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Talk:Cricket/Archive 6

Why is the sport here and not the insect?
Says it all...Kurt Weber 02:40, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The sport is a subject of interest to around a billion people all around the world. We have a lively community of Wikipedians contributing articles and information on it. There are a few hundred articles on various aspects of the sport. Cricket, the insect, has a handful of articles on a few species, totalling a few hundred words. And it's linked from the top of the page so people can find it. The sport is overwhelmingly more popular with contributors and readers of Wikipedia than the insect. There is no real argument for having it the way around that you suggest. -dmmaus 03:52, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

My reading of Disambiguation suggests that the standard page for cricket should be the disambiguation page, and not the Cricket (sport), because there is not a consensus on the primary meaning of the word. Has there been a vote deciding this issue? Nereocystis 21:44, 29 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, after trawling through the talk archives, I can find no question about the insect up until now - and the article has been around since February 2002. I'd say that is consensus, though if people want a vote, I'm sure one can be arranged - I'm not sure if it is needed, though Sam Vimes 21:50, 29 July 2005 (UTC)

No, a vote really isn't needed. It would almost automatic for a disambiguation page. Nereocystis 21:56, 29 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Is that to say "I'm about to make this a disambig"? Or is it to say "I think a vote would make this a disambig"?  Knowing the animosity towards cricket by some users, you may have a chance... I doubt, however, that there would be consensus support for such a change.  Why do you want the change to be made?  [[smoddy ]] 22:22, 29 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Sorry about that, that was poor wording. I wouldn't want to make a change of this import without consulting others.  I did put a comment up in Requests_for_comment asking for further input.  I do not have a hatred of cricket, but it isn't obvious, particularly to those living in an area where the sport is uncommon, that the sport is the one primary meaning of the word cricket, while the insect is a mere second thought. Nereocystis 22:32, 29 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Wikipedia is not regionalised. There are over a billion fans of the sport in the world.  You will forgive my saying so, but the three users to have commented so far are American, Norwegian and Portuguese.  I am not refuting their positions, but merely noting that they have an inherent bias against the sport's significance (apologies, Sam), as it is not popular at all in any of those countries (equally, I note that I am biased towards the sport).  I have a feeling that a very large number of Wikipedia's editors who hail from cricket-playing countries will not support this change.  I fail to see why it is needed.  There is even a link at the top of the page now, to the insect, so Sam's point is equally valid there.  I fail to see the point of the move.  [[smoddy ]] 22:45, 29 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Exactly, since Wikipedia is not regionalized, a page for the sport is not what many US residents. Of course, the sport is significant, but whenever there is not one primary meaning of a word, the disambiguation page should be used. I would expect Cricket (sport) to be at or near the top of a disambiguation page, as it is currently. Nereocystis 22:56, 29 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Currently there is a link to the insect page at the very top of the page. This means that:
 * Visitors to the sport page have one fewer clicks to get where they want than with a disambig
 * Visitors to the insect page have the same number of clicks to get where they want as with a disambig
 * What advantages does the change then make?  [[smoddy ]] 23:03, 29 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I agree with Nereocystis reading of Wikipedia:Disambiguation. It looks unclear to me if someone looking for Cricket would be interested in Cricket (sport) or Cricket (insect), so Cricket should be a disambiguation page. Nabla 22:31, 29 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I suppose the editors of cricket pages are a bit frustrated with recent VfDs and things annoying them. No matter - actually I think it's a fair point, even though it's not been brought up in the past three years, and it probably doesn't hurt anyone to use one extra click to get where they want. As long as cricket (sport) is on top of the dab page :) Sam Vimes 22:39, 29 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I wouldn't object to a disambig page, but I don't see the need for it tbph. I'm from England, and to me (and I suspect to most others from cricketing nations) the sport is what I first think of. Thryduulf 23:06, 29 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, go ahead and have a vote if it will make some people happy. Frankly, however, I think this is petty and merely being done to antagonise those who have worked so hard on all the cricket material in Wikipedia. Cricket has the second largest following of any sport in the world. If there was an insect called a "baseball" that had 5 articles on variant species totalling maybe 500 words, would people be clamouring to make Baseball a disambiguation page pointing to Baseball (sport) and Baseball (insect), rather than simply the main article on the sport that it is now? I don't think so. And baseball doesn't have anywhere near the following that cricket has. -dmmaus 23:11, 29 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Whoa, not so fast! Polls are evil.  Let's try discussion first.  I would agree, however, that this does feel like an attempt to work up the cricketing Wikipedians even further.  I doubt it actually is, but it does feel like it.  We have to ask, why would the majority of people end up at cricket?  The answer is almost certainly a sport-related link.  This is yet another solution desperately searching for its matching problem.   [[smoddy ]] 23:17, 29 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Another data point: The sport has interlanguage Wikipedia links to articles in 41 other languages. The insect has 4 other languages. -dmmaus 23:54, 29 July 2005 (UTC)

 * When the term Cricket is used, it is generally refers to the sport. I think its more logical that the insect should be termed as crickets; the term is redirected to cricket (insect) when searched here. Crickets are a subfamily of Gryllidae and usage of the term cricket are all in plural. The actual matter on crickets are fragmented in pages on Jerusalem crickets, Ground crickets etc. This should settle the debate. I've put up a line on the article page. =Nichalp «Talk»=  08:22, July 30, 2005 (UTC)

 * I think would not be a good solution as explained at Naming conventions (plurals). Nabla 22:55, 30 July 2005 (UTC)
 * True, but this is a major exception. Crickets almost entirely refers to the insect; it never refers to the sport. And similar to the Bernoulli numbers where the singular is rarely used, the insects too are almost always referred to in the plural sense. =Nichalp «Talk»=  07:26, July 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree with the argument that the sport has a better claim than the insect to the main entry, but I have to agree with Nabla on this one: if I were looking for the insect, I would use the singular form. After all, we don't have "Beetles" or "Flies" or "Ants". Loganberry (Talk) 14:32, 31 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree. That is why I originally put a link to Cricket (insect), as with almost all such disambiguation messages.   [[smoddy ]] 14:51, 31 July 2005 (UTC)

I see over 2150 links to Cricket and less than 100 links to Cricket (insect). I glanced through those 2150 links and found only 7 that obviously did not refer to the sport (and I corrected those links). It seems clear that the sport is the more often linked and I believe the sport should be left here, however, if we made Cricket the dab page, it would be a lot easier to spot the incorrect wikilinks. Double Blue (Talk) 23:00, 5 August 2005 (UTC)

I am English and I live in a county where first-class cricket is played. I have played and supported the game since I was a little boy, so obviously I think of a fabulous sport whenever I hear the word cricket. Having said that, I am also well aware that there is a famous insect of the same name and there are many people in England, let alone the world, who think neek-neek-neek first when they hear the word. So, huge cricket (sport) fan that I am, I have no objection to a disambiguation page. But, please bear in mind that cricket the sport is inevitably going to have a massive presence on the site, while the insect is going to have one sizeable article and a few pics, but not much else.

I do want to say something about American attitudes in particular. It is about time Americans realised that their country's culture, including the bizarre activity known as baseball, is not paramount on this planet. Cricket has millions of fans throughout the whole world and it is generally reckoned there are more cricket fans in India alone than there are people in America. When has baseball ever created the sort of international fervour that the present Ashes series has aroused? --Jack 12:28, 7 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Cricket is one of the most linked-to pages on Wikipedia. The sport has an enormous WP presence, which is only going to grow. It makes perfect sense that the sport is at "Cricket". I also imagine almost all WPians typing "cricket" in the search box will be looking for the sport - after all, cricket the sport has over a billion fans, how many fans does the insect have? jguk 12:42, 7 August 2005 (UTC)
 * It's not a popularity contest. We just want what is most useful for the reader. Double Blue  (Talk) 13:00, 7 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree with you there but I get the impression that some Americans in particular think the site should be what is most useful for them. The best solution is to have the sport at Cricket but immediately below the titles of both article and category have links to cricket (insect) and any other categories of cricket.  Makes sense to me. --Jack 13:16, 7 August 2005 (UTC)
 * And see my comments above for why this (i.e. the change) would not be useful for the reader. [[smoddy ]] 13:25, 7 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't follow you smoddy, I thought that's what you were in favour of. Double Blue  (Talk) 13:53, 7 August 2005 (UTC)
 * My comment was a reply to you, which is why it was indented as such. My wording was probably not sufficiently clear, so I have clarified matters. [[smoddy ]] 14:00, 7 August 2005 (UTC)
 * If the sport shared its name with elephant, perhaps the main page should be a disambiguation page, but cricket (insect)? How many people actually look that one up relative to the sport? Both the comparative length of the articles and the number of edits suggest that at best the insect is to the sport as London, Ontario is to London, and the gap is probably wider than in that case. Osomec 21:53, 7 August 2005 (UTC)

rfc comment. Many more inward links and much more content and much greater following of (definitely) editors and (almost certainly) readers make this clearly a primary topic disambig. Rd232 21:01, 8 August 2005 (UTC)

RFC comment. All things being equal I think it would be best to have the disambiguation page at cricket. I don't think there's a clear primary meaning; for what it's worth, my OED lists cricket (insect) as the first meaning of the word. Christopher Parham (talk) 20:20, 2005 August 9 (UTC)

 * But all things aren't equal. If you look above, you will see my rationale for why this would not be a good idea.  Fewer clicks to the sport, equal number of clicks to the insect.  There's hardly an issue of neutrality here.  We have to ask this question: what would be gained by the reader with this change?  I can't see anything.  Elucidation requested.  [[smoddy ]] 20:42, 9 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, I might equally advocate that the insect should be here with a link to the sport at the top of the page. But the reason to have a disambiguation page proper is that its far simpler and more obvious than the dab banner, which is easy to miss. The entire point is that, where it's not clear where a reader wants to be, offer him the choice in the simplest possible fashion -- a small, quick to load page that presents the choices and nothing else. Christopher Parham (talk) 21:02, 2005 August 9 (UTC)

