text:
CP Ships

CP Ships was a large Canadian shipping company established in the 19th century. From the late 1880s until after World War II, the company was Canada's largest operator of Atlantic and Pacific steamships. Many immigrants travelled on CP ships from Europe to Canada. In 1914 the sinking of the Canadian Pacific steamship RMS Empress of Ireland just before World War I became largest maritime disaster in Canadian history. The company provided Canadian Merchant Navy vessels in World Wars I and II. Twelve vessels were lost due to enemy action in World War II, including the RMS Empress of Britain (1930), which was the largest ship ever sunk by a German U-boat.

The company moved to a model of container shipping from passenger, freight and mail service in the 1960s due to competitive pressure from the airline industry. The company was a part of the Canadian Pacific Ltd. conglomerate. It was spun out as a separate company in 2001. In 2005, it was purchased by TUI AG and is now part of the company's Hapag-Lloyd division.

The Atlantic and Pacific passenger liners of Canadian Pacific were always British-flagged and largely British-manned and were not part of the Canadian Merchant Marine, ownership being with the British-registered Canadian Pacific Steamships Ltd. subsidiary.

Early era (1881–1915)
In the early 1880s, the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) negotiated with the Government of the United Kingdom to establish trans-Pacific steamship routes between Vancouver, British Columbia and the Far East. The trans-Pacific services of Canadian Pacific were begun by Sir William Cornelius Van Horne, the Canadian-American builder of the railroad network in 1887. In that year, Sir William chartered three vessels from Cunard Line; SS Abyssinia, SS Parthia (1870), and SS Batavia—as a beginning of the CP fleet. The agency for chartering and managing the ships was secured by Adamson, Bell and Company for the first three years. When the new shipping line had shown to be profitable, Canadian Pacific decided not to renew the contract with Adamson, Bell and Company and to run the line itself.

In 1891, CPR adopted a new name — the Canadian Pacific Steamship Company (CPSC). The CPSC became one of the many shipping companies operating in and out of Liverpool. The company expanded as people emigrating from Europe to North America provided a larger number of passengers and the company also started holiday cruises. As with other shipping companies, CPSC had larger ships built to cope with the demand.

In the late 19th century, CPR initiated an ocean-going service between the port of Vancouver and Hong Kong, with calls at Japan and China, and later at Manila, Philippine Islands and Honolulu, Hawaii. This service provided a link for CPR's transcontinental railroad passenger and freight services. Passengers could travel from England to Eastern Canada, travel across the railway to Vancouver, and on to Asian destinations. During 1887, temporary steamship service was initiated on a Vancouver-Yokohama-Hong Kong route. From 1887 through 1941, the Canadian Pacific Railway provided steamship service between Vancouver and Victoria, British Columbia, Canada and Hong Kong with calls at Japan and China, and later at Manila, Philippine Islands and Honolulu, Hawaii. Three ships were built at Barrow-in-Furness in England, and the three sailed together towards Vancouver in 1890, with initial voyages projected for January 15, February 15, and March 15 of the new year. An 11 ft scale model of the ship was put on display in Canadian Pacific's New York offices. In an effort to lure American-Chinese passengers to sail with CPR from North America to Shanghai and Hong Kong, prominent members of the Chinese community in New York were invited to examine the scale model and its amenities.

In 1915, CP changed the name of its shipping business to Canadian Pacific Steamships Ocean Services Ltd.

In 1891, CPR and the British government reached agreement on a contract for subsidised mail service between Britain and Hong Kong via Canada. The route began to be serviced by three specially designed Empress liners—RMS Empress of China (1891), RMS Empress of India (1890) and RMS Empress of Japan (1891). Each of these "Empress" steamships sailed regularly in the period from 1891 through 1912. In that year, Empress of China struck a reef near Tokyo, and she was subsequently towed to Yokohama where she was scrapped. Empress of India would continue in service through 1914. RMS Empress of Japan sailed regularly from 1891 through 1922. These three ships and the others which comprised the "Empress fleet" carried mail, passengers, and freight speedily across the Pacific for over half a century.

In 1903, the company took over the ships and services of the Beaver Line and began operating ships on the Atlantic between Halifax, Nova Scotia and the United Kingdom. In 1906, two vessels were built in Scotland: RMS Empress of Britain (1905) and RMS Empress of Ireland. These two vessels had a full capacity of 1,530 passengers. There were accommodations for 310 first class, 470 second class passengers, 500 third class and 250 steerage passengers. The CP transported many immigrants from Europe to Canada, primarily from Great Britain and Scandinavia.

CP acquired the successful Allan Line, and expanded to become a major international cargo carrier and operators of luxury passenger liners such as RMS Empress of Britain (1931) and RMS Empress of Canada (1928).

Sinking of Empress of Ireland
In 1914, the Empress of Ireland collided with the Norwegian collier SS Storstad in the Saint Lawrence River. The Empress sank in just 14 minutes and 1,012 perished. Its death toll makes it the deadliest maritime disaster in Canadian history. Empress of Ireland was heading down the channel near Pointe-au-Père, Quebec in heavy fog. At 02:00 Storstad crashed into the side of the CP liner. Storstad, though damaged, did not sink. Empress of Ireland took severe damage to her starboard side and began to list and take on water. Some passengers managed to get into lifeboats quickly. The ship began to list too far, and additional life rafts were not able to be launched. The ship rolled to its side ten minutes after the collision. Four minutes later the ship had sunk. Only 465 survivors were rescued. A board of inquiry found Storstad responsible for the sinking.

World War I (1914–1918)
Canadian Pacific was an important contributor to the Merchant Navy (United Kingdom) in World War I. Like other shipping companies, Canadian Pacific provided ships to carry troops in both World Wars. CP lost 18 ships in the war.

In World War I, some ships were refitted as armed merchantmen or auxiliary minelayers. These were operated by the British Royal Navy, not CP Ships. For example, RMS Princess Irene and RMS Princess Margaret were requisitioned at the point of completion by the British Royal Navy for war service. They were manned by naval personnel, not CP. Neither ship was delivered to CP – Princess Irene exploded in 1915 and Princess Margaret was purchased by the Admiralty after the war.

Inter-war period (1919–1938)
CP purchased eleven new steamships to replace its losses during the war. New liners including RMS Empress of Australia (1919), RMS Empress of Britain (1930), RMS Duchess of Atholl, SS Duchess of Bedford, SS Duchess of Richmond and SS Duchess of York (1928) served on the Atlantic Ocean, while RMS Empress of Canada (1920) and RMS Empress of Japan (1929) were among the largest liners on the Pacific Ocean during the inter-war period. The company also built a fleet of "Beaver Ships" cargo liners for fast freight service in the 1920s, which were some of the most advanced steam freighters of their time: SS Beaverford, Beaverdale, Beaverburn, Beaverhill and Beaverbrae.

In 1939, the CP Ship Empress of Australia transported King George VI and his royal consort, Queen Elizabeth from London, England to Quebec City for the 1939 royal tour of Canada. This was the first-ever visit by the monarch to a dominion. The king chose to visit Canada using a Canadian luxury liner rather than an established British royal yacht. Empress of Australia was considered to be a royal yacht after her use by the king.

World War II (1939–1945)
In World War II, the CP fleet carried over a million tons of cargo and a million troops and civilians during World War II. One CP ship, the freighter SS Beaverford, made the most notable military action in the company's history in 1940 as part of Convoy HX 84 when she engaged the German Deutschland-class cruiser GERMAN CRUISER Admiral Scheer for five hours before sinking with all hands, a sacrifice that allowed most of convoy HX 84 to escape. The company lost twelve vessels due to enemy action which is a larger loss than any Western company. Empress of Britain was the largest ship lost to enemy action during the Battle of the Atlantic. Losses also included all of its fleet of "Beaver ship" cargo liners. Company ships participated in both the Battle of the Atlantic and the Battle of the Pacific. Despite their extensive and dangerous war service, the CP mariners, part of the Merchant Navy, were denied veterans' benefits by the Canadian Government until 1988.

Post-war period (1945–2005)
From 1956 to 1961, the company acquired its last three steam passenger ships RMS Empress of Britain (1956), RMS Empress of England and RMS Empress of Canada (1961). Competition from airlines forced CP to retire these ships in the 1970s. The company looked towards bulk carrier and tanker fleets as replacements for its steamships.

In 1971, the company changed its name to CP Ships Ltd. Container ships added as Intermodal freight transport became popular. Intermodal transportation integrated well with CP's rail assets. In 1972, CP Ships regular transatlantic passenger service from the Port of Liverpool finished with the sale of Empress of Canada.

In 1984, CP Ships entered a joint venture with Compagnie Maritime Belge called Canada Maritime to secure North Atlantic container traffic for its rail facilities at the Port of Montreal. This "new" company prospered and the fortunes of CP Ships revived in the early 1990s. In 1993 Canadian Pacific bought out its partner and merged it with CP Ships. The next decade saw the company grow through acquisition. In April 1995 CP Ships purchased the Cast Group out of a bankruptcy proceeding, and subsequently bought Lykes Lines in July 1997 also out of bankruptcy, Contship Containerlines in October 1997 at a profitable level, Australia-New Zealand Direct Line in December 1998 also being profitable, Ivaran Lines in May 1998 (unprofitable), TMM Lines (unprofitable, 50% in January 1999, rest 50% in January 2000), in August 2000 Christensen Canadian African Lines (CCAL) at small profitability and Italia Line in August 2002 at breakeven business results. By 2001 it was the seventh largest carrier in the world, and dominated the North Atlantic. When it was spun off into a separate company it represented 8% of Canadian Pacific's revenues and was a source for a large portion of CPR's rail traffic — much originating from CP Ships' Montreal Gateway Terminals.

