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Mr. Hankey, the Christmas Poo

"Mr. Hankey, the Christmas Poo" is the ninth episode of the first season of the American animated television series South Park. It originally aired on Comedy Central in the United States on December 17, 1997. The episode follows Kyle as he feels excluded from the town's Christmas celebrations due to being Jewish, finding solace in Mr. Hankey, a sentient piece of feces. Mr. Hankey does not come alive in the presence of other characters, who consequently think that Kyle is delusional. Meanwhile, the townspeople remove all religious aspects of Christmas to remain politically correct and inoffensive.

The episode was written and directed by co-creators Trey Parker and Matt Stone. The Mr. Hankey character was based on an idea from Parker's childhood; when Parker and Stone conceived the South Park series, they intended for Mr. Hankey to be the lead character. Heavily influenced by A Charlie Brown Christmas, "Mr. Hankey, the Christmas Poo" was the first South Park Christmas episode; the first musical episode; and the first episode, as well as the only one of the first season, in which Kenny does not die. In addition to Mr. Hankey, the episode introduced Craig Tucker, the school counselor Mr. Mackey, Kyle's father Gerald Broflovski, and the songs "The Lonely Jew on Christmas" and "Kyle's Mom's a Bitch". It served as a satire of political correctness and religious sensitivity.

The episode received generally positive reviews and has been described as one of the classic South Park episodes. It was watched by 4.55 million viewers during its original broadcast, the highest Nielsen rating to that date for South Park and the fourth-highest overall for a basic cable entertainment program of 1997. John Kricfalusi, the creator of The Ren & Stimpy Show, accused Parker and Stone of plagiarizing his idea, which the duo vehemently denied.

Plot
Kyle is cast as Saint Joseph in South Park Elementary's Christmas play, but is forced to withdraw when Kyle's mother Sheila expresses anger that her Jewish son is participating in a Nativity play. In response to Mr. Garrison's question, Kyle suggests the "Mr. Hankey" song as a secular substitute, but is rejected because no one else believes in its eponymous subject, a living piece of feces. Kyle leaves the school feeling lonely and excluded because he cannot celebrate Christmas with everyone else.

Mayor McDaniels decides that anything deemed offensive will be removed from the Christmas celebrations. Kyle again suggests that the town use Mr. Hankey, since he does not discriminate against anyone. At home, Kyle is scolded by his parents for believing in Mr. Hankey. While Kyle is brushing his teeth, Mr. Hankey emerges from the toilet and spreads feces stains around the bathroom, for which Kyle is blamed. Kyle decides to take Mr. Hankey to school to prove his existence, but Mr. Hankey does not come alive in front of people who do not believe in him. After Cartman sings an insulting song about Sheila, Mr. Hankey lunges at him in retaliation, which everyone perceives as Kyle throwing Mr. Hankey at Cartman. Kyle is sent to Mr. Mackey, the guidance counselor, but gets into further trouble when Mr. Hankey bathes in Mackey's coffee. Cartman, Stan, and Kenny believe Kyle is insane and have him committed to a mental institution.

The night of the play arrives, and with the performance stripped of all Christmas symbols, the children instead present a minimalist song and dance by Philip Glass. The parents, unentertained by the secular play, begin scapegoating one another for "ruining" Christmas and a fight ensues. When Chef is informed of the situation, he reveals that he too believes in Mr. Hankey. When everyone else starts believing, Mr. Hankey reveals himself and scolds them for losing sight of the true meaning of Christmas. With Mr. Hankey's existence confirmed, Kyle is released from the asylum and joins the townspeople in caroling as Mr. Hankey departs with Santa Claus. Cartman, Stan, and Kyle realize that something is amiss. As The End appears, Kenny cheers, indicating excitement and relief that he has survived the entire episode.

During the end credits, Jesus dejectedly sings "Happy Birthday to You" to himself alone in his television studio.

Conception and early history
The Mr. Hankey character was based on an idea Trey Parker's father created when he was toilet-training Trey as a child. Parker said he refused to flush the toilet as a child, so his father told him if he did not flush down his stool, which he called "Mr. Hankey", it would come to life and kill him. The concept stayed with Parker throughout his childhood; starting in elementary school and throughout his entire education, he would often draw the character in class, wearing a sailor's hat instead of the Santa Claus hat he would later wear in South Park. Parker shared the concept with future South Park co-creator Matt Stone when the two met at the University of Colorado at Boulder, and the duo immediately knew they wanted to create a film or production involving Mr. Hankey. The two discussed filming a three-minute short film involving a boy who befriended the talking stool, but Mr. Hankey would not come alive for anybody else, prompting others to believe the boy was crazy. They planned for the boy's parents to find him holding a stool in the bathroom and blame the child for smearing feces along the walls when it was actually Mr. Hankey's fault; they also planned to have him visit a school counselor, where Mr. Hankey would leap into the counselor's coffee mug and the boy would be blamed. At the end, it would turn out that the boy was indeed crazy and Mr. Hankey was not real at all, but a figment of the boy's imagination. Parker and Stone never made the short film, but practically all of its elements were included in the future South Park episode "Mr. Hankey, the Christmas Poo", with the notable exception of the ending. Although the Mr. Hankey short film was never made, Parker and Stone made two Christmas-related animated short films called The Spirit of Christmas, which served as precursors to the South Park series.

After the shorts began to generate interest for a possible television series, Parker and Stone conceived the idea of an adult-animated show with four children as main protagonists, and one of the minor characters included a talking stool named Mr. Hankey. They contacted the Fox Broadcasting Company about the show's concept, and the network arranged a meeting with the duo at its office in Century City to discuss how it would proceed. However, Parker and Stone said during the meeting that FOX did not like a talking poo character on its network and demanded the duo to remove him, which they refused. When FOX continued to stand by its decision (and supported by sister company 20th Century Fox Television, the show's original developer), the duo cut ties with the network and began pitching the series somewhere else. After Comedy Central expressed interest in the series, Parker and Stone brought up the idea of a Mr. Hankey episode during negotiations with the network executives. Parker claimed during a meeting, he said, "One thing we have to know before we really go any further: how do you feel about talking poo?" The executives were receptive to the idea, which Parker said was one of the main reasons he and Stone decided to sign on with the channel.

The elements of the episode involving Kyle's loneliness as a Jew during Christmas were inspired by Parker and Stone's perceptions of Jews growing up in Colorado during their childhood. Although the two went to different schools, they both witnessed Jewish children get beat up and bullied because both of their schools had very few Jewish students to begin with; although Stone himself is Jewish, he was not raised as a practicing Jew and so he did not experience much of the bullying himself firsthand. The unsuccessful efforts by the South Park Elementary School in the episode to include people of non-Christian denomination were inspired by similarly failed attempts Parker and Stone witnessed growing up. Parker cited as an example a chorus concert in which the single Jewish student was asked to sing her own Hanukkah song while everybody else sang Christmas songs; although the idea was to make the student feel special, Parker said it only made her feel more lonely and isolated.

