text:
Balangir district

Balangir District, also called Bolangir District, is a district situated in Odisha state of India. The district has an area of 6,575 km2, and a population of 1,648,997 (2011 census). The town of Balangir is the district headquarters. The composition of the land is predominantly rural. Other important big & small towns in Balangir district are Titlagarh, Patnagarh, Kantabanji, Loisingha, Saintala, Belpada, Tushra, Agalpur, Deogaon, Chudapali, Biripali, Bhalumunda, Bangomunda, Sindhekela,Kansil, Turekela and Muribahal.

History
The district of Balangir is named after the headquarters towns of Balangir. This town was also the headquarters of the feudatory state of Patna since the 1880s. The district of Balangir is flanked in the northwest by the Gandhamardhan hills. Many hill streams traverse it. It is the land of Tantrik culture. It is also notable for having experimented in the republican form of Government that was overthrown by Ramai Deo.

Ancient history
Historically It's a region of Kalinga, which is ruled by various dynasties like Mahameghavahana dynasty, Bhauma-Kara dynasty, Somavamshi dynasty, Kalachuri Dynasty (during this time its become a part of Dakshina Kosala for short period),Eastern Ganga dynasty, Gajapati Empire & Chauhan over centuries. The territory comprising the present district of Balangir was in ancient times a part of the South Kosala. According to tradition, the origin of South Kosala dates back to the time of Rama and scholars like Pargiter believe that Rama's long stay in that region gave rise to the name of South Kosala after his original homeland Kosala. According to Padmapurana, the kingdom of Kosala, after Rama, was divided between Lava and Kusa, his two son. Later Kusa founded the city of Kusasthalipura and ruled over the southern half of Kosala (that included modern day Western Odisha and Chhattisgarh State).

During the time of Grammarian Panini (5th Century B.C), a territory named Taitila Janapada flourished to the west of Kalinga and that territory has been associated by historians with the modern town of Titlagarh in Balangir district. Taitala Janapada was famous for trade in some commodities described by the Grammarian as "Kadru" the meaning of which may be either horse or cotton fabrics.

According to Chetiya Jataka, the capital of the Chedi country was Sothivatinagara which is the same as Suktimatipuri of Harivamsa and Suktisahvaya of the Mahabharata (Vana Parva). The epic (Adi Parva) also states that the capital of the Chedis was situated on the bank of river Suktimati which is the Sukhtel river of Balangir district

Thus the ancestors of King of Kalinga Kharavela were from the Balangir district as they were ruling over the territory drained by the Sukhtel river in Balangir, wherefrom they advanced towards the east and became the master of Kalinga by the first century B.C. In the Hathigumpha inscription, Kharavela refers to one Rajashri Vasu as his ancestor, who is probably the same as Vasu, the son of Abhichandra, the founder of Chedi Kingdom. This Vasu may also be identified with Uparichara Vasu of the Mahabharata (Adi Parva) where hs is described as the King of the Chedis who were ruling in the modern district of Balangir and Subarnapur.

Balangir region continued to be under the rule of Chedis during the first century AD but in the second century it came under the possession of the Satavahanas, whose king was Gautamiputra Satakarni. He is said to have built a magnificent vihara for his philosopher friend Nagarjuna on the Po Lo Mo Lo Ki Li or Parimalagir identified with the modern Gandharmardan hills.

Early history
The earliest noted history of Balangir district dates back to the third century BC. According to Bhagavati Sutra and Harivamsha Purana, Mahavir started his earliest preaching of Dharma at Nalanda, Rajgriha, Paniya Bhumi and Siddharthagrama. According to some scholars, (D. C. Sircar) Punita Bhumi is a synonym of Paniya Bhumi as per Odra-Magadhi language. It is the same as Paniya Bhumi or Nagoloka, the present Nagpur, and it is further identified as Bhogapura, the modern Bastar, region of Chhattisgarh, Koraput, Kalahandi and Balangir district of Odisha.

In some of the inscriptions found in Balangir and Sonepur district, it has been mentioned that this part of the land was known as Attavika during Ashoka's invasion of Kalinga in 261 B.C.

The Chinese pilgrim Xuanzang visited Po Lo Mo Lo Ki Li monastery at modern Paikmal in the seventh century AD. It was then having cloisters and lofty halls and those halls were arranged in five tiers each with four courts with temples containing life-size gold images of Buddha

Utkal University Archaeology Prof. Dr. Sadasiva Pradhan excavated the Gumagad site under Gudvela block near the Tel river valley in Balangir district, where he found that a strategic military hub existed in the first century BC. It was set up by a king contemporary to king Kharavela. Four copper plates were also found at Terssingha village which speaks of the Tel valley civilisation. Those plates had information regarding the two capitals – Udayapur and Parbatadwaraka – which were under the rule of Rashtrakutas and local chieftains belonging to different clans. The Udayapur area, the capital of Rashtrakuta kings, who ruled in the valley, still does have standing structures and also the ruins. These are mostly found at Amathgad. Ruins of a medieval fort is also found there.

According to eminent historian and epigraphist Sadananda Agrawal, copper plates were recently found in Kapsila village near Balangir. The found materials were three copper plates tied together by a circular ring and issued by a king named Khadgasimha. It has been dated to the eighth century AD and it informs about new rulers and history of the Tel valley civilization.

Rulers of Ancient Balangir
The chronology of various dynasty who ruled Balangir over the time.
 * The Panduvamsis
 * The Bhanjas
 * The Somavamsis
 * The Chodas
 * The Kalachuris
 * The Gangas
 * The Chouhans

Center of Tantrik Vidya
Ranipur-Jharial in Balangir district is another place of historical importance. According to historians this area was known for its Tantra-Vidya throughout India. Somavanshi kings had built many temples here that can be dated back to the eighth-ninth centuries AD. It is said that there were at least 200 temples covering an area of about half a mile in length and a quarter of a mile in width. The largest stone temple is Someswar Siva, which was constructed by a Mattamayura Shaivacharya Gagana Siva whose inscription can be found on the lintel of the temple.

Ranipur-Jharial houses one among the five existing rare monuments of Hypaethral temples (temples without roofs) dedicated to 64 yoginis in India. The other three are at Hirapur near Bhubaneswar, Khajurao & Bheraghat near Jabalpur, and Dudhai near Lalitpur. The images at Ranipur-Jharial are made of sandstone. The temple of 64 yoginis of Ranipur-Jharial is famous not only for its architecture, but also for its religious significance. Three-faced Natraj Shiva idol stands at the centre of the temple encircled by 64 sculptures of the Yogini goddesses in various positions. Unfortunately with the curse of time, and also due to lack of care only 48 Yoginis are left by now.

