text:
Convict assignment

Convict assignment was the practice used in many penal colonies of assigning convicts to work for private individuals. Contemporary abolitionists characterised the practice as virtual slavery, and some, but by no means all, latter-day historians have agreed with this assessment.

In Australia, every penal colony except Western Australia had a system of convict assignment. Convicts in Western Australia were never assigned, with the debatable exception of the Parkhurst apprentices.

The system was abolished in New South Wales and Van Diemen's Land on 1 July 1841 and replaced with the probation gang system. After working for two years in a labour gang, if they were well-behaved, convicts received 'probation passages' which meant they could work for wages.

title: Convict assignment


text:
Telegraphist

A telegraphist (British English), telegrapher (American English), or telegraph operator is an operator who uses a telegraph key to send and receive the Morse code in order to communicate by land lines or radio.

During the First World War the Royal Navy enlisted many volunteers as radio telegraphists. Telegraphists were indispensable at sea in the early days of wireless telegraphy, and many young men were called to sea as professional radiotelegraph operators who were always accorded high-paying officer status at sea. Subsequent to the Titanic disaster and the Radio Act of 1912, the International Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) conventions established the 500kHz maritime distress frequency monitoring and mandated that all passenger-carrying ships carry licensed radio telegraph operators.

In popular culture

 * The telegraphist mouse in Australia and the Marshall Islands from The Rescuers Down Under.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Telegraphist


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List of Microsoft Windows versions

Microsoft Windows is a computer operating system developed by Microsoft. It was first launched in 1985 as a graphical operating system built on MS-DOS. The initial version was followed by several subsequent releases, and by the early 1990s, the Windows line had split into two separate lines of releases: Windows 9x for consumers and Windows NT for businesses and enterprises. In the following years, several further variants of Windows would be released: Windows CE in 1996 for embedded systems; Pocket PC in 2000 (renamed to Windows Mobile in 2003 and Windows Phone in 2010) for personal digital assistants and, later, smartphones; Windows Holographic in 2016 for AR/VR headsets; and several other editions.

Personal computer versions
A "personal computer" version of Windows is considered to be a version that end-users or OEMs can install on personal computers, including desktop computers, laptops, and workstations.

The first five versions of Windows–Windows 1.0, Windows 2.0, Windows 2.1, Windows 3.0, and Windows 3.1–were all based on MS-DOS, and were aimed at both consumers and businesses. However, Windows 3.1 had two separate successors, splitting the Windows line in two: the consumer-focused "Windows 9x" line, consisting of Windows 95, Windows 98, and Windows Me; and the professional Windows NT line, comprising Windows NT 3.1, Windows NT 3.5, Windows NT 3.51, Windows NT 4.0, and Windows 2000. These two lines were reunited into a single line with the NT-based Windows XP; this Windows release succeeded both Windows Me and Windows 2000 and had separate editions for consumer and professional use. Since Windows XP, multiple further versions of Windows have been released, the most recent of which is Windows 11.

Mobile versions
Mobile versions refer to versions of Windows that can run on smartphones or personal digital assistants.

Windows MultiPoint Server
Windows MultiPoint Server was an operating system based on Windows Server. It was succeeded by the MultiPoint Services role in Windows Server 2016 and Windows Server version 1709. It was no longer being developed in Windows Server version 1803 and later versions.

ARM-based tablets
In 2012 and 2013, Microsoft released versions of Windows specially designed to run on ARM-based tablets; these versions of Windows, named "Windows RT" and "Windows RT 8.1," were based on Windows 8 and Windows 8.1, respectively. Upon the release of Windows 10 in 2015, the ARM-specific version for large tablets was discontinued; large tablets (such as the Surface Pro 4) were only released with x86 processors and could run the full version of Windows 10. Windows 10 Mobile had the ability to be installed on smaller tablets (up to nine inches); however, very few such tablets were released, and Windows 10 Mobile primarily ended up only running on smartphones until its discontinuation. In 2017, the full version of Windows 10 gained the ability to run on ARM, thus rendering a specific version of Windows for ARM-based tablets unnecessary.

Surface Hub
Microsoft originally announced the Surface Hub, an interactive whiteboard, in January 2015. The Surface Hub family of devices runs a custom variant of Windows 10 known as Windows 10 Team.

Windows XP-based tablets
Two versions of Windows XP were released that were optimized for tablets. Beginning with Windows Vista, all tablet-specific components were included in the main version of the operating system.

Other embedded versions

 * Windows Embedded Industry
 * Windows Embedded Automotive

title: List of Microsoft Windows versions


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Talk:MetroStars

New merge discussion
There is a new merge discussion going on over at Red Bull New York. KitHutch 02:47, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Next time, can we have more than two days before somebody calls the discussion off? It's obvious that personal feelings haven't cooled to the point where we can disuss this rationally.  --Chancemichaels 16:41, 3 October 2006 (UTC)Chancemichaels

Merge resolution
Since it's obvious no resolution will be reached, I have modified this page to have a very brief history of the club and the explanation of some of the problems the sale created. It is now very similiar to the Anaheim Angels. DR31 (talk) 23:23, 10 March 2006 (UTC)
 * This looks very good to me.--Mike Selinker 05:02, 11 March 2006 (UTC)
 * I like this merger resolution as well. KitHutch 16:41, 11 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Good work. This seems the most pragmatic situation.  young american  (talk) 03:22, 12 March 2006 (UTC)

Do not move this page
This page should stay here to preserve the MetroStars from 1996-2005. DR31 (talk) 13:39, 9 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Assuming Red Bull announces that the 'new' team has no history, I agree that this article should remain and a new 'Red Bull NYC' or whatever article be created. However, what if the announcement indicates otherwise, i.e. simple renaming, new ownership, etc.? I read the announcement and there is no indicatiuon that the team history is being excluded... --Elliskev 14:31, 9 March 2006 (UTC)

 * It's not, yet. However, I would like to preserve the old MetroStars page here and continute updating Red Bull New York, drawing a clear line in between. Although RB assumes Metro history (so far), there's no harm in having two pages, like they did with Wimbledon F.C. and Milton Keynes Dons F.C. and AFC Wimbledon.

 * I agree. This is different than Dallas Burn/FC Dallas or Wiz/Wizards in that it's not just a renaming.  There's new ownership and it will likely be a very different team (fan experience, etc.). My condolences... --Elliskev 15:19, 9 March 2006 (UTC)

 * The difference in that situation was that the team was moved away from its fans. This is just a rebranding - the "new" team has the same personnel, acknowledges the history of the "old" club, maintains the same contracts, same stadium plan, etc.  Not the same as Wimbledon FC at all.

