text:
Talk:Nuxalk language

Under-dotted sonorants
Bagemihl also lists a series of sonorants, m n l, with an under-dot, as phonemes. Are these glottalized, or just syllabic? kwami 08:02, 2005 August 20 (UTC)
 * Nater says they're syllabic. Mo-Al (talk) 04:39, 14 April 2009 (UTC)

Consonant-only words
I don't have a problem with the concept of syllabic voiceless fricatives, but how do the plosive-only words work? Surely there must at least be voiceless [ə] between them?!? David Marjanović | david.marjanovic_at_gmx.at | 23:28 CEST | 2006/4/25
 * They're aspirated, and the aspiration separates them. I suppose one could claim that aspiration is the same as a voiceless schwa. kwami 22:00, 25 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Oh! Yeah! Logical! I forgot the aspiration because, confusingly, it's not written in the example words, despite the use of brackets rather than slashes.
 * But then… aspiration isn't voiceless. It can only be followed by a voiced vowel. Could it be that there are non-phonemic epenthetic vowels in those words? Or what else could I be overlooking?
 * BTW, do you happen to know if the aspiration is dropped in words like /ps/ and /sps/ in favor of syllabic [s]?
 * David Marjanović | david.marjanovic_at_gmx.at | 14:08 CEST | 2006/4/28

 * Aspiration is voiceless, and need not be followed by a vowel. I find [phth] perfectly pronounceable on its own. You could regard the aspiration as a very short voiceless schwa with comparatively heavy friction, but it's different from the voiceless vowel of Japanese [suki], which occupies a whole mora. In [ps] I suppose the 'aspirated' [p] is distinguished from [p's] by lacking the ejective release. Both [phs] with nuclear aspiration and [ps] with nuclear [s] are possible; I don't know which they use. I think I once read that the word [sts] 'birthmark'(?) is three syllables, in which case the aspiration on the [t] is a nucleus. ~ Anoni, 13/8/2006

 * Sorry, I've just remembered it was [stt] that was three syllables, so that's not evidence for the above. ~ Anoni, 14/8/2006
 * The whole concept of a syllable becomes difficult and is perhaps not applicable to some languages, especially ones like this. Trying to decide what the nucleus is of some of these words might be meaningless. kwami 18:18, 31 October 2007 (UTC)
 * I find pretty easy to whisper, but not pronounceable in a normal voice, because the sound that I recognize as [h] can only be released into something voiced because it contains a glottal tap of something. I drop that when I whisper because otherwise I hear . But who knows. Maybe those folks use the glottal fricative/approximant alone, without the flap. Maybe it's just me in the first place. ~:-|
 * David Marjanović | david.marjanovic_at_gmx.at | 23:17 CEST | 2006/9/7
 * 'Whispering' isn't a bad description. The Nuxalk themselves have commented that some of these words can not be said very loud, certainly not yelled. 'Help' is one of them, though fortunately 'help me' contains sonorants and can be yelled. But [h] can be released into anything. See Icelandic for its "preaspirated" stops. kwami 18:18, 31 October 2007 (UTC)
 * what's the phrase for help that doesn't contain sonorants? The only ways I can think of (using Nuxalk orthograhpy) are halp-nic-tsx! or "alhnaycaktsx!" My favourite is "ts's" - loud. 184.151.231.2 (talk) 21:12, 4 June 2014 (UTC)
 * There's a lemma for that: Words without vowels. It would be great to include or link to some sound clips though. The only audio in the Words without vowels article (in a Berber language) is in WAV files linked to from a Microsoft Word document that doesn't display well in LibreOffice. I don't know what problem some scientists have with making their stuff accessible. -- One more question. In [kʼxɬɬtʰsxʷ sɬχʷtʰɬɬtʰs (t͡s?)], what are the ɬɬ sequences? Shouldn't these be ɬː ? Or if they consist of two separate ɬ s, what separates them in pronunciation?--88.73.6.122 (talk) 14:25, 25 August 2011 (UTC)

 * (re. ɬɬ) I don't know. It's easy enough to have two pulses. That is, dynamically increase, decrease, and increase again. That's what separates "mm-mm!" for people who don't use a glottal stop. — kwami (talk) 16:07, 25 August 2011 (UTC)

 * (re. ɬɬ) They just have one pulse, but longer duration - they represent something like a past perfect tense (with ɬ being a past tense, among other things). 184.151.231.221 (talk) 04:57, 16 March 2014 (UTC)

 * I would like to point out Shilha language. The phonetic study linked there supports the conclusion that Shilha (and presumably other Berber languages, though apparently except Zenaga and Tuareg, see the table at Proto-Berber language for why I strongly suspect they're exceptions), too, has words and syllables which are phonologically entirely devoid of vowels – even if schwa-like elements (i. e., non-phonemic epenthetic vowels – or vocoids, as they call them) tend to appear automatically under certain (predictable) circumstances. The study explains that clusters like /ts/ (without excrescent vocoid separating the consonants) or /tr/ (phonetically [tər], i. e., with a vocoid) are treated as a light syllable in Shilha, i. e. with /s/ or /r/ as nucleus, but I'm not sure about sequences of stops. --Florian Blaschke (talk) 20:18, 25 October 2011 (UTC)

Nuxalk vs Nuxalkmc
What is needed to justify changing the term from Nuxalk to Nuxalkmc? I'm asking because when I made those changes, the page was reverted; it's only a very minor, fine point of contention on my part, but one that i'd be interested in arguing.

I knew that I didn't have any references or specifics to cite when I was actually making the changes, so I kinda thot that it was going to be challenged.

I'm not a linguist or a professional in the field(nor did I know how to readily put into words on the page itself the reasons behind the changes I made), so I will agree that it doesn't strictly mean the same thing(I argued that the suffix "-mc" meant "from" to justify changing "Nuxalk language" to "Nuxalkmc language" in the "describe changes" section of this page, but that was mostly due to limited space in the tag-line).

I only know that I am of Nuxalkmc heritage and have grown up in Bella Coola/Nuxalk Nation, and that the connotation today is for the word "Nuxalkmc" to be used in the same way as "English" or "French" or "Chinese", and to my mind it makes the difference between "French Fries" and "France Fries", or "Chinese Food" and "China Food"...or to put it in direct context to this post: "I am from England, I am English and I speak English" vs. "I am from Nuxalk, I am Nuxalkmc and I speak Nuxalkmc", etc.

Or, to put an even finer point on it, the word for "rainbow" in Nuxalkmc is s'il'ilayc, which translates directly as "something that goes round in a ring"(or something to that effect); now, should such an entry ignore what the term actually means or is used for? Focusing instead on its literal, proper translation? These are among my arguments, and if I am dead-wrong, then so be it, but I'm still interested in pursuing discussion on the matter :D

PS: I don't even know if this post is proper for wikettiquette, so I apologize if it is, but I don't know of any other way to bring up the issue; thanx!

PPS: If it helps, pg.41 of H. F. Nater's A Concise Nuxalk English Dictionary gives the verb "it" meaning "to speak", and the phrase "itnuxalkmc"(emphasis mine) as meaning "to speak Nuxalk", as well as "it'Atlsmc" as "to speak Chilcotin"...both with the connotation that it is the language they are speaking from the area/people/whatever(as in English comes from England, Chinese comes from China, etc). Malestrom (talk) 01:37, 18 October 2010 (UTC)

 * I moved this to the end of the talk page, to make it in chrono order  Chzz  ► 00:12, 19 October 2010 (UTC)

