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Amanda Lamb

Amanda Lamb (born 19 July 1972) is an English television presenter, property expert and former model who is notable for presenting A Place in the Sun (from 2001 until 2009) and You Deserve This House. She has also had notable appearances on various television programmes as a panellist or as a guest on shows such as The Games, Harry Hill's TV Burp and Pointless Celebrities.

Biography
Amanda Lamb was born in Portsmouth and was brought up in Havant, Hampshire. She worked as an estate agent in Havant and part-time as a barmaid for five years before becoming a model. She lives in London.

Modelling
In 1994, she took over the role of the "Scottish Widow" from Deborah Moore in a long-running series of advertisements for the investment company, Scottish Widows Fund and Life Assurance Society. David Bailey once asked Lamb to glide across the screen wearing roller skates in a scene which never made the final cut. Lamb's final advert and her favourite was called "The Lighthouse", this contract lasted ten years.

In June 1998, she appeared in a silver bikini for FHM.

Television
In 2001, Lamb became the main presenter of the Channel 4 programme A Place in the Sun. She also presented Hot Shots, an Epson-funded programme about digital photography, shown on Discovery Real Time, which was notable as being the last television appearance of photographer Patrick Lichfield.

She competed in the reality television show The Games in March 2006. Lamb then returned to filming A Place in the Sun, in which she still appears.

She co-hosted the cookery programme Market Kitchen (Good Food) and regularly appears on The Wright Stuff (Channel 5) and on Family Super Cooks (Watch).

In 2011, Lamb filmed the first of three series of My Flat-Pack Home for the Home Channel. In March 2012, she began presenting You Deserve This House, a new Channel 4 daytime show in which the homes of 'community heroes' are secretly refurbished.

From 2014 to 2018, Lamb presented a prime-time property show on More4 called Selling Houses with Amanda Lamb. On 20 August 2020, she announced on Instagram that she would be presenting a new show called My Mortgage Free Home. This was to air in 2023.

Personal life
Lamb married Mike Carter in 1998; they divorced in 2003. Lamb married cameraman Sean McGuinness at Babington House, Somerset, in 2012 and they have two daughters, Willow Rose (born in February 2009) and Lottie (born in July 2013).

In 2007, Lamb bought a flat in the medieval town of Nardò in the Apulia region, southern Italy.

Lamb has supported the charities Mind, Cancer Research and Shelter.

title: Amanda Lamb


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Mark Gertler (artist)

Mark Gertler (born Marks Gertler; 9 December 1891 – 23 June 1939) was a British painter of figure subjects, portraits and still-life.

His early life and his relationship with Dora Carrington were the inspiration for Gilbert Cannan's novel Mendel. The characters of Loerke in D. H. Lawrence's Women in Love, and Gombauld in Aldous Huxley's Crome Yellow were based on him.

Early life
Marks Gertler was born on 9 December 1891 in Spitalfields, London, the youngest child of Polish Jewish immigrants, Louis Gertler and Kate "Golda" Berenbaum. He had four older siblings: Deborah (b. 1881), Harry (b. 1882), Sophie (b. 1883) and Jacob "Jack" (b. 1886).

In 1892 his parents took the family to his mother's native city in Austrian Poland, Przemyśl, where they worked as innkeepers. Although Louis was popular with his customers, mainly Austrian soldiers, the inn was a failure. One night without telling anyone, Louis simply left for America (c.1893) in search of work. He eventually sent word to Golda telling her that once he was settled she was to bring the children to live with him there. However, this venture also failed and his family never joined him in America.

Instead Louis returned to Britain, and his family joined him in London in 1896, when Marks' forename was anglicised as "Mark".

From an early age, Gertler showed signs of a great talent for drawing. On leaving school in 1906, he enrolled in art classes at Regent Street Polytechnic. Due to his family's poverty, he was forced to drop out after a year, and in December 1907, he began working as an apprentice at Clayton & Bell, a stained glass company. He disliked his work there and rarely spoke of it in later years. While there, he attended evening classes at the Polytechnic. In 1908, Gertler was placed third in a national art competition and it inspired him to apply for a scholarship from the Jewish Education Aid Society (JEAS) to resume his studies as an artist. The application was successful. Upon the advice of the prominent Jewish artist William Rothenstein, he enrolled at the Slade School of Art in London in 1908. During the four years he spent at the Slade, Gertler was a contemporary of Paul Nash, Edward Wadsworth, C. R. W. Nevinson, Sir Stanley Spencer, Isaac Rosenberg, and Morris Goldstein, among others.

During his time at the Slade, Gertler met the painter Dora Carrington, whom he pursued relentlessly for many years. They had a brief sexual relationship during the years of the First World War. His obsessive love for Carrington is detailed in his published letters (see bibliography below) and in Sarah MacDougall's book Mark Gertler. It is also represented in the feature film Carrington (1995). His love for Carrington was unrequited, and she spent most of her life living with the homosexual author Lytton Strachey, with whom she was deeply in love. Carrington's unconventional relationship with Strachey, of whom Gertler was extremely jealous, and her eventual marriage to Ralph Partridge, destroyed her equally complex relationship with Gertler. He had been so distraught when he learned of Carrington's marriage that he tried to purchase a revolver and threatened to commit suicide.

Career
Gertler's patron was Lady Ottoline Morrell, through whom he became acquainted with the Bloomsbury Group. She introduced him to Walter Sickert, the nominal leader of the Camden Town Group. Gertler was soon enjoying success as a painter of society portraits, but his temperamental manner and devotion to advancing his work according to his own vision led to increasing personal frustration and the alienation of potential sitters and buyers. As a result, he struggled frequently with poverty.

In 1914, the art collector Edward Marsh became Gertler's patron. The relationship between the two men proved a difficult one as Gertler felt that the system of patronage and the circle in which he moved were in direct conflict with his sense of self. In 1916, as World War I dragged on, Gertler ended the relationship due to his pacifism and conscientious objection (Marsh was secretary to Winston Churchill and patron to some of the war poets). Gertler's major painting Merry-Go-Round was created in the midst of the war years and was described by D. H. Lawrence as "the best modern picture I have seen".

In 1913, Gertler met the author and poet Gilbert Cannan, who later described him as "a small passionate man with green eyes". Cannan invited Gertler to stay with him and his wife Mary at their Mill House in Cholesbury, and the two men became friends. Gertler lived there on and off during 1915–1916, and he painted Gilbert Cannan at his Mill (now on view in the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford). The picture depicts Cannan outside the Mill with his two dogs. The black and white one, Luath, had been the inspiration for the dog Nana in the stage production of J. M. Barrie's Peter Pan. It was Cannan who was responsible for introducing Lady Ottoline Morrell to Gertler's paintings and encouraging her to support his work. Cannan closely based the young Jewish character of his 1916 novel Mendel on Gertler's early life, including his infatuation and affair with fellow artist Dora Carrington. This relationship remained unfulfilled as Carrington spurned his numerous advances and instead declared her love for Lytton Strachey. The friendship of Cannan and Gertler waned after 1916, largely because of Cannan's increasingly unstable behaviour.

Virginia Woolf recorded her impressions of Gertler after he came to visit her and her husband in Sussex in September 1918: "'Good God, what an egoist!' We have been talking about Gertler to Gertler for some 30 hours; it is like putting a microscope to your eye. One molehill is wonderfully clear; the surrounding world ceases to exist. But he is a forcible young man; if limited, able & respectable within those limits; as hard as a cricket ball; & as tightly rounded & stuffed in at the edges. We discussed—well, it always came back to Gertler. 'I have a very peculiar character ... I am not like any other artist ... My picture would not have those blank spaces ... I don't see that, because in my case I have a sense which other people don't have ... I saw in a moment what she had never dreamt of seeing ...' & so on. And if you do slip a little away, he watches very jealously, from his own point of view, & somehow tricks you back again. He hoards an insatiable vanity. I suspect the truth to be that he is very anxious for the good opinion of people like ourselves, & would immensely like to be thought well of by Duncan [Grant], Vanessa [Bell] & Roger [Fry]. His triumphs have been too cheap so far. However this is honestly outspoken, & as I say, he has power & intelligence, & will, one sees, paint good interesting pictures, though some rupture of the brain would have to take place before he could be a painter."

