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Cooper–Frost–Austin House

The Cooper–Frost–Austin House is a historic Colonial American house, built in 1681. It is located at 21 Linnaean Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts. It is the oldest extant home in Cambridge and is owned and operated as a non-profit museum by Historic New England. The house is rarely open for public tours, but private tours can be arranged during the summer months.

The house was built by Samuel Cooper on land that his father, Deacon John Cooper, had owned since 1657, and was first documented in 1689 in The Register Book of the Lands and Houses in the "New Towne" (as Cambridge was then named). Its original structure was a single room and chimney bay in width, two and one half stories in height with an integral lean-to, containing a "low room," "little room," "kitchin," "Chamber," "kitchin Chamber," "Garret," and "Cellar," all of which still exist, as do the original chimney and a facade gable. The house was extended ca. 1720 by Cooper's son, and then again between 1807 and 1816 by Martha Frost Austin and Thomas Austin who added an enclosed porch and Federal style stairway and trim. The house was acquired by Historic New England in 1912.

In 2002 the Oxford Dendrochronology Laboratory analyzed wooden beams from the original structure and ascertained that donor trees were felled at the following times: winter 1675–1676, winter 1680–1681, and spring 1681. The oldest timber may have been stockpiled before construction.

title: Cooper–Frost–Austin House


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Stadtoldendorf

Stadtoldendorf is a town in the center of the Holzminden district, Lower Saxony, Germany. Stadtoldendorf is the seat of the Samtgemeinde ("collective municipality") Eschershausen-Stadtoldendorf.

Government
Allocation of seats in the local council electoral period 2006-2011:

 * CDU: 10
 * SPD: 5
 * Grünen: 1
 * FDP: 1

Museums

 * Stadtmuseum im Charlotte-Leitzen-Haus
 * Freilichtmuseum Mühlenanger

Buildings

 * Försterbergturm, from the 13th century
 * Hagentorturm
 * Kellbergturm
 * Homburg castle, above old village
 * Altes Rathaus (from 1875)
 * Ratskeller (from 1621)
 * Charlotte-Leitzen-Haus

Notable people

 * Kurt Matzdorf (1922 – 2008), metalsmith, professor

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Stadtoldendorf


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Taboo (rapper)

Jaime Luis Gomez (born July 14, 1975), better known by the stage names Taboo, or Taboo Nawasha is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, actor, DJ, and comic book writer, best known as a member of the musical group Black Eyed Peas.

Early life
Jaime Luis Gomez was born in Los Angeles, California. His parents were both from Mexico. He attended Rosemead High School (class of 1993), and was educated at Richard Garvey Intermediate School. He also has Shoshone heritage from his grandmother.

Since 1995: The Black Eyed Peas
The Black Eyed Peas date back to 1988, when eighth-graders William Adams (will.i.am) and Allan Pineda (apl.de.ap) met and began rapping and performing together around Los Angeles. The pair signed to Ruthless Records (run by Eazy-E) in 1992, catching the attention of Eazy-E manager, Jerry Heller's nephew. Along with another friend of theirs, Dante Santiago, they called their band Atban Klann (ATBAN: A Tribe Beyond a Nation). Will 1X (aka will.i.am), apl.de.ap, Mookie Mook, DJ Motiv8 (aka Monroe Walker) and Dante Santiago formed Atban Klann. Their debut album, Grass Roots, was never released because Ruthless founder Eazy-E had died.

After Eazy-E died in 1995, Atban Klann reformed and changed their name to Black Eyed Pods, and then Black Eyed Peas. Dante Santiago was replaced with Jaime Gomez (Taboo), and Kim Hill became a steady background singer. Unlike many hip hop acts, they chose to perform with a live band and adopted a musical and clothing style that differed wildly from the gangsta rap sounds of Los Angeles–based hip hop acts at the time. Taboo is known primarily for his guttural spoken reprises of the last few words of a sung lyric, as well as emphatic flourishes between vocal parts. After being signed to Interscope Records and releasing their debut, Behind the Front (1998) the group (and their accompanying live band) earned critical acclaim. One of the singles from the album was "Joints & Jam", and was featured on the Bulworth soundtrack. Their second album was Bridging the Gap (2000), which had the single "Request + Line" featuring Macy Gray.

In 2003, Fergie became the fourth member of the group and the group gained international fame, having won six Grammy Awards and sold an estimated 75 million records worldwide. They released their third album Elephunk, with the hit singles "Where Is the Love?" and "Shut Up". Their 2005 album Monkey Business was a worldwide success, being certified 4× Platinum in the US, and spawning the singles, "My Humps" and "Don't Phunk with My Heart".

In 2009, the group became one of only 12 artists to have simultaneously held the No. 1 and No. 2 spots on the Billboard Hot 100, with their singles "Boom Boom Pow" and "I Gotta Feeling", with the next single "Meet Me Halfway" achieving similar success, from the album The E.N.D. These three singles topped the chart for an unprecedented 30 consecutive weeks in 2009. The album later produced a third Hot 100 number-one placement with "Imma Be", making the group one of few to ever place three number one singles on the chart from the same album before being followed with "Rock That Body" which peaked in the Top 10 of Hot 100. "I Gotta Feeling" became the first single to sell more than 1 million downloads in the United Kingdom.

The Black Eyed Peas were ranked 12th on the Billboard's Decade-End Chart Artist of the Decade, and 7th in the Hot 100 Artists of the Decade. In November 2010, they released the album The Beginning. The first single of the album was "The Time (Dirty Bit)" and topped the charts in many countries. In February 2011, the group performed at the Super Bowl XLV halftime show. The album's second single was "Just Can't Get Enough" and was released in February 2011. The music video was filmed in Japan one week before the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami. The third single "Don't Stop the Party" was released in May 2011. In July 2011 the group announced they were taking a break.

Solo work (since 2008)
In 2008, Taboo was in the process of creating a solo album, but in a 2011 interview Taboo said it would be some time before he would begin a solo album. Sie7e was also confirmed to have composed at least three of the Album's songs. "Revolution Ni Hao" can be heard on his official website.

Music he has co-written and performed has been featured on many movie soundtracks, including Coach Carter, Legally Blonde, Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle, and Barbershop 2: Back in Business.

In May 2014, Taboo released his solo single, "Zumbao", which is "all about having fun[...]being infected by positive energy." The music video for the song features a handful of YouTube talent including DeStorm Power, STRSkillSchool, freestyle footballer Séan Garnier, Mandy Jiroux, and Megan Batoon.

In November 2016, Taboo released the single "The Fight" about his successful battle against testicular cancer. The track was made in partnership with the American Cancer Society, for which Taboo is a global ambassador. The ACS will receive all funds generated by the song. On the song, Taboo said "I'm so proud to release The Fight because it's truly an anthem of survivorship. I want to use this song and my story to inspire and motivate people all over the world to live their best, healthiest lives possible."

Other collaborations
Taboo collaborated in the past with Ryan Key of Yellowcard on the song "Gotta Get It Now". He also collaborated with race rapper David Rolas for the song "Morena", and rapper Fudge Dog on the song "Get It". In late 2007, Taboo also collaborated with merengue star Juan Luis Guerra on a remix of his hit song "La Llave de Mi Corazón". In addition, he created a remix to the song "La Paga" by Juanes. Taboo worked with George Pajon Jr. and Andy Vargas to perform the Obama song "Yes We Can" (Si Se Puede). He performed together with Juanes, in the kick-off concert of South Africa Worldcup 2010, singing La Paga. He is on Paulina Rubio's Brava album adding vocals for the song "Hoy Me Toca A Mi", which he also co-wrote.

Acting
Taboo's first acting role was in the film Dirty with Wyclef Jean, playing the part of Ramírez. He then appeared in the 2007 independent film Cosmic Radio, which also stars Michael Madsen, Wes Studi, Irene Bedard, Daryl Hannah, Ricardo Chavira, and other well-known actors. He played the character Vega in the 2009 film Street Fighter: The Legend of Chun-Li. Taboo appeared as a judge on the reality show MTV's Top Pop Group. He also had a cameo in Blue's Big City Adventure.

Writing
Taboo later collaborated with Benjamin Jackendoff and Scot Eaton to write the third volume of the Marvel Comics series Werewolf by Night.

In 2021, Taboo, who identifies as Native American and Mexican, authored a children's book called A Kids Book About Identity, stating that he "had a long journey of educating myself and learning about both of my cultures, both being rooted in an Indigenous ancestry of course."

In February 2022, it was announced that Taboo and B.Earl would write a miniseries entitled Deadly Neighborhood Spider-Man, which sees Spider-Man going to Los Angeles and facing off against the Demon Bear. The series debuted in October 2022 and was illustrated by Juan Ferreyra.

Personal life
Taboo married Jaymie Dizon in Pasadena, California, on July 12, 2008, at St. Andrew's Catholic Church, two days before his 33rd birthday. will.i.am and apl.de.ap served as groomsmen. The couple had their first child in 2009 and their second in 2011. He has another son from a previous relationship, Joshua, who was born October 13, 1993.

His autobiography, Fallin' Up: My Story, co-authored with Steve Dennis, was released in February 2011.

title: Taboo (rapper)


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Euctemon

Euctemon (Εὐκτήμων, gen. Εὐκτήμωνος; fl. 432 BC) was an Athenian astronomer. He was a contemporary of Meton and worked closely with this astronomer. Little is known of his work apart from his partnership with Meton and what is mentioned by Ptolemy. With Meton, he made a series of observations of the solstices (the points at which the Sun is seen at the greatest distance from the equator) in order to determine the length of the tropical year. Geminus and Ptolemy quote him as a source on the rising and setting of the stars. Pausanias's Description of Greece names Damon and Philogenes as Euctemon's children.

