text:
Talk:Weasel

Untitled
Why show a photo of a caged animal? Surely a better photo is available.

Mustelids
Are all of the Mustelinae genera other than Gulo, Martes, and Eira normally described as "weasels," and not just Mustela? john k 15:16, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * there's a tricky European vs. N. American distinction here - in Europe it's really only the Least Weasel that's ever called a weasel. So keeping the more generic use on the narrow side is probably a sensible course to avoid confusion.  seglea 22:58, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Europeans don't call all those other kinds of weasels weasels? I understand that they have stoats and polecats and minks for the other European species of Mustela, but there are a whole ton of non-European animals which are only called weasels, and which Europeans must call weasels - at least, I've never heard that they call them anything else, or read a book where they are called anything else, or read of any alternative names for them at all.  At any rate, it is not appropriate to compromise between a supposed European convention (weasel only means Mustela nivalis) and a North American convention (weasel means almost all of Mustelinae) by adopting a convention nobody uses (weasel means Mustela).  What are Vormela, Lyncodon, and Poecilogale if they are not weasels?  The fact that the word "weasel" is used to refer specifically to M. nivalis doesn't mean that Europeans never use it in a more generic sense. john k 23:34, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * It is not a "supposed European convention" that only M. nivalis is called a "weasel" tout court in Europe; it's a fact about European usage of English. The OED, which is authoritative on such matters, gives as the meanings for "weasel" (though I blush for their knowledge of taxonomic terms etc):
 * 1. a. A carnivorous animal (Putorius nivalis), the smallest European species of the genus (of the order Mustelidæ) which includes the polecat, stoat, etc.... It is remarkable for its slender body, and for its ferocity and bloodthirstiness.
 * d. In some parts of England and Ireland confused with the STOAT, which is sometimes called ermine weasel or (when wearing its winter coat) white weasel.
 * 2. Applied with qualifying words to various animals belonging to the family Mustelidæ, or having some marked resemblance to the weasel, as fisher w. (see FISHER1 2b); four-toed w. = SURICATE; Malacca w. = RASSE; Mexican w. = KINKAJOU; water-w. (see WATER n. 30).
 * (the rest of the entry makes entertaining reading but isn't to the present point).
 * As to what words Europeans use for other members of Mustelidae, in my experience, European scientists and naturalists invariably refer to them as "mustelids", following the usual convention for forming an English word from the family name, and there isn't a particular usage for members of Mustela in general - as is commonly the situation for genera.  They certainly wouldn't be called "weasels", I guess because that's too strongly associated with M. nivalis (never called the Least Weasel in Europe).  Obviously where there's a name for another species that includes "weasel" that would be used (see OED's (2) above), but that has not generated a generic use of the term.
 * You're obviously right in principle that going for a convention that no-one uses makes no sense - I thought the boundaries were fuzzy in American usage, in which case we could choose where we put them, but I'll happily defer to Americans on what their usual usage of "weasel" is. It might be worth running a Google (or Scholar) search to get an idea of what the commonest denotation is. seglea 18:21, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * As to what words Europeans use for other members of Mustelidae, in my experience, European scientists and naturalists invariably refer to them as "mustelids", following the usual convention for forming an English word from the family name, and there isn't a particular usage for members of Mustela in general - as is commonly the situation for genera.  They certainly wouldn't be called "weasels", I guess because that's too strongly associated with M. nivalis (never called the Least Weasel in Europe).  Obviously where there's a name for another species that includes "weasel" that would be used (see OED's (2) above), but that has not generated a generic use of the term.
 * You're obviously right in principle that going for a convention that no-one uses makes no sense - I thought the boundaries were fuzzy in American usage, in which case we could choose where we put them, but I'll happily defer to Americans on what their usual usage of "weasel" is. It might be worth running a Google (or Scholar) search to get an idea of what the commonest denotation is. seglea 18:21, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

I'm not saying that people call the family as a whole weasels. But what do Europeans call Mustela frenata? I would imagine they call it a "Long-tailed Weasel." The fact that Europeans use "Weasel" to rever to M. nivalis doesn't mean that they only use Weasel to refer to M. nivalis. There are a bunch of animals which are not M. nivalis and which have "weasel" in their common name. The idea of these things being unable to coexist is ridiculous. We call the Domestic Pig "the Pig," but that doesn't mean that we don't refer to other Suids as "pigs." Felis silvestris (or F. s. catus) is called the "Cat," but that doesn't mean that other Felids aren't generally referred to as "cats." I notice that you ignore OED definition 2: "  2. Applied with qualifying words to various animals belonging to the family Mustelidæ, or having some marked resemblance to the weasel, "  There is nothing whatsoever to indicate that this meaning is used only in North America. I will repeat, then, that saying that "Weasel" applies only to Mustela is ridiculous. It seems to me that "Weasel" can be thought to refer only to M. nivalis, or to refer to the entire Mustelinae. But the idea that it is limited to Mustela is bizarre. john k 18:45, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * You're misunderstanding. Of course the Long-tailed weasel is called the Long-tailed weasel, anywhere (that's OED's meaning 2, which I didn't ignore - I cited it on exactly this point).  But unlike the situation with cats, where any member of Felidae is casually referred to as a cat, it's not true that in European usage that any member of Mustela (let alone any member of Mustelidae) is casually referred to as a weasel.  Of course "weasel" for M. nivalis and "weasel" for Mustelidae generally could co-exist, as the cat example shows; the fact is that they don't.  It's more like the situation for canids, where no-one would refer to a fox, even generically, as a dog.  You simply can't call a stoat a weasel, cf. the ancient riddle:
 * "How do you tell a stoat from a weasel?"
 * "A weasel is weasily recognised; a stoat is stoatally different"

seglea 15:32, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

Oh, okay, I got you. I would actually agree that all of mustelidae is not normally called "weasels." Certainly otters and badgers (and skunks, when they were included in mustelidae) are never referred to as weasels. In the Mustelinae, also, there are various individual species which are not referred to as weasels - notably the Wolverine, the Tayra, the various members of Martes, various animals which are called ferrets and polecats (not necessarily closely related to one another), the Stoat/Ermine (Ermine seems to be more common in North America...), the two species of mink. But here, at least, if one had to put a general term to the Mustelinae, it would be "weasels," I think. At any rate, we seem to be agreed that saying that Weasel=Mustela is wrong. How do you think this should be solved? I note that, at the moment, we have no page on the Mustelinae as a whole, and that the non-European genera of Mustelinae also have no articles. There seems to be significant room for improvement here. john k 15:53, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

 * agreed. Some groups tend to get like this - a bit of a job lot, with a mixture of good articles and very thin or wacky ones, and key collective articles missing.  Have a look at sciuridae and squirrel if you want to see a nasty mess, which I've  given up on for now.  Where we have good coverage on a taxon, it's usually because we have one enthusiast who resolutely monitors every page within it and gets rid of any rubbish that grows up.
 * There isn't a clear policy on subfamily pages (or other subtaxa, supertaxa, etc). There's at least a tacit agreement among those who edit natural history pages that if we have a page on any lower taxon, we should also make pages for all the higher taxa at the conventional levels.  But whether or not subtaxa etc get done is left to the judgement of those who know about the particular group.  I think it's nearly always worth doing if the subfamily was previously given family status (as within the Nymphelidae for example), not least because other sources will still be using the old family names.
 * If Weasel=Mustela is wrong in N America, then the best thing is to make Weasel a disambig which simply says that it can mean the Least Weasel, or can be used as a general term for Mustelinae, and let Mustela, Mustelinae and Mustelidae pages just have their systematic names.
 * on stoat/ermine, what I remember from childhood natural history is that the animal should only be called an ermine when it has its white winter coat on. But I'm not sure how strongly that has ever been maintained - another round with OED would be needed to sort that out.  Certainly ermine as a fur is always white, with the black tail tips, being the heraldic badge of members of the UK House of Lords, among other national embarrassments.  But I thought the Stoat was the American Short-tailed weasel (that's what our page on it says, anyway).
 * seglea 03:31, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

I wasn't aware that there was an American-short-tailed Weasel. As far as I was aware, in America we called it the "Ermine." and that was it...but I'm fairly drunk at the moment, so I may very well be wrong. john k 05:54, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

I thought that only "weasels" are strictly known as "weasels". Sure, on a broader meaning it can mean ferrets, polecats, stoats, skunks, zorillas, badgers, otters, wolverines, martens, fishers, grisons, ratels, stink badgers, ferret badgers, mink, etc, but strictly only weasels...I think.61.230.79.242 04:16, 24 June 2006 (UTC)

Interesting. Why not just move this page to the taxon name and then turn "Weasel" into a disambiguation page or or something? This is a good article about the Mustelinae, and it explains very well that many of it's members are only rarely considered collectively all "weasels". This article is about weasels and their close weaselish relatives, the weasel tribe. I could cite presendent; this is what was done in other cases like this one. Chrisrus (talk) 21:32, 23 February 2011 (UTC)

 * I think that does have merit, although I think you (and most of the previous contributors to this thread) mean Mustela, not Mustelinae, which is a larger group and already has an article.

 * The difficulty is always going to be the North American and British difference in usage. To an American, "weasel" and "Mustela" seem to be synonomous, while to British eyes "weasel" just means the smaller species which don't happen to have another name – in fact I think "ferret" would be a more meaningful catch-all name for the genus in British English.  The upshot is that we have an article with a title which is ambiguous or even misleading.  The title Mustela would be unambiguous, and equally meaningful to users of both dialects.  The variations in vernacular usage could then be dealt with within the article as now.

