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Outdoor literature

Outdoor literature is a literature genre about or involving the outdoors. Outdoor literature encompasses several different subgenres including exploration literature, adventure literature, mountain literature and nature writing. Another subgenre is the guide book, an early example of which was Thomas West's guide to the Lake District published in 1778. The genres can include activities such as exploration, survival, sailing, hiking, mountaineering, whitewater boating, geocaching or kayaking, or writing about nature and the environment. Travel literature is similar to outdoor literature but differs in that it does not always deal with the out-of-doors, but there is a considerable overlap between these genres, in particular with regard to long journeys.

History
Henry David Thoreau's Walden (1854) is an early and influential work. Although not entirely an outdoor work (he lived in a cabin close to civilization) he expressed the ideas of why people go out into the wilderness to camp, backpack and hike: to get away from the rush of modern society and simplify life. This was a new perspective for the time and thus Walden has had a lasting influence on most outdoor authors.

"Thoreau's careful observations and devastating conclusions have rippled into time, becoming stronger as the weaknesses Thoreau noted have become more pronounced […] Events that seem to be completely unrelated to his stay at Walden Pond have been influenced by it, including the national park system, the British labour movement, the creation of India, the civil rights movement, the hippie revolution, the environmental movement, and the wilderness movement. Today, Thoreau's words are quoted with feeling by liberals, socialists, anarchists, libertarians, and conservatives alike."

- Ken Kifer

Robert Louis Stevenson's Travels with a Donkey in the Cévennes (1879), about his travels in Cévennes (France), is among the first popular books to present hiking and camping as recreational activities, and tells of commissioning one of the first sleeping bags.

In the world of sailing Frank Cowper's Sailing Tours (1892–1896) and Joshua Slocum's Sailing Alone Around the World (1900) are classics of outdoor literature.

In April 1895, Joshua Slocum set sail from Boston, Massachusetts and in Sailing Alone Around the World, he described his departure:

"I had resolved on a voyage around the world, and as the wind on the morning of April 24, 1895 was fair, at noon I weighed anchor, set sail, and filled away from Boston, where the Spray had been moored snugly all winter. […] A thrilling pulse beat high in me. My step was light on deck in the crisp air. I felt there could be no turning back, and that I was engaging in an adventure the meaning of which I thoroughly understood."

More than three years later, on June 27, 1898, he returned to Newport, Rhode Island, having circumnavigated the world, a distance of more than 46,000 miles (74,000 km).

The National Outdoor Book Award was established in 1997 as a US-based non-profit program which each year honours the best in outdoor writing and publishing.

Outdoor classics

 * 19th century

 * John MacGregor (1866). A Thousand Miles in a Rob Roy Canoe. Considered the first documentation of recreational canoeing.

 * Edward Whymper (1871). Scrambles Amongst the Alps in the Years 1860–1869.
 * Mark Twain (1872). Roughing It. Part real part fiction, classic account of life in the American Old West.
 * Frank Cowper (1892–1896). Sailing Tours. A classic of single-handed cruising.
 * Walter Weston (1896). Mountaineering and Exploration in the Japanese Alps.
 * 20th century
 * John Muir, (1911). My First Summer in the Sierra.

 * Grey Owl (1935). Pilgrims of the Wild. About Grey Owl's life in the wilds of Canada.
 * Gontran de Poncins (1939). Kabloona. French adventurer living with Eskimos in the late 1930s.

 * Maurice Herzog (1951). Annapurna: Conquest of the First 8000-metre Peak. Probably the most influential mountaineering expedition book.
 * Wallace Stegner (1954). Beyond the Hundredth Meridian: John Wesley Powell and the Second Opening of the West.

 * Alfred Lansing (1959). Endurance: Shackleton's Incredible Voyage.
 * John Hillaby, Journey to the Jade Sea (1964); Journey through Britain; Journey through Europe; Journey to the Gods (1991). Accounts of various long distance walks.
 * Edward Abbey (1968) Desert Solitaire
 * Colin Fletcher (1968) The Complete Walker
 * Annie Dillard, (1974) Pilgrim at Tinker Creek
 * Patrick Leigh Fermor, A Time of Gifts (1977); Between the Woods and the Water (1986); The Broken Road (2013). A trilogy describing a walk across Europe.
 * Nan Shepherd, (1977). The Living Mountain.
 * Jon Krakauer (1990s). Into the Wild, Into Thin Air.
 * Joe Simpson, Touching the Void (1988). Mountain climbing in the Andes.
 * 21st century
 * Jim Perrin, Spirits of Place (1997); The Climbing Essays (2006); West: A Journey through the Landscapes of Loss (2010). A rock climber and travel writer.
 * Bill McKibben (2005) Wandering Home. Also: The End of Nature (1989)
 * Rory Stewart, The Places in Between (2006). A walk across Afghanistan in 2002, after the Russians had left.
 * Cheryl Strayed, Wild: From Lost to Found on the Pacific Crest Trail (2013). Describes the grueling life of the long-distance hiker, the perils of the PCT, and its peculiar community of wanderers.
 * Robert Macfarlane, Mountains of the Mind: A History of a Fascination; The Wild Places; The Old Ways: A Journey on Foot (2012). He is one of a number of recent British writers who have provoked a new critical and popular interest in writing about landscape.

title: Outdoor literature


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Chris Johnson (footballer, born 1976)

Christopher Lloyd Johnson (born 30 May 1976) is a former professional Australian rules footballer.

His career highlights as an Australian Football League (AFL) player include three premierships with Brisbane, All-Australian selection, captain of the Australian International Rules team and inclusion in the Indigenous Team of the Century.

Johnson was one of eight players to transfer to Brisbane when Fitzroy's AFL operations were taken over by the Brisbane Bears to form the Brisbane Lions and became the last Fitzroy Lion to play in the AFL.

After retiring from playing professionally, Johnson started coaching and played and coached Essendon District Football League team Avondale Heights Football Club between 2010 and 2012.

His son Lachlan Johnson was drafted to the Essendon Football Club in the 2019 rookie draft.

He now plays for his junior club, Jacana.

Early life
Johnson grew up in Jacana, a northern suburb of Melbourne. He played for the Northern Under 18 side in the TAC Cup, including their 1993 Grand Final winning team, when he kicked 7 goals.

AFL career
Johnson began his professional AFL career with Fitzroy in 1994. He was awarded a nomination in the 1994 AFL Rising Star award in round 21.

He was one of eight players allowed to transfer to Brisbane when Fitzroy's AFL operations were taken over by the Brisbane Bears to form the Brisbane Lions. His career highlights include three premierships with Brisbane, All-Australian selection and inclusion in the Indigenous Team of the Century.

Johnson is renowned for his creative play and composure running out of defence. Nevertheless, his 2007 preseason saw him playing as regularly in the forward line and the midfield as a defender, signalling the club's intention to use him as an impact player.

Johnson was appointed co-captain of the Lions in 2007, alongside Simon Black, Luke Power, Jonathan Brown, and Nigel Lappin.

On 31 August 2007, Johnson announced that he would retire from football at the end of the season. He was the last former Fitzroy Lion still playing in the AFL.

International rules series 2005
In the 2005 International Rules series, Johnson was named co-captain along with Andrew McLeod. In the second game of the series, Johnson started a brawl by clothes line tackling (or "coat hanger") Philip Jordan and striking Mattie Forde. He was suspended for five matches after pleading guilty to striking, ruling him out until the second Test in 2008.

Coaching career
Following his AFL career, he remained involved in the game.

He became a runner for the Brisbane Lions, appearing in Round 11 against Fremantle Dockers.

Then he shifted into coaching. On Friday 14 September 2007, Johnson signed on with the club as a full-time development coach for the Brisbane Lions. His job is to continue to assist in the development of the club's young playing list in the new position and to show off field leadership. He was promoted to assistant coach to Michael Voss.

He coached Brisbane school and AFL powerhouse St Peters Lutheran College for two years, posting a 10–0 record over his two-year tenure as the head coach for the opens team. They captured the 2007 and 2008 AIC AFL Premiership after defeating Iona College in the Grand Final on both occasions, before the competition was abandoned due to an increase of in game fights. In 2008, the school defeated Cairns school Djarragun College at the Gabba, before the Lions-Saints game, in an exhibition match to promote the AFL's indigenous round.

In February 2009, Johnson coached the Indigenous All-Stars to victory against Adelaide in Darwin.

In 2011 he was appointed the Australian Institute of Sport/AFL Level One Academy Coach.

