text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Game theory

Some Wikipedians have formed a project to better organize information in articles related to Game theory. This page and its subpages contain their suggestions; it is hoped that this project will help to focus the efforts of other Wikipedians. If you would like to help, please inquire on the talk page and see the to-do list there.

For more information on WikiProjects, please see WikiProjects and WikiProject best practices.

Scope
This project is designed to coordinate efforts on Wikipedia pages pertaining to Game theory. This is an interdisciplinary study encompassing Mathematics, Economics, Political science, Psychology, Biology, Computer science and Philosophy. All participants are welcome!

Related WikiProjects and Portals
Since game theory is used by many different disciplines, it is related to many different WikiProjects. Ones with whom we have overlapping interest include:

Announcements
''Please contribute to the discussion on whether Battle of the Sexes (BoS) should be changed to Bach or Stravinsky. There are comments regarding depiction of gender stereotypes and spousal abuse in the current presentation. There is no academic difference between the two presentations. 14.201.171.126 (talk) 04:02, 20 June 2020 (UTC)

My name is Miko Filppula and I am the author for "formal precommitment mechanism" also known as prefunding algorithm. Shubik. M Journal of Conflict Resolution, Volume 15, Issue 1, Page 110, “If there is no formal mechanism for precommitment, we would need to specify the degree of belief of the other bidders in order to check upon the stability of the market.

According to Dr. Martin Shubik the grandfather of bidding-fee-auction method. Prefunding, formal precommitment mechanism was the original way of doing business in 1971. It was considered commonsense knowledge in 1971 that auction needed to have atleast 2 or more precommitted bidders before the decision to initiate an auction was made.

 * My name is Adam Kalai and I am a professor at Georgia Tech. I am teaching a graduate class in Game Theory.  As part of the final, I have asked each student to create/improve a Wikipedia entry on game theory.  I hope they have done a good job!  4 May, 2004.
 * I have nominated List of games in game theory for a featured list. Unfortunately, not many people want to review it.  Would people involved in this project mind chiming in one way or another?  --best, kevin [kzollman][talk] 03:13, 4 October 2006 (UTC)
 * I am working on material for an undergraduate course on decision theory and game theory that develops the math as needed through actual problems encountered in applications throughout the social sciences. When it fills out, it's to be suitable for an audience without a social science background and little math background, up to upper level econ students who use game theory as a primary tool. (My actual class requires one calc class.) Look at the evolving wiki Self Interest and Social Behavior and contribute if you wish. (As a guest, add "— Your Name" at the end of any page that you modify.) Dan Alger 13 June 2006
 * Our article Game theory has now joined Prisoner's dilemma and Rock, Paper, Scissors as a Featured Article. Congrats everyone! --best, kevin [kzollman][talk] 16:10, 6 December 2005 (UTC)
 * *high five* good work Kevin. Pete.Hurd 16:23, 6 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Just in case you though no one comes by our little corner, I discovered two of our pages are listed in the most visited articles list: Nash equilibrium (6224 hits) and Game theory (6093 hits).  Woohoo!
 * Wow! They even beat out Deep Throat and Masturbation!  *shakes head in disbelief* ...kids today... Pete.Hurd 02:24, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

Participants
To add yourself to the list of project participants, go to the list of WikiProject Game theory participants.

Tasks
GameTheory.net has a very nice collection of class notes and a dictionary. If you don't know the area offhand but want to learn this is a great way. Also, most economic publications are distributed on the web long before they ever reach publication. A Google Scholar search will produce lots of papers (although they may be hard to understand in some cases).

Please add a task to this list. If needed explain what you think needs to be done.

Articles to create
Some of these may just need to be redirected.

 * 1) Adaptive learning
 * 2) Bargaining set
 * 3) Bidder's choice Auction
 * 4) Bidding increment
 * 5) Button auction
 * 6) Cardinal payoffs
 * 7) Combinatorial auction
 * 8) Combinatorial bid
 * 9) Conjectural equilibrium
 * 10) Cournot learning/Cournot dynamics/Cournot updating (should this just redirect to best response? No yet, Topic needs writing up either way Pete.Hurd 17:02, 19 October 2005 (UTC))
 * 11) Equilibrium refinements (e.g.: Intuitive criterion, Forward induction) (Ch 8 & 11 in Fudenberg & Tirole), Limit ESS (Selten)
 * 12) Farsightedness - disambig, no game theory. need Farsightedness (game theory)
 * 13) First price auction
 * 14) Generic payoff
 * 15) Hicks optimal
 * 16) Largest consistent set
 * 17) Minimum bid
 * 18) Multicomponent Attrition Game-Different from War of Attrition, this game amounts to a series of rounds with rock-paper-scissors style matrix, with the loser being penalized by a loss of options/resources in further rounds.
 * 19) Network stability
 * 20) Nucleolus (game theory)
 * 21) Ordinal payoffs
 * 22) Pareto coordination game → include in Coordination game | Done, redirect set. ~ trialsanderrors 19:48, 5 January 2007 (UTC)
 * 23) Pareto dominated (redirect to pareto optimal, and add a sentence there?)
 * 24) Pooling equilibrium (discussed on pg 238 of Osborne & Rubenstein, see also Gibbons 1992)
 * 25) Potential game → Created ~ trialsanderrors 08:54, 9 February 2007 (UTC)
 * 26) Power measure
 * 27) Prefunded bidding fee auction
 * 28) Principal agent/Principal agent model
 * 29) Proxy bidder
 * 30) Public good game → should this redirect to Public goods game?
 * 31) Pure coordination game → include in Coordination game
 * 32) Risk dominance/Risk dominant equilibrium → include in Stag hunt (see pp 20-21 Fudenberg & Tirole) Created ~ trialsanderrors 08:54, 9 February 2007 (UTC)
 * 33) Schedule bid
 * 34) Sequential equilibrium (defined on pg 225 of Osborne & Rubenstein, sect 8.3 in Fudenberg & Tirole)). I've created this page, Bromille 09:56, 31 May 2006 (UTC).
 * 35) Separating equilibrium (discussed on pg 238 of Osborne & Rubenstein, see also Gibbons 1992)
 * 36) Simultaneous game/Static game
 * 37) Static game (see Gibbons 1992 pp 1-2 & 143-144, )
 * 38) Stationary Bayesian learning/Stationary Bayesian learning dynamics
 * 39) Strategic move
 * 40) Threat point
 * 41) Variable sum game - I think this is a `rest' class that does not deserve a page Koczy 16:12, 30 July 2007 (UTC)
 * 42) Volunteer's dilemma (redirect to chicken, and add a sentence there?)

Stubs to expand
(a good place to get started if you want to help but don't have a definite idea of how)
 * 1) Ambiguity aversion --1diot 21:12, 14 April 2006 (UTC)
 * 2) Asynchrony (game theory) --Created a stub from the above ATC list. Now needs major expansion from experts. Aroundthewayboy (talk) 19:42, 13 July 2019 (UTC)
 * 3) Auction theory
 * 4) Bishop-Cannings theorem (ultra-stubby Pete.Hurd 06:45, 15 November 2005 (UTC))
 * 5) Discriminatory price auction
 * 6) Evolutionarily stable state: now a stub, but maybe it's done Pete.Hurd 17:02, 19 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 7) Multiunit auction
 * 8) Precommitment - needs a lot of help. Remember 13:12, 24 September 2007 (UTC)
 * 9) Quantal response equilibrium - stub, and not quite correct Cretog8 (talk) 03:48, 22 May 2008 (UTC)
 * 10) Repeated game --best, kevin └KZOLLMAN/TALK┐ 17:06, 16 November 2005 (UTC)
 * 11) Revelation principle
 * 12) Sealed bid auction
 * 13) Self-confirming equilibrium
 * 14) Uncorrelated asymmetry: longish stub, maybe it's done Pete.Hurd 17:02, 19 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 15) Uniform price auction
 * 16) War of attrition (game): Needs explicit formulation, proof of ESS Pete.Hurd 16:29, 15 November 2005 (UTC)

Articles to modify

 * Complete information needs better references, and probably has a lot of text that needs to be re-written. The article may even need to be deleted altogether if it is found to be redundant with (or not distinctly different from) Perfect information.
 * Perfect information The core definition at the top of the page seems inconsistent with the definition. I made a comment on the talk page a few months ago. It states that for perfect information "all players know all moves that have taken place" but this would mean that any card game would be a game of perfect information. Can someone please confirm that this is either right or wrong.Tetron76 (talk) 14:44, 19 February 2011 (UTC)
 * I have modified the one sentence definition to be consistant with the usage in games, the rest of the article and other sources but did not find a direct source to quote.Tetron76 (talk) 11:27, 23 February 2011 (UTC)

 * The list of games in game theory article needs to address the cake cutting problem.
 * It has been proposed that Battle of the sexes (game theory) be merged into coordination game, please chime in at Talk:Coordination game. --best, kevin [kzollman][talk] 05:11, 29 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Pete and I have been nominating several of our articles for good article status. Some of them are being turned down, receiving some good suggestions in the process.  If you're interested in improving an article that is close, please try one of these articles (see its associated talk page for suggestions). --best, kevin [kzollman][talk] 19:43, 13 June 2006 (UTC)
 * is it worth trying again? should I re-nom this article for GA? Pete.Hurd 17:04, 22 August 2006 (UTC)
 * The WP 1.0 Editorial Team is concerned about the lack of references in some of our articles. Many of these articles don't have references because there is no natural references -- the facts are common knowledge amongst game theorists (e.g. Extensive form game).  However, I understand their concern.  We should add textbook references were applicable to these articles and try to do this with new articles.  I suggest we start maintaining a list of articles that need to be references at WikiProject Game theory/References needed. --best, kevin  · · · Kzollman | Talk · · · 17:04, 8 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Evolutionarily stable strategy - the example needs some fixing. In a perfect world, it would use a simple bimatrix game and illustrate the difference between an ESS and a Nash equilibrium.  I think the game of chicken / hawk-dove game will do, with the mixing/pure ESSes and uncorrelated asymmetry effects on Nash/ESSs explained, but perhaps a simpler example can be found . The sex ratio example that is there now ought to be fixed (once & for all) and moved to the sex ratio entry.
 * Help needed on cooperative games. Anyone remembers Banzaff's solution? Also, how to make Shapley's solution readable? Examples of cooperation in boardgames will be appretiated, too. mousomer 00:01, 17 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Help needed on cooperative games. Anyone remembers Banzaff's solution? Also, how to make Shapley's solution readable? Examples of cooperation in boardgames will be appretiated, too. mousomer 00:01, 17 October 2005 (UTC)

Standardization issues

 * We currently use many different articles when referring to "rational actors" or "behaving rationally". We have a stub perfect rationality, but this might be better served as a redirect for homo economicus.  Discuss on the talk page.

