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Shaun Tomson

Shaun Tomson (born 21 August 1955) is a South African professional surfer and former world champion, environmentalist, actor, author, and businessman. He has been listed among the top 10 surfers of the century, and was the 1977 World Surfing Champion.

Life and career
Tomson was born in Durban, South Africa, and is Jewish. As a Jewish athlete, he was inducted into the International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame in 1995. He learned to surf in the beachbreaks in and around Durban under the watchful eye of his father Ernie, and alongside older cousin Michael Tomson and brother Paul Tomson.

Tomson attended school in Durban - Clifton Preparatory, Carmel College, and the University of Natal, where he received a Bachelor of Commerce degree majoring in Business Finance. He graduated from Northeastern University with a Master of Science in Leadership with a focus on social change. Tomson went on to dominate amateur surfing competition in South Africa and began venturing over to Hawaii in the late 1960s, courtesy of a bar mitzvah present from his father. It was on one of these trips that an awestruck 14-year-old Tomson witnessed first hand the so-called "Biggest Wave Ever Ridden" by Californian Greg Noll at Mākaha in 1969. Hawaii's surf proved to be a daunting challenge for Tomson, but he continued to mature and train in South Africa's hollow waves, such as Cave Rock, the Bay of Plenty, and Jeffrey's Bay.

Tomson won 19 major professional surf events, has been listed as one of the 25 most influential surfers of the century and as one of the 10 greatest surfers of all time. During his career he was both the youngest and oldest surfer to win a pro event, and is considered to be one of the architects of professional surfing.

Surfing and the Free Ride generation
In 1975, Tomson was an integral part of the "Free Ride" generation. Along with Australians Wayne Bartholomew, Mark Richards, Ian Cairns, Peter Townend, and Mark Warren, they rode the infamous waves along Oahu's legendary North Shore with a style, aggression, and raw courage unseen prior to their arrival. Collectively, these surfers changed the face of surfing and were the first to really apply themselves as serious professional surfers. With his good looks, eloquence, and undeniable athleticism, Tomson served by default as the face and voice of this movement and he is still viewed as the prototype blueprint for today's pro surfer, with legions of fans throughout the world. Tomson won the highly coveted International Professional Surfers World Championship in 1977.

On a performance level, Tomson completely changed the way the tube section of the wave was ridden, using a unique style of pumping and weaving through and around collapsing sections of the barrel. Even today, his electrifying performances at Off the Wall and Backdoor Pipeline stand the test of time. A memorable quote of his from the period was, "Time is expanded inside the tube." A very underrated aspect of Tomson's inventiveness was his in the tube punch throughs where he escaped unscathed from hideous closeout sections over a shallow reef.

In film
Tomson has appeared in many films, including Free Ride, Fantasea, Many Classic Moments, and In God's Hands. Tomson also co-produced an award-winning full-length feature film about the benchmark mid-1970s surfing era called Bustin' Down the Door, which premiered in early 2008. He also wrote and narrated a documentary about Jeffreys Bay called A Pure Line.

Books and digital media
Tomson is the author of the best-selling Surfer's Code – 12 Simple lessons for riding through life and the #1 Amazon teen bestseller: The Code - The Power of I Will. He also authored Bustin' Down the Door – Revolution of '75, a companion to the film of the same name and Krazy Kreatures – Under my Surfboard!, a collection of illustrated rhymes for children. In 2022, he released The Surfer and the Sage with Familius Publishing.

Tomson has released 3 iPhone/iPad applications – Surfboards, a reference guide for surfboards; Surfer – a digital form of Surfer's Code and Surf Creatures, animated rhymes for children.

Environmentalism
Tomson is a board member and ambassador for Surfrider Foundation, the world's largest environmental group dedicated to protecting the world's oceans, waves, and beaches. In 1984 he was the first professional surfer to become a member of the foundation and was chairman of the advisory board. In 2002 he received the Surf Industry Manufacturer Association Environmentalist of the Year Award for his environmental efforts. Tomson also co-founded and remains affiliated with the environmentally active celebrity surfer organization Project Save Our Surf.

Business
Tomson founded, managed, and sold two multi-million market-leading clothing brands – Instinct in the 1980s, and Solitude in the 1990s.

He is currently an inspirational speaker for some of the world's largest companies and talks about the influence of positive values on success in life and business based on his own experiences of overcoming seemingly insurmountable challenges, in and out of the surf. An attitude of Commitment and Positivity is the basis for Tomson's empowering business philosophy based on his "Surfer's Code – 12 Simple Lessons for Riding through Life". He has spoken internationally and inspired and touched the hearts of audiences as large as 3,000 people, has shared the stage with well-known personalities, including Sir Richard Branson and Malcolm Gladwell, and inspired corporations such as General Motors, Cisco, Price Waterhouse, Toys R Us, Sasol, Disney, Google, Primedia, MTN and Adcock Ingram.

Accolades
In 2014 Tomson was inducted into the Southern California Jewish Sports Hall of Fame. He has also been inducted into the Huntington Beach Surfing Walk of Fame (1997), the International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame (1998), the South African Sports Hall of Fame (1977), and received the SIMA Environmentalist of the Year Award (2002) and the Surfrider Lifetime Achievement Award (2009).

Personal life
The Tomsons' son Mathew died at 15 years of age on 24 April 2006 in Durban, South Africa, from an accidental death caused by playing the "choking game."

Tomson lives with his wife in Montecito, California, in Santa Barbara, California, and surfs daily.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Shaun Tomson


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Yellowikis (1st nomination)

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was keep. Woohookitty 04:42, 22 September 2005 (UTC)

Yellowikis
It's a wiki that works like the yellow pages. I noticed it because a new user was adding links to it in various places, but this site doesn't seem particularly notable. 30k googles, in existence since last january, and most importantly it only has 42 users and about 200 article pages. Radiant_ >|< 09:16, September 2, 2005 (UTC)

 * Abstain - Not sure where my vote stands as of this time! UniReb 12:28, 2 September 2005 (UTC
 * Userfy or Transwiki to Wikimedia or something. This isn't notable yet, but could be, and could become a great tool for reducing vfd requests. (Any phonebook-esque type things could be eventually transwikied there.)I wonder sometimes if Wikipedia would have deleted itself when it first started out. Karmafist 14:19, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I should hope so! There's no way a tiny web encyclopedia, as WP was in early 2001, would be worthy of an article. In all seriousness, Meelar (talk) 20:19, September 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * Hi, I'm the founder of Yellowikis. The reason we added this page to Wikipedia is that each month we have a focus on a developing country (this month it is Rwanda). To encourage people to add information to Yellowikis we put a temporary notice on the country page on Wikipedia. Depending on who writes the link it sometimes references this page. We certainly aren't notable in encyclopedic terms (yet) and we don't really mind if this page is deleted or not - but I'd like to encourage you all to transfer advertising and other non-encyclopedic pages about companies and organisations to Yellowikis before you delete them from Wikipedia. Best wishes.--Payo 20:55, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Please see Spam for the reasons that that's a bad thing to do. Uncle G 07:12:01, 2005-09-12 (UTC)
 * Keep - It looks like it might have some potential and/or notability to it on Wiki. UniReb 00:31, 3 September 2005 (UTC)
 * More debate needed here. -Splash 20:53, 11 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep in some fashion as per Karmafist Dlyons493 23:03, 11 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nomination, userfying or whatever would be fine. Kappa 00:07, 12 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, lacking notability. Not a list of links.  Friday (talk) 17:56, 12 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep has been in the news a bit. NSR (talk) 01:04, 16 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Has it? I might need to change my vote... Can you show me something? Kappa 01:16, 16 September 2005 (UTC)
 * There were some press and radio reports in Germany at Wikimania 2005.--Payo 01:44, 16 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, Encyclopedias and dictionaries have a long history of bias towards themselves. The Wikipedia article on itself has 5,393 words; while the entry on Encyclopedia Britannica only 1,337. The Oxford Shorter English Dictionary (1972) has 11 definitions of words relating to Oxford but none relating to Cambridge. I think that users of Wikipedia would expect to find slightly obscure articles on other projects using the wiki way.--Payo 01:41, 16 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Wikipedia is not a directory of web sites that use wikis, nor is it an promotional vehicle for publicizing things that people don't (yet) know. Wikipedia is here to collate and summarize existing knowledge.  Being the subject of independent news reports or conference presentations are two of the ways that people acquire such knowledge.  If that is the case for your web site, then as Kappa says please cite those reports and presentations (for preference using the handy templates provided for doing so). Uncle G 17:16, 19 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep I heard about it during the Wikimania reports. It may be small at the moment but it is notable enough by my standards. Swirlix 15:10, 16 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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User talk:Astrolox

Handy Stuff
Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Radiant_ >|< 14:15, September 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Women in Red World Contest
Hi. We're into the last five days of the Women in Red World Contest. There's a new bonus prize of $200 worth of books of your choice to win for creating the most new women biographies between 0:00 on the 26th and 23:59 on 30th November. If you've been contributing to the contest, thank you for your support, we've produced over 2000 articles. If you haven't contributed yet, we would appreciate you taking the time to add entries to our articles achievements list by the end of the month. Thank you, and if participating, good luck with the finale!

title: User talk:Astrolox


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Talk:New Zealand tramping tracks

Untitled
Can we co-ordinate this with New Zealand Great WalksThorney 09:19, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

I have a keen interest in NZ tramping and would love to see this page expanded and completed to some degree (as well as the individual track articles). There is also an excellent set of national park articles National parks of New Zealand which also contain (brief) track mentions.Kiwimade 22:26, 18 February 2006 (UTC)

OK, I get that tramping is hiking. But what is a track? Is that like what we call in American English a hiking trail? Could we have a translation of the term in the article please? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 207.233.32.18 (talk) 18:48, 2 July 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:New Zealand tramping tracks


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Media, Entertainment and Arts Alliance

The Media, Entertainment & Arts Alliance (MEAA), also sometimes referred to as the Alliance, is the Australian trade union and professional organisation which covers the media, entertainment, sports and arts industries.

Its Musicians section consists of the SOMA (Symphony Orchestra Musician Association), TOMA (Theatre Orchestra Musicians Association), and, since December 2018, a new trade union for musicians, Musicians Australia (MA).