 * This is actually a great argument for reverting to the English exonym, Bella Coola. Nuxálk (language) isn't correct, and Nuxalkmc is completely at odds with English phonology. Common sense needs to trump "political correctness" here. Lesson: Don't expect speakers of European languages to twist their tongues trying to pronounce a foreign name the native way. Just let them use the exonyms. You know, like nobody says langue française or deutsche Sprache in an English context, they simply say French language and English language. By insisting on the native endonym (and other such nonsense, such as impeding science for petty ethnocentric reasons and nationalist fervour), you essentially sabotage your own cause: Rather than increasing respect, you diminish it, by implying your language is irredeemably exotic and foreigners would rather have your language (perhaps even ethnic group) disappear to get rid of the annoyance or problem. Civilised language have exonyms. Only fanatic semi-savages insist on "politically correct" native designations counter to all reason. You are doing yourself, your ethnic group, your culture and your language a great disservice by annoying foreigners with such requirements, and even discriminating against them because they have simply never learned to pronounce the sounds and clusters needed for something like [sqʷχʷuʔməʃ]. Even as a trained linguist and phonetician, I struggle mightily trying to pronounce that. Nuxalkmc is not much easier. To derive the pronunciation from the spelling is also everything but straightforward. I cannot even spell Sḵwx̱wú7mesh in principle: my keyboard doesn't have a way to type all the necessary diacritics (the German Mac layout has a lot of extra characters and diacritics), and even finding them in the character map and combining them with the characters is a challenge. Don't ask me to remember either pronunciation or spelling. --Florian Blaschke (talk) 17:12, 27 August 2011 (UTC)
 * If I insisted that my surname be spelled according to the original Czech orthography, Blažek, and my first name be declined according to Latin grammar, people would laugh at me and tell me to sod off, and they would be totally right. It would just me being a dick, not a putative right not to be discriminated against and to have one's heritage respected. Even a famous person such as Prince could not get people to refer to him by a cumbersome unpronounceable symbol that required a custom font to print – and guess what? It's not part of Unicode, either. Prince was just being a diva expecting that the world succumb to his whims. This case is no different.
 * Know what? Squamish language and Lillooet language have been moved (back) to the easily-pronounced English exonyms. By a linguist and admin, no less, in the second case; in the first case after a requested move discussion. They don't like unnecessary, arbitrary and gratuitous hassle, either. --Florian Blaschke (talk) 19:13, 27 August 2011 (UTC)
 * "arbitrary and gratuitous hassle" LOL you crack me up Florian, this is two years later now. Lillooet poeple has been reverted (by RM) back to St'at'imc and though I haven't filed an RM for the language yet, there's a good case why St'at'imcets, which is current in English (not in your part of the world no doubt, but definitely in BC) should be the title of that article.  WP:NCLANG was written by the perpetrator of those moves, but is in conflict with WP:Naming conventions (ethnicities and tribes) and, too often, with WP:TWODABS, and also with various passages in WP:UCN that provide exceptions that COMMONNAME and RS jackboot-enforcers never seem to have ever bother reading.Skookum1 (talk) 01:21, 18 March 2014 (UTC)
 * Wow, I'm impressed, that RM had three whole "votes" including the nominator, and was closed in a week only, like too many controversial RMs where more discussion was needed. Bad example; true "Skwxwu7mesh snichim" is not present in English, and the two RM attempts to revert Squamish people to Skwxwu7mesh have failed, but the CFd on Category:Squamish people is ongoing and the "How the people refer to themselves should be considered.  If a term is common in English [doesn't say "most common"], then it should be the title" in the ethnicities and tribes naming convention seems to be lost on you linguists, who too often say "wikipedia doesn't care what they call themselves" and who continue to assert archaic names based on RS from times past or other countries, without taking into account the realities of Canadian English and its across-the-board acceptance of native endonyms.  "Get with the times" and stop using old sources to back up colonialist-era names.Skookum1 (talk) 01:30, 18 March 2014 (UTC)
 * What's with the the á instead of an a in Nuxalk? I've been living in Bella Coola for 3 months now working documenting the language, and this is the first time I've seen any sort of an accent used in the name. Anywhere. Secondly - at least in this region, Nuxalk seems to have become the exonym for the language, so the argument that we should revert to the English "Bella Coola" wouldn't actually be holding true for the English that is spoken in the region where the Nuxalk language is spoken.  Just a thought.  It is written as Nuxalk, but pronounced with an h rather than /X/. 184.151.231.221 (talk) 05:08, 16 March 2014 (UTC)
 * the accent is what's used in their formal orthography for their language, as far as I understand it. And Swanton says that Nuhalk was the name of the Bella Coola Valley.  And re using their chosen endonym as on [http: //www.nuxalk.net their website] see WP:ETHNICGROUPS about using the nativepreferred term.....are you saying that the FN people of the Bella Coola Valley don't use Nuxalk for themselves but call themselves the "Bella Coola people"?  Seems a stretch but then you're on-site and I'm not.  The MOSTCOMMON use of "Bella Coola" in BC is for the town, of course.Skookum1 (talk) 06:19, 16 March 2014 (UTC)
 * Okay, I can set the one thing straight - there aren't any accents used in the formal orthography anywhere. I was responding to Florian Blaschke's call that Nuxalk be replaced with "Bella Coola" - I may have gotten endonym and exonym mixed up, what I was trying to say is that the FN people here do use Nuxalk for themselves, them and everyone else here, so any argument that we should switch to "Bella Coola" based on that this is the more common term would be incorrect reasoning, as Nuxalk is the common term everywhere here, for both the people and the language, by both FN and not. While Bella Coola could be argued to be better, since not all the families here are "Nuxalkmc" from Nuxalk (the valley), and are in fact from Kimsquit, South Bentinck, Tallio, Stuic, and so on, it seems that the "Nuxalk" has become the de-facto group term. Note that I made the previous comment while not logged in. Muskwatch (talk) 08:27, 17 March 2014 (UTC)
 * Totally agree, Florian B was out of line with that comment; see WP:Naming conventions (ethnicities and tribes) about using the terms preferred by the peoples themselves, though that is about peoples and not their languages; WP:NCLANG}] is what was used to justify this, but similar to Florian B, it was written by an amateur linguist-cum-admin who "has an agenda", an agenda which includes anglicizing terms he doesn't think are present in English. "Bella Coola" is hopelessly out of date and like you, as a British Columbian, I know that "Nuxalk" is now the common term and in regular use in English.  Too many Wikipedians only look at their own bookshelves and from the narrow view of their own field; the dismissive attitude towards what terms the peoples they write about "we don't have to care what they want" is contrary to the ethnicities and tribes guideline I just linked, but getting them to admit to that is another matter.  So long as older [[WP:RS are included, yes, the archaic term "Bella Coola" valley can be said to be more common; but if results, particularly news results, are limited to post-1980s, it's clear what the most common use in English is.  I'm curious about the lack of an accent on Nuxalk locally; isn't that on Nuxalk.net?  Any such use of accents is rarely seen in English e.g. when a news item about these people is in the Vancouver Sun.Skookum1 (talk) 01:21, 18 March 2014 (UTC)
 * How can I remove the accent in Nuxálk? I can't seem to find where it is displayed. 184.151.231.2 (talk) 21:16, 4 June 2014 (UTC)
 * In the text, just substitute an 'a' for it; for the title that's going to take a WP:Requested move, which can be an arduous process and people only familiar with older sources or the older usage might kibbitz for a change to Bella Coola language, claiming that "global usage" outweigh the modern Canadian norms (which is rubbish and actually not born out by sources if they're limited to more recent ones). You'd think it could be a 'technical request' to fix the spelling, but there's people who would claim that is "controversial" and would demand an RM; so they can make a controversy up and force the older name onto this article.Skookum1 (talk) 01:32, 5 June 2014 (UTC)

Written form
This article makes no mention of written Nuxálk. Does it have a written form? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 192.197.54.33 (talk) 00:09, 18 November 2010 (UTC)

Diacritic in Title?
Hey, I'm a bit confused why the title for this page is Nuxálk, instead of Nuxalk (without the diacritic.) The name of the language in the text, in the references, and in any reference I've seen to this language has been without an accent there. Why is there one in the title? Umimmak (talk) 00:26, 31 December 2014 (UTC)
 * There seems to be a consensus for removing it, but noone has filed a request to move the article to Nuxalk language yet.User:Maunus ·ʍaunus·snunɐw· 01:18, 31 December 2014 (UTC)
 * Myself I never filed an RM to remove the accent, because of the hassle of fielding a WP:LANGUAGE RM to correct the parallel language articles to all the endonyms that Kwami BOLD-moved at the same time, adding "people" to endonym titles and throwing back titles to linguistics usages and denouncing the native names as "not English" (though they are normal accepted English in Canada) e.g. the corresponding language page for the St'at'imc is Lillooet language; it had been at St'at'imcets for a very long time; Wuikyala was moved to a version of Oowekyala dialect (which has unnecessary disambiguation and is a now out-of-date spelling) even though the people-article is Wuikinuxv, which like the others took an RM to fix, like dozens of others. Adding unnecessary disambiguation to language titles like Halkomelem language and Oowekyala dialect gets even more curious in the backpages of NCL-related discussions on NCP that "dialect" is often considered offensive and should be avoided; that comment was in fact made by Kwami himself, who then ignored it and BOLD moved lots of that kind to add "dialect" when the people themselves regard what they speak as a language.

 * There are many inconsistency of titles out there, caused by a combination of BOLD moves the intransigence experienced re the endonym RMs and certain earlier CFDs, such as the one that removed the accent from the Nuxalk article/category, and the accents and special characters from Category:St'at'imc and Category:Sto:lo....this inconsistency between correct modern usages and the preferences of linguistics publications is rife in a lot of native language titles.....as the endonyms were restored, and I was accused of massive undiscussed moves which were actually RMs required because of someone else's bulk BOLD moves, so much hassle and insult came at me for that series of RMs I've had no taste for more of the same bullshit so haven't fielded certain RMs on the language titles. The corresponding language article for Tsuu Tina, for example, is Sarcee language even though cites already on that page from even 100 years ago say it ("Sarcee") is offensive to the Tsuu Tina; it does after all mean "bad ones"; Coast Tsimshian language is commonly named in the press and modern books now by Sm'algyax the same way that Kwak'wala and Halkomelem and its variants are regular occurrences in English, Canadian English anyway (if not in Alberta, where Kwami lives), rather than Kwakiutl language, which Kwami would prefer, and Fraser River Coast Salish language which is the "old" name.  Nlaka'pamux was restored from the arch-colonialist Thompson people, but the language article moved at the same time, from Nlakapmuctsin or whatever spelling of that, was not RMd back; similarly Ktunaxa was moved back from "Kutenai people" but Ktunahan, the name of the language which is also used in English (as is Ktunaxa) is at Kutenai language instead of its native name.....Secwemptsin remains at Kwami's moved-to Shuswap language even though the main people article was RMd back to where it belongs at Secwepemc. Dakelh was finally restored after Kwami moved it to Carrier people but Carrier language remains "stuck in time".

 * These examples do not involve the accent situation here, though former diacritical titles did (undiacriticalized versions of e.g. St'at'imcets are current in English, though in St'at'imcets itself they're complicated, same with Sto:lo). In this case, the precedent to remove the accent is there; the CfD about the accent on the category; it was me who split Nuxalk off from the government-article Nuxalk Nation and so that's why the people article doesn't have the accent; I used the English spelling, rather than the Nuxalk one....and on the Nuxalk talkpage someone from there  says he's never seen it with the accent, which must be an affectation of the linguistics crowd as the Nuxalk don't use it themselves as seen on the Nuxalk Saymusta page.  'Nuff said, provided that Maunus doesn't want to vote against something just because I support it, I don't think an RM to remove this accent will have all that much trouble if someone will support it.  Chipewyan people's RMs got shot down (the earlier article had been Denesuline) but the needless people-dab was removed by an admin in the time since without an RM.....so possibly this doesn't have to need a formal RM given the category and main article titles and the CFD on the category as precedent/rationale.Skookum1 (talk) 04:55, 31 December 2014 (UTC)

 * I've made the request to delete the redirect at Nuxalk language and move the page there. Any admin can do this.User:Maunus ·ʍaunus·snunɐw· 05:07, 31 December 2014 (UTC)

Page Move
This page was moved from Nuxalk to Bella Coola based on a reference to the English-first practice of the First Peoples' Cultural Council, but on their very own website, First Voices, the FPCC (joining the practice of many other First Nations sources, including the Nuxalk Nation themselves) refer to the language in English only as Nuxalk. While historically linguists have used the name Bella Coola, in English and Nuxalk usage today, the term Nuxalk is now paramount and the continuation of Bella Coola on Wikipedia is out of date, analogous to insisting on referring to the Khoekhoe language as Hottentot. The page should be moved back. TheLateDentarthurdent (talk) 16:30, 27 July 2015 (UTC)

The Pronunciation /ˈnuːhɒlk/
Why does the phonetic transcription of the name have stress on the first syllable? Isn't it on the second syllable?

