text:
Talk:Concurrency (computer science)

Safety and liveness
The words safety and liveness have an exact meaning in the context of concurrency. I cannot get at my source -- the handouts for a summerschool course taught by Robin Milner -- but it would be great if someone else familiar with this can provide more formal definitions. The following are informal definitions from what I recall, which I may eventually include in this article if no one objects:

Safety: The state of a concurrent system in which no constraints on any shared resource are being violated. An example of a violation may be a lack of effective exception handling in response a failed attempt to insert data into an already full queue. More simply the safety property can be stated as: "Something bad does never happen"

Liveness: The ability of a concurrent system to remain active, namely, to not halt. From the previous example, an unhandled exception would either hang the system, or terminate its execution althogether. Such a system would not have the liveness property. The word liveness corresponds to the original meaning in computer science of the word robust. Unfortunately, robust has been overhyped and conflated.

More simply the liveness property can be stated as : "Something good will eventually happen"

Vonkje 15:45, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

 * This discussion concerns the following text that had since been deleted:
 * Its base goals include safety and liveness which impact non-functional properties like reliability. Higher-level goals involve quality of service criteria that seek to optimize throughput and response time. Vonkje 16:39, 26 September 2005 (UTC)

 * By contrast, quality of service, throughput, etc. are primarirly engineering terms. We need to talk about both the theoretical underpinnings of concurrency and implementation issues. But mixing and matching terminology is not really a good idea. Greg Woodhouse 14:14, 28 March 2007 (UTC)

Safety and Liveness are important theoretical concepts that I think ought to be incorporated into the article, but their definitions are a bit subtle. for one approach, see Nancy A. Lynch, "Distributed Algorithms", pp. 218-220. Greg Woodhouse 14:08, 28 March 2007 (UTC)

Concurrency wikiproject
I have put up a proposal for a concurrency wikiproject at User:Allan McInnes/Concurrency project. Input from all interested parties (especially those who will actually contribute) is most welcome. --Allan McInnes 21:32, 20 January 2006 (UTC)
 * I was persuaded that we'd be better off coordinating through WikiProject Computer science. --Allan McInnes 01:15, 28 January 2006 (UTC)

Temporal logics
I'm unfamiliar with the tree logics mentioned here but I'm guessing that they are temporal logic with branching time. If that is so, shouldn't the text be modified so as to indicate that they are a type of temporal logic? Or, for that matter, maybe we should only mention that temporal logic may use either branching or non-branching time, and drop the specific references? Greg Woodhouse 05:24, 27 March 2007 (UTC)

 * I'm afraid that I don't understand. Doesn't the text already talk about the tree logics as being types of temporal logic? (And yes, they are branching-time logics) Apparently not in a clear enough fashion, I guess. Please feel free to rewrite to make this fact more clear. I'd rather include the specific references, since (a) LTL and CTL in particular are both important, especially for things like model-checking, and it's nice to give readers a direct reference to them, and (b) making specific references also makes it possible to highlight the difference between state-based and action-based logics. --Allan McInnes (talk) 06:41, 28 March 2007 (UTC)

Fair enough. As a non-specialist, I don't think I had ever seen the specific term tree logic before, but I suppose it's self-explanatory. I don't think there's any need to change anything. Greg Woodhouse 12:37, 28 March 2007 (UTC)

References and Further Reading
I added one more title to the Furter Reading section, namely Blackburn, et al. I don't think this needs to become a long list of links, but this seems to me to be an essential reference. By all means, use it as a reference in the body of the article if you feel it is appropriate. Greg Woodhouse 13:07, 28 March 2007 (UTC)

I also have a technical question: I note there are multiple references to the same work in the body of the article. In XML, if you assign an id attrribute, later refeences to the same object can use the ref attribute (ref=ID). Is the same syntax supported on the Wiki? The superscripts a b c in reference [1] look a bit odd to me. Being a newcomer to Wikis, I'm not sure if that's intended behavior, or a side-effect of reproducing the references in full. Greg Woodhouse 13:15, 28 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Oops. Yeah, I guess I did end up repeating myself a bit there. I'll clean that up now. But the multiple superscripts will still appear, even if I use names to refer to an already-defined full reference - that just seems to be the way the Wikipedia citation handler works. --Allan McInnes (talk) 01:56, 29 March 2007 (UTC)

Representation Theorem
Shouldn't there be some discussion of the Representation Theorem? It's one of the fundamental unifying principles of the different models?--24.23.212.54 04:19, 4 April 2007 (UTC)

 * I assume that you are referring to the Actor representation theorem (not the million and one other representation theorems out there). As far as I know, it is only applicable to the Actor model. While one might speculate that it is equally applicable to other models of concurrency, I am not aware of any published material which demonstrates that applicability. To claim that it's "one of the fundamental unifying principles of the different models" seems premature, since it hasn't actually been used to provide any kind of unification between the different existing models of concurrency.
 * If we were going to discuss unifying approaches to understanding different models of concurrency, I'd suggest that Lee and Sangiovanni-Vincentelli's Tagged Signal Model, or some of the work by Nielsen and Winskel on using category theory to relate different models of concurrency, would be a more appropriate choice, since the published literature on them actually does demonstrate some kind of unification of different models.
 * --Allan McInnes (talk) 06:50, 4 April 2007 (UTC)

Merge?
Does anyone who knows more about this article think it could be merged with Concurrent computing or does the interaction make a big difference?

Joe Llywelyn Griffith Blakesley talk contrib 14:14, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Concurrent computing largely deals with implementation issues. Thr study of concurrency includes theoretical aspects that don't enter into concurrent computing, and is also a broader topic (having recently been applied to areas as diverse as systems biology and business process modeling). I don't think that the articles should be merged. --Allan McInnes (talk) 02:44, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

Concurrency definition
"In computer science, concurrency is a property of systems in which several computational processes are executing at the same time, and potentially interacting with each other."

There's a difference between a concurrent execution machine and problem concurrency. With respect to problem concurrency, there should be no notion of "executing at the same time". This paragraph cites only a dubious online dictionary, especially since "concurrent" often means "at the same time" to a general audience, such as in prison time sentencing, and I think it confuses people with regards to parallelism that does indeed require "at the same time" capabilities.

General concurrency should refer to the property of problem logic or computational divisibility into order-independent units; the degree to which components of problem logic or computations are coupled is the degree to which a problem or computation is not concurrent.

Of course, this does not stop a person from misusing machine or language features for concurrency, as hardware and language designers don't have insight into the decomposability of a user's problem. Therefore, in terms of misusing features of a concurrent execution machine, then yes, concurrency features can lead to indeterminacy. But a properly decomposed concurrent problem should lead to the same result despite out-of-order, partially-ordered, or indeterminate execution.

I propose that this article should make a clear distinction between a machine concurrency, and the more abstract computer science concept of concurrency, and I think that most people discuss abstract concurrency, because details of the programming language and execution contexts are circumstantial. Therefore, it is this abstract or general concurrency which should receive more article attention. See "Time, Clocks, and the Ordering of Events in a Distributed System" (Lamport, 1978), where a definition of concurrency is defined in "The Partial Ordering" section. 2602:306:B826:6950:0:0:0:44 (talk) 12:35, 4 February 2016 (UTC) Sir Meow Meow

Does several computational processes include threads? If it does not I think a better suited word that includes threads should be used instead of processes. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 89.181.9.27 (talk) 19:04, 15 December 2008 (UTC)

 * You have a good point. The term "process" has a technical meaning in computer science.  I cleaned up the article a bit to clarify things.  However, the article still needs a lot of work.--67.170.201.132 (talk) 11:40, 22 January 2009 (UTC)

A typical example of the use of the word:"When building Python applications with any level of concurrency, it is often useful to know how many CPUs are available for instruction processing within the system" None of these definitions really tell me anything about how concurrency can have a "level" and how one would actually find and then relate it. Consider this definition for mass: "In physics, mass is a property of physical objects in which they interact via gravity."Wheresmytab (talk) 20:09, 14 April 2010 (UTC)

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"Concurrency is not Parallelism" WHY???
Who is this Rob Pike and why should his opinion be in this article? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Iyntx (talk • contribs) 08:56, 9 July 2021 (UTC)

 * Rob Pike is a tech celebrity who is an author of Go. He may not be a researcher who is dedicated to concurrency, but he is a mass communicator who has given talks on concurrency vs parallelism. That means many people who have some understanding of concurrency have Rob Pike to thank for it, even if we're just talking about a few short talks over YouTube. This does not mean I think Rob Pike should / shouldn't be on this page.

 * IMO this article needs to be refactored somehow, given that almost all most attention is now going to a hardware concurrency page while this one is languishing. I also think there's a serious lack of editorial coherency on this page, leading to confusing statements on concurrency vs. parallelism vs. the underlying hardware context. SirMeowMeow (talk) 15:29, 23 March 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Concurrency (computer science)


text: User talk:202.88.242.6

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:202.88.242.6


text:
Talk:Intercession of the Theotokos

Untitled
I suggest to rephrase this:

 * [...] one is the Cathedral of Pokrova na Rvu in Moscow (that means The Cathedral of Protection above a Ditch), which is known better as the Saint Basil's Cathedral. The second is the Church of Pokrova na Nerli (Church of the Protection at Nerl River) in Bogolyubovo near Vladimir.

to that:

 * [...] the Moscow Cathedral of Intercession upon a Moat (Pokrova na rvu), popularly known as the Saint Basil's Cathedral, and the Church of Intercession upon Nerl River (Pokrova na Nerli) in Bogolyubovo near Vladimir.