Statistics

! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1994 ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1995 ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1996 ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1997 ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1998 ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1999 ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2000 ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2001 ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2002 ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2003 ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2004 ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2005 ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2006 ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2007 ! colspan=3| Career ! 264 ! 172 ! 126 ! 2268 ! 1359 ! 3627 ! 1053 ! 526 ! 0.7 ! 0.5 ! 8.6 ! 5.1 ! 13.7 ! 4.0 ! 2.0
 * - style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
 * - style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
 * style="text-align:center;"|
 * 2 || 17 || 23 || 19 || 132 || 71 || 203 || 49 || 34 || 1.4 || 1.1 || 7.8 || 4.2 || 11.9 || 2.9 || 2.0
 * style="text-align:center;"|
 * 2 || 20 || 25 || 18 || 142 || 79 || 221 || 57 || 42 || 1.3 || 0.9 || 7.1 || 4.0 || 11.1 || 2.9 || 2.1
 * - style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
 * style="text-align:center;"|
 * 2 || 22 || 19 || 15 || 213 || 176 || 389 || 76 || 85 || 0.9 || 0.7 || 9.7 || 8.0 || 17.7 || 3.5 || 3.9
 * style="text-align:center;"|
 * 2 || 19 || 11 || 12 || 160 || 65 || 225 || 56 || 33 || 0.6 || 0.6 || 8.4 || 3.4 || 11.8 || 2.9 || 1.7
 * - style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
 * style="text-align:center;"|
 * 2 || 14 || 20 || 14 || 87 || 46 || 133 || 42 || 16 || 1.4 || 1.0 || 6.2 || 3.3 || 9.5 || 3.0 || 1.1
 * style="text-align:center;"|
 * 2 || 20 || 25 || 14 || 121 || 52 || 173 || 55 || 24 || 1.3 || 0.7 || 6.1 || 2.6 || 8.7 || 2.8 || 1.2
 * - style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
 * style="text-align:center;"|
 * 2 || 21 || 6 || 4 || 159 || 121 || 280 || 84 || 24 || 0.3 || 0.2 || 7.6 || 5.8 || 13.3 || 4.0 || 1.1
 * style="text-align:center;"|
 * 2 || 21 || 4 || 9 || 234 || 137 || 371 || 105 || 34 || 0.2 || 0.4 || 11.1 || 6.5 || 17.7 || 5.0 || 1.6
 * - style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
 * style="text-align:center;"|
 * 2 || 22 || 7 || 3 || 203 || 114 || 317 || 103 || 47 || 0.3 || 0.1 || 9.2 || 5.2 || 14.4 || 4.7 || 2.1
 * style="text-align:center;"|
 * 2 || 21 || 9 || 2 || 185 || 126 || 311 || 91 || 44 || 0.4 || 0.1 || 8.8 || 6.0 || 14.8 || 4.3 || 2.1
 * - style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
 * style="text-align:center;"|
 * 2 || 25 || 3 || 4 || 221 || 164 || 385 || 117 || 51 || 0.1 || 0.2 || 8.8 || 6.6 || 15.4 || 4.7 || 2.0
 * style="text-align:center;"|
 * 2 || 22 || 6 || 5 || 243 || 123 || 366 || 122 || 48 || 0.3 || 0.2 || 11.0 || 5.6 || 16.6 || 5.5 || 2.2
 * - style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
 * style="text-align:center;"|
 * 2 || 8 || 3 || 1 || 77 || 38 || 115 || 34 || 19 || 0.4 || 0.1 || 9.6 || 4.8 || 14.4 || 4.3 || 2.4
 * style="text-align:center;"|
 * 2 || 12 || 11 || 6 || 91 || 47 || 138 || 62 || 25 || 0.9 || 0.5 || 7.6 || 3.9 || 11.5 || 5.2 || 2.1
 * - class="sortbottom"
 * }

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Chris Johnson (footballer, born 1976)


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Category:Outdoor literature

Articles in the Outdoor literature genre.

See also Category:non-fiction outdoors writers

title: Category:Outdoor literature


text: User talk:68.49.120.49

title: User talk:68.49.120.49


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Talk:Stuck Together, Torn Apart

Untitled
It's an episode! RyanCahn My goodness! Is it? Grover

Cultural reference
When Peter and Lois are arguing, Peter says, ""I love too much!" and "Can't you see Lois, we're alive! Dance the dance of life with me!" and proceeds to dance in a way that has to be seen to be believed. This is obviously a cult reference of some kind, I'm guessing an emotional moment in an old movie; does anyone know where it's from? boiled_elephant 02:14, 10 September 2006 (UTC)--

"Don't you see Louis? We're alive!...Embrace the fear. Dance with me Louis. Dance the dance of life!" (Peter then crashed into the cupboard). Does this quote have any cultural references? I feel as though I've heard the line before...in a movie, perhaps? If there is a cultural reference, please add it into the page. Thanxs! =D  Jumping cheese  Contact 05:51, 30 September 2006 (UTC)

Jennifer Love Hewitt
Perhaps there should be a refference to the fact that Hewitt was already mentioned in He's Too Sexy for His Fat.--Nauki 15:15, 4 February 2007 (UTC)

It rubs the lotion
""It rubs the lotion on its skin or else it gets the hose again!," a line (though Stewie says "rubs" instead of "puts")"
 * Why would Stewie say "puts"? The line in the movie is "It rubs the lotion..." Festivalimport 03:14, 12 March 2007 (UTC)

It's Higgins
I never actually saw Magnum P.I. But it's mentioned in this episode as Peter is watching it, and the one character keeps getting called "Tattoo" any significance to this?

YouTube/Copyright Infringement
Why is the scene with Stewie jumping on the bed a copyright infringement problem? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.239.51.49 (talk) 02:06, 26 December 2008 (UTC)

Tickling a midget in a tree
Anyone know what the guy tickling a midget in a tree ("Teehee!") is from? Antisora 12:47, 23 July 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:FGStuckTogetherTornApart.png
Image:FGStuckTogetherTornApart.png is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 21:27, 13 February 2008 (UTC)
 * Ah christ, could you leave those pictures alone already? TheBlazikenMaster (talk) 21:39, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Stuck Together, Torn Apart


text: Template:User C-3

title: Template:User C-3


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Talk:Carlo Mollino

Untitled
The significance of this person needs to be better explained. --Jacqui M Schedler 01:48, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
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title: Talk:Carlo Mollino


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Honda CB450

The Honda CB450 is a standard motorcycle made by Honda from 1965 to 1974 with a 444 cc 180° DOHC straight-twin engine. Producing 45 bhp (some 100 bhp/ litre), it was Honda's first "big" motorcycle, though it did not succeed in its goal of competing directly against the larger Triumphs, Nortons, and Harley-Davidsons in the North American market at the time. As a result, Honda tried again, leading to the development of the four cylinder Honda CB750 that marked a turning point for Honda and beginning of the "superbike" era of motorcycles.

Design
The CB450 had a distinctive chrome-sided fuel tank, and shared Honda's 'family' styling found elsewhere on the S90 and CD175. Early models were known as the 'Black Bomber', or 'Dragon', but in Canada the K1 model was marketed as the 'Hellcat'.

The four-speed K0 model was updated in the K1 model produced from 1968 with a redesigned fuel tank, rubber-gaitered front forks instead of sliding metal shrouds, a five-speed gearbox and twin speedometer and rev-counter instruments mounted above the headlamp.

Later developments progressed through a series of 'K' models with various improvements and styling changes including a single front disc brake, continuing to K7 versions in some markets, until the introduction of the CB500T in 1975.

Release
The Mk.I 'Black Bomber' was first shown in UK during the Diamond Jubilee Brighton Speed Trials of September 1965, traditionally held along the seafront. The bike was newly imported and its engine was not run-in, yet in a semi-competition demonstration sprint, the CB450, ridden by Allan Robinson, MBE (a Honda staff member), achieved a standing-start kilometre time of 30.1 seconds and a terminal speed of 100 mph. Afterwards, the CB450 was exhibited at a motorcycle show at the Brighton Metropole Hotel exhibition centre.

In December 1965, the UK magazine Motor Cycle reported that UK sales were planned from February 1966, its price of £360 being the equivalent cost to a conventional British 650cc pushrod parallel-twin.

In a further publicity event, Honda (UK) entered Mike Hailwood as one of the riders in the Motor Cycle 500 mile production race at Brands Hatch during July 1966. However, Hailwood was able to complete only some demonstration laps on the CB450 before racing began, as it was barred from competing in the 500cc category, because the FIM had deemed that it "could not be classified as a production machine as it had two overhead camshafts"!

Although the CB450's sales never matched Honda's expectations, the bike had excellent engineering for the time, including reliable electrical components, an electric starter, and a horizontally split crankcase, all features distinct from current British twins. A radical feature was the valve springing: instead of the conventional coil springs, it used 'torsion bars' – rods of steel that twisted to provide the spring effect.

Follow on development of Honda CB750
When it became clear that the CB450 did not have the size and power to compete in the US market directly against Triumph, Norton, and Harley-Davidson's large-displacement models, Honda shifted its focus, starting development in early 1967 of what would eventually become the milestone Honda CB750. Company President Soichiro Honda ended the successful Grand Prix racing program, announcing Honda's withdrawal from racing in 1968 because it had become a distraction from production motorcycle development.

American Honda's national service manager Bob Hansen later discussed his role in the decision to switch from initial plans for an all new, but still twin-cylinder, CB450, to the inline four of the CB750. Hansen had displayed in his office a September 16, 1968 letter from Honda R&D crediting him with changing Mr. Honda's plans for a twin to a four cylinder. Within North American Honda, Hansen's recollection of these events became well known, that in 1967 he visited Japan and toured a Honda R&D facility, where he became intrigued because he was not allowed to enter the facility's engine testing area for "Project 300", as the successor of the CB450 was known. Hansen said he surmised that Honda was at work attempting to adapt Honda's largest car engine, the 598 cc twin of the Honda N600 to the new motorcycle, though at about 45 hp, it was scarcely more powerful than the CB450. Acting on this guess, Hansen mentioned to Soichiro Honda he hoped the new engine would not be a twin, since twins were becoming dated, and would be uncompetitive against the likes of Triumph, who were about to release a triple. The letter in Hansen's office verified that Honda had been testing a twin and changed to a four at the American's suggestion, without ever addressing Hansen's guess that the twin came from the N600 kei car. Nonetheless, the rumor that the N600 was somehow related to the CB750 or even the CB450 traces its origins to Hansen's anecdote.

title: Honda CB450


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Earl Kenneth Shriner

Earl Kenneth Shriner is an American criminal who in 1990 was convicted of first-degree attempted murder, first-degree rape and first-degree assault of seven-year-old Ryan Alan Hade and sentenced to 131 years' imprisonment.

Criminal record
Shriner, who was described by criminologist Michael Petrunik as "a slightly retarded man with a bizarre physical appearance", had a long history of sadistic sexual assaults but only one conviction. Petrunik explained, "Shriner was in the community without supervision because his sentence had expired and a judge had ruled that he did not meet the stringent 'imminent danger' criteria necessary for commitment under the State's mental health laws."

