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Turf Moor

Turf Moor is an association football stadium in Burnley, Lancashire, England, which has been the home of Burnley Football Club since 1883. This unbroken service makes Turf Moor the second-longest continuously used ground in English professional football. The stadium is situated on Harry Potts Way, named after the manager who won the 1959–60 First Division with the club, and has a capacity of 21,944.

The Turf Moor site has been used for sporting activities since at least 1843, when Burnley Cricket Club moved to the area. In 1883, they invited Burnley to use a pitch adjacent to the cricket field. The first grandstand was not built until 1885, while terraces were also added to each end of the ground in the same year. Between the mid-1950s and mid-1970s, all stands were rebuilt. Turf Moor underwent further refurbishment during the 1990s, when the Longside and the Bee Hole End terraces were replaced by all-seater stands following the recommendations of the Taylor Report. The ground comprises four stands: the Bob Lord Stand, the Cricket Field Stand, the North Stand and the Jimmy McIlroy Stand.

In 1886, Turf Moor became the first football ground to be visited by a member of the Royal Family, when Prince Albert Victor attended a friendly match between Burnley and Bolton Wanderers. The first Football League match at the ground took place in October 1888; Fred Poland scored the first league goal at the stadium. In 1922, Turf Moor hosted its only FA Cup semi-final and, in 1927, it was the venue of an international match between England and Wales. The stadium's record attendance was set in 1924, when 54,775 people attended an FA Cup third round game between Burnley and Huddersfield Town.

Early years and construction
Burnley is in Lancashire in Northern England on the edge of the Pennines; its River Brun drains the moors to the east. During the Middle Ages, the Turf Moor area was one of the town's commons and the inhabitants probably cut turf here for fuel. Sport has been played at the Turf Moor site since at least 1843, when Burnley Cricket Club made the area their home. Before 1840, there was a short-lived attempt to host an annual horse (turf) race. In 1878, rugby football club Burnley Rovers played a side from Bacup in an evening match to demonstrate electric lighting. The pitch was surrounded by only three lamps which were powered by a small engine; the experiment cost £39 (the equivalent of £0 as of ) but was unsuccessful as the darkness caused many spectators to leave early. In January 1883, the cricket club leased seven acres of land between the cricket field and Bee Hole Colliery to the east. The following month, they invited association football team Burnley to move from their original home at Calder Vale to the pitch adjacent to the cricket field. Burnley donated £65 (the equivalent of £0 as of ) toward the setup costs. Burnley played their first match at Turf Moor on 17 February but lost 6–3 against Rawtenstall; according to a local newspaper, "a high wind made correct play impossible". Committee member Charles Riley subsequently appointed himself Turf Moor's first groundsman.

Attendances during the early years averaged around 2,000, although a crowd of 12,000 was at the ground in March 1884 to see Burnley play local rivals Padiham. Spectators had to congregate around the pitch or watch from the hill at the back of Turf Moor, so in 1885 the club built an 800-seater wooden grandstand along the south side of the ground, along Brunshaw Road (as it was then known), and installed uncovered standing areas (terraces) for 5,000 people at each end of the pitch. In that year, a dispute broke out as the cricketers complained that the footballers left the shared dressing room uncleaned and did not pay toward repairs. In October 1886, Turf Moor became the first football ground to be visited by a member of the Royal Family: Prince Albert Victor attended the friendly match between Burnley and Bolton Wanderers, while he was in the town to open a new hospital.

Turf Moor hosted its first Football League match on 6 October 1888—an encounter between Burnley and Bolton Wanderers. Burnley forward Fred Poland scored the first league goal at the ground after five minutes, and the team defeated Bolton 4–1. In 1889, after more disputes, Burnley separated from the cricket club and agreed to pay £77 per year (the equivalent of £0 as of ) to rent the stadium, and subsequently increased their ticket prices from four to six pence (the equivalent of £0 as of ) to the dissatisfaction of the supporters. In 1891, another local football team, Burnley Union Star, disbanded and abandoned their ground, which included a grandstand. Burnley bought the stand and moved it to the north side of Turf Moor, where it became known as the Stars Stand. Turf Moor hosted its first floodlit football match in March of the same year, between Burnley and Nelson; 16 creosote-fuelled lamps were placed on poles at intervals along the sides of the pitch. Spectators reported that while the edges of the field were sufficiently lit, there was a dark area in the centre.

The Stars Stand was demolished in 1898 and replaced by a larger grandstand, which continued to be referred to as the Stars Stand by the supporters. In 1903, Burnley built a second tier on the Brunshaw Road Stand to accommodate club offices, and in September of that year, the club hosted its first annual general meeting at Turf Moor. The Stars Stand was extended in 1909 with new turnstiles and barricades erected in preparation for the FA Cup quarter-final game against reigning Football League champions Manchester United. In 1911, the club unveiled plans for the rebuilding of the Brunshaw Road Stand; former Burnley forward Arthur Bell was the architect for the project. A strike amongst railway workers delayed the deliveries of steelwork for the new roof but spectators were still able to use the stand in time for Burnley's first league game of the 1911–12 season against Leeds City. Work on the dressing rooms had not been completed so players from both teams changed in the adjoining cricket pavilion. The stand cost the club £5,000 (the equivalent of £0 as of ) and could accommodate over 5,500 spectators, including 2,200 seated places. By this time an L-shaped embankment had been constructed, possibly with spoil from the coal mine, stretching from the eastern goal around the northeast corner to the halfway line.

Development and decline
In 1913, the Burnley directors decided to demolish the Stars Stand for a second time and opted instead to expand the uncovered embankment. The Brunshaw Road Stand was also extended to run the whole length of the pitch. In 1914, a roof was constructed to cover the terracing at the Cricket Field End. The developments increased the ground's capacity to around 50,000, almost equal to the town's male population. Burnley won the FA Cup that same year, and they were crowned First Division champions in 1920–21. During that season, the team went unbeaten in 30 consecutive league matches—at that time an English record—and won 18 consecutive games at Turf Moor. The average home attendance was more than 30,000, a club record at the time. In 1922, Turf Moor hosted its only FA Cup semi-final; around 46,000 spectators saw Huddersfield Town defeat Notts County 3–1. The Football Association demanded that the pitch be lengthened to 115 yd for the match, although afterwards it was returned to its dimension of 111 yd. On 23 February 1924, Burnley beat Huddersfield 1–0 in the FA Cup third round in front of 54,775 supporters, still the record for Turf Moor. As a result of the large crowd, one supporter lost his life in a human crush. Turf Moor hosted its only senior international fixture in 1927 when England played Wales. The Englishmen lost 2–1, as Burnley captain Jack Hill scored an own goal to give the visitors the win. In 1932, a hut and scoreboard were installed at the Bee Hole End embankment—named after the Bee Hole Colliery—with funds from Burnley's newly founded supporters' club.

In 1938, the club announced that a covered terrace would be built on the site of the old Stars Stand. The plan was delayed by the outbreak of the Second World War, but the new Longside terrace was eventually completed in 1954. Constructed on the four-decade-old embankment, the club spent £20,000 (the equivalent of £0 as of ) on the roof alone. The terrace was built with help from the Burnley youth players. In 1955, Burnley became one of the first clubs to set up a purpose-built training centre, on 80 acres of farmland at Gawthorpe Hall purchased by their new chairman, Bob Lord. The club installed permanent floodlights in 1957, which were first used during a friendly against local rivals Blackburn Rovers. Around this time, terracing was added to the banking at the Bee Hole End. As a result of Burnley's 1959–60 First Division title win, Turf Moor hosted its first ever European Cup match on 16 November 1960; Jimmy Robson and Jimmy McIlroy scored early in the first half as Burnley recorded a 2–0 victory over French team Stade de Reims. In 1969, the Cricket Field Stand was built at a cost of £180,000 (the equivalent of £ as of ) and incorporated the changing rooms, which made Turf Moor one of the few English grounds to have the players' tunnel behind one of the goals. It was the first stand to include oil-fired heating for supporters, with hot air blown through holes under the seats. The system was abandoned after two seasons due to the costs. The club also extended the open terrace at the Bee Hole End in 1970, with the aim of increasing its capacity to around 20,000.

Lord hired Cambridge Soil Services to re-lay the pitch in 1974, and to install new drainage technology and under-soil heating. Neither came into operation; Lord found them uneconomical, partly because of a major rise in oil prices. The pitch was also raised and the slope that had existed was minimised. Lord then replaced the Brunshaw Road Stand with a single-tier stand named after himself, which was opened in the same year by former prime minister Edward Heath. The Bob Lord Stand could accommodate 2,500 supporters; it cost £450,000 (the equivalent of £ as of ), which was partly financed by Martin Dobson's transfer to Everton and caused some fans to dub it the "Martin Dobson Stand". In 1978, Scottish club Celtic visited Turf Moor for the Anglo-Scottish Cup quarter-final first leg match. The Celtic fans rioted and hurled bottles, stones and iron railings; 60 supporters were injured. Burnley won the game 1–0 and defeated the Scots 2–1 in the return leg; the team won 3–1 on aggregate and went on to win that year's cup final.

A drop in home attendances combined with increased debt caused a rapid decline in the team's fortunes between the late 1970s and the early 1990s. Burnley were left with little money to invest in the stadium's redevelopment and safety work. In 1992, 17-year-old apprentice footballer Ben Lee was killed when he fell through the roof of the ageing Longside terrace as he tried to retrieve a football during training. The author Simon Inglis noted that the Longside "symbolised how far Turf Moor, once deemed to be so modern, had fallen behind".

