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The Temptations Christmas Card

The Temptations' Christmas Card is a 1970 Christmas album by The Temptations for the Gordy (Motown) label. The album was released on October 30, 1970. It's also the group's first holiday release, it features each Temptation leading on various popular Christmas standards and original Christmas songs.

Reception
A brief review in Billboard recommended this release for having a "special touch of seasonal joie de vivre".

A 1987 review of the best-selling Christmas albums by Ebony notes that this is one of the best-selling from Motown.

Track listing
Side One
 * 1) "Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer" (lead singers: Eddie Kendricks, Melvin Franklin; intro: Paul Williams, Dennis Edwards, Otis Williams, Melvin Franklin) 3:01
 * 2) "My Christmas Tree" (lead singer: Eddie Kendricks) 3:21
 * 3) "Santa Claus Is Coming to Town" (lead singer: Dennis Edwards) 3:26
 * 4) "Silent Night" (lead singer: Eddie Kendricks) 2:26
 * 5) "Someday at Christmas" (lead singer: Melvin Franklin) 3:27

Side Two
 * 1) "White Christmas" (lead singers: Eddie Kendricks, Paul Williams, Dennis Edwards) 4:27
 * 2) "Let It Snow! Let It Snow! Let It Snow!" (lead singer: Dennis Edwards) 3:37
 * 3) "Silver Bells" (lead singers: Eddie Kendricks, Melvin Franklin) 2:13
 * 4) "The Christmas Song" (lead singer: Otis Williams) 3:35
 * 5) "Little Drummer Boy" (lead singers: The Temptations) 3:25

Personnel

 * Dennis Edwards – tenor/baritone vocals
 * Eddie Kendricks – first tenor/falsetto vocals
 * Paul Williams – baritone vocals
 * Melvin Franklin – bass vocals
 * Otis Williams – second tenor vocals
 * The Funk Brothers – instrumentation

title: The Temptations Christmas Card


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File:The-tempts-xmas-card.JPG

Summary
The Temptations Christmas Card

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: File:The-tempts-xmas-card.JPG


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Zygomaticus major muscle

The zygomaticus major muscle is a muscle of the face. It arises from either zygomatic arch (cheekbone); it inserts at the corner of the mouth. It is innervated by branches of the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII).

It is a muscle of facial expression, which draws the angle of the mouth superiorly and posteriorly to allow one to smile. Bifid zygomaticus major muscle is a notable variant, and may cause cheek dimples.

Origin
The zygomaticus major muscle originates from the superior margin of the lateral surface of the temporal process of zygomatic bone, just anterior to the zygomaticotemporal suture.

Insertion
It inserts at the corner of the mouth by blending with the levator anguli oris muscle, the orbicularis oris muscle, and the deeper muscular structures.

Nerve supply
The muscle receives motor innervation from the buccal branch and zygomatic branch of the facial nerve (CN VII).

Vasculature
The muscle receives arterial supply from the superior labial artery.

Variation
The zygomaticus major muscle may occur in a bifid form, with two fascicles that are partially or completely separate from each other but adjacent. It is thought that cheek dimples are caused by bifid zygomaticus major muscle.

Function
The zygomaticus major muscle raises the upper lip to bare the upper teeth. It additionally deepens and raises the nasolabial furrow. Acting in conjunction with other muslces of facial expression that elevate the lip, it curls the upper lip to produce facial expressions such as smiling, disdain, contempt, or smugness.

Physiology
The average muscle can contract with a force of 200 g.

Clinical significance
The zygomaticus major muscle may be used in reconstructive surgery to replace lost tissue, such as with injuries to the lips.

title: Zygomaticus major muscle


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Balm of Gilead

Balm of Gilead was a rare perfume used medicinally that was mentioned in the Hebrew Bible and named for the region of Gilead, where it was produced. The expression stems from William Tyndale's language in the King James Bible of 1611 and has come to signify a universal cure in figurative speech. The tree or shrub producing the balm is commonly identified as Commiphora gileadensis. However, some botanical scholars have concluded that the actual source was a terebinth tree in the genus Pistacia.

Hebrew Bible
In the Bible, balsam is designated by various names: בֹּשֶׂם (bosem), בֶּשֶׂם (besem), צֳרִי (ẓori), נָטָף (nataf), which all differ from the terms used in rabbinic literature.

After having cast Joseph into a pit, his brothers noticed a caravan on its way from Gilead to Egypt, "with their camels bearing spicery, and balm, and myrrh" (Gen. ). When Jacob dispatched his embassy into Egypt, his present to the unknown ruler included "a little balm" (Gen. ). During the final years of the Kingdom of Judah, Jeremiah asks "Is there no balm in Gilead?" (Jer. 8:22). Still later, from an expression in Ezekiel, balm was one of the commodities which Hebrew merchants carried to the market of Tyre. According to 1 Kings 10:10, balsam (Hebrew: bosem) was among the many precious gifts of the Queen of Sheba to King Solomon.

Greco-Roman
In the later days of Jewish history, the neighborhood of Jericho was believed to be the only spot where the true balsam grew, and even there its culture was confined to two gardens, the one twenty acres in extent, the other much smaller (Theophrastus).

According to Josephus, the Queen of Sheba brought "the root of the balsam" as a present to King Solomon (Ant. 8.6.6).

In describing Palestine, Tacitus says that in all its productions it equals Italy, besides possessing the palm and the balsam (Hist. 5:6); and the far-famed tree excited the cupidity of successive invaders. By Pompey it was exhibited in the streets of Rome as one of the spoils of the newly conquered province in 65 BCE; and one of the wonderful trees graced the triumph of Vespasian in 79 CE. During the invasion of Titus, two battles took place at the balsam groves of Jericho, the last being to prevent the Jews in their despairing frenzy from destroying the trees. Then they became public property, and were placed under the protection of an imperial guard; but history does not record how long the two plantations survived.

According to Pliny (Hist. Nat. 12:54), the balsam-tree was indigenous only to Judea, but known to Diodorus Siculus (3:46) as a product of Arabia also. In Palestine, praised by other writers also for its balsam (Justinus, 36:3; Tacitus, Hist. 5:6; Plutarchus, Vita Anton. c. 36; Florus, Epitome bellorum 3.5.29; Dioscorides, De materia medica 1:18) this plant was cultivated in the environs of Jericho (Strabo, 16:763; Diodorus Siculus 2:48; 19:98), in gardens set apart for this use (Pliny, Hist. Nat. 12:54; see Josephus, Ant. 14.4.1; 15.4.2; War 1.6.6); and after the destruction of the state of Judea, these plantations formed a lucrative source of the Roman imperial revenue (see Diodorus Siculus 2:48).

Pliny distinguishes three different species of this plant; the first with thin, capillaceous leaves; the second a crooked scabrous shrub; and the third with smooth rind and of taller growth than the two former. He tells us that, in general, the balsam plant, a shrub, has the nearest resemblance to the grapevine, and its mode of cultivation is almost the same. The leaves, however, more closely resemble those of the rue, and the plant is an evergreen. Its height does not exceed two cubits. From slight incisions made very cautiously into the rind (Josephus, Ant. 14.4.1; War 1.6.6) the balsam trickles in thin drops, which are collected with wool into a horn, and then preserved in new earthen jars. At first it is whitish and pellucid, but afterwards it becomes harder and reddish. That is considered to be the best quality which trickles before the appearance of the fruit. Much inferior to this is the resin pressed from the seeds, the rind, and even from the stems (see Theophrastus, Hist. Plant. 9:6; Strabo 16:763; Pausanias 9.28.2). This description, which is not sufficiently characteristic of the plant itself, suits for the most part the Egyptian balsam-shrub found by Belon in a garden near Cairo. The plant, however, is not indigenous to Egypt, but the layers are brought there from Arabia Felix; Prosperus Alpinus has published a plate of it.

Dioscorides (De materia medica) attributes many medical properties to balsam, such as expelling menstrual flow; being an abortifacient; moving the urine; assisting breathing and conception; being an antidote for aconitum and snakebite; treating pleurisy, pneumonia, cough, sciatica, epilepsy, vertigo, asthma, and gripes (sharp bowel pains).

In the era of Galen, who flourished in the second century, and travelled to Palestine and Syria purposely to obtain a knowledge of this substance, it grew in Jericho and many other parts of the Holy Land.

Rabbinic literature
The terms used in rabbinic literature are different from those used in the Hebrew Bible: קׇטׇף (kataf), בַּלְסׇם (balsam), אַפּוֹבַּלְסַמוֹן (appobalsamon), and אֲפַרְסְמוֹן (afarsemon).

In the Talmud, balsam appears as an ointment which was a highly praised product of the Jericho plain. However, its main use was medicinal rather than cosmetic. Rav Yehudah composed a special blessing for balsam: "Who creates the oil of our land". Young women used it as a perfume to seduce young men. After King Josiah hid away the holy anointing oil, balsam oil was used in its stead. In the messianic era, the righteous will "bathe in 13 rivers of balsam".

