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The Back Room (album)

The Back Room is the debut studio album of British rock band Editors; it was released on 25 July 2005 through Kitchenware Records. The Editors formed while attending university and later moved to Birmingham, where they played club shows and made demos. After signing to Kitchenware in late 2004, the band recorded their debut album at studios in Lincolnshire, London and Wolverhampton. Jim Abbiss produced all but one of the tracks; the exception was produced by Gavin Monaghan. The Back Room is a post-punk revival, gothic rock and indie pop album that has been compared to the works of Echo & the Bunnymen, Elbow and Interpol.

"Bullets" was released as the album's lead single in January 2005; it was followed by a tour of the UK. "Munich" and "Blood" were released as the album's second and third singles in April and June 2005, respectively. The album's release was promoted with a UK tour throughout July 2005; "Bullets" was re-released following their debut US show in September 2005. Editors then supported Franz Ferdinand on their UK tour, leading to Editors' headlining tour at the end of 2005. In early 2006, "Munich" was re-released; they promoted it with tours in the US and the UK. The album's fourth single "All Sparks" was released in March 2006; it was followed by a co-headlining US tour with Stellastarr. Following a short UK tour, "Blood" was re-released in June 2006, and was promoted with another US tour.

The Back Room received generally positive reviews from music critics; opinions on the Editors' influences and the lyrics were divided but frontman Tom Smith's vocals were well-received. The album reached number two in the UK and Scotland, and charted in Ireland, the Netherlands and the United States. All of the album's singles performed well in the UK: "Bullets" peaked at number 27, "Munich" peaked at number 10, "Blood" peaked at number 18 and "All Sparks" peaked at number 21. The Back Room was nominated for the 2006 Mercury Prize, and was later certified platinum in the UK, and gold in Belgium, Ireland and the Netherlands. It appeared on several album of the year lists by Drowned in Sound, NME and PopMatters and others, and appeared on best of the decade lists by laut.de and OOR.

Background and recording
Editors formed in 2003 during the emergence of the post-punk revival under than name Snowfield; the band consisted of Tom Smith on vocals and guitar, Chris Urbanowicz on guitar, Russel Leetch on bass and Ed Lay on drums. The members met in 2000 at Staffordshire University and ended up living together. Urbanowicz said he had grown tired of guitar-centric music following Britpop and that the members bonded over their love of Is This It (2001) by The Strokes and Asleep in the Back (2001) by Elbow. They could all play instruments and shared similar music tastes so they decided to form a band. They were co-students on a music technology course, which allowed them to use practice rooms and recording studios. After graduating, the band members moved to Birmingham, where they earned money to pay rent and worked on the band. They performed at club shows and recorded demos, and later attracted British record labels.

Between late 2003 and mid-2004, the band played three-to-four showcases per week for interested labels. In late 2004, they signed to Kitchenware Records, which had been recently revived following a period of dormancy. After this, the band changed their name to Editors, which Smith said was "no witty comment on any kind of journalism". In early 2005, the band took a five-week break from touring to record what became their debut studio album, though Smith said it was recorded in around three and a half weeks. Most of the album was recorded at The Chapel, a studio in Lincolnshire, with producer Jim Abbiss, who handled recording alongside Ewan Davis. Loz Brazil recorded "Munich" at Mayfair Studios in London with Abbiss producing. "Bullets" was recorded at The Magic Garden in Wolverhampton with producer Gavin Monaghan. Andy Taylor served as the Pro Tools operator and engineer. Barny Barnicott mixed most of the album at The Pierce Rooms in London, while Cenzo Townshend mixed "Munich" and "Bullets" at Olympic Studios, also in London.

Composition and lyrics
The sound of The Back Room has been described as post-punk revival, gothic rock and indie pop, and was compared to the work of Echo & the Bunnymen—particularly their album Heaven Up Here (1981)—Interpol and their album Antics (2004), and the works of Elbow. Citations for musical style and comparisons:
 * Post-punk revival:
 * Goth rock and indie pop:
 * Echo & the Bunnymen:
 * Heaven Up Here:
 * Elbow:
 * Interpol: Urbanowicz disregarded some of these comparisons, saying Editors' material had already been written before they had "really listened to any of those bands properly". He credited Editors' choice of music to the Walkmen, to whose music they incessantly listened. Smith said, in comparison to their live setting, the album has synthesisers, which give it a dark electronic nuance. musicOMH writer David Turnbull said The Back Room is "characterised by thick, prominent basslines, insistent drums, twinkling guitar and a baritone voice". Starting with "Camera", synthesisers take a prominent role in the album's second half. Urbanowicz attributed the album's aggressive tone to when they were living together and working jobs. The title is taken from a line in "Camera"; Smith considered it the "centre piece" of the album and said while death, love and loss are recurring themes on the album, he intentionally kept the meaning of the songs ambiguous for the listener to interpret for themselves. Leech said R.E.M.'s first two albums Murmur (1983) and Reckoning (1984) were an influence on Smith's lyrical writings.

On "Lights", the album's opening track, the guitarwork switches from strummed jangling to single picked notes, which are enhanced by reverb, evoking the style of the Edge from U2. "Munich" follows the same pattern, and is backed by a drum pattern that resembles the one in "Evil" (2005) by Interpol, along with Smith and Urbanowicz's 'marching' guitars. The album's tempo slows for three of the songs, starting with "Fall". "All Sparks", the chorus of which is reminiscent of the work of Coldplay, is followed by "Camera", which evokes murder ballads of Bauhaus. Discussing the latter track, Smith said: "A photo can make any previous situation look sweeter. Everyone has a place they hide things they don't want people to see." Matthew Butler of Drowned in Sound said the song "becomes almost biblical with its enriching spirit, replete with echoing church vocals and funeral organ sounds". During the up-tempo track "Fingers in the Factories", which talks about being working class, the vocals, guitars and drums synchronise for staccato notes. "Bullets", which recalls the early work of U2, refers to periods in a person's life when situations go awry, including the aftermath of a break-up and unemployment. "Open Your Arms" evokes "40 (2004) by Franz Ferdinand. The album closes with "Distance", an Interpol-esque track.

Release and promotion
Editors' debut single "Bullets" was released on 24 January 2005, with "You Are Fading" and "Dust in the Sunlight". To promote the single, they embarked on their first UK tour the same month. In February 2005, as part of the NME Awards, the band played a one-off show at London Astoria. "Munich" was released as the second single on 18 April 2005; the seven-inch vinyl version included "Disappear" as its B-side. Two versions were released on Compact Disc (CD); the first with "Crawl Down the Wall" and "Colours", while the other includes "Release". "Blood" was released as the album's third single on 11 July 2005; the seven-inch vinyl version includes "Forest Fire" as its B-side. Two versions were released on CD: the first with "Heads in Bags" and a remix of "Blood" by the Freelance Hellraiser, and the second with "Let Your Good Heart Lead You Home".

The Back Room was released on 25 July 2005 through Kitchenware Records. Nick Southall of Stylus Magazine said its artwork is reminiscent of the cover of Turn On the Bright Lights (2002) by Interpol, "only darker, more monochrome". MTV2 was an early supporter of the band, frequently playing the music videos for "Munich" and "Blood". To promote the album, Editors toured throughout the month, following which they performed secret shows in Birmingham and London in August 2005.

Editors then played their debut show in the United States with Maxïmo Park and The Features. "Bullets" was re-released on 26 September 2005; the seven-inch vinyl version includes "Time to Slow Down". Two versions were released on CD: the first with "I Buried the Devil", an alternative version of "Blood" and the music video for "Bullets", while second includes "Come Share the View". The band performed one-off shows in London and Sheffield, and played at London Astoria on 10 October 2005. They supported Franz Ferdinand on their UK tour, then ended the year with a tour of small UK venues alongside The Kooks and Kubichek. On 2 January 2006, "Munich" was re-released; the seven-inch vinyl version includes a demo of "Camera" as its B-side. Two versions were released on CD; the first with "French Disko" and the second with "Find Yourself a Safe Place", a remix of "Munich" and the music video for it, which Mark Thomas directed. They promoted this with a short tour of the US later in the month. Following an appearance at the NME Awards, Editors went on another UK tour in February and March 2006. On 21 March 2006, The Back Room was released in the US.