I de-archived this, since it's very much a pertinent discussion. Cricket should direct to the disambiguation page. This article should be at Cricket (sport). Seems obvious to me. – Quadell (talk) (sleuth) 17:07, August 18, 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, now I'm second-guessing myself. In the U.S., when someone says "cricket", everyone thinks insect. But on Google, of the first 20 hits for Cricket, only one is about the insect - #18. So I don't know. I still think it should be a dab page, but it's not clear-cut. – Quadell (talk) (sleuth) 17:12, August 18, 2005 (UTC)

 * I don't know what's pertinent about it - but have a look at the "What links here" and you will note that this is one of the most linked to pages on WP, and that the links are about the sport. It's quite clearcut that the sport should be here - and there's not really much hassle at all about those who want to find out about the insect - indeed, it's no more effort than if this were a disambiguation page, jguk 17:40, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

It's pertinent because consensus has not been achieved, and it's still listed on WP:RFC. It isn't clear-cut at all, since there are many who disagree with you. If you took a poll of all people who speak English as a first language, nearly all non-U.S.-residents would think of the sport when you say "Cricket", and nearly all U.S.-residents would think of the insect. If I'm right about that (and I think I am), then this suggests the insect is more prominent. The question isn't "How many clicks does it take?". It's about Wikipedia standards. Should a sentence like " Frogs eat crickets and grasshoppers " link to the sport or not? I'm not saying you're wrong, but I am saying that the question has not been decided yet. Perhaps a straw poll is in order? – Quadell (talk) (sleuth) 19:28, August 18, 2005 (UTC)

 * Statistics are like a broken lamp-post. Great for leaning on, useless for illumination.  Replying to your actual point, I still don't get what you hope to gain from the move.  What will be improved for the reader?  There isn't a neutrality issue at stake here.  This is a simple editorial decision.  We just have to balance up costs and return.  I can't see much return.  Please illuminate.  [[smoddy ]] 21:40, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

 * If a poll is taken, where should it be placed? This article has an inherent bias, of course. Nereocystis 22:58, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

 * RfC, I suppose...although I would have thought the people likely to visit the page cricket would have the most say in the matter... Sam Vimes 22:59, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

 * There would be a request made at WP:RM, then the debate would happen here. As in, Talk:Cricket.  Nowhere else.   [[smoddy ]] 23:08, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

Oh, here we go again. I'm staying out of this for the sake of my blood pressure, except to reiterate my earlier comment. If a "baseball" was an insect meriting a total of about 1,000 words on Wikipedia, would these Americans who are clamouring for "cricket" to be a disambig page rather than the sport also be arguing that "baseball" should be a disambig page rather than the sport with a link to the insect? Really? And then after you answer that, remember that cricket is much more popular worldwide than baseball - it is not an insignificant, quaint, ridiculous sport that nobody understands, plays, or cares about. -dmmaus 23:25, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

 * No, the British would be complaining if "baseball" were an insect. According to OED, cricket was used for an insect in 1325, but wasn't used for the sport until 1598, a relative newcomer. Nereocystis 23:32, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Do you see us complaining because Football isn't Football (soccer)? --Ngb 07:04, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Do not re-open that can of worms! Pcb21| Pete 07:55, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Football is the longest disambiguation page I have ever seen, but it is done extremely well. Soccer, rugby, American football, Australian rules football...

 * What is the problem? Primary-topic disambiguation here will surprise almost all visitors: no-one expects a disambiguation page.  -- ALoan (Talk) 10:21, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, no...that's the problem. There are two meanings, and the people who understand one are usually quite ignorant of the other, so neither side expects a dab page! Sam Vimes 10:47, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Sorry, perhaps I was not being clear enough. As you say, the football was finally settled very well, after a lot of talk. My comment to ngb was intended to mean "please don't get people started about football, we already solved that one!" Pcb21| Pete 11:08, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

I think a valid comparison would be to Star Wars. With comparable significance to different cultures, and a comparably less significant homonym, there is no discussion as to whether Star Wars should link to Star Wars (disambiguation) so as to give Strategic Defense Initiative a fair shake. Granted, Star Wars and SDI don't stretch as far back as cricket and crickets, but I think it's a valid comparison. If one thinks Cricket ought to point at Cricket (disambiguation), then oughtn't Star Wars point at Star Wars (disambiguation)? Cigarette 16:05, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * in this example, SDI was named after Star Wars (the movie) whereas cricket (insect) came before cricket (sport). the argument on this page stems from the fact that the insect and the sport etymologies evolved independently (apparently). -- Bubbachuck 15:23, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

i strongly disagree with the arguments presented here for the sport being on the main article because

1) the insect has been around for millions (billions?) of years and is infinitely more significant than the sport, or ANY sport (yes, including baseball). i say this because if the insect were gone, ecosystems around the world could collapse whereas life would go on without the sport.  remember that cricket is the name for an ANIMAL, a scientific term that describes a very important animal to the world.  i believe that along should settle the argument.  show me another Wikipedia or encyclopedic article where the natural animal is less significant than anything else named called the same thing.  How many people have seen a cricket compared to how many people have seen a cricket match?

2) a longer, more in-depth article for the sport does not necessitate it being more significant than the insect because the insect page could very well be improved in a short while (physiology, anatomy, mating patterns, geographic distribution, growth cycle, popular culture, etc.) and i doubt the sports fans will change their minds

3) assuming that there really are a billion fans for cricket, the vast majority are from India. of those, only a small fraction of Indians would go on English wikipedia to look up Cricket.  that said, I will claim China as a country that understands cricket to mean the insect.  assuming both have populations approx equal in their command of english.  with ~1 billion people each,  we can cancel both countries out.     also, I did not see anyone American (or Norwegian or Portuguese), state or imply that the reason they want cricket link to the insect or dab because they feel it is more significant to them.  they were saying it would be more significant to the English-speaking population in general.  Quote: "Statistics are like a broken lamp-post. Great for leaning on, useless for illumination.  Replying to your actual point, I still don't get what you hope to gain from the move.  What will be improved for the reader? There isn't a neutrality issue at stake here. This is a simple editorial decision. We just have to balance up costs and return. I can't see much return. Please illuminate. smoddy 21:40, 18 August 2005 (UTC)" in direct reply to smoddy, if you are going to discount statistics, then you are contradicting yourself with "There are over a billion fans of the sport in the world."  in response to the gain to the reader, imagine the number of people who see or hear crickets everyday to the number of people who see or hear the cricket sport everyday.  obviously the former is larger (rough estimate, i'd say there are AT LEAST tens of billions of crickets in the world, no exaggeration).  i can imagine just as many if not more people who see a cricket (and say their friend tells them its called a cricket) and look it up than the number of people who look up the sport.  assuming the numbers are equal, the scientific argument for the insect should weigh out. i understand than changing 2150 links is a pain but for the sake of the scientific value of Wikipedia as a factual encyclopedia, it should be done. if it makes a difference, I will volunteer to change 500 links (probably more). for these reasons, Cricket should link to the insect article and there should be a link at the top for the sport. if it makes a difference, i am a huge basketball fan and if there were any relevant scientific value to the word "basketball" i would vote to have it precede the sport.

-- Bubbachuck 15:23, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

Has anyone looked up "cricket" in the OED or in Encyclopedia Britannica? I suspect that in a dictionary, the insect comes up first while in an Encyclopedia, the game does. BTW I came upon this article after a weekend trip to England where I saw strange people dressed in white doing strange things. I wanted to know more about it, so I went to wiki, and I AM SOOOOOO HAPPY that I didn't have to click that extra click through a disambiguation page. Really would have ruined my day otherwise. (Right. I of all people should talk...) Vincent 16:56, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I checked my OED last night. Its not the full one obviously but still an OED. It lists the sport as the first definition and the insect second. I don't have a Britannica to check but I have no reason to think it would be different. Put simply "cricket" means the sport to most English speakers outside of the USA. If a British child saw a cricket they would probably call it a grasshopper anyway. --LiamE 08:49, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Dang, I shoudda said "Webster's" :) Vincent 08:56, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

Unsigned comment, moved from Talk:Cricket/to do
Please note that the centre of the cricket oval is called a 'wicket' and that the wooden posts are called 'stumps', someone has been referring to the 'wicket' as a 'pitch' which is inaccurate and I have never seen this term used. Fairywings 10:54, August 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, there's confusion with some people calling the three stumps together the wicket. I think the term pitch was used to give an unambiguous word for it. Besides, the commentators speak of "pitch conditions" all the time, people talk of the pitch playing well - the terms are roughly in equal use from my experience, and as wicket can be confused both with the action of taking a wicket and the three stumps and two bails together, I suggest the word pitch is still used. I won't revert you, though - yet Sam Vimes 16:15, 11 August 2005 (UTC)

 * You're wrong -- the centre of the cricket oval is called the pitch, as defined in the Laws of Cricket: see http://www.lords.org/laws-and-spirit/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-7-the-pitch,33,AR.html. I've reverted accordingly. --Ngb 16:24, 11 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Fairywings is partly right. Wicket is also incorrectly used to refer to the pitch. eg Batting on a sticky wicket =Nichalp «Talk»=  18:14, August 11, 2005 (UTC)

It may be incorrect by the laws of cricket, but the point I was making is that almost no-one refers to the Wicket as a pitch, so popular usage means that either Wicket or both should be used.Fairywings 10:54, August 12, 2005 (UTC)

 * I have reverted. At best, as wicket says, the term is ambiguous and the sense is determined by context.  Why use an ambiguous term when there is an unambiguous term that is also technically correct?  At most, we need a note explaining that "wicket" is commonly used for "pitch" as well as "three stumps plus bails", "the area at either end of the pitch around the stumps", "dismissal of a batsman", or (with a number) "batsmen's partnership".  - ALoan (Talk) 11:15, 12 August 2005 (UTC)