"In certain environments there is, however, little variation concerning the place of stress: (a) it usually falls on the last V in the position -T#" (Nater 1979 "Bella Coola phonology" Lingua 49:169-187)

"Typically, stress falls on the last vowel (= syllabic sonorant) of a word, provided it is followed by at least one obstruent" (Bagemihl (1991) "Syllable Structure in Bella Coola" LI 22(4):589-646)

There is a citation to Bauer (2007) The Linguistic Student's Handbook, but this book does not provide any pronunciation for the name "Nuxalk"; it does provide a pronunciation for the name "Bella Coola", namely /ˈbelə ˈkuːlə/, which differs from the current pronunciation in the article: /ˈbɛlə ˈkuːlə/. Why is this work being cited for a pronunciation it doesn't have? I'm adding a citation needed. 24.87.208.217 (talk) 22:08, 5 November 2015 (UTC)

 * As someone who lives here, Nuxalk definitely has the stress on the first syllable these days. At times when speaking Nuxalk, I do stress it on the second syllable, but since the word is primarily used in English by most people, the accent tends to shift as well. Either way there is quite a bit of variation regarding stress, in most cases it's not in stone. Muskwatch (talk) 19:47, 15 February 2023 (UTC)

Ambiguous example of Passive Causative paradigm
nuyamł-tus ti-ʔimlk-tx ti-ʔimmllkī-tx 'the man made/let the boy sing'/'the man sang for the boy' appears to provide two opposite meanings. Who is singing? The man or the boy? Would this correctly be:

nuyamł-tus/ti-ʔimlk-tx/ti-ʔimmllkī-tx 'the man made the boy sing'/'the man let the boy sing'/'the man sang for the boy'

Thisisnotatest (talk) 00:16, 14 December 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Nuxalk language. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive {newarchive} to http://citizenshift.org/tags/bella-coola

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Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 03:07, 28 February 2016 (UTC)

Three phonemic vowels, not one
The article contradicted itself. First it said that Nater proposed that /m̩, n̩, l̩/ are separate phonemes from non-syllabic /m, n, l/. Observing that /i, u/ could similarly be considered the syllabic counterparts of the non-syllabic /j, w/, it then suddenly turned around and claimed Nater's analysis leaves Nuxalk with a single phonemic vowel because /i, u/ turn out to be /j, w/. But if syllabic and non-syllabic sonorants are separate phonemes, then /i, u/ are separate phonemes from /j, w/, too! You could transcribe /i, u/ as /j̩, w̩/ to emphasize this pairing of phonemes, but that wouldn't change the fact that they're vowels.

It's common for languages to have phonemes that can be arranged in pairs (or triplets or quadruplets): long and short vowels, long and short consonants, voiced and voiceless obstruents, you name it. That doesn't mean such pairs are a single phoneme! The distinguishing feature is phonemic.

Because a phonemic contrast between syllabic and non-syllabic consonants (which my kinds of German both have) is a much less surprising claim than the only language with a single phonemic vowel would be, I've gone ahead and changed the article.

David Marjanović (talk) 10:39, 23 September 2016 (UTC)

unlabialized velar obstruents
I was wondering, if the unlabialized velar obstruents are [k, k' & x^ʲ] as given in the orthography, or [c, c' & ç], as given in the phonology section. I could not find firsthand sources online, but would it not disqualify discombobulation by readers over which phonemes they were, if one version were to be upheld in both sections? If they are allophones or in free variation, could this be noted? Thanks.ARCHEologe (talk) 18:24, 10 July 2021 (UTC)

Switching portions to Nuxalk Orthography
At some point, my hundreds of students of the Nuxalk language are going to come to Wikipedia, are going to see a big description of their language on this page, and won't be able to read a thing as it's all IPA. I look at other language pages, and while there is of course IPA during the descriptions of the sounds in the language, once you get into the grammar everything is done in the language's orthography. What are the guidelines about this? Muskwatch (talk) 19:51, 15 February 2023 (UTC)

 * Did this question/issue get resolved in a useful way?
 * I personally can't imagine a problem with having most of the Nuxalk in the article spelled the way it's normally spelled, as long as the pronunciation guide is kept in IPA so that (nerdy) people who don't know the language have a way in. TooManyFingers (talk) 04:04, 27 September 2023 (UTC)

Shouting? Singing?
From the very strong prevalence of consonants in Nuxalk, it seems to me as if it might be physically difficult to shout or sing in this language (or severely limit one's choice of words while doing so). Is there any truth in this, or is it just a matter of familiarity and practice?

(Perhaps this article overemphasizes the consonant-heavy words because they're a very distinctive feature.) TooManyFingers (talk) 03:51, 27 September 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Nuxalk language


text:
Hooters (disambiguation)

Hooters is the trade name of two American restaurant chains.

Hooters or Hooter may also refer to:
 * The Hooters, an American rock band
 * Hooters Casino Hotel, in Las Vegas, Nevada
 * Hooters Air, a defunct airline
 * Miami Hooters, a defunct Arena Football League team
 * An owl
 * A vehicle horn
 * An American slang term for large female breasts

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Hooters (disambiguation)


text: Category:User war

title: Category:User war


text:
Electrolarynx

An electrolarynx, sometimes referred to as a "throat back", is a medical device about the size of a small electric razor used to produce clearer speech by those people who have lost their voice box, usually due to cancer of the larynx. The most common device is a handheld, battery-operated device pressed against the skin under the mandible which produces vibrations to allow speech; other variations include a device similar to the "talk box" electronic music device, which delivers the basis of the speech sound via a tube placed in the mouth. Earlier non-electric devices were called mechanical larynxes. Along with developing esophageal voice, using a speech synthesizer, or undergoing a surgical procedure, the electrolarynx serves as a mode of speech recovery for laryngectomy patients.

The Voice Quality Symbol for electrolaryngeal phonation in speech is И, approximating the symbol for electricity.

Overview
Initially, the pneumatic mechanical larynx was developed in the 1920s by Western Electric. It did not run on electricity, and was flawed in that it produced a strong voice. However, more recent mechanical larynxes have demonstrated similar voice production to commercially available electrolarynxes. Electrolarynxes were introduced in the 1940s, at a time when esophageal speech was being promoted as the best course in speech recovery; however, since that technique is difficult to master, the electrolarynx became quite popular. Since then, medical procedures, such as the tracheo-oesophageal puncture, and the rarely performed laryngeal transplantation surgery, have been created to enable speech without continued dependence on a handheld device.

The use of an electrolarynx can cause social issues, for instance difficulty ordering food, drinks, or other items in noisy environments; or, when answering a telephone, having the caller respond, "Am I talking to a computer?"

However, quality-of-life improvements due to electrolarynx usage are generally significant. One user states: "People are really very kind once they realize what the situation is. I may go into a restaurant once, and if I go back there a year later, and it's the same woman at the front desk, she'll say, 'Where have you been? We haven't seen you for a while.' So, I feel like a movie star... I'm really very blessed in my life. I am happier now, without my voice, than I've ever been with my voice. It's a small price to pay for being alive and enjoying life. So I am very happy where I am now."

Traditional electrolarynxes produce a monotone buzz that the user articulates into speech sounds, resulting in the characteristic "robotlike" voice quality. However, in the 1990s, research and commercial multi-tone devices began to be developed, including discrete-tone devices using multiple-position switches or multiple buttons; as well as variable-tone devices controlled by single pressure-sensitive buttons, trackballs, gyroscopes, touchpad-like input devices, or even electrical detection of the movement of neck muscles. In addition to allowing speakers of non-tonal languages such as English to have a more natural speaking voice,  some of these newer devices have allowed speakers of tonal languages such as Mandarin Chinese to speak more intelligibly.

Notable fictional users
Fictional characters notable for their use of an electrolarynx include:

 * Agents of "Leviathan" on Agent Carter
 * Alpha 60 from Alphaville
 * Charlie in Mad Max
 * Electrolarynx Guy (Jack Axelrod) on My Name Is Earl
 * Emilio Sanchez, one of the residents of the Lawrence Hilton Jacobs housing project on The PJs
 * Gray Baker in Dead Again
 * Heathrow, Madea's brother in Tyler Perry's A Madea Family Funeral
 * Komtuan, the crime lord from the film Ong-Bak: Muay Thai Warrior, notable as a speaker of a tonal language being understood despite using a traditional monotone electrolarynx
 * Nassara in Dry Season
 * Ned Gerblanski from South Park
 * Sawyer the Cleaner from Black Lagoon
 * Sheriff Jerry/Angela Baker in Return to Sleepaway Camp
 * Smokie Martling, a parody of Jackie Martling from The Howard Stern Show
 * The Smoking Family from Chewin' The Fat
 * Stemroach (David Bradley) on Ideal
 * WWE wrestler Kane, for his first three years in the company (1997–1999)
 * Zimos from Saints Row The Third
 * Evil Troy from Community (TV series)
 * The Killer from Night Terror (Film)
 * Glory Dodge in North Country
 * Krishnadas in Abraham Ozhler (Malayalam Movie)
 * Walter Wingfield in Say It Isn't So
 * Sani Crow in Banshee

title: Electrolarynx


text:
Coppins

Coppins is a country house north of the village of Iver in Buckinghamshire, England. Located only seven miles from Windsor Castle, it was formerly a home to many members of the British royal family, including Princess Victoria, Prince George, Duke of Kent and Princess Marina, and their son Prince Edward, Duke of Kent.

History
The house was originally a mid-nineteenth-century farmhouse built by John Mitchell, who arranged theatre visits for Queen Victoria and her son, the Prince of Wales. The house was substantially altered for Princess Victoria, who moved there after the death in 1925 of her mother, Queen Alexandra.