Sale
On August 21, 2005, German conglomerate TUI AG offered to acquire CP Ships Limited for €1.7 billion (US$2.0 billion) in cash, and merge it with TUI's Hapag-Lloyd division. On October 19, 2005, CP Ships and TUI AG jointly announced that 89.1% of CP Ships shareholders had accepted Ship Acquisition Inc.'s August 30 offer for US$21.50 per share on October 25, 2005.

CP Ships archives were held by CP Limited until 2012 when it was donated to the Canadian Museum of Science and Technology.

Civilian
There are several notable civilian events in the CP fleet.

 * In 1912 RMS Empress of China (1891) struck a reef near Tokyo and was towed to Yokohama and scrapped. All crew and passengers were uninjured.
 * In 1914 RMS Empress of Ireland sank in the St. Lawrence River. 1,012 passengers died in the worst maritime disaster in Canadian history.
 * In 1918 SS Princess Sophia sank after grounding on Vanderbilt Reef in Lynn Canal near Juneau, Alaska. 343 passengers and crew were lost with the ship.  It is the worst maritime disaster in British Columbia and Alaskan history.
 * In 1923 RMS Empress of Australia (1919) survived the Great Kantō earthquake while in port at Yokohama, Japan. She rescued hundreds of people from the dock, manoeuvred out of port to safety, then provided aid to the population. Capitan Samuel Robinson was appointed a CBE for his actions.
 * In 1952 SS Princess Kathleen (1924) ran aground and sank in Lynn Canal, Alaska. All crew and passengers were rescued by the United States Coast Guard.

World War I
CP ships served in the Merchant Navy (United Kingdom) in World War I.

 * In 1916 SS Mount Temple was taken by SMS Möwe (1914), a merchant raider of the Imperial German Navy. She was scuttled and her British Empire crew was held prisoner of war.  American crewmen were released as the United States was neutral at the time. Four crew were killed.

World War II
CP ships served in the Canadian Merchant Navy in World War II. Twelve ships were lost to direct enemy action. Two additional ships were lost to accidents.

 * In 1940 RMS Empress of Britain (1931) was attacked by a Luftwaffe Focke-Wulf Fw 200 Condor bomber and, while being towed back to port, was torpedoed by GS U-32 (1937), a Kriegsmarine U-boat. She was the largest vessel sunk by a U-boat in WWII. 45 men were lost in the initial attack.
 * In 1940 SS Beaverburn (1927) was torpedoed by U-boat GS U-41 (1939). One sailor was lost and 76 were rescued by the US tanker Narraganset.
 * In the first hours of 19 June 1940 RMS Niagara sailing from Auckland, New Zealand, sank giving a position of 35° 53′ south, 174° 54′ east in the Hauraki Gulf as a result of an explosion whose origin was not known at the time of distress messages. By afternoon mines identified as German had been swept up. It was later determined that the mines had been laid by the German auxiliary cruiser GERMAN AUXILIARY CRUISER Orion. All crew members were rescued.
 * On 5 November 1941 SS Beaverford was part of Convoy HX 84. The convoy was escorted only by the armed merchant cruiser HMS Jervis Bay. The convoy was attacked by the German heavy cruiser GERMAN CRUISER Admiral Scheer. Jervis Bay attacked Admiral Scheer to give the convoy the chance to scatter and escape but was quickly sunk. When Admiral Scheer caught up with the convoy, the lightly armed (one 4-inch gun) Beaverford turned to attack the cruiser, engaging it for five hours until Beaverford exploded and sank with all 76 crew. Delayed by Beaverford, thirty-two of the convoy ships were able to escape in the darkness with Admiral Scheer destroying only six ships of the convoy.
 * In 1941 SS Beaverbrae was bombed by a Focke-Wulf aircraft and sunk. All crew members were rescued.
 * In 1941 SS Beaverdale was torpedoed by U-boat GS U-48 (1939). 21 crew were killed. Captain Draper navigated one lifeboat 300 miles to Iceland. The other lifeboat was rescued at sea.
 * In 1942 RMS Empress of Asia was sunk by nine dive-bombers of the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service near Singapore. 40 crewman survived with Leonard H. Johnson awarded the OBE for his actions.
 * In 1942 SS Duchess of Bedford sank a U-boat with its deck gun two days out of Liverpool. It also damaged a second one. Captain Busk-Wood was awarded the OBE for this action.
 * In 1942 SS Princess Marguerite was sunk by GS U-83 (1941) with over 1,000 troops on board. Swift action from its escorts allowed the rescue of most persons on board. 55 crew were lost with the ship.
 * In 1942 SS Duchess of Atholl was sunk by the GS U-178 2,000 miles off Ascension Island with 831 people on board. Five crewmen were lost in the initial torpedoing, everyone else was rescued from lifeboats by HMS Corinthian.
 * In 1943 RMS Empress of Canada (1922) was sunk by an Italian submarine off Cape Palmas. 392 of the 1,800 people on board were killed, many were Italian prisoners of war.
 * In 1943 SS Duchess of York (1928) was sunk by long range Luftwaffe bombers. Twenty-seven crew were killed.

Notable captains

 * Ronald Niel Stuart VC DSO RD RNR (1886–1954) was highly decorated for his service in the Royal Navy during the first World War. In addition to his British decorations, he was honoured with the French Croix de Guerre and the United States' Navy Cross while serving in the Royal Navy during the First Battle of the Atlantic. The remainder of his naval career was spent with Canadian Pacific. A special warrant was written in 1927 which allowed him to fly the Blue Ensign from any ship, mercantile or military, which he commanded. In 1934, he was named Commodore of the CPS fleet and was placed in command of the 42,000-ton liner RMS Empress of Britain (1931) on her transatlantic route. In 1937, he was promoted to company superintendent, a role followed by the job of general manager at Canadian Pacific's London office. He retained this job for 13 years, including through the difficult experiences of World War II when London's dockyards were badly damaged by the London Blitz. During this period, he was made a part-time naval aide-de-camp to King George VI in 1941 – a position he held part-time throughout World War II.
 * Captain Sir Samuel Robinson KBE (1870–1958) served 37 years at sea on Canadian Pacific vessels. He earned international acclaim as captain of RMS Empress of Australia (1919) which was at Yokohama in Tokyo Bay during the devastating Great Kanto earthquake of 1923. He would be credited with saving the ship, his crew and passengers, and more than 3,000 others during the unfolding catastrophe. Robinson's honours included Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE); Knight Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (KBE); Order of the Chrysanthemum (Japan); Order of St John of Jerusalem, the Silver Medal (UK); Lloyd's Medal for Meritorious Service (UK); Medal of Honour, Red Ribbon (Japan); Order of the White Elephant (Siam); Cross of the Second Class of the Order of Naval Merit (with white badge) (Spain).
 * Captain John Wallace Thomas CBE (1888–1965) served with distinction in both first and second World Wars. He was appointed as a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) for his handling of RMS Empress of Scotland (1930) during an attack by the Luftwaffe off the coast of Ireland on November 9, 1940. Captain Thomas was the only member of the Canadian merchant navy to have been honoured with the CBE during that war.

Corporate timeline
· 2013 Name Canadian Pacific Steamships Ltd (abandoned by TUI AG) is registered by Eyecon Brands Ltd. of Ontario, Canada.
 * 1881 Canadian Pacific Railway was founded.
 * 1891 Shipping assets are incorporated into Canadian Pacific Steamship Company.
 * 1915 Name changed to Canadian Pacific Steamships Ocean Services Ltd.
 * 1971 Name changed to CP Ships Ltd.
 * 2001 CP Ships Ltd. is spun out from the conglomerate Canadian Pacific Limited and became an independent company.
 * 2005 CP Ships Ltd. is acquired by TUI AG

title: CP Ships


text:
User talk:Anurag Garg

Welcome from Brian0918

Hello, Anurag Garg, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes () to produce your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page.
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Merging, redirecting, and renaming pages
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Again, welcome! — BRIAN 0918 • 2005-08-19 20:51

Hi
 Welcome!

Hi, and welcome to the India WikiProject! We're a group of editors working to improve Wikipedia's coverage of India.

A few features that you might find helpful:

 * Please participate in any of our descendant workgroups that might interest you.
 * The project has a bimonthly newsletter; it will normally be delivered in its entirety, but several other formats are available.

There are a variety of interesting things to do within the project; you're free to participate however much—or little—you like:

 * Want to know how good our articles are? The assessment department is working on rating the quality of every India article in Wikipedia.
 * Can you code? The automation department uses automated and semi-automated methods to perform batch tasks that would be tedious to do manually.

If you have any questions, please don't hesitate to ask another fellow member, and we'll be happy to help you. Again, welcome! We look forward to seeing you around! --  Tinu  Cherian  - 09:01, 8 August 2008 (UTC)

WikiProject India Tag & Assess 2012 Contest
Hello friends, we are a number of editors from WikiProject India have got together to assess the many thousands of articles under the stewardship of the project, and we'd love to have you, a fellow member, join us. These articles require assessment, that is, the addition of a WikiProject template to the talk page of an article, assessing it for quality and importance and adding a few extra parameters to it.