Ratings and Assessments
Please help us clean out Category:Unassessed game theory articles and Category:Unrated game theory articles. For assessments see Version 1.0 Editorial Team/Assessment for a description of what they mean. For the importance ratings, please use the following scale:
 * Top: articles which the general public might be interested in (i.e. game theory, nash equilibrium, and prisoner's dilemma)
 * High: articles which might occur in an undergraduate class (e.g. ultimatum game, best response, subgame perfect equilibrium, etc.)
 * Mid: articles which would occur in any graduate course (e.g. fictitious play, rationalizability, common knowledge)
 * Low: everything else

The ratings are done using parameters to the (which appears on the talk page of relevant articles). Please see its page for instructions.

 * Are there perhaps statistics available on how often a page is viewed in Wikipedia? That should help us to set priorities.Koczy 17:28, 1 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Hmmm, I remember Kevin digging up some page listing most visited pages on WP once, and having some GT page high up on the list. But I also remember the list being really stale, and not looking like it was updated.  Beyond that I don't know, but it sure does seem like a good idea for prioritizing effort. Pete.Hurd 17:55, 1 August 2007 (UTC)

Templates
Infobox equilibrium
 * See Nash equilibrium for an example.

GameTheoryProject

Game theory

Payoff matrix
 * See Battle of the sexes (game theory) example on the right.

Stub templates
Currently stubs are marked with gametheory-stub, and if necessary with econ-stub and sometimes math-stub

Categories

 * Category:Game theory

Wikipedia articles on Game theory
Maintaining a complete list would be far too hard and not terribly useful. All of our pages will appear in Category:Game theory. Also, a list of pages that use the above template can be found here. The main article is: Game theory.

title: Wikipedia:WikiProject Game theory


text:
Arthur Gilman

Arthur Delevan Gilman (November 5, 1821, Newburyport, Massachusetts – July 11, 1882, Syracuse, New York) was an American architect, designer of many Boston neighborhoods, and member of the American Institute of Architects.

Life and career
Gilman was a descendant of Edward Gilman, Sr., one of the first settlers of Exeter, New Hampshire. Gilman was educated at Trinity College in Hartford, Connecticut. In 1844, he published a paper on "American Architecture" in the North American Review, which was translated into several foreign languages. He was then invited to deliver twelve lectures before the Lowell Institute, Boston, after which he went to Europe on a tour of professional observation.

On his return to Boston, he advocated filling in the Back Bay district, urging this plan for years before his views were carried out by the state. Here Gridley James Fox Bryant was his colleague. Commonwealth Avenue, now one of the finest streets in the world, is due almost entirely to his persistent efforts, along with Frederick Law Olmsted. Gilman designed the H. H. Hunnewell house (1851) in Wellesley (then West Needham) and, with Bryant, the Old City Hall in Boston (1862–65).

In 1865, he moved to New York City, where he designed the original Equitable Insurance Company's building, the Bennett Building for The New York Herald, and St. John's Church and parsonage circa 1869 in Clifton, Staten Island.

Works
In addition to the projects mentioned above, he also designed:
 * St. Paul's Church (1858), Dedham, Massachusetts
 * Christ Church (1860), Brookline, Massachusetts
 * Horticultural Hall (1865), Tremont St., Boston, Massachusetts, with Bryant

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Arthur Gilman


text:
Time (The Young Ones)

"Time" is the tenth episode of British sitcom The Young Ones. It was written by Ben Elton, Rik Mayall and Lise Mayer, and directed by Paul Jackson. It was first aired on BBC2 on 5 June 1984.

Plot
The episode begins with opening credits and setting which parodies the popular American soap opera Dallas. As a greedy owner of a fictional Texas oil company, Neil signs over oil wells and gives away six billion dollars to the entire public. This philanthropy initially disappoints Rick, who portrays an American client, but he later concurs with Neil's altruism.

Meanwhile, Neil is woken from this beautiful dream by Vyvyan, who angrily yells to the Sunday bellringers outside to be quiet. Rick wakes up next to a young, but unknown woman, fully clothed. His initial shock and confusion is tempered by his realisation that he can boast about a sexual conquest to the others. His housemates are doubtful. Vyvyan is repulsed by the notion of a woman fancying Rick and is also jealous. Neil wants details, which Rick barely manages to make up. Mike is offended as he's "supposed to be the one who gets the girls". Mike attempts to seduce the girl in question, who calls herself Helen Mucus. When she reveals that she merely fell sleep in an empty bed, the others turn on Rick, with Vyvyan accusing him of still being a virgin, sparking hefty denials from Rick. This argument escalates into an increasingly violent confrontation between Vyvyan and Rick, which spreads around the house.

Meanwhile, the radio reveals Helen is an escaped murderess, so she plans to kill the four, beginning with Mike. He mistakes her violence as rough foreplay. The appearance of a medieval knight sends the front door crashing on top of Helen. This confuses the quartet, who soon discover the house has gone through a time warp. Neil is concussed and kidnapped, along with Helen, by the knight who offers them as maidens to some Middle Ages hut-keepers. Having been thrown off the knight's horse, Neil regains consciousness and starts a conversation with the villagers, but their hut blows up from a howitzer, poorly aimed by Vyvyan at Rick.

Neil is chased back to the house after being accused of sorcery, and, with Rick promising to have a T-shirt confirming his virginity printed, the four quickly check the television to see if programming has been altered by their time loop. They watch a fictional programme Medieval Torture Hour. Rick, Neil, and Mike panic about the time warp, asking what they are going to do, to which Vyvyan responds: "Oh, who cares?", which begins when the closing credit roll. During the credits, the boys settle down to a game of cards, while around them, all of the episode's characters enter the house. As a stinger, Neil gets hit on the head with a giant bone by one of the peasants, which only seems to annoy Neil.

Characters
As with all episodes of The Young Ones, the main four characters were student housemates Mike (Christopher Ryan); Vyvyan (Adrian Edmondson); Rick (Rik Mayall) and Neil (Nigel Planer). Alexei Sayle starred as a medieval jester and a cheese shop customer. Jennifer Saunders plays the murderess Helen Mucus, while Helen Lederer plays the female sidekick of the jester's show and Robbie Coltrane portrays a one-eyed pirate radio DJ Captain Blood. Hale and Pace play peasants. This episode also features Paul Merton (credited under his real name, Paul Martin) as one of three yokels. It was his first television appearance. Dawn French also appears briefly as the Easter Bunny.

Music
The episode features a performance by pop/reggae band Amazulu.

The Dallas parody title sequence utilizes music from the closing credits of the (untransmitted) original pilot edit of the first episode of The Young Ones, "Demolition."

title: Time (The Young Ones)


text:
Hartlebury railway station

Hartlebury railway station serves the village of Hartlebury in Worcestershire, England. All trains serving the station are operated by West Midlands Trains. The station is unstaffed and is about half a mile to the east of the village.

Details and history
Hartlebury station was opened by the Oxford, Worcester and Wolverhampton Railway in 1852, and from 1862 it served as the starting point of the Severn Valley Railway, which ran to Shrewsbury in Shropshire, a distance of 40 miles. Through passenger trains over this route ended in September 1963, but local workings to Stourport-on-Severn & Bewdley continued until January 1970 and coal trains to the power station at Stourport until 1979. The branch has since been lifted, though its formation can still be seen.

The original station had an overbridge and canopies but these were removed in the 1960s, during a period of rationalisation on the railways, and crossing the platforms must now be done via the road. As the old station building is now a pub/restaurant, waiting passengers are provided with bus shelter-style structures to shelter from the elements. Due to the station having short platforms longer trains cannot stop here.

After being used by a marine engineering company, the old station building is currently being redeveloped as a micro-brewery, pub and restaurant.

There is a level crossing at the north end of the station, formerly operated by Hartlebury Station Box (to the north of the crossing) but now worked remotely from the West Midlands Signalling Centre at Saltley.

Hartlebury Station Box was an example of the second signal box design from McKenzie & Holland of Worcester, and became operational in 1876. A further signal box, Hartlebury Junction, previously existed at the junction of the Severn Valley line, but was demolished after the closure of the line rendered the box redundant.

Services
Up until the December 2013 timetable change the service from the station to both Birmingham and Worcester was limited, especially outside of the morning and evening peak periods. From 9 December 2013 however, the station gained an hourly service in each direction between 06:40 and 20:07 Mondays to Saturdays. A few additional later evening trains also called at Hartlebury after this time. Most eastbound trains run beyond Birmingham Snow Hill to Dorridge, whilst westbound trains switch between the two main stations in Worcester at different times of day.

A two hourly Sunday service was introduced in May 2022, with three trains towards Birmingham extending to Stratford-upon-Avon.

In the May 2023 timetable, an hourly service to operates eastbound to Dorridge via Kidderminster, Smethwick Galton Bridge, Snow Hill and Solihull. Most westbound trains run to Worcester Foregate Street via Droitwich Spa, but some go Worcester Shrub Hill. There is one train a day to Leamington Spa on Monday to Saturday evenings.