Episode production
"Mr. Hankey, the Christmas Poo" was written and directed by Parker and Stone, and first aired in the United States on Comedy Central on December 17, 1997. It was the first official South Park Christmas episode. Television journalists said the Spirit of Christmas shorts were precursors to Mr. Hankey and that they shared some common traits, but that the television episode was considered tamer and more tasteful. Parker and Stone originally conceived the episode "Damien", which involves a boxing match between Jesus and Satan, as the first season's Christmas episode. Although they had long planned to feature Mr. Hankey in the show, they did not decide to make him a Christmas character until halfway through the filming of "Damien". Once they made the decision, they decided to make "Mr. Hankey, the Christmas Poo" the holiday episode instead; although it would not air until after the "Mr. Hankey" episode, Parker and Stone finished production of "Damien" before working on "Mr. Hankey, the Christmas Poo".

At the time they were writing the episode, Parker and Stone had seen a large number of news reports about government buildings refusing to allow the display of models of the nativity scene and other Christian holiday symbols, in an effort not to offend other religions. Parker and Stone, as two agnostics who still appreciated the Christmas holiday, said they felt the idea was "ridiculous" and, according to Stone, "We just wanted Mr. Hankey to say Christmas was about good and about presents, and it doesn't have to be this religious [controversy]." The two sought to write an episode in the tradition of old classic Christmas specials with their own irreverent South Park twist, and so they watched the famous 1965 Peanuts special, A Charlie Brown Christmas, repeatedly during the production process. Parker said, "At this point, we just sort of wanted to do a Charlie Brown Christmas South Park version. That [special] was definitely a huge part of my life growing up."

The episode was considered the first South Park musical episode, and included such songs as "Mr. Hankey, the Christmas Poo", "A Lonely Jew on Christmas" and "Kyle's Mom is a Big Fat Bitch". Parker and Stone were initially concerned about making a musical because, Parker said, "The general rule was people hated musicals". For the Mr. Hankey character, Parker and Stone adapted most of the elements from the Mr. Hankey short film they planned in college, except that Mr. Hankey would prove to be real, not a figment of Kyle's imagination. Parker said this was decided because of his frustration with the character Mr. Snuffleupagus in the children's show Sesame Street; for his first 14 years on the show, Mr. Snuffleupagus was an imaginary character seen only by Big Bird, which Parker said "really bummed me out". Parker and Stone felt Mr. Hankey should embody the wholesomeness and morals of cartoons from the 1930s, so they designed him to resemble the version of Mickey Mouse in the 1928 cartoon Steamboat Willie, particularly in his eyes. For the scenes in which Mr. Hankey smears feces wherever he walks, the animators scanned images of spread out chocolate and fudge and inserted those images into the episode. Parker and Stone had trouble deciding on a voice for Mr. Hankey, but Stone said it came to him while eating a Sausage McMuffin at a McDonald's in New York City, while taking a break from promoting South Park to the press.

Although Comedy Central did not object to most aspects of the episode, they did require some edits to material they deemed potentially offensive. During rehearsal for a Nativity play, a baby Jesus resembling a fetus pops out of Wendy, who is playing the Virgin Mary, and is caught by Kyle, who is portraying Joseph of Nazareth. Although the scene was ultimately kept in the episode, Comedy Central executives had problems with it and Parker said they had to handle its animation "very carefully". Additionally, during filming of the live-action Mr. Hankey commercial, the baby originally held the Mr. Hankey stool and took a bite out of it. Comedy Central officials would not allow the scene in the episode and it was changed to portray the idea that the baby had already eaten the stool off-camera, which Parker said he felt was actually funnier.

"Mr. Hankey, the Christmas Poo" is the first episode in which Kenny was not killed. Parker and Stone deliberately included several scenes that looked like they might lead to Kenny's death, but they decided because it was Christmas that they would not kill him (though he would later go on to be killed in several subsequent Christmas episodes). The episode was also the first time Mr. Garrison was portrayed as an anti-semite and racist, particularly when he asks Mayor McDaniels if she can get rid of all the Mexicans in South Park. Parker said this decision was made because, "Garrison at that point had already shown himself to be the most messed up person in the entire town, and there's obviously so much wrong with him mentally. A person that disturbed being a racist is funny to us."

Home media and soundtrack release
"Mr. Hankey, the Christmas Poo" was released, along with 11 other episodes, in a three-DVD set in November 1998. It was included in the third volume, which also included the episodes "Starvin' Marvin", "Mecha-Streisand" and "Tom's Rhinoplasty". It was later released in the November 2007 DVD release "Christmas Time in South Park", which also included the episodes, "Merry Christmas, Charlie Manson!", "Mr. Hankey's Christmas Classics", "A Very Crappy Christmas", "Red Sleigh Down", "It's Christmas in Canada" and "Woodland Critter Christmas". The episode, along with the other 12 from the first season, was also included in the DVD release "South Park: The Complete First Season", which was released on November 12, 2002. Parker and Stone recorded commentary track for each episode, but they were not included with the DVDs due to "standards" issues with some of the statements; Parker and Stone refused to allow the tracks to be edited and censored, so they were released in a CD completely separately from the DVDs.

Songs from "Mr. Hankey, the Christmas Poo" were featured in the October 2007 CD soundtrack release called "Mr. Hankey's Christmas Classics". The Birmingham News said the album "gleefully tramples on one of America's most cherished holidays [and] will likely make even cynical listeners gasp".

Themes
"Mr. Hankey, the Christmas Poo" is a satire on political correctness and religious sensitivity, particularly in its portrayal of the characters organizing "The Happy, Non-Offensive, Non-Denominational Christmas Play" to avoid offending anyone of any religious background. While many Christmas specials focus on the religious, spiritual and moral values of the Christmas holiday rather than the commercial aspects, "Mr. Hankey, the Christmas Poo" actually embraces commercialism in Christmas, suggesting viewers should enjoy those elements of the holiday without taking religion too seriously. York University Professor Alison Halsall said of this aspect of the episode, "Again, Parker and Stone blur the sacred and the profane, in this instance, to gut holidays of their traditional meanings."

The episode has also been described as simultaneously embracing and parodying animated Christmas specials like A Charlie Brown Christmas, Frosty the Snowman and It's the Great Pumpkin, Charlie Brown. It has also been described as a commentary on the way Jewish children are overlooked during the Christmas holiday; this theme is overtly stated by Stan, who says at the end of the episode that "Jewish people are okay and that Hanukkah can be cool too", as well as Christmas. M. Keith Booker, author of Drawn to Television: Prime-Time Animation from The Flintstones to Family Guy, said although the episode is irreverent in its treatment of Christmas, "even if spearheaded by a singing turd, [it] is about as close as South Park ever comes to being sentimental and nostalgic". Literary critic Mark Caldwell said the fact that Kenny survived the episode demonstrates the episode's "strong, albeit dutifully ironic, undercurrent of conventional holiday decency."

Alison Halsall said "Mr. Hankey, the Christmas Poo" is the strongest example of a history of scatology, the study of excrement, throughout the South Park series. Halsall said the use of fecal matter as a character, and especially its tendency to smear parts of itself around as it moved, directly confronts the viewer with "the inherent dirtiness of the human body, no matter how much we try to aestheticize it, Mr. Hankey's stains systematically mess up the cleanliness of the social order. [...] South Park refuses sanitization through the gross-out factor."

