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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The Champion of the Thames

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was No Consensus. R e  dwolf24  (talk) 04:52, 7 September 2005 (UTC)

The Champion of the Thames
It doesn't have the history of the Eagle, nor does have the traditional interior of the Queen's Head in Newton. Maybe the entry can go next door to Wikitravel, but it doesn't belong here. Pilatus 15:13, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep --Quasipalm 15:51, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep HoratioVitero 16:28, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep or merge with Pubs in Cambridge or somewhere. Kappa 17:32, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. The comic novel Porterhouse Blue is great fun - I recommend it. But being obliquely referenced in one novel doesn't make the pub notable to me. --Finbarr Saunders 17:45, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The initial editor of that article thanks you warmly! (And you know I'm biased on Cambridge pubs so I'm staying out of it). Alf 19:28, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete Another nn pub. Dottore So 17:47, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, has a literary mention, and we should keep or merge it anyway. Trollderella 17:53, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, nn. It's dark and grisly inside too. -Splash 19:36, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete WP:NOT a pub guide. --TimPope 19:52, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Again with the Cambridge! I kind of liked the Champion, nice crowd. But a mention in Porterhouse Blue (a veritable orgy of Cambridge in-jokes) is not quite enough for notability, IMO. If the article were enlarged to establish some history and context for its notability, then I'll change my vote. Sdedeo 20:10, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, worth it if only for the explanation of the name. Old pub's in the UK have wonderful names which almost assert notability by themselves.  If you had a pub named after you, you were famous. Hiding  talk 21:46, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I'd rather put the Boat Race connection into the article on the Boat Race. The pub itself is a nasty indiscriminate undergraduate watering hole for the kids from Jesus. Pilatus 14:37, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete per nominator. Groeck 22:25, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Jachin 22:31, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak Keep per Hiding --195.92.168.175 00:06, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak keep - the article is poor as it is, but it probably has encyclopedic potential. What about a photo? See also Village pump (policy). Bovlb 05:33:02, 2005-08-30 (UTC)
 * Strong delete, yet again another nn pub. Zoe 07:52, August 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Category:Dutch films

Articles in this category are Dutch films.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Dutch films


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File:Viviva.jpg

Vikasa vidya vanam

title: File:Viviva.jpg


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User:CDA/sign

- These are my notes about a future article about hand signals -

 * Gestuno
 * Sign language
 * List of sign languages

From the old book - GESTURE SIGNALS USED BY BOY SCOUTS, MILITARY MEN, INDIANS, HUNTERS, COWBOYS, AND POLICEMEN  Indian Sign Language  Top 200 Signs IMPORTANT

Silent Universal Signals for Public Safety and Education Professionals©

Online dictionaries ASL PRO video only A Free ASL Educational Website Featuring Over 6,000 Signs http://www.aslpro.com/

Quicktime  Baby Signs movies

scuba signs 10 extra signs

water skiing signs
 * While a skier is waiting in the water for the boat to come back around after a fall, have the skier raise whatever equipment they have high in the air so approaching boats can see the skier in the water.
 * Draw your flat hand across your neck, in a cutting motion, to ask the driver to cut the motor.
 * Clasp your hands together over your head to indicate "skier OK" after a fall.
 * Hold your ski up and pointing out of the water to indicate that you wish to be picked up.

snowmobiling signs canada about 8 signs

international driving signs

mudras

title: User:CDA/sign


text: Category:History of Canberra

title: Category:History of Canberra


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Philippe-Joseph Aubert de Gaspé

Philippe-Joseph Aubert de Gaspé (30 October 1786 – 29 January 1871) was a Canadian lawyer, writer, and seigneur. He is known chiefly for his novel Les Anciens Canadiens, considered the first classic of French Canadian fiction.

Biography
He was born in Quebec City in 1786, the son of seigneur Pierre-Ignace Aubert de Gaspé and Catherine Tarieu de Lanaudière, the daughter of seigneur Charles-François Tarieu de La Naudière. The Aubert de Gaspé family was distinguished, ennobled by Louis XIV in 1693. Philippe-Joseph's grandfather, Ignace-Philippe Aubert de Gaspé, fought under Louis-Joseph de Montcalm at Carillon (Ticonderoga). Later Joseph inherited the family estate on the St. Lawrence River.

Philippe-Joseph studied at the Séminaire de Québec and served in the local militia, becoming captain. He studied law with Jonathan Sewell and then with Jean-Baptiste-Olivier Perrault and was called to the bar in 1811. After practising law until 1816, he was appointed sheriff for the Quebec district. He became mired in debt, for which he was imprisoned four years. When released he retired to his ancestral home at Saint-Jean-Port-Joli, Quebec on the St. Lawrence, where he spent thirty years in study.

At the age of seventy-five, he completed a novel, Les Anciens Canadiens ("Old-Time Canadians", Quebec, 1863). Almost entirely based on fact, the story illustrates Canadian national tradition, character, and manners. The author interwove events of his own chequered life with the tragic tale of the struggles and the fall of New France and the change of regime, the eyewitnesses of which he had known personally. At that time, it was perhaps the most popular book ever published in Quebec.

In 1866, Aubert de Gaspé published his Mémoires, which continue and amplify the historical notes contained in his other works. Less brilliant and attractive than his novel, the Mémoires are an excellent specimen of anecdotal history. The author's standing and experience, the latter embracing directly or indirectly the space of a century dating from the Conquest, made him an authentic chronicler of an obscure yet eventful period of history.

He was the last seigneur of Saint-Jean-Port-Joli and died at Quebec City on 29 January 1871.

Family
He married Susanne Allison in 1811. Together they had 13 children. Of his daughters, several of them married notable men, including Suzanne, who married William Power, a member of the legislative assembly; Adélaïde, who married Georges-René Saveuse de Beaujeu; Charlotte-Elmire, who married Andrew Stuart, a judge and seigneur; and Zoé, who married Charles Joseph Alleyn, who was also mayor of Quebec City. His son Philippe-Ignace François was also a writer.

title: Philippe-Joseph Aubert de Gaspé


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User talk:Logixoul

SoundSpel
I noetist on yur taak paej that U liek SoundSpel. I hav a uezerbox staeting that we suport speling reform. If U wont, just copy it. I too liek SoundSpel a lot and hav aded sum informaeshun too the articl. Cameron Nedland 21:13, 9 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Wikipedia is not an apropriat plaes for displaeing informaeshon about mieself, soe I dont uez uezerboxes. --logixoul 22:05, 9 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Okae, thot U miet liek it. Doo U liek the adishuns too SoundSpel?Cameron Nedland 04:49, 10 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Asied from the fact thae wer copyriet vieolaeshons, and that thae wernt wikified (wow, wikified aent chaenj speling), I waz dilieted. Now I ges its mie tern to ask: doo U liek the rivamp too SoundSpel? --logixoul 09:37, 10 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Verry nies, exept wun theeng: Wie did U deleet sum of the texts?Cameron Nedland 20:14, 10 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Bicoz they:
 * oeverwhelmd the reedr with ixesivly much matiriel
 * didnt ad value too the artikel
 * seemd az if choesn at random
 * Feel free too argue about that, of caurs. --logixoul 21:46, 10 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Fair enuf, I just thot that the mor the merryer, thae wer all frum the SSS websiet. I particuelarrily liekt the wun about anchent Eejipt.Cameron Nedland 17:22, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

