text:
Venomous mammal

Venomous mammals are animals of the class Mammalia that produce venom, which they use to kill or disable prey, to defend themselves from predators or conspecifics or in agonistic encounters. Mammalian venoms form a heterogeneous group with different compositions and modes of action, from four orders of mammals: Eulipotyphla, Monotremata, Primates, and Chiroptera. To explain the rarity of venom delivery in Mammalia, Mark Dufton of the University of Strathclyde has suggested that modern mammalian predators do not need venom because they are able to kill quickly with their teeth or claws, whereas venom, no matter how sophisticated, requires time to disable prey.

In spite of the rarity of venom among extant mammals, venom may be an ancestral feature among mammals, as venomous spurs akin to those of the modern platypus are found in most non-therian Mammaliaformes groups.

Venom is much more common among other vertebrates; there are many more species of venomous reptiles (e.g. venomous snakes) and fish (e.g. stonefish). Some birds are poisonous to eat or touch (e.g. hooded pitohui) though no bird species is known to be venomous. There are only a few species of venomous amphibians; certain salamandrid salamanders can extrude sharp venom-tipped ribs.

Definitions
Several definitions of venomous animals have been proposed.

Bücherl states that venomous animals must possess at least one venom gland, a mechanism for excretion or extrusion of the venom, and apparatus with which to inflict wounds.

Mebs writes that venomous animals produce venom in a group of cells or gland, and have a tool, the venom apparatus, which delivers the venom by injection during a bite or sting. The venom apparatus in this definition encompasses both the gland and the injection device, which must be directly connected.

Fry et al. found that a venom is a secretion produced in a specialized gland in one animal and delivered to a target animal through the infliction of a wound. This secretion must contain molecules that disrupt normal physiological processes so as to facilitate feeding or defense by the producing animal. Additionally, the feeding secretion of hematophagous specialists (e.g. vampire bats) may be regarded as a specialized subtype of venom.

Evolutionary history and paleontology
Venomous mammals may have been more common in the past. Extratarsal spurs observed in extinct Mesozoic mammals are homologous with those seen in extant monotremes, and this feature was widespread. Whether or not these extratarsal spurs served as a venom delivery system is up for debate. While species such as Gobiconodon and Zhangeotherium possessed an extratarsal spur, they are hypothesized to be nonvenomous due to the lack of the spur being hollow or channeled, as seen in modern venomous Ornithorhyncus. Whether or not the lack of venom is due to the loss of a basal trait is difficult to determine with current fossil records.

In 2005, Fox and Scott presented evidence of a venom delivery system in late Paleocene fossils found in Alberta. Bisonalveus browni was a small eutherian in the order Cimolesta. Fox and Scott argue that the anterior grooves of the upper canines in B. browni serve as venom channels. They also present a group of isolated lower mammalian teeth of unknown species that also feature these grooves. These specimens were reexamined and rejected on the basis that the evidence provided may not be enough to prove the presence of venom in these species. Fox and Scott found no fossa that would be indicative of the presence of a venom gland. Also, grooved teeth are a feature of many species of nonvenomous mammals, so the presence of grooved teeth alone is not indicative of venom. There is no phylogenetic support for the presence of venom in B. browni.

The genus Beremendia may have featured individuals with a venom delivery system. The first lower incisor of several species exhibited a groove that may have served as a canal for venom to travel from a venom gland to the tip of the tooth. Support for a venom gland is seen in the fossa in the mandibular symphysis. Also, Beremendia is phylogenetically close to Solenodon, which has extant members that are venomous. Euchambersia is an example of a fossil therapsid (a relative of mammals) with grooved teeth, and maxillary fossa to match, indicating the presence of venom glands. Euchambersia differs in that the upper canines are the teeth that are grooved, and the grooves are almost enclosed, forming a tube.

More recently, nonhomologous species in the genus Nesophontes were hypothesized to be venomous. Species within Nesophontes exhibit grooved upper canines, similar to other species suspected of venom delivery. Where Nesophontes differ, however, is in the presence of grooves on the first and second upper premolars. The grooves are similar in morphology to helodermatid lizards, which feature a deep anterior groove and shallow posterior groove, as well as grooves on other teeth, which suggests that Nesophontes grooved premolars also aided in delivery of venom in addition to the upper canines. Nesophontes mandibular morphology is similar to that of existing venomous Eulipotyphlans, which further supports the hypothesis that they possessed venom.

Eulipotyphla (previously known as insectivores)
With the exception of vampire bats and European moles, the Eulipotyphla are the only mammals so far observed to produce toxic saliva. These species have significantly enlarged and granular submaxillary salivary glands from which the toxic saliva is produced.

The Cuban solenodon (Atopogale cubana) and Hispaniolan solenodon (Solenodon paradoxus) look similar to large shrews. They both have venomous bites; the venom is delivered from modified salivary glands via grooves in their second lower incisors. Recent study has identified the gene regulatory network responsible for the development of venom delivery systems in these small mammals. Due to the overexpression of kallikreins in their saliva, solenodon bites cause vasodilation and may result in circulatory shock. It was reported that death was frequent among Hispaniolan solenodons kept together in the same enclosure, with bite marks on their feet being the only observable cause. Such use in competition may be a secondary aspect of the insectivore venom.

The northern short-tailed shrew (Blarina brevicauda), Mediterranean water shrew (Neomys anomalus), and Eurasian water shrew (Neomys fodiens) are capable of delivering a venomous bite. Other American short-tailed shrews—the southern short-tailed shrew (Blarina carolinensis), Elliot's short-tailed shrew (Blarina hylophaga), and Everglades short-tailed shrew (Blarina peninsulae) and the Transcaucasian water shrew (Neomys teres)—possibly also have a venomous bite. Shrews cache various prey in a comatose state, including earthworms, insects, snails, and to a lesser extent, small mammals such as voles and mice. This behaviour is an adaption to winter. In this context, the shrew venom acts as a tool to sustain a living hoard, thus ensuring food supply when capturing prey is difficult. This is especially important considering the high metabolic rate of shrews. Arguments against this suggest that the venom is used as a tool to hunt larger prey. Insectivores have an enhanced dependence on vertebrate food material, which is larger and more dangerous than their power to weight ratio would allow, thus requiring an extra asset to overcome these difficulties. Extant shrews do not have specialized venom delivery apparatus. Their teeth do not have channels, but a concavity on the first incisors may collect and transmit saliva from the submaxillary ducts, which open near the base of these teeth.

The European mole (Talpa europaea), and possibly other species of mole, have toxins in their saliva that can paralyze earthworms, allowing the moles to store them alive for later consumption.

Male platypus
Both male and female platypuses (Ornithorhyncus anatinus) hatch with keratinised spurs on the hind limbs, although the females lose these during development. The spurs are connected to the venom-producing crural glands, forming the crural system. During the mating season these glands become highly active, producing venom to be delivered by the channeled spur. Echidnas, the other monotremes, have spurs but no functional venom glands. Although not potent enough to be lethal to humans, platypus venom is nevertheless so excruciating that victims may sometimes be temporarily incapacitated. Platypus envenomation was fairly common when the animal was still hunted for its fur. Nowadays any close contact with the animal is rare and restricted to biologists, zookeepers and anglers (who occasionally catch them in fishing lines or nets).

When platypuses attack, they drive their hind legs together with considerable force so that the spurs are embedded in the flesh caught between and if venom is being produced, a few milliliters are injected by repeated jabbing. The spurs have enough strength to support the weight of the platypus, which often hangs from the victim, requiring assistance for removal.

Most of the evidence now supports the proposition that the venom system is used by males on one another as a weapon when competing for females, taking part in sexual selection. During this season, males become more aggressive and are found with punctures in their bodies, especially in the tail region. Adult male platypuses largely avoid each other, outside of this mating rivalry.

Platypus venom is likely retained from its distant non-monotreme ancestors, being the last living example of what was once a common characteristic among mammals. Fossil records show that venom delivery systems were not sexually dimorphic in ancestral monotremes. It has been hypothesized that venom spurs were once used for defense against predators. Proteins derived from platypus venom are being studied for potential analgesic properties.

Vampire bats
The definition of venom by Fry et al. (see Definitions) regards the feeding secretions of hematophagous (blood eating) specialists as a particular subtype of venom. In this context, the subfamily Desmodontinae represents the venomous mammals from the order Chiroptera. This group comprises the most well known venomous bat, the common vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus) and two other rare species, the hairy-legged vampire bat (Diphylla ecaudata) and the white-winged vampire bat (Diaemus youngi). These bats produce toxic saliva with anticoagulant properties and have a series of anatomical and physiological adaptations to allow nourishment based solely on blood. The majority of their prey do not perish from the attack or contact with the venom.

Primates
Slow lorises (of the genera Nycticebus and Xanthonycticebus ) are accepted as the only known venomous primate. Slow loris venom was known in folklore in their host countries throughout southeast Asia for centuries, but dismissed by Western science until the 1990s. There are nine recognised species of this small-bodied nocturnal primate. They possess a dual composite venom consisting of saliva and brachial gland exudate, a malodourous fluid forming from an apocrine sweat gland on the animal's forearm. Both fluids have been demonstrated as being venomous individually and creating a more potent venom when mixed. Slow loris brachial gland exudate (BGE) has been shown to possess up to 142 volatile components, and possesses a variant of the cat allergen protein Fel-D1. The BGE has several ecological functions including anti-parasitic defence and communication. Slow loris saliva has been shown to be cytotoxic to human skin cells in laboratory experiments without the administration of BGE.

The venom is administered through morphologically distinct dentition in the form of an adapted toothcomb. In the wild envenomation occurs from intraspecific competition; whereby two slow lorises fight for mates, food or territory. Slow loris inflicted wounds are a major cause of premature death in zoo and wildlife slow loris populations, often resulting in festering and necrotic wounds. Slow loris envenomation in humans is rare, but can result in near fatal anaphylactic shock. A suite of additional effects of the venom have been documented including mild to permanent disfigurement and mobility loss. The study of slow loris venom was brought to the public attention in 2012 by the research of the primatologist Prof. K.A.I Nekaris and in her BBC documentary The Jungle Gremlins of Java.

Eulipotyphla
Hedgehogs (Erinaceinae) anoint their spines with a range of toxic and irritating substances. They will sometimes kill toads (Bufo sp.), bite into the toads' poison glands and smear the toxic mixture on their spines.

Afrosoricida
Tenrecs, which are similar in appearance to hedgehogs but from a different line of evolutionary descent, may also have separately evolved self-anointing behaviour.