Cultural impact and references
Some writers consider Mr. Hankey one of the most easily recognizable and popular of the non-regular South Park characters. His high-pitched greeting, "Howdy-ho", was equally recognizable and became one of the most quoted lines from the show's first season. Several fan websites were made about the character within months of the episode's broadcast. In January 1998, Entertainment Weekly reported that Comedy Central executives had plans to produce a Mr. Hankey chocolate bar. Larry Lieberman, the channel's vice president of strategic planning and new business development, said a sketch of a Mr. Hankey candy bar was drawn and circulated, but mainly as a joke; he said no serious discussions were held about producing such an item. A stuffed Mr. Hankey became one of the most popular South Park tie-in products of the 1998 Christmas season.

In addition to the title character, "Mr. Hankey, the Christmas Poo" included the first appearances of characters Father Maxi and Mr. Mackey. Both characters appeared in "Damien", which was produced before "Mr. Hankey, the Christmas Poo", but the Christmas episode aired first. Mr. Mackey was inspired by Parker's real-life school guidance counselor; Parker, who provides the voice for Mackey, said the real-life counselor was similarly thin and wiry and that Parker's voice for Mr. Mackey is an exact, unexaggerated version of how his counselor spoke.

"Mr. Hankey, the Christmas Poo" includes several references to the Peanuts holiday special, A Charlie Brown Christmas. A Christmas pageant features the same biblical quote spoken by Linus in that special; additionally, the music featured in the pageant is very similar to the Peanuts special's musical score by Vince Guaraldi, and the South Park kids go outside to catch falling snowflakes on their tongues in the same way as in the special.

A doctor prescribes Prozac, a real life antidepressant, to Kyle for his apparent love for feces, which he describes as "fecalphilia", a condition perhaps better known by the medical term coprophilia. Composer Philip Glass composes the avant-garde musical score for the non-denominational Christmas play. Stone and Parker both strongly dislike Glass; Parker, who was a music major in college, said, "I really thought you could basically tell a third grader to sit down at a keyboard and mess around and sell it as a Philip Glass album, and no one would know the difference." The do-it-yourself kit in the live action commercial, in which families can make their own Mr. Hankey, is similar to the Mr. Potato Head toy set.

Reviews and ratings
Although Parker and Stone credit "Big Gay Al's Big Gay Boat Ride" as helping elevate the series, they felt "Mr. Hankey, the Christmas Poo" raised South Park to a new level of popularity and relevance. Parker said of it, "This was the episode that just vaulted everything." Following the success of "Mr. Hankey, the Christmas Poo", a large number of celebrities started contacting Comedy Central with the hopes of making guest appearances in South Park episodes. This allowed Parker and Stone to practically take their pick of guest stars, and led to appearances by Natasha Henstridge in "Tom's Rhinoplasty" and Robert Smith in "Mecha-Streisand". Stone said although "Mr. Hankey, the Christmas Poo" has become less shocking with time, viewers at the time of the episode's original broadcast were shocked, and some were horrified, at the idea of a living and speaking Christmas stool. "Mr. Hankey, the Christmas Poo" was the fourth-highest overall basic cable entertainment program of 1997. In its original American broadcast, the episode received a Nielsen Rating of 5.4, meaning the episode was seen by about 4.5 million households. The rating was the highest yet for South Park, and was more than seven times the Comedy Central prime-time average. The episode also earned a 51 share of the male demographic aged between 18 and 24; a share represents the percentage of households using a television at the time the program is airing.

"Mr. Hankey, the Christmas Poo" has been described as one of the classic episodes of South Park. Chris Vognar of The Dallas Morning News described Mr. Hankey himself as "the most outrageous character yet on TV's most outrageous show". Charlie Patton of The Florida Times-Union said the episode was "crude, nasty, irreverent and generally offensive—also extremely funny". He also said of the Mr. Hankey character, "If you're the sort of person who didn't care for that scene in Trainspotting where the Ewan McGregor character dove down the toilet and into the sewer in pursuit of his lost suppository, the whole Mr. Hankey subplot is going to be deeply disturbing." Doug Pratt, a DVD reviewer and Rolling Stone contributor, said, "Technically, the Christmas episode might well be the show's best effort, artistically, because it tackles the PC-ification of Christmas head-on, and also has an interesting psychological subtext: does the hero actually see Mr. Hankey, or does he have some serious psychological problems?" Diane Werts of Newsday said of the episode, "It's gross. It's yucky. It's probably offensive. It's also possibly the funniest holiday episode anybody's airing this year." Werts particularly praised the song "A Lonely Jew on Christmas". Jeffrey Andrew Weinstock, author of Taking South Park Seriously, said, "This episode arguably pushes the boundaries of what is acceptable, both for Christmas specials and television in general, farther than any previous one." Weinstock said this was particularly true of the episode's fake live-action commercial.

Before the episode was released, Debbie Liebling, then-Comedy Central vice president of development and production, herself described the episode as "adorably offensive". Alan Sepinwall of The Star-Ledger called the episode "a brilliant skewering" of political correctness and over-sensitivity, and called it "at once hilariously satiric and extraordinarily foul." Sepinwall also added Mr. Hankey to his 1997 list of most memorable TV moments, describing the character as the year's "most disturbing cartoon image" and as "a mythical holiday creature so bizarre and offensive it literally cannot be described in a family newspaper". Matt Roush of USA Today praised the episode, which he described as "ribald, raunchy and riotous". A.J. Jacobs of Entertainment Weekly said in January 1998 that the episode was "already infamous". Jacobs also said Mr. Hankey was so popular, he half-jokingly suggested Matt Stone and Trey Parker pursue a spin-off revolving around the character.

The music in "Mr. Hankey, the Christmas Poo" was also praised. "A Lonely Jew on Christmas" has been described as a "classic song", and "Kyle's Mom is a Big Fat Bitch", which reviewers described as one of Cartman's trademarks, was included in the 1999 South Park film, South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut. Not all reviews of "Mr. Hankey, the Christmas Poo" were positive. Rick Marin of Newsweek described the episode as "simply one long potty joke". Virginia Rohan of The Record said she liked Kyle's song and some of Kenny's antics, but that the episode was not as funny as The Spirit of Christmas shorts. Rohan said South Park "can be brilliantly over the edge, but often tonight, it sorely needs a comic bungee cord".

In 2003, the Chicago-based RedEye ranked "Mr. Hankey, the Christmas Poo" the greatest South Park episode. In October 2004, the Comedy Central website held a poll to determine the top 27 South Park episodes for a television marathon; "Mr Hankey, the Christmas Poo" came third, just behind "Good Times with Weapons" at #2 and "Fat Butt and Pancake Head" at #1. South Park Studios, the official South Park website, listed "Mr. Hankey, the Christmas Poo" at number four on its list of the Five Most Notorious Episodes.

