text:
Princess Alice

Princess Alice may refer to:

People

 * Princess Alice of the United Kingdom (1843–1878), third child and second daughter of Queen Victoria
 * Princess Alice of Bourbon-Parma (born 1849) (1849–1935), daughter of Charles III, Duke of Parma, and Princess Louise d'Artois
 * Princess Alice, Countess of Athlone (1883–1981), a member of the British royal family, last surviving grandchild of Queen Victoria
 * Princess Alice of Battenberg (1885–1969), great-granddaughter of Queen Victoria, mother of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, and mother-in-law of Queen Elizabeth II
 * Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester (1901–2004), wife of Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester
 * Princess Alicia of Bourbon-Parma (1917–2017), daughter of Elias, Duke of Parma, and Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria

Other uses

 * SS Princess Alice, multiple ships with the name
 * Princess Alice Bank, a submerged seamount in the Azores

title: Princess Alice


text:
Talk:AS-101

Untitled
"Ten seconds later the LES was jettisoned as planned"

LES? What LES? It is not clear what the LES is.

LES stands for Launch Escape System Paul Srch 20:24, 19 December 2006 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:AS-101


text: User talk:80.47.63.98

title: User talk:80.47.63.98


text:
Ego (magazine)

Ego Magazine was an online magazine geared towards the Desi [South Asian] diaspora. It published articles on culture, fashion, design, travel & entertainment. It also had sections on economic & political issues, technology and translations of Urdu and Hindi poetry. A highly popular online magazine, it was read by over 35,000 regular readers a month from over 55 countries when it started in 2003 and was particularly popular in the United States, Canada, Britain and Australia.

EGO Magazine [Dec 2003 - Sep 2011] was founded by Ayesha Khanna and headquartered in Manhattan, New York.

title: Ego (magazine)


text:
5-Methyluridine

The chemical compound 5-methyluridine (symbol m5U or m5U), also called ribothymidine (rT), is a pyrimidine nucleoside. It is the ribonucleoside counterpart to the deoxyribonucleoside thymidine, which lacks a hydroxyl group at the 2' position. 5-Methyluridine contains a thymine base joined to a ribose pentose sugar. It is a white solid.

m5U is one of the most common modifications made to cellular RNA. It almost universally occurs in position 54 (part of the T arm) of eukaryotic and bacterial tRNA, serving to stabilize the molecule. The same "T-loop" motif occurs in many other forms of noncoding RNA such as tmRNA and rRNA. Loss of the tRNA modification does not usually produce a different, less fit, phenotype.

title: 5-Methyluridine


text:
Tequilero

Tequilero de Primera is a certification bestowed upon someone who has completed an approved seminar on tequila and is therefore authorized to promote tequila from Mexico. Seminars and eventual certification can be obtained from the Western Mexican state of Jalisco.

The term "tequilero" also refers to Mexicans, who helped to smuggle alcohol into the United States during the Era of Prohibition from 1920 to 1933, a time when the United States outlawed the sale, manufacture, and transportation of non-religious alcohol.

title: Tequilero


text:
Project FUBELT

Project FUBELT (also known as Track II) is the codename for the secret Central Intelligence Agency operations that were to prevent Salvador Allende's rise to power before his confirmation and to promote a military coup in Chile. This project came after the circumstantial failure of Track I, which involved making president Eduardo Frei Montalva interfere with the 1970 national election in opposition to Allende.

The highlights of Project FUBELT are cited in declassified US government documents released by the National Security Archive on September 11, 1998, 25 years after the coup, as well as in papers uncovered by a 1975 congressional inquiry.

Peter Kornbluh, a senior analyst at the National Security Archive and the director of the Chile Documentation Project, reveals in his book The Pinochet File the participation of the US in fomenting the military coup in Chile in the covert CIA Project FUBELT.

CIA memoranda and reports on Project FUBELT include meetings between United States Secretary of State Henry Kissinger and CIA officials, CIA cables to its Santiago station, and summaries of secret action in 1970, detailing decisions and operations to undermine the election of Salvador Allende in September 1970 and to promote a military coup.

In November 1970, after the failure of the operation with the killing of general René Schneider, the US National Security Council issued National Security Decision Memorandum 93, which replaced FUBELT.

Background
The US was particularly interested in the election of Salvador Allende because of his Marxist ideologies. Taking place during the Cold War and after the Cuban Revolution, then US president Richard Nixon was worried that Chile would become another communist link in Latin America. He authorized the CIA to involve itself in the Chilean national election of 1970. There were two plans in this involvement, Track I and Track II. After the circumstantial failure of Track I, Project FUBELT, being Track II, was pursued.

Plan
The operation itself was aimed at creating a 'coup-climate' in which a coup would best take place. This, as ordered by Richard Nixon, authorized $10 million to the CIA to conduct this operation. To this day, this is the only record in US history of a US president ordering the overthrow of a democratically elected leader in a foreign country. Several days after Nixon's 15 September directive to create a coup in Chile, the CIA began to plan economic, political, and psychological warfare tactics to create a climate in which a coup would thrive.

Then commander in chief, Gen. René Schneider, stood in the way of this operation because he was a constitutionalist and thus did not support a coup to overthrow Allende. As part of the plan to dispel any obstacles by Schneider, the CIA hired retired General Robert Viaux, active General Camilo Valenzuela, and Admiral Hugo Tirado to kidnap René Schneider. This kidnapping was part of a longer plan by the CIA which includes:

 * Kidnapping General René Schneider
 * Secretly flying Schneider to Argentina
 * Replacing Schneider with a coup supporter
 * Military would declare that kidnapping was the doing of Allende supporters
 * Declare martial law
 * Sweep through majority-lower-class areas where Allende's supporters resided, wiping out opposition
 * Declaring elections null

Attached to this plan was a request for $50,000 to pay the three individuals who were going to kidnap Schneider. It is worth noting that there was no plan by the CIA to conduct a subsequent democratic election after this plan took place.

On October 22, the group of CIA-hired individuals attempted to kidnap the general, but instead ended up shooting him. He was taken to the military hospital in Santiago where he succumbed to his wounds three days later.

Chilean reaction
The Chilean people were shocked by the attempted kidnapping and subsequent killing of General Schneider. This was used as a motivating force for the Chilean public to overwhelmingly support Chilean constitutionalism, and thus support the election of Allende on 3 November 1970.

Continued US operations
In the face of overwhelming discontent from Chileans for the assassination of Schneider, the three hired to go through with the coup backed out. Two of three of these individuals were arrested in conspiracy, and the other, Hugo Tirado, was paid $35,000.

After the failure of Project FUBELT to create a coup before the election of Allende, the US State Department suggested that the US should accept Allende's election and work toward his defeat in the 1976 election. Nixon's national security advisor, Henry Kissinger, instead encouraged a more forceful reaction by the US. Kissinger justifies this by claiming that Allende will try to swindle the US, saying that Allende wants to "...Be internationally respectable, move cautiously and pragmatically, avoid immediate confrontation with [the US], move slowly in formalizing relations with Cuba and other socialist countries...".

Kissinger is also quoted telling Nixon, "The election of Allende poses one of the most serious challenges ever faced in this hemisphere, and your decision as to what to do may be the most historic and difficult foreign policy decision you will have to make this year".

Covert Operation Program for Chile
In response to Kissinger's forceful approach to dealing with Allende post-Track II failure, the US government went ahead with the 'Covert Operation Program for Chile,' which was a series of political and psychological warfare tactics aimed at creating disdain and opposition for Allende. The five points of this plan were as follows:

 * Political action to divide and weaken the Allende coalition;
 * Maintaining and enlarging contacts in the Chilean military;
 * Providing support to non-Marxist opposition political groups and parties;
 * Assisting certain periodicals and using other media outlets in Chile which can speak out against the Allende government and
 * Using selected media outlets to play up Allende's subversion of the democratic process and involvement by Cuba and the Soviet Union in Chile.

Revelations from declassified documents
Among the revelations in the formerly secret documents were the following:
 * Handwritten notes, taken by CIA director Richard Helms, record the orders of President Richard Nixon, to foster a coup in Chile
 * In the first meeting between Helms and high agency officials on the secret operations codenamed "FUBELT", a special task force under the supervision of CIA Deputy Director for Plans, Thomas Karamessines, is established, headed by veteran agent David Atlee Phillips. The memorandum notes that the CIA must prepare an action plan for National Security Advisor Henry Kissinger within 48 hours.
 * Henry Kissinger, Thomas Karamessines and Alexander Haig (military assistant to Henry Kissinger), in a meeting on October 15, 1970, discuss promoting a coup in Chile, known as "Track II" of covert operations. Kissinger orders the CIA to "continue keeping the pressure on every Allende weak spot in sight.
 * In a secret cable, Thomas Karamessines conveyed Kissinger's orders to CIA station chief in Santiago, Henry Hecksher: "It is firm and continuing policy that Allende be overthrown by a coup."
 * The CIA ran a series of secret operations intended to push President Eduardo Frei Montalva to support "a military coup which would prevent Allende from taking office on 3 November."
 * After Salvador Allende's election, the United States considered trying to get Chile expelled from the Organization of American States.
 * Embassy officers and the State Department Policy Planning office called for the cutting off of economic and military assistance to Pinochet's government on human rights grounds, but were overruled by the Ambassador and officials of The Pentagon and Treasury Department.

Repercussions to declassification
Many of the CIA documents recounting the events of this operation were released on 11 September 1998. Following this, on 10 September 2001, the relatives of assassinated general René Schneider filed a suit in the Federal Court of Washington DC, accusing Henry Kissinger of orchestrating the assassination of Schneider.

title: Project FUBELT


text: Category:Arminia Bielefeld players

title: Category:Arminia Bielefeld players


text: User:Edward/Gallery

title: User:Edward/Gallery


text:
Avram Iancu, Bihor

Avram Iancu (until 1932 Chemenfoc, from 1932 to 1950 Regina Maria; ; Keményfok) is a commune in Bihor County, in Crișana, Romania. The commune is composed of three villages: Ant (Ant), Avram Iancu and Tămașda (Tamáshida). The majority of the population (96%) in Avram Iancu village is Romanian. Overall, the commune is 74.7% Romanian, 15.6% Roma, and 9.6% Hungarian. The architecture of the commune is typical for a Romanian field village: the main street traverses the village, houses being equally distributed along it.

