text:
Jharsuguda district

Jharsuguda is a district in Odisha, India with Jharsuguda town as its headquarters. This region is rich in coal and other mineral reserves. Of late, many small and medium scale iron and steel units have been set up in the vicinity of Jharsuguda town, giving impetus to the industrial growth of the district.

Major Tribes
This district has the major tribal populations among them important tribes are Sabara, Kisan, Kurukh, Bhuiyan, Munda, Santal. This district has unique diversity in terms of tribal culture, language and other focal culture. Kurukh people speak their mother tongue Kurukh language with Sadri language. Munda people speak their Ho language and Kisan people speak their Kisan dialect and Kharia speak their Kharia. Sadri and local Odia dialect is also quite popular among tribal communities. There are some distinguished people from this land who have done remarkable work in their respective field.

 * Hemananda Biswal: Chief Minister of Odisha and a veteran Congress leader
 * Amresh Chandra Satapathy: International Research Scientist and IAS Physics Author
 * Kishore Kumar Mohanty: Speaker of Odisha Assembly and veteran BJD leader

Geography
Jharsuguda district has three urban agglomerations, municipalities of Jharsuguda town and Brajrajnagar and municipality of Belpahar. Jharsuguda has its own airport named Veer Surendra Sai Airport. The district is bordered by Raigarh district of Chhattisgarh to the west, Sundergarh district to the north, Sambalpur district to the east and southeast and Bargarh district to the southwest. The district is mainly open plain, with some hills in the north.

Economy
There are lot of coal mines situated in this area.

Brajrajnagar is an industrial town, being of the prime location for Open Cast Coal Mine of Ib Valley Coalfield of Mahanadi Coalfields Limited. Brajrajnagar also boasts of a large scale paper mill, i.e., Orient Paper Mills of the Birla Group of Industries. However, this mill has been defunct for more than a decade now. Brajrajnagar is also a tourist hub as there are a lot of big temples like Brajeswari temple near railway station, Ramchandi Mandir, Laxmi Narayan Mandir, Jagannath Temple, Shiv Mandir in Lamtibahal, Shani Mandir in college road, Mukteswar Temple in hill top colony, Shiv Mandir in Rampur as well as Shiv Temple of G.M. Office, Aditya Mandir in jharsuguda road, Mangala and Tarini Mandir in college road.

In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Jharsuguda one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640). It is one of the 19 districts in Odisha currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).

The district once had an airport during World War II. In 2018 this airport was modernised into Jharsuguda Airport.

Divisions
The district comprises five blocks, primary being Lakhanpur, Kolabira, Laikera, Kirmira and Jharsuguda.

Belpahar sub-division includes 12 villages and two town. The most populous villages are Lakhanpur & Chhualiberna. The main festival of Chhualiberna is Narsingh Puja which held on month of December. Brajrajnagar is also famous for rampur's ramchandi mandir on bank of the Ib river. Rampur colliery is famous for the oldest coal mines in India. Another one most popular gram panchayat is Hirma, which is under Jharsuguda block; it is 10 km from dist. headquarter, and the main festival is Samalei Bali Jatra (Kandagarh).

Demographics
According to the 2011 census Jharsuguda district had a population of 579,505, roughly equal to the nation of Solomon Islands or the US state of Wyoming. This gives it a ranking of 530th in India (out of a total of 640). The district had a population density of 274 PD/sqkm. Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 13.69%. Jharsuguda had a sex ratio of 951 females for every 1,000 males, and a literacy rate of 78.36%. 39.89% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes made up 18.05% and 30.50% of the population respectively.

At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 42.26% of the population spoke Sambalpuri, 27.42% Odia, 9.59% Hindi, 6.42% Kisan, 2.21% Mundari, 1.86% Kharia, 1.43% Chhattisgarhi, 1.27% Bengali and 1.11% Sadri as their mother tongue.

Vidhan sabha constituencies
The following is the 2 Vidhan sabha constituencies of Jharsuguda district and the elected members of that area.

title: Jharsuguda district


text: File:Tempts-ear-resis.jpg

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: File:Tempts-ear-resis.jpg


text:
User talk:Californicate

Image
Thunderbrand 18:29, August 28, 2005 (UTC)

Orphaned fair use image (Image:Amiga-t.png)
Thanks for uploading Image:Amiga-t.png. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable under fair use (see our fair use policy).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any fair use images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. BetacommandBot 04:16, 12 May 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Californicate


text:
Julie Vlasto

Pénélope Julie "Diddie" Vlasto Serpieri (8 August 1903 – 2 March 1985) was a female tennis player from France. She won the silver medal at the Paris Olympics in 1924 in women's singles, losing the final to Helen Wills Moody. Vlasto also won the version of the French national championships in 1924 that was open only to French nationals. She was a doubles partner of Suzanne Lenglen in many doubles tournaments during the early 1920s.

She was born as Pénélope Julie Vlasto on 8 August 1903, in Marseille, France.

According to Wallis Myers of the Daily Telegraph and Daily Mail, Vlasto was ranked in the world top ten in 1923 and 1926, reaching a career high of world No. 8 in 1923.

She married Jean-Baptiste Serpieri on 17 February 1927.

Grand Slam singles tournament timeline
1Through 1923, the French Championships were open only to French nationals. The World Hard Court Championships (WHCC), actually played on clay in Paris or Brussels, began in 1912 and were open to all nationalities. The results from that tournament are shown here for 1923. The Olympics replaced the WHCC in 1924, as the Olympics were held in Paris. Beginning in 1925, the French Championships were open to all nationalities, with the results shown here beginning with that year.

title: Julie Vlasto


text:
De Vriendt brothers

The De Vriendt brothers, Juliaan Joseph (1842–1935) and Albrecht François Lieven (1843–1900), were Belgian painters, both born at Ghent, sons of a decorative painter.

Biography
The two brothers were close friends, and their works show marked signs of resemblance. Having received their early training from their father at Ghent, they removed to Antwerp, where they soon yielded to the influence of the painter Baron Henrik Leys. Albrecht became director of the Academy of Fine Arts at Antwerp and was succeeded by his brother.

Works
Albrecht's principal works are:
 * Jacqueline of Bavaria imploring Philip the Good to pardon her Husband (1871, Liege Gallery)
 * The Excommunication of Bouchard d'Avesnes (1877, Brussels Gallery)
 * The Angelus (1877, acquired by Leopold II, King of the Belgians)
 * Pope Paul III before Luther's Portrait (1883, Antwerp Gallery)
 * The Citizens of Ghent paying homage to the child Charles V (1885, Brussels Gallery)
 * Philip the Handsome swearing fidelity to the privileges of the Town of Furnes (1893, Veurne town hall)
 * The Virgin of St. Luc (1894, triptych in Antwerp Cathedral)
 * Decoration of the municipal hall at Bruges, which was completed by his brother
 * Phillip I Conferring Order of Golden Fleece on his Son(Brooklyn Museum).

Among Juliaan's more notable works are:
 * The Citizens of Eisenach driving out St. Elizabeth of Hungary (1871, Liège Gallery)
 * Jairus's Daughter (1888, Antwerp Gallery)
 * Mural paintings in the Palace of Justice at Antwerp (1893)
 * The Christmas Carol (1894, Brussels Gallery).

title: De Vriendt brothers


text:
Talk:SS Atlantic Conveyor

Cargo
The cargo list in paragraph 3 clearly doesn't match that of the photo. Anyone know 'the truth'? miterdale 18:31, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Middlebrook's The Falklands War 1982 says she sailed from the UK with 6 Wessex and 5 Chinooks and (perhaps) one Harrier. At Ascension one Chinook was removed and 8 Sea Harriers and 6 RAF Harriers were onboard, leaving 3 RAF Harriers behind.  Sea Harrier Over The Falklands says she arrived at the Falklands with 8 Sea Harriers and 6 Ground Attack Harriers (GR 3) "plus some helicopters".  So the photo looks right. Geoff/Gsl 12:43, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * According to the article "Land Rover Series" the vessel carried "several hundred" Land Rovers. That's a lot of Land Rovers and a lot of money! If correct can it be added to the article please. --kingboyk (talk) 12:56, 21 November 2010 (UTC)
 * Can you hold on, I've never seen that claim before and I think it is dubious. The AC was intended to support aircraft operations in the Falklands and was carrying a temporary strip and other bits'n'pieces such as tentage.  I've added a fact tag, so lets see what happens.  Justin talk 13:47, 21 November 2010 (UTC)
 * Great, thanks. I don't know either way but am interested to know :) --kingboyk (talk) 16:40, 22 November 2010 (UTC)
 * Cynical military rumour used to hold that if everything recorded as being lost on the 'Conveyor had actually been aboard she would have gone down long before reaching the Islands. This is almost certainly an exaggeration, but it does seem that quite a lot of diffy kit was written off in that sinking. 194.74.62.195 (talk) 17:50, 17 January 2012 (UTC)

mars bars?
What was more devestating than the loss of the helicopters, according to Andy McNab in his book "Bravo Two Zero", was the loss of all the Task Force's Mars Bars.

Bravo Two Zero was about the Iraqi war, can somebody confirm or remove the statement? Doesn't sound too plausible... considering the consequence was a rather big set back in the deployment of troops...

--Andreala 00:39, 20 June 2006 (UTC)
 * It also seems quite callous, because it is followed by the statement "Twelve men died upon the Atlantic Conveyor, including the vessel's Master..." I think this should be rewritten or the bit about Mars bars should be removed. Grant | Talk 04:35, 9 May 2007 (UTC)

 * It would seem to me as being more of a case of gallows humor than anything else. Parsecboy (talk) 16:36, 24 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Haven't read B20 for a while and don't have a copy to hand but IIRC he was talking about the blow to the morale of the troops caused by the loss of their supplies. Mars bars being something of a synecdoche for the whole thing. Helcopters burned, men died, but the troops on the ground noticed that they were on short rations. 194.74.62.195 (talk) 17:43, 17 January 2012 (UTC)

 * Mars Bars were an excellent source of sugar and were useful for restoring the body's sugar levels and replacing lost energy after strenuous exertion in cold conditions when other sources of food were not available. They were thus not really a luxury. If was for this reason IIRC that Mars Bars were usually included in a survivor's emergency rations pack.

 * The Paras intended transport - the Chinooks - was on board the Atlantic Conveyor and with that ship's loss also went the helicopters, and thus the Paras knew they would have to get to where they were going on foot and so be required to perform strenuous exertion in cold conditions. Hence the Mars Bars became important.