Chouhan Rule
Ramai Deo founded the kingdom of Patna in 1360 AD, and within a short span of its aggressive career become the head of the cluster of eighteen Garhs. The Patna kingdom stretched from Raigarh in Chhattisgarh to Bamra in Sundergarh District. Balaram Deo, the 19th Raja of Patna, founded a town called Balramgarh and shifted the capital of Patna state from Patnagarh to Balramgarh in the early 16th century. Subsequently, the town was renamed as Balangir from Balramgarh. After around 8 years of rule in Patna state, he was awarded the land from river Ang until the boundary of Bamra kingdom by his mother. Subsequently, he founded a kingdom named Sambalpur, which went on to become a strong kingdom. List of Chouhan rulers of the Patna state
 * Raja Ramai Deo (1360-1385 AD)
 * Raja Mahaling Singh Deo (1385-1390 AD)
 * Raja Vatsaraja Deo (1390-1410 AD)
 * Raja Vaijal Deo I (1410-1430 AD)
 * Raja Bhojaraj Deo (1430-1455 AD)
 * Raja Pratap Rudra Deo I (1455-1480 AD)
 * Raja Bhupal Deo I (1480-1500 AD)
 * Raja Vikramaditya Deo I (1500-1520 AD)
 * Raja Vaijal Deo II (1520-1540 AD)
 * Raja Bajra Hiradhara Deo (1540-1570 AD) (Had two sons, Narsingh Deo and Balaram Deo, who later founded the Sambalpur Kingdom)
 * Raja Narsingh Deo (1570-1577 AD)
 * Raja Hamir Deo (1577-1581 AD)
 * Raja Pratap Deo II (1581-1587 & 1600-1620 AD) (Between 1587 and 1600, it was looked after by Hrudaya Narayan Deo, son of Sambalpur Raja Balram Deo)
 * Raja Vikramaditya Deo II (1620-1640 AD) (His younger brother Gopal Rai was made the Raja of Khariar)
 * Raja Mukunda Deo (1640-1670 AD)
 * Raja Balaram Deo (1670-1678 AD)
 * Raja Hrudesha Deo (1678-1685 AD)
 * Raja Rai Singh Deo (1685-1762 AD)
 * Raja Chandra Sekhara Deo
 * Raja Pruthuviraj Deo (1762-1765 AD)
 * Raja Ramachandra Deo I (1765 - 1820 AD)
 * Raja Bhupal Deo (1820-1848 AD) (His brother Maharaj Yuvraj Singh Deowas granted the estate of Jarasingha in 1765)
 * Maharaja Hiravajra Singh Deo (1848-1866 AD)
 * Maharaja Sur Pratap Singh Deo (1866-1878 AD)
 * Maharaja Ramchandra Singh Deo II (1878-1895 AD)
 * Maharaja Dalaganjan Singh Deo (1895-1910 AD)
 * Maharaja Prithviraj Singh Deo (1910-1924 AD)
 * Maharaja Sir Rajendra Narayan Singh Deo (1924-1975 AD)
 * Maharaja Raj Raj Singh Deo
 * Maharaja Kanak Vardhan Singh Deo

The Eighteen Garhs
Below is the list of eighteen Garhs (with their old names) which were part of the old Patna State (Balangir) and Sambalpur State during the Chouhan rule. Also known as the Garhjat States.
 * Patna (Included most part of the modern Balangir district)
 * Sumbulpore (Sambalpur)
 * Sonepoor (Sonepur, Subarnapur)
 * Bamra
 * Rehracole (Rairakhol)
 * Gangpoor (Rajgangpur)
 * Boudh
 * Atmullick
 * Phooljur
 * Bunnaee (Bonai)
 * Raigarh
 * Buragarh (Bargarh)
 * Suktee
 * Chandarpur
 * Sarangarh
 * Bindanawagarh
 * Khariar
 * Borasambar (Padampur)

List of industries before independence
Though now Balangir is one of the most under-developed districts in Odisha, it was not the same before its merger with Odisha. Ex-Patna State was one of the earliest states in India to have started industries as early as the end of the 17th century.

Below is the list of industries existed during the pre-merger period.
 * Koshal Transport and Trading Co. Ltd., Balangir
 * Koshal Industrial Development Co. Ltd., Balangir
 * Balangir Trading Co. Ltd., Titlagarh
 * Patna Village Industries Association Ltd, Lathor
 * Rajendra Tile Works Ltd, Titlagarh
 * Koshal Industries Development Syndicate, Balangir
 * Patna State Graphite Mining Co., Titlagarh
 * Patna State Weaving Factory, Balangir
 * Mahavir Jain Weaving Factory, Belgaon
 * Weaving Factory, Manihira, Loisingha
 * Central Jail Weaving Factory, Balangir
 * Handmade Paper Factory, Balangir

Merger with Odisha state
The Chauhan rule ended with the merger of Patna and Sonepur into Orissa on the January 1, 1948. They together form the district of Balangir. Sonepur was carved out as a separate district on April 1, 1993. The last ruler of Patna, Rajendra Narayan Singh Deo successfully made the transition to democratic politics. He became the Chief Minister of Odisha from 1967 until 1971.

Recent developments
Currently people of this district along with the nine other districts of western Odisha are demanding for a separate state called Koshal. According to unofficial sources around 20,000 people are migrating from Balangir every year to other states in search of work. More than 90% population in this district are staying below poverty line.

There is an Ordnance Factory of the Ordnance Factories Board which manufactures products for the Indian Armed Forces.

Overall this western district of Odisha needs quick improvement to catch up with the other parts of the state and country. The government needs to take care of special responsibility towards the development like construction of roads, buildings, education to the people, developments like railway and air connectivity. For instance the nearest airport from any part of the district is Bhubaneswar, Raipur or Visakhapatnam which are minimum 7 hours journey from Balangir. Also the standard of living of the people needs to be improved by providing the minimum requirements to the people by providing jobs to them so that migration of the people from this part to other parts of the country could be avoided. At the same time, social menaces like dowry killing, and unsocial activities like theft, burglary and murder could be kept in control.

On May 13, 2010, Annual Credit Plan for the year 2010-2011 was launched with a projected plan outlay of Rs. 309.97 crores. Special programmes are envisaged to arrest the flow of labour to other states in search of work, popularly known as Dadan Shramik.

Geography
The district of Balangir is flanked in the north-west by the Gandhamardan hills, a name of the Ramayana Fame, and in the north-east by the rocky Mahanadi valley. It is traversed by many hill streams and is interspersed with the evergreen woodlands, the shelter of Bison and Sambar. The main forest area stretches along the western boundary bordering the Nuapada, Kalahandi district and then turns to the east running parallel to the Gandhamardan range. This forest track is broken by occasional clearings and small settlements, but it mostly consists of thick vegetation in which bamboo of excellent quality grows and Sal, Sahaj, Piasal, Dhaura and Ebony form the principal timber. The crest of the range of Gandhamardan hills is fine plateau, some ten miles long, with an average height of 3000 feet. For most part of this district lies on the north-west bank of river Tel, which form the boundary between his district and the district of Kalahandi, Sonepur, Boudh and Kandhamal.

Main rivers and tributaries

 * Mahanadi
 * Tel
 * Undar, Lanth, Sungadh and Sukhtel (Tributaries of the Tel)
 * Ang
 * Jira
 * Saleshing

Hill System

 * Gandhamardan (3,296 ft)
 * Butel (2,670 ft)
 * Chahdli (2,630 ft)
 * Thuta (2,056 ft)
 * Bender (1,920 ft)
 * Patpani
 * Chhatardandi
 * Matkhai (2,591)

Economy
In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Balangir one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640). It is one of the 19 districts in Odisha currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).

Administrative setup
Bolangir District has been divided into 3 Sub-Divisions and 14 Blocks. There are 285 Gram Panchayat with 1,794 Villages (Inhabited 1764, Uninhabited 30) in the District.

 * Sub Divisions: (3): Balangir, Patnagarh and Titilagarh
 * Blocks: (14): Agalpur, Balangir, Belpara, Bongamunda, Deogaon, Gudvella, Khaparakhol, Loisinga, Muribahal, Patnagarh, Puintala, Saintala, Titilagarh and Tureikela
 * Tahasils: (14): Agalpur, Balangir, Bangamunda, Belpara, Deogaon, Kantabanji, Khaprakhol, Loisinga, Moribahal, Patnagarh, Puintala, Saintala, Titilagarh and Tusura
 * Urban Bodies: (4):
 * Municipality: (2): Balangir, Titlagarh
 * NAC: (3): Kantabanjhi, Patnagarh and (TUSHRA)

Demographics
According to the 2011 census Balangir district has a population of 1,648,997, roughly equal to the nation of Guinea-Bissau or the US state of Idaho. This gives it a ranking of 302nd in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a literacy rate of 65.5%. 11.97% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 17.88% and 21.05% of the population

At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 77.98% of the population in the district spoke Odia, 20.30% Sambalpuri, and 1.07% Hindi as their first language.

