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Aaron Mauger

Aaron Joseph Douglas Mauger (last name pronounced "Major"; born 29 November 1980) is a New Zealand professional rugby union coach and former player. He played at centre for Leicester Tigers.

Playing career
Born in Christchurch, Mauger played first five-eighth and second five-eighth for Canterbury (Air New Zealand Cup), the Crusaders (Super Rugby) and the All Blacks. He joined the Leicester Tigers at the end of the 2007 Rugby World Cup after signing a two-and-a-half-year contract with the English side.

Mauger captained the New Zealand under-21 team to success in the international under-21 tournaments in 2000 and 2001. He made his All Blacks debut in 2001.

He is the younger brother of Nathan Mauger and his uncles are former All Blacks Graeme Bachop and Stephen Bachop. His great-uncle, Ivan Mauger, was a six-time Speedway World Champion.

In March 2010, Mauger announced his retirement due to a back injury. He had attended clinics in the United Kingdom and Germany in his bid to overcome the injury but had been unable to complete training sessions without breaking down.

Coaching
In June 2010, Mauger returned with his family to live in his native New Zealand, where he hoped to remain involved with rugby union in a coaching role. Following a period of coaching with the Crusaders, it was announced that Mauger had signed a three-year deal (starting in the 2015–16 season) with Leicester Tigers for the vacant head coach role. The role was previously held by Matt O'Connor who left in 2013 to be head coach at Leinster.

Highlanders
On 1 August 2017 Mauger was named head coach of the Highlanders, taking over from previous head coach Tony Brown.

For the 2018 Super Rugby season the Highlanders won 10 of 16 games, with points for 437 to 445 against, to be placed 6th. They lost to the New South Wales Waratahs 23–30 in their quarter-final match at Sydney. His assistant coaches were Mark Hammett and Glenn Delaney.

In the 2019 season the Highlanders under Mauger won 6 and drew 2 matches (Chiefs, Bulls) and were awarded a 0–0 draw for their scheduled match against the Crusaders which was cancelled due to the Christchurch Mosque shootings. This placed them 8th. The points scored were 441 and 392 against. They lost their quarter-final to the eventual champions, the Crusaders, by 14–38 at Christchurch. Clarke Dermody had joined Hammett and Delaney as an Assistant Coach.

In a 2020 season disrupted by COVID-19, the Highlanders won 1 (the Brumbies at Canberra) of their 5 Super Rugby games and they were awarded a 0–0 draw for their cancelled match against the Jaguares. They had a points for and against deficit of 91 to 163, prior to cessation of that competition. During Super Rugby Aotearoa the Highlanders were 4th after winning 3 from 8 and a points deficit of 197 points for to 227 against. Riki Flutey had joined as assistant coach.

Mauger's head coach position was not renewed and he was replaced by Tony Brown.

title: Aaron Mauger


text:
20 minutos

20 minutos is a Spanish free newspaper, with local editions in several Spanish cities, published by Multiprensa & Mas S.L.

History
Multiprensa & Mas S.L. was founded in Madrid in 1999. The founder of 20 minutos is José Antonio Martínez Soler.

20 minutos is published under an Attribution-ShareAlike Creative Commons licence, which entitles anyone to freely copy, distribute, display, make derivative works and commercial use of the work. Additionally, the newspaper can be downloaded from their site.

Its majority stockholder is 20 Min Holding, a leader in free daily newspapers in Switzerland (20 minutes in French and 20 Minuten in German), France (20 minutes), and Spain. 20 Min Holding's majority stockholder is Schibsted, a Norwegian communication group that was founded in 1839, listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange, and has a strong presence in Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Switzerland, Estonia, Finland, France, and Spain, where it is the owner of both paid and free newspapers, television stations, radio stations, multimedia, etc.

For many years in Spain it battled rival free newspapers ADN, Metro and Qué!, all of which finally stopped due to the crisis, and since 2011, 20 minutos has dominated and remains in circulation in many parts of Spain.

The CEO of 20 Min Holding is Sverre Munck. Born in 1953, Sverre is a Norwegian economist with a PhD from Stanford and Yale. He is also Executive VP (International Operations) at Schibsted ASA, President of Multiprensa Holding, owner of Multiprensa & Mas, the publisher of "20 Minutes" in Spain, and President of the 20 Min Holding group.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: 20 minutos


text:
Japanese family

The family is called kazoku (家族) in Japanese. It's basically composed of a couple as is the family in other societies. The Japanese family is based on the line of descent and adoption. Ancestors and offspring are linked together by an idea of family genealogy, or keizu, which does not mean relationships based on mere blood inheritance and succession, but rather a bond of relationship inherent in the maintenance and continuance of the family as an institution.

In any given period of history, all family members have been expected to contribute to the perpetuation of the family, which is held to be the highest duty of the member.

History
A great number of family forms have existed historically in Japan, from the matrilocal customs of the Heian.

As official surveys conducted during the early years of the Meiji dynasty demonstrated, the most common family form during the Edo (Tokugawa) period was characterized by patrilocal residence, stem structure, and patrilineal primogeniture, so a set of laws were promulgated institutionalizing this family pattern, beginning with the "Outline of the New Criminal Law" in 1870. In 1871, individuals were registered in an official family registry (戸籍).

In the early twentieth century, each family was required to conform to the ie (家) system, with a multigenerational household under the legal authority of a household head. In establishing the ie system, the government moved the ideology of family in the opposite direction of trends resulting from urbanization and industrialization. The ie system took as its model for the family the Confucian-influenced pattern of the upper classes of the Tokugawa period.

Authority and responsibility for all members of the ie lay legally with the household head. Each generation supplied a male and female adult, with a preference for inheritance by the first son and for patrilocal marriage. When possible, daughters were expected to marry out, and younger sons were expected to establish their own households.

Post-World War II
After World War II, the Allied occupation forces established a new family ideology based on equal rights for women, equal inheritance by all children, and free choice of spouse and career. From the late 1960s, most marriages in Japan have been based on the mutual attraction of the couple and not the arrangement by the parents (お見合い). Moreover, arranged marriages might begin with an introduction by a relative or family friend, but actual negotiations do not begin until all parties, including the bride and groom, are satisfied with the relationship.

Under the ie system, only a minority of households included three generations at a time because nonsuccessor sons (those who were not heirs) often set up their own household. From 1970 to 1983, the proportion of three-generation households fell from 19% to 15% of all households, while two generation households consisting of a couple and their unmarried children increased only slightly, from 41% to 42% of all households. The greatest change has been the increase in couple-only households and in elderly single-person households.

Public opinion surveys in the late 1980s seemed to confirm the statistical movement away from the three-generation ie family model. Half of the respondents did not think that the first son had a special role to play in the family, and nearly two-thirds rejected the need for mukoyōshi adoption of a son in order to continue the family. Other changes, such as an increase in filial violence and school refusal, suggest a breakdown of strong family authority.

Official statistics indicate that Japanese concepts of family continued to diverge from those in the United States in the 1980s. The divorce rate, although increasing slowly, remained at 1.3 per 1,000 marriages in 1987, low by international standards. Strong gender roles remained the cornerstone of family responsibilities. Most survey respondents said that family life should emphasize parent-child ties over husband-wife relations. Nearly 80% of respondents in a 1986 government survey believed that the ancestral home and family grave should be carefully kept and handed on to one's children. More than 60% thought it best for elderly parents to live with one of their children.

This sense of family as a unit that continues through time is stronger among people who have a livelihood to pass down, such as farmers, merchants, owners of small companies, and physicians, than among urban salary and wage earners. Anthropologist Jane M. Bachnik noted the continued emphasis on continuity in the rural families she studied. Uchi (here, the contemporary family) were considered the living members of an ie, which had no formal existence. Yet, in each generation, there occurred a sorting of members into permanent and temporary members, defining different levels of uchi.

Various family life-styles exist side by side in contemporary Japan. In many urban salaryman families, the husband may commute to work and return late, having little time with his children except for Sundays, a favorite day for family outings. The wife might be a "professional housewife", with nearly total responsibility for raising children, ensuring their careers and marriages, running the household, and managing the family budget. She also has primary responsibility for maintaining social relations with the wider circles of relatives, neighbors, and acquaintances and for managing the family's reputation. Her social life remains separate from that of her husband. It is increasingly likely that in addition to these family responsibilities, she may also have a part-time job or participate in adult education or other community activities. The closest emotional ties within such families are between the mother and children.

In other families, particularly among the self-employed, husband and wife work side by side in a family business. Although gender-based roles are clear cut, they might not be as rigidly distinct as in a household where work and family are more separated. In such families, fathers are more involved in their children's development because they have more opportunity for interacting with them.

As women worked outside of the home with increasing frequency beginning in the 1970s, there was pressure on their husbands to take on more responsibility for housework and child care. Farm families, who depend on nonfarm employment for most of their income, are also developing patterns of interaction different from those of previous generations.

