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Talk:Personal software process

Advantage of Personal Software Process over extreme programming

Is there any connection between this PSP (Personal Software Process) and TSP (Team Software Process)? Face 13:32, 5 March 2006 (UTC)

Yes, they are connected. --Ralph Corderoy 12:04, 10 July 2006 (UTC)

This entry seems rather inaccurate in that the main emphasis of PSP is to use self-collected data and statistical methods to establish practical personal process limits for effort estimation. Reviews and quality control are important, but mainly to serve the goal of controlling the overall process of development. Control in this context means being able to identify the expected range of effort and quality with a reasonable level of certainty. The emphasis is on predictability, not perfection. -- —Preceding unsigned comment added by 216.254.31.189 (talk • contribs) I agree. PSP is primarily, AFAIUI, concerned with building a statistical model of the coder's performance in order to better predict future performance. --Ralph Corderoy 12:07, 10 July 2006 (UTC)

Welcome to Wikipedia, the encyclopedia that anyone can edit! If you know a lot about a subject and feel an article needs improvement, please feel free to make those changes. The Wikipedia community encourages you to be bold in updating pages. --Firi e n § 09:38, 15 August 2006 (UTC)

This statement from the opening: "more than 2/3 of the projects shipped were without any defects"

Seems preposterous on its face. Almost no software of any complexity is "without defects". It is probably more correct to say the projects met a certain quality bar. Most people involved in software would say that "perfect quality" is too expensive to be commercially feasible. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.16.13.198 (talk) 02:05, 25 October 2009 (UTC)

 * Exactly. Considering companies who have high quality standards such as Microsoft ship complex software with literally hundreds of uncovered bugs, we can almost conclude that the statement is a shameless self promotion, or a word play on the definition of "defect", or both. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 15.243.169.73 (talk) 14:11, 1 February 2010 (UTC)

 * I have yet to find a software process that can even reliably determine whether a software system contains defects. How was this metric even determined? The PSP book is peppered with marketing-speak claims like this with no real citations. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Ansciath (talk • contribs) 21:45, 14 February 2010 (UTC)

 * I've been learning and using PSP and the claim that "2/3 of the projects shipped were without any defects" most probably means that there were no defects found in the testing phase. PSP attempts to find the bugs you introduce into your software early by having phases such as Design Review and Code Review in an effort to prevent bugs from getting to the testing phase. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Haxhia (talk • contribs) 11:35, 21 July 2010 (UTC)

 * I have had some experience with persons who work with PSP, and their definition is somewhat different from the idea that there are no defects in the code, literally. Rather, they define "defect free" as meaning that the customer did not report any defects.  So, from the customer's perspective, the product was "defect free".  — Preceding unsigned comment added by Joshuadw (talk • contribs) 17:52, 31 May 2011 (UTC)

 * Still, Microsoft updates everyday patches, updates... most of them only to correct bugs that were mostly discovered by customer! so even the last definition let me doubt that 2/3 of the projets were "defect free". Maybe 2/3 of the functionnalities, maybee --80.254.148.59 (talk) 12:52, 15 August 2011 (UTC)

 * There is no reason to believe that Microsoft (Redmond) uses PSP merely because Microsoft (India) reports great success with it. To determine whether the statement about 2/3 of the projects being defect-free is accurate you need to find out what projects were delivered by Microsoft (India).

Danfranklinusa (talk) 03:40, 13 March 2012 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Personal software process


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Czech bluegrass

Czech bluegrass is Czech interpretations of bluegrass music that emerged during the middle of the twentieth century in the southeastern United States.

The music's history and performance in the Czech lands, however, make it more than simple example of mimesis. The American genre and style have been absorbed and transformed in the Czech context to produce a spectrum of uniquely local phenomena. These musical compositions still bear enough relation to their inspiration to merit the "bluegrass" name. Czech Bluegrass can be considered with respect to ideas of transculturation, appropriation, traditionalism, and "world" music.

Background
Czech interest in things American dates to the nineteenth century, and is suffused with luminous conceptions of the Old West, cowboys, American Indians and other iconic images. Czech Tramping emerged as its main vector after 1918 in the newly formed Czechoslovak Republic. Tramping in this sense is a Czech-specific blend of ideas taken from Scouting, the German wandervogels, and Americanist romanticism. The music that accompanied the movement (tramp music) was a blend of Czech folklore, early jazz and other "syncopated music", such as barbershop, harmony singing, and popular songs from the U.S., France, and elsewhere. Czech tramping enthusiasts quickly incorporated the sounds and "style" of Bluegrass when they first heard this music in the late 1940s.

