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Russian famine of 1921–1922

The Russian famine of 1921–1922, also known as the Povolzhye famine (Голод в Поволжье, 'Volga region famine') was a severe famine in the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic that began early in the spring of 1921 and lasted until 1922. The famine resulted from the combined effects of severe drought, the continued effects of World War I, economic disturbance from the Russian Revolution, the Russian Civil War, and failures in the government policy of war communism (especially prodrazvyorstka). It was exacerbated by rail systems that could not distribute food efficiently.

The famine killed an estimated five million people and primarily affected the Volga and Ural River regions. Many of the starving resorted to cannibalism. The outbreaks of diseases such as cholera and typhus were also contributing factors to famine casualties.

Origins
Before the famine began, Russia had suffered three-and-a-half years of World War I and additionally the Russian Civil War of 1918–1920, many of the conflicts being fought inside Russia. There were 7–12 million casualties during the Russian Civil War, mostly civilians. Historians have noted that both Tsarist Russia government councils and other opposition parties had advocated for food requisitioning prior to the ascent of the Bolsheviks.

Before the famine, all sides in the Russian Civil Wars of 1918–1921 (the Bolsheviks, the Whites, the Anarchists, and the seceding nationalities) had provisioned themselves by seizing food from those who grew it, giving it to their armies and supporters, and denying it to their enemies. The Bolshevik government had requisitioned supplies from the peasantry for little or nothing in exchange, which led peasants to drastically reduce their crop production.

Aid from outside Soviet Russia was initially rejected. The American Relief Administration (ARA), which Herbert Hoover formed to help the victims of starvation of World War I, offered assistance to Lenin in 1919 if it had full say over the Russian railway network and handed out food impartially to all. Lenin refused that as interference in Russian internal affairs.

Lenin was eventually convinced by the famine, the Kronstadt rebellion, large-scale peasant uprisings such as the Tambov Rebellion, and the failure of a German general strike to reverse his policy at home and abroad. He decreed the New Economic Policy on 15 March 1921.

The famine also helped produce an opening to the West. Lenin now allowed relief organizations to bring aid. War relief was no longer required in Western Europe, and the ARA had an organization set up in Poland that relieved the Polish famine, which had begun in the winter of 1919–1920.

Cannibalism
The situation became so desperate that a considerable minority of the starving resorted to cannibalism. According to the historian Orlando Figes, "thousands of cases" were reported, with the number of cases that were never reported certainly even higher. In Samara, "ten butcher shops were closed for selling human flesh." In Pugachyov, "it was dangerous for children to go out after dark since there were known to be bands of cannibals and traders who killed them to eat or sell their tender flesh." An inhabitant of a nearby village stated: "There are several cafeterias in the village — and all of them serve up young children."

This was no exception – Figes estimates "that a considerable proportion of the meat in Soviet factories in the Volga area ... was human flesh." Various gangs specialized in "capturing children, murdering them and selling the human flesh as horse meat or beef", with the buyers happy to have found a source of meat in a situation of extreme shortage and often willing not to "ask too many questions".

Relief effort
In the summer of 1921, during one of the worst famines in history, Vladimir Lenin, the head of the new Soviet government, along with Maxim Gorky, appealed in an open letter to "all honest European and American people" to "give bread and medicine". In an open letter to all nations, dated 13 July 1921, Gorky described the crop failure which had brought his country to the brink of starvation. Herbert Hoover, who would later become the U.S. President, responded immediately, and negotiations with Russia took place at the Latvian capital, Riga. A European effort was led by the famous Arctic explorer Fridtjof Nansen through the International Committee for Russian Relief (ICRR).

Hoover's ARA had already been distributing food aid throughout Europe since 1914. After the Germans invaded Belgium in 1914, Hoover set up the Belgian Relief Committee to alleviate the devastation and starvation that followed. As World War I expanded, the ARA grew, and it next entered northern France and assisted France and Germany from 1914 to 1919. In 1920 and 1921, it provided one meal a day to 3.2 million children in Finland, Estonia, various Russian regions, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Ukraine, Czechoslovakia, Austria, Hungary, and Armenia. When it began its emergency feeding operation in Russia, it planned to feed about one million Russian children for a full year. Other bodies such as the American Friends Service Committee, the British Friends' War Victims Relief Committee and the International Save the Children Union, with the British Save the Children Fund as the major contributor, also later took part. As the historian Douglas Smith writes, the food relief would probably help "save communist Russia from ruin."

The United States was the first country to respond, with Hoover appointing Colonel William N. Haskell to direct the American Relief Administration (ARA) in Russia. Within a month, ships loaded with food were headed for Russia. The main contributor to the international relief effort would be the ARA, which was founded and directed by Hoover. It had agreed to provide food for a million people, mostly children, but within a year it was feeding more than 10 times that number daily.

The ARA insisted on autonomy as to how the food would be distributed and stated its requirement that food would be given without regard to "race, creed or social status", a condition that was stated in Section 25 of the Riga agreement. U.S. spokesmen said that it would also want to have storage facilities built in Russia, wrote the journalist Charles Bartlett, and would expect to have full access to those to assure that food was distributed properly.

Hoover also demanded for Russia to use some of its gold holdings to defray the cost of the relief effort. He secured $18 million from the Russian leadership, $20 million from the U.S. Congress, $8 million from the U.S. military, and additional money from U.S. charities to arrive at a total of approximately $78 million from all those sources. After an agreement was finally signed at Riga, the U.S. set up its first kitchen in Petrograd, where 1.6 million people had already starved to death.

Over 10 million people were fed daily, with the bulk of food coming from the ARA, which had provided more than 768 million tons of flour, grain, rice, beans, pork, milk, and sugar, with a value of over $98 million. To transport and distribute the food after it was collected in the U.S., the ARA used 237 ships, under the direction of 200 Americans and with the help of 125,000 Russians on location for unloading, warehousing, hauling, weighing, cooking and serving the food in more than 21,000 new kitchens.

Even after the food had reached the people in need, Colonel Haskell informed Hoover of an unexpected new danger. He explained that fuel was unavailable for heating or cooking and millions of Russian peasants had clothing consisting mostly of rags, which would lead to certain death from cold exposure during the approaching winter.

The children at risk included those in orphanages and other institutions, as they usually had only one garment, often made of flour sacks, and they lacked shoes, stockings, underclothing, or any other clothing to keep warm. Also at risk were children living at home with their parents, who also lacked enough clothing, which made them unable to reach the American relief kitchens. Haskell cabled Hoover that at least one million children were in extreme need of clothes. Hoover quickly initiated a plan for collecting and sending clothing packages to Russia, which would come from donations by individuals, businesses and banks.

Medical needs were also paramount. As noted by Dr. Henry Beeuwkes, the chief of the Medical Division in Russia, American relief was supplying over 16,000 hospitals, which were treating more than a million persons daily. Because those institutions were scattered over areas with few railroads and often poor roads, with some hospitals over a thousand miles from the main supply base in Moscow, the task was monumental. Dr. Louis L. Shapiro, an army colonel who was one of the ARA's medical directors in Russia, recalled that southern Russia had little more than "mud ruts for roads, with limitless prairies." On one trip, with few car necessities or regular gas, he drove 150 miles on tires without inner tubes, instead stuffed with straw. "After our kitchens were established and our clinics able to distribute medical supplies" said Shapiro, "children who had been eating a diet of clay and leather scrapings, responded quite rapidly."

According to Dr. Beeuwkes, everything was in short supply, including beds, blankets, sheets, and most medical tools and medicines. Operations were performed in unheated operating rooms without anesthetics and often with bare hands. Wounds were dressed with newspapers or rags. Water supplies were polluted, with much of the plumbing unusable.

