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Seedling

A seedling is a young sporophyte developing out of a plant embryo from a seed. Seedling development starts with germination of the seed. A typical young seedling consists of three main parts: the radicle (embryonic root), the hypocotyl (embryonic shoot), and the cotyledons (seed leaves). The two classes of flowering plants (angiosperms) are distinguished by their numbers of seed leaves: monocotyledons (monocots) have one blade-shaped cotyledon, whereas dicotyledons (dicots) possess two round cotyledons. Gymnosperms are more varied. For example, pine seedlings have up to eight cotyledons. The seedlings of some flowering plants have no cotyledons at all. These are said to be acotyledons.

The plumule is the part of a seed embryo that develops into the shoot bearing the first true leaves of a plant. In most seeds, for example the sunflower, the plumule is a small conical structure without any leaf structure. Growth of the plumule does not occur until the cotyledons have grown above ground. This is epigeal germination. However, in seeds such as the broad bean, a leaf structure is visible on the plumule in the seed. These seeds develop by the plumule growing up through the soil with the cotyledons remaining below the surface. This is known as hypogeal germination.

Photomorphogenesis and etiolation
Dicot seedlings grown in the light develop short hypocotyls and open cotyledons exposing the epicotyl. This is also referred to as photomorphogenesis. In contrast, seedlings grown in the dark develop long hypocotyls and their cotyledons remain closed around the epicotyl in an apical hook. This is referred to as skotomorphogenesis or etiolation. Etiolated seedlings are yellowish in color as chlorophyll synthesis and chloroplast development depend on light. They will open their cotyledons and turn green when treated with light.

In a natural situation, seedling development starts with skotomorphogenesis while the seedling is growing through the soil and attempting to reach the light as fast as possible. During this phase, the cotyledons are tightly closed and form the apical hook to protect the shoot apical meristem from damage while pushing through the soil. In many plants, the seed coat still covers the cotyledons for extra protection.

Upon breaking the surface and reaching the light, the seedling's developmental program is switched to photomorphogenesis. The cotyledons open upon contact with light (splitting the seed coat open, if still present) and become green, forming the first photosynthetic organs of the young plant. Until this stage, the seedling lives off the energy reserves stored in the seed. The opening of the cotyledons exposes the shoot apical meristem and the plumule consisting of the first true leaves of the young plant.

The seedlings sense light through the light receptors phytochrome (red and far-red light) and cryptochrome (blue light). Mutations in these photo receptors and their signal transduction components lead to seedling development that is at odds with light conditions, for example seedlings that show photomorphogenesis when grown in the dark..

Seedling growth and maturation

Once the seedling starts to photosynthesize, it is no longer dependent on the seed's energy reserves. The apical meristems start growing and give rise to the root and shoot. The first "true" leaves expand and can often be distinguished from the round cotyledons through their species-dependent distinct shapes. While the plant is growing and developing additional leaves, the cotyledons eventually senesce and fall off. Seedling growth is also affected by mechanical stimulation, such as by wind or other forms of physical contact, through a process called thigmomorphogenesis.

Temperature and light intensity interact as they affect seedling growth; at low light levels about 40 lumens/m2 a day/night temperature regime of 28 °C/13 °C is effective (Brix 1972). A photoperiod shorter than 14 hours causes growth to stop, whereas a photoperiod extended with low light intensities to 16 h or more brings about continuous (free) growth. Little is gained by using more than 16 h of low light intensity once seedlings are in the free growth mode. Long photoperiods using high light intensities from 10,000 to 20,000 lumens/m2 increase dry matter production, and increasing the photoperiod from 15 to 24 hours may double dry matter growth (Pollard and Logan 1976, Carlson 1979).

The effects of carbon dioxide enrichment and nitrogen supply on the growth of white spruce and trembling aspen were investigated by Brown and Higginbotham (1986). Seedlings were grown in controlled environments with ambient or enriched atmospheric CO2 (350 or 750 f1/L, respectively) and with nutrient solutions with high, medium, and low N content (15.5, 1.55, and 0.16 mM). Seedlings were harvested, weighed, and measured at intervals of less than 100 days. N supply strongly affected biomass accumulation, height, and leaf area of both species. In white spruce only, the root weight ratio (RWR) was significantly increased with the low-nitrogen regime. CO2 enrichment for 100 days significantly increased the leaf and total biomass of white spruce seedlings in the high-N regime, RWR of seedlings in the medium-N regime, and root biomass of seedlings in the low-N regime.

First-year seedlings typically have high mortality rates, drought being the principal cause, with roots having been unable to develop enough to maintain contact with soil sufficiently moist to prevent the development of lethal seedling water stress. Somewhat paradoxically, however, Eis (1967a) observed that on both mineral and litter seedbeds, seedling mortality was greater in moist habitats (alluvium and Aralia–Dryopteris) than in dry habitats (Cornus–Moss). He commented that in dry habitats after the first growing season surviving seedlings appeared to have a much better chance of continued survival than those in moist or wet habitats, in which frost heave and competition from lesser vegetation became major factors in later years. The annual mortality documented by Eis (1967a) is instructive.

Pests and diseases
Seedlings are particularly vulnerable to attack by pests and diseases and can consequently experience high mortality rates. Diseases which are especially damaging to seedlings include damping off. Pests which are especially damaging to seedlings include cutworms, pillbugs, slugs and snails.

Transplanting
Seedlings are generally transplanted, when the first pair of true leaves appear. This is often known as pricking out in the UK. A shade may be provided if the area is arid or hot. A commercially available vitamin hormone concentrate may be used to avoid transplant shock which may contain thiamine hydrochloride, 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid and indole butyric acid.

title: Seedling


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Claude Bouthillier

Claude Bouthillier, Sieur de Fouilletourte (1581 – 13 March 1652) was a French statesman and diplomat. He held a number of offices, including Secretary of State and Superintendent of Finances, and distinguished himself in diplomacy throughout the 1630s, particularly in respect to France's entry into the Thirty Years' War.

He was a shrewd diplomat who enjoyed exceptional favour with all factions of the French court, particularly Cardinal Richelieu and Marie de Medici. At the height of his power he was the second most powerful man in France after Richelieu himself.

Early life
Claude Bouthillier was born in 1581, the son of Denis Bouthillier, a clerk in the service of François de La Porte, Cardinal Richelieu's maternal grandfather. When La Porte died, he left his professional law practice to Denis Bouthillier, as well as entrusting him with the well-being of La Porte's orphaned grandchildren. This created a strong connection between the La Porte and Bouthillier families and saw the Bouthilliers greatly increase their power and wealth.

Career
Claude Bouthillier began his professional life as an advocate. In 1613 he became a councillor in the Parlement of Paris. In 1619 Richelieu recommended him to the queen-mother, Marie de Medici, which led to his position as "Executive Secretary to the Queen-mother".

Cardinal Richelieu also secured for him the title of Secretary of State in 1628. In 1632 he became Superintendent of Finances. In spite of the fierce rivalry developing between Marie de Medici and Richelieu, he was able to remain on good terms with both, which placed him in a highly enviable position at the French court.

Diplomacy
Richelieu employed him on many diplomatic missions, and the success of his foreign policy was due in no small degree to Bouthillier's ability and devotion. In 1630 he had taken part at Regensburg in arranging the abortive treaty between the emperor and France. From 1633 to 1640 he was continually busied with secret missions in Germany, sometimes alone, sometimes with Father Joseph. Following Richelieu's instructions, he negotiated the alliances which brought France into the Thirty Years' War.

Meanwhile, at home, his tact and amiable disposition, as well as his reputation for straightforwardness, had secured for him a unique position of influence in a court torn by jealousies and intrigues. Trusted by the king, the confidant of Richelieu, the friend of Marie de Medici, and through his son, Leon, who was appointed in 1635 chancellor to Gaston d'Orléans, able to bring his influence to bear on that prince, he was an invaluable mediator; and the personal influence thus exercised, combined with the fact that he was at the head of both the finances and the foreign policy of France, made him, next to the cardinal, the most powerful man in the kingdom.

Richelieu made him executor of his will, and Louis XIII named him a member of the council of regency which he intended should govern the kingdom after his death.

Retirement
The king's last plans were not carried out, and Bouthillier was obliged to retire into private life, giving up his office of Superintendent of Finances in June 1643.

He died in Paris on 13 March 1652.

Family
Claude Bouthillier had three brothers, all of whom became distinguished member of French society and staunch allies of Richelieu.

Victor Le Bouthillier, was a statesman and member of the clergy who served as Archbishop of Tours between 1641 and 1670. Sébastien Bouthillier, was bishop of Aire and played an important role in obtaining Richelieu's return from exile to Avignon in 1619. Denis Bouthillier, Lord of Rancé, was a state councillor and advisor of Marie de Medici. Denis' son, Armand Jean le Bouthillier de Rancé, was the founder of the Trappist monastic order.

Claude Bouthillier married Marie de Bragelogne and had one child, Léon Bouthillier, comte de Chavigny (1608–1652). Léon quickly became an associate to his father, who took him with him from 1629 to 1632 to all the great courts of Europe, instructing him in diplomacy. In 1632 he was named secretary of state and seconded his father's work, so that it is not easy always to distinguish their respective parts. He was accompanied on various errands by Jean François Sarrazin. After the death of Louis XIII he had to give up his office; but was sent as plenipotentiary to the negotiations at Münster. He showed himself incapable, however, giving himself up to pleasure and fetes, and returned to France to intrigue against Mazarin. Arrested twice during the Fronde, and then for a short time in power during Mazarin's exile (April 1651), he busied himself with small intrigues which came to nothing. His many children married in several important aristocratic families, further establishing the Bouthillier family's influence.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Claude Bouthillier


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User:Michael Beckett

Tian Tian

title: User:Michael Beckett


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User:Thomas Blomberg

I'm a writer and retired translator who worked in the film and TV industry in London after having worked as a journalist all over Sweden for many years. Born in Norrköping, grew up in Sundsvall, worked in Gothenburg, Karlstad, Jönköping, Örnsköldsvik, Södertälje and Stockholm, before moving to London in 1991. I've been contributing to the English Wikipedia since August 2005. I'm also active in the Swedish Wikipedia and contribute to Wikimedia Commons.

Wikipedia articles I intend to work on
To write:
 * Emanuel Nobel ✅
 * Hobbesian ✅
 * HMS Blonde ✅
 * Barkers of Kensington ✅
 * Kensington Church Street ✅
 * Karin Bergöö Larsson ✅
 * John Spedan Lewis ✅
 * Creating three separate articles of New Swabia, Alfred Ritscher and Third German Antarctic Expedition, as the last currently is a redirect of the first, and the second largely deals with the same content as the first, but covers Alfred Ritscher very poorly. 2023-10-19: All three articles now exist.✅

To re-edit: (**) 1). Move the actual agreement to Wikisource, properly formatted (best original found at and should be credited with www.lib.byu.edu/~rdh/wwi/ as source). 2) add colourised map, based on  and.
 * SRG SSR idée suisse ✅
 * Sykes-Picot Agreement ** ✅
 * RAI add history ✅
 * Department store ✅
 * First language ✅
 * Second language ✅
 * Foreign language ✅
 * Bilingual ✅

To expand:
 * Various South Pole explorers
 * Saint George - the Swedish patronage
 * Tapestry ✅
 * Kensington High Street ✅
 * Whiteleys ✅
 * Kamehameha II ✅
 * Maria Graham ✅
 * Augustus Wall Callcott ✅
 * John Wall Callcott ✅
 * John Callcott Horsley ✅
 * William Horsley ✅
 * Sundsvall ✅
 * Carl Larsson ✅

My special pages

 * My tools
 * My sandbox

User boxes

 * Userboxes/Gallery

sv:Användare:Thomas Blomberg

title: User:Thomas Blomberg


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Chris Bombolas

Chris Bombolas (born 12 May 1960 ) (often known as Bomber ) is a communications and media specialist, and a television and radio presenter. A former sports reporter for 21 years with the Nine Network in Brisbane. A former Australian politician, he served for one term as the Labor member for Chatsworth in the Legislative Assembly of Queensland from 2006 to 2009.