The monogamous and patriarchal family has prevailed since the eighth century. If a wife had no children, the husband often maintained a concubine, whose offspring succeeded the family's headquarters, thus ensuring its continuation. When neither the wife nor the concubine gave him a son, the custom allowed the head of the family to adopt a successor. [6]

Household members can be classified into two categories:

 * socially recognized as related in the family line, chokkei, which includes successors, their spouses and possible successors,
 * socially recognized members as external family members, bokei, under which all other members of the family are grouped family, including relatives and servants. [7]

Succession
In the traditional Japanese family, one male offspring who is to succeed to the headship of the family lives with his parents after his marriage. He assumes the headship and has to take care of the parents when they have become aged. In addition, he is responsible for the support of bokei member and directs the labor of family members in the management of the household. Couples in successive generations live together under the same roof.

Succession in the Japanese family does not simply mean inheritance of the deceased's property; and the inheritance of property itself has a distinctive meaning, which reflects the institutional demands of the family. Succession in Japan means katokusozoku, or succession to family headship.

Katokusozoku aims to achieve directly the continuation of the family as an institution. The patriarch, responsible for family continuation, has to decide in advance who is the man to succeed him in the event of his death. He usually selects a certain son as the candidate for his successor. When he has no offspring at all, the patriarch often adopts both a boy as his successor and a girl as the successor's wife. In mukoyōshi adoption, it does not matter whether or not the boy and the girl concerned have blood relationship with the patriarch or with his wife.

The traditional ideal of the ie system designates the oldest son as an heir to the family, and expects his family to live with his parents. When the oldest son is not available or not able to assume this position, one of the younger sons may do so. The elderly parents may opt for living with one of their married daughters, usually when they have no available son. Implied here is a sex/age hierarchy in terms of living with the parents, descending from oldest son to youngest son, and oldest to youngest daughter. It thus can be expected that oldest sons and oldest daughters without brothers are more likely to live with their parents than other children.

title: Japanese family


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Rudolfinum

The Rudolfinum is a building in Prague, Czech Republic. It is designed in the neo-renaissance style and is situated on Jan Palach Square on the bank of the river Vltava. Since its opening in 1885, it has been associated with music and art.

Currently, the Czech Philharmonic Orchestra and Galerie Rudolfinum are based in the building. Its largest music auditorium, Dvořák Hall, is one of the main venues of the Prague Spring International Music Festival and is noted for its excellent acoustics.

Uses
The Rudolfinum has been the home of the Czech Philharmonic Orchestra since 1946 and is one of the main venues of the Prague Spring International Music Festival held each year in May and June. The building was designed by architect Josef Zítek and his student Josef Schulz, and was opened on 8 February 1885. It is named in honour of Rudolf, Crown Prince of Austria, who presided over the opening. Between 1919 and 1939, the building was used as the seat of the Czechoslovak parliament.

The Rudolfinum's Dvořák Hall is one of the oldest concert halls in Europe. On 4 January 1896, Antonín Dvořák himself conducted the Czech Philharmonic in the hall in its first ever concert.

During the First Czechoslovak Republic, the building served as the seat of the Chamber of Deputies.

The venue was the location of the recording of Nicola Benedetti's 2010 album Tchaikovsky & Bruch: Violin Concertos.

Galerie Rudolfinum

The building also contains the Galerie Rudolfinum, an art gallery that focuses mainly on contemporary art. It opened on 1 January 1994 and is a non-profit institution directed and financed by the Czech Ministry of Culture. It is located at the back of the Rudolfinum. Galerie Rudolfinum has no collection of its own, and runs on the Kunsthalle principle, hosting a series of temporary exhibitions. It has around 1,500 square metres of exhibition space. The gallery director is Petr Nedoma.

Major exhibitions have included: Cathy de Monchaux (1997); František Drtikol – Photographer, Painter, Mystic (1998); Cindy Sherman: Retrospective (1998); Jürgen Klauke: Side Effect (1998); Czech Photography 1840–1950, (2004); Annelies Štrba (2005); Neo Rauch: Neue Rollen (2007); Uncertain States of America (2007–2008); Gottfried Helnwein: Angels Sleeping (2008); Andy Warhol: Motion Pictures (2009); Shirana Shahbazi: Then Again (2012); Jake and Dinos Chapman: The Blind Leading the Blind (2013); Ana Mendieta: Traces (2014); Mat Collishaw: Standing Water (2018); Arthur Jafa: A Series of Utterly Improbable, Yet Extraordinary Renditions (2019); David Claerbout: Olympia (2020).

title: Rudolfinum


text:
Leigh Taylor-Young

Leigh Taylor-Young (born January 25, 1945) is an American actress who has appeared on stage, screen, podcast, radio, and television. Her most well-known films include I Love You, Alice B. Toklas (1968), The Horsemen (1971), The Gang That Couldn't Shoot Straight (1971), Soylent Green (1973), and Jagged Edge (1985). She won an Emmy for her role on the hit television series Picket Fences.

Early life
Young was born in Washington, D.C. She added the surname Young, the surname of her stepfather, Donald E. Young, a Detroit executive. Her father was a diplomat, and her younger siblings are actress/sculptor Dey Young and writer/director/producer Lance Young. The siblings were raised in Oakland County, Michigan. Leigh graduated from Groves High School (Michigan). Before attending Northwestern University as an economics major, she spent a summer shifting scenery, modeling, acting, and sweeping up at a Detroit little theater. She left Northwestern before graduating to pursue a full-time acting career, making her professional debut on Broadway in 3 Bags Full. About dropping out of college, she said: "I left there because I lost the most wonderful teacher. I didn't want to go back when she left. My parents naturally were upset, and I spent four months at home thinking what to do, then went to New York and California."

1960s
Taylor-Young got her first big break in 1966, when she was cast as Rachel Welles on the primetime soap opera Peyton Place. Her character was written in the show as a replacement for the character of Allison MacKenzie, previously played by Mia Farrow. The series' producer, Everett Chambers, cast her because of her "great warmth and sweet angelic qualities not unlike Mia". When she received the role, Taylor-Young had been in California only a few days. She initially went there in April 1966 to recuperate from an attack of pneumonia. She impressed the head producer of Peyton Place, Paul Monash, with a performance from The Glass Menagerie and was immediately signed to a seven-year television and multiple-movie contract.

Shortly after, she told the press: "I'd have preferred to stay in New York to establish myself as an actress before coming to Hollywood."

It was on this series that she met Ryan O'Neal, whom she later married. Taylor-Young had difficulty working on the show, explaining in an April 1967 interview:
 * "When I got my first check for [3 Bags Full], I thought to myself, 'isn't this wonderful — being paid to have fun.' But after working in 70 chapters of Peyton Place out here in Hollywood, I'm glad to get my paycheck. I can now understand why good actors and actress complain about going stale in television. It's difficult to give a character depth when there's a man with a stop watch standing beside you complaining that the company is spending $3,000 a minute. Yes, I've learned that when you act in a TV series it becomes your whole life."

Despite the huge amount of publicity she received while working on Peyton Place, Taylor-Young left the soap opera in 1967 due to her pregnancy. She subsequently pursued a career in films, landing a lucrative seven-year contract with a major studio. Her first film role came opposite Peter Sellers in the comedy I Love You, Alice B. Toklas (1968). It was commercially successful, and she received a Golden Globe Award nomination for Most Promising Female Newcomer. She then appeared with husband Ryan O'Neal in The Big Bounce (1969).

1970s
For the next several years, her pictures tended to be high-budget films, such as The Adventurers (1970), based on the novel by best-seller Harold Robbins; and The Horsemen, (1971) with leading man Omar Sharif. She is perhaps best known for her performance as Shirl, the "furniture" girl, in the science fiction classic Soylent Green (1973). After her appearance in Soylent Green, she made the professional decision to take a hiatus from acting in order to concentrate on raising her only child, son Patrick.

1980s
The 1980s saw Taylor-Young return to both film and television, where her looks and voice often led to casting in roles of an aristocratic bent. In 1981 she appeared in the high technology Michael Crichton production Looker. In 1985, she was cast as Virginia Howell in Jagged Edge, and appeared in the romantic comedy Secret Admirer.

In addition to her film work, she guest-starred on such television series as McCloud, Fantasy Island, The Love Boat, Hart to Hart, Hotel and Spenser: For Hire. She returned to her soap opera roots in 1983, appearing in the short-lived primetime series The Hamptons. From 1987–89, she played Kimberly Cryder, a recurring character on Dallas, her first role in a major prime time soap since Peyton Place.

Despite being best known for her film and television work, she has stated a preference for live theater, where her career began. Favoring Samuel Beckett, she starred opposite Donald Davis in Beckett's one act play Catastrophe (included in a trilogy of one-act plays billed as The Beckett Plays) at the Edinburgh International Festival in 1984. She also toured Los Angeles, New York City and London with the show.

1990s and 2000s
After 1990 Taylor-Young's film credits have included minor roles in Honeymoon Academy (1990), Bliss (1997) and Slackers (2002), as well as direct-to-video films Addams Family Reunion (1998), Klepto (2003), Spiritual Warriors (2007) and The Wayshower (2011).

