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Perry's Victory and International Peace Memorial

Perry's Victory and International Peace Memorial commemorates the Battle of Lake Erie that took place near Ohio's South Bass Island, in which Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry led a fleet to victory in one of the most decisive naval battles to occur in the War of 1812. Located on an isthmus on the island, the memorial also celebrates the lasting peace between Britain, Canada, and the United States that followed the war.

Overview
A 352 ft monument — the world's tallest Doric column — was constructed in Put-in-Bay, Ohio by a multi-state commission from 1912 to 1915 "to inculcate the lessons of international peace by arbitration and disarmament." The memorial was designed after an international competition from which the winning design by Joseph H. Freelander and A.D. Seymour was chosen.

Perry's Victory and International Peace Memorial was established to honor those who fought in the Battle of Lake Erie during the War of 1812, and to celebrate the long-lasting peace among Britain, Canada and the U.S. The Memorial column, rising over Lake Erie, is situated five miles from the US-Canadian border.

Although the monument bears the name of Oliver Hazard Perry, six officers slain during the battle are interred under its rotunda, Perry himself is buried in Newport, Rhode Island. Beneath the stone floor of the monument lie the remains of those three American officers and three British officers. Carved into the walls inside the rotunda are the names of soldiers and sailors who were killed or injured in the Battle of Lake Erie and the text of the Rush-Bagot Treaty.

The Doric Column is the only international peace memorial in the United States National Park System and stands 47 feet taller than the Statue of Liberty in New York Harbor. The upper deck platform is 12 feet higher than the statue of Liberty's torch.

To visit the observation deck near the top, visitors must walk up 37 steps, pay the admission cost ($10.00 cash, card, or check for adults 16 and older starting 2019 season, 15 and younger are free) then a National Park Ranger will transport them by elevator to the top. Rangers are stationed at the observation deck to answer questions and speak about the history and surrounding area. Views span Lake Erie, the islands and mainland of Ohio, and nearby islands in Ontario, including Middle Island, the southernmost point of land in Canada, and part of Point Pelee National Park.

The column is among the tallest monuments in the United States (the Gateway Arch, San Jacinto Monument, and Washington Monument are taller). Although substantially completed in 1915, funding problems prevented the proper completion of a fully realized memorial complex. In 1919 the federal government assumed control of the monument and provided additional funding. The official dedication was celebrated on July 31, 1931. In 2002, $2.4 million was spent on a new visitor center. The memorial is visited by 200,000 people each year.

Administrative history
Established as Perry's Victory and International Peace Memorial National Monument by Franklin D. Roosevelt on June 2, 1936 (Proclamation No. 2182); redesignated a National Memorial and renamed on October 26, 1972. As with all historic areas administered by the National Park Service, the memorial was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 15, 1966; the listing's boundaries were increased in 2015.

2013 US quarter coin
Perry's Victory and International Peace Memorial were selected to represent Ohio in the multi-year America the Beautiful Quarters series, honoring a national site from every US state, district, or territory. Its design shows Oliver Hazard Perry on the coin's reverse, depicting the site's statue of Perry with the International Peace Memorial in the distance. The design was selected from eleven proposals.

Structural concerns
The Memorial had been closed for most of the summer of 2006 after a 500-pound (230 kg) piece of granite broke off the southeast face of the observation deck, falling 315 ft and leaving a crater in the plaza in June. No one was injured. Following a structural assessment that deemed it safe for visitors, the memorial reopened on August 26, 2006, with a fence surrounding it.

The monument closed on September 30, 2009 for repairs, and reopened on July 12, 2012.

The monument was closed once again for the summer of 2017 for repairs and cleaning.

Interactions with the Boy Scouts of America
Annually, the monument site hosts a large Boy Scout camporee hosted by Troop 360 from Port Clinton, Ohio. This camporee attracts a large number of scout troops that camp by the monument grounds. This event, however, is highly susceptible to weather conditions, and has not been held due to flooding concerns.


text: Category:Villarreal CF players

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Villarreal CF players


text:
Talk:Oriole Park

Name
The current name is rather akward. It would be much more appropriate to have this page at Oriole Park, which currently redirects to Oriole Park at Camden Yards since Camden Yards is not usually called "Oriole Park". Farquard 20:11, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

I think I wrote the initial page, probably as an anon in one of my earlier efforts. I concur with your idea. Just do it! d:) Wahkeenah 22:24, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

This article has been renamed after the result of a move request. Done by someone else, I cleaned up. Dragons flight 03:44, September 13, 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Oriole Park


text:
Animal rights movement

The animal rights movement, sometimes called the animal liberation, animal personhood, or animal advocacy movement, is a social movement that advocates an end to the rigid moral and legal distinction drawn between human and non-human animals, an end to the status of animals as property, and an end to their use in the research, food, clothing, and entertainment industries.

Terms and factions
All animal liberationists believe that the individual interests of non-human animals deserve recognition and protection, but the movement can be split into two broad camps. Animal rights advocates believe that these basic interests confer moral rights of some kind on the animals, and/or ought to confer legal rights on them; see, for example, the work of Tom Regan. Utilitarian liberationists, on the other hand, do not believe that animals possess moral rights, but argue, on utilitarian grounds — utilitarianism in its simplest form advocating that we base moral decisions on the greatest happiness of the greatest number — that, because animals have the ability to suffer, their suffering must be taken into account in any moral philosophy. To exclude animals from that consideration, they argue, is a form of discrimination that they call speciesism; see, for example, the work of Peter Singer.

Despite these differences, the terms "animal liberation" and "animal rights" are generally used interchangeably. Factional division has also been characterized as that between the reformist or mainstream faction and the radical abolitionist and direct action factions. The mainstream faction is largely professionalized and focuses on soliciting donations and gaining media representation. Actors in the reformist movement believe that humans should stop abusing animals. They employ activities that include moral shocks. It has been noted that the power of the animal rights movement in the United States is centralized in professionalized nonprofit organizations that aim to improve animal welfare.

The abolitionist faction believes that humans should stop using animals altogether. Gary Francione, a leader in abolitionism, formed his approach in response to the traditional movement's focus on policy reform. Members of the abolitionist faction view policy reform as counterproductive and rely on nonviolent education and moral persuasion in their activities. They see the promotion of veganism as a means of creating an antispeciesist culture and abolishing animal agriculture. The direct action or militant faction includes in its activities property damage, animal releases, intimidation, and direct violence, aiming to change society through force and fear. Animal rights actors often reject this faction, pointing to violence as a counterproductive tactic that invites repression (e.g., the Animal Enterprise Terrorism Act) and does not economically or politically challenge extant systems. Smaller factions include groups focused around faith-based animal rights theory and veganarchists, whose approach is characterized by a critique of capitalism on the grounds that it has led to mass nonhuman, human, and environmental exploitation. Such factionalizing, researchers have pointed out, is common to social movements and plays a role in sustaining their health.

History
The modern animal rights movement traces back to the animal protection movement in Victorian England, which was initiated by crusaders in response to the poor treatment of urban workhorses, the conditions under which they were exported for slaughter and their use, along with stray cats and dogs, for vivisection. Public awareness was raised by, for example, Anna Sewell's 1877 novel Black Beauty and by the pioneer Ada Cole who fought for humane conditions for horses destined for slaughter. Other early influences include: Upton Sinclair's 1906 novel The Jungle, which drew attention to slaughterhouse operations; Henry Stephens Salt's treatises on nonhuman animal rights, which drew from human abolitionist arguments for recognizing the personhood of people considered to be property; and the short-lived Fruitlands agrarian commune, which required its residents to eat a vegan diet.