As of March 11, 2012, 07:00 UTC, WikiProject India has 95,998 articles under its stewardship. Of these 13,980 articles are completely unassessed (both for class and importance) and another 42,415 articles are unassessed for importance only. Accordingly, a Tag & Assess 2012 drive-cum-contest has begun from March 01, 2012 to last till May 31, 2012.

If you are new to assessment, you can learn the minimum about how to evaluate from Part One of the Assessment Guide. Part Two of the Guide will help you learn to employ the full functionality of the talk page template, should you choose to do so.

You can sign up on the Tag & Assess page. There are a number of awards to be given in recognition of your efforts. Come & join us to take part in this exciting new venture. You'll learn more about India in this way.

& (Drive coordinators)

Delivered per [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Bot_requests&oldid=481419438#Message_to_take_part_in_Assessment_Drive request] on Bot requests. 01:07, 12 March 2012 (UTC) The  Helpful  Bot  01:07, 12 March 2012 (UTC)

Greg LeMond
A couple of us are trying to bring the LeMond article up to good article status. We have been considering splitting off the section on doping controversies and Greg's involvement as a former racer/commentator on the subject to it's own second page. If you get a chance could you stop by and see what you think? Thanks. Gunbirddriver (talk) 05:56, 3 December 2012 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:00, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Anurag Garg


text:
The White Guard

The White Guard (Белая гвардия) is a novel by Mikhail Bulgakov, first published in 1925 in literary journal Rossiya. It was not reprinted in the Soviet Union until 1966.

Background
The White Guard first appeared in serial form in the Soviet-era literary journal Rossiya in 1925, but it was closed down before the serial was completed. The complete book was published in Paris in 1927. The censored version was published in the Soviet Union in 1966. The complete version was published in 1989.

After the first two parts of The White Guard had been published in Rossiya, Bulgakov was invited to write a version for the stage. He called the play The Days of the Turbins. It was produced at the Moscow Art Theatre, to great acclaim. According to some sources, Stalin saw it no fewer than 20 times.

In fact, the play completely overshadowed the book, which was in any event virtually unobtainable in any form.

Plot
Set in Ukraine from late 1918, the novel concerns the fate of the Turbin family as the various armies of the Ukrainian War of Independence (the White Army, the Red Army, the Imperial German Army and Ukrainian nationalists) fight over the city of Kiev. Historical figures such as Pyotr Wrangel, Symon Petliura and Hetman Pavlo Skoropadsky appear as the Turbin family is caught up in the turbulent effects of the October Revolution.

The novel's characters belong to the sphere of Ukrainian and Russian intellectuals and officers in the army of Skoropadsky and participate in defending the city from the Ukrainian nationalist forces, led by Petliura, in December 1918. The character Mikhail Shpolyansky is modelled on Viktor Shklovsky.

The novel contains many autobiographical elements. Bulgakov gave the younger Turbin brother some of the characteristics of his own younger brother. The description of the house of the Turbins is that of the house of the Bulgakov family in Kyiv. (It is now preserved and operated as the Mikhail Bulgakov Museum.)

Characters

 * Alexey Vasilyevich Turbin, a physician
 * Nikolai Turbin (Nikolka), his younger brother
 * Elena Vasilyevna Talberg, their sister
 * Sergei Ivanovich Talberg, her husband
 * Viktor Viktorovich Myshlaevsky, lieutenant
 * Leonid Yuryevich Shervinsky, aide to Prince Belorukov
 * Fyodor Nikolaievich Stepanov, nicknamed Carp (Karas)
 * Father Alexander
 * Vasily Ivanovich Lisovich, nicknamed Vasilisa
 * Larion Larionovich Surzhansky (Lariosik)
 * Colonel Nai-Turs

English translations
Bulgakov's widow had The White Guard published in large part in the literary journal Moskva in 1966, at the end of the Khrushchev era. It was the basis for the English translation by Michael Glenny, first published in 1971, which lacks the dream flashback sections. In 2008, Yale University Press published a translation by Marian Schwartz of the complete novel, an edition that won an award.

 * The White Guard, translated by Michael Glenny, London: Collins and Harvill Press, 1971. ISBN 0002619059.
 * London: Harvill, 1996. Revised edition. ISBN 1860462189.
 * White Guard, translated by Marian Schwartz, introduction by Evgeny Dobrenko. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2008. ISBN 978-0-300-15145-9
 * The White Guard, translated by Roger Cockrell. Richmond: Alma Classics, 2012. ISBN 978-1-84749-245-6.

Adaptations

 * The Days of the Turbins, a 1925 stage adaptation written by Bulgakov.
 * The Days of the Turbins (film), a 1976 3-part television adaptation of the play.
 * The White Guard (TV series), a 2012 mini-series adaptation of the book.

title: The White Guard


text:
User:Euske

Hi, I am a Japanese grad student currently studying in the U.S. My major is Computer Science. Particular interests include Computer Security, Distributed Systems, Software Engineering, and Computational Linguistics. I mainly program in Python, occasionally using Java and Common Lisp. I use FreeBSD for everyday's work, including web browsing and editing Wikipedia!

I have been a long time editor for Japanese Wikipedia, but also edit a bit of English articles when necessary. Most of the time, however, I saw English pages are way better and comprehensive, so I often ended up with working on translation from English articles to Japanese... Since I have some background in Linguistics, hopefully I can contribute in some Japanese language related pages.

ja:User:Euske

title: User:Euske


text:
User:Jbarnitz/ONS

= ONS Object Naming Service =

Background
Each [RFID] Tag has a corresponding [Electronic Product Code] EPC that uniquely identifies it. It also identifies the type of product that it is.

What is ONS
The Object Naming service is a directory service for the EPC, so that manufacturer can provide electronic links to information on the internet without someone having to identify the product manually. The directory is based on DNS which currently provides hostname to IP address and IP address to hostname mapping on the internet.

How it will work
Products come into the a warehouse and is read by the [RFID] reader. The [RFID] reader extracts the product portion of the EPC and formulates an ONS lookup. It gets a response of a [URI] to contact a server on the internet to retrieve product information. The server may return multiple URI's, with varying data formats, to accommodate the various kinds of devices that may need this information. Prodcut Markup Language PML is an XML based dataformat that was specifically designed for these kinds of transactions. The reader then can extract what kind of product is has just scanned and can make decisions on routing, shipping, warehousing, etc based on that information.

Technical Details
ONS uses the DNS protocol. Any DNS server that supports NAPTR records can be used to distribute ONS information. to reformat the EPC into a URI.

Current State of ONS
EPCGlobal is the administrator of the ONS Specification. Versign has been selected to hold the root namespace for ONS, which is e164.arpa domain, and is currently allowing manufacturer to purchase their individual EPC space.

title: User:Jbarnitz/ONS


text:
User talk:Euske

Welcome from Brian0918

Hello, Euske, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes () to produce your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page.
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Merging, redirecting, and renaming pages
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Again, welcome! — BRIAN 0918 • 2005-08-19 20:52

konnichi wa, Euske. Watakushi wa nihon de shigoto wo shimashita. tokio de sunde imashita. Sukoshi nihongo wo benkyo wo shimashita. Keredomo nihongo no kaku koto wa taihen mutsukashi desu yo! Ichiban suki na kotoba wa esuperantogo desu. Esuperantogo de tomodachi ga takusan deshita. --Hans W (talk) 13:02, 19 April 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Euske


text:
Emprise Bank

Emprise Bank is a Kansas-based, family owned, community bank headquartered in Wichita, Kansas with more than $2 billion in assets. Emprise has 34 locations across the state of Kansas, including branches in Wichita, Andover, Augusta, Chanute, Clearwater, Council Grove, Derby, El Dorado, Eureka, Goddard, Hays, Haysville, Hillsboro, Humboldt, Iola, Lawrence, McPherson, Moran, Park City, Potwin and Valley Center.

History
The history of Emprise Bank began in 1910 with the formation of Stockyards National Bank in Wichita, Kansas. In 1965, W.A. Michaelis Jr. purchased Sierra Petroleum Co. Inc., which owned Stockyards National Bank. In the early 1970s, Stockyards Bank was renamed United American Bank & Trust Company to reflect the bank's expansion into other parts of the city. Sierra later became Emprise Financial Corporation.

Over the next 25 years, the Michaelis family acquired banks in communities across the state including Council Grove, Eureka, Hays, Hillsboro, Iola, Moran, Toronto, and Potwin. During this period, the Michaelis Family also acquired the National Bank of Wichita and Wichita State Bank.

In 1989, the banks located in Wichita were merged and the combined institution was named Emprise Bank. The Michaelis family's banks throughout the state were aligned geographically and merged to form four community bank charters. These banks were renamed Emprise Bank. In the early 1990s, Emprise expanded into Lawrence and added branch locations in the Wichita area. Emprise Bank then acquired Wichita Federal Savings & Loan in the mid-1990s, which increased the bank's market share and doubled its asset size.

In 2002, Emprise opened a location in El Dorado, and in 2003 locations were acquired in Humboldt and Chanute. Over the next two years, the community banks were all merged under one Emprise Bank charter. Then, in November 2006, Emprise Bank merged with Prairie State Bank, adding eleven additional branches to the Emprise network and increasing the number of employees to nearly 500. Through the merger, Emprise Bank reached $1 billion in total assets.

The Art of Emprise
The Art of Emprise is a collection of art owned by the bank. The collection showcases pieces from Kansas artists and now includes works from more than 530 artists. Many of these pieces come from students and faculty at colleges and universities across the state.