Location
Geographically, it is situated at the border of Bihor County with Arad County and with Hungary, at exactly the same distance, 60 km, from the capital cities of the two counties, Oradea and Arad. The commune is crossed by the European road E671. The nearest city is Salonta, 18 km to the north.

History

The first official documentation of human settlement in the area dates back to 1169. The document mentions a very small village called Villa Tamasd, which in fact is the village Tămașda, a component of the today commune. In the early 1600 the establishment was destroyed being caught in a battle between the Turkish and Hungarian armies. In 1700 the establishment and its surroundings were transformed in a fiefdom for a Hungarian noble.

The today's village of Avram Iancu was founded in the early 1900s by Romanian colonists who came from the eastern region of Bihor County. They received here land from King Ferdinand I of Romania, the village being named Regina Maria after Ferdinand's wife, Queen Marie. In 1950, under the Communist regime, it was renamed after the 1848 Revolution Romanian hero Avram Iancu.

Economy

Due to its fertile lands Avram Iancu is one of the biggest producers of agricultural products (vegetables) within Bihor County, supplying the markets for the neighboring cities with fresh high-quality vegetable products. During the communist times, there were just a few households doing intensive production on very small surfaces of land. After the Romanian Revolution of 1989 the proportion of households employed in this activity boosted to over 80%, more than a half being specialized in extensive cultures on large areas of land.

Natives

 * Iosif Matula (born 1958), engineer and politician
 * Dănilă Papp (1868–1950), Romanian officer who served in World War I and the Hungarian–Romanian War

title: Avram Iancu, Bihor


text: User:Brian Olsen/sandbox

title: User:Brian Olsen/sandbox


text:
Talk:Sociology of the family

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page.

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This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Munsk000.

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This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 23 January 2019 and 15 May 2019. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Abbysabloff.

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This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 15 August 2019 and 22 November 2019. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Amhorton1.

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Old edits
here is a starter:http://unabridged.merriam-webster.com/cgi-bin/unabridged?va=family&x=0&y=0

http://unabridged.merriam-webster.com/cgi-bin/thesaurus?book=Thesaurus&va=family

I have removed a section on the Marxist view of the Family. It is written in an unencyclopaedic manner: it takes a preaching tone, lacks sufficient references, and uses bad English. It also seems out-of-place here - either the perspectives of a range of world views should be discussed or none. TimRR 04:37, 20 November 2006 (UTC)

Merge of content
I have merged the best content from the sociology of fatherhood/motherhood articles here and replaced with a redirect. I had raised the topic of a merge but these articles gain little attention - I have tried to be bold.

It is debatable, furthermore, whether the sociology of childhood article should also be merged into this one (again with 'sociology of childhood' as the subheading of a redirect). In many cases in the sociology portal, we have a number of separate articles diluting the overall coherency.--Tomsega (talk) 07:21, 1 June 2010 (UTC)

 * I agree with the merge. May I suggest in the future to make a notice of such proposals at WP:SOCIO?
 * PS. Could you comment on this removal?
 * PPS. I see you moved that to history of the family. When moving content between articles, it is a good policy to make a note in the edit summary to which article content is being moved (and in that article, an edit summary note about from where it was moved). --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus 16:42, 1 June 2010 (UTC)

Comment on section: Statistics on American Families
In looking at the section "Statistics on American Families," I noticed that some of the data does not specify the date of the statistic. Since these types of statistics can change, I think a date is important.

Some did note the dates and even the source in the list, but I think a citation link would be better. Especially for the data that is located online (like US Census data). Kathyfeller (talk) 21:12, 11 October 2010 (UTC)

Sociology of Interracial Intimacy
''The fact that Chinese and White intermarriage became criminalized in 1901 was more than just inhumane. ''

Marriage is by state law, so it needs to be clear which state in the U.S. the 1901 law is referring to. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Ncepts (talk • contribs) 23:45, 24 March 2011 (UTC)

In 1942, the American Psychiatric Association declared that Homosexuality was a disease.

This is neither a statistic, nor related to families, and has since been removed from the DSM. A few other entries can similarly be removed because they don't seem to relate to the topic.

--Aschrock (talk) 03:25, 11 May 2011 (UTC)

Sociology of Motherhood
I think that there should be an elaboration on not just the roles of mothers in different societies. I think that there should be some elaboration on opting out for mothers and when mothers from other countries travel to other countries to earn money. They only elaborated on roles not so much different types of motherhood.

Bed28 (talk) 04:13, 12 September 2011 (UTC)

Educational assignments
This article was subject to the following educational assignments:
 * (2012) Canada Education Program/Courses/The Rhetoric of Digital and Interactive Media Environments (Rhonda McEwen)
 * (2015)? It is likely that several major edits in mid-April 2015 were done by students, but no course/institution/instructor has identified themselves as carrying out this course. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 01:11, 21 April 2015 (UTC)
 * I agree that this is problematic, as the students, well-intentioned though they be, are completely rewriting entire sections of the article without obtaining consensus for such rewrites. It is one thing to expand an article with new information, but to overwrite existing, well-sourced material requires discussion first. WikiDan61 ChatMe!ReadMe!! 11:45, 21 April 2015 (UTC)
 * I haven't noticed that. That is indeed troublesome. Can you link diffs in which old content was overwritten? PS. Please note I am leaving talk page questions for all the (presumed) students, but they have not replied yet. Soon we will know if the assignment is "edit once a week" type or "hit'n'run edit once and be gone forever" type, I guess. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 03:27, 22 April 2015 (UTC)
 * This edit completely rewrote the Sociology of the family section. WikiDan61 ChatMe!ReadMe!! 04:39, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

 * Got an ID: . I guess we should pass it to the Educational Foundation US? --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 08:13, 22 April 2015 (UTC)
 * Update: done. Let's see if the instructor (or the students) join our conversation here. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 05:24, 23 April 2015 (UTC)

Worldwide view issues
This article was tagged with worldwide views cleanup template in 2013, but it was never explained here. I second it; as usual this article tends to focus on American society too much. American family is not the same as British, Chinese or Nigerian. Keep this in mind. If a source discusses American family, this should be clarified, and date from American sources such as US census should not be used to generalize to findings on family in general, but only on the American one--Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 01:14, 21 April 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sociology of the family


text: User talk:70.84.223.114

title: User talk:70.84.223.114


text:
User talk:Zoe/archive 15

It appears you are back! Good to see you! Tuf-Kat 02:47, Nov 30, 2004 (UTC)

Over a year and a half ago, you redirected Days of our Lives to Days of Our Lives. I've been defending the article title but it would probably be best if you post there and tell them why you redirected to O and not o. Mike H 00:25, Dec 9, 2004 (UTC)

Unverified images
Hi! Thanks for uploading the following image:

 * Image:IsabellaRossellini.jpg

I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag. Could you add one to let us know its copyright status? (You can use if you release it under the GNU Free Documentation License,  if you claim fair use, etc.) If you don't know what any of this means, just let me know at my talk page where you got the images and I'll tag them for you. Thanks so much. [[User:Poccil|Peter O. (Talk, automation script)]] 22:22, Dec 10, 2004 (UTC)

P.S. You can help tag other images at User:Yann/Untagged_Images. Thanks again.

Unverified images
Hi! Thanks for uploading the following image:

 * Image:Diamond_Head.jpg

I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag. Could you add one to let us know its copyright status? (You can use if you release it under the GNU Free Documentation License,  if you claim fair use, etc.) If you don't know what any of this means, just let me know at my talk page where you got the images and I'll tag them for you. Thanks so much. [[User:Poccil|Peter O. (Talk, automation script)]] 06:04, Dec 11, 2004 (UTC)

P.S. You can help tag other images at User:Yann/Untagged_Images. Thanks again.

Also: Image:RobertDeNiro.jpg

Mondegreen query in Talk:Stinking_badges

 * What's the term for mishearing song lyrics, like "'Scuse me while I kiss this guy?" -- Zoe
 * The term often used for misheard song lyrics or poems is mondegreen. I moved your query out of the talk section, as it seemed out of context. -Fuzzy 14:08, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)

We miss you!
Yo Zoe? Where are you? We miss you! "Antonio The Guess Martin"

 * Still missing you. Kingturtle 15:53, 12 May 2005 (UTC)

Interested in an L.A.-area Wiki meetup?
It appears as though L.A. has never had a Wiki meetup. Would you be interested in attending such an event? If so, checkout User:Eric Shalov/Wikimeetup

- Eric 16:39, 23 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Akihito
hi there Zoe, I am trying to get a discussion going on renaming Akihito maybe you care to comment in the talk page? thanks, looking forward... Bhinneka 29 June 2005 12:55 (UTC)

Image:ElectoralCollege1836.jpg
I am putting one of your uploaded images for IFD, reason being that it is obsolete and orphaned. The image is superseded by Image:ElectoralCollege1836-Large.png. Splintercellguy 1 July 2005 18:41 (UTC)

Welcome back
Welcome back Zoe. Good to see you again. If you have any questions about things that have changed in your absence, just drop me a line. →Raul654 06:24, August 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Just to echo Raul - good to see you again :-) Dan100 (Talk) 13:50, August 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * It's great to see you back. I came on board shortly after you left, but I've seen the work you've done. Welcome back! --Deathphoenix 13:59, 8 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Wanted to add my welcome back too -- I didn't interact with you much when the beginning of my tenure overlapped with the end of yours, but I have encountered your good work everywhere, especially on the film articles, and I was really sad when such a dedicated user left us. I'm glad to have you back!  — Catherine\talk 17:28, 14 August 2005 (UTC)

Nintendo NSider Forums vandalism
Just wanted you to know if you haven't already seen, there seems to be many users or one user using many IP's vandalizing this page and a few other related pages so you might want to keep an eye on this page. Jtkiefer T - 07:56, August 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Though I am loathe to admit defeat on this I would bge in support of temporary protection of the page just to stem the tide of vandalism.  Jtkiefer  T - 08:03, August 8, 2005 (UTC)

No idea, I'd say leave a note on the situation including a diff on the article's talk page and let someone who knows the topic sort it out, though I wouldn't blame you if you reverted on the merits that the ip and question has no legit. edits. Jtkiefer T - 08:20, August 8, 2005 (UTC)

My name links to Arun Gandhi because I am in that picture with Arun Gandhi and Sunanda Gandhi. I am also the owner of that picture. It was taken with my camera. Aesculapius75 10:03, 8 August 2005 (UTC)

Filmographies
First of all (from one long-time contributor who disappeared for a while to another), thanks for your comments about the proposed filmography secton. I understand your concern about using tables, which is why, if you take a look at the code used in the page, that I used a series of templates and variables to compose the tables, similar to how many of the new taxoboxes work, just slightly more complicated. In this way, it should be easy not only to update new information, but to add new entries as time goes on.