Elwiki answered your email?
What email address did you use? I have tried and tried to contact them and never have they answered. Anomo 15:28, 26 August 2006 (UTC)
 * logixoul@gmail.com --logixoul 15:51, 26 August 2006 (UTC)

Esperanto
Ar u lerning Esperanto?Cameron Nedland 02:09, 25 September 2006 (UTC)
 * I (kienda) lernd it an yeer agoe. Then Justin B Rye convinst mee (after a huej eemail discushon wich I dont keep - maibi hee duz) that Esperanto has absoluetly noe chans ov acheeving significant uez as an Internashonal auxiliary langwij. This eliminaitid mie interest in it. Weer oftopic btw. --logixoul 19:45, 28 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Sorry bro. I kienda liek Esperanto.Cameron Nedland 20:48, 29 September 2006 (UTC)
 * From a lingwistic point ov vue I liek Vorlin and Lojban beter FWIW. I allsoe fiend all Jermanic and Slavic langwijis, French, and Italian mor pleezing too lisen too/look at. :) --logixoul 21:35, 29 September 2006 (UTC)
 * I liek Vorlin az wel, but I fiend Loezhbaan a litel too straenj for me. I liek the iedeas ov Sloevio and Folkspraak (I doent no how it iz pronounst).:)Cameron Nedland 00:53, 30 September 2006 (UTC)

Slab serif article
Thanks for the comment! :-)) CApitol3 20:52, 6 May 2007 (UTC)
 * : ) --logixoul 18:40, 8 May 2007 (UTC)

Ht-//dig
A template has been added to the article Ht-//dig, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but this article may not satisfy Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and the deletion notice explains why (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may contest the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page. Also, please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, the article may still be deleted if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria or it can be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. If you endorse deletion of the article, and you are the only person who has made substantial edits to the page, please tag it with db-author. mms 19:00, 22 July 2007 (UTC)

December 2007
Please see Wikipedia's no personal attacks policy. Comment on content, not on contributors. Personal attacks damage the community and deter users. Note that continued personal attacks will lead to blocks for disruption. Please stay cool and keep this in mind while editing. Alientraveller (talk) 15:13, 27 December 2007 (UTC)

KCall
A proposed deletion template has been added to the article KCall, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but this article may not satisfy Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and the deletion notice should explain why (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page. Also, please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, the article may still be deleted if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria or it can be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. If you agree with the deletion of the article, and you are the only person who has made substantial edits to the page, please add  to the top of KCall. BJ Talk 13:31, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

Comment
Can you see Template talk:DualLicenseWithCC-BySA-3.0? — Omegatron 01:46, 28 March 2008 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:04, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Logixoul


text:
User talk:Sagar kabra

VALUE ADDED TAX (VAT)

Table of Contents

1.0  History of VAT…………………………………………………...…….……4 2.0  VAT in India…………………………………………………………...........5 I.	ABOLITION OF SALES TAX INCENTIVE SCHEMES FROM 1-1-2000…………………………………………………………………….5 II. NOW IN THE LAST PHASE FROM 1-4-2005……………………….5 3.0 Constitution of India    …………………………...………………………...6 I.	 Proposed Indirect Tax System in India……………………...............7 II. What is VAT ……………….….………….............................................8 III. How is VAT charged …………………………….…...……....................8 IV. Rates Under The Regime ……………………………….…… .............9 4.0 Impact of VAT on Dealers - Advantage and Disadvantages…..…10,11 I.	Implementation and success of VAT depends……………………..12 II. State VAT Act --  Scheme of Taxation………………………………13 5.0 Computation Procedure of VAT…………………………………….. ….14 I.	Present first point sales tax system in the states……….......15 II. State Vat system from 1-4-2005………………………………..16 III. Effect of VAT system on final consumers in states………….17 IV. Computation……………………………………………......18,19,20 6.0 State VAT Rules……………………………………………………………21 I.	Set off available to Manufactures in the states………………22 II. Set Working for Manufactures………………………………….23 III. Set off for Traders…………………………………………….......24 7.0 Why VAT in India………………………………………………………….25 8.0 White Paper on VAT……………………………………………................28 I.	 Rate structure and classification of commodities under VAT......28 II. Related Issues………………………………………………………......29 III. Procedure of self –assessment of VAT liability and Audit of Dealer…………………………………………………………30 IV. Sales Tax levy on purchase & sales………………………………….31

9.0	Value Added Tax Systems…………………………………………….32 I.	Corporate Sales Tax –VAT…………………………………………….33 II. Internal System – VAT………………………………………………...34 III. Value Adder Tax System………………………………………………35

10.0	Conclusion…………………………………………………………36,37,38 11.0	VAT Return Format………………………………………….39,40,41,42 12.0	BIBLIOGRAPHY……………………………………………………….43

	The value added tax (VAT) was first introduced in France in 1954. it is the result of France & other members of European economic community (EEC) for simplification of commodity taxes.

	At present, more than 130 nations in the world have adopted VAT system for indirect taxation. Except America & India most of the major countries are VAT compliant including China, Pakistan, and Bangladesh & Sri lanka etc.

	All over world VAT is payment on both goods & services as they form the part of national GDP, excise duty & sales tax are merged into single VAT.

	The scheme of indirect taxation (VAT) adopted by the most of nations is very simple. The seller of goods & the provider of service charges single VAT to customer, Avail full input tax credit paid and pay the differences as VAT to the government treasury.

	The compliance system in VAT nations is very simple. Minimum, interface between the tax payer & the tax collector. However, heavy penalties are provided for the VAT defaulters.

VAT IN INDIA In India, reforms process started in 1991; the national institute of public finance & policy (NIPFP) studied the indirect taxation system in other nations & India and recommended independent dual VAT system. To replace state sales tax & central sales tax.

In 1994 may; empowered committee (EC) of all the finance ministers of the states was constituted with a task of successful launch of uniform state VAT system in India.

So far, the EC has achieved following major tasks.

ABOLITION OF SALES TAX INCENTIVE SCHEMES FROM 1-1-2000

	Uniform rates for all major commodities.

	Uniform state VAT laws based on model VAT laws

	Compensation towards loss of revenue to the states by the central.

NOW IN THE LAST PHASE FROM 1-4-2005,

	Implementation of VAT system by the states (assent to the VAT acts by the president).

	The central sales tax (C.S.T) to be phased out …2%....1%...0%

	What is VAT?

