text:
Martin Nduwimana

Martin Nduwimana (born 1958) was the First Vice-President of Burundi from 29 August 2005 to November 2007. He is an ethnic Tutsi member of the Union for National Progress (UPRONA) party.

He is originally from Mugamba commune in Bururi Province.

Nduwimana was nominated by President Pierre Nkurunziza on 29 August 2005. He was endorsed by both chambers of parliament (National Assembly - 108 votes 'for', one abstention and 47 votes 'for', 1 'against' in the Senate) and immediately sworn in.

According to the constitution, Burundi's First Vice-President is responsible for political and administrative affairs.

Nduwimana announced on 7 November 2007 that he had resigned as First Vice-President and that Nkurunziza had accepted his resignation. This followed UPRONA's disapproval of what it considered to be Nduwimana's failure to unhold the party's interests in the government. On 8 November, another member of UPRONA, Yves Sahinguvu, was elected as First Vice-President. Afterwards, Nduwimana was reported to be seeking work with the United Nations Integrated Office in Burundi.

title: Martin Nduwimana


text:
Barvas

Barvas (Scottish Gaelic: Barabhas or Barbhas, ) is a settlement, community and civil parish on the Isle of Lewis in Scotland. It developed around a road junction. The A857 and A858 meet at the southern end of Barvas. North is the road to Ness; west takes the traveller to Carloway and the West Side; south runs the road to Stornoway. According to the 2011 Census it still has the highest concentration of Scottish Gaelic speakers in Scotland (64% of the population) with 2,037.

Prehistory and Archaeology
Investigations since 1978 have found archaeological sites in the area that date from the Early Bronze Age to the Early Modern. Notable discoveries and projects:

 * In 1986–7, there was the excavation of a small Bronze Age cemetery, which was inserted into the remains of an earlier Bronze Age building.
 * In 1993, Richard Langhorne, curator of Museum nan Eilean in Stornoway, carried out an emergency excavation of a burial, dated to the late Iron Age.
 * In the early summer of 1996, GUARD Archaeology excavated a further burial at Rudh a’Bhiogair, again en emergency excavation.
 * Detailed surveys in both 1978 and 1999.
 * Community excavations between 2000 and 2001 as part of the Barabhas Machair project - found a group of Iron Age ritual structures, including a long cist burial.
 * 2001–13 Mark Elliott, conservator at Museum nan Eilean in Stornoway, with help from friends and family, carried out walkover surveys.

History
Rev Allan MacArthur was minister of the Free Church in Barvas 1857 to 1887.

In the early 2000s, one of Europe's largest windfarms was planned for Barvas Moor. The Scottish Government rejected the proposals in early 2008.

Teampall Mhuire
In Barvas is the ruins of Teampall Mhuire (St Mary's Church), currently buried next to the Cladh Mhuire. The exact location is currently unknown as it has been buried by sand. It was last visited by RCAHMS in the 1920s but by the 1960s the OS survey could not locate it. In the 1500s it was one of the four parish churches on Lewis and a letter from the Pope in 1403 mentioned the church so it is at least that old.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Barvas


text:
Bai Konte

Alhaji Bai Konte (1920–1983) was a jali (praise singer) from Brikama, Gambia. His grandfather, Jali Ndaba Konteh, was a Konting player who originally brought his family to Brikama from the Kankaba region of Mali. Bai Konte's father, Burama Konte, was also a celebrated kora player and composed several important pieces in the repertoire. Burama Konte, composed the anthem of the 19th century Senegambian hero Mansumaneh Yundum, Yundum N'ko. It was from that piece that the anthems of Sheriff Sidi Hydara and Nyansu Mbasse originated. Burama Konteh was a well-known kora player of his generation. Bai Konte was a regular on Radio Gambia and Radio Senegal's joint program called Chossani Senegambia (the history of Senegambia) in the 1970s. He and other griots such as Jali Nyama Suso and Alhaji Abdoulaye Samba (on xalam) used to play live music during the show. Bai Konteh had narrated many epics on that show including the epic of King Abdou Njie and his griot and advisor Ibra Faye. Prominent broadcasters of that show included Alhaji Alieu Ebrima Cham Joof, Alhaji Assan Njie and Alhaji Mansour Njie.

Raised as a hereditary griot, Bai Konte played the 21-string kora and is believed to have been the first kora player to perform and tour in the United States as a soloist, playing at the 1973 Newport Jazz Festival. (Les Ballets Africains, a dance and music group from Guinea, had first performed in the U.S. in 1959, and featured a kora player.) Bai Konte also followed his father's religious vocation as a Marabout, a Muslim spiritual and Koranic advisor. Bai was fluent and literate in Koranic Arabic, spending part of most days studying Koran, praying with visitors seeking his advice and guidance and copying portions of the Koran for amulets and other matters. He sent a son, Alieu, to live with and study Koran from his own Maribout, Sherrifo Hydra of the central mosque in Nouakchott, Mauritania.

His other sons Dembo Konte and Sherrifo Konteh (sic), Bachaba, Mumadu and Malamini Jobarteh, were raised as griots at Konte Kunda in Brikama, Gambia. The Senegambian artist and radio personality Tamsier Joof Aviance is a relative of Jaliba Kuyateh and great-nephew through his mother of Bai Konte. Two LP recordings have been released of Bai Konte with Dembo Konte and Malamini Jobarteh (Ma Lamin Jobarteh). Jali Sherrifo Konteh has released two CDs, 'Mansalou' and 'Chesano', and tours the UK most years.

Oliver Franklin and Marc Pevar coproduced an award winning 16mm color film, Alhaji Bai Konteh, narrated by Taj Mahal, documenting his role in Mandinka society. The film was purchased by more than 100 film international film libraries. Susan and Marc Pevar produced an annotated 35mm slide and audio show Making The Kora, with writings and a teachers guide, documenting Konte making Marc Pevar's kora. African Arts Magazine published Susan Pevar's recounting of the kora making process, and Sing Out! magazine published her article discussing the kora and its music, complete with a acetate recording of a Bai Konte performance. All of these educational materials, combined with multiple regional and national Television and radio feature programs introduced Bai Konte and the kora to the North American audience.

Bai Konte was the first Gambian griot to introduce the kora and Mandinka musical culture to the world audience. In 1973, Bai Konte introduced the kora to audiences in North America. He performed at some of the largest festivals in North America, appeared multiple times on National Public Radio and Television, was interviewed and reviewed by many newspapers. Appearances included the Newport Jazz Festival, the Philadelphia Folk Festival, the National Festival of American Folklife in Washington, DC, Mariposa Folk Festival in Toronto, CA, Fox Hollow Folk Festival, the Alternative Center for International Arts, the American Harp Association, Franklin and Marshal College, Lincoln University, venues in Boston, Philadelphia, appearances on NPR's Fresh Air hosted by Terry Gross; KYW-TV in Philadelphia; WBAI-FM in combination with Pete Seeger; Clearwater Folk Festival and fund raising events; The University of Pennsylvania; house concerts, newspaper interviews and reviews and more.

The touring was facilitated by scores of forward-thinking music lovers including: Gene Shay, Dr. Kenneth Goldstein, Paula Ballan, Robert Browning, Pete and Toshi Seeger, Ralph Rinzler, Alan Jabbour and Joe Hickerson, Kurt Wittig, Dr. Anthony King, Harold Gunn, Terry Gross, Mary Cliff, Malcolm Poindexter, Arthur Hall, Oliver Franklin, Dr. Peter Weil, Dr. Rodrick Knight, Dr. Marvin Wachman, Dr. Tom Hale and many others.

Rounder Records of Somerville, MA released Bai Konte's first LP record, which immediately received a rave review by the New York Times world-famous music critic, Robert Palmer. Major newspapers gave similar reviews for performances. As a result of his appeal to audiences, both live and national mass media, the kora became known for the first time, whereas before only a handful of ethnomusicologists were aware of the kora and its traditions.

About a year before Bai Konte toured North America in 1973, a close friend of Bai Konte, Jali Nyama Suso, was invited to the USA for a residency at Oberlin College Conservatory by Dr. Rodrick Knight, who created a kora ensemble and produced valuable books, recordings, articles and videos, and who elevated the visibility of the kora in international academic circles, as did Dr. Erik Charry.

Dr. Anthony King, Manding studies professor at London University's world-famous School of Oriental and African Studies, toured portions of West Africa, recording and interviewing many kora playing griots. By chance, his work came to the attention of the most important figure in starting the chain of events that introduced the kora to the World Stage, Harold Gunn. Gunn was an anthropology professor at Lincoln University, a graduate of London School of Economics, and father of Susan Pevar (wife of the author of these historic paragraphs, Marc Pevar), who earned her BA in anthropology, Bryn Mawr College.

In 1970, Harold Gunn, an anthropologist specializing in West Africa, traveled in Gambia, Senegal, Ivory Coast and Mali to collect handcrafted physical artifacts. In Gambia he unexpectedly crossed paths with Dr. Anthony King, who told Gunn of his unique and groundbreaking project to record and interview kora musicians. Shortly afterwards in Dakar, Senegal, Gunn encountered a kora musician, purchased his instrument and recorded some music. Marc and Susan met Harold Gunn at the airport where Marc Pevar first saw a kora. Marc liked the cassette recording's harp-like yet Piedmont blues style sound, but found the kora impossible to tune or play.

Bryn Mawr College awarded Susan Pevar a grant to study in West Africa. Harold Gunn corresponded with Dr. Anthony King who agreed to consult with the Pevars in London, to help sort out their pending Gambian visit. King recommended living with Konte's extended family where Susan could study child rearing and Marc could learn the kora. King's guidance was invaluable, based on his experienced report that Bai Konte knew more kora songs, arrangements and playing techniques than any other kora musician he met, and was a both honest and a gentleman of high character. During their year in Gambia, Bai Konte repeatedly urged Marc to find a way for him to perform in the USA.

While in Gambia, Marc sent Bai's music to Folkways and Rounder Records, which both offered to release the album. Back in the USA, in early 1973, Marc brought the music to the attention of Gene Shay, USA's leading folk DJ. Through a rapid sequence of referrals, phone calls and meetings, the spectacularly successful first performing tour of a kora soloist in North American was organized within two months with crucial support by Paula Ballan (curator for the Philadelphia Folk Festival), and Toshi Seeger (Pete's wife).

Bai Konte's success awoke record companies, promoters, agents and other kora musicians to the potential for a world market for kora music. All kora musicians who tour internationally owe their success to the Alhaji Bai Konte and his supporters, pioneers who together brought the kora onto the World Stage.

In 2019, Bai Konte's grandsons, Jali Bakary Konteh and Pa Bobo Jobarteh asked Marc Pevar to bring them to the USA as he had brought their grandfather and fathers Dembo Konte and Malamini Jobarteh. Their "Following The Footsteps" debut North American tour was postponed because of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Just as George Wein had helped open the gates by inviting Bai to perform at the Newport Jazz Festival in 1973, Quint Davis did the same and invited the grandsons to perform at the New Orleans Jazz and Heritage Festival in 2020 appearing as stars, headlining on the Blues Tent stage.