The contemporary movement is regarded as having been founded in the UK in the early 1970s by a group of Oxford university post-graduate philosophy students, now known as the "Oxford Group". The group was led by Rosalind and Stanley Godlovitch, graduate students of philosophy who had recently become vegetarians. The Godlovitches met John Harris and David Wood, also philosophy graduates, who were soon persuaded of the arguments in favour of animal rights and themselves became vegetarian. The group began to actively raise the issue with pre-eminent Oxford moral philosophers, including Professor Richard Hare, both personally and in lectures. Their approach was based not on sentimentality ("kindness to dumb animals"), but on the moral rights of animals. They soon developed (and borrowed) a range of powerful arguments in support of their views, so that Oxford clinical psychologist Richard Ryder, who was shortly to become part of the group, writes that "rarely has a cause been so rationally argued and so intellectually well armed."

It was a 1965 article by novelist Brigid Brophy in The Sunday Times which was pivotal in helping to spark the movement. Brophy wrote:

The relationship of Homo sapiens to the other animals is one of unremitting exploitation. We employ their work; we eat and wear them. We exploit them to serve our superstitions: whereas we used to sacrifice them to our gods and tear out their entrails in order to foresee the future, we now sacrifice them to science, and experiment on their entrail in the hope—or on the mere offchance—that we might thereby see a little more clearly into the present.

The philosophers found this article and were inspired by its vigorous unsentimental polemic. At about the same time, Ryder wrote three letters to The Daily Telegraph in response to Brophy's arguments. Brophy read Ryder's letters and put him in touch with the Godlovitches and John Harris, who had begun to plan a book about the issue which was also partly inspired by Brophy's polemic. The philosophers had also been to see Brophy about the possibility of a book of essays on the subject. They initially thought that a book with contributions from Brophy, Ruth Harrison, Maureen Duffy, and other well-known writers might be of interest to publishers, but after an initial proposal was turned down by the first publisher they approached, Giles Gordon of Victor Gollancz suggested that the work would be more viable if it included their own writing. This was the idea that became "Animals, Men, and Morals". In 1970, Ryder coined the phrase "speciesism," first using it in a privately printed pamphlet to describe the assignment of value to the interests of beings on the basis of their membership of a particular species.

Ryder subsequently became a contributor to Animals, Men and Morals: An Inquiry into the Maltreatment of Non-humans (1972), edited by John Harris and the Godlovitches, a work that became highly influential, as did Rosalind Godlovitch's essay "Animal and Morals," published the same year. It was in a review of Animals, Men and Morals for the New York Review of Books that Australian philosopher Peter Singer first put forward his basic arguments, based on utilitarianism and drawing an explicit comparison between women's liberation and animal liberation. Out of the review came Singer's Animal Liberation, published in 1975, now regarded by many as the "bible" of the movement. Other books regarded as important include philosopher Tom Regan's The Case for Animal Rights (1983); Created from Animals: The Moral Implications of Darwinism by James Rachels (1990); Animals, Property, and the Law (1995) by legal scholar Gary Francione, Rattling the Cage: Toward Legal Rights for Animals by another legal scholar Steven M. Wise (2000); and Animal Rights and Moral Philosophy by Julian H. Franklin (2005).

Gender, class, and other factors
Another factor feeding the animal rights movement was revulsion to televised slaughters. In the United States, many public protest slaughters were held in the late 1960s and early 1970s by the National Farmers Organization. Protesting low prices for meat, farmers would kill their own animals in front of media representatives. The carcasses were wasted and not eaten. However, this effort backfired because it angered television audiences to see animals being needlessly and wastefully killed.

The movement predominately comprises upper-class and middle-class white female members, owing this to its associations with the Victorian English animal protection movement and American feminism and environmentalism movements. As such, the movement is widely associated in public spheres with women, femininity, and effeminacy. Public perception of the movement is influenced by gendered evaluations; movement outsiders tend to view activists as irrational by virtue of overly emotional sentiments. Aware of this, activists have strategically incorporated men into positions of leadership and theory production, in order to legitimize the movement and counter popular beliefs about the primacy of emotion in the animal rights movement. This tactic relies on the popular perception of men as rational and not given to emotion, and follows a trend in social movement activism that seeks to counter traditional associations with femininity and private spheres by emphasizing rationality, rights, and justice. In one case study, targets of anti-hunting activism used class and gender markers to evaluate activists' claims. Hunters' associations of irrationality with femininity and of inexperience in hunting and wilderness with white-collar positions constituted the reasons for their dismissal of activists' claims. In contrast, hunters framed hunting in logical, scientific, and altruistic terms, thus legitimating hunting, termed wildlife management, as a protective measure.

It has been noted that the composition of the movement may discourage the mobilization of particular demographics. A content analysis of magazine covers from highly visible animal rights organizations (PeTA and VegNews) revealed that most featured members were white, female, and thin. With this, and with the composition of the movement being mostly white, female, and thin, it has been suggested that animal rights media depict an activist ideal-type with such characteristics, and that this may mobilize thin white females while deterring others. Racialized, sexualized, and size-focused campaign tactics may also serve to deter potential members from joining the movement. Racialized tactics include the appropriation of African slavery and Holocaust language and imagery, and have been deemed insensitive and impugned by nonwhite communities. In addition, the movement has maintained racist stereotypes about nonwhite individuals' predisposition toward animal cruelty; these stereotypes arose in post-slavery U.S. and Britain, where nonwhites were deemed by law and by society to have a tendency toward animal cruelty. Sexualization of "ideal" women is used as a mobilization tactic, but reduces support for ethics-based campaigns and may be counterproductive, alienating women that do not have "ideal" body types. Sizeism is used as a tactic to frame veganism as a healthy and positive lifestyle, aligning with a popular association of fatness with moral failure. These tactics may contribute to gender inequality because unrealistic and sexualized representations of women are linked to their societal devaluation. Its lack of diverse membership may decrease the movement's legitimacy and ability to mobilize, as members of marginalized groups are more likely to mobilize when they are represented in the movement. An inclusive movement with strong group solidarity would decrease opportunity costs associated with participating (e.g., social stigmatization, lack of alternatives, legal persecution) and thus serve to increase and sustain participation in the movement.

Current status of the movement
The movement is no longer viewed as hovering on the fringe. In the 1980s and 1990s, it was joined by a wide variety of academics and professionals, including lawyers, physicians, psychologists, veterinarians, and former vivisectionists, and is now a common subject of study in philosophy departments in Europe and North America. Animal law courses are taught in 92 out of 180 law schools in the United States, and the movement has gained the support of senior legal scholars, including Alan Dershowitz and Laurence Tribe of Harvard Law School. Chapters of animal rights law have been created in several state bar associations, and resolutions related to animal rights are regularly proposed within the American Bar Association.

In the 1980s, the movement became associated with punk subculture and ideologies, particularly straight edge hardcore punk in the United States and anarcho-punk in the United Kingdom. This association continues on into the 21st century, as evidenced by the prominence of vegan punk events such as Fluff Fest in Europe.

Michael Socarras of Greenberg Traurig told the Association of American Medical Colleges: "There is a very important shift under way in the manner in which many people in law schools and in the legal profession think about animals. This shift has not yet reached popular opinion. However, in [the U.S.], social change has and can occur through the courts, which in many instances do not operate as democratic institutions. Therefore, the evolution in elite legal opinion is extremely significant ..."

Philosophical and legal aims
The movement aims to include animals in the moral community by putting the basic interests of non-human animals on an equal footing with the basic interests of human beings. A basic interest would be, for example, not being made to suffer pain on behalf of other individual human or non-human animals. The aim is to remove animals from the sphere of property and to award them personhood; that is, to see them awarded legal rights to protect their basic interests.