--Barbatus 15:46, August 31, 2005 (UTC)

 * Go ahead. --Ghirlandajo 17:54, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

What's outside Russia?
Does anybody know whether other churches except Russian celebrate this feast? What's about other Eastern Orthodoxes? Arseni 18:03, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I believe it is common in all Orthodox countries, although it hasn't attained national status. Its popularity in Russia may be explained by the fact that the Virgin has been considered a holy protectress of Russia since the time when Andrew the Pious brought the Theotokos of Vladimir to Bogolyubovo. --Ghirlandajo 19:00, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

Linking intercession and intercession of saints will be helpful as well. --Ghirlandajo 19:00, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

Title of this page
This page would be more properly called "Protection of the Theotokos" or "Feast of the Holy Skepi of the Theotokos", because those are actual names of the feast day, and describing it as "the Intercession" can easily confuse people about the concept of saintly intercession.

OCA.org It's listed on this website as "Protection"

Feast of the Holy Skepi of the Theotokos Here it's also called Protection, not "Intercession"

And here Orthodoxwiki October 1 it's listed as Protection, not "Intercession". --Matrona 12:32, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

NPOV
Come to think of it, this article is also very POV. It needs fixing. --Matrona 12:37, 18 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Indeed, it has heavy Catholic bias - provided that the article is about Eastern Orthodoxy. Classic Pokrov icon has nothing to do with 'Virgin of Mercy', at all!Elijah.B (talk) 22:07, 1 January 2015 (UTC)

Head plate?
Forgive me, but does anyone know what the relic is that's described in the article as the "head plate" of the Virgin Mary? MishaPan 16:05, 20 June 2007 (UTC)

The calendar date is wrong
I think this sentence is wrong (please correct me if not!): "It is held annually on October 1 in new calendar churches, or October 14 according to the Julian calendar."

To my best knowledge, it should be stated the other way around: "It is held annually on October 1 in old calendar churches, which corresponds to October 14 on the new (Revised Julian) calendar."

Or one could simply write: "It is held annually on October 1 (Old Style) / October 14 (New Style)."

If nobody objects, I’ll replace it according to the second idea. --Geke (talk) 08:33, 14 October 2017 (UTC)

 * With no objections having come in, I’ve just changed it – albeit slightly differently than I had suggested a year ago: 'It is held annually on October 14, which corresponds to October 1 on the "Old Style calendar" i.e. the Julian calendar used in most Eastern Orthodox Churches.' — Preceding unsigned comment added by Geke (talk • contribs) 14:48, 14 October 2018 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Intercession of the Theotokos


text:
File:Dutchess Community College (logo).jpg

Summary
DCC Logo

Fair use rationale in Dutchess Community College
It is contended that the use of this image qualifies as fair use when used in the article on Dutchess Community College for the following reasons.
 * 1) This image is copyrighted and there is no non-copyrighted version of this image available.
 * 2) This image is used for identification and or educational purposes only in the article on Dutchess Community College, and other articles if specific fair use rationale can be provided.
 * 3) This image enhances the article in which it's displayed, as it provides an immediate relevance to the reader more capably than the textual description alone.
 * 4) This image is of a reasonably low resolution.
 * 5) This image does not limit the copyright holder's ability to profit from the original source, nor will it dilute the importance or recognition of the logo in connection with its organization.
 * 6) This image is not replaceable; logos are always presumed non-free per WP:LOGO.


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Bismuthia

Bismuthia is a rare dermatological condition that results from the prolonged use of bismuth.

Much more rarely than with silver, bismuth may produce a generalized persistent skin discoloration resembling argyria. The conjunctivae and oral mucosa, as well as skin, are commonly afflicted by the condition. Pigment granules are evenly scattered through the dermis, producing a blue, or bluish gray skin color by the scattering phenomenon. It is extremely rare, and as a consequence is poorly understood by modern medicine. Special stains and spectroscopic methods must be utilized for identification of skin pigments affected by bismuth.

Usually, bismuth produces a black line, due to bismuth sulfide, along the gums, near the teeth, similar to the Burton's line which can be found in lead poisoning. This is not likely to occur if the gum is edentulous or the gum and the teeth normal. It is more common when gingivitis and carious teeth are present. Bismuth excess may cause stomatitis. On even rarer occasions, bismuth has been reported to cause pigmentation of the vagina and cervix.

title: Bismuthia


text:
Jock McHale

James Francis "Jock" McHale (12 December 1882 – 4 October 1953) was an Australian rules football player and coach for the Collingwood Football Club in the Victorian Football League in a marathon career that extended from 1903 to 1949. He is the most successful VFL/AFL coach of all time, having lead Collingwood to a record eight premierships.

Early life
The son of an Irish-born policeman, John Francis, and his wife Mary (Gibbons), James Francis McHale was born in Botany, New South Wales, but moved to Melbourne with his family at age 5. He attended St Brigid's primary school in North Fitzroy and St Paul's in Coburg, then moved on to Christian Brothers' College (Parade College) in East Melbourne and completed three years of secondary school. Having just turned 15, he left school to take a position with the McCracken Brewery.

Playing career
McHale joined Coburg, at the time a junior club, and came to prominence with his consistency, which led to an invitation to play at Collingwood. McHale made his league debut in 1903 for Collingwood, playing as a half-back before moving into the centre. Durability was the cornerstone of his reputation as a player—he set a VFL record by playing 191 games consecutively between 1906 and 1917. This record was not beaten in the VFL until 1943 by Richmond's Jack Titus, and was beaten at club level only in 2023, when Jack Crisp made his 192nd consecutive appearance.

McHale served as captain-coach from 1912–1913 and as a playing coach from 1914 up to the 1917 premiership, his second premiership after being part of the 1910 premiership side. McHale played a handful of matches in 1918 and 1920, but from 1918 to 1949 he made his name as the most successful coach in VFL/AFL history, deeds for which he is best remembered. As a player, McHale played 261 games and kicked 18 goals, including being the League's first player to hit the 250-game milestone, as well as representing Victoria.

Coaching career
In total, McHale coached 714 VFL games with 467 wins and 10 draws (a 66.1% winning rate). This included a record 59 finals matches and 16 grand finals for eight premierships. His tally of 714 games was the record for most VFL/AFL games coached until 2015, when it was passed by, , Collingwood and coach Mick Malthouse. Stylistically, McHale was regarded more for his analytics and ability to inspire, rather than as a teacher of skills. His football brain earned him the respect of his players and the football public. His stint as coach encompassed three enormously successful eras: 1917–1922 (five grand finals in six years for two flags), then 1925–1930 (six successive grand finals for four flags) and finally 1935–1939 (five successive grand finals for two flags).

The strength of Collingwood under McHale lay in its evenness and adherence to team discipline. McHale fashioned the team as a machine, with no part bigger than the whole – he and his players accepted the same amount of pay every week. He placed great store in his own ability to pick players' strengths and fitness levels and he would assess his players each week during a traditional Thursday night match-day type training. Although in the years before and after the war, Collingwood earned a reputation for failing in tough finals matches, McHale's reputation is assured for guiding the club in achieving football's greatest single feat: the unequalled record of four premierships in a row, set between 1927 and 1930.

During the war, Collingwood fell on its first barren period since the formation of the club in 1892. McHale rode out the privations of the period and the Magpies re-emerged as a contender in 1945. However, the club suffered a series of disappointing finals losses, and McHale conceded to age early in 1950 and retired. He stayed intimately involved with the club and helped plan the Magpies' successful campaign in the 1953 Grand Final. When Collingwood won the match to end a premiership drought of 17 years, McHale was overwhelmed with emotion. The next day he suffered a heart attack, and he died on 4 October at his home in Coburg. Noted Collingwood benefactor John Wren suffered a heart attack while watching the same grand final match, and he died on 26 October 1953.