Discography
1982 - with Dembo Konte & Malamini Jobarteh, Kora Music and Songs from the Gambia, recorded/produced Ken Day & Lucy Duran, 1982, Virgin Records Note: It is requested that any other commercial releases of Alhaji Bai Konte's music be added to this discography.
 * 1973 - Konte, Alhaji Bai. Alhaji Bai Konte: Kora Melodies from The Republic of the Gambia, West Africa. Recorded and produced by Marc D. Pevar; photography and notes by Marc and Susan Pever. Rounder Records 5001. Rereleased by Rounder Records in 1989 as CD and cassette with bonus tracks: "Tara", "Jato", "Tuning The Kora" and "Simbumba".
 * c. 1978 - Gambia's Music/La musique de al Gambie/Gambias Musik. Ethnic Folkways Library. Recorded and produced by Marc D. Pevar; introductory notes by Susan Gunn Pevar. [New York City]: Folkways Records FE 4521.
 * 1979 - Konte, Alhaji Bai, with Dembo Konte and Ma Lamini Jobate. Gambian Griot Kora Duets. Recorded December 1977 in Dakar, Senegal, and Brikama, the Gambia, by Marc Pevar. New York City: Folkways. Re-released on CD by Smithsonian Folkways Records in 1997; rereleased in vinyl by Smithsonian Folkways Records in 2020
 * 1989 - Konte, Alhaji Bai. Kora Melodies From the Republic of the Gambia, West Africa. Recorded in 1973 by Marc D. Pevar. Originally released in 1973, and works 1-10 were issued also in 1985 as analog disc (5001). Somerville, Massachusetts: Rounder Records.
 * 2001 - Konteh, Sherrifo. Mansalou.  Compound Sounds CS01.
 * 2005 - Konteh, Sherrifo. Chesano.  Compound Sounds CS02.

title: Bai Konte


text:
Takahira Kogorō

Baron Takahira Kogorō (高平 小五郎) was a Japanese diplomat and ambassador to the United States from 1900 to 1909.

Biography
Takahira was born in what is now Ichinoseki city, Iwate prefecture. From relatively modest beginnings, Takahira was to become a graduate of Kaisei Gakkō (the predecessor to Tokyo Imperial University).

Career diplomat
In 1876, he joined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. His first posting to the United States in 1879 was as an attaché; and he was promoted to secretary in 1881. During a return to Asia, he served briefly as chargé d'affaires in Korea and as Consul General in Shanghai, China. In 1887, he returned to the United States as Consul General in New York City. Postings in Europe as Minister-Resident to Netherlands and Denmark, and as Minister Plenipotentiary at Rome, Vienna and Bern spanned the years before his 1901 return to Washington, D.C. He then continued as Japan's minister in the United States from 1901 through 1905.

Takahira participated in a number of important Japanese-US negotiations. Takahira was one of the principals of the Japanese delegation negotiating with the Russians to conclude the Treaty of Portsmouth, which ended the Russo-Japanese War.

In 1907, Takahira was named Ambassador to Rome. The Foreign Ministry called him back to Washington, D.C. in 1908-1909.

As principal negotiator for Japan, his name is commemorated in the 1908 Root-Takahira Agreement, which was intended to ease Japanese-US tension by defining each nation's role in the Pacific arena and China.

Takahira later elevated to danshaku (baron) under the kazoku peerage system, and was appointed to the House of Peers, and subsequently served on the Privy Council.

Honors

 * Order of the Sacred Treasure, Grand Cordon.

 * Hon. Knight Commander of the Order of St. Michael and St. George (KCMG) (20 February 1906)
 * Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun (1 April 1906)

title: Takahira Kogorō


text:
Portal talk:Hong Kong

HKWNB, HK, etc
Will this page do anything with HKWNB, Hong Kong article or sth like that? De ryc k C.  08:14, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

Topics
The London portal has a box at the bottom for London-related topics that integrates the London topics template, so I thought I'd do the same thing for this portal. And no, the dual presence of "categories" and "topics" is not redundant because links in the categories box lead you to categories indexes, whilst links in the topics box lead you to actual articles addressing these topics (easier to find general information that way). --Lapin rossignol 03:46, 4 February 2006 (UTC)

Portal:Asia
The Asia Portal has recently been created and seeks help from those who are interested. Thanks in advance, T B C  ??? ???  ??? 06:07, 9 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Should be able to help. De  ryc k C.  14:54, 9 March 2006 (UTC)

consistency across portals
We should try to establish a consistent look-and-feel for all the China-related portals, Portal:China, Portal:Taiwan, Portal:Hong Kong, Portal:People's Republic of China, and Portal:Republic of China. I have created a Portal:People's Republic of China (new) consistent with Portal:China. Let's discuss this at Portal talk:China. Ideogram 18:44, 26 June 2006 (UTC)

Hello?
Is this portal being actively maintained? If not, I'm going to start fixing it to be consistent with the other China-related portals. Ideogram 12:05, 28 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Please don't change the colour scheme until there is a clear consensus to do so.—Instantnood 17:02, 2 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I noticed you've already do so. Please restore what you've done before you've received any feedback.—Instantnood 17:03, 2 July 2006 (UTC)

I like the current format, but have to say that I liked the blue colour more than the red. Hong Qi Gong 17:36, 2 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Actually, isn't red/white a good theme for the HK portal? The new flag uses this color so it should be okay.—Nrtm81 02:09, 4 July 2006 (UTC)

Color scheme
Let's wait for other people to give their opinions on the color scheme.

Please indicate below if you would like the color of this portal to be the current red, or the previous blue, or another color (indicate which). Ideogram 18:18, 2 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Please restore what it was like until there's a clear consensus to adopt the changes you prefer. Thank you.—Instantnood 19:13, 8 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Previous Blue - Mostly because of personal preference for the colour. Hong Qi Gong 19:15, 8 July 2006 (UTC)

 * OK I've restored it. --Ideogram 20:08, 8 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Thanks so much.. but still seems slightly different... comparing with for instance.—Instantnood 23:26, 10 July 2006 (UTC)

 * It's exactly the same color. I referred to the original version for the color, "navy". --Ideogram 00:05, 11 July 2006 (UTC)

 * The background colours of the cells are not the same.—Instantnood 17:10, 15 July 2006 (UTC)

2008 Olympics
I would think the Olympics in HK would be something the portal should feature. 70.55.85.40 (talk) 12:17, 9 August 2008 (UTC)

New colours
Hi all, I've planned a new colour scheme for the HK portal and would like some feedback. Are the colours too garish? Does the bauhinia need to be smaller? Does it need more space to be viewed? Don't like the red? Want a blue version? Take a look at User:Joowwww/Sandbox2 and tell me what you think. Regards --Joowwww (talk) 18:01, 12 September 2008 (UTC)
 * Focus on the content update first. Biography hasn't been updated for a long time (and the archive is a red-link). OhanaUnitedTalk page 19:12, 12 September 2008 (UTC)

Image needs replacement
Hello all...

The image used in the Queen's College, Hong Kong article's infobox, specifically Image:100 0221.JPG, has a little bit of a licensing issue. The image was uploaded back in 2005 when the rules around image uploading was less restrictive. It is presumed that the uploaded was willing to license the picture under the GFDL license but was not clear in that regard. As such, the image, while not at risk of deletion, is likely not clearly licensed to allow for free use in any future use of this article. If anyone has an image that can replace this, or can go take one and upload it, it would be best.

You have your mission, take your camera and start clicking.--Jordan 1972 (talk) 00:05, 29 September 2008 (UTC)

Minor sentence improvements
"It is a place of contrasts - frenetically urban adjacent to pristine greenery; extremely rich next to dirt poor; Western culture and Chinese culture." I like this sentence a lot. Really says a lot about Hong Kong. However, I am thinking if the following would be better: "It is a place of contrasts - frenetically urban areas adjacent to pristine greenery; the extremely rich next to the dirt poor; modern, Western culture in a traditionally Chinese culture." I still feel my revised sentence can use some editing.--Ohnobananas (talk) 22:52, 15 August 2009 (UTC)

New featured image
I don't even know how long there's not been one, but the red link was most distracting so I scoured commons for a new image and put the best I found in place. New Year next month so an image to celebrate it would be nice, in the next ten days or so if anyone knows of one.-- JohnBlackburne wordsdeeds 23:12, 21 January 2010 (UTC)

 * I've preemptively created a featured image for Feb while I remember, rather than wait for a red link, but there's plenty of time to change it if someone finds a better one.-- JohnBlackburne wordsdeeds 00:02, 22 January 2010 (UTC)

Featured pictures
Hey guys, it seems we've gone without a featured picture for a couple of months. I've picked one for July, so please pick some for the following months! Portal:Hong Kong/Selected picture/2010 Hong Qi Gong (Talk - Contribs) 13:27, 14 July 2010 (UTC)

HKU segment
I just wanted to make a note because I deleted an entire 2-paragraph segment from the Hong Kong U. page -- which is a significant edit -- and I couldn't really explain it in that one line. The section called "Relationship between HKU and Hong Kong Government" was based on personal bias, opinion and speculation, with no textual backup. It made a serious insinuation -- that there is some favoritism or unfairness in the link between HKU and the government. That's a big accusation -- we can't say it if we don't back it up with sources.

The deleted section refered to HKU sarcastically as a "ruling party." It then says that its students are given priority for jobs.

It is factually true that many government officials are from HKU -- but that's probably because for many decades, HKU was the only main university in town, and many officials are very old. And if HKU grads get good jobs, it may be because it's a top university. If someone simply wants to point to the number of HKU grads in government, that's fine. But, for now, I think it's best to keep this section out. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Pumpkin888 (talk • contribs) 17:18, 16 September 2010 (UTC)
 * I can't see anything wrong with your change, but normally the best thing to do in such a case, whether or not you do the edit first, is first note it on the article talk page if there's more to the change than can be described in the edit summary. This makes it easier to find than on one of the (in this case three) talk pages of the related projects.-- JohnBlackburne wordsdeeds 17:44, 16 September 2010 (UTC)

Notice from the Portals WikiProject
WikiProject Portals is back!

The project was rebooted and completely overhauled on April 17th, 2018. Its goals are to revitalize the entire portal system, make building and maintaining portals easier, support the ongoing improvement of portals and the editors dedicated to this, and design the portals of the future.

As of May 2nd, 2018, membership is at 60 editors, and growing. You are welcome to join us.

There are design initiatives for revitalizing the portals system as a whole, and for improving each component of portals. So far, 2 new dynamic components have been developed: Template:Transclude lead excerpt and Template:Transclude random excerpt.

Tools are provided for building and maintaining portals, including automated portals that update themselves in various ways.

And, if you are bored and would like something to occupy your mind, we have a wonderful task list.