Who are we that we have set ourselves up on this pedestal and we believe that we have a right to take from others everything—including their life—simply because we want to do it? Shouldn't we stop and think for a second that maybe they are just others like us? Other nations, other individuals, other cultures. Just others. Not sub-human, but just different from being human.

Liberationists argue that animals appear to have value in law only in relation to their usefulness or benefit to their owners, and are awarded no intrinsic value whatsoever. In the United States, for example, state and federal laws formulate the rules for the treatment of animals in terms of their status as property. Liberationists point out that Texas Animal Cruelty Laws apply only to pets living under the custody of human beings and exclude birds, deer, rabbits, squirrels, and other wild animals not owned by humans, ignoring that jurisdiction for such creatures comes under the domain of state wildlife officers. The U.S. Animal Welfare Act excludes "pet stores ... state and country fairs, livestock shows, rodeos, purebred dog and cat shows, and any fairs or exhibitions intended to advance agricultural arts and sciences." There is no mention in the law that such activities already fall under the jurisdiction of state agriculture departments. The Department of Agriculture interprets the Act as also excluding cold-blooded animals, and warm-blooded animals not "used for research, teaching, testing, experimentation ... exhibition purposes, or as a pet, [and] farm animals used for food, fiber, or production purposes".

The Seattle-based Great Ape Project (GAP), founded by Peter Singer, is campaigning for the United Nations to adopt its Declaration on Great Apes, which would see chimpanzees, gorillas and orangutans included in a "community of equals" with human beings. The declaration wants to extend to the non-human apes the protection of three basic interests: the right to life, the protection of individual liberty, and the prohibition of torture.

Legal changes influenced by the movement
Regarding the campaign to change the status of animals as property, the animal liberation movement has seen success in several countries. In 1992, Switzerland amended its constitution to recognize animals as beings and not things. However, in 1999 the Swiss constitution was completely rewritten. A decade later, Germany guaranteed rights to animals in a 2002 amendment to its constitution, becoming the first European Union member to do so. The German Civil Code had been amended correspondingly in 1997.

Perhaps the greatest success of the animal liberation movement has been the granting of basic rights to five great ape species in New Zealand in 1999. Their use is now forbidden in research, testing or teaching. Other governments had also previously implemented a ban on these experiments, such as the UK government in 1986. Some other countries have also banned or severely restricted the use of non-human great apes in research. Also, on 17 May 2013, India declared that all cetaceans have the status of "nonhuman persons."

In the United States, there is an Animal Welfare Act that was produced in 1966. This law protects animals in acts of research, transportation, and sale. Generally, animals are protected from any torture, neglect, or killing. There have been many amendments made towards this act to keep it updated. While there is only one act covering the entire United States, there are more current laws surrounding animal rights, which vary by state.

Use of new information communication technologies (ICTs)
New media, such as the Internet and email, have been used by Animal Rights Movement actors and countermovement actors in a variety of capacities. Radical factions in the movement rely on websites, blogs, podcasts, videos, and online forums to engage in vegan outreach and other mobilization efforts and build alliances, thus overcoming exclusion by dominant factions. The use of Internet has allowed the animal rights movement to spread transnationally. For example, the Istanbul Animal Rights Movement's theory and activities draw from those of various countries that have spread through the use of Internet. The Internet is also used by activists to build community and avoid stigmatization, and may be a preferred means of activism for marginalized members, such as individuals who are fat.

In 2001, Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty (SHAC), an animal rights group founded in the UK with the aim of ending vivisection practices by Huntingdon Life Sciences (HLS), published the names of targets associated with HLS on its website. SHAC.net listed targets for "naming and shaming", emphasized and sent email action alerts, and facilitated written and digital communication between activists and targets. When the UK government later prevented SHAC from publishing reports from the ALF on its website, an activist created the Bite Back website, which was registered in the US and thus allowed the ALF to publish reports without reprisal. Countermovement actors have also used ICTs; law enforcement officers have tracked SHAC activists and admitted electronic communications as evidence in criminal trials. Dylan Barr, who jammed email inboxes at Washington Mutual Bank with 5,000 emails, caused $5,000 in losses and was convicted for extortion.

ICTs have facilitated undercover surveillance efforts by activists who use video cameras, Internet, and television to collect and disseminate evidence of cruelty to animals, in order to attract publicity to and mobilize support for the movement.

Undercover surveillance
In 1981, animal rights activists exposed supposedly unhealthy and cruel conditions of monkeys in a research laboratory in Silver Spring, Maryland. Police raided the research facility, and because the activists had (illegally) notified media of the raid, it was televised, attracting publicity to the activists' cause. In the UK in 1990, Mike Huskisson and Melody McDonald videotaped Wilhelm Feldberg performing illegal research; the video evidence was made public and Feldberg's lab was summarily closed down. SHAC was founded after Zoe Broughton conducted undercover surveillance of vivisectionists and discovered evidence of nonhuman animal abuse. Footage and images from undercover surveillance activity are often circulated offline and on the Internet and used to deliver a moral shock that will mobilize viewers to participate in the movement. Members in the abolitionist faction, specifically those in Francione's camp, argue that the graphic depictions of suffering discovered in undercover work result in a focus on treatment, as opposed to use, and that this focus, while useful in securing welfare reform, is counterproductive to abolishing animal exploitation.

Boycott
Animal liberationists usually boycott industries that use animals. Foremost among these is factory farming, which produces the majority of meat, dairy products, and eggs in industrialized nations. The transportation of farm animals for slaughter, which often involves their live export, has in recent years been a major issue for animal rights groups, particularly in the UK and Scandinavia.

The vast majority of animal rights advocates adopt vegetarian or vegan diets. They may also avoid clothes made of animal skins, such as leather shoes, and will not use products known to contain animal byproducts. Goods containing ingredients that have been tested on animals are also avoided where possible. Company-wide boycotts are common. The Procter & Gamble corporation, for example, tests many of its products on animals, leading many animal rights advocates to boycott the company's products entirely, whether tested on animals or not.

There is a growing trend in the American movement towards devoting all resources to vegetarian outreach. The 9.8 billion animals killed there for food every year far exceeds the number of animals used in other ways. Groups such as Vegan Outreach and Compassion Over Killing devote their time to exposing factory-farming practices by publishing information for consumers and by organizing undercover investigations.

Moral shocks
Moral shock is a tactic that involves drawing targets' attention to a particular depiction of a situation in order to cause outrage and catalyze targets to support a movement or claim. In the Animal Rights Movement, moral shocks are often used in the form of graphic depictions that detail the brutalization of nonhuman animals. Farm Animal Rights Movement (FARM), a popular animal rights organization, has used moral shocks in its pay-per-view campaign, in which passersby were paid a dollar to watch a graphic video of nonhuman animal suffering. Nonhuman animals depicted in moral shocks often display characteristics similar to those of human infants (e.g., large heads and eyes, crying or whimpering, small, mammalian). There is an ongoing debate within the Movement about the effectiveness of moral shocks. It has been found that many animal rights activists join after being exposed to moral shocks, and that moral shocks given to strangers are more likely to mobilize potential participants than are preexisting social networks; there is research that has found the opposite, however. Conversely, moral shocks that target the public at large (e.g., those used in vegan outreach) are less likely to be effective than those that have targets more distant from and less visible to the public (e.g., vivisectors).

Non-violent action
Non-violent resistance or civil disobedience consists of breaking the law without using violence. This may include the blocking of public roads or entrances, sometimes by chaining or gluing oneself to the ground or to doors. The animal rights movement has espoused these tactics during the 2019 Animal Rebellion protests in London, leading to several dozen arrests.