Early life
Bombolas was born in Newcastle, New South Wales. He attended Cannon Hill State School followed by Brisbane State High School.

He graduated from the Queensland University of Technology with a Bachelor of Business (Communications) which he completed while working for the Queensland Police Service.

Career
He became a radio host and worked for 4BC, 4BK and Triple M, before joining the Channel Nine as a sports presenter.

In July 2006, Bombolas believed he could "make a difference in my community", and announced his intention to run for the Labor in the seat of Chatsworth in the 2006 election. Bombolas won the seat against the incumbent member Michael Caltabiano of the Liberal Party.

On 9 July 2007, Bombolas became Parliamentary Secretary for the Minister for Sport and Local Government, Andrew Fraser. Bombolas announced on 19 February 2009 that he would not contest the 2009 state election.

In June 2009, Bombolas became the Chairman of the A-league football club Brisbane Roar. His controversial decision to replace coach Frank Farina with Ange Postecoglou saw the Brisbane Roar win the record for the longest unbeaten run at the top level of any Australian football code, which stands at 36 league matches without defeat.[3] Brisbane Roar are also the first and only club to win back to back A-League Championships.[4]

In 2012, Bombolas joined Hancock Coal/GVK to work as External Affairs Advisor (Media & Corporate Communications Advisor).

He now works as a freelance Media and Communications Specialist and is a qualified Auctioneer.

title: Chris Bombolas


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File:Butehouse.jpg

Bute House in Charlotte Square, Edinburgh. Official residence of the First Minister of Scotland.

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ArthurFest

ArthurFest was a two-day music festival curated by Arthur Magazine. The festival took place September 4 and 5, 2005 at the Barnsdall Art Park in Los Angeles, California. The lineup included such acts as: Yoko Ono, Sonic Youth, The Black Keys, Modey Lemon, The Time Flys, Winter Flowers, Dead Meadow, Future Pigeon, Dos, Fatso Jetson, the Night Porter, Lavender Diamond, Radar Brothers, Nora Keyes, Geronimo, Six Organs of Admittance, Brightblack Morning Light, Circle, Comets On Fire, Earth, Cat Power, Young Jazz Giants, and Devendra Banhart

On Sunday, August 5, accompanying the festival was a group protesting Yoko Ono for breaking up the Beatles.

title: ArthurFest


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List of albums containing a hidden track

This article contains a list of the names of albums that contain a hidden track and also information on how to find them. Not all printings of an album contain the same track arrangements, so some copies of a particular album may not have the hidden track(s) listed below. Some of these tracks may be hidden in the pregap, and some hidden simply as a track following the listed tracks. The list is ordered by artist name using the surname where appropriate.


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Barry Crocker

Barry Hugh Crocker (born 4 November 1935 ) is an Australian Gold Logie-winning character actor, television personality, singer, and variety entertainer with a crooning vocal style.

Crocker is known for his iconic Australian films during the 1970s, including The Adventures of Barry McKenzie (1972) and its sequel, Barry McKenzie Holds His Own (1974). Crocker was also the presenter and leading performer on the TV series The Sound of Music, taking over from entertainer Bobby Limb.

His singing talents eventually earned him over 30 Gold records. In 1971, Sound of Music was the 11th-most-popular show in the country. Crocker sang the theme tune to the Australian soap opera Neighbours between 1985 and 1992. Crocker published an autobiography called Bazza – The Adventures of Barry Crocker in 2003. In 2023, he published Last of the Entertainers: A Star-Studded Story Across Sixty-Five Years of Television, Stage, Screen and in Recording.

Early life
Crocker was born in Geelong, Victoria. After doing National Service with the RAAF in 1955, he toured with a theatre group and performed on the club circuit in Melbourne, followed by a partnership with David Clark (aka Dave Nelson), and performed in the UK and the United States.

Career
Crocker returned to Australia to star in a TV musical comedy show called 66 And All That in 1966, hence the title, which became The Barry Crocker Show (1966–67) on Channel 10 Sydney (now Network Ten). That was followed by the musical variety show Say It with Music (1967–1969), also broadcast on Ten.

Acting
Crocker made his acting debut on a 1969 episode of Skippy the Bush Kangaroo. He has also had a successful career as a stage, television and motion picture actor, most notably starring alongside Barry Humphries in the title role of Bruce Beresford's 1972 movie, The Adventures of Barry McKenzie and its 1974 sequel, Barry McKenzie Holds His Own. The "bogan" character of Barry McKenzie gave rise to Crocker recording such ribald songs as "My One Eyed Trouser Snake" and other "off-colour" songs.

Crocker was Beresford's first choice as lead actor when it came to the filming of David Williamson's popular play Don's Party, but serious back problems curtailed Crocker's screen career at that point, opening the way for John Hargreaves to achieve film success in the coveted title role.

Nevertheless, in 1976 Crocker was crowned King of Moomba, the annual entertainment festival in Melbourne.

He had the lead role as Governor Alan Smith in the short-lived prison drama Punishment (1981), and guest-starred in two episodes of the Australian satirical black comedy series Review with Myles Barlow. Later TV roles included parts in Pizza, Swift and Shift Couriers, and Housos for SBS, and The Strange Calls, an ABC2 comedy series.

In 1994, Crocker appeared as himself in the worldwide record-breaking film Muriel's Wedding. he proved his acting and comedy credentials once again as the retro-disco host Donny Destry in the 2007 movie Razzle Dazzle.

Crocker appeared as Charles "Hoot" Russell, Greg Russell's father in the Hey Dad..! episode "Hoot's Boots". It was the second last episode of the show, which spanned 14 seasons. A DVD box set of Hey Dad..! has had to be abandoned, following the conviction of the original "Dad" – Robert Hughes – on several sex offences.

In 2005, Crocker was featured on the Nine Network program This Is Your Life. It was a rare accolade, because Crocker had already been the subject of this prestigious TV program thirty years earlier, in 1975, when the show was hosted by Roger Climpson. Crocker was caught by surprise when host Mike Munro and the TV production team arrived, after a lot of careful planning by his long-term partner, Katy Manning, the English actress.

Crocker was chosen by Chaim Topol to co-star as his nemesis Lazer Wolfe in a long-running Australian season of the musical Fiddler on the Roof. He also featured in the role of The Lecturer in the 2008 Australian premiere of the stage musical Reefer Madness.

Crocker presented the Australian version of Behind Mansion Walls on the Crime and Investigation Network on Foxtel in Australia.

Music career
In 1959, after successfully touring and a number of television appearances, he convinced Cyril Stevens, of Spotlight Records in Thornbury, to audition him and his musical partner. Stevens, who was a photographer by trade, had set up a recording studio in the early 1950s. He recorded mainly jazz and musical events around Victoria. Stevens wasn't impressed, and Crocker and Dave Clark were about to leave when Stevens' son entered the room, recognised the pair from television and concerts, and convinced his father to record the team. Two EPs were recorded, totalling eight tracks. The records were Spotlight's highest sellers.

In May 1973, Crocker released the album Music Makes My Day, on Festival Records, featuring an updated version of American rockabilly singer Robin Luke's "Susie Darlin'. The recording featured Olivia Newton-John and Pat Carroll on backup vocals, and enjoyed chart success, peaking at number 7.

He sang the original recording of the theme song for the 1977 Reg Grundy soap opera, The Restless Years (later a hit for Renée Geyer), and also the original theme to the long-running soap opera Neighbours, another Reg Grundy production. His version was used from 1985 to 1992, and it was also played during the series' final episode, which aired in July 2022.

Crocker wrote and recorded an unofficial theme song for the Australian rules football team, Geelong, entitled Come on the Cats.

Personal life
Crocker married Doreen (Dene), with whom he had five children. In the 1970s, he was in a relationship with Christine Platel, which lasted five years, and resulted in his divorce from his wife. Since 1990, he has been in a relationship with English actress Katy Manning, whom he met in Australia, although she moved back to the UK in 2010 and they maintain a long-distance relationship.

Mo Awards
The Australian Entertainment Mo Awards (commonly known informally as the Mo Awards), were annual Australian entertainment industry awards. They recognise achievements in live entertainment in Australia from 1975 to 2016. Barry Crocker won two awards in that time and was inducted into the Hall of Fame in 2013. (wins only)
 * 1976
 * Barry Crocker
 * Entertainer of the Year
 * Won
 * 1981
 * Barry Crocker
 * Entertainer of the Year
 * Won
 * 2013
 * Barry Crocker
 * Hall of Fame
 * inductee
 * Barry Crocker
 * Hall of Fame
 * inductee

In popular culture
During the 1980s, the rhyming slang expression "Barry Crocker", or simply "Barry" or "Baz", emerged in Australian English to mean a "shocker", as in "very poor".

A notable public use of the expression was on the front page of the Sydney newspaper The Daily Telegraph on 17 April 2014 when Barry O'Farrell the Premier of New South Wales, was forced to resign, allegedly for accepting a gift of an expensive bottle of wine without declaring it, and then later denying in court that he had even received the gift. The headline, consisting of almost half the front page, read "A Barry Crocker".

In February 2022, news of the cancellation of Neighbours in the British press prompted fans of the TV show to download the theme song. It reached No. 1 on UK iTunes and at No. 11 on the UK Singles Sales Chart sales and downloads chart ending 17 February 2022.

title: Barry Crocker


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Charlotte Square

Charlotte Square is a garden square in Edinburgh, Scotland, part of the New Town, designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The square is located at the west end of George Street and was intended to mirror St. Andrew Square in the east. The gardens, one of the collection of New Town Gardens, are private and not publicly accessible.

History
Initially named St. George's Square in James Craig's original plan, it was renamed in 1786 after King George III's Queen and first daughter, to avoid confusion with George Square to the south of the Old Town. Charlotte Square was the last part of the initial phase of the New Town to be "completed" in 1820 (note- the north-west section at Glenfinlas Street was not completed until 1990 due to a long-running boundary dispute). Much of it was to the 1791 design of Robert Adam, who died in 1792, just as building began. İts also the place where the famous general Douglas Haig was born in

In 1939 a very sizable air-raid shelter was created under the south side of the gardens, accessed from the street to the south.

In 2013 the south side was redeveloped in an award-winning scheme by Paul Quinn, creating major new office floorspace behind a restored series of townhouses.

Edinburgh Collegiate School was located in Charlotte Square.

Gardens
The garden was originally laid out as a level circular form by William Weir in 1808.