It's just not Kricket!
Having had to revert this twice in a short period I thought I might mention it here: the German for cricket is Cricket, and not Kricket as two bots have now erroneously had it. See (and note the spelling of) the Deutscher Cricket Bund website. Loganberry (Talk) 23:22, 11 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Take that up with the kind people on the German wikipedia, then. As it stands, I don't think interwiki links should point to a redirect? Sam Vimes 06:19, 12 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Actually - sod that comment. It appears they have the same content on both pages - de:Kricket and de:Cricket! Sam Vimes 06:42, 12 August 2005 (UTC)

Bowler's arm bending
"A bowler delivers the ball toward the batsmen, using what is known as a bowling action: his arm must not straighten at the elbow during the delivery. If he bends his arm in any manner, it is an illegal throw" From this excerpt, it would appear that the bowler's arm can be neither bent nor straight; as a non-cricketer, I am confused. Escheffel 23:45, 15 August 2005 (UTC)

 * The bowler's arm may be either bent or straight - what is not allowed is for the arm to straighten, i.e. to become more straight than it is. If you throw a ball normally, notice how your elbow starts bent, but is straight when you release the ball. That is what is not allowed. Typically, a bowler keeps his elbow locked straight and rolls his arm over his shoulder. -dmmaus 23:52, 15 August 2005 (UTC)

 * And to make things even more complicated, scientists recently discovered (through analysing video of bowlers) that it is practically impossible to bowl without some straightening of the arm. This led to the ICC changing the rules to say that straightening of up to 15 degrees will now be permissible. Some bowlers are given even more latitude. The Sri Lankan bowler Muttiah Muralitharan is unable to fully straighten his bowling arm and it took an ICC investigation to clear him. His article has a very good explanation of the controversy involved. Lisiate 23:57, 15 August 2005 (UTC)

Poll on where "Cricket" should be disambiguated
This poll will be closed in 2 weeks, September 2, after which the consensus (or lack thereof) will be noted.

This poll has been cancelled. User:Quadell set this poll up, but it quickly became clear from several user comments that the poll could have been better constructed. Because of that, the aborted poll has been archived at Talk:Cricket/oldpoll and is no longer active. Instead, discussion is ongoing on how to best run such a poll.

 * Would it be possible to have an IRC meeting to discuss matters? Working in real-time might lower animosity and speed things up.  [[smoddy ]] 20:47, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm afraid I don't have access to IRC at work. I'll be home in an hour or two, though. – Quadell (talk) (sleuth) 20:49, August 19, 2005 (UTC)

Okay, I'll make some statements about a new poll that I hope are non-controversial. If you disagree with any of the statements, please say so.

 * 1) Although several of us may have strong opinions, it is not yet clear what the consensus is in regards to what this page should contain.
 * 2) If the consensus is to have this article be about the sport, then this page should be about the sport, even if I personally disagree. And vice versa: if the consensus is to have this article be a disambig, then this page should be a disambig, even if some people disagree.
 * 3) If there isn't consensus, it would be better to achieve consensus, if possible.
 * 4) Polls attempt to determine or achieve consensus. They're not always effective at that.
 * 5) Consensus is best achieved if we assume good faith about each other. No one is trying to make Cricket (the sport) seem less prestigious. None of us wants U.S. culture to dominate Wikipedia, or on the other side, to marginalize U.S. culture.

Can we agree on these points? – Quadell (talk) (sleuth) 20:49, August 19, 2005 (UTC)

 * Sure, I'll agree to this. I even enjoy the occasional fictional cricket match. Nereocystis 20:53, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Statements of common ground are good. This one is very valuable.   [[smoddy ]] 20:59, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

I'm not sure what American culture has to do with anything - is the cricket (the insect) a cultural icon of some sort? Mind you, I suppose this had to happen - the United States cricket team has been split asunder and chucked out of the 2005 ICC Intercontinental Cup, riven by internecine disputes - we might as well have a US v The Rest debate here.

 * You're coming across as rather petty here. I don't see how those comments are helpful. – Quadell (talk) (sleuth) 21:12, August 19, 2005 (UTC)

The abortive poll already showed strong views in support of this page remaining at the sport - and Quadell himself has said his preference for a disambiguation page is only a mild one. The abortive poll already showed that there was no realistic possibility of a consensus emerging to change to a disambiguation page. In the interests of WP harmony, may I suggest we leave things as they are? jguk 21:03, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I don't think that's a very fair idea. I think it's worth trying to achieve consensus. – Quadell (talk) (sleuth) 21:12, August 19, 2005 (UTC)

Also, I propose that the following relevant statements are factually accurate:
 * 1) The vast majority of articles (2300 out of 2500) that link to cricket refer to the sport.
 * 2) Among the first 20 Google hits for "cricket", 17 are about the sport and none is about the insect. The first Google hit for the insect is at #101, while the American Cricket Association (related to the sport in the United States) is #39.
 * 3) In most areas of the world, the word "cricket" primarily refers to the sport.
 * 4) When counting "English speakers" as those who speak English regularly, even if not as a first language, roughly 2/3 of English speakers live outside the U.S. and would consider the word "cricket" to primarily refer to the sport.
 * 5) When counting "English speakers" as only those who speak English as a first language, excluding those who speak English regularly as a second language, roughly 2/3 of English speakers live in the U.S. and would not consider the word "cricket" to primarily refer to the sport.
 * 6) Both Cricket (insect) and and Cricket (sport) appear on User:Dcoetzee/List of Wikipedia articles with at least 1000 hits, with Cricket (insect) higher on the list.
 * 7) We should follow the guideline at Disambiguation if at all possible.

Okay so far? – Quadell (talk) (sleuth) 21:12, August 19, 2005 (UTC)

 * I agree with 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. With 6, I don't trust the accuracy of this page: there is no clear timescale, and the way this data was gathered is not clear.  1000 hits is a trivial number, and WP gets a lot of hits these days.  I just cannot accept this page as accurate.  With 7, I agree to an extent.  However, this is fundamentally a renaming/moving issue, and as such should primarily conform to the process of WP:RM.  Otherwise, this is good.  [[smoddy ]] 21:24, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Yep. Another point to mention: While cricket (insect) may be the primary meaning in countries where the sport is not prominent, the amount of people in these countries who would search for and link to the insect is relatively small compared to the amount of people who would search for and link to the sport in countries where the sport is prominent (Probably needs rewording) Sam Vimes 21:27, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

 * This is something I was trying to express in the first poll. Your wording is better than mine!  [[smoddy ]] 21:35, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

 * 6 I disagree with - looking at that list as a whole I'd strongly question its accuracy. I'd expect some surprising results, but the list seems to have far too many of them to accept it without question. 7 I strongly disagree with. Disambiguation is not a policy, and it is a relatively new concept that has not been widely discussed. To try to enforce it in a rock-ribbed fashion is inappropriate. It strikes me as needless instruction creep, jguk 22:00, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

As for #6, I think we can agree on what the page says - but some of you are questioning the page's accuracy. I've asked the author of the page for comment. – Quadell (talk) (sleuth) 22:16, August 19, 2005 (UTC)

As for #7, it's a guideline, just as much as any other. It's been widely discussed (Wikipedia talk:Disambiguation has five archives going back to 2002!). We generally follow guidelines on Wikipedia unless there's a good reason not to; that's why they're called guidelines. I think this issue is primarily a disambiguation issue, not a rename/move issue, but I would change the wording of #7 to say "We should follow the guidelines at Rename and Disambiguation if at all possible". This sound good? – Quadell (talk) (sleuth) 22:23, August 19, 2005 (UTC)

 * # 6 is going to be prejudicial unless there is a strong technical understanding of how it works. I personally just do not believe it. To me, that change is fine. I feel that, as the page is moving and being renamed under the proposal, the renaming policy is fundamental.  My main opposition to the move is that it benefits the reader in no way, which I feel is an adequate reason for the guideline to be bypassed.  [[smoddy ]] 22:26, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

 * This approach - seeking to identify the common ground and the points of difference - is a much better way of reaching consensus. Thanks you.

 * I agree with all of your numbered points so far, although I agree with others' concerns about the accuracy of User:Dcoetzee/List of Wikipedia articles with at least 1000 hits, and do not think we should blindly apply guidelines. Here is a link to the current month's hits: cricket is not there; neither is cricket (insect) (nor List of French people!  Notably, Special:Watchlist and List of sex positions are prominent here, but not in the other list). They are guidelines: to be followed where they are helpful, and not where not, and there are bound to be exceptions. Ignore all rules.  In any event, Disambiguation was substantially rewritten exactly one month ago (diff).