"All Sparks" was released as the album's fourth single on 27 March 2006; the seven-inch vinyl version includes an acoustic version of "Someone Says" as its B-side. Two versions were released on CD; the first with "The Diplomat" and the second includes "From the Outside", and a remix of "All Sparks" and its music video, which Lee Lennox directed. Editors then embarked on a co-headlining tour of the US with Stellastarr in March and April 2006, and then toured Japan and mainland Europe. In May and June 2006, Editors played a short Ireland-and-UK tour, which ended with a three-date residency at Brixton Academy, London. Following a performance at the Isle of Wight Festival, "Blood" was re-released on 19 June 2006. The 10-inch vinyl version includes a cover of "Road to Nowhere" (1985) by Talking Heads and a remix of "Camera" by Jason Pierce, while the CD edition includes a cover of "Orange Crush" (1988) by R.E.M., a remix of "Camera" by Paul Oakenfold and the music video for "Blood". After an appearance at T in the Park, they went on another US tour in July and August 2006, and then performed at Jersey Live Festival in the Channel Islands in September 2006.

A digipak version of The Back Room that was released in 2005 includes a bonus disc titled "Cuttings" that includes out-takes and B-sides. In 2006, a CD-and-DVD set, which includes footage from a show at Paradiso, Amsterdam, was released in Europe. The Japanese edition, which was released on 23 August 2006, includes "Come Share the View" and "Time to Slow Down" as bonus tracks. The Back Room has been re-pressed on vinyl in 2012, 2018 and 2020. It is included, on CD and vinyl, as part of the box set Unedited (2011) alongside Editors' second studio album An End Has a Start (2007) and third studio album In This Light and on This Evening (2009). "Munich" and "Bullets" are included on the band's first compilation album Black Gold: Best of Editors (2019).

Critical reception
Music critics gave The Back Room generally favourable reviews. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalised rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, the album received an average score of 76, based on 23 reviews.

The album's lyrics drew mixed comments. James Jam of NME said The Back Room "hops from hopelessness to hopefulness, often within the space of a chorus". Robert Christgau, writing for The Village Voice, said as Smith "demonstrates, [the lyrics] needn't be morbid or suicidal. His message is often sanely chin-up." Christian Hoard of Rolling Stone said, however, Smith tends to get "lost in his own gloom-addled mind" while trying to change lyrical direction from a negative to a positive one, and arrives at something between the two. Matt Barnes of This Is Fake DIY said Smith's talents are undercut by his "fondness for a hamfisted lyric" and Mxdwn's M. Burns said they could not connect with the album because of the lyrics' "contrived and abstract nature". According to Turnbull, others were criticising the album's lack of "lyrical dexterity"; he also said Smith would occasionally use "clumsily teenage blotches" such as those in "Camera".

Critics more-positively received Smith's vocals, complimenting his tone. Hoard praised Smith for being "blessed with that peculiarly British ability to sound simultaneously suave and pained", and said on the better tracks, the "give-and-take between Smith's gossamer croon and his band's tensile shimmer can be seductive". Crock said Smith sings in a "forceful but wavering voice", likening him to Interpol's Paul Banks. According to AllMusic reviewer MacKenzie Wilson, Smith's voice is, compared to Banks', "passionate without being too steely". The Guardian writer Betty Clarke said Smith "emit[s] low, dissociated vocals" for most of the album, save for "Fingers in the Factories", where his vocals become "sharper than the stabbing rhythm, rendering even the darkness stunning". Chad Grischow of IGN was impressed Smith's voice had a "deep tone and focused intensity that draws you into the song", saying he listened to it several times before he could focus on anything else. Sputnikmusic staff member DaveyBoy likened Smith's voice to an instrument, which he said is "able to sound sophisticated one moment and anguished the next".

Reviewers had divided opinions on Editors' influences from 1980s acts and comparisons to their contemporaries; some ignored these and called the band's music original. The Irish Times' Sinéad Gleeson wrote the band "plough the same furrow of guitar-flecked morbidity" as Joy Division "but with pop firmly at their heart". Jam compared some of the tracks to the works of Bauhaus and Interpol but noted the greatest influence from Joy Division. Burns considered Editors to be Interpol-soundalikes because they "thrive with tight technique but is missing the darkness and depth of ardor"; Michael Lomas of PopMatters said these comparisons came across as lazy but that "listening to The Back Room, they are undeniable". Pitchfork writer Jason Crock said Editors frequently "imitate bands with dramatic vocalists ... but the best moments on The Back Room aren't the theatrical ones—it's when the four of them are playing and discovering their own chemistry". According to Gleeson, compared to several other acts who were "currently plundering '80s music like a supermarket trolley dash, Editors do it with far more imagination while hawking their own sound".

Commercial performance and accolades
The Back Room peaked at number two in album charts in the UK and Scotland. In the US, it reached number 14 on the Billboard Heatseekers Albums component chart and number 21 on the Billboard Independent Albums component chart. It also charted at number 23 in Ireland, number 30 in the Netherlands, number 53 in the Flanders region of Belgium, number 74 in the Wallonia region of Belgium and number 107 in France. The album was ranked at number 182 on the 2005 year-end album chart in the UK and number 75 on the 2006 iteration. It was certified platinum in the UK, and gold in Belgium, Ireland and the Netherlands. The Back Room was nominated for the 2006 Mercury Prize.

"Bullets" originally charted at number 54 in the UK but after its reissue, it peaked at number 27. "Munich", which originally charted at number 22 in the UK, peaked at number 10 after its re-release. It also reached number 42 in Ireland and number 97 in the Netherlands. The British Phonographic Industry (BPI) certified "Munich" silver in February 2021. "Blood" originally charted at number 18 in the UK but its re-release reached number 39. "All Sparks" charted at number 21 in the UK.

Track listing
All songs written by Tom Smith, Chris Urbanowicz, Russell Leetch and Ed Lay.

Personnel
Personnel per booklet.

Editors
 * Russell Leetch – bass, synthesizer
 * Ed Lay – drums
 * Tom Smith – vocals, guitar
 * Chris Urbanowicz – guitar

Production and design
 * Jim Abbiss – producer (all except track 8), recording (all except track 8)
 * Ewan Davies – recording (all except tracks 2 and 8)
 * Barny Barnicott – mixing (all except tracks 2 and 8)
 * Loz Brazil – recording (track 2)
 * Cenzo Townshend – mixing (tracks 2 and 8)
 * Gavin Monaghan – recording (track 8), producer (track 8)
 * Andy Taylor – Pro Tools operator (track 8), engineer (track 8)
 * Editors – design, art direction
 * The Solution Group – design, art direction
 * Wynn White – front cover, rear photography
 * Ami Barwell – live photography

title: The Back Room (album)


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Pratapgarh, Uttar Pradesh

Pratapgarh, also called Belha or Bela Pratapgarh, is a town and municipality in the state of Uttar Pradesh in India. It is the administrative headquarters of Pratapgarh district, part of the Prayagraj division.

Etymology
Pratapgarh was the name of a fort built by Pratap Bahadur Singh (1628–1682), a local king, at Rampur. Later, the area around the fort started to be known as Pratapgarh.

Demographics
According to the 2011 census, the Pratapgarh urban area had a total population of 91,204, including Bela Pratapgarh's 76,133 and Pratapgarh NP's 15,071, with a total of 46,960 males and 44,244 females.

Religion
Majority in Pratapgarh are followers of Hinduism, with Muslims forming the second largest majority. The town also has significant populations of Christians and Sikhs.

Economy
In 2006, the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Pratapgarh one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640). It is one of the districts of Uttar Pradesh currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).

Primarily, an agragrian district, for a while now, Pratapgarh has risen in ranks as the top producer of Aonla (Amla). The fruit grown here is sold all over India and the world in the form of sweets and medicines.

Bhakti Mandir
Bhakti Mandir is a Hindu temple established by Jagadguru Shri Kripalu Ji Maharaj. It is located in Kunda, Pratapgarh. The temple was inaugurated in November 2005. The temple features life-size deities of Shri Radha-Krishna and Shri Sita-Ram. The temple is managed by Jagadguru Kripalu Parishat.

Bakhshi Talab
This pond is in the Raniganj tehsil of village Hussainpur, which is also known as Pakka Talab or Bakshi Talab. This pond is believed to be before the British era. It is made from cooked lime. It was built by the zamindar (Bakshi Sao). This pond is situated on the Dehlupur Raniganj main road. The water of this pond has not dried up till date and there is a deep well in the middle of the pond, which directly connects this pond with Hades. This is a very big fish in the pond.A separate bath has been made for women to bathe in this pond

Bela Devi Temple
The Belha Devi Temple is one of the important temples, situated in Pratapgarh, on the banks of River Sai on the western side of the Prayagraj-Ayodhya road. Here, Mother Goddess Belha or 'Belha Mai' is worshiped by devotees.

Kisan Devta Mandir
Pratapgarh district has the world's first temple dedicated to farmers, named Kisan Devta Mandir. In this district, farmers are revered as gods. The temple was established by Shailendra Yogi, a homoeopathic doctor, in Sarai Mahesh village of Patti tehsil of Pratapgarh in 2015. The six feet tall idol made of sandstone and holding a plough is accompanied by an idol of Kisan Devi.

