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François-Honoré-Georges Jacob-Desmalter

François-Honoré-Georges Jacob-Desmalter (1770–1841) oversaw one of the most successful and influential furniture workshops in Paris, from 1796 to 1825. The son of Georges Jacob, an outstanding chairmaker who worked in the Louis XVI style and Directoire styles of the earlier phase of Neoclassicism and executed many royal commissions, Jacob-Desmalter, in partnership with his older brother, assumed the family workshop in 1796. Freed from the Parisian guild restrictions of the Ancien Régime, the workshop was now able to produce veneered case-pieces (ébénisterie) in addition to turned and carved seat furniture (menuiserie). When his brother died, Jacob-Desmalter drew his father from retirement and began to develop one of the largest furniture workshops in Napoleonic Paris.

Furniture in the Empire style produced by the firm of Jacob-Desmalter et Cie ("and Company") in rue Meslée, Paris, mainly employed mahogany veneers with gilt-bronze mounts. Seat furniture forms, of mahogany when they were not painted or gilded, derived inspiration from seats and thrones of Antiquity, recognizable in details from bas-reliefs and on Greek vases. Jacob-Desmalter, principal supplier of furniture to the Emperor, also received commissions from Pauline Borghese, Napoleon's sister in Rome, and the Empresses Joséphine and Marie Louise, for whom he supplied numerous pieces for the Château de Malmaison, the Château de Compiègne, the Tuileries Palace, and other imperial residences. Important commissions included a magnificent cradle built for the infant King of Rome, and the most expensive single item, the jewel cabinet for the Empress, delivered in 1809 for the Empress Joséphine's state bedroom in the Tuileries (soon to be used by Marie-Louise). It was designed by the architect Charles Percier and embellished with gilt-bronze plaques: the central one, according to its original description, depicts the "Birth of the Queen of the Earth, to whom Cupids and Goddesses hasten with their Offerings" by the Empire's most eminent bronzier, Pierre-Philippe Thomire, modelled by Antoine-Denis Chaudet.

Greatly dependent on orders from Napoleon, the firm went bankrupt in 1813, when Imperial debts mounted during the last phase of the Napoleonic Empire. Jacob-Desmalter, however, managed to resurrect the company, and commissions revived after 1815. He continued to run it until his son, Georges-Alphonse, succeeded him in 1825.

title: François-Honoré-Georges Jacob-Desmalter


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List of companies of the Bahamas

The Bahamas is an archipelagic state of the Lucayan Archipelago consisting of more than 700 islands, cays, and islets in the Atlantic Ocean. The Bahamas became an independent Commonwealth realm in 1973, retaining Queen Elizabeth II as its monarch. In terms of gross domestic product per capita, the Bahamas is one of the richest countries in the Americas (following the United States and Canada), with an economy based on tourism and finance. Tourism alone provides an estimated 45% of the gross domestic product (GDP) and employs about half the Bahamian workforce. In 2016, over 3 million tourists visited the Bahamas, most of whom are from the United States and Canada.

Notable firms
This list includes notable companies with primary headquarters located in the country. The industry and sector follow the Industry Classification Benchmark taxonomy. Organizations which have ceased operations are included and noted as defunct.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: List of companies of the Bahamas


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title: File:Rush (1991 film) cover.jpg


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Hannah Billig

Hannah Billig, (4 October 1901 – 11 July 1987) was a British medical doctor who worked in the East End of London. Billig was popular among her patients and her exceptional medical work during the Second World War earned her honours and awards, as well as the nickname "The Angel of Cable Street". After the war, she resumed her medical practice on Cable Street before retiring to Israel, continuing her medical work there until her death.

Childhood
Billig was born at 41 Hanbury Street, Spitalfields, in the East End of London, and grew up around Brick Lane where Jewish friends had taken them in. Her parents, Barnett and Milly Billig, were refugees from Russia, escaping from anti-Jewish pogroms. The Billig family had six children, four of whom became doctors. Her sister was a nurse and a brother Levi was an oriental studies scholar who was shot dead in Jerusalem in 1936. Parents Barnett and Milly encouraged their children to spend their time reading instead of playing in the streets. Her mother stayed home with the children, managing the household, while Barnett worked as a newsagent rolling cigarettes and eventually as a cigar roller. At the age of 11, Billig received a scholarship to attend Myrdle Street Central School in Stepney. She remained at the top of her class which eventually earned her a scholarship to London University.

Early medical career
Billig won a scholarship to the University of London to read medicine. She trained at the Royal Free Hospital and the Royal London Hospital, and qualified as a doctor in 1925. She worked for two years at the Jewish Maternity Hospital in Underwood Street. In 1927, she set up a small clinic near Cable Street, moving her surgery in 1935 round the corner to a Georgian townhouse at 198, Cable Street, where a blue plaque commemorates her work. Billig was also on call as a police surgeon which meant she often had to leave in the middle of whatever she was doing, even surgery. She used to cycle to her patients, with her black bag; later she drove a Morris Cowley car. Billig was fond of children, encouraging them to bring books for her to read to them and letting some carry her doctor bag – which was considered a great honour by the children.

Her daily schedule was based around surgeries in the morning and evening, home visits in the afternoon and the occasional night visit for patients giving birth or falling ill in the middle of the night. The area she was based in was poor and people had trouble affording the consultation and medicine fees. There was not a national health service so it was common for people to delay calling on a doctor until their symptoms were extremely serious.

Second World War and awards
During the Blitz, Billig was the doctor in charge of the air raid shelters in Wapping. During bombing raids, she tended the sick and injured in the underground shelters. On 13 March 1941, Billig was attending to residents of Orient Wharf in Wapping following a bomb blast. An explosion threw her out of the shelter and broke her ankle. After bandaging it herself, she helped to get the others out of the rubble, and cared for them through the night.

