text:
Talk:Cherry

A note
I have deleted four useless and xenophobic adjectives.Cybertwerp 17:59, 21 September 2007 (UTC) --Cybertwerp 17:59, 21 September 2007 (UTC) I think the reason that Cherry Blossom redirects to here, is due to the fact that the whole basis of the Cherry Blossom comes from the flowering cherry tree. I do however agree, Cherry Blossom should have its own individual page with its own specific information. - Tytyga 19:02, 13 May 2006 (UTC)

"Cherry Tree" Should Not Re-Direct Here
I wanted to learn information about the trees, not the fruit. Such as how big do they get if grown from a pit/seed rather than a graph. --68.118.201.68 (talk) 02:43, 31 December 2012 (UTC)

Cherry blossom shouldn't redirect here -- it has important cultural significance, outside the meaning of "cherry" itself, in japan.

Removed this, as the references show it to apply to fruit generally, not specifically limited to cherries - MPF 21:40, 10 February 2006 (UTC)

I agree that Cherry tree is very different than the fruit. Having read about hemlock trees and how hardy they are and where they originate and how the wood and bark is used. What's up with this? No botonist would catagorize trees by their fruit. Pine trees all have fruit also. Should they redirect to "pine cones"? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.82.107.33 (talk) 16:18, 25 April 2015 (UTC)

Where is the mention of cherry lumber? Cherry wood is a prized furniture wood, with good working properties, and medium hardness. It's color darkens with age. Certainly this merits discussion. Hermanoere (talk) 23:04, 2 November 2015 (UTC)

Legal issues
The FDA has threatened the U.S. cherry industry with legal measures unless it stops mentioning health benefits of cherries. The FDA has sent letters to cherry distributors saying that when health benefits are mentioned, the cherries then become "drugs" that are subject to seizure (FDA Threatens to Raid Cherry Orchards, William Faloon, Life Extension Magazine, March 2006).

 * One of the links was wrong, that's all. RJII 21:49, 10 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Sorry, but I'm still very far from convinced that it should be included here; firstly the unchanged link states that it is "cherry and other Fruit-Based Products" (my italics), which shows that the principle of the ban is a general one and thus if to be included, should be on the 'fruit' page; secondly, it is a relatively insignificant parochial decision limited to just one country, and as such is not really encyclopaedic information. - MPF 23:36, 10 February 2006 (UTC)

annual production
the figures are impossible. it equates to about 20Kg per day of cherries per person globally. nice but i don't think so! crazy!86.1.38.164 (talk) 16:05, 10 May 2008 (UTC) 45698 million tonnes? did i read that right? 45.7 BILLION tonnes of cherries per year? wouldn't that be about 6 tonnes of cherries per person? is this correct? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.164.13.30 (talk) 03:50, 1 June 2008 (UTC)

Agreed. FAO statistics give more like 2 million tonnes for 2007.Samogon (talk) 21:27, 19 August 2008 (UTC)

 * When I corrected the Serbia figure, I did not check the world production.  But since not all producing countries are listed by us, the world figure probably had an independent source (i.e., it was prob. not jsut the sum of the entries' values).Kdammers (talk) 03:21, 30 September 2013 (UTC)

surviving
cherry tree survives durning winter

Moved from article
''foto of cherries is wrong yellow-pink cherries r Qu. Ann/Napoleon, Royal Ann, or Hungarian Cherries not Avium!! Myson'' —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 64.180.110.23 (talk • contribs) 22:55, August 26, 2006. not only but cherries are good lol!!!!!!!!!!!!

cherry as wood
Why is there no mention made of the cherry tree's wood? Cherry tree lumber is certainly one of the most important hardwoods, especially in fine cabinetry--and so is veneer made of cherry wood. I wish I knew more about it, but without that information, the article is not sufficiently informative. NaySay 21:23, 17 March 2007 (UTC)

 * I completely agree. About all I know about the wood of a cherry tree is that, under exposure to sunlight (I presume the UV spectrum in particular), cherry wood significantly darkens. Some more info here would be great. Listrophy (talk) 14:33, 7 July 2008 (UTC)

 * NaySay You are correct Cherry wood is highly valued as a cabinet wood.  The wood used is from P. serotina (Wild Black Cherry, Black Cherry, Rum Cherry).  The wood is very valuable- and expensive.   What I want to know who said the other varieties aren't valued for food.   Black cherry is used, among other uses, to flavor soda, liquor (Hence the name Rum Cherry), and ice cream.  The tree is native to North America and grows quite large (80-100 feet) as opposed to 40-60 for sweet and sour cherries, unlike other cherry trees, but is an invasive species in Europe.  Also Bush Cherries which include;  Nanking cherries (P. tomentosa), Hansen's Bush Cherry (Prunus besseyi ‘Hanson’), Sand Cherries (All 4 varieties), Carmine Jewel (Prunus cerasus X Prunus fruiticosa), E.M. Meader's Bush Cherries (Jan, Joel, and Joy varieties - they are crosses of Prunus japonica X Prunus jacquemontii), Wild Chokecherries (Prunus virginiana), Amur Chokecherries (Prunus maackii), Japanese/Korean Bush Cherry (Prunus japonica), and European Dwarf Cherry/Mongolian Cherry (Prunus fruticosa) -  all have value in making jams, jellies, pies, pastries, sauces, juices, wine, as a flavoring in liquor (especially Hooch), and less commonly eaten raw.  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.242.136.201 (talk) 14:23, 28 March 2010 (UTC)
 * Nothing appears to have been done so as to incorporate this into the article. Peter Horn User talk 19:30, 25 October 2014 (UTC)
 * OK, I found a brief mention in Cherry Peter Horn User talk 20:20, 25 October 2014 (UTC)

Prunus arthurella
Hello, I'm one of the administrators of Polish Wikipedia. An unregistered user has created an article about a species of cherry (Wiśnia arthura - prunus arthurella). He said that it is a new species, which is additionally very rare and has been developed and grown in Wales. Google does not return any hits when a query is sent to the search engine. Is the information true, or can it be classified as a hoax? Please, give me answer here. Regards, Wiktoryn 21:25, 18 May 2007 (UTC)

how tall do they grow?
I think the article could use a mention of this. Btyner (talk) 18:45, 30 December 2007 (UTC)

You will die of poisining two species?
"There is a slight chance there will be to much mercury in the cherry you eat and you will die of poisioning two species..." That doesn't make sense. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Ginbot86 (talk • contribs) 04:40, 1 February 2008 (UTC)

spurious slang definition
"In many parts of North America they are among the first tree fruits to ripen; hence the colloquial term 'cherry' to mean 'new' or 'the first', e.g. 'in cherry condition'."

I'd just take this out as not too relevant. The slang etymology of 'cherry' is not based on 'new' or 'the first', but rather 'virgin', with 'cherry' and 'cherry popping' being a known hymen and de-flowering references.Samogon (talk) 21:27, 19 August 2008 (UTC)

Which Species Are Native Where?
What a sloppy article. It states that North America has two native species and Europe/Asia has three but does not say which ones! Can someone fix this? Thank you.174.6.130.25 (talk) 12:25, 28 July 2009 (UTC)BeeCier

 * It is sloppy but I don't blame the authors as I just spent way more time than I want to admit researching this. Okay major things that are wrong with the article-

 * fruit that contains 6 very rough seeds - What type of cherries have they been eating.  Cherry fruits are stone fruits (Plums, Nectarines, Peaches, and Cherries) and contain only 1 pit per fruit....  at least the last time I ate stone fruit they were....

 * Native Cherry Trees (Excluding intentional hybrids) to North America- I may have missed some, but it is quite a bit more than 2;

 * Prunus serotina (Black Cherry, Wild Rum Cherry)- Valued highly for its lumber and its bark is still used for medicinal purposes. Cherry was used to make Cherry Bounce, which is black cherry + liquor or brandy.  It is used for jams, jellies, syrups, pies, liquor flavoring, soda flavoring, and in ice cream flavoring.  Many websites incorrectly state all parts of the plant are toxic-  this is incorrect and only the leaves are toxic.  The cherries are of high value to wildlife.  Tree grows 80-100 feet tall.

 * Prunus pumila. Taxonomy wise there is great confusion as under modern taxonomy there would be 4 variations however many guides only list 3 variations while others list 4 while others still yet classify the Sesquehana Sand Cherry into its own species instead of a variation.  Some guides, and most garden retailers, still list them as Prunus besseyi  (Western Sand Cherry, Rocky Mountain Cherry, Bessey's Cherry, Hansen's Bush Cherry), Prunus Depressa (Eastern Sand Cherry, Flat Cherry, Prostrate Cherry, Appalachian Sand Cherry), Prunus cuneata (Sesquehana Sand Cherry/Canadian Sand Cherry), and Prunus Pumila var Pumila (Great Lakes sand cherry).  Prunus besseyi can, rarely, grow as tall as 9 feet but usually grows to 3-5 feet-- the other varieties grow to 1.5-2 feet.   Prunus Besseyi in particular is documented as being  cultivated by settlers as early as 1756.  Somewhere between 1906-1912 Dr Neil E. Hansen bred an improved cultivar of Prunus besseyi that produced larger fruit, more palatable fruit, had more abundant fruit production, larger fruit to pit ratio, and is mildew resistant originally marketed as the 'Improved Dwarf Rocky Mountain Cherry' and is known today as the Hansen's/Hanson's Bush Cherry or Hensen's Pie Bush Cherry. Hansen, among other botanist at the time, intentionally crossed Prunus Besseyi with other cherry and plum trees to produce hybrids that were cold and drought tolerant that could be grown in the US Northern Prairie and Canadian Prairie.  The tree is comonly planted as an ornamental edible shrub prized for its deep wine/purple fall foliage.  Fruits are used; raw, to make pies, make wines, make jellies, and make jams.    Prunus Besseyi is comonly used as root stock to dwarf other cherry, plum, nectarine, and peach trees.  Distribution is as follows;

 * Western sand cherry occurs from Ontario south to Arkansas and west to Utah, Montana, and Saskatchewan.
 * Eastern sand cherry occurs from Quebec and Newfoundland south to Tennessee and west to Ontario.
 * Great Lakes sand cherry occurs from Ontario south to Pennsylvania and west to Iowa and Minnesota.
 * Sesquehana sand cherry occurs from Quebec and Newfoundland south to Virginia and west to Minnesota and Manitoba

 * Prunus virginiana (Chokecherry/Wild Black Cherry) Extremely important to wildlife and livestock as a food plant. The Fruits are used to make wines, syrups, jellies, and jams.  Also planted as an ornamental tree.