In 1861 a plan was drawn up by Robert Matheson, Clerk of Works for Scotland for a larger, more square garden, centred upon a memorial to the recently deceased Prince Albert, the consort of Queen Victoria.

The commission for the sculpture was granted in 1865 to Sir John Steell. The main statue features an equestrian statue of the prince, in field marshal's uniform, dwarfing the four figures around the base. It was unveiled by Queen Victoria herself in 1876. The stone plinth was designed by the architect David Bryce and the four corner figures are by David Watson Stevenson (Science and Learning/Labour), George Clark Stanton (Army and Navy) and William Brodie (Nobility). The statue was originally intended to go in the centre of the eastern edge of the garden, facing down George Street.

This remodelling featured major new tree-planting which took many years to re-establish.

The central open space is a private garden, available to owners of the surrounding properties. For the last three weeks in August each year Charlotte Square gardens are the site of the Edinburgh International Book Festival.

The railings around the gardens were removed in 1940 as part of the war effort. The current railings date from 1947. Changes to street levels, contours and surfacing to accommodate modern traffic caused controversy in the late 1950s and early '60s.

Buildings
On the north side, No. 5 was the home of John Crichton-Stuart, 4th Marquess of Bute (1881–1947), who bought it in 1903 and gave it to the National Trust for Scotland on his death. It was the Trust headquarters from 1949 to 2000. Bute did much to promote the preservation of the square. Nos. 6 and 7 are also owned by the National Trust for Scotland. No.6, Bute House is the official residence of the First Minister of Scotland. In 1806 it was home to Sir John Sinclair creator of the first Statistical Account of Scotland. No. 7 was internally restored by the Trust in 1975 to its original state, and is open to the public as The Georgian House. The upper floor was formerly the official residence of the Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland. The building includes one fireplace brought from Hill of Tarvit in Fife in 1975.

West Register House, formerly St. George's Church, forms the centre of the west side. It was designed by the architect Robert Reid in 1811, broadly to Adam's plan. The church opened in 1814 and was converted to its current use in 1964. It is one of the main buildings of the National Records of Scotland

Residents
From the very inception of Charlotte Square in 1791, it was anticipated it would be one of the top addresses in Edinburgh. As the Victorian era commenced, the square was increasingly occupied by the elite of the middle class: legal and medical professionals. This is reflected in the notable residents listed below. As the 20th century began most buildings were still occupied as residential addresses, although more are offices, solely occupied by guardians. Pioneer of the telephone, Alexander Graham Bell, was born in nearby South Charlotte Street.

title: Charlotte Square


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User talk:FiveFourThreeOne

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, you can post to the help desk or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! FreplySpang (talk) 03:29, August 29, 2005 (UTC)
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Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. FreplySpang (talk) 03:29, August 29, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:FiveFourThreeOne


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Talk:Joe Cahill

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Ryleepittman.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 01:17, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Background
I see there is a request for a citation about Cahills parents being neighbours to James Connolly. In his book "Joe Cahill - A life in the IRA", Brendan Anderson writes on page 13: "James Connolly[...] lived next door to Cahills grandparents on the Falls road. Joe Cahills parents became good friends with the Connolly family". On page 16: "Joe Cahill was born[...] at 60 Divis Street". I do not know how to remove "citation needed" tags, but I suppose this will qualify as a citation? Andrimner (talk) 17:35, 8 June 2009 (UTC)

Cahill's an interesting guy. I would recommend not using the term "moneylenders" in the article, as some do consider it anti-semetic. I think the appropriate PC terminology is 'loan sharks' and 'usary' for the charging of unreasonably high interest rates.Benitoite (talk) 19:29, 9 June 2009 (UTC)

Place of death
I notice the article currently has Cahill's date and place of birth and date of death, but not place of death. I'm going to add the place of death - the article shouldn't omit simple biographical facts. Irvine22 (talk) 14:26, 5 October 2009 (UTC)
 * Wait until agreement is reached here first Irvine before readding it to avoid an edit war. It would make sense for the article to contain information on where the person died if its reliably sourced, but lets see the reason for its revert by the other editors. BritishWatcher (talk) 18:17, 5 October 2009 (UTC)
 * Yes, I've invited them to comment here. I'll wait before restoring the information. Irvine22 (talk) 18:21, 5 October 2009 (UTC)
 * Is there any more sourced information around this guys death? A section on his death (which goes into more detail including the place of death) would be alot more useful and justifiable. BritishWatcher (talk) 18:23, 5 October 2009 (UTC)

 * Can anyone show me a single article where there is a section entitled "Place of death", particularly one as misplaced as the one added to this article? If Irvine22 cannot work out how unencyclopedic his edit was, then that is Irvine22's problem. O Fenian (talk) 18:31, 5 October 2009 (UTC)
 * I agree there is no need for a section just stating place of death, however many articles have sections on peoples deaths. A death section would be a good starting point which could be expanded if theres more reliable information about what happened to him. BritishWatcher (talk) 18:33, 5 October 2009 (UTC)

Perhaps it might be useful to have an infobox, obviously there would be no free image of him so it would just have to contain information but it would be good to have all the basic info, name, dob, place of birth, death, occupation etc in one place. Im not sure which infobox template would be good, im dont know if theres a terrorist one of something along those lines though. BritishWatcher (talk) 18:31, 5 October 2009 (UTC)

I have created a new Death section. The information about his death was in the peace process section which was totally unreleated. The location he died can now be added to that section. Hope that solves this problem. BritishWatcher (talk) 18:40, 5 October 2009 (UTC)
 * I think it solves it. I added the place of death info in the new section too. Irvine22 (talk) 18:43, 5 October 2009 (UTC)
 * If we add an infobox, Northern Ireland will appear in that. Ive had a quick look but i cant find a terrorist infobox, so we may just have to use the person one. BritishWatcher (talk) 19:09, 5 October 2009 (UTC)
 * I think a person infobox will be fine.Irvine22 (talk) 20:27, 5 October 2009 (UTC)

Is there a policy of how to describe the birth place of people like this? He was born in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, that was the country, why are we just saying an island? This is a serious question, i dont often get involved in Ireland matters so i dont know if theres been previous consensus to say Ireland rather than his actual country? BritishWatcher (talk) 19:11, 5 October 2009 (UTC)
 * And he died (contrary to his expressed wishes) in Northern Ireland. Shame about that. Irvine22 (talk) 19:23, 5 October 2009 (UTC)

Infobox
I have been trying to put together the infobox, although im not sure how exactly to put certain things, im not sure if occupation / known for are correct, heres just a rough idea of what it would look like. To avoid edit wars i think its best to get consensus on the talk page here first, so suggestions on how we could improve this please.. BritishWatcher (talk) 19:50, 5 October 2009 (UTC)
 * I think that's a good start. Not sure about "occupation": maybe "gun runner" would be better there? Irvine22 (talk) 04:59, 6 October 2009 (UTC)
 * lol, i think its important to include the position he held in the PIRA, im not sure if its right to go under the occupation heading but with the exception of "known for" where Irish Republicanism seems to fit quite well im not sure where else it could go. I think that infobox is better than nothing so ill add it as theres been no objections. BritishWatcher (talk) 07:50, 6 October 2009 (UTC)

That is a nice new box thanks, however can someone please explain why we must say an island instead of the country this man was born in? Is there a policy somewhere on this matter, or shall i readd the country he was born in? BritishWatcher (talk) 09:28, 6 October 2009 (UTC)

Obit
Cahill's Guardian obituary makes a very striking contrast in tone with the hagiographic Wiki article and suggests that the article is pretty much undiluted Republican POV and therefore at a considerable remove from reality.

https://www.theguardian.com/news/2004/jul/26/guardianobituaries.northernireland

Fortunately, Cahill is now an obscure figure, so it's unlikely many people have noticed how bad the article is. Khamba Tendal (talk) 18:18, 8 January 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Joe Cahill


text:
CJDC-TV

CJDC-TV (analogue channel 5) is a television station in Dawson Creek, British Columbia, Canada, airing CTV 2 programming. Owned and operated by Bell Media, it is part of the Great West Television system. CJDC-TV's studios are located on 102 Avenue and 9 Street in Dawson Creek, and its transmitter is located near 233 Road in Peace River.

History
CJDC first went on the air on January 15, 1959, and was originally owned by Mega Communications, the owner of CJDC radio. It was the Michaud family that introduced radio and television to the BC Peace River region. Henry and Mike Michaud, also known as Mike Laverne, started the station in 1959. Before CJDC-TV went to air Mike Laverne went to Toronto to visit advertising agencies and hire a news editor to run the radio and television news services. Mike was successful in getting some new national ads for CJDC-TV and hired Australian-born Val Wake as the first news editor of the station's newscast. At the start the only visuals used by the newscast were 35mm transparencies.

The station was originally part of a two-station "sub-network" called Northern Television (NTV) since the early 1990s, until 2002, when it was disbanded and re-launched as Great West Television (joined by CKPG-TV). NTV and GWTV's programming consisted of mainly American shows imported and aired on CHUM Limited's NewNet/A-Channel stations, mixed with CBC's own programming. Great West Television itself would later become virtually non-existent in October 2006, when the CBC expanded its programming schedule to 24 hours a day and the GWTV affiliates accordingly dropped all syndicated programming to accommodate the new CBC schedule, leaving only local news as the remaining parts of GWTV.

CJDC was owned by Standard Broadcasting from 2002 until the fall of 2007, when Astral Media acquired most of the company's assets.

On March 16, 2012, it was announced Bell Canada would be acquiring Astral Media for $3.38 billion. However, the deal was rejected by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) that fall. Bell submitted a revised takeover proposal in 2013, in which it will sell off a number of assets but keep CJDC. Bell has committed to maintaining the station's current conditions of license, including CBC affiliation, until the end of its license term in 2017. Bell owns two networks of its own, CTV and CTV 2, which compete with CBC. The deal was approved by the Competition Bureau in March 2013, and by the CRTC in June 2013.

On October 28, 2015, the CRTC made public an application by Bell to disaffiliate CJDC from CBC Television effective February 22, 2016, switching to CTV 2. Bell and the CBC agreed to an early termination of CJDC's affiliation agreement on October 5. Any TV service providers serving the region and not already carrying a CBC Television owned-and-operated station such as CBUT Vancouver (or potentially CBXT or CBRT from Alberta, in light of Dawson Creek being on Mountain Time) on their basic services will have to add one by the disaffiliation date in order to comply with CRTC regulations. It is now available on cable and satellite effective the same day.

Programming
CJDC currently produces two hour-long newscasts at 6:00 p.m. and 11:00 p.m. on weeknights. A simulcast of the 5:00 p.m. edition of CTV News Vancouver is carried on weekdays, and the 6 p.m. and 11 p.m. newscasts from CTV 2 Victoria sister station CIVI-DT are aired on weekends. The station has some schedule variance in comparison to CIVI; due to its hour-long late-night newscast unlike other CTV 2 stations, it does not air The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon, and a rotating strip of outdoors programming is aired at midnight before Late Night with Seth Meyers.

Unlike its sister station CFTK-TV in Terrace, CJDC is located in the Mountain Time Zone. Thus, its supper-hour newscast does not directly compete with the high-rated News Hour on Global BC and as such, it receives respectable ratings (according to Numeris). During daylight saving time, CJDC is also located in the Pacific Time Zone.

