text:
Lulu on the Bridge

Lulu on the Bridge is a 1998 American romantic-mystery drama film written and directed by author Paul Auster and starring Harvey Keitel, Mira Sorvino, and Willem Dafoe. The film is about a jazz saxophone player whose life is transformed after being shot. After discovering a mysterious stone, he meets and falls in love with a beautiful aspiring actress, but their happiness is cut short by a series of strange, dreamlike events. The film was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1998 Cannes Film Festival.

Plot
Jazz saxophone player Izzy Maurer (Harvey Keitel) is shot in the chest during a performance at a jazz club by a deranged man. Izzy survives the seven-hour operation, but loses his left lung, ending his music career. A young aspiring actress named Celia Burns (Mira Sorvino) walks into the Chez Pierre restaurant in New York City where she works as a waitress. She and her boss talk about the shooting. Later she purchases Izzy's latest CD.

Following his recovery, Izzy stays to himself and avoids his friends. Gradually he ventures outside and adapts to his new life. His former girlfriend Hannah (Gina Gershon) invites him to a dinner attended by a retired famous actress, Catherine Moore (Vanessa Redgrave), who is now a successful film director, and her film producer friend, Philip Kleinman (Mandy Patinkin). For the first time in a long time he has a good time. Catherine is looking for a young actress to play the part of "Lula" in her upcoming film version of Pandora's Box. Walking home that night Izzy discovers a dead body, finds a bag lying nearby, and rushes home in fear. Later he examines the contents of the bag and finds a small box containing a stone with a red mark. As he examines the stone he hears voices speaking in foreign tongues.

That night, as he lay awake in bed, the stone emits a strange blue light and elevates above the nightstand. The next morning he calls the number written on a napkin he found in the bag and Celia picks up the phone just as she's listening to Izzy's CD. He asks to meet, and she invites him over. When he arrives he demands to know what she knows about the dead man, Stanley Mar (Greg Johnson), and the strange rock. He turns out the lights and shows her the rock's mysterious blue light. Drawn to the rock, Celia touches it and encourages him to touch it too. "It's the best thing, it really is. It's like nothing else," she says. They feel elated by the experience, which makes them feel more connected to everything around them. He tells her, "The way I feel now, I could spend the rest of my life with you." After he leaves, Celia runs after him and invites him back to her apartment where they make love. In the coming days, they fall deeply in love. She gets him a job at her restaurant, but when a customer comes on to her, Izzy causes a scene and they both get fired.

Celia is up for a part in Catherine's film, Pandorah's Box, and with Izzy's help and connections, she gets the part of Lulu. Izzy plans to meet Celia in Dublin, where the film is being shot. Shortly after she leaves, Izzy is attacked by men in his apartment demanding to know why he killed Stanley Mar. He is taken away and held prisoner. He meets a mysterious Dr. Van Horn (Willem Dafoe) who tells Izzy how disappointed he is in him. Izzy has no idea what he's talking about, but Van Horn seems to know details about Izzy's past—his real name, childhood incidents, and catching fireflies with his brother at their summer house on Echo Lake. When Van Horn begins to delve into Izzy's relationships with his father and brother, Izzy responds, "Don't do this to me." When reminded that he refused to play music at his father's funeral, he breaks down in tears. One night, Van Horn storms into Izzy's cell and tell him, "You're not worthy. You've lived a bad dishonest life." Having learned about Celia, Van horn now demands that Izzy reveal her whereabouts. Izzy refuses to acknowledge that he even knows her. As he leaves, Van Horn says, "May God have mercy on your soul."

Meanwhile, Celia is unable to reach Izzy and she suspects that something is very wrong. She fears that Izzy has abandoned her. One night she takes out the rock and the blue light appears, but now it only produces in her an overwhelming sadness. Distressed, Lulu takes the rock and walks to Ha'penny Bridge, where she drops the stone into the dark river below. The following day, Van Horn and his men find Celia in Dublin and attempt to kidnap her. They chase her through the streets to Ha'penny Bridge where she had dropped the stone. As they close in, she jumps into the river.

Back in New York, Izzy finally manages to escape his prison. He learns from the producer of Celia's disappearance and nearly collapses. The producer gives him a videotape of some of Celia's scenes. Later at a jazz club, he asks his friends, "Am I a good person or a bad person?" Back at his apartment he watches the videotape of Celia and weeps.

After being shot at the jazz club by the deranged man, Izzy is taken away in an ambulance. On the way to the hospital, his heart stops and Izzy Maurer dies, just as the ambulance passes a young aspiring actress named Celia Burns. She sees the ambulance pass and makes the sign of the cross.

Cast

 * Harvey Keitel as Izzy Maurer
 * Mira Sorvino as Celia Burns
 * Willem Dafoe as Dr. Van Horn
 * Gina Gershon as Hannah
 * Vanessa Redgrave as Catherine Moore
 * Mandy Patinkin as Philip Kleinman
 * Richard Edson as Dave Reilly
 * Don Byron as Tyrone Lord
 * Kevin Corrigan as Man With Gun
 * Victor Argo as Pierre
 * Peggy Gormley as Dr. Fisher
 * Harold Perrineau as Bobby Perez
 * Sophie Auster as Sonia Kleinman
 * Greg Johnson as Stanley Mar
 * David Byrne as 'Laughing Man' Escort
 * Lou Reed as 'Not Lou Reed'
 * Holly Buczek as Dying Girl
 * Slava Schoot as Russian Thug
 * Henry Yuk as Chinese Thug
 * Fred Norris as German Thug
 * Brian McGuinness as Pursuer #1
 * Neil Donovan as Pursuer #2
 * Socorro Santiago as Paramedic #1
 * O.L. Duke as Paramedic #2

Screenplay
Lulu on the Bridge was Paul Auster's directing début. He had previously written the script for The Music of Chance, and had collaborated with director Wayne Wang on Smoke (1995) and Blue in the Face (1995).

Casting
Auster felt fortunate in his casting of the film, stating, "I wanted all the people that are in the film, and I asked them. Many of them I knew—that was my casting technique."

Auster had hoped to cast Salman Rushdie as Dr. Van Horn. Demands for increased wages on the part of the Teamsters, due to the perceived increased danger of having Rushdie in the cast, could not be met and the part went, on short notice, to Willem Dafoe.

Filming locations

 * Dublin, County Dublin, Ireland
 * Ha'penny Bridge, Dublin, County Dublin, Ireland
 * New York City, New York, USA

Release
The film premiered in Norway on August 14, 1998, and in France at the Deauville Film Festival on September 6, 1998. The following month the film was released in France, Poland, and Spain. The film was released on DVD in the United States on September 21, 1999.

Reception
On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 0%, based on 8 reviews. Emanuel Levy of Variety wrote, "The film is original and intermittently touching, but ultimately frustrating due to the meandering nature of the riddle-like script and Auster’s lethargic direction."

Soundtrack
In April 2006, the original music soundtrack was released on CD on the Blue Note label (4953172).