In 1980, the Kansas Watercolor Society asked the Emprise Bank to sponsor its annual show; the bank agreed, and began making patron purchases on behalf of the banks. They have continued this sponsorship since, and expanded the Art of Emprise collection well beyond watercolors. Originally, the focus was simply finding unique pieces of art, but that focus changed to include artists with a Kansas connection.

The art is available to be viewed at Emprise Bank locations, as well as some other locations. Works of the collection have been displayed at the Andover Library (Andover, Kan.), Beach Museum (Manhattan, Kan.), Coutts Art Museum (El Dorado, Kan.), Lawrence Arts Center, Ulrich Museum, and the Wichita Art Museum. The collection has also been shared with the U.S. Art in Embassies Program, having works displayed in Belize and Uzbekistan.

Controversy
The bank received media attention in September 2017 after having an Iraqi-American family arrested. Sattar Ali, a doctoral student who had lived in the United States since 1993, tried to deposit a check for $151,000 at Emprise. This sum had been obtained from the sale of their old home in Michigan.

With insufficient verification documents, Ali was handcuffed and had his belongings confiscated after the bank called the police. 4 police cars arrived to arrest Ali at around 11.30am. Police also arrested Ali's wife and 15-year-old daughter, who had been waiting for him in the car outside. Police also called the school of Ali's 11-year-old son to have him detained there while the rest of his family was in custody. Wichita police were able to confirm that the check was legitimate, 48 minutes after the arrest, and released the family around 3.00pm.

“We were devastated. Terrified. Crying the whole time,” Ali said. “We had no idea what the arrest was for.” Emprise claimed that the police were called as the bank had trouble verifying the check.

Emprise Bank released a statement regarding this incident indicating that they saw nothing wrong with the bank branch's action: "'.. We are aware of a situation at the 21st and Woodlawn branch yesterday and can confirm that our team acted in accordance with our policies and procedures. If faced with the same circumstances today, we would expect our team to take the same actions.'"

Ali said in an interview that this had been an example of racial profiling, and questioned why his family had also been arrested: “Let’s assume I made a mistake and gave them a bad check,” Ali said. “Why would they arrest my wife and daughter?”

Ali stated that he had plans to take legal action against the bank for the incident.

The bank subsequently issued an apology: "Bank Chairman Matthew Michealis says the bank is sorry for the incident that occurred on Sept. 6 when a teller called 911 after saying Sattar Ali was trying to deposit a fraudulent $150,000 check.

In his statement, Michaelis says the bank will "conduct a complete review of the incident" with all parties involved. He says Emprise Bank staff will now participate in sensitivity training.

"At Emprise, we believe that what we do and say is a reflection of who we are. We do not tolerate discrimination of any kind," said Michaelis in the statement."

As of 2018, Ali and Emprise have "reached an amicable resolution regarding the incident" outside of court.

title: Emprise Bank


text:
Full Domain Hash

In cryptography, the Full Domain Hash (FDH) is an RSA-based signature scheme that follows the hash-and-sign paradigm. It is provably secure (i.e., is existentially unforgeable under adaptive chosen-message attacks) in the random oracle model. FDH involves hashing a message using a function whose image size equals the size of the RSA modulus, and then raising the result to the secret RSA exponent.

Exact security of full domain hash
In the random oracle model, if RSA is $$(t', \epsilon')$$-secure, then the full domain hash RSA signature scheme is $$(t, \epsilon)$$-secure where,
 * $$\begin{align}

t &= t' - (q_\text{hash} + q_\text{sig} + 1) \cdot \mathcal{O}\left(k^3\right) \\ \epsilon &= \left(1 + \frac{1}{q_\text{sig}}\right)^{q_\text{sig} + 1} \cdot q_\text{sig} \cdot \epsilon' \end{align}$$.

For large $$q_\text{sig}$$ this reduces to $$\epsilon \sim \exp(1)\cdot q_\text{sig} \cdot \epsilon'$$.

This means that if there exists an algorithm that can forge a new FDH signature that runs in time t, computes at most $$q_\text{hash}$$ hashes, asks for at most $$q_\text{sig}$$ signatures and succeeds with probability $$\epsilon$$, then there must also exist an algorithm that breaks RSA with probability $$\epsilon'$$ in time $$t'$$.

title: Full Domain Hash


text:
Chris Brown (composer)

Chris Brown (born 1953) is an American composer, pianist and electronic musician, who creates music for acoustic instruments with interactive electronics, for computer networks, and for improvising ensembles. He was active early in his career as an inventor and builder of electroacoustic instruments; he has also performed widely as an improviser and pianist with groups as "Room" and the "Glenn Spearman Double Trio." In 1986 he co-founded the pioneering computer network music ensemble "The Hub". He is also known for his recorded performances of music by Henry Cowell, Luc Ferrari, and John Zorn. He has received commissions from the Berkeley Symphony, the Rova Saxophone Quartet, the Abel-Steinberg-Winant Trio, the Gerbode Foundation, the Phonos Foundation and the Creative Work Fund. His recent music includes the poly-rhythm installation "Talking Drum", the "Inventions" series for computers and interactive performers, and the radio performance "Transmissions" series, with composer Guillermo Galindo.

His 1992 electroacoustic work "Lava", for brass, percussion, and electronics is produced by Tzadik Records. He teaches Composition and Electronic Music at Mills College in Oakland, where he is co-director of the Center for Contemporary Music (CCM).

Discography

 * 1980 "Earwig" with instrument builder Tom Nunn, cassette released by Essential Recordings, 16mm film by Eric Marin.
 * 1985 Wayne Horvitz: Dinner at Eight (Dossier)
 * 1989 "Snakecharmer" Live Electroacoustic Music by Chris Brown, Artifact Recordings, CD.
 * 1989 "Room", Sound Aspects, CD.
 * 1989 "The Hub: Computer Network Music" Artifact Recordings, CD.
 * 1991 "The Virtuoso in the Computer Age -- I: CDCM Computer Music Series, vol. 10", piano performance, Centaur Records, CD
 * 1992 Room: "Hall of Mirrors", Music and Arts. CD.
 * 1993 Glenn Spearman Double Trio: "Mystery Project", piano and electronics performance, Black Saint, CD.
 * 1994 "Music from the CCM at Mills College: CDCM Computer Music Series, vol. 17", Centaur Records, CD.
 * 1994 Glenn Spearman Double Trio: "Smokehouse", piano performance, Black Saint, CD.
 * 1994 The Hub: "Wreckin' Ball", Computer Network Music, Artifact Recordings, CD.
 * 1995 "Conductions #11" by Butch Morris, original instruments performance, New World, CD.
 * 1995 "In C" by Terry Riley The 25th Anniversary Performance, keyboard performance, New Albion Records, CD.
 * 1995 "Lava" by Chris Brown, for brass, percussion and live electronics, Tzadik, CD.
 * 1996 "Duets", by Chris Brown, with Tom Nunn, William Winant, Ikue Mori, and Tom Djll, Artifact Recordings, CD.
 * 1996 Larry Ochs "The Secret Magritte", piano performance in ensemble including the Rova Saxophone Quartet, Marilyn Crispell, Barry Guy, Lisle Ellis, and William Winant, Black Saint, CD.
 * 1996 Glenn Spearman The Fields, Black Saint
 * 1997 Rova's 1995 Live Recording of John Coltrane's "Ascension", piano performance in large ensemble including the Rova Saxophone Quartet, Black Saint, CD.
 * 1998 "Cellule 75", piano performance with William Winant, percussion of Luc Ferrari's composition, Tzadik CD.
 * 1998 "Non Stop Flight", electronic performance with The Hub on this live recording by the Deep Listening Band, Music & Arts, CD.
 * 1999 "New Music: Piano Compositions by Henry Cowell", piano performances by Chris Brown, New Albion Records, CD.
 * 1999 "Waves", composition and performance with Philip Gelb, shakuhachi on "between/waves", Sparkling Beatnik, CD.
 * 1999 Glenn Spearman's Blues for Falasha, piano performance with the Glenn Spearman Double Trio, Tzadik, CD.
 * 2000 Xu Feng, electronics performance with a sextet of John Zorn’s game piece, Tzadik, CD.
 * 2001 "fuzzybunny", live electronic improvisations with the trio by the same name which also includes Tim Perkis and Scot Gresham-Lancaster, Sonore, CD.
 * 2001 "Oasis", opening track of a live computer music performance titled "knottyspine", on a compilation of music by composers from Mills College, including Fred Frith, Pauline Oliveros, Maggi Payne, John Bischoff, and Alvin Curran, CD.
 * 2001 "Talking Drum", binaural recordings of live electronic installations, and location recordings of traditional music and environmental soundscapes, Sonore, CD.
 * 2002 "Branches", recordings of "Invention#7", and "Alternating Currents", on Ecstatic Peace, LP.
 * 2002 "Transmission Temescal", binaural recording of installation of 20 boomboxes and clock radios on the decks of the Artship, the Artship Recordings, disc 47.
 * 2002 "Water", live electronics with Philip Gelb, shakuhachi, on "Visions: Performances form the EMIT series compilation CD.
 * 2003 "Headlands - Natto Quartet", extended piano improvisations with Philip Gelb, shakuhachi; Shoko Hikage, koto; and Tim Perkis, electronics, on 482 Music, CD.
 * Electric Ascension by Rova::Orchestrova, the Rova Saxophone Quartet augmented by a group of electronic musicians (Atavistic, 2005)
 * 2005 "Rogue Wave", by Chris Brown electronic and acoustic compositions "Rogue Wave", "Transmission Tenderloin", "Retroscan", "Flies", "Cloudsteams/Bellwethers" and "Alternating Currents" . With Eddie Def, William Winant, Julie Steinberg et al.
 * 2007 "Cutter Heads", Piano and Electronics; with Fred Frith, acoustic and electric guitar, Intakt Records, CD.
 * 2016 "Six Primes", Piano, New World Records, CD.

title: Chris Brown (composer)


text:
Luigi Ferdinando Marsili

Count Luigi Ferdinando Marsili (or Marsigli, Lat. Marsilius; 10 July 1658 – 1 November 1730) was an Italian scholar and eminent natural scientist, who also served as an emissary and soldier.