From your friendly neighborhood Portals WikiProject. Hope to see you there. Sincerely,    — The Transhumanist   07:32, 2 May 2018 (UTC)

title: Portal talk:Hong Kong


text:
Paul Sheahan

Andrew Paul Sheahan (born 30 September 1946) is a former Australian international cricketer who played 31 Test matches and three One Day Internationals as an opening and middle order batsman between 1967 and 1973.

He made his first-class debut in 1965 for the Victorian Sheffield Shield team against New South Wales scoring 62 and 5. An elegant stroke maker and fine cover fieldsman, his highest first-class score was 202 for Victoria against South Australia in 1966.

He made his Test debut the following year against the touring Indian side, scoring 81 and 35 in Adelaide batting at number three. His first Test century was a chanceless 114 against India in Kanpur in 1969 as a middle order batsmen. He toured England twice (1968 and 1972) and India and South Africa in 1969–70.

His form faltered after returning from the South African tour and he was dropped from the Australian team after the 2nd Test against the touring English side in 1970–71. However it was as an opening batsman that marked his return as an established Test cricketer, and he scored 127 against Pakistan in the Melbourne Test of 1972–73. Seemingly on the verge of becoming Australia's regular Test opening batsman, he retired from Test cricket at 26 to concentrate on his teaching career. He played one further season of interstate cricket, scoring 783 runs at 52.20 to help Victoria to victory in the Sheffield Shield in 1973–74.

He is a cousin of football journalist Mike Sheahan.

Education
Sheahan was educated at The Geelong College and the University of Melbourne, where he resided at Ormond College, and obtained a Bachelor of Science and Diploma of Education.

Career
Sheahan was Headmaster of Melbourne Grammar School from 1995 to 2009, having been principal of his old school Geelong College from 1986 to 1995, Second Master of St Peter's College, Adelaide from 1984 to 1985, and Housemaster of Manifold House, Geelong Grammar School from 1979 to 1983. Before working in Geelong, he taught at Winchester College in England.

He held the post of Vice President of the Melbourne Cricket Club from 2003 until he was elected president on 17 February 2011.

Honours
In the January 2014, Australia Day Honours List Sheahan was made a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) "For significant service to secondary education as a teacher, and through roles with sporting, charitable and community organisations."

He is a Fellow of the Australian Institute of Management.

In 1983, Sheahan suggested that the annual World Series Cup limited overs series may be fixed, stating that, "Mr Packer [the owner of the television station which broadcast the matches] has a fair hand in — or Mr Packer's organisation has a fair hand in —saying who actually plays off in the final.”

title: Paul Sheahan


text:
Nonlinear junction detector

The non-linear junction detector, or an NLJD, is a device that illuminates a small region of space with high-frequency RF energy. Any "non linear junction" in the vicinity—for example, and particularly, the p–n junction—will receive this energy, and because of the asymmetric response of the junction to an electric field, it will mangle it, re-emitting some of it on multiples of the illumination frequency (see harmonic). The detector has a sensitive receiver tuned to these harmonics, as well as appropriate processing and displays to make their presence known to the user of the device. Because the basis of almost all semiconductor electronics is the p-n junction, an NLJD is correspondingly capable of detecting almost any unshielded electronic device containing semiconductors, whether the electronics are actively powered or not.

In its basic form, an NLJD can also detect things that are not themselves electronic in nature, so the use of the device requires a modicum of skill and experience. For example, a rusty nail inside a wall can give a false positive. For this reason, most modern NLJDs examine the ratio between the second and the third harmonic of the illumination frequency. When a true (electronic) p-n junction is encountered, the second harmonic will generally be stronger than the third.

History
The NLJD was invented by Charles Bovill during WWII. It was initially used to discover corrosion below painted surfaces on airplanes. In 1972, shortly after Bovill had become technical director at Allen International Ltd. (Westminster, London, UK), the device was renamed 'Broom' and was introduced as a device for finding inactive covert listening devices (bugs). The Broom was later marketed by Audiotel in Corby (UK) as the Scanlock Broom, and was succeeded by the Scanlock Broom ECM and later the Scanlock Super Broom.

Similar devices are available from manufacturers in the US (e.g. Orion) and Russia.

Countermeasures
As a countermeasure against an NLJD, professional covert listening devices (bugs) of the Central Intelligence Agency were equipped from 1968 onwards with a so-called isolator. An isolator is a 3-port circulator of which the return port is terminated with a resistor. Any energy injected into the bug by an NLJD will be absorbed by the resistor, resulting in no (or very little) reflected energy. An example of such a bug is the CIA's SRT-107.

A means to hinder isolating a non linear junction is to add inexpensive diodes to places where the NLJD is expected to sweep. This masks the true listening device against a field of false alerts when the many diodes are detected. Such a technique was used in the 1980s construction of the U.S. embassy in Moscow. Thousands of diodes were mixed by the Soviets into the building's structural concrete, making detection and removal of the true listening devices by its American occupants nearly impossible.

title: Nonlinear junction detector


text:
West Lindfield, New South Wales

West Lindfield, New South Wales may refer to:

 * the western section of Lindfield, New South Wales
 * the suburb of Bradfield, New South Wales, absorbed by Lindfield in 1977.

title: West Lindfield, New South Wales


text:
Félix Bracquemond

Félix Henri Bracquemond (22 May 1833 – 29 October 1914) was a French painter, etcher, and printmaker. He played a key role in the revival of printmaking, encouraging artists such as Édouard Manet, Edgar Degas and Camille Pissarro to use this technique.

Unusually for a prominent artist of this period, he also designed pottery for a number of French factories, in an innovative style that marks the beginning of Japonisme in France.

He was the husband of the Impressionist painter Marie Bracquemond.

Early life
Félix Bracquemond was born in Paris. He was trained in early youth as a trade lithographer, until Joseph Guichard, a pupil of Ingres, took him to his studio. His portrait of his grandmother, painted by him at the age of nineteen, attracted Théophile Gautier's attention at the Salon.

Engraver
His work in painting is rather limited. It includes mostly portraits (including that of Dr. Horace Montegre, and of Paul Meurice). Painting interested him less than engraving. He drew most of his technical knowledge from the Encyclopédie by Diderot and d'Alembert and he worked as a self-taught artist for a long time. In 1856, Edmond de Goncourt became close friends with Bracquemond, and they both shared a love of Japanese art, the engraver having been the first to discover an album by Hokusai.

He applied himself to engraving and etching about 1853, and played a leading and brilliant part in the revival of the etcher's art in France. Altogether he produced over eight hundred plates, comprising portraits, landscapes, scenes of contemporary life, and bird-studies, besides numerous interpretations of other artist's paintings, especially those of Jean-Louis-Ernest Meissonier, Gustave Moreau and Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot.

He entered the literary milieu thanks to Auguste Poulet-Malassis, publisher of Charles Baudelaire with whom Bracquemond became friends. He also befriended Théodore de Banville, Jules Barbey d'Aurevilly, Gustave Geffroy, Félix Nadar and all the elites residing in Nouvelle Athènes. He also was a friend of Auguste Rodin.

In June 1862, he joined the Société des aquafortistes founded by the publisher Alfred Cadart with the help of the printer Auguste Delâtre. On his advice, Jean-Baptiste Corot, Jean-François Millet, Édouard Manet, Edgar Degas and Camille Pissarro began to practice engraving. He greatly helped Manet for his etchings of Olympia and L'Homme mort.

In 1888, Auguste Lepère created with Félix Bracquemond, Daniel Vierge and Tony Beltrand, the magazine L'Estampe originale, in order to interest artists and amateurs in the new processes and trends of engraving, particularly in color, and Henri Rivière worked from this date on "The Thirty Six Views of the Eiffel Tower", from 1888 to 1902. In 1891, Valloton renewed the art of engraving on wood, with Gauguin or Émile Bernard while Toulouse Lautrec revolutionized the art of the poster.

Friend of the Impressionists
In 1874 Bracquemond participated in the first exhibition of impressionist painters in the workshops of Nadar, Boulevard des Capucines, of artists that would be called the Impressionists. The inauguration took place on 15 April 1874 and enjoyed a scandalous success. He presented a portrait, a frame of etchings including the portraits of Auguste Comte, Charles Baudelaire and Théophile Gautier, but also etchings after Turner, Ingres, Manet, and original etchings: Les Saules (The Willows), Le Mur (The Wall). He exhibited again with his friends in 1879.

Ceramicist
In 1856, Bracquemond discovered a collection of Manga engravings by the Japanese Hokusai, typical of the pictorial genre known in Japan as Kachô-ga, depicting flowers and birds with insects, crustaceans and fishes, in the workshop of his printer Auguste Delâtre, after having been used to fix a consignment of porcelain. He was seduced by this theme that made him the initiator of the vogue of Japonisme in France which seized the decorative arts during the second half of the 19th century.

In 1860, he returned first to the workshop of the ceramist Théodore Deck, then to the earthenware merchant Eugène Rousseau (artist) in Paris. The latter commissioned him the motifs for a table service, for a project destined for the Universal Exhibition of 1867. Bracquemond then proposed a model which appropriated the themes of the Kachô-ga, drawn and engraved by himself. For the first time a European artist directly copied a Japanese artist, reproducing the animal figures of the Hokusai Manga. In 1867, Bracquemond was also one of the nine members of the "Société du Jing-lar" with Henri Fantin-Latour, Carolus Duran and the ceramist Marc-Louis Solon, who met monthly in Sèvres for a Japanese dinner, to which this service would have been destined.

Eugène Rousseau was convinced and ordered two hundred pieces to be manufactured in Creil-Montereau faience. Bracquemond made the etchings and the engraved planks used by the manufacture. The proofs were cut and put on the clay to receive the decoration. In the oven, the heat made the paper disappear, leaving only the imprint of the drawing. Then it was painted over and the piece was placed in the large oven.

Presented for the first time at the Universal Exhibition of 1867, this service was a great success. It was in the third group "furniture and other objects for the home", Class 17 "porcelain, earthenware, and luxury pottery" no. 58, installed on Louis XIII shelves in old oak with velvet stands. Above the counter, the name Rousseau is enameled with fire on a plaque. The jury awarded him a bronze medal (because Rousseau was merchant and not manufacturer). The gold medal was awarded to the manufacturers Lebeuf and Milliet. The service also boasted two novelties: the first was that everyone was free to compose his service according to his tastes and personal use. Rousseau suggested "the barnyard for meat, Crustaceans for fish and flowers for dessert." The second was that the service was adapted to wider circles: "for its sumptuousness to the bourgeoisie, and for its aspect serving as a hunt for the nobility."

The service was then completed (tea cups, coffee, etc.) and the manufacture left to the Creil and Montereau factory. Barluet, Lebeuf's successor, re-edited it in the early 1880s. In 1885, Eugène Rousseau sold his business to Ernest-Baptiste Leveillé, who continued to publish the service under his own brand. Many reissues or variants followed. Among them, that of the Manufacture Jules Vieillard in Bordeaux (late 19th century), that of the Crystal Stairs (early 20th century), or even of the faience of Gien The large birds still in reissue. It can also be noted that many pieces of this service are now preserved in various French national museums (Musée d'Orsay, Musée national Adrien Dubouché, etc.).