The lunar crater Euctemon is named after him.

title: Euctemon


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Memorial Coliseum

Memorial Coliseum (or Veterans Memorial Coliseum in some cases) may refer to:

 * Alexander Memorial Coliseum, Atlanta
 * Allen County War Memorial Coliseum, Fort Wayne, Indiana
 * Arizona Veterans Memorial Coliseum, Phoenix, Arizona
 * XL Center Veterans Memorial Coliseum, Hartford, Connecticut
 * Jacksonville Veterans Memorial Coliseum, Jacksonville, Florida
 * Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum, Los Angeles, California
 * Lawrence Joel Veterans Memorial Coliseum, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
 * Memorial Coliseum (Corpus Christi), Corpus Christi, Texas
 * Memorial Coliseum (University of Kentucky), Lexington, Kentucky
 * Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum, Uniondale, New York
 * New Haven Veterans Memorial Coliseum, New Haven, Connecticut
 * Winston-Salem Memorial Coliseum, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
 * Veterans Memorial Coliseum (Marion, Ohio)
 * Veterans Memorial Coliseum (Portland, Oregon)
 * Veterans Memorial Coliseum (Madison, Wisconsin)

Memorial Coliseum is the former name of:

 * Beard–Eaves–Memorial Coliseum, Auburn, Alabama
 * Coleman Coliseum, Tuscaloosa, Alabama

title: Memorial Coliseum


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Chipman, New Brunswick

Chipman is a community in Queens County, New Brunswick, Canada. It held village status prior to 2023 and is now part of the village of Grand Lake.

The community of Chipman is located on the banks of the Salmon River at the head of the Grand Lake, the largest freshwater lake in the Maritime provinces. The village itself is located around 73.4 kilometres from the capital city of Fredericton.

History
Chipman is named after Ward Chipman Jr. (1787-1851), who served as Chief Justice of New Brunswick from 1834 to 1851. The village of Chipman was founded in 1835, and was made up of portions of the older parishes of Brunswick and Canning. The first settler in what would become the Parish of Chipman was Alexander McClure of County Tyrone, who arrived in 1820 with his wife, Mary McLeod and their five daughters. Earlier settlements upriver at Gaspereau, and downriver at the Range, existed prior to 1820, consisting of local settlers and Maine businessmen who established the first sawmills on the Salmon and Gaspereau Rivers. Immigration to the Chipman area escalated rapidly in the 1820s through the 1850s, with the large majority of new arrivals hailing from the northern counties of Ireland, in particular: Donegal, Londonderry, and Tyrone. The rapidly growing lumbering and sawmill industries were the primary impetus for this growth, which continued through most of the 19th century. The Parish of Chipman quickly became prominent because of its large population in comparison with the surrounding parishes, aided by the lure of employment from the burgeoning lumber mills, the coming of the railways, the development of the coal mining industry, and later in the 1930s, the establishment of L.E. Shaw's brick and tile plant. A large, modern sawmill currently provides many jobs for area residents.

The Grand Lake Coal Mining industry began in the 1630s when French settlers, called Acadians, learned about surface deposits of coal in the Coal Creek area now called Chipman, NB. The French used coal in their fort at the mouth of the Saint John river and in 1639 began selling coal to the British colony in the area now known as Boston, USA. This commercial trade in coal has been recognized as a National Historic Event and the First Export of Coal in America, by the Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Parks Canada.

Despite its prosperity, economic growth in the late 19th and early 20th centuries was insufficient to provide employment for all the population at a time when families typically produced several children. As a consequence, Chipman experienced its own exodus of surplus labour force, particularly young men who had gained valuable experience in lumbering and milling. Chipman-area natives became pioneering founders of the embryonic sawmill industries in Montana, Washington state and California, as well as leading businessmen in other ventures in the new western U.S. territories and states.

In 2018, a controversy arose when a "straight pride" flag, designed by local resident Glenn Bishop, was raised in Chipman but removed the next day due to public outcry and criticism of its potential harm to the LGBTQ+ community. Bishop claimed the removal as discrimination against straight people.

On 1 January 2023, Chipman was amalgamated with the village of Minto and all or part of five local service districts to form the new village of Grand Lake. The community's name remains in official use.

Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Chipman had a population of $1,201$ living in $605$ of its $647$ total private dwellings, a change of NaN% from its 2016 population of $1,104$. With a land area of 19 km2, it had a population density of in 2021.

Notable people
Elizabeth Brewster, CM SOM (26 August 1922 – 26 December 2012) was a poet, author, and academic.

title: Chipman, New Brunswick


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Kapparot

Kapparot (כפרות, Ashkenazi transliteration: Kapporois, Kapores) is a customary atonement ritual practiced by some Orthodox Jews on the eve of Yom Kippur. This is a practice in which either money is waved over a person's head and then donated to charity, or else a chicken is waved over the head and then slaughtered in accordance with halachic rules and donated to the hungry. PETA has made the claim that more than two-thirds of all the slaughtered birds are simply thrown in the trash, while the kapparot organizers claim that the sites donate the dead chickens to feed the poor.

Etymology
Kapparah (כפרה), the singular of kapparot, means "atonement" and comes from the Semitic root כ־פ־ר k-p-r, which means 'to cover', the derived meaning being one of covering or blotting out sin.

Practice
On the afternoon before Yom Kippur, one prepares an item to be donated to the poor for consumption at the pre-Yom Kippur meal, recites the two biblical passages of and, and then swings the prepared charitable donation over one's head three times while reciting a short prayer three times.

Using a rooster
In one variant of the practice of kapparot, the item to be donated to charity is a rooster. In this case, the rooster is swung overhead while still alive. After the kapparot ritual is concluded, the rooster is treated as a normal kosher poultry product, i.e., it is slaughtered according to the laws of shechita. It is then given to charity for consumption at the pre-Yom Kippur meal. In modern times, this variant of the ritual is performed with a rooster for men and a hen for women.

In this case, the prayer recited translates as: "This is my exchange, this is my substitute, this is my atonement. This rooster (hen) will go to its death, while I will enter and proceed to a good long life and to peace."

Using money
In a second variant of the practice of kapparot, a bag of money is swung around the head and then given to charity.

In this case, the prayer recited translates as: "This is my exchange, this is my substitute, this is my atonement. This money will go to charity, while I will enter and proceed to a good long life and to peace."

Historical controversy
Kapparot was strongly opposed by some rabbis, among them Nachmanides, Shlomo ben Aderet, and the Sephardi rabbi Joseph ben Ephraim Karo in the Shulchan Aruch. According to the Mishnah Berurah, his reasoning was based on the caution that it is similar to non-Jewish rites.

The Ashkenazi rabbi Moses Isserles disagreed with Karo and encouraged kapparot. In Ashkenazi communities especially, Rabbi Isserles' position came to be widely accepted, since Ashkenazi Jews will generally follow the halachic rulings of Rabbi Isserles where the Sephardic and Ashkenazic customs differ. It was also approved by Asher ben Jehiel (c. 1250–1327) and his son Jacob ben Asher (1269–1343) and other commentators. The ritual was also supported by Kabbalists, such as Isaiah Horowitz and Isaac Luria, who recommended the selection of a white rooster as a reference to and who found other mystic allusions in the prescribed formulas. Consequently, the practice became generally accepted among the Ashkenazi Jews and Hasidim of Eastern Europe. The Mishnah Berurah agrees with Rabbi Isserles, solidifying support for the practice among Lithuanian Jews as well. The Mishnah Berurah only supports the use of money (i.e., not a chicken) if there might be a problem with the slaughter due to haste or fatigue.

In the late 19th-century work Kaf Hachaim, Yaakov Chaim Sofer approves of the custom for Sephardi Jews as well.

Animal cruelty controversy
Some Jews also oppose the use of chickens for kapparot on the grounds of tza'ar ba'alei chayim, the principle banning cruelty to animals.

On Yom Kippur eve 2005, a number of caged chickens were abandoned in rainy weather as part of a kapparot operation in Brooklyn, New York; some of these starving and dehydrated chickens were subsequently rescued by the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. Jacob Kalish, an Orthodox Jewish man from Williamsburg, Brooklyn, was charged with animal cruelty for the drowning deaths of 35 of these kapparot chickens. In response to such reports of the mistreatment of chickens, Jewish animal rights organizations have begun to picket public observances of animal kapparot, particularly in Israel.

Proponents of the animal kapparot ritual in the United States argue the practice to be constitutionally protected as an exercise of freedom of religion in the United States, which is further supported by a 1993 Supreme Court of the United States decision in the case of Church of the Lukumi Babalu Aye v. City of Hialeah. In that case, the court upheld the right of Santería adherents to practice ritual animal sacrifice, with Justice Anthony Kennedy stating in the decision, "Religious beliefs need not be acceptable, logical, consistent or comprehensible to others in order to merit First Amendment protection" (quoted by Justice Kennedy from the opinion by Justice Warren E. Burger in Thomas v. Review Board of the Indiana Employment Security Division, ). However, the Supreme Court's principal concern in its decision was that the City of Hialeah specifically targeted a religious ritual, curbing the religious rights of a specific community, which conflicts with the First Amendment's Establishment Clause.

title: Kapparot


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User talk:Closo

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! D. J. Bracey (talk) 19:10, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
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title: User talk:Closo


text: User talk:67.180.133.227

title: User talk:67.180.133.227


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Blackpill

Blackpill (or Black Pill) is a suburban area of Swansea, Wales, beside Swansea Bay, about 3 mi southwest of the city centre.

Description
Blackpill falls into the Mayals ward.

The area is centred on a seafront building on Mumbles Road, which once served as a station and power station for the Swansea and Mumbles Railway; today, it houses a cafe called "The Junction". The land between Mumbles Road and Blackpill beach is used as Blackpill Lido, a family and children's play area which is popular in summer. Also on Mumbles Road is 'The Woodman', a local pub, and Blackpill Post Office.

Behind the Woodman, to the left of the main entrance to Clyne Gardens, is Clyne Chapel. The chapel was built in 1907 by Graham Vivian, who owned the nearby Clyne Castle and its estate, as the private chapel for his family. Although Vivian specified that it should have no stained glass windows to distract from the beauty of its surroundings, there are within it a range of notable artefacts that he collected on his tours to Italy. Clyne Chapel is a Grade II listed building and serves as the Anglican church for the local community.

The southern entrance to the Clyne valley cycle track is just across the road from the boating lake area. This cycle track runs through the Clyne Valley Country Park to Killay, Dunvant, and Gowerton, following the route of a former railway line, which formed the start of the Heart of Wales Line prior to the Beeching Axe of the 1960s.

Sloping uphill to the west of Blackpill are Clyne Gardens (Gerddi Clun), the landscaped former park of Clyne Castle. Built in the late 18th century and much altered, the building was for half a century a university hall, but is now converted to flats. Replacing demolished 20th-century student accommodation blocks is an estate of luxury futuristic houses built by Holder Mathias Architects, which were nominated for a RIBA award.