 * The manufacturers have since changed the recipe for the bar and so whether the above still applies to the Mars Bars produced today I don't know. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 95.150.18.150 (talk) 18:34, 9 November 2016 (UTC)

Survivors
Is there a list of suvivors available or is this confidential –Gunner 10/11/06

All Survivors from Atlantic Conveyor transferred from rescuing ships to "British Tay" and returned to UK via Ascension Islands. 18 Squadron (Chinook) Survivors: Clive "Arnie" Arnold, Roy Boakes, Pete Collie, Steve Hitchman, Pete Jack, Brian Joplin, Rod Maclean, Adrian Ventress, Alan "Geordie" Watson, Andy Wise. Clive "Arnie" Arnold & Adrian Ventress recued by SeaKing flown by Prince Andrew taken to "Hermes" joined by Steve Hitchman who had jumped overboard on first impact. All others from 18 Squadron picked up by "Alacrity" - A7rny 01/08/08

Exocet
Corrected the comments on the technique used to seduce Exocets. Rather than seducing an Exocet to fly over a target, the technique involves the missile passing between the ship and helicopter. A radar can resolve in range but not in azimuth, two objects close to each other appear as one and it will aim for the centroid (hopefully passing between the two). Chaff rockets fulfill a similar function by appearing to increase the length of the target. Atlantic Conveyor was simply too big for either to stand a decent chance of success. What AC needed was a close-in defence system such as Phalanx or Goalkeeper. Justin talk 23:56, 10 December 2007 (UTC)
 * Out of interest, if bow/stern on would it have made a difference ? May be academic, as I don't know how long it took to turn. -- John (Daytona2 · talk) 14:17, 11 December 2007 (UTC)
 * Bow/Stern on could have made a lot of difference, thanks for reminding me as I'd forgotten that. It comes down to how Chaff is dispensed, the mistake some system designers make is to fire chaff off in both directions - the ship is in the middle and thats where the missile goes.  If you can make a chaff cloud to one side, you can seduce the missile in that direction.  The crew launching the Exocet would have made a beam attack, if there was AEW, sufficient warning could have enabled the ship to manoeuvre and it may have given it a chance.  Relying on picking the missile up as it came over the radar horizon would not have given sufficient reaction time. In truth, the moment the missile seeker locked onto Atlantic Conveyor there was very little it could have done.  Justin talk 16:29, 11 December 2007 (UTC)

 * I thought I had described the technique as having the missile go between the ship and helicopter but your wording is clearer and has some lovely ones in it, I especially like centroid. I think what AC needed was a Sea King helicopter decoy and, assuming it had one, with a pilot who dared to keep it low to the ship. Just my opinion.Dbdb (talk) 16:34, 11 December 2007 (UTC)

UNINDENT

All of the sources I have to hand indicate that the fires were started by the warhead detonating after penetrating the hull. Currently there are the two versions in there but I intend to revise the article to the version I added if no citation is provided. Justin talk 12:45, 4 June 2008 (UTC)

Certain authors may state that the warheads detonated but this very POV, I would ask the question were they on the ship at the time? DId they see the missile warhead explode? Indeed survivors of AC may not be able to answer these questions, the sustainer rocket motor may have exploded, also burning propellant could have have set ammunition and fuel alight, just to cite a few reasons. Do not automatically assume that the exocets fired functioned correctly. In any war or conflict there is always a percentage of munitions that does not function correctly. It is better to cite both views with references. Aquizard 22:58, 25 November 2012 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Aquizard (talk • contribs)

Recompense
Did the government pay for this ship? I'd be pretty pissed off if I was Cunard and I'd leant my boat to Maggie and then she went and sank it.Mtaylor848 (talk) 13:16, 3 July 2010 (UTC)

£9.3 million. Surprisingly the government had insurance for wartime losses. I wonder what the premium for that policy was! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.13.81.201 (talk) 22:46, 12 April 2016 (UTC)

Sinking of Atlantic Conveyor
I wonder why it was that all the helicopters aboard the Atlantic Conveyor had not been flown to land where they

would be far safer from air attack. Can anyone supply an answer?

Paul Eden — Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.141.240.194 (talk) 10:08, 27 September 2012 (UTC)

 * It was too early in the campaign for there to really be any land to which the helicopters could be flown. The British forces had only just made their landings, establishing a toehold, by the time Atlantic Conveyor was hit. It was presumably considered more risky to transfer too much of the logistics and supplies to shore before having a clearer idea how the land campaign might develop. Also while the ships had all the logistical support available for the helicopters, there were no comparable land-based facilities in British hands as yet. Atlantic Conveyor was probably considered to be the far safer location from air attack as well, located where she could be defended by sea-borne anti-air missiles on nearby British warships and screened by carrier-based aircraft. Benea (talk) 13:18, 27 September

The Chinooks were prepared for the sea journey by having their rotor blades removed (and placed inside their aircraft) and the fuselage then being generously coated in px9 wax oil, before being placed in one-piece green rubber "banana" suit. As this was the first time this process had been used, including removing rotor blades on a moving deck, it proved quite difficult but was achieved by 12 technicians from 18 Sqn while the AC was moored in the UK prior to departure. The original plan was for the small party of 6 technicians from 18 Sqn onboard the AC to be joined by the main party of 18Sqn technicians from the "Norland" to rebuilt and prepare the Chinooks once in the calm waters of the Sound. When this proved impossible to achieve because of the high risk within the Sound, the process was carried out by the 6 technicians on board, in open water with huge risk of personal injury and damage to the aircraft, taking two days just to achieve the rebuilt of one Chinook, BN, and achieving its flight check. A second aircraft, BT, stowed on the rear deck near the ramp, had also been rebuilt by the small team by the 25th May, but was only completed ready for a test flight just 30 mins before the first missile struck. A7rny (talk) 12:48, 29 December 2012 (UTC)(a7rny)

Use of Self-Published Source
is a self-published source. Per WP:SPS this cannot be used as a source on wikipedia. is persisting in using this as a source to add dubious material to the article (see next section). I am asking, who has been warned not to, to desist from doing so. WCM email 12:22, 25 May 2014 (UTC)

Now, this is quite interesting. What we are dealing with here is a war situation where some things, whether accurate or not, become public knowledge for historians to comment on and many other things remain private and are often taken to the grave. For example, I was an officer on/ survivor of Conveyor (from conversion to destruction) and am one of the few people around that knows the planned defensive posture of the ship was to turn her stern to any incoming missiles. This is valid high quality first hand historical evidence, yet as I understand it not admissible as a reference source for Wikipedia.

Other unpublished high quality information I have is from logs kept by officers at the time; officers' knowledge of current training and defensive manoeuvres; correspondence with senior decision makers who are sadly now deceased; opinions of weapons and tactical experts; and survivor accounts. Further details have been recovered from newly released documents held at Kew (found with the assistance of staff), which are of value if interpreted.

There is, of course, a lot of relevant and readily available published information about Conveyor of varying quality, some of which has been used as source for the current Wikipedia article.

I am a research scientist by training and what I have are the results of a research project. I am extremely grateful for 's editorial steer and advice given here (see below). Taking this into account, I have concluded that Wikipedia is probably not the place to write about what happened to Atlantic Conveyor, as much of the key evidence would be inadmissible as reference sources.

This being the case, I feel it is probably best that my edits to this Wikipedia article are simply deleted. Given the rapid departure of witnesses, I'll concentrate on itemising and discussing available evidence on my own site for the benefit of anyone wishing to use it for historical purposes at some future date. My survivor account and evidence gathered to date have been captured on electronic media by the IWM Celtic Boatman (talk) 07:26, 26 May 2014 (UTC)

 * As I said you can't add material from your own website. As you acknowledge this as your own research I am removing it from the article.  WCM email 17:06, 27 May 2014 (UTC)

Edit Warring of WP:OR
has repeatedly inserted the claim "thus avoiding distraction by British chaff decoys from launch until their final approach" as regards Exocet. This is WP:OR and WP:SYN on his part and demonstrates a lack of knowledge of how the system works. Exocet approaches at low level to prevent detection by Air Defences. WCM email 12:24, 25 May 2014 (UTC)

I am very grateful to for taking the time to repeatedly offer correction (I think we were enthusiastically editing at the same time) of my comment on Exocet behaviour -> "thus avoiding distraction by British chaff decoys from launch until their final approach"

I knew and entirely agree with 's factual advice: "Exocet approaches at low level to prevent detection by Air Defences." But this is a short Wikipedia article, so I limited myself to Exocet behaviour that was relevant to the point I was making. Yes, Exocets of the time skimmed the waves to avoid being locked onto by defensive radar systems. In this case, however, detecting the missiles wasn't the problem. They were followed both on radar and visually (as they emitted a prominent smoke trail). The problem was disposing of the missiles before they hit a ship. The only 'goalkeeper' on station was out of range and the other ships were unlikely to be able to down the missiles with their weapons systems. However, there remained two real opportunities to send the missiles in the wrong direction. Firstly, by confusing the aircraft radar systems with false targets. And secondly by using chaff, or another ship, to confuse the missiles' onboard seekers. The first decoy attempt had failed and the second could only work if precisely timed, as the chaff dispersed downwind. My point was that the Exocets were programmed to fly towards the target location on autopilot to avoid the chaff distraction which was being put up continuously by the local ships. The Exocets only turned on their seekers in the last seconds to find a target of suitable size within in a pre-set escape distance from the original destination coordinates. Thus my statement was accurate and I qualified the 'final approach' part in the next paragraph. So I would argue pressed delete a little too hastily and 's tag comment on the post was not helpful (or particularly polite).