History
The MEAA was created in 1992, registered on 18 May 1992, through the merging of the unions covering actors, journalists and entertainment industry employees:
 * Actors Equity of Australia (AE)
 * The Australian Journalists Association (AJA)
 * The Australian Theatrical & Amusement Employees Association (ATAEA)

In 2006, the Symphony Orchestra Musicians Association (SOMA) joined, creating a fourth section.

The New South Wales Artworkers Union joined the MEAA, a Professional Sports Branch was created, and the Screen Technicians Association of Australia (STAA) reconstituted itself under the Alliance banner.

Description
MEAA members include people working in TV, radio, theatre, the film industry, cinemas, entertainment venues and recreation grounds, including journalists, actors, dancers, sportspeople, cartoonists, photographers, orchestral and opera performers, as well as people working in public relations, advertising, publishing and website production.

The governing bodies of the MEAA are the Federal Council, the MEAA Board, National Section Committees and Branch councils.

MEAA is headed by Chief Executive Erin Madeley, who was appointed to the role in 2022. The Board comprises the federal president ( Simon Collins) and 14 other members representing various industries and regions. Federal Council comprises representatives who are elected by MEAA members every two years.

Sections
The MEAA consists of four main sections:

 * Media – Representing journalists and media staffers previously covered by the Australian Journalists Association
 * Equity – Actors Equity, representing Australian professional performers, including screen actors, theatre practitioners and dancers
 * ECS – (Entertainment Crew & Sport), including non-performance employees such as technicians, venue staff and ushers, and sport staff
 * MEAA Musicians, including sub-sections:
 * SOMA (Symphony Orchestra Musician Association)
 * TOMA (Theatre Orchestra Musicians Association)
 * Musicians Australia

Musicians Australia (MA) was created in December 2018 as a union of non-employee musicians, focused on and acting only for musicians. Between then and June 2020, the Musicians section had grown by 518 members. MA's campaigns have focused on "calling out the exploitation of musicians and developing consensus around our core claim for minimum payments". Its "Love Live Music" campaign amplified the voices of musicians so that they could be heard by key decision-makers, as well as promoting their well-being of musicians and creating greater awareness of their economic value. An industry code of conduct is under development, to set fair rates for both venues and musicians.

Affiliations
In 2005 NZ Actors Equity (NZAE) affiliated to MEAA.

The MEAA is affiliated with the Australian Council of Trade Unions (ACTU), the International Federation of Actors and the International Federation of Journalists. It is a member of the Australian Copyright Council and is represented on all major training bodies catering for its members and State Labor Councils on behalf of its actors and other entertainment industry sections (excluding journalists) and in some states some sections are affiliated with the Australian Labor Party.

In 2011, MEAA ("the Alliance") approached the Association of Professional Engineers, Scientists and Managers Australia "to explore the benefits of collaboration by sharing back-end services or amalgamation".

The MEAA is also a member of the International Freedom of Expression Exchange, a global network of more than 70 non-governmental organisations that monitors press freedom and free expression violations worldwide.

Awards
In 1992, the MEAA became trustee of the Walkley Awards, after the merger of the MEAA and the Australian Journalists' Association. In 2000, the Walkley Foundation for Journalism was created to manage the awards.

The Equity Foundation was established for performer members of the MEAA. It is "a professional development arm of MEAA Equity and Equity NZ". It runs professional development programs and, since 2011, a series of awards known as the Equity Awards. An Australian lifetime achievement award has been presented since 2009, and a New Zealand one since 2015.

Activities
In January 2011, the Alliance gave a submission to Screen Australia regarding the revision of its television funding guidelines.

Industrial dispute in New Zealand
In September 2010, NZAE objected to contracts for actors in The Hobbit series planned for filming in New Zealand. MEAA notified the International Federation of Actors, which on 24 September 2010 issued a Do Not Work order for members worldwide. Producer Peter Jackson and minister Chris Finlayson claimed that New Zealand's Commerce Act 1986 made it illegal for the producers to engage in collective bargaining with NZAE on two grounds: first, that it represented independent contractors; and, second, that it was based outside New Zealand (being part of MEAA). The Screen Production and Development Association alleged that "MEAA/Equity has no legal status in New Zealand". The independent-contractor assertions were called into question by the 2005 court case Bryson v Three Foot Six Ltd. A. F. Tyson noted that critics "frequently focuse[d] on the MEAA rather than the NZAE"

On 20 October 2010, a Wellington meeting of NZAE was called off in the face of a protest planned by hundreds of film crew who feared The Hobbit production would relocate to Eastern Europe. On 26 October Simon Whipp of NZAE was quoted as saying that he would feel no guilt if it relocated. On 29 October the government rushed a bill amending the 1986 act through Parliament, overturning the 2005 decision by explicitly declaring all film workers to be independent contractors.

Emails released in December 2010 by way of the Official Information Act showed that Jackson told the Government he did not believe an international actors' boycott would force The Hobbit overseas. The message, sent to the office of Economic Development Minister Gerry Brownlee on 18 October, contrasts comments the film-maker made earlier in the month. A full list of the e-mails was released in February 2013 by the Ombudsman, at the request of Radio New Zealand and the New Zealand Council of Trade Unions, despite resistance on the grounds of commercial sensitivity from the New Zealand Government and Wingnut Films.

title: Media, Entertainment and Arts Alliance


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Scotchmans Lead, Victoria

Scotchmans Lead, a rural locality 6 km (3.7 statute miles) from Buninyong, in South Western Victoria, Australia, sits between the Yarrowee River, Midland Highway and Scotchmans Lead Road. It has recently been renamed Scotchmans Lead from Yarrowee, after a proposal by the Ballarat City Council to change its name back to the name of its historic days.

Scotchmans Lead was once a prominent mining area and farming area, with many properties still rearing animals such as cows and horses. The former Scotchmans Lead school, itself originally a church, has recently been turned into a bed-and-breakfast.

Scotchman's Lead Post Office opened on 17 January 1865, was renamed Yarrowee in 1875, and closed in 1961.

title: Scotchmans Lead, Victoria


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Serge Sudeikin

Sergey Yurievich Sudeikin, also known as Serge Soudeikine (19 March 1882 in Smolensk – 12 August 1946 in Nyack, New York), was a Russian artist and set-designer associated with the Ballets Russes and the Metropolitan Opera.

Biography
Having been banned from the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture for his "obscene drawings", Sudeikin joined the Mir Iskusstva movement. His close friends included the poet Mikhail Kuzmin and the impresario Serge Diaghilev, at whose invitation he came to Paris in 1906 for the Salon d'Automne Exhibition, where his work was first shown abroad. From 1907 to 1918 he was married to actress Olga Glebova (1885–1945), one of the famed beauties of St Petersburg and the closest friend of Anna Akhmatova. Glebova-Sudeikina is the principal character and addressee of Akhmatova's longest work, The Poem Without Hero (1940–65).

Sudeikin designed the sets and costumes for Diaghilev's production of La tragédie de Salomé by Florent Schmitt in 1913, and assisted in the execution of Nicholas Roerich's designs for Stravinsky's The Rite of Spring the same year. By the time of the October Revolution Sudeikin was among the foremost theatrical designers in Russia. In 1913 he had eloped to Paris with the dancer Vera de Bosset, whom he subsequently married, and who in the 1920s left him to become the mistress and ultimately second wife of Stravinsky. In 1926 he prepared artwork for the 1926 Broadway production of Nikolai Evreinov's The Chief Thing. Soudeikine later designed the settings for the original Theatre Guild production of Porgy and Bess that first opened on Broadway at the Alvin Theatre in New York City on October 10, 1935.

title: Serge Sudeikin


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Q sort

Q sort or Qsort may refer to:

Computing

 * Quicksort
 * qsort

Psychology

 * Q methodology

title: Q sort


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Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/Statue of Marco Polo

Statue of Marco Polo

Commons image, taken by Chinese Wikipedian, zh:User:Captmjc. I added it to Marco Polo. It's a featured picture on the Commons, and I think it's a great picture.

Raven4x4x 05:14, 18 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Nominate and support. -- AllyUnion (talk) 09:26, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * It's very dark and hard to make out the details on the statue and to distinguish it from the trees. I wonder what Commons liked about it enough to feature it? Elf | Talk 21:36, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. I agree with Elf.  The picture's also on the small side, has definite compression artifacts, and looks slightly tilted. —Cryptic (talk) 05:29, 3 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose -Too small, blurry etc.--Deglr6328 03:03, 4 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Technical issues. Enochlau 13:20, 4 September 2005 (UTC)
 *  ( − ) Oppose --Fir0002 07:43, September 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose - Intensely pedestrian. --bodnotbod 19:17, 14 September 2005 (UTC)


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Talk:Order of Saint Stanislaus

Untitled
There is a terrible chaos in this article. It has to be split up in two different ones - one pertaining to the historical Order of St.Stanislas and another one dealing with the present one. I shall see if I could do it.

--Alexvonf 09:26, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

Authentic Polish name
Why not call this decoration by its authentic Polish name, "Order of Saint Stanisław"? logologist 17:51, 28 September 2005 (UTC)

Even when it was included in the Russian Orders its name stayed much the same; Орден Святого Станислава.
 * I agree. As this is a Polish order, named for a Polish saint, why not use the Polish name?

 * The English Wikipedia article on the saint himself uses the Polish spelling, so why defer to one or other spurious latinized form for the order named after him?--FwdObserver (talk) 10:01, 10 April 2009 (UTC)

Two competing Wikipedia pages on this Order
Someone has created a SECOND wikipedia web page dealing with this Order. That web page is http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_St_Stanislas  On this page they have written an article making all sorts of claims that Sokolnicki was a legitimate president of Poland (which is debated).

Is it not possible to alert the Wikipedia moderators about this second web page and ask them to remove it or to put the correct history? The new web page does not include teh letter "U" in Stanislaus/Stanislas. As most English speakers call the Order "St Stanislas" and NOT "St Stanislaus" I suspect that the second web page might get more visitors consequently something must be done. The aWikipedia authoriteis must be notified.

Geocities links
Shouldn't the geocities.com link be removed? Sites such as angelfire, geocities, and the like generally do not meet our standards for reliable sources. Also, might someone be able to assist in the expansion of the Juliusz Nowina-Sokolnicki article using quality sources as well? Can't sleep, clown will eat me 20:20, 24 August 2006 (UTC)

No Objectivity, Just Opinion
As long as people use perjoratives, and Wikipedia allows non-subjective and slanderous terms such as "self-styled," "illegal" or "illigitimate" concerning Mr. Juliusz Nowina-Sokolnicki there can be no claim of neutrality or objectivity by Wikipedia or its "contributors."