Maa Barahi Devi Dham (Chauharjan Devi)
A temple dedicated to Maa Barahi in Pratapgarh. is also known as Chauharjan Devi.

Airport
The nearest airport Prayagraj Airport is at a distance of about 55 kilometres.

Railways
Railway is the main transport form in this district and some junctions are Pratapgarh, Chilbila and Bhupia Mau. Pratapgarh Junction railway station handles 42 trains daily.

Road

 * Prayagraj -Ayodhya Highway (NH-330)
 * Lucknow Varanasi highway (NH-31)
 * Delhupur Raniganj Patti Akbarpur highway (SH-128)
 * Ganga Expressway
 * Prayagraj Unchahar Lucknow Highway

Schools

 * Seth M.R. Jaipuria School, Pratapgarh

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Pratapgarh, Uttar Pradesh


text: Category:People from Santiago de Cuba Province


text: Category:Old age

title: Category:Old age


text: User talk:71.105.69.46

title: User talk:71.105.69.46


text: Category:Bridges completed in 1949

title: Category:Bridges completed in 1949


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Bag Of Treaties

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. - Mailer Diablo 17:54, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

Bag Of Treaties
I am fairly sure that this is a hoax - I can find no reference to such a comic elsewhere on the web, and the content of the article suggests that it is meant to be a humorous piece in and of itself. CapitalLetterBeginning 17:30, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. Put quotation marks around "Bag of Treaties" and you will find nothing relating to the stuff the articles talking about. Delete hoax. — Stevey7788 (talk) 17:57, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, as per Stevey. --GraemeL (talk) 18:17, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete apparent hoax. -- Etacar11   03:45, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete no further comment Groeck 15:30, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Mean length of utterance

Mean length of utterance (or MLU) is a measure of linguistic productivity in children. It is traditionally calculated by collecting 100 utterances spoken by a child and dividing the number of morphemes by the number of utterances. A higher MLU is taken to indicate a higher level of language proficiency. The mean length of utterance (MLU) was proposed by Roger Brown (1973) as a better index for language development in children than age.

Mean length of utterance is a good marker of language impairment. It is the number of words or morphemes in each of their spontaneous utterances. It can be used to benchmark language acquisition and is used to compare language intervention outcomes in children with autism. In testing of children ages 3-9 with diagnoses of autism or autism spectrum disorders and nonverbal IQ scores below 85, results indicated that children with autism persistently scored below the unaffected group without significant improvement in scores concerning mean length of utterance. There may be variability in outcomes due to sampling differences.

A study by Bishop and Adams (1990) suggests that MLU at 4.5 is a good predictor of reading ability at age 8. Nonetheless MLU is considered controversial, and should not be used as the only diagnostic measure of language proficiency in children.

title: Mean length of utterance


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User:Solyoung

My name is Sol Young. It's pronounced Sōl, not Sôl. I'll happily respond to either.

I work for American Reading Company in King of Prussia, PA. I have previous experience at:

- ProQuest

- Ingram Content Group

- iofy

- 4Anything Network

- HearMe / MPlayer.com

title: User:Solyoung


text:
Sound test

A sound test is a function built into the options screen of many video games. This function was originally meant to test whether the game's music and sounds would function correctly (hence the name), as well as giving the player the ability to compare samples played in Monaural, Stereophonic and later Surround sound.

In modern times, most sound tests function mostly as a jukebox to listen to the game's music, sound effects, and voice tracks for enjoyment outside of the game itself. They are sometimes used as a place to enter cheat codes.

Sound test and cheat codes
Some games feature cheat codes related to the sound test. Usually, songs need to be played in a particular order. For instance, in Sonic the Hedgehog 2, it is possible to select levels in this manner.

In some games, a cheat code might be necessary to reach the sound test screen (such as in Sonic the Hedgehog 3), or some other specific method is needed to unlock it, such as "buying" it with earned credit for achievements in-game.

In other games, the sound test is unrelated to cheat codes and is often among the last items to be unlocked. Alternatively, in some games the sound test is available from the beginning, and expands as the player encounters new sounds or music during normal gameplay.

Sound tests in electronic toys
Well-known manufacturers like Hasbro and Mattel have implemented sound testing modes in their electronic handheld games. These are usually activated in manufacture and later discovered by hobbyists. Games such as Bop It, Brain Warp and the Loopz Shifter have a hidden program on which when entered, the toy starts saying random numbers and will advance to the next stage of the test mode when a button is pressed. There are also additional sound test modes which make different sound effects when buttons are pressed.

title: Sound test


text:
Radio Rennes Bretagne

Radio Rennes Bretagne (in Breton: Radio Roazon-Breiz) was a radio station based in Rennes, and the first station to have regular Breton language programming. However, it was not powerful enough to broadcast to the Breton-speaking western parts of the peninsular. From November 1940 to June 1944 the station broadcast bilingual programming by switching over to Radio Paris for one hour each week.

Established under German patronage during World War II, the station was placed under the care of professor Leo Weisgerber, a linguist from Marburg and Sonderführer of the occupying German army. Acquired under the guise of the Breton cause, it became a vehicle for collaborationist ideas.

Roparz Hemon ran the station as Director of Programming. Hemon focused on cultural and intellectual themes, rather than explicitly political issues. Contributors were typically associated with the pre-war journal Gwalarn, which had been set up to promote a literary high culture in Breton. Unlike Radio Paris, Radio Rennes Bretagne never broadcast outright Nazi propaganda. However, racist ideas were subtly inserted into programmes which had high cultural content.

Staff
Management team: Leo Weisgerber (Director); Roparz Hemon (Programming Director); Abeozen, Jean Trécan (Studio Management)

Presenters : Florian Le Roy (French speaker), Abeozen (Breton speaker), André Guellec, Guillaume Berthou, Youenn Drezen, Georges Lemée, Juliette Nizan, Job Jaffré, Yves Levot-Becot, Baillarge, Esnault.

title: Radio Rennes Bretagne


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Aenigmatite

Aenigmatite, also known as cossyrite after Cossyra, the ancient name of Pantelleria, is a sodium, iron, titanium inosilicate mineral. The chemical formula is Na2Fe2+5TiSi6O20 and its structure consists of single tetrahedral chains with a repeat unit of four and complex side branches. It forms brown to black triclinic lamellar crystals. It has Mohs hardness of 5.5 to 6 and specific gravity of 3.74 to 3.85. Aenigmatite forms a solid-solution series with wilkinsonite, Na2Fe2+4Fe3+2Si6O20.

Aenigmatite is primarily found in peralkaline volcanic rocks, pegmatites, and granites as well as silica-poor intrusive rocks. It was first described by August Breithaupt in 1865 for an occurrence in the Ilimaussaq intrusive complex of southwest Greenland. Its name comes from αίνιγμα, the Greek word for "riddle".

It was also reported from the Kaidun meteorite, possibly a Mars meteorite, which landed in March 1980 in South Yemen. Other notable studied occurrences include:
 * Narsaarsuk and elsewhere in Greenland.
 * The Khibiny and Lovozero alkaline massifs on Kola Peninsula, Russia.
 * The Yenisei Range, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia.
 * The volcanic island of Pantelleria, Italy.
 * In the United States, from Granite Mountain, near Little Rock, Pulaski County, Arkansas, and Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, California.
 * In Australia, from Warrumbungle volcano, Nandewar volcano, and the Mount Warning complex, New South Wales; and the Peak Range Province, Queensland.
 * In Canada, from Mount Edziza, the Ilgachuz and Rainbow Range shield complexes.
 * From Logan Point quarry, Dunedin Volcano, New Zealand.

title: Aenigmatite


text: Category:Persian language

title: Category:Persian language


text:
Papineauville

Papineauville is a town and municipality in the Outaouais region of Quebec, Canada. It is the seat of the Papineau Regional County Municipality. In 2001 its population was 2247.

The municipality is bordered on the north side by the Petite-Nation River and on the south side by Pentecost Bay of the Ottawa River.

History
The Parish of Sainte-Angélique was formed in 1851, and the parish municipality with the same name was created in 1855. It was named after Angélique-Louise Cornud, wife of Denis-Benjamin Papineau, who donated land for the construction of the church and the rectory.

Also in 1855, a post office was established with the name Papineauville. This may be named in honour of one of two persons named Papineau: Joseph Papineau (1752–1841), father of Louis-Joseph Papineau, who in 1801 bought the lordship of the Petite-Nation where the town formed; or Denis-Benjamin Papineau (1789–1854), brother of Louis-Joseph and husband of Angélique-Louise, and considered the founder of this place.

In 1896, the Village Municipality of Papineauville separated from Sainte-Angélique. Its first mayor was Henri Bourassa.