Rodentia
The African crested rat (Lophiomys imhausi) has a mane of long, coarse black-and-white banded hairs which extends from the top of the animal's head to just beyond the base of the tail. This mane is bordered by a broad, white-bordered strip of hairs covering an area of glandular skin on the flank. When the animal is threatened or excited, the mane erects and this flank strip parts, exposing the glandular area. The hairs in this flank area are highly specialised; at the tips they are like ordinary hair, but are otherwise spongy, fibrous, and absorbent. The rat is known to deliberately chew the roots and bark of the poison-arrow tree (Acokanthera schimperi), so-called because human hunters extract a toxin, ouabain, to coat arrows that can kill an elephant. After the rat has chewed the tree, it deliberately slathers the resulting mixture onto its specialised flank hairs which are adapted to rapidly absorb the poisonous mixture, acting like a lamp wick. It thereby creates a defense mechanism that can sicken or even kill predators which attempt to bite it.

Chemical defence
Skunks (Mustelidae) can eject a noxious fluid from glands near their anus. It is not only foul smelling, but can cause skin irritation and, if it gets in the eyes, temporary blindness. Some members of the mustelid family, such as the striped polecat (Ictonyx striatus), also have this capacity to an extent. Pangolins can also emit a noxious smelling fluid from glands near the anus. The greater long-nosed armadillo can release a disagreeable musky odor when threatened.

title: Venomous mammal


text:
Eileen Grimshaw

Eileen Grimshaw (also Phelan) is a fictional character from the British ITV soap opera Coronation Street. Portrayed by Sue Cleaver, the character first appeared on-screen during the episode airing on 3 May 2000. Her storylines have often included her relationships with Dennis Stringer (Charles Dale), Ed Jackson (Chris Walker), Pat Stanaway (Sean Hughes), Jerry Morton (Michael Starke), Jesse Chadwick (John Thomson), Paul Kershaw (Tony Hirst), Adrian Mortimer (Mark Moraghan) and Michael Rodwell (Les Dennis), as well as her marriage to serial criminal mastermind Pat Phelan (Connor McIntyre).

The character also appeared in the mini-episode crossover between Coronation Street and rival soap EastEnders entitled East Street screened on 19 November 2010 in aid of children's charity Children In Need. In 2011, it was revealed that she and half-sister Julie Carp (Katy Cavanagh) were related to Coronation Street icon, Elsie Tanner (Pat Phoenix), as Elsie's first cousin, Arnley Grimshaw, was their paternal grandfather. In 2018, Cleaver took a temporary break from the show.

Storylines
Eileen first appears on 3 May 2000. Vikram Desai (Chris Bisson) gives Eileen a ride in his cab and, impressed by her local knowledge, ends up employing her to operate the radio at his taxi firm, StreetCars, which he runs with Steve McDonald (Simon Gregson). She demands £5.50 an hour.

A feisty single mum, Eileen comes from a family of eight. She rents Steve's house and moves in with her teenage sons, Jason (Ryan Thomas) and Todd (Bruno Langley). In the early days, she does not approve of Jason's aspirations to be an athlete. A couple of years later, Todd comes out as gay.

Eileen has had many relationships since the character's introduction. Her relationship with biker Dennis Stringer (Charles Dale) ends when he admits he is love with Janice Battersby (Vicky Entwistle), resulting in Eileen punching Janice. Following Jason and Candice Stowe (Nikki Sanderson) placing an ad for her in a lonely hearts column in a newspaper, she dates cleaner Harry Flagg (Iain Rogerson) but they decide to remain friends. She dates Ernest Bishop's killer, Ed Jackson (Chris Walker), despite disapproval from most of the Street. It is during this relationship with Ed, a born-again Christian, that Eileen comes to the conclusion that she is agnostic. In 2007, she meets Pat Stanaway (Sean Hughes), who she assumes is married and has an "affair". Pat is not married as he does not like serious relationships as he was dating six other women at the time. She dates kebab shop owner Jerry Morton (Michael Starke), but dumps him in 2008 after he begins taking more of an interest in his children rather than her.

Eileen's arch enemy is Gail Rodwell (Helen Worth) and they have had several fights in the street. The pair constantly spar whenever they cross paths. The feud begins when her son, Todd, moves in with Gail's daughter, Sarah (Tina O'Brien) as Eileen feels that Sarah, a single mother, is holding Todd back from achieving in life. This seems to be proved when Sarah falls pregnant, but the baby, a boy named Billy, died shortly after being born prematurely following a placental abruption. Todd's announcement that he is gay and having an affair with Karl Foster causes a catfight in the street. The two women are at loggerheads again when they are attracted to reflexologist Phil Nail (Clive Russell); Gail eventually wins his affections. This rivalry results in Eileen being the prime suspect when Gail is stalked by someone claiming to be her late husband, Richard Hillman (Brian Capron), in 2006. Eileen is cleared when David Platt (Jack P. Shepherd) is revealed as the true culprit. Eileen's son Jason married Gail's daughter Sarah in October 2007, and divorced in 2010.

On Christmas Day 2006, Eileen is surprised when a young woman drops a baby off, claiming that Jason is the father. Eileen takes responsibility for the little girl, whom they call Holly because she arrives during the Christmas period. Jason does not want her and tells Eileen that she is not his, but Eileen refuses to believe him, so Jason ends up calling Children's Services in desperation. He admits that he called them, but he is fond of baby Holly. However, Eileen is shocked on 9 April 2007 when Holly's mother returns as she has realised that Charlie Stubbs (Bill Ward) is Holly's real father, after seeing his picture in the paper during Tracy Barlow's (Kate Ford) trial. She tells Eileen that he introduced himself as Jason Grimshaw and asks Eileen to give Holly back but Eileen refuses and throws her out, threatening to call the police. Knowing that Eileen has no legal claim to the woman's daughter, she calls Children's Services and they tell Eileen that they will be coming to collect Holly so Eileen decides to run away with her. Eileen's nemesis, Gail Platt, finds out and persuades her to return Holly to her mother. A tearful Eileen returns Holly on 25 April 2007.

On 12 December 2008, Eileen's father Colin (Edward DeSouza) arrives. He meets Peter Barlow (Chris Gascoyne) in the bookies and as he places a bet, Eileen phones him wanting to know where he is and he lies, claiming to be on the bus to Weatherfield. He was known for his betting and drinking and this causes a row when they meet.

In February 2009, Eileen is stunned to discover that an old school friend of hers, Paula Carp (Sharon Duce), left school early after falling pregnant at fourteen years old. When she learns that Street resident, Julie Carp (Katy Cavanagh), is Paula's daughter. When Paula finds out that Julie and Eileen live on the same street, she begins acting strangely and is hostile to Colin when she sees him. On 27 April 2009, during Colin's seventieth birthday party in The Rovers, Eileen is horrified to learn that Colin is Julie's father after a drunken Paula reveals the truth, making Julie and Eileen half-sisters. Struggling with this bombshell, Eileen blames Paula for wrecking her parents' marriage as Eileen had blamed her mother but realises that Paula was a victim of abuse and makes amends with her a few days later. When Colin visits, trying to explain his actions, Eileen is disgusted. During the visit, Colin suffers a stroke, but Eileen refuses to take him to hospital. He is released from hospital and Jason and Julie convince Eileen to let him stay with her until they can find him somewhere to live but he dies of a heart attack.

In 2009, Eileen starts dating children's entertainer, Jesse Chadwick (John Thomson). He moves into Eileen's house, along with his parrot named John. In 2010, cracks begin appearing in the relationship after Eileen suspects that he is attracted to Julie and he takes his parents on holiday instead of her, following a bet that he wins. Eileen throws him out but he returns, attempting to reconcile with her but Eileen insists that he leave after she discovers that he made a pass at Julie.

In July 2010, builder Owen Armstrong (Ian Puleston-Davies) catches Eileen's eye and she is delighted when they date a few times and does some admin work at the builder's yard. However, Owen is more interested in Eileen's friend, Liz McDonald (Beverley Callard) and he starts dating her behind Eileen's back. Eileen is disgusted when she discovers that Owen and Liz are an item and plots revenge on Owen for the way he used her. In January 2011, Eileen discovers that her roof has been damaged after the tram crash and asks Owen to have a look. He tells her that the tiles are damaged and there is water damage in the interior walls, costing about £3,000 to fix. Eileen gets an insurance inspector to have a look but Jason thinks he is spying on his girlfriend, Rosie Webster (Helen Flanagan), and punches him so the inspector refuses to help Eileen; who steals a cheque for £10,000 that Carla Connor (Alison King) has left for Owen and cashes it. Owen finds out and offers to have a look at the house and tells Eileen that he knows she has taken his money and she will pay for it. Upset, she tells Julie what has happened and they devise a plan to break into the builder's yard to get documents that prove that Owen has been committing tax evasion for years. The sisters successfully blackmail Owen with this so he agrees to fix the roof. Several weeks later, Owen gets revenge for Eileen's blackmail by letting himself into her house and retrieving the paperwork Eileen stole after she tells Sunita Alahan about his dodgy business practices. He destroys the evidence and calls the police, reporting Eileen for the cheque she stole and she is arrested for fraud. Eileen admits her guilt and, as it is her first offence and she returned the money, she is released with a caution.

Eileen meets Paul Kershaw (Tony Hirst), a fireman, when her head is caught in the railings on her birthday on Underworld's roof. They start dating, but Marcus sees Paul with another woman in Freshco's, making Eileen angry so she visits Paul to demand answers and Paul's wife, Lesley (Judy Holt), answers the door. Eileen shouts at Lesley but she is confused. Paul comes to the door and tells Lesley to go inside, explaining to Eileen that Lesley has Alzheimer's disease, which explained why she didn't understand Eileen's question. Eileen and Paul stay friends and Paul helps Eileen when Eileen told Sunita that she would get somebody for the local school's safety day. Eileen invites Paul and Lesley to her house for Christmas dinner but they pull out after Lesley has a fall. Eileen goes on a speed dating night at Nick Tilsley's (Ben Price) Bistro and meets a man called Hank. They soon argue which ends up in Eileen pushing Hank into the fire alarm. Paul comes to the scene expecting a fire but Eileen asks him for a drink. One day, Paul asks Eileen if she would take care of Lesley while he is at work. Eileen does so, but she later regrets it when Lesley beats her up and physically throws her out of her own home. Jason takes Eileen to the café to calm down, but while she is at the café, Lesley dies after being electrocuted by the toaster. After Lesley's funeral, Paul and Eileen become a proper couple. Eileen becomes suspicious that Paul is having an affair with his colleague Toni, but he is actually planning a romantic proposal. Paul walks out and goes to The Rovers soon followed by Eileen who asks for forgiveness. Paul gets down on one knee and asks her to marry him.