 * Time to go home :/ -- ALoan (Talk) 22:41, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * You reach home at midnight? =Nichalp «Talk»=  12:08, August 20, 2005 (UTC)

current month's hit only lists the top 100 items, so it is not as complete as Dcoetzee's list. I would also like to know more Dcoetzee's list. Express skepticism, but wait for final judgement. Special:Watchlist should not be included, since it is different for every user. I'm not sure that #4 and #5 are complete. Most English speakers anywhere will recognize cricket (insect). Slightly fewer perhaps, but a very large number will recognize cricket (sport). Nereocystis 23:14, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

Hey everybody. Sorry if I caused trouble - the list should not be considered to be 100% accurate. It's simply based on the cur_counter field from the last database dump, and I don't quite understand myself how often this number is reset or what types of hits are counted (it's also a bit out of date). Moreover, hit counts alone don't establish which topic should be the primary topic - often one article is simply more popular either because it's higher in Google results, it's linked from popular external sites, or something like that (none of which seem to be the case in this case, oddly enough). In this case, my personal opinion is that they're equally notable (and so this page should be disambiguation). Deco 04:15, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

I would like to work out one matter. I am still not sure why the move is being proposed. The only reasoning that I have seen is Disambiguation suggests it, and why this is relevant. I am beginning to feel that, strictly applying guideline, the move may be appropriate. However, I am still opposed to making the move. I can see no benefit to the reader, and thus I feel that WP:IAR should apply. This statement is not intended to be awkward, I just want to work out why the move is being made. "Because policy says so" is just not enough for me. [[smoddy ]] 11:30, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Firstly, "A vanishingly small percentage of the US is even aware the sport exists. —Cryptic (talk) 14:36, 19 August 2005 (UTC)" (from /oldpoll) is not a valid reason. WikiPedia is not just USA. I'd also like to make some (I think) valid comparisons: Hurling, curling and handball are all sports that are big (not as big as cricket) in some parts of the world, whilst they mean something completely different to other parts of the world, and I'm sure most are not aware of these sports. But I think the fact that the word is an obvious connection to the sport in places where the sport is important means it should have precedence. AlbinoMonkey (Talk) 13:04, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I think we all agree that U.S. perceptions should not dictate Wikipedia content. (That's why we all agree that cricket should not point to the insect.) If 1/3 to 2/3 of English speakers (depending on your definition) are confused about the primary meaning of a term, then some of us think the term should point to a disambiguation page. The fact that those 1/3 to 2/3 are American is not the point. Yes, some Americans have historically been bullies about the English language, but that's not what's driving this debate. – Quadell (talk) (sleuth) 17:23, August 20, 2005 (UTC)

 * My question, "why should we move the page", is still going unanswered.  [[smoddy ]] 19:40, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

Anyone has any ideas as to where the acronym NFL leads to? =Nichalp «Talk»=  12:58, August 21, 2005 (UTC)

Requested move 19 August 2005
discussion of whether cricket should be moved to cricket (sport) so cricket (disambiguation) can move to cricket. -- ALoan (Talk) 15:19, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Add *Support or *Oppose followed by an optional one sentence explanation, then sign your vote with ~

It was requested that this article be renamed but there was no consensus for it be moved. Dragons flight 03:18, August 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose Bad timing to suggest the move in the middle of playing for the Ashes! -- Philip Baird Shearer 23:47, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Worldwide, the sport likely is the most common meaning, but not overwhelmingly so. The insect, while a lesser meaning, is common enough to warrant disambiguation here. — Knowledge Seeker দ 04:50, August 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. CDThieme 06:05, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. What's this nonsense - I thought there was no poll. This has already descended into a time-consuming farce, that will only serve to piss off a large group of editors. Hardly anyone will search for the insect - the sport is very well developed on WP already. Please leave WP:Cricket alone if you're not going to contribute constructively to it, jguk 06:02, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. I don't see an argument for doing this that isn't thoughtlessly US-centric. Ngb 06:22, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Like what Philip said "bad timming". – AxSkov ( ☏ ) 11:16, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Apart from the bad timing of this poll when discussion (above) was still continuing, I believe not only is Cricket (the sport) the more popular of the two, it's also more likely to be looked up in an encyclopedia than the insect. -- Joolz 13:25, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Having this as a disambig would not be as disgraceful as the Georgia situation, but it would be a bad idea I think. The sport deserves primary topic status. — Trilobite (Talk) 15:42, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak support. The sport is definitely the most popular meaning, and the sport article is much better than the insect article, but it seems both are common. I don't think it would be a horrible thing to keep the page here, but I think it would be marginally better to have a disambig. – Quadell (talk) (sleuth) 17:16, August 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Wikipedia is a general-purpose encyclopedia for use by general readers worldwide. In that context the sport is clearly the more common usage. Loganberry (Talk) 18:09, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Silly to ask during the Ashes really. --LiamE 19:24, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. *Yawn* Tintin 19:44, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. --GraemeL (talk) 22:32, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose Numbers of speakers are evil, amount of use is cool. I still think the move is pointless, other than fulfilling policy for policy's own sake.  [[smoddy ]] 22:46, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. -- Ian ≡ talk 05:34, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose — =Nichalp «Talk»=  07:18, August 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose — Ridiculous dramatic 11:23, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Support The guideline is clear. There isn't consensus for one choice, therefore it should be disambiguation. Nereocystis 12:13, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose MRSC 12:28, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. There is no benefit to the reader in changing. Thryduulf 15:30, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. This is ridiculous. As someone pointed out right at the start a disambiguation page would mean sport seekers have to make an extra click and insect seekers receive no benefit. We've already got a link to the insect at the top of the page which is more than adequate in my opinion. Lisiate 20:49, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose The interesting case here is that there are two prominent meanings - one quite more popular than the other, who again vastly drafts the rest. So the current solution is the best IMO. Sam Vimes 20:52, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak oppose There are possibly enough people who would think the primary meaning is the insect to argue for the dab page, but the sport is definitely the more used meaning, and the current situation is practically better than the proposal. JPD 10:08, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Would add extra click for majority looking for the sport, while not benefiting other users. Argument crystallised for me by comparison with Fall (Autumn is not the primary meaning for non-US, but status quo works for me).  --RobertG ♬ talk 11:02, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose [[Image:Smily.jpg]] Fire Fox  12:29, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * "Grant65 opposes on the front foot, driving the ball straight back down the wicket." Grant65 (Talk) 13:41, August 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. There's no benefit to such a move and much to be lost. -dmmaus 23:03, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. A move would not be cricket! - Op. Deo 23:15, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Why should rules be strictly applied for Cricket? If you want to move this one to disamb, then do so for other major Articles first. About 1/4th of Worlds population resides in Cricket playing CoutriesAMbroodEY

Discussion

 * Add any additional comments

 * Note that the discussion is continuing above: we are not voting yet. See /oldpoll for the abortive poll that started and ended on 20 August. -- ALoan (Talk) 00:39, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Are we voting or not? I thought we were going to gather information for a few days, reach agreement where possible, and then vote. Let's remove this poll and have it join the other old poll from yesterday. Nereocystis 20:20, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I am beginning to get a feeling that the whole point of this exercise is to get a consensus by boring people to such an extent that they won't bother to vote. Tintin 20:26, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, the vote is pretty one-sided, but I should have deleted this section on Friday (it was added by Philip Baird Shearer because I added a note about the previous poll to WP:RM). -- ALoan (Talk) 00:12, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

 * 1) I don't see why this has to turn anti-American. The insects are not a US patent, nor are they exclusive to the US. 2) I still don't see why we can't use the following setup to end this debate: Cricket=sport; crickets=insect (just for this dab). =Nichalp <font color="#0082B8">«Talk»=  12:22, August 20, 2005 (UTC)

 * Crickets already goes to cricket (insect) and has for ages. (Funnily enough, inning redirects to innings.) -- ALoan (Talk) 00:12, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Not that funny at all, when you consider that the innings page treats both baseball and cricket - and inning (singular) is a pretty common American usage. Sam Vimes 06:16, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, I would have expected there to be an argumet that innings should instead be at inning. There has already been a bit of discussion in Talk:innings. -- ALoan (Talk) 10:02, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

 * From above, it's clear that google searches for "cricket" are dominated by the sport, and it made me think what would someone do who is searching google for information about the insect - and I searched under "cricket insect" and Wikipedia came out second. Searching under "insect cricket" leaves Wikipedia coming out fourth. Leaving the insect at Cricket (insect) appears to have benefits - google searchers are more likely to choose to read WP - yet another reason to leave things as they are jguk 15:03, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, I suppose it would be there anyway. Nothing would happen to the cricket (insect) page, remember - it's just this page that would be moved, if anything were to happen Sam Vimes 15:18, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Indeed, all this move would do would be to move Cricket (the sport, that is) one click further away without moving the insect one click nearer, so it's pretty pointless. -- Joolz 01:04, 21 August 2005 (UTC)

The guideline is clear. There isn't consensus for one choice, therefore it should be disambiguation. Nereocystis 12:13, 21 August 2005 (UTC)

 * What do you mean by consensus? Although we talk about it all the time, we very rarely mean that everyone had to agree, particularly on a yes/no question.  So far, there is a clear supermajority (18-4) for the sport being at cricket. -- ALoan (Talk) 00:12, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Which guidelines? Naming conventions says "Generally, article naming should give priority to what the majority of English speakers would most easily recognize, with a reasonable minimum of ambiguity, while at the same time making linking to those articles easy and second nature." Oh yes you mentioned Disambiguation above. If the vote is less than 60% in favour of the move it is not agreed that a rough consensus exists under WP:RM to move the page. persumably if the vote is more than 60% of retaining the page as it is then one can state that there is a rough consensus that the sport is the primary topic under Wikipedia:Disambiguation and put this debate to bed.

 * The vast majority of English speaking people outside the USA think the sport when thinking cricket. In the USA I doubt that there a many who think "cricket" insect as often as those who think "world series" baseball. If you are American and someone was to say that there is also a World (champion) Series of Darts, please can the page "Wold Series" become a disambiguation page to save a click for the minority intrest of darts, would you, if you vote support for cricket to become a disambiguation page, also vote for that and would you be suprised that the majority of baseball interested Americans voted against such a change? Philip Baird Shearer 13:24, 21 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Sweet mother of pearl! I happened across this very well-written article and decided to look at the discussion that led to it.  (I do hope someone knowledgeable straightens out the arm-bend stuff, perhaps with an illustration, since I couldn't reconcile the description with the bowling I saw from a Melbourne hotel room overlooking a cricket club).  I wanted to chime in as a near-lifelong American and (generally) a non-fan of sport(s):  I see nothing wrong with cricket/sport as the primary topic.  Picking up Shearer's comment, above, in the U.S. it's very common to speak of the 'World Series' of Whatever; because of the role of baseball in American popular culture, most people understand the analogy with baseball's championship at once, even if they overlook the irony of a "world" series open to only one team outside the U.S. and none from the Dominican Republic.  The majority of Americans don't pay much attention to baseball, despite the 'national pastime' honorific; football, basketball, and soccer draw far larger crowds, far more viewers, and far more participants.  Given its age, baseball has permeated the language, so when you use its terms outside of sports, you're not off base.  In fact, even if you strike out with some people, you'll get credit for going down swinging.  The point I'm making is that Wikipedia has a global audience and a global context (even though 'global' means 'people with internet access'), and within that context cricket/sport makes a lot more sense than cricket/insect.  Even in North America, which is not identical to the United States, we have grillons and grillos. OtherDave 19:09, August 23, 2005 (UTC)

 * Can someone point me to an official definition of English speakers. Some people above have assumed that only those who use English as their first language are English speakers, while others who can speak English (myself, for instance) should not be considered as English speakers. Tintin 14:11, 21 August 2005 (UTC)

 * As far as I can tell, it's "what suits my point-of-view best". Apologies for assuming bad faith here, but that really is what it seems like.  Why else would we propegate the idea that only those who speak English as a first language count?  I would suspect quite a lot of English-speakers would rile at that idea.   [[smoddy ]] 14:14, 21 August 2005 (UTC)

Althought your argument about "what suits my point-of-view best" is often vaid, in this case it does not matter how one measures the number as either first or second language speakers as the Indian subcontinent is a stronghold of the game. Philip Baird Shearer 20:59, 21 August 2005 (UTC)

There is now a very similar debate to cricket disambiguation debate about "William of Orange" see Talk:William of Orange Philip Baird Shearer 00:47, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cricket/Archive 6


text:
User talk:Mahavir~enwiki

I have no idea... what a user talk page is.. is it a blog.. an article related to my name 'Mahavir' - the jain founder .. so i am taking the liberty of ignorance and just rambling on. I have to admit.. this is a nervous moment. My brain on the verge of explosion...my fingers itching and exhausted ( no no not a skin disease ).