Each element of the service, inspired by Japanese prints, was decorated with a different motif. The decoration treats and associates a multitude of birds, fishes, and crustaceans, always leaving room for plants and insects. The decor is often presented as a trilogy. The butterfly meets a cock at the turn of a branch, a dragonfly meets a carp at the bend of a water lily.

Many artists of the time celebrated the poetry of this service and praised its exceptional decor. Mallarmé notably, noted a "visible decadence" since the Restoration in the French furniture, testifies to his appeal for this service. He lingered on ceramics for a special praise of Rousseau, whom he defended against his English imitators: "I had refused all allusions necessarily too briefly to this admirable and unique service, decorated by Bracquemond with Japanese motifs borrowed from the poultry yard and the fish ponds, the most beautiful crockery I have ever known. Each piece, the plates even, wants its special description. I am satisfied, one last time, to claim the priority of Parisian work, picturesque and spiritual on British plagiarism..." . Mallarmé quoted Deck, Collinot and Rousseau, who had "totally renewed French ceramics": "I should particularly mention, as a translation of the high Japanese charm made by a very French spirit, the table service asked, boldly, for the master Aquafortiste Bracquemond: where struts, enhanced with joyous colors, the ordinary hosts of the poultry yard and fish ponds." Mallarmé himself possessed pieces of the service, published during the period 1866–1875.

Félix Bracquemond also worked for the Manufacture nationale de Sèvres in 1870, giving his works a new orientation that preludes the modern style. He also accepted the position of artistic director of the Parisian studio of the firm Charles Haviland of Limoges.

Other work and later life
A close friend of Édouard Manet, James McNeill Whistler, and Henri Fantin-Latour, he is represented in the latter's paintings, Hommage à Delacroix, 1864, preserved in Paris at the Musée d'Orsay and Toast with the Truth of 1865, destroyed by the artist.

He married Marie Quivoron, a painter known as Marie Bracquemond, on 5 August 1869, in Paris. Their son, Pierre, claimed that Felix was jealous and critical of Marie's work. His beratement caused Marie to cease painting.

He is also the author of a book entitled Du dessin et la couleur, published in 1886, very much appreciated by Vincent van Gogh, and a study on woodcutting and lithography. His best engravings are devoted either to landscapes or to animals: Reeds and teals (1882), Les Hirondelles (1882), Les Mouettes (1888).

He was honored as an Officer of the Legion of Honor in 1889.

Gabriel P. Weisberg called him the "molder of artistic taste in his time". Indeed, it was he who recognised the beauty of the Hokusai woodcuts used as packing around a shipment of Japanese china, a discovery which helped change the look of late 19th-century art. He died in Sèvres.

title: Félix Bracquemond


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Merlin (literary magazine)

Merlin was an avant-garde English-language literary magazine published in Paris. Seven issues were released between 1952 and 1954. It published the work of Samuel Beckett, Henry Miller, Christopher Logue, Pablo Neruda, and Jean-Paul Sartre, among others. Merlin's politically loaded literature and discomforting stories contributed to the publication's reputation as one of the most serious and experimental post-war English-language magazines.

Merlin was edited by Scottish expatriate Alexander Trocchi and published by Jane Lougee with the collaboration of Richard Seaver (later to become editor of Evergreen Review), Christopher Logue, George Plimpton (co-founder of The Paris Review), and Patrick Bowles. The magazine brought Beckett's recent work to the attention of English-language readers. In 1953, Maurice Girodias of Olympia Press collaborated on a new series called the "Collection Merlin."

Trocchi claimed that the journal came to an end when the United States Department of State canceled its many subscriptions in protest over an article by Jean-Paul Sartre.

title: Merlin (literary magazine)


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Werrington Downs, New South Wales

Werrington Downs is a suburb of Western Sydney. It is 52 km west of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of the City of Penrith and is part of the Greater Western Sydney region.

Aboriginal culture
Prior to European settlement, what is now Werrington Downs was home to the Mulgoa people who spoke the Darug language. They lived a hunter-gatherer lifestyle governed by traditional laws, which had their origins in the Dreamtime. Their homes were bark huts called 'gunyahs'. They hunted kangaroos and emus for meat, and gathered yams, berries and other native plants. Shortly after the arrival of the First Fleet in Australia in 1788, an outbreak of smallpox decimated the local indigenous communities and made it easier for settlers to dispossess them of their land.

European settlement
The first land grant in the area was made in 1831 to Phillip Parker King, son of the Governor Phillip Gidley King. It became part of the Werrington estate belonging to his sister Mary Lethbridge and was run as a farm until the 1880s when subdivision began. Widespread residential development didn't begin until the 1970s when Landcom began building in the area. The suburb's name was gazetted in 1976.

Demographics
As per the 2011 Census, the most common ancestries in Werrington Downs were Australian 34.7%, English 29.2%, Irish 7.7%, Scottish 5.5% and German 2.4%. 81.6% of people were born in Australia with a median weekly household income of $1,725. The most common countries of birth were England 4.1%, New Zealand 1.7%, Scotland 0.9% and India 0.7%. The most common occupations in Werrington Downs included Clerical and Administrative Workers 18.9%, Technicians and Trades Workers 16.6%, Professionals 12.7%, Sales Workers 10.6%, and Community and Personal Service Workers 10.5%.

Transport
Werrington Downs is serviced by one bus route, provided by Busways. Route 782 provides a link between Penrith and Werrington Railway Stations, with the bus starting at St Marys Interchange travelling along Trinity Drive and Pasturegate Avenue in Werrington Downs before heading into Werrington County and eventually onto Penrith.

Facilities
The suburb has a neighbourhood centre and a preschool. The suburb is also known for its wide reserve areas which gives a lot of room for recreational activities. Werrington Downs is served by the shopping precinct at Werrington County along Dunheved Road.

Governance
At a local government level, Werrington Downs is part of the north ward of Penrith City Council, represented by Ross Fowler (Mayor of Penrith). At the state level, it is part of the Electoral district of Londonderry, represented by Labor Party member Prue Car. Federally, it is part of the Division of Lindsay, represented by Liberal Party Melissa McIntosh.

title: Werrington Downs, New South Wales


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West Hoxton, New South Wales

West Hoxton is a suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. West Hoxton is located 40 kilometres west of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of the City of Liverpool and is part of the Greater Western Sydney region.

History
West Hoxton is an extension of Hoxton Park. Hoxton Park was named in 1887 when Phillips and Co, a syndicate, subdivided the land under that name. Thomas Setrop Amos, a London solicitor, who arrived in Sydney in 1816, was granted 800 acre in this area in June 1818.

West Hoxton was primarily developed during the late 1990s as a residential area.

Schools

 * Hoxton Park Public School
 * Greenway Park Public School
 * Thomas Hassall Anglican College
 * Clancy Catholic College

Population
In the 2016 census, West Hoxton had a population of 10,012, of which 50.4% were male and 49.6% were female. The median age was 32. The most common ancestries were Italian 11.1%, Australian 10.9%, English 9.0%, Indian 5.6% and Chinese 3.7%. 58.0% of people were born in Australia. The most common other countries of birth were Iraq 4.9%, Fiji 4.6%, Philippines 2.6%, New Zealand 1.6% and Italy 1.6%. 47.2% of people only spoke English at home. Other languages spoken at home included Arabic 7.9%, Hindi 5.1%, Spanish 3.6%, Italian 3.4% and Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 3.0%.

The population of West Hoxton increased more than sixfold from 1996 to 2001, to number 4,997, as a result of residential development. Between 2001 and 2016, it doubled again.

Since the turn of the 21st century, West Hoxton has boasted a substantial share of its population born overseas, from a wide range of countries, which indicates that this area had a relatively multicultural population. Amongst those who were born overseas, it featured a notably higher percentage of the population born in non-English-speaking countries compared to those born in mainly English-speaking countries. The overseas-born population in West Hoxton includes those from Europe, as well as from more recent arrivals from Asia and the Pacific. West Hoxton has a higher share of the population born in the Philippines, Fiji and Italy compared to the rest of the City of Liverpool.

Notable residents

 * Wendy Paramor (1938–1975), painter and sculptor

Transport
West Hoxton lies to the west of Cowpastures Road which provides connection to other roads leading to Liverpool and Camden. Transit Systems operate four bus services routes 851, 852, 853 and 854, running along Cowpastures Road, connecting West Hoxton to Liverpool.

title: West Hoxton, New South Wales


text: User talk:81.30.210.181

title: User talk:81.30.210.181


text:
West Killara, New South Wales

West Killara is a locality in the suburb of Killara, a suburb located on the Upper North Shore Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is located 14 kilometres north-west of the Sydney Central Business District in the local government area of Ku-ring-gai Council.

West Killara is bounded on the north and east by Lady Game Drive, to the south-east by Fiddens Wharf Road  and to the south and west by the Lane Cove River and Lane Cove National Park.

West Killara has no shops but is close to a small shopping area in Moore Avenue, Lindfield. A bus service runs to Lindfield railway station.

Beaumont Road Public School, a government primary school located in Beaumont Road.

title: West Killara, New South Wales


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Garth Snow

Garth E. Snow (born July 28, 1969) is an American former professional ice hockey goaltender and former general manager, president and alternate governor of the New York Islanders of the National Hockey League (NHL).

Drafted by the Quebec Nordiques in the sixth round of the 1987 NHL Entry Draft, Snow began his NHL career in the 1993–94 season, playing for the Nordiques, Vancouver Canucks, Pittsburgh Penguins, and New York Islanders, with which he retired with after the 2005–06 season. He was inducted into the Rhode Island Hockey Hall of Fame in 2019.

Playing career
Snow was drafted by the Quebec Nordiques out of Mount Saint Charles Academy in the sixth round of the 1987 NHL Entry Draft. He went straight to the University of Maine for four years and for three straight years led the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) in wins. After helping lead the school to a 42–1–2 record and the NCAA Championship in 1993, he was named to the All-Tournament team. After spending the majority of 1993–94 playing for the United States national team, which included playing in the 1994 Winter Olympics, he turned to his professional career, seeing his first NHL action in five games for the Nordiques.

Snow recorded 32 wins in 62 games for the Cornwall Aces of the American Hockey League (AHL) during 1994–95. After the Quebec franchise relocated to Colorado, Snow was traded to the Philadelphia Flyers in exchange for two draft picks during the off-season. Snow backed up veteran Ron Hextall for over two seasons, alternating with Hextall during the Flyers' run to the Stanley Cup Finals in 1997, most notably playing in Game 2 of the Finals. Near the trade deadline in 1997–98, he was traded to the Vancouver Canucks for Sean Burke.