"Self-styled" and "illegal" is not perojative, it is clearly objective statement about validity of Mr. Nowina-Sokolnicky.Yopie 23:06, 28 August 2006 (UTC)

Its prejorative if you can not back it up with some kind of proof, which I never see much of on here. It is all personal opinion, no objectivity, just character assassination. When someone tries to post something authorative on the subject that is affirmative, it just gets deleted by those who are only interested in their own position and not the actual subject. Without substantiated documentation terms like "self-styled," "illegal," etc. are slander, not that those who seem to so vociferously hate Mr. Juliusz Nowina-Sokolnicki care anything about substantiation, all they care about is propounding their uninformed slander.

Yopie - I suggest that you obtain a dictionary and try to find the definitions for "slander" and "libel." I am sure it will enhance your understanding of the proper use of those terms.

"Self-styled" and "illegal" is actually a perjprative if no other evidence is presented. Just because you say is not does not make it so!

Dear anonym, I don´t talk with people, who don´t use signature. And "prejorative" or "perjprative" is not in any dictionary :-) And facts - see here http://www.president.pl/x.node?id=470 )official page of president of Poland). Any Nowina is not mentioned... Yopie 09:49, 31 August 2006 (UTC)

Hey people, the word is spelled PEJORATIVE. That link didn’t say much of anything about anything, which is hardly the substantial truth required to base a slander. But that figures based on the level of discourse on this subject.

Anon material moved from article space
(quote)

Order Now
The Order of Saint Stanislas, one of the true, great and historic orders of chivalry, was founded by the last native King of Poland, Stanislas Augustus Poniatowski on May 8th 1765.

The Order of St. Stanislas is based on the principles espoused by the Polish Martyr Bishop, and Patron Saint of Poland for whom our Order was named. The principles we are sworn to uphold require us to give very careful consideration to any decision that might impact on others. The decisions we make, individually and collectively, are a great importance, because they help decide the future direction of our world.

The Order is made up of honourable men and women of all Christian faiths, Judaism and Islam; who believe in one Almighty God, and share a common concern for their fellow man. The Order itself reflects chivalry in its' purest form; that is "people helping people", the strong helping the weak and those with the skills, knowledge and finance helping the less fortunate in todays turbulent world.

Leave it as it is
This article on the history of the Order of St. Stanislas represents a balance between warring factions within and outside the various Orders. This article has been at equilibrium for some time and any effort to modify it will only spark another futile "edit war" which will result in the article being protected. Another "edit war" will be inevitable if this article is modified and that helps no one. All parties concerned are satisfied (if not happy) with these divisions as they are. These current divisions are the result of a great deal of trouble and foment. I suggest in the strongest terms possible that this article be left in its current state. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 205.188.116.9 (talk • contribs)

Articles should be left "as is" since the temptation for abuse on this subject is seemingly irresistible. We have all seen how “neutral” people seem to be on this subject and at present there has not been much vandalism to these separate pages so why alter a system that works? If people are interested the information is one mouse click away. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 152.163.100.7 (talk • contribs)

 * Vandalism is not a good argument for having five articles on the same subject. The orders awarded by Poland-Lithuania had official status, so had the orders awarded by Imperial Russia. All creations since 1917 have no official status and separate articles only help reinforcing such myths. They can all be mentioned in a paragraph stating that they exist, also mentioning the creation from Italy. This paragraph should say that they don't recognize each other and that official Poland / Russia don't recognize any of them either. Both the German, Polish and Russian Wikipedias have one article only describing all variants. Valentinian (talk) / (contribs) 09:07, 2 November 2006 (UTC)

I agree that " The Order of Saint Stanislaus (re)esteblished in Poland " is a bit of a mouthfull. And I am sorry thaat there are so many articles. It sounds a bit like " The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia" doesn't it? That is because it is a diplomatic solution in a quarrel without an end. They all claim to be THE Order of Saint Stanislaus, and then claim that the other ones are fake. In fact they are all somewhat questionable. Then there is the issue of the propper name and style of one of the Grand-Masters and the undissolved and unsolvable question as to who was the legitimite Polish government in exile. Given a free hand a number of anonymus contributers keep adding and deleting the same words over and over again at an astonishing pace. They do not reveal who they are and they do not discuss the questions before us. One gentleman once contributed a list of books and I added them to the appropriate branch of the Order. All I ever wanted to do was describe the historic order, now I found myself in a quagmire of pseudo-orders and well intended charitable foundations that call themselves orders. If I put all the information on these orders on one page there is no possibility to keep the subject neutral. The zelots of the various orders will get into a frenzy and this will undoubtably result in a useless, opiniated article that will change every minute or so. But I am open to suggestions...
 * Dear Valentinian, It seems that the war-of-words on the legitimacy of these Orders only takes place in English. The Dutch and German Wikis are not effected. On the Dutch page describing the two Orders of Saint Lazarus the contributors respect each other and only add facts concerning their own obedience. I am afraid that that the chances of this happening here on the English Wiki are slim. There is a lot of anger out there! As it is now the separate pages function reasonably well. A change will, in all likelyhood, start the vandalism all over again.

Faithfully Yours, Robert Prummel

P.S. I started or contributed to dozens of articles on orders of merit, try my dutch contributions on the Military Order of William and Orde van Sint Stanislaus ( Dutch Wiki). These articles give a lot of historical facts and pictures. Here all I ever get to is restoring mischief. I am happy to say that this one is unique! I am allso glad that there are only two orders of the Garter, the American one is, I am glad to say it, very meek. Would they dare to call Elizabeth II an imposter?

Robert Prummel Robert Prummel 23:47, 2 November 2006 (UTC)

It doesnt matter
I don't think these articles should be merged or changed, but it doesn't matter what I think because someone will go ahead and do it anyway, starting yet another useless and stupid edit war.

Grand Master of the Order of Saint Stanislaus Chev. Juliusz Nowina-Sokolnicki
700px|Grand Master of the Order of Saint Stanislaus Juliusz Nowina-Sokolnicki(JN-S - right)

Chev. Juliusz count Nowina-Sokolnicki - right.

In left Dr Norbert Wojtowicz - author "Praemiando incitat - Order Świętego Stanisława" (2007). —Preceding unsigned comment added by ETFTE (talk • contribs) 09:31, 8 April 2009 (UTC)

Stair Sainty
http://www.chivalricorders.org/orders/self-styled/slfstlod.htm

Stair Sainty is a rather reliable and objective source on all things noble and decorative - his view on this "order" is rather uncompromising....77.1.251.153 (talk) 21:06, 8 February 2012 (UTC)

Orphaned references in Order of Saint Stanislaus
I check pages listed in Category:Pages with incorrect ref formatting to try to fix reference errors. One of the things I do is look for content for orphaned references in wikilinked articles. I have found content for some of Order of Saint Stanislaus's orphans, the problem is that I found more than one version. I can't determine which (if any) is correct for this article, so I am asking for a sentient editor to look it over and copy the correct ref content into this article.

Reference named "Duren": From International Order of Saint Stanislaus:  From Fount of honour:

I apologize if any of the above are effectively identical; I am just a simple computer program, so I can't determine whether minor differences are significant or not. AnomieBOT ⚡ 12:21, 22 May 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Order of Saint Stanislaus


text:
Talk:Laodicean Church

[Untitled]
I moved the section on the city to its own page. The town is notable enough outside the context of the Apocalypse. Pilatus 09:27, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

That makes sense to me. I'll do some more interlinking --Doc (?) 09:33, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

So the content of this article isn't going to be deleted, right? --Brasswatchman 00:39, September 7, 2005 (UTC)

That depends on the current VfD debate - but right now it looks highly unlikely --Doc (?) 07:23, 7 September 2005 (UTC)

Contradict Tag
Added to the "Cold or hot" section - the first and third paragraphs (after the biblical quote) contradict the middle paragraph. If someone can confirm the second, I recommend removing the first and third paragraphs (and citing a source, of course!). Puddleglum 23:56, 14 May 2007 (UTC)

According to the survey books of the Bible that I've read, the Laodocian metaphor of the tepid nature of their water is presented as accepted fact, and moreover is in accordance with the fact that their church were apathetic or unzealoous in their faith. See Understanding the Bible, by Harris, and Introduction to the Bible books by Hauer and by Fant. Also, the NSRV Access Bible.

 * How is that a contradiction? Please explain.--Docg 07:17, 15 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Sorry for not providing fuller explanation. The scripture referenced says "I wish that you were either cold or hot".  If these are "metaphors indicating hostility and friendship respectively", as stated in the disputed paragraphs, then God (the one speaking in Rev 3.15-16) is saying that he wants the Laodiceans to either be evil or good.

 * Not only is this illogical (God wants people to be evil?), it also contradicts the imagery of the Laodicean aqueduct, which suggests not that "hot" is good and "cold" is bad, but that both hot and cold water are useful, whereas lukewarm water is useless.

 * I'll go ahead and do a rewrite. Feel free to clean it up or request additional info.  (And we still need a citation.  I've heard the explanation of the aqueduct before, but I don't have a source on hand.) Puddleglum 19:53, 15 May 2007 (UTC)

 * I can find citations later. However the aqueduct explanation is possible but disputed - so do not say 'scholars say'. As for the contradiction - there is none. This is a metaphor against the churches perceived ambivalence or lack of zeal - described as 'lukewarm' - the writer suggests that being Lukewarm is bad - and the Laodiceans should make up their mind. There parallels here with the Old Testament's 'chose today whom you will serve' - demanding a clear-cut choice. To suggest that the writer identifies hot=good and cold=evil may be right - but to take from that an equivelence of the two is to push the metaphor too far. The point is lukewarm=indecision/apathy/lack of zeal is undesirable. You seem to be creating a problem here that is not in the secondary literature. Actually, the solution is to re-write the whole thing with references from mainstream commentaries rather than relying on our own original research.--Docg 20:03, 15 May 2007 (UTC)

Council of Laodicea
The Council of Laodicea in AD 363-64 is not a "Later reference to the Laodicean Church". That's why I deleted it. I suppose that if the section heading were renamed, it could be relevant, but I had assumed that the link to the city would be sufficient. Puddleglum 19:53, 15 May 2007 (UTC)

Removed Biblical Criticism category
I believe that this article clearly does not belong in the Biblical criticism category based on the other articles in the category, which are about critical methods and issues in Biblical interpretation. Why do you think it should be included in the category? Puddleglum 19:53, 15 May 2007 (UTC)

Oh great
"Laodician" was the winning word in the latest spelling bee, and I see this article already got messed with...with some trivial, minor info weakly related to the etymology of the word "laodician" getting moved into the lead! Reverted for now, probably more of these sorts of activities to come for another couple days or two. Tendancer (talk) 17:55, 29 May 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Laodicean Church


text:
Talk:Tipler cylinder

Removed weird claim
Note that such spacecrafts would (ideally) be of a 'flying saucer' shape, i.e. flat, disc like objects.