 * Other than the unusual but not unprecedented step of rebranding the club for a new corporate owner (as opposed to the old corporate owner that gave them the MetroStars name), this isn't substantively any different than any other club rebranding. --Chancemichaels 18:19, 10 March 2006 (UTC)Chancemichaels

From newyorkredbulls.com: Over 750 people registered for a free trip to Washington to see the Red Bulls' first-ever game against D.C. United. As far as I know, the MetroStars and DC played at least 45 times through the 10 years. Yes, they really intend to keep the history of the franchise. NOT. It's lip service, if anything. DR31 (talk) 14:25, 22 March 2006 (UTC)

They are right. It is the first ever Red Bulls game. All other games played by this club has been as the Metrostars. KitHutch 01:45, 23 March 2006 (UTC)

Merge?
I think that this page should be merged with Red Bull New York. The new owners are not erasing the history of the franchise. It's just a name change. KitHutch 17:37, 9 March 2006 (UTC)

I disagree, see my comments above. --Elliskev 17:56, 9 March 2006 (UTC)

No. MetroStars history should be preserved. A key point is that although RB uses Metro history (now), they can re-write it (witness last week's articles on MLSnet already: Red Bulls sign Canadian national team midfielder Adrian Serioux). Ummm... no. And then they can go back and say RBNY is not Metro, who knows what the long-term plan is. Let's not rewrite history on Wikipedia. This page will cover Metro from 1996-2005, and the rest can go on living on RBNY page. Trust me, from someone who knows a lot about this deal: it's more than just a name change. DR31 (talk) 18:22, 9 March 2006 (UTC)

I support the merge. There's precedent here; Washington Bullets redirects to Washington Wizards, for instance. This is the easiest and most logical way. It's the same franchise, just a different name. It's comparable to, say, a woman with an article on Wikipedia who gets married and changes her name. We don't retain an article with her old name just for the sake of past history. The voting going on here is a bit sloppy, could we organize it a little better? StarryEyes 20:09, 9 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Again, its a little more than just the continuation of the same franchise. It's not the Bullets/Wizards example or the Burn/FCD example. It's an unprecedented< example in US sports. Trust me, from someone who knows a lot about this deal: it's more than just a name change. Look, I spent a lot of time the past two years keeping this page (and other MLS pages up) to standard. If Wikipedia users vote to erase the MetroStars, I'm gone for good. I thought this was one place which can preserve history. I see NO HARM in it. DR31 (talk) 20:25, 9 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Unusual? Yes.  Unprecedented?  No.  See Orlando Miracle.  --Chancemichaels 18:03, 10 March 2006 (UTC)Chancemichaels
 * I stand corrected. DR31 (talk) 18:22, 10 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Let me add this. If these pages are merged (which is what hapenned in the Wimbledon case, which is the closest possible precedent on Wikipedia), you will see a lot of in-fighting between two sets of fans. Originally, Wimbledon F.C. redirected to Milton Keynes Dons F.C. when the club was sold. Then, it was separated, in an effort to preserve history and prevent the in-fighting. Yes, the situation is different here since the club didn't move. But it's much close to the Wimbledon situation than to the of the Bullets/Wizards. I don't think any outsider can understand that. DR31 (talk) 20:41, 9 March 2006 (UTC)

DR31, perhaps you can edit Red Bull New York to explain how this deal is unprecedented? Having edited with you for a while on Wikipedia, I'm inclined to trust your judgement on this, but making it clear could demonstrate exactly why a merge is a poor solution.  howch e  ng   {chat} 20:55, 9 March 2006 (UTC)
 * I will try to add some things to it, but unfortunately a lot of the stuff I can't delve into. Probably the best example on Wikipedia is Jaguar Racing and Red Bull Racing. Red Bull bought the team and kept its history (I believe), but the Jaguar page is kept for historical reasons. DR31 (talk) 20:59, 9 March 2006 (UTC)

As of right now, I support a merge here. Dr31, please go into more detail about why this is more like the Wimbledon-Milton Keynes example than others. As of right now, the basis of your argument lies the possibility of you excersizing your right to leave and in "trusting" you on items you cannot "delve into." This message is not meant to be hostile and I honestly want to hear more about your side of the arguement. If you can give some more details on why this is more than a transfer and a name change, I will be more than happy to back you up in a fight against the merge. Cheers.  young american (talk) 21:21, 9 March 2006 (UTC)
 * This is the FIRST time a corporation bought an American sports club and re-branded it in its image. I added some stuff to the Red Bull page explaining the situation and conflict. Look, for the past week I've been doing damage control and dealing with 100s of fans each with their own idea of (is it the same club? an evolved club? a new club?) and each person -- each Metro supporter, not outsider -- has his own idea. At the end, the overall conscensus is to move on with the new club (although MANY are abandoning it, meaning they are MetroStars fans and will NOT be Red Bull NY fans, meaning seeing no MetroStars page on Wikipedia will be a slap in the face to those people), but also preserve the Metro history as separate. Especially considering Red Bull's history of wiping out and re-writing history for many of its purchases. Again Red Bulls sign Canadian national team midfielder Adrian Serioux. When this press release came out, there was no such thing as "Red Bulls". Let's not rewrite history at Wikipedia. DR31 (talk) 21:28, 9 March 2006 (UTC)

 * No, it isn't "the FIRST time a corporation bought an American sports club and re-branded it in its image". See Orlando Miracle.  Chancemichaels 17:47, 10 March 2006 (UTC)Chancemichaels

 * Additionally, the Arena football team from Sacramento was relocated and renamed to the Miami Hooters, after the restaurant chain. See Florida Bobcats. User:Jorelson 16:52, 2 April 2006 (UTC)

 * I oppose the merge, though probably not for the reasons Dr31 can't tell us about. We have a near-exact parallel to this that has occurred in Wikipedia's lifetime: Anaheim Angels. A controversial (and, in my opinion, equally horrible) name change left a short article under that title, and a longer article under Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim. There's even a third article describing the fight over the name. So I think there should definitely be a MetroStars article, and a RBNY article. What's in one and what's in the other is perhaps unclear, but let's keep both.--Mike Selinker 21:42, 9 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Good precedent, preserved history, and prevented further in-fighting. Although this change is a little more drastic. DR31 (talk) 21:53, 9 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Which, of course, will allow you to write a Red Bull New York name dispute article. :^) --Mike Selinker 00:06, 10 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Only when the dust settles. It's been an insane week. DR31 (talk) 00:50, 10 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Better to clean up the appalling Angels entries than replicate that mess here. --Chancemichaels 18:28, 10 March 2006 (UTC)Chancemichaels
 * I now oppose merging, per the Angles articles. I would like to see these articles parallel the format of those articles. Thanks, Dr31 and Mike Selinker for addressing my concerns.  young american  (talk) 13:44, 10 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Thank you. Yes, if the MetroStars page just has a short history of the club and explain the rebranding issues, I will be fine with that. I just don't want Tab Ramos or Roberto Donadoni or Tim Howard pages pointing directly to RBNY. It's just not right. DR31 (talk) 14:27, 10 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Now, a key point which I forgot to mention is that it's possible (not likely, but possible), that a new expansion team called the MetroStars will be created maybe 5 years down the line, which will assume the original Metro history (think Cleveland Browns/Baltimore Ravens). If that is the case, we'll have a HUGE mess on our hands (or at least those of us who will be on Wikipedia at that point) trying to break the two up if they are merged. DR31 (talk) 00:50, 10 March 2006 (UTC)

 * For reference: You might want to check out this heated debate when the Montreal Expos became the Washington Nationals. Zzyzx11 (Talk) 02:01, 10 March 2006 (UTC)

I disagree, and I support a merge. Red Bull New York is officially the same team as the Metrostars, just renamed. There should only be one page for each team, and RBNY/Metros are the same team. I know this site has a page for the Montreal Expos, but that decision is wrong. It's common sense. You're letting your emotions get in the way of facts. --Scaryice 04:47, 10 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Why is that decision wrong? Why are any decisions on Wikipedia right? There are number of cases when separate pages exist (Angels, Expos, Jaguar Racing, Nordiques, Jets, USSR national team, Czechoslovakia national team, others). And there are number of cases where it's in one page. As I said above, there is no precedent for this situation in American sports. DR31 (talk) 13:35, 10 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I believe that in any case where the team's history is kept, then there should only be one team page for that team. I don't care what has been done elsewhere on the site. Just because other pages have been done that way doesn't mean it's the correct decision. I think it's wrong in every case. --Scaryice 00:48, 12 March 2006 (UTC)

So there are precedents either way for a merge or a redirect. Regardless, whichever way is chosen now you can always undo it later, so there's no real need for this debate to get too heated. At this point I think that the arguments for a merge are more analytical and those for separate articles are more passionate. Given the emotion, I say let's leave them as separate articles. If it turns out to be a dumb idea, you can always merge it in the future.  howch e  ng   {chat} 16:52, 10 March 2006 (UTC)

 * That sounds reasonable. There's no urgency here. It can always be revisited. --Elliskev 17:10, 10 March 2006 (UTC)

I support the merge. The new club is keeping the history of the old one, just as the Los Angeles Dodgers kept the history of the Brooklyn Dodgers, the Brooklyn Robins, the Brooklyn Bridegrooms and all the other names the team used. If the Seattle Pilots are part of the Milwaukee Brewers' page, and the St. Louis Browns are part of the Baltimore Orioles' page, then why separate these two versions of the same franchise? Chancemichaels 17:45, 10 March 2006 (UTC)Chancemichaels
 * At then we have Montreal Expos, Quebec Nordiques, Winnipeg Jets, Jaguar Racing, Anaheim Angels, etc. Why don't people read the above arguments before posting the same thing again? DR31 (talk) 18:18, 10 March 2006 (UTC)
 * I have read the arguments; I simply find them unpersuasive. The fact is that Wikipedia does not have a clear policy, as you and I have demonstrated with our counter-examples.  That means you'll need more to justify keeping this page than the fact that it has sometimes been done in the past.