As a Canuck in 1998–99, he registered career highs in games played (65), wins (20) and shutouts (6). His workload was cut in half the following season and he signed with the Pittsburgh Penguins prior to 2000–01. His stay in Pittsburgh lasted one season as he signed with the New York Islanders in the off-season, playing for them for the rest of his career, primarily as a backup to veteran Chris Osgood and then youngster Rick DiPietro.

Throughout his career, Snow was the target of the league office on several occasions over his goaltending equipment, in particular his shoulder pads, which opposing teams accused of violating NHL rules on size. According to former teammate Michael Peca, Snow was one of the best trash-talkers around: "He's got such a wit and sense of humor like no other. Snow says things that will cut you without being rude or obnoxious." Snow was regarded as a respected leader both on and off the ice.

Executive career
On July 18, 2006, Snow officially confirmed his retirement and was named general manager of the New York Islanders following Neil Smith's dismissal after 41 days on the job. There was much criticism directed the Islanders' way for firing a Stanley Cup-winning general manager after such a short tenure in favor of Snow, who at the time of his hiring held no experience in management. Defenders of the organization pointed to Snow's master's degree in Administration and bachelor's degree in Business Administration from the University of Maine.

In Snow's first season as general manager, he earned praise for making moves to open up space under the salary cap and using the space to trade for Marc-André Bergeron, Richard Zedník and Ryan Smyth. Snow was named NHL Executive of the Year for 2006–07 by Sports Illustrated. Early in his tenure Snow signed goaltender Rick DiPietro to a 15 year, $67.5M contract which is widely considered to be one of the worst NHL signings ever as DiPietro only played 175 games after this contract was signed. On November 15, 2010, Snow fired head coach Scott Gordon and promoted Jack Capuano to interim head coach after the Islanders suffered a poor record of 4–10–3 in their first 17 games of the 2010–11 season. Capuano went on to guide the Islanders to their first playoff series win since 1993 during the 2016 playoffs. On January 17, 2017, Snow fired Capuano and promoted Doug Weight to interim head coach in response to the Islanders' record of 17–17–8 through 42 games of the 2016–17 season, which was ranked last in the Eastern Conference at that time. Through the 2017–18 season, his tenure with the Islanders saw the team accrue 11 playoff wins.

On June 5, 2018, Snow's position as Islanders' general manager was terminated, although he remained with the organization through 2019.

title: Garth Snow


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Mandy Haberman

Mandy Nicola Haberman is an English inventor and entrepreneur. She is founding member and Freeman of the Guild of Entrepreneurs, Director of the Intellectual Property Awareness Network and a visiting Fellow at Bournemouth University, from where she has an honorary doctorate. She is best known for her successfully upheld patent enforcement battles and inventing the Haberman Feeder, the Anywayup Cup and the Suckle Feeder.

Inventions
After her daughter was born in 1980 with Stickler syndrome, a congenital abnormality characterized by distinctive facial abnormalities, ocular problems, hearing loss, and joint and skeletal problems first studied by Gunnar B. Stickler in 1965, Haberman invented the Haberman Feeder bottle for infants with feeding difficulties, described as “a significant advance in the feeding of infants with cleft palates and should be a preferred feeder rather than conventional means." Her second invention was the Anywayup cup, an intuitive and simple to use non-spill trainer cup, which has received numerous awards for both innovation and design.   In 2018, Haberman launched the Suckle Feeder anti-obesity, paced feeding technology to address all common causes of colic and to facilitate feeding by natural breastfeeding action.

Intellectual Property Rights
Following her successful defence of patent infringements, Haberman has become a campaigner for improvements in the patent system, is an advocate of intellectual property rights, and is committed to raising awareness, educating and campaigning to help make it more accessible for SMEs and individuals. She was as a non-executive board member of the Intellectual Property Office between 2015 and 2020.

Awards
Haberman was the British Female Inventor and Innovative Network (BFIIN) Female Inventor of the Year 2000. She won the Design Effectiveness Awards 2000.

title: Mandy Haberman


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The Doubt

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. Though there are few votes, there is no dissent at all. Further, it is actually a copyvio from http://punkmodpop.free.fr/doubt_pic.htm (so isn't a hoax). Copyvios get 7 days, but there is absolutely no interest in rewriting this, so I'm going to delete it per the AfD debate. -Splash 00:37, 10 September 2005 (UTC)

The Doubt and The Boxing Day Blarge
Fails the Music and Notability Guidelines. I can find nothing on this band on google. Sounds like fancruft to me. If this is deleted, then The Boxing Day Blarge needs to be as well since it was an concert by them. Woohookitty 08:18, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete - There is not even a claim of notability. The article admits they played "not very many" gigs and "sold a couple of hundred copies locally".  --rob 09:58, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Kahn process networks

A Kahn process network (KPN, or process network) is a distributed model of computation in which a group of deterministic sequential processes communicate through unbounded first in, first out channels. The model requires that reading from a channel is blocking while writing is non-blocking. Due to these key restrictions, the resulting process network exhibits deterministic behavior that does not depend on the timing of computation nor on communication delays.

Kahn process networks were originally developed for modeling parallel programs, but have proven convenient for modeling embedded systems, high-performance computing systems, signal processing systems, stream processing systems, dataflow programming languages, and other computational tasks. KPNs were introduced by Gilles Kahn in 1974.

Execution model
KPN is a common model for describing signal processing systems where infinite streams of data are incrementally transformed by processes executing in sequence or parallel. Despite parallel processes, multitasking or parallelism are not required for executing this model.

In a KPN, processes communicate via unbounded FIFO channels. Processes read and write atomic data elements, alternatively called tokens, from and to channels. Writing to a channel is non-blocking, i.e. it always succeeds and does not stall the process, while reading from a channel is blocking, i.e. a process that reads from an empty channel will stall and can only continue when the channel contains sufficient data items (tokens). Processes are not allowed to test an input channel for existence of tokens without consuming them. A FIFO cannot be consumed by multiple processes, nor can multiple processes write to a single FIFO. Given a specific input (token) history for a process, the process must be deterministic so that it always produces the same outputs (tokens). Timing or execution order of processes must not affect the result and therefore testing input channels for tokens is forbidden.

Notes on processes

 * A process need not read any input or have any input channels as it may act as a pure data source
 * A process need not write any output or have any output channels
 * Testing input channels for emptiness (or non-blocking reads) could be allowed for optimization purposes, but it should not affect outputs. It can be beneficial and/or possible to do something in advance rather than wait for a channel. For example, assume there were two reads from different channels. If the first read would stall (wait for a token) but the second read could succeed directly, it could be beneficial to read the second one first to save time, because the reading itself often consumes some time (e.g. time for memory allocation or copying).

Process firing semantics as Petri nets
Assuming process P in the KPN above is constructed so that it first reads data from channel A, then channel B, computes something and then writes data to channel C, the execution model of the process can be modeled with the Petri net shown on the right. The single token in the PE resource place forbids the process from executing simultaneously for different input data. When data arrives at channel A or B, tokens are placed into places FIFO A and FIFO B respectively. The transitions of the Petri net are associated with the respective I/O operations and computation. When the data has been written to channel C, PE resource is filled with its initial marking again allowing new data to be read.

Process as a finite state machine
A process can be modeled as a finite state machine that is in one of two states:

Assuming the finite state machine reads program elements associated with the process, it may read three kinds of tokens, which are "Compute", "Read" and "Write token". Additionally, in the Wait state it can only come back to Active state by reading a special "Get token" which means the communication channel associated with the wait contains readable data.
 * Active; the process computes or writes data
 * Wait; the process is blocked (waiting) for data

Boundedness of channels
A channel is strictly bounded by $$b$$ if it has at most $$b$$ unconsumed tokens for any possible execution. A KPN is strictly bounded by $$b$$ if all channels are strictly bounded by $$b$$.

The number of unconsumed tokens depends on the execution order (scheduling) of processes. A spontaneous data source could produce arbitrarily many tokens into a channel if the scheduler would not execute processes consuming those tokens.

A real application can not have unbounded FIFOs and therefore scheduling and maximum capacity of FIFOs must be designed into a practical implementation. The maximum capacity of FIFOs can be handled in several ways:
 * FIFO bounds can be mathematically derived in design to avoid FIFO overflows. This is however not possible for all KPNs. It is an undecidable problem to test whether a KPN is strictly bounded by $$b$$. Moreover, in practical situations, the bound may be data dependent.
 * FIFO bounds can be grown on demand.
 * Blocking writes can be used so that a process blocks if a FIFO is full. This approach may unfortunately lead to an artificial deadlock unless the designer properly derives safe bounds for FIFOs (Parks, 1995). Local artificial detection at run-time may be necessary to guarantee the production of the correct output.

Closed and open systems
A closed KPN has no external input or output channels. Processes that have no input channels act as data sources and processes that have no output channels act as data sinks. In an open KPN each process has at least one input and output channel.

Determinism
Processes of a KPN are deterministic. For the same input history they must always produce exactly the same output. Processes can be modeled as sequential programs that do reads and writes to ports in any order or quantity as long as determinism property is preserved. As a consequence, KPN model is deterministic so that following factors entirely determine outputs of the system:

 * processes
 * the network
 * initial tokens

Hence, timing of the processes does not affect outputs of the system.

Monotonicity
KPN processes are monotonic. Reading more tokens can only lead to writing more tokens. Tokens read in the future can only affect tokens written in the future. In a KPN there is a total order of events inside a signal. However, there is no order relation between events in different signals. Thus, KPNs are only partly ordered, which classifies them as an untimed model.

Applications
Due to its high expressiveness and succinctness, KPNs as underlying the model of computation are applied in several academic modeling tools to represent streaming applications, which have certain properties (e.g., dataflow-oriented, stream-based).

The open source Daedalus framework maintained by Leiden Embedded Research Center at Leiden University accepts sequential programs written in C and generates a corresponding KPN. This KPN could, for example, be used to map the KPN onto an FPGA-based platform systematically.

The Ambric Am2045 massively parallel processor array is a KPN implemented in actual silicon. Its 336 32-bit processors are connected by a programmable interconnect of dedicated FIFOs. Thus its channels are strictly bounded with blocking writes.

The AI Engine's in some AMD Xilinx Versals are building blocks of a Kahn Process Network.

title: Kahn process networks


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Garenin

Garenin (Na Gearrannan) is a crofting township on the west coast of the Isle of Lewis in the Outer Hebrides of Scotland. Garenin is in the Carloway municipality and has a population of about 80 people. It is also within the parish of Uig. Today, the village is most famous for the "blackhouse village", which consists of nine restored traditional thatched cottages. The village is found at the end of the Garenin road beside the village bay. These houses were lived in until 1974 and were the last group of blackhouses to be inhabited in the Western Isles. Piped water was not available in the village until the 1960s.

In 1989, Urras nan Geàrrannan (The Garenin Trust) was established by the Western Isles Council to restore the houses. Over a decade later, on 5 June 2001, the project was complete and the restored village was opened by Princess Anne.