Vat is a system that taxes every stage of the value chain right from raw materials to the final product. However tax is payable only on the value added at each stage.

	How is VAT charged?

All registered dealers, regardless of where they are in the chain of manufacture and production must charge VAT on their sales of taxable goods and collect it from their customers. Registered dealers must issue a tax invoice to other registered dealers showing the VAT amount being charged as a separate amount. Registered dealers who pay VAT on their purchases can normally claim a “set-off” for the VAT paid to their suppliers. As a result, VAT is not a cost to the dealers. Dealers must ensure that tax is charged separately in their purchase invoice in order to be eligible to claim set-off. Certain dealers who sell mainly to consumers at retail level can opt for a simplified system of VAT calculation and payment under a Composition Scheme. Under the Composition Scheme, dealers will not issue a tax invoice or show VAT as a separate amount on a bill or cash memorandum

	Rates Under The Regime:--

Under the VAT Act, there will be four categories of commodities. Each of these categories will attract a different rate of sale tax i.e. 0, 1, 4 & 12.5 percent. The best part is that, there will not be any extra levels like turnover tax, surcharge, resale tax, additional tax and so on.

VAT is going to replace the four existing taxes • The Bombay Sales Tax Act, 1959 • The Maharashtra Sales Tax on the Transfer of Right to Use Any Goods For Any Purpose Act, 1985 • The Maharashtra Sales Tax on the Transfer of Property in Goods Involved in the Execution of Works Contract (re-enacted) Act, 1989 • The Bombay Sales of Motor Spirit Taxation Act, 1958

Before implementing of VAT System, in Maharashtra the sales tax rate is 13 percent on various consumer durables but with additional taxes, it goes up to 15.8 percent. But now under the VAT, these commodities will be taxed at just 12.5 percent and not 15.8 percent.

The VAT rates will be uniform across states, so the prices of goods will be similar in all the states that have implemented VAT. While the prices of some commodities will go up during the VAT regime, the prices of others will fall. However, the exact impact will differ from state to state. Naturally, in states that were earlier charging a higher sales tax rate than the VAT rate; the prices will go down and vice versa.

In Maharashtra, the sales tax rates ranged between 1 percent and 20 percent depending on the nature of commodity, depending on the nature of the commodity. So those commodities that were taxed at the rate of 20 percent will now be charged a maximum of 12.5 percent, under VAT.

Impact of VAT on Dealers - Advantage and Disadvantages

ADVANTAGES: 	Dealers get input credit for taxes paid on purchase. Therefore, they will benefit by making purchases “with a bill” 	Dealers will benefit by stocking goods which have already incurred Value Added Tax rather than risk purchasing from unregistered dealer. 	The tax net is broader practically eliminating the unregistered dealer and providing fair opportunity to genuine dealers. 	 Dealers will benefit from disclosing actual turnover especially in a retail scenario, where the tax collected by the supplier will be available for claiming credit. For example, incidental charges cannot be disguised with the new regime. 	Dealers will not be taxed multiple times. 	Dealers will no longer require declaration form, there by reducing his workload considerably. 	Due to lowered tax, dealers will have less in the classification of goods. 	There will be uniformity in taxes from state to state. 	Bottlenecks associated with tax assessments will be eliminated as self-assessment in the basis of VAT.

DISADVANTAGES: 	Record keeping, classification of goods and suppliers will become more complex. Automation of accounting procedure will be required. 	Every purchase made must be recorded. The current sales tax structure requires only the maintaining of sales records. 	The revenue neutral rate will be slightly higher than the present rate of tax. 	VAT will be charged at the normal rate will be slightly higher than the present rate of tax. 	The initial uncertainty of laws and procedure will cause confusion & increase red tape & costs. This is however just a temporary situation. 	In case of importing of goods from outside the state, the dealer will not be eligible for credit of tax, there by raising the cost of inters state purchases. 	There is complication regarding credit of sales tax for goods purchased prior to the VAT introduce date. All goods bought after April 1, 2005 and still in stock on April 1, 2005 will be eligible. The tax credit will be available over a period of six months after a interval of three months needed for verification. 	With services not included in the VAT regime, problem of reversal of credit of service tax paid will arise especially in the cases of outsourced manufacturing.

If you put aside the increased documentation and recordings required by traders, VAT does at the end of the day reduce the tax burden in most situations and definitely for the end customer.

However, the implementation and success of VAT depends on the following: a.	Allocation of funds in the forthcoming budget for revenue loss which the State Governments might incur by having to introduce VAT b.	Shifting of Service Tax from the Centre to the States c.	Changes to the existing CST Act need to be made d.	Abolition of additional excise duty on products like textiles

Computation Procedure Of VAT

Computation Procedure of VAT:

Vat is most certainly a more transparent and accurate system of taxation. The existing sales tax structure allowed for double taxation thereby cascading the tax burden. For example, before producing a commodity, inputs were first taxed, the produced commodity was then taxed and finally at the time of sale the entire commodity was taxed once again. By taxing the commodity multiple times, it had in effect increased the cost of the goods and therefore the price the end of consumer had to pay for it. Value added taxation creates an incentive for each participant in the chain from production to sale. A trader at the end of the month or quarter needs to produce all his purchase invoices and all the sale invoices. Trader get a tax credit for all his purchases (since those are good and services for which their producers have already been taxed), and is liable for taxation only on the difference between his purchase and sales invoices. Let us take the hypothetical figures to clarify the computation procedure of VAT. The following transaction chain under VAT regime assumes CST rate is 4 % and VAT rate is 12.5%.

Seller to buyer	Cost price	Value Addition (VA) (Including Profit Rs.)	Selling Price (Rs.) (Excluding tax)	Tax rate	Invoice Value (Rs.) (Including Tax)	Tax Payable (Rs.)	Tax Credit (Rs.)	Net CST Outflow [i.e. seller will deposit in government treasury] (Rs.)	Net VAT Outflow [i.e. seller will deposit in government treasury] (Rs.)	Total new tax outflow [i.e. seller will deposit in government treasury ] (Rs.) 1	2	3	4	5	6= (4+7)	7=(4*5)	8	9	10=(7-8)	11=(9+10) X to Y	0	100 (VA)+4 (CST)	100	4% CST	104	4	0	4.00	0	4 Y to Z	104	50	154	12.5% VAT	173.25	19.25	0	0	19.25	19.25 Z to R	154	30	184	12.5% VAT	207.00	23.00	19.25	0	3.75	3.75 R to Cons- umer	184	10	194	12.5% VAT	218.25	24.25	23.00	0	1.25	1.25 TOTAL	4.00	24.25	28.25 Total tax to the government (CST+VAT)			28.25

From the above table it is found that though real value addition should be Rs.190 [i.e. (Rs.100 + Rs.50 + Rs.30 + Rs.10], total value addition(including CST) in all stages calculated is Rs. 194 [i.e. (Rs.100 + Rs.4+ Rs.50 + Rs.30 + Rs.10] as CST paid cannot be claimed for credit under present VAT system. Therefore, total VAT collected at different stages is Rs.24.25 (i.e. 12.5% of Rs. 194). Here it is important to note that until CST is totally phased out, the main objective of VAT will be lost. Because amount of VAT calculated is Rs.24.25 (i.e. 12.5% of Rs. 194) in lieu of actual amount of VAT is Rs. 23.75 (i.e. 12.5% of Rs. 190) in the sense that manufacturer will have to bear an additional tax burden Rs 0.05 (i.e.12.5% of Rs. 4, which is CST)under present VAT system. Truly speaking, VAT rate should not be charged on Rs. 4 (i.e. 4% of Rs. 100 as inter- state trade). However, the final price, which the consumer has to pay under present VAT regime, is Rs. 218.25 (i.e. Rs. 194 +. Rs.24.25), thereby ultimately consumer will have to pay additional tax burden until CST system is entirely abolished.

