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Chinatown, Boston

Chinatown, Boston (Cantonese: 唐人街; Jyutping: Tong4jan4gaai1) is a neighborhood located in downtown Boston, Massachusetts, United States. It is the only surviving historic ethnic Chinese enclave in New England since the demise of the Chinatowns in Providence, Rhode Island and Portland, Maine after the 1950s. Because of the high population of Asians and Asian Americans living in this area of Boston, there is an abundance of Chinese and Vietnamese restaurants located in Chinatown. It is one of the most densely populated residential areas in Boston and serves as the largest center of its East Asian and Southeast Asian cultural life.

Chinatown borders the Boston Common, Downtown Crossing, the Washington Street Theatre District, Bay Village, the South End, and the Southeast Expressway/Massachusetts Turnpike. Boston's Chinatown is one of the largest Chinatowns outside of New York City.

Demographics
Because it is a gathering place and home to many immigrants, Chinatown has a diverse culture and population. According to 2020 census data, the total population in Chinatown is 5,460. This is an almost 25% increase since 2000, when there were only 3,559 people. The white population rose 241.7% from 228 in 2000 to 779 in 2010. The Black and African American population rose from 82 in 2000 to 139 in 2010, showing an almost 70% increase. The American Indian population dropped 75% from 2000 to 2010, going from 8 to 2 residents. The Asian population grew about 7.5% from 3,190 in 2000 to 3,416 in 2010. People who identified as another race grew from 18 in 2000 to 30 in 2010, a 66.7% increase. Those who identified as more than one race grew from 32 in 2000 to 77 in 2010, as increase of 140.6%.

With more white residents moving into Chinatown, there is worry about gentrification. For instance, the Asian population dropped to 46% in 2010. Another major concern is that historic towns and places are becoming more touristy and less cultural. Among Boston, New York, and Philadelphia, Boston has shown the highest increase in non-Asian residents moving into non-family shared households, with a 450% increase from 1990 to 2000.

The total number of housing units in Chinatown has increased by 54% from 2000 to 2010. Chinatown went from 1,367 to 2,114 housing units. There has been an almost 50% increase in the occupied housing units in Chinatown from 2000 to 2010, going from 1,327 to 1,982. With the increase in occupied housing units, there has also been a 230% increase in vacant homes, going from 40 in 2000 to 132 in 2010.

Race and ancestry
According to the 2012-2016 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, the largest ancestry groups in ZIP Code 02111 are:

Early history
Part of the Chinatown neighborhood occupies a space that was reclaimed by filling in a tidal flat. The newly created area was first settled by Anglo-Bostonians. After residential properties in this area became less desirable due to railway developments, it was settled by a mixed succession of Irish, Jewish, Italian, Lebanese, and Chinese immigrants. Each group replaced the previous one to take advantage of low-cost housing and job opportunities in the area. During the late-nineteenth century, garment manufacturing plants also moved into Chinatown, creating Boston's historic garment district. This district was active until the 1990s.

In 1870, the first Chinese people were brought from San Francisco to break a strike at the Sampson Shoe Factory in North Adams, Massachusetts. The arrival of these Chinese workers were met with much hostility from members of the community. There was ill-intentioned words spread about them that were meant to create a bad image for the Chinese to the rest of the community in Boston. Prior to the immigration of Chinese workers from California in 1870, Boston's Chinese population consisted of tea merchants or servants.

In 1874, many of these immigrants moved to the Boston area. As history and tradition details, many Chinese immigrants settled in what is now known as Ping On Alley. The first laundries opened on what is now Harrison Ave in Chinatown. In 1875, as laundries were becoming more and more popular, the first restaurant, Hong Far Low, opened. In the 1800s and the 1900s, many Chinese immigrants came to Boston looking for work and for new opportunities. Due to the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, Chinese immigration was halted, and the population of Chinatown remained mostly male. There were many attempts to drive out the Chinese from Chinatown, including the widening of the main street (Harrison Avenue) which backfired and led to further development for the Chinese community. One example of the attempts to drive out the Chinese population was the murder of Wong Yak Chong in 1903 known as the Boston Chinatown immigration raid. The murder gave the police the opportunity to gather Chinese men and deport them. The police and immigration officials were able to arrest 234 people, and then eventually deport 45.

During the time of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 until the 1900s, the Chinese population in the United States almost halved, while the Chinese population in Massachusetts exponentially increased. In 1916 the Kwong Kow Chinese School was established to teach the community Chinese, specifically Taishanese. The population of Chinese in Boston were primarily from the Taishan, Guangdong where the dialect of Chinese is Taishanese. The school was heavily supported by the community, and by 1931 became a vital part of Chinatown.

World War II created a shift in the public opinion of Chinese immigrants with the Republic of China being in the Allied nations. A new wave of Chinese immigrants entered the United States mostly in Chinatown, Boston during this time, after the repeal of the Chinese Exclusion Act. Post-World War II came with an influx of Hong Kong immigrants, who introduced new garment laborers and a new dialect. The language at the Kwong Kow Language School switched from Taishanese to Cantonese with the growing Hong Kong immigrant population.

In the 1950s, Chinatown saw a major increase in population after the Exclusion Act was abolished in 1943. In 1956 there still remained negative attitudes towards Chinatown and attempts to break down the community. The Urban Renewal Division of the Housing Authority tried to demolish most of the South Cove district in favor of urban development. However, before the demolition could occur Mayor John Collins created the Boston Redevelopment Authority to combat the Urban Renewal Division of the Housing Authority's attempt to destroy the community. Construction in the late 1950s, in what is known as the "central artery", affected many homes and businesses in Chinatown. The Massachusetts Turnpike, constructed in the 1960s, took away much of the land from Chinatown that had been used for businesses. After construction was completed, many businesses and homes in Chinatown were affected. Despite this, the population there continued to grow by at least 25%. During the late 19th century, manufacturing plants began to emerge in Chinatown for the garment stores that were thriving there. This became known as the historic garment district in Boston. However, the garment district only lasted until the 1990s due to the rising cost of rent, property sales, and the removal of homeowners.

Negotiations resulted in the provision of funds for the construction of new community housing in Chinatown. During this period, city officials also designated an area adjacent to Chinatown as Boston's red light district, also known as the Combat Zone. This zone, while still in existence, had almost disappeared by the 1990s for many reasons. These causes included city pressure, the rise of marketing movies on VHS home video, and the move of night clubs to the suburbs, where they became more upscale. A general increase in property values, which encouraged building sales and the removal of former tenants, also contributed. In the 21st century, much of the former Combat Zone has evolved into the Washington Street Theatre District.

Culture in Early History
There was a need for a sense of community for the Chinese men who had no family with them in Boston and worked six out of seven days of the week. Various grocery stores and restaurants began catering towards the normalcy of Chinese cuisine and culture. The village associations were a place for the men to create a connections to their far away families because they could exchange letters to them and talk with the other men like them. The gambling rings and ‘opium dens’ were frequent places to go to for leisure. Other groups sought to help the Chinese immigrants with assimilating to the United States. English lessons and other efforts to convert the Chinese immigrants to Protestantism were provided by multiple Protestant churches in Boston, as well as establishing the Young Men's Christian Association.