Coaching statistics

! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal"|1912 ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal"|1913 ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal"|1914 ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal"|1915 ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal"|1916 ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal"|1917 ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal"|1918 ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal"|1919 ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal"|1920 ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal"|1921 ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal"|1922 ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal"|1923 ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal"|1924 ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal"|1925 ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal"|1926 ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal"|1927 ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal"|1928 ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal"|1929 ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal"|1930 ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal"|1931 ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal"|1932 ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal"|1933 ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal"|1934 ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal"|1935 ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal"|1936 ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal"|1937 ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal"|1938 ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal"|1939 ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal"|1940 ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal"|1941 ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal"|1942 ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal"|1943 ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal"|1944 ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal"|1945 ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal"|1946 ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal"|1947 ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal"|1948 ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal"|1949 ! colspan=2| Career totals ! 713 ! 466 ! 237 ! 10 ! 66.1% ! colspan=2|
 * - style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
 * 18 || 9 || 9 || 0 || 50.0% || 7 || 10
 * 18 || 9 || 9 || 0 || 50.0% || 7 || 10
 * 19 || 13 || 6 || 0 || 68.4% || 3 || 10
 * - style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
 * - style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
 * 18 || 10 || 7 || 1 || 58.3% || 5 || 10
 * 18 || 10 || 7 || 1 || 58.3% || 5 || 10
 * 18 || 14 || 4 || 0 || 77.8% || 1 || 9
 * - style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
 * - style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
 * 13 || 6 || 6 || 1 || 50.0% || 2 || 4
 * 13 || 6 || 6 || 1 || 50.0% || 2 || 4
 * 16 || 12 || 5 || 1 || 69.4% || 1 || 6
 * - style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
 * - style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
 * 16 || 11 || 5 || 0 || 68.8% || 2 || 8
 * 16 || 11 || 5 || 0 || 68.8% || 2 || 8
 * 19 || 15 || 4 || 0 || 80.0% || 1 || 9
 * - style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
 * - style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
 * 19 || 12 || 7 || 0 || 63.2% || 4 || 9
 * 19 || 12 || 7 || 0 || 63.2% || 4 || 9
 * 17 || 9 || 8 || 0 || 52.9% || 3 || 9
 * - style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
 * - style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
 * 18 || 12 || 6 || 0 || 66.7% || 1 || 9
 * 18 || 12 || 6 || 0 || 66.7% || 1 || 9
 * 16 || 8 || 7 || 1 || 53.1% || 5 || 9
 * - style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
 * - style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
 * 16 || 8 || 8 || 0 || 50.0% || 6 || 9
 * 16 || 8 || 8 || 0 || 50.0% || 6 || 9
 * 20 || 14 || 6 || 0 || 70.0% || 4 || 12
 * - style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
 * - style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
 * 20 || 15 || 5 || 0 || 75.0% || 1 || 12
 * 20 || 15 || 5 || 0 || 75.0% || 1 || 12
 * 20 || 17 || 3 || 0 || 85.0% || 1 || 12
 * - style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
 * - style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
 * 21 || 17 || 3 || 1 || 83.3% || 1 || 12
 * 21 || 17 || 3 || 1 || 83.3% || 1 || 12
 * 20 || 19 || 1 || 0 || 95.0% || 1 || 12
 * - style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
 * - style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
 * 20 || 16 || 4 || 0 || 80.0% || 1 || 12
 * 20 || 16 || 4 || 0 || 80.0% || 1 || 12
 * 19 || 12 || 7 || 0 || 63.2% || 4 || 12
 * - style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
 * - style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
 * 20 || 15 || 5 || 0 || 75.0% || 3 || 12
 * 20 || 15 || 5 || 0 || 75.0% || 3 || 12
 * 18 || 11 || 7 || 0 || 61.1% || 6 || 12
 * - style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
 * - style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
 * 19 || 13 || 5 || 1 || 71.1% || 4 || 12
 * 19 || 13 || 5 || 1 || 71.1% || 4 || 12
 * 21 || 16 || 3 || 2 || 81.0% || 2 || 12
 * - style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
 * - style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
 * 20 || 17 || 3 || 0 || 85.0% || 2 || 12
 * 20 || 17 || 3 || 0 || 85.0% || 2 || 12
 * 21 || 15 || 6 || 0 || 71.4% || 3 || 12
 * - style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
 * - style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
 * 21 || 14 || 7 || 0 || 66.7% || 4 || 12
 * 21 || 14 || 7 || 0 || 66.7% || 4 || 12
 * 21 || 16 || 5 || 0 || 76.2% || 2 || 12
 * - style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
 * - style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
 * 18 || 8 || 10 || 0 || 44.4% || 8 || 12
 * 18 || 8 || 10 || 0 || 44.4% || 8 || 12
 * 18 || 12 || 6 || 0 || 66.7% || 5 || 12
 * - style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
 * - style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
 * 14 || 2 || 12 || 0 || 14.3% || 10 || 11
 * 14 || 2 || 12 || 0 || 14.3% || 10 || 11
 * 15 || 5 || 10 || 0 || 33.3% || 10 || 11
 * - style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
 * - style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
 * 18 || 7 || 11 || 0 || 38.9% || 10 || 12
 * 18 || 7 || 11 || 0 || 38.9% || 10 || 12
 * 22 || 15 || 7 || 0 || 68.2% || 2 || 12
 * - style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
 * - style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
 * 22 || 13 || 8 || 1 || 61.4% || 2 || 12
 * 22 || 13 || 8 || 1 || 61.4% || 2 || 12
 * 19 || 11 || 7 || 1 || 60.5% || 5 || 12
 * - style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
 * - style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
 * 21 || 14 || 7 || 0 || 66.7% || 3 || 12
 * 21 || 14 || 7 || 0 || 66.7% || 3 || 12
 * 20 || 13 || 7 || 0 || 65.0% || 3 || 12
 * - class="sortbottom"
 * - class="sortbottom"
 * }

Recognition
In 1996, Jock McHale was inducted into the Australian Football Hall of Fame, and was elevated to Legend status in 2005.

Since 2001, the premiership coach is awarded the Jock McHale Medal, in honour of McHale's brilliant coaching record. The AFL has retrospectively made this award to each premiership coach since 1950, the year after McHale retired as a coach.

Crime novelist Kerry Greenwood wrote the 1991 short story The Vanishing of Jock McHale's Hat. It was adapted into a season 2 episode of Miss Fisher's Murder Mysteries, titled "Marked for Murder", which aired in 2013.

1930 grand final
The AFL officially recognises McHale as having coached 714 games and eight premierships, but it is a matter of some historical controversy that the 1930 VFL grand final and premiership are credited to McHale's statistics. McHale had coached the team throughout that year and into the week of the grand final, but he was absent on the day of the match, having fallen ill with influenza days before the game. Club treasurer Bob Rush performed the match-day coaching duties in his place. For many years, Rush was credited with having coached the game; but, after a decision in 2014 by the AFL's historians, McHale is now credited as Collingwood's sole coach in the game.

Death
McHale died of a heart attack on 4 October 1953, aged 70, at his home in Coburg, only a week after Collingwood had won its first premiership in seventeen years. He is buried with his wife Violet, son James, and daughter Mary at Coburg Cemetery in Preston, Victoria. His grave is included in a self-guided heritage walk at the cemetery, and information about his life is available on a sign posted at his graveside.

title: Jock McHale


text:
Rollerball pen

Roller ball pens or roll pens are pens which use ball point writing mechanisms with water-based liquid or gelled ink, as opposed to the oil-based viscous inks found in ballpoint pens. These less viscous inks, which tend to saturate more deeply and more widely into paper than other types of ink, give roller ball pens their distinctive writing qualities. The writing point is a tiny ball, usually 0.5 or 0.7 mm in diameter, that transfers the ink from the reservoir onto the paper as the pen moves.

Advantages

There are two main types of roller ball pens: liquid ink pens and gel ink pens. The 'liquid-ink' type uses an ink and ink supply system similar to a fountain pen, and they are designed to combine the convenience of a ballpoint pen with the smooth "wet ink" effect of a fountain pen. The 'liquid-ink' type rollerball pens were introduced in 1963 by the Japanese company Ohto. The gel ink type rollerball pens were patented in 1982 by Sakura Color Products.

Gel inks usually contain pigments, while liquid inks are limited to dyestuffs, as pigments will sink down in liquid ink (sedimentation). The thickness and suspending power of gels allows the use of pigments in gelled ink, which yields a greater variety of brighter colors than is possible in liquid ink. Gels also allow for the use of heavier pigments with metallic or glitter effects, or opaque pastel pigments that can be seen on dark surfaces.

Liquid ink roller ball pens flow extremely consistently and skip less than gel ink pens do. The lower viscosity of liquid ink increases the likelihood of consistent inking of the ball, whereas the higher viscosity of gel ink produces "skipping", that is, occasional gaps in lines or letters.

In comparison to ballpoint pens,

 * Rollerball pens have a unique ink flow system for an even, high-performance writing experience.
 * Less pressure needs to be applied to the pen to have it write cleanly. This permits holding the pen with less stress on the hand, saving energy and improving comfort. This can also translate to quicker writing speeds. This is especially true of liquid ink pens.
 * The inks usually have a greater range of colors due to the wider choice of suitable water-soluble dyes and/or to the use of pigments.
 * They tend to write more clearly than ballpoint pens do.

Disadvantages
There are a number of disadvantages inherent to roller ball pens:

 * Roller ball pens with liquid-ink are more likely to "bleed" through the paper. Liquid ink is more readily absorbed into the paper due to its lower viscosity. This viscosity also causes problems when leaving the tip on the paper. The bleed-through effect is greatly increased as the ink is continually absorbed into the paper, creating a blotch. This does not affect gel-ink roller ball pens as much. This is one way through which the thickness of gel-ink gives it an advantage, in that it isn't as prone to being absorbed. Though the bleed-through effect of a gel-ink roller ball is greater than that of a ballpoint, it is usually not too significant.
 * Roller ball pens generally run out of ink more quickly than ballpoints because roller balls use a greater amount of ink while writing. This is especially true of liquid-ink roller balls, due to gel ink having a low absorption rate as a result of its thickness. Neither lasts as long as a ballpoint.
 * Uncapped roller ball pens are more likely to leak ink when, for example, placed into a shirt pocket, but most pens include caps or other mechanisms to prevent this from happening.
 * A roller ball tip is more likely to clog and jam when writing over correction fluid that has not yet completely dried. This often renders the ink cartridge useless.

Standards
The International Organization for Standardization has published standards for roller ball pens:

 * ISO 14145-1:1998: Roller ball pens and refills – Part 1: General use
 * ISO 14145-2:1998: Roller ball pens and refills – Part 2: Documentary use (DOC)

To comply to the ISO 14145-2:1998 documentary use standard the following has to be established by an ISO/IEC 17025 accredited laboratory:
 * Erasure resistance – The surface of the testing paper shall show clear evidence of damage before the line is rendered invisible when tested.
 * Ethanol resistance – The line shall remain visible when tested with a 50% aqueous ethanol solution (volume fraction).
 * Hydrochloric acid resistance – The line shall remain visible when tested with a 10% aqueous hydrochloric acid solution (mass fraction).
 * Ammonium hydroxide resistance – The line shall remain visible when tested with a 10% aqueous ammonium hydroxide acid solution (mass fraction).
 * Bleaching resistance – The line shall remain visible when tested with an aqueous 3% freshly made solution of chloramine-T (mass fraction).
 * Water resistance – The line shall remain visible when tested with water.
 * Light resistance – The line shall remain visible when tested with light.

Most roller ball refills comply to the ISO 14145-2:1998 standard and are approved for documentary use.