A Territorial Army barracks is just off the Mumbles Road leading up to West Cross.

Leisure
Blackpill has leisure facilities such as a former boating lake, which was here for about thirty years and has now been converted into a shallow paddling pool. North of the boating lake was a mini golf course sandwiched between a carriageway and cycle track. Blackpill Pitch-and-Putt, despite its name, is actually within the Sketty electoral ward, and in 2016 was converted to a footgolf course.

Blackpill Beach
Blackpill Beach is an area known for wildlife and wildlife watchers. Large numbers of wading birds and a variety of gulls, some rare, gather here at high tide. The beach and the stream that flows out of the area is a designated Site of Special Scientific Interest.

title: Blackpill


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Template talk:Back to the Future

Additions of characters
I'm removing the characters from this template. They probably need their own template, or something, because this one looks really bulky right now. --Dynamite Eleven 19:12, 30 August 2005 (UTC) PS: Just to give you an idea for a possible character template, here's what I salvaged from the previous edit : Back to the Future characters
 * Above edit by Wack'd About Wiki at 17:56, 2 September 2005 (looks better than what I salvaged) --Dynamite Eleven 23:24, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * It looks like we've come full circle. The characters are in the main template, where IMHO they should be, and Back to the Future characters is only used in one article, McFly family, where it looks out of place due to the presence of the main template.  I'll remove the characters template and nominate for deletion. -- Chuq (talk) 01:44, 10 December 2008 (UTC)

Template importance
"no" importance seems a bit harsh for the navigation template of a substantial cluster of articles about an important film trilogy. I've reclassed it as mid, which seems a reasonable compromise given that I personally consider it of high importance (within the context of navigation boxes, anyway). I've actually used it to navigate! -- Karen | Talk | contribs 21:09, 29 April 2007 (UTC)
 * on the other hand, in the grand scheme of things, that's an overestimate. How about "low", then? -- Karen | Talk | contribs 21:10, 29 April 2007 (UTC)

Update
I've updated this template to take over for the sidebar, I hope, which takes up way too much article real estate, esp. for articles with infoboxes. I don't think the characters take up too much space, since this navbox sits at the bottom of the article anyway, and now that navboxes hide, I think it's sufficient to include everything in one template. TheHYPO (talk) 14:46, 21 December 2007 (UTC)

title: Template talk:Back to the Future


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Wigan Wallgate railway station

Wigan Wallgate railway station is one of two railway stations serving the town centre of Wigan in Greater Manchester, England. The station serves two routes, the Manchester-Southport Line and the Manchester-Kirkby Line. It is 16 miles north-west of Manchester Victoria (distance via Atherton). The station is managed by Northern Trains, who operate all trains serving it.

Wigan's other main station is Wigan North Western, which is about 100 m away, on the opposite side of the street named Wallgate.

Description
There are three platforms, two through platforms and one bay platform for trains departing towards Southport or Kirkby. Platforms are below street level and reached via a flight of stairs from the street level concourse which contains a ticket office and a newsagent. However, a goods lift has been modified for passenger use to ensure step-free access to the platform.

The ticket office is staffed from 06:00 to 21:00 Monday to Saturday and from 08:00 to 20:00 on Sundays. Automated ticket barriers are in operation. Train running information is provided via digital display screens, timetable posters and automated announcements. Toilets and a waiting room are available at platform level.

History
There have been three Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway (L&YR) stations on their lines through Wigan over the years.

The original L&YR station at Wigan was opened on 20 November 1848 when the L&YR opened the line between Liverpool Great Howard Street and Lostock Junction (to the west of Bolton on the Manchester to Preston Line). The station was located east of the current station closer to the London & North Western Railway (L&NWR) station. Its possible location can be seen, although unmarked, on the 1849 OS six-inch map immediately to the south-west of the line and east of Wallgate (the road). This station was described by the press at the time as a 'hovel'.

On 9 April 1855 the L&YR opened a line between Wigan and Southport London Street. Following this on 26 May 1860 Wigan's L&YR station was relocated to a larger station positioned slightly west of where Wallgate station is today. The station main access was from Dorning Street to the north, with another access along a lane from Wallgate. The station consisted of two platforms joined by a wide curved passageway forming a bridge over the running lines.

The L&YR introduced a passenger service on 14 September 1868 between Wigan L&YR station and Chorley, utilising the route from Hindley to Blackrod which had opened for freight traffic on 15 July 1868. On 1 December 1869, the Chorley trains were extended to Blackburn. The London & North Western Railway (L&NWR) ran a competing service from Wigan L&NWR via Boar's Head, which shared the same route from Adlington onwards to Blackburn.

On 1 October 1888, the L&YR line from Atherton to Hindley opened, this was the last section of a direct route between Wigan and Manchester Victoria that avoided the bottleneck of traffic around Bolton. The L&YR then introduced fast, regular trains between Manchester Victoria and Liverpool Exchange, in direct competition with the L&NWR which used a more direct route between Manchester Exchange and Liverpool Lime Street.

Journey times between Manchester and Liverpool where further improved when a bypass line opened on 1 June 1889 between Hindley and Pemberton, passing to the south of Wigan. This allowed a faster journey for the L&YR's Manchester – Liverpool expresses by avoiding Wigan station. Express trains from Liverpool continued to serve Wigan L&YR on the route to Bolton Trinity Street, Rochdale and West Yorkshire.

From around 1890 the L&YR was criticised by Wigan Corporation regarding the standard of its station and poor facilities, this led to it being replaced by the current station which opened on 2 February 1896. The new station partially overlapped the previous one but had new buildings facing directly onto Wallgate.

After the grouping of railways following World War 1, both the L&YR and the L&NWR came under the auspices of the London, Midland & Scottish Railway and that meant there were now two stations called Wigan, they were both renamed on 2 June 1924, this station becoming Wigan Wallgate, the L&NWR station becoming Wigan North Western.

Passenger trains between Wigan Wallgate, Chorley and Blackburn via Hindley were withdrawn on 4 January 1960.

Following the railways 1955 Modernisation Plan steam traction was being phased out and by 1968 most services through Wigan Wallgate had been converted to diesel multiple unit (DMU) operation. The steam loco depot just west of Wallgate had closed in April 1964 and the sidings converted for stabling of DMUs. The 1965 British Rail (London Midland) timetable still shows express trains (Liverpool Exchange to Yorkshire and beyond) using or bypassing Wigan Wallgate.

The direct line from Hindley to Pemberton was closed on 14 July 1969 and all Manchester to Liverpool Exchange trains were routed through Wallgate.

The line from Bolton to Rochdale via Bury was closed on 5 October 1970. Trains from Liverpool now generally terminated at Bolton. Southport trains provided the main service to and from Manchester Victoria.

On 30 April 1977, the former L&YR terminus at Liverpool Exchange was closed. Trains were re-routed onto a new underground line beneath Liverpool city centre to Moorfields and Liverpool Central. Since diesel multiple units could not operate in the tunnels, trains from the Wigan line initially terminated at Sandhills (the last surface station), with passengers transferring to or from electric trains on the Southport or Ormskirk lines for the short trip into Liverpool city centre.

During the early and mid-1970s, the frequency of British Rail's trains from Wigan Wallgate was reduced. Services operated at irregular intervals, those from the Liverpool line ran only as far as Wigan or Bolton and there were no off-peak trains on the Atherton line. In May 1977, the train service was significantly improved under the financial sponsorship of Greater Manchester PTE. GMPTE subsidised British Rail to operate a regular interval timetable throughout the day, including stopping trains via the Atherton line. The improved frequency resulted in an increase in off-peak passenger numbers.

The trains to Liverpool (which had terminated at Sandhills following the opening of the Merseyrail link to Liverpool Central) were cut back to Kirkby on 12 May 1977. This happened when Merseyrail completed electrification of the western section of line between Liverpool and Kirkby. The diesel trains from Wigan were scheduled to meet an electric train from Liverpool at Kirkby and passengers transfer along the same platform to complete their journeys. This arrangement continued at Kirkby until October 2023 when the electrification scheme was extended to a new Headbolt Lane station where the arrangement was repeated.

The Victorian-era buildings on the station platform at Wallgate were demolished in 1978 and new structures erected. The street-level building remained largely unscathed.

In 1988 the availability of destinations from the station was improved by the opening of the Windsor Link Line in Salford, this enabled trains from Wigan to access Manchester Oxford Road and Manchester Piccadilly stations.

A major refurbishment of infrastructure was completed in October 2004. The £12 million project involved a complete renewal of the track and signalling at Wallgate station and the adjacent carriage sidings. The LMS-era colour light signalling was replaced with a modern electronic control system.

During Summer 2012, the ticket office was rebuilt and refurbished.

Passenger
All passenger train services are provided by Northern Trains and operated by, and  DMUs, and  BMUs. DMUs are unable to use this station because the body-side steps under the doors foul the platform coping stones here. During Monday to Saturday daytimes, this is the regular service pattern, however due to the Preston to Manchester electrification works during the 2015 summer timetable, there was an amended timetable throughout this period. There were no train services between Bolton and any Manchester station on Saturdays and Sundays between 2 May to 13 December, trains were routed via Walkden.

Monday to Saturday:
 * 1 train per hour (tph) Manchester Oxford Road via Bolton
 * 1 train per hour (tph) Stalybridge via Bolton and Manchester Victoria
 * 1 train per hour (tph) Blackburn via Atherton and Manchester Victoria
 * 1 train per hour (tph) Leeds via Atherton and Manchester Victoria
 * 2 trains per hour (tph) Southport
 * 1 train per hour (tph) to Headbolt Lane

Sunday: There is no Headbolt Lane service on Sundays.
 * 1 train per hour (tph) Blackburn via Atherton and Manchester Victoria
 * 1 train per hour (tph) Southport

From 14 December 2015, the weekday & Saturday timetable reverted to that used prior to the Farnworth Tunnel blockade. There are 3 tph via Bolton toward Manchester (2 to Victoria and 1 to Manchester Airport via Piccadilly) and 2tph via Walkden (both to Victoria). One of the former continues to Stalybridge and Huddersfield and one of the latter to Todmorden and Blackburn. Two per hour run westwards to Southport and one to Kirkby, whilst two others terminate here. In the evenings there are hourly services to the Airport via Bolton, to Southport and to Victoria via Atherton. The Sunday service pattern is broadly similar, but trains to Piccadilly run onward to Stockport, then either to Hazel Grove or Chester via Altrincham (alternate hours).