Whoever wrote that, you're gonna have to explain this one (in the article) if you want to put the claim back in.---CH (talk) 09:30, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

Note: Michio Kaku's 'Parallel Worlds' mentions this idea in chapter 5 and attributes the idea to W.J.Van Stockum, in the section titled "Van Stockum's Time Machine"

Here's what the previous comment is about: http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/11.08/pwr_timetravel.html?pg=2&topic=&topic_set= "Although Van Stockum himself didn't recognize it, anyone orbiting such a cylinder in the direction of the spin will be caught in the current and, from the perspective of a distant observer, exceed the speed of light." —Preceding unsigned comment added by 91.109.206.100 (talk) 21:15, 14 December 2008 (UTC)

Weak arguments
Currently the article has this quote from Hawking "it can't be done with positive energy density everywhere! I can prove that to build a finite time machine, you need negative energy." What is "I can prove" supposed to mean? Either he has proved it and then we need a reference to the proof or he hasn't in which case his comment is worthless and should be removed.Enemyunknown (talk) 18:53, 24 December 2008 (UTC)

 * It doesn't really matter, under the wiki policies his comments are inherently notable in this context. To override this you would need to find someone notable who disagrees.- (User) Wolfkeeper (Talk) 19:12, 24 December 2008 (UTC)

As far as need for an expert, Dr. Tipler is a professor at Tulane University. I am taking a physics class from him now. I'll ask him to have a look at the page. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 129.81.74.154 (talk) 04:45, 10 March 2010 (UTC)

Possible plagiarism
I notice the following page includes a large section of identical text: http://www.andersoninstitute.com/tipler-cylinder.html At the bottom it states "Copyright © 1990-2012, The Anderson Institute. All rights reserved." There doesn't appear to be any acknowledgement of the source but I'm not sufficiently familiar with Wiki to say if that's a problem. George Dishman (talk) 10:05, 19 June 2011 (UTC)
 * See here for dealing with copyright violations . IRWolfie- (talk) 13:29, 19 June 2011 (UTC)
 * The Anderson Institute copied the text from wikipedia, not vice versa. The earliest archived version of their Tipler Cylinder page is from Nov. 1 2009, but you can see from the wiki page's revision history that as of October 2009 most of that text was already in the wiki article. Also, you can see from this March 2007 revision that I myself added the material on Hawking's proof that finite-length cylinder wouldn't work, I can vouch for the fact that I never heard of the "Anderson Institute" until checking back on the Tipler Cylinder wiki page today (also note that at the bottom of the archived Anderson page on Tipler cylinders it says "Copyright © 2008, The Anderson Institute", so even their own original copyright notice is later than my edit about Hawking...only later did they change the copyright at the bottom of the page to "1990-2012"). Hypnosifl (talk) 01:08, 10 January 2014 (UTC)

Infinite Cylinder ?
The article says, "An objection to the practicality of building a Tipler cylinder was discovered by Stephen Hawking".

Would someone knowledgeable in the subject please explain the totally obvious practical objection that a cylinder of infinite length would require an infinite amount of matter to build, would take an infinite amount of time to build, and need an infinite amount of energy to even start it rotating, and there just isn't that much matter and energy in the universe ? (And probably not enough time !-)

It doesn't really need Stephen Hawking to figure that out. It's not even rocket science ! Darkman101 (talk) 21:57, 16 September 2011 (UTC)

 * Hawking's discovery wasn't that building an infinite cylinder would be impractical, rather his discovery was that only an infinite cylinder would work for time travel, contradicting Tipler's earlier speculation that a finite-length cylinder might do the job. Hypnosifl (talk) 06:05, 10 January 2014 (UTC)

Possible time travel?
How? Wouldn't anything be crushed by an immense amount of g-force? Or wouldn't it be crushed by the gravity? Is this orbiting spaceship or flying saucer or whatever going faster than the speed of light? Wouldn't this raise all the same issues as using a black hole to travel in time? This article is extremely lacking in detail! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 109.153.170.218 (talk) 20:31, 6 November 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tipler cylinder


text: Category:Books by Karl Marx

title: Category:Books by Karl Marx


text:
Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/Catedral de Segovia

Gothic Cathedral of Segovia

I look at this picture and I say... Wow... Found on Segovia. --AllyUnion (talk) 09:31, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Nominate and support. - AllyUnion (talk) 09:31, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * What a great and enchanting shot. Raven4x4x 00:17, September 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * Neutral leaning towards oppose. Somewhat on the small side, and the car in the lower left and brown whatever-it-is in the upper left are minuses.  I'm undecided whether perspective correction would benefit the picture. —Cryptic (talk) 02:36, 4 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose- Sadly, too small. --Deglr6328 02:59, 4 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Neutral. It's bordering on small, but it's ok here. It's very enchanting especially the lighting (really captures the mood of a gothic cathedral), but the car is a problem. Enochlau 13:19, 4 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Support: it's a magical picture! Jdhowens90 09:09, 5 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Neutral, I love the image, but hate the cars. Would support a version with the cars cropped out. - Mgm|(talk) 09:10, September 5, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support Nice lighting on the cathedral. Kerowyn
 * Strongly Support: Stunning, beautiful. User:Lofty 10:21, 5 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. I can't understand why people are calling the image small (it looks plenty big to me). The cars are in the shadows off in the corner, and frankly the mesmerizing light on the cathedral walls captured my gaze completely enough that I barely noticed the cars, and when I did, they didn't trouble me at all.  A car that obscured the image in a distracting way is an objection--that I understand--but I think if we want pictures of buildings in an urban environment, I believe we need tobe at peace with a barely visible or noticeable car in the extreme corner of the frame that is otherwise filled with a gorgeous shot. Jwrosenzweig 17:16, 5 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Exactly the reason why I voted neutral instead of oppose. - Mgm|(talk) 12:39, September 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment Jwrosenzweig, the image may look large to you because you may have a small monitor or your computer may be set to a low resolution. The image is 800x600 pixels, which provides very little detail, especially for a subject as large as this one. Secondly, if one were to print this image at (a conservative) 150dpi, this would only just be enough for a so-so 4x6 print. Personally, I think at minimum featured pictures should be at least 1024x768, if not 1600x1200 or larger. --mdd4696 00:30, 3 December 2005 (UTC)

 * I can't agree more. Support.Raven4x4x 23:51, September 5, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Stunning.--May the Force be with you! Shreshth91  ($ |-| r 3 $ |-| t |-|)  04:17, 6 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. - MPF 16:17, 7 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Jwrosenzweig said it best. Support. Neutralitytalk 23:20, September 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. If possible, crop or photoshop the cars, but support in any case -- Chris 73 Talk 07:47, September 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Have some sympathy with quibbles about the cars, however you could argue that they give you a sense of scale. --bodnotbod 19:21, 14 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Support – Kpalion (talk) 23:23, 14 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Support Anr 18:11, 21 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Support, and very much so! -- High (Hopes) [ (+) ] 18:00, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Broken S 21:47, 22 September 2005 (UTC)


text: User talk:132.181.52.115

title: User talk:132.181.52.115


text:
Talk:Fiat Albea

hi

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 5 external links on Fiat Albea. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140106034551/http://fiat.cn.ua/sites/default/files/243034867.pdf to http://fiat.cn.ua/sites/default/files/243034867.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120323160152/http://www.fiat.com.ro/documente/manuale/manual%20utilizare%20fiat%20albea.pdf/manual%20utilizare%20fiat%20albea.pdf to http://www.fiat.com.ro/documente/manuale/manual%20utilizare%20fiat%20albea.pdf/manual%20utilizare%20fiat%20albea.pdf#page=223
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110719181600/http://www.autoshow.ro/article--Fiat_Albea_1.2_16V--1378.html to http://www.autoshow.ro/article--Fiat_Albea_1.2_16V--1378.html
 * Added tag to http://www.autoshow.ro/article--x-Drive_Test-Fiat_Albea_-_Generatia_urmatoare--1942.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090304002025/http://www.c-ncap.org/content/pzjg/Alcyc/pailang.htm to http://www.c-ncap.org/content/pzjg/Alcyc/pailang.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080824045226/http://es.autoblog.com:80/2008/08/22/mexico-nuevo-fiat-albea-2009/ to http://es.autoblog.com/2008/08/22/mexico-nuevo-fiat-albea-2009/

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title: Talk:Fiat Albea


text:
Sekou Conneh

Sekou Damate Conneh, Jr.  (born 1960) is a Liberian politician and former rebel leader.

Biography
Born in 1960 in the town of Gbarnga, Liberia (Bong County) to an ethnic Mandingo Muslim family, Conneh attended St. Martin's Cathedral School from 1966 to 1973. He attended William Tubman Methodist High School where he received his diploma in 1979.

He first became active in politics in 1980 when he joined the opposition Progressive People's Party; this was formed as one of the first legally recognized opposition parties in Liberia in more than 100 years. Ethnic indigenous groups in Liberia, who comprise some 95% of the population in the 21st century, had grown impatient with restrictions and lack of power under governments dominated by the True Whig Party, whose leaders were primarily Americo-Liberians, an ethnic group descended from African-American colonists of the early and mid-19th century.

Conneh had been a member of the Progressive Alliance of Liberia (PAL), the PPP's mother organization. He served as a senior party coordinator for the Kokoyah district in Bong County before fleeing to Uganda when the administration of President William Tolbert banned the PPP and arrested some of its leaders.