 * Prunus pensylvanica (Pin Cherry)- Has high value for wildlife as food and is used as a ornamental plant.

 * Prunus emarginata (Bitter Cherry- has high value for livestock and wildlife.  Plant was used by Native Americans for tools and for medicines)

 * Prunus alabamensis (Alabama Cherry, Alabama Black Cherry)- Fruit is important as a food source wildlife.

 * Prunus caroliniana (Carolina Cherry laurel)- used as an ornamental plant for its foliage. Foliage is toxic to livestock.  Berries attract birds

 * Hybrids need to be mentioned-
 * The Purple Leaf Sandcherry (Which is very often planted as an ornamental plant for it's purple leaves) is an intentional cross between the Western Sand Cherry and the Pissardii Plum. Its listed Incorrectly as Prunus cistena it shoulf be P. X cistena to indicate it is a cross
 * The crosses of Prunus cerasus (pie cherries) with Prunus fruiticosa that has been carried on by the University of Saskachewan- such as the Carmine Jewel. The original work was done by Dr. Les Kerr in the 1940's and has produced several cold hardy cherry trees hardy up to zone 2.  The Camille Jewel was released in 1999 and is sold in the US now.  Other varieties, Romeo and Juliet and Valentine for example, developed from this work are waiting for testing to be released into the US.
 * The crosses between Prunus japonica and Prunus jacquemontii done by E.M. Meader of the University of New Hampshire- Jan, Joel, and Joy Bush cherries.
 * The crosses Prunus besseyi and Prunus salicina known as cherry-plums done in the late 1880's- early 1900's to produce fruiting trees that could be grown on the prairie.

 * Some (Not All) of Websites that this data was drawn from

 * http://www.articlesbase.com/advice-articles/history-of-the-cherry-tree-46310.html
 * http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=PRUNU
 * http://www.ag.ndsu.edu/trees/handbook/th-3-45.pdf
 * http://www.jstor.org/pss/1224559
 * http://fruitandnuttrees.com/cherry-plum-prunus-besseyi-prunus
 * http://www.fruit.usask.ca/dwarfsourcherries.html
 * http://nrcslearn.sc.egov.usda.gov/AglearnCS/consforestry/content508/supporting_material/Silvics-Volumes/volume_2/prunus/pensylvanica.htm
 * http://www.fruit.usask.ca/articles/Availability%20of%20SK%20cherries%20in%20US2010.pdf
 * http://gardenline.usask.ca/fruit/cherryp.html
 * http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/shrub/prupum/all.html
 * http://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=PRCA
 * http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/tree/pruvir/all.html
 * http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/shrub/prupum/all.html
 * http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=PRUNU
 * http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/67220/
 * http://www.backyardgardener.com/plantname/pd_70b9.html
 * http://plants.usda.gov/java/nameSearch?keywordquery=Prunus+susquehanae&mode=sciname&submit.x=12&submit.y=8
 * http://www.gardenology.org/wiki/Prunus
 * http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?30083
 * http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?449819
 * http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?402958
 * http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?449818
 * http://www.arborday.org/Shopping/Trees/TreeDetail.cfm?ID=245&trackingID=126&gclid=CLKdhqSF2aACFUg65wodjVzOAw
 * http://www.directgardening.com/detail.asp?ProductID=6223
 * http://www.directgardening.com/detail.asp?pid=5694
 * http://idigmygarden.com/forums/showthread.php?t=5926
 * http://forums2.gardenweb.com/forums/load/fruit/msg0516102213934.html
 * http://www.windward.org/notes/notes65/tara65_1.htm
 * http://jhered.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/pdf_extract/15/4/169
 * http://treesandshrubs.about.com/od/commonshrubs/p/PurpleLeafSandC.htm
 * http://hort.ufl.edu/trees/prucera.pdf
 * http://www.planthardiness.gc.ca/ph_spp_intro.pl?lang=en&speciesid=1000888
 * http://www.planthardiness.gc.ca/ph_spp_intro.pl?lang=en&speciesid=1005598
 * http://www.ext.nodak.edu/extnews/hortiscope/tree/cherry.htm
 * http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Prunus_Pt2.html
 * http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Prunus_Pt3.html
 * http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Prunus_Pt1.html
 * http://www.jstor.org/pss/3625642
 * http://www.actahort.org/members/showpdf?booknrarnr=10_27
 * http://www.uga.edu/fruit/cherry.html
 * http://www.woodturns.com/articles/wood/cherry.htm
 * http://jhered.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/pdf_extract/os-1/2/190
 * http://www.fruit.usask.ca/2003_cherries.doc
 * http://www.sln.potsdam.ny.us/bcherries.html
 * http://www.fruit.usask.ca/articles/cherries.pdf (History of SK Cherries)
 * http://www.overthehillorchards.ca/Prairie%20Cherry%20FAQ.html (Prairie Cherries)
 * http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?9887 (US GRINS Subgenus - Note Sand Cherries and Nankings are not in Subgenus Cerasus in GRINS)
 * http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?20151 (US GRINS SUbgenis)
 * http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jjshs/75/1/75_72/_article
 * http://www.mail-archive.com/thephantomwriters@yahoogroups.com/msg00407.html (1922 debate on what is a real cherry)
 * http://forums.gardenweb.com/forums/load/edible/msg0116065222664.html
 * http://www.crfg.org/pubs/bkrev/CornucopiaII.html
 * http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0962808725
 * http://botany.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/cgi/ruled_html_query?colldir=kartesz%2Fmgdata&collname=bonap98&query=Cerasus (Different Guide than GRINS- Lists Nanking and SandCherry as Subgenus Cerasus)
 * http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/content/full/91/6/985

 * http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost/access/40779278.html?dids=40779278:40779278&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Apr+22%2C+1999&author=Charles+Fenyvesi&pub=The+Washington+Post&desc=Rhyme+and+Reason+Along+the+Tree+Line&pqatl=google (Good article on the problems of identifying cherry and plums and what the problem is)
 * http://books.google.com/books?id=cjHCoMQNkcgC&pg=PA732&sig=gD-_AGlOyO8Pol3MRVhoPds_LcA#v=onepage&q=&f=false
 * http://www.maes.msu.edu/nwmihort/drkswtch.html
 * http://www.uga.edu/fruit/cherry.html
 * http://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/pubs/fls/OCRPDF/127.pdf
 * http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/02-037.htm
 * http://www.pots2plots.com/Fruit/Cherry%20Cultivars.htm
 * http://www.nature.com/hdy/journal/v89/n1/fig_tab/6800101t1.html#figure-title (Genetic comparison of 76 common Sweet Cherry Cultivars) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.242.136.201 (talk) 15:58, 4 April 2010 (UTC)

 *  Obviously there are more edible (And Palatable to Humans) cherries than just Sour, Sweet, and Nanking
 * More than just Sour/Sweet are grown commercially - Black Cherry is grown commercially for its timber and it's fruit, Nanking Cherries are grown commercially in the US Northwest
 * Hansen's Bush Cherry is not a Nanking Cherry (I corrected that obvious mistake)- It will take a while for the mirrors to stop spreading that misinformation.
 * Depending on the Brix (Sugar content) of the cherry... The Sour Cherry can be sweater than the sweet cherry. This is especially true of some of the U of S varieties.
 * Finally I don't have the volition or the stomach for the editing war that would ensue if I fixed the article myself....

Reintroduction to England
The article provides three references to say that cherries were 'reintroduced' to England on Henry VIII's orders. The wild cherry is native to southern England and is quite edible, so this presumably refers to certain cultivated forms being introduced, and is confused anyway since it does not say when it was first introduced. I'm tempted to take the whole section out ... ? Imc (talk)

 * I removed both the 'reintroduction' bit for England, and the suggestion that cherries were not known in Western Europe till introduced from Turkey. There is plenty of evidence that the wild fruit was gathered and eaten, even if the tree was not cultivated. Imc (talk) 19:26, 4 September 2009 (UTC)

Overlap with Prunus
I propose that the bulk of the botanic information which is also in the Prunus article be removed from this one, and that this article be restricted to the fruit. With links to related articles such as cherry blossom. Imc (talk) 19:48, 4 September 2009 (UTC)

Not Accurate?
Quoted from the article under Botany>Species: "This list contains many Prunus species that bear the common name cherry; however they are mostly of little or no value for their fruit." I put a tag in there but perhaps we should remove the point it makes about most cherries being of little value for their fruit. My source against this is: http://www.pfaf.org/database/search_name.php?ALLNAMES=Cerasus Just because they're not typically used in by our economy does not mean they're of little value. Furthermore, if we decide they are indeed of little value to humans, we must specifically say that and not make a broad statement which would also mean they're not of value to other creatures as well. Khono (talk) 17:58, 7 December 2009 (UTC)

 * It needs to be taken out altogether-  Black Cherry (Prunus serotina) is very commonly commercially used to flavor beverages (Especially soda and Rum), to make pies, and Ice Cream- It is very much commercialized.   Nanking Cherries are also commercialized for food uses as are Amur Chokecherries.  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.242.136.201 (talk) 14:37, 28 March 2010 (UTC)

Say, I think that we need some facts that
explains that cherries are different than berries. I mean, I couldn't really tell that cherries are a different species of fruit rather than a different kind of berry, until I got here, and still, I am somewhat not convinced.... 71.220.93.204 (talk) 07:22, 31 January 2010 (UTC)