 * 1) "Close Your Eyes" by Mira Sorvino (0:57)
 * 2) "Sugarcraft" by Medeski, Martin & Wood (3:18)
 * 3) "Izzy's Last Jam" by Don Byron (3:03)
 * 4) "Cumba's Dance" by Jacky Terrasson (2:00)
 * 5) "Make It Go Away" by Holly Cole (4:00)
 * 6) "Je Me Souviens d'Unechanson" by Edith Piaf (2:46)
 * 7) "Voices from Box" by Paul Auster (0:57)
 * 8) "The Blue Light" by Graeme Revell (4:47)
 * 9) "On the Roof" by Graeme Revell (2:28)
 * 10) "Devil Drums" by Raymond Scott Quintette (3:38)
 * 11) "Dolorosa (Stabat Mater)" by Giovanni Pergolesi (4:37)
 * 12) "Easy – Don't Hurt" by Ike Quebec (6:04)
 * 13) "Traveling Miles" by Cassandra Wilson (4:52)
 * 14) "Goodbye Celia" by Graeme Revell (1:05)
 * 15) "Estranha Forma de Vida" by Amália Rodrigues (3:14)
 * 16) "Finale" by Graeme Revell (4:45)
 * 17) "Singin' in the Rain" by Lena Horne (4:17)

title: Lulu on the Bridge


text:
User:Magister Mathematicae/sandbox

-

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Magister Mathematicae/sandbox


text:
Saul, County Down

Saul (Sabhall Phádraig) is a village in County Down, Northern Ireland, within the civil parish of Saul and Ballee.

The villages lies to the east of Downpatrick and has strong links with Saint Patrick. It is claimed that when Saint Patrick arrived in Ireland in 432, strong currents swept his boat through the Strangford Lough tidal narrows and he landed where the Slaney River flows into the lough. The local chieftain, Dichu Mac Trichim,

was converted and gave him a barn (Old Irish saball, hence the placename) for holding services. Allegedly, Saint Patrick died in Saul Monastery on 17 March 461 and is buried in nearby Downpatrick. The modern "Saint Patrick's Memorial Church" is built on the reputed spot of this building and includes a replica round tower.

Saul has expanded closer into Downpatrick with new estates being built such as Saul Meadows, Saul Acres and Saul Manor. The village has a soccer club and Gaelic football club St Patrick's GAC, formed in 1928.A recent revival of hurling and comogie in 2022 after 30 years since it was last played in Saul.

Civil parish of Saul
The civil parish is in the historic barony of Lecale Lower and contains the following settlements:
 * Saul

Townlands
The civil parish contains the following townlands:

 * Ballinarry
 * Ballintogher
 * Ballynagarrick
 * Ballysugagh
 * Ballywoodan
 * Carrowcarlin
 * Carrowvanny
 * Castle Island
 * Gores Island
 * Green Island
 * Hare Island
 * Launches Little Island
 * Launches Long Island
 * Lisbane
 * Lisboy
 * Portloughan
 * Quoile
 * Ringbane
 * Russells Quarter North
 * Russells Quarter South
 * Salt Island
 * Saul
 * Shark Island
 * Walshestown
 * Whitehills

title: Saul, County Down


text: User talk:84.178.12.199

title: User talk:84.178.12.199


text:
Fireside Theatre

Fireside Theatre (later known as Jane Wyman Presents the Fireside Theatre, Jane Wyman Theatre, The Jane Wyman Show and Jane Wyman Presents) is an American anthology drama series that ran on NBC from 1949 to 1958, and was the first successful filmed series on American television. Early episodes (1949-1955) were low-budget and often based on public domain stories. While the series was dismissed by critics, it remained among the top ten most popular shows for most of this period. For the 8th season (1955–1956) Jane Wyman became the host and producer making it only the second filmed prime time network drama anthology to be hosted by a woman. Later episodes (1955–1958) were written by important freelance television writers such as Rod Serling, Aaron Spelling and Gene Roddenberry. It predates the other major pioneer of filmed television production in America, I Love Lucy, by two years.

Overview
Fireside Theatre was created by Frank Wisbar, who also wrote and directed many episodes. He was the producer and director for the program's first six years, resigning on December 6, 1954, and leaving when his contract expired on February 15, 1955. From 1952 to 1958, the program was presented by a host. This role was first filled by Wisbar (1952–1953), then by Gene Raymond (1953–1955), and finally by the person most associated with the series in the public mind, Jane Wyman (1955–1958).

On April 2, 1955 series’ sponsor P&G and NBC announced a deal with MCA Inc. for Wyman to assume the role of host. During the period first-run episodes were produced by Wyman’s production company Lewman Limited, the series ultimately became known as The Jane Wyman Show. Wyman acted in 49 of the 93 episodes she hosted. Episodes rerun weekdays on ABC as part of its 1961-62 and 1962-63  daytime schedule ran under the title Jane Wyman Presents.

Cast
As an anthology series, Fireside Theatre had no regular cast, just a series of guest stars:

 * Claude Akins
 * Keith Andes
 * John Archer
 * Barry Atwater
 * Phyllis Avery
 * Parley Baer
 * Gene Barry
 * Frances Bavier
 * William Bendix
 * Richard Beymer
 * Whit Bissell
 * Gloria Blondell
 * Neville Brand
 * Frank Cady
 * Rod Cameron
 * Macdonald Carey
 * Jack Carson
 * Jeannie Carson
 * Anthony Caruso
 * George Chandler
 * Dane Clark
 * Gary Clarke
 * Imogene Coca
 * Hans Conried
 * Jeanne Cooper
 * Robert O. Cornthwaite
 * Joseph Cotten
 * Linda Darnell
 * John Dehner
 * Albert Dekker
 * Reginald Denny
 * Francis De Sales
 * Lawrence Dobkin
 * John Doucette
 * Paul Douglas
 * Stephen Dunne
 * Dan Duryea
 * Vince Edwards
 * Jack Elam
 * Richard Erdman
 * Bill Erwin
 * Felicia Farr
 * William Fawcett
 * Frank Ferguson
 * Joe Flynn
 * Bruce Gordon
 * Dabbs Greer
 * Virginia Gregg
 * Virginia Grey
 * Kevin Hagen
 * Don Haggerty
 * Charles Herbert
 * Louis Jean Heydt
 * William Hopper
 * Vivi Janiss
 * Carolyn Jones
 * Henry Jones
 * Brian Keith
 * Gail Kobe
 * Jack Kruschen
 * Fernando Lamas
 * Charles Lane
 * John Larch
 * Peter Lawford
 * Peter Leeds
 * Yvonne Lime
 * Betty Lynn
 * Hugh Marlowe
 * Lee Marvin
 * Mercedes McCambridge
 * Jayne Meadows
 * Ralph Meeker
 * Gary Merrill
 * Eve Miller
 * George Montgomery
 * Dennis Morgan
 * Jeff Morrow
 * Don Murray
 * Burt Mustin
 * Jeanette Nolan
 * Margaret O'Brien
 * Doris Packer
 * Larry Pennell
 * Vincent Price
 * Maudie Prickett
 * Ainslie Pryor
 * Stuart Randall
 * Gilman Rankin
 * Lydia Reed
 * Addison Richards
 * Peter Mark Richman
 * Roy Roberts
 * Gilbert Roland
 * Ruth Roman
 * Herbert Rudley
 * Roberta Shore
 * Everett Sloane
 * Arthur Space
 * Aaron Spelling
 * Jan Sterling
 * Craig Stevens
 * Karl Swenson
 * Nita Talbot
 * Gloria Talbott
 * Tom Tryon
 * Ann Tyrrell
 * Minerva Urecal
 * Herb Vigran
 * Beverly Washburn
 * Jesse White
 * Frank Wilcox
 * Cara Williams
 * Marie Windsor
 * Fay Wray
 * Keenan Wynn

Critical response
1949-1954, Seasons 1-8

Billboard praised an episode titled "The Lottery", saying that the cast "all turned in taut, exciting performances to make Lottery a real winner". Unlike most episodes of the series, this episode aired live.