In 1985, after the Tolbert government was overthrown by Samuel Doe, Conneh returned to Liberia in a bid to contest the upcoming legislative election on the ticket of the United People's Party (UPP). The party was later banned by Doe's increasingly autocratic government, allegedly for possessing a 'foreign ideology'. In 1986, Conneh found employment in the Ministry of Finance, working as a revenue agent in Rivercess County. In 1988, he was transferred to Montserrado County, where he remained until the collapse of President Samuel Doe's regime in 1990 after a decade of rule.

During the period of civil war in the country, Conneh moved to Guinea. There he founded and served as the managing director of the Damate Corporation, an export and import business entity based in Conakry. The corporation's main activity involved the trading of second-hand cars imported from Europe. In his testimony to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Liberia he claims that he does not know French, the official language of Guinea.

After the civil war ended and elections were held, Conneh returned to Liberia to resume his former job as a revenue agent for the Ministry of Finance. Soon after, he quit and returned to car trading in Conakry. This time, Conneh began exporting second-hand cars purchased in Guinea to Liberia. Liberian intelligence officers accused him of smuggling, and he was arrested and moved to a prison cell in Monrovia. His wife, Aisha, appealed to Guinean president Lansana Conté to intervene and ask for Conneh's release. She was the daughter of Conte's soothsayer. With his release obtained, Conneh returned to Guinea.

In April 1999, several veteran opponents of President Charles Taylor formed a rebel movement known as Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy (LURD). LURD was to some extent a successor to United Liberation Movement of Liberia for Democracy (ULIMO). Based on a power sharing agreement between Krahn and Mandingo united around a single maxim: Taylor must go. Conneh was appointed chairman of LURD, because of his wife's high-level contacts with the Guinean government. Civil war resumed in Liberia in 1999 after clashes between LURD rebels and government forces.

Following the departure of Charles Taylor under international pressure and the setting up of a broad-based transitional government, which represented multiple ethnic groups and political parties, LURD and other rebel groups finally disbanded.

Conneh's supporters founded the Progressive Democratic Party (PRODEM) in preparation for upcoming elections, scheduled for 11 October 2005. Conneh was nominated as the party's presidential candidate, but received only 0.56% of the vote in the election that brought Ellen Sirleaf to power as president.

Testifying before the Truth and Reconciliation Commission on August 28, 2008, Conneh said that, during the war, Sierra Leone and Guinea had allowed the LURD rebels free passage "through their borders with our arms without any questions from them".

title: Sekou Conneh


text: File:Dandelion clock.jpg

title: File:Dandelion clock.jpg


text: Category:Selection algorithms

title: Category:Selection algorithms


text:
Charlottesville Union Station

The Charlottesville Union Station, located in Charlottesville, Virginia, United States, is served by Amtrak's Cardinal, Crescent, and daily Northeast Regional passenger trains. It is Amtrak's third-busiest station in Virginia, aside from its all-auto Auto Train station in Lorton. The station is situated in the northeast quadrant of the junction between two railway lines. The Cardinal uses the east–west line, owned by the state of Virginia, and formerly by CSX Transportation, and operated by the Buckingham Branch Railroad, while other services use the north–south line owned and operated by Norfolk Southern Railway. The station is within walking distance of the University of Virginia, which is the major employer in the area.

History
The original Union Station was built in 1885 to jointly serve the Charlottesville and Rapidan Railroad, the Virginia Midland Railway, and the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway. Major renovations in 1915 included the construction of a baggage handling facility. When Amtrak took over most intercity passenger rail service in 1971, the Southern Railway opted to continue running the Southern Crescent itself, at Union Station. The James Whitcomb Riley (later the Cardinal) used Main Street Station to the east, as well as stopping at Union Station until early in 1977. The last train between Charlottesville and Richmond ran on June 14, 1976, when the Amtrak changed the route of the James Whitcomb Riley. Afflicted with rising costs, the Southern Railway relented and turned the Southern Crescent over to Amtrak on February 1, 1979. Amtrak renamed it as the Crescent and made Union Station the Charlottesville stop for the Cardinal as well.

For most of the next three decades, the only trains calling at Charlottesville were the Crescent, which arrived northbound during the morning rush and southbound in the evening, and the thrice weekly Cardinal, which arrived westbound at lunchtime and eastbound before the afternoon rush. In 2009, Amtrak extended a Northeast Regional round-trip to Lynchburg (since extended to Roanoke) by way of Charlottesville. On July 11, 2022 Amtrak added a second daily round-trip, an afternoon departure of Amtrak's overnight train of the Northeast Corridor, numbers 66/67, the former Night Owl, was added to the Northeast Regional.

Since 1999, the former baggage handling facility is home to the Amtrak ticket office and waiting area. The main facility was privately developed into the commercial restaurant, Wild Wing Cafe, which has now closed. Plans coincident with the redevelopment to create a transportation hub at Union Station were not realized. Instead, in 2007 Charlottesville completed the Downtown Transit Center one mile across town.

However, the station does serve as an intermodal transportation nexus, with connecting Amtrak Thruway motorcoach service to Richmond Staples Mill Road station for some trains there, a 200-plus-space parking lot, and a Greyhound Lines bus stop. The Virginia Breeze, a bus service sponsored by the Virginia Department of Rail and Public Transportation, stops a few miles to the west at a shopping center. These services allow Charlottesville travelers to reach various airports and other destinations in the region. The Charlottesville Free Trolley stops just north of the station, and connects Downtown and the University of Virginia.

Out of the twenty-one Virginia stations, Charlottesville is the fourth busiest, according to the FY2018 ridership. This is mainly due to the large number of passengers traveling between this station and Washington, Baltimore and points north.

Future
In December 2019 the Commonwealth of Virginia purchased CSX Transportation's Buckingham Branch track and right-of-way from Clifton Forge, Virginia to Charlottesville, and onward to Doswell, Virginia, north of Richmond. The western segment hosts the Cardinal, while the eastern segment facilitates future passenger service between Charlottesville and Richmond, as outlined in the 2017 Virginia Statewide Rail Plan. It covers the same route used by the James Whitcomb Riley in 1976. The state is leasing the line to CSX and Buckingham Branch for its current uses.

title: Charlottesville Union Station


text: Category:Books by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels


text:
Mopac

Mopac has the following meanings:
 * Missouri Pacific Railroad
 * Mopac Expressway, State Highway Loop 1 in Austin, Texas, U.S.
 * MOPAC, a computational chemistry program

 * Mayor's Office for Policing and Crime, a group which oversees the Metropolitan Police in London, U.K.
 * Mountain Pacific Curling Association, a regional curling association in the Western United States

title: Mopac


text:
Yaroslav Rybakov

Yaroslav Vladimirovich Rybakov (Ярослав Владимирович Рыбаков, born November 22, 1980, in Mogilyev, Belarusian SSR) is a retired Russian high jumper.

He is the 2002 European Champion high jumper, and at the 2005 World Championships he shared the silver medal with Víctor Moya of Cuba.

In 2006 he won the World Indoor Championships, and finished fifth in the high jump final at the 2006 European Athletics Championships in Gothenburg. The next year he won his third World Championships silver medal in a new personal best jump of 2.35 metres. In 2009, he finally won gold at the World Championships in Berlin.

His indoor personal best is 2.38 metres, set in February 2005 in Stockholm. Since then he has equalled the mark three times, which has included a meet record for the Hochsprung mit Musik.

Records
Rybakov set the Russian national record of 2.38, indoors, at the 16th GE Galan meet at the Globe Arena in Stockholm, Sweden on Tuesday 15 February 2005. It was the highest indoor leap in the world since March 2000, and improved his personal best by one cm. He was pushed to the record by Czech jumper Jaroslav Baba, who finished second at 2.34. Rybakov set the record by making 5-consecutive first try clearances at 2.21, 2.26, 2.29, 2.32 and 2.34, and then clearing 2.38 on his third, and final, attempt.

Two years later, Rybakov would push his younger compatriot Ivan Ukhov to break his national record at the Moscow Winter Cup meet on 28 January 2007. In a tactical duel, Rybakov would finish second at 2.35 (with one attempt at 2.37 and two at 2.39), while 20-year-old Ukhov had a first try clearance at 2.39. One week later, at the Arnstadt, Germany meet on 3 February 2007, Rybakov would win, tying his personal best of 2.38, while Ukhov finished fourth at 2.31.

title: Yaroslav Rybakov


text:
Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/Dandelion clock.jpg

Dandelion

A very nice high res image of a common dandelion.

(5/1/2) ~ Veledan • Talk + new 23:46, 23 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Nominate and support. - AllyUnion (talk) 09:36, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Neutral. It's ok, but I don't like the close crop on the flower - positioning of flower in frame is a little awkward I feel. Enochlau 13:17, 4 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Support I love the focus, very sharp and detailed on the dandelion. Love the vibrant colours too! Tekana | Talk 13:15, 5 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Neutral It's not a bad picture but it looks a bit dishevelled. I would like to see more symmetry of the dandelion parachutes in a featured picture.  Example photo and drawing/photo. David D. (Talk) 17:29, 6 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Support Oska 22:41, September 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support -- Chris 73 Talk 07:46, September 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment I could swear I'd seen a dandelion as featured pic before. However, I would imagine it would be up at dandelion if I were right, so perhaps I'm imagining it. --bodnotbod 21:51, 14 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I think you mean Featured picture candidates/DandelionMacro, which wasn't promoted. —Cryptic (talk) 17:06, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Distinctly average. --Rebroad 17:31, 15 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Strongly. - Bevo 01:04, 16 September 2005 (UTC)
 * A tough call this one - the figures don't add up to much, and the only really expressive comments (other than one supported support) are attached to neutral comments. I trust the people who voted neutral with an opposing comment (instead of oppose with an opposing comment) were at least accepting of the image in this form but would simply have liked to see an improved version uploaded if possible... ~ Veledan • Talk + new 23:46, 23 September 2005 (UTC)


text:
NER 1001 Class

The North Eastern Railway (NER) 1001 Class  was a class of long-boiler 0-6-0 steam locomotive originally designed by William Bouch for the Stockton and Darlington Railway.

Technical data
A NER 1001 class locomotive weighed about 35 LT, with a wheelbase of 11 ft and 5 ft diameter driven wheels. Its 4 ft diameter boiler produced over 7 LT of tractive effort at 140 psi.

History
The "long boiler" design dated back to a Stephenson design of 1842. At that time there was a controversy about keeping the centre of gravity low. Another point of view was espoused by John Gray who set out to improve efficiency and increase the pressure in shorter boilers using single drivers instead of coupled wheels. His ideas led to the design of the highly successful Jenny Lind locomotive.