 * Cherries, the fruit, by definition (The Merriam-Webster dictionary definition) are actually drupes from the plants classified in the Prunus genus.  A drupe is a one-seeded indehiscent fruit having a hard bony endocarp (Pit) surrounding the seed, a fleshy mesocarp (Flesh), and a thin exocarp (skin) that is flexible in the case of the cherry.  They are considered small stone fruits.  Berries by contrast tend to have multiple seeds.  These articles explains it more squidoo.com/is-a-cherry-a-berry-or-a-fruit and  http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/rosaceae.pdf .   The definition on the wikipedia article page, which is in err, claims that only subgenus Cerasus fruits are true cherries and only 2 species are native to North America - This is what USDA GRIN has listed for this subgenus http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?20151 note that Carolina Laurel Cherries, Black Cherries, Pin Cherries, and Choke Cherries are among the North America Native species (More than 2).  Also note that Nanking cherries (subgenus Microcerasus which includes the Hybrid purple-leaf sand cherry, Japanese Bush Cherry, and Nanking Cherry http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?20155 ) and Sand Cherries (subgenus Penarmeniaca which includes only the various variations of sand cherries, the desert peach, and desert apricot http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?20156 ) are excluded...   Pyguams are included though.   You can also see what I mean by the Taxonomy for Sand Cherries is confused here http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?9887  -  Note that the varieties of Sand Cherries have been given their own species and are also listed as variations of another species - which is very odd indeed (Not really as the sand cherry is not quite a plum and not quite a cherry that can grow in sand or in clay under cold drought conditions- there is no real common name for that type of fruit).  May-Duke (Medoc) or Duke Cherries (A self-fertile hybrid of sweet and sour cherries which popularity is waning since the introduction of the self-fertile sweet cherry cultivars - AKA the Stella in the 1970s )  are also not mentioned in the article - despite that both US Presidents Washington and Jefferson Planted them   http://www.springerlink.com/content/9r2370544301h291/  ....  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.242.136.201 (talk) 04:04, 29 March 2010 (UTC)

Cherry may also treat gout!
Cherry may also treat gout! See http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:t5fncBv_jfYJ:www.cherryactive.co.uk/images/cherryactive-health/Nutrition%2520Practitioner%2520-%2520Gout%2520%26%2520Cherries.pdf+cherry+Prunus+gout&hl=el&gl=gr&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESiKUt_V-htYqzc_0pjnqVf04-5cFu3lziWda5vI50RxMMJbwP8XPH5oOdSiEYuAIiWFvsFejI_S1KdXyRxgtu2TJ7me5Tjez8FfkQR7ZCdNjYgXG2LpUF9gAlIhW7xq8ps7Ubp8&sig=AHIEtbQo0UFykt4i2z9kVBMa9n2cHj4CSw 688dim (talk) 11:01, 2 March 2011 (UTC)

Stella Cherries
The photo at the top of this article shows a cherry and says it is Prunnus Avium and says it is a "Stella Cherry". When you go to the article on Prunus Avium, that name is not mentioned. Would someone please verify the name and if correct, please add it to the list of names in the Prunnus Avium article.

Drxenocide (talk) 14:04, 4 May 2011 (UTC)

Contradiction
The taxobox of this page states that it is about subgenus Cerasus, but the species list includes subgenus Padus. I propose that, as with the Raspberry page, the taxobox should be removed. There should be a discussion of subgenus Padus, and the species list should be divided into subgenera. Nadiatalent (talk) 14:06, 28 October 2011 (UTC)

Moved from Further reading - potential source
--Ronz (talk) 20:44, 6 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Journal articles on possible health benefits
 * Ferretti, G. et al. “Cherry antioxidants: from farm to table”, Molecules (2010),15(10):6993-7005.

Confusing genus with family
Under subsection Growing season under the section Cultivation, there is a reference to "the Prunus family." However, Prunus is a genus in the rose family (Rosaceae), it is not a plant family.

Desmodium (talk) 13:03, 4 August 2012 (UTC)

Error Regarding Geographic Range
Under subsection Growing season under the section Cultivation, the article states that no Prunus can grow in tropical climates due to a requirement that the seeds be subjected to cold temperatures in order to germinate. This is not correct and Prunus myrtifolia occurs in the tropics of North and South America. In Florida, it is commonly referred to as West Indian Laurel Cherry and it occurs in southernmost Florida, several of the larger Caribbean islands, and northern South America from where it extends south to Brazil and Bolivia (USDA Germplasm Resources Information Network). Prunus myrtifolia is a member of subgenus Cerasus, which is the subgenus to which the commercially important sweet edible cherries belong. Since it is a tropical species, its seeds do not require exposure to cold temperatures in order to germinate.

Desmodium (talk) 13:19, 4 August 2012 (UTC)

Size
Cherry, What is this about size in terms of square metres? Strange. Peter Horn User talk 19:32, 25 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Capital Peter Horn User talk 20:09, 25 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Sorry, it was shorthand for height x spread ... will correct asap (no access to a pc at the moment).Darorcilmir (talk)

When people are reading this wiki page Cherry#Cultivars one would assume we are talking about Cherry Fruit Cultivars as we are redirected to the Onamental Cherries and Prunus pages several times. The table provided are only for ornamental varieties. There is lettle mention on this page in general concerning the various edible varieties of cherris. 81.102.111.206 (talk) 11:47, 21 October 2016 (UTC)

Planting
I would like to add a new subsection under cultivation and title it planting. A good addition to the article could include watering and rootstocks which I would place in that section. I look forward to comments. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Horst59 (talk • contribs) 17:36, 12 June 2015 (UTC)
 * I made the addition, and would appreciate another contributor to give a look to consider improvements.20:11, 24 June 2015 (UTC)20:11, 24 June 2015 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Horst59 (talk • contribs)
 * Thanks for improvements Zefr. Well done. And apologies to all for my clumsy signing practices I will try to get it right.2602:306:B88A:2D20:F19D:C0DF:E7C2:ADE0 (talk) 04:24, 25 June 2015 (UTC)Horst59

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 * Non-useful link removed from article. --Zefr (talk) 15:47, 21 November 2016 (UTC)

Turkish
I had changed the etymology part saying Turkish word for Cherry (kiraz) came from Latin (it comes from Greek). I had 44 bytes removed from my account.

https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/kiraz Ibn Gabirol (talk) 13:24, 23 April 2017 (UTC)

Vandalism removal request
The following changes, mentioning fictional entities and contested political attribution, should be reverted.

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=893599167&oldid=893194272&title=Cherry&type=revision

This is a page about cherries, not about middle-eastern political ambitions. 109.64.17.197 (talk) 09:48, 5 July 2019 (UTC)

 * ✅ Plantdrew (talk) 13:42, 5 July 2019 (UTC)

"Razzcherries" listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has asked for a discussion to address the redirect Razzcherries. Please participate in the redirect discussion if you wish to do so. Steel1943 (talk) 06:22, 31 October 2019 (UTC)

Contradictory statement...
By referring to “native” sweet cherries, the following excerpt from under the Sub Heading “North America” seems to Contradict an earlier statement that cherries originated in Europe and Asia and were introduced to The Americas:

“Native and non-native sweet cherries grow well in Canada's provinces of Ontario and British Columbia...” Virtualaura (talk) 16:38, 2 August 2020 (UTC)

Brunton reverted my edit
Brunton You reverted my edit based on "Medical claim, needs MEDRS." I reviewed MEDRS and I don't see a problem. Please explain which part of MEDRS I have violated, and what I have to do to remedy this. I did not make a medical claim. I cited two scientific studies which present conflicting findings: one in favor of cherry juice, one against. I cited reliable sources in academic journals and the authors are identified. Cordially, BuzzWeiser196 (talk) 23:09, 22 April 2021 (UTC)
 * See WP:MEDRS: “all biomedical information must be based on reliable, third-party published secondary sources”. What is needed is review articles, ideally systematic reviews, published in appropriate peer-reviewed journals. The sources you have cited here are primary sources. There are some review articles linked from them, but they seem to say that the results are inconclusive, largely because of a lack of sufficient data. At best, all we can say from the reviews is that the results of research are inconclusive. We need to avoid the sort of cherry-picking inherent in choosing positive and negative primary studies and trying to offset them against each other. Brunton (talk) 08:26, 23 April 2021 (UTC)
 * OK, I understand now. Thanks for the feedback. Cordially, BuzzWeiser196 (talk) 10:29, 23 April 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cherry


text:
User talk:MADMADMAD

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. Flcelloguy | A note? | Desk 00:22, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

Please stop adding nonsense to Wikipedia. It is considered vandalism. If you would like to experiment, use the sandbox. Thank you. Extraordinary Machine 14:14, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

Orphaned fair use image (Image:COME ALONG NOW CANADIAN ALBUM W STICKER.jpg)
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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:MADMADMAD


text:
Glossy snake

Arizona elegans is a species of medium-sized colubrid snake commonly referred to as the glossy snake or the faded snake, which is endemic to the southwestern United States and Mexico. It has several subspecies. Some have recommended that A. elegans occidentalis be granted full species status.

Subspecies
Subspecies of Arizona elegans include:

 * Arizona elegans arenicola Dixon, 1960 – Texas glossy snake
 * Arizona elegans candida Klauber, 1946 – Western Mojave glossy snake
 * Arizona elegans eburnata Klauber, 1946 – Desert glossy snake
 * Arizona elegans elegans Kennicott, 1859 – Kansas glossy snake
 * Arizona elegans expolita Klauber, 1946 – Chihuahua glossy snake
 * Arizona elegans noctivaga Klauber, 1946 – Arizona glossy snake
 * Arizona elegans occidentalis Blanchard, 1924 – California glossy snake
 * Arizona elegans philipi Klauber, 1946 – Painted Desert glossy snake

Description
The glossy snake and its many subspecies are all similar in appearance to gopher snakes. However, they are smaller than gopher snakes, with narrow, pointed heads, and a variety of skin patterns and colors. They appear "washed-out" or pale, hence the common name, "faded snakes".

Most subspecies are ca. 75–130 cm (ca. 30-50 inches) in total length. The maximum recorded total length for the species is 142 cm (56 in).

They are shades of tan, brown, and gray with spotted patterns on their smooth, glossy skin, and a white or cream-colored unmarked ventral surface. Coloration often varies in relation to the color of the soil in a snake's native habitat.

Habitat
Habitat is normally semi-arid grasslands of the southwestern United States, from California in the west to Kansas in the east and as far south as Texas, and northern Mexico.

Behavior and diet
They are nonvenomous, nocturnal predators of small lizards.

Reproduction
Glossy snakes are oviparous. Adults breed in the late spring and early summer. Clutches average from 10 to 20 eggs. The eggs hatch in early summers and the newly hatched young are approximately 25 cm in total length.

title: Glossy snake


text:
Chi Chi LaRue

Larry David Paciotti (born November 8, 1959) is an American director of pornographic films. He appears as the drag-diva persona Chi Chi LaRue, and has been credited as director under the names "Lawrence David" and "Taylor Hudson".

Career
Paciotti began performing as "Chi Chi LaRue" when he moved to the Minneapolis-Saint Paul area and started performing in drag as one-half of "The Weather Gals", a "hag drag" revue. He and a friend moved to California, where LaRue was hired by Catalina Video as an administrative assistant and publicist because of his knowledge of porn and the workings of the porn industry. Even as a "DJ" ("DJ Paciotti"), Paciotti conducts most public business as "Chi Chi LaRue", particularly in the pornographic film industry. LaRue has directed hundreds of gay porn films since 1988, mainly for Falcon Studios. He now owns Catalina Video, a label under his umbrella company Channel 1 Releasing.