State VAT Rules

Why VAT in India?

The trading community in India had exploited the erstwhile sales tax system in adopting loopholes in the system administered by the state or the centre. If a well-administered system comes in, it will close avenues for traders and business mentor evade paying taxes. They will also be compelled to keep proper records of their sales and purchases. Many sections argue that the trading community has been amongst the biggest offenders when it comes to evading taxes. Under the VAT system, no exemptions will be given and a tax will be levied at each stage of transaction of a product. At each stage of value-addition, the tax levied on the inputs can be claimed back from the tax authorities. Industry experts argue that the VAT system, if enforced properly, forms part of the fiscal consolidation strategy in India. It could, in fact, help address the fiscal deficit problem and the revenues estimated to be collected could actually mean lowering of the fiscal deficit burden for the government. Further any globally accepted tax administrative system will only help India integrate better in the World Trade Organization regime. The reason for advocating for VAT is that it has replaced a complicated tax structure that will also do away with the fraudulent practices. Under a VAT regime, the point of levy will be shifted to consuming state. The producing states would still earn higher revenue, as higher production in the state of origin would also lead to higher employment, overall development and ultimately higher consumption levels in that state. In such scenario, all investment decisions to a great extent would depend upon the quality of infrastructure, skilled and cheap labour and other non-tax incentives provided by the states. This would be an ideal scenario for overall growth and investment in the country and eventually it will improve the competitive advantage of Indian industry to face the global competition. Taxation experts, however, say VAT is good for the consumer as household expenses will come down by 4 to 8 % in the long run. This is based on the hypothesis that most people in the tax chain will bargain with each other for maximum benefits. The experts say consumers will start getting the full benefit of VAT a year after its implementation. Recently the World Bank has also urged India to expedite the introduction of VAT as this is the best way to tax services, which now form more than half of the GDP.

The following are the main objectives in diverting from the erstwhile sale tax system to VAT:

	To increase the competitiveness of Indian industry by removing the cascading effect of the erstwhile sale tax system;

	To remove the multiple taxes which were prevalent in the Indian tax system;

	To ensure that all barriers to inter-state trade and commerce should be removed and a unified national market is created;

	To also ensure that there is simplicity and transparency in the system;

	To bring revenue neutrality in the long run under VAT regime;

	To promote the self-regulated mechanism;

	To encourage and result in a better administered system that deters tax evasion;

	To keep proper records of sales and purchases made by taxpayers;

	To avoid the problem of under valuing, as all stages of production and distribution are subject to a tax.

	To prevent exemption and impose tax at each stage of value-addition to products under the VAT system;

	To encourage the taxpayers by the input tax credit method ensuring better tax compliance;

	To generate a trail of invoices that supports effective audit and enforcement strategies.

	To help in fiscal consolidation for the country in bringing a steady source of revenue reducing the debt burden.

	White Paper on VAT:

The White Paper on VAT formally released by the Union Finance Minister, Mr. P. Chidambaram, under the convener ship of Empowered Committee of State Finance Ministers, Dr. Asim Kumar Dasgupta on 17th January2005. The White Paper on state level VAT is presented in three parts. The first part starts with the justification of VAT and its background. In the second part, the main design of VAT, as evolved on the basis of a consensus among the states through repeated discussions in the Empowered Committee has been elaborated. Finally an attempt has been made to discuss the other related issues for effective implementation of VAT in the third part. The main issues of White Paper on VAT are summed up as below.

(1) Rate structure and classification of commodities under VAT

The White Paper on VAT has made a Road map for levy of a uniform state level tax on over 550 items. Petrol, diesel, liquor, lottery have been kept out of the VAT regime. Some states like Delhi have imposed VAT on diesel at 20%, which is higher than the 12% sales tax charged earlier.

VAT can be classified into four categories, under each of which a different rate is prescribed. 	Category I: As many as 46 items, which are exempt from VAT, are covered under this category. These are natural and unprocessed products in the unorganized sector, the items that are legally barred from taxation and the ones that have social implications. . 	Category II: Special Rate of 1% VAT is applicable to gold and silver ornaments, etc.

	Category III: A rate of 4% VAT is applicable. This category covers the largest number of goods – about 270. They are items of basic necessities such as medicines and drugs, all agricultural and industrial inputs, capital goods and declared goods.

	Category IV: The general rate of 12.50% VAT is applicable to all the remaining commodities.

(2) Related Issues

While the VAT panel has relaxed the upper limit for traders coming under the VAT regime from Rs. 40 lakhs to Rs. 50 lakhs turnover, traders in this category would have to make a choice of paying a composite VAT rate or forego input tax credit. Mr. Chidambaram sought to encourage all States to implement the new tax regime. Under the formula commended by the panel, States would get 100% compensation for revenue loss, if any, in the first year, while 75 % of the loss would be compensated in the second year and 50 % in third year. The Central Sales Tax of 4%, which yields Rs. 15,000 crore to States, would be phased out after April 2006. The White Paper also emphasizes the potentiality of crosschecks with computerized information systems. Doubts are, however, being raised as to whether the proposed computerization involving intense interaction with computers for every trader is feasible. The White Paper has not addressed frontally the issues propounded by the Kelkar Task Force in regard to the States’ rights to tax services. VAT by definition has to cover both services and goods. It does not come out clearly in favour of including services under the VAT net. This is, of course, a matter that the Finance Minister will have to address by empowering the States to levy service tax. It is logical that States should be so empowered.

(3) Procedure of self –assessment of VAT liability and Audit of Dealer

One major simplification proposed under VAT regime is that unlike the existing sales tax system there will be no compulsory scrutiny of returns. If no specific notice is issued by the VAT department proposing departmental audit of the books of accounts of the dealer within the time limit specified in the Act, the dealer will be deemed to have been self-assessed on the basis of returns submitted by him. Correctness of self-assessment should be checked through a system of departmental audit. A certain percentage of the dealers will be taken up for audit every year on a scientific basis. If, however, evasion is detected on audit, the concerned dealer may be taken up for audit for previous periods. The audit team will conduct its work in a time-bound manner and audit must be completed within six months. The audit report will be transparently sent to the dealer also.