 * I've been ignoring Australians and New Zealanders here, as they only have a couple of introduced European species, but it might be interesting to know what their usage is too. Richard New Forest (talk) 23:01, 23 February 2011 (UTC)
 * Sounds good to me. The first thing I'm going to do is have a look at Weasel (disambiguation).  I invite you and anyone else reading these words to join me there.  Chrisrus (talk) 23:07, 23 February 2011 (UTC)
 * Ok, I think the disambiguation page is good enough for now, but please look it over. Does that seem correct to you? Chrisrus (talk) 23:41, 23 February 2011 (UTC)

Clarification needed re article subject
Related to the above discussion - It seems some editors have assumed the article is about Mustela nivalis only, and others that is is about the genus; eg the length is given as max. 217mm which is actually shorter than the max size of nivalis according to its own article "Least weasel", and certainly shorter than the max length of other mustelae, which are listed further down as being included in the article topic. Suggest this article be moved/retitled "Mustela", with appropriate redirects, and anything referring to nivalis only be moved to the "Least weasel" article if not already there. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Newburyjohn (talk • contribs) 10:05, 26 April 2016 (UTC)

This article's neutrality is compromised by "weasel words".
Ha-ha! Vitriol 12:46, 16 March 2006 (UTC)

Clear the article from profanity, someone abused the page. (VEC7OR 2006 05 10)

Okay, if your drunk don't say anything, kids go on here, thank you very much, this isn't some chat room. Well any way, I've put some information myself on the weasel on here. I don't get how people can debate on the weasel, sounds like my kind of thing! Okay, well, the period is almost over, I got to go to my next class, I'll continue with this later! -C-dawg

Are you joking? WEASEL WORDS! That's a good one!61.230.79.242 04:16, 24 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Okay, I removed from the article as I'm not seeing why it should be here. It appears to me as a joke. If you believe the template should remain, please explain. --Midnightcomm 02:56, 28 February 2007 (UTC)
 * I fixed it 129.93.50.170 01:50, 8 November 2007 (UTC)

This seems to be a recurring joke for this article. --Pompous stranger (talk) 10:28, 5 February 2008 (UTC)

Adorable! :D Let it stay. 67.242.147.139 (talk) 06:58, 8 January 2010 (UTC)

Pack Behavior
Anyone got reliable references for pack behavior in weasels? (added by user:74.67.79.158)
 * All species I know about are essentially solitary. seglea 23:03, 9 June 2006 (UTC)

They're strictly solitary.61.230.79.242 04:17, 24 June 2006 (UTC)

members of the weasel family
I believe that there are at least seven members of the weasel family.

weasel wolverine mongoose mink marmot ferret fisher

WRONG! The mongoose is part of the mongoose family, while the, marmot is not even a carnivore -- it's rodent. Here are the animals in the weasel family that I can think of: Dora Nichov 13:49, 30 October 2006 (UTC)
 * badger
 * weasel
 * stoat
 * wolverine
 * fisher
 * marten
 * grison
 * skunk
 * zorilla
 * sable
 * polecat
 * ferret
 * otter
 * mink

I almost frogot one: Dora Nichov 03:26, 19 November 2006 (UTC)
 * tayra

I've reverted a pack of changes that stated that the use of "weasel" for "Least Weasel" vs the genus is an everyday vs scientifc usage matter. See higher up this page for a long discussion that seems to make it fairly clear that it is in fact an American/European difference. However, this is a matter that really wants settling by producing some quotations, or some counts from Google or something. seglea 19:33, 11 October 2006 (UTC)

Hypnotic dance
Is it true weasels do a hypnotic dance in front of their prey? I'd like a source on this. 130.215.112.54 22:00, 19 November 2006 (UTC) John S.

Very controversal. Some say they do, others say no. The no-sayers say that it's just a parasite in their brain or something like that. Depends on which way think of it. Dora Nichov 00:27, 2 December 2006 (UTC)

this article needs to be cleaned up with the random all caps bit

Weird Al song?
Can I add Weasel Stomping Day as a (quite controversial) reference in popular culture? Or are we avoiding that? The Lilac Pilgrim 10:54, 9 January 2007 (UTC)

 * If it's really about stomping weasels, it sounds to me like a valid pop culture entry, if a citation is available. Agyle 04:07, 25 July 2007 (UTC)

 * This stuff is great, and citations are obviously available if you look but, in my opinion, stuff about Weasel in popular culture belongs in a separate article, maybe. Without references, it looks kinda wrong, though interesting. Thing is, it doesnt fit with the rest of the article, like Mustelids, Mustela africana, Mustela altaica ...etc.; though an attempt has been made. Weasel Stomping Day already has an article page, so does Al Yankovic. Just adding stuff to WP is great, but adding it to the right article, or even a new article, is even better. Newbyguesses - Talk 04:54, 25 July 2007 (UTC)

Another popular reference ?
I just landed on this page after reading the english version of the last tome of Stephen King "Dark Tower" serie (itself called "The Dark Tower"). In it there is a "Taheen" character (they looks like human/animal hybrid) that is call "The Weasel" and has a weasel head. Now I know what it means. Though maybe it could be added to this page ?

What's wrong with this?
H3nryH3nry 20:20, 1 April 2007 (UTC)What's wrong with this?

 * A very old joke is to say 'What's the difference between a stoat and a weasel? A weasel's weasily recognized but a stoat is stoatally different!' Most biology teachers hear this about five times a year.

It's true after all.

New Wikiproject
I wanted to make a wikiproject about ferrets and weasels but it became to small a range so i have made a bigger wikiprojects including all animals in the Musteloidea super family which include both ferrets and weasels and much similar animals. Support would be appreceated.

you can find it here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Proposals#Weasels

i also made a little template for the project,

I hope you like it.

This wikiproject is for the superfamily of Musteloidea which currently and surprisingly does not have an article yet. This superfamily includes ferrets and weasels and all of our other furry little weasel like friends. Please put your name on it so this article could have it's very own wikiproject outside of wikiproject animals.

Teh Ferret 19:51, 26 April 2007 (UTC)

Don't we have more info on weasels? Kolanak 12:32, 23 May 2007 (UTC)

Suggested addition
What about saying a word about Pop Goes the Weasel somewhere in this article? 195.56.77.16 13:52, 25 July 2007 (UTC)

Yes, this seems quite weasonable. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.18.189.205 (talk) 22:53, 8 November 2007 (UTC)

How can we get rid of the words 'dominic is an uber weasel'??? I tried to edit the article but these words do not show up in the edit scren. Thanks 87.113.83.222 (talk) 17:36, 19 November 2007 (UTC)

recommend removal of pop-culture section
The pop-culture section of this article is far too large, perhaps even larger then the factual information about the weasel. Most other animal articles either limit the pop-culture to a small % of the total article, or eliminate it all together. I propose this article do the same. Trivial pop-culture should not outweigh factual information. 65.167.146.130 (talk) 15:37, 31 October 2008 (UTC)
 * Maybe the popular culture stuff could be moved to a dedicated article? Anyway, I removed the "expand" tag since it seems unnecessary. Spalding (talk) 14:17, 2 November 2008 (UTC)

Religions Revering Weasels
I removed this line until a reference can be found. That's a bit too strange to remain uncited. Reb42 (talk) 23:49, 10 May 2009 (UTC)

Table
Table aint working.. I dont know whats wrong, just passed by =) 24.132.178.117 (talk) 19:32, 18 May 2009 (UTC)
 * Someone fixed it. 24.132.178.117 (talk) 19:35, 18 May 2009 (UTC)

picture
is the picture vandalism? i've found a better picture.

—Preceding unsigned comment added by Solar Flute (talk • contribs) 01:32, 29 May 2009 (UTC)

List of fictional weasels
I think a while ago there was an article called 'list of fictional weasels' but apparently it was deleted for some reason. Can anyone make another one? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 41.112.224.72 (talk) 06:45, 6 January 2010 (UTC)

 * It seems to have been incorporated here: List of fictional animals (other). I've made a redirect there from a new List of fictional weasels.  Richard New Forest (talk) 15:19, 6 January 2010 (UTC)

Merger proposal
I have suggested that Weasel war dance be merged here (assuming that article is legit and can have some refereces added), presumably as a new section, as it is too narrow in scope to be a stand alone article. Ecphora (talk) 12:12, 26 April 2010 (UTC)

 * I think it might be more appropriate for it to be merged with Ferret, given it's actually more of an observed behavior of pet domestic ferrets. --AzureCitizen (talk) 18:35, 26 April 2010 (UTC)
 * It should probably be merged with neither, since both display it, and both duplicating the content and linking one article to another's section seem like bad form to me.  Oreo Priest  talk 09:52, 4 August 2010 (UTC)

 * Oppose - Weasel war dance relevant to ferrets as well. --Joshua Issac (talk) 12:26, 16 August 2010 (UTC)

 * "Weasel war dance" when in relation to ferrets refers to behaviour that usually indicates excitement and/or an invitation to play. It has nothing to do with killing prey or dancing over its dead body as is indicated in the article on "weasels".  This should be corrected. 114.30.116.139 (talk) 15:18, 16 November 2010 (UTC)

 * Oppose merging here and mildly oppose merging at all. As noted, the behavior is also characteristic of other species (most notably the domestic ferret).

Vandalism
The page is locked, but there's some obvious vandalism on it. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Cpell (talk • contribs) 12:33, 23 December 2010 (UTC)

Figurative use of "weasel"
Right now, the page only describes the literal creature itself. I think a lot of people, myself included, may have come to this page wondering why the word "weasel" is used to describe a sneaky person or what a sneaky person does, such as "weasel words." A quick dictionary.com search does not explain this in any etymology sources I see, except for the following:

 * The verb "to deprive (a word or phrase) of its meaning" is first attested 1900, so used because the weasel sucks out the contents of eggs, leaving the shell intact; the sense of "extricate oneself (from a difficult place) like a weasel" is first recorded 1925; that of "to evade and equivocate" is from 1956. A John Wesilheued ("John Weaselhead") turns up on the Lincolnshire Assize Rolls for 1384, but the name seems not to have endured, for some reason.

 * weasel. Dictionary.com. Online Etymology Dictionary. Douglas Harper, Historian. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/weasel (accessed: February 16, 2011).

Perhaps actual or purported characteristics of weasels could be described to explain why the word "weasel" is used in this way. And please, don't use weasel words to explain it. Midtempo-abg (talk) 18:21, 16 February 2011 (UTC)

 * There is already an article Weasel word, which covers that subject. This article is about the animals, not the word "weasel", and in fact in British English most of these animals are not called weasels.  We mustn't forget that Wikipedia is not a dictionary).  I'm not sure what the figurative meaning has to do with this article (I think anyway the egg thing probably only applies to the Least Weasel). A "see also" might be helpful, or a hatnote though there is already one for Weasel (disambiguation).  A section on actual or purported characteristics could go in the least weasel article. Richard New Forest (talk) 22:07, 16 February 2011 (UTC)

"Weatsop"
After searching the OED and several online Old English dictionaries (http://bosworth.ff.cuni.cz/ http://home.comcast.net/~modean52/oeme_dictionaries.htm http://www.oldenglishtranslator.co.uk/), I have found no references to the alleged word "weatsop". However, I have found two forms of an ancestral word to "weasel" that match well with the modern form: "weosule" and "wesle".