Perhaps her best-known television work was on the CBS series Picket Fences, playing mercurial and cougar-ish mayor Rachel Harris from 1993–1995. She won an Emmy Award for the role in 1994, for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series, and received a Golden Globe nomination the following year. From 2004–2007 she played Katherine Barrett Crane on the soap opera Passions.

Taylor-Young also appeared on TV series such as The Young Riders, Murder, She Wrote, Sunset Beach, Malibu Shores, 7th Heaven, Star Trek: Deep Space Nine and Life. She had recurring roles on Beverly Hills, 90210, The Pretender, and UPN's The Sentinel. She also appeared in a handful of television films, including Perry Mason: The Case of the Sinister Spirit (1987), Who Gets the Friends? and Stranger in My Home (1997).

Personal life
Taylor-Young married Ryan O'Neal, her Peyton Place co-star, in 1967. Their wedding was spontaneous: While in Hawaii for a promotion for Peyton Place, an ABC manager offered them the opportunity to marry at his home.

She married John Morton in January 2013 at PRANA, headquarters of the Movement of Spiritual Inner Awareness in Los Angeles. She is an ordained minister in the Movement of Spiritual Inner Awareness, founded by the late John-Roger Hinkins and now led by her husband.

title: Leigh Taylor-Young


text:
User talk:Spark.1.4

I love you.--Hellogoodsir 05:35, 8 April 2006 (UTC)

Hey Spark, thanks for the reply. Are you the one who has uploaded those images onto the awards page for BF2? If so, where are you getting them? If that's you, could you please see the talk page? Thank you.--Hellogoodsir 03:20, 21 April 2006 (UTC)

I see, my mistake.--Hellogoodsir 05:38, 21 April 2006 (UTC)

Spark .1.4 03:46, 29 October 2006 (UTC)

invite
Graeme Bartlett 03:37, 15 October 2007 (UTC)

Invite to Canberra Meetup #2
--.../Nemo (talk • Contributions) 16:13, 22 January 2009 (UTC)

Recent Changes Camp Canberra Aug 11, 2010
I saw you're listed in the ACT Wikipedian page and thought, by chance, you might like to come to this: RecentChangesCamp, Canberra is being held at the University of Canberra, Building 7, Room 7XC37 on 11 August 2010. ABOUT | REGISTRATION | SCHEDULE

Hope we'll see you and friends there, but please register so we can prepare lunch. Leighblackall (talk) 07:40, 22 July 2010 (UTC)

You're invited to the Canberra WikiMeetup on 20 November 2011
Hi! We're having a Canberra Wikimeetup on 20 November 2011 at Siren Bar in Gunghalin from 2pm to 4pm. It's most just a chance to chat with other local Wikipedians, get a chance to go a different sort of bar (which is reasonably kid friendly, serves real food, and has non-alcholic options), and, if you're interested, learning more about what Wikimedia Australia and local GLAM projects are happening. We'd love to see you and any Wikipedia/Wikimedia/wiki loving friends you have there. --LauraHale (talk) 07:22, 31 October 2011 (UTC)

Canberra meetup invitation: January 2013
Hi there! You are cordially invited to attend a meetup being held on Wednesday 9 January 2013. Yes, that is tomorrow. Sorry about the short notice.

Details an attendee list are at Meetup/Canberra/January 2013. Hope you can make it! John Vandenberg 09:50, 8 January 2013 (UTC)

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Canberra meetup invitation: February 2013
Hi there! You are cordially invited to attend a meetup being held on Sunday 24 February 2013. Sorry about the short notice.

Details and attendee list are at Meetup/Canberra/February 2013. Hope you can make it! John Vandenberg 08:15, 19 February 2013 (UTC)

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Canberra meetup invitation
Hi, you're invited to the Canberra meetup which will take place at King O'Malley's Irish Pub in Civic on 17 February 2016. Bidgee (talk) 02:17, 5 February 2016 (UTC)

Canberra meetup invitation (August 2016)
I'll be in Canberra from the 29-30 August, there is a planned meet-up at King O'Malley's (though I'm open to suggestions) from 6pm on the 29 August. Sorry for the short noticed, only had the trip confirmed this afternoon. Bidgee (talk) 11:39, 22 August 2016 (UTC)

Canberra meetup
Hi, there will be a meetup in Canberra on the 20 January 2018 at 7pm, I hope you're able to make it but understand that this is very short notice. Bidgee (talk) 22:15, 15 January 2018 (UTC)

title: User talk:Spark.1.4


text:
Manly Council

Manly Council was a local government area on the northern beaches region of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, first incorporated in 1877. On 12 May 2016, the Minister for Local Government announced that Manly Council would be subsumed into the newly formed Northern Beaches Council. The last mayor of Manly Council was Cr. Jean Hay, a member of the Liberal Party.

Suburbs in the local government area

 * Balgowlah
 * Balgowlah Heights
 * Clontarf
 * Fairlight
 * Manly
 * Seaforth

History
Manly was first incorporated on 6 January 1877 as the Municipal District of Manly, and met for the first time on 15 February 1877, when the first mayor was elected, Thomas Rowe. The council first met in temporary premises including the original Ivanhoe Hotel in Ivanhoe Park, until 1909, and from then on Llangollen, the former mansion of William Howard Rolfe at the end of the Corso, served as the new council chambers. There were no wards until October 1890 when the council petitioned to be divided into three wards, which was proclaimed in December 1890: The Steyne Ward to the north, Fairlight Ward to the southeast and Wentworth Ward to the east.

Manly was the only local government authority on the Northern Beaches until the proclamation of Warringah Shire in 1906, with the Burnt Bridge Creek forming the northern boundary with Warringah. From 1906 the council became the Municipality of Manly. In August 1909, the council petitioned for the abolition of wards in favour of one at-large electorate, which was subsequently proclaimed. In 1918, seven of the council's alderman who had accepted free ferry passes from the Port Jackson and Manly Steamship Company were charged and found guilty by a magistrate of contravening the Local Government Act and disqualified to act as aldermen. As the council only had a total of nine alderman, there was a period when the council did not have quorum and therefore did not function. The convictions were overturned on appeal.

In April 1927, Alderman Alfred Reid passed through a motion to petition the NSW Government for upgrading Manly to City status. This petition was rejected by Minister for Local Government Eric Spooner in May 1938, citing that Manly did not fulfill the requirements of such a status. In response, Mayor Aubrey Hanson-Norman upheld Manly's arguments for such a petition: "We have a population of about 10,000 and the revenue including the electricity undertaking is £180,000 [...] Geographically too, Manly is more or less separated from other parts of the metropolitan area." After a long and protracted debate over the construction of a purpose-built town hall, in February 1937 the old Town Hall had been demolished and a Neo-Georgian revival Town Hall by Samuel Reginald Maisey of the prominent local firm Trenchard Smith & Maisey, which served as the seat of the council until 2016.

From 1951 to 1980, the Mackellar County Council operated on the Northern Beaches as an electricity and gas supplier and retailer as a joint operation of Manly Municipal Council and Warringah Shire Council. The council became known as Manly Council on 1 July 1993 following the enactment of the Local Government Act, 1993 which also stipulated that the term 'Town Clerk' be replaced with 'General Manager' and 'Alderman' be replaced by 'Councillor'.

2016 amalgamation proposal
A 2015 review of local government boundaries by the NSW Government Independent Pricing and Regulatory Tribunal recommended that the Manly Council merge with adjoining councils. The government considered two proposals. The first proposed a merger of Manly and Mosman Councils and parts of Warringah Council to form a new council with an area of 49 km2 and support a population of approximately 153,000.

The alternative, proposed by Warringah Council on 23 February 2016, was for an amalgamation of the Pittwater, Manly and Warringah councils, which was proclaimed as the Northern Beaches Council on 12 May 2016.

Demographics
At the 2011 Census, there were 39,747 people in the Manly local government area, of these 48.8% were male and 51.2% were female. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people made up 0.3% of the population. The median age of people in the Manly Council area was 37 years. Children aged 0 – 14 years made up 18.9% of the population and people aged 65 years and over made up 13.5% of the population. Of people in the area aged 15 years and over, 48.5% were married and 10.3% were either divorced or separated.

Population growth in the Manly Council area between the 2001 Census and the 2006 Census was 1.55% and in the subsequent five years to the 2011 Census, population growth was 7.11%. When compared with total population growth of Australia for the same periods, being 5.78% and 8.32% respectively, population growth in the Manly local government area was lower than the national average. The median weekly income for residents within the Manly Council area was significantly higher than the national average.

