text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mi casa es su casa

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete --Allen3 talk 12:08, September 2, 2005 (UTC)

Mi casa es su casa
Non-notable GinaDana 00:16, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Agree with above.Delete. Eddie.willers 00:30, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Ditto. Delete. --PatadyBag 00:33, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nominator. Al 01:26, August 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom Ryan Norton T 09:00, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * delete nn --TimPope 09:45, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, nn student film. - Mgm|(talk) 10:15, August 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * cancelación NN Roodog2k 13:42, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, for the reasons above IINAG 18:09, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Mi deleta es su deleta. RasputinAXP   talk  *  contribs  18:53, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Wikipedia no es su casa, por lo que no puede ser mía (translates as Wikipedia is not your house, so it can't be mine.). Delete --Tito xd 21:51, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. non-notable. Elfguy 01:22, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Agree with above. Amren (talk)  04:22, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete.  ral  315  17:57, August 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User talk:Kappa/Nik Nazmi Nik Ahmad

Contributions: (cur) (last) 12:19, 22 August 2005 Earth m (cur) (last)  04:39, 21 November 2004 D6 m (adding Category:1982 births, see WP:People by year) (cur) (last) 05:10, 8 September 2004 Timwi m (fmt) (cur) (last) 05:08, 8 September 2004 Timwi (some clean-up) (cur) (last) 04:35, 8 September 2004 Lucky 6.9 (What is it with these doggone college kids?) (cur) (last) 04:14, 8 September 2004 202.185.113.149 (cur) (last) 04:02, 8 September 2004 202.185.113.149

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Kappa/Nik Nazmi Nik Ahmad


text:
User talk:Dse

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, you can post to the help desk or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! CryptoDerk 00:17, August 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Nomination of List of Transit Authority of River City bus routes for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article List of Transit Authority of River City bus routes, to which you have significantly contributed, is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or if it should be deleted.

The discussion will take place at Articles for deletion/List of Transit Authority of River City bus routes until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article.

To customise your preferences for automated AfD notifications for articles to which you've significantly contributed (or to opt-out entirely), please visit the configuration page. Delivered by SDZeroBot (talk) 01:02, 1 May 2021 (UTC)

title: User talk:Dse


text:
User:Dse

HI GUYS I HAVE A WEB PAGE NOW

title: User:Dse


text:
Amrita Island

Amrita Island is a small inhabited island in Squeteague Harbor in the village of Cataumet in the town of Bourne, in Barnstable County, Massachusetts. Several residential homes are located on the island. Baxendale Road is the only road and it connects the island to the mainland from Megansett Road.

History
Thomas Baxendale, of Brockton, Massachusetts, and his wife Esther Minerva purchased Amrita Island in 1893. The couple then began to build a residence on the island, including a mansion named "Island Haven," along with a stone bridge; four other homes named Stonehenge, Sorrento, Castle le Mere, and Guardian; three bathing pavilions; a gazebo; a cottage; and a mausoleum that would eventually house the Baxendales and several of their beloved animals.

The island is well known for its ties to animal welfare advocacy. Baxendale was an advocate for animal welfare, and during his time on Amrita Island, he hosted lectures on animal advocacy and donated funds to the local Animal Rescue League. Upon Esther Baxendale's death in 1927, Harvard University was given Amrita Island in the Baxendales' will. In turn, Harvard University donated the island's 21 acres to the Animal Rescue League of Boston. On a mainland parcel of land adjacent to the Island, until 2007, the Animal Rescue League operated "a summer camp for inner city children between the ages of seven and fourteen...where they learned animal care, dog obedience, pet shows, nature study, and woodworking."

title: Amrita Island


text:
Talk:Gila

Untitled
Created as part of the WikiProject Missing articles/Encarta_Encyclopedia_topics Paul 00:19, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Gila


text:
Talk:Hyppolyte Giraudoux

Created as part of the WikiProject Missing articles/Encarta_Encyclopedia_topics Paul 00:19, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hyppolyte Giraudoux


text:
Talk:Giraudoux, Hyppolyte

Created as part of the WikiProject Missing articles/Encarta_Encyclopedia_topics Paul 00:19, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Giraudoux, Hyppolyte


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Random happenings

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete --Allen3 talk 12:14, September 2, 2005 (UTC)

Random happenings
Non-notable GinaDana 00:20, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as above. Al 01:26, August 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom Ryan Norton T 08:59, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, nn student film. - Mgm|(talk) 10:16, August 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete with prejudice.   Paul Klenk 11:49, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Whats the deal with all the student films lately? Roodog2k 13:43, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, nn. RasputinAXP   talk  *  contribs  18:53, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non-notable. Elfguy 01:23, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Harold Bernard St. John

Sir Harold Bernard St. John, KA (16 August 1931 – 29 February 2004) was a Barbadian politician who served as the third prime minister of Barbados from 1985 to 1986. To date, he is the shortest serving Barbadian prime minister. He was leader of the Barbados Labour Party from 1970 to 1971 and again from 1985 to 1987. He was widely known as Bree.

Biography
St. John was born in the Parish of Christ Church and attended the Christ Church Foundation School. He was professionally trained as a lawyer at the University College London and was called to the Bar at the Inner Temple in 1958. In 1959, before the island became independent from the United Kingdom, St. John joined the Barbados Labour Party beginning an opposition representative in the pre-independence Senate of Barbados in 1964. After independence in 1966, he was elected to the Barbados House of Assembly. He served as a member of the Upper Chamber between 1971 and 1976 as a member of the Opposition party.

St. John left the Upper House when he was re-elected to the House of Assembly in 1976, when his party under J. M. G. Adams won the election. He served in numerous cabinet positions in the 1970s including deputy prime minister, minister of trade and industry, and minister of tourism, where he did his most influential work in developing the tourism industry in Barbados. When Adams died in 1985, St. John became Prime Minister. During his tenure as prime minister, he held the additional portfolio of Minister of Finance. The following year he was defeated in the elections by Errol Barrow and the Democratic Labour Party.

In 1994 when the BLP regained power, he did not return to the Cabinet and served instead as a backbencher under Owen Arthur. That same year St. John was conferred the highest honour in Barbados; he was made a Knight of St. Andrew (KA) of the Order of Barbados.

In 2004, Bernard St. John died of cancer in Bridgetown, aged 72. He left his widow Lady Stella (née Hope) and three children: Bryte, Charmaine and Nicole.

title: Harold Bernard St. John


text:
User:Slippy007

not much to tell will add more later

title: User:Slippy007


text:
Autos sacramentales

Autos sacramentales (Spanish auto, "act" or "ordinance"; sacramental, "sacramental, pertaining to a sacrament") are a form of dramatic literature which is unique to Spain and Hispanic America, though in some respects similar in character to the old Morality plays of England.

Origin and History
The auto sacramental may be defined as a dramatic representation of the mystery of the Eucharist. At least this is the definition that would apply to the auto of the time of Calderón. It does not so well fit, however, those of the preceding century, many of which were sacramental in character only because they were presented during the feast of Corpus Christi. They are usually allegorical, the characters representing, for example, Faith, Hope, Air, Sin, Death, etc. There were some indeed, in which not a single human character appeared, but personifications of the Virtues, the Vices, the Elements, etc.

The auto sacramental was always presented in the streets in connection with the celebration of the feast of Corpus Christi. It was preceded by a solemn procession through the principal streets of the city, the houses along the route being decorated in honor of the occasion. In the procession appeared the priests bearing the Host under a splendid canopy, followed by a devout throng, in which, in Madrid, often appeared the king and his court without distinction of rank, and last of all, in beautiful cars, came the actors from the public theatres who were to take part in the performance. The procession usually halted before the house of some dignitary while the priests performed certain religious ceremonies, the multitude kneeling meanwhile as if in church. At the conclusion of these, the auto was given. These performances, and the procession as well, were given with much splendor and at great expense, being limited only by the resources of the particular town in which they took place.

Early religious drama
Religious exhibitions were popular with the public in Spain as early as the 13th century. These typically consisted of simple dialogue, presented at Christmas, Carnival, Good Friday, or Easter during religious festivals. As time progressed, the celebration of the feast day of Corpus Christi became larger and with that came the desire for drama surrounding the feast day and honoring the Eucharist became apparent. The first autos were derived from religious material that already existed, but by the beginning of the 16th century, the first true auto sacramental, meaning the theme of the play was the mystery of the Eucharist, was presented. It was El Auto de San Martin, by Gil Vicente.

Height of popularity
During the 16th and 17th centuries these autos continued to appear, being gradually improved and elaborated until brought to their highest state of development by Calderón. He has left about seventy autos, the best known of which are The Divine Orpheus, a work of considerable poetic merit, The Devotion to the Mass, and The Captivity of the Ark. His autos were the most popular and were the only autos performed in Madrid from 1647 to 1681. These autos sacramentales produced a great effect on the people. From time immemorial, allegory of every kind had powerfully appealed to them, and these autos took a strong hold on the popular favor, coming as they did during religious festivals, with their music and their splendor, coupled with the fact that they were given at public expense and with the sanction of the Catholic church.

Prohibited
Citing disrespect of the Eucharist, Charles III declared the presentation and performance of autos prohibited by royal decree in 1765.

Modern times
Some modern authors, in particular those of the Generation of 27 and later, have tried to revitalize and revive the genre, sometimes desecrated it: Rafael Alberti, with El hombre deshabitado and Miguel Hernández, with Quién te ha visto y quién te ve y sombra de lo que eras, wrote autos sacramentales and after them, Gonzalo Torrente Ballester.

Playwrights
Gil Vicente (c.1465 – 1536/1537): wrote in Portuguese and Spanish; considered joint-father of Spanish Drama with Juan de la Encina; wrote very early autos.

Juan de la Encina (1468 – 1529): considered joint-father of Spanish Drama with Gil Vicente; in 1496 published book called Cancionero of eight églogas, the precursor for the auto sacramental.

 (c.1520 – 1583): wrote six autos, including La Oveja Perdida; author of the only autos written in Catalan.