Ren & Stimpy controversy
John Kricfalusi, the creator of The Ren & Stimpy Show, claimed the Mr. Hankey concept was stolen from his cartoon short, "Nutty the Friendly Dump", which was part of a cartoon book series viewable online. Kricfalusi even confirmed that he pitched the idea for an animated series of "Nutty the Friendly Dump" to Comedy Central, who turned it down. Kricfalusi said after the show aired, "I got nine or 10 messages from friends screaming, 'I can't believe this! They totally stole your story!' ... This idea of [feces] singing or dancing and being friends, well, that is my idea." Kricfalusi said he felt other elements of South Park were lifted from his work, and he told media outlets his company Spümcø was contemplating taking legal action against Parker and Stone. Comedy Central spokesman Tony Fox said Stone and Parker were not familiar with "Nutty the Friendly Dump" and that the claim was "ludicrous". Parker said he had never seen more than half an episode of Ren & Stimpy, which he said he did not enjoy because the characters were too over-the-top and the voice acting was too annoying. Parker said Kricfalusi eventually contacted the South Park creators, "He wrote a letter back saying, 'Oh, OK, I see how it could just be a coincidence, but you should just admit to the press that you're a big Ren and Stimpy fan.' — I'm not a Ren and Stimpy fan."

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Talk:Piano Sonata in B minor (Liszt)

Untitled
"The Sonata has had many champions over the years, and has been performed by virtually every major 20th century pianist. Pianists as diverse as Alfred Brendel and Vladimir Horowitz have performed it, and it seems to be one of the few works that appears in every repertoire. This may be because the sonata's considerable technical and interpretive challenges place it as one of the most difficult and rewarding works a pianist can undertake."

This should be removed, I think.

1. Is it strange that Brendel recorded it? Otherwise I don't understand the point...

2. "one of the few works in every repertoire". This should be explained, if not removed...

Anders Båtstrand

 * There's every reason to remove it? Schissel : bowl listen 17:34, September 1, 2005 (UTC)

Yes, it is perceived by many to be strange that Brendel recorded this work, since he has been associated, by his own repertoire, with the German classics, for nearly the last 40 years of his career. Most people are unaware that he recorded many Romantic virtuosic pieces in the earlier part of his career, displaying a quite ferocious technique indeed, in works like the Liszt Hungarian Rhapsodies (which are arguably even less "serious" works than the Sonata). In fact, he has recorded the Liszt Sonata twice.66.108.145.155 01:30, 13 April 2006 (UTC) Allen Roth

About the link's download...
When I downloaded the song (performed by Alberto Cobo), instead of the whole 34 minutes of the sonata, it cut off on the 30th minute (not exactly 30th). Is anyone else having this trouble? Or just me? If so, we should look for another download of the same song. It will be difficult to find though.
 * It's possibly for copyright reasons, I'll look into it to-night M A Mason

Will somebody more knowledgeable than me please try to link to Evgeny Kissin's performance of the sonata on Youtube? It's divided into four parts and does much greater justice to the sonata than the recording that is presently in this article. For one thing, Kissin's piano is in tune! — Preceding unsigned comment added by Starkt (talk • contribs) 11:36, 15 March 2011 (UTC)

Title
Nobody disputes that it is a piano sonata. However, it is always referred to as Liszt's "Sonata in B minor". I understand Wiki naming conventions, but I think in this case the title should be Sonata in B minor (Liszt) or perhaps Piano Sonata in B minor (Liszt), with Piano Sonata (Liszt) as a redirect. -- JackofOz (talk) 09:16, 23 October 2009 (UTC)

 * After all, we have Mass in B minor, not Mass (Bach). --   Jack of Oz   [your turn]  12:29, 8 July 2011 (UTC)

 * I would probably agree—as a pianist I don't think I've heard anyone calling it "Liszt's piano sonata". In [//www.google.com/search?q=liszt+sonata+in+b+minor&tbm=bks&tbo=1 this Google books results page], all but one (which is half in caps so I would probably doubt the title's well thought out) say "piano sonata in B Minor".  Best wishes, Rain City 471  (whack!) 20:12, 23 October 2013 (UTC)

 * Ok, I assume the page move isn't contraversial, and since there doesn't seem to be much activity on the talk I'll move the page. If anyone disagrees, feel free to revert and discuss on this talk page.  Rain City 471  (whack!) 12:20, 25 October 2013 (UTC)

Major Deficiencies
I am doing an overhaul of the article. It seems as though the article would be well served to be redesigned. The headings background and composition seem to be fairly unrelated to the subject matter located therein. Also some of the material seems dubious so I will remove it, if anyone can find a reliable source feel free to replace anything I remove. For instance, it seems unlikely that Schmumann would have been familiar with the sonata considering his death in 1856 and his mental capacity at the end of his life. I am going to add sources and some basic analysis. The piece has been critically analyzed many, many times, and I feel that it is valid to include some of this analysis within the wikipedia article.comment added by Drpainosaurus (talk) 15:07, 15 December 2009 (UTC)

Section reorganisation
Hi everyone, I think the article should be organised into two main sections (forgetting  for the moment):   and   (or a more eloquent title). The history section could contain the current  and   sections, and the music section could contain the   and   sections. Rain City 471  (whack!) 16:29, 21 October 2013 (UTC)

 * Since no-one's commented, I assume this to be uncontroversial and I'll be faint bold and do it. Thanks, Rain City 471  (whack!) 20:16, 23 October 2013 (UTC)

Why an image of Brahms?
Isn't it disrespectful to illustrate an article about a master work of one of the greatest pianists with an image of another composer, based in an anecdotal episode which doesn't make any difference at all? Fernandolunad (talk) 05:05, 4 February 2021 (UTC)

Potential Plagiarism Here
It looks like large swathes of text on this article, particularly in the "Music" section, might be plagiarized from other sources. I've found the same text repeated elsewhere, but I'm not sure if those were taken from Wikipedia or the other way around. Is there a way to determine when a specific section was added to the article so I can check? --DoDososeSe (talk) 21:25, 5 June 2021 (UTC)

Notable Performances
There seems to be no particular rhyme or reason to the given selection. (I realise that is something of a Wikipedia tradition.) While it's tempting to add several dozen more equally worthy recordings, I would rather suggest removing the section entirely. JBritnell (talk) 15:37, 9 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Piano Sonata in B minor (Liszt)


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User talk:Carrotski

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Jean de Dieu Ntiruhungwa

Jean de Dieu Ntiruhungwa is the former minister of the interior of Rwanda. He became minister of the interior in 2001. He has been replaced with Christophe Bazivamo in 2004. Ntiruhungwa had been minister before he received that office.

