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Al Del Greco

Albert Louis Del Greco (born March 2, 1962) is a former American football placekicker and a current sports radio personality. After eight years as golf coach at Spain Park High School in Hoover, Alabama, Del Greco was named the head coach of the men's golf team at Samford University on May 2, 2014.

Early life
Albert Louis Del Greco was born on March 2, 1962, in Providence, Rhode Island, U.S. He attended Coral Gables Senior High School in Coral Gables, Florida.

College career
A four-year letterman at Auburn, Del Greco completed 110 out of 111 PATs in his college career. He also set the SEC record for field goal attempts in a single game and field goals made in a single game in a 1982 game versus Kentucky where he made six out of his seven attempts. As of 2016, He and Daniel Carlson are tied for the most field goals in a single game for Auburn at 6. His 236 career points place him fifth on the Auburn career scoring list.

Professional career
Del Greco was the starting placekicker in Super Bowl XXXIV for the Tennessee Titans, which his team lost 23–16. In the game, he made one field goal, which tied the game 16–16. Del Greco finished his 17 NFL seasons with 347 of 449 (77%) field goals and 551 of 554 (99.46%) extra points, giving him a total of 1,592 points. As of 2018, he's ranked 21st on the NFL's list of all-time leading scorers. He was inducted in the Alabama Hall of Fame.

Post-playing career
At Spain Park High School in Hoover, Alabama, Del Greco was the boys golf coach and the football team's kicking coach. His son, Trey was the football team's place kicker prior to graduating after the 2007 season. Trey went on to play golf on an athletic scholarship at Vanderbilt University. In 2003, Del Greco became Birmingham Steeldogs' kickers coach.

He co-hosted "The Opening Drive" on WJOX in Birmingham, Alabama, with Jay Barker and Tony Kurre. The program ended in early 2018.

He is now the Men's Golf Coach at Samford University in Homewood, AL.

Career regular season statistics
Career high/best bolded

Oilers/Titans franchise records

 * Most all-time field goals made (246)
 * Most all-time extra points made (322)
 * Most all-time points scored (1,060)

Celebrity golf
Del Greco has competed at the American Century Championship, an annual competition to determine the best golfers among American sports and entertainment celebrities. He won the tournament in 1998 and has a total of ten top ten finishes. It was in 2000 when Del Greco’s 7 under par 65, gave him the 2000 trophy. The tournament, televised by NBC in July, is played at Edgewood Tahoe Golf Course in Lake Tahoe, Nevada.

title: Al Del Greco


text:
Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan

The Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan Board (Régime de retraite des enseignantes et des enseignants de l'Ontario) is an independent organization responsible for administering defined-benefit pensions for school teachers of the Canadian province of Ontario. Ontario Teachers' also invests the plan's pension fund and it is one of the world's largest institutional investors, acting as a partner organization of the World Economic Forum. The plan is a multi-employer pension plan, jointly sponsored by the Government of Ontario and the Ontario Teachers' Federation.

Ontario Teachers' achieved a 11.1% one-year total-fund net return in 2021 and achieved its ninth consecutive fully funded year.

History
Ontario Teachers' was established on January 1, 1990. Until then, Ontario teachers' pensions had been sponsored solely by the Ontario government. Assets of the plan had been invested in government bonds only. Currently, it invests globally in fixed income, public and private equity markets, real estate, infrastructure, natural resources, credit and venture capital through Teachers' Venture Growth (TVG).

Organization
The plan administers the pensions for some 330,000 teachers, principals, and school administrators, and it pays pensions to some 148,000 retirees. In 2020, $6.74 billion in benefits was paid to members. Ontario Teachers' is headquartered in Toronto, with regional offices in London, New York, Hong Kong, Singapore, and Mumbai. Effective January 1, 2020, Jo Taylor succeeded Ron Mock as President and Chief Executive Officer. The Chair of Ontario Teachers' is Steve McGirr.

Investments
One of Canada's largest institutional investors, Ontario Teachers' reported having $249.8 billion in net assets as of June 30, 2023. It has an excellent track record for investment performance, with an average annual return of 9.4 per cent since inception in 1990.

Ontario Teachers' owns and manages a diversified portfolio of Canadian and international assets. Through its fully owned real estate subsidiary, Cadillac Fairview, Ontario Teachers' owns properties that include the Toronto-Dominion Centre, Toronto Eaton Centre, the Pacific Centre in Vancouver, the Rideau Centre in Ottawa, and White City Place in London, UK. Through its private equity investment arm, Private Capital, Ontario Teachers' owns interests in companies such as Munchkin, PODS, Techem, GFL Environmental, and Shearer's Foods. In 2001, Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan and Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec were the sole two investors in a US$360 million fund raised by Canadian company Cordiant Capital. Ontario Teachers' also owned Camelot Group PLC, which held an exclusive licence to operate the UK National Lottery until January 31st 2024. It acquired a share of the Irish National Lottery in 2014.

Ontario Teachers' owns a substantial portfolio of infrastructure assets, including stakes in Birmingham Airport, Bristol Airport, Copenhagen Airport, and London City Airport, as well as international water and power utilities. Alongside PSP Investments, Ontario Teachers' owns Cubico Sustainable Investments, a leading provider of renewable energy.

From 2003 to 2012, the fund was the principal owner of Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment, the parent organization of the Toronto Maple Leafs, Toronto Raptors, Toronto FC and Toronto Argonauts. The franchise was sold to BCE Inc. and Rogers Communications in 2012.

In 2017, it acquired Mémora Servicios Funerarias, a Spanish funeral provider, from 3i.

In 2019, Ontario Teachers', along with Amazon and others, assisted in financing to help the New York Yankees regain ownership control of their regional sports network, the YES Network, resulting in a minority ownership in the network.

In 2022, the pension fund was targeting investments in India, opening an office in Mumbai in September. It had $178.5 billion in assets total.

In 2021 and 2022, Ontario Teachers' invested US$75 million in FTX and US$20 million in FTX.US respectively, through its Teachers' Venture Growth platform. Following FTX's collapse in early November 2022, Ontario Teachers' stated that it will write off the entirety of its US$95 million investment by the end of 2022.

ESG and responsible investing
On June 6, 2018, a group of global institutional investors, led by Ontario Teachers' and CDPQ, in collaboration with the Government of Canada, announced a project to advance key G7 objectives. Partner Institutions AIMCo, Allianz, Aviva, CalPERS, CDPQ, Generali, Natixis Investment Managers, OMERS, Ontario Teachers', OPTrust, and PGGM pledged to commit resources, expertise and networks to three initiatives: enhancing expertise in infrastructure financing and development of emerging and frontier economies; opening opportunities for women in finance and investment worldwide; and speeding up the implementation of uniform and comparable climate-related disclosures under the FSB-TCFD framework.

On September 26, 2018, Ontario Teachers' joined finance, health and government leaders in signing the Tobacco-Free Finance Pledge (of the NGO Tobacco-Free Portfolios), which commits the pension plan to no longer invest in tobacco companies.

On January 21, 2021, Ontario Teachers' announced its commitment to net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, disclosing that its strategy will focus on financing climate solutions that replace fossil fuels and reduce emissions.

Media coverage
On the January 12, 2004 episode of Rick Mercer Report, comedian Rick Mercer had a short segment about the Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan, in which he humorously contrasted the plan's beneficiaries (i.e. teachers) with the investments the plan had made, including shopping malls and the tobacco industry.

On December 2, 2008, New York lawyer Marc Stuart Dreier was arrested at Ontario Teachers' Toronto offices and charged with impersonating, through his words and by the use of business cards, Michael Padfield, a senior lawyer with the pension plan. A receptionist in the Ontario Teachers' offices had become suspicious and notified Toronto police. Dreier was attempting to close a sale of forged Ontario Teachers' promissory notes, worth US$44.7 million, by meeting with the buyers right in the Ontario Teachers' offices.

A 2012 article in The Economist titled "Maple Revolutionaries" about Canada's largest public pension funds features Ontario Teachers', saying it pioneered a new style of investing in the 1990s by managing more of its portfolio internally and doing more direct investing. Then-Ontario Teachers' CEO Jim Leech called Canadian pension funds a "new brand of financial institution" likened to depoliticized sovereign-wealth funds.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan


text:
John C. W. Reid

John Christie Walker Reid (July 25, 1871 —January 13, 1942 ) was a farmer and politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1910 to 1914, as a member of the Conservative Party.

Reid was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, the son of William Reid, Writer to the Signet, and Elizabeth Geddes Walker, and was educated in that city. He came to Canada in 1889 and worked as a farmer. In religion, he was a Presbyterian.

He was elected to the Manitoba legislature in the 1910 provincial election, defeating Liberal incumbent Robert S. Thornton by six votes in Deloraine. The Conservatives won the election, and Reid served in the legislature as a government backbencher.

He was defeated in the 1914 election, losing his constituency seat to Thornton by 204 votes. He attempted to return to the legislature in the elections of 1915 and 1920, but lost both times to Thornton.

Reid died in Glenwood at the age of 70.

title: John C. W. Reid


text:
Elektra v. Santangelo

Elektra v. Santangelo, 78 U.S.P.Q.2d 1702 (S.D.N.Y. 2005) was a case filed by Elektra Entertainment Group against Patricia Santangelo, a mother of five. In the suit it was alleged that she illegally shared six songs over KaZaA file-sharing network. The suit was eventually dismissed in 2007 with prejudice by a federal judge. The RIAA later sued two of Ms. Santangelo's children. A default judgment was entered against one of them, Michelle Santangelo. Ms. Santangelo's 16-year-old son Robert Santangelo has interposed counterclaims against the plaintiffs, including "failure to warn".

Background
The suit against Patricia Santangelo was filed by Elektra Entertainment Group as one of approximately 13,000 lawsuits that the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) has brought against individual defendants in the U.S before the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. It alleged that Patricia (Patti) Santangelo, a single mother of five based in Wappingers Falls, New York, infringed the copyright of several companies by sharing six songs on the KaZaA file-sharing network. Elektra offered to settle the case for $7,500, but Mrs. Santangelo rejected the offer. She says that she didn't realize that her computer contained KaZaA software, and that the KaZaA account name listed in the suit had never been used by anyone in her family; the name was said to be "similar" to the screen name of a teenage friend of one of her children.

One frequently cited criticism of the RIAA's lawsuits is that they use an assembly line approach to lawsuits, trying to get the same result in every case no matter the evidence, trying to carry out the lawsuits and settlements in the most efficient way, and acting as if lawsuits are a standard part of business. This case is somewhat notable because the judge, the Honorable Colleen McMahon, appears to agree with some of those criticisms in a dialog with Mike Maschio, an RIAA attorney:

"THE COURT: Well, I think it would be a really good idea for you to get a lawyer, because I would love to see a mom fighting one of these.

MR. MASCHIO: I'll give her my card, but our instructions are for these people to deal with the conference settlement center. They had discussions.