Gertler's later works developed a sometimes very harsh edge, influenced by his increasing ill health. In 1920, he was diagnosed with tuberculosis, which forced him to enter a sanatorium on a number of occasions during the 1920s and 1930s. Two of Gertler's close friends, D. H. Lawrence and Katherine Mansfield, succumbed to the disease.

In 1930, Gertler married Marjorie Greatorex Hodgkinson, which resulted in the birth of a son, Luke Gertler, in 1932. The marriage was often difficult, punctuated by the frequent ill health of both, and with Gertler often suffering from the same feelings of constraint that destroyed his relationships with a number of friends and patrons.

During the 1930s, he became a part-time teacher at the Westminster School of Art in order to supplement his intermittent income from painting. He also undertook commercial work, including a series of posters for the Empire Marketing Board. A still-life design by him of a fruit bowl was among the winning entries in the 1933 Famous Artists competition run by Cadbury's for a series of chocolate box designs and which were displayed at the Leicester Galleries in London.

Gertler gassed himself in his Highgate studio in 1939, having attempted suicide on at least one occasion in 1936. He was suffering at the time from increasing financial difficulties, his wife had recently left him, he had held a critically derided exhibition at the Lefevre Gallery, he was still depressed over the death of his mother and Carrington's own suicide (both in 1932), and he was filled with fear over the imminent world war. He was buried at Willesden Jewish Cemetery.

He died at 5, Grove Terrace, Highgate, London, and left a modest estate, valued at only £361, the administration of which was granted to his ex-wife, now remarried, Marjorie Greatorex Kostenz.

Legacy
Gertler's obituary in The Times described his death as "a serious loss to British art. Opinions of his work are likely to vary", it conceded, "but it is safe to say that a considered list of the half-dozen most important painters under fifty working in England would include him". Gertler's paintings are held in numerous public art collections, including in the Glasgow Museums. In June 2015 his 1912 painting The Violinist was auctioned for £542,500 at Christie's, London a record for the sale of his work.

Gertler's former house and studio in Elder Street, Spitalfields, bears a blue plaque erected by the Greater London Council in 1975. Set into the pavement in front of it is a cast-iron roundel created by sculptor Keith Bowler in 1995, depicting a detail from Gertler's Merry-Go-Round.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Mark Gertler (artist)


text:
Talk:Title 11

NPOV, poor writing and inaccuracy
Okay, the NPOV boilerplate I added is really an understatement. Anyone should be able to notice the NPOV. Additionally, there is no general overview of the legislation before jumping right into criticism of the Act. Also, I'm no legal expert here, but is Title 11 the same thing as this Act, or did this Act just amend Title 11 (more likely)? Has it been signed into law yet, if not, where is it in the process? Due to the extreme lack of unbiased information, I'd recommend that a knowledgable Wikipedian check the accuracy.

I wasn't sure whether to put this under NPOV, accuracy dispute or cleanup. Sometimes I think a simple VFD would be better. Apatterno 13:35, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

 * There is already a (much better) article on the Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005 as well as a separate (sketchy) article on the United States Bankruptcy Code. This adds nothing useful to those; so I am going to be bold and redirect this article. Russ Blau (talk) 07:37, August 26, 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Title 11


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Perak War

The Perak War (1875–1876) took place between British and local forces in Perak, a state in northwestern Malaysia. The sultan of Upper Perak and other local chiefs attempted to end foreign influence in the region and remove the British administrator James W. W. Birch. Following the killing of Birch in 1875, British forces defeated the followers of Lela Pandak Lam.

Background
After the murder of James W. W. Birch, local Malays first planned on attacking Bandar Bahru on the night of 2 November, but the plan was aborted due to heavy rain. British reinforcements started to arrive from Hong Kong and Burma by 6 November. A skirmish happened near a Malay-held stockade near Bandar Tua, Perak on 7 November 1875 involving around 106 British soldiers. This was the first battle in the war. Encountering unexpected resistance, the battle ended with the retreat of the British detachment, who lost 4 men including Captain Innes, an officer. Reinforcements were sent, and 300 men soon arrived in the state with 80 boats. Most of the army were sent from India and Hong Kong.

Battle of Bandar Tua
After the assassination of British Resident James W. W. Birch, the British attacked Lela Pandak Lam's stronghold in Pasir Salak. on 7 December, 1875, but were stopped at Kampung Biak. In Lakaran Melayu by Sir Frank Swettenham, the bravery of two Malay scouts, Nakodah Orlong and Alang, is described. Nakodah Orlong was killed in the ambush. Alang defended his leader's body throughout the day and eventually brought it back to the base by swimming in the river. The attack failed for the British, with many wounded and killed.

Siege of Pasir Salak
On the 15th, the British army arrived at Pasir Salak. The place was well defended, with a fort that had a six-foot rampart, coupled with a wooden wall on top and with a trench filled with sharpened spikes and traps. The warriors had several lantaka with them, alongside some muskets. The British attacked relentlessly, but the first attack failed, killing Captain Innes. The British were later successful and captured the fort on 12 December. Pasir Salak was razed by the soldiers under orders from William Jervois.

Battle of Kota Lama Kanan
The warriors, under Lela Pandak Lam, soon retreated to Sayong. The British followed them, attacking enemy forts and villages on the way. Then, on 4 January 1876, they were ambushed at Kota Lama Kanan, Sayong. Brigadier H.J. Hawkins was killed during the fight.

End
Soon, the warriors began to lose strength. By mid-1876, the war ended with the capture of prominent leaders and warriors, such as Lela Pandak Lam, Sultan Abdullah II and Ngah Ibrahim. The first was captured and hanged in Matang with two followers in 1877, while the latter two were exiled to the Seychelles. Thus ended any direct opposition over British control of Perak.

title: Perak War


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Category:Alumni of Girton College, Cambridge

See also Category:Fellows of Girton College, Cambridge.


text:
Category:Alumni of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge

Notable people who, as students, attended Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge at the University of Cambridge in Cambridge, England, United Kingdom. Also included are notable people who attended Gonville Hall (founded in 1348), the predecessor to Gonville and Caius College prior to its establishment in 1557:


text:
Category:Alumni of Jesus College, Cambridge

See also Category:Fellows of Jesus College, Cambridge.


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A House

A House were an Irish rock band that was active in Dublin from 1985 to 1997, and recognized for the clever, "often bitter or irony laden lyrics of frontman Dave Couse ... bolstered by the [band's] seemingly effortless musicality". The single "Endless Art" is one of their best known charting successes.

Beginnings
Formed in Dublin in 1985 by former members of the band Last Chance, vocalist Dave Couse, guitarist Fergal Bunbury, Drummer Dermot Wylie were joined by bassist Martin Healy (who had all been schoolfriends at Templeogue College), came together as A House. The band honed their live skills in the pubs of Dublin, performing in McGonagle's club (best known internationally as the venue where U2 cut their teeth in the late seventies), at free gigs in the Phoenix Park, and turns on RTÉ's TV GaGa and Dave Fanning's radio sessions.

The earliest recorded appearance for the band was on a charity compilation called Blackrock Youth Aid '85, put together at Newpark School. This was followed by tracks on two live compilations: A House contributed a song whose title is representative of the band's early spirit, "On Your Bike Wench, and Let's Have the Back of You", to the EP Live at the Underground (1986), recorded in September 1985 (and only available) in The Underground club in Dublin, and featuring other contemporary up and coming bands such as Something Happens and The Stars of Heaven; the Street Carnival Rock EP (1987) includes songs recorded as Dave Fanning sessions, and finds A House, performing a song called "What A Nice Evening To Take The Girls Up The Mountains".

These beginnings were followed up by two self-released singles, "Kick Me Again Jesus" and "Snowball Down". A House released these on the label RIP Records.

On Our Big Fat Merry-Go-Round and I Want Too Much
Recording a John Peel Session for BBC radio in the United Kingdom, and gaining regional popularity, the band signed with Blanco y Negro who released the singles "Heart Happy" and "Call Me Blue" in Ireland and the UK. The latter was backed by a video and was relatively successful, receiving appreciable airplay and reaching number 28 in the Irish charts, as well as having some impact in the US. These singles were followed by A House's first album On Our Big Fat Merry-Go-Round in 1988. The band then toured with the Go-Betweens, and "Call Me Blue" reached number 3 in the Billboard College Charts in 1989.