On November 29, 2000, the Village Municipality of Papineauville and the Parish Municipality of Sainte-Angélique were reunited and merged into the new Municipality of Papineauville. The name Sainte-Angélique now identifies the sector of Papineauville which corresponds to the territory of the former parish municipality.

On January 1, 2002, about 13 km2 of the Presqu'île Peninsula in the Ottawa River was transferred to the municipality of Plaisance.

Demographics
Mother tongue:
 * English as first language: 2.1%
 * French as first language: 95.2%
 * English and French as first language: 1.4%
 * Other as first language: 1.2%

Local government
List of former mayors:

 * André Blais (2005–2009)
 * Gilles Clément (2009-2013)
 * Christian Beauchamp (2013–2021)
 * Paul-André David (2021–present)

Education
The community is served by the French school board Commission Scolaire au Coeur des Vallees including École secondaire Louis-Joseph Papineau.

title: Papineauville


text: User talk:130.15.188.162

title: User talk:130.15.188.162


text:
Service (album)

Service is the seventh studio album by Yellow Magic Orchestra, released on December 14, 1983. The band dissolved the following year after a world tour, but would later reform in 1993 for a one-off reunion album, Technodon. Like ×∞Multiplies, it contains a mixture of YMO songs and comedy sketches performed by Super Eccentric Theater, or S.E.T. The first Dutch/German edition of the album shortened the sketches to ten-second interludes, effectively cutting the album's length in half. In 1999, the album was remastered under Hosono's supervision with new liner notes provided by lyricist Peter Barakan.

Service features "You've Got to Help Yourself", which was previously featured in instrumental form on the previous album, Naughty Boys Instrumental. The 2nd "S.E.T." track's intro featured Casiopea's song "Time Limit" from their album Mint Jams. "以心電信" more accurately transliterates to "Telegraph from the heart".

Personnel
Yellow Magic Orchestra – arrangements, electronics, mixing engineers, producers
 * Haruomi Hosono – bass guitar, synth bass, keyboards, vocals
 * Ryuichi Sakamoto – keyboards, vocals
 * Yukihiro Takahashi – vocals, electronic drums, cymbals, keyboards

Guest musicians
 * Takeshii Fujii and Akihiko Yamazoe – technical assistance
 * Peter Barakan – lyrics

 * Super Eccentric Theater
 * Yūji Miyake, Hisahiro Ogura, Osamu Hagihashi, Daisuke Yamazaki, Kōichi Nagata, Etsuyo Mitani, Keiko Ishii & Akemi Imamura – counterparts

Staff
 * Mitsuo Koike – recording and mixing engineer
 * Akitsugu Doi – assistant engineer
 * Teppei Kasai (CBS/Sony Shinanomachi Studio) – mastering engineer
 * Tsuguya Inoue – art director, painting
 * Beans – design

title: Service (album)


text:
Alec K. Redfearn

Alec K Redfearn is a musician and composer based in Providence, Rhode Island. He has composed music for dance, theater, and film. His primary instrument is the accordion. Most notable is his body of compositional work for The Eyesores, a genre-bending ensemble of unorthodox instrumentation which spawned in the mid-1990s and whose music spans old-time Americana, Appalachian, folk and Eastern European music.

He composed the soundtrack for, and had a small acting role in, the 2004 film, Stay Until Tomorrow, by Providence-based director, Laura Colella. In 2005 he was awarded the MacColl Johnson Fellowship from the Rhode Island Foundation.

He has also developed a unique style of playing the accordion, introducing elements commonly associated with the guitar such as distortion, drone, and noise. He has performed on accordion and recorded in several ensembles of which he also composes for, such as Amoebic Ensemble, Barnacled, and Beat Circus.

Albums
Alec K. Redfearn and the Seizures
 * Exterminating Angel (Corleone Records, 2009)

Alec K. Redfearn and the Eyesores
 * The Eyesores (Self-released, 1998)
 * May You Dine on Weeds Made Bitter By the Piss of Drunkards (Magic Eye Singles, 1999)
 * Bent at the Waist (Handsome Records, 2002)
 * Every Man For Himself and God Against All (Corleone Records, 2003)
 * The Quiet Room (Cuneiform Records, 2005)
 * The Smother Party (North East Indie Records, 2006)
 * The Blind Spot (Cuneiform Records, 2007)
 * Sister Death (Cuneiform Records, 2012)
 * The Opposite (Cuneiform Records, 2018)

Beat Circus
 * Ringleaders Revolt (Innova Records, 2004)
 * Dreamland (Cuneiform Records, 2008)

Barnacled
 * 6 (Corleone Records, 2003)
 * Table 12 (7 inch single, White Denim Records, 2004)
 * Charles (ESP-Disk, 2008)

Amoebic Ensemble
 * Space Heater EP (QORQ Productions, 1991)
 * Amoebic Ensemble EP (QORQ Productions, 1993)
 * Driving Music EP (Simply Indefensible, 1994)
 * Road to World Domination (Simply Indefensible, 1995)
 * Limbic Rage (1995)
 * Radio Free Amoebica (Simply Indefensible, 1996)
 * Amoebiasis (Stupeur Et Trompette, 1998)

title: Alec K. Redfearn


text:
Partbook

A partbook is a format for printing or copying music in which each book contains the part for a single voice or instrument, especially popular during the Renaissance and Baroque. This format contrasts with the large choirbook, which included all of the voice parts and could be shared by an entire choir. The choirbook still followed the convention to notate the parts separately, but within a double page, likewise part books were arranged that they show the one extract of the composition on the same page.

The production of partbooks appears to have been a cost-cutting measure, as large-scale printing was much more expensive. For example, by 1529, King's College, Cambridge had replaced almost all of its choirbooks with partbooks. The reduced cost also allowed each performer to have his own copy, and partbooks were more portable than a choirbook. They were, however, flimsy, and originals do not survive in large numbers.

Choral scores completely replaced individual vocal parts during the 19th century. While instruments continue to use parts for ease of page turning, these are rarely bound into "books" and are no longer so called.

title: Partbook


text:
PENTTBOM

PENTTBOM (sometimes referred to as PENTTBOMB ) is the codename for the Federal Bureau of Investigation's probe into the September 11 attacks of 2001, the largest criminal inquiry in the FBI's history. Its name stands for "Pentagon/Twin Towers Bombing Investigation". The investigation was launched on September 11, 2001, and involved 4,000 special agents and 3,000 professional employees.

Identifying the hijackers
The FBI was able to identify the 19 hijackers within a matter of days as few suspects made any effort to conceal their names on flight, credit card, and other records.

Identical letters
Three of the hijackers carried copies of an identical handwritten letter (in Arabic) that was found in three separate locations: the first, in a suitcase of hijacker Mohamed Atta that did not make the connection to American Airlines Flight 11 that crashed into the North Tower of the World Trade Center; the second, in a vehicle parked at Washington Dulles International Airport that belonged to hijacker Nawaf al-Hazmi; and the third at the crash site of United Airlines Flight 93 in Shanksville, Pennsylvania.

According to the testimony before the House Intelligence Subcommittee on Terrorism and Homeland Defense on October 3, 2001, given by J. T. Caruso, the Deputy Assistant Director of the FBI's Counterterrorism Division, "translations of the letter indicate an alarming willingness to die on the part of the hijackers."

Passports recovered
According to testimony by Susan Ginsberg, a staff member of the National Commission on Terrorist attacks upon the United States, in the January 26, 2004, Public Hearing:
 * Four of the hijackers' passports have survived in whole or in part. Two were recovered from the crash site of United Airlines flight 93 in Pennsylvania. These are the passports of Ziad Jarrah and Saeed al Ghamdi. One belonged to a hijacker on American Airlines flight 11. This is the passport of Satam al Suqami. A passerby picked it up and gave it to a NYPD detective shortly before the World Trade Center towers collapsed. A fourth passport was recovered from luggage that did not make it from a Portland flight to Boston on to the connecting flight which was American Airlines Flight 11. This is the passport of Abdulaziz al-Omari.
 * In addition to these four, some digital copies of the hijackers passports were recovered in post-9/11 operations. Two of the passports that have survived, those of Satam al-Suqami and Abdulaziz al-Omari, were clearly doctored. These passports were manipulated in a fraudulent manner in ways that have been associated with al Qaeda.

WTC site
The passport of hijacker Satam al-Suqami was found a few blocks from the World Trade Center.

Flight 93
According to the 9/11 Commission, the passports of two of the Flight 93 hijackers were also found intact in the aircraft's debris field.

Atta's luggage
The doctored passport of hijacker Abdulaziz al-Omari was found in Mohamed Atta's left-behind luggage.

