text:
Mizrahi music

Mizrahi music (מוזיקה מזרחית , "Eastern music/Oriental music") refers to a music genre in Israel that combines elements from Europe, the Middle East and North Africa; and is mostly performed by Israelis of Mizrahi Jewish descent. It is usually sung in Modern Hebrew, or literary Hebrew.

Background
Mizrahi Jews who immigrated from the Arab countries have, over the last 50 years, created a unique musical style that combines elements of Arabic, Turkish, and Greek music. This is not to be confused with the New Hebrew Style, as the Mizrahi style is more spontaneous.

After World War II, many Jewish families made Aliyah to the new state of Israel, founded in 1948. The Muzika Mizrahit movement started in the 1950s with homegrown performers in neighborhoods with a high concentration of Jews from Arab countries who would play at weddings and other events. They performed songs in Hebrew, but in an Arabic style, on traditional Arabic instruments—the oud, kanun, and the darbuka. In the 1960s, they added acoustic and electric guitar to their sound and so their sound became more eclectic. Vocalists usually decorated their singing with trills, and delivery was often nasal or guttural in sound. Intonation was typically Western, however; singers did not use the quartertone scales typical of Arabic music. Into the 1980s synthesizers and electronic instruments made their debut in Mizrahi music.

The first Mizrahi artist of this era was the Moroccan-born Jo Amar, who through the 1950s and 1960s made several albums and songs contributing to the genre, mostly influenced by Moroccan music. Another notable if foreign artist that helped contribute to the young genre was Aris San, who helped popularise Greek music in Israel in the 1960s and 1970s with his distinct rock style on traditional Greek songs.

Lyrics were originally texts taken from classic Hebrew literature, including poems by medieval Hebrew poets. Later they added texts by Israeli poets, and began writing original lyrics as well. An example is the song "Hanale Hitbalbela" (Hannale was confused), sung by Yizhar Cohen. The lyrics are by the modern Israeli poet and lyricist Natan Alterman, to a traditional tune. Singers also translated childhood favorites from Arabic to Hebrew and added electronics and a faster tempo.

The 1970s and onward
Two of the first mainstream Mizrahi musicians were Zohar Argov and Avihu Medina. Argov grew up in Rishon LeZion singing in his synagogue with a very defined Middle Eastern melisma. His definitive Mizrahi hit was Haperah BeGani (הפרח בגני The Flower in my Garden), which won the Mizrahi music festival and became the genre’s mainstream breakthrough. After his suicide he became an icon in Israel for what happens when one is cheated by society. A play titled HaMelekh (המלך The King) was written about his life story, portrayed his fall to drugs and his troubles with the law. It was extremely popular, and later a biographical film (biopic) about him was made in 1993 titled "Zohar", to much acclaim and fanfare.

Avihu Medina was a singer and composer. He composed many popular hits for Argov as well as other artists such as Shimi Tavori, Daklon and Haim Moshe. Women also began to play a significant part in popular Mizrahi music. A popular artist was Zehava Ben. Because of her ties to Morocco and the Middle East she began her career singing Umm Kulthum. Another notable female artist was Margalit Tzan'ani who would later become a famous television personality.

Because Mediterranean Israeli music was so popular within the Mizrahi Jewish communities, which were quickly becoming a large percentage of Israel, the natural outcome would be a continuous playback on the local radio station. However the national government restricted the play of Mizrahi music because it was not considered ‘authentic Israeli.’ The social researcher, Sami Shalom Chetrit, wrote "The educational and cultural establishment made every effort to separate the second generation of eastern immigrants from this music, by intense socialization in schools and in the media,".

The penetration of Muzika Mizrahit into the Israeli mainstream was the result of pressure by Mizrahi composers and producers such as Avihu Medina, the overwhelming, undeniable popularity of the style, and the gradual adoption of elements of Muzika Mizrahit by popular Israeli artists. Yardena Arazi, one of Israel's most popular stars, made a recording in 1989 called "Dimion Mizrahi" (Eastern Imagination), and included original materials and some canonical Israeli songs.

The acceptance of Muzika Mizrahit, over the 1990s, parallels the social struggle of Israelis of Sephardic and Mizrahi origin to achieve social and cultural acceptance. "Today, the popular Muzika Mizrahit has begun to erase the differences from rock music, and we can see not a few artists turning into mainstream. This move to the mainstream culture includes cultural assimilation," writes literary researcher and critic Mati Shmuelof.

It is a widely accepted fact by now that the invention of the recordable cassette by the Philips Corporation and the commercial cassette distribution network in the Tel Aviv train station had a large impact on the popularity of Mediterranean Israeli music. Cassettes allowed the Mizrahi population to create and distribute their own music within their communities. They also allowed for more musical integration. One could have Umm Kulthum and a neighbor who is an emerging singer. Cassette tapes were a predominant factor in the growth of Mediterranean Israeli music in the 1970s. After first being a favorite at community celebrations, such as weddings and birthdays and bar mitvahs, the recording of one particular wedding party became a desired commodity in the Mizrahi ma'abarot ("transit camp"). These cassettes are what caused ethnomusicologist Amy Horowitz to start researching this blossoming new music style. The cassettes also gave birth to a new nickname for Mizrahi artists which was "cassette singers" (זמרי קסטה).

After Reuveni's friends and neighbours started offering to buy the cassettes he realized he might have a great opportunity on his hands. He and his brother later went on to found one of the major Mizrahi cassette companies in Israel, The Brothers Revueni, who would sign many successful artists such as Zohar Argov, Haim Moshe, Margalit Tzan'ani and others.

Fusion genres
Over time fusions of Mizrahi music with other genres emerged, including oriental rock, hip hop, and pop.

Rock and metal
Rock Mizrahi ("oriental rock") is a wide term that incorporates several different Israeli musical styles. It is defined by the combining of rock music with middle eastern instruments, compositions and singing techniques. Comparison may be drawn with progressive rock, as Middle Eastern scales and rhythm tend to break western norms. Some examples are Orphaned Land, Knesiyat Hasekhel, Algeir and lead singer Aviv Guedj, Yosi Sassi and Dudu Tassa. Another notable examples is Fortisakharof, a creative duo consisting of Rami Fortis and Berry Sakharof. Both Fortis and Sakharof have partial Mizrachi backgrounds (Turkish and Iraqi). The oriental elements in their music range from very subtle to very apparent at times. The two began their project in 1989 following the break up of post-punk group Minimal Compact. Both groups feature several Middle Eastern themes, including one song in Gibberish Arabic, "Sandanya", from their debut LP Foreign Affair.

The fusion of Mizrahi music and metal music can be defined as oriental metal. Other sub genres of Rock rarely categorize their oriental influences.

Pop
By the mid 1990s, Mizrahi Pop labels had already began to transform from underground operations distributing cassettes within the Mizrahi community to a much more formal and standardized Music Industry. Musicians and producers of that time were starting to incorporate more elements of rock, techno, electronic dance music, Europop and R&B, while still strongly emphasizing the Greek, Turkish and Arab roots. Along with earlier examples like Ofra Haza and Ethnix, later acts like Zehava Ben, Eyal Golan, Sarit Hadad and others revolutionized the genre and brought it to much larger audiences. Some songs of this era had already become hits in neighboring countries, including Greece and Arab countries. Mizrahi Pop became a target to mockery and often disregarded by the mainstream pop culture of Israel at the time. Although demographically they may have been equally popular, most radio stations were refusing to play Mizrachi Pop, favoring American and European influenced pop and rock. The distinction between Mizrahi pop and the mainstream was clear. With many Mizrachi Pop hit singles still being low budget productions, mainstream critics and media were mostly ignoring the genre, with the excuse of Mizrachi Pop lacking artistic depth. Most songs were rather straight forward love songs, translations of Greek/Mediterranean songs or Jewish themed songs, with songwriting following a certain formula. This is why comparisons to other global "counterculture turned mainstream movements" are less appropriate, with Hip hop and reggae music being highly innovative, as well as political and protest oriented. It is, however, widely agreed that many Mizrahi pop songs do have a lot more in them than it first seems, so perhaps many of them were to some extent misunderstood for being ahead of their time. There were also many cases of mutual influencing of the two movements in Israeli Pop as early as 1985, with some well known Ashkenazi songwriters admiring the Mizrahi sound. During the 2000s and 2010, Mizrahi Pop has grown to become the most prominent form of pop music in Israel. In 2019, singer Omer Adam sold 50,000 tickets in Hayarkon Park, only 1,000 people less to break Kaveret record of 51,000 people at the same place at 2013.

Singers
Jacky Mekaiten (Yemenite Jew Yirmi Naeim (Mizrahi Jew) Yoel Sudmi ( Yemenite Jew)
 * Achinoam Nini (Yemenite Jew)
 * Ahuva Ozeri (1948-2016) (Yemenite Jew)
 * Amir Benayoun (Moroccan Jew)
 * Avi Peretz (Moroccan Jew)
 * Avi Biter (Turkish Jew)
 * Avihu Medina (Yemenite Jew)
 * Bo'az Ma'uda (Yemenite Jew)
 * Daklon (Yemenite Jew)
 * Dana International (Yemenite Jew)
 * David D'Or (Libyan Jew)
 * David Serero (Moroccan Jew)
 * Dudu Aharon (Yemenite Jew)
 * Eden Ben Zaken (Moroccan Jew)
 * Ehud Banai (Persian Jew)
 * Eti Zach (Ishtar) (Egyptian Jew / Moroccan Jew)
 * Etti Ankri (Tunisian Jew)
 * Eviatar Banai (Persian Jew)
 * Eyal Golan (Moroccan Jew / Yemenite Jew)
 * Gad Elbaz (Moroccan Jew)
 * Gali Atari (Yemenite Jew)
 * Haim Moshe (Yemenite Jew)
 * Idan Yaniv (Bukharian Jew / Indian Jew)
 * Itay Levi (Yemenite Jew)
 * Itzik Kala (Kurdish Jew)
 * Jo Amar (1930–2009) (Moroccan Jew)
 * Kobi Oz (Tunisian Jew)
 * Kobi Peretz (Moroccan Jew)
 * Lior Narkis (Iraqi Jew / Serbian Jew (Greek-Tunisian ancestry, maternal grandfather)
 * Margalit Tzan'ani (Yemenite Jew)
 * Maya Buskila (Moroccan Jew)
 * Meir Banai (1960-2017) (Persian Jew)
 * Miri Mesika (Tunisian Jew / Iraqi Jew)
 * Moran Mazor (Georgian Jew)
 * Moshe Peretz (Moroccan Jew / Iraqi Jew)
 * Moshik Afia (Lebanese Jew)
 * Nasrin Kadri (Arab-Israeli)
 * Netta Barzilai (Libyan Jew / Moroccan Jew)
 * Ninet Tayeb (Tunisian Jew / Moroccan Jew)
 * Noa Kirel (Moroccan Jew)
 * Ofer Levi (Kurdish Jew)
 * Ofra Haza (1957–2000) (Yemenite Jew)
 * Omer Adam (Mountain Jew)
 * Pe'er Tasi (Yemenite Jew)
 * Ruhama Raz (Persian Jew)
 * Sarit Hadad (Mountain Jew)
 * Shimi Tavori (Yemenite Jew)
 * Shlomi Shabat (Turkish Jew)
 * Shoshana Damari (1923–2006) (Yemenite Jew)
 * Yael Naim (Tunisian Jew)
 * Yaniv D'Or (Libyan Jew)
 * Yehuda Saado
 * Yishai Levi (Yemenite Jew)
 * Yona Atari (1933-2019) (Yemenite Jew)
 * Yossi Banai (1932-2006) (Persian Jew)
 * Yuval Banai (Persian Jew)
 * Zehava Ben (Moroccan Jew)
 * Tzion Golan (Yemenite Jew)
 * Zohar Argov (1955–1987) (Yemenite Jew)