Lope de Vega (1562 –1635): wrote around 400 autos; 42 surviving text including The Harvest and The Wolf Turned Shepherd.

 (1565 – 1638): author of the book Doce autos sacramentales y dos comedias divinas, published in 1622; precursor of Calderón de la Barca in the use of allegory.

Pedro Calderón de la Barca (1600 – 1681): considered most prolific of the writers of autos; two well-known autos are La cena del rey Baltaza, or Belshazzar's Feast and El gran teatro del Mundo, or The Great Theater of the World.

Calderón's Belshazzar's Feast
One of Calderón's autos that is a popular English translation is Belshazzar's Feast. It relates directly to the Eucharist, sacrilegious behavior, and punishment exacted on Belshazzar for his sinful behavior.

Characters
Belshazzar – based on the biblical character, but allegorical for humanity

Daniel – Biblical historic character, allegoric personification of Wisdom and God's Judgement

Idolatry – second wife of Belshazzar

Vanity – first wife of Belshazzar

Death – allegoric personification of death; carries out judgement; key player/most important

Thought – sometimes Belshazzar's inner thoughts, sometimes general Human Thought

Action of Belshazzar's Feast
Thought and Daniel meet in Belshazzar's palace gardens. Thought informs Daniel that Belshazzar has married Idolatry, even though he is already married to Vanity. Daniel cries woe for God's people.

Belshazzar enters with Vanity and his new bride, Idolatry. He wants them to embrace each other. They do so and ask him what is on his mind. He relates the story of the Great Flood and also the Tower of Babel. After he tells his stories, his two wives decree that he is their king and god. Belshazzar asks what can break their bond, and Daniel informs him that “The Hand of God,” can break up Belshazzar, Vanity, and Idolatry. Belshazzar gets upset with Daniel and threatens his life. Daniel says that God will save him. Vanity and Idolatry tell Belshazzar that Daniel is annoying them and they want to leave. As they leave, Belshazzar tells Daniel he owes his life to the two queens, not to God. Thought tells Daniel that he has learned a valuable lesson – by invoking the hand of God, his life can be spared in future situations.

Death and Daniel enter and discuss Belshazzar and his sins of vanity and idolatry. Death offers to kill Belshazzar for Daniel, as an agent of an angry God. Daniel gives Death permission to visit Belshazzar and scare him, but not kill him. Daniel wants to save his soul. Death is upset about only being allowed to show himself to and warn Belshazzar and not take his soul. He calls for Thought. Thought joins Death and is scared of him. Death asks Thought where Belshazzar is. Thought tells Death that Belshazzar is with his two wives in the garden. Death asks Thought to take him there. Thought does because he doesn't have the courage to say no.

Belshazzar, Idolatry, and Vanity enter. They ask Belshazzar why he looks so sad and stops talking so suddenly. Belshazzar says he doesn't know the source of the intense pain he feels. It is Death approaching that none of the trio can see. Death shows himself to Belshazzar who is shocked and terrified. He asks Death who he is; Death tells Belshazzar that he is a creditor here to collect a debt that Belshazzar owes. Thought rethinks his decision to lead Death to Belshazzar. Belshazzar asks what he owes. Death shows him a book that has the debt listed, but Belshazzar states that the book is one he lost. Death says the debt was written down by Belshazzar himself. He reads back what Belshazzar wrote about owing his life to Death. Death tells Belshazzar that today is not the day that he has come to collect the debt, but that the day is coming. Death exits.

Belshazzar, Idolatry, Vanity, and Thought are still together. The two queens want to know what is troubling Belshazzar. He says he is not sure – some phantom visited him. To please Belshazzar, the queens take turns complimenting each other. They all sit down and Idolatry fans Belshazzar with the feather from her hat while Vanity sings to him about his greatness to continue to soothe him.

Death is angry because the queens have soothed Belshazzar into a sleep. Death says he will haunt Belshazzar in his dream. The queens leave the garden and Thought also falls asleep. Death sees Belshazzar asleep and decides to kill him. He draws his sword, but Daniel enters and says, “No,” while holding back the arms of Death. Death inquires why he cannot kill the king. Daniel says Belshazzar has not lived his whole life and it is not time yet for him to die. Death argues that Belshazzar's life is a mockery to both God and Death.

While Belshazzar is asleep, in his dream the queens enter with a Statue – it is Belshazzar as a god. The queens praise Belshazzar and build him up. The Statue warns Belshazzar in his sleep that he needs to leave Idolatry and Vanity behind or else he will suffer because of them. The Statue tells the dream queens that the great God decrees them gone. Belshazzar wakes up and is troubled by what he saw and felt in his sleep. He starts to question keeping so much stock in Idolatry and Vanity. However, Idolatry seduces him again and he returns to his former self. Thought suggests Belshazzar throw a feast to shake off all of the melancholy. Belshazzar calls for the gold wine glasses and wine reserved for presenting the Eucharist to be used, because he deserves the best. Idolatry and Vanity set the table for the feast while Thought sings.

Death comes to the feast in a disguise and makes a plea to God to loose his hand in order to kill Belshazzar due to his sacrilegious behavior against the Eucharist on top of his sins of Idolatry and Vanity. Belshazzar demands wine, and Death, being mistaken for a servant, brings him a golden cup of poisoned wine declaring that in the cup is both Life and Death. Belshazzar toasts himself, drinks the wine, and then there are several increasingly loud thunderclaps. A hand appears in the clouds and writes nonsense words that neither Idolatry, Vanity, Belshazzar, nor Thought can decipher. Idolatry says Daniel can read them and calls him to do it.

Daniel comes and interprets the words that translate to mean that: One, God has numbered Belshazzar's days on earth. Two, Belshazzar has been weighed in the balance and been found wanting. Three, Belshazzar's kingdom will be a wasteland ravaged by his enemies when Belshazzar dies. All this because Belshazzar has profaned the sacred golden sacramental cups meant only to be used for the Eucharist. Death tells Belshazzar know that there was “death,” or poison, in the cups. Belshazzar cries out for Idolatry to save him, but she cannot. He calls out to Vanity to help him, but she cannot. Belshazzar asks Thought to help him, but Thought reminds him that he did not take heed of the warnings he received. Belshazzar finally calls on Daniel. Daniels says he is God's agent and Belshazzar must take his punishment. Belshazzar wonders who could save him – Death says no one. Death says “Die, thou sinner,” draws his sword, and stabs Belshazzar in the heart. As Death and Belshazzar wrestle, Belshazzar calls out a warning to all men. Idolatry lays down her worship of all other gods for God Himself, asks for forgiveness for Calderón's faults, and says that his intentions as the playwright was to point back to God.

title: Autos sacramentales


text:
User talk:Jberkus

Raku
Welcome to Wikipedia!! Always glad to see another potter working here. Thanks for your additions to the Raku article -- and your praise. I think this little article has come along nicely. If you have any interest, a few potter/editors have been discussing various ways to organize the ceramic/clay articles on Wikipedia. Please see the Pottery discussion page. Look forward to working with you. WBardwin 06:33, 22 October 2005 (UTC)

WBardwin, thanks. Right at this moment I'm writing a stub article about NCECA. I'll follow up with a trip to the Pottery page. Jberkus 06:50, 22 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jberkus


text:
Angelica Rock

Angelica Rock, also known as Angelica Island, is a one-acre rock island emerging from Buzzards Bay, within the town limits of Fairhaven, Massachusetts. The rock is privately owned and is located southwest of Sconticut Neck and Wilbur's Point. The island is home to a number of sea birds as well as a collapsed windmill.

Description, ecology, and nomenclature
The one-acre island has a rocky beach on its east side and a sandy beach on its north side. The surface is a mixture of rock and sea grass. Ribbed mussels live on the beach's rocks.

The Town of Fairhaven refers to the island as "Angelica Island," while official nautical charts refer to it as "Angelica Rock."

History and ownership
In the early 1970s, the island was purchased by Aris T. Papas, a clinical psychologist and professor who intended to build a summer home there. Papas and his son constructed the windmill by hauling materials via rowboat, and the windmill was functional until the blades were destroyed by a storm months later. However, the summer home plans were abandoned and a concrete slab from the project remains there today. The windmill collapsed in the 2010s.

A family member tried to sell the island in the mid 1990s for about $100,000, but had no buyers. The island has been described as a local landmark and is a frequent subject for photographers. The property is still owned by the Papas family.

title: Angelica Rock


text:
Justinne Gamache

Justinne "Jussi" Gamache, also known by her pseudonym Liz Enthusiasm, is the lead singer of indie synthpop band Freezepop. She lives in Massachusetts.

Gamache also works in graphic design, and has done design work on Freezepop's website, albums, and their 2016 Kickstarter campaign. She has created several music videos for Freezepop using then-Macromedia's Flash program.

Gamache writes the majority of her lyrics in English, but has also written songs in Japanese ("Tenisu no Boifurendo"), and French ("Parlez-Vous Freezepop?").

In 2004, Gamache and her best friend and fellow musician, Gordon Merrick, released an internet album titled Best Friends Forever containing six covers, one of a Freezepop song. Gamache and Merrick continued their collaboration on their 2006 Manchester on My Mind EP, which includes covers of such Manchester bands as Inspiral Carpets and The Stone Roses.