For her bravery, Billig was awarded the George Medal. The citation read; "Hannah Billig, M.B., B.S., Medical Practitioner, Stepney. During an air raid Dr. Billig, although herself injured, left shelter to attend to casualties in the street. Bombs dropped within twenty yards of her but for four hours she continued to give treatment to the injured. She showed great bravery and attention to duty, regardless of her personal safety and injuries."

In January 1943 she was commissioned in the Indian Medical Service and posted to Calcutta. Captain Billig was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 1945 New Year Honours for her work in Calcutta in the aftermath of the Bengal famine.

Later years and death
Billig returned to Cable Street and worked within the new National Health Service until her retirement in 1964. In 1962, she was elected as president of the London Jewish Hospital Medical Society. She moved to Caesarea on the coast of Israel and, after learning the language well enough, she worked in Arab villages and Jewish settlements. Billig continued to work into her 80s until her health began to interfere. She died there on 11 July 1987, aged 85. She never married.

title: Hannah Billig


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User:Redgrittybrick

RedGrittyBrick
After being amazed at the depth and breadth of useful information on Wikipedia, I created my Wikipedia account on 14th August 2005 with the intent of contributing positively to Wikipedia in whatever way I can.

If you disagree with my edits, please alert me via a polite comment in my Talk page.

Redgrittybrick 20:04, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User:Redgrittybrick


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John Graham (Manitoba politician)

John Graham (March 9, 1864 – November 7, 1951 ) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1914 to 1920, as a member of the Liberal Party.

Biography
Graham was born in Selkirkshire, Scotland, the son of William Graham and Lillias Riddell, and was educated at Aslekirk, Selkirk and Heriot, Midlothian. He came to Canada in 1890, and worked as a farmer and livestock importer. In 1892, Graham married Elizabeth Heattie. For many years, he was the Manitoba vice-president on the Board of the Clydesdale Horse Association. Graham resided in Carberry during his political career, and was a Presbyterian in religion.

He was first elected to the Manitoba legislature in the 1914 provincial election, defeating incumbent Conservative Robert F. Lyons by sixty-eight votes in the constituency of Norfolk. The Conservatives won this election, and Graham sat as a member of the opposition.

In early 1915, the Conservative administration of Rodmond Roblin was forced from office amid a corruption scandal. A new election was called, which the Liberals won in a landslide. Graham was personally re-elected, defeating Lyons by 163 votes. For the next five years, he served as a backbench supporter of Tobias Norris's administration. He was defeated in the 1920 election, losing to Conservative Reuben Waugh by 217 votes.

He died at home in St. Vital in 1951.

title: John Graham (Manitoba politician)


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Sergey Leontiev

Sergey Fyodorovich Leontiev (Серге́й Федорович Леонтьев, born 9 February 1944) was the Vice President of Transnistria from December 2001 until December 2006.

He studied at the faculty of mathematics and physics of the T. G. Shevchenko University in Tiraspol, Transnistria. He was head of the administrative district of Grigoriopol. He was a deputy of the Supreme Council of Transnistria from 1990 to 2000. In 2000 he became head of the presidential administration of Transnistria. He was not a candidate in the 2006 election, and hence was replaced by Aleksandr Ivanovich Korolyov.

title: Sergey Leontiev


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Palace Moravia

Palace Moravia (Palác Morava in Czech, Morava-Palast in German) is a building in City of Brno, Czech Republic.

In 1926, an architectural competition for the model of a hotel was announced. This was supposed to be built on a place of former music-hall building. World-known architects, including Peter Behrens and Jacobus Oud participated in this contest, alongside home-born architects. Eventually, this place was built over by Arnošt Wiesner by a slightly different complex of buildings. He had to face up to not only a ground plan difficult parcel but also geologically poor sub-soil. During the design, he also worked with structural engineer Jaroslav Valenta.

In the bottom part of the building, there was a commercial zone, a basement cinema, and a bar. A coffee lounge is situated on the first floor with a large terrace attached to it. Thanks to the genial natural lightning in the top area of the building, Wiesner dedicated this part to residential apartments. A contrast of reinforced concrete and raw brickwork is also very interesting. Later, Wiesner linked the building of Moravská zemská životní pojišťovna (Moravian Life Insurance Company) to the whole construction. The project was finally completed in 1936.

title: Palace Moravia


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Country Bear Jamboree

The Country Bear Jamboree is an attraction in the Magic Kingdom theme park at Walt Disney World Resort and Tokyo Disneyland at Tokyo Disney Resort. It was formerly located at Disneyland Park at Disneyland Resort. The attraction is also known as the Country Bear Musical Jamboree at Magic Kingdom (as of 2024) and the Country Bear Theater in Tokyo Disneyland.

The attraction is a stage show featuring audio-animatronic figures. Most of the characters are bears who perform country music. Characters rise up to the stage on platforms, descend from the ceiling, and appear from behind curtains. The theater includes three audio-animatronic animal heads mounted on the walls who interact with characters on stage.

Due to popularity, The Country Bear Jamboree was given a "spin-off" show which appeared during the 1984 winter season at Walt Disney World and Disneyland. It was called The Country Bear Christmas Special. In 1986 it was given a summertime version called The Country Bear Vacation Hoedown. This version was so popular at Disneyland that it became the park's standard edition until the attraction's closing in 2001. In 2002, a movie titled The Country Bears was released which was based on the attraction and its characters.

History
The Country Bear Jamboree was originally intended by Walt Disney to be placed at Disney's Mineral King Ski Resort in California which he was trying to build in the mid 1960s. Disney knew he wanted some sort of show to provide entertainment to the guests at the resort, and he knew he wanted the show to feature some sort of bear band. The project was assigned to imagineer Marc Davis.

Davis, together with Al Bertino, came up with many bear groups, including bear marching bands, bear mariachi bands, and Dixieland bears.

After Disney's death, plans for the show still carried on. The bears would be featured in the resort's Bear Band Restaurant Show, and it was decided that they would have a country twang. But while plans for the show progressed, plans for the ski resort did not. Instead, the Imagineers working on the project decided to place the show in Walt Disney World's Magic Kingdom in time for its grand opening in 1971. Imagineer X Atencio and musical director George Bruns created songs for the bears to sing.