In 2003, LaRue began to divide his directorial attention between two porn studios: Vivid Video, where he worked with Jenna Jameson and Tera Patrick, and his own Rascal Video.

In March 2004, LaRue was preparing to leave to travel to London to direct Taking Flight when he had a mild heart attack. Instead of abandoning the production, Falcon hired Chris Steele, the script's author, to direct. In 2005, LaRue shot his last film for Falcon, called Heaven to Hell. It was the only movie ever to be cast of Falcon exclusives.

In 2006, LaRue announced that he would no longer produce films for Vivid Video because they were featuring actors and actresses having sex without condoms.

In 2007, LaRue was chosen as one of Out magazine's Top 50 most influential people in the LGBT community.

In August 2008, he directed the controversial bisexual film titled Shifting Gears. LaRue coined the term "straight-for-pay" (a play on "gay-for-pay"), to describe performer Blake Riley's first encounter with a woman.

In 2012, LaRue directed the music video for "Trouble" by RuPaul's Drag Race contestant Willam Belli, which premiered on Logo TV.

In 2015, LaRue admitted himself into drug and alcohol treatment in Minnesota, feeling he was "near death", according to friend Kevin Molin.

On January 11, 2020 LaRue re-opened the historic Circus Of Books - a West Hollywood book and gay pornography store originally opened in 1960 and operated until the owners decided to sell to Channel 1 Releasing, a company led by Rob Novinger who was also a partner in Chi Chi LaRue's originally opened in 2009 a few blocks away.

In January of 2022 Chi Chi LaRue's Circus was renamed back to Circus of Books, removing Chi Chi LaRue's name due to the partnership between LaRue and Novinger being dissolved. Their original store a few blocks away was closed.

Awards

 * 1990 Dave Awards winner of Best Video and Best Director for "More of a Man" (All Worlds Video).
 * 1991 AVN award Best Director (Gay Video) – "The Rise" (as Taylor Hudson), Catalina Video.
 * 1991 AVN Award Best Non-Sexual Performance–Bi, Gay, or Trans Video – "More of a Man", All Worlds Video.
 * 1992 Gay Erotic Video Awards Best Director – "Songs in the Key of Sex", HIS Video (tied with Jerry Douglas, "Kiss-Off", All Worlds Video).
 * 1993 AVN Award Best Director (Gay Video) – "Songs in the Key of Sex", HIS Video.
 * 1993 Gay Erotic Video Award Best Special Interest Video – "Chi Chi LaRue's Hardbody Video Magazine", Odyssey Men.
 * 1993 Gay Erotic Video Award Best Gender Bender – "Valley of the Bi Dolls", Catalina Video.
 * 1994 Gay Erotic Video Award Best Non-Sexual Role – "Revenge of the Bi-Dolls", Catalina Video.
 * 1995 Gay Erotic Video Award Best Director – "Idol Country", HIS Video.
 * 2000 Grabby Award winner of Best Director and Best Video.
 * 2001 GayVN Award Best Director – "Echoes", Men of Odyssey.
 * 2002 GayVN Award Best Director (Bisexual Video) – "Mile Bi Club", All Worlds Video.
 * 2003 GayVN Award Best Director (with John Rutherford) – "Deep South: The Big and the Easy Part 1" and "Part 2", Falcon Studios.
 * 2006 Grabby Award Best Director – "Wrong Side of the Tracks Part One" and "Part Two", Rascal Video.
 * 2009 GayVN Award Trailblazer
 * 2011 Cyber Socket "Best Personality"
 * 2012 Cyber Socket "Best Personality"
 * 2020 Special Stiletto Award : Evolution Wonderloundge Hall of fame

title: Chi Chi LaRue


title: User:4v4l0n42/Header


text:
Robert Orok

Robert Dick Orok (October 2, 1878 – November 8, 1957 ) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1912 to 1915, as a member of the Conservative Party.

Biography
Orok was born in Midhurst, Ontario, the son of William Orok and Mary Johnston. He was educated at the Barrie Collegiate Institute and the University of Toronto, and received a certification as a medical doctor. Orok pursued post-graduate studies at Queen's University and the University of Edinburgh. He spent time in the Yukon gold fields and then practised medicine in Cookstown, Ontario from 1909 to 1911 and, from 1911, at The Pas. He also worked as a surgeon on the Hudson Bay Railway. In religion, Orok was a Presbyterian. In 1904, he married Louise M. Smith. In 1907, Orork married Bessie Vair.

He was first elected to the Manitoba legislature in a by-election held on October 22, 1912, in the nearly-created northern constituency of The Pas. The constituency occupied 200000 sqmi at the time, and Orok claimed that it was the largest in the world. Orok won his seat by acclamation, and served as a backbench supporter of premier Rodmond Roblin's government. Orok was again returned by acclamation through a deferred vote in the 1914 election, after the Conservatives had won a majority government in the rest of the province.

Roblin's administration was forced to resign in 1915 amid a serious corruption scandal. A new election was held, which the Liberals won in a landslide. Orok did not seek re-election.

He served as a captain in the Canadian Machine Gun Corps and the Royal Canadian Army Medical Corps during World War I.

title: Robert Orok


text:
Columbia Aircraft

The Columbia Aircraft Manufacturing Corporation was an aircraft manufacturer that designed and built light general aviation aircraft. In November 2007 it became a division of Cessna.

History
In 1994 NASA launched the Advanced General Aviation Transport Experiments (AGATE) project in an attempt to re-energize the rapidly shrinking general aviation (GA) market. A series of factors, including new regulatory requirements and immense legal liability lawsuit settlements made the GA field unprofitable and most manufacturers had abandoned production of piston-engined light aircraft to concentrate on the business turbine aircraft market. As a result, GA design work had basically ended and aircraft for sale in 1990 were essentially the same as those from the 1970s. With a thriving market for used aircraft, American GA aircraft production numbers declined from 18,000 in 1978 to 954 in 1993, an all-time low.

During the same period the kit-built market was thriving. Free of some of the problems that certified aircraft had, and populated largely by experimenters looking for better performance, the kit market expanded rapidly in the 1980s. Designs available as kits often surpassed the performance of certified aircraft, while also being much less expensive. A leading kit manufacturer, Lancair's high performance Lancair IV design set a number of records, including a long-range flight at 360–mph.

As part of AGATE, NASA used a Lancair ES as a testbed for advanced avionics fits. The ES was a version of the unpressurized Lancair IV with fixed landing gear. Lancair founder Lance Neibauer was encouraged to certify the design, which would make it one of the first all-new GA aircraft certified in years.

On April 3, 1995, Lancair established a new company, Pacific Aviation Composites USA, in Redmond, Oregon. Originally intended simply to spread out production of the existing Lancair aircraft product lines, the new factory was rechristened Lancair Certified and was used as the main site for what was then known as the Lancair LC-40, for "Lancair Certified, model 40". The first prototype flew in July 1996, followed by the certification prototype in early 1997.

After a lengthy development and certification process the aircraft was officially certified on September 18, 1998, as the Model LC40-550FG and marketed under the name Columbia 300. Lancair Certified was renamed Columbia Aircraft Manufacturing Corporation in 2005 to focus on the new design. Neibauer sold the kit-build portion of the company, Lancair International, to Joseph Bartels in March 2003.

The 300 was the fastest fixed-gear aircraft in the world when it was released, but held this title only for a short period until the turbocharged Columbia 400 (Model LC41-550FG) flew in June 2000. The 400 also featured a new glass cockpit developed under the AGATE program, which Columbia refers to as the "Highway in the Sky" (HITS). The 400 was certified on March 30, 2003.

The upgrades used in the Columbia 400 were then incorporated in the original 300 design to create the Model LC42-550FG, marketed as the Columbia 350. It appeared in April 2002 and was certified on April 8, 2004.

In January 2003, Composite Technology Research Malaysia (CTRM) bought a controlling interest in Columbia for over $50 million. CTRM is owned by the Malaysian government and was incorporated in November 1990 by Minister of Finance Malaysia Inc. CTRM's CEO is Retired Col. Rosdi Mahmud. CTRM became interested in selling its share of the company in 2006.

All of the Columbia aircraft competed heavily with similar designs from Cirrus Design, which was also developed under AGATE and included many of the same features. First to market, the SR22 outsold the Columbia models by a wide margin.

On September 24, 2007 Columbia Aircraft announced that Textron would purchase the company, which would be merged with its Cessna division, including its line of high-performance single-engined aircraft. As part of the sale agreement Columbia Aircraft was to enter Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. The arrangement would be subject to approval of the bankruptcy court and also to a final agreement with Cessna.

The fate of Columbia Aircraft was complicated on October 14, 2007 when three additional companies entered the bidding for Columbia Aircraft. These were Columbia's competitor, Cirrus Design as well as Versa Capital Management and Park Electrochemical Corp. The two latter companies filed motions with the bankruptcy court stating that Cessna has been "getting preferential treatment in the process". On 20 November 2007 Cirrus Design announced that they would not pursue purchasing Columbia, citing Columbia's problems as being too serious and that resolving them would require excessive resources.

On November 27, 2007, Cessna's parent company Textron announced that Cessna Aircraft was the successful bidder for Columbia Aircraft, that the Columbia 350 and 400 are renamed the Cessna 350 and Cessna 400 and that all existing Columbia aircraft will be supported by Cessna. Cessna paid USD$26.4M for the company and committed to investing in the current company location on the southeast corner of Bend Municipal Airport in Bend, Oregon.

On April 29, 2009, Cessna announced that it would close the former Columbia plant in Bend, Oregon facility where the Cessna 350 and 400 were built and move production to Kansas. The company laid-off all the remaining 150 employees at the Bend plant.

Columbia aircraft

 * Columbia 300 - production completed
 * Columbia 350 - later known as the Cessna 350
 * Columbia 400 - later known as the Cessna 400

title: Columbia Aircraft


text:
Lakewood High School (Florida)

Lakewood High School is a public high school in St. Petersburg, Florida operated by Pinellas County Schools. It opened in 1966 with students previously attending St. Petersburg High School and Boca Ciega High School. Lakewood High is one of the most highly funded schools in the county, due to the presence of Center for Advanced Technologies, a magnet program attached to Lakewood.