Previously there was no Sunday service on the Atherton line, this changed in May 2010 when a 12-month trial of an hourly Sunday service began between Wallgate and Manchester Victoria via Atherton (after Greater Manchester PTA agreed a funding package with train operator Northern Rail in December 2009 ). Transport for Greater Manchester made the Sunday service a requirement of the Northern refranchising from April 2016.

The timetable underwent a further major change with the summer 2018 version introduced on 20 May. Trains via Bolton from here have been withdrawn (save for a very limited morning weekday peak service to Manchester Piccadilly and Alderley Edge) - these now run to/from neighbouring Wigan North Western (though connections are available at Hindley). There are now 3tph to Manchester Victoria, all of which run via Atherton. These then continue to either Stalybridge, Blackburn or Leeds (the latter pair via Rochdale). The westbound service continues to Southport and Kirkby as before. On Sundays, there are two trains to Manchester per hour and one to Southport.

The loss of Bolton service proved unpopular with many regular users of the line and so Northern (Arriva Rail North) agreed to modify the timetable so that the current service to Wigan N.W. from both Manchester stations will be diverted to run to Wallgate and onward to Southport from the December 2019 timetable update. Services from Leeds and Blackburn via Atherton will henceforth terminate/start here (except on Sundays, when the service runs via Atherton to Blackburn).

Changes instituted as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic since the spring of 2020 have seen the timetable altered once again, with the Calder Valley service from Leeds via Dewsbury and Walkden routed back to nearby North Western through the day. Just a small number of peak period services on this route serve Wallgate in the weekday peaks. There is still an hourly service to/from Blackburn via Todmorden (continuing through to Kirkby in the daytime) from here during the day and in the evening.

The Wigan North Western to Leeds services have been moved back to Wigan Wallgate in the December 2022 timetable.

Freight
There was a limited freight service through Wigan Wallgate during the early 2000s, operated by EWS running to Knowsley Freight Terminal on the Kirkby line - these were suspended from 2006 onwards. Most freight services through Wigan run through nearby Wigan North Western on the West Coast Main Line. As of June 2016, freight service to Knowsley Freight Terminal has been reinstated which uses Wallgate instead of Wigan North Western, where most freight operates. The new service runs to/from Teesside 6 days per week.

title: Wigan Wallgate railway station


text:
Wolfgang Wolf

Wolfgang Wolf (born 24 September 1957) is a German football coach and a former player.

Career
Wolf was born in Tiefenthal. As a player, he spent twelve seasons in the Bundesliga with 1. FC Kaiserslautern and Stuttgarter Kickers.

Coaching career
Wolf spent eight more seasons in the Bundesliga as a coach with VfL Wolfsburg, 1. FC Nürnberg and 1. FC Kaiserslautern. In July 2009 Wolf joined Super League Greece club Skoda Xanthi F.C. but left the club in September 2009 for personal reasons. On 9 February 2010, Wolf was named as the new head coach of Kickers Offenbach, replacing Steffen Menze. In October 2019, he became new manager of 1. FC Lokomotive Leipzig.

Personal life
His son Patrick Wolf also became a professional footballer. In June 2012, Wolf signed his son while working as manager for Hansa Rostock.

Honours

 * DFB-Pokal finalist: 1980–81

title: Wolfgang Wolf


text:
Lübeck Museum of Theatre Puppets

The Lübeck Museum of Theatre Puppets (in German: TheaterFigurenMuseum Lübeck) is a museum of international puppetry in the Hanseatic city of Lübeck, Germany.

Collection
Fritz Fey Jr's private TheaterFigurenMuseum Lübeck is located on a narrow street called Kolk situated close to the Holstentor and below the brick Gothic St. Peter's church in the medieval city centre of Lübeck.

For decades Fey has collected anything related to the history of puppeteering in Germany and abroad and has exhibited part of his collection in this museum which comprises five medieval brick houses. It can well compete with the internationally renowned corresponding collections of the Münchener Stadtmuseum in Munich or the Dresdner Puppenmuseum in Dresden and is a widely acknowledged enrichment of Lübeck's museum scene, sponsored above all by the City of Lübeck and a private charitable foundation, the Possehl-Stiftung.

The museum contains some thousand exhibits from three centuries and three continents (Europe, Africa and Asia). They demonstrate that puppeteers have always and everywhere tried to hold a mirror up to their societies. The puppets they have used are technically quite different: glove puppets, marionettes, rod- and finger puppets, shadow puppets, ventriloquist's dummies, mechanical puppets, five-in-one puppets: all these puppets are represented in this museum.

The stars of the museum are the imaginative shadow puppets from Indonesia (Wayang), "Moto Rafael, the Electric Drawer", the "Dog Clown" that was used in scenes with real dogs, or the technically sophisticated "metamorphoses" - to name but a few.

In addition to the great variety of puppets the museum displays posters, props, scenery, costumes, musical instruments and even entire puppet theaters, i. e, all the attributes of high-quality puppeteering.

By means of a museum quiz youths and their parents can playfully dive into the world of puppeteers. In the video room a short documentary shows puppet plays from all over the world.

The museum has a shop and a café in which the visitors can relax among old marionettes and illustrations of gruesome and moralising ballads formerly recited by street singers.

Publications

 * TheaterFigurenMuseum Lübeck / Figurentheater Lübeck / UNIMA Deutschland, Fundsache: KRAMER - entdeckt, erkundet, entwickelt, Theaterfiguren im Kolk - Band 1: Sonderausstellung - Filmnacht - Symposium, Puppen & Masken, Frankfurt 2012, ISBN 978-3-935011-85-3
 * TheaterFigurenMuseum Lübeck / UNIMA Deutschland, Im Reich der Schatten - Chinesisches Schattentheater trifft Peking-Oper, Theaterfiguren im Kolk - Band 2: Katalog zur Sonderausstellung, Puppen & Masken, Frankfurt 2012, ISBN 978-3-935011-86-0

title: Lübeck Museum of Theatre Puppets


text:
St Thomas, Swansea

St Thomas is a suburban district and community in Swansea, Wales. It is a mainly residential area which lies east of Swansea city centre across the River Tawe and falls within the St Thomas ward. Fabian Way divides the traditional residential area from Swansea Docks, which has been developed during the 2010s to create a new area of commercial activities and apartments.

At the 2011 UK Census the community had a population of 7,187. It includes the area of Port Tennant.

Local amenities in the area include the recently  built  St Thomas Community Primary school which  also  incorporates  the  old  Margaret Street Nursery school,  Community Centre  and  local  library. St. Thomas is a traditional working class area with a core of 2-3 bedroom mid-Victorian terraces built to accommodate the local dock and industrial workers. Post-war council housing was constructed in the mid twentieth century.

On the east bank of the River Tawe in St Thomas, there is a grassy recreational area that includes a footpath and cycle track (part of NCR 43). The area is used for recreation purposes by the local population and there are proposals to re-develop the area with new housing. This proposal has met with some opposition from residents on Kilvey Hill.

Neighboring areas are Kilvey Community Woodland and Port Tennant.

The area is the birthplace of educator Flora Forster and singer Harry Secombe.

title: St Thomas, Swansea


text:
Brocéliande

Brocéliande, earlier known as Brécheliant and Brécilien, is a legendary enchanted forest that had a reputation in the medieval European imagination as a place of magic and mystery. Brocéliande is featured in several medieval texts, mostly related to the Arthurian legend and the characters of Merlin, Morgan le Fay, the Lady of the Lake, and some of the Knights of the Round Table. It first appeared in literature in the Roman de Rou chronicle by Wace in 1160 and today is most commonly identified as Paimpont forest in Brittany, France.

Brocéliande is a place of legend due to its uncertain location, unusual weather, and its ties with Arthurian mythology, most notably the tomb of the legendary figure of Merlin. According to these accounts, the forest sheltered Morgan's magical Vale of No Return, the faery fountain of Barenton, and the place of Merlin's retirement, imprisonment, or death.

Etymology
The etymology is uncertain. The oldest known form, Brecheliant, could be based on the Celtic Brec'h (hill), followed by a man's name. The later form of Brocéliande could be derived from bro (meaning country in Breton, Cornish and Welsh), but this variant does not appear until the 12th century, in the work of Chrétien de Troyes. A popular etymology from Old French derives the term ultimately from "" for "forest" and "" for "heath".

Medieval historical accounts
First known mention of Brocéliande is found in Roman de Rou, a c. 1160 chronicle Anglo-Norman poet Wace, which covers the history of the Dukes of Normandy from the time of Rollo of Normandy to the battle of Tinchebray. Wace numbers the Bretons from Brocéliande (Brecheliant), about whom there are many legends ("ceux de Brecheliant dont les Bretons disent maintes légendes..."), along with the Breton knights. Wace gives the name of the fountain of Barenton ("La fontaine de Berenton/sort d'une part lez le perron...") and describes how hunters scoop water from it and wet a stone in order to summon rain; he also mentions rumors of fairies and magic. Wace travelled to Brittany in search of these wonders, but found nothing notable and left disappointed: "I saw the forest and the land and looked for marvels, but found none. I came back as a fool and went as a fool. I went as a fool and came back as a fool. I sought foolishness and considered myself a fool."

Brocéliande is briefly mentioned in one historical text in Bertran de Born's 1183 poem dedicated to Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany – the duke to whom Brocéliande belonged. Its unusual weather alone is noted in a handful of texts: Giraldus Cambrensis's c. 1185 expeditionary account, Topographia Hibernica, Alexandre Neckham's c. 1195 work on nautical science, De naturis rerum, and William the Breton's c. 1215 poem, Philippide.

Arthurian legend

In the 1170s, Chrétien de Troyes mentions the forest of Brocéliande in his Arthurian romance, Le Chevalier au lion. While in Brocéliande, Yvain pours water from a spring into a stone, causing a violent storm to erupt. This in turn summons the knight Esclados le Ros who defends the forest.

In the late 12th or early 13th century, Robert de Boron first associates the figure of Merlin with Brocéliande in his poem Merlin. It is also featured in several episodes of the prose adaptations and continuations of the poem, the Vulgate Cycle (Lancelot-Grail), notably in the stories of Merlin and Viviane. Later, Morgan le Fay traps many unfaithful knights in her Vale of No Return within Brocéliande until they are freed by Lancelot.