As Paul, Jason and other men from Weatherfield take part in The Full Monty evening at the Bistro for charity, The Rovers is set on fire by Karl Munro, as part of an elaborate plan he has devised to win back ex-fiancée Stella. Norris Cole (Malcolm Hebden) alerts the Bistro, and Eileen is horrified when she witnesses Paul risk his life to save Stella Price (Michelle Collins) and Karl Munro (John Michie) from the burning building. Luckily, Paul manages to save himself, Stella and Karl from the flames, but Paul's friend Toni Griffiths (Tara Moran) perishes as the roof collapses on her. The next day, Paul grieves for Toni, and Eileen is petrified of Paul returning to work in case he dies like Toni did. After numerous arguments and several weeks off work, Paul finally returns to work at the fire station, worrying Eileen. Convinced Paul is not ready to return to work after Toni's death, Eileen visits Paul's boss and asks if he can have more time off. Unfortunately for Eileen, Paul walks in on her and his boss discussing this. The pair return home where they have an explosive argument and Paul decides to move in with Julie and her partner Brian Packham (Peter Gunn). This infuriates Eileen, leading to her rowing with Julie in the café. Eileen discovers the tickets for her and Paul's holiday to Egypt come through the door, and decides to take Julie on the holiday instead. She later regrets this when Julie says she wants to have an adventure with Eileen, whereas Eileen just wants to relax and forget all her troubles on the holiday. Paul reveals he is leaving the Street to work in North Yorkshire, upsetting Eileen. Her friend Deirdre Barlow (Anne Kirkbride) convinces her to go and find Paul and tell him not to leave her. She does so, and Paul and Eileen reunite as a couple, much to Deirdre and Julie's pleasure.

Eileen finds it difficult to get to sleep at night, worrying about Paul and whether he has died in a fire while at work. She decides to take some sleeping pills, but ends up falling asleep at work. When she wakes up, she is rude to Gary Windass (Mikey North) and is confronted by her colleagues, Steve and Lloyd Mullaney (Craig Charles). Eileen hears from her lodger Sean and son Jason that there has been a large house fire in Weatherfield and asks Paul whether he had been called to it when he returns. He tells Eileen he had been on a hoax call, but then reveals to Sean and Jason that he had been saving people from the house fire. The next day, a young boy named Paddy Kinsey (Sonny Cusworth), his mother Megan (Louise Atkins) and news reporter Will Reade (Dominic Doughty) arrive at Eileen and Paul's house and Eileen discovers that Paul was in fact at the house fire and not at a hoax call. Paddy, Megan and Will reveal how serious the fire was, which stuns Eileen, Jason and Sean. This infuriates Eileen, as Paul decided to lie to her instead of telling her the truth.

Eileen eventually comes to terms with Paul working at the fire station. Whilst playing darts at the Rovers with Jason and Steve, an oblivious Paul makes a racist comment just as Lloyd Mullaney (Craig Charles) and his daughter Jenna Kamara (Krissi Bohn) enter the pub, which angers them both as they are black. Paul is infuriated when Lloyd casts him a racist, and the pair nearly come to blows in The Rovers. Soon, the whole Street assume that Paul is racist, which makes Eileen feel ashamed. Paul will not apologise to Lloyd as he fears he will actually be considered a racist if he does. Eileen and Lloyd's partner Mandy Kamara (Pamela Nomvete) both agree that the pair should put it behind them, which it appears to be, before Jenna's girlfriend Sophie Webster (Brooke Vincent) calls Paul's work and reports him for racism. Paul's boss pays him a visit at Eileen's house, suspending him from work until further investigation. Paul sees red and punches Lloyd in the street, as many locals watch in horror. Before the pair descend into fighting, two policemen arrive and split them up. Paul is arrested and questioned, but the whole event leads to further strain on his and Eileen's relationship. Eileen later watches as Paul shouts at Sophie in the street, which leads to Eileen and Sophie's mother Sally Webster (Sally Dynevor) sharing a scrap in The Rovers. The feud puts pressure on Lloyd and Mandy's relationship too, which results in Mandy leaving Weatherfield. Paul invites Lloyd, Steve and Brian to a few drinks in town, but is furious when his mates from the fire station do not attend. He says it is because they think he is a racist, and he shouts at Lloyd when a group of men approach them. Later, as Lloyd is leaving the pub, the group of men attack him, pinning him up the wall and it transpires that they are a gang of racists. Paul arrives and saves Lloyd, which puts the arguing behind them. They arrive back in Weatherfield to reveal the good news to Eileen, but she is not impressed as Paul did not do anything about it sooner. They discuss how supportive she was when Lesley was alive, and how Paul would have left Eileen if Lesley did not have Alzheimer's disease. She then runs upstairs in anger. There is further upset for Eileen when Paul leaves Weatherfield for good.

Eileen is thrilled when her son Todd returns, although it becomes clear he has changed while he has been in London. She is forced to give him £500 so that he can pay back the people he has scammed money off. Eileen then learns that Todd cheated on his former boyfriend Jools Creme (Ben Allen) as he had an affair with a man named Alex. She is later shaken when Jason's estranged father Tony Stewart (Terence Maynard) returns to the street in 2014, and is not very pleased when Liz begins flirting with him. She is later unhappy when she discovers that Todd has had sex with Marcus Dent (Charlie Condou), who is in a serious relationship with Maria Connor (Samia Ghadie). She later begins a feud with Liz when she learns that she has entered a relationship with Tony and is later ashamed of Todd when his affair with Marcus is revealed. She has several arguments with Liz over Tony, and Liz later thinks that Eileen is jealous. As the feud progresses, Liz and Eileen eventually forgive one another. Eileen is later concerned when her friend Lloyd suffers a heart attack during Hayley Cropper's (Julie Hesmondhalgh) charity fun run.

After an argument with Todd, Eileen orders him to leave the family home, and while he is walking the streets in town, Todd is violently mugged and beaten up by a gang of thugs. He is rushed to hospital, and is told that he may have permanent scarring on his face. He blames Eileen and Jason for the attack, however keeps this to himself. In 2015, Eileen begins internet dating and meets a man named Adrian Mortimer (Mark Moraghan). She goes out with Adrian on numerous occasions, but Todd – attempting to exact revenge on his mother and brother for his attack – sets up a fake account on the same website and pretends to be a man named Jeff who lives in Dubai. Eileen soon decides that she prefers Jeff to Adrian, much to Todd's delight. Todd also makes Jason believe that his girlfriend Eva Price (Catherine Tyldesley) is having an affair with Tony, leading to Eva moving to New York to live with her mother as she believes Jason does not trust her. After Eileen reveals to Adrian that things are not working out, Todd arrives and reveals to a heartbroken Adrian that Eileen has met somebody else and reveals that he is Jeff. He also reveals that he broke Jason and Eva up, leading to Jason punching Todd in the face. Todd then leaves Weatherfield after the heated argument, and Eileen is distraught at how evil Todd has become. Eileen allows Michael Rodwell (Les Dennis) to move in with her after he discovers that his wife, Gail, lied to her about his son, Gavin (Mark Holgate), and discovering that Andy Carver (Oliver Farnworth) has been pretending to be his son. After a public argument with Gail, Michael gets drunk with Eileen, leading to them kissing. As they begin to have sex, Michael collapses and suffers a heart attack, leaving Eileen heavily humiliated. Michael admits the kiss with Gail out of guilt, but she storms over to the salon and starts throwing hair conditioner bottles at Eileen. The fight spills into the street, with Gail throwing her shoe at Eileen and Eileen pushing Gail to the ground.

In July 2015, Eileen is informed by Gail that her good friend Deirdre has died. She and Liz recollect their fond memories of Deirdre, before attending her funeral.

Personality
Eileen has been described as "a down-to-earth, pragmatic type of character". Sue Cleaver has expressed how much she likes the variation in Eileen's development, with storylines ranging from "comic capers" to "serious": "I lurch between the light-hearted and serious. There's been lots of heavy drama stuff with [Eileen's sons] Todd and Jason. So it's really nice to have the relief of the scenes in the taxi office, [Eileen's workplace], where it's more upbeat. I get to play the whole spectrum, which is fun [...] As an actor, you do not often get an opportunity to keep building on your character and finding new aspects to them. If you're doing a film or TV series, it's over in three months, whereas in something long-running, I can really understand my character and know them inside out like another human being. The challenge is to delve a little bit deeper into Eileen's psyche, which I really enjoy doing."

Cleaver has stated that there are similarities between her own personality and Eileen's: "On a soap, you can't come in and create a character that's very far removed from yourself, because it's such a lot of work, so of course there are elements to Eileen that I've brought in. But I think we're very different. She's more generous than I am quite frankly!" She has added, "I think Eileen is happy. She's a very together person [...] She's got a very realistic view [...] I think there are a lot of women who would aspire to be like her, how she holds everything together and juggles her job, the kids and everyone else's problems."

Friends and enemies
The character has been involved in various feuds since her introduction in 2000. Eileen's most prominent and long-running feud has been with Gail Platt, played by Helen Worth. The characters have a long history of catfights and insults between them, animosity that stems from the acrimonious break-up of Eileen's son, Todd and Gail's daughter, Sarah. In one famous scene, Gail flings herself at Eileen after being soundly slapped and told to "Go home, Gail!" Despite this, various things, including the 2010 tram crash, have caused them to put aside their differences.

Cleaver has commented, "Eileen's relationship with Gail is horrendous [...] I love all the scraps in the street with Gail. Helen Worth (who plays Gail) and I love doing all that – we have such a laugh with the abusive comments we make for each other. The constant battle is fun. It's a love-hate relationship." Worth has suggested that Gail probably thinks she is "a little better than Eileen" Jenny Platt, who played Violet Wilson between 2004 and 2008 has noted that "Gail's found her nemesis in Eileen, but it's so stupid because actually they are so similar. They are both single mums looking out for their kids."