The long boiler design with coupled wheels continued for slower heavier work. A total of 192 NER 1001 class locomotives were built from 1852 by a number of private manufacturers, as well as the NER's own works at Darlington and Shildon.

The small size of the firebox would seem remarkable in later years, but the engines were ideal where trains might spend long periods standing, waiting for a path, or when shunting. A minimum amount of fuel would have delivered sufficient heat to the large boiler to start heavy loads.

The last ten NER 1001s were delivered in 1875. Many were rebuilt in the following twenty five years. The last was withdrawn in 1923.

Having travelled an official mileage of 908,984 mi, locomotive number 1275 is preserved at the National Railway Museum in York.

Accidents and incidents

 * On 5 November 1900, locomotive No. 1245 was hauling a freight train when it ran away and was derailed by trap points at Lingdale Junction, Yorkshire.
 * On 8 August 1909, a locomotive of the class was hauling a freight train which was derailed at Hartley, Cumberland due to heat buckled track.

title: NER 1001 Class


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ballsoc

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete -- Joolz 17:36, 10 September 2005 (UTC)

Ballsoc
AFD notice added by user:132.181.52.115 with edit summary "This page adds nothing". I tend to agree. Article about a now defunct university club. Evil Monkey∴Hello 09:37, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete - nn. UniReb 12:29, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Author has not provided verification; it should not be our job to do so.    paul klenk 12:54, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Non-notable and nearly impossible to expand.  Amren (talk)  14:47, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ballsoc


text: User talk:132.181.210.114

title: User talk:132.181.210.114


text:
Fathi Shaqaqi

Fathi Ibrahim Abdulaziz Shaqaqi (فتحي إبراهيم عبد العزيز الشقاقي; 4 January 1951 – 26 October 1995) was a Palestinian physician, militant leader and the founder and Secretary-General of the Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ).

Shaqaqi was born in the Gaza Strip to a refugee family and received his early education at a United Nations school. He studied physics and mathematics at Bir Zeit University and later medicine at Mansoura University in Egypt. Shaqaqi became a follower of Hassan al-Banna, founder of the Muslim Brotherhood, and Sayyid Qutb. Influenced by the Iranian Revolution, he wrote a book praising Ayatollah Khomeini's approach to an Islamic state.

In 1981, Shaqaqi co-founded Islamic Jihad with the goal of establishing a sovereign Islamic state across Israel and the Palestinian territories. The organization rejected political processes, focusing on achieving its goals through military means. As the PIJ leader, Shaqaqi masterminded several suicide bombings in Israel. He was assassinated by Mossad agents in Malta in 1995, leading to a weakening of the PIJ until its resurgence after the Arab Spring.

Early life and career
Shaqaqi was born to a refugee family of eight children in the slums of a refugee camp in Rafah in the southern Gaza Strip. His family was originally from Zarnuqa near Ramlah, where they had lived for nearly five generations and his grandfather had served as the imam of the local mosque. The Shaqaqi family fled Zarnuqa during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War in fear of Israeli massacres, and were not allowed to return. His mother died when he was fifteen. Fathi Shaqaqi's brother Khalil, after teaching in several universities in the United States, Kuwait and Bahrain, moved after the Oslo Peace Accords to the West Bank and is founding director of the Nablus-based Palestinian Center for Policy and Survey Research, established in 1993.

Most of his early education was at the United Nations school. He attended Bir Zeit University in the West Bank, where he studied physics and mathematics. In 1970–1974, he taught mathematics at a school for orphans in East Jerusalem. In 1974 he moved to Egypt to study medicine at Mansoura University, specializing in pediatrics. Upon receiving his medical degree in 1981, he worked in a general practice at Augusta Victoria Hospital in Jerusalem. He later opened a medical clinic in Gaza.

Leader of Islamic Jihad
During his studies at Birzeit University Shaqaqi became an admirer of Hassan al-Banna, founder of the Muslim Brotherhood, and Sheikh Ahmed Yassin, the founder of Hamas. While studying medicine in Egypt he was an acquaintance of Sheikh Omar Abdel-Rahman, leader of al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya and Egyptian Islamic Jihad, and Salah Sariya, a Salafi Palestinian executed in 1976 on the charge of having plotted the assassination of President of Egypt Anwar Sadat. He also became a follower of the ideas of Sayyid Qutb and Hassan al-Banna. He also read Marxist literature, including allegedly the entire works of Karl Marx. The teachings of Qutb, who was executed by President of Egypt Gamal Abdel Nasser in 1966 for supposedly plotting an Islamist revolution, convinced Shkaki that the "corrupt and secular governments" of the Arab world had to be replaced by Islamic societies politically, socially and culturally. Shaqaqi came to believe that the PLO opposition to Israeli occupation was worthless and that only an Islamist organisations could achieve any political and military successes against Israel. By the later 1970s Shaqaqi broke with both the Muslim Brotherhood and secular Palestinian nationalist groups, dismayed that the former spoke too little about Palestine and the latter too little on Islam. As a university student in Egypt, Shiqaqi was inspired by the triumph of the 1979 Iranian Revolution, which saw the last Pahlavi Shah Mohammed Reza deposed in a popular uprising that culminated in the establishment of an Islamic Republic with long-exiled Ayatollah Khomeini as its spiritual figurehead. He wrote a short book praising Khomeini's approach to Islamic governance titled Khomeini, The Islamic Solution and the Alternative, published in Cairo four days after the victory of the revolution. In Shaqaqi's view the Khomeini victory "demonstrated that even against an enemy as powerful as the Shah, a jihad of determined militants could overcome all obstacles." The book sold 10,000 copies in just two days, before it was promptly banned by the Egyptian government and Shiqaqi briefly arrested. The Palestinian Islamic Jihad, of which Shiqaqi was a founding member, remains ideologically and militarily aligned with Iran, its largest supplier of weapons and aid.

In 1981, along with Abd Al Aziz Awda and five other Palestinian Islamist and Salafi leaders, he founded the Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine. The aim of the organization was the establishment of a sovereign, Islamic Palestinian state within the geographic borders of pre-1948 Mandatory Palestine. Completely rejecting the political process, the organization professes that its goals can only be achieved through Islamic Jihad military means. While an adherent of Islamism, Shaqaqi would later state to British journalist Robert Fisk that "We are not talking about theology, we are talking about politics and military things," adding that "Islam would be the idea we would start with, Palestine the goal to liberate and Jihad would be the way, the method." He described the organization as a "crossing-point between nationalist and Islamism", and that his intentions were not to establish an Islamic state, but merely to "liberate all of Palestine." Fisk was surprised that Shaqaqi neither greeted him with "As-salamu alaykum" nor quoted the Quran. Speaking about his motives during the Fisk interview, Shaqaqi stated: "We are only defending our right to live in our homeland ... We lived in peace with Jews for centuries... I have no problem with Jews ... But I will fight occupation." In an interview with Charles Richards of The Independent in 1992, Shaqaqi stated that his aim was a Palestine from the river to the sea "where all religions can live together in one state under Islamic Quranic law." While nominally a Sunni organization, the PIJ has made every effort to play down the basic differences between Shia and Sunni, instead emphasizing the common elements of the entire Islamic nation. Regarding the Palestinian Christians as "our partners in history and destiny," Shaqaqi's organization also had Christian members.

The PIJ recruited former leaders of other Palestinian organisations such as the PLO. Many were recruited from the predecessor of the PIJ, originally known as the Palestine Liberation Force, which was founded in 1964 by Zaid al-Husseini but suppressed by Israel in 1971. Shaqiqi created a small secretive organization engaged in assassinations, mass shootings, bombings and suicide bombings against the Israeli military. Shaqaqi prohibited targeting innocent civilians, which however did not include Israeli settlers. After his killing all Israelis were deemed legitimate targets. An elitist group, its appeal is mainly among the educated youth. Shaqaqi was arrested in Gaza by Israel in 1983 for publishing the magazine "Islamic Vanguard", but released the following year. He was rearrested in 1986 and sentenced to four years in prison at Ashkelon and Nafah in the Negev desert. In 1988 he was deported to Southern Lebanon, allegedly at the orders of Yitzhak Rabin. Shaqaqi learned Hebrew while imprisoned in Israel, and kept a Hebrew dictionary on the bookshelf at his office in the Palestinian Yarmouk Camp on the outskirts of Damascus, which was decorated with a model of Al-Aqsa mosque, a lithograph of Hani Abed and framed photographs of suicide bombers Able to speak "flawless English," Shaqaqi stated to Fisk that "Before I am a politician and the leader of Islamic Jihad, I am a human being and a poet..." He was well read in the literature of Shakespeare, Dante, T. S. Eliot, Ezra Pound, E. M. Forster and other Western writers, quoting Hamlet in length during his interview with Fisk. Shortly after his expulsion to Lebanon in 1988, Shaqaqi met Ruhollah Khomeini in Tehran, who pledged financial and military support for his organization. While in Lebanon the PIJ built up a very close relationship with the Shia Islamist group Hezbollah led by Hassan Nasrallah, and received military training from the Iranian Revolutionary Guards. In 1990 he settled in Damascus under the protection of President of Syria Hafez al-Assad.

As the leader of the PIJ, Shaqaqi masterminded several suicide bombings in Israel. He was a key player in setting up the National Alliance in January 1994, a coalition of eight PLO groups, Islamic Jihad and Hamas rejecting the Oslo process. The PIJ is considered by Israel to be one of the most extreme and violent organisation in its operational methods and commitment to the destruction of Israel. By 1995 it was according to Fisk "perhaps the fiercest of all Israel's modern-day enemies."

Assassination
Shaqaqi was shot five times on 26 October 1995 in front of the Diplomat Hotel in Sliema, Malta by a hit team said to be composed of two Mossad agents. The assassination happened a few days after Shaqaqi conducted an interview with journalist Ibrahim Hamidi of Al-Hayat Newspaper. Shaqaqi had been travelling under the false name Dr. Ibrahim Ali Shawesh. He was on his way back from Tripoli after visiting Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi who promised to help finance Shaqaqi's factions. His assassination produced disarray in Islamic Jihad since no competent successor could replace Shaqaqi. Islamic Jihad sources in Gaza confirmed that Shiqaqi had been traveling from Libya to his home in Damascus and made a stopover in Malta.