Princess Victoria left Coppins to her nephew Prince George, Duke of Kent, when she died in 1935. From then until it was sold in 1972 to Commander Eli Gottlieb, it was the home of two generations of the Kent family.

Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh was a regular visitor to Coppins during school holidays while at Gordonstoun (1937–39) and Dartmouth Naval College (1939–40), and later when visiting with Princess Elizabeth. Prince George's wife, Princess Marina, was Prince Philip's paternal first cousin.

Prince Michael of Kent was born there on 4 July 1942. In 1944, Princess Marina's first cousin King George II of Greece also stayed at Coppins.

title: Coppins


text:
Wikipedia:Swedish Wikipedians' notice board/Old articles

Here are some old articles about Swedish topics. Some articles may be older, though, but not marked as such due to changes/bugs in the server.

How articles look way back then:

 * November 30, 2001 Sweden | Sweden August 31 2002:

The oldest found articles:

 * May 19, 2001 Riddarfjärden; Mälaren and Arne Kaijser
 * May 17, 2001 Göta kanal
 * May 16 Sockerdricka
 * May 12: Swedish municipality: | Ostergotland:

 * May 11 Malmö

 * May 10, 2001 Roxen webserver | Gothenburg University  | Queen Kristina of Sweden | Swedish people  | Svenska Dagbladet:  | Horace Engdahl

 * May 4: Volvo, Ericsson, Göta älv, Gustaf VI Adolf
 * May 3 2001 Norrkoping | Helsingborg Municipality  | Roxen


text:
User:Gmosaki

C'est moi.

title: User:Gmosaki


text:
Cresswell Cresswell

Sir Cresswell Cresswell, PC (20 August 1794 – 29 July 1863), born Cresswell Easterby, was an English lawyer, judge and Tory politician. As a judge in the newly created divorce court, Cresswell did much to start the emergence of modern family law by setting divorce on a secular footing, removed from the traditional domain of canon law.

Family
Born at Bigg Market, Newcastle, Cresswell's father was Francis Easterby (died 1834), a merchant and sailor. His mother was Frances Dorothea née Cresswell (1768–1832), daughter of a distinguished northern family that could trace its ancestry back to the twelfth century and service in the Crusades. The family owned land in Northumberland and were scions of the Cresswells of Bibury, Sidbury and Sherston Pinkney, ancestors of Edward I. Francis adopted the name Cresswell in 1807 when his wife inherited much of the ancestral wealth.

His brother Addison was the Tory MP for North Northumberland between 1841 and 1857.

Education
Cresswell was educated at Charterhouse School, where he was a contemporary of Connop Thirlwall, George Grote and Henry Havelock. He attended Trinity College and then Emmanuel College, Cambridge, where William Henry Maule was his tutor. Graduating BA in 1814, he received the lowest place in the honours list of the entire university. Nonetheless, he was awarded an MA in 1818 and was called to the bar by the Inner Temple in 1819.

Early career
Cresswell began his practice on the northern circuit and fell under the guidance and mentorship of Henry Brougham. Cresswell found his familiarity with his father's nautical career an advantage in the maritime city of Liverpool and he soon established a reputation in commercial and shipping cases. From 1822 to 1830 he was co-author, with Richard Barnewall, of a well-received series of law reports.

From the 1820s, Brougham's and James Scarlett's energies were directed elsewhere and Cresswell became a leader of the northern circuit, being made recorder of Hull in 1830. In 1834 he was made KC and the same year became Attorney General for the County Palatine of Durham.

Cresswell had gained a reputation as a "violent Tory" but was elected as Conservative Party Member of Parliament for Liverpool in the 1837 United Kingdom general election and again in 1841 when he defeated William Ewart. Cresswell was knighted in 1842. A dedicated party-man who loyally followed Sir Robert Peel, Cresswell made little contribution to parliamentary debate. He resigned his parliamentary seat in 1842 when he was made a judge of the Court of Common Pleas by Peel, being knighted at the same time. Cresswell's contributions to the common law were modest. He was a cautious judge, somewhat in awe of chief justice Tindal, and was all too willing to concur rather than to take the lead.

In 1856 Cresswell sat in the Swynfen will case, the case of a contested will that generated extensive satellite litigation including a claim that the plaintiff's counsel, Sir Frederic Thesiger, had been guilty of malpractice in agreeing a settlement without authority. It was further alleged that Cresswell had induced the agreement by suggesting to Thesiger at an early stage that he had formed an unfavourable view of his client's case. At Thesiger's trial, counsel Charles Rann Kennedy described Cresswell's behaviour as being of a "highly criminal nature" amounting to a "fraud" and a "misdemeanour". Cresswell admitted having shared his impressions with Thesiger saying, "If any gentleman had asked me a question about [the trial] I should have answered him", sharing his adverse opinion. While this case raised some negative publicity, no legal action was taken against Cresswell.

The divorce court
In 1858 he was named the first divorce judge-in-ordinary of the new Probate, Divorce and Matrimonial Causes Court which replaced the jurisdiction of the ecclesiastical courts and created the remedy of civil divorce. He was reputedly offered a peerage at the time but declined. He did, however, become a privy councillor. Appointed with bipartisan support, such was the sensitivity of the office, there was some disquiet that a notoriously bad-tempered, confirmed bachelor had been appointed in such a role but Cresswell succeeded superbly in establishing tone, procedure and practice.

The new law increased petitions for divorce one hundredfold and there were fears of chaos but Cresswell took a managerial role in regulating the new flood of litigation. He showed great sensitivity in dealing with genuine grievances but upheld the sanctity of marriage and was capable of being severe when necessary. However, he was also instrumental in moving the legal view of marriage from that based on a sacrament to that based on contract. He worked with colossal speed and energy, deciding over one thousand cases in six years, only one of which was reversed on appeal. He achieved some public fame and huge respect popularly being held as representing the five million married women of Britain. His activities in this field are referred to in Anthony Trollope's Framley Parsonage; "most marriages are fairly happy, in spite of Sir Cresswell Cresswell".

Death
Cresswell died in office, from complications after a fall from his horse in London, and was buried in Kensal Green Cemetery. He was unmarried and had no children so he left his considerable fortune of £35,000 (£2.8 million at 2003 prices ) to charity.

title: Cresswell Cresswell


text:
Talk:Hooray for Boobies

aren't there a few tracks missing? I've seen that track 18 should be "along comes mary". but I don't have the cd to check

Producer credits
I'm quite sure Jimmy Pop is credited as producer on the album. I've added him without deleting the other, but I've never seen the other guy credited anywhere. But okay, it's been a while since I've had the physical album in my hands. TorbenFrost (talk) 18:00, 8 March 2008 (UTC)

A Lap Dance Is So Much Better When the Stripper Is Crying
I'm nearly positive that "Lap Dance" is a parody of "Far Away Eyes" by the Rolling Stones from the album Some Girls, rather than of Red Sovine. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.251.60.106 (talk) 22:12, 3 October 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Hooray.jpg
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BetacommandBot (talk) 22:53, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

Lyrics
What's the problem with "May I have your attention please"? Rojomoke (talk) 08:27, 22 July 2009 (UTC)

"May I have your attention please?"
What was the problem with this line? I just dont get it! 92.19.97.236 (talk) 22:22, 3 August 2009 (UTC)

Missing tracks in international editions
At least my (mexican) copy of the album is missing the two controversy songs. --- Jar G. (talk) 03:04, 29 August 2009 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Hooray for Boobies


text:
Talk:Phil Hall

Vote for Deletion
This article survived a Vote for Deletion. The discussion can be found here. -Splash 08:09, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Phil Hall


text:
Consensual homicide

Consensual homicide refers to a case when one person kills another, with the consent of the person being killed.

Assisted suicide
The most common form of consensual homicide is assisted suicide, most commonly as euthanasia, in which terminally ill people seek assistance from their physicians (or family members) to alleviate their suffering by ending their lives. This practice is legal in some jurisdictions, but remains controversial because of the legal, ethical and practical issues it raises.

Exceptional cases
Suspected serial killer John Bodkin Adams claimed that his patient Edith Alice Morrell—whose murder he was tried for in 1957—had wanted to die. He was controversially found not guilty but later suspected of murdering up to 163 of his patients.

In 1996 a Maryland entrepreneur named Sharon Lopatka arranged for her own torture and strangulation over the Internet.

In 2001, Armin Meiwes, a citizen of Rotenburg, Germany, murdered and cannibalized Bernd Brandes, a willing victim who he had met via the internet. These two cases attracted considerable media attention. Beyond their lurid sexual details, both cases became known for the unique legal challenges presented, including difficulties determining the parties, the fact that the victims had given consent to their own deaths, and the difference between consensual homicide and suicide.

In 2005, Japan, Hiroshi Maeue lured three people using the internet with promises to assist in their suicides, and strangled them. They may have consented to their killings at first, but the method was different from his promise of death by carbon monoxide poisoning. Maeue had previous convictions and his motivation was clearly sexual. He was regarded as a serial killer and was sentenced to death.

Other types

 * Seppuku, the traditional Japanese method of ritual suicide, in many cases works as consensual homicide. After the samurai slices into their stomach with a sword, their assistant, the kaishakunin, is tasked with immediately carrying out a mercy kill - typically by beheading - as without their presence, the process is extremely painful and drawn out. In effect, this turns the ritual from a suicide into an execution.

title: Consensual homicide


text:
Greatest Hits (Run-D.M.C. album)

Greatest Hits is the second compilation album by American hip hop group Run-D.M.C. It was released on September 10, 2002 by Arista Records. While it was argued that hits such as "The Ave.", "Pause" and "Ooh, What'cha Gonna Do?" should have found a place in this release, Run speculated during a Marie Claire interview in 2003 that the album was simply showcasing the group's better known earlier work:

"I want kids to pick up this album and go '..So that's what hip hop sounded like in 1984, cool'. It's not because I dislike any of those [later] records."

After Jam Master Jay's death, the group retired - however for not meeting their contractual obligations with Arista Records, this left Run-D.M.C.'s entire catalog open for exploitation. Since the release of this record, Arista Records has released several other greatest hits albums of Run-D.M.C.'s material.