In 1954, Billboard’s “3rd Annual TV Program and Talent Awards” listed it as the fourth-best filmed network drama series, ahead of the General Electric Theater; however, Billboard's list excluded "mystery" shows (which was a separate list topped by Dragnet).

One of Fireside Theatre's most notable early offerings was a 1951 condensed version of Charles Dickens's A Christmas Carol, featuring Ralph Richardson as Ebenezer Scrooge for the only time on American television. He later recreated the role on a spoken word Caedmon Records LP album, with Paul Scofield as narrator. It has since been released on CD.

The Doubleday Book Club also ran a playscripts club called The Fireside Theatre.

1955-1958, Seasons 8-10

Ratings
Fireside Theatre became a hit for NBC, always in the Top 30 shows at the end of each TV season, until the 1956–1957 season, when its viewership began to decline. After this, it never returned to the Top 30.

Seasonal rankings (based on average total viewers per episode) of Fireside Theatre on NBC. (Note: In the United States, each network television season starts in September and ends in late May, which coincides with the completion of May sweeps.)

1955-1958, Seasons 8-10

In the first year of Wyman's three-year deal to produce and host the 8th, 9th and 10th seasons of, what would ultimately become, The Jane Wyman Show, her series' lead-in, the new color incarnation of Texaco Star Theatre, continued to decline in the ratings for the 1955-56 season falling behind The Phil Silvers Show on CBS in its timeslot and dropping out of the top 30. It was cancelled in 1956 after eight seasons. By contrast the Wyman-hosted Fireside Theatre added an average half a million viewers per episode(the largest audience in the series history) and finished in the top 25 as the #1 show in its timeslot. Wyman's most direct competitor for the coveted female demographic The Loretta Young Show, also sponsored by P&G on NBC, didn't crack the top 30 shows for the 1955-56 season (it had been #27 in the season prior).

title: Fireside Theatre


text:
DeSoto Independent School District

DeSoto Independent School District is a school district based in DeSoto, Texas (USA). The district covers most of DeSoto, the Dallas County portion of Glenn Heights, and a section of Ovilla in Dallas County, as well as a small portion of Cedar Hill.

In 2009, the school district was rated "academically acceptable" by the Texas Education Agency.

Dr. Usamah Rodgers was chosen to lead the district as superintendent in May 2022.

History
In 2005 Alton Frailey, superintendent of the district, said that the affluence within some students in the district lead to apathy regarding school performance. Frailey said that many African American parents from the previous generation had tried very hard to improve their socioeconomic status, but some of their children may believe that they will easily attain what they wish in life, or believe that education is not a priority. With a current enrollment just over 8700 students, DeSoto ISD is a small, suburban district 15 miles south of Dallas in north Texas. The 23-square-mile district serves students in DeSoto, Glenn Heights, and Ovilla with 12 campuses and 1051 total of staff and employees.

In 2016, DeSoto ISD reported that 80% of its high school students where of Black or African-American descent, making it a predominantly black school for the first time ever.

In the 2018-19 school year, DeSoto ISD addressed several community concerns in a public release document. According to the issue, DHS struggled with low morale and retention rates amongst educators. This was listed as a root cause of low student performance. Low teacher morale was assumed to be caused by the fact that the school had 3 principals in last 4 years in 2018.

In 2021 DeSoto ISD implemented a mask mandate during the COVID-19 pandemic in Texas and kept it in place even when the Texas Supreme Court upheld Governor of Texas Greg Abbott's ban on mask mandates.

Schools

 * High Schools (Grades 9-12)
 * DeSoto High School and DeSoto High School-Freshman Campus (DeSoto)

 * Middle Schools (Grades 6-8)
 * DeSoto West Middle School (DeSoto)
 * Curtistine S. McCowan Middle School (Glenn Heights)

Other Schools
 * Elementary Schools (Grades K-5)
 * Cockrell Hill Elementary School (DeSoto)
 * Frank D. Moates Elementary School (Glenn Heights)
 * Katherine Johnson Technology Magnet Academy (DeSoto)
 * Ruby Young Elementary School (DeSoto)
 * The Meadows Elementary School (DeSoto)
 * Woodridge Elementary School (DeSoto)

 * Amber Terrace Discovery and Design Early Childhood Academy (PreK)
 * DeSoto Alternative Education Program

Student Demographics
DeSoto ISD student demographic figures as of the 2005-2006 school year:

Enrollment

 * High School (3100)
 * DeSoto High
 * Junior High Schools (1,464)
 * DeSoto East (637)
 * DeSoto West (827)
 * Intermediate Schools (1,249)
 * Amber Terrace (674)
 * The Meadows (575)
 * Elementary Schools (3,032)
 * Cockrell Hill (655)
 * Frank D. Moates (707)
 * Northside (473)
 * Ruby Young (523)
 * Woodridge (674)
 * Other (23)
 * PASS Learning Center (23)

Ethnicity and economic status
In 1997 over half of the DeSoto ISD students were non-Hispanic white. From that year until 2016 the number of non-Hispanic white students declined by 91% to 2016, when 3% of the students were non-Hispanic white. Eric Nicholson of the Dallas Observer wrote that because of the "relatively small" sizes of southern Dallas County school districts, the demographic changes were relatively more severe compared to districts in other parts of the county.

From 1997 to 2016 the number of students on free or reduced lunches, a way of designating someone as low income, increased by 400%.

Eric Nicholson of the Dallas Observer wrote that because of the "relatively small" sizes of southern Dallas County school districts, the demographic changes were relatively more severe compared to districts in other parts of the county.

School uniforms
In the 2005-2006 school year, DeSoto ISD began a mandatory school uniform policy at all of its schools.