Take a look at that and let me know what you think. Thanks! R ADICAL B ENDER ★  13:56, August 8, 2005 (UTC)

Here's hoping...
You're back to stay, and that you can avoid enough of the admin tasks and policy discussions so that it remains fun for you. It'll be nice to see you around the place. :-) Best wishes, Jwrosenzweig 19:39, 8 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I never encounter the editor in question any more, although apparently he still edits on occasion (according to his contribution history). I think the last time I saw him involved in any dispute here was about a year ago (and he was decidedly in the minority).  Thanks for your note, Jwrosenzweig 23:38, 9 August 2005 (UTC)

Michael Parodi
The posted info is a malicious hack job, ethnic origin is incorrect, irrelevant and not germane, and in general the facts are incorrect and not pertinate.... romer

I related the linking to my page to the fact that I am the son of Michael Parodi. That I am his son is a fact. It is common on Wikipedia for profiles to include biographies. My father's biography includes the fact that I am his son, and I see nothing wrong with linking my own name back to my page on Amazon.com. I will compromise and edit out the linking to the picture of me with Arun Gandhi. But I'm afraid if it is within your powers to do so, you are going to have to eventually ban me from editing because I'm not going to stop referring to myself in my father's biography. It is justified that he have a biography, and it is justified that I be mentioned in that biography because I am his son. I do not mention my other siblings in his biography because I do not have their permission. This is ultimately a very subjective matter up to the whims of personal opinion. What we simply have here is a difference of personal opinion.

Show me where it is a rule on Wikipedia that children cannot be listed on? I recall seeing many references to the children of public figures. For example, very appropriate for this discussion, look on Arun Gandhi's page. There is mention of Arun Gandhi's children. Most likely, what irritates you about this is that I am both the son of Michael Parodi AND the creator of this page. You're entitled to your opinion -- and so am I. Lastly, it's absolute nonsense that you think it is "vandalism" for me to link to my page and to the picture of me with Arun Gandhi. In point of fact, it is something you do not agree with. Vandalism, in the real world, is defined as some sort of defacing of private property. Wikipedia is a place where anyone can edit, and that is what I have done. Also, banning me from editing is futile because I'll just use another username to edit it. And then you can ban that username... and on ... and on ... and on... But more power to you if that's what you feel you want to do. Aesculapius75 16:42, 10 August 2005 (UTC)

re:Speedy finger
Your recent message sort of reminds me of my other pet peeves :-) Zzyzx11 (Talk) 07:11, 10 August 2005 (UTC)
 * When another admin speedy deletes an article seconds before I do, causing an error message.
 * When another user reverts a page seconds before I click on the Rollback link, causing another error message.

Israel
Please be more careful. I am not a vandal and have no connection to the anon. There is no scientific evidence for Judaism in the 17th century BC/BCE. In fact the evidence makes it most unlikely. --Zero 10:11, 10 August 2005 (UTC)

Harry Potter vandal
I agree that User:24.21.191.65 is a good one to keep an eye on. I'm not entirely sure, though, that their edits to Harry Potter were malicious vandalism. It almost looks like bumbling editing. I've been in some email contact with the user, and he's trying to turn over a new leaf. I wouldn't take him off the watchlist, though. Joyous (talk) 11:21, August 10, 2005 (UTC)

Ongoing AOL block problem
RE: Your user name or IP address has been blocked by Zoe.

The reason given is this: Autoblocked because your IP address has been recently used by "Aesculapius75". The reason given for Aesculapius75's block is: "repeated vandalism of Michael Parodi".

You can email Zoe or one of the other administrators to discuss the block. You may also edit your user talk page if you wish. If you believe that our blocking policy was violated, you may discuss the block publicly on the WikiEN-l mailing list. Note that you may not use the "email this user" feature unless you have a Wikipedia account and a valid email address registered in your user preferences.

Your IP address is 207.200.116.67. Please include this address, along with your username, in any queries you make.

 * I am not this person, but I do use the AOL/IP. This IP has been placed on "the list" which requires blocks for less than 15 minutes due to its use by multiple users.  Please see that list.  I would appreciate a quick release so that I can go back to work.  Thank you.  WBardwin 21:46, 10 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Thank you for your response. Yes, JRM kindly released the block.  I don't understand the intricacies of the AOL/Proxy issue, but it does seem to hit me regularly.  I'm even keeping what JRM calls a trophy page:  User:WBardwin/AOL Block Collection.  I hope the software guys can address the issue in the near future.  Peace.  WBardwin 02:55, 11 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Hello --- your block just hit me again, but I can edit your talk page. It's seems strange, but has happened before.  I'll go away for a little while and see if it clears by itself. If you see this fairly soon, please check and see if the block has been reapplied.  Thanks.  WBardwin 04:01, 11 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I've sent Brion Vibber a message, as you suggested. But his talk page clearly states that he pays little attention to any mail.  I've notified the "bug" people in the past and received no response to date.  So how about simply releasing the block as JRM did before?  Thank you.  WBardwin 06:09, 11 August 2005 (UTC)

Success! Thanks. And it's not just your talk page -- I've been bouncing around on some of mine and other users -- doing a few little cleanup things. This whole process is always confusing to me. Peace. WBardwin 06:33, 11 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Outside clarification: AOL users are rotated through caching proxies. This means they potentially get a new IP address with every edit they make. Some of these addresses may be blocked, while others are not, which is what causes the seemingly erratic behaviour. The flip side is that vandals coming through AOL can't be effectively blocked either—you can disable their accounts, but this won't stop them from editing completely. It is a major PITA, of course. JRM · Talk 07:32, 11 August 2005 (UTC)

Belzebuub
Gordon Bennett! Why are people bothering to debate this? Considering this demon's antiquity, you'd think he'd have learned to spell his name properly by now... Tearlach 23:55, 10 August 2005 (UTC)

Banning of Aesculapius
Dear Zoe,

First, let me say that I agreed with your request to ban User:Aesculapius75 (I will call him 'Asclape' for spelling ease sake) for 24 hours. I also posted a notice to that effect on his user talk page to that effect, but he has since erased it.

On the other hand, I don't know if you've noticed but Asclape now appears to have no intentions of posting any further posts at Wiki as a result of this. It is my theory that every editor at Wiki has something valuable to say, the only thing is that they sometimes don't know exactly how to say it. I try to practice this theory whenever I disagree with another editor, and rather than trying to simply confront them and let them figure everything out for themselves, I often try to work together with them and to try to help them say whatever it is that they are trying to say without violating Wiki policies. In doing this, I have often found that I end up by making friends out of potential enemies, rather than the other way around.

In following this theory, I have gone ahead and done something that I know is perhaps a bit marginal regarding Wiki policy, and I have taken the link that lead to Asclape's personal page, from out of the body of the Parodi article, and reinserted it in the External links section of that article. I justify this by the logic that should anyone ever want to research Mr. Michael Parodi himself, that info about his immediate family is usually considered somewhat relevent by such researchers, though in most cases such info usually wouldn't belong in the body of an article.

I hope you don't mind me doing this, but I have been watching Asclape's edits for the last month or two, and I have seen him becoming an ever better and better editor, and I think that this is a fair way of addressing some of everyone's concerns.

Sincerely,

-Scott P. 18:47, August 11, 2005 (UTC)

You deserve this
Perhaps you deserve this. D. J. Bracey (talk) 22:47, 11 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for warning that "Xizer" dude, I appreciate that. D. J. Bracey (talk) [[Image:Flag of California.png|25px]]23:39, 11 August 2005 (UTC)

Goodbye!
You guys need to learn some tact. Stop accusing people of nonsense. And learn some words other than "vandalism" and "vanity edits." It boggles the mind how you guys can maintain what is ultimately akin to an online community college (anyone can attend), and yet want to make out how it is Harvard (i.e., a "real" encyclopedia -- sorry; it ain't). If you guys are going to have a site that anyone can contribute to -- then expect just that; and expect that when people contribute it might be other than what you guys like -- and that does not constitute "vandalism." And while you're at it, in the future before you and your friends get bent out of shape when the son of a hardly-known businessman makes a page about his father, perhaps you could take into account that several pages, such as the one about Madonna, or the one about Brad Nowell, pages more likely to be read by more people, are big messes. Maybe you could get bent out of shape about those first. Bottom line, you all have huge egos and take yourselves WAY too seriously. And, yes, do what makes you feel powerful -- ban me. I don't give a shit. Aesculapius75 05:01, 12 August 2005 (UTC)

Thanks for reverting the vandalism on my user page!
Just a note of thanks for reverting the vandalism on my user page - 19 minutes is impressive. Don't let the floodtide of c**p drown you. Thanks for all your work on the 'pedia! JesseW 20:11, 12 August 2005 (UTC)

Blizzforums
Hi Zoe. I've speedied the Blizzforums article several times. It seems to be pure spam, and while I sympathize with the VfD, I think it is a good speedy, so I've done it again. Regards, Fire Star 04:50, 14 August 2005 (UTC)

Greetings again, I see there was further development in the debate over the article, so I've restored it to let the VfD play out. Fire Star 04:53, 14 August 2005 (UTC)

OHMYGOD - YAAAAAAY
OHMYGOD! — YAAAAAAY! You're back. Grrrreaaat to see that. *wikihug*. FearÉIREANN\(caint) 20:49, 14 August 2005 (UTC) (aka JTDIRL)

Hello, I noticed you're currently online (and an admin)
Could you please take a look at my talk page and also history ? User:Gorgonzilla is repeatedly adding useless rubbish such as vandalism warnings, block threats despite having no basis for doing so and being warned to cease by other contributors [] and []. I am sure he has broken the 3RR several times now. Anyway, thanks.