In 1966, 16-year-old Shriner was detained on suspicion of strangling a seven-year-old girl. He instead led police to the body of a developmentally disabled 15-year-old girl whom he had also strangled. He was sentenced to ten years but committed as a "defective delinquent" to a hospital and not convicted of a crime. Between 1977 and 1987, while serving a 10-year sentence for abducting and assaulting two 16-year-old girls, Shriner repeatedly disclosed fantasies and detailed plans of how he would kidnap, confine, and torture his victims.

Sexually violent predator legislation
In May 1989, Shriner committed his final sexual assault. The attack, in which Shriner raped and emasculated 7-year-old Ryan Alan Hade, caused widespread outrage and is one of the catalysts for the creation of laws allowing indefinite confinement of sex offenders. Outraged citizens formed victims' advocacy group the Tennis Shoe Brigade. The group, named for its demand that the public be free to walk the streets in safety, rallied for toughening the laws and pressured Washington governor Booth Gardner. The Washington state legislature unanimously enacted the first "sexual predator" law, allowing perpetrators of any sexual crime to be imprisoned indefinitely if experts attest they have a "mental abnormality" indicating high risk of future sex offenses. A pivotal part of the state's 1990 Community Protection Act, this legislation was adopted by many other U.S. states. Many were outraged that Shriner, a dangerous sexual predator, had been allowed to live in anonymity prior to the attack on Hade and some thought that it could have been avoided if locals had been aware of Shriner's criminal history. As a result, the Community Protection Act created the state's sex offender registry, the first of its kind available to the public, and required community notification of the presence of the state's most dangerous sex offenders.

Animal abuse
Shriner was also cited by PETA in their campaign against animal abuse as an example of notorious criminals that started torturing animals long before turning to children. The Animals' Voice describes him as "being widely known in his neighborhood as the man who put firecrackers in dogs' rectums and strung up cats".

title: Earl Kenneth Shriner


text:
Near net shape

Near-net-shape is an industrial manufacturing technique. As the name implies, the initial production of the item is very close to the final, or net, shape. This reduces the need for surface finishing. By minimizing the use of finishing methods like machining or grinding, near-net-shape production eliminates more than two-thirds of the production costs in some industries.

Processes
The following are various near-net-shape processes categorized by material.

Ceramics

 * Gelcasting
 * Ceramic injection molding
 * Spray forming
 * Structural ceramic production

Composites

 * Lanxide process

Plastics

 * Injection moulding
 * Rapid prototyping

Metals

 * Casting
 * Permanent mold casting
 * Powder metallurgy
 * Linear friction welding
 * Friction welding
 * Metal injection molding
 * Rapid prototyping
 * Spray forming
 * Superplastic forming
 * Cold forming
 * Semi-solid metal casting
 * Photochemical machining
 * Hot isostatic pressing

title: Near net shape


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Jennifer Carpenter

Jennifer Carpenter (born December 7, 1979) is an American actress who is known for her role as Debra Morgan in the Showtime series Dexter, for which she earned a Saturn Award in 2009, and also for playing Rebecca Harris in the CBS television series Limitless.

In 2019, she played Erica Shepherd, the lead role in the NBC drama The Enemy Within. In 2020, Carpenter voiced Sonya Blade in the direct-to-video martial arts film Mortal Kombat Legends: Scorpion's Revenge (2020), a role she reprised in the sequel Mortal Kombat Legends: Battle of the Realms (2021).

Early life
Carpenter was born in Louisville, Kentucky, the daughter of Catherine (née Mitchell) and Robert Carpenter. She attended St. Raphael the Archangel and then Sacred Heart Academy. She trained at the Walden Theatre Conservatory program, and later at New York City's Juilliard School (Drama Division Group 31: 1998–2002).

Before graduation, she was cast in the 2002 Broadway revival of Arthur Miller's The Crucible starring Liam Neeson and Laura Linney.

Career
Carpenter first attracted critical attention for her performance in The Exorcism of Emily Rose. She took home the 2006 MTV Movie Award for "Best Frightened Performance", and received a "Hollywood Life Breakthrough Award". She was named "Breakout Performer" at the 2006 Scream Awards.

In 2008, she starred in Quarantine, an American remake of the 2007 Spanish horror film [REC], about a deadly zombie virus outbreak in an apartment complex.

Carpenter played the role of Debra Morgan in the Showtime crime drama television series Dexter, which premiered October 1, 2006. Her portrayal of the title character's adoptive sister impressed a number of critics, with Australian journalist Jack Marx describing her portrayal of "cool and clumsy" Debra as "so perfect that many viewers appear to have mistaken the character's flaws for the actor's."

In 2011, she starred in the off-Broadway play Gruesome Playground Injuries at Second Stage Theatre and had a guest appearance on the CBS drama The Good Wife.

In January 2014, it was announced that Carpenter would star in a new ABC drama Sea of Fire, playing FBI Agent Leah Pierce. However, the show was not picked up as a series. In August 2014, it was announced that she would provide the voice of Juli Kidman in the survival horror video game The Evil Within, marking her first video game appearance. The game was released in October 2014, and Carpenter provided voicework for two of The Evil Within's DLC chapters, "The Assignment" and "The Consequence", which featured Juli Kidman as the playable protagonist. However, Carpenter did not reprise the role in the game's sequel, The Evil Within 2, and her character was recast.

In early 2015, Carpenter was cast in the CBS drama series Limitless in which she co-starred with Jake McDorman.

On July 13, 2021, Showtime confirmed that Carpenter would reprise her role of Debra Morgan in a 10-episode limited series, Dexter: New Blood, with Clyde Phillips returning as showrunner. The series premiered on November 7, 2021.

Personal life
In 2007, she began dating her Dexter co-star Michael C. Hall. They eloped on New Year's Eve 2008 in California and publicly appeared together for the first time as a married couple at the 66th Golden Globe Awards in January 2009. In December 2010, Hall and Carpenter released a statement announcing that they had filed for divorce, citing irreconcilable differences, after having been separated "for some time". The divorce was finalized in December 2011; the two remain very close friends.

On February 10, 2015, it was announced that Carpenter and musician Seth Avett were engaged and expecting their first child. In May 2015 Carpenter gave birth to a son. She had been eight-and-a-half months pregnant when shooting the pilot episode of Limitless. Carpenter and Avett married in May 2016.

title: Jennifer Carpenter


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Talk:Charles Chaput

This page should be merged with the entry "Archbishop Charles Joseph Chaput"

proposed move
This page has significant history before it became a redirect. It was once a separate article, merged into Charles J. Chaput after discussion. In light of that history i am declining the speedy deletion tag and not performing the suggested move from Charles J. Chaput to Charles Chaput until a consensus develops after discussion on the relevant talk page. DES (talk) 20:18, 26 July 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Charles Chaput


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List of prime ministers of Belarus

This is a list of prime ministers of Belarus since the Belarusian declaration of independence in 1918.

Chairmen of the Council of Ministers
Following the fall of the Belarusian People's Republic, the Rada went into exile—first to Vilnius to 1925, then to Prague before settling in Canada.

title: List of prime ministers of Belarus


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kate McMillan

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was No consensus. Fernando Rizo T/C 22:33, 8 September 2005 (UTC)

Kate McMillan

 * Non-notable. Person in question appears to want it deleted, per message left on my talk page. Delete. Andre ( talk ) 01:55, September 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete I read the talk page message, it looks like some sort of blogging feud/rivalry has spilled onto Wikipedia. Delete as NN and/or attack page. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  03:21, September 1, 2005 (UTC)

MsMcMillan seeks noteriety with her blog... she does regular interviews for media outlets in Canada on the subject of blogging... she was recently quoted in at least 2 if not 3 mainstream daily publications in a contreversey surrounding Marc Emery

The real problem is Ms.McMillan does not like not having control over her own public relations.

She has made the comments that were attributed to her, re Angolans in Africa and Aboriginals, and their children needing to be "locked up" or put into residential schools

FWIW... I think racism, such as Ms.McMillan exhibits over and over again.. (see various discussions about her over at the Cannabis Culture Forum) needs to be documented and discussed, and people in Canada should be aware of what they are getting when they vote for a party of people who openly condone and support racists.

If there is anything factually incorrect with the entry about Ms.McMillan then she should be free to edit the entry like every other Wikipedian... and not just wipe out her contreversial statements when they cause her a problem, which they seem to be doing, as more media in the last week were alerted to her Angolan comments and various comments about Canada's indigenous people.

Lastly... what is Mike Brock and Ezra Levant doing with entries... when Ms.McMillan is not? Perhaps some of the progressive bloggers might be induced to comment on this. Somena 05:04, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. According to the Truth Laid Bear ratings, the Small Dead Animals blog is at least semi-notable with 3930 visits a day and 113th in links so there is a case for it staying. However, the article needs to seriously cleaned up in terms of NPOV and wider significance needs to be shown. User Somena seems to have serious POV problems in relation to this article. Capitalistroadster 05:50, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Somena is most likely correct when she says that we are voting on this VfD because McMillan "does not like not having control over her own public relations". Alexa rank is negligible (>100,000), but McMillan seems to be notable -- "Ms. McMillan was called an "inspiring friend" by conservative MP Monte Solberg, the opposition finance critic. She is the paid administrator of "The Shotgun", the on-line blog of the hard-right-of-center magazine Western Standard." Other reasons for notability are discussed on starblind's talk page, it seems. Having just tried to broker a compromise between warring bloggers, I sympathise with those who will have to negotiate between the blog-warring factions here. Sdedeo 06:51, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, but less NPOV McMillan passes the notability test. She is on the radio alot (more than Mike Brock, another Canadian blogger who went through VfD and remained).  She also seems to be quoted in the newspaper alot as a "blogging authority."  Editors should also keep in mind the  Systemic Bias that has been identified in Wikipedia against entries that are non-American.  Bloggers generally are more notable and have a greater cultural role in Canada than elsewhere.  For more info see Canadian blogosphere.--Simon.Pole 08:27, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Notable person in Canada DV8 2XL 12:18, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep- the Mike Brock comparison is apt. Ezra Levant however, is a syndicated columnist, and thus much more notable than either.--Scimitar parley 14:27, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - This person seems to be Wiki-worthy. UniReb 21:08, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - Just Google 'KKKate' and you'll see that Somena (Meaghan Walker-Williams, aka Edward T. Bear, aka numerous other sock puppets) is pursuing a personal vendetta against McMillan. Read the history of the page to see McMillans comments, which are substantially correct. Colby Cosh is a far better known Canadian blogger and not listed in Wikipedia.--Jtk3 22:02, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * this is Jtk3's first and only edit. User Account was created immediately prior to this edit.  For a list of other Canadian Bloggers listed in Wikipedia, please see Category: Canadian bloggers.