If I inadvertently triggered what has been described as an editing war then that certainly was not my intent and is not of any interest to me. In fact, I did not re-insert my website as a visible reference on the live page following its initial removal. Celtic Boatman (talk) 07:58, 26 May 2014 (UTC)

 * I've just stripped a discussion which was taking place in comments in the article out of it. Such a discussion belongs on this talk page. Nick-D (talk) 08:00, 27 May 2014 (UTC)

 * Exocet doesn't behave in the manner you suggest with your edit. In the mid-course phase, Exocet missiles of that generation relied on bearing navigation travelling along a bearing as directed by the azimuth gyro with the height regulated by a small radar altimeter.  To reduce the probability of detection the radar seeker didn't switch on until the terminal phase.  You can chuck chaff about with gay abandon and it will do nothing to deflect the missile.  Nor would chaff be deployed by Frigates to distract aircraft radar, to deploy chaff in that situation would create a massive radar target that would give away the fleet's position.  Chaff in that situation is only deployed as a last ditch defence againt an incoming missiles.
 * In addition, the missiles weren't picked up on Ship radar until they crossed the radar horizon and at that stage they're already in the terminal homing phase.
 * Your statement is just plain wrong, Exocet doesn't fly at low level to avoid chaff decoying.  WCM email 17:04, 27 May 2014 (UTC)

 * Just to be clear, all Argentine exocet attacks were aimed to disable or destroy a British aircraft carrier (or so they claimed!), this is NOT the only one so drop it already. -- Dave ♠♣♥♦™№1185©♪♫® 23:34, 28 May 2014 (UTC)

Error in List of Deaths
The casualties section states that of the 12 men who died, 6 were merchant navy, 3 were RFA and 6 were RN - clearly this adds up to 15. I assume that the RFA men were counted twice, but I've no idea whether they're being counted as merchant navy or RN. Jellyfish dave (talk) 14:14, 16 March 2015 (UTC)

MilborneOne (talk) 17:27, 16 March 2015 (UTC)
 * Three RFA, Chief Radio Officer Ronald Hoole, Ng Po and Chan Chi Sing
 * Three RN, Air Engineering Mechanic (Radio) Adrian Anslow, Chief Petty Office Writer Edmund Flanagan and Leading Air Engineering Mechnica (Electrical) Donal Pryce.
 * Merchant Navy, Captain Ian North, Bosun John Dobson, Mechanic Frank Foulkes, Mechanic James Hughes, Steward David Hawkins and Mechanic Ernest Vickers

Title needs changing
The article title should be MV Atlantic Conveyor, she was not a steam ship.Murgatroyd49 (talk) 14:27, 4 May 2015 (UTC)

 * A lot of reliable sources like the MoD call her the "SS Atlantic Conveyor" do you have a reliable source that says she was not? MilborneOne (talk) 14:56, 4 May 2015 (UTC)

 * Oil-fired steam turbine, so technically a steam ship! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 212.159.98.209 (talk) 14:28, 22 March 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on SS Atlantic Conveyor. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090223051413/http://britains-smallwars.com/Falklands/Exocet.html to http://www.britains-smallwars.com/Falklands/Exocet.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 01:24, 21 May 2017 (UTC)

Rescue of Survivors
The article states that HRH Prince Andrew, piloting a Sea King, was the first to take off survivors. This is not correct. The first aircraft to rescue survivors, including an RAF engineer who had ended up in the sea after the Atlantic Conveyor was hit by Exocets, was a Royal Navy Wessex V of 845 Commando Squadron, call sign YD, that was piloted by  Lieutenant Kim Slowe RN. The air crewman was a Royal Marine Corporal, Ian Tyrell RM. A Sea King from HMS Invincible, piloted by HRH Prince Andrew, picked up the survivors that were not able to fit into the Wessex V.

The Wessex V, callsign YD, had been embarked on Atlantic Conveyor for 2 days, having previously transitioned to the Exclusion Zone via an RAF Belfast to Ascension Island and then in RFA Fort Austin. After leaving RFA Fort Austin, YD then operated for a few days from HMS Invincible before embarking in Atlantic Conveyor.

YD had just launched from Atlantic Conveyor, to carry out a check test flight, when the ship was hit by the Exocet. YD picked up one survivor from the sea and then picked up a further 13 survivors from the forward deck of the Atlantic Conveyor. All the survivors were taken to HMS Hermes. This correct version of events is told by Harry Benson in his book SCRAM, published by Arrow, ISBN 0099568829, and by Ewen Southby-Tailyour in the book Exocet Falklands published by Pen & Sword, ISBN 978-1-78346-387-9. Kimslowe (talk) 09:56, 27 February 2018 (UTC)

 * If you are happy then I can (or you can) transfer that account to the main article. Murgatroyd49 (talk) 16:22, 27 February 2018 (UTC)

 * Now done, if you'd like to check. Murgatroyd49 (talk) 12:34, 5 March 2018 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of section "Techniques to defeat anti-ship missiles"
This section has been on this article for a long time, but I think it is badly sourced, and not appropriate in this article. It is about techniques for evading anti-ship missiles (generally); it is not about Atlantic Conveyor.

Jinlye (talk) 13:54, 4 March 2019 (UTC)
 * I disagree, there was a controversy that decoys were not fitted to Atlantic Conveyor, this section was added to explain why. WCM email 14:12, 4 March 2019 (UTC)
 * Also disagree. I recall much speculation at the time about Atlantic Conveyor acting as a decoy for the carriers and why it was unprotected. I think its more a case of finding sources rather than deleting content Lyndaship (talk) 14:21, 4 March 2019 (UTC)

 * I suggest then that the section needs rewriting to be about Atlantic Conveyor specifically and not "Techniques to defeat anti-ship missiles" generally, which is covered in other articles (e.g. Chaff (countermeasure)). And it desperately needs some decent sources - as it stands I think it is fair game to be challenged and removed. On the point about using Atlantic Conveyor as a decoy, it seems an extravagant measure when it had all the Chinooks that the army were counting on for transporting troops and materiel to the front line.  But if there is a reliable source for that, let's add it.  Jinlye (talk) 21:27, 5 March 2019 (UTC)
 * Regarding use as a decoy, Nigel West claims (The Secret War for the Falklands) that some merchant ships were used as protection for the carriers as decoys for Exocets but Conveyer certainly wasn't one of them. She was moved up prepatory to unloading her cargo of helicopters. The Entendards carrying out the attack popped up briefly out of the radar shadow, got a big contact, assumed it was one of the carriers, and fired their missiles before dropping back below the radar horizon.

 * What Nigel West is referring to is the use of the burn-out hulk of Conveyor after this attack. There is some suggestion that the missile launched on the 30 May attack hit the hulk.  WCM email 08:53, 6 March 2019 (UTC)

 * West refers to three merchant ships being used as decoys for the carriers. They would have to have been capable of manouvering in concert with the carriers which the hulk of the Conveyor would not have been able to. As to the subsequent attack, when the Argentines claimed to have hit Invincible, Woodward in "100 Days" comments that no one in the task force was aware of an attack on that day. I believe (but would have to check) that on that day attempts were still being made to recover what cargo they could salvage from Conveyor. Though if the missile did indeed hit the ship that would explain the confusion but doesn't mean it was deliberately being deployed as a decoy. Murgatroyd49 (talk) 15:06, 6 March 2019 (UTC)
 * Having rechecked both the Sunday Times Insight book and Woodward's 100 days, there is no claim that Conveyor was actively used as a decoy, though the former does refer to it being hit by the last Exocet. According to Woodward the A4 pilots that reported seeing the missile hit and the carrier on fire were probably confused by seeing HMS Avenger wreathed in smoke from her gun. (Woodward P305) Murgatroyd49 (talk) 15:00, 2 June 2019 (UTC)

 * FWIW, I'm going to be bold and remove this controversial/contentious section altogether now. Gentlemen, I would like to remind you all that Wikipedia is an encyclopedia, we have to be 100% factual than some conspiracy theorist ranting on a Sunday tabloid. In any case, should the controversial issue(s) turn out to be true, we can still reintroduce it into the article page with correct and proper format than what it looks like right now - a pile of badly-written/sourced malcontent turning both the page and Wikipedia into another laughing stock on the internet. -- Dave ♠♣♥♦™№1185©♪♫® 11:34, 6 March 2019 (UTC)

 * I'm not a gentleman and the Sunday Times is not a tabloid. This removal is premature and I'm going to revert you Lyndaship (talk) 11:51, 6 March 2019 (UTC)

 * Lynda, Dave is a gentleman and will be mortified at his mistake. If I may, I believe I introduced some of this section, which was an attempt to explain the problem to an editor who completely misunderstood how Exocet worked.  See Talk:SS Atlantic Conveyor and Talk:SS Atlantic Conveyor above.  What I believe is needed is a re-write to:
 * A) Why Atlantic Conveyor was hit in the attack
 * B) Explain why Atlantic Conveyor was not outfitted with Chaff - too large
 * C) Comment on the rumours of the hulk being used as an Exocet decoy (if reliable sources can be found).
 * Does that make sense, do we need to add more? WCM email 12:35, 6 March 2019 (UTC)

 * I agree totally that the section needs to be rewritten and if no one did then that would be grounds for removal but while the discussion is still active any removal is premature. I don't have the sources to check the information given and all I have is a hazy memory from the time both from published sources and shall we say those which were not for public consumption. My memory from the latter coincides with what is on the self published website which was previously quoted but has to be dismissed as non-RS. So yes please do rewrite the section as per the RS you have access to Lyndaship (talk) 12:53, 6 March 2019 (UTC)

New source material
New article with full history of the ship, as well as sinking in the Falklands with photos is | here Farawayman (talk) 18:43, 12 January 2021 (UTC)

Naming of Preserved Class 40 Diesel Locomotive 40106 'Atlantic Conveyor'
Is it worth adding to the article that "on 11th August 1984, [40106], now renumbered D306 was named “ATLANTIC CONVEYOR”, in memory of the Cunard cargo ship and those on board who lost their lives in the 1982 Falklands war. The name was dedicated by John Brocklehurst, Chief Officer of the ship."

Details on the the Class 40 Preservation Society's website here: https://www.cfps.co.uk/about/40106-2 Andywebby (talk) 19:49, 2 March 2024 (UTC)
 * Yes but in a separate memorial section. WCM email 07:13, 4 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:SS Atlantic Conveyor


text:
Ear-Resistible

Ear-Resistible is a studio album by American vocal group the Temptations. Served as the follow-up to Phoenix Rising (1998), it was released by Motown on	May 16, 2000. Featuring the Top 20 Urban Adult Contemporary singles "I'm Here", which peaked at #3, and "Selfish Reasons", which peaked at #18, the album won the 2001 Grammy Award for Best Traditional R&B Performance.

Critical reception
AllMusic editor Jason Elias found that with the album "the group turns in its strongest set since 1984's Truly for You [...] Co-executive produced by Kedar Massenburg and Otis Williams, Ear-Resistible proves that you don't need rap cameos or expletives to make a great R&B album."

Personnel

 * Terry Weeks – tenor/baritone vocals
 * Barrington "Bo" Henderson – tenor/baritone vocals
 * Otis Williams – second tenor/baritone vocals
 * Ron Tyson – first tenor/falsetto vocals
 * Harry McGilberry – bass vocals

title: Ear-Resistible


text: User talk:69.156.109.248

title: User talk:69.156.109.248


text:
User talk:Dmarkg

Thunderbrand 18:34, August 28, 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:Alex Armstrong.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Alex Armstrong.jpg. I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag, so its copyright status is therefore unclear. Please add a tag to let us know its copyright status. (If you created/took the picture then you can use to release it under the GFDL. If you can claim fair use use  .)  See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use. If you have uploaded other images, please check that you have tagged them, too. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thanks so much. --Arnie587 15:25, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Dmarkg


text:
Étouffée

Étouffée or etouffee is a dish found in both Cajun and Creole cuisine typically served with shellfish over rice. The dish employs a technique known as smothering, a popular method of cooking in the Cajun and Creole areas of south Louisiana. Étouffée is most popular in New Orleans and in the Acadiana region as well as the coastal counties of Mississippi, Alabama, northern Florida, and eastern Texas.