In Jaufré, the Arthurian romance of unknown authorship composed in Catalonia, the forest of Brocéliande is near King Arthur's palace and the site of a mill where Arthur battles a strange bull-like animal, really a shapeshifting mage knight. The dating of Jaufré is debated and may have been written as early as 1183 or as late as 1225–1228. Later, Brocéliande also appears in context of Arthurian knights in Huon de Méry's allegorical poem Tournoiement Antecrist as well as in other texts such as Claris et Laris, where it is the site of Morgan's fairy castle, and Brun de la Montagne.

Localisations

Early source works provide unclear or conflicting information on the exact location of Brocéliande; different hypotheses exist to place Brocéliande on the map. According to Wace, Brocéliande is in Brittany. Since the 15th century (Jean Cabaret d'Orville), Brocéliande has been linked by some to the forest of Lorge near Quintin in Brittany. Since around 1400 (Ponthus et Sidoine, where the forest is named Berthelien) and commonly in modern times, Brocéliande is considered to be Paimpont forest in Brittany.

Some scholars think that Brocéliande is a mythological place and has never existed. Jean Markale notes that while the forest itself is legendary, it is part of the "remainder of the immense forest that covered the entire center of Brittany until the High Middle Ages." He goes on to point out that the notion of a magical forest in France has its roots in the writings of Lucan who describes a numinous, magical forest full of ominous happenings in Gaul.

William A. Young argues that Chrétien de Troyes' Le Chevalier au lion is derived from earlier tales which have their origins in the post-Roman Brythonic kingdoms beyond Hadrian's Wall in Britain, and suggests that there is a strong case for equating Broceliande with the forest of Celython, also known as the Great Wood of Caledon.

Arthurian
Brocéliande has continued to appear throughout the modern Arthuriana, in works such as the 19th-century poem Idylls of the King by Alfred, Lord Tennyson, and in later works such as Edwin Arlington Robinson's 1917 poem Merlin and Alan Seeger's 1916 poem Brocéliande.

 * Jean Lorrain wrote the play Brocéliande (1898), about Myrddhin (Merlin) and Viviane (Nimue/Elaine); as in many of the earlier Arthurian works, Brocéliande is the location where Viviane entraps Merlin inside an oak tree.
 * In Bernard Cornwell's Arthurian trilogy The Warlord Chronicles, Broceliande is one of two British (Celtic) kingdoms that form modern-day Brittany, the other being Armorica.
 * Brocéliande serves as the location of Robert Holdstock's fantasy novel Merlin's Wood.
 * The television series Once Upon a Time features Brocéliande in the season 5 episode "Siege Perilous" as the location of a magical toadstool needed for a potion to free the sorcerer Merlin from his imprisonment in a tree.
 * The poetry of Charles Williams, and its interpretation by C. S. Lewis in "Taliessin Through Logres, The Region of the Summer Stars, Arthurian Torso" (1974) is steeped in the imagery of Broceliande, "the sea-rooted western wood."

Other

 * Brocéliande is mentioned repeatedly in Andre Norton's Here Abide Monsters using the formula 'Avalon, Tara, Brocéliande, Carnac'.
 * The name was an inspiration for J.R.R. Tolkien's fictional realm of Beleriand in Middle-earth. The name Broseliand was used in the early sketches of The Silmarillion (1926 to 1930). It is also the setting of Tolkien's poem The Lay of Aotrou and Itroun.
 * Several short stories in Sylvia Townsend Warner's collection Kingdoms of Elfin (many of which appeared in The New Yorker in the 1970s) are set in Brocéliande or mention it, among several other enchanted forests where Townsend's Elfin folk live.
 * It appears in the 2010 film Robin Hood as the place where Robert Loxley is ambushed by the French.
 * In Michael Swanwick's The Dragons of Babel, Broceliande is a train station where a bomb was dropped in a war between two kingdoms.
 * Vanni Santoni's novel Terra Ignota - il Risveglio features a magic forest named Brocéliande.
 * Sarah Singleton's book The Poison Garden features a magic garden called Broceliande.
 * Cassandra Clare's series The Mortal Instruments features a forest named Brocelind in the fictional Shadowhunter nation of Idris.
 * Broceliande is the name of a forest in Joan Aiken's young adult novel The Stolen Lake, which, despite taking place in a fictionalized version of South America, has a strong Arthurian theme.
 * The Witcher novel series by Andrzej Sapkowski features an ancient forest inhabited by magical beings known as Brokilon to humans and Brokiloén in the Elven language.
 * It is also referenced in Destiny 2's DLC Black Armory. Niobe's Torment puzzle defeated the entire community of Destiny gamers for nearly 24 hours using this word.
 * A forest called the Brecilian Forest is inhabited by elves and filled with magical ruins in the video game Dragon Age: Origins.
 * In C. S. Lewis's That Hideous Strength, the tomb of Merlin is located in the fictitious Bragdon Forest.
 * The forest is tied to the elves in Judith Tarr's historical fantasy The Hound and the Falcon and Alamut series.
 * Brocéliande is invoked in the short story "Main Street: 1953" in Joanna Russ' The Hidden Side of the Moon.
 * The name was an inspiration for the fictional city of Brecilien in the MMORPG Albion Online, a magical city located in the Mists.

title: Brocéliande


text:
User talk:Lily Firered

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! D. J. Bracey (talk) 19:15, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
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 * Thanks for responding. I am not an admin. and would never wish to be one, though. V.  Molotov [[Image:Flag of California.png|25px]] 19:08, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

Barbara Schwarz
I reverted your edit because it was a) redundant, and b) unencyclopædic. For 'a', Ms Schwarz's still being a Scientologist is covered in the opening paragraph, so you don't need to create a new section just to say "she's a Scientologist". As for 'b', section headings like "What Scientology doesn't want you to know" are contrary to Neutral point of view and entirely the wrong tone to use for an encyclopædia.

Does that make sense? --fuddlemark (talk) 22:43, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

 * No, fuddlemark, not so much. Because you see, a) it is covered once in the opening paragraph that she considers herself being a scientologist. And then it is covered three times, that she is not a scientologist: "kicked out", "not a member", "no longer active" - three times it says the very same thing yet in contradiction to the before said fact, that she is a scientologist. b) That is a pity, that headings like "What Scientology does not want you to know" are the wrong tone for wikipedia. I wonder only because a content like that: "According to Schwarz, these events were the result of a conspiracy by a group called the 'Still Existing German Nazi Psychiatrists Mindcontroller Secret Service' (SEGNPMSS)." is the right tone. ??? Explain this to me, please. Lily Firered 14:23, 6 September 2005 (UTC)

 * The "kicked out" bit is referenced to a comment by Ms Schwarz herself. "Not a member" and "no longer active" mean that, although she may still be a Scientologist, she no longer participates in the Church of Scientology (because, as you yourself have said, the Church is "infiltrated").

I never said, that church is infiltrated! You insinuate something to an author, which this author never said. I never even thought about that. And it does not interest me. This might be something which scientologists are interested in, but for sure not me. You know, how what you try to do with me, is called in the world of science? Manipulation. Another word for lie.Lily Firered 08:36, 8 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Apologies. It was Ms Schwartz who said that the church was infiltrated, not you.  I shall be more careful checking "who said what" in future. --fuddlemark (talk) [[Image:Australian Federation Flag without Union Jack.svg|50px]] 23:47, 8 September 2005 (UTC)

 * As for tone, you may find What Wikipedia is not and Neutral point of view are useful in understanding what I mean. If not, you might like to try reading another encyclopaedia (e.g. Britannica, World Book, Encarta) for examples of the "encyclopaedic tone" we try to adopt here. --fuddlemark (talk) [[Image:Australian Federation Flag without Union Jack.svg|50px]] 18:14, 7 September 2005 (UTC)

In this case wikipedia has a need to educate their contributors in the foundations of scientific working. Lily Firered 08:36, 8 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure I understand you there? --fuddlemark (talk) [[Image:Australian Federation Flag without Union Jack.svg|50px]] 23:47, 8 September 2005 (UTC)

I reverted your edits. The scientology tactic of accusing "critics" to be scientologists does not work efectively on wikipedia. This is in part because wikipedia does not have a "limited staff," it has countless volunteers around the world who are willing to research and correct inacuracies. If you wish to post pro-scientology views, you are encouraged to do so, but please do so honestly, and source your material.

You have repeatedly vandalized scientology vs. internet article, including removing random letters from linking articles, which shows your bad intentions towards wikipedia. Please stop. :)

title: User talk:Lily Firered


text:
User talk:BCseawalker

Welcome!

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Notability
Is it possible to find some more sources of information on this topic FemINist INitiative of Canada? It is tagged with a notability tag, and there are currently 31 articles in the scope of wikiproject Canada which are tagged with notability concerns, so I am contacting all the article creation editors to see if the quantity of notable articles can be reduced, and quality increased. For more help see this note. SriMesh | talk  18:15, 24 March 2008 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of FemINist INitiative of Canada
A proposed deletion template has been added to the article FemINist INitiative of Canada, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process
 * No indication of meeting WP:ORG

All contributions are appreciated, but this article may not satisfy Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and the deletion notice should explain why (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised because, even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, the article may still be deleted if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria or it can be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. Jfire (talk) 01:34, 4 January 2009 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of FemINist INitiative of BC

The article FemINist INitiative of BC has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "No demonstrated notability. Short-lived political party that never fielded any candidates during its existence."

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. — Kawnhr (talk) 21:32, 14 January 2021 (UTC)

title: User talk:BCseawalker


text:
User talk:Bifyu

Welcome!

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title: User talk:Bifyu


text:
Boffzen

Boffzen is a municipality in Holzminden district, Lower Saxony, Germany.

Allocation of seats in the local council electoral period 2001-2006:

 * CDU: 4
 * SPD: 10
 * FDP: 1

Boffzen is also the seat of the Samtgemeinde ("collective municipality") Boffzen.

title: Boffzen


text:
Bertram T. Clayton

Bertram Tracy Clayton (October 19, 1862 – May 30, 1918) was an American soldier and politician who served as a U.S. Representative from New York from 1899 to 1901.