In 2018, uniforms were discontinued district-wide.

title: DeSoto Independent School District


text:
Juniper Cove

Juniper Cove is a cove in the Salem Channel, within the city limits of Salem, Massachusetts, USA. The Salem Neck coast that borders Juniper Cove is mostly residential areas.

title: Juniper Cove


text: User:I dream of сhееsе

title: User:I dream of сhееsе


text:
Formula of Concord

Formula of Concord (1577) (German, Konkordienformel; Latin, Formula concordiae; also the "Bergic Book" or the "Bergen Book") is an authoritative Lutheran statement of faith (called a confession, creed, or "symbol") that, in its two parts (Epitome and Solid Declaration), makes up the final section of the Lutheran Corpus Doctrinae or Body of Doctrine, known as the Book of Concord (most references to these texts are to the original edition of 1580).

The Epitome is a brief and concise presentation of the Formula's twelve articles; the Solid Declaration a detailed exposition. Approved doctrine is presented in "theses"; rejected doctrine in "antitheses." As the original document was written in German, a Latin translation was prepared for the Latin edition of the Book of Concord published in 1584.

Significance and composition
The promulgation and subscription of this document was a major factor in the unification and preservation of Lutheranism. It was instigated at the behest of the Elector August of Saxony, and it was the joint work of a group of Lutheran theologians and churchmen of the latter sixteenth century. They met from April 9 to June 7, 1576 in Torgau, the seat of government of the Electorate of Saxony at the time.

They were Jakob Andreä (1528–90), Martin Chemnitz (1522–86), Nikolaus Selnecker (1528–92), David Chytraeus (1531–1600), Andreas Musculus (1514–81), Christoph Körner (1518–94), Caspar Heyderich (1517–86), Paul Crell (1532–79), Maximilian Mörlin (1516–84), Wolfgang Harder (1522–1602), Daniel Gräser (1504–91), Nicholas Jagenteufel (1520–83), Johannes Cornicaelius, John Schütz (1531–84), Martin Mirus (1532–93), Georg Listenius (1532–96), and Peter Glaser (1528–83).

A smaller set of this group (Andreä, Chemnitz, Selnecker, Chytraeus, Musculus, and Körner) worked on the document a year later in Bergen Abbey, near Magdeburg, both from March 1–14, and in May, 1577. The most important formulators of the Formula of Concord were Jakob Andreä and Martin Chemnitz.

Having before them two earlier documents (the Swabian-Saxon Concord, drafted by Andreä in 1574 and the so-called Maulbron Formula of 1576) the first group of theologians produced the Torgau Book. Andreä condensed this into what would become known as the Epitome, the first part of the Formula of Concord. Its title as found in the 1576 first printing ran as follows: [A] Brief Summary of the articles which, controverted among the theologians of the Augsburg Confession for many years, were settled in a Christian manner at Torgau in the month of June, 1576, by the theologians which there met and subscribed.

Over the eleven months following the publication of the Torgau Book, suggested emendations were sent to Andreä and Chemnitz, and further revision was deemed necessary, so the second group (Andreä, Chemnitz, Selnecker, Chytraeus, Musculus, and Körner) revised the Torgau Book into its final form, known as the Bergic Book or the Solid Declaration of the Formula of Concord. (Depending on the translation, the Solid Declaration is also known as the Thorough Declaration of the Formula of Concord.) It was presented to Elector August of Saxony on May 28, 1577.

Subsequently, it was signed (subscribed to) by three electors of the Holy Roman Empire, twenty dukes and princes, twenty-four counts, four barons, thirty-five free imperial cities, and over 8,000 pastors. These constituted two-thirds of the Lutheran Church in Germany at the time. Every clergyman in the Electorate of Saxony had to either subscribe or write his objections with respect to the Formula of Concord. A rhyme was circulated [at the time]: "Write, dear Sir, write, that you might remain at the parish" (schreibt, lieber Herre, schreibt, dass Ihr bei der Pfarre bleibt).

The Formula of Concord was not accepted by Lutherans in Hesse, Zweibrücken, Anhalt, Pommerania, Holstein, Denmark-Norway, Sweden, Nuremberg, Strassburg, and Magdeburg, and the government of Queen Elizabeth I of England lobbied in its German embassies to prevent acceptance of it among the German estates.

Articles of the Formula of Concord

 * I. Original Sin
 * II. Free Will
 * III. The Righteousness of Faith before God
 * IV. Good Works
 * V. Law and Gospel
 * VI. The Third Use of the Law
 * VII. The Holy Supper of Christ
 * VIII. The Person of Christ
 * IX. Christ's Descent into Hell
 * X. Church Ceremonies (Adiaphora, or Indifferent Things)
 * XI. The Eternal Foreknowledge and Election of God
 * XII. Other heresies and sects

title: Formula of Concord


text:
Greasy Neale

Alfred Earle "Greasy" Neale (November 5, 1891 – November 2, 1973) was an American football and baseball player and coach.

Early life and playing career
Neale was born on November 5, 1891, in Parkersburg, West Virginia. Although writers eventually assumed that Neale got his nickname, "Greasy", from his elusiveness on the football field, it actually arose during his youth, from a name-calling joust with a friend.

Baseball career
Neale played Major League Baseball as an outfielder with the Cincinnati Reds between 1916 and 1924 and briefly with the Philadelphia Phillies for part of the 1921 season. Neale was the starting right fielder for the championship-winning 1919 Reds. He batted .357 in the 1919 World Series and led the Reds with ten hits in their eight-game series win over the scandalous White Sox.

Neale spent all but 22 games of his baseball career with the Reds. He had a career batting average of .259 with 8 home runs, 200 RBI, and 139 stolen bases, and finished in the top ten in stolen bases in the National League four times. When football season came around, often he would leave baseball and fulfill his football duties (albeit playing about 90% of a baseball season most years, with the exception of 1919 when he played the entire season, including the World Series).

Football career
Neale also played professional football in the Ohio League with the Canton Bulldogs in 1917, the Dayton Triangles in 1918, and the Massillon Tigers in 1919. He starred as an end on Jim Thorpe's pre-World War I Canton Bulldogs as well as the Dayton Triangles in 1918 and Massillon Tigers in 1919. He coached the Triangles in 1918.

Coaching in college
Neale began his coaching career while still a professional player. He served as the head football coach at Muskingum College (1915), West Virginia Wesleyan College (1916–1917), Marietta College (1919–1920), Washington & Jefferson College (1921–1922), the University of Virginia (1923–1928), and West Virginia University (1931–1933), compiling a career college football record of 82–54–11. He coached basketball for two seasons at Marietta (1919–1921) as well, amassing a record of 26–11. He also served as an assistant football coach with Yale Bulldogs football for seven seasons (1934–1940).

At Washington & Jefferson, he led his 1921 squad to the Rose Bowl, where the Presidents played the California Golden Bears to a scoreless tie. At Virginia, Neale was also the head baseball coach from 1923 to 1929, tallying a mark of 80–73–2.

Independent football
Neale later coached the independent professional Ironton Tanks. He and Tanks quarterback Glenn Presnell claimed victories against the NFL's second-place New York Giants and third-place Chicago Bears in 1930, however the team folded in 1931.