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Journalist
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 * You forgot to add the headline "journalist". Thank you.
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Ten German Bombers
Thank you for adding citations to Ten German Bombers; however, as far as I can tell, neither The Times nor spiked appear to connect that particular song with the German provisions commonly associated with Nazist propaganda (e. g. §86, §86a and §130 StGB and others) and the Home Office’s press release does not mention any songs. Unless I am overlooking something, the citations in the article do not support the article’s description of the Home Secretary’s statements, which does not make much sense on its own, either. Therefore, I suggest deleting the relevant paragraph from ‘as it might be construed…’ on, unless it can be backed up with more citations. —xyzzyn 11:36, 11 April 2006 (UTC)
 * done. The Grot 12:33, 11 April 2006 (UTC)

Ten German Bombers
Hi Grot,

I don't exactly understand why you removed the information about the song by Egotronic from the article Ten German Bombers. The information itself is definately relevant and deserves to be included. If what disturbed you is that the source for the statement is from a German-language newspaper, then you should have asked for another source or tried to find one yourself. But removing the statement alltogether wasn't really necessary. But if you'll read what Wikipedia considers a reliable source before removing statements based on what sources are cited, you'll read that "foreign-language sources are acceptable in terms of verifiability, subject to the same criteria as English-language sources". That means that the statement and the source can stay. If you could find an English-language source that would of course be better, but until you do that source will have to stay.

--CarabinieriTTaallkk 09:55, 18 April 2006 (UTC)

 * I'll answer this on Talk:Ten_German_Bombers were other people can join in if they wish. The Grot 14:56, 18 April 2006 (UTC)

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Into what language have the Dongba books been translated? Heron by the Sea (talk) 03:26, 12 July 2013 (UTC)

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Okolehao

ʻŌkolehao is a Hawaiian alcoholic spirit whose main ingredient was the root of the ti plant. 'Ōkolehao's forerunner was a fermented ti root beverage or beer. When distillation techniques were introduced by English seamen in 1790, it was distilled into a highly alcoholic spirit.

Hawaiians discovered that if the ti root is baked, a sweet liquid migrates to the surface of the root. Chemically, the heat changes the starch in the root to a fermentable sugar. The baked root is then soaked in a vat of water which dissolves the sugar, and fermentation begins. The fermented drink was later distilled into a highly alcoholic spirit which became Hawaii's only indigenous distilled spirit, and was prized by the king. The Merrie Monarch, King David Kalakaua, is said to have had his own distiller.

Etymology
The name is from the iron try pots that were brought ashore from sailing ships and converted into stills, and literally meant "iron butt", from Hawaiian ʻōkole ("butt") + hao ("iron").

History
After the initial production of ʻōkolehao in 1790, Hawaiians added sugar cane as another fermentable. When pineapple was introduced, this too was sometimes added for its sugar content. When Japanese and Chinese immigrants arrived to work in the sugarcane and pineapple fields they brought with them their native rice. The propagated rice was also sometimes added to the formula. By the beginning of World War II Hawaiians were producing ʻōkolehao of various formulations, all of which were sold to US military personnel located at the many bases in Hawaii. Spirit alcohol made from grains was rationed during the war and used for fuel by the military forces; the resulting shortage was good for ʻōkolehao sales, but encouraged many hastily produced inferior products. When the war was over, the production of ʻōkolehao gradually died out as rum and vodka became readily available and better-tasting than the crude ʻōkolehao then being produced.

Just as moonshine on the mainland was produced using various formulas, ʻōkolehao was produced using various fermentable ingredients such as taro. Aging in used whiskey barrels improved the flavor, though this was rarely done.

While the US Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives once recognized ʻōkolehao as a unique class, like vodka, gin, bourbon, tequila, whiskey, liqueur, etc., it is now recognized as a distilled spirits specialty (DSS), which requires the producer or distiller to submit the exact ingredients and general formula to the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB) and include a truthful and adequate statement of composition on the label.

For the short time ʻōkolehao was legally made in Hawaii after the war and into the sixties, the state of Hawaii granted ʻōkolehao a reduced tax rate. That reduced tax was ruled by the US federal government to be illegal due to discriminatory taxation of a spirit product.

Current production
Island Distillers in Honolulu makes 100-US-proof (50% Alcohol by volume) Hawaiian ʻŌkolehao, a re-creation of the original ʻōkolehao. There have been several past and recent productions of an okolehao type liqueur which is made by blending extracts of ti plant root, or ground up and emulsified ti root, with sugar syrup, rum, neutral spirits, bourbon, and other artificial and natural flavorings. Liqueurs are generally sweet from the heavy sugar addition, and are considered rectified spirits rather than distilled spirits. They are between 60 and 80 US proof, and taste much like a sweet fruit brandy, bearing little resemblance to the original ʻōkolehao. True or original-style ʻōkolehao generally had alcohol content in the range of 85–100 proof, dependent on the efficiency of the distillation process. The finished product was determined at the point the moonshiner decided that their ʻōkolehao had the right "hit" or "punch". Some full-strength ʻōkolehao were and are made at a proof up to 130 proof, 65% alcohol by volume, the proof obtainable by most illegal pot stills in a single pass.

Ola Brewery, headquartered in Kailua-Kona, Hawaii, has recently purchased the 40-acre Hilo Sugar Mill with the intent of commencing retail ʻōkolehao production in 2023.

Description
"Original", "real" ʻōkolehao taste depends primarily on the formula used, and the fermentation and distillation methods employed. As with all spirits, aging in oak barrels can produce a different flavor profile, but this is rarely done. ʻŌkolehao, like other moonshines from elsewhere, is usually consumed un-aged. Earthy, vegetal, hints of banana or pineapple, indeterminate tropical flavor: these adjectives and more have all been used to describe the original ʻōkolehao taste. It is a spirit unique to Hawaii, with a flavor of its own.

Cocktails
ʻŌkolehao is used as the main ingredient in a few cocktails, including the Chief's Calabash and the Lei Day cocktail. The Lei Day recipe from a 1947 edition of Honolulu Magazine calls for 1 jigger of okolehao, 1/2 jigger of Crème de Menthe, and a 1/4 jigger of absinthe (legal in Hawaii at the time).

Despite its Hawaiian origins, it is not commonly used in tiki drinks, likely because it was hard to get in California during the early days of Don the Beachcomber. Hawaiian bartender Harry Yee is attributed with inventing the Hot Buttered ʻŌkolehao, which may have been similar to Trader Vic's Hot buttered rum.

No recipes listing ʻōkolehao appeared in either of Trader Vic's drink guides. It is however sometimes used in Scorpion Bowls served in Hawaii, a nod to authenticism and the Scorpion cocktail's historical roots.

Tiki drink expert Jeff Berry lists a recipe similar to Vic's Scorpion and Kava Bowls named the Polynesian Paralysis, among others. The cocktail calls for 3 oz. ʻōkolehao, 3 oz. orange juice, 3 oz. unsweetened pineapple juice, and 3/4 oz. lemon juice along with orgeat syrup and other sweeteners blended with crushed ice.

In addition it has been used as a gin substitute in the Bee's Knees.

Pop culture references
On 3/7/1927, Sol Hoopii's Novelty Trio recorded 'Hula Blues', which became and has remained a very popular recording. It is a hapa-haole song, composed by two other famous Hawaiians, Sonny Cunha and Johnny Noble. The lyrics can be heard as a paean to ʻōkolehao: 'Oh, oh, oh-oh, the hula blues,/Tell me have you ever heard those hula blues./You can't imagine what you feeling blue about,/You simply get so full of pep you're starting to shout;/She wriggles and giggles and wiggles to those hula blues.//We want her, we crave her, we love her, ʻōkolehao./Oh, we want her, we crave her, we want her, ʻōkolehao, and now./You talk about your whisky, gin or wine;/There’s something makes you feel so dog-gone fine./Oh, we love her, we crave her, we want her, ʻōkolehao.'.