The Gandas are the largest SC community, having over 2 lakhs population. The next largest is Dewar with c. 45,000, then Dhobi and Ghasi. These four castes combined are over 90% of the total Scheduled Caste population in the district.

There are around 31 scheduled tribes in the district. The Gonds are the largest tribe with 1,08,000 population. The Khonds are the second largest with 90,000. The other major tribes are Saora, Binjhwar, Dal and Shabar. These six tribes combined make up 93% of the tribal population in the district.

Culture
For details see the article Kosal.

Folk dances
The Playful child of this area composes verses of “Chhiollai”, “Humobauli” and “Dauligit”, the fleeting adolescence composes “Sajani”, “Chhata”, “Daika”, “Bhekani” : the eternal youth composes “Rasarkeli”, “Jaiphul”, “Maila Jada”, “Bayamana”, “Gunchikuta” and “Dalkhai”. The man who worship work, composes “Karma” and “Jhumer” invigorating Lord Vishwakarma and the “Karamashani” goddess. In every type of situation, in work or at rest; while ploughing, transplanting, husking, threshing, beating, driving bullock cart or boat, grazing cattle, worshipping deities and gods, performing marriages and social functions-there are songs and dances for everybody. The professional entertainers perform Dand, Danggada, Mudgada, Ghumra, Sadhana, Sabar – Sabaren, Disdigo, Nachina – Bajnia, Samparda and Sanchar. They are for all occasions, for all time with varieties of rhythm and rhyme. Most of these folk dances are accompanied by music and songs.

Festivals
Sital Sasthi: It is the Marriage Ceremony of Lord Shiva with Goddess Parvati. The festival is observed in the month of June with pomp and ceremony at Balangir and is extended for a week. Pilgrims from the neighboring districts and States of Madhya Pradesh and Bihar also participate in the festival. Lakhs of people congregate in this week long festival, mostly in the month of June every year.

Nuakhai: This is the most important social festival of Balangir as well as of whole western Odisha. Generally it takes place during the month of August and September. Preliminary preparation of the festival starts 15 days before the occasion. The first grains of the paddy crop, cooked into various dishes are offered to the deities. There after the eldest member of the family distributes new rice to the junior members of the family. All the household articles are cleaned. People greet each other. It is a community festival celebrated by every Hindu family low and high. Moreover, Nuakhai is the mass festival of the entire west of Odisha (Pasayat 2008: 253–262).during this festival all the member of family they come to home & celebrate the festival of Nuakhai together.

Bhaijuntia: It is mostly known only in the region of western Odisha. Bhaijiutia festival is celebrated on the Mahastami Day of Durga Puja. It is a total fasting undertaken by women for the whole day and night to seek Goddess Durga's blessing for the long life of their bhais (brothers).

Puajiuntia: It is another fasting Puja of similar austerity for women of the area. The Puajiuntia festival is observed by mothers to invoke the grace of Lord Dutibahana for the long life and prosperity of their sons.

Besides the above listed festivals, other religious festivals are observed. These include Shiva Ratri, Dola Jatra, Durga Puja, Janmastami, Dipavali, Ganesh Puja and Saraswati Puja.

Shiva Ratri Mela at Huma and Titilagarh attracts a large numbers of devotees. Ratha Jatra is held at almost all central places of Balangir. There are other jatras like the Sulia Jatra and Patakhanda Jatra in Jarasingha etc. are held with great flavour.

Shrabana Purnima - During this time devotees of Lord Shiva travel long distance by walk to places like Harishankar, Belkhandi near Titilagarh to pray and offer the holy water to the god. People from other parts outside state like Bihar, Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh also takes part in such event.

The most popular festivals celebrated by Muslims are Id-Ul-Fitre, Id-Ul-Juha and Muharram. The Sikhs also celebrate the Birth Day of Guru Nanak.

Education
During medieval period some Brahmin settlements developed under the patronage of the Somavamsi Kings. Important among these centres are Vineetapura (Modern Binka), Suvarnapura (Modern Sonepur), Royara (Modern Rohila), Ranipur, Jharial etc. These places as known from copper plate records and other archeological finds, were important center of culture during the medieval period. During the rule of the Chauhan Kings, Sanskrit education was greatly encouraged. King Vaijal Deo, one of the early Chauhan rulers of Patna state has compiled an admirable lexicon, known as Vaijal Chandrika ( also known as Prabodh Chandrika)

The spread of education was not very remarkable in Balangir district during the 18th and 19th century. Wandering teachers called Abadhanas were holding primary classes in towns and villages where they were teaching only reading, writing and arithmetic. The village Pathsalas were maintained by villagers where the Abadhanas were being engaged for teaching. Western education came to the district towards the end of the 19th century AD. It was in 1894 that an English School was started in Balangir Town by the then Maharaja Ramachandra and English education was introduced.

During India's independence Balangir district had 39 High Schools for boys and 4 for girls and 119 Middle English Schools including 11 for girls. The total number of boys and girls in Secondary schools was 11,906 and 1,550 respectively.

Bhima Bhoi Medical College Balangir
Government Medical College established in the year 2008

Member of Parliament

 * Mrs. Sangeeta Kumari Singh Deo (Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP))

Vidhan sabha constituencies
The following is the 5 Vidhan sabha constituencies of Balangir district and the elected members of that area

title: Balangir district


text: User talk:212.31.225.196

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:212.31.225.196


text:
Talk:Zero Day (2003 film)

Official Website
What is the url of the website? and is it still online? and if not, what were the contents of the site? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.116.212.104 (talk) 13:46, 29 March 2010 (UTC)
 * Sorry, this isn't a reference desk. Can't help you. Wildhartlivie (talk) 21:50, 29 March 2010 (UTC)

Deletion
I would actually vote for deletion, but reckoned that I had too little knowledge about movies to claim that this was insignificant. So.

And how on earth does one post on a Talk page? It's hardly intuitive. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Dnwq (talk • contribs)
 * You have just posted on a talk page. Movies/films with IMDb (Internet Movie Database) numbers are normally notable enough for inclusion in the wiki. Alf 15:18, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

Well, the movie is notable because it portrays school shooters from their perspective. It is notable because few movies look into the topic of school shootings like this one does. Not to mention the fact that Hollywood are afraid to acknowledge Columbine and school violence, and therefore never make movies about it. Perhaps it is because these school shooting very rarely, if ever, have the cliched happy-ending that the mainstream seems to always want. —Preceding unsigned comment added by REN (talk • contribs)

Heya I am aware of the laws I break here but I live in Australia and therefore have little to no access to this movie, so therefore I ask: Is there anywhere I can download it of the internet? —Preceding unsigned comment added by REN (talk • contribs)

 * Hi, you know even here in America this movie is hard to find... You should still try to see it, it's excellent.

 * You know, you can actually still order this DVD at Borders via special order, or online via Amazon, so let's not post links to illegal copies. I own a legit copy myself and it was worth every penny. Coolgamer (talk) 04:14, 13 April 2009 (UTC)

 * I just watched it on YouTube. Mari Adkins 02:24, 10 August 2016 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by MariAdkins (talk • contribs)

People buy into that Security Leak?
To pass it off as leaked security is total BS, but people actual fall for it even though the camera's date says 2001 and columbine happened in 1999.