Transmitters
CJDC-TV was previously repeated on CBC-owned rebroadcasters in Fort St. John, Pouce Coupe and Chetwynd. Due to budget cuts handed down on the CBC in April 2012, the CBC announced several austerity measures to keep the corporation solvent and in operation; this included the closure of the CBC and Radio-Canada's remaining analogue transmitters, including all CBC-owned transmitters rebroadcasting private stations on July 31, 2012.

On April 23, 2015, CJDC-TV's transmitter in Hudson's Hope, CJDC-TV-1 channel 11, was destroyed in a fire. Bell Media subsequently applied on May 5 for permission to delete the transmitter, citing the fact that they had received no phone calls from viewers regarding the loss of the station (since they receive it locally on cable and DTH satellite television service). Bell further justified this by saying it would cost at least $35,000 to replace the destroyed nine-watt transmitter, and it brought in no revenue of its own to the station.

On October 4, 2017, Bell Media applied for a new transmitter in Fort St. John to repeat CJDC-TV. The application was approved on December 12, 2017. The transmitter, which broadcasts on channel 9, is a reactivation of a former CBC-owned transmitter, CBCD-TV-3, though using the then-available call-sign of CJDC-TV-1, which was vacated following the cancellation of the Hudson's Hope transmitter.

title: CJDC-TV


text:
Alexis Davis (General Hospital)

Alexis Davis is a fictional character on the ABC soap opera, General Hospital. Nancy Lee Grahn originated the role on September 26, 1996. She is the daughter of Mikkos Cassadine and Kristin Bergman. She is also the mother of Sam McCall, Kristina Davis and Molly Lansing.

Casting
Nancy Lee Grahn, known for her Emmy winning portrayal of Julia Wainwright on Santa Barbara, made her first appearance as Alexis on September 26, 1996, on a recurring basis. In 1997, Grahn was put on contract with the series due to her popularity among fans. Susan Diol temporarily played the role from November 2001 to March 2002, when Grahn's father died. In 2010, Grahn announced she had renewed her contract for an additional four years. On April 8, 2021, Gable Swanlund portrayed the role of a younger Alexis in flashbacks during a special episode centred on Alexis. Stephanie Erb portrayed the role temporarily in 2022 when Grahn was recovering from surgery.

Background
Alexis is the daughter of Mikkos Cassadine, a Greco-Russian prince, and his mistress Kristin Bergman, a Swedish opera singer. Mikkos' wife Helena Cassadine slit Kristin's throat in front of young Alexis, who then developed partial amnesia and forgot her true identity. Alexis was taken into Mikkos' house to be raised as a poor relative with the last name Davidovitch, while her infant sister Kristina disappeared. Alexis' half-brother Stavros Cassadine tormented her, but her other half-brother Stefan Cassadine (who believed at the time Alexis was his cousin) protected her, gaining her loyalty. While attending Briarton Griggs Academy, a boarding school in New Hampshire, Alexis at 16 sees an opportunity to reinvent herself. She dresses up, sneaks out of boarding school and goes to a bar, where she meets Julian Jerome. The two have a one-night stand and she became pregnant. Her father, Mikkos Cassadine took the baby, and gave her up for adoption. Alexis graduated from Yale University as an undergraduate and earned a J.D. from Yale Law School.

1996–2005
In 1996, Stefan, who has instructed Alexis to change her last name to Davis, brings her to town for legal aid. Alexis is protective of Stefan, and tries to make him believe his lover Katherine Bell is his half-sister Natasha. Luke Spencer helps Alexis discover that she is actually the real Natasha. Helena uses this to force Alexis to help her gain control of the Cassadine empire. By doing so, Alexis receives her princess birthright, a title she later gives up. In an attempt to avenge her mother's death, she teams up with Luke to kill Helena, and mistakenly pushes Katherine off a parapet instead. Katherine is presumed dead and Stefan is put on trial; Alexis defends him and gets the charges dropped. Meanwhile, Alexis begins dating Ned Ashton. In 1999, in a complicated scheme to help Chloe Morgan save her company, Ned marries Chloe and Alexis marries Jasper Jacks. Chloe eventually loses her company, and the couples divorce. Ned then proposes to Alexis, but she developed cold feet and talked to Ned right before the wedding and called it off. In 2000, Alexis teams up with mob boss Sonny Corinthos to defend troubled teen Zander Smith, which leads to Alexis reluctantly becoming the full-time lawyer for Sonny and his enforcer Jason Morgan. Meanwhile, in 2001, Jax helps Alexis find her presumed dead sister Kristina Carter. By 2002, Alexis and Sonny have continued to bond, which leads to a one-night stand witnessed by Carly Corinthos, Sonny's estranged wife at the time. Alexis learns she is pregnant, but does not tell Sonny due to his dangerous lifestyle. Ned, who is dating her sister Kristina, agrees to claim to be the father. Kristina dies in a warehouse explosion meant for Sonny and set up by Luis Alcazar. At Kristina's memorial service, Alexis berates Sonny, blaming him for her death. Alexis gives birth to a girl she names Kristina after her sister.

Alexis confronts Luis Alcazar about her sister's death, to which Alcazar threatens Alexis and she accidentally pushes him to his death. In 2003, she fakes dissociative identity disorder to avoid jail time, while Ned is given custody of Kristina and brings her to live with the Quartermaine family. Alexis disguises herself as a man named Dobson and begins working at the Quartermaine mansion to be closer to her daughter. With the help of psychiatrist Cameron Lewis, Alexis eventually regains full custody of Kristina.

When Kristina is diagnosed with aplastic anemia and needs bone marrow, Alexis is forced to tell Sonny the truth. Kristina's only hope is from stem cells from the unborn child of Sonny and his former lover Sam McCall. Alexis desperately attempts to convince Sam to induce labor two weeks early. However, Sam collapses while they're arguing, and her baby is stillborn. Kristina gets the stem cells she needs, and recovers. Alexis gets involved with Sonny's half-brother, Ric Lansing. Both actors were excited about the pairing, as Grahn told TV Guide, "They're a match. When Alexis gives, Ric can give it right back." The two marry and get pregnant. Alexis comes close to death giving birth to Molly during a train wreck caused by Manny Ruiz, a dangerous criminal. Alexis becomes the court-appointed defense lawyer for Manny, and gets him acquitted despite everyone's warnings about him going free.

2006–11
During the encephalitis epidemic, Alexis receives the last antidote over Sam's brother Danny McCall. Danny dies, which increases Sam's animosity towards Alexis. When she recovers, Alexis decides to find the daughter that she was forced to give up for adoption as a teenager. She is led to believe the girl died, but Jason tells Alexis that her daughter is none other than Sam. When Sam is nearly killed by Manny, Alexis pressures Jason to break up with Sam for her safety. Furious with Alexis' meddling and Jason's choice, Sam gets drunk and sleeps with Ric. Alexis and Jason both witness this. Before she can confront them, Alexis is diagnosed with second-stage lung cancer, and has to undergo chemotherapy. She recovers, and files for divorce from Ric. Knowing Alexis used medical marijuana to counter her chemotherapy, Ric gets full custody of Molly. However, when his father, Zacchara mob lawyer Trevor Lansing, threatens to take Molly away, Ric gives Molly back to Alexis. Sam and Alexis also repair their relationship, and start to bond. Alexis becomes the District Attorney and befriends Sonny's new attorney Diane Miller.

When Alexis charges Mayor Floyd with the murder of his mistress, he reveals that they slept together years before when Alexis had cancer. Alexis has to deal with the resulting fallout from the scandal, as well as a teenage Kristina, rebellious and headstrong. Though Sam tells Alexis her concerns about Kristina, Alexis blames Sonny's son, Michael, for Kristina's troubles. She is faced with the reality of Kristina's situation when Alexis' car is proven to have run Claudia Zacchara off the road, leading to the death of her unborn child. Alexis realizes Kristina was responsible, and confesses to protect her daughter. She's also accused of murdering the mayor's mistress. With the help of her nephew, Nikolas Cassadine, and Diane, Alexis gets a light sentence, though she's forced to resign as the District Attorney. Kristina's problems do not end there, though, and she is hospitalized after being beaten up by her boyfriend, Kiefer Bauer. While driving Kristina to the hospital, Alexis ends up running over Kiefer, killing him. She is not prosecuted, infuriating Kiefer's father, Warren. He continually tries to get Alexis prosecuted, and when his attempts fail, he becomes deranged and opens fire inside General Hospital. He tries to kill Kristina, but he is shot and killed by Mac Scorpio before he can. Kristina and Molly try to set up Alexis with Mac, and though they go on a few dates, Alexis decides she's not interested in Mac.

In order to keep Kristina from dating the older Ethan Lovett, Alexis has Sonny pull strings so Kristina can get into Yale. Kristina is accepted, and leaves for college. Alexis begrudgingly lets Molly, now in high school, date T.J. Ashford. Alexis starts dating Shawn Butler, T.J.'s guardian. She becomes an attorney in Diane's firm, and is involved in various cases during this time, including the custody battle of Josslyn Jacks, and Maxie Jones' trial for the murder of Lisa Niles.

2012–
Alexis is hospitalized after being lured into a trap by Jerry Jacks, her old flame. He later reveals that he was actually inoculating her against a pathogen that he put in the Port Charles water supply, infecting the whole town. He demands a large sum of money in exchange for the antidote. Jerry kidnaps her, hoping to disappear with Alexis and the money. However, Shawn rescues Alexis, and the antidote is recovered, saving the town. Alexis becomes a grandmother when Sam has a son with Jason, Danny Morgan. When Danny is diagnosed with leukemia and needs a bone marrow transplant, Sam asks Alexis about her biological father when no one proves to be a match. Alexis reveals that Sam's father was a man she met for only one night, and never saw again. Wanting to help Sam and Danny, Alexis undergoes hypnosis and finds out Sam's father's name is Julian. Sam and Alexis find a donor match for Danny from Derek Wells. Alexis becomes attracted to Derek, though she tries to downplay it. When Alexis hears Shawn mention Julian Jerome, a mobster presumed dead, she suspects that Julian might be Sam's father. She and Sam eventually get proof that Julian is Sam's biological father. Alexis eventually finds out that "Derek" is actually Julian, and he's looking to rebuild his mob empire. In his bid to get Sonny's territory, Julian ends up hiding behind Danny, refusing to bank his bone marrow so that Sonny won't kill him. Both Alexis and Sam are disgusted, and push Julian away. However, Julian tells Alexis that he's also attracted to her, and he'll try to win her over.

In an attempt to avoid Julian's romantic gestures, Alexis dates Ned. Julian, though, becomes even more determined to win Alexis over. When Julian leaves the mob to protect his family, Alexis decides to give him a chance, and they start dating. Julian proposes to her, and the two get married. However, Julian's past comes back to haunt him when his hit man, Carlos Rivera, is arrested for killing Duke Lavery. Alexis represents Carlos, to protect Julian from being implicated. Carlos and a witness who saw Duke's murder turn up dead, and Alexis realizes Julian is responsible for both murders. She tries to turn Julian in, but he hides the evidence that proves he killed Carlos. Alexis files for divorce, furious with Julian and his broken promises. Alexis is arrested for Carlos' murder, and Julian refuses to come forward to protect her. To exonerate herself, Alexis wears a wire and gets Julian to confess to the murders. However, he finds the wire, and tries to kill Alexis. Sonny saves Alexis, and Julian is arrested.