"Hawaiian Hospitality", a 1936 hit by Honolulu musicians Harry Owens and Ray Kinney, includes the line "When my dream of love comes true/There'll be okolehao for two." The beverage was a key ingredient in Hawaiian festivals such as the luau.

In Hawaii 5-0 air date December 17, 2012, Chin's uncle makes Ti root moonshine.

In Operation Pacific, a 1951 John Wayne movie, when Wayne's submarine crew get arrested for crashing and busting up a luau with the local Hawaiians asking for damages beyond Wayne's budget, he finds out the locals had illegal "okoolihau" which caused his men to get drunk. Wayne counters with a fine of equal amount to the damages to get them off the hook.

In "Think Fast, Mr. Moto" during a trip on an ocean liner to Hawaii, one of the guests asks the bartender what to order. He suggests a Panther's Kiss. He says it contains Okoolihao.

In the first Charlie Chan novel, The House Without a Key, a steward tells a main character, arriving from Boston, to "Keep away from the okolehau [sic]. A few gulps, and you hit the ceiling of eternity."

title: Okolehao


text:
User talk:Martijn

Please take a look at Talk:Elisabeth of Bohemia. Arrigo 15:12, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

WikiProject Indonesia
Hey there, I'm a fellow Indonesian. I was thinking probably we could make a well-establish WikiProject Indonesia, apart from the regional notice board. It saddens me that even the Indonesia article is not a featured article. What do you think about that? Oh, have you checked the new Portal:Indonesia? Looking forward to your reply. Take care and cheers -- Imo eng  11:04, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

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Talk:Liam Botham

Untitled
Oh purlease... surely he doesn't merit a mention as a 'rugby player' on the strength of playing a couple of seasons! —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Nao* (talk • contribs)||.
 * 1997-2005 is more than a couple of seasons. Grinner 15:19, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

No he merits a mention cos he has a famous dad —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 217.204.199.105 (talk • contribs)||.

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Copyright issue with Sphincterotomy}}}
Hello. Concerning your contribution, :, we cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from either web sites or printed material. This article or image appears to be a direct copy from. As a copyright violation, : appears to qualify for speedy deletion under the speedy deletion criteria. : has been tagged for deletion, and may have been deleted by the time you see this message. For text material, please consider rewriting the content and citing the source, provided that it is credible.

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 * rewrote the article in own words --Atif.hussain 06:01, 23 February 2007 (UTC)

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Nomination of Anal sphincterotomy for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Anal sphincterotomy is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Anal sphincterotomy until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Coin945 (talk) 08:47, 13 April 2021 (UTC)

title: User talk:Atif.hussain


text: User talk:86.125.101.16

title: User talk:86.125.101.16


text:
User talk:Rudeekam

Welcome, from Journalist
Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!  Journalist ''' C./ Holla @ me! |undefined
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
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Image Tagging Image:Deirdre Kambasha.gif
Thanks for uploading Image:Deirdre Kambasha.gif. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the media also doesn't have a copyright tag then you must also add one. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then you can use GFDL-self to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media qualifies as fair use, please read fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other media, please check that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Shyam ( T / C ) 15:29, 10 March 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Rudeekam


text:
User:AdiJapan

Hi! I'm Adrian, a Romanian guy. Life has brought me to live and work in the land of the Rising Sun, so I went for AdiJapan as my username. I mostly contribute to the Romanian Wikipedia, but I am also active here.

 * Interests:

 * languages, in particular grammar and phonology of Romanian and Japanese;
 * physics, in particular optics.

Please don't hesitate to contact me about these or any other subjects.

If you want to ask me for the IPA transcription of a Romanian word or name, you can use this page: User:AdiJapan/IPA.

If all the Wikipedians—
If you can talk with crowds and keep your virtue, Or walk with Kings – nor lose the common touch, If neither foes nor loving friends can hurt you, If all men count with you, but none too much; If you can fill the unforgiving minute With sixty seconds’ worth of distance run, Yours is the Earth and everything that’s in it, And – which is more – you’ll be a Man, my son! (From Rudyard Kippling)

My toolbox

 * User:AdiJapan/Sandbox
 * User:AdiJapan/Template

ja:User:AdiJapan ro:User:AdiJapan fr:User:AdiJapan

title: User:AdiJapan


text:
Pontifical Bolivarian University

The Pontifical Bolivarian University (Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana), also referred to as UPB, is a private university in Colombia with its main campus in Medellín, where it was founded in 1936. As of 2023, the university is ranked among the top four universities in Colombia and among the top 30 universities in Latin America by QS World University Rankings. In addition to its main campus in Medellin, the university has campuses in Bogotá, Bucaramanga, Montería and Palmira. As of 2021, the university had an estimated 26,000 students.

The university offers 74 undergraduate programs, 68 master programs, and ten doctorate programs. The university groups its educational programs under the schools of Architecture And Urbanism, Design, Engineering, Health Sciences, Law and Political Sciences, Strategic Sciences (Management), Social Sciences, Education and Teaching, and Theology, Philosophy and Humanities. The university also operates elementary and high school programs under its educational umbrella.

The university has several distinguished alumni such as Former President of Colombia Belisario Betancur Cuartas, and Former First Lady of Colombia Lina María Moreno Mejía.

History
The university was founded on September 15, 1936, by a decree of the Catholic Archbishop of Medellín, Monsignor Tiberio de Jesús Salazar y Herrera as the Universidad Católica Bolivariana (UCB, Catholic Bolivarian University). The UCB started with a small faculty and 78 students enrolled in the School of Law and with Monsignor Manuel José Sierra as its first rector. In 1945, the university received the title of Pontifical, from the Holy See under Pope Pius XII. With the right to use the title of Pontifical, the Pope became the Grand Chancellor of the university.

From the university's onset, Monsignor Manuel José Sierra wanted to anchor the university on the ideals of Christian humanism and those of the Simón Bolívar.

Academics
The university has programs that extend from elementary and high school to undergraduate and postgraduate programs The UPB 74 undergraduate programs, 68 master programs and 10 doctorate programs nationwide :

Academic and geographical organization
The university's organization is based on different types of academic units, namely:

 * School: includes one or several faculties or academic programs in the same area of knowledge.
 * Faculty: offers one or several curricula of professional formation.
 * Program: academic plan that provides either basic, professional, complementary or higher education.
 * Institute: academic unit that advances knowledge in an area through academic services, academic extension and/or research.
 * Center: provides academic services within or outside the university.

The university is made up of 8 Schools (main campus), 19 centers, foundations and institutes (Medellín) and in its satellite campuses, 13 centers, foundations and institutes. The university offers 42 undergraduate programs and 156 graduate programs: 11 doctoral programs, 48 master programs and 97 specializations.

