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Hamburger Kunsthalle

The Hamburger Kunsthalle is the art museum of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, Germany. It is one of the largest art museums in the country. It consists of three connected buildings, dating from 1869 (main building), 1921 (Kuppelsaal) and 1997 (Galerie der Gegenwart), located in the Altstadt district between the Hauptbahnhof (central train station) and the two Alster lakes.

The name Kunsthalle indicates the museum's history as an 'art hall' when it was founded in 1850. Today, it houses one of the few art collections in Germany that cover seven centuries of European art, from the Middle Ages to the present day. Its permanent collections focus on North German painting of the 14th century, paintings by Dutch, Flemish and Italian artists of the 16th and 17th centuries, French and German drawings and paintings of the 19th century, and international modern and contemporary art.

History
The museum collection traces its origin to 1849, when it was initially established by the Hamburg Kunstverein, which was founded in 1817. The collection opened to the public a year later as the Städtische Gallerie (municipal painting gallery).

The collection grew quickly, and it soon became necessary to provide a suitable building. The original red-brick Kunsthalle building was constructed from 1863 to 1869. It was designed by architects Georg Theodor Schirrmacher and Hermann von der Hude, and financed largely through private donations.

The Kunsthalle's first director was the art historian and educator Alfred Lichtwark (1852–1914). His successor during the interwar period was Gustav Pauli. He oversaw the completion of the Kuppelsaal (domed-hall) extension, the museum's first annex, designed by Fritz Schumacher and erected between 1914 and 1921.

In 1994, a painting of the Kunsthalle was involved in the so-called Frankfurt art theft. While on loan to the Kunsthalle Schirn in Frankfurt, the painting Nebelschwaden by Caspar David Friedrich was stolen. After negotiations with the thieves, a lawyer bought back the painting; when the Kunsthalle refused to pay him the agreed "consideration", he sued and won.

In 1997, the museum opened the Galerie der Gegenwart building, an extension of 5600 sqm that was designed by Cologne architect Oswald Mathias Ungers and that is dedicated to the Kunsthalle's contemporary art collections. The cubic building sits on a monolithic base at a prominent location in close proximity to the Binnenalster.

Collections
The Kunsthalle is divided into four different sections: the Gallery of Old Masters, the Gallery of 19th-century Art, the Gallery of Classical Modernism, and the Gallery of Contemporary Art.

The highlights of the collection include the medieval alters of Master Bertram and Master Francke, 17th-century Dutch paintings, works of early to mid 19th-century German Romanticism, and collections of impressionism and classic modernism. The Kunsthalle is also known for its international contemporary art collections and exhibitions, which include post-1950 Pop Art, conceptual art, video art and photography.

Old Masters
The Old Masters Collection shows works by Bartel Beham, Bernardo Bellotto, Lucas Cranach the Younger, Master Francke, Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes, Johann Georg Hinz, Jan Massys, Giambattista Pittoni, Rembrandt Harmensz van Rijn, Peter Paul Rubens, Jacob Isaacksz van Ruisdael and Giovanni Battista Tiepolo, among others.

19th-century art
The Gallery of 19th-century Art shows work by Carl Blechen, Arnold Böcklin, Gustave Courbet, Edgar Degas, Anselm Feuerbach, Caspar David Friedrich, Jean-Léon Gérôme, Wilhelm Leibl, Max Liebermann, Édouard Manet, Adolph Menzel, Claude Monet, Auguste Rodin and Philipp Otto Runge, among others.

Modern art
The Classical Modernism gallery shows works by Francis Bacon, Max Beckmann, Lovis Corinth, James Ensor, Max Ernst, Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Paul Klee, Oskar Kokoschka, Paula Modersohn-Becker, Edvard Munch, Emil Nolde and Pablo Picasso, among others.

Contemporary art
The Gallery of Contemporary Art shows works by Joseph Beuys, Tracey Emin, David Hockney, Rebecca Horn, Ilya Kabakov, On Kawara, Yves Klein, Kitty Kraus, Robert Morris, Hermann Nitsch, George Segal, Richard Serra, Franz Erhard Walther, and Andy Warhol, among others.

Temporary exhibitions
The Hamburg Kunsthalle continuously carries out temporary exhibitions on contemporary and historic art, in addition to its constant rotation of temporary exhibitions. Yearly there are on average 20 special exhibitions.

 * 2002: Miron Schmückle. Fountains of Joy. Improved Formula
 * 2010–2011: Cosmos Runge. The Dawn of Romanticism
 * 2011–2012: Max Liebermann. Pioneer of Modern Art
 * 2012–2013: Giacometti. The Playing Fields
 * 2013–2014: Serial Attitudes, Repetition as an artistic method since the 1960s
 * 2013–2014: Alfred Flechtheim.com, Art Dealer of the Avant-Garde
 * 2014–2015: ars viva Prize for Fine Arts
 * 2014–2015: Max Beckmann. The Still Lifes
 * 2014–2015: Feuerbach's Muses — Lagerfeld's Models
 * 2014–2016: SPOT ON, Masterpieces from the Hamburger Kunsthalle
 * 2015–2016: Nolde in Hamburg
 * 2023–2024: Caspar David Friedrich

Nazi looted art controversies
In December 2023, the museum received public criticism for its response to a restitution claim by the family of Holocaust victim Robert Graetz concerning Paula Modersohn-Becker's painting Girl's Head. Listed for more than twenty years on the German Lost Art Foundation's website, the painting passed through the Nazi art dealer Konrad Doebbeke and was gifted to the museum by Doebbeke's widow. The museum director Alexander Klar rejected the claim stating, "It is simply not clear whether this work is the one that hung in the Robert Graetz collection.

title: Hamburger Kunsthalle


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Free Stater

The term Free Stater may refer to:

 * Free-Stater (Kansas), (antislavery) settlers in Kansas Territory in the 1850s
 * Free Stater (Ireland), those in Ireland who supported the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921
 * A term informally used by some people in Northern Ireland to refer to residents of the Republic of Ireland
 * A participant in the Free State Project

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Free Stater


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1971–72 South African cricket season

This article is a review of the 1971–72 South African cricket season.

Honours

 * Currie Cup – Transvaal
 * Gillette Cup – Eastern Province

Events
The 1971–72 South African cricket season was the first one following the isolation placed on South African cricket as a result of the apartheid policies practised by the South African Government.

A scheduled tour by England to South Africa had been cancelled and so the South African Cricket Association decided on 23 January to extend the Currie Cup, which had nearly been completed, to a full round of home and away matches. A proposed tour of Australia late in 1971-72 was in doubt, and was later called off, and the prospects of future international cricket looked unlikely.

In the event, a tour by the New Zealand women's cricket team in 1971-72 proved to be the last official international cricket that South Africa would play until the apartheid laws were repealed.

title: 1971–72 South African cricket season


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Lawn Bowls at the 2006 Commonwealth Games

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was KEEP. -Splash 07:06, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

Lawn Bowls at the 2006 Commonwealth Games
The entire text of the article is "Rodney Anderson will be at the 2010 Lawn Bowls Tournament." Which is interesting, because the article claims to be about the 2006 games. Besides, that sort of inormation belongs here. Delete-ify - Che Nuevara, the Democratic Revolutionary 18:38, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Australia-related deletions.  --Cyberjunkie | Talk 12:30, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - unencyclopedic JoJan 19:08, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn --Dysepsion 21:18, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * It is certainly worth deleting in its current format. However there is certainly potential here for an encyclopedic article as lawn bowls is one of the sports being played at the 2006 Commonwealth Games see and representing your country at the Commonwealth Games is the highest profile one can achieve as a bowls player. I will have a go at cleaning this up Capitalistroadster 00:31, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I have rewritten the article so that it refers to the 2006 lawn bowls competition. There is verifiable information about this event available and is contained in the article. Capitalistroadster 02:07, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak Keep With the rewtite, the article nelongs in Wikipedia, but I'm less certain if that should be as a separate article or as a section of a broader one. Caerwine 20:17, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep per precedent at Olympic Games. Sam Vimes 22:45, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Very strong keep -- The Commonwealth Games is the single top event in bowls and precedent was set at the Olympics for "sport at event'''. --OntarioQuizzer 03:31, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep--Cyberjunkie | Talk 12:30, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. This serves no purpose now; I would not object to it being recreated after (or soon before, when other facts than the venue are clear) the 2006 games. It may be worth keeping some of the information for an article on the venue - which would be notable. Ambi 13:42, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * National squads have already started to be announced for the event. I've posted the Canadian team to the article. Hopefully this convinces others of the article's notability at the present time. --OntarioQuizzer 14:59, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep There is a fair amount of information included now which can only be added to as the Games draw nearar and actually take place and which will of much use to anyone interested in the 2006 C Games and the C Games in general. There is certainly no need to delete the articel now just to recreate it later as this may result in a loss of some of the information. Evil Eye 22:01, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep --Scott Davis Talk 05:09, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Cuban rock