On October 1, 1971, The Country Bear Jamboree opened its doors in the Magic Kingdom at Walt Disney World. It received so much positive feedback that Imagineers immediately planned to make a replica of the show to be placed in Disneyland. The addition to the show in Disneyland inspired a brand-new land appropriately titled Bear Country. Because of the tremendous popularity of the show in Walt Disney World, excess capacity was added to the Disneyland incarnation in the form of two identical theaters, each housing a copy of the show in its entirety. The Disneyland clone of the attraction opened on March 4, 1972.

Due to the huge popularity of the Disneyland and Magic Kingdom versions a third version of the attraction was planned to open at Tokyo Disneyland on April 15, 1983. The Tokyo Version also houses two identical theaters, like the Disneyland version. However, unlike Disneyland, the trophy heads of Max, Buff and Melvin hang on the right side of both identical theaters (in the same arrangement as Magic Kingdom's).

On August 24, 2001, it was announced that the Disneyland location would close on September 9 to make room for The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh.

On August 21, 2012, the Walt Disney World version of the Country Bear Jamboree closed for a nearly two-month-long refurbishment. All the characters in the show received new skin, fur, and costumes. The songs "Pretty Little Devilish Mary" and "Fractured Folk Song" and some of the dialogues were removed, while other songs were shortened. The show is now 4 to 5 minutes shorter than it was before. The shorter version of the show opened on October 17, 2012.

In September 2023, it was announced that the Walt Disney World version would receive a new show titled the Country Bear Musical Jamboree. In June 2024, Magic Kingdom announced that Country Bear Musical Jamboree would open on July 17, 2024.

Bears

Henry – The Master of Ceremonies of the show, Henry is a welcoming and friendly brown bear. He wears a grey top hat, starched shirt front, and a string tie. In some parts of the show, he plays a yellow guitar. It is implied that he and Teddi have some sort of backstage romance. In addition to being the leader of all the bears, he is often depicted with Wendell and Sammy the Raccoon as his sidekicks. He is the grandson of Ursus H. Bear, who founded Grizzly Hall, the venue the bears perform at in Florida.

Gomer – Gomer is a bear who never sings but instead plays his piano, which has a honeycomb on top of it. He is considered Henry's right-hand bear. He was originally brown, but during the Florida 2012 refurbishment his appearance changed and was given dark burgundy fur with a blonde goatee and a hat. In the Country Bear Musical Jamboree, his fur was once again changed to black, which reflects his original concept art by Marc Davis.

The Five Bear Rugs
 * Zeke – Considered the leader of The Five Bear Rugs, Zeke plays a banjo and taps on the dishpan with "a real ol' country beat". He is a grey bear with glasses who wears a tan top hat. He was voiced by Dallas McKennon from October 1971 until July 1975, when Randy Sparks rerecorded his vocals. McKennon's recording as Zeke can still be heard on the 1971 record and the 2003 CD. Zeke's solo song "Pretty Little Devilish Mary" was removed from the Florida version of the show in October 2012.
 * Zeb – Zeb is brown bear with a light brown stomach. He plays the fiddle as well as wears a bandanna around his neck and a derby hat. His wife models fur coats — always the same one — at a nearby boutique, which is why their son Baby Oscar travels with the band.
 * Ted – Ted is a tall, skinny bear who blows on the corn jug and plays the washboard. His fur is brown, and he wears a vest with a brown hat.
 * Fred – The biggest of the five bears, Fred ironically plays the smallest instrument: a harmonica. He is a brown bear and wears blue jeans held up with suspenders as well as a striped red and white tie. To Ted's older brother.
 * Tennessee – Tennessee Bear plays "The Thing" (an upright bass with only one string and a tiny bird sitting on it). He is blonde bear (brown in Tokyo Disneyland) and wears a bandanna around his neck.

Baby Oscar – Oscar appears with The Five Bear Rugs, but plays no instrument, though in the original show he would "beep" his teddy bear twice at the end of a few songs. In fact, he never says a word. He is a brown bear and always has his teddy bear to keep him company. In the 1971 album, it is mentioned that Zeb is his father.

Wendell – Wendell is a hyperactive golden brown bear who plays the mandolin. He wears a blue bandanna around his neck and a light brown hat. He also has a massive overbite and buck teeth. Wendell was originally portrayed as Henry's sidekick, having two duets with him. Wendell's role in the Florida version of the show was severely reduced during the October 2012 refurb when "Fractured Folk Song" was removed, and is no longer mentioned by name. In the Country Bear Vacation Hoedown, Wendell's vacation photos imply he has a wife and son.

Romeo McGrowl (originally named Liver Lips McGrowl) – He is a brown bear and plays the guitar. Since Florida's 2012 refurbishment, he has a messy, unkempt head of long hair in the Florida version of the show. He got his original name, Liver Lips, due to his large pronounced lips, meant to caricature musicians who "croon". In September 2023, it was revealed that he would be renamed Romeo McGrowl when the attraction was reimagined to Country Bear Musical Jamboree in Magic Kingdom. Henry often calls Romeo "Mac", a nickname based off his last name. His original name continues to be used by Tokyo Disneyland in their Japanese Country Bear Jamboree, Jingle Bell Jamboree, and Vacation Jamboree shows.

Trixie – Trixie is a very large brown bear who wears a blue bow on her head, a blue tutu around her waist, and holds a blue handkerchief in her left hand. It is also implied that she has a slight crush on Henry.

Terrence (aka Shaker) – A tall bear with tan fur, Terrence wears a hat, a yellow vest (Since Florida's 2012 refurb), and plays the guitar. He gets his nickname from his signature dance move where he sways his hips back and forth. The original WDW animatronic achieved this effect by shaking the entire platform Terrence was on at the base, causing the curtains to shake violently as well. The Disneyland and Tokyo Disneyland versions of Terrence added an independent hip-swaying mechanic separate from Terrence's legs and torso, allowing the hips to sway much further without shaking the entire animatronic's base.