Coaching in the pros
Neale moved to the National Football League (NFL), to serve as the head coach of the Philadelphia Eagles from 1941 to 1950. From 1944 through 1949, Neale's Eagles finished second three times and in first place three times. The Eagles won the NFL Championship in 1948 and again in 1949, and became the first team to win back-to-back titles since the 1940 and 1941 Chicago Bears by shutting out their opponents, beating the Chicago Cardinals 7–0 in the snow ridden 1948 NFL Championship Game and the Los Angeles Rams 14–0 in the 1949 NFL Championship Game in a driving rain storm. It was the last championship for the Eagles until 1960. His offense was led by the passing of quarterback Tommy Thompson, the pass catching of future Hall of Fame end Pete Pihos, and the running of another Hall of Famer, Steve Van Buren. He tallied a mark of 66–44–5 including playoff games in his ten seasons with the club. Neale was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1967 and the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1969. Both inductions recognized his coaching career.

Neale died in Lake Worth Beach, Florida, at the age of 81 and was later interred in Parkersburg Memorial Gardens in West Virginia.

title: Greasy Neale


text: User:I dreаm оf сhееsе

title: User:I dreаm оf сhееsе


text:
Julie of the Wolves

Julie of the Wolves is a children's novel by Jean Craighead George, published by Harper in 1972 with illustrations by John Schoenherr. Set on the Alaska North Slope, it features a young Inuk girl experiencing the changes forced upon her culture from outside. George wrote two sequels that were originally illustrated by Wendell Minor: Julie (1994), which starts 10 minutes after the first book ends, and Julie's Wolf Pack (1997), which is told from the viewpoint of the wolves.

Background
In 1971, Jean Craighead George and her son Luke went on a trip to Barrow, Alaska, to do research on wolves for an article for Reader's Digest. As they flew into the Barrow airport, she and her son spotted a young Inuk girl on the tundra, whom her son said "looked awfully little to be out there by herself".

At the Barrow Arctic Research Lab, George observed scientists who were studying wolves and attempting to break their communication code. She allegedly witnessed a man bite the wolf on the top of its nose and communicate with it in soft whimpers, and "the incident stayed with George". George herself successfully communicated with a female wolf. Upon remembering the Inuk girl walking by herself on the tundra that she and her son Luke saw on their way to Barrow, she decided to write a book about a young girl surviving on her own in the tundra by communicating with wolves. The character of Miyax/Julie is based on an Inuk woman named Julia Sebevan, who taught George "about the old ways of the Inuits [sic]".

In the process of writing the novel, George went through three drafts, and used numerous titles including "The Voice of the Wolf"; "Wolf! Wolf?"; "Wolf Girl"; "The Cry of the Wolf"; and "Wolf Song".

Readers and students communicated to George their desire to read more about Julie "several years ago", but George felt that she "did not know enough about the Eskimo culture". It was only after her son, Craig, moved to Alaska that George "felt ready" to write the sequel Julie. Julie's Wolf Pack was written only after George had learned more about the relationships of wolves in a pack.

The story has three parts: first her present situation (Amaroq, the Wolf), then a flashback (Miyax, the Girl), and finally a return to the present (Kapugen, the Hunter).

Plot summary
Julie/Miyax (My-yax) is an Inuk girl torn between modern Alaska and the old Inuit tradition. After her mother's death, she is raised by her father Kapugen (Kah-Pue-Jen). In his care, Miyax becomes an intelligent and observant girl at one with the Arctic tundra. Miyax goes to live with her great aunt Martha, a distant and cold woman, after her father goes out on a seal hunt and does not return. Search parties find four pieces of his boat washed ashore, but there is no sign of him. He is presumed dead.

As an orphan, Miyax is never more than an unwanted guest in Martha's house. So at the age of 13, she accepts a marriage to a boy named Daniel as it will allow her to leave her aunt’s house. However, she soon realizes that life with Daniel is no better if not worse than her life with Martha. Daniel has an unspecified type of intellectual disability. After being mercilessly teased by other young people about it, he becomes abusive towards Miyax and sexually assaults her. Caught in an unbearable situation, she runs away in the hope of being able to stay with her pen-pal in San Francisco, California.

Miyax realizes she has no way of reaching her friend and finds herself lost in the Arctic wild with only her own strength and knowledge between her and death. She happens upon a wolf pack and is able to coexist with them. She learns to communicate with the wolves to receive food and water and over time, they become like family. When she finds a way to return to her old Inuit way of life, she is torn between the choice of staying with the wolves or going back to her home.

Reception
The book was awarded the Newbery Medal in 1973, and was a nominee under the Children's Books category in the 1973 National Book Awards. Mary Ellen Halvorson describes the book as "uniquely sensitive" and "wonderfully educational" in a review for The Prescott Courier. The book also won the 1975 German Youth Literature Award. In a retrospective essay about the Newbery Medal-winning books from 1966 to 1975, children's author John Rowe Townsend wrote, "The details of the girl's relationship with the wolves are totally absorbing, but as a story the book seems to me to be slightly deficient."

The inclusion of Julie of the Wolves in elementary school reading lists has been challenged several times due to parental concerns regarding the attempted rape of the main character. One of these incidents occurred in March 1996, when the book was removed from the sixth grade reading list in Pulaski Township, Pennsylvania, at the behest of parents who "complained of a graphic marital rape scene in the book". It is number 32 on the American Library Association list of the 100 Most Frequently Challenged Books of 1990–1999.

In 2004, Martha Stackhouse, an Iñupiat teacher, reviewed the book. Stackhouse points out the many inaccuracies in the book's portrayal of Iñupiat life, culture and language. She also criticizes the author's harmful emphasis on exemplifying thin body types among girls. Her review was published on the Alaska Native Knowledge Network and subsequently republished by Debbie Reese's American Indians in Children's Literature with the title "Not Recommended".

Publication history

 * 1972, USA, Harper and Row, ISBN 0-06-021943-2, Pub date 1972, Hardcover
 * 1974, USA, HarperCollins, ISBN 0-06-440058-1, Pub date February 10, 1974, Paperback
 * 1985, USA, HarperTrophy ISBN 0-06-021943-2, Pub date 1985, Paperback
 * 1977, Canada, Fitzhenry & Whiteside, 0-88-902374-3, Pub date 1977, Paperback
 * 1997, USA, HarperTrophy ISBN 0-06-440058-1, Pub date June 6, 1997, Paperback
 * 2003, USA, HarperTeen ISBN 0-06-054095-8, Pub date September 16, 2003, Paperback

Since its first publication, Julie of the Wolves has also been published in at least thirteen other languages, including Spanish, French, Arabic, Turkish, Chinese, and Japanese.

Film, TV or theatrical adaptations
Julie of the Wolves has been adapted into a musical play, directed by Peter Dalto and written by Barbara Dana, with music by Chris Kubie and choreography by Fay Simpson. The musical stars Briana Sakamoto as Julie, and a workshop production was held on May 16, 2004, at The Northern Westchester Center for the Arts' Kaufman Theater. As of November 2005, Kubie notes on his website that "the journey of Julie Of The Wolves (the musical) continues as the writer Barbara Dana, prepares yet another rewrite."