Final composition and election method
Manly Council was composed of nine councillors, including the mayor, for a fixed four-year term of office. The mayor was directly elected from 1995 to 2016 while the eight other councillors were elected proportionally as one ward. The last election was held on 8 September 2012, and the final makeup of the council, including the mayor, was as follows:

Council seal
Manly was the first council on the northern beaches, being incorporated in 1877, but it is not known when it adopted the council seal. The image of two indigenous men standing by the shore watching the approach of the first Europeans to visit Manly in 1788, has been modified several times over the decades, with the earliest found version dating from 1905. This image is a direct reference to the naming of "Manly" by the first governor of New South Wales, Arthur Phillip, who visited on 21 January 1788, who noted that the "[Manly aboriginals'] confidence and manly behaviour induced me to give the name Manly Cove to this place".

In 1952 the new Mackellar County Council commissioned the President of the Manly and Warringah District Historical Society, Percy Walter Gledhill, to design a council seal and Gledhill's design included this image.

A later Manly council seal from 1913 omitted the approaching Europeans, but they returned in the last version, which was designed by Susan Hammond and introduced in 1990.

Sister cities
Manly had sister city relationships with a number of cities around the world:
 * 🇯🇵 Taiji, Japan, Japan
 * 🇨🇳 Jing'an, China
 * 🇬🇧 Bath, England, United Kingdom
 * Oecusse, East Timor
 * 🇺🇸 Huntington Beach, California, United States of America

Manly also had three friendship cities:
 * 🇯🇵 Odawara, Kanagawa, Japan
 * 🇰🇷 Yeongdo-gu, Busan, South Korea
 * 🇦🇺 [[Image:Flag of New South Wales.svg|22x20px]] Gunnedah, New South Wales

title: Manly Council


text:
Talk:Manly Council

Separate page for the Local Government Area
As per discussion at Talk:List of Sydney suburbs, I have created a separate page for Manly Council, the Local Government Area. -- Ianblair23 10:55, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

Cleaning suburbs in LGAs to remove redlinks
Hi, Can people who know or care about this LGA please have a look at this message and see if they can please help solve any of the 4 redlinks in the "suburbs in this LGA" section of this page? (Usually solution is either to add a stub about the suburb / locality in question, or to remove it from the LGA's list). -- All the best, Nickj (t) 04:17, 23 January 2006 (UTC)

Infobox Update
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title: Talk:Manly Council


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Michael Traill

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Woohookitty 06:24, 8 September 2005 (UTC)

Michael Traill
Appears to be self-promotion for a non-notable person.--nixie 10:56, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - nn and vanity. -- Demogorgon's Soup-taster 13:31, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as above. the wub  "?/!"  13:56, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete--Nicholas 15:08, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:Verb phrase

Verb Phrase
Sir/Madam, Whatever has been said about Verb Phrase is thoroughly wrong. The writer is not well acquainted with what he has written. Verb Phrase means merely the verb element of a clause. It comprises merely the main verb and the auxiliary that may be up-to four in number at most. The main verb is the obligatory element of the verb phrase and auxiliary is it's optional element. She could have been being taught English then. Here "could have been being taught" is the verb phrase. Ref. : Geoffery Leech: English Grammar for Today. Birbal Kumawat (talk) 04:09, 9 September 2017 (UTC) → Problematic, perhaps, but "thoroughly" wrong? See hyperbole. Kent Dominic 02:49, 6 December 2019 (UTC)

→ "Ref. : Geoffery Leech: English Grammar for Today  1982 ." (Date added for emphasis.) Theories change. Older ones are especially subject to being emended, superseded, or supplanted. Kent Dominic 02:49, 6 December 2019 (UTC)

→ A readily comprehensible explanation of what is meant by "main verb" would be appreciated. Kent Dominic 02:49, 6 December 2019 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Kent Dominic (talk • contribs)

False description of Verb Phrase
Here Verb Phrase is surely being misled. A grammar that does not give a clear-cut essence of a content is not worth following. Definitely a Verb Phrase consists a main verb compulsorily and one to four auxiliaries optionally. It has been best clarified by Geoffery Leech etc. in their prestigious work 'English Grammar for Today' published by Palgrave Macmillan in 2010. Why isn't this Grammar is being followed? If a verb phrase has object, complement, adverbial, why not subject then? Birbal Kumawat (talk) 17:24, 15 October 2017 (UTC)

 * Some questions and comments for you, Birbal Kumawat. 1. Precisely what in the description is false? ¶ 2. The title of the article is not "Verb phrase (English)" or similar. The article is not limited to English. ¶ 3. Which book are you referring to? Is it perhaps the 2nd edition (2005) of Geoffrey Leech et al, English Grammar for Today: A New Introduction? I don't know this, but I can find the blurb for it. Let me quote: Both the subtitle and the blurb suggest that it's introductory. It's clear from this earlier edit that you have an extraordinarily high regard for this book. Leech is indeed an authority; but even if we set aside all languages other than English, why should this particular book be followed? ¶ 4. You ask why the subject isn't included within the verb phrase. That's a good question, but the place to ask it is Reference desk/Language. -- Hoary (talk) 00:30, 16 October 2017 (UTC)

 * I'm still waiting for someone, anyone, to provide me with an intelligible explanation of what a "main verb" is supposed to be. Here's the rub:
 * ESL Instructor: Are you a new student?
 *  *Student: Yes, I am.
 * ESL Instructor: Please use a full sentence.
 *  *Student: Yes, I am a new student.
 * ESL Instructor: Did you receive a copy of the course textbook?
 *  *Student: Yes, I did.
 * ESL Instructor: Please use a full sentence.
 *  *Student: Yes, I did receive a copy of the course textbook.
 * ESL Instructor: That's great. Do you have any questions before we get started?
 *  *Student: Yes, isn't "Yes, I did" a full sentence? It has a finite verb, so it's not a fragment.
 * ESL Instructor: It has a finite verb but it doesn't have a main verb. The main verb is "receive."
 *  *Student: So, I should reply, "Yes, I received"?
 * ESL Instructor: But, "receive" is a transitive verb, so it needs an object.
 *  *Student: In other words, when you ask, "Did you receive a copy of the course textbook?" I should reply "Yes, I received a copy of the course textbook," right?
 * ESL Instructor: Well, you don't have to repeat the object noun. You can substitute an object pronoun.
 *  *Student: Ah. I can say, "Yes, I received that.
 * ESL Instructor: Sorry, but in this case we normally would say, "Yes, I received it."
 *  *Student: Oops. "It" is an object pronoun. "That" is a demonstrative pronoun," isn't it?
 * ESL Instructor: Yes, it is.
 *  *Student: Please use a full sentence.
 * ESL Instructor: Should I presume you're going to be a trouble-making student?
 *  *Student: Yes, you should. Definitely. Pardon the pun. And the fragment.
 * ESL Instructor: No problem.
 *  *Student: I have a question. If you use a sentence like, "Yes it is," then why can't I?
 * ESL Instructor: I want to make sure you can use a complete verb phrase including a finite verb and a collocated infinitive verb.
 *  *Student: But that's not how native English speakers talk when they reply conversationally, is it?
 * ESL Instructor: Well, you've got a point.
 *  *Student: Plus, you mentioned a verb phrase as something that comprises a finite verb and a collocated infinitive verb. That definition wasn't included in the Wikipedia article for verb phrase.
 * ESL Instructor: You're right. That's why last week I added the following items as cross-linked categories in the Wikipedia verb phrase article:
 * causative verb phrase
 * double-modal verb phrase
 * finite verb phrase
 * intransitive verb phrase
 * modal verb phrase
 * nonfinite verb phrase
 * phrasal verb
 * stative verb phrase
 * to-infinitive phrase
 * transitive verb phrase
 * verb catena
 *  *Student: Really? I didn't see any of that in the verb phrase article.
 * ESL Instructor: Some Deletionist undid my edits.

Kent Dominic 04:45, 6 December 2019 (UTC)

Isn't a "phrasal verb" a subset of the "verb phrase" set?
I'm asking from an axiomatic set theory angle as this article indicates that a verb phrase is not to be confused with phrasal verb. Fundamentally speaking, I believe misguided attempts at pedantics generally demonstrate a disregard for semantics, or, in this case, the neglect of practical linguistic entailments. Kent Dominic 05:18, 6 December 2019 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Kent Dominic (talk • contribs)

A paradigmatic approach to defining "verb phrase"
I'm loathe to offer negative criticisms without proffering at least one prospective solution. Accordingly, I think the Verb phrase article contains some shortcomings that can be remedied under an approach that deviates from the article's definitional premise. In my book (figuratively speaking and literally speaking with regard to my soon-to-be-published compendium of English grammar terms), the notions that underlie a term such as verb phrase are too vast to properly explain within the purview of a single sense of the term. As it currently stands, I think this article's introductory paragraph is overly ambitious in its attempt to capture the various senses of what a verb phrase entails. The paragraph cobbles numerous ideas gleaned from divergent linguistic theories and aggregates them into an introductory sentence whose "but not always" caveat is defensible from a linguistic perspective but likely unhelpful to readers who are unfamiliar with distinctions between dependency grammars, phrase structure grammars, and the old school grammatical notion of predicate.