A normal weekday service operates on most bank holidays.

title: Hartlebury railway station


text:
Bradwardine

Bradwardine can refer to the following:

 * Thomas Bradwardine, English archbishop.
 * The Baron of Bradwardine, a character from the novel Waverley by Sir Walter Scott. His only child is his daughter, Rose Bradwardine.
 * The former village of Bradwardine, Manitoba, Canada.

title: Bradwardine


text:
Talk:Legion of Blue

Fiction?
I attended Penn State for 5 years from 1998 to 2003 and have never heard of the Nittwits. Is this real? 208.165.251.16 18:50, 13 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Yes, they are real. (You are not the only one surprised.) GChriss <always listening>  <c> 21:30, 13 February 2007 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Legion Of Blue. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080407184343/http://www.collegian.psu.edu/archive/2008/02/01/proceeds_from_game_will_benefi.aspx to http://www.collegian.psu.edu/archive/2008/02/01/proceeds_from_game_will_benefi.aspx

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 04:53, 20 December 2017 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 18:22, 23 April 2022 (UTC)
 * Legion of Blue Seal.jpg

title: Talk:Legion of Blue


text:
Talk:List of Budapest Metro stations

Untitled
Hey, Adam don't bother with these many plans of M5 too much... these are only dreams. The most important thing in M5 is to connect the Csepel & Ráckeve lines to Kálvin tér-Astoria. Then to connect Szte. line thru Lehel tér. Whether they will add some stations in to existing lines or not... who knows. Maybe our grandchildren will :) --Sicboy 23:04, 2005 August 29 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on List of Budapest Metro stations. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150128112007/http://ko.sze.hu/downloadmanager/download/nohtml/1/id/3174/m/3247 to http://ko.sze.hu/downloadmanager/download/nohtml/1/id/3174/m/3247

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 00:28, 1 December 2017 (UTC)

48 vs 52 stations
The difference is whether we count interchanges as one or each line separately. I support the latter as these interchanges are just stations which are connected through tunnels and escalators. They don’t form one architectural unit in any sense: the different lines’ stations are structurally independent, have different architectural styles, were built usually with decades difference etc. —Tacsipacsi (talk) 17:14, 17 August 2018 (UTC)

 * I see thanks for clarification. Are you sure it makes sense to count Deák Ferenc tér as *3* separate stations? It's really one interconnected structure, but to be honest it's been 11 years since I've been there so I could be mistaken. Most other metro systems count stations with more than one platform as still being 1 station. I support the former, where 1 stations = 1 station. Mattximus (talk) 19:48, 17 August 2018 (UTC)
 * Yes, nothing apart from 48 and 52 makes any sense. In all three interchanges the platforms are connected more or less (you can change between metro lines without using a new ticket, so there should be a way without leaving the station), but architecturally they have almost nothing in common. This is especially true for the two M4 interchanges (Keleti pályaudvar opened in 1970, Kálvin tér in 1976, while the M4 parts only four years ago), but Deák tér’s architecture also changed a lot during the nearly quarter century it was being built (the current station of M1 was constructed in 1952, according to our article, and M3’s one opened in 1976). However, I can accept your argument too, so it’s OK for me to leave it as it currently is. —Tacsipacsi (talk) 00:39, 18 August 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of Budapest Metro stations


text: User talk:63.79.198.2

title: User talk:63.79.198.2


text:
Talk:A113

why is life here
life has no meaning. It's true it dose't really have a meanig to be a thing so if your reading this just die.Me my self amd I will die.

Comment
Don't know if this one counts: in the Family Guy episode "Fore Father," Christoph watches Peter on monitor A-10113. ShutterBugTrekker 23:05, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

Picture
Is there any way someone can get a picture of this room or the sign for the room at CalArts? Paul C/T+ 04:16, 2 March 2006 (UTC) I have a picture of A113. Unfortunately A113 is no longer animation, it is now design. The animation has moved out to some other buildings. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 12.155.58.181 (talk) 00:26, 8 January 2009 (UTC)

I agree-- a picture would be really nice here. Even though it's no longer an animation studio, I think a photo of the sign reading A113 would be pretty cool.Jimurphy (talk) 04:23, 22 June 2013 (UTC)

A113 in deep deep trouble
I dont remember exactly but I think in the Simpson's song 'deep deep trouble' Bart's police mugshot number was A113...

 * It's in the music video for "Do the Bartman." --DOHC Holiday (talk) 15:40, 29 June 2009 (UTC)

infobox?
is the infobox really necessary? What's its purpose? SpikeJones 01:41, 18 June 2007 (UTC)

SORRY B**ch
I failed to remove the section on A113 so-called "sightings" because it appears to constitute entirely original research. If reliable sources indicate these "sightings" are, in fact, each individually related to the in-joke described in the lead section of the article, then these sources should be presented, and the "sightings" restored. Otherwise, the article cannot remain a receptacle of every, possibly coincidental, occurrence of the alphanumeric string A113 in popular culture. siℓℓy rabbit (  talk  ) 03:35, 2 July 2008 (UTC)

I have reverted edits by Silly Rabbit. A113 appearances do not constitute original research. Their appearances are verifiable in the primary sources in which they appear. This article is not a receptacle of every A113 occurrence in popular culture. Only occurrences in projects created by CalArts alums are included. As the most prolific animation school in the US, CalArts alums reside in each studio responsible for A113 appearances. Silly Rabbit, your edit was destructive rather than instructive. Please, out of good faith, first notate that a page is in need of sources and give a proper amount of time to allow for the requirement to be met. ~an A113 alum —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.60.226.93 (talk) 04:17, 3 July 2008 (UTC)

 * The appearance of the alphanumeric string "A113" is not enough to warrant inclusion in this article. The article is making a particular conclusion that this string is an "Easter Egg" in a film.  Without textual references to support this contention, inclusion of any film in the list constitutes original research and should be removed pending verification by reliable sources.  Even if it is verifiable that the film involved some CalArts studio alumni, it should still be properly sourced.  I will leave the OR tag on the article for one week.  If you do not provide the additional sources you claim to have at your disposal by that time, then I will remove the section again.   siℓℓy rabbit  (  talk  ) 14:13, 3 July 2008 (UTC)
 * I challenge your authority to make such a unilateral decision. I am submitting this to the media RfC board.--Carterhawk (talk) 03:28, 4 July 2008 (UTC)
 * Feel free to make an RfC. In fact, more eyes are clearly needed.  I think this is a fairly textbook case of an original research violation, and I am curious to see what the media RfC respondents will say about it.   siℓℓy rabbit  (  talk  ) 03:47, 4 July 2008 (UTC)

Should a list of A113 appearances in visual media be included in the article?

 * Comment. As an involved party, let me clarify my own position.  The issue is not whether the alphanumeric string "A113" occurred in a particular piece of media or not.  Indeed, if this were the case, then clearly WP:OR would be the wrong policy entirely, and we could just appeal to WP:INDISCRIMINATE.  The issue is that the article is either implicitly or explicitly claiming that the occurrence of this string in each of these works is an "Easter Egg" of the CalArts studio.  I believe that this implicit claim needs to be verified by a source for each film listed, and that it is inappropriate to list examples found "in the wild", as the article currently seems to do.   siℓℓy rabbit  (  talk  ) 03:53, 4 July 2008 (UTC)

Why remove the entire section? The source states that it appears in all works which Brad Bird has a hand in. This includes Ratatouille, The Incredibles, The Iron Giant, Family Dog, Amazing Stories, and The Simpsons. John Lasseter, personal and professional friend of Brad Bird, and another A113 alum, helped to create The Brave Little Toaster, Toy Story, Toy Story 2, A Bug's Life, Cars, Monsters Inc, Finding Nemo. CalArts A113 alum Craig McCraken created The Powerpuff Girls. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.60.226.93 (talk) 09:21, 4 July 2008 (UTC)

 * Here is a question, is there another reliable source that publishes a list of every movie that Brad Bird placed A113? If not, then we are creating original synthesis, and publishing something novel for the first time. While we can say that Bird claims to add the string in all his projects, we cannot conjecture that his classmate does it as well, nor simply watch a movie and say "hey, I think I saw A113, so I'm going to say as much on wikipedia". There is no way for our readers to verify that. We need reliable sources for this information, simple as that.-Andrew c [talk] 13:58, 4 July 2008 (UTC)

I have found a June 2008 interview with Andrew Stanton of Pixar, in which he states that it has appeared in all Pixar movies as well as works of his classmates. I'll add this to the article when I have time. This, along with the quote of Brad Bird which says he has put it in all of his movies and two specific TV shows, is enough. Andrew Stanton has stated it appears in all Pixar works as an in joke amongst A113 alums. Brad Bird states that it appears in all of his works as an in joke amongst A113 alums. The string does in fact appear in all Pixar works. The string does in fact appear in all Brad Bird works. Why can't these appearances remain in the article? It is unnecessary to require that each Brad Bird and Pixar work have it's own individual citation. Andrew Stanton and Brad Bird say it appears in ALL Pixar and Brad Bird works, not some. If you take issue with it's appearance in South Park, Lilo and Stitch, etc, fine, those can be removed. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.60.226.93 (talk) 18:38, 4 July 2008 (UTC)

 * You say that Brad Bird and Andrew Stanton say it appears in all Pixar works. This is not supported by the existing references in the text. What is supported by the current text is, according to the Brad Bird interview, "I put it into every single one of my films."  So by the current references, only Brad Bird films should be listed.  If additional references are given, then additional films may be added.   siℓℓy rabbit  (  talk  ) 16:47, 11 July 2008 (UTC)

 * I should also add that, with this comment in mind, most of the films will still be removed since most of them are not Brad Bird films at all (even the Pixar ones will go). Also, if Bird made, for instance, an episode of Tiny Toons, then a reference needs to be provided for that (imdb is fine).  Currently, there is just too much unverifiable information in the article.  I will wait a little while longer until the RfC has received sufficient exposure.  After that point, I will remove the things which are not compliant with the WP:OR and WP:V policies.   siℓℓy rabbit  (  talk  ) 16:58, 11 July 2008 (UTC)
 * I understand you have a strong deleltionsist stance, however, would it not be preferable to simply add notices to each reference that hasn't been verified? This would both inform readers that the information may be suspect, as well as encourage editors to find sources for each reference, without losing any information.--WCarter (talk) 18:59, 17 July 2008 (UTC)
 * Also, if anyone can perhaps, contact some of the higher-ups at pixar to verify these spottings of A113, that would be very helpful. --WCarter (talk) 19:11, 17 July 2008 (UTC)

 * Well, no. There is only one reference in the entire article, which is used to support the claim that A113 is an easter egg in Brad Bird films.  I thus have no problem at all listing Bird films.  However, the rest of the article, without more references, is a clear violation of the WP:OR policy because it draws the conclusion that other potential sightings of the alphanumeric string are the result of a deliberate act by a CalArts member.  The former is a readily verifiable fact, whereas the latter is an unattributed synthesis.   siℓℓy rabbit  (  talk  ) 21:25, 17 July 2008 (UTC)