Thats to inform people that this is a movie, and Just a movie. Although it parodies the events of columbine, It wasent trying to show any real life person being shot at in columbine.

length of the shooting
in the 'goofs' section it says that they were in the car at 8:30 and inside the school at 10:00 and it was a goof, and the article also says that the shooting was just 16 minutes long (10:00 - 10:16).

well, i really thought that just last 16 minutes were caught on tape, but the shooting had had been running through the time elapsed since they left the car, and that's why we see no bombs or anything at the recorded footage, they've already used, so the massacre ran rom 8:30 to 10:16.

doesn't it make sense?

 * Actually, if you read the archive of the website that was made for the film, with fake blueprints and court documents, there is a section that school cameras didn't film where the two shot a school security guard and tossed pipe bombs into hallways, accounting for the time gap before they entered the main lobby. Coolgamer (talk) 04:14, 13 April 2009 (UTC)

Theatrical Release
Was this movie released theatrically, or was it straight-to-DVD? Just curious, but an answer would be appreciated. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.189.162.43 (talk) 05:12, 6 September 2009 (UTC)
 * It had a limited release in New York City, Finland and Australia, and showed at film festivals, including the Deauville Film Festival (France), the International Film Festival Rotterdam and the Buenos Aires International Festival of Independent Cinema. It was a 2003 film that didn't go to video release until 2005. Wildhartlivie (talk) 06:03, 6 September 2009 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on Zero Day (film). Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20100205111318/http://newenglandfilm.com/news/archives/02september/zeroday.htm to http://www.newenglandfilm.com/news/archives/02september/zeroday.htm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 11:30, 21 July 2016 (UTC)

Release year?
IMDB claims this movie came out in 2002, but wikipedia states 2003. 79.231.43.8 (talk) 23:38, 16 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Zero Day (2003 film)


text:
Isoindene

Isoindene is a flammable polycyclic hydrocarbon with chemical formula C9H8. It is composed of a cyclohexadiene ring fused with a cyclopentadiene ring.

title: Isoindene


text:
User talk:Hopkirk

Welcome to Wikipedia!
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia!

Here are some tips:
 * Take a look at the Simplified Ruleset.
 * Read the Tutorial, How to edit a page and the Manual of Style.
 * Find out how to revert, move and merge pages.
 * Sign your posts on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~).
 * Add yourself to the New user log and a regional notice board
 * Ask questions at the Village pump or Help desk.
 * Use the Show preview button
 * Provide an Edit summary
 * Add the correct image copyright tag to any images you upload
 * Take a look at Consensus of standards
 * Create a User page
 * Be bold
 * Ignore all rules

If you feel a change is needed, feel free to make it yourself! Wikipedia is a wiki, so anyone (yourself included) can edit any article by following the  link. Wikipedia convention is to be bold and not be afraid of making mistakes. If you're not sure how editing works, have a look at How to edit a page, or try out the Sandbox to test your editing skills.

If, for some reason, you are unable to fix a problem yourself, feel free to ask someone else to do it. Wikipedia has a vibrant community of contributors who have a wide range of skills and specialties, and many of them would be glad to help. As well as the wiki community pages there are IRC Channels, where you are more than welcome to ask for assistance.

If you have any questions, feel free to ask me on my talk page. Thanks and happy editing, Alf 15:06, 28 August 2005 (UTC).

Unreferenced BLPs
Hello Hopkirk! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot alerting you that 1 of the articles that you created  is tagged as an Unreferenced Biography of a Living Person. The biographies of living persons policy requires that all personal or potentially controversial information be sourced. In addition, to insure verifiability, all biographies should be based on reliable sources. if you were to bring this article up to standards, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the article is adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the article:

Thanks!--DASHBot (talk) 20:42, 8 January 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) Tim Child -

title: User talk:Hopkirk


text:
User talk:Dnwq

Welcome to Wikipedia!
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia!

Here are some tips:
 * Take a look at the Simplified Ruleset.
 * Read the Tutorial, How to edit a page and the Manual of Style.
 * Find out how to revert, move and merge pages.
 * Sign your posts on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~).
 * Add yourself to the New user log and a regional notice board
 * Ask questions at the Village pump or Help desk.
 * Use the Show preview button
 * Provide an Edit summary
 * Add the correct image copyright tag to any images you upload
 * Take a look at Consensus of standards
 * Create a User page
 * Be bold
 * Ignore all rules

If you feel a change is needed, feel free to make it yourself! Wikipedia is a wiki, so anyone (yourself included) can edit any article by following the  link. Wikipedia convention is to be bold and not be afraid of making mistakes. If you're not sure how editing works, have a look at How to edit a page, or try out the Sandbox to test your editing skills.

If, for some reason, you are unable to fix a problem yourself, feel free to ask someone else to do it. Wikipedia has a vibrant community of contributors who have a wide range of skills and specialties, and many of them would be glad to help. As well as the wiki community pages there are IRC Channels, where you are more than welcome to ask for assistance.

If you have any questions, feel free to ask me on my talk page. Thanks and happy editing, Alf 15:07, 28 August 2005 (UTC).

title: User talk:Dnwq


text:
Cyclohexatriene

Cyclohexatriene may refer to:

 * 1,3,5-Cyclohexatriene and 2,4,6-cyclohexatriene, theoretical resonance isomers of benzene
 * 1,2,3-Cyclohexatriene

title: Cyclohexatriene


text: Category talk:Canals in Indiana

title: Category talk:Canals in Indiana


text:
Half a Life (Star Trek: The Next Generation)

"Half a Life" is the 22nd episode of the fourth season of the American science fiction television series Star Trek: The Next Generation, the 96th episode overall. It was originally released on May 6, 1991, in broadcast syndication. The episode was the first of the series written by Peter Allan Fields, who later joined the writing staff. Director Les Landau said that "Half a Life" was a morality play about "how society deals with the elderly".

Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the Starfleet crew of the Federation starship Enterprise-D. In this episode, Lwaxana Troi (Majel Barrett) falls in love with Timicin (David Ogden Stiers), a Kaelon scientist who is attempting to test his theories of stellar ignition in the hopes of saving his world's dying star. The experiment fails, and Lwaxana encourages Timicin to continue his research, but as he is about to turn sixty years of age, he prepares instead for a ritual suicide. According to Timicin's cultural tradition, his people voluntarily choose euthanasia to prevent the aged from becoming a burden to the younger generation.

The cast praised the story and the expansion of the Lwaxana character. The episode received positive reviews, with critics noting the performances of Stiers and Barrett, their character's love story, and the changes to the Lwaxana character.

The episode features the first appearance of Michelle Forbes in the Star Trek franchise; she would later appear as Ensign Ro Laren during season five.

Plot
The U.S.S. Enterprise takes aboard Deanna Troi's (Marina Sirtis) eccentric mother Lwaxana (Majel Barrett) and Dr. Timicin (David Ogden Stiers) of Kaelon II. Timicin is brought aboard to conduct an experiment which he hopes will save his threatened home planet, as its sun is in a state of near-collapse.

The Federation enlists the Enterprise to take Timicin to a sun in a similar state of decay to conduct experiments which may yield a method for saving the Kaelon system from destruction.

Upon arrival at their destination, the crew assists Timicin in modifying photon torpedoes to launch into the proxy sun, with the expectation that they will repair the damaged star and prove that the technique can be safely applied to the Kaelon sun. The torpedoes are fired and, although the experiment seems initially to work, the effect is short-lived and the star explodes. The Enterprise returns to Kaelon II.

Timicin is crushed, and after some questioning by Lwaxana, he reveals that there are other things troubling him. Timicin tells Lwaxana that he is about to turn 60, and on Kaelon II, everyone who reaches that age performs the "Resolution", a required act of voluntary euthanasia. Lwaxana is outraged to learn of this and brings it to the attention of Captain Jean-Luc Picard (Patrick Stewart).