Conversion to all-seater
Following the Hillsborough disaster in 1989, when a human crush on the terraces of the Hillsborough Stadium caused 97 fatalities, the Taylor Report was published in 1990. It proposed the introduction of all-seater stadiums in the top two divisions of English football by the start of the 1994–95 season. Burnley competed the 1994–95 season in the second tier, but were relegated to the third tier at the end of the year. As a result of their season at the second level, Burnley were granted £2.25 million (the equivalent of £ as of ) by the Football Trust in April 1995 to convert Turf Moor into an all-seater stadium, which had to be spent within 12 months. The club contracted the Lincolnshire-based Linpave company in September 1995 to build two stands in place of the Longside and the Bee Hole End terraces at a total cost of £5.2 million (the equivalent of £ as of ). The last match in front of the Longside was played on 16 September—Burnley won 2–1 against Hull City. The two-tiered North Stand was built in its place and was opened in April 1996 for the visit of Bristol Rovers. It was later renamed the James Hargreaves Stand due to a sponsorship deal. A day after the North Stand had opened, demolition of the Bee Hole End started. The Jimmy McIlroy Stand, named in honour of the former Burnley player, was completed in September 1996 and took the stadium's capacity to 22,619.

In 2006, Burnley sold Turf Moor and the Gawthorpe training ground to Longside Properties to resolve their financial problems following the 2002 ITV Digital collapse—Burnley lost over 30 per cent of their income due to the loss of expected television revenue. The club's chairman Barry Kilby owned 51 per cent of Longside Properties' shares. The following year, the club revealed plans for a £20 million (the equivalent of £ as of ) redevelopment of Turf Moor and Gawthorpe, to be carried out in six phases and expected to be completed by 2010. Among the ideas was the demolition of the Cricket Field and the construction of a stand that would incorporate a hotel, restaurant, business centre and cricket pavilion. Planning permission for the first stage of developments was granted in April 2008, but in October, the club delayed the project as a result of the global financial crisis. The plans were again put on hold in 2010, due to Burnley's relegation from the Premier League and a projected recession.

Turf Moor and Gawthorpe returned to Burnley ownership under co-chairmen John Banaszkiewicz and Mike Garlick in 2013, after support from private investors. Following promotion back to the Premier League in 2014, the players' tunnel was relocated to the corner between the James Hargreaves and the Cricket Field Stands. In 2016, a new club shop was built between the Jimmy McIlroy and Bob Lord Stands as part of an extension to the stadium. In 2019, the wooden seats in the Cricket Field's away section were replaced with plastic seating. The club also built two corner stands for disabled home supporters between the Jimmy McIlroy and both the James Hargreaves and Bob Lord Stands to meet the Accessible Stadium Guide regulations. In December 2020, American investment company ALK Capital acquired an 84% stake in Burnley for £170 million in a leveraged takeover. Under the new owners, the Preston-based ADI installed digital signage and large LED screens at Turf Moor in 2021. Safe standing was introduced in a part of the Cricket Field Stand at the end of the 2023–24 season.

Structure and facilities
Turf Moor's pitch measures 105 x and is surrounded by four stands: the Bob Lord Stand, the Cricket Field Stand, the North Stand and the Jimmy McIlroy Stand. The two newest stands, the North and the Jimmy McIlroy, each have two tiers, while the Bob Lord and the Cricket Field are single-tiered. In 2010, Burnley installed a hybrid grass (Desso GrassMaster) pitch at a cost of £750,000 (the equivalent of £0 as of ), which was funded by the revenue from their stay in the Premier League. It replaced the natural grass surface which often cut up during the winter months. The stadium has a capacity of 21,944, which is approximately one seat for every three inhabitants of the town—one of the highest ratios in English football.

The North Stand was constructed in 1996. It can accommodate around 8,000 spectators and runs parallel to the length of the pitch. The television gantry and the press box are both situated at the back of the North. The stand's suite has been licensed since 2005 to hold civil wedding services and it can also be used for banqueting events. The Jimmy McIlroy Stand was erected in 1996 and is situated at the eastern side of the pitch with an approximate capacity of 6,000. The North and Jimmy McIlroy Stands together house the stadium's corporate hospitality boxes. The Jimmy McIlroy's upper tier is the designated family area. A memorial garden is located behind the stand and includes a dugout replica with an image of former manager Brian Miller with his hands aloft, which was taken before Burnley's match against Orient in 1987; Burnley defeated their opponents in the final game of the season and avoided relegation from the Football League.

The Bob Lord Stand, constructed in 1974, has a capacity of around 4,000 and runs parallel with Harry Potts Way, named after Harry Potts, the manager who won the 1959–60 First Division with Burnley. It houses the club's trophy room as well as the directors' box and a corporate area. The Burnley club shop is located between the Bob Lord and Jimmy McIlroy Stands. The Cricket Field, opened in 1969, is Turf Moor's oldest stand. It houses home and away fans and has a capacity of around 4,000. The stand backs onto Burnley Cricket Club's pavilion and contains both teams' dressing rooms and the officials' lounge. Since the 2000s, the Cricket Field Stand has been renamed the David Fishwick Stand, the Ladbrokes Stand and the Barnfield Construction Stand for sponsorship reasons.

Burnley opened the world's first higher education institution with university degrees in the football and sports industry in 2011. It was named the University Campus of Football Business and was set up at Turf Moor. Other campus locations were later opened at Wembley Stadium, London, and at the City of Manchester Stadium, Manchester.

A popular drink served at Turf Moor since the First World War is "Béné & Hot"—the French liqueur Bénédictine topped up with hot water. The East Lancashire Regiment soldiers acquired a taste for the liqueur while stationed at the birthplace of the beverage in Fécamp, Normandy, during the war. They drank it with hot water to keep warm in the trenches, and the surviving soldiers later returned to the East Lancashire area with the liqueur. More than 30 bottles are sold at each game, which makes the club one of the world's biggest sellers of Bénédictine; Turf Moor is the only British football ground to sell it.

Other events and uses
The stadium was used for a game between the Football League XI and the Scottish Football League XI in 1914; the Scots beat their English counterparts 3–2. The Football League team included Burnley players Teddy Hodgson, Eddie Mosscrop and Tommy Boyle; the latter scored from a penalty kick. In 1922, Turf Moor hosted its only FA Cup semi-final, and in 1927, the ground staged its only senior international fixture when England played Wales. England B and England's junior sides have also played at the stadium on several occasions, at under-21, under-20 and schoolboy levels. Turf Moor was one of the venues for the 1983 UEFA European Under-18 Championship and hosted the group stage match between Czechoslovakia and West Germany. The England women's team played their first match at Turf Moor in September 2003 against Australia, which was the stadium's first international women's game. The ground hosted several women's charity matches in the early 1920s; the first was in March 1920, when Dick Kerr's Ladies played Liverpool Ladies in aid of the National Association of Discharged Sailors and Soldiers. In April 2023, Burnley F.C. Women played their first game at Turf Moor, winning 2–1 against Liverpool Feds in an FA Women's National League North match in front of almost 3,000 supporters.

Football clubs other than Burnley have played "home" matches at the ground. From 1902 to 1904, the club shared Turf Moor with Burnley Belvedere, members of the Lancashire Amateur League, as Burnley had financial difficulties. The FA Cup first round game between Accrington Stanley and Scunthorpe United in 1993 was held at the stadium. During the late 1980s, local club Colne Dynamoes were rapidly progressing through the English non-league system. Colne's chairman-manager, Graham White, had a proposal rejected by the Burnley board for a groundshare, and he even attempted to buy the club in 1989. The ground has also been used for other sporting activities than football, including an exhibition lacrosse match in 1912 and an American football game in 1987.

Records
Turf Moor has been Burnley's home ground since 1883. This unbroken service makes the stadium the second-longest continuously used ground in English professional football, behind Preston North End's Deepdale. Burnley are one of the best supported sides in English football per capita, with average attendances of 20,000 in the Premier League in a town of approximately 73,000 inhabitants.

The highest attendance recorded at Turf Moor is 54,775 for a match against Huddersfield Town in the FA Cup third round on 23 February 1924. In an FA Cup fifth round replay game against Bradford City in 1960, there was an official attendance of 52,850. Some of the gates were broken down, and many uncounted fans went into the ground. The highest attendance at a league match is 52,869 against Blackpool in the First Division on 11 October 1947. The lowest attendance recorded is 400 for the Second Division fixtures against Barnsley and Gainsborough Trinity on 30 March 1901 and 8 March 1902, respectively. The highest seasonal average attendance for Burnley was 33,621 in the First Division in 1947–48, while the lowest average home attendance was 1,500 in 1902–03 in the Second Division.

Transport
Turf Moor is approximately 0.5 mi east of Burnley's town centre. The ground sits adjacent to the A671 and A6114 roads, and near to the M65 motorway. As most of the stadium's surrounding streets have parking restrictions on matchday, away supporters are advised to park at the cricket club or to use the car parks in the area. The closest railway station to the ground is Burnley Manchester Road, which is a 15-minute walk from Turf Moor. The other railway station is Burnley Central, which is a 20-minute walk away and is mainly served by local trains. The Burnley bus station is relatively close to the ground; a bus ride to Turf Moor takes about five minutes.

title: Turf Moor


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Wiltz

Wiltz (Wolz or (locally) Wooltz ) is a commune with town status in north-western Luxembourg, situated in the canton of the same name. Wiltz is situated on the banks of the river Wiltz. It was also a battleground in the Battle of the Bulge, near the end of World War II. A local airfield (near the village of Noertrange) was used by both sides of the conflict, depending on the location of the Front.

, the town of Wiltz, which lies in the south of the commune, has a population of 5,848.

Populated places
The commune consists of the following villages:

 * Wiltz Section:
 * Roullingen
 * Weidingen
 * Wiltz
 * Batzendellt (lieu-dit)
 * Kautenbach (lieu-dit)
 * Lameschmillen (lieu-dit)
 * Niederwiltz (lieu-dit)
 * Nocher-Route (lieu-dit)

 * Eschweiler Section:
 * Eschweiler
 * Erpeldange
 * Knaphoscheid
 * Selscheid
 * Eschweiler-Halte (lieu-dit)
 * Klenghouschent (lieu-dit)

History
The name "Wiltz" comes from a Celtic word meaning "on the creek." Wiltz was originally inhabited by the Celts, and was first documented in 764AD. It received its town rights in 1240. The counts of Wiltz are among the oldest in Luxembourg.