A head's up - A113 in Disney's new animation
Just a heads up for an "A113" I just noticed in the new trailer for Disney's "The Princess and the Frog". (The film isn't released until Dec 09 so it's too early to mention it in the article just yet.) Anyway here is the trailer on YouTube and you can see "A113" on the front of the trolley car at 1:59 in the clip. Manning (talk) 09:40, 11 May 2009 (UTC)

A113 in Terminator: Salvation
I didnt see this in the article, but in the beginning of the film, while Connor and the Resistence are looking through Skynet's files for the T-800 R&D project, A113 appears as part of the login password on a Resistence officer's laptop. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.171.244.37 (talk) 23:10, 3 December 2009 (UTC)

Not in Monsters, Inc.
I've seen the "Sign seen in the background when Sulley sees Smitty and Needleman loading the trash compactor" posted in a lot of places, but it simply isn't there. I've watched the original DVD and hi-def version many times. I've done frame-by-frame, and "A113" is definitely not in that scene. Guytoronto (talk) 17:18, 24 July 2011 (UTC)

Removed Family Guy reference
I removed the reference to the Family Guy: Blue Harvest special. Peter clearly says, "Prisoner transfer from cell block 1138," the same line Han had in the original film, and which is well known to be a reference to an earlier George Lucas film, THX 1138. Executor32 (talk) 02:59, 4 May 2012 (UTC)

ACXIII in Brave ?
How do you know it appears as ACXIII in Brave ?--Gray Catbird (talk) 15:20, 6 July 2012 (UTC)

ACXIII in Brave citation
http://pixartimes.com/2012/11/15/more-brave-easter-eggs-a113-the-late-joe-ranft/ 98.160.199.164 (talk) 19:24, 13 July 2013 (UTC)

Original Research?
I have an instance of A113 that would technically be original research, but is a clear reference, as it appears in a phone number, letter A and all. What would I do with this? SomeGuyNamedDavid (talk) 18:26, 30 August 2013 (UTC)

Big Hero 6
If the scene makes the final cut of the film, then Big Hero 6 has an A113 reference. Chris857 (talk) 02:36, 10 October 2014 (UTC)

Doesn't apply to Dodgeball: A True Underdog Story
The reference in Dodgeball: A True Underdog Story isn't to A113. The Sudden Death Continuation Rule is actually 113D. Source: tinyurl.com/jwdymsj 108.11.182.135 (talk) 21:03, 4 January 2015 (UTC)

Did Neil Johnson go to Cal Arts?
His "Starship Rising" has 113A real large on the side of a food container on a cargo ship. 66.87.126.69 (talk) 17:28, 19 June 2015 (UTC)

What about 2187
In the see also section, I think this number referenced in Star Wars multiple times should be noted. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 96.28.166.3 (talk) 14:08, 3 June 2016 (UTC)

Math
Ahhhhhhhhh help 64.17.79.6 (talk) 15:59, 15 October 2022 (UTC)

A113 Updates?
In our research (unaffiliated with any of the institutions or individuals mentioned on this thread), A113 is like a call sign, meant to identify a specific human at a specific location.

Any updates to this thread are appreciated. We are particularly interested in gaining a better understanding regarding any legal claims regarding the appearance of A113 within content unaffiliated with any of the names and owners mentioned on this thread.

Thank you! 2601:152:5080:D9B0:AD47:1195:DF54:6D3 (talk) 16:29, 11 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:A113


text:
Madea's Family Reunion

Madea's Family Reunion is a 2006 American comedy-drama film and an adaptation of the stage production of the same name written by Tyler Perry. The film is a sequel to Diary of a Mad Black Woman. It was written, directed by, and starring Perry with the rest of the cast consisting of Blair Underwood, Lynn Whitfield, Boris Kodjoe, Henry Simmons, Lisa Arrindell, Maya Angelou, Rochelle Aytes, Jenifer Lewis, Tangi Miller, Keke Palmer, and Cicely Tyson. The film tells the story of Madea preparing for an upcoming family reunion while dealing with the dramas before and during it. It was released on February 24, 2006, nearly one year following its predecessor, Diary of a Mad Black Woman. The independent film was produced by Lionsgate.

Madea's Family Reunion grossed $63.4 million worldwide.

Plot
Lisa Breaux is engaged to Carlos Armstrong, an abusive investment banker. While Lisa wants to get out of the engagement, her mother Victoria urges her to go through with the wedding. Lisa's older sister Vanessa has two children by two different men, neither of whom are involved in their children's lives which Victoria regularly degrades Vanessa for. Vanessa is eventually wooed by bus driver Frankie Henderson, who is a single father and loves painting. Vanessa likes Frankie, but is emotionally distant and has a difficult time trusting him.

After Madea violates the terms of the house arrest she was previously subjected to to get Joe's medicine with her lawyer nephew Brian corroborating on, Judge Mablean Ephriam orders her to take in a foster child named Nikki in order to avoid jail. At first, Madea and Nikki clash due to the latter's disrespect, stemming from her poor life, including an absent father, a mother in jail, and various uncaring foster homes. However, Madea urges her to overcome her past with hard work, and strive to be better than those who wronged her. Nikki, with consistent support from Madea, reforms her behavior.

Lisa eventually leaves Carlos with the intention of calling off the wedding, temporarily moving in with her great-aunt Madea and great-uncle Joe. Eager to get married, Carlos dispatches Victoria to bring Lisa back to him. Victoria confronts Carlos about the abuse. It is then revealed that Victoria, with Carlos's assistance, has stolen from Lisa's trust fund over the years, leaving virtually no money left and is now encouraging Lisa to marry Carlos in order to keep up her livelihood. Carlos makes it clear to Victoria that he will not bail her out unless the wedding goes forward.

Victoria goes to Madea's house to fetch Lisa, only to end up in an argument with Vanessa, who has become aware of Carlos's abuse and wants to protect her sister. During the confrontation, Vanessa reveals that Victoria allowed her second husband, Lisa's father, to rape Vanessa in order to keep him in the marriage. The sexual abuse then occurred on a regular basis and left Vanessa closed-off emotionally and unable to trust the men in her life, including Frankie. Victoria rationalizes her actions, telling her daughters that they faced destitution if Lisa's father had left, and that after previous hardships, she was tired of struggling. She also retorts that her own mother, a prostitute and drug addict, regularly traded her for "ten dollars and a fix". Victoria then demands that a horrified Lisa begin taking care of her financially. She then leaves and later lies to Lisa, telling her that Carlos has agreed to counseling.

At the family reunion held at the home of 96-year-old Aunt Ruby, Vanessa and Victoria get into another confrontation, which eventually turns into a physical fight after Victoria insults Vanessa's relationship with Frankie. The fight is broken up when Aunt Ruby, Madea's daughter Myrtle, and Ruby's daughter Aunt May gather the family to an old slave shack where their ancestors grew up. Ruby expresses disappointment at how the family has turned out. Myrtle persuades them to act lovingly towards each other and themselves.

Lisa returns to Carlos and resumes her wedding plans. On the day of her wedding, Lisa has fled Carlos and retreated to Madea's house. Madea tells her that it is time for her to fight back. When Carlos arrives at Madea's house, Madea subtly suggests to Lisa to use the pot of hot grits on the stove to defend herself as Madea previously taught her. When Madea leaves the house, Carlos slaps Lisa. In retaliation, she throws the hot grits in Carlos' face, scalding him, then beats him with a cast-iron frying pan as Madea listens outside and laughs.

At the church, Lisa announces to the family and other guests that the wedding is off and exposes Carlos' abuse. Madea lambasts a sour Victoria and tells her to find her own life instead of continuing to live through Lisa. Frankie then asks Vanessa to marry him and she accepts. They are married at the church instead. At the reception, Victoria accepts Vanessa's marriage, revealing possible reconciliation.

Cast

 * Tyler Perry as:
 * Mabel "Madea" Simmons, a tough old lady.
 * Joe Simmons, the brother of Madea who is a wisecracker.
 * Brian Simmons, a lawyer who is the son of Joe and the nephew of Madea.
 * Blair Underwood as Carlos Armstrong, a controlling investment banker who is loosely based on Ronnie from the stage play.
 * Lynn Whitfield as Victoria Breaux, a gold-digging woman and a niece of Madea.
 * Boris Kodjoe as Frankie Henderson, a bus driver who is also a painter.
 * Henry Simmons as Isaac, a nephew of Madea who is antagonized by Joe when he was repairing Madea's lawnmower.
 * Lisa Arrindell as Vanessa Breaux-Henderson, the grand-niece of Madea and daughter of Victoria who falls for Frankie after two bad relationships.
 * Maya Angelou as Aunt May, a cousin of Madea.
 * Rochelle Aytes as Lisa Breaux, the grand-niece of Madea and daughter of Victoria who is to be engaged to Carlos.
 * Jenifer Lewis as Milay Jenay Lori, a wedding planner who was hired by Victoria.
 * Keke Palmer as Nikki Grady, a girl who Madea takes in.
 * Tangi Miller as Donna, the love interest of Isaac and sister of Brian.
 * Cicely Tyson as Aunt Myrtle, Madea's daughter-in-law.
 * China Anderson as Nima, the daughter of Vanessa.
 * Akhil Jackson as Jonathan, the son of Vanessa and the younger half-brother of Nima.
 * Alonzo Millsap as Tre, the son of Frankie.
 * Georgia Allen as Aunt Ruby, a 96-year-old aunt of Madea who is the mother of May and Sarah.
 * Cassi Davis as Aunt Sarah, a cousin of Madea and the sister of May.
 * Leon Lamar as Grover, a cousin of Madea and Joe.
 * John Lawhorn as Uncle Pete, a cousin of Madea and Joe.
 * Afemo Omilami as Isaac Sr., the father of Isaac and cousin of Madea and Joe.
 * Mablean Ephriam as Herself
 * Deanna Dawn as Tyrequa
 * Enoch King as Hykeem
 * Jennifer Sears as an unnamed female at the family reunion.
 * Tre Rogers as an unnamed young man at the family reunion.
 * Elizabeth Omilami as Aunt Clara, a relative of Madea.
 * Nicholas Ortiz as Himself
 * Johnny Gill as a wedding singer
 * David Wiebers as Wedding Trumpeter
 * China Anne McClain as Youth (uncredited)

Soundtrack
The soundtrack was released by Motown Records on February 21, 2006.