Accounts vary in details. In the Telegraph version by Gordon Thomas, two men, Gil and Ran, arrived in Malta on a late-afternoon flight, after receiving new passports provided by fellow agents in Rome and Athens (sayan), and checked into the Diplomat Hotel where Shaqaqi was residing. Another local sayan who owned a car rental agency provided Ran with a Yamaha motorcycle, which he told hotel staff he planned to use for touring the island. At the same time, a freighter from Haifa radioed the Maltese harbour authorities that it had developed engine trouble and would need to anchor off the island for repairs. A team of Mossad communications technicians on board sent the agents instructions through an encrypted radio system in Gil's suitcase. The two kidon operatives then drove up on the motorcycle and pulled up while Shaqaqi was walking along the waterfront and one of them, Gil, shot him six times in the head, a 'kidon signature'. Ronen Bergman writes that Shaqaqi was out shopping, and was shot twice in the forehead and twice in the back of the head, with a semi-automatic pistol fitted with a silencer and a device to catch the spent cartridges, and that the motorbike had been stolen the day before.

Legacy
Shaqaqi left behind a wife and three children, two boys and a girl. He was succeeded as Secretary-General of the PIJ by fellow co-founder Ramadan Shallah. His funeral in Damascus on 1 November 1995 was attended by some 40,000. The assassination of Shaqaqi, who was regarded as a highly charismatic and capable leader, and the subsequent crackdown on the PIJ by Israel and the Palestinian National Authority led to a significant weakening of the organization. Following the Arab Spring the group has enjoyed a revival in its military and political strength with increased Syrian and Iranian support, and in some Gaza precincts, Shaqaqi's picture is more prominent than that of the Hamas prime minister.

title: Fathi Shaqaqi


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Abney, Derbyshire

Abney (Old English Abba's Island ) is a village in the English county of Derbyshire. The settlement was mentioned as Habenai in the Domesday book of 1086. It was recorded as Abbeneia, Abbeney(a) and Abbeneye between 1200 and 1431, and as Abney from 1416.

The village is too small to have its own amenities. The closest church, pub and shops are to be found in Eyam. The village was in the civil parish of Outseats, but in April 2015 the Outseats parish was merged with Hathersage parish, the latter name being used for the two combined parishes.

Notable residents
William Newton, poet, was born near Abney at Cockey Farm.

title: Abney, Derbyshire


text:
X2 (roller coaster)

X2 (formerly known as X) is a steel roller coaster at Six Flags Magic Mountain in Valencia, California. It was the world's first fourth-dimension roller coaster and was the final roller coaster installed by ride manufacturer Arrow Dynamics. The ride is unique in that the trains' seats pitch 360 degrees forwards and in reverse independent of the main chassis. The coaster initially opened to the public on January 12, 2002; numerous issues delayed it from debuting in 2001 as was originally anticipated. On December 2, 2007, the ride closed for its transformation into X2. It was completely repainted, received new third-generation trains, and featured new special effects including onboard audio, fog effects, and a pair of flame throwers. The ride reopened on May 24, 2008, following the upgrades.

History
On December 19, 2000, Six Flags Magic Mountain announced that it would be adding three roller coasters for the 2001 season as part of a $30 million expansion: Déjà Vu, Goliath Jr. and the original X. This would bring the total to 15, beating the world coaster capital, Cedar Point. X was a prototype 4th Dimension roller coaster by Arrow Dynamics.

The ride was planned to open in the summer of 2001, but the opening was delayed when it suffered design flaws. X opened for passholders on December 24, 2001, and officially opened on January 12, 2002. A month before opening, Arrow Dynamics filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy due to the ride's misjudged costs stemming from Six Flags asking for a much larger ride than Arrow had successfully prototyped (This is covered in the 2016 documentary The Legacy of Arrow Development). The manufacturer had lost millions of dollars on the project.

X was closed indefinitely in June 2002 due to issues with the trains. It was discovered that one of the coach seats that flipped riders was not moving smoothly. The ride reopened on August 13, 2002 after modifications were made to make it reliable.

On February 8, 2003, Super Bowl MVP Dexter Jackson took a ride on X as part of a victory celebration of the Tampa Bay Buccaneers football team.

On November 1, 2007, Six Flags Magic Mountain announced a redesign. X closed on December 2, 2007, to be redesigned including new trains with a pneumatic restraint system (an improvement over the original mechanically operated restraints that would frequently jam), a new color scheme of red track and black supports (originally pink track and yellow supports), and an all-new, innovative state-of-the-art visual, audio and sensory effects. In a projected $10 million investment, X reopened on May 24, 2008, as X2. Six Flags Magic Mountain hired S&S Arrow to build new trains for X2. The new trains are lighter to reduce the amount of wear and downtime. X2 also took on a new load/unload method and third train to increase the ride capacity by 50%. Testing of the trains began on March 6, 2008.

The attraction was closed in 2013 due to a broken chain lift. It reopened in January 2014 with only a single train.

Ride experience
The 3,610. ft long layout features two inversions including a skydive, two "raven turns", one backflip, and a twisting front flip. Each car on the train spins on its own independent axis 360 degrees forward or backward, which is being controlled by the outer rails of the track. Unlike traditional roller coasters, 4th Dimension roller coasters like X2 have four rails.

Layout
After departing from the loading station, the ride makes a 180-degree turn traveling over the queue and onto the lift hill. After ascending 175 ft, the train enters a pre-drop and then ascends an additional 15 ft to a maximum height of 190. ft. During this lift, riders are facing backwards. The first drop is 215 ft and is sloped at 88.5 degrees, at the base of which ride vehicles attain a maximum speed of 76 mph.

During the initial drop, the seat assembly is rotated so that riders are positioned facing the ground. There is a pool of fog at the base of the drop, however this effect has not worked in many years. The train then enters an inside raven turn, where the cars are rotated again halfway through the loop to create a "lie-to-fly" maneuver; riders transition from lying on their backs facing backward to a prone position, facing forward. After exiting the raven turn, the trains traverse a hill, during which the seat assemblies rotate backward 360 degrees, simulating a backflip. This is followed by a sweeping fan turn and a half twist "fly-to-lie" maneuver, in which riders flip forward 180 degrees to return to the original position of laying on their backs. Flame throwing special effects can be seen overhead as the train enters an outside raven turn, with a brief pop of fog at the valley, immediately followed by another half twist. The track levels out and the train enters the final brake run before returning to the station.

Trains
X2 is a unique prototype design in which the seats can rotate forward or backward 360 degrees in a controlled spin. This is achieved by having four rails on the track. The two rails that control the spin of the seats move up and down relative to the main track and spin the seats using a rack and pinion gear mechanism. These "rotation" rails don't support the train. The other two rails are for the weight-bearing wheels, capable of supporting these heavy trains.

Weighing 5 t, each vehicle has a wing-shaped design that spans 20 ft. Riders sit on the outside of the coaster track in pairs. Four, 1 ft tall rack gears move up and down following the profile of the seat rotation rails below the vehicle. This gear rotates the seats forwards and backward throughout the ride.

The ride also has an on-board audio soundtrack that features five songs heard throughout the ride:

 * Harry Connick Jr. - "It Had To Be You" (heard as the train exits the station)
 * Portions of R. Lee Ermey's speech from Full Metal Jacket along with various movie quotes (heard on the lift hill)
 * Metallica - "Enter Sandman" (heard on the lift hill)
 * Aerosmith - "Love in an Elevator" (heard right as the train crests the first drop)
 * Beastie Boys - "Sabotage" (heard throughout the ride)
 * Rage Against the Machine - "Wake Up" (heard after the train hits the final brake run)

Similar roller coasters

S&S Arrow opened the second roller coaster of this type, Eejanaika at Fuji-Q Highland in Fujiyoshida, Yamanashi, Japan. Eejanaika (a word with a complex social and political background in Japan) has several meanings, however, "Isn’t it great" or “Who cares” are some relevant meanings. This second 4th Dimension coaster is very similar to X2, but differs in height (Eejanaika is 250 ft tall), and some elements are altered, such as the first 'half-half' element, in which the trains rotate on the track one half turn as the seats also rotate one-half turn, has now been replaced with a 'full-full' element, in which the train rotates on the track for one full turn as the seats rotate one full turn. The turn back towards the lift hill on Eejanaika is a true overbanked turn, while on X2 this turn was not. Dinoconda, a third 4th Dimension coaster, opened at Dinosaur Valley in Shanghai, China in May 2012.

title: X2 (roller coaster)


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Jenny Everywhere

Jenny Everywhere, also known as "The Shifter", is an open-source, freely licensed character, created by Canadian comic book artist Steven Wintle. The character was co-developed by members of the Barbelith online community.

Jenny Everywhere was created when her creators could not find any other truly open-source or public domain characters. She is described both as existing in every reality and being able to shift between realities. This gives the character the ability to be inserted into the continuity of any existing or new work, such as various comics and webcomics. The concept may be extended to other media as well.

Conception
On creating the character, Steven Wintle described her by saying:

"She has short, dark hair. She usually wears aviation goggles on top of her head and a scarf around her neck. Otherwise, she dresses in comfortable clothes. She is average size and has a good body image. She has loads of confidence and charisma. She appears to be Asian or Native American. She has a ready smile."

He went on to describe her as "if Tintin listened to Le Tigre and joined the Fantastic Four. She's excitable, passionate, attentive, curious, and caring. Like Captain Marvel, she's just a really powerful kid." Jenny's creation was in part inspired by Octobriana.

Licensing
The creators of the character insist that any work involving her must include the following text: "The character of Jenny Everywhere is available for use by anyone, with only one condition: This paragraph must be included in any publication involving Jenny Everywhere, that others might use this property as they wish. All rights reversed." This does not mean everything with Jenny Everywhere is free-use and uncopyrighted, and people may still maintain copyrights on their own unique characters and character styling, story, artwork, and title. The "All Rights Reversed" portion refers to the character's name, her characteristics, and the idea of the character is uncopyrightable, as Jenny Everywhere "belongs to everyone".

Being that Jenny Everywhere is a free-culture character with no official site or publication, it has been up to the creators of any story involving The Shifter to decide if they want to link to the continuity of other peoples' work or not. For example; in Alex Hernandez's story Soulless Mate, a prominent character is one of Jenny's boyfriends from the My Bloody Valentine story. In another writer's story, this connection may not have happened.