I suspect that "weatsop" is a modern misspelling, as "weat" is not an Old English word, and "sop" does not exist ("sopa" and "sopp" exist, but (following the comcast site) mean "sup, sip, draught" and "offula, sop", respectively). — Preceding unsigned comment added by 65.94.53.52 (talk) 20:48, 17 June 2012 (UTC)

Polecat
Is there any good reason why the word "polecat" in the Terminology section links to the Wiktionary page for that word, rather than to the Wikipedia page?Czrisher (talk) 21:13, 7 October 2013 (UTC)

Nate
A nate of weasels seems to be a pack of weasels, judging from context. How come I couldn't find it in the Oxford English Dictionary? Different spelling? Sprocedato (talk) 07:27, 24 January 2014 (UTC)

added 2019/12/7 I too have been unable to find reference to this term, even by searching for "weasel nate" at Google Scholar, a place where you would expect experts to use the proper terminology. Could it be a typo or a dialect term?

Simon Varnam SPV (talk) 05:35, 7 December 2019 (UTC)

The Map showing the range of the Mustela
Well. According to the map Mustela's range does not comprise Anatolia, Indian sub-continent etc. This cannot be true and is in conflict with the map in the entry on Mustela nivalis (the least weasel), and with its own text in the Mustela entry. Can the map be corrected or replaced? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 85.96.145.226 (talk) 08:21, 19 August 2014 (UTC)

Weasels as pets?
http://laughingsquid.com/ozzy-the-weasel-adorably-interrupts-his-humans-video-games-by-playing-with-his-thumb/ — Preceding unsigned comment added by Benvhoff (talk • contribs) 01:45, 1 January 2015 (UTC)

The Scorpion and the Frog or The Weasel and the Woodpecker?
Unbelievable picture and story:
 * The Tale of the Weasel and the Woodpecker 82.171.6.217 (talk) 09:11, 3 March 2015 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 10:21, 30 April 2016 (UTC)

Is "nate" a word?
The word nateoccurs in the Japanese Folklore section of this article. I can find that word neither in the Oxford English Dictionary nor the Merriam-Webster Unabridged. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Jrundin (talk • contribs) 17:35, 7 March 2020 (UTC)

 * I was confused by it too. I might not know all the weird words for different groups of animals, but no dictionary seems to know this one either.  It also isn't used anywhere on the searchable Web except when copied from this article.  On a closer inspection this usage seems to be an obscure meme from 2012 related to Nate Ravitz and Fantasy Focus (podcast).  See the bottom of  for a direct evidence.  Before the edit that introduced this paragraph on Apr 1, 2013 as a translation from Japanese Wikipedia (which uses イタチの群れ so yes, the intended meaning is what everyone suspects) there was at least one vandalism related to that “Nate is a weasel” thing. –MwGamera (talk) 11:43, 6 June 2020 (UTC)

Where can I find the European weasel sleep in Europe
Though I am not an expert at weasels I would love to learn 166.137.163.38 (talk) 02:02, 18 February 2022 (UTC)

Where can I find the European Weasel sleep
I am researching on weasels. I love to learn about animals 166.137.163.38 (talk) 02:03, 18 February 2022 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 08:21, 23 May 2022 (UTC)
 * Belettedindonesie.jpg

Wiki Education assignment: California Natural History
— Assignment last updated by Shellypopshe (talk) 18:40, 29 September 2022 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 13 April 2023
Weasel in Hungarian is “menyét” 24.193.36.121 (talk) 00:41, 13 April 2023 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. Also, what would this add? Listing the translations for every language would obviously be clutter, why does the Hungarian translation matter specifically? Cannolis (talk) 01:25, 13 April 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Weasel


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User talk:Tait

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title: User talk:Tait


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A Kiss in the Dreamhouse

A Kiss in the Dreamhouse is the fifth studio album by British rock band Siouxsie and the Banshees, released on 5 November 1982 by Polydor Records. The record marked a change of musical direction, as the group used strings for the first time and experimented in the studio. Guitarist John McGeoch played more instruments, including recorder and piano. For Julian Marszalek of The Quietus, the release proved the Banshees to be "one of the great British psychedelic bands."

Both a critical and commercial success, A Kiss in the Dreamhouse peaked at No. 11 on the UK Albums Chart. A 180g vinyl LP reissue of the album, remastered from the original ¼″ tapes and cut half-speed at Abbey Road Studios by Miles Showell, was released in September 2018.

Background, production and music
The band held back from writing after the success of 1981's Juju. During the spring of 1982, they went on tour in Scandinavia with three tracks completed: "Cascade", "Painted Bird" and "Green Fingers". When they returned to the studio in July, the group embarked on a week of improvisation sparked off by a tape-looped section of the orchestral version of "Fireworks", a non-album single they had released in May. Other numbers followed easily. Siouxsie didn't want to use synthesizers for the arrangements:"'Fireworks' indicated the direction we wanted for the album. We wanted strings... John [McGeoch] wanted a machine but Steven [Severin] and I said it had to be real strings. They give a real, earthy, rich sound. You could hear the strings spitting and breathing and wheezing. Me and Steve have always wanted our music to be performed by the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra. We've always thought our songs would suit orchestration. Real strings have a very physical sound'."

A Kiss in the Dreamhouse was the first album on which the Banshees really exploited the possibilities of the studio. They allowed themselves to be inspired by sounds. Engineer Mike Hedges, who was interested in vocals, put different effects on Siouxsie's voice and multi-layered it. Hedges also encouraged them to fiddle with effects; if the band came up with something off-the-wall, he'd want to top it.

According to the band, A Kiss in the Dreamhouse was probably their most experimental work. The album contains recorders, chimes, tubular bells, loops and many vocal overdubs. Consequence of Sound described the album as the band's "own form of neo-psychedelic rock."

The personal dynamics associated with the period in which A Kiss in the Dreamhouse was recorded were often less than healthy. The band's recently fired manager and Siouxsie's former partner, Nils Stevenson, had become obsessive in response to her developing relationship with Budgie. The band spent long hours in the studio, fuelled by drink and drugs. According to Uncut writer Garry Mulholland, the "stunningly beautiful music" of Dreamhouse was "a product of addiction, stress, old, sick love and new, dangerous love, money woes and a darkness that would eventually claim three lives".

Title and artwork
The title of the album came to Severin after watching a programme about Hollywood prostitutes in the 1940s who had cosmetic surgery to look like stars, so they could get more clients. The "Dreamhouse" was a brothel in Los Angeles that actually existed where people could meet perfect replicas of the stars of the time, women like Mae West.

The quote in the inner sleeve, "Nellie the Elephant packed his trunk and said goodbye to the circus", referred to longtime former manager Stevenson (nicknamed "Nellie"), who was fired before the recording of the album.

The album's artwork was inspired by the paintings of Gustav Klimt. As the Banshees achieved the richness they desired, they wanted "a really colourful sleeve with lots of gold and deep colours because we felt the music was very rich".

Critical reception
The UK music press was unanimous in its praise for the album on its release. NME's Richard Cook considered it innovative: "A Kiss in the Dreamhouse is a feat of imagination scarcely ever recorded. It's breathtaking. Somehow, a bold assurance of intention has met with a hunger for experimenting with sound to expand an already formidable group of songs into pure, open-minded ambiguity. The flesh of the song will balloon out or contort into unimaginable patterns; indecipherable echoes volley between the walls of the recording; glassy, splintered tones pierce the luxuriant sheen of the mix. Repeated listens trick the sense of balance; tremendous risks are taken." Cook finished his review by saying, "I promise. This music will take your breath away." Another journalist of the NME Paul Du Noyer wrote that A Kiss in the Dreamhouse was "a real departure from rock tradition" and "maybe even their best [album]".

Melody Maker ' s Steve Sutherland also welcomed the new musical direction: "The Banshees achieve an awesome, effective new pop without so much as a theory or qualm. Dreamhouse is an intoxicating achievement". Critic David Cleary of AllMusic would later describe the single "Slowdive" as "a violin-colored dance beat number", with "a catchy melodic hook away from being the real thing", and positively assessed the album, saying, "This fine platter is well worth purchasing".

The Rolling Stone Album Guide opined that the album "hurls the Banshees back into the simmering postpsychedelic pea soup, with only marginally captivating results". In 2006, music historian Garry Mulholland included it in his book Fear of Music about the 261 greatest albums since 1976.

In their 2009 review of the reissued album, The Quietus wrote: "The result was their most colourful and – ahem – kaleidoscopic collection yet". Critic Julian Marszalek commented that the album's music is "fundamentally pop, yet unafraid to revel in a quirkiness born of altered states. A deliberate shift from the overt darkness of its predecessor, Juju". Marszalek qualified the work of guitarist McGeoch as "a seamless beauty", and wrote that "Siouxsie's voice achieves a sense of strength and maturity". The journalist concluded the review by noting that "Siouxsie and the Banshees weren't afraid to stretch themselves. Here was a band that dared to challenge itself as much as their listeners".

Legacy
Several bands later covered and sampled songs from this album. LCD Soundsystem released a version of "Slowdive" as the B-side to their single "Disco Infiltrator"; it was also included on their Introns compilation in 2006. The Beta Band sampled the live Nocturne version of "Painted Bird" on their track "Liquid Bird", issued on their 2003 album Heroes to Zeros.