The Sun Bonnet Trio Ernest the "Dude" – Ernest is a brown bear who plays the fiddle. His nickname, "Dude", refers to his dandy appearance and personality, and is used in the context of the original definition of "dude" (a city dweller unfamiliar with life on the range). Ernest always takes his entire 17-trunk wardrobe everywhere he goes. He wears a derby and a red polka-dot bowtie around his neck. He was voiced by Van Stoneman from October 1971 until July 1975, when his vocals were rerecorded by Randy Sparks. Stoneman's recording can still be heard on the 1971 record and 2003 CD.
 * Bunny – Bunny stands in the center of the stage. Because she and her sisters are triplets, they all have brown fur and wear matching blue bonnets and dresses.
 * Bubbles – Bubbles stands to the audience's left between Gomer and Bunny.
 * Beulah – Beulah stands to the audience's right.

Teddi Barra – Teddi Barra is a unique bear because she never appears on stage. Instead she descends from a hole in the ceiling on her swing, which is decorated with pink roses. She is a brown bear and wears a blue hat with a pink feather (In 2012 of the Florida version of the show, she received a new violet sequined hat) as well as a long pink boa around her neck. She is implied to have a backstage romance with Henry.

Big Al – Big Al is the fattest bear. He is grey with a light grey belly (Though his fur was changed to brown in 2012 in the Florida version of the show) and wears a tan hat and a red vest. He plays an always out-of-tune guitar.

Rufus - Rufus is in charge of changing the scenery and the lights. He is never seen, only his loud footsteps and his heavy breathing as he climbs the stairs to fix something that has gone wrong are heard. While he does not appear in the original version of the show, he appears in all subsequent versions.

Ursus H. Bear - Ursus H. Bear was the founder of Grizzly Hall. He lived from 1848 to 1928, having passed before the time of the original show. The center stage proscenium of Grizzly Hall features a plaque decorated with a Victorian style portrait of Ursus, dedicated to his legacy. In the Country Bear Musical Jamboree, it was revealed that Henry is his grandson (identically resembling Ursus in appearance).

Other Animals
Buff – Buff is considered the leader of the mounted animal heads and is also the largest. He is the head portion of an American bison.

Max – Max is the head portion of a whitetail buck.

Melvin – Melvin, a bull moose head, is one of the animal head trio. He often makes good-natured jokes.

Sammy – Sammy is Henry's raccoon pal who cuddles around Henry's top hat. He acts like a coonskin cap for Henry. In the Country Bear Vacation Hoedown, Sammy gets replaced by a skunk named Randy.

Randy - A skunk who appears in the Vacation Hoedown version of the show. At several points during the show, guests can hear some of the bears yelling about a skunk that got backstage, and eventually Randy finds himself on top of Henry's head. When confronted, Randy says he simply wanted to get into show business, and Henry invites him to join in the show's finale.

Webster - A penguin who appears in the Country Bear Christmas Special alongside Shaker. In the English versions of the show, Webster is frozen in a block of ice and doesn’t speak, instead just rattling around every now and then as Shaker asks him to sing. In the Japanese version, Webster is thawed out and sings with Shaker.

Dolores - Another animal companion to Shaker, Dolores the octopus is found in the Country Bear Vacation Hoedown. She has a romantic relationship with Shaker, but in the English version of the show, it doesn’t work out. In the Japanese version, she is a more cartoony octopus as opposed to the original realistic design, and she sings a love song with Shaker.

At Disneyland, Max, Buff, and Melvin currently reside in The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh, which replaced the Country Bear Playhouse in 2003 (which had closed nearly two years prior). They hang above the entrance to the "Hunny Heaven" room, but riders must turn around in order to see them. The set of Max, Buff & Melvin featured there were the static non-Animatronic figures found in Mile Long Bar.

At the Magic Kingdom and Tokyo Disneyland the three trophy heads of Max, Buff and Melvin hung on the right side of the theater (closest to Trixie / Henry & Sammy). At Disneyland, the configuration was flipped, with the three being hung on the left side (closest to Ernest / Big Al).

Voice Actors
''Note: List does not include Gomer, Ted, Fred, and Baby Oscar, as they never speak in any of the shows. Also, list doesn't currently include Japanese voice actors.''

Synopsis
The show is a continuous string of short country songs sung by the various bears. As each bear sings their song, a curtain opens to reveal them, except in the case of Wendell, Gomer, and the Sun Bonnet Trio (all of whom rise from the center stage), and Teddi Barra (who descends from the ceiling).

The set list for the Tokyo Disneyland version is the original set list for the Walt Disney World and Disneyland versions when the show first opened at both those respective parks. The Disneyland version remained unchanged until 1985 when it converted over to the Vacation Hoedown the next year. The Walt Disney World version remained unchanged until its 2012 refurbishment, when the set list was altered.

Walt Disney World (1971-2012) & Disneyland (1972-1985) Version:

 * "Pianjo" (Don Robertson) – Gomer and Henry
 * "Bear Band Serenade" (Lyrics: Xavier Atencio, Music: George Bruns) – The Five Bear Rugs, Gomer, and Henry
 * "Fractured Folk Song" (Kenneth C. Burns & Henry D. Haynes) – Henry and Wendell
 * "My Woman Ain't Pretty (But She Don't Swear None)" (Frankie Starr & Paul E. Miller) – Liver Lips McGrowl
 * "Mama, Don't Whip Little Buford" (Burns & Haynes) – Henry and Wendell
 * "Tears Will Be the Chaser For Your Wine" (Dale Davis & Leroy Goates) – Gomer and Trixie
 * "Pretty Little Devilish Mary" (Bradley Kincaid) – The Five Bear Rugs
 * "How Long Will My Baby Be Gone" (Buck Owens) – Terrence
 * "All the Guys That Turn Me On Turn Me Down" (Plott & Powell) – The Sun Bonnet Trio
 * "If You Can't Bite, Don't Growl" (Tommy Collins) – Ernest and the Five Bear Rugs
 * "Heart, We Did All That We Could" (Ned Miller) – Teddi Barra
 * "Blood on the Saddle" (Everett Cheetham) – Big Al
 * "The Ballad of Davy Crockett" (Tom Blackburn and George Bruns) – Henry and Sammy
 * "Ole Slew Foot" (Howard Hausey) – Cast (minus Ernest and Trixie, who do not appear onstage, and Big Al, who reprises "Blood on the Saddle")
 * "Come Again" (Tom Adair & George Bruns) – Henry, Sammy, Melvin, Max, and Buff