Stories and appearances
Most of the stories for Jenny Everywhere exist strictly as webcomics, and many had a science fiction or superhero theme. In 2003, Nelson Evergreen and Joe Macaré had made a limited 50-unit self-publication of their stories, Name's Not Down and Damn Fine Hostile Takeover. The character of Jenny Everywhere has not been limited to independent stories, and she has appeared in a number of existing webcomics as cameos and crossovers.

Jenny appeared as a presenter for the 2008 Web Cartoonists' Choice Awards, presenting the category for Outstanding Character Rendering.

Several open source spin-off characters exist in the Jenny Everywhere universe, including:
 * Laura Drake, who often has a close relationship with the Jenny of her universe, whether it is as friends, lovers, or even enemies.
 * Jenny Nowhere, the "Anti-Shifter", who appears in widely different incarnations but keeps recurring as an antagonist.
 * Jenny Somewhere, a clone of Jenny who has an imperfect replica of her powers that leaves her imperiled sometimes.
 * Jenny Anywhere, a woman who can shift in dimensions but not time-travel and is a sometimes rival of Jenny Everywhere.
 * Jimmy Wherever—also known as the Shiftee—a non-powered Canadian male who is Jenny's boyfriend and can jump realities by holding her hand.
 * Jimmy Anytime, a clone of Jimmy Wherever who was created to capture Jenny Anywhere but eventually became her boyfriend.
 * Johnny Everywhere, a version of Jenny Everywhere who is a trans man, and sometimes also known as The Shifter.

Contests
There have been several one-time, single strips as well that have appeared as entries to Strip Fight contests. Strip Fight is a website that hosts bi-monthly contests in which people are invited to create a single comic strip, based on a given theme. Jenny Everywhere has been the subject of two different Strip Fight contests in 2004 and 2007.

In 2008, The Shifter Archive and WAGON Webcomic Battle ran a drawing contest on the subject of Jenny Everywhere. Entrants were to compete for one of three official Jenny Everywhere game cards to be used in the WAGON Webcomic Battle Trading Card Game. Third Place was awarded to Zack Holmes, whose card was placed within the Beta Deck. Second Place was awarded to Jacob Burrows, whose card was placed in the Alpha Deck. First place was awarded to Benj Christensen, whose card was deemed a Rare and Promotional Card. These cards have been put into print in November 2008.

Jenny Everywhere Day
Artists and storytellers create new works for the annual Jenny Everywhere Day on August 13. Organized by Benj Christensen in 2009, the event presents such standalone art, cameos in other works, and stories as the fan base has created.

Several works have established August 13 as Jenny's in-universe birthday.

Critical response
After several complete webcomics and the original launch of jennyeverywhere.com, The Shifter received much praise in niche online communities. The character was recognized in the September 2003 issue of the Canadian publication of Exclaim!, which described the character as being "born in a colossal explosion of energy like many of her copyrighted cousins, but unlike Superman or the Hulk, she belongs wholly to the people."

title: Jenny Everywhere


text: User talk:144.139.191.4

title: User talk:144.139.191.4


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Images in Vogue

Images in Vogue is a Canadian new wave group formed in 1981 in Vancouver. It originally consisted of vocalist Dale Martindale, guitarist Don Gordon (later of Numb), synth players Joe Vizvary and Glen Nelson, bassist Gary Smith, and percussionist Kevin Crompton (better known as cEvin Key). The band's manager was Kim Clarke Champniss, who later became a MuchMusic VJ.

1980–1991: Formation and Canadian popularity
The band released four EPs before their full-length debut, 1985's In the House. Their first notable chart hit was "Lust for Love", from the 1983 self-titled EP. The EP reached No. 97 on the Canadian albums chart. Gordon left the band in 1984, and was replaced by Ed Shaw.

Their debut album, 1985's In the House reached No. 85 on the Canadian albums chart. IIV was recognized for their hard work with a Juno Award nomination for Most Promising Group in November 1985. Their song "In the House" won the 1986 CASBY Award for Single of the Year, with the band named Group of the Year.

Crompton left Images in Vogue in 1986, indicating that the band's "new romantic" sound was too commercial for his tastes, and concentrated on his side project Skinny Puppy. Crompton was replaced by Derrick Gyles. Nelson also left the same year, and was replaced by Tim Welch. In 1987 IIV won 2 more Casby awards and won Group of the year

The band briefly considered changing its name to The Spell while recording its 1988 album, but discovered that an Australian band was already using that name. The album—but not the band—ended up titled as The Spell, although there was still confusion as the band name "Images In Vogue" did not appear on the LP label or the front cover. (The band name "Images In Vogue" did appear on the spine—and very quickly, to combat the confusion, a sticker was added to the front cover with the words "Images In Vogue" prominently displayed.)

The Spell album was not commercially successful, however, and by June 1988, Images in Vogue could no longer count on the support of its record label. This, combined with the band's internal conflicts, influenced Gary Smith to leave the band. Images in Vogue's final concert featuring original content was at Toronto's Opera House in November 1991, after which the band unofficially split as members pursued different ventures.

1994: Best of Collection
In 1994 the band released their first compilation album titled, Best of Collection, on SPG Music Ltd. The collection featured their greatest hits, extended versions and an orchestral version of "Lust for Love". The selections were culled from recordings made between March 1982–October 1984.

2002–2010: Live performances, compilation albums and Being Erica
Since breaking up in 1991, the band has continued to release various compilation CDs featuring remixes and live, rare, and unreleased songs; additionally, rare, commercially unreleased tracks are made available for download by the band at its website.

Images in Vogue reunited for gigs at Toronto's Opera House in 2002 and at Vancouver's Commodore Ballroom in 2004, and again in Toronto in 2012 as a special guest opening act for Spoons at their 30th anniversary show for their Arias & Symphonies album.

The song "Lust for Love" was featured in a 2009 episode of the Canadian comedy-drama television series, Being Erica. The penultimate episode of the first season, entitled "Erica the Vampire Slayer", features Erica traveling back in time to 2001 to attend a vampire-themed role play party.

Their 2010 compilation album, Prototypes contains demo tracks and alternate recordings.

2017: Incipience vinyl box set
In 2017 the band released a 4 LP coloured vinyl box set, Incipience. The collection includes, Incipience 1: Studio Tracks 1981-1982, Incipience 2: Prerelease - Educated Man, Incipience 3: Extended Play Redux and Incipience 4: Live at LuvAFair October 6th, 1982. Limited to 200 copies this set collects some of Images in Vogue's earliest recordings, and represents the group's initial, possibly most famous line-up of Dale Martindale, Joe Vizvary, Glen Nelson, Gary Smith, Kevin Crompton, and Don Gordon.

The set includes the band's long-lost first unreleased album; unreleased demos; the band's first, now rare EPs; the self-titled Images in Vogue EP, including b-sides and rarities; and an unreleased 1982 live performance at Vancouver's famous Luv-A-Fair club. The limited box set includes limited colour vinyl LPs, download cards, and a bonus insert, all collected in a unique box designed by the band. The vinyl versions are available for individual sale while the 4th vinyl, Incipience 4: Live at LuvAFair October 6th, 1982, was also released individually on CD with bonus tracks. All of the tracks on the box set are available for individual download online.

The first vinyl, Incipience 1: Studio Tracks 1981-1982, features the group's earliest demos, as well as the long-lost, unreleased first album. These tracks represent the first-ever studio recordings by Kevin Crompton, as well as of vocalist Dale Martindale and were recorded in 1981 and 1982 in Vancouver, Canada's Bullfrog, Water Street, and Mushroom Studios.

The second vinyl, Incipience 2: Prerelease - Educated Man, collects Pre-Release, originally released with 500 copies in June 1982 and Educated Man, originally released with 1,000 copies in October 1982. These were the first vinyl releases by the group, as well as the first appearances on vinyl from Dale Martindale (vocals), Joe Vizvary (synths), Kevin Crompton and Don Gordon.

The third vinyl, Incipience 3: Extended Play Redux features the band's first major label release from October 1983. The self-titled record features the top 30 single "Lust for Love", and this re-release also includes remixes and b-sides from the "Lust for Love" and "Just Like You" 7” singles. The recordings were produced by Joe Vizvary and Lindsay Kidd, with assistance by Dave Ogilvie in Vancouver's Mushroom and Little Mountain Studios. The tracks have been remastered and the sleeve includes enhanced artwork.

The fourth vinyl, Incipience 4: Live at LuvAFair October 6th, 1982, features a 35-year-old live performance at the Vancouver club, Luv-A-Fair. Recorded live on October 6, 1982, the vinyl includes an unreleased recording of Images in Vogue's 12th live performance. The concert was the premiere performance of the band's hit, "Lust for Love", as well as the live debut of then-new member Glen Nelson. Live personnel include Joe Vizvary, Gary Blair Smith, Dale Martindale, Don Gordon, and Kevin Crompton. The tracks were mastered for vinyl and the CD version includes 6 bonus live tracks.

2018–present: Reunion
Since 2018, Images in Vogue has returned to performing occasionally at various events around Ontario.

In May 2020, cEvin Key hosted a live video chat on YouTube with the original 6 members of Images in Vogue. Joining Key were Joe Vizvary, Dale Martindale, Gary Smith, Don Gordon, and Glen Nelson. It was the first such reunion of the original band members in 35 years.

Studio albums

 * In the House (1985) (#85 Canada(5 weeks) )
 * The Spell (1988)

Live albums

 * Incipience 4: Live at LuvAFair October 6, 1982 (2017)

Compilation albums

 * Best of Collection (1994)
 * Collection Version 2.0 : Chronology (2004)
 * Collection Version 3.0 : Evolution (2006)
 * Prototypes (2010)
 * Incipience 1: Studio Tracks 1981-1982 (2017)
 * Incipience 2: Prerelease - Educated Man (2017)
 * Incipience 3: Extended Play Redux (2017)

Box sets

 * Incipience (2017)

Extended plays

 * Pre-Release (1982)
 * Educated Man (1982)
 * Images in Vogue (1983) (#97 Canada (4 weeks) )
 * Rituals (1984)

Singles

 * "Lust for Love" (1983)
 * "Just Like You" (1984)
 * "Rescue Me" (1984)
 * "Call It Love" (1985)
 * "Save It" (1985)
 * "In the House" (1985/1986)
 * "So Careful" (1988)
 * "Strangers" (1988)
 * "Look Me In the Eye" (2004)

title: Images in Vogue