Modern day
Chinatown remains a center of Asian American life in New England, hosting many Chinese and Vietnamese restaurants and markets. Chinatown is one of Boston's most densely populated residential districts, with over 28,000 people per square mile in the year 2000. Nearly 70% of Chinatown's population is Asian, compared with Boston's nine percent of Asian Americans overall. Chinatown has a median household income of $14,289.

The traditional Chinatown Gate (paifang) with a foo lion on each side is located at the intersection of Beach Street and Surface Road. This was once a run-down area, housing little more than a ventilation-fan building for the Central Artery Tunnel; however, a garden was constructed at this site as part of the Big Dig project. The Gate is visible from the South Station Bus Terminal, and is a popular tourist destination and photo opportunity. Offered by the Taiwanese government to the City in 1982, the gate is engraved with two writings in Chinese: Tian Xia Wei Gong, a saying attributed to Sun Yat-sen that translates as "everything under the sky is for the people", and Li Yi Lian Chi, the four societal bonds of propriety, justice, integrity, and honor.

, an area near Chinatown, located at the mouth of an expressway tunnel, was also a red light district. Starting in 2005, community-based civilian "Crime Watch" volunteers patrol the streets every day to discourage and report crime. Chinatown had issues with gang activity. In 1991, Ping On gang members killed five men and wounded a sixth man at a gambling den in the Boston Chinatown massacre. Two of the three gunmen were arrested in China in 1998, extradited to the United States in 2001, and were sentenced to life imprisonment in 2005. The area's crime rate has since declined dramatically.

There are three newspapers that are popular among the residents of Chinatown. One is the World Journal Newspaper, which is the largest, most influential Chinese daily newspaper in the United States. There is also the Sing Tao Daily Newspaper, which is published out of New York and the Boston branch has been in Chinatown for over 40 years. There is also the non-profit community newspaper, Sampan published twice a month which provides both English-language and Chinese-language news and information about Chinatown.

Cuisine
Chinese cuisine in Boston reflects a mélange of multiple influential factors. A large Fujianese immigrant population lives in Boston; therefore, Fuzhou cuisine is readily available in Boston. The Vietnamese population has also influenced the cuisine. Innovative dishes incorporating chow mein and chop suey as well as farm-to-table produce and regionally procured seafood ingredients are found in Chinese as well as non-Chinese food in and around Boston.

Transportation
The MBTA Orange Line stops at the Chinatown station and the Tufts Medical Center station, located within and at the southern edge of the district, respectively. Boylston station on the MBTA Green Line is located just beyond the northwest corner of Chinatown. Just east of Chinatown, South Station is served by the MBTA's Red Line, Silver Line, and Commuter Rail. South Station also accommodates Amtrak, the long-distance rail to New York City and other cities on the Northeast Corridor. Entrance and exit ramps serving Interstate 93 and the Massachusetts Turnpike are at the southern edge of Chinatown.

The South Station Bus Terminal handles regional buses to New England, New York City, Washington, D.C., Albany (New York), and other destinations. The New England destinations include Concord (New Hampshire) and Portland (Maine). The regional and national bus companies include Greyhound Lines, Peter Pan Bus Lines, and Megabus.

Health care
Tufts Medical Center occupies a large portion of the area, and includes a full service hospital and various health-related schools of Tufts University including Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, and Tufts University School of Dental Medicine.

In addition, South Cove Community Health Center operates the Chinatown Clinic at 885 Washington Avenue. Volunteers founded South Cove in 1972 to provide better health care for Asian Americans in the Chinatown area.

Boston Chinatown Neighborhood Center
The Chinatown Neighborhood Center (BCNC) is a community center that primarily serves the immigrant Chinese community of Chinatown. The BCNC's mission is to ensure that the children, youth, and families they serve have the resources and support to achieve greater economic success and social well-being, by providing child care, bilingual education, and youth recreation programs. BCNC strives to provide the support and resources needed for participants to integrate into American society, while preserving the community's rich culture. Most of those served are immigrant Chinese, with low family incomes and limited English ability. In 2014, The Boston Foundation donated nearly $500,000 to support many summer programs and activities in the greater Boston Area, including funding for the BCNC.

BCNC is located in the heart of Chinatown at 3 sites. The 885 Washington Street BCNC is part of the Josiah Quincy School building. In 2005, BCNC created a permanent home at 38 Ash Street, in a five-story community center, which was the first certified green building in Chinatown. The building meets the performance standards under the LEED Green Building Rating System. In 2017, the Pao Arts Center located at 99 Albany Street was opened in partnership with Bunker Hill Community College (BHCC), which also teaches a number of introductory courses there in subjects such as accounting, food service, business, writing, psychology, statistics, and acting. Located in the Charlestown neighborhood of Boston, BHCC is connected to Chinatown by the MBTA Orange Line, and serves a large number of students from Chinatown at its main campus.

The BCNC is also known for its annual Oak Street Fair, occurring every autumn to celebrate Chinese culture in Boston's Chinatown. The event is aimed at children and families, and includes a variety of activities.

Other organizations
The Chinatown Lantern Cultural and Educational Center was formed by the Chinatown Cultural Center Committee (CCCC) in order to address the longtime lack of a public library in the neighborhood (the Chinatown branch of the Boston Public Library was demolished in 1956 to make way for the Central Artery). The Reading Room opened in April 2012, and provided library services, educational workshops, and cultural events to the Chinatown community. The Reading Room had a rotating collection of approximately 8,000 books in both English and Chinese, and also ran a small art exhibit gallery. The Reading Room closed on Feb 25, 2013.

The Chinatown community and extended communities of Chinese around Greater Boston (including North Quincy and Wollaston in Quincy) are serviced by the Asian Community Development Corporation. The ACDC helps preserve Chinatown's culture, and foster youth and economic development. It was established in 1987 and since its inception has worked on addressing housing development concerns (such as the notable 2002 Big Dig construction) to gain back a piece of land lost due to urban renewal called the Parcel 24.

In 2006, Boston's Mayor Menino opened up land formerly owned by the BRA (Boston Redevelopment Authority). It became a new home to the nonprofit organization Asian American Civic Association (AACA) and the Kwong Kow Chinese School (KKCS). These two groups teamed up on this project to build an education center, which includes a day care center, a community room, classrooms, and office space.

There are many more organizations in the Chinatown area of Boston which provide community outreach and resources such as the Wang YMCA of Chinatown, the Chinese Progressive Association, and many grassroots organizations such as the Campaign to Protect Chinatown. There are over 75 organizations in Chinatown, and most are ethnically based. Chinatown has always focused on organizations for the youth such as the YMCA, Marching Band, and Boy Scouts. In the 1930s, there was even a major development for culture and support for women and Chinese American girls.

Urban policies
One of the major difficulties facing Boston's Chinatown is the issue of gentrification. Construction of new housing and the repair of existing housing may occur, but if rental and purchase prices increase, existing residents will be displaced. As property prices rising, the demographics of an area may change, and this partly explains why Chinatown is seeing more and more non-Asians and white residents.