VALUE ADDED TAX SYSTEMS

o	Conclusion:

VAT is one of the most radical reforms that have been implemented for the Indian economy after years of political and economic debate. In implementing VAT, the biggest benefit perhaps is that it could unite India into a large common market. This will translate to better business policy as each producer will have a big common market before him. Besides, if the government makes a conflict with the trading community, the benefits of VAT may not be materialized effectively as a big part of the currently formal economy may turn informal in order to avoid paying any tax at all. Admittedly, VAT is more efficient tax mechanism in the sense that it avoids cascading of taxes and renders self-policing easy thereby problems of double taxation can be removed. At the same time, it can breed sophisticated attempts at evasion, since evidence of tax paid on inputs is virtually a gateway to VAT refunds. Persons who specialize in tax avoidance can manipulate such evidence. Experience in the UK and the EU with VAT has shown that large leakages are common in VAT, with false claims for refund. Experience in India with MODVAT [now known as Central Value Added Tax (CENVAT)] had highlighted this when a CAG’s enquiry showed thousands of crore of MODVAT being evaded through false entries of inputs bearing excise duties. VAT may not impact consumers as much as traders. One hopes that VAT— 2005 will usher in a new era of transparent and consumer- friendly tax system that adds value to economic reforms in India. The government perception is that VAT will help common people, traders, industrialists and also the government. According to it, VAT is indeed a move towards more efficiency, equal competition and fairness in the taxation system. The tax structure, in fact will become simple and more transparent and this will improve tax compliance and also augment revenue growth. The states are supposed to increase their level of preparedness substantially by implementing a clear plan of action with regard to computerization, training and orientation, designing of forms and documents as well as briefing of trade and industry. It is believed that a successful implementation of the long awaited VAT mechanism from 1st April, 2005 by all the States and UTs will enable both the industry as well as the economy in India to become more competitive. Finally it can be concluded that to cope with the changing scenario of indirect taxation, if practicing accountants refresh their knowledge, they can exploit new found opportunities made under VAT regime by providing advice to their clients.

1.	VAT and You :

If you live in Mumbai, you probably stand to benefit from VAT. Consumers in Mumbai are already being taxed, on virtually every essential commodity, at sales tax rates that are amongst the highest in the country. Many essential items like processed salt, chilly powder, turmeric, jaggery, coconut, maida, suji and besan, were taxed at over 4.5 percent (4 percent sales tax plus various other taxes). These will now be taxed at a VAT rate of 4 percent, so you can expect a marginal dip in the prices of these commodities.

2.	Luxuries Become Affordable:

Coming back to Maharashtra, household appliances like refrigerators, air conditioners and television sets, among other items, would cost marginally less. This is because the tax on these items will be reduced from 15.8 percent to 12.5 percent.

3.	Goodies Get Cheaper:

Aerated waters, non-alcoholic beverages chocolates, etc, will also become much cheaper than before. Eating at four and five star hotels will also become cheaper, with that rates falling from 20 percent plus to 12.5 percent. The same goes for cosmetics, perfumes, deodorants, hair oils, shampoos and so on. Many other items which used to attract a 15.8 percent tax in Maharashtra, such as kitchenware, glassware, chinaware, toothpaste, etc. will now attract 12.5 percent.

4.	Life Savers Become More Precious

Some life saving drugs, including insulin, that were totally exempt from tax, will attract a 4 percent tax under the VAT regime. Others, which were earlier subject to a 9 percent tax rate, will become cheaper. The prices of around 24 life saving devices, including oxygenators for cardio- pulmonary bypass, pressure monitoring lines, intravenous catheters, intra- coronary and vascular stents and intra vascular ultrasound probes, will increase. This is because these devices, which were exempt from tax, will now be taxed at the rate of 12.5 percent.

VAT Return Format (Monthly return) FORM 201 (See rule 17, 18(2) and 45) Return – cum – chalan of tax payable by a dealer under M.V.A.T. Act 2002 [For Tax payment through Treasury / Bank]

VAT Return format made by: PRICE WATERHOUSE COOPERS

VAT RETURN MONTHLY RETURN FORM 201 (See rule 17,18(2) and 45) Return – cum – chalan of tax payable by a dealer under M.V.A.T. Act 2002 [For Tax payment through Treasury / Bank]

1)	M.V.A.T.R.C. No.     421501 / S / 111      	Date: 1st April 1996

2)	C.S.T.R.C. No.     421501 / C / 70

Date: 1st April 1996

3)	Period covered by the return 	From	1ST April                         	To	30th April

4)

Name and address of the dealer

ALBRIGHT & WILSON CHEMICALS INDIA LTD. MIDC, CHEMICAL ZONE, AMP GATE. AMBERNATH (THANE) : 421501

Particulars	Amount (Rs.)

5)	Gross turnover of sales including branch transfers to other States made during the period 17,93,98,654

Deduct:

6) Branch transfer to other states 71,54,864

7)	Sales under section 8 NIL

8)	Tax free sales u/s 5 NIL

9)	Taxes collected separately or otherwise and other deductions, if any	13,73,85,327

10) Balance turnover of sales BOX 5 – [6+7+8+9]	3,48,58,463

11) Sales tax payable (as per box 18) 19,21,438

12)	Less: Set off available (as per box 20) 16,68,059

13) Balance payable / refundable (11-12) 2,53,379

14)	(A)* Amount of set off carried forward to next return	 		(B)* Amount of refund claimed in this return

15)	** Balance payable	16)	Less amount already paid including TDS, if any 17)	Amount paid along with this Return – cum – chalan	19)	Turnover of purchases and tax paid at different rates Particulars Imports from out of India. Inter state purchases	3,53,43,376 Consignment Transfer Local purchases from registered dealers	3,44,45,383 Local purchases from unregistered dealers Total turnover of purchases	6,97,88,759 Local purchases from registered dealers eligible for set off and tax paid at different rates. Sr. No.	 Rate of Tax	    Net Turnover of Purchases (Rs.)	         Tax Paid (Rs.) i               	         4%	2,85,79,849	11,43,194 Ii	     12.5%	41,48,632	5,18,579 Iii Iv Total /		3,27,28,481	16,61,773

 * if Total of Box 12 exceeds Total of Box 11, they you can, in accordance with the rules, carry forward set off in Box 14 (A) for next return or claim refund in Box 14 (B) for this return.

 * if Total of Box 11 exceeds Box 12, then pay the difference and state the amount in box 17

The statements contained in this return in boxes 1 to 20 are true to the best of my knowledge and belief.