Media critic Grace Dent has summarised the dislike that exists between the characters in a review in The Guardian in 2006: "Like most fine inter-family feuds, no one knows the true beginning, but it's safe to say that Coronation Street's Eileen Grimshaw and Gail Platt have hated each other for ages. Eileen sees Gail's daughter Sarah Lou as a giant, repugnant, mascara-clad Venus flytrap, suckering in baby-daddies for her illegitimate brat Bethany. Gail Platt thinks Eileen's kids Todd and Jason are scummy, duplicitous, gutter-dwellers and their mother a snivelling apologist for their catalogue of spite. When Eileen's son, Todd, dated Sarah-Lou, he passed up the chance to study at Oxford University [...] When eventually Eileen stopped fantasising about trapping Sarah-Lou's head in Fred Elliott's bacon slicer, Sarah-Lou had set her eye on Todd's half-brother Jason. Both Gail and Eileen took this news with deep umbrage. Eileen knew Jason could do much better than this drippy, yo-yo-knickered little strumpet. Meanwhile, Gail knew Sarah-Lou was worth more than that slack-jawed, apostolic follower of Charlie Stubbs."

One of Eileen's most enduring on-screen relationships has been her friendship with her boss Steve McDonald (Simon Gregson). Cleaver has said that she enjoys Eileen's "constant bickering with Steve". She has revealed that she and Gregson play jokes with the bookings diary on Eileen's desk during filming of the cab office, where both characters work: "We write comments about each other in it. When you see me scribbling in the book, think of the rudest things possible and they're in there". In 2007, both characters were featured in a special week of off-set episodes, filmed on location in Malta. The friends decide to take a trip together amid Steve's relationship problems with Michelle Connor. A Coronation Street spokesperson said: "We're excited about going out to film this storyline in Malta. Both Steve and Eileen's love lives are looking pretty bleak, so they decide to escape to the sunshine. It'll be great fun." Press rumours began to circulate about a possible romantic pairing between the characters; however, this proved to be a red herring, Eileen spends the night in bed with a drunken Steve to avoid sleeping in discomfort on the floor. During the episodes, some of Malta's historic streets and churches, landscapes and Gozo's red sand beach Ramla Bay were featured. It was predicted in the media that British tourism trade to Malta would significantly increase due to the screening of the episodes. When discussions about filming on the island began, UK-based site YourMalta.com commented, "it could be a major boost [...] A half hour episode on Malta will reach more people over a longer period of time than a tourist authority could hope to with a series of twenty or thirty second advertisements, it would be worth millions in equivalent advertising." Property website easier.com stated that "viewers have been captivated by the sun-soaked honey-coloured buildings, the charming historic streets and churches and beautiful landscapes not to mention the glorious red sand beach of Ramla Bay. It was hard not to be envious as Eileen and Steve sipped cocktails next to the pool in the gleaming sunshine and this lifestyle was all the more alluring when the camera’s panned back to the dreary streets of Weatherfield."

Romances
Eileen's history includes numerous failed romances. Her first known screen partner was Dennis Stringer (Charles Dale), who left her in 2001 following an affair with her best friend at the time, Janice Battersby. Next, Eileen fell for Ed Jackson (Chris Walker) in 2006, before discovering he had served time in prison for killing Emily Bishop's husband Ernest in a storyline that screened in 1978. Commenting on Eileen's relationship with Ed, Sue Cleaver has said, "She'd have loved it to work with Ed but she knew it wouldn't while he was on a mission to absolve himself of his sins. It would be great if Chris came back. I loved working with him, and he really would like to come back."

It was announced in 2007 that comedian Sean Hughes would be joining Coronation Street as Pat, a love interest for Eileen. A source told Daily Mirror, "They meet in the [ Rovers Return ] and get on like a house on fire. It's not very long before they are enjoying steamy sessions. It's a great coup to have Sean play the role. It's a mixture of serious and comical. He and Sue have a good chemistry to make the story work really well". However, the relationship soured when Eileen discovered he was a serial womanizer. A romance with Jerry Morton fizzled out on-screen in 2008, when Eileen dumped him. Actor Michael Starke, who was axed from his role as Jerry Morton in 2008, has been critical about the way Eileen and Jerry's romance "died such an early death". In an interview, he commented, "There was even talk of babies! But it fizzled out – it went absolutely nowhere. It was never explained to me".

It has been noted that Eileen has "not had much luck in love", although Cleaver maintains that viewers should not feel sorry for her character, adding that Eileen is "very happy" and "together". She adds, "People forget that she's had proposals of marriage and turned them down."

Reception
Eileen Grimshaw has been described as "a firm favourite with fans". Actress Sue Cleaver has commented on her character's popularity to the Belfast Telegraph in 2007: "Everyone seems to love Eileen. I've never had anybody come up and say they don't like her, so I suppose that's a good thing. She's an accessible character and I think everybody knows an Eileen. There's an Eileen in every street." Low Culture columnist Ruth Deller has included the character as one of the best soap creations during the 2000s. She stated, "Eileen arrived as the decade was just beginning and she’s kept us entertained throughout. Sue Cleaver is great and so is the character. A classic soap matriarch she has the potential to be one of the most enduring and popular characters the Street has ever seen." In 2007, actress Sue Cleaver was recognised for her role as Eileen with a TV Now award for 'Favourite Female Soap Star'.

Sue Cleaver has revealed that she received letters of complaint from viewers when Eileen was shown to have a one-night stand with a boilerman: "I had so many letters of complaint about the one night stand she had with the boiler man. People said she wouldn't do that. She bloody well would! She's got two kids, she's been around the block a bit." In 2009, Digital Spy editor Kris Green praised Sue Cleaver's part in the Julie/ Paula/ Colin reveal when he stated; 'The outstanding performances from Katy Cavanagh (Julie) and Sharon Duce (Paula) mixed with Street legend Barbara Knox (Rita) and the still criminally underused Sue Cleaver (Eileen) make for compelling viewing' Sarah Ellis of Inside Soap opined that "poor" Eileen should join a convent because all of her romances end badly.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Eileen Grimshaw


text:
Gray graph

In the mathematical field of graph theory, the Gray graph is an undirected bipartite graph with 54 vertices and 81 edges. It is a cubic graph: every vertex touches exactly three edges. It was discovered by Marion C. Gray in 1932 (unpublished), then discovered independently by Bouwer 1968 in reply to a question posed by Jon Folkman 1967. The Gray graph is interesting as the first known example of a cubic graph having the algebraic property of being edge but not vertex transitive (see below).

The Gray graph has chromatic number 2, chromatic index 3, radius 6 and diameter 6. It is also a 3-vertex-connected and 3-edge-connected non-planar graph.

Construction
The Gray graph can be constructed from the 27 points of a 3 × 3 × 3 grid and the 27 axis-parallel lines through these points. This collection of points and lines forms a projective configuration: each point has exactly three lines through it, and each line has exactly three points on it. The Gray graph is the Levi graph of this configuration; it has a vertex for every point and every line of the configuration, and an edge for every pair of a point and a line that touch each other. This construction generalizes (Bouwer 1972) to any dimension n ≥ 3, yielding an n-valent Levi graph with algebraic properties similar to those of the Gray graph. In (Monson, Pisanski, Schulte, Ivic-Weiss 2007), the Gray graph appears as a different sort of Levi graph for the edges and triangular faces of a certain locally toroidal abstract regular 4-polytope. It is therefore the first in an infinite family of similarly constructed cubic graphs. As with other Levi graphs, it is a bipartite graph, with the vertices corresponding to points on one side of the bipartition and the vertices corresponding to lines on the other side.

Marušič and Pisanski (2000) give several alternative methods of constructing the Gray graph. As with any bipartite graph, there are no odd-length cycles, and there are also no cycles of four or six vertices, so the girth of the Gray graph is 8. The simplest oriented surface on which the Gray graph can be embedded has genus 7.

The Gray graph is Hamiltonian and can be constructed from the LCF notation:
 * $$[-25,7,-7,13,-13,25]^9.\ $$

As a Hamiltonian cubic graph, it has chromatic index three.

Algebraic properties
The automorphism group of the Gray graph is a group of order 1296. It acts transitively on the edges the graph but not on its vertices: there are symmetries taking every edge to any other edge, but not taking every vertex to any other vertex. The vertices that correspond to points of the underlying configuration can only be symmetric to other vertices that correspond to points, and the vertices that correspond to lines can only be symmetric to other vertices that correspond to lines. Therefore, the Gray graph is a semi-symmetric graph, the smallest possible cubic semi-symmetric graph.

The characteristic polynomial of the Gray graph is
 * $$(x-3) x^{16} (x+3) (x^2-6)^6 (x^2-3)^{12}.\ $$

Geometric properties
The Gray graph can be represented by points in the plane in such a way that adjacent vertices are at unit distance apart; that is, it is a unit distance graph.

title: Gray graph


text:
1995 IAAF World Indoor Championships

The 5th IAAF World Indoor Championships in Athletics were held at the Palau Sant Jordi in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain from 10 March to 12 March 1995. Almost 600 athletes from 131 nations participated in 27 events.

Women

 * Larisa Peleshenko (RUS) originally won the shot put and was awarded the gold medal, but was later disqualified for doping.
 * Lyubov Kremlyova (RUS) originally came third in the 1500 metre and was awarded the bronze medal, but was later disqualified for doping.
 * Violeta Beclea (ROU) originally came 4th in the 1500 metre, and seemed to be in line of an upgrade to bronze medalist after Kremlyova's disqualification, but she too was disqualified for doping.