Music formations

 * The Revivo Project – Raviv Ben Menachem, Nir Ben Menachem and Eliran Tsur
 * Tzliley Hakerem – Daklon, Moshe Ben Moshe (Ben Mosh) and Haim Moshe
 * Tzliley Haud – Rami Danooch, Yehuda Caesar, and David Gazla.
 * Ethnix

title: Mizrahi music


text:
Terminal Choice

Terminal Choice was a German industrial rock band. It was formed by singer Chris Pohl (also of Blutengel, Tumor, Pain of Progress and owner of the Fear Section label) in 1993.

History
Their lyrics are sung in German and English. The sound was originally primarily electronic music, but with the 1998 album Navigator, guitars were added.

Besides Pohl, the original lineup included Jens Gärtner, who provided the drums and loops. In 1997, Manuel Selling was added as a guitar player. He left in 2000 and Gordon Mocznay took over on guitar and bass guitar. Also in 2000, the band's album Ominous Future was ranked number 15 on the German Alternative Charts (DAC) Top 50 Albums of 2000.

A year later in 2001, Louis Manke joined the band as well, adding a second guitar to the band. An album entitled New Born Enemies was released in 2006 and four years later the band released the album Übermacht.

In 2017, Chris Pohl revealed in his biography that Terminal Choice is no longer active due to lack of time. No official statement has been released. The last release were the compilation albums Black Journey 1–3 released in 2011, the band's last gigs were in 2010.

Last lineup

 * Chris Pohl – vocals (1993–2010)
 * Jens Gärtner – drums (1997–2010)
 * Gordon Mocznay – bass (2000–2010)
 * Louis Manke – guitar (2001–2010)

Former members

 * Manuel Selling – bass (1997–2000)
 * Sten Nitschke – producer, remixer (1997–2000) (died 2011)

Demo

 * 1993: Terminal Choice
 * 1994: Nightmare
 * 1994: Facets of Pain
 * 1994: Desiderius
 * 1995: Degernerated Inclinations

Unlisted

 * 1994: In Equal Shares / Split Tape
 * 1994: Demonstrate the Power / titled as demo II

Full-length albums

 * 1996: In the Shadow of Death
 * 1998: Navigator
 * 1999: Black Past (Rare – 1000 copies)
 * 2000: Ominous Future – #15 DAC Top 50 Albums of 2000
 * 2003: Buried a-Live (Live album)
 * 2003: Menschenbrecher
 * 2003: Reloadead ("Best of" album)
 * 2006: New Born Enemies
 * 2010: Übermacht
 * 2011: Black Journey 1
 * 2011: Black Journey 2
 * 2011: Black Journey 3

EPs

 * 1997: Khaosgott
 * 1999: Venus
 * 2002: Collective Suicide
 * 2009: Keine Macht MCD

Singles

 * 1995: Totes Fleisch
 * 1998: Totes Fleisch Remixes
 * 2000: No Chance – #39 DAC Top 100 Singles of 2000
 * 2000: Fading
 * 2000: Animal
 * 2003: Injustice
 * 2006: Don't Go – #11 DAC Singles

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Terminal Choice


text:
Wikipedia:Read the archives

Many article talk pages contain links to archived earlier discussions. These discussions often contain relevant information related to commonly contested content and the resolutions to previous content disputes. New editors to a particular article are encouraged to read any archives before posting their questions so that the talk page maintains a good signal to noise ratio, as opposed to one that is filled with repetitive postings. Talk pages that have a good signal to noise ratio are more likely to attract continued participation. An additional benefit to reading the archives is avoiding resurrecting previously settled disputes prompted by commonly-made objections.

RTA is an initialism for the statement "Read The Archives". This instruction is often given editor new to an article in response to a question or objection that has been previously answered or resolved and easily found by reading the article's archived previous discussions, and suggests that the inquirer may be wasting people's time. Alternately, RTFA is an initialism for "Read The Fucking Archives" and is a play on the engineering/computer science slang term "RTFM". In an effort to make the admonition less offending to newcomers, the expletive "fucking" could be translated as "Fine" or "Friendly". "RTFA" is sometimes used as an escalation for those editors who continue to resist pleas to "RTA."

Critics might say that frequent editors who enjoin new editors to first read the archives or use the phrase RTA are simply expressing elitism, and that their attitude drives away newcomers without helping them. Yet many needless, heated debates could be avoided if newcomers availed themselves of the archived discussions prior to raising issues that are commonly seen and whose resolution is a matter of existing consensus. Resurrecting previously-settled issues can reopen past conflicts which in turn can lead to revert wars and ultimately the protection of the article.

Those long-term editors of a particular article or topic may consider adding to the article's talk page a FAQ, pointing new editors to a list of answers to common questions and resolutions to previous conflicts. This information would be culled from the archives, and provide newcomers with a sort of "quick reference guide" to getting started in the article.

title: Wikipedia:Read the archives


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Andrew mcmahon

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was redirect to Andrew McMahon. Rob Church Talk 19:28, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

Andrew mcmahon
Lead singer in a non-notable band. Possible vanity article. Weak delete. — J I P | Talk 07:08, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Vote changed to keep and cleanup based on User:Halo's and User:Capitalistroadster's comments. — J I P | Talk 09:57, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Vote changed again to redirect as per User:Halo. — J I P | Talk 10:36, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete: Generic message to justify deletion. —M ESSED R OCKER (talk) 07:10, August 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Valhallia 07:11, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong Keep but the article need cleaning up somewhat. Definitely _not_ vanity, the band is very well known. Notable member of a notable band, who is also suffering from a notable illness. There are 14,700 Google hits for his name, and almost 400,000 for his band Something Corporate. Absolutely no idea why the page has been VFD'd. Halo 09:38, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Having rewrote the article, turns we already have a better one at Andrew McMahon. Vote changed to Redirect - Halo 10:22, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep Lead singer with a well-known band within the US. MTV News reports that he has been diagnosed with leukemia and that his side project Mannequin was preparing to release an album. This arguably makes him notable beyond Something Corporate see MTV News Article. Redirect per Halo. Capitalistroadster 09:53, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect. Please don't nominate to VfD any obviously wrongly-titled page. Move first. Then backlinks are picked up, or, as in this case, an actual page into which to merge. Nominating without moving first wastes time. Charles Matthews 10:42, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * At the time I nominated the article, I had never heard of McMahon, so I thought this was the first article created about him. — J I P | Talk 10:44, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Just redirect and be done with it. - Mgm|(talk) 11:13, August 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * REDIRECTED. If someone feels a redirect in the middle of a VfD is a horrible faux pas, they can revert the change. — J I P | Talk 11:20, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * It is generally a bad idea since in some cases it can mess things up considerably. This time, however, it is sensible enough, although I don't see the rush. -Splash 18:58, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User talk:Tsjeytanje

Welcome
Hello, , and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. If you are stuck, and looking for help, please come to the Wikipedia Boot Camp, where experienced Wikipedians can answer any queries you have! Or, you can just type   on your user page, and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! *drew 07:09, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

Mike Dean (referee)
Hello, I had to revert the Mike Dean (referee) because of vandalism, and may have mistakenly reverted some of your constructive edits. You may want to check the page to be sure. Thanks! WDavis1911 18:14, 23 September 2007 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:08, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:33, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Tsjeytanje


text:
Talk:Merthyr Tydfil

Lord of The Rings?
What is the source for the claim that Isengard of LOTR was inspired by Merthyr? I was born and lived 30 years in MT and haven't heard this claim before. --Robert Fraser 07:11, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

I just came to the talk page to ask the same question. And found someone had beaten me to it. I'd really curious now. Telsa 09:31, 7 September 2005 (UTC)

Sorry if my indenting is not appropriate... after reading the comment on the MT page (I was born there, but left Cefn Coed with my parents in 1969) and then here, I thought to go to the LOTR pages to see what might be there - since they would "know" if anyone does. All I found was a reference to Birmingham. I suspect it might be wise to strike this particular comment from the entry. Or, at least change it to something else, implying that's Merthyr's heavy industrialisation was part of what Tolkien's romanticism of the agrarian past was a rebellion against.