One of the main features of the town is Wiltz Castle which belonged to the former Counts of Wiltz. This castle, which is situated on 600 acre of lawns and gardens, contains hundreds of rooms. It was completed in 1727, and the final Count died in 1793. It served as a private girls school from 1851 until 1950, and became a retirement home after that. The industrialisation of Wiltz was advanced in the late 19th and early 20th century by the leather industry, namely by IDÉAL Tannerie de Wiltz S.A. belonging to the Adler & Oppenheimer trust.

During World War II, Luxembourg was occupied 10 May 1940 (the first day of the Battle of France). On 31 August 1942, a general strike was initiated in Wiltz, that spread throughout the country.

On 16 December 1944, the Wehrmacht surprisingly began the Ardennes Offensive. Norman Cota, the commander of the 28th Infantry Division and his staff left Wiltz when the Germans came nearer. In the evening of 19 December, after some combat, the last Americans left Wiltz.

In January 1945, Wiltz was again liberated by American troops after intensive combats during the days before.

Wiltz was named Martyr Town after the war. A monument representing a lighthouse was erected to commemorate the victims of the repression following the 1942 General Strike.

In 2015, Wiltz absorbed the neighbouring commune of Eschweiler.

Wiltz' "American St. Nicholas"
In 1944, Wiltz had been under German occupation for about four years; among the many negative effects of the occupation, they had been unable to hold their traditional St. Nicholas Day celebrations. After American troops arrived in Wiltz in the fall. Members of the 28th Infantry Division decided to do what they could for the children of Wiltz and organized a holiday celebration to lift their spirits.

Soldiers pooled their rations to provide candy and chocolate for the children. Corporal Richard Brookins, a tall encryptionist and projectionist, was recruited to portray St. Nicholas himself (Kleeschen in Luxembourgish), making use of the local priest's vestments, a beard of rope, and a bishop's miter constructed by the local nuns. On December 5, 1944, he was driven through town in a jeep, rather than the traditional carriage, and gave out candy to the children. The role only lasted a few hours, and in less than two weeks the German forces had pushed back into Wiltz as part of the Battle of the Bulge. But the people of Wiltz didn't forget what the Americans had done for them.

In 1947, Wiltz reinstated their Saint Nicholas Day celebrations, but the goal was not just to honor St. Nicholas, but also to honor the "American St. Nick", as a representative of all of the American forces who had fought to liberate Luxembourg. His identity remained a mystery until 1977, when Brookins' fellow infantryman Frank McClelland tracked him down and delivered a handwritten message from the people of Wiltz inviting Brookins back to town. Brookins had had no idea his brief role had been remembered after all that time. Brookins would return to Wiltz six times, the last in 2014. He was granted honorary citizenship of Wiltz, and in 2009 they erected a monument in his honor. In 2016, the government of Luxembourg awarded him the Luxembourg Military Honor Medal; he died in 2018, aged 96.

Town Centre
Wiltz has a quiet town centre. There is an outdoor musical hall with bands and classical musical shows held typically every fortnight. Looking out from the hill on the music hall one will see the largest lake in the country at Esch-sur-Sure, located around 20 km away. A local multi-carriage tourist "road-train" takes visitors around the village and its surroundings on the hour.

There is also an international soccer training pitch. In the heart of Wiltz there is plenty to see with a second world war tank parked in the main plaza. One of the most popular nights out is the summer rave held 10 km in the wilderness. A local farm has been transformed into a pub and rave club, this is a favourite night out for scout units (male and female).

Attractions
Wiltz is a major centre for the international scouting movement. There are many scout campsites and buildings surrounding the town. The International Scouting One Penny Monument, dedicated to Robert Baden-Powell, is located in Wiltz.

Nearby Wiltz, on a hill overlooking the town, the Sanctuary of Our Lady of Fatima is the site of an annual pilgrimage on Ascension Day. In particular it attracts many of the Portuguese people who form a sizeable proportion of the population of Luxembourg.

The Festival of Wiltz, a music and performing arts festival, takes place every summer.

Tourism
In 2015 it was the venue for the Linuxbierwanderung.

Notable people

 * Paul Wilwertz (1905–1979) a Luxembourgish politician and Mayor of Luxembourg City
 * Richard Brookins (1922–2018), soldier in WWII and honorary citizen, the "American St. Nick"
 * Romain Schneider (born 1962) a Luxembourgish politician, former mayor of Wiltz and former Minister of Agriculture
 * Kevin Malget (born 1991) a Luxembourgish international footballer, 36 caps for Luxembourg

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Wiltz


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Brother Jonathan (steamer)

Brother Jonathan was a paddle steamer that struck an uncharted rock near Point St. George, off the coast of Crescent City, California, on July 30, 1865. The ship was carrying 244 passengers and crew, with a large shipment of gold. Only 19 people survived, making it the deadliest shipwreck up to that time on the Pacific Coast of the United States. Based on the passenger and crew list, 225 people are believed to have died. Its location was not discovered until 1993 and a portion of the gold was recovered in 1996. The ship was also instrumental in setting off the 1862 smallpox epidemic in the Pacific Northwest, which killed thousands of Indigenous people in the region.

Initial construction
The ship was built by Perrine, Patterson, and Stack in Williamsburg, Brooklyn, and launched on November 2, 1850. It was commissioned by Edward Mills, a New Yorker who tried to operate a shipping business during the California Gold Rush, and was named after Brother Jonathan, a character personifying the region of New England. When built in 1851, it was 220 ft long and 36 ft wide. Its route was from New York to Chagres, Panama, and on its first journey it set a record for the then-fastest round-trip – 31 days. Passengers would cross the Isthmus of Panama and make their way north to California via another ship.

In 1852 the ship was purchased by Cornelius Vanderbilt, who operated a competing line, to replace one of his ships that had been wrecked. Vanderbilt had Brother Jonathan sail around Cape Horn and used it on the Pacific side of the route. Vanderbilt also had the steamer modified to accommodate more passengers.

Uses
Vanderbilt's company had had an exclusive contract ferrying passengers across the isthmus through Nicaragua, but in 1856 the Nicaraguan government cancelled the agreement. The ship was then sold to Captain John Wright, renamed Commodore and put on West Coast routes, including from its new home port of San Francisco to British Columbia, as gold prospectors travelled to the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush.

The ship played a small but symbolic role in the history of the state of Oregon. After President James Buchanan signed the bill admitting Oregon to the Union on February 14, 1859, the news was wired to St. Louis, carried by stagecoach to San Francisco, and loaded on Commodore on March 10. On March 15, the ship docked in Portland, delivering the official notification of statehood to the people of Oregon.

By 1861, the ship had fallen into disrepair and was sold again to the California Steam Navigation Company, who retrofitted it, restored the original name of Brother Jonathan, and kept it on the northward route from San Francisco to Vancouver via Portland, allowing prospectors to work the Salmon River Gold Rush. Over the next several years, the vessel gained a reputation as being one of the finest steamers on the Pacific Coast, being the fastest ship to make the run, sixty-nine hours each way.

However, in the summer of 1865 the ship suffered a collision with a barkentine on the Columbia River, damaging the hull. Captain Samuel DeWolf, who had just assumed command of the vessel in June, recommended that the ship be repaired in dry dock, but the company performed the repairs while still in the water, as there was so much business that a backlog of cargo began to form.

1862 smallpox epidemic
When Brother Jonathan traveled north from San Francisco and arriving in Victoria, British Columbia, on 12 March 1862, it brought along a miner infected with smallpox. When the disease began to infect indigenous people camped around Victoria, colonial authorities forced them to leave but as they made their return trip home, they spread the disease throughout the Salish Sea area and Pacific Northwest, from Puget Sound to southern Alaska. According to historian John Lutz, "The citizens of Victoria, one could say, panicked. Or, one could say, with a less charitable view, that they deliberately drove the Indigenous people out of town, and that spread the disease back to their home communities up and down the coast."

Estimates of the death toll vary. Portland State University anthropologist Robert T. Boyd suggests that, by the end of 1862, 14,000 indigenous people along the coast had died from the outbreak. Other estimates suggest that, over the next year, at least 30,000 indigenous people in the region died. At least half of the population of indigenous peoples along the coast died, leaving behind "mass graves, deserted villages, traumatized survivors and societal collapse" that facilitated the colonization of the area.

Shipwreck
On its last voyage, the ship had been heavily loaded and according to DeWolf's widow, he felt that the ship sat too low in the water, even without the passengers, but he was told that if he did not set sail, he would be fired and replaced by someone else. When it came time to depart, the bottom of the ship had sunk into the mud and they had to wait until high tide for a tugboat to pull her out. However, later historians determined that the actual load was no more than 700 tons, well below its 900-ton carrying capacity.

Within hours of leaving San Francisco Bay for Portland and Victoria, it ran into a gale. Most of the passengers became seasick and stayed in their cabins. Early on Sunday morning, July 30, 1865, the steamer anchored in Crescent City harbor on the first leg of its trip. After leaving the safety of the bay that Sunday afternoon, the ship encountered more stormy conditions. The seas were so bad near the California / Oregon border that the captain ordered the ship turned around for the harbor of Crescent City. Fifty-five minutes later on that return and close to port, the ship struck a rock, tearing a large hole in the hull. A heavy ore crusher had been loaded in the cargo hold directly above the portion of the hull that had been repaired a month earlier and smashed through it as well. Within five minutes, the captain realized the ship was foundering and ordered the passengers and crew to abandon ship.

Although there were enough lifeboats to hold all of the people on board, only three boats could be deployed. Acts of courage and desperation, fear and self-sacrifice, were numerous. The rough waves capsized the first lifeboat that was lowered and smashed the second against the vessel's sides. Only a single surfboat, holding eleven crew members, five women, and three children, managed to escape and make it safely to Crescent City. Four boats in the harbor tried to reach the sinking ship but were forced to turn back by the storm.