 * Comment I have actually been to this blog, which in and of itself practically makes this wikiworthy, given the minutely small number of blogs I have ever bothered to read. I am troubled, however, that the entry is currently being used to promote an anti-Tory political agenda - per Somena and her assertions - which is an outright violation.  If its stands as is, with its baiting content (the Solberg quote is loaded, as is the controversy) - i.e. no one is willing to bother to rewerite it as part of this AfD process, then it should be Deleted until it is authored in a manner that conforms to NPOV, or else merged to the cdn blogger list. Dottore So 01:44, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. McMillan seems quite convinced of her notability in this newspaper article: . I'll happily rewrite the article out of sheer bloodymindedness if it survives. Sdedeo 02:06, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

(note on JTK3 commentator above, Mr.John T Kennedy and his wife Lynnette Warren's only contribution to Wikipedia prior to this entry has been to vandalize a page dealing with Somena. See here and here )

Why is it *anti-tory* to point out what this woman has said including links to the comments and screen captures to prove she said it. Monte Solberg doesn't have a problem with people knowing about his relationship/inspiring friendship with her... or that it is well known... he has on 3 separate occasions promoted her blog on his website, and also in an interview by Blogging Tories Blog Alliance owner Stephen Taylor which was podcast on the internet.

If the Tories are comfortable with somebody like McMillan in their ranks, it seems a little unreasonable for them say people drawing attention to their involvement, association and promotion of this woman is "unfair" or partisan.

I personally don't vote. I don't belong to any politcal party. I'm actually libertarian... and I could care less which political party is running the country... they are all crooks as far as I am concerned. But I do think Canadians should be able to see the kinds of views and positions of "tories" who openly advocate these sorts of things on-line and be made aware of what they are voting for, and what they can expect from these people if they should ever achieve power.

For instance... would it be "NPOV" to build an entry about former Canadian Alliance MP Jim Pankiw, who made several remarkable derogatory comments about Aboriginals among other things? What about to draw reference to Stephen Harper's infamous remarks about contreversial "Atlantic Canada" or the Firewall around Albert? Is it NPOV to have an entry about Svend Robinson's shoplifting? Would it be wrong to have an entry about David Ahenakew's anti-semetic remarks? Would it be NPOV to have a mention on Michelle Malkin's entry, about her defence of internment for Japanese?

No. It wouldn't and it isn't See all the entries above. These are remarkable events, and remarkable commentaries by various personalities who crave noteriety and drawing attention to themselves.

McMillan says on her own blogpage that the reason she chooses a "dead gopher" on her website graphic is because it's a reminder to people that she is not afraid of saying offensive things. In fact, that's a big part of why she blogs according to interviews she has given... she enjoys saying contreversial and un-politically correct things. Context is important in all this.

Yes... my entry on McMillan is biased. If somebody wants to present the information about her in a non-biased format... that's what Wikipedia does and is for i.e. several people add and subtract, delete and modify until the page is the most correct and neutral. But notice that's not what the subject Kate McMillan wants. She wants the facts about her to not be referrenced or linked to. She wants to have all control over what is being said about her. And if she can't have it that way... she demands that nobody say anything about her at all. Now considering McMillan's recent remarks on her blog about Marc Emery, and how she went out of her way to make sure that as many people as possible found out about contreversial statements by Mr.Emery, I find it remarkable that she would object to getting the same treatment, because of her own contreversial remarks.

Somena 02:40, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * A brief riposte. Some of your points cited as supporting examples I agree with, but then I think we are dealing with something that is different in both kind and specie.  Ahenakew, for example, was elevated to the Order of Canada, and then expelled after his anti-semitic remarks.  In an encyclopedic treatment of Ahenakew, therefore, that is important.  Your other examples are equally disingenuous. Robinson was an elected MP (hence notable) and resigned due to the  incident you mentioned.    All the others are MPs, too, for that matter.  Ms. McMillan is barely noteworthy at all.  To single out her comments about race, etc... is, in my view, very tendentious since it implies a notability through controversy which does not exist.  Also, a small point, but why should anyone be coming here for political commentary at all.  Pour la politesse aux autres, you may wish to respond to any direct points on my talk page, instead of clogging up the AfD. Fwiw, I vote Bloc, so I am not being an apologist here. ;) Dottore So 03:32, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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ETFE

Ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) is a fluorine-based plastic. It was designed to have high corrosion resistance and strength over a wide temperature range. ETFE is a polymer and its source-based name is poly(ethene-co-tetrafluoroethene). It is also known under the DuPont brand name Tefzel and is sometimes referred to as 'Teflon Film'. ETFE has a relatively high melting temperature and excellent chemical, electrical and high-energy radiation resistance properties.

Properties
Useful comparison tables of PTFE against FEP, PFA and ETFE can be found on DuPont's website, listing the mechanical, thermal, chemical and electrical properties of each, side by side. ETFE is effectively the high-strength version of the other three in this group.

ETFE film is self-cleaning (due to its nonstick properties) and recyclable. As a film for roofing it can be stretched and still be taut if some variation in size, such as that caused by thermal expansion, were to occur. Employing heat welding, tears can be repaired with a patch or multiple sheets assembled into larger panels.

ETFE has an approximate tensile strength of 42 MPa (6100 psi), with a working temperature range of 89 K to 423 K (−185 °C to +150 °C or −300 °F to +300 °F).

ETFE resins are resistant to ultraviolet light. An artificial weathering test (comparable to 30 years’ exposure) produced no filtering and almost no signs of film deterioration.

ETFE systems can control light transmission through the application of plasma coatings, varnishes or printed frit patterns. Thermal and acoustic insulation can be incorporated into an ETFE structure via the use of multi-layer systems which use low-pressure air pumps to create ETFE "cushions". For instance u value of ETFE single layer, double and three layers are approximately: 5.6, 2.5 and 1.9 W/m2.k respectively while concerning g value of etfe cushion or SHGC in ETFE systems it can vary between 0.2 to 0.95 using frits and for further info about SHGC in ETFE refer to

Applications
ETFE was developed by DuPont in the 1970s initially as a lightweight, heat resistant film in the aerospace industry. From its development it was largely used infrequently in agricultural and architectural projects. ETFE's first large-scale use architecturally came in 2001 at the Eden Project where ETFE was selected as it can be printed and layered to control solar conditions and because it was found to have a low friction coefficient, which saves on maintenance as dust and dirt do not stick.

An example of its use is as pneumatic panels to cover the outside of the football stadium Allianz Arena or the Beijing National Aquatics Centre (a.k.a. the Water Cube of the 2008 Olympics) – the world's largest structure made of ETFE film (laminate). The panels of the Eden Project are also made from ETFE, and the Tropical Islands have a 20,000 m2 window made from this translucent material.

Another key use of ETFE is for the covering of electrical and fiber-optic wiring used in high-stress, low-fume-toxicity and high-reliability situations. Aircraft, spacecraft and motorsport wiring are primary examples. Some small cross-section wires like the wire used for the wire-wrap technique are coated with ETFE.

As a dual laminate, ETFE can be bonded with FRP as a thermoplastic liner and used in pipes, tanks, and vessels for additional corrosion protection.

ETFE is commonly used in the nuclear industry for tie or cable wraps and in the aviation and aerospace industries for wire coatings. This is because ETFE has better mechanical toughness than PTFE. In addition, ETFE exhibits a high-energy radiation resistance and can withstand moderately high temperatures for a long period. Commercially deployed brand names of ETFE include Tefzel by DuPont, Fluon by Asahi Glass Company, Neoflon ETFE by Daikin, and Texlon by Vector Foiltec. Sumitomo Electric developed an aluminium-ETFE composite marketed as Sumiflon-E (スミフロンE). Additionally, now a day the commercial use of architectural ETFE as skylight or facade materials has become very popular all over the world not only in Europe, in middle east for instance many shopping malls, sports and cultural mega venues developments has utilized ETFE for example recent huge greenhouse park development in Abu Dhabi (Mawasem Park - Green House - Abu Dhabi House) managed by Fabrix360 ETFE expert

Due to its high temperature resistance ETFE is also used in film mode as a mold-release film. ETFE film offered by Guarniflon or Airtech International and Honeywell is used in aerospace applications such as carbon fiber pre-preg curing as a release film for molds or hot high-pressure plates.