I would say though, that however it is said, it should link to a similar (factual!) assertion on one of the LOTR files. human 02:41, September 9, 2005 (UTC)

Whilst trying to integrate "Other" into the main text, have been bold and removed this. This article was the top hit for a Google search on Merthyr and Tolkien: wonder how long that will remain the case? Telsa 12:05, 18 December 2005 (UTC)

All of The Lord of the rings was inspired by Denmark/Norway/Religious aspects it has been proven not by Merthyr Tydfil,as if the great Tolkien would even have visited here. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Cristalhoneyfire (talk • contribs) 19:32, 27 June 2007 (UTC)

White sock capital
I object to the removal of Merthyr's reputation as "The White Sock Capital of the UK". The reference isn't "dubious" as Blisco claims – it comes from the council website. --Adam (Talk) 19:47, 20 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Just because something's on a council website doesn't make it true or notable, especially if the source is a press release. When I removed that sentence the only Google result for Merthyr Tydfil "white sock capital" was that one web page. Furthermore, the only reference on that page is a passing mention with no explanation as to the meaning:

 * ‘All Roads Lead to Merthyr’ Features 17 new and established authors, including the acclaimed Leslie Norris, 1998 Welsh Book of the Year winner Mike Jenkins, Western Mail columnist Mario Basini and Merthyr’s favourite Anthony Bunko, together with a host of others. In contrast to the negative press Merthyr sometimes gets, with jibes about being the “White Sock Capital of the UK”, this book, “All Roads Lead to Merthyr”, illustrates that Merthyr has a vibrant literary culture.

 * – hardly enough to satisfy WP:V or WP:NN, let alone important enough to put in the lead section of the article. Having said that I have just found a more revealing news item (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/2701837.stm) which does explain the background and give statistics, so if you think it's notable enough to go in the article then feel free to include it. I think you'll need a better source than a press release on a council website to justify claims that Merthyr is generally known by that epithet, though. --Blisco 22:17, 20 September 2006 (UTC)

Christianity and King Arthur
I cleaned up the flow of the Coming of Christianity section. It seemed to jump around a great deal and was confusing. I split the naming legend and the King arthur reference to a Local Legends section, as these paragraphs did not seem to about the coming of Christianity in any way.

I found the statement about the introduction of Christianity particularly confusing. It seemed to be leading to imply that the Romans introduced Christianity, but the following statement about the Irish and French monks seemed to controvert this. I could not find reference material that clarified who did introduce Christianity locally; so, I tried to clarify the langauge while presenting what appeared to be the meaning of the original paragraph.

I am not sure if the King Arthur legend should be referenced here at all. I cannot find anything tying the legend to this town or region specifically, just the region. I did not want to make the decision to remove this material; so, instead I added some details and clarifications and added a link to the Ambrosius Aurelianus page. I considered adding refernces to the following: http://britannia.com/history/biographies/ambros.html and http://www.historyfiles.co.uk/FeaturesBritain/BritishAmbrosiusAurelianus.htm, but since this was already borderline off-topic, it didn't seem appropriate.

Enzym3 01:47, 7 October 2006 (UTC)

Schools
Should the list of "Primary schools/nurseries" be alphabetized? And is Ysgol-y-Graig still open? It was in Cefn when I went there, but I guess Cefn is part of Merthyr now... Huw Powell (talk) 17:23, 16 February 2008 (UTC)

Early Modern Merthyr Tydfil
This section is underdeveloped and lacks some of the most basic facts of Merthyr Tydfil. When was a permenant settlement founded here? How big was it, when did fair start being held regularly? Fairs generally denote a settlement has become regarded as a town this is important in the town's history, and the comment that they brough wealth to some and poverty to others needs justifying.

Anlbe (talk) 11:38, 14 March 2008 (UTC)

The decline of coal and iron
"The steel and coal industries began to decline after World War One, and by the 1930’s, they had all closed." what had all closed by the 1930s? This sentence implies it is the steel and coal industries.

Anlbe (talk) 12:20, 14 March 2008 (UTC)

School league table
I removed the 'league table' of school results because Estyn doesn't inspect schools annually, so the exam results cited won't necessarily be directly comparable. People may be aware that since 2001, the Assembly Government hasn't published individual school performance information. Information on individual schools is still available in prospectuses and governors’ annual reports, but adding them all together to produce a local league table may violate WP:SYNTH. I've been doing the same edit in numerous articles, however in this case I left the list of schools intact, since previous contributors seem to be intent on building a list of all local education providers. Pondle (talk) 23:43, 26 March 2009 (UTC)

Merthyr Tudful/Merthyr Tydfil
Hopefully someone can explain to me in simple terms that if Merthyr Tudful is Welsh, what langauge is Merthyr Tydfil or is it another Anglo invention that doesn't really mean anything? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.53.204.196 (talk) 16:24, 9 June 2009 (UTC)

 * I think if you check back it was an attempt by the then Welsh civic leaders to come up with an authentic Welsh spelling, rather than the bastardised English version that had existed prior to that. Unfortunately, they got it wrong.  A bit like your spelling of language really! Skinsmoke (talk) 21:55, 9 July 2009 (UTC)

Very helpful, thanks. Apologies for the spelling. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.53.204.196 (talk) 15:22, 22 July 2009 (UTC)

Ranks
The article has a lot of "Ranks 21st", "Ranks 13th worst", etc., without much explanation of what MT is being ranked among. My guess is that the positive rankings are among the 22 county-like entities of Wales, and the "worst" ones are among the county-like entities of Britain. But it is not clear. A statement would help. Maproom (talk) 14:18, 9 July 2009 (UTC)
 * That whole section, although now cited, needs a complete rewrite. A list of rankings is not the preferred format.  This needs rewriting into a coherent paragraph and expanding to give it some meaning. Skinsmoke (talk) 16:35, 5 August 2009 (UTC)

Merthyr Tydfil FC
MTFC are now ground-sharing with Taff's Well FC (approx 15 miles from Merthyr), having been evicted from Penydarren Park in 2010 —Preceding unsigned comment added by 132.185.240.122 (talk) 18:47, 3 February 2011 (UTC)

Viagra Discovery
Are you sure about this statement: "While testing a new angina treatment, researchers in Merthyr Tydfil discovered (purely by accident) that the new drug had erection-stimulating side effects. This discovery would go on to form the basis for Viagra.[9] " ? Pfizer would say their people invented it in Sandwich, Kent. The Wikipedia article on Viagra makes no mention of Merthyr. --Mat Teja (talk) 10:17, 28 February 2012 (UTC)
 * This really needs a better source, but I have heard this fact before. The drug was not developed in Merthyr and no one claims that, but Merthyr has one of the worst illness levels in Britain, and a statistically high level of heart disease. Therefore it could well be that the developers had their best chance of finding their required sample group in the population of Merthyr. The story then goes that when the trial was over a vast number of men stated that they had lost or thrown out their excess tablets. When this was investigated further it was discovered that Viagra had a secondary function under which it is marketed today. FruitMonkey (talk) 10:50, 28 February 2012 (UTC)
 * A good firm source? Martinevans123 (talk) 12:27, 28 February 2012 (UTC)
 * That stands out. I'll pop it now. FruitMonkey (talk) 12:51, 28 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Great - it reads better now, and it is clearer that Merthyr people were not responsible for discovering or developing the active compound. Thanks Mat Teja (talk) 11:17, 1 March 2012 (UTC)

Town or County Borough
Shouldn't this article actually be two? Over the years, as facts have been added, some confusion seems to have arisen. Does the article refer to the town or the county borough? There are also references to the parliamentary constituencies, which already exist as different pages. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Caradog Llywelyn (talk • contribs) 12:49, 12 June 2013 (UTC)

I think it would make more sense to cut and paste most of the table on the right into a new Merthyr Tydfil County Borough article, with links and some info taken from this page into the new MTCB one...and a new table on this page focusing on the town.--Caradog Llywelyn (talk) 12:58, 12 June 2013 (UTC)

 * I tend to agree with you here - in fact there's already Caerphilly County Borough as an exemplar. It is confusing at the moment. The article is almost entirely about the town of Merthyr Tydfil, while the Infobox is about Merthyr Tyfdil County Borough. With areas like Cardiff, the county and the city are much the same thing, but in the case of Merthyr Tydfil the county borough includes more than the principal town. I would suggest a new article is created about the Merthyr Tydfil County Borough. Sionk (talk) 13:30, 12 June 2013 (UTC)

 * Much improved, nice work! Sionk (talk) 17:37, 12 June 2013 (UTC)

Motto
The translation of the motto has been changed a few times recently. I have reverted it to the translation given by Gwyn A. Williams, the Welsh-speaking historian from Dowlais who was an expert on the history of Merthyr. The section on the motto on Merthyr's website (Mayor - general information) is unfortunately rather misleading, not only as regards the translation but also in its claim that the motto was taken from an 'Old Welsh manuscript'. In fact, as noted by Gwyn A. Williams, it was coined by Iolo Morganwg. Troellwr (talk) 20:13, 11 February 2014 (UTC)

Whatever it says in the book, the translation is still incorrect. "NID" IN WELSH MEANS "NOT" rather than "No". "No strength" would be "Dim Cadarn" Also the very idea of having absolutely "NO strength", when the second line clearly attributes a type of strength in "brotherhood" (or "fellowship"; to delete one at the expense of the other when relating to a translation is surly beyond trivial) makes a nonsense of the first line; a nonsense that doesn't exist in the original Welsh. I admire GAW greatly but in this instance I think either his fluency in Welsh has tainted his use of English (he seems to be using English words while thinking in Welsh; no problem if you're bilingual but for monoglot English speakers it makes a nonsense of the motto) or possibly there's simply been a typo where a "t" has been dropped. Both common-sense and a basic understanding of the Welsh language would translate the first line as "Not strength" or possibly "little strength"; meaning physical strength is not the emphasis, which is quite different to saying it does not exist at all. It’s a pity that this element is being compromised for no real reason other than dogmatic adherence to a previously published mistake, especially when there are correct versions also available. Caradog Llywelyn (talk) 16:06, 14 February 2014 (UTC)

I have corrected the "no" to "nid". I can't find any dictionary that gives "no" as a translation for this word. If this is unsatisfactory we could possibly state that "No" is the GAW version, then list numerous Welsh language dictionaries to clarify the correct translation or possibly just delete the English altogether and let readers work it out for themselves. Caradog Llywelyn (talk) 16:20, 14 February 2014 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the comments. We obviously disagree, so let's work towards a resolution. I won't revert to my original suggestion, although that would in many ways be justified. My edit included a reference to an academic publication by an acknowledged expert in the field, which is considered by Wikipedia to be the most reliable kind of source (Help:Introduction to referencing/4). While you have every right to disagree with it, Wikipedia relies on references rather than opinions, so if you feel that 'Whatever it says in the book, the translation is still incorrect' you need to provide references for that, ideally from another academic/peer reviewed source. I hope that you won't mind me suggesting that using capitals to make a point does not strengthen the argument, and is not really consistent with the concept of editing civility.