Box office
Madea's Family Reunion was budgeted at $6 million and opened at #1 in its opening weekend (2/24-26) with $30,030,661 and eventually grossed $63,257,940 in North America with an additional $50,939 internationally, tying $63,308,879 worldwide after 9 weeks in theaters.

Small independent filmmaker Tyler Perry has garnered one of the highest wide-release openings to date in 2006, in both gross ($30 million) and screen average ($13,687).

"The number one movie is Madea's Family Reunion, a small comedy/melodrama which grossed an astounding $30.3 million from 2,194 venues. It had a super-hot venue average of $13,787...."

"Playing at 2,194 locations across North America, the film averaged a remarkable estimated $13,788 per screen, demonstrating the enormous breadth and depth of Perry's audience. The debut weekend of Madea's Family Reunion outperformed the opening weekend of Lionsgate's first Tyler Perry film, Diary of a Mad Black Woman, by nearly 40 percent." To illustrate the point, Lions Gate's exit polls showed 52 percent of the audience were black women over the age of 35.

Critical response
On Rotten Tomatoes it has an approval rating of 26%, based on 58 reviews, with an average rating of 4.50/10. The site's consensus reads "Tyler Perry's Madea's Family Reunion is sincere in its positive intentions, but leaves something to be desired as a film." On Metacritic, it has a score of 45% based on reviews from 18 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an A grade.

title: Madea's Family Reunion


text:
James M. Bardeen

James Maxwell Bardeen (May 9, 1939 – June 20, 2022) was an American physicist, well known for his work in general relativity, particularly his role in formulating the laws of black hole mechanics. He also discovered the Bardeen vacuum, an exact solution of the Einstein field equation.

Early life and education
Bardeen was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, on May 9, 1939. His father, John Bardeen, won the Nobel Prize in Physics twice for inventing the transistor and formulating the theory of superconductivity; his mother, Jane Maxwell Bardeen, worked as a zoologist and a high school teacher. During his childhood, Bardeen resided in Washington, D.C., Summit, New Jersey, and Chicago as part of his father's employment. He attended the University Laboratory High School in Urbana, Illinois. He then studied physics at Harvard University, even though his father wanted him to go into biology. After graduating in 1960, he undertook graduate studies at the California Institute of Technology under the direction of Richard Feynman and William Alfred Fowler. Bardeen was awarded a Doctor of Philosophy in 1965.

Career
Bardeen first worked at Caltech and the University of California, Berkeley, in postdoctoral positions. He became a part of the astronomy department of the University of Washington in 1967. He subsequently joined Yale University in 1972. That same year, he co-authored the watershed paper "The Four Laws of Black Hole Mechanics" with Stephen Hawking and Brandon Carter during a meeting held at the École de physique des Houches. Later that year, Bardeen theorized the doughnut-shape and size of a black hole’s "shadow", which was later popularized by the observations of Messier 87 by the Event Horizon Telescope.

Bardeen returned to the University of Washington in 1976, remaining there until his retirement in 2006. Together with Michael S. Turner and Paul Steinhardt, he published a paper in 1982 detailing the way submicroscopic fluctuations in the density of matter and energy in the early universe would bring about the arrangement of galaxies seen in the present day. Bardeen was also a Distinguished Visiting Research Fellow at Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics. In 2012, he was elected to the U.S. National Academy of Sciences.

Personal life
Bardeen married Nancy Thomas in 1968. They met the year before in Paris while he was attending a conference, and remained married until his death. Together, they had two children, William and David.

Bardeen's brother, William A. Bardeen, was also a physicist. His sister, Elizabeth, was married to Thomas Greytak, a physicist at MIT. In a 2020 interview given to Federal University of Pará in Brazil, Bardeen recalls his journey as a physicist, his father's influences on him, his experiences as a doctoral student of Richard Feynman, and working with Stephen Hawking.

Bardeen died on June 20, 2022, at a retirement home in Seattle. He was 83, and suffered from cancer prior to his death.

title: James M. Bardeen


text:
User:Max Vallender~enwiki

Hello, I'm Max Vallender from Dortmund (Germany). I study computer science in Dortmund. I'm a member of the english Wikipedia since 11.08.2005.

My work
Articles at which I had worked with. Counter

About my english
To understand english isn't the problem. But to start writing in english, at an englisch page, seems to be very difficult at the beginning.

The last mean to try out what someone want's to say or whether I say that what I wanted to say. Therefor I take Babelfish and let translate the text for me. So head up high! And don't be to sourly about my mistakes, I will try my best to reduce them! ;o)

da:Bruger:Max_Vallender de:Benutzer:Max_Vallender

title: User:Max Vallender~enwiki


text:
Anion gap

The anion gap (AG or AGAP) is a value calculated from the results of multiple individual medical lab tests. It may be reported with the results of an electrolyte panel, which is often performed as part of a comprehensive metabolic panel.

The anion gap is the quantity difference between cations (positively charged ions) and anions (negatively charged ions) in serum, plasma, or urine. The magnitude of this difference (i.e., "gap") in the serum is calculated to identify metabolic acidosis. If the gap is greater than normal, then high anion gap metabolic acidosis is diagnosed.

The term "anion gap" usually implies "serum anion gap", but the urine anion gap is also a clinically useful measure.

Calculation
The anion gap is a calculated measure. It is computed with a formula that uses the results of several individual lab tests, each of which measures the concentration of a specific anion or cation.

The concentrations are expressed in units of milliequivalents/liter (mEq/L) or in millimoles/litre (mmol/L).

With potassium
The anion gap is calculated by subtracting the serum concentrations of chloride and bicarbonate (anions) from the concentrations of sodium and potassium (cations):

 * = ([Na+] + [K+]) − ([Cl−] + [HCO$− 3$]) = 20 mEq/L

Without potassium
Because potassium concentrations are very low, they usually have little effect on the calculated gap. Therefore, omission of potassium has become widely accepted. This leaves the following equation:

 * = [Na+] - ([Cl−] + [HCO$− 3$])

Normal AG = 8-16 mEq/L

Expressed in words, the equation is:

 * Anion Gap = sodium - (chloride + bicarbonate)

 * which is logically equivalent to:

 * Anion Gap = (the most prevalent cation) minus (the sum of the most prevalent anions)

(Bicarbonate may also be referred to as "total CO2" or "carbon dioxide".)

Uses
Calculating the anion gap is clinically useful because it helps in the differential diagnosis of a number of disease states.

The total number of cations (positive ions) should be equal to the total number of anions (negative ions), so that the overall electrical charge is neutral. However, routine tests do not measure all types of ions. The anion gap is representative of how many ions are not accounted for by the lab measurements used in the calculation. These "unmeasured" ions are mostly anions, which is why the value is called the "anion gap."

By definition, only the cations sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) and the anions chloride (Cl−) and bicarbonate (HCO$− 3$) are used to calculate the anion gap. (As discussed above, potassium may or may not be used, depending on the specific lab.)

The cations calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+) are also commonly measured, but they aren't used to calculate the anion gap. Anions that are generally considered "unmeasured" include a few normally occurring serum proteins, and some pathological proteins (e.g., paraproteins found in multiple myeloma).

Similarly, tests do often measure the anion phosphate (PO$3− 4$) specifically, but it isn't used to calculate that "gap," even if it is measured. Commonly 'unmeasured' anions include sulfates and a number of serum proteins.

In normal health there are more measurable cations than measurable anions in the serum; therefore, the anion gap is usually positive. Because we know that plasma is electro-neutral (uncharged), we can conclude that the anion gap calculation represents the concentration of unmeasured anions. The anion gap varies in response to changes in the concentrations of the above-mentioned serum components that contribute to the acid-base balance.

Normal value ranges
Different labs use different formulas and procedures to calculate the anion gap, so the reference range (or "normal" range) from one lab isn't directly interchangeable with the range from another. The reference range provided by the particular lab that performed the testing should always be used to interpret the results. Also, some healthy people may have values outside of the "normal" range provided by any lab.

Modern analyzers use ion-selective electrodes which give a normal anion gap as <11 mEq/L. Therefore, according to the new classification system, a high anion gap is anything above 11 mEq/L. A normal anion gap is often defined as being within the prediction interval of 3–11 mEq/L, with an average estimated at 6 mEq/L.

In the past, methods for the measurement of the anion gap consisted of colorimetry for [HCO$− 3$] and [Cl−] as well as flame photometry for [Na+] and [K+]. Thus normal reference values ranged from 8 to 16 mEq/L plasma when not including [K+] and from 10 to 20 mEq/L plasma when including [K+]. Some specific sources use 15 and 8–16 mEq/L.

Interpretation and causes
Anion gap can be classified as either high, normal or, in rare cases, low. Laboratory errors need to be ruled out whenever anion gap calculations lead to results that do not fit the clinical picture. Methods used to determine the concentrations of some of the ions used to calculate the anion gap may be susceptible to very specific errors. For example, if the blood sample is not processed immediately after it is collected, continued cellular metabolism by leukocytes (also known as white blood cells) may result in an increase in the HCO$− 3$ concentration, and result in a corresponding mild reduction in the anion gap. In many situations, alterations in renal function (even if mild, e.g., as that caused by dehydration in a patient with diarrhea) may modify the anion gap that may be expected to arise in a particular pathological condition.

A high anion gap indicates increased concentrations of unmeasured anions by proxy. Elevated concentrations of unmeasured anions like lactate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate, PO$3− 4$, and SO$2− 4$, which rise with disease or intoxication, cause loss of HCO$− 3$ due to bicarbonate's activity as a buffer (without a concurrent increase in Cl−). Thus, finding a high anion gap should result in a search for conditions that lead to excesses of the unmeasured anions listed above.

High anion gap
The anion gap is affected by changes in unmeasured ions. In uncontrolled diabetes, there is an increase in ketoacids due to metabolism of ketones. Raised levels of acid bind to bicarbonate to form carbon dioxide through the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation resulting in metabolic acidosis. In these conditions, bicarbonate concentrations decrease by acting as a buffer against the increased presence of acids (as a result of the underlying condition). The bicarbonate is consumed by the unmeasured cation(H+) (via its action as a buffer) resulting in a high anion gap.