Uses
Former MI-6 agent Richard Tomlinson alleges that Pentel Rolling Writer roller ball pens were extensively used by SIS agents to produce secret writing (invisible messages) while on missions.

The Ohto Model CB-10F Ceramic Roller Ball Pen was used at the 1990 Economic Summit of Industrialized Nations.

title: Rollerball pen


text:
Talk:Jacob Gould Schurman

Untitled
two points: he was born in canada, and educated in Canada & the UK, so should he be labeled as an american? secondly, what the hell is an educationist?

title: Talk:Jacob Gould Schurman


text:
Dan Vadis

Dan Vadis (born Constantine Daniel Vafiadis, January 3, 1938 – June 11, 1987) was an American actor famous for his lead roles in many Italian films made in the 1960s.

Biography
Vadis was of Greek descent, with lineage tracing back to the island of Chios in the Aegean Sea. This former U.S. Navy sailor and bodybuilder was a member of the Mae West "Muscleman Revue" in the late 1950s. He was a brawny, handsome durable 6'4" man with curly brown hair, bluish green eyes and an affable demeanor. He was probably one of the most memorable actors in the Roman epic movies created in the 1960s and early '70s to portray Hercules - the most famous Greek warrior.

He was also one of many bodybuilders to take a stab at fame and fortune with the Italian peplum films of the 1960s. Noted film critic Raymond Durgnat famously asked if he was "the brother of Quo?".

His most notable role was The Triumph of Hercules (1964), in which he portrayed Hercules battling golden giants and trying to save his princess love from her evil relative. The film was quickly followed by Hercules the Invincible retitled Son of Hercules in the Land of Darkness, in The Sons of Hercules television package by Embassy Pictures. What made Vadis stand out from other athletes and bodybuilders in these films was the obvious speed, dexterity, agility and all around durability that he brought to his films, bringing much needed energy to what otherwise may have been average fight scenes.

After the sword and sandal films faded he moved into Spaghetti Westerns, then became a recurring face in Clint Eastwood movies such as High Plains Drifter, The Gauntlet, Every Which Way But Loose, Any Which Way You Can and Bronco Billy.

Vadis died in Lancaster, California on 11 June 1987, at the age of 49. His body was found in a car in the desert, and his death was declared an accidental drug overdose with acute ethanol and heroin-morphine intoxication. He was survived by his wife, Sharon Jessup, and his son, Nick.

Partial filmography

 * Colossus of the Arena (1962) - Sidon
 * The Rebel Gladiators (1962) - Ursus
 * The Pirates of the Mississippi (1963) - Blackfoot
 * The Ten Gladiators (1963) - Roccia / The Rock
 * Hercules the Invincible (1964) - Hercules
 * Zorikan lo sterminatore (1964) - Zorikan
 * The Triumph of Hercules (1964) - Ercole
 * Triumph of the Ten Gladiators (1964) - Roccia
 * Spartacus and the Ten Gladiators (1964) - Gladiator Roccia
 * The Sucker (1965) - (uncredited)
 * Deguejo (1966) - Ramon
 * Kommissar X – Drei gelbe Katzen (1966) - King
 * For a Few Extra Dollars (1966) - Nelson Riggs
 * The Stranger Returns (1967) - En Plein
 * The Scalphunters (1968) - Yuma
 * Dio perdoni la mia pistola (1969) - Martin
 * High Plains Drifter (1973) - Dan Carlin, outlaw
 * Cahill U.S. Marshal (1973) - Brownie
 * The White Buffalo (1977) - Tall Man (uncredited)
 * The Gauntlet (1977) - Biker
 * Every Which Way But Loose (1978) - Frank (Black Widow)
 * Bronco Billy (1980) - Chief Big Eagle
 * Any Which Way You Can (1980) - Frank (Black Widow)
 * I sette magnifici gladiatori (1982) - Nicerote (final film role)

title: Dan Vadis


text:
Bucket shop

A bucket shop was an unlicensed tavern in 19th-century London that sold discarded alcohol.

It also refers to:
 * a business engaged in heraldic fraud, the sale of illegitimate heraldic credentials
 * bucket shop (stock market), a sham brokerage that does not execute trades as claimed
 * an airline consolidator that specializes in multi-stop trips

title: Bucket shop


text:
Black Enterprise

Black Enterprise (stylized in all caps) is an American multimedia company. A Black-owned business since the 1970s, its flagship product Black Enterprise magazine has covered African American businesses with a readership of 3.7 million. The company was founded in 1970 by Earl G. Graves Sr. It publishes in print and digital, an annual listing of the largest African-American companies in the country, or "B.E. 100s", first compiled and published in 1973. In 2002 the magazine launched a supplement targeting teens, Teenpreneur. Black Enterprise also has two nationally syndicated television shows, Our World with Black Enterprise and Women of Power.

History
The magazine was founded by Earl G. Graves Sr. In January 2006, he named his eldest son, Earl G. Graves Jr. (known as "Butch"), the company's chief executive officer. Butch joined the company in 1988 after earning his M.B.A. from Harvard University; he received his bachelor's degree in economics from Yale University in 1984. He also sits on the board of directors of AutoZone, serving as lead director and chairman of the compensation committee.

Black Enterprise has been profitable since its 10th issue. The company, headquartered in New York City, has 58 employees and had revenues of $22 million in 2017.

Award
The magazine won the 1997 FOLIO: Editorial Excellence Award in the business/finance consumer magazine category.

title: Black Enterprise


text:
Thomas Lux

Thomas Lux (December 10, 1946 – February 5, 2017) was an American poet who held the Margaret T. and Henry C. Bourne, Jr. Chair in Poetry at the Georgia Institute of Technology and ran Georgia Tech's "Poetry @ Tech" program. He wrote fourteen books of poetry.

Early life and education
Thomas Lux was born in Northampton, Massachusetts, son of a milkman and a Sears & Roebuck switchboard operator, neither of whom graduated from high school. Lux was raised in Massachusetts on a dairy farm.

Lux graduated from Emerson College in Boston, where he was also poet in residence from 1970–1975. His first book—Memory's Handgrenade—was published shortly after.

Academic career
Lux was a member of the writing faculty at Sarah Lawrence College, where he taught for twenty-seven years, from 1975 until 2001. He was also a core faculty member of the Warren Wilson M.F.A. Program for Writers. In 1996 he was a visiting professor at University of California, Irvine. A former Guggenheim Fellow and three times a recipient of grants from the National Endowment for the Arts, Lux received, in 1995, the $50,000 Kingsley Tufts Poetry Award for his sixth collection, Split Horizons. In 2003, Lux was awarded an honorary doctorate of Letters from Emerson College. His poems were featured in many notable anthologies, including American Alphabets: 25 Contemporary Poets (2006). In 2012, Lux received the Robert Creeley Award.

At the time of his death in February 2017, Lux was the Margaret T. and Henry C. Bourne, Jr. Chair in Poetry at the Georgia Institute of Technology where he began teaching in 2001. At Georgia Tech he ran their "Poetry at Tech" program, which included one of the best known poetry reading series in the country, along with community outreach classes and workshops.

Before his death, Lux edited (and wrote the Introduction to) Bill Knott's posthumous publication I Am Flying into Myself: Selected Poems 1960–2014 which appeared in February 2017.

Death
Lux died of lung cancer at his home in Atlanta, Georgia on February 5, 2017, survived by his wife Jennifer Holley Lux and a daughter from a previous marriage, Claudia Lux.

Poetry

 * Collections
 * Sunday (1979)
 * Half Promised Land (1986)
 * The Drowned River (1990)
 * Split Horizon (1994)
 * The Blind Swimmer: Selected Early Poems, 1970–1975 (1996)
 * New and Selected Poems, 1975–1995 (1997)
 * The Street of Clocks (2001)
 * The Cradle Place (2004)
 * God Particles (2008)
 * Child Made of Sand (2012)
 * Selected Poems (Bloodaxe Books, UK, 2014) ISBN 978-1-78037-115-3
 * To the Left of Time, Ecco, 2016
 * Chapbooks
 * The Land Sighted (chapbook, 1970)
 * Madrigal on the Way Home (chapbook, 1976)
 * Like a Wide Anvil from the Moon the Light (chapbook, 1980)
 * Massachusetts (chapbook, 1981)
 * Tarantulas on the Lifebuoy (chapbook, 1983)
 * A Boat in the Forest (chapbook, 1992)
 * Pecked to Death by Swans (chapbook, 1993)
 * List of poems
 * Pecked to Death by Swans (chapbook, 1993)
 * List of poems

title: Thomas Lux


text:
Talk:Ulysses (spacecraft)

Goodbye
ESA/NASA's Ulysses Mission Operations Blog:

Bon voyage! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.50.16.4 (talk) 20:44, 30 June 2009 (UTC)

How fast?
It says this probe is the fastest artificallly accellerated object, but does not say how fast.

"On leaving Earth, the spacecraft became the fastest ever artificially-accelerated object" Is this fact outdated by the recent launch of New Horizons? (see the New Horizons article)

picture
is it the real ulysses craft or a model? Nasa website says model....