 * As regards the translation of 'Nid cadarn ond brodyrdde', the current version 'Not strength but brotherhood' does not convey the original meaning. The question is not really about what 'nid' means but what 'nid ... ond ...' means ('(there is) no .... but/except for ...' ). There are two basic ways of translating the motto: '(There is) no strength but brotherhood' or '(There is) no strength except in brotherhood'. Otherwise 'Brotherhood is the only strength' or 'Only brotherhood is strong'. I'll choose one of these, but won't mind if other editors prefer another. They are all roughly equivalent to the version given by Gwyn A. Williams.Troellwr (talk) 12:59, 15 February 2014 (UTC)

 * The Wikipedia article should reflect what reliable authorities say, rather than the opinions of random Wikipedia editors, shouldn't it? Gwyn A. Williams is a respected, published historian so surely he trumps any other opinion. Otherwise find a source that gives a 'better' translation. Sionk (talk) 22:44, 15 February 2014 (UTC)

 * As I've said before, I'm happy with the Williams version. But it's not given in quotation marks to indicate that it's a strict translation, so personally I wouldn't argue with minor changes in wording that don't change the meaning. 'Not strength but brotherhood', however, is a mistranslation.Troellwr (talk) 12:41, 16 February 2014 (UTC)

User:Troellwr: I apologise if my capitalization read a little offensive. I guess I just felt a little frustrated...I know that doesn't excuse expressing it, so apologies. And you're right about 'nid...ond'. I think your version; '(There is) no strength except in brotherhood', works perfectly as a translation. It's correct and unambiguous (maybe highlighting my point about GAW writing in English but perhaps thinking in Welsh as 'No strength but brotherhood' could mean exactly the same as your version but is perhaps more likely to be understood as meaning 'no strength (whatsoever) but brotherhood (instead of strength)'. I know we need to use the most reliable sources but where sources are so few and far between I think an analysis of the language (as we're doing here), which is based on genuinely trying to identify a true consensual translation should be valid, which is very different to opinion, and unless referencing translation text books, is surely more reliable than a reference pool of one. I think the last edit: 'Only brotherhood is strong' works well. Caradog Llywelyn (talk) 21:23, 19 February 2014 (UTC)

 * User:Caradog Llywelyn: Thank you for the message, and no offence taken at all.Troellwr (talk) 09:36, 13 March 2014 (UTC)

Merthyr Vale?
What about the Merthyr Vale colliery, and the nearby Aberfan disaster? Valetude (talk) 23:59, 1 January 2020 (UTC)

Pronunciation
We have hit here upon a commonly occuring situation on English-language Wikipedia: the IPA transcription for the 'English' pronunciation for a Welsh place name is arbitrary and misleading. In this case, the cited English-langauge pronunciation is. The problem that immediately leaps out here is that it contains [r], and Merthyr is simply almost never pronounced rhotically (that is to say, with an 'r' sound, trilled or otherwise) in Wales or indeed the UK generally. How can we therefore lead with a pronunciation which doesn't actually exist?

It is the case that with Welsh place names, formed in and by the Welsh language, there is not really a single 'English' pronunciation. In the case of Merthyr, surely we should at least not state or imply that the 'English' pronunciation is rhotic? Llabbillob (talk) 10:45, 7 May 2024 (UTC)

 * It is cited, so there is evidence of those pronunciations, rather than WP:OR. I am aware, there are calls to mass-remove English pronunciations from Wikipedia. Raise a long discussion at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Wales, following similar edits concerning them.  Dank Jae  10:54, 7 May 2024 (UTC)
 * I accept that it is cited, but the citation is not correct: I think you'd agree that 'Merthyr' is not pronounced by English speakers with a trilled 'r', many of whom would not be familiar with the trilling of r altogether. The currently cited IPA states that in English, the /r/ is pronounced in 'Merthyr' - twice. Stating this is not original research: unless you can furnish evidence that speakers of English in the UK have rhotic accents (i.e., pronounce their r), then the currently cited IPA for the English is at best completely misleading. Llabbillob (talk) 10:59, 7 May 2024 (UTC)
 * @Llabbillob, Help:IPA/English states r there doesn't represent a trill.  Dank  Jae  11:10, 7 May 2024 (UTC)
 * The cites provide audio files with no trill. So it doesn't seem they intended to say there is a trill.  Dank Jae  11:12, 7 May 2024 (UTC)
 * The point still remains: that is only relevant to rhotic accents, of which there very few remaining in the UK (assuming that it is UK English that is being represented here). Do you accept, then, that speakers of English would pronounce the 'r's in 'Merthyr' in standard English? Llabbillob (talk) 11:12, 7 May 2024 (UTC)
 * This is the inconsistency that I have been referring to: the IPA given does not match what is encountered. See the pronunciation given by Collins, for example: https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/merthyr-tydfil. It is non-rhotic here, with no 'r's pronounced. Llabbillob (talk) 11:17, 7 May 2024 (UTC)
 * that's fair then, as long as its kept and cited.  Dank Jae  11:22, 7 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Merthyr Tydfil


text: User talk:203.103.115.74

title: User talk:203.103.115.74


text:
Torah Bright

Torah Jane Bright (born 27 December 1986) is an Australian former professional snowboarder. She is Australia's most successful Winter Olympian, former Olympic gold and silver medalist, two time X Games gold medalist, three time US Open winner, two time Global Open Champion, three time World Superpipe Champion, former TTR World Champion and recipient of the Best Female Action Sports Athlete at the ESPY awards. In 2014 Bright became the first Olympic athlete (male or female) to qualify for all three snowboarding disciplines; halfpipe, slopestyle and boarder-cross.

Early life
Bright was born in Cooma, New South Wales on 27 December 1986, to parents Peter and Marion Bright; she is the fourth of five siblings. Her parents named her "Torah" after her sister Rowena learned from her Jewish piano teacher that the name referred to the Jewish name for the first five books of the Tanakh and meant "bearer of a great spiritual message" and suggested the name for her new sister.

Bright grew up in Cooma, New South Wales and attended Cooma North Public School at the base of the Snowy Mountains. She started out as a downhill ski racer.

Bright's brother, Ben, is also a professional snowboarder and was her coach. Her older sister, Rowena, competed in the 2002 Salt Lake City Olympics in alpine skiing.

Career
Bright uses a goofy stance.

Bright finished 30th overall at the 2005 World Championships in Whistler, Canada and was runner-up for the World Cup title during the 2003–04 season.

Bright entered only three World Cup events during the 2004–05 season, both in February at the 2006 Winter Olympic venue of Bardonecchia. She placed third in both events, qualifying for the Australian Olympic team.

In 2006, Bright earned a silver medal at the Winter X Games in Aspen, Colorado. She returned the following year, winning the gold medal in the women's superpipe event. She is the first Australian snowboarder to ever win gold at the Winter X Games (11), beating Winter Olympic medalists Gretchen Bleiler and Hannah Teter.

In 2007, Bright took first at the Nissan X-Trail Nippon Open in the women's halfpipe, giving her back-to-back wins in two consecutive competitions. At the 2007 World Super Pipe Championships in Park City, Utah, Bright won first place, beating 2002 Olympic gold medalist Kelly Clark. In late 2007, she made the podium for both events in the Roxy Chicken Jam, the final event in the TTR (Ticket to Ride) Snowboard Tour, where she became the 2007 TTR world champion.

In 2010, at the Winter Olympics at Vancouver, Bright was chosen to carry the flag for Australia at the opening ceremonies, and qualified for the no. 1 spot for the final of the women's halfpipe, despite suffering two concussions beforehand in training. Crashing out in her first run in the final, Bright was the first competitor to make a second run. With a successful second run, she posted a score of 45.0, which remained the highest score through the field's second run. Bright became the fourth Australian to win a Winter Olympics gold medal.

In 2013 at the Winter X Games XVII in Aspen, Colorado, Bright came in fourth in the superpipe behind medalists Kelly Clark, Elena Hight, and Arielle Gold.

In 2014 at the Winter Olympics at Sochi, having entered an unprecedented triple of slopestyle, halfpipe, and boarder-cross, Bright finished 7th in the inaugural women's slopestyle final and went on to win silver with a score of 91.50 in the women's halfpipe. This was Australia's first medal at the 2014 Winter Olympics. The medal also saw Bright surpass Alisa Camplin to become Australia's most successful female Winter Olympics athlete.

Bright was a participant in the fourteenth season of Dancing with the Stars.

In 2020 Bright appeared in the documentary film Out of Bounds, snowboarding some of the most extreme reaches of the planet: "I came out of the journey totally inspired by nature and people. There are so many people who do care and are doing their part to create awareness and change. There is a shift in consciousness and it's a beautiful thing to witness."

Bright rarely entered competition after the 2014 Olympics, and suffered a wrist fracture after returning to competition 2 months before the 2018 Olympics. She officially announced her retirement from competition in January 2020.

Endorsements
Bright has a lifelong sponsorship with Rhythm Snowsports, located in her home town Cooma. She also has a head-to-toe sponsorship with Roxy, the female-specific brand of action-sports company Quiksilver. For the 2008–09 season, she worked to expand her career into design, working on a new addition to the Roxy's women's line, dubbed the "Bright Series," which includes her snowboard, the Roxy Eminence. Her other sponsors include Subway and Boost Mobile.