Direct action
The movement espouses a number of approaches, and is bitterly divided on the issue of direct action and violence, with very few activists or writers publicly advocating the latter tactic as a justified method to use. Most groups reject violence against persons, intimidation, threats, and the destruction of property: for example, the British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection (BUAV) and Animal Aid. These groups concentrate on education and research, including carrying out undercover investigations of animal-testing facilities. There is some evidence of cooperation between the BUAV and the ALF: for example, the BUAV used to donate office space for the use of the ALF in London in the early 1980s.

Other groups concentrate on education, research, media campaigns, and undercover investigations. See, for example, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA).

A third category of activists operates using the leaderless resistance model, working in covert cells consisting of small numbers of trusted friends, or of one individual acting alone. These cells engage in direct action: for example by carrying out raids to release animals from laboratories and farms, using names like the Animal Liberation Front (ALF); or by boycotting and targeting anyone or any business associated with the controversial animal testing lab, Huntingdon Life Sciences (HLS), using a campaign name like Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty (SHAC). Some arson, property destruction and vandalism has been linked to various animal rights groups

Activists who have carried out or threatened acts of physical violence have operated using the names; Animal Rights Militia (ARM), Justice Department, Revolutionary Cells—Animal Liberation brigade (RCALB), Hunt Retribution Squad (HRS) and the Militant Forces Against Huntingdon Life Sciences (MFAH).

Some activists have attempted blackmail and other illegal activities, such as the intimidation campaign to close Darley Oaks farm, which involved hate mail, malicious phonecalls, bomb threats, arson attacks and property destruction, climaxing in the theft of the corpse of Gladys Hammond, the owners' mother-in-law, from a Staffordshire grave. Over a thousand ALF attacks in one year in the UK alone caused £2.6M of damage to property, prompting some experts to state that animal rights now tops the list of causes that prompt violence in the UK.

There are also a growing number of "open rescues," in which liberationists enter businesses to remove animals without trying to hide their identities. Open rescues tend to be carried out by committed individuals willing to go to jail if prosecuted, but so far no farmer has been willing to press charges.

Targeting researchers
Activists have targeted individual researchers and have shown up at homes in the middle of the night, threatening their families and children. Nevertheless, the animal rights movement claims to be overwhelmingly peaceful, and that such instances of violence have been used in efforts to try to tarnish the entire movement.

Criminalization of direct action methods
The U.S. Justice Department labels underground groups the Animal Liberation Front and the Earth Liberation Front as terrorist organizations. A 13 November 2003 edition of CBS News' 60 Minutes charged that "eco-terrorists," a term used by the United States government to refer to the Animal Liberation Front and Earth Liberation Front, are considered by the FBI to be "the country's biggest domestic terrorist threat." John Lewis, a Deputy Assistant Director for Counterterrorism at the FBI, stated in a 60 Minutes interview that these groups "have caused over $100 million worth of damage nationwide", and that "there are more than 150 investigations of eco-terrorist crimes underway". "Animal Enterprise Terrorism Act", the legislation which allows federal authorities to "help prevent, better investigate, and prosecute individuals who seek to halt biomedical research through acts of intimidation, harassment, and violence" was adopted in the USA in 2006. It has also been described as having 'a chilling effect' on free speech.

Inter-movement activity
Animal rights factions address injustices against a variety of groups, therein emphasizing a connection between discrimination against humans and discrimination against nonhuman animals. An intersectional orientation is seen online, on websites and social media, and also in offline activity. In Turkey, animal rights groups commonly join other social movements by aligning with online and offline campaigns. In Istanbul's 2013 Gezi Park protests, which began as an environmental movement against urban development efforts, various social movement groups participated. Among them were animal rights activists that saw the protests as an opportunity to raise concerns about speciesism. Animal rights activists' involvement in the protests changed the opinions of animal rights movement outsiders who had previously viewed vegan animal rights activists as elitist. This allowed for increased legitimacy and network expansion; the animal rights movement in Istanbul is composed of multi-movement actors from the feminist movement, LGBT+ movement, and antimilitarist movement, and such inter-movement interaction has led to increased coverage of veganism and animal rights by leftist news sites in Turkey.

Countermovement
Opposition to the animal rights movement comes primarily from corporate and state actors. Mass media, agribusiness, and biomedicine industries often portray activists in a negative light, characterizing the movement as misanthropic, sensationalist, and dangerous to scientific endeavors and human well-being because of activists' high levels of expressed empathy for nonhuman animals. Mass media also frequently portray nonhuman animals as objects. Major pharmaceutical companies have taken legal measures to disallow protestors from targeting their companies.

The abolitionist faction of the animal rights movement often faces counterframing by dominant reformist organizations of the movement that frame radical advocacy as idealistic and schismatic. These reform-oriented nonhuman rights organizations direct resources to countering abolitionist claims and blocking abolitionists' access to discursive spheres. Another example of counterframing from opposition movement actors is found in Switzerland's 1998 referendum cycle, in which antivivisectionists' claims that animal research should be abolished were contested with claims that mobilized the public more. Antivivisection claims, which framed animal research as facilitating the genetic engineering of foods in hopes of seizing on public fear of genetic engineering, were countered by scientists and animal researchers, who framed vivisection as medically necessary to ensure human well-being.

title: Animal rights movement


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Heian shogi

Heian shōgi (平安将棋 "Heian era shogi") is a predecessor of modern shogi. Some form of the game of Chaturanga, the ancestor of both chess and shogi, reached Japan by the 9th century, if not earlier, but the earliest surviving Japanese description of the rules dates from the early 12th century (c. 1120, during the Heian period). Unfortunately, this description does not give enough information to actually play the game, but this has not stopped people from attempting to reconstruct this early form of shogi.

Rules of the game
Piece movements were as in modern shogi, but there was no rook or bishop. The board appears to have been 9×8 or 8×8. The setup is unknown, but can reasonably be assumed to have been the same as in modern shogi (minus the rook and bishop, and minus a gold general in the 8×8 case), although it's possible that the pawns started on the second rank rather than the third. It can safely be assumed that the game was played without drops. This article outlines a fairly complete set of rules that can make the game playable in modern times.

Objective
The objective of the game is to either capture your opponent's king or all the other pieces.

Game equipment
Two players, Black and White (先手 sente and 後手 gote), play on a board ruled into a grid of 8 or 9 ranks (rows) by 8 or 9 files (columns). The squares are undifferentiated by marking or color.

Each player has a set of 16 or 18 wedge-shaped pieces, of slightly different sizes. From largest to smallest (most to least powerful) they are:

 * 1 king
 * 1 or 2 gold generals
 * 2 silver generals
 * 2 knights
 * 2 lances
 * 8 or 9 pawns

Most of the English names were chosen to correspond to rough equivalents in Western chess, rather than as translations of the Japanese names.

Each piece has its name in the form of two kanji written on its face. On the reverse side of some pieces are two other characters, often in a different color (commonly red instead of black); this reverse side is turned up to indicate that the piece has been promoted during play. The pieces of the two sides do not differ in color, but instead each piece is shaped like a wedge, and faces forward, toward the opposing side. This shows who controls the piece during play.

Table of pieces
Listed here are the pieces of the game with their Japanese representation.

Silver generals and gold generals are commonly referred to simply as silvers and golds, parallel to their abbreviations in Japanese.

The characters inscribed on the backs of the pieces to indicate promoted rank may be in red ink. All pieces except the king and gold general promote to gold.

Setup
Below is the board setup for a 9x8 board. Different possible boards, of size 8x9 or 8x8, can be obtained from this size board by removing the e-row (五-row), the sixth column, or both.

Each side places his pieces in the positions shown below, pointing toward the opponent.

 * In the rank nearest the player:
 * The king is placed in the center file or left of center.
 * The two gold generals are placed in the adjacent files to the king or one to its right.
 * The two silver generals are placed adjacent to each gold general or gold general and king.
 * The two knights are placed adjacent to each silver general.
 * The two lances are placed in the corners, adjacent to each knight.