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Mahavir. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Mahavir~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 01:16, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 15:48, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Mahavir~enwiki


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Chance Waters

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. - Mailer Diablo 06:01, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

Chance Waters
Vanity. The assertion of notablity made, but seems weak. see also Votes for deletion/Natural CausesZeimusu | Talk page 11:13, 2005 August 26 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Australia-related deletions.   -- Cyberjunkie | Talk 05:17, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity Roodog2k 13:42, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, no reason to delete that I can see. Trollderella 16:46, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete no evidence of encyclopedic value CDC   (talk)  18:50, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn. Sdedeo 19:01, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn. Dottore So 19:22, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, no reason to keep that I can see. Zoe 20:54, August 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity. *drew 00:42, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, probably speedy.--Cyberjunkie | Talk 05:17, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Natural Causes

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. - Mailer Diablo 05:59, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

Natural Causes
Vanity band. Does not meet WP:MUSIC standardsZeimusu | Talk page 11:14, 2005 August 26 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Australia-related deletions.   -- Cyberjunkie | Talk 05:18, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Vanity Roodog2k 13:42, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Allmusic.com suggests they have an album, but WP:MUSIC rightly asks for two. There is no evidence available that the meet any other of the criteria. Googling for "Natural Causes" phatchance gave 4 hits, not all of which seemed to apply and none of which contribute notability. -Splash 16:28, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn band. Sdedeo 19:01, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn band. Dottore So 19:21, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. nn. *drew 00:42, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy Delete--Cyberjunkie | Talk 05:18, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Noble outlaw

The noble outlaw is a literary archetype found in cultures around the world. Other phrases denoting the same or a similar concept include "knight-errant", particular to European medieval chivalric romance literature, and Byronic hero, especially in European Romanticism.

Definition
Hubert Babinski, in a review of a study of the 18th-century Italian bandit-outlaw Angelo Duca defines it as follows: the noble outlaw is "a basically good person who had been wronged early in his life by some superior in the social hierarchy. On the basis of that experience the young man decides that such a wrong can only be redressed if the society changes, but such changes can not come from within the social system, only in defiance of it."

Peter L. Thorslev, Jr. (later Emeritus professor of English at UCLA), in his book on The Byronic Hero in the 1960s, described the noble outlaw as a development of a prior archetype, the gothic villain, that in its turn lead to the Byronic hero. Both noble outlaw and gothic villain are rebels, against society and even against God or gods, but the gothic villain is not a hero, whereas noble outlaws "are invariably solitaries, and are fundamentally and heroically rebellious" against injustices, be they divine or of their fellow humans. He related these developments to shifts in the values of Romantic authors and readers "from conformism in large social patterns of conduct or thought, to radical individualism; from humble right reason, common sense, and the proper study of mankind, to a thirst to know and experience all things, to encompass infinities; from acquiescence before God and the social order, to heroism and hubris". However, noble outlaws retained nostalgic vestiges of the past, as they rebelled in part against the rise of bureaucratic nation states and harked back to the more feudalistic times of "personal loyalties; personal justice; and personal heroism". He characterized the noble outlaw as "certainly the single most popular hero of the Romantic Movement".

Examples
In medieval European literature, a well-known example is Robin Hood. Others are found in the Decameron, Two Gentlemen of Verona, Don Quixote (Roque Guinart), and The Beggar's Opera. These are named in Paul Angiolillo's study of Angelo Duca; Babinski notes that Angiolillo's relies for his analysis on the work of Eric Hobsbawm. Examples from the Romantic period in Europe include Goethe's Götz, Friedrich Schiller's Karl Moor, and Walter Scott's Lord Marmion and Byron's Conrad. A 20th-century American example is Arthur Miller's John Proctor.

The noble outlaw as highwayman was a widespread and popular character in the literature of the 18th century (colonial era) Southern United States and thenceforwards. Highwaymen were portrayed almost as social reformers, championing the people and avenging injustices done against them. Karl Moor, aforementioned, was emblematic of this, and The Robbers had lasting appeal in the South. Walter Scott himself was to describe his historical novels as full of "the dubious characters of Borderers, buccaneers, Highland robbers, and all others of a Robin Hood description".

In Chinese culture, the archetype is called hsia, or wuxia. In Japanese literature, a semi-legendary figure is Ishikawa Goemon.

In 1910 Maud Isabel Ebbutt characterized the eponymous characters of The Tale of Gamelyn and William of Cloudslee as noble outlaws, who are always historical in tales, and who "stand in the mind of the populace for justice and true liberty against the oppressive tyranny of subordinate officials [...] and are always taken into favour by the king, the fount of true justice".

Reference bibliography

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title: Noble outlaw


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Nakasen, Akita

Nakasen (中仙町) was a town located in Senboku District, Akita Prefecture, Japan.

In 2003, the town had an estimated population of 11,486 and a density of 145.54 persons per km2. The total area was 78.92 km2.

On March 22, 2005, Nakasen, along with the city of Ōmagari; the towns of Kamioka, Kyōwa, Nishisenboku, Ōta and Semboku; and the village of Nangai (all from Senboku District), merged to create the city of Daisen.

The town's annual festival, the Don Pan Matsuri, is held each summer and features a communal dance. The municipal clock plays the tune associated with the festival several times daily.

title: Nakasen, Akita


text:
Diocese of Skara

The Diocese of Skara (Skara stift) is the oldest existing diocese in Sweden. It was originally a Latin bishopric of the Roman Catholic church, but since the Protestant Reformation has been a Lutheran diocese within the Church of Sweden, with its seat in Skara at Skara Cathedral. In 2014, it celebrated its 1000-year anniversary as a full diocese.

Catholic organisation
The diocese was first founded around 990 CE in Skara, the capital of the country of the Geats in Götaland. It covered the entire era of medieval Götaland until about 1100, when the eastern portion of the diocese was split off and formed the Diocese of Linköping. It then consisted of the provinces of Västergötland and Värmland. When the Diocese of Skara was founded, it was initially suffragan to the Archdiocese of Hamburg-Bremen until 1104 when it was transferred to the Archdiocese of Lund. In 1164 it was finally made suffragan to the Archdiocese of Uppsala, under which it remained until the Catholic diocese's dissolution during the Protestant Reformation.

The diocese's cathedral chapter consisted latterly of a dean, an archdeacon, a subdean, and twenty-one canons. The town also had a Franciscan priory which was established around 1242 and a Dominican order priory from about 1260. At Lödöse there were also Franciscan order established in 1283 and a Dominican order established in 1286. The diocese also consisted of a Cistercian monastery at Varnhem and a Cistercian nunnery at Gudhem, founded around 1160. Besides Skara Cathedral and Varnhem Abbey, there are a large number of romanesque churches which were constructed during this period within the diocese.

In the village of Husaby there was a spring dedicated to St. Brigid of Kildare, an Irish saint. This Irish dedication may be accounted for by the fact that King Olof Skötkonung was baptized in Ireland in 1008 by Sigfrid, one of the first bishops of the diocese. St. Olaf was specially venerated in Dalby and Elgaa in Värmland.

Medieval history
When the diocese was founded in 990 there was no strict division of the country into dioceses, and missionary bishops traveled around the region preaching wherever they could. Because of this, although Odinkar Hvite the Elder functioned as the first bishop stationed at Skara about 990, Sigfrid was officially named as the first Bishop of Skara in a list of bishops in the Västgötalagen, dating to c. 1325. Sigfrid was an Englishman of Scandinavian origin, a court bishop of King Olaf I of Norway, and a monk of Glastonbury. According to the Västgötalagen, Sigfrid founded three churches in Västergötland and baptized Olof Skötkonung, the first Christian King of Sweden, at Husaby in 1008. In Skara, Odinkar was succeeded by Thurgot, the first diocesan Bishop of Skara who held the position from 1012 to 1030. He was nominally succeeded by Gotskalk, a monk of the Benedictine abbey at Lüneburg, who never left his abbey, although he had been consecrated as bishop of Skara by Archbishop Liavizo of Hamburg (1030–32). Sigfrid took over official domain as the bishop of Skara in about 1031, a position which he held until at least 1043.