Rock and roll music was introduced in Cuba in the late 1950s, with many Cuban artists of the time covering American songs translated into Spanish, as was occurring in Mexico at the same time. "The Batista police never looked kindly on Rock and Roll, and much less after the screening of films like Rebel Without a Cause and The Bad Seed, among others. After 1959, Rock and Roll followed the same path, although artists like Argentinean Luis Aguile emerged."

When Cuba and the United States broke relations, some people considered rock "the music of the enemy, the language of the enemy". Then, there was the time of the Cold War, the Bay of Pigs, the Cuban Missile Crisis and the uprising of armed bands throughout the country. Nevertheless, rock continued to be played. And though it didn't have a good reputation, it was tolerated. And though somehow its performers were considered to have a deviant ideology, many groups continued playing the genre. Among these were included Los Vampiros and Los Satélites. These bands were composed of black people and had a style similar to that of Limbo Rock in the United States. This was the origin of street rock. And the situation continued like that until 1965.

Salvador Terry's Los Vampiros and Los Satélites helped keep Cuban rock alive and showed that black and mixed race people also loved it. From 1961 to 1964, they made people put aside the old quarrels and misunderstandings that rock was the music of high life of the white majority.

Today, all the manifestations and subgenres of rock are performed in the underground environment are interpreted, no matter how atypical they are.

The 1950s
The strong influence of American music on the younger Cuban generations paved the way for the introduction of rock & roll in the island during the 1950s. Many Cuban artists sung versions of American songs translated to Spanish, as it was also happening in Mexico.

One of the first Cuban rock groups, Los Llopis pioneered the use of the electric guitar in Cuba, although electrically-amplified treses were already being played by musicians such as Senén Suárez. The repertoire of Los Llopis consisted of a combination of American and rock pieces, such as "See You Later, Alligator" and "Rock Around the Clock" by the Bill Haley group, with other Cuban and Hispanic pieces like "Goza mi Guaracha", "Maquinolandera" and "La pollera colorá". Los Llopis also succeeded in Spain, where they established their residence for some years and introduced pachanga, a new Cuban rhythm with an influence from the Dominican merengue.

In 1959 Luisito Bravo bursted into the Cuban musical scene with songs such as Neil Sedaka's "Oh Carol" and the Italian song "Tiernamente (Torna a Surriento)" (covered by Elvis Presley as "Surrender", reaching 500,000 record sales by 1961. Other solo artists followed Luisito Bravo, such as Rogelio Sanzarini and Jorge Bauer, as well as groups such as the Satélites of Antonio María Romeu and the Tony Taño band.

The 1960s
The development of Cuban rock was interrupted by the Cuban Revolution. Fidel Castro banned rock music in 1961, for being a corrupt North American influence that didn't belong in the new communist Cuba; a position that ironically was in contradiction with the own liberal vision of Karl Marx with respect to the arts and culture; not to mention that the international rock groups had embraced in general a leftist ideology by then.

Despite this, several rock artists emerged that year. Dany Puga, called the King of Twist, and bands such as Los Diablos Melódicos and Los Enfermos del Rock, as well as Los Halcones of IvanFariñas and Los Huracanes from Marianao. The vocal quartet Los Zafiros was another successful group from the beginning of the sixties. Founded in 1961, it was influenced by the doo-wop style of The Platters, The Diamonds and other American groups, and counted on a repertoire consisting of ballads, calypsos and bossanovas, as well as songs with slow rock and bolero rhythms. One of the most salient traits of the group was the treble voice of the counter-tenor Ignacio Elejalde, supported by Miguel Cancio, Leoncio Morúa and Eduardo Elio Hernández (El chino), as well as by the guitarist Manuel Galbán. The guitarist Franco Laganá, an Italian musician that had participated in the renowned group of Renato Carosone, was an early representative of the music with an American influence in Cuba, during the beginning of the sixties decade.

At that time, the popular group Los Astros (not to be confused with René Álvarez' band), led by the singer and guitarist Raúl Gómez, was threatened by pressures exerted by the Fidel Castro regime over the rock groups, which were considered as a form of "ideological diversionism" and actively opposed in all its manifestations. Its style, strongly influenced by British Invasion groups like the Beatles and the Rolling Stones, was labelled as "deviant" and consequently repressed without any hesitation. Since then, the Revolutionary government of Cuba began to implement an absolute control over all aspects of the Cuban society, including, of course, all cultural expressions. In 1963, Fidel himself delivered a speech at the steps in front of the Havana University, which clearly expressed his contempt and dissatisfaction toward certain manifestations influenced by foreign trends, such as the Elvis Presley ("elvispresliana") music, the tight blue jeans (pitusas), and also homosexuality; thus establishing the official parameters from the regime on that subject:

"... Many of those lazy tramps (pepillos), sons of the bourgeoisie, that roam around with pants that are too tight (laughter); some of them with a guitar in "elvispreslianas" (from Elvis Presley) attitudes, that have gone too far on its venture as to go to public places with the intention of freely organizing their feminine shows.

Do not mistake the serenity of the Revolution and the equanimity of the Revolution for weaknesses of the Revolution. Because our society cannot allow these degenerations (applause). The socialist society cannot allow these degenerations. Youngsters seeking that? No! "crooked grown trees...", the remedy is not that easy. I am not going to say that we are going to apply radical measures against those crooked trees, but aspiring youngsters, no!

There are some theories, I am not a scientist, I am not an expert on this subject (laughter), but I have always observed something: that the countryside didn't give such a subproduct. I have always observed that, and I always keep it in mind.

I am sure that independently from any theory and any investigations in the field of medicine, I understand that there is much related to the environment, much related to the environment and some softening, in this problem. But all of them are related, the hooligan, the tramp, the "elvispresliano", the "pitusa" (tight blue jean) (laughter)."

Los Astros followed the classical format coined by the British groups: Raúl Gómez, leading voice and rhythm guitar, his cousin Luis Gómez, second voice and lead guitar, Marcelo, accompanying voice and sax, and Gerardo López, drums. Its repertoire consisted of American hits from the sixties. During its short existence, the group had to confront numerous adversities and a hostile environment. Eres como el Fuego (You are like fire), their first song broadcast by a radio station in the capital city, was recorded with great difficulties, and therefore the result was of very little audio quality. Los Astros used to play in the radio program Buenas Tardes Juventud, from Radio Marianao. According to Jorge Luis González Suárez: "Those shows also suffered the regime's ban for being considered a form of 'ideological diversion'."

In spite of the political discrepancy between the US and Cuba since 1960; after the closing of the US embassy, and after the country being "invaded from the neighbor at the North" by Cubans opposed to the socialist regime, rock music never stopped to be performed, despite being considered as subversive. After the disintegration of some rock bands, their members formed new ones, as in the case of Los Halcones in the Quinteto Negro, and the Príncipes del Rock in Los Buitres, consisting of Rey Montesinos, Dino Fregio, vocals and guitar and Jorge Calvet Vidales (Coqui), guitarist and leader of the "Orquesta 440".