Participating nations

 * 🇦🇱 (1)
 * (2)
 * 🇦🇩 (1)
 * (2)
 * 🇦🇷 (2)
 * 🇦🇲 (4)
 * (1)
 * 🇦🇺 (8)
 * 🇦🇹 (8)
 * 🇦🇿 (3)
 * (2)
 * 🇧🇭 (1)
 * 🇧🇾 Belarus (5)
 * 🇧🇪 (6)
 * 🇧🇯 (1)
 * (2)
 * 🇧🇴 (2)
 * 🇧🇦 Bosnia and Herzegovina (1)
 * 🇧🇷 (2)
 * 🇧🇬 (10)
 * 🇧🇮 (1)
 * 🇨🇲 (2)
 * 🇨🇦 (9)
 * 🇨🇫 (1)
 * (1)
 * (1)
 * 🇨🇳 (12)
 * (2)
 * 🇨🇴 (3)
 * (2)
 * 🇨🇺 (11)
 * 🇨🇾 (3)
 * 🇨🇿 (15)
 * (2)
 * 🇩🇲 (1)
 * 🇪🇬 (1)
 * 🇪🇪 (3)
 * (1)
 * 🇪🇹 Ethiopia (1)
 * 🇫🇮 (6)
 * 🇫🇷 (21)
 * 🇵🇫 (1)
 * (1)
 * Georgia (1)
 * 🇩🇪 (31)
 * 🇬🇭 (1)
 * (30)
 * (14)
 * (1)
 * (1)
 * (1)
 * 🇭🇰 Hong Kong (1)
 * 🇭🇺 (4)
 * 🇮🇸 (2)
 * (1)
 * 🇮🇪 (6)
 * 🇮🇱 (1)
 * 🇮🇹 (18)
 * 🇨🇮 (2)
 * 🇯🇲 (9)
 * 🇯🇵 (6)
 * 🇰🇿 (9)
 * 🇰🇪 (2)
 * 🇰🇬 Kyrgyzstan (1)
 * (2)
 * (1)
 * 🇱🇹 Lithuania (2)
 * (2)
 * (1)
 * (1)
 * 🇲🇹 (1)
 * 🇲🇷 Mauritania (1)
 * (1)
 * 🇲🇽 (1)
 * 🇲🇩 (2)
 * (1)
 * 🇲🇦 (7)
 * 🇲🇿 (2)
 * (9)
 * (1)
 * 🇳🇿 (2)
 * (1)
 * (1)
 * (2)
 * 🇳🇴 (11)
 * (1)
 * 🇵🇰 (1)
 * 🇵🇦 (1)
 * 🇵🇬 (1)
 * (1)
 * 🇵🇪 (1)
 * 🇵🇭 Philippines (1)
 * 🇵🇱 (3)
 * (9)
 * (1)
 * 🇶🇦 (3)
 * (1)
 * (15)
 * 🇷🇺 (34)
 * 🇱🇨 Saint Lucia (1)
 * (2)
 * (1)
 * 🇸🇲 (1)
 * 🇸🇳 (2)
 * 🇸🇨 Seychelles (2)
 * 🇸🇱 (2)
 * 🇸🇰 (2)
 * (10)
 * (2)
 * 🇰🇷 (2)
 * 🇪🇸 (28)
 * (1)
 * 🇸🇷 (2)
 * 🇸🇪 (16)
 * (5)
 * 🇸🇿 Swaziland (1)
 * 🇸🇾 (1)
 * 🇹🇯 (1)
 * (2)
 * 🇹🇳 Tunisia (2)
 * 🇹🇷 (2)
 * 🇹🇲 (1)
 * 🇺🇬 (1)
 * 🇺🇦 (11)
 * 🇺🇸 (52)
 * (1)
 * (1)
 * 🇺🇿 (2)
 * SAM (1)
 * undefined (3)
 * (1)

title: 1995 IAAF World Indoor Championships


text:
Stand Up (Ludacris song)

"Stand Up" is a song by Ludacris, released as the second single from his fourth album, Chicken-n-Beer on August 19, 2003. It was his first song to peak atop the Billboard Hot 100—remaining on the chart for 28 weeks—on the week dated December 6 of that year. It contains production by then-unknown Roc-A-Fella Records producer Kanye West, with co-production by Ludacris himself. "Stand Up" also topped the R&B/Hip-Hop singles for four weeks, and received a Grammy Award nomination for Best Rap Solo Performance.

The song appeared in a commercial for the all-new 2019 Mercedes-Benz A Class Sedan that appeared during Super Bowl LIII on February 3, 2019. The commercial featured Ludacris himself performing the song at an opera, and also featured Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner and Free Willy.

Music video
A music video was made for the song, directed by Dave Meyers. Ludacris raps at a night club with many bizarre elements, such as a huge beer bottle, which he drinks from, a giant sneaker that he later wears, disabled people in wheelchairs dancing, a woman whose behind grows to a humungous proportion after kissing Luda, Luda and another woman as toddlers, and much more, with scenes mostly alluding to the song's lyrics. Chingy, Katt Williams, 2 Chainz, Scooter Braun, Kanye West (the song's producer), Tyra Banks & Lauren London made cameo appearances on the video.

Remixes and cover versions
An official remix was also recorded, in which Ludacris' third verse was removed and replaced with a verse from Kanye West. The remix appeared on the Akademiks: JeaniusLevelMusikKanye West Vol. 2 & Kon The Louis Vuitton Don mixtapes.

Richard Cheese and Lounge Against the Machine covered the song as a lounge-style version on his 2004 album I'd Like a Virgin.

Ludacris also made a remix of the song for the Atlanta Falcons.

Ludacris used this song to mix it with "Sweet Dreams (Are Made of This)" in a faster tone in some club radio stations.

title: Stand Up (Ludacris song)


text:
User talk:Paul D. Anderson

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, you can post to the help desk or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! -- Francs2000 | Talk 17:19, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Math formulas
I undid your changes at complex conjugate. Per the math style manual, one should attempt to not use formulas which display as PNG pictures in the middle of text. They often look too huge compared to everything else around, as is the case on my laptop. This is an unfortunate state of events, as in some places formulas are in HTML, in some other places they are in LaTeX which displays as text, in some other places it is LaTeX which displays as PNG. But until we get MathML (our holy grail), it seems that a better solution is to keep inline formulas as text and big formulas on separate line as as PNG. Thanks, Oleg Alexandrov (talk) 04:32, 21 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the heads up. I didn't know that was the preferred style. Oh well, I'll wait for MathML.--andersonpd 05:19, 21 October 2005 (UTC)

A delayed welcome
Paul, I wanted to welcome you again to Wikipedia and introduce myself. You've done some great work and needed cleanup in a number of places within the WP:LDS. Keep up the good work and let me if there is anything I can do to help. I've also noticed a good deal of work you've done on the categorization system - we need to figure out a way to include them on the List of articles about Mormonism and in the categorization system. Thoughts? -Visorstuff 19:40, 4 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the welcome. I'm not sure I've done anything notable in the categories other than a little cleanup and some synchronization with the "List of articles...". I just kind of work where the urge takes me. I can be a fusspot at times. I hope I don't step on any toes while I'm at it. Thanks again for welcoming me. I'm enjoying myself.--andersonpd 22:32, 4 November 2005 (UTC)

List of Book of Mormon people
Thanks for creating the List -- we've talked about it several times but............ Would a table such as the format below be of any use? What material should be profiled in the columns? What would be best for our readers reference? Would we want chapter and verse for source/reference material? The example below is only a suggestion. Welcome to Wikipedia and the LDS project. I look forward to working with you. WBardwin 03:10, 7 November 2005 (UTC)

A table such as this would be very cool, but why only Book of Mormon people? AusME 06:33, 17 July 2006 (UTC)

Hi
I don't believe I have made your acquaintance. So welcome to WP and WP:LDS. Thanks for your help. Tom Haws 23:22, 7 December 2005 (UTC)

WikiProject LDS
Hello! I noticed you were on the list of members in the LDS WikiProject, and I was wondering if you were still interested in helping out there. You see, over the past few months, it appears that it has slowly drifted into inactivity. But you CAN help. Please consider doing both of the following:

 * 1) Take ONE thing form the To-Do list and do it. Once you're done with it, remove it from the list, and from the< >< >, so we know its done. Keep the page on your watchlist. We have a backlog going for more than half a year. Please help to work on it, and remove it.
 * 2) Vote on the LDSCOTF, and work on it!
 * 3) Tell your friends (esp. LDS friends, & esp. Wikipedian friends) about this WikiProject, and enocourage them to join (and be active).

Remember: your involvement in this WikiProject is just that - involvement! Please help us out.

(Note: I'm sending this out to everyone who's name was on the membership list, so I will NOT be watching this page for a response. If you want to contact me, do it on MY talk page, please.)

Thanks for all that you do -Trevdna 15:52, 11 January 2006 (UTC)

Liahona
I've been reading this Russian's talk page and he says that in his religion, a moral compass is like a device called the Liahona. I saw that you edited this article, so I thought I would ask. Is the Russian right? Here's a link to his talk page: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Kaspersky_Trust

It's at the very bottom.

Reply
It's a reasonable metaphor. In the Book of Mormon the Liahona is referred to as a compass (in the physical "points to north" sense) and is also described as indicating the will of God (both in written messages and in guiding them in the right direction). I'm not familiar with direct references to the Liahona as a "moral compass", but references to a "personal Liahona" and comparisons among the terms "conscience", "the Spirit of Christ" and "personal Liahona" are not uncommon. andersonpd 17:08, 30 April 2006 (UTC)

p.s. It's usually considered good form to sign your comments. Just type four tildes (~) and the editor will insert your username and timestamp your changes. andersonpd 17:08, 30 April 2006 (UTC)

Hi Paul
I don't think so. But it'd be cool were it so.Timothy Usher 22:50, 1 June 2006 (UTC)

Mendip Hills FAC
Thanks for your edits of Mendip Hills. I have now put it up as a Featured Article Candidate & comments, support or opposition is being recorded at Featured article candidates/Mendip Hills.— Rod talk 10:45, 11 March 2007 (UTC)

Merger proposal
Please weigh in on the merger proposal between Persons in the Book of Mormon and List of Book of Mormon people. You are receiving this notice since you were identified as a recent editor on one of those pages. Thanks! --Descartes1979 (talk) 19:44, 12 February 2008 (UTC)

wave vs. waive
Hello Paul! I thought I would drop you a note to explain why I've undone your edit on STS-125. (Actually, I accidentally hit the 'rollback' button instead of 'undo', completely a mistake, so I made another edit after it to explain) The word waive means: ''A: to relinquish voluntarily (Forgo) B: to refrain from pressing C: to put off from immediate consideration. (postpone)'' which, as you can see, is the proper use of the word. NASA has used that spelling on a multitude of pages, and only recently with the new PAO people (who cannot speak, much less write, lol) has the word 'wave' been used in some documents/reports. However, it is technically an incorrect term to use (one cannot motion the shuttle with one's hands when the shuttle is in orbit, lol) and the Hubble PAO seems to at least realize this, as they are using the correct word in their Twitter updates. Anyway, I just wanted to explain why your edit was reversed, and I hope you understand. Cheers! Ariel ♥  Gold  03:26, 24 May 2009 (UTC)

Categories_for_discussion/Log/2009_June_7 requested vote to Keep
Hello! I noticed in the past you contributed to the Ductile iron article. Recently I attempted to begin a new category called Category:Cast Iron and its alloys. Into this category I added about 6 or 7 cast irons with separate articles in Wikipedia. Another editor reverted my edits and left one article in the category for Compacted graphite iron. The category was then nominated for deletion. The vote stands at 2 for Delete and 1 for Keep. I'm asking you to visit the Categories_for_discussion/Log/2009_June_7 and vote as you see fit. I would like to keep the category and expand it to cover the current Wikipdeia articles and others I would like to add. However, if you will vote either way you see fit perhaps we can move the process along. Thanks for your consideration. Mfields1 (talk) 01:18, 10 June 2009 (UTC)

Ichthus: January 2012
 In this issue...