Biography
Born in Bologna, he was a member of an ancient patrician family and was educated in accordance with his noble social rank. He supplemented his reading by studying mathematics, anatomy, and natural history helped by the best Bolognese tutors and enhanced by his personal observations. After a course of scientific studies in his native city he travelled throughout Asia Minor collecting data on the Ottoman Empire's military organisation, as well as on its natural history.

On his return he entered the service of the Emperor Leopold (1682) and fought with distinction against the Turks, by whom he was wounded and captured in an action on the River Rába; sold to a pasha who met him after the Battle of Vienna, his release was secured in 1684. He returned to the Imperial Army deploying his skills as a talented military engineer. Marsigli contributed to the successful siege of Buda in 1686 and in the following years in the military operations of the liberation war against the Turks.

After the Treaty of Karlowitz he was commissioned to lead the Habsburg border demarcation commission. Marsigli mapped the 850 km-long Habsburg-Ottoman border in the former Kingdom of Hungary (today including Croatia, Serbia, Romania). During the twenty years he spent in Hungary he collected scientific information, specimens, antiques, took measurements and observations for his work on the Danube. He was assisted by Dr Johann Christoph Müller who prepared manuscripts for printing and commissioned the engravers in his home town of Nuremberg. The sample of the work, Prodromus, was published in 1700 and the large work was expected by 1704. His scholarship was well received in England, and was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in November 1691.

During the War of the Spanish Succession Marsigli was second-in-command under the Count d'Arco at the Imperial fortress of Breisach on the Rhine, which was surrendered in 1703. Count d'Arco was beheaded because he was found guilty of capitulating before necessary, while Marsigli was stripped of his titles and honours by the Holy Roman Emperor, and his chivalric sword was broken over him. His appeals to the Emperor were in vain, but public opinion, however, acquitted him later of the charge of neglect or ignorance.

After he had left the Habsburg Army he made journeys to Switzerland and then France, spending a considerable time at Marseilles undertaking studies about the nature of the sea. He drew plans, made astronomical observations, measured the speed and size of rivers, studied the products, the mines, the birds, fishes, and fossils of every land he visited, and also collected specimens of every kind, instruments, models, antiquities, etc. Finally he returned to Bologna and presented his entire collection to the Senate of Bologna University in 1712. There he founded his "Institute of Sciences and Arts", which was formally opened in 1715. Six professors were put in charge of the different divisions of the institute. Later he established a printing-house furnished with the best type sets for Latin, Greek, Hebrew, and Arabic. This was put in charge of the Dominicans under the patronage of St. Thomas Aquinas.

His major work on the Danube was published, after twenty years of delay, in 1726 in Amsterdam and The Hague. The maps of the work were published as an atlas in 1744. His treatise of oceans, published in 1725, renders Marsigli to be considered the founding father of modern oceanography.

In 1727 he added to his other collections East India material which he collected in England and Holland. A formal procession of the Institute he founded was established to take place every twenty-five years on the Feast of the Annunciation. In 1715 he was named a Foreign Associate of the Paris Academy of Sciences; he was also a Fellow of the Royal Society of London, and of Montpellier.

Works
A list of his works, over twenty in number, is given in Niceron's Mémoirs. His principal works are the following: Osservazioni interne al Bosforo Tracio (Rome, 1681); Histoire physique de la mer, translated by Leclerc (Amsterdam, 1725); Danubius Pannonico-Mysicus, richly illustrated work in six volumes containing much valuable historic and scientific information on the river Danubius, (6 vols., The Hague, 1726); and L'Etat militaire de l'empire ottoman (Amsterdam, 1732).

title: Luigi Ferdinando Marsili


text:
Cultural Zionism

Cultural Zionism (צִיּוֹנוּת רוּחָנִית, translit. Tsiyonut ruchanit, trans. 'Spiritual Zionism') is a strain of Zionism that focused on creating a center in historic Palestine with its own secular Jewish culture and national history, including language and historical roots, rather than other Zionist ideas such as Political Zionism. The founder of Cultural Zionism is Asher Ginsberg, better known as Ahad Ha'am. With his secular vision of a Jewish "spiritual center" in Eretz Israel/Palestine, he confronted Theodor Herzl. Unlike Herzl, the founder of political Zionism, Ha'am strove for "a Jewish state and not merely a state of Jews".

History
In the 19th century, European nations saw a decrease in the need for Jewish financiers. This led to a decline in how European societies viewed the Jewish social class. Subsequently, there was an increase of antisemitism throughout Europe. This rise in Jewish persecution, created concern throughout the Jewish Diaspora around the preservation of Jewish culture. Prominent Jewish figures of the time, such as Ahad Ha’am, felt that the rising secular modernity threatened Jewish culture. From this fear of losing their identity as distinct people, and ideas built upon from the period of jewish enlightenment,  Cultural Zionism was born. The most prominent figure in this movement was a philosopher by the name Ahad Ha'am. He believed that the survival of Jewish culture depended on the creation of a spiritual center for the Jewish people, within their ancestral homeland in Palestine.

Originally, Ahad Ha'am saw problems in Judaism and sought out ways to revitalize the religious community and the religion itself to regenerate interest in Judaism's adherents, especially its youth. He saw nationalism as a way to reconnect Jews to Judaism, putting forth ideas of creating settlements in Eretz Yisrael (Palestine) filled with well-versed Hebrew-speakers and a core adherence to Judaism. He saw the land of Israel and the Hebrew language as integral parts of the Jewish national heritage, and not necessarily of religious significance.

He viewed Theodor Herzl, an Austrian-Jewish journalist who was a proponent of political Zionism, as naive to suggest creating a Jewish state in any other area of the world. Neither did Ahad Ha'am trust other countries to help realize the Zionist goal of creating a Jewish state in Palestine, nor anywhere else for that matter. Ahad HaAm emphasized "Jewish self-reliance" over any other precept, as well as careful planning in infrastructure and construction of a Jewish footing in the Holy Land.

Ahad Ha'am recognized that the effort to achieve independence in the land of Israel would bring Jews into conflict with the native Arab population, as well as with the Ottomans and European colonial powers then eying the country. Instead, he proposed that the emphasis of the Zionist movement shift to efforts to revive the Hebrew language and create a new culture, free from negative diaspora influences, that would unite Jews and serve as a common denominator between diverse Jewish communities. The main goal of Ahad Ha'am's Cultural Zionism was the establishment of a new spiritual center for the Jewish nation, which did not necessarily require the establishment of a Jewish state, but did require the establishment of a Jewish majority in its national home. Ahad Ha'am believed that securing a secularized identity would allow for a culturally rich Jewish nation to form.

The idea took hold in adherents to the school of political Zionism and became a main focus of the World Zionist Organization following its sixth congress in 1903. Following Herzl's death, Ahad Ha'am became the main leader of the WZO along with Chaim Weizmann, who energized the Zionist movement with ideas for a regeneration of the Hebrew language, establishment of Jewish settlements in Palestine, and resurrecting nationalism with Jews in the Jewish Diaspora.

The most prominent follower of this idea was Eliezer Ben-Yehuda, a linguist intent on reviving Hebrew as a spoken language among Jews (see History of the Hebrew language). Most European Jews in the 19th century spoke Yiddish, a language based on medieval German, but as of the 1880s, Ben Yehuda and his supporters began promoting the use and teaching of a modernised form of biblical Hebrew, which had not been a living language for nearly 2,000 years. Despite Herzl's efforts to have German proclaimed the official language of the Zionist movement, the use of Hebrew was adopted as official policy by Zionist organizations in Palestine, and served as an important unifying force among the Jewish settlers, many of whom also took new Hebrew names.

Other cultural Zionists attempted to create new Jewish art forms, including graphic arts. (Boris Schatz, a Bulgarian artist, founded the Bezalel Academy of Arts and Design in Jerusalem in 1906.) Others, such as dancer and artist Baruch Agadati, fostered popular festivals such as the Adloyada carnival on Purim.

Currently, American Jewry has been influenced by Cultural Zionism since its movement by focusing on creating a spiritual community in America that is not explicitly tied to a political entity.

Opposition from within Zionism
Critics of Ahad Ha’am’s Cultural Zionism diverged from multiple perspectives within the Zionist project. Opposition to Ha'am's ideology often prioritized political action, practical steps towards statehood, and the challenges of establishing a Jewish state. Political Zionist Theodor Herzl contested Ha’am’s notions of cultural revival, prioritizing the urgency of political action and Jewish statehood as direct solution to antisemitism. Similar to Herzl’s political vision, the first president of Israel, Chaim Weizmann, proposed practical steps towards a Jewish state and was wary of Ahad Ha'am's cultural approach. He claimed physical establishments in Palestine took precedence over spiritual renewal, necessary for thriving Jewish political activity. Additionally, political leader and first prime minister of Israel, David Ben-Gurion challenged the practicality of Cultural Zionism, concentrating on a pragmatic process of state-building. Although Ben-Gurion agreed with Ha’am over the importance of cultural resurgence, his ideas differed in addressing the immediate obstacles standing in the way of a Jewish State.