 * I can see creating a new entry when a team leaves a market, such as the Expos. This is merely a rebranding of a team.  They aren't leaving the market, they aren't giving up the history of the MetroStars, they aren't starting from scratch.  It's the same club, same personnel, same location, just a new name.  Chancemichaels 18:25, 10 March 2006 (UTC)Chancemichaels.

Support It is the same franchise, just a new name. That's what the owners, both old and new, hte GM the coach the league commissioner, etc. have all said. Look, I'm sorry to see the nifty Red and Black unis go, but this team is the same franchise! --oknazevad 18:15, 10 March 2006 (UTC)

Isn't it obvious no solution will be reached? And I thought Wikipedia was not about rewriting history. DR31 (talk) 18:21, 10 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Merging articles is not "rewriting history." Chancemichaels 18:28, 10 March 2006 (UTC)Chancemichaels

 * The team was not moved away from its fans in the physical sense, but about 20% of the fans are saying they want nothing to do with the new team. And more than half of those who will support RBNY, will not call them "Red Bull". If Wikipedia wants to spit in the face of those fans, go right ahead, merge the pages.

 * You know, it's sad. I spent the past two years working on this page and hundreds of other MLS pages, keeping them up to date, checking facts, cleaning up others' (and my own) work, creating new pages. Now people (and not all, but 50% of them) who have never edited this page, or any other MLS page, or have no idea about the schism in MetroStars/RBNY supporters, or the rewriting of history that Red Bull is trying to do, have a voice. As I said it above, if this page is merged, Wikipedia is dead to me. I know, I am just one person, and I know that while I too a sabatical for the summer, a number of users helped keep MLS pages updated. And Wikipedia will survive without me. Whatever. DR31 (talk) 18:34, 10 March 2006 (UTC)

 * None of that addresses my point, which is that merging articles is not "rewriting history." Red Bull New York is keeping the MetroStars history.  They're simply rebranding the team.  ---Chancemichaels 21:20, 10 March 2006 (UTC)Chancemichaels

 * How is it erasing history? If you go to Tim Howard's page, and click on MetroStars, and it redirects you to Red Bull New York, how is that not re-writing history? And I don't care about precedents, because as numerous other examples have shown, there are precedents on both sides of the debate. Each case, each "precedent", be it Angels, Bullets, Connecticut Sun, or Wimbledon, is different. And as I've said it numerous times, because of the HUGE schism in the fans (as well as a number of other points you can't just ignore), it's more than a simple rebranding. I'm tired of repeating myself, but if I need to drive this point accross, I will. DR31 (talk) 21:44, 10 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I don't think that a consensus exists to do this. I have posted this proposal at Proposed mergers to solicit outside opinion. As a side, I think some weight should be given to editors that have invested time in this article. That's not to say anything about ownership or imply that edits should not be expected to berewritten, reverted, etc.  It's just to point out that this article has history and that history includes some dedicated editors... FWIW --Elliskev 18:35, 10 March 2006 (UTC)

 * You're right. Personally, I don't think a consensus is possible until the heat of the moment passes.  There's too much emotion right now.  Maybe in a couple weeks, we can give this the dispassionate regard it deserves. ---Chancemichaels 21:19, 10 March 2006 (UTC)Chancemichaels

 * I'm sorry, but from someone who supported this team through 10 years of crap, and now has spent the past 2 weeks dealing with my own sentiment on this change while listening to 100s of other supporters, all with their own opinion, I will never be dispassionate about this. I came to Wikipedia 2 years ago when MetroStars was a simple stub. I came with the goal to grow the world's awareness of the team -- and the league. If I was dispassionate, there would be no this page in its current state, or 100s of other pages. If you or others, who can't tell Ruben Dario Hernandez from Daniel Hernandez from Jason Hernandez want to kill my work and help erase the memory of your team, I will try my best to prevent it. What harm is it to have the MetroStars page give a short history of the team's first 10 years, while the rest is continued at RBNY? DR31 (talk) 21:37, 10 March 2006 (UTC)

New ownership purchasing a team and coming up with a new name and direction has happened previously in sports history. The fact that the franschise was not disbanded and restarted, regardless of what the new ownership is saying, means that Red Bull New York is simply the 2006 version of the 2005 MetroStars. There is ample precedent to make the name change a redirect, which has been done in almost all cases. The fact that the two articles overlap for 98% of their content only proves that these are duplicate articles. Just look at the article for the "New" team and tell me how it differs? Do fans like the new name and direction? Who cares? It's irrelevant. This makes no more sense than having separate article for Cassius Clay and Muhammad Ali. The answer is simple: Merge the trivial difference into the Red Bull New York article and redirect. If, in the future, there is a real justification to separate the article, then the MetroStars content from the Rd Bull New York article should be pulled out, reinserted into the MetroStars article and the redirect removed. Until then, the fact that there is huge amounts of duplicate information in the two articles says that they're one and the same. If the articles must exist as separate article, draw a sharp line and split the content between the two. Alansohn 17:32, 12 March 2006 (UTC)
 * See above. DR31 (talk) 18:50, 12 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I support the merge. The fact of the matter is that it's the same club. And from the size of the Red Bull New york article, DR31 is probably right about the duplicate article thing. Kingjeff 00:56, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

As a UK football fan who has only just become aware of this situation (after finding out I could watch the Red Bulls/DC United game ofr free), and looked up the rebranding on wikipedia, having two articles seems simply bizarre. It's effectively nothing more than a name change; they're not two separate clubs, and it seems to me that there should be a "Red Bull New York" page with a footnote ragrding the previous name. --Cruci 22:11, 2 April 2006 (UTC)
 * I support the merge. It is the same club, in the same area. It is a simple name change. It is inpracticle to have two articles about the same team. I think it should redirect. What I don't understand is that on this discussion page over whether to merge or not, more people support the merge/redirct than don't, and we still haven't merged. Why not, why does the minority get to have their way?Comedy240 21:15, 15 April 2006 (UTC)
 * It seems like we're at an 8-5 division. That sounds like enough for a merge. I've certainly gone from "What an outrageously horrible name!" to "Yeah, they should really have a better name" in the past couple months. So yeah, maybe a merge with a "The Name Change" section as on Washington Wizards is a good idea. However, the merge fight currently going on over at Anaheim Angels suggests that maybe an AfD would be the way to go.--Mike Selinker 05:20, 20 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Response to Mike Selinker - I guess Wikipedia isn't a democracy, 5 people who don't like a name change outrule 8 people that know that Red Bull New York and the MetroStars ARE THE SAME TEAM! It is silly that this is still an article, the vote is 8-5 in favour of merge!!!!!! Comedy240 16:04, 5 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Right, so I'm saying if you want it deleted, put it up on AfD and let's see if more people brings more clarity. 8-5 seems pretty muddled to me.--Mike Selinker 05:32, 6 July 2006 (UTC)