Special programs
CATCOM (Center for Advanced Technologies Communications and Original Media), a video production class and club within the CAT program, was created by Mark Granning and Dr. Martin Shapiro in 1990. CATCOM Studios, now known as Mark W. Granning Studios following his retirement, produces a daily in-house 15-minute news program called Fast Forward and once produced award-winning segments, known as "FOX ThirTEEN Magazine," for the local Fox affiliate. CATCOM has won numerous Student Emmys for its work. Acceptance into the program is competitive, as only about 75 students may participate each year.

Also well known for the AMSET, Academy for Marine Science, program directed by James Kostka. Lakewood also recently added the CJAM, Center for Journalism and Multimedia program to its curriculum.

Demographics
Lakewood HS is 65% Black, 25% White, 6% Hispanic, and 4% other.

Notable alumni

 * Rodney Adams, former NFL wide receiver
 * Ricky Anderson, former NFL player
 * Lynn Barry, former basketball player, former Assistant Executive Director of USA women's basketball, former WNBA special advisor, former NCAA official
 * Bo Bichette, MLB player for the Toronto Blue Jays
 * Patrick Carter, former NFL wide receiver
 * Tim Carter, former NFL wide receiver
 * Tom Carter, former NFL defensive back
 * Aveion Cason, former NFL running back
 * Billy DeCola, reality TV (NY Ink)
 * William Floyd, former NFL fullback
 * Dante Fowler, NFL defensive end for the Washington Commanders
 * Jeff Frederick, former member of Virginia House of Delegates and former Chairman of Republican Party of Virginia
 * Ernest Givins, former NFL wide receiver
 * Cornell Green, former NFL offensive tackle
 * Jonte Green, former NFL defensive back for Detroit Lions
 * Shaquem Griffin, former NFL linebacker for Seattle Seahawks
 * Shaquill Griffin, NFL cornerback for Minnesota Vikings
 * Nicole Haislett ('90), 1992 Two-time Olympic gold medal swimmer (Barcelona)
 * Anthony Lawrence ('15), professional basketball player who plays in Taiwan, played college basketball for the Miami Hurricanes
 * Rashod Moulton, former NFL cornerback
 * Louis Murphy, former NFL wide receiver for Tampa Bay Buccaneers
 * William Packer, movie producer, Stomp the Yard, This Christmas
 * Bernard Reedy, former NFL wide receiver for Tampa Bay Buccaneers
 * Rose Richmond, 2004 USA Olympic team
 * T. J. Tampa, NFL cornerback for the Baltimore Ravens
 * Pat Terrell, former NFL defensive back
 * Timothy L. Tyler, former prisoner sentenced to life without parole for breaking the Three-strikes law until being granted clemency by president Barack Obama.
 * Marquez Valdes-Scantling, NFL wide receiver for Buffalo Bills
 * Rod Wave, rapper and singer.
 * Carl Willis, WJLA-TV news anchor, Washington, DC
 * Isaiah Wynn, NFL offensive guard for the Miami Dolphins

title: Lakewood High School (Florida)


text:
Fred Lieb

Frederick George Lieb (March 5, 1888 – June 3, 1980) was an American sportswriter and baseball historian. Lieb published his memoirs in 1977, which documented his nearly 70 years as a baseball reporter. He received the J. G. Taylor Spink Award from the Baseball Writers' Association of America in 1972. Born in 1888 in Philadelphia, Lieb died at age 92 in Houston.

Career
Lieb was born on March 5, 1888, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; his favorite team growing up as a child was the Philadelphia Athletics. His sportswriting career began in 1909, when while working as a clerk for the Norfolk & Western Railroad he began submitting biographies of players to Baseball magazine. That led to a job with the Philadelphia news bureau; in 1911 he moved to New York where he joined the new Base Ball Writers Association. For the next 20 years, Lieb wrote for the New York Sun, Philadelphia Evening Telegraph, New York Evening Telegram and New York Post, surrounded by sportswriting legends such as Damon Runyon, Heywood Broun, and Grantland Rice.

Lieb is credited with coining the term "The House that Ruth Built," referring to the New York Yankees' brand new stadium that was christened by a Babe Ruth home run on their opening day, April 18, 1923. He and his wife Mary were especially close to Ruth's teammate Lou Gehrig; Walter Brennan's character in the movie The Pride of the Yankees was loosely based on him. In October 1931, Fred Lieb took a team, headlined by Gehrig, Lefty Grove, Mickey Cochrane, Al Simmons, and Lefty O'Doul, to Hawaii and Japan for a profitable exhibition tour. This and many other profitable investments along the way allowed Lieb to retire in 1934 from the "real work" of daily reporting to focus solely on writing about baseball. In 1935, Taylor Spink convinced Lieb to write a regular weekly column and select obituaries for The Sporting News; Lieb did this at his leisure from his home in St. Petersburg, Florida, for 35 years. At the peak of their circulation, his syndicated columns reached more than 100 newspapers.

Lieb's career would last a little over 70 years, as he continued to contribute to The Sporting News and St. Petersburg Times until his death on June 3, 1980. Lieb remained a member of the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) for 68 years, serving as president from 1921 to 1924. in 1972, he received the J. G. Taylor Spink Award (named after his original boss at The Sporting News), and was added to the writers' wing of the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1973. In what turned to be an early cross-generational tribute, Lieb received the first SABR salute from the Society for American Baseball Research in 1976. Over his career, Fred Lieb covered every World Series game from 1911 to 1958, 30 All-Star games, and over 8,000 major-league baseball games.

Major works
Lieb was a prolific writer, contributing to The Sporting News from 1935 to 1980, the St. Petersburg Times from 1965 until his death, The Saturday Evening Post from 1927 to 1933, as well as freelancing for other numerous publications, scoring games in New York, and authoring several books. His 11 books include his memoirs—Baseball As I Have Known It—along with Connie Mack, Grand Old Man of Baseball; The Story of the World Series; The Baseball Story; and team histories of the Detroit Tigers, Boston Red Sox, St. Louis Cardinals, Pittsburgh Pirates, Baltimore Orioles, and Philadelphia Phillies.

Notable events
Lieb initiated a rule change on February 9, 1920, when he suggested that a game-winning home run with men on base always be counted as a home run, even if its run was not needed to win the game. Previously, the batter would only be credited with a hit sufficient to score the winning run, and not any additional runs.

On May 15, 1922, Ty Cobb beat out a grounder to shortstop Everett Scott, and Lieb scored it a hit in the box score he filed with the Associated Press (AP). This contradicted official scorer John Kieran of the New-York Tribune, who ruled the play an error. At the end of the season, American League (AL) official records were compiled using the AP box scores, giving Cobb a .401 batting average. Lieb reversed his call, but AL president Ban Johnson went with the hit call. The New York writers protested to the commissioner on December 14, 1922, claiming that Ty Cobb's batting average should be .399 based on the official scorer's stats, but to no avail.

On September 11, 1923, as the official scorer for a Yankees–Red Sox game, Lieb ruled that a ball hit hard past Red Sox third baseman Howard Shanks was a hit. This was much to the chagrin for the Red Sox pitcher Howard Ehmke, who proceeded to retire the next 27 batters he faced, for a 3–0 shutout. Ehmke had thrown a no-hitter in the previous game that he had pitched, on September 7.

title: Fred Lieb


text:
File:Dash logo2.gif

Summary
Source:http://www.ladottransit.com/

title: File:Dash logo2.gif


text:
User talk:Doctorsundar

Welcome!

Hello, Doctorsundar, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay.

Here are some tips to help you get started:
 * Try our tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * Keep the Five Pillars of Wikipedia in mind, and remember to write from a neutral point of view.
 * Sign your posts on talk pages using the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~, or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~.
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

If you have any questions, see the help pages, ask a question at the village pump or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome, and good luck!

-- Kirill Lokshin 00:29, August 28, 2005 (UTC)

March 2022
Hi Doctorsundar! I noticed that you recently marked an edit as minor at Iñaki Urdangarin that may not have been. "Minor edit" has a very specific definition on Wikipedia – it refers only to superficial edits that could never be the subject of a dispute, such as typo corrections or reverting obvious vandalism. Any edit that changes the meaning of an article is not a minor edit, even if it only concerns a single word. Please see Help:Minor edit for more information. Thank you.  Grey joy talk 00:06, 8 March 2022 (UTC)

 * I just added one sentence, namely that Urdangarin is now on supervised release. I tried to add a reference to it, but now there is a Cite Error.  I have added references to Wikipedia before, but this time I am unable to do so.  The reference is https://people.com/royals/princess-cristina-of-spain-separates-from-husband-after-he-was-pictured-with-another-woman/ Doctorsundar (talk) 00:21, 8 March 2022 (UTC)
 * This is not considered a 'minor' edit on Wikipedia, in the future when adding any new information please do not tick the minor edit box.  Grey joy talk 01:32, 8 March 2022 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Doctorsundar


text:
Norman Willis

Norman David Willis (21 January 1933 – 7 June 2014) was the General Secretary of the Trades Union Congress (TUC) in the United Kingdom from 1984 to 1993, and President of the European Trade Union Confederation (ETUC) from 1991 to 1993.

Life
Willis was born in Ashford, Middlesex. He attended Ashford County Grammar School in Ashford, Middlesex, and studied at Ruskin College and Oriel College, Oxford. He was a Labour councillor on Staines UDC from 1971 to 1974.

TGWU
He worked for the TGWU from 1949 to 1951, before two years' National Service. From 1959 to 1970 he was the personal assistant to the General Secretary of the TGWU.

TUC
He became assistant General Secretary of the TUC in 1974. The leadership of Norman Willis from 1984 coincided in the late 1980s with a period of considerable change for the Trade Union movement in the UK: union membership was falling; the movement was facing power-limiting legislation from the Conservative government; and the Labour Party was conducting a fundamental review of its policies and the nature of its links with the unions.

Personal life
He was a patron of the Embroiderers' Guild, a British embroidery organisation, and former President of the Arthur Ransome Society (TARS). He was a renowned raconteur. He married Maureen Kenning in 1963. They had a son and a daughter.