To help the widespread medical emergency, the ARA distributed medical supplies, which included over 2,000 necessities, from medicines to surgical instruments. There were 125,000 medical packages, weighing 15 million pounds, sent on 69 ships. According to Dr. Shapiro, when the ARA left Russia in 1923, after two years of relief efforts, "the Russians had been pulled out of the slough of famine and death. I can say without boasting that no relief organization ever worked so hard to complete its task."

In May 1922, Lev Kamenev, President of the Moscow Soviet and deputy chairman of all Russian famine relief committees, wrote a letter to Haskell that thanked him and the ARA for its help and also paid tribute to the American people

"The government of the Russian nation will never forget the generous help that was afforded them in the terrible calamity and dangers visited upon them.... I wish to express, on behalf of the Soviet government, my satisfaction and thanks to the American Relief Administration, through your person, for the substantial support which they are offering to the calamity stricken population of the Volga area."

By the summer of 1923, it was estimated that the U.S. relief that was given to Russia amounted to over twice the total of relief given it by all other foreign organizations combined. European agencies co-ordinated by the ICRR also fed two million people a day, while the International Save the Children Union fed up to 375,000. The operation was hazardous since several workers died of cholera, and it was not without its critics, including the London Daily Express, which first denied the severity of the famine and then argued that the money would better be spent in the United Kingdom.

Throughout 1922 and 1923, as famine was still widespread and the ARA was still providing relief supplies, grain was exported by the Soviet government to raise funds for the revival of industry, which seriously endangered Western support for relief. The new Soviet government insisted that if the AYA suspended relief, the ARA was to arrange a foreign loan for them of about $10,000,000 1923 dollars; the ARA was unable to do so and continued to ship in food past the grain being sold abroad.

Death toll
As with other large-scale famines, the range of estimates is considerable. An official Soviet publication of the early 1920s concluded that about five million deaths occurred in 1921 from famine and related disease, the number that is usually quoted in textbooks. More conservative figures counted not more than a million, and another assessment, based on the ARA's medical division, spoke of two million. On the other side of the scale, some sources spoke of ten million dead. According to Bertrand M. Patenaude, "such a number hardly seems extravagant after the many tens of millions of victims of war, famine, and terror in the twentieth century."

Political uses
The famine came at the end of six-and-a-half years of unrest and violence (World War I, the two Russian Revolutions of 1917, and the Russian Civil War). Many political and military factions were involved in the events, and most of them have been accused by their enemies of having contributed to or even bearing sole responsibility for the famine.

The Bolsheviks started a campaign of seizing church property in 1922. That year, over 4.5 million golden roubles of property were seized. Of those, one million gold roubles were spent for famine relief. In a secret March 19, 1922 letter to the Politburo, Lenin expressed an intention to seize several hundred million golden roubles for famine relief.

In Lenin's secret letter to the Politburo, he explains that the famine provides an opportunity against the church. Richard Pipes argued that the famine was used politically as an excuse for the Bolshevik leadership to persecute the Orthodox Church, which held significant sway over much of the peasantry.

Russian anti-Bolshevik white émigrés in London, Paris, and elsewhere also used the famine as a media opportunity to highlight the iniquities of the Soviet regime to prevent trade with and official recognition of the Bolshevik government.

title: Russian famine of 1921–1922


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Coleus rotundifolius

Coleus rotundifolius, synonyms Plectranthus rotundifolius and Solenostemon rotundifolius, commonly known as native potato or country potato in Africa and called Chinese potato in India, is a perennial herbaceous plant of the mint family (Lamiaceae) native to tropical Africa. It is cultivated for its edible tubers primarily in West Africa, as well as more recently in parts of Asia, especially India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, and Indonesia.

C. rotundifolius is closely related to the coleus plants widely cultivated as ornamentals and is now again placed in the genus Coleus, after being placed in the defunct genus Solenostemon and in Plectranthus.

Use and cultivation
The egg-shaped tubers of the native potato appear very similar to the unrelated true potato, though they are smaller than modern commercial varieties. They are typically boiled, but may also be roasted, baked, or fried. Their flavor is bland, but sweeter than Coleus esculentus.

Native potato is overwhelmingly a subsistence crop, though flour milling is reported in Burkina Faso.

C. rotundifolius is one of three Coleus species native to Africa grown for their edible tubers and using the same vernacular names. The others, C. esculentus and C. edulis, native to southern Africa and Ethiopia, respectively, have not spread beyond Africa. Its cultivation has been largely displaced by the spread of cassava, which was introduced by the Portuguese to Africa from South America about 500 years ago.

Names
In Africa, Coleus rotundifolius is also known as the Hausa potato or Sudan potato, in addition to the names native potato and country potato.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Coleus rotundifolius


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User:Evanagee

'Evan Agee is a website developer and graphic designer from Richmond, Indiana. He was born on August 29th of 1980 to Mack and Tina.

Website Evan Agee has Created
[EvanAgee.com] [First United Methodist Church, Richmond IN] [Reid Hospital] [1-800-Save-A-Pet.com]

Related Links
[EvanAgee.com, the official website]

title: User:Evanagee


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Stanislav Hazheev

Stanislav Galimovich Hazheev (Станислав Галимович Хажеев) (born 28 December 1941 in Kashtak, Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russian SFSR) is the former Minister of Defence in Transnistria.

Early life and career
Hazheev was born in Kashtak, now a neighborhood in the north of Chelyabinsk, in Russia. He is of Belarusian ethnicity. Hazheev is a career soldier, and studied first at the Suvorov Military School in Sverdlovsk, then at the Tashkent Higher All-Arms Command School, where he graduated in 1963, and finally at the Frunze Military Academy in Moscow.

He held various command positions in the Soviet Army, first in the Turkestan Military District, then in the Odessa Military District and after that in the Transbaikal Military District. From 1983 until 1986, Hazheev served as chief adviser to the Soviet military mission in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Back in the Soviet Union, he was assigned to the post of Deputy Commander of the Higher Military School of Vladikavkaz.

Transnistria
Hazheev and has worked in the armed forces of Transnistria since 1992, in that same year, he also became Minister of Defence. His first rank in the Transnistrian Army was lieutenant general, but he currently holds the rank of colonel general.

Personal life
He has an adult son.

title: Stanislav Hazheev


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1918 Pulitzer Prize

The following are the Pulitzer Prizes for 1918.

Journalism awards

 * Public Service:
 * The New York Times, for its public service in publishing in full so many official reports, documents and speeches by European statesmen relating to the progress and conduct of World War I.
 * Reporting:
 * Harold A. Littledale of the New York Evening Post, for a series of articles exposing abuses in and leading to the reform of the New Jersey State prison.
 * Editorial Writing:
 * Louisville Courier Journal, for the editorial article, "Vae Victis!" and the editorial, "War Has Its Compensation". (No author was named, but the editorials were written by Henry Watterson. )
 * Newspaper History Award:
 * Minna Lewinson and Henry Beetle Hough, students at the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism, for A History of the Services Rendered to the Public by the American Press During the Year 1917. (1918 was the only year in which this particular award was given.)

Letters and Drama Awards

 * Novel:
 * His Family by Ernest Poole (Macmillan)
 * Drama:
 * Why Marry? by Jesse Lynch Williams (Scribner)
 * History:
 * A History of the Civil War, 1861-1865 by James Ford Rhodes (Macmillan)
 * Biography or Autobiography:
 * Benjamin Franklin, Self-Revealed by William Cabell Bruce (Putnam)

Special Citations and Awards

 * Poetry:
 * Love Songs by Sara Teasdale (Macmillan). This award was made possible by a special grant from the Poetry Society of America.

title: 1918 Pulitzer Prize


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Reinaldonian Theory

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. --Tony Sidaway Talk 14:24, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

Reinaldonian Theory
In a hole in the ground there lived a hobbit. Not a nasty, dirty, wet hole, filled with the ends of worms and an oozy smell, nor yet a dry, bare, sandy hole with nothing in it to sit down on or to eat: it was a hobbit-hole, and that means comfort.