- Ichthus is the newsletter of Christianity on Wikipedia • It is published by WikiProject Christianity For submissions contact the Newsroom • To unsubscribe add yourself to the list here
 * From the Editor
 * What are You doing For Lent?
 * Fun and Exciting Contest Launched
 * Spotlight on WikiProject Catholicism

Proposed deletion of Record of Zeniff

The article Record of Zeniff has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "No secondary reliable sources. This is a Sunday school lesson, not a summary of a notable topic"

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Big Money Threepwood (talk) 20:58, 16 April 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:Paul D. Anderson


text:
User talk:Goliathus

Welcome!
Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, you can post to the help desk or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! -- Francs2000 | Talk 17:20, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Morpho ID
Hi; thanks muchly for catching and correcting the bad ID at Morpho. It wasn't my image and I didn't insert it, but I did write the article it illustrates. (M. menelaus and M. godarti are my images, however; I'm fairly sure their IDs are good.) It's great to see another (amateur?) entomologist join the project! I hope you stick around. :) Cheers, -- Hadal 02:54, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

Beetle
Since you were so kind in helping me identify that Pelidnota Punctata beetle I was hoping you could help me with this one:

It made a loud "Zhee zhee zhee zhee!" sound when I picked it up.PiccoloNamek 01:10, 23 September 2005 (UTC)

 * It's family Passalidae. Goliathus

Thanks!
I added the proper name to the "Beetle" article and also added the picture to the article for this specific beetle. If I find anymore unknown beetles I'll be sure to ask you. ;) PiccoloNamek 08:13, 23 September 2005 (UTC)

I like beetles
I noticed that there isn"t a lot on your disscusion page because not a lot of people like dung beetles!!! Lol!!! I like beetles though. And cocroaches. fell free to post on my page about 'em.--Calvinsupergenius 16:56, 23 January 2006 (UTC)

Reverting
Say you wantd to revert my talk page. First you would open the history. If you know which version you want then just click on the date/time for that one. If you don't know which one then choose two dates using the little round buttons to the left click on "compare selected version". Then you can go back and forth to see which is the correct version.

The "Reverted edits by - (talk) to last version by " is generated automatically when an admin uses the rollback button. You can do it manually by typing in Reverted edits by User:Goliathus (Talk) to last version by 293.xx.xxx.xx, which produces:
 * Reverted edits by User:Goliathus (Talk) to last version by 293.xx.xxx.xx

By the way 293.xx.xxx.xx is a real user and the reason that talk is bold is because we are already on your talk page.

Also, if you haven't seen them already you should look at Tools, Tools/Navigation popups and User:Lupin/Anti-vandal tool. Using the second one will allow you to do a sort of rollback and produce edit summaries like this: (Revert to revision 41560305 using popups). Hope this helps. CambridgeBayWeather (Talk) 14:16, 28 February 2006 (UTC)

request concerning dung beetles
hello, i noticed that you had linked some pretty photos to the dung beetle article. every sign indicates that you are a true connoiseur of beetles, so i venture to ask that if you could help find an image of Scarabaeus sacer for illustrating the article... cheers :) --K.C. Tang 04:08, 10 April 2006 (UTC)

Chilean rose tarantula
I noticed that on the Chilean rose tarantula page, you removed some information stating that the rosea wants a low humidity. As mentioned on talk page, I don't believe this is wrong information. Other keepers seems to have experienced the same as me with regards to humidity. I don't want to start a war or step on anybody, so I'm just going to ask and if you don't agree to this, I won't do anything about it other than possibly argue some more. :-)

The reason I'm addressing this is also based on some personal experience. I was told in the store where I bought my first tarantula a year ago that it needed a high humidity. This was based on advice they had found on the Internet. I've later seen the same advice more places on the net, but it has never had any deeper arguments than "this is what all tarantulas need". Eventually, I started to discover that it seems all books and many experienced keepers did not agree with this advice and recommended keeping the humidity between 50-60% for this species. I've noticed that after I reduced it the tarantula seemed much more comfortable judged by it no longer trying to climb to higher grounds, something it always did whenever humidity got above 70%.

This cost me time (and a few bucks) having to basically empty the spider's home of everything and adding new substrate to get the humidity down. And while it didn't kill the spider, I imagine it wasn't that much fun for it either living in an environment where it were not comfortable. All of this would've been avoided if I weren't given what in my opinion was wrong advice to begin with.

--Debolaz 03:41, 14 October 2006 (UTC)

More external links
If you feel the link should be added to the article, then please discuss it on the article's talk page rather than re-adding it. Try to link good quality and usefull links instead of adding a big quantity, please. Panex 20:55, 26 December 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Goliathus


text:
User talk:Rbpasker

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, you can post to the help desk or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! -- Francs2000 | Talk 17:20, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Rbpasker


text:
Talk:Nero Multimedia Suite

August 2005
IS it safe to have more than one CD Burning Software on the same computer? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 12.220.244.143 (talk) 17:20, 27 August 2005
 * Wrong place to ask, but:
 * On Windows, not really. There can be big conflicts, particularly with EasyCD Creator and Nero on XPSP2.
 * On anything else, yes.
 * --Kiand 17:23, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * You sure? Only problem I have is that one of them occasionally stops working, usually after the other has been updated.  I'm more worried at the bloatness of their updaters. Smoothy 20:52, 6 March 2006 (UTC)
 * I usually find that the CD drive stops working entirely due to conflicting filters installed, but thats just my experience. anyway, wrong place to ask. --Kiand 00:59, 7 March 2006 (UTC)

Here's a tip: Don't trust Nero's verify results --Paul 13:04, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

UDF is not mandatory on DVD's
DVD's do not require UDF. UDF is only required for a file system larger than 4GB.

It's perfectly "legal" to use ISO9660 on a DVD, which is in fact what most software distributed on DVD uses, when the total amount on the DVD is less than 4GB. —Preceding unsigned comment added by RealThanny (talk • contribs) 01:38, 19 April 2006
 * Yes this is completely true and I have removed the line "(actually an invalid format as DVDs are required to use UDF)" accordingly. Although I'm a bit unsure about your 4GB line. Are you sure it's true? I know ISO9660 doesn't support files larger then 2GB but I've never read of any 4GB total file systme limit and I'm pretty sure I've seen commercially mastered DVDs with ISO9660 larger then 4GB (some even dual layer IIRC). Nil Einne 12:56, 13 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Nero 6 uses the ISO9660 filesystem on DVDs larger than 4 GB. It will use it on Dual layer disks which is probably why not much will read them. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 20.133.0.13 (talk) 09:05, 10 July 2006  They certainly don't work in any DVD video player that I have tried (those that accept DVD+R9s in the first place). — Preceding unsigned comment added by 20.133.0.14 (talk) 09:16, 10 July 2006

 * The 2gig ISO9660 filesize limit is why .VOB files of DVD videos are no larger than 2gig each. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.136.145.200 (talk) 03:30, 18 June 2006

 * The 2 Gb file limit comes about because of a mis-feature of the windows 9x product line. The FAT32 file system supports a theoretical maximum file size of 4 Gb.  Unfortunately the Windows 9x product line interprets the file size as a signed number, and thus reports any file larger than 2 Gb as having a negative size.  Some applications, aware of the limitation were able to internally correct the error and work with files between 2 Gb and 4 Gb.  The 2 Gb limit on DVD file sizes is to prevent this problem occuring. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 20.133.0.14 (talk) 09:16, 10 July 2006

 * I dont know where you guys get this crap (referring to the previous post)... 2Gb IS a ISO 9660 limitation. The problem is that ISO 9660 save the file size in a 32 bit value. In signed values (normally used), the last bit is used as signal (+,-), making the 32 bits only cover up to 2Gb. Although a program can treat the number as unsigned (which expand the maximum file size up to 4Gb), not all platforms and programs will read it (as it is not specified to use unsigned value in ISO 9660). ISO 9660 still have a feature to circumvent it (the multi-extend feature, which fragment a large file). However, not all platforms support it. Maybe it is why Nero choose not supporting it (or they are just lazy). Read more here: ISO_9660.  SSPecter talk ♠  13:21, 3 February 2007 (UTC).

Does Nero Recode 2 support the DVD-R format? And if so, how do I activate the capability? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.148.122.251 (talk) 05:51, 22 June 2006

Updated screenshot?
The current screenshot on the page is of the previous version of Nero, version 6. Could anyone take & submit an updated screenshot of the current version, version 7? —S3BST3R 04:23, 7 September 2006 (UTC)

Disc speed problems
Nero Burning ROM has issues with supporting all the speeds a drive and CD-RW or DVD-+RW disc support.

I have an Ultra Speed CD-R/DVD+-RW (+R only for dual layer) drive made by LG. I had Nero 6 and on some 24x Memorex CD-RW discs it would only allow them to be used at 10x or 16x. At 16x they would not burn without CRC errors. I upgraded to Nero 7.0.5.4 and now 24x is allowed but 10x is gone! Great 'upgrade'! Now these particular discs cannot be used at all on this 2.35Ghz PC.

I also have some HP 12x High speed CD-RW discs. Nero 6 would only allow them to be used at 10x. Nero 7 does the same.