Already in 1964, other bands imitating the Beatles emerged, such as Los Kent, Los Pacíficos from the Pre-Universitario del Vedado; and then many amateur bands, creating what was called (street rock) "rock de la calle". That way Los Violentos of Reynaldo Montesinos was created. That group was part of the psychedelic show of Maricusa Cabrera and Arístides Pumariega (a famous cartoonist from the Cuban TV and press). In 1969, Los Violentos brought to the group Miguelito and Aimé Cabrera, two singer-dancers of very high artistic quality, thus providing a different image to the audience of the Maricusa Cabrera shows.

Although its members were considered as ideological deviants, many groups continued cultivating this genre. We can include among them Los Vampiros and Los Satélites. Those groups led by Salvador Terry contributed to keep Cuban rock alive and demonstrated that it was appreciated by people from different races. Between 1961 and 1964, they were able to make people leave behind their old misunderstandings, created by those who thought that rock was the music of the high classes and the white majority. These bands were composed of black people and possessed a style similar to the Limbo Rock from the US. That was the origin of "street rock" and it continued until 1965.

Around 1965, the Cuban government implemented a strategy to substitute the foreign products that the young people preferred, with others that better matched their official guidelines; and as a result of this strategy, a new radio program called Nocturno was broadcast in 1966, which initial musical theme was "La chica de la valija" (Girl with a suitcase) from the Italian sax player Fausto Papetti. The program presented modern songs, giving priority to the European repertoire in Spanish language of soloists and groups such as Los Mustang, Los Bravos, Los Brincos, Juan y Junior, Rita Pavone, Massiel, Nino Bravo, Leonardo Fabio, Salvatore Adamo and Raphael, and some Cuban groups as Los Zafiros and Los Dan. The ban against rock music was lifted in 1966, but rock fans continued to be marginalized by the communist establishment, and watched over with suspicion as "counter-revolutionaries".

When the ban was lifted, Los Pacíficos planned to offer a rock concert. They borrowed their instruments and played without a previous rehearsal. The two full hours long concert was recorded. Los Pacíficos paid a high price for their performance, because one of its members, Carlos Avila, was killed in the Angolan war during the sixties. The recording was smuggled out of Cuba during the nineties and published as a remastered album. The Pacíficos won an entry in the John Lennon Songwriting Contest in New York.

The Castro government's attitude towards rock, until recently, was quite negative, although it has varied greatly in severity throughout the regime's existence. During the 1960s and 1970s rock was prohibited, although nueva cancion/nueva trova artists like Silvio Rodríguez and Carlos Varela would sometimes perform rock material. In more recent years, with the re-transition to a tourism-based economy, attitudes of the Castro regime towards rock have softened somewhat, not only towards domestic and Latin American artists but also towards foreign Anglophone artists. Independent the very trouble Quinteto Negro of Ivan Fariñas and Carlos Cory improvised concerts together with The Zafiros and quartet of Meme Solis in Carpas Teatros, other bands as Los Buitres with plays version about music of The Beatles and The Dave Clark Five also played in Carpas. In 1968 other cover bands started such as Dimension Vertical with Oscar Quesada, last drummer of Quinteto Negro and many others; for example Los Kent and Jets in the Vedado Zone.

The 1970s
Rock music began to be heard in Havana during the seventies, in a radio program from Radio Marianao called Buenas Tardes Juventud. That program presented groups such as the Rolling Stones, the Beatles, Dave Clark Five, The Animals, Grand Funk, Rare Earth, Led Zeppelin, Jimi Hendrix, Elvis Presley, Neil Sedaka and Paul Anka. At the beginning of the eighties, that radio station joined Radio Ciudad de La Habana.

Near to the end of the 1970s, guitarist and singer Jorge Martínez created RED, a heavy metal band, in Municipio Playa, and presented his own music mixed with covers. This band put some hits on the radio like Murcielagos, Mako, La nueva historia and Burocracia. Also on TV, the band was co-founder of the legendary "Patio de María" in the late 1980s, and it was active until 1990.

In 1979, a three-day music festival called Havana Jam '79 took place at the Karl Marx Theater, in Havana, Cuba, where a group of rock artists that included Billy Joel and Stephen Stills performed.

The 1980s and 90s
In the 1980s, a heavy metal band called Venus was formed by Roberto Armada in Playa, Havana. They achieved much success and created a headbanger following among the Cuban youth. Punk rock was introduced in Cuba in the late 1980s and gained a cult-type following among a minority of the youth. In 1982 Nilo Núñez formed the rock band called Rhodas in Camagüey. The band had a huge following as well as a number one hit with "Es Amor". Rhodas were active in Cuba until 1996 when they left Cuba for Spain. See A través de los obstáculos by Nilo Núñez and Parche: Enciclopedia del Rock en Cuba by Humberto Manduley.

During the nineties, rock and roll in Cuba was still an underground phenomenon. In Havana, the Ciudad de La Habana radio station presented several programs showing the most recent tendencies on that type of music around the world. Juan Camacho, an old musician and radio host had a morning program called Disco Ciudad. El programa de Ramón was also a successful radio show. Some bands from that period were: Gens, Zeus and Los Tarsons. Despite being perceived as a small underground scene due to official disapproval by the state, Cuban rock since the late 1990s has become a larger phenomenon, with groups such as Burbles, Moneda Dura and Los Kent with Jorge Martínez gaining a new dimension with their guitar performance, more polished sound and musical lead, which broadened their audience. These bands performed rock music on Cuban TV, as well as in concerts and festivals; and since then, the profile of rock music has risen in the island.

The 21st century
In 2001, the Welsh group Manic Street Preachers was invited to perform in Cuba, and Fidel Castro attended its concert along with other government authorities. In 2004, Castro gave a speech honoring the Birthday of John Lennon, whose music, as a member of the Beatles and as a soloist was banned in Cuba for a very long time. In 2000, a bronze statue of Lennon was placed in a well known Havana park, which is now known as John Lennon Park.

At the same time that the government was showing a more indulgent attitude toward the foreign rock groups, as part of an international campaign which purpose was to achieve an opening in the commercial transactions and investments of the US and Europe in Cuba, it continued to implement an inflexible repression against any form of internal dissidence. This was the case of the rocker Gorki Águila and his group Porno para Ricardo. In August 2008, Águila was arrested under charges of dangerousness, a law that allows the authorities to detain people whom they think are likely to commit crimes; even when they have not yet committed them.

More recently, Rick Wakeman, Sepultura and Audioslave performed in Havana, and The Rolling Stones offered a historic concert that has become the most outstanding rock event since the beginning of the Revolutionary period in 1959. Their concert was commemorated in the film Havana Moon.

A new phenomenon occurred in 2013 when several Cuban underground metal bands begin to emigrate to the United States, creating a parallel scene with the bands Agonizer, Escape, Ancestor, Hipnosis, Suffering Tool and Chlover.

Rock festivals in Cuba
Several rock festivals have taken place throughout Cuba.

 * Festival Ciudad-Metal (Santa Clara)
 * Festival Caiman Rock de Ciudad de La Habana (Havana)
 * Festival Ciudad Junto al Mar (Cienfuegos)
 * Festival Rockasol (Cienfuegos)
 * Festival Metal HG (Holguín)
 * Festival Rock de la Loma (Bayamo)
 * Festival Pinar-Fest (Pinar del Río)
 * Festival Rey Metal (Pinar del Río)
 * Festival Atenas Rock (Matanzas)
 * Festín de Zeus (Havana)
 * Festival Rock del Río (San Antonio de los Baños, Havana)
 * 6.6.6 FEST (Havana)
 * Brutal Fest (Havana)

title: Cuban rock


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Live at the Social Volume 1

Live at the Social Volume 1 is a mix album by English big beat duo The Chemical Brothers, released in the UK in May 1996 as its only release. It has also been bootlegged under the album name AuGmEnTeD, which has the same music, but with different song titles.

It is a recording of a live set at The Social, a nightclub in the United Kingdom.