A promo version of "Call Me Blue" for the US tour included a track labelled "Some Intense Irish Brogue" which was a short interview with the band. Even in Ireland, however, some listeners found Couse's "yelp of a voice" not quite suited to the slightly quirky but basically mainstream rock style of Merry-Go-Round. Following the tour, the band recorded the album I Want Too Much in 1989 on the small Irish island of Inishboffin. The response of the press was good, but record sales were poor, and Blanco y Negro decided to drop the band. Eventually they were picked up by Setanta, a London-based independent label tending to focus on Irish acts.

Dermot Wylie also quit the band in this period, to be replaced by Dave Dawson.

Doodle and Bingo
Towards the end of 1990 and into 1991, Setanta released two A House EPs: Doodle and Bingo. The latter featured the track "Endless Art", on which A House first worked with Orange Juice singer Edwyn Collins as producer. A House met Collins because he was also signed to Setanta, and it was the beginning of a long and fruitful collaboration as post-A House Couse and Collins remained friends and continued to work together. Setanta also facilitated a relationship between A House and countrymen The Frank and Walters, with members of A House contributing production work to several Frank and Walters' albums.

"Endless Art"
With the sort of commercial luck that sometimes hit A House hard, in the week that "Endless Art" was the most played song on British radio, Setanta, which was only teething as a label, could not get enough copies into the shops to take advantage of the situation (Keith Cullen of Setanta had already had to borrow money from his father to fund the recording of the song). Parlophone Records tried to step in, redistributing 50,000 copies, but by the time these reached the shops it was too late and the re-released version of "Endless Art" (1992) did not get the same radio support, although it did reach the UK Top 50.

"Endless Art" had also benefitted from an accompanying video using clever stop motion animation which gained significant airplay on MTV in Europe, but again due to the bad timing with the song's distribution, the video seemed to be everywhere but the record was not selling. Nevertheless, "Endless Art" became A House's signature, replacing "Call Me Blue" as the song everyone associated with them. The video was memorable, and the song itself – somewhat unusual in its musical approach, and even more so in its lyrics, which led off with a quotation from Oscar Wilde and ran through an extensive roster of famous artists from various fields, all dead, with years of births and deaths specified – stabilized the band as a cult favorite among indie lovers, and is the paradigm of the surprisingly successful "list" style of song which Couse has frequently used (the first example of this style had been the title track on I Want Too Much).

At the time, however, the band had run into criticism because all the artists mentioned in the original "Bingo" release of the song were men. Despite the facetious excuse that they thought Joan Miró was a woman, they tried to make amends by making available a second version of the song, called "More Endless Art", which lists only women artists, as the B-side of the single version. Controversy aside, "Endless Art" is frequently featured on representative compilations of Irish rock and pop music. The 12" single included two other tracks, "Freak Show" and "Charity" which had been recorded for the band's second John Peel Session early in 1992.

I Am the Greatest
The Parlophone distribution of "Endless Art" was the flagship single from A House's new album, called I Am the Greatest (1991), Parolophone again taking over distribution from Setanta. This new record represented a musical expansion for A House. Alongside new drummer Dawson, the recording introduced two other new members to the band, Susan Kavanagh, who had sung with a Dublin band named 'Giant', and had been working on the TV show Jo Maxi, on backing vocals, and David Morrissey on keyboards. This new trio remained with A House until it dissolved although they were less involved in the creative process than the remaining original trio. However, their presence enabled A House to significantly further the transition begun on I Want Too Much beyond the fairly straightforward sound of Merry-Go-Round to a broader musical palette. This was enabled further on "I Am the Greatest" by Collins's production work, and extra contributions from Susie Honeyman's violin.

Lyrically, the songs on the record addressed themes running from satire of societal and religious pieties, through excruciating examinations of personal fears, to the title track, on which the three core band members ruminate in spoken word fashion on their lives, their regrets, their jealousies, and the state of music in the 1990s. The cover artwork was, as always, by Fergal Bunbury with an image by Irish photographer Amelia Stein, and a second single from the album, "Take It Easy On Me" (1992), was also released.

Wide Eyed and Ignorant and No More Apologies
I Am the Greatest is A House's most significant legacy, and is cited by many as one of the best ever released by an Irish band. But it was followed by two more albums on Setanta. Wide-Eyed and Ignorant was released in 1994 to little notice outside of the band's fan-base, although the single "Here Come the Good Times" was A House's only UK Top 40 chart placing, reaching number 37. In 2002 this song experienced a rather unusual second life on the Irish charts when it was chosen by popular vote on national radio to be rerecorded, with new lyrics, as a team anthem and charity single by the Irish soccer squad in the run up to the 2002 World Cup.

Despite the relative success of "Here Come the Good Times", the good times never really came for A House. In the popular music market place this was probably largely because the band refused to do anything but their own thing, which lent extra resonance to the title of their fifth and final album, No More Apologies, released in 1996. It was already known that A House would call it quits the year after that, but No More Apologies, a collection of "twisted beauties", allowed them bow out, masters till of themselves and of "disturbing melodies reflecting the world as seen through their own, strangely coloured, spectacles".

Break up
A House broke up in 1997. The demise of A House was marked by an emotional concert in Dublin on 28 February, attended by the band members' families and packing out the Olympia Theatre. Although visibly moved by the occasion, Couse, ever sarcastic, wondered from stage if A House would have had to break up at all had everyone in attendance bought their records. But no one wanted to leave the Olympia, and A House went out on a high, producing
 * a farewell show last weekend [that was] one of the most cathartic and genuinely disconcerting live events that this column has seen or heard in 15 years. No caro meos, no undue fusses and no forced sentiment, A House came over like they’ve always come over, always four and often six-square, cocksure and strutted-up like they knew, just knew, how damned good they were and how damned good it was what they were leaving behind them.

Even so, five years later Couse could still wonder how the apparent fondness of so many fans for his band had never really carried over to record sales.

Critique
On the release of a best of album in 2002 (The Way We Were) one British reviewer wondered if they were one of the great lost bands of all time, or if most of the world had been right to ignore their "Gaelic charms". On the evidence of the retrospective collection he decided that the answer was "curiously enough, a bit of both". In a specifically Irish context, however, critics writing around the time of A House's demise claimed that there were ways in which "A House is far more important than U2", and that "their passing also arguably [drew] the safety curtain on the first and last great pop movement this country has either seen or heard".

More than ten years after A House's break-up, critics still held A House in high esteem. In 2008 the Irish Times rock critics voted I Am the Greatest the third best Irish album of all time (jointly with Ghostown by The Radiators), behind only Loveless by My Bloody Valentine and Achtung Baby by U2.

After A House
Following the breakup of A House, Couse and Bunbury started a new project together under the moniker Lokomotiv and recorded an album, but this was never released and Lokomotiv were only ever represented by one single, "Next Time Round" (2000). Couse went on to a solo career and, beginning with Genes in 2003, has released three albums so far, two under his own name, and one billed as by Couse and The Impossible. Bunbury continues as Couse's frequent musical collaborator and live accompanist. Couse now hosts a weekly radio music show on Irish national radio station, Today FM.

Martin Healy also took on a couple of different projects. He formed the electro-rock band Petrol with French musician Julie Peel, although they failed to progress far; nonetheless, this was Peel's first entry into music, and she enjoyed working with someone who was "kind of famous" in Ireland, although they, "never actually played a gig - only did studio work and rehearsed". A more substantial effort was known as AV8 (sometimes "Aviate"). This began in 1998 when Healy and Niamh McDonald began a writing and performing partnership, to be joined about a year later by French guitarist Morgan Pincot. AV8 recorded an album called Tremor, and was still a going concern in 2002, albeit with a name change to "Sweet Hereafter", but may now be defunct as Healy, with David Morrissey, is currently part of Mark Cullen's Pony Club. Healy has also produced for Pony Club, and for other bands such as She's a Beauty.

Four tracks from Tremor (Fireside / Push / Now and Forever / Never Knew What Luck Was) have been available for streaming and/or download on AV8's website.