Siouxsie and the Banshees

 * Siouxsie Sioux – vocals, bells on "Obsession", production
 * Steven Severin – bass guitar, six-string bass guitar on "Slowdive", organ on "Painted Bird", production
 * John McGeoch – guitar, keyboards on "Cocoon", "Circle" and "Cascade", recorder on "Green Fingers", production
 * Budgie – drums, percussion, harmonica on "Slowdive", production

Additional personnel

 * Caroline Lavelle – cello on "Obsession"
 * Alison Briggs – cello on "Obsession"
 * Anne Stephenson – violin on "Obsession" and "Slowdive"
 * Virginia Hewes – violin on "Obsession" and "Slowdive"

Production and artwork

 * Mike Hedges – engineering
 * Rocking Russian – sleeve design
 * Michael Kostiff – sleeve photography and set

title: A Kiss in the Dreamhouse


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M41 Walker Bulldog

The M41 Walker Bulldog, officially 76-mm gun tank M41, was an American light tank developed for armed reconnaissance purposes. It was produced by Cadillac between 1951 and 1954 and marketed successfully to the United States Army as a replacement for its aging fleet of World War II-vintage M24 Chaffee tanks. Although engineered as a reconnaissance vehicle, the M41's weight and armament also made it effective in the close infantry support role and for rapid airborne deployments. Upon entering US service, all M41s received the designation Little Bulldog and subsequently, Walker Bulldog after the late General Walton Walker, who was killed in a Jeep accident in 1950. The M41 was the first postwar American light tank to see worldwide service, and was exported in considerable numbers by the United States, particularly to Asia.

Development of the M41 proceeded slowly until the outbreak of the Korean War, when the US Army's renewed demands for more tanks resulted in its being rushed into production. The haste with which it was initially produced led to technical problems, which, coupled with the relatively cramped dimensions of its hull interior, gave it a mediocre reputation among American tank crews. It was also considered too large in comparison to the Chaffee for reconnaissance. Funding for the M41 program was slashed accordingly, and more emphasis placed on the development of new main battle tanks such as the M47 Patton. Cadillac ceased production of the M41A1 in late 1954. It was replaced by the M551 Sheridan during the 1960s.

Development
Beginning in 1946, the United States Army commissioned a project to oversee the replacement of the M24 Chaffee light tank in the reconnaissance role. For preliminary purposes this hypothetical tank was to be known as T37. However, in the wake of World War II most armored vehicle development programs suffered from a lack of impetus and inadequate funding. The T37 concept did not reach viability until 1949, when three disparate prototypes were finally built. The second prototype of the trio, T37 Phase Two, was selected for further testing and received a unique designation, T41. In its final, pre-production form this model was known as T41E1 to the US Army.

The T41E1 was envisaged as a highly mobile light tank, capable of undertaking aggressive reconnaissance and being sufficiently armed to engage the latest Soviet medium tanks if necessary. It was to utilize automotive parts and components already common to other US military vehicles and incorporate a modular hull capable of being converted for a variety of other specialized roles. For example, the US Army requirement called not only for a light tank, but an air defense platform and an armored personnel carrier based on the same chassis. A specific powerplant had even been pre-selected for all three proposed vehicles: a Continental or Lycoming six-cylinder, air-cooled gasoline engine. This made the T41E1 one of the first American tanks to be designed around a preexisting engine type, rather than being built first and then adopting a suitable engine. Weighing nearly 52,000 pounds, the T41E1 was so heavy it would have easily been classed as a medium tank in its own right only about five years earlier, and was no longer deemed suitable for frequent airborne deployments.

The Army placed orders for the T41 circa August 1950. The tank was christened the "Walker Bulldog"—after the late General Walton Walker who was killed in a Jeep accident a year earlier—at a demonstration for President Harry S. Truman at Aberdeen Proving Ground in February 1951.

Serial production was delayed by technical difficulties stemming from the decision to incorporate an integral rangefinder directly into the steel turret. A renewed sense of urgency introduced by the outbreak of the Korean War and increasing demands by the US Army for more tanks resulted in production hurriedly commencing in mid-1951. The hasty production cycle led to numerous modifications during the course of and after manufacture. Cadillac repurposed a warehouse in Cleveland in August 1950 and began outfitting the location for production of the Walker Bulldog and other combat vehicles, namely the Cadillac M42 Duster. The plant, employing 3700, delivered the first production M41 Walker Bulldog in March 1951. The first eight Bulldogs were delivered to the US Army in July.

By March 1952 over 900 M41s had already been manufactured. These entered service too late to take part in the Korean War, though some may have been shipped out to US forces in that region just as the fighting ended. Roughly 1,802 were built, but these suffered from a variety of technical issues due to their somewhat rushed production, and a second mark, the M41A1, was introduced to correct these problems. Over 4,000 engineering design changes were requested by the US Army between July 1951 and July 1952. Approval to issue the M41 type to regular units was denied until December 1952, when the new mark was introduced. Another 1,631 baseline M41s were also relegated to storage at the Ordnance Corps Depot in Lima, Ohio until their deficiencies could be corrected.

The M41A1 was later superseded by the M41A2 and M41A3, which had the advantage of greater ammunition stowage, and considerably simplified gun and turret systems. Despite these detail improvements, the M41 series did not prove especially popular in US service. Crew members seated in the turret often complained of limited interior space. Reconnaissance units criticized the height and size of the design, which reduced its ability to reconnoiter discreetly, and although it was intended for employment with airborne units, its weight made it impractical for airdrops. This led to the development of the M551 Sheridan, which was designed for airdrops, and in which low combat weight was considered a key factor. M41 production ceased around late 1954, allowing the US Army to refocus on developing medium tanks such as the M47 Patton. As early as mid-1952 the US government had become so disillusioned by the M41's perceived shortcomings that it recommended the M41 acquisition process be terminated and a new light tank development project initiated; however, General J. Lawton Collins, then Army Chief of Staff, successfully argued for the existing purchase orders to be filled.

With the introduction of increasingly well-armored Soviet main battle tanks, the M41 was no longer perceived as powerful enough for frontline service, and it was replaced by the much lighter and more heavily armed Sheridan during the late 1960s. Most second-hand US M41s were refurbished and subsequently sold or donated to US allies abroad, namely Brazil, Japan, and South Vietnam.

Derivatives
When the M41 entered production, it was not considered economical to simply manufacture a single tank chassis and hull. The US Army wanted the M41 series to include various supporting vehicles built using the same chassis, engine, tracks and as many as other associated automotive components as possible to simplify logistics. Cadillac obligingly produced the M42 Duster anti-aircraft vehicle, as well as the M44 and M52 self-propelled howitzers, and the M75 armored personnel carrier, all based on an M41 chassis and drive train. The acquisition process for these vehicles was risky because unlike the M41, no prototype or test models were manufactured and trialed. In January 1951, under intense pressure to meet the US Army's requirements, representatives of the Army Ordnance Corps agreed to approve the anti-aircraft platform, self-propelled guns, and armored personnel carrier for production "with the full knowledge that in doing so there were certain inherent risks involved by foregoing complete tests and evaluation". The technical problems encountered with the series, coupled with those of the M41 in general, led to the US Army only adopting the M75 in large numbers.

Bay of Pigs Invasion
During the prelude to the Bay of Pigs Invasion, the Central Intelligence Agency proposed creating a single tank platoon composed of anti-communist exiles to support Brigade 2506's incursion and subsequent seizure of strategic sites in Cuba likely to be patrolled or defended by armor, mostly Soviet-supplied T-34-85 medium tanks. To that end, the CIA procured five M41 tanks from US Army reserve stocks and earmarked them for this purpose. American instructors trained the prospective Cuban tank crews at Fort Knox in March 1961, teaching them driving and gunnery basics. The tanks were transported to the Cuban coast by a single Mechanized Landing Craft on April 17, then came ashore with infantry support in a combined arms amphibious assault on Playa Girón. Due to a lack of adequate air support, the brigadista M41s had to land under heavy fire from circling Cuban aircraft, although all of the tanks succeeded in advancing past the beach intact. They immediately attacked a local airstrip, inflicting heavy casualties among the defending Cuban militiamen, who did not possess adequate anti-tank weapons. The militia organized an ill-advised counterattack with a single battalion, which was annihilated by the tanks and brigadista mortar crews in an engagement remembered in Cuba as the "Slaughter of the Lost Battalion".

Although the exiles had arrived at multiple landing sites, since Playa Girón was the furthest inland Cuban president Fidel Castro ordered the military to concentrate on destroying the exile force there. Four infantry battalions and two companies of Cuban T-34-85 tanks were ordered to retake the airfield and beachhead, but their radio transmissions were intercepted by the exiles, allowing them to plan their defense accordingly. The Cuban forces shelled Playa Girón with artillery around midnight, then advanced towards the village by road, with the T-34-85s in the lead. Three M41s which had taken up positions directly opposite the road junction nearest the beach then opened fire on the column at extremely close range. At least two T-34-85s were initially destroyed, a third disabled by track damage, and a fourth captured by the rebels intact when its crew surrendered. The M41s succeeded in knocking out several more attacking T-34-85s which became stranded on the narrow road and bottlenecked due to difficulties their crews encountered in skirting the existing wreckage. However, this success was short-lived: the unexpectedly heavy resistance encountered by Cuban armor ensured that by noon the following afternoon all the M41 crews had exhausted their ammunition.

At one point American Defense Secretary Robert McNamara proposed using the US Navy vessels within the vicinity to move another eight M41s and their associated ammunition to support the exiles; however, without sufficient supplies or air support Brigade 2506 was unable to hold its positions against repeated Cuban armored attacks and was overwhelmed. The surviving M41s were abandoned on the beach near Playa Girón when the invasion ended.

Vietnam War

The Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN)'s fledgling armored corps had its roots in a colonial armored corps established by French Indochina in 1950 and equipped with old M24 Chaffee and M5 Stuart light tanks. Throughout the 1950s and early 1960s South Vietnamese armor was not used in offensive maneuvers and was often unserviceable due to logistical problems and age. With the formation of the Military Assistance Command, Vietnam (MACV) in 1962, US influence on ARVN doctrine grew; all armored units were subsequently reorganized and patterned after the US cavalry regiments. American advisers also made a concerted attempted to refurbish the ARVN M24 fleet but encountered sourcing problems with the US Army supply system's dwindling stock of M24 parts, most of which had already been disposed of or donated to other countries. They arranged to have the engines from the ARVN M24s periodically sent to Japan for overhaul, but this was considered neither practical nor economic in the long term.