Featured
MetroStars will be the featured article on the football portal for the next week. Phoenix2 05:02, August 25, 2005 (UTC)

Merge request (March 2007)
The result was merge into Red Bull New York. -- JohnnyBGood  t  c  VIVA! 22:58, 15 May 2007 (UTC)
 * This discussion has been included in WikiProject Football's list of football (soccer) related page moves. // Laughing Man 01:42, 16 March 2007 (UTC)

It should be merged because the red bulls history is the metros history after all. —Preceding unsigned comment added by NYRB (talk • contribs) 02:25, March 15, 2007 (UTC)
 * Merge - I agree, it's the same team, it should be merged into the history section of Red Bull New York article. // Laughing Man 03:04, 15 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Merge - Reading the discussions above, the oppose arguments basically amount to "there are factions of fans who opposed the name change" and "I worked on this article more than you", which seems counter to WP:OWN. Clubs changing their name is hardly new, either in soccer or American sports. Ytny (talk) 03:34, 15 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Oppose We already had this discussion last year. It was resoluted then not to merge.  We don't need to have it again. KitHutch 12:56, 15 March 2007 (UTC)
 * I don't know, there was hardly a consensus against the merge. If anything, most users agreed that the Metrostars and RBNY are one and the same, and DR31's arguments were emotional and not all policy-based.  Ytny (talk) 04:20, 16 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Just merge it and see how it is, if its not good split it. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 68.199.35.102 (talk) 19:44, 15 March 2007 (UTC).
 * No. Discussion is good. Punkmorten 08:48, 16 March 2007 (UTC)

Abse
 * Not too much discussion —Preceding unsigned comment added by NYRB (talk • contribs) 02:25, March 15, 2007 (UTC)

 * Merge, this is the same franchise as the Red Bulls. The owner has changed but all records, team members, home field, and stats are the same. The league considers them one continuous franchise. There are no mitigating factors such as with the Montreal Expos (ie the team moved).Gateman1997 23:44, 16 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Merge. They're the same club, their histories should be combined. Che84 19:05, 17 March 2007 (UTC)

 * No merge. There hasn't been a change in consensus between then and now. Time has passed, yes, but little else, except statements by Red Bull management disavowing the existence of any past the team had,  and that's no shining endorsement or acknowledgement that RBNY and MetroStars were one and the same.  This almost borders on being a merge proposal made in bad faith. Roehl Sybing 02:49, 18 March 2007 (UTC)

 * According to the article on RBNY, it says "Founded: 1995 (as NY/NJ MetroStars)," implying that they are the same club. If we're debating what we should have on this site, then we should be able to look at it for information, and make sure things stay consistent.  Keeping the articles separate makes Wikipedia contradict itself. Che84 05:27, 18 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Without saying whether or not it's contradictory, Wikipedia nonetheless reflects the reality regarding this issue. There has been no notable change in consensus since the last time a merge was proposed.  Absent that consensus in favor of merging, what amounts to POV can't be imposed in favor of "consistency" that is not acceptable at this time. Roehl Sybing 05:41, 18 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Maybe I'm seeing a different reality than you, but I think that Wikipedia reflects the fact that the two teams are the same. Che84 05:57, 18 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Obviously not, or else these two pages wouldn't exist separately in the first place. I'm not interested in persuading you or changing your mind - you're not going to get anywhere convincing me - but I wanted to give my perception of this issue and hope that it's confirmed by other users. Roehl Sybing 03:29, 19 March 2007 (UTC)
 * A couple of things. First, what consensus? If anything, the consensus (or at least something close to it) in previous discussions was in favor of the merge. Second, POV? The verifiable fact, i.e. the official position of MLS and RBNY, is that Metrostars and RBNY are a single club. Trying to interpret a Red Bull (NB: not RBNY) official's comment in who knows what context or phrasing in a website blurb is the very definition of POV. You can't verify that RBNY has severed itself from the Metrostars, the way the Dynamo did with the Earthquakes. Ytny (talk) 06:18, 18 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Also what consensus is he referring to. Last time as I can see from the previous discussion there was no consensus. Also even if there was consensus can change. And it appears to be changing toward merge thus far in this discussion. (Also a note, it wasn't the Houston franchise that decided not to take SJ's history but MLS and the city of SJ that demanded they not as it is being handed off to the new Earthquakes when they are officially reconstitued in the next few months). Gateman1997 04:43, 19 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Then I'll spell it out in bright neon lights, in case no one's been paying attention: has there been a shift over time from no consensus to a consensus for merging? I don't believe there is, but if I'm wrong, I'll merge the two pages myself. Roehl Sybing 13:00, 19 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Well as it stands right now only two people are objecting to merging while so far 7 seem to think it's the thing to do. That's a consensus to merge. That and the closing admin will surely take into account the arguments. The merge people have the MLS, RBNY and Wikipedia precedent on their side. Dallas Burn, Kansas City Wiz, San Jose Clash, Houston 1836 all redirect to the team's current names. Why should Metrostars be any different? MLS, RBNY, the owners and most of the fans consider it one continuous team, just because one Metrostars website and a few disgruntled fans object isn't a reason to have a seperate page. Don't get me wrong I understand the emotion behind that, but other then emotion there is no reason to oppose a merge. Gateman1997 15:39, 19 March 2007 (UTC)
 * From a Wikipedia standpoint, this isn't about emotion at all, and whether or not the opposition is unjustified, the opposition, in my opinion, is real, and that reality has to be negotiated with. It is also unreasonable to tally votes merely three days into a discussion.  I can still be wrong and sentiment may have changed over time, but I'm still wait and see for the whole picture. Roehl Sybing 16:32, 19 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Problem is the opposition, what little opposition that does exist, is largely irrelevant. It has no bearing on the team's actual situation, which is that their name is now RBNY and all the Metrostar history belongs to RBNY. The opposition can be noted in the RBNY article under the history section. A few disgruntled fans don't change reality or fact, and the fact of the situation and reality is that RBNY is the current name of the franchise that was formerly the Metrostars. Wikipedia should reflect reality, not a small segment of the team's fans who refuse to accept reality. Gateman1997 01:43, 20 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Merge and Delete. There is no need or justification to have two articles about the same topic. MetroStars should simply be a redirect to the current team name. aLii 20:02, 18 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Jaguar Racing and Red Bull Racing are the same F1 team. How come they get two pages on Wikipedia?  The same should be followed for the Metrostars and Red Bulls. KitHutch 20:11, 19 March 2007 (UTC)
 * As I understand it Red Bull racing purchased Jaguar racing but they're not the same continuous team. Red Bull doesn't claim Jaguar's history as their own. This is the same as when Red Bull bought FC Red Bull Salzburg. They don't claim the history of the earlier teams. The same is not true in MLS, the league, Red Bull, and the majority of the fans claim the history of the Metrostars as being one and the same as the Red Bulls. Red Bull NY and the Metrostars are the exact same team and franchise just with a name change. Not unlike the Kansas City Wiz/Wizards, Washington Senators/Minnesota Twins, Dallas Burn/FC Dallas, Washington Senators/Texas Rangers, Houston Oilers/Tenn Titans, etc... etc... There is only 2 examples in modern franchise sports where teams changed names and didn't take the history with them, Cleveland's Browns and the San Jose Earthquakes. The fact that a few fans don't like the new name doesn't change the fact that Red Bull NY is the former Metrostars. Even if NY does get a new Metrostars team they won't be able to claim the old Metrostar's history. This is similar to the "new" Washington Senators not claiming the old Washington Senators history . JohnnyBGood  t  c  VIVA! 20:53, 19 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Merge NYRB is the same club, since owners decided to recognize Metrostars history. That way we will have to create articles for every historical name every professional team has had, and most of them had a few. Metrostars is part of NYRB history and no way needs an article of it's own. (BanRay 16:36, 25 March 2007 (UTC))
 * No Merge Different incarnations of the same team, regarded as significantly separate by the team's fans that having a separate article is important. Forcing the articles together would be a de facto attempt to suppress the controversy, to my mind.  Bill Oaf 21:13, 27 March 2007 (UTC)
 * This is no different then the Anaheim Angels name change controversy. That ended with merged articles. No reason this is any different. Gateman1997 02:50, 28 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Precisely. Once the emotions died down, it was decided that since the teams were the same in every respect but name, only one article was appropriate.  I believe that was the correct choice there, and I believe that this situation is exactly the same.  Nobody's trying to suppress anything - quite the contrary, this article was (at the time) an attempt to take sides.  Reference the naming controversy in the article for its historical importance, but Wikipedia is not the place to prop up a controversy that seems to have subsided.  --Chancemichaels 12:24, 23 April 2007 (UTC)Chancemichaels