Since 2020, Fergal Bunbury has been issuing new recordings on Bandcamp under the name FBU62 (effboosicksteetoo). To date he has released two LP's (This is Not For You and We Were Not There at the Beginning) and six EP's (EP1;40 Shades of Greed, EP2;We Will Never Make These Numbers Work and EP3;Tinsel, EP4;Variations in A Major, EP5; Here Come the Bad Times and EP6; Out of Tempo).

Singles

 * 1 - Though failing to chart on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100, the song managed to chart at No. 9 on the U.S. Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart.
 * 2 - Also failing to chart on the U.S. Hot 100, but the song managed to bubble under the Radio and Records Top 50 pop chart.

John Peel sessions

 * Session, 25 January 1987, produced by Dale Griffin.
 * "Call Me Blue" / "Y.O.U." / "Hit Me Over the Head with Your Handbag Dear" / "Heart Happy"
 * Session, 2 February 1992, at Maida Vale Studio, produced by Dale Griffin.
 * "Endless Art" / "Charity" / "Freakshow" / "Force Feed"

title: A House


text: Category:Drepanidae

title: Category:Drepanidae


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Category:Alumni of King's College, Cambridge

See also Category:Fellows of King's College, Cambridge


text: User talk:217.154.180.34

title: User talk:217.154.180.34


text:
Rapture (Sosnowski novel)

Rapture is a 1996 novel by David Sosnowski. The overarching story of this book deals with the effects on society when normal people begin sprouting angelic wings. The story follows two main characters; Alexander 'Zander' Wiles is a petty crook suffering from acute agoraphobia, and Cassandra 'Cassie' O'Conner, a psychiatrist specializing in 'angels' and author of a pop-psychology book titled Angel Blues. Both live and work around Detroit, Michigan, and much of the story takes place either in Detroit or its suburbs.

Plot
The book starts somewhere in the middle. Zander is attempting suicide by trying to jump off the smokestack of an industrial plant. Cassie is at the same plant intending to do a little night flying. Zander succeeds in knocking himself unconscious and breaking a wing. Cassie drags him to shore and calls paramedics, eventually having to instruct them on how to set the broken bones.

Roughly half of the book is involved with Zander and Cassie's backgrounds. Zander grew up in the shadows of industrial plants. His father died under mysterious circumstances and his stepfather locked Zander out when he turned 18. Zander quickly fell under the influence of a class-mate of his, a small-time drug dealer who soon taught Zander about running from the police and how to tell a good stash from a bad one. Zander eventually became a drug runner in his own right until he started undergoing some of the preliminary changes of 'angelism'. As the condition was completely unknown at the time, he thought he was simply dying and holed up in a rent-a-cottage facility, ordering in pizza and beer. Eventually, when he began growing the hard green casing that is the first visible sign, he realized he had something new and became an all-out hermit.

Once the wings had sprouted, Zander contacted his old drug buddy and the pair worked out a scam to get money from elderly people. Zander would pretend to be the Angel of Death, but announced that he could be put off by a monetary donation. It was not until the pair encountered another angel, this one dead for several weeks, that Zander realized that he was not alone. He assaulted his drug buddy, went to a talent agency and became a talk show star. Eventually, this too became tiresome and he once again became a hermit.

Cassie's story quite different. Her mother was a bisexual sculptor and a single parent. When Cassie's uncle left them an old farm, they moved out to the farmhouse and Cassie's mother continued her sculpting. Cassie and her mother were always outsiders in the community, never quite able to fit in and never quite wanting to, either. Eventually, Cassie moved to Ann Arbor and started attending the University of Michigan's medical college. While she was there, she 'contracted' angelism and spent her time in a 'coop,' a safehouse run by other angels where one could transform in security. Returning to school, Cassie realized that she did not really want to become a medical doctor, but still wanted to help people. She chose to become a psychiatrist, and specialized in angels.

Cassie's book Angel Blues is considered the definitive work on angel psychology (largely because there is no other work on angel psychology) but Cassie believes herself to be a fake; she claims she wrote the book to "meet Oprah." After having a falling out with her patients and her colleagues, she was diagnosed as a flying addict and received treatment for it. This is roughly the time when she saved Zander's life, and he set up a meeting between them to work on his agoraphobia.

Working with Zander re-enthused Cassie to get back to working with her regular patients. She began treating Zander's old drug buddy, who had partially transformed into an angel. To be precise he was a 'penguin,' an angel without the extensive nerves in his wings and lacking a sense of balance when upright. Therefore, he had to shuffle around the ground on all fours or be pushed in a wheelchair. Zander takes on the case, declaring that 'he doesn't need a psychologist... he needs an engineer.' Using a series of counterbalances and a walker, he gets his buddy on his feet again and effectively cures penguinism. It is about this point where Zander and Cassie begin really exploring the possibilities of a sexual relationship, beyond doctor-patient and friend-friend.

title: Rapture (Sosnowski novel)


text:
Bohdan Arct

Bohdan Arct (born 27 May 1914 in Warsaw – 14 May 1973 in Siedlce, Poland) was a Polish fighter pilot of the Polish Air Forces in France and Great Britain in World War II, and writer. Arct fought in the Polish armed forces until the fall of Poland at the beginning of World War II. He escaped to France and served as a flight instructor with the French Air Force in French North Africa. After France capitulated in June 1940, Arct flew to Great Britain and became a fighter pilot at the beginning of 1941, attending Royal Air Force (RAF) Operational Training Unit 61, and then joined the No. 306 Polish Fighter Squadron (RAF) in October 1941.

During mid-1943, Arct flew missions in North Africa with the Polish Fighting Team, which was attached as "C" Flight to No. 145 Squadron RAF. He claimed one Bf 109, one probable, and two damaged at this time. In July 1943 he returned to No. 306 as a flight commander, and in August was posted to Polish No. 303 Squadron RAF, claiming a FW 190 on 17 August.

In June 1944, Arct took command of the No. 316 Polish Fighter Squadron (RAF). He shot down two V-1 flying bombs in mid 1944, and a Bf 109 on 14 August 1944. On 6 September 1944 he was forced to bail out over the Netherlands due to his P-51 Mustang suffering engine failure. He was interned as a prisoner of war in Stalag Luft I.

When Arct was released from internment in 1945 he returned to England. In 1947, Arct moved with his English wife Beryl and their daughter to Communist Poland, first to Wrocław, then Warsaw and finally Dobrzanów, where he joined his mother. Like many other Poles who had fought in the armed forces of the Western Allies, he suffered repression from the new government of the People's Republic of Poland until the 1956 Khrushchev Thaw and De-Stalinization.

Between 1944 and 1973 he wrote forty four books, mostly on wartime aviation, including his memoirs, with four million copies sold overall.

Arct died suddenly in 1973 at the age of 58.

Awards
Virtuti Militari, Silver Cross Krzyż Walecznych (Cross of Valour), and three bars

Works (partial)

 * W pogoni za Luftwaffe (1946)
 * Messerschmitty w słońcu (1947)
 * Cyrk Skalskiego (1957)
 * W pościgu za V-1 (1957)
 * Wielki dzien dywizjonu 303 (1957)
 * W podniebnej chwale (1958)
 * Rycerze biało-czerwonej szachownicy
 * Kamikadze – Boski Wiatr (1961)
 * Cena życia (1964)
 * Skrzydła nad Warszawą (1964)
 * Polacy w bitwie o Anglie (1967)
 * Niebo w ogniu (1970)
 * Alarm w Saint Omer (1971)
 * Obce niebo (1971)
 * Polacy w walce z bronią V (1972)
 * Jeniec wojenny (2003)

title: Bohdan Arct


text: User talk:203.87.181.198

title: User talk:203.87.181.198


text:
Sher Singh

Sher Singh (4 December 1807 – 15 September 1843) was the fourth Maharaja of the Sikh Empire. Elder of the twins of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, founder of the Sikh Empire and Maharani Mehtab Kaur. His reign began on 18 January 1840 following his assault on Lahore which ended the brief regency of Maharani Chand Kaur. He was assassinated on 15 September 1843 by Ajit Singh Sandhawalia.