In my preferred approach to phraseology, each word in a phrase should have one or more sets of axiomatic meanings so that a combination of words into a phrase is limited to the exact set of senses that the combination entails. Thus, various senses of the word, verb, correspond uniquely to their sets of given meanings; various senses of the word phrase corresponds to their own sets of given meanings; verb phrase can have no other meaning than the aggregate meanings implied by the union of sets that respectively comprise the verb set and phrase set. My own paradigmatic approach includes fundamental terms such as noun, verb, preposition, phrase, etc. and collocations such as noun phrase, verb phrase, prepositional phrase, etc. My definition for verb phrase entails my one and only sense given for verb and one of eight senses given for phrase. The resulting meaning is:
 * verb phrase (grammar) -
 * 1. a catena or phrase that constitutes a verb. See:
 * causative verb phrase (e.g. have someone help)
 * double-modal verb phrase (e.g. this might could work; nonstandard)
 * finite verb phrase (e.g. go see a doctor)
 * elliptical verb phrase (e.g. They haven't yet, but I think they have to.)
 * intransitive verb phrase (e.g. please stop)
 * modal verb phrase (e.g. this could work)
 * nonfinite verb phrase (e.g. begging for a raise is pointless)
 * phrasal verb (e.g. keep off the grass)
 * predicate verb phrase (e.g. I shall never see a poem as lovely as a tree)
 * stative verb phrase (e.g. She is leaving tomorrow)
 * split to-infinitive phrase (e.g. I want to always try my hardest)
 * split verb phrase (e.g. We had never seen such a thing)
 * to-infinitive phrase (e.g. It's time to rock.)
 * transitive verb phrase (e.g. I adore you.)
 * verb catena (e.g. He could not have avoided seeing it)
 * 2. a phrase comprised of a verb that entails one or more dependent words . See:
 * adverb (e.g. I would never do such a thing_
 * adverbial phrase (e.g. I would hardly ever do such things)
 * dative object (e.g. Please give me a hint) [Note: My compendium defines but doesn't paradigmatically employ the term, indirect object.]
 * noun phrase (e.g. Do you like French Creole music?)
 * transitive object (e.g. Yes, I love it! It's the first kind that I played as a child.) [Note 1 : This a tricky sentence to parse as "the first kind is both a stative object re. "it's" and a transitive object re. "played;" Note 2 : My compendium defines the term, subject complement but uses the term, stative object as one of several lexical categories that can complement a stative verb, which I've defined more narrowly than the ways that are discussed in the stative verb article.]
 * See generally verb and phrase (wherein verb entails 1 meaning with 151 collocations and phrase entails one applicable meaning with 1,422 collocations.

In short, when I read an article like Verb phrase, I credit everyone's attempts to synopsize the term, I sympathize with readers who don't recognize the undependability of definitions that are unwittingly rooted on a naive set theory basis, and I shake my head at Talkers who are quick to criticize the flaws in articles such as these but neither invest nor endure the time and effort required to improve them or to rationally refute whatever ails them. Kent Dominic 16:00, 6 December 2019 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Kent Dominic (talk • contribs)

Verb phrase nexus to content clause
This article doesn't suffice to explain how the subject of so-called content clause is embedded within the verb phrase of an independent clause, e.g., in "He told her (that) she was smart," she is the subject of the "she was smart" content clause which, in its entirety, is the object of the verb phrase, told her (that) she was smart (i.e., where "told" is part of the he told her independent clause). Traditional grammar terms have limitations for which modern terms provide mere band-aid remedies. --Kent Dominic·(talk) 19:35, 14 May 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Verb phrase


text:
User talk:Bart Versieck

 * Well: I just checked all my browsers in order to verify whether they are using a proxy currently, and they are not in fact, but still this IP range comes up when I try do determine which IP it is, so it's a big problem for me. Extremely sexy (talk) 12:45, 26 May 2019 (UTC)
 * Courtesy links for the reviewing admin: Blocklist, whois (Shows micfo as the owner of the /32 range), IPCheck. This range absolutely appears to be a webhost to me. This is very often caused by attempting to edit while using a VPN, an open proxy, or anonymizing software. SQL Query me!  03:49, 26 May 2019 (UTC)
 * I had to restart my desktop computer for not having any connection at all anymore, and now it says my IP is 2605:3E80:700:10:0:0:0:1A4F, but I'm still having the same problem (and I'm definitely not using a "VPN" or other anonymizing stuff, so how can I close this open proxy, if that's at all possible that is (it should be, since it's there all of u sudden!)? Extremely sexy (talk) 11:56, 26 May 2019 (UTC)
 * Update: I uninstalled some program, and now I've got a normal IP luckily! Extremely sexy (talk) 13:06, 26 May 2019 (UTC)

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 * style="width: 68%; border: 1px solid #B22222; border-right-width:4px; border-bottom-width:4px; vertical-align: top;" rowspan="3" |

 * User talk:Bart Versieck/Archive 1
 * User talk:Bart Versieck/Archive 2

 * Current status: > Awaiting posts.

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Your draft article, Draft:Clara Auteri

Hello, Bart Versieck. It has been over six months since you last edited the Articles for Creation submission or Draft page you started, "Clara Auteri".

In accordance with our policy that Wikipedia is not for the indefinite hosting of material deemed unsuitable for the encyclopedia mainspace, the draft has been deleted. When you plan on working on it further and you wish to retrieve it, you can request its undeletion. An administrator will, in most cases, restore the submission so you can continue to work on it.

Thanks for your submission to Wikipedia, and happy editing. Liz Read! Talk! 00:57, 4 September 2023 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Bart Versieck


text:
User:Jvc1

Jaime de la Vega Caballero / madrid / españa / jaime.delavega.caballero@gmail.com

title: User:Jvc1


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Blinklist

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. -Splash 22:55, 10 September 2005 (UTC)

Blinklist
Duplicate Sleepyhead 12:56, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Merge with BlinkList. --Sleepyhead 10:59, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. Wasn't there a VfD discussion here earlier? Why is it deleted? --Sleepyhead 10:59, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * It wasn't deleted. It was ignored, probably because you didn't put a section header on the discussion page or transclude the discussion page into any per-day page.  i.e. You didn't properly perform all of the steps for nominating an article for deletion, so only those editors who had actually read the article were even aware of the nomination. Uncle G 14:26:11, 2005-09-02 (UTC)
 * Delete Chunitaku 14:04, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Articles for deletion is not the place for dealing with duplicate articles, such as this. duplicate articles is.  Uncle G 14:26:11, 2005-09-02 (UTC)
 * Delete this and BlinkList. The articles appear to be adverts and neither assert nor demonstrate notability. Naturenet | Talk 10:56, 4 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Agree with Naturenet: even social bookmarking does not suggest that this item is notable. -- llywrch 19:31, 5 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User talk:Hayter

Any comments, questions or general threats, put them here and I'll get back to you, provided you sign your name. I'll reply on your own talk page, but will eventually include my replies here in italics as well, for my own reference.

The return of Enterprise continuity
I have cleared out all the POV in the Enterprise continuity article and am shopping it round prominent afders for their comments beofer trying to get it back up somewhere. i have shown it to Ritchy and Crossmr but am yet to get a response. It is about one fifth of its original size. Would you be interested in having a look? Magic Pickle Could you please repost "Enterprise Alleged Continuity Problems on Wikipedia; I promise not to tamper with it!User:VirginiaBoy

Enterprise Continuity
TOPIC: Star_Trek:_Enterprise_alleged_continuity_problems

Regarding Star Trek: Enterprise alleged continuity problems: Please don't change the properly formatted paragraphs back to the Issue, Reply, Responce soapbox format. That's why the cleanup tag is there. See Wikipedia:Votes_for_deletion/Star_Trek:_Enterprise_alleged_continuity_problems --JiFish(Talk/Contrib) 13:35, 9 November 2005 (UTC)

 * The nature of the article suggests that for clarity's sake, what you choose to call soapbox formatting works best. It's a necessary evil in order to best present the article. You'll notice that rather than the continued rebuttals present before you nominated it for deletion, (a vote which ended with a pretty safe keep), I've only included one issue and one reply for each section I've edited, keeping additional evidence (if it is warranted) in a seperate paragraph. Now I'm with you in that I'm not entirely sure this article should be here, but it is and so it should be made clearer and cleaner. The best way to do that is via the single issue/reply format that I've been inputting. A paragraph containing the arguments for and against a particular point will create nothing but confusion and will encourage the repitition of data (as the state of the article prior to this series of edits clearly shows). Your numerous reverts make it clear you don't like the format, but others do and as stated above, I believe it works best for this type of article.