When examining Mohamed Atta's luggage, the FBI found important clues about the hijackers and their plans. His luggage contained papers that revealed the identity of all 19 hijackers, and provided information about their plans, motives, and backgrounds. The FBI was able to determine details such as dates of birth, known and/or possible residences, visa statuses, and specific identities of the suspected pilots. None of these documents have been scrutinized by independent legal experts.

Linking the hijackers to al-Qaeda
The investigators were quickly able to link the 19 men to the terrorist organization al-Qaeda, by accessing their intelligence agency files. The New York Times reported on September 12 that: "Authorities said they had also identified accomplices in several cities who had helped plan and execute Tuesday's attacks. Officials said they knew who these people were and important biographical details about many of them. They prepared biographies of each identified member of the hijack teams, and began tracing the recent movements of the men." FBI agents in Florida investigating the hijackers quickly "descended on flight schools, neighborhoods and restaurants in pursuit of leads." At one flight school, "students said investigators were there within hours of Tuesday's attacks." The Washington Post later reported that "In the hours after Tuesday's bombings, investigators searched their files on [Satam] Al Suqami and [Ahmed] Alghamdi, noted the pair's ties to [Nabil] al-Marabh and launched a hunt for him."

On September 27, 2001, the FBI released photos of the 19 hijackers, along with information about the possible nationalities and aliases of many.

On the day of the attacks, U.S. intelligence agencies also intercepted communications that pointed to Osama bin Laden. It was quickly asserted that Osama bin Laden was responsible for the attacks, and other suspects were ruled out. Although he denied the attacks at first, Osama bin Laden later admitted full and sole responsibility for the attacks in a video tape.

Press releases

 * September 11, 2001: FBI opens investigations
 * September 14: FBI releases list of 9/11 hijacker suspects
 * September 27: FBI releases photographs of 9/11 hijacker suspects
 * September 28: FBI releases four-page letter believed to be written by the hijackers
 * October 4: FBI releases partial timeline for Boston-based hijackers

title: PENTTBOM


text: User talk:70.194.33.81

title: User talk:70.194.33.81


text:
Douglass High School (Atlanta)

Frederick Douglass High School is a public school located in northwest Atlanta, Georgia, United States, bordering the Collier Heights and Center Hill communities.

History
Since 1968, Frederick Douglass High School has served the communities of historic Collier Heights, Peyton Forest, Cascade Heights, Center Hill, and the city of Atlanta. Atlanta Public Schools established Douglass High School to relieve overcrowding at nearby Harper, Turner and West Fulton High Schools. All three of these (as well as the defunct Archer High School) eventually merged with Douglass.

From 2002 to 2004 the school was renovated to update the main building and to add a gymnasium and an auditorium. These buildings honor former principals Lester W. Butts and Samuel L. Hill. In 2009, Frederick Douglass High School was listed in the National Historic Registry as one of the buildings in "The Collier Heights Historic District: Atlanta's Premier African American Suburb".

Academics
Douglass High School is made up of several small learning communities:
 * CFEAT - Center for Engineering and Applied Technology
 * C&J - Communications and Journalism
 * HTM - Center for Hospitality, Tourism, and Marketing
 * B&E - Center for Business and Entrepreneurship
 * 9th Grade STEAM Academy

Feeder patterns
Elementary schools feeding Douglass are Harper-Archer Elementary, Usher-Collier Elementary, Scott Elementary, Boyd Elementary FL Stanton Elementary, Woodson Park Academy, and John Lewis Invictus Academy Middle Schools.

Athletics

Douglass High School competes in the Georgia High School Association Region 6, the state's second-highest classification of 4A. The school's team are known as the Astros, and its colours are black and gold.

The sports available for the competition are softball, varsity and junior varsity football, girls flag football, swimming, wrestling, tennis, cross country, varsity and junior varsity girls' and boys' basketball, track and field, boys' and girls' soccer, golf, and air rifle. All home varsity football games are played at Lakewood Stadium.

The boys' basketball program has won the state championship once, in 1984. However, the team has reached the final four 17 times (1970, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1980, 1984, 1987, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1999, 2022), and has captured 27 regional championships (1970–1985, 1987–1991, 1993, 1994, 1999, 2008). They have played in the finals seven times (1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1984, 1991). Douglass' dominance was achieved under two coaches, Donald Dollar (1971–1991) and Jesse Bonner (1992–2000). The current coach is Darren Rogers Jr.

The girls' basketball team has reached the state final four three times. They have won the state championship twice in 2019 and 2020. Both achieved under coach Alana Allen. The current coach is Morgan Jennings.

The football team has reached the state finals once (1975), and has sent numerous athletes to college on scholarships. They have won five regional championships, in 1975, 1978, 1995, 1998 and 2004. The current coach is Stanley Prichett.

Douglass has three tennis courts to accommodate their varsity tennis team. Students are encouraged to join whether they are beginners or avid players.

The girls' track and field team won the state championship title in 1993 and the boys' track team won the state crown in 1994. The boys' track team also won the 4x400 state title and finished second in state in 2008.

Other championships
Since 1993, the school has been a participant in the Stock Market Game, sponsored by the Georgia Council on Economic Education. In spring 2000, it became the first and only predominantly black high school in the Atlanta Public School System to win the state championship. Team Coach and Sponsor Jill Dockett Beracki is a graduate of the high school. On May 7, 2010, Douglass' team, led by captain Brandon Dykes, won the National Championship sponsored by the SIFMA Foundation for Investor Education. The five-member team, Beracki, and Dr. Martin of the Georgia Council on Economic Education were flown to Washington, D.C. to attend an awards ceremony at the Capitol. They were honored by Congressman John Lewis. Beracki had taught at Douglass for 26 years.

Marching Astros
Douglass' Marching Astros Band has competed in the annual Original Battle of the Bands Showcase and in jamborees locally and out of state. They have been highly televised and voted the #1 band in the Atlanta Public School District in the 2017-18 season. They also appear in parades and perform at events including by invitation. V.H. Moody, the former band director, was the longest working band director in Atlanta Public Schools. The current band director is Micah Wynn.

The band has made trips to Philadelphia, Nashville, Florida, Bermuda, Magic City Classic, the Florida Classic in Orlando, and to the nation's second largest St. Patrick's Day parade, in Savannah. They were invited to perform at the New England Patriots' halftime show and selected members performed at the Super Bowl XXXIII halftime show. The percussion section, known as DDD (Douglass Deadly Drummers), have been featured on television, opening show for nationally televised games, and performing for known celebrities and government officials. In 2005, DDD won the First City and Statewide Drumline Competition, first place in APS and third place in State, bringing home the first cash prize and trophy for a single performance. The Douglass Deadly Drummers won a drumline competition against Osborne High School on September 17, 2011.

In 2017 The band also received first place at the Annual High stepping nationals competition in North Carolina and also placed first in ; Auxiliary, Music, And also Best drum major. They also marched in two Mardi Gras parades (Thoth & Rex) thanks to tuba section leader Stephon Wheeler who reached out to artist and alumni Killer Mike, Lil Jon and T.I who all contributed funds and helped fundraise for the trip.

 “Where there is no struggle, there is no progress”

Band director Micah Wynn along with Stephon and drum major Joshua Koonce were interviewed by The Atlanta Journal-Constitution and WGCL-TV (cbs 46) making the public aware of their efforts to get the band to New Orleans.