Erwin Walsh

Well perhaps if you took the advice to actually think for a millisecond before plastering articles with VfD you would get less criticism. Your talk page currently claims that you are on Vaccation and has in the past said that you do not listen to criticism of your VfD posts. Both are clearly intended to discourage any accountability for your actions. So far you have VfDd ten pages incorrectly out of thirty VfD in less than 48 hours. Perhaps you should try writing a few articles before you are so happy to VfD articles written in good faith by others without bothering to do a google search, follow any links inside wikipedia or leave any explanation on the talk page. There have been far more users complaining about you than about me --Gorgonzilla 23:57, 14 August 2005 (UTC)

deMoan/DeMoan
Good job! However, I can still edit Monique DeMoan if I wanted to, although I'm not too sure why. Also, I think that it was User:Kappa who made the new article with the different capitalization, although NPS was quick to jump on board. You'd need to check the deleted page's history, I guess. -Splash 23:51, 14 August 2005 (UTC)
 * It does appear that I can yes. I'm not an admin and I get an edit button that responds when I press it. I haven't actually tried physically saving an edit, though, but I usually just get no edit button at all on a protected page. I've cleared my browser cache and stuff, too. Want me to give an actual edit a whirl? -Splash 23:56, 14 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Perhaps it is only protected against moves or something? -Splash 23:57, 14 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes that worked. However, Tony Sidaway appears to be opting to undelete anyway. Ah, and looks like someone else has reproteected it...-Splash 00:04, 15 August 2005 (UTC)

By the way, your block on NoPuzzleStranger was also removed. -Splash 00:12, 15 August 2005 (UTC)

Votes for deletion/Jamie Kane
In light of your comments in the discussion, I suggest revisiting the article and then revisiting the discussion. Uncle G 00:20:08, 2005-08-15 (UTC)

NoPuzzleStranger
I didn't agree with your characterization of Tony Sidaway as a rogue admin. I think he did give reasons on a talk page before unblocking, and it seems fair to let NoPuzzleStranger argue his side. But I'll stay out of it from here on. -- Curps 00:44, 15 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Zoe, VFU is votes for Undeletion, and this article had been wrongly speedied, not voted for deletion. As yet there has been no deletion discussion for this article.  I've expanded it to the point where it's blatantly obvious that it's not a speedy candidate. --Tony Sidaway Talk  00:56, 15 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Re, the last part of this diff, perhaps instead of vandal, user? -Splash 01:13, 15 August 2005 (UTC)

 * You may be interested in reading Requests for comment/Tony Sidaway and the various responses from all involved. Radiant_ >|< 11:39, August 15, 2005 (UTC)

Regarding Tony's unblocking of NoPuzzleStranger
I have left a message for Tony Sidaway regarding his note that VfU does not apply to speedies here. - Tεx  τ  urε  03:38, 15 August 2005 (UTC)

Wow, you're back
Yes, I know, I know, I'm totally clueless if I only noticed this just now! However, I burned out on taking care of WP:AN and the sub-boards and all the enforcement actions that being so involved there seemed to suck me into, and went back to mostly just editing articles (although I still take care of WP:RfD), so I didn't notice you were back until you I just this minute saw that you stuck something on RfD. My jaw sure hit the floor when I saw you in the history! I was just starting here when you bailed, so you won't recall me, but you were one of our biggest burnout losses, so I'm so very pleased to see you around again.

Anyway, try and limit the amount of time you spend on edit patrol, fighting vandals, futzing with VfD (now there's a sure road to tearing one's hair out - I categorically refuse to go near that swamp :-), etc, or you'll burn out again! If something you're doing is not fun, stop doing it! Noel (talk) 04:12, 15 August 2005 (UTC)

moved comments
comments moved from User:Zoe -- Jtkiefer  T - 05:41, August 15, 2005 (UTC)

Hello. I'm going to try this again, and see how it goes. Zoe 05:58, August 8, 2005 (UTC)

Re: Ralph Lerner.. oops - I did not think of copyright - and now I have just read the warning at the bottom of the page. Please feel free to delete the entry.

G

Hi, how are you? I noticed that you have put back the merge sign above the Celine Dion's Awards page. Ive provided a link from the main article to that page; if the awards page is merged into the main article, the main article will be longer tha the suitable size. Also, I plan on developing the Celine Dion article a bit more (the autobiographical imformation is lacking). So, with that said, Im going to remove your sign, Ok? Thanks.

oh dear
from the very page Rktect cites in his defense:
 * I cannot help warn laypersons for the fact that there are a lot of "kooky linguistics" around on the Net, linguistics that are both cuckoo and cooked up, and employed to support some revisionistic hidden program (be it of an esoteric, ethnocentric, neopagan, or another nature)

this seems to fit Rktect perfectly. However, be cautious about deleting perfectly valid article titles, just because they are editied by a kook. 3ht and friends could just be redirected to Egyptian fields. It will be quite some work to clean up this mess. At this point, I would suggest, redirect everything to Egyptian fields, slap a cleanup tag on there, and start cleaning out the weird stuff. Oh, and start an Rfc about Rktect to get some more community attention. dab (ᛏ) 06:20, 15 August 2005 (UTC)

Cindy Sheehan
OK, now you got a Cindy Sheehan entry on your "talk" page too! ;-) The bulleted chronology is getting a little long and in addition to there being no citation for that last fact, it seemed to me that the info for that date was too long.  The fact that the guy is presenting himself as a real "sour puss" makes it very believable that he would take money from FOX, but already seems clear from the facts we have now that he's a reckless S.O.-you know what and the additional mention of money changing hands just looks POV.  Someone tried that earlier, claiming that Sheehan was "funded" (probably meaning that they gave her a sandwich one time!) by the Crawford Peace House.  Badagnani 06:51, 15 August 2005 (UTC)

Im trying to get used to wikipedia and am using this as a practice page for me to mess around with. I'm sorry, ill take it off soon. Ps. please let me know how to message people correctly if this is not right.

Ooops
Sorry, here is the real message. Sorry about the friend page, im using it to practice and get used to editing with Wikipedia.

Ooops
Sorry, here is the real message. Sorry about the friend page, im using it to practice and get used to editing with Wikipedia.

My User page
Thanks for reverting my User page. Zoe 00:58, August 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * No problem! =) -- BMIComp (talk, HOWS MY DRIVING) 01:01, 16 August 2005 (UTC)

Brah
You were absolutely right in doing so. Gave him a chance and he blew it. Thanks for letting me know. Best, Lucky 6.9 03:50, 16 August 2005 (UTC)

Kakazai
If this is the reaction to the cleanup tags, just wait for the reaction when it's actually edited... (Eek! is indeed the word). Tearlach 04:32, 16 August 2005 (UTC)

Kakazai
I must say that you guys are trying to run this WikiPedia as a Ghetto or Mafia NOT as a Team. You LOVE to show WHO is the Boss here. AND you LOVE to tamper with those post (s) which you know nothing about. Get a life.. Guys or at least, GROW UP!

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:McKhan

I unblocked Iswaynebradygoingtohavetosmacka
This username is no longer offensive. It may be a sock, but it is OK to use socks as long as it's not for an abusive purpose (see Sock puppet). There doesn't seem to be any vandalism or other abuse. -- Curps 05:06, 16 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Ah, I didn't consider whether there was a block against Boothy still in effect. Still, I'd say just let him be... it's best if he and we don't go through another round of creating and blocking another hundred socks.  If this is the end of it, then I think that's OK. -- Curps 05:18, 16 August 2005 (UTC)

Criteria for speedy deletion
Please review the criteria for speedy deletion again. You speedy deleted digg, even though it isn't a "substantially identical copy, by any title, of a page that was deleted according to the deletion policy". The fact that a previous article of the same name was deleted via VfD doesn't make it eligible for speedy deletion. If you'd like to have a third VfD discussion, you could nominate it. Rhobite 06:31, August 16, 2005 (UTC)

 * You're deleting the page out of process. The article's current content has never been VfD'd. Hence it is not a "substantially identical" re-creation. I realize you've been away for a while. I think you should familiarize yourself with the new CSD rules before you go around deleting articles. Rhobite 06:36, August 16, 2005 (UTC)

Zoe, You look to be doing just fine. Keep up the good work. ^_^ brenneman (t) (c)  06:49, 16 August 2005 (UTC)

Digg
Please stop undeleting Digg in violaton of three VfUs to keep it deleted. Zoe 06:36, August 16, 2005 (UTC)

 * I was undeleting it because it was speedy deleted in violation of the speedy deletion criteria; speedy deletion of recreated articles only applies to identical articles. Please also see the digg talk page for discussion. You will have to use a fourth vfd (which it is pretty clear to me will be unsuccessfull) if you want it deleted. Thue | talk 06:55, 16 August 2005 (UTC)