It was released by Heavenly Records (who own the club where the album was recorded), rather than Virgin Records, but both are labels owned by music giant EMI.

It entered the UK compilations chart at number 19.

In 1997, Q ranked the album in their list of "The 10 Best DJ Mix Albums...Ever!".

Track listing

 * 1) The Chemical Brothers – "Introduction" – 0:36
 * 2) Meat Beat Manifesto – "Cutman" – 5:20
 * 3) Davy DMX – "The DMX Will Rock" – 0:49
 * 4) Cash Money and Marvelous – "Mighty Hard Rocker" – 3:43
 * 5) Crooklyn Clan – "Yes, We Can" – 1:57
 * 6) Carlos 'After Dark' Berrios – "Doin' it After Dark (D-Ski's Dance)" – 0:48
 * 7) Tainted Glass – "Can't" – 2:07
 * 8) Eric B & Rakim – "Juice (Know the Ledge) (Main Mix)" – 3:18
 * 9) Red Snapper – "Wesley Don't Surf" – 3:09
 * 10) Lionrock – "Packet of Peace (Chemical Brothers Remix)" – 4:36
 * 11) DJ Who – "PB4UGO2BED" – 3:30
 * 12) Metro L.A. – "To a Nation Rockin'" – 3:42
 * 13) The Chemical Brothers – "Get Up on It Like This" – 5:16
 * 14) Tim 'Love' Lee – "Again Son" – 4:13
 * 15) The Charlatans – "Nine Acre Dust (Chemical Brothers Remix)" – 3:52
 * 16) Funk D'Void – "Jack Me Off" – 5:58
 * 17) Will Web – "Mirrorshades" – 2:42
 * 18) Selectah – "Wede Man (Hoody Mix)" – 4:54
 * 19) Eddie Bo – "We’re Doing It (Thang)" – 3:02

title: Live at the Social Volume 1


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Waterbug

Waterbug or water bug can refer to any of several things:

True bugs
 * The true water bugs (Nepomorpha), including such insects as giant water bugs, creeping water bugs and backswimmers
 * Various other aquatic true bugs, known collectively as water bugs
 * Heteroptera

Cockroaches
 * The American cockroach, Periplaneta americana
 * The German cockroach, Blattella germanica
 * The Oriental cockroach, Blatta orientalis

Giant Water Bug
 * Belostomatidae

title: Waterbug


text:
Chitlin' Circuit

The Chitlin' Circuit was a collection of performance venues found throughout the eastern, southern, and upper Midwest areas of the United States. They provided commercial and cultural acceptance for African-American musicians, comedians, and other entertainers following the era of venues run by the "white-owned-and-operated Theatre Owners Booking Association (TOBA)...formed in 1921." The Chitlin Circuit sustained black musicians and dancers during the era of racial segregation in the United States from the 1930s through the 1960s.

Etymology
The name derives from the soul food dish chitterlings (boiled pig intestines). It is also a play on the term "Borscht Belt", which referred to particular resort venues (primarily in New York State's Catskill Mountains) very popular with Jewish performers and audiences during the 1940s through the 1960s.

Chitterlings are part of the culinary history of African Americans, who were often limited to the intestines of the pig to eat as opposed to the bacon or ham. Henry Louis Gates Jr. suggests the food symbolized acquiring a taste out of necessity and eventually coming to like it.

The term "Chitlin' Circuit" did not appear in print until a 1972 article on Ike & Tina Turner in The Chicago Defender. In the 21st century, the term is applied to the venues, especially in the South, where contemporary African-American blues singers such as Bobby Rush, Denise LaSalle, and O.B. Buchana continue to appear regularly.

Contemporary use
Ebony magazine prefers the term "urban theater circuit" for recent work like that of playwright and actor Tyler Perry. In a January 2004 interview with Perry, the genre's leading practitioner, Ebony wrote his work marked "a new chapter in the urban theater circuit as a whole—a genre that has been dogged by criticism from some Blacks in the traditional theater. Perry, as the most visibly recognized player in the circuit, has felt the brunt of this criticism." "They say that Tyler Perry has set the Black race back some 500 years with these types of "Chitlin' Circuit" shows. The problem with the naysayers is that they don't take the opportunity to see my shows,' Perry argued. "With my shows, I try to build a bridge that marries what's deemed 'legitimate theater' and so-called 'chitlin' circuit theater,' and I think I've done pretty well with that, in bringing people in to enjoy a more elevated level of theater.

Origins
Leading figures in establishing the Chitlin' Circuit were the Black Indianapolis entrepreneurs Sea and Denver D. Ferguson. After the collapse of the Theatre Owners Booking Association (TOBA) in 1930, the Ferguson brothers drew on bandleader and influential columnist Walter Barnes and his contacts to bring top Black entertainers to Indianapolis in the 1930s. When their businesses' licenses were revoked in 1940, they opened Ferguson Brothers, a booking agency, which grew rapidly and became the most powerful Black-owned talent agency in the country. They helped various orchestras, bands, and vaudeville shows book gigs, including Jay McShann, King Kolax, Tiny Bradshaw, Roosevelt Sykes, Claude Trenier, the Bama State Collegians, Carolina Cotton Pickers, Snookum Russell, Milton Larkin, Clarence Love, Gene Pope, and the International Sweethearts of Rhythm, and organised tours around the South playing to Black audiences. Musician Sax Kari described Denver Ferguson as "the man who invented the chitlin’ circuit".

Reach
The Chitlin' Circuit was primarily by, for, and about black people. There are discrepancies among different sources about when the Circuit peaked, whether it was the 1930s, after World War II, or during the heyday of the blues. Several definitive books reviewed on NPR's Fresh Air have recognized "the names and careers of men and women – and, yes, some of the toughest of these people were women – who ran bars, booking agencies and clubs, where traveling musicians could come into a black community, play, make money and go to the next town."

The exclusionary systems of racial segregation necessitated the creation of a touring circuit for numerous African American, then Negro or Colored, musicians to make a living in U.S. cities from Indianapolis, Indiana and Clarksdale, Mississippi to "unlikely places like North Dakota and Minnesota" and more: "[V]enues ranged from rudimentary juke joints in rural areas to nightclubs, restaurants, and higher-end theaters in larger cities. For decades, the circuit was strongly associated with blues, jazz, rock, and soul musicians and singers such as Billie Holiday, B.B. King, Denise LaSalle, and James Brown. Entertainers felt they had “made it” if they performed at one of the highly coveted venues: Atlanta’s Royal Peacock, Baltimore’s Royal Theater, Chicago’s Regal Theater, Detroit’s Paradise Theatre, Harlem’s Apollo Theater, and Washington, D.C.’s Howard and Lincoln Theaters."The Chitlin' Circuit "eventually brought about the birth of rock 'n' roll" in the 1950s as the Civil Rights Movement emerged.