While Julian is awaiting trial, Alexis' law license is suspended for a year because of her breach of ethics for defending Carlos. This, combined with Julian getting acquitted of the murder charges, pushes Alexis over the edge, and she turns to alcohol. Her drinking nearly kills Danny, and alienates her family. The only one who realizes Alexis' drinking problem is Julian, who is still in love with her. During Thanksgiving, Alexis bails on her family to go drinking, and Julian catches her. Alexis tries to escape, but Julian chases after her, and she ends up running him over. Panicked, Alexis runs away. Julian survives, but blackmails Alexis into taking care of him at her house until he recovers. Alexis' drinking gets worse, and she realizes that she may have killed Tom Baker while drunk. This revelation eventually gets Alexis to sober up, and she goes to AA, eventually reconciling with her family. She is cleared of Tom's murder when they find the real killer.

Alexis finds out that her AA sponsor, "Liv Lowry," is actually Olivia St. John, Julian's older sister who was presumed dead is alive and identifies her as Morgan's killer and as Robin's abductor with the help of Curtis, Jason, Sam, and Jordan. Alexis confronts Julian for letting Olivia get close to her, and writes him off. Olivia kidnaps Alexis soon after, and tries to get Julian to kill Alexis as payback for Julian killing Duke, whom Olivia was in love with. Instead, Julian helps Alexis escape. When he tries to fight Olivia, Julian disappears and is presumed dead. Alexis later finds a letter Julian left, saying Olivia threatened to kill his family for months if he didn't kill Alexis, and he was forced to do her bidding. Olivia was later arrested after Sonny and Carly found her at the cemetery. After Olivia was arrested, her defense attorney was Nora Buchanan from Llanview who was also her long lost half-brother Valentin's family attorney. One week after Olivia was sent to a mental asylum, the incident at the Floating Rib took place there involving revenge for Olivia Jerome.

Reception
In 2001, California Lawyer magazine called Alexis "the best lawyer portrayed on network television today." Grahn received Daytime Emmy Award nominations for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series in 2000, 2011 and 2012; and for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series in 2003, 2004, 2005, and 2017. In 2012, she won the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress.

In 2023, Charlie Mason from Soaps She Knows placed Alexis 13th on his ranked list of General Hospital's 40+ Greatest Characters of All Time, commenting that "Bundles of neuroses don't come any more compelling than this alcoholic ex-attorney, the brilliant matriarch of the Davis girls and the most engaging disaster you're ever likely to watch — preferably from a safe distance."

title: Alexis Davis (General Hospital)


text:
Line of Fire (2003 TV series)

Line of Fire is an American crime drama television series that was broadcast on ABC for 11 episodes from December 2, 2003 to May 30, 2004 during the winter of 2003-2004. It starred Leslie Bibb and Jeffrey D. Sams.

The show was canceled after just 11 episodes in June 2004, though 13 episodes in all were produced.

Plot
Two rookie FBI agents (Leslie Bibb and Jeffrey D. Sams) are assigned to the bureau's Richmond, Virginia field office, where their story parallels that of a local mob boss, Jonah Malloy (David Paymer). When a fellow agent is murdered in a shootout with the gangsters, the head of the FBI branch (Leslie Hope) declares an all-out war on the criminal underworld. The following episodes weaved intricately between Bibb and Sams' federal agency and Paymer's gang, though the two storylines rarely met head-on, except when occasionally focusing on an undercover agent (Anson Mount).

Mob boss Jonah Malloy's signature line was "That's that with that."

Cast

 * Leslie Bibb as Paige Van Doren
 * David Paymer as Jonah Malloy
 * Anson Mount as Roy Ravelle
 * Leslie Hope as Lisa Cohen
 * Jeffrey D. Sams as Todd Stevens
 * Julie Ann Emery as Jennifer Sampson
 * Brian Goodman as Donovan Stubbin
 * Michael Irby as Amiel Macarthur

title: Line of Fire (2003 TV series)


text: User talk:68.9.134.107

title: User talk:68.9.134.107


text:
Distinguished Civilian Service Awards Board

The Distinguished Civilian Service Awards Board was a board created for recommending civilians for awards from the U.S. Federal government for distinguished service. It was originally established by President Dwight D. Eisenhower on June 27, 1957, by to recommend to the President people in the U.S. Civil Service to receive the President's Award for Distinguished Federal Civilian Service. Its mandate was expanded via by President John F. Kennedy on February 22, 1963, so that the board would recommend to the President people to be awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom.

Jimmy Carter abolished the Distinguished Civilian Service Awards Board in Executive Order 12014 and turned over the responsibility for recommending recipients to the Chairman of the United States Civil Service Commission. This executive order was subsequently modified again by Jimmy Carter in which named the Director of the Office of Personnel Management as the person responsible for making recommendations to the President.

The Director of the Office of Personnel Management, under the authority of Executive Order 12107, has established the Presidential Rank Award Distinguished Review Board.

Additionally, the President can confer the award on persons not nominated by anyone; however, normally, each component of the Department of Defense will nominate recipients through the Secretary and the Public Service Awards Panel.


text:
Documentary evidence

Documentary evidence is any evidence that is, or can be, introduced at a trial in the form of documents, as distinguished from oral testimony. Documentary evidence is most widely understood to refer to writings on paper (such as an invoice, a contract or a will), but the term can also apply to any media by which information can be preserved, such as photographs; a medium that needs a mechanical device to be viewed, such as a tape recording or film; and a printed form of digital evidence, such as emails or spreadsheets.

Normally, before documentary evidence is admissible as evidence, it must be proved by other evidence from a witness that the document is genuine, called "laying a foundation".

As a general rule of evidence, a document shall be proved by primary evidence that is document itself. No oral evidence of content of documents shall be admissible. But in certain circumstances the secondary evidence of documents including the oral evidence can be given. For instance, when original is lost or is in custody or possession of person against whom it is sought to be proved.

Documentary v. physical evidence
A piece of evidence is not documentary evidence if it is presented for some purpose other than the examination of the contents of the document. For example, if a blood-spattered letter is introduced solely to show that the defendant stabbed the author of the letter from behind as it was being written, then the evidence is physical evidence, not documentary evidence. However, a film of the murder taking place would be documentary evidence (just as a written description of the event from an eyewitness). If the content of that same letter is then introduced to show the motive for the murder, then the evidence would be both physical and documentary.

Authentication
Documentary evidence is subject to specific forms of authentication, usually through the testimony of an eyewitness to the execution of the document, or to the testimony of a witness able to identify the handwriting of the purported author. Documentary evidence is also subject to the best evidence rule, which requires that the original document be produced unless there is a good reason not to do so.

title: Documentary evidence


text:
Allende, Coahuila

Allende is a city in the Mexican state of Coahuila. The city serves as the administrative center for the surrounding municipality of Allende.

History
The name "Allende" is in honor of Ignacio Allende, a hero of Mexico's War of Independence. The town's folk hero is Arnulfo González who was gunned down in the mid-1920s, and has a "corrido" sung by artists such as Vicente Fernández and many others. Prior to 1832 the settlement was known as San Juan de Mata.

Los Zetas Massacre
In February, 2014, members of the Army, Navy, State, and Federal Police forces began searching for the remains of at least 300 residents of the region, who had been murdered in 2011 and buried in a series of clandestine graves in local ranches. In the Dallas suburbs, the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) had launched Operation Too Legit to Quit after some surprising busts. In one, police had found $802,000, vacuum-packed and hidden in the gas tank of a pickup. The driver said he worked for a guy he knew only as “El Diablo,” the Devil.

After more arrests, DEA Agent Richard Martinez and Assistant U.S. Attorney Ernest Gonzalez determined that El Diablo was 30-year-old Jose Vasquez, Jr., a Dallas native who’d started selling drugs in high school and was now the leading Zetas cocaine distributor in east Texas, moving truckloads of drugs, guns and money each month. As they prepared to arrest him, Vasquez slipped across the border to Allende, where he sought protection from members of the cartel’s inner circle. But Martinez and Gonzalez saw an opportunity in his escape. If they could persuade Vasquez to cooperate, it would give them rare access to the senior ranks of the notoriously impenetrable cartel and a chance to capture its leaders, particularly the Treviño brothers, who had killed their way onto the list of the DEA’s top targets. Miguel Ángel Treviño was known as Z-40, Omar as Z-42.

What Martinez wanted were the trackable PINs, or personal identification numbers, of the Treviños’ BlackBerry phones. Vasquez had left the agent plenty of leverage. His wife and mother were still living in Texas. The DEA threatened to imprison Vasquez’s mother and wife if he did not get the trackable PINs for the Treviños. Under pressure to get the phones’ PINs, Vasquez turned to Héctor Moreno, a Zeta lieutenant, using a little leverage of his own. It was Moreno’s brother, Gilberto, who had been caught driving the truck with $802,000 in the gas tank. Facing 20 years in prison, Gilberto had confessed that he was working for the Zetas and that the cash belonged to the Treviño brothers. Vasquez arranged for his lawyer in Dallas to represent Gilberto and promised not to let anyone else in the cartel know about Gilberto’s incriminating statements. Moreno repaid the favor by agreeing to get Vasquez the numbers.

The Treviños found out; in response, members of the Zetas seized the towns of Allende and Nava, destroyed 80 houses with heavy machinery, and kidnapped approximately 80 families. These people were not seen again, until the operation began uncovering some of their bodies, many of which allegedly had been dissolved with a mixture of diesel fuel and caustic soda in large barrels of improvised "kitchens", in 2014.

Geography
The city of Allende is located at 28.34167°N, -100.83389°W, at a height of 380 m above sea level. It straddles Federal Highway 57, with state capital Saltillo some 390 km away to the south, while the international border crossing at Piedras Negras, Coahuila (across the Río Bravo del Norte from Eagle Pass, Texas, United States) is some 55 km to the north. Allende is also crossed by the railway that connects Saltillo to the border city of Ciudad Acuña (across the river from Del Rio, Texas, United States).