Picard makes it clear to Lwaxana that due to the Prime Directive, he will not interfere in the planet's local affairs. Lwaxana tries to beam herself down to the planet to halt the process herself but she is thwarted by Deanna, who comforts her.

After Lwaxana and Timicin spend an evening together, he tries to explain the custom of the Resolution. He tells her that a fixed age had to be selected by the Kaelons because just randomly choosing a time to die would be heartless. Lwaxana finds the practice barbaric and refuses to accept the Kaelon tradition. She tells Timicin how a Betazed woman on her planet successfully fought the tradition of wearing ornate wigs that contained live, captive animals. It only took one courageous woman to step forward and end this cruel tradition. (It is implied that the woman was Lwaxana herself.)

Lwaxana also compares Timicin's plans to end his life with his research to save his star. If it is Timicin's time to die, Lwaxana argues, perhaps it is also time for his star to die as well, so why should he continue to try to prevent it? Timicin thinks about what Lwaxana has told him.

Timicin's analysis of the failed test turns up some promising options, but if he follows through with the Resolution, no one will have his experience and knowledge to carry on his work to save his world. Concerned, Timicin requests asylum on the Enterprise so that he can renounce the Resolution and continue his research. B'Tardat (Terrence E. McNally), the Science Minister on Kaelon II, is outraged after learning of Timicin's request for asylum, and he sends up two warships to ensure that the Enterprise does not leave the system with Timicin on board.

As Picard orders the bridge crew to analyze the offensive capabilities of the Kaelonian ships, Timicin realizes that his situation is not as simple as he had hoped, for his home planet will not accept any further reports from him, and he is told that even if he does find a solution, they will not accept it.

Dara (Michelle Forbes), Timicin's daughter, beams on board the Enterprise to insist that he return to Kaelon II and undergo the Resolution. She tells him that she cannot bear the thought of him being laid to rest anywhere but next to her mother and, although she loves him, she is ashamed of him. Timicin realizes that he is not the man to forge a cultural revolution, and agrees to return to Kaelon II. Lwaxana, despite her disagreement, realizes that Timicin's decision is his to make. As it is the custom for loved ones to be present at the Resolution, Lwaxana beams down to be with him at his side at the time of his death.

Production
"Half a Life" was the first Star Trek credit for writer Peter Allan Fields, who would later co-write "The Inner Light" with Morgan Gendel before becoming a staff writer on Star Trek: The Next Generation during season five. Prior to writing the script, Fields reviewed "Haven" and "Manhunt", the two previous Lwaxana Troi episodes, but did not use them as references except to note Lwaxana's level of privilege. "I realized that you give her as much as they'll let her have. She'll take it", he explained.

Marina Sirtis, who played Lwaxana's daughter Deanna Troi on the show, thought that compared to earlier episodes, "Half a Life" showed a different side of her character's mother. Lwaxana's interactions in the episode, argues Sirtis, considerably broadened the character; previous episodes had a tendency to become centered around Deanna and Lwaxana. Sirtis and director Les Landau felt that the plot of "Half a Life" resembled a morality play. Landau noted the similarity between the episode and the morality play-style plots that franchise creator Gene Roddenberry included in Star Trek: The Original Series. "It deals with the whole issue of growing old and how society deals with the elderly and, in my mind, it was one of the most pertinent story-lines I have done", Landau recalled.

Casting
The episode guest starred David Ogden Stiers, best known for his role as Major Charles Emerson Winchester III on the American television series M*A*S*H. Stiers, a fan of Star Trek: The Next Generation, was enthusiastic when the producers asked him if he would be interested in appearing on the show. On the set during production, Stiers met Gene Roddenberry, the series producer, and was invited to his house to practice scenes with Roddenberry's wife, Majel Barrett. Stiers described Roddenberry as "a grand old man - not in his behaviour but in people's deference to him".

Speaking highly of the story in "Half a Life", Stiers indicated that the mood of the episode accentuated the debate over Timicin's decision to end his life. "It was an emotionally involved piece. The script quite responsibly argued both sides [of the suicide] issue and left the viewer to determine whether such a practice is acceptable or not," Stiers said. "That episode was more powerful than simply a discussion."

Michelle Forbes makes her first The Next Generation appearance in "Half a Life", in a performance which led directly to her later casting in the larger role of Ensign Ro Laren, a recurring character from season five onwards.

Reception
"Half a Life" was first released within the United States on May 6, 1991, in broadcast syndication. Keith DeCandido, in a review for Tor.com, commended Stiers' acting, saying that he gave "a noble, nuanced performance as Timicin." He also approved of the episode, saying that it was the first time that Lwaxana Troi was treated as a real character without causing him to cringe; at the same time, DeCandido did not forget the problems with her previous appearances on the show. Noting that it was one of the best episodes to feature a Prime Directive debate, DeCandido endorsed the writer's idea not to take sides regarding the suicide. "This is a magnificent, tragic love story, one that takes a thin character and gives her depth, one that gives us a beautifully realized guest character in Timicin (casting Stiers was a masterstroke, as he always brings subtle nuance to his roles), and one that takes its issues seriously," DeCandido wrote. He gave the episode a score of eight out of ten, later concluding that it featured "one of the show's most tragic love stories." In their book The Unauthorized Trek: The Complete Next Generation, James Van Hise and Hal Schuster observed a significant improvement in Majel Barrett's performance in this episode compared to her previous appearances. They said that Barrett was "capable of depth and feeling", and described the ending of the episode as "touching and disturbing". A society shouldn't naturally evolve to include ritual suicide, Van Hise and Schuster argue, but population control methods such as the one-child policy in China, appear linked to a similar required effect, albeit through different means.

Reviewing the episode for The A.V. Club, Zack Handlen said that Timicin served as an "excellent foil" for Lwaxana and made her "seem less ridiculous". The relationship between Lwaxana and Timicin "has a believable core", even if it is "broad and arguably rushed", writes Handlen. "There are some powerful moments... and it's pleasant for once to see Lwaxana adding, rather than subtracting, from a storyline." Handlen, however, criticizes the setup of Timicin's situation, as it reduced the characterization available to some of the Enterprise crew. In spite of its flaw, Handlen decides that "the episode largely redeems itself by staying true to its main point: No matter how much time you have left, it's never enough."

In 2017, Den of Geek ranked David Ogden Stiers as Timicin, in Star Trek: The Next Generation "Half a Life" as one of the top ten guest star roles on Star Trek: The Next Generation.

Media releases
"Half a Life" was first released on VHS cassette in the United States and Canada on July 23, 1996. The episode was later released in the United States on September 3, 2002, as part of the Star Trek: The Next Generation season four DVD box set. The first Blu-ray release was in the United Kingdom on July 29, 2013, followed by the United States on July 30.


text:
Burton Constable

Burton Constable is a village and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It is located approximately 9 mi north-east of Hull city centre and 3 mi south-east of the village of Skirlaugh.

The civil parish is formed by the village of Burton Constable and the hamlets of Marton and West Newton. According to the 2011 UK census, Burton Constable parish had a population of 127, an increase on the 2001 UK census figure of 120.

It is the site of the Grade I listed Burton Constable Hall.

Burton Constable was served from 1864 to 1964 by Burton Constable railway station on the Hull and Hornsea Railway.