Notable buildings
Notable buildings and designs using ETFE as a significant architectural element:
 * Allianz Arena, Munich, GermanyUEFA Euro 2020 knockout phase - Belgium vs. Italy.jpg
 * Beijing National Aquatics Centre, (the Water Cube) Beijing, China
 * Eden Project, Cornwall, United Kingdom
 * Khan Shatyr Entertainment Center, Astana, Kazakhstan
 * National Space Centre, Leicester, United Kingdom
 * Cuauhtémoc Stadium, Puebla, México.
 * Midland Metropolitan University Hospital, Smethwick, Birmingham, United Kingdom
 * U.S. Bank Stadium, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
 * SoFi Stadium. Inglewood, California, USA
 * Allegiant Stadium, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA.
 * Hard Rock Stadium, Miami Gardens, Florida, United States
 * Banc of California Stadium. Los Angeles, California, United States
 * Avenues Phase-III, Al-Rai, Kuwait
 * Avenues Phase IV & IVB, Al-Rai, Kuwait
 * Dworzec Tramwajowy Centrum, tram station in Łódź, Poland.
 * Solaris, Clamart, France
 * Discovery College, Lantau Island, Hong Kong
 * Green 18, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong
 * Pavilion, Alnwick Castle, Alnwick, United Kingdom
 * BC Place, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,
 * River Culture Pavillon The ARC, Daegu, South Korea
 * Munich's municipal waste management department, Munich, Germany (2011)
 * Beijing National Stadium, Beijing, China
 * FestiveWalk, Resorts World at Sentosa, Singapore
 * Dolce Vita Tejo Shopping Centre, Amadora, Lisbon, Portugal
 * roof, dedicated underground rail station at the Heathrow Airport Terminal 5, London, United Kingdom
 * Manchester Victoria station concourse, Manchester, United Kingdom
 * Forsyth Barr Stadium at University Plaza, Dunedin, New Zealand
 * Islazul Shopping Centre, Madrid, Spain
 * Kansas City Power & Light District, Kansas City, Missouri, United States
 * South Campus skylight structures, Art Center College of Design, Pasadena, California, United States
 * Tanaka Business School, London, United KingdomRiver Culture Pavilion ETFE Facade.JPG
 * The Shed (Hudson Yards). Manhattan, New York, USA
 * Tropical Islands, Brandenburg, Germany
 * Barnsley Interchange, Barnsley, United Kingdom
 * The Mall Athens, Athens, Greece
 * Newport railway station, Newport, United Kingdom
 * The Elements, Livingston, United Kingdom
 * Experimental Media and Performing Arts Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, United States
 * Arena Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
 * Sandton City, Sandton, South Africa
 * Key West Shopping Centre, Krugersdorp, South Africa
 * Oceanus Casino, Macau, Special Administrative Region of China.
 * Masdar City, Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
 * ISS Building, Lancaster University
 * Empire City Casino, Yonkers, New York, United States
 * Institute of Technical Education, Singapore (2012)
 * The SSE Hydro, Glasgow, Scotland
 * Anaheim Regional Transportation Intermodal Center, California (12-13-14)
 * National Stadium, Singapore
 * Orto Botanico di Padova Biodiversity Garden roof, Padua, Italy
 * Guangzhou South Railway Station, China
 * Yujiapu Railway Station, China
 * Persian Garden, Iran Mall, Tehran, Iran
 * Anoeta Stadium, San Sebastian, Spain
 * Ed Kaplan Family Institute for Innovation and Tech Entrepreneurship, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois
 * Mercedes-Benz Stadium, Atlanta, Georgia (2017)
 * US Embassy ETFE Facade, London, UK (2017)Foto SEJKOT CIIRC CVUT.jpg in Prague has an ETFE-made façade]]

 * Czech Institute of Informatics, Robotics and Cybernetics, Prague, Czechia (2017)
 * Tron Lightcycle Power Run, Shanghai Disneyland, China (2017)
 * UQ Global Change Institute Living Building, Brisbane, Australia (2013)
 * Lakhta Center, St. Petersburg, Russia (2019)
 * Haneda Airport Terminal 2, International Flight Facilities, Tokyo, Japan (2020)
 * Macquarie University Arts Precinct ETFE Roof, Sydney, Australia (2020)
 * Hayward Field, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon (2020)
 * Rhodes Central Commercial Development, Sydney, Australia (2021)
 * Mawasem Park - Green House - Abu Dhabi (2022) ETFE green house.jpg

Under construction

 * Jungle Exhibit, Sedgwick County Zoo, Wichita, Kansas (2015), United States
 * West End Stadium, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
 * Dockside Pavilion, Sydney, Australia (2014)
 * Baku Olympic Stadium, Baku, Azerbaijan (2015)
 * Australian Embassy, Jakarta, Indonesia (2014)
 * Wharf Retail, Bluewaters Island, Dubai (2016)
 * Carlisle Railway Station, Carlisle, Cumbria (2017)
 * Oxigeno, San Francisco, Heredia Province, Costa Rica
 * Jakarta International Stadium, Jakarta, Indonesia
 * Primark Birmingham, UK
 * Boston Logan Airport (terminal E), Boston, Massachusetts (2021-2022)
 * Tron Lightcycle Power Run, Walt Disney World, US (2022)

title: ETFE


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File talk:LindholmServiceStation.jpg

I couldnt figure how to edit the credit line under the photo...the image was taken from http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/list/103_flw.html. --ScottyBoy900Q 01:55, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

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National Automatic Merchandising Association

The National Automatic Merchandising Association, or NAMA, is the American national trade association of the convenience services industry, including vending, micro markets, office coffee service, and foodservice management. Headquartered in Arlington, Virginia, NAMA represents more than 1,000 member companies, including hundreds of small businesses.

Leadership
Carla Balakgie is president and CEO of NAMA. Before joining the association in 2011, Balakgie served as CEO of the Electronic Transactions Association.

Heidi Chico, president of National Vending LLC, chairs NAMA's board of directors.

Advocacy
In the summer, NAMA convenes an annual Fly-In, which brings more than 300 industry leaders to Washington, D.C. to discuss calorie disclosure requirements, overtime pay, and other issues affecting the convenience services industry. In a July 2017 op-ed column published in The Hill, Balakgie claimed Fly-In attendees hold more than 200 meetings with members of Congress to "ensure that the voice of the convenience services industry is heard on Capitol Hill."


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Skull Bearers

Skull Bearers may refer to:

 * Skull Bearers (Shannara), fictional creatures in the Shannara series of epic fantasy novels
 * Kapalika means "Bearer of the Skull bowl" in Hindu culture

title: Skull Bearers


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Werrington County, New South Wales

Werrington County is a suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is 50 kilometres (31 mi) west of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of the City of Penrith and is part of the Greater Western Sydney region. The suburb is entirely residential with a high proportion of individual separate dwellings.

Werrington County is part of the Indigenous Australian, Darug nation and is located in the Deerubbin Local Aboriginal Land Council Area

Aboriginal culture
Prior to European settlement, what is now Werrington County was home to the Mulgoa people who spoke the Darug language, as part of the Darug Nation. They lived a hunter-gatherer lifestyle governed by traditional laws, which had their origins in the Dreamtime. Their homes were bark huts called 'gunyahs'. They hunted kangaroos and emus for meat, and gathered yams, berries and other native plants. Shortly after the arrival of the First Fleet in Australia in 1788, an outbreak of smallpox decimated the local indigenous communities and made it easier for settlers to dispossess them of their land.

Post European arrival
In 1806, Werrington County was established as part of a land grant to Mary King, the youngest daughter of Governor Philip Gidley King. Werrington County was then farm land until the early 1980s when land lots were sold for the residential and commercial buildings in the present day suburb.

Geography
Werrington County is geographically at a higher altitude than most other suburbs in the Penrith area. Werrington Creek runs on the eastern border of the suburb. Werrington Lakes lies on the southwestern corner of the suburb.

Commercial area
Werrington County is home to a Child Care centre, Werrington County Shopping Village, Caltex and 7- Eleven Petrol stations, The Henry Sports Club, Namatjira Neighbourhood Centre, Tennis, Golf, Squash and other sporting facilities. The suburb is also within a few minutes drive to St Marys Shopping Centre located in St Marys, New South Wales which hosts over 40 retailers including Woolworths.

Demographics
As per the 2016 Census there were 3,645 residents in Werrington County with an average weekly household income of $1,605 compared to the national average of $1,234. 50.2% were males and 49.8% were females. The median age was 36 years. 81.2% of people were born in Australia. The top other countries of birth were England 4.1%, New Zealand 1.4%, Scotland 1.2%, Ireland 0.7% and Philippines 0.6%. The most common ancestries were Australian 32.3%, English 28.2%, Irish 8.4%, Scottish 6.1%, Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander 4.7% and German 2.5%. The top responses for religious affiliation were Catholic 35.8%, Anglican 27.1%, No Religion 16.0%, Presbyterian and Reformed 3.2% and Uniting Church 2.7%. The majority of people (89.2%) only spoke English at home with the other languages spoken being Spanish 0.8%, Greek 0.6%, Arabic 0.6%, Hindi 0.5% and Italian 0.5%.

Schools
Werrington County Public School is located in John Batman Avenue. The primary school was established in 1982. The school was officially opened in 1993 and enjoys a fine reputation within the Penrith District. The nearest High School is Cambridge Park High School in Cambridge Park, New South Wales.

Parks and reserves
Werrington County has 5 parks covering nearly 29% of the total area which include Shaw Park, Ellison Reserve and Werrington Lakes Flora & Fauna Reserve.

Hospital
The nearest Hospital is Nepean Hospital in Penrith which provides multi-speciality Medical services. Werrington County also has a Medical centre at the Werrington County Shopping Village.

Transport
Werrington County has quick and easy access to Penrith by travelling west on Dunheved Road or along Great Western Highway. The suburb is serviced by the Great Western Highway and is also in close proximity to the M4 Western Motorway which can be accessed via Kent Road for residents travelling towards the Sydney CBD.

The nearest railway station is Werrington railway station on the T1 Western Line which provides direct train services to the Sydney CBD.