First generation
Many Czech bluegrass "old-timers" date their involvement with something specifically bluegrass-like to the post-war years, a lean time for the music, but one that contains important developments. Information and inspiration for the music reached Czechs through unlikely means. When Czechs tuned into Armed Forces Network radio programs from US military installations in Munich, they were flooded with a wealth of American music that they were able to freely use for their own ends. Tramping's song repertory was soon augmented with tunes learned from the likes of Bill Monroe, Johnny Cash, Jimmie Rodgers and others. Instruments were often an obstacle, especially the still largely unknown banjo. The few musicians who tried to get by on tenor banjo and guitar banjo had little to inform their attempts at emulating what they heard on the radio, until Pete Seeger's 1964 Prague concert. Banjoist Marko Čermak was able to build the first Czech five-string banjo from photographs taken at this event. Soon after he started presenting this new style and instrument in performances with the group Greenhorns (Zelenáči).

This first generation of players (which also includes Rangers and Taxmeni) inspired many Czechs to take up distinctly bluegrass-like music, necessitating cottage industries and then actual businesses to support this community with written materials, recordings, and of course, instruments.

Czechs were in many ways isolated from sources of American bluegrass, but still were able to stay informed, though not without some difficulty. Paradoxically the 1968 Soviet invasion helped Bluegrass in the Czech lands. It scattered many Czechs into exile, whence they were able to send books, recordings, and other materials back home. The first (and now longest-running) Bluegrass festival in Europe began its history in 1972 in Kopidlno, only seven years after Carlton Haney introduced the concept with his Roanoke (VA) Bluegrass Festival of 1965.

Second generation: The progressive impulse
When recordings by the band New Grass Revival starting spreading through the Czech bluegrass community in the 1970s-80s, interest was sparked in the progressive possibilities of this music. The band Poutníci are a Brno-based group that included in their repertory bluegrass standards translated into Czech, newly composed and more folk-like songs, as well as classical instrumentals adapted for bluegrass instrumentation. They also sing almost entirely in Czech, making their music more accessible to wider audiences in their own country. This group continues to play today, with almost entirely new personnel. Lead singer and songwriter Robert Křesťan has become one of the most well-regarded Czech "folk" singer-songwriters, and has continued his trajectory away from the core of bluegrass with his band Druhá Tráva, who are best known in the U.S. for their collaboration with former Bluegrass Boy Peter Rowan.

Mandolinist/Fiddler Jiří Plocek left Poutníci to found the band Teagrass and has created an exciting performance idiom that includes elements of more traditionalist bluegrass, jazz, klezmer, Moravian folk music, and other regional traditionalist genres.

Petr Kůs is another notable composer/bandleader known more for the poetics of his texts than for his solid mandolin chops. Like Křesťan, he moved from emulative beginnings to a style that is less indebted to Bluegrass, though his band has always maintained the traditional bluegrass instrumental lineup and a lot of its musical affect.

(Neo-)Traditionalism
The bluegrass boom in the years following the 1989 velvet revolution was an expansion that attempted to fill the realm of possibilities Czechs enjoyed after being freed from the constrictions of state socialism. Druhá Tráva toured the U.S., and American artists were more able to perform in the newly forged (as of 1993) Czech Republic and its counterpart, Slovakia. This bubble didn't last, however. Druhá Tráva and Poutníci as well as some other hybridizing groups still perform successfully, but are not part of active musical development.

In the last decade, enthusiasts in the Czech Republic—following trends in the U.S. community—have nurtured a strong interest in the traditionalist forms of the music. Groups like Reliéf, Bluegrass Cwrkot, Petr Brandejs Band, Roll's Boys, Dessert, and many more fit into this category. They all perform aspects of bluegrass drawn from work by American musicians of the early days of the genre, including Bill Monroe, Flatt and Scruggs, Jimmy Martin, and all the usual suspects.

Current scene
The range of "bluegrass" expressions in the Czech Republic is wide. All the streams of emulation and innovation persist, serving different needs and sub-communities. An interesting current phenomenon is the growing streams of bluegrass music and materials that are exported from the country. Czech bluegrass bands of the more traditionalist variety tour to some degree in the U.S., but find it more practical to limit their travel to Europe, where they are known for their masterful instrumental and vocal performance. Czech luthiers have built a reputation for their fine craftsmanship and quality instruments. Makers such as Jiři Lebeda, Ondra Holoubek, and Eduard Kristůfek produce guitars, mandolins, and dobros that are known and purchased worldwide. Most significantly, perhaps, are the metal parts produced by banjo-makers Jaroslav Průcha, Láďa Ptáček, and Pavel Krištůfek, which are used throughout the world, most notably by Gibson and other established U.S. makers.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Czech bluegrass


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2005 NRL season results

The 2005 National Rugby League season consisted of 25 weekly regular season rounds starting in March, followed by four weeks of play-offs that culminated in a grand final on 2 October.