In mid-1964, as part of a greater effort to introduce more modern equipment to the ARVN, the MACV proposed that the South Vietnamese armored corps be increased by five tank squadrons. Between January and April 1965 all the ARVN M24s were decommissioned or passed to the Republic of Vietnam Air Force base security units and replaced by M41A3s. The M41 proved extremely popular with South Vietnamese tank crews, who were generally of smaller stature than their American counterparts and did not experience the same discomfort operating within the tank's limited interior space. ARVN M41s undertook their first combat employment less than a year later, and played an instrumental role in crushing the 1966 Buddhist Uprising. The tanks were mostly used to support ARVN infantry in street fighting, especially around Da Nang.

Seventeen ARVN M41s were initially sent to Laos as part of Operation Lam Son 719 between February and March 1971, an abortive cross-border incursion to disrupt strategic supply lines for the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) and the Viet Cong. The tanks were to coordinate their actions with several ARVN heliborne and paratroop units, who would be joining them by air. Their offensive soon stalled when a PAVN tank battalion equipped with T-54 and PT-76 tanks attempted to overrun one of the ARVN's designated landing zones. In the first major armor engagement of the Vietnam War, the M41s counterattacked, and ARVN claimed six T-54s and seventeen PT-76s were destroyed. Five M41s and 25 APCs were lost during the same encounter, mostly to land mines and rocket-propelled grenades. However, the PAVN continued to regroup and counterattack over the next week, forcing the outnumbered South Vietnamese units to abandon the landing zone and withdraw further south. Failure to maintain a cohesive withdrawal led to individual infantry or mechanized units with no armor support of their own being cut off and surrounded by PAVN tanks.

ARVN commanders declared they did not possess enough tanks or anti-tank weapons to eliminate the PAVN armored threat, which had been underestimated during their operational planning. For the remainder of the operation, the M41s were dug into defensive positions and essentially used as static artillery. This prevented the ARVN from taking full advantage of their mobility, and units elsewhere had to depend solely on well-timed air support from South Vietnamese or US bombers to stave off PAVN tanks. Armor reinforcements were eventually dispatched to help bolster the ARVN forces in Laos, but these arrived piecemeal and it is unclear how many additional M41s actually reached the operational area. Due in part to conflicting orders, the final ARVN withdrawal from Laos, conducted while under pursuit from PAVN T-54s, was disorderly and resulted in a number of M41s being abandoned intact by their crews. The ARVN lost 54 M41 tanks during its abortive incursion into Laos.

During the PAVN Easter Offensive of 1972, M41s were again dug into static positions, and typically engaged attacking T-54 or Type 59 tanks from defile. As this tactic sacrificed the tanks' superior maneuverability, the PAVN tanks responded with flanking movements which enveloped and overran the M41s before they could maneuver. North Vietnamese infantrymen also succeeded in knocking out several platoons of static M41s with 9M14 Malyutka (AT-3 Sagger) anti-tank guided missiles. Still others were captured, and used by the PAVN at the Battle of An Lộc, where defending US troops were forced to destroy them with M72 LAWs.

Between 1965 and 1972 the U.S. had shipped 580 second-hand M41A3s to supply various ARVN tank units and replace losses sustained in combat. According to SIPRI, between 1972 and 1974 the ARVN only took delivery of M48 Pattons, which gradually superseded the M41 as the primary tank in South Vietnamese service. According to MACV South Vietnam received 19 M41 tanks during 1974.

During the PAVN's 1975 Spring Offensive, 300 ARVN M41s were destroyed or captured.

Argentina
During the early 1960s, Argentina received five M41s on ostensibly permanent loan from the United States. The terms of the transfer remain unclear, as despite formally entering service with the Argentine Army the five tanks were still listed as property of the American government. They were first publicly paraded in Buenos Aires following the 1966 revolution. Upon a subsequent deterioration of diplomatic relations with the US, Argentine leaders ordered the tanks returned to that country. They were superseded in Argentine service by the AMX-13, and a proposal to purchase or request the loan of more M41s from the US was permanently shelved.

Brazil
The M41 was the first tank to be adopted in large quantities by Brazil's armed forces, and formed the armored mainstay of both the Brazilian Army and the Brazilian Marine Corps well into the twenty-first century. In 1960, an initiative to modernize existing Brazilian armored units led to the purchase of 386 second-hand M41s from the US government. The tanks were delivered in successive shipments over a period of seven years. Between 1984 and 1985, Bernardini S/A Industria e Comercio, an industrial firm in São Paulo, rebuilt and modernized all the Brazilian M41s to prolong their service life. The principal features of the modernization program were a replacement of the original Chrysler petrol engine with a diesel model, thicker armor, and replacement of the 76 mm gun with a 90 mm gun produced by boring out the original armament. The rebored gun was modified to fire Belgian fin-stabilized, shaped charge projectiles developed for the Cockerill Mk. III smoothbore cannon already fitted to Brazil's preexisting fleet of EE-9 Cascavel armored cars. The tank's transmission was also upgraded to increase acceleration and give it a maximum road speed of 70 km/h. In Brazilian service, these upgraded M41s received the designation M41B and M41C.

Lebanon
In 1958, the Lebanese Army received 40 to 50 M41A3 tanks from the US to replace its fleet of obsolete British Sherman Firefly medium tanks and French Hotchkiss H35 and Renault R35 light tanks that saw action in the 1958 Lebanon crisis. Lebanese M41s were extensively employed during the Lebanese Civil War by the Lebanese Army and various armed groups in and outside Beirut between 1975 and 1977, following the collapse of the Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) structure in January 1976. During this period, most of the regular Army's M41s fell into the hands of the competing Christian-rightist Lebanese Front and Muslim-leftist Lebanese National Movement (LNM) militias or were taken way by dissident rebellious Lebanese Army factions. Captured M41s were employed by the Lebanese Arab Army (LAA), Army of Free Lebanon (AFL), Kataeb Regulatory Forces (KRF), Tigers Militia, and the People's Liberation Army (PLA). Nearly all M41s eventually were returned by the militias to the Lebanese Army in 1977–78, and remained in service until the 1983-84 Mountain War, when they were retired and quickly replaced by M48A1 and M48A5 main battle tanks provided by the US and Jordan.

New Zealand
In 1960, the Royal New Zealand Armoured Corps procured ten M41s from the US to replace its obsolete Valentine tanks, which had been inherited from its close association with the British Army during World War II. As a result of their adoption and the retirement of the Valentines, the organization of New Zealand's armored corps was altered from two tank squadrons to a single cavalry squadron consisting of M41s and M113 armored personnel carriers. The decision to acquire the new tanks was made a year earlier, in 1959, and this allowed army maintenance technicians to be sent to the US well in advance and receive the necessary familiarization training at Fort Knox before the tanks reached New Zealand. After the acceleration of the US military commitment to Vietnam, General Maxwell D. Taylor suggested the New Zealand M41s be deployed there to support allied operations. The proposal was rejected, but Australia offered to send a squadron of Centurion tanks in their stead.

By 1978, New Zealand's M41s were no longer regarded as cost-effective due to their increasing age, as well as an inadequate budget for their continued maintenance. The Ministry of Defence argued that a cheaper light tank was needed, and in 1983 the M41s were decommissioned and replaced by the FV101 Scorpion. Only one was retained in operational condition; this was donated to the New Zealand National Army Museum.

South Africa
During the mid to late 1970s, the purported presence of M41 Walker Bulldog tanks in the South African Defence Force (SADF) aroused international interest, especially when press reports suggested they had been used as part of Operation Savannah, a controversial 1975 South African military incursion into Angola. In 1977, an economist named Sean Gervasi at the Fernand Braudel Center claimed that the SADF was in possession of 100 M41s. Similar figures were subsequently repeated in a variety of literature and academic sources.

As a voluntary arms embargo had been imposed on South Africa due to the passage of United Nations Security Council Resolution 181, Gervasi was invited to testify on this claim before the US House of Representatives, which had a subcommittee on African relations. According to the minutes from the discussion, the delivery of one M41 Walker Bulldog to South Africa was acknowledged by the Department of State, presumably for evaluation purposes, although this took place in the early 1950s and predated the arms embargo. William H. Lewis, director of the Bureau of Inter-African Affairs at the State Department, debunked Gervasi's allegations that the US had supplied South Africa with a large stockpile of tanks.

As late as 1982 the Angolan government continued to make unsubstantiated claims that US-supplied M41s were being used during South African raids into Angola.

Taiwan
The Republic of China Army (ROCA) began receiving M41A3s as military aid from the US in 1958. The ROCA once had 700 M41s in various configurations in service. Those in front-line service received heavy upgrades and were redesignated M41D; the non-upgraded M41A3s were relegated to training and reserve roles. In February 2022, the ROCA announced it would be retiring its remaining M41A3s, although the M41D would remain in service.

Uruguay
Uruguay embarked on a significant revitalization campaign for its armored corps in 1981, purchasing 20 FN-4RM/62F light armored cars and 22 M41A1 Walker Bulldog tanks from Belgium. The tanks underwent a significant rebuild prior to their export, including the installation of new armor plate by a German contractor, and replacement of the turret armament with a 90 mm Cockerill Mk. IV cannon and an FN MAG co-axial machine gun, respectively. The new cannon fired fin-stabilized high explosive anti-tank (HEAT) and high explosive squash head (HESH) shells. These M41s were designated M41A1U and were retrofitted with diesel engines by a Brazilian firm in 1991.

West Germany
The M41 Walker Bulldog was the first postwar tank to be adopted by the Bundeswehr after its formation in 1955. In German service, it was primarily utilized for its traditional role of reconnaissance. Each Bundeswehr division was organized with an integral armored reconnaissance battalion of one M41 company and two companies of Schützenpanzer SPz 11-2 Kurz tracked scout vehicles. The concept of light tanks proved unpopular with the Bundeswehr, and by 1966 all its M41s had been retired and replaced with the much heavier M48 Patton and Leopard 1 in armored reconnaissance battalions. Additionally, the M41 was used in a tank destroyer role until 1969, first in divisional tank destroyer battalions and later also in the tank destroyer platoon of the heavy company of a mechanized infantry battalion.