Birth
Sher Singh was the son of Maharaja Ranjit Singh and Maharani Mehtab Kaur, he had a younger twin brother Tara Singh (1807–1859).

Early life
In 1820, Maharaja Ranjit Singh granted him the privilege of being seated in the Darbar and bestowed civil and military honors on him. From 1831 to 1834 he acted as Governor of Kashmir and in 1834 he was a commander of the force that captured Peshawar from the Afghans.

Military campaigns
Barelvi declared jihad against the Sikhs and established a camp in Balakot. Along with Shah Ismail Dehlvi and his tribesmen, in 1831, Sher Singh accompanied by Pratab Singh Attarwala and Akali Hanuman Singh arrived in Balakot. He invested Balakot on all sides. The Sikh slowly advanced narrowing the besieged area gradually. On reaching near the Sayyid residence, the sikh drew out their swords, cut down the sayyid troops and shot down Sayyid Ahmed Khan. His head cut off for display, and about 500 followers of Sayyid were killed including Shah Ismail Dehlvi. The entire property of Sayyid fell into the hands of Sikhs. A sum of Rs. 50,000 along with a letter of appreciation was sent to Sher Singh promising an additional Jagir.

Reign
Sher Singh became the maharaja on 27 January 1841, after the sudden death of Nau Nihal Singh whose death was set in motion, some say purposely while returning from his father's cremation. He was the half-brother of Nau Nihal Singh's father, former Maharaja Kharak Singh.

Proclaimed Maharaja by his wazir (prime minister) Dhian Singh Dogra, he won the throne after a protracted siege of the Lahore Fort which was held by the Royal family. Thousands died in the siege.

Death
Sher Singh was killed as he was asked to inspect a new shotgun brought by Ajit Singh Sandhawalia. Sandhawalia then pulled the trigger and then killed the wounded Sher Singh with his sword by cutting off his head. Ajit Singh Sandhawalia had served as Prime Minister first for Ranjit Singh then for Sher Singh's brother Kharak Singh then Karak Singh's son Nau Nihal each of whom had died shortly after taking office. Ajit Singh Sandhawalia then served as Prime Minister for Kharak Singh's widow Chand Kaur who served as regent. Ajit Singh Sandhawalia preferred having Chand Kaur as regent ruler as it allowed him more power. Chand Kaur had been removed as the expected heir her late son Nau Nihal's daughter in law was about to deliver died stillborn. Sher Singh only had time to utter, "what treachery." The Sandhawalias also murdered Dhian Singh. The Sandhawalias were thought to have also had designs on the empire.

Legacy
His palace is leased to Baring Union Christian College.

title: Sher Singh


text: Category:Alumni of Newnham College, Cambridge


text: Category:Alumni of Pembroke College, Cambridge


text:
Talk:Thomas Lipton

Untitled
The article calls Lipton a Scottish self-made man, then later states he is of Irish descent. Although this is not an impossibility, it's sloppily written and could be confusing to many readers. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.23.37.174 (talk) 13:44, 22 August 2005

Portrait
As of the late 1990s (but at least not for the last few years), the package (the 16-teabag one, at least) featured a 3-tone posterized portrait of Lipton, in a nautical billed cap (with a medallion) and brandishing a teacup, perhaps a flattering rendition of the appearance he made as of the 1909 photo. (Particularly, the mustache is much narrower and more horizontal on the box.) It is accompanied by a small "Thomas JLipton" [sic] signature, in black. Perhaps worth mention, if a little more detail can be found. --Jerzy•t 04:29, 5 March 2013 (UTC)

Date of Birth
Where did 1848 come from? All other sources give 1850. Thisdaytrivia (talk) 05:45, 7 February 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Thomas Lipton


text:
Princess Charlotte Bay

Princess Charlotte Bay is a large bay on the east coast of Far North Queensland at the base of Cape York Peninsula, 350 km north northwest of Cairns. Princess Charlotte Bay is a part of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park and it is a habitat for the dugong.

Reefs in the bay are described as pristine. Barramundi habitat and associated wetlands exist in declared green zones which restrict commercial fishing.

History
The bay is in the traditional lands of the Bakanambia and Jeteneru people. The bay was named after Princess Charlotte of Wales by Lieutenant Charles Jeffreys of the British Royal Navy in 1815.

Princess Charlotte Bay and surrounds were devastated by the Mahina Cyclone of 1899 which destroyed all 100 ships moored there at the time. Other estimates suggest a lower figure of 82 boats destroyed. On the 4 March 1899, the entire North Queensland pearling fleet was in the bay where they regularly collected supplies and unloaded shells. Around 100 Aboriginals who were assisting survivors ashore and 307 men from the pearling fleet were drowned in Queensland's worst maritime disaster.

Geography
The most easterly point of the bay is Cape Melville. Also in this area is Flinders Island, part of the Flinders Group. The bay's most westerly point is Claremont Point.

Normanby, Bizant, North Kennedy, Marrett and Morehead rivers terminate in the bay. Marine fossils and old beach ridges have been discovered well inland along the river systems. This indicates the bay has been experiencing a gradual infilling.

During spring tides salt water inundates low areas for several kilometres inland. Mixed mangrove forests predominate in tidal areas. The adjacent wetlands are one of the largest in Australia. Extensive areas of seagrass beds exist on the bay's seafloor. There are also large areas of tidal flats covered in sand and mud.

Protected areas around the bay include Marpa National Park, Rinyirru National Park and Cape Melville National Park. The best boat access to Princess Charlotte Bay is from the Bizant boat ramp which is 20 km from Bizant.

Fauna
The Bizant river shark is a rare species of fresh or brackish water shark. More common marine species found in the bay include barramundi, blue salmon, grey mackerel, queenfish, grunter, mangrove jack, tiger prawn and mud crab.

Both Princess Charlotte and nearby Bathurst Bay have some of the highest densities of dugong in Queensland. A Special Management area has been established in Princess Charlotte Bay. It aims to protect the dugong from commercial net fishers by limiting the number of fishing permit holders.

title: Princess Charlotte Bay


text:
Talk:Military Auxiliary Radio System

American bias
It should be mentioned that this is an american program. They do not hold a monopoly on all thing military.--Madison Gray 16:29, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I think it's pretty obvious from the article that this is a program of the United States military. It's unclear what the objection is about.--Kharker (talk) 16:34, 26 February 2008 (UTC)

WikiProject Military history/Assessment/Tag & Assess 2008
Article reassessed and graded as start class. --dashiellx (talk) 20:20, 21 May 2008 (UTC)

Promotional Tone (Newsrelease)
I'm concerned about the tone of the article. It comes across as promotional, almost like a press release. Phrases like: Should be replaced by objective measures of success or activity to make the article more neutral. twilsonb (talk) 00:33, 19 August 2009 (UTC)
 * "The Military Affiliate Radio System is just as active today as it ever was"
 * "MARS continues to be very active today"
 * "Their efforts were very successful"

Redundant navbox
Since everything in is included in, shouldn't  be removed? --K6PDG Patrick (talk) 21:14, 23 October 2013 (UTC)

AARS Misinformation
The MARS community has had the unfortunate tendency to promulgate the understanding that the AARS was a group of radio amateurs that trained the US Army Signal Corps in the use of radios. This is absolutely wrong. Please see the following monograph for an in depth history of the AARS: Army Amateur Radio System: 1925-1941. — Preceding unsigned comment added by AARS.history (talk • contribs) 19:30, 14 December 2019 (UTC) AARS was not used as recreational organization for either civilians or the Army. It had a domestic purpose to aid in civil disaster issues as well as serve as a trained pool of operators to draw from in the event of war.

title: Talk:Military Auxiliary Radio System


text:
User talk:Kooo/Archive 2

Hi

I made some comment on the finnish grammar discussion page regarding the 4th infinitive which I think is wrongly described. I did not change the main page because I did not know how to keep the thing nice looking with those tables you developed.

I am not registered as a Wiki editor so perhaps if you have some time..... :)

I really liked the information in this article..its a great source of information to port to my hand-held pc.

Tom B Turku

 * I'm glad it's of use :-) —kooo 18:17, Mar 28, 2005 (UTC)

Great work on the Finnish grammar tables, Kooo.

Rik G.