Biography
Born on the Clayton estate near Clayton, Alabama, he went on to attend the United States Military Academy, graduating in 1886 with John J. Pershing. He was then appointed a second lieutenant in the Eleventh Regiment, United States Infantry and served until April 30, 1888, when he resigned to go into business as a civil engineer. On May 20, 1898, he went on to serve with Troop C, New York Volunteer Cavalry (Brooklyn's Own) during the Spanish–American War in Puerto Rico, winning distinction.

Tenure in Congress
After the war, Clayton served in the House of Representatives from 1899 until 1901, representing New York's fourth district. After an unsuccessful reelection bid, he was appointed as a captain in the Regular Army.

World War I
He stayed on active duty and was promoted several times up to the rank of colonel, serving in the Quartermaster Corps until World War I.

While serving in France as quartermaster of the 1st Infantry Division, Clayton was killed during a German air raid on American trenches. He was the highest-ranking West Point graduate killed in action during the war. Clayton is buried at Arlington National Cemetery with his wife, Mary Elizabeth D'Aubert Clayton.

Family
His brother, Henry De Lamar Clayton, Jr., also served as a Member of Congress from their home state, Alabama. Their father, Henry DeLamar Clayton, Sr., was a prominent judge and major general in the Confederate army during the American Civil War and president of the University of Alabama.

title: Bertram T. Clayton


text: File:The hurting.jpg

title: File:The hurting.jpg


text:
User talk:CD Random

Welcome to C.D. Random's Talk Page! Feel free to add any comments you would like about my edits here. Unlike some, I can handle the truth, even if I have to dig it out from underneath a rant or two.

Please don't delete anything, though. I'll do the clearing up if I must.

Just to let you know, I'm one of those grammar/punctuation/spelling/obvious oversight nuts, so I probably won't be doing too much in the way of creating new articles. C.D. Random 19:46, August 30, 2005 (UTC)

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! D. J. Bracey (talk) 19:17, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
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NaturalNews
I undid your edit to NaturalNews because the website promotes as real the idea of chemtrails, which is a conspiracy theory. It does not promote the very real and uncontroversial concept of climate engineering. Best, Everymorning (talk) 23:58, 19 August 2017 (UTC)

Do you mind explaining then the difference? As I see it, climate engineering is the evidence that takes chemtrails from conspiracy theory to conspiracy fact, and as such is very much controversial. I have yet to see reports from scientists that are neutral or in opposition of climate engineering state their finding on the consequences of it being harmless or the benefit outweighing the risk to the environment. C.D. Random (talk) 18:19, 5 October 2017 (UTC)

title: User talk:CD Random


text:
User talk:Lyzzy

Welcome!

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Wikipedia Stories Project
My name is Victor Grigas and I'm a Storyteller at the Wikimedia Foundation. We're exploring new ways to explain why Wikipedia is so special and we’ve started a Wikipedia Stories Project, where we’re chronicling the inspiring stories of the Wikipedia community, especially editors and active contributors in the movement like you. I'll be traveling to Wikimania next month to collect stories for our 2011 Fundraiser. While there I'd love the chance to meet with you and hear your thoughts about Wikipedia. We’ll have a schedule of available times for you to sign up if you’re interested, but right now, we’d like to make the initial contact to gauge your interest. Please let me know by emailing me at vgrigas@wikimedia.org or responding on my talk page.

thank you,

Victor Grigas (talk) 22:12, 19 July 2011 (UTC)

Permission to use File:Kombu.jpg
Dear Lyzzy

I am Joue Huey, I would like to use your photo of File:Kombu.jpg in one of the science book I am doing. It is to show kelp have high content of iodine. Your reply is highly appreciate. Thank you.

Regards,

Joue Huey — Preceding unsigned comment added by Jouehuey (talk • contribs) 06:06, 15 May 2012 (UTC)

 * Hi Joue Huey, of course. I'm glad to see it reused. --Lyzzy (talk) 06:43, 15 May 2012 (UTC)

Talk:Angelique_Rockas
{{to Lyzzy and Schisteand Pundit and Doc James When the Wikipedia entry for Angelique Rockas with Authority Files GND: 1142392406 ISNI: 0000 0004 6354 3280 LCCN: nb2017020404 ICCU: IT\ICCU\SBNV\053152 ULAN: 500433790 VIAF: 15150939887526600854, and Archives on Wikipedia has claims by Wikipedia editors that there are connected editors, or autobiography there is something seriouly below par about this editing. When a theatre artist like Angelique Rockas granted Ulan membership on account of her contribution to theatre and activism and has these authority files based on indisputable data, all claims to connected contributors are illogical .As for autobiography claims is that refers to the impulses that were responsible for the creation of multi-racial theatre and for activism in the early life, these claims are nonsense. Can you please remove this nonsense.]] Signed DatIntl01

title: User talk:Lyzzy


text:
Pip and Jane Baker

Ernest Albert "Pip" Baker (3 January 1929 – 14 April 2020) and Iris E. E. "Jane" Baker (30 December 1924 – 29 August 2014), professionally known as Pip and Jane Baker, were an English husband-and-wife team of television writers known mainly for their contributions to the BBC science-fiction series Doctor Who.

The Bakers scripted or contributed to four serials for the programme in the 1980s: The Mark of the Rani (1985), The Trial of a Time Lord (1986), Parts 9–12 and 14 (also known as Terror of the Vervoids and The Ultimate Foe respectively); and Time and the Rani (1987). They have also written novelisations of these stories, as well as a Make Your Own Adventure With Doctor Who (Find Your Fate With Doctor Who in the United States) gamebook titled Race Against Time. Pip and Jane's audio story The Rani Reaps the Whirlwind featured the return of the Rani and was released in 2000.

Other work
Their play A Moment of Blindness was adapted into the film The Third Alibi (1961). They worked on several other films in the 1960s including Night of the Big Heat (1967) and Captain Nemo and the Underwater City (1969). They also wrote four episodes of the TV series The Pursuers starring Louis Hayward.

From the mid-1970s, they worked more in television, including the six-part children's thriller Circus. They scripted the episode "A Matter of Balance" (1976) for Gerry Anderson's TV series Space: 1999.

In the 1990s, they created and wrote the CBBC series Watt on Earth, the eponymous Watt being an alien who is trapped on Earth.

Deaths
Jane Baker died on 29 August 2014, at the age of 89. Pip Baker died on 14 April 2020, at the age of 91.

title: Pip and Jane Baker


text:
Synzyme

Synzymes are substances with catalytic capabilities. The name synzyme is derived from synthetic enzyme. Current synzymes consist mainly of organic molecules tailored in such a way that they catalyse certain kinds of reactions. Like enzymes, they bind a transition state of a substrate in an active site, and like enzymes they generally obey Michaelis-Menten kinetics.

Derivatised proteins: If [Ru(NH3)5]3+ is attached to certain histidine residues in a myoglobin protein, myoglobin is no longer a passive oxygen carrier, but gains enzymatic activity of an oxidase. Ascorbic acid is oxidised with molecular oxygen.

Antibodies can act as enzymes, then named abzymes, if they are selected against transition state analogues. Abzymes have a low KM, meaning that they readily bind a target molecule, but have low Vmax values, indicating a slow reaction rate.

Synzymes from organic molecules: Cyclodextrins are cap structures with a hydrophilic exterior but a hydrophobic interior. If pyridoxal is anchored in the interior the cyclodextran shows transaminase activity.

title: Synzyme


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/U.S. Supreme Court stubs

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Speedy deleted by User:TheCoffee on August 30, 2005. Tito xd 05:37, 5 September 2005 (UTC)

U.S. Supreme Court stubs
Look at it, and enough said. I mean, there is no article at all! D. J. Bracey (talk) 19:22, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Look at what, exactly? android  79  19:32, August 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * Ah, okay, thank you for linking that. Since there's no content but a stub notice, and there never has been more than that, this is speediable, and Thatdog already beat me to tagging it as such. android  79  19:52, August 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * I've tagged it for Speedy delete. Thatdog 19:50, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: User talk:24.43.219.58

title: User talk:24.43.219.58


text:
SLRC

SLRC may refer to:
 * San Luis Río Colorado, a city in Sonora, Mexico
 * Saint Lucia Red Cross, a Society founded in 1949 as part of the British Red Cross, and created as an independent agency in 1983
 * Sierra Leone Red Cross Society, a Sierra Leone society, based in Freetown
 * Southern Legal Resource Center, a nonprofit legal center in the US state of South Carolina
 * Sri Lanka Rifle Corps, a reserve regiment of the Sri Lanka Army
 * Sri Lanka Rupavahini Corporation, the national television system of Sri Lanka
 * Strategic Long Range Cannon, a U.S. Army project to develop a cannon with a range exceeding 1,100 miles

title: SLRC


text:
Pemberton Ridge, New Brunswick

Pemberton Ridge is a rural community in North Lake Parish, York County, New Brunswick, Canada.

It is situated 6 kilometres north of Forest City on a hill overlooking East Grand Lake and Spednic Lake. Today the community is home to a population of approximately 5 residents.

History
In the early 1860s it was called "Skedaddle Ridge" because of settlers from Maine who fled there to avoid draft into the American Civil War. Some of the settlers include the Leeman and MacKenney families, of which descendants are still living there. In its heyday, Pemberton Ridge probably had a population of 15–20 families comprising 75–100 residents.

The community had a post office from 1872 to 1877 and thereafter relied on services in Forest City, as well as rural delivery. The farming community did not have a church but did have a school house and occasionally church services were held in that building. While the larger centers of Canterbury, (34 kilometres) or Danforth (30 kilometres) provided access to the Canadian Pacific Railway, as well as other commodities such as farm supplies and consumer items, Forest City was the service centre for the community.