Although Sigfrid had entered into communication with the Archbishopric of Bremen and sent his relative and successor Osmund to be educated there, both Sigfrid and Osmund seem to have been regarded as intruders by the Archbishop of Hamburg–Bremen. Osmund was consecrated in Poland, and refused to acknowledge the primacy of Hamburg. His refusal was supported by King Anund Jacob. Consequently, when Adalvard the Elder, the dean of Bremen who had been consecrated Bishop of Skara by Archbishop Adalbert on the death of Bishop Gotskalk, came to Skara around 1050 to take possession of his see, he was prevented from doing so. He had to wait for Osmund's departure for England around 1057 before he could overtake the position and install himself as the Bishop of Skara. Adalvard the Elder died in 1060 and was buried near the first Cathedral of St. Mary, which he had commissioned. Acelin, dean of Bremen, was consecrated bishop in 1061, but never took possession of the see. Adalvard the younger, who had visited and buried his elder namesake in 1060, was invited on his expulsion from the See of Sigtuna in 1067 to become Bishop of Skara, but was recalled to Bremen by Archbishop Adalbert.

Little is known of the next four bishops which succeeded Adalvard the younger: Rodulvard, Rikulf, Hervard, and finally Styrbjörn, who died c. 1130. They were eventually succeeded by Bishop Ödgrim or Oedgrim. Varnhem Abbey was founded in 1150 during his episcopate, and Oedgrim is known to have been present at the consecrations of Lund Cathedral in 1145 as well as Skara Cathedral. Oedgrim's successor, Bishop Benedict I (1158–90), expanded and furnished the cathedral. Benedict also oversaw the construction of Churches of St. Nicholas and of St. Peter in Skara, as well other infrastructure works such as roads and bridges.

Bishop Jerpulf was consecrated in 1191, and held the position until 1201. During his term, he persuaded a popular assembly at Askubeck to assign to the bishop part of the tithe. Bishop Benedict II (1217–30) founded several secular canonries in 1220, and thus establishing the diocese's cathedral chapter.

Brinolfo Algotsson is perhaps the most well known bishop of Skara, and the medieval bishop about whom the most records survive. He studied for eighteen years at the University of Paris before becoming the dean of Linköping. In 1278, he became Bishop of Skara. He issued statutes in 1231, and composed hymns and other works, amongst them a Life of St. Helena of Skövde. Bishop Brinolfo Algotsson died on 6 February 1317. After his death, he became venerated as a saint and in 1499 Alexander VI allowed for the translation of his relics, but Saint Brinolfo was never formally canonized. Both he and his successor, Bishop Benedict III Tunnesson (1317–21), oversaw the restoration of Skara Catheral which began in 1312 and was completed in 1320. Bishop Sven the Great (1435– c. 1448) added frescos to the restored cathedral.

Protestant Reformation
Bishop Bryniolph III Gerlaktsson (1478–1505) regulated the border between his diocese and that of the Archdiocese of Lund. His successor, Bishop Vincent Hennings, was beheaded by King Christian II at the Stockholm bloodbath on 8 November 1520, although he protested aloud on his way to the scaffold against the injustice of his condemnation. Vincent Hennings was succeeded by Magnus Haraldsson (1523), whose election was not confirmed by the pope in spite of King Gustavus I's request. Instead the pope installed Johannes Franciscus de Potentia, a Franciscan, as Bishop of Skara, but the king refused to receive him. Gustavus I is widely considered to have started the Protestant Reformation in Sweden. Bishop Magnus Haraldsson, though at first submissive towards Gustavus I, led his diocesans to Larv to take part in the Westrogothian rebellion in opposition to implementation of Protestantism. He was accordingly deposed by the king, who in 1530 appointed a Protestant, Svend Jacobsson, to take over the diocese.

After the Reformation, the former dioceses of the Catholic Church in Sweden were overtaken by the Church of Sweden. Värmland, part of the original diocese's jurisdiction, was separated from the Diocese of Skara and made part of the Diocese of Mariestad and then later transferred to the Diocese of Karlstad.

Catholic bishops

 * Thurgot (bishop of Skara), 1014–1030
 * Gotskalk, 1030, not consecrated
 * Sigfrid, 1030–1050
 * Osmund, 1050s
 * Adalvard the Elder, 1060–1064
 * Acilinus, 1064, not consecrated
 * Adalvard the Younger, 1066–1068
 * Rodulvard, mentioned 1081
 * Rikulf (bishop of Skara), late 11th century
 * Hervard, late 11th century or early 1100s
 * Styrbjörn (bishop), died c. 1130
 * Ödgrim, c. 1130–1150
 * Benedict I (bishop of Skara) (Swedish: Bengt I den gode), c. 1150–1190
 * Järpulf, c. 1190–1200
 * Jon Hyrne, 1201–1205
 * Bernhard (bishop of Skara), 1206–1216
 * Benedict II (bishop of Skara) (Swedish: Bengt II den yngre), mentioned 1219–1228
 * Stenar (bishop of Skara), c. 1228–1238
 * Lars I, 1240/41–1257
 * Valdemar, 1258–1262
 * Ragvald, 1262–1263
 * Ulf, 1263–1267
 * Erik I, 1267–1278
 * Brinolfo Algotsson, 1267–1317
 * Bengt III Johansson, 1317–1321
 * Erik II, 1321–1322
 * Peder Larsson, 1322–1336
 * Gunnar Tynnesson, 1337–1340
 * Sigge Jonsson, 1340–1352
 * Sigfrid Rotgeri, 1352–1352
 * Lars II, 1354–1356
 * Nils, 1356–1386
 * Rudolf of Mecklenburg-Stargard, 1387–1391
 * Torsten, 1391–1404
 * Brynolf Karlsson, 1404–1424
 * Sven Grotte, 1424–1449
 * Bengt IV Gustavsson, 1449–1460
 * Bero Magni de Ludosia, 1461/62–1465, not consecrated
 * Hans Markvardsson, 1465–1478
 * Brynolf III Gerlaksson, 1478–1505
 * Vincens Henningsson, 1505–1520
 * Didrik Slagheck, 1520–1521

Lutheran bishops

 * Francesesco de Potenza, 1523, not consecrated
 * Magnus Haraldsson (bishop of Skara), 1522–1529
 * Sveno Jacobi, 1530–1540
 * Erik Svensson Hjort, 1544–1545
 * Erik Falck, 1547–1558
 * Erik Pedersson Hwass, 1558–1560
 * Erik Nicolai Swart, 1561–1570
 * Jacob Johannis, 1570–1595
 * ''Henrik Gadolenus, 1593
 * Petrus Kenicius, 1595–1609
 * Paulus Pauli, 1612–1616
 * Sveno Svenonis, 1618–1639
 * Jonas Magni Wexionensis, 1640–1651
 * Olof Fristadius, 1651–1654
 * Johannes Kempe, 1655–1673
 * Johan Baazius the younger, 1673–1677
 * Andreas Omenius, 1677–1684
 * Haquin Spegel, 1685–1691
 * Petrus Johannis Rudbeckius, 1692–1701
 * Jesper Swedberg, 1702–1735
 * Petrus Schyllberg, 1736–1743
 * Daniel Juslenius, 1744–1752
 * Engelbert Halenius, 1753–1767
 * Anders Forssenius, 1767–1788
 * Thure Weidman, 1789–1828
 * Sven Lundblad, 1829–1837
 * Johan Albert Butsch, 1837–1875
 * Anders Fredrik Beckman, 1875–1894
 * Ernst Jakob Keijser, 1895–1905
 * Hjalmar Danell, 1905–1935
 * Gustaf Ljunggren (bishop), 1935–1950
 * Yngve Rudberg, 1951–1955
 * Sven Danell, 1955–1969
 * Helge Brattgård, 1969–1985
 * Karl-Gunnar Grape, 1985–1989
 * Lars-Göran Lönnermark, 1989–2004
 * Erik Aurelius, 2004–2012
 * Åke Bonnier, 2012–present

title: Diocese of Skara


text:
Talk:Compare-and-swap

Bug in referenced Shann et al. paper
A warning: the cited Shann et al. paper has a bug in the algorithm, and I thought it was my own implementation that was at fault until I saw the Groves paper that tried to prove correctness of the Shann algorithm and found the bug, and presents a fix in that paper. I have added a note besides the link and hopefully save people a debugging nightmare, but I leave the proper formatting of my note to those that know their ways around here better than me. ThVa (talk) 21:38, 24 March 2009 (UTC)

"Maurice Herlihy (1993) proved that fetch-and-add is inferior to compare-and-swap." This should not be the only reason for merge. Although the FAA operation might be inferior in the context of lock free algorithms it still is a locking primitive and it's usage should be shown (somewhere). --Jyke 11:13, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

Further, Fich, Hendler and Shavit have shown that, in terms of memory usage, compare-and-swap can be weaker than fetch-and-add. Implementing fetch-and-add wait-free from compare-and-swap requires at least as many memory locations as threads. Implementing fetch-and-add wait-free from fetch-and-add requires only one. --Chris Purcell 12:02, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * LL/SC is better. CPUs with LL/SC only have the weak versions, but that's still good for a lot of algorithms, and also the functionality can be implemented with software if you have CAS.  See a recent C. Evequoz paper. ThVa (talk) 21:38, 24 March 2009 (UTC)

Is this three way merge really necessary?
It looks like these are all distict primitives for atomic synchronization. While they each have advantages and disadvantages, they are distinct. If there is really so much overlap, then we should merge all these articles into a single article on "Hardware Synchronization Primitives" or something like that. (But that article would probably be too big, and would get split into articles like these at some point...) Jamie 01:21, 14 November 2005 (UTC)

I would agree: there doesn't seem to be any real point to merging. Chris Purcell 11:35, 14 November 2005 (UTC)

I agree too : there doesn't seem to be any real point to merging or a very good operating system writer would have to rewrite it completly. TheCric 11:35, 14 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Which three primitives were being discussed to not merge? RJFJR (talk) 22:00, 3 November 2011 (UTC)

CAS useful on uniprocessor systems as well
The article mentions that CAS is only used on multiprocessor systems. It is currently used on uniprocessor systems for user-space applications where disabling the interrupt is not allowed directly and invoking the OS kernel is quite expensive. Catalin 13:54, 12 April 2007 (UTC)