Marmaduke Tunstall, the eighteenth-century ornithologist, was born in the village.

title: Burton Constable


text:
Talk:Qom

"History" in this article might be copy vio from. This content is not much the same word-by-word, but is almost the same. Especially, using Islamic Calender, and Hazrat Ma'soomeh "(AS)" is characteristic. -Kotoito 15:09, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * History content was added at version March 2005 (diff)
 * Website above exists in Internet Archive of November 2004

 * Ive made some edits to avoid copyright tags on the page. The page isnt copyvioed, because the only editor anywhere to have used the word "Al e Buyeh" (seen in the text) is me. Same for the name "Khoda Bandeh", which I personally translated to be the equivalent of Oljeitu (also known as Nicholas). Nevertheless I made many changes to put the Copyvio claim to a rest. Lets see what Behrooz will come up with next :)--Zereshk 00:18, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for your edit. And I can traslate it into Japanese at my ease. But I have one more favor to ask of you that you add same edit to Qom Province. Kotoito 00:58, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I'll get to it in a few days.--Zereshk 19:37, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

Abbasid era taken out
Emily,

In your edits, you deleted two paragraphs pertaining to the Abbasid era history of Qom. Is there any particular reason for doing so?--Zereshk 18:41, 22 February 2006 (UTC)

Spelling
Could we decide on one spelling only, so as to be consistent within the article? 158.143.162.119 11:44, 19 May 2006 (UTC)

Some Ideas
I was looking for carpets on ebay, and came up with antique carpets from Qom, and then found out about the carpet industry in Qom, which is big, 1500 looms. How about adding this? I think you also need a map of where it is, geography, a picture of it, climate, demographics, culture, law, more links... (scope_creep 20:12, 13 July 2006 (UTC))

 * If youre able to back it up with sources, go 4 it. Add it in.--Zereshk 23:29, 13 July 2006 (UTC)

Largest seminary
The city is home to Iran's largest seminary, competing only with Najaf in Iraq. This is odd- competing on what basis? Largest seminary in Shia Islam? All Islam? All religions? In any case I think it should be 'rivalled only by'- Qom 'competes' rather successfully at least with everywhere else in Iran on any of these terms. HenryFlower 13:14, 19 August 2006 (UTC)

Request for larger photos
Request for larger photos

Persian WP article
Currently*, the interlanguage link leads to an empty page. I cannot believe there is no article on this city at the Persian WP. Can somebody verify and either remove or correct the link? – Wikipeditor
 * 23:20, 18 September 2006 (UTC)

Manufacturing murderers
I have noticed that Qom is actually the source whence a great many murderers have received doctoral-level training in the areas of murder, torture, public corruption, and stealing the oil revenue to perpetuate this cycle. These mullahs are highly dangerous to society as a whole, especially Iran.

Can we add this to the article?--71.105.247.132 16:47, 1 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Well of course. It certainly wouldn't be POV to do that. Dumbass. --76.209.50.222 06:59, 18 February 2007 (UTC)

Pronunciation?
Njál 23:57, 14 January 2007 (UTC)

Clarify 'advantage'
For this sentence, " Qom's proximity to Tehran has given it an advantage as well," I would like to know what that advantage is. ````

 * Being close to the capital has allowed the clerical establishment easy access to monitor the affairs and decisions of state. Many Grand Ayatollahs hold offices in both Tehran and Qom. Many people simply commute between the two cities as they are only 100 km away. That is clearly an advantage that Mashad, Isfahan, Tabriz,etc dont have.--Zereshk 20:13, 25 June 2007 (UTC)

 * The Tehran and the holy city of Qom are nearly 100 miles apart (according to the article), not 100 km. 17:46, 13 October 2009 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 64.85.229.248 (talk)

Temporary marriage
The temporary marriage quote doesnt belong in this article. Qom has no physical preference or superiority over other places in terms of temporary marriage. Temp marriage can happen anywhere in Iran.

This article is merely a geographical article. The material about Temp Marriage is appropriate for the article Temporary marriage. Please have it removed.--Zereshk 20:13, 25 June 2007 (UTC)

uranium processing facility
no mention of same

can someone give GPS coordinates? (like it is given in Natanz)

Geography
The paragraph under the title "geography" contains absolutely nothing about geography. --dunnhaupt (talk) 12:36, 27 January 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 4 one external links on Qom. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20050322021500/http://balagh.net:80/ to http://www.balagh.net
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20060306075634/http://www.bonyadmaskanqom.ir:80/maine.asp to http://www.bonyadmaskanqom.ir/maine.asp
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20050405022918/http://www.mpo-qm.ir:80/ to http://www.mpo-qm.ir/
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20110723101338/http://presstv.com/program/148882.html to http://presstv.com/program/148882.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 11:56, 21 July 2016 (UTC)

Question please
There is a long list of seminaries in the article.
 * 1) Are they all part of the Qom Hawza, or is that one institution among many?
 * 2) Why isn't the Faiziyyah mentioned (I see it is there among tourist sites)? --Sir Myles na Gopaleen (the da) (talk) 14:12, 21 October 2016 (UTC)

Lede: vague if not tendentious diction
What's this about "the seventh metropolis"? "Metropolis" is not a precise term in English; it just means a big city; therefore "seventh metropolis and seventh largest city in Iran" is nonsense. I imagine, and deduce from the Persian in the info box, that "metropolis" here is being used as the translatoin of some Persian term, which I imagine is a precise one and wouldn't have the problems "metropolis" has. But that's no help here in English WP; the existence of a Persian word does not change the vagueness of an English word; so let's drop the silly "seventh metropolis" stuff from the lede, shall we? Wegesrand (talk) 10:49, 24 October 2018 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 21:21, 8 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Qomcity.jpg

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 16:23, 23 June 2020 (UTC)
 * Qom snow.jpg

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 07:25, 5 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Qom Seal.png

title: Talk:Qom


text:
Talk:Ruotsinlaiva

The category "Transport in Stockholm" is not applicable. The word means, allegedly, "Sweden ferry" in the Finnish language. Since this is redirecting to "Cruiseferry", the categories should not be there. Neng5 15:38, 25 November 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ruotsinlaiva


text: Category talk:Government of Indiana

title: Category talk:Government of Indiana


text: Category talk:Governors of Indiana

title: Category talk:Governors of Indiana


text: Category talk:Indiana General Assembly

title: Category talk:Indiana General Assembly


text: Category talk:Indiana politicians

title: Category talk:Indiana politicians


text:
Neklan

Neklan was the sixth of the seven Bohemian mythical princes between the (also mythical) founder of the Přemyslid dynasty Přemysl the Ploughman and the first historical prince Bořivoj. The names of the princes were first recorded in Cosmas chronicle and then transmitted into the most of historical books of the 19th century including František Palacký's The History of the Czech Nation in Bohemia and Moravia. According to the Chronicle of Dalimil, Neklan had two sons, Hostivít and Děpolt.

One theory about the number of the princes is propped on the frescoes on the walls of the Rotunda in Znojmo, Moravia but Anežka Merhautová claimed that the frescoes depict all the members of the Přemyslid dynasty including the Moravian junior princes.

Origin of the name
Neklan's name is thought to be derived from the Slavonic word "klát" meaning to tilt and prefix ne- (non) so it describes him to be a peaceful ruler. Záviš Kalandra thought the names of the seven princes were cryptical names of ancient Slavonic days of the week - Vojen being the sixth - Friday with just a confusing evidence.

Another theory suggests the names of the Přemysl ancestors arose from a mistaken interpretation by Cosmas. According to postulation by Vladimír Karbusický, Cosmas likely contrived them when trying to read a lost Latin transcription of an old-Slavonic message. When the ancestral names are combined and reassessed, they can roughly cohere an assumed text:

"Krok‘ kazi tetha lubossa premisl nezamisl mna ta voj‘n ni zla kr‘z mis neklan gosti vit..."

In modern English, this may translate to:

"Halt your steps, Tetha, and rather think, I do not intend war or evil upon you, we do not bow to the cross, we welcome guests..."

The alleged message is speculated to be from the Czech princes to the Franks, perhaps in relation to the Battle of Zásek c. 849 described in the Annales Fuldenses.