Verdict: unnecessary, nonsense, delete. Erwin Walsh

 * Delete: No matches in google for the term. At best, "original research".  At more likely, "made up nonsense."Boojum 01:14, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Original research. Maybe Reinaldo came up with it while running in the 1998 West New York 5K Run (in which he placed 8th!). —Charles O'Rourke 03:18, August 20, 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete original research... btw can he spell objectification? Wyss 04:32, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as above. --Agamemnon2 11:13, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete No references to such research in Google Scholar. Likely not even research, but"propoganda". Abb3w 06:41, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Category:Formicariidae

Formicariidae is a family of the bird order Passeriformes.

title: Category:Formicariidae


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Social Code

Social Code (formerly known as Fifth Season) was a Canadian alternative rock group formed in 1999 in St. Albert, Alberta.

Formation and early years (1999–2003)
The band was formed in 1999 by high school friends Travis Nesbitt (lead vocals) and Logan Jacobs (bass), under the name Fifth Season. Later on, David Hesse joined as a guitarist, and Ben Shillabeer as a drummer.

The band's first album, Patiently Waiting, was released in 2001. After the release of the album, the band decided to change its name upon finding a popular band under the same name overseas, and so they came up with the new name Social Code.

Signing to Interscope Records and major label releases (2003–2008)
The band then landed a record deal with Interscope at the end of 2003, where they released their major label debut, A Year at the Movies In May 2004. The band went on to do opening shows with such bands as Rise Against, Fall Out Boy, Deftones and Good Charlotte among others.

In 2007 the St. Albert foursome took on the task of creating a new record on their own. Social Code's previous experience working with high-profile producers, such as Howard Benson (The All-American Rejects, Hawthorne Heights, My Chemical Romance) in Los Angeles gave the band the experience and confidence to go it alone. They gutted the basement of Jacobs' house, built a studio and spent the next year working on their second album called Social-Code that was released in May 2007, in Canada. The album was successful in Canada, and spawned the successful singles "Bomb Hands", "The Shortest Line", "Everyday (Late November)" and "He Said, She Said". Supporting the album, the band toured with Sum 41 and Finger Eleven on their Strength In Numbers Tour.

Rock 'N' Roll (2009–2012)
The band reported on April 3, 2009 that mixing of their newest album, Rock 'N' Roll, was completed. The album was produced by John Travis (Kid Rock, Buckcherry) in Edmonton and mixed by Mike Fraser (AC/DC, Hinder, Aerosmith). It was announced on their Myspace page that the new album will be released on September 1, 2009, with the first single "Satisfied", released on iTunes on July 28, 2009, and a supporting tour coming in mid-September, following the album's release. Following the release of the album, the band toured in Canada with several other high-profile bands, such as Buckcherry and Rev Theory. Later in 2009, the band added Steve Faulkner as an additional guitarist.

Through 2010, the band continued to support the release of the album, headlining a Canadian tour in January 2010, with support act Ten Second Epic, opening for Buckcherry in May 2010, and supporting Airbourne on their major Canadian tour in July–August 2010, along with Bleeker Ridge. In October 2010, the band played the indie and electronica Java Rockin' Land festival in Jakarta, Indonesia, alongside such bands as Smashing Pumpkins, Wolfmother, Stereophonics, The Vines, Stryper, Dashboard Confessional, Superman Is Dead, Datarock, Mutemath, Arkarna and more.

On June 6, 2012, Social Code announced a permanent hiatus, and that the members were moving on to individual projects. Travis and Morgan founded the electro rock trio SIIINES.

Band members

 * Final line-up
 * Travis Nesbitt - lead vocals (1999–2012)
 * Morgan Gies - lead & rhythm guitars (2005–2012)
 * Logan Jacobs - bass (1999–2012)
 * Ben Shillabeer - drums, percussion (2003–2012)
 * Steve Faulkner - rhythm & lead guitars (2009–2012)

 * Former members
 * David Hesse - lead & rhythm guitars (1999–2004)
 * Chris Ruddy - lead & rhythm guitars (2004–2005)
 * Andrew Patrick - drums, percussion (1999–2003)

Discography

 * Patiently Waiting (2001, as Fifth Season)
 * A Year at the Movies (2004)
 * Social-Code (2007)
 * Rock 'N' Roll (2009)

title: Social Code


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Jennifer Greene

Jennifer Greene is one of the pseudonyms for Jill Alison Hart (born in Michigan, United States). She is a writer of over 85 romance novels since 1980. She has also written novels as Jeanne Grant and Jessica Massey, and uses the name Alison Hart as a business name for her writing.

She has been honored with many awards. In the summer of 1998 she was inducted into the Romance Writers of America's Hall of Fame, and later received the Nora Roberts Lifetime Achievement Award.

Biography
Greene obtained a degree in English and in Psychology from the Michigan State University. At Michigan State she was honored with the Lantern Night Award (which MSU traditionally gives to 50 outstanding women graduates). She sold her first book in 1980 under the pen name Jessica Massey, and from 1983 to 1987 published under the pseudonym Jeanne Grant. Since 1986 she has used the pseudonym Jennifer Greene. In addition to writing Greene has worked as a teacher, counselor, and personal manager. She is married and lives in the country near Benton Harbor, Michigan.

Category romances

 * Yours, Mine and Ours (Silhouette Special Edition, 2011)
 * Billionaire's Handler (Silhouette Special Edition, 2010)
 * Hot to the Touch (Silhouette Desire, 2005)
 * Millionaire M.D. (Silhouette Desire, 2001)
 * Rock Solid (Silhouette Desire, 2000)
 * Her Holiday Secret (Silhouette Desire, 1998)
 * A Baby in his In-Box (Silhouette Desire, 1998)
 * Nobody’s Princess (Silhouette Desire, 1997) - RWA Rita Winner
 * Single Dad (Silhouette Desire, 1995) - RWA Rita Winner
 * Arizona Heat (Silhouette Desire, 1995)
 * A Groom for Red Riding Hood (Silhouette Desire, 1994)
 * Quicksand (Silhouette Desire, 1993) - RWA Rita Finalist
 * Just Like Old Times (Silhouette Desire, 1992)
 * Night Light (Silhouette Desire, 1991)
 * Falconer (Silhouette Desire, 1991)
 * Slow Dance (Silhouette Desire, 1990)
 * Heat Wave (Silhouette Desire, 1990)
 * Broken Blossom (Silhouette Intimate Moments, 1990)
 * Night of the Hunter (Silhouette Desire, 1989) - RWA Rita Winner
 * Devil’s Night (Silhouette Intimate Moments, 1989) - RWA Rita Finalist
 * Dancing in the Dark (Silhouette Desire, 1989)
 * Secrets (Silhouette Intimate Moments, 1988) - RWA Rita Finalist
 * The Castle Keep (Silhouette Desire, 1988)
 * Love Potion (Silhouette Desire, 1988)
 * Lady of the Island (Silhouette Desire, 1988)
 * Minx (Silhouette Desire, 1987)
 * Dear Reader (Silhouette Desire, 1987)
 * Lady Be Good (Silhouette Desire, 1987)
 * Madam’s Room (Silhouette Desire, 1987)
 * Foolish Pleasure (Silhouette Desire, 1986)
 * Body and Soul (Silhouette Desire, 1986)

Single titles

 * Blame it on Paris (HQN, 2008)
 * Blame it on Cupid (HQN, 2007) - RWA Rita Winner
 * Blame it on Chocolate (HQN, 2006)
 * Sparkle (Harlequin, 2006)
 * Lucky (Harlequin, 2005)
 * Where is he Now? (Avon, 2003)
 * The Woman Most Likely To… (Avon, 2002)