Fans consider this release as the 'official' greatest hits collection, because it was the last official Run-D.M.C. release before the death of Jam Master Jay.

Track listing

 * 1) "King of Rock"
 * 2) "It's Tricky"
 * 3) "Beats to the Rhyme"
 * 4) "Can You Rock It Like This"
 * 5) "Walk This Way" (featuring Aerosmith)
 * 6) "Run's House"
 * 7) "Rock Box"
 * 8) "Peter Piper"
 * 9) "Mary, Mary"
 * 10) "Hard Times"
 * 11) "You Be Illin'"
 * 12) "It's Like That"
 * 13) "My Adidas"
 * 14) "Sucker M.C.'s (Krush-Groove 1)"
 * 15) "You Talk Too Much"
 * 16) "Jam-Master Jay"
 * 17) "Down with the King" (featuring Pete Rock & CL Smooth)
 * 18) "Christmas in Hollis"

2003 re-release

 * 1) "It's Like That" (featuring Jason Nevins)
 * 2) "Walk This Way" (featuring Aerosmith)
 * 3) "Sucker MC's"
 * 4) "My Adidas"
 * 5) "King of Rock"
 * 6) "It's Tricky"
 * 7) "Can You Rock It Like This"
 * 8) "You Be Illin'"
 * 9) "Rock Box"
 * 10) "Run's House"
 * 11) "Peter Piper"
 * 12) "Bounce"
 * 13) "Beats to the Rhyme"
 * 14) "Jam Master Jay"
 * 15) "Hard Times"
 * 16) "Down with the King"
 * 17) "Mary Mary"
 * 18) "What's It All About"
 * 19) "It's Tricky 2003" (featuring Jacknife Lee)

title: Greatest Hits (Run-D.M.C. album)


text:
Esmond Knight

Esmond Penington Knight (4 May 1906 – 23 February 1987) was an English actor. He had a successful stage and film career before World War II. For much of his later career Knight was half-blind. He had been badly wounded in 1941 while on active service on board HMS Prince of Wales when she fought the Bismarck at the Battle of the Denmark Strait, and remained totally blind for two years, though he later regained some sight in his right eye.

Childhood
Knight was born on 4 May 1906 in East Sheen, Surrey, the third son of Francis and Bertha Knight. His father was involved in the family cigar import business. He was educated at Willington Preparatory School in Putney and then Westminster School.

Early career
He was an accomplished actor with a career spanning over half a century. He established himself in the 1920s on stage. In John Gielgud's 1930 production of Hamlet he played Rosencrantz. He also appeared in films. In Romany Love (1931) he played "a swaggering gypsy who never stopped singing". For The Private Life of Henry VIII (1933), Knight and his uncle C. W. R. Knight trained the falcons used in the hunting scenes. In Alfred Hitchcock's Waltzes from Vienna (1934), he played the lead role as Johann Strauss. Following this, he landed a number of roles in Hollywood films. He travelled to Germany to star in Black Roses (originally Schwarze Rosen, 1935), a film about a Finnish anti-communist. The film was shot in three versions, in English (as Did I Betray?), German, and French. Julius Streicher visited the set during filming. Thereafter Knight appeared in various film and theatre productions in Britain.

Military service
After war was declared, Knight continued to act, appearing in Powell and Pressburger's film Contraband (1940). He sought a naval commission, but after the evacuation of Dunkirk he became involved in training Local Defence Volunteers. In late 1940, he was accepted for naval training. In 1941, Knight was asked to play the lead role of fanatical Nazi Lieutenant Hirth in another Powell and Pressburger propaganda film 49th Parallel (1941), but Eric Portman took the role as Knight was required for military training. He did appear in This England (also 1941), another propaganda film.

After completing his Naval training, Knight was appointed, with the rank of Sub-lieutenant, RNVR, to the battleship HMS Prince of Wales (53). In 1941, the ship received orders to pursue the German battleship Bismarck and the heavy cruiser Prinz Eugen. In the Battle of the Denmark Strait, Knight witnessed the sinking of HMS Hood (51) before being blinded by shrapnel. A shell fired by Bismarck either passed through the bridge of the Prince of Wales and did not explode or exploded near the ship. Either way, fragments from the ship's superstructure hit Knight in the face, causing him to lose an eye and leaving the other severely damaged.

Recuperation
Though blind, Knight insisted that he would continue his acting career. During this period, he dictated an early autobiography to his secretary, Annabella Cloudsley, Seeking the Bubble (Hutchinson & Co. 1943). Knight continued to act in radio productions. Though still totally blind, he also appeared on film, once more as a Nazi villain, in Powell and Pressburger's The Silver Fleet (1943).

During 1943, Knight received a series of treatments from Dr Vincent Nesfield designed to restore sight to his remaining eye. The treatment was a great success, restoring much of Knight's sight. The partial return of his sight made a major difference to his career. He appeared briefly in another Powell and Pressburger film, playing the roles of the village idiot and the "Seven Sisters Soldier" in A Canterbury Tale (1944), also adding the voice-over reading of Chaucer. His major breakthrough back into the mainstream came when he was cast as Fluellen, the brave but eccentric Welsh officer in Laurence Olivier's version of Henry V (1944).

Later career
Knight continued to work with Olivier and with Powell and Pressburger, appearing in the former's Shakespearean films Hamlet (1948) and Richard III (1955). For the latter, he appeared in Black Narcissus (1947) and The Red Shoes (1948). He also starred in Jean Renoir's The River (1951).

Knight was the subject of a This Is Your Life episode in 1957 when he was surprised by Eamonn Andrews at the King's Theatre in Hammersmith, London.

In the film Sink the Bismarck! (1960), he played John Leach, the captain of HMS Prince of Wales, the ship in which he had been serving when he was blinded (though the captain is not named in the film). In the same year he played Jack Cade in the BBC Shakespeare series An Age of Kings.

He starred as Professor Ernest Reinhart in the British science fiction television series A for Andromeda (1961), alongside Patricia Kneale and Peter Halliday.

In Robin and Marian (1976), a film directed by Richard Lester, he played a blind old man who defies Richard I of England. For the role, Knight removed his glass eye.

Personal life
Knight was married twice. He married actress Frances Clare in 1929. The couple had a daughter, actress Rosalind Knight.

During the 1930s, he had a long-running affair with Nora Swinburne, of which his wife was aware. She was also an actress who appeared with him in several stage plays. After a short-lived attempt to end the affair, Knight left Frances for Nora. The couple married in 1946 and remained together until his death.

Death
Knight died of a heart attack in London	on 23 February 1987.

Stage

 * The Wild Duck – Pax Robertson's Salon, London (1925)
 * Various Shakespeare productions – full season, Old Vic (1926)
 * Everyman – The Old Vic, London (1926)
 * Various productions – Children's Theatre, London (1928)
 * Hamlet – Queen's Theatre, London (with John Gielgud and Donald Wolfit) (1930)
 * Full Season – King's Theatre, Hammersmith (1939)
 * Full Season – Royal Shakespeare Company, Stratford-upon-Avon (1948–1949)
 * Caesar and Cleopatra – St James's Theatre, London (with Laurence Olivier, Peter Cushing and Vivien Leigh) (1951)
 * The Emperor's New Clothes – Ethel Barrymore Theatre, New York (with Lee J. Cobb) (1953)
 * Full Season – The Old Vic, London (1962–1963)
 * Agincourt – The Archer's Tale – Royal Exchange Theatre, Manchester (one man show) (1973)
 * The Family Reunion – Royal Exchange Theatre, Manchester (with Edward Fox) (1973 & 1979)
 * Crime and Punishment adapted by Paul Bailey. Directed by Michael Elliott at the Royal Exchange, Manchester (1978)
 * Moby-Dick – Royal Exchange Theatre, Manchester (with Brian Cox) (1983–1984)

Filmography

 * The Blue Peter (1928) as Radio Operator (film debut)
 * The Ringer (1931) as John Lenley
 * 77 Park Lane (1931) as Philip Connor
 * Romany Love (1931) as Davy Summers
 * The Bermondsey Kid (1933) as Eddie Martin
 * Waltzes From Vienna (1934) as Johann Strauss
 * Lest We Forget (1934) as Pat Doyle Jr.
 * Father and Son (1934) as Michael Bolton
 * Girls Will Be Boys (1934) as Geoffrey Dawson
 * Dandy Dick (1935) as Tony Mardon
 * Crime Unlimited (1935) as Pete Borden
 * Someday (1935) as Curley Blake
 * Pagliacci (1936) as Cadet Silvio
 * The Vicar of Bray (1937) as Dennis Melross
 * Weddings Are Wonderful (1938) as Guy Rogers
 * The Arsenal Stadium Mystery (1939) as Raille – Trojan Team Member
 * Contraband (1940) as Mr. Pidgeon
 * Fingers (1941) as Sid Harris
 * This England (1941) as Vicar's Son
 * The Silver Fleet (1943) as Von Schiffer
 * The Halfway House (1944) as David Davies
 * A Canterbury Tale (1944) as Narrator (non-US versions)/Seven-Sisters Soldier/Village Idiot
 * Henry V (1944) as Fluellen – Captain in the English Army
 * Black Narcissus (1947) as The Old General
 * Holiday Camp (1947) as Camp Announcer
 * Uncle Silas (1947) as Dr. Bryerly
 * The End of the River (1947) as Dantos
 * Hamlet (1948) as Bernardo
 * The Red Shoes (1948) as Livy
 * Gone to Earth (1950) as Abel Woodus
 * The River (1951) as The Father
 * Girdle of Gold (1952) as Evans the Milk
 * The Steel Key (1953) as Prof. Newman
 * Richard III (1955) as Ratcliffe
 * Helen of Troy (1956) as High Priest
 * The Prince and the Showgirl (1957) as Hoffman
 * Battle of the V-1 (1958) as Stricker
 * Sink the Bismarck! (1960) as Captain Leach (Prince of Wales)
 * Peeping Tom (1960) as Arthur Baden
 * Decision at Midnight (1963) as Peter Hauser
 * The Spy Who Came in from the Cold (1965) as Old Judge
 * The Winter's Tale (1967) as Camillo
 * Where's Jack? (1969) as Ballad Singer
 * Anne of the Thousand Days (1969) as Kingston
 * Elizabeth R (1971) as Bishop de Quadra
 * The Boy Who Turned Yellow (1972) as Doctor
 * Robin and Marian (1976) as Old Defender
 * The Man in the Iron Mask (1977) as Armand
 * Sir Henry at Rawlinson End (1980) (uncredited)
 * A Voyage Round My Father (1982) as Judge
 * King Lear (1983) as Old Man
 * The Element of Crime (1984) as Osborne
 * Sleeping Murder (1987) as Mr. Galbraith
 * Superman IV: The Quest for Peace (1987) as 2nd Elder (final film)