Causes of high anion gap metabolic acidosis (HAGMA):

 * Lactic acidosis
 * Ketoacidosis
 * Diabetic ketoacidosis
 * Hazardous alcohol use
 * Toxins:
 * Methanol
 * Ethylene glycol
 * Propylene glycol
 * Lactic acid
 * Uremia
 * Aspirin
 * Phenformin (no longer on market in U.S. since 1978 due to severe lactic acidosis, but still a problem globally. "Old metformin")
 * Iron
 * Isoniazid
 * Cyanide, coupled with elevated venous oxygenation
 * Kidney failure, causes high anion gap acidosis by decreased acid excretion and decreased HCO$− 3$ reabsorption. Accumulation of sulfates, phosphates, urate, and hippurate accounts for the high anion gap.

Note: a useful mnemonic to remember this is MUDPILES – Methanol, Uremia, Diabetic Ketoacidosis, Paraldehyde, Infection, Lactic Acidosis, Ethylene Glycol and Salicylates

Normal anion gap
In patients with a normal anion gap the drop in HCO$− 3$ is the primary pathology. Since there is only one other major buffering anion, it must be compensated for almost completely by an increase in Cl−. This is therefore also known as hyperchloremic acidosis.

The HCO$− 3$ lost is replaced by a chloride anion, and thus there is a normal anion gap.

 * Gastrointestinal loss of HCO$− 3$ (i.e., diarrhea) (note: vomiting causes hypochloraemic alkalosis)
 * Kidney loss of HCO$− 3$ (i.e., proximal renal tubular acidosis (RTA) also known as type 2 RTA)
 * Kidney dysfunction (i.e., distal renal tubular acidosis also known as type 1 RTA)
 * Renal hypoaldosterone (i.e., renal tubular acidosis also known as type IV RTA) characterized by elevated serum potassium.
 * There are three types.
 * 1. Low renin may be due to diabetic nephropathy or NSAIDS (and other causes).
 * 2. Low aldosterone may be due to adrenal disorders or ACE inhibitors.
 * 3. Low response to aldosterone maybe due to potassium-sparing diuretics, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, or diabetes (and other causes).

Note: a useful mnemonic to remember this is FUSEDCARS – fistula (pancreatic), uretero-enterostomy, saline administration, endocrine (hyperparathyroidism), diarrhea, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (acetazolamide), ammonium chloride, renal tubular acidosis, spironolactone.
 * Ingestions
 * Ammonium chloride and acetazolamide, ifosfamide.
 * Hyperalimentation fluids (i.e., total parenteral nutrition)
 * Some cases of ketoacidosis, particularly during rehydration with sodium-containing solutions (IV).
 * Alcohols (such as ethanol) can cause a high anion gap acidosis in some patients, but a mixed picture in others due to concurrent metabolic alkalosis.
 * Mineralocorticoid deficiency (Addison's disease)

Low anion gap
A low anion gap is often due to hypoalbuminemia. Albumin is an anionic protein and its loss results in the retention of other negatively charged ions such as chloride and bicarbonate. As bicarbonate and chloride anions are used to calculate the anion gap, there is a subsequent decrease.

The anion gap is sometimes reduced in multiple myeloma, where there is an increase in plasma IgG (paraproteinaemia).

Correcting the anion gap for the albumin concentration
The calculated value of the anion gap should always be adjusted for variations in the serum albumin concentration. For example, in cases of hypoalbuminemia the calculated value of the anion gap should be increased by 2.3 to 2.5 mEq/L per each 1 g/dL decrease in serum albumin concentration (refer to Sample calculations, below). Common conditions that reduce serum albumin in the clinical setting are hemorrhage, nephrotic syndrome, intestinal obstruction and liver cirrhosis. Hypoalbuminemia is common in critically ill patients.

The anion gap is often employed as a simple scanning tool by clinicians at the bedside to detect the presence of anions such as lactate, which can accumulate in critically ill patients. Hypoalbuminemia can mask a mild elevation of the anion gap, resulting in failure to detect an accumulation of unmeasured anions. In the largest study published to date, featuring over 12,000 data sets, Figge, Bellomo and Egi demonstrated that the anion gap, when used to detect critical levels of lactate (greater than 4 mEq/L), exhibited a sensitivity of only 70.4%. In contrast, the albumin-corrected anion gap demonstrated a sensitivity of 93.0%. Therefore, it is important to correct the calculated value of the anion gap for the concentration of albumin, particularly in critically ill patients. Corrections can be made for the albumin concentration using the Figge-Jabor-Kazda-Fencl equation to give an accurate anion gap calculation as exemplified below.

Sample calculations
Given the following data from a patient with severe hypoalbuminemia suffering from postoperative multiple organ failure, calculate the anion gap and the albumin-corrected anion gap.

Data: Calculations:
 * [Na+] = 137 mEq/L;
 * [Cl−] = 102 mEq/L;
 * [HCO$− 3$] = 24 mEq/L;
 * [Normal Albumin] = 4.4 g/dL;
 * [Observed Albumin] = 0.6 g/dL.
 * Anion Gap = [Na+] - ([Cl−] + [HCO$− 3$]) = 137 - (102 + 24) = 11 mEq/L.
 * Albumin-Corrected Anion Gap = Anion Gap + 2.5 x ([Normal Albumin] - [Observed Albumin]) = 11 + 2.5 x (4.4 - 0.6) = 20.5 mEq/L.

In this example, the albumin-corrected anion gap reveals the presence of a significant quantity of unmeasured anions.

title: Anion gap


text:
Talk:Antipope John VIII

Untitled
Yo fellas, I know all about this dude, or it seems a hell of a lot more than you guys do, please could you let me write the full article for him? I promise it will be good.
 * Be bold. Edit the article or it should be deleted.  Roby Wayne  Talk •  Hist 23:09, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

hey
Hey i came across this guy in my ancient history degree course in Leon, why did you delete that which i just wrote, i'm pretty sure its correct
 * It probably keeps being reverted/deleted because the sources aren't cited. Perhaps if you include an external link or some other source, they'll be less likely to revert your changes.  Good luck!   Roby Wayne  Talk •  Hist 23:27, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

ok
ok thanks man

"Facts"
"As an antipope John VIII was the direct rival of Pope Sergius II (844 - 847). An antipope shrouded in mystery and mentioned very little in any writings, John VIII is known to have originated from Dorestad, a city in north-west europe (modern day Netherlands)." Do you have a source for that? Considering you've been adding nothing but nonsense to this article for the past hour, I can only assume this is also made up. Owen× ☎  23:53, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

where can i show my source

 * You seem to know very well how to use this Talk page. Please don't waste our time; if you would like to make a serious contribution to Wikipedia, please do so. If all you want is a place to say "Joe G was here!!", please do so on your own website, and stop vandalizing this page. Owen× ☎  00:15, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

Please expand
The article is a stub because some disputed material was removed. See http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Antipope_John_VIII&oldid=22136717 A verifiable reference might be found in Annuario Pontificio, but I don't have access to a copy of the book. --Eastmain 23:27, 17 January 2007 (UTC)

Pope or Antipope Joan
"There is a rumor that Pope John VIII was actually the first woman Pope or 'Pope Joan.'" These rumors concern Pope John VIII and not the guy of this article, don't they? 95.90.226.37 (talk) 21:29, 27 January 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Antipope John VIII


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Nittwits

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was no consensus. Woohookitty 09:24, 7 September 2005 (UTC)

Nittwits

 * Keep I, the creator of the entry, was alerted to this by a fellow Nittwit. As he correctly pointed out, the Crazies have an article of their own so there's no logical reason why we cannot since both organizations are remarkably similar in purpose. BroadSt Bully 02:58, 6 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, the Crazies have been around for a while, while the Nittwits have only around for about 2 years. They have various articles written about them as well. --Jtalledo (talk) 05:01, 6 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The Nittwits received a great deal of press last year, as is illustrated on their press page... hence it is notable. It is one of the largest and most visible student organizations on campus and adds a great deal of value both to the Penn State athletic scene and student life.BroadSt Bully 14:33, 6 September 2005 (UTC)

Rewritten article BroadSt Bully 03:24, 6 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep The Cameron Crazies have their own entry; therefore I don't see why the Nittwits can't have their own as well. This is something that is going to last at Penn State for generations of students to come. 68.162.127.139 02:43, 6 September 2005 (UTC)

Non-notable entry about a student section at Penn State University basketball games. -- Jtalledo (talk) 23:09, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete If this were an association with a grand tradition behind it I could see it, but their web site says that they were "Founded shortly after the 2003/04 season" so I concur they are not notable. --DavidConrad 00:40, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per DavidConrad. Any discussion of the official student section at Penn State University baskball games belongs in an article about the basketball team since the Nittwits have no independent significance or interest. Quale 19:34, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: File:JLPLTCover.jpg

title: File:JLPLTCover.jpg


text:
Live at Cardiff Castle

Live at Cardiff Castle is a DVD released by Welsh Rock trio, Stereophonics. The DVD features live recordings from a concert at Cardiff Castle on 12 June 1998.

Track listing

 * 1) Looks Like Chaplin
 * 2) Check My Eyelids For Holes
 * 3) "The Bartender and the Thief"
 * 4) Same Size Feet
 * 5) Traffic
 * 6) Too Many Sandwiches
 * 7) Not Up To You
 * 8) T-shirt Suntan
 * 9) "A Thousand Trees"
 * 10) Carrot Cake And Wine
 * 11) Is Yesterday, Tomorrow, Today?
 * 12) Goldfish Bowl
 * 13) Last of the Big Time Drinkers
 * 14) "Local Boy in the Photograph"
 * 15) She Takes Her Clothes Off
 * 16) "I Wouldn't Believe Your Radio"
 * 17) Billy Davey's Daughter
 * 18) Raymond's Shop
 * 19) "More Life in a Tramps Vest"

title: Live at Cardiff Castle


text:
Performance and Cocktails: Live at Morfa Stadium

Performance and Cocktails: Live at Morfa Stadium is a 1999 DVD released by Welsh Rock trio, Stereophonics. The DVD features live recordings from a concert at Morfa Stadium from 31 July 1999.