New Man in Town Series

 * Mesmerizing Stranger (Silhouette Romantic Suspense, 2010)
 * Irresistible Stranger (Silhouette Romantic Suspense, 2010)
 * Secretive Stranger (Silhouette Romantic Suspense, 2010)

Lavender Series

 * Wild in the Moment (Silhouette Desire, 2004)
 * Wild in the Moonlight (Silhouette Desire, 2004)
 * Wild in the Field (Silhouette Desire, 2003)

Royal Charming Happily Ever After Series

 * Kiss Your Prince Charming (Silhouette Desire, 2000)
 * Prince Charming’s Child (Silhouette Desire, 1999)

Stanford Sisters Series

 * Bachelor Mom (Silhouette Desire, 1997)
 * The 200% Wife (Silhouette Special Edition, 1997)
 * The Unwilling Bride (Silhouette Desire, 1996)

Jock’s Boys Series

 * Bewitched (Silhouette Desire, 1994)
 * Bothered (Silhouette Desire, 1994)
 * Bewildered (Silhouette Desire, 1994)

Shepard Brothers Series

 * It Had To Be You (Silhouette Desire, 1992)
 * Pink Topaz (Silhouette Intimate Moments, 1992)

Special Series

 * The Soon-To-Be-Disinherited Wife (Silhouette Desire “Secret Lives of Society Wives” series, 2006)
 * Isabelle / Diana / Suzanna (2004) (with Christine Rimmer and Cheryl St. John)
 * Montana Weddings (2001) (with Christine Rimmer and Cheryl St. John)
 * You Belong To Me (Silhouette Desire “Montana Mavericks: Big Sky Brides Series, 2000) (with Christine Rimmer and Cheryl St. John)
 * The Honor-Bound Groom (Silhouette “Fortune’s Children Series”, 1998)
 * The Baby Chase (Silhouette “Fortune’s Children Series”, 1997)

Novellas

 * Blame it on the Blizzard (Silhouette “Baby It’s Cold Outside” anthology, 2010)
 * Kokomo (Harlequin “Summer Dreams” anthology, 2007)
 * Born in my Heart (Harlequin “Like Mother, Like Daughter” anthology, 2007) - RWA Rita Winner
 * Twelfth Night (Silhouette “Santa’s Little Helpers’ anthology, 1995)
 * The Christmas House (Silhouette “Gifts of Fortune” anthology, 2001)
 * Riley’s Baby (Silhouette “Birds, Bees and Babies” anthology, 1990)

Category romances

 * Tender Loving Care (1987)
 * No More Mr. Nice Guy (1986)
 * Sweets to the Sweet (1986)
 * Pink Satin (1985)
 * Can’t Say No (1985)
 * Ain’t Misbehaving (1985) - RWA Rita Finalist
 * Silver and Spice (1984) - RWA Rita Finalist
 * Conquer the Memories (1984)
 * Cupid’s Confederates (1984)
 * Trouble in Paradise (1984)
 * Wintergreen (1984)
 * Sunburst (1984)
 * Kisses from Heaven (1984)
 * A Daring Proposition (1983)
 * Man from Tennessee (1983)

Single books

 * Stormy Surrender (1984)

Awards

 * 1984 RWA Silver Medallion Winner, Silver and Spice
 * 1985 Romantic Times, Best Sensual Series Author Winner
 * 1986 RWA, Golden Medallion Finalist, Ain't Misbehaven
 * 1987 Affaire de Coeur, Silver Certificate Winner, No More Mr. Nice Guy
 * 1988–1989 Romantic Times Lifetime Achievement Award Winner
 * 1989 RWA Golden Medallion Finalist, Secrets
 * 1989 RWA RITA Winner, Night of the Hunter
 * 1989 Romantic Times, Best Series Romance Author Winner
 * 1989 Affaire de Coeur, Silver Certificate Winner, Night of the Hunter
 * 1990 RWA Golden Medallion Finalist, Devil's Night
 * 1991 RWA RITA Finalist, Broken Blossom, 1991
 * 1991–1992 Romantic Times, Reviewers Choice in Series Romantic Suspense Winner - PINK TOPAZ
 * 1991–1992 Romantic Times Career Achievement Award Winner - Series Romantic Adventure
 * 1994 RWA RITA Finalist, Quicksand
 * 1996 RWA RITA Winner, Single Dad
 * 1998 RWA RITA Winner, Nobody's Princess
 * 1998 RWA Hall of Fame
 * 1998 Romantic Times, Career Achievement Award Winner - Storyteller of the Year
 * 2008 RWA RITA Winner, Born in My Heart
 * 2009 Nora Roberts Lifetime Achievement Award

title: Jennifer Greene


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Telesur (Suriname)

The Telecommunications Company Suriname (Telesur) is the government-owned full telecommunications service provider for Suriname. The services provided by Telesur include telephone, internet and wireless CDMA, GSM, UMTS, HSPA+ and LTE. Telesur is currently running a 900/1800 Mhz GSM, a 2100 MHz HSDPA, and a 450Mhz CDMA EVDO network.

Telesur manages and operates the .sr country code top-level domain.

History
Telesur was founded on May 1, 1945, under the name ’s Lands Telegraaf Telefoondienst (“National Telegraph Telephone Service”), LTT, and was formed from the merger of the ’s Lands Radiodienst (“National Radio Service”), (established in 1925) and the ’s Lands Telefoonwezen, (“National Telephone Entity”), (founded in 1907). Twenty-eight years later, the company's name was changed to ’s Lands Telegraaf Telefoonbedrijf (National Telegraph and Telephone Company). In 1981, the name was officially changed to Telesur. Twenty-six years later, Telesur lost its monopoly position by the introduction of the Telecommunications Services Law in Suriname. In 2008, Telesur expanded its operations to the Netherlands.

TeleG
TeleG is the mobile telecommunication service of the Telecommunications Company Suriname, Telesur. It was released in 2002, to provide in Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) technology.

3G launch
In October 2011, TeleG launched their 3G network. However, in 2012, some of its users faced a bad internet connection or were not able to make or receive a phone call. Later that year they re-launched their 3G network and a better service was acquired. The service was only available in the capital, Paramaribo, and several parts of Nickerie (district), Commewijne (district), Wanica (district), Para (district) and Marowijne (district).

4G launch
On November 15, 2013, TeleG released their 4G network. Telesur was already working on the transition from 3G to 4G. The investment had cost a total of 10 million U$. The 4G coverage would only be available for 56 locations in Paramaribo and Commewijne that year. In the beginning of 2014, Telesur expanded their 4G coverage. At the end of 2014 Telesur reached their set goal; to have total coverage of 4G in all parts of Suriname. The average user of TeleG would experience a download speed of 10MBPS. Next to Telesur, the European-Based network Digicel, has launched their 4G network. The launch took place in July 2014.