Request for Image
Can someone add an image that shows the satellite's orbit and the gravity assisted maneuvers described in this article? Perhaps an animation? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.170.239.44 (talk) 19:17, 25 February 2008 (UTC)

How about an image of the Sun's north or south poile?
Something that is a glaring omission from this article are any actual images from Ulysses. Did it not take photographs of the North and South poles? There is actually no reference to Ulysses carrying a camera. This is sigificant as it makes it one of the only NASA probes to be "blind" if this is the case. 68.146.41.232 (talk) 22:28, 27 May 2008 (UTC)

Hallo, Ulysses was supposed to be a two-probe mission, one mostly ESA the other mostly NASA. They were supposed to go on opposite sides of the ecliptic and instruments were distributed among the two probes. However due to budget cuts, NASA decided to cut its half of the mission - that would be bad enough, but here comes the worst: at NASA "they forgot" to tell their European counterpart (so that the setup of the remaining probe could be altered, and the most significant experiments get onboard) until it was much too late to make any changes. This is why Ulysses carries no camera. This "little glitch" by the way jeopardized even Cassini (since ESA did not precisely consider NASA any longer a reliable partner at the time) and it took much work on both sides of the pond to convince ESA that Cassini-Huygens would work out. NASA provided, according to the original agreements, the launch and the DSS coverage for the Ulysses mission. Ulysses has changed our understanding of the solar system, and even at present is sending much relevant data - so please write to ESA and insist on extended funding, and write to NASA and ask them to keep providing DSS time, preferably at high altitude passes. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 93.149.132.137 (talk) 20:44, 27 September 2008 (UTC)

Typo?
"In 1994-95 it explored both the northern solar polar regions."

Can you have two northern polar regions? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.233.91.142 (talk) 20:35, 12 June 2008 (UTC)

Another possible typo: "Dual tape recorders, each of approximately 45 megabit capacity..." 45 megabit is rather small, that is only 5.625 megabytes. In any case the article should be change to use megabytes as they are a unit of storage and megabits are a measure of bandwith. (reminder: 8 megabits is one megabyte, see bits to byte)

 * 45 megabits is right. Please reference this link: Ulysses Spacecraft. "The Data Storage Units consist of two redundant tape recorders for storage of data during those perids when the spacecraft is not in communication with the gorund (nontracking periods) for subsequent playback and transmission during the next tracking period. The 45 Mbit capacity of each tape recorder is sufficient to provide continuous storage at 512 bit/s for 22 h or 256 bit/s for 44 h."  --Marsbound2024 (talk) 18:45, 12 August 2008 (UTC)

Mission End Date Incorrect?
I have just read an article from ESA: which seems to suggest that on the date of writing the craft is still active, beyond the date stated in this wiki entry of July 1st. Should this be changed or at least re-worded? --193.203.245.211 (talk) 15:13, 3 July 2008 (UTC)

 * I am under the opinion that Ulysses should still be considered an active mission as long as it continues to return data and mission controllers are working with it. Thus, why don't we return this mission to "active" status by re-bolding and italicizing it to denote it as a current spacecraft mission.  We can always remove it when the mission is officially ended. --Marsbound2024 (talk) 18:41, 12 August 2008 (UTC)

 * The official end date of the mission was 1 July 2008, but NASA / ESA are continuing the mission as long as the hydrazine fuel in the spacecraft does not freeze. Listen to the interview with Mission Operations Manager Nigel Angold for more information. Jespdj (talk) 06:59, 28 August 2008 (UTC)

Did launch delay mean that RTG output was already reduced
Any info on when the RTG fuel was made or what the power at launch was ? - Rod57 (talk) 05:17, 20 October 2012 (UTC)
 * Delay mentioned (with source) on GPHS-RTG. Delay did reduce power available, otherwise it might have operated for another 4 years. - Rod57 (talk) 13:29, 26 October 2012 (UTC)

No original photos unique of Ulysses...
I was looking for photos of planets that were unique to Ulysses,but none on this page. Can we get some photos that will better show Ulysses' contribution to this event? Dinky town  talk  23:45, 26 December 2012 (UTC)

Ulysses and Shuttle Centaur
In the launch section, I would add a mention that Ulysses was originally planned to be launched from the Shuttle using the Shuttle Centaur. The cancellation of the Shuttle Centaur in the wake of the Challenger disaster caused much of the delay in the mission. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Piece.of.eight (talk • contribs) 22:00, 8 January 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified (January 2018)
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090703055833/http://ulysses-ops.jpl.esa.int/ulsfct/opsfiles/03feb_ops.html to http://ulysses-ops.jpl.esa.int/ulsfct/opsfiles/03feb_ops.html
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Jupiter flyby section
This section is dubious at best. The reference is a link to an unclear YouTube video which does not contain the information claimed in the paragraph. Also the claim that it will be the 8th interstellar probe after Interstellar Express seems to be WP:SYNTH at best. I would suggest the whole section is worth deleting unless anybody knows of a better source. It's not my specialty, so I'm posting this rather then immediately removing it. Regards Davidelit (Talk) 14:55, 21 August 2021 (UTC)

 * I'd agree, but I think we should try to find more info on it than removal. Perhaps a simulation? IowaBird (talk) 23:36, 30 October 2023 (UTC)

Fate subsection removed
I've removed the "Fate" section since the spacecraft was decommissioned and deactivated	on 30 June 2009. AreThree (talk) 05:49, 21 March 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ulysses (spacecraft)


text:
Vinland sagas

The Vinland Sagas are two Icelandic texts written independently of each other in the early 13th century—The Saga of the Greenlanders (Grænlendinga Saga) and The Saga of Erik the Red (Eiríks Saga Rauða). The sagas were written down between 1220 and 1280 and describe events occurring around 970–1030.

The Saga of Erik the Red and The Saga of the Greenlanders both contain different accounts of Norse voyages to Vinland. The name Vinland, meaning "Wineland," is attributed to the discovery of grapevines upon the arrival of Leif Eiriksson in North America. The Vinland Sagas represent the most complete information available regarding the Norse exploration of the Americas, although due to Iceland's oral tradition, they cannot be deemed completely historically accurate and include contradictory details. However, historians commonly believe these sources contain substantial evidence of Viking exploration of North America through the descriptions of topography, natural resources, and native culture. In comparing the events of both books, a realistic timeline was created.

The veracity of the Sagas was supported by the discovery and excavation of a Viking Age settlement at L'Anse aux Meadows in Newfoundland, Canada. Research done in the early 1960s by Norwegian explorer Helge Ingstad and his wife, archaeologist Anne Stine Ingstad, identified this settlement located at what is now the L'Anse aux Meadows National Historic Site of Canada.

Translations
English translations of both of the Vinland sagas can be found in the following works:

 * Kunz, Keneva; Sigurdsson, Gisli, The Vinland Sagas, London: Penguin, 2008, ISBN 0-14-044776-8.
 * Kunz, Keneva, The Sagas of the Icelanders, London: Penguin, 2005, ISBN 0-14-100003-1.
 * Magnusson, Magnus; Palsson, Hermann, The Vinland Sagas, London: Penguin, 1973, ISBN 0-14-044154-9.
 * Reeves, Arthur Middleton, The Finding of Wineland the Good: The History of the Icelandic Discovery of America, London: Henry Frowde, Oxford University Press, 1890

title: Vinland sagas


text:
World Popular Song Festival

The World Popular Song Festival (世界歌謡祭), also known as Yamaha Music Festival and unofficially as the "Oriental Eurovision", was an international song contest held from 1970 until 1989. It was organised by the Yamaha Music Foundation in Tokyo, Japan from 1970 until 1989. The first edition of the World Popular Song Festival (WPSF) took place on 20, 21 and 22 November 1970 with 37 participating countries from all continents. The concert was cancelled in 1988 due to the illness of the Shōwa Emperor; the final year was a charity concert for UNICEF, after which the contest was formally ended.

History
Belgium was represented at the 1970 edition by Daliah Lavi, famous for her role in Casino Royale (1967), the James Bond parody featuring Woody Allen as well with Samantha Gilles in 1987 ending second with the song Hold Me. Lavi performed the chanson "Prends L'Amour" and ended up 13th in the Grand Final (the contest had two semi-finals and one final). The Netherlands delegated world-known jazz singer Rita Reys with the song "Just Be You", a composition by her husband Pim Jacobs. Czech singer Helena Vondráčková sang "Uncle Charlie" a novelty song inspired by Charlie Chaplin. Other famous 1970 participants were 1969 Eurovision winner Frida Boccara for France, Jacques Michel for Canada and Ted Mulry for Australia, who scored a national number 1 hit with his entry. Winner of the 1st WPSF was Israel with the duo Hedva & David. More than 2 million copies of their winning entry "Ani Holem Al Naomi" ("I Dream Of Naomi") were sold worldwide, giving a serious credibility boost to the new Festival.

Well established names as well as new talents tried their fortune at the WPSF: a very young ABBA under the name Björn & Benny with uncredited backing vocals by their partners Agnetha and Anni-Frid performing the track "Santa Rosa" with little success (later relegated to the B-side of their second single "He Is Your Brother"), Céline Dion (Outstanding Song Award in 1982), Bryan Adams (Participating in 1982), Bucks Fizz (Best Song Award in 1981), Tina Charles, Eros Ramazzotti, Daniela Romo, Gianna Nannini, Demis Roussos, Bonnie Tyler, B.J. Thomas, La Toya Jackson, Erasure, Cissy Houston, Italian singer-songwriter Alice, Mia Martini and many others.

In the history of the WPSF, the United Kingdom has been the most successful, winning the "WPSF Grand Prix" 5 times in the seventies (even three times in row). The United Kingdom is followed by the United States with 4 Grand Prix victories. Smaller countries won as well: Jamaica in 1972 with Ernie Smith, Norway in 1974 with Ellen Nikolaysen, Cuba in 1981 with Osvaldo Rodríguez and Hungary in 1983 with Neoton Família.

Awards

 * Grand Prix International
 * Grand Prix National 1975-1982
 * Most Outstanding Performance Award (MOPA)
 * Outstanding Performance Award (OPA)
 * Outstanding Song Award (OSA)
 * Kawakami Award

title: World Popular Song Festival


text:
Polanica-Zdrój

Polanica-Zdrój (Altheide-Bad) is a spa town in Kłodzko County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It lies approximately 11 km south-west of Kłodzko, and 89 km south-west of the regional capital, Wrocław. As at 2021, the town has a population of 6110.