Hayate
I could swear I moved everything from Hayate to Hayate (DOA), as paranthetical additions to fictional character names is preferable in case any additional meaning to Hayate ever appears down the road. It's best just to cover this now, but you seem to have used your administrative priveleges to override that without a molecule of discussion, even when I explained why I did what I did. I didn't disambiguate anything; I was merely being more specific with a fictional character. Could you at least give good reason for using your priveleges in this way, because you didn't explain anything before. It just seems to me like you changed it because that's the way you wanted it, so that's the way it's going to be, and you even cleared the page history at your own discretion, so my reasoning is lost. --Shackleton 07:05, 16 August 2005 (UTC)

unblocking
Hi. Regarding the unblocking of NoPuzzleStranger - Tony said "VFU doesn't decide the disposition of speedies." when unblocking him. This is wrong according to Undeletion policy which specifies what actions to perform when undeleting based on whether it was deleted during VfD or speedy deleted. This is an odd reason to unblock and I thought you'd be interested in the reason given. - Tεx  τ  urε  00:40, 17 August 2005 (UTC)

Just a quiet word...
in this incredibly public forum. Tony is pretty unflappable, and has a tendancy to be amazed and astounded when people stray from strict civility towards him. At times, discussions of other editor's perceived incivility have distracted from the actual topic at hand. If you know what I mean. ^_^;; brenneman (t) (c)  05:10, 17 August 2005 (UTC)

Don't do that again, ok? It makes it hard for anyone who actually agrees with you, ok? Please? brenneman (t) (c) 05:23, 17 August 2005 (UTC)

Zoe, I'd ask you to have another look at that RfC. I'd also ask you to change your recent edits on the RfC talk page. I'd proceed with comments only on the actions if I were you, no matter how justified your other comments are. Playing the ball and not the man, as they say. brenneman (t) (c) 05:55, 17 August 2005 (UTC)

Zoe, I'm sorry that your good feeling has gone so quickly. I'm also sorry if you're outraged about removing your votes. If you want to pick a venue (like Wikiqette alerts or something) I'll give a full and public apology. I'll even mean it! I think that you're not seeing that I'm trying to be your wingman here. I understand that you feel Tony is doing whatever he wants, and damn the consequences. I am simply trying to keep things on topic: What's been done, what should happen now, who should get slapped around. C'mon sunshine, I'm full to the brim with goodness and don't want to see you slip and fall into a steaming pile of troll-bait. So don't get mad, get even. Oh, and did you have that second look at Tony's RfC? brenneman (t) (c) 06:39, 17 August 2005 (UTC)

Zoe - I'm doing a quick check to see how you're fairing. This made me laugh. - brenneman (t) <sup style="color:#2f4f4f;">(c)  00:41, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

Zoe - I've had a think about this rash of un-speedied mayhem. It's pretty unacceptable, but (as I've said a few times at talk:Digg) I think everyone lost their cool a bit, I hope you're not cut that I say that. Anyway, what do you think of this: That seems to me to make any further shenanigans much harder to explain away.
 * WhackedOnCrackAdmin speedy deletes the Sun.
 * JediKnightAdmin restores Sun, leaves curt message on talk page reminding of need of sun for all life on Earth.
 * WhackedOnCrackAdmin creates section on WP:VfU, with careful explanation for why the sun was speedied. (I.e. It's thermo-nuclear) Says "Please do not restore this article while this discussion takes place."
 * WhackedOnCrackAdmin places note on JediKnightAdmin's talk page, "Please refer to WP:VfU for discussions regarding this deletion."[[Image:holbein-death.png|right|245px|thumb|The facadé slips]]
 * WhackedOnCrackAdmin then re-deletes the sun quick like a bunny.

Because, if I can stop being Mr. Sunshine for a moment, I am sick to (insert expletive of your choice) death of these patterns. In fact, it makes me really mad. I'm not worried about little stuff, like an admin perma-protecting one of his user pages after it's been vandalized once. I mean, big deal. But this whole God-king business, this "Only I can see the light" crap, the juvenile wheel wars and poisonous School VfDs, that stuff makes coldly, calculatingly angry. But rather than yammer more, I'd prefer to have a plan for what the best way to stop this monkey business is.

So, spleen vented, dark side revealed, happy mask back on! Do you think the above process would have worked on say, Digg? brenneman <sup style="color:#2f4f4f;">(t) <sup style="color:#2f4f4f;">(c) 04:56, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

Thanks -- AOL is a mystery.
Appreciate you noticing the situation. Essjay stepped in to help as well. Autoblocking seems to be creating more and more interruptions for me. The admins have put in a couple of "bug" requests about the issue -- so maybe someday the software will eliminate the problem. Thank you again. WBardwin 09:31, 17 August 2005 (UTC)

Help
Sorry for bothering you but I am not in contact with any other wiki members so I figured I would ask you. I was just wondering what constitutes a minor edit and when I should check that in the edit. I was also curious about siting information and if there is any important details about this that I should know. (I know I could find this in the wiki help but I like to keep the flow of personal communication continuing) If you are too busy to answer please feel free to refer me elsewhere. I appreciate you help. Thanks -Josh.

Hunz
For his solo music, he is simply "Hunz". When he recorded with his band Beanbag, they credited him as "Hunz Van Vliet". That would be the only reference allmusic would have, as his solo stuff is mostly underground and known by people following the scene. Is that cool? :)

Yep, I think I know enough to expand Beanbag (band). Could do a general idea tonight and fill in the details later.

Thank you! I was going to say that I don't really know what I'm doing, but I can see how this could become addicting. I'm not sure how to do that redirect you spoke of, but I did put up a page for the band. Genteel 06:43, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

Bubbbbbbbbblllllleee
F of. MixBonza 07:55, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

O,hea
Zoe have you removed 'father' because its not wikipedia style? What gives? Also here in Australia we pronounce 'O'hea' to rhyme with 'hay'. Could you indicate how it would be pronounced in north America? Thanks Eric A. Warbuton Zoe, thanks for style intervention. I believe there is an airport in Chicago--'Ohea' and its pronounced 'o-hair'  Does that ring a bell? Thanks Eric A. Warbuton

John Keane, Irish sportsman
Hi, I'm a newbie so please bear with me. I saw the name Zoe on the 'possible violation' page so I assume Zoe had something to do with it - hence this posting. Some weeks ago I submitted an article about John Keane, an Irish sportsman, which was removed as a possible violation of copyright. I re-submitted the article last night (Aug 18) and cited my source which happens to be my own personal website. The article was cut and pasted from the website. I am the author of the work and wish to to have it included in wikipedia but, again, the article has been removed for the same reason as before. What do I have to do to satisfy you that the work is original and that I am the author?

Daily Howler
FYI, I replied to your comments at []. (Just kidding of course that you would recommend Wikipedia for deletion.)

Crust 17:25, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

If you have an interest in reading...
Regarding Tony Sidawy: User_talk:Theresa_knott

Request for full deletion of 'unencyclopedic' photo.
Dear Zoe,

My friend, User:Aesculapius75 (Andrew Parodi), has asked me if I might be able to assist him in having a certain photo, containing him as a baby with his father, which he once uploaded to Wiki, kindly fully deleted from the Wiki files. Andrew is a professional book reviewer, and apparently had some difficulty in making the transition from book reviewer to encyclopedia editor. I believe that he has given up, for the time being, on editing at Wiki. At least perhaps until he can quite figure out both the 'rules' here, as well as what exactly we addicted Wiki editors get out of all of this. :-)

The photo that needs deletion is at:

Thanks for all of your kindly assistance with all of this.

Sincerely,

-Scott P. 19:09:46, 2005-08-18 (UTC)

 * TKS, Scott P. 20:04:15, 2005-08-18 (UTC)

Welcome Back.
Welcome Back Zoe. I miss you. Ericd 19:20, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

I think I have a new job
Soothing the feelings of your bruised and battered opponents, that is! ^_^ Are you a hot-head all the time, or only when you're totally in the right? Because I haven't seen you be wrong yet, but that could be luck. I do think "ban you for disruption" was clearly out if line. I also think that putting the notice WP:ANI won't help things. (Swerve off into amateur psycho-analysis.) I'm pretty sure that, if you give other people a little time, they'll back you up. I know I will. So trust us a little, ok? Or else I'll have to get out the pictures of kittens again, and nobody wants that... brenneman <sup style="color:#2f4f4f;">(t) <sup style="color:#2f4f4f;">(c)  04:34, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

I was about to write up an... See, I'm already having an effect on you! - brenneman <sup style="color:#2f4f4f;">(t) <sup style="color:#2f4f4f;">(c)  04:57, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

Images for deletion
Hi, I listed a whole bunch of images like Image:ElectoralCollege1820-Large.jpg up for deletion, mostly uploaded by you and User:Minesweeper, since they were unused and obsoleted. If you feel the need to rescue them, you can go over to WP:IFD. :) Coffee 14:28, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

JOHN KEANE, HURLER
Thanks for repying, Zoe. Will do as you suggested!