 * I added a comment about this. --JeffreyYasskin (talk) 18:45, 16 December 2007 (UTC)

CAS is both an abstraction and an assembly instruction
Both C++0x and Java  use CAS as the name for an atomic operation on data of various sizes, including larger than a single pointer. On the other hand, the assembly instruction is only reliably available on data sizes up to the pointer size. I'd like to point out the ambiguity in the text, but I'm not sure of the best wording to use. --JeffreyYasskin (talk) 18:45, 16 December 2007 (UTC)
 * You are wrong. Double-pointer-sized CAS is available on at least all x86-64 processors other than very early AMD ones.  If one is doing x86, unless it's on a very old processor, CMPXCHG16B is a given. ThVa (talk) 21:32, 24 March 2009 (UTC)

C code
Am I mistaken or is register a reserved keyword in C? Will that code even compile? .froth. (talk) 00:06, 17 June 2010 (UTC)

Is the C-code really just a pseudocode representation using c syntax? RJFJR (talk) 14:29, 11 November 2011 (UTC)

 * The C code is misleading. A newcomer who doesn't understand atomic ops will think that they can write CAS in C.  You can't.  There's no atomicity there.  Of course someone who's worked with this before will know this and point out where in the article it says this but last I knew assembly programmers aren't the target audience of Wikipedia. 166.250.45.126 (talk) 17:40, 3 April 2012 (UTC)

Reworded intro
In an attempt to provide more context for people new to the CAS instruction, I reworded the intro paragraph. The first sentence now reads, "In computer science, compare-and-swap (CAS) is an atomic CPU instruction used in multithreading to achieve synchronization." I think that links to all the important contextual areas? --Chris Purcell (talk) 11:02, 23 December 2011 (UTC)

Implementation in C
Should we just delete the whole ==Implementation in C== section of the article? Is it really the best way to give a pseudo code description of the CAS operation? See the section above called 'C code' which discusses some of this. RJFJR (talk) 18:01, 13 July 2012 (UTC)

 * One common approach in the literature is to surround the code in an "atomically" block construction, which makes it clear something non-standard is happening. I think having _some_ form of code to present the ideas is a good thing. --Chris Purcell (talk) 16:49, 16 July 2012 (UTC)

Strange text in intro
It says "It compares the contents of a memory location to a given value and, only if they are the same, modifies the contents of that memory location to a given new value". The "only if they are the same" is probably an error, isn't it?

 * Nope, that's right.  --Chris Purcell (talk) 16:00, 29 December 2014 (UTC)

CMPXCHG16B requirement
See Talk:Windows_8.1 for a discussion. - Yuhong (talk) 07:53, 6 August 2017 (UTC)

CS
The article mentions that it traces back to IBM S/370, but S/370 has CS and CDS, not CAS. Which architectures have CAS? Gah4 (talk) 01:49, 20 September 2022 (UTC)

refetch
As noted for the pseudo-code x86 version, it seems that the S/370 (and later) CS and CDS refetch the value from memory when the compare fails. The article doesn't explain this well. It seems that, at least on some versions, this is related to caching. Also, at least for the S/370 version, it does not protect against changed by I/O operations. Gah4 (talk) 12:46, 26 September 2022 (UTC)

Invention of CAS
According to Lynn Wheeler - a key player in the 360/370 world...

MIT Lincoln Labs was the first installation for CP67 and they had it in a multiprocessor configuration. Lincoln Labs returned one of their processors to IBM where it was vectored to IBM's Cambridge Scientific Center (CSC) machine to upgrade it to a two processor multiprocessor.

Charles Arnold Salisbury (CAS) was at CSC when he invented "Compare And Swap" (matching Charles' initials) while he was working on CP67 multiprocessor fine-grain kernel locking (as alternative to 360 "Test & Set").

Lynn was also at CSC working on performance, pathlength, algorithms, paging, scheduling, etc. He had started on the single processor base. While the CSC 360/67 had a 2nd processor added, it didn't increase the memory size from 768kbytes. Consequently, it was somewhat memory limited even when running single processor. For a while, Lynn's paging improvements to single processor provided better throughput than adding the 2nd processor. Once he started working on the same base as Charles with the multiprocessor support it improved throughput. Earthshew (talk) 20:30, 29 July 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Compare-and-swap


text:
Đàn nguyệt

The đàn nguyệt ( Vietnamese pronunciation: [ɗǎn ŋwiə̂ˀt] "moon-shaped lute", Chữ Nôm: 彈月) also called nguyệt cầm (Chữ Hán: 月琴), đàn kìm, is a two-stringed Vietnamese traditional musical instrument. It is used in folk and classical music and remains popular throughout Vietnam (although during the 20th century, many Vietnamese musicians increasingly gravitated toward the acoustic and electric guitar). It may be descended from the Ruan (Chinese: 阮; pinyin: ruǎn), a Chinese instrument.

The đàn nguyệt's strings, formerly made of twisted silk, are generally made of nylon or fishing line today. They are kept at a reasonably low tension compared to the guitar and other European plucked instruments. This, along with the instrument's raised frets, allows the important bending tones to interpret traditional Vietnamese music correctly. Such bending tones are produced by pressing the string toward the neck rather than bending to the side. The strings are generally plucked with a small plectrum; a plastic guitar pick is often used.

The instrument's standard Vietnamese name, đàn nguyệt, literally means "moon string instrument" (đàn is the generic term for "string instrument" and nguyệt means "moon"). Its alternate name, nguyệt cầm, also means "moon string instrument" (cầm meaning "string instrument" in Sino-Vietnamese, coming from the Chinese yuèqín, 月琴).

Video

 * Đàn nguyệt video

title: Đàn nguyệt


text:
Hà Giang

Hà Giang is a city located on the banks of the Lô River in the Northeast region of Vietnam. It is the capital of Hà Giang Province. The city has an area of 135.33 km2 and a population of 55 559 inhabitants. The population is composed of 22 different ethnicities, of which 55.7% are Kinh and Tày people.

History
Up until the 19th century the settlement of Vị Xuyên, to the south of Hà Giang (chu Han: 河楊), was the principal market town in the area. Under the Nguyễn dynasty the town of Hà Giang, in what is now Trần Phú District, began to grow in size. In 1842 the town was included in the former Tuyên Quang Province. The town became an important French military outpost after 1886.

On August 12, 1991, the province of Hà Giang was re-established and separated from Tuyên Quang Province. When separated, Hà Giang Province contained 10 administrative units, and Hà Giang town became the provincial town of Hà Giang.

On September 27, 2010, Hà Giang town was officially upgraded into a provincial city.

In March 2014, the urban development project type II was approved by the Prime Minister in Decision No. 190, which includes the provinces of Vĩnh Phúc, Hà Giang, and Thừa Thiên–Huế, thanks to a non-refundable aid package from the Asian Development Bank (ADB). With regards to Hà Giang province, the project includes upgrading of roads, construction of 2 new bridges, and upgrading the sewage system. This investment in Hà Giang will promote economic and social sustainable development, a prerequisite for the development of the area.

Culture
Mong Village: Then Pa (Dong Van, Ha Giang) Located right at the foot of the Lung Cu National Flagpole, Lung Cu commune (Dong Van, Ha Giang), Mong Then Pa village still retains almost intact many traditional features of the Mong people such as lifestyle, walled houses with tiled roofs. yin and yang... This village for hundreds of years lies quietly next to Dragon's Eye Lake, becoming an ideal destination for tourists who love peace, getting rid of all the hustle and bustle of life.

Climate
Like most of northern Vietnam, Hà Giang has a dry-winter humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa).

Administration
The following administrative units are recognized as part of Hà Giang city:

 * Trần Phú Ward
 * Minh Khai Ward
 * Nguyễn Trãi Ward
 * Quang Trung Ward
 * Ngọc Hà Ward
 * Phương Thiện
 * Phương Độ
 * Ngọc Đường

Economy
Hà Giang province is a highly mountainous region. Much of the province is too mountainous for agriculture, leaving much of the land covered by forests. Hà Giang's central plateau is good for growing plums, peaches, and persimmons, which the province exports. Tea is also grown.

Hà Giang is one of the poorest provinces of Vietnam. Traditionally, the vast majority of its economic activity revolved around agriculture and forestry, but in recent years, there have been attempts to establish a manufacturing industry. Infrastructure in Hà Giang has seen improvement, but remains poor – roads, schools, and health services are less developed than in many other parts of Vietnam. Since the designation of Dong Van Karst Plateau Geopark in 2010, the tourism industry has been growing.

Demographics
Many people in Hà Giang belong to one of Vietnam's ethnic minorities. Aside from the Viet (or Kinh), the most numerous ethnic groups in Hà Giang are the Tày, the Dao, and the Hmong.

title: Hà Giang


text:
User talk:Shooter175

Image nominated for deletion
Hi, I've nominated the image Image:III 1.jpg, posted by you, for deletion. It is not used anywhere, its sources and license are not stated and it doesn't seem to be useful in any encyclopedia article. If you don't wish it to be deleted, please go to WP:IFD.

title: User talk:Shooter175


text: User talk:82.34.40.138

title: User talk:82.34.40.138


text:
Hải Dương

Hải Dương is a city in Vietnam. It is the capital of Hải Dương, an industrialized province in the Hanoi Capital Region and the Red River Delta in Northern Vietnam. The city is at the midpoint between the capital Hanoi and the major port Haiphong, and is part of the Northern Key Economic Zone. In 2019, Hai Duong city had a population of 241,373.

Name
The name first appeared officially in 1498. In feudal times, Hải Dương indicated a vast area from east of Hanoi to the sea. This area corresponds to all of modern Hải Dương, Haiphong, most of Hưng Yên and the southwestern corner of Quảng Ninh. Hải Dương city is in the middle of this historical area and was the location of a citadel defending the capital. Because of this historical location, Thành Đông (eastern citadel) is a common nickname of Hải Dương. The name "Hải Dương" (海陽) comes from Sino-Vietnamese and means "ocean sun" in English.