THE COURT: I'm sorry. Your instructions from me, the Judge are that, if she appears with a lawyer, her lawyer will deal with you.

MR. MASCHIO: No, all I was suggesting, your Honor, is that, if she doesn't come with an attorney, that the more direct way of doing this—and this is just to facilitate things—is to deal directly with the conference center.

THE COURT: Not once you've filed an action in my court. ... You file an action in my court, your conference center is out of it. They have nothing to do with anything. ... You're taking up my time and cluttering up my calendar, so you will do it in the context of the Court. ... And if your people want things to be done through the conference center, tell them not to bring lawsuits."

Mrs. Santangelo originally appeared in court without a lawyer. She was later represented by Ray Beckerman of Beldock Levine & Hoffman LLP. For a brief period she appeared pro se again, and since then has been represented by Jordan Glass of Valhalla, New York. Her former lawyer Beckerman commented "I'm sure she's going to win. I don't see how they could win. They have no case. They have no evidence she ever did anything."

During the proceedings for their Motion to Dismiss, after the oral argument of the motion, the RIAA's lawyers asked for a second oral argument. According to Ray Beckerman this was unusual:

"I would say that asking for a second oral argument is unusual, because (a) in almost 31 years of working in litigation I’ve never heard of anyone doing it, and (b) the very asking for it is an admission that the first oral argument was lost."

p2pnet.net, whose readers raised a total of more than $15,000 to help Mrs Santangelo with her legal expenses, ran an interview with her in 2005. In it, she declared,

"Don’t let your fear of these massive companies allow you to deny your belief in your own innocence. Paying these settlements is an admission of guilt. If you’re not guilty of violating the law, don’t pay."

RIAA Response
The RIAA contends that illegally shared files were found on a computer with an IP address connected to Ms. Santangelo, and that this is sufficient grounds for continuing to pursue the lawsuit. In a CNN American Morning interview, Miles O'Brien discussed the case with Ms. Santangelo and RIAA President Cary Sherman. The following excerpts from a transcript of the interview summarize the RIAA's position:

"... We were disappointed that Ms. Santangelo didn't take advantage of an opportunity to get rid of this case quickly, as most people have when they find that somebody in their household or somebody using their computer was in the wrong.

And we tried to be very fair and reasonable about this and take these matters up on a case-by-case basis. But the important thing is to get the message out there that ... uploading or downloading music without authorization on the Internet is illegal.

[S]omebody has to assume responsibility for what's happening with kids. And I think parents need to have some kind of conversation with their kids about how to use the computer the right way and the wrong way.

[T]he reality is that an overwhelming number of people who have been sued tell us the same story, that they didn't know what was going on, they didn't know it was illegal, and so on and so forth.

In this case, if Ms. Santangelo did not do this, then she should tell us who did, and we would modify the complaint accordingly.

We had one grandfather who had those kids work off the amount that he paid to settle as a way of teaching them a lesson and making this a family event."

Case details
A motion to dismiss has been filed, stating that "the Courts have consistently required specific acts of copying, and the dates and times of those acts", and the complainant isn't providing those. The plaintiff's response is that the specific files were listed, and that specific times of violations aren't needed, because there is "an ongoing and continuous infringement". This is in conflict with Mrs. Santangelo's statements on the record that the computer's disk has been reformatted because of "a lot of major viruses", and that her ex-husband is now in possession of the computer. RIAA then made the unusual request to have a second oral argument session and to submit an additional surreply. The motion to dismiss the case was denied on 28 November 2005.

Then Elektra sought to dismiss the case "without prejudice" but the Court denied the motion, saying that the RIAA could either dismiss the case with prejudice or proceed to trial. On April 9, 2007, a stipulation of discontinuance with prejudice was entered. Three days later the case was dismissed by a federal judge with prejudice, which means that Santangelo was the prevailing party and therefore eligible to file a motion to recover attorneys' fees.

Elektra proceeded to file suits against Santangelo's son and daughter (Robert and Michelle) based on evidence obtained during the original proceedings. According to legal documents Michelle Santagelo did not respond to this case and a default judgment of $30,750 was approved in favor of Elektra/RIAA.

Robert, however, has not settled. He is also represented by Jordan Glass and is raising 32 defenses including arguments that he didn't send copyrighted files to others, the recording companies originally promoted file sharing, the statute of limitations had passed, and that all of the music on his computer had been owned on CD by his sister. He is counter-suing the record companies for violating antitrust laws, conspiring to defraud the courts, and making extortionate threats.

External links and sources

 * RIAALawsuits.us - Documents from the case
 * MTV News - Single Mother Of Five Takes On RIAA In Downloading Case
 * Corante Copyfight weblog - an interview with Ray Beckerman
 * Interview with the RIAA Mom - Sept 6, 2005 MP3 Newswire article
 * Mom Fights RIAA Suit Solo
 * News report compilation, including RIAA President's response: WMV format Google Video

title: Elektra v. Santangelo


text:
Talk:The Bubble Boy (Seinfeld)

Untitled
just created a basic outline. needs more work. User:Kane5187

Notability
B.Wolterding tagged this article for "notability concerns - this article is mainly a plot summary" on 22 March. I have removed the tag because the content limitations of the article (all plot, little depth) are irrelevant to the notability of the subject matter. When you consider that there is a Seinfeld Wikiproject, which itself has not been challenged for notability, then the notability of episode pages is beyond question. If the episode pages are not notable, then you need to challenge the validity of the Wikiproject altogether. Darcyj (talk) 08:14, 6 April 2008 (UTC)
 * The guideline WP:N applies to article topics, not to WikiProjects. Since the article does not show that multiple independent sources have written about this particular episode, I still think it fails the guideline. Rather than sourced information, the article contains (as I said) mainly a plot summary, cf. WP:NOT. Whether a WikiProject exists or not is irrelevant in that respect - anybody can found or join a project, and they don't override Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. --B. Wolterding (talk) 12:26, 16 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Fair comments, and perhaps (therefore) there needs to be an extension of WP:N to projects. Since writing my comments above, I also discovered Television episodes and read the notability guidelines more closely.  My new question would be: How do you cite independent sources if their transient nature (eg, commentary in newspaper entertainment supplements) means that those sources are now (a) difficult to track down, and (b) almost impossible to verify because hard copies of the source are rare?  In respect of this particular subject - The Bubble Boy - I am fairly certain I have seen reviews and commentary in TV guides, weekend magazines, etc etc, but I'm buggered if I can remember a date or edition number; nevertheless, it would be the case that every Seinfeld episode has been covered in this way, even if briefly.  A research effort of herculean proportions would be needed to identify primary source material for every episode, even though everyone knows that the episode exists and is familiar with its features and characteristics.  Thoughts? Darcyj (talk) 08:55, 17 April 2008 (UTC)

Trivia
Someone deleted my contribution to the article (see history) because it was "unsubstantiated" and "non-germane". I added trivia information about the diner, where Elaine and Jerry end up on their was to the bubble boy. It's the same set as "Reggie's" (the bizarro coffee shop)... "unsubstantiated": you just have to watch the episodes! and "non-germane": When is trivia ever germane? Unless someone gives me a good reason why not, I am going to put it back in in a few days.

-GL (Feb. 27th 2010) (sry for the form, I'm a wiki-noob) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.202.90.253 (talk) 06:36, 27 February 2010 (UTC)
 * Sources are always good. Lots42 (talk) 14:59, 29 April 2010 (UTC)

computer virus
why is the computer virus in an article about a seinfeld episode instead of it's own article? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 174.91.92.138 (talk) 05:56, 22 August 2011 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

No consensus to move. Vegaswikian (talk) 19:59, 26 October 2011 (UTC)

The Bubble Boy (Seinfeld) → The Bubble Boy – This appears to be the only Wikipedia article about a topic called "The Bubble Boy." Theoldsparkle (talk) 20:56, 19 October 2011 (UTC)

 * Oppose. One of many recent suggestions to remove information that is immediately useful to readers, by a narrow application of current guidelines. Nothing is lost by keeping the qualifier. Leave a good title alone, please. See also, in any case, the de facto disambiguation page Boy in the bubble, and Bubble Boy. It is ridiculous to rely so heavily on anything so tenuous as lower- and upper-casing, or presence of "the", to assist readers. Bubble Boy itself should be moved to Bubble Boy (film). N oetica Tea? 23:40, 19 October 2011 (UTC)
 * Oppose; not the primary topic. The Bubble Boy is properly a redirect to the disambiguation page.  Powers T 23:43, 19 October 2011 (UTC)
 * Oppose, not the primary topic, per Powers. --Born2cycle (talk) 00:14, 20 October 2011 (UTC)
 * Oppose not primary, it should redirect to the most famous real life bubble boy. 65.94.77.11 (talk) 05:29, 22 October 2011 (UTC)
 * Procedural note. This and another RM (see Talk:Bubble_Boy) were listed and are being considered separately. The mechanism of multiple RMs is available for good reasons, but unfortunately it is not being used in this obvious case. Editors might like to visit that other RM as well. N oetica Tea? 21:38, 23 October 2011 (UTC)
 * It's not clear to me, when you mourn that the multiple-RM mechanism was not used, whether you realize that these two moves were proposed by different users, at different times, without any sort of coordination. I proposed the move of this page, but I had absolutely nothing to do with the other, similar proposal that was initiated three days later. (I also don't particularly think it would have been helpful to propose the two moves together, as this move is suggesting that the boy-in-a-bubble is not the primary topic for "The Bubble Boy.", and the other move is suggesting that the boy-in-a-bubble is the primary topic for "Bubble Boy".) Theoldsparkle (talk) 14:44, 24 October 2011 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

title: Talk:The Bubble Boy (Seinfeld)


text:
Portal:Finland/Featured article

Turku (Åbo ) is a city in Finland, founded in the 13th century. Turku is the fifth largest city in Finland, with a population of 174 824 (2004), and is located in the south-west of the country at the mouth of the Aura river. It is the capital city of both the region of Finland Proper and the province of Western Finland, as well as being the centre of the country's third largest urban area with over 300,000 inhabitants.

Turku is the oldest city in Finland, having been founded on an as of yet undetermined date during the late 13th century. It has a long history as the country's largest city and administrative centre, but has during the last two centuries lost that status to Helsinki. As a remnant of its long history, the city hosts a number of important historical landmarks, such as the Turku Castle and the Cathedral of Turku. It also has one of the largest Finland-Swedish populations in the country.

Due to the city's location, the sea is also an important part of its history and present. Today the Port of Turku is possibly the most important seaport in the whole of Finland.

title: Portal:Finland/Featured article


text:
Carol Tyler

Carol Tyler (born November 20, 1951) is an American painter, educator, comedian, and eleven-time Eisner Award-nominated cartoonist known for her autobiographical comics. She has received multiple honors for her work including the Cartoonist Studio Prize, the Ohio Arts Council Excellence Award, and was declared a Master Cartoonist at the 2016 Cartoon Crossroads Columbus Festival at the Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum.