This non-support for ALL speeds a drive and CD-RW disc supports has been a long time problem with Nero Burning ROM. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.136.145.200 (talk) 03:38, 18 June 2006

 * Here’s something that might related to this, I was trying to install TES: Oblivion on my computer. I received an error saying that my DVD-RW drive is not a valid win 32 application. When I explored the folders on the Disk, it would not allow me to use the install program by way of the same error. I looked up this problem online, and found that Nero actually interferes with this somehow. Why it ONLY does this to Oblivion instead of The Matrix - Path of Neo OR Half Life 2, which I both own I have not a clue... just an fyi. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 208.248.33.30 (talk) 21:23, 27 September 2006

Nero StartSmart merge proposal
As far as I'm aware StartSmart is simply a part of the Nero package (essentially a more beginner-friendly frontend for the other software components like Burning ROM, BackItUp, etc.), which is why I proposed a merge with the very short article on it. Comments? Objections? ~ Matticus78 19:27, 1 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Agree. If each and every small tool is listed on its own page, we would need a Nero-pedia. As a matter of fact, there are 22 Nero 7 apps installed on this computer. Howewer, If anyone feels like writing it, a proper list of significant modules on Nero Burning Rom page might be somewhat helpful. (e.g. as a bulleted list) --Emre D. 02:45, 23 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Strongly Agree It could make sense to have an article about individual Nero apps, if any of them are worthy, notable, useful and widely used, et cetera ... but I think most people see them as a single package and it's more appropriate to have a single article.
 * Agree. Fire 00:19, 28 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Agree. --Samweber 02:18, 1 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Agree. --ozzmosis 06:10, 1 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Agree. Both articles are too small anyways. Joining them would only make sense. But this means the Nero article would need to be cleaned up. --Zrulli 04:14, 24 September 2006 (UTC)

Clunkiness
Although I use Nero as my burning software after evaluating a handful, and it has an aweful lot of useful functionality, I find the user interface(s?) clunky, and sometimes confusing. My opinion on the matter isn't reason enough to list this as a complaint in an encyclopedia article, but ... if a significant number of users feel the same way, perhaps it would make sense to add a section for 'criticisms?' Plenty of other ( usually, longer ) articles have this. —Preceding unsigned comment added by DigitalEnthusiast (talk • contribs) 22:51, 12 December 2006

Criticisms section: Although during installation of the regular Nero suite many unwanted or unused components can be removed and not installed.

It may sound as there is no need for a Lite version because the official installer provides facilities for completely selective setup. This is not the case. Some stuff that gets installed anyway: shell toolbar, DirectShow libraries contributing to "Codec hell".

I believe the sentence should be changed to ..unwanted features can be unselected, several components of limited use get installed anyways.    -- 83.99.184.75 18:43, 3 March 2007 (UTC) (J7n)

 * I've changed it to: Note that while many components can be removed using the official installer, several components of limited use are not listed and thus are not made optional.
 * How does this sound to you? I'm trying to be impartial by noting what can be done normally vs. what made these alternative installers so useful to people. —Grim Revenant 03:03, 5 March 2007 (UTC)

I have restored the Criticisms section with a good reference from The Inquirer about the Nero Lite and Nero Micro installers. (updatepack.nl appears to be down presently). This makes the section stronger. I have also attempted to reword in a more objective manner, again. —Grim Revenant 06:55, 7 March 2007 (UTC)

Nero 7 Review link
Can we get rid of it or replace it with higher quality reviews? Fairly useless as it stands I think.Thadk 06:01, 31 December 2006 (UTC)

References + link cleanup
Well, I've found references for every detail which was tagged "citation needed", and converted various in-text links to  format. Many of these are from primary sources (mainly the Nero website), but where possible I've found others. In addition, I've cleaned out the external links section – we don't need links to a dozen difference CD writing apps, the link to List of optical disc authoring software is enough. diff ― Grim Revenant 08:05, 4 February 2007 (UTC)

Nomenclature
i find it interesting about the naming of the software. im not sure how to word it, but i think it would be valuable to mention that as ROMe is a reference to rome, ROM is also a direct reference to a CD-ROM. the_undertow talk  10:24, 19 March 2007 (UTC)

 * I thought that was pretty self-evident? That's why it's mentioned as a play on words, because in this context "ROM" can be taken to mean either Rome or a (CD-) ROM. —Grim Revenant 07:23, 21 March 2007 (UTC)

 * it would only be self-evident if it mentioned CD-ROM in the actual section. your explanation is more thorough than the explanation given. my point is that a non-computer person may not see the correlation between ROM and ROMe, unless it's explained - just like you did. the_undertow talk  23:11, 21 March 2007 (UTC)

 * On thinking about it, you're probably right. While we're have no trouble picking this up, somebody not particularly familiar with computing terms/jargon may just think of it as a funny name. Might see if I can work this in somehow. —Grim Revenant 00:26, 22 March 2007 (UTC)

 * You're right, that is tricky to work in. Section now reads:

"The program's name is intended to be a play on words. Recording CD- and DVD-ROMs is often known as "burning", and the infamous Roman Emperor Nero is said to have played his lyre as Rome burned. This pun is more obvious in the original German as the German name for Rome is Rom (a literal English translation would be Nero Burning ROMe). Also, the program logo is an image of the Roman Colosseum in flames."

 * I'm trying to specifically mention the term "CD-ROM", which a reader may be unaware of, while not coming off as insulting the reader's intelligence. Did it work? —Grim Revenant 00:45, 22 March 2007 (UTC)

 * it looks good. instead of insulting them with the explanation of a rom, the hyperlink will get the point across. ive had nero for a decade, and honestly thought the reference was only in relation to 'burning.' i never made the correlation between ROM and ROMe. now about the german part. is that OR ;? the_undertow talk  00:50, 22 March 2007 (UTC)

As for the German angle, check out Rom, which we could link to if we really wanted. ;) —Grim Revenant 01:21, 22 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Now isn't that interesting? I didn't pick up on the Emperor Nero connection for a couple of years – I just thought it was a cool, German-style name, and never really thought about it until one time I fired it up after reading a book which featured Nero. Of course, we never really did Roman history in school... I guess we just showed why both bits are necessary.
 * haha, my last name may be Kochendorfer, but you lost me on that page. since rom = rome, i guess it wouldnt need a source. but is it 'burning ROM' or is burning also translated into german? the_undertow  talk  01:31, 22 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Yeah, I don't really speak or read German either (or Dutch, despite my surname, Visser, being Dutch), but it at least "proved" the point about the spelling of "Rom". Interestingly, the Nero Burning ROM article has a Namensgeschichte (Babelfish: "Name History") section as the very first section header! I checked the Deutsch version of the Nero website and they call it "Nero Burning ROM" there, too, so there's no localised German name. —Grim Revenant 02:52, 22 March 2007 (UTC)

Version history
I've added a version history section to list some of the major versions of the software. I've added whatever information I could get. Must be expanded further.

Aeons | Talk  06:01, 22 March 2007 (UTC)

Nero Burning Rom is Marketleader
Why is this fact missing.? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 85.180.236.146 (talk) 20:58, 26 April 2007
 * Because you haven't established it as fact? What's your source? Why don't you add it to the article yourself? Ham Pastrami 01:18, 30 April 2007 (UTC)
 * I dont know what it is, thats why I made the article... — Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.153.204.116 (talk) 01:01, 27 May 2007

MOVIE ON TO DISK
Does anybody know why, when i use nero 6 and try to put a song on in the background it does not work. Even when it says in the capacity info part that i am not even using up to 4GB, a extra coating of light blue occurs at the very start of the capacity info Risteard B 20:43, 24 March 2007 (UTC)
 * This is not a tech support forum. Ham Pastrami 01:21, 30 April 2007 (UTC)

well since this is a problem im having with my nero, maybe someone who knows the answer could then enter it into the article mentioning that it as a fault before people go out and pay for it!!!!Risteard B 14:23, 5 May 2007 (UTC)

lol --125.168.43.174 (talk) 00:54, 5 March 2017 (UTC)

Super Link
I made the article and it's already a crappy redirect, it still doesn't expalin what Super Link is, thats a mis use of the redirect feature. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Realg187 (talk • contribs) 01:05, 27 May 2007

 * Well, now it's been deleted – is that better?
 * No, noob is this site was really a wiki then NOTHING WOULD BE DELETED! The purpose of a wiki is to inform, not make crappy redirects or vandalize pages!

 * "SuperLink" is just one company's name for their implementation of buffer underrun protection technology for CD/DVD burners. LG calls it SuperLink, Plextor BurnProof, Yamaha SafeBurn, et cetera ad nauseum. What's in a name? —Grim Revenant 13:24, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

Evil
Why would they name it after and evil person? The software is great, but still. Doesn't that offend anyone? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Realg187 (talk • contribs) 01:05, 27 May 2007
 * Because a. he's a celebrity and b. he could be considered an expert in burning, as he's been known to appreciate the artistic value of burning (of Rome). Maurog 10:35, 28 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Doesnt it make people mad at all?? One would think there would be controversy over that! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 12.345.678.912 (talk) 01:26, 2 June 2007
 * It doesn't offend me. Maybe if they called it Hitler BurningJEW or something... — Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.109.195.180 (talk) 00:29, 11 June 2007
 * 1. Evil is opinion, I didn't know Nero personally so I can't say he was evil or not, he did bad things maybe, but still, "evil" feels like the wrong word to me. 2. He's famus, well known as stated above. 3. Also as stade above, naming it Hitler would be much more bad, since Hitler happede in modern times. No one will be angry for using the name of an emperor in ancient Rome. 81.225.4.181 13:03, 11 September 2007 (UTC)

I am mad, this is is evil.. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Special:Contributions/person (User talk:person) 00:50, 18 September 2007 (UTC)

I ma adam, hit sis live. —Preceding unsigned comment added by A plague of rainbows (talk • contribs) 18:47, 12 December 2007 (UTC)

Nero Linux Incompatibility
When I tired to use Nero Linux add files to a multisession disk I made in Windows, it overwrited the old files and only put the new ones. is that normal? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Realg187 (talk • contribs) 01:05, 27 May 2007

Japanese language pack
I would like to save some Japanese files with Nero Burning ROM 6.3. I believe I will need to install the Japanese language file I found at the link http://www.nero.com/nero6/eng/sp_file.php?spla=jpn but I do not know if that will be sufficient. Has anybody succeeded in doing what I want to do?

ICE77 -- 81.104.129.226 22:29, 2 June 2007 (UTC)

 * From the talk page heading:
 * This is the talk page for discussing improvements to the Nero Burning ROM article.
 * This is not a forum for general discussion about the article's subject.
 * You might want to try the Reference Desk, a section of Wikipedia designed for asking questions. Please take note that asking questions like this on talk pages is not likely to get you an answer. You're more likely to have luck on a relevant forum or discussion board. Cheers. —Grim Revenant 12:08, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

Version history cleanup
First, I've done a bit of reformatting on the tables to make them slightly more uniform and hopefully more useful. Centring text does not work when you combine wildly varying cell text lengths. Dates are ISO 8601 for more uniformity, conciseness and ease of comparison. Also, I've removed releases that didn't have notes – if you dispute their non-notability, make note. ;)

Secondly, what purpose does the version history serve? Sure, Nero AG don't seem to keep much record, but there are several off-wiki sites that keep much more detailed version histories than we do. Wikipedia is not an indiscriminate collection of information. We should probably note dates of major releases/important features, but I'm thinking they should be in prose format, not a table. Tables add mess and clutter, and really shouldn't be used if you don't have to, which I don't think we do. Anyone else's thoughts? —Grim Revenant 17:34, 28 June 2007 (UTC)

 * I agree concerning listing only major versions. Prose could be used to talk about major differences between version, e.g between 4 and 3, as well as talk about it in a more general context (E.g: as from version x.x, Ahead AG changed its name to Nero to better...) and for readers who just want a general overview. I think it would be good to leave some of it in tabular format at the end of the prose. It quickly summarises information and could use more technical terms (API, UDF, etc. for more technical readers).