American perspective
Ahad Ha’am’s beliefs garnered support from Americans who supported the idea of a binationalist solution and did not necessarily agree with all the tenants of Political Zionism. Many Americans had reservations about the displacement of Arab people in Palestine and supported the idea of a united binational state where both Arabs and Jewish people would live together. Culture Zionism had the appeal of providing a platform that prioritized the preservation of Jewish identity, heritage, and culture. Ahad Ha'am's emphasis on the development of Hebrew culture, literature, and education appealed to many American Jews who wanted to maintain their Jewish identity, even while living in diaspora.

The American Cultural Zionism movement built off of Ahad Ha’am’s framework, advocating for the creation of a national Jewish center not only in Palestine, but also in the United States. Members of the movement wanted the spiritual and intellectual community that Ha’am sought to create in Palestine to be felt throughout the Jewish Diaspora regardless of whether or not people chose to immigrate to Palestine. Israel Knox, was an American philosopher and prominent Cultural Zionist, who released an article called “Is America Exile or Home” in 1946 that analyzed the emergence of cultural Zionism and its effect on American Jewish people. He promoted three main points for establishing American Jewry which included refraining from political Zionism, creating centers for worship and tradition in America, and pushing funding for communal growth. Both Knox and Ha’am advocated for the creation of Jewish spiritual centers, Ha’am in Palestine and Knox in the United States. This core tenet of Cultural Zionism was popular among American Jews at the time.

title: Cultural Zionism


text:
Gnuff

Gnuff is a Danish comic book series about an anthropomorphic dragon who lives in a city with his wife Gnellie and his son Gnicky. They keep their wings hidden (they are compact enough to be concealed under their clothing) and generally try to live quietly, being considered 'outsiders' in a Carl Barks-like world of contemporary talking animals.

Gnuff first appeared in the Scandinavian fanzine Sejd (#12, 1974). Over the years, creator Freddy Milton has written and drawn many feature-length stories, resulting in a series of full-color albums, a regular Sunday-page newspaper comic strip, appearances in Critters and alongside Usagi Yojimbo

The Gnuff stories often revolve around social and environmental concerns. In an interview in Amazing Heroes #129, Milton said, "My dragons openly depict the problems of minorities. they have to conceal their old culture (their wings) to make it in our society. Also, they are a species on the decline. These are the reasons why they appeal to me."

Awards

 * De bedste streger i 2007 Amongst seven candidates nominated for best Comic series. 24timer Århus | 10.01.2008 | Weekend | Side 19

title: Gnuff


text: User talk:84.98.29.238

title: User talk:84.98.29.238


text:
National & Provincial Building Society

The National & Provincial Building Society was a mutual building society based in Bradford, England. It was established in 1982 by a merger between the Provincial Building Society and the Burnley Building Society.

On 5 August 1996, Abbey National took over the National & Provincial.

title: National & Provincial Building Society


text:
I Could Never Take the Place of Your Man

"I Could Never Take the Place of Your Man" is a song written and recorded by American musician Prince. It was released as the final single from his ninth studio album Sign o' the Times (1987), becoming the third top-ten hit off the album. It has since been covered by numerous artists.

Content
The song is an upbeat pop number featuring a combination of live drumming with two drum machine patterns. Also featured are two guitar solos, one wild and energetic and one more bluesy and subdued in the full album cut. The song consists of two verses and two choruses, followed by a lengthy instrumental coda. The lyrics paint the image of a woman seeking a man to replace the one who left, while Prince refuses, saying that she would not be satisfied with a one-night stand. The music and accompanying music video pushed this song to the top 10 in the US. The video was taken from the Sign “☮” the Times film, and is a live take of the song and included the horn section of Eric Leeds and Atlanta Bliss.

Cash Box called it an "exceptional tune [that] is skillfully produced and performed."

The live version of "I Could Never Take the Place of Your Man" from the video and the Sign “☮” the Times film includes a horn solo in the song's coda. The solo lifts a part of the "Camille" and Black Album track, "Rock Hard in a Funky Place".

B-side
The single was backed with "Hot Thing", also from Sign “☮” the Times. The 12-inch single includes the full album version of "I Could Never Take the Place of Your Man", as well as several remixes of "Hot Thing". One of these was included on the Ultimate compilation album in 2006. "Hot Thing" received enough airplay by DJs to chart on its own, reaching No. 63.

7": Paisley Park / 7-28288 (US)

 * 1) "I Could Never Take the Place of Your Man" (fade) – 3:39
 * 2) "Hot Thing" (edit) – 3:40

12": Paisley Park / 0-20728 (UK)

 * 1) "I Could Never Take the Place of Your Man" – 6:31
 * 2) "Hot Thing" (edit) – 3:40
 * 3) "Hot Thing" (extended remix) – 8:32
 * 4) "Hot Thing" (dub version) – 6:53

12": Warner Bros / W8288T (UK)

 * 1) "I Could Never Take the Place of Your Man" – 6:31
 * 2) "Hot Thing" (edit) – 3:40
 * 3) "Hot Thing" (extended remix) – 8:32

* also released as a picture disc (W8288TP)

Personnel
Credits from Duane Tudahl, Benoît Clerc and Guitarcloud
 * Prince – lead and backing vocals, electric and acoustic guitars, Fairlight CMI, Oberheim OB-8, bass guitar, LinnDrum, handclaps
 * Susannah Melvoin – possible backing vocals

Jordan Knight version
Jordan Knight, of New Kids on the Block, recorded a cover of the song as a ballad for his 1999 self-titled solo debut. The video debuted on TRL on July 27, 1999 at number 10. It features background vocals by Knight & Robin Thicke.

Track listing
US single
 * 1) "I Could Never Take the Place of Your Man" (Soul Solution Radio Edit) – 4:03
 * 2) "I Could Never Take the Place of Your Man" (LP version) – 4:04

US 12" vinyl
 * A1 "I Could Never Take the Place of Your Man" (Soul Solution Ext. Vox) – 10:31
 * A2 "I Could Never Take the Place of Your Man" (Soul Solution Radio Edit) – 4:03
 * B1 "I Could Never Take the Place of Your Man" (CZR's Funk Parlor Remix) – 8:13
 * B2 "I Could Never Take the Place of Your Man" (Soul Solution Dub) – 7:48

UK Maxi-CD
 * 1) "I Could Never Take the Place of Your Man" (LP version) – 4:06
 * 2) "I Could Never Take the Place of Your Man" (Uptempo Remix Radio Edit) – 3:54
 * 3) "I Could Never Take the Place of Your Man" (Soul Solution Radio Mix) – 4:09
 * 4) "Give It to You" (Club Remix) – 5:32
 * 5) "I Could Never Take the Place of Your Man" (CD-ROM video) – 4:09

Other cover versions

 * The Goo Goo Dolls included a cover of "I Could Never Take the Place of Your Man" (shortened to "Never Take the Place of Your Man") on their 1990 album Hold Me Up. The vocals for this version are sung by Lance Diamond who performed in their hometown of Buffalo, New York.
 * Flesh for Lulu released a live cover on their 1990 album Final Vinyl (and Live Flesh).
 * Dutch band The Essence released an uncharacteristic cover version as a B-side on their 1991 single "Out of Grace" from the album Nothing Lasts Forever.
 * German singer/songwriter Michy Reincke released a German-language version of "I Could Never Take the Place of Your Man" on his second solo CD RinTinTin in late Summer 1992, translated and reworked as "Ich bin nicht Dein Mann". In 2010 he released an acoustic version of "Ich bin nicht Dein Mann" on his CD Palais Salam.
 * Danish punk band Gob Squad produced a cover for the 2004 compilation Punk Chartbusters, Volume 5.
 * Sigue Sigue Sputnik covered it on their 2007 EP Ray of Light.
 * After performing the song live on tour, Eels recorded a cover for their 2008 album Useless Trinkets. The album also features a cover of "If I Was Your Girlfriend", another song from Prince's Sign “☮” the Times album. The video for this version is on the DVD Eels with Strings: Live at Town Hall, but without the audio. Authorization for use of the song was not received and the audio was replaced by an 'emergency commentary' explaining the situation in a veiled, but humorous manner by Eels leader E and guitarist The Chet.
 * Wellington International Ukulele Orchestra included a cover on their 2009 EP The Dreaming.
 * Seattle band Fruit Bats reference the track in their ballad "Singing Joy to the World" from the 2010 release The Ruminant Band.
 * My Morning Jacket performed a cover of "I Could Never Take the Place of Your Man" during their set at the 2005 Bonnaroo Music Festival. They covered the song again in May 2016 at Iroquois Amphitheater in Louisville as a tribute to Prince after his death a few weeks prior.
 * Paul Rocker produced and sang a cover for his 2014 album Identity Crisis, guest-starring Alex Vincent from the Alex Vincent Band on guitar.
 * Aaron Freeman (aka Gene Ween) has performed this track live with Freeman in 2014.
 * Minneapolis rock band the Replacements covered the song as documented in an unauthorized compilation "Essential Mats: Obscurities, Live Tracks, & Album Cuts."
 * Country music singer Christian Kane has also performed a cover of this song.


text:
User talk:Jbarnitz/ONS

This is my first Wiki article, so please provide feedback. Jbarnitz 20:55, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jbarnitz/ONS


text:
User talk:Thommy-86

Welcome from Brian0918

Hello, Thommy-86, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes () to produce your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page.
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Merging, redirecting, and renaming pages
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Again, welcome! — BRIAN 0918 • 2005-08-19 20:55

Image copyright problem with Image:Thicke.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Thicke.jpg. However, the image may soon be deleted unless we can determine the copyright holder and copyright status. The Wikimedia Foundation is very careful about the images included in Wikipedia because of copyright law (see Wikipedia's Copyright policy).