History
Polanica-Zdrój was first documented in 1347 under the name Heyde, when it was part of the Kingdom of Bohemia. At the time it belonged to the House of Glaubitz, and in the following centuries it often changed owners. From the end of the 16th century the village was co-owned by the Jesuits, who contributed to its development. In 1645 it was destroyed by Swedish troops during the Thirty Years' War. In 1742 the settlement – like all the area – was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia. The settlement grew quickly during the 19th century, becoming a popular health resort in the 1870s, after Prussia had become a component state of Germany in 1871. In 1890 a rail connection to Glatz (Kłodzko) was completed. Until 1933, that is the year the Nazis came to power in Germany, a Polish guesthouse existed in the town. During both world wars the sanatoria were turned into military hospitals. The town became part of Poland after World War II. It was granted town rights in 1945 and its first mayor was Kazimierz Dąbrowski.

On 28 June 1972 the Catholic parishes of Polanica-Zdrój were redeployed from the traditional Hradec Králové diocese (est. 1664; Ecclesiastical Province of Bohemia) into the Archdiocese of Wrocław.

The amateur film festival POL-8 takes place in Polanica-Zdrój. Since 1963, it has hosted the annual Akiba Rubinstein Memorial chess tournament, honoring the great Polish Grandmaster (1882–1961). This event always attracts a high-class field of top players.

Numbers of inhabitants:

 * 1787 – 443
 * 1816 – 490
 * 1880 – 527
 * 1910 - 1,538
 * 1933 - 1,831
 * 1950 - 4,482
 * 1960 - 6,514
 * 1970 - 6,943
 * 1978 - 7,399
 * 2006 - 6,900

Surroundings

 * Historical city of Kłodzko with the Kłodzko Fortress with 44 km de galleries & the Saint John bridge (called a "Charles Bridge of Prague in miniature") from 1390, as well as its houses from the 15th and 16th century
 * Spa resorts in Duszniki-Zdrój, Kudowa-Zdrój & Lądek-Zdrój
 * Śnieżnik Mountains & Stołowe Mountains
 * Medieval town of Niemcza
 * Cistercian monastery at Henryków
 * Wojsławice Arboretum

Twin towns – sister cities
Polanica-Zdrój is twinned with:
 * 🇨🇿 Česká Skalice, Czech Republic
 * 🇨🇿 Janské Lázně, Czech Republic
 * 🇩🇪 Telgte, Germany
 * 🇵🇱 Kartuzy, Poland
 * 🇮🇹 Comacchio, Italy

title: Polanica-Zdrój


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Gosal

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. -Splash 02:01, 10 September 2005 (UTC)

Gosal
Delete Neoglism PhilipO 15:55, August 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete slang term DV8 2XL 16:11, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Wikipedia is not a slang dictionary. Sjakkalle (Check!)  07:07, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Gosal


text:
User:Caerwine/The Crystal Glasses (Xiaolin Showdown)

The Crystal Glasses is episode 204 of Xiaolin Showdown. It first aired in the United States on October 2, 2004.

When Omi looks through the Crystal Glasses he discovers his future isn't as rose-colored as he had imagined. However, the new student, Vlad, is more than happy to help reverse Omi's future.

Synopsis
The Xiaolin apprentices head to Russia in seach of the latest Shen Gong Wu to be revealed, the Crystal Glasses. They first encounter Vlad, a vendor who both sells them a greasy salve to soothe Dojo's massive Shen Gong Wu rash. The salve works allowing Dojo to focus on the location of the Crystal Glasses. They fight with Jack over them, but Jack mostly gets away, but his rotors are overloaded and falls on top of Vlad's vending cart. Vlad pounds Jack and obtains the Crystal Glasses which he hands over to the Xiaolin apprentices. Clay suggests that Vlad accompany them back to the temple and train to become a Xiaolin monk, and he agrees.

Shen Gong Wu
The Crysal glasses are revealed in a building locaed in Russia that looks like a cross betweeen the Kremlin and the Taj Mahal. No showdown is fought over them, but we learn taht they allow the wearer to perceive the future.

Kimiko uses the Two Ton Tunic, Raimundo the Sword of the Storm, Omi the Fist of Tebigong, and Clay the Tangle Web Comb when fighting Jack at the Old Town Temple. Jack uses the Reversing Mirror to cause Omi to suffer the effects of the Fist of Tebigong instead of him.

Guest Characters
Vlad initially appears to be a helpful Russian vendor who joins the Xiaolin apprentices at their temple after helping the Xiaolin apprentice to obtain the Crystal Glasses. It is later revealed that Vlad had been working for Jack all along.

Showdowns
Omi versus Vlad for the Wushu Helmet.

Clay's Downhome Sayings
You can usually count on Clay to come up with at least one of these per episode.

Kimiko's Techno-Fashion
'''Russia Hairstyle: Short, curly black hair with red highlights.

'''Jungle' Hairstyle: black hair with orange highlights in a ponytail tied by an alligator bobble.

Raimundo's Schemes
Raimundo often schemes to make his life at the temple easier.

The Wisdom of Master Fung
Master Fung is fond of inscrutable sayings. Here you can scrute them.

Dojo's Wu Sense
Dojo often suffers a rash or itch when Wu reveal themselves.

Jack Spicer's Bots
Jack Spicer uses his Transforming Bot as a snow


text:
Duels (band)

Duels are an English indie rock band from Leeds formed in 2005. They have been described by The Guardian as "one of Britain's most ambitious groups" The band's debut album, The Bright Lights And What I Should Have Learned was released in July 2006 and received an 8/10 review in the NME, while also being named 'Album of the Week' in The Sunday Times, The Guardian and on XFM.

Band members

 * Jon Foulger
 * Jim Foulger
 * Jon Maher
 * James Kirkbright
 * Whiskas

Career
Duels had its roots in the band SammyUSA. Their early demos received welcome attention from UK radio DJs such as Zane Lowe and Steve Lamacq. Their first limited edition single "Potential Futures" was released on the Transgressive Records label on 18 July 2005. The song featured on the Fifa 2006 soundtrack.

In May 2005, they signed to Nude Records. Their second single, "Pressure On You", was released on 7 November 2005. Third single, "Animal" was released on Monday 10 April 2006. Duels' debut album, "The Bright Lights And What I Should Have Learned" was released in July 2006. It received a positive review in the New Musical Express (NME), garnering an 8/10 review score, Clash magazine, Time Out and was named Album of the Week in The Sunday Times, The Guardian and on XFM. The band released two further EP's in 2006, "The Slow Build EP" and the "Once In The Night EP".

Throughout 2006, the band played radio sessions for BBC Radio 2 DJ Janice Long, 6Music's Marc Riley and Tom Robinson and appeared on The Album Chart Show.

On 5 March 2007, the band announced via the blog on their Myspace page that they and their record label, Nude Records, had parted ways.

Duels announced via their website on 13 September 2007 that their second album would be entitled The Barbarians Move In. The album was exclusively digitally released via their official website from 14 February 2008, followed by a physical release on 28 April on This Is Fake DIY Records. A vinyl single version of "Regeneration" preceded the physical album. The album has received widespread critical acclaim and positive reviews: Q Magazine - "...laudably sophisticated, laudably widescreen, Q Recommends - ****"

Artrocker - "The album for armies to listen to before they go to war"

NME - "unequivocal brilliance...best comeback of 2008 so far - 8/10"

The Guardian - "an Orwellian opus that bucks prevailing trends. One of Britain's most ambitious groups - ****"

Clash magazine - "the kind of record they always threatened to make...a darkening canvas of the band's immense progression"

Leeds Music Scene - "9/10"

The Sun - "enthralling"

Teletext - "a very English air of foreboding - 8/10"

Whisperin & Hollerin - "outstanding in range, inventiveness and emotional strength - 9/10"

Clickmusic - "dark, dramatic and sinister, but that brooding combination might just switch a light on in your head - ****"

Sound Of Violence - "9/10"

Vibrations - "it would be difficult to overstate quite how good this record is"

Rocksound - "grimly fiendish"

Subba-Cultcha - "something that will terrify us at first yet will fall in love with too - *****"

New Noise.net - "a quite beautiful record.....dark and disarming"

In February 2009, ¡Forward Russia! guitarist Whiskas joined the band as a full-time member.

As of early 2009, Duels are writing and rehearsing their third full-length album.

Tour dates
Duels toured with Graham Coxon, opening the nights for the former Blur guitarist, The Rakes and across Europe with The Kooks and The Zutons. They have played the V Festival, Reading and Leeds Festivals and opened the Main Stage at T in the Park in 2006. They also played a one-off date with The Automatic, supporting Kaiser Chiefs in Leeds, and the SXSW Festival in Texas in 2006.

Studio albums

 * The Bright Lights And What I Should Have Learned - July 2006
 * The Barbarians Move In - February 2008

Singles

 * "Potential Futures" (18/7/2005)
 * "Pressure On You" (7/11/2005)
 * "Animal" (10/4/2006) UK No. 47
 * "Idle Pursuits" (24/06/2006) UK No. 76
 * The Slow Build EP (double 7" vinyl set) (24/07/2006)
 * Once In The Night EP (double 7" vinyl set)(16/10/2006)
 * Regeneration (7" vinyl) (14/08/2008)

title: Duels (band)


text:
Wikipedia:Publicity photos

Publicity photos, distributed as part of press kits by celebrities, corporations, candidates for political office, and others, may be eligible for use on Wikipedia under the doctrine of fair use. These images are most often photographs of people, products, or events. As with all images uploaded to Wikipedia, the source of the photo must be identified on the image description page, and copyright information, when supplied with the photo, must be included.