Biography
Born and raised in Chicago, Illinois, she attended Catholic schools, K -12, and Middle Tennessee State University where she achieved a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree. Tyler became interested in the underground comics movement while pursuing a master's degree in painting at Syracuse University in the early 1980s. This interest brought her to the underground comics hotbed of San Francisco.

Her first comics publication was the 1987 story "Uncovered Property", in Weirdo. Tyler's short slice-of-life stories and her distinctive artwork brought her critical attention as one of a growing number of female artists shaping the direction of underground/alternative comics in North America in the 1980s; she appeared in the influential feminist anthologies Wimmen's Comix and Twisted Sisters. Her first solo book, The Job Thing, was published in 1993. She produced short comics for publications including LA Weekly, Pulse (Tower Records), Strip AIDS, Heck, and Zero Zero.

Tyler also performed live comedy with the Rick & Ruby Patio Show at LA's The Comedy Store, the Great American Music Hall in San Francisco, and the Clunie Center in Sacramento.

Her second solo work, Late Bloomer, was published by Fantagraphics in 2005. It's a career highlight collection including both previously published and new material. In his foreword, Robert Crumb says, "She's tops in my book. One of the best artists alive and working in the comics medium. Her work has the extremely rare quality of authentic HEART. Hers are the only comics that ever brought me to the verge of tears."

Tyler's most recent completed project was "Fab4 Mania" about the author's Beatles obsession when she was 13. The book is a slice-of-life, and leads up to her seeing them perform live at Chicago's Comiskey Park in 1965. (Fantagraphics, 2018). Before that, in 2015, the You'll Never Know trilogy was combined in to one volume called "Soldier's Heart: The Campaign to Understand My WWII Veteran Father, A Daughter's Memoir. "Soldier's Heart/You'll Never Know" is about her search for the truth about what happened to her father during World War II, and also about the damage his war had on her future relationships. The New York Times called it " a vivid, affecting, eccentrically stylish frame built around a terrible silence". Book One: A Good & Decent Man was released in May 2009. Book Two: Collateral Damage was released in July 2010. The final installment of the trilogy, Book Three: Soldier's Heart, was released in October 2012.

Tyler taught a comics class at the University of Cincinnati College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning from 2006 - 2019. Her primary focus was teaching students the methods and techniques of comic creation. In teaching the history of comics "Tyler can pull out almost the entire history of comics in this country, everything from 1930s classics to 1950s comic magazines teaching aspects of African American history (regarding Harriet Tubman and Crispus Attucks) to an original of the first issue of the iconoclastic Mad Magazine." She has also brought her current book theme, military service, into the classroom.

Another cartooning endeavor was a series of one-page stories called "Tomatoes" for Cincinnati magazine. Based upon her experiences of growing tomatoes and friendships in the heart of the city, "Tomatoes" appears monthly on the publication's inside back page.

Tyler was a 2016 Civitella Ranieri residency fellow. She is also a Residency artist through the Arts Learning Program with the Ohio Arts Council.

In 2016, Tyler spoke at the Billy Ireland Cartoon Art Museum on "... the unique challenges of autobiographical storytelling set in real time with real characters." She also spoke at The Society of Illustrators.

DAAP Galleries staged a major one-woman exhibit of Tyler's work which included "...written entries of her ascent into illustration, accompanied by artworks and sketches from throughout her career," and "...eclectic 3-D creations...A flashing, multicolored light inside of a star rotates along one wall. An interactive piece called the "Ego-Meter" asks viewers to pull a string that raises a wooden face up the meter. A creepy baby doll spins around on a stick...an excellent job of showcasing an inspirational artist and professor at UC".

In 2017 she gave a talk about her process of creating Soldier's Heart at the Library of Congress, titled "Comics to a 'T".

In 2020, Carol Tyler's work was chosen to be a part of the Society of Illustrators Museum exhibit "Women in Comics: Looking Forward, Looking Back".

From November 5–20, 2021, "Shaping Grief: Carol Tyler's Mourning Mind" an interactive art experience was featured at the DSGN Collective in Cincinnati, OH. It was composed of comics, repurposed objects, murals, mobiles, and a giant mourning bonnet which served as a gateway through which people would walk to observe the exhibit. The artwork and bonnet are part of her upcoming book "The Ephemerata: Shaping the Exquisite Nature of My Grief".

Carol Tyler and her late husband Justin Green are the subject of the documentary film "Married to Comics" which presented in 2023 at the Small Press Expo event feature at the AFI Silver Theater and Culture Center.

Personal life
Tyler lives in Cincinnati. She has lived there with her husband from 1997 until his death, the cartoonist Justin Green (1945–2022). Before that, they were in Sacramento. They met and lived in San Francisco in the early 1980s and have a child, Julia Green. Her brothers are Olympic bobsledders Joe Tyler and Jim Tyler.

Awards
In 2016, Carol Tyler received the Cartoonist Studio Prize from the Slate Book Review. With fellow recipient Sergio Aragones, she accepted the Master Cartoonist Award from Cartoon Crossroads Columbus.

You'll Never Know, Book I: A Good & Decent Man, Book II: Collateral Damage, and Book III: Soldier's Heart have been nominated for many awards in the comics industry, including eleven Eisner Award nominations for Best writer/artist non-fiction, Best graphic album, Best Lettering and Best Painter/Multimedia Artist, 2 Harvey Awards, and 2 Ignatz Awards. The series was named as a finalist for the 2011 Los Angeles Times Book Prize. In 2016, "A Soldier's Heart" brought Tyler another nomination for an LA Times Book Prize. It also received an Ohio Arts Council Excellence Award.

In 2010, it was named one of "The Most Memorable Comics & Graphic Novels of 2010" by NPR's Glen Weldon. It ranked #5 on Rob Clough's Top 50 Books of 2010 at High-Low. It also made the "Best of 2010" lists at Comic Book Resources, Robot 6, and Politics and Prose. Best American Comics listed it as a "notable comic" in 2011.

Tyler's piece "The Hannah Story", published in Drawn & Quarterly, was nominated for a 1995 Eisner Award and is on the Fantagraphics list of Top 100 Comics of the Twentieth Century.

In 1988, Tyler was awarded the inaugural Dori Seda Memorial Award for Best New Female Cartoonist from Last Gasp.

Graphic novels

 * Fab4 Mania: A Beatles Obsession and the Concert of a Lifetime. Fantagraphics, 2018. ISBN 978-1-68396-061-4
 * Soldier's Heart: The Campaign to Understand My WWII Veteran Father. Fantagraphics, 2015. ISBN 978-1-60699-896-0
 * You'll Never Know: Book III: "Soldier's Heart". Fantagraphics, 2012. ISBN 978-1-60699-548-8
 * You'll Never Know: Book II: "Collateral Damage". Fantagraphics, 2010. ISBN 978-1-60699-418-4
 * You'll Never Know: Book I: "A Good and Decent Man". Fantagraphics, 2009. ISBN 978-1-60699-144-2
 * Late Bloomer. Fantagraphics Books, 2005. ISBN 1-56097-664-0
 * The Job Thing. Fantagraphics Books, 1993. ISBN 1-56097-111-8

Comics and magazines

 * Weirdo
 * Wimmen's Comix
 * Street Music
 * Zero Zero
 * Mineshaft Magazine
 * Prime Cuts
 * LA Weekly
 * Drawn & Quarterly
 * Tower Records' Pulse!

title: Carol Tyler


text:
Category:Mythological hybrids

Legendary creatures or mythological figures who are a cross between two or more distinct species.

title: Category:Mythological hybrids


text:
Dominic Couzens

Dominic Couzens is a leading nature writer, tour leader and lecturer based in the UK. He is the named author on 45 books, writes three regular magazine columns, and to date, has had more than 700 published articles.

He contributes regularly to Bird Watching and BBC Wildlife magazines; and is also a professional field trip guide. His books The Secret Lives of Garden Birds, The Secret Lives of British Birds, and The Secret Lives of Garden Wildlife all received praise, with the former selected by The Guardian as one of the best wildlife books of 2004, an accolade also received by the Secret Lives of British Birds, and the latter picked as one of the best new nature books of Spring 2008 by The Times.

In 2021, Couzens was awarded with the Dilys Breese Medal of the British Trust for Ornithology.

He is based in Dorset.

Regular Magazine Columns

 * Bird Watching Magazine (Bauer) – Regular and in every issue since 2000. Dominic's current column is called “Dominic Couzens on…” and features a different bird each month.
 * Nature’s Home (RSPB) – Dominic has written in each issue since 2014. His current column is entitled, “Secret Lives".
 * Water Life (Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust) – Current column entitled, “Spotter’s Guide”.

Other Magazines and Newspapers

 * The Guardian Country Diary – (July 2021)
 * Maxim (US) – (June 2020)
 * BBC Wildlife
 * BBC Countryfile Magazine