Date: ____________________		Signature/__________________

18)	Turnover of sales and tax payable at different rates as per section 6	       Sr. No.	   Rate of Tax	     Net Turnover of sales (Rs.)	     Tax Payable (Rs.)	i.		        4%	1,66,37,006	6,65,480	ii.		      12.5%	94,55,040	11,81,880	iii.		      15.0%        (WCT)	4,93,840	74,078	iv.					       Total /		2,65,85,886	19,21,438

20)	Computation of set-off to be claimed as per this return

Particulars Purchase value (Rs.)	  Tax amount (Rs.) 1	Total tax paid on taxable purchases from registered dealers	3,27,28,481	16,61,773

2	Less- Reduction in the amount of set off at the rate of 4% of the purchase price under rule 53(1), 53(2) and 53(3)		1,38,178 3	Less- Reduction in the amount of set off under rule 53(4), 53(5), 53(6), 53(7) and 53(8)		    __ 4	Less- other reduction in set off, if any 64,551     5	Total reduction (2+3+4) 2,02,729     6	Balance : Net Set off for the period of this return (1-5)		14,59,044     7	Less : Adjustment to set – off claimed in earlier return (set – off excess claimed)		    __ 8	Add : Adjustment to set – off claimed in earlier return (set – off short claimed)		    __ 9	Add : Set off brought forward from previous Return 10	Add : * Set off on opening stock of trading as on 1st April,2005 as per statement	46,26,818	2,09,015 11	Total set off available (6+8+9+10-7) 3,73,55,299	16,68,059

BIBLIOGRAPHY:

Reports

	Implementation of VAT in India : Siddhartha Sankar Saha 	VAT in India – Issues & Concerns : Y Ravikumar

Books & Journal

	CA Journal – The Value of VAT (June 2005) 	CFA Analyst (April 2005) 	VAT-A way of the Indian tax (G.K.Pillai) 	Prime on Value Added Tax (Chelliah Raja)

Websites

	WWW.salestax.maharashtra.gov.in 	WWW.moneycontrol.com 	www.icai.org 	www.icwai.org

title: User talk:Sagar kabra


text:
Bergische Museumsbahnen

The Bergische Museumsbahn is a heritage tram museum situated in the German city of Wuppertal. It operates its own tram line south of Wuppertal on original rails with original cars. Therefore, it's one of the smallest running tram systems in the world. Wuppertal still operates the "Schwebebahn", a unique overhead railway.

Museum line

The museum line begins about 50 m east of the Kohlfurth bridge, where the depot may be found with its exhibition of vehicles and a bookshop. A track coming from the bridge is currently out of use. East of the depot the line winds its way south and then swings around in a 180° curve in order to follow the Kaltenbach valley north. The end of the line is currently at Greuel halt, although it has long been planned to work the section beyond that to Möschenborn.

Near Möschenborn halt the old line turns south again in order to reach Cronenberg.

The route has a height difference of about 150 metres, which means that it has an average incline of 5%. The largest part of the route cuts through a wood and is therefore typical of the former overground tramway network. On the other hand the route does not really have any town sections. There are seven stops.

Vehicles

The following vehicles, amongst others, are used for services:

 * Tw 105, Talbot, built 1927, formerly used in: Wuppertal
 * Tw 107, DÜWAG, built 1936, formerly used in: Düsseldorf
 * Tw 275, DÜWAG, built 1957, formerly used in: Bochum
 * Tw 337, DÜWAG, built 1957, formerly used in: Hagen

The following vehicles are also used for maintenance:
 * Grinding wagon 610 (Seidlitz & Kuschmierz, built 1950, formerly used in: Bochum)
 * Tower railcar 628 (Eigenbau, built 1950, formerly used in: Wuppertal)
 * Departmental wagon 406 (Rastatt, built 1951, formerly used in: Freiburg)
 * Works wagon 683 (Credé, built 1952, formerly used in: Bochum)

Other vehicles are in working order, but stored and can be visited, e. g.

 * Tw 106, Westwaggon, built 1960, formerly used in: Remscheid, from 1969 Darmstadt (where it was No. 66)

Opening times and museum services
The museum is open all year round on Saturdays from 11 am to 5 pm, and from May to October also on Sundays from 11 am to 5 pm. Services are run from April to October on the 2nd and 4th Sundays in the month as well as on Whit Monday and Pentecost.

title: Bergische Museumsbahnen


text:
Aubert de Gaspé

The Aubert de Gaspé family was a French Canadian family descended from Charles Aubert de La Chesnaye, with several notable members:

 * Ignace-Philippe Aubert de Gaspé (1714–1787), army officer
 * Pierre-Ignace Aubert de Gaspé (1758–1823), politician, seigneur and son of Ignace-Philippe
 * Philippe-Joseph Aubert de Gaspé (1786–1871), writer and son of Pierre-Ignace
 * Philippe-Ignace François Aubert de Gaspé (1814–1841), writer and son of Philippe-Joseph

title: Aubert de Gaspé


text:
Video recorder scheduling code

VCR Plus+, G-Code, VideoPlus+ and ShowView are different names for the same scheduling system for programming VCRs and digital video recorders. These names are all registered trademarks of Macrovision, whose corporate predecessor, Gemstar, developed these algorithms for use in integrated endecs.

History
Before the advent of on-screen displays, the only interface available for programming a home video recorder was a small VFD, LED or LCD panel and a small number of buttons. Correctly setting up a recording for a specific program was therefore a somewhat complex operation for many people. G-Code, VideoPlus+ and ShowView were introduced in the late 1980s to remove this difficulty.

Concept
The central concept of the system is a unique number, a PlusCode, assigned to each program, and published in television listings in newspapers and magazines (such as TV Guide). To record a program, the code number is taken from the newspaper and input into the video recorder, which would then record on the correct channel at the correct time. The code could also be entered into a dedicated remote control device that would then control the VCR. The number is generated by an algorithm from the date, time and channel of the program; as a result, it does not rely on an over-the-air channel to serve as a conduit to ensure the recording is properly timed. This means it will not compensate for a disrupted schedule due to live sporting events or bulletins for breaking news events, however many video recorders with these systems also incorporate Programme Delivery Control (PDC) and use that to alter times if possible.

Branding
The system has been licensed to television and VCR manufacturers in about 40 countries, but is branded under different names depending on the country. It is known as VCR Plus+, VCR Plus+ Silver and VCR Plus+ Gold in the United States and Canada; G-Code in Japan, China, New Zealand and Australia; VideoPlus+ in Ireland, the United Kingdom, and Japan; and ShowView in the rest of Europe as well as in South Africa. The system is branded as VideoPlus+/ShowView in Europe due to an existing trademark registration for "VCR" by Philips in that continent, and as G-Code (the "G" standing for the system's developer Gemstar) in Japan because VCR is not a common abbreviation there ("VTR," for videotape recorder, is used instead). Japan initially used the name Video Plus+ and later changed to G-Code, an example of this is the Victor (JVC) HR-880. Because television programming schedules are different, the coding has to be adjusted in each of the regions and recording equipment is not interchangeable.