Legend in Cosmas Chronicle
Once Vlastislav, the prince of Lučans (with their centre in Žatec on the river Ohře), started war against Neklan and besieged his castle, Levý Hradec. Neklan didn't want the war in his country so he wanted to make peace with Vlastislav. However, his guide and second most powerful man in the Bohemian camps, a warrior called Tyr, persuaded him to lend him his armour. So Tyr went to war in place of Neklan, like Patroclus once in place of Achilles. He stroke a fierce battle of Tursko and although he died, Bohemians won and Lučans were killed to a man (literally, one man escaped the field having followed a witch's instructions).

title: Neklan


text: Category talk:Members of the Indiana House of Representatives


text: Category talk:Indiana state senators

title: Category talk:Indiana state senators


text: Category talk:United States senators from Indiana


text:
Khordha district

Khordha district is an administrative division of the state of Odisha, India. It was formed on April 1, 1993, by the division of former Puri District into Puri, Khordha and Nayagarh districts. In the year 2000 the district name was changed to Khordha. The district headquarters is Khordha Town. The capital city of Bhubaneswar is located in this district. Khordha is the most urbanized of all the districts of Odisha.

Khordha Road, the railway station that serves the town, is also the divisional headquarters of the East Coast Railway of the Indian Railways, and contains its own division. Khordha is known for its brass utensils, cottage industries, railway coach manufacturing and cable manufacturing unit and counsumer food manufacturing unit of various MNCs like Coca-Cola, Pepsi, Unilever, ITC etc.

History
It was the capital of Odisha from 1568 to 1803. It is also known for its fort, often described as the "last independent fort". The commander who kept it free from British East India Company was Bakshi Jagabandhu, popularly called 'Paika Bakshi'.

The Savaras tribal group, who are still to be found in the district in some pockets, once heavily populated the area. Khurda came into prominence when the first Rajas of the Khordha dynasty, Ramachandra Deva, made it the capital of his kingdom during the latter part of the 16th century. Khurda suffered repeated onslaughts from Muslim and Maratha cavalry but its royal house retained independence till 1804, when the British East India Company dispossessed Raja of his territory following the Second Anglo-Maratha War.

British government took Odisha under its rule in 1803 but could only include Khurda in 1827. The Paikas of Khurda are known for protesting against the British rule in Odisha.

Geography
It is also the district headquarters of Khurda district located at 20.11° N 85.40° E. The area of the district is 2,813 km2. The district is bordered by Cuttack district to the north and east, Puri district to the south, Ganjam district to the west, and Nayagarh district to the northwest. The Daya and Kuakhai Rivers flow through Khurda. The forested area is 618.67 km2. The district is mainly flat coastal plain, with some hill ranges in the west. It borders the Chilika Lake.

Climate

 * Temperature: 41.4 (max), 9.5 (min)
 * Rainfall: 1443 mm (avg)

Economy
It is renowned for its brass utensils cottage industries, cable factory, spinning mills, watch repairing factory, railway coach repairing factory, oil industries, Coca-Cola bottling plant and small metal industries, or sms group, Iocl gas bottling plant.

Divisions

 * Parliamentary constituencies: 2
 * Assembly constituencies: 6
 * Subdivisions: 2
 * Villages: 1,561
 * Blocks: 10
 * Grama panchayat: 168
 * Tehsils: 08
 * Towns: 8
 * Municipality: 2 (Khordha, Jatni)
 * Municipal Corporation: 1 (Bhubaneshwar)
 * N.A.C: 5 (Tangi, Balugaon, Banpur, Begunia, Bolagarh )

Blocks

 * 1) Balianta
 * 2) Balipatna
 * 3) Banapur
 * 4) Begunia
 * 5) Bhubaneswar
 * 6) Bolagarh
 * 7) Chilika
 * 8) Jatni
 * 9) Khordha
 * 10) Tangi

===Subdivisions ===
 * 1) Bhubaneswar: consists of 4 blocks, viz. Balianta, Balipatana, Jatni, Bhubaneswar.
 * 2) Khurda: consists of 6 blocks, viz. Tangi, Khorda sadara, Banapur, Begunia, Bolgarh and Chilika.

Demographics
According to the 2011 census Khordha district has a population of 2,251,673, roughly equal to the nation of Latvia or the US state of New Mexico. This gives it a ranking of 201st in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 799 PD/sqkm. Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 19.65%. Khordha has a sex ratio of 925 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 87.51%. 48.16% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 13.21% and 5.11% of the population respectively.

At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 92.13% of the population in the district spoke Odia, 1.98% Urdu, 1.69% Telugu, 1.55% Hindi, 1.38% Bengali and 0.43% Santali as their first language.

Vidhan sabha constituencies
The following are the eight Vidhan sabha constituencies of Khordha district and the elected members of that area

Lok Sabha constituencies
During 1952 general election, Pandit Lingraj Mishra was elected from the Khurda (Lok Sabha constituency). 1957 onwards members were elected from Bhubaneswar (Lok Sabha constituency).

title: Khordha district


text:
Battle of Lacolle Mills (1814)

The Battle of Lacolle Mills was fought on 30 March 1814 during the War of 1812. The small garrison of a British outpost position, aided by reinforcements, fought off a large American attack.

Despite being outnumbered 12-1, the British pulled off the victory, due to their well-trained and high morale men defeating a non-experienced American group.

Background
After the St. Lawrence campaign had ended late the previous year with the British victory at the Battle of Crysler's Farm, the defeated American Army under Major General James Wilkinson went into winter quarters at French Mills, New York, only just inside the United States. The British commanders feared that the Americans could threaten the British line of communication along the St. Lawrence River from this position, but Wilkinson made no attempt to do so. His army arrived at French Mills with few supplies, and because of poor roads, lack of transport and draught animals and inefficiency of the Quartermaster General's Department, it was almost impossible to supply the army in this advanced position. Sickness rapidly increased until there were no less than 450 sick in squalid conditions in a hospital in Malone, New York and many more in French Mills.

Finally, in late January, Secretary of War John Armstrong ordered Wilkinson to detach a division numbering 2,000 men under Brigadier General Jacob Brown to Sackett's Harbor, New York, and fall back with the main body (about 4,000 fit men) to Plattsburgh, New York on Lake Champlain, while the sick and wounded were removed to Burlington, Vermont. British troops followed up almost to Plattsburgh, recovering large quantities of supplies from settlements in New York state such as Malone and Four Corners and paroling many sick American soldiers who fell into their hands, before withdrawing.

Wilkinson was aware that he would almost certainly be removed from command following the defeat of the St. Lawrence campaign, and planned several offensives to restore his reputation. Most of these were too ambitious with the means available, but one objective seemed feasible. A few miles north of the border between Canada and the United States, the main road running north crossed the small Lacolle River. Here, the British maintained an outpost of 80 men of the 13th Regiment of Foot in the Lacolle Mills Blockhouse and the stout stone-built watermill. The defenders also included a Congreve rocket detachment of the Royal Marine Artillery, and there were other outpost positions and blockhouses nearby. American forces, under Major-General Henry Dearborn, had tried to capture the same post back in the fall of 1812. However, that attack had floundered in the face of poor organization and inexperience.

Battle
Wilkinson marched northwards from Plattsburgh to attack this outpost on 27 March 1814. His force consisted of 4,000 men organised into three brigades, with 11 pieces of artillery. The march was delayed by deep snow and mud, and he was not able to occupy Odelltown until 30 March, and begin the attack on Lacolle Mill until the early afternoon. The Americans opened fire with two 12-pounder cannon and a 5.5 inch mortar. They could not bring an 18-pounder gun into action because of soft ground around the area. The British garrison fired back with their Congreve rockets. Although the rockets were inaccurate, they caused several American casualties. The American troops had not encountered these weapons before in battle and were unnerved.