Among the victims were:
 * Brigadier General George Wright, the former Union Commander of the Department of the Pacific, now on his way to take over the Department of the Columbia and his wife Margaret
 * Dr. Anson G. Henry, Surveyor General of the Washington Territory, who was also Abraham Lincoln's physician and close friend
 * James Nisbet, a well-known publisher, who wrote a love note and his will while awaiting his death
 * Roseanna Keenan, a colorful San Francisco madam, who was travelling with seven "soiled doves"
 * William Logan, who was appointed superintendent of The Dalles Mint in Oregon and whose death was partially responsible for the mint's failure to begin operating.

For its final voyage, crates of gold coins had been loaded on the vessel, including the annual treaty payments in gold for Indian tribes, Wells Fargo shipments consigned for Portland and Vancouver, and gold carried on board by the passengers. A large ship's safe safeguarded jewelry, more gold coins, and gold bars. The gold alone was valued at $50 million in today's dollars. Divers and ships began searching for the sunken treasure two weeks after the disaster, but despite the attempts of numerous people, for over 125 years, the ship's treasure of gold and artifacts were not found, although a fisherman in the 1930s claimed to have found 22 lb of gold bars from the wreck in his nets. As it was illegal to own gold bars at the time due to Executive Order 6102, he kept the discovery a secret until 1974 when he sold them.

Modern recovery efforts
Despite the fact that Brother Jonathan sank just 8 mi from Crescent City, the storms, rocky passageways, underwater currents, and underwater darkness prevented it from being found. Technology needed to improve and explorers had to change their assumptions before the ship could be found. On the last day of their 1993 expedition, men involved with Deep Sea Research (DSR) decided that the ship had drifted underwater to hit bottom 2 mi from where it smashed into the rock. Led by Donald Knight (whose father had found a piece of the wreckage), and under risky conditions, a mini-sub discovered the ship in the predicted location on October 1, 1993. Over time, the team began to bring artifacts back from a depth of 275 ft.

In 1996, a mini-sub passed a "glint" on the bottom, raising curiosity. On August 30, 1996, divers found 875 gold coins from the 1860s in near-mint condition. Over time, the salvors recovered 1,207 gold coins, primarily $20 double eagles.

Among the thousands of other items eventually raised were 19th-century cut-crystal sherry glasses, white porcelain plates, beer mugs, terracotta containers (once holding mineral water from Germany), glassware, cups, glass containers, multi-faceted cruet bottles, wine and champagne bottles, crates of goods (including axe handles and doorknobs) and tinctures of medicine.

While recovery efforts were being conducted, lawsuits abounded involving the salvors, the State of California, and numismatic experts. California took the legal position that it owned the rights to the wreck and everything located close to its shores. As the state had enacted a broad law granting it these rights to "historical shipwrecks", it fought the salvor's claims of ownership. Although every judge along the way disagreed with California's position, a number of states with similar interests joined in the legal battle. Finally, the U.S. Supreme Court in 1998 unanimously held that existing federal law held precedence, declared the state's law(s) unconstitutional, and ruled for the salvors. However, California officials told DSR that they would take the fight up again to the Supreme Court on the facts, and the state received 20 percent of the recovered gold in a final settlement, as well as ownership of the wreck itself.

In the first legally-recognized sale of all of the salvors' gold discovered from a sunken treasure ship, more than 500 bidders attended the auction of DSR's gold coins on May 29, 1999, in Los Angeles. The sale of its 1006 coins fetched a total of $6.3 million.

Meanwhile, another debate had broken out over the authenticity of the gold assay bars that were said to have been recovered in the 1930s and were sold in 1974. Numismatic experts disputed the authenticity of the bars, labeling them modern forgeries, in a rare public controversy at the 1999 American Numismatic Association's annual convention. These accusations of forgery also resulted in litigation.

Legacy

As a result of the shipwreck, laws were passed to improve passenger-ship safety, including the ability of lifeboats to be launched from a sinking ship.

It also resulted in approval to build the St. George Reef Lighthouse, though construction was not completed until 1892.

A memorial for the deceased, registered as California Historical Landmark No. 541, sits at Brother Jonathan Vista Point in Crescent City. The shipwreck is listed in the National Register of Historic Places.

Deep Sea Research set up a conservation lab for the recovered artifacts that was run by the local historical society in Crescent City, the Del Norte County Historical Society. The salvors also hired national experts including numismatists Robert R. Johnson, Ronald F. Umile, and Konstantin Balter to work with the volunteers in these efforts. This small historical society has been refurbishing and maintaining the artifacts, as well as having an exhibit on Brother Jonathan's demise and a variety of the objects that were reclaimed. The ship's wheel can be found in a restaurant in Portland.

Despite the gold coins already discovered and brought up, crates of gold from Brother Jonathan still remain hidden and undisturbed. The large safe with its millions of dollars of jewels, gold bars, and gold was never found. The salvors estimate that four-fifths of the treasure is still waiting to be discovered—mere miles from land.

On the 150th anniversary of the shipwreck, the Idaho Civil War Round Table held a special commemorative program honoring the victims and survivors of the tragedy where the Brother Jonathan 150th anniversary website was unveiled.

title: Brother Jonathan (steamer)


text:
Niepce (crater)

Niepce is a crater on the far side of the Moon. It lies in the high northern latitudes, just behind the north-northwestern limb. Less than a crater diameter to the north is the crater Merrill, and just to the west is Mezentsev. Farther to the south-southeast is Nöther.

This is a worn crater formation with rim features that have been softened and rounded by subsequent deposits of ejecta. Attached to the eastern rim is the satellite crater Niepce F, and the inner wall of Niepce is wider along this edge. The remaining interior floor is relatively level, and offset toward the western side. There are several small impacts on the floor, the largest being a small craterlet along the north-northeastern edge. Just along the southwest rim edge is a small, teardrop-shaped crater that was likely created by a low angle impact.

Satellite craters
By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Niepce.

Name
The crater is named after Nicéphore Niépce who is widely credited for having taken the first ever permanent photograph in 1825.

title: Niepce (crater)


text: User talk:129.162.1.42

title: User talk:129.162.1.42


text:
Freebird Live

Freebird Live (originally Freebird Cafe) was a music venue located in Jacksonville Beach, Florida. They closed their doors with a final concert on January 21, 2016.

Overview
The venue opened on September 8, 1999, with a concert by The Charlie Daniels Band. The cafe featured Lynyrd Skynyrd memorabilia, food and recorded music.

In 2005, the owners considered moving the venue location to accommodate a larger capacity and big-name acts. Buildings in Atlantic Beach, Florida, and Jacksonville, Florida, were considered. However, the owners decided to renovate its current location in lieu of moving.

Jacksonville bands that played at Freebird Live include the Gregg Allman Band (d.2017) in 2002, Dickey Betts & Great Southern in 2002, Yellowcard in 2002, Shinedown in 2003, Red Jumpsuit Apparatus in 2004, and Cold in 2010. Florida bands that played at Freebird Live include most of the famous Florida bands in the 00s including: Gainesville's Sister Hazel in 2008, Less Than Jake in 2005, and Against Me! in 2007; Orlando's Trivium in 2009, Tremonti (guitarist for Creed) in 2015, and Blood on the Dance Floor in 2012; Underoath in 2005, The Almost in 2007, Mayday Parade in 2011, Anberlin in 2012, Copeland in 2006, We the Kings in 2011, Nonpoint in 2010, New Found Glory in 2010, and Iron & Wine in 2005.

The venue closed its doors permanently following a performance from Galactic on January 20, 2016. The building is now occupied by Surfer the Bar.

title: Freebird Live


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Samstock Music Festival

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. R e  dwolf24  (talk) 05:02, 7 September 2005 (UTC)

Samstock Music Festival
Your average high school could draw more than 600 people to a concert. This is definitely a local event. Denni ☯ 18:16, 2005 August 29 (UTC)
 * Might as well merge a little into Youth for Christ which now runs it. That it's been taken under their wing probably means it was of some interest to them but I agree with the nominator as to the local nature of the event. -Splash 19:49, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. I have made the article's intial editor aware of this VfD and pointed them here. Alf 20:06, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Nn advertising. Sdedeo 21:09, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Jachin 22:35, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:List of islands by name

Untitled
The ambition of List of islands by name is to create a comprehensive list of nearly all (unnamed and small islets can be included, but this information is not (yet) available online) islands on earth, sorted by name, giving an A-Z overview of all articles that cover islands.

When naming an article on an island, take into consideration the Wikipedia naming convention for geographic names:

''Use modern English names for titles and in articles. Historical names or names in other languages can be used in lead if popular and important enough that they are valuable to readers, should be avoided in titles unless no English version exists and should be used in articles with caution.''

Artificial islands
Should artificial islands be included? Brz7

Too long for one article
Surely there are too many to list the whole world in one article without a minimum size/population? Surely it makes more sense to break it down by region/country. Consider the size of the two small areas (in world-wide terms) covered by List of islands of Ireland and List of islands of Scotland. --JBellis 19:10, 25 March 2006 (UTC)
 * In case the article size is exceeded the list could be split up in smaller lists by continent (?, or smaller), but that would need quite some work since now islands from all over the world are included in the list. The ambition is to name all island that carry a name, which is not a sine cure ;)--Brz7 00:14, 31 March 2006 (UTC)

I am thinking very stongly of turning this into an index page, and having a separate page for each letter of the alphabet. It will be a lot of work to set up, but would make navigation much easier. Any thoughts? Npeters22 13:22, 1 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Looks nice like this, it ends the discusson on the length of the article, or? Brz7 20:01, 6 September 2006 (UTC)
 * They do say to be bold. I'm glad you like.  It's not perfect, since you can't scan the entire list too quickly, but it would be too large if it was kept together.  The "S" list alone is over the article size!Npeters22 01:29, 7 September 2006 (UTC)
 * ..and let's boldly go where no one has gone before (as far as lists of islands online is concerned)..and there shalt be more island names starting with "X"..Brz7 20:00, 7 September 2006 (UTC)

Under construction
These lists of islands have yet to be integrated in this list:
 * List of islands of Antarctica and the Southern Ocean
 * List of islands of Australia
 * List of islands of Asia
 * List of islands of North America
 * List of islands of Central America

Utterly indiscriminate
This seems utterly unmaintainable and indiscriminate. Are we going to have an entry for every spot of land in the middle of every lake? Night Gyr (talk/Oy) 05:14, 16 November 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of islands by name


text:
Patricia Bredin

Patricia Bredin (14 February 1935 – 13 August 2023) was an English actress and one-time singer. She is best known as the first representative of the United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest in 1957.