Since such photos are distributed for reuse by the media, there may be an implicit license for their use in discussing the subject that is being promoted. This assumption of an implicit license may or may not include for-profit commercial activity, however. Because Wikipedia no longer uses restrictive licenses, their usage on Wikipedia must fall under normal Wikipedia fair use policy restrictions.

If it is possible to replace the publicity image with a new, free, image of similar value to the reader then the free image must be used in preference to the restricted and copyrighted publicity photograph.

Note that the above only applies to photos that are explicitly distributed for publicity purposes, and does not apply to most photographs of celebrities. For example, a wire service photo of a celebrity or a film still from the site for a movie cannot automatically be presumed to be a publicity photo distributed as part of a press kit. Publicity photos come from a very narrow range of sources, and are made available for distribution by promotional agencies, whereas many images that may appear promotional in nature are intended for commercial use by the image's copyright holder.

Most photos that are found on the Internet are not publicity photos. Publicity photos found on the Internet typically have the following characteristics:
 * They are found in a section of a web site called "media kit", "press kit", "press", or something similar
 * The images are available in high-resolution TIFF versions (upload a low-resolution JPEG version to Wikipedia though)
 * There is text on the site asking that the photographer be credited and/or there is licence text permitting reproduction for certain purposes (usually using them to sell products is prohibited).

If you have personally contacted an official promotional agent, modelling agency, or talent agency and have received written support for the use of a promotional image on Wikipedia, please additionally add Withpermission to the image's description page, along with the relevant correspondence. For how to solicit permission, see Example requests for permission.

Use of such images on the non-profit Wikipedia, for encyclopedic purposes, is highly unlikely to be contested. Commercial reusers of Wikipedia content should consider whether their use of such photos qualifies as fair use, and whether their use infringes on the subject's publicity rights.

title: Wikipedia:Publicity photos


text:
Sabalo

Sabalo may refer to:

 * Sabalo, also called sábalo, various species of fish
 * USS Sabalo, the name of more than one United States Navy ship

title: Sabalo


text: User:Bobbo

title: User:Bobbo


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ato

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was withdrawn by nominator. --Russ Blau (talk) 22:28, September 11, 2005 (UTC)

Ato
Redirect to List of angels in Enochian: non-notable dicdef of an acronym used in US DoD procurement policies. --Russ Blau (talk) 15:56, August 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Wikipedia is not an indiscriminate collection of information.DV8 2XL 16:08, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirects do not need to come to VfD. You can just do them without asking (aka being WP:BOLD) usually. -Splash 23:46, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Disambiguation page needed here. Proto t c 11:03, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per DV8 2XL  - Orioneight 00:02, 11 September 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ato


text:
Wikipedia talk:Non-free content

Non-free uploads predating the NFCC
File:Terry Nichols (mug shot).jpg was uploaded in 2004 and is being used for primary identification purposes in Terry Nichols; however, the file is from Alamy, which seems to be a problem per WP:F7 (WP:NFCC). WP:NFCC seems to have been created after the file was uploaded,and the EDP didn't go into effect until 2007. What happens to files uploaded prior to the EDP? Are they grandfathered in a similar way to what is done at c:COM:GRANDFATHER with respect to VRT? Another thing about this Nichols file is that a new colorized version of it was uploaded in 2020, but the file's description wasn't changed in any way. I can't see the original version.Is it the same version? Is the original source still valid for the colorized version? Should the original version be restored if its different than the colorized version?-- Marchjuly (talk) 00:40, 28 June 2024 (UTC)
 * NFCC was retroactive . There was a whole period in 2008 where all file images were reviewed for their use. — M asem (t) 02:15, 28 June 2024 (UTC)
 * Also, the colorization was clearly done by a user, and I cannot recall if we allow user colorization or not (I don't think we do). A RS colorization version is fine but the new source must be identified. — M asem (t) 02:29, 28 June 2024 (UTC)
 * Why would Alamy hold the copyright to a mugshot? Seems rather sus to me. -- Whpq (talk) 02:36, 28 June 2024 (UTC)
 * Gettys has this, attributed to the Bureau of Prisons but that's weird as the BoP is a branch of the DOJ, so you'd think USgov PD would cover it. I don't know immediately. M asem  (t) 04:56, 28 June 2024 (UTC)

File:Rod Stewart - Your Song.png nominated for discussion
You are invited to join the discussion at Wikipedia:Files for discussion/2024 June 28 § File:Rod Stewart - Your Song.png. George Ho (talk) 16:31, 2 July 2024 (UTC)

Non-free images of living Taliban officials
Given that a non-free images of certain North Korean leaders were not considered to be NFCCP compliant for the longest time while they were still living, I'm wondering how non-free images of current Taliban government officials like File:Muhammad Yousuf Wafa.jpg should be treated per WP:FREER. I'm not sure you could argue that these people are any more reclusive or difficult to photograph that perhaps some other world leaders who might in some way be considered pariahs. Given that photos of them do seem to popping up in media reports every now and then doesn't seem to indicate that anyone approaching them with a camera ends up being shot in their tracks. If, for example, you do a Google Image search of Muhammad Yousuf Wafa, several different images of him seem to show up. Unless the argument here is that these persons are terrorists and thus near impossible to photograph, it's not totally clear (at least to me) whether non-free images of them are truly non-replaceable non-free use. -- Marchjuly (talk) 06:55, 5 July 2024 (UTC)

 * It's hard to say. Now that the civil war is over and more people have cameras than in 2001 (or 1996, or 1989...) I think it's possible we'd start seeing the governors of provinces like Herat (important guy for the Iranians to talk to) showing up for meetings and summits abroad. Remsense  诉  07:50, 5 July 2024 (UTC)

Mohammed Deif
may be interested here. There are two AFP (presumably non-free) photos of Mohammed Deif at The News (Pakistan) and Middle East Eye. Deif's article says that he deliberately avoids being photographed, presumably for security reasons. He's currently one of five people for whom arrest warrants have been requested within the ICC for war crimes and crimes against humanity.

Is a non-free image of Deif justified? Looking through the 10 WP:NFCCP criteria:

1. It's extremely likely that no free equivalent exists, and the most credible scenarios of a photo becoming available are probably (a) assassination by Israeli forces and publication of photos of his corpse, which would make publication of a photo very likely quite controversial under general WP:BLP guidelines (WP:BDP indirectly mentions recently deceased), or (b) the arrest warrant is accepted and Palestinian authorities manage to detain him and transfer him safely to The Hague, despite internal disagreements among various Palestinian political groups and security forces. The probabilities of (a) and (b) are highly speculative.

2. No idea about "commercial" opportunities being obstructed - I guess an even lower resolution of the already low resolution photos could be used?

7. I would recommend usage in both Mohammed Deif and International Criminal Court investigation in Palestine.

8. I'm not sure about the absence of a photo being "detrimental", and I don't see how adding a photo "significantly increases understanding". Whether someone has round, pointy, or squarish eyes/nose/chin/cheek bones/eyebrows or straight/curly/blond/brown/dark hair usually doesn't help understand that person except if his/her occupation is in modelling (beauty competitions) or as an actor/actress (an exception is Viktor Yushchenko who survived poisoning - the poisoning was a notable event in his life, still visible in his current preferred Wikipedia photo).

I don't know if 1 includes a time scale. The inertia in the current situation makes it unlikely for either (a) or (b) to occur any time soon. If "could" is interpreted as "could within a reasonable time scale", then 1 could be considered to be satisfied.

However, I would see 8 as a strong argument against. Deif (along with four others) is a suspected war criminal - what he looks like is (as far as I know) irrelevant except for the police forces of states parties to the Rome Statute (includes Palestine, excludes Israel), which is a police issue, not an encyclopedic issue. Wikipedia does not have a role in policing. Boud (talk) 14:19, 9 July 2024 (UTC)

 * AFP photos are subject to speedy deletion per WP:F7 as images from a commercial agency. AFP photos do not meet WP:NFCC as using them to illustrate Mohammed Deif directly competes with AFPs commercial usage where they license such images to customers who what to illustrate Mohammed Deif. -- Whpq (talk) 14:24, 9 July 2024 (UTC)