Finals series
The National Rugby League's 2005 finals series ran from 9 September to 2 October 2005, as eight teams vied to win the NRL Premiership in the Grand Final after the 2005 season. The final placings and first-week match-ups were decided only after all the matches in the final week were completed. The Grand Final, played on 2 October, was won by the Wests Tigers who claimed their first-ever NRL premiership. The runners up were the North Queensland Cowboys.

The Finals System
The system used for the NRL is the McIntyre final eight system, which is designed by Ken McIntyre in addition to the McIntyre Four, Five and Six systems to determine which two teams will play for the Premiership. In each of the three weeks of the competition, two teams are eliminated until only two teams are left. The better a team finishes in the home-and-away season ladder, the easier their route through to the grand final.

In the first week, twos are paired off as such by rank (games are played at the home ground of the higher seed):

 * Team 4 vs. Team 5 (1st qualifying final)
 * Team 3 vs. Team 6 (2nd qualifying final)
 * Team 2 vs. Team 7 (3rd qualifying final)
 * Team 1 vs. Team 8 (4th qualifying final)

Once all four games ave been played, teams are grouped into winners and losers, and then ranked based on their home-and-away season standings, for example:

...Losers #3 and #4 are immediately eliminated, while Winners #3 and #4 will face Losers #1 and #2 (in other words, a "double chance" for the two highest-ranked losers). Winners #1 and #2 receive a bye to week three, to await the winners of the two semi-finals.

The winners of the two preliminary finals will then face off for the premiership in the grand final.

title: 2005 NRL season results


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James L. Cate

James Lea Cate (November 16, 1899 – November 1, 1981) was a professor of history at the University of Chicago, an intelligence officer in the United States Army Air Forces with the rank of major, and part of the Air Force Historical Division during World War II. He authored at least two pieces of Air Force literature, one titled Origins of the Eighth Air Force: Plans, Organization, Doctrines, the other titled History of the Twentieth Air Force: Genesis. The former is 143 pages in length, while the latter is 298 pages. Both were classified at the time of their writing, but declassified in 1958.

From 1945 to 1958, with former AAF lieutenant colonel Wesley Frank Craven, an historian with New York University and Princeton, Cate was managing editor of the seven-volume history of the AAF, The Army Air Forces in World War II.

After the bombing of Hiroshima, Cate, as historical officer of the Twentieth Air Force from June 1944, received a letter from President Harry S. Truman which provided a lengthy justification for the dropping of the first atomic bombs ever to be used in warfare, Little Boy and Fat Man.

He is the grandfather of cartoonist Daniel Clowes.

title: James L. Cate


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Jack Douglas (writer)

Jack Douglas (born Douglas Linley Crickard, July 17, 1908 – January 31, 1989) was an American comedy writer who wrote for radio and television while additionally writing a series of humor books.

Radio
On radio, he was a writer for Red Skelton, Bob Hope and the situation comedy Tommy Riggs and Betty Lou (1938–46), in which Riggs switched back and forth from his natural baritone to the voice of a seven-year-old girl.

Television
Continuing to write for Skelton and Hope as he moved into television, Douglas also wrote for Jimmy Durante, Bing Crosby, Woody Allen, Johnny Carson, The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet, The Jack Paar Show, The George Gobel Show and Laugh-In. The producer of Laugh-In, George Schlatter, said, "He saw the world from a different angle than the rest of us. He was not only funny, he was nice." Douglas won an Emmy Award in 1954 for best-written comedy material.

He was best known for his frequent guest appearances on Jack Paar's shows of the late 1950s and early 1960s. On one such appearance, when Douglas was well established as a Paar guest, he was chastised by Paar for holding a stack of file cards with his jokes while talking with Paar. When Paar returned to television in 1973 and was confronted by unexpected low ratings, he engaged Douglas to contribute monologue material by mail. One week, there was no mail from Douglas; but his next package contained a note: "Sorry I didn't send anything last week. I forgot you were on."

Douglas and his third wife Reiko (née Hashimoto), a Japanese-born singer and comedian, were regular guests on shows hosted by Merv Griffin, Dick Cavett and Johnny Carson.

Humor books
By 1959, Douglas' appearances with Paar gave him a huge audience for his humorous memoirs, published by Dutton and Putnam with many mass market paperback editions by Pocket Books and others.