Competition results

 * 2003
 * Runner Up for the World Cup Title – 2003–04 season

 * 2004
 * 1st – Half-Pipe – FIS World Cup, Turin
 * 2nd – World Cup, Whistler, British Columbia
 * 2nd – FIS World Cup, Juetsu, Japan
 * 3rd – FIS World Cup, Sapporo, Japan
 * 2nd – Roxy pro, Les Arc, France

 * 2005
 * 1st – Arctic Challenge, Tromsø, Norway
 * 2nd – US Open
 * 1st – Nippon Open
 * 3rd – FIS World Cup
 * 3rd – Slopestyle – Roxy Chicken Jam (USA)
 * 30th – 2005 World Championships in Whistler, Canada

 * 2006
 * 1st – Half-pipe – US Open
 * 1st – Superpipe – World Super-pipe Championships Park City, Utah.
 * 1st – Vans Cup

 * 2007
 * Burton Global Open Champion
 * TTR World Snowboard Tour Champion 06/07
 * 1st – Half-pipe – Burton New Zealand Open
 * 4th – Slopestyle – Burton New Zealand Open
 * 2nd – Half-pipe – Roxy Chicken Jam (USA)
 * 3rd – Slopestyle – Roxy Chicken Jam (USA)
 * 2nd – Slopestyle – Burton US Open
 * 3rd – Half-pipe – Burton US Open
 * 1st – Superpipe – World Super-pipe Championships
 * 1st – Half-pipe – X-Trail Nippon Open
 * 1st – Half-pipe – EXPN Winter X Games 11

 * 2008
 * 2nd – TTR World Snowboard Tour 07/08
 * 1st – Superpipe – World Superpipe Championships – Park City, UT.
 * 2nd – Super-pipe – EXPN Winter X Games 12 (Aspen)
 * 1st – Superpipe – Nippon Open Japan
 * 1st – Superpipe – Burton US Open, Vermont
 * Burton Global Open Champion

 * 2009
 * 1st – Superpipe – Toyota Championship (Winter Dew Tour)
 * 1st – Superpipe – EXPN Winter X games 13 (Aspen, Colorado)

 * 2010
 * 1st – Half-pipe – Winter Olympics (2010 Winter Olympics)

 * 2013
 * 1st – Superpipe – iON Mountain Championships (Winter Dew Tour)

 * 2014
 * 2nd – Half-pipe – Winter Olympics (2014 Winter Olympics)
 * 7th – Slopestyle – Winter Olympics (2014 Winter Olympics)

Personal life
Bright is a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

Bright was married to American pro snowboarder Jake Welch from 2010 to 2013.

Bright married snowboarder Angus Thomson in September 2015. The couple has two sons, born in July 2020 and May 2023.

title: Torah Bright


text: User talk:69.229.201.149

title: User talk:69.229.201.149


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Gagan Gonzales

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. android 79  01:31, 23 September 2005 (UTC)

Gagan Gonzales
I placed the Speedy on this first via A7 but i guess it didnt qualify but still Varity Strong Delete--Aranda56 07:20, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

Delete vanity. The picture looks like a poorly done fake. -- WCFrancis 01:27, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

This is not a vanity page. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Wdragon (talk • contribs) 20:50, 2 September 2005

I am relisting this as a made a mistake while i was still in my newbie stage of wikipedia and made a few mistakes relisting so im getting the extra votes I need for someone to delete this --Aranda56 02:27, 15 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete, nn (<1k google), possibly vanity? -GregAsche (talk) 02:33, 15 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete fakey-looking picture, 4 unique google hits (including WP), certainly unverifiable. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 11:12, 15 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn. ♥purplefeltangel (talk) ♥ (Contributions) 21:30, 20 September 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: User talk:North Lights

title: User talk:North Lights


text:
Talk:Virginal breast hypertrophy

petition
lol. Must have been some feminazi who decided that big boobs were a medical disorder... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 158.121.6.78 (talk • contribs)

 * I suggest you walk around for a day with some weights strapped to your chest. When you start feeling the back pain you may understand. JFW | T@lk  22:04, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

 * If the woman was smart enough to not wear a bra her coopers ligaments would be in good shape and she wouldent feel any pain... But thats not how society works. And I agree it probably is some feminazi that decicded this was a bad thing.. Girls get breats all the time and they end up being big.. but because it happens fast and with a little girl there is suddenly something wrong with it.. Aaron Bongart (talk) 03:12, 11 September 2009 (UTC)

Virginal?
Why "Virginal"? Surely virginity isn't a prerequisite? Nik42 05:39, 4 December 2005 (UTC)

 * "Virginal" to distinguish it from "gestational" i.e., occurring during the course of pregnancy. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 172.130.150.64 (talk) 07:09, 1 February 2008 (UTC)

you guys do realize that the breasts also grow asymmetrically? often a girl with this disease will have one huge breast. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.81.223.209 (talk • contribs)

 * I object to the use of the word "disease". It's a "condition". Also, it's probably assumed that a girl going through puberty is still a virgin. Ok, nowadays it might not necessarily be the case, but it is implied.  Don MEGĂ 60645  Talk | Contribs  12:56, 11 July 2006 (UTC)

I would suggest that the article establish whether or not the condition has anything to do with virginity.75.35.93.22 (talk) 02:51, 24 May 2009 (UTC)vir

 * The use of the term virginal breast hypertrophy is a medical term, not a literal description of a teen girl's sexual experience. It has nothing to do with her virginity or lack thereof. -- btphelps (talk) (contribs)

You’re assuming this is from the modern English word ‘virgin’, meaning ‘person who hasn’t had sex’. It is from the Latin virginālis, the adjectival form of virgō (‘maiden’, ‘young girl’). — Chameleon 01:09, 8 July 2010 (UTC)

Refrences and images
This pages has no links to pages with information on this condition, nor any pictures desplaying what the condition looks like. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Rick lay95 (talk • contribs)

 * Do not use "cleanup" for this. You may want unreferenced. JFW | T@lk  22:29, 31 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I would also like to see some pictures and external links. Acewolf359 01:31, 13 December 2006 (UTC)

 * I am sure alot of us would like to see some more images, it would help the article.... Aaron Bongart (talk) 03:13, 11 September 2009 (UTC)

Tales from Texas

 * The following was added by two anons, the latter a known vandal:

There is a reported case of VBH in Mckinney, Texas. The individual wishes to remain anonymous, but it is a 14 year old caucasian female. "It happened when I was in seventh grade, over a period of about two weeks, my breasts just wouldn't stop growing. My parents home-school me now, because they thought I'd get teased and there probably right." She was asked about physical condtions that acompany this disease. "Well, one obviouse one is the weight, which can really get anoying. My doctor recomends I get alot of exercise or I could really start having back problems, so I've joined alot of sports including tennis, vollyball and swimming, which I think really does help." she says. Her doctor has also recomended a breast reduction but both her and her parents refuse. "I'm a very devout christian," she says, "and I believe God does everything for a reason. If he gave me this condition, he must have his reasons, thats why I've already decided I'm never getting a reduction, even when I grow old." She was asked about her problems besides the weight. "Well, since its pretty humid down here I get rashes under my breasts from time to time. Also another obvious side effect is sagging, which is a little embarrasing for me since I'm only fourteen. And theres alot more problems besides physical ones - alot of boys tease me about, and so do some girls. Also I get stared at alot, but more with disguest than anything else. Plus I have to buy all my bras online, and they cost a fortune. And don't even get me started on clothes, I can't find anything to wear." This was reported March 26, 2007
 * At the very least this needs a proper reference giving a reliable source. .. dave souza, talk 14:36, 26 March 2007 (UTC)
 * No way this isn't a joke. "Tennis, volleyball, and swiming", the first two require you jump a lot[Mentally sick sense of humor :/], and for the last one, more buoyancy probably helps, but jeez. I know those are good sports but we've confirmed you can not shake excess flesh off. You're going to be teased for having a massive rack and jumping around with it. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.185.119.4 (talk) 05:15, 13 March 2009 (UTC)

Is this a joke?
Virgin Breast hyper-trophys... Umm, sounds like someone pulled one over on Wikipedia. Sounds like virgins with big trophy breasts... am I the only one that sees this? Mortsey 01:48, 24 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Not "Virgin Breast hyper-trophys", but "virginal hypertrophy of breast" (VHB). And it has nothing to do with a "virgin". The "virginal" is not for "a woman who never had sex", but besides "juvenile macromastia" / "juvenile gigantomastia" it is the 2nd official calling for macromastia/gigantomastia in PUBERTY with the normal breast growing, means not in cases of pregnancy. You will find alot about it around the net and lots of books. I will add some links.
 * But note: That cases are about girls in puberty, means girls from 9 to 16 y.o., and this is not a "boob-fetish-site" for pedophiles. So you will find only a few of pics in medical reports.
 * Beside of it ... Every woman with huge breasts, who get them not from pregnancy, was a case of VHB before. And for this there are lots of pics around. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 88.64.35.181 (talk • contribs)

Merge discussion
There is not enough information to support two articles on a very closely related subject, Gigantomastia and Virginal breast hypertrophy, which are about the same disorder at different periods in a female's life. I recommend merging the two under the former. See the discussion here. -- btphelps (talk) (contribs)

title: Talk:Virginal breast hypertrophy


text:
Nimmitabel

Nimmitabel is a small town in the Monaro region in southeast New South Wales, Australia, in the Snowy Monaro Regional Council local government area. At the, Nimmitabel had a population of 324.

Etymology
Nimmitabel means "the place where many waters start or divide" in the local Aboriginal language. Many various spellings were adopted for the town, including: Nimmytabell (1837), Nimitabelle (1838), Nimmitabool (1841), Nimmittybel (1844), Nimmitabel(1845), Nimmitybelle, Nimithybale, Nymytable (all in 1848), Nimmitabil(1851), Nimitabille and Nimithy Bell(1856), Nimaty-Bell(1857), Nimmitabel(1858)

Geography
The town is 37 km south of Cooma and 75 km west of Bega. Nimmitabel is on a stretch of highway shared between the Snowy Mountains Highway (HWY B72) and the Monaro Highway (HWY B23). It is on the southern end of the Great Dividing Range, at the west of the Monaro Range, and lies 20 km west of the Wadbilliga National Park. The area around Nimmitabel has the only true chernozem soil in Australia, a very rich, fertile and dark coloured soil.

Climate
Nimmitabel has a cool oceanic climate (Köppen Cfb) with cool to mild summers and cold winters, with evenly-spread, modest rainfall throughout the year. Frosts occur regularly throughout the year, even at the height of summer. It is decently sunny, with 102.2 clear days annually, being largely on account of its leeward location.