Chinatown faces several major issues including: the upkeep of houses, keeping trash off the streets, and keeping the place up to date. With parts of Chinatown looking like they are falling apart, it almost implies a historical struggle for survival. According to Kairos Shen, a planner for the Boston Redevelopment Authority (BRA), "the fact that so many Asians — roughly 5,000 residents, according to US Census data, with the vast majority of them Chinese —– still call Chinatown home is no accident, resulting from a decades-long effort by the city to find a right balance between providing affordable housing and encouraging development projects aimed at revitalizing the neighborhood." The idea for Chinatown is to provide more affordable housing to make it seem less gentrified. There are already a number of projects that have been worked on and are still being built.

Long time residents fear that they may lose their homes due to construction. One of the main goals of urban policy is to create and sustain businesses in Chinatown so that residents have a place to work. In 2010, The Barr Foundation granted Sustainable Chinatown $100,000 for a community led effort to "green" local businesses, in partnership with the Boston Redevelopment Authority, the city, and the Asian American Civic Association (AACA). The effort was intended as a "project to help Chinatown businesses address the issues of rising energy, water, and solid waste management costs by providing practical and affordable solutions to help business owners save money and reduce environmental impacts, while building long term sustainable business expertise capacity in the community."

Community involvement and programs in Chinatown help jobs and community organizations. As of October 2014, many Boston residents, including Chinatown residents, received aid for jobs and support. As referenced by the BRA, "All told more than 200 Boston residents will receive job training under these grants." Many places and businesses in Chinatown received funding through this grant. The AACA received $50,000 and the Boston Chinatown Neighborhood Center (BCNC) received $50,000 as well. Additionally, the YMCA, which many Chinatown residents use, received $50,000. Many projects have been and are still in works in Chinatown, such as the 120 Kingston Street development (240 units), the Hong Kok House at 11-31 Essex Street (75 assisted living units), Kensington Place at 659-679 Washington Street (390 units and retail space), and Parcel 24 on Hudson Street (345 units), among others. However, not all of these units will be affordable for Asian Americans.

Buildings
, Chinatown is experiencing gentrification. Large, luxury residential towers are built in and surrounding an area that was predominantly small three-to-five story apartment buildings intermixed with retail and light-industrial spaces. A property developer has purchased the Dainty Dot Hosiery building, which is listed in the National Register of Historic Places, with plans to transform it into condominiums. Chinese community organizations, such as the Asian Community Development Corporation, are also building housing developments which offer mixed-and low-income housing.

The Hayden Building, located on 681-683 Washington Street, is a historic building designed by Henry Hobson Richardson. Originally constructed in 1875, the Hayden Building remains one of the last commercial stores for retail in Boston's Chinatown, and is the last remaining one built by Richardson. It was added to the National Historic Register in 1980.The building was purchased by Mayor Menino and the City of Boston in 1993, and has since been restored with the intent of marketing it to tenants. On March 1, 2013, Menino, along with Historic Boston Inc., teamed up to revitalize, refurbish and reopen this building with a contribution of $200,000, which is part of the Boston's and Chinatown's trilogy fund. The bottom floor of this building has been redone as a Liberty Bank. In the future, projects costing $5.6 million will be used to turn the upper levels of this building into apartments.

Businesses and shops
One of the major reasons tourists visit Chinatown is to see how immigrants live and work today. They can see how the job market has grown as immigrants made a life for themselves from the early markets to the laundries that opened when the settlers first arrived in Chinatown.

Many Boston residents visit restaurants for everyday and special events, occurring either in Chinatown, or in nearby areas such as the Boston Theater District, Financial District, Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy Greenway, Boston Public Gardens, or Boston Common. Food stores in Boston's Chinatown specialize in selling Chinese foods, spices, herbs, and Asian food products. Since 2000, the number of establishments selling specialty Chinese bakery products has increased, with Hong Kong, Taiwanese, and Japanese styles also available.

As one of the last remaining remnants of the area's Historic Garment District, the only textile store still found in Chinatown is Van's Fabric. Founded in the early 1980s, it is one of the community's oldest operating businesses and a pillar of old Chinatown before gentrification began in the area.

Community events and celebrations
A major part of the culture and history of Chinatown are the events celebrated by the people who live here. There are many community programs and events held in Chinatown annually, but the most noted are the New Years celebration, the Lion Dance Festival, and the August Moon Festival.

One of the biggest festivals of the year celebrated in Chinatown, is the August Moon Festival. This festival is often held in the middle of August and usually lasts for the entire day. During this Festival, there are vendor booths for handmade and traditional Chinese items and plenty of traditional food for sale. Chinese dough art is taught for those interested in learning the art. Additionally the Chinese Opera performs during this time. There is also children's Chinese folk dancing, martial arts performances, and lion dancers from around Chinatown and throughout the world, many who come just for the festival.

Another notable celebration that happens every year in Chinatown is the New Years Parade, also known as the Lion Dance Festival. The Chinese New Year Parade marks the biggest annual celebration in Boston's Chinatown and each year a new animal of the Chinese zodiac is celebrated. The name Lion Dance comes from the costumes worn by those in the parade who often wear lions or dragon costumes. The dance is part of the parade each year. In China, this celebration begins on the first day of the first month in the lunar calendar traditionally used in much of Asia. It is sometimes called the Lunar New Year, but it is different in Boston's Chinatown based on when spring begins.

Another popular event is Fall Cleaning Day, which brings the community together to help clean up trash and litter. It is seen almost as an Earth Day for Chinatown.

Additionally, there is the annual Lantern Festival which is one of the largest tourist attractions and includes Lion Dances, Asian folk dances, martial arts performances, and traditional Chinese singing.

Satellite Chinatowns
A new satellite Chinatown has emerged on Hancock Street in the neighboring city of Quincy, about 10 mi to the south of the original Chinatown. This is due to a rapid influx of Hokkien-speaking Mainland Chinese immigrants from the province of Fujian, as well as a large and growing ethnic Vietnamese population. There are already several large Asian supermarkets such as the Kam Man Foods and Super 88 supermarket chains, and other businesses that are competing with Boston's Chinatown. Several businesses operating in Chinatown now have branches in Quincy. The MBTA Red Line connects via either South Station or Downtown Crossing near Boston's Chinatown, to three rapid transit stations in Quincy, including Quincy Center station.

A similar, but much smaller, enclave has developed in Malden to the north of Boston. Malden Center station is directly connected via the MBTA Orange Line to Chinatown station, in the original Chinatown.

title: Chinatown, Boston


text:
Talk:Volksverhetzung

History
I think this section should be deleted. I could not find the word Volksverhetzung in any of the Karlsbader Beschlüsse. Also, the Prussian Strafgesetzbuch from 1851 (http://koeblergerhard.de/Fontes/StrafgesetzbuchPreussen1851.pdf) does not use the term (it has 87:Öffentliche Aufforderung zu gesetzlichem Ungehorsam and 93:Störung der öffentlichen Ordnung). The Reichsstrafgesetzbuch of 1871 does have §130, but does not give it a title (http://lexetius.com/StGB/130,11).--Loewis (talk) 20:29, 23 August 2015 (UTC)

Translation
Of the full paragraph is missing - shall it be added. --105.12.4.96 (talk) 15:05, 16 August 2018 (UTC)

privileging non-Germans
An action against non-Germans would be punishable under this paragraph, while, if the same action would be directed against Germans, it won't be punishable by a Court. --197.169.237.245 (talk) 09:51, 15 December 2018 (UTC)

 * No. --Yhdwww (talk) 12:52, 7 December 2020 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Volksverhetzung


text:
Talk:Drowning Pool

Holidays?
"sometime shortly after the holidays"

What holidays? It's not clear. Liquinn (talk) 15:12, 13 December 2008 (UTC)

McCombs's debut
Cut from the SOiL article:

 * On August 25, at the Ozzfest show in Dallas, Texas, McCombs is scheduled to make his debut with Drowning Pool.