Career
Bredin took the part of Molly, the island girl, in the original cast of the musical Free as Air in 1957.

Bredin took part in the Eurovision Song Contest 1957 in Frankfurt and finished in seventh place out of ten entries with the song "All", the first-ever song sung in English at Eurovision. At 1:52, "All" was for a long time the shortest performance in the history of the contest. The record was broken in 2015 when Finland's Pertti Kurikan Nimipäivät performed "Aina mun pitää", which was only 1:27 long.

In 1959, she starred in the British comedy film Left Right and Centre with Ian Carmichael. This saw British exhibitors vote her one of the most promising British new stars along with Peter Sellers and Hayley Mills. On Boxing Day in 1959 she appeared in the BBC TV's long running variety show The Good Old Days, which was rescreened on Boxing Day 2016 on BBC4 as part of the BBC's celebration of the programme.

The following year she had a leading part in another film, the period adventure The Treasure of Monte Cristo, and also starred with Sid James in Desert Mice.

Bredin succeeded Julie Andrews as Guenevere in the Broadway production of Camelot. She played the role from 16 April 1962 until she was replaced by Janet Pavek three months later.

Personal life and death
Patricia Bredin was born on 14 February 1935. In 1964, she married Welsh singer Ivor Emmanuel. They had no children, and divorced within two years.

Bredin later married Canadian businessman Charles MacCulloch, but he died on their honeymoon. As Patricia Bredin-McCulloch, she built up a herd of cows on their estate and looked after them for nearly ten years, before financial complications brought her cattle breeding to an end. She published some reminiscences about this period of her life in My Fling on the Farm (1989).

Bredin died in Nova Scotia on 13 August 2023, at the age of 88.

Selected filmography

 * Left Right and Centre (1959) – Left – Stella Stoker
 * The Bridal Path (1959) – Margaret
 * Make Mine a Million (1959) – Herself, Cameo appearance
 * Desert Mice (1959) – Susan
 * The Treasure of Monte Cristo (1961) – Pauline
 * To Have and to Hold (1963) – Lucy

title: Patricia Bredin


text: User talk:62.135.93.236

title: User talk:62.135.93.236


text:
Bradlee Van Pelt

Bradlee Van Pelt (born July 3, 1980) is a former American football quarterback and safety. He was drafted by the Denver Broncos in the seventh round of the 2004 NFL draft, and was also a member of the Houston Texans, Bergamo Lions in Italy and Leicester Falcons England. Van Pelt played college football at Michigan State and Colorado State.

He played professionally in the Italian Football League and in the British League. Van Pelt is currently working for Sky Sports in the United Kingdom as a studio analyst for their NFL programming.

He is the son of late NFL linebacker Brad Van Pelt.

Early life
Van Pelt attended San Marcos High School in Santa Barbara, California, where he played quarterback and safety. There he earned accolades with spots on PrepStar's All-Western and SuperPrep's All-Far West Region Teams and being named a first-team all-state selection as an athlete. In 1998, during his senior season, he completed 89-of-155 passes (.574) for 1,265 yards and 13 touchdowns and rushed for 1,294 yards and 24 TDs; on defense, he had 41 tackles and three interceptions.

College career
Van Pelt originally joined the college program where his father was an All-American, Michigan State. The head coach at the time was Nick Saban, who departed after Van Pelt's first season to coach LSU. However, after he was pressured to convert from quarterback to defensive back, he opted to transfer to Colorado State where he was given the opportunity to play quarterback.

At Colorado State Van Pelt was twice named the Mountain West Conference player of the year and managed to throw for nearly 3,000 yards and over 60% completion rate his senior year, and came within 100 yards in passing and rushing of becoming the first collegiate quarterback to pass for 3,000 yards and rush for 1,000 yards in the same season. In 2005 Vince Young passed for 3,036 yards and rushed for 1,050. He was inducted to the Colorado State Rams Hall Of Fame in 2013.

Professional career
NFL scouts criticized Van Pelt for his "run first, then throw" mentality while playing quarterback for Colorado State. He was drafted by the Denver Broncos in the seventh round of the 2004 NFL draft, where he spent the next two years as a backup. In the 2006 NFL draft, the Broncos drafted Vanderbilt quarterback Jay Cutler. In training camp, Cutler moved ahead of Van Pelt on the depth chart making Van Pelt the third-string quarterback, behind Jake Plummer and Cutler. He was released by the Denver Broncos on September 2, 2006. His attempt to make the team was chronicled in Stefan Fatsis's book A Few Seconds of Panic.

Van Pelt was then signed by the Houston Texans on November 27, 2006, to be their third-string quarterback, brought in by his former coach in Denver, Gary Kubiak. He was released by the Texans on August 27, 2007.

It was announced on March 8, 2009, that Van Pelt would attempt a comeback as a safety with the Broncos, though he failed to make the roster.

In late 2009, it was announced that Van Pelt had signed with the Bergamo Lions of Italian Football League for their 2009 & 2010 Italian and Eurobowl campaigns. He would play quarterback and assist on defense as a safety.

At the end of the Italian season in July 2010, he signed to play for the Leicester Falcons in the BAFA Community Leagues Division 1 (second highest level league in Britain), leading the team to the Division 1 playoffs.

After retiring from football, Van Pelt moved to Santa Barbara, California, and occasionally provides football commentary for Sky Sports.

title: Bradlee Van Pelt


text:
Malia

Malia or Mallia may refer to:

Places

 * Malia (archaeological site), a Minoan/Mycenae archaeological site in Greece
 * Malia, Crete, a town on the north coast of Crete
 * Malia, Cyprus, a village in southern Cyprus
 * Malia, Iran, a village
 * Malia, a taluk(a) (administrative division) in Junagadh district, Gujarat, India
 * Malia, an ancient name of Cape Agrilia, a cape on the island of Lesbos, Greece

Historical

 * Mallia gens, a plebeian family of ancient Rome

Surname

 * Emmanuel Mallia, a Maltese politician
 * Francisco Jesús Pérez Malia or Francis (born 1981), Spanish footballer
 * George Mallia (born 1978), a professional Maltese footballer
 * Gorg Mallia (born 1957), a Maltese communications academic, author and cartoonist
 * Juan Cruz Mallía (born 1996), Argentine rugby union player
 * Liz Malia (born 1949), American politician
 * Luca Mallia, a Maltese footballer
 * Martin Malia (1924–2004), American historian specializing in Russian history
 * Mitchell Mallia (born 1992 in New South Wales), an Australian footballer

Given name

 * Malia Cohen (born 1977), American politician
 * Mallia Franklin (1952–2010), a vocalist with Parliament-Funkadelic
 * Malia Hosaka (born 1969), American professional wrestler
 * Malia Johnston, New Zealand choreographer and dance director
 * Malia Jones (born 1977), American model and surfer
 * Malia Scotch Marmo, American screenwriter
 * Malia Metella (born 1982), French Olympian swimmer
 * Malia Obama (born 1998), daughter of former U.S. President Barack Obama
 * Malia Pyles (born 2000), American actress
 * Malia (model) (born 1983), Japanese fashion model
 * Malia (singer) (born 1978), Malawian vocalist
 * Malia (American musician), American singer-songwriter

Other uses

 * Malians (Greek tribe), in Ancient Greece
 * Malia (bird), a passerine bird endemic to Sulawesi
 * Malia (canoe), a Hawaiian-style wooden racing canoe
 * "Malìa" (song), an 1887 song by Paolo Tosti
 * Malìa (film), 1946 film directed by Giuseppe Amato
 * Malta Library and Information Association (MaLIA), a member of the International Federation of Library Associations

title: Malia


text:
Las Ramblas Resort

The Las Ramblas Resort was a proposed mixed-use project that was to be constructed in Paradise, Nevada. The project was to be located on 25 acre of land on Harmon Avenue, east of the Las Vegas Strip. Las Ramblas would have included 11 towers encompassing a hotel and condominium residences for a total of 4,400 units, including 300 hotel rooms. Other amenities would have included a small casino, retail stores, a spa and health club, and nightclubs. The complex would have totaled 8 e6sqft, and was designed by Arquitectonica. The design was inspired by La Rambla, an open-air street in Barcelona.

Las Ramblas was announced in March 2005, as a $2 billion joint project between Centra Properties and The Related Companies. Actor George Clooney and nightclub developer Rande Gerber signed on to invest in the project in August 2005, at which point new amenities had been added to the project that increased its cost to $3 billion. Las Ramblas was scheduled to begin construction in September 2006, with its first phase opening in June 2007. The property for the proposed project was sold for $202 million in June 2006, to Starwood, the developers of the adjacent W Las Vegas resort that was also cancelled.

Announcement
On March 11, 2005, Centra Properties announced that it had closed escrow on the 996-unit Harbor Island apartments, as well as 14 four-plex buildings, all located on 25 acres of land on Harmon Avenue, east of the Aladdin resort on the Las Vegas Strip and adjacent to the Hard Rock Hotel and Casino. The cost of the property totaled $85 million. In partnership with The Related Companies, Centra also announced plans to demolish the buildings and replace them with a $2 billion resort complex consisting of high-rise condominiums and a boutique hotel, with the possibility of a casino as well. Kenny Sullivan, a co-owner of Centra, said, "Our intentions are to do an amazing project," noting that the 25-acre property was significantly larger in comparison to other projects the company was working on in the Las Vegas Valley.