Christian
The Christian rite of confirmation is conferred through the anointing with chrism, which is traditionally a blend of olive oil and balsam. Balm seems to have been used everywhere for chrism at least from the sixth century.

Arab
The balsam, carried originally, says Arab tradition, from Yemen by the Queen of Sheba, as a gift to Solomon, and planted by him in the gardens of Jericho, was brought to Egypt by Cleopatra, and planted at Ain-Shemesh (Ain Shams), in a garden which all the old travellers, Arab and Christian, mention with deep interest.

The Egyptian town of Ain Shams was renowned for its balsam garden, which was cultivated under the supervision of the government. During the Middle Ages the balsam tree is said to have grown only there, though formerly it had also been a native plant in Syria. According to a Coptic tradition known also by the Muslims, it was in the spring of Ayn Shams that Mary, the mother of Jesus, washed the swaddling clothes of the latter on her way back to Judaea after her flight to Egypt. From that time onwards, the spring was beneficent, and during the Middle Ages balsam-trees could only produce their precious secretion on land watered by it. The story is reminiscent of Christian legends about the Fountain of the Virgin in Jerusalem.

Prosper Alpinus relates that forty plants were brought by a governor of Cairo to the garden there, and ten remained when Belon travelled in Egypt, but only one existed in the 18th century. By the 19th century, there appeared to be none.

Modern
The German botanist Schweinfurth (1836–1925) claimed to have reconstructed the ancient process of balsam production.

At present the tree Commiphora gileadensis grows wild in the valley of Mecca where it is called beshem. Many strains of this species are found, some in Somalia and Yemen.

Hebrew tsori
In the Hebrew Bible, the balm of Gilead is tsori or tseri (צֳרִי or צְרִי). It is a merchandise in Gen. 37:25 and Ez. 27:17, a gift in Gen. 43:11, and a medicament (for national disaster, in fig.) in Jer. 8:22, 46:11, 51:8. The Hebrew root z-r-h (צרה) means "run blood, bleed" (of vein), with cognates in Arabic (ﺿﺮﻭ, an odoriferous tree or its gum), Sabaean (צרו), Syriac (ܙܪܘܐ, possibly fructus pini), and Greek (στύραξ, in meaning). The similar word tsori (צֹרִי) denotes the adjective "Tyrean", i. e. from the Phoenician city of Tyre.

Many attempts have been made to identify the tsori, but none can be considered conclusive. The Samaritan Pentateuch (Gen. 37:25) and the Syriac bible (Jer. 8:22) translate it as wax (cera). The Septuagint has ῥητίνη, "pine resin". The Arabic version and Castell hold it for theriac. Lee supposes it to be "mastich". Luther and the Swedish version have "salve", "ointment" in the passages in Jer., but in Ezek. 27:17 they read "mastic". Gesenius, Hebrew commentators (Kimchi, Junius, Tremellius, Deodatius), and the Authorized Version (except in Ezek. 27:17, rosin) have balm, balsam, Greek βάλσαμον, Latin opobalsamum.

Hebrew nataf
Besides the tseri, another Hebrew word, nataph (נׇטׇפ), mentioned in Ex. 30:34, as an ingredient of the holy incense, is taken by Hebrew commentators for opobalsamum; this, however, is perhaps rather stacte.

Hebrew bosem
Another Hebrew word, bosem (בֹּשֶׂם), Aramaic busema (ܒܣܡܐ), Arabic besham (بشام), appears in various forms throughout the Hebrew Bible. It is usually translated as "spice, perfume, sweet odour, balsam, balsam-tree". The Greek βάλσαμον can be interpreted as a combination of the Hebrew words baal (בַּעַל) "lord; master; the Phoenician god Baal" and shemen (שֶׁמֶן) "oil", thus "Lord of Oils" (or "Oil of Baal").

Greek balsamon
Greek authors use the words βάλσαμον (Theophrastus, Aristotle) for the balsam plant and its resin, while Galen, Nicander and the Geoponica consider it an aromatic herb, like mint. The word is probably Semitic. ὁπο-βάλσᾰμον (Theophrastus) is the juice of the balsam tree. βαλσαμίνη (Dioscorides) is the balsam plant. Palladius names it βάλσαμος and also has βαλσαμουργός, a preparer of balsam. Related are ξῠλο-βάλσᾰμον (Dioscorides, Strabo) "balsam-wood", and καρπο-βάλσᾰμον (Galen) "the fruit of the balsam".

Latin balsamum
Latin authors use balsamum (Tacitus, Pliny, Florus, Scribonius Largus, Celsus, Columella, Martialis) for the balsam tree and its branches or sprigs, as well as for its resin, opobalsamum (Pliny, Celsus, Scribonius Largus, Martialis, Statius, Juvenal) for the resinous juice of the balsam tree, and xylobalsamum (Pliny, Scribonius Largus, Celsus) for balsam wood, all derived from Greek.

Plants
Assuming that the tsori was a plant product, several plants have been proposed as its source.

Mastic
Celsius (in Hierobotanicon) identified the tsori with the mastic tree, Pistacia lentiscus L. The Arabic name of this plant is dseri or dseru, which is identical with the Hebrew tsori. Rauwolf and Pococke found the plant occurring at Joppa.

Zukum
Ödmann and Rosenmüller thought that the pressed juice of the fruit of the zukum-tree (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.) or the myrobalanus of the ancients, is the substance denoted; but Rosenmüller, in another place, mentioned the balsam of Mecca (Amyris opobalsamum L., now Commiphora gileadensis (L.) C.Chr.) as being probably the tsori. Zukum oil was in very high esteem among the Arabs, who even preferred it to the balm of Mecca, as being more efficacious in wounds and bruises. Maundrell found zukum-trees near the Dead Sea. Hasselquist and Pococke found them especially in the environs of Jericho. In the 19th century, the only product in the region of Gilead which had any affinity to balm or balsam was a species of Eleagnus.

Terebinth
Bochart strongly contended that the balm mentioned in Jer. 8:22 could not possibly be that of Gilead, and considered it as the resin drawn from the terebinth. The Biblical terebinth is Hebrew eloh (אֵלׇה), Pistacia terebinthus L.

Pine
The Greek word ῥητίνη, used in the Septuagint for translating tsori, denotes a resin of the pine, especially Pinus maritima (πεύκη). The Aramaic tserua (ܨܪܘܐ) has been described as the fruit of Pinus pinea L., but it has also been held for stacte or storax. The Greek ῥητίνη ξηρά is a species of Pinaceae Rich.

Cancamon
The lexicographer Bar Seroshewai considered the Arabic dseru (ﺿﺮﻭ), a tree of Yemen known as kamkam (ﮐﻤﮑﺎﻡ) or kankam (ﮐﻨﮑﺎﻡ), Syriac qazqamun (ܩܙܩܡܘܢ), Greek κάγκαμον, Latin cancamum, mentioned by Dioscorides (De materia medica 1.32) and Pliny (Hist. Nat. 12.44; 12.98). Cancamon has been held for Commiphora kataf, but also as Aleurites laccifer (Euphorbiaceae), Ficus spec. (Artocarpeae), and Butea frondosa (Papilionaceae).

Sanskrit kunkuma (कुनकुम) is saffron (Crocus sativus).

Balm of Mecca
Peter Forsskål (1732–1763) found the plant occurring between Mecca and Medina. He considered it to be the genuine balsam-plant and named it Amyris opobalsamum Forsk. (together with two other varieties, Amyris kataf Forsk. and Amyris kafal Forsk.). Its Arabic name is abusham or basham, which is identical to the Hebrew bosem or beshem. Bruce found the plant occurring in Abyssinia. In the 19th century it was discovered in the East Indies also.

Linnaeus distinguished two varieties: Amyris gileadensis L. (= Amyris opobalsamum Forsk.), and Amyris opobalsamum L., the variant found by Belon in a garden near Cairo, brought there from Arabia Felix. More recent naturalists (Lindley, Wight and Walker) have included the species Amyris gileadensis L. in the genus Protium. Botanists enumerate sixteen balsamic plants of this genus, each exhibiting some peculiarity.

There is little reason to doubt that the plants of the Jericho balsam gardens were stocked with Amyris gileadensis L., or Amyris opobalsamum, which was found by Bruce in Abyssinia, the fragrant resin of which is known in commerce as the "balsam of Mecca". According to De Sacy, the true balm of Gilead (or Jericho) has long been lost, and there is only "balm of Mecca".

The accepted name of the balsam plant is Commiphora gileadensis (L.) Christ., synonym Commiphora opobalsamum.

Cedronella
Cedronella canariensis, a perennial herb in the mint family, is also known as Balm of Gilead, or Herb of Gilead.

Flammability
Balsam oil was too volatile and flammable to be used as fuel. In the Talmud, a case is cited of a woman planning and carrying out the murder of her daughter-in-law by telling her to adorn herself with balsam oil and then light the lamp (Shab. 26a).

