text:
User:Redwolf24/Archive12

Frontpage featured article
Notice something :)? -- Ryan Norton T 00:31, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Nice!!! Congrats Ryan!! Redwolf24 00:32, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

Thanks! Being this is my first front page article I've been involved in I didn't realize it would get edited so much while being on the front page - they are all (almost all) good edits though, which is really neat! -- Ryan Norton T 01:41, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

Huzzah
I'm glad you returned, you are an excellent and trustworthy editor and administrator and the loss of you would have been felt. Derktar 01:39, August 24, 2005 (UTC).

 * Thanks Derk! :) Redwolf24 01:40, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

Slash's Snakepit
Hello again, Mr. Wolf! Hope you didn't mind when I was fixing the link to It's Five O'Clock Somewhere (which you spelled it as It's 5 O'Clock Somewhere) at the list of your albums. -- Mike Garcia | talk 02:33, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks Mike. Good to see you :) Redwolf24 02:34, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

 * No problem and I will always be counting on you, Mr. Wolf. Anyway, I left you a message at your list of bands. -- Mike Garcia | talk 04:22, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I'll take a look at them when I'm done closing some VfD's :) Redwolf24 04:25, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

Possibly tricky question
...Yes Ryan? Redwolf24 04:14, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

LOL! I smashed the button too soon... :)

Anyway - so, there's this wikipage that I think is original research/vanity. Is the proper thing to go through VfD, or this there a preferred way now?

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Asperger_Adults_of_Greater_Washington&action=history -- Ryan Norton T 04:15, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

O.o Wtf? VfD it, yes. Redwolf24 04:17, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

Coug it
What on earth happened at the Votes_for_deletion/Coug_it page? By my count, there were 14 signed (or unsigned but attributed) "Keep" votes, and 12 signed (or attributed) for others. You could call that "no consensus" or "keep", but either way the page should have stayed. I'm stunned and disappointed by your decision to delete the page. If you wouldn't mind explaining yourself, please make your case clear at Votes_for_undeletion... --Matt Yeager 04:54, August 24, 2005 (UTC)

 * (Replied at his talk page). Redwolf24 05:00, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Are you serious? Without so much as a note that there's a 100-edit criteria for a vote to count? If I'd have had any idea that the article was in danger, I would have rallied up some people from the Washington State University editors to vote for it; however, I assumed that the article (which, by the by, I didn't write or even edit prior to its listing on VfD) would easily pass the vote. I think that if you're going to use an arbitrary bar you need to notify people. A lot of people wasted their time voting in vain because you didn't notify them that there was an edit bar. Not to mention that the article itself underwent some serious work during the period of the vote because of that aforementioned apparent lack of consensus. The voting went on for a whole week; couldn't you have said something? --Matt Yeager 05:24, August 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Most admins have an edit bar. There's no need to note it. And I only saw 2 editors who voted there who would have counted if there was no bar. Redwolf24 05:27, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Thus, when you say 14 to 12, even without the bar it'd be 4 to 3. Which would be a no-consensus. I have an edit bar which is my right as an admin, and most admins do. And if you were gonna rally support from WSU, don't you think someone could've rallied support against? Where are there more people, WSU, or people elsewhere? And to make things clear: I don't know of ANY Administrators who count IP addresses in VfD's. Redwolf24 05:30, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * 100 edit rule is probably the min. and is also on Sockpuppet -- Ryan Norton T 05:34, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Does that matter? There shouldn't have been an edit bar without notifying people of it. Without the bar it would be 4:3, no consensus, page KEPT (as you said). If I could have rallied support from WSU... sure, people could have rallied support from elsewhere (although I can't fathom who has a rooting interest in deleting the page--Wikipedia is not paper, after all). Isn't that kind of the point of a vote? I thought the case was settled (at 14-12, a few more votes can't change things), and one or more would-be opponents might have thought so, too. Instead everyone was mislead about the whole thing until it was too late to do anything about it. As a matter of principle, I object to that. --Matt Yeager 05:47, August 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * The 100 bar is common knowledge. Much like Jimbo is the founder of Wikipedia. We don't just slap YOU BETTER HAVE 100 EDITS on the VfD page cause that'd be pretty out of the blue. Redwolf24 07:42, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

I might say that I count anonymous votes and votes from very new users when I don't think they were cast in bad faith. For example if the only votes are the nomination, and an anonymous voter voting "keep", I usually won't believe that the anon is a sockpuppet of anyone, and if the anon gives a good reason for keeping the article, I take that into account. The VFD header on the main VFD page says that such votes "may" be discounted, not that they "will" be. I use my discretion in such cases. But when I see a hoard of new users and anons like there was on this VFD debate, I ruthlessly discount them. Sjakkalle (Check!)  09:03, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

Apologies for being so slow to comment: time zone differences, I guess. -Splash 13:36, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

Good to see your back
But if you are in college, don't let this place take over your life! Prioritize! See ya around.--MONGO 05:27, August 24, 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks MONGO. Redwolf24 18:06, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

i need ur help n i wonder if u r willing to help me.
Dear:

i am anggie/f/30/jkt/indonesia, a graduate student. i wonder if u can help me in getting some articles n research findings on euphemism bcs i am not good with internet. so sorry if my english is not so good. tnxs for ur time and attention.

regards, peachy_anggie@yahoo.com

 * I'd be willing to help. You said you're looking for euphemism, well what in particular? Theres the wikipedia article on it... I bet there's also a version in the language you speak in another wikipedia... see http://wikipedia.org and find your language there. Redwolf24 18:06, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

vfd
You've deleted Opa!, but did you follow the procedure? On vfd votings for opa!: delete 3 users, keep 3 users, transwiki 1 user, transwiki or delete 2 users, delete unless expanded 2 users. As I've commented before on dic-def, If you come across an article that is nothing more than a definition, see if there is information you can add that would be appropriate for an encyclopedia.