Etymology
In French, the word "étouffée" (borrowed into English as "stuffed" or "stifled") literally means "smothered" or "suffocated", from the verb "étouffer".

Description
Étouffée is a dish of shellfish, simmered in a sauce made from a light or blond roux, served over rice. It is most commonly made with crab, shrimp or crawfish. Depending on who is making it and where it is being made it is flavored with either Creole or Cajun seasonings. Although Creole and Cajun cuisines are distinct, there are many similarities.

In the case of the Creole version of crawfish étouffée, it is made with a blond or brown roux and sometimes tomatoes are added. A blond roux is one that is cooked, stirring constantly, for approximately 5 minutes to remove the "raw" flavor of the flour and to add a slightly "nutty" flavor, while a brown roux is cooked longer (30 to 35 minutes) in order to deepen the color and flavor.

History
Around the 1950s, crawfish étouffée was introduced to restaurant goers in Breaux Bridge, Louisiana; however, the dish may have been invented as early as the late 1920s, according to some sources. Originally, crawfish étouffée was a popular dish amongst Cajuns in the bayous and backwaters of Louisiana.

title: Étouffée


text:
User talk:DanFein

Welcome
Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Karmafist 18:35, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Northern Plains Resource Council
This is an automated message from CorenSearchBot. I have performed a web search with the contents of Northern Plains Resource Council, and it appears to include a substantial copy of. For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or printed material; such additions will be deleted. You may use external websites as a source of information, but not as a source of sentences.

This message was placed automatically, and it is possible that the bot is confused and found similarity where none actually exists. If that is the case, you can remove the tag from the article and it would be appreciated if you could drop a note on the maintainer's talk page. CorenSearchBot 22:40, 18 October 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:DanFein


text:
Kea Bouman

Cornelia "Kea" Tiedemann-Bouman (23 November 1903 – 17 November 1998) was a female tennis player from the Netherlands. She won the singles title at the 1927 French Championships, beating Irene Bowder Peacock of South Africa in the final. Bouman was the first and, to this date, the only Dutch woman who has won a Grand Slam singles title.

Bouman additionally won the 1923, 1924, 1925 and 1926 Dutch national tennis championship (singles).

Born in Almelo, Bouman is also the first female Dutch athlete to win an Olympic medal in any sport, when she teamed with Hendrik Timmer to win bronze in mixed doubles at the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris.

In October 1927 Bouman won the singles title of the inaugural edition of the Pacific Southwest Tennis Championship, defeating Molla Mallory in the final in three sets. In 1929, Bouman teamed with Spain's Lilí Álvarez to win the women's doubles title at the French Championships, precursor of the French Open.

According to A. Wallis Myers of The Daily Telegraph and the Daily Mail, Bouman was ranked in the world top 10 in 1927 and 1928, reaching a career high of world no. 8 in those rankings in 1928.

Bouman was successful in other sports as well. She became the Dutch national champion in golf and played for the national field hockey team.

On 27 January 1931 she married Ir. Wilhelm Tiedemann in Almelo, and shortly afterwards the couple emigrated to Dutch East Indies where they would live for nine years and where Tiedemann worked as a geologist. She had also lived in the United States. Bouman died in Delden, Netherlands.

Grand Slam singles tournament timeline
1Through 1923, the French Championships were open only to French nationals. The World Hard Court Championships (WHCC), actually played on clay in Paris or Brussels, began in 1912 and were open to all nationalities. The results from the 1923 edition of that tournament are shown here. The Olympics replaced the WHCC in 1924, as the Olympics were held in Paris. Beginning in 1925, the French Championships were open to all nationalities, with the results shown here beginning with that year.

title: Kea Bouman


text:
Toe (disambiguation)

A toe is a digit of the foot of a human or animal.

Toe or TOE may also refer to:

Geography

 * North Toe River, a large stream in the North Carolina High Country, in the United States
 * South Toe River, a stream in Yancy County in Western North Carolina, United States
 * The Toe, a landmark on Nelson Island in the South Shetland Islands

Arts, entertainment, and media

 * Toe (band), a Japanese post-rock band
 * Tales of Eternia, a roleplaying game

Computing and technology

 * TOE, the Specific Area Message Encoding code for a 911 Telephone Outage Emergency
 * TCP offload engine, a technology used by Ethernet network interface cards (NICs)
 * Target of Evaluation (TOE), the subject of a Common Criteria security evaluation
 * Toe, the low end of a characteristic response curve in photography

Science and mathematics

 * Toé, a common South American name for Datura and related plants
 * Glacier terminus, also known as its toe
 * Theory of everything, a hypothetical all-encompassing framework of physics
 * Theory of evolution
 * Transesophageal echocardiogram, a medical investigation using an ultrasound probe
 * Truncated octahedron, a uniform polyhedron

Other uses

 * Toe (name)
 * Toe (automotive), the angle of a wheel relative to its vehicle's longitudinal axis
 * Table of organization and equipment (TOE or TO&E)
 * Terms of employment
 * Texas, Oklahoma and Eastern Railroad
 * Tonne of oil equivalent

title: Toe (disambiguation)


text:
Roger Edens

Roger Edens (November 9, 1905 – July 13, 1970) was a Hollywood composer, arranger and associate producer, and is considered one of the major creative figures in Arthur Freed's musical film production unit at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer during the "golden era of Hollywood".

Early career and work with Judy Garland
Edens was born in Hillsboro, Texas. His parents were of Scots-Irish ancestry. He was a piano accompanist for ballroom dancers before becoming a musical conductor on Broadway. He went to Hollywood in 1932 along with his protégée Ethel Merman, writing and arranging material for her films at Paramount. In 1935 he joined MGM as a musical supervisor and occasional composer and arranger, notably of music for Judy Garland. He also appeared on screen opposite Eleanor Powell in a cameo in Broadway Melody of 1936.

Arthur Freed, producer of musicals at MGM, was impressed by Edens and soon made him integral to his production team, which was rapidly growing and featured many of the day's greatest talents, recruited by Freed himself. Freed built a cabinet around himself, and in the early 1940s made Edens associate producer. The unit made dozens of extremely successful musical films in the 1940s and into the 1950s, including Meet Me in St. Louis (1944), Easter Parade (1948), On the Town (1949), Show Boat (1951), An American in Paris (1951), Singin' in the Rain (1952) and The Band Wagon (1953).

When musical films became less popular in the mid-1950s, Edens left MGM, opened his own office, and worked on such projects as Funny Face (1957) with Audrey Hepburn, Fred Astaire, and Kay Thompson at Paramount.

Edens is considered an important creative musical figure from the end of the 1930s until the beginning of the 1960s. His MGM career allowed him to work with top musical performers including Judy Garland, of whom he was the original trainer and overseer and a lifelong friend. Special material he wrote for her includes "Dear Mr Gable - You Made Me Love You" (1937); "Our Love Affair" (1940) for Strike up the Band, which received an Oscar nomination for Best Song; and the music for the "Born in a Trunk" sequence in A Star Is Born (1954). "It's a Great Day for the Irish", which Garland sang in Little Nellie Kelly (1940) and was one of her biggest hits, became an Irish-American anthem played by military and marching bands every St. Patrick's Day the world over.

Edens produced a number of films after the mid-1950s, and wrote special material for Garland's Palace Theatre debut in 1951 and her London Palladium concerts the same year.

Birthday parties
Edens and Kay Thompson had the same birthday (November 9). From 1942–1957 they gave joint birthday parties where each presented a surprise production number with special material featuring their friends, including Judy Garland, Ethel Merman, Lena Horne, Gene Kelly, Marilyn Monroe, Dorothy Dandridge, Maureen O'Hara, Ray Bolger, Ann Sothern, Phil Silvers, Danny Kaye, Charles Walters, Cole Porter, Hugh Martin and Ralph Blane. They never told the other what the other was going to present.

Show Boat
Edens and producer Arthur Freed were the guiding forces behind MGM's 1951 screen version of Show Boat. Edens headed the search for the right singer-actor to play Joe, the key supporting character who sings "Ol' Man River", and discovered William Warfield after reading a rave review of his performance in a New York song recital. Edens also supervised the film's reediting when the producer and director found the original cut too slow.

Personal life
Before moving to California, Edens was married to Martha LaPrelle, but they spent much time apart and eventually divorced. By the time he knew Judy Garland, he was living as a gay man.

Awards
Nominated:
 * Academy Award for Best Scoring, 1939: Babes in Arms, with Georgie Stoll
 * Academy Award for Best Scoring, 1940: Strike Up the Band, with Georgie Stoll
 * Academy Award for Best Song, 1940: "Our Love Affair" from Strike Up the Band (music and lyrics)
 * Academy Award for Best Scoring of a Musical Picture, 1942: For Me and My Gal (film), with Georgie Stoll
 * Academy Award for Best Song, 1947: "Pass That Peace Pipe" from Good News (music and lyrics) with Ralph Blane and Hugh Martin

Won:
 * Academy Award for Best Scoring of a Musical Picture, 1948: Easter Parade, with Johnny Green
 * Academy Award for Best Scoring of a Musical Picture, 1949: On the Town, with Lennie Hayton
 * Academy Award for Best Scoring of a Musical Picture, 1950: Annie Get Your Gun, with Adolph Deutsch

title: Roger Edens


text:
Murder of Hatun Sürücü

Hatun "Aynur" Sürücü (also spelled Hatun Sürücü; 17 January 1982, in West Berlin – 7 February 2005, in Berlin) was a Kurdish-Turkish woman living in Germany whose family was originally from Erzurum, Turkey. She was murdered at the age of 23 in Berlin, by her youngest brother, in an honor killing and sororicide. Sürücü had divorced the cousin she was forced to marry at the age of 16, and was reportedly dating a German man. Her murder inflamed a public debate over forced marriage in Muslim families.

Sürücü was sent to her ancestral village by her family and forced to marry a cousin there at the age of 16. She gave birth to a son, Can, in 1999. In October 1999, she fled her parents' home in Berlin, finding refuge in a home for underage mothers. She attended school, and had moved into her own apartment in the Tempelhof neighborhood of Berlin. At the time of her murder, she was at the end of her training to become an electrician.