Notable venues
Noted theaters, nightclubs, and dance halls on the Chitlin' Circuit included: Seasonal venues included the still-standing auditorium at John Brown's Farm (also known as "the Kennedy Farm") outside Sharpsburg, Maryland; Carr's and Sparrow's Beach in Anne Arundel County, Maryland; and Rosedale Beach in Millsboro, Delaware.
 * Annapolis, Maryland: Carr's Beach
 * Atlanta, Georgia: The Royal Peacock, originally The Top Hat
 * Austin, Texas: The Victory Grill
 * Baltimore, Maryland: The Royal Theatre
 * Bay St. Louis, Mississippi: The 100 Men Hall
 * Beaumont, Texas: The Raven Club
 * Birmingham, Alabama: The Carver Theatre
 * Bowling Green, Kentucky: The Quanset
 * Chicago, Illinois: Robert's Show Lounge, Club DeLisa, and the Regal Theatre
 * Detroit, Michigan: Paradise Theater, The Fox Theatre, Henry's Palace
 * Dothan, Alabama: Club Capri
 * Eatonville, Florida: Club Eaton
 * Gaithersburg, Maryland: The Du-Drop Inn, Emory Grove
 * Harlem, New York: Cotton Club, Smalls Paradise, and the Apollo Theater
 * Hobson City, Alabama: The Men's Club, Holloway's Night Club
 * Hopkinsville, Kentucky: The Skylark and The Chesterfield
 * Indianapolis, Indiana: The Madam C. J. Walker Theatre
 * Jacksonville, Florida: The Ritz Theatre
 * Lebanon, Kentucky: Club Cherry
 * Lexington, Kentucky: The Lyric Theatre
 * Little Rock, Arkansas: Dreamland Ballroom
 * Memphis, Tennessee: The Hippodrome, Club Handy, Club Paradise
 * Norfolk, Virginia: Attucks Theatre "The Apollo of the South"
 * Pensacola, Florida: Abe's 506 Club
 * Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Uptown Theatre
 * Phoenix, Arizona: Calderon Ballroom
 * Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: New Granada
 * Prichard, Alabama: The Harlem Duke Social Club
 * Richmond, Virginia: The Hippodrome Theatre
 * Rochester, New York: The Pythodd Room on Clarissa Street
 * San Antonio, Texas: Eastwood Country Club, Keyhole Club (1619 West Poplar)
 * Smithville, Texas: West End Park
 * St. Petersburg, Florida: The Manhattan Casino
 * Taylor, Texas: Chicken Shack, Hidalgo Park & One Acre Club
 * Tampa, Florida: The Blue Note
 * Tallahassee, Florida: The Red Bird Café
 * Tulsa, Oklahoma: The Big 10 Ballroom
 * Waco, Texas: Walker's Auditorium
 * Washington, D.C.: Howard Theatre

According to Ruth Brown, an artist needed to play at four specific theaters to prove they had made it: the Regal in Chicago, the Howard in Washington D.C., the Uptown in Philadelphia, and the Apollo in New York City. This was called the "litchman chain".

The song "Tuxedo Junction" was written about a stop along the Chitlin' Circuit in Birmingham. Once the performance was over, the band would leave for the next stop on the circuit. After composing the music, Erskine Hawkins explained the reason for the title to Buddy Feyne, who created lyrics to express the concept.

Notable performers
Notable 20th-century performers who worked on the Chitlin' Circuit included:

 * Albert King
 * Aretha Franklin
 * B.B. King
 * Billie Holiday
 * Bobby "Blue" Bland
 * Bobby Rush
 * Cab Calloway
 * Count Basie
 * Diana Ross and The Supremes
 * Dionne Warwick
 * Dorothy Dandridge
 * Duke Ellington
 * Ella Fitzgerald
 * Etta James
 * Fats Domino
 * Flip Wilson
 * Freddy King
 * Gladys Knight & the Pips
 * Howlin' Wolf
 * Ike & Tina Turner
 * Jackie Wilson
 * James Brown & The Famous Flames
 * Jay McShann
 * Jimi Hendrix
 * Joe Tex
 * John Lee Hooker
 * Johnnie Taylor
 * Lena Horne
 * Little Richard
 * Little Milton
 * Louis Jordan
 * Lucky Millinder
 * Marvin Gaye & Tammi Terrell
 * Moms Mabley
 * Muddy Waters
 * Nona Hendryx
 * Otis Redding
 * Patti LaBelle (and Labelle)
 * Peg Leg Bates
 * Ray Charles
 * Redd Foxx
 * Richard Pryor
 * Roosevelt Sykes
 * Roy Hamilton
 * Rudy Ray Moore
 * Sam Cooke
 * Sammy Davis, Jr.
 * Soul Children
 * Teddy Wilson
 * The Dramatics
 * The Four Tops
 * The Isley Brothers
 * The Jackson 5
 * The Miracles
 * The Temptations
 * Tiny Bradshaw
 * Tyrone Davis
 * Willie Hightower
 * Wilson Pickett

Mississippi Blues Trail marker
A historic marker designated by the Mississippi Blues Commission on the Mississippi Blues Trail was placed in front of the 100 Men Hall in Bay St. Louis, Mississippi. The 100 Men Hall is one of the rare still standing, still active blues venues on the trail. The second historic marker designated by the Mississippi Blues Commission on the Mississippi Blues Trail was placed in front of the Southern Whispers Restaurant on Nelson Street in Greenville, Mississippi, a stop on the Chitlin' Circuit in the early days of the blues. The marker commemorates the importance of this site in the history of the blues in Mississippi. In the 1940s and 1950s, this historic strip drew crowds to the flourishing club scene to hear Delta blues, big band, jump blues, and jazz.

Musical references

 * 1976: The Kudzu Band – Chitlin' Circuit
 * 1995: Wentus Blues Band – Chitlin' Circuit
 * 2005: North Carolina hip-hop group Little Brother named their mixtape Chittlin Circuit 1.5
 * 2024: Beyoncé references Chitlin' Circuit in her song 'Ya Ya' from her album 'Cowboy Carter.'

title: Chitlin' Circuit


text:
Marco St. John

Marco St. John (born Marco John Figueroa, Jr.; May 7, 1939) is an American actor who has appeared in films and television programs. He is known for his role as the horny truck driver in the 1991 film Thelma & Louise and for playing Sheriff Tucker in the 1985 horror film Friday the 13th: A New Beginning.

Early life
St. John was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, the son of Iris (née Davidson) and Marco Juan Figueroa, Sr.

Career
He has had many TV roles, starred in many TV-films and had roles on soap operas. He starred on Search for Tomorrow in 1975 as Joey Kimball, as Paul Stewart in 1969-70 on As the World Turns and in All My Children.

St. John made guest appearances on TV programs such as Naked City, Route 66, Bonanza, Gunsmoke and Walker, Texas Ranger.

title: Marco St. John


text: Template:Crash Bandicoot

title: Template:Crash Bandicoot


text:
Talk:Stars named after people

Untitled
We need to choose whether this is List Of Stars... or just Stars.... I vote Stars....

Alternative Point of View
I have tried to remove some of the "astronomer bias" out of this article. The fact remains that commercial star naming companies disclaim association with the scientific community and inform consumers that star naming is a novelty gift. Informed consumers make the purchase anyway. This is a controversial subject where only the astronomers view is being provided. I have tried to temper the astronomers bias out of this controversy. My edits should stand. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Glennconti (talk • contribs) 14:38, 15 June 2010 (UTC)

This article states a fact the there are star naming companies. Then goes on only to provide a one sided "astronomers" opinion on that star naming. I have tried multiple times to add also an industry position that is non-advertising but by its nature shows a positive side to commercial star naming. "man with two legs" keeps reverting my edits no mater how benign. He wants to only show the astronomer's opinion. It is wrong. I think information from this non-advertisement industry informed editorial should also be included. http://www.starnamer.net/editorial.html

Glennconti (talk) 11:11, 16 June 2010 (UTC)

 * Your talk page indicates a likely conflict of interest in your edits. --Killing Vector (talk) 11:37, 16 June 2010 (UTC)

I am only trying to establish a NPOV for the article http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view Glennconti (talk) 12:01, 16 June 2010 (UTC)

As an alternative I have found the following astronomer's research which also supports my claim that the public wants to name stars even when well informed about the astronomers dim view of commercial star naming. http://www.delscope.demon.co.uk/information/namingstars.htm#surveyres Glennconti (talk) 01:18, 19 June 2010 (UTC)

 * OK, this is beginning to get silly. An unscientific internet poll is not a reliable source. --Killing Vector (talk) 01:29, 19 June 2010 (UTC)

 * How else would all these star naming companies exist? You are either being disingenuous in denying that there is substantial consumer demand or you are being patronizing as concerns the star buying consumer. They are informed, there's lots of them, they are not stupid and they don't care what astronomer's think. However you just want to keep promulgating the lie that they are just stupid victims. How could they possibly want to name a star when the all knowing astronomer has told them they can't? Well they still do. Get over it. Am Invoking WP:IAR Glennconti (talk) 02:15, 19 June 2010 (UTC)