Erwin Walsh's RfC
I've noticed you had a few run-ins with Erwin Walsh. I've filed a RfC against him for his behavior displayed during recent VfDs. If you agree with my case, please endorse and comment on it here. Thank you. Acetic Acid 05:42, August 20, 2005 (UTC)

 * That's fine. Thanks. Acetic Acid 07:24, August 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * You both probably already know this but Mr Walsh is removing content from his talk page (whish is what it is) but worse misrepresenting Acetic Acid's comments. Rx StrangeLove 22:33, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

John wroe
Do you think we need to get the person contributing this text to say "GFDL"? She has not specified what kind of permission she is granting. On the other hand, I don't want to make a mountain out of a molehill. Thanks, FreplySpang (talk) 06:01, August 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * You're probably right. Thanks! FreplySpang (talk) 06:21, August 20, 2005 (UTC)

Minor Point
'' I've only had the one dealing with him, so I'd rather wait to see if there's any response to my comments. Zoe 06:23, August 20, 2005 (UTC) ''

Before you support any RFCs, you might be interested in knowing that I have approximately 70-75% consensus support for my nominations on the Votes for Deletion. You should also note that I addressed the comments on the talk page, see []. I'm sure you'll take everything into consideration. Erwin Walsh

I suggest you take a look at the comment log, he has deleted most of the critical comments including the notice of an Rfc. --Gorgonzilla 18:56, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

Personal Attacks by Zoe on Keetoowah
This is Keetoowah and I have removed your personal attacks on me and my race. It was a racial based attack and you are a racist. You need to apologize to me for nasty, Nazi like behavior. You are low. You should be ashamed.-Keetoowah 14:36, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I can't see Zoe listed recently in the edit logs. Are you sure you have the right person here?--Gorgonzilla 16:21, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Oh Zoe put you up for Rfc in Feb, looks to me like that might need to be re-opened. Let me guess, the result was a six month ban?--Gorgonzilla 16:35, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Incidentally an arbitration process is normally covered by qualified privilege. Courts do not want to discourage attempts to mediate or arbitrate without recourse to law. To succeed in a case you would need to prove the allegation was malicious.--Gorgonzilla 16:35, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I don't recall creating an RfC on Keetoowah. Keetoowah, I do know what you are talking about, but all I did was to edit the comments because the original editor had put a blank space in front of each line, making them one long line that required right scrolling to read.  I did not make the comments nor did I comment on them.  Zoe 20:59, August 20, 2005 (UTC)

Censorship
Sadly, you are engaged in censorship of free speech. The fight will go on, the WikiPoliceman will not lie down. Have a nice day, citizen. --84.68.128.53 15:04, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

Keetowah's comment (fomerly posted to your user page, moved here)

 * This was inadvertently posted by Keetowah to your user page. I am moving it here to the talk page. -- Curps 21:03, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

Dear Zoe: Please come forward and tell me who you are. I willing to tell you who I am. Let's talk directly. I will prove to you that I am a member of the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma. I more than willing to show you. Please come forward. I would like to get to know you. You claim that you are member of the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma. Please come forward and let's talk man to man. I more than willing to show you my tribal card and discuss the politics of the tribe. We need to talk. You have claimed that I am not a member of the tribe and you have claimed that you are a member of the tribe. Come forward. I will prove my membership to you if you prove your membership to me. What other members of the tribe do you know? I more than willing to clear my name. I waiting for your acceptance of my offer to settle this.Keetoowah 19:56, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

Dear Zoe: I apologize. I misread the edit history. An anon user made the nasty, racist comments. I just jumped down your throat when I should have been jumping down the throat of someone else. However, I will not allow you to re-edit that page and put those outlandish racist comments back up there. Wikipedia policy allows me to remove them and I will remove them. Have a good day. -Keetoowah 21:35, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

"Personal attacks"
Please recheck the edit history. I did not make those comments. all I did was to edit them to make them readable. Zoe 21:00, August 20, 2005 (UTC) Dear Zoe: As I stated above, I did mis-read the edit history and I have apologized. I have also went to all of the other Web site where I mentioned your name and I have removed your name.-Keetoowah 22:36, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

It's all Chinese to me
Good idea re. the fonts. I was seeing them as ASCII mixed with mathematical gibberish. Thanks for the tip! Would you do me another favor? I deleted an article called "WikiFur" which I thought was link spam, but I'm having second thoughts about it. If you're patrolling the deletion log anyway, would you please take a peek and restore it if you think it's a legit article? Thanks. - Lucky 6.9 05:40, 21 August 2005 (UTC)

Yeah, better safe than sorry on the borderline cases. Thanks for taking the time and effort to undelete and VfD this. Signing off...talk to you sonn! - Lucky 6.9 05:57, 21 August 2005 (UTC)

Ryan Moore
Zoe dont try and delete my profile the film has taken months of planiing and it is NOT a student film as it is not being shot for an exam. Everything satated is relvelant. Please dont try to change that cxause it is being also produced by a 46 yr old invested. I have created hte pproject. Thanks from Ryan Moore

re:vfd vandal
It appears that RyanCahn has something against Cyrius because these are my first interactions with him it appears that on multiple occassions he has reverted Cyirus's edits, don't ask me why because it boggles me but all we can do is revert and block revert and block, well revert in my case at least since I'm not an admin. Jtkiefer T - 09:21, August 21, 2005 (UTC)

Just a thought
Zoe, I think we're all doing nicely on RC patrol tonight, just wanted to share a thought with you. I haven't seen you block anyone tonight that I wouldn't have personally blocked myself, it's just that I've seen a few anon IPs that didn't get any talk page warnings before being blocked. They were definitely on vandalism sprees (like the Bob Dylan vandal), but maybe it'd be best to put at least a couple of warnings up before blocking. Just my two bits. Drop me a line if you want to talk about it some more. Fernando Rizo T/C 09:28, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Ohhh, OK. I get it now. WTF do I know, anyhow? I've been an admin for like, 10 minutes. :) Fernando Rizo T/C 09:33, 21 August 2005 (UTC)

Comment by User:Ryan Moore

 * The following was posted on User:Zoe by User:Ryan Moore, and shifted here by Mark at 09:58, 21 August 2005 (UTC)

I feel me, my casted co-star and the film all totally qualify. Thanks for your concern though it is excellent to see people making sure contributions are correct. I have had to do htis before for Michelle Branch. BTW How do you send people messages? If you could let me know I owuld apperciate it. My email is movie_man7800@yahoo.com and if you cannot message me you can email me. Thanks from Ryan

 * I hope I have given User:Ryan Moore a good explanation of why his pages are on VfD while still being welcoming. If you like, see comments on his or my talk page. Marskell 11:56, 21 August 2005 (UTC)

agrreviews
Thanks for taking care of this spammer. He's also been operating from two other IP addresses within the same C block. Rl 11:16, 21 August 2005 (UTC)

WikiPolice Barnstar
Image: WPT.jpg

Dear Zoe, I hereby award you the WikiPolice Truncheon for your tireless efforts in censorship and suppression of free speech. You really are the 'salt of the earth' :-) Wield your truncheon with pride WikiPoliceman, go forth and suppress. --OfficerDibble 11:54, 21 August 2005 (UTC)

/16
Not wishing to secondguess, but a /16 for 24h is maybe too broad too long. After 5h I removed it. Feel free to reapply if necessary. Is there perhaps a /17 or /18 that would be applicable? -- Curps 14:44, 21 August 2005 (UTC)

Also the "PITA" message is confusing to the innocent. Perhaps something more explanatory could be crafted? See my /17 in the log, for instance. -- Curps 14:47, 21 August 2005 (UTC)

Never mind, I reapplied it. -- Curps 14:51, 21 August 2005 (UTC)

Another Keetoowah Sighting
Hey, just wanted to give you a heads up that he vandalized Eleemosynary's user page. I'll add it to his RfC. I figured you'd be interested since you two seem to have a little bit of a history. Karmafist 21:55, 21 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Zoe/archive 15


text:
Attilio

Attilio, one of the legendary martyrs of the Theban Legion, is venerated as a saint in the area of Trino Vercellese, in Piedmont, north-west Italy and commemorated on 28 June. However his cult is no longer officially recognized by the Roman Catholic Church and he has no entry in its current martyrologies.

He has been depicted with a flag, a helmet and the palm of martyrdom.

title: Attilio


text:
Talk:Lignum vitae

Palo santo
I have a question. According to my sources, the palo santo tree is Bursera graveolens (Burseraceae family). However, "palo santo" is redirected here, and based on what little I know about palo santo, it sounds like it's the same tree. But the palo santo I'm talking about inhabits the Gran Chaco and is related to the frankincense tree. Is there a mistake somewhere, or is "palo santo" the common name for two unrelated species? Thanks for your help. --Pablo D. Flores 21:41, 21 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, that's the problem with common names - I'm not at all surprised that there are more than one "palo santo". If you are happy with your sources, you should turn Palo santo into a disambiguation page.  Guettarda 22:05, 21 August 2005 (UTC)The best flower there is!

Merlin's staff
I am puzzled:
 * Lignum vitae reads: According to T.H. White's Version of the Artus Saga "The once and future king" Lignum vitae has special magical powers as the staff of Merlin is made from it.
 * Guaiacum reads: Guaiacum is a genus in the family Zygophyllaceae. The six species are shrubs and trees, native to subtropical and tropical regions of the Americas.
 * Merlin reads: ... A Scottish example of the legend of Merlin comes from 577 ...

How did Merlin get a piece of wood, heavier than water, from a continent that was not discovered by Europeans at the time? - Quistnix 23:05, 9 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Magic. Guettarda 02:01, 10 March 2006 (UTC)

 * That's the most likely explanation ;-) However, he could have got it from Brendan - Quistnix 09:41, 10 March 2006 (UTC)

The Merlin character in T.H. White's "The once and future king" lives his life travelling backwards through time. As such he lived through the modern era first where travel would be a simple matter. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 205.206.225.127 (talk) 08:31, 23 January 2012 (UTC)

Redirect from "Lignum vitæ"?
Should there be a redirection to this article from "Lignum vitæ"? Same question, generally speaking, for all Latin phrases and titles bearing the "-ae" ending on a word.