Algorithms
The actual algorithms used to encode and decode the television guide values from and to their time representations were published in 1992, but only for six-digit codes or less.

Source code for seven and eight digit codes was written in C and Perl and posted anonymously in 2003.

title: Video recorder scheduling code


text:
Brannock Device

The Brannock Device is a measuring instrument invented by Charles F. Brannock for measuring a person's shoe size. Brannock spent two years developing a simple means of measuring the length, width, and arch length of the human foot. He eventually improved on the wooden RITZ Stick, the industry standard of the day, patenting his first prototype in 1925 and an improved version in 1927. The device has both left and right heel cups and is rotated through 180 degrees to measure the second foot. Brannock later formed the Brannock Device Company to manufacture and sell the product, and headed the company until 1992 when he died at age 89. The Smithsonian Institution has the nearly complete records of the development of the Brannock Device and subsequent marketing.

The Brannock Device Company was headquartered in Syracuse, New York, until shortly after Charles Brannock's death. Salvatore Leonardi purchased the company from the Brannock Estate in 1993, and moved manufacturing to a small factory in Liverpool, New York.

On May 31, 2018, the Syracuse minor league baseball team had a one-night promotion and rebranded as the Syracuse Devices in honor of the Brannock Device.

Sizing system
The modern Brannock device takes three measurements of each foot:

 * Foot length: the length from heel to the tip of the longest toe (in increments of barleycorns)
 * Arch length: the length from heel to the inside of the ball of the foot, or medial metatarsophalangeal joint
 * Width: the width of the foot perpendicular to the length

Foot and arch lengths correspond to numeric Brannock sizes, and foot widths correspond to letter Brannock widths AAAA (narrowest) to EEEE (widest), as follows:

$$\text{Foot Length} = 7\tfrac{1}{3}\text{ inches} + (\text{Men's Brannock Size} \times \tfrac{1}{3}\text{ inch})$$

$$\text{Arch Length} = 5\tfrac{18}{50}\text{ inches} + (\text{Men's Brannock Size} \times \tfrac{11}{50}\text{ inch})$$

$$\text{Width} = 1\tfrac{10}{16}\text{ inches} + (\text{Men's Brannock Size} \times \tfrac{1}{8}\text{ inch}) + (\text{Steps Up From AAAA} \times \tfrac{3}{16}\text{ inch})$$

Women's Brannock sizes are offset from men's by one:

$$\text{Women's Brannock Size} = \text{Men's Brannock Size} + 1$$

! 16 ! $1 1/2$ ! 17 ! $2 1/2$ ! 18 ! $3 1/2$ ! 19 ! $4 1/2$ ! 20 ! $5 1/2$ ! 21 ! $6 1/2$ ! 22 ! $7 1/2$ ! 23 ! $8 1/2$ ! 24 ! $9 1/2$ ! 25 ! $10 1/2$

! Heel-to-Toe (Foot) Length !! Heel-to-Ball (Arch) Length !! AAAA !! AAA !! AA !! A !! B !! C !! D !! E !! EE !! EEE !! EEEE
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title: Brannock Device


text:
Thomas Coke, 2nd Earl of Leicester

Thomas William Coke, 2nd Earl of Leicester (26 December 1822 – 24 January 1909), known as Viscount Coke from 1837 to 1842, was a British peer.

Background
Leicester was the son of Thomas Coke, 1st Earl of Leicester, by his second wife Lady Anne Amelia Keppel. He succeeded to the earldom and Holkham Hall on his father's death in 1842.

Public life
Lord Leicester served as Lord-Lieutenant of Norfolk from 1846 to 1906 and was a member of the Council of the Duchy of Cornwall and Keeper of the Privy Seal. In 1873 he was made a Knight of the Garter.

Family
Lord Leicester married firstly, Juliana Whitbread (1825–1870), daughter of Samuel Charles Whitbread and Hon. Julia Trevor (d. 1858), on 20 April 1843. They had nine children:

 * Lady Julia Coke (1844–1931) she married Mervyn Wingfield, 7th Viscount Powerscourt on 26 April 1864. They have five children. Through their eldest son Mervyn Wingfield, 8th Viscount Powerscourt they are the maternal great-great-grandparents of Sarah, Duchess of York whose daughter Princess Eugenie of York is wife of Jack Brooksbank.
 * Lady Anne Coke (1845 – 23 January 1876), she married Maj.-Gen. Edmund Manningham-Buller (son of Sir Edward Manningham-Buller, 1st Baronet) on 16 January 1874. They have two children.
 * Lady Gertrude Coke (1847 – 28 November 1943), she married Charles Murray, 7th Earl of Dunmore on 5 April 1866. They have six children.
 * Thomas William Coke, 3rd Earl of Leicester (20 July 1848 – 19 November 1941) he married The Honorable Alice White on 26 August 1879. They have five children. Their eldest daughter Alexandra is the mother of Angus Ogilvy, husband of Princess Alexandra.
 * Lady Mary Coke (1849 – 28 December 1929), she married William Legge, 6th Earl of Dartmouth on 18 December 1879. They have five children.
 * Lady Winifred Coke (1851 – 22 March 1940), she married Robert Clements, 4th Earl of Leitrim on 2 September 1873. They have eight children.
 * Lady Margaret Coke (24 April 1852 – 2 August 1922), she married Henry Strutt, 2nd Baron Belper on 2 May 1874. They have eight children.
 * Lady Mildred Coke (1854 – 12 May 1941), she married Thomas Anson, 3rd Earl of Lichfield on 5 November 1878. They have six children.
 * Lt.-Col. Wenman Coke (20 November 1855 – 30 May 1931), died unmarried.

Lord Leicester married secondly, Hon. Georgina Cavendish, daughter of William Cavendish, 2nd Baron Chesham, on 26 August 1875. They had six children:

 * Major Hon. Richard Coke (20 August 1876 – 14 June 1964), he married Hon. Doreen O'Brien (niece of The Honorable Alice White though her eldest sister) on 21 December 1907 and they were divorced in 1927. They have five children. He remarried Elizabeth Vera Catherine Alice de Beaumont (maternal grandfather Thomas O'Hagan, 1st Baron O'Hagan) on 19 July 1932. They have three children.
 * Lady Mabel Coke ( 1878 – 29 January 1967), she married James Luddington on 8 August 1929.
 * Lieutenant-Colonel Hon. Edward Coke (17 October 1879 – 4 September 1944), died unmarried.