That is, the first rank is |L|N|S|G|K|G|S|N|L| or |L|N|S|K|G|S|N|L|.

 * In the third rank, the eight or nine pawns are placed one in each file.

Game play
The players alternate making a move, with Black moving first. (The traditional terms 'black' and 'white' are used to differentiate the sides during discussion of the game, but are no longer literally descriptive.) A move consists of moving a single piece on the board and potentially promoting that piece or displacing (capturing) an opposing piece.

Movement and capture
An opposing piece is captured by displacement: That is, if a piece moves to a square occupied by an opposing piece, the opposing piece is displaced and removed from the board. A piece cannot move to a square occupied by a friendly piece (meaning another piece controlled by the moving player).

Each piece on the game moves in a characteristic pattern. Pieces move either orthogonally (that is, forward, backward, left, or right, in the direction of one of the arms of a plus sign, +), or diagonally (in the direction of one of the arms of a multiplication sign, ×). The knight is an exception in that it does not move in a straight line.

If a lance or pawn, which cannot retreat or move aside, advances across the board until it can no longer move, it must be promoted upon reaching the farthest rank. This also applies to the knight upon reaching either of the two farthest ranks.

The movement categories are:

Step movers
Some pieces move only one square at a time. (If a friendly piece occupies an adjacent square, the moving piece may not move in that direction; if an opposing piece is there, it may be displaced and captured.)

The step movers are the king, gold general, silver general and pawn.

Jumping piece
The knight can jump, that is, it can pass over any intervening piece, whether friend or foe, with no effect on either.

Ranging piece
The lance can move any number of empty squares along a straight line, limited only by the edge of the board. If an opposing piece intervenes, it may be captured by moving to that square and removing it from the board. A ranging piece must stop where it captures, and cannot bypass a piece that is in its way. If a friendly piece intervenes, the moving piece is limited to a distance that stops short of the intervening piece; if the friendly piece is adjacent, it cannot move in that direction at all.

Individual pieces
Below are diagrams indicating each piece's movement. Betza's funny notation has been included in brackets for easier reference.

 * ○ - Steps to a square.

 * ☆ - Leaps to a square (jumping over any intervening piece).

 * │ - Ranging movement (may cross any number of empty squares).

Promotion
A player's promotion zone consists of the three farthest ranks, at the original line of the opponent's pawns and beyond (that is, the opponent's territory at setup). If a piece crosses the board within the promotion zone, including moves into, out of, or wholly within the zone then that player may choose to promote the piece at the end of the turn. Promotion is effected by turning the piece over after it moves, revealing the name of its promoted rank.

Promoting a piece has the effect of changing how that piece moves until it is removed from the board. Each piece promotes as follows:

 * A king or a gold general cannot promote, nor can pieces which are already promoted.
 * A silver general, knight, lance or pawn, when promoted, loses its normal movement and gains the movement of a gold general.

If a pawn, knight or lance reaches the farthest rank, it must be promoted, since it would otherwise have no legal move on subsequent turns. For the same reason, a knight reaching the last-but-one rank must be promoted.

Check and mate
When a player makes a move such that the opponent's king could be captured on the following move, the move is said to give check to the king; the king is said to be in check. If a player's king is in check and no legal move by that player will get the king out of check, the checking move is also mate, and effectively wins the game.

A player is not allowed to give perpetual check.

Game end
A player who captures the opponent's king or all of the other pieces (bare king) wins the game. In practice this rarely happens, as a player will resign when checkmated, as otherwise when loss is inevitable.

A player who makes an illegal move loses immediately. (This rule may be relaxed in casual games.)

There are two other possible (but fairly uncommon) ways for a game to end: repetition (千日手 sennichite) and impasse (持将棋 jishōgi).

If the same position occurs four times with the same player to play, then the game is no contest. (Recall, however, the prohibition against perpetual check.)

The game reaches an impasse if both kings have advanced into their respective promotion zones and neither player can hope to mate the other or to gain any further material.

Game notation
The method used in English-language texts to express shogi moves was established by George Hodges in 1976. It is derived from the algebraic notation used for chess, but differs in several respects.

A typical example is P-8f. The first letter represents the piece moved: P = pawn, L = lance, N = knight, S = silver, G = gold, K = king. Promoted pieces have a + added in front of the letter. e.g., +P for a tokin (promoted pawn). The designation of the piece is followed by a symbol indicating the type of move: - for an ordinary move or x for a capture. Next is the designation for the square on which the piece lands. This consists of a number representing the file and a lowercase letter representing the rank, with 1a being the top right corner (as seen from Black's point of view) and 8h  or 9h being the bottom left corner. (This method of designating squares is based on Japanese convention, which, however, uses Japanese numerals instead of letters. For example, the square 2c is denoted by 2三 in Japanese.)

If a move entitles the player to promote the piece, then a + is added to the end to signify that the promotion was taken, or an = to indicate that it was declined. For example, Nx7c= indicates a knight capturing on 7c without promoting.

In cases where the above notation would be ambiguous, the designation of the start square is added after the designation for the piece in order to make clear which piece is meant. For example, in the initial position Black may have two golds which can be moved to the square 5g in front of the king, and these are distinguished as G6h-5g (moving the left one) and G4h-5g (moving the right one).

Moves are commonly numbered as in chess. For example, the start of a game might look like this: 1. P-7e  P-3d 2. P-2e  G-3b

title: Heian shogi


text: User talk:68.73.190.18

title: User talk:68.73.190.18


text:
Pictou Academy

Pictou Academy (PA), founded in 1815 by Dr. Thomas McCulloch, is a secondary school in Pictou, Nova Scotia. Prior to the twentieth century, it was a grammar school; a liberal, nonsectarian degree-granting college; and then a secondary school. Pictou Academy's current principal is Starr Pettipas. The Pictou Academy Educational Foundation provides additional funds to the school.

The original site of the academy was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1937, as it symbolized the introduction of nonsectarian education to The Maritimes in the early 19th century.

In 2017 the CCRSB elected a board of supervisors to survey the three schools in the town of Pictou. After a vote in the end process of the surveying the board decided upon closing the building constructed in the 1940s and moving Pictou Academy to the building beside what was formerly known as Dr. Thomas McCulloch Middle School.

History
In 1808, Thomas McCulloch (1776 - 1843), the academy's founder and first principal (1816 - 1837), established a grammar school at Pictou in his home. The school quickly outgrew the home, as it became popular with families outside of Pictou, attracting students from neighbouring PEI and Cape Breton Island, as well as from British colonies in the Caribbean Islands. This led to its expansion, and a separate log building was constructed as the school building. The school was granted government funding only in 1811; prior to this, its operation relied on subscriptions from local residents. In 1814, with an student body of 30-40 students, the log building was destroyed by fire. McCulloch then turned to the lieutenant governor in Halifax, who provided £100 to rebuild.

In 1815, McCulloch formally established the Pictou Academy, which "on 25 March 1816 the House passed an 'Act for founding, establishing and maintaining an Academy at Pictou'" in Nova Scotia, receiving royal assent. This act provided for the initial financial viability of the academy. In 1831, Pictou Academy became the second degree-granting institution in the British North American colonies.

McCulloch was a Presbyterian minister ordained in the Secessionist church in Scotland. He arrived in Pictou in 1803 and by 1806, he had written about the need for a college because King's, the only degree-granting college in Nova Scotia at that time, was open to only 20% of the population, due to its Anglican and Oxfordian precepts. McCulloch wanted a nonsectarian college that would train local ministers and offer to all a liberal scientific curriculum modelled on the University of Glasgow.

At Pictou, McCulloch began to build up its library and collected insect and bird specimens for a natural history museum. This collection was so extensive that John James Audubon, in a visit in 1833, called it "The finest private collection in North America."