Internet
To deliver internet services Telesur used to do that under the trademark name Tele.i. The "i" in Tele.i. stands for Internet, therefore Tele.i. means Telesur internet. Currently Telesur no longer delivers internet services under that name, but just under the Telesur internet trademark name. The internet services that are provided by Telesur are broadband internet, dedicated internet, streaming, web hosting, internet calling, domainname registration.

title: Telesur (Suriname)


text:
Talk:Bungi dialect

mixed language
although I havent read about this, it does not seem clear that it is a mixed language. Mixed languages are relatively rare. Blain seems to think it is a variety of English. anyway, it's good to have an article on this. peace – ishwar  (speak)  21:19, 2005 August 19 (UTC)

 * In the case of a language like this, contemporary forms will be more anglicised than previous ones. --MacRusgail 16:48, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

I don`t see how it could be a variety of English if it is a mixture of Scottish Gaelic and Cree. Perhaps the article should also mention English (which is germanic and therefore quite different from gaelic) or otherwise change it to suit the facts. From what little I`ve read its clear that Bungi was a language in Western Canada, at least during the 19th century. It also seems to me that due to the nature of the fur trade Bungi was probably spoken throughout the Northwest (present day Saskatchewan & Alberta) as well as Manitoba as described here. Does anyone have any thoughts or sources on this? Wyldkat 19:17, 19 July 2006

 * Actually, this article is very incomplete. I will try to update it a little in the coming days.  The two pages in the "External links" section are good sources and have plenty of background on the history of the language.  It appears that this language started as Indians learned English from workers in the Hudson Bay Company (HBC).  Most (if not all) of these workers were Highlanders whose native language was Gaelic but also spoke fluent Scots English.  So the dialect the Indians learned was Scots-English peppered with a lot of Gaelic.  As more and more Scotsmen came, the population of mixed Scots-Indians increased and their speech evolved over a few generations into a pidgin based largely on Scots-English vocabulary with Cree phonology (there were many English/Gaelic sounds that the Cree could not pronounce) and a simplification in grammar of both "parent" languages.  Gaelic had a large influence on the language but through Scots-English as the medium.  The language also contained words of French origin as French traders entered the territory.--WilliamThweatt 23:55, 17 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Well, in spite of the (speculative?) above, it is a dialect of English and not a mixed language or otherwise. – ishwar  (speak)  16:37, 28 June 2008 (UTC)

Interesting startup
More than a stub, but needs work/expansion if possible at all (FYI mix of Cree and Scots Gaelic) once spoken in Manitoba. Skookum1 (8 May 06)

thank you
I just wanted to say thank you for working on this page. Bungee is one of the great trade languages and it is nice to see it actually getting an entry.

Its important to remember the fairly early date for the start of the language in the 18th century, when Gaelic was likely still dominant over Scots in the Highlands. Does anyone know if there was much of an influence from the Orkney's in Bungee? A very large proportion of the HBC recruits were Orkadians.

S! Hrimpurstala (talk) 02:33, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

Pronounciation of the name
Does anybody know how to pronounce this language name, I mean /ˈbʌn.ʤi/ or /ˈbʌn.gi/? --Koryakov Yuri (talk) 09:24, 28 March 2008 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: Pages moved - old Bungi to Bungi (disambiguation)  Ron h jones (Talk) 23:28, 4 April 2010 (UTC)

Bungee language → Bungi — In 5 yrs since page creation, expanded scholarship has preferred “bungi” over “bungee”. This also reduces confusion with “Bungee (jumping)”, removing need for language in title (as precedented in article Bajan). Also, scholarship has revealed “Bungi” to be dialect or creole of English, not a mixed language — further reducing need for language in title. Muckapedia 08:09, 25 March 2010 (UTC)

 * Bungi →

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

In the above, current2 is disambiguation which would be replaced by (already created) “about” hatnote.

External links modified
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Additional sources
I reviewed most of the sources from the original page as I was editing (many of them were not actually cited in the article). One source that I wanted to review but was unable to is this one: Cansino, Barbara. (1980, March 26). Bungi in Petersfield: An 81 year old writes about the Red River dialect. Winnipeg Free Press.

If anyone has access to the archives from the Winnipeg Free Press, I would like to review this article to see where to add it to this page. Littlejohn657 (talk) 23:25, 11 August 2020 (UTC)

remove "creole language"
The sources cited state that Bungi is a dialect of English rather than a creole language:

" Nevertheless, the few linguistic studies there are, show that this language is best characterized as a dialect of English (Blain 1987, 1989, Walters 1969-1970), here and there interspersed with some Cree (from different dialects) and Ojibwe words (cf. Blain 1989: 309-320)."

"It is therefore neither a mixed language nor a new language, but an English dialect associated with retired HBC fur traders and their native families and their descendants."

From the metis museum website

Will be looking into a rename discussion.

--Boynamedsue (talk) 07:31, 27 June 2021 (UTC)

 * Bold edited a move to "Bungi dialect" the sources are really clear about what it is, don't think it will be controversial. Boynamedsue (talk) 07:39, 27 June 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bungi dialect


text:
Latin Mass

Latin Mass may refer to:

 * Liturgical use of Latin
 * Mass of Paul VI in Latin
 * Tridentine Mass
 * As part of the use of preconciliar rites after the Second Vatican Council
 * Some liturgies of the Pre-Tridentine Mass
 * Latin Mass Magazine

title: Latin Mass


text: User talk:69.224.38.253

title: User talk:69.224.38.253


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Pedro K. Nacht

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. Redwolf24 (talk) 02:20, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

Pedro K. Nacht
Unable to find any Google hits beyond two for merely the name. No hits for Sonhos Mechanica either, nor for the autobiography the article lists. Nezu Chiza 21:21, August 19, 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. Ridiculous article.  (Notorious4life 02:47, 20 August 2005 (UTC))
 * Delete unverified. -- Etacar11   03:59, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-notable. Not verifiable.  Possibly a hoax. ManoaChild 12:33, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, as above. --Agamemnon2 14:40, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Dont Delete This article was not really well made and sources are not really cited, but Pedro K. Nacht did do all this. I know because I was at school with him in high school (At EARJ in Rio). Sadly he passed away early in his life, with much still to conquer. I will do my best in getting official sources. --GeekinRio  16:45, 22 August 2005  (UTC) (Vote by, fourth edit, sign in before you post)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User talk:HereToHelp

AppleInsider
I think AppleInsider probably meets WP:RS and thus it seems reasonable that they have their own article. Care to discuss it further? -- Eraserhead1 <talk> 21:57, 20 July 2011 (UTC)
 * Sure. If you look at the PROD concern, it wasn't the reliability by the number of sources present, namely only one that's independent of the subject. You can read Notability (web) for yourself, but it requires multiple sources unless it's won an award (a fact which should be cited itself). I'm also concerned, but less so, about the quality of the existing source, which is seven years old and mentions the site as part of a onetime event. Nothing about what the site is or does on a daily basis is sourced. HereToHelp (talk to me) 22:49, 20 July 2011 (UTC)
 * I don't know what you can write about so I've re-prodded it. I guess if its deleted it should redirect to Apple Rumor Community. -- Eraserhead1 <talk> 07:09, 25 July 2011 (UTC)
 * Technically, one a PROD template has been removed the article can never be rePRODed, but the closing admin might make an exception. If not, it would make for an uncontroversial AfD. HereToHelp (talk to me) 16:42, 25 July 2011 (UTC)

July 2011 Newsletter for WikiProject United States
--Kumioko (talk) 01:02, 24 July 2011 (UTC)

Can you help with this confusion?
I am confused by Wikipedia instructions. I [requested a move], then another user [redirected instead], now what should I do? Prapsnot 2.0 (talk) 06:36, 29 July 2011 (UTC)

Non-free rationale for File:Nanosaur2Screenshot2.png
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If you have uploaded other non-free media, consider checking that you have specified the non-free rationale on those pages too. You can find a list of 'file' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "File" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free media lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If the file is already gone, you can still make a request for undeletion and ask for a chance to fix the problem. If you have any questions, please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Sfan00 IMG (talk) 12:07, 11 August 2011 (UTC)

September 2011 Newsletter for WikiProject United States
--Kumioko (talk) 15:51, 5 September 2011 (UTC)

Talkback
-- Rrburke (talk) 18:18, 6 October 2011 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image File:IPhone 4 in hand.jpg
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Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described in the criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Mosmof (talk) 23:33, 10 October 2011 (UTC)

iPhone 4GS
Can this page be unprotected and/or redirected to iPhone 4S? Cheers. -- Eraserhead1 <talk> 17:05, 16 October 2011 (UTC)
 * Thanks for that. -- Eraserhead1 <talk> 21:15, 22 October 2011 (UTC)