Can you please translate and post 2005 Belize unrest. Thanks. Danny

Mignonette
Thanks for the compliment! Hope you won't mind that I'm putting the line space back in below the taxobox, it's WP:TOL policy to have a line space there for clarity :-) - MPF 00:20, 27 Jan 2005 (UTC)

The Answer to Life, the Universe, and Everything - Revert
The edits by 65.185.114.20 do seem to be vandalism, but I think you mistakenly reverted one by 67.165.6.50 from over a day earlier. Not all IP edits are vandalism. However, I don't know which book the quote is from either. Splarka 18:18, 19 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes, I wasn't very sure of that one myself, but I figured someone would revert it if I was wrong. I'll make a note of it in the talk-page. —kooo 04:01, Jun 20, 2005 (UTC)

 * Hmm, I looked it up and it is Book 2 "The Restaurant at the End of the Universe" which opens with that text. However, there has been another vandalism and revision already, so I am not sure if the page should be revised or the information just readded. I'll note this on the talk page too. Splarka

user fi commonsissa
Hei! Tein suomea äidinkielenään puhuville commonsiin -mallineen. EnSamulili 7 July 2005 18:01 (UTC)

The bible
Firstly let me say that I am sorry to have to bother you.

Secondly, I wish to let you know that a recent VFD that you took part in has closed. The result was that 32 people voted to keep all individual bible verses as seperate articles, and 34 voted that they shouldn't (2 abstensions, and 3 votes for both). This is considered by standard policy not to be a consensus decision (although the closing admin stated that it was a consensus to keep them).

Thirdly, the subject has now been put to a survey, so that it may remain open until there is a clear consensus for what appears to be a difficult issue to resolve. You may wish to take part in this survey, and record a similar vote to the one you made at the VFD there. The survey is available at Bible verses.

18:25, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

I added another section for "verse-by-verse Biblical analysis should be transwikied to a WikiBible instead of left on Wikipedia with the possible exception of "notable" verses" as something that could take votes *in addition* to votes for other section, so if you support that idea go check it out. Thanks! — Phil Welch 22:27, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

SimonP (the creator of the 100 or so gospel verse articles) has tried to claim that the votes for the "only notable verses" section would include most of the 30,000 verses of the bible because he sees them as notable. To avoid such a POV twisting of the votes, I have added a new section - - for voting on whether the number of notable verses is more like 30,000, or more like 30. Would you care to vote there as well? 00:23, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

Annoying IP
I see you're one of the people who has been reverting the vandal who claims that a minor British soap opera actor does the voice for Mr. Burns. The IP is doing a similar thing with (albeit a far less notable subject) Families - I've slapped a VFD on his{?} article Amanda Dickison, if you want to join in? The JPS 12:54, 8 August 2005 (UTC)

Politeness
Contrary to what you wrote at User talk:Keetoowah, we are rewuired to be polite. Here is the policy that says this: Civility. Keetooah is currently the subject of a request for arbitration over his incivility. —Theo (Talk) 21:15, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Kooo/Archive 2


text:
Talk:Novial

someone forgot to add a sample text..

Novial '98 webpage has apparently not been updated since 1998 and contains at least two dead links.J S Ayer 00:45, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

Suffixes to change word uses
A section explaining the way to change the use of a word using suffixes (eg. mali "bad" into maleso "evil") needs to be added. The 'adverbs' section seems like a start in this but it must be expanded on. Ciraric 15:16, 12 April 2007 (UTC)

ISO 639-3
wrong info : http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novial_language&diff=prev&oldid=28166338

nov is NOT ISO 639-3 Tobias Conradi (Talk) 09:19, 17 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Is the information at SIL incorrect, then?
 * http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=nov

reinserted iso3=nov. template now uses http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id= and not the ethnologue URL which said nov is not a language code used in the Ethnologue, 15th edition. Other constructed languages where mentioned with their code, so I thought nov is not valid 639-3. Tobias Conradi 13:27, 19 November 2005 (UTC)

Sources of Novial
To what extent can it be claimed that Esperanto is a source of Novial (as stated in the info box)? I am aware of only one word (absent from any ethnic language) definitely borrowed from Esperanto: the indefinite preposition "ye".

All else is based on ethnic languages, although somewhat influenced by the author's work on Ido. Novial differs radically from both Ido and Esperanto in grammar. Nov_ialiste (Talk)

 * It seems more similar to Occidental than any of the others.Cameron Nedland 15:14, 8 October 2006 (UTC)

 * I agree. Especially the verbal system. Nov ialiste 14:47, 9 October 2006 (UTC)

Lu
I am deleting this part: "However, animate objects like dogs should probably be referred to using 'LE' or a gender-specific pronoun".

Reasons: 1) "should probably" is vague and does not help the reader.

2) The statement would need to be backed up by an authoritative reference (I am aware of none). Nov ialiste 17:01, 20 April 2006 (UTC)

Non-copyright picture of Otto Jespersen
Does anybody know of a non-copyright picture of Otto Jespersen? It would be nice to include and could go on the Otto Jespersen page also. Nov ialiste 18:51, 3 May 2006 (UTC)

Not displacing native languages

 * "Novial ... is ... intended to facilitate international communication and friendship, without displacing anyone's native language."

but
 * "Its vocabulary is based largely on the Germanic and Romance languages and its grammar is influenced by English."

This is confusing. What does "without displacing anyone's naitve language" mean -- what is the significance of that part of the sentence? What danger does an IAL pose to native languages that Novial's design removes, especially for native languages that are not Germanic or Romance, such as Slavic, Baltic and Celtic languages, Mandarin, Hindi, Arabic, Farsi, and the numerous African, Amerindian and Indian languages, that are spoken natively? -Pgan002 08:41, 29 January 2007 (UTC)

 * It's due to the fact that just about all IALs are based on the theory that people should be able to use their native language when they want, and use an IAL when conversing with someone from another linguistic background. That's in order to remove the situation where one person from a linguistic background might want his or her children to learn a more widespread language in place of theirs for their economic benefit, and in doing so cause their own language to lose more and more native speakers. With an easy IAL, in theory, a person with a mother tongue of only 1000 people should be on the same footing as a person from an English background, because when using an IAL they both use it as a second language. Mithridates 14:57, 29 January 2007 (UTC)

 * So if (as you say) all IALs are intended this way, then Novial is not special in this regard, and it does not need to be mentioned in the Novial article. Or, if it is special, what features of Novial make it better suited to "facilitate communication ... without displacing anyone's native language"?  How does it cater to people who speak (say) only Mandarin, better than other IALs do? -Pgan002 19:10, 5 February 2007 (UTC)
 * It might need to be changed to state that this is the purpose of an IAL, not specifically Novial. I remember when I nominated the Ido article to be a FA there were a few comments on how the article was good but didn't state what its purpose was, assuming somewhat that the reader already knows. IOW, instead of cutting that part out, more detail is what's needed. Mithridates 00:24, 6 February 2007 (UTC)

Religious Sample Text
Shouldn't we make this more secular? Religious sensitivity?

DarkestMoonlight (talk) 14:48, 10 April 2008 (UTC)

I totally agree, why do they always use the lord's prayer? what' up with that? 74.56.51.203 (talk) 04:45, 22 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Reason: 1. Ethnologue 2. SIL International. ... said: Rursus (bork²) 20:33, 6 March 2009 (UTC)

LOL, I just want to ask about this too, why always using religious text for comparison, why not using other much more universally secular and modern sample text such as news/biz headlines, ICT/gadget news, social/political news, etc - by which real strongly related to our current era and practical use rather than the archaic relic-ious sectarian-oriented text currently used. Are most techies using binary lingo already, and just forgetting/ditching all of this universal lingo issue since it's too sectarianly-designed? Well, I getting up too late again... I actually think Novial can be my primary language replacing English for modern-era usages, specifically for technical use, since most technically-minded person like me never like the idea of diacritics/glyphs that make fast-typing text even harder and slower, not mentioning to vocalize and to understand it properly between diacritics tha may be overlooked by those poorsighted/poorhearing persons. Just need the plain text w/o any fancy appendages around the letters and biases in speaking the letters (e.g: "c" is differently spoken when paired/suffixed with "i"/"e" [sounds like "s"] vs "a"/"o"/"u"/consonants [sounds like "k"/"q"]) - shorter word to use to express an idea is better (e.g: "impos" is better than "impossible", or "rande" is better than "rendezvous", which English word is rooted from the impractical excessively-made-longer-intentionally Frenchie words). Any IAL fits this requirement can be my primary language replacing 'biased-impractical-gendered' English ([impractical?] why can't I use "it" as short genderless word replacememt for "he/she" for mentioning both genders? [gendered?] why a ship has to be "she/her" instead of a genderless object? [comparable to Spanish "la" and German "der" for English "the" with female gender, it's really weird for making dead things gendered as if they can reproduce offsprings by themselves without mating with the same opposite sex class - "Is there really any male ship exist/available for mating with the female ship in their mating season?"]).