The copyright holder is usually the creator, the creator's employer, or the last person who was transferred ownership rights. Copyright information on images is signified using copyright templates. The three basic license types on Wikipedia are open content, public domain, and fair use. Find the appropriate template in Image copyright tags and place it on the image page like this:.

Please signify the copyright information on any other images you have uploaded or will upload. Remember that images without this important information can be deleted by an administrator. If you have any questions, feel free to contact me. Thank you. Longhair 15:01, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:Robin thicke.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Robin thicke.jpg. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is therefore unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the media also doesn't have a copyright tag then you must also add one. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then you can use GFDL to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media qualifies as fair use, please read fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other media, please check that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Longhair 15:01, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

Brum skyline
Facinating view of Birmingham on - I recognise the towers of Floodgate School (South Birmingham College). Where was it taken from? The Custard Factory somewhere? Oosoom Talk to me 21:49, 20 April 2007 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image (Image:Ttslogo.gif)
Thanks for uploading Image:Ttslogo.gif. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. BetacommandBot 01:11, 14 May 2007 (UTC)

Non-free use disputed for Image:Carlysimonwhy.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Carlysimonwhy.jpg. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read carefully the instructions at Non-free content and then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies.

If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our Criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 06:05, 2 June 2007 (UTC)

Disputed fair use rationale for Image:Carlysimonwhy.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Carlysimonwhy.jpg. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read the instructions at Non-free content carefully, then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies for fair use. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot (talk) 18:44, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image File:Carlysimonwhy.jpg
 Thanks for uploading File:Carlysimonwhy.jpg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described in the criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. --B-bot (talk) 18:24, 15 February 2016 (UTC)

title: User talk:Thommy-86


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Michael Horner

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. Redwolf24 (talk) 02:08, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

Michael Horner
Some random theologian at a homophobic university. Not more notable than the average college professor. Dunc|☺ 20:55, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

Keep I do not know what is particularly random about Michael Horner. Perhaps, duncharris can elaborate. LOL  I also see no evidence that the members of the Canadian university are particularly afraid of homosexuals although they disagree with homosexuality which I think is tolerable in a free society. Also, I cannot imagine the fairly peaceful Canadians as being particularly hateful. I would also point out that a leading atheist debator Dan Barker went out of his way to debate Mr. Horner.

ken 17:48, 22 August 2005 (UTC)kdbuffalo Important additional note:
 * keep. Prof. Horner is a faculty member at Trinity Western, which is notable for winning an important case before the Supreme Court of Canada. He is well known in debate circles (as per kdbuffalo's comment above) across Canada, and serves as one of the premier lecturers for Campus Crusade for Christ, Canada. He is clearly more notable than "the average college professor", regardless of whatever his views on homosexuality may be. Simply labelling Trinity Western as "homophobic" is POV. --Nicodemus75 23:06, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The court case might add some notability to the institution, but it doesn't give any to it's employees. Would you include all the students, just because their school won a court case? -Splash 00:23, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep as above. Trollderella 23:20, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nothing in the article indicates he is any more notable than your average WP:PROF — it is far from unusual to lecture internationally. Further, indicates that he is only part-time faculty. -Splash 00:23, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I confess that it is difficult to gauge the notability of the "average" professor, but it seems to me that he satisfies that standard. -- DS1953 00:47, August 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Sounds like an article written by one of his suck-up students.  The guy is a nobody and the article is written poorly. (Notorious4life 02:43, 20 August 2005 (UTC))
 * Delete. The article doesn't establish notability, and the writings linked to are not particularly impressive. Martg76 03:00, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per Martg76. -- Kjkolb 07:05, August 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per Martg76. --*drew 07:05, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-notable professor. Gamaliel 07:26, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-notableHomey 16:50, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Fails WP:PROF, thus nn. Xoloz 20:18, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Participating in sixty debates does not make one notable. CJCurrie 01:18, 21 August 2005 (UTC)

I went to the leading atheist website which is infidels.org  There were 52 entries on Micheal Horner in the infidels.org search engine.

Please see: Michael Horner - infidels.org search engine results

Clearly, the atheist community sees Michael Horner as a fairly well known and prominent Christian apologist.

ken 15:51, 20 August 2005 (UTC)kdbuffalo
 * Delete, non-notable. Nandesuka 23:21, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, non-notable. --[[Image:Ottawa flag.png|20px]] Spinboy 21:27, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Famously debated Farrell Till who is roughly equivalent in notability and Till has an entry. Let's not discriminate against the Christians. User:Gilbertggoose 22:00, 22 August 2005 (CST)
 * Assume good faith please and let's not throw around reckless and offensive accusations. Gamaliel 04:13, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Labelling Trinity Western as a "homophobic university" is clearly not good faith--Nicodemus75 06:50, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * It's far less problematic in the "good faith" department than Gilbertggoose's claim that any objection to this article at all constitutes anti-Christian discrimination. Bearcat 17:55, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Uh... the comment about homophobic universities at the top of this page IS the anti-Christian discrimination. I don't assume good faith in the face of clear and direct insults. Gilbertggoose 18:50, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * An allegation of homophobia does not constitute discrimination. Bearcat 22:21, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Let's keep it polite, no personal attacks please. It's not discrimination to say that the guy isn't notable. --[[Image:Ottawa flag.png|20px]] Spinboy 22:28, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User talk:Peggys

Fair use rationale for Image:Lowell.jpg
Thanks for uploading or contributing to Image:Lowell.jpg. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is not a suitable explanation or rationale as to why each specific use in Wikipedia constitutes fair use. Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale.

If you have uploaded other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on those pages too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free media lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. After Midnight 0001 19:52, 15 September 2007 (UTC)

Image source problem with Image:PLilly.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:PLilly.jpg. I noticed that the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you did not create this file yourself, you will need to specify the owner of the copyright. If you obtained it from a website, then a link to the website from which it was taken, together with a restatement of that website's terms of use of its content, is usually sufficient information. However, if the copyright holder is different from the website's publisher, their copyright should also be acknowledged.

As well as adding the source, please add a proper copyright licensing tag if the file doesn't have one already. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then the GFDL-self tag can be used to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media meets the criteria at Non-free content, use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have specified their source and tagged them, too. You can find a list of files you have uploaded by following this link. Unsourced and untagged images may be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If the image is copyrighted under a non-free license (per Fair use) then the image will be deleted 48 hours after 14:12, 1 October 2007 (UTC). If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Iamunknown 14:12, 1 October 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Peggys


text:
User talk:Robodoc.at2

Welcome from Brian0918

Hello, Robodoc.at2, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes () to produce your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page.
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Merging, redirecting, and renaming pages
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Again, welcome! — BRIAN 0918 • 2005-08-19 20:56

title: User talk:Robodoc.at2


text:
User talk:Turqjade

Welcome from Brian0918

Hello, Turqjade, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes () to produce your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page.
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Merging, redirecting, and renaming pages
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Again, welcome! — BRIAN 0918 • 2005-08-19 20:56

title: User talk:Turqjade


text:
User talk:ShwangShwing

Welcome from Brian0918

Hello, ShwangShwing, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes () to produce your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page.
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Merging, redirecting, and renaming pages
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Again, welcome! — BRIAN 0918 • 2005-08-19 20:56

title: User talk:ShwangShwing


text:
Talk:Dinaric calcareous block fir forest

[Untitled]
User:Orjen, I'm not sure what screen resolution you use, but the page now looks horribly crammed. It's also hard to decypher what the table means. --Joy [shallot]   20:57, 19 August 2005 (UTC)


text: Template:French literature sidebar

title: Template:French literature sidebar


text:
User talk:Rearden9

Survivalism
Hi, you removed a short para on firearms from the survivalism article. Some detail on the firearms preparations made by survivalist groups helps the reader to understand this aspect of survivalism (ownership of defensive weapons). A fair presentation of survivalism should not OVEREMPHASIZE the firearms stockpiling element (because there are so many other elements...(shelter, vehicles, food cache, training, etc.). Yet nor should the firearms stockpiling element be "sanitized" out of the article. Go to the Rubicon website... there are many articles on weapons, ammunition, caches, modifications, etc. I'll try again, this time shorter, so it is less redundant with the longer Rubicon section.Nazamo 02:29, 8 October 2006 (UTC)
 * I agree that the survivalism article should not be sanitized of or have firearms over emphasized. I removed the section because it did not contribute to one's understanding of survivalism, but was a plug on where to find specific information on specific firearms.  I have been to the Rubicon website in the past and have wandered around a while and it seems to have useful information on survival topics, but it is necessary to keep in mind that the topic is survivalism, not looking for places to tell someone how to trick out a FAL. Rearden9 13:52, 9 October 2006 (UTC)

Gun Control
Hello, on the note of firearms, I (Padawan Modesty) edited the gun politics article so that it would say that 'firearms ownership is a fundamental right in some countries' but you changed it back to 'firearms ownership is a fundamental right'. The thing is from a legal perspective, it is only a fundamental right in some countries (we don't all share the same laws as the U.S., you know) and considering that the context was the statement being backed up with an article from the U.S. constitution, I can only assume that it was from a legal perspective. Also, I edited it to say "In the U.S., if guns were illegal" but you changed it back to "If guns were illegal". This is from the perspective of the U.S., as guns are already illegal for most citizens and purposes in many countries. PLEASE remember that Wikipedia is a worldwide website, and this kind of perspective would be suitable only for the article of gun politics in the United States. However, I don't have a problem with you deleting my humorous comments on the issue, even if that has made the article a little less fun.