 * Oppose Both articles are noteworthy as stand alones and would make the article too long as one. Besides, this is historic ala Wimbledon F.C. and MK Dons. NYC2TLV 20:02, 7 April 2007 (UTC)
 * How is this "historic ala Wimbledon F.C. and MK Dons"? Just saying it is doesn't make it true. If you're going to compare it to an English club (which seems silly, comparing how differently sports operate in the two countries), wouldn't a more apt comparison be Newton Heath and Manchester United? Ytny (talk) 15:53, 10 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Oppose, per NYC2TLV's comment... After looking at MK Dons and Wimbledon's pages I believe that the same thing should be done here.   Asics   talk  Editor review! 15:23, 10 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Merge Same team, same history. AJSDA115 22:13, 21 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Merge. It is the same team - the Red Bulls view themselves as a continuation of the MetroStars with a new name.  No matter what some fans want to think, they are the same team in every respect but the name.  As with all name changes, like the Dallas Burn, the club should receive one entry reflecting its entire heritage.  This page does have value, though, and should become a History of MetroStars article or something, with New articles.  --Chancemichaels 12:17, 23 April 2007 (UTC)ChancemichaelsYork Red Bulls as the primary entry linking to it.  I understand that this is still an emotionally charged issue for some fans, but looking at it dispassionately there is no reason to maintain separate

 * Comment (follows prior vote for No merge). Before someone decides that a merge MUST take place, I want to see Montreal Expos merged into Washington Nationals first. --Roehl Sybing 03:27, 24 April 2007 (UTC)
 * So put a tag on that page (which I would support, by the way). Why does the other change have to be made "first"?  --Chancemichaels 16:23, 24 April 2007 (UTC)Chancemichaels
 * Indeed, this line of thinking is basically the merge equivalent of WP:OTHERCRAPEXISTS. Not to mention the fact that the Metro->Red Bull name change isn't like the Nationals, who are a de facto expansion team, or the MK Dons, who were replaced by a supporter-founded club. Using the same logic, I could demand that a Newton Heath F.C. article be created because I refuse to accept Manchester United F.C. as the same club, which would be utterly idiotic. Ytny (talk) 16:53, 24 April 2007 (UTC)
 * And one is baseball, the other is soccer. I use a bat with one, I use my feet with the other.  I before e except after c.  Look, if you want to run down every distinction, be my guest.  WP:OTHERCRAPEXISTS, as it states at the top, is neither a guideline nor a policy, and implying that it is gets in the way of something that is valid.  The Expos/Nationals were only brought up to demonstrate that there is no clear standard, no matter what silly distinctions are raised.  --Roehl Sybing 20:50, 24 April 2007 (UTC)
 * You still haven't explained why the other one has to be merged "first". --Chancemichaels 21:17, 24 April 2007 (UTC)Chancemichaels

 * Merge. The case is a lot more straightforward than others, but it has drawn out into a Marathon. There is no relocation, a la MK Dons.  There is no separation, a la Serbia and Montenegro. It's just a rebranding. Some might say it's an undesirable rebranding, but that should not affect anything on WP.   Sʟυмgυм • т • c  20:37, 9 May 2007 (UTC)

Merge and add "Metro" as one of the club's unofficial nicknames
Merge the MetroStars link into the history of Red Bull New York; it's still the same club. It changed name, but even the new owners reconginze the history of the club. As a matter of fact, I'd like to suggets that "Metro" be listed as one of the team's unofficial nicknames as there are many fans that called the club by that name. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.158.35.89 (talk) 20:43, 11 April 2007 (UTC)
 * It seems a consensus to do so has been reached. I'm going to go ahead and merge if no one objects. I'm seeing 11 people in favor with 5 opposed. If anyone objects please let me know. JohnnyBGood  <font color="Red">t  <font color="Red">c  VIVA! 22:45, 15 May 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:MetroStars


text:
User talk:Whwsp~enwiki

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Your account will be renamed
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title: User talk:Whwsp~enwiki


text: User talk:69.142.199.237

title: User talk:69.142.199.237


text:
Canberra Day

Canberra Day is a public holiday in Australia held annually on the second Monday in March in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) and the Jervis Bay Territory (JBT) to celebrate the official naming of Canberra. Canberra was named at a ceremony on 12 March 1913 by Lady Denman, the wife of the then Governor-General Lord Denman.

On 3 March 2007, the ACT Minister Andrew Barr (now Chief Minister of the Australian Capital Territory) introduced a bill to change the day of Canberra Day to the second Monday in March so it falls closer more often to the actual birthday of Canberra. Previously it had been held on the third Monday in March. In 2012 Canberra Day fell on 12 March. In 2013 it fell on 11 March, for the Centenary of Canberra.

Annual events associated with Canberra Day include the Hands Up for Canberra Giving Day (a community fundraising event held on 11 March in 2020), the Canberra Festival, which runs from 11 to 20 March 2011, the Chief Minister's Canberra Day Awards Ceremony, and the Canberra Festival Balloon Spectacular.

title: Canberra Day


text:
Colin Miller (cricketer)

Colin Reid Miller (born 6 February 1964) is an Australian former cricketer who played 18 Tests for Australia between 1998 and 2001. In May 2002, Miller announced his retirement from cricket.

Miller was a bowler capable of performing effectively either as a right-arm fast-medium or off break bowler and achieved a Test average of 26.15. A tailend batsman who made three fifties in 126 first-class matches, he is particularly remembered for appearing with his hair dyed blue in a Test match against the West Indies in 2001.

Playing career
Born in Footscray, Melbourne, Miller played two games for Victoria in 1985–86, but unable to command a regular place in the state team he moved to South Australia, where he played from 1988–89 to 1991–92. He then moved to Tasmania, where he played from 1992–93 to 1999–2000, before returning to Victoria for 2000–01 and 2001–02. In the 1997–98 season he took 70 wickets at 24.98, including his best innings figures of 7 for 49, when he bowled unchanged throughout Victoria's second innings.

Miller began as a right-arm fast-medium bowler, but changed to right-arm offbreak spin after an ankle injury. He mixed both styles with considerable success, and was a surprise addition to the Australian Test team at the age of 34, being able to act both as the second spin bowler and the third pace bowler. He played Test cricket principally as an off-spinner, and took 69 wickets at an average of 26.15. His best innings and match figures came in the Third Test against West Indies in Adelaide in 2000–01, when he took 5 for 81 and 5 for 32. He won the award for the Australian Test Player of the Year in 2001.

He toured England with Australia A in 1998, then toured Pakistan with the senior Australian side in 1998–99, making his Test debut. He also toured West Indies, Sri Lanka, Zimbabwe, New Zealand, India and England with the Test team.