Allende municipality covers a total surface area of 198.70 km2 and, in 2000, reported a total population of 20,153. The town's annual festival (fiesta patronal) takes place on 29 August. In addition to the municipal seat, the only other two settlements of any size in the municipality are Río Bravo and Chamucero.

title: Allende, Coahuila


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Guide to Gungan/Basic pidgin

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. Fernando Rizo T/C 00:06, 7 September 2005 (UTC)

Guide to Gungan/Basic pidgin
Delete. Part fancruft, part original research. Short list of "translations" from Jar Jar-speak into English. android 79  03:35, August 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * Oh, that's weird. I wonder what the Gungan word for delete is... Alr 03:46, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Cleanup and rename - it could at least be used to contrast the differences between Klingon and Gungan, and would tie in well with other Star Wars languages.--inks 04:03, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * No. No comparisons, for God's sake. Delete. --Apostrophe 22:16, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge into Languages in Star Wars if possible, otherwise delete. This looks like something that would belong in Wikibooks, anyway. Jaxl | talk 04:06, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, fancruft and/or original research. — J I P | Talk 07:12, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete . WP is not a dictionary. Even of real languages.— Encephalon |  ζ   07:23:03, 2005-08-29 (UTC)
 * Delete this isn't about the language, but lists translated words (aka Wikipedia is not a dictionary). - Mgm|(talk) 11:25, August 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete --tranquileye 11:42:18, 2005-08-29 (UTC)
 * Delete Agree w/Encephalon. Dottore So 13:17, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per Encephalon. Also, because this stupid creature annoys me.--Scimitar parley 15:08, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - fancruft, original research, and Wikipedia is not a dictionary or phrasebook. Rob Church Talk 19:18, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Jachin 22:05, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Common galaxias

The common galaxias (Galaxias maculatus) or inanga (from the Māori īnanga) is a very widespread Southern Hemisphere fish in the family Galaxiidae. It is a slim, narrow fish with a forked tail and a mottled, spotty pattern, typically about 10 cm long when fully grown. It lives in fresh water, but spawns at river mouths and spends the first six months of its life at sea, returning en masse in spring. Its vernacular names include cowfish, jollytail, common jollytail, eel gudgeon, inaka, native trout, pulangi, puye, slippery tarki, spotted minnow, Falklands minnow and whitebait.

Description
Common galaxias have iridescent silver eyes, undersides, and gill covers, and some have an iridescent green stripe along the top of their bodies which can be intermittently seen as they swim. Their specific name maculatus ("spotted") comes from the pattern of dark-mottled, leopard-like spots on an olive-brown background along their upper bodies. This pattern ranges from very subtle to quite bold. Common galaxias have slightly forked tails, unlike other most other galaxiids, which have square tails. Adults typically range from 8 - 11 cm in length, with an average of 10 cm. The maximum reported length 19 cm.

They are commonly found in small schools or shoals in slow-moving water, but can be more solitary in swifter streams.

Distribution and habitat
Common galaxias are one of the most widely distributed freshwater fish in the world. They inhabit Chile (35–55°S), Patagonia, Argentina, the Falkland Islands, some Pacific Islands such as New Caledonia, New Zealand, and coastal streams in south-eastern Australia, Tasmania, and southwest Western Australia.

Adults are mainly found in still or slow-moving water in the lower parts of coastal streams and rivers, or around the edges of lagoons; they can tolerate a wide range of natural conditions. If oxygen levels are low as a result of eutrophication, they can jump out of the water (emerse) and take up oxygen through their skin as a last resort. They need access to riparian vegetation for spawning, and usually live in river systems with access to the sea, as their larval stage is marine. They tend to be found in lower-elevation streams as unlike other species of Galaxias they cannot climb past waterfalls.

Common galaxias can become land-locked (such as in five lakes in Northland, New Zealand), feeding and breeding in large beds of reeds.

Life history

This species is usually considered amphidromous, a particular type of diadromy meaning that reproduction occurs in fresh water and larval growth occurs in the sea.

Reproduction
Adult fish typically reach sexual maturity at one year and spawning is triggered by changes in day length and temperature. Unless landlocked within a lake, the common galaxias spawns mainly in autumn during spring tides in the tidally influenced reaches of rivers and streams but spawning in winter and spring has occurred. The eggs are laid en masse amongst flooded riparian vegetation by females. Male fish then release sperm into the water and the eggs are fertilised externally.

This type of spawning is called polygynandry. Eggs remain attached to the vegetation as the tide recedes. Two types of reproductive strategy occur: the most common is a 'boom bust' strategy whereby spawning occurs in one event and is followed by death (semelparity), or much more rarely spawning occurs in multiple years before death iteroparity.

Egg development
Eggs (about 1 mm diameter) develop at the base of vegetation for 2–4 weeks. Environmental conditions in the vegetation (particularly temperature and humidity) are critical for successful egg development. Egg mortality occurs from excess exposure to sunlight, predation from mice and spiders, grazing and trampling by livestock, mowing of bankside vegetation in urban areas, and flooding. The following spring tide floods the eggs stimulating them to hatch.

Marine life
After hatching, the 7-mm-long larvae are swept out to sea and spend 3–6 months in the marine environment. This phase of their lifecycle is little understood, as the larvae are small, transparent, and difficult to locate. The speed and direction of ocean currents play an important role in their dispersal; temperature and food availability are also important in determining how long they spend at sea. This marine dispersal phase is a critical part of the common galaxias's lifecycle, because it gives larvae from different populations or rivers the opportunity to 'connect'.

When the juveniles are sufficiently grown, about 30–55 mm in length, they migrate back into fresh water. The juveniles form large shoals as they move through estuaries. Some of their life is spent in the lower reaches of rivers, where they metamorphose, before spending their adult life in suitable freshwater habitat. Some individuals return to the river they were born in (natal homing), but most return to rivers other than their birth site.

Freshwater life
Following metamorphosis, adult spend around 6 months in fresh water, where they gain sufficient growth and energy to begin investing in reproduction. Males generally reach sexual maturity earlier and at a smaller size than females.

Parasites
In New Zealand, Deretrema philippae (=Limnoderetrema minutum) is known to parasitise the intestine (and possibly gall bladder) of the common galaxias. Similarly, the intestinal parasite Steganoderma szidati has been reported from this species' Argentinian population. These are digenean flatworms.

Fishing
The juveniles are caught as whitebait while moving upstream and are much valued as a delicacy, leading to their protection with controlled fishing seasons to preserve adult populations. They are fished commercially in New Zealand, Chile, and Argentina, but the last Australian commercial fishery closed in Tasmania in the 1970s.

Some jurisdictions permit fishing of the adults, but again under regulation or licence to preserve the adult population, but others ban it altogether unless the fisher belongs to an indigenous people (e.g., New Zealand Māori). For instance, in Tasmania, the adult common galaxias may only be caught using a pole of a specified maximum size (1 m).

Conservation
Galaxiid species are, in general, threatened by human activities such as intensive agriculture and land change use. These activities have removed vegetation from stream banks that are needed for spawning to protect eggs from the sun. The increased nutrient input into streams from farming can lead to eutrophication. In New Zealand, their conservation status is declining, mostly because of habitat loss and degradation.

As adults, common galaxias eat insects, crustaceans, and molluscs. This is the same diet as introduced trout, which not only compete for food, but also readily eat them. In areas where trout have become naturalised, common galaxias are scarce. Common galaxias, therefore, are mostly found in stretches of streams and rivers that are less suitable for introduced trout.

Restoration
In parts of New Zealand, this species spawning habitat has become degraded due to activities related to agriculture, urbanisation, and land use change. This creates sink populations in rivers as adult fish have nowhere suitable to lay their eggs and the majority of eggs die. Because these sink rivers produce no eggs or larvae, a gap is created during marine dispersal. No opportunities exist for the exchange of larvae from these sink populations with other populations. However, these sink populations can receive larvae that were born in different rivers. They will not be able to successfully reproduce and the sink cycle continues.

Innovative methods to restore the riparian spawning habitat include using straw bales as a temporary replacement for vegetation. Straw bales provide the same conditions and physical structure as natural vegetation, enabling the eggs to develop successfully. This method ensures that eggs and larvae are produced and that each river is a source of larvae. Exclusion of livestock and fencing of the bank-side vegetation is also an effective method to encourage regrowth of suitable vegetation. Restoration of the spawning habitat helps to maintain connectivity between larvae from different rivers during marine dispersal.

title: Common galaxias


text:
Anthony Jackson (musician)

Anthony Jackson (born June 23, 1952) is an American bassist. Described as "one of the masters of the instrument", he has performed as a session musician and live artist. He is also credited with the development of the modern six-string bass, which he refers to as a contrabass guitar.

Biography
Jackson played piano before starting guitar in his teens. When he turned to bass guitar, he was inspired by James Jamerson and Jack Casady. Jackson worked as a session musician, in the Billy Paul band, and with Philadelphia International Records. Paul’s 1972 hit "Me and Mrs. Jones" was Jackson’s first No. 1 record. His performance on "For the Love of Money" by The O'Jays helped move the song to No. 9 on the pop chart and No. 3 on the R&B chart in 1974.

Jackson is a student of Jerry Fisher, Lawrence Lucie, and Pat Martino. He has performed live in more than 30 countries and has recorded in more than 3000 sessions on more than 500 albums.

In 2016 Jackson had to miss some performances with Hiromi, due to ill health.

Six-string contrabass guitar
Danelectro (1956), Fender (1961) and other manufacturers had produced six-string basses tuned one octave below a guitar (EADGBE), and Jackson had briefly played a Fender five-string bass tuned EADGC. Jackson first approached various luthiers in 1974 about the construction of his idea for a “contrabass guitar” tuned in fourths BEADGC, and Carl Thompson built the first six-string for Jackson in 1975. He first performed on the Thompson-built bass in 1975, recording with Carlos Garnett and touring with Roberta Flack. He later approached luthier Ken Smith to build him a six string bass before finally playing instruments made by New York-based bass makers, Fodera.

Jackson said that the idea for adding more strings to the bass guitar came from his frustration with its limited range. When asked what he thought of criticism of the six-string bass, Jackson replied, "Why is four [strings] the standard and not six? As the lowest-pitched member of the guitar family, the instrument should have had six strings from the beginning. The only reason it had four was because Leo Fender was thinking in application terms of an upright bass, but he built it along guitar lines because that was his training. The logical conception for the bass guitar encompasses six strings."

From 1982 onwards Jackson has almost exclusively played a contrabass guitar. Prior to 1982 his main instruments included a 1973 Fender Precision Bass, a 1973 Fender Jazz bass fitted with a 1975 Precision neck, and a Gibson EB-2D bass. In 1984 Fodera introduced their first Anthony Jackson Signature Model contrabass, followed in 1989 with a single cutaway model, the “Anthony Jackson Presentation Contrabass Guitar”.