Jean Craighead George announced in November 2007 that the book is being adapted into a film by Robert and Andy Young Productions Inc. Andy Young traveled to Nunavut in 2008 with the intention of finding a young Inuk or Inupiat to play the role of Julie, but stated in April 2008 that he was in discussion with a non-Inuk to play the role because they "didn't find the person that we felt was going to breathe the right kind of feeling into the story", and because they had resistance from would-be investors to using a first-time actress for the film. Young had also intended to shoot the film in Nunavut, but is considering shooting in Alaska because of the lack of roads joining Nunavut to Southern Canada as well as the area's "limited financial incentives for filmmakers from outside the territory".

title: Julie of the Wolves


text:
User talk:Bimmer202

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. --Golbez 21:34, August 26, 2005 (UTC)

This message is regarding the page Bill Clinton. Please stop. If you continue to vandalize pages, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia. ≈ jossi fresco ≈ t • @ 04:55, 5 December 2005 (UTC)

You have been blocked for 24 hours. If, when you return, you continue your repeated vandalism, you will be permanently blocked from editing. User:Zoe|(talk) 04:57, 5 December 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Bimmer202


text:
Williams Lake Indian Reserve No. 1

Williams Lake Indian Reserve, also called the Williams Lake First Nation or the Williams Lake Band Reservation and commonly referred to locally as the Sugarcane Reserve, aka Sugarcane or The Cane or SCB, is an Indian reserve in British Columbia, Canada, located at the east end of Williams Lake and 12 km (~7 miles) east of the city of the same name, on the right bank of the San Jose River. and is home to the Williams Lake Indian Band. The band is part of the Northern Shuswap Tribal Council, also known as the Cariboo Tribal Council, which is one of two tribal councils of the Secwepemc peoples.

The Williams Lake Band has eight reserve landsites in British Columbia. The total area of Williams Lake Indian Band reserve land is 1,927.3, with the Williams Lake Reserve the largest at 1645.30 ha. The other reserve lands of the Williams Lake Band are:
 * Asahal Lake Indian Reserve No. 2, at the head of Azahal Creek, 3 miles north of the east end of Williams Lake, 48.60 ha.
 * Carpenter Mountain Indian Reserve No. 15, on the Old Cariboo Road, near the 156 Mile Post west of Cariboo Hill Lake, 68.30 ha.
 * Chimney Creek Indian Reserve No. 5, on the left bank of the Fraser River at the mouth of Chimney Creek, 22.70 ha.
 * Five Mile Indian Reserve No. 3, on Five Mile Creek 3.5 miles north of the mouth of the San Jose River, four miles north of 150 Mile House. 73.00 ha.
 * James Louie Indian Reserve No. 3A, on Five Mile Creek, 4 miles north of 150 Mile House east of an adjoining Five Mile IR No. 3, 64.00 ha.
 * San Jose Indian Reserve No. 6, on the west end of Williams Lake (the lake), north of its outlet, 2.60 ha.
 * Tillion Indian Reserve No. 4, on the left bank of the Fraser River, at the mouth of Williams Lake River, 2.40 ha.

title: Williams Lake Indian Reserve No. 1


text:
Sunil Kumar Desai

Sunil Kumar Desai is an Indian film director, writer and producer, known for his work in Kannada cinema. In most of his films, Desai blends art and commercial cinema. He has written and directed Thrillers and Romance films. He has won the Karnataka State Film Awards (4 times) in the Best Screenplay & Best Dialogues categories. He has also won the Filmfare awards 4 times. Desai worked with South Indian musicians like Illayaraja, Hamsalekha and Gunasingh.

Early life
Desai was born in 1955 in Bijapur, Karnataka. He had his primary education in Bijapur and higher education in Pune. He started his film-career as an assistant to Kashinath, and later Suresh Heblikar.

Career
Desai made film debut as a director with Tarka in 1989. He subsequent films Nishkarsha, Beladingala Baale and Nammoora Mandara Hoove earned him a reputation as the most innovative and influential directors of the 1990s. After three years of absence, Desai had announced that he have four films up his sleeve one of which is due at the end of 2019.

title: Sunil Kumar Desai


text:
Stress intensity factor

In fracture mechanics, the stress intensity factor ($K$) is used to predict the stress state ("stress intensity") near the tip of a crack or notch caused by a remote load or residual stresses. It is a theoretical construct usually applied to a homogeneous, linear elastic material and is useful for providing a failure criterion for brittle materials, and is a critical technique in the discipline of damage tolerance. The concept can also be applied to materials that exhibit small-scale yielding at a crack tip.

The magnitude of $K$ depends on specimen geometry, the size and location of the crack or notch, and the magnitude and the distribution of loads on the material. It can be written as:

 * $$K = \sigma \sqrt{\pi a} \, f(a/W)$$

where $$f(a/W)$$ is a specimen geometry dependent function of the crack length, $a$, and the specimen width, $W$, and $σ$ is the applied stress.

Linear elastic theory predicts that the stress distribution ($$\sigma_{ij}$$) near the crack tip, in polar coordinates ($$r,\theta$$) with origin at the crack tip, has the form

\sigma_{ij}(r, \theta) = \frac {K} {\sqrt{2 \pi r}}\,f_{ij} ( \theta) + \,\,\rm{higher\, order\, terms} $$

where $K$ is the stress intensity factor (with units of stress × length1/2) and $$f_{ij}$$ is a dimensionless quantity that varies with the load and geometry. Theoretically, as $r$ goes to 0, the stress $$\sigma_{ij}$$ goes to $$\infty$$ resulting in a stress singularity. Practically however, this relation breaks down very close to the tip (small $r$) because plasticity typically occurs at stresses exceeding the material's yield strength and the linear elastic solution is no longer applicable. Nonetheless, if the crack-tip plastic zone is small in comparison to the crack length, the asymptotic stress distribution near the crack tip is still applicable.

Stress intensity factors for various modes
In 1957, G. Irwin found that the stresses around a crack could be expressed in terms of a scaling factor called the stress intensity factor. He found that a crack subjected to any arbitrary loading could be resolved into three types of linearly independent cracking modes. These load types are categorized as Mode I, II, or III as shown in the figure. Mode I is an opening (tensile) mode where the crack surfaces move directly apart. Mode II is a sliding (in-plane shear) mode where the crack surfaces slide over one another in a direction perpendicular to the leading edge of the crack. Mode III is a tearing (antiplane shear) mode where the crack surfaces move relative to one another and parallel to the leading edge of the crack. Mode I is the most common load type encountered in engineering design.