My Brother Was an Only Child, adapted from a book he privately printed in 1947 and sent to 400 of his friends, stayed on the bestseller lists for months in 1959. Some of his books, including Shut Up and Eat Your Snowshoes (1970), were set in Northern Ontario, where Jack and Reiko Douglas lived for several years after purchasing a wilderness lodge on Bird Lake near Killarney Provincial Park in 1968. The town Chinookville in his Northern Ontario books is based on the Ontario city Sudbury. The book The Neighbors Are Scaring My Wolf (1968) was based on his experiences living in New Canaan, Connecticut, while Benedict Arnold Slept Here (1975) recalled the misadventures of the couple while operating their own inn.

Woody Allen, in his 2003 film Anything Else (as his character David Dobel), references one of Douglas' books, Never Trust A Naked Bus Driver. Dobel recalls, "Years ago, Falk, a very wonderful comedy writer, wrote a very funny book with a deep, a really deep and meaningful title. It was called 'Never Trust a Naked Bus Driver.' Now, you would be amazed how many people do exactly that — and worse."

Published works

 * No Navel to Guide Him (1947)
 * My Brother Was an Only Child (1959)
 * Never Trust a Naked Bus Driver (1960)
 * A Funny Thing Happened to Me on My Way to the Grave (1962)
 * The Adventures of Huckleberry Hashimoto (1964)
 * The Neighbors Are Scaring My Wolf (1968)
 * Shut Up and Eat Your Snowshoes (1970)
 * What Do You Hear from Walden Pond? (1971)
 * The Jewish-Japanese Sex and Cook Book and How to Raise Wolves (1972)
 * Benedict Arnold Slept Here (1975)
 * Going Nuts in Brazil (1977)
 * Rubber Duck (1979)

Personal life
Douglas's third wife Reiko Douglas (née Hashimoto) was a Japanese-born singer and comedian. Reiko died of cancer on September 9, 2013, in Los Angeles at age 77.

title: Jack Douglas (writer)


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Emperor Yizong of Western Xia

Emperor Yizong of Western Xia (1047–1068), sinicized name Li Liangzuo, was the second emperor of the Western Xia dynasty of China, reigning from 1048 to 1067. Yizong was also known by his Tangut name Ningling Liangcha (寧令兩岔). "Ningling" (寧令, Tangut: ) was his Tangut title, which meant "Grand Prince",  while "Liangcha" (兩岔) was his personal name.

After the death of his father, Li Yuanhao (Emperor Jingzong) in 1048, Yizong assumed the throne at the age of one, but most of the power laid in the hands of his mother the Empress Dowager. In 1049, the Liao dynasty attacked the Western Xia and forced it to become a vassal state. In 1056, the Dowager was killed and Yizong's uncle, Mozang Epang, became the regent. In 1061, Yizong's uncle and cousin plotted against him, so he had them executed and assumed direct control of the Western Xia.

Yizong expanded the central government, adding many offices. He made the armies more efficient and improved his control over faraway states. Yizong began to attack the Northern Song dynasty and raided their villages. He also forced the Turpan leader to surrender. In later years, Yizong began to improve diplomatic relationships with the Northern Song and Liao dynasties. He died suddenly in 1068.

Family
Consorts and issues:

 * Empress Mozang (皇后沒藏氏, d.1061), daughter of Mozang Epang
 * Empress Gongsu (恭肅皇后梁氏, d.1085), personal name Luoyao (落瑤)
 * Emperor Huizong of Western Xia, personal name Bingchang (秉常)
 * Princess, married son of Dong Zhan (董毡) Dong Tongbi (董通比)

title: Emperor Yizong of Western Xia


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Delta County Airport

Delta County Airport is a county-owned public-use airport located 2 nmi southwest of the central business district of Escanaba, a city in Delta County, Michigan, United States. It offers limited commercial service, which is subsidized by the Essential Air Service program.

It is included in the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2021–2025, in which it is categorized as a non-hub primary commercial service facility.

The airport received $1 million from the US Department of Transportation in 2020 as part of the CARES Act to help mitigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Facilities and aircraft
Delta County Airport covers an area of 944 acre at an elevation of 609 ft above mean sea level. It has two asphalt paved runways: runway 10/28 measures 6,498 by 150 ft, and runway 1/19 measures 5,016 by 100 ft.

For the 12-month period ending December 31, 2022, the airport had 26,360 aircraft operations, an average of 72 per day: 68% general aviation, 27% air taxi, 5% scheduled commercial, and less than 1% military. In November 2023, there was 1 aircraft based at this airport: 1 ultra-light.