Willis died on 7 June 2014.

title: Norman Willis


text:
Uszka

Uszka or vushka (Polish: Uszka, Ukrainian: Вушка, Belarusian: Вушкі) (meaning "little ears") are small dumplings (a very small and twisted version of pierogi) usually filled with flavourful wild forest mushrooms and/or minced meat. They are usually served with barszcz, though they can be eaten simply with melted butter and herbs (usually chives) sprinkled over. When vegetarian (filled only with mushrooms or onion) they are a part of traditional Christmas Eve dishes in Poland and Ukraine, and are either added to the soup, or eaten as a side dish. In various languages, they are called:
 * uszka
 * вушкі (vúški)
 * вушка (vúška)

title: Uszka


text:
Olive Carey

Olive Carey (born Olive Fuller Golden; January 31, 1896 – March 13, 1988) was an American film and television actress, and the mother of actor Harry Carey Jr.

Early life
Carey was born Olive Fuller Golden in New York City, the daughter of Ada (Maxwell), who was from Surrey, England, and George Fuller Golden (originally George Michael Fuller), a vaudeville entertainer.

In 1912, her father died, "leaving a wife and four children destitute." She had a sister, Ruth Fuller Golden, who also acted in films.

Films 1910s to 1950s
Carey's screen debut was in Sorrowful Jones (1913). She next acted in Tess of the Storm Country (1914). (An obituary indicates that the name of her initial film was The Sorrowful Shore.) She appeared in more than 50 films, mostly Westerns, including Gunfight at the O.K. Corral, often playing tough tomboy parts.

Television and films 1950s and later
In 1956, Carey guest starred in the episode "Death in the Snow" of NBC's anthology series, The Joseph Cotten Show. In 1957 and 1958, Carey played Elsie, the live-in housekeeper, on the CBS sitcom Mr. Adams and Eve, which starred the then real-life married acting couple, Howard Duff and Ida Lupino. She subsequently appeared on the CBS sitcom Dennis the Menace, starring Jay North.

About this time, Carey was cast on two NBC Westerns Cimarron City, with George Montgomery and John Smith, and The Restless Gun, starring John Payne. In 1960 and 1961, Carey performed the role of Casey, Macdonald Carey's (no relation) secretary, in several episodes of the television series Lock-Up.

On November 7, 1961, Carey played Ma Tolliver, the owner of a former stagecoach stop, in the episode "Deadly Is the Night" of NBC's Laramie Western series. On April 22, 1962, she delivered a noteworthy performance as the vengeance-seeking bullying mother, "Ma Martin", of three grown sons in the episode "The Youngest" of the ABC-Warner Brothers Western series, Lawman.

Personal life
In 1920, she wed actor Harry Carey, with whom she remained until his death in 1947. They had two children, a daughter Ellen and a son, actor Harry Carey, Jr. In 1928, the failure of the St. Francis Dam northwest of Los Angeles caused a flood, the damages of which included seven deaths on the Careys' ranch and a loss estimated at $750,000 ($ million today). As a result, when Harry Carey died in 1947, his estate was worth only about $15,000 ($ today).

Death
Carey died of natural causes at the age of 92 at her home in Carpinteria, California.

Filmography

 * The Sorrowful Shore (1913) – The Orphan
 * Tess of the Storm Country (1914) – Teola Graves
 * When the Gods Played a Badger Game (1915) – Marie – a Chorus Girl
 * Such Is Life (1915) – Olive Trent
 * Just Jim (1915) – Aunt Mary
 * The Millionaire Paupers (1915)
 * The Frame-Up (1915) – Nell Harter
 * A Knight of the Range (1916) – Bess Dawson
 * Stampede in the Night (1916) – Nell Wilson
 * The Night Riders (1916) – Jennie Marston – the Sheriff's Sister
 * The Passing of Hell's Crown (1916) – Rose Graney
 * The Wedding Guest (1916) – Panchita
 * The Committee on Credentials (1916) – Josephine
 * For the Love of a Girl (1916) – Jane Buckley – Cliff's Daughter
 * Love's Lariat (1916) – Goldie Le Croix
 * A Woman's Eyes (1916) – Sunny Baker
 * The Devil's Own (1916) – Vera Browning
 * The Yellow Pawn (1916)
 * Trader Horn (1931) – Edith Trent
 * The Vanishing Legion (1931, Serial) – Nurse Lewis [Chs. 9–12]
 * Border Devils (1932) – Ethel Denham
 * Naughty Marietta (1935) – Madame Renavant (uncredited)
 * The Whip Hand (1951) – Mabel Turner
 * On Dangerous Ground (1951) – Mrs. Brent
 * Monkey Business (1952) – Johnny's Mother (uncredited)
 * Face to Face (1952) – Laura Lee ('The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky')
 * Affair with a Stranger (1953) – Cynthia Craig
 * Rogue Cop (1954) – Selma
 * The Cobweb (1955) – Mrs. O'Brien – Nurse
 * I Died a Thousand Times (1955) – Ma Goodhue
 * The Searchers (1956) – Mrs. Jorgenson
 * Pillars of the Sky (1956) – Mrs. Anne Avery
 * The Wings of Eagles (1957) – Bridy O'Faolain (uncredited)
 * Gunfight at the O.K. Corral (1957) – Mrs. Clanton
 * Run of the Arrow (1957) – Mrs. O'Meara
 * Night Passage (1957) – Miss Vittles
 * The Alamo (1960) – Mrs. Dennison
 * Two Rode Together (1961) – Mrs. Abby Frazer
 * Billy the Kid vs. Dracula (1966) – Dr. Henrietta Hull (final film role)

Selected television appearances

 * Mr. Adams and Eve – regular cast – Elsie (1957–1958)
 * Wagon Train – episode "The Jesse Cowan Story" – Dorcas Beale S1 E17 (1957)
 * The Restless Gun - episode "The Peddler" (1958)
 * The Rifleman – episode – episode "Shivaree" – Ma Wilson (1959)
 * Tombstone Territory – episode "Trail’s End" – Frieda Thompson (1959)
 * New Comedy Showcase – episode "Maisie" – Mrs. Clary (1960)
 * Dennis the Menace - episode "Man of the House" - Mrs. Rafferty (1960)

title: Olive Carey


text:
Hemangioendothelioma

Hemangioendotheliomas are a family of vascular neoplasms of intermediate malignancy.

Signs and symptoms
They have been described as masses that fall between a hemangioma and angiosarcoma. They are vascular tumors that commonly present with an enlarging mass and most commonly involve the lungs, liver, and musculoskeletal system, although many other body sites have been reported, including the head and neck, intestines, lymph nodes, pleura, retroperitoneum, heel, stomach.

Cause
Possibly Bartonella spp bacteraemia

Classification
Hemangioendotheliomas may be classified as:
 * Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma is an uncommon vascular tumor of intermediate malignancy that was first described by Steven Billings, Andrew Folpe, and Sharon Weiss in 2003. These tumors are so named because their histologic appearance resembles a proliferation of epithelioid cells, with polygonal shape and eosinophilic cytoplasm.
 * Composite hemangioendothelioma is a low-grade angiosarcoma typically occurring in adults, although it has been described in infancy.
 * Spindle-cell hemangioendothelioma ) is a vascular tumor that was first described in 1986 by Sharon Weiss, M.D., and commonly presents in a child or young adult who develops blue nodules of firm consistency on a distal extremity. These tumors were reclassified by Dr. Weiss in 1996 as "spindle cell hemangioma", rather than hemangioendothelioma, due to the excellent prognosis observed in a group of 78 patients.
 * Retiform hemangioendothelioma (also known as a "Hobnail hemangioendothelioma" ) is a low-grade angiosarcoma, first described in 1994, presenting as a slow-growing exophytic mass, dermal plaque, or subcutaneous nodule.
 * Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (also known as "Infantile kaposiform hemangioendothelioma" ) is an uncommon vascular tumor, first described by Niedt, Greco, et al. (Hemangioma with Kaposi's sarcoma-like features: report of two cases.(Niedt GW, Greco MA, Wieczorek R, Blanc WA, Knowles DM 2nd. that affects infants and young children, with rare cases having also been reported in adults. Pediatr Pathol. 1989;9(5):567-75.)
 * Endovascular papillary angioendothelioma, also known as "Dabska tumor", "papillary intralymphatic angioendothelioma" (PILA), "Dabska-type hemangioendothelioma", "hobnail hemangioendothelioma", and "malignant endovascular papillary angioendothelioma", is a rare low-grade angiosarcoma  of lymphatic channels. Approximately 30 such tumors have been described in the medical literature. Although included in the World Health Organization tumor classification, there is uncertainty as to whether EPA is a distinct entity or a heterogenous group of tumours. The lesion usually presents as a slow-growing tumor of the skin and subcutaneous tissues of the head, neck, or extremity, of infants or young children.  However, EPA has involved the testicle,  deep muscle tissue as a neoplastic transformation of a larger existing benign cavernous hemangioma, bone and spleen, and has been found in adults.  Some reports indicate a good prognosis but metastasis is occasionally seen.
 * Infantile hemangioendothelioma is a rare benign vascular tumour arising from mesenchymal tissue and is usually located in the liver. It often presents in infancy with cardiac failure because of extensive arteriovenous shunting within the lesion. It is the third most common liver tumor in children, the most common benign vascular tumor of the liver in infancy, and the most common symptomatic liver tumor during the first 6 months of life. These hemangioendotheliomas have 2 growth phases: an initial rapid growth phase, which is followed by a period of spontaneous involution (usually within the first 12 to 18 months of life). Detection of the hemangioendothelioma within the first 6 months of life is attributed to the initial rapid growth during this time; however, the tumor has been detected with fetal ultrasonography. Histopathologically, there are 2 types of hepatic hemangioendotheliomas:
 * Type I: Hemagioendotheliomas of this type have multiple vascular channels that are formed by an immature endothelial lining with stromal separation from bile ductules.
 * Type II: These hemangioendotheliomas have an appearance that is more disorganized and hypercellular, and there are no bile ductules.
 * In children, distinguishing between a primary malignant liver tumor (hepatoblastoma) and a benign primary hepatic lesion (hemangioendothelioma) is crucial. The absence of urinary catecholamines supports the diagnosis of hemangioendothelioma. In patients with hemangioendotheliomas, elevations in α1-fetoprotein levels are milder than those found in patients with hepatoblastomas. Infantile hepatic hemangioendothelioma is strongly suggested by the presence of a vascular lesion on imaging studies. A complex, heterogeneous mass is often seen on ultrasonograms; a complex tumor that lacks central enhancement can be seen on CT scans; and the vascular nature of the lesion along with dilation of the aorta proximal to the origin of the celiac artery and a decrease in the diameter distally, indicating significant shunting, is seen on angiograms. Because most hemangioendotheliomas in infants sponanteously involute and regress within the first 12 to 18 months of life, asymptomatic lesions are generally managed conservatively. Infants who have severe anemia and/or thrombocytopenia can be given blood products; for those who have cardiac failure, diuretics and digoxin are often given. To stop further growth and to speed regression of lesions in infants with more significant clinical sequelae, treatment with corticosteroids or interferon-α-2a is administered. To slow the growth of tumors that are rapidly enlarging, chemotherapy and radiation therapy have been used. Surgical resection, partial hepatectomy, and embolization of afferent vessels should be considered for severe cases.