Different subscripts are used to designate the stress intensity factor for the three different modes. The stress intensity factor for mode I is designated $$K_{\rm I}$$ and applied to the crack opening mode. The mode II stress intensity factor, $$K_{\rm II}$$, applies to the crack sliding mode and the mode III stress intensity factor, $$K_{\rm III}$$, applies to the tearing mode. These factors are formally defined as:

\begin{align} K_{\rm I} & = \lim_{r\rightarrow 0} \sqrt{2\pi r}\,\sigma_{yy}(r,0) \\ K_{\rm II} & = \lim_{r\rightarrow 0} \sqrt{2\pi r}\,\sigma_{yx}(r,0) \\ K_{\rm III} & = \lim_{r\rightarrow 0} \sqrt{2\pi r}\,\sigma_{yz}(r,0) \,. \end{align} $$

Relationship to energy release rate and J-integral
In plane stress conditions, the strain energy release rate ($$G$$) for a crack under pure mode I, or pure mode II loading is related to the stress intensity factor by:

G_{\rm I} = K_{\rm I}^2\left(\frac{1}{E}\right) $$

G_{\rm II} = K_{\rm II}^2\left(\frac{1}{E}\right) $$ where $$E$$ is the Young's modulus and $$\nu$$ is the Poisson's ratio of the material. The material is assumed to be an isotropic, homogeneous, and linear elastic. The crack has been assumed to extend along the direction of the initial crack

For plane strain conditions, the equivalent relation is a little more complicated:

G_{\rm I} = K_{\rm I}^2\left(\frac{1-\nu^2}{E}\right)\, $$

G_{\rm II} = K_{\rm II}^2\left(\frac{1-\nu^2}{E}\right)\,. $$

For pure mode III loading,

G_{\rm III} = K_{\rm III}^2\left(\frac{1}{2\mu}\right) = K_{\rm III}^2\left(\frac{1+\nu}{E}\right) $$ where $$\mu$$ is the shear modulus. For general loading in plane strain, the linear combination holds:

G = G_{\rm I} + G_{\rm II} + G_{\rm III}\,. $$ A similar relation is obtained for plane stress by adding the contributions for the three modes.

The above relations can also be used to connect the J-integral to the stress intensity factor because

G = J = \int_\Gamma \left(W~dx_2 - \mathbf{t}\cdot\cfrac{\partial\mathbf{u}}{\partial x_1}~ds\right) \,. $$

Critical stress intensity factor
The stress intensity factor, $$K$$, is a parameter that amplifies the magnitude of the applied stress that includes the geometrical parameter $$Y$$ (load type). Stress intensity in any mode situation is directly proportional to the applied load on the material. If a very sharp crack, or a V-notch can be made in a material, the minimum value of $$K_\mathrm{I}$$ can be empirically determined, which is the critical value of stress intensity required to propagate the crack. This critical value determined for mode I loading in plane strain is referred to as the critical fracture toughness ($$K_\mathrm{Ic}$$) of the material. $$K_\mathrm{Ic}$$ has units of stress times the root of a distance (e.g. MN/m3/2). The units of $$K_\mathrm{Ic}$$ imply that the fracture stress of the material must be reached over some critical distance in order for $$K_\mathrm{Ic}$$ to be reached and crack propagation to occur. The Mode I critical stress intensity factor, $$K_\mathrm{Ic}$$, is the most often used engineering design parameter in fracture mechanics and hence must be understood if we are to design fracture tolerant materials used in bridges, buildings, aircraft, or even bells.

Polishing cannot detect a crack. Typically, if a crack can be seen it is very close to the critical stress state predicted by the stress intensity factor.

G–criterion
The G-criterion is a fracture criterion that relates the critical stress intensity factor (or fracture toughness) to the stress intensity factors for the three modes. This failure criterion is written as

K_{\rm c}^2 = K_{\rm I}^2 + K_{\rm II}^2 + \frac{E'}{2\mu}\,K_{\rm III}^2 $$ where $$K_{\rm c}$$ is the fracture toughness, $$E' = E/(1-\nu^2)$$ for plane strain and $$E' = E$$ for plane stress. The critical stress intensity factor for plane stress is often written as $$K_{\rm c}$$.

Loaded crack in a plate
=== Stack of Parallel Cracks in an Infinite Plate === If the crack spacing is much greater than the crack length (h >> a), the interaction effect between neighboring cracks can be ignored, and the stress intensity factor is equal to that of a single crack of length 2a.

Then the stress intensity factor at crack tip is

$$ \begin{align} K_{\rm I} & = \sigma\sqrt{\pi a} \end{align} $$

If the crack length is much greater than the spacing (a >> h ), the cracks can be considered as a stack of semi-infinite cracks.

Then the stress intensity factor at crack tip is

$$ \begin{align} K_{\rm I} & = \sigma\sqrt{h} \end{align} $$

title: Stress intensity factor


text: User talk:84.160.131.6

title: User talk:84.160.131.6


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Esquivalience

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was NO CONSENSUS, which defaults to KEEP Paul August ☎ 04:00, September 3, 2005 (UTC)

Esquivalience
Dictionary definition.
 * And apparently a made-up one at that? Delete. Friday (talk) 21:40, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Can't this be speedied? Delete. --Blackcap | talk 21:41, August 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete, nonsense. feydey 22:06, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Amren (talk) 22:35, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment - Might be worth redirecting to Nihilartikel and adding a note there, since it is one... Shimgray 20:39, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I've added an entry on "Esquivalience" to Nihilartikel, so redirect. Shimgray 21:00, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * God, I hadn't realized that it actually existed. So that it's here for everyone to see, this is what's said on Nihilartikel:
 * "The New Oxford American Dictionary, in August 2005, gained media coverage when it was leaked that the second edition contained at least one fictional entry. This was later determined to be the word "esquivalience", defined as the willful avoidance of one’s official responsibilities, which had originally been added in the first, 2001, edition. It was intended as a copyright trap, as the text of the book was distributed electronically and thus very easy to copy."
 * I've checked using Google, and it seemed to come up with the same thing. I am now changing my vote to Redirect to Nihilartikel. --Blackcap | talk 21:25, August 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, it doesn't exist, but it does, if you see what I mean. It's been in the news recently, which is why (presumably) someone put the page here... I'd actually been going to add a mention of it to the Nihilartikel page earlier but forgot until I saw this VFD. Shimgray 21:36, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Right. --Blackcap | talk 22:06, August 27, 2005 (UTC)

 * Move to Wiktionary. *drew 02:03, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

''Merged from Pages for deletion/Esquivalience. Note the nominator is the same in both cases. Somebody PLEASE fix the templates. -Splash 06:21, 28 August 2005 (UTC)'' I made this page 2 days ago and it had 2 delete votes on it, it appears to have been deleted itself. The rationale was dicdef, neologism. I see someone has substantially expanded the article since then but I still vote to delete.