Can someone confirm he did appear and add to article. Djbrianuk 21:08, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

Debut album
Can someone confirm that Drowning Pool's debut album was not Sinner but a Self-Titled album in 1999?

Genre
No way not Nu-metal the are way more alternative metal, groove metal, hardrock and mabye even post-grunge —Preceding unsigned comment added by Karl47 (talk • contribs) 21:53, 27 April 2008 (UTC) Drowning Pool isn'r really a Nu Metal band they are more of an Alternative Metal band, I am editing this 70.151.196.4 17:38, 11 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Drowning pool is DEFINITELY a Nu Metal band. don't even try. 66.32.123.64 19:56, 9 March 2006

 * They're alternative/hard rock, and maybe post-grunge. Their songs have guitar solos and no hip-hop/rapcore influences. Some of their early songs sound vaguely like nu metal but that isn't the case now. --Benjamin Sheffield 22:00, 9 November 2007 (UTC)

There are 0 hip-hop influences on Drowning Pool. I'm changing the genre to groove metal. Marnues 09:41, 10 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Not all nu metal bands have a hip hop influence (Taproot, Flaw, downthesun, Unloco etc...). Drowning Pool is 100% nu metal, and the genre should at least be included in this article. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Dmiles21 (talk • contribs) 23:42, 23 May 2006

Drowning Pools music hasn't ever seen nu metal and apparently you havent heard it either. This is pure groove metal. Listen the solos etc. and riffs and you hear that they are not nu metal. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 85.157.10.232 (talk • contribs) 13:28, 13 December 2006

Have you guys never heard Alice in Chains? Or Godsmack? They are definitely grunge or alt. metal. I wouldn't call them nu-metal, as they don't use rapping and I can't find many hip-hop influences at all. And they're not groove metal either - no solos, drumming style and tempos don;t fit. Listen to Pantera or Machine Head and you'll see what I mean. Arkyopterix 01:13, 13 July 2007 (UTC)

they're nu-metal for sure. the repetitive song structure found in sinner links to nu-metal, especially songs like "bodies". —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.182.87.230 (talk • contribs)

You do realize that saying that they're alt metal is the same as nu metal, right? -- Shatterzer0 03:59, 18 August 2007 (UTC)

Bring the source from MTV rather than private person opinions.

will sputnik do? they're classified as nu-metal there.Itachi1452 16:19, 23 August 2007 (UTC)

besides, they're no way groove metal. do you guys even know what groove metal is? the drumming is nowhere like groove metal, it's nowhere fast or intense enough. Itachi1452 (talk) 03:29, 27 November 2007 (UTC) i'm adding nu metal — Preceding unsigned comment added by I call the big one bitey (talk • contribs) 18:25, 2 August 2012 (UTC)

Chris Daughtry Look-Alike
One of the Guys in Drowning Pool looks like Chris Daughtry. Is it him? No it ain't! But he still looks like Chris.--#1 ED FAN!!!!!!!! 19:56, 22 May 2006 (UTC)

Hmmm...
Are we sure Tear Away is gonna be on the Charlotte's Web soundtrack...? That doesn't seem to fit, and the movie's wiki says nothing about it —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 68.226.92.68 (talk) 12:55, 28 December 2006 (UTC).

SmackDown
I dispute the fact that Bodies was used as a SmackDown Theme in 2002. I remember it going from a WWE produced track to "The Beautiful People" by Marilyn Manson. But I'm not sure so I'm not going to change it. Crazycarolina 01:45, 16 April 2007 (UTC)

Drowning Pool (Demo?)
I've got a Drowning Pool album (called Drowning Pool) with 9 songs, including an old version of Sermon (later released on Sinner). Is it a Demo? Or an early EP? It's not noted in the article. Virus of Profanity 21:55, 14 November 2007 (UTC)

Song "Break You"
Listed as a DP song that appeared on the Scorpion King soundtracks. If you click the link it brings you to a different artist, indicating that either it isn't a DP song, or that there are two songs called "Break You" - either way, needs fixing by someone more talented than I.

76.192.128.249 (talk) 07:47, 25 December 2007 (UTC) N

Done. I was going to link it to the Scorpion King soundtrack, but the "Appearances" column already does such. PlaguedKiller (talk) 16:26, 4 January 2008 (UTC)

On the same section I added 'Step Up'. It was in the notes that it was included in The Punisher but it wasn't listed. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 88.105.87.160 (talk) 12:03, 11 April 2008 (UTC)

Motorhead reference
"Drowning Pool also recorded a version of Triple H's theme "The Game", before being covered by Motörhead.[17]"

Untrue. Motörhead's version was in use a full year before the release of Drowning Pool's version, which featured altered lyrics and a different song progression. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.99.66.22 (talk) 11:08, 24 May 2009 (UTC)

I agree with this and have amended this accordingly. Devil horns (talk) 15:38, 25 June 2009 (UTC)

Photos in Commons
I'm not exactly a big fan, but while looking for something else, I came across PD photos from their performance at Fort Wainwright, Alaska on November 6, 2010. Included are photos of the full band rather than just Ryan McCombs. They have been uploaded to Commons; you can find them here.RadioKAOS (talk) 09:00, 13 September 2011 (UTC)
 * I may have improperly or mistakenly given source information on one of the photos, so it was marked for deletion. In trying to clear that up, I see that other PD photos exist from a concert they gave at Joint Base Lewis-McChord in Washington state.  I did not upload any of those photos, however.RadioKAOS (talk) 13:19, 13 September 2011 (UTC)

Jasen Moreno permanent Drowning Pool vocals?
Hi guys, on Drowning Pool's official Facebook profile they made a comment on one of their photos saying that Jasen Moreno "will be the singer for every DP record from now on". This is a screencap of the actual comment. Is this source valid enough to include it in the wiki? Cybersteel8 (talk) 09:54, 24 April 2013 (UTC)

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External links modified
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External links modified
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Proposed merge with Sinema (DVD)
This DVD does not seem independently notable. Thsmi002 (talk) 03:45, 7 April 2019 (UTC)
 * I'm generally in support, but a better target for the merge would be Drowning Pool discography. Klbrain (talk) 17:34, 6 April 2020 (UTC)
 * ✅ Klbrain (talk) 20:13, 20 June 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Drowning Pool


text:
Park (Wolverhampton ward)

Park, or Park Ward, is a ward of Wolverhampton City Council, West Midlands. It is located to the west of the city centre, and covers parts of the suburbs Bradmore, Compton, Finchfield, Merridale, Newbridge and Whitmore Reans. It borders the St Peter's, Graiseley, Merry Hill, Tettenhall Wightwick and Tettenhall Regis wards. It forms part of the Wolverhampton South West constituency.

Geography
Its name comes from the fact that two of the city's main parks, West Park and Bantock Park, lie within its boundaries. Two of the city's main thoroughfares are contained largely within the ward, namely the A41 Tettenhall Road and the Compton Road (A454).