Busways provides 3 bus services around the Werrington County area.
 * Route 780 travels along Dunheved Road past the Werrington County Shopping Village before travelling to either Penrith or Mount Druitt via Ropes Crossing
 * Route 782 travels around Greenbank Drive and Henry Lawson Avenue before travelling to either Penrith or St Marys.
 * Route 785 travels via Cambridge Park to Werrington railway station covering parts of Werrington County.

Governance
At a local government level, Werrington County is part of the north ward of Penrith City Council, represented by Ross Fowler (Mayor of Penrith). At the state level, it is part of the Electoral district of Londonderry, represented by Labor Party member Prue Car. Federally, it is part of the Division of Lindsay, represented by Liberal Party Melissa McIntosh.

Werrington County is located in the Deerubbin Local Aboriginal Land Council Area.

title: Werrington County, New South Wales


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Salins-les-Bains

Salins-les-Bains, commonly referred to simply as Salins, is a commune in the Jura department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in Eastern France. It is located on the departmental border with Doubs, 34.8 km (21.6 mi) to the south-southwest of Besançon. In 2018, Salins-les-Bains had a population of 2,567.

The town owes its name to its saline waters which shaped its history for centuries; they continue to attract visitors today, for the town's bedrock contains salt and gypsum deposits. In 2009 the historic saltworks were added to the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites as an addition to the Royal Saltworks at Arc-et-Senans site, which was inscribed in 1982.

Geography
Salins is situated in the narrow Valley of the Furieuse, between two fortified hills, Fort Belin and Fort Saint-André, while to the north rises Mont Poupet (851 m or 2,791 ft).

History
Salins was an important city in Celtic times and became a  Roman oppidum known as Salinae Sequanorum.

The territory of Salins, which was enfeoffed in the 10th century by the Abbey of Saint Maurice-en-Valais to the counts of Mâcon, remained in possession of their descendants till 1175. Maurette de Salins (1137-1200), heiress of this dynasty, brought the lordship to the house of Vienne, and her granddaughter sold it in 1225 to Duke Hugh IV of Burgundy, who ceded it in 1237 to John, Count of Chalon in exchange for the county of Chalon. John's heirs - counts and  dukes of Burgundy,  emperors and kings of the House of Austria - bore the title of sire de Salins (Lord of Salins).

In 1477 Salins was taken by the French and temporarily made the seat of the parlement of Franche-Comté by King Louis XI of France. The French re-took the town in 1668 and in 1674, and thenceforward it remained in their power. In 1825 the town was almost destroyed by fire. In 1871, it successfully resisted German troops in the Franco-Prussian War.

French composer Charles Galibert (1826–1858) was born in Salins-les-Bains.

Until the early-20th century, the slopes surrounding the town were largely covered in vines, which were however almost entirely abandoned after the phylloxera crisis of the mid-19th century decimated the vineyards. Little trace of this former activity remains today.

For much of the 20th century, the town was also famed for its potters, but today only three craftsmen continue to uphold this local tradition.

Great Saltworks
The extraction of salt at Salins-les-Bains began during the Middle Ages at the latest. As early as 1115, there were two saltworks located at wells around the town, and because of the salt production, Salins-les-Bains was the largest town in Franche-Comté after Besançon in medieval times. Deforestation in the region during the 17th and 18th centuries led to the creation of the Royal Saltworks at Arc-et-Senans, at a more favorable location near a large forest. However, the brine extracted from Salins would still be used, being channeled to the Royal Saltworks, 21 km away, for processing. In 1962, the Great Saltworks of Salins-les-Bains ceased all production.

Sights
The town has a Romanesque church, St-Anatoile, which has been well restored, and a hôtel de ville from the 18th century. A 17th-century Jesuit chapel contains a library, established in 1593, and a museum.

Transportation
Salins-les-Bains is on the Paris to Lausanne (Switzerland) road. The closest railway station is in Mouchard, a few kilometres away.

Twin towns

 * 🇩🇪 Horb am Neckar, Germany, since 1991

title: Salins-les-Bains


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Wareemba

Wareemba is a suburb in the Inner West of Sydney in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Wareemba is 12 kilometres west of the Sydney central business district in the local government area of the City of Canada Bay. Wareemba sits on the eastern shore of Hen and Chicken Bay, on the Parramatta River. It is almost the smallest suburb in Sydney by land area.

History
European settlement of the area began in the 1830s, with land mainly used for farming. The suburb was originally part of neighbouring suburb Abbotsford until declared a separate suburb in 1993. The name Wareemba comes from an Aboriginal word meaning "place where sweet water meets salt water".

Commercial area
Wareemba has a small group of shops located on Great North Road. Wareemba is famous for its coffee shops, including one business that combines fruit shop with coffee shop.

Churches
Wareemba Gospel Hall is in Coranto Street.

Population
The suburb of Wareemba had a population of 1,546 people, according to the 2016 Census of Population and Housing.

Demographics
Like the nearby suburbs of Haberfield and Five Dock, Wareemba has a large population of residents with Italian ancestry (22.6%).

67.0% of people were born in Australia with the next most common countries of birth being Italy (10.6%), England (2.5%), New Zealand (1.4%), China (1.3%) and Scotland (0.8%). 68.3% of people only spoke English at home. Other languages spoken at home included Italian at 17.5%. The most common responses for religion were Catholic (51.6%), no religion (18.4%), Anglican (8.2%) and Eastern Orthodox (3.7%). 7.7% of the population chose not to state their religion.

title: Wareemba


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Category:User html

For the user template for this user category see Template:User HTML

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Talk:Legislation in 109th United States Congress

I'd like to expand on Wikipedia's tracking of legislation, and I haven't been able to find this as a project. Please let me know if I'm missing it.


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Talk:Charles Litton Sr.

Untitled
Nothing here is original research.

 * Well that is the odd name wikipedia uses for information that is not from cited sources. For example, if you create a "tribute" article on a relative or someone associated with a company you work for, etc. This person deserves a better sourced article writen in encyclopedic tone. W Nowicki (talk) 20:10, 1 October 2011 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Charles Litton Sr.


text:
Talk:Samuel Krafsur

Krafsur
The entry on S.S. Krafsur is not a neutral point of view. Indeed, it's a calumny, using perjorative wording and presenting conclusions unsupported by fact or evidence. Krafsur was never charged with espionage. Why build a potted biography on the premise of espionage. What's the motive here?

S.S. Krafsur was an employee of TASS and as such, a registered agent of a foreign power, as required by law. That is not synonomous with 'spy' or 'secret agent'. Upon whom could he 'spy' as an open and acknowledged employee of TASS, with full press credentials to do what reporters do? Everyone around knew he worked for TASS. TASS was the Russian news agency and they didn't even pay union scale. Krafsur was right to leave TASS when US - USSR relationships became increasingly hostile. I'd like to know who wrote this smear. I can find no evidence in reading published Venona transcripts that Krafsur played a 'key role' or any role in recruiting other journalists as agents for the Soviet Union. He did, it seems, answer enquiries from TASS management about the attitude of one or more journalists to the Soviet Union. In the context of WWII in which the USA, GB, and USSR were allies this hardly seemed treasonous. It was, moreover, entirely consistent with the paranoid style of Soviet practice to ask such questions.

It is false to describe Lincoln Brigade volunteers as 'fighting for the communists'. In fact, they were fighting with Spanish loyalists for the legally elected government of Spain and fighting against Franco's insurgents, Hitlers' Condor Legion, and Mussolini's army, all of whom were supporting vigorously and decisively the fascist revolution in Spain. The International Brigades' volunteers could not have known that USSR support in the conflict was compromised by Soviet internal affairs (read their witch hunts and show trials) because of the highly secretive and paranoid ways in which the Soviets operated.

S. S. Krafsur was 'uncooperative' with the House Un-American Activities Committee in 1956 because they only wanted him to name publicly people he might have thought were communists or communist supporters. Nothing was asked about spying because there wasn't any. This was show business because the Committee already had full knowledge of American leftists. Krafsur was right not to play the game of fingering others for the Committee's witch hunt. And it cost him too.

The fact is that S.S. Krafsur was no more than a legal, registered employee of an allied nation in wartime doing his job as a newsman. His request in 1944 (if memory serves) to volunteer for the armed forces was turned down by the State Department because his job with TASS held to be in the national interest of USA.

- Elliot Scoville Krafsur

 * If you are taking unbridge to this article it is because you don't like what it says, it does not mean that the information is incorrect. The article is well sourced. Most of the people who "volunteered" to fight as members of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade were members of the Communist Party, including Conlon Nancarrow.

 * You don't deny that he was a foreign "agent" I see, and most likely you weren't quite aware of just what Krafsur's involvement was with the KGB since the Venona papers weren't released until the 1990's. And it would have been difficult for HUAAC to know that Krafsur was an asset to the KGB because his codename IDE protected his identity until the records of the Soviet Union became available and revealed that IDE was indeed Krafsur.

 * You can read the latest books and sources on the Venona papers and the American Communist Party for the old standards of beliefs on these issues are being shattered in light of the information that has been uncovered. ClownBoy 03:18, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

Replies on a couple of points:

 * "Upon whom could he 'spy' as an open and acknowledged employee of TASS, with full press credentials to do what reporters do? Everyone around knew he worked for TASS." It appears from the record that he was what was known in the argot of the intelligence world as a talent spotter - i.e. someone who found other people whom the intelligence officers could recruit as sources of more significant information (e.g. the way Flora Don Wovschin talent-spotted Judith Coplon, who gave the NKGB a priceless trove of US counter-intelligence information). This is an important role in an intelligence organization.

 * "I can find no evidence in reading published Venona transcripts that Krafsur played a 'key role' or any role in recruiting other journalists as agents for the Soviet Union." Well, it doesn't seem to have been for lack of trying. But you're right, he doesn't seem to have produced much for the NKGB, which is why I said (on VfD) that's he borderline notable.