Non-free photos of non-free cover art
Are two copyright licenses and non-free use rationales needed for photos of non-free cover art like File:Midnight Mass, 1981 short fiction collection by Paul Bowles. Black Sparrow Press.jpg in cases where the uploader of the file doesn't appear to be the same person who took the photo? According to c:COM:2D copying, a slavish photo of a piece of cover art is generally not considered creative enough to generate a new copyright for the photo itself under US copyright law; so, in such cases, a non-free use rationale and non-free copyright license for the cover art is all that's needed assuming WP:NFCCP is met. When, however, the photo of the cover art is not really taken "straight on" (as in this particular case), it seems that photo as well might be eligible for copyright protection. This seems to create a situation of "double" non-free content use in which both the photo and the cover art need to be treated as non-free. I guess if the person who took the photo and the uploader of the photo are the same, then it might be construed that the uploader is agreeing to release their work (i.e. the photo) under an acceptable free license by clicking on the "Publish changes" button. How does the NFCC, though, handle cases where the photo was not taken by the uploader? Is it OK to assume that the photo is also implicitely covered by the license and rationale provided for the cover art? Does there need to be a separate license (and rationale) for the photo? Should such a photo be considered a violation of WP:FREER because someone could take a photo of the cover art and agree to release it under an acceptable free license?FWIW, I've seen examples of photos of non-free product labels/packaging uploaded with a non-free license and non-free content use rationale being provided for the label/packaging, but an additional free license being provided for the photo. So, I'm wondering if the same sort of thing applies to photos of cover art as well. -- Marchjuly (talk) 00:28, 10 July 2024 (UTC)
 * I'm going to add File:Language, Introductory Readings.png as another example. This file was recently uploaded and comes from ebay. The photographed cover art seems to be too simple to be eligible for copyright protection, but the photo of the cover might be eligible for copyright protection. If that's really the case, then this would seem to fail WP:FREER. -- Marchjuly (talk) 02:46, 11 July 2024 (UTC)
 * Having a second license to cover the photo of a piece of copyright art is reasonable, particularly if that second license is a free use license, such that when the copyrighted item goes out of copyright, then the photo of it leaves non-free territory.
 * In the case of the book photo, the fact that it is presented in a 3D manner means that should not be considered a mechanical copy of the book cover. So the mechanical duplication is not there, and there is potential copyright on that picture atop the cover art of the book. So a second license is essential there. Now, that license really should be free, because if not, then the freer option is just the straight on shot of the book cover.
 * The Language book is where it is probably better to use the book cover image and I see various different ones out there, not limited to that edition of the book. M asem (t) 05:17, 11 July 2024 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the input. Do you think non-free photos of book cover art are eligible for speedy deletion per WP:F7 or should be discussed at FFD? The two files I mentioned above do seem to have FREER issues only because they're not straight-on photos, which would seem to mean they're reasonably replaceable with a straight photo showing only the cover. -- Marchjuly (talk) 06:19, 11 July 2024 (UTC)
 * Unless we're talking a rare book where there's no expectation of a digital scan, then yes, I would agree that they probably should be deleted. M asem (t) 12:05, 11 July 2024 (UTC)
 * That's about where I land. Probably the easiest thing is to just upload a straight-on to replace it and speedy it unused. (And yeah, hypothetically if there is no freer alternative and it's sufficiently rare, then sure, an image of a book against a neutral background  doesn't inherently meet the threshold of creativity just because it's rotated about the vertical axis.) Feoffer (talk) 13:21, 11 July 2024 (UTC)
 * I always look to locate the oldest possible edition. Ideally the 1st edition for book covers, but in this case the oldest that I could locate anywhere was the 2nd edition book cover already cited by @Marchjuly above. Iljhgtn (talk) 23:56, 11 July 2024 (UTC)
 * Hi . Thanks for clarifying things. The problem is not really related to the particular edition of the book shown in the photo, but rather the copyright status of the photo itself. The cover seems too simple to be eligible for copyright protection under US copyright law, and a straight-on photo or scan of the cover could be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons under a c:Template:PD-simple, c:Template:PD-scan or c:Template:PD-text license because it would be considered a slavish (i.e. mechanical or faithful) 2D reproduction of the cover that lacks sufficient creative input to estabish a separate copyright for the photo.The photo you uploaded, however, is not taken straight-on but shows 3D aspects of the cover, and this means there's a really good chance that the photo is in and of itself is eligible for copyright protection separately from the cover art. If, therefore, the only reason for the file you uploaded needing to be treated as non-free content is the photo, then that would be a failure of WP:NFCC (WP:FREER). This is because someone else could either create a faithful 2D reproduction of the cover and upload it to use instead of this or any non-free image of the cover, or they could take their own 3D photo of the cover and release their photo under an acceptable free license. Since only the copyright loader can release their work under the type of free licenses that Wikipedia accepts, and the photographer who takes a photo is, in principle, considered to be the copyright holder of said photo, a free license for the photo can't be added with verifying the WP:CONSENT of its copyright holder. So, unless you yourself took the photo and agree to release the photo under a free license, I don't see how Wikipedia can keep this file with WP:VRT verification. Do you know whether this is just a different cover of the same book? How about this or this? They might not be covers from the same edition as the one you uploaded, but they might be better options from a Wikipedia non-free content use policy standpoint if they're the same book because they're "freer" in terms of copyright encumberment. -- Marchjuly (talk) 00:36, 12 July 2024 (UTC)
 * @Marchjuly The examples that you linked to show the same book, but different, later, editions. I have no problem with you or someone else uploading one of those instead. I could not find the first edition, and so if the second edition which I uploaded is not permitted then we should just use one of the examples you linked to. Iljhgtn (talk) 00:41, 12 July 2024 (UTC)
 * Does either of you think that one of the other cover images I linked to above could be used instead of this non-free one? One looks pretty much like a scan, but it does look different from the file that was uploaded. The other two are bascially the same as the one that was uploaded with only differences in color. These two are photos but they're pretty straight on and look like they could be easily cropped if needed (much in the same way a frame is cropped out of a photo of a painting when needed). -- Marchjuly (talk) 00:36, 12 July 2024 (UTC)
 * They are different editions, that is why their color is different. I try for the oldest possible edition normally, ideally the 1st edition, but that is not always available. Iljhgtn (talk) 00:42, 12 July 2024 (UTC)
 * Given that from what I can see theres only minor variations in the cover outside text and colors for at least the first few editions, I don't think we need to be married to trying to use the earliest if we are dealing with a poor photo against a digital scan. The cover's too simple for copyright, so a straight on shot of any edition that conveys that cover info is sufficient. — M asem (t) 03:15, 12 July 2024 (UTC)

Why did you upload File:The Last of Chéri.png as non-free? If it was first published prior to January 1, 1929, then there's a good chance that it's already within the public domain simply due to its age. In addition, the covere is pretty much nothing more than text on a light green background, and neither of thsse things are typically considered sufficiently creative to warrant copyright protection. So, if the only reason you've uploaded this as non-free is because of the photo and because you found it online, then as explained above that can be a problem per WP:FREER. You also uploaded File:Chéri (novel) book cover.png and File:Lateness (book).jpg as non-free but as you can see both re-licensed as PD. It's a mistake to assume that a book cover automatically needs to be treated as non-free just because it's a book cover. It's safe and simple to do so perhaps, but not always necessary. It's great that your looking for and uploading book cover art to add to Wikipedia articles, but some of these probably can be safely uploaded to Commons, which would make them much easier to use by other WMF projects. -- Marchjuly (talk) 04:49, 12 July 2024 (UTC)

 * True enough, but if I upload them as non-free, which in many cases is true, then it is safe for that single instance of upload. Someone can find the file elsewhere on their own if they would like. I am only uploading for the single instance of a single book in each case, and though some of the images may be PD, that is not where I found them, so I am uploading it is non-free which still makes the image permissible for the infobox usage of a book. Iljhgtn (talk) 04:55, 12 July 2024 (UTC)
 * File:The Law of Civilization and Decay.png is another example. If the book The Law of Civilization and Decay was first published in 1895, then it's almost a 100% certaintly that the book (including its cover art) is no longer eligible for copyright protection and is within the public domain. It seems you might be sacrificing a bit of accurancy in favor of expediency when it comes to uploading files. Uploading clearly public domain content as non-free content when you might not know better is something that can perhas be understood, particulary for those not regularly uploading files; however, doing so when you strongly suspect the cover to be PD and aren't total newbie when it comes to uploading files is not really helpful (at least not in my opinion). In those cases where you kind of think it might be PD but perhaps aren't sure, you can always ask for opinions at WP:MCQ or even c:COM:VPC. Others shouldn't have to find a PD file elsewehere and upload it to Commons just because you uploaded the same file locally to Wikipedia as as non-free. If you don't want to upload such files to Commons yourself, upload them locally to Wikipedia, tagged them with Copy to Wikimedia Commons, and someone else will move them to Commons.Just for refernce, there's nothing in Wikipedia's non-free content use policy that states non-free content can only be used once; policy only states non-free content needs have a valid use in at least one article. A non-free book cover can, therefore, be used more than once as long as each of its uses satisfies relevant policy. Primary identification of the book itself in a stand-alone article about the book is, in principle, considered the best policy-compliant way to use a non-free book cover, but that doesn't mean it's the only way the file can be used.-- Marchjuly (talk) 05:15, 12 July 2024 (UTC)
 * Non-free content has to be used minimally. That is actually one of the justifications or explanations in the form you fill out when you upload that content. The PD content though should be uploaded another way, I have just never really uploaded content other than as non-free (when there might be an issue of copyright), because then no one can worry that the content might be protected. Usually when I used to upload images earlier on people would be concerned about the copyright more than anything else, so in this manner I haven't ever really gotten a complaint until now. Iljhgtn (talk) 05:21, 12 July 2024 (UTC)
 * Yet another example just uploaded is File:The Law (Bastiat book).png for the 1850 book The Law (Bastiat book). The technical process of upoading any file is pretty much the same regardless of its copyright status. You can use WP:UPLOAD and Special:Upload for public domain and freely licensed content just as easily as you can use them for non-free content. You just need to choose something other than a non-free license when uploading the file. You can even upload a file as non-free and then convert it to PD license if you want. Once again, uploading everything as non-free is safe for sure, but it's not really necessarily it each and every case. It's also probably not something that someone who regulary is uploading files and seem to have a good understanding of file copyright licensing should (at least in my opinion) be doing. -- Marchjuly (talk) 05:32, 12 July 2024 (UTC)
 * Better safe than sorry. My experience has been to always err on the conservative side with file uploading. 99 times out of 100 if someone has a problem with your upload, it is because of copyright not concerns, not that it was uploaded too restrictively. I do understand what you're saying though, so for the books that are 1800's era, I will look at uploading as PD. Iljhgtn (talk) 05:41, 12 July 2024 (UTC)
 * I followed your direction for this next one The Leavenworth Case. Iljhgtn (talk) 06:18, 12 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia talk:Non-free content


text: Talk:Delaware State University

title: Talk:Delaware State University