Gamache holds two degrees from Boston University School for the Arts.

title: Justinne Gamache


text:
Talk:Goncourt, Haute-Marne

Old talk
Created as part of the WikiProject Missing articles/Encarta_Encyclopedia_topics Paul 00:26, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Goncourt, Haute-Marne


text:
Goncourt, Haute-Marne

Goncourt is a former commune in the Haute-Marne department in north-eastern France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the commune Bourmont-entre-Meuse-et-Mouzon.

title: Goncourt, Haute-Marne


text:
Template talk:Suicide sidebar

Adding "List of suicide sites"?
I'd be interested in any opinions on adding List of suicide sites to the template. - Eric 20:48, 1 February 2006 (UTC)
 * As the list itself states, "jurisdictions and media agencies have ceased collecting statistics and reporting suicides at common sites, in the belief that the reporting may encourage others." Well we're a media agency too. We should follow their example.  We shouldn't promote the act nor those sites as places to commit it, any further than we already have.   Th e Tr ans hu man ist   22:30, 20 February 2007 (UTC)

Parasuicide or attempted suicide not on template
Not sure where to put it parasuicide certainly relevant. Paul foord 11:37, 15 March 2006 (UTC)

Template ordering
I think that resources for suicide should be placed at the top of the template, given the potential for the suicide articles to be read by depressed and suicidal people. Anyone disagree? State your reasons.Wik98 15:50, 15 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Not to mention that your basis for re-ordering fails WP:NPOV and makes the template fail WP:MOS, the look of the template has already been discussed. Just look a few sections up on this page. Prolog 17:29, 15 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Neither WP:NPOV or WP:MOS seem to be a barrier to reordering the template, and I just read them twice to make sure. Furthermore, there hasn't been a discussion about template ordering above. Prolog, I can't help but feel you have been stalking my edits.Wik98 00:27, 16 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Your reason for re-ordering was the potential for the suicide articles to be read by depressed and suicidal people. That is blatant POV. Content on Wikipedia is neither written nor re-ordered by whoever might or might not read it.

 * Talk pages work better on suggestions than reportage of already done changes, especially since consensus was reached earlier. The reason why there isn't any discussion on the ordering of the sections is that it would be redundant. The topic is suicide, so Suicide is first and then the rest in a logical, and not POV-ridden, order. You have less than 50 edits on Wikipedia and almost all have to do about suicide, so I suggest you wait for other users' comments before making more controversial edits. And in regards of stalking, the re-ordering was originally done by 203.214.35.136, so I must have a crystal ball for noticing the edit and knowing that was you. Prolog 10:05, 16 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Having suicide first is POV as well. You are presenting a point of view that it doesn't matter if a small percentage of the audience reading this article is suicidal. This position is not neutral merely because you don't state your assumptions. Indeed, there may be no neutral stand on this issue at all. I am going to ignore your crap about being less of an editor because I haven't made 50 edits, and I am likewise going to edit articles without concern for your bullying behaviour. Actually, I wont do any more edits at all. After dealing with a ignoramus like you, Wikipedia no longer holds any special place in my heart. I now see it for what it is. A few intense hardcore users like you edit articles in fields they are totally unfamiliar with. Perhaps google makes you feel like an expert, so that you feel your position is relevant.But it isn't, believe me...I have contributed to few articles because I recognise that the areas I have expert knowledge in are very limited. For instance, I have recently written a politics science honours thesis on the the extent to which Australian conceptions of masculinity have contributed to the phenomenon of youth suicide. I contributed to the debate on suicide because I felt my research experience gave me a special insight which was missed by the vocal majority. But even though I have a much greater right to be heard than you, I am not. Because at the end of the day, I haven't edited as many articles as you. And, frankly, I can't be stuffed getting involved in an edit war with a dickhead like you. So, you get your wish. Edit this page however you want.

 * You are correct; I don't care how many of the people reading the article are suicidal, and neither does Wikipedia. This is an encyclopedia, not a crisis hotline. Wikipedia is not a doctor, does not give medical advice and is not censored. This is all about neutrality, not a point of view. Keep a cool head and don't resort to personal attacks when editing articles close to you. Prolog 16:50, 17 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Sorry about the personal attack. It's a little frustrating coming to terms with how stupid some positions are. While I agree that wikipedia is not a doctor, and it shouldn't be used for medical advice, I recognise that it is unfortunately used that way. Many inexperienced young people use wikipedia as a resource under the belief that it is as reliable as an encylcopeadia. Yet it clearly is not. I disagree with your assertion that wikipedia is not censored. Censoring by editors like you and I occurs constantly as we remove things we find objectionable.
 * As I stated earlier, your position isn't neutral either. To use a metaphor, it is as if you had connected a stick of dynamite to a detonator with a red button, left the contraption in a childrens playground, and neglected to leave a warning sign because you didn't feel it was your responsibility.203.214.50.104 05:20, 18 September 2006 (UTC)

 * The resources section, if it belongs in the template at all, does not belong at the top; it's POV and unencyclopaedic. I thoroughly endorse Prolog's comments. GideonF 17:05, 17 September 2006 (UTC)
 * It's not POV, and it isn't any less encyclopaedic than suicide methods. Also, the media in general always add crisis hotline information to articles that involve suicide. Look at this article from the age, for example. http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2006/09/18/1158431619134.html203.214.50.104 05:20, 18 September 2006 (UTC)
 * It is POV for Wikipedia to be doing anything that actively discourages, or encourages, suicide. You want the crisis hotline stuff at the top because you don't want people to commit suicide, whereas Wikipedia has no opinion on whether or not people should commit suicide.  It is unencyclopaedic to have the crisis hotline stuff at the top because it's not the most significant encyclopaedic information on the topic.  The template does have crisis hotline information, jutst not at the top.GideonF 12:34, 18 September 2006 (UTC)

Intervention should be top and center. It represents how our entire society is set up to deal with suicide, and though it may be POV with respect to the issues pertaining to suicide, it isn't POV with respect to suicide as a phenomenon. Suicide is an act. An act which, like murder, arson, theft, etc., is against the law. Law is not just a view, it is a rule of society which has punishments attached, and large organizations of law enforcement and judicial personnel to enforce and adjudicate. To present all of that as just a view, is POV, as it skews the picture of what is going on in the real world. Also, society, from the top levels of government to local government jurisdictions to hospitals and the entire medical field, has policies and protocols in place and very actively implemented with respect to suicide in the form of emergency medical response. This is also much more than a view, and involves the expenditure of public funds, the employment of emergency service personnel, and the actions one can expect of almost every doctor. Phenomena and their epiphenomena have greater relevance and a higher position on the reporting hierarchy than issues about those phenomena. Debates or views about the issue of whether or not suicide is right or wrong are secondary to the presentment of what suicide is, and to the organizational measures put in place to manage it. These are physically relevent to the topic, not merely discussions or philosophical positions about the topic as views are. Somehow, in your interest of preserving NPOV, you've lost sight of that. Suicide is far more than just an issue. And so is society's very active response to suicide.  Th e Tr ans hu man ist  19:26, 20 February 2007 (UTC)

 * That still gives too much weight on suicide intervention and suicide contemplation. Suicide, as the article states, is "the act of willfully ending one's own life". Therefore, articles that are directly related to ending one's own life should be first in the template. As you put it yourself: "Suicide is first and formost an act and event". Regardless of how society and medical persons react to it, suicide is always an act, done with a certain method. History of suicide and suicide methods are more related to the topic than suicide intervention and especially the likes of crisis hotline. I'm pretty sure that if there was a template on fire, prevention would not be on top of it either. If you look at its article, protection and prevention is the last section. Prolog 20:42, 20 February 2007 (UTC)

 * The definition is lacking. It should read "the unlawful act of". Also, saving the lives of potential suicide victims is directly related - that's why police, firemen, paramedics, and doctors are all trained to intervene.  With respect to the norms of society, intervention is the most relevant subtopic.  That's why emergency numbers are at the front of every telephone book and 9-1-1 is not only printed on every pay phone (in the U.S.), it's free to call.  Because they are most relevant.  The same applies to the treatment of emergency-related topics in the encyclopedia.  We have to anticipate the needs of readers and what is most relevant to those in greatest need.  So, if a person who is contemplating suicide accesses this template, do you believe it is better that he get a detailed description of how to do it, or that 55% of suicides blow themselves away with a firearm?  That could only help him go through with it.  And what if his mother was looking it up instead?  Do you think she needs that first?  No, she would need to get her kid into medical treatment as soon as possible.  She may have looked it up on Wikipedia because she just didn't know what to do about it.  In such situations, time is at stake, and every second may count.  They can go back to the article and read the rest later after the immediate crisis is taken care of.  You're not thinking in terms of the crisis cases.  The order of presentation needs to be prioritized with respect to them.  After all, Wikipedia is first and foremost a public service.   Th e Tr ans hu man ist   21:09, 20 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Okay, correction: Wikipedia is first and foremost an encyclopedia written by the public to inform the publiic.   Th e Tr ans hu man ist   22:17, 20 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Exactly, Wikipedia is an encyclopedia, not a help service. We should not aim to prevent suicide, or take a position on whether the act is good or bad, but only provide non-biased information about the subject. It does not matter whether the reader is suicidal, a mother of a suicidal person or a regular visitor. Main subtopic about transport is not accidents or how to prevent them. Similarly, intervention or prevention is not the main subtopic of suicide, but the act itself (types, methods, reasons etc.). It is not neutral to list less relevant sections first, neither does that follow the style conventions. As per anon's comment on User talk:The Transhumanist/Help me, can you name any other encyclopedia that has suicide intervention as the most important section of suicide? Also, I have no idea what you mean by "the unlawful act", as suicide is illegal only in some countries. This is the international English Wikipedia, after all. Prolog 02:21, 21 February 2007 (UTC)
 * It's a service alright, a public information service. But, as a member of the public, how can you be so heartless to other members of the public who may not be so fortunate as you?  We're speaking of a single section that would be displayed sooner rather than later in certain articles and lists because it is more relevant to persons in crisis.  All other public services that deal with the issue of suicide place higher priority on intervention than on how to go through with it. We should follow suit; as members of the public in service to the public, we should care about those we serve.  Relevance to them is the most relevant form of relevance: if members of the public are in danger, and we can help them with such a slight alteraton as placing emergency resource information first in the articles they are most likely to turn to for help, then we very well should.  You are applying NPOV here inappropriately, without taking the needs of readers into account.  The "neutral point of view" policy was not intended to make us indifferent to the common welfare nor to disregard the public's safety.  We are members of society first, Wikipedia editors second.  But since NPOV is being applied here in a bad way, another policy is much more relevant.  It states "If the rules prevent you from improving or maintaining Wikipedia, ignore them."  Methods on how to kill oneself can afford to be placed later in this list.  They are the last thing a contemplater or his loved ones need to see.  It doesn't hurt anyone to have the crisis intervention information listed first, while it may very well help many.   Th e Tr ans hu man ist   15:44, 21 February 2007 (UTC)