Sullivan said, "The way we're designing this, our intention is to build a Main Street down the middle of the property, like Las Ramblas in Spain, then with residential above it. It will be like living in New York City, with lots of activity down on the street." Early designs depicted a complex of 10 to 12 high-rise buildings, expected to be 28 to 32 stories high, although an exact height had not been decided at that time. The complex would include retail stores and up to 3,500 condominium units. The complex was one of many projects that were being planned along Harmon Avenue. Centra expected to submit its plans to Clark County at the end of March 2005, with its first building expected to be under construction in the first quarter of 2006.

Clooney and Gerber
In August 2005, it was announced that actor George Clooney and nightclub developer Rande Gerber had signed on to invest a significant, undisclosed amount of their money into the project, now known as Las Ramblas. Clooney was a regular visitor to Las Vegas and a friend of Gerber, who had developed clubs in Nevada, New York, and California. Clooney, while on a flight to Las Vegas to film Ocean's Eleven (2001), discussed with Gerber the idea of opening a resort in the city; Gerber later recalled that they discussed "how great it would be to open a hotel and casino and bring back our perception of Old Vegas, with the glamour and romance, our interpretation of the Rat Pack era." The pair continued to hold discussions about developing a project. Clooney and Gerber tried to convince Ocean's Eleven actor Brad Pitt to join the project and be involved in some of the architectural designs, although he ultimately declined. The project was designed by Arquitectonica.

In addition to financing, Clooney and Gerber planned to purchase condominium units in the Las Ramblas project as well, and also planned to be actively involved in its design. At that time, the project's cost had increased to $3 billion, with new amenities that included a casino, spa, health club, and restaurants. Through his company, Gerber planned to develop restaurants, clubs, and lounges for the project. Clooney also planned for the resort to include a movie theater that was capable of holding Hollywood-style movie premieres. Construction was now scheduled to begin in mid-2006, with the project expected to ultimately include 11 high-rise buildings. The first phase was expected to be complete by 2008, and would include a 300-room hotel with an additional 370 condominium-hotel units, a second tower with approximately 560 condominium-hotel units, and two gateway condominium buildings with 285 and 344 units respectively. Upon completion, the complex would ultimately offer 300 hotel rooms, 2,764 condominium units, 1,326 condominium-hotel units, and 19 bungalows.

Reservations were being accepted at that time. The project was expected to total 8 e6sqft, with a total of 4,400 units. The complex was described as largely residential, while the retail portions would potentially range between 250000 sqft and 500000 sqft. According to reports at the time, the small casino would have either been 48000 sqft, or would have ranged between 30000 sqft and 40000 sqft. A casino management instructor at UNLV told the Las Vegas Sun that he believed that the developers had failed to realize the true potential of including a larger casino. Sullivan said the small casino would not attempt to appeal to high rollers, stating that they "have their homes on the Strip. That's where they belong and the big casinos can afford to handle the wins and losses. When you have a smaller, more intimate casino like ours, that's not really something you can do." Centra and The Related Companies planned to select two separate management companies to operate the hotel and the casino, although the names of prospective applicants were not disclosed.

At the time, Clooney said that the developers were considering a dress code for the casino "so that it will feel like you are walking into a more formal Las Vegas of a different age or a classic Monte Carlo casino." Some experts believed that enforcing a dress code would decrease the number of potential customers to the casino by appealing only to a small customer base, while a member of the Nevada Gaming Control Board's enforcement division was unsure if the dress code would be legal because of a law that required gambling to be conducted within view of the general public. Sullivan said that Clooney wanted to bring elegance to the project, but acknowledged that Clooney's idea of a dress code would not work in a Las Vegas casino. Clooney mentioned the proposed dress code during an appearance on the Late Show with David Letterman in September 2005, saying, "No cutoffs, culottes or espadrilles." That month, Mark A. Brown, who formerly operated three of Donald Trump's casinos in Atlantic City, New Jersey, was reportedly in consideration for the Las Ramblas project.

In January 2006, Related confirmed that it would proceed with plans to build Las Ramblas, despite the cancellation of one of its high-rise condominium projects in Las Vegas. Clooney spoke about the project during an appearance on Larry King Live on February 15, 2006, stating that it would be "the type of place where you dress up to see a show. The kind of casino that doesn't exist anymore." In addition, Clooney said he would donate 25 percent of his profits from Las Ramblas to African relief. The following day, casino executive Bobby Baldwin – who was in charge of MGM's $7 billion CityCenter project – criticized the Las Ramblas project: "I think that's been about as successful as me acting in movies."

Cancellation
On March 29, 2006, it was reported that the Las Ramblas was no longer accepting reservations, and that the property was under contract to be purchased by Edge Resorts Group, a partner in the development of the planned W Las Vegas, located on adjacent land. Clooney had reportedly invested $10 million in the Las Ramblas project. On April 5, 2006, Gerber responded to reports that the property had been put up for sale: "There are some great opportunities, including selling the land. If that happens, George and I will invest in something else in Las Vegas". By May 2006, the project had been cancelled, due to decreased sales and rising construction costs.

On June 4, 2006, it was announced that the property had been sold to Edge Resorts for $202 million. Clooney said he would donate his profits from the sale to the African Debt Relief Project. Edge Resorts planned to construct a boutique hotel district known as Edge East on the property to accompany W Las Vegas. Marty Burger of Related said that for the company, Las Ramblas "became more about gaming than the residential community we were trying to build. We're the largest developer of residential property in the country, and we saw ourselves getting away from what we do best." Groundbreaking on Las Ramblas had been scheduled to begin in September 2006, with the first phase scheduled to open in June 2007, to accompany Clooney's new film, Ocean's Thirteen, which he wanted to premiere in Las Vegas.

In 2010, Jorge Perez of Related said that selling the property was one of the smartest decisions he had ever made: "The market was clearly showing signs of decline, and the demand for construction services was so great that construction prices had been inflated to the point of making our project unfeasible. Instead of taking the immense risk, I decided to sell the land for a huge profit." The vacant land was put up for sale in 2015, and has been sold several times since then. The apartment complex, since renamed as The Harmon at 370, remains on the property as of 2023.

title: Las Ramblas Resort


text:
Rheita

Rheita can refer to:

 * Rheita (crater), the lunar crater
 * Vallis Rheita, the lunar valley
 * Anton Maria Schyrleus of Rheita (1597-1660), the Austrian-Czech astronomer after whom the crater and the valley are named

title: Rheita


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Dondy

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. R e  dwolf24  (talk) 05:02, 7 September 2005 (UTC)

Dondy
Delete as self-promotion. FreplySpang (talk) 18:19, August 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - vanity, resume - should have been CSD A7 --Outlander 19:59, August 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete I was going to nominate this myself when I was called away, It's hard to tell by what I read exactly how he fits into the achievements noted, best I can see is that he's a part of a group that might have won an award..shrug. Rx StrangeLove 20:27, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Jachin 22:35, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete vanity. Mindmatrix 01:06, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete and redirect to Dondi. Zoe 07:56, August 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete --[[Image:Ottawa flag.png|20px]] Spinboy 19:29, 5 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Dondy


text:
Obruchev (crater)

Obruchev is a disintegrating lunar impact crater that lies along the southern shore of Mare Ingenii, on the far side of the Moon. Less than three crater diameters to the south of Obruchev is the crater Chrétien, and about the same distance to the southeast lies Oresme.

The outer rim of this crater has been heavily damaged and now forms an irregular, rugged ring about the interior. The crater partly overlies the satellite crater Obruchev M to the south, and there is a pair of smaller craters along the western rim and inner wall. The interior of Obruchev has some uneven edges, but it is relatively level and featureless nearer the center.

Prior to formal naming in 1970 by the IAU, the crater was known as Crater 426.

Satellite craters
By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Obruchev.

title: Obruchev (crater)


text:
Talk:Las Ramblas Resort

Name of article?

 * Couldn't go with "Las Ramblas", as that redirects to "La Rambla". It's still a "proposed" casino, so didn't feel right calling it Las Ramblas Resort and Casino.  Could have gone with "Las Ramblas, Las Vegas", to match the title that Aladdin currently has.  Oh, so many choices to choose from.  Any suggestions? SpikeJones 18:20, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

Category
Now that it looks like this is dead, the categories probably need updating. Since it was never built I'm not sure what to do. Vegaswikian 07:35, 19 July 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Las Ramblas Resort


text:
Esq

Esq or ESQ may refer to:

 * Employee screening questionnaire, a psychological test developed by Canadian psychology professor Douglas N. Jackson
 * Esquire (abbreviated Esq.), a modern, informal, non-royally awarded title
 * Ensoniq ESQ-1, a synthesizer released by Ensoniq in 1985
 * Infiniti ESQ, a Chinese-Japanese subcompact SUV

title: Esq


text:
Grevenmacher

Grevenmacher (Gréiwemaacher ) is a commune with town status in eastern Luxembourg, near the border with Germany. It gives its name to the canton of Grevenmacher, and, until its abolition in 2015, the district of Grevenmacher. The town is situated on the left bank of the river Moselle, in a wine growing region.

, the commune of Grevenmacher has a population of 5,092.

Climate
Grevenmacher has an oceanic climate (Köppen Cfb). The annual average temperature is 10.6 C, the hottest month in July is 18.9 C, and the coldest month is 3.1 C in January. The annual precipitation is 749.6 mm, of which December is the wettest with 85.0 mm, while April is the driest with only 45.2 mm. The extreme temperature throughout the year ranged from -17.4 C on 19 December 2009 to 40.3 C on 25 July 2019.

Twin towns — sister cities
Grevenmacher is twinned with:
 * 🇫🇷 Aubière, France

Notable people

 * Frantz Seimetz (1858–1934) a Luxembourg Impressionist portrait and landscape artist
 * Joseph Lortz (1887–1975) a Roman Catholic church historian, Reformation historian and ecumenist
 * Anne-Marie Thekes (1907 in Grevenmacher - 1959), book seller, wife of painter Theodore Wildanger
 * Rob Krier (born 1938) a Luxembourgian sculptor, architect and urban designer
 * Octavie Modert (born 1966) a politician from Luxembourg
 * Monica Semedo (born 1984), former TV presenter, now politician and Member of the European Parliament since 2019

title: Grevenmacher


text:
List of English copulae

This is a non-exhaustive list of copulae in the English language, i.e. words used to link the subject of a sentence with a predicate (a subject complement).