Treatment
Treatment is varied and depends on the site and extent of tumor involvement, sites of metastasis, and specific individual factors. Surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy have all been used to treat these masses, although studies on survival have yet to be conducted to delineate various treatment regimens. Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma might respond to chemotherapy or antiangiogenic therapies. Recently propanolol and steroids have been shown to be very effective in kaposiform hemangioendothelioma.

title: Hemangioendothelioma


text:
User talk:Coup de Grace

I thought it was a job well done

title: User talk:Coup de Grace


text:
Talk:CyberMage: Darklight Awakening

Tags
I've gone ahead and UnPOVed the article after rewriting it, and have stubbed it as it is in need of some more information, from someone who actually knows the name, unlike me, who'd never even heard of the thing and just wanted to try and clean it up a tad. That is all. Zeppocity 00:32, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

Plot
It's copied from the back of the game box, not written by the editor. I have the game and the box and just would like to comment. I may participate in the article seriously when I have some free time, read Wikipedia's rules and learn more about the game myself. 188.49.51.176 (talk) 08:16, 3 February 2010 (UTC)

A few sources
Reviews from the Online print archive:

 * Computer Games Magazine
 * PC Gamer UK
 * PC Gamer US

Hope these help. JimmyBlackwing (talk) 20:45, 7 November 2016 (UTC)
 * https://archive.org/stream/CGStrategyPlus_assorted/CG-StrategyPlus-61#page/n43/mode/2up/search/alien

title: Talk:CyberMage: Darklight Awakening


text:
User talk:Icurhere2

Welcome!

Hello, Icurhere2, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay.

Here are some tips to help you get started:
 * Try our tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * Keep the Five Pillars of Wikipedia in mind, and remember to write from a neutral point of view.
 * Sign your posts on talk pages using the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~, or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~.
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

If you have any questions, see the help pages, ask a question at the village pump or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome, and good luck!

-- Kirill Lokshin 00:32, August 28, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Icurhere2


text: User talk:70.28.169.107

title: User talk:70.28.169.107


text: User talk:193.251.86.40

title: User talk:193.251.86.40


text:
Chess Life

The monthly Chess Life and bi-monthly Chess Life Kids (formerly School Mates and Chess Life for Kids) are the official magazines published by the United States Chess Federation (US Chess). Chess Life is advertised as the "most widely read chess magazine in the world", and reaches more than a quarter of a million readers each month. It focuses on American chess players and tournaments, instruction, human interest, and US Chess governance matters. Chess Life Kids is geared towards those under 14. A subscription to Chess Life and Chess Life Kids is currently one benefit of becoming a US Chess member or affiliate. All members are given access to the online versions of Chess Life and Chess Life Kids (including back issues). Affiliates and some membership categories also receive printed copies of Chess Life and/or Chess Life Kids.

History

The United States Chess Federation was incorporated on December 27, 1939. In the early years, it had no office and no publication. In 1945 and 1946, USCF Annual books were published. In 1946, publication of Chess Life started as a bi-weekly newspaper, usually eight or twelve pages long. In 1961, Frank Brady converted Chess Life to a slick-covered magazine. In 1969, Chess Life merged with Chess Review, the other leading U.S. chess magazine. The magazine was published under the title Chess Life & Review starting with the November 1969 issue until 1980 when it returned to the name Chess Life.

Editors of Chess Life

 * 05/1946–12/1957 Montgomery Major
 * 01/1958-12/1960 Fred M. Wren
 * 01/1961–12/1961 Frank Brady
 * 01/1962–05/1966 J. F. Reinhardt
 * 06/1966–11/1966 Ed Edmondson and Bill Goichberg
 * 12/1966–––––––– Burt Hochberg and Ed Edmondson
 * 01/1967–10/1979 Burt Hochberg
 * 11/1979–01/1982 Fairfield W. Hoban
 * 02/1982–12/1984 Frank Elley
 * 01/1985–03/1988 Larry Parr
 * 04/1988–––––––– Fairfield W. Hoban
 * 05/1988–07/1989 Don Maddox
 * 08/1989–––––––– Boris Baczynskyj
 * 09/1989–10/1990 Julie Ann Desch
 * 11/1990–10/2000 Glenn Petersen
 * 11/2000–10/2003 Peter Kurzdorfer
 * 11/2003–12/2003 Glenn Petersen
 * 01/2004–03/2005 Kalev Pehme
 * 04/2005–02/2006 Glenn Petersen
 * 10/2005–02/2006 Gerald Dullea
 * 03/2006–05/2018 Daniel Lucas
 * 06/2018-05/2020 Melinda Matthews
 * 06/2020-present John Hartmann

Contributors to Chess Life
Some of the notable chess authors and players to write for Chess Life:

 * Lev Alburt Back to Basics
 * Leonard Barden (1960s)
 * Pal Benko In the Arena (1972–1981), Endgame Lab (1981–2013), and chess problem column Benko's Bafflers
 * David L. Brown Key Krackers
 * Robert Byrne
 * John W. Collins (1950s and 1960s) Games by USCF Members
 * Alex Dunne The Check is in the Mail
 * Larry Evans Evans on Chess
 * Bobby Fischer (June 1963 debut) Fischer Talks Chess
 * Svetozar Gligorić Game of the Month
 * Garry Kasparov (1993–1994)
 * Irina Krush
 * Paul Keres (1968–1975) Keres Annotates...
 * Lisa Lane
 * Al Lawrence Former USCF Executive director and co-author of more than a dozen books
 * Robert Lincoln Easy Does It (chess problems)
 * William Lombardy (1958–1960s) Tidbits of Master Play
 * Abby Marshall
 * Edmar Mednis
 * Daniel Naroditsky Endgame Column
 * Frank Niro Contributed at least one article, game, letter or photo to the magazine in each of the past five decades.
 * Luděk Pachman Pachman On the Openings
 * Bruce Pandolfini Solitaire Chess
 * Susan Polgar Opening Secrets
 * Miro Radojcic Observation Point
 * Samuel Reshevsky The Art of Positional Play
 * Michael Rohde (1991–2006) Game of the Month
 * Jennifer Shahade
 * Andy Soltis Chess to Enjoy
 * Kester Svendsen
 * László Szabó (1970s) Games from Recent Events

title: Chess Life


text: User talk:163.121.128.210

title: User talk:163.121.128.210


text: User talk:84.73.113.128

title: User talk:84.73.113.128


text:
Bomberman Jetters (video game)

Bomberman Jetters (ボンバーマン ジェッターズ) is an action game for the Game Boy Advance, GameCube and PlayStation 2, and part of Hudson Soft's Bomberman series. The game builds on the gameplay style established in the previous Bomberman series entry, 2002's Bomberman Generation, and features characters and settings from the 2002 anime series Bomberman Jetters. The GameCube version utilizes cel-shaded graphics similar to those of Bomberman Generation, while the PlayStation 2 version does not.

The game was released in Japan in 2002, with the Game Boy Advance version released under the name Bomberman Jetters: Densetsu no Bomberman (ボンバーマンジェッターズ 伝説のボンバーマン), while the GameCube version received a North American release by Majesco Sales in March 2004. The anime series' first title sequence appears as the game's opening cinematic, but the accompanying theme song "Boku wa Gakeppuchi" was omitted from the North American version.

Plot
Mujoe and the Hige Hige Bandits, tired of White Bomber repeatedly stopping their plans for galactic conquest, enact a plan to crash the Dark Star, Mujoe's artificial comet, into the surface of Planet Bomber, which would obliterate the planet and everyone on it. With only 24 hours until the comet reaches the surface, White Bomber and MAX are sent out to deactivate the huge engines propelling the comet through space to prevent Planet Bomber's destruction.

Normal Mode
Gameplay is similar to the previous title, Bomberman Generation. Players control White Bomber and explore 3D environments, using different types of elemental Attribute Bombs to defeat enemies, solve puzzles and progress to the end of the stage. Players who fully explore each stage will often be rewarded with bonus collectibles such as health upgrades, new characters for use in multiplayer battles, and Charabom partners that augment White Bomber's abilities. Up to twelve different Charaboms can be found in Jetters, though their acquisition and usage is different than in Generation. Instead of Pokémon-style battles to acquire them, they are either hidden in certain levels or must be rescued from enemies. New to Jetters is a Charabom evolution system. By collecting food, Charaboms can evolve, changing their appearance and further improving their abilities. Some Charaboms are required to progress through a stage or collect hidden items.

In addition to White Bomber, Jetters also adds a second playable character, Max, whom players can switch to at any time during gameplay. While Max cannot use Charaboms like White Bomber, his Hyper Plasma Bomb can destroy certain walls and eliminate all on-screen enemies, making it helpful against some bosses. While Generation featured non-linear progression, allowing players to attempt stages in any order, Jetters features sequential stage progression.

Battle mode
Battle mode has also been improved from Generation. Instead of having only the four standard bombers, a variety of characters can be unlocked via Normal mode. The handicaps in the game are also different: instead of granting just hearts, the player can be given items on default. Each character also has a unique super move-type ability called the "Killer Shot" which allows them to gain the upper hand on opponents by attacking them or gaining special abilities during the match. Players can access their killer shot during battle after filling up a special meter by repeatedly placing bombs. An optional minigame, "Dig Em Bomber", can be played after each match; in the minigame, the match winner can dig for items, which they will immediately be granted in the next match, while others attempt to prevent them from doing so. Additional battle stages with unique gimmicks and hazards can also be unlocked.

In addition to the traditional Standard Battle mode, three other battle types are available as well. In "Battle One-Two", players must press the numbered switches in the order they flash to win the game, while stepping on a number already activated will take back the numbers the player currently is on. Only one player can do the process at a time, meaning the other players will have to neutralize them first before trying to press the switches. In "Battle for Balloms", players must collect balloon enemies and drop them in any of the four open holes. Players can blow an opponent's collection up, decreasing their chances of winning. As the player collects more balloon enemies, the increasing weight of the amount will slow them down. In "Knockout Battle", players have fully powered bombs, throws, punches, and kicks. The field has no destructible blocks and blasts can go through obstacles. The goal is to use bomb blasts to knock the other players off the arena.