According to the 13th-century (?) Liber Ignium (Book of Fires), balsam was an ingredient of ancient incendiaries akin to Greek fire.

title: Balm of Gilead


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text: Talk:Intelligent falling

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User:Jonapet

Hi, I´m 23 and I´m from Ostrava in the Czech Republic. I will be happy to discuss with you about any of my articles.

I edit articles about the Czech Republic.

title: User:Jonapet


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Talk:1985 Beirut car bombings

Untitled
Are the numbers in there accurate? A BBC article initially included noted 45 dead and more than 175 injured.

Can some sources be cited for the new, higher, numbers?

The writing is really confusing. Maybe someone could rewrite the article? Also, it's pretty widely accepted now that the sheik was the intended article. Maybe someone could get a source to confirm?

Citation
I added a citation for the death toll and consequently adjusted the numbers. Did I do this properly? DreadSam 01:05, 18 January 2007 (UTC)DreadSam

Plagiarism?
An article with exactly the same text can be found at http://www.lebwar.org/lebanese-war/massacres/lebwar_massacres_id_9.htm. Is this plagiarism? Actually, I think this site bills itself as an encyclopedia, so maybe not. However, on this site, there are no citations with the article either. DreadSam 00:01, 18 January 2007 (UTC)DreadSam

 * Good catch, although I believe the opposite has happened. It's impossible to determine definitively which came first, but if you look at http://www.lebwar.org/lebanese-war/massacres/, you'll notice that that article is timestamped with "18-Nov-2006 09:07". Now obviously that doesn't prove anything, but then you might also see that http://www.lebwar.org/lebanese-war/massacres/lebwar_massacres_id_8.htm is the same text as 1983 Beirut barracks bombing. Now that article developed slowly over the years, and it's almost inconceivable that it slowly matured into a plagiarized version of Lebwar.org (mostly it's inconceivable in that I can't conceive of why someone would do that--there's nothing technically infeasible about the prospect).
 * Another point to consider is that lebwar.org is pretty much an Arabic-language site, and yet there are two full-fledge English pages that have identical copy as the Wikipedia. If the whole site were like those articles, or there were a number of other articles on the site, I'd be more inclined to think that the text had been copied to the Wikipedia. Given that those articles stand out the way they do, I'm more inclined to think that they are mirroring Wikipedia content as so many other online encyclopedias do. Jun-Dai 18:39, 18 January 2007 (UTC)

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/8/newsid_2516000/2516407.stm Sherurcij (Speaker for the Dead) 17:38, 23 January 2007 (UTC)

Proposed renaming
Being as there were scores of carbombs going off in any given year in Beirut back in that era, perhaps a better title would be "March 8, 1985 Beirut carbombing." Thoughts? Whiskey Pete 20:39, 4 March 2007 (UTC)

 * I'd only be in favor of that if we had other articles on other car-bombs in Beirut in that year. If the notability of this one dwarves the other significantly enough that they would not likely be considered viable as an article, then I don't think the disambiguation is necessary. As a point of comparison, I'm sure there were other attacks on September 11, 2001, but the Wikipedia powers-that-be felt no need for further precision on the topic, and I'm not sure we need any here. Another way to think of it is whether more than, say, 1 in 50 (or some other arbitrary number) people are going to come to this article looking for a different one, then we'd be in need of disambiguation. Jun-Dai 09:22, 5 March 2007 (UTC)

Neutrality and RS
I'm concerned about the CIA thing. Not for or against, but the article puts the POV forward that the CIA were unquestionably responsible, when it looks like contentious at best. The citations also looks like it supports the latter assertion, not the former. Sceptre (talk) 21:04, 24 April 2008 (UTC)
 * I second that. The recent inclusion of Saudi funding seems dubious and not well sourced as well. i've removed the offending clause because it seems like an exceptional claim and one that has no sourcing at all. I can't track the person who inserted it originally, but whoever they are - please add a good source to back up this claim, either with or without saudi funding. MiS-Saath (talk) 08:40, 6 August 2008 (UTC)

Stop deleting published and verifiable sources. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 12.96.91.182 (talk) 08:33, 13 August 2008 (UTC)

Is there a citation for the shared involvement of British intelligence with the CIA? The rest of the article does not mention or explain this and neither do the citation articles. The only relevant information I can find is that Bob Woodward suggests Casey recruited a former SAS officer to work with a team of Lebanese agents on the assassination. Please can you provide citation or remove this.

Textual detail
The article says 'the other notable death was Jihad Mugniyah, the brother of Imad Mugniyah.' However, seeing the assassination attempt failed, wasn't this the only notable death (or at least the first one mentioned in the article? Therefore, am I correct in saying that the the word 'other' in this sentence is incorrect? Mverleg (talk) 22:52, 8 March 2010 (UTC)

Blog postings fail WP:RS
Just a reminder to the anon who posted them, Blog entries and self published works fail WP:RS. V7-sport (talk) 21:38, 27 March 2011 (UTC)

Historic relevance
Section is not synthesis because it does not synthesize or draw any conclusions. It merely provides context. Yworo (talk) 00:10, 30 March 2011 (UTC)
 * The section doesn't even mention the Beirut car bombing, it's inclusion IS synthesis because it adds 2 unrelated items together so that the reader will draw a conclusion. Stop wiki-hounding. V7-sport (talk) 00:23, 30 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Nope, read WP:SYN. Listing facts and allowing the reader to draw their own conclusion is what is permitted. Stating such a conclusion is what's prohibited. Synthesis requires an explicit "therefore" clause. Yworo (talk) 00:25, 30 March 2011 (UTC)
 * So where does that passage mention the Beirut car bombing? V7-sport (talk) 00:26, 30 March 2011 (UTC)
 * It doesn't have to, it's historic context. Yworo (talk) 00:27, 30 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Historic context? So is the battle of Waterloo. Does it belong in this article as well? The passage does not directly relate to the article at hand, it s included to lead the reader into a conclusion that isn't backed by references. V7-sport (talk) 00:31, 30 March 2011 (UTC)
 * If everything that it states is sourced, and it doesn't state a conclusion, that's not prohibited. Yworo (talk) 00:32, 30 March 2011 (UTC)
 * You need to demonstrate relevance by connecting to the topic at hand with reliable sources. Adding it is OR. V7-sport (talk) 00:35, 30 March 2011 (UTC)
 * That's simple. It's context that gives the background to Reagan's denials. It explains why he would have to issue such a denial. Yworo (talk) 00:36, 30 March 2011 (UTC)

LOL, so now it's about context when over at the Logan page, which is what this is about it isn't. Tell you what, if you can establish a direct, sourced link to Regan/Ford's order (as I have with the Logan material that you are excluding) and the Beirut car bombing I'll add it for you. Of course it would just underline the hypocrisy of the matters at hand...V7-sport (talk) 00:43, 30 March 2011 (UTC) I see you have added it again. You are clearly disrupting WP:POINT as well as wiki-hounding. You are now being tendentious now in several locations and acting in bad faith. V7-sport (talk) 00:51, 30 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Nope, it's simply not synthesis. Reagan's denial is mentioned, it's appropriate to mention Reagan's Executive Order. Yworo (talk) 00:52, 30 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Where is the sourced link to Reagan/Ford's order and the topic of this page? V7-sport (talk) 00:56, 30 March 2011 (UTC)
 * I've believe the topics are thoroughly discussed together in Newsweek, vol. 110, from 1987, where a thorough analysis of who dun what was reported. I'll see if I can get the details. Yworo (talk) 01:25, 30 March 2011 (UTC)
 * P.S. Be careful what you ask for, that article is likely to have a lot of info not yet detailed in this article which I suspect you are not going to like. Yworo (talk) 01:32, 30 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Have at it, seriously, it might make a better article but more importantly, it may make you feel like you are "winning". There still isn't a link between the executive orders and the topic of this page though. Including it here is still "combining material from multiple sources to reach or imply a conclusion not explicitly stated by any of the sources"...""A and B, therefore C" is acceptable only if a reliable source has published the same argument in relation to the topic of the article."V7-sport (talk) 02:52, 30 March 2011 (UTC)

I added the offending passage in 2008. At the time I was replacing text which alleged that Reagan rescinded the no-assassination memo shortly before the Falallah killing, which is false. It looks like I added this text to vanquish the allegation, without establishing its significance with regard to the subject at hand.

As I see it, this section can only remain if it is connected by citation to the event in question. I think this can be done. It seems like any historian considering the event would note that the United States had an explicit policy outlawing assassination, when the event occurred. But I was in error when I built the section off sources and references which do not all explicitly refer to the 1985 Beirut bombing. Any sources that do not discuss the bombing, and rather consider US policy on assassination, should be removed, as I understand it. DBaba (talk) 03:37, 30 March 2011 (UTC)

 * It would be perfectly acceptable to me to reduce the whole subsection to such a statement about US having such a policy which Reagan strengthened and integrating that into the subsequent section. It is an essential part of the context, but doesn't need to be described at the length it currently is. Yworo (talk) 13:21, 30 March 2011 (UTC)
 * It would still be synthesis unless it directly addresses the topic at hand. And no... It isn't an essential part of the context, it just has been placed there so that the reader will "imply a conclusion not explicitly stated by any of the sources".V7-sport (talk) 22:31, 30 March 2011 (UTC)
 * A citation which discusses the incident in the context of the 1983 United States embassy bombing and Executive Order 12333 has been supplied. Yworo (talk) 19:26, 31 March 2011 (UTC)
 * The section doesn't even mention the Beirut car bombing, it's inclusion IS synthesis because it adds 2 unrelated items together so that the reader will draw a conclusion.V7-sport (talk) 19:55, 31 March 2011 (UTC)
 * The source provided is titled: "An Analysis of Counterterror Practice Failure: The Case of the Fadlallah Assassination Attempt" and it discusses the event in the context of the CIA preemptive counter-terror program in Lebanon and specifically discusses concerns that the program violated the Executive Order. No false claims of synthesis can possibly be taken seriously now. Yworo (talk) 19:59, 31 March 2011 (UTC)

The article now states “While this counterterror assault was carried out by “local operatives” recruited by the Lebanese intelligence agency G-2, it happened within the continuously evolving framework of an American “preemption” counterterror program….”

Having an “evolving American preemption counterterror program” doesn’t mean that the USA or CIA or Reagan or Ford had anything to do with this. Placing those executive orders and trying to tie it into Castro is synthesis because it leads the reader to a conclusion not stated by the source, that the USA was behind the bombing and that the laws being changed by the Regan Administration had something to do with that.

 * Uh, no, it doesn't. Everyone knows Reagan strengthened, not weakened, the policy. I've made this clear in the article for those who aren't aware of that and might possibly read in something unintended due to their ignorance. Yworo (talk) 23:33, 31 March 2011 (UTC)

Even your source states: "It remains unclear whether or not the actual choice of Fadlallah as a target and the plan to kill him had its sources and origins in the White House or the local operatives involved, as accounts vary.” And “In the absence of final U.S. approval for the assassination of Fadlallah, recruited “local operatives” apparently became restless and attempted to carry out the mission on their own.ix At a tactical level, the plan seemed to be largely put together by the Lebanese government and perhaps to a lesser degree, the Saudi government.” At the time of the bombing the USA had a “continuously evolving framework” for many, many things which doesn't mean they should all be included here. Further, "Richard J. Chasdi, Adjunct Assistant Professor at the Center for Peace and Conflict Studies" writing at the PNSR is hardly an unbiased source.

Pending resolution I’m going to replace the synthesis tag. Now, if you want to take this to mediation, so be it. If you want to continue to have a hissy fit and edit war I’m going to bring it to the 3rr notice board.V7-sport (talk)

 * I could care less about Castro. That was written by another editor and I agree it's inessential detail and have removed it. As for Chasdi, he certainly qualifies as a reliable source:

 * "Distinguished Fellow. Dr. Chasdi has written three books, several academic articles and encyclopedia entries. His first book, Serenade of Suffering : A Portrait of Middle East Terrorism, 1968-1993 (Lexington Books 1999) received Choice magazine's "Outstanding Academic Title" award in the field of international relations in 2000. His second book is entitled, Tapestry of Terror: A Portrait of Middle East Terrorism, 1994-1999 (Lexington Books, 2002) while his latest book is a seven nation-state cross comparative study about counterterror practice effectiveness entitled, Counterterror Offensives for the Ghost War World: The Rudiments of Counterterrorism Policy (Lexington Books, 2010). Dr. Chasdi has made academic presentations in Turkey and Canada about Middle East terrorism and counterterror practices.

 * Regards, Yworo (talk) 23:20, 31 March 2011 (UTC)

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Conspiracy theory materials
User RA8080 keeps vandalising the page with paranoid conspiracy nonsense. I'm removing this material, along with dead links, paywall links, unsourced allegations etc — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2.31.26.171 (talk) 16:18, 2 April 2018 (UTC)
 * Please see WP:PAYWALL. A paywall does not prevent a source from being cited here. 331dot (talk) 16:54, 2 April 2018 (UTC)

British Intelligence Involvement
I am going to remove the reference to the alleged involvement of British Intelligence as mentioned in the first sentence of this article, as it is not mentioned in the reference and nor is it elaborated on in the following text.

I request that if it is reinserted that a verifiable reference to details of the alleged involvement be included. Thank you. John2o2o2o (talk) 14:51, 9 March 2020 (UTC)

Biased Use of Sources
The assertion that it was organized by the CIA is rather dubious. Aside from common beliefs among some Lebanese communities, most evidence used for this assertion is based on a 12 May 1985 Washington Post article - Robert Fisk cited this in his Pity the Nation, it was also carried by CBS, LA Times, and NY Times - that refers to the mission as runaway and unauthorized. Ties between the CIA and the bombing are undoubted, but the article should probably use less blatant wording.

Such an assertion should definitely have a source at the very least, preferably something reliable. Perhaps something along the lines of "in a failed assassination attempt by a CIA proxy force described as runaway and unauthorized." Wolfie1213 (talk) 07:05, 16 May 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:1985 Beirut car bombings


text:
Finland-Sweden Athletics International

Finnkampen (Swedish, literally The Finn Battle), Suomi-Ruotsi-maaottelu (literally The Finland-Sweden match) or Ruotsi-ottelu (Sverigekampen, literally The Sweden Battle), is a yearly international athletics competition held between Sweden and Finland since 1925.

It is (since the late 1980s) the only annual athletics international with only two participating countries still held at a professional level. The two-day event attracts significant audiences, with a combined total of over 50,000 tickets sold for the 2011 competition. Three-time heptathlon world champion Carolina Klüft made her final international appearance for Sweden at the meeting in 2012.

Competition
The competition is actually divided into two internationals, one for men and one for women. Youth competitions for men and women are also held. Each country provides their three best participants in each of the events, except for the relays where there are four participants (one team) from each country. Traditionally, the competitions have been arranged alternatively, with Finland hosting in even years and Sweden in odd years. This has changed few times in recent years, seeing one country arranging the international twice in a row a few times. The reasons for this include stadium renovations and major international competitions. Points are given to all contestants completing their event (no points are given to athletes who are disqualified, do not finish the event or don't get the result in field competitions), based on the final position in every event. Points given in each event are, from 1st to 6th place: 7-5-4-3-2-1, and in relays 1st and 2nd place are awarded with 5 and 2 points.

The competition may not be a world class one looking at the results, no single world record has been set, but there are few competitions in the world that are fiercer and more prestigious. This is most often seen in the middle-distance running, where tactics are more important than time, and these events have seen many foul tricks during the years, in 1992 resulting in the disqualification of all six runners in the men's 1500 metres event.

Another important aspect of the event is that it is a team competition. A competitor who manages to reach fourth place instead of a projected sixth place can be just as important, or even more important, for the result as a "star" that secures the expected first place. A fight to the finish between competitor number five and six, half a lap behind the winner, can be just as important as the actual winner. The race is not over until the last competitor crosses the line. For many of the competitors the international is the most prestigious competition of the year.

The events in Finland have always been held in Helsinki, after 1939 at the Helsinki Olympic Stadium, but 2016 and 2018 events took place at Ratina Stadium in Tampere due to renovation of the Olympic Stadium. The Swedish events have mostly been held in Stockholm at the Stockholm Olympic Stadium. From 1999 until 2012 they were held in Gothenburg at the Ullevi Stadium because of larger spectator capacity.

History
Finnkampen was held for the first time in Helsinki in 1925, with one of the participants being the five-time Olympic champion in the 1924 Summer Olympics, Paavo Nurmi. Competitions were held in 1927, 1929 and 1931. After a pause of eight years the next competition was held in 1939, just before the outbreak of the Second World War, which led to the cancellation of the competition between 1941 and 1944. The 1940 competition was held as a triple event between Finland, Sweden and Germany, with only two athletes from each country competing in each event. The international has been continually held for men since 1945 and for women since 1964, although the first women's competition was held already in 1953.

1931 breakup
The first competitions were very much influenced by the love-hate relationship between Sweden and Finland. The 1931 event was a victory for Finland, but tensions at the track led to a knuckle fight between the runners-up in the 800 metres race.

At the banquet after the games, the new chairman of the Finnish athletics union and future president of Finland, Urho Kekkonen announced that Finland would no longer take part in the event. The tension was in a large part caused by Swedish attempts, spearheaded by Sigfrid Edström, the Swedish president of the IAAF and vice-president of the IOC, to have Paavo Nurmi declared a professional athlete, and thus banned from international competitions. After Kekkonen's speech Swedish efforts intensified, and Nurmi was banned from the 1932 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles.

It took eight years until 1939, before the Finns again decided to participate in the games, at the eve of the planned 1940 Summer Olympics in Helsinki.

Totals
Finland 🇫🇮 46 – 36 🇸🇪 Sweden Finland 🇫🇮 25 – 42 🇸🇪 Sweden Finland 🇫🇮 71 – 78 🇸🇪 Sweden
 * Men:
 * Women:
 * Total:

title: Finland-Sweden Athletics International


text:
Ji (polearm)

The ji (pronunciation:, English approximation: , ) was a Chinese polearm, sometimes translated into English as spear or halberd, though they are fundamentally different weapons. They were used in one form or another for over 3000 years, from at least as early as the Zhou dynasty, until the end of the Qing dynasty. They are still used for training purposes in many Chinese martial arts.

History
The ji was initially a hybrid between a spear and a dagger-axe. It was a relatively common infantry weapon in Ancient China, and was also used by cavalry and charioteers.

In the Song dynasty, several weapons were referred to as ji, but they were developed from spears, not from ancient ji. One variety was called the qinglong ji, and had a spear tip with a crescent blade on one side. Another type was the fangtian ji, which had a spear tip with crescent blades on both sides. They had multiple means of attack: the side blade or blades, the spear tip, plus often a rear counterweight that could be used to strike the opponent. The way the side blades were fixed to the shaft differs, but usually there were empty spaces between the pole and the side blade. The wielder could strike with the shaft, with the option of then pulling the weapon back to hook with a side blade; or, he could slap his opponent with the flat side of the blade to knock him off his horse.

Popular legend
One of the earliest known appearances of the Ji in the historical record is the fangtian huaji (方天畫戟: "painted heavenly halberd") attributed to the warrior Lü Bu in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms. It is unknown whether the peculiarity of his weapon was a literary device used by Luo Guanzhong, the author. Since this novel was based on earlier depictions of the era during the Song dynasty, the Song-era polearm may have been named based on its similarity to, or in honor of, the weapon that was attributed to Lü Bu in this famous novel. This would be comparable to the famous semi-mythological origin story of the yanyuedao (偃月刀; lit. "reclining moon blade"), the weapon wielded by Guan Yu (關羽), another character from the novel and a real historical person. The first historical or archaeological evidence of this polearm comes from an 11th-century illustration in the military manual Wujing Zongyao (武經總要). The yanyuedao came to be known as the guandao after its invention was anachronistically attributed to Guan Yu himself, due to his wielding the weapon throughout the Romance.

title: Ji (polearm)


text:
User talk:Winterlord

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. -- GraemeL (talk) 17:10, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

Please stop removing content from Wikipedia. It is considered vandalism. If you want to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you. -T2X 20:43, September 3, 2005 (UTC)

AfD nomination of Tomás Sharkey
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title: User talk:Winterlord


text:
Talk:Old Catholic Church of the Netherlands

St Boniface
I think it's pretty preposterous to claim the great catholic medieval saint St Boniface as a mamber of this heretic sect. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Wefa (talk • contribs) 17:11, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

Saints and Popes member of this Schismatic Sect?
No popes, far less Saints, were members of the schismatic and heretical sect which denies Papal Infallibility. All the Popes and Saints mentioned believed in it.

I removed the list with "famous members" as it was made up and was nonsense. Medieval Roman Catholics were no members of this separated community, as it did not exist yet back then. Only the Roman Catholic See of Utrecht existed. Like now. The Old Catholic See of Utrecht can't claim it was the original Roman Catholic See. Two beliefs two Sees.

82.72.242.204 21:10, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

Lists of bishops
I think that this article, as well as the related articles found in the relevant discussion box above, can be improved by: Please comment in Talk:Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Utrecht to centralize the discussion. –BoBoMisiu (talk) 20:17, 8 July 2014 (UTC); modified 20:23, 8 July 2014 (UTC)
 * moving all the lists of Old Catholic archbishops into either Old Catholic Archdiocese of Utrecht or a separate List of Old Catholic archbishops of Utrecht, as is done in the corresponding article in the Dutch Wikipedia

Discussion at Talk:Catholic Church and ecumenism#Diocese of Utrecht in 1703
You are invited to join the discussion at Talk:Catholic Church and ecumenism. The historic Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Utrecht (695–1580) was canonically suppressed during the Protestant Reformation because of persecution. After it was suppressed, its territory became part of a missionary administrative structure in the Low Countries, the Vicariate Apostolic of Batavia, erected in 1592. There was no "Diocese of Utrecht" that left the Catholic Church after 1703. Thanks. BoBoMisiu (talk) 15:54, 5 January 2015 (UTC)

"Ancient Catholic Church" listed at Redirects for discussion
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text:
Zygomaticus minor muscle

The zygomaticus minor muscle is a muscle of facial expression. It originates from the zygomatic bone, lateral to the rest of the levator labii superioris muscle, and inserts into the outer part of the upper lip. It draws the upper lip backward, upward, and outward and is used in smiling. It is innervated by the facial nerve (VII).

Structure
The zygomaticus minor muscle passes inferomedially from its origin to its insertion at an angle of approximately 30°. It has a mean width of around 0.5 cm.

Origin
It originates from the lateral aspect of just posterior to the zygomaticomaxillary suture.

Insertion
It inserts into the muscular tissue of the upper lip, blending distally with levator labii superioris muscle.

Innervation
The zygomaticus minor muscle receives motor innervation from the zygomatic branches and buccal branches of the facial nerve (CN VII).

Relations
The zygomaticus minor lies lateral to the rest of levator labii superioris muscle, and medial to its stronger synergist zygomaticus major muscle.

Variation
The zygomaticus minor muscle may have either a straight or a curved course along its length. It may attach to both the upper lip and the lateral alar region. It may be underdeveloped in some people, with its role taken over by nearby synergists. These synergists rarely change shape or position, but any difference in smile is usually imperceptible.

Function
The zygomaticus minor muscle draws the upper lip up, back, and out, such as during smiling.

History
The zygomaticus minor muscle is sometimes referred to as the "zygomatic head" of the levator labii superioris muscle.

title: Zygomaticus minor muscle


text:
Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History

The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History was founded in New York City by businessmen-philanthropists Richard Gilder and Lewis E. Lehrman in 1994 to promote the study and interest in American history.

The Institute serves teachers, students, scholars, and the general public. Its activities include the following:

 * creating history-centered schools;
 * organizing seminars and programs for educators;
 * producing print and electronic publications and traveling exhibitions;
 * sponsoring lectures by eminent historians;
 * administering a History Teacher of the Year Award in every state through its partnership with Preserve America;
 * awarding the Gilder Lehrman Lincoln Prize, Frederick Douglass Book Prize, George Washington Prize, and the Gilder Lehrman Prize for Military History;
 * offering fellowships for scholars to work in the Gilder Lehrman Collection and other archives.

Website
The institute maintains a website to offer educational material for teachers, students, historians, and the public, and to provide up-to-the-minute information about the institute's programs and activities. The website offers learning modules on major topics in American history, podcasts from noted historians discussing their work, online exhibitions of primary source documents, and information about the institute's programs.

Journal
The institute publishes a quarterly online history journal, History Now, featuring articles by historians, teacher lesson plans, interactive activities, and advice from the archivist.

The Gilder Lehrman Collection
The collection contains more than 60,000 documents on deposit at the New-York Historical Society detailing the political and social history of the United States. The collection's holdings include manuscript letters, diaries, maps, photographs, printed books and pamphlets, ranging from 1493 through modern times. It is particularly rich with materials in the Revolutionary, Antebellum, Civil War and Reconstruction periods.

Highlights of the collection include signed copies of the Emancipation Proclamation, the Thirteenth Amendment, a rare printed copy of the first draft of the Constitution, and thousands of unpublished Civil War soldiers' letters. Letters written by George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln, Frederick Douglass et al. vividly record the issues and events of their day. The writings of such notable women as Lucy Knox, Mercy Otis Warren, and Catharine Macaulay discuss a variety of military, political, and social issues.

The Gilder Lehrman Center for the Study of Slavery, Resistance, and Abolition
The Gilder Lehrman Center for the Study of Slavery, Resistance, and Abolition was established at Yale University.

Prizes
In 1990 the $50,000 Gilder Lehrman Lincoln Prize was established by the institute and Gettysburg College.

In 1999 the $25,000 Frederick Douglass Book Prize was established by the institute.

In 2005 the $50,000 George Washington Book Prize was established by the institute, Washington College, and George Washington's Mount Vernon.


text:
Topsy-Turvy (album)

Topsy-Turvy is the debut studio album by the American rock band The Apex Theory, now Mt. Helium. Released on April 2, 2002, it was the band's only release as a quartet, with the vocalist Ontronik Khachaturian leaving the band shortly after the album's release. After attempting to audition for a new vocalist, it was decided that the guitarist Art Karamian would take over as the band's vocalist. For its 18 year anniversary, in 2020 it was announced on The Apex Theory Instagram account the limited pressing of Topsy-Turvy on 180g Vinyl for the very first time. Serj Tankian (System of a Down) repos it. To bring awareness and raise funds for the crisis in Armenia, all proceeds after costs will be donated to Armenia Fund.

Style
PopMatters described the album as "an energy-filled fusion of progressive and modern rock." Allmusic compared the album to the music of At the Drive-In and Incubus. CMJ New Music Report made comparisons between Ontronik Khachaturian and Faith No More vocalist Mike Patton. They stated in March 2002, "from Incubus to Dog Fashion Disco, it's hard not to hear the influence of that trendsetting vocalist — best known for his stint with now-defunct Faith No More — stamped all over a huge segment of current rock artists", adding that "like Incubus, Apex Theory takes Patton's ball and runs with it in its own direction."

Reception
Topsy-Turvy peaked at #6 on the Billboard Heatseekers chart and #157 on the Billboard 200.

Personnel

 * The Apex Theory
 * Ontronik Khachaturian — vocals
 * Art Karamian — guitar
 * Dave Hakopyan — bass guitar
 * Sammy J. Watson — drums

title: Topsy-Turvy (album)


text:
Talk:Anouk (singer)

Doesn't make sense
''Anouk was born in The Hague. Her mother is a singer in a bluesband. Anouk was admitted, without any theoretical knowledge, to the conservatory, after having completed only part of her secondary education. She didn't feel at home at the conservatory and dropped out after two years.''

As translated to English, the segment above doesn't make any sense. Could someone suggest what conservatory is supposed to say? Rob Church Talk 17:12, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Sorry, I translated it too quickly. I meant music academy, I changed it a few minutes ago, along with some other changes. Let me know if there's anything else that doesn't make sense, English is not my first language. Thanks! JoanneB 17:22, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Conservatory is commonly used in English to refer to a school of music, you were fine. example -- Blorg (talk) 21:31, 8 March 2008 (UTC)

"JoanneB: This user speaks English at a near-native level" —Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.251.56.132 (talk) 11:18, 6 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Someone put Saterday so I switched it to Saturday.Cameron Nedland 20:48, 9 June 2006 (UTC)

There's no mention of Anouk's double CD "Anouk is Alive" (not DVD which IS shown) released 2006 EMI Holland —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.143.13.116 (talk) 09:44, 23 July 2006 (UTC)

Ohio??!?!
are you guys sure she moved to Ohio, US!??... in the middle of redneck land!? ...a succesful european rock star!? hard to believe. better check that information. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.47.19.140 (talk) 20:44, 3 July 2007 (UTC)
 * The Dutch article states she moved because she could no longer go on the streets in the Netherlands without being harrassed (by fans, presumably). So it would make sense for her to move to some place where she's not famous. McDutchie (talk) 03:03, 29 January 2008 (UTC)

Hmmmmm
I think mrs. Anouk wrote this article herself. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.251.56.132 (talk) 11:15, 6 July 2007 (UTC)

yeah, right!! :)) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 65.217.164.162 (talk) 10:14, 17 July 2007 (UTC)

Hmmmmm 2
"The blogger Perez Hilton put the song on his site because he loves the song." Why is this relevant at all? I think mr Hilton wrote this sentence himself. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 212.90.70.177 (talk) 10:08, 7 August 2008 (UTC)

Several Duets with Sarah Bettens
In March 2001, she released another album, Lost Tracks, which contained acoustic versions and B-sides from older songs, and various duets with K's Choice singer Sarah Bettens and The Anonymous Mis.

There's just one ("I Alone"), isn't there? Or am I missing something? The Lost Tracks entry also just mentions the one. Vivness (talk) 23:09, 4 February 2011 (UTC)

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Source check for allegations of being transphobic
So I recently heard from a friend that there are allegations of Anouk being transphobic. I set out to find some reliable sources to verify this, but I don't speak Dutch, only English, so the sources available to me might be limited.

Could a Dutch speaker check these references to see if they are reliable?

Alternatively, we could translate this passage from the Dutch Wikipedia page:

 * Op 9 februari 2024 ontstond een controverse rondom een uitlating die Anouk deed op het sociale mediaplatform Threads, waar ze de tekst "Chopping ur peepee off doesn't make you a woman. But this will. Am I cancelled now?", samen met een foto van bebloed toiletpapier plaatste. Andere bekende Nederlanders, onder wie Claudia de Breij, Tim Hofman en Davina Michelle, reageerden kritisch. Zo schreef Claudia de Breij: "Alle vrouwen zijn vrouwen. Transvrouwen dus ook. Perimenopausale vrouwen die blij zijn dat ze nog steeds een cyclus hebben, die ook."

A diehard editor (talk | edits) 12:42, 10 February 2024 (UTC)

 * Actually, nevermind, it's already been added in this edit. A diehard editor (talk | edits) 12:48, 10 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Anouk (singer)


text:
Talk:Orestes (father of Romulus Augustulus)

Untitled
"Thus he was able to pay the barbarian mercenaries who consisted most of the contemporary Roman Army" should read "Thus he was able to pay the barbarian mercenaries who comprised most of the contemporary Roman Army."

 * No - you're confusing comprise with compose or constitute. I've changed the offending word to "constituted".

Fall of the Empire
I'm one of those who considers the Roman Empire to have continued until 1453. With that in mind, I edited the last sentence from "fall of the Roman Empire" to "fall of the Roman Empire, at least in the West". Not sure what any of you think of this. Nyttend 11:14, 28 August 2006 (UTC)

This page lifted from Gibbon?
The language on this page is quite stilted and formal. Is this page copied from Gibbon's book? --mgaved 15:32, 28 August 2006 (UTC)

"Flavius"
A few days ago at Template talk:Did you know Johnbod called Orestes "Flavius Orestes", using the redirect. I can't help wondering where this has come from? Is it something to do with the film The Last Legion, or the novel by Valerio Massimo Manfredi? Moonraker (talk) 07:34, 10 August 2011 (UTC)

Death of Orestes
The article on Romulus Augustus and the article on the Deposition Of Romulus Augustus both say that Orestes was executed by Odoacer, but this article about Orestes says nothing about his death at all. Curious. Dgndenver (talk) 08:10, 28 August 2022 (UTC)


text:
Orbicularis oculi muscle

The orbicularis oculi is a muscle in the face that closes the eyelids. It arises from the nasal part of the frontal bone, from the frontal process of the maxilla in front of the lacrimal groove, and from the anterior surface and borders of a short fibrous band, the medial palpebral ligament.

From this origin, the fibers are directed laterally, forming a broad and thin layer, which occupies the eyelids or palpebræ, surrounds the circumference of the orbit, and spreads over the temple, and downward on the cheek.

Structure
There are at least 3 clearly defined sections of the orbicularis muscle. However, it is not clear whether the lacrimal section is a separate section, or whether it is just an extension of the preseptal and pretarsal sections.

Orbital orbicularis
The orbital portion is thicker and of a reddish color; its fibers form a complete ellipse without interruption at the lateral palpebral commissure; the upper fibers of this portion blend with the frontalis and corrugator.

Palpebral orbicularis
The palpebral portion of the muscle is thin and pale; it arises from the bifurcation of the medial palpebral ligament, forms a series of concentric curves, and is inserted into the lateral palpebral raphe at the outer canthus (corner) of the eye. The palpebral portion contains the preseptal and pretarsal muscles. The pretarsal orbicularis is thought to be responsible for the spontaneous blink.

Lacrimal orbicularis
The lacrimal part is a small, thin muscle, about 6 mm in breadth and 12 mm in length, situated behind the medial palpebral ligament and lacrimal sac. It arises from the posterior crest and adjacent part of the orbital surface of the lacrimal bone, and passing behind the lacrimal sac, divides into two slips, upper and lower, which are inserted into the superior and inferior tarsi medial to the puncta lacrimalia; occasionally it is very indistinct. The lacrimal orbicularis facilitates the tear pump into the lacrimal sac.

Function
The muscle acts to close the eye, and is the only muscle capable of doing so. Loss of function for any reason results in an inability to close the eye, necessitating eye drops at the minimum to surgical closure of the eye in extreme cases.

The palpebral portion acts involuntarily, closing the lids gently, as in sleep or in blinking; the orbital portion is subject to conscious control. When the entire muscle is brought into action, the skin of the forehead, temple, and cheek is drawn toward the medial angle of the orbit, and the eyelids are firmly closed, as in photophobia. The skin thus drawn upon is thrown into folds, especially radiating from the lateral angle of the eyelids; these folds become permanent in senescence, and form the so-called "crow's feet". The Levator palpebræ superioris is the direct antagonist of this muscle; it raises the upper eyelid and exposes the front of the bulb of the eye. In addition, the orbital and palpebral portions can work independent of each other, as in the furrowing of the brows by contraction of the orbital to reduce glare while keeping the eyes open by virtue of the relaxation of the palpebral.

Each time the eyelids are closed through the action of the orbicularis, the medial palpebral ligament is tightened, the wall of the lacrimal sac is thus drawn lateralward and forward, so that a vacuum is made in it and the tears are sucked along the lacrimal canals into it. The lacrimal part of the orbicularis oculi draws the eyelids and the ends of the lacrimal canals medialward and compresses them against the surface of the globe of the eye, thus placing them in the most favorable situation for receiving the tears; it also compresses the lacrimal sac. This part comprises two pieces: Horner's muscle and the muscle of Riolan, the latter helps hold the eyelids together to keep the lacrimal passage waterproof.