Throughout his years as principal, McCulloch had a constant struggle with government funding, trustees, the status of the academy, and religious groups, both in Pictou and the province. For many years, the Legislative Assembly approved a grant for the academy but the Council rejected or reduced the grant. McCulloch fought vigorously for his ideas, but by 1837, he was in a very difficult position and left the academy to become the first principal of the new Dalhousie College in Halifax. McCulloch remained at Pictou for 35 years.

The academy went through several phases. To 1831 it was a college but after this, a grammar school was added to the college. By 1842, the school had female students and had its college status taken away making it a grammar school only. The school's enrollment ranged widely over the years but by the 1870s, with the changes in school policies in Nova Scotia, the academy was flourishing and became a model secondary institution with excellent facilities and higher grants. Students passed exams to enter the academy which was free to county students. From the beginning, the plan was to keep fees low, and some students did attend for free during the early years.

The emphasis on an academic curriculum with competition and examinations led to Pictou Academy students taking a larger proportion of prizes and bursaries than any other academy in the province. By 1885 it was the largest secondary school in Nova Scotia with students coming from across the province as well as from other countries. As a result, the academy has a long list of famous graduates in all walks of life.

Many gifts and prizes were left to Pictou Academy by its students and others and in 1916, the centenary committee took on a role of continuing support. In 1919, the committee incorporated itself into the PA Augmentation Fund. Later on, it became The Pictou Academy Educational Foundation.

The first building was constructed in 1818 and was used until 1879. A second, larger building opened in 1880 but burned in 1895. The third building also burned and Pictou Academy's current building opened in 1940.

Not only was Pictou Academy an important educational institution, but "Over it was fought the battle of the nineteenth century against unconstitutional government and religious intolerance. It was largely over the rights and wrongs of the Academy more than any other question that the fight was waged and won for responsible government in Nova Scotia." (MacPhie, 1914, p. 135)

Traditions

 * The Breakup: One of Pictou Academy's oldest traditions is The Breakup. It is essentially a prom, but is rarely referred to as such; instead, students use the traditional title of Breakup. It's a time when all the graduates come together for their final dance as a class. Although other grade levels (nine, ten and eleven) are allowed to attend, the night is designed for the graduates.
 * The Grand March: Closely tied to The Breakup is The Grand March. All of those couples who will be attending The Breakup arrive in the late afternoon, early evening and line up outside the school . They all move down the walkway arm in arm down the driveway and up the pathway through the lawn and eventually into the school. It's a large event, drawing quite a crowd every year.

Sports
Some of the students at Pictou Academy are sports enthusiasts. The school has been known to produce a variety of sport teams who have competed up to the provincial level. Some years the school has over twenty different teams with some funding provided by the school. Among the sports regularly available are:
 * Badminton
 * Baseball
 * Basketball
 * Cross-country
 * Dragon boat
 * Golf
 * Hockey
 * Rugby
 * Soccer
 * Softball
 * Table tennis
 * Track and field

The Pictou Academy sports teams had a successful year in 2010–2011, making it to provincials in golf, basketball, hockey and softball. In the 2012-2013 year, the Senior Girls Basketball team reached the Division 3 provincials for the first time in seven years.

Notable graduates

 * Ada Brownrigg received the first Arts degree awarded to a woman in Canada
 * Alexander Cameron (1834-1917), medical doctor and politician in Quebec
 * Sir John William Dawson was a notable geologist and educator
 * Frank Parker Day sportsman, soldier, naturalist, and was a well-known Canadian author and English Professor. He became the academy's first Rhodes Scholar
 * John Geddie (missionary)
 * Dr Donald L. Grant was a Health Evaluation Division director at Health Canada, and an advisor to the World Health Organization.
 * Dr Katharine Joane Mackay (d. 1925) (married name MacKenzie) was second woman to graduate from Dalhousie medical school(1895) and the first woman graduate of Pictou Academy to do so.
 * Reverend John Norman Maclean, born in Pictou in 1862; later attended Dalhousie University, the University of Manitoba and the San Francisco Theological Seminary; father of celebrated author Norman Fitzroy Maclean (A River Runs Through It, Young Men and Fire)
 * George Monro (1812-1896), born in West River, Nova Scotia. Died in Pine Hill, New York, USA. Publisher and Philanthropist. Known for publishing Seaside Library, a weekly journal covering history, biography, travel and religious works. Munro made substantial gifts to Dalhousie University, starting at a time when there was talk of Dalhousie closing due to financial challenges.  Over the course of his life Munro established Chairs in a variety of departments and totaled donations of $500,000.  Dalhousie annually celebrates "Monro Day" on the first Friday of February.
 * Rear Admiral Leonard Murray was Canada's most important commander during the Battle of the Atlantic
 * Dr M. Clara Olding (1869-1921) (married name Hebb) was third woman to graduate from Dalhousie medical school (1896) and the second woman graduate of Pictou Academy to do so.
 * Charles B. Patterson, author and leader of the Canadian therapeutic movement.
 * Sir W. J. Ritchie later became Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Canada
 * James McGregor Stewart, prominent corporate lawyer, coal administrator during the Second World War, and founder of the Halifax law firm, Stewart McKelvey.

title: Pictou Academy


text: Category:Seminole

title: Category:Seminole


text:
User:UtherSRG/military aircraft

This is a list of military aircraft I have been priviledged to see for various reasons.

Boeing

 * B-52 Stratofortress
 * KC-135 Stratotanker

Lockheed Martin

 * Lockheed
 * C-130 Hercules
 * General Dynamics
 * F-16 Fighting Falcon - C/D, E/F, and I models

McDonnell Douglas

 * F-15 Eagle
 * F/A-18 Hornet

title: User:UtherSRG/military aircraft


text:
Zodiac (Latvian band)

Zodiac (Зодиак, Zodiaks) was a Latvian space disco music band that existed in the 1980s when Latvia was then a part of the Soviet Union. The band was extremely popular in the Soviet Union and has been credited by critics as the Soviet answer to the French band Space who were popular at the time.

Biography
Zodiac was formed by Jānis Lūsēns, then studying composition at the Latvian State Conservatory in Riga (now Jāzeps Vītols Latvian Academy of Music). The other four members of the group were also students of various faculties of the same conservatory.

Zodiac's first vinyl record Disco Alliance (Диско альянс, Disko alianse) was released in 1980 on the monopolist Melodiya label, during the band members' studentship. The album was produced by Aleksandrs Grīva, the father of band member Zane Grīva. The music featured a lot of then-unusual synthesized sounds and effects together with more conventional euro disco elements.

The second album Music in the Universe (Музыка во Вселенной) released two years later was much inspired by a meeting with cosmonauts in the Star City, Moscow and their tales about space flights. The music of the second album was much more rock-influenced than the first.

During that time the band also performed the music of Viktor Vlasov for the films Женские радости и печали (Woman's Joys and Sorrows, 1982) and Экипаж машины боевой (The Tank Crew, 1983), the soundtracks for both films were released on a vinyl record Music from the Films (Музыка из кинофильмов) in 1985. The music of the group was also used in the documentary film about the cosmonaut artist Alexei Leonov Звёздная палитра (Star Palette, 1982).

The album In memoriam was composed and produced by Jānis Lūsēns alone and released in 1989. The album was dedicated to the ancient and modern cultural and natural heritage of Latvia. The sounding of the album turned from disco to light techno/synthpop while gaining a lot of classical music influences as well as the influence of Jean Michel Jarre's ambient works.

The last album Clouds was released in 1991 by RiTonis (former Melodiya). It contains a hit song of the early 1990s in Latvia "My favourite flowers".