Categories for discussion nomination of Category:Portals needing attention
Category:Portals needing attention, which you created, has been nominated for discussion. If you would like to participate in the discussion, you are invited to add your comments at the category's entry on the Categories for discussion page. Thank you. Ten Pound Hammer • (What did I screw up now?) 20:15, 16 November 2011 (UTC)

Unprotect
Can you please go through your your protection logs and remove any outdated protections, particularly to Apple-related articles? Marcus  Qwertyus   00:49, 4 December 2011 (UTC)
 * These fall into two categories: full protection of nonexistent pages or redirects that sound like, but are not, Apple products, and semiprotection of actual articles. Pages in the former category should remain protected unless Apple releases a product of that name (e.g. iPad 3, about which nothing verifiable can be said -- at the moment). However, I changed the destination of a few of these redirects. In the second category, I notice:
 * Another admin, Courcelles, originally semiprotected iPad due to vandalism. I will unprotect the page.
 * iPod has been semiprotected for more than two years. I unprotected it.
 * iPhone is not protected.
 * Apple Inc. has been protected for more than a year. Unprotected.
 * Edit protection for Macintosh expired in August and apparently there has not been trouble.
 * I feel that Steve Jobs would attract a large amount of vandalism if unprotected, but if you insist we can try it and find out.
 * I reserve the right to reinstate semiprotection if a large amount of vandalism occurs, on a page-by-page basis. I also think that having sysop-only move protection is nothing to be concerned about. This was hardly an exhaustive survey or Apple articles, and I will happily examine any page you name specifically. Thank you bringing the matter to my attention. Cheers, HereToHelp (talk to me) 05:39, 4 December 2011 (UTC)

 * I was thinking more along the lines of IPhone 4gs, iPhone four, iPhone 4 prototype, Original iPad, Smart Cover, and Smart Covers. (I don't see how a small discussion can be made mandatorily enforceable by page protection)

 * To be honest with you, WP:Chrystal is a poorly thought-out policy and it should be interpreted within reason per WP:NOTBUREAU. The policy was originally crafted with the intent of keeping people from publishing their own rumors but "does not put a blanket bar on all speculation from outside sources." After I made a few wording changes to clarify the interpretation of the policy, in a discussion I was not involved in, a few editors got consensus to rewrite the policy with a blanket ban on rumor articles. The new policy does not appear to be within reason. If this shot in the dark, or all these can get an article, why can't iPhone 4S? If we're not supposed to document unacknowledged products then how are we supposed to document unacknowledged government special access programs like Area 51? Marcus   Qwertyus   07:07, 4 December 2011 (UTC)

 * It's certainly a complicated issue, and I don't have the final say. My key concern is that while it may be possible to write a perfectly good article about product speculation, it often (usually) isn't actually done. Instead you get anonymous users creating three different copies of the same article with poor sourcing and abuse of formatting and no experienced user knows they exist and it's just total garbage from a quality control standpoint. That's the situation I'm trying to prevent - not experienced editors coming to a civil, thought-out consensus. More harm is done by people who don't know what they are doing, or don't bother to understand all sides of the issue, than someone who has made an informed decision different from yours. I'm trying to take the raw enthusiasm and shape it into something coherent. How well I achieve that goal is an open question.

 * I'll break your specific pages into three categories. The iPhone 4 redirects will never be worthy of articles, and on the off-chance that changes, they can be unprotected at that time. Unlocking Original iPad could start that whole discussion again, which I'm not opposed to doing in general, but the new consensus needs to precede the changing of the page. Besides, by the precedent of iPhone (original), you'd want iPad (original), and that page is unlocked. As for Smart Cover, you don't even need to start a discussion, just generate enough quality content in the unlocked iPad accessories to show that it deserves a separate article. If you insist I will unprotect Smart Cover, but I really think the accessories page will suffice.

 * Please read item #5 of WP:CRYSTAL, which specifically forbids articles on product announcements. This may be the part that you referred to as "a few editors got consensus to rewrite the policy with a blanket ban on rumor articles," but it actually codifies what I've seen happen naturally. When the iPhone 4 leaked prototypes became so important we had to include them (though I was reluctant), they were part of the history section of the main iPhone article until the iPhone 4 was officially announced. This actually works in your favor: it's easier to craft a well-written and well-sourced paragraph than it is to write a whole article and justify its existence from meager speculative sources. Notice that these are very different arguments from "I must follow policy" (which, secondarily and subject to interpretation, still applies).

 * I'd like to emphasize another nuance of the policy, which is that plenty of topics which should not have a separate article can be mentioned or even discussed at length in articles not solely about them. My recommendation to you is to shift your focus from what articles we do or do not have to what content we have. Notice whether and to what extent it is organized, coherent, easy to maintain, well-sourced, and links to other content when appropriate. Cheers, HereToHelp (talk to me) 04:28, 5 December 2011 (UTC)

December 2011 Newsletter for WikiProject United States
--Kumioko (talk) 02:25, 13 December 2011 (UTC)

Featured picture candidates/Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception of the Holy Virgin Mary
hello,

you opposed the promotion of this picture, but now, as User:Fallschirmjäger retouched the picture, can you take a second look? Thanks. ♫GoP♫ T C N 19:22, 6 January 2012 (UTC)

January 2012 Newsletter for WikiProject United States and supported projects
--Kumi-Taskbot (talk) 19:03, 16 January 2012 (UTC)

MSU Interview
Dear HereToHelp,

My name is Jonathan Obar user:Jaobar, I'm a professor in the College of Communication Arts and Sciences at Michigan State University and a Teaching Fellow with the Wikimedia Foundation's Education Program. This semester I've been running a little experiment at MSU, a class where we teach students about becoming Wikipedia administrators. Not a lot is known about your community, and our students (who are fascinated by wiki-culture by the way!) want to learn how you do what you do, and why you do it. A while back I proposed this idea (the class) to the communityHERE, where it was met mainly with positive feedback. Anyhow, I'd like my students to speak with a few administrators to get a sense of admin experiences, training, motivations, likes, dislikes, etc. We were wondering if you'd be interested in speaking with one of our students.

So a few things about the interviews:
 * Interviews will last between 15 and 30 minutes.
 * Interviews can be conducted over skype (preferred), IRC or email. (You choose the form of communication based upon your comfort level, time, etc.)
 * All interviews will be completely anonymous, meaning that you (real name and/or pseudonym) will never be identified in any of our materials, unless you give the interviewer permission to do so.
 * All interviews will be completely voluntary. You are under no obligation to say yes to an interview, and can say no and stop or leave the interview at any time.
 * The entire interview process is being overseen by MSU's institutional review board (ethics review). This means that all questions have been approved by the university and all students have been trained how to conduct interviews ethically and properly.

Bottom line is that we really need your help, and would really appreciate the opportunity to speak with you. If interested, please send me an email at obar@msu.edu (to maintain anonymity) and I will add your name to my offline contact list. If you feel comfortable doing so, you can post your nameHERE instead.

If you have questions or concerns at any time, feel free to email me at obar@msu.edu. I will be more than happy to speak with you.

Thanks in advance for your help. We have a lot to learn from you.