 * Concerning Nero AG not keeping a version history, that's part of the purpose of wikipedia. Long after a major product or even the company is gone, wikipedia will keep a trace of it (Assuming that wikipedia survives longer than the sites specifically devoted to these subjects). Concerning the 3rd party sites given as references, www.afterdawn.com does not give information about versions prior to v5.5.7.8 while videohelp.com does not give information about versions prior to v6. Can Nero AG's own nero6 page be considered 3rd party?

 * Just some suggestions. Aeons | Talk  10:12, 29 June 2007 (UTC)

Nero Components
Note: The above table was moved from the main article for discussion.

I think that it will be useless to list the components version. They are part of the Nero software suite and should therefore be mentioned only as part of the main program. For some of the major components, a prose section (with all references!) could be written. Else, this has the possibility of becoming very messy in the long term.

Anyone has other opinions? Aeons | Talk  07:47, 8 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Nero AG article is short, and this could so there to add content there and clean up here, and I guess it belongs there anyways as that article for for all of Nero. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.153.204.116 (talk) 02:17, 19 September 2007 (UTC)

Move Nero!
I think we should move to Nero (computer software) only because Nero Buring ROM was an old name and now it's simply called Nero —Preceding unsigned comment added by Hippy deluxe (talk • contribs) 10:11, 24 September 2007 (UTC)
 * That's a pity nobody noticed this request and the page has been moved. The reason provided above is unsourced and blatantly false. Here is the source: a list of "applications" that currently belong to Nero 8 Ultra Edition "suite". The fifth entry of the list is "Nero Burning ROM 8 – Expert CD and DVD Burning". As this article clearly DOES NOT, and should not, cover the whole suite (which includes about 25 applications, including PhotoSnap or WaveEditor), I propose to move it back to old name. --Kubanczyk 11:41, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
 * It doesn't matter. It is indeed computer software and the page name needs to be as descriptive as possible.  Wikidudeman  (talk) 17:38, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
 * I don't understand your argument, don't even know if you are opposing or supporting the move. --Kubanczyk 06:57, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Having the article named "Nero Buring ROM" is confusing. I didn't even know that it was a software before reading it. It's best to name it "Nero (computer software)" and then specify it's precise name in the article itself, so that it doesn't confuse new readers but still lets those familiar with the software understand.  Wikidudeman  (talk) 13:09, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
 * There is about 25 very different programs now that all are "Nero something". I understand that for you Nero is a WP:COMMONNAME for Nero Buring ROM and maybe Nero Express. I would agree two years ago, but now I don't. Let's wait for a third opinion then. I'll add temporary explanation to the article. --Kubanczyk 15:49, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
 * What about "Nero Buring ROM (computer software)?  Wikidudeman  (talk) 15:53, 29 October 2007 (UTC)

I agree with the proposal to move back to its original name and I disagree with needless disambiguation tags -- disambiguation exists to disambiguate, not to move the category into the title. If you don't know what "Nero Burning ROM" is, read the article and find out, that's why it's here. But furthermore, there's only two likely reasons why should have ended up at this article in the first place -- you typed "nero burning rom" into the search box in which case this is where you want to be, or you went to Nero (disambiguation) where this article is listed under Software. So I don't see that it's necessary to have a disambig tag when there is no other article by this name and the disambig page makes it sufficiently clear that this article is about software. Ham Pastrami 14:05, 30 November 2007 (UTC)

FYI: Article has been split, bundle info has been left here and program info went to the original name Nero Burning ROM. --Kubanczyk (talk) 22:56, 1 April 2008 (UTC)

Nero for Macintosh
For a short time (ca 2002~2004), Nero produced a Macintosh version called NeroMAX. It was only available in OEM bundles. All links to information about NeroMAX at ahead.de or nero.com have been redirected to the main page. The last version I know about is 1.68. Try digging up http://www.nero.com/en/neromax_yamaha.htm with the web archive. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Bizzybody (talk • contribs) 00:03, 28 March 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Nero7 big256.png
Image:Nero7 big256.png is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 06:37, 7 November 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:NeroLinux3.png
Image:NeroLinux3.png is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 06:40, 7 November 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Nerolinux3.png
Image:Nerolinux3.png is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

Nero OEM
82.36.215.64 (talk) 22:14, 18 October 2008 (UTC)Duffaboy82.36.215.64 (talk) 22:14, 18 October 2008 (UTC)

Any chance of a mention of the OEM versions are these limited in anyway ?

BetacommandBot 06:43, 7 November 2007 (UTC)

Criticism?
Greetings, everyone.

As I'm writing this, the "Criticism" section of this article suffers from the following issues and requires your attention:

1. This section uses weasel words. Example: "A large installer contains many features perceived as unnecessary by many experienced users" Who are these "experienced users"? How "experienced" are they? How do they "perceive" so? Do non-"experienced" users not perceive so? If not, is it because of their ignorance or difference of preferences? Above all, which source says so?

2. This section contains unverifiable claims about Nero suite that are not covered by its sources. Example: "One of the factors that produces even more criticism is the fact that the latest Nero 9 needs .NET Framework 3.0 to run." No source is provided to support this allegation. (Also note another example of use weasel words.)

3. This section contains POV statements. While it's main source is only a mild article titled "Nero Lite" and "Nero Micro": smaller sometimes is better, this section virtually claims that the whole world is accusing Nero of software bloat: "Nero AG has been accused of software bloat due to its slow evolution from a simple, efficient burning program to an oversized home entertainment package." Contrary to such allegations, the aforementioned article explicitly states: "...some people -prestigious and influential pundits, indeed- claim that software bloat doesn't exist and some go as far as to say that feature bloat is a myth..." Although the author quotes another user who have accused Nero of software bloat, expresses disagreement with these "influential pundits" and suggests Nero Lite and Nero Micro, he does not mention anything about anyone else having the same idea. (Please note two more issues in this statement: (1) Use of weasel word and (2) Unverifiable allegations.)

4. The structure and tone of this section is unacceptable. For example: "While many components can be removed using the official installer, its large size and the inability to remove all undesired components via its interface make these alternatives desirable. A valid Nero license key is still required for all installations." As you can see, the sentences talking about different subjects are written in mixed fashion. One sentence is criticizing Nero (without adequate sources, and using weasel words) and the other is giving seemingly-unrelated information about Nero Micro and Nero Lite, as if it is advertising them or trying to justify something. (Please note another issue: Lack of source for the first sentence.)

I'm tagging this section appropriately. Fleet Command (talk) 09:45, 19 March 2009 (UTC)
 * Alright then; Nobody wishes to take action? No? Then, I'm deleting this section. Fleet Command (talk) 19:43, 8 August 2009 (UTC)

ImageDrive
I have updated the article to reflect that ImageDrive was removed from version 9. Could someone verify what versions it was actually present in? It would probably be useful to provide that information in the article.BcRIPster (talk) 20:50, 21 July 2009 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the info. Actually, Nero ImageDrive is not included in the source, so no further verification for its non-inclusion in Nero 9 is not necessary. However, we need a source that actually says this tool was present. Fleet Command (talk) 19:43, 8 August 2009 (UTC)

Outdated as of May 2010
Hi, everyone.

As of this writing, this article is outdated. Nero is no longer releasing a Nero software suite. It is now releasing two products instead: Nero Multimedia Suite 10 and Nero Burning ROM 10.

An update is required.

Fleet Command (talk) 04:46, 4 May 2010 (UTC)

Update: I deleted the entry about "InCD" since this drive is not a part of the software anymore. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Neccelle (talk • contribs) 15:35, 10 December 2010 (UTC)

Sentence fragment
The article says "Nero Vision has been renamed Nero Video by Nero 11,The product is available separately video editing software tool capable of mixing video clips and authoring DVDs."

This wording has been in the article for a while. I don't know if it was an accident resulting from good faith editing or vandalism. Assuming the first comma should be a period then
 * What is "Nero Vision?" It's never mentioned in the article other than this fragment.
 * Who or what is "Nero 11?"

For now, I removed this fragment from the article. --Marc Kupper|talk 19:02, 11 January 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Nero Multimedia Suite


text:
Talk:Kopete/to do

 * history needs polishing
 * more information about the plugin-system
 * are there no interviews about kopete?
 * the screenshot sucks, we need one with:
 * more protocols (best would be all supported)
 * a chat window (for advertisment reason the jabber protocol should be used ;))
 * costum folder icons
 * costum contact icons
 * icons with picture form kaddressbook
 * one or two contacts which announce a online message (eg now listening)
 * and of course the names shouldn't be blured :/ ... looks ugly (they could be changed to something that doesn't exist via image editing program instead)

title: Talk:Kopete/to do


text:
Rota Romântica

The Rota Romântica (lit. 'Romantic Route') is a scenic tourist route that runs through 13 municipalities located in the Serra Gaúcha region of the southernmost Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. The area was first colonized by German immigrants in the first half of the 19th century, and the strong German influence can still be seen in each of the towns and villages. The Germanic roots are visible in the architecture, gastronomy and occasionally in the accent and language (Riograndenser Hunsrückisch) of the region.

The Rota Romântica is approximately 184 km (about 114 miles) in distance and extends from São Leopoldo to São Francisco de Paula. The 13 municipalities along the route are: São Leopoldo, Novo Hamburgo, Estância Velha, Ivoti, Dois Irmãos, Morro Reuter, Santa Maria do Herval, Presidente Lucena, Picada Café, Nova Petrópolis, Gramado, Canela, São Francisco de Paula, and Linha Nova.

The cities of Nova Petrópolis, Gramado, Canela, and São Francisco de Paula are also included in the Região das Hortênsias, one of Brazil's tourist hot spots and very popular throughout the country in the winter and holiday seasons, for its breath-taking scenery, rich European cultural heritage and picturesque architecture.

title: Rota Romântica