Research
As of 2021, the university had 315 docent researchers working within 91 research groups across Colombia. which were coordinated by the Integrated Center for the Development of Research (CIDI from its initials in Spanish). The CIDI seeks to maintain a close and dynamic relationship between industry and academia through technology transfer and consulting services. The research groups are based in different campuses with the majority of them in Medellin. The research groups concentrate their efforts in the areas of Health Sciences, Social Sciences and Engineering.

Main campus
The main campus is located in Medellín and houses the main chapel, student health services, the main library and the schools of Engineering, Social Sciences, Architecture, and Languages as well as schools for primary and secondary education.

Bucaramanga
The Bucaramanga campus opened on July 12, 1991, in the Archdiocesan Seminary. In 1998, UPB established its own home on the Piedecuesta Highway, 7 kilometers away from the city. The estimated UPB Bucaramanga student population in 2013 was 5,800 students.

The UPB Bucaramanga campus houses the following schools:

Strategic Sciences' School

 * Business administration
 * International business management

Social Sciences' School

 * Social communication and journalism
 * Psychology

Law and Political Science's School

 * Law

Engineering's School

 * Electronic engineering
 * Computer engineering
 * Industrial engineering
 * Mechanical engineering
 * Civil engineering
 * Environmental engineering

Montería
The university opened its campus in Montería on May 25, 1995. The campus established the university's presence in Colombia's Atlantic region with academic programs in law, management, journalism, engineering, informatics, electronics, mechanical, agroindustrial, environmental management and several graduate programs. The campus is estimated to have 2,028 students.

Palmira
The university established its presence in the coffee region of the country through its Palmira campus. The university opened the campus in 2001 with programs such as Psychology, Marketing, Human Resources, Management, and Economics. The university currently has 218 students and it is the newest campus of the university in Colombia.

Affiliations
UPB is member of different international associations and programs. It is also a chair of UNESCO on Human Development and a member of the Foundation for Studies in France. It belongs also to the Sígueme Program a group that gathered 10 Colombian universities. UPB has agreements with universities in Germany, Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Spain, France, United Kingdom, Netherlands, Mexico, Peru, Uruguay, United States, Colombia, Cuba and Venezuela.

Libraries
UPB has a complete system of documentation and bibliography, with the central library residing in a dedicated four-story building. Every school at UPB has its own library interconnected with the Central one.

title: Pontifical Bolivarian University


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kenyatech

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Woohookitty 09:59, 11 September 2005 (UTC)

Kenyatech
Non-notable KeithD (talk) 15:14, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn 15:24, DV8 2XL 15:25, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

 Not enough discussion for consensus, reposting - Fernando Rizo T/C 04:06, 11 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete real but insignificant —Wahoofive (talk) 04:10, 11 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: Category:Maps of Africa

title: Category:Maps of Africa


text:
Category:Congressional Gold Medal recipients

The Congressional Gold Medal is the highest civilian award in the United States that can be bestowed by a legislature.


text:
Sukur language

Sukur (Adikimmu Sukur, Gemasakun, Sakul, Sugur, Sakun) is a Biu–Mandara language of Madgali LGA, Adamawa State, Nigeria.

Phonology

 * /ⱱ/ is only found intervocalically in ideophones.
 * /ɬ/ is often pronounced [x] word-initially.
 * /tʃ dʒ/ are often lenited to [ʃ ʒ] in fast speech.
 * /k/ can vary to [x~kʷ~w~g].

 * /a/ can be raised to either [e] or [o].
 * /ə/ is epenthetic. It is heard as [ə̥] if following an unvoiced consonant and if it does not bear any tone, and can also unpredictably be realized as [u̥] in fast speech.

Sukur also has two tones ; high and low.

title: Sukur language


text:
User talk:Abuff

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
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On a personal note, I'd like to say that so far, your articles on Ethiopian culture seem quite interesting (although they do need to be polished a little); keep up the good work! Also, I created a user page for you - it's very plain, but I hope you like it. If you don't, of course, you can change it to whatever you want. DS 15:15, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Abuff


text:
Sue Carol

Sue Carol (born Evelyn Jean Lederer, October 30, 1906 – February 4, 1982) was an American actress and talent agent. Carol's film career lasted from the late 1920s into the 1930s; when it ended, she became a talent agent. The last of her four marriages was to one of her clients, Alan Ladd, from 1942 until his death in 1964.

Early life and career
Carol was born Evelyn Jean Lederer in Chicago, Illinois, to Samuel and Caroline Lederer, Jewish emigrants from Austria and Germany, respectively.

While Carol was in Hollywood on vacation, a director offered her a screen test that resulted in a contract with Fox. She took it and began playing minor parts. One of the WAMPAS Baby Stars, she performed in motion pictures from 1927 until 1937.

Among the movies in which she appeared are Fox Movietone Follies of 1929 and Girls Gone Wild (both 1929). Her films were made in association with producer Cecil B. DeMille and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. After retiring from acting in the late 1930s, Carol established her own talent agency, the Sue Carol Agency.

Personal life
As a young woman, Carol married Allen H. Keefer, a buyer for a Chicago stock yard firm, divorcing in early 1929. In July 1929, Carol became engaged to actor Nick Stuart, and the couple married that November. They had a daughter, actress Carol Lee Ladd (born 1932), who was briefly married to actor Richard Anderson. In 1933, Sue Carol was cleared in a case involving the disappearance of a baby from a Brooklyn, New York, family. The family had complained that the baby had been taken for adoption in November 1932 by a woman who said she was acting on behalf of Carol. The Stuarts divorced in 1934. On Oct. 30, 1936 in Los Angeles, Carol married for the third time to fellow actor William Harold Wilson. That marriage also ended in divorce.

She married actor Alan Ladd on March 15, 1942, in Mexico. They had a son, David, and a daughter, Alana Ladd Jackson (married to radio commentator Michael Jackson). Carol was also the stepmother of Alan Ladd, Jr. She was Alan Ladd's manager until his death.

Death
Carol died on February 4, 1982, in Los Angeles, California, from a heart attack and is interred next to Alan Ladd in the Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery in Glendale, California.

For her contribution to the motion picture industry, in 1982, Carol has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 1639 N. Vine Street. In 1998, a Golden Palm Star on the Palm Springs, California, Walk of Stars was dedicated to her.

title: Sue Carol


text: User talk:84.28.54.209

title: User talk:84.28.54.209


text:
Talk:3D Space Cadet Pinball

Untitled
I love space cadet pinball!! I still play it several hours a day. My highest score ever is 9,105,000! Also, I would like to see a picture of 3D Space Cadet Pinball. This page should have a section where people post their highest scores!
 * Uhh...no. This is an encylopedia entry, not a GameFAQs message board. High scores are NOT relevant. I'll try and upload a screenshot later, though. ~ Oni Lukos c 21:04, 1 November 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:3D Space Cadet Pinball


text:
User:Abuff

My name is Abrham Teshale from Addis Ababa Ethiopia, and I have been editing Wikipedia since September of 2005. It is a very interesting place, and I hope to be a good contributor also wikipedia is a great encyclopedia for giving information on various things so i suggest that every one should try it out

title: User:Abuff


text:
User talk:Nli10

Welcome, from Journalist
Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!  Journalist ''' C./ Holla @ me! |undefined
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Usagi Chan
Usagi Chan has been proposed for deletion. An editor felt the subject might not be notable enough for an article. Please review WP:NOT and WP:N for general concerns and improve the article if possible. If no one objects to the deletion within five days by removing the prod notice, the article may be deleted without further discussion. NickelShoe (Talk) 16:07, 22 March 2006 (UTC)

Fields (band)
The deletion review you filed on Fields (band) has closed, and the deletion has been overturned. You are advised to add the sources you presented in the DRV to the article, or it may be renominated for deletion in the future. --Coredesat  09:34, 16 March 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Nli10


text:
User talk:Steventudor

Welcome!