As co-leader

 * Easy Pieces by Easy Pieces (Steve Ferrone, Renee Geyer, Anthony Jackson, Hamish Stuart) (A&M, 1988)
 * Trio in Tokyo with Michel Petrucciani, Steve Gadd (Dreyfus, 1999)
 * Interspirit with Yiorgos Fakanas (Abstract Logix, 2010)

As studio musician or guest
With Patti Austin
 * Havana Candy (CTI, 1977)
 * Every Home Should Have One (Qwest, 1981)
 * In My Life (CTI, 1983)

With Alex Bugnon
 * This Time Around (Epic, 1993)
 * Tales from the Bright Side (RCA, 1995)
 * As Promised (Narada, 2000)

With Michel Camilo
 * Why Not? (Electric Bird, 1985)
 * In Trio (Electric Bird, 1986)
 * Rendezvous (Columbia, 1993)
 * One More Once (Columbia, 1994)
 * Thru My Eyes (TropiJazz, 1997)
 * Triangulo (Telarc, 2002)
 * Caribe (Calle 54, 2009)

With Jorge Dalto
 * Rendez-Vous (Eastworld, 1983)
 * New York Nightline (Eastworld, 1984)
 * Listen Up! (Gaia 1988)

With Mandoki Soulmates
 * People in Room No. 8 (PolyGram, 1997)
 * Soulmates (Paroli, 2002)
 * Out of Key...with the Time (Sony, 2002)
 * Legends of Rock (Paroli, 2005)
 * Aquarelle (NEO, 2009)
 * BudaBest (Sony, 2013)

With Al Di Meola
 * Land of the Midnight Sun (Columbia, 1976)
 * Elegant Gypsy (Columbia, 1977)
 * Casino (Columbia, 1978)
 * Splendido Hotel (Columbia, 1980)
 * Tour de Force (CBS, 1982)
 * Electric Rendezvous (Columbia, 1982)
 * Tirami Su (EMI-Manhattan, 1987)
 * Kiss My Axe (Tomato, 1991)
 * Flesh on Flesh (Telarc, 2002)
 * Cosmopolitan Life (Ole, 2005)
 * Vocal Rendezvous (SPV, 2006)

With Will Downing
 * A Dream Fulfilled (Island, 1991)
 * Love's the Place to Be (4th & Broadway 1993)
 * Moods (4th & Broadway 1995)
 * All the Man You Need (Motown 2000)
 * Christmas, Love and You (GRP, 2004)
 * Lust, Love & Lies (Peak 2010)
 * Silver (2013)

With Roberta Flack
 * Feel Like Makin' Love (Atlantic, 1974)
 * Blue Lights in the Basement (Atlantic, 1977)
 * Roberta Flack (Atlantic, 1978)
 * Roberta Flack Featuring Donny Hathaway (Atlantic, 1979)
 * Roberta (Atlantic, 1994)

With Carlos Franzetti
 * New York Toccata (Verve, 1985)
 * Tropic of Capricorn (Square Discs 1993)
 * Grafitti (Sonorama, 2007)

With Jun Fukamachi
 * Spiral Steps (Kitty, 1976)
 * The Sea of Dirac (Kitty, 1977)
 * Evening Star (Kitty, 1978)
 * Live (Alfa, 1978)
 * On the Move (Alfa, 1978)

With Eric Gale
 * Ginseng Woman (Columbia, 1977)
 * Multiplication (Columbia, 1977)
 * Part of You (Columbia, 1979)

With Terumasa Hino
 * City Connection (Flying Disk, 1979)
 * Daydream (Flying Disk, 1980)
 * Double Rainbow (CBS/Sony, 1981)

With Garland Jeffreys
 * Ghost Writer (A&M, 1977)
 * One-Eyed Jack (A&M, 1978)
 * I'm Alive (Universal, 2006)

With Chaka Khan
 * Chaka (Warner Bros., 1978)
 * Naughty (Warner Bros., 1980)
 * What Cha' Gonna Do for Me (Warner Bros., 1981)
 * Chaka Khan (Warner Bros., 1982)
 * Destiny (Warner Bros., 1986)
 * The Woman I Am (Warner Bros., 1992)

With Steve Khan
 * Eyewitness (Antilles, 1981)
 * Modern Times (Trio, 1982)
 * Casa Loco (Antilles, 1984)
 * Helping Hand (Polydor, 1987)
 * Public Access (GRP, 1990)
 * Headline (Polydor, 1992)
 * Crossings (PolyGram, 1994)
 * The Suitcase: Live in Koln '94 (ESC, 2008)
 * Parting Shot (ESC, 2011)

With Tania Maria
 * Made in New York (Manhattan, 1985)
 * The Lady from Brazil (Manhattan, 1986)
 * Bela Vista (World Pacific, 1990)
 * Europe (Pee Wee Music, 1997)

With Harvey Mason
 * Earthmover (Arista, 1976)
 * Funk in a Mason Jar (Arista, 1977)
 * Stone Mason (Alfa, 1982)

With Michel Petrucciani
 * Music (Blue Note, 1989)
 * Playground (Blue Note, 1991)
 * Both Worlds (Dreyfus, 1997)
 * Trio in Tokyo (Dreyfus, 1999)

With Buddy Rich
 * Transition (Groove Merchant, 1974)
 * Very Live at Buddy's Place (Groove Merchant, 1974)
 * The Bull (Chiaroscuro, 1980)
 * Tuff Dude (LRC, 1986)
 * The All Star Small Groups (LRC, 2001)

With Lee Ritenour
 * Captain Fingers (Epic, 1977)
 * The Captain's Journey (Elektra, 1978)
 * Lee Ritenour & His Gentle Thoughts (JVC, 1977)
 * On the Line (Elektra Musician 1983)
 * Festival (GRP, 1988)
 * Color Rit (GRP, 1989)
 * Overtime (Eagle Eye 2004)
 * World of Brazil (GRP, 2005)

With Mike Stern
 * Odds or Evens (Atlantic, 1991)
 * Who Let the Cats Out? (Heads Up, 2006)
 * All Over the Place (Heads Up, 2012)

With Hiromi Uehara
 * Another Mind (Telarc, 2003)
 * Brain (Telarc, 2004)
 * Voice (Telarc, 2011)
 * Move (Telarc, 2012)
 * Alive (Telarc, 2014)
 * Spark (Telarc, 2016)

With Grover Washington Jr.
 * A Secret Place (Kudu, 1976)
 * In Concert (Pioneer, 1982)
 * Inside Moves (Elektra, 1984)

With others
 * Monty Alexander, Caribbean Circle (Chesky, 1992)
 * Peter Allen, Continental American (A&M, 1974)
 * Gabriela Anders, Cool Again (Evj! 2015)
 * Ashford & Simpson, Stay Free (Warner Bros., 1979)
 * Fahir Atakoglu, If (Taxim Edition Turkiye, 2005)
 * Fahir Atakoglu, Istanbul in Blue (Far & Here, 2007)
 * Anita Baker, Rhythm of Love (Atlantic, 1994)
 * Bob Baldwin, Lookin' Back (nuGroove, 2009)
 * Gato Barbieri, Passion and Fire (A&M, 1984)
 * Gato Barbieri, Que Pasa (Columbia 1997)
 * Thereza Bazar, The Big Kiss (MCA, 1985)
 * Jim Beard, Song of the Sun (CTI, 1991)
 * Bee Gees, Still Waters (Polydor, 1997)
 * George Benson, In Your Eyes (Warner Bros., 1983)
 * George Benson, 20/20 (Warner Bros., 1985)
 * Warren Bernhardt, Manhattan Update (Arista Novus 1980)
 * Warren Bernhardt, Hands On (DMP, 1987)
 * Randy Bernsen, Paradise Citizens (Zebra, 1988)
 * Rory Block, House of Hearts (Zensor, 1988)
 * Rory Block, Ain't I a Woman (Zensor, 1992)
 * Perry Botkin Jr., Ports (A&M, 1977)
 * Ralph Bowen, Movin' On (Criss Cross 1992)
 * Till Brönner, Midnight (Button 1996)
 * Peabo Bryson, Take No Prisoners (Elektra, 1985)
 * Peabo Bryson, Positive (Elektra, 1988)
 * Jimmy Buffett, Hot Water (MCA, 1988)
 * Dina Carroll, So Close (A&M, 1993)
 * Dennis Chambers, Getting Even (Glass House 1992)
 * Dennis Chambers, Planet Earth (BHM, 2005)
 * Sandeep Chowta, Matters of the Heart (Sony, 2013)
 * John Clark, Il Suono (CMP, 1993)
 * Norman Connors, Slew Foot (Buddah, 1974)
 * Norman Connors, You Are My Starship (Buddah, 1976)
 * Chick Corea, The Leprechaun (Polydor, 1976)
 * Hank Crawford, Hank Crawford's Back (Kudu, 1976)
 * Randy Crawford, Everything Must Change (Warner Bros., 1976)
 * Randy Crawford, Abstract Emotions (Warner Bros., 1986)
 * Lou Courtney, Buffalo Smoke (RCA Victor, 1976)
 * Eddie Daniels, Morning Thunder (Columbia, 1980)
 * Michael Davis, Midnight Crossing (Lipstick, 1994)
 * Rainy Davis, Sweetheart (Columbia, 1987)
 * Eumir Deodato, Very Together (MCA, 1976)
 * Devonsquare, Bye Bye Route 66 (Atlantic, 1991)
 * Paul Dresher & Ned Rothenberg, Opposites Attract (CounterCurrents 1991)
 * Gene Dunlap, Party in Me (Capitol/EMI 1981)
 * Eliane Elias, A Long Story (Manhattan, 1991)
 * Pee Wee Ellis, Home in the Country (Savoy, 1977)
 * Jon Faddis, Good and Plenty (Buddah, 1979)
 * Donald Fagen, The Nightfly (Warner Bros., 1982)
 * Joe Farrell, La Catedral y el Toro (Warner Bros., 1977)
 * Rachelle Ferrell, Rachelle Ferrell (Capitol, 1992)
 * Barry Finnerty, Lights On Broadway (Morning, 1985)
 * Barry Finnerty, Space Age Blues (Hot Wire, 1998)
 * Sonny Fortune, Infinity Is (Atlantic, 1978)
 * Hiroshi Fukumura, Hot Shot (Morning, 1985)
 * Four Tops, Magic (Motown, 1985)
 * Henry Gaffney, Waiting for a Wind (RCA 1976)
 * Henry Gaffney, On Again Off Again (Manhattan, 1978)
 * Carlos Garnett, Journey to Enlightenment (Muse, 1974)
 * Carlos Garnett, Let This Melody Ring On (Muse, 1975)
 * Stephane Grappelli, Uptown Dance (Columbia, 1978)
 * Urbie Green, The Fox (CTI, 1977)
 * Michael Gregory, Situation X (Island, 1983)
 * Dave Grusin, One of a Kind (Polydor, 1977)
 * Kit Hain, School for Spies (Mercury, 1983)
 * Delores Hall, Delores Hall (Capitol/EMI 1979)
 * Lionel Hampton, Hamp's Blues (Denon 1986)
 * Lionel Hampton, Mostly Blues (Musicmasters 1989)
 * Gene Harris, Tone Tantrum (Blue Note, 2001)
 * Takehiro Honda, It's Great Outside (Flying Disk, 1978)
 * Lena Horne, Lena Horne: the Lady and Her Music (Qwest, 1981)
 * Miki Howard, Love Confessions (Atlantic, 1987)
 * Bobbi Humphrey, Freestyle (Epic, 1978)
 * Phyllis Hyman, Phyllis Hyman (Buddah, 1977)
 * Masaru Imada, Tropical Sunset (Trio, 1981)
 * Masaru Imada, Blue Marine (Trio, 1982)
 * Freddie Jackson, Do Me Again (Capitol, 1990)
 * Joe Jackson, Will Power (A&M, 1987)
 * Rebbie Jackson, Reaction (CBS, 1986)
 * Al Jarreau, L Is for Lover (Warner Bros., 1986)
 * Quincy Jones, Sounds...and Stuff Like That!! (A&M, 1978)
 * Junior, Acquired Taste (London 1985)
 * Ryo Kawasaki, Mirror of My Mind (Satellites, 1997)
 * Earl Klugh, Finger Paintings (Blue Note, 1977)
 * Earl Klugh, Ballads (Manhattan, 1993)
 * Kahoru Kohiruimaki, Distance (TDK, 1990)
 * Wayne Krantz, Signals (Enja, 1990)
 * Bireli Lagrene, My Favorite Django (Dreyfus, 1995)
 * Yusef Lateef, The Doctor Is in ...and Out (Atlantic, 1976)
 * Webster Lewis, On the Town (Epic, 1976)
 * Dave Liebman, Back On the Corner (Tone Center, 2006)
 * Reggie Lucas, Survival Themes (East Wind 1976)
 * Ralph MacDonald, Port Pleasure (Videoarts, 1998)
 * Teo Macero, Impressions of Virus (Columbia, 1980)
 * Madonna, Madonna (Sire, 1983)
 * Teena Marie, Robbery (Epic, 1983)
 * Sleepy Matsumoto, Papillon (Compose, 1992)
 * Maureen McGovern, Baby I'm Yours (BMG, 1992)
 * Sergio Mendes, Sergio Mendes and the New Brasil '77 (Elektra, 1977)
 * Pat Metheny, Secret Story (Geffen, 1992)
 * Bette Midler, Thighs and Whispers (Atlantic, 1979)
 * Barry Miles, Sky Train (RCA Victor, 1977)
 * Russell Morris, Turn It On (Wizard, 1976)
 * Gerry Mulligan, Little Big Horn (GRP, 1983)
 * Milton Nascimento, Angelus (Warner Bros., 1993)
 * Milton Nascimento, Nascimento (Warner Bros., 1997)
 * David "Fathead" Newman, Mr. Fathead (Warner Bros., 1976)
 * Maxine Nightingale, Night Life (United Artists, 1977)
 * Claude Nougaro, L'amour Sorcier (Mercury/Universal, 2014)
 * The O'Jays, Ship Ahoy (Philadelphia International, 1973)
 * Jeffrey Osborne, Only Human (Arista, 1990)
 * Billy Paul, 360 Degrees of Billy Paul (Philadelphia International, 1972)
 * Billy Paul, War of the Gods (Philadelphia International, 1973)
 * Phil Perry, Pure Pleasure (MCA GRP, 1994)
 * Peter, Paul & Mary, No Easy Walk to Freedom (Mercury, 1986)
 * Esther Phillips, Capricorn Princess (Kudu, 1976)
 * Simon Phillips, Another Lifetime (Lipstick, 1997)
 * Noel Pointer, Hold On (United Artists, 1978)
 * Jesse Rae, The Thistle (Luzuli Music 2014)
 * Ernest Ranglin, Gotcha! (Telarc, 2001)
 * Lou Rawls, Shades of Blue (Philadelphia International, 1980)
 * Jess Roden, The Player Not the Game (Island, 1977)
 * Diana Ross, The Boss (Motown, 1979)
 * Ray Russell, Goodbye Svengali (Cuneiform, 2006)
 * Salt & Sugar, -Concerts- (Fun House, 1996)
 * Sam & Dave, Soul Study Volume 1 (51 West 1982)
 * David Sanborn, A Change of Heart (Warner Bros., 1987)
 * David Sanborn, Heart to Heart (Warner Bros., 1990)
 * Arturo Sandoval, Flight to Freedom (GRP, 1991)
 * Alejandro Sanz, No Es Lo Mismo (WEA, 2006)
 * Lalo Schifrin, Black Widow (CTI, 1976)
 * Lalo Schifrin, Towering Toccata (CTI, 1977)
 * Helen Schneider, Let It Be Now (Windsong, 1978)
 * John Scofield, Who's Who? (Arista Novus 1979)
 * John Sebastian, Tar Beach (Shanachie, 1992)
 * Doc Severinsen, Brand New Thing (Epic, 1977)
 * Carly Simon, Torch (Warner Bros., 1981)
 * Edward Simon, Beauty Within (AudioQuest, 1994)
 * Paul Simon, One-Trick Pony (Warner Bros., 1980)
 * Paul Simon, Hearts and Bones (Warner Bros., 1983)
 * Simon & Garfunkel, The Concert in Central Park (Warner Bros., 1982)
 * Kathy Sledge, Heart (Epic, 1992)
 * Lonnie Liston Smith, Silhouettes (Doctor Jazz, 1984)
 * Steve Smith, Steve Smith and Buddy's Buddies Featuring Buddy Rich Alumni (Tone Center, 1999)
 * Phoebe Snow, Something Real (Elektra, 1989)
 * Bert Sommer, Bert Sommer (Capitol, 1977)
 * David Spinozza, Spinozza (A&M, 1978)
 * David Spinozza, Superstar (A&M, 1978)
 * Steely Dan, Gaucho (MCA, 1980)
 * Jeremy Steig, Temple of Birth (Columbia, 1975)
 * Charles Sullivan, Genesis (Strata-East, 1974)
 * Ximo Tebar, Eclipse (Sunnyside, 2006)
 * Nino Tempo, Tenor Saxophone (Atlantic, 1990)
 * John Tropea, NY Cats Direct (DMP, 1986)
 * John Tropea, Tropea 10: The Time Is Right (Videoarts, 2007)
 * Michal Urbaniak, Fusion III (CBS, 1975)
 * Michal Urbaniak, Ecstasy (Marlin, 1978)
 * Dave Valentin, Legends (Arista GRP, 1978)
 * Luther Vandross, Never Too Much (Epic, 1981)
 * Harold Vick, After the Dance (Wolf, 1977)
 * Roch Voisine, Coup de tête (Les Disques Star Records, 1994)
 * Martha Wash, Martha Wash (RCA 1992)
 * Kazumi Watanabe, Mermaid Boulevard (Alfa, 1978)
 * Sadao Watanabe, Autumn Blow (Flying Disk, 1977)
 * Sadao Watanabe, How's Everything (Columbia, 1980)
 * Frank Weber, As the Time Flies (RCA Victor, 1978)
 * Dave Weckl, Master Plan (GRP, 1990)
 * Dave Weckl, Hard-Wired (GRP, 1994)
 * James D-Train Williams, Miracles of the Heart (Sony, 2011)
 * Vanessa Williams, The Sweetest Days (Mercury, 1994)
 * Nancy Wilson, Nancy Now! (Columbia, 1988)
 * Bernie Worrell/Jesse Rae, Worae (Luzuli Music 2017)
 * Akiko Yano, Welcome Back (Midi, 1989)
 * Akiko Yano, Love Life (Nonesuch, 1993)