Description
The hull of the M41 is of welded steel construction, with the driving compartment located at the front of the tank and to the left. This may be accessed through the hull by a single piece hatch cover opening to the right. When the hatch is closed, the tank is navigated by three driving periscopes mounted forward of the driver's position and one to the left. There is no night vision equipment fitted as standard, although in some models an infrared searchlight could be mounted externally on the turret or the day periscopes replaced with new infrared periscopes. An emergency escape hatch is situated beneath the driver's seat. The engine compartment is located towards the rear of the hull and is insulated from the crew by a fireproof bulkhead. The Allison Cross-Drive Model CD-500-3 transmission is located within this compartment, immediately behind the engine, and includes one forward and one reverse gear ratios. All M41 tanks utilize a torsion bar suspension, which supports five road wheels with the drive sprocket at the rear and idler towards the front, and three track return rollers. The first, second, and fifth road wheel stations have hydraulic shock absorbers. Although the M41 is not considered amphibious, it was designed for fording up to 1.016 meters of water without preparation, and up to 2.44 meters of water with preparation. The hull is fitted with electric bilge pumps accordingly.

Standard M41 turrets are of cast and welded steel construction and fitted with a turret basket. The crew commander and gunner are seated to the right and a loader seated to the left. Turret rotation is assisted by hydraulic/electrical drives and takes approximately ten seconds to traverse a full 360°. Crew commanders have a day periscope and a turret cupola with five vision blocks for observation; this is also provided with a hinged hatch cover opening forwards. Both the loader and gunner are also provided with periscopes. In some models, there is an additional stowage basket welded to the rear of the turret, and a dome-shaped ventilator on the turret roof.

The M41 has a very distinctive, well sloped glacis plate with a horizontal top, and may also be readily identified by its large exhaust pipes on each side of the upper hull rear. Both turret sides are vertical and slightly sloped. Other identifying features on the turret include the bustle and stowage box at the rear, the commander's cupola to the right, and the muzzle brake with fume extractor on the main armament.

Armament and ammunition
The M41A1, M41A2, and M41A3 were equipped with a 76 mm M32A1 high velocity rifled cannon firing fixed high explosive (HE), armor piercing (AP), or high velocity armor piercing (HVAP) ammunition. The baseline M41 was equipped with a very similar 76 mm M32/T91E3 cannon. In all four marks, a co-axial .30 caliber machine gun is mounted to the left of the main armament; additionally, in US service an external .50 caliber machine gun was also mounted to the turret roof. The 76 mm cannon has a maximum elevation of +19.75° and a depression of −9.75°. It utilizes a vertical sliding breech block and a spring actuated, inertia percussion firing mechanism. To prevent overpressure and help absorb recoil, the cannon has also been fitted with a bore evacuator, a blast deflector, and a concentric hydrospring recoil system. Ranging is manual and conducted through the gunner's M97A1 telescopic sight. Maximum range of the M32/T91E3 and M32A1 is estimated at 4,752 meters.

In 1982, the AAI Corporation announced that it had developed a 76 mm APFSDS shell for the M32A1 and M32/T91E3, which greatly increased the M41 tank's lethality. Both Denmark and the Republic of China (Taiwan) purchased an undisclosed amount of the new ammunition.

Variants

 * M41: Standard production model from 1951 to 1952. Armed with an M32/T91E3 76 mm rifled gun on an M76/T138E1 mount and carried fifty-seven rounds of 76 mm ammunition. Turret traverse was conducted through a pulsing relay system and electrical drives, and the tank was powered by an AOS-895-3 petrol engine.
 * M41A1: Replaced the base M41 as the standard production model. Received the improved hydraulic turret traverse system with manual backup in 1953. Armed with an M32A1 76 mm rifled gun on an M76A1 mount. Carried sixty-five rounds of 76 mm ammunition.
 * M41A2: An improved variant of the M41A1 incorporated in 1956 with a fuel-injected Continental 6-cylinder gas engine, A much less fuel hungry AOS-895-5 fuel injection engine, dual power traverse for the tank commander, and a pinion-type gun elevation gear.
 * M41A3: Upgraded M41A1 tanks with fuel injection engines.
 * QM41: United States Navy model, fitted with a remote-control mechanism and employed for ordnance testing purposes.
 * M41 105: An M41 hull retrofitted with the complete turret and 105 mm gun of the Stingray light tank. This prototype was trialed by Cadillac Gage as a potential market upgrade for preexisting M41 tanks but was not adopted by any country.
 * M41B: M41 modernized by Bernardini S/A Industria e Comercio for the Brazilian Army. Fitted with a new Saab-Scania DS-14A 04 eight-cylinder diesel engine developing 405 hp, enabling the tank to reach speeds of up to 70 km/h. A new cooling system was also installed, consisting of a radiator and two large fans. The size of this apparatus required the construction of an entirely new rear hull. The 76 mm gun has been bored out to 90 mm caliber, shortened, and fitted with a counterbalance on the barrel and a torsion bar compensator at the breech; this heavily modified M32 is known as the Ca 76/90 M32 BR2.
 * M41C: M41B rebuilt to the specifications of the Brazilian Marine Corps, including a different DS-12 OA diesel engine and a laser rangefinder.
 * M41D: M41 modified by the Republic of China Army with a new Detroit Diesel 8V-71T diesel engine, enabling the tank to reach speeds of up to 72 km/h and increasing its range to 450 km. The turret was altered to carry a Taiwanese-manufactured variant of the M32 known as the M32K1, as well as a co-axial Type 74 (FN MAG) general purpose machine gun. The M32K1 has a fume extractor and a different muzzle brake, and has been upgraded with thermal imaging sights.
 * M41 DK-1: M41 modified by the Royal Danish Army with an NBC protection system, an external laser rangefinder, and thermal imaging equipment.
 * M41E: M41 modified by the Spanish Army with a new General Motors 8V-71T diesel engine developing 400 hp; this increases the tank's range to about 483 km.
 * M41GTI: M41 modernized by German company GLS for the Royal Thai Army. Fitted with a new MTU MB 833 Aa501 diesel engine developing 442 hp, enabling the tank to reach speeds of up to 60 km/h and increasing its range to 600 km. The 76 mm gun was also coupled to the MOLF 41 digital fire control system with thermal imaging sights and a laser rangefinder, as well as a new co-axial Heckler & Koch HK21 machine gun.
 * M41 HAKO: Turretless M41 modified by the Spanish Army to carry a bank of HOT anti-tank guided missiles.
 * M41U: M41A1 with improved armor and a turret altered to carry the Belgian-designed 90 mm Cockerill Mk. IV gun as well as a co-axial FN MAG general purpose machine gun. Developed by Belgium for the Uruguayan Army.
 * T49: An experimental tank made as an improvement for the M41 Bulldog in 1954. Only two variants were built. The tank later served as a test bed for the XM551 Sheridan and was mounted with a rounded turret and a 152mm cannon.
 * Type 65: A M41 designed by the Republic of China Army, similar to the M-41D but with significantly thicker armor and a co-axial M60 machine gun. It is unclear whether the Type 65 is an M41 derivative built under license in the Republic of China, or simply a rebuilt M41A2/M41A3. Unlike the M41 series the Type 65's turret is entirely cast steel, and its interior dimensions are smaller.

Operators

 * Republic of China (Taiwan): 50 M41D
 * 🇩🇴 Dominican Republic: 12; 10 M41A1 in service
 * 🇬🇹 Guatemala: 10
 * 🇺🇾 Uruguay: 25 M41A1UR, 50 M41C
 * Vietnam: Captured or inherited from South Vietnam, largely in reserve storage.

Former operators

 * 🇦🇹 Austria: 40
 * 🇦🇷 Argentina: 5 on loan from the US; all returned.
 * 🇧🇪 Belgium: 135
 * 🇧🇷 Brazil: 386
 * 🇨🇱 Chile: 60, replaced by Leopard 1V MBT.
 * : 53
 * 🇪🇹 Ethiopia: 54
 * West Germany: 50
 * 🇬🇷 Greece: 81
 * 🇯🇵 Japan: 130
 * 🇱🇧 Lebanon: 50 in service with the Lebanese Army (1958–1984).
 * 🇳🇿 New Zealand: 10
 * 🇵🇰 Pakistan: 50
 * 🇵🇭 Philippines: 7
 * 🇵🇹 Portugal
 * 🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia: 60
 * 🇸🇴 Somalia: 10
 * 🇿🇦 South Africa: 1 confirmed, presumably for evaluation purposes. Other sources claimed anywhere from 90 to 100 in service; this resulted in significant controversy in the late 1970s.
 * South Vietnam: 350
 * 🇪🇸 Spain: 245
 * 🇸🇩 Sudan: 53; donated by Saudi Arabia in 1981.
 * 🇹🇭 Thailand: 200
 * 🇹🇳 Tunisia: 12
 * 🇹🇷 Turkey: 100
 * 🇺🇸 United States

Former non-state operators

 * Lebanesearmyfirstflag.png Army of Free Lebanon: Seized from Lebanese Army stocks.
 * Brigade 2506: 5; all destroyed or captured during the Bay of Pigs Invasion.
 * Kataeb Party logo.svg Kataeb Regulatory Forces: Seized from Lebanese Army stocks.
 * Ahrar flag.gif Tigers Militia: Seized from Lebanese Army stocks.
 * Lebanesearmyfirstflag.png Lebanese Arab Army: Seized from Lebanese Army stocks.
 * People's Liberation Army (Lebanon): Seized from Lebanese Army stocks.

title: M41 Walker Bulldog


text:
Lake Van Monster

In Armenian folklore, the Lake Van Monster (Van Gölü Canavarı, Վանա լճի հրեշ, Cinawirê Gola Wanê) is a lake monster said to live in Lake Van in eastern Turkey.

History
The Armenian chroniclers Movses Khorenatsi and Anania Shirakatsi wrote about vishaps (water dragons in Armenian mythology) living in Lake Van. According to the legend, the god Vahagn, the vishapakagh ("reaper of vishaps"), would plunge into Lake Van to drag out any vishap that had grown large enough to devour the world. Scholar James Russell considers that this legend is an Armenian adoption of Urartian myths concerning the combat of the god Teisheba with the water monster Ullikummi. Russell writes that into the modern period, the Armenians of the Van basin would refer to the sudden storms that arise on the lake as vishap kami (վիշապ քամի, dragon wind).