Walt Disney World (2012-2024) Version:

 * "Pianjo" (Don Robertson) – Gomer and Henry
 * "Bear Band Serenade" (Lyrics: Xavier Atencio, Music: George Bruns) – The Five Bear Rugs, Gomer, and Henry
 * "If You Can't Bite, Don't Growl" (Tommy Collins) – Ernest and the Five Bear Rugs
 * "My Woman Ain't Pretty (But She Don't Swear None)" (Frankie Starr & Paul E. Miller) – Liver Lips McGrowl
 * "Mama, Don't Whip Little Buford" (Burns & Haynes) – Henry and Wendell
 * "Tears Will Be the Chaser For Your Wine" (Dale Davis & Leroy Goates) – Gomer and Trixie
 * "How Long Will My Baby Be Gone" (Buck Owens) – Terrence
 * "All the Guys That Turn Me On Turn Me Down" (Plott & Powell) – The Sun Bonnet Trio
 * "Heart, We Did All That We Could" (Ned Miller) – Teddi Barra
 * "Blood on the Saddle" (written by Everett Cheetham, performed by Tex Ritter) – Big Al
 * "The Ballad of Davy Crockett" (Tom Blackburn and George Bruns) – Henry and Sammy
 * "Ole Slew Foot" (Howard Hausey) – Cast (minus Ernest and Trixie, who do not appear onstage, and Big Al, who reprises "Blood on the Saddle")
 * "Come Again" (Tom Adair & George Bruns) – Henry, Sammy, Melvin, Max, and Buff

Tokyo Disneyland Version:

 * "Pianjo" (Don Robertson) – Gomer and Henry
 * "Bear Band Serenade" (Lyrics: Xavier Atencio, Music: George Bruns) – The Five Bear Rugs, Gomer, and Henry (sung in Japanese)
 * "Fractured Folk Song" (Kenneth C. Burns & Henry D. Haynes) – Henry and Wendell (sung in Japanese)
 * "My Woman Ain't Pretty (But She Don't Swear None)" (Frankie Starr & Paul E. Miller) – Liver Lips McGrowl
 * "Mama, Don't Whip Little Buford" (Burns & Haynes) – Henry and Wendell (sung in Japanese)
 * "Tears Will Be the Chaser For Your Wine" (Dale Davis & Leroy Goates) – Gomer and Trixie
 * "Pretty Little Devilish Mary" (Bradley Kincaid) – The Five Bear Rugs
 * "How Long Will My Baby Be Gone" (Buck Owens) – Terrence
 * "All the Guys That Turn Me On Turn Me Down" (Plott & Powell) – The Sun Bonnet Trio
 * "If You Can't Bite, Don't Growl" (Tommy Collins) – Ernest and the Five Bear Rugs
 * "Heart, We Did All That We Could" (Ned Miller) – Teddi Barra
 * "Blood on the Saddle" (Everett Cheetham) – Big Al
 * "The Ballad of Davy Crockett" (Tom Blackburn and George Bruns) – Henry and Sammy (sung in Japanese)
 * "Ole Slew Foot" (Howard Hausey) – Cast (minus Ernest and Trixie, who do not appear onstage, and Big Al, who reprises "Blood on the Saddle")
 * "Come Again" (Tom Adair & George Bruns) – Henry, Sammy, Melvin, Max, and Buff (sung in Japanese)

Christmas Special
In 1984, the Disney Imagineers created the Country Bear Christmas Special. The show debuted at Disneyland at the Disneyland Resort and at Magic Kingdom at the Walt Disney World Resort in the winter of 1984, while marking the first time an attraction at any Disney theme park to ever receive a seasonal overlay. The show later premiered at Tokyo Disneyland at the Tokyo Disney Resort as Jingle Bell Jamboree during the 1988 Christmas season.

The Disneyland version continued to play every holiday season with its last show playing in 2000 before the attraction closed permanently.

The Walt Disney World version continued to play every holiday season until 2005.

Songs

 * "It's Beginning to Look a Lot Like Christmas" - Gomer and Henry
 * "Tracks in the Snow" - Henry and the Five Bear Rugs
 * "Oh, What a Christmas" - Wendell
 * "Hibernation Blues" - Trixie
 * "Deck the Halls" - The Five Bear Rugs
 * "Rock & Roll Santa" - Liver Lips McGrowl and Gomer
 * "Blue Christmas" - Terrence
 * "Sleigh Ride" - The Sun Bonnet Trio, Melvin, Max, and Buff
 * "Hungry as a Bear" - Ernest and the Five Bear Rugs
 * "The Christmas Song" - Teddi Barra and Henry
 * "Another New Year" - Big Al
 * "Let It Snow! Let It Snow! Let It Snow!" - Henry, Sammy, and the Sun Bonnet Trio
 * "Rudolph, the Red-Nosed Reindeer" - Melvin, Max, and Buff
 * "Winter Wonderland" - Cast (minus Ernest and Trixie, who do not appear onstage)

Tokyo Disneyland Version:

 * "Jingle Bells" - Gomer and Henry (sung in English)
 * "Tracks in the Snow" - Henry and the Five Bear Rugs
 * "Oh, What a Christmas" - Wendell
 * "Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas" - Trixie (sung in English)
 * "Deck the Halls" - The Five Bear Rugs
 * "Rock & Roll Santa" - Liver Lips McGrowl and Gomer
 * "Blue Christmas" - Terrence
 * "Sleigh Ride" - The Sun Bonnet Trio, Melvin, Max, and Buff
 * "Hungry as a Bear" - Ernest and the Five Bear Rugs
 * "The Christmas Song" - Teddi Barra and Henry
 * "Auld Lang Syne" - Big Al (sung in English)
 * "Santa Claus is Coming to Town" - Henry, Sammy, and the Sun Bonnet Trio (sung in English)
 * "Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer" - Melvin, Max, and Buff
 * "Winter Wonderland" - Cast (minus Ernest and Trixie, who do not appear onstage)

Vacation Hoedown
The Country Bear Vacation Hoedown was a summer overlay for the attraction. In Disneyland, it opened in February 1986 replacing the original show. That May, the Magic Kingdom version followed suit. On July 15, 1994, the show opened at Tokyo Disneyland as Vacation Jamboree. It remained at Magic Kingdom until February 1992 when the original show returned. At Disneyland however, the Hoedown remained until the Country Bear Playhouse closed on September 9, 2001.

Songs

 * "The Great Outdoors" - The Five Bear Rugs and Henry
 * "Life's No Picnic Without You" - Trixie
 * "On the Road Again" - Wendell
 * "We Can Make It to the Top" - Liver Lips McGrowl
 * "California Bears" - The Sunbonnet Trio, Gomer, Melvin, Max, and Buff
 * "Two Different Worlds" - Terrence
 * "Rocky Top" - The Five Bear Rugs
 * "Nature" - Ernest
 * "Singing in the Rain" - Teddi Barra and Henry
 * "Ghost Riders in the Sky" - The Five Bear Rugs
 * "I Lost My Way to Your Heart" - Big Al
 * "Thank God I'm a Country Bear" - Cast (minus Ernest and Trixie, who do not appear onstage)

Tokyo Disneyland Version:

 * "The Great Outdoors" - The Five Bear Rugs and Henry
 * "On the Road Again" - Wendell
 * "Achy Breaky Heart" - Trixie
 * "Over My Head Over You" - Terrence
 * "California Bears" - The Sunbonnet Trio, Gomer, Melvin, Max, and Buff
 * "We Can Make It to the Top" - Liver Lips McGrowl and the Sunbonnet Trio
 * "Singing in the Rain" - Teddi Barra and Henry
 * "Mountain Music" - Ernest, Henry, and the Five Bear Rugs
 * "I've Been Working on the Railroad" - Big Al
 * "V-A-C-A-T-I-O-N" - Cast (minus Ernest and Trixie, who do not appear onstage)

Musical Jamboree
On September 9, 2023, it was announced at Disney's Destination D23 event that the show would receive an overhaul. The new Country Bear Musical Jamboree is inspired by Nashville musical revues, with the bears performing classic Disney songs, including "The Bare Necessities", reinterpreted in various genres of country music. A soft opening preview was held on July 10, 2024. It officially opened on July 17, 2024.

Songs

 * "Country Bear Musical Jamboree" - The Five Bear Rugs with Henry, Melvin, Max, and Buff
 * "Try Everything" from Zootopia (Emily Ann Roberts) - Trixie with the Sun Bonnet Trio
 * "Kiss the Girl" from The Little Mermaid (Robert "Big Sandy" Williams) - Romeo McGrowl with Henry, Melvin, Max, and Buff
 * "Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious" (instrumental) from Mary Poppins (Music: Larry Franklin) - Ernest
 * "A Whole New World" from Aladdin (Chris Thile & Allison Russell) - Gomer, Wendell and Teddi Berra
 * "Fixer Upper" from Frozen (Mac McAnally) - Terrence with Henry, Melvin, Max, and Buff
 * "Remember Me" from Coco - Big Al
 * "You've Got a Friend in Me" from Toy Story (David Loucks, A.J. LoCascio, & Isaac Robinson-Smith) - Henry and Sammy with Melvin, Max, and Buff
 * "The Bare Necessities" from The Jungle Book - Cast (minus Big Al, Ernest and Trixie, who do not appear onstage)
 * "Remember Me" from Coco - Big Al (brief reprise)
 * "Come Again" from Country Bear Jamboree - Henry, Sammy, Melvin, Max, and Buff

A version of the show’s set list was made available on music streaming platforms on July 17th, 2024. It features full versions of all the songs in the show except Remember Me. Additionally, A Whole New World is an earlier recording with Thile singing in his regular voice as opposed to doing a voice for Wendell, and Fixer Upper is instrumental.

Feature film
In 2002, Walt Disney Pictures released a live-action feature film based on the attraction, starring Christopher Walken, Daryl Mitchell, Diedrich Bader, Alex Rocco, and Haley Joel Osment as the voice of Beary Barrington. It was Disney's second theatrical film based on one of their theme park attractions and the third overall film based on an attraction following the television film Tower of Terror (1997) and the theatrically released Mission to Mars (2000).

Legacy

 * Chuck E. Cheese restaurants were inspired by the Walt Disney World versions of Country Bear Jamboree and the Enchanted Tiki Room to produce their own animatronic musical shows.
 * In 1977, the Phantasialand theme park in Brühl, Germany would receive "Die Klimbimski-Show." The stage design in setup and detailing was inspired by the Country Bear Jamboree, though it contained a cast of monkeys, bears, and birds as performers. It was the first animatronic show to be produced by German manufacturer Hofmann Figuren. After closing in 1985, this show would be refurbished and relocated to Avonturenpark Hellendoorn where it operated from 1989 up through 2003 as the "Hellendoorn Magical Monkey Show."
 * Hofmann would later create more shows inspired by Country Bear Jamboree including "The Koala Country Show" for Dreamworld in Queensland, Australia (1982), as well as "Le Niglo Show" for Nigloland in France (1991).

title: Country Bear Jamboree


text:
Codec (disambiguation)

Codec may mean:
 * An audio codec converts between analog and digital representations or performs data compression.
 * Codec, a hardware device or computer software used for coding and decoding transformations of data or signal media streams
 * Codec, a fictional radio device used in the Metal Gear games
 * A video codec is a device or software that enables video compression and/or decompression for digital video.

title: Codec (disambiguation)


text:
Marske-by-the-Sea

Marske-by-the-Sea is a village in the unitary authority of Redcar and Cleveland and the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England. It is located on the coast, between the seaside resorts of Redcar and Saltburn-by-the-Sea, although it is not itself a seaside resort. Marske is in the civil parish of Saltburn, Marske and New Marske and comprises the wards of Longbeck (shared with New Marske) and St Germains.