Sincerely,

Jonathan Obar --Jaobar (talk) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Chlopeck (talk • contribs) 22:48, 15 February 2012 (UTC)

iPad 3
Hello, many rumors have it that the "iPad 3" might be released tomorrow. I have started a document on my computer for it in Word. But when it was released I want to upload it instantly. But I am unable to, because you have created a redirect from the page so I cant edit it. It can currently only be edited by admins. It would be great if you could make this page, "semi-protected", so when it is released tomorrow I can put up the article that second. Thank you.--  Dream Field Arts''  11:23, 6 March 2012 (UTC)
 * I've been through enough of these that I know better than to try and hold back the fans. Try not to go too crazy. HereToHelp (talk to me) 02:08, 7 March 2012 (UTC)

 * Haha, yeah I just added the format, and put a note for people to edit it once product is released have a great day. --  Dream Field Arts''  3:32, 7 March 2012 (UTC)

Smart Covers redirect
The page, Smart Covers redirects to iPad, this needs to be changed so it redirects to iPad accessories like the Smart Cover page does. It you could unprotect it so it can be changed, that would be great. --Astros4477 (talk) 04:11, 9 March 2012 (UTC)

File:Seal Of The President Of The Unites States Of America.png listed for deletion
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Happy Adminship Anniversary
Wishing HereToHelp a very happy adminship anniversary on behalf of the Wikipedia Birthday Committee! Armbrust, B.Ed. Let's talk about my edits? 03:38, 1 April 2012 (UTC)

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unprotect
Could you unprotect Iphone 4g and make it semi. I would like to redirect it to IPhone 4S for the time being and then change that to the iphone 5's when it is released in September. Thanks, Ob tund Talk 02:18, 18 August 2012 (UTC)

Smart Covers listed at Redirects for discussion
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Winter storm naming
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Template:Superceded listed at Redirects for discussion
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Help Project newsletter : Issue 7
The Help Project Newsletter Issue VII - August 2013

Hello from Hong Kong, and the Wikimania DevCamp! Just a quick bulletin to update everyone on recent goings-on:

 * There was a Wikimedia blog post about our experience at the Open Help Conference.
 * Based on discussions at the Open Help Conference, Seeeko, Ocaasi and the wub have drafted a series of guidelines for writing and improving help pages.
 * There is now also a system in place for assessing help pages by quality and importance. See Help Project/Assessment for more details and the two scales we are using.
 * A project collaboration has been started, the first one is focusing on the above mentioned Assessment. Discussions about this are welcome at Wikipedia talk:Help Project.
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 * A couple of other mergers have been proposed:
 * Questions and Requests
 * How to help and New contributors' help page
 * Help:Introduction to talk pages and Help:Introduction to policies and guidelines have both been overhauled and updated to use the new tutorial design.

Suggestions for future issues are welcome at Help Project/Newsletter.

If you don't wish to receive this newsletter on your talk page in future then just edit the participants page and add "no newsletter" next to your name.

-- EdwardsBot (talk) 06:15, 7 August 2013 (UTC)

WP Apple Inc. in the Signpost
The WikiProject Report would like to focus on WikiProject Apple Inc. for a Signpost article. This is an excellent opportunity to draw attention to your efforts and attract new members to the project. Would you be willing to participate in an interview? If so, here are the questions for the interview. Just add your response below each question and feel free to skip any questions that you don't feel comfortable answering. Multiple editors will have an opportunity to respond to the interview questions, so be sure to sign your answers. If you know anyone else who would like to participate in the interview, please share this with them. Have a great day. –Mabeenot (talk) 12:28, 11 November 2013 (UTC)

Nomination for deletion of Template:Oldscipeerreview
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FIRST
Thanks for protecting and reverting the IP on the For Inspiration and Recognition of Science and Technology article. Nothing he added was constructive. I was surprised to see that the protection wasn't to prevent vandalism related to the current FRC season. Chris857 (talk) 00:45, 6 January 2014 (UTC)

 * You're welcome! Yes, it is weird to see fairly generic vandalism given the timing. HereToHelp (talk to me) 01:34, 6 January 2014 (UTC)

Request for comment
Hello there, a proposal regarding pre-adminship review has been raised at Village pump by. Your comments here is very much appreciated. Many thanks. Jim Carter through MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 06:47, 28 May 2014 (UTC)

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A new user right for New Page Patrollers
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A new user group, New Page Reviewer, has been created in a move to greatly improve the standard of new page patrolling. The user right can be granted by any admin at PERM. It is highly recommended that admins look beyond the simple numerical threshold and satisfy themselves that the candidates have the required skills of communication and an advanced knowledge of notability and deletion. Admins are automatically included in this user right.

It is anticipated that this user right will significantly reduce the work load of admins who patrol the performance of the patrollers. However,due to the complexity of the rollout, some rights may have been accorded that may later need to be withdrawn, so some help will still be needed to some extent when discovering wrongly applied deletion tags or inappropriate pages that escape the attention of less experienced reviewers, and above all, hasty and bitey tagging for maintenance. User warnings are available here but very often a friendly custom message works best.

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Arbitration
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Apple Inc. WikiProject Reviving
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Proposed deletion of Actio

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WikiProject Apple Inc.
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MfD nomination of Portal:Nuclear technology/Intro
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ArbCom 2019 special circular

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Administrator account security (Correction to Arbcom 2019 special circular)
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P:mac listed at Redirects for discussion
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Presidency Navigation Templates vs. Biography Navigation Templates discussion
Hello, HereToHelp! Since you are listed as an active member of the United States Presidents WikiProject, would you mind leaving a comment at a project talk page discussion about a series of templates that I created for the presidencies of Lyndon B. Johnson, Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush, and George W. Bush? Another editor and myself disagree about whether there should be a separate navigation template for each Presidency apart from the biographical navigation template. Thanks! -- CommonKnowledgeCreator (talk) 21:45, 9 July 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:HereToHelp


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Patrick Haseldine (0th nomination)

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. Redwolf24 (talk) 02:23, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

Patrick Haseldine
The claims for notability are being a minor cause célèbre for being sacked in 1989, and then writing letters to the Guardian. I don't think that's enough, and I suspect autobiography or something similar is being practiced. David | Talk 21:21, 19 August 2005 (UTC).

 * Dbiv should read the main Pan Am 103 motives section: third motive. This is no autobiography being practised but an important addition to an unsolved mass murder investigation. --- ---
 * He writes letters alleging conspiracies to the Guardian. So what? Still doesn't make him notable. 19 unique Google hits incidentally, many of them articles he has contributed to online publications, most of the rest Wikipedia mirrors. David | Talk 22:29, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

a. he was on all the news bulletins (second lead-item on BBCtv's Nine O'Clock news, read by Michael Buerk) on December 7, 1988;
 * Keep Factual and verifiable article can be written. Trollderella 23:21, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, we can write a factual and verifiable article, but that still won't remedy the fact that he is completely nonnotable. Nandesuka 00:03, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. unheard of. (Notorious4life 02:53, 20 August 2005 (UTC))
 * Keep He adds to the sum of human knowledge. unsigned vote by User:81.154.84.86.
 * Delete NN. Xoloz 20:26, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep re Haseldine's notability:

b. he was dubbed Thatcher's Whitehall Critic by the national press;

c. his case was raised in Parliament by nine MPs: George Foulkes, Richard Cabourn, Dale Campbell-Savours, Bob Cryer, Tam Dalyell, Tony Lloyd, Dennis Skinner, Alan Williams and David Winnick;

d. he challenged his dismissal from the FCO at the European Court of Human Rights at Strasbourg (Haseldine v United Kingdom, 18957/92);

e. he had nine letters published in The Guardian, in eight of which he elaborated his accusation against apartheid South Africa of responsibility for the Lockerbie bombing; and, er...

f. what was David Boothroyd saying about notability? 217.42.134.81 15:02, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Point f is a personal attack which is also completely misplaced as I actually nominated the article on me for deletion. None of the points you make really denotes notability in my view. David | Talk 13:43, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Apologies David if you feel this was a personal attack: it was not so intended. The disagreement is solely over the interpretation of notability: 1. a prominent person 2. being notable: (i) worthy of note; remarkable (ii) distinguished; prominent. The page, as now edited, is significantly different from the one you nominated for deletion. Maybe you want to reconsider?81.154.84.88 18:30, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Definitely Notable. 81.155.208.193 20:30, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Definitely Not NN. 217.42.233.47 00:55, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:Maurer–Cartan form

Who is Maurer?
Who is Maurer in the Maurer-Cartan form? --romanm (talk) 21:22, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

 * It's Ludwig Maurer. Charles Matthews 06:06, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

If G is embedded n GL(n)
We know that $$\omega:T_gG\rightarrow T_eG$$. Quoting from the article, "If G is embedded in GL(n), then $$\omega = g^{-1}dg$$."