Books

 * 2024: A Little Bird Told Me (Gaia, October, co-authored with Charlie Bingham)
 * 2024: RSPB Birding Year (Bloomsbury, October, co-authored with Sîan Duncan)
 * 2024: An Insect a Day (Batsford, co-authored with Gail Ashton)
 * 2024: ID Guide to Trees of Britain and North-west Europe" [co-authored with Gail Ashton] John Beaufoy Publishing. (March 2024)
 * 2024: A Year of Garden Bees and Bugs (Batsford, March 2024, co-authored with Gail Ashton)
 * 2024: Hidden Life of Garden Birds, Gaia (January 2024, a beefed-up reissue of Garden Bird Confidential 2011)
 * 2023: Birdwatcher’s Garden Bird Puzzle Book, Gaia (October 2023)
 * 2023: ID Guide to Garden Birds of Britain and North-west Europe [co-authored with Carl Bovis] John Beaufoy Publishing. (July 2023)
 * 2022: Great British Birdwatcher’s Puzzle Book, Gaia (October 2022)
 * 2022: A Year of Birdsong Pavilion (September 2022)
 * 2022: ID Guide to Garden Insects of Britain and North-west Europe [co-authored with Gail Ashton] John Beaufoy Publishing. (June 2022)
 * 2021: Save Our Species, Collins
 * A Year of Birdsong – (2022), Pavilion
 * ID Guide to Garden Insects of Britain and North-west Europe – (2022), [co-authored with Gail Ashton] (forthcoming) John Beaufoy Publishing
 * Save Our Species – (2021), Collins
 * The Collins Garden Birdwatcher's Bible, – (2021), [co-authored] Collins
 * A Bird a Day, (2020), Pavilion
 * 100 Birds to See in Your Lifetime, (2019), [co-authored], Carlton (2nd edition)
 * Wild and Free, (2018), AA Publishing
 * Britain's Mammals: A Field Guide to the Mammals of Britain and Ireland (WildGuides), (2017), [co-authored], Princeton
 * Songs of Love and War (The Dark Heart of Bird Behaviour), (2016), Bloomsbury
 * The British Wildlife Year, (2015), Hale
 * Extreme Animals, (2015), New Holland
 * Top 100 Birding Sites of the World, (2015), New Holland (USA edition)
 * Tales of Remarkable Birds, (2015), Bloomsbury
 * Birds: ID Insights, (2014), Bloomsbury
 * The Secret Lives of Puffins, (2013), Bloomsbury
 * The Crossley ID Guide, Britain and Ireland, (2013), [co-authored], Princeton
 * A Patch Made in Heaven (A Year of Birdwatching in One Place), (2013), Hale
 * Color Yourself Smart: Dinosaurs, (2012), Thunder Bay Press
 * Garden Bird Confidential, (2011), Hamlyn, ISBN 978-0-600-62052-5
 * Top Birding Sites of Europe, (2011), New Holland, ISBN 978-1-84773-767-0
 * Color Yourself Smart: Birds of North America, (2011), Thunder Bay Press
 * Atlas of Rare Birds, (2010), MIT Press, ISBN 978-0-262-01517-2
 * My Family and 50 Other Animals, (2009), Andre Deutsch
 * Top 100 Birding Sites of the World, (2008), New Holland, ISBN 978-1-84773-109-8
 * Extreme Birds: From the fastest to the smartest, (2008), Collins, ISBN 978-0-00-727923-4
 * Secret Lives of Garden Wildlife, (2008), A&C Black, ISBN 978-0-7136-8534-3
 * The Complete Illustrated Encyclopaedia of British and European Birds, (2008), [co-authored], Flame Tree
 * The Complete Illustrated Encyclopaedia of North American Birds, (2008), [co-authored with several], Metro
 * Secret Lives of British Birds, (2006), Bloomsbury/RSPB, ISBN 0-7136-7513-6
 * Collins Discover Birdwatching, (2006), [co-authored with Rob Hume], Smithsonian, ISBN 978-0-00-711112-1
 * Collins Birds: A Complete Guide to all British and European Species, (2005), Collins
 * Identifying Birds by Behaviour, (2005), Collins, ISBN 0-00-719922-8
 * Bird Migration, (2005), New Holland, ISBN 1-84330-970-X
 * The Complete Back Garden Birdwatcher, (2005), New Holland, ISBN 1-84330-959-9
 * Secret Lives of Garden Birds, (2004), Bloomsbury/RSPB, ISBN 978-0-7136-9286-0
 * Unusual Birds, World of Animals 20, (2003), Grolier
 * The Birdwatcher's Logbook, (2003), New Holland
 * Tropical Forest Birds, World of Animals 19, (2003), Grolier
 * Seed, Fruit and Nectar-eating Birds, World of Animals 16, (2003), Grolier
 * Animal, (2003), [co-authored], Dorling Kindersley
 * Wings Guide to British Birds, (1997), Collins, ISBN 978-0-00-220069-1
 * The Mitchell Beazley Pocket Guide to Garden Birds, (1996), [co-authored with Mike Langman] Mitchell Beazley, ISBN 978-1-85732-495-2

title: Dominic Couzens


text:
Harsiese A

King Hedjkheperre Setepenamun Harsiese, or Harsiese A, is viewed by the Egyptologist Kenneth Kitchen in his Third Intermediate Period of Egypt to be both a High Priest of Amun and the son of the High Priest of Amun, Shoshenq C. The archaeological evidence does suggest that he was indeed Shoshenq C's son. However, recent published studies by the German Egyptologist Karl Jansen-Winkeln in JEA 81 (1995) have demonstrated that all the monuments of the first (king) Harsiese show that he was never a High Priest of Amun in his own right. Rather both Harsiese A and his son [...du] – whose existence is known from inscriptions on the latter's funerary objects at Coptos – are only attested as Ordinary Priests of Amun. Instead, while Harsiese A was certainly an independent king at Thebes during the first decade of Osorkon II's kingship, he was a different person from a second person who was also called Harsiese: Harsiese B. Harsiese B was the genuine High Priest of Amun, who is attested in office late in Osorkon II's reign, in the regnal year 6 of Shoshenq III and in regnal years 18 and 19 of Pedubast I, according to Jansen-Winkeln.

While Harsiese A may have become king at Thebes prior to Year 4 of Osorkon II, contra Kitchen, he certainly ruled Thebes during the first decade of Osorkon II's reign as Kitchen notes. Osorkon II's control over this great city is only first documented by two separate Year 12 Nile Level Texts, which means that Harsiese had died by this time. If Harsiese was already ruling at Thebes earlier under Takelot I, it might help explain why Takelot I's own Year 5, Year 8, and Year 14 Nile Level Texts, which mention the serving High Priests Iuwelot and Smendes III—who were all brothers of Takelot I--consistently omit any mention of Takelot's name, as Gerard Broekman aptly notes in an article in JEA (88 (2002)). Takelot I's name is left deliberately blank here. This might indicate a possible rivalry between Takelot I and Harsiese A at Thebes. The Amun Priests may have chosen not to involve themselves in this dispute by omitting any mention of the reigning king's name.

Burial
According to a 1994 book by the English Egyptologist Aidan Dodson, King Harsiese: "was buried in a tomb within the temenos at Medinet Habu, in the trough of a granite coffin (JE 60137) made for Ramesses II's sister, Henutmire, (and) closed with a hawk-Headed lid. When cleared, four canopic jars were found....No trace of any lids have survived, suggesting that such items may have been of [perishable] wood[.](p.92)"

Dodson notes that Harsiese's coffin is similar in style to the hawk-headed silver coffin of Shoshenq II, and to the surviving "traces of the gilded coffin and cartonnage of Osorkon II" (pp. 88–89).

title: Harsiese A


text: User talk:206.176.81.201

title: User talk:206.176.81.201


text:
Japanese submarine I-29

I-29, code-named Matsu (松, Japanese for "pine tree"), was a B1 type submarine of the Imperial Japanese Navy used during World War II on two secret missions with Germany. She was sunk while returning from the second mission.

Construction
This was the most numerous class of Japanese submarines – almost 20 were built, of which only one (JAPANESE SUBMARINE I-36) survived. These boats were fast, had a long range, and carried a seaplane, launched via a forward catapult.

The keel of I-29 was laid on 20 September 1939 at the Yokosuka Naval Arsenal and launched on 29 September 1940. She was commissioned on 27 February 1942, into the 14th submarine squadron under the command of Lieutenant Commander (later Captain) Izu Juichi (伊豆壽市).

Yanagi missions
The Yanagi missions fell under the Tripartite Pact which provided for an exchange of personnel, strategic materials and manufactured goods between Germany, Italy and Japan. Initially, cargo ships were used to make the exchanges, but when that was no longer possible submarines were used.

Few submarines attempted this trans-oceanic voyage during World War II: JAPANESE SUBMARINE I-30 (April 1942), JAPANESE SUBMARINE I-8 (June 1943), JAPANESE SUBMARINE I-34 (October 1943) and the German submarines GS U-511 (August 1943) and GS U-234 (May 1945). Of these, I-30 was sunk by a mine and I-34 by the British submarine HMS Taurus (P399). Later, the famous Japanese submarine JAPANESE SUBMARINE I-52 would also share their fate. In 1945 the German U-234 had completed part of the voyage to Japan when news of Germany's surrender to the Allies was announced, and the submarine was intercepted and boarded off Newfoundland; this marked the end of the German-Japanese submarine exchanges.

Missions
I-29 participated in missions supporting the Operation Mo attack on Port Moresby in New Guinea, and also in the futile search for Task Force 16 which had launched the Doolittle Raid on Tokyo in April 1942.

I-29's reconnaissance of Sydney harbour on 23 May 1942 resulted in the attack on Sydney Harbour by Japanese midget submarine

First exchange

In April 1943, I-29 was tasked with a Yanagi mission. She was commanded by Captain Masao Teraoka, submarine flotilla commander – indicating the importance of the trip. She left Penang with a cargo that included two tons of gold as payment from Japan for weapons technology. She met Fregattenkapitän Werner Musenberg's Type IXD-1 U-boat, GS U-180 on 26 April 1943 off the coast of Mozambique.

During this meeting that lasted over 12 hours due to bad weather, the two submarines swapped several important passengers. U-180 transferred Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose, a leader of the Indian Independence Movement who was going from Berlin to Tokyo, and his adjutant, Abid Hasan. I-29 in turn transferred two Japanese Navy personnel who were to study U-boat building techniques in Germany: Commander (later posthumously promoted to rear admiral) Emi Tetsushiro, and Lieutenant Commander (later posthumously promoted to captain) Tomonaga Hideo (who was later connected with the German submarine GS U-234). Both submarines returned safely to their bases. I-29 landed her important passengers at Sabang on Weh Island, located to the north of Sumatra on 6 May 1943, instead of Penang, to avoid detection by British spies. Bose and Hasan's transfer is the only known record of a civilian transfer between two submarines of two different navies in World War II.

Second exchange
On December 17, 1943, I-29 was dispatched on a second Yanagi mission, this time to Lorient, France, under star Japanese submarine Commander Takakazu Kinashi Japan's highest-scoring submarine "ace". At Singapore she was loaded with 80 tons of raw rubber, 80 tons of tungsten, 50 tons of tin, two tons of zinc, and three tons of quinine, opium and coffee.

In spite of Allied Ultra decrypts of her mission, I-29 managed to reach Lorient on 11 March 1944. On her way she was refueled twice by German vessels. Also, she had three close brushes with Allied aircraft tracking her signals. One of which was an attack by six RAF aircraft including two Mosquito F Mk. XVIII fighters equipped with 57 mm cannon from No. 248 Squadron RAF off Cape Peñas, Bay of Biscay, at 43.66°N, -5.85°W, and the protection provided to her during the entry into Lorient by the Luftwaffe's only long range maritime fighter unit, V Gruppe/Kampfgeschwader 40 using Junkers Ju 88s. At least one Ju 88 was shot down by British fighters over Spanish waters. The Kriegsmarine also provided an escort of two destroyers and two torpedo boats.

She left Lorient 16 April 1944 for the long voyage home with a cargo of 18 passengers, torpedo boat engines, Enigma coding machines, radar components, a Walter HWK 509A rocket engine, and Messerschmitt Me 163 and Messerschmitt Me 262 blueprints for the development of the rocket plane Mitsubishi J8M. After an uneventful trip she arrived at Singapore on 14 July 1944, disembarking her passengers, though not the cargo.

Sinking
On her way back to Kure, Japan, she was attacked at Balintang Channel, Luzon Strait, near the Philippines by Commander W. D. Wilkins' "Wildcats" submarine task force: USS Tilefish (SS-307), USS Rock (SS-274) and USS Sawfish (SS-276), using Ultra signal intelligence. During the evening of 26 July 1944, she was spotted by Sawfish which fired four torpedoes at her. Three hit I-29, which sank immediately at 20.1°N, 121.55°W. Only one of her crewmen survived. Kinashi was honored by a rare two-rank posthumous promotion to rear admiral.