I'm sorry, but I still disagree with you. This format encourages people to contribute in a soapbox style, by adding their own contribuations as a "reply" or "comment". Traditional formatting may be less clear, but this is a necessary evil to prevent the article turning back in to a soapbox style discussion. Editors should stick to the The manual of style. --JiFish(Talk/Contrib) 14:07, 9 November 2005 (UTC) To clarify, I'm not going to actually revert your edits. (To be honest, I'm pretty tired of keeping one eye on this article.) But I do think you should strongly consider changing it back to the format generally accepted in wikipedia. --JiFish(Talk/Contrib) 14:26, 9 November 2005 (UTC)

 * I understand that you don't like it, and in another time I might have agreed with you but here and now I don't. I don't want to see any more than you do, which is why I've done away with numerous rebuttals, sticking to single paragraphs for each. Any sensible user which sees that will simply add their own point to the relevant paragraph. Will there be some idiots who try and turn each section into a debate? Probably but you can't write articles trying to cater for the future stupidity/partisansip of some people - if we did that would make Wikipedia non-existant.

 * This article is of course widely open to POV editing and original research. Who's to say that those who don't like phase pistols are a majority or minority amongst Trek fans? And if we start asking for sources for each of these points, the article will end up with a collection of links to small-time forums with heavily biased fans as regulars. The Manual of Style cannot be applied to this article with a straight cover as it would an article about the series. Wikipedians have shown they want the article, they've shown they like the yes/no format in this case, but it just needs cleaned up. That's the result I'm going for. There are articles and templates I don't like myself, but which have proved popular with others. It's the nature of a project like this. In this case, whilst I feel this is the correct direction for the article to go at the moment, I'm not opposed to removing the Issue/Reply bullet points and simply having seperate paragraphs (and may well do that in my next edit), but the seperation of points should remain and in essence the tone and functionality of the page would stay the same.

Actually, I think removing the bullet points but leaving the structure the same would address all my concerns. Perhaps I didn't have an objection to the layout, merely the way that layout was presented? Thanks for your time. --JiFish(Talk/Contrib) 14:44, 9 November 2005 (UTC)

Hey, great work. Thanks. --JiFish(Talk/Contrib) 18:52, 9 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Glad you like the end(-ish) result. Thanks for the Barnstar. Much appreciated.

TOPIC: Star_Trek:_Enterprise_alleged_continuity_problems

Hello. This is my first post to the talk section, so my apologies if I'm breaking any of the rules of behavior. Not my intention.

To the matter at hand. The deletion of the Logical Fallacies section that was recently added. Your comment for justifying the deletion was that the Empire didn't worry about interior design.

Fair enough, but I think you're not following the point. I have re-inserted the material, and have tried to explain in greater detail why the problem isn't just a "oh, well, they had a limited budget to do each episode" but is, as stated, a logical fallacy. A contradiction that collapses the whole device called plot.

If you're going to delete it again, could you please explain in more detail than just a somewhat snippy one-liner?

Thank you.

adering

''See Talk:Star_Trek:_Enterprise_alleged_continuity_problems for my response. - Hayter 10:06, 2 December 2005 (UTC)''

Numenor & Atlantis
TOPIC: Atlantis in fiction

"per Tolkien himself, Númenór was definitely his version of Atlantis"

''I wouldn't be so bold as to say you were wrong, but I was under the impression that Tolkien was stringently opposed to people drawing parallels between his fiction and the 'real' world and as such, assumed this extended to other tales and fables. Though many commentators compare his work to European mythology, I was unaware that he himself did this. Do you perhaps have a link to an online source of information regarding this - I find the idea very interesting. - Hayter 10:49, 14 December 2005 (UTC)''

He wasn't quite as stringent as many people think. While opposing any attempt to make a one-to-one correlation between places in Middle Earth and places in the modern world, he did both explicitly and implicitly state that the areas covered by the trilogy's action and maps was the northwest area of the Old World -- that is, Europe -- and the Shire was of course a spiritual stand-in for England, even if not necessarily identical physically.

Tolkien's Middle Earth setting as a whole was always admitted to be a fictional pre-history of the real world, as noted in the prefatory matter to The Lord of the Rings. As such, Númenór was not merely a parallel to Atlantis, but his version thereof -- or rather, our Atlantis myth was at least implicitly presented as an imperfect memory of Númenór, the "real" Atlantis in his scheme of things.

While the existence of Atlantis in the real world's prehistory is dubious to say the least, its legendary role in that prehistory is well established -- and Númenór plays exactly that same role in Tolkien's fictional version of prehistory. (The role being, of course, that of a high maritime civilization that conquered much of Middle Earth = Europe that afterwards sank beneath the sea, but from which much of later civilization derived).

If Middle Earth is admitted to be an ancient version of our own world, the conclusion that Númenór is intended to be Atlantis is inescapable. Tolkien made this plain both in its corresponding role and in his alternative names for Númenór in the appendices to The Return of the King. I know of no online source for the identification, but if memory serves I believe the issue is addressed more directly in the published volume of his letters and Christopher Tolkien's History of Middle Earth set.

--BPK.

Okay, I've done a quick web search, and now I can provide you some references.

http://greenbooks.theonering.net/quickbeam/files/081503.html

makes much the same argument I have above.

http://fin.go.wifl.at.org/tables/html/numenor.htm

is a good presentation of Tolkien's various versions of the Númenór story.

http://www.merp.com/essays/MichaelMartinez/mmartineznumenortour

cites the smoking gun; Tolkien's actual equation of Númenór with Atlantis.

--BPK, 12/14/05.

''Very interesting, thanks for taking the time to look it up for me. I note that TORn calls this alignment with 'reality' unusual for Tolkien so perhaps my supposition was not completely false, but the similarities are obvious (and obviously intended) - Atalantë certainly makes a point.

''I should really get my own copy of The Silmarillion and investigate C Tolkien's publications. Thanks again.''

John Murray, 1st Marquess of Atholl
''I recently completed a substancial re-edit of John Murray, 1st Marquess of Atholl which you recently added a cleanup tag to - It's a subject I've researched but wouldn't claim to be an expert on. I'm not entirely sure on the formatting (particularly the presence of a trivia section for such a subject - it seems... tacky), but I think the information presented is clearer, more abundant and accurate. In case you weren't watching it, thought you may consider a re-read. - Hayter 21:24, 18 December 2005 (UTC)''

Nice work Hayter! I've done a bit o' wikifying on it too! :-) Craigy (talk) 22:26, 18 December 2005 (UTC)

AfD voting
Not that I'm trying to swing your vote (no, really, I'm not :) ), but I've noticed you make the point at least twice in deletion votes, that since you're new, your vote shouldn't count. Don't let that be your attitude. One of Wikipedia's foremost rules is Wikipedia: Be Bold. If your argument or position is unreasonable, then you'll likely be called up on it, but don't assume because you're new your vote doesn't count. I've only been editing for a few months, and I've created articles, moved them, nominated for deletion, uploaded images, reverted vandalism, deleted non-sensical sections. Naturally I made some mistakes but the WP community accepts that these happen, and generally moves on without another word.

''Oh, and most people respond on the talk page of the user who sent them the message. Koot may not be watching your talk page so might not have seen your above response, but if you had posted it on his talk page, he would have gotten an alert box saying, "you have new messages." Some experienced members do respond on their own pages, but the majority doesn't. I tend to respond on others talk pages, then copy and paste my own responses to my page in italics after a while, so I can go back, check, and still realise what the conversation's about. :) - Hayter 13:33, 23 December 2005 (UTC)''

Thanks for the words of encouragement and advise on my talk page, Hayter. Being bold sounds good and it's usually something I do pretty well. My being new to Wikipedia was not the most important reason to change my AfD votes; being too biased was. I created Section 47, so you bet I think it's important enough for an article ;) And if Section 47 is, so is Bravo Fleet. However, I didn't want to come across as vain or anything. Also, it didn't help that some folks from Section 47 reacted rather unfriendly. That's not what I wanted Section 47 to be, and that's not what I want to be associated with. Right now, I think the best action was to retract my votes on both articles. I'm sure that after some more time on Wikipedia, I'll feel more comfortable about my stance on such matters, and I'll feel more comfortable voting either way. ··· rWd · Talk ··· 14:35, 23 December 2005 (UTC)

Harry Potter fancruft
"Timeline of Harry Potter fan fiction" has been deleted, per WP:CSD G4 and per the AFD discussion. Thank you for noticing this. — F REAK OF N URxTURE  ( TALK )  14:58, Dec. 23, 2005

Userbox Categories
''Hey there. I noticed you edited the Template:User Scotland page, to bring it in line with pre-existing categories - I think this is a good idea but given that the idea of the template was to reflect nationality rather than location, I don't think "Wikipedians in Scotland" would be the best choice; similarly the "Wikipedians in the UK" would be the wrong choice for the used category itself. If there's a pre-existing category (or category format e.g. Wikipedians from X) then the template should use that but I really don't like switching nationality markers for location ones... In hindsight it may perhaps have been better to name the template "User Scottish." :P - Hayter 18:16, 3 January 2006 (UTC)

Hi - thanks for your message. I had a feeling that may be the case - hence the "rv if you want" comment. I totally agree with your reasoning - I personally think Cat:Wiks in the UK should not have been moved from Cat:UK Wiks. Nationality templates self-contain location, but not v.v.... oh well! Deano (Talk) 18:22, 3 January 2006 (UTC)

--

We are now discussing the possibility of moving "Wikipedians in the UK" to "British Wikipedians" (to conform to the standards set by others such as Category:Indian Wikipedians. Presumably if this is implemented then Scottish/Welsh will become legitamate subcategories?  Deano (Talk) 17:55, 5 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Absolutely - sounds like a good idea. Of course I'm drawn to think of Wikipedians in the UK who are not actually British... Ideally I'd prefer both categories, though I'm ignorant as to how much work this would entail. - Hayter 17:58, 5 January 2006 (UTC)

I think that the number of Wikipedians in the UK who don't consider themselves British is pretty negligible... although I have no basis for that comment. I suppose we could always revert back to ... But I'd say two simultaneous categories just gets messy and confusing. Deano (Talk) 18:05, 5 January 2006 (UTC)

User:UBX/Trekkie
Ok, I have reverted it back. I didnt look at the image page, noticing that it was user created. I assumed it was the (c) version that has been on Star Trek. --Romeo Bravo 21:31, 4 January 2006 (UTC)

THANK YOU for that image... finally, someone made one. -- Chris 01:01, 5 January 2006 (UTC)

A Liberal Idea?