Church and Sunday school was usually held in the school house, although residents would occasionally attend a meeting at Green Mountain or Forest City. Predominantly Baptists by faith, meetings or services as they were sometimes called, contained an aura of quiet tranquility and not given to emotional renditions, testimonial or otherwise.

title: Pemberton Ridge, New Brunswick


text:
User talk:Ukdragon37

=Comments Welcomed!=

Comments most welcomed! Please also add "" between messages under the same heading. Note I usually respond on this page. -- Ukdragon37 14:53, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

=Viewing steganographic image in Photoshop= You said that the cat image can be revealed with the Apply Image option in Photoshop, but it doesn't seem to have an AND function. (I'm using Adobe Photoshop 7.0.) Could you tell me how you do this? Thanks. Jobarts-Talk 03:11, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

Oh dear! I confused Apply Image with Filtering! PhotoShop doesn't natively support logical operations. Anyways after hours of research here's how to do it: (Click to enlarge)  --Ukdragon37 18:14, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) Get a copy of Adobe's free Filter Factory plugin for PhotoShop. It can be found on all PhotoShop CDs above 3.0. However, if you don't have a CD, you can email me and request for the plugin (the email should preferrably be encrypted by my Public Key, as I'm a security freak ;) lol).
 * 2) Open the original image of the steganography.
 * 3) Go to Filters > Synthetic > Filter Factory....
 * 4) Set the Filter Factory as the image below then ok:
 * 5) The picture should now looks like it's all black.
 * 6) Then Auto-Contrast it in Image > Adjustments (I think). Voila!

Thanks! This is neat stuff (if not a bit scary). After following your instructions and doing a bit of experimenting, I was able to hide images, too. :^) I also found out that if you use "(x & 3) * 64" (replacing "x" with r, g, and b), then you can leave out the auto-contrast step.

To hide messages, apply the filter "x & 252" to the cover image, and apply "x / 64" to the image to be hidden. Then use Apply Image (or Calculations) to combine them. Jobarts-Talk 04:42, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

Gmail Drive
You're more than welcome to remove an NPOV sentence yourself, you know. That was really the only change needed from that standpoint (though I threw in some edits elsewhere for style purposes). — Lomn | Talk / RfC 21:25, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

babel style language boxes
I like the babel style programming language boxes. I'm going to put some on my user page [and my levels are close to yours] --tonsofpcs (Talk) 03:04, 8 January 2006 (UTC)

Images on your signature
Hi Ukdragon37, would you possibly mind removing the two logo images on your signature? Just really becuase it slows the servers. Thanks!  K ilo-Lima|(talk) 19:32, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Please please please, remove the 2 images, and all the excessive html code from your signature. Your signature takes up almost SEVEN LINES! This makes it very hard to scan through wiki-code looking for talk threads.
 * Also, the color can make some people less respectful of your written opinion (such bold colours carry connotations of rebellious-individualism, or overall youthfulness, or of garnering attention), and so hampers your best intentions. Please and thank you :) -Quiddity 19:13, 8 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Also, the color can make some people less respectful of your written opinion (such bold colours carry connotations of rebellious-individualism, or overall youthfulness, or of garnering attention), and so hampers your best intentions. Please and thank you :) -Quiddity 19:13, 8 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Ok I have now recitified this. However, I have now added my name in chinese on each side of the signature. According to the Guidlines I am allowed to do this if I also include Latin script, which I have. -- 龙★Ukdragon37★翔talk 19:42, 28 June 2006 (UTC)

Proposal on Notability
Because you're a member of the Association of Inclusionist Wikipedians, I'm notifying you that the inclusionist proposa Non-notabilityl is in progress to define the role of notability in articles. Please help us make this successful! Also note the proposal Importance is a deletionist proposla that seeks to officially introduce notabiltiy for the first time. --Ephilei 04:45, 4 July 2006 (UTC)

Vandals
You might like Template:TestTemplates when dealing with vandals. I would have recommended spam2 for User:203.157.14.245. Iola k ana • T 18:55, 3 October 2006 (UTC)

Image:Aom.jpg
Hello, Ukdragon37. An automated process has found and removed an image or media file tagged as nonfree media, and thus is being used under fair use that was in your userspace. The image (Image:Aom.jpg) was found at the following location: User:Ukdragon37/Contributions. This image or media was attempted to be removed per criterion number 9 of our non-free content policy. The image or media was replaced with Image:NonFreeImageRemoved.svg, so your formatting of your userpage should be fine. Please find a free image or    media to replace it with, and or remove the image from your userspace. User:Gnome (Bot)-talk 04:02, 15 May 2007 (UTC)

Image:Uk permanent residence.jpg
Hi, you requested deletion of Image:Uk permanent residence.jpg on Commons. This is currently being used, is there a specific reason you want it deleted? Rocket000 (talk) 19:41, 13 December 2007 (UTC)
 * Understandable. It has been deleted. Rocket000 (talk) 18:20, 15 December 2007 (UTC)

Disputed fair use rationale for Image:Aom.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Aom.jpg. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read the instructions at Non-free content carefully, then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies for fair use. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot (talk) 06:50, 1 January 2008 (UTC)

Hip-Hop artist
He released a single with Snoop Dogg earlier in the year so why, Ukdragon37, did you report abuse and get me banned from editing Wikipedia after I noted that he was a hip-hop artist. Or is this article so precious to you that only you may edit it? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.43.101.86 (talk) 20:57, 15 August 2009 (UTC)

Replaceable fair use File:Junk fax.gif
Thanks for uploading File:Junk fax.gif. I noticed the description page specifies that the media is being used under a claim of fair use, but its use in Wikipedia articles fails our first non-free content criterion in that it illustrates a subject for which a freely licensed media could reasonably be found or created that provides substantially the same information or which could be adequately covered with text alone. If you believe this media is not replaceable, please:

 * 1) Go to the media description page and edit it to add, without deleting the original replaceable fair use template.
 * 2) On the image discussion page, write the reason why this image is not replaceable at all.

Alternatively, you can also choose to replace this non-free media by finding freely licensed media of the same subject, requesting that the copyright holder release this (or similar) media under a free license, or by taking a picture of it yourself.

If you have uploaded other non-free media, consider checking that you have specified how these images fully satisfy our non-free content criteria. You can find a list of description pages you have edited by clicking on [ this link]. Note that even if you follow steps 1 and 2 above, non-free media which could be replaced by freely licensed alternatives will be deleted 2 days after this notification (7 days if uploaded before 13 July 2006), per our non-free content policy. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. —Bkell (talk) 22:29, 4 June 2010 (UTC)

Notification of automated file description generation
Your upload of File:Anti communist.png or contribution to its description is noted, and thanks (even if belatedly) for your contribution. In order to help make better use of the media, an attempt has been made by an automated process to identify and add certain information to the media's description page.

This notification is placed on your talk page because a bot has identified you either as the uploader of the file, or as a contributor to its metadata. It would be appreciated if you could carefully review the information the bot added. To opt out of these notifications, please follow the instructions here. Thanks! Message delivered by Theo's Little Bot (opt-out) 12:04, 28 December 2013 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ukdragon37


text:
Haukilahti

Haukilahti (Gäddvik) is a neighbourhood in Espoo, Finland. It is located on the seashore of the Gulf of Finland in the southern part of the city.

Haukilahti is quiet and has many forested areas and parks. Right across the road from the main residential area is the Toppelund forest, beyond which lies the seashore.

The Finnish name "Haukilahti" and the Swedish name "Gäddvik" both translate to "bay of pikes", referring to the narrow bay at the mouth of the Gräsaån stream.

The modern history of Haukilahti starts from the 16th century, but most of the development to its current state happened in the decades after World War II, when many new detached houses and apartment buildings were built in the area. After the war, Haukilahti grew from a small vacation spot for Helsinkians into a suburb of six thousand inhabitants, which also caused its main income to change from agriculture to services and trade.

Geography
The area of Haukilahti is about 3.2 square kilometres. Haukilahti is located between the districts of Westend in the east, Matinkylä in the west and Niittykumpu in the north. To the south of Haukilahti is Miessaarenselkä, part of the Gulf of Finland, which got its name from Miessaari island. The stream Gräsanoja (Gräsaån in Swedish) forms the border between Haukilahti and Matinkylä, and it opens into the Haukilahti harbour.

Haukilahti is surrounded by a line of cliffs 20 to 30 metres high (Hauenkallio, Telamäki, Rajakallio, Pitkänkallio). There are lower areas between these cliffs (5 to 15 metres above sea level). The lowest parts of Haukilahti are located at Telaniitty and Pattistenpuisto, which is a former part of the Haukilahti bay later reclaimed by land. The terrain of the Haukilahti area is nowadays dominated by clay in the lower areas and cliffs in the higher areas, with a thin layer of plant litter covering some of them.

Buildings in Haukilahti are a mixture of apartment blocks and lower houses: detached and row houses. The apartment blocks are by roads Mellstenin rantatie and Haukilahdenkatu, on hills Pitkänkallionmäki and Hauenkallionmäki and near border to Westend. In 2012, there were 2854 homes in Haukilahti, 54 of which were built before 1960, majority or 1386 during 1960–1969, 673 in 1970-1979 and roughly 680 after 1979.

The apartment buildings in Haukilahti are located west of the boat harbour on Mellstenin rantatie, on the highest spots of Pitkänkallionmäki and Hauenkallionmäki, and along Haukilahdenkatu and the border to Westend. There are terraced houses on the northern part of the former Toppelund manor area, on the Telamäki and Pattistenpuisto areas and around Pitkänkallionmäki. The business buildings in the area are along Haukilahdenkatu.

First inhabitants
The first signs of human habitation in Haukilahti are the Bronze Age graves on the Hauenkallio cliff near the Haukilahti water tower. At the time Haukilahti was an island with cliffs and swamps. The village of Gäddvik was first mentioned in a geography book from 1544, where it was marked as belonging to the medieval socken of Espoo, Finnoviken. Gäddvik is missing from the books from 1560 to 1756, when Estonian peasants moved into the area. A 1774 map representing the lands of the Gräsa manor shows six croft houses in the Haukilahti area.

From Russian rule to before World War II
Wealthy Helsinkians started to found villas in Haukilahti in the late 19th century. 29 lots were separated from the lands of the Gräsa manor by 1917. This lot plan, completed in 1924, is still visible in the local zoning plan.

The military outpost XXXIV (34) of Krepost Sveaborg built by Imperial Russia is also located in Toppelundinpuisto in Haukilahti. Fortifying the outpost started during World War I in spring 1916. The outpost was never used in battle, and the fortifications remain partly incomplete as the Russians withdrew from Finland after Finnish independence in spring 1918.