 * I may seem "heartless" to you, but I am only putting my personal opinions aside and trying to emphasize that articles need to be balanced and non-biased. Although your intentions are certainly good, your changes are more suitable for crisis websites with a goal to prevent suicides, than neutral encyclopedias with no goal to either prevent or encourage. Modifying articles to "help pages" is neither neutral nor encyclopedic. NPOV is not a suggestion or a guideline, it is a core policy. IAR is not applicable here anymore as although you are, in your view, improving Wikipedia with your changes, this view has now been contested by several editors here and at User talk:The Transhumanist/Help me, so I think you should respect that. Prolog 21:35, 21 February 2007 (UTC)

 * I agree with Prolog, that including suicide prevention articles at the top is biased towards stopping suicides. The other articles are much more relevant and should be placed first. I do sympathise with your views but it isn't Wikipedia's job to help the public. Christopher Connor 16:47, 21 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Not having the intervention articles at the top is biased towards assisting suicides, which is exactly what you are doing when you explain or describe how people kill themselves. There's no way to be unbiased here - you will be influencing crisis cases one way or the other.  The material is not balanced in this respect.   Th e Tr ans hu man ist   23:23, 21 February 2007 (UTC)

I agree the current structure of the template makes little sense; the logical structure would seem to be definition, characterization, and raw information (types, history, etc.) followed by viewpoints and assessments (views on suicide) followed by assorted related topics (causes, hotlines, etc.). The articles on suicide prevention make more sense after we've explained the prevailing view that suicide is bad. Further, the "symptoms" section is confusing: threats of suicide are not a symptom; symptoms are physical conditions. Christopher Parham (talk) 01:00, 22 February 2007 (UTC)

My two cents if that's worth anything: we are really kidding ourselves if we believe that the order of presentation in the template will have any impact on people contemplating suicide. This is the same weird logic that believes that kids would not commit suicide if they weren't listening to Marylin Manson. It does not make any sense to choose the order of the template based on the vague (and imo absurd) possibility that someone contemplating suicide will look at the template, see the types of suicide on top and will go "oh, right, I'll just hang myself" whereas the intervention links on top would have pushed him to seek help. Now it is a meaningful debate to choose the ordering based on what makes most sense in terms of content organization but social responsibility objectives should be kept out of it. Pascal.Tesson 02:16, 22 February 2007 (UTC)

I agree with Wik98 per WP:NOT EVIL. Herostratus 18:18, 26 February 2007 (UTC)

reformatted
I've pretty thoroughly reformatted the template. It seems good enough for now; a bigger problem is the sorry state of our suicide articles in general. It's one of those topics where everyone has an opinion so no one bothers to cite sources. We need articles that pass the amnesia test. Night Gyr (talk/Oy) 21:10, 22 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Good work. I think it looks very balanced now and hopefully the main article can be made to match it some day. Prolog 22:15, 22 February 2007 (UTC)

 * I can live with the current order. Thank you, Night Gyr, for taking the initiative.  You've helped us reach a suitable compromise.   Th e Tr ans hu man ist   17:23, 23 February 2007 (UTC)

Euthanasia
Hi! I noticed that Euthanasia is mentioned twice in the template - first under social aspects then again under suicide types. I was inclined to remove it from suicide types, as it isn't a form of suicide, where suicide is defined as intentionally causing one's own death - euthanasia, as current defined in the literature, involves another party performing the act. On those grounds, are there any objections if I remove it from "suicide types", leaving it in "Social aspects"? In relation to the above, I note that "Assisted suicide" is mentioned in "Social aspects", but not in "Suicide types". Would it be ok to move "Assisted suicide" down to the other section? - Bilby (talk) 04:33, 17 January 2011 (UTC)
 * I've made the changes above - given that I don't want to read a lack of response as approval, especially given that this just probably isn't an active discussion page any more, if anyone disagrees I'll have no objection if you want to revert and bring the discussion here. - Bilby (talk) 07:41, 23 January 2011 (UTC)

Socrates did not commit suicide
I noticed that the image for this template is a picture of Socrates reaching for the poison hemlock that killed him. It is a common misconception that Socrates committed suicide, when really he was made to drink the poison hemlock as a method of execution. He did not voluntarily drink the hemlock, although arguably he did throw his trial as a sort of martyrdom for his philosophical beliefs which might be construed to be suicidal. But there has to be some more clear-cut example of suicide that we can use. Socrates was tried, convicted, and executed. AuntieNeo (talk) 07:50, 12 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Agree with this. Also, navboxes don't have to be cluttered by decorative thumbnails. --dab (𒁳) 09:22, 4 December 2016 (UTC)
 * Many do call it that. Sure people argue about it. I do not see this as sufficient justification to remove the image. Doc James  (talk · contribs · email) 09:57, 4 December 2016 (UTC)

Collapse request!
Can someone collapse the template. In shot articles like this it takes all the space, thus no space remains to add graphics related to the article! --Tito Dutta (talk) 13:47, 15 November 2012 (UTC)
 * Does anyone have any comment? --Tito Dutta (talk) 23:41, 14 January 2013 (UTC)
 * Waited for 4 months! Have ✅ it --Tito Dutta (contact) 04:21, 19 March 2013 (UTC)

Requested moves

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: Move Template:Suicide → Template:Suicide sidebar, but no consensus on Template:Suicide2. Brown HairedGirl (talk) • (contribs) 02:59, 10 February 2014 (UTC)

– I suggest we rename Suicide to Suicide sidebar per other sidebar templates, such as Economics sidebar, Philosophy sidebar, and Discrimination sidebar. After doing so, we can move the navbox Suicide2 to Suicide. Cheers, Manifestation 18:56, 3 February 2014 (UTC)
 * Template:Suicide → Template:Suicide sidebar
 * Template:Suicide2 → Template:Suicide
 * Support/Oppose support adding "sidebar" oppose the second move. It should be suicide navbox or suicide footer to describe it as we are describing the sidebar. We shouldn't just assume things are something, when many templates are not sidebars or footers. suicide would then become a disambiguation page. This would also prevent confusion amongst editors used to having the sidebar. It will present an error message and tell you to use a different template instead of suddenly having a navbox a the top of an article that someone is trying to write. -- 70.50.148.248 (talk) 05:10, 4 February 2014 (UTC)

 * Hi! I understand what you mean, but your idea goes against WP's conventions. First: I have never seen a template page being turned into a disambiguation page. Second: I have never seen a navbox having "navbox" in the name. Third: it's actually rather uncommon for either a navbox or a sidebar to have their type as an appendix in their names. See: Category:Navigational boxes and Category:Sidebar templates. The title of the template is usually just the name of the subject they cover, nothing more. If a subject has both a navbox and a sidebar, however, I believe that the navbox is usually presented as 'the main thing'. Examples: Feminism & Feminism sidebar, Psychology & Psychology sidebar, and Islamism & Islamism sidebar.

 * If you think your idea should be put into common practice, then this would mean the renaming of thousands of templates. I don't think anyone feels much for that, but you can always ask. Perhaps you could search Wikipedia talk:Navigation templates and WikiProject Templates to see if someone already brought up the point in the past. If not, a style and naming RfC would draw a lot of people. Cheers, Manifestation 13:46, 4 February 2014 (UTC)

 * On second thought... if my original idea does not have support, I would be fine with your proposal. I'm against the idea of turning Suicide into a dab, but I don't necessarily oppose Suicide navbox. - Manifestation 16:17, 4 February 2014 (UTC)

 * Comment: I just realised that swapping the names of two templates requires much more work then simply renaming them. It requires someone to do this:
 * Change Suicide to Suicide sidebar.
 * Edit all articles that have Suicide transcluded and change it to Suicide sidebar. That's 69 pages.
 * After that, change Suicide2 to Suicide.
 * If there is a consensus on doing this, I'm willing to do the first two steps. I would also do the third step if I could, but I'm not an admin. Cheers, Manifestation 13:56, 4 February 2014 (UTC)

 * Oppose We do not typically use sidebars at WPMED as we have the infobox. We should stick with the the footer that we have. Doc James  (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 15:29, 4 February 2014 (UTC)
 * So you are opposing the existence of the sidebar, Suicide? Ok, but what does WP:MED has to do with it? - Manifestation 16:10, 4 February 2014 (UTC)
 * While it is a medical topic and consensus is only on box on the top of the page to keep it from getting cluttered. Doc James  (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 16:15, 4 February 2014 (UTC)

 * How about Template:Suicide → Template:Suicide sidebar and Template:Suicide2 → Template:Suicide navbox instead? VanIsaacWS Vexcontribs 15:36, 4 February 2014 (UTC)
 * The anon user above also suggested "Suicide navbox". See my reply. - Manifestation 16:10, 4 February 2014 (UTC)

Note
As usual, the move request draws little attention. Note to whoever closes this: I would be fine with it if the templates are moved to the 'navbox' and 'sidebar' names, as the anon and User:Vanisaac above also suggested. - Manifestation 19:28, 8 February 2014 (UTC)

I'll be honest here...
...I was not pleased with the above 'discussion' which resulted in Suicide being renamed to Suicide sidebar, but Suicide2 being left unaltered. Why would you have a template named "Suicide2", especially if you don't have a "Suicide" or "Suicide1"? The closing admin claimed that there was no consensus to move Suicide2, which is not entirely correct.

So I decided to move Suicide2 to Suicide navbox myself. I also removed all transclusions of Suicide2, changing them to Suicide navbox. I did the same with a few remaining instances of Suicide, now changed to Suicide sidebar. On this moment, both redirects are not transcluded on any page (Suicide, Suicide2).

Sorry if this is considered gaming the system. I truly believe this to be the best solution. Because the redirects are unused now, the situation is easily changed again, if there's a consensus to do so. I don't see that happening any time soon though, considering the very low amount of input from others. Cheers, Manifestation (talk) 16:23, 12 February 2014 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 8 September 2015
Please, I only want to edit the Socrates image in the Template, It's should be changed by another picture, because it could suggest a romanticized portrait of the phenomenon. Please, let me change it, by a symbol or and ideograph, it's for practical reasons.

image         =

change by this: http://afsp.donordrive.com/clients/AFSP/img/fbLogo.jpg?v=42243.2736806

Please, don't let my request unanswered.