Please, transfer what was on Opa! to Opa so it could be kept or transwikified properly. Thank you very much.MATIA 14:51, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

 * It was really not very close - it was like 7 delete, 3 keep and one transwiki which generally ends up on delete in procedure I believe -- Ryan Norton T 14:59, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete if no one cleans up? That's still a delete vote. The VfD consensus was to kill it, and I did :D Redwolf24 18:06, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

I strongly disagree with that attitude. People left comments after their delete votes, we shouldn't only look on the bold words. And there is a whole category of such words, that should either be kept or moved to wiktionary.MATIA 19:52, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

User:Jimbo Wales moved to User:Jumbo Whales?
Sorry. I didn't realize it was a little joke. I was assuming it was vandalism. You're unblocked now. Redwolf24 04:57, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Yeah, Jimbo says on his user page that he appreciates that sort of thing, and seems to like it, so... I changed his name to an obvious play on his name... Jumbo Whales!! I mean, if he can be tortured about his beard, it won't hurt to torture him about his name, eh? haha! Adamwankenobi 15:39, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Haha. Keep the beard, ya know you wanna ;) Redwolf24 18:06, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

Coug It
Hey Man,

Thanks for getting rid of that stupid "Coug It" crap.

If you ever need someone to "disappear," let me know...I owe you one "disappearance."

Seriously, you rock.

Ghost of a Scrotum

 * /me chooses "dissapearance" to be on either Michael Moore or Anne Coulter.... Redwolf24 18:06, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

Please help me
Hi I am new to Wikipedia and have made a few contributions to various articles, the problem is anything I try to post keeps getting erased by the user Dreamguy. I feel he is targeting me and all I am trying to do is add verifiable information. (preceding unsigned comment by Khaosinfire 18:04 24 August 2005 (UTC))

 * You are like the 10th user to complain about Dreamguy. He reverts a lot of users, don't take it personal. Just let it go or gather some consensus. Redwolf24 18:06, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Hi Redwolf... you might want to check Khaosinfire's edits... everyone reverts him, because his "verifiable information" is pseudoscience and New Age/occult stuff with no sources but presented as if it were undeniably factual and uncontroversial. I do revert a lot of users who make equally bad edits as him, it's true. It might be a good idea to instruct the newbie on how to make better edits instead of giving statements he can use to further justify his persecution complex. If you aren't part of the solution, you are just contributing to the problem. DreamGuy 19:01, August 24, 2005 (UTC)

Hi :)
Just wanted to say hi. And that I apologize for my "sock puppet" vote, earlier. regarding "BestTechie.net". Just trying to help out a friend. LOL That is what I get for not reading up on stuff. We all got caught up in it I'm afraid. Loyalty sometimes over rides common sense.

BTW I was born in Canada too. Hmmm..... I wonder if I have a dual citizenship as well. That be cool. My parents are American though.

Have a good day!

Yay
Yay!! Glad to see you back. I asked Sango to take over your mop-based duties, so now I have two. Twice the power. :) Howabout1 Talk to me! 22:26, August 24, 2005 (UTC)

Oh moooooop
User:Rahulb64 vandal and imposter of user:Raul64. Howabout1 Talk to me! 23:48, August 24, 2005 (UTC)

Creating stub cats
Would you happen to know how I'd create stub subcategory for Hampshire County, West Virginia county roads?

I'd appreciate it forever.

Jozef

 * This is handled on Stub. It should have all the info you need on that page.  ∞ Who ? ¿ ?  05:24, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

 * What he said. Redwolf24 18:24, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

Thanks for your support
Thanks for your vote of support at RFA! *wakes up and smells the Redwolf* Hmm... Coffee 08:28, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Replied on page. Redwolf24 18:23, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

HappyCamper's RFA :-)
Hi Redwolf24! Thanks for coming out to my recent RFA. I'm now an administrator, and I wanted to thank you for your honesty and steadfastness during my candidacy. If you ever need me, feel free to leave a message on my talk page. Happy editing, and I'll see you around the Wiki! --HappyCamper 12:18, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

 * That was a weird RfA... Redwolf24 18:25, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

Useful admin templates
Hey, I dont know if you've seen it or not, but I added Category:Wikipedia user intervention awhile back with some useful templates and links. Nothing special, just some stuff for userblocks and such. ∞ Who ? ¿ ? 13:44, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks who :) Redwolf24 19:12, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

Template on Pottsville
Hi Redwolf,

I saw that you were always willing to help, on the list of admins page, So I picked you out, LOL Hey, maybe you can help then? On the page: Pottsville, Pennsylvania There is a template on the right and at location ((Flag (Detail))) There really is no flag for the city of Pottsville, Is there any way to make it disappear from the website? Thanks in advance for any help on this.

Best Regards,

Scott

Translated

 * Incidently, this whitespace is what a lot of stuff I try to translate with babelfish comes up as if I'm unlucky Ryan Norton T 16:08, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

 * What? Redwolf24 19:10, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I was joking - uncle ed put the header here w/o any text Ryan Norton T 19:11, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

Mini dispute resolution request at Talk:Holocaust denial
Hey Redwolf, could you look in on the bottom of Talk:Holocaust denial? Bdell555 is looking for some admin other than Jpgordon and Jayjg to confirm that simple admins can't mess with article histories. Thanks. :-) Tomer TALