text:
Talk:Water caltrop

Invasiveness information
Water chestnut has become such a nuisance in the US as to be declared a noxious weed in Arizona, Massachusetts, North Carolina and South Carolina, even though it has not been found growing in all of those states yet (AZ, NC, SC). It shares this honor with kudzu, another plant native to Asia. Presently, water chestnut can be found in eastern Canada, Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, New York, Connecticut, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Maryland, with most problematic populations occurring in the Connecticut River valley, Lake Champlain region, Hudson River, Potomac River and the upper Delaware River.

Water chestnut can form dense floating mats, severely limiting light -- a critical element of aquatic ecosystems. This plant can also reduce oxygen levels, which may increase the potential for fish kills. It competes with native vegetation and is of little value to waterfowl. Water chestnut infestations limit boating, fishing, swimming and other recreational activities.

This plant underwent a remarkably short period between introduction into the wild (~1875) and identification as a potential nuisance (1879).David notMD (talk) 13:26, 20 July 2015 (UTC) - Do you mean water chestnut (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleocharis_dulcis) or water caltrops? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2607:FEA8:135F:FAF2:71B1:E2ED:27A5:5C1 (talk) 04:33, 30 September 2018 (UTC)

Old name: Water calthrop ?
I'm not sure I understand your question. Could you expand? Are you asking about the spelling, "caltrop" vs "calthrop"? — Pekinensis 18:09, 13 September 2005 (UTC)

 * i found this name written like above in piekarski- medical parasitology about 1962.
 * old form of the name ?

 * see morew names !:http://www.google.com/search?hl=de&q=%22water+calthrop%22&btnG=Suche&meta=

 * I believe it is only a misspelling of caltrop, but of course I can't be sure. — Pekinensis 14:44, 17 September 2005 (UTC)

Confusion?
The photograph used seems to show Trapa bicornis, not Trapa natans as the legend implies. Would a botanist confirm, please? --Gak
 * I'm not a botanist, but I think I can explain: many botanists consider Trapa bicornis to belong to the same species as Trapa natans(see, for instance). Since Trapa natans was published first, both Trapa natans in the strict sense and Trapa bicornis would be called Trapa natans. Thus the caption is correct if one considers them to be the same species, though one might also refer to it as Trapa natans bicornis (as opposed to Trapa natans natans). Chuck Entz (talk) 04:48, 24 December 2012 (UTC)
 * Which photo are you talking about?--Mr Fink (talk) 04:58, 24 December 2012 (UTC)
 * After taking a closer look, it would appear that the "legend" referred to is actually the type species name in the taxobox for the genus, and there's not really any problem after all. I was just assuming there was a mismatch from the way it was described. It's true, though, what I said about some references considering them to be the same species- but not everyone agrees. It's one of those lumper-vs.-splitter differences in taxonomic philosophy that will never be resolved as long as there are scientists left to carry on the debate. Chuck Entz (talk) 06:21, 24 December 2012 (UTC)

WikiProject Food and drink Tagging
This article talk page was automatically added with WikiProject Food and drink banner as it falls under Category:Food or one of its subcategories. If you find this addition an error, Kindly undo the changes and update the inappropriate categories if needed. The bot was instructed to tagg these articles upon consenus from WikiProject Food and drink. You can find the related request for tagging here. Maximum and carefull attention was done to avoid any wrongly tagging any categories, but mistakes may happen... If you have concerns, please inform on the project talk page -- TinucherianBot (talk) 17:59, 3 July 2008 (UTC)

T. natans in Washington...
Very doubtful - In fact I believe the intention was to mean Washington, DC - not Washington State. Yes it is listed as "Washington" on the Reference Note#4. Note that is a USDA document {Federal Government}.

Haven't really found a "Trapa" reference in Washington State documents. Particularly of note, neither the 2008 and/or 2010 Noxious Weed List of Washington State. Additionally, any reference to "Trapa" is for the 'East Coast'. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.177.89.179 (talk) 10:12, 27 August 2010 (UTC)

Misunderstood Ideas
At the end of the biology section is the following phrase; "(though, the genus went extinct in the last prior to the Pleistocene)." Two points are confusing me and I believe need rework to clarify.

First, "the genus went extinct in the last prior..." age, era?? I am uncertain what is implied here.

Second, "the genus went extinct..." One of the unlisted species may have become extinct, but the section is talking about two living species, therefore the entire genus cannot be extinct.

71.15.80.251 (talk) 12:40, 22 May 2012 (UTC)
 * The phrase was intended to state/imply that water caltrops went extinct in North America prior to the Pleistocene.--Mr Fink (talk) 12:51, 22 May 2012 (UTC)

Why does "saligot" redirect here?
Unused, unexplained. 86.159.197.174 (talk) 19:35, 25 August 2014 (UTC)
 * What's a saligot?--Mr Fink (talk) 19:46, 25 August 2014 (UTC)

Trapa bispinosa
What about Trapa bispinosa ? Wikiombudsman (talk) 15:00, 3 July 2015 (UTC)

Water Chestnut?
Is this article confusing water chestnuts with water caltrops? The two are not related. Is the 'History' section actually about water chestnuts? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2607:FEA8:135F:FAF2:71B1:E2ED:27A5:5C1 (talk) 04:31, 30 September 2018 (UTC)
 * No, and no.--Mr Fink (talk) 04:42, 30 September 2018 (UTC)

Antifungal properties
The edits claiming antifungal properties have three problems. First, they are linking to a promotional website; this is a problem both because it is promotional as well as because it is not a reliable source. Second, the website being used as a source links back to this page -- this is a circular reference. This claim needs to be backed by an independent, reliable source to be included. Paisarepa (talk) 14:06, 1 September 2020 (UTC)
 * And then there's the problem of how the IP is being used to evade the ban put on for spamming and conflict of interest.--Mr Fink (talk) 16:58, 1 September 2020 (UTC)

Article doesn't mention other use mentioned in other wikipedia articles.
Namely, it says that dried seed pods of this can be used as actual caltrops (a kind of weapon that when scattered on the ground can injure people who step on them.) In particular, it mentions these being used in Japan in the article on "makibishi", where it says ones made out of this plant instead of iron are specifically called "tennenbishi". Thus presumable that is how this plant has the same name as those weapons.--108.86.123.80 (talk) 09:00, 24 July 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Water caltrop


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Hidrogenesse

Hidrogenesse is a Catalan pop band whose members are Carlos Ballesteros (singer) and Genís Segarra (synthesizers, also of Astrud).

Influences
HIDROGENESSE is an electronic duo formed by Carlos Ballesteros and Genís Segarra in Barcelona in the late 1990s as a conceptual pop act. From their early steps since today they have done synth-pop, ceremony ballads, kraut- and glitter rock, 90's dance-music, french musique and fake rock’n'roll.

According to them, their most significant influences are Sparks, Kraftwerk, Deee-Lite, The Associates (the Mac in Eres PC eres Mac stands for their lead singer, Billy Mackenzie), The Smiths and Morrissey, The Magnetic Fields, Saint Etienne, Pet Shop Boys and British eccentrics like Lawrence, Jarvis Cocker and Luke Haines. They are also influenced by 70's music like German bands La Düsseldorf, Neu! and Harmonia and UK glam acts as Gary Glitter and The Glitter Band.

1996-2002
Although they have been together since 1996, they didn't release anything until Lujo y Miseria compilation in 1998. In year 2000, they released their first single "Así se baila el siglo XX", a smart, cynical approach to the new millennium through the inventions of the 20th century.

What came next, in 2001, was Eres PC, eres Mac, another EP that shares with the previous one their weird sense of humour. It contains a cover of "Technical (you're so)", by The Magnetic Fields, band they are devoted to.

One year later, their first album, Gimnàstica passiva, was released. It consists of ten songs where they quote Spanish poet Luis de Góngora ("Góngora"), state their worship towards the Cobain family ("Kurt, Courtney, Frances Bean and me") or remember "1987", where their beloved Smiths and Andy Warhol ceased existing, and started new exciting things as samplers and club culture. 1987 is also an album by The KLF.

A five-year break followed, when they wrote and planned a new album.

2007-2011
In 2007 they released their second album, Animalitos, recorded with drummer Alfonso Melero from Spanish band Hello Cuca. It features glam rock beats, fuzz guitars, analog synthesizers and saxophones riffs. Twelve songs about pets, wild beasts and social animals, including "Disfraz de tigre" and "Caballos y ponis". Seventies production, sing-along tunes and some krautrock inspired mantras.

The release of the new album Animalitos was followed by a Spanish tour. In 2008 they have released another album, Bestiola, influenced by early German electronica and featuring reinterpretations of old songs, covers and instrumental tracks. That release was followed by their first tour in USA and México.

Hidrogenesse versus The Hidden Cameras
In 2010 Hidrogenesse collaborated with Canadian band The Hidden Cameras releasing "Hidrogenesse versus The Hidden Cameras" a minialbum of re-made/re-modelled versions of The Hidden Cameras songs from the album Origin:Orphan.

Art exhibition
In 2010 Hidrogenesse recorded Moix a song based on an excerpt from a travel book of Terenci Moix 'Terenci del Nil' as a part of their participation in the art exhibition 'Genius loci' of Fundació Joan Miró in Barcelona 2011. Hidrogenesse created an installation with funerary statuettes and different found objects as a parody of archeological museums. The whole project is a tribute to Terenci Moix.

Alan Turing Tribute
In May 2012, they released a tribute album to Alan Turing, ''Un dígito binario dudoso. Recital para Alan Turing'' ("A dubious binary digit. Recital for Alan Turing"), a recital that debuted in their opening shows for The Magnetic Fields 2012 Spanish tour.

The album has had great critic and public acclaim, selected "Record of The Year" by Rockdelux magazine and winning The Best Electronic Music Album in the Independent Music Awards. Its eight songs are about Turing's life and work. The first song "El beso" ("The Kiss") says: "this song is a kiss to wake Alan Turing up" and then it goes on about teen tragedies ("Christopher"), computer love ("Love Letters"), contradictions between public and secret affairs ("Enigma"), and ends with a history of the world as told by our computers ("Historia del mundo contada por las computadoras").

Hidrogenesse as producers
Hidrogenesse have remixed songs by La Bien Querida, Javiera Mena, Fangoria, Los Punsetes and others, and have done some production work for their label Austrohúngaro (girl group Feria) and other collaborations (with Spanish act Single). In 2012 Hidrogenesse have produced Vigila el fuego by female riot-folk singer-songwriter Lidia Damunt and Rock'n Roll by Spanish duo Espanto. In 2014 they produced Single's album "Rea", considered "Best Album of the Year" by magazine Rockdelux.

Remixes

 * Algora, 'Poesía anti-vértigo'
 * La Bien Querida, '9.6 French hot-dog remix' and '9.6 Rendevouz Americain'
 * Fangoria (band), 'Lo poquito agrada y lo mucho enfada (versión Vedette por Hidrogenesse)'
 * Los Punsetes, 'Mono y galgo'
 * Espanto, 'El última día de las vaciones'
 * Javiera Mena, 'Luz de piedra de luna'

Discography

 * "Así se baila el siglo XX", CD-Single (2000)
 * Eres PC, eres Mac, EP (2001)
 * Gimnàstica passiva, CD-Album (2002)
 * Animalitos, CD-Album (2007)
 * Bestiola, CD-Album (2008)
 * Hidrogenesse versus The Hidden Cameras, CD Mini-Album and 12" Vinyl (2010)
 * Single: Vamos a casarnos/Hidrogenesse: Llévame a dormir, Split 7" Vinyl Golden Greats #1 (2011)
 * Un Dígito binario dudoso. Recital para Alan Turing, CD-Album (2012)
 * El artista, 3 songs 7" Vinyl (ValeVergas, México 2013)
 * Hidroboy, 7" Flexi-disc (Austrohúngaro, 2013)
 * Roma, CD/LP Album (Austrohúngaro, 2015)
 * Most, CD Compilation (Austrohúngaro/Laptra, 2015)
 * No hay nada más triste que lo tuyo, 7" single (Austrohúngaro, 2016) OST "Distancias Cortas"

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Hidrogenesse


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Kiarostami (surname)

Kiarostami is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 * Abbas Kiarostami (1940–2016), Iranian film director, screenwriter, poet, photographer, and film producer
 * Bahman Kiarostami (born 1978), Iranian film director, cinematographer, film editor, and film producer, son of Abbas Kiarostami

title: Kiarostami (surname)


text: Category:Japanese swords

title: Category:Japanese swords


text:
Kennebecasis Valley High School

Kennebecasis Valley High School (KVHS) is a public secondary school located in Quispamsis, New Brunswick, Canada. Established in 1975, it is part of the Anglophone South School District, serving students from grades 9-12. The current principal is Meagan Humphries.

With a student enrolment of 1,104 during the 2022-2033 school year, Kennebecasis Valley High School is the largest high school in Kings County. Additionally, it is one of six high schools that provides a location for The Work Room, an Anglophone South career consultation and resource centre. The school’s theatre is used outside of school purposes by the KV Players, a community-run performing arts theatre.

Development
The idea for Kennebecasis Valley High School was originated in the early 1970’s by the Board of School Trustees of School District 19, when in October 1972 they announced their plans for the construction of a new senior high school in the village of Quispamsis. The foundation work for the school was scheduled to start before the end of November, extending throughout the winter months, with the remainder of its first phase of construction to be contracted after its completion. The building’s architects, Mott, Myles & Chatwin, estimated that the first phase would take 18 months to finish.

The building was designed to have approximately 32 classrooms, accommodating an expected 700-800 students. The first stage of the building’s area of 130000 sqft also featured an administration area, guidance and health services, a library and a central core serving as a student meeting place and a lobby for a 500-seat theatre. Other amenities within the first phase also included a kitchen facility along with a 400-seat cafeteria, an adjacent area containing spaces for student government, several laboratories for physics, chemistry and biology instruction, as well as dedicated facilities for art and music programs.

The second phase, which the board had envisioned to commence immediately after the completion of the first phase, was to include a large gymnasium along with other sports and physical education facilities, an industrial shop as well as facilities for home economics and business education. Two major sports fields were also planned, with one designated for football and the other intended for soccer and various sporting events.

Despite being built in Quispamsis, the school was designated to serve students from the nearby communities of Rothesay, Kingston, and Hampton as well. A plan was put in place for the school’s name to be chosen in the spring by junior and senior high school students from the district.

Development planning for the new school was initiated to address overcrowded schools as well as to offer home economics and industrial shop programs that were previously only available in Saint John schools. In April 1974, this first phase of KVHS had an estimated completion date set for August 1975, accommodating a capacity of approximately 1,000 to 1,200 students.

In March 1973, foundation work for the new school was still underway, and it was expected by later that month that specifications for the general construction contract would be ready for tender call. In late 1973, following a several-week long postponement, the Goodyear Paving Company was granted a contract worth $4,861,911 for the first phase of the school's construction. However, in early 1974, the construction progress faced further setbacks due to a shortage of steel, delaying the project for several months. At this point, the total cost of the school's construction was set at $5,166,911.

In May 1974, a year before the school officially opened, William J. Bishop, who at the time served as principal of Simonds High School for the last eight years, was announced as principal of the new high school.

Later history
Between January 21–22, 1979, English acting partners Eric Sykes and Hattie Jacques visited KVHS to present A Hatful of Sykes.

Beginning in 2004, many KVHS students participate in a free lunch program provided by a nearby Baptist Church. Every Wednesday, church volunteers serve students hundreds’ of boxes worth of Kraft Dinner, along with hundreds of drinks, rolls, and popcorn bags. With 53 students attending the first lunch program, it now serves hundreds of KVHS students, with even some students from Rothesay High School attending.

Kennebecasis Valley High School was part of the former New Brunswick School District 06 until 2012, when it was merged with school subdistricts 8 and 10 to form the super district of Anglophone South School District (ASD-S).

Mascot change
On March 4, 2022, Kennebecasis Valley High School announced its decision to replace their longstanding mascot “Ken the Crusader” with "Knickie the Blue Knight," marking a transition following nearly 50 years. The change, which had been under consultation by school officials for the last two years beforehand, was implemented with the aim to embrace a more inclusive figure to represent the school. The change was met with outrage by far-right political commentary network Rebel News, who suggested the change resulted from either a Muslim student or parent being "upset over the Crusaders moniker," or from "some atheist progressives" who were "upset on the behalf of Muslim students and parents".

Enrollment
As of the 2022-23 school year, KVHS had 1,104 students, with a teacher faculty count of 71. In the past, prior to the openings of Hampton High School in 1992 and Rothesay High School in 1998, KVHS enrolled over 1,900 students. In its opening year of 1975, the school, also referred to at the time as Kennebecasis Valley Senior High School, enrolled grades 10–12. On its first year, it enrolled over 700 students.

Rip Seely Challenge
Since 1999, Kennebecasis Valley High School's boys' and girls' basketball teams have participated in an annual Rip Seely Challenge basketball tournament against their rival school, Rothesay High School. The event has traditionally taken place every November, with the exception of 2020 and 2021, which were both cancelled as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Academic achievements
Kennebecasis Valley High School has found success in the annual Reach for the Top tournaments, where they often win the provincial championships. In 2024, the school has lost their streak of winning 10 provincial championships in a row, as well as a total of 17 provincial wins out of the last 19 seasons. In the national championships, KVHS has placed first three times in 2010, 2011, and 2016, and has made it to the top five 13 times. Additionally, the school has achieved national champions on CBC's SmartAsk trivia competition in 2002 as well as placed second in 2003.

Artistic achievements
KVHS is known in New Brunswick for their success at the New Brunswick Drama festival every year. The theatre program was started by the original principal William Bishop. Suzanne Doyle-Yerxa then ran the theatre program at the school from 1977 to 2010 before her retirement in June 2010. That year, a scholarship was commemorated under her name: The Suzanne Doyle-Yerxa award. It is awarded to a student who plans to pursue the performing arts or creative arts as a post secondary study. KVHS has also received attention for its strong visual arts and music programs.

Theatrical productions

Kennebecasis Valley High School started working on theatrical productions in 1975, the same year the school first opened. Its drama club was created and organized in October 1975, with its first production, Thornton Wilder's Our Town, which would only be played to staff and students, scheduled for early November. However, the play was later delayed and rescheduled for "some time in January", the following year. Additionally, there were plans underway for the school's first musical production, The King and I, which, following an assembly announcement in January 1976, attracted nearly 200 student volunteers, to be presented "some time in April or May". In January 1976, the production date was scheduled for "sometime in March". The musical, which ended up casting about 60 people, was presented through May 12–15, 1976, at the school's theatre.

Musical productions

 * 1979: Godspell
 * 1992: Bye Bye Birdie
 * 1993: Peter Pan
 * 1994: Guys and Dolls
 * 2003: West Side Story
 * 2008: Children of Eden
 * 2010: Beauty and the Beast
 * 2012: The Music Man
 * 2013: Legally Blonde
 * 2014: The Wedding Singer
 * 2015: Grease
 * 2016: Tarzan
 * 2017: Footloose
 * 2018: The Wizard of Oz
 * 2019: Hello, Dolly!
 * 2020: Crazy for You
 * 2022: High School Musical
 * 2023: Mamma Mia!

Dramatic productions

 * 1975-76: Our Town
 * 1976-77: Flowers for Algernon
 * 2007: The Laramie Project
 * 2017: 7 Stories
 * 2019: Night Watch
 * 2022: Almost, Maine

Notable alumni

 * Tricia Black, actor, comedian
 * Randy Jones (ice hockey), former NHL player
 * Rob Moore, Member of Parliament for Fundy Royal
 * Michael Yerxa, filmmaker
 * Cynthia Johnston, basketball player and competitor in the 1996 Summer Olympics
 * Rob Cotterill, film producer and assistant director
 * Sharon Creelman

title: Kennebecasis Valley High School


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Bekkersdal

Bekkersdal is a township situated 7 km east of Westonaria and 14 km south of Randfontein in the Gauteng province. It was established in 1945, to house Africans who worked in town and at the surrounding gold mines. In 1983 the township was granted municipal status. The township was the site of violent protests ahead of the general elections on 7 May 2014.

title: Bekkersdal


text:
Sandi Cenov

Aleksandar "Sandi" Cenov (born 17 July 1968), also known simply as Sandi, is Croatian pop singer who was popular in the 1990s. His first album was released in 1992.

In the 2005 elections for Zagreb City Assembly he was one of the candidates on the list of Tatjana Holjevac.

He is signed with the record label Hayat Production.

In December 2020, Cenov was announced as one of the 14 finalists for Dora 2021, the national contest in Croatia to select the country's Eurovision Song Contest 2021 entry. He performed the song "Kriv" ("Guilty"), which was written by Siniša "Simba" Reljić and Faruk "Fayo" Buljubašić, and finished last with 12 points.

title: Sandi Cenov


text:
Interstate 580

Interstate 580 is or was the designation for several Interstate Highways in the United States, all of which are related to Interstate 80:
 * Interstate 580 (California), a spur connecting the San Francisco Bay Area to the San Joaquin Valley from U.S. Route 101 to Interstate 5
 * Interstate 580 (Nevada), a spur connecting Carson City, Nevada to Reno, Nevada (also signed as U.S. Route 395)
 * Interstate 580 (Nebraska), a former route and now part of U.S. Route 75 in Omaha, Nebraska

title: Interstate 580


text:
Category:Patent attorneys

This category also includes patent agents and patent lawyers.

title: Category:Patent attorneys


text:
M. Chinnaswamy

Mangalam Chinnaswamy (29 March 1900 – 8 November 1991) was an Indian cricket administrator and lawyer. He was born in Mandya.

He was the President of Board of Control for Cricket in India from 1977 to 1980 and Secretary from 1960 to 1965. He also served as the vice president and joint secretary for long terms. He represented India in the International Cricket Council in 1965, 1973 and 1977 - 1980. A lawyer by profession, he actively practiced from 1925 till 1975.

He was one of the founders of the Karnataka State Cricket Association (KSCA). He served as the secretary from 1953 to 1978 and as the President from 1978 to 1990. He was the treasurer and second official to the Indian tour of Australia in 1967-68 and as the manager when Australia returned the visit two years later. MCC honoured him with a life membership in 1969.

He was the driving force behind the construction of the KSCA stadium in Bengaluru. He was helped by many eminent people, was responsible in prevailing upon the Karnataka government to allot the ground for cricket in the MG Road area in 1969. This was named M. Chinnaswamy Stadium much against his wishes.

He died on 8 November 1991 after a long illness.

title: M. Chinnaswamy


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Yowl like a barse

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was speedy deleted as obvious hoax. Contains several claims that are verifiably false. Never nominated for any oscars and Christopher Walken never appeared in it. - Mgm|(talk) 13:26, August 30, 2005 (UTC)

Yowl like a barse
This film is not included in IMDB's entry for Christopher Walken. It was not nominated for an academy award in 1999 or 2000. Googling and searching IMDB for the name of this film returns nothing. Notability not established; possible hoax. Sliggy 16:56, August 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * and "Tiff Risco" has been deleted by a previous Vote for Deletion Sliggy 16:58, August 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * sorry, the above link is for a Tiff Risco "film", this is the link for Tiff Risco himself Sliggy 17:09, August 29, 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep - It made me smile anyway. As I have suggested in earler VfDs,  That something is not listed by Google is not sufficient to justify it's deletion.  I rather suspect that using google to justify the deletion of an article is merely being lazy.  (IMNSHO) 212.101.64.4 17:00, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * True, but why keep an obvious hoax? We're an encyclopedia, not a joke book, after all. -Splash 19:37, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * strong delete as an obvious hoax. The fake claim of academy award nomination clinches it. Brighterorange 17:04, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong Delete - Because something doesn't exist is sufficient to justify its deletion. Halo 17:14, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as a hoax; is the title meant to come out as "you like up arse" when said quickly, or is that just my dirty mind? --LemonAndLime 17:23, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * But yeah, it did still make me laugh. "Best sound editing" gag is a good 'un. I vote to delete obscure academy awards. Heh. Sorry. --LemonAndLime 17:32, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete vanity oops, I mean dumb. --Quasipalm 17:36, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete blatant hoax.--Scimitar parley 17:37, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Even if it were funny (it's not), it wouldn't be an appropriate article. Delete. Al 17:51, August 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * BJAODN--195.92.168.175 00:08, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete hoaximus maximus. -Splash 19:37, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Barsecruft. Gazpacho 20:06, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, and ask the creator to 'stop adding nonsense' to WP. We've had a run of these 'barse' related articles deleted already, the joke is wearing thin (speedy as vandalism?)--Doc (?) 21:51, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Jachin 22:31, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * 'Delete, just because something is nonsense doesn't give it BJAODN rights. Zoe 07:54, August 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * I resisted explicitly voting before because I wanted input to ensure this wasn't a film akin to Bad Taste. It clearly isn't, so I've added a speedy delete to the article under WP:CSD General 3, silly/joke article vandalism Sliggy 08:55, August 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:Ontario Highway 402

Untitled
Was the first portion of Highway 402, basically the part in the city of Sarnia, known as Highway 407 before the rest of the highway linking Sarnia to London was built?
 * No. It was always 402.  In fact, the 400, 401 and 402 all received their designations on the same date in 1952.  Prior to that, they were called by route name only.  The 402 prior to actually being 402 was the Blue Water Bridge Approach. Snickerdo 21:19, 30 August 2006 (UTC)

Blacklisted Links Found on Ontario Highway 402
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External links modified
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title: Talk:Ontario Highway 402


text:
Púbol

Púbol is a small town located in the municipality of La Pera, in the comarca (county) of Baix Empordà, in the province of Girona, Catalonia, Spain.

The artist Salvador Dalí lived at the Castle of Púbol; in 1982, he was named "Marquis of Dalí of Púbol" (spa., "Marqués de Dalí de Púbol").

In fact Salvador Dalí did not live there, he bought the castle for his wife, Gala, who lived there and granted him to visit her, only when she wanted. After Gala died in 1982 at Púbol where she rests in her crypt, Dalí refused to leave the premises, but he had to be hospitalized, lived at his museum in Figueres for a while and died in a clinic in Barcelona in 1989.

The Castle of Púbol is a museum now. It contains many works of art by Salvador Dalí.

Púbol, along with Cadaqués and Figueres, forms the so-called "Dalinian Triangle".

title: Púbol


text:
Zazas

The Zazas (Zaza, Kırd, Kırmanc, Dımili or Şarê Ma) are a people in eastern Turkey who traditionally speak the Zaza language, a western Iranian language written in the Latin script. Their heartland consists of Tunceli and Bingöl provinces and parts of Elazığ, Erzincan and Diyarbakır provinces. Zazas generally consider themselves Kurds, and are often described as Zaza Kurds by scholars.

Etymology and naming
According to Encyclopædia Iranica the endonym Dimlī or Dīmla was derived from Daylam region in Northern Iran, and appears in Armenian historical records as delmik, dlmik, which was proposed to be derived from Middle Iranian *dēlmīk meaning Daylamite. Among their neighbors the people are known mainly as Zāzā, which meant “stutterer” and was used as a pejorative. Hadank and Mckenzie attribute relative abundance of sibilants and affricates in Zaza language to explain the semantic etymology of the name.

Origins and early history
Linguistic evidence put the urheimat of the Zaza language to Northern Iran, especially around the southern Caspian region due to the similarities between Zaza, Talysh, Gilaki and Mazanderani languages. The etymology of the endonym Dimlī and the historical records of migration from Daylam to Central Anatolia in Armenian sources are also cited as an evidence of Daylamite origins of the Zaza people. Academics propose that this migration event happened in 10th to 12th centuries AD. However, a study from 2005 does not support the Northern Iranian theory and rather proposes a closer link between Kurdish and Zaza-speakers compared to Northern Iranian populations.

Kurmanji-speaking Kurds and Zazas have for centuries lived in the same areas in Anatolia. Arakelova states that Zazas had not claimed a separate ethnic identity from Kurds and were considered a part of the Kurds by outsiders through history, despite "having a distinct national identity and ethnic consciousness".

The Zaza minstrel tradition goes back to the medieval period, when Zaza-speaking bards composed works both in their mother tongue and in Turkish.

Modern period
The earliest surviving literary works in the Zaza language are two poems with identical titles, Mawlūd, dating from the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

In the 1920s and 1930s, Zazas played a key role in the rise of Kurdish nationalism with their rebellions against the Ottoman Empire and later the Republic of Turkey. Zazas participated in the Koçgiri rebellion in 1920, and during the Sheikh Said rebellion in 1925, the Zaza Sheikh Said and his supporters rebelled against the newly established Republic because of its Turkish nationalist and secular ideology. Many Zazas subsequently joined the Kurmanji-speaking Kurdish nationalist Xoybûn, the Society for the Rise of Kurdistan, and other movements, where they often rose to prominence.

In 1937 during the Dersim rebellion, Zazas once again rebelled against the Turks. This time the rebellion was led by Seyid Riza and ended with a massacre of thousands of Kurmanji-speaking Kurds and Zaza civilians, while many were internally displaced due to the conflict.

Sakine Cansız, a Zaza from Tunceli, was a founding member of Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK), and like many Zazas joined the rebels, including the prominent Besê Hozat.

Following the 1980 Turkish coup d'état, many intellectual minorities, including Zazas, emigrated from Turkey towards Europe, Australia and the United States.

Demographics and geographical distribution
The exact number of Zazas is unknown, due to the absence of recent and extensive census data. The last census on language in Turkey was held in 1965, where 150,644 people ticked Zaza as their first language and 112,701 as their second language. More recent data from 2005 suggests that the Zaza-speaking population varies from approximately 2 to 4 million.

According to a 2015 study that examined the demographics of the voting-age population in the Kurdish inhabited areas in Turkey (Northeast, Central East and Southeast Anatolia statistical regions, n=1918) 12.8% of the people ethnically identified as Zaza, which made Zaza the biggest ethnic identity after Kurdish (73%) in the region. Zaza speakers were more numerous (15%) compared to people who identify with the Zaza ethnic identity, showing that some Zaza speakers identified as other ethnicities, primarily Kurds.

Following the 1980 Turkish coup d'état, many intellectual minorities, including Zazas, emigrated from Turkey towards Europe, Australia and the United States. The largest part of the Zaza diaspora is in Europe, predominantly in Germany.

Language
Zaza is the ancestral language of the Zaza people and belongs to the Zaza–Gorani branch of the Iranian languages. It is spoken in the east of modern Turkey, with approximately two to three million speakers. There is a division between Northern and Southern Zaza, most notably in phonological inventory, but Zaza as a whole forms a dialect continuum, with no recognized standard.

A study published in 2015 that demographically analysed voting-age adults in the Kurdish inhabited regions of Turkey (excluding diaspora) concluded that 96.2% of people who identified as Zaza, but not Kurdish in the region spoke Zazaki as their mother tongue. On the contrary only 58.4% of the surveyed Zaza people declared that their primary home language was Zazaki, and Turkish was the second most popular home language with 38.3% of Zazas speaking it at their homes. 1.9% of the surveyed people who identified as Zaza expressed that their home language was Kurdish. Around 1.4% people belonging to Kurdish ethnic identity also spoke Zazaki as their mother language. Concerning Alevis, which were separately analysed, c. 70% spoke Zazaki, but Turkish (70%) was the dominant household language. Ziflioğlu states that many Zazas only speak Kurmanji.

The first written statements in the Zaza language were compiled by the linguist Peter Lerch in 1850. Two other important documents are the religious writings of Ehmedê Xasi of 1898, and of Osman Efendîyo Babij; both of these works were written in Arabic script. The state-owned TRT Kurdî airs shows in Zaza. During the 1980s, the Zaza language became popular among the Zaza diaspora, followed by publications in Zaza in Turkey.

Religion
Predominantly Zazas adhere to Sunni Islam. According to a 2015 study that examined the voting-age adults of the Eastern and Southern Anatolia 75.4% of the people who stated that they were ethnically Zazas belonged to the Shafiʽi school of Islam, similar to Kurdish groups, but in contrast to local Turkish and Arab people who were majority Hanafi. Shafi‘i followers among the Zaza people are mostly Naqshbandi.

Alevism is the second largest Islamic sect among Zazas with 14.8% adhering it, and Zazas had the highest Alevi percentage among any group by far, being followed by Turks (5.4%) and Kurds (3.1%). It was also reported that around 70% of the Alevis spoke Zazaki as their mother language. Zaza Alevis predominantly live around Tunceli Province. Hanafism, which is the biggest Islamic school in both Turkey and among the Turkish and Arabic people in the region, is being adhered by 9.8% of the Zaza population. Historically, a small Christian Zaza population existed in Gerger.

Identity
According to Kehl-Bodrogi and Arakelova Zazas never claimed a separate existence from Kurds and largely consider themselves Kurds. However, some scholars consider them to be a separate ethnic group, and treat them as such in their academic work.

According to a national survey conducted by KONDA Research and Consultancy in 2019 around 1.5% of the population state "Zaza" as their ethnic identity, thus forming the fourth largest ethnic identity in the country. According to a 2015 survey conducted in Turkish Kurdistan among voting-age adults, the majority of the Zazaki-speakers ethnically identified as "Zaza" in contrast to other options such as Kurdish, Turkish and Arabic.

Many Zaza politicians are also to be found in the fraternal Kurdish parties of the Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP) and Democratic Regions Party (DBP), like Selahattin Demirtaş, Aysel Tuğluk, Ayla Akat Ata and Gültan Kışanak. On the other hand, Zazas who have publicly stated that they do not consider themselves Kurdish include Hüseyin Aygün, a CHP politician from Tunceli. Especially in recent years, Zaza language and cultural associations have become widespread, the establishment of the Federation of Zaza Associations and the establishment of the Democracy Time Party have started to adopt Zaza identity more.

Politics
Politically, Zazas belonging to Alevism and Sunnism generally hold widely different views from each other. Since 2002 elections Sunni Zazas mostly voted for ruling Justice and Development Party both nationally and locally, meanwhile Alevi Zazas have shown wide support for left-wing or Kurdish-oriented parties, namely HDP and CHP. For the presidential elections Sunni Zazas were reported to be voting for Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, in contrast to the Alevis who mostly supported HDP's candidate Selahattin Demirtaş. Alevi-majority Tunceli is the only province in Turkey that has ever elected a mayor belonging to Communist Party of Turkey.

The first Zaza-oriented political party in the history of Turkey was established in 2017 under the name "Zaza People's Party" and later changed its name to Democracy Time Party (Turkish: Demokrasi Zamanı Partisi) due to legal restrictions on ethnicity-based parties.

Zaza nationalism
Zaza nationalism is an ideology that supports the preservation of Zaza people between Turks and Kurds in Turkey. Turkish nationalist Hasan Reşit Tankut proposed in 1961 to create a corridor between Zaza-speakers and Kurmanji-speakers to hasten Turkification. In some cases in the diaspora, Zazas turned to this ideology because of the more visible differences between them and Kurmanji-speakers. Zaza nationalism was further boosted when Turkey abandoned its assimilatory policies which made some Zazas begin considering themselves as a separate ethnic group. In the diaspora, some Zazas turned to Zaza nationalism in the freer European political climate. On this, Ebubekir Pamukchu, the founder of the Zaza national movement stated: "From that moment I became Zaza." Zaza nationalists fear Turkish and Kurdish influence and aim at protecting Zaza culture and language rather than seeking any kind of autonomy within Turkey.

According to researcher Ahmet Kasımoğlu, Zaza nationalism is a Turkish and Armenian attempt to divide Kurds.

Genetics
A 2005 study genetically examined three different groups of Zaza (n= 27) and Kurmanji speakers in Turkey and Kurmanji speakers in Georgia. In the study, mtDNA HV1 sequences, eleven Y chromosome bi-allelic markers and 9 Y-STR loci were analyzed to investigate lineage relationship among these Iranian-speaking groups. According to study 8 different Y-DNA haplogroups have been identified among the Zaza speakers; I* (33.3%), R1a1a (25.9%), E* (11.1%) and R1* (11.1%) being the most prevalent ones. Haplogroups P1 and J2, which were found to be prevalent among differing Kurdish populations, were absent in Zaza speakers. Y chromosome data showed somewhat different patterns, indicating some effect of geography. Kurmanji speakers and Zaza speakers in Turkey, who are geographic neighbours, were found to be closer to each other compared to the Georgian and Turkmen Kurds according to Y-DNA data.

MtDNA data indicates close relationships among Zaza speaking groups from Turkey and Kurdish people from Georgia, Iran and Eastern Turkey, meanwhile the examined Kurmanji speakers in Turkey and Turkmenistan were different from these groups and each other maternally. Geographic neighbours of Zazas from South Caucasus are also found to be similar concerning mtDNA results. It was stated that there was no clear geographic or linguistic pattern concerning matrilineal origins of examined Iranian-speakers.

Another phenomenon found in the research was that Zazas are closer to Kurdish groups (matrilineally South Caucasian groups, patrilineally Kurmanji speakers in Turkey) rather than peoples of Northern Iran, where ancestral Zaza language hypothesized to be spoken before its spread to Anatolia. It was also stated that "the genetic evidence of course does not preclude a northern Iranian origin for the Zazaki language itself."

title: Zazas


text:
Anisian

In the geologic timescale, the Anisian is the lower stage or earliest age of the Middle Triassic series or epoch and lasted from million years ago until  million years ago. The Anisian Age succeeds the Olenekian Age (part of the Lower Triassic Epoch) and precedes the Ladinian Age.

Stratigraphic definitions
The stage and its name were established by Austrian geologists Wilhelm Heinrich Waagen and Carl Diener in 1895. The name comes from Anisus, the Latin name of the river Enns. The original type locality is at Großreifling in the Austrian state of Styria.

The base of the Anisian Stage (also the base of the Middle Triassic series) is sometimes laid at the first appearance of conodont species Chiosella timorensis in the stratigraphic record. Other stratigraphers prefer to use the base of magnetic chronozone MT1n. There is no accepted global reference profile for the base, but one (GSSP or golden spike) was proposed at a flank of the mountain Deşli Caira in the Romanian Dobruja.

The top of the Anisian (the base of the Ladinian) is at the first appearance of ammonite species Eoprotrachyceras curionii and the ammonite family Trachyceratidae. The conodont species Neogondolella praehungarica appears at the same level.

Especially in Central Europe the Anisian Stage is sometimes subdivided into four substages: Aegean, Bythinian, Pelsonian and Illyrian.

The Anisian contains six ammonite biozones:
 * zone of Nevadites
 * zone of Hungarites
 * zone of Paraceratites
 * zone of Balatonites balatonicus
 * zone of Kocaelia
 * zone of Acrochordiceras

Selected formations

 * Ashfield Shale (New South Wales, Australia)
 * Cynognathus Assemblage Zone / Burgersdorp Formation (subzone C)* (South Africa)
 * Lower and middle Besano Formation (Switzerland and Italy)
 * Denwa Formation* (India)
 * Donguz Svita* (Russia)
 * Upper Ermaying Formation (Shaanxi and Shanxi, China)
 * Favret Formation / Prida Formation (Fossil Hill Member) (Nevada, US)
 * Grès à Voltzia (France)
 * Guanling Formation (Guizhou and Yunnan, China)
 * Manda Beds* (Tanzania)
 * Moenkopi Formation (Holbrook and Anton Chico members) (SW US)
 * Lower and Middle Muschelkalk (central Europe)
 * Ntawere Formation* (Zambia)
 * Omingonde Formation* (Namibia)
 * Röt Formation / Upper Buntsandstein (Germany)
 * Yerrapalli Formation* (India)

* Tentatively assigned to the Anisian; age estimated primarily via terrestrial tetrapod biostratigraphy (see Triassic land vertebrate faunachrons)

title: Anisian


text:
Portal:Poland/Polish cinema

The Revenge (Polish: Zemsta), a film released in 2002, directed by Andrzej Wajda (pictured). The film is based on a perennially popular stage farce by the great Polish playwright and poet Aleksander Fredro. Written in a sharp, ironic style, 'The Revenge' portrays those national characteristics that in time brought on many of Poland's national tragedies. Written for the stage, Wajda has changed very little and transferred practically the entirety of the work to the screen.

Cast: Roman Polański as Papkin, Janusz Gajos as Cześnik Raptusiewicz, Andrzej Seweryn as Rejent Milczek, Katarzyna Figura as Podstolina, Daniel Olbrychski as Dyndalski. Read more...

title: Portal:Poland/Polish cinema


text:
User:Lbreda

Who I am
I'm a boy from Rome, Italy. My Italian presentation is here

I'm studying Physics at La Sapienza - Università di Roma (Rome).

Hobby
In my free time I'm a web developer. I know very well XHTML, CSS, php and MySQL. I know (and use) also other programming and markup languages, e.g. LaTeX. I'm studying C++, and I'm planning to study Java.

I love comics, especially Disney comics.

Computer
I use a lot of PCs. My main PC is a Debian GNU/Linux "Lenny", but I use also some Windows PCs (versions 95, 98, 2000) and an MS-DOS 7.1 (I love MS-DOS).

Main website
My main website is www.lbreda.com (also in English), but I've done nearly ten sites.

it:Utente:Lbreda

title: User:Lbreda


text:
Sincerity and Authenticity

Sincerity and Authenticity is a 1972 book by Lionel Trilling, based on a series of lectures he delivered in 1970 as Charles Eliot Norton Professor at Harvard University.

The lectures examine what Trilling described as "the moral life in process of revising itself", a period of Western history in which (argues Trilling) sincerity became the central aspect of moral life (first observed in pre–Age of Enlightenment literature such as the works of Shakespeare), later to be replaced by authenticity (in the twentieth century). The lectures take great lengths to define and explain the terms "sincerity" and "authenticity", though no clear, concise definition is ever really postulated, and Trilling even considers the possibility that such terms are best not totally defined. However, he does use the short formula "to stay true to oneself" to characterize the modern ideal of authenticity and differentiates it from the older ideal of being a morally sincere person. Trilling draws on a wide range of literature in defense of his thesis, citing many of the key (and some more obscure) Western writers and thinkers of the last 500 years.

Trilling's Sincerity and Authenticity has been of influence on literary and cultural critics and philosophers, such as Templeton and Kyoto Prize winner Charles Taylor in his book The Ethics of Authenticity. See also, the more recent work of Kyle Michael James Shuttleworth in The History and Ethics of Authenticity: Freedom, Meaning and Modernity (2020), and Hans-Georg Moeller and Paul J. D’Ambrosio in You and Your Profile: Life After Authenticity (2021)

title: Sincerity and Authenticity


text:
Stumped

Stumped is a method of dismissing a batter in cricket, in which the wicket-keeper puts down the striker's wicket while the striker is out of their ground (the batter leaves their ground when they have moved down the pitch beyond the popping crease, often in an attempt to hit the ball). It is governed by Law 39 of the Laws of Cricket.

Being "out of their ground" means no part of the batter's body, equipment or bat is touching the ground behind the crease.

Stumped is a special case of run out, but a stumping can only be effected by the wicket keeper without the intervention of another fielder, when the striker is not attempting a run, and the ball must not be a no-ball. Where both modes of dismissal could be adjudged (i.e. it is the striker who is liable to be out, by action of the keeper alone, when the striker is not attempting a run, on a legitimate delivery), a stumping will be recorded and credited to the bowler and keeper.

As always in cricket, one of the fielding team must appeal for the wicket by asking the umpires. It is the square-leg umpire who adjudicates all stumpings, and all run-out appeals at the striker's end.

Practice
Stumping is the fifth-most-common form of dismissal after caught, bowled, leg before wicket, and run out, though it is seen more commonly in shorter forms of the game such as Twenty20 cricket, because attacking batting leads both to batters more frequently losing their balance, and to deliberately leaving the crease to better strike the ball.

Most stumping dismissals are effected by the keeper "standing up" (i.e. able to put down the wicket by reaching out with the gloved hand holding the ball) and so are usually taken by a medium or slow bowler, especially a slower spin bowler. If the keeper is "standing back" to a faster bowler, the wicket-keeper may throw the ball at the stumps to remove the bails ("throw down the wicket") and is also credited with the stumping, although any other fielder throwing down the wicket would be a run out.

Stumping is often an intended consequence of the fielding team's setup and involves cooperation between bowler and wicket-keeper: the bowler draws the batter out of their ground, such as by delivering a ball with a shorter length to tempt the batter to step forward to create a half-volley, and when they miss the ball, the keeper catches it and breaks the wicket before the batter "makes their ground" (i.e. places the bat or part of their body on the ground back behind the popping crease).

If the bails are removed before the act of stumping (e.g by the keeper's foot), the batter can still be stumped if the wicket-keeper removes one of the stumps from the ground, while holding the ball in the hand or arm that is in contact with the stump.

A batter may be out stumped off a wide delivery, in which case the batting team are still credited with the one run extra and both umpires are required to signal to the scorers: the bowler's end umpire signals the Wide, the striker's end, that the batsman is out.

A batter cannot be stumped off a no-ball (as stumped is credited to the bowler, the fielding team cannot benefit from the illegal delivery).

Notes:
 * The popping crease is defined as the back edge of the crease marking (i.e. the edge closer to the wicket. Therefore, a batter whose bat or foot is on the crease marking, but does not touch the ground behind the crease marking, can be stumped. This is quite common if the batter's back foot is raised so that only their toe is on the ground.
 * The wicket must be properly put down in accordance with Law 29 of the Laws of cricket: using either the ball itself or a hand or arm that is in contact with the ball at the point of breaking the wicket. A stumping is also valid if the ball merely rebounds from the wicket-keeper and breaks the wicket just as if the wicket had been thrown down.
 * The wicket-keeper must allow the ball to pass the stumps before taking it, unless it has touched either the batter or his bat first (Law 21.9). If the wicket-keeper fails to do this, the delivery is a no-ball, and the batter cannot be stumped (nor run out, unless he attempts to run to the other wicket ).
 * If the striker is injured and has a runner (no longer permitted in professional cricket), the runner leaves their crease and the wicket is put down for what would otherwise be a stumping, the striker is run out, not stumped.

title: Stumped


text:
Talk:B road

Untitled
It's not that straightforward to find a US equivalent to the British classification of B-roads as much of the interior of the US is fairly thinly populated. Probably the closest equivalent is a route between towns on the West or East coast that is not the main route. Pilatus 16:59, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

Kinda, though my experience is that B roads tend to go to places that do not otherwise have A roads. Generally, a secondary route between two places will either have no classification or be a lower grade of A road. Robdurbar 17:41, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

How about the present version? Anyway, I have removed the "often" again, it's at least the intention of town planners to direct traffic along the "A" route. Locals sometimes know better (see the B6373 in Dalkeith, where they re-routed the A68 into Edinburgh. The contrast is with the US, where the distinction between county and state routes is who bears the maintainance, when in the UK non-trunk routes are maintained by the local authority. Pilatus 16:49, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:B road


text:
Forest School Camps

Forest School Camps (FSC) is an organization primarily aimed at children between the ages of 6 and 17. FSC runs camps throughout the year, with the main ones lasting 13 nights during late July and August, and additional one-week and weekend camps at Easter and during the spring and early summer.

As a volunteer-run organization, FSC relies on cultural and social bonds, as well as enthusiasm of participants, for support and staffing rather than monetary incentive. Many, though by no means all, volunteers have 'grown up' in the organisation. FSC is designed to give children, including those who have never camped before, with valuable experiences, life skills, and social skills.

FSC is an English charity registered with the Charity Commission for England and Wales in the United Kingdom, number 306006.

Culture and history
FSC was originally formed in 1947 by a group of former students and teachers from a radical educational scheme called "Forest School" that started in 1930 in the New Forest. The school later moved to Whitwell Hall in Norfolk, but the building was requisitioned at the start of World War II, forcing the school to close.

Forest School had connections with a diverse range of cultures, such as the Woodcraft movements, Native Americans cultures, and the Quakers. FSC has since developed its own distinct culture with unique traditions and internal practices. Many of the traditions have developed out of physical necessity, such as Rally (a meeting of everyone on the Camp where they discuss what is going to happen through the day), Clan (a vertical age sub-group of the lodge that prepares the meals for the day), and the Arise song. Other traditions, such as Merrymoot, or the Camp Songs, sprang from cultural and aesthetic bases. The camp songs are sung round a big campfire and are a great way to have fun and a bit of a laugh.

The end of a main standing camp is usually marked by two major events, Merrymoot and Lodge Common Council.

Merrymoot is an expanded campfire session where the whole camp gathers to entertain one another with sketches improvisations, and traditional songs.

Lodge Common Council is a formal occasion, usually on the final night, where the entire camp gathers around a special fire. This fire is traditionally octagonal in shape and may be as high as five feet, though it is more commonly rectangular in practice. Before lighting the fire, a few coals from the previous year are added, and it is then lit in front of the whole body of the camp.

Once the fire is burning, campers review the camp and may suggest changes in activities or emphasis for the following year.

Groups
People on camp have traditionally been separated into the following groups, although some experimental camps have varied this arrangement:

 * Pixies - Children who are too young to go alone and must be accompanied by a parent or relative
 * Elves - Children between the ages of 6 and a half and 8.
 * Woodlings - Children between the ages of 9 and 11.
 * Trailseekers - Children between the ages of 12 and 13.
 * Trackers - Children between the ages of 14 and 15.
 * Pathfinders - Children between the ages of 16 and 17.
 * Pixie parents- Parent or guardian looking after a pixie.
 * Waywardens - Adults who require support due to disabilities.
 * Staff - Adults who care for the children and co-operatively run the whole camp. With the exception of camp chiefs (who are in overall charge of the entire camp) and caterers (responsible for food), staff are split into groups that look after the different age groups. In each group there is also a group chief.

Generally FSC age groups are based on school year rather than birthday. As most camps take place before September, this means it is possible to have campers whose ages do not exactly fit with the groupings listed above (e.g. 15-year-old Pathfinders).

From 2007, as a trial, the age groups have been amended slightly (to those given above), increasing the age range slightly in the lower groups, and reducing it for the pathfinders, to allow the camps to accommodate slightly more older children without distorting the number in each age group. As a high percentage of children who begin camping with FSC fall in love with camp and want to stay on until their final year, when they participate in a coming of age ceremony, when the pathfinder age group previously encompassed ages 15, 16 and 17, there were always more applications from pathfinders than spaces for them to fill. The change in age groups has compensated for this and now more children are able to continue camping into their final year.

Camps
Each camp has a different agenda and model, set by tradition and the Camp Chief. There are several different identifiable types:

These are set in regularly used locations, at sites generally used for many years, and where a relationship has been built up with the landowners. Sites may be on remote hill farms among mountainous country, or on land in lowland areas. Most camps are in this format and children need to attend at least 2 of these camps to experience FSC life before being able to try activity camps as below. A variety of standard and novel activities take place on these camps, and they can be exciting and challenging, but they are less demanding physically than some of the mobile and activity camps. They may have a theme or special interest depending on the interests of the camp leaders and staff.
 * Standing camps

Both basic and more advanced camping skills are learnt during Standing Camps, particularly during the first part of the camp. These skills are consolidated by the 'hike', during which each age group walks with its staff away from the site for two, three or four nights, taking just their essential camping gear with them. The distance travelled and the time away from the main camp depend on the age of the children in the group. These camps generally do not have a single fixed campsite. They move on most days and are based around walking in lowland or mountain environments, cycling, canoeing or other activities. Whilst most mobiles are based in the United Kingdom some are based abroad Semi-mobiles are essentially Mobiles, however may either have a site on which they spend a period of time before beginning the journey or have a fixed location (often known as a base camp) from which small trips are made most days. These camps are usually based in a caving hut with day adventures out into local caves. These camps often include a day of overground exploration. Recent camps have taken place in parts of the UK such as the Mendips, Devon, Yorkshire and South Wales. Caving camps are often described by those who frequent them as part of the "real heart of FSC", with the same people attending them year after year, and strong friendships being built up. These are a special form of standing camps focused on a particular work project, usually an environmental project of some sort. These camps restricted to over 16s or over 18s depending on their nature and leaders. These are run and organised by FSC associates, usually parents of child campers, but can also include staff from children's camps. They are generally shorter weekend camps, and do not follow exactly the same structure as standard child camps, but are similar in ethos and are open to family groups, children are cared for by their own parents/guardians rather than staff.
 * Mobile camps
 * Semi-mobile camps
 * Caving camps
 * Conservation and Skills camps
 * Associate Camps

FSC Glee
Part of FSC camps is communal singing and sharing of traditional and contemporary songs. A campfire is often held in the evening where people are encouraged to sing. FSC song books are also printed every few years, these contain some of the more common songs sung on camps. A virtual version of these books is available at the FSC glee website. A few songs unique to FSC such as the Poll Tax song have been written by members and remain part of the oral tradition.

title: Forest School Camps


text:
Bévilard

Bévilard is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is located in the French-speaking Bernese Jura (Jura Bernois). On 1 January 2015 the former municipalities of Bévilard, Malleray and Pontenet merged to form the new municipality of Valbirse.

History
Bévilard is first mentioned in 1182 as Bevilar. In German it was known as Bewiler though this is not used currently.

Very little is known about the early history of the village. During the 13th and 14th centuries the noble Bévilard family appear in a few records. Throughout much of its existence, it was owned by the Provost of Moutier-Grandval Abbey. After the 1797 French victory and the Treaty of Campo Formio, Bévilard became part of the French Département of Haut-Rhin. After Napoleon's defeat and the Congress of Vienna, Bévilard was assigned to the Canton of Bern in 1815.

The village parish church of Saint-Georges was first mentioned in 1263. The current church building is from 1716. In 1531 the Protestant Reformation entered the village and the new faith was adopted. The church was the center of a parish that originally included Bévilard, Malleray and Pontenet. In the 18th century the municipality of Champoz joined the parish. In 1746 a filial church of the parish was established in Sornetan.

The village was generally agrarian until the Basel-Delémont-Biel railroad built a station between Bévilard and Malleray in 1877. The convenient link to the transportation network encouraged several precision machining and watch making factories to set up in the municipality. In 1882 the Hélios gear factory opened and was followed in 1915 Schäublin machining factory. The watch industry was a major source of income and led to a growing population in the municipality until the 1970s. Beginning in the 1970s, competition from cheaper electronic watches forced many Swiss watchmakers out of business and the population in Bévilard dropped.

Geography
Before the merger, Bévilard had a total area of 5.8 km2. As of 2012, a total of 2.31 km2 or 40.7% is used for agricultural purposes, while 2.75 km2 or 48.4% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 0.71 km2 or 12.5% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.01 km2 or 0.2% is either rivers or lakes.

During the same year, housing and buildings made up 7.4% and transportation infrastructure made up 3.5%. Out of the forested land, 40.7% of the total land area is heavily forested and 7.7% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 8.8% is used for growing crops, 12.7% is pastures and 18.7% is used for alpine pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water.

The municipality is located in the upper Birs River Valley. Over the years it and the village of Malleray have grown together into a single settled area.

On 31 December 2009 District de Moutier, the municipality's former district, was dissolved. On the following day, 1 January 2010, it joined the newly created Arrondissement administratif Jura bernois.

Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Azure a Dagger Argent in bend hilted Or in chief.

Demographics
Bévilard had a population (as of 2013) of 1,730. , 15.3% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2001-2011) the population has changed at a rate of -0.6%. Migration accounted for -0.2%, while births and deaths accounted for -0.8%.

Most of the population speaks French (1,417 or 85.1%) as their first language, German is the second most common (99 or 5.9%) and Italian is the third (78 or 4.7%). There is 1 person who speaks Romansh.

, the population was 49.9% male and 50.1% female. The population was made up of 694 Swiss men (41.2% of the population) and 146 (8.7%) non-Swiss men. There were 732 Swiss women (43.5%) and 112 (6.7%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 470 or about 28.2% were born in Bévilard and lived there in 2000. There were 619 or 37.2% who were born in the same canton, while 269 or 16.1% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 262 or 15.7% were born outside of Switzerland.

, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 20.1% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 58.7% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 21.3%.

, there were 589 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 884 married individuals, 125 widows or widowers and 68 individuals who are divorced.

, there were 236 households that consist of only one person and 54 households with five or more people. , a total of 675 apartments (86.4% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 51 apartments (6.5%) were seasonally occupied and 55 apartments (7.0%) were empty. , the construction rate of new housing units was 0.6 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality,, was 2.84%.

The historical population is given in the following chart:

Politics
In the 2011 federal election the most popular party was the Swiss People's Party (SVP) which received 31.4% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the Social Democratic Party (SP) (27.3%), the Federal Democratic Union of Switzerland (EDU) (8.8%) and the FDP.The Liberals (7.9%). In the federal election, a total of 482 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 41.2%.

Economy
, Bévilard had an unemployment rate of 2.23%. , there were a total of 788 people employed in the municipality. Of these, there were 16 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 7 businesses involved in this sector. 541 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 20 businesses in this sector. 231 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 42 businesses in this sector. There were 789 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 37.6% of the workforce.

there were a total of 694 full-time equivalent jobs. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 12, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 511 of which 471 or (92.2%) were in manufacturing and 40 (7.8%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 171. In the tertiary sector; 55 or 32.2% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 15 or 8.8% were in a hotel or restaurant, 4 or 2.3% were in the information industry, 8 or 4.7% were the insurance or financial industry, 18 or 10.5% were technical professionals or scientists, 12 or 7.0% were in education and 6 or 3.5% were in health care.

, there were 379 workers who commuted into the municipality and 500 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 1.3 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. A total of 289 workers (43.5% of the 664 total workers in the municipality) both lived and worked in Bévilard. About 1.1% of the workforce coming into Bévilard are coming from outside Switzerland. Of the working population, 9.4% used public transportation to get to work, and 61.3% used a private car.

In 2011 the average local and cantonal tax rate on a married resident of Bévilard making 150,000 CHF was 13.6%, while an unmarried resident's rate was 20%. For comparison, the average rate for the entire canton in 2006 was 13.9% and the nationwide rate was 11.6%. In 2009 there were a total of 744 tax payers in the municipality. Of that total, 209 made over 75,000 CHF per year. There were 8 people who made between 15,000 and 20,000 per year. The average income of the over 75,000 CHF group in Bévilard was 108,391 CHF, while the average across all of Switzerland was 130,478 CHF.

Religion
From the, 743 or 44.6% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church, while 484 or 29.1% were Roman Catholic. Of the rest of the population, there were 14 members of an Orthodox church (or about 0.84% of the population), there was 1 individual who belongs to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 484 individuals (or about 29.05% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 41 (or about 2.46% of the population) who were Islamic. There were 2 individuals who belonged to another church. 98 (or about 5.88% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 41 individuals (or about 2.46% of the population) did not answer the question.

Education
In Bévilard about 49.4% of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 12.8% have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 132 who had completed some form of tertiary schooling listed in the census, 70.5% were Swiss men, 15.2% were Swiss women, 11.4% were non-Swiss men.

The Canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend additional schooling or they may enter an apprenticeship.

During the 2011-12 school year, there were a total of 131 students attending classes in Bévilard. There were 2 kindergarten classes with a total of 31 students in the municipality. Of the kindergarten students, 6.5% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 3.2% have a different mother language than the classroom language. The municipality had 6 primary classes and 100 students. Of the primary students, 21.0% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 14.0% have a different mother language than the classroom language.

, there were a total of 180 students attending any school in the municipality. Of those, 175 both lived and attended school in the municipality, while 5 students came from another municipality. During the same year, 105 residents attended schools outside the municipality.

title: Bévilard


text:
User talk:Hans soplopuco

Welcome
Hello , and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! --Lord Voldemort (Dark Mark) 17:01, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
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Moller skycar M400 image
Hi Hans, the above image you uploaded was deleted because it lacked source and copyright information. Be sure to read the links provided in the image upload page. They explain everything :) --Duk 16:30, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * PS, you added the to some of the images you uploaded. This tag causes the image to be deleted in seven days unless you go back and update the source and copyright information. --Duk 16:36, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

Image:Moller skycar M400.jpg
Hi Hans, this image was deleted for a second time because it didn't have source information. You claimed fairuse but neglected to add information about the image's source. When you claim fair use, you also need to add the image's source information.

If this image is uploaded again without the source identified, it will be deleted again. Administrators are not required to track down image sources before deleting images per WP:CSD, adding the image source information is your job.

Again, to repeate my self for another time; you need to add the image's source information in addition to the fairuse tag. So if you upload it again, please don't forget to add the image source. --Duk 20:29, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:Acrcandidates.jpg
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Non-free use disputed for Image:Steyr ACR.gif
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Replaceable fair use Image:Moller_Skycar_M400.jpg
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Fair use rationale for File:Dragonfly Specifications.jpg
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title: User talk:Hans soplopuco


text:
Ivana Banfić

Ivana Banfić ; born 16 November 1969) is a Croatian dancer and pop singer. She became famous under the stage name I BEE in the 1990s during the period of popularity of dance music in Croatia.

Banfić was born in Zagreb. She released her first album in 1991. Her songs were remembered for sexually provocative lyrics and elaborate choreography. Her well-known hit was "Šumica", a song about nude swimming.

She also took part in a hugely successful duet with the Bosnian vocalist Dino Merlin called "Godinama" in 2000, a song which achieved popularity throughout the former Yugoslavia. The song won a Porin Award for Hit of the Year in 2001.

Discography
Source: Discogs
 * "Vozy Me Polako" (Suzy, 1991)
 * "Istinite priče vol 1." (Croatia Records, 1994)
 * "Mala škola ABC" (Croatia Records, 1995)
 * "Bogovi su pali na tjeme" (Croatia Records, 1996)
 * "Kalypso" (Croatia Records, 1998)
 * "Žena Devedesetih" (Menart, 1999)
 * "Ona Zna" (Menart, 2001)
 * "Glamour" (Menart, 2003)
 * "Vjerujem" (Dallas Records, 2006)

title: Ivana Banfić


text:
Isidor Sadger

Isidor Isaak Sadger (29 October 1867 – 21 December 1942), born in Neu Sandez, Galicia, was a forensic medical doctor and psychoanalyst in Vienna. A leader in the early development of psychoanalysis, he began his career as a neurological specialist and, in 1894, began publishing a series of articles on psychophysiology. He studied with Sigmund Freud from 1895 to 1904 with a concentration in homosexuality and fetishism and coined the term Sadomasochismus (sadomasochism) in 1913. He also coined the term "Narcissmus" (narcissism). In September 1942, he was deported to the Theresienstadt concentration camp, where he died.

Work
Sadger published "Fragment der Psychoanalyse eines Homosexuellen" in the Jahrbuch für sexuellen Zwischenstufen in 1908. It described his analysis of a melancholy Danish count who was homosexual. The analysis lasted for only thirteen days before being terminated by the patient, whose sexual orientation was not changed. Later in 1908, Sadger published "Ist die konträre Sexualempfindung heilbar?", which assessed the value of psychoanalysis as a treatment for "contrary sexual feeling", in the Zeitschrift für Sexualwissenschaft. He answered the question of whether it could be cured in patients who were moral and determined "mit einem runden Ja!" ("with a definitive Yes!"). Sadger believed that it was not enough to establish a spurious kind of heterosexual functioning or "masturbatio per vaginam", wanting instead to change a patient's "Sexualideal", the internal image of his sexual object.

Freud stated in a note in his revised 1910 edition of “Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality” that his conclusions about homosexuality were partly based on information obtained from Sadger. Sadger's main work, Die Lehre von den Geschlechtsverwirrugen [...] auf psychoanalytischer Grundlage was published in 1921. Although he supported a hereditarian degeneracy theory, Sadger usually argued that homosexuality was due to accidental family events, but for unclear reasons he frequently reported family histories of sexual inversion. Sadger followed Freud's idea that gay men unconsciously desire to castrate their fathers by rendering their male partners flaccid through orgasm so that they can magically incorporate their masculinity and finally obtain access to the mother.

title: Isidor Sadger


text:
User talk:Tinydancer

Hey, a question for you. You uploaded:

But you didn't note where it came from, and its copyright status. Where did you get it? Concavelenz (comment) (talk) 17:02, August 29, 2005 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Gelsey.jpg
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title: User talk:Tinydancer


text:
Champoz

Champoz is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is located in the French-speaking part of the canton in the Jura mountains.

History
Champoz was first mentioned in 1365 as Champo.

The Roman army built an observation post on the mountainside near the present day village. Very little is known about the early history of the village, but throughout its history it was owned by the bailiff of Malleray who was under the authority of the provost of Moutier-Grandval Abbey. In 1499, during the Swabian War, Imperial troops destroyed the village. Both before and after the Protestant Reformation in 1531 it was part of the parish of Chalières. This changed in 1746 when it became part of the Bévilard parish.

After the 1797 French victory and the Treaty of Campo Formio, Champoz became part of the French Département of Mont-Terrible. Three years later, in 1800 it became part of the Département of Haut-Rhin. After Napoleon's defeat and the Congress of Vienna, Champoz was assigned to the Canton of Bern in 1815.

The village is located in the mountains above the Tavannes valley. Because of its location, during the 19th century the roads, railroads and industrialization of the valley bypassed Champoz. Today, many residents still work in agriculture while others commute to jobs in the Tavannes valley.

Geography
Champoz has an area of. As of 2012, a total of 3.34 km2 or 46.5% is used for agricultural purposes, while 3.63 km2 or 50.6% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 0.21 km2 or 2.9% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.01 km2 or 0.1% is either rivers or lakes.

During the same year, housing and buildings made up 1.4% and transportation infrastructure made up 1.4%. Out of the forested land, 44.0% of the total land area is heavily forested and 6.5% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 11.4% is used for growing crops and 15.9% is pastures and 18.7% is used for alpine pastures. All the water in the municipality is in lakes.

The municipality is located in the Moutier district, on the southern slope of Moron mountain. It consists of the linear village of Champoz and part of the hamlet of Le Petit-Champoz.

On 31 December 2009 District de Moutier, the municipality's former district, was dissolved. On the following day, 1 January 2010, it joined the newly created Arrondissement administratif Jura bernois.

Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Or issuant from a Mount Vert a Gentian Azure slipped and leaved of the second and on a Chief Gules fimbriated Vert a Semi Sun issuant Argent.

Demographics
Champoz has a population of. , 0.7% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2001-2011) the population has changed at a rate of 2.6%. Migration accounted for 5.2%, while births and deaths accounted for 0.7%.

Most of the population speaks French (137 or 90.7%) as their first language with the rest speaking German.

, the population was 49.7% male and 50.3% female. The population was made up of 76 Swiss men (49.7% of the population) and (0.0%) non-Swiss men. There were 76 Swiss women (49.7%) and 1 (0.7%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 71 or about 47.0% were born in Champoz and lived there in 2000. There were 63 or 41.7% who were born in the same canton, while 12 or 7.9% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 5 or 3.3% were born outside of Switzerland.

, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 25.5% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 61.8% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 12.7%.

, there were 72 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 74 married individuals, 3 widows or widowers and 2 individuals who are divorced.

, there were 10 households that consist of only one person and 10 households with five or more people. , a total of 46 apartments (66.7% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 18 apartments (26.1%) were seasonally occupied and 5 apartments (7.2%) were empty. The vacancy rate for the municipality,, was 2.35%.

The historical population is given in the following chart:

Sights
The entire village of Champoz is designated as part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites.

Politics
In the 2011 federal election the most popular party was the Swiss People's Party (SVP) which received 60.8% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the Conservative Democratic Party (BDP) (8.6%), the Evangelical People's Party (EVP) (8%) and the Christian Social Party (CSP) (8%). In the federal election, a total of 80 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 64.0%.

Economy
, Champoz had an unemployment rate of 1.79%. , there were a total of 41 people employed in the municipality. Of these, there were 32 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 12 businesses involved in this sector. 3 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 2 businesses in this sector. 6 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 3 businesses in this sector. There were 65 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 35.4% of the workforce.

there were a total of 30 full-time equivalent jobs. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 21, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 3 of which 1 was in manufacturing and 2 (66.7%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 6. In the tertiary sector; 2 or 33.3% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 2 or 33.3% were in a hotel or restaurant, 2 or 33.3% were in education.

, there were 11 workers who commuted into the municipality and 34 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 3.1 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. A total of 31 workers (73.8% of the 42 total workers in the municipality) both lived and worked in Champoz. Of the working population, 1.5% used public transportation to get to work, and 49.2% used a private car.

In 2011 the average local and cantonal tax rate on a married resident of Champoz making 150,000 CHF was 12.4%, while an unmarried resident's rate was 18.2%. For comparison, the average rate for the entire canton in 2006 was 13.9% and the nationwide rate was 11.6%. In 2009 there were a total of 56 tax payers in the municipality. Of that total, 20 made over 75,000 CHF per year. There was one person who made between 15,000 and 20,000 per year. The average income of the over 75,000 CHF group in Champoz was 133,815 CHF, while the average across all of Switzerland was 130,478 CHF.

Religion
From the, 75 or 49.7% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church, while 8 or 5.3% were Roman Catholic. Of the rest of the population, there were 85 individuals (or about 56.29% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 1 individual who belonged to another church. 8 (or about 5.30% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 16 individuals (or about 10.60% of the population) did not answer the question.

Education
In Champoz about 64.5% of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 7.9% have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 7 who had completed some form of tertiary schooling listed in the census, 71.4% were Swiss men, 28.6% were Swiss women.

The Canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend additional schooling or they may enter an apprenticeship.

During the 2011–12 school year, there were a total of 12 students attending classes in Champoz. There were no kindergarten classes in the municipality. The municipality had one primary class and 12 students. Of the primary students, 8.3% have a different mother language than the classroom language.

, there were a total of 38 students attending any school in the municipality. Of those, 27 both lived and attended school in the municipality, while 11 students came from another municipality. During the same year, 15 residents attended schools outside the municipality.

title: Champoz