Media

 * I-29 is the submarine shown in the 2004 Bollywood film Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose: The Forgotten Hero where Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose travels with the German submarine U-180 around the Cape of Good Hope to the southeast of Madagascar, where he is transferred to the I-29, greeted aboard by her captain Masao Teraoka and continues the rest of the journey to Imperial Japan.

title: Japanese submarine I-29


text:
Category:African legendary creatures

Legendary creatures from African mythology.

title: Category:African legendary creatures


text:
Hélio Gracie

Hélio Gracie (October 1, 1913 – January 29, 2009) was a Brazilian martial artist who together with his brothers Oswaldo, Gastao Jr, George and Carlos Gracie founded and developed the self-defense martial art system of Gracie jiu-jitsu, also known as Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ).

Considered as the Godfather of BJJ, according to his son Rorion, Gracie is one of the first sports heroes in Brazilian history; he was named Man of the Year in 1997 by the American martial arts publication Black Belt magazine. A patriarch of the Gracie family, multiple members of his family have gone on to have successful careers in combat sport competition including mixed martial arts (MMA).

Early life
Gracie was born on October 1, 1913, in Belém, Brazil. Contrary to popular belief, he was a talented athlete, and trained and competed in rowing and swimming since his childhood. He had his first contact in martial arts at 16, when he started training judo (at that time commonly referred to as "Kano jiu-jitsu" or simply "jiu-jitsu"), with his brothers Carlos and George. He also learned catch wrestling under the renowned Orlando Americo "Dudú" da Silva, who taught his brothers for a time.

When he was 16 years old, he had the opportunity to teach a judo class, which helped him develop his family style, "Gracie jiu-jitsu". When the director of the Bank of Brazil, Mario Brandt, arrived for a private class at the original Gracie Academy in Rio de Janeiro as scheduled Carlos Gracie, the instructor, was running late. Hélio offered to teach the class in Carlos's stead. When Carlos arrived with apologies, Brandt assured him it was no problem, and even requested that he be allowed to continue learning with Hélio.

Gracie realized, however, that even though he knew the techniques theoretically, the moves were much harder for him to execute. Consequently, he began adapting Mitsuyo Maeda's brand of judo, already heavily based around newaza ground fighting techniques. From these experiments, Gracie jiu-jitsu was created. Like its parent style of judo, these techniques allowed smaller and weaker practitioners the capability to defend themselves and even defeat much larger opponents. "Carlos and Helio Gracie ... brought a fresh eye to jujitsu just as their fellow countryman brought a special new approach to football."

Aside from training with his brothers, Gracie learned further judo under Sumiyuki Kotani and Argentinian judo pioneer Chugo Sato. He might have also got training under a practitioner named Hiraichi Tada. However, the extent of his official training in this art remains unknown. According to Masahiko Kimura, Gracie held the rank of 6th dan in judo in 1951, while according to Robert Hill, Kodokan records show Gracie at the rank of 3rd dan at the time, though Hill also noted that it was not unusual for Kodokan records to show a lower rank than that actually held by non-Japanese judo practitioners.

First challenges
Gracie began his professional fighting career at 18 years old against boxer Antonio Portugal. The fight took place in the undercard of a "jiu-jitsu vs. boxing" event on January 16, 1932, which saw judoka Geo Omori defeating boxer Tavares Crespo. Gracie won his fight by submission in a short time, probably an armlock in 40 seconds. Portugal is sometimes incorrectly billed as a boxing champion.

His second match would be the same year in a jiu-jitsu exhibition against Takashi Namiki in September. As Namiki had a 7 kg (15 lb) weight advantage and was a native of Japan just like the art of jiu-jitsu, he was expected to defeat Gracie. Namiki dominated the match, but Gracie wasn't defeated, leading it to a draw after several rounds.

Matches against wrestlers
Also in 1932, Gracie faced professional wrestler Fred Ebert on November 6. It was his biggest challenge up to the point, as Ebert outweighed him by 29 kg (64 lb) and was a decorated freestyle wrestler, and their match would have no time limit. Gracie was positive, claiming he would submit Ebert in a short time. However, the bout lasted almost two hours, and was eventually stopped by the police at the promoters's discretion as none of the fighters was progressing or advancing position. Again, this fight is sometimes registered as a vale tudo match, but it was hosted under grappling only rules. In an interview, Gracie claimed that he had to undergo an urgent operation the next day and that the stop was demanded by the doctor due to Gracie having a high fever caused by a swelling.

In 1934, Gracie faced another jiu-jitsu practitioner named Miyaki. The latter (whose first name is unknown) was billed as a judo black belt, although he had fought only one professional fight, a loss against professional wrestler Robert Ruhmann. He is usually identified as the famous judoka and catch wrestler Taro Miyake, a theory possibly initiated by Mark Hewitt in his book Catch Wrestling: A Wild and Wooly Look at the Early Days of Pro Wrestling in America (2005). However, Miyake was 54 years old and weighted 90 kg (200 lb) at the time, while Miyaki's official stats were about 20 years old and 64 kg (141 lb), and photographic material seems to support them being different people.

In any case, Gracie passed the first 20 minutes of the match in guard position before he climbed up to mount. He then applied a gi choke which Miyaki didn't surrender to, making the Japanese fall unconscious for the victory.

On July 28, Gracie faced renowned professional wrestler Wladek Zbyszko who, very much like Ebert, had a 40 kg (88 lb) weight advantage (albeit was 22 years older) and was billed as a world champion. Although the match was promoted as a "catch-as-catch-can vs. jiu-jitsu" challenge, it was fought under jiu-jitsu rules, including judogis and a 20-minute time limit. It was an uneventful affair; Gracie pulled guard at the opening and they spent the rest of the match in said position, ending in a draw. Still, it was seen as a moral victory for Gracie not to have been finished by the larger Wladek. The wrestler himself praised Gracie's courage and resistance.

Gracie's next opponent was his own former teacher, Orlando Americo "Dudú" da Silva, who had defeated Hélio's brother George in a catch wrestling match earlier in the year 1935. Their match was stipulated as a vale tudo bout with a 20-minute time limit on February 2. During the match, the two fighters exchanged punches before Dudú, heavier by 20 kg, took Gracie down. Gracie defended from the guard, but Dudú landed heavy punishment in form of ground and pound, breaking Gracie's nose with a headbutt and making him bleed profusely. However, the wrestler ended up spending all his energy in the assault, and it allowed Gracie to counterattack gradually with short punches from the bottom. When they returned to standing by the referee, Gracie landed two side kicks of the kind called pisão in capoeira, and the tired Dudú submitted verbally shortly after.

Matches against judokas
After the fight against Dudú, Gracie was challenged by 5th dan judoka Yasuichi Ono to another vale tudo fight. This was met with heat by the Gracie side, as Ono had defeated George Gracie by choke in a jiu-jitsu match. Calling Ono a "cretin" in a newspaper interview, Gracie claimed to accept the challenge and the two were stipulated to fight in April 1935, but the bout was scrapped when Gracie pulled out. Eventually, Gracie accepted to fight Ono, but only under jiu-jitsu rules, without points or judges and in December. He also came to the match wearing a judogi with very short sleeves to make gripping difficult.

The affair saw Ono, though lighter than Gracie by 4 kg (9 lb), executing an exact number of 32 judo throws on Gracie through the entire match, as well as almost finishing him with a juji-gatame in the first round. However, Gracie never gave up and escaped all his holds, including one in which he dived out of the ring to avoid a choke (a legal action at the time), and even had his own modest submission attempts in the form of an armlock and a gi choke near of the ending. After 20 minutes, the bout ended in a draw.

On June 13, 1936, Gracie fought judoka Takeo Yano, a training partner of Ono who also had dominated George Gracie the previous year in a time draw. Again, Gracie demanded a match without judges and wore a modified judogi, and his brother Carlos predicted that Yano wouldn't last a single round. Indeed, Gracie showed improvement, threatening Yano with a gi choke in the second round, but Yano threw and took down Gracie repeatedly through the three rounds of the match, which ended in a draw. Ono challenged Gracie for a future rematch after the bout, which Gracie accepted. The same month, Gracie was involved in a challenge consistent in fighting three opponents the same night, being those Geroncio Barbosa, Manuel Fernandes and Simon Munich, but Gracie pulled out before the event and was replaced by his brother George.

On September 12, Gracie faced a 2 kg heavier fighter named Massagoishi. He was billed as both a sumo wrestler and judo black belt, although Takeo Yano was quoted as skeptical of the second claim. Gracie submitted Massagoishi with an armlock after 13 minutes of fighting. However, the match was criticized by the press, calling it "a comedy and a farce" due to Gracie and his opponent not living up to expectations. The Brazilian Federation of Pugilism actually suspended Massagoishi for his inactivity during the bout.

Gracie met Yasuichi Ono for the second time on October 3, 1936, again in a match under jiu-jitsu rules and with no points of judges. Press and critics were unanimous in Hélio's improvement from their first match, although Ono again threw Gracie a number of 27 times and controlled most of the match. Around the time, Gracie had another rematch, it being against Orlando Americo da Silva and under grappling only rules. Gracie lost the match when he was disqualified for using a forbidden hold. Gracie had also a match against Erwin Klausner in 1937. Klausner was mainly a boxer (although he was also known as a wrestler), but the match was contested under the usual jiu-jitsu rules. Gracie won by armlock at the second round.

In 1937, Gracie retired from competition for the first time. He did not fight again until 1950. The year of his return, Gracie challenged famous boxing champion Joe Louis to a vale tudo match in one of his visits to Brazil, but Louis declined and proposed a boxing match, which Gracie rejected.

Gracie vs. Kimura
In 1951, Gracie issued a challenge against a touring judoka and professional wrestler, Masahiko Kimura. To fight him, Gracie faced before a lesser member of Kimura's troupe, Yukio Kato. Gracie and Kato went to a draw on September 6, 1951, with Kato immediately asking for a rematch. It took place on September 29, and it saw Gracie winning by choking out his opponent. Although the win was controversial, the match against Kimura was realized, and it happened on October 22. Kimura defeated Gracie by gyaku-ude-garami at the second round in a convincing fashion. Gyaku-ude-garami then went on to be known as the Kimura lock.

Academia Gracie vs Academia Fadda
Oswaldo Fadda represents a non-Gracie line of Brazilian jiu-jitsu. He was trained by Luiz França who was a student of Mitsuyo Maeda around the same time as Carlos and Hélio Gracie. Fadda was known for training the poor in Rio de Janeiro, and for the use of leg locks, which the Gracies considered low class. He trained a number of students and challenged Gracie's academy in 1953. Fadda's academy won the majority of the matches.