The Halfway House on Tettenhall Road was formerly a coaching house on the London to Holyhead route and as the name suggests, was the halfway point. It was a pub for many years but and closed (2009) to reopen as a pharmacy.

Main sights
Park contains the Chapel Ash conservation area and also the Parkdale conservation area. Some other interesting architecture can be seen within the ward, particularly on the Tettenhall Road, such as first Mayor of Wolverhampton, George Thorneycroft's House.

Economy
The ward contains the Marstons Park Brewery, one of the city's main employers. Other employers in the ward tend to be office or school based but there are also a number of well-known pubs and restaurants. The city's now closed Eye Infirmary was located at the top of Compton Road in Chapel Ash, the site is now awaiting redevelopment as is the nearby site of the old Quarterhouse pub, now demolished.

Education
Also inside Park ward are a number of schools, including Wolverhampton Grammar School, Wolverhampton Girls' High School, St Peter's Collegiate Academy and St Edmund's Catholic Academy, as well as numerous Primary schools. The Compton campus of the University of Wolverhampton is there, as is the Paget Road campus of the City of Wolverhampton College.

title: Park (Wolverhampton ward)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sharad sharma

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was SPEEDY DELETED byt JoJan. -Splash 22:19, 10 September 2005 (UTC)

Sharad sharma
No real artice, just someone ranting on how Bad he is. Also I checked Google, and got a political cartoonist from India, and a computing consultant for Novell. This particular article could be a hoax. — Kjammer ⌂  21:09, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as hoax/twaddle. Alf 21:47, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete Nonsense DV8 2XL 22:19, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * That would be Speedy delete under A6, except A6 says "short" articles. How short's "short"? Tonywalton [[Image:Pentacle_1.svg|15px]] | Talk 22:52, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Just call it an attack page, and we get to remove it as possibly libellous, not matter its length. -Splash 00:43, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Clear CSD A6— Encephalon |  ζ   10:24:32, 2005-09-02 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/September-2005


text:
Popo

Popo may refer to:

Entertainment

 * Popo (album), a 1951 jazz album by Shorty Rogers and Art Pepper
 * Mr. Popo, a character in the manga and anime series Dragon Ball
 * Popo, a character in the Japanese anime series Kaiba
 * Popo, a player-controlled character in the Nintendo video game Ice Climber

Given name or surname

 * Popo Aumavae (born 1999), American football player
 * Popo Molefe (born 1952), South African politician
 * Hira Te Popo (died 1889), New Zealand tribal leader
 * Sundar Popo (1943-2000), Trinidad and Tobago musician
 * Tosan Popo (born 1992), English footballer

Nickname

 * Popó (footballer, born 1978), Brazilian footballer
 * Popo (footballer, born 1988), Spanish footballer
 * Popó (footballer, born 1998), Angolan footballer
 * Paul Chiang, or Po-po Chiang, Taiwanese conductor, producer and chamber musician
 * Acelino Freitas, or Popó (born 1975), Brazilian boxer
 * Mario Alberto Peña (1980–2013, American drug lord
 * Pauline Phillips (1918–2013), American advice columnist and radio show host
 * Vinícius Popó (born 2001), Brazilian footballer

Other uses

 * Popo FC, a football club in Pakistan
 * Popocatépetl, an active volcano in Mexico, also called El Popo
 * Gen language, spoken in Togo
 * Phla language, spoken in Benin and Togo
 * Po-po or popo, slang for a police officer
 * Popo (Mexican beverage), an indigenous Mexican beverage, made with cocoa

title: Popo


text:
Swansea RFC

Swansea Rugby Football Club is a Welsh rugby union team which plays in the Welsh Premiership. The club play at St Helen's Rugby and Cricket Ground in Swansea and are also known as The Whites, in reference to their home kit colours.

History
The club was founded in 1872 as an association football team, switching to the rugby code in 1874, and in 1881 it became one of the eleven founder clubs of the Welsh Rugby Union.

In the early twentieth century Swansea RFC was an extremely successful club. For four consecutive seasons Swansea were the unofficial Welsh champions from the 1898–99 season through to 1901/02, coinciding with the heyday of Swansea's first star player Billy Bancroft. Under the captaincy of Frank Gordon the team would later go on a 22-month unbeaten run, from December 1903 through to October 1905. During this period Swansea appeared to be under-represented at international level. Gordon himself went uncapped throughout his entire career, and apart from Billy Trew, Dick Jones and Dicky Owen, the only other internationals in the senior team were forward Sid Bevan (1 cap), wing Jowett (1 cap) and outside-half Phil Hopkins (4 caps). Trew (29 caps) was an outstanding centre who was accepted as one of the most important players in the evolution of Welsh rugby, while Dicky Owen (35 caps), although only 5-foot 4 inches tall, was an incredible tactician.

The immediate post war years brought only limited success, although a notable 6–6 draw was achieved against New Zealand in 1953 followed by a 9–8 victory against Australia in 1966. It was not until the club's centenary season in 1973/74, however, that the club became Merit Table Champions. Swansea achieved further success as club champions in 1979/80, 1980/81, 1982/83 as well as Welsh cup winners in 1978.

Players during this period included Clem Thomas, Billy Williams, Dewi Bebb, Mervyn Davies, Geoff Wheel, David Richards and Mark Wyatt, the club's record points scorer with 2,740 points scored between 1976/77 and 1991/92.

The 1990s saw success for the club, including being league champions on 4 occasions (1991/92, 1993/94, 1997/98 and 2000/01) and Welsh cup winners in 1995 and 1999. A memorable 21–6 victory was recorded over then World champions Australia at St Helens on 4 November 1992. In season 1995/96 Swansea reached the semi-final stage of the European Cup. This period also included disputes with the Welsh Rugby Union over the way the league structure was being run in Wales following rugby union's move to being a professional game, which culminated in the club's boycott of the 1998/99 league season, in what was referred to as the rebel season.

The 2003/04 season has seen a significant change with the introduction of regional rugby in Wales. Swansea Rugby Football Club Ltd, alongside Neath RFC are co-owners of the Ospreys. As a result, Swansea RFC returned to being an amateur team. Since the change to regional rugby Several players have played for Swansea RFC, as well Ospreys and Wales including Alun Wyn Jones, Ryan Jones, Scott Baldwin, Nicky Smith, Matthew Morgan, Eli Walker, Gavin Henson and Dan Biggar.

In 2014 the All Whites were relegated from the Welsh Premier league on the final day of the season when despite beating Neath at St Helens, a bonus point for Aberavon sent Swansea into the SWALEC Championship. This provoked a complete revamp of the club with Stephen Hughes taking the position of Chairman, Keith Colclough as Managing Director and Richard Lancaster leading a coaching team of former players including Rhodri Jones, Chris Loader and Ben Lewis. In their first season Swansea missed out on promotion back to the Premiership, finishing in second place overall, but were consequently promoted in the 15/16 season along with Merthyr, RGC 1404 and Bargoed.

Swansea struggled to adapt to the Premiership in their first two seasons back at the top flight although despite a crippling injury list, the 17/18 season showed much promise with the side recording five wins, a draw and 10 losing bonus points for losing the game within 7 points.