Notable alumni
{{alum/start {{Alum|name=Ricky Byrdsong|year=1974|nota=Former Northwestern University basketball coach; the Ricky Byrdsong Foundation was started after his death by his wife, Sherialyn Byrdsong|ref= }} {{Alum|name=Wayne Williams|year=1976|nota=Convicted murderer and suspected serial killer in The Atlanta Child Murders |ref= }} {{Alum|name=Milton Campbell|year=1994|nota=Track athlete, record holder for the indoor 4x400 meters relay|ref= }} {{Alum|name=Ahmad Carroll |year=2001|nota=Green Bay Packers, Jacksonville Jaguars, Orlando Predators, and New York Jets cornerback|ref= }} {{Alum|name=James Davis|year=2005|nota=Tailback for the Washington Redskins|ref= }} {{Alum|name=Harold Ellis|year=1988|nota=Played for the Los Angeles Clippers and Denver Nuggets; Atlanta Hawks scout|ref= }} {{Alum|name=Sonny Emory|year=1980|nota=Musician, composer, producer, and professor|ref= }} {{Alum|name=Jarvis Hayes|year=1999|nota=New Jersey Nets, Detroit Pistons, Washington Wizards|ref= }} {{Alum|name=Robert Hicks|year=1993|nota=Washington Redskins, Atlanta Falcons, Oakland Raiders, Buffalo Bills|ref= }} {{Alum|name=Dexter Scott King|year=1979|nota=Actor, documentary filmmaker and civil rights activist; second son of civil rights leader Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.|ref= }} {{Alum|name=Killer Mike|year=1993|nota=Rapper |ref= }} {{Alum|name=Kilo Ali|year=1991|nota=Rapper|ref={{Citation needed|date=January 2009}}}} {{Alum|name=Bernice King|year=1982|nota=Attorney, author, orator, minister; daughter of Dr. King, Jr|ref= }} {{Alum|name=Jamal Lewis|year=1997|nota=Baltimore Ravens, Cleveland Browns|ref= }} {{Alum|name=Lil Jon|year=1988|nota=Rapper and producer|ref= }} {{Alum|name=Finesse Mitchell|year=1990|nota=Actor, Saturday Night Live, 2003-2006|ref= }} {{Alum|name=Chris Morris |year=1984|nota=New Jersey Nets|ref= }} {{Alum|name=Bobby Olive |year=1987|nota=Kansas City Chiefs, Indianapolis Colts, Hamilton Tiger-Cats, Buffalo Destroyers, Carolina Cobras, and Columbus Destroyers wide receiver|ref= }} {{Alum|name=Stanley Pritchett|year=1992|nota=Atlanta Falcons, Miami Dolphins|ref= }} {{Alum|name=Pill |year=2003|nota=Rapper|ref= }} {{Alum|name=Leslie C. Smith|year=1982|nota=Major General, United States Army|ref={{Citation needed|date=August 2013}}}} {{Alum|name=T.I.|year=NA|nota=Rapper, actor|ref= }} {{Alum|name=Unk|year=2000|nota=Rapper|ref={{Citation needed|date=January 2009}}}} {{Alum|name= Keisha Lance Bottoms|year=1987|nota=60th Mayor of Atlanta. Assumed office in 2018.| {{Citation needed|date=January 2, 2017}} {{Alum|name= {{!}}year=2019{{!}}nota=Known Person}} }}
 * ilist=
 * alist=

title: Douglass High School (Atlanta)


text:
User talk:Chachka

Welcome
Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Karmafist 17:40, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
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Vandalism
Do not change votes on AFD nor add personal insults. If you continue, you will be blocked. Evil Monkey∴Hello 10:34, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

Personal Attacks
In this edit, you restored a personal attack that had previously been removed from a thread of discussion. According to the Wikipedia policy on personal attacks, removal of personal attacks is valid, and restoration can be construed as endorsement of the attack.

In the same edit, you removed a user's keep vote, and someone's sockpuppet comment. Please do not remove comments of any sort from these pages. If the user's vote was not a sockpuppet vote, that will be proven in due course by a Developer.

In this edit, you openly endorsed the previous insult. That kind of behaviour is not acceptable.

In this edit, you made a further personal attack. Again, this is not acceptable. In this edit, you removed your previous insult, but added another further down the page. In the same edit, you ask a user to "stop censoring comments", when in fact, as I mentioned above, removal of personal attacks is part of Wikipedia policy.

I will be submitting this evidence to various administrators, who will then decide what action is to be taken. I will be recommending a short block. Wikipedia is not an anarchy, and we do not put up with people attempting to turn our discussions into slanging matches. Rob Church Talk 10:53, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I've reviewed the information above and have blocked you from editing Wikipedia for 24 hours. Please do not make personal attacks, harass other users, or interfere with the deletion process. If you wish to make useful contributions, you are welcome to come back after the block expires. --MarkSweep✍ 11:00, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

Recreating articles
Please respect the community consensus and do not recreate articles deleted by a AfD. If you persist, you will be blocked for 48 hours, since you were already warned not to interfere with the deletion process. --khaosworks (talk • contribs) 11:03, 11 September 2005 (UTC)

ANTS Software
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! We welcome and appreciate your contributions, such as ANTS Software, but we regretfully cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from either web sites or printed material. For more information about Wikipedia's policies and guidelines, take a look at our Five Pillars. Happy editing! DES (talk) 05:59, 12 September 2005 (UTC)

As indicated above, you have been blocked for 48 hours for recreating a deleted article. --khaosworks (talk • contribs) 06:08, 12 September 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Chachka


text:
Partimen

The partimen (partiment ; also known as partia or joc partit) is a cognate form of the French jeu-parti (plural jeux-partis). It is a genre of Occitan lyric poetry composed between two troubadours, a subgenre of the tenso or cobla exchange in which one poet presents a dilemma in the form of a question and the two debate the answer, each taking up a different side. Of the nearly 200 surviving Occitan debate songs, 120 are partimens and 75 are open tensos. The partimen was especially popular in poetic contests. See also Torneyamen.

title: Partimen


text:
Thurso, Quebec

Thurso is a city in Papineau Regional County Municipality in the Outaouais region of western Quebec, Canada. It is located opposite Clarence, Ontario on the Ottawa River, and is within Canada's National Capital Region. Its population was 3,084 as of the 2021 Canadian Census.

History
In 1807, a group of Scots settled in the southern part of the Blanche River valley, in the township known at the time as Lochaber Gore. They came from Thurso in Scotland, as well as from the Highlands, near Lochaber and other parts of northern Scotland. In 1830, Irish immigrants arrived, followed by French Canadians around 1840.

In 1822, a Baptist Church was established, and in 1853, the post office opened, causing a controversy: the Catholic community suggested naming it Fraserville, while the Scottish community favored Cameron, because most were from this clan. The postmaster settled on the name Thurso, since there already was a place called Fraserville in Canada. In 1886, the town was incorporated as a village municipality, which was followed by the establishment of the religious and civil parish the next year.

Starting in 1850, Thurso became an important centre of the wood industry. In 1929, the Singer Manufacturing Co. opened a sewing machine plant there. Around the same time construction began on a 90 km long railroad for the transportation of lumber from the interior (which closed in 1986 ). In 1956, the paper mill opened.

In 1963, Thurso changed its statutes and became a ville (town/city).

Earthquakes
An earthquake with a magnitude of 4.5 was centred north in Thurso at 8:39 pm, on February 24, 2006. Another earthquake with a magnitude of 4.1 was centred in Thurso at 3:39pm on September 18, 2006.

Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Thurso had a population of $3,084$ living in $1,421$ of its $1,510$ total private dwellings, a change of NaN% from its 2016 population of $2,818$. With a land area of 6.65 km2, it had a population density of in 2021.

Mother tongue:
 * English as first language: 2.9%
 * French as first language: 94.0%
 * English and French as first language: 1.8%
 * Other as first language: 0.8%

Economy
Thurso is known for the unpleasant odour emanating from its paper mill, which originates from the burning of chemical residue when the pulp is manufactured and the smell was there well before the retaining basin was built. Fortress Paper employs 335 people in Thurso to produce 250,000 tonnes of hardwood kraft market pulp. However, the company had financial difficulties and led to its operations temporarily being shut down in 2006 and again for an eight-week period in 2009.

The Lauzon sawmill was another major employer for the community, but its building was destroyed by a fire on March 8, 2007, putting 100 workers temporarily out of work. However, plans for relaunching the production activity started shortly after the event.

Thurso's only bar/hotel, Hotel Lafontaine, burned twice in 2009, once in February and again a month later, with the latter fire resulting in complete destruction. In 2010, Hotel Lafontaine reopened just beside its previous location.

Infrastructure
Thurso's main access roads are currently Route 148 (running west–east) and Route 317 (running south–north). Autoroute 50, approximately 3 km north of Thurso along Route 317 complements Route 148 as Thurso's second connection to Gatineau and Ottawa. The Quebec Gatineau Railway provides rail freight transport.

A seasonal ferry operates between Thurso and Clarence-Rockland, Ontario.

Notable people
Hockey legend Guy Lafleur was born in Thurso and has an arena and street named after him.

Bill Clement, another NHL player who went on to become a well-known hockey commentator, also came from Thurso during the same time period as Lafleur.

Gerry Monaghan, former MPP for Sudbury provincial electoral district.

title: Thurso, Quebec


text:
Talk:Todd Cameron Smith

Untitled
Is this article unavailable in Canada then? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.153.39.142 (talk • contribs)
 * It is available in Canada (I am looking at it right now). In practice, it is impossible for Canadian courts to enforce their decisions in foreign countries, where the Wikiepdia servers are. UnHoly 18:26, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

Merge Discussion
In my view, this article should be merged into W. R. Myers High School shooting because he is only Wikipedia-notable for that event and because the effect of the Canadian privacy law is to lower his profile. Official policy requires us to exercise particular care for living persons (yes even for convicted criminals). WP:BLP Canuckle 16:32, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Todd Cameron Smith


text:
Talk:Ashia Hansen

Nationality
Given that Hansen was in Brum from 3 months old she should clearly be cat as a native, SqueakBox 17:43, August 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * Per her IAAF biography she came to the UK (London, not Birmingham) aged six years.