title: Anthony Jackson (musician)


text:
Talk:Graham Parker

RS all-time albums
I recall that in addition to Squeezing Out Sparks, Howlin Wind and Heat Treatment were on the 1987 version of Rolling Stone's list. Is there somewhere to find this list and note it? (I don't see why the newer version is more authoritative. The Sex Pistols were #2 in 1987.)

P.S. I like the additions to the page!

--Ccoll 03:37, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Your memory is pretty good. Reference to 1987 list with cite has been added.   Wasted Time R 13:57, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Great! I think the post-Rumour years might now need fleshing out to balance the additions. --Ccoll 04:19, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

"At this point, Parker began to develop his songwriting toward a more serious approach, which also reflected his desire to break into the American market."
Is there any evidence for this, or does anyone else agree? I find it an intriguing interpretation but have never read anything along these lines. Why would "serious" songs suit the US market? Also, Stick to Me has some outright silly songs.Ccoll 07:07, 28 February 2006 (UTC)

Well, this line came from me. Perhaps it's not very well expressed. There's no doubt that Parker was always keen to break into the US market ("Mercury Poisoning" is pretty clear on what he thought of the record label who - in his opinion - didn't give him the US exposure he wanted). I do think that Stick to Me represents a change in his style - there are fewer songs about shagging chambermaids/gypsies and rock-n-roll lifestyle, and the inclusion of Heat in Harlem is very different from anything previously attempted, but I can't recall clearly that Parker actually said at the time that he was consciously writing different material. I do recall that he said - after all the criticism - that Stick to Me would be recognised as a great album in future years, much like the Stones "Exile on Main Street", but once again, I don't have the relevant copies of NME or Sounds to verify this memory - I knew I should have kept them! If you think this sentence should be removed, then feel free.--Dogbertd 10:22, 28 February 2006 (UTC)

 * No, I think it's plausible, though wanting to break into the US market seems to go without saying. I could go either way on whether Stick... is more serious. What I really don't get is why one would think Americans could be expected to prefer more serious songs. I live there! (though I was in kindergarten when that album came out.) Anyway, I'd like to leave it in to see what others think.Ccoll 06:34, 2 March 2006 (UTC)
 * OK, let's see what others think. I have to admit to bias, since STM is my favourite Parker + Rumour album. I didn't realise until recently that they'd had to re-record the whole damn thing. Nice pics, BTW.--Dogbertd 10:54, 2 March 2006 (UTC)
 * I changed it to make it more neutral - he changed his style - wiothout suggesting what that change actually was.--Dogbertd 08:44, 3 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Created a page for Stick To Me.Ccoll 18:15, 5 March 2006 (UTC)

1982 interview
This Musician interview done at an interesting juncture in GP's career is very useful. Dogbertd, maybe this is where you read about "the shift in approach" on Stick to Me. Ccoll 19:15, 12 March 2006 (UTC)

Is his birthday November 15 or 18?
Entries in narrative (November 18, 1950) and right box (November 15) are inconsistent. Jds13 (talk) 18:40, 28 June 2009 (UTC) AllMusic has his birthday as 15 November http://www.allmusic.com/artist/graham-parker-p5103Turtlens (talk) 06:33, 17 November 2011 (UTC)

POV Template
See this comment about the matter. Fmph (talk) 14:40, 28 November 2009 (UTC)

not taken seriously in the UK
There was a documentary about him that showed on the BBC last night. It said that GP&TR didn't fit in with pub rock, and as punk happened the younger writers on the NME ignored him. I was in my late teens at that time and always thought Parker was American because he sang in this real cod-American accent (much more pronounced than most UK singers had), at precisely the time when punks in the UK were rejecting the cod-American voices that everyone in the UK sang in up to that point, and singing in their own accent. So Parker stood out as 'old fashioned' because he was singing in this fake accent, rather than being real, which was what punk was all about. Plus, the fact he laid the accent on so thick and threw in references to Americanisms and used American words made it clear he was pandering to the US market. So no wonder UK punks thought he was crap and rejected him. This wasn't properly discussed in the documentary: they sort of suggested he was overlooked because of ageism. Can we put this in the article? (Same thing happened to Billy Idol, by the way. He was always a laughing stock here and his cod-American act was a joke. No wonder both Parker and Idol ended up living in America.)86.133.54.195 (talk) 20:58, 16 March 2013 (UTC)

 * That might possibly be considered 'Point of View' material. JF42 (talk) 13:21, 18 March 2013 (UTC)

"Early career (1960s–1976)"

This section is a mess, particularly from late 1974 on. Did somebody start editing and get bored, or did they simply not read the material they were repeating? — Preceding unsigned comment added by JF42 (talk • contribs) 13:23, 18 March 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
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grahamparker.com
I've deleted the link to grahamparker.com. This is a confection of some outfit calling itself Celebrity-Websites.com, which invites you to "Connect With Hundreds Of Top Celebrities". (It's big on capital letters.) It says little about Parker, but does say:

 * Your Original Biography Of This Celebrity May Be Published Here

 * Biography must be an orginal [sic] composition beween 1200 and 1500 words containing a factual chronology of dates, events, influences, challenges and achievements. It should be an honest and unbiased critical evaluation of the life and work of this celebrity. Their contribution to society and the environment should also be discussed.

Do I need to elaborate? -- Hoary (talk) 00:53, 7 June 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Graham Parker