The 2018/19 season is a hugely important season for the club with potentially five clubs being relegated from the Welsh Premiership in order for the league to contain 12 teams in the 19/20 season. The coaching team of Richard Lancaster, Hugh Gustafson, Ben Lewis, Nick Roberts and Liam Carpener-Jones are currently preparing a squad consisting of many of the 17/18 squad along with new additions which are being announced on the club website regularly.

Achievements
Swansea RFC defeated New Zealand 11–3 on Saturday 28 September 1935, becoming the first ever club side to beat the All Blacks. The victory also made them the first club team to beat all three of the major touring teams to Britain; they had previously beaten Australia in 1908 and South Africa in 1912.

In November 1992, Swansea RFC defeated world champions Australia 21–6, when Australia played their first match of their Welsh Tour.

Welsh Premier Division champions in:
 * 1991/1992
 * 1993/1994
 * 1997/1998
 * 2000/2001

Welsh Cup champions in:
 * 1977/1978
 * 1994/1995
 * 1998/1999

Whitbread Merit Table champions in:
 * 1980/1981

Snelling Sevens champions in:
 * 1982
 * 1989
 * 1991
 * 1995

Club officials

 * Honorary president: Stan Addicott
 * Chairmen: Stephen Hughes
 * Managing Director: Keith Colclough
 * Honorary Secretary: Alun Donovan
 * Board Members: David Blyth, Paul Whapham, Siwan Lillicrap
 * Former Players Association Chair: Huw Rees

Current Team Management

 * Director of Rugby: Richard Lancaster
 * Team Manager: Chris James
 * Assistant coach: Hugh Gustafson
 * Assistant coach: Ben Lewis
 * Assistant coach: Nick Roberts
 * Assistant coach: J Rhys Williams
 * Assistant coach: Liam Carperner-Jones
 * Team Physios: Nikki Donovan, Jessica Hegarty
 * Team Doctors: Dr Katy Guy, Dr Daniel Eckford, Dr Craig Dyson
 * Equipment Managers: Ian Hopkins, John Mcknight

British and Irish Lions
The following former players were selected for the British and Irish Lions touring squads while playing for Swansea RFC.

Wales International Captains
The following former players captained the Wales national rugby union team while playing for Swansea RFC.

See also Wales rugby union captains

Other notable former players
The players listed below have played for Swansea and have also played international rugby.

title: Swansea RFC


text:
Under Illefarn

Under Illefarn is a Dungeons & Dragons module. It was the first module designed for use with the Forgotten Realms campaign setting and officially labeled as such.

Plot summary
Under Illefarn is a Forgotten Realms adventure scenario designed for beginning players in which the player characters are residents of Daggerford, and as members of the town militia and required to deal with lizardmen marauders, saving a kidnapped noblewoman, and protecting a caravan.

Publication history
N5 Under Illefarn was written by Steve Perrin, with a cover by Jeff Easley and interior illustrations by Luise Perenne, and was published by TSR in 1987 as a 48-page booklet with an outer folder.

title: Under Illefarn


text:
Wallace Spearmon

Wallace Spearmon Jr. (born December 24, 1984, in Chicago, Illinois, USA) is a retired American sprint athlete, who specializes in the 200 meters. He is a two-time NCAA outdoor champion in the 200 m and won the silver medal in the event at the 2005 World Championships in Athletics. He has a personal best of 19.65 seconds for the distance, making him the thirteenth fastest 200 meter runner of all time, and he formerly held the indoor American record.

He has won the bronze medal twice at the World Championships in Athletics in 2007 and 2009. He also finished third at the 2008 Summer Olympics, but was later disqualified for stepping out of his lane.

Career
Spearmon is a graduate of Fayetteville High School and attended the University of Arkansas, where he competed collegiately for two seasons before turning pro. While at Arkansas, he won the 200 meters NCAA Outdoor title in 2004 and 2005 as well as the NCAA Indoor 200 m title in 2005. In August 2005, he won the silver medal in the 200 m at the 2005 World Championships and in August 2007, he won the bronze medal at the 2007 World Championships. Spearmon won the 200 m at the USA outdoor athletics championships in 2006 and finished second in 2007. At the 2009 World Championships in Berlin he won another bronze. He ran a world best time of 31.88 for the 300 m indoors in February 2006.

His personal best in the 200 m is 19.65 seconds. This time (achieved in Daegu, Korea) made him the third fastest man over the distance at that point. He is currently ranked as the twelfth fastest 200-meter runner ever. Only world record holder Usain Bolt (19.19), Yohan Blake (19.26), Noah Lyles (19.31), Michael Johnson (19.32), Erriyon Knighton (19.49), Walter Dix (19.53), Justin Gatlin (19.57), his training partner Tyson Gay (19.58), Andre de Grasse (19.62), Xavier Carter (19.63), and Reynier Mena (19.63) have run faster. Despite the fact that he normally runs a "slower" first half of his 200 m races and goes on to pass people down the stretch, his 100 meters personal best is 9.96 s. He set that mark running in Shanghai on September 28, 2007, beating 100 m world champion Tyson Gay.

Spearmon initially finished in the bronze medal position in the 200 m in the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, but was disqualified for stepping out of his lane. The second-place finisher, Churandy Martina of the Netherlands Antilles, was also disqualified, giving Americans Shawn Crawford and Walter Dix the silver and bronze medals, respectively.

He posted a quick time of 19.98 seconds in the 200 m in Kingston, Jamaica in April 2010, finishing behind Usain Bolt. He reached the 2010 IAAF Diamond League 200 m final at the Weltklasse Zurich meeting, and (in the absence of points leader Walter Dix) he won the first Diamond Race Trophy with a meeting record of 19.79 seconds. Following the Diamond League win, he ran 19.85 seconds to win at the Rieti IAAF Grand Prix.

At the start of the 2012 season, he broke Michael Johnson's 200 m meet record at the Drake Relays with a run of 20.02 seconds. He finished fourth in the 200 metres final at the 2012 London Olympics. His time of 19.90 seconds was 6/100 of a second outside of a medal placing.

Spearmon finished 21st at the 2013 World Championships, running a time of 20.66 seconds in the semi-final.

At a meeting in Edmonton in July, 2014, Spearmon tested positive for methylprednisolone contained in a medicine he was taking without asking for an exemption. USADA accepted the excuse so it was treated as a minor violation. On September 19, 2014, it was announced he would receive a 3-month suspension, backdated to August 27.

Spearmon attended the 2015 World Championships, but did not start his heat.

Personal life
Spearmon's father, Wallace Spearmon Sr., was also a sprinter. He was the 1987 bronze medalist in the 200 meters at the Pan American Games.

He is good friends with fellow sprinter Usain Bolt; they are known for their jokes and good friendship.

On an April 2011 episode of MythBusters, he worked with Adam Savage and Jamie Hyneman to investigate the possibility of a human running on water. In May 2013 he returned to the show to race 30 ft against a race car.