A story in the Ottoman newspaper Saadet of April 29, 1889, recounted that a creature had dragged a man into lake Van. Following reports of the incident, the Ottoman government sent an official scientific survey group to the lake who failed to spot the creature.

Russell discounts a connection between their belief about lake vishaps and the 1990s sightings of a lake creature, considering that any folk beliefs amongst the Kurdish population are likely to be affected more by stories about lake monsters in popular Western culture than any surviving Armenian traditions. He also recounts that Kurds he met in Van in 1994 and 1997 considered the lake monster story to be a "commercial ploy and a farce".

In 1997 a local man called Ünal Kozak claimed to have captured the monster on video which was sent for analysis. Academic Mustafa Y. Nutku has written a book about the creature, together with Kozak.

Kozak's video is under constant criticism, with questions like why it never pans left, possibly because of a boat that may have carried the creature. Or why the monster only goes straight, instead of curving through the water. Even criticism as to why the breathing is not in and out, but a continuous release, much like the effects of an air hose.

A 4-meter high statue based on reported sightings has been erected to its honor in Van, Turkey.

Skeptics point out that the region would benefit from tourist revenue and a hoax might attract visitors.

Cultural impact
The former Prime Minister of Turkey and poet Bülent Ecevit wrote a poem titled "Van Gölü Canavarı" (Lake Van Monster).

The Lake Van Monster appears in The Secret Saturdays episode "The Unblinking Eye". This version resembles a Mosasaurus-like creature.

Animal X (an Australian television show) season 1, episode #3 features the Van Lake Monster.

Josh Gates and his team search for the Van Lake monster on Destination Truth. Season 3, episode 305 "Alien Mummies/Van Lake Monster".

Footage claimed to be of the cryptid was shown on the TV Series Paranormal Caught on Camera.

title: Lake Van Monster


text:
Russet potato

A russet potato is a type of potato that is large, with dark brown skin and few eyes. The flesh is white, dry, soft, and mealy, and it is suitable for baking, mashing, and french fries. Russet potatoes are sometimes known as Idaho potatoes in the United States, but the name Idaho Potato is trademarked by the Idaho Potato Commission and only potatoes grown in the state of Idaho can legally be referred to by that name.

Varieties

 * Russet Burbank
 * Norkotah Russet
 * Frontier Russet
 * Russet Nugget
 * Centennial Russet
 * Rio Grande Russett
 * Silverton Russet
 * Ranger Russet
 * Umatilla Russet
 * Butte Russet
 * Alpine Russet
 * Alturas Russet
 * Arcadia Russet
 * Blazer Russet
 * Canela Russet
 * Castle Russet
 * Classic Russet
 * Clearwater Russet
 * Defender Russet
 * Echo Russet
 * Galena Russet
 * Gem Russet
 * GemStar Russet
 * Highland Russet
 * King Russet
 * La Belle Russet
 * Lemhi Russet
 * Mountain Gem Russet
 * Nooksack Russet
 * Norgold Russet
 * Owyhee Russet
 * Payette Russet
 * Pioneer Russet
 * Pomerelle Russet
 * Premier Russet
 * Reveille Russet
 * Rio Grand Russet
 * Sage Russet
 * Targhee Russet
 * Teton Russet
 * Vanguard Russet
 * Western Russet
 * Rainier Russet

Origin
To improve the disease resistance of potatoes, Luther Burbank selected the potato that became known as the Russet Burbank. It was not patented because plants such as potatoes propagated from tubers were not granted patents in the United States.

Use
Restaurants such as McDonald's use russet potatoes for their size, which produce long pieces suitable for french fries. As of 2009, "McDonald's top tuber is the Russet Burbank". The russet Burbank is more expensive than other potatoes, as it consumes more water and takes longer to mature, while it also requires large amounts of pesticides.

Varieties with high levels of starch, like russet potatoes, are well-suited to baking and mashing.

title: Russet potato


text:
Puffer machine

An explosives trace-detection portal machine, also known as a trace portal machine and commonly known as a puffer machine, is a security device that seeks to detect explosives and illegal drugs at airports and other sensitive facilities as a part of airport security screening. The machines are intended as a secondary screening device, used as a complement to, rather than a substitute for, traditional X-ray machines.

The term "trace-detection" refers to the machine's ability to detect extremely small "traces" of these compounds. The exact sensitivities of these machines are not published, but a mass spectrometer detects compounds on a molecular level and would only be limited by the efficiency of the collection from the air puffed to obtain a sample for analysis.

Available models and technologies
Entry Scan, developed by General Electric, and Ionscan Sentinel II, developed by Smiths Detection, use ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) technology and can detect explosives such as RDX, PETN, TNT, and Nitroglycerin. It can also detect controlled substances such as marijuana, cocaine, heroin, PCP, methamphetamine, and MDMA.

The Guardian, developed by Syagen Technology with preconcentration technology licensed from Sandia National Laboratories, is physically similar but internally different. The Guardian uses mass spectrometry (MS) technology, which can detect 16 explosive compounds with 10-100x more sensitivity than IMS, resolve multiple compounds at the same time, and perform shoe bomb detection without removing shoes. The collection technology licensed from Sandia Laboratories is also significantly different from those used in Entry Scan and the Sentinel II. Syagen offers a narcotics screening portal as a separate product.

Improvements
The Sentinel ll, unlike the Sentinel l, "requires less power, has a more modular frame design, which incorporates the compressor into the unit for easier installation and as a result, requires less space." It also "has a more ergonomic design, improved passenger interface and easier maintenance." According to the Transportation Security Administration's website, the machines "can be instantly updated through their vast information technology network to stay ahead of the curve."

The Guardian has been under development since 2001 but was introduced commercially after Entry Scan and The Sentinel. It improved the GE and Smiths Detection machines by providing a MS analyzer rather than IMS analyzer to do the sample analyses and detection. The National Academy of Sciences recommends the use of MS technology over IMS, calling it the "Gold Standard for resolving high-consequence analyses". The Guardian is the first and only trace portal machine that can perform shoe bomb detection as part of its scanning process, resulting in no removal of shoes is required. Most US airports currently require passengers to remove their shoes, a common complaint about airport security hassles.

Process
The machine operates by releasing multiple puffs of air at a passenger who is standing upright within the machine. This will flush out any particles on the person inside the machine then analyze and identify them in seconds. According to an article in the 16 June, 2005, New York Times, it is capable of screening up to 180 passengers an hour. This sample is then analyzed using IMS or MS technology to search for specific explosive or narcotic compounds. If a substance of concern is detected, the security personnel are notified by a visible and/or audible alarm.

Development
The machines were originally developed by Sandia National Laboratories in 1997. Prototypes have been under improvement since 2001 at the Science and Technology division of the Homeland Security Department of the United States. Sandia National Laboratories currently licenses its "puffer" preconcentration collection technology in collaboration with Syagen Technology in the production of the industry's only mass spectrometer-based puffer machine. According to an article in the 3 September, 2006, New York Times, they are also manufactured by General Electric and Smiths Detection using ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) technology at a cost of about $160,000 each. Delays in testing at the Homeland Security Department laboratory and questions about reliability have hindered their deployment. Early models were loud and slow, and required a lot of power. Durability has also been a concern. Trace portal machines are currently the only airport screening devices that automatically examine passengers for explosives.

Usage
At their peak, about 95 machines were installed in 34 airports. The majority of these were GE's Entry Scan and a few were Smith's Sentinels. According to an article on the 10 October, 2007 in USA Today, the TSA had planned on installing 434 machines; however, due to maintenance problems, they have halted installation and "have no plans to acquire more." The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has reported involvement with Syagen's MS trace portal machine recently, funding them in 2008 with one unit tested at Orange County Airport shortly afterwards. At most airports, the machines were replaced either by millimeter wave scanners or backscatter X-ray machines.

As well as having been implemented in US airports, there are also puffer machines at the Statue of Liberty (GE EntryScan3), just before visitors enter the statue itself. This is one example of the many increased security measures taken for popular New York landmarks post September 11, 2001.

The Israeli Border Police use trace portal machines at border crossings into areas under their jurisdiction such as the Allenby Bridge.

Three machines are installed at the security check for the CN Tower in Toronto, Canada.

Five machines are also currently operating at the "Gentilly-2" nuclear plant in Quebec.

title: Puffer machine


text:
Catherine Suckling

Catherine Suckling (9 May 1725 – 26 December 1767) was the mother of Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson. Catherine had eleven children of which Nelson was the third surviving son.

Family and marriage
Catherine was born on 9 May 1725 in Barsham, the oldest child and only daughter of the Reverend Maurice Shelton Suckling, the rector of Barsham and Woodton, and a prebendary of Westminster and his wife, Ann Mary Turner (1693–1768), daughter of Sir Charles Turner and Mary Ann Walpole (1673–1701). Her father died when Catherine was five, and her mother took the family to live at Beccles. There Catherine met the former curate of Beccles, the Reverend Edmund Nelson. They were married on 11 May 1749.

The marriage was a good one for Edmund, for Catherine was related through her father to the poet Sir John Suckling, and through her mother to the powerful Walpole family, by now elevated to the peerage as the Earls of Orford. She was a grandniece of Sir Robert Walpole, and the Walpoles' influence had helped her brothers Maurice and William embark on successful careers.

Children
The couple moved to Swaffham after their marriage where Catherine bore Edmund three children. Two died in infancy; a third, Maurice, survived. They then moved to Sporle, where on 12 June 1755 Catherine gave birth to the couple's first daughter, Susanna. Also in 1755 Horace Walpole offered Edmund the position of rector at Burnham Thorpe. Edmund accepted and the two settled at the rectory. William was born on 20 April 1757, and on 29 September 1758, Catherine gave birth to Horatio, naming him after their benefactor and the young Horatio's godparent, Horace Walpole. Horatio was a sickly child, and Edmund feared he would not live long enough to be baptised at the public ceremony arranged for 15 November. Horatio was baptised at a private ceremony on 8 October. The last of the Nelson children followed, Ann on 20 September 1760, Edmund on 4 June 1762, Suckling on 5 January 1764, and Catherine on 19 March 1767. Another boy, George, was born in 1765 but died three months later.