Thank you very much. Waiting for your answer.

Usuariocontribuyente (talk) 13:40, 8 September 2015 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: The image you have suggested is the logo of the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, which does not appear to be free for use and would unreasonably promote this organization through the template. If you would like to change the image in the template, you should suggest alternatives and develop a consensus here first before making an edit request. Ivanvector 🍁 (talk) 14:56, 8 September 2015 (UTC)

Changed the image from Socrates' poison to Sappho's jump
The former picture was not really representative of the whole concept of suicide, since it required knowledge of the rest of the paining as well as its context. It can also be debated of Socrates committed suicide or simply accepted his death sentence. The painting itself likely suggests the latter. The painitng of Sappho, however, is more like it. It requires no foreknowledge to understand that it depicts a jumper; the open sea to the left showing the infinity of death, and her pose and facial expression on the right displaying the fear and misery of being suicidal. The doubts whether Sappho did die by suicide is irrelevant to the painting, and reflected upon by the image desc. I know that there was previous talk about the image, but decided to do a bold edit to quickly solve this. Feel free to revert and talk or just talk if you disagree :)Gaioa (talk) 14:30, 12 May 2017 (UTC)
 * Sounds good. Doc James  (talk · contribs · email) 17:12, 12 May 2017 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 19 December 2017
Please change the spelling error "paining" to "painting" in the sidebar painting of Sappho & possibly add "Sappho a Greek poet shortly before her rumoured suicide" as a descriptor. Brain Salt (talk) 16:24, 19 December 2017 (UTC)
 * I've corrected the spelling (also the same mistake at Template:Suicide navbox ), but have not added the Greek poet, as IMHO the description long enough already. I'll leave the request open, so another editor can consider this. - Arjayay (talk) 16:47, 19 December 2017 (UTC)
 * Question. By "descriptor," do you mean you want to add that text underneath the image, like a caption? I kind of agree it should have that because, since most people don't know who Sappho was, the image has no apparent use to the typical reader.  City O f  Silver  21:04, 19 December 2017 (UTC)
 * The description is currently visible on hover. Although there is a caption parameter, which can be added (see Template:Sidebar), IMHO a caption, especially such a long one, would be an unnecessary distraction. - Arjayay (talk) 10:02, 20 December 2017 (UTC)
 * , I agree that the hover-caption is already quite long and adding the additional text could be problematic for some devices (e.g., screen readers, etc.). Marking as answered. Eggishorn (talk) (contrib) 17:44, 20 December 2017 (UTC)

Should the content of Template:Suicide sidebar and Template:Suicide navbox be the same?
The templates Discrimination and Discrimination sidebar have the same content, but the former is horizontal and the latter is vertical. Each of them includes a message that says that any edits made to one of them should also be made to the other; for example, the message on Discrimination sidebar says:

Should the content of Suicide sidebar and Suicide navbox be the same, and should there be a similar message on each template? (I ask because I made some changes to one of them but not to the other.) Thanks, Biogeographist (talk) 17:38, 13 December 2018 (UTC)

See also the related deletion discussion at:. Thanks, Biogeographist (talk) 18:12, 13 December 2018 (UTC)

 * Navboxes should generally go at the bottom IMO and are much prefered over sidebars. One should not have both. Doc James  (talk · contribs · email) 20:58, 14 December 2018 (UTC)
 * IMO we should merge the sidebar into the navbox and place the later at the bottom of the pages in question. Doc James  (talk · contribs · email) 20:59, 14 December 2018 (UTC)

 * The preferences of are noted, and I agree that alternate navigation templates with duplicate content should not both be used on the same page; nevertheless such alternate navigation templates do exist, as the example of Discrimination and Discrimination sidebar shows. So there are currently two different proposed options: (1) Should one of Suicide sidebar and Suicide navbox be merged into the other?  has proposed merging the former into the latter (see above). Or: (2) Should Suicide sidebar and Suicide navbox be alternate navigation templates like Discrimination and Discrimination sidebar, with an alert message that any content changes made in one of the templates should also be updated in the other? Biogeographist (talk) 22:38, 18 December 2018 (UTC)

title: Template talk:Suicide sidebar


text:
Dinajpur

Dinajpur (দিনাজপুর ) is a city and the district headquarters of Dinajpur district situated in Rangpur Division, Bangladesh. It was founded in 1786. It is located 413 km north-west of Dhaka in Bangladesh. It is bounded on the north by Suihari, Katapara, Bangi Bechapara, Pulhat, and Koshba on the south; on the east by Sheikhupura; and by the river Punarbhaba on the west.

Geography and climate
Dinajpur is located in the north-western part of the country. It covers an area of 20.7 square kilometers (8.0 sq mi).

It is situated at 25°37′N 88°39′E on the eastern bank of the river Punarbhaba. Dinajpur has a humid subtropical climate (Cwa) that borders a tropical climate and has humid, hot summers, characterized monsoon season and mild, dry winters.

Demographics
According to the 2022 Bangladesh census, Dinajpur city had a population of 212,275 and a literacy rate of 88.79%.

According to the 2011 Bangladesh census, Dinajpur city had 40,929 households and a population of 186,727. 31,320 (16.77%) were under 10 years of age. Dinajpur had a literacy rate (age 7 and over) of 75.37%, compared to the national average of 51.8%, and a sex ratio of 942 females per 1000 males. The ethnic population was 2,402 (1.29%), of which 1,385 were Santal and 777 Oraon.

Education
Over the last 25 years, Dinajpur has attracted some prominent educational institutions, all of which are government financed. They are as follows:

Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University is located 13 km north of Dinajpur town and is one of the prominent institutions in North Bengal. It offers various undergraduate programs such as computer science, BBA, agriculture, fisheries, veterinary medicine and postgraduate programs like agronomy, horticulture and soil science.

Established in 1992, M Abdur Rahim Medical College (former Dinajpur Medical College) is one of the 36 government financed medical institutions located at historical Ananda sagar area in Dinajpur City. Currently, it offers a five-year MBBS Program, along with a one-year compulsory post-graduation internship program. In 2009, Dinajpur city began an English version of education. Some notable English Version schools are: Bethel Int'l School, Dinajpur Ridge School, Dinajpur Labrotary School, Dinajpur Public School, South Point School and Green International School. Dinajpur Polytechnic Institute, Textile Institute Dinajpur, Saint Philip's High School & College, Saint Joseph School Dinajpur, Dinajpur Zilla school, Dinajpur Govt.Girls High School, Dinajpur High School, Dinajpur Police Line School, Dinajpur Collectorate School & College, Dinajpur Govt. College, is one of the best institutions  in Dinajpur.

Tenth educational board of Bangladesh has been established in Dinajpur in 2007. From 2009 S.S.C. (Secondary School Certificate) and H.S.C. (Higher Secondary School Certificate) exams have been started to be taken. In S.S.C. exam for the first time it stood 2nd in the country in the G.P.A. 5 list.

Municipality
At first, after its formation in 1856, the Dinajpur Municipality used to be run by a town committee presided over by the Deputy Magistrate. This was among the first 40 municipalities in Bengal at that time. Later in 1868, the 'District Town Act' commissioned a chairman of the municipality who replaced the Deputy Magistrate and given a similar rank as a District Magistrate. Mr. Patterson was appointed the first chairman of Dinajpur Municipality in 1869. Now present chairman is Syed Jahangir Alam whose family is a descendent from Bihar, India. It’s also indicate how the demography of Dinajpur is largely diversified. People from Maldah, Bihar, Jalpaiguri and Rajsthan state of India can be easily seen sattled here throughout the district and city as well.

Agriculture
Dinajpur is famous for agriculture. Specially Dinajpur is famous for its Litchi and aromatic rice(Katarivog).

Notable people

 * Air Vice-Marshal Mumtaz Uddin Ahmed, Seventh Chief of Airstaff, Bangladesh Air Force.
 * Narayan Gangopadhyay, a Bengali novelist, poet, essayist, and short-story writer, and one of the leading writers of modern Bengali literature.
 * Haji Mohammad Danesh, a Bangladeshi politician and communist activist.
 * Swami Atmasthananda, fifteenth president of the Ramakrishna Math and the Ramakrishna Mission.
 * Debojyoti Mishra, an Indian music director and film composer.
 * Liton Das, Cricketer Playing in Bangladesh National Team.
 * Shawkat Ali, Prominent novelist.
 * Mohammad Farhad, popularly known as "Comrade Farhad", was a guerrilla force commander during the Bangladesh independence war, and the President of Communist Party of Bangladesh and a member of Bangladesh Parliament.

title: Dinajpur


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/10 percenter

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was REDIRECT to Commission, with the reduser vote discounted. -Splash 01:08, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

10 percenter
Wikipedia is not a dictionary of slang - which this article says the term is Eddie.willers 00:27, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I agree to a point- if the slang has any kind of cultural impact or is widely-spread enough that it is part of the vernacular, it deserves an article. In this case, however, it is at best obscure profession-specific jargon, and as such doesn't deserve its own page.  Delete. --PatadyBag 00:29, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Commission. Rob Church Talk 02:01, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * This term isn't all that obscure - it's used in lots of contexts including the track (racetrack) where it refers to someone who will cash your winning ticket for you to avoid tax withholding. But there probably is not much more that can be said about this to take it beyond dicdef so this page should be merged and redirected to Commission or Agent. -EDM 03:54, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * This would make good gay slang. I think I'll invent a new term based on it.  Keep. Voyager640 17:02, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * See for example, the terms at http://www.queerbychoice.com/samesex.html ... perhaps we have a new term on our hands here. Voyager640 15:39, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to comission. In advertising, it's 15% -- should we have a 15 percenter article as well? Sdedeo 20:15, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect per Robchurch -- MicahMN | μ 00:56, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect and merge Elfguy 01:24, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Move to Wiktionary
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User talk:Doubleaqua

Please stop. If you continue to vandalize pages, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia. Stop vandalizing george W. Bush. Andries 00:27, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Doubleaqua


text: User talk:203.172.26.88

title: User talk:203.172.26.88


text:
Phryni

The Phryni (Φρύνοι) were an ancient people of eastern Central Asia, probably located in the eastern part of the Tarim Basin, in an area connected to that of the Seres and the Tocharians.

They are mentioned several times in Classical sources.

Strabo, speaking of the Greco-Bactrian kingdom explains that "they extended their empire even as far as the Seres and the Phryni".

Later, Pliny the Elder includes the Phryni (whom he names "Phruri") in his description of the people of the Far East:

"...After leaving these, we again come to a nation of the Scythians, and then again to desert tracts tenanted by wild beasts, until we reach a chain of mountains which runs up to the sea, and bears the name of Tabis (ie. Tibet). It is not, however, before we have traversed very nearly one half of the coast that looks towards the north-east, that we find it occupied by inhabitants. The first people that are known of here are the Seres, so famous for the wool that is found in their forests (...) and the nation of the Attacori on the gulf of that name, a people protected by their sunny hills from all noxious blasts (...) After the Attacori, we find the nations of the Phruri and the Tochari, and, in the interior, the Casiri, a people of India, who look toward the Scythians, and feed on human flesh."

title: Phryni


text:
Category:Webcomics

Webcomics, online comics, or Internet comics are comics published on a website. While most are published exclusively on the web, as opposed to publication in newspapers and other traditional media. Webcomics can be compared to self-published print comics in that almost anyone can create their own webcomic and publish it. In January 2007, there were an estimated 38,000 webcomics being published. Webcomics range from traditional comic strips to graphic novels and cover many genres and subjects. There are free webcomics as well.

title: Category:Webcomics


text:
Talk:Bott's dots

Should this be moved to Bott's Dots, or is the lower case spelling of dots correct?

title: Talk:Bott's dots


text:
Liberator (video game)

Liberator is an arcade game released by Atari, Inc. in 1982. It is based on the Atari Force comic book series published by DC Comics from 1982 to 1986. Liberator has been described as the opposite of Missile Command, in that the player destroys cities from space instead of defending them from the ground. Only 762 arcade machines were ever made.

The story "Code Name: Liberator" describes the premise of the arcade game in detail and was included as a special insert in two comic books cover dated January 1983. Characters and concepts from the comic exist throughout the game. In the opening screen of the arcade game, Commander Champion of the "Atari Force" asks the player to help free the galaxy from the evil Malaglon Army.

Gameplay
The Liberator controls consist of a trackball, fire button, and shield button. The player controls a coordinated attack from four star ships at the corners of the screen. The primary target of the attack are enemy bases on a rotating planet in the center of the screen. The trackball is used to move a cross-shaped cursor. The fire button fires a missile at the cursor's location from the closest ship. The shield button is used to activate force fields around the ships. The shield can only take four hits each round, and the count is shared between all ships.

At the beginning of each level, the player is flying through outer space and spaceships fly on screen from the left and right and leave in an arc. They try to ram into the player's ships. Shields do not work during this stage.

After this stage, the player is taken to a view of a rotating planet. The most prominent enemies are red flashing missile bases. They shoot missiles, fireballs, and star balls at the player's ships. The enemy bases can also detach from the planet, turn into satellites, and orbit the planet while shooting missiles. Once all missile bases are destroyed, the player moves on to the next level. At higher levels, there is the white master base. It is very intelligent, and it can change the direction or speed of the planet rotation to avoid getting hit. At the end of each stage, the player is awarded a bonus ship for every 20,000 points.

Missiles can be destroyed, although some split into four smaller particles when destroyed. Fireballs take four hits to destroy, but they slow down on each hit. Star balls also take four hits to destroy, but return to normal speed soon after being hit.

Flying saucers sometimes appear from the planet. Flying saucers shoot a large, deadly laser which cannot be stopped.

A level select menu allows the player to start at any third level (1, 4, 7... up to 22).

Legacy
Liberator was released for Microsoft Windows, Xbox, and PlayStation 2 in 2003 as part of Atari Anthology, a collection of Atari arcade and 2600 games.

title: Liberator (video game)


text: User talk:71.111.205.189

title: User talk:71.111.205.189


text:
Talk:Belt (mechanical)

Untitled
The article originally redirected to Conveyor belt, however belts are widely used in mechanical devices and can take many forms. I've added some content and setup Flat belt, Round belt and Vee belt as redirects to here, ultimately those pages deserve content of there own. originated in china. not only known as driving belt but also belt drive and bicyle chain-drive. - Graibeard 00:29, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

belt
the belt made of leather, cotton rubber ,nylon and steel

pitch diameter calculation
I would like to see an article on pitch diameter calculation and on the standard types of synchronous belting along with the pitch line for each type. --Noelstalker (talk) 19:27, 4 August 2009 (UTC)Noel Stalker

Category: Actuators
I included the article in the Actuators category, but Andy Dingley disagreed, arguing “Power transmission yes, but not significantly regarded as an actuator. Linear belt actuators are, but they're a sub-class”.

I argue that a belt drive is a very common form of linear actuator (as is a chain drive). From Sclater, N., Mechanisms and Mechanical Devices Sourcebook, 4th Edition (2007), p. 25, McGraw-Hill: "Mechanical actuators convert a motor's rotary motion into linear motion. Mechanical methods for accomplishing this include the use of leadscrews...ballscrews...worm-drive gearing, and belt, cable or chain drives." That a belt drive may not always be thought of as an actuator doesn’t make it less the case.

I welcome more discussion of the topic. —Catsquisher (talk) 16:53, 10 August 2010 (UTC)

 * The function of an actuator is to produce motion of some part of a mechanism, not merely to transmit power from place to place, unchanged. A ball screw is an actuator, it converts rotary motion to linear. A motor converts electrical power to rotation.
 * Of the articles you've categorized, those I'd dispute include:
 * Chain drive
 * Conveyor belt
 * Screw conveyor
 * Belt (mechanical)
 * The first three simply aren't actuators. Their function is not to generate a movement, that's merely incidental to their function of firstly replicating an existing rotation unchanged, or in the second and third cases, moving a bulk load from place to place.
 * Belt (mechanical) is less clear. There are indeed belt-driven actuators. The common inkjet printer head traverse is usually of this form. However Belt (mechanical) is already far too broad an article and adding this digression too would be making an over-reaching article even worse. A separate article on belt actuators would be appropriate. I admit though it is a borderline case: there are some belts, within the scope of this article, that qualify as actuators. I just don't think this article, or encyclopedia clarity is improved by adding the cat.
 * If you insist, by all means add Actuators to Belt (mechanical). However the others (screw conveyors?) are just plain wrong. Andy Dingley (talk) 00:34, 11 August 2010 (UTC)
 * Hey AD, thanks for the response. I confess that I am suffering from actuator overenthusiasm, but not quite to the extent you've spelled out.  I'll get back to you when I have a moment.—Catsquisher (talk) 03:35, 11 August 2010 (UTC)
 * I’m not clear why you would accept belt drives as actuators, but not chain drives. For example this company makes both types of actuator.  Point taken with 2 & 3. In any case, I wouldn’t insist, just wanted to discuss.  If including an item in a category won’t contribute to the understanding of the article, then I would agree not to include it.  Chain and belt drives are more commonly used and thought of as transmissions, so including their use as actuators may tend to confuse.  I’m happy not to include in the category, unless someone else thinks they should be included.  Thanks for the comments. —Catsquisher (talk) 16:07, 11 August 2010 (UTC)
 * Perhaps too fine a point (or just beating a dead horse), but I still think both belt and chain drive transmissions are essentially comprised of actuators. Rotation of pinion → linear motion of belt or chain → rotation of pinion, and so on.  Cheers, Catsquisher (talk) 16:39, 11 August 2010 (UTC)

 * Belt (mechanical) is the clearest example, but the same thing applies, to a lesser extent, with Chain drive and rack and pinion.
 * All three of these are simple mechanisms, used for a broad range of functions and with a main function that is outside "actuators". Each of these is also used to make actuators.
 * The problem is that the "actuator" use is by far the secondary (not even secondary for belts & chains), so far so that it's misleading to place actuator into the lead (at least clearly so if it appears before the main function). For a belt drive, this isn't even the classic "belt drive" - the translated component is fixed to the belt and the belt can now only reciprocate, it can no longer rotate continuously. It's a development of a belt drive to turn it into an actuator, but it's so far along that it has lost connection to the ur-belt.
 * So I don't care too much about categorizing "belt drive" as an actuator, but this needs to be done in a way that remains clear: that the "actuator" use is a pretty minor one of a much bigger picture. Andy Dingley (talk) 23:14, 11 August 2010 (UTC)
 * AD, I was so ready to just let it go... My desire to include belt and chain drives, and the rack and pinion, in the category of actuator has less to do with their ultimate use or function than the fact that they are actuators.  It's not a secondary aspect of those "simple mechanisms", it's the essential aspect of how those mechanisms operate.  Mechanical actuators are simply mechanisms that convert between rotary and linear motion, per the reference I quoted above.  That applies equally to belt drive, chain drive, and rack and pinion.  Why you say the belt is the clearest example of the three remains unclear to me. What contradictory references can you cite? —Catsquisher (talk) 06:46, 12 August 2010 (UTC)
 * The primary use of belt and chain drives is to take rotary motion of one pulley and use it to rotate another pulley. As this is non-transformative, I don't see it as an actuator. Nor would I see a bellcrank that changed the angle of a linear push-pull motion as an actuator. If the belt drive is used to transform rotary to linear motion, then I'd agree that could be an actuator. Andy Dingley (talk) 08:46, 12 August 2010 (UTC)
 * Andy, you make quite a compelling argument here. I think in this case (that is the belt article) Andy's point is quite legitimate, in that when a belt is used with a sprocket and the end of the belt is used for linear translation it is no longer called a "belt drive"; instead I would think that we are just using a belt and a sprocket to create an actuator. Wizard191 (talk) 12:38, 12 August 2010 (UTC)
 * It's not called a belt drive (in the real world), but then neither is the Wiki article Belt (mechanical), so it's not a big problem. Really though, this whole article wants splitting and re-writing. Andy Dingley (talk) 12:44, 12 August 2010 (UTC)
 * What's not? A linear actuator or a rotating system? Wizard191 (talk) 13:40, 12 August 2010 (UTC)
 * The actuator. When we use "pulley and belt systems" to make a linear actuator, they're not called "belt drives". The "drive" connotation has implications (sourceable back 200 years) of continuous movement for power transmission. Andy Dingley (talk) 23:15, 12 August 2010 (UTC)
 * OK, I'm completely in agreement with that. Wizard191 (talk) 12:35, 13 August 2010 (UTC)
 * I think I may have found the source of disagreement. My point is an abstract one about the principle behind the operation of these devices.   The discussion continues to be brought back to the “real world” question of use, which I was trying to set aside.  I argued that belt and chain drives are actuators by their nature because, regardless of their ultimate use, they convert rotary motion of pinion to linear motion of belt or chain.  AD argued that they are not because they function as transmissions.  Transmission is their most common use (no argument from me there), but what I'm trying to get at is that the transmission occurs through actuation.  AD’s is a much more concrete point than mine.  In any case, if inclusion of the abstract point is more confusing than helpful (and this discussion may have proved that it is), it should remain out of the articles.  —Catsquisher (talk) 17:42, 12 August 2010 (UTC)

New Thread on Actuators
I may be doing a little bit of Devil Advocate play here, but it is not strictly for the sake of play. I came here from some other articles (Chain Pump and Chain Drive), trying to decide if a Chain Pump should be considered an example of a Chain Drive or not. Then I found the discussion on the Chain Drive talk page about actuators, which might imply that if a Chain Pump is an actuator, then it might not be an example of a Chain Drive.

If a Chain Pump is an example of a Chain Drive, and per the Chain Pump article, the earliest examples date from 700 BC, then the Chain Drive article should refer to Chain Pumps as the earliest example (instead of the repeating crossbow from the 3rd Century BC).

On the other hand, if a Chain Pump is an actuator, and an actuator is not a drive, then citing the repeating crossbow as the earliest example would seem to be appropriate. (There might be other arguments to make the repeating crossbow the appropriate earliest example of a chain drive--pursuing the actuator definition is just one that came to mind.)

But, then, continue with the following...

Andy Dingley (talk) 00:34, 11 August 2010 (UTC) posted what I think is a pretty good definition of actuator:

"The function of an actuator is to produce motion of some part of a mechanism, not merely to transmit power from place to place, unchanged. A ball screw is an actuator, it converts rotary motion to linear. A motor converts electrical power to rotation."

Unfortunately, the first paragraph of the Wikipedia article on actuators doesn't seem nearly as good:

"An actuator is a type of motor for moving or controlling a mechanism or system. It is operated by a source of energy, usually in the form of an electric current, hydraulic fluid pressure or pneumatic pressure, and converts that energy into some kind of motion. An actuator is the mechanism by which an agent acts upon an environment. The agent can be either an artificial intelligence agent or any other autonomous being (human, other animal, etc.)."

I suppose these comments should be moved to other appropriate pages, among them Chain Pump, Chain Drive, and Actuator, but I thought I'd see what kind of response I get here first. --Rhkramer (talk) 17:27, 26 April 2012 (UTC)

 * Chain pumps aren't chain drives because they don't drive anything. Their only output is their pumping, not the rotation of the driven sprocket wheel. If this wheel had an output shaft that drove some further mechanism, then perhaps they would be. Andy Dingley (talk) 20:07, 26 April 2012 (UTC)

FAQs
Newbie to the subject with queries

Jargon: Idiosyncratic speed
Link leads to the idiosyncracy meme which does not explain what the term means. Please either edit the meme, sub-class it using a disambiguation page (given it's got a fistful of other meanings already) or delink it with an explanation here.

belts used for linear motion
The current definition in this article -- "A belt is a loop of flexible material used to link two or more rotating shafts mechanically" -- seems to exclude one particular arrangement of a flexible toothed stuff that I've seen on several CNC machines. ( via 4x4'6" CNC plasma table build, Xalky...; via "CNC router drive system";  via "Embroidery machine with XY belt and pinion drive.";  and  via "What is Grbl being used for?"; via OX DIY CNC; etc.) One person calls this arrangement a "belt and pinion drive"("OpenBuilds Belt and Pinion Build Example"). In those CNC machines,

 * Most of the flexible toothed stuff lays on top of a rail, one end rigidly attached to one end of the rail, and the other end rigidly attached to the other end of the rail. (So this toothed stuff is not a "loop" as in the definition).
 * There is only one rotating shaft "mechanically linked" to the flexible toothed stuff, a sprocket (pinion?) on the moving gantry. (The shafts on the idler wheels don't even rotate, much less are "mechanically linked"). (So this toothed stuff doesn't match another part of the definition).

(The above drive system is kind of like the "Everman belt drive system", as used in via "CNC HVLP spray booth", but without the lower toothed rack).

So do we need to tweak the definition in this article to include such non-loop things, or is there some name other than "belt" I should be using for such non-looped flexible toothed stuff? --DavidCary (talk) 06:44, 2 January 2016 (UTC)
 * That certainly warrants coverage, but I think there should only be a brief description here and the main coverage should be at toothed belt. Andy Dingley (talk) 11:27, 2 January 2016 (UTC)

CVT (Continuously Variable Transmission) belts
I wonder if a small section on CVT belts would be appropriate, in particular the segmented metal push-belts that are used in modern automobile transmissions. Obviously not all CVTs use belts, but those that do are common and mechanically distinctive. In some senses, such belts resemble chains (and of course some CVTs do employ chains); however, they have flexible loops (rings or bands) of metal that provide the basic structure, and the segments are not connected to each other, but to the ring packs.

This WeberAuto video has a good explanation of the structure and function: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PiwRUfFEc5k&vl=en

Screwtop (talk) 21:23, 3 March 2019 (UTC)
 * Agreed. --Roly (talk) 21:47, 3 March 2019 (UTC)

Belt crossing
The section on belt crossing is misleading. It says this is done to “even out wear on both sides”. This is at worst untrue and at best misleading. The primary reason (and only reason, to ask anyone who runs flat belt machinery) is to change the direction of the driven shaft. This should be changed, in my opinion. 76.167.94.243 (talk) 12:03, 22 November 2021 (UTC)

fan belt
This page should have the phrase "fan belt" SOMEWHERE on it, as that was once a very common term to use. 172.56.81.140 (talk) 23:32, 16 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Belt (mechanical)


text:
DCE/RPC

DCE/RPC, short for "Distributed Computing Environment / Remote Procedure Calls", is the remote procedure call system developed for the Distributed Computing Environment (DCE). This system allows programmers to write distributed software as if it were all working on the same computer, without having to worry about the underlying network code.

History
DCE/RPC was commissioned by the Open Software Foundation in a "Request for Technology" (1993 David Chappell). One of the key companies that contributed was Apollo Computer, who brought in NCA - "Network Computing Architecture" which became Network Computing System (NCS) and then a major part of DCE/RPC itself. The naming convention for transports that can be designed (as architectural plugins) and then made available to DCE/RPC echoes these origins, e.g. ncacn_np (SMB Named Pipes transport); ncacn_tcp (DCE/RPC over TCP/IP) and ncacn_http to name a small number.

DCE/RPC's history is such that it's sometimes cited as an example of design by committee. It is also frequently noted for its complexity, however this complexity is often a result of features that target large distributed systems and which are often unmatched by more recent RPC implementations such as SOAP.

Software license
Previously, the DCE source was only available under a proprietary license. As of January 12, 2005, it is available under a recognized open source license (LGPL), which permits a broader community to work on the source to expand its features and keep it current. The source may be downloaded over the web. The release consists of about 100 ".tar.gz" files that take up 170 Megabytes. (Note that they include the PostScript of all the documentation, for example.)

The Open Group has stated it will work with the DCE community to make DCE available to the open source development community, as well as continuing to offer the source through The Open Group’s web site.

DCE/RPC's reference implementation (version 1.1) was previously available under the BSD-compatible (Free Software) OSF/1.0 license, and is still available for at least Solaris, AIX and VMS.

DCE is also still available under the previous non open-source license terms from the Open Group website.

Uses
It was used in the UK's National Insurance Recording System (NIRS/2).

It is used by:
 * Pennsylvania State University's student information portal, eLion
 * the older version of HP OpenView Operations for Unix/Windows Agents
 * Microsoft Exchange/Outlook (MAPI/RPC)
 * Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2 for Multiplayer lobbies, making small clouds to decide on a host or lobby migration.

Alternate versions and implementations

 * FreeDCE is the DCE 1.1 reference implementation ported to Linux, supports 64-bit platforms, and is autoconf'd to make porting to further platforms much easier: a Win32 port is underway.
 * Entegrity Solutions licensed the OSF's entire DCE 1.2.2 source code and ported it to Win32, creating a product called PC/DCE - see https://web.archive.org/web/20060106153229/http://support.entegrity.com/private/pcdce32.asp
 * Microsoft's version of DCE/RPC, called "MSRPC", is integrated into Windows NT. MSRPC is derived from the DCE 1.1 reference implementation.
 * Samba contains an implementation of MSRPC that is intended to be network-interoperable and IDL-interoperable with MSRPC. It is not binary-interoperable with MSRPC.
 * The Wine Project contains an implementation of MSRPC that is intended to be binary-interoperable and IDL-interoperable with MSRPC. It is not network-interoperable with MSRPC.
 * In 2008, Likewise Software released an implementation of the DCE 1.1 reference.
 * J-Interop is a working MSRPC implementation in Java. This library can be used on any Non-Windows platform and without using Java Native Interface (JNI) to provide COM access. It is currently used by OpenNMS for retrieving WMI data for system monitoring.
 * Jarapac - DCE/RPC in Java

title: DCE/RPC


text:
Talk:François Paul Grévy

Created as part of the WikiProject Missing articles/Encarta_Encyclopedia_topics Paul 00:31, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:François Paul Grévy


text:
Talk:Grévy, François Paul

Created as part of the WikiProject Missing articles/Encarta_Encyclopedia_topics Paul 00:31, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Grévy, François Paul


text:
Birlinn

The birlinn (bìrlinn) or West Highland galley was a wooden vessel propelled by sail and oar, used extensively in the Hebrides and West Highlands of Scotland from the Middle Ages on. Variants of the name in English and Lowland Scots include "berlin" and "birling". The Gaelic term may derive from the Norse byrðingr (ship of boards), a type of cargo vessel. It has been suggested that a local design lineage might also be traceable to vessels similar to the Broighter-type boat (first century BC), equipped with oars and a square sail, without the need to assume a specific Viking design influence. It is uncertain, however, whether the Broighter model represents a wooden vessel or a skin-covered boat of the currach type. The majority of scholars emphasise the Viking influence on the birlinn.