Scam
I have added a section on commercial "star naming". My original source for the comment on astonomers not revealing the truth was an article I read some years ago, almost certainly in Sky and Telescope magazine. Man with two legs 11:29, 8 August 2006 (UTC)

I can attest (Original research, oh noes!!) that an amateur astronomer well-known by his fellows here in New Mexico told me pretty much the same thing; that star-naming companies maintain their own catalogues, which are not officially recognized. An uncle of mine died young, and his sisters bought a star-name in his honor, and my mom asked this astronomer to find it for her. By the way, star-naming companies are mentioned at two different points in the article. --205.201.141.146 16:08, 7 June 2007 (UTC)

 * deadlyroads.com: "Name A Star in Memory"" seems to be in error. It says:
 * Only the International Astronomical Union officially names stars
 * untrue - IAU might from time to another give a designation to a star, but AFAIK they never name stars, because they think it is impractical and serves no identification purpose. All star names are inofficial, and instead "named" by the astronomers' culture keeping lists of star names in f.ex. N.D. Kostjuk's cross reference table. ... said: Rursus (bork²) 20:46, 26 July 2009 (UTC)

An attempted search suggests that the Sky and Telescope article is Selling Stars by Philip Bagnall, Sky and Telescope, volume 92, number 4, page 6. But this is not currently available online. Man with two legs (talk) 09:55, 10 September 2009 (UTC)

Categorisation
This is in Category:stars and Category:Lists of stars. An editor removed Category:stars and I have restored it. Usually an article should not be in a category and one of its sub categories but I think this is a time to bend the rule (as explicitely allowed in Categorization) because:
 * 1. if you are going to eliminate one, it should be Category:Lists of stars but the subject matter is relevant to people looking up Lists of stars who might not think to look for this article.
 * 2. three categories in total is not a stupidly large number of categories which is the rationale behind the usual rule.
 * 3. the purpose of categorisation according to Categorization is to "help users find information, even if they don't know that it exists or what it's called."

I shall now get on with some work. Man with two legs 09:27, 29 May 2007 (UTC)

Gatewood's star
This name does not appear anywhere except in one science fiction story so this entry has been removed from here. References to this name were added in Lalande 21185 in fiction, Lalande 21185, and in George G. Gatewood. Aldebaran66 (talk) 21:03, 31 May 2009 (UTC)

Citations banner
This list style article has had a Refimprove banner since February, 2009. All of the entries listed are linked to notable articles with extensive citations and references. I am removing this banner unless someone can say specifically what needs to be done to satisfy this purported condition. Aldebaran66 (talk) 01:44, 4 January 2012 (UTC)

Covertly named stars
This section reports "Unknown to Grissom, these stars already had traditional names".... It seems somewhat odd to say that the stars' traditional names were unknown to Grissom, given that the covert names were not applied until after his death in the Apollo 1 fire. I wonder if something else was intended here.... PurpleChez (talk) 15:34, 2 July 2019 (UTC)

Reese's star?
See this article: 2MASS J18082002−5104378. This star seems to be known as Reese's star. Who or what is Reese? DannyCaes (talk) 19:24, 4 January 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Stars named after people


text:
Talk:Public health surveillance

started
I started the site on clinical surveillance: it is a word increasingly occuring in medicine, I have put up a first definition, but I am open to debate to get a great wikipedia article that defines what is happening. - unsigned 1

It is a great topic. I've been finding lots of information on it while I was researching surveillance in daycare. - unsigned 2

redirect
I don't know how to do a redirect, but may I propose that the search term "public health surveillance" redirect to this article? That's how I got here, and as a public health informatics student, the two terms seem closely related enough to me to make a redirect work. Museumfreak 19:21, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the suggestion. I've implemented it. WAS 4.250 19:40, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Thank you for creating the redirect more speedily than I could look up how to do it! Museumfreak 22:58, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

definition of surveillance
I may come back and look at this nice article a little more later when I'm not writing a paper, in particular grammar fairying it as I think it was written by someone whose first language is not English, but for the moment let me also suggest that you define surveillance as something other than the act of surveilling because that doesn't do anything towards making the term more clear for someone who doesn't understand what surveilling is in the first place. Museumfreak 19:46, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Thank you for your suggestion regarding definition of surveillance! When you feel an article needs improvement, please feel free to make whatever changes you feel are needed. Wikipedia is a wiki, so anyone can edit any article by simply following the  link at the top. You don't even need to log in! (Although there are some reasons why you might like to...) The Wikipedia community encourages you to be bold. Don't worry too much about making honest mistakes—they're likely to be found and corrected quickly. If you're not sure how editing works, check out how to edit a page, or use the sandbox to try out your editing skills.  New contributors are always welcome. WAS 4.250 22:36, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm going to write a definition of surveillance based on the one here: []. I do plan to do these edits, it's just that I'm too busy to do them right now, so I'm suggesting them for the moment so I remember to come back. Museumfreak 22:58, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

Clinical sousveillance as a legitimate term (NPOV)
While I don't necessarily take up the "must be used in the mass media" opinion on Wikipedia, I am a little concerned about the fact that Google only reveals Clinical Sousveillance used in a small subgroup of bloggers who all read each other. Please see Wikipedia:Talk:Sousveillance for more details about this controversy. While sousveillance may have gained currency, I highly doubt that clinical sousveillance has, and certainly not as a medical term in the way that it is being used in this article. I'm seeking opinions on whether this should be removed from the article.Museumfreak 22:58, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Wikipedia needs 1000 times more data on this subject. Please add whatever sourced data you can and trust the process to filter it to its proper place. Or even better, get really involved and create hundreds of needed articles to fully expand the concepts involved here. WAS 4.250 23:12, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Yes, tell me about it. The public health section of Wikipedia is terrible to nonexistent, although perhaps the categories are just bad.  Does Wikipedia have rules for citing sources and a style manual? I've at least edited the first section of the article now.  Museumfreak 23:43, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

 * See H5N1 for an example. See Citing sources for "a style guide, describing how to write citations in articles". See List of guidelines for an overall guide list and Manual of Style for a style manual. Good luck. Oh, and our most important rule is BE BOLD. WAS 4.250 04:45, 16 May 2006 (UTC)

Categorization in this article (NPOV: Proposal to fork article)
Okay, I have to take issue with the entire second half of this article being put in the article. My first urge is to delete it, but I won't. The first two paragraphs of the article are fine, the See Also section is fine, the references are fine. I wasn't going to because I know I am relatively new to Wikipedia, but I think I'm going to have to call WP:NPOV on this.

I'm not a PHS expert, first of all: I won't take my course in it for another year. Ironically, I'm much more an expert in the kinds of issues that the concept of sousveillance gets at. I think it's fine to present SOME of the material presented in the later part of the article under the rubric of "resistance to clinical surveillance" or "some people disagree and this is how they act," but if you run a Google Test, or maybe more importantly look at actual books (like the public health surveillance chapter of Public Health Informatics & Information Systems, eds O'Carroll, Yasnoff, Ward et al) or attend lectures by people important in the field, as I have, you're not going to hear anything about any of this. If you know my own work, you'll know I'm a big fan of resistance and culture jamming and concepts like sousveillance. But this is an encyclopedia. We can't do original research, regardless of my biases or the original poster's biases.