Would IAL be devised for internationally understandable intelligible language not just for current time but for future uses? not just for archaic-artistical grandies but also for the futuristic-technotronix neos trying to search some unused space in their brain for computational matrices space that currently allocated and hogged by mumbo-jumbo inefficient world lingos that they don't need? (this critique is a sharpie one, I know. But I need for that universal lingo that matched perfectly my needs of very efficient/effective technically-friendly language as my primary one, or I might resort to binary language that actually truly universal for digital binary-based machines world and need no xlator between them to understand each other messages, unless the humans design them to do the otherwise with human-made new numerous 'human' protocols that limit their ability to understand universally binary codes they knew already).

The text sample used (religious, which is a prehistoric relic) just show that those IALs are made not for general/universal use, but for relic-ious (read: religious) use only (comparable to paleontologists lingo when trying to speak with archeologists and anthropologists/culturologists lingos - they actually can speak with technical lingo by the common standard of their technical studies backgrounds but the lingo sample used by anthropologist is too ethnicalistic/culturalistic (instead of too technicalistic) for the paleontologist to understand what it means). In short: "Use technical/modern-era compatible text content sample too, please..." - we are not all made into artistical/religious persons only, mind you. ---[Ois1974 @ 2014-03-29 Sat]-- — Preceding unsigned comment added by 27.111.51.92 (talk) 07:19, 29 March 2014 (UTC)

 * Whether one is religious or not, a sample text like the Lord's Prayer will probably be familiar to many. This facilitates comparisons, since contextual or other clues will be available to almost all readers; i.e., everyone understands that this is language found in the Bible, directed towards a deity, etc. While it will not necessarily represent every context in which language may be (and is) found, it does represent a context that most people will be at least somewhat familiar with, irrespective of their religious background. 108.246.206.139 (talk) 05:54, 8 June 2015 (UTC)

How are adjectives compared?
At present, the article reads thus:

 * All adjectives end in -i, but this may be dropped if it is easy enough to pronounce and no confusion will be caused. Adjectives precede the noun qualified. Adjectives do not agree with the noun but may be given noun endings if there is no noun present to receive them.

In English, adjectives are inflected to show comparison (usually preceded by more or suffixed with -er) or a superlative relationship (usually preceded by most or suffixed with -est). How are these shown in Novial? 108.246.206.139 (talk) 05:59, 8 June 2015 (UTC)

 * According to Jespersen's An International Language, ". . . degrees of comparison are indicated by means of special words, not by means of endings" (87). These 'special words' are plu, tam, and min. Likewise, the superlative is indicated with a similar set of particles, maxim and minim. Some examples:
 * Plu boni - Better
 * Min boni - Less good
 * Maxim boni - Best
 * I will go ahead and make the edit to the page.
 * --Nathanthomsen (talk) 08:17, 15 January 2016 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Latin which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 00:44, 8 July 2015 (UTC)

Interlingua de IALA
At the time of "Novial", there were TWO "Interlinguas" (and still are).

Vanderbilt's/Gode's Interlingua de IALA - IA is about dead. It has no sizable corpus and is a "constructed language" (conlang) - albeit naturalistic.

Interlingua de Academia pro Interlingua (ApI), abbreviated IL, is a controlled version of Latin: "Latino sine flexione, Lingua Auxiliare Internationale". Corpus: ab out 3,000 pages of scientific papers, including >400pp of Giuseppe Peano's "Formulario Mathematico", 5þ edition.

As a /controlled language/, ALL you need to write in it is a Latin dictionary (giving the Ablative case out of the Genitive), and Peano's 1915 rules (which were reformed democratically in the Discussiones de la ApI, so "IL de Peano" is a misnomer in fact).

Petersen never was in favour of IL de ApI, but dabbled in ConLanging in the IALA. Therefore, it is important to distinguish WHICH "Interlingua" is meant.

ClueBot NG has been notified: http://tools.wmflabs.org/cluebotng/?page=View&id=3097529

--217.224.141.21 (talk) 19:43, 5 August 2017 (UTC)

Accusative ambiguity due to -u, -um, -m, -em
In the grammar section we learn that concrete nouns can be formed using the suffix -u and abstract nouns using -um. We learn later, in the pronouns section, that "an optional accusative ending, -m (-em after a consonant), is available". This implies that the accusative ending for a concrete noun is -um -- which is identical to the (nominative) abstract noun ending!! It can be presumed that in actuality, the accusative ending for concrete nouns is -uem and similarly, for abstract nouns, it is -umem. Is it worth raising this issue in the article, or are we happy for Novial users to fall into the trap of using -um ambiguously? Custardslice7 (talk) 20:13, 12 December 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Novial


text:
File:SomewhereinEnglandCover.jpg

Rationale
1. This image is to be used to illustrate the article Somewhere in England, and articles relating to it. It will not be used for any other purpose. 2. There is no free alternative of the cover. 3. It is of a small size, and uses a file format which is not capable of creating a perfect pixel-to-pixel copy of the cover. 4. It does not, in any way, hinder the label that holds the rights to this cover's ability to distribute, display, modify or produce altered copys of the cover.

title: File:SomewhereinEnglandCover.jpg


text:
1891 in art

The year 1891 in art involved some significant events.

Events

 * May 10 – Danish sculptor Anne Marie Brodersen marries her compatriot, the classical composer Carl Nielsen, in St Mark's English Church, Florence, the couple having first met on March 2 in Paris.
 * June – Sidney Paget produces his first illustrations for Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes stories in The Strand Magazine.
 * Henri Matisse begins his studies at the Académie Julian.
 * Correspondence of Marie Bashkirtseff and Gustave Flaubert is published.
 * Paul Gauguin sails to French Polynesia.
 * Impressionist Armand Guillaumin wins 100,000 francs in the French state lottery and is able to devote himself to painting full-time.
 * Félix Vallotton makes his first woodcuts.

Works

 * William-Adolphe Bouguereau
 * The Goose Girl
 * Work Interrupted
 * Frank Bramley – For Of Such Is The Kingdom Of Heaven
 * Edward Burne-Jones – Sponsa de Libano
 * Philip Hermogenes Calderon – St. Elizabeth of Hungary
 * Milly Childers – Hugh Culling Eardley Childers
 * Pierre Puvis de Chavannes – The Shepherd's Song
 * Édouard Detaille – Vive L'Empereur: charge du quatrième hussards à la bataille de Friedland, 14 juin 1807
 * Alexander Doyle – Statue of Henry W. Grady
 * Thomas Eakins – Miss Amelia Van Buren (Phillips Collection, Washington, D.C.)
 * James Ensor – Skeletons Fighting Over a Pickled Herring (Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium, Brussels)
 * Luke Fildes – The Doctor
 * Akseli Gallen-Kallela – Aino Triptych (second version)
 * Paul Gauguin – Tahitian Women on the Beach
 * J. W. Godward
 * Innocent Amusement
 * A Pompeian Lady
 * The Sweet Siesta of a Summer Day
 * Hubert von Herkomer
 * In the Black Country
 * On Strike
 * Carl Kahler – My Wife's Lovers
 * Benjamin Williams Leader – The Excavation of the Manchester Ship Canal: Eastham Cutting with Mount Manisty in the Distance
 * Sir Frederic Leighton – Perseus and Andromeda
 * John Henry Lorimer – The Ordination of Elders in a Scottish Kirk
 * Frederick William MacMonnies – Statue of James S. T. Stranahan
 * Jan Matejko – Constitution of May 3, 1791
 * Claude Monet
 * The Haystack Series
 * The Poplar Series
 * Edvard Munch – Melancholy (first version)
 * Mikhail Nesterov – The Vision of the Youth Bartholomew
 * Henrietta Rae – Miss Nightingale at Scutari (1854)
 * Paul Ranson – Witches Around the Fire
 * Ilya Repin – Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks
 * Tom Roberts – A break away!
 * Henri Rousseau – Tiger in a Tropical Storm
 * Augustus Saint-Gaudens – Adams Memorial
 * John Singer Sargent – Egyptians Raising Water from the Nile
 * Giovanni Segantini
 * Midday in the Alps
 * The Punishment of Lust
 * Georges Seurat – completion of The Circus (Musée d'Orsay, Paris)
 * John "Hans" Staehli – Chiming Fountain, Portland, Oregon
 * Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec – Moulin Rouge: La Goulue (color lithographic poster)
 * Edward Arthur Walton – Bluette
 * J. W. Waterhouse – Circe Offering the Cup to Ulysses
 * George Frederic Watts – After the Deluge