Because many of these copulative verbs may be used non-copulatively, examples are provided. Also, there can be other copulative verbs depending on the context and the meaning of the specific verb used. Therefore, this list is not an exhaustive one.

 * act "Tom acted suspicious."
 * appear "Tom appears satisfied, but really is not."
 * be "Tom is a coward."
 * become (inchoative) "Tom became wealthy."
 * call in "Tom called in sick."
 * come "The prediction came true;" "the belt came loose;" "the characters in the story come alive"
 * come out "It came out burnt."
 * constitute "Verbs constitute one of the main word classes in the English language"
 * die "He died poor."
 * eat "Tom eats healthy."
 * emerge "Tom emerged unharmed after the incident."
 * end up "I ended up broke;" "the room ended up a mess."
 * equal "Two plus two equals four."
 * get (inchoative) "Tom got angry."
 * go "The man went crazy;" "Tom went bald;" "the food went bad;" "the mistake went unnoticed"
 * grow (inchoative) "Tom grew insistent."
 * fall "Tom fell ill with the flu."
 * feel "Tom felt nauseated."
 * freeze "The lake froze solid."
 * keep "Tom kept quiet."
 * lean "This area leans conservative."
 * look "Tom looks upset."
 * play "The possum played dead."
 * prove  "Tom's behavior proves difficult to understand."
 * remain "Tom remained unsatisfied."
 * run "Protectionist impulses run far too strong on Capitol Hill" (New York Times)
 * seem "Tom seems happy."
 * shine "Her smile shines bright."
 * smell "Tom smelled sweet"
 * sound "Tom sounded obnoxious."
 * stay "Tom stayed happy."
 * take "Tom took ill."
 * taste "The food tastes fresh."
 * turn (inchoative) "Tom turned angry."
 * turn up "Tom turned up missing."
 * wax (inchoative) "Tom waxed lyrical."

title: List of English copulae


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SS Emidio

Hammac was a steam tank ship built in 1920–1921 by Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation of Alameda for the United States Shipping Board as part of the wartime shipbuilding program of the Emergency Fleet Corporation (EFC) to restore the nation's Merchant Marine. Early in 1923 the vessel together with two other tankers was sold to General Petroleum Corporation and renamed Emidio. The tanker spent the vast majority of her career carrying oil along the West Coast of the United States as well as between West and East coast. In December 1941 she was shelled and damaged by the JSUB I-17 and eventually wrecked with a loss of five crewmen.

Design and construction
After the United States entry into World War I, a large shipbuilding program was undertaken to restore and enhance shipping capabilities both of the United States and their Allies. As part of this program, EFC placed orders with nation's shipyards for a large number of vessels of standard designs. Design 1047 tank ship was a standard tanker of approximately 10,100 tons deadweight designed by Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corp. and adopted by USSB.

Hammac was part of the order for six vessels placed by USSB with Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation on 30 April 1918 and was laid down on 30 November 1920 at the builder's shipyard at Potrero Point and launched on 25 May 1921 (yard number 5274). The ship was built on the Isherwood principle of longitudinal framing providing extra strength to the body of the vessel and had two main decks. The tanker had her machinery placed aft and a cargo pump room located amidships, and had cargo tanks constructed throughout the vessel with a total capacity to carry 3,369,862 gallons of oil. In addition, the ship had four booms and four winches to handle deck load and dry hold cargoes. The vessel had electric lights installed along the decks and was also equipped with wireless of De Forest type.

As built, the ship was 435.0 ft long (between perpendiculars) and 56.2 ft abeam, and had a depth of 33.5 ft. Hammac was originally assessed at and  and had deadweight of approximately 10,000. The vessel had a steel hull, and a single 422 nhp (3,100 ihp) vertical triple expansion steam engine, with cylinders of 27 in, 47 in and 78 in diameter with a 48 in stroke, that drove a single screw propeller and moved the ship at up to 11 kn. The steam for the engine was supplied by three single-ended Scotch boilers fitted for oil fuel.

The sea trials were held outside the Heads on 12–13 July 1921 with the tanker performing satisfactorily. Upon completion of the twelve hour long trial run, the ship returned to port and after applying final touches was handed over to the USSB.

Operational history
Following the delivery to her owners the tanker was laid up in Benicia due to scarcity of cargo and overabundance of tonnage. Hammac remained idle until the end of January 1922 when demand picked up and it appeared the recession was easing. After undergoing maintenance, the ship was chartered for one trip by Union Oil to deliver gasoline to United Kingdom. At the time there was widespread confusion as to why the delivery was effected from the West Coast when it was cheaper and quicker to do the same from the East Coast of the United States. Nevertheless, after loading over 3,000,000 gallons of gasoline the tanker departed San Francisco on 14 March 1922 bound for Thames Haven. Hammac passed through the Panama Canal on 28–30 March and reached her destination on 21 April. After unloading her cargo, the tanker left England on 27 April and arrived at Port Eads on 19 May, successfully concluding her maiden voyage.

The tanker conducted one more trip carrying oil for Union Oil from the Gulf ports to Philadelphia before being switched to molasses trade. In that role Hammac carried molasses in bulk from Cuba to Gulf ports or Europe. For example, in December 1922 she brought in approximately 9,500 tons of molasses to Rotterdam. On her next trip the ship brought in a cargo of beet molasses from Holland to Baltimore. Due to lack of storage space for this type of cargo, it had to be unloaded into a discarded tanker Brindina. In March 1923 several tankers including Hammac, still in the USSB possession were sold to Union Oil and General Petroleum Corporation. Following the tanker's arrival in Baltimore she was inspected and transferred to her new owners and departed for West Coast on 26 May reaching San Francisco on 15 June. Under new ownership, Hammac conducted one trip with a cargo of gasoline to Philadelphia in July 1923 before returning to West Coast where she was renamed Emidio after the San Emidio oil fields.

In 1923-1924 the tanker was largely involved in transportation of gasoline from General Petroleum refineries on California to London, with occasional trips up the West Coast. For example, in January 1924 she left San Pedro with 75,000 barrels of gasoline bound for London, and in November 1924 she carried 66,000 barrels of oil to Seattle. In 1925 Emidio was shifted from her international duties to domestic, carrying oil and gasoline to ports both on East and West Coast of the United States, although she made one trip to Hamburg in September 1925. For example, the tanker brought 74,000 barrels of gasoline from San Pedro to Baltimore in August 1925. In 1926 through major part of 1928 the tanker continued to mainly serve her West to East Coast route. Early in 1926 rumors spread about possible merger between General Petroleum and Standard Oil of New York. These rumors were confirmed when representatives from both companies met in March 1926 discussing the proposed merger. Following these successful negotiations both companies held shareholder meetings on 17 May 1926 which approved the proposed merger between the oil concerns. As a result, all assets including vessels of General Petroleum passed to Standard Oil of New York, however, General Petroleum continued to operate in California under its own name.

Starting in August 1928 Emidio was shifted largely to West Coast operation, carrying oil and petroleum products to ports of Seattle, Portland and Tacoma. Starting in January 1929 she also commenced making occasional trips to Vancouver, first arriving there on 17 January 1929. The tanker remained in her coastwise service largely through the end of her career with some minor interruptions. In August 1931 while on passage from San Pedro for Oakland Emidio struck an underwater ledge off Point Arguello. The vessel made it to her destination where she was put into drydock for examination. The ship returned to service in approximately a month after undergoing repairs to her bottom at the cost of about US$55,000. Early in 1934 Emidio proceeded to East Coast again carrying nearly 9,500 tons of petroleum products to New York. The ship stayed in Gulf to East Coast trade for about three months carrying oil from Beaumont to refineries in Philadelphia before returning to West Coast in early June.

In May 1938 Emidio conducted one trip to Hawaii with a cargo of fuel oil arriving at Pearl Harbor on May 30. In October 1938 the vessel sailed with gasoline to Manila and Shanghai returning to West Coast at the end of December. Emidio was again chartered by Union Oil-Shell Oil venture to carry fuel oil to Boston in February 1939 returning to California in May. The tanker again returned to the Atlantic in July 1939 with a cargo of fuel oil bound for Boston. While there Emidio was involved with carrying petroleum products to and from Aruba. She returned to Los Angeles in October 1939 carrying over 10,000 tons of fuel oil, and in December the tanker passed through the Panama Canal on her way to Curaçao with 9,600 tons of kerosene distillates from California refineries. Subsequently, Emidio made one trip between Aruba and Balboa bringing approximately 10,500 tons of fuel oil for fleet operations there. On her final Atlantic voyage she passed through the Panama Canal in early February 1940 carrying about 10,300 tons of fuel oil from Aruba bound for Los Angeles. Upon arrival in California Emidio resumed her coastwise service there. In August 1940 Emidio was slated to travel to Japan with a cargo of oil, however, this trip was not allowed by the Maritime Commission. In October 1940 Emidio made another trip to Pearl Harbor during an extensive ongoing expansion of Naval facilities in the Hawaii. On her next voyage she sailed with cargo of fuel oil for Manila at the end of November 1940 and upon return in January 1941 returned to her coastwise duties.

With the hostilities raging in Europe and the Atlantic as well as deteriorating relations between United States and Japan, all General Petroleum tankers had American flag painted on their sides as neutrality markers in June 1941. By October 1941 Emidio was the only General Petroleum tanker operating along the West Coast with the remainder being shifted to Gulf and East Coast trade.