This definition confused me for a while. As one would correctly assume, the first $$g$$ is really $$L_g$$, left multiplication by $$g$$. However, the $$g$$ in $$dg$$ is not $$L_g$$, but rather a (local) function $$R^k\rightarrow R^{n^2}$$, where $$k$$ is the dimension of $$G$$. Thus $$dg$$ is essentially the identity map $$T_gG\rightarrow T_gG$$, since $$g$$ in this case takes any point in $$G$$ (viewed in $$R^k$$) to itself (now viewed in $$R^{n^2}$$).

If we were to interpret (incorrectly, as I had) the second $$g$$ also as $$L_g$$, then $$dg$$ would denote a map $$dg:T_hG\rightarrow T_{gh}G$$, in which case the composite $$g^{-1}dg$$, evaluated at the point $$g$$, would be a map from $$T_gG\rightarrow T_gG \neq T_eG$$ (unless $$g=e$$).

 * You can regard it as a formal identity in Rn x n, so that g = (xij) and dg = (dxij). This is useful for concrete calculations.  More formally, g-1 is $$(L_{g^{-1}})_*$$, and dg is the identity map of the tangent space. Silly rabbit 23:37, 16 June 2006 (UTC)

A Simpler Characterization of the Cartan-Maurer Form
A much simpler way of describing (and understanding) the Cartan-Maurer form should be incorporated into the article. The group quotient ($$Q_g(h) = g^{-1}h$$) extends to a quotient operation on the tangent spaces through its differential map $$g^{-1}v = {Q_g}_*(v)$$. This is the algebraic generalization of the Cartan-Maurer Form; which is the special case of this operation restricted to tangent vectors $$v \in T_g(G)$$.

This should also address the issue raised by the previous comment. If the product operation $$L_g(h) = gh$$ is similarly extended to a tangent space operation by $$gv = {L_g}_*(v)$$, then an invariant field $$X$$ is characterized by $$X(g) = g X(e)$$, and the application of the Cartan-Maurer form to it by
 * $$g^{-1} X(g) = g^{-1} (g X(e)) = X(e)$$.

These characterizations apply independently of any question of an embedding into GL(n), though they reduce to the corresponding matrix operations in GL(n), when an embedding exists. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 4.159.174.19 (talk • contribs)

 * I agree that the statement in the article is awkward, and I suppose I assume some responsibility for it. I will see what I can do to make it more palatable. Silly rabbit 14:52, 19 June 2007 (UTC)

 * I think I know why I had introduced the Maurer-Cartan form in this strange fashion. At the time, I was working on a circle of articles dealing with integrability conditions and Cartan connections.  From this point of view, it was desirable to have a version of the MC form which imitated the definition of a Cartan connection by using the right action rather than the left action.  I suppose I never came around to finishing off my revisions here, and the article now needs some rather significant organizational changes. Silly rabbit 15:20, 19 June 2007 (UTC)

Properties
By the definition of the differential, if $$X$$ and $$Y$$ are arbitrary vector fields then

 * $$d\omega(X,Y)=X(\omega(Y))-Y(\omega(X))-\omega([X,Y])$$.

What is the sense of $$X(\omega(Y))$$ here? If $$\omega$$ were a real-valued 1-form then it would be OK, because $$\omega(Y)$$ would be a real-valued function and X acts on real-valued functions. But $$\omega(Y)$$ is now a $$\mathfrak g$$-valued function. How acts X on it? 89.135.19.155 (talk) 21:09, 11 August 2008 (UTC)

 * I have added an explanation. The bottom line is that you can still calculate the Lie derivative of a function with values in a fixed vector space.  Hopefully this addresses your question satisfactorily.  siℓℓy rabbit  (  talk  ) 21:29, 11 August 2008 (UTC)
 * Yes, thank you (really, it was trivial). 89.135.19.155 (talk) 22:02, 11 August 2008 (UTC)

1/2 is missing?
--刻意(Kèyì) 00:02, 28 November 2012 (UTC)

Do you mean that there is 1/2 in the formula $$d\omega + \frac{1}{2}[\omega,\omega]=0$$ but not in $$d\omega(X,Y)+[\omega(X),\omega(Y)]=0?$$ There is no contradiction: by the definition of bracket of Lie algebra-valued forms, $$\frac{1}{2}[\omega,\omega](X,Y) = [\omega(X),\omega(Y)].$$ (I elaborated on that definition a little and added a link to it in the Properties section). Jaan Vajakas (talk) 02:46, 10 December 2012 (UTC)

 * These equations are OK. I suppose I mean the equation
 * $$d\theta^i(E_j,E_k) = -\theta^i([E_j,E_k]) = -\sum_r c_{jk}^r\theta^i(E_r),$$

by duality yields
 * $$d\theta^i=-\sum_{jk} c_{jk}^i\theta^j\wedge\theta^k$$ (2),

the equation (2) is missing a constant 1/2 on the right. But this probably depends on the definition of wedge product of Differential forms.--刻意(Kèyì) 12:08, 10 December 2012 (UTC)

 * You are right. If we do not require j < k then there should be a coefficient 1/2 by the usual definition of wedge product in differential geometry. Now I fixed it. Jaan Vajakas (talk) 13:01, 10 December 2012 (UTC)

 * Hah hah. See also Talk:Connection form This is an endemic problem that one must be careful about. 67.198.37.16 (talk) 00:07, 24 October 2016 (UTC)

Examples needed
This stackexchange post discusses a good example of the Mauer-Cartan form: math exchange — Preceding unsigned comment added by 161.98.8.1 (talk) 20:59, 12 August 2017 (UTC)

 * Hmm. I dunno. It's actually a terrible example. It's a trick question from someone's homework, attached to a mis-understanding. The mis-understanding of the student is that they failed to treat the one-form as a one-form; they just stuck random 'd's in front of things. Worse, the teacher posing the homework problem made it tricky, by intentionally breaking it at x=0, thus forcing the student to think "hmm how do I write a one-form not at the origin?". So not only is it a trick question, but even without the trick, the student still completely bungled the answer. So .. its actually a terrible example.

 * However, point taken: this article could provide one or two worked examples. The canonical example is always SU(2), but some tricky example would be good too. The meta-problem is that wikipedia is an encyclopedia, not a textbook; examples that are worked out in detail tend to become very long, much longer than the base article, and quite tedious to read. Which is why examples are rare in Wikipedia. Hmmm. 67.198.37.16 (talk) 03:53, 3 May 2019 (UTC)

Problematic contradiction
The section Motivation and interpretation contains this passage:

"''A question of importance to Cartan and his contemporaries was how to identify a principal homogeneous space of G. That is, a manifold P identical to the group G, but without a fixed choice of unit element. ... ... ...

"A principal homogeneous space of G is a manifold P abstractly characterized by having a free and transitive action of G on P.''"

But there are plenty of Lie groups G that have manifolds M on which they act freely and transitively, without M being "a manifold ... identical to the group G". For instance if p: Spin(3) → SO(3) is the double covering from S3 → P3, then letting G = Spin(3) and M = SO(3) there is such an action given by the formula g∙m = p(g)m ∊ SO(3).

So these two characterizations of "principal homogeneous space" are contradictory.

I hope someone knowledgeable about this subject can fix this.

title: Talk:Maurer–Cartan form