Murder
On 7 February 2005, at a bus stop near her apartment, Sürücü was killed by three gunshots to the head. The police arrested three of her brothers on 14 February. After several weeks of news coverage, the media began to label the murder as an honour killing, since Sürücü had received threats and reported them to police before she was killed.

Prosecution
In July 2005, the Berlin Public Prosecutor's office charged Sürücü's brothers with her murder. On September 14, 2005, Ayhan Sürücü, the youngest brother, confessed to murdering his sister.

In April 2006, Ayhan was sentenced to nine years and three months in prison, and his two older brothers were acquitted of charges of conspiring to murder their sister. The prosecution appealed on a point of law at the Federal Court of Justice, the Bundesgerichtshof, immediately and the 5th criminal division of the Federal Court of Justice overturned the conviction and allowed a revision. A new criminal proceeding was to take place in August 2008.

After completing his sentence on July 4, 2014, Ayhan Sürücü was released from prison and deported from Germany to Turkey.

Public outrage
Sürücü's murder was the sixth incident of "honour" killing since October, 2004. On 22 February 2005, a vigil called by the Berlin Gay and Lesbian association was held at the scene of the crime, which was attended by about 100 Germans and Turks together. A second vigil, called for by German politicians and artists, was held on 24 February. Sürücü's murder and several similar cases in Germany and elsewhere in Europe were cited by political opponents of Turkey's admission to the European Union as an example of disregard for human rights in the Turkish culture. Sürücü was of Kurdish descent.

The Sürücü family's behaviour again sparked public outrage when Hatun's sister Arzu applied for custody of Hatun's six-year-old son Can, who had been living with a foster family in Berlin since the murder of his mother. Eight months later, the district court of Berlin-Tempelhof rejected the request. Arzu Sürücü appealed this decision, but the appeal was rejected.

The public continues to demonstrate for Hatun on the anniversary of her death. Activists and citizens lay wreaths in her memory and campaign for help for girls who are faced with forced marriage and honour-related violence. Giyasettin Sayan, a Kurdish politician, complained that no Kurdish representatives were invited to demonstrations after Sürücü's murder, saying, "we are all from Turkey, but we are not all Turks."

Legacy
A bridge in Neukölln, Berlin was named after the victim.

Die Fremde (When We Leave) was the first film released in 2010 inspired by the events.

A Regular Woman, a film made about the crime, was released in 2019.

title: Murder of Hatun Sürücü


text:
Yellowstone to Yukon Conservation Initiative

Yellowstone to Yukon Conservation Initiative or Y2Y is a transboundary Canada–United States not-for-profit organization that aims to connect and protect the 2,000 mi Yellowstone-to-Yukon region. Its mission proposes to maintain and restore habitat integrity and connectivity along the spine of North America's Rocky Mountains stretching from the Greater Yellowstone ecosystem to Canada's Yukon Territory. It is the only organization dedicated to securing the long-term ecological health of the region.

Since 1993, more than 450 partner groups have joined forces to support the shared mission and vision. Y2Y's work is a collaborative effort of conservation groups, government agencies, Indigenous governments, landowners, wildlife scientists, planners, businesses, economists, and other individuals and groups interested in protecting native wildlife, ecological processes, and wilderness in the Rocky Mountains of North America. Existing national, state, and provincial parks and wilderness areas anchor the system, while the creation of new protected and special management areas provide the additional cores and corridors needed to complete it. This network is built upon the principles of conservation biology, various focal species assessments, the knowledge of local and traditional residents, and the requirements for sustainable economies.

Mission
Connecting and protecting habitat from Yellowstone to Yukon so people and nature can thrive.

Primary role
To achieve its vision across 2,000 mi, Y2Y protects core wildlife habitats, keeps those habitats connected and inspires others to engage in similar work.

Y2Y highlights and focuses on local issues that have implications for the region as a whole. The organization engages in landscape-scale conservation, an approach that focuses on actions and management across large areas, such as entire watersheds.

The organization's role is to set the context for regional conservation work by providing the vision for a healthy Yellowstone to Yukon landscape, and to bring partners together to achieve as a network what cannot be done by any one group alone. The initiative proposes a system of wildlife corridors linking core protected reserves with buffer zones acting to further protect the system from industrial and urban development.

History
Between 1991 and 1993, Pluie, a wolf radio-collared in southern Alberta, was tracked as it traveled more than 100,000 square kilometers and covered an area 10 times the size of Yellowstone National Park and 15 times that of Banff National Park. Pluie crossed more than 30 different political jurisdictions (including three states, two provinces, private lands, and First Nation’s territories) before being shot and killed in a legal hunt south of Kootenay National Park in December 1995.

The scientific research Pluie's movements showed wildlife needed larger areas than biologists thought and pointed to a need to connect large sections of habitat along the spine of the Rocky Mountains as the best method to ensure there would be wildlife and wild spaces thriving into the future. Other animals such as lynx, cougars, golden eagles and bull trout have also been recorded traveling distances of more than 1,000 mi. These movements inspired people to reconsider the scale nature needs to thrive and also launched the formative idea behind Y2Y.

The Yellowstone-to-Yukon region is one of the most ambitious corridor projects on the North American continent. Since 1993 Yellowstone to Yukon's conservationists have supported wildlife crossings over and under highways, helped track wolverines and purchased more than 500,000 acres of land to preserve wildlife routes.

Yellowstone to Yukon Conservation Initiative's mission and model has inspired other similar collaborations including:
 * Algonquin to Adirondacks Collaborative to connect lands and people from Algonquin Provincial Park in Ontario, Canada to the Adirondacks in New York State
 * Great Eastern Ranges Initiative in Australia to connect reserves along 2,235 mi of the Great Eastern Ranges
 * Two Countries-One Forest to connect the Northern Appalachian-Acadian ecoregions of Canada and U.S.
 * Baja to Bering Marine Initiative between Baja, California and Bering Sea off the Pacific Coast of North America

Priorities
Working successfully over such a large transboundary landscape with a diversity of challenges and opportunities, Y2Y's mission demands a multi-pronged approach and engages on projects within the following eight themes:

 * 1) Private lands: works with willing property owners to secure land and maintain key connections for wildlife.
 * 2) Protected areas and public lands: identifies core habitat under risk of development and finds ways to protect it.
 * 3) Policy: Y2Y is a voice for the Yellowstone to Yukon region in advancing policies and practices that support the Yellowstone to Yukon vision.
 * 4) Transportation: helps make roads safer for both human travel and wildlife movement.
 * 5) Co-existence: supports education programs and tools that assist people to share space with wildlife.
 * 6) Appropriate development: assesses whether development is consistent with its vision and speaks out when it brings more damage than benefit.
 * 7) Habitat restoration: heals damaged forests and streams to increase the habitat available for wildlife.
 * 8) Promoting the vision: spreads its vision for a connected Yellowstone-to-Yukon landscape via its ever-growing networks.

In popular culture
The story of Pluie the wolf inspired a storyline on the television show The West Wing. The season 1 episode, The Crackpots and These Women, has a character played by Nick Offerman proposing the construction of an "1,800 mile wolves-only roadway" to White House Press Secretary C. J. Cregg.

Photography and media
A 2005 book by Karsten Heuer, Walking the Big Wild: From Yellowstone to the Yukon on the Grizzly Bears' Trail, detailed the wildlife biologist and park warden's 18-month journey with his dog from Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming to the Canadian Yukon by hiking, skiing, and paddling across mountains, forests, and rivers.

In 2011, Yellowstone to Yukon: the Journey of Wildlife and Art, a collaborative exhibition curated by the National Museum of Wildlife Art, the Whyte Museum of the Canadian Rockies, artist Dwayne Harty, cofounder Harvey Locke and the Yellowstone to Yukon Conservation Initiative featured images, art and stories from the Yellowstone-to-Yukon region, and was eventually published as a book.

A 2016 episode of Nova titled Wild Ways featured Y2Y's work and how newly established wildlife corridors offer hope to the planet's endangered species.


text:
Metsuke

Metsuke (目付) were the censors or the inspectors of Tokugawa shogunate. They were bakufu officials ranking somewhat lower than the bugyō. The metsuke were charged with the special duty of detecting and investigating instances of maladministration, corruption or disaffection anywhere in Japan, and particularly amongst the populace having status below the daimyō.

Intelligence gathering
The shogunate recognized the need for some kind of internal intelligence-gathering apparatus and for some degree of covert espionage within its own ranks. It could be said that the metsuke functioned as the Shogun's intelligence agency or as internal spies, reporting to the officials in Edo on events and situations across the country.

The metsuke were charged with focusing on those ranking below daimyō-status; and their counterparts, the ōmetsuke, were responsible for supervising the activities of officials and members of the daimyō (feudal lords).

Although similarly engaged, the reporting protocols of the metsuke and ōmetsuke differed. The metsuke reported to wakadoshiyori who ranked just below the rōjū. The ōmetsuke reported directly to the four or five rōjū at the top of the shogunate bureaucracy. By design, the intelligence-gathering activities of the metsuke was intended to complement those of the ōmetsuke even though there was no official reporting relationship between the two somewhat independent groups.

There were at any given time as many as twenty-four metsuke.

Oometsuke
The Oometsuke had the role of an inspector who monitored the daimyo, the high family, and the imperial court, and protected the shogunate from these rebellions. On December 17, 1632, in the ninth year of Kanei, four people were appointed: Akiyama Masashige, Mizuno Morinobu, Yagyu Munenori, and Inoue Masashige. Also, at the beginning of installation, it was called Sometsuki He was elected from among the banners, and was considered to be the highest rank in the positions of the bannermen, equivalent to the members of the Imperial Concubine, the Imperial Guard, and the head of the Daiban. And since he was a bannerman and monitored the Manseki class (daimyo), during his tenure, he was given the rank of manseki-class rokutaka on a par with the daimyo, and was ordained to the official rank of "○○ guard".

In the middle of the Edo period, the color of the messenger (the role of conveying the orders of the shogunate to the daimyo of the whole country) and the ceremonial officer in the palace (Edo Castle) became darker than the color of the conventional inspector, and it came to be regarded as an honorary or quiet position, and the hatamoto, who served as a town magistrate or account magistrate, became a position appointed in old age. In addition, he also served in five roles such as a magistrate on the road, a sōmon reform, and a gun reform].