The village is managed by Gearrannan Village Ltd. There was a youth hostel (opened by Magnus Magnusson on 3 July 1991; managed by The Gatliff Trust), but this closed in May 2011. There are four self-catering cottages, a museum (a blackhouse set in 1955, three years after electricity arrived on the island) and a resource centre; a café and a small gift shop are open in summer.

title: Garenin


text:
Werrington, New South Wales

Werrington is a suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is 49.3 km west of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of the City of Penrith and is part of the Greater Western Sydney region.

Aboriginal culture
Prior to European settlement, what is now Werrington was home to the Gomerrigal-Tongarra people who spoke the Darug language. They lived a hunter-gatherer lifestyle governed by traditional laws, which had their origins in the Dreamtime. Their homes were bark huts called 'gunyahs'. They hunted kangaroos and emus for meat, and gathered yams, berries and other native plants.

European settlement
The first land grant in the area was made in 1806 to Mary King, youngest daughter of the Governor Philip Gidley King. Mary did not take possession of the property until 1827, after her marriage to Robert Copeland Lethbridge. They built a house, which they named Werrington, and farmed the surrounding estate until 1865, when Robert Lethbridge died. The Lethbridge family name still survives in Lethbridge Street and Lethbridge Avenue.

Werrington, which still stands in Rugby Street, was leased to New South Wales premier Henry Parkes between 1860 and 1872. It is heritage-listed. Henry Parkes arranged for the construction of a private railway platform nearby. In 1878, it was opened to the public as Parkes Platform but was renamed Werrington in 1893. The railway station provided the nucleus around which the town grew. The Werrington estate was sold and subdivided from the 1880s. Werrington Post Office opened on 1 October 1891.

Heritage listings
Werrington has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:
 * Water Street: Rose Cottage and Early Slab Hut

Demographics

In the 2021 Census, there were 5,328 people in Werrington
 * The most common ancestries in Werrington were Australian 27.3%, English 24.0%, Indian 6.4%, Irish 6.1% and Filipino 5.6%
 * Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people made up 5.1% of the population.
 * 59.8% of people were born in Australia The next most common countries of birth were India 5.7%, Philippines 4.3%, New Zealand 3.1%, Nepal 3.1% and England 1.4%.
 * 61.9% of people spoke only English at home. Other languages spoken at home included Nepali at 4.0%.
 * The most common responses for religion were No Religion 29.7%, Catholic 21.0%, Hinduism 9.5%, and Anglican 9.2%.
 * The weekly median household income was $1605.
 * In 2016, the most common occupations included Clerical and Administrative Workers 16.8%, Machinery Operators and Drivers 14.8%, Professionals 14.2%, Technicians and Trades Workers 13.4%, and Labourers 11.0%.

Commercial area
Werrington's commercial area centres on shops near the railway station namely Foursquare Werrington which includes a Pharmacy, Liquor Store, Massage Parlor, and Self Serve Laundromat. Colonial Hotel located in Victoria street has a Bistro, Sports Bar and a VIP Lounge (late night poker machine room). Werrington Park Corporate Centre, a new Business Park is based adjacent to the Western Sydney University, Werrington South campus which is located in Claremont Meadows (despite the misleading campus name of Werrington South). Werrington Post Office is located at 108 Victoria Street.

Schools
Werrington has a public school based in Armstein Crescent, Werrington. The nearest High School is Cambridge Park High School in the nearby suburb of Cambridge Park. Wollemi College an independent boys' school is situated at Gipps Street. Kurrambee school catering to students with special needs is located on Werrington Road.

Tertiary education
The Western Sydney University Penrith has two campuses each in Werrington South and Werrington North. The university campus is easily accessible from Werrington railway station.

Sporting facilities
Werrington is home to the below Sports amenities
 * Colonial Golf Course (home of soccer golf)
 * Parkes Avenue Tennis Club
 * Parkes Avenue Sports Complex
 * Rance Oval
 * Penrith Sports Stadium

Hospital
The nearest Hospital is Nepean Hospital in Penrith which provides multi-speciality Medical services. Werrington also has a Medical centre located at Victoria Street.

Transport
Werrington railway station is on the Main Western railway line. The station underwent a major upgrade in 2007, providing better access for the disabled with a new lift and establishing a paved carpark on the southern side of the station. Busways operates routes 782 and 785 to Penrith from Werrington Station. Werrington is served by the Great Western Highway and the M4 Motorway (Kent Road exit). Werrington Arterial Road – Stage 1 was completed in May 2017 which connects the Great Western Highway and the M4 Motorway providing direct access to the M4 Motorway with entry and exit ramps at Claremont Meadows near Werrington.

Governance
At a local government level, Werrington is part of the north ward of Penrith City Council, represented by Richard Fowler (Mayor of Penrith).At the state level, it is part of the Electoral district of Londonderry, represented by Labor Party member Prue Car.Federally, it is part of the Division of Lindsay, represented by Liberal Party member Melissa McIntosh.

title: Werrington, New South Wales


text:
Waverton, New South Wales

Waverton is a harbour-side suburb on the lower North Shore of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Waverton is 4 kilometres north of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of North Sydney Council.

History
Waverton was named in 1929 after the Waverton Estate of an early resident, Richard Old. The land once belonged to William Carr, who named it after an English village connected to his family.

The North Shore railway line was extended south from St Leonards to Milsons Point in 1893. The station in this area for nearly forty years was known as Bay Road, after the thoroughfare that crosses the railway line. The local progress association recommended a change and Waverton was chosen in 1929.

Indigenous Australians occupied the area until 1916. They left behind numerous signs of their presence. Sites include a large rock carving of a whale adjacent to the heritage-listed Coal Loader, waterholes and grinding grooves at Balls Head Reserve, plus engravings and grinding grooves in Waverton Park.

Waverton is also home to the museum ship MV Cape Don which is berthed at the old coal loader in Balls Head Bay.

Heritage listings
Waverton has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:
 * North Shore railway: Waverton railway station
 * The Coal Loader, located on the west side of the peninsula, was established from 1913 to 1917. One of the oldest coal loaders in Sydney Harbour, it was originally a steam ship bunkering station, delivering coal from the Hunter Valley to ships in the harbour. It has been restored and is a popular spot on weekends. It is heritage-listed.

Transport
Waverton railway station is on the North Shore railway line of the Sydney Trains network. The naval base HMAS Waterhen is located on Balls Head Road.

Busways operates one bus route through the suburb of Waverton:

 * 265: Lane Cove to North Sydney via Greenwich and Wollstonecraft

Commercial area
Waverton has a village-like collection of shops around the railway station, including an IGA supermarket, bottle shop, butcher, chemist and several restaurants and cafes.

Tourism
The area around Waverton is set along the northern waterways of Lavender Bay, within picturesque surroundings of suburban bushland. The suburb offers a delightful blend of peaceful living and urban convenience with a mix of period-style homes.

Recreation
Balls Head Reserve, the bushland peninsula, is a popular picnic destination especially when there are harbour fireworks such as on New Year's Eve. Its one-way road system also forms part of a favoured route for walkers and joggers, and contains many adjacent bushwalking paths.

Waverton Park, on the banks of Berrys Bay, with views of Sydney Harbour, is another recreation focal point.

The suburb is also home of training ships MV Cape Don, MV Sycamore and STS Young Endeavour berthed at the coal loader facility and HMAS Waterhen respectively.

The MV Cape Don is also a popular maritime museum.

title: Waverton, New South Wales


text:
Spector

Spector or Spektor may refer to:

People with the surname

 * Alfred Spector (born 1954), Vice President of Research and Special Initiatives at Google
 * Art Spector (1920–1987), American basketball player
 * Baylon Spector (born 1998), American football player
 * Daniela and Ben Spector, Israeli new age duo
 * David Spector (disambiguation), multiple people
 * Douglas Spector, plaintiff in Spector v. Norwegian Cruise Line Ltd.
 * Iftach Spector (born 1940), Israeli brigadier general
 * Jonathan Spector (born 1986), American soccer player
 * Maurice Spector, former chairman of the Communist Party of Canada
 * Morgan Spector, American actor
 * Norman Spector, Canadian journalist, diplomat, civil servant, and newspaper publisher
 * Phil Spector (1939–2021), American music producer
 * Regina Spektor, Russian-American singer-songwriter
 * Ronnie Spector (1943–2022), American singer from the Ronettes
 * Tim Spector (born 1958), British epidemiologist and science writer
 * Warren Spector, American computer game designer
 * Yitzchak Elchanan Spektor, Russian orthodox rabbi

Other uses

 * Art, entertainment, and media
 * Spector (band), an indie-rock band from London
 * Spector (company), a company producing bass guitars
 * Doctor Spektor, a comic book character
 * Marc Spector, the alias of Marvel Comics character Moon Knight
 * Paul Peter (aka Peter Baldwin), Sally Ann, Olivia, and Liam Spector; fictitious characters on the BBC crime series The Fall

 * Computing and technology
 * Veriato, formerly known as SpectorSoft, a company that develops spyware

title: Spector


text:
Wedderburn, New South Wales

Wedderburn is a suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Wedderburn is located 57 kilometres south-west of the Sydney central business district in the local government area of the City of Campbelltown and is part of the Macarthur region.

Wedderburn is the only Campbelltown suburb on the right bank of the Georges River. A steep gorge and heavy bush gives Wedderburn the atmosphere of a small country town rather than the suburban norm. The causeway on Wedderburn Road, which provides the main link to Campbelltown, is known to flood during heavy rain, increasing Wedderburn's isolation.

A small airport, Wedderburn Airport, operated by the New South Wales Sports Aircraft Club, is located to the south of the suburb.

History
Wedderburn was originally home to the Tharawal people and settlers from European backgrounds did not come to the area until the 1880s. In clearing the land, they established orchards which are still used today. The first Wedderburn Bridge was built in 1892 and a school and post office were established in 1896. Electricity did not reach Wedderburn until 1952. Increasing environmental awareness has seen Campbelltown Council keen to protect the gorges around Wedderburn and O'Hare's Creek Gorge to the east is set to become a national park.

Notable residents

 * Gracius Joseph Broinowski (1837–1913), a Polish-born artist and ornithologist who published a six-volume book on the birds of Australia.
 * Kevin O'Keefe OAM and Julie O'Keefe, entrepreneurs and philanthropists.
 * Dr Ross Field
 * Dr Lakshman Prasad, prominent medical practitioner in Campbelltown and philanthropist
 * Kath Robinson, senior lecturer at The University of Sydney
 * David Fairbairn (artist) (1949– ), artist and winner of the Dobell Drawing prize 1999 and the Doug Moran National Portrait Prize in 2002.

Artists from the Widden Weddin group:

 * John Peart (1946–2013), artist and winner of the Wynne Prize in 1997 and the Sulman Prize in 2000.
 * Elisabeth Cummings (1934–), prominent artist.

title: Wedderburn, New South Wales


text:
Ashley Mallett

Ashley Alexander Mallett (13 July 1945 – 29 October 2021) was an Australian cricketer who played in 38 Tests and 9 One Day Internationals between 1968 and 1980. Until Nathan Lyon, he was Australia's most successful off spin bowler since World War II. He extracted a lot of bounce from his high arm action, coupled with his height. He was a part of the Australian squad which finished as runners-up at the 1975 Cricket World Cup.