Personal bests

 * All information taken from IAAF profile.

title: Wallace Spearmon


text:
Taurus Rising

Taurus Rising is an Australian soap opera produced by the Reg Grundy Organisation for the Nine Network in 1982. Originally intended by the network to be a replacement for The Sullivans, the series was one of a number of attempts to provide an Australian alternative to the glossy American supersoaps Dallas and Dynasty and featured two wealthy Sydney-based feuding families, the Brents and the Drysdales. To this end, it represented something of a stylistic departure for Grundy's. Unlike most other Australian soap operas which were recorded on videotape, Taurus Rising was shot entirely on film. Series began at 8.30pm time-slot in a 2 hr movie pilot and continued for a couple of weeks on Tuesday nights due to decline in ratings was delegated to Friday nights at 10pm by the time of the TV series finale during 1982. TV series was never screened on Nine network since the original screening.

It cost $2 million to make.

Taurus Rising proved to be an expensive failure after it failed to win an audience and was cancelled after 21 episodes. The series did later prove popular in international markets and was subsequently sold to American cable television, marketed as a 21-part "miniseries".

Background
The project originated in 1979 at Channel Nine by Michael Pate and Tony Morphett. It was originally envisioned as a short quality series about two rival family business dynasties. Morphett wrote the early drafts. Over 18 months of development the series evolved and was outsourced to Grundy Productions. Grundys made a pilot which was viewed by Channel 9 in January 1982.

title: Taurus Rising


text:
Skull fracture

A skull fracture is a break in one or more of the eight bones that form the cranial portion of the skull, usually occurring as a result of blunt force trauma. If the force of the impact is excessive, the bone may fracture at or near the site of the impact and cause damage to the underlying structures within the skull such as the membranes, blood vessels, and brain.

While an uncomplicated skull fracture can occur without associated physical or neurological damage and is in itself usually not clinically significant, a fracture in healthy bone indicates that a substantial amount of force has been applied and increases the possibility of associated injury. Any significant blow to the head results in a concussion, with or without loss of consciousness.

A fracture in conjunction with an overlying laceration that tears the epidermis and the meninges, or runs through the paranasal sinuses and the middle ear structures, bringing the outside environment into contact with the cranial cavity is called a compound fracture. Compound fractures can either be clean or contaminated.

There are four major types of skull fractures: linear, depressed, diastatic, and basilar. Linear fractures are the most common, and usually require no intervention for the fracture itself. Depressed fractures are usually comminuted, with broken portions of bone displaced inward—and may require surgical intervention to repair underlying tissue damage. Diastatic fractures widen the sutures of the skull and usually affect children under three. Basilar fractures are in the bones at the base of the skull.

Linear fracture
Linear skull fractures are breaks in the bone that transverse the full thickness of the skull from the outer to inner table. They are usually fairly straight with no bone displacement. The common cause of injury is blunt force trauma where the impact energy transferred over a wide area of the skull.

Linear skull fractures are usually of little clinical significance unless they parallel in close proximity or transverse a suture, or they involve a venous sinus groove or vascular channel. The resulting complications may include suture diastasis, venous sinus thrombosis, and epidural hematoma. In young children, although rare, the possibility exists of developing a growing skull fracture especially if the fracture occurs in the parietal bone.

Depressed fracture
A depressed skull fracture is a type of fracture usually resulting from blunt force trauma, such as getting struck with a hammer, rock or getting kicked in the head. These types of fractures—which occur in 11% of severe head injuries—are comminuted fractures in which broken bones displace inward. Depressed skull fractures present a high risk of increased pressure on the brain, or a hemorrhage to the brain that crushes the delicate tissue.

Compound depressed skull fractures occur when there is a laceration over the fracture, putting the internal cranial cavity in contact with the outside environment, increasing the risk of contamination and infection. In complex depressed fractures, the dura mater is torn. Depressed skull fractures may require surgery to lift the bones off the brain if they are pressing on it by making burr holes on the adjacent normal skull.

Diastatic fracture
Diastatic fractures occur when the fracture line transverses one or more sutures of the skull causing a widening of the suture. While this type of fracture is usually seen in infants and young children as the sutures are not yet fused it can also occur in adults. When a diastatic fracture occurs in adults it usually affects the lambdoidal suture as this suture does not fully fuse in adults until about the age of 60. Most adult diastatic fractures are caused by severe head injuries. Due to the trauma, diastatic fracture occurs with the collapse of the surrounding head bones. It crushes the delicate tissue, similarly to a depressed skull fracture.

Diastatic fractures can occur with different types of fractures and it is also possible for diastasis of the cranial sutures to occur without a concomitant fracture. Sutural diastasis may also occur in various congenital disorders such as cleidocranial dysplasia and osteogenesis imperfecta.

Basilar fracture
Basilar skull fractures are linear fractures that occur in the floor of the cranial vault (skull base), which require more force to cause than other areas of the neurocranium. Thus they are rare, occurring as the only fracture in only 4% of severe head injury patients.

Basilar fractures have characteristic signs: blood in the sinuses; cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea (CSF leaking from the nose) or from the ears (cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea); periorbital ecchymosis often called 'raccoon eyes' (bruising of the orbits of the eyes that result from blood collecting there as it leaks from the fracture site); and retroauricular ecchymosis known as "Battle's sign" (bruising over the mastoid process).

Growing fracture
A growing skull fracture (GSF) also known as a craniocerebral erosion or leptomeningeal cyst due to the usual development of a cystic mass filled with cerebrospinal fluid is a rare complication of head injury usually associated with linear skull fractures of the parietal bone in children under 3. It has been reported in older children in atypical regions of the skull such as the basioccipital and the base of the skull base and in association with other types of skull fractures. It is characterized by a diastatic enlargement of the fracture.

Various factors are associated with the development of a GSF. The primary causative factor is a tear in the dura mater. The skull fracture enlarges due, in part, to the rapid physiologic growth of the brain that occurs in young children, and brain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pulsations in the underlying leptomeningeal cystic mass.

Cranial burst fracture
A cranial burst skull fracture, usually occurring with severe injuries in infants less than 1 year of age, is a closed, diastatic skull fracture with cerebral extrusion beyond the outer table of the skull under the intact scalp.

Acute scalp swelling is associated with this type of fracture. In equivocal cases without immediate scalp swelling the diagnosis may be made via the use of magnetic resonance imaging thus insuring more prompt treatment and avoiding the development of a "growing skull fracture".

Compound fracture
A fracture in conjunction with an overlying laceration that tears the epidermis and the meninges—or runs through the paranasal sinuses and the middle ear structures, putting the outside environment in contact with the cranial cavity—is a compound fracture.

Compound fractures may either be clean or contaminated. Intracranial air (pneumocephalus) may occur in compound skull fractures.

The most serious complication of compound skull fractures is infection. Increased risk factors for infection include visible contamination, meningeal tear, loose bone fragments and presenting for treatment more than eight hours after initial injury.

Compound elevated fracture
A compound elevated skull fracture is a rare type of skull fracture where the fractured bone is elevated above the intact outer table of the skull. This type of skull fracture is always compound in nature. It can be caused during an assault with a weapon where the initial blow penetrates the skull and the underlying meninges and, on withdrawal, the weapon lifts the fractured portion of the skull outward. It can also be caused by the skull rotating while being struck in a case of blunt force trauma, the skull rotating while striking an object as in a fall, or it may occur during transfer of a patient after an initial compound head injury.