Television

 * The Invisible Man (1959) as Wilson
 * An Age of Kings (1960) as Jack Cade
 * Deadline Midnight (1960) as Edward Lee
 * A for Andromeda (1961) as Professor Ernest Reinhart
 * Danger Man (1961) as Baron
 * The Saint (1962) as Antoine Louvois
 * Z Cars (1969) as Albert Wallace
 * Doctor Who – (The Space Pirates) (1969) as Dom Issigri
 * The Rivals of Sherlock Holmes (1971) as Captain Cutler
 * Public Eye (1972) - Many a Slip - as Dr Stowe
 * Arthur of the Britons (1973) as Athel
 * Fall of Eagles (1974) as General Ruzski
 * I, Claudius (1976) as Domitius
 * Return of the Saint (1978) as Paul Hanson
 * Rebecca (1979) as Coroner
 * Romeo and Juliet (1980) as Old Capulet
 * Antony and Cleopatra (1981) as Lepidus
 * The Borgias (1981) as Cardinal Gian Battista Orsini
 * I Remember Nelson (1982) as Elderly Guest
 * My Cousin Rachel (1983) as Sam Bates
 * The Invisible Man (1984) as Blind Man
 * Fortunes of War (1987) as Liversage (last appearance)

title: Esmond Knight


text:
Veterans for Peace

Veterans for Peace is an organization founded in 1985. Initially made up of US military veterans of World War II, the Korean War and the Vietnam War - later including veterans of the Gulf War, the War in Afghanistan and the Iraq War - as well as peacetime veterans and non-veterans, it has since spread overseas and has an active offshoot in the United Kingdom (which has effectively replaced the former 'Ex-Services CND' organization). The group works to promote alternatives to war.

The organization has opposed the military policies of the United States, NATO and Israel, and has opposed military actions and threats to Russia, Iraq, Afghanistan, Iran, Libya and Syria.

Foundation
The stated objective of the group is as follows:

 * We draw on our personal experiences and perspectives gained as veterans to raise public awareness of the true costs and consequences of militarism and war - and to seek peaceful, effective alternatives."

Veterans For Peace was founded and incorporated as a non-profit organization in the state of Maine on July 8, 1985. It was approved by the Internal Revenue Service as a 501(c)(3) tax-exempt educational organization that year. It was also recognized as a United Nations non-governmental organization (NGO) in 1990. VFP's first permanent representative to the United Nations was Benjamin Weintraub of Staten Island, New York, who was seated in 1990. Chapters and members are active in communities throughout the United States, Puerto Rico, and Viet Nam. National conventions are held annually and members communicate through quarterly newsletters as well as daily listserve news, online discussion groups as well as the national and chapter websites. Veterans for Peace has a national office in Saint Louis, Missouri and members across the country, both organized in chapters and at-large.

At least one unrelated anti-war group from the Vietnam War era had a similar name: "Veterans for Peace in Viet-Nam" participated in a number of demonstrations in 1967. And another demonstration in Washington, DC. Yet another group with a similar name may also have existed at the time of the Korean War.

Anti-war activities
VFP first began organizing major anti-war protests in 1987 when, on Easter Sunday, hundreds of its members marched on President Reagan's "Western White House" in California, and Vice President Bush's vacation home in Kennebunkport, Maine, protesting U.S. support for the Nicaraguan Contra counter-revolution.

Starting in 2003, Veterans for Peace became a major participant of protests against the Iraq War.

In 2004, its Southern California chapters began installing Arlington West, a weekly "temporary cemetery" in tribute to those killed in the war in Iraq, each Sunday in Santa Barbara and Santa Monica, California.

In August 2005, Veterans For Peace Member, Desert storm veteran Dennis Kyne lead a group of veterans in support of Cindy Sheehan, the mother of a US Army soldier killed in Iraq who embarked on an extended anti-war vigil near the ranch of US President George W. Bush in Crawford, Texas. On August 5, 2005, Sheehan spoke at the organization's 20th annual convention in Dallas, Texas, just a day before traveling to Crawford to begin her vigil. Members traveled from California to install an Arlington West display at "Camp Casey", the site of Sheehan's protest.

In March 2006, Veterans For Peace and coalition partners Iraq Veterans Against the War, Gold Star Families for Peace, and Military Families Speak Out joined with Hurricane Katrina survivors and the relief and rebuilding organizations Savin' Ourselves After Katrina, Common Ground Collective, and Bayou Liberty Relief, as well as a number of African-American churches along the Gulf Coast on a march from Mobile, Alabama to New Orleans, Louisiana. Originally titled the Veterans and Survivors March, it quickly took on the moniker of Walkin' to New Orleans, in tribute to the famous song by Fats Domino. The marchers traveled the Gulf Coast advocating an immediate end to the war in Iraq and redirection of funds to help rebuild areas Katrina damaged not only in New Orleans, but also in Mississippi, and Alabama.

According to Vets for Peace - Peace Action Network, "The military has a clear and dangerous presence at Milwaukee's Summerfest" (June 26 - July 6, 2008). "One exhibit is especially offensive: kids as young as 13 years old can aim automatic weapons from atop a humvee at a large screen to virtually kill people."

Veterans for Peace participated in an anti-war demonstration held on the White House sidewalk in December 2010; dozens were arrested, including Ray McGovern, Daniel Ellsberg, Chris Hedges and a number of Veterans for Peace members.

In 2016, the US Peace Memorial Foundation awarded the US Peace Prize to the group “In recognition of heroic efforts to expose the causes and costs of war and to prevent and end armed conflict.”

Issues
Veterans for Peace takes positions on a number of issues which generally oppose the military policy of the United States, NATO and its allies against nations such as Iran, Russia, Palestine and Syria.

Veterans affairs
Members and chapters actively participate in efforts to save VA healthcare and defend veterans rights; to provide counseling through the GI Rights Hotline to active duty military needing assistance; and providing alternative information to counter military recruiters in the schools.

In April 1986, VFP protested the judicial execution of David Funchess, a Vietnam War veteran who was electrocuted in Florida for a double murder despite exhibiting signs of severe post-traumatic stress disorder from his service that may have affected his moral culpability in the murders he committed. VFP set up a round-the-clock vigil at the Florida Vietnam War Memorial in the days leading up to Funchess's execution. Members of VFP called Funchess a "forgotten man" and protested that neither Florida Governor Bob Graham nor the state and federal courts had taken Funchess's PTSD into enough consideration when refusing to commute his death sentence to life imprisonment.

Central America
In the 1980s, VFP opposed US-sponsored wars in Central America. On Easter Sunday, Apr 19, 1987, VFP members marched on President Reagan's Western White House in California, and Vice President Bush's vacation home in Kennebunkport, Maine, protesting U.S. intervention in Central America. From May 4–18, 1987, sixteen members of VFP representing eight states traveled through Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua conducting site visits and interviews with high level government, military, religious and private sector elders, and talking with many average citizens. Following their return, they published a 40-page delegation report that was distributed to 5,000 opinion leaders in the United States including members of the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives, the heads of many government offices and agencies, church, labor, and educational leaders, and media pace setters. In 1988, many VFP members participated in the Veterans Peace Convoy which was intended to truck medical and humanitarian aid to the suffering children of Nicaragua. Though the convoy was stopped by U.S. Customs and Treasury officials in Texas at the Laredo border checkpoint, on June 15, 1988, the vehicles were off-loaded into containers at a Texas port facility and about 95% of the cargo reached its destination in Nicaragua. In July 1988, VFP member Joe Ryan, an environmental scientist, of Tallahassee, Florida, established VFP's Nicaragua Environmental Science Project. Ryan spent two years working in Nicaragua training pollution control teams how to correct water contamination problems. The project was credited with significantly reducing the nation's infant mortality rate. Also in July 1988, VFP member Randy Parent of Caribou, Maine, drove a truckload of smelting and casting equipment to Guatemala where he established the Pro-Tierra Machine Tool Project to train members of several indigenous tribes how to make farm tools for the 100,000 members of the Pro-Tierra land reform movement. VFP regularly sends election observers to Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and El Salvador.

Yugoslav wars
Within a year of the start of the Yugoslav Wars in 1991, it was announced the hospitals in several cities were no longer functional, and thousands of refugees had fled to the mountains. As the refugees were ill-equipped to face the coming winter, many were expected to perish. VFP's UN-NGO representative Ben Weintraub was instructed to offer U.N. officials whatever assistance VFP could provide in helping to deliver medical and humanitarian aid. Following discussions with the International Organization for Migration (IOM), another UN-NGO, the VFP National Office began contacting hospitals around the U.S. requesting pro bono services for any war wounded children that could be evacuated. Within weeks VFP had secured pro bono space and services for over 100 wounded children, but IOM had been able to evacuate very few due to Serbian, Croatian, and U.N. political constraints. In response, VFP organized the Children of War Rescue Project, and with assistance from contacts in the U.K., chief among them John Morrison of the Ex-Services Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, and over 200 other British volunteers, a 63 vehicle convoy including 50 ambulances was staged at Brighton, England. Seven VFP volunteers including three physicians also joined the convoy that traveled almost non-stop for five days and nights. The convoy stopped only to regroup in Croatia. A Spanish battalion of U.N. protection forces assisted with armored vehicles in the evacuation of over 22 wounded children from East Mostar, Bosnia, including at least one family member accompanying each child. The children were airlifted to Ancona, Italy, and once stabilized, from there to hospitals throughout western Europe and the United States. In all, pro bono space and medical services were provided for about 50 wounded Bosnian, Croatian, and Serbian children through the project.