Sinking
Emidio departed on her last journey from Seattle on 18 December 1941 bound for San Pedro. The tanker was under command of captain Clark A. Farrow, had a crew of 36 and was sailing in ballast after unloading her usual cargo in Seattle. The trip was rather uneventful until the early afternoon of December 20. While Emidio was about 20 nmi off Blunts Reef, a bar few miles offshore of Cape Mendocino, lookouts spotted a submarine. The captain ordered the course change and increased the speed of the vessel, however, the submarine increased her speed too and closed in quickly to within a quarter mile of the tanker. At approximately 15:15 the Japanese submarine I-17 fired a shot at the vessel, forcing the captain to stop and order the crew to abandon ship. At the same time, the radio operator on board the tanker sent out an alert to the US Navy. As the crew rushed to lower the lifeboats, the submarine continued shooting at the tanker from its 14 cm deck gun hitting it five times. One of the shells knocked off an unlaunched lifeboat causing its three crew members to fall into water and eventually drown in choppy seas. While the crew was disembarking the submarine stopped shooting and submerged. Two planes arrived at the scene and dropped depth charges at approximate submarine position with unknown result. After the planes left I-17 surfaced and fired a single torpedo at the tanker, hitting it in the stern. The torpedo passed through the engine room and exploded killing two out of three men still working in there.

Thirty one survivors managed to get into two lifeboats and a workboat and started to row towards the shore. After nearly sixteen hours at sea they finally reached Blunts Reef lightship in Humboldt Bay. There they were picked up by the cutter USCGC Shawnee (WAT-54) and taken to Eureka. Emidio was left by the crew in the sinking condition with her stern submerged, however, the tanker managed to stay afloat and slowly drifted up the coast of California until it ran aground on the rocks off Crescent City in early January 1942. The wreck eventually broke into two, with the bow section drifting into the harbor, where it laid until scrapped in 1959. The remainder of the hull is still in the harbor and is marked by a commemorative plaque. The site of the sinking of Emidio has been declared a California Historical Landmark #497.

Awards
Louis George Finch, able seaman aboard SS Emidio was given the Merchant Marine Distinguished Service Medal by the president of the United States. This was for his extraordinary courage and disregard of his own safety in voluntarily going into the sea to lighten an overload lifeboat. He stayed in water for one and half hours till another lifeboat came. For the president the award was given by Admiral Emory S. Land.

title: SS Emidio


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Olcott (crater)

Olcott is a relatively fresh crater on the far side of the Moon. It was named after American astronomer William Tyler Olcott. It lies to the south-southeast of the craters Seyfert and Polzunov, and to the north of Kostinskiy.

This crater lacks any significant appearance of erosion from subsequent impacts, and its features are relatively well-defined. The rim edge is generally circular, with a slight outward bulge to the northeast and a larger bulge to the south. It has an outer rampart and some terraces and slumped edges along the inner wall. Several low ridges lie near the interior midpoint, with the western pair near the center and the eastern peaks offset towards the eastern rim.

The satellite craters Olcott M and Olcott L form an overlapping pair along the southern outer rampart of Olcott, with the smaller member of the pair Olcott L overlapping Olcott M. The satellite crater Olcott E is partly overlain by the eastern rim of Olcott.

Prior to naming in 1970 by the IAU, this crater was known as Crater 209.

Satellite craters
By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Olcott.

title: Olcott (crater)


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Websites

Some Wikipedians have formed a project to better organize information in articles related to Websites. This page and its subpages contain their suggestions; it is hoped that this project will help to focus the efforts of other Wikipedians. If you would like to help, please inquire on the talk page and see the to-do list here.

For more information on WikiProjects, please see WikiProjects and WikiProject best practices.

Title
WikiProject on Websites {| border=0 width=55%
 * bgcolor="#FFFFE0" valign=top width=55%|
 * bgcolor="#FFFFE0" valign=top width=55%|

Scope
The WikiProject Websites is the linkage of all articles directly related to websites. Only "major" websites should be listed (in line with Notability (web)).

Parentage
The parent of this WikiProject is: WikiProject Computing

Related WikiProjects

 * WikiProject Apps
 * WikiProject Blogging
 * WikiProject Computing
 * WikiProject Internet
 * WikiProject Internet culture
 * WikiProject Webcomics

[[Image:Nuvola apps kdmconfig.png|20px]] Participants
If you like websites, add yourself to this list, and participate!
 * 1) 1BCDBackup (talk) 24 October 2016
 * 2)  Harsh 2580   (talk)  14:20, 7 May 2012 (UTC)
 * 3)  formerly iguana_nirvana14
 * 4) --  TinuCherian  (Wanna Talk?) - 04:58, 25 June 2008 (UTC)
 * 5) Melab-1 22:51, 6 July 2008 (UTC)
 * 6) ContrillionAU (talk) 02:07, 16 August 2010 (UTC)
 * 7) Amarite1
 * 8) Obengjennifer November 20,2019
 * 9) ReginaldTQ (talk) 20:08, 24 July 2011 (UTC)
 * 10) KF5LLG (talk) 01:14, 9 October 2011 (UTC)
 * 11)  Numbermaniac  - T
 * 12) JC713 (talk) 17:33, 19 February 2015 (UTC)
 * 13) <<< SOME GADGET GEEK >>> (talk)
 * 14) → StaniStani 22:33, 6 July 2015 (UTC)
 * 15)  Daylen  Talk 17:35, 25 September 2015 (UTC)
 * 16) Gavinjgrotegut (talk) 02:32, 5 October 2015 (UTC)
 * 17) F4d3d123 5th March 2016
 * 18) JefferyThomas December 27, 2016
 * 19) Editor 357 (Talk • Contributions) 16:15, 15 January 2017 (UTC)
 * 20) WonLove (talk) 22:07, 3 March 2017 (UTC)
 * 21) -- Jos eph   04:25, 18 February 2018 (UTC)
 * 22) Robertgombos, 25 May, 2018
 * 23) NetrualEditor (talk) 18:47, 29 October 2018 (UTC)
 * 24) HiBloopIAmBleep 23 March 2019
 * 25) Schmiddi90 05 December 2019
 * 26) Prairie Astronomer 21:13, 24 February 2020 (UTC) I have experience in web development and php.
 * 27) ThatAwesome1(Talk) May 22 2020
 * 28) OaklandRaider 2020-07-07
 * 29) TheRealGrantma (talk) 20:45, 8 November 2020 (UTC)
 * 30) Boiacchi ((Talk)) 14:00, 4 February 2021 (UTC)
 * 31) Oloriebi ((Talk)) 16 July 2021 (GMT +1)
 * 32) HerrRobot ((Talk)) 25 July 2021 (GMT +2)
 * 33) Entrepreneurpk ((Talk)) 11 Dec 2021 (GMT +5)
 * 34)  23 March 2022
 * 35) Chen030 ((Talk)) 7 April 2022
 * 36) Jrovc ((Talk)) 28 March 2024
 * 37) PARAKANYAA (talk) 01:42, 10 July 2024 (UTC)

Inactive
'''We need your support. Add your name now and become a recognized contributor.'''
 * 1) Dhammananda
 * 2) User: Anik124 Website creator
 * 3) User:Gkalyan31 Technology news websites
 * 4) Cody Cooper Cody Cooper  Talk   01:10, 1 May 2009 (UTC)
 * 5) User:Heebiejeebieclub (inactive)
 * 6) —<* honds
 * 7) Scoreed talk
 * 8)  Cheers, Jonathan t - c
 * 9) Ersad--09:34, 23 October 2007 (UTC)
 * 10) ♦ {  Crimson  } ♦ Talk • Contributions
 * 11) ≈  Mi nd st or ms Kid  15:22, 4 August 2008 (UTC)
 * 12) —  Navy  Blue  formerly iDosh
 * 13) DotKuro (talk) 18:37, 18 February 2010 (UTC)
 * 14) A. Ward (talk) 19:58, 11 November 2010 (UTC)
 * 15) Gl1d3r
 * 16)  Colinmurff!   Meh Talk  19:59, 19 February 2011 (UTC)
 * 17) Tegra3
 * 18) Trinitrotolune
 * 19) Bvc123q (talk) 02:35, 26 March 2012 (UTC)
 * 20) Raja0011987 02:35, 18 April 2012 (UTC)
 * 21) JC.Torpey (talk) 02:01, 19 December 2012 (UTC) - C  01:47, 8 April 2013 (UTC)
 * 22) User: adrian_wch Website creator
 * 1) Bvc123q (talk) 02:35, 26 March 2012 (UTC)
 * 2) Raja0011987 02:35, 18 April 2012 (UTC)
 * 3) JC.Torpey (talk) 02:01, 19 December 2012 (UTC) - C  01:47, 8 April 2013 (UTC)
 * 4) User: adrian_wch Website creator
 * 1) User: adrian_wch Website creator
 * }

Goals and Tasks
{| border=0 width=55%
 * bgcolor="#FFFFE0" valign=top width=55%|
 * bgcolor="#FFFFE0" valign=top width=55%|

Goals

 * 1) To get every major website (and the biggest minor websites) on Wikipedia.
 * 2) To provide clear, concise encyclopedic entries on major websites

Tasks

 * Website stubs: Please consider adding an article to one of these other stub types; use from the list below:

 * Entertainment websites: entertainment-website-stub
 * Film websites: film-website-stub
 * Sports websites: sport-website-stub
 * News websites: news-website-stub
 * Online magazines: webzine-stub
 * Search engine websites: searchengine-website-stub
 * Travel websites: travel-website-stub
 * Videogame websites: videogame-website-stub
 * Webcomics: webcomic-stub
 * Wikimedia-related: Wikimedia-stub

Categories

 * Category:Websites

Resources / FAQ

 * How do I know if a Website is worth noting in Wikipedia?

It has to be notable. Please read User:RoySmith/Three best sources.
 * What if my website belongs to a company, and there is already an article on Wikipedia about the company?
 * Create a new article, naming it company.com.
 * If the company's name happens to be company.com, create a new article, naming it company.com (Website)

Refer to our sample page for guidance on what a Website page should look like.
 * I am writing a Website article from scratch. What should I put in it?

Subpages
Proposals and Requests | Sample Article | Full List of WP Websites Articles

title: Wikipedia:WikiProject Websites


text: File:Pathfinder Press (emblem).jpg

title: File:Pathfinder Press (emblem).jpg