Because of its elevation and southern latitude, several snowfalls can be expected each year from May through to October; on rare occasions, snow flurries may even occur in summer. Snow can occur heavily at times. The town has recorded sub-freezing daily maxima on multiple occasions: -0.6 C on 13 June 1965, and shortly thereafter -1.1 C on 17 July 1965.

History

 * 1840 Locals started calling the village Nimoitebool
 * 1845 Appears on Townsend's map as Nimmitabel
 * 1858 Church was built
 * 1857 Renewal of licence for hotel
 * 1858 Post office arrives
 * 1861 Bell's Store
 * 1863 Separate Courthouse built
 * 1865 Geldmacher builds windmill
 * 1866 Cameron's Store opens
 * 1869 Nimmitabel Public School opens
 * 1912 Railway arrives
 * 1921 Area's first saw-mill opens
 * 1959 Used as location for multi-Oscar nominated film The Sundowners
 * 1986 Railway closes

title: Nimmitabel


text: User:Laurencooper

title: User:Laurencooper


text:
User talk:Wilbot

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Alai 07:17, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Fair use rationale for Image:MKWiiBoxart.jpg
Thanks for uploading or contributing to Image:MKWiiBoxart.jpg. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is not a suitable explanation or rationale as to why each specific use in Wikipedia constitutes fair use. Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale.

If you have uploaded other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on those pages too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free media lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. NOTE: once you correct this, please remove the tag from the image's page. STBotI (talk) 08:08, 15 February 2008 (UTC)

"Did You know" notification
Hi. I've nominated Chrono Resurrection, an article you created, for consideration to appear on the Main Page as part of Did you know. You can see the hook for the article at Template talk:Did you know, where you can improve it if you see fit. Thanks, Kariteh (talk) 10:43, 27 June 2008 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:52, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Lij2 listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has asked for a discussion to address the redirect Lij2. Since you had some involvement with the Lij2 redirect, you might want to participate in the redirect discussion if you have not already done so. Lordtobi ( ✉ ) 20:02, 11 June 2017 (UTC)

"Bbbp" listed at Redirects for discussion
A discussion is taking place to address the redirect Bbbp. The discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2021 August 18 until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. AllegedlyHuman (talk) 06:17, 18 August 2021 (UTC)

ArbCom 2023 Elections voter message
 Hello! Voting in the 2023 Arbitration Committee elections is now open until 23:59 (UTC) on. All eligible users are allowed to vote. Users with alternate accounts may only vote once.

The Arbitration Committee is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the Wikipedia arbitration process. It has the authority to impose binding solutions to disputes between editors, primarily for serious conduct disputes the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the authority to impose site bans, topic bans, editing restrictions, and other measures needed to maintain our editing environment. The arbitration policy describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail.

If you wish to participate in the 2023 election, please review the candidates and submit your choices on the voting page. If you no longer wish to receive these messages, you may add to your user talk page. MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 00:21, 28 November 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:Wilbot


text:
Talk:Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm

L-M is for nonlinear least squares problems only
The article needs to make clear that the L-M algorithm is for solving nonlinear least squares problems, not the more general class of nonlinear optimization problems. In fact, the introduction used to give the impression that the L-M algorithm is used to solve general nonlinear optimization problems, which is not true.

Functions vs. Values
The article talks about "the functions $$f(x_i,\boldsymbol \beta+\boldsymbol \delta)$$". This confused the heck out of me, until I realized that what is meant is the values of the function $$f(x,\boldsymbol \beta+\boldsymbol \delta)$$ at $$x_i$$. Similar confused terminology is used at other points in the article, for example when calling $$J_i$$ the gradient. These kind of terminology issues make the article hard to read. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.65.109.181 (talk) 12:09, 13 September 2013 (UTC)

Inconsistency
In the article is says that Levenberg's contribution is in introducing lambda. But at the same time in the references it says that he was the first to publish the algorithm in 1944 or something. This seems a bit contradictory to me. Ravn-hawk (talk) 15:38, 28 September 2011 (UTC)

Possible replacement article?
Could I please recommend that people interested in this article look at Sam Roweis' document on Levenberg Marquardt at . It seems to be a very complete discription. If it were simply pasted in (pdf2html?) it would answer the questions below and add detail. This would have to be checked with the author, of course, which I will be happy to do. I am new to this, so my etiquette is probably short of the mark, but I hope this is useful.
 * I suggest that if you think there is valuable insights in Roweis' article you might use the information there to improve the existing wikipedia article. The questions below are not fundamentally important, but the article can be improved. Certainly no case for wholesale replacement.Billlion 09:49, 5 September 2006 (UTC)

correction
Should
 * (JTJ + λ)q = -JTf

be
 * (JTJ + λ I)q = -JTf. ?

—The preceding unsigned comment was added by 129.13.70.88 (talk • contribs) on 08:18, 29 August 2005.

 * Both formulas have the same meaning, namely JTJq + λq = −JTf. As far as I am concerned, it is a matter of taste which you prefer, but the second is perhaps clearer. -- Jitse Niesen (talk) 20:46, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

All formulas have a lack of negative sign. For example:
 * $$\mathbf{(J^{T}J)\boldsymbol \delta = J^{T} [y - f(\boldsymbol \beta)]} \!$$

should be:
 * $$\mathbf{(J^{T}J)\boldsymbol \delta = -J^{T} [y - f(\boldsymbol \beta)]} \!$$

finding this bug took quite some time. And it should be pointed out, how to get to this formula. --vogt31337 9:00 26 January 2012 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Vogt31337 (talk • contribs)

@ Vogt31337: i think there is no sign missing since J is the jacobian of f and f has a negativ sign in S. the goal is to minimize S and therefore we want to go in direction of negativ jacobian of S which turns out to be the negative jacobian of -f and thus -(-J) = J. -- Georg

@ Vogt31337: I agree with you. -- D — Preceding unsigned comment added by 192.55.54.42 (talk) 23:13, 28 June 2019 (UTC)

Transpose
Where f and p are introduced:

 * fT=(f1, ..., fm), and pT=(p1, ..., pn).

they are presented with superscript T, which I think indicates that they are transposed. But f extends over 1..m, and p extends over 1..n, so I don't understand why both are transposed. Can someone please explain what I am missing here? Thanks. --CarlManaster 22:49, 15 December 2005 (UTC)

 * I think the reasoning is that (f1, ..., fm) is a row vector. However, we want f to be a column vector. So the transpose is used to convert from rows to columns. It is perhaps clearer to write
 * f=(f1, ..., fm)T, and p=(p1, ..., pn)T.
 * To be honest, many mathematical texts do not bother to distinguish between row and column vectors, hoping that the reader can deduce from the context which one is meant.
 * Perhaps you know this, and your question is: why do we want to use a column vector? Well, f has to be a column vector because fTf further down the article should be a inner product, and p has to be a column vector because it's added to q, which is a column vector because otherwise the product Jq does not make sense. -- Jitse Niesen (talk) 23:19, 15 December 2005 (UTC)

Improvement by Marquardt
What's about the improvement Marquardt made to the algorithm? He replaced I by diag[H], i.e. the diagonal of the (approximated) Hessian, to incorporate some local curvature estimation. This makes the algorithm go further in directions of smaller gradient to get out of narrow valleys on the error surface.

last entry by G.k. 13:46, 27 April 2006 (UTC)

I believe this is correct. It also has the important practical benefit of making λ dimensionless, so λ=1 is (I think) a sensible general starting point.

 * A way to address this might be to add a section called (say) "Improved solution" after the "Choice of damping parameter" section, with the new formula. The original "solution" section and this new one should probably be better referenced as well.  Thoughts?  I may give it a shot soon.  Baccyak4H (Yak!) 18:29, 25 July 2007 (UTC)

I believe Marquardt's suggested improvement was actually to scale the approximate hessian matrix, $$J^{T}J$$. The scaling had an effect similar to replacing the identity matrix with the diagonal of the hessian approximation. Marquardt suggests scaling the hessian approximation by an amount that makes the diagonal elements ones. Adding a constant diagonal matrix to the scaled matrix is similar to adding a proportion of the diagonal elements to the unscaled matrix. The scaling applied to the other elements of the hessian approximation improves the condition of the matrix. I suggest the following:

$$q = \Sigma_J[\hat{J}^T\hat{J} + \lambda{}I]^{-1}\hat{J}^T [y - f(p)]$$

where $$\Sigma_J$$ is the square diagonal matrix:

$$\Sigma_J = [\mbox{diag}[J^TJ]]^{-\frac{1}{2}}$$ and the scaled Jacobian, $$\hat{J}$$, is:

$$\hat{J} = J\Sigma_J$$

The square matrix, $$\hat{J}^T\hat{J}$$, is then a scaled version of the squared Jacobian, $$J^{T}J$$, where the scale factor is the root mean square of the columns of $$J^{T}J$$. The result of the scaling is ones on all the diagonal elements of $$\hat{J}^T\hat{J}$$.

Note that more recent implementations that use the Levenberg-Marquardt tag do not include Marquardt's suggestion. It seems that clever choices of $$\lambda$$ result in reasonable robustness and less function evaluations. Stephen.scott.webb (talk) 22:29, 4 February 2008 (UTC)

Reference to nonlinear programming
Reference to nonlinear programming seems rather less appropriate here than reference to nonlinear regression. However, the article on the latter inadequate (but developing).Dfarrar 09:08, 10 March 2007 (UTC)

explain terminology better
A short explanation (or a link to a page with an explanation) about the terminology f(t_i|p) would be in order here. I dont think it is common usage outside of statistical groups. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 130.225.102.1 (talk) 15:26, 25 September 2007 (UTC)

A major proposal
Please see talk:least squares for details. Petergans (talk) 17:39, 22 January 2008 (UTC)

Choice of damping parameter
- should discuss the approach of Moré, the standard used in most production-quality numerical libraries. It tends to be both faster and more robust than earlier more naive methods. Jheald (talk) 22:26, 30 January 2008 (UTC)

Explanation of the poor performance of L-M in example
The data sequence has very high frequency components. The sparse sampling plan shown in the plots will necessarily contain huge aliasing error that is beyond any inverse algorithm. The way to correct this apparent poor performance of L-M is to sample the data train much more densely, e.g. in 0.001 step size, then the L-M will find the correct answer easily under a very wide range of initial conditions. It is really not L-M that is at fault here. --Xzhou.lumi (talk) 22:32, 2 July 2008 (UTC)

Room for clarification
I think the article could do with some clarification; I know I could. Most optimization algorithms I have looked at focus on searching in Rn for the minimum of some scalar-valued function of Rn. In this article, that function is clearly $$S(\boldsymbol{\beta})$$, but the article doesn't emphasize that as much as it emphasizes $$f(x_i,\boldsymbol{\beta})$$.