History
Marske is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086. St Germain's Church was consecrated by bishop Ægelric between 1042 and 1056. Marske was amerced 20 marks for its part in the pillaging of a Norwegian vessel in 1180.

RFC Marske
The Royal Flying Corps had a landing strip and schools in Marske, based at Marske Aerodrome. 'Captain' W. E. Johns, the author of the Biggles books, was posted to RFC Marske during part of the First World War, from April until August 1918.

The Bristol M1C Monoplane, The Red Devil, was first flown from this RFC aerodrome. The RAF later administered an airfield here. After the Second World War the site of the aerodrome became an ICI depot and later a housing estate, The Landings, with roads named on an aeronautical theme: Avro Close, Blackburn Grove, De Havilland Drive – leading onto Vickers Lane–, Beardmore Avenue, Folland Drive, Wellington Close, Brabazon Drive, Halifax Close and Lysander Court.

Parish and district
Marske is part of the Saltburn, Marske and New Marske parish. The civil parish area was formerly Saltburn and Marske-by-the-Sea Urban District from 1932–1974. It was formed by the Marske part of Guisborough Rural District and Saltburn-by-the-Sea Urban District.

Wapentake and borough
The area was historically in the Langbaurgh Wapentake, also known as Cleveland. The village was part of a Cleveland namesake county under 1974 reforms until 1996 reforms. The 1974 reforms also placed the village under Langbaurgh borough, it was renamed Langbaurgh-on-Tees in 1988 and (since 1996) is named Redcar and Cleveland.

County and riding
The village's historic county is Yorkshire, in its North Riding. The North Riding County Council was established in 1889, the council was abolished in 1974.

Constituency
Marske is part of Redcar constituency and is represented by Conservative Jacob Young in the House of Commons.

Economy

The majority of the residents of Marske do not work within the village, but work in nearby industry or in Middlesbrough or Redcar. Marske has a range of local shops and a mixture of light industries on the Industrial Estate notably label and barcode specialists Weyfringe. There is also small scale sea fishing using cobles and tractors from the beach.

Landmarks
Marske has two imposing mansion houses.

Marske has its own post office, medical centre, leisure centre and a library. The village has Methodist, Baptist, Church of England and Roman Catholic churches and five public houses: The Frigate, The Ship Inn,* The Zetland, The Mermaid and The Clarendon. The tower of St Germain's church was allowed to remain close to the cliff edge as a prominent landmark for fishermen in the North Sea.
 * Marske Hall* was built around 1625 and was formerly the home of the Zetland family. It was gifted to Leonard Cheshire to be run as a home for the disabled in 1964 and continued as such for the following 55 years, until it was sold as a going concern to a private company in 2019.
 * Cliff House,* which stands on the cliff tops overlooking the beach, was built in the 19th century as a holiday residence for the Pease family, who were prominent in the north-east business community, at the time, and principal shareholders in the Stockton and Darlington Railway. The railway was extended to Redcar in the 1840s and to Marske and Saltburn in the 1860s.

Most of Marske's listed buildings are to be found on High Street, and Redcar Road, but there are a few more on Church Street, Cliff Terrace, East Street, and The Garth.

Winkies Castle

The village has a museum named Winkies Castle, dating back to the 17th century, which is run by volunteers and open to visitors from Easter Saturday each year until the end of September. This is not really a castle but an old half cruck cottage formerly owned by the late master shoemaker, Jack Anderson. There is a story that the house's name comes from Jack's cat named Winkie. The museum puts on rotating exhibitions and has over 6,000 items, including a two-headed lamb called "Bill and Ben".

The building was saved from demolition in 1968 by Jack Anderson when he turned it into a community museum and bequeathed it to the Community of Marske (trustees Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council).It is now run and managed by volunteers and is open three days a week from Easter Saturday until the end of September each year.

Transport
Marske is served by Longbeck and Marske railway stations, which connect to Darlington railway station. The main road through Marske is the A1085 Coast Road and High Street.

Marske is served by the Arriva North East 4/4A, 64/64A, 81/81A/781, and X3/X4 bus services.

Education
Marske-by-the-Sea has three primary schools: Errington Primary School, Westgarth Primary School, and St Bede's R.C. Primary School. Marske is served by the following secondary schools: Outwood Academy Bydales located within the village and Rye Hills Academy, Sacred Heart Catholic Secondary located in Redcar, and Huntcliff School located in Saltburn.

Sport
Marske-by-the-Sea has a Martial Art ITF Tae Kwon Do School. Furthermore, the village has two Football teams; Northern League Division 1 football club Champions, Marske United F.C. and Langbaurgh League Division 2 Champions, Marske F.C., as well as a cricket club, and badminton club.