He played with blue hair in a Test match against the West Indies in 2001. His hair apparently made West Indies captain Courtney Walsh laugh.

He retired from first-class cricket in 2002.

Miller played for Chorley Cricket Club as the Pro in 1986, Rawtenstall in the Lancashire League in 1990 and 1991, finishing 1990 with 1078 runs and 100 wickets and 1991 with 780 runs and 108 wickets. During the 1997 and 1998 (European) summers, Miller played in the Netherlands for HCC Rood en Wit and apart from taking many wickets was also very successful with the bat.

Coaching career
He coached the Katandra Cricket Club in the Shepparton Cricket Association in 2004–05. He was short listed for the job of Bangladesh's head coach following the 2007 Cricket World Cup but he was later ruled out of the position.

In 2013, USACA chief executive Darren Beazley announced Miller as a USACA ambassador for cricket. In 2004, he was one of several former international cricketers to sign up and play in Pro Cricket, a Twenty20 domestic professional league in the USA that folded after one season.

title: Colin Miller (cricketer)


text:
User talk:SpringheelJack

Welcome, from Journalist
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Hi there! On the Stardestroyer VFD you pointed out that you were a user earlier but created the accoutn for voting. That's of course perfectly fine, and please don't take the note "user has 5 edits" or thereabouts as a discouragement. It can sometimes be difficult to distinguish a genuine new editor from a sockpuppet. Of course, we generally assume the former, but on a heavily invested VFD that may prove difficult. Anyway I'm sure one vote more or less won't make much of a difference on that article (especially as VFD isn't supposed to be about voting in the first place; we're in fact busily renaming it). Happy editing! Radiant_ >|< 23:19, August 27, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:SpringheelJack


text:
Bangar, Brunei

Bangar (Pekan Bangar) is a town and administrative centre of Temburong District, Brunei, an isolated territorial exclave separated from the rest of the country by the Malaysian state of Sarawak. The population of the town proper was 451 in 2021. A number of tiny retail establishments may be found throughout the town, providing everything from clothing to handicrafts to basic needs.

Name
The origin name of the town has not been fully established thus several possibilities were opened up. A document published by the Ministry of Culture, Youth and Sports, claimed that the town has a literal descriptive name where Bangar meant a place of smelly dryish deadwood swamp. Meanwhile the Kampong Belingos Protection Council (Majlis Perundingan Kampung Belingos) claimed that the word Bangar is derived from a Murut tribe that means board (papan).

The origin of this term may be traced back to a location where the Murut people formerly donated boards for the construction of homes, huts, and boats close to the Pekan Bangar creek. Thus, Bengar was given to the region. However, the Survey Department at the time altered the name to Bangar. Old Bangar Town and New Bangar Town were the original divisions of Bangar Town. But as of late, that name has been dropped and replaced with Pekan Bangar alone.

Geography
One main road runs through the town, roughly east–west. Headed east of Bangar is Lawas, Sarawak (Malaysia) and to the west is the river crossing to Limbang, Sarawak (Malaysia). The road is the major route to the local quarry where boulders are collected, processed and shipped to stockyards in the capital, Bandar Seri Begawan, for construction companies. The town has a tropical rainforest climate (Af) with heavy to very heavy rainfall year-round.

Administration
Bangar is an unincorporated town; it has no municipal body. It is only a village subdivision within Mukim Bangar, a mukim in the district. It has the postcode PA1151. The town serves as a stopover and a communication hub and is the district administrative headquarters.

Road
Driving and going through the Puni Immigration Control Post in order to pass the Malaysian state of Sarawak's border at Limbang. More projects to improve road infrastructures, including those in Temburong District, would be carried out through the National Development Plan 2007–2012. These projects include repairing earth slips at various locations, upgrading high density roads to residential areas, replacing existing wooden bridges, and rehabilitating Jalan Bangar–Puni–Labu.

Water
The Pekan Bangar Boat Terminal construction project got under way on 19 June 2008, and it was finished on 19 December 2009. On 7 January 2010, Pehin Dato Haji Awang Abu Bakar, formally opened the terminal. The National Development Plan project that resulted in the construction of this port cost roughly $1.4 million. The route involves taking a boat to Bangar Town via Temburong River, which departs from a dock along the Brunei River. It should take 45 minutes to complete the route.

The Bangar Passenger Jetty Terminal reopened on 13 March 2018, according to the Maritime and Port Authority of Brunei Darussalam (MPABD), and offered boarding and disembarkation services for passenger boats traveling from Bangar to Bandar Seri Begawan.

All passenger services of the jetty permanently closed their operations after Radio Television Brunei (RTB) Temburong District took over the Bangar MPABD building as their new branch once renovation works were completed on 1 March 2022. The Passenger Jetty Terminal continues to exist but remains unused.

Air
Commercial travellers would have to travel to either Bandar Seri Begawan or Miri to catch a commercial flight. The Bangar Helipad is the sole aviation facility.

Government
Government facilities in Bangar include:
 * Bangar Post Office
 * Bangar Fire Station is the only fire station in town.
 * Temburong Police Station is the only and primary police station in the district.
 * Pengiran Isteri Hajah Mariam Hospital serves as the district's primary referral facility, cost about $9.9 million to construct. The citizens have access to more advanced services and a higher quality of health owing to the current medical and healthcare facilities that are available.
 * The Government Department Building Complex was built in 1982. The building began to be used in 1984 and the Temburong District Department along with other Departments have moved to the new building until today.
 * Bangar Camp (Perkhemahan Bangar) is a military base operated by the Royal Brunei Land Force (RBLF), it has a surau named Surau Al-Quwwah.
 * Belalong Community Hall (Dewan Kemasyarakatan Belalong) served as the town's community centre.

Commerce
Bumiputera Main Complex has a variety of stores are housed on the three floors of this building, including a grocery store, a handicraft and souvenir shop, a cake shop, restaurants, a textile shop, a dhobi, a travel agency, and many more.

Tamu Aneka Temburong is a market to sample regional specialties, which are widely accessible at this dry market in the town across from the Youth Centre.

Education
Schools in Bangar include: The Temburong District Library is a public library which sits on Jalan Labu, Eastern half of the town.
 * Sultan Hassan Primary School (public)
 * Sultan Hassan Secondary School (public; closed down and moved to a new building in Kampong Batu Apoi)
 * Temburong Arabic School (public)
 * Pai Yuek Primary School (private - Chinese)

Tourist attractions

 * Kedai Rakyat Jati is a market place with man-made giant colourful trees.
 * Utama Mohammad Salleh Mosque is the only mosque in town. The first Pekan Bangar Mosque was built in 1935.
 * Tugu Peringatan 1962 is a monument dedicated to the lives lost during the 1962 Brunei Revolt. The monument was officially opened on 5 January 1964, and is under the Antiquities and Treasure Trove Act 1967.
 * Old Temburong District Office is planned to be turned into a museum in addition to coming under the Antiquities and Treasure Trove Act 1967. The building was built in the early 1950s. When it was established, this building was used and shared with several other government agencies such as the telecom office, the post office, the customs and excise office and a court room and land transport office. Since this building is used together with other government departments, the building was named the Temburong District Government Office Building.
 * Temburong Permata Hijau sign

Recreation and sports

 * Temburong Youth Centre
 * Festival Park (Taman Perayaan) is a recreational park with a playground and a hiking trail.
 * Kuala Belalong Mini Park

title: Bangar, Brunei


text:
User talk:Roldan

Welcome, from Journalist
Welcome!

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Image Tagging Image:Hasta la Victoria Siempre.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Hasta la Victoria Siempre.jpg. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then there needs to be an argument why we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then it needs to be specified where it was found, i.e., in most cases link to the website where it was taken from, and the terms of use for content from that page.