 * Major Hon. Sir John (Jack) Spencer Coke (30 September 1880 – 23 December 1957), he married Hon. Dorothy Lawson (daughter of Harry Lawson, 1st Viscount Burnham) on 15 January 1907. They had three children; Celia, Gerald and Rosemary - later Baroness Hamilton of Dalzell. On 27 November 1951 it was reported that, as her Equerry, Sir Jack had accompanied Queen Mary on a visit to the annual exhibition of the Royal Society of Portrait Painters at the Royal Institute Galleries. He was appointed Knight Commander, Royal Victorian Order in 1953 and was Gentleman Usher to King George VI and Extra Gentleman Usher to Queen Elizabeth II.  The Hon. Sir Jack and the Hon. Dorothy Coke are the parents of Celia Brooksbank née Coke (died 1996) who is the grandmother of Jack Brooksbank (husband to Princess Eugenie). In 2018, photos were published which revealed that Sir Jack Coke's daughter -  Celia Brooksbank  -  had been a guest at Hall Barn Estate, the family seat where her great grandfather, Edward Levy-Lawson, 1st Baron Burnham had enjoyed many shooting parties with King Edward VII.
 * Captain Hon. Reginald Coke (10 November 1883 – 30 April 1969), he married Katharine Ryder (granddaughter of Henry Ryder, 4th Earl of Harrowby) on 17 July 1924. They have two daughters.
 * Hon. Henry Coke ( 1888 – 1892).
 * Commander Hon. Lovel William Coke (19 August 1893 – 16 March 1966), died unmarried. Lovel Coke and his eldest sibling Julia Wingfield, Viscountess Powerscourt had a 49-year age difference.

title: Thomas Coke, 2nd Earl of Leicester


text:
Adherens junction

In cell biology, adherens junctions (or zonula adherens, intermediate junction, or "belt desmosome" ) are protein complexes that occur at cell–cell junctions and cell–matrix junctions in epithelial and endothelial tissues, usually more basal than tight junctions. An adherens junction is defined as a cell junction whose cytoplasmic face is linked to the actin cytoskeleton. They can appear as bands encircling the cell (zonula adherens) or as spots of attachment to the extracellular matrix (focal adhesion).

Adherens junctions uniquely disassemble in uterine epithelial cells to allow the blastocyst to penetrate between epithelial cells.

A similar cell junction in non-epithelial, non-endothelial cells is the fascia adherens. It is structurally the same, but appears in ribbonlike patterns that do not completely encircle the cells. One example is in cardiomyocytes.

Proteins
Adherens junctions are composed of the following proteins:
 * cadherins. The cadherins are a family of transmembrane proteins that form homodimers in a calcium-dependent manner with other cadherin molecules on adjacent cells.
 * p120 (sometimes called delta catenin) binds the juxtamembrane region of the cadherin.
 * γ-catenin or gamma-catenin (plakoglobin) binds the catenin-binding region of the cadherin.
 * α-catenin or alpha-catenin binds the cadherin indirectly via β-catenin or plakoglobin and links the actin cytoskeleton with cadherin. Significant protein dynamics are thought to be involved.

Models
Adherens junctions were, for many years, thought to share the characteristic of anchor cells through their cytoplasmic actin filaments.

Adherens junctions may serve as a regulatory module to maintain the actin contractile ring with which it is associated in microscopic studies.

title: Adherens junction


text:
Wikipedia:Conlangs/Relays

I think the reason this one was proposed was because: That said, I think it's minor. Almafeta 15:21, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Relays require you to effectively transmit details of your language to another, and be understood -- i.e., a method of determining completeness.
 * Relays often are of things that are beyond your standard 'travel guide' texts, and can require more obscure points of grammar.
 * By requiring five relays, it requires more completeness than what is needed to translate a single page.

Problem I see with it is that it seems to be limited to the online conlanger community, which doesn't do much to convince me that the language in question isn't a piece of cruft undeserving of an article. The Literate Engineer 05:53, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I don't think this is a good idea. The problem with the vote/poll as it looks now is that it is far too complicated, and the relay criterion only adds to that. C'mon folks, a relay is a game, nothing more. I have participated in nine relays myself and mastered one. It's great fun, it's a good exercise for your conlang, a nice way to show off, and the websites that are usually created after a relay are true monuments of conlangry. But little more. In my view, relay participation adds nothing to a conlang's notability per se. It dóes however display its usability. Therefore, relay entries should simply be treated as part of a language's corpus. --IJzeren Jan 06:51, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia:Conlangs/Relays


text:
User:Juan Resendez

Headline text
I Love Men

title: User:Juan Resendez


text:
Talk:Amblyopsidae

Feeding
Hey, what do cave fish eat? I must know!! Please tell me!! Or maybe add it to the article!! Thanks!

Sight
Who robs them of their sight?

 * WE DO! WE DO! lol I wondered when someone was going to say that. I might mention something about it in this article. CyberRaptor 22:00, 2 July 2006 (UTC)

now.. for those who are still clueless - how exactly are they robbed of sight? i dunno - but here's the best research on masonic junk i could find

http://honorablepassion.wiki.com/Steps/

There was a spoof done on The Simpsons of the Freemasons, in which there is a secret society called the Stonecutters sing a drinking song that contains those words.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homer_the_Great

The song goes: ''“Who controls the British crown? Who keeps the metric system down? We do! We do! Who leaves Atlantis off the maps? Who keeps the Martians under wraps? We do! We do! Who holds back the electric car? Who makes Steve Guttenberg a star? We do! We do! Who robs the cave fish of their sight? Who rigs every Oscar night? We do! We do!”''

Confusion in statements
I cleaned up this section the best that I could, but two statements are unclear to me, and somebody with the scientific knowledge, or at least familiarity with the japanese article referenced, will need to determine how to rephrase these statements:

 * Breeding only once a year, occuping about 10% of the population, 40-60 have reached sexual maturity

Does this mean that only 10% of the population will be breading at any time ? And so does that also mean that this translates to 40-60 actual fish ? That would mean that this statement comes from a specific part of the reference that was looking at a specific population in a study ... You can't make an assumption about that statement without knowing the research, or what the author intended.

 * Also the period growth is slower and reach sexual maturity after hatching, having a long life

Does this mean that it takes them a long time to grow and reach maturity after hatching and they live for a long time, meaning allowing them to reproduce starting later than usual but continue reproducing longer than usual, or that they reach maturity right away after hatching ? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Bioevolution (talk • contribs) 19:53, 2 December 2011 (UTC)

 * It seems like it does imply that only 10% have reached sexual maturity (totaling 40-60), and those are the ones that can breed. It would be great to have some clarification, though.  I also think the second part implies that they have a difficult time reaching sexual maturity, with many of them being killed before they can actually reproduce.  If, however, they are able to reach that point, then their chances of surviving many years increases drastically.  Something like this: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_table. Cleanelephant (talk) 21:20, 12 December 2011 (UTC)

Evolution
I took out the part that said they evolved from their above-ground counterparts, without stating what the counterparts are. Because animals started in water and gradually moved to land, this didn't make any sense unless someone has a reference that shows their evolution going from water to ground back to water and wanted to cite this. Cleanelephant (talk) 21:14, 12 December 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Amblyopsidae