 * 1) Even three months would not be "native"; that means "born in".
 * 2) London, not Birmingham, in any case, when she did come to the UK.

Please stop the vadalism. Tonywalton | Talk 15:15, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

What vandalism? there has been none. Stop maliciously accusing someone of vandalism when no vandalism has occurred. And yes at 3 months old would imply being a native, SqueakBox 16:10, August 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * There's no "implication" here - it's a statement of fact, and an erroneous one. Please check on what "native" actually means; it does not mean "brought up in" or "lives in", neither of which apply in this case anyway. As for "malicious accusations of vandalism", I suggest you think about what repeated reversion to a falsehood in this article (plus, unaccountable, adding "Bill Oddie" to it) looks like. Regards Tonywalton [[Image:Pentacle_1.svg|15px]] | Talk 16:48, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

I repeat, stop making false and what now seem to be entirely malicious claims of vandalism. no vandalism has occurred. you are acting like the classic POV warrior accusing others of vandalsim who disagree with their POV. Desist, pereferably apologise, and don't make false claims of vandalism again or you will get into trouble as such behaviour is not tolerated here at wikipedia, SqueakBox 16:53, August 23, 2005 (UTC)

Your definitioon of native is wrong, IMO, and I am not alone. The Bill Oddie insertion was a clear mistake, not vandalism, SqueakBox 16:53, August 23, 2005 (UTC)

 * Dear me, you do seem to be an excitable chap.
 * "IMO" is an ironic constuction to use for someone accusing me of holding a POV, I should have said. However my "POV" on the meaning of "native" is sourced from Merriam-Webster's dictionary, Chambers' 20th Century dictionary and, ironically, Wiktionary. Chambers does mention one's "upbringing"; I concede that point, however since we're talking about someone who didn't even move to the UK until they were past 6 years old, and even that wasn't to Birmingham, I still consider that adding this cat would be a factual inaccuracy, Where, apart from what you yourself freely state to be your opinion, is a reference to the contrary? 81.135.210.96 17:52, 23 August 2005 (UTC) Tonywalton [[Image:Pentacle_1.svg|15px]] | Talk 17:53, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

I am not arguing for its reinsertion. I was wtrong. I was not vandalising, SqueakBox 17:57, August 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * That's all right then. Tonywalton [[Image:Pentacle_1.svg|15px]] | Talk 18:04, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Ashia Hansen


text:
Wikipedia:Harassment

Harassment is a pattern of repeated offensive behavior that appears to a reasonable observer to intentionally target a specific person or persons. Usually, the purpose is to make the target feel threatened or intimidated, and the outcome may be to make editing Wikipedia unpleasant for the target, to undermine, frighten, or discourage them from editing.

Wikipedia must never be misused to harass anyone, whether or not the subject of the harassment is an editor here. Edits constituting harassment will be reverted, deleted, or suppressed, as appropriate, and editors who engage in harassment are subject to blocking and banning.

Harassment can include actions calculated to be noticed by the target and clearly suggestive of targeting them, even when no direct communication takes place.

Types of harassment and disruption
Harassment, including threats, intimidation, repeated annoying and unwanted contact or attention, and repeated personal attacks may reduce an editor's enjoyment of Wikipedia and thus cause disruption to the project. Harassment of an editor on the basis of race, sex, gender identity, sexual orientation, age, religious or political beliefs, disability, ethnicity, nationality, etc. is not allowed.

The prohibition against harassment applies equally to all Wikipedians. It is as unacceptable to harass a user with a history of inept or disruptive behavior as it is to harass any other user. Wikipedia encourages a civil community: people make mistakes, but they are encouraged to learn from them and change their ways. Harassment is contrary to this spirit and damaging to the work of building an encyclopedia.

Hounding
Hounding on Wikipedia (or "wikihounding") is the singling out of one or more editors, joining discussions on multiple pages or topics they may edit or multiple debates where they contribute, to repeatedly confront or inhibit their work. This is with an apparent aim of creating irritation, annoyance, or distress to the other editor. Hounding usually involves following the target from place to place on Wikipedia.

Many users track other users' edits, although usually for collegial or administrative purposes. This should always be done with care, and with good cause, to avoid raising the suspicion that an editor's contributions are being followed to cause them distress, or out of revenge for a perceived slight. Correct use of an editor's history includes (but is not limited to) fixing unambiguous errors or violations of Wikipedia policy, or correcting related problems on multiple articles. In fact, such practices are recommended both for Recent changes patrol and WikiProject Spam. The contribution logs can be used in the dispute resolution process to gather evidence to be presented in incidents and arbitration cases. Using dispute resolution can itself constitute hounding if it involves persistently making frivolous or meritless complaints about another editor.

The important component of hounding is disruption to another user's own enjoyment of editing, or disruption to the project generally, for no overridingly constructive reason. Even if the individual edits themselves are not disruptive per se, "following another user around", if done to cause distress, or if accompanied by tendentiousness, personal attacks, or other disruptive behavior, may become a very serious matter and could result in blocks and other editing restrictions.

Threats
Threatening another person is considered harassment. This includes any real-world threats, such as threats of harm, and threats to disrupt a person's work on Wikipedia. Statements of intent to properly use normal Wikipedia processes, such as dispute resolution, are not threats. Legal threats are a special case of threat, with their own settled policy. Users who make legal threats will typically be blocked from editing indefinitely.

Perceived legal threats
Wikipedia has a policy of blocking users who post legal threats on Wikipedia against other editors. It is important not to post comments that others may reasonably interpret as a legal threat; words such as libelous or defamatory are best avoided for that reason. In handling apparent legal threats, users should seek to clarify the poster's intention, explain the policy, and ask them to remove the threat. That users are involved in a legal dispute with each other is not a reason to block, so long as no legal threats are posted on Wikipedia.

Posting of personal information
Posting another editor's personal information is harassment, unless that person has voluntarily posted their own information, or links to such information, on Wikipedia. Personal information includes real-life name, date of birth, identification numbers, home or workplace address, job title and work organisation, telephone number, email address, profiles on external sites, other contact information, or photograph, whether such information is accurate or not. Posting such information about another editor is an unjustifiable and uninvited invasion of privacy and may place that editor at risk of harm outside their activities on Wikipedia. Unless unintentional and non-malicious (for example, where Wikipedians know each other off-site and may inadvertently post personal information, such as using the other person's real name in discussions), attempted outing is sufficient grounds for an immediate block. This applies to the personal information of both editors and non-editors.

How to deal with personal information
If you have accidentally posted anything that might lead to you being outed (including but not limited to inadvertently editing while logged out, which reveals your IP address, and thus, your approximate location), it is important that you act promptly to have the edit(s) oversighted. Do not otherwise draw attention to the information. Referring to still-existing, self-disclosed posted information is not considered outing, and so the failure of an editor to have the information redacted in a timely manner may remove it from protection by this policy. Further information about protecting private information is at Personal security practices, On privacy, and How to not get outed on Wikipedia.

Any edit that "outs" someone must be reverted promptly, followed by a request for oversight to delete that edit from Wikipedia. Any administrator may redact it pending oversight, even when the administrator is involved. If an editor has previously posted their own personal information but later redacted it, it should not be repeated on Wikipedia, although references to still-existing, self-disclosed information are not considered outing. If the previously posted information has been removed by oversight, then repeating it on Wikipedia is considered outing.

If you see an editor post personal information about another person, do not confirm or deny the accuracy of the information. Doing so would give the person posting the information, and anyone else who saw the page, feedback on the accuracy of the material. For the same reason, do not treat incorrect attempts at outing any differently from correct attempts. When reporting an attempted outing take care not to comment on the accuracy of the information. Outing should usually be described as "an attempted outing" or similar, to make it clear that the information may or may not be true, and it should be made clear to the users blocked for outing that the block log and notice does not confirm the information.

The fact that an editor has posted personal information or edits under their own name, making them easily identifiable through online searches, is not an excuse to post the results of "opposition research". Dredging up their off-site opinions to repeatedly challenge their edits can be a form of harassment, just as doing so regarding their past edits on other Wikipedia articles may be. Threats to out an editor will be treated as a personal attack and are prohibited.

Exceptions
Nothing in this policy prohibits the emailing of personal information about editors to individual administrators, functionaries, or arbitrators, or to the Wikimedia Foundation, when doing so is necessary to report violations of confidentiality-sensitive policies (such as conflict of interest or paid editing, harassment, or violations of the child-protection policy). Only the minimum information necessary should be conveyed and the minimum number of people contacted. Editors are warned, however, that the community has rejected the idea that editors should "investigate" each other. Posting such information on Wikipedia violates this policy.