The airport operates a fixed-base operator for general aviation use offering fuel, general maintenance, aircraft parking, courtesy and rental cars, and a crew lounge.

A Republic F-84F is on display at the airport's entrance.

Passenger
SkyWest Airlines operates flights on behalf of Delta Air Lines in Escanaba. The airport sees daily services both to Detroit and Minneapolis. The airline created controversy when, citing staffing shortages, it operated flights to Detroit as a "tag flight" with a stop in Pellston. These services only lasted one month, and the airline returned to nonstop flights. However, another change was announced in December 2022, when the airline announced plans to operate tag flights between Escanaba and Iron Mountain en route to one of their hubs.

Accidents and incidents

 * On November 3, 2015, a Glimn Kitfox 2-3 impacted terrain while attempting a forced landing at Delta County Airport. The aircraft's propeller had stopped rotating inflight, but the engine was still producing enough power to remain in the air. The probable cause of the accident was found to be the aircraft owner's inadequate maintenance and servicing of the propeller gearbox, resulting in oil starvation, gearbox failure, and a subsequent loss of propeller thrust. A contributing failure was the aircraft's low altitude, which made it impossible to reach the runway in time. The private pilot in control, a prospective buyer of the aircraft, received minor injuries.
 * On August 2, 2018, a Gerald Dan Coppock homebuilt experimental aircraft sustained substantial damage during a runway excursion following loss of directional control while landing at Escanaba. The pilot, who was uninjured, reported the aircraft veered left once the tailwheel contacted the runway; both wingtips subsequently contacted the runway surface, and the airplane ground-looped. The right steering cable chain was later found to be broken and hanging out of the tailwheel, but it is undetermined whether the cable break occurred prior to or during the accident sequence.

Other sources

 * Essential Air Service documents (Docket OST-2003-15128) from the U.S. Department of Transportation:
 * Order 2004-4-3: selecting Skyway Airlines, Inc., d/b/a Midwest Connect, to provide subsidized essential air service at Escanaba, Michigan, at an annual subsidy rate of $290,952 for the period of August 5, 2003, through March 31, 2006.
 * Order 2006-6-23: re-selecting Skyway Airlines, Inc., d/b/a Midwest Connect, to provide subsidized essential air service (EAS) at Escanaba, Michigan, at an annual subsidy rate of $908,903 for the period April 1, 2006, through May 31, 2007.
 * Order 2007-3-21: selecting Great Lakes Aviation, Ltd. to provide subsidized essential air service at Iron Mountain/Kingsford, Michigan, Ironwood, Michigan/Ashland, Wisconsin, Manistee/Lundington, Michigan, and Escanaba, Michigan for the two-year period beginning when the carrier inaugurates full service. The annual subsidy rates will be set at: $797,885 for Iron Mountain/Kingsford, $799,779 for Ironwood/Ashland, $957,978 for Manistee/Ludington, and $617,415 for Escanaba.
 * Order 2008-1-13: selecting Mesaba Aviation, Inc., d/b/a Mesaba Airlines, operating as Northwest Airlink, utilizing 34-seat Saab 340 aircraft to provide subsidized EAS at Iron Mountain/Kingsford and Escanaba Michigan, at a combined annual subsidy rate of $2,251,767.
 * Order 2008-8-14: re-selecting Mesaba Aviation, Inc., d/b/a Mesaba Airlines, operating as Northwest Airlink, utilizing 34-seat Saab 340 aircraft to provide subsidized EAS at Iron Mountain/Kingsford and Escanaba Michigan, at a combined annual subsidy rate of $2,870,236, for a new two-year period, beginning August 15, 2008.
 * Order 2010-6-4: re-selecting Mesaba Aviation, Inc., d/b/a Mesaba Airlines, doing business as Delta Connection, utilizing 34-seat Saab 340 aircraft to provide subsidized essential air service (EAS) at Iron Mountain/Kingsford and Escanaba, Michigan, for a new two-year period, at a combined annual subsidy rate of $4,181,068.
 * Order 2012-4-10: selecting Delta Air Lines, Inc., to provide essential air service (EAS) at Chisholm/Hibbing, Minnesota, and Escanaba, Pellston, and Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, for $2,517,770, $2,833,558, $1,055,361, and $1,676,136, respectively. At Pellston, the service is to consist of 12 nonstop round trips per week to Detroit in the off-peak, and 14 per week in the peak period. At Sault Ste. Marie, the service will be 13 round trips per week year round. At the remaining two communities, service is to consist of 12 nonstop round trips per week year round. All service is to be operated with 50-seat CRJ-200 aircraft.

title: Delta County Airport