text:
User talk:Zainubrazvi

Welcome to my Talk pages. If you have anything to say about any of my contributions, please leave by a comment. Zainub 08:58, 6 February 2007 (UTC)

Welcome
Welcome!

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License tagging for Image:Reba Shahid.jpg
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Re:Request for Peer Review
Salaam Zainub. I would be glad to give my feedback on Zohra Daoud here. I apologize for the late reply but I have been rather busy. I will post my comments within the next week. Thanks for thinking to ask for my help. Khuda hafiz, AnupamTalk 04:28, 22 February 2007 (UTC)

assessment request
Your assessment request for Fatima Jinnah Dental College by the WP:BIOGRAPHY project has been denied, because schools are not in scope of this project. Sorry. Er rab  ee 23:00, 3 April 2007 (UTC)

Citing sources
Hey, I looked over your article Naseem Ashraf, great job on it. Just to let you know though, when adding references, puntuation goes before the reference rather than after. Just pointing that out :)-- Wizardman 03:03, 19 April 2007 (UTC)

Possibly unfree Image:Naseem-Ashraf.jpg
An image that you uploaded or altered, Image:Naseem-Ashraf.jpg, has been listed at Possibly unfree images because its copyright status is disputed. If the image's copyright status cannot be verified, it may be deleted. Please go to its page for more information if you are interested in it not being deleted. Thank you.  howcheng  {chat} 20:39, 19 April 2007 (UTC)

Possibly unfree Image:Bangles.jpg
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Crater Lake
Hi Zainubrazvi, the image you uploaded, Image:Crater_lake_oregon.jpg, is very nice. However, it is only 632 x 424 pixels. Do you have a higher resolution version that you would be willing to upload?

Also, do you know what date the photo was taken on? It would be nice if that date were listed on the image description page. Thanks. --Seattle Skier (talk) 07:39, 2 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Thanks for your reply. The reason I asked about the date is that the photo is clearly a winter photo, and could not have been taken on July 17, 2006.  I visited Crater Lake only 5 days earlier, on July 12, 2006, and there were only a few patches of snow left.  The photo shows continuous and deep snow everywhere, so it was probably taken between November and April.  I would appreciate it if you could find the correct date, and update the image description page with that info.  Thanks.  --Seattle Skier (talk) 17:27, 2 May 2007 (UTC)

Request to Join WP Pakistan
As a Pakistani Wikipedian you are request to join WikiProject Pakistan/Participants.User talk:Yousaf465

Image:DCLogoPlus.jpg
Hello Zainubrazvi, an automated process has found an image or media file tagged as nonfree media, such as fair use. The image (Image:DCLogoPlus.jpg) was found at the following location: User:Zainubrazvi. This image or media will be removed per statement number 9 of our non-free content policy. The image or media will be replaced with Image:NonFreeImageRemoved.svg, so your formatting of your userpage should be fine. The image that was replaced will not be automatically deleted, but it could be deleted at a later date. Articles using the same image should not be affected by my edits. I ask you to please not re-add the image to your userpage and could consider finding a replacement image licensed under either the Creative Commons or GFDL license or released to the public domain. Please note that it is possible that the image on your page is included vie a template or usebox. In that case, please find a free image for the template or userbox. Thanks for your attention and cooperation. User:Gnome (Bot)-talk 11:30, 19 May 2007 (UTC)

Non-free use disputed for Image:DCLogoPlus.jpg
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Psssht!
I think you might like this. --Enzuru 01:01, 10 June 2007 (UTC)

Mehndi FP Candidate
Hi Zainubrazvi. Just for your information, I liked your mehndi image enough to nominate it as a candidate to be a Wikipedia Featured Picture. You can go vote or just watch how it does over here. Thanks for contributing it! --TotoBaggins 17:49, 22 June 2007 (UTC)

The WikiProject Universities Newsletter: Issue I (September 2007)
The September 2007 issue of the WikiProject Universities newsletter has been published. You may read the newsletter, change the format in which future issues will be delivered to you, or unsubscribe from this notification by following the link. Thank you for your continued support of WikiProject Universities! --  Noetic  Sage  19:49, 8 October 2007 (UTC)

Disputed fair use rationale for Image:DCLogoPlus.jpg
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If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 03:00, 26 October 2007 (UTC)

Disputed fair use rationale for Image:FJDC Logo.jpg
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If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 05:32, 26 October 2007 (UTC)

The WikiProject Universities Newsletter: Issue II (October 2007)
The October 2007 issue of the WikiProject Universities newsletter has been published. You may read the newsletter, change the format in which future issues will be delivered to you, or unsubscribe from this notification by following the link. Thank you for your continued support of WikiProject Universities! — Noetic  Sage  20:02, 30 October 2007 (UTC)

The WikiProject Universities Newsletter: Issue III (November 2007)
The November 2007 issue of the WikiProject Universities newsletter has been published. You may read the newsletter, change the format in which future issues will be delivered to you, or unsubscribe from this notification by following the link. Thank you for your continued support of WikiProject Universities!  Noetic  Sage  19:59, 1 December 2007 (UTC)

The WikiProject Universities Newsletter: Issue IV (December 2007)
The December 2007 issue of the WikiProject Universities newsletter has been published. You may read the newsletter, change the format in which future issues will be delivered to you, or unsubscribe from this notification by following the link. Thank you for your continued support of WikiProject Universities! — Noetic  Sage  23:27, 30 December 2007 (UTC)

Image:Clifton_NJ_1.jpg listed for deletion
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Penal notice
Another editor has added the "prod" template to the article Penal notice, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but the editor doesn't believe it satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and has explained why in the article (see also What Wikipedia is not and Notability). Please either work to improve the article if the topic is worthy of inclusion in Wikipedia or discuss the relevant issues at its talk page. If you remove the prod template, the article will not be deleted, but note that it may still be sent to Articles for deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. BJBot (talk) 05:44, 25 January 2008 (UTC)

The WikiProject Universities Newsletter: Issue V (January 2008)
The January 2008 issue of the WikiProject Universities newsletter has been published. You may read the newsletter, change the format in which future issues will be delivered to you, or unsubscribe from this notification by following the link. Thank you for your continued support of WikiProject Universities! — Noetic  Sage  22:00, 3 February 2008 (UTC)

WikiProject Universities Newsletter: Issue VI (February 2008)
The February 2008 issue of the WikiProject Universities newsletter has been published. You may read the newsletter, change the format in which future issues will be delivered to you, or unsubscribe from this notification by following the link. Thank you for your continued support of WikiProject Universities! — Delivered on 19:22, 5 March 2008 (UTC) by MiszaBot (talk)

WikiProject Universities Newsletter: Issue VII (March 2008)
The March 2008 issue of the WikiProject Universities newsletter has been published. You may read the newsletter, change the format in which future issues will be delivered to you, or unsubscribe from this notification by following the link. Thank you for your continued support of WikiProject Universities! — Delivered on 18:03, 31 March 2008 (UTC) by MiszaBot (talk)

WikiProject Universities Newsletter: Issue VIII (April 2008)
The April 2008 issue of the WikiProject Universities newsletter has been published. You may read the newsletter, change the format in which future issues will be delivered to you, or unsubscribe from this notification by following the link. Thank you for your continued support of WikiProject Universities! — Delivered on 21:33, 2 May 2008 (UTC) by MiszaBot (talk)

File:Ariel View of Bangkok.JPG listed for deletion
An image or media file that you uploaded or altered, File:Ariel View of Bangkok.JPG, has been listed at Files for deletion. Please see the discussion to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted. Peripitus (Talk) 09:54, 5 February 2009 (UTC)

Nomination of Amit Varma for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Amit Varma is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Amit Varma until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on good quality evidence, and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion template from the top of the article. — HELL KNOWZ  ▎TALK 23:07, 1 March 2011 (UTC)

File:Meme.JPG missing description details
Dear uploader: The media file you uploaded as File:Meme.JPG is missing a description and/or other details on its image description page. If possible, please add this information. This will help other editors to make better use of the image, and it will be more informative for readers.

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If you have any questions please see Help:Image page. Thank you. Sfan00 IMG (talk) 09:30, 24 September 2011 (UTC)

File:Meme.JPG listed for deletion
A file that you uploaded or altered, File:Meme.JPG, has been listed at Files for deletion. Please see the to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted. Thank you.  S ven M anguard  Wha?  05:12, 11 October 2011 (UTC)

Nikah 003.jpg - could you update someone's wrong description please?
Someone uploaded your image to commons describing it as
 * showing a poor indian Girl signing a 'nikahnama', the Muslim marriage certificate

I'm sure that you are not surprised that reading the image shows it says "Islamic Center of Irving", as in Irving, Texas, USA, and the certificate is on a Pizza Inn box.

Yet someone just changed one use of the image to say "An Indian marriage certificate".

Could you maybe add a note at page File:Nikah 003.jpg to say this ain't from India? (BTW: Thank you for the image - it is being used) Shenme (talk) 06:25, 1 September 2012 (UTC)

Join us at FB
Hello Pakistanis Wikipedians! Assalam-o-Alaikum, I hope you are enjoying editing Wikipedia and helping around. I want to join every Pakistani Wikipedian on facebook so I hope you would like to join us in our community. We would/could help each other and make Pakistani articles more better.

Join us:
 * Group: Pakistani Wikipedians
 * Page: Pakistani Wikipedians

And then sign my guestbook for memories.

Regards: --  Captain Wikipedia!     ( T - C  - G  ) 08:59, 19 November 2012 (UTC)

Notification of automated file description generation
Your upload of File:Blowing Rock1.jpg or contribution to its description is noted, and thanks (even if belatedly) for your contribution. In order to help make better use of the media, an attempt has been made by an automated process to identify and add certain information to the media's description page.

This notification is placed on your talk page because a bot has identified you either as the uploader of the file, or as a contributor to its metadata. It would be appreciated if you could carefully review the information the bot added. To opt out of these notifications, please follow the instructions here. Thanks! Message delivered by Theo's Little Bot (opt-out) 13:41, 13 February 2014 (UTC)

 * Another one of your uploads, File:Books Books.JPG, has also had some information automatically added. If you get a moment, please review the bot's contributions there as well. Thanks! Message delivered by Theo's Little Bot (opt-out) 14:02, 18 February 2014 (UTC)

Wiki Loves Monuments - Pakistan

'''Hi !

Wiki Loves Monuments, the world's largest photography competition, will be taking place in Pakistan this September. The competition is all about capturing the cultural monuments and heritage sites of Pakistan and uploading these images on Commons to create an online repository which will be freely available to all.

Start taking photos of the sites enlisted here and upload them in September to be eligible for national and international prizes.

Email: contact@wikilovesmonuments.pk Official website: wikilovesmonuments.pk Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/WikiLovesMonumentsPK Posted by MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 22:10, 8 June 2014 (UTC) on behalf of WikiProject Pakistan

Pakistani Cultural Heritage - Edit Drive
Hi !

Wikimedia Community User Group Pakistan is organizing an edit drive for Pakistani Wikipedians on Pakistani Cultural Heritage throughout the month of July. Top three contributors will be given a gift pack containing Wikipedia merchandise.

You can read the event details here. MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 11:14, 1 July 2014 (UTC) You are receiving this message as a member of WikiProject Pakistan

A kitten for you!
AOa, how are things with you, glad to see you contributing in Wikipedia. I would like to invite you to see my user page and help me to improve the articles I have created and contributed. regards: JogiAsad thanks

Jogi don (talk) 03:25, 16 June 2015 (UTC)

Copyright problem: Glass ionomer cement
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! We welcome and appreciate your contributions, such as Glass ionomer cement, but we regretfully cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from either web sites or printed material. This article appears to contain material copied from https://www.cda-adc.ca/jcda/vol-65/issue-9/491.html and http://www.nature.com/bdj/journal/v192/n9/full/4801411a.html, and therefore to constitute a violation of Wikipedia's copyright policies. The copyrighted text has been or will soon be deleted. While we appreciate contributions, we must require all contributors to understand and comply with our copyright policy. Wikipedia takes copyright violations very seriously, and persistent violators are liable to be blocked from editing.

If you believe that the article is not a copyright violation, or if you have permission from the copyright holder to release the content freely under license allowed by Wikipedia, then you should do one of the following:

 * If you have permission from the author to release the text under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License (CC-BY-SA), leave a message explaining the details at Talk:Glass ionomer cement and send an email with confirmation of permission to "permissions-en (at) wikimedia (dot) org". Make sure you quote the exact page name, Glass ionomer cement, in your email. See Requesting copyright permission for instructions.
 * If you own the copyright to the material: send an e-mail from an address associated with the original publication to permissions-en(at)wikimedia(dot)org or a postal message to the Wikimedia Foundation permitting re-use under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License and GNU Free Documentation License, and note that you have done so on Talk:Glass ionomer cement. See Donating copyrighted materials for instructions.
 * If a note on the original website states that re-use is permitted "under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License (CC-BY-SA), version 3.0", or that the material is released into the public domain, or if you have strong reason to believe it is, leave a note at Talk:Glass ionomer cement with a link to where we can find that note or your explanation of why you believe the content is free for reuse.

It may also be necessary for the text be modified to have an encyclopedic tone and to follow Wikipedia article layout. For more information on Wikipedia's policies, see Wikipedia's policies and guidelines.

If you would like to begin working on a new version of the article you may do so at [ this temporary page]. Leave a note at Talk:Glass ionomer cement saying you have done so and an administrator will move the new article into place once the issue is resolved.

Thank you, and please feel welcome to continue contributing to Wikipedia. Happy editing! Peter James (talk) 00:25, 24 October 2015 (UTC)

November 2015
Your addition to Glass ionomer cement has been removed, as it appears to have added copyrighted material to Wikipedia without permission from the copyright holder. If you are the copyright holder, please read Donating copyrighted materials for more information on uploading your material to Wikipedia. For legal reasons, Wikipedia cannot accept copyrighted material, including text or images from print publications or from other websites, without an appropriate and verifiable license. All such contributions will be deleted. You may use external websites or publications as a source of information, but not as a source of content, such as sentences or images—you must write using your own words. Wikipedia takes copyright violations very seriously and persistent violators will be blocked from editing. Justlettersandnumbers (talk) 09:28, 10 November 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:09, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:33, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of File:Amit varma.jpg

A tag has been placed on File:Amit varma.jpg requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section F3 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because it is a file licensed as "for non-commercial use only", "no derivative use", "for Wikipedia use only", or "used with permission"; and it has not been shown to comply with the limited standards for the use of non-free content. If you agree with the deletion, there is no need to do anything. If, however, you believe that this image may be retained on Wikipedia under one of the permitted conditions then:
 * state clearly the source of the image. If it has been copied from elsewhere on the web you should provide links to: the image itself, the page which uses it and the page which contains the license conditions.
 * add the relevant copyright tag and if necessary, a complete fair use rationale.

If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be removed without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If the page is deleted, and you wish to retrieve the deleted material for future reference or improvement, then please contact the, or if you have already done so, you can place a request here. (t) Josve05a  (c) 22:24, 16 April 2017 (UTC)

WikiProject Afghanistan
Hello Zainubrazvi, your name has been removed from the less active members list at WikiProject Afghanistan/Members and moved to the section of the members list. This is because you have not edited for over a year. If you become active again, feel free to move your name back to the active members lists. Cheers, — Danre98 ( talk ^ contribs ) 15:32, 18 August 2021 (UTC)

title: User talk:Zainubrazvi


text:
Diego Fernández de Córdoba, 1st Marquess of Guadalcázar

Diego Fernández de Córdoba y López de las Roelas, 1st Marquess of Guadalcázar (1578 – 6 October 1630), was Viceroy of Mexico from October 18, 1612, to March 14, 1621, and Viceroy of Peru from July 25, 1622, to January 14, 1629.

Early life
He was born in Seville. In 1598, aged 20, he was in Central Europe as an ambassador with a mandate to travel and bring back to Spain the 13- to 14-year-old orphaned bride Margaret of Austria (daughter of Archduke Charles II of Austria and Maria Anna of Bavaria), the first, and only wife of king Philip III of Spain, being awarded the title of Marquess of Guadalcázar, in 1609.

Viceroy of New Spain
Fernández de Córdoba was named viceroy of New Spain by King Philip III of Spain, for whom he had served as lord of the bedchamber. Early in his mandate in New Spain, he sent Captain Diego Martínez de Hurdaide to suppress an uprising of the Tehuecos, an ethnic subgroup of the Cahuitas of Sinaloa. Martínez de Hurdáiz was successful after fighting several battles. The viceroy also founded many cities, including Lerma (1613), Córdoba (1618), and Guadalcázar (1620).

The Mexican Córdoba, in what is now Veracruz State, was founded in part to help suppress marauding bands of escaped black slaves that preyed on travelers between Veracruz and Mexico City. He also completed the Fort of San Diego in Acapulco, overlooking the Pacific Ocean.

In 1616, the drainage system for the Valley of Mexico, long under construction but suspended since 1614, was restarted. King Philip III had chosen the Dutch hydrographer Adrian Boot to investigate the drainage project and take charge of operations. Boot had been in charge of numerous drainage projects in France. He traveled to Mexico City (at a salary of 100 ducats a month) and reviewed the work already done. His opinion was that it would not serve to drain the lakes, but that it could be used to divert the Cuautitlán river, the major cause of the nearly annual floods. Engineer Enrico Martínez offered to complete the diversion with 300 men and 100,000 pesos, but work was delayed pending approval of the king.

On November 16, 1616, another, particularly bloody, Indian insurrection broke out, this time among the Tepehuanes and neighboring tribes in the north. It was led by a cacique claiming to be the Son of the Sun and God of Heaven and Earth. The rebels quickly killed some Jesuit missionaries and 200 Spaniards and mestizos of various ages and both sexes. The governor of Durango, with aid sent by the viceroy, raised a militia. After three months of intense fighting, the rebels were largely defeated.

Also in 1616, a drought led to crop failure and famine in New Spain. In 1620 a fire destroyed a large part of Veracruz.

Fernández also improved the sanitation and water supply of Mexico City, completing the aqueduct from Chapultepec in 1620. This aqueduct consisted of 900 arches. He established a tribunal to regulate the buying, selling and taxing of mercury metal used in gold and silver metallurgy, which the mines of New Spain had begun to produce in some quantity at Huancavelica. Due to his various improvements, he received the nickname el Buen Virrey (The Good Viceroy).

Viceroy of Peru
In Peru, Fernández de Córdoba reformed the fiscal system and stopped the inter-family rivalry that was bloodying the domain, mainly in the fabulous silver city of Potosí, between vicuñas and vascongados. In 1624 he fortified Lima against pirate attacks, including those by Jacques l'Hermite, a Flemish merchant, explorer and admiral known for his journey around the globe with the Nassau Fleet (1623–1626) and for his blockade and raid on Callao in 1624 during that same voyage in which he also died.

In 1629, Viceroy Diego Fernández de Córdoba gave up his charge and returned to Spain, where he died the following year, at Guadalcázar, aged 52.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text: User talk:156.35.192.4

title: User talk:156.35.192.4


text:
Forlivese school of art

The Forlivese school of art was a group of Italian Renaissance painters and other artists. Most were born in Forlì or near it in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. Some other artists went to Forlì to study.

As a Renaissance art movement, it lasted from the 14th through the 16th centuries.

Artists
Forlivese artists include:

 * Livio Agresti
 * Ansuino da Forlì
 * Antonio Belloni
 * Baldassarre Carrari il Giovane
 * Baldassarre Carrari il Vecchio
 * Antonio Fanzaresi
 * Giuseppe Maria Galleppini
 * Guglielmo da Forlì
 * Melozzo da Forlì
 * Livio Modigliani
 * Giovanni Antonio Nessoli
 * Francesco Menzocchi
 * Guglielmo degli Organi
 * Marco Palmezzano
 * Filippo Pasquali

title: Forlivese school of art


text:
The Best of Morrissey

The Best of Morrissey is a 2001 compilation album by Morrissey.

Track listing

 * 1) "The More You Ignore Me, the Closer I Get" – 3:43
 * 2) "Suedehead" – 3:54
 * 3) "Everyday Is Like Sunday" – 3:32
 * 4) "Glamorous Glue" – 4:08
 * 5) "Do Your Best and Don't Worry" – 4:07
 * 6) "November Spawned a Monster" – 5:23
 * 7) "The Last of the Famous International Playboys" – 3:39
 * 8) "Sing Your Life" – 3:26
 * 9) "Hairdresser on Fire" – 3:50
 * 10) "Interesting Drug" – 3:27
 * 11) "We Hate It When Our Friends Become Successful" – 2:30
 * 12) "Certain People I Know" – 3:11
 * 13) "Now My Heart Is Full" – 4:08
 * 14) "I Know It's Gonna Happen Someday" – 4:22
 * 15) "Sunny" – 2:41
 * 16) "Alma Matters" – 4:48
 * 17) "Hold on to Your Friends" – 4:04
 * 18) "Sister I'm a Poet" – 2:25
 * 19) "Disappointed" – 3:05
 * 20) "Tomorrow" (radio remix) – 3:54
 * 21) "Lost" – 3:54

title: The Best of Morrissey


text:
User talk:Homosimpson

Please stop. If you continue to vandalize pages, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia. Demiurge 10:47, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Homosimpson


text:
Talk:King Charles Spaniel

Vulnerable Native Breed
This breed is classed in Britain as a VNB - a breed which originated in the UK but now has registration numbers with the Kennel Club of less then 300 puppies per year.

I'm a Canadian teenager on a gap year before Uni and I'm really interested in this. Would anyone like a VNB paragraph/link on this page? I can write it, but am ignorant about formatting etc. Plus, I'm trying to put together a whole collection on all 29 breeds on this list, including history and so on, using Wikipedia as one of my many sources. If you can help, or are interested at all, please contact me either on my talk page or at green_ied_dragon@hotmail.com

--The Wizard of Magicland 19:32, 10 September 2006 (UTC)

Cavalier
I believe the Cavalier and the King Charles to have been entirely separate attempts to breed dogs like the (extinct) breed depicted in Tudor and Stewart portraits - neither is descended from the other. -- Ian Dalziel 22:02, 3 April 2006 (UTC)

Gap in the history
The article has no history on the breed between 1760 (say 1785 if we go from Charles II death) and 1829 (or perhaps 1800 if the mid-19th C writers are discussing historical developments. That leaves at least a hundred years gap in the history.  Yomangani talk 10:50, 29 July 2011 (UTC)
 * Just done a quick search and one of my favoured period writers has a book which may lend some insights. Stonehedge's Manual of British Rural Sports at the internet archive here talks about the comforter remaining in favour during the reign of James II. Also found out that there is a painting by Van Dyke of James II's consort Mary which features a toy spaniel with a white coat and brown spots. Will work this weekend to fill that gap in the history. Miyagawa   (talk)  12:00, 29 July 2011 (UTC)
 * You've narrowed it down a bit (up to 1715), though with the implication that they fell out of favour with the end of the Stuarts. Have you checked any of the other 19th century writers apart from Stonehenge for details on the 18th century history? Yomangani talk 10:43, 3 August 2011 (UTC)
 * Have gone through quite a lot more 19th century writers and found some details comparing the English Toy Spaniel breeds with the Continental Toy Spaniel in 1836. Other than that, I haven't been able to find anything notable occurring to the breed specifically in that period. Miyagawa   (talk)  22:17, 4 August 2011 (UTC)
 * It's 1700-1800 that you need to cover. Admittedly there's not much written down out there; development of the breed seems to stop until the Duke of Malborough got interested. There are enough references to toys and King Charles in art and literature to prove that they remained popular though: Jonathan Swift's satire of Ambrose Philips, On Rover: A Lady's Spaniel from the 1720s; various works of Hogarth's depicting spaniels in different strata of society: Before and After c. 1731, The Rake Arrested from A Rake's Progress 1734, Woode Rogers and Family 1729, The Jones Family c.1730, Portrait of Sir Andrew Fountaine with Other Men and Women c. 1730-5 (also featuring a pug), The Distrest Poet 1740, The Mackinen Children, c.1742; Gainsborough's portrait of Queen Charlotte 1781; George Romney's Lady Hamilton as Nature 1782; George Stubbs' King Charles Spaniel 1780? and this from 1791. From outside the UK you have Jean François de Troy's Declaration of Love from 1724 and Jean-Baptiste Huet's Le Petit Favori from 1778.
 * A few more snippets that might also be useful:   from 1800  Yomangani talk 13:05, 5 August 2011 (UTC)
 * Also there's this caricature on women's fashion from 1777.  Yomangani talk 13:34, 5 August 2011 (UTC)
 * Sorry, had a really busy week. I'll have a look over those links in the next couple of days and add the appropriate information. Miyagawa   (talk)  07:27, 14 August 2011 (UTC)
 * Ok, I've now added an additional paragraph regarding this century and added an image. I've used those sources you provided, and found an additional one of my own. Miyagawa  (talk)  19:40, 21 August 2011 (UTC)

Picture Question
The picture headed "King Charles Spaniel with Blenheim markings" looks like it is actually a Cavalier to me. What do we think? AndrewJFulker (talk) 10:18, 17 February 2012 (UTC)
 * I thought that too. Ian Dalziel (talk) 10:31, 17 February 2012 (UTC)
 * I've removed it. It was a Cavalier King Charles Spaniel for sure - there's no way a King Charles Spaniel has a nose like that. Miyagawa   (talk)  13:02, 17 February 2012 (UTC)

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text:
Hidcote Manor Garden

Hidcote Manor Garden is a garden in the United Kingdom, located at the village of Hidcote Bartrim, near Chipping Campden, Gloucestershire. It is one of the best-known and most influential Arts and Crafts gardens in Britain, with its linked "garden rooms" of hedges, rare trees, shrubs and herbaceous borders. Created by Lawrence Johnston, it is owned by the National Trust and is open to the public.

History
The Americans, Lawrence Johnston and his mother, settled in Britain about 1900, and Lawrence immediately became a British citizen and fought in the British army during the Boer war. In 1907 Johnston's mother, Mrs Gertrude Winthrop (she had re-married), purchased the Hidcote Manor Estate. It was situated in a part of Britain with strong connections to the then-burgeoning Arts and Crafts movement and an Anglicized American artistic expatriate community centred nearby at Broadway, Worcestershire.

Johnston soon became interested in turning the fields around the house into a garden. In 1907 he began to lay out the key features of the garden. There are no records to show how many gardeners were employed, but they were directly managed by Lawrence. It was only in 1922, when the garden was essentially complete, that Frank Adams arrived at Hidcote from Windsor Castle to act as head gardener.

The garden became a strong influence on the designer Phyllis Reiss who lived nearby in Dowdeswell Manor. She and her husband bought Tintinhull Garden in Somerset in 1933 so that they could have their own gardens based on the Hidcote Manor style.

After World War II Johnston spent most of his time at Jardin Serre de la Madone, his garden in the south of France; and in 1947 he entrusted Hidcote to the National Trust.

The style of the garden has been widely imitated. In 2007 a temporary garden designed by Chris Beardshaw that drew inspiration from Johnson's Hidcote was constructed at the Chelsea Flower Show in London.

Character of Hidcote garden
Lawrence Johnston was influenced in creating his garden at Hidcote by the work of Alfred Parsons and Gertrude Jekyll, who were designing gardens of hardy plants contained within sequences of outdoor "garden rooms". The theme was in the air: Vita Sackville-West and Harold Nicolson's Sissinghurst Castle Garden was laid out as a sequence of such spaces, without, it seems, direct connection with the reclusive and shy Major Johnston. Hidcote's outdoor "rooms" have various characters and themes, achieved by the use of box hedges, hornbeam and yew, and stone walls. These rooms, such as the 'White Garden' and 'Fuchsia Garden' are linked, some by vistas, and furnished with topiaries. Some have ponds and fountains, and all are planted with flowers in bedding schemes. They surround the 17th century manor house, and there are a number of outhouses and a kitchen garden.

Johnston's care in selecting the best plants is reflected in the narrow-leaved lavender, Lavandula angustifolia 'Hidcote', in the Penstemon 'Hidcote Pink' and in the hybrid Hypericum 'Hidcote Gold', acclaimed as the finest hardy St John's Wort, Alice Coats records.

title: Hidcote Manor Garden


text:
Bronisław Komorowski

Bronisław Maria Komorowski (born 4 June 1952) is a Polish politician and historian who served as President of Poland from 2010 to 2015.

Komorowski served as Minister of Defence from 2000 to 2001. As Marshal of the Sejm, Komorowski exercised the powers and duties of head of state following the death of President Lech Kaczyński in a plane crash on 10 April 2010. Komorowski was then the governing Civic Platform party's candidate in the resulting presidential election, which he won in the second round of voting on 4 July 2010. He was sworn in as president on 6 August 2010. Komorowski thus became the second person to serve on two occasions as Polish head of state since 1918, after Maciej Rataj. On 25 May 2015, Komorowski conceded the presidency of Poland to the rival candidate Andrzej Duda, after the latter won the second round of the 2015 presidential election.

Early life and education
Bronisław Maria Komorowski was born in Oborniki Śląskie. Born as a son of Zygmunt Leon Komorowski (1927–1992), professor of African Studies at the University of Warsaw and Jadwiga Komorowska (née Szalkowska) (b. 1921).

From 1957 to 1959 he lived in Józefów near Otwock. From 1959 to 1966 he also attended elementary school in Pruszków. In 1966 he transferred to Warsaw and graduated from Cyprian Kamil Norwid High School no. 24. For many years he was affiliated with the Scout Movement. During his studies he was a Scout instructor in 208 WDHiZ "Parasol" Battalion in Mokotów. He met his future wife through Scouting.

In 1977 he finished his studies in history at the University of Warsaw. From 1977 to 1980 he was an editor at the journal Słowo Powszechne.

Dissident activity
In the Polish People's Republic, Komorowski took part in the democratic movement as an underground publisher and co-operated with Antoni Macierewicz on the monthly Głos (1977–1981).

In 1980, he was sentenced along with activists of the Movement for Defense of Human and Civic Rights to one month in prison for organizing a demonstration on 11 November 1979 (the judge who presided the trial was Andrzej Kryże).

From 1980 to 1981, he worked in the Centre of Social Investigation of NSZZ "Solidarity". On 27 September 1981, he was one of the signatories of the founding declaration of the Clubs in the Service of Independence. He was interned while Poland was under martial law. From 1981 to 1989, he taught at the Lower Seminary in Niepokalanów.

Third Republic
From 1989 to 1990, he was the manager minister Aleksander Hall's office, and from 1990 to 1993, the civil vice minister of national defence in the governments of Tadeusz Mazowiecki, Jan Krzysztof Bielecki and Hanna Suchocka. In the early 1990s he was involved with the Democratic Union and Freedom Union. From 1993 to 1995, he was the general secretary of these parties.

As a candidate of the Democratic Union he was elected to parliament in 1991 and in 1993. In 1997, during the 2nd Sejm, together with a group of Warsaw University activists under the management of Jan Rokita he created Koło Konserwatywno-Ludowe. In the same year Koło Konserwatywno-Ludowe joined the newly created Conservative People's Party (SKL), which joined Solidarity Electoral Action (AWS).

In September 1997 Komorowski was elected as a candidate of AWS. From 1997 to 2000 he presided over the Parliamentary National Defence Committee, and from 2000 to 2001 served as the minister of national defence in the government of Jerzy Buzek. In 2001, while still a minister in the minority AWS government, Komorowski, along with some activists from SKL, became a member of Civic Platform (PO). He stood for election to the 4th Sejm as a candidate of PO. Again he was elected, this time for the Warsaw constituency.

After the inauguration of the new parliament he resigned from SKL. Since 2001 he has been a member of the National Civic Platform Board. In the 4th Sejm he was the deputy chairman of the Parliamentary National Defence Committee and a member of the Parliamentary Committee on Foreign Affairs.

He won election to the 5th Sejm in a district outside Warsaw. On 26 October 2005, he was elected Vice Speaker of the Sejm. 398 MPs voted in favour of his candidacy. His party had earlier recommended him as a candidate for Speaker. His candidacy, in defiance of precedent, was rejected by Law and Justice (PiS) which voted for Marek Jurek. This created an unfavourable climate further discussions regarding a PO-PiS coalition.

After the resignation of Marek Jurek as Speaker of the Sejm on 25 April 2007 Civic Platform announced Komorowski's candidacy for Speaker. On 27 April 2007 the Sejm rejected his nomination, and Ludwik Dorn from PiS became a new marshal. 189 MPs voted for Komorowski. Komorowski became Deputy Marshal.

Komorowski took first place on the PO list for the Warsaw constituency in the 2007 parliamentary election and received 139,320 votes.

Marshal of the Sejm
On 5 November 2007, in the first session of the 6th Sejm of the Polish Republic Bronisław Komorowski was elected Speaker by 292 votes. He stood against Krzysztof Putra from PiS who received 160 votes. Stefan Niesiołowski, Krzysztof Putra, Jarosław Kalinowski, Jerzy Szmajdziński were elected Vice Speakers.

On 27 March 2010, he was chosen by PO members to be their candidate in 2010 presidential election.

Acting President
Komorowski became acting president on 10 April 2010 following the death of President Lech Kaczyński. His first decision was to announce seven days of national mourning beginning on 10 April.

According to the Constitution of Poland, Komorowski was required to set a date for the next presidential election within 14 days of assuming the position, the election date coming within 60 days of that announcement. On 21 April, his office announced that the election would be held on 20 June.

In the election, he got 41.54% of votes in the first round and then faced Jarosław Kaczyński, who got 36.46% of votes in the first round. In the runoff Komorowski was elected president (8 933 887 valid votes, 53,01%) and formally took office on 6 August 2010.

Presidency

Following the death of Władysław Stasiak, the chief of the Chancellery of the President of the Republic of Poland, Komorowski appointed Jacek Michałowski to succeed him on an acting basis. A high number of vacancies following the Smolensk crash necessitated numerous other appointments. On 12 April, he appointed retired General Stanisław Koziej head of the National Security Bureau in place of the late Aleksander Szczygło.

On 29 April 2010, Komorowski signed into law a parliamentary act that reformed the Institute of National Remembrance.

On 27 May 2010, Komorowski nominated Marek Belka, former Finance Minister and Prime Minister (2004–2005) of a then-leftist government, to be the president of the National Bank of Poland in place of the late Sławomir Skrzypek.

Following his election, Komorowski announced that he would resign from the Sejm on 8 July 2010, and thus cease to be a marshal and an acting president (his successor as an acting president was the next marshal of the Sejm Grzegorz Schetyna, who held the position for about a month before Komorowski's formal inauguration). Komorowski currently resides and works in the Belweder Palace instead of the Presidential Palace.

On 25 May 2015, following his defeat in the second round of the 2015 presidential election, Komorowski conceded the presidency to rival Andrzej Duda, after the latter won a 51.5% majority. His term ended on 6 August 2015, when Duda was sworn in as a new president.

Attitude towards Ukraine
On 22 February 2015 he supported the idea of the President of Ukraine Petro Poroshenko to introduce a UN peacekeeping mission in Donbass.

On 9 April, during a visit to Kyiv, he spoke from the rostrum of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. During his speech, he stated: "There will be no stable, secure Europe if Ukraine does not become part of it, and only the blind can not see the presence of Russian troops in the Donbas." Politicians in Ukraine and Poland called the speech historic.

On 2 July he visited Lviv, where he received an honorary doctorate from Lviv University. During a joint press conference with Poroshenko, he stated that he would create his own institute to deal with Polish-Ukrainian relations.

Personal life
Komorowski has been married to Anna Dembowska (born 1954) since 1977. The couple has five children namely Zofia Aleksandra (born 1979), Tadeusz Jan (born 1981), Maria Anna (born 1983), Piotr Zygmunt (born 1985) and Elżbieta Jadwiga (born 1987).

National honours

 * 🇵🇱 Poland:
 * Knight of the Order of the White Eagle (ex officio)
 * Grand Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta (ex officio)

Foreign honours

 * 🇭🇷 Croatia: Recipient of the Grand Order of King Tomislav (8 May 2013)
 * 🇪🇪 Estonia: Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (14 March 2014)
 * 🇫🇷 France: Grand Cross of the National Order of the Legion of Honour (16 November 2012)
 * 🇬🇷 Greece: Grand Cross of the Order of the Redeemer (8 July 2013)
 * 🇮🇹 Italy: Knight Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic (10 June 2012)
 * 🇱🇻 Latvia: Commander Grand Cross with Chain of the Order of the Three Stars (23 November 2012)
 * 🇲🇹 Malta: Honorary Companion of Honour of the National Order of Merit (2009)
 * 🇲🇨 Monaco: Knight Grand Officer of the Order of Saint Charles (October 2012)
 * 🇳🇱 Netherlands: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Netherlands Lion (24 June 2014)
 * North Macedonia: Recipient of the Order 8-September (September 2013)
 * 🇳🇴 Norway: Grand Cross of the Order of St. Olav (9 May 2012)
 * 🇵🇹 Portugal: Grand Collar of the Order of Prince Henry (19 April 2012)
 * 🇸🇰 Slovakia: Grand Cross of the Order of the White Double Cross (20 May 2014)
 * 🇸🇪 Sweden: Knight of the Royal Order of the Seraphim (4 May 2011)
 * 🇺🇦 Ukraine: Member 1st Class of the Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise (2008)

Distinctions

 * 🇱🇹 Lithuania:
 * Doctor honoris causa of the Mykolas Romeris University in Vilnius, Lithuania (14 January 2008)
 * Doctor honoris causa of the Vytautas Magnus University in Kaunas, Lithuania (June 2015)

title: Bronisław Komorowski


text:
Hipsway

Hipsway are a Scottish pop/new wave band.

History and description
The band was formed in Glasgow in 1984 by ex-Altered Images guitarist Johnny McElhone on bass, and featuring Grahame Skinner (vocals), Pim Jones (guitar) and Harry Travers (drums). Skinner and Travers had been members of the band Kites with Paul McGrath and Ian McGreevy before Hipsway formed. Their music was characterized by Skinner's deep vocals and Jones' rhythmic guitar style. They were quickly signed up by Mercury Records and by 1985 had released their first, eponymously titled album. The album was a moderate success on the UK Albums Chart; while the single "The Honeythief", made number 17 on the UK Singles Chart, and also reached the top 20 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart. Another song from the album, "Tinder", became well known in Scotland as the soundtrack to a McEwan's Lager commercial.

However the band failed to build on its success; McElhone founded Texas, and by the time the second album Scratch the Surface was recorded, Travers had also left (to be replaced by Stephen Ferrera). Released in 1989, the album was not as critically or commercially successful as its predecessor, and the band split up shortly afterwards.

Skinner and Jones subsequently went on to found the band Witness, releasing the album House Called Love (A&M), before Skinner joined former members of Glasgow peers Love and Money in the band, Cowboy Mouth. Pim Jones later formed Big Yoga Muffin with Ange Dolittle, formerly of Eat, releasing one album, Wherever You Go, There You Are (2000, The Echo Label).

In 2011, Grahame Skinner formed the band Skinner with Douglas MacIntyre (Love & Money, Cowboy Mouth and Sugartown), Gordon Wilson (Love & Money and Cowboy Mouth) and Andy Alston (Del Amitri).

In November 2016, Hipsway reformed, playing at Summerhall, Edinburgh then two dates at Glasgow O2 ABC, in support of the 30th anniversary deluxe reissue of their first album. As a result of the positive reception to the re-issue and the 2016 shows, the band played a limited number of gigs in 2017 and 2018, including sell-out shows at the reopened Glasgow Kelvingrove Bandstand and the Barrowlands Ballroom.

Hipsway's first album for almost 30 years, Smoke & Dreams, was released in late 2018.

Post-reformation touring/recording band members have included Jim McDermott (drums), Gary Houston (bass), Stevie Christie (keyboards), Andy May (keyboards), Andy Gillespie (keyboards), David Robertson (percussion) and Louise Murphy (vocals).

title: Hipsway


text:
Babele

Babele (meaning The old women) is a name for an area on the Bucegi Mountains plateau in Romania, within the Southern Carpathians.

Babele is one of the most popular tourist destinations in the country. The name comes from some mushroom shaped rock formations, the result of erosion and varying hardness of the rock layers.

The Bucegi Sphinx is another rock formation in the same area, named for its sphinx-like appearance.

The Babele chalet is accessible either by cable car from Bușteni or by road. It can also be reached by foot, coming from Bușteni through Valea Jepilor (Juniper Valley), or from the crest of the Bucegi Mountains, coming from the Piatra Arsă (The Burned Rock) chalet.

title: Babele


text:
Battery Point, Tasmania

Battery Point is a suburb of the city of Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. It is immediately south of the central business district. It is in the local government area of City of Hobart.

Battery Point is named after the battery of guns which were established on the point in 1818 as part of the Hobart coastal defences. The battery was situated on the site of today's Princes Park. The guns were used to fire salutes on ceremonial occasions but were never called upon to repel an invasion. The battery was decommissioned after an 1878 review of Hobart's defences found that its location would tend to draw an enemy's fire onto the surrounding residential neighbourhood. The site was subsequently handed over to the Hobart City Council as a place of recreation and amusement. When the Council carried out works to beautify the park in 1934, they discovered tunnels which had served as a magazine for the original battery. In 1973, a green ban was placed by the Builders Labourers Federation to prevent destruction of certain buildings by developers.

The area is generally known as one of the city's more prestigious suburbs, with many large and extravagant homes and apartment blocks. It adjoins the waterfront Salamanca area as well as the nearby prestigious suburb of Sandy Bay. Probably the most significant is Arthur Circus with its cottages, mostly originally constructed for the officers of the garrison.

Battery Point is accessible via Hampden Road, which runs from Sandy Bay Road from the edge of the city. Battery Point residents have been the centre of controversy in recent years, demanding noise restrictions and other measures aimed at safeguarding a sheltered lifestyle.

Population
In the 2016 Census, there were 1,997 people in Battery Point. 65.3% of people were born in Australia and 76.9% of people only spoke English at home. The most common responses for religion were No Religion 47.9% and Anglican 16.1%.

Notable people

 * Queen Mary of Denmark (born 1972), Queen consort of Denmark, who was born in Battery Point at the Queen Alexandra Hospital
 * Francis Butler (1856–1885), cricketer
 * Errol Flynn (1909–1959), Hollywood film actor, who was born in Battery Point at the Queen Alexandra Hospital
 * Andrew Inglis Clark (1848–1907), Tasmanian Supreme Court judge, barrister, engineer, politician and author of the Australian constitution

title: Battery Point, Tasmania


text:
Graticule

Graticule may refer to:

 * An oscilloscope graticule scale
 * The reticle pattern in an optical instrument
 * Graticule (cartography), a grid of lines on a map

title: Graticule


text:
Ngong

Ngong is the name of several places and things related to Africa:
 * Ngong, Kenya, a town in Kenya
 * Roman Catholic Diocese of Ngong, Kenya
 * Ngong Hills, a range of hills in Kenya
 * Ngong (language), spoken in Cameroon
 * Ngong, Cameroon, a commune in Nord region

title: Ngong


text:
Talk:Manuka, Australian Capital Territory

Pronunciation
There was a reference to the pronunciation of the place being different to the pronunciation of the New Zealand tea tree because of how Queen Elizabeth might have pronounced it when she visted Canberra in 1954. By 1954 the place was well established and I do not believe that she would have influenced the pronounciation. Secondly the drawn out "a" (Marnucka)with the emphasis on the first syllable - does not sit well with a British accent. Further there is a strong connection of the British Royal family to NZ including a Queen's Service Order which incorporates a stylised manuka flower - the Queen is likely to have heard the NZ pronunciation more often than that of shopping centre in Canberra, albeit the order was established in 1975. If you want to include the queen with reference to the pronunciation, please cite a source.--AYArktos 10:52, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I indicated the source as anecdotal and I've heard it often enough that there may be a grain of truth to it. Since there is no other explanation I think it is worth including. If someone has contradictory evidence then they can correct it rather than remove the anecdotal explanation. People change their pronunciation of common words when they are used differently by celebrities so I don't think it is that unrealistic. With regards to my pronunciation guide, Americans and others may interpret nuck to be nook whereas I don't think anyone is going to get confused by a long aa sound. Ideally this would be replaced with proper phonic representation but I'm not familiar with that. Garglebutt / (talk) 22:31, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I am a third generation Canberran, and have confirmed with my mother who lived in Canberra from 1950 that the pronunciation predated the Queen's 1954 visit. I have never heard the anecdote to which you refer.  There is not reference to it via an internet search nor in histories I have of Canberra; most notably Lionel Wigmores "The Long View" fails to mention it.  As Wigmore's book is, although authoratitive, fairly anecdotal in tone, I think the anecdote did not have any currency in the early 60s when he was writing. Furthermore, in terms of encyclopaedic style I think the principle should be, if you cannot cite a source leave it out, not, as was proposed, in the absence of any sources to the contrary leave it in.  However, since I have it on verbal advice from a resident of Canberra pre 1954 that the pronunciation did not change in 1954, it should stay out.--AYArktos 23:21, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Oh well that's more evidence than I have! it will remain a mystery for now. Garglebutt / (talk) 00:26, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

In an article in the 3/6/1927 edition of The Canberra Times, the pronunciation is clearly described as having stress on the first syllable, and as if spelled "mah-nuka". This is the currently accepted pronunciation, and anecdotes notwithstanding, there's no reason to think that it has changed between then and now. Although the idea that the Queen made a difference makes a great story! Jlaidman (talk) 03:17, 9 January 2013 (UTC) More on the Canberra pronunciation purportedly being different from the NZ pronunciation:  googling "Manuka honey pronunciation" produced numerous links. I checked out three (Collins dictionary, dictionary.com, newzealandhoneyshop) all of which gave the pronunciation of the NZ tree as having the stress on the first syllable. This seems conclusive, though perhaps it needs a Kiwi contributor to settle it finally. 02:55, 23 March 2013 (UTC)amattum

Pronunciation revisited
A few sources for pronunciation. Are these useful? Should Mānuka honey's pronunciation be changed? Cheers Adakiko (talk) 12:12, 20 November 2022 (UTC)

Competition with Kingston
The article still needs to deal with the planning decision to place Kingston shops, also a major centre so close and the issues arising from that competition.--AYArktos 10:57, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

Capitol theatre
Couldn't find the year that it was destroyed, anyone know? Cfitzart 13:59, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * It was in the late 1970s. I saw the first Star Wars there so it was still around in 1977.  I think it was destroyed 1978.  There was a lot of secrecy about the destruction and I knew someone shortly afterwards who worked for the organisation and described the secrecy around the project as they knew there would be much protest.--AYArktos 23:45, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Ok I've added it as late 70s thanks Cfitzart 06:56, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Agree with 1978 or 1979. I saw Superman there and that may have been the last film screened prior to its redevelopment. The first film to screen in the new cinema was The Empire Strikes Back (1980). However, I don't recall any secrecy - I was fully aware that it was to be demolished. MartinL-585 (talk) 02:30, 14 January 2013 (UTC)

 * This says it was demolished in March 1980.
 * I have fond memories of the old Capitol, too. The 2 redevelopments since (or is it more? I live interstate now) are not a patch on the old Cap.  --   Jack of Oz   [Talk]  07:37, 14 January 2013 (UTC)

Auction of allotments
Currently the article says: "Business allotments for Manuka were included in the first auction of city leases in December 2004." 2004 is obviously supposed to be something else. I'm guessing maybe 1924, although it is possible that it was 1914 and that nothing moved there for 10 years. Can somebody either confirm, or just 'be bold' and edit to 1924. Adz 07:18, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

 * sorry - should have been 1924 - mea culpa - or perhaps I was just checking if anyone read it - maybe not ....--AYArktos 12:11, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

Area/suburb
I put the bit about it being confused as a suburb at the top, seems fairly common to do - found 64 results on google for "suburb of Manuka" - Not sure how to best put the wording. More people interstate would have heard of Manuka than Griffith, so it doesnt seem right to just say that it is located in Griffith? Cfitzart 04:49, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

Miscellaneous facts
I wanted to collect miscellaneous facts here on the talk page before trying to put them in the article. Please feel free to add, correct, suggest how to incorporate ...--AYArktos 01:40, 7 September 2005 (UTC)

The Canberra Times of 6 September 2005 had a here and now section where they stated that the supermarket on the corner of Bouganville Streets and Flinders Way was owned by Rogers. In December 1964, Rogers was negotiating with Woolworths to exchange the Manuka site ofr the Woolworths premises in East Row Civic. In 2003 the site was bought by a local developer (Renato"Reg" Cervo) for $6.7million and work has been underway (extremely slowly) to develop 17 specialist retail shops. The previous owner was Dick Smith.

Manuka Plaza was built on the old carpark and opened in 2000. The carpark had previously been a hockey oval.

Bill O'Brien and before him his father Mick - fishing tackle and barber shop on the lawns - closed because of the high lease costs late 1990s - now a coffee shop. Trophy reference to shop First retail shop conversion to coffee shop was Redpath's shoes on the Lawns to Grandes?

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No mayor position within Manuka government structure
Hi Bart-1011, I'm reverting your addition of the text "The current Mayor of the City of Manuka is John-Paul Romano." for the following reasons: the reference cited is not a reliable, published source; the source does not make any mention of mayors or otherwise; I believe the edit is being made in an autobiographical way; and finally, the claim is false - the Australian Capital Territory Local Government Area does not have Mayors. Your enthusiasm and community-spirit are admirable, but in this case the edit is inappropriate. Please do not re-add this content to the document Tsnoad (talk) 02:05, 28 May 2019 (UTC) I have reverted the addition of the "mayor", as the source being used was a personal website for an individual with apparent political aspirations who has obviously not been elected to the as of now non-existent government position. Is the mayoral position a planned addition in the government structure? Are there future elections planned for a new position that this individual is campaigning for?  Orville1974  (talk) 17:26, 14 June 2019 (UTC)


text:
Sensory processing

Sensory processing is the process that organizes and distinguishes sensation (sensory information) from one's own body and the environment, thus making it possible to use the body effectively within the environment. Specifically, it deals with how the brain processes multiple sensory modality inputs, such as proprioception, vision, auditory system, tactile, olfactory, vestibular system, interoception, and taste into usable functional outputs.

It has been believed for some time that inputs from different sensory organs are processed in different areas in the brain. The communication within and among these specialized areas of the brain is known as functional integration. Newer research has shown that these different regions of the brain may not be solely responsible for only one sensory modality, but could use multiple inputs to perceive what the body senses about its environment. Multisensory integration is necessary for almost every activity that we perform because the combination of multiple sensory inputs is essential for us to comprehend our surroundings.

Overview
It has been believed for some time that inputs from different sensory organs are processed in different areas in the brain, relating to systems neuroscience. Using functional neuroimaging, it can be seen that sensory-specific cortices are activated by different inputs. For example, regions in the occipital cortex are tied to vision and those on the superior temporal gyrus are recipients of auditory inputs. There exist studies suggesting deeper multisensory convergences than those at the sensory-specific cortices, which were listed earlier. This convergence of multiple sensory modalities is known as multisensory integration.

Sensory processing deals with how the brain processes sensory input from multiple sensory modalities. These include the five classic senses of vision (sight), audition (hearing), tactile stimulation (touch), olfaction (smell), and gustation (taste). Other sensory modalities exist, for example the vestibular sense (balance and the sense of movement) and proprioception (the sense of knowing one's position in space) Along with Time (The sense of knowing where one is in time or activities). It is important that the information of these different sensory modalities must be relatable. The sensory inputs themselves are in different electrical signals, and in different contexts. Through sensory processing, the brain can relate all sensory inputs into a coherent percept, upon which our interaction with the environment is ultimately based.

Basic structures involved
The different senses were always thought to be controlled by separate lobes of the brain, called projection areas. The lobes of the brain are the classifications that divide the brain both anatomically and functionally. These lobes are the Frontal lobe, responsible for conscious thought, Parietal lobe, responsible for visuospatial processing, the Occipital lobe, responsible for the sense of sight, and the temporal lobe, responsible for the senses of smell and sound. From the earliest times of neurology, it has been thought that these lobes are solely responsible for their one sensory modality input. However, newer research has shown that that may not entirely be the case. It is worth noting that in the mid-20th century, Gonzalo conducted research that led him to establish cortical functional gradients where functional specificity would be in gradation throughout the cortex.

Problems
Sometimes there can be a problem with the encoding of the sensory information. This disorder is known as Sensory processing disorder (SPD). This disorder can be further classified into three main types. There are several therapies used to treat SPD. Anna Jean Ayres claimed that a child needs a healthy "sensory diet," which is all of the activities that children engage in, that gives them the necessary sensory inputs that they need to get their brain into improving sensory processing.
 * Sensory modulation disorder, in which patients seek sensory stimulation due to an over or under response to sensory stimuli.
 * Sensory based motor disorder. Patients have incorrect processing of motor information that leads to poor motor skills.
 * Sensory processing disorder or sensory discrimination disorder, which is characterized by postural control problems, lack of attentiveness, and disorganization.

History
In the 1930s, Wilder Penfield was conducting a very bizarre operation at the Montreal Neurological Institute. Penfield "pioneered the incorporation of neurophysiological principles in the practice of neurosurgery. Penfield was interested in determining a solution to solve the epileptic seizure problems that his patients were having.   He used an electrode to stimulate different regions of the brain's cortex, and would ask his still conscious patient what he or she felt.  This process led to the publication of his book, The Cerebral Cortex of Man.  The "mapping" of the sensations his patients felt led Penfield to chart out the sensations that were triggered by stimulating different cortical regions. Mrs. H. P. Cantlie was the artist Penfield hired to illustrate his findings.  The result was the conception of the first sensory Homunculus.

The Homonculus is a visual representation of the intensity of sensations derived from different parts of the body. Wilder Penfield and his colleague Herbert Jasper developed the Montreal procedure using an electrode to stimulate different parts of the brain to determine which parts were the cause of the epilepsy. This part could then be surgically removed or altered in order to regain optimal brain performance. While performing these tests, they discovered that the functional maps of the sensory and motor cortices were similar in all patients. Because of their novelty at the time, these Homonculi were hailed as the "E=mc² of Neuroscience".

Current research
There are still no definitive answers to the questions regarding the relationship between functional and structural asymmetries in the brain. There are a number of asymmetries in the human brain including how language is processed mainly in the left hemisphere of the brain. There have been some cases, however, in which individuals have comparable language skills to someone who uses his left hemisphere to process language, yet they mainly use their right or both hemispheres. These cases pose the possibility that function may not follow structure in some cognitive tasks. Current research in the fields of sensory processing and multisensory integration is aiming to hopefully unlock the mysteries behind the concept of brain lateralization.

Research on sensory processing has much to offer towards understanding the function of the brain as a whole. The primary task of multisensory integration is to figure out and sort out the vast quantities of sensory information in the body through multiple sensory modalities. These modalities not only are not independent, but they are also quite complementary. Where one sensory modality may give information on one part of a situation, another modality can pick up other necessary information. Bringing this information together facilitates the better understanding of the physical world around us.

It may seem redundant that we are being provided with multiple sensory inputs about the same object, but that is not necessarily the case. This so-called "redundant" information is in fact verification that what we are experiencing is in fact happening. Perceptions of the world are based on models that we build of the world. Sensory information informs these models, but this information can also confuse the models. Sensory illusions occur when these models do not match up. For example, where our visual system may fool us in one case, our auditory system can bring us back to a ground reality. This prevents sensory misrepresentations, because through the combination of multiple sensory modalities, the model that we create is much more robust and gives a better assessment of the situation. Thinking about it logically, it is far easier to fool one sense than it is to simultaneously fool two or more senses.

Examples
One of the earliest sensations is the olfactory sensation. Evolutionary, gustation and olfaction developed together. This multisensory integration was necessary for early humans in order to ensure that they were receiving proper nutrition from their food, and also to make sure that they were not consuming poisonous materials. There are several other sensory integrations that developed early on in the human evolutionary time line. The integration between vision and audition was necessary for spatial mapping. Integration between vision and tactile sensations developed along with our finer motor skills including better hand-eye coordination. While humans developed into bipedal organisms, balance became exponentially more essential to survival. The multisensory integration between visual inputs, vestibular (balance) inputs, and proprioception inputs played an important role in our development into upright walkers.

Audiovisual system
Perhaps one of the most studied sensory integrations is the relationship between vision and audition. These two senses perceive the same objects in the world in different ways, and by combining the two, they help us understand this information better. Vision dominates our perception of the world around us. This is because visual spatial information is one of the most reliable sensory modalities. Visual stimuli are recorded directly onto the retina, and there are few, if any, external distortions that provide incorrect information to the brain about the true location of an object. Other spatial information is not as reliable as visual spatial information. For example, consider auditory spatial input. The location of an object can sometimes be determined solely on its sound, but the sensory input can easily be modified or altered, thus giving a less reliable spatial representation of the object. Auditory information therefore is not spatially represented unlike visual stimuli. But once one has the spatial mapping from the visual information, multisensory integration helps bring the information from both the visual and auditory stimuli together to make a more robust mapping.

There have been studies done that show that a dynamic neural mechanism exists for matching the auditory and visual inputs from an event that stimulates multiple senses. One example of this that has been observed is how the brain compensates for target distance. When you are speaking with someone or watching something happen, auditory and visual signals are not being processed concurrently, but they are perceived as being simultaneous. This kind of multisensory integration can lead to slight misperceptions in the visual-auditory system in the form of the ventriloquism effect. An example of the ventriloquism effect is when a person on the television appears to have his voice coming from his mouth, rather than the television's speakers. This occurs because of a pre-existing spatial representation within the brain which is programmed to think that voices come from another human's mouth. This then makes it so the visual response to the audio input is spatially misrepresented, and therefore misaligned.

Sensorimotor system
Hand eye coordination is one example of sensory integration. In this case, we require a tight integration of what we visually perceive about an object, and what we tactilely perceive about that same object. If these two senses were not combined within the brain, then one would have less ability to manipulate an object. Eye–hand coordination is the tactile sensation in the context of the visual system. The visual system is very static, in that it does not move around much, but the hands and other parts used in tactile sensory collection can freely move around. This movement of the hands must be included in the mapping of both the tactile and visual sensations, otherwise one would not be able to comprehend where they were moving their hands, and what they were touching and looking at. An example of this happening is looking at an infant. The infant picks up objects and puts them in his mouth, or touches them to his feet or face. All of these actions are culminating to the formation of spatial maps in the brain and the realization that "Hey, that thing that's moving this object is actually a part of me." Seeing the same thing that they are feeling is a major step in the mapping that is required for infants to begin to realize that they can move their arms and interact with an object. This is the earliest and most explicit way of experiencing sensory integration.

Further research
In the future, research on sensory integration will be used to better understand how different sensory modalities are incorporated within the brain to help us perform even the simplest of tasks. For example, we do not currently have the understanding needed to comprehend how neural circuits transform sensory cues into changes in motor activities. More research done on the sensorimotor system can help understand how these movements are controlled. This understanding can potentially be used to learn more about how to make better prosthetics, and eventually help patients who have lost the use of a limb. Also, by learning more about how different sensory inputs can combine can have profound effects on new engineering approaches using robotics. The robot's sensory devices may take in inputs of different modalities, but if we understand multisensory integration better, we might be able to program these robots to convey these data into a useful output to better serve our purposes.

title: Sensory processing


text:
User talk:Aazar

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, you can post to the help desk or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! andy 11:40, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
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The RIGHTS….. And Wrongs (Let us trust each other)

Noon.Meem.Aazur gulmitwala@gmail.com

I have often listened to a politician waving his hand in the air; pointing into the skies, and onto the earth while shouting on the top of his voice. I also remember the roar that would emerge out of the mobs. There would be the favorite slogan “Hamara Leader Kaisa Ho… “ABCD Jaisa Ho” and “Hamara Leader Sher Hay” also “Jeetayga bai Jeetayga”…. “XYZ He Jeetayga”. I am amazed at the way people affiliate slogans with their “leaders”. There are people comparing the “Khaira” of their village to Quaid-e-Azam; the Nathu to Nelson Mandela and Bakhshoo to Chagoveera.

I am not a revolutionary. No. I am not a leftist. Neither am I a conservative. I am also not a part of the mob that I have mentioned in the first paragraph. I don’t chant slogans for others… helping them to rise so high that they start looking down at me!! I mentioned these people because they were able to free their nations from the shackles of slavery. Has Nelson Mandela not struggled the black bashing would have continued for longer periods. I and some of my friends are really fond of talking about politics and international affairs so we kept on talking on this evening of the mid August. No doubt, every body seemed worried about the deteriorating peace situation in that region.

A friend, who had recently arrived from Gilgit, told us that the macabre sectarian revenge killing going on. He said that now that residents have gotten accustomed to that norm of killing and people usually go about their business despite the horrific game being played in the backdrop. They have now learnt, he added, to close their eyes and ears to the killings and rampage going around them. He confirmed that No-Go areas have been demarcated (virtually) in the region. I was not shocked to learn all this. I have realized that sectarianism has slowly crept into our lives and now it controls our brawn and brain. We are the relatively late victims to religious hatred. It was there, I admit but the extent has increased manifolds. History tells us that the Ismaili Hunza, the Shia Nagar, the Sunni Chilas and the Shia (Noor Bukhshia) Baltistan had always been there. But they did not fight as they are doing now. I also agree that there was the least connectivity between the ordinary people but there were the royals who cross married, irrespective of their faith (read Sect).

Then how this sectarianism did become so important for all of us? Yes all of us. Every sect has got scores of extremists who potentially are a threat to the other. Did the ISI do this? Was FIA behind this evil? Or did the “agents of Israel” do this? I would not answer any of these questions. But undoubtedly, I would love to ask you a few questions. How have we responded to the spread of sectarianism? Did we reject it? Have we tried to love the members of our sister communities? Have we preferred, for the sack of peace, our nationality over our sect?

It is the right time to think over these issues. We cannot afford to live with the hatred that consumes faith, and above that, humanity. At one side is the vigorous growth of the world and at the other end are we, with our Jihadi intentions still sparking. We are still eager to give our sword a bath in the blood of the Kafir. The speeding growth of knowledge and intellect might have replaced our Shalwar with a western Pethloon (trouser) but from the core we are still the same; primitive and shackled in hatred. Since the 88 military actions of the Jihadis and their “Amirs”, our region has seen the havoc many times. There have been more agonizing moments. I remember the time when a single bullet shot in the Gilgit Bazzar would be retaliated against thousands of rounds being fired from Nageral and Kashrote. I could never grab the central idea. Was this a show of power, a norm or a tradition? For some those retaliations could have been the show of power but I feel that those were a way to ensure ourselves that we are better killers than the others! That we can kill more than you. That there is more rage inside us than you. I also feel that those retaliations were a way to cover the fear that lies deep down inside our hearts; the fear of being attacked and demolished.

This feeling is not limited to the two places that I have mentioned. Indeed this feeling crept into our societies throughout the northern areas. The weapon-buying mania was just a minor exposition of our fear. We have harshly tired to save ourselves from the unknown in the mean time compiling lots of other social evils. We forgot that the Kalashnikov that hangs somewhere inside our home can be used to settle personal scores, besides safeguarding our homes and lives. We also neglected the fact that our children can use the same weapon to kill themselves or their rivals. We also looked over the fact that with weapon in hand, the head gets ballooned with “heroism”.

Compiling weaponry for any reason is quite disturbing. And I feel that had there been fewer guns in our towns; we would have lived a very peaceful life. There would not have been the self-proclaimed guardians of the “faith” and “honor”. The dacoits would have been very less and there would not have been a mob killing innocents and then burning their cadavers (for the solace of mind and yet “involuntary” as they put it!).

The basic problem remains within us. We have never tried to trust each other. And whenever and have trusted each other we have excelled. But those have been very few and noble events. When we trusted each other, to quote an example, we defeated the Dogras. And at another moment when we trusted each other all of us were there to free the two innocents girls (abducted from a village of Ghizar district), and for receiving them, in Gilgit. And this reminds me of another reception. All of us were there to receive Nazir Sabir, after he had scaled the Mount Everest. And he is listed in a category called “the son of the north” (Farzand-e-Shimal).

Analyzing these situations, and many more, I come to the conclusion that in the case of the fight for liberation, our nationalist sentiments invoked the flare that engulfed the armed-to-teeth, army of the Maharaja. There could have been the religious sentiments but till now no one has tagged that war of freedom to be a Jihad. In the second case, again the daughter of the north had been kidnapped so we remained united and were able to force the usually dead and blind government into freeing them. Again in the case of the reception hosted in the honor of Nazir Sabir, our nationalist sentiments over powered all other affiliations and were there on the street, dancing and showering the hero with flower.

Having said all that let us look at the other side of the picture and I have a firm belief over this side. Human values, humanity, respect for others, sharing the grief and joys of others have been the major preaching of our faith. And the same values hold true for every other nation and religion. The biggest and most effective think that links us is our being human beings. We all love others because we have the same origination. Even, if we don’t have the same origination as some may argue, we the ones most related to each other in our physical and mental features. Let us start trusting each other. Let us count our similarities. Please shun the habit of going for counting differences. Our differences are our strengths and our similarities our signs of belongingness. We are one. The heart of the man sitting on the top of the Karakurum has the same throb as that of the one basking on a beach in Europe. “We created you one and then divided you into clans… so that you are identified…..” is what the most holly of all the books says about this.

Nationalist sentiments are positive if they are properly maneuvered. The government of Pakistan should not have any issues with the nationalistic affinities of the people of the north. By the way, the Quaid was out to create a federation of states, and not a single state! The attachment of the people of north to their nation can be utilized for promoting the much needed harmony in the region. And above all if the intention is to safeguard human lives, no stone has to be left unturned. But this would hold true only if the government is sincere in its efforts to create peace in the region. Otherwise all that I wrote holds true for the people of northern areas, who are always at the receiving end, only.

POV
Please stop adding nonsense to Wikipedia. It is considered vandalism. If you were just trying to experiment, then use the sandbox instead. Thank you. --User:Deepak gupta 02:10, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

It was really harsh of you. I have pointed towards a very cruicial issue that is consuming the love and humane values of more than two million people of northern areas of Pakistan. You have the right to not read this article.

Peace and Love (Aazar 07:05, 3 April 2006 (UTC))

title: User talk:Aazar


text:
Kjellerup Municipality

Kjellerup municipality was a municipality (Danish, kommune) in Aarhus County on the Jutland peninsula in central Denmark. The municipality covered an area of 255 km2, and had a total population of 13,953 (2005). Its last mayor was Hans-Jørgen Hørning, a member of the Venstre (Liberal Party) political party. The main town and the site of its municipal council was the town of Kjellerup.

Kjellerup municipality ceased to exist as the result of Kommunalreformen ("The Municipality Reform" of 2007). It was merged with existing Gjern, Silkeborg and Them, municipalities to form the new Silkeborg municipality. This created a municipality with an area of 857 km2 and a total population of 84,167 (2005). The new municipality belongs to Region Midtjylland ("Mid-Jutland Region").

The capital city was Kjellerup.

title: Kjellerup Municipality