Disco Alliance and Music in the Universe were released together on compact disc by Mikrofona Ieraksti (which represents EMI in the Baltic states).

In the early 2000s, the Russian electronic duo PPK recorded a remix of Zodiac's composition "Zodiac" from the Disco Alliance album. This remix, titled "Reload", entered the charts in a number of territories.

In 2016, the band appeared on New Year's Eve show on Russian Channel One, performing "Pacific".

Discography
All the albums are equally known under their Russian and English titles and had both spellings on their original covers.

 * Disco Alliance (1980)
 * 1) Zodiac
 * 2) Pacific
 * 3) Provincial Disco
 * 4) Polo
 * 5) Mirage
 * 6) Rock on the Ice
 * 7) Alliance

 * Music in the Universe (1982)
 * 1) The Mysterious Galaxy
 * 2) Laser Illumination
 * 3) Silver Dream
 * 4) Photo Finish
 * 5) The Other Side of Heaven
 * 6) In the Light of Saturn
 * 7) Flight Over El Dorado

 * Music from the films (Музыка из kинофильмов, Muzyka iz kinofilmov) (1985) (Russian only)

 * In memoriam (1989) (Russian only)
 * 1) In Memoriam / V Kurzeme (In Courland)
 * 2) Ostrov Moritsala (Moricsala Island)
 * 3) V Muzeye Pod Otkrytym Nebom (In the Open Air Museum)
 * 4) Rundalskiy Dvorets (Rundāle Palace)
 * 5) Doma Staroy Rigi (Houses of Old Riga)
 * 6) Pastorale (bergerette)
 * 7) Na Gore Zilayskalns (On the Mount Zilaiskalns)

 * Mākoņi (Clouds) (1991) (Latvian only)
 * 1) Pakrēšļa puķes (Twilight Flowers)
 * 2) Staburags un saules meitiņa (Staburags and the Daughter of the Sun)
 * 3) Veltījums (Dedication)
 * 4) Daugava (Daugava River)
 * 5) Manas mīļākās puķes(My Favourite Flowers)
 * 6) Mākoņi (Clouds)
 * 7) Es tevis meklēju (Searching for You)
 * 8) Rotaļa (A Game)
 * 9) Bohēmieša dziesma (Bohemian's Song)

Line-up
Since the group rarely performed live every new album had a new line-up except the producer Jānis Lūsēns.

Disco Alliance:
 * Jānis Lūsēns – ARP Omni, ARP Odyssey, celesta, production
 * Zane Grīva – piano, ARP Omni, vocals
 * Andris Sīlis – guitar
 * Ainārs Ašmanis – bass guitar
 * Andris Reinis – drums
 * Aleksander Grīva – production

Music in the Universe:
 * Jānis Lūsēns – piano, Yamaha SK-50D, production
 * Aivars Gudrais – guitar on tracks 2–4, 6
 * Dzintars Sāgens – guitar on tracks 1, 5, 7
 * Ivars Piļka – bass guitar
 * Andris Reinis – drums
 * Aleksander Grīva – production

The line-up on Music from the Films is unknown, the original CD cover has only the following info:
 * Viktor Vlasov – composition
 * Aleksander Grīva – producing, sound engineering

In memoriam:
 * Jānis Lūsēns – synthesizers, piano, production
 * Zigfrīds Muktupāvels – vocals, DDD-1, violin
 * Dzintars Sāgens – computer, guitar
 * Guntis Zvirgzdiņš – synthesizer
 * Maija Lūsēna – vocals on track 4
 * Normunds Šnē – oboe on track 3
 * Aivars Gudrais – guitar on track 5
 * Ivars Piļka – sound engineering

Clouds:
 * Jānis Lūsēns – synthesizers, piano, production
 * Maija Lūsēna – vocals
 * Zigfrīds Muktupāvels – vocals, programming, violin
 * Aivars Gudrais – guitar
 * Gatis Gaujenieks – sound engineering
 * Ivars Piļka – sound engineering
 * P. Joksts – cover design

title: Zodiac (Latvian band)


text:
User talk:Mormonchess

Welcome, form Journalist
Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!  Journalist ''' C./ Holla @ me! |undefined
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
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title: User talk:Mormonchess


text: Category:Ukrainian Canadians

title: Category:Ukrainian Canadians


text:
User talk:Math.campbell

Welcome, form Journalist
Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!  Journalist ''' C./ Holla @ me! |undefined
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Welcome, from User:Jester2001
Hey, Math.Campbell, welcome to Wikipedia!! Thanks for your contributions to modo. Jester2001 20:36, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

File source problem with File:Coat of Arms Inverclyde.svg
Thank you for uploading File:Coat of Arms Inverclyde.svg. I noticed that the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you did not create this file yourself, you will need to specify the owner of the copyright. If you obtained it from a website, please add a link to the page from which it was taken, together with a brief restatement of the website's terms of use of its content. If the original copyright holder is a party unaffiliated with the website, that author should also be credited. Please add this information by editing the image description page.

If the necessary information is not added within the next days, the image will be deleted. If the file is already gone, you can still make a request for undeletion and ask for a chance to fix the problem.

Please refer to the image use policy to learn what images you can or cannot upload on Wikipedia. Please also check any other files you have uploaded to make sure they are correctly tagged. Here is a [ list of your uploads]. If you have any questions or are in need of assistance please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Sfan00 IMG (talk) 17:10, 26 October 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Math.campbell


text:
User talk:Pjwhams

Welcome, form Journalist
Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!  Journalist ''' C./ Holla @ me! |undefined
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Pjwhams


text:
User talk:Lecartia

See my German discussion site. -- Lecartia 21:06, 8 June 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Lecartia


text:
User talk:Jkelly

Because of their length, the previous discussions on this page have been archived. If further archiving is needed, see How to archive a talk page.

Previous discussions:

 * Archive 1 (September 2 2005 to November 7 2005)
 * Archive 2 (November 7 2005 to January 8 2006)
 * Archive 3 (January 10 2006 to March 10 2006)
 * Archive 4 (March 11 2006 to May 1 2006)
 * Archive 5 (May 2 2006 to June 23 2006)
 * Archive 6 (June 23 2006 to August 5 2006)
 * Archive 7 (August 5 2006 to October 31 2006)
 * Archive 8 (October 31 2006 to January 30 2007)
 * Archive 9 (January 31 2007 to March 21 2007)
 * Archive 10 (March 13 2007 to December 1 2007)
 * Archive 11 (December 1 2007 to December 24 2008)

Happy holidays!
I hope all is well, Jkelly, and that you have a wonderful holiday season and a great rest of 2008! Cheers, Iamunknown 09:11, 25 December 2008 (UTC)

Hello, Jkelly! Welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for any and all contributions to this freepedia. If you decide that you need help, ask Krampus or just reach for a beer. Please remember to, um, you know, and all that sort of thing. RS good, OR bad. Sock it to your readers! -- Hoary (talk) 23:14, 8 January 2009 (UTC)

re roberto calasso - same answer as on my talk page: sorry, my evil twin grabbed the steering wheelPilobola (talk) 21:05, 10 January 2009 (UTC)

Really nice to see you again
It seems like you've been gone for years, and I've just noticed you back again. I missed you! It just always brings me pleasure to see you editing, or to see you dealing with other editors in your fantastic gentle, respectful manner. I think you were the first administrator I "met" here, and you've set a benchmark for editing that I've yet to see surpassed.