 * Well, since nothing links to Lignum vitæ I don't think it's highly imperative. It all depends on how likely it is that someone might type Lignum vitæ instead of Lignum vitae.  Redirects are cheap, so there's no real reason not to - it all depends on whether you think it likely ot be used.  Guettarda 20:07, 11 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I had just typed that :-) OK, I just created that other article. Sbi 20:29, 11 July 2006 (UTC)

Ironwood
Why "of course, ironwood"? I've never heard it called that. Totnesmartin 10:55, 2 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Ironwood is a name typically thrown around for any type of wood that sinks in water. I have heard it called ironwood, and I've actually been sold African Ironwood as Lignum.  —Preceding unsigned comment added by Moeburn (talk • contribs) 23:18, 4 November 2007 (UTC)

 * In the northeastern USA, Carpinus caroliniana is called "ironwood" as well as "blue beech". Thank you, Wordreader (talk) 14:45, 2 September 2013 (UTC)

Contraceptive Properties?
The contraceptive properties of the bark tea are mentioned as fact in the 'lore' section, but this curious property is not mentioned elsewhere? Can anyone fill the gaps? The Yowser (talk) 12:17, 14 November 2011 (UTC)

Hardness
This entry states that Balsa is at 365lbf on the Janka Scale, yet when one clinks on the Janka Scale of Hardness Link, the chart for that entry states that Balsa is at 100lbf.

United Railroads of San Fracisco
This section within Uses says " a small number remaining in service into the late 2000s..." but the late 2000s are 900 years away. Does anyone have better information on how long these insulators were in service? Ceaseless (talk) 05:08, 14 January 2013 (UTC)

 * From the article, as of this posting: "Many of these lasted into the 1970s with a small number remaining in service into the late 2000s. . .". The above poster was correct to have caught this problem and notify the author, but it goes uncorrected. Original author: do you mean the late twentieth century? Late 1900s? Late 1990s? Dec 31, 1999? Thank you, Wordreader (talk) 14:34, 2 September 2013 (UTC)

Bleak House
Matthew Bagnet, not George, is referred to as "lignum vitae" by his wife in Bleak House. I don't why my correction of this error was reverted. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Joncgoodwin (talk • contribs) 01:03, 20 February 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20060619153047/http://www.jis.gov.jm/special_sections/This%20Is%20Jamaica/symbols.html to http://www.jis.gov.jm/special_sections/this%20is%20jamaica/symbols.html

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Water lubricated bearings
Under Uses, it implies that water lubricated bearings are only a legacy use: "…until the 1960s saw the introduction of sealed white metal bearings." And "Other hydroelectric plant turbine bearings, many of them still in service, were fabricated with lignum vitae and are too numerous to list here." However, I noticed the latest edition of Hydro Leader (V12N8) has a substantial article on its current and apparently expanding use of LV for new/replacement bearings. (I’m not in the field but, yes, I read some really obscure journals.) I will try to get more material and pictures on contemporary bearing use. Zatsugaku (talk) 00:33, 25 September 2021 (UTC)

White Metal
The phrase "until the 1960s saw the introduction of sealed white metal bearings." Links to the wrong kind of white metal, it should be more specifically Babbitt_(alloy) a kind of white metal. Additionally, the whole phrase mentioning white metal bearings is un-cited too. I can't change it, my edit got reverted for vandalism, so I'm hoping someone else can fix it. I'm out. 76.16.75.39 (talk) 00:08, 7 January 2024 (UTC)

 * I reinstated your edit. Thanks! — Chrisahn (talk) 05:48, 7 January 2024 (UTC)

 * I had another look at the issue, reverted the edit and linked the phrase 'white metal' to the section White metal, which is about the use of white metals in bearings. If I understand correctly, Babbitt metal is a particular white metal, but probably not the only one that replaced lignum vitae in bearings. — Chrisahn (talk) 06:02, 7 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lignum vitae


text:
File:BestofGHCover.jpg

Summary
Sleeve of George Harrison's The Best of George Harrison (1976)

title: File:BestofGHCover.jpg


text:
Information gain (decision tree)

In information theory and machine learning, information gain is a synonym for Kullback–Leibler divergence; the amount of information gained about a random variable or signal from observing another random variable. However, in the context of decision trees, the term is sometimes used synonymously with mutual information, which is the conditional expected value of the Kullback–Leibler divergence of the univariate probability distribution of one variable from the conditional distribution of this variable given the other one.

The information gain of a random variable X obtained from an observation of a random variable A taking value $A=a$ is defined$$ IG_{X, A}{(X,a)} = D_\text{KL}{\left(P_X{(x|a)} \| P_X{(x|I)}\right)}, $$ the Kullback–Leibler divergence of the prior distribution $$P_{X}{(x|I)}$$ for x from the posterior distribution $$ P_{X|A}{(x|a)}  $$ for x given a.

The expected value of the information gain is the mutual information $I(X; A)$ of X and A – i.e. the reduction in the entropy of X achieved by learning the state of the random variable A.

In machine learning, this concept can be used to define a preferred sequence of attributes to investigate to most rapidly narrow down the state of X. Such a sequence (which depends on the outcome of the investigation of previous attributes at each stage) is called a decision tree and applied in the area of machine learning known as decision tree learning. Usually an attribute with high mutual information should be preferred to other attributes.

General definition
In general terms, the expected information gain is the reduction in information entropy $Η$ from a prior state to a state that takes some information as given:

 * $$ IG(T,a) = \Eta{(T)} - \Eta{(T|a)}, $$

where $$ \Eta{(T|a)} $$ is the conditional entropy of $$ T $$ given the value of attribute $$ a $$.

This is intuitively plausible when interpreting entropy $Η$ as a measure of uncertainty of a random variable $$T$$: by learning (or assuming) $$ a $$ about $$T$$, our uncertainty about $$T$$ is reduced (i.e. $$IG(T,a)$$ is positive), unless of course $$T$$ is independent of $$ a $$, in which case $$\Eta(T,a) = \Eta(T)$$, meaning $$IG(T,a) = 0$$.

Formal definition
Let $T$ denote a set of training examples, each of the form $$(\textbf{x},y) = (x_1, x_2, x_3, ..., x_k, y)$$ where $$x_a\in \mathrm{vals}(a)$$ is the value of the $$a^{\text{th}} $$ attribute or feature of example $$\textbf{x}$$ and $y$ is the corresponding class label. The information gain for an attribute $a$ is defined in terms of Shannon entropy $$\Eta( - )$$ as follows. For a value $v$ taken by attribute $a$, let $$S_a{(v)} = \{\textbf{x}\in T|x_a=v\} $$be defined as the set of training inputs of $T$ for which attribute $a$ is equal to $v$. Then the information gain of $T$ for attribute $a$ is the difference between the a priori Shannon entropy $$\Eta(T)$$ of the training set and the conditional entropy $$\Eta{(T|a)}$$.

$$\Eta(T|a)= \sum_{v\in \mathrm{vals}(a)} {\frac{|S_a{(v)}|}{|T|} \cdot \Eta\left(S_a{\left(v\right)}\right)}.$$

 * $$IG(T,a) = \Eta(T) - \Eta(T|a) $$

The mutual information is equal to the total entropy for an attribute if for each of the attribute values a unique classification can be made for the result attribute. In this case, the relative entropies subtracted from the total entropy are 0. In particular, the values $$v \in vals(a)$$ defines a partition of the training set data $T$ into mutually exclusive and all-inclusive subsets, inducing a categorical probability distribution $P_{a}{(v)}$ on the values $v \in vals(a)$  of attribute $a$. The distribution is given $P_{a}{(v)} := \frac{|S_a{(v)}|}{|T|}$. In this representation, the information gain of $T$ given $a$ can be defined as the difference between the unconditional Shannon entropy of $T$ and the expected entropy of $T$ conditioned on $a$, where the expectation value is taken with respect to the induced distribution on the values of $a$.$$\begin{alignat}{2} IG(T,a) &= \Eta(T) - \sum_{v\in \mathrm{vals}(a)} {P_a{(v)} \Eta\left(S_a{(v)}\right)} \\ &= \Eta(T) - \mathbb{E}_{P_a}{\left[\Eta{(S_a{(v)})}\right]} \\ &= \Eta(T) - \Eta{(T|a)}. \end{alignat} $$

Another Take on Information Gain, with Example
For a better understanding of information gain, let us break it down. As we know, information gain is the reduction in information entropy, what is entropy? Basically, entropy is the measure of impurity or uncertainty in a group of observations. In engineering applications, information is analogous to signal, and entropy is analogous to noise. It determines how a decision tree chooses to split data. The leftmost figure below is very impure and has high entropy corresponding to higher disorder and lower information value. As we go to the right, the entropy decreases, and the information value increases.

Now, it is clear that information gain is the measure of how much information a feature provides about a class. Let's visualize information gain in a decision tree as shown in the right:

The node t is the parent node, and the sub-nodes tL and tR are child nodes. In this case, the parent node t has a collection of cancer and non-cancer samples denoted as C and NC respectively. We can use information gain to determine how good the splitting of nodes is in a decision tree. In terms of entropy, information gain is defined as:

To understand this idea, let's start by an example in which we create a simple dataset and want to see if gene mutations could be related to patients with cancer. Given four different gene mutations, as well as seven samples, the training set for a decision can be created as follows: In this dataset, a 1 means the sample has the mutation (True), while a 0 means the sample does not (False). A sample with C denotes that it has been confirmed to be cancerous, while NC means it is non-cancerous. Using this data, a decision tree can be created with information gain used to determine the candidate splits for each node. For the next step, the entropy at parent node t of the above simple decision tree is computed as: H(t) = −[pC,t log2(pC,t) + pNC,t log2(pNC,t)]

where,

probability of selecting a class ‘C’ sample at node t, pC,t = n(t, C) / n(t),

probability of selecting a class ‘NC’ sample at node t, pNC,t = n(t, NC) / n(t),

n(t), n(t, C), and n(t, NC) are the number of total samples, ‘C’ samples and ‘NC’ samples at node t respectively. Using this with the example training set, the process for finding information gain beginning with $$\Eta{(t)}$$ for Mutation 1 is as follows:

 * pC, t = 4/7

 * pNC, t = 3/7

 * $$\Eta{(t)}$$ = −(4/7log2(4/7) + 3/7log2(3/7)) = 0.985

Note : $$\Eta{(t)}$$ will be the same for all mutations at the root.