Gracie vs. Santana
In 1955, Gracie was challenged by Valdemar Santana, a former student of his academy who now trained and fought under the management of Carlos Renato and Haroldo Brito. Reasons why Santana left the Gracie team are diffuse; one of them is that he was expelled for taking a professional wrestling bout, something that their fighters had forbidden, while another tells how Santana accidentally flooded Gracie's gym while doing cleaning chores. Gracie accepted the challenge of a vale tudo match, even though Santana was 16 years younger and 60 lb heavier.

They fought in May, both wearing a jiu-jitsu gi. The bout lasted almost four hours, possibly three hours and 40 minutes. Gracie defended from his guard for most of the fight, hitting elbows to the head and heel kicks to the back, while his opponent threw punches through the guard. After a long time of fighting, Gracie got eventually tired, and Santana took over with headbutts and more strikes. At the end, Santana lifted Gracie up and slammed him on the mat, and then landed a soccer kick to the head of a kneeling Gracie. Gracie was knocked out and his cornermen threw the towel.

Although luta livre veteran Euclydes Hatem challenged Gracie after the fight, Gracie's bout with Santana was his final match before his retirement.

Assault of Rufino Dos Santos
A dispute between Gracie's brother Carlos and Manoel Rufino dos Santos worsened after Dos Santos won a public bout against Carlos. Subsequently, the conflict then moved to the newspapers, where Rufino criticized Carlos's skill and dismissed his jiu-jitsu credentials, leading Carlos, George and Hélio Gracie to assault him in front of his teaching place at the Tijuca Tênis Clube on October 18. They hit him repeatedly with a steel box and immobilized him for Carlos to apply an armlock, dislocating Rufino's shoulder so badly that it needed surgery. The brothers were arrested and were convicted to two years and a half in prison for assault, as well as for trying to run away during the arrest, but their connections to President of Brazil Getúlio Vargas granted them a pardon.

Later life
Gracie's son, Rorion Gracie, was among the first Gracie family members to bring Gracie Jiu-Jitsu to the US. Royce Gracie, Rorion's younger brother, went on to become the first UFC champion in the organization's history; Helio coached Royce from outside the cage at UFC 1 and UFC 2.

Death
Gracie died on the morning of January 29, 2009, in his sleep in Itaipava, in the city of Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro. The cause of death, reported by the family, was natural causes. He was 95 years old, and was teaching/training on the mat until 10 days before his death, when he became ill.

Personal life
Gracie had been married to Margarida for 50 years. During their marriage, Gracie became the father of three sons (Rickson, Rorion, and Relson) with Isabel 'Belinha' Soares and four sons (Royler, Rolker, Royce, Robin), two daughters (Rerika and Ricci) with Vera. After Margarida's death, he married Vera who was 32 years his junior. Gracie was grandfather to many BJJ black belts, including Ryron, Rener, Ralek, Kron, and Rhalan.

In his late years, Gracie was quoted as saying: "I never loved any woman because love is a weakness, and I don't have weaknesses."

Gracie was a member of the Brazilian movement Brazilian Integralism, which first appeared in Brazil in 1932. Today, many members of the Gracie family are also close to the former Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro, who received an honorary black belt from Robson Gracie in 2018, although some family members were associated with the left under the Brazilian Dictatorship period.

Documentary
On July 6, 2023, it was announced that ESPN Films is producing a documentary series on the Gracie family directed by Chris Fuller and produced by Greg O'Connor and Guy Ritchie.

Awards and accolades

 * Black Belt Magazine 1997 Man of the Year

Fight record
! style=background:white colspan=7 | ! style=background:white colspan=7 |
 * - style="background:#cfc;"
 * January 16, 1932 || Win ||align=left|🇧🇷 Antonio Portugal || || Submission (Armbar) || 0:40 || 1–0–0
 * - style="background:#c5d2ea;"
 * 1932 || Draw ||align=left|🇯🇵 Takashi Namiki || || || || 1–0–1
 * - style="background:#c5d2ea;"
 * November 6, 1932 || Draw ||align=left|🇺🇸 Fred Ebert || || ||1:40:00 || 1–0–2
 * - style="background:#c5d2ea;"
 * July 28, 1934 || Draw ||align=left|🇵🇱 Wladek Zbyszko || || || 30:00 ||1–0–3
 * - style="background:#cfc;"
 * June 23, 1934 || Win||align=left|🇯🇵 Miyake || || Submission (Choke) || 26:00 || 2–0–3
 * - style="background:#cfc;"
 * February 2, 1935 || Win ||align=left|🇧🇷 Orlando Americo "Dudu" da Silva || || TKO (Side kick to the spleen) || ||3–0–3
 * - style="background:#c5d2ea;"
 * December 5, 1935 || Draw ||align=left|🇯🇵 Yassuiti Ono || || || 1:40:00||3–0–4
 * - style="background:#c5d2ea;"
 * 1936 || Draw ||align=left|🇯🇵 Takeo Yano || || || || 3–0–5
 * - style="background:#cfc;"
 * 1936 || Win ||align=left|🇯🇵 Massagoichi || || Submission (Armbar) || ||4–0–5
 * - style="background:#c5d2ea;"
 * 1936 || Draw ||align=left|🇯🇵 Yassuiti Ono || || || || 4–0–6
 * - style="background:#cfc;"
 * 1937 || Win ||align=left|🇪🇪 Erwin Klausner || || Submission (Armbar) || ||5–0–6
 * - style="background:#cfc;"
 * 1937 || Win ||align=left|🇧🇷 Espingarda || || Submission || || 6-0–6
 * - style="background:#cfc;"
 * 1950 || Win ||align=left|🇧🇷 Landulfo Caribe || ||Submission (Choke) || || 7-0–6
 * - style="background:#cfc;"
 * 1950 || Win ||align=left|🇧🇷 Azevedo Maia || ||Submission (Choke) || || 8–0–6
 * - style="background:#c5d2ea;"
 * 1951 || Draw ||align=left|🇯🇵 Yukio Kato ||Rio de Janeiro, Brazil || || || 8–0–7
 * - style="background:#cfc;"
 * 1951 || Win ||align=left|🇯🇵 Yukio Kato ||São Paulo, Brazil ||Submission (Choke) || || 9–0–7
 * - style="background:#fbb;"
 * 1951 || Loss ||align=left|🇯🇵 Masahiko Kimura || ||Technical Submission (Kimura lock) || || 9–1-7
 * - style="background:#fbb;"
 * 1955 || Loss ||align=left|🇧🇷 Valdemar Santana || Rio de Janeiro, Brazil || TKO (soccer kick) || 3:42:00|| 9–2–7
 * - style="background:#cfc;"
 * 1967 || Win ||align=left|🇧🇷 Valdomiro dos Santos Ferreira || || Submission (Choke) || || 10–2–7
 * colspan=7 | Legend:
 * colspan=7 | Legend:

title: Hélio Gracie


text:
Philippe Wamba

Philippe Wamba (June 3, 1971 – September 11, 2002) was an African-American editor and writer known for his fusion of African and African-American culture.

Early life
Wamba was born in California to Elaine Brown Wamba and Ernest Wamba dia Wamba, an American mother and a Congolese professor-turned-rebel father. He grew up in Boston, Dar es Salaam, and New Mexico. He studied at Harvard University as an undergraduate, then at Columbia University.

Career
Wamba worked on a variety of writing and publishing projects, culminating in his service as Editor-in-chief of the now defunct online magazine Africana.com. In 1999 he published a memoir entitled Kinship: A Family's Journey in Africa and America. Wamba was profiled in the New York Times Magazine and the book received some positive reviews.

Death
Wamba died in a car accident in Kenya while conducting research on African youth movements. The Harvard African Students Alumni Network announced plans to raise funds in his memory to promote traffic safety in Africa. Henry Louis Gates, a mentor who helped promote Wamba's memoir, said at his funeral, "Philippe lived on no man's hyphen."

title: Philippe Wamba


text:
Category:British ornithologists

Ornithologists from the United Kingdom. People who are ornithologists practice ornithology, the study of birds. They may also be birdwatchers although the latter may not necessarily be ornithologists. Ornithology is a branch of natural history, zooology and biology. See also the list of ornithologists.

title: Category:British ornithologists


text: User talk:207.236.151.102

title: User talk:207.236.151.102


text:
Portal:Finland/Featured picture

The Coat of Arms of Finland were granted at the burial of Gustav Vasa in 1560 and still remain the arms of the Republic of Finland. The arms were also used as the official symbol of the Grand Duchy of Finland.

The blazon as described in the act on the arms of Finland (381/78) may be translated as follows: "Gules, among nine roses argent, a lion rampant crowned Or, having for its dexter forepaw a human arm armoured, brandishing a sword and in base a falchion fesswise reversed, both of the second hilted of the third."

title: Portal:Finland/Featured picture


text:
User:Caerwine/Pandatown (Xiaolin Showdown)

Pandatown is episode 205 of Xiaolin Showdown. It first aired in the United States on October 9, 2004.

What happens in Pandatown, stays in Pandatown.

Synopsis
Description of what happened.

Shen Gong Wu
Raimundo uses the Eye of Dashi to create a blast of wind that causes a wave he uses to win the Showdown Trio.

Guest Characters
Pandabubba is the richest, most dangerous crime boss in Hong Kong's underworld.

Showdowns
The showdown is another Showdown Trio. Raimundo uses the Eye of Dashi, Jack the Tangle Web Comb, and Pandabubba the Fist of Tebigong. The winner is Raimundo who wins a boat race.

Clay's Downhome Sayings
You can usually count on Clay to come up with at least one of these per episode.

Kimiko's Techno-Fashion
Hairstyle: Black with blue highlights tied back in a ponytail. Clothes: Bright yellow sleeveless jumpsuit and long blue-black fingerless gloves

Raimundo's Schemes
After being promoted to apprentice rank, Raimundo tries to convince Master Fung to give him some more perks, including better clothes and a real bed.

The Wisdom of Master Fung
Master Fung is fond of inscrutable sayings. Here you can scrute them.

Jack Spicer's Bots
Yes Bot is a butler for Jack that also strokes his ego.


text:
User talk:Hastalavictoria~enwiki

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! , SqueakBox 19:44, September 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Hastalavictoria. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Hastalavictoria~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 00:29, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 13:39, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Hastalavictoria~enwiki


text:
User:Caerwine/Sizing Up Omi (Xiaolin Showdown)

Sizing Up Omi is episode 206 of Xiaolin Showdown. It first aired in the United States on October 30, 2004.

Blurb as could have been used to advertise the episode.

Synopsis
Description of what happened.

Shen Gong Wu
The Shen Gong Wu that are revealed, that display new powers or are merely used.

Guest Characters
Characters other than the eight main characters that appear.

Showdowns
Who wagered who, what Wu were involved, a description of the locale and contest.

Clay's Downhome Sayings
You can usually count on Clay to come up with at least one of these per episode.

Kimiko's Techno-Fashion
Kimiko has a different outfit in nearly every episode.