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If you have uploaded other media, consider checking that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. - SCEhard T 23:57, 15 April 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Roldan


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Simon Harding

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. Paul August ☎ 03:49, September 1, 2005 (UTC)

Simon_Harding
Delete Vanity Tori 05:06, August 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. NN-bio of someone's alias. Yeech. MCB 07:51, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per MCB. --GraemeL (talk) 12:12, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Curious, I should've thought that Meat Loaf, Batman and Billy the Kid were bios of aliases. And poor old Reg Dwight is just a redir. They're notable though, this one isn't. Delete. Tonywalton [[Image:Pentacle_1.svg|15px]] | Talk 21:15, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - Not notable - Tεx  τ  urε  20:59, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete NN. Should the article for the real person go to VFD too? --Rschen7754
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: User talk:84.69.118.162

title: User talk:84.69.118.162


text:
Talk:Nieves Mathews

Untitled
WHY NO MENTION OF JAVIER SOLANA'S FATHER???? by anon in article, SqueakBox 05:06, August 25, 2005 (UTC)

195.235.227.10 (talk) 23:47, 6 December 2007 (UTC) She is not Javier's mother, please check reference at:

http://www.cidob.org/es/documentacion/biografias_lideres_politicos/europa/espana/javier_solana_madariaga

This reference is good for Javier's life. Can somebody correct the mistake please?

 * She is Solana's Mother and was married to his father as her first husband. Look at the geneology records —Preceding unsigned comment added by Jdhunt (talk • contribs) 04:11, 14 April 2008 (UTC)

Do we know where she grew up, ie in Spain or Scotland? as it would make an enormous difference, SqueakBox 20:55, 19 April 2007 (UTC)

195.235.227.10 (talk) 23:47, 6 December 2007 (UTC) She grew up between London, Madrid and somewhere in Switzerland (following where his father were working, check Salvador de Madariaga biography)

IS it possible to write something about her homophoby ? That would be interesting. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.218.94.86 (talk) 19:57, 16 October 2007 (UTC)

Because, you know, OSHO, the man who blessed his book and said to her to claim without proof, that Bacon was heterosexual, you know what was is mind about homosexuality ? This :

"If you want to be angry, be angry against Jesus Christ. Be angry against all the founders of religions. They all say, "Believe and you will be saved." And I say to you, "Believe and you are drowned." I say to you, "Doubt, because that is something that you have come with. Nature has provided you a method for inquiry. Doubt is a method of inquiry." In ten thousand years of religious history, religions have not contributed anything -- except AIDS, homosexuality, lesbianism, sadism, masochism, wars, discrimination -- all kinds of crimes: killing millions of people, burning living people. They are all based on belief. Science -- which is based on doubt -- has contributed within three hundred years everything from the smallest safety pin to the rocket that reaches to the moon. If you count the blessings that science has showered on you you will be surprised. Your clothes, your glasses, your watches, your health, your medicine, your food -- everything science has improved. Science has only been unsuccessful in improving you, because all the religions are sitting on your neck. I want you to get rid of all the religions and become a scientific seeker. "

That's a good example a scholarly neutrality, don't you think so ? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.218.94.86 (talk) 20:02, 16 October 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Nieves Mathews


text:
Parkhurst apprentices

The Parkhurst apprentices, juveniles from a reformatory attached to Parkhurst Prison on the Isle of Wight, were sentenced to "transportation beyond the seas" and transported to Australia and New Zealand between 1842 and 1852. Either before leaving England or on arrival at their destination, they were pardoned on the conditions that they be "apprenticed" to local employers, and that they not return to England during the term of their sentence. In the ten years between 1842 and 1852 nearly 1500 boys aged from twelve to eighteen were transported to Australia and New Zealand from Parkhurst Prison.

Parkhurst apprentices in Western Australia
Early in 1839, Governor of Western Australia John Hutt received from the Colonial Office a circular asking if the colony would be prepared to accept juvenile prisoners who had first been reformed in "penitentiaries especially adapted for the purpose of their education and reformation". After seeking comment from the Western Australian Agricultural Society, Hutt responded that "The Majority of the Community would not object to boys not above 15 years of age...." but that the labour market could not support more than 30 boys per year.

Between 1842 and 1849, Western Australia accepted 234 Parkhurst apprentices, all males aged between 10 and 21 years. As Western Australia was not then a penal colony, contemporary documents scrupulously avoided referring to the youths as "convicts", and most historians have maintained the distinction. An opposing view, held for example by Gill (2004), is that the Parkhurst apprentices were convicts, and that their apprenticeship constituted convict assignment.

John Schoales jun. (c. 1810 – 10 April 1847), son of John Schoales QC of Dublin. was appointed Guardian of the apprentices. He determined the allowance they were paid, holding it in trust until their 5-year indenture period was over. The Parkhurst Visitors insisted that names of the boys not be published in the Government Gazette, in order that they were not discriminated against. Schoales was succeeded as Guardian by Frederick Dirck Wittenoom (c. 1821–1863).

Parkhurst apprentices were employed by a broad cross-section of Western Australia's businessmen and officials, including many of the colony's ruling class. Among the long list of Parkhurst apprentice employers were Governor Andrew Clarke, Frederick Irwin, George Fletcher Moore, Anthony O'Grady Lefroy, William Locke Brockman, Thomas Brown, George Walpole Leake, Walter Padbury, Stephen Stanley Parker, Rosendo Salvado Thomas Peel JR and George Shenton Sr.

The assimilation of Parkhurst apprentices played an important role in the later acceptance of convicts in Western Australia.

New Zealand
One hundred and twenty three Parkhurst apprentices were sent to the Colony of New Zealand in 1842 and 1843. These had not been invited to the convict-free colony, and were a great surprise when the first ship arrived. After the second ship, the colony successfully petitioned that no more would be sent.

South Australia
The Colony of South Australia was also asked to accept Parkhurst Boys, but resisted and none was sent there.

List of ships
List of ships that brought Parkhurst apprentices to Australia and New Zealand

title: Parkhurst apprentices


text:
Tutong (town)

Tutong (Pekan Tutong; Jawi: توتوڠ) is a municipality town in Mukim Pekan Tutong Tutong District, Brunei. It is located about 40 km from the country's capital Bandar Seri Begawan. It is the administrative centre of Tutong District.

Name
Dusun speakers claim that the name Tutong refers to a turtle. Other Tutong place names that are derived from local Tutong words include a few others.

Governance
It is officially a Municipal Board area and covers 240.2 ha. The members consist of government officers, the penghulu of Mukim Pekan Tutong, and appointed representatives from the local residents, organisations and business community. The main responsibility, through the Tutong Municipal Department, is collecting revenue from taxation of building, commercial licence fees and rental of commercial lots in commercial centres owned by the department.

The area under the municipality is about 0.024 km2 and comprises parts of Petani and Bukit Bendera. Petani and Bukit Bendera are village-level subdivisions, the third and lowest administrative divisions in the country, and administered under Tutong District Office, another department in the Ministry of Home Affairs. Petani and Bukit Bendera constitute parts of Pekan Tutong subdistrict.

History
In 1900, the town only consisted of four or five simple houses with several small shops. The earliest governmental building was constructed in 1910, followed by a school being opened in 1918. Oil exploration within the district began in 1913, and by 1923, Brunei Shell Petroleum (BSP) already had 8 exploratory holes drilled. The Brunei-Tutong road was officially opened in 1927. The town was first incorporated in 1929 as a Sanitary Board area and had the responsibility of monitoring cleanliness and development in the town.

On 16 December 1941, the first landing by the Japanese Kawaguchi Detachment at Seria as part of the Battle of Borneo during World War II. Occupation of Brunei came to an end when the Australian 9th Division came ashore at Muara during Operation Oboe Six on 10 June 1945. The Tutong Bridge was finally completed in 1959, thus ferries are not required to carry passengers to cross the Tutong River.