 * I'm looking for information regarding why conservatives are traditionally and generally the ones who support the right to bear arms whereas liberals are against this. It's struck me as apparently hypocritical of both sides; the Right is interested in national defence, throws money at the military and intelligence agencies, is in favour of such actions as warrant-less wire taps, but actively fights for the individual's right to own firearms which could be used against the state, whereas liberals protect free speech to the point where it may cause secular hatred and lead to violence, are in favour of civil liberties and are all about "freedom to" but are against the freedom to own firearms. It's an issue that's crept up between a friend and I and I'm at a loss to explain it. I'd be gratetful if anyone (I assume those editing this article have researched the issue more than I) could point me towards a source that explains why this is, as it seems inherently illogical at first glance. I understand the arguments for and against gun control, but I don't understand why those different positions are championed by the people they are, rather than the other way round. - Hayter 21:55, 11 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Well, your definition of Right and Left (or Right and Liberal as the Americans say) might be confusing in understanding the issues. You state that those on the 'Right' want to allow weapons which can be used against the state. A lot of modern Rightists do not believe in the maintenance of the 'State' at all - so this wouldn't be a problem to them. Libertariins, who could easily be considered 'Right wing' (although many Libertarians do not recognise right and left) would allow firearms, but would probably privatise the military and would seek to dismantle the 'State'. Your definition of Liberals as protecting freedom of speech to the point of allowing hatred (presumably racism) is not always reflected by leftists - most UK leftists fully support anti-race hate laws. Look at our proposed anti-religious hate laws - I think these sorts of laws are more likely to come from the left. As another example, Anarchists would allow firearms, but could not be considered 'Right wing'. So the definitions of Right and Left avoid the complexity of views on this. As both you and me are from the UK, Hayter, we have to recognise that for the most part, moderate right and moderate left in our country agree on the ban on personal ownership of firearms. I recognise that in the US it is a different story. But that's their problem! Thanks Magic Pickle 19:05, 20 June 2006 (UTC)

Good question - here is some food for thought... Your observation is correct; there is no "logical" reason for the left in America to be opposed to firearms. The reasons behind it are historical, political, and emotional - not based in a well-reasoned ideology. This observation about lack of coherent ideology could probably be equally applied to both major American parties.- O^O
 * Some of the earliest gun control laws were passed in the south to insure that newly freed slaves couln't arm themselves. Since the south was solidly democratic, these laws (along with other Jim Crow statutes) were supported by the democratic party.
 * The left saw several of its heros taken by firearms in the 1960's - John F. Kennedy, Robert Kennedy, Martin Luther King, Jr. - this led to a strong emotional opposition to firearms.
 * Ideology of the right is more grounded in a sense of "personal responsibility". Without a belief in personal responsibility, it is harder to logically support privately held firearms.  The idiology of the left is more grounded in "social responsibility", where it is easier to dictate what is and isn't allowed for the public good.

 * ''I was recently reading through my talk page and realised I had forgotten to thank you for the comments you offered here. My apologies for the late response, but I do appreciate your insights, even if I might not agree with all your points. :) - Hayter 11:34, 29 April 2006 (UTC)

Devolved Union?
''Hey there. Was just looking at your userpage and noticed that you have userboxes - I'm afraid I'm going to have to ask you to leave Wikipedia, as you are creating division and strife within the community, which I don't think should really exist and doesn't really care about Wikipe...

''Sorry - I've been channelling Kelly Martin all day now. I was actually looking at your userboxes and wondering how it was that you could support devolution within the UK, and yet still be in favour of the union. It was only just now whilst writing this, that I pieced together the green union jack and the phrase, "unionist" and realised that those in Ireland use that word in a different manner to me. So... there you go.

''Seriously though, the two do seem to contradict each other, even if you're talking about the Northern Ireland situation as opposed to the mainland. - Hayter 23:24, 11 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Howdy, I am a Unionist and believe that Northern Ireland is better off within the United Kingdom, but I also believe that we, well all the regions of the UK, should be able to make some decisions (health, transport, education etc) for ourselves. I think the confusion is the word "Devolution" is not the devolution of the Union, but devolution of some law making ability to the regions.

 * Currently this is happening in Scotland and Wales, and to a lesser extent Grater London, but here all the decisions about Health, Education, and more importantly for me University Top-up fees, are made by Labour MPs who have probably never even been to Northern Ireland. Labour also do not canvas in Northern Ireland, so none of them have even been elected by people in Northern Ireland.

 * If we had our own assembly, within the UK (that's the important part of the userbox) then like Scotland we would have no top-up fees, none of the main Northern Ireland parties supported them (DUP, Sinn Fein, UUP, SDLP). It’s a bit like in the United States or France where each state/region has its own legislature but there is also a central Government who looks after Foreign Policy, Taxes etc.

 * I doubt that made much sense but there it is. You will find that most people in Northern Ireland support some level of autonomy for the region, but some think its part of a long-term re-unification of Ireland, others hope it’s just part of devolution and will go no further. Thanks for stopping by. - Keith Greer  [[Image:Flag of Northern Ireland2.svg|30px]] 23:50, 11 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I have just realised you are Scottish, I wrote that as if I was talking someone from England, or outside the UK.'' - Keith Greer  [[Image:Flag of Northern Ireland2.svg|30px]] 23:55, 11 January 2006 (UTC)

Fuck You
Fuck you asshole. Allahu Akbar. -24.94.122.112 (unsigned)

 * ''God's greatness aside, your conduct will likely result in a ban from wikipedia if it continues. You have violated WP:CIVIL on more than one occassion and this is an act that is frowned upon by the community - not me personally. Frankly I don't know why you were offended by me signing your comment before - I assumed the mistaken signature was simply a result of unfamiliarity with the wikipedia set-up on your part - certainly nothing malicious. Regarding Meryl Silverburgh, I believe you're correct in asserting that she is eighteen, but use of the word 'asshole' won't help you convince people. Neither will Allah. - Hayter 18:48, 18 January 2006 (UTC)

Renominating deleted articles
To renominate a deleted article (like our favorite Expansion Fleet), please use afdx instead of afd. (I have just done so and renominated Expansion Fleet (you may share your opinion here), as I was getting tired of putting a db-repost tag on it again and again. Thank you, and happy editing! Kusma (討論) 14:03, 21 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Hey, thanks for that. I'll bear it in mind for future EF deletions. ;) - Hayter 11:38, 22 January 2006 (UTC)

Userbox changes
You have changed the userbox template for Template:User England. I am from England, but I now live in the USA; therefore, I can no longer use the userbox in its current form. The template was created to describe our country of origin, and you changed it to describe something completely different. Furthermore, there has been no discussion about this in the appropriate place, so I am reverting it. -- Scjessey 18:52, 2 March 2006 (UTC)
 * I have the same problem.  The lack of discussion or notice is NOT appreciated!  Remember when you change a template, you affect all the linked pages, so it should only be done with great care.  I live in Canada but originate from the U.K.  The phrase "comes from" does not mean "lives in"!  I'm just removing the userbox from my page until the purpose of the box is settled.  Slowmover 21:55, 2 March 2006 (UTC)
 * ''Did you check the edit history? If you would care to, you'll see my edit summary includes a link to Wikipedia talk:Userboxes/Location/United Kingdom where this issue is being discussed and everyone who has responded has agreed with the reformatting. I regret that there is no easy way to contact everyone using these templates directly, but as noted there was the original link and every template I have changed now has a notice and link to the same discussion on their talkpages. The distinction between "comes from" and "lives in" that you note is precisely what has spurred this on, as there was (and to an extent still is) a degree of confusion and clear error relating the text of user boxes and the assigned categories i.e. One userbox read, "This user comes from X" but included the category, "Wikipedians in X."
 * I completely understand your position, but I would ask that you attempt to understand mine and in the practice, I believe you'll find we think alike on this. The suggestion that I have not thought this through or been careful in my edits is not appreciated itself. - Hayter 16:42, 3 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Thanks for your reply. I apologize for being so abrupt and jumping to conclusions. Slowmover 17:16, 6 March 2006 (UTC)

BBC 24
''I like the current version of the BBC 24 userbox. Good parody. I also like what you've done with your (first) userpage. - Hayter 21:03, 2 March 2006 (UTC)''

 * Thanks, It's my new policy on userboxes, I created, which were turned into intrest templates by admins. - The Keith [[Image:Flag of Northern Ireland2.svg|30px]] 15:20, 5 March 2006 (UTC)

Template talk:User United Kingdom

 * ''Regarding the situation here, if I were to Request a Comment, how would I do so? I have looked at the categories on WP:RFC and none of them seem to fit a userbox dispute very well.