This is a relevant entry and deserves to stay. Not only is it interesting trivia but I thin'k it is important information regarding proprietary encyclopedias and their practices. I think the article is worthy of staying at its present state, but certainly needs more expansion. Wesman83 03:59, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Actually, I think it would be best just to make an "other cases" section on the Nihilarikel article and add in both examples from the Esq. article. I'm changing my vote to Redirect to Nihilartikel Wesman83 12:43, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep per Google.  Paul Klenk 04:09, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Interesting and notable.  Thatdog 04:19, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep -- encyclopedic, notable, interesting... --Mysidia (talk) 04:18, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep as interesting, wellwritten article. I wonder what Wkipedia's equivalent is :>)Capitalistroadster 04:44, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * It's a Nihilartikel. We have a page full of examples; Wikipedia's had at least two known cases added by users, those being San Serriffe and Uqbar. Both are now corrected. There's also a lot of cases of people adding fictional articles deliberately as "tests", which is strongly discouraged; keep an eye on VfD and you see a few. Shimgray 14:00, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - it's an interesting topic Actually, Redirect to Nihilartikel Halo 10:47, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
File:Supremes-tempts-together.jpg

Together (Supremes and Temptations album)

Rationale of fair use for Together (Supremes and Temptations album)

 * 1) The image is of lower resolution and quality than the original (copies made from it will be of inferior quality).
 * 2) No free equivalent is available or could be created that would adequately give the same information.
 * 3) The image does not limit the copyright owners' rights to distribute the album or CDs in any way.
 * 4) The image's inclusion in the article is important because it is the subject of and/or is discussed in the text.
 * 5) The image is being used for informational purposes only.
 * 6) The material has previously been published in numerous sources, with higher resolution images available elsewhere.

title: File:Supremes-tempts-together.jpg


text: User talk:166.102.104.93

title: User talk:166.102.104.93


text:
Fleetwood Mac (disambiguation)

Fleetwood Mac is a British-American rock band.

Fleetwood Mac may also refer to:
 * Fleetwood Mac (1968 album), also known as Peter Green's Fleetwood Mac, or the "Dog & Dustbin" album (from the album cover picture)
 * Fleetwood Mac (1975 album), also known as the White Album

title: Fleetwood Mac (disambiguation)


text:
DNA bank

DNA banking is the secure, long-term storage of an individual's genetic material. DNA is most commonly extracted from blood, but can also be obtained from saliva and other tissues. DNA banks allow for conservation of genetic material and comparative analysis of an individual's genetic information. Analyzing an individual's DNA can allow scientists to predict genetic disorders, as used in preventive genetics or gene therapy, and prove that person's identity, as used in the criminal justice system. There are multiple methods for testing and analyzing genetic information including restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and polymerase chain reactions (PCR).

Uses
DNA banking is used to conserve genetic material, especially that of organisms that face extinction. This is a more prominent issue today due to deforestation and climate change, which serve as a threat to biodiversity. The genetic information can be stored within lambda phage and plasma vectors. The National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS) DNA Bank, for example, collects the DNA of agricultural organisms, such as rice and fish, for scientific research. Most DNA provided by DNA banks is used for studies to attempt to develop more productive or more environmentally friendly agricultural species. Some DNA banks also store the DNA of rare or endangered species to ensure their survival.

The DNA bank can be used to compare and analyze DNA samples. Comparison of DNA samples allowed scientists to work on the Human Genome Project, which maps out many of the genes on human DNA. It has also led to the development of preventive genetics. Samples from the DNA bank have been used to identify patterns and determine which genes lead to specific disorders. Once people know which genes lead to disorders, people can take steps to lessen the effects of that disorder. This can occur through adjustments in lifestyle, as demonstrated in preventive healthcare, or even through gene therapy. DNA can be banked at any time during a person's life.

DNA banks were introduced to the criminal justice system in the 1980s. This system makes it possible to rule out or confirm the verdict of a suspect based on their personal genetic code. Once an individual's DNA is stored, it remains in the system permanently; allowing law enforcement to identify and track criminals more easily. There is some controversy about this topic as some individuals believe the storage of citizen's DNA is an invasion of privacy.

DNA banking capsules are also starting to be used for retaining the DNA of the deceased, a service offered by some funeral homes.

Processes
Scientists are capable of retrieving genetic information from hair, skin, blood, sperm, tissue, and saliva as long as the sample contains intact DNA. Nucleotide sequences between humans differ by only 0.1%. Even so, this 0.1% includes approximately three million bases. DNA can be analyzed through restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and Polymerase chain reactions (PCR). The RFLP process was introduced in 1988. Restriction enzymes digest portions of the DNA, leaving short fragments. These fragments are sorted through gel electrophoresis. The gel demonstrates the length of the fragments allowing specialists to determine whether the fragments came from the same person. PCR is more commonly used today because it more efficient and requires smaller samples of genetic samples.

Organizations
There are various organizations founded for the purpose of storing and analyzing DNA sample. For example; The UK Biobank contains DNA samples of 500,000 individuals aged between 40 and 69 when their samples were taken in the years 2006-2010. The Human DNA Bank India at Lucknow city, the Asia's first Human DNA Bank takes the DNA of common public, stores it for 50 years, takes their biometrics as well and provide them a UID DNA card. This system is an absolute mean of identity and is very helpful for the concerned associations in many conditions like identification at any mass gathering, identification at any massive calamity, identification at terrorist attacks, identification of any individual even if they are hiding their real identity. The director Dr. Saeed Ahmad has established Asia's first human DNA bank   in India and has been well known throughout the world for his work on DNA. Under IQRA Biotech Services this human DNA bank which is in public-privet-partnership with Biotech Park, Lucknow under the Department of Biotechnology and the Ministry of Science and Technology. IQRA Biotech Services has also established a cord blood and stem cell bank that stores the stem cells of their clients and in future it is possible that these stem cells may be used for genetic treatments of diseases like spinal cord injuries, neuralgic palsy, leukemia, Parkinson's disease, anemia, SCIA, and cancer.

title: DNA bank


text:
User:Uncle G's 'bot/VFD/Log/2005 August 26

Guide to Votes for Deletion

[ ]

2005-08-26
Guide to Votes for Deletion

[ ]


text:
Talk:Ignite (band)

Cleanup issues
This article needs more info, but the band appears notable. allmusic has an article on them. Friday (talk) 21:37, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

Cleanup tasks completed
Still in need of attention as regards expanding, so have left cleanup tag on. Bubba hotep 08:27, 28 October 2006 (UTC)
 * rearranged main body
 * cleaned up some of the more obvious style faults
 * added sections
 * rm red links
 * ext links point directly to band pages
 * added tags to statements that need sources - they may well be on the linked websites, if so - remove!

 * Not sure the need for expansion is the same thing as the need for cleanup, so I deleted the cleanup tag (and also cleaned up some more). AdRock (talk) 17:32, 2 October 2008 (UTC)

Complete
Please complete this article about ignite band.Electro-music 23.4.2008. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Electro - music (talk • contribs) 22:35, 22 April 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Ignite (band)


text: User talk:128.205.191.55

title: User talk:128.205.191.55


text:
Salem Neck (Massachusetts)

Salem Neck is a peninsula in northeastern Salem, Massachusetts, in the United States. It stretches from Salem's powerplant on Salem Harbor to Juniper Point on Salem Neck. The peninsula is populated primarily by residential and recreational areas. Winter Island is an island connected to its mid-western coast by a causeway.

title: Salem Neck (Massachusetts)


text:
User talk:Superguy9

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, you can post to the help desk or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! Sam Vimes 21:39, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
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title: User talk:Superguy9