Raimundo's Schemes
Raimundo often schemes to make his life at the temple easier.

The Wisdom of Master Fung
Master Fung is fond of inscrutable sayings. Here you can scrute them.

Dojo's Wu Sense
Dojo often suffers a rash or itch when Wu reveal themselves.

Jack Spicer's Bots
Jack Spicer often introduces a new bot designed especially for the episode.


text: User talk:207.61.25.34

title: User talk:207.61.25.34


text: User talk:24.17.5.216

title: User talk:24.17.5.216


text:
Uthred of Boldon

Uthred or Uhtred of Boldon (also spelled Owtred; c. 1320 – 28 January 1397) was an English Benedictine monk, theologian and writer, born at Boldon, North Durham; he died at Finchale Abbey.

Life
Uhtred joined the Benedictine community of Durham Abbey about 1332 and was sent to London in 1337. Three years later he entered Durham College, Oxford, a house which the Durham Benedictines had established at Oxford for those of their members who pursued their studies at the University of Oxford. He was graduated there as licentiate in 1352 and as doctor in 1357. During the succeeding ten years, and even previously, he took part in numerous disputations at Oxford University, many of which were directed against members of the mendicant orders. It is on this account that John Bale wrongly designates him as a supporter of John Wycliffe.

In 1367 Uhtred became prior of Finchale Abbey, a position to which he was appointed three other times, in 1379, 1386, and 1392. In 1368 and in 1381 he served as subprior at Durham Abbey. Along with Wycliffe he was one of the delegates sent by King Edward III to the papal representatives at Bruges in 1374, with the purpose of reaching an agreement concerning the vexed question of canonical provision in England.

According to the Eulogium Historiarum, Uthred represented Durham Abbey at a 1374 council in Westminster held by Edward, Prince of Wales. Historians including James Tait and Aubrey Gwynn have questioned whether such a council actually took place, although Jeremy Catto argues for its plausibility. As described in the Eulogium, the council was held for the purpose of determining whether the king was obliged to recognize the papal suzerainty which had been granted to Innocent III by King John. Uthred is depicted as initially defending the pope's right of overlordship, but changing his vote on the next day to follow that of the council.

Works
Uhtred's writings included:

 * De substantialibus regulae monachalis, preserved in the Durham Cathedral Library;
 * Contra querelas Fratrum, written about 1390, extant in the British Library; and
 * a Latin translation of the Ecclesiastical History of Eusebius, also preserved in the British Library.

title: Uthred of Boldon


text:
Ssuuna II of Buganda

Ssuuna II Kalema Kasinjo Mukaabya Sekkyungwa Muteesa Sewankambo Walugembe Mig'ekyaamye Lukeberwa Kyetutumula Magulunyondo Luwambya Omutanda Sseggwanga was Kabaka of the Kingdom of Buganda from 1832 until 1856. He was the twenty-ninth Kabaka of Buganda.

Claim to the throne
He was born at Bujuuko Hill around 1820. He was the son of Kabaka Kamaanya Kadduwamala, Kabaka of Buganda, who reigned between 1814 and 1832. His mother was Nakkazi Kannyange, the twenty-third of his father's thirty-eight wives.

He ascended to the throne upon the death of his father in 1832, having executed all his brothers in order to remain as the sole heir.

He established his capital on Mulago Hill.

Married life
Kabaka Ssuuna II continued in the tradition started by his grandfather and copied by his father; the practice of marrying an extraordinary number of wives. Ssuuna II outdid all of them. He is reported to have married one hundred forty eight wives.

Issue
As expected, the Kabaka having married 148 wives, he fathered a large number of children. Written accounts put the number as high as two hundred and twenty-one.

 * Prince (Omulangira) Kajumba
 * Prince (Omulangira) Kiyimba, whose mother was Lady Zawedde
 * Princess (Omumbejja) Nassuuna, whose mother was Lady Zawedde
 * Prince (Omulangira) Mukaabya Walugembe, whose mother was Lady Muganzirwazza

This reference lists the names of all of them, giving the names of their mothers in most cases.

Reign
Kabaka Ssuuna was only twelve 12 years when he ascended to the throne. He was a handsome boy, taking after the looks of his mother, Nakkazi Kannyange, reportedly one of the most beautiful women in Buganda at the time. He began as a popular monarch, loved by his people.

However, as he grew more confident, he became cocky and ruthless. He gave himself a string of names that implied invincibility and super-normal powers. He ordered the execution of fifty eight of his sixty brothers. Only two escaped the carnage:

 * Prince (Omulangira) Wasajja, whose mother was Nakkazi of the Mamba clan (not Nakkazi Kannyange)
 * Prince (Omulangira) Mugogo, whose mother was Kyotowadde of the Mamba clan

By the time of his death Kabaka Ssuuna II turned out to be one of the most ruthless of the Buganda kings.

Ssuuna continued the Buganda's trade in ivory and slaves with Zanzibar and for a time allowed foreign traders mainly Zanzibaris and Arabs like Snay bin Amir (in 1852) and Ahmed bin Ibrahim (in 1844), in his kingdom. He eventually banned entry of all foreign traders in Buganda.

Ssuuna increased Buganda's naval fleet and expansion in Lake Nnalubaale.

The wars of conquest against the Kingdom's neighbors continued during his reign which led to an expansion of the territory of the Buganda Kingdom.

During his reign, the neglect of sanitary standards within the capital was decreed an offence punishable by death. Ssuuna put a number of persons to death for breach of his rules, which aroused the ire of a certain medium named Kigemuzi. Kigemuzi began to speak disrespectfully of the King, saying that he did so by order of the gods. On Ssuuna's orders, Kigemuzi was arrested and taken to the capital, contrary to the custom. He protested before the Kabaka, reminding him it was contrary to custom to bind a medicine-man or a medium. The King then ordered Kigemuzi to be removed, and that night the royal house was struck by lightning, and the King was scorched on his face and on one side of his body. Ssuuna at once sent for the medium Kigemuzi, released him, and asked him why there had been this storm. The medium answered: "Because the god of thunder (Kiwanuka) is angry at what you have done to me." The King then presented the man with cattle to make atonement for binding him, and the King's mother settled him on a large tract of land, in order to propitiate the gods, and to save her son from further harm.

Final years
In his final years, Kabaka Ssuuna sent an emissary to the king of Buzongola. On his return, the emissary delivered a less than flattering message from Buzongola. Ssuuna took this as a slight and waged war against the kingdom of Buzongola. The Katikiro, Kayira, the Kabaka's great chiefs and the Queen mother all advised against embarking on a military campaign in a time of famine and small pox. The Kabaka proceeded with the ill advised war.

Despite emerging victorious and driving out the king of Buzongola, the combined effects of war, small pox and famine greatly weakened his armies and most of his men died before reaching Buganda. Kabaka Ssuuna II died of small pox on his way back to Buganda in October 1856. Kayiira brought his remains back to Nabulagala. His remains are currently buried at Wamala.

Quotes
"He was a very cruel man: he was brave in war, he was a hunter of wild animals and very fond of hunting dogs. At times, however, he was kind, so they say, and it is well known that cruel kings at times exercise kindness so that they shall not be hated by their subjects. Such was Ssuuna."
 * Ham Mukasa, "Some Notes on the Reign of Mutesa", 1934

"When he was reprimanded by Ahmed bin Ibrahim (the first Arab to visit Ssuuna II's court in 1844) over the wanton killing of his subjects, Ssuuna filed the following defence; 'I have no other secret for keeping my subjects in awe of me and in preventing conspiracies'."
 * John A. Rowe, Revolution in Buganda, 1968

Wamala tombs
Set on a hilltop with beautiful surroundings, Wamala is the sacred burial place of Kabaka Ssuuna II, who had 148 wives and 218 children. Ssuuna II was the last Kabaka to be buried in his own palace and the last to have his jaw bone removed after death. He was also the first Kabaka to admit outside traders into Buganda. A magical but almost forgotten place, Wamala Tombs is quite unique. It is a thirty-minute drive from Kampala along Kampala-Hoima Road. It is located on a hilltop about 2.5 km after the right turn, off Hoima Road.

title: Ssuuna II of Buganda


text:
Category:Japanese legendary creatures

Legendary creatures from Japanese mythology and Japanese folklore.

title: Category:Japanese legendary creatures


text:
User talk:Chuck Y

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! , SqueakBox 19:46, September 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Chuck Y


text:
User talk:Thebrain85

Image tagging for Image:Linus2.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Linus2.jpg. The image has been identified as not specifying the source and creator of the image, which is required by Wikipedia's policy on images. If you don't indicate the source and creator of the image on the image's description page, it may be deleted some time in the next seven days. If you have uploaded other images, please verify that you have provided source information for them as well.

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 * Image copyright tags

This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. 08:49, 17 October 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Thebrain85


text:
User:FritzSolms

Hi, I am Fritz Solms from South Africa.

My interests are in a free and just society, where people can express and develop their individuality in a free and respected way. In that context, I think Wikipedia is absolutely amazing!!

Professionally, my interests are focused on Organizational and system architecture, as well as Business Process and Systems design.

Solms TCD

title: User:FritzSolms


text:
Herta Ware

Herta Ware (June 9, 1917 – August 15, 2005) was an American actress and activist.

Early life
Ware was born Herta Schwartz in Wilmington, Delaware. Her mother, Helen Ware, was a musician and violin teacher. Her father, Laszlo Schwartz, was an actor who was born in Budapest.

Her maternal uncle, Harold Ware, headed the Ware Group, the most extensive Soviet spy ring in American history.

Her maternal grandmother was labor organizer and socialist Ella Reeve Bloor, the co-founder of the Communist Labor Party of America, and later a member of the central committee of the Communist Party USA.

Her father was Jewish and her mother was Christian.

Career
Ware made her Broadway debut in Let Freedom Ring (November 6, 1935–February 1936), co-starring husband Will Geer, whom she had married in 1934. The couple appeared together in other New York plays, including Bury the Dead (1936), Prelude (1936), 200 Were Chosen (1936) and Journeyman (1938), and Six O'Clock Theatre (1948), all of which were short-lived.

She made her on-screen debut in 1978, when she appeared in the television film, A Question of Guilt. Subsequently, she appeared in her first feature film 1980, The Black Marble. Her second feature film was Dr. Heckyl and Mr. Hype, which featured Oliver Reed. She starred in 2010 in 1984.

She is perhaps most recognized for her performance in the classic film Ron Howard's Cocoon, and appeared in the sequel Cocoon: The Return. She appeared in Critters 2: The Main Course as "Nana". She had roles in several other well-known films such as, Species, Practical Magic, with Sandra Bullock and Nicole Kidman, and Cruel Intentions, with Sarah Michelle Gellar and Ryan Phillippe. Her role in the 1992 television film Crazy in Love earned her a CableACE Award for Supporting Actress in a Movie or Miniseries.