One thing though, I couldn't help but notice that one of the links you provided (something like "the racist roots of gun control'!) had articles on the site such as "If you don't vote like a gun owner, YOU SUCK!". I find some of the links provided and the information in the said links to be hilarious, I'm amazed that people actually write that stuff because they believe that it's true.  Please add more links, I'm enjoying them.

 * You are missing the point about "fundamental rights". A "fundamental right" in this context is a natural Human right and therefore by definition is not something which is limited by politcal or governmental boundries.  So saying "a fundamental right in some countries" does not make sense in the given context.

 * The statement "if guns were illegal, criminals would still own them because they have no respect for the law now." stands alone irrespective of political boundries. Even in countries where they are entirely illegal, criminals still own them.

 * The addition of "in the U.S." did not apply to either of the two statements mentioned above and for that reason I took them out.

 * Adding funny comments is appropriate in some environments, at not in others. Generally, adding them to an article is considered vandalism in wikipedia.

 * I didn't add that link, I just reverted to a previous state where that article was included. I have only been to the site once and that was to verify that the stated article existed.  There were other articles on the site, but the previous editor had only linked the "racist roots of gun control" article. Rearden9 17:00, 13 October 2006 (UTC)

Welcome from Brian0918

Hello, Rearden9, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes () to produce your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page.
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Merging, redirecting, and renaming pages
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Again, welcome! — BRIAN 0918 • 2005-08-19 20:57

Welcome!
Welcome to wikipedia, Rearden9. Hope to see you around more in the future. Drop me a note on my Talk page if you run into any questions. Wesley 18:04, 15 March 2006 (UTC)

Type IV remailers?
Hi, Rearden9! I'm looking for some source to the claim that pseudonymous remailers are called "Type IV", and it looks like you're the one who added it. As near as I can tell, the term isn't used much in the literature or on the archived discussion areas. See Talk:Anonymous remailer for more discussion. Thanks! --Victor Lighthill 23:18, 3 July 2006 (UTC)

Use "minor edits" only for truly minor edits, please
Remember to mark your edits as minor only when they genuinely are (see Minor edit). "The rule of thumb is that an edit of a page that is spelling corrections, formatting, and minor rearranging of text should be flagged as a 'minor edit'." —C.Fred (talk) 16:27, 14 July 2006 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Nautilus-half-c.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Nautilus-half-c.jpg. The image has been identified as not specifying the copyright status of the image, which is required by Wikipedia's policy on images. If you don't indicate the copyright status of the image on the image's description page, using an appropriate copyright tag, it may be deleted some time in the next seven days. If you have uploaded other images, please verify that you have provided copyright information for them as well.

For more information on using images, see the following pages:
 * Image use policy
 * Image copyright tags

This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. 05:46, 21 July 2006 (UTC)

License tagging for Image:KFMPage11.png
Thanks for uploading Image:KFMPage11.png. Wikipedia gets thousands of images uploaded every day, and in order to verify that the images can be legally used on Wikipedia, the source and copyright status must be indicated. Images need to have an image tag applied to the image description page indicating the copyright status of the image. This uniform and easy-to-understand method of indicating the license status allows potential re-users of the images to know what they are allowed to do with the images.

For more information on using images, see the following pages:
 * Image use policy
 * Image copyright tags

This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. If you need help on selecting a tag to use, or in adding the tag to the image description, feel free to post a message at Media copyright questions. 22:06, 21 July 2006 (UTC)

RNGS
Hello, I'm glad you're taking off running with the RGNS article. I haven't had the time to. Thanks, OmnipotentEntity.

Gullah
I hope I’m doing this correctly and apologize in advance if I screw this up. I just had a quick question about a change you made to the Hilton Head wiki. I’ve lived here for years, and have spoken with several of the native Islanders here, and none of them refer to themselves as Geechee. That terms applies more to native islanders further toward Florida. I recently changed it to reflect this, and you apparently changed it back (if I’m reading the history right; I’m new at this). Can I ask why?
 * I grew up on Hilton Head back in the 70s and I remember the Geechee term used. The Gullah article mentions that Geechee is used in Georgia. (as Hilton Head is as far south as you can get without being in GA :)  I don't claim any expertise (I am not an anthropologist) in the matter, except for having lived there for a number of years.  The Beaufort Co Library has a page on Gullah and mentions that the term Geechee is also used and is derived from a different place in Africa.    Feel welcome to provide more data and make the change.  And yes, you are doing things right by writing on the talk page.  Sign up for an account and start editing!  Rearden9 15:39, 25 August 2006 (UTC)

damaka
I've looked at the references you removed and noticed that you removed a newspaper article and an article by a TMCnet editor on IP Communication. (the ladder was not on the talk page either). Please justify why you removed these third party publications? The other publications you removed are also non-company issued, but I agree that they are short and perhaps do not warrant entry. I have re-added the newspaper article (please note that this is a front page article by an independent newspaper) and the TMCnet editor column. I also added a new third-party article that came out recently. (Hopper96 13:10, 28 October 2006 (UTC))
 * I removed the newspaper article because it is a .jpg of a newspaper clipping hosted at the damaka company's website. References should be links to external sites with critical information or citations from relevant literature to back up statements made in the article.  Self promotion is frowned upon in wikipedia.  I could be convinced that the TMCnet article qualifies as a reference, but it is pretty close to a generic industry press release.  Rearden9 19:05, 30 October 2006 (UTC)

vandalism warning
I added a vandalism warning to Froboy's talk page. He doesn't seem too active though, wouldn't be surprised if he's already bored with it. Wesley 03:53, 3 February 2007 (UTC)

Voice over IP
Welcome to Wikipedia. We invite everyone to contribute constructively to the encyclopedia. However, the external links you added do not comply with our guidelines for external links. Wikipedia is not a mere directory of links; nor should it be used for advertising or promotion. Since Wikipedia uses nofollow tags, external links do not alter search engine rankings. If you feel the link should be added to the article, then please discuss it on the article's talk page before reinserting it. Please take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. --Ronz 21:10, 8 March 2007 (UTC)

I saw your comment in Talk:Voice over IP. I think this is a clear-cut case of an improper external link. Do we need to get a mediator involved? --Ronz 18:04, 16 March 2007 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (Image:Hushmail.JPG)
Thanks for uploading Image:Hushmail.JPG. The media description page currently specifies that it is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, it is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the media was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that media for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that all non-free media not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. —  pd_THOR  undefined | 08:07, 13 September 2007 (UTC)

Unspecified source for Image:KFM_topview.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:KFM_topview.jpg. I noticed that the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you did not create this file yourself, then you will need to specify the owner of the copyright. If you obtained it from a website, then a link to the website from which it was taken, together with a restatement of that website's terms of use of its content, is usually sufficient information. However, if the copyright holder is different from the website's publisher, then their copyright should also be acknowledged.

As well as adding the source, please add a proper copyright licensing tag if the file doesn't have one already. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then the GFDL-self tag can be used to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media meets the criteria at Fair use, use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have specified their source and tagged them, too. You can find a list of files you have uploaded by following [ this link]. Unsourced and untagged images may be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If the image is copyrighted under a non-free license (per Fair use) then the image will be deleted 48 hours after 15:31, 6 March 2008 (UTC). If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. MECU ≈ talk 15:31, 6 March 2008 (UTC)

No advice
It is my understanding that Wikipedia discourages advice giving, hence I invite you to reconsider your contribution "In case of a nuclear emergency, iodine used for the cleaning of wounds should not be ingested, as it is poisonous." From What Wikipedia is not: "Wikipedia is an encyclopedic reference, not an instruction manual, guidebook or textbook.... a Wikipedia article should not read like a how-to style manual of instructions, advice (legal, medical, or otherwise) or suggestions..." In the WE-chem pages, we contend with all sorts of do-gooders eager to tell readers what to do to make them healthy, feel good, get well, get high, ... It's an ongoing battle. --Smokefoot (talk) 17:22, 18 July 2008 (UTC)
 * I don't think this qualifies as "advice" according to the Wikipedia definition. Stating that a compound is poisonous and that is not the same as a similar sounding and common compound is not advice, but factual and potentially life saving information.  Information which I expect an encyclopedia to include.  Please wordsmith if you think it is necessary, but I think the information should be a part of the article. Rearden9 (talk) 17:11, 28 July 2009 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:08, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:33, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Nomination of William I. Orr for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article William I. Orr is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/William I. Orr until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Boleyn (talk) 17:27, 6 August 2021 (UTC)

title: User talk:Rearden9


text: User talk:192.190.75.16

title: User talk:192.190.75.16