War on Terror
In the immediate aftermath of 9/11, VFP called for restraint while agreeing that: "...the hijacked airplane attacks on the World Trade Towers and the Pentagon a grievous assault upon innocence; a cause for outrage, sadness and disbelief....At this critical point, we believe it is essential to recognize that terrorists do not represent, nor are representative, of any community or country as a whole. We must not allow terrorism the power to create fear, suspicion and hatred -- or to direct our nation's domestic and foreign policies. We must not surrender to the cycle of retaliatory violence these angry people would push us into. Instead, we must come together and support each other, with faith and trust." Veterans For Peace seeks to protect civil liberties that they believe are threatened by the Patriot Act and other similar legislation.

War in Iraq and Afghanistan
When the U.S. government threatened invasion of Iraq, VFP conducted public forums, met with elected representatives and participated in marches to express its opposition. As the war began, VFP gathered in Washington, DC, with other veterans groups for Operation Dire Distress. The organization participated in the Bring Them Home Now campaign and supports the Iraq Veterans Against the War.

Local chapters continue to conduct educational forums, demonstrations, and ongoing Iraq memorial displays such as Arlington West (portrayed in the documentary Arlington West: The Film) to remember the growing human cost of the war, to end the occupation, and to bring U.S. troops home.

VFP Chapter 14 in Gainesville, Florida has for the last eight years installed a display of small headstone replicas along a one-mile stretch of road in town which they call the Memorial Mile. Rows of 4 "tombstones" and columns of about $1 1/2$-mile long represent every person killed since the beginning of war in Afghanistan to the very day of installation. Every single marker can be located for a friend or loved one to visit, and often remembrances or flowers are left by friends and relatives. From Sat. Morning to Monday evening on Memorial Day weekend VFP members and volunteers guard the memorial in shifts. The community has welcomed this tribute to the fallen service men and women and Chapter 14 continues to do this until all the troops come home.

Impeachment of George W. Bush
In 2005 and 2007, VFP called for the impeachment of President Bush. In a letter sent to each member of the U.S. House and Senate, Veterans For Peace stated that "this administration's war on Iraq, in addition to being increasingly unpopular among Americans, is an unmistakable violation of our Constitution and federal law which you have sworn to uphold. In our system, the remedy for such high crimes is clear: this administration must be impeached."

Israel-Palestine
Veterans For Peace issued a statement on Israel's 2006 invasion of Lebanon condemning the targeting of civilians by both sides and the "unjustified and totally disproportionate use of force and violence by the IDF (Israel Defense Forces)." In 2009 it issued a statement against Israel's attacks on Gaza condemning attacks on civilians both sides and stating "Bombings, rocket attacks, blockading medical supplies and military invasions will not lead to peace and security but will perpetuate the cycle of death, destruction, fear and insecurity among the people of all countries, including the U.S."

VFP was a sponsor for the Boston March for Palestine which demanded to "Free Palestine! No war on Iran or Syria! and Boycott Israel!" along with the Boston Coalition for Palestinian Rights and the Palestine Task Force of United for Justice with Peace. Members of the Palestine Working Group support remembrance of Al Nakba, and have made visits to Gaza and participated in "efforts to break the blockade of essential supplies to the area, including the Gaza Flotilla".

War against Iran
VFP agrees with the Iranian complaint that NATO seeks to "surround and threaten the nation of Iran". In 2012, the group stated that "Iran does not have a nuclear bomb. The U.S. intelligence agencies unanimously confirm this and say that Iran has not made the decision to build a nuclear weapon. Yet Iran has three neighbors that possess nuclear arsenals—India, Israel, and Pakistan." VFP endorsed United for Peace and Justice position against a War against Iran.

Humanitarian intervention in Syria and Libya
In 2012, VFP opposed military “humanitarian intervention” in Libya and in Syria as "opposition to all war is the official position of VFP because we know that peace cannot be realized by waging war."

Drones
Veterans For Peace joined Code Pink, World Can't Wait and Afghans For Peace to protest Drones in Chicago in 2012. On their national calendar, April 2013 was marked as the "No Drone" action month. Chapters across the nation held actions, protesting the use of drones.

NATO
VFP has called for the dissolution of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization as a "NATO has always been a war-making institution lacking in accountability to the peoples of the nations it claims to represent." VFP states that NATO has waged wars of aggression against Yugoslavia, Iraq, Afghanistan, and Libya. VFP states that NATO maintains nuclear weapons in violation of the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty. They back Russia's protest that Russia is threatened by missile base construction on its borders. VFP cites Saudi Arabia, Bahrain and Mubarak as examples where NATO did not address human rights abuses by dictators who supported NATO, and charges that NATO supports "Israel's expansionist agenda".

Agent Orange
VFP works with other Vietnam veterans, Vietnamese-Americans, and the Vietnam Agent Orange Relief and Responsibility Campaign (VAORRC) to secure justice and compensation for the Vietnamese victims of dioxin-contaminated Agent Orange and other herbicides that were sprayed over more than 1/8 of the land of southern Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia during the American portion of the Vietnam War.

School of the Americas
Each year VFP members from across the country go to Fort Benning, Georgia, to demonstrate for the closing of the Army's controversial School of the Americas, a training center for thousands of soldiers from Latin American countries which VFP identifies as having "long records of human rights abuses".

Korea
After revelations of the massacres of civilians by U.S. soldiers during the Korean War, VFP sent several fact-finding delegations to investigate these allegations and bring the hidden history of that war before the public. They continue to work for an end to that conflict through their Korea Peace Campaign.

Vieques
The VFP has actively supported the end of the U.S. Navy's use of the island-municipality of Vieques, Puerto Rico for bombing target practice. VFP continues to support current efforts for cleaning up the environment.

Colombia
VFP sent fact-finding delegations to Colombia and educated Americans about US military involvement, the murder of union leaders by para-militaries and other human rights abuses, including the use of harmful chemical defoliants in the War on Drugs.

Government monitoring and infiltration
According to FOIA documents obtained by the ACLU in 2006, VFP was among the peace groups targeted by FBI monitoring and infiltration by the FBI and local law enforcement terrorism task forces that targeted environmental, anti-war and faith-based groups.

title: Veterans for Peace


text:
Wiley Post–Will Rogers Memorial Airport

Wiley Post–Will Rogers Memorial Airport, often referred to as Post/Rogers Memorial, is a public airport located in Utqiaġvik (formerly Barrow), the largest city and borough seat of the North Slope Borough of the U.S. state of Alaska. The airport is owned by the state. Situated on the Chukchi Sea at a latitude of 71.29°N, the airport is the farthest north of any in US territory. The airport is named after American humorist Will Rogers and aviator Wiley Post, both of whom died about 9 mi away at Point Barrow in a 1935 airplane crash.

Facilities and aircraft
Wiley Post–Will Rogers Memorial Airport has one asphalt paved runway (8/26) measuring 7100 x.

For the 12-month period ending 11 January 2011, the airport had 12,010 aircraft operations, an average of 33 per day: 50% air taxi, 37% general aviation, 12% scheduled commercial and fewer than 1% military. At that time there were eight aircraft based at this airport: one jet, three helicopters, one multi-engine, and three single-engine.

Passenger
Prior to its bankruptcy and cessation of all operations, Ravn Alaska served the airport from multiple locations.

title: Wiley Post–Will Rogers Memorial Airport


text:
Template talk:Vowels

Too big
I think this template is a bit too big to fit at the top of the article. It's crowding the lead and fighting for space with the smaller IPA-template. Could we restyle it to make it go in the center (I'm not sure how to do this) and stick it down at the bottom, just like the consonant template?

Peter Isotalo 08:14, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

Subst
At a minimum, subst'ing in the IPA vowel chart will reduce the width (addressing the earlier comment here) and decouple the logically separate tasks of navigating the vowel articles versus describing the IPA vowel symbols. Subst'ing was also discussed in the context of navigating vowels that don't have dedicated IPA symbols, at Templates for deletion/Log/2008 November 16. Pi zero (talk) 10:45, 2 December 2008 (UTC)

Vowel length
Per this edit summary, I'm not convinced that we need to mention vowel length at all. Partly because it's not featured but also partly because it's not always true. It's also possible to feature longer vowels by doubling the vowel. — Æµ§œš¹  [aɪm ˈfɻɛ̃ⁿdˡi] 05:36, 13 December 2009 (UTC)

Caption problem
✅ Hey, isn't the caption wrong? In the diagram, the  un rounded vowels precede the bullet, and the rounded vowels follow it. But the caption says:
 * Before and after a bullet are the rounded·unrounded vowels.