The birlinn was clinker-built and could be sailed or rowed. It had a single mast with a square sail. Smaller vessels of this type might have had as few as twelve oars, with the larger West Highland galley having as many as forty. For over four hundred years, down to the seventeenth century, the birlinn was the dominant vessel in the Hebrides.

In 1310, King Robert the Bruce granted Thomas Randolph, 1st Earl of Moray a reddendo or charter making him Lord of the Isle of Man in exchange for six birlinns of 26 oars. A 1615 report to the Scottish Privy Council made a distinction between galleys, having between 18 and 20 oars, and birlinns, with between 12 and 18 oars. There was no suggestion of structural differences. The report stated that there were three men per oar.

The birlinn appears in Scottish heraldry as the "lymphad", from the Scottish Gaelic long fhada.

Use
In terms of design and function, there was considerable similarity between the local birlinn and the ships used by Norse incomers to the Isles. In an island environment ships were essential for the warfare which was endemic in the area, and local lords used the birlinn extensively from at least the thirteenth century. The strongest of the regional naval powers were the MacDonalds of Islay.

The Lords of the Isles of the Late Middle Ages maintained the largest fleet in the Hebrides. It is likely that vessels of the birlinn type of galley were used in the 1156 sea battle in which Somerled, Lord of Argyll, the ancestor of the lords, firmly established himself in the Hebrides by confronting his brother-in-law, Godred Olafsson, King of the Isles.

In 1433, Alexander of Islay, Lord of the Isles brought his fleet of war galleys to Ulster to aid his cousin Donald Macdonald, Lord of Dunyvaig and the Glens, and the O'Neills of Tirowen (Tyrone) in defeating the O'Donnells, who were allied with King James of Scotland.

In 1608 Andrew Stewart, Lord Ochiltree was sent by James VI of Scotland to quell feuds in the Western Isles. His orders included the destruction of shipping, named in his commissions as lymphads, galleys, and birlinns belonging to rebellious subjects.

Though the surviving evidence has mostly to do with the birlinn in a naval context, there is independent evidence of mercantile activity for which such shipping would have been essential. There is some evidence for mercantile centres in Islay, Gigha, Kintyre and Knapdale, and in the fourteenth century there was constant trade between the Isles, Ireland and England under the patronage of local lords. It is possible that the resources of the Highlands and Islands were not sufficient to support both naval and trading types of ship, leaving the galley with both roles. The derivation of the word birlinn from the name of a Nordic cargo vessel is suggestive of that situation. Otherwise the chief uses of the birlinn would have been troop-carrying, fishing and cattle transport.

Construction and maintenance
In some ways the birlinn paralleled the more robust ocean-going craft of Norse design. Viking ships were double-ended, with a keel scarfed to stems fore and aft. A shell of thin planking (strake) was constructed on the basis of the keel, the planks being edge-joined and clenched with iron nails. Symmetrical ribs or frames were then lashed to the strakes or secured with trenails. Over most of the ribs was laid a slender crossbeam and a thwart. The mast was stepped amidships or nearly so, and oars, including a steering oar, were also used. The stem and stern post sometimes had carefully carved notches for plank ends, with knees securing the thwarts to the strakes and beams joining the heads of the frames. The hull bore a general resemblance to the Norse pattern, but stem and stern may have been more steeply pitched (though allowance must be paid for distortion in representation). Surviving images show a rudder. Nineteenth-century boat-building practices in the Highlands are likely to have applied also to the birlinn: examples are the use of dried moss, steeped in tar, for caulking, and the use of stocks in construction.

Oak was the wood favoured both in Western Scotland and in Scandinavia, being tough and resistant to decay. Other types of timber were less often used. It is likely that the Outer Isles of Western Scotland had always been short of timber, but birch, oak and pine abounded in the Inner Isles and on the mainland. The abundance of timber at Lochaber was proverbial: "B'e sin fiodh a chur do Loch Abar" ("Bringing wood to Lochaber") was said of any superfluous undertaking.

The tools used are likely to have included adzes, axes, augers and spoon bits, awls, planes, draw knives and moulding irons, together with other tools typical of the Northern European carpenter's kit. As in traditional shipbuilding, generally, measurements were largely by eye.

The traditional practice of sheltering boats in bank-cuttings ("nausts") – small artificial harbours – was probably also employed with the birlinn. There is evidence in fortified sites of constructed harbours, boat-landings and sea-gates.

The influence of Norse shipbuilding techniques, though plausible, is conjectural, since to date no substantial remnants of a birlinn have been found. Traditional boat-building techniques and terms, however, may furnish a guide as to the vessel's construction.

Rigging and sails
Carved images of the birlinn from the sixteenth century and earlier show the typical rigging: braces, forestay and backstay, shrouds (fore and aft), halyard and a parrel (a movable loop used to secure a yard or gaff to a mast). There is a rudder with pintles on the leading edge, inserted into gudgeons. It is possible that use was made of a wooden bowline or reaching spar (called a beitass by the Norse). This was used to push the luff of the sail out into the wind.

Traditional Highland practice was to make sails of tough, thick-threaded wool, with ropes being made of moss-fir or heather. Medieval sails, in the Highlands as elsewhere, are shown as being sewn out of many small squares, and there is possible evidence of reef points.

Aileach: a reconstruction

A reproduction of a 16-oar Highland galley, the Aileach, was built in 1991 at Moville in County Donegal. It was based on representations of such vessels in West Highland sculpture. Despite the good seagoing performance of the vessel, its design has been described as misleading because of an over-reliance in the plan on cramped sculptural images. The vessel was designed with a high, almost vertical, stern and stem. It proved difficult to fit in more than one rower per oar and the thwarts were too close together. Less constricted images from the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries show vessels which are longer and larger.

Ireland
The Irish long fhada seems, from contemporary sources, to have resembled its West Highland equivalent, though there is as yet no archaeological confirmation.

The Annals of the Four Masters record the use of fleets in an Irish context, often with a Scottish connection. In 1413 Tuathal Ó Máille, returning from Ulster to Connacht with seven ships, encountered a severe storm (anfadh na mara) which drove them northwards to Scotland: only one of the ships survived. In 1433 Alexander Macdonald, Lord of the Isles, arrived in Ulster with a large fleet (co c-cobhlach mór) to assist the O'Neills and his cousin, Donald Macdonald, Lord of Dunyvaig and the Glens, in a war with the O'Donnells.

In Ireland oared vessels were employed extensively for warfare and piracy by the O'Malleys and the O'Flathertys, western lords whose base was in Connacht. English officials found it necessary to counter them with similar vessels. The most famous of these local rulers was Grace O'Malley, of whom Sir Richard Bingham reported in 1591 that she had twenty vessels at her command. She, like her father, was engaged in extensive seaborne trade.

There was constant maritime traffic between Ireland and Scotland, and Highland mercenaries were commonly transported by birlinn to Ireland.

Naval technology
The birlinn, when rowed, was distinguished by its speed, and could often evade pursuers as a result. No cannon were mounted even in the later period: the birlinn was too lightly built and its freeboard was too low. It was highly suitable for raiding, however, and with experienced marksmen on board, could mount a formidable defence against small craft. Vessels of this type were at their most vulnerable when beached or when cornered by a heavier vessel carrying cannon.

Possible changes in design
There is some evidence that by the end of the sixteenth century new influences were affecting birlinn design. A carving made at Arasaig in 1641 shows a vessel with a lowered stem and stern. An English map of north-east Ireland made no later than 1603 shows "fleetes of the Redshanks [Highlanders] of Cantyre" with vessels one-masted as before but with a square sail mounted on a sloping yard arm and a small cabin at the stern projecting backwards. Two Clanranald seals attached to documents dated 1572 show a birlinn with raised decks at stem and stern, a motif repeated in later heraldic devices. If such changes occurred, they would reflect influences from the south-east and ultimately from the Mediterranean. The supporting evidence has been criticised for being slight and unconvincing, but there is pictorial evidence for similar developments in the Irish galley.

title: Birlinn


text:
Talk:Isn't Anything

"Reception" section doesn't say anything about the reception
Under "Reception", the first review mentioned is from Allmusic.com, which didn't exist in 1988; the second review mentioned is from about.com, which didn't exist in 1988; the third review is from Entertainment Weekly five years after the fact. I don't get it. Why not instead mention the original reviews in MM and NME in 1988? AllGloryToTheHypnotoad (talk) 22:13, 3 September 2014 (UTC)

I agree, but it's not exactly easy to find contemporary clippings from NME and Melody Maker. I did manage to find a 1988 year-end wrapup from Melody Maker which had a blurb about Isn't Anything.--Larrybob (talk) 21:43, 25 July 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on Isn't Anything. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.guardian.co.uk/albums/Story/0,2763,209104,00.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 02:21, 1 April 2016 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 19:11, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Isn't Anything. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140201213400/http://www.sonymusic.ie/news/my-bloody-valentine-new-releases-friday-4th-may to http://www.sonymusic.ie/news/my-bloody-valentine-new-releases-friday-4th-may
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.guardian.co.uk/albums/Story/0%2C2763%2C209104%2C00.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 13:09, 15 April 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Isn't Anything