The official height was 3000 koku, and in the shogunate, it was under the jurisdiction of the old man In the year following the inauguration of the service fee system in the 5th year of Kanbun (1665), the official salary was set at 1,000 bales. When the service fee system was abolished in the second year of Tenwa (1682), the official fee was added to the Chigyo High School as it was. In the 5th year of Genroku (1692), the service fee system was reinstated, and under the system at that time, the official height of the daimetsuke was set at 3,000 koku, and 700 bales were paid only to those who had a job height of 3,000 koku or less. The capacity is indefinite, 3 to 2 people in the Iemitsu-Ietsuna period, 4 to 3 people in the Tsunayoshi-Ieshige period, and 5 to 4 people in the Ieji-Iekei period, and the number of people installed also changed due to the new construction of kake]. Ōmetsuke, who also served as a magistrate along the way, was the first of the ranks, and was in a position to represent the shogun, as was the case with the Kyoto shojidai and Osaka jodai.

Ad hoc evolution
The bureaucracy of the Tokugawa shogunate expanded on an ad hoc basis, responding to perceived needs and changing circumstances. Sometimes one or more of the metsuke or ōmetsuke would have been selected to address a specific or even a unique problem. For example, Arao Norimasa in the period from 1852 through 1854 was charged with special duties as kaibo-gakari-metsuke.

The prefix kaibō-gakari meaning "in charge of maritime defense" was used with the titles of some bakufu officials after 1845. This term was used to designate those who bore a special responsibility for overseeing coastal waters, and by implication, for dealing with matters involving foreigners. "Kaibō-gakari-metsuke" later came to be superseded by the term gaikoku-gakari. These developments preceded the Gaikoku bugyō system which began just prior to the negotiations which resulted in the Harris Treaty. First appointed in August 1858, the gaikoku-bugyō were bakufu officials who were charged with advising the government on foreign affairs and who were tasked with conducting negotiations with foreign diplomats both in Japan and abroad.

In popular culture
The post of metsuke was, of course, not immune to corruption, and sometimes the conduct of these officials could be affected by bribes. For example, the televised jidaigeki episodes of Abarenbō Shōgun are rife with petty corruption, including a broad range of officials across the span of television seasons.

Metsuke also appear as persecutors of Japanese Christians in the film Silence (2016).

In the video game Total War: Shogun 2, metsuke are agents tasked with imprisoning or executing operatives of enemy clans, particularly ninja, as well as with overseeing settlements to increase internal security and improve tax collection.

List of metsuke

 * Matsudaira Chikano (1841–1844)
 * Ido Staohiro (1842–1845)
 * Arao Narimasa (1852–1854)
 * Nagai Naomune (1853–1858)
 * Iwase Tadanari (1854–1858)
 * Oguri Tadamasa (1859–1860)
 * Ikeda Nagaaki (1862–1863, 1863)
 * Kawada Hiroshi (1864)
 * Kurimoto Sebei (1864–1865)

title: Metsuke


text:
User talk:Mr.Hendriks

Welcome
Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Karmafist 18:39, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

No thanks
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! We welcome and appreciate your contributions, such as Denelectro, Image:Cl ga about 12.jpg, Glen Abbey Golf Club, Lake Joseph, Thomas McBroom and Rocky Crest, but we regretfully cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from either web sites or printed material. For more information about Wikipedia's policies and guidelines, take a look at our Five Pillars. Happy editing! —Cryptic (talk) 01:33, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mr.Hendriks


text: Talk:Ear-Resistible

title: Talk:Ear-Resistible


text: User talk:71.96.6.90

title: User talk:71.96.6.90


text:
Theodore William Dwight

Theodore William Dwight (1822–1892) was an American jurist and educator, cousin of Theodore Dwight Woolsey and of Timothy Dwight V.

Biography
Theodore William Dwight was born in Catskill, New York on July 18, 1822. His father was Benjamin Woolsey Dwight (1780–1850), a physician and merchant, and his grandfather was Timothy Dwight IV (1752–1817), a prominent theologian, educator, author, and president of Yale University from 1795-1817. Theodore Dwight graduated from Hamilton College in 1840. He also later studied physics under Samuel F.B. Morse and John William Draper.

Dwight taught classics at Utica Academy in 1840–1841. He studied law at Yale and was admitted to the bar in 1845. Between 1842-1858, he taught at Hamilton, first as tutor and later as professor of law, history, civil polity, and political economy. In 1853 he became dean of the Hamilton Law School.

In 1858, he accepted an invitation to develop a department of law at Columbia. In 1860, the New York State Legislature passed a law allowing graduates of the program to bypass the bar exam and be seated to the New York Bar. However, this was declared unconstitutional by state court judges a decision that was appealed by Professor Dwight. By 1864, graduates of the program could be admitted to the bar without further examination.

Dwight was the sole professor of law at Columbia until the department was expanded in 1873, eventually becoming Columbia Law School. He served as the dean at Columbia Law School until 1891. That year, he and other faculty, students, and alumni protested the Columbia trustees' attempts to convert the law school to the case method, and left to found New York Law School. At Columbia, Dwight was the creator of the Dwight method of legal instruction, which emphasized memorization of treatises, practice drills, and frequent moot courts. The Dwight method was in competition with the case method developed by Christopher Columbus Langdell, then Dean of Harvard, which emphasized the study of individual cases, and inductive reasoning. As described by Columbia Professor Peter L. Strauss, "Where Dwight aimed to give a sound knowledge of the law to men of average ability, Harvard's case method aimed to give as much intellectual stimulation as possible to those who would become the profession's elite." Today, the more abstract case method dominates legal education, even at New York Law School. However, the Dwight method, while not described as such, is still used in some law schools. Dwight-like memorization techniques are also widely used to prepare for state bar exams.

A Republican, Dwight was also a prominent figure in political and social reforms. In 1873, Governor John Dix appointed Dwight a member of the commission of appeals, which in 1874–1875 aided the New York Court of Appeals to clear its docket. In 1886, he served as counsel for five Andover Theological Seminary professors charged with heresy. Dwight was particularly interested in prison reform; he collaborated on A Report on Prisons and Reformatories in the United States and Canada (1867), served as president of the New York Prison Association, and was a delegate to the International Prison Congress at Stockholm in 1878. He helped draw up the bill for the establishment of the Elmira Reformatory and wrote an early report that helped lead to the organization the State Charities Aid Association.

Dwight edited Sir Henry Maine's Ancient Law; was associate editor of the American Law Register and legal editor of Johnson's Cyclopaedia; and published Charitable Uses: Argument in the Rose Will Case (1863). He was a non-resident professor of law at Cornell (1869–1871) and at Amherst (1870–1872). Dwight was also a president of the University Club of New York from 1865 to 1867.

Dwight died in Clinton, New York, on June 18, 1892. He died while in the act of signing his will. Because he had not finished writing his signature by the time he died, the will was not enforced.

title: Theodore William Dwight


text:
File:Temptations-show.jpg

Summary
The Temptations Show

title: File:Temptations-show.jpg


text:
Talk:Luis de Milán

Untitled
This entry should probably be called "Luis Milán" (without the "de"). The "de" seems to be a 20th century accretion.

There already is a (very rudimentary) Wikipedia entry for "Luis Milán." I would recommend moving or renaming the material found here so that it appears under the heading without the "de" and under the entry entitled "Luis de Milán" have only a cross-reference to the full entry.

Daniel Heiman

 * Thanks for noticing, and for clarifying the vihuela de mano. I notice that Grove has the entry under Luys Milán.  In addition there are a number of more recent sources referenced in their article with which this article should be updated.  Cheers, Antandrus  (talk) 18:44, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I see what happened now. The 1980 Grove (which I used to write the original draft) calls him Luis de Milán, and calls El Maestro the first collection of guitar music; both issues are clarified in the online, current Grove.  Antandrus  (talk) 18:47, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Luis de Milán. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110517103735/http://bibliotecadigitalhispanica.bne.es/R/-?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=201461&current_base=GEN01 to http://bibliotecadigitalhispanica.bne.es/R/-?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=201461&current_base=GEN01

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 12:40, 20 December 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Luis de Milán


text:
Gerry Hutch

Gerard Hutch (born 11 April 1963) is an Irish criminal. He was the prime suspect for two of the biggest armed robberies in Irish history. Known for leading a "disciplined, ascetic lifestyle" since leaving prison in 1985, he was nicknamed "The Monk" by investigative journalist Veronica Guerin. Hutch is also the leader of the organized crime group the Hutch Gang, and was charged but acquitted of the murder of David Byrne.

Robberies
Born in central Dublin on 11 April 1963, his criminal career began at the age of 10. At some point in the 1970s, Hutch joined the Bugsy Malone Gang of inner city youngsters (named for the Bugsy Malone film), which he later led, and whose crimes included "jump-overs" - jumping over bank counters, grabbing cash and running.

He was later part of a gang involved in major robberies and received many convictions between 1970 and 1983 intermittently spending time in prison. His gang was said to have amassed an estimated IR£40 million from a series of bank robberies, jewellery heists, and fraud scams spanning almost eight years.

Hutch admitted to being a "convicted criminal" in a 2008 interview with The Independent, but insisted that he made his money through property deals, not crime.

Murder charges
In April 2021, he became the subject of a European Arrest Warrant as Gardaí said they had enough evidence to charge him with murder in connection with the shooting of David Byrne. The EAW was issued after the Director for Public Prosecutions moved that he be charged with murder and tried before the Special Criminal Court. He is also likely to face other charges, such as attempted murder and possession of firearms. An investigation file was submitted by Garda detectives based in Ballymun to the DPP late in 2020. He was arrested in Spain in August 2021.

Extradition and charge
On 29 September 2021 he was extradited to Ireland, flown in a military CASA 235 from Madrid to Casement Aerodrome by the Irish Defence Forces. He was then taken to the Criminal Courts of Justice under armed Garda escort where he was charged with the murder of David Byrne before the Special Criminal Court. He was remanded in custody until 15 October at 10:30am. Other co-accused are to stand trial on 3 October 2022 and the state solicitor asked that he come in on that date, to which the three judges agreed.

Both Hutch and Jonathan Dowdall, who is also charged with the murder, claimed in judicial review before the High Court that trial before the Special Criminal Court would be unlawful and a breach of their fundamental rights because the court was acting as a permanent institution after being established on a temporary basis. These were dismissed by Mr Anthony Barr, who ruled that the legislation was neither temporary nor had any temporal limit. Both Hutch and Dowdall sought leave to appeal the High Court decision to the Supreme Court. On 5 May 2022 a panel reserved judgement in both cases. After a request from counsel for the Attorney General, the case was adjourned until 1 July 2022, pending the Supreme Court decision.

The trial began in October 2022.

On 17 April 2023, Hutch was found not guilty.