Death and legacy
Catherine died on 26 December 1767 at the age of 42, leaving Edmund with eight children. A grief-stricken Edmund buried her four days later in the church at Burnham Thorpe. He never remarried. Catherine's mother, Ann, died shortly afterwards. Maurice Suckling, Edmund's brother-in-law, visited the rectory to attend the funerals, and found Edmund heart-broken, and fearing for the future for his children. He had begun to call in favours with relatives to ensure that educations and positions could be found for them, and Suckling promised to do what he could for one of the boys, using the patronage available to him as a naval captain. This saw the start of Horatio's successful career in the Royal Navy.

Horatio was nine when his mother died, but remembered her with fondness. He recalled a line from Henry V when he did so and said that it could be seen in the tears in his eyes. He would also recall her hatred for the French.

title: Catherine Suckling


text:
Lord Crewe

Lord Crewe may refer to:
 * John Crew, 1st Baron Crew (1598–1679)
 * Thomas Crew, 2nd Baron Crew (1624–1697)
 * Nathaniel Crew, 3rd Baron Crew (1633–1721)
 * John Crewe, 1st Baron Crewe (1742–1829)
 * John Crewe, 2nd Baron Crewe (1772–1835)
 * Hungerford Crewe, 3rd Baron Crewe (1812–1894)
 * Robert Crewe-Milnes, 1st Marquess of Crewe (1858–1945)

title: Lord Crewe


text:
Talk:Rapid Reaction Force

Lets gather some data and make Rambuchan eat his words.

Let us feed him the hot dog :D

Rapid deployment vs. rapid reaction
This page redirects to "Rapid Deployment Force". Why not to "Rapid reaction force" - which also exists? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.144.99.145 (talk) 13:34, 30 January 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Rapid Reaction Force


text:
Talk:Scottish sundial

I'm restoring the external link to "Scottish Sundials". Although at first sight it is a link to a commercial site, it looks rather relevant to me. I've got no axe to grind on this: please remove the link again if there is a substantive objection. Thincat 15:23, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

I'm appalled that www.scottishsundials.co.uk could be mistaken for a commercial site. It is purely done out of interest and there is no financial gain from it.

author of www.scottishsundials 01:16, 30 October 2005

I suggest another external link www.sundialsofscotland.co.uk  that complements the existing link. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Dennis cowan (talk • contribs) 15:50, 23 June 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Scottish sundial


text:
Shah Badakhshi

Mullah Shah Badakhshi, popularly known as Mullah Shah was a 17th-century Muslim Sufi, and spiritual successor of the famous Sufi saint Mian Mir (1550 – 1635). He was born to a Qazi in the village of Araska in the Rustaq area of Badakhshan (modern day Afghanistan) from which also his name is derived from. He belonged to the Qadiri order of Sufism. He was the spiritual mentor of the Mughal prince Dara Shikoh Qadri (1615 – 1659) and his sister Princess Jahanara Begum. Dara Shikoh desired to be initiated into the Qadri order at the hands of Mian Mir. After Mian Mir's death, Dara Shikoh's search for a murshid took him to Kashmir where he met Mulla Shah Badakhsi. In Sakinatul Awliya Dara Shikoh writes in the chapter titled "Mulla Shah Badakhsi":

"This faqir is his (Mulla Shah's) servant and disciple. His blessed name is Shah Muhammad. Hazrat Mian Mir used to call him Muhammad Shah and Mian Mir's disciples and devotees would refer to him as Hazrat Akhund."

Sai Abu Saeed Fateh Ullah Masoom Al-Gillani Al-Qadri (Mullah Shah) was the caliph and deputy of Sai Mian Mir Sahib. Abu Saeed was powerful cleric of Islamic Law and the pronounced professor of his times. His actual name was “Syed Fateh Ullah Gillani” and family name (patronymic identify) was Abu Saeed, his title was Khawaja Masoom, and Mulla Masoom, which was bestowed from threshold of Sai Mian Mir Sahib and Mulla Abu Saeed Khan also used in history references. He perceived the given title a component of the faith and overlooked all other names. That's why Mughal Crown Prince Dara Shikoh in his manuscript on Sai Mian Mir Sahib “Sakeenat ul-Awliya” at various places calls him “Abu Saeed”, “Mulla Saeed”, “Khwaja Masoom”, "Mulla Masoom", "Khan e Jahan", "Abu Saeed Khan", and "Khan e Khanan (chief of the chief)" are also available. Other authors also used titles like Makhdom ul Asr, and Makhdom ul Mashaikh etc.

In his institution, pupils from far boarded to fulfill the thirst of knowledge. Abu Saeed had two sons, Syed Saeed Ud Din Gillani, titled by “Surkh Poosh” (One who wore red clothes) was the elder one. He was mentally ill and acceptable close to Allah by birth. He was out of worldly dependency therefore never married. He was buried next to Abu Saeed.

Younger son was Syed Zain Ud Din Gillani Qadri renowned as Zain Ul Awliya, the one by whom, the genealogy of Abu Saeed is trickled down up till now. Abu Saeed had one daughter, Makhdoma Syeda Fatima Gillani who's married with Abu Saeed's nephew in Uchh Shreef.

Mian Mir remained practicing spirituality for three years at Abu Saeed's residence. Abu Saeed served Mian Mir day and night with great purity. He thanked Abu Saeed, as he was set to depart from Uchh Shreef, and said, whatever demanded should be granted ask Abu Saeed what do you need? Abu Saeed replied Hazrat! Seems tough to stay away from you, just want to be a plaintiff. Mian Mir accepted him in fealty and ordered him to first accomplish all responsibilities and tasks from Uchh Shreef and come to my permanent threshold Lahore.

Sai Makhdom Abu Saeed Syed Fateh Ullah Masoom left every thing and came to Lahore where Sai Mian Mir Sahib granted him the first ever deputyship (a caliph).

title: Shah Badakhshi


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Damon Lucibello

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. [[smoddy ]] 19:55, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

Damon Lucibello
Unknown(can't even google),POV, personal page J E Bailey 15:25, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete garbage - the "child" image even is badly photoshopped -- Ryan Norton T 15:32, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete as vanity. (Ha at the photo though). KeithD (talk) 16:06, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Moved to WHNU. Should be more about the radio station than the DJ, though. And the vfd tag was misapplied. Uncle Ed 16:15, August 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Misapplied how? It looks fine to me.  And what part of You are welcome to edit this article, but please do not blank, merge, or move this article, or remove this notice while the discussion is in progress. do you not understand?  Your actions were highly inappropriate while there was an ongoing VfD vote.  You could have voted here on what to do.  And what happens when Damon Lucibello leaves WHNU?  Zoe 23:06, August 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Sorry, moved back. Thanks for setting me straight. awesome --Uncle Ed 15:55, August 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per above. Dottore So 03:56, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - not notable - Tεx  τ  urε  16:38, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Scott Ferguson (ice hockey)

Scott Ferguson (born January 6, 1973) is a Canadian Métis former professional ice hockey defenceman who played in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Edmonton Oilers, Mighty Ducks of Anaheim and Minnesota Wild.

Playing career
A great performance for the Kamloops Blazers, in the Western Hockey League (WHL) during the 1993-94 season earned Ferguson a second team all-star berth and a free agent contract from the Edmonton Oilers, which launched his professional career.

After spending most of seven seasons in the minor leagues (with the Cape Breton Oilers, Hamilton Bulldogs and Cincinnati Mighty Ducks), with only three NHL games (with Edmonton and the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim), Ferguson landed a regular job with the Oilers as a sixth/seventh defenceman, where he would play the following three seasons. Ferguson played in Sweden's HockeyAllsvenskan for Skovde IK during the NHL lockout.

Ferguson signed for the Minnesota Wild after the lockout ended. He played 15 games for the Wild and spent much of his tenure with their AHL affiliate the Houston Aeros. He then signed a one-year contract with the San Jose Sharks but was assigned to the Worcester Sharks and never played a game for San Jose.

In total, Ferguson played 218 regular season games in the NHL, scoring 7 goals and 14 assists for 21 points and collecting 310 penalty minutes. He also played 11 playoff games in two seasons for Edmonton, scoring no points and collecting 8 penalty minutes.

Coaching career
After retiring from playing hockey, Ferguson was an assistant coach for the WHL's Kamloops Blazers, where he had played during his Major Junior career. He coached there for three seasons (2008–09 to 2010–11), including 10 games (7-2-1) as interim head coach during his second season.

Transactions

 * June 2, 1994 - Edmonton signs Ferguson.
 * March 9, 1998 - Edmonton trades Ferguson to the Ottawa Senators for Frank Musil.
 * July 27, 1998 - Anaheim signs Ferguson.
 * July 5, 2000 - Edmonton signs Ferguson
 * August 4, 2005 - Minnesota signs Ferguson.
 * July 14, 2006 - San Jose signs Ferguson.

title: Scott Ferguson (ice hockey)


text:
Talk:Werner Boy

Untitled
I read somewhere that Werner Boy, who was still a student, did not return to the university and disappeared. Did he disappear from history or did he really disappear like Ettore_Majorana?
 * I've heard several people speculate that he died it WWI - which seems fairly likely for a German male of his age in this time period. Next time I'm in Göttingen I'll try to find out for sure.  Also, I have a copy of his dissertation which includes a brief autobiography, which I will use to update this article soon.  A13ean 16:44, 29 June 2007 (UTC)
 * ! A13ean 03:27, 7 November 2007 (UTC)
 * I contacted the author of the above paper, who gave me the information on Boy's date of death. This probably counts as original research, so if anyone feels it necessary, please remove it.  A13ean 15:25, 9 November 2007 (UTC)

Line field coloring
Does anyone else think that this paper, while interesting, is not directly enough related to the subject to merit inclusion as a external link? It is already linked to from the page for Boy's Surface. A13ean (talk) 21:31, 13 July 2010 (UTC)

Picture
There might be a picture of him in the Mathematical institute in Goettingen -- maybe on the 2nd floor in the hall? If anyone is in the area and could take a look I would appreciate it. a13ean (talk) 15:46, 25 June 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Werner Boy