My proposal is that some of the second half of the article be forked into an article called clinical sousveillance, because sousveillance and surveillance are distinct concepts, and that each article be linked from the other. The entire Future and Advocacy section should go there for sure. The other three sections I'm not sure about, and I am accepting proposals from people who are more expert as to whether any part of them should be in this article. Museumfreak 04:36, 16 May 2006 (UTC)

Be bold. Be bold. Be bold. Be bold. Be bold. Be bold. Go for it already. Do what needs to be done. Use your best judgement and just do it. (Verification (provide sources), no original research and neutral point of view, of course). WAS 4.250 04:51, 16 May 2006 (UTC)

 * The only other person who has written substantive content on this article appears to be a wikipedia account created primarily to edit articles on topics related to sousveillance, which doesn't in itself make the contributions in violation of NPOV, but makes them slightly questionable.Museumfreak 05:12, 16 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Clinical sousveillance content has been forked into its own article, which has gone to WP:PROD under WP:NOR/WP:FRINGE. Thanks for your input!Museumfreak 00:54, 27 May 2006 (UTC)

Still under construction, no really
I reverted all changes to this article that removed the under construction notice. I have now asked twice at Village Pump:Assistance what the accepted procedure for forking an article is and nobody's told me. Until somebody tells me, it's under construction because all that material is waiting to be forked. Furthermore, the notice had been there for less than a WEEK; not everyone's real life runs on internet time. Museumfreak 23:43, 26 May 2006 (UTC)

If you have any questions, ask me. I'll be glad to help. But you really don't need to ask anyone. Just use common sense. Wikipedia is an encyclopedia. In progress. Not yet at version 1.0 but people treat it as if it were. Just always leave the article in a useable state. Scratchpads that the naive user won't see can be created as many as you need. We need lots of help to get to the point of being a version 1.0 encyclopedia. Thanks for helping. WAS 4.250 00:04, 27 May 2006 (UTC)

Building clinical sousveillance

Ok: I understand the edit process, and I am still at getting this defined: I have expanded the JCAHO definition, in particular to the patient safety goals. I also want to create an article on reconcilation of medicines, and then demonstrate several links to the surveillance of medication errors. whole bunch of articles on the surveillance of adverse drug outcomes will help define clinical souveillance, as well as some know how that I learned about at H.O.P.E. - User:Culturejam

GreeneChip
'GreeneChip' -- New diagnostic tool that rapidly and accurately identifies multiple pathogens Brian Pearson 05:23, 6 December 2006 (UTC)

Syndromic Surveillance vs Clinical Surveillance
Note that there is also a separate article on Syndromic Surveillance, which in my opinion is pretty much the same as Clinical Surveillance - perhaps in the age of bioterrorism the more common term now. Needs to be discussed whether both articles should be merged.--Eysen 15:50, 22 December 2006 (UTC)

 * I merged the two articles. Poorly. Anyone who wants to improve the article in any way is highly encouraged to do so. Be bold. WAS 4.250 21:25, 22 December 2006 (UTC)

Relationship to new article
The article previously known as Reporting disease cases was renamed Disease surveillance. I was unaware of this pages existence when proposing this change.

Should the pages be merged or does Disease surveillance serve a purpose as a subset of clinical surveillence (which seems to me to refer to non-infectious disease surveillence, such as poisoning, toxicity, tumours, genetic disease etc.--ZayZayEM 06:39, 14 September 2007 (UTC)

One could argue that syndromic surveillance is more broad because it includes analysis of non-clinical data types, however the difference is largely inconsequential. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.188.251.106 (talk) 04:59, 27 June 2008 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Public health surveillance


text:
Săsar

The Săsar (Zazar) is a right tributary of the river Lăpuș in Maramureș County, Romania. It discharges into the Lăpuș in Bozânta Mare, southwest of Baia Mare. It is a medium-size river which flows through the cities of Baia Sprie and Baia Mare. Its length is 31 km and its basin size is 306 km2.

The river was heavily polluted with untreated sewage, agricultural fertilizer, and toxic chemicals from local mining sites, including cyanide, arsenic, lead, and cadmium. One notable incident occurred on January 30, 2000, when a tailings impoundment at the Baia Mare mine burst, releasing 50 to 100 tons of cyanide and heavy metals into the river. The Săsar, locally known as the "dead river," is unsuitable for bathing, washing, or fishing. The World Health Organization has identified the Baia Mare region as a "health risk hotspot."

The Săsar flows into the Lăpuș, which in turn flows into the Someș, a tributary of the Danube via the Tisza. Pollution in the Săsar thus eventually reaches Romania, Hungary, Serbia, and Bulgaria.

Tributaries
The following rivers are tributaries to the river Săsar:

 * Right: Chiuzbaia, Firiza, Usturoi, Borcut

title: Săsar


text:
Dobruška

Dobruška (Gutenfeld) is a town in Rychnov nad Kněžnou District in the Hradec Králové Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 6,600 inhabitants. The town is known as the birthplace of Czech patriotic writer František Ladislav Hek, whose career was described in Alois Jirásek's novel F. L. Věk. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected by law as an urban monument zone.

Administrative parts
The villages of Běstviny, Chábory, Domašín, Křovice, Mělčany, Pulice and Spáleniště are administrative parts of Dobruška.

Geography
Dobruška is located about 16 km northwest of Rychnov nad Kněžnou and 24 km northeast of Hradec Králové. It lies mostly in the Orlice Table. The eastern part of the municipal territory extends into the Orlické Foothills and includes the highest point of Dobruška, the hill Tábor at 470 m above sea level. The town is situated at the confluence of two watercourses, the Dědina River (also called Zlatý potok) and the brook Brtevský potok.

History
The predecessor of Dobruška was a market settlement called Lešno, located at the crossroads of two trade routes. The first written mention is from 1320. In 1495, with the arrival of the noble family of Trčka of Lípa, the town began to develop. The houses were reconstructed in the Renaissance style and a representative town hall was built. The prosperity and importance of the town ended with the Thirty Years' War.

The large fires in 1806 and 1866 damaged Dobruška and the reconstructions changed the character of the town. At the end of the 19th century, the industry developed, especially the textile industry. In 1908, Dobruška was connected with Opočno by railway.

Economy
The Military Geographical and Hydrometeorological Office is located in Dobruška.

Transport
The I/14 road (the section from Náchod to Ústí nad Orlicí) runs through the town.

Dobruška is the start of a short railway line to Opočno. The line further continues to Meziměstí or to Týniště nad Orlicí.

Culture
The International Music Festival of F. L. Vek is organized in Dobruška every year.

Sights
The historic centre is formed by F. L. Věka Square and adjacent streets. Its main landmark is the Renaissance town hall with a 45 m-high tower. In the tower is the town museum and gallery with early works of F. Kupka. In the middle of the square is a Marian column from 1733.

The Church of Saint Wenceslaus was first mentioned in 1350. Its part is an early Baroque bell tower. The cemetery Church of Holy Spirit was built in Renaissance style in the 16th century.

The former Jewish synagogue in Dobruška is nowadays part of the town museum. The synagogue was built in the 18th century and then rebuilt in the neo-Gothic style in 1867, after it was damaged by a fire. There is also the Jewish cemetery with the oldest preserved tomb from 1688.

Notable people

 * František Ladislav Hek (1769–1847), patriotic writer
 * Alois Beer (1833–1897), painter
 * František Šubert (1849–1915), writer and theatre director
 * František Kupka (1871–1957), painter and graphic artist; lived here in 1872–1889
 * Radim Drejsl (1923–1953), composer, pianist and conductor

Twin towns – sister cities
Dobruška is twinned with:
 * 🇭🇺 Ábrahámhegy, Hungary
 * 🇸🇰 Hnúšťa, Slovakia
 * 🇵🇱 Miejska Górka, Poland
 * 🇵🇱 Piława Górna, Poland
 * 🇵🇱 Radków, Poland
 * 🇸🇰 Veľký Meder, Slovakia

title: Dobruška


text:
Devil's apple

Devil's apple is a common name for several horny plants and may refer to:

 * Datura
 * Podophyllum peltatum, native to North America
 * Solanum, several species which are invasive in Australia, including:
 * Solanum capsicoides
 * Solanum linnaeanum

title: Devil's apple


text:
Camille Huysmans

Jean Joseph Camille Huysmans (born as Camiel Hansen 26 May 1871 – 25 February 1968) was a Belgian politician who served as the prime minister of Belgium from 1946 to 1947.

Biography
He studied German philology at the University of Liège and was a teacher from 1893 to 1897 while he studied for his doctorate in German philology.

Huysmans joined the Belgische Werkliedenpartij (BWP), the predecessor of the Belgische Socialistische Partij (BSP) at a young age. He became a journalist for many socialist periodicals until 1904 and was thereafter active in the labour unions.