As I try to fully understand L–M, I keep seeing it as a trust region algorithm in which we do a second-order Taylor expansion, $$S(\boldsymbol{\beta}+\boldsymbol{\delta})$$ in the neighborhood of $$\boldsymbol{\delta}=\mathbf{0}$$. In that case we would have
 * $$S(\boldsymbol{\beta}+\boldsymbol{\delta}) \approx S(\boldsymbol{\beta}) + \operatorname{grad}(S) \cdot \boldsymbol{\delta} + \boldsymbol{\delta}^\mathrm{T} \operatorname{Hessian}(S) \boldsymbol{\delta}$$

It looks like L–M uses $$\mathbf{J}^\mathrm{T}\mathbf{J}$$ for the Hessian. Is this the exact Hessian or just an approximation? (It looks like an approximation, but I can't picture the difference between the true Hessian and the approximation.)

Now, the gradient of S WRT β is given in this article as
 * $$\operatorname{grad}(S) = (-2)(\mathbf{J}^{T} [y - f(\boldsymbol \beta) ] )^{T}$$.

With some hand waving, I can see this giving us the equation for the minimum of S of
 * $$\mathbf{(J^{T}J)\boldsymbol \delta = J^{T} [y - f(\boldsymbol \beta)]} \!$$

Then it looks like the damping parameter basically defines the radius of the trust region and that it isn't a hard-edged trust region but rather the $$\lambda I$$ term modifies the cost function to keep the local minimum from being too far away (basically adding a paraboloid, scaled by λ to S. Is that about right?

Finally, I don't quite see the intuition for using $$\operatorname{diag}(\mathbf{D}^\mathrm{T}\mathbf{D})$$ instead of the identity.

Any answers/thoughts/corrections would be appreciated. Thanks. —Ben FrantzDale (talk) 22:04, 7 December 2008 (UTC)

-- In between the section Solution there is the sentence:
 * >> Note that the gradient of S with respect to δ equals $$-2(\mathbf{J}^{T} [\mathbf{y} - \mathbf{f}(\boldsymbol \beta) ] )^T $$ <<
 * Is it not supposed to be: ... gradient of S with respect to β ?? -Georg  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 31.18.248.89 (talk) 20:45, 27 May 2014 (UTC)

Notes and references
There was a slight problem with the use of Notes and References. I have fixed it. --Михал Орела (talk) 20:50, 3 February 2009 (UTC)

Comparison of Efficacy and Performance with other similar Algorithms
Can anyone provide a section or information comparing the LMA with other algorithms such as the Conjugate-Gradient method?MxBuck (talk) 19:18, 23 September 2009 (UTC)

Jacobian J
I think there's a little mistake in the definition of J:

Shouldn't it be: J = S(β) / dβ ?

This would also correspond to this (from the external links): http://www.siam.org/books/textbooks/fr18_book.pdf

We're trying to minimize the error, so taking the Jacobian of the original function wouldn't make sense. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 129.132.154.39 (talk) 10:42, 20 October 2011 (UTC)

Covariance of the solution
There should be discussion of the covariance of the solution. I think it's that if J is left-multiplied by the inverse of the input covariance, than $$J^\top \Sigma^{-1} J$$ is the covariance of the output, or somesuch. —Ben FrantzDale (talk) 17:20, 26 October 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110723020836/http://trac.astrometry.net/wiki/PyLevmar to http://trac.astrometry.net/wiki/PyLevmar
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130722142233/http://www2.imm.dtu.dk/~hbni/Software/SMarquardt.m to http://www2.imm.dtu.dk/~hbni/Software/SMarquardt.m

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 02:18, 22 December 2017 (UTC)

Broken images
Hi just a note to say that the image links on this page appear to be broken. Thanks. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2A01:110:8012:1012:0:0:0:82 (talk) 11:59, 17 January 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm


text:
User talk:IanCarter~enwiki

Wiki

 * Simplified Ruleset, Tutorial,Manual of Style.
 * Find out how to revert, move and merge pages.
 * Sign your posts on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~).
 * Add yourself to the New user log,regional notice board, Edit summary, image copyright tag, Consensus of standards,User page, Ignore all rules,How to edit a page, Sandbox

Talk:List of ISO 639-3 codes
...Tobias Conradi (Talk) 02:19, 13 June 2006 (UTC)

....thanks for your note about country subdivisions. I know this page for a long time ;-) Tobias Conradi (Talk) 15:05, 17 June 2006 (UTC)

started : List of ISO 639-1 codes, maybe good if WP one day makes transition to ISO 639-3 Tobias Conradi (Talk) 12:42, 21 June 2006 (UTC)

Code pages
Ian, about all these code pages (List of ISO 639-3 codes/x for example). Are they really encyclopedic? See WP:NOT, wikipedia is not an indiscriminate collection of information (or an instruction manual).--Kchase02 T 04:07, 13 June 2006 (UTC)
 * I answered on the talk page - I will complete the sublisting and then cease further development to await discussion - eventually this should be merged with all the other language lists on WP. Iancarter 04:57, 13 June 2006 (UTC)

File copyright problem with File:Sword parts.jpg
Thank you for uploading File:Sword parts.jpg. However, it currently is missing information on its copyright status. Wikipedia takes copyright very seriously. It may be deleted soon, unless we can determine the license and the source of the file. If you know this information, then you can add a copyright tag to the image description page.

If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have specified their license and tagged them, too. You can find a list of files you have created in [ your upload log].

If you have any questions, please feel free to ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thanks again for your cooperation. Magog the Ogre (talk) 09:06, 12 January 2011 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called IanCarter. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name IanCarter~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 00:27, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 13:58, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:06, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:32, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

File:US CLASSIFIED COVERSHEETS.GIF listed for discussion
A file that you uploaded or altered, File:US CLASSIFIED COVERSHEETS.GIF, has been listed at Files for discussion. Please see the to see why it has been listed (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry). Feel free to add your opinion on the matter below the nomination. Thank you. Cloudbound (talk) 16:10, 13 June 2016 (UTC)

File:US CONFIDENTIAL COVERSHEETS.GIF listed for discussion
A file that you uploaded or altered, File:US CONFIDENTIAL COVERSHEETS.GIF, has been listed at Files for discussion. Please see the to see why it has been listed (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry). Feel free to add your opinion on the matter below the nomination. Thank you. Cloudbound (talk) 16:10, 13 June 2016 (UTC)

title: User talk:IanCarter~enwiki


text: Category:Valdres

title: Category:Valdres


text:
Category:Festivals in Adelaide

This category lists the festivals in Adelaide, capital of South Australia.

title: Category:Festivals in Adelaide


text:
Talk:Alexander Duff (missionary)

Untitled
A birthday of 26. April is given on the Swedish page --WiseWoman 07:21, August 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * That's correct. Remarkable that it has taken over 12 years for your useful comment to be picked up. LondonScottish (talk) 15:09, 19 January 2018 (UTC)

What is EB 1911 supposed to mean? LordGulliverofGalben
 * Encyclopedia Britannica 1911 - Kittybrewster  (talk) 16:38, 2 April 2007 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Alexander Duff (missionary). Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130307001947/http://www.caluniv.ac.in/About%20the%20university/Noteble%20first.htm to http://www.caluniv.ac.in/About%20the%20university/Noteble%20first.htm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 13:24, 15 December 2017 (UTC)

William Hopkins Pearce
The main article refers to the Baptist educator W.H.Pearce which must surely be William Hopkins Pearce (b. 14 January 1794 in Birmingham, England, d. 1840 in Calcutta. DFH (talk) 09:56, 1 January 2021 (UTC)

 * See http://readinggamesplayingbooks.com/scots/node/267 DFH (talk) 09:59, 1 January 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Alexander Duff (missionary)


text:
User:Shinx~enwiki

This is user Shinx from Dalian,P.R.China.

Has joined Wiki family since 2005-04-21, and this account in en.wikipedia was created on 2005-08-29.

You can also visit me at Shinx.

title: User:Shinx~enwiki


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Bertel king

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Sjakkalle (Check!)  09:54, 5 September 2005 (UTC)

Bertel king
Obvious vanity page. Probably some teenage kid writing ShareWare games out of his bedroom. Just like I used to do. Delete. — J I P | Talk 07:23, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete - shows no sign of notability in that article. gren グレン 07:54, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - Vanity Page --Botsie 08:59, August 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, if the article fails to even give the names of the games, it's pretty much an A1 (no context) speedy anyway. - Mgm|(talk) 11:14, August 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom. Groeck 21:52, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Jachin 22:12, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity. Cnwb 00:11, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:Charley's Aunt

Is there a reason...
Is there a reason for the apostrophe choice? It uses ’ instead of ', which is against the usual MoS. violet/riga (t) 07:23, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

 * No reason - I just followed a redlink and didn't notice. Moved. -- ALoan (Talk) 08:56, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

Is there a reason for not including the famous "Where the nuts come from", meaning Brazil? Esedowns (talk) 20:42, 18 July 2023 (UTC)
 * Wikipedia articles are based on *sourced information*. Please cite a source that states that this line is famous. See also WP:V and WP:RS.  By the way, new Talk page items should go at the bottom of the page. -- Ssilvers (talk) 21:26, 18 July 2023 (UTC)

It opened on Broadway at the Standard Theatre on 2 October 1893,
Presumably this was a pirated version? Or was it authorized by the English publisher? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 218.214.18.240 (talk) 05:21, 16 November 2009 (UTC)