The relatively high value of entropy $$\Eta{(t)} = 0.985$$ (1 is the optimal value) suggests that the root node is highly impure and the constituents of the input at the root node would look like the leftmost figure in the above Entropy Diagram. However, such a set of data is good for learning the attributes of the mutations used to split the node. At a certain node, when the homogeneity of the constituents of the input occurs (as shown in the rightmost figure in the above Entropy Diagram), the dataset would no longer be good for learning.

Moving on, the entropy at left and right child nodes of the above decision tree is computed using the formulae:"H(tL) = −[pC,L log2(pC,L) + pNC,L log2(pNC,L)]""H(tR) = −[pC,R log2(pC,R) + pNC,R log2(pNC,R)] "where,

probability of selecting a class ‘C’ sample at the left child node, pC,L = n(tL, C) / n(tL),

probability of selecting a class ‘NC’ sample at the left child node, pNC,L = n(tL, NC) / n(tL),

probability of selecting a class ‘C’ sample at the right child node, pC,R = n(tR, C) / n(tR),

probability of selecting a class ‘NC’ sample at the right child node, pNC,R = n(tR, NC) / n(tR),

n(tL), n(tL, C), and n(tL, NC) are the total number of samples, ‘C’ samples and ‘NC’ samples at the left child node respectively,

n(tR), n(tR, C), and n(tR, NC) are the total number of samples, ‘C’ samples and ‘NC’ samples at the right child node respectively.

Using these formulae, the H(tL) and H(tR) for Mutation 1 is shown below:

 * H(tL) = −(3/4log2(3/4) + 1/4log2(1/4)) = 0.811

 * H(tR) = −(1/3log2(1/3) + 2/3log2(2/3)) = 0.918

Following this, average entropy of the child nodes due to the split at node t of the above decision tree is computed as: H(s,t) = PLH(tL) + PRH(tR)

where,

probability of samples at the left child, PL = n(tL) / n(t),

probability of samples at the right child, PR = n(tR) / n(t), Finally, H(s,t) along with PL and PR for Mutation 1 is as follows:

 * PL = 4/7

 * PR = 3/7

 * H(s, t) = (4/70.811) + (3/70.918) = 0.857

Thus, by definition from equation (i):"(Information gain) = H(t) - H(s,t)"

After all the steps, gain(s), where s is a candidate split for the example is:

 * gain(s) = 0.985 – 0.857 = 0.128

Using this same set of formulae with the other three mutations leads to a table of the candidate splits, ranked by their information gain:

The mutation that provides the most useful information would be Mutation 3, so that will be used to split the root node of the decision tree. The root can be split and all the samples can be passed though and appended to the child nodes. A tree describing the split is shown on the left.

The samples that are on the left node of the tree would be classified as cancerous by the tree, while those on the right would be non-cancerous. This tree is relatively accurate at classifying the samples that were used to build it (which is a case of overfitting), but it would still classify sample C2 incorrectly. To remedy this, the tree can be split again at the child nodes to possibly achieve something even more accurate.

To split the right node, information gain must again be calculated for all the possible candidate splits that were not used for previous nodes. So, the only options this time are Mutations 1, 2, and 4.

Note : $$\Eta{(t)}$$ is different this time around since there are only four samples at the right child.

 * PC, t = 1/4

 * PNC, t = 3/4

 * $$\Eta{(t)}$$ = -(1/4log2(1/4) + 3/4log2(3/4)) = 0.811

From this new $$\Eta{(t)}$$, the candidate splits can be calculated using the same formulae as the root node:

Thus, the right child will be split with Mutation 4. All the samples that have the mutation will be passed to the left child and the ones that lack it will be passed to the right child.

To split the left node, the process would be the same, except there would only be 3 samples to check. Sometimes a node may not need to be split at all if it is a pure set, where all samples at the node are just cancerous or non-cancerous. Splitting the node may lead to the tree being more inaccurate and in this case it will not be split.

The tree would now achieve 100% accuracy if the samples that were used to build it are tested. This isn't a good idea, however, since the tree would overfit the data. The best course of action is to try testing the tree on other samples, of which are not part of the original set. Two outside samples are below: By following the tree, NC10 was classified correctly, but C15 was classified as NC. For other samples, this tree would not be 100% accurate anymore. It could be possible to improve this though, with options such as increasing the depth of the tree or increasing the size of the training set.

Advantages
Information gain is the basic criterion to decide whether a feature should be used to split a node or not. The feature with the optimal split i.e., the highest value of information gain at a node of a decision tree is used as the feature for splitting the node.

The concept of information gain function falls under the C4.5 algorithm for generating the decision trees and selecting the optimal split for a decision tree node. Some of its advantages include:

 * It can work with both continuous and discrete variables.
 * Due to the factor –[p ∗ log(p)] in the entropy definition as given above, leaf nodes with a small number of instances are assigned less weight and it favors dividing rest of the data into bigger but homogeneous groups. And thus, as we dig deeper into the depth of the tree, the dataset becomes more homogeneous. This approach is usually more stable and chooses the most impactful features on the nodes.

Drawbacks and Solutions
Although information gain is usually a good measure for deciding the relevance of an attribute, it is not perfect. A notable problem occurs when information gain is applied to attributes that can take on a large number of distinct values. For example, suppose that one is building a decision tree for some data describing the customers of a business. Information gain is often used to decide which of the attributes are the most relevant, so they can be tested near the root of the tree. One of the input attributes might be the customer's membership number, if they are a member of the business's membership program. This attribute has a high mutual information, because it uniquely identifies each customer, but we do not want to include it in the decision tree. Deciding how to treat a customer based on their membership number is unlikely to generalize to customers we haven't seen before (overfitting). This issue can also occur if the samples that are being tested have multiple attributes with many distinct values. In this case, it can cause the information gain of each of these attributes to be much higher than those without as many distinct values.

To counter this problem, Ross Quinlan proposed to instead choose the attribute with highest information gain ratio from among the attributes whose information gain is average or higher. This biases the decision tree against considering attributes with a large number of distinct values, while not giving an unfair advantage to attributes with very low information value, as the information value is higher or equal to the information gain.

title: Information gain (decision tree)


text:
Wikipedia:UK Wikipedians' notice board/UKCOTW/Demographics of the United Kingdom

Demographics of the United Kingdom
Very stubby, another dump from the CIA which could be improved. (see demographics of the United States for a good example) -- Joolz 21:43, 21 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Support
 * 1) Joolz 21:43, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) the wub  "?/!"  09:58, 24 August 2005 (UTC) - anyone good at maps?
 * 3) zzuuzz (talk) 11:48, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * 4) --Celestianpower hab 21:39, 25 August 2005 (UTC)


text:
Franklyn Ajaye

Franklyn Ajaye (born May 13, 1949) is an American stand-up comedian, actor, and writer. He released a series of comedy albums starting in 1973 and has acted in film and television shows from the 1970s through the present, including as a primary character in the 1976 ensemble comedy Car Wash and a supporting role in Sam Peckinpah's Convoy (1978).

Life and career
Franklyn Ajaye Jr. was born in Brooklyn, New York, but raised in Los Angeles by a Sierra Leonean father (Franklin Ajaye Sr.) and an American mother (Quetta Curtis). This makes Ajaye, as he likes to joke, a "true African-American". He has a brother. Ajaye attended Dorsey High School in Crenshaw.

He has released five comedy albums to date: Franklyn Ajaye, Comedian (1973), I'm a Comedian, Seriously (1974), Don't Smoke Dope, Fry Your Hair (1977), Plaid Pants and Psychopaths (1986), and Vagabond Jazz & the Abstract Truth (2004). The last two were recorded in Sydney and Melbourne, Australia.

He made his network debut on The Flip Wilson Show in 1973 and made his first appearance on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson a year later. Ajaye emigrated to Melbourne, Australia, in 1997 but returns to the United States periodically to do work on television. His last American television appearance was on Paul Provenza's The Greenroom on Showtime in 2011. He is known in Australia for his appearances on The Panel and Thank God You're Here and for his popular one-man shows "Nothing But The Truth", "Talkin' Vagabond Jazz", and "Vagabond Jazz & The Abstract Truth" at the Melbourne International Comedy Festival.

He has worked as an actor, appearing in films such as Sweet Revenge (1976), Car Wash (1976), Convoy (1978), Stir Crazy (1980), the 1980 version of The Jazz Singer, Hysterical (1982), Get Crazy (1983), Fraternity Vacation (1985), Hollywood Shuffle (1987), The Wrong Guys (1988), The 'Burbs (1989), and American Yakuza (1993). He also appeared on an episode of Barney Miller as police-car thief Wendell Frasier in 1976. He has been seen more recently in the TV show Deadwood as Samuel Fields and reprised that role in 2019's Deadwood: The Movie. In 2011, Ajaye had a small but memorable role in the box office hit Bridesmaids, playing the father of Lillian (played by Maya Rudolph), and in 2013 he played management guru Marvin Hudsfield in the Australian ABC sitcom Utopia. He has been nominated twice for Emmy Awards for Outstanding Writing in a Variety or Music Program for In Living Color (1990) and Politically Incorrect (1997). He worked on the hit family comedy series created and executive-produced by Robert Townsend, The Parent 'Hood (January 1995 - July 1999); some of his credits on the show include acting as "executive consultant" with Barry "Berry" Douglas in season 1 episode 9 ("Trial by Jerri") and episode 11 ("Nice Guys Finish Last") and as a co-producer with Douglas for season 2 episode 2 ("A Kiss is Just a Kiss").

Ajaye is the author of Comic Insights: The Art of Standup Comedy (ISBN 978-1-879505-54-4), which contains interviews with Jerry Seinfeld, Chris Rock, Bill Maher, Ellen DeGeneres, and other famous stand up comedians offering valuable advice for aspiring comedians.

Influence
On his stand-up television show Stewart Lee's Comedy Vehicle the British comedian used Ajaye's LP I'm a Comedian, Seriously as the basis of a routine.

title: Franklyn Ajaye