On 21 April 2023, an investigator with the Garda Síochána Ombudsman Commission resigned after allegations the officer had attended the same party as Hutch on the 19 April.

Legal issues
In 1999, in the course of court proceedings brought against Hutch by the Irish state's anti-money laundering agency, the Criminal Assets Bureau (CAB), Detective Chief Superintendent Felix McKenna stated that Hutch had been involved in the IR£1.7 million robbery of an armoured van at Marino Mart in January 1987 and the £3 million armed robbery of a Brinks Allied Security Depot in Clonshaugh, County Dublin, in 1995, which had been the largest cash robbery in the State at the time.

Hutch eventually reached an £1.2m settlement with the CAB to "cover back taxes and interest for a nine-year period".

Hutch has also been awarded money from legal actions in Irish courts. These included £8,500 won from Securicor Ireland in June 1991, £2,000 from the Sunday Tribune newspaper in a libel action and around £26,000 won in legal actions against the Irish state.

In 2014, Hutch's Wikipedia article was one of the first pages requested for removal under the European Union's Right to be Forgotten Act. This required search engines, such as Google, to remove links to the Wikipedia article from their search results. The Wikimedia Foundation does not know who requested this removal. Wikipedia founder Jimmy Wales described the act as "deeply immoral".

Film and television
Hutch is depicted in the film Veronica Guerin, played by Alan Devine. It is based on the life of the late Irish journalist Veronica Guerin who had interviewed him.

Hutch appeared on RTÉ's Prime Time programme in March 2008 where he was interviewed about his life and criminal career. Hutch denied any criminal activity, since his last prison sentence, other than tax evasion.

Hutch was the subject of investigation in the Irish TV3 channel's television series, Dirty Money. Episode 5, which aired March 2008 was solely devoted to the assets seized by the CAB from Hutch and the threat to seize assets from his family.

Family and personal life
Gerry Hutch is the leader of the Hutch Gang, an organized crime group that includes members of his family. He is an uncle of Gary Hutch, who was shot dead in September 2015 near Marbella, Andalusia, Spain. His brother Eddie Hutch Snr. was shot dead in North Strand Dublin in February 2016. These killings are part of the Hutch-Kinahan feud between Hutch and the rival Kinahan family.

In 1998 he was a founding member of the Corinthians Boxing Club in Dublin and has served as treasurer for the club. The club has a full gym and a boxing ring. The latter was donated by film director Jim Sheridan after making the film The Boxer.

After the CAB settlement in 1999, Hutch applied for and was granted a taxi licence, and set up the limousine service Carry Any Body. The name is a humorous reference to the Criminal Assets Bureau. He has featured in the Irish media as he has driven celebrities including Mike Tyson on their visits to Ireland.

title: Gerry Hutch


text:
Talk:Mid-ocean ridge

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Lydia.c.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 04:05, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Questions
Diagram showing mantle convection is totally misleading. Mid-ocean ridges do not lie over upwellings from the core-mantle boundary. The current theory is that convection is driven by plate motion. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Dgeist1 (talk • contribs) 17:35, 1 November 2010 (UTC)

Moving away from the mid-ocean ridge, ocean depth progressively increases until it reaches ocean trenches.

That's not always true. Atlantic ocean basin has passive margins, most of it has no subduction zones. Siim 18:41, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

The area around the mid-ocean ridge is dominated by volcanic basalts

What is volcanic basalt? Siim 18:41, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

'...total length of the system is 80,000 kilometers (50,000 mi)'

Maybe I've missed something, but that's larger than the circumference of the Earth by a good deal (ie nearly double), so can this figure be right?
 * It depends a bit on how you measure it, but it is certainly at least 55,000 km in total length for the entire system, and perhaps as much as the article says. (note the figure is for the total system, not just the "Mid Atlantic Ridge" for example) It winds its way around so much, and has multiple segments, it is pretty easy to come up with such a total. See the map at Plate tectonics. Cheers Geologyguy 15:28, 30 November 2007 (UTC)

Removed section
I removed this section, mainly because I don't quite know how to clean them up.

 * The process responsible for the formation of new mid-ocean ridges (the transition from rift valley to mid-ocean ridge) is not fully understood, however the Red Sea is an example of where the Gulf of Suez to the north is though to represent the earliest stages of the mid-ocean ridge seen in the Southern Red Sea. Similarly, the northern Red Sea is thought to show the stage in between the Gulf of Suez and the Southern Red Sea.

If anyone can figure out what they mean, exactly, feel free to replace them. -- Joyous! | Talk 04:40, 5 June 2006 (UTC)

Inconsistency in movement rate
There is an inconsistancy betweeb this page and the one on mid-Atlantic ridge - this page says the movement is 10mm per year (each side?) and the mid-Atlantic page says the Atlantic is growing by 50-60mm year. Any one know the right figure?

Kert01 10:34, 18 August 2006 (UTC)

 * North Atlantic 10 mm whereas south Atlantic is the faster rate. The whole ridge is not spreading at a fixed or constant rate. Don't see a reference for either number though. Vsmith 11:34, 18 August 2006 (UTC)

What makes a ridge?
I think having a disclaimer is a bad idea. Instead, if these ridges are actually not Mid-ocean ridges, we could simply remove them from the article, especailly beacuse they are mostly all red-linked anyway.-Andrew c 04:02, 7 June 2007 (UTC)
 * It would be fine with me to remove them - I was just not feeling bold enough... The ones I marked are not spreading centers in the sense of this article. They are eveything from hot-spot tracks to continental fragments.  Cheers Geologyguy 14:20, 7 June 2007 (UTC)

Proposed Rename
This article should be renamed for several reasons. First, many if not most such ridges are not "mid ocean". The feature off the Pacific Northwest is practically on the coast. Second, many are barely ridges. Third, there are oceanic ridges that are not spreading centers at all. I propose that the article be re-named "Oceanic spreading center". Tmangray (talk) 17:24, 22 April 2008 (UTC)

 * On second thought, the current name is the one most commonly encountered. However, I do think that the points I made ought to be discussed in the text, if they are not already.  I will create a redirect from Oceanic spreading center to this article. Tmangray (talk) 17:55, 22 April 2008 (UTC)

 * I agree with both of your thoughts - "Oceanic spreading center" is certainly more correct, but "mid-ocean ridge" is in far more common usage, including in the professional literature. Cheers Geologyguy (talk) 19:25, 22 April 2008 (UTC)

Revision needed - will do this myself if/when I find time

 * Formation Processes is confusing and needs work to bring it up-to-date
 * 1) Slab pull is the driving force: ridge push doesn't contribute (it's a reaction to slab pull pulling the rift apart)
 * 2) Confusion between formation of new crust by adiabatic decompression melting of mantle and the traction between the mantle lithosphere and the plastic upper mantle

Also, a generally better picture of ridges should be here, including (1) a diffusional profile of lithosphere thickness with distance from the ridge, and (2) description of the technical "mid-ocean ridge / spreading center" and the "ridges" that are the result of hot-spot tracks. Awickert (talk) 02:30, 27 September 2008 (UTC)
 * Hello. I just added a new discussion section where I propose major revisions. Please take a look. BrucePL (talk) 20:02, 5 June 2019 (UTC)

MORB
"MORB" (Mid-oceanic ridge basalt) should probably redirect to the Basalt article, where it has its own sub-point, instead of here. I don't know how to do this or I'd do it myself. Regards — Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.16.209.188 (talk) 15:09, 25 May 2012 (UTC)

Article revision proposed
I want to make a series of edits to this article in the coming weeks to upgrade its content and accuracy. Significant content is out of date or incorrect. I want to revise the lead, figure 1, and the sections on volcanism, morphology, formation, global system, spreading rates etc. I would also like to reorganize the order of the sections. My plan is to work in increments editing one section at a time to gauge reaction from editors. I am a postgraduate marine geologist and retired UCSB professor. I am working with a colleague Kenneth C. Macdonald, who has published several peer-reviewed comprehensive articles on mid-ocean ridges, some of which appear in the current citations. Comments on my proposed plan are of course welcome. BrucePL (talk) 20:00, 5 June 2019 (UTC)
 * Can I just add that over a year ago I 'adopted' under WP:AAU, and, as his talk page will show, I have been supporting him as an an academic expert in how best to improve Wikipedia and share his expertise for the benefit of users. We are both keen to work collaboratively to that end. Nick Moyes (talk) 08:51, 6 June 2019 (UTC)
 * I welcome this proposal and I look forward to reading the changes. GeoWriter (talk) 13:10, 6 June 2019 (UTC)

Formation processes
This section needs a lot of revision. I cleared up the erroneous explanation of ridge push. Now what's left are three topics: mantle convection, seafloor spreading, and marine magnetic anomalies. Mantle convection is wrong. This is an old, outdated idea. The discussion of spreading rates is redundant with sections above and should be deleted here. The discussion of magnetic anomalies is more suited to the page on seafloor spreading. This should be removed also, or a link-back used to replace it. BrucePL (talk) 22:05, 12 July 2019 (UTC)

cooling mantle half-space model
I propose moving a section of the article Seafloor spreading that deals with the mathematical model of a cooling mantle half-space, to this page; the MOR article. See; Seafloor spreading § Sea floor global topography: half-space model. The reason for me is that the treatment directly predicts the depths and profile of the MOR. On the SFS article page, I would put a link to the section on the MOR page. On the SFS talk page, you can read an exchange I had with the author of that half-space section Dan Gluck. He is fine with the move. Comments? BrucePL (talk) 17:37, 18 September 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Mid-ocean ridge


text:
Land's End (disambiguation)

Land's End is a headland on the Penwith peninsula, located near Penzance in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom.

Lands' End is a clothing retailer.