Early life
Mallett was born in Chatswood, New South Wales, and moved to Perth, Western Australia, as a child. He attended Mount Lawley High School.

Early career
Mallett was a member of the Western Australian squad in the 1966–67 season, but made no appearances, only being 12th man in two Sheffield Shield matches. On the bouncy pace friendly WACA Ground, where the Western Australians played their home matches, only one spinner was required, and left arm orthodox spinner Tony Lock, the former English Test player blocked Mallett's path. Along with young leg spinner Terry Jenner, Mallett transferred to South Australia in the winter of 1967, and immediately became a regular members of the state team, which often fielded two spinners on the Adelaide Oval's turning surface. They were to form an effective and attacking tandem spin combination for a decade.

During the 1967–68 season, Mallett made his first-class debut for South Australia in November against the touring New Zealand. He was wicketless from 12 overs and scored 8 not out and a duck as the tourists lost by 24 runs. Mallett took his maiden wickets in the next match against India, taking 2/55 in an innings win. His first victims were Ramakant Desai and Bhagwat Chandrasekhar, both caught by his spinning partner Jenner. In the following match, he took 2/65 and 6/81, removing former Test batsman Peter Burge twice to set up a six-wicket win over Queensland, and two matches later, faced his former state for the first time. He took 2/26 in the first innings, finishing off the tail, before taking 6/75 in the second innings to complete a 95-run win. Mallett dismissed Lock in both innings.

In the next match, Mallett took 4/54 and 4/52, helping South Australia to defend a target of 190 against Queensland and win by 14 runs. In the return match against Western Australia, Mallett totalled 4/103 in an innings win. He ended the season with 32 wickets at 25.15 and 110 runs at 13.75 with a best of 23.

These strong performances in his debut season gained Mallett selection in the Australian team to tour England in 1968 under the captaincy of Bill Lawry. In his second match on English soil, against Northamptonshire, Mallett took his maiden ten-wicket match haul. He took 3/31 and 7/75 to set up a ten-wicket win and his victims included Hylton Ackerman, Mushtaq Mohammed and Peter Willey, Test players for South Africa, Pakistan and England respectively. In the final county match before the Tests, Mallett totalled 4/132 against Surrey. He had taken 15 wickets at 19.40 but was not selected for the First Test. Mallett remained on the Test sidelines for the next two and a half months. In that time he played in seven more first-class matches and took 22 wickets at 31.81. His most productive results were a 4/46 and 2/85 in a defeat to Glamorgan and an innings haul of 5/69 against Derbyshire. He also took a total of 5/184 against Warwickshire, removing the West Indian Test batsman Rohan Kanhai twice.

Test career
Australia came into the Fifth and final Test of 1968 with a 1–0 series lead, so the Ashes had already been retained. Mallett made his Test debut, taking the wicket of Colin Cowdrey with his fifth ball, breaching his defences and trapping him leg before wicket. He then dismissed Basil D'Oliveira for 158 and wicket-keeper Alan Knott, ending with 3/87 as the hosts made 494. Mallett then made 43 not out, helping to push Australia to 324 with some lower order runs. It was almost twice his previous best first-class score, and remained his highest Test score. He then took 2/77 in the second innings, removing Cowdrey and John Edrich.

Rain threatened to save Australia after they collapsed in pursuit of 352 on the final day. Mallett fell for a duck, the ninth wicket to fall before England took the last wicket with five minutes to spare to win by 226 runs. Mallett was to tour England three more times, in 1972, 1975 and 1980, but was never at his best there.

In the second match of the 1968–69 season, Mallett took 2/30 and 3/80 in South Australia's match against the touring West Indies. He was selected for the First Test in Brisbane, but was attacked by the Caribbean tourists, taking a total of 1/88, his only wicket being Kanhai, and conceding almost five runs per over as Australia lost by 125 runs. After the defeat, Mallett was dropped. Returning to state duty, Mallett took 2/30 and 6/69 in the next match against New South Wales, helping to set up a three-wicket win. Two games later, he took 4/41 and 7/57, orchestrating an innings victory over Queensland. These efforts were not enough to win a recall to the Test team, and Mallett ended the season with 39 wickets at 23.15 as South Australia won the Sheffield Shield. He also scored 110 runs at 15.71 with a top-score of 24.

Tour of India
In Australia's 1969–70 tour to India, Mallett took 28 wickets and was an instrumental component of Australia's last Test series victory there for 35 years.

During a stopover in Ceylon, he took 4/63 in a drawn match against Sri Lanka, but did not have immediate success after arriving in India. In the drawn warm-up match against West Zone, he took only 1/85. In the First Test in Bombay, he took 0/43 in the first innings, before removing wicket-keeper Farokh Engineer and tail-ender Erapalli Prasanna and ending with 2/22 in the second innings as Australia won by eight wickets. Mallett then hit form, taking 3/42 and 7/38 to orchestrate an innings win over Central Zone. In the Second Test in Kanpur, Mallett bowled 87.5 overs, 43 of them maidens in an attritional drawn match. He took 3/58 in the first innings and 1/62 in the second innings, removing the top-scorer Gundappa Viswanath for 137.

On a dry, crumbling, turning pitch at the Feroz Shah Kotla in Delhi, the hosts levelled the series. After Australia had made 296, Mallett took 6/64 to secure a 73-run lead.

However, Australia was then bowled out for only 107 and the home team made 3/181 to win the match. Mallett took 2/60 and bowled 61.3 overs for the match.

Ahead of the next Test, Mallett took 5/37 and 1/37 as Lawry's men defeated East Zone by 96 runs.

Immediately after the tour of India, the Australians headed to South Africa for four more Tests. Mallett took a total of 10/263 in two warm-up matches and retained his place in the Test team.

The hosts batted first in the First Test at Newlands in Cape Town on a hard pitch not conducive to spin bowling, and made 382, but Mallett still managed to take 5/126, the leading bowling figures for the innings. In the second innings, he took 1/79 and Australia lost by 170 runs.

Despite this performance, Mallett was immediately dropped for the remaining three Tests. He took 4/110 and 4/89 in the next tour match against Border, but was ignored for the Third and Fourth Tests. In the meantime, Australia lost the last three Tests by an innings and 129 runs, 307 runs and 323 runs respectively, the heaviest series defeat in Australian Test history. Mallett ended the tour with 33 wickets at 33.09 and 61 runs at 12.20.

As Mallett sought to reclaim his Test spot at the start of the 1970–71 Australian season, he was in better form with the bat than the ball. In his opening first-class match of the season, against Western Australia, he made his first-class best of 92, but only totalled 2/179 in a drawn match. In the following match against Ray Illingworth's touring England team, he scored 28 but only managed an aggregate of 1/165 with the ball. Mallett then made the second and last half-century of his career, making 76 and totalling 3/25 against Victoria. In his last match before the First Test, Mallett only took 2/80 and he was not included in the national team.

After the Second Test, Mallett found form with the ball, taking 4/59 and 3/61 against England for South Australia, adding an unbeaten 42 with the bat. He followed this with 3/22 and 3/49 in an innings win over Queensland, and was called into the team for the Third Test. Due to persistent rain, the match was abandoned and the inaugural one-day international was scheduled in its place at the MCG.

Mallett had not been in good form in this new format of cricket; in two matches earlier in the season, he had conceded 82 runs from his 10 overs, approximately twice the average of that era.

Despite his poor track record, Mallett took 3/34 from eight overs, removing Edrich, Keith Fletcher and John Hampshire as England were dismissed for 190. Australia went on to complete a five-wicket victory.

Mallett took 4/40 and 2/85 in the Fourth Test at Sydney in the 1970–71 Ashes series, but Australia lost by 299 runs to go down 1–0 down and he was dropped immediately after the Test.

He was brought back for the Sixth Test, his first at the Adelaide Oval. He scored 28 and totalled 0/63 as the match ended in a draw, leaving Australia needing a win in the final Test to retain the Ashes.

The selectors responded by sacking Lawry and several other players, including Mallett.

Mallett returned to South Australia as his state proceeded to the Sheffield Shield title, although he only took one wicket in the last two matches.

In his most successful season with the bat, Mallett scored 374 runs at 28.76.

Returning to the Shield competition, Mallett performed consistently, with 54 and 62 wickets at an average of 19 in the 1971–72 and 1972–73 seasons allowing him a Test recall. In his earlier years, Mallett bowled with a high arm action, curving the ball away from the right-hander before breaking it inwards. He took 8/59 on his home ground in Adelaide against Pakistan in 1972–73 but missed the subsequent tour to the West Indies. Although Mallett was immediately playing Tests in the following season, reaching his 100 wicket milestone in his 23rd Test, he was subsequently used in a defensive capacity from the mid-1970s onwards. Keeping one end tight while Jeff Thomson and Dennis Lillee attacked the opposition with pace from the other, he only managed 32 wickets in his last 15 Tests. As the end of his career approached, he was plagued by arthritis, leading to a lower bowling action which curtailed his effectiveness. His last Test was at Lord's in 1980.

Sheffield Shield
Mallett had a productive Shield career, taking 391 wickets in 91 matches, second only to Clarrie Grimmett. In tandem with Jenner, he was part of a successful era in South Australian cricket, playing in three Sheffield Shield winning sides in 1968–69, 1970–71 and 1975–76. His best bowling was 13/122 against his native state in 1971–72.

Mallett had little ability with the bat, with a Test best of 43* made on his debut against England, with a first class best of 92 against Western Australia. He had good reflexes and completed many difficult catches in the gully position, despite appearing to be short sighted. He captained the state team on two occasions in 1980–81, his final season.

Nickname
Quietly spoken and bookish, Mallett was ironically nicknamed "Rowdy" by his teammates.

Post-playing career
Mallett, a journalist by profession had worked as a commentator, a spin bowling coach, and as a writer.
 * Mallett was employed by the Sri Lankan Cricket Board and travelled there three times a year as a consultant spin coach.
 * Mallett wrote biographies of Victor Trumper and Clarrie Grimmett. He also wrote a book about the Australian Aboriginal cricket team in England in 1868.

Books
Books by Mallett include:
 * 1985: 'Trumper': The Illustrated Biography, batsman Victor Trumper. ISBN 0 333 40906 X
 * 2002: Lord's Dreaming: The Story of the 1868 Aboriginal Tour of England and Beyond, a scholarly account of the Australian Aboriginal cricket team in England in 1868 ISBN 978-0-285-63640-8
 * 2005: Thommo Speaks Out, a biography of Australian bowler Jeff Thomson ISBN 978-1-74175-435-3
 * 2007: Chappelli Speaks Out, a biography of Australian batsman Ian Chappell ISBN 978-1-74175-036-2
 * 2008: One of a Kind: the Doug Walters story, a biography of Australian batsman Doug Walters ISBN 978-1-74175-029-4
 * 2018: The Boys from St Francis, Stories of the remarkable Aboriginal activists, artists and athletes who grew up in one seaside home

Death
Mallett died from cancer on 29 October 2021, at the age of 76 in Adelaide.

title: Ashley Mallett


text:
Rheinsteig

The Rheinsteig is a hiking trail following a mainly elevated path along the east bank of the Rhine River in Germany. Its 320 km route stretches from Bonn to Wiesbaden, running parallel to the Rheinhöhenweg Trail and Rheinburgenweg Trail.