Track listing

 * 1) Hurry Up and Wait
 * 2) The Bartender and the Thief
 * 3) T-shirt Sun Tan
 * 4) Pick a Part That's New
 * 5) A Thousand Trees
 * 6) Not Up To You
 * 7) Check My Eyelids For Holes
 * 8) I Wouldn't Believe Your Radio
 * 9) She Takes Her Clothes Off
 * 10) Sunny Afternoon
 * 11) Is Yesterday, Tomorrow, Today?
 * 12) Same Size Feet
 * 13) Traffic
 * 14) Last of the Big Time Drinkers
 * 15) Just Looking
 * 16) Looks Like Chaplin
 * 17) Local Boy in the Photograph
 * 18) Roll Up and Shine
 * 19) Nice To Be Out
 * 20) Billy Davey's Daughter
 * 21) I Stopped To Fill My Car Up


text:
The 8:15 from Manchester

The 8:15 from Manchester is a British children's television series that aired on BBC1 on Saturday mornings from 21 April 1990 to 14 September 1991. The show took its name from the train departing from Manchester Piccadilly station for London Euston, which was, and still is at 08:15. It was presented by Ross King and Charlotte Hindle. BBC Radio 1 and subsequently BBC North West weather presenter Dianne Oxberry joined for the second series.

The format was very similar to Going Live!, with imported cartoons (Rude Dog and the Dweebs, The Jetsons and Defenders of the Earth) punctuating items, such as games, music performances and interviews. A regular segment in the first series was "It's Tough At The Top", a Snakes & Ladders game where two teams of two contestants had to win the game without landing on a "snake"  and sliding down into a pool of Gunge. This was replaced in the second series with The Wetter The Better, a game show based in a swimming pool (filmed in Blackpool) and hosted by Ross King with the scores being kept by Sonia. A weekly drama was shown, in which the short episode ended in a dilemma of some sort (e.g. should x tell her sister that y has been cheating on her). Two endings had been filmed and viewers telephoned to vote which ending would be shown.

title: The 8:15 from Manchester


text:
Talk:Jane L. Campbell

Neutrality?
This entry seems to be a little more subjective than objective. Unfortunately, I have no suggestions as of now, but it seems like a good idea that the entry is marked as needing "cleaning". -- 69.9.11.26 23:09, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

 * It should be noted that neutrality disputes regarding this article have been resolved. -- Clevelander 01:11, 28 October 2005 (UTC)

It seems it needs to be reviewed again - seems skewed and heavy handed, while Frank Jackson's page is bubble gum friendly (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_G._Jackson). I'm working on a revision, but in the meanwhile have requested this page be reviewed. Lesliekc 22:20, 2 April 2007 (UTC)

County Commissioner
The date of Campbell's election to County Commissioner is currently noted as 1966. I doubt she was elected at age 13... does anyone know the correct date? Mamawrit es    & listens  11:39, 30 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I found the answer to my question here; she was elected in 1996. Mamawrit  es    & listens  11:44, 30 October 2005 (UTC)

Material removed
I have removed material from that does not comply with our policy on the biographies of living persons. Biographical material must always be referenced from reliable sources, especially negative material. Negative material that does not comply with that must be immediately removed. Note that the removal does not imply that the information is either true or false.

Please do not reinsert this material unless you can provide reliable citations, and can ensure it is written in a neutral tone. Please review the relevant policies before editing in this regard. Editors should note that failure to follow this policy may result in the removal of editing privileges.--Docg 23:20, 2 April 2007 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Jane L. Campbell. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20080704130531/http://www.intel.com/pressroom/archive/releases/20050818comp.htm to http://www.intel.com/pressroom/archive/releases/20050818comp.htm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 07:10, 8 January 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Jane L. Campbell


text:
Dimitrovgrad

Dimitrovgrad (Cyrillic: Димитровград) is the name of three towns in Europe, all named after Georgi Dimitrov:
 * Dimitrovgrad, Bulgaria
 * Dimitrovgrad, Russia
 * Dimitrovgrad, Serbia (also known as Caribrod)

title: Dimitrovgrad


text:
Viala-du-Tarn

Viala-du-Tarn (, literally Viala of the Tarn; Lo Vialar de Tarn) is a commune in the Aveyron department in southern France.

The town of Le Viala dates from Medieval times and contains several interesting towers built in the 14th century. The administration of the Commune maintains a popular swimming beach and small boat access point on the Tarn.

One such tower is pictured at right. Owned by the patriarch of a prominent Anglo-Saxon family, it was renovated from 1985–present.

title: Viala-du-Tarn


text:
Ocaña

Ocaña may refer to:

People

 * Aguas Santas Ocaña Navarro (born 1963), Spanish-born first lady of Honduras
 * Álvaro Ocaña (born 1993), Spanish footballer
 * Ángel Ocaña (born 1960), Spanish professional racing cyclist
 * Christian Ocaña (born 1992), Mexican footballer
 * Graciela Ocaña (born 1960), Argentine politician
 * es:José Pérez Ocaña (1947–83), Spanish painter, anarchist and LGBT activist
 * Luis Ocaña (1945–94), Spanish road bicycle racer
 * Manuel Ortega Ocaña (born 1981), Spanish professional road cyclist
 * Octavio Ocaña (born c. 1982), Mexican actor
 * Layla Jesse Ocana (born 2005), Puerto Rican Karateka

Places

 * Mesa de Ocaña, a comarca in Castilla-La Mancha, Spain, in the province of Toledo
 * Ocaña, Norte de Santander, a city in Colombia
 * Convention of Ocaña, 1828
 * Roman Catholic Diocese of Ocaña
 * Ocaña, Spain, a town in the province of Toledo, Spain
 * Battle of Ocaña (1809), during the Peninsular War

title: Ocaña


text:
Call Us What You Want but Don't Call Us in the Morning

Call Us What You Want but Don't Call Us in the Morning is a DVD released by Welsh rock trio Stereophonics. The DVD features all music videos from the band's first and second albums. It was released in 2000.

Track listing
Word Gets Around
 * 1) Local Boy in the Photograph (1997 version)
 * 2) More Life in a Tramps Vest
 * 3) A Thousand Trees
 * 4) Traffic
 * 5) Local Boy in the Photograph (1998 version)
 * 6) Traffic (from Top Of The Pops)

Performance and Cocktails
 * 1) The Bartender and the Thief
 * 2) Just Looking
 * 3) Pick a Part That's New
 * 4) I Wouldn't Believe Your Radio
 * 5) Hurry Up and Wait
 * 6) Mama Told Me Not to Come


text: User talk:203.22.118.10

title: User talk:203.22.118.10


text:
Lengupá River

The Lengupá is a river in the department of Boyacá, Colombia giving its name to the valley and the province it crosses. The Lengupá flows into the Upía River, which in turn flows into the Meta River, which goes east across the Llanos Orientales plains to the Orinoco.

title: Lengupá River


text: User talk:88.104.38.75

title: User talk:88.104.38.75


text:
Talk:Metroid Dread

GA Status
I've initiated a discussion on the article's GA status on the nominations talk page. Feel free to contribute. DMT biscuit (talk) 16:48, 15 June 2021 (UTC)

GA Reassessment

 * (citation of decision) The current criteria this is a procedural keep. We cannot expect the current article to have information about gameplay, release, reception, etc., as the game currently has not been released. It does not lack such coverage, because such coverage does not exist. I think a good time to reassess on those grounds would perhaps be November, giving some time for reliable sources to process the game and for this article to reflect those. CMD (talk) 03:13, 15 August 2021 (UTC)(ends citation)
 * Status to be reviewed again in November 2021. --Whiteguru (talk) 05:48, 18 August 2021 (UTC)
 * I did not participate in the GAR, but I agree with your closing determination. The game is scheduled for release in October 2021. By November 2021, I'd expect there would be enough coverage about sales and critical reception for editors to work with, so that is a good goalpost for interested editors to work towards. Haleth (talk) 09:55, 21 August 2021 (UTC)
 * I think it's time to revisit this. The article's been stable for a few weeks now but there hasn't been enough work since the game's release. There's no question it's short of the criteria now and this needs to be addressed by the major contributors. For the record, I didn't agree with how it was closed: is it technically possible to close a GAR as "No consensus" with retention of status quo? Ostensibly the same as a procedural keep but with the notable distinction that the discussion is unresolved pending future review. Courtesy ping,, , , ,. —  CR 4 ZE (T • C)  13:33, 1 November 2021 (UTC)
 * Doesn't look like a GA to me - not enough coverage of reception, and there's a whole lot of stuff out there about the development crunch that isn't covered. For the record I still think it was weird to maintain a GA on an article that was going to have to be drastically rewritten - we should prioritise articles, not badges. Popcornfud (talk) 13:41, 1 November 2021 (UTC)
 * This was the exact point raised by myself and many others at the GAR (17 of us versus 10 in opposition—not that consensus is a head-count), but the final verdict was made on a whim by a select few editors. —  CR 4 ZE (T • C)  13:54, 1 November 2021 (UTC)
 * I'm honestly confused on how we should approach this. I was hoping that the "Reception" section I added would've enticed more people to discuss changes made to the article (not just the "Reception" section but the article as a whole), as I knew that I probably wouldn't be able to contribute as much as I wanted mostly because of school and actually trying to play the game first. But alas, no one replied to it. :( However, there's still a week left until the one-month anniversary of the game's release. Maybe between now and the 8th, we could try to add/fix parts of the article before reassessing it? I'll leave it up to the other editors on this one. PantheonRadiance (talk) 19:58, 1 November 2021 (UTC)
 * Yeah, I'm all for delisting. Most of the "keep" votes failed to take into account the fact that the page was bound to change almost entirely once the game was out. There's not much else I can add that's not been said. JOE BRO  64  20:37, 1 November 2021 (UTC)
 * The community close was correct and not on a whim. We are not in the business of predicting the future. The article has to be judged on how it stands at the time of the assessment. It either fails the WP:GACR at that time or meets it. This has played out exactly as the process is meant to play out. As to the questions, some GARs get closed as no consensus if editors can't agree on whether the criteria are met or not and the closer can't differentiate the merits. They always defer to keep as that is the status quo (you can't actually enter a "no consensus" result into the article history so it literally defers to keep at the article talk page). All articles can be reassessed at any time (although obviously disruptive reassessments are dealt with as a behavioral issue) so there is no need for pending future review. Aircorn (talk) 05:10, 13 November 2021 (UTC)
 * You are entitled to your own view just as much as I'm entitled to disagree with it. Should an upcoming release be a GA? Of course not. Not just for the sake of completeness, but that any claim made by RS about the gameplay cannot be verified as the product is still in development. In the case of a video game that moves from cancelled to upcoming, I fail to see the distinction and, like many on the first GAR, felt that a delist would best serve the article to give editors time to continue working post-release without need of a second review. Popcornfud put it best when they said we should prioritise articles, not badges. It serves no end to debate semantics of the last GAR; I hold that the assessment was improper, but alas that is behind us now. Now look where we are; as predicted, we have a GA that falls well short of the criteria. Given there's been no challenge to the current GAR, and with major contributors stepping away, I will move to close and delist the article shortly. —  CR 4 ZE (T • C)  07:02, 15 November 2021 (UTC)

Reception
Hello everyone. A couple of days ago I wanted to make a thread here asking for permission to edit the Reception section for this article, but I decided not to because I felt it wasn't necessary. However, after seeing that the reviews for the game have come out, I think adding this discussion here will be beneficial; seeing as how this article has maintained its GA status for over 5 years, perhaps one good way to preserve the quality of the article is to discuss changes made to it directly beforehand, especially on the Reception section as it has the most potential to change within these next few days. Perhaps we should talk about our intentions for editing the section - identifying reliable sources, what constitutes due weight, copy editing, and so on. This way we make sure that this Reception section has the same level of quality as the other sections of the article.