Notable people

 * England and Yorkshire cricketer Paul Jarvis grew up in Marske. His Yorkshire cc jumper can be found on display in Marske cricket club.
 * Charles Dickens visited Marske in around 1844 to see the grave of Captain Cook's father. An early 20th century memorial, 20–30 yards west of St Germain's tower, marks the approximate location.
 * 'Captain' W. E. Johns, the author of the Biggles books, was based at RFC Marske towards the end of the First World War.
 * Charlotte Hughes, the longest-lived person ever documented in the United Kingdom, lived in Marske.
 * In the 1970s West Indies cricketer Albert Padmore lived in Marske.
 * Middlesbrough Football Club players, Robbie Stockdale and Cameron Park both grew up in Marske.
 * Singer and songwriter Georgina Anderson, who died from cancer in 2013 at the age of 15, came from Marske and attended Bydales Secondary School.
 * Actor-playwright, singer-songwriter Shaun Lawton, was born in New Marske in 1941.
 * Enid Scudamore-Stanhope, Countess of Chesterfield (10 September 1878 – 30 November 1957), heiress and racehorse breeder, was born at Marske Hall.
 * Singer and comedian Paul Vickers grew up in Marske.

title: Marske-by-the-Sea


text: User talk:80.65.247.175

title: User talk:80.65.247.175


text: User:Bach rocks

title: User:Bach rocks


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Salselas

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was speedy deleted by FCYTravis as Copy/paste from pt.wiki. --Blu Aardvark | (talk) 10:34, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

Salselas
Not English text. I don't know Spanish, so I can't be sure whether it's worth moving to the Spanish wiki or just deleting (considering the evident lack of care that went into the entry, I suspect it should just be deleted). Neilc 20:07, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep First, this is not Spanish, but Portuguese (which I cannot read). Second, this appears to be a legitimate entry on a town in Portugal that needs to be reviewed by an appropriate editor who understands Portuguese. The article appears to include a significant amount of detail on the town including history and other information. Upon review, it needs to be moved to the Portuguese wiki.--Nicodemus75 20:48, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, and list on Pages needing translation. If they can't do anything with it, they'll bring it back here. Kappa 21:35, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete, copy and paste from the Portuguese wikipedia. Kappa 21:39, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete. As per Kappa.--Nicodemus75 22:59, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Brunnian link

In knot theory, a branch of topology, a Brunnian link is a nontrivial link that becomes a set of trivial unlinked circles if any one component is removed. In other words, cutting any loop frees all the other loops (so that no two loops can be directly linked).

The name Brunnian is after Hermann Brunn. Brunn's 1892 article Über Verkettung included examples of such links.

Examples
The best-known and simplest possible Brunnian link is the Borromean rings, a link of three unknots. However for every number three or above, there are an infinite number of links with the Brunnian property containing that number of loops. Here are some relatively simple three-component Brunnian links which are not the same as the Borromean rings:

The simplest Brunnian link other than the 6-crossing Borromean rings is presumably the 10-crossing L10a140 link.

An example of an n-component Brunnian link is given by the "rubberband" Brunnian Links, where each component is looped around the next as aba−1b−1, with the last looping around the first, forming a circle.

In 2020, new and much more complicated Brunnian links have been discovered in using highly flexible geometric-topology methods, far more than having been previously constructed. See Section 6.

Non-circularity
It is impossible for a Brunnian link to be constructed from geometric circles. Somewhat more generally, if a link has the property that each component is a circle and no two components are linked, then it is trivial. The proof, by Michael Freedman and Richard Skora, embeds the three-dimensional space containing the link as the boundary of a Poincaré ball model of four-dimensional hyperbolic space, and considers the hyperbolic convex hulls of the circles. These are two-dimensional subspaces of the hyperbolic space, and their intersection patterns reflect the pairwise linking of the circles: if two circles are linked, then their hulls have a point of intersection, but with the assumption that pairs of circles are unlinked, the hulls are disjoint. Taking cross-sections of the Poincaré ball by concentric three-dimensional spheres, the intersection of each sphere with the hulls of the circles is again a link made out of circles, and this family of cross-sections provides a continuous motion of all of the circles that shrinks each of them to a point without crossing any of the others.

Classification
Brunnian links were classified up to link-homotopy by John Milnor in, and the invariants he introduced are now called Milnor invariants.

An (n + 1)-component Brunnian link can be thought of as an element of the link group – which in this case (but not in general) is the fundamental group of the link complement – of the n-component unlink, since by Brunnianness removing the last link unlinks the others. The link group of the n-component unlink is the free group on n generators, Fn, as the link group of a single link is the knot group of the unknot, which is the integers, and the link group of an unlinked union is the free product of the link groups of the components.

Not every element of the link group gives a Brunnian link, as removing any other component must also unlink the remaining n elements. Milnor showed that the group elements that do correspond to Brunnian links are related to the graded Lie algebra of the lower central series of the free group, which can be interpreted as "relations" in the free Lie algebra.

In 2021, two special satellite operations were investigated for Brunnian links in 3-sphere, called "satellite-sum" and "satellite-tie", both of which can be used to construct infinitely many distinct Brunnian links from almost every Brunnian link. A geometric classification theorem for Brunnian links was given. More interestingly, a canonical geometric decomposition in terms of satellite-sum and satellite-tie, which is simpler than JSJ-decomposition, for Brunnian links, was developed. The building blocks of Brunnian links therein turn out to be Hopf -links, hyperbolic Brunnian links, and hyperbolic Brunnian links in unlink-complements, the last of which can be further reduced into a Brunnian link in 3-sphere.

Massey products
Brunnian links can be understood in algebraic topology via Massey products: a Massey product is an n-fold product which is only defined if all (n − 1)-fold products of its terms vanish. This corresponds to the Brunnian property of all (n − 1)-component sublinks being unlinked, but the overall n-component link being non-trivially linked.

Brunnian braids
A Brunnian braid is a braid that becomes trivial upon removal of any one of its strings. Brunnian braids form a subgroup of the braid group. Brunnian braids over the 2-sphere that are not Brunnian over the 2-disk give rise to non-trivial elements in the homotopy groups of the 2-sphere. For example, the "standard" braid corresponding to the Borromean rings gives rise to the Hopf fibration S3 → S2, and iteration of this (as in everyday braiding) is likewise Brunnian.

Real-world examples
Many disentanglement puzzles and some mechanical puzzles are variants of Brunnian Links, with the goal being to free a single piece only partially linked to the rest, thus dismantling the structure.

Brunnian chains are also used to create wearable and decorative items out of elastic bands using devices such as the Rainbow Loom or Wonder Loom.

title: Brunnian link