The flank (i.e. the Light and Grenadier) companies of the 13th had been stationed nearby. They launched a bayonet charge against the American artillery emplacements, but only 80 in number, they were far outnumbered and were repulsed. Hearing the firing from some 3 km away, a company of 400 Canadian Voltigeurs and the Grenadier company of the Canadian Regiment of Fencible Infantry also marched to reinforce the defenders. They waded through icy water to slip through the American lines and opened fire on American artillery, wounding the American artillery commander, his replacement and many of the gun crews. The Americans were also under fire from British gunboats under Commander Daniel Pring of the Royal Navy, who had brought his vessels up the Richelieu River from Ile aux Noix to the mouth of the Lacolle River.

By evening, the Americans had made little impression on the British defences. Rather than launch an all-out assault, Wilkinson ordered a retreat. The Americans returned to Plattsburgh, considerably disheartened. Wilkinson had recklessly exposed himself to British fire throughout the action, though to little purpose.

Aftermath
On 11 April, Wilkinson received orders from Armstrong relieving him of command. This was probably not a direct result of the debacle at Lacolle Mills, but followed a request made by Wilkinson himself on 24 March for a Court of Enquiry to rule on his conduct of the St. Lawrence campaign the previous year. This eventually resulted in a court martial, but Wilkinson was acquitted of various charges of negligence and misconduct.

The failure nevertheless allowed Armstrong to promote a crop of comparatively junior officers to command divisions and brigades. Major General George Izard, who had been on leave when the Battle of Lacolle Mills was fought, eventually took command at Plattsburgh.

Legacy
Thirteen active regular infantry battalions of the United States Army (1-2 Inf, 2-2 Inf, 1-3 Inf, 2-3 Inf, 4-3 Inf, 1-4 Inf, 2-4 Inf, 3-4 Inf, 1-5 Inf, 2-5 Inf, 1-6 Inf, 2-6 Inf and 4-6 Inf) perpetuate the lineages of a number of American units (the old 5th, 6th, 11th, 13th, 14th and 20th Infantry Regiments) that were present at the battle.

The 13th Regiment of Foot is perpetuated in the British Army by the Rifles Regiment. Within the Canadian Army, the Canadian Regiment of Fencible Infantry is commemorated by the Royal 22e Regiment. while the Canadian Voltigeurs are perpetuated by Les Voltigeurs de Quebec. While a specific battle honour was not awarded for the Battle of Lacolle Mills, both of the Canadian Regiments carry the theater honour "Defence of Canada, 1812-1815", awarded to Canadian Fencible and militia units for participation in successful engagements during the War of 1812, including this battle.

The site of the battle was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1923.

title: Battle of Lacolle Mills (1814)


text:
User talk:Zaintoum

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! - Hephaestos|§ 15:13, 28 August 2005 (UTC) thanks Zaintoum
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Zaintoum


text:
The Vagabond (1916 film)

The Vagabond is a 1916 American silent romantic comedy film by Charlie Chaplin and his third film with Mutual Films. Released to theaters on July 10, 1916, it co-starred Edna Purviance, Eric Campbell, Leo White and Lloyd Bacon. This film echoed Chaplin's work on The Tramp, with more drama and pathos mixed in with the comedy.

Synopsis
The story begins with Charlie, the Tramp, arriving at a bar, playing on a violin to raise money and exciting a rivalry with competing musicians. This results in a barroom brawl and comic mayhem.

Wandering off into the vicinity of a gypsy caravan in the country, he encounters the beautiful, though bedraggled, Edna. He entertains her with his violin. She has been abducted and abused by the gypsies, chief among them Eric Campbell, who whips her mercilessly. Charlie comes to her rescue and knocks her tormentors over the head with a stick before riding off with her in a commandeered cart. Love develops between them as Charlie washes Edna's face in a bowl and combs her hair. He makes breakfast while she goes to fetch water. On the way Edna meets an artist who lacks inspiration. Edna is his muse and he paints her, including her unique shamrock-shaped birthmark. Edna falls for him and brings him back to the cart where the two talk, while Charlie is ignored. The artist leaves and she is stuck with Charlie.

The resulting painting is seen by the girl's mother who recognizes the unusual birthmark and rushes with the artist to rescue her daughter. They find her with Charlie, who refuses payment from the mother and sadly says goodbye. Edna is driven off in a limousine with her mother, others, and the artist—only to realize she loves Charlie. She orders the car to reverse and take him along with her.

Reception
Louis Reeves Harrison wrote in The Moving Picture World, "The latter part of this story shows Chaplin in a new role, and he handles it well in spite of the necessity of being as funny as possible. He would make an interesting lead in almost any story if it were possible for him to divest himself of the little tricks which have made him famous. Those little tricks still go, and they pay, but it would be a novelty to see Chaplin free to do without them in some opportunity of a reverse, or much different, character."

The film was briefly discussed in Motion Picture Magazine, where it was described as "Almost a comedy-drama, in which heart interest mixes well with broad farce. Edna Purviance, as the 'stolen child,' is an excellent support."

Cast

 * Charlie Chaplin Covers the World.jpgie Chaplin as Saloon Violinist
 * Edna Purviance as Gypsy Drudge
 * Eric Campbell as Gypsy Chieftain
 * Leo White as Old Jew/Gypsy Woman
 * Lloyd Bacon as Artist and Gypsy
 * Charlotte Mineau as Girl's Mother
 * Albert Austin as Trombonist
 * John Rand as Trumpeter, Band Leader
 * James T. Kelley as Gypsy and Musician
 * Frank J. Coleman as Gypsy and Musician
 * Phyllis Allen (uncredited)
 * Henry Bergman (uncredited)
 * Fred Goodwins Percussionist / Gypsy (uncredited)

Sound version
In 1932, Amedee Van Beuren of Van Beuren Studios, purchased Chaplin's Mutual comedies for $10,000 each, added music by Gene Rodemich and Winston Sharples and sound effects, and re-released them through RKO Radio Pictures. Chaplin had no legal recourse to stop the RKO release.

title: The Vagabond (1916 film)


text: Category talk:Images of Indiana

title: Category talk:Images of Indiana


text: Category talk:Indiana maps

title: Category talk:Indiana maps


text:
User talk:Std~enwiki

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! - Hephaestos|§ 15:17, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Image Tagging Image:Kornatkerrang.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Kornatkerrang.jpg. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is therefore unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the media also doesn't have a copyright tag then you must also add one. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then you can use GFDL to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media qualifies as fair use, please read fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other media, please check that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Longhair 06:32, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Std. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Std~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 03:10, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 19:12, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Std~enwiki


text:
Cyclohexadiene

Cyclohexadiene may refer to:

 * Cyclohexa-1,3-diene, 1,3-cyclohexadiene.svg
 * Cyclohexa-1,4-diene, 1,4-cyclohexadiene.svg

title: Cyclohexadiene


text:
File:Ringo Rama Cover.jpg

Fair use in Ringo Rama
Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because:
 * 1) It's a low resolution copy of a Film Poster / VHS or DVD Cover.
 * 2) It doesn't limit the copyright owner's rights to sell the film in any way, in fact, it may encourage sales.
 * 3) Because of the low resolution, copies could not be used to make illegal copies of the artwork/image.
 * 4) The image is itself a subject of discussion in the article or used in the infobox thereof.
 * 5) The image  is significant because it was used to promoted a notable film.

Source

 * 1) Derived from a digital capture (photo/scan) of the Film Poster/ VHS or DVD Cover (creator of this digital version is irrelevant as the copyright in all equivalent images is still held by the same party). Copyright held by the film company or the artist.  Claimed as fair use regardless.

title: File:Ringo Rama Cover.jpg


text: Category talk:Mass media in Indiana

title: Category talk:Mass media in Indiana