That's all, I just wanted to say hi. All the best! Fuzzypeg★ 12:43, 14 January 2009 (UTC)

No content in Category:Suspected Wikipedia sockpuppets of User:ZoguShqiptar700
Hello, this is a message from an automated bot. A tag has been placed on Category:Suspected Wikipedia sockpuppets of User:ZoguShqiptar700, by another Wikipedia user, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. The tag claims that it should be speedily deleted because Category:Suspected Wikipedia sockpuppets of User:ZoguShqiptar700 has been empty for at least four days, and its only content has been links to parent categories. (CSD C1). To contest the tagging and request that administrators wait before possibly deleting Category:Suspected Wikipedia sockpuppets of User:ZoguShqiptar700, please affix the template to the page, and put a note on its talk page. If the article has already been deleted, see the advice and instructions at WP:WMD. Feel free to contact the bot operator if you have any questions about this or any problems with this bot, bearing in mind that '''this bot is only informing you of the nomination for speedy deletion; it does not perform any nominations or deletions itself. To see the user who deleted the page, click here''' CSDWarnBot (talk) 04:41, 24 January 2009 (UTC)

Jkelly was inducted into The Hall of The Greats
Overdue - you have for years done a lot of great work on photography. The inscription is in the description]]. -- David  Shankbone  15:23, 27 January 2009 (UTC)

Final version
As a contributor to the discussion regarding sports team logos, I am soliciting feedback as to the latest version of that guideline. Your support/opposition/feedback would be appreciated. — BQZip01 — talk 21:59, 2 February 2009 (UTC)

Christianity
My edit to the Christianity page wasn't a test. I meant it as a serious edit.Moby-Dick3000 (talk) 00:42, 3 February 2009 (UTC)

Communitychannel
Hi, I am trying to get two files (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NT_Bus_stop_Say_Goodbye_scene.jpg and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NT_vlog_general.jpg) accepted by OTRS into commons. I have put the ticket numbers onto the respective pages but haven't heard from any OTRS volunteers since I did that. I admit I am fairly new and I may be missing a step, but I believe that copyright permission from the author has been proved (sent to permissions-commons@wiki) and I have done what I am supposed to. I would greatly appreciate your attention/guidance. Thanks, ----aaftabj-- (talk) 16:57, 22 March 2009 (UTC)

Question
You are listed as the uploader of. I'm curious how you came by it. My father, a psychoanalyst, has a copy in his office (8x10). I need to ask him where his came from, but I'm curious about your source. Thanks. PalMD (talk) 18:36, 9 April 2009 (UTC)

Wikipedia talk:Non-free content/Archive 41
Jkelly,

I'm asking your advice on the issue of NF pictures where the copyright holder is unknown. I see from the archive that you removed the "where possible" from this requirement in the NFC criteria. I'd like to know if specifying the copyright holder is a legal requirement for claiming fair use of non-free content. I appreciate that if it is, then "we canot make an exception to identifying copyright holder because research is hard" (your edit summary) but there are some consequences, I think: Would it be possible for you to comment on this matter. Any talk-page lurkers with legal knowledge on this matter are also welcome (those whose opinion is uninformed are not :-). Thanks very much. Colin°Talk 12:34, 10 April 2009 (UTC)
 * 1) Almost none of WP's non-free images mention the copyright holder.
 * 2) Many such images have attribution/sourcing that is limited to a URL to where the image was found.
 * 3) Since, on the web, the source of an image (the web page) is very often not the original publisher of the image, and even the original publisher is not often the copyright holder, it seems likely that criterion 10a is not being met by nearly all non-free images on WP.
 * 4) Some editors point out that the copyright holder can be assumed to be the author, or the publisher (e.g. the record label). I suspect both of these conflicting opinions are too simplistic. Therefore one cannot just guess who the copyright holder is.
 * 5) I think (but not sure) that licensing info is not the same as copyright info. For example, the photo could be licensed from Corbis but the copyright lies with the photographer.
 * 6) Unless the source of the image mentions who the copyright holder is, it would often require a professional search to find out.
 * 7) If the copyright-holder aspect of 10a was enforced (and properly, not just taking someone's word (guess) for it), most non-free images on WP would be deleted.
 * 8) There is tension at AfD where images are being criticised for failing the second-part of 10a, despite this being true for nearly all other non-free images. I know WP:OTHERCRAPEXISTS but this is WP:ITISALLCRAP.

 * Identifying the copyright holder is really important! Ignoring all of the practical benefits of doing so for the moment, the author of any article containing the potentially infringing content should be very motivated to demonstrate that they were engaged in best practices, or, as we might put it, acting in good faith.

 * I think that you're overstating the difficulty here a little. Most of our non-free content is album/book/movie/video game covers.  This stuff is just copyright the producer.  It's really easy to identify.  Maybe we'll get that wrong from time to time when there's an unusual arrangement we don't know about, but I wouldn't worry much about that.  Stuff that's just listed with a link isn't properly sourced, so it has a problem beyond just identifying the copyright holder.  Who's the author?  Where did it come from?  If it's just random stuff from some webpage, we should make a replacement ourselves.  Stuff from image databases like Corbis is radioactive, and we shouldn't go anywhere near it, so it doesn't matter whether Corbis is the copyright holder.  I'm inclined to think that stuff that a) is really hard to source, b) is really necessary for the encyclopedia project, c) fits our criteria for including non-free content (including cannot be replaced in any way) is going to be such a small category that we can take the time to do a search for it.  Jkelly (talk) 20:25, 14 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Thanks for replying. There's a proposal over at Wikipedia talk:Non-free content you might like to comment on. I have a book which credits the cover design to one person and the cover photo to Corbis but doesn't say the copyright belongs to the designer (it might not, I gather, if their work isn't sufficiently original). Could we use such a book cover on WP even though the only copyright on the book cover might be the Corbis photo, which you say are radioactive. Most of the books I've looked at don't claim copyright for the publisher but for photographer/agency licensing the photos used or occasionally the artist. This makes me think the default "copyright belongs to the publisher" is wrong too often.Colin°Talk 21:45, 14 April 2009 (UTC)

New image project
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Frank McCourt
Hey there - are you aware of Frank McCourt's illness? -- >David  Shankbone  17:18, 16 July 2009 (UTC)

Canada at FAR
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Featured Articles review
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FAR notice
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Hello Jkelly
Dear Jkelly,

I'm reaching out to researchers and writers interested in the emerging, or re-emerging, movements inspired by ancient culture in the areas of religion/theology/mythology/culture...I spare-headed an artistic collaboration between a music professor, rock-vocalist and poet to create a modern multi-media experience of the cathardic journey inspired by ancient pagan poetic traditions; A romance to nature seen as a beautiful, divine and omnipotent woman.

It has singularly been my goal to respect tradition while allowing a free and spontaneous interpretation...I believe the utility of a quasi-rebirth of some aspects of the ancient religious tendancies would be achieved in an increase of tolerance, sympathy, and freedom of expression in our modern discoures on religion...so much needed. Until we have a cultural revolution tantamount to the politcal revolutions of the 18th and 19th centuries [aiding the rebirth of a government of, by and for the people] in the area of religion, I will not rest. Until the rebirth of religions which are of, by and for the people, as fluid as art, as deep as mythology and theology and as powerful as culture, I do not believe we will be truly free no matter what economic or political conditions surround us. Democracy without a democratic cultural is as frustrating as it is ineffectual.

If you have a moment could you peruse the poetry project site. http://www.misbeliever.net As you are a worker in these areas, having ebhanced the Wikipedia, the world's greatest encyclopedia, I would be very honored with any remarks or critisms you could offer either me or my collaborators.

thanks much,

sincerely

Pdiffenderfer (talk) 00:26, 1 July 2011 (UTC)

paul m. diffenderfer

düsseldorf germany +49 (0) 178 178 2117 http://www.misbeliever.net pdiffenderfer@yahoo.com — Preceding unsigned comment added by Pdiffenderfer (talk • contribs) 00:36, 1 July 2011 (UTC)

Suspension of admin privileges due to inactivity
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title: User talk:Jkelly