The ordering is backwards, isn't it? --Byako (talk) 05:24, 21 June 2010 (UTC)
 * You're right, I'll change it. The official IPA chart at commons writes "vowels at right & left of bullets are rounded & unrounded": the r-to-l did it. -DePiep (talk) 08:26, 21 June 2010 (UTC)

Merger proposal
See discussion here: Template talk:CSS IPA vowel chart. -DePiep (talk) 09:39, 21 June 2010 (UTC)

Merging IPA/non-IPA symbols: Roundup & solution
More actual developments here. -DePiep (talk) 14:12, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

Template cooperation with infobox IPA
Topic continued from here: Æµ§œš¹  [aɪm ˈfɹ̠ˤʷɛ̃ɾ̃ˡi] writes: "One thing to do is have the navbox combine with the stats at the top so that we have a sort of infobox+navigation setup."
 * I understand this is about cooperation of this IPA vowel chart template, and the infobox IPA (actually infobox IPA base), while they are next to or near each other. Example: Mid central vowel.
 * Question: what would be the proposed layout? Both on one row, and then infobox or chart utmost right? Or on top of each other, which one atop?
 * Note, we should not merge these two templates, because the vowel chart is used in other, more general articles as well, e.g. Central_vowel (don't get mislead by the enveloping navbox thing. It's about the vowel chart). -DePiep (talk) 16:01, 26 July 2010 (UTC)
 * Since the two are roughly the same size, I'd think we could have them side-by-side, though there might be conventions I'm not familiar with that would compell us to do it top down. — Æµ§œš¹  [aɪm ˈfɹ̠ˤʷɛ̃ɾ̃ˡi] 00:59, 27 July 2010 (UTC)
 * Indeed. I suggest the chart being the rightmost? I might be playing in the sandbox later on. -DePiep (talk) 02:11, 27 July 2010 (UTC)

✅ -DePiep (talk) 12:56, 27 July 2010 (UTC)

title: Template talk:Vowels


text:
Talk:Edinburgh Napier University

Bar 12
I thought this bar was closed ? Redwing 08:15, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

Not that I want to be picky about two letters...
...but can we please refer to Tavish Scott as a "Liberal Democrat" politician, which is how I imagine he and most other people would describe him (and is the term generally used on Wikipedia, as far as I've seen), rather than "Liberal Demoratic". Unless the Labour politicians are to become "Labourite" :-) —Whouk (talk) 01:27, 10 February 2006 (UTC)

 * I've changed it to "Labour/Liberal Democrat MP", thus avoiding the need to use the party name as an adjective... Shimgray | talk | 21:32, 12 February 2006 (UTC)

joint 90th
out of about 100 universities. the next sentence makes that seem like a positive thing.

Motto?
What is the source for the university's motto "nisi sapientia frustra"? Googling that phrase (in quotes), this page is the only result. Searching the university website for "motto" doesn't find anything relevant. And if that is the motto, a translation would be nice. --Vclaw 23:27, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I can't for the life of me remember where I found it now. I think it was from Googling, so the page it was from must have disappeared since. I can't find a source for it now so I've commented it out. —Wh o uk (talk) 07:29, 16 May 2006 (UTC)

University ratings
(I'm posting this to all articles on UK universities as so far discussion hasn't really taken off on WikiProject Universities.)

There needs to be a broader convention about which university rankings to include in articles. Currently it seems most pages are listing primarily those that show the institution at its best (or worst in a few cases). See Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Universities. Timrollpickering 22:06, 21 December 2006 (UTC)
 * "Edinburgh Napier is in the top five per cent of universities worldwide, according to the THE World University Rankings in 2016. ". That is marvellous if correct, but the citation is for 2020 and gives a place in the "800-1000th" bracket, which doesn't evidently match "top five per cent". Explanation, please.  Errantius (talk) 05:30, 28 July 2020 (UTC)

No, it wasn't. And if the article had been accessed on the date cited, it would have shown the 2017 rankings as that ranking group posts under the following year, i.e., it's 2020 and the ranking is posted as 2021. I edited it and linked to the wayback machine to provide proof in my explanation. I'm guessing some daydreamer mistook Edinburgh uni for this one, or it was simply a poorly crafted lie. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 1.64.64.198 (talk) 13:50, 15 October 2020 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Cdcs logo.png
Image:Cdcs logo.png is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 01:53, 1 August 2007 (UTC)

Mooted merger?
"Queen Margaret University has been considering merging with Napier University as an option to arrest its financial situation - described as potentially "terminal" in an internal paper." - http://www.sundayherald.com/news/heraldnews/display.var.2471795.0.university_may_merge_to_solve_financial_crisis.php Worthy of a mention? --Mais oui! (talk) 07:47, 30 November 2008 (UTC)

Updating for factual accuracy
As part of an ongoing process, I am updating the Edinburgh Napier University page for accuracy as many facts and figures have not been updated for five years or more. I am employed by the University in a communications capacity but I am restricting edits to matters of fact rather than anything promotional.

Thanks

Mrsquirrel Mrsquirrel (talk) 14:38, 28 October 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Edinburgh Napier University. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090207090358/http://www.napier.ac.uk/aboutus/history/Documents/CampusHistory.pdf to http://www.napier.ac.uk/aboutus/history/Documents/CampusHistory.pdf

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 10:47, 17 September 2017 (UTC)

UPDATE: logo has been updated Mrsquirrel (talk) 14:29, 1 February 2021 (UTC)

New logo required
The University now has an updated logo as per its Brand Hub: https://brandhub.napier.ac.uk/d/5v8NFy6tUKYc/university-identity#/guidelines/logo

I can't work out how to change it in the template box so any help welcomed.

Cheers Mrsquirrel (talk) 16:45, 28 January 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Edinburgh Napier University


text: User talk:70.176.56.160

title: User talk:70.176.56.160


text:
Michelle Perry

Michelle Perry (born May 1, 1979 in Los Angeles, California) is an American athlete. At the 2004 Summer Olympics she placed 14th overall in the heptathlon competition. Later, at the 2005 World Championships in Athletics, she earned a gold medal in the 100 m hurdles with a time of 12.66 seconds. Her current personal record in the event is 12.43 seconds.

Perry attended Quartz Hill High School in Lancaster, California and finished second in the 1997 CIF California State Meet in the Long jump.

At the 2007 World Championships in Athletics in Osaka, Japan she successfully defended her title with another 100 m hurdles gold medal performance; winning in a time of 12.46 seconds. The result was surrounded by some debate since she ran on the next lane (Susanna Kallur's lane) and some think she made contact with the Swede over the last hurdle. Despite television evidence, there was no official decision as the Swedish protest was filed too late.

Perry missed out on a spot for the 2008 Beijing Olympics, but made the team for the 2009 World Championships in Athletics. However, she was unable to defend her title as she entered the competition with a knee injury and was eliminated in the first round. She missed the 2010 and 2011 seasons due to injury and pregnancy.

Audio interviews

 * Michelle reflects on her 2007 and second consecutive 100m World Championship gold medal

title: Michelle Perry


text:
User:Redwing

Hi lads, you can visit my french page.

fr:Utilisateur:Redwing

title: User:Redwing


text: User talk:68.48.145.1

title: User talk:68.48.145.1


text:
User talk:Tintin1107/WI

Shouldn't some mention be made of the tours to South Africa that were led by Laurence Rowe? jguk 08:20, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

It is there - the second paragraph in the 1980s. Tintin 08:21, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Tintin1107/WI


text:
Talk:Royal Fusiliers

Edits to 10th (Service) Battalion
I don’t know where the previous figure of 400 men of the Stockbrokers’ Battalion came from, but I’ve edited it to show the figure that is stated by Carter (2014): according to Carter this comprised 440 KiAs, 249 DoWs, and 53 MiAs. A further 1958 were wounded, but survived, taking their total casualties to precisely 2700, assuming that Carter’s data are accurate.

On a wider point, the laxness in specifying casualties and losses in Wikipedia is dreadful, and needs tightening up! I suspect that the 400 came from someone reading that 408 other ranks (i.e. excluding officers) had been KiA, and decided that 400 was ‘close enough for government work’. However, this figure excludes the 32 officers who were also KiA (don’t they count?), the 249 who died of wounds (and were therefore just as dead), and the 53 missing in action, who in the context of the Western Front, were almost certainly dead as well. To count only the KiAs and only those among the ORs, then to round it down to the nearest hundred, is doing a disservice to the others who died.

I’ve also added ‘and others from the area’, because only a minority were actually stockbrokers, or even worked at the Stock Exchange. The majority were clerks and other workers from the City of London and surrounding districts. (Of one sample of 331 volunteers mentioned by Carter, only 168 were known to have had jobs in stockbroking, banking, insurance, and trading; others included gardeners, surveyors, engineers, and a wide variety of other occupations.)

Also, is the 10th (Service) Battalion is sufficiently well documented to warrant its own page? There’s more than enough peer-reviewed evidence available. --Wally Tharg (talk) 12:20, 31 December 2017 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 17:49, 14 January 2022 (UTC)
 * Royal Fusiliers Cap badge and Crest.jpg

title: Talk:Royal Fusiliers


text:
Sologne

Sologne is a natural region in Centre-Val de Loire, France, extending over portions of the departements of Loiret, Loir-et-Cher and Cher. Its area is about 5000 km2. To its north is the river Loire, to its south the river Cher, while the districts of Sancerre and Berry are to its east. Its inhabitants are known as the Solognots (masculine) and Solognotes (feminine).

Its name is thought to derive either from the Latin sœcalonia ("rye country") or sabulonia ("sandy country").

Geography
The Sologne is watered by the Cosson and the Beuvron, tributaries of the Loire, and the Sauldre, a tributary of the Cher, all three having a west-south-westerly direction. The pools and marshes which are characteristic of the region are due to the impermeability of its soil, which is a mixture of sand and clay.

The main towns of Sologne are:
 * Orléans (the most southern part of the city (La Source) and the university have been built in the woods of Sologne)
 * Romorantin-Lanthenay (which hosts the Museum of Sologne)
 * La Ferté-Saint-Aubin
 * Salbris
 * Lamotte-Beuvron
 * Aubigny-sur-Nère

History
In the middle of the 19th century Napoleon III led the way in the reclamation of swamps, the planting of pines and other trees and other land alterations. Arable farming and stock-raising are fairly flourishing in the Sologne, but there is little manufacturing activity, the cloth manufacture of Romorantin being the chief industry. Game is abundant, and the region owes much of its revived prosperity to the creation of large sporting estates.

Cultural references
In the early 18th century, Jean-Philippe Rameau composed a famous harpsichord piece, Les Niais de Sologne, whose name translates as "the simpletons of Sologne". The form is a rondo with two episodes that are variations on the main section. Despite the title (which may allude to the meandering melody throughout), its use of ornamentation denotes a work of great subtlety and sophistication.

The book Le Grand Meaulnes by Alain-Fournier is set in the region of Sologne and mentions several places, such as Bourges, Vierzon, and the Cher. It is somewhere in this region where Meaulnes becomes lost and stumbles across the mysterious estate.

Many stories and essays of Maurice Genevoix are set in Sologne.

UN World Heritage Site
The Chateau de Chambord is situated in the region.

title: Sologne