Births

 * January 21 – Franz Sedlacek, Austrian painter (died 1945)
 * February 13 – Grant Wood, American painter (died 1942)
 * April 2 – Max Ernst, German painter, sculptor, graphic artist and poet (died 1976)
 * April 4 – Virgilio Guidi, Italian painter (died 1984)
 * April 7 – David Low, New Zealand-born editorial cartoonist (died 1963)
 * May 10 – Mahmoud Mokhtar, Egyptian sculptor (died 1934)
 * June 8 – Audrey Munson, American actress and artist's model (died 1996)
 * June 19 – John Heartfield, born Helmut Herzfeld, German graphic designer (died 1968)
 * June 30 - Stanley Spencer, English painter (died 1959)
 * August 15 – Iva Despić-Simonović, Croatian sculptor (died 1961)
 * August 25 – Alberto Savinio, Italian writer, painter and composer (died 1952)
 * September 22 – Alma Thomas, African American abstract expressionist painter (died 1978)
 * October 7 – Charles R. Chickering, American illustrator (died 1970)
 * October 11 – George Ault, American painter (died 1948)
 * December 2 – Otto Dix, German painter and graphic artist (died 1969)
 * December 9 – Mark Gertler, British painter (died 1939)

Deaths

 * January 27 – Jervis McEntee, American painter of the Hudson River School (born 1828)
 * January 30 – Charles Joshua Chaplin, French painter and engraver (born 1825)
 * January 31 – Jean-Louis-Ernest Meissonier, French classicist painter (born 1815)
 * February 9 – Johan Jongkind, Dutch painter (born 1819)
 * March 19 – Ernest Hoschedé, French businessman and collector of Impressionist paintings (born 1837)
 * March 26 – Herman Frederik Carel ten Kate, Dutch watercolorist (born 1822)
 * March 29 – Georges Seurat, French Post-Impressionist painter (born 1859)
 * April 5 – Daniel Cottier, Scottish-born artist and designer (born 1837)
 * April 14 – Carlos Luis de Ribera y Fieve, Spanish painter, son of Juan Antonio Ribera (born 1815)
 * May 12 – Louisa Beresford, Marchioness of Waterford, British Pre-Raphaelite watercolourist (born 1818)
 * May 16 – John Banvard, American panorama painter (born 1815)
 * September 5 – Jules-Élie Delaunay, French academic painter (born 1828)
 * September 6 – Elise Arnberg, Swedish miniaturist and photographer (born 1826)
 * September 9 – William Theed, English sculptor (born 1804)
 * September 11 – Théodule Ribot, French realist painter (born 1823)
 * September 15 – John Steell, Scottish portrait sculptor (born 1804)
 * October 30 – Truman Seymour, American soldier and painter (born 1824)

title: 1891 in art


text:
User talk:Sooper.toker

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title: User talk:Sooper.toker


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Robert Earl (singer)

Robert Earl (born Monty Leigh, 17 November 1926) is an English retired singer of traditional pop music in the United Kingdom in the 1950s and 1960s, whose style was operatic, like fellow crooners David Whitfield, David Hughes and Edmund Hockridge. He is the father of the businessman Robert Earl.

Career
He began his singing career at local functions around London's East End, and soon progressed to singing with some of the top big bands of the day such as those of Sidney Lipton, Nat Temple and Van Straten. In 1953, he auditioned for Norman Newell of Philips Records and was offered a recording contract.

In 1957, he had a contract with George Baines and Will Hammer and starred in "Big Splash", an Aqua Show at The Derby Baths, Blackpool, for the summer season.

He enjoyed three chart hits during this period, while signed to Philips: "I May Never Pass This Way Again" (No. 14) and "More Than Ever" ("Come prima") (No. 26) in 1958 and "The Wonderful Secret of Love" (No. 17) in 1959.

His agent was Michael Sullivan, who also represented Shirley Bassey. After a 20-year career as a professional singer he retired in 1970, and then devoted much of his time to the Grand Order of Water Rats, a showbusiness charitable organization. He now lives in the United States. There are currently two CD of his recordings available, The Magic of Robert Earl (Spectrum) 2004 – 22 tracks; and If You Can Dream released in 2013 by Vocalion Records – with 30 tracks from the first 17 singles [1953 to 1958] - listed in the below.

It is a mark of the esteem in which he was held by his peers that, in July 1989, some nineteen years after he retired, Earl sang "You'll Never Walk Alone", at the funeral service of his fellow Londoner, Tommy Trinder.

Singles discography

 * "If You Love Me" / "Crying in the Chapel" – Philips PB185 – September 1953
 * "You Alone" / "Timber" – PB228 – January 1954
 * "The Book" / "Yiddisher Tears" – PB238 – February 1954
 * "My Son, My Son" / "Far Away" – PB331 – September 1954
 * "Face Of An Angel" / "Time After Time" – PB406 – February 1955
 * "My Loving Hands" / "I Wonder" – PB433 – April 1955
 * "Three Galleons" / "Till The Last Rose Has Faded" – PB481 – July 1955
 * "He" / "With Your Love" – PB517 – October 1955
 * "My September Love" / "Now And Forever" – PB552 – February 1956
 * "Believe In Me" / "If You Can Dream" – PB593 – June 1956
 * "More" / "Your Home Can Be A Castle" – PB622 – September 1956
 * "I'm Free" / "The Golden Key" – PB657 – January 1957
 * "All" / "You Alone" – PB684 – April 1957
 * "Fascination" / "Song Of The Valley" – PB730 – September 1957
 * "My Special Angel" / "There's Only You" – PB767 – November 1957
 * "I May Never Pass This Way Again" / "Someone" – PB805 – March 1958 (UK No. 14)
 * "More Than Ever (Come Prima)" / "No-one But You" – PB867 – September 1958 (UK No. 26)
 * "The Wonderful Secret Of Love" / "The Boulevard of Broken Dreams" – PB891 – January 1959 (UK No. 17)
 * "Anything" / "Every Day's A Wonderful Day" – PB927 – 1959
 * "The Key" / "The Test of Time" – PB960 – 1959
 * "Oh So Wunderbar" / "I'm Rich" – PB986 – 1960
 * "A Strange and Wonderful Feeling" / "A Place in The Sun" – PB1015 – 1960
 * "Wanderlust" / "One Of The Lucky Ones" – PB1077 – 1960
 * "Love Me" / "April Serenade" – PB1129 – 1961
 * "Lonely" / "Time Will Tell" – 326556BF – 1962
 * "Shalom" / "When You're In Love" – PB1209 – 1962
 * "Falling in Love with Love" / "Give Me My Chance" – BF1289 – 1963
 * "Walk Hand in Hand" / "Never" – BF1379 – 1964

title: Robert Earl (singer)


text:
User talk:Nackie

Welcome
Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Karmafist 13:46, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
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 * Hello Nackie I want to use some of pics and facts of your pages in my travel guide for religious travelers of Sikh Nation. For which I need a written permission. Can you guide more in this. I'll great full to you. 786SNK (talk) 14:07, 7 September 2022 (UTC)

Greetings
Holi greetings. --Bhadani 13:52, 14 March 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Nackie