Geography
Hải Dương city is bordered to the north-east by Nam Sách and Thanh Hà districts, to the west by Cẩm Giàng District, and to the south by Gia Lộc and Tứ Kỳ districts, and also a branch of the Sat River. A branch of the Cái River (literally, "mother river" in Vietnamese) divides the city into two parts, on one side the urban area, and on the other side rural and industrial outskirts. The city is located in the centre of both the Northern Economic Area and of the Hanoi–Haiphong–Quảng Ninh development region as well. Hải Dương is located 58 km from Hanoi, 45 km from Haiphong, and 80 km from Halong Bay. A railway, National Highway No.5 (Hanoi - Hải Dương - Haiphong) and National Highway No.18 (Bắc Ninh - Hải Dương - Quảng Ninh) all pass through the province. Hải Dương Province is also located within the Red River Delta of northern Vietnam. It is bordered by Haiphong and Quảng Ninh provinces in the east, Hưng Yên in the west, Bắc Ninh and Bắc Giang in the north, and Thái Bình in the south. With a total area of 1648 km2, Hải Dương Province has one major city (Hải Dương) and eleven districts (Bình Giang, Cẩm Giàng, Chí Linh, Gia Lộc, Kim Thành, Kinh Môn, Nam Sách, Ninh Giang, Thanh Hà, Thanh Miện and Tứ Kỳ).

Nowadays, highways make it easier to commute between Haiphong, Hải Dương and Hanoi. As of October 2017 it takes between 45 minutes and one hour to travel from Hải Dương to Hanoi.

Administrative divisions
Hải Dương city was built in 1804, and was first called "Thành Đông" (Sino-Vietnamese for eastern citadel), referring to the citadel east of Vietnam's capital, Hanoi. During the French colonial period, Hải Dương was a town. Before 1968, Hải Dương was a town in Hải Dương Province. Between 1968 and 1996 it was the capital of Hải Hưng Province after the provinces of Hải Dương and Hưng Yên merged to form Hải Hưng. On November 6, 1996, following the separation of Hải Dương and Hưng Yên provinces, Hải Dương became the capital of Hải Dương province. On August 6, 1997, Hải Dương was established as a city.

From 2019, Hải Dương city contains 20 wards (urban) and 7 communes (rural).

Wards

 * Ái Quốc
 * Bình Hàn
 * Cẩm Thượng
 * Hải Tân
 * Lê Thanh Nghị
 * Nam Đồng
 * Ngọc Châu
 * Nguyễn Trãi
 * Nhị Châu
 * Phạm Ngũ Lão
 * Quang Trung
 * Tân Bình
 * Tân Hưng
 * Thạch Khôi
 * Thanh Bình
 * Trần Hưng Đạo
 * Trần Phú
 * Tứ Minh
 * Việt Hòa

Communes

 * An Châu
 * Gia Xuyên
 * Liên Hồng
 * Ngọc Sơn
 * Quyết Thắng
 * Tiền Tiến
 * Thượng Đạt

Road

 * National highway routes: 5, 191, 37, 17
 * Main street:
 * Avenue: Ho Chi Minh, Tran Hung Dao, Nguyen Luong Bang, Le Thanh Nghi, Vo Nguyen Giap (formerly October 30).
 * Streets: Pham Ngu Lao, Truong Chinh, Thanh Nien, Thong Nhat, Ngo Quyen, Hong Quang, Yet Kieu, Dien Bien Phu, Bach Dang, Hoang Dieu, Nguyen Thuong Man, Chi Lang, Cuu Thanh, Hao Thanh, Hoang Hoa Tham, Bach Nang Thi, Bui Thi Xuan, An Thai, Pham Ngu Lao, Chuong Duong, Tam Giang, Quang Trung, Doan Ket, Cam Thuong, Ba Trieu, Do Ngoc Du, Nguyen Trac Luan, Phu Tho, Nguyen Quy Tan, Nguyen Thi Due, Dong Nien, Dancer Dan, Vu Huu, Duc Minh,...

Waterway
Hai Duong city has a quite convenient waterway transportation system. From Hai Duong city, according to the Thai Binh river system, boats can go down to Hai Phong Port, or back to the northern midland mountainous provinces.

Cong Cau Port is an inland waterway port with the function of loading and unloading goods - mainly raw materials - to and from other provinces and cities, the port has a capacity of 300,000 tons/year and a system of wharves and yards to meet the needs of domestic and foreign tourists. Transport goods by water in a convenient way.

Railway
The Hanoi-Hai Phong railway passes through Hai Duong city about 13 km, starting from Viet Hoa ward and ending at Ai Quoc ward. Connecting with other provinces at Hai Duong Station- the railway hub of the whole province, and Tien Trung is the transit station of the Northeast region of the province.

title: Hải Dương


text:
User:Earth/sock puppet

Below are users I suspect indulging in socket puppetry:
 * 1) User:Alibadawi
 * 2) User:Garywbush
 * 3) User:Colin chee
 * 4) User:DanianCheong

All users have less than 50 edits, three users (with the exception of User:Garywbush) have less than 20 edits. Moreover, User:Alibadawi and User:Colin chee suddenly came up (registered) when a disagreement on Kafirphobia came to surface. Please refer to Votes_for_deletion/Kaafirphobia and especially talk:kafir.

I have proof that User:Alibadawi and User:Garywbush are indeed the same person. Please read to Wikipedia_talk:Sock_puppet for more information.

title: User:Earth/sock puppet


text:
Stenlille Municipality

Until 1 January 2007 Stenlille municipality was a municipality (Danish, kommune) in the former West Zealand County on the island of Zealand (Sjælland) in east Denmark. The municipality covered an area of 94 km², and had a total population of 5,544 (2005). Its last mayor was Vagn Guldborg, a member of the Venstre (Liberal Party) political party. The main town and the site of its municipal council was the town of Stenlille.

Stenlille municipality ceased to exist as the result of Kommunalreformen ("The Municipality Reform" of 2007). It was merged with existing Sorø and Dianalund municipalities to form the new Sorø municipality. This created a municipality with an area of 317 km² and a total population of 28,336 (2005). The new municipality belongs to Region Sjælland ("Region Zealand").

title: Stenlille Municipality


text:
Talk:Operation Wolf

Light Gun Input
I don't think the arcade version of Operation Wolf actually used a lightgun (as indicated in the box). I believe is was a Positional Gun. See the bottom of the light gun article for more information. Can anyone confirm this? --Jamesedmo 11:17, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

 * "Gun: Positional with trigger" - http://www.klov.com/game_detail.php?letter=O&game_id=8927

 * I agree! But that is not a light gun! --Jamesedmo 23:16, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm pretty sure the Light Gun article has it wrong; I think Operation Wolf used a light gun in the Method 2 sense decribed; particular when you consider the Operation Wolf bootleg, Operation Bear, which had a gun that could be detached from the cabinet. Kinitawowi 20:36, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * We've just been discussing this on the de:Wikipedia. The funny thing is that while KLOV talks of a positional gun, it also talks of a photo-light sensor which supposedly malfunctioned frequently. Now if it was not a light gun, I don't quite see where you'd need a photosensor. On the other hand, it might be that some console versions used a light gun and this got mixed up? --OliverH 08:37, 13 July 2006 (UTC)

 * KLOV also says "positional with trigger" and ignores the button for the grenade launcher. I'm pretty sure they've screwed it up. I'm pretty sure the biggest clue as to the type of gun has to be Operation Bear; if the gun can be detached from the cabinet then it can't be based on moving analog joysticks. Kinitawowi 11:04, 18 December 2006 (UTC)

I dont know anything about the correct terminology to use, but i can confirm for certain that the gun was attached to the arcade machine, and had a red button on the left hand side of the gun for grenades. anyone know what type of gun it was moddelled on? god i loved this game so much. Willy turner 00:42, 3 November 2007 (UTC)

 * The gun was an Uzi.--67.110.217.156 (talk) 03:58, 25 August 2010 (UTC)

The thing I remember most about this game is selecting a two player game and then using both guns simultaneously myself, one weapon in each hand. It felt like being fucking Rambo! DANZIG666 (talk) 14:38, 26 December 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:TITLE opwolf.png
Image:TITLE opwolf.png is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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BetacommandBot 04:39, 3 July 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Opwolf(ingame).png
Image:Opwolf(ingame).png is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

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BetacommandBot (talk) 18:33, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:TITLE opwolf.png
Image:TITLE opwolf.png is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 06:22, 24 January 2008 (UTC)

VC Rating
Removing the comment on the rating being the first non E rated game, since that is simply not true. There are quite a few E10+ games already, as well as several T rated games. -- Hellmark (talk) 00:15, 26 January 2008 (UTC)

MS-DOS screenshot
I added an MS-DOS gameplay screenshot, but will leave the screenshot request here, as the article would probably best be served with a screenshot of the original as well. It looks like there were some screenshots that got auto deleted due to no rationale Brubsby (talk) 23:59, 29 January 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Operation Wolf


text:
Calas (general)

Calas or Callas (Greek Κάλας or Κάλλας; lived 4th century BC) was an ancient Greek, son of Harpalus of Elimiotis and first cousin to Antigonus, king of Asia.

Asian campaign of Philip II
Calas held a command in the army which Philip II sent into Anatolia under Parmenion and Attalus, 336 BC, to further his cause among the Greek cities there. In 335 BC Calas was defeated in a battle in the Troad by Memnon of Rhodes, but took refuge in Rhaeteum.

Campaigns of Alexander the Great
At the Battle of the Granicus in 334 BC he led the Thessalian cavalry in Alexander's army, and was appointed by him in the same year to the satrapy of the Lesser or Hellespontine Phrygia, to which Paphlagonia was soon after added. Excluding a failed attempt to conquer Bithynia, we do not hear of Calas: it would seem, however, that he died before the treason and flight of his father in 325, as we know from Arrian that Demarchus succeeded him in the satrapy of the Hellespontine Phrygia during Alexander's life-time.

title: Calas (general)