Anatomy
The human skull is anatomically divided into two parts: the neurocranium, formed by eight cranial bones that houses and protect the brain—and the facial skeleton (viscerocranium) composed of fourteen bones, not including the three ossicles of the inner ear. The term skull fracture typically means fractures to the neurocranium, while fractures of the facial portion of the skull are facial fractures, or if the jaw is fractured, a mandibular fracture.

The eight cranial bones are separated by sutures : one frontal bone, two parietal bones, two temporal bones, one occipital bone, one sphenoid bone, and one ethmoid bone.

The bones of the skull are in three layers: the hard compact layer of the external table (lamina externa), the diploë (a spongy layer of red bone marrow in the middle, and the compact layer of the inner table (Lamina interna).

Skull thickness is variable, depending on location. Thus the traumatic impact required to cause a fracture depends on the impact site. The skull is thick at the glabella, the external occipital protuberance, the mastoid processes, and the external angular process of the frontal bone. Areas of the skull that are covered with muscle have no underlying diploë formation between the internal and external lamina, which results in thin bone more susceptible to fractures.

Skull fractures occur more easily at the thin squamous temporal and parietal bones, the sphenoid sinus, the foramen magnum (the opening at the base of the skull that the spinal cord passes through), the petrous temporal ridge, and the inner portions of the sphenoid wings at the base of the skull. The middle cranial fossa, a depression at the base of the cranial cavity forms the thinnest part of the skull and is thus the weakest part. This area of the cranial floor is weakened further by the presence of multiple foramina; as a result this section is at higher risk for basilar skull fractures to occur. Other areas more susceptible to fractures are the cribriform plate, the roof of orbits in the anterior cranial fossa, and the areas between the mastoid and dural sinuses in the posterior cranial fossa.

Prognosis
Children with a simple skull fracture without other concerns are at low risk of a bad outcome and rarely require aggressive treatment.

The presence of a concussion or skull fracture in people after trauma without intracranial hemorrhage or focal neurologic deficits was indicated in long term cognitive impairments and emotional lability at nearly double the rate as those patients without either complication.

Those with a skull fracture were shown to have "neuropsychological dysfunction, even in the absence of intracranial pathology or more severe disturbance of consciousness on the GCS".

title: Skull fracture


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List of Edinburgh Comedy Award winners

The Edinburgh Comedy Awards, formerly known as the Perrier Comedy Awards, the if.comedy awards and briefly as the if.comeddies, are a group of prizes awarded annually since 1981 to comedy shows at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe.

Each award currently has a separate sponsor, being sponsored by Sky TV, DLT Entertainment and The Victoria Wood Foundation, respectively.

They have previously been sponsored by Perrier, lastminute.com, Dave, and Foster's Lager.

Currently three awards are given – Best Comedy Show, Best Newcomer and the Panel Prize.

5 nominations

 * Al Murray (won in 1999)
 * James Acaster (5 nominations in consecutive years)

4 nominations

 * Kieran Hodgson

3 nominations

 * Ahir Shah (won in 2023)
 * Russell Kane (won in 2010)
 * Josie Long
 * Adam Hills
 * Sam Simmons (won in 2015)

2 nominations

 * Andrew Maxwell
 * Larry Dean
 * Merry Mac Fun Show
 * Daniel Kitson (won in 2002)
 * David O'Doherty (won in 2008)
 * Garth Marenghi (won in 2001)
 * Jeremy Hardy (won in 1988)
 * Jordan Brookes (won in 2019)
 * Nick Helm
 * Nish Kumar
 * Pappy's
 * Phil Nichol (won in 2006)
 * Rich Hall (won in 2000)
 * Sarah Kendall (nominated in 2004 and 2015)
 * Seann Walsh
 * Simon Fanshawe (won in 1989)
 * Spencer Jones
 * The Bodgers
 * The Delightful Sausage

title: List of Edinburgh Comedy Award winners


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User talk:Webdude

Welcome
Hey there, . Welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you enjoy being a Wikipedian and decide to stay! Here are a few good links for newcomers (or "oldcomers" for reference):

By the way, you should sign and date your comments on talk and vote pages using four tildes, like this: ~~~~. Three tildes (~~~) produces just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome!

Great, just what we need around this place... more dudes. :) Cheers. --Lord Voldemort (Dark Mark) 21:12, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:F5logo.jpg
Thanks for uploading or contributing to Image:F5logo.jpg. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use. Suggestions on how to do so can be found here.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If you have uploaded other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on those pages too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free media lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Do you want to opt out of receiving this notice? Rockfang (talk) 16:50, 30 May 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Webdude


text: File:Seagull on sale pier.jpg

title: File:Seagull on sale pier.jpg


text:
Gaisi Takeuti

Gaisi Takeuti (竹内 外史) was a Japanese mathematician, known for his work in proof theory.

After graduating from Tokyo University, he went to Princeton to study under Kurt Gödel. He later became a professor at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign. Takeuti was president (2003–2009) of the Kurt Gödel Society, having worked on the book Memoirs of a Proof Theorist: Godel and Other Logicians. His goal was to prove the consistency of the real numbers. To this end, Takeuti's conjecture speculates that a sequent formalisation of second-order logic has cut-elimination. He is also known for his work on ordinal diagrams with Akiko Kino.

Publications

 * 2013 Dover reprint
 * 2013 Dover reprint
 * 2013 Dover reprint
 * 2013 Dover reprint

title: Gaisi Takeuti


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Template talk:Otheruses3

Interwiki
Please, add sl:Predloga:Drugipomeni3. Thanks. --Eleassar my talk 13:30, 22 March 2007 (UTC)
 * ✅ Done. – Luna Santin  (talk) 18:23, 22 March 2007 (UTC)

TfD notice
I've nominated the Otheruses templates for discussion on Templates for deletion. --JB Adder | Talk 14:02, 8 July 2007 (UTC)

Additional parameter request
I would like to be able to make the link, and the text of the link be different (for example if I link to a specific chapter, for example the link in: Head of Household).

So I would like a 3rd parameter in the template, which (if it exists) would be the text of the link. Thanks. Ariel. (talk) 18:48, 29 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Made a minor fix to the example mentioned, should look a touch cleaner, now. Since this is a disambig link, I think it's probably best if the text shown is the link itself in most (if not all) circumstances; my own feeling there isn't really changed by section links, but I'm open to other ideas. It's possible to work around this without changing the template, if there's some particular problem cases. – Luna Santin  (talk) 00:39, 30 April 2008 (UTC)
 * I also think that the full title of the target page should be shown, including section links if necessary. If a consensus is found to change the template, re-add the template and I or another admin will make the change. Happy‑melon 21:37, 30 April 2008 (UTC)

Redirect to Template:otheruses
This template is identical to otheruses except that the parameter is required, why not just redirect it to otheruses. There are so many otherusesN templates already. — sligocki (talk) 23:38, 21 September 2009 (UTC)
 * If you look at the code, you'll see that this template already uses about. I don't see an advantage in using otheruses instead. — Martin (MSGJ · talk) 10:15, 22 September 2009 (UTC)

Filing To Complete Protocol
Because this template is admin blocked, can you add at the top of the page?100110100 (talk) 10:35, 6 March 2010 (UTC)
 * ✅ — Martin (MSGJ · talk) 11:05, 6 March 2010 (UTC)

title: Template talk:Otheruses3