As of writing this, I just cited a Destructoid review on the section; you may check and edit it if you wish. I also left a comment in the Reception section for anyone to add criticism of the game, specifically the EMMI system. GameSpot and Destructoid both talk about them in detail, and I'm sure plenty of other outlets have also talked about it as well. I would add more, but I have schoolwork I need to take care of.

Anyway, have a good day Wikipedia editors. It's only two days from now, but I can't wait until Dread comes out! PantheonRadiance (talk) 19:13, 6 October 2021 (UTC)

Request
Hello, I think Vaporware Video Games Category must be removed because the game released.--أبو الشاي حليب (talk) 06:15, 8 March 2022 (UTC)

Proposed split
LucianoTheWindowsFan suggests to split Metroid Dread into Metroid Dread (cancelled video game) and Metroid Dread (2021 video game) as the latter has now appeared. Please discuss the proposal below, and LucianoTheWindowsFan, please also provide your reasoning for the split. Felix QW (talk) 19:38, 20 May 2023 (UTC)

 * I don't remember suggesting a split for Metroid Dread. Was it some confusion? LucianoTheWindowsFan (talk) 19:41, 20 May 2023 (UTC)
 * It is listed with your signature at WP:Proposed splits; however due to a lack of volunteers the backlog there is now 2 years, so you actually proposed it in June 2021. Unfortunately, the template that used to be provided at WP:Proposed splits did not actually ask the proposer to list a reason for the split, making it very hard for me now to moderate a discussion on the proposal independently. Felix QW (talk) 19:51, 20 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Ah yes, I did it during its announcement months before the GA reassessment nomination. LucianoTheWindowsFan (talk) 00:28, 21 May 2023 (UTC)

Support splitting of both articles. Considering that the version of the article that talked about Dread as a cancelled game already reached GA status before it finally got announced as a new game, there shouldn't be any doubts or uncertainties about its notability and/or lack of information about it. I'd also support even turning "Metroid Dread (cancelled video game)" into a fully-fledged Development of Metroid Dread article to touch upon how the game was in development hell for a decade and a half. PantheonRadiance (talk) 02:50, 21 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Oppose I navigated to the previous version of the article before the new game got announced, and it's all just geeky speculation and no substance. There needs to be more than that in order to justify a separate page. I think something like Resident Evil 1.5 meets that bar easily, but there's no clear evidence that the original Metroid Dread does, especially since Nintendo is such a secretive company. ᴢxᴄᴠʙɴᴍ (ᴛ) 07:57, 21 May 2023 (UTC)

 * Oppose. Not sure how much appetite there is from the nom for this idea now, but I think all the info can be comfortably covered in a single article as we have it now. Popcornfud (talk) 15:37, 21 May 2023 (UTC)

 * Oppose. The project has been referred to as a "revival" after it was revealed in 2021, and most of the development section for the game lists key details that would go onto appear in the final product. Anonymouseditor2k19 (talk) 21:44, 23 May 2023 (UTC)

 * Oppose - I've been meaning to give my opinion on this subject after coming across with it. No, i oppose to split the page. All of the info regarding the previous incarnations of Dread can be introduced here without issue. Roberth Martinez (talk) 02:02, 3 July 2023 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Now that the game is made after years of development hell the info regarding the game before its revival are not significant enough to warrant its own article, and it can be relegated to being mentioned in this very article. NanaOn-Sha (talk) 12:28, 28 July 2023 (UTC)

Add a release section
Just noticed this game has special editions and amiibos released specifically for this game. Why don't we put a release section and mention those because ALL other Nintendo games do that. Even Samus Returns! NakhlaMan (talk) 05:31, 4 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Metroid Dread


text:
El Porvenir

El Porvenir or Porvenir (Spanish: "The Future") may refer to:

Places

 * Porvenir Municipality, Bolivia
 * Porvenir, Pando, Bolivia
 * Porvenir, Chile
 * Porvenir Volcano, Costa Rica
 * Porvenir, Texas, United States
 * El Porvenir Parish, Palanda Canton, Zamora-Chinchipe, Ecuador
 * El Porvenir, Santa Ana, El Salvador
 * El Porvenir (Maya site), a Maya civilization archaeological site in Petén Department, Guatemala
 * El Porvenir, Atlántida, Honduras
 * El Porvenir, Francisco Morazán, Honduras
 * El Porvenir, Chiapas, Mexico
 * El Porvenir, Chihuahua, Mexico
 * El Porvenir, New Mexico, United States
 * El Porvenir, Chiriquí, Panama
 * El Porvenir, Guna Yala, Panama
 * Porvenir (Norte Chico site), a Norte Chico civilization archaeological site in Peru
 * El Porvenir District, San Martín, Peru
 * El Porvenir District, Trujillo, Peru
 * El Porvenir, Seville, Spain
 * Porvenir, Uruguay

Other uses

 * Club El Porvenir, a football club based in Gerli, Greater Buenos Aires, Argentina
 * Club Porvenir Guaireño, a Paraguayan social club
 * Porvenir Miraflores, a football club based in Miraflores, Lima, Peru
 * El Porvenir (newspaper), Monterrey, Mexico
 * El Porvenir (film), a short documentary film directed by Alfredo Alcántara and Josh Chertoff

title: El Porvenir


text:
Mancallinae

Mancallinae is an extinct subfamily of prehistoric flightless alcids that lived on the Pacific coast of today's California and Mexico from the late Miocene epoch to the early Pleistocene (ranging from at least 7.4 million to 470,000 years ago). They are sometimes collectively referred to as Lucas auks after the scientist who described the first species, Frederic Augustus Lucas.

Description
They had evolved along somewhat similar lines as the great auk, their North Atlantic ecological counterpart, but their decidedly stubbier wings were in some aspects more convergent with penguins. Compared with the subarctic great auk, they were also smaller (see also: Bergmann's Rule): Praemancalla species have been estimated to have weighed about 3 kg. Most Mancalla forms weighed somewhat less (about 2.4 kg), with M. milleri being a smaller (1.65 kg) and M. emlongi a much larger bird (3.8 kg) than the rest. The last species thus stood around 55–60 cm high in life. The largest species, Miomancalla howardi, was the largest charadriiforme of all time.

Evolution and classification
In a 2011 paper, N. Adam Smith published a review and revision of the Mancallinae. Smith defined Mancallinae as the clade containing Mancalla, Miomancalla, their common ancestor and all its descendants. A summary of his results follows.

 * Pan-Alcidae Smith, 2011
 * Mancallinae L.Miller, 1946
 * Mancalla Lucas, 1901
 * Mancalla californiensis Lucas, 1901
 * Mancalla cedrosensis Howard, 1971
 * Mancalla lucasi Smith, 2011
 * Mancalla vegrandis Smith, 2011
 * Miomancalla Smith, 2011
 * Miomancalla howardi (Smith, 2011)
 * Miomancalla wetmorei (Howard, 1976)

The following species could not be identified as unquestionable mancallines, and have been assigned to Pan-Alcidae incertae sedis. They may be mancallines, or more closely related to true auks.
 * Alcodes ulnulus Howard, 1968
 * Mancalla diegensis Miller, 1937
 * Mancalla milleri Howard, 1970

The following species could not be differentiated from other recognized species of mancallines (see above), and have been assigned to Mancallinae incertae sedis.
 * Mancalla emlongi Olson, 1981
 * Praemancalla lagunensis Howard, 1966

The mancallines probably evolved from proto-puffins, which must have been birds not dissimilar to the rhinoceros auklet. Accordingly, their status as a subfamily has been questioned as this would make the Alcinae (true auks) paraphyletic. However, the mancallines were a very distinct and unique evolutionary lineage and are thus usually retained as a subfamily. They must have diverged from flying ancestors during the mid-Miocene, roughly 15 mya.

Alcodes is known from a single ulna found in Late Miocene (Clarendonian, 9–12 mya) deposits at Laguna Hills, California. While assignment of such a fragmentary fossil is always problematical, the ulna is a fairly distinctive bone and that of Alcodes is quite peculiar. However, it is more allied with the Mancallines as a matter of convenience; additional material would be needed to confirm this relationship. From the bone's measurements, it seems probable that this species was flightless and judging from its age, it either represents an earlier development parallelling Mancalla, or a third lineage of flightless auks.

Praemancalla is known from Clarendonian to Early Pliocene remains. It is similar to Mancalla, but less extreme in its adaptations and it is quite possibly that the latter genus evolved from one of the two known species. Mancalla was a common species throughout the Pliocene, appearing in the Hemphillian stage of the Late Miocene (5–9 mya), and spreading in the Pliocene, with 4 species apparently coexisting at one time on the coast of southern California.

As with many marine birds, the mancalline auks were much affected by the extinction crisis in the late Pliocene oceans. This coincided with the diversification of marine mammals, but may ultimately have been caused by increased supernova activity in the vicinity of the solar system. Despite their apparent awkwardness, they seem to have been quite well adapted for flightless birds, with the fossil record suggesting that the last remnants did not disappear until the Early Pleistocene, some time after the ecological changes had passed their peak.

title: Mancallinae