Development of Haukilahti stayed slower than that of the rest of Espoo for a long time, as there were no fast connections to there from Helsinki or from elsewhere in Espoo. Up to the 1930s Haukilahti could only be accessed by ship, but the situation changed when the Finnish state decided to build the Jorvaksentie highway (now known as Länsiväylä) in 1932 to combat unemployment in areas west of Helsinki. The new highway made the trip to Helsinki significantly shorter and hastened the development of the area.

World War II
During the Winter War, a lighting battery division of the Helsinki anti-aircraft troops was based in Haukilahti, with the intention to light up Soviet bombers invading Helsinki during the dark. The division started operations on 13 October 1939 when it had received its equipment. The Lotta canteen of the division was discontinued after the Moscow Peace Treaty in late March 1940 and the troops were sent home on 5 April. The lighting battery resumed operations at the start of the Continuation War on 12 July 1941 after general mobilisation. The Pitkänkallionmäki battery participated in combating the bombing of Helsinki. Female Lottas were responsible for the battery from late July 1944 until 15 October 1944 when the battery was finally discontinued.

After the war
Haukilahti got many more detached houses after World War II as evacuees from the Karelian Republic were settled in Finland. Lots from the area now known as Salakkatie were separated for the use of veterans.

Many new buildings were built in Haukilahti by the 1950s as connections to the area improved. The 1957 zoning map shows new detached house areas in northern Haukilahti. The roads in the area were still pretty basic, there were few buildings in southern Haukilahti and use of land was pretty inefficient. There were no apartment or terraced houses. The beaches of Haukilahti were mainly populated with villas. The Uusimaa provincial government decided on a ban on buildings in Haukilahti on 4 May 1950 to be able to create a new zoning plan. Some buildings were still being built with exception permits.

In the 1960s population increased along Jorvaksentie. Still in the early 1960s there was a farm, a fishing installation and villas near the beach, and Jorvaksentie was the only connection from Haukilahti to Westend. Construction of the area happened in the 1960s at the pace of one terraced house per year. Construction in the area increased when Espoo became a market town in 1963. The municipal zoning monopoly was born in Espoo in 1966 when zoning rights were transferred from the provincial government to the municipality. Because of this, all areas in Espoo got a functional zoning plan and a sketch for the plan in Haukilahti was made in January 1964. Construction during the zoning plan continued with exception permits. Many of the roads had already been marked at their present locations in the sketch.

Construction was at its fastest from 1963 to 1967. Buildings in the area increased 30-fold during the 1960s and Haukilahti got 1300 new apartments. Many of the new buildings were apartment buildings and terraced houses. The Haukilahti water tower, now a landmark of the area, was taken into use in September 1968. Architects designing buildings in Haukilahti included Matti Aaltonen, Jaakko Laapotti and Toivo Korhonen.

From the 1970s to today
The central areas in Haukilahti had already been built by the 1970s. The first zoning plan of the area came into force on 6 May 1974 when the Ministry of the Interior approved it. The plan mostly enforced the situation of the construction that had already been completed. The same 1974 zoning plan was mostly still in force in the 2000s in the Haukilahti area; changes have been mostly so-called "postage stamp zoning plans" consisting of one or two lots. Construction slowed down, and there were only 674 new apartments in the 1970s and 411 in the 1980s. The Toppelund school, the Simpukka all-activity centre, the Haukilahti library and kindergarten were built on the northern end of the former Toppelund lot.

The depression during the early 1990s and lack of planned construction ground depleted building new apartments, and there were only half as many apartments built in the 1990s than in the 1980s. The shopping centre Länsiviitta and the Toppelund kindergarten near the sea shore were built in the 1990s. There were less than 100 new buildings in the 2000s, which was mostly due to depletion of planned ground.

There was no significant increase in constructing new buildings in Haukilahti in the 2010s, as the intention was to build only 32 new residential buildings in the area during the next decade. The city of Espoo made a new zoning plan in May 2016 for a new residential area on the Mellstenintie side edge of the Toppelundinpuisto park. The plan was materialised smaller than planned, with the area within construction rights being about half of what was planned.

Education, youth and senior services
Haukilahti has two Finnish-language kindergartens run by the city of Espoo (Haukilahti and Toppelund kindergartens) as well as a private Swedish-language kindergarten founded in 1990, with a service contract with the city of Espoo. The original building of the Haukilahti kindergarten was dismantled in autumn 2017 because of mildew problems, and a new two-story kindergarten was built in its place. The new premises increased the number of places for children to 147. A French-language kindergarten was founded in Haukilahti in 1995, but it later moved to Kruununhaka in the neighbouring city of Helsinki.

There have been two primary schools in Haukilahti, the Toppelund School founded in 1985 and the Haukilahti School. The Haukilahti gymnasium used to be in the same premises as the Haukilahti school, but it moved to the Aalto University campus in Otaniemi in autumn 2016, keeping its original name.

The Haukitalo building, maintained by the city of Espoo, is located in the centre of Haukilahti near the Länsiviitta shopping centre. The building serves as a meeting place for senior citizens in the area. Activities organised for senior citizens in Haukitalo include various exercise and wellness activities. Haukitalo also has a municipal dentistry clinic, and the building has been used for public education in Espoo. The building also hosts a lunch restaurant.

Between the primary school and the kindergarten is a red-brick building whose spiralling shape resembles a mollusc. The building, popularly called "Simpukka" (Finnish for "clam") mostly serves as an all-activity centre for the youth. Haukilahti also has a library, whose continuation has been up to debate between the library staff and the city of Espoo. The library had been in the same premises as the Toppelund school, but later moved into the same premises as the new kindergarten during New Year between 2018 and 2019. Near Pitkänkallionmäki is a private senior citizens' home Opri and Oleksi maintained by Esperi Care, with 16 inhabitant places.

Outdoor exercise
The city of Espoo maintains a public hiking trail called Rantaraitti which goes through the Haukilahti coast as well as a running track of 800 metres on Hauenkallio built in the early 1980s.

There are two public beaches in Haukilahti. The eastern beach, in the Toppelund area, is smaller and quieter, and usually only visited by Haukilahtians. The western beach, in the Mellsten area, is larger and more popular. In 2015, readers of local newspaper voted it was the best beach in Espoo. It has been named by students from the Helsinki University of Technology as the best beach for windsurfing in the entire capital area, and has a direct connection to the Mellsten harbour, which is home to 637 boats and four yacht clubs, and includes two seaside cafés. Dogs are allowed to swim in a section of the beach.

There are several different sports fields in Haukilahti. General sports fields include the fields of Pattistenpuisto, the Toppelund school and the Haukilahti school, as well as the Haukilahti field "Sandika" located on an old ground excavation site. These vary in surface materials: Pattistenpuisto has sand and grass fields, whereas the Haukilahti school field and Sandika are sand only. The Toppelund field has an artificial turf surface, which the football club HooGee installed with sponsorship funding in summer 2018. There are basketball fields on the western end of the Toppelund school field, in Pattistenpuisto and on the northern end of Sandika. There is also a sand-surfaced volleyball field in Pattistenpuisto, a beach volleyball field on the Mellsten beach and a petanque field in Lahnapuisto. In winter, the fields of the Toppelund and Haukilahti schools, as well as Sandika, are frozen into skating rinks.

Commercial services
The shopping centre Länsiviitta was opened in Haukilahti in 1990. The shopping centre includes an S-market grocery store. To the north of the shopping centre is Haukilahti's old shopping centre, hosting a Kotipizza restaurant and restaurant Rioni serving Georgian cuisine.

The grocery store K-Market Sorsakivi was opened in Haukilahti in 1968. There is also a SOL laundry service on the same premises.

Haukilahti Society
The local association of Haukilahti, the Haukilahti Society (Finnish: Haukilahden Seura, Swedish: Gäddvikssällskapet) was founded between 1964 and 1965, when the district was changing from a small villa resort to a residential suburb. The society was active up to the 1970s but as key persons died activity waned for several years. Activity was resurrected by the early 1980s, and the society has organised various kinds of activity in the area, such as public events and inhabitant activity. It has also given scholarships to nearby schools, published the Haukilahden Viesti magazine and had an effect on the zoning and construction plans in the area. Nowadays the Haukilahti Society is part of the union of local associations in Espoo and of the Finnish home area union. Membership of the society has ranged from one hundred to two hundred.

Religious activity
Haukilahti belongs to the Diocese of Olari, which is part of the Union of Dioceses in Espoo. There were 4029 households belonging to the Diocese of Olari in the Haukilahti-Niittykumpu area, which comprised 27 percent of the member households of the diocese.

The Diocese of Olari maintained the Haukikappeli chapel near the Länsiviitta shopping centre, inaugurated on 15 September 1991, which provided events for baptism and marriage and to some extent also funerals. There were a hundred seating places in Haukikappeli. The Diocese of Olari sold the chapel and the last mass was held in the chapel in spring 2016. A new apartment building was built in the place of Haukikappeli.

Transport
Haukilahti is served by the following bus lines of the Helsinki Regional Transport Authority: "(M)" denotes a bus stop near a Helsinki Metro station.
 * 104: Lauttasaari (M) - Westend - Haukilahti
 * 111: Otaniemi - Tapiola (M) - Westend - Matinkylä (M) - Hyljelahti
 * 112: Tapiola (M) - Niittykumpu - Haukilahti - Matinkylä (M)
 * 112N: Kamppi - Lauttasaari (M) - Westend - Matinkylä (M) - Friisilä

Haukilahti does not have a metro station of its own, but it is located approximately halfway between the Tapiola and Niittykumpu metro stations, slightly to the south of the metro line.

The Länsiväylä highway allows good car and bus traffic connections from Haukilahti to Helsinki in the east and Kirkkonummi in the west. The street network in Haukilahti has not seen significant development since the 1964 zoning plan save for changes in street names. The main ways for traffic are still Haukilahdenkatu, Toppelundintie and Hauenkalliontie as specified in the zoning plan. The main entrance way to the area is Haukilahdenkatu, joining the Länsiväylä highway at Haukilahdensolmu.

There is a boat harbour in Haukilahti with 637 boat places (170 belonging to the city of Espoo) and 324 car places. There are four boat clubs operating at the harbour: Haukilahden venekerho, Espoon merenkävijät, Mellstenin venekerho and Matinkylän venekerho. From early June to early September the harbour has an archipelago ship traffic connection to the nearby outdoor island of Iso Vasikkasaari.

title: Haukilahti


text: User talk:207.188.79.177

title: User talk:207.188.79.177