 * ''The reason I ask is because I have little doubt that I am in the right here, and I believe it to be a safe assumption that the other side feels the same way about themselves and there is no real compromise to be reached here - it should be one or the other. If more people comment in good faith (by good faith I mean something above "all userboxes are stupid") and there is a clear consensus against my point, I have no problem leaving the template as is however I am reluctant to do so because of what I see as two users (one of which is now using a more correct template anyway) being stubborn and hypocritical reverting the edit simply because it has been revealed that they were using the template under a misconception.

 * ''The proposal I put forth at Wikipedia talk:Userboxes/Location/United Kingdom with five comments (4:1 in favour) is clearly not a scientificly accurate indicator of the wishes of everyone who uses these templates and I have not purported it to be so, but at present it is the best we have and as such I feel it should hold more weight than the assumptions put forth by SteveRwanda. I see it as little different from a Tfd discussion - not everyone who uses it will coment or vote, but the decision will be upheld regardless.

 * I don't mean to make my case for change to you personally, but your "straw poll" comment led me to believe that's how you viewed the proposal and I would like to make you aware of how I see it. - Hayter 15:26, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

Thanks for your message. My straw poll comment was because a) Straw polls are bad and don't always promote discussion, b) They can be seen as final but yet it may be more appropriate to reconsider in the future, c) It is easy for them not to reflect overall community views. I understand how both parties are slightly to blame, and also how they have both tried to overcome the situation. Although I do not want to become involved in the situation (since I have used admin tools on the page in the conflict), but I hope that it is possible for a conclusion to be reached. Another straw poll could be highly appropriate, as long as people explain their choise, and others explain why they feel they are misguided. Personally I think all parties are acting in good faith, especially due to lack of reverts after unprotection. Unfortunatly it does seem that userboxes don't fit into RfC atall (however bringing it there could lead to the "all userboxes are stupid" views). You may wishto host a local request for comment over content within the talk page, and possibly add a notice into the userbox to highlight this. I hope this is of some use :) Ian13/ talk 18:09, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

United Kingdom template
Hi Hayter, this might be a stupid question (and if it is, forgive me, I'm quite new), but why can't we have two userboxes, one saying "lives in" and one saying "come from", each linking to a different category? Con Dem Talk 02:25, 10 April 2006 (UTC)

 * ''We can, and we do. There was already User British before but some people didn't like that because they weren't overly proud of where they came from. So when this discussion began, I created User British2, which shares the same style as the one under vote, but is designed to indicate nationality rather than location, as I believe this one is. The point of contention is whether User United Kingdom is a location or nationality indicator. I believe the former, but if it is the latter, then User British2 is redundant and should be deleted.
 * ''Don't worry about asking such questions - most established users on WP remember being new themselves. - Hayter 10:54, 10 April 2006 (UTC)

Simming Organization Importance Template
I'm considering removing the template from the Simming Organization article, but I wanted your input on it first, since you added the template in the first place. I'll be watching your talk page for a while, and I'm watching the Talk:Simming Organization page to keep an eye out for anything you have to say on it. :) Thanks for bringing that issue up, and for your contributions to the article. You've helped a lot! • WarpFlyght (talk) 08:44, 29 April 2006 (UTC)

Star Trek Titan
Hey, just wanted to say thanks for your work on Star Trek: Titan, and the good commuinication about editing issues. I went back to the article tonight and saw loads of new stuff and loved it. Keep up the good work, Chuck 08:48, 3 May 2006 (UTC)

 * ''I think about 40% of my edits are to talk pages. I think they're woefully underused and nothing bugs me more than people making conflicting edits and using (if anything) only the summaries to communicate with each other. The Titan article's not so bad, but after having edited a number of more controversial pages on this and other wikis, I like to take full advantage of the talk pages because no one person has all the answers and/or best ideas. - Hayter 05:30, 5 May 2006 (UTC)

Moslems: A brief response

 * I noticed your comments regarding spelling of this word on someone else's talk page. As I understand it, Moslem either phonetically or when translated sound similar to 'Oppressor' in Arabic, and as a result, it is now considered polite to use Muslim'' in general conversation. I cannot claim to have read extensively on this subject, but it is something I wondered about a few years ago as well and if I recall arite, this is what my brief research threw up. - Hayter 18:11, 13 May 2006 (UTC)

I have heard the same thing that you recently posted on my talk page. I tried to avoid getting that response when I wrote that neither form is spelled phonetically and either way most Anglophones pronounce it techincally incorrectly. But I don't care how Anglophones pronounce it. There is a proper Arabic pronounciation and a proper English one (which is different). The Spanish say musulmán, which is hardly like any Arabic word I know of and nobody complains. I think the English ought to spell and pronounce it however they please. If someone takes offence, that is his or her problem. In English it's innocent enough, it simple means "adherent of Islam" however you spell or pronounce it. Anyways, no offence is here intended or in my spelling of "Moslem," I just think that there's an issue when people try to dictate for political or religious reasons how to spell a word when spelling has been already established. Srnec 22:18, 13 May 2006 (UTC)

AFD
Thanks for the suggestion. This is the first time I've nominated an article previously nominated and what a headache. I didn't read the fine print and it took me two or three minutes to get everything linked properly so that it would show up right. --Crossmr 19:19, 13 June 2006 (UTC)

Thanks
Thanks for the revert on my userpage, but it wasn't a vandal, just me logged out. It's the thought that counts, anyway. Deleuze 23:40, 14 June 2006 (UTC)

Image:Smstarfleetacademy.png
I've changed the tag on this image from the pd-self to logo. The reason is the image is a derivative work of Image:Sf academy.jpg. I took these two images, scaling your image up to the same size as the other, and found the shape, dimensions, placement and general color scheme to be virtually identical. As such, Paramount retains copyright on the image you uploaded. If you have questions about this, please feel free to ask. Thanks, --Durin 20:11, 19 July 2006 (UTC)

Orphaned fair use image (Image:Smstarfleetacademy.png)
Thanks for uploading Image:Smstarfleetacademy.png. I notice the 'image' page currently specifies that the image can be used under a fair use license. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful.

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Gran Turismo 4
Would you still have a few minutes to come back to help out with Criticisms in Gran Turismo 4?--SportWagon 22:47, 2 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Problem got solved.--SportWagon 23:38, 23 March 2007 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image (Image:Romulanbirdofpreyent.jpg)
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Fair use rationale for Image:Hyperdrive main.jpg
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Fair use rationale for Image:Camdenlock 640.jpg
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Vote
Template Bloodsports —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.64.160.46 (talk) 12:22, 11 November 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Usstitan.jpg
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 * Image:1701Aspacedock.jpg, Image:STOlympicClass.jpg, Image:Romulanscoutship.jpg, Image:Romulansciencevessel.jpg, Image:Romulanvaldoreclass.jpg, Image:D7disruptors.jpg, Image:Romulanbirdofpreytos.jpg, Image:Romulandroneship.jpg, Image:Romulanshuttlecraft.jpg, and Image:Sportsnight.jpg as well. -- Ricky81682 (talk) 03:42, 22 December 2007 (UTC)

File source problem with File:Johnmurray1atholl.jpg
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WikiProject Star Trek
Hello, Hayter, this message is being sent to inform you that, due to over two years editing inactivity, your username has been taken off of the list of Wikipedia Project Star Trek active conributers. If you have returned to active editing Wikipedia, please re add your name to the list of active contributers. Thank you, -- Alpha Quadrant (talk) 16:06, 1 June 2010 (UTC)

Disputed non-free use rationale for File:Camdenlock 640.jpg
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ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:09, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:33, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

MfD nomination of Template:User Scotland
Template:User Scotland, a page which you created or substantially contributed to, has been nominated for deletion. Your opinions on the matter are welcome; you may participate in the discussion by adding your comments at Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/Template:User Scotland and please be sure to sign your comments with four tildes ( ~ ). You are free to edit the content of Template:User Scotland during the discussion but should not remove the miscellany for deletion template from the top of the page; such a removal will not end the deletion discussion. Thank you. Sou mya- 8974 (he) talk con tribs sub pages 12:32, 29 December 2020 (UTC)

title: User talk:Hayter