Bomber Mansion
Players also have an arcade style mini-game in which they can access by dying at least once in normal mode. Similar to the arcade mode in Saturn Bomberman, the game lasts five stages and players can gain different ranks depending on how well they do.

Reception
The GameCube version received above-average reviews according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. Game Informer gave it a favorable review, a few months before it was released Stateside. The game was criticized for its voice-acting, character's personalities being altered compared to the anime series version, and gameplay being unimproved from Bomberman Generation. Max's inclusion in the game was considered a wasted improvement and the charabom system was slightly criticized for being an imitation of Pokémon and for being required to get through some stages. However, as with its predecessor, it has won praise due to its multiplayer as many have stated it to "remain true to the formula". In Japan, Famitsu gave it a score of 27 out of 40 for the GameCube and PlayStation 2 versions, and 26 out of 40 for the Game Boy Advance version.

In an episode of Judgement Day on G4TV, Tommy Tallarico criticized the game for its voice acting and abundance of invisible walls.

title: Bomberman Jetters (video game)


text: Category:German travel writers

title: Category:German travel writers


text:
User talk:Wise Man Yoni

Please stop adding nonsense to Wikipedia. It is considered vandalism. If you would like to experiment, use the sandbox. Thank you. -- Kirill Lokshin 00:35, August 28, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Wise Man Yoni


text:
Pinellas County Schools

Pinellas County Schools is the public school district serving Pinellas County, Florida. The district is based in Largo. With over 104,000 students served in more than 140 schools and centers, the district is the 7th-largest in Florida and 26th-largest in the nation. In addition to neighborhood schools, the district offers 70 application programs, including magnet, fundamental and career academy programs. It includes the entire county.

History
The district was created upon Pinellas County's split from Hillsborough County in 1912. Dixie M. Hollins was the county's first superintendent of schools.

Like other school districts in Florida and elsewhere in the United States, Pinellas County has had to deal with issues of desegregation, court-ordered busing, and school choice. In 2000, the district received "unitary" (desegregated) status from the court assigned to monitor integration issues, and from 2003 to 2007 operated a "controlled choice" program which set minimum and maximum percentages of black pupils in individual schools.

In 2007 the "Choice" program was replaced with a "close-to-home' school program, where students go to the school that is nearest to their residence. The Tampa Bay Times was the biggest proponent of resegregation. In multiple editorials in 2007, the Tampa Bay Times, formerly the St. Petersburg Times, urged the school district to abandon integration efforts in favor of "close to home" schools.

From 2007 and by 2015 student performance and behavior at five elementary schools in a mostly black area of St. Petersburg sharply declined.

In March 2009, Pinellas County Schools announced that all schools would close one hour early every Wednesday starting with the 2009–10 school year. The district said that this schedule change was to provide teachers with more planning period time. After much controversy, the school district voted in September 2012 to discontinue early release Wednesdays beginning with the 2013–14 school year.

Superintendents

 * Dixie M. Hollins (1912–1920)
 * Robert S. Blanton (1920–1928)
 * George M. Lynch (1928–1935)
 * George M. Hoffman (1935–1936)
 * Green V. Fuguitt (1936–1948)
 * Floyd T. Christian (1948–1965)
 * Paul D. Bauder (1965–1966)
 * James F. Gollattscheck (1966–1967)
 * Thomas B. Southard (1967–1971)
 * Nicholas G. Mangin (1971–1972)
 * Gus Sakkis (1972–1981)
 * Dr. Scott N. Rose (1981–1991)
 * Dr. J. Howard Hinesley (1991–2004)
 * Dr. Clayton M. Wilcox (2004–2008)
 * Dr. Julie M. Janssen (2008–2011)
 * Dr. John A. Stewart (2011–2012)
 * Dr. Michael A. Grego (2012–2022)
 * Kevin Hendrick (2022–present)

School Board
School board members:
 * Lisa N. Cane, Chairperson – At-Large District #2 (2018–present)
 * Laura Hine, Vice Chairperson – At-Large District #1 (2020–present)
 * Dawn M. Peters – At-Large District #3 (2022–present)
 * Eileen M. Long – Single Member District #4 (2016–present)
 * Carol J. Cook - Single Member District #5 (2000–present)
 * Stephanie Meyer – Single Member District #6 (2022–present)
 * Caprice Edmond – Single Member District #7 (2020–present)

Districts 1–3 are at-large districts, elected by the voters of the entire school district. Districts 4–7 are single-member districts, voted on only by the voters who reside in the member district. The members from single-member districts are also required to reside within the district from which he or she is elected.

Schools in Pinellas County
The district covers a total of 142 institutions: 76 elementary schools, 22 middle schools, 17 high schools, 6 alternative & exception education schools, 9 adult/vocational schools, 16 centers, and 14 charter schools. With more than 17,000 teachers, administrators and support staff, the district is also Pinellas County's largest employer. Additionally, over 20,000 people serve as volunteers.

title: Pinellas County Schools


text: User talk:142.177.114.122

title: User talk:142.177.114.122


text:
Talk:F. Paul Wilson

Untitled
"due entirely to the incontinent issue of fiat money by the Federal Reserve. ... enabling the reader to readily understand that the flaming fraudulence masquerading as "monetary policy" is simply another kind of thieving government confidence game." This needs to be re-written: it is clearly POV ("entirely," "confidence game").Kdammers 00:37, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

I've cleaned up the LaNague Chronicles listing. Hopefully, no one will mess it up. Emb021 14 March 2006

"Wilson is a noted fan of the horror great H. P. Lovecraft and has written more than a few Cthulhu Mythos stories and novels." Ok. could someone point out the Cthulhu Mythos stories and novels? I am not aware of any, other then a few short stories. Many of his horror stories (including the Repairman Jack stuff) is 'mythos-like', but not explicity linked. --Emb021 16:03, 17 July 2006 (UTC)
 * The Keep makes explicit mention of some of the "notorious grimoires" of the Mythos, including Unaussprechlichen Kulten and De Vermis Mysteriis. Cuza finds them in the keep and uses them to discern the identity and purpose of Molassar. Canonblack 12:28, 3 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Regarding the Repairman Jack movie and "citation needed". Here's a link to the official repairman jack site and some news about the current state of the movie: http://www.repairmanjack.com/news.php#12 Love44 22:35, 14 April 2007 (UTC)

The link to the novel Bloodline goes to a book written by somebody else in the 1970's. Can somebody correct this?--Guerre 17:13, 20 April 2007 (UTC)

I think we should add "Doctor" to Paul's occupation (currently "Author"), as he is also a part-time physician, and this is an important part of his life. Bymightywaterways (talk) 03:33, 21 May 2008 (UTC)
 * Wilson started out as a full-time general practitioner (graduating Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine in 1973) and only a part-time writer. His medical background shows up most prominently in his earliest stories and novels. Living and practicing in South Jersey, I'd encountered him several times at Osteopathic medical conferences during the '80s and '90s, while I'd not bumped into him at any of the libertarian political gatherings or science fiction conventions commonly held in the Mid-Atlantic region (Philcon, Boskone, Lunacon, etc.), so I'd put his medical professional focus as a priority. — SJ Doc —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.82.173.13 (talk) 15:04, 15 August 2008 (UTC)

Lead section now acceptable?
The single sentence of the lead section looks unexceptionable to me. Assuming it now meets 'Pedia standards, can somebody w/ the capability take the complaining note off this article?

And if it doesn't, will somebody explain why the heck it's NOT acceptable? GeorgeTSLC (talk) 17:35, 30 March 2013 (UTC)
 * The template that calls its acceptability into question contains two links, which you obviously did not follow, to extensive information about what is required by WP in an article lead. This lead does not meet those requirements, therefore the template.  If I had no idea who Wilson was, that lead would not give me any better idea.  He's a writer from New Jersey?  So what?  Why does he warrant a WP article? Rewrite the lead to answer that question, and it will be closer to meeting the acceptability requirements. 12.233.147.42 (talk) 00:59, 6 November 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:F. Paul Wilson


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Amanda Jones (Miss USA)

Amanda Clara Jones (born October 28, 1950) is an American actress, former model and beauty pageant titleholder who won Miss USA 1973 and then represented the United States at Miss Universe 1973 where she placed 1st Runner-up.

Jones was crowned Miss Illinois USA 1973 and later represented Illinois in the Miss USA 1973 pageant held in New York City. She won the Miss USA title and was crowned by outgoing titleholder Tanya Wilson. Her prize money included a $7,500 cash prize and a $7,500 appearance contract. She was the third of four delegates from Illinois to win the Miss USA title. She wore a custom designed white chiffon dress designed by Alyce Hamm of Alyce Designs. The year following her win she crowned fellow Illinois' titleholder Karen Morrison as the new Miss USA, only the second time that a state had won consecutive titles.

In July, Jones competed in the Miss Universe 1973 pageant in Athens, Greece where she placed 1st runner-up to Margarita Moran of the Philippines.

Jones was an aspiring local commercial model, and only applied for the Miss Illinois USA pageant at the behest of her modelling agent. Despite her attempts to get out of this pageant Jones not only competed but won. She again was reluctant to compete in the Miss USA pageant which she won. Jones took on her responsibilities on her terms. Unlike previous titleholders, Jones was an outspoken supporter of Women's Lib and had marched in peace rallies. She declared she was pro-choice on abortion and against the Vietnam War.

She appears under a pseudonym in Studs Terkel's 1980 book American Dreams: Lost & Found where she recalled One of the big execs from General Motors asked me to do a speech in Washington, D. C., on the consumer and the energy crisis. It was the fiftieth anniversary of the National Management Association. The White House, for some reason, sent me some stuff on it. I read it over, it was nonsense. So I stood up and said: "The reason we have an energy crisis is because we are, industrially and personally, pigs." Oh, they weren't real pleased....  Several times during my year as what's-her-face I had seen the movie The Sting. There's a gesture the characters use which means the con is on: they rub their nose. In my last fleeting moments as Miss USA, as they were playing that silly farewell speech and I walked down the aisle and stood by the throne, I looked right into the camera and rubbed my fingers across my nose. The next day, the pageant people spent all their time telling people that I hadn't done it....

Jones studied at the University of Colorado but dropped out in 1971 to pursue an acting career.

title: Amanda Jones (Miss USA)