Any online editions?
Could not find the text on gutenberg.org or the internet archive. It should be in the public domain now, or not? 85.216.84.28 (talk) 20:18, 5 September 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 4 one external links on Charley's Aunt. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20060109032304/http://www.ibdb.com:80/show.asp?ID=2504 to http://www.ibdb.com/show.asp?ID=2504
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20131203230759/http://www.mdb.cz/inscenace/82-charleyova-teta/ to http://www.mdb.cz/inscenace/82-charleyova-teta/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080625014402/http://www.theatrewesternsprings.com:80/Actives/archives/ChAunt/CharleysAunt.htm to http://www.theatrewesternsprings.com/Actives/archives/ChAunt/CharleysAunt.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20060109032304/http://www.ibdb.com:80/show.asp?ID=2504 to http://www.ibdb.com/show.asp?ID=2504

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 11:46, 20 November 2016 (UTC)

Does Charley's Aunt (1915 film adaptation) exist?
The news article that is cited in that sentence, from The Times discussing the 1925 film adaptation, never mentions any 1915 film adaptation. The wiki article for the 1915 film itself links to a page on the New York Times website that lists Lynne Carver as a costar, but that's impossible considering that she was born in 1916. Does this movie even exist? Oliver Hardy, the alleged star of the film, is said to have done many short films for Lubin Studios in 1915, so it's possible this film may just be very obscure, but looking online I haven't been able to find any concrete evidence of its existence. Enderwoman666 (talk) 02:00, 29 March 2022 (UTC)

 * This refers to a 1915 version. Maybe there was another (older) Lynne Carver?  Or maybe it's all some kind of mix-up/wrong dates, etc.  http://www.silentsaregolden.com/featurefolder10/CAcommentary.html  -- Ssilvers (talk) 02:12, 29 March 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Charley's Aunt


text:
File:Palindromes film.jpg

Rationale of fair use for Palindromes (film)

 * 1) The image is being used to illustrate the film in question.
 * 2) No free or public domain images have been located for this purpose.
 * 3) The image is of lower resolution than the original poster.
 * 4) The image does not limit the copyright owners' rights to distribute the film in any way.
 * 5) This image is used on various websites, so its use on Wikipedia does not make it significantly more accessible than it already is.
 * 6) The image is being used for informational purposes only.

Source

 * 1) Derived from a digital capture (photo/scan) of the Film Poster/ VHS or DVD Cover (creator of this digital version is irrelevant as the copyright in all equivalent images is still held by the same party). Copyright held by the film company or the artist. Claimed as fair use regardless.

title: File:Palindromes film.jpg


text:
Weekend Sunrise

Weekend Sunrise is an Australian breakfast television program, broadcast on the Seven Network and currently hosted by Monique Wright and Matt Doran.

History
In 2005 the Seven Network replaced its struggling Sunday morning program Sunday Sunrise with a program called Weekend Sunrise, as an extension of the weekday brand. It originally was an hour-long (8 am – 9 am). Hosted by Chris Reason and Lisa Wilkinson, the program was successful and various critiques at the time called for the program to be lengthened to two hours (7:00 am – 9:00 am) and be extended to Saturday mornings as well as Sunday. Head of Morning TV’s Adam Boland’s intention was always to have the show across both days (hence the name), but news boss Peter Meakin talked him into just starting with Sunday given families usually were out doing sport on Saturday.

In 2006, Weekend Sunrise was extended from an hour to a two-hour show, running every Sunday from 8 am till 10 am. When Sportsworld returned for the football season Weekend Sunrise settled into a 90-minute format, 8:00 am – 9:30 am. After Sportsworld's series concluded, the show returned to a two-hour format. Andrew O'Keefe initially temporarily replaced host Chris Reason in 2006, but after improved ratings he was given the hosting position permanently. In 2007, Wilkinson moved to the Nine Network to host Today, and was replaced by Samantha Armytage. In 2008, Weekend Sunrise moved their start time 30 minutes earlier to 7:30 am, to match the new start time of Nine's Sunday program. The program continued to run through to 10:00 am, meaning the program had a two-and-a-half-hour running time.

In 2009, the program's start time was moved even earlier. Originally, it was announced that Today on Sunday (now Weekend Today), the replacement the long-running Nine's Sunday, would run from 7:30 to 9:00 am. But this was changed on 28 January 2009 to 7:00 am to 9:00 am. As result, Seven announced that Weekend Sunrise would also commence at 7:00 am and run through to 10:00 am, meaning the program would go for three hours, the same as the weekday version of Sunrise.

On 13 February 2010, Boland got his wish as Seven announced that Weekend Sunrise would extend to Saturdays to compete against Weekend Today. The Saturday edition airs in the same time slot as Weekend Today, i.e. 7:00 am – 10:00 am. Saturday Disney, which previously occupied the timeslot, immediately followed Weekend Sunrise, until in 2012 it was permanently moved to 7Two, airing in the same time as Weekend Sunrise. The original Saturday team consisted of Samantha Armytage co-hosting with Larry Emdur with Sarah Cumming presenting the news, Simon Reeve presenting sport and James Tobin presenting the weather.

In November 2011, Adam Boland was appointed executive producer of the program. Boland overhauled the program introducing a new format, a number of new segments and new regulars. These changes were scheduled to introduced on 5 November 2011, however due an apparent server crash, the program was cancelled at the last minute. The relaunch took place the following day as a result.

In September 2012, executive producer Adam Boland announced that the show would extend to three hours on Saturday from October. Boland finished with the Seven Network in February 2013 to later join Network Ten. Sunrise executive producer Michael Pell replaced Boland. In June 2013, Melissa Doyle announced that she would be leaving Sunrise for a national network role, with Samantha Armytage replacing her. Monique Wright initially replaced Armytage on Weekend Sunrise, but it was not until February 2014 in which Wright was made a permanent co-host on the show.

In February 2016, Angela Cox joined and filled-in for Monique Wright as co-host of the show whilst she was on maternity leave. At the same time, Sally Bowrey joined the show as entertainment and social media presenter. On 4 March 2016, Weekend Sunrise held a Parathon, to raise funds to send athletes to the 2016 Paralympic Games. The program included appearances from stars of Home and Away, My Kitchen Rules and Saturday Disney, as well as performances from Samantha Jade and Russell Morris and was extended to midday. It raised over $1.6 million. In December 2016, Angela Cox returned to Weekend Sunrise to cover news whilst Sally Bowrey was on maternity leave. In July 2017, Bowrey returned to the show as news presenter.

In December 2017, after twelve years in the role, O'Keefe resigned, citing his desire to spend more time with his family on weekends. Basil Zempilas was announced as his replacement. In September 2019, Zempilas stepped down as regular host of Weekend Sunrise, citing a desire to spend more time with his family in Perth. Matt Doran was named as his replacement; he appeared as a regular co-presenter for the first time on 12 October.

Simon Reeve made his last on air appearance on Weekend Sunrise in May 2020 before the Seven Network made him redundant in June 2020. Reeve would later sue the network over his axing.

Weekend Sunrise moved to South Eveleigh on 29 July 2023, after the last broadcast in Martin Place on 23 July 2023. With this change, the show received a new logo.

Format
Similar to Sunrise, Weekend Sunrise blends a mixture of news every thirty minutes, interviews and light-hearted feature pieces into three hours each morning. Occasionally, Weekend Sunrise may present the show from other locations, however, unlike Sunrise, this is less common.

News
As with Sunrise, national news updates are provided at the half-hour mark, followed by a summary of overnight sport and weather.

Hosts
Current presenters who have been fill-in hosts or co-hosts of Weekend Sunrise in recent times include Sally Bowrey, Edwina Bartholomew, Michael Usher, Angela Cox, Mark Beretta, Blake Johnson, Natarsha Belling and Chris Reason.

Fill-in presenters for other roles, in order from most likely to be used to least likely to be used:

 * News: Natarsha Belling, Liam Tapper, Angie Asimus.
 * Weather: Katie Brown, Tamra Bow and Gertie Spurling.

Previous hosts
Previous hosts of Weekend Sunrise include Chris Reason, Andrew O'Keefe, Basil Zempilas, Lisa Wilkinson and Samantha Armytage. Kylie Gillies was the original sports presenter until she moved to The Morning Show and Talitha Cummins presented the news from June 2007 until July 2008. Sharyn Ghidella presented the news from 2008 until 2010. Larry Emdur hosted Weekend Sunrise on Saturdays in 2010. Sarah Cumming previously presented the news on Saturday until she became the weather presenter on Seven News Sydney in 2011. Samantha Armytage hosted the program from June 2007 until August 2013 before becoming co-presenter of Sunrise. Jessica Rowe presented the news from 2010 until 2013. Ryan Phelan presented sport throughout the first half of 2015 before Simon Reeve returned to his post following the axing of Million Dollar Minute. Talitha Cummins presented the news from 2013 until 2016. Cummins was later dismissed from the Seven Network whilst she was on maternity leave; Sally Bowrey later replaced her.

Broadcasting
Because Australia has more than one time zone, Weekend Sunrise is not broadcast live to all of Australia, it is instead broadcast delayed. New South Wales (including ACT), Victoria, Tasmania have Weekend Sunrise broadcast live all year round, Queensland has Sunrise broadcast live in wintertime, but during Daylight Saving Time in Sydney has the program delayed by one hour. The Northern Territory has Weekend Sunrise delayed 30 minutes during winter and 1 hour and 30 minutes during daylight saving in Sydney. South Australia has it delayed by 30 minutes all year around, and Western Australia has it delayed by 2 hours in wintertime and by 3 hours during daylight saving in Sydney.

Occasionally, broadcasts of Weekend Sunrise are altered during special circumstances. On the morning of 17 July 2010, Weekend Sunrise was extended well past 9am continuing into 1pm when Julia Gillard announced that Australia would be heading to the polls on 21 August. When Weekend Sunrise was covering the Victorian bushfires in February 2009, the show extended its coverage until 11am, with the extra hour dedicated to the events occurring in Victoria.

Neither Sunrise nor Weekend Sunrise air on Christmas Day. Between 2007 and 2014, when Seven had the telecasting rights to the V8 Supercars, Weekend Sunrise did not air on the day of the Bathurst 1000.

Theme song
Weekend Sunrise used Duran Duran's "(Reach Up for The) Sunrise" as its theme song until 2010 when MGMT's "Electric Feel" replaced it. In November 2011, "(Reach Up for The) Sunrise" was reinstated as the theme song.

title: Weekend Sunrise