Associated pathology, such as a lesion of the facial nerve seen in Bell's palsy results in the inability to blink or close the ipsilateral eyelid. Subsequent lack of irrigation increases the risk of corneal inflammation and ulcers.

A number of auxiliary muscles assist in cooperating with the eyelid muscles. For example, the corrugator supercilii pulls the eyebrows to the bridge of the nose, making a roof over the middle of the forehead and forehead wrinkles, used mainly to protect the eyes from excess sunlight. The procerus (pyramidalis) muscles, in the bridge of the nose, arise from the lower nasal bone to the lower forehead, on each side of the midline. The procerus muscles pull the skin into horizontal wrinkles. The frontalis muscle, which runs from the upper forehead, halfway between the coronal suture (which traverses the top of the skull) and the top edge of the orbit, attaches to the eyebrow skin. Since it pulls the eyebrows upward, it is the antagonist of the orbicularis oculi. It is used in looking up, and increasing vision if there is insufficient light or when objects are far away.

Clinical significance
It is involved in the corneal reflex, part of the assessment of the function of the facial nerve. This can be used to examine the facial nerve even in unconscious patients.

title: Orbicularis oculi muscle


text:
File:Tempts-wings-of-love.jpg

Summary
Wings of Love

title: File:Tempts-wings-of-love.jpg


text:
User talk:Raven01uk

Welcome
Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Also, ==Image Copyright Problem RE:The Screenshots of a [[Drone Weapon]]==
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Thanks for uploading The Screenshots of a [[Drone Weapon]]. The Wikimedia Foundation is very careful about the images included in Wikipedia because of copyright law. We need you to specify two things on the The Screenshots of a [[Drone Weapon|image description page]]:
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If you have any questions, just leave a message on my talk page. Thanks again. Karmafist 17:15, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

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Non-free use disputed for Image:Rising038.jpg
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Orphaned non-free media (Image:Rising2759.jpg)
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Orphaned non-free image File:Rising038.jpg
 Thanks for uploading File:Rising038.jpg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described in the criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. --B-bot (talk) 17:51, 25 June 2016 (UTC)

title: User talk:Raven01uk


text:
File:Tempts-house-party.jpg

Summary
House Party (Temptations album)

title: File:Tempts-house-party.jpg


text:
File:Temptations-do-temptations.jpg

Summary
The Temptations Do the Temptations

title: File:Temptations-do-temptations.jpg


text:
File:Temptations-in-japan.jpg

Summary
The Temptations in Japan

title: File:Temptations-in-japan.jpg


text:
Orbital part of frontal bone

The orbital or horizontal part of the frontal bone (pars orbitalis) consists of two thin triangular plates, the orbital plates, which form the vaults of the orbits, and are separated from one another by a median gap, the ethmoidal notch.

Surfaces

 * The inferior surface of each orbital plate is smooth and concave, and presents, laterally, under cover of the zygomatic process, a shallow depression, the lacrimal fossa, for the lacrimal gland; near the nasal part is a depression, the fovea trochlearis, or occasionally a small trochlear spine, for the attachment of the cartilaginous pulley of the obliquus oculi superior.
 * The superior surface is convex, and marked by depressions for the convolutions of the frontal lobes of the brain, and faint grooves for the meningeal branches of the ethmoidal vessels.
 * The ethmoidal notch separates the two orbital plates; it is quadrilateral, and filled, in the articulated skull, by the cribriform plate of the ethmoid.
 * The margins of the notch present several half-cells which, when united with corresponding half-cells on the upper surface of the ethmoid, complete the ethmoidal air cells.
 * Two grooves cross these edges transversely; they are converted into the anterior and posterior ethmoidal canals by the ethmoid, and open on the medial wall of the orbit.
 * The anterior canal transmits the nasociliary nerve and anterior ethmoidal vessels,
 * the posterior, the posterior ethmoidal nerve and vessels.
 * In front of the ethmoidal notch, on either side of the frontal spine, are the openings of the frontal air sinuses.
 * These are two irregular cavities, which extend backward, upward, and lateralward for a variable distance between the two tables of the skull; they are separated from one another by a thin bony septum, which often deviates to one or other side, with the result that the sinuses are rarely symmetrical.
 * Absent at birth, they are usually fairly well-developed between the seventh and eighth years, but only reach their full size after puberty.
 * They vary in size in different persons, and are larger in men than in women.
 * They are lined by mucous membrane, and each communicates with the corresponding nasal cavity by means of a passage called the frontonasal duct.

title: Orbital part of frontal bone


text: User talk:81.26.239.50

title: User talk:81.26.239.50


text:
User:Uncle G's major work 'bot

I am the 'bot account under which all of Uncle G's automated and semi-automated editing tools run when major work is being performed.

It is intended that I will be flagged as a 'bot, as my edit load will flood recent changes. However, that is not the case yet, and all of my edits are currently subject to the usual scrutiny of edits made by pseudonymous users.

For details of the tools used, see User:Uncle G's 'bot.

Tasks
This is what I do.

Moving PFD sub-pages to AFD sub-pages
Roughly 260 articles have been created with discussion pages under Pages for deletion. These are being moved to live under Articles for deletion (stopping off at Votes for deletion along the way in order to create a redirect and prevent duplicate discussions springing up). This task is being performed automatically, using a list scraped from Category:Pages for deletion being fed to a PFD-TO-AFD.btm script which wraps around two invocations of WIKIMOVE.exe.

In preparation for this work, placeholder redirects are being created at all of the missing Votes for deletion sub-pages, by feeding the same list to a PFDFIX.btm script (which wraps WIKIPREPEND.exe), in order that duplicate discussions do not arise as a result of Template:vfd as it currently stands.

Moving VFD sub-pages to AFD sub-pages
It is intended that all of the sub-pages under Votes for deletion be moved to sub-pages of Articles for deletion.

(A few pages belong under Miscellany for deletion instead. These have already been moved.  All of the sub-pages associated with the pages in Category:Pages on votes for deletion have also already been moved, re-colouring the redlinks on any articles nominated for deletion that are transcluding Template:vfd, rather than having it substituted.)

Such a move requires a list of all such pages. An incomplete list of sub-pages has been created by collecting all of the transclusions from all of the per-day AFD sub-pages for 2005 (20445 discussion sub-pages in total). This is currently being fed to a VFD-TO-AFD.btm script which wraps around WIKIMOVE.exe. A further list, comprising the remaining per-day listings (from 2004-12-25 onwards) has yet to be created. Creating a list of discussions prior to 2004-12-25 is more difficult, as there are no handy per-day lists to scan.

Moving IFD sub-pages to FFD sub-pages
All of the sub-pages under Images and media for deletion are to be moved to sub-pages of Files for deletion, to follow the renaming of the main page.

A list of sub-pages has been created (by simply listing all calendar dates for 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008). This is currently being fed to a IFD-TO-FFD.btm script which wraps around WIKIMOVE.exe. A further list, comprising a few remaining per-day listings (that use a different date format) has yet to be created. Those, like the remaining non-day pages at Special:Prefixindex/Wikipedia:Images and media for deletion/, are probably easiest to simply feed to the script by hand.

Mass blanking for CCI
All of the page creations listed at Contributor copyright investigations/Darius Dhlomo are being blanked, with a notice informing editors that their copyright status reqires review and investigation.

The list created by VernoWhitney is being fed to a <tt>DHLOMO-PROCESS.cmd</tt> script which wraps around <tt>WIKIARTQRY.exe</tt> and <tt>WIKIPUT.exe</tt>.

title: User:Uncle G's major work 'bot


text: Category:Belgian etchers

title: Category:Belgian etchers


text:
Talk:Bounty Hunters

Are bounty hunters in other cities.

not that i kno of, i run with five line and so far this is the only place i've seen with bounty hunters, and if they're are other places they prolly arent real.

title: Talk:Bounty Hunters


text:
User talk:Uncle G's major work 'bot

May I pick your bot nit, please
I believe such a piece of (solely) software should be called a bot, not a 'bot (just my nit-picky opinion as a computer science major). --IByte 22:45, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

This is a automated to all bot operators
Please take a few moments and fill in the data for your bot on Bots/Status Thank you Betacommand (talk • contribs • Bot) 19:52, 12 February 2007 (UTC)

Automated message to bot owners
As a result of discussion on the village pump and mailing list, bots are now allowed to edit up to 15 times per minute. The following is the new text regarding bot edit rates from Bot Policy: "Until new bots are accepted they should wait 30-60 seconds between edits, so as to not clog the recent changes list and user watchlists. After being accepted and a bureaucrat has marked them as a bot, they can edit at a much faster pace. Bots doing non-urgent tasks should edit approximately once every ten seconds, while bots who would benefit from faster editing may edit approximately once every every four seconds." Also, to eliminate the need to spam the bot talk pages, please add Bot owners' noticeboard to your watchlist. Future messages which affect bot owners will be posted there. Thank you. --Mets501 05:13, 22 February 2007 (UTC)