Between 1905 and 1922 Huysmans was secretary of the Second International. In that function he had many contacts with Sun Yat-sen, the leader of the first Chinese revolution, in 1911. His main task was creating an active peace function. At the Socialist Conference in Stockholm in 1917 he pleaded against continuing the war.

He was a fighter for the Flemish movement and fought for using Dutch at the University of Ghent. As Minister of Arts and Education he could pave the way for the Dutch language. In 1911 he proposed a bill, drafted by Lodewijk De Raet, together with the Roman Catholic Frans Van Cauwelaert and the liberal Louis Franck for the usage of Dutch at the University of Ghent. However, due to World War I, the University of Ghent would become a Flemish university only in 1930.

In World War II he fled to London. He regained the function as secretary between 1939 and 1944, also as acting chairman. After World War II (at age 75) he became the 34th Prime Minister and led a government of socialists, liberals and communists. With an insufficient majority, this government lasted not long. In the next government, he was Minister of Education.

In domestic affairs, a raft of progressive reforms were carried out during Huysmans's time as 34th Prime Minister. A Ministerial Order of October 1946 laid down special provisions for safeguarding workers in wire rope factories, while an Order was passed in December 1946 for factories manufacturing sugar and molasses alcohol which contained health and safety provisions. In January 1947, legislation was passed providing for a uniform allowance for the children of disabled workers, and legislative Orders were issued in January and February 1947 providing for the establishment of a National Office for the Co-ordination of Family Allowances. In addition, a legislative Order of 28 February 1947 supplemented and amended the provisions of an August 1930 law by extending the scope of family allowances for wage-earners, while another Order issued that same month authorised the National Association for Cheap Housing to raise a loan of one thousand million Belgian francs to contribute towards the costs of a housebuilding programme for miners.

He remained very popular until old age. The national tribute for his 80th birthday attracted 100,000 visitors. At the age of 83 he became chairman of the Chamber of Representatives (lower house). He was a freemason, a member of the lodge Les Amis Philanthropes of the Grand Orient of Belgium in Brussels.

Huysmans is considered a friend of the Jewish people, mainly due to his friendly attitude towards Jewish immigrants in Antwerp in the years 1920–1940 and the Zionist movement. There are streets bearing his name in the cities of Netanya and Haifa in Israel.

Functions

 * Councillor in Brussels (1908–1921)
 * Education Schepen of Antwerp (1921–1933)
 * Mayor of Antwerp (1933–1940 and 1944–1946)
 * Councillor in Antwerp (1946–1968)
 * Member of the lower house (1910–1965)
 * Chairman of the lower house (1936–1939 and 1954–1958)
 * Minister of Arts and Education (1925–1927)
 * Prime Minister (1946–1947)
 * Minister of Education (1947–1949)

Honours

 * 🇧🇪 Belgium: Minister of State, by Royal Decree.
 * 🇧🇪 Belgium: member of the Royal Academie.
 * 🇧🇪 Belgium: Grand Cordon in the Order of Leopold.
 * 🇧🇪 Belgium: knight Grand Cross in the Order of the Crown.
 * Knight grand Cross in the Swedish Order of the Polar Star 1937.
 * Commander of the Legion of Honour.
 * Order of the British Empire.

Correspondence with Lenin
In his first term as secretary of the Second International he corresponded with Lenin between 1905 and 1914. The letters were published in 1963.

title: Camille Huysmans


text:
User talk:Stevelinton

Welcome!
Hi Stevelinton, and a warm welcome to Wikipedia! I hope you have enjoyed editing as much as I did so far and decide to stay. Unfamiliar with the features and workings of Wikipedia? Don't fret! Be Bold! Here's some good links for your reference and that'll get you started in no time!

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- Mailer Diablo 18:47, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Stevelinton


text:
User talk:Peggy Sue

Welcome!
Hi Peggy Sue, and a warm welcome to Wikipedia! I hope you have enjoyed editing as much as I did so far and decide to stay. Unfamiliar with the features and workings of Wikipedia? Don't fret! Be Bold! Here's some good links for your reference and that'll get you started in no time!

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- Mailer Diablo 18:47, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

3RR warning
This is a new account, but you have already made at least two reverts. Please be aware of our core policy, 3RR. -Willmcw 20:03, August 20, 2005 (UTC)

Assume good faith
A fundamental tenet of Wikipedia is that we assume good faith. Some of the language that you used at the John W. Ratcliffe talk page is not consistent with such an assumption. A lie is an intentional misrepresentation of the facts. I do not see how you can know that the intention of the editors whom you oppose is deception. Please try to use courteous language that does not assume malice by your fellow editors. —Theo (Talk) 16:55, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

 * If I have evidence to the fact there are lies posted, it indeed may be charged.Peggy Sue 20:15, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

I look forward to learning more of your evidence that the authors of the statements that you charcterize as "lies" made those statements with the intention to deceive. —Theo (Talk) 22:09, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Peggy Sue


text:
User talk:Zobovor

Welcome!
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- Mailer Diablo 18:48, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

Hello!
Hello Zobovor! Don't I know you from alt.toys.transformers? — J I P | Talk 07:55, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:April 2003.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:April 2003.jpg. I notice the image page currently doesn't specify who created the image, so the copyright status is therefore unclear. If you have not created the image yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the image on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the image yourself then you should also specify where you found it, ie in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

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If you have uploaded other images, please check that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thanks so much.

P.S. That particular image is not used anywhere so unless it's under a free lisense it should be deleted regardles, but check it (and any other images you have uploaded) anyway to make sure all the required information is present. --Sherool 10:16, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

AfD nomination of Maximillian (The Black Hole)
I have nominated Maximillian (The Black Hole), an article you created, for deletion. I do not think that this article satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and have explained why at Articles for deletion/Maximillian (The Black Hole). Your opinions on the matter are welcome at that same discussion page; also, you are welcome to edit the article to address these concerns. Thank you for your time. TTN (talk) 16:07, 19 October 2008 (UTC) TTN (talk) 16:07, 19 October 2008 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image File:Ace duck hat.jpg
 Thanks for uploading File:Ace duck hat.jpg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

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title: User talk:Zobovor


text:
User talk:Sknit

Welcome!
Hi Sknit, and a warm welcome to Wikipedia! I hope you have enjoyed editing as much as I did so far and decide to stay. Unfamiliar with the features and workings of Wikipedia? Don't fret! Be Bold! Here's some good links for your reference and that'll get you started in no time!

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- Mailer Diablo 18:48, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging
Can you please provide copyright information for all your images(see list here) using copyright tags? If you have questions, ask me on my talk page. Superm401 | Talk 00:33, 25 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Also, I'm nominating Image:NWo Wolfpac.jpg for deletion It isn't worth the fair use claim. Superm401 | Talk 01:08, 25 September 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:LWo.gif
Thanks for uploading Image:LWo.gif. I notice the image page currently doesn't specify who created the image, so the copyright status is therefore unclear. If you have not created the image yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the image on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the image yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

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This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see User talk:Carnildo/images. 11:51, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

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This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Image legality questions. 13:40, 28 March 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sknit


text:
Talk:Podophyllum

Could someone write an article on Himalayan Mayapple (Podophyllum hexandrum)? Thanks very much. -- Eleassar  my talk 18:48, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: Practical Research Methodology 2024
— Assignment last updated by MSDerksen (talk) 19:04, 17 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Podophyllum


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Tv broadcasts in 1942

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was REDIRECT to 1942 in television. Plainly a no-consensus outcome, and no harm in the redirect. -Splash 07:08, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

Tv broadcasts in 1942
Idiosyncratic non-topic. Punkmorten 18:48, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Perhaps redirect to 1942 in television? - SimonP 18:59, August 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect as per SimonP. No merge since there's nothing to merge, but a redirect couldn't hurt any. Lord Bob 21:41, August 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delite, Just delete. Almost seems like a test for someone who might add seriously. Marskell 22:31, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect as per Simon P. Capitalistroadster 00:38, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.