Description
The Rheinsteig passes through woodlands and vineyards, and has challenging ascents and descents. It is signposted by signs with an 'R' on a blue background. The Rheinsteig allows either longer-distance hiking or a number of short tours.

Route and sights of interest

 * Wiesbaden-Biebrich, Schloss Biebrich, Wiesbaden-Schierstein, Goethestein, Burg Frauenstein, Wiesbaden-Frauenstein
 * Schlangenbad, Burg Scharfenstein, Kiedrich,
 * Eberbach Abbey (Kloster Eberbach), Steinberg, Schloss Vollrads
 * Johannisberg (Geisenheim), Schloss Johannisberg,
 * Marienthal Monastery, Eibingen Abbey,
 * Rüdesheim am Rhein, Niederwalddenkmal, Assmannshausen
 * Lorch, Ruine Nollig, Burg Gutenfels
 * Kaub, Dörscheid, Lorelei
 * Sankt Goarshausen, Nochern, Burg Maus
 * Kestert, Lykershausen, Burg Liebenstein, Burg Sterrenberg, Filsen
 * Osterspai, Marksburg
 * Braubach
 * Lahnstein, Oberlahnstein, Niederlahnstein, Lahneck Castle
 * Koblenz-Ehrenbreitstein, Ehrenbreitstein Fortress
 * Vallendar
 * Sayn (part of Bendorf)
 * Rengsdorf
 * Leutesdorf
 * Rheinbrohl
 * Leubsdorf, Linz am Rhein
 * Unkel
 * Bad Honnef, Drachenfels
 * Königswinter
 * Niederdollendorf
 * Kennedy Bridge, Bonn

Literature and maps
Opened on September 8, 2005, hikers can find maps and books giving information about where to join and leave the track, should hikers want to do just a short section.

Gallery
 File:Rheinsteig Dattenberg 2011.jpg File:BurgGutenfels01s.jpg| File:Rheinsteig Kaub and Die Pfalz.jpg| File:Schloss Arenfels NE aspect.jpg| Arenfels castle

File:HE Taunus Kiedrich Scharfenstein02a.jpg| File:Honigberg-wald-1s.jpg|Honigberg near Kiedrich File:Kloster-Eberbach-01s.jpg|Eberbach Abbey

Image:Rheinsteig-Oberwesel01.jpg|The Rheinsteig in winter, Roßstein between Kaub and St. Goarshausen, view of Oberwesel File:Goethestein-01.jpg|Goethestein, Wiesbaden-Frauenstein

title: Rheinsteig


text:
Wattle Grove, New South Wales

Wattle Grove is a suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Wattle Grove is located 30 kilometres south-west of the Sydney central business district in the local government area of the City of Liverpool.

Wattle Grove is a residential suburb with a small shopping centre and a number of recreational areas such as Wattle Grove Park, Australis Park, Wattle Grove Lake and the surrounding Lakeside Park.

History
Wattle Grove is built on the land of the Tharawal people. It was also previously land occupied by the Australian Defence Force. The original plans for a suburb were made by the government of Prime Minister Gough Whitlam in the 1970s. Infrastructure was built and the suburb lay dormant until further developed by Delfin Property Group, assisted by the Defence Housing Authority in the 1990s. In 1992, the suburb's name was changed from Holsworthy Village to Wattle Grove. On 12 April 1992, Wattle Grove was officially opened by Prime Minister Bob Hawke.

In 2006, Wattle Grove's tree-lined streets underwent significant change. Many of the Casuarina trees (Australian Pine) that lined the main road were replaced, due to roots potentially damaging nearby houses or falling during storms. Native shrubs have been planted in their place.

Wattle Grove Lake
Wattle Grove Lake is an artificial lake in the suburb Wattle Grove in Sydney, Australia. It was constructed by Delfin in 1990, along with the surrounding Wattle Grove residential development.

Wattle Grove Lake lies within the Georges River catchment and the Liverpool District sub catchment. It is located 2640 feet (804 metres) from Sydney, Australia. It is a migratory birds place of Australia.

Parkland
The lake is completely surrounded by Lakeside Park. The parkland includes two play areas and several fitness areas. There is a 15-minute walking trail that surrounds the lake.

Wildlife
Wattle Grove Lake includes a wildlife reserve, providing home for a variety of water birds. There is a wildlife inaccessible island containing ducks, swans, and other types of birds.

There is a variety of fish that live in the lake, including eels and other marine life.

Fishing, boating, and several other activities concerning the lake are prohibited to protect the wildlife.

Population
According to the 2016 census of Population, there were 8,952 people in Wattle Grove.
 * Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people made up 1.9% of the population.
 * 67.7% of people were born in Australia. The most common countries of birth were India 4.2%, Egypt 2.8%, Philippines 2.2%, England 1.7% and China 1.6%.
 * 66.3% of people only spoke English at home. Other languages spoken at home included Arabic 5.3%, Hindi 2.2%, Mandarin 1.8%, Greek 1.6% and Tagalog 1.5%.
 * The most common responses for religion were Catholic 30.9%, No Religion 18.3%, Anglican 13.3%, Hinduism 5.3%.

Commercial area

Wattle Grove's shopping centre was opened in 1998, but in late 2005 several of the businesses were gutted by fire. The centre reopened in 2007 and includes a Coles supermarket, hairdressing salon, real estate agency, pizzeria, pharmacy, charcoal chicken, news agency and other specialty shops. The Wattle Grove Club Hotel is within the complex.

Transport
Wattle Grove is well connected to other regions of Sydney due to its proximity to the M5 and M7 Motorways. Bus routes 901 and 902, operated by Transit Systems, run within the suburb. Route 901 connects to Holsworthy railway station and Liverpool railway station.

Community
The Wattle Grove area was designed to have a strong community 'feel' under the redeveloping of the area by Delfin in the 1990s.

Today, it is possible to evaluate the success of this by the large numbers of young families walking the tree lined footpaths on the weekends, and the strong turnouts at community events, such as the Christmas Carols and the Annual Easter Egg Hunt in Australis Park on Easter Sunday.

Schools
Wattle Grove is served by four primary schools: Holsworthy Primary School, Wattle Grove Primary School, St Mark's Coptic Orthodox College and St Christopher's Catholic Primary School, in addition to secondary schools: Holsworthy High School, Moorebank High School and St Mark's Coptic Orthodox College. St Christopher's is a feeder school for All Saints Catholic College Liverpool.

Churches
A chapel of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and St. Thomas' Indian Orthodox Church are located in Wattle Grove.

Sport and recreation
Playgrounds are located throughout the suburb, as well as walking and bike paths leading to an artificial lake in the suburbs center. Moorebank Sports Club, located nearby, provides opportunities for formal training in rugby league, soccer, hockey, baseball, cricket, Australian rules football, and netball. The Sporting codes are associated with Moorebank Sports Club, all being in the same complex except hockey and AFL which are located in other premises.

Wattle Grove Lake is an artificially constructed lake surrounded by the residential development of Wattle Grove. It is home to a variety of water birds. Anzac Creek is a small stream which leads into Wattle Grove Lake.

Notable people

 * Avani Dias (born in 1991), Sri Lankan Australian journalist and radio presenter

title: Wattle Grove, New South Wales


text:
Riwa Fort

The Riwa Fort (also  Fort), locally known as Kala Qilla or Black Fort, is a fort in central Mumbai (Bombay), India on the banks of the Mithi River. The fort is currently in a dilapidated condition amidst the Dharavi slums. It was built by the Mughal governor of Bombay, Yakut Khan. It was part of the larger Bombay Castle, and marked the northern portion of Mughal-held Bombay in the 17th century. The castle was also used as a watchtower, guarding the territory against the Portuguese-held Salsette Island. The Riwa Fort was later captured by the Marathas.

The fort comes under the jurisdiction of the Maharashtra Directorate of Archaeology and Museums.

title: Riwa Fort


text: Category:Novellas

title: Category:Novellas


text:
Warwick Farm, New South Wales

Warwick Farm is a suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Warwick Farm is located 30 kilometres west of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of the City of Liverpool and is part of the South-western Sydney region.

History
This area was occupied by Irish political prisoners transported after the Irish Rebellion of 1798. Land grants of 40 acre were made to transportees in 1809 and for some time it was known as Irish Town. John Hawley Stroud, the superintendent of Liverpool Orphans School, received a grant in 1804 on the present site of Warwick Farm Racecourse and named his property after Warwick in England.

Landmarks
Warwick Farm Racecourse sits on the western shore of the Georges River. A large replica of the Sydney Harbour Bridge sits outside the Peter Warren car dealership, on the Hume Highway. It was built and assembled during half-time at the 1987 Rugby League Grand Final at the Sydney Cricket Ground by Royal Australian Navy apprentices before being purchased by Peter Warren.

Motorsport
Warwick Farm Raceway was a motor racing facility which was in operation from 1960 to 1973. Located within the Warwick Farm Racecourse site, it hosted numerous major events including the Australian Grand Prix. The first big meeting at the track, a round of the Tasman Series in January 1961, drew a crowd of 65,000 spectators. However, the circuit was expensive to run, as two "crossings" had to be placed over the horse racing track, and thus large crowds were needed to sustain racing.

By the early 1970s the Australian Jockey Club (AJC) was receiving financial support from the TAB, and thus did not need the relatively low returns from motor racing, and didn't want to improve the circuit. When the Confederation of Australian Motorsport requested to have Armco fencing erected around the circuit, the AJC refused, and the circuit closed.

The last major race was a round of the 1973 Australian Touring Car Championship on 15 July, which was won by Peter Brock.

Transport
Warwick Farm railway station is on the Main Southern railway line. A branch line ran to Warwick Farm Racecourse for race day trains until closed in August 1990. The Hume Highway is the main arterial road through the suburb. The William Long Bridge crosses the Georges River to Chipping Norton.

Population
According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics, the suburb of Warwick Farm had a population of 5,884. 33.7% of people were born in Australia. The next most common countries of birth were India 6.5%, Vietnam 4.8%, Iraq 4.3%, Philippines 2.5% and China 2.3%. 28.2% of people spoke only English at home. Other languages spoken at home included Arabic 10.0%, Vietnamese 7.2%, Serbian 4.2%, Hindi 3.6% and Mandarin 2.4%. The most common response for religion was Catholic at 19.6%.

title: Warwick Farm, New South Wales