September 2010
Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to 1980 Marathon Year Ranking, did not appear to be constructive and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and read the welcome page to learn more about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. The reverted edit can be found here. Thank you. HJ Mitchell |  Penny for your thoughts?   17:15, 20 September 2010 (UTC)

Rolling back
Good morning, Uncle G's major work 'bot! Thanks for all the hard work you've done. :D I've spent about an hour unblanking articles so far that have already been cleared at CCI, and I just wanted you (and, more specifically, any others who visit the page) to know that I'm switching to rollback simply to save my poor wrists from disability. I am only rolling back blanking on articles that have already been checked and cleared. --Moonriddengirl (talk) 12:11, 22 September 2010 (UTC)
 * The best idea is probably to contact Uncle G, the owner of the bot itself. Hey  Mid  (contributions) 17:16, 29 September 2010 (UTC)

U r ruining wikipedia
just kidding!!!!!!!!!!! u r doing a good job! :-D --Bad edits r dumb (talk) 03:38, 23 September 2010 (UTC)

Verné Lesche
Hi,

Would it be too much to ask exactly who's copyright is supposed to be infringed? Perhaps that site is quoting from wikipedia itself.Dirk P Broer (talk) 11:01, 24 September 2010 (UTC)

I Agree with Dirk P. This is a very generic and bland article with very general results! Misterfrisky (talk) 18:50, 24 September 2010 (UTC)

Stub categories
When dealing with copyvio pages, please don't replace stub tags with stub categories. Instead, please either leave the stub tag, or remove the stub category entirely. עוד מישהו Od Mishehu 08:28, 14 October 2010 (UTC)
 * And please also leave s alone. עוד מישהו Od Mishehu 08:39, 14 October 2010 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:09, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:33, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Uncle G's major work 'bot


text:
User talk:Reverend lovejoy2

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, you can post to the help desk or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome!--Pharos 17:19, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
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title: User talk:Reverend lovejoy2


text:
Frontalis muscle

The frontalis muscle is a muscle which covers parts of the forehead of the skull. Some sources consider the frontalis muscle to be a distinct muscle. However, Terminologia Anatomica currently classifies it as part of the occipitofrontalis muscle along with the occipitalis muscle.

In humans, the frontalis muscle only serves for facial expressions.

The frontalis muscle is supplied by the facial nerve and receives blood from the supraorbital and supratrochlear arteries.

Structure
The frontalis muscle is thin, of a quadrilateral form, and intimately adherent to the superficial fascia. It is broader than the occipitalis and its fibers are longer and paler in color. It is located on the front of the head.

The muscle has no bony attachments. Its medial fibers are continuous with those of the procerus; its intermediate fibers blend with the corrugator and orbicularis oculi muscles, thus attached to the skin of the eyebrows; and its lateral fibers are also blended with the latter muscle over the zygomatic process of the frontal bone.

From these attachments the fibers are directed upward, and join the galea aponeurotica below the coronal suture.

The medial margins of the frontalis muscles are joined together for some distance above the root of the nose; but between the occipitales there is a considerable, though variable, interval, occupied by the galea aponeurotica.

Function
In humans, the frontalis muscle only serves for facial expressions.

In the eyebrows, its primary function is to lift them (thus opposing the orbital portion of the orbicularis), especially when looking up. It also acts when a view is too distant or dim. The frontalis muscle also serves to wrinkle the forehead.

title: Frontalis muscle


text:
Talk:Shadow play

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 8 January 2020 and 15 April 2020. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Kizlurtzman.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 09:08, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Usage in plato's allеgory
Should include some reference to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegory_of_the_Cave. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 94.101.120.62 (talk) 11:54, 7 July 2012 (UTC)

Material deliberately dropped in merge
I am changing Shadow puppet, which was more or less a stub, into a redirect here. The following passage there was the one substantive thing at that article. However, it was uncited and smacks of fiction or legend, so I have not merged it (pending citation):

 * Shadow puppetry originated in China two thousand years ago. The legend of its creation tells of the Emperor WuTi and his favorite courtesan, Lady Li. Lady Li died an untimely death which sent the Emperor into a depression so deep that he would not govern, eat or sleep. His court magician was summoned to him and asked to bring LadyLi back to life. The magician had an idea: by cutting out the figure of Lady Li and casting its shadow on a candle lit screen, he retold the courtship of the lovers. Emperor WuTi was lifted from his depression as he saw his love come to life. The Chinese believe that the spirit is manifested in the shadow and brought to Earth through the art of the shadow puppetteer. Emperor WuTi declared Shadow Puppet Theater a High Art form to be brought to all corners of his empire. And so it was.

Jmabel | Talk 17:20, August 28, 2005 (UTC)

Shadow play in India
I think this article diserves some references to India, as the shadow play was practiced for telling the Ramayana and Mahabharata. This is however not the subject I am comfortable at, so maybe somebody else can take up the lead. --Jdesmet 02:08, 25 July 2006 (UTC)

Karagöz Question
The Turkish section of this article (which is very small) refers to Karagöz as "the Turkish form of shadow play". However, nowhere in the Karagöz article does it reference shadow theatre - it is merely a form of puppet theatre. Should the section be redone, deleted, or left alone? Alohasoy 01:26, 15 November 2006 (UTC)

Linkspam
I've twice now removed the link Asian Collection at the Center for Puppetry Arts. It looks like WP:LINKSPAM to me. It does not appear to be a reference for anything. I'm not even sure how it relates to the information where it was added. I've not yet looked into how it was first added. --Ronz (talk) 19:14, 21 April 2009 (UTC)

 * It is not any form of spam, but instead serves to enhance knowledge of this subject for our users. By the way, how did you come across this page? Badagnani (talk) 20:44, 21 April 2009 (UTC)
 * See Requests_for_comment/Badagnani for detailed discussions of similar situations like this one where obviously inappropriate links are argued to be somehow valid for reasons that are never actually given. --Ronz (talk) 23:57, 21 April 2009 (UTC)

The link was added here. Maybe the link was added in error, or perhaps the page has changed. No matter what, the article has nothing that I can tell to do with the associated information, "The Center for Puppetry Arts in Atlanta, Georgia has an extensive variety of Chinese shadow puppets in their Asian collection." --Ronz (talk) 23:59, 21 April 2009 (UTC)

I'm not sure if it's spam or just someone who doesn't get what external links are for, but it clearly has no business being on this article. DreamGuy (talk) 15:00, 22 April 2009 (UTC)

History section needed
There is a lot of country sections with individual histories, but no overview of the historical development. --Thorseth (talk) 09:11, 19 August 2009 (UTC)

Тhe Adventures of Prince Achmed
Тhe Adventures of Prince Achmed probably deserves some mention in this article. I keep my fuzzy paws off stuff, nowadays. Kid Bugs (talk) 20:48, 13 March 2011 (UTC)
 * I've seen The Adventures of Prince Achmed shadow animation in animation film festival in Jakarta several years ago, I think it would be great and worth to be mentioned in shadow play article, please do so. (Gunkarta (talk) 09:40, 14 March 2011 (UTC)).

Congratulations!
Congratulations on appearing on Wikipedia's main page as a "Did you know..." listing. I've been involved in the DYK process and so I know the time it takes and the coordination required between between editors...let's just say it isn't the easiest thing to accomplish. You deserve recognition, appreciation and applause. Thank you very much to all the contributing editors who made this listing possible.:The Very Best of Regards,  Bfpage |leave a message 22:49, 9 July 2015 (UTC)

Overlaid images

I am trying the overlaid template in this article in several sections, and I seem to be doing something wrong. I was trying to overlay the map into the bottom 70% right corner of the other image, and probably got the entries wrong. What should it be? If you show me one case, I may be able to figure out the other cases. Thanks, Ms Sarah Welch (talk) 14:10, 28 July 2017 (UTC)
 * Have a look at the annotations I've made and see if they help. To move it to another corner, you do need to know both the height and width of each image, but you can simply preview a thumbnail at the width you want and use the browser 'inspect' tool to read its height (e.g. right-click on the thumbnail and pick 'inspect' in Chrome or similar browsers). Of course you can trim the move a few pixels either way for aesthetics once you're in roughly the right place. Let me know if you run into any problems.
 * P.S. Incidentally, you can make the frame taller and move the map down a bit if you find it's hiding too much of the image.
 * P.S. Incidentally, you can make the frame taller and move the map down a bit if you find it's hiding too much of the image.

 * Anyway, you can experiment once you have the basics working. Cheers --RexxS (talk) 16:34, 28 July 2017 (UTC)

 * Thats it, that is what I was looking for. Thanks, Ms Sarah Welch (talk) 18:48, 28 July 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
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Wiki Education assignment: English Composition 2
— Assignment last updated by Applegirl1234 (talk) 14:29, 2 February 2023 (UTC)

China Shadow Play
I've done some research and there is more that could be added in the China section. For example, different styles of shadow play and the regions that display these styles. Thoughts? Applegirl1234 (talk) 20:40, 22 March 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Shadow play