Ware made many guest appearances on classic television series including, Knots Landing, Highway to Heaven, Cagney & Lacey, The Golden Girls and ER, to name a few.

She and her daughter, Ellen Geer, both made guest appearances on Star Trek: The Next Generation and Beauty and the Beast.

Personal life
In 1934, Ware married actor Will Geer, with whom she had three children. She and Geer were politically-minded and relocated to Los Angeles in the early 1940s and settled in Santa Monica so that Geer could pursue his movie career.

In 1951, the passionately left-wing Geer became blacklisted by Hollywood for taking the Fifth Amendment and refusing to testify before the House Un-American Activities Committee.

With Geer's film career destroyed, and falling into financial difficulties, the couple lost their Los Angeles home. The pair divorced in 1954 but remained close friends.

Ware later married actor David Marshall, with whom she had one child, a daughter, actress Melora Marshall. They later divorced.

Ware and Geer reunited in 1973 and subsequently co-founded the Will Geer Theatricum Botanicum, which was on five acres of land that Ware purchased in Topanga Canyon for $10,000. The burgeoning theater officially opened as a summer theater in 1973.

She stayed by Geer's bedside as he died of a respiratory ailment in 1978. In 2000, she published her own memoir Fantastic Journey, My Life with Will Geer.

Death
Ware died on August 15, 2005, due to complications of Parkinson's disease, aged 88, in Topanga, California. Her ashes and those of her ex-husband, Will Geer, were scattered at their outdoor theatre.

Other appearances

 * 1974 Medieval Theater: The Play of Abraham and Isaac ... Mary Pink, Mother (short documentary)
 * 1984 Woody Guthrie: Hard Travelin'  (documentary)
 * 1993 When Jesus Was a Kid (video short)

title: Herta Ware


text:
Uhtred

Uhtred is a masculine given name of Anglo-Saxon origin, prevalent during the Medieval period. It may refer to:

People

 * Uhtred of Hwicce (died c. 779), King of Hwicce
 * Uhtred (Derbyshire ealdorman) (early to mid 10th century), ealdorman (earl) in Derbyshire
 * Uhtred of Lindisfarne, Bishop of Lindisfarne, appointed in 942?
 * Uhtred of Bamburgh (died 1016), ealdorman of Northumbria under King Æthelred II of England
 * Uchdryd ap Edwin (late 11th to early 12th century) Welsh noble linked to the castle at Cymer
 * Uhtred (Bishop of Llandaff), Welsh Bishop of Llandaff from 1140 to 1148
 * Uhtred of Galloway (c. 1120–1174), Lord of Galloway
 * Uthred of Boldon (c. 1320–1397), English Benedictine theologian and writer

Fictional characters

 * Uhtred of Bebbanburg, protagonist of The Saxon Stories, a historical novel series by Bernard Cornwell and The Last Kingdom TV series
 * Uchdryd Battle Protector, Uchdryd Cross Beard, and Uchdryd son of Erim are warriors named in the 11th-century Welsh Arthurian tale of Culhwch and Olwen

title: Uhtred


text:
Brian Donovan (actor)

Brian Donovan is an American voice actor. Donovan is best known for his role of Rock Lee from the critically acclaimed Naruto series. He has reprised his role of Rock Lee in Naruto: Shippuden and in 2010, he was cast as the voice of Salty in Alpha and Omega and its sequel. Donovan is also known as the lead role of Davis Motomiya from Digimon Adventure 02.

Biography
Donovan was set to reprise his role as Davis Motomiya in Digimon Adventure: Last Evolution Kizuna. Due to the events of the COVID-19 pandemic and a fault in his home studio, however, the role was instead recast to Griffin Burns.

Animation/anime roles

 * A.T.O.M. – Ollie Sharker, Rayza
 * Boruto: Naruto Next Generations - Rock Lee
 * Digimon Adventure 02 – Davis Motomiya
 * Digimon Tamers – Narrator/Kai Urazoe
 * Digimon Frontier – Terou, Mushroomon
 * Flint the Time Detective – Tony Goodman, Monk
 * Naruto – Rock Lee
 * Naruto: Shippuden – Rock Lee
 * Rurouni Kenshin – Yutaro Tsukayama
 * Vampire Princess Miyu – Boy in Swamp (episode 10)
 * The Zeta Project – Rudy

Movie roles

 * Alpha and Omega – Salty
 * Digimon: The Movie – Davis Motomiya
 * Digimon Adventure 02: Revenge of Diaboromon – Davis Motomiya
 * Naruto the Movie 3: Guardians of the Crescent Moon Kingdom – Rock Lee
 * Naruto: Shippūden the Movie – Rock Lee
 * Naruto Shippuden 3: Inheritors of the Will of Fire – Rock Lee
 * The Last: Naruto the Movie – Rock Lee
 * Boruto: Naruto the Movie – Rock Lee
 * Digimon Adventure 02: The Beginning-Davis Motomiya

Other roles

 * Digimon Rumble Arena - Davis Motomiya
 * Jetix – Promo/Commercial Announcer
 * Mighty Me - Training Camp – Creator/Show's Host

title: Brian Donovan (actor)


text: User talk:69.242.211.44

title: User talk:69.242.211.44


text: File:Speak No Evil-Wayne Shorter.jpg

title: File:Speak No Evil-Wayne Shorter.jpg


text:
Talk:Battle of the Granicus

My huge overhaul of this article on 26 August 2021
Hello, as promised in my edit summary I'd write here to explain everything about my huge edit of this article on 26 August 2021. I hope everyone else agrees that the article is much better now. Of course I appreciate all the work done by the editors of this article before me, but I thought this article still needed a lot of work. I've spent several weeks reading everything about this battle in the scientific literature and this edit was the result. I'll answer some of my possibly more controversial changes here step by step: --AlexanderVanLoon (talk) 13:49, 30 August 2021 (UTC)
 * 1) First, to respond on some matters discussed on this talk page:
 * 2) The scientific literature calls it the "Battle of the Granicus", not "Granicus River", just like we call many other rivers by their name, like the "Thames" and not the "Thames River".
 * 3) The scientific literature speaks of the Macedonians and a Macedonian victory, not the Greeks and a Greek victory. Even though Greeks did participate through the Hellenic League, the Macedonians dominated that league.
 * 4) Regarding the changes to the first paragraph:
 * 5) What this article (and even some scientific works as well) get wrong in the introductory sentence is that Memnon didn't command the mercenaries. Arrian is clear on the fact that a Persian called Omares was their commander.
 * 6) I wouldn't say the battle was fought near Troy, the Granicus is quite some distance further east.
 * 7) Regarding the infobox:
 * 8) Shortened description of location, which was way too long.
 * 9) Mentioning the satrapies as participants separately is incorrect because the satrapies were not independent from the Achaemenid Empire. They simply followed the orders of Darius III.
 * 10) The scientific literature (quoted in the body of the article) clarified that Arsites was most likely the leader of the Persian army, I've marked him so in the infobox.
 * 11) Some commanders and leaders were listed for which there was no evidence that they had a role as commander, for example Hephaestion and Cleitus. I've made sure that only those mentioned by Arrian and Diodorus as leaders are listed now.
 * 12) I've simplified the strength and casualties sections. They were too detailed and even contained references inside the infobox. Based on those references, they were also giving a very rough generic estimate of casualties rather than an informed estimate based on the literature. I've refrained from giving so much details in the infobox and think it's best to leave the details to the article's maint text.
 * 13) As for the rest of the article, I added a lot more content and provided references to primary and secondary scientific sources for everything.
 * 14) Because the primary sources don't agree on what happened during the battle I thought it was important to describe all three sources separately.
 * 15) Too much other changes to comment on, it's probably best if everyone compares the previous version with the version after my edits and sees for him/herself.
 * 16) In due time I will reread this article and make some further changes where necessary. I hope to get this article approved as a featured article.

 * Hi there ,
 * First of all, thanks for putting effort into this. An article as important as this one definitely deserves some love. Although the article received a much needed expansion and overhaul, there are still some major issues that need to be addressed:

 * 1) The article, in terms of sources, heavily relies on material written ~ 2,000 years ago which isn't allowed per WP:RS and WP:HISTRS.
 * 2) The infobox (and the entire article in general) should solely present figures and information as foretold by modern-day academics/scholars (once again; WP:RS and WP:HISTRS). Not figures by writers who died 2000 years ago. An amalgam of data written 2,000 years ago and data written by modern-day academics doesn't cut it either.
 * Will post more when I have time. - LouisAragon (talk) 14:44, 20 October 2021 (UTC)
 * Noticed some good points were raised here as well. - LouisAragon (talk) 14:51, 20 October 2021 (UTC)

 * Hello, do I understand correctly that you are specifically referring to WP:RSPRIMARY? I don't think I violated this directive in my contributions to this article. As far as I can tell I've only used ancient historians as a source when I've summarized their accounts of the battle. I've taken care to keep any interpretation and analysis of the ancient historians by modern scholarship separate and think I've made it clear with the way I've used references. If you think otherwise, can you please point to the specific place in the article text where this goes wrong? As for the infobox, please note that the strength and casualty figures mostly reflected modern scholarship already. I did take another critical look and removed only the claim that 18,000 mercenaries might have been killed because it's explicitly dismissed by one source as exaggerated. Can you please take another look and tell me if you still disagree? As for the responses on the featured article nomination, I didn't reply to them yet because I took a long break from Wikipedia, but will do so later today. --AlexanderVanLoon (talk) 10:37, 26 October 2021 (UTC)

I responded to the reviewers of the Featured Article nomination via their talk pages here, here, here and here. Waiting for them to reply. In the meatime, I have set myself the following goals to improve this article and would of course appreciate any help: 1) Contact the editor who made the map currently below the infobox and ask to have it fixed so that it shows in the mobile Wikipedia app (currently doesn't) and correct the caption. 2) Create a new battle map because the current one we have shows Alexander attacking the Persian center, which is contested by the historians mentioned in this article. 3) Create a map to show the route the Macedonian army took towards the Granicus. 4) Improve the lead paragraph to summarize the article adequately. 5) Improve the aftermath section to explain how the war ended. 6) Discuss the Macedonian and Persian armies in more detail, as is done in Battle of the Bagradas River (255 BC) which is already a featured article. 7) Take inspiration from existing Featured Articles on ancient and medieval battles, including but not limited to Battle of the Bagradas River (240 BC), Battle of the Bagradas River (255 BC), Battle of Halidon Hill, Battle of Crécy and the Battle of Barnet. 8) Request a review from GoCER, then from WikiProject Military history/Assessment/A-Class review and then possibly Peer review or Good article nominations before we renominate as Featured Article. --AlexanderVanLoon (talk) 15:28, 27 October 2021 (UTC)

Numbers?
How can Alexander only have 18,000 men if it was his first battle after crossing with 38,000-48,000 men? NotIranian (talk) 02:27, 8 November 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Battle of the Granicus