Posting links to other accounts on other websites is allowable in specific situations (but see also Linking to external harassment):
 * 1) There are job posting sites where employers publicly post advertisements to recruit paid Wikipedia editors. Linking to such an ad in a forum such as the Conflict of interest noticeboard is not a violation of this policy.
 * 2) If individuals have identified themselves without redacting or having it oversighted, such information can be used for discussions of conflict of interest (COI) in appropriate forums.
 * 3) If redacted or oversighted personally identifying material is important to the COI discussion, then it should be emailed privately to an administrator or arbitrator—but not repeated on Wikipedia: it will be sufficient to say that the editor in question has a COI and the information has been emailed to the appropriate administrative authority.
 * 4) To combat impersonation (an editor claiming falsely to be a particular person), it is permissible to post or link to disavowals from that person, provided that the person has explicitly and in good faith given their consent, and provided that there is a high degree of confidence in the authenticity of the source.

Issues involving private personal information (of anyone) could also be referred by email to a member of the functionaries team. While in the limited circumstances outlined above, links to external websites containing solicitations to edit Wikipedia may be posted on Wikipedia to demonstrate that there may be conflict of interest editing, links to personal profiles on external sites should not be connected to any specific Wikipedia editor unless that editor discloses it themselves.

Private correspondence
There is no community consensus regarding the posting of private off-wiki correspondence. The Wikipedia Arbitration Committee has stated a principle that "In the absence of permission from the author (including of any included prior correspondence), the contents of private correspondence, including e-mails, should not be posted on-wiki" and in a second principle that "Any uninvolved administrator may remove private correspondence that has been posted without the consent of any of the creators. Such material should instead be sent directly to the Committee." See related rejected proposals Private correspondence, Correspondence off-wiki and Confidential evidence.

User space harassment
A common problem is harassment in userspace. Examples include placing numerous false or questionable "warnings" on a user's talk page, restoring such comments after a user has removed them, placing "suspected sockpuppet" and similar tags on the user page of active contributors, and otherwise trying to display material the user may find annoying or embarrassing in their user space.

User pages are provided so that editors can provide some general information about themselves and user talk pages are to facilitate communication. Neither is intended as a 'wall of shame' and should not be used to display supposed problems with the user unless the account has been blocked as a result of those issues. Any sort of content which truly needs to be displayed, or removed, should be immediately brought to the attention of admins rather than edit warring to enforce your views on the content of someone else's user space.

Off-wiki harassment
Inappropriate or unwanted public or private communication, following, or any form of hounding, when directed at another editor, violates the harassment policy. Off-wiki harassment, including through the use of external links, will be regarded as an aggravating factor by administrators and is admissible evidence in the dispute-resolution process, including Arbitration cases. In some cases, evidence should be submitted by private email. As is the case with on-wiki harassment, off-wiki harassment can be grounds for blocking, and in extreme cases, banning.

Editors who welcome private communication typically post their preferred contact information on Wikipedia, sometimes enabling email through the Wikipedia interface. Contacting an editor using any other contact information, without first obtaining explicit permission, should be assumed to be uninvited and, depending on the context, may be harassment. Never contact another editor in this way as part of a dispute, or when the editor has asked not to be contacted that way. Unexpected contact using personal information as described above in Posting of personal information may be perceived as a threat to the safety and well-being of the person being contacted. Users who experience inappropriate off-wiki contact should report occurrences privately to the Arbitration Committee or to the emergency response team.

Harassing those outside of the editing community
In alignment with the protection of editors from harassment described throughout the rest of this policy, edits that harass living or recently deceased people who are not members of the Wikipedia community are also prohibited. Per the oversight policy, harassing content will be deleted or suppressed. Editors who post such material in any namespace may be indefinitely blocked.

Content and sourcing that comply with the biographies of living persons policy do not violate this policy; neither do discussions about sources and authors of sources, unless comments about persons are gratuitous to determining source quality. See also WP:BLPPRIVACY and WP:BLPCOI, and the associated discretionary sanctions.

Dealing with harassment
If you feel you are being harassed, first and foremost, act calmly (even if difficult). It is hard to overemphasize this.

If the harassment includes threats of physical harm to you or others, follow the procedures on dealing with threats of harm.

In serious cases or where privacy and off-wiki aspects are an issue (e.g., where private personal information is a part of the issue, or on-wiki issues spread to email and 'real world' harassment, or similar), you can contact the Arbitration Committee. To have personal information removed from page histories contact the oversight team.

For simpler, on-wiki matters, such as a user with whom you have arguments, see dispute resolution as the usual first step. It makes it easier to identify the problem you are having if there are some specific diffs. For more serious cases where you are willing to address it on-wiki, you may request administrative assistance. (Do not open a discussion about outing on behalf of a third party without the victim's permission, unless the relevant page revisions have already been oversighted. It is important not to make violations of privacy more severe.)

Note: If other editors have concerns over your editing, then you will quite likely gain attention from administrators and other concerned users as a result. Any civil and appropriate comments addressed by them to you would not be considered harassment.

Accusing others of harassment
Making accusations of harassment can be inflammatory and hence these accusations may not be helpful in a dispute. It can be seen as a personal attack if harassment is alleged without clear evidence that the others' action is actually harassment, and unfounded accusations may constitute harassment themselves if done repeatedly. The result is often accusations of harassment on your part, which tends to create a nasty cycle. At the same time, claims of harassment should be taken seriously and not be summarily dismissed unless it becomes clear the accusations are not well-founded.

Assistance for administrators being harassed
Wikipedia administrators' actions can bring them into direct conflict with difficult users and at times they too are harassed. Typically this happens when an administrator decides to intervene in a dispute with a view to warning or blocking disruptive parties or preventing their continual troublesome behavior.

Administrators are volunteer editors like any other user. They are not obligated any more than any other user to take any specific action beyond expected good conduct and responsiveness, and they are not required or expected to place themselves in an uncomfortable situation, to undertake actions which will diminish their enjoyment of working on Wikipedia or place themselves at risk in any way. Administrators who feel that they may have such a situation are advised to seek advice, discuss privately with other administrators, or pass the matter to another administrator willing to make difficult blocks.

Administrators who are confident they are safe from harassment, or willing to address difficult users and their potential actions, may wish to list themselves on the above page, and add the userbox template User difficultblocks to their user page, which also adds the user to Category:Wikipedia administrators willing to make difficult blocks

 * Or use:

In case of problems, administrators have exactly the same right as any other user to decline or withdraw from a situation that is escalating or uncomfortable, without giving a reason, or to contact the Arbitration Committee if needed.

Reactions to harassment
Some people may find it hard to remain calm and to react constructively in the face of real or perceived harassment. It is important that any allegations of misconduct about someone who is being harassed be considered in this context. Suffering real or perceived harassment does not justify an editor's misconduct, but a more cautious approach to sanctions in such situations is preferred.

Consequences of harassment
Although editors are encouraged to ignore or respond politely to isolated incidents, that should not imply that they are acceptable or without consequences. A pattern of hostility reduces the likelihood of the community assuming good faith, and can be considered disruptive editing. Users who insist on a confrontational style marked by harassment and/or personal attacks are likely to become involved in the dispute resolution process, and may face serious consequences such as blocks, arbitration, or being subjected to a community ban. Harassment negatively affects editor retention.

Blocking for harassment

 * In extreme cases, such as legal threats, threats of violence, or outing, protective blocks may be employed without prior warnings.
 * Incidents of wikihounding generally receive a warning. If wikihounding persists after a warning, escalating blocks are often used, beginning with 24 hours.

What harassment is not
This policy is aimed to protect victims of genuine harassment which is meant to cause distress to the user, such as repeated and unwanted correspondence or postings. Like the word stalk, harass carries real-life connotations – from simple unseemly behavior to criminal conduct – and must be used judiciously and with respect to these connotations.

However, some editors seem to give "harassment" a much broader, and inappropriate, meaning encompassing normal and appropriate editing practices such as merely editing the same page as another user, or warning another user for disruption or incivility. Such activities are not harassment if done civilly and in good faith.

It is also not harassment to track a user's contributions for policy violations (see above); that is part of what editor contribution histories are for. Editors do not own article content, or their own edits, and any other editor has the right to revert edits as appropriate. Unwarranted resistance to such efforts may be a sign of ownership behavior and lead to sanctions.

Unfounded accusations of harassment are a serious personal attack and dealt with accordingly.

title: Wikipedia:Harassment


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On Mo lei tau vs Urban Council etc.
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User:Anjoe

Hi,

I'm a Danish guy living in Odense. I have a mag. art. degree in philosophy and have studied some years of Engineering (Learning and Experience Technology).

I can be found on the Danish version of Wikipedia where I was an administrator. Usually I only lurk here on the English language version, but makes occasionally some edits too.

Regards,

/Anders Jørgensen

da:Bruger:Anjoe fr:Utilisateur:Anjoe

title: User:Anjoe