Welcome to Wikipedia! My name is Barrett, aka Barrettmagic.

I noticed that you were new and haven't received any messages yet. I just wanted to see how you were doing. Wikipedia can be a little intimidating at first, since it uses different formatting than other sites that use HTML and CSS. In the long run, though, you'll find that the WikiSyntax is a lot easier and faster than those other ways. Here are a few links to get you started:

 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Merging, redirecting, and renaming pages

There are a lot of policies and guides to read, but I highly recommend reading over these first.

If you have any questions, feel free to leave me a message on my Barrettmagic talk page. Please be sure to sign your name on Talk Pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, along with a link to your user page. This way, others know when you left a message and how to find you. It's easier than having to type out your name!

I hope you enjoy contributing to Wikipedia. We can use all the help we can get! -- Barrettmagic 15:16, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Steventudor


text:
User talk:Kabl00ey

 '''[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=User_talk:Kabl00ey&action=edit&section=new Please click here to leave me a new message. ]'''

title: User talk:Kabl00ey


text:
User talk:Mael0010

Welcome, from Journalist
Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!  Journalist ''' C./ Holla @ me! |undefined
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
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title: User talk:Mael0010


text:
User talk:Evilhobo

Welcome!
Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, you can post to the help desk or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! -  BanyanTree 15:18, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
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title: User talk:Evilhobo


text: Category:Eastern Orthodox Christians

title: Category:Eastern Orthodox Christians


text:
Battle of Valea Albă

The Battle of Valea Albă, also known as the Battle of Războieni or the Battle of Akdere, was an important event in the medieval history of Moldavia. It took place at Războieni, also known as Valea Albă, on 26 July 1476, between the Moldavian army of Stephen the Great and an invading Ottoman army which was commanded personally by Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror.

Background
In 1475 the Ottoman's attempt to bring Moldavia under their control, at winter by using an army of Rumelian local levies, ended disastrously with a defeat in the Battle of Vaslui. During the proper military campaign season, the Ottomans assembled a large army, estimated by contemporary western sources at about 90,000-150,000 soldiers, under the command of Sultan Mehmed II and entered Moldavia in June 1476, But these sources are undoubtedly exaggerated. The fact that the first 100,000-strong army in Ottoman military history was formed during the reign of Selim II and that Ottoman military records kept at the time of the war recorded that the army was close to 30,000 shows that western sources give exaggerated numbers. Meanwhile, groups of Tartars from the Crimean Khanate (the Ottomans' recent ally) were sent to attack Moldavia. Romanian sources may state that they were repelled. Other sources state that joint Ottoman and Crimean Tatar forces "occupied Bessarabia and took Akkerman, gaining control of the southern mouth of the Danube. Stephan tried to avoid open battle with the Ottomans by following a scorched-earth policy." In the process the Moldavians forces ended up being dispersed throughout the country, leaving only a small force of about 10,000–12,000 men, led by Stephen himself, to face the main Ottoman attack.

Battle
The Ottoman army crossed the Danube in the second half of June 1476, then advanced on the Siret Valley, towards Suceava. Under these conditions, Stephen strengthened the fortresses and sent part of the army against the Tatars, succeeding in driving them out of the country, cutting the supplies of the Ottomans. Without receiving help from the Poles or Hungarians, Stephen was forced to oppose the invading army with only about 10,000-12,000 soldiers. He established his camp on a high plateau, that he fortified with trenches, palisades and wagons linked together, according to the Hussite model.

On 25 July 1476, Stephen attacked the Ottoman vanguard led by the beylerbey of Rumelia, Süleyman Hadambul, whom he had previously defeated at the Battle of Vaslui. He inflicted heavy losses, but the arrival of the main Ottoman army forced him to retreat to the fortified camp, sheltered by the artillery. The next day, on 26 July 1476, after an artillery duel, the main Ottoman forces were lured into a forest that was set on fire, causing some casualties to the attacking Ottoman army in the forest. According to another battle description, the defending Moldavian forces repelled several attacks with steady fire from hand-guns. The attacking Ottoman Janissaries were forced to crouch on their stomachs instead of charging headlong into the defenders' positions. Seeing the imminent defeat of his forces, Mehmed charged with his personal guard against the Moldavians, managing to rally the Janissaries, and turning the tide of the battle. Ottoman Janissaries penetrated inside the forest and engaged the defenders in man-to-man fighting.

Stephen, after a fierce resistance, overwhelmed by the number of opponents, was forced to abandon the camp and retreat through the forest. Although the Moldavian chronicler Grigore Ureche says that both the Ottomans and Stephen suffered heavy losses, saying that the entire battlefield was covered with the bones of the dead, other Christian sources say that the losses were very small for the Moldavians. The Polish chronicler Jan Długosz estimates them at "more than 200 dead", and the Italian Giovanni Maria Angiolello states that "about 200 were killed and about 800 captured". Given the subsequent course of events, Stephen likely saved most of his army, which he regrouped and used to constantly harass the Ottomans.

Aftermath
Stephen retreated into the north-western part of Moldavia or even into the Polish Kingdom and began forming another army. The Ottomans captured considerable parts of Moldavian territory but were unable to conquer some of the major Moldavian strongholds such as Suceava, Neamț, and Hotin and were constantly harassed by small-scale Moldavians attacks. Soon they were also confronted with starvation, a situation made worse by an outbreak of the plague.

Meanwhile, anti-Ottoman forces were being assembled in Transylvania under Stephen V Báthory's command. Confronted with this army and with Stephen's counterattack, the Ottomans retreated from major parts of Moldavia in August 1476 to come back again in 1480.

In fiction
In the Romanian theatrical play Apus de Soare by Barbu Ștefănescu Delavrancea (set in the final year of Stephen's reign), one can find a description of the battle in the form of a dialog between the daughters and widows of the boyars who had fallen in the battle, in which they describe how their respective fathers and husbands had to drag Stephen out of the battle, as he desperately tried to keep fighting.

title: Battle of Valea Albă


text:
Wikipedia talk:Articles for deletion/Sushi Done Right

"This food item does not resemble sushi in any shape or form" Exactly. That's the point, sushi isn't that great. And don't knock it until you've tried it. Request to be transwikied into the Cookbook.


text:
User:Pinikas

Here's a list of the articles I started:

 * Reflections (Manos Hadjidakis album)

 * New York Rock & Roll Ensemble

 * Archangelos

 * Microsoft Diagnostics

 * Frostbite (video game)

And here are some of the pictures I uploaded to Wikipedia:

title: User:Pinikas