 * "International Brigades' volunteers could not have known that USSR support in the conflict was compromised by Soviet internal affairs". If you've read Homage to Catalonia, it's clear that some people managed to come back from Spain having figured out basically what was really going on (which was that to Stalin and others, it was better to let Franco win, than have the Troskyists succeed in Spain - although I confess I didn't fully appreciate the full scope of that until I read Deadly Illusions.)

 * "they only wanted him to name publicly people he might have thought were communists or communist supporters. Nothing was asked about spying because there wasn't any. This was show business ... Krafsur was right not to play the game of fingering others for the Committee's witch hunt." Just out of curiousity (and maybe this did happen, I don't know), had the FBI asked him in quietly and privately (i.e. not to make publicity out of it) to ask him who he had talent-spotted for the Soviets, so that they all could be checked on (since he wouldn't have known whether any subsequent recruitment attempts - which the files now do show occurred - failed or succeeded), do you think he would have co-operated?

 * "The fact is that S.S. Krafsur was no more than a legal, registered employee of an allied nation in wartime doing his job as a newsman." Talent-spotting for a foreign intelligence agency - which the files make quite clear he did - is not part of the job of a normal newsman.

I would guess that he was not entirely open with you about some of his activities. If so, I'm sure this is a shock. But he did it, not you, and it was a long time ago. Noel (talk) 15:37, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

hostile tone and inaccurate information
I take umbrage at the tone and inaccurate information in your entry on Samuel Krafsur. Read Elliot Krafsur's comments more carefully to understand why. Beyond a hostile tone and factual inaccuracies, your posting suffers from spelling and math mistakes that only further undermine your credibility.

I believe that if you post libelous and misleading statements you should at least have the courage to publish your name and provide your contact information. Have you considered the harm that these statements could cause the descendents of S.S. Krafsur? Ed Krafsur Ed6061 14:25, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

Further to my earlier comments (E.S.Krafsur)

The biographer is clearly on a mission. For what purpose? - the cold war was declared won twenty years ago. Perhaps he feels USA fought on the wrong side in WWII? I don't deny my father was an 'agent' because ALL employees of foreign governments were by law designated as 'agents' and no pejorative meaning attended the word. The biographer clearly believes it to be a crime to have been a communist in the 1930s; moreover, he tars with the 'communist' label those who worked with or knew Reds, for example, International Brigade volunteers. Why the inverse commas for 'volunteers'? What does the anonymous biographer mean to imply by that?

This highly inflammatory and greatly distorted biography will cause futher harm to the Krafsur name. Some of us have been considered possible security risks in the early 1960s because S. S. Krafsur's name as an 'agent' was made known to employers.

The biographer's crusade is out of date and his motives obscure. Why do you adopt anonymity, Mr. Biographer? Ekrafsur 14:54, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

. FYI the identity of people making edits is available in the page's edit history. Tonywalton | Talk 14:52, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

Id say that hiding behind a username with no other contact information is just that, hiding. Ed6061 15:06, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

 * And I'd say that you appear to be more interested in making a fuss about why someone chooses not to sign their edits than doing anything positive about the allegedly scurrilous nature of this article. An interesting choice to make, but up to you, of course. Tonywalton [[Image:Pentacle_1.svg|15px]] | Talk 16:18, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

I am trying to do something positive - having this slander deleted from wikipedia. Read closely E.S. Krafsur's comments on just why it is slander. How would you like someone anonymously posting inaccurate information about your family? If our reaction to this is "making a fuss", then Im guilty. Ed6061 16:25, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * There are criteria for deletion. "I don't like this article" is not among them. If the information is inaccurate, edit it and replace it with accurate information. If the information is not written from a neutral POV, re-write it so it is. The article may or may not be deleted according to the Votes for Deletion debate now on-going at, however as I said, "I don't like what this says" is not a valid criterion. And I repeat, the identity of the editors is freely available on the article's edit history. If you choose not to look at that, that is up to you. There are no anonymous edits to this page, going by the history, and edits are never signed in the page itself. Tonywalton [[Image:Pentacle_1.svg|15px]] | Talk 16:36, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

Oh yeah? Who is clownboy? Thats not a name. Does he have an email? None listed with Wikipedia. That is anonymous by any definition. Amoung the criterea for deletion is a biography that fails to be of a significant individual. Take away the accusations about being a spy, and all there is left is a paragraph about a journalist who worked for a few years for TASS, and was later caught up in the Red Scare. Just another American caught up in a self-righteous attempt to slime others. One that we can see is still alive. As I keep writing, read E.S. Krafsur's comments. Ed6061 16:51, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * A suggestion:biographical information from the immediate family certainly would be welcome and considered (for the most part) authoritive. nobs 17:01, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Who is clownboy? I have no idea. You could try asking him on his talkpage. Your definition of anonymous doesn't seem to match the one anyone else uses, I'm afraid. And "Ed6061" is hardly a name either.
 * ES Krafur (who I suspect not being a million miles from your good self) seems merely to keep repeating the same "I don't like it" as you, though. As I keep writing, edit the article, if you feel it contravenes POV. Myself, I can't see it does, to be honest. As for notability we'll see what the VfD says. Tonywalton [[Image:Pentacle_1.svg|15px]] | Talk 17:08, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

Venona
Venona transcript 705 KGB New York to Moscow, 17 May 1944 reads in part,
 * "After months of study we propose to use an employee of the Editorial Office [TASS], Samuel KRAFSUR (name sent in the clear), henceforth "IDE", for cultivating newspapermen's circles in Washington, D.C. IDE is a Communist Party member, was in the International Brigade in SPAIN.  He is absolutely devoted to the USSR, always zealously carries out minor tasks set by Vladimir Pravdin in connection with the obtaining of information.  Systematic work among IDE's extensive connections will give opportunities for obtaining valuable information and also of studying individual subjects for signing on [KONTRAKTsIYa].  Of the more than [B% 2] leads of IDE's which could be used on the basis of I.'s[Ya.] personal relationships with them [the following][a] deserve special attention:  Joseph BERGER - personal secretary of the Chairman of the National Committee of the Democratic Party. [redacted Journalist born 1899] - brother of the well-known journalist [redacted Newspaper correspondent born in 1897, brother of redacted].  IDE is very friendly with them both.  In future, if development of IDE's work requires it, [C% we shall provide] him with an active contact [ZhIVAYa SVYaZ'] so that information will be recieved in New York promptly.  We await your sanction."

Thank for the opprotunity to extract this document from the gif file; will be happy to extract more documents if necessary. nobs 18:41, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

Venona: Decoding Soviet Espionage in America
According to the above mentioned book on page 242:

"Another Communist journalist who played a key role in the KGB's efforts to find journalistic informants and agenst was Samuel Krafsur, an American who worked for TASS. Not much detail is known about his background and life."

This book corroborates much of what was in the article. These family members want to still keep Sam's activities hiding in the shadows I see. Dwain 20:05, September 1, 2005 (UTC)

 * Page 242 also reads, "Venona makes clear that Krafsur was an important Soviet agent"; the contents of

 * 1178 KGB New York to Moscow, 17 August 1944, p.1
 * 1178 KGB New York to Moscow, 17 August 1944, p.2

 * are particularly devastating, they could warrant an entire article in themselves. We don't even need to go into the remaining seven decrypts until # 1178 KGB New York to Moscow 17 August 1944 is fully addressed. (Also, it should be noted there can be no denial that "IDE" was Krafsur, as the first decrypt clearly defines). nobs 20:29, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Thank you for the input. I would encourage more. A word of caution, it appears the family is approaching this with what wikipedia refers to as a Point of view. This POV it seems differs from the published findings of the United States Government. Partisan declarations, such as offered above, may backfire, and be regarded as unencyclopedic.  nobs 03:03, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I can feel for the family even if I think they are somewhat misguided in their assertions. Most likely they wouldn't really know the full extent of what SS Krafsur was up to in the 1930's and 40's apart from what was told to them as they would not have been old enough to know precisely. Regardless of what their father and grandfather may have been doing in his relationship with Soviet intelligence his behavior does not reflect upon them. No one would even have known they were related to him if they hadn't advertised the fact. That being said, I feel that it is beyond obvious, that like thousands of other Americans in that time period, he did have more than a journalist relationship with the KGB. Dwain 03:18, September 2, 2005 (UTC)

 * The irony is the reference here to Ronald Reagan, the man history widely acredits with liberating 350,000,000 human beings from Soviet Communism, as a "snitch", in an effort to spare the reputation of a man whom the United States Governments says aided in their enslavement. The language cited above ("He is absolutely devoted to the USSR") betrays a lack of respect for human rights.  I believe seeking the input of our friends who authored the Western betrayal regarding discussion of the "Polish Question" as referenced in this decrypt  may be in order. nobs 03:34, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * It'll come as news to most historians that Ronald Reagan is widely credited with the downfall of the Soviet Union. After all, "Partisan declarations, such as offered above, may backfire, and be regarded as unencyclopedic."  But here is of course not the proper forum to discuss  what Reagan should or should not be credited with. Jdivine 07:06, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Dwain, 100% agreement with all your comments above (I can feel for the family even if I think they are somewhat misguided in their assertions., etc). As I said elsewhere, I certainly don't blame family members for what someone else (someone who's now dead, in any case) did; they bear no blame, morally (and certainly legally) for his actions. Noel (talk) 15:06, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

TIME OUT
This business is going nowhere. Legitimate objections have been registered in asking Wikipedia to withdraw the biography. Wikipedia's spokesman Tony Walton encourages the controversy and denies the validity of the points we've made. It seems entertainment is the company interest here.