Land's End, Lands End, or Lands' End may also refer to:

United States

 * Land's End Plantation (Scott, Arkansas), listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP)
 * Lands End, San Francisco, a park in San Francisco, California
 * Land's End Observatory, Whitewater, Colorado, NRHP-listed
 * Land's End Plantation (Stonewall, Louisiana), NRHP-listed
 * Land's End (Hertford, North Carolina), a plantation house in the NRHP
 * Lands End, Naxera, Virginia, in the National Register of Historic Places listings in Gloucester County, Virginia
 * Lands End Road Tabby Ruins, Frogmore, South Carolina, in the National Register of Historic Places listings in Beaufort County, South Carolina
 * Land's End Wildlife Management Area, a protected area located in King George County, Virginia
 * Land's End, Newport, Rhode Island, summer cottage of Edith Wharton

Other places

 * Land's End, aka Rescue Camp, the southeastern tip of King William Island, in arctic Canada
 * Land's End, Bandra, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
 * El Arco de Cabo San Lucas or Lands End, Cabo San Lucas, Mexico
 * Cape Finisterre (Fisterra or Finisterra : Latin for Land's End), headland in Galicia, northwest Spain, the Southern landfall of the Bay of Biscay
 * Fisterra (comarca), comarca (county) in A Coruña, Galicia
 * Fisterra, municipality in the comarca
 * Finistère, department of France, the Northern landfall of the Bay of Biscay
 * Kanyakumari, the southernmost town in mainland India, it is sometimes referred to as 'The Land's End'.
 * Land's End Airport, in Cornwall, United Kingdom

Art, entertainment, and media

 * Land's End (album), a 1974 album by Jimmy Webb
 * Land's End (novel), a 1988 novel by Jack Williamson and Frederik Pohl
 * Land's End (play), a 1935 play by F. L. Lucas
 * Land's End (TV series), a 1995 television series starring Fred Dryer
 * The Birds II: Land's End (1994), a horror film

title: Land's End (disambiguation)


text: Template:Saratoga County, New York

title: Template:Saratoga County, New York


text:
Talk:Shaurya Chakra

Precedence
The maint ext of the article contradicts the precedence information in the navbar. The main text says that Kirti chakra is the next highest award.

Untitled
Since the stipends of the Govt of India and the Govt of J&K are mentioned, it may be appropriate to mention incentives offered by other State Governments and the Railways (they are provided a free 2nd AC pass along with one accompanying passenger - I'd put it in, but have no source. I know the pass exists cause I have traveled on it...) Saurabh.jaywant (talk) 16:22, 20 May 2009 (UTC)

Proposed merge of Debashish Sethy into Shaurya Chakra
This information would be a perfect fit for the recipients table. Gusfriend (talk) 22:30, 19 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Closing, given the objection below and no support, with stale discussion. Klbrain (talk) 11:46, 1 January 2023 (UTC)

Proposed merge of Sudhir Kumar Tudu into Shaurya Chakra
The information on this page would be perfect for the recipients section on Shaurya Chakra Gusfriend (talk) 22:34, 19 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Closing, given the deletion of the other page. Klbrain (talk) 11:46, 1 January 2023 (UTC)

Proposed merge of Arun Kumar Pandey into Shaurya Chakra
This page seems suited to being merged into Shaurya Chakra as it is about their award of that medal. The section "Recipients" would be a good place for this information. Gusfriend (talk) 22:36, 19 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Closing, given the deletion of the other page. Klbrain (talk) 11:46, 1 January 2023 (UTC)

Proposed merge of Anuj Sood into Shaurya Chakra
Suitable for Shaurya Chakra article in the recipients section. Gusfriend (talk) 04:04, 20 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Closing, given the objection below and no support, with stale discussion. Klbrain (talk) 11:46, 1 January 2023 (UTC)

Criteria for list inclusion
The list of awardees indicates that there are currently 2122 recipients of this award. Should we include all of them on this list? If not, what are the criteria for inclusion? Including over two thousand biographies on one single page is not technically practical. Before 6 June 2021 there was no list, and the editor who added the list was indefinitely blocked for sock puppetry. Years before that, another editor's addition of the list was reverted as a copyright violation and that editor was also indefinitely blocked for "Numerous editing problems, including Copyright violations and competence issues". I'm not sure we should even try to duplicate the list which is on the gallantryawards.gov.in website. The bios of two of the four men you proposed for merge above were deleted as they are only notable for being awarded the Shaurya Chakra and there is some question as to whether the award itself gives notability to each of its recipients. – wbm1058 (talk) 15:47, 30 October 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Shaurya Chakra


text:
User:Tima47

Tima47 is loquacious, a capricious moonstruck seraph.

title: User:Tima47


text: User talk:82.43.129.133

title: User talk:82.43.129.133


text:
Angela Williams (sprinter, born 1980)

Angela Williams (born January 30, 1980, in Bellflower, California) is an American athlete. Williams attended the University of Southern California, graduating in 2002. She won the Honda Sports Award as the nation's best female track and field competitor in 2002, which qualified her as a nominee for the Honda-Broderick Cup, awarded to the best overall female collegiate athlete in 12 sports. She was named the winner of that award also in 2002.

Starting for the American national team in 2001, she won a silver medal in the 60 metres competition at the 2001 IAAF World Indoor Championships. She later repeated the event at the 2003 Indoor Championships, but was upgraded to gold winner after Zhanna Block was disqualified for doping. At the 2003 World Championships in Athletics she won silver in the 4 x 100 m relay, along with teammates Chryste Gaines, Inger Miller, and Torri Edwards. Williams also competed in the 4 x 100 metres relay at the 2004 Summer Olympics, with the American team easily winning in the first heat but not being able to finish in the final. In 2002, Angela Williams became the first person to win four consecutive individual NCAA titles in the 100m. In 1999, she won in 11.04 at the age of 19. In 2000, she clocked 11.12, 11.05w in 2001 and 11.29 in 2002.

Williams represented the United States at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. She competed at the 4x100 metres relay together with Mechelle Lewis, Torri Edwards and Lauryn Williams. In their first round heat they were disqualified and eliminated from the final.

Williams had a stellar career as a youth athlete, setting the still currently ratified American records in the 100 meters, for age 9–10, 11–12, and 15–16, along with the 11–12 record for 200 meters.

Williams attended Chino High School and won the CIF California State Championships in the 100 metres in 1997 and 1998. Her 11.10 1998 winning time was the top mark of the twentieth century, beating Marion Jones. She also won the 200 metres in 1998 In 1997 and 1998 she was named the national Girl's "High School Athlete of the Year" by Track & Field News. She was the fourth female, and the fourth female California sprinter, to receive the honor twice.

Williams was inducted into the USTFCCCA Collegiate Athlete Hall of Fame in 2024.

title: Angela Williams (sprinter, born 1980)


text:
La Corbière

La Corbière (Jèrriais: La Corbiéthe) is the extreme south-western point of Jersey in St. Brélade. The name means "a place where crows gather", deriving from the word corbîn meaning crow. However, seagulls have long since displaced the crows from their coastal nesting sites.

The rocks and extreme tidal variation around this stretch of Jersey's coast have been treacherous for navigation and La Corbière has been the scene of many shipwrecks, including that of the mail packet "Express" on 20 September 1859.

Monument
Sited on the headland overlooking the lighthouse is a monument sculpted by Derek Tristram and erected in April 1997, to commemorate a rescue that took place. The accompanying plaque describes the event:

 * "During the morning of Monday April 17th 1995 whilst on passage from Jersey to Sark, the French catamaran "Saint-Malo" struck a rock known as La Frouquie, 900 metres north of La Corbière Lighthouse. Visibility was good at the time, but with a spring tide ebbing to the west and a westerly Force 5 wind, the sea conditions near Corbière were moderate to rough."

 * "Emergency services responded promptly and nearby ships gave assistance. All 307 passengers and crew were saved from the partially submerged vessel."

 * "This memorial is erected in thanksgiving and as a tribute to the rescue, which with the help of God and of many strong arms, ensured the safe return of all on board."

La Corbière was formerly the western terminus of the Jersey Railway line from Saint Helier. The first through train ran from Saint Helier to La Corbière on 5 August 1885. The service was unable to compete against motor buses and the railway closed in 1935. The States of Jersey purchased the railway track on 1 April 1937, and created a trail now known as the Railway Walk, linking La Corbière and Saint Aubin for pedestrians and cyclists. During the German military occupation 1940-45, the Germans re-established light railways for the purpose of supplying coastal fortifications. A one-metre gauge line was laid down following the route of the former Jersey Railway from Saint Helier to La Corbière, with a branch line connecting the stone quarry at Ronez in Saint John. The German railway infrastructure was dismantled after the Liberation in 1945, but other German fortifications remain, besides the communications tower, and can be seen around the headland.

The former railway platform can still be seen at the end of the Railway Walk at La Corbière and just opposite on the other side of the trail is La Table des Marthes, a megalith. The table-like stone was used historically as a meeting place for the witnessing of contracts and it is conjectured that the name is a corruption of la table des martyres ("martyr" being intended in its meaning of "witness"). Other theories have been put forward to explain the name and purpose of this stone.

Lighthouse
The lighthouse is situated on a rock that is a tidal island. A causeway links the lighthouse to shore at low tide. There is an alarm to warn visitors to clear the causeway as the tide rises; still, there have been casualties among the unwary or unlucky. A plaque adjacent to the causeway commemorates Peter Edwin Larbalestier, assistant keeper of the lighthouse, who was drowned on 28 May 1946, while trying to rescue a visitor cut off by the incoming tide.

The lighthouse tower is 19 m (62 ft) high and the lamp stands 36 m (119 ft) above high water spring tides. It was lit on 24 April 1874, for the first time, and was the first lighthouse in the British Isles to be built of concrete. The lighthouse was built to designs by Sir John Coode. The beam has a reach of 18 nmi, and was automated in 1976.

The lighthouse at La Corbière is one of the most photographed landmarks in Jersey and is a popular tourist site for its panoramic views. In the evenings the surrounding area provides an ideal viewing point for sunsets.

The lighthouse at La Corbière features on the Jersey 5 pound note (see Jersey pound) and the Jersey 20 pence piece (see coins of the Jersey pound)
 * Numismatics

Culture
The prominence of La Corbière, especially for travellers by sea for whom rounding the rocky waters around the headland often means the roughest part of the journey from Guernsey or England but also the consolation that the boat is entering the final straight towards the harbour of St. Helier, has led to several proverbial expressions in Jèrriais:

 * j'avons pâssé La Corbiéthe (we've passed La Corbière, i.e. the worst is over)
 * il a pâssé hardi dg'ieau l'tou d'La Corbiéthe (a lot of water has passed round La Corbière, i.e. that's water under the bridge)

MP2 tower
At the top of the headland is a range-finding tower that the German occupying forces built during the Second World War. At that time they camouflaged it with paint to give it an appearance similar to an 18th-century granite round tower.

The tower has 7 floors, including the top floor, which was an originally the flat roof. The top floor is now enclosed with a new roof and glazing. It provides a 360° view out over Jersey's south-west tip.

In 1976 the States' Harbours and Ports Committee added a glassed-in control room where a duty officer could monitor the radio communications of vessels in the English Channel. This lasted until 2004. Since then, Jersey Heritage has turned it into a self-catering accommodation with full facilities that one may rent as holiday accommodation. This is the only German tower in the Channel Islands that is now a self-catering apartment.

title: La Corbière


text:
User:Connor Wolf

Connor Wolf's favorite color is purple.

title: User:Connor Wolf