During the 1962 Brunei revolt, rebels of the TKNU managed to gain control of the town. A convoy of Land Rovers with soldiers from the 1/2nd Battalion Royal Gurkha Rifles were ambushed as they passed through the town while heading to Seria. Gunfires were exchanged from the town's police station which led to several Gurkhas being injured.

The government rushed to allocate and develop the area which are necessary and in convenience of the local population in 1967. Government building were also replaced with a newer B$500,000 building. Other buildings that were built are; a community hall, playground, police station, fire station, carpentry school, English elementary school, telecom building and guest houses for district officer and village head. Additionally to increase the standard of living, roads have been paved, bridges and wells were built.

Since 1970, the Board has become known as Tutong Municipal Board. In 1973, the Sungai Tutong Water Supply Scheme got rid of water defects to Bandar Seri Begawan.

Infrastructures
On 3 December 2012, the National Isolation Centre (NIC) was officially opened in town. During the COVID-19 pandemic in Brunei, the NIC has reached full capacity within a day on 14 August 2021.

Education

 * Muda Hashim Primary School (Public)
 * Chung Hwa Tutong School (Private)
 * Pertama Tutong School (Private)
 * Muda Hashim Secondary School (Public)
 * Sufri Bolkiah Secondary School (Public)
 * Ma'had Islam Brunei (Public)

There is no sixth form centre in Tutong town. However, sixth form education is at Tutong Sixth Form Centre, which serves the whole of Tutong District.

Tourist attractions

 * Tutong Market is a wet market. It is located outside of the municipal area, that is in Serambangun, but it is managed by the Municipal Department.
 * Hassanal Bolkiah Mosque is the sole mosque serving the Muslim residents of Tutong, as well as a few surrounding villages, namely Panchor Dulit, Panchor Papan and Serambangun.
 * Mercu Tanda Kenangan (also known as The Keris Monument) is a monument to commemorate the Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah's 58th birthday in 2004.
 * Warisan Emas is a monument to commemorate the Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah's 60th birthday in 2006.
 * Istana Pantai is a palace built by Omar Ali Saifuddien III in the 1950s.

Recreation

 * Tutong Sports Complex offers facilities for conducting various types of sports, including football, athletics, swimming, tennis, badminton and basketball.

Sister cities/towns

 * 🇮🇩 Bandung, West Java, Indonesia

title: Tutong (town)


text:
User talk:J newkirk

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Hello J newkirk! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot alerting you that 1 of the articles that you created  is tagged as an Unreferenced Biography of a Living Person. The biographies of living persons policy requires that all personal or potentially controversial information be sourced. In addition, to ensure verifiability, all biographies should be based on reliable sources. If you were to bring this article up to standards, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the article is adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the article:

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title: User talk:J newkirk


text: File:Secret Origins TPB.jpg

title: File:Secret Origins TPB.jpg


text:
Bertha of Sulzbach

Bertha of Sulzbach (1110s – 1159), also known as Irene, was a Byzantine empress by marriage to Byzantine Emperor Manuel I Komnenos.

Life
She was born in Sulzbach, a daughter of Berengar II, Count of Sulzbach (c. 1080 – 3 December 1125) and his second spouse Adelheid of Wolfratshausen. He was one of the rulers who signed the Concordat of Worms.

Empress
Emissaries of the Byzantine emperor John II Komnenos arrived in Germany, seeking an alliance against Roger II of Sicily. To seal the alliance, the emissaries requested that Conrad send a princess of his family to be married to the emperor's son, Manuel. Instead, Conrad selected his sister-in-law, Bertha, and after legally adopting her as his daughter, sent her to the Byzantine Empire escorted by Emicho von Leiningen, the Bishop of Würzburg.

By the time Bertha arrived at the Imperial court in Constantinople, the emperor John was dead, and his son Manuel was now the reigning emperor. Manuel delayed marrying her for three years, until shortly after Epiphany 1146, at which point she became empress and was renamed "Irene/Eireni" (Εἰρήνη), a common name for foreign-born princesses. As an introduction for her to the Hellenic culture she was marrying into, John Tzetzes wrote his Allegories on the Iliad.

Bertha-Irene was noted for shunning the frivolity of the luxurious Byzantine court; Basil of Ochrid, the archbishop of Thessalonica, praised her for her modesty and piety, and Nicetas Choniates (53sq.) noted that she did not wear face-paint. The patriarch of Constantinople, Cosmas II Atticus, who had been accused of heresy, allegedly cursed Bertha-Ireneʻs womb in 1147 to prevent her bearing a son.

Bertha-Irene died in Constantinople in 1159. Her husband Manuel was described as "roaring like a lion" in grief at her death, despite his infidelities during her lifetime. He remarried, in 1161, to Maria of Antioch.

Issue
She and Manuel had two daughters:
 * 1) Maria Comnena (1152–1182), who married Renier of Montferrat
 * 2) Anna Comnena (1154–1158)

title: Bertha of Sulzbach


text:
User talk:Parker for President

Please be advised that when a brand-new user with no edits under their belt places a vote on a Votes for Deletion page, the admin who closes the vote has no obligation to count their vote. Zoe 05:10, August 25, 2005 (UTC)

Please be advised that I don't give a you know what...PARKER IN '08!! --Parker for President 18:17, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Parker for President


text:
User talk:YoyoYoshi

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David B. Cohen (psychologist)

David B. Cohen (1941–2004) was an American psychology professor.

Biography
Born in Brooklyn, Cohen received his bachelor's degree in 1963 from Columbia College of Columbia University, and his doctorate in clinical psychology from University of Michigan in 1968. He went on to teach clinical psychology and individual differences/evolutionary psychology at the University of Texas at Austin.

His early work focused on dreams. His later work examined the biological mechanisms and risk factors in psychopathology. In 1989, he co-authored Psychopathology with Lee Willerman.

Throughout the 1990s, Cohen wrote about the biological and evolutionary influences of depression.

In 1995, he was a signatory of a collective statement titled "Mainstream Science on Intelligence", written by Linda Gottfredson and published in The Wall Street Journal.

Cohen also wrote two books on children for both academic and lay readers, framed by the nature versus nurture debate. In these books, he argued that parental influence over a child's development was much less powerful than biological and evolutionary influences. His work suggests that much parental influence is not only weak or transitory but also illusory.

Publications

 * Cohen DB (1999). Stranger in the Nest: Do Parents Really Shape Their Child's Personality, Intelligence, or Character? Wiley ISBN 0-471-31922-8.
 * Cohen DB (1995). Out of the Blue: Depression and Human Nature. W.W. Norton & Company; New Ed edition ISBN 0-393-31299-2.
 * Cohen DB (1981). Sleep and Dreaming: Origins, Nature and Functions (International Series in Experimental Psychology; V. 23) Pergamon Press. ISBN 0-08-027400-5.
 * Cohen DB (2003). Where Did That Child Come From?: Why Some of Our Children Turn Out So Different from Us & What the Answers Reveal About Our Parenting and Ourselves. Templegate. ISBN 0-87243-258-0.
 * Willerman L, Cohen DB (1989). Psychopathology. McGraw-Hill College. ISBN 0-07-070311-6.

title: David B. Cohen (psychologist)


text:
Herman Tripp

Herman Tilden Tripp (August 6, 1859 – July 5, 1939) was an Alaskan politician, including mayor of Juneau, Alaska from 1906 to 1907. He was also a Republican member of the First Alaska Territorial Senate from 1913 to 1914, and a member of the Fifth Alaska Territorial House of Representatives, from 1921 to 1922. For both terms, he represented Juneau.

title: Herman Tripp