Well, it's not entertaining for the family and it's time to withdraw from this discussion. There are other ways to deal with this. We've got some anonymous (yes, Mr Walton, anonymous) folks hugely enjoying their exercise in rightousness and so let's let them 'win' the day. After all, what have they won since only they know their names? - E S Krafsur

 * Just out of curiousity, have you asked Yale University to "withdraw" the book they published, naming Samuel Krafsur as "an important Soviet agent" who "played a key role in the KGB's efforts to find journalistic informants and agents"? (Haynes/Klehr, Venona, pp. 242) Will you be employing "other ways" to deal with them, and the Library of Congress, where Mr. Haynes is an employee? Noel (talk) 14:20, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

I F Stone
As this article is being researched, one thing to keep in mind is there will be a tie-in with the I. F. Stone article, another highly controversial piece. In Krafsur's case, the evidence seems much more clear cut. I would encourage researchers to pay close attention to the relationship if Izzy Stone. nobs 16:52, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Oh, good point. I had forgotten about the IF Stone tie-in. Given how notable the IFS controversy is, I would say this ups the notability of Krafsur, who apparently talent-spotted him. (BTW, I'm not sure that Stone ever really did anything for the Soviets, although I guess it's somewhat murky.) Noel (talk) 17:16, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Personal view on Stone: I don't think Stone was much of an information source, he did however provide "legitimacy" to numerous front organizations, which had the effect of overwhelming FBI counterintelligence operations. That may have been his only task. nobs 17:48, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

Nobs' Contribution
I have to commend User:Nobs01 for all the precise and hard work that he has done adding to this article and many other articles in relation to the Venona documents. He has really shown a great aptitude in researching these articles and providing good and legitimate source materials and even linking to them. Really great job Nobs! Dwain 18:25, September 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * Вы, камрад! nobs 19:15, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * This excercise has been very good; we see for example in # 1178 & # 1291 Krafsur is entrusted with carrying the intimate thoughts of Roosevelt and disspelling the myth FDR was a KGB agent.

 * # 738 shows how vital he was, being assigned a "live laiason" instead of the use of dead drops. # 847B & 848 are important post-war policy planning discussions. # 1178 shows Cordell Hull speaking off-record, meaning it was not intended for the American people to hear, yet it was communicated directly to Moscow (this may explain why Hoover accused Hull as being a Communist).  And # 1178 with it's allusions to what we now refer to as human rights abuses ("methods and systems of the USSR may be shocking in questions of its internal policy", see  and  1941 Army G-2 Report), meaning Krafsur was well aware of what Hull was speaking about, coupled with # 705 reference to his "absolute devotion", one can hardly call him a Jeffersonian democrat. nobs 20:04, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

General Comment
We can only judge Krafsur's importance from the Venona transcriptions and rightly so. However, the US only managed to intercept and decryipt fraction of the estimated messages that were being send to Moscow. There is bound to be much more involvement that has not yet been discovered and my never be. So his true importance as an operative may never be known. Dwain 22:41, September 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * Krafsur is unique in many ways; what is decrypted, from his recruitment onwards, gives a very good picture. And he is not a low-level source, he was regarded as extrememly important. Twice we have him relaying the thinking FDR, also Secretary of State Cordell Hull, and Ambassador Harriman, among other important sources.  And the issues discussed in #878B & 848, the dismemberment of Germany and the Polish question, remain extremely controversial.  Plus we have good insights into how he functioned both as a recruiter & purveyor of high level information.  There are good insights into how the KGB operated in handling him.  And one thing I found interesting, to underscore its importance, the date on #878B & 848, 31/3/1967, twenty-three years after it was sent, the NSA was still working on decphyering that document.  nobs 01:06, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

1433, 1435
The contents of decrypts # 1433, 1435 are particularly interesting; the KGB operational report says how dependant they are of the "Editorial Office", i.e. TASS (Krafsur), the suggestion that the whole Editorial Office may have to be moved to Washington. This is the famous decrypt whrere the New York and Washington KGB offices criticize each other. Pravdin is responding to Aspresyan's statement that without "their help" (CPUSA, specifically Krafsur's Editorial Office) "we are completely powerless". It goes on to say that if Thomas Dewey were elected in 1944, "this source would dry up", i.e. the connection Krafsur had to the White House & President. nobs 03:18, 4 September 2005 (UTC)
 * It is part of what is discussed in the section New York Espionage Operations -- the New KGB of the NSA's release "The Venona Story" by Robert L. Benson, a primer on the subject of Venona. Writers have made light of two facts (1) the dispute & criticism of each other by the two KGB offices, and (2) their open admission of their dependence upon native FELLOWCOUNRTYMEN CPUSA members.  With the Samuel Krafsur bio, we see exactly why they were so dependent, Krafsur was a source of FDR's "thinking" in at least two decrypts, plus other high level sources.  nobs 03:41, 4 September 2005 (UTC)

Notability
Excerpted reference from # 1291 KGB New York to Moscow, 9 September 1944, p.2
 * "In a talk with Krafsur the correspondent of the Baltimore Sun Paul Ward completely confirmed Walter Lippmann in regard to the principal aim of Franklin D. Roosevelt's meeting with Winston Churchill adding the Roosevelt also intends to discuss the question of India." ; message was resent here with more of the coded signal recovered.
 * Krafsur is a direct pipeline into the White House, transmitting to the KGB confidential planning for World War II Summit Conferences. I beleive this is the Quebec Conference (List_of_World_War_II_conferences).nobs 02:33, 5 September 2005 (UTC)

POV and inaccurate Info notices
I am removing the POV and inacuracies notices from the page because I feel that those issues were addressed and things were reworded and more sources cited to back up the information in the article.

They can be put back if and when someone actually has evidence to refute the accuracy of the article apart from just not wanting it available. Dwain 19:12, September 9, 2005 (UTC)

Cause of Death
I believe that Krafsur died from cancer. Is this correct? Dwain 19:15, September 9, 2005 (UTC)

Rezidenturas
Moved this down, and made it a separate section, since it seems to be turning into a thread of its own. Noel (talk) 14:51, 22 September 2005 (UTC)

This appears a good place to insert this comment: Krafsur was a "legal" registered foreign agent. Krafsur had contact with other "legal" registered KGB agents working out of the "legal" KGB Rezidentura. This is not surprising or unexpected. No one ever accused Krafsur of having contact with, or working for the KBG's Illegal Rezidentura, or the GRU's Illegal Rezidentura, or the GRU's "legal" Rezidentura. Arguements like this, taking advantage of popular misundestanding of the various Soviet intelligence agencies (plural) that simultaneously operate in any given country, has long been a ploy to deny complicity. Contrary to popular understanding, there is no one, single, "KGB", that directs ALL operations. nobs 20:25, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Umm, the legal and illegal KGB rezidentura's were both run out of the First Chief Directorate, no? I assume the illegal residents would have come under Directorate S, like the normal illegals - or would they have answered directly to the appropriate Department of the FCD (US, Latin America, etc)? Noel (talk) 19:05, 13 September 2005 (UTC)

 * In Moscow, yes. In New York (or whatever target country), not necessarily. An operative run by an illegal Rezidentura is much harder to detect, because information sent back to Moscow is not necessarily always transmitted via the legal rezidentura (usually the Embassey), as illegal Officers often have little or no contact with the legal Rezidentura.  This was much more precisely defined after 1948, but prior there was some crossover.  In the 1930s, though parallel organizations existed, Russian Case Officers did move back and forth between the two.  As somewhat of a sidenote, Alger Hiss worked for the illegal GRU, hence virtually nothing is detected in Venona from him in that regard.  The famous # 1822 transcript comes from the legal KGB, who were not running him (hence the reference "working for sometime with the neighbors").  Edward Mark has explained this unusual circumstance was because Pavel Fitin ordered in # 195 March 5, 1945 to obtain information quickly regarding the upcoming UN Charter Conference in San Fransisco, which led to a unique breach in security protocol, a KGB Officer crossed lines and directly contacted Hiss.  And thus we have the result, he was discovered. nobs 19:39, 13 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Right, it was in Moscow that I was wondering about above (when I asked about the FCD, and whether the illegal residencies came under Directorate S or the appropriate Department of the FCD).
 * Just a side-notes about the embassies; I seem to recall that many had a "Line N" dedicated to illegals support, but I think that was mostly for stuff like filling/emptying dead drops, etc. Noel (talk) 23:44, 19 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Line S is, as I read it, the illegals ('Nelegely', or Special Tasks). But as you know, there were lots of changes over the years.  I'm trying to get John Barron (journalist)'s old book, if I recall it has an Appendix with the structure known up to that time.   nobs 00:50, 20 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Are you keeping distinct the 'Lines' (sections of legal rezidenturas) and 'Directorates' (of the FCD in Moscow)? Illegals are indeed "Directorate S", but support (i.e not illegals themselves) in rezidenturas is "Line N". (See KGB Andrew/Gordievsky pp. 652, 656.) A similar situation applies for Science/Technology - it's "Directorate T" of the FCD, but "Line X" in the rezidenturas.
 * I looked at Barron, KGB: Secret Work (I only have the paperback, though), and although it has appendices, none are on structure. Structure is covered in Chapter 4, "Behind the Guarded Gates", and it confirms the above for Directorates. It doesn't discuss Lines (on a quick look), but other books - e.g. his second book, KGB Today, Appendix B (maybe this is the book you meant by his "old book"?) discuss Lines, and confirms Line N as illegals support. Noel (talk) 14:51, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
 * All I recall about Barron's book (it's been many years) was it was copyright after about 1958, and it has the story of Rudy Hermann, his wife & son.  I see Barron has written several on KGB, so I can't identify it by title.  Do you have the year of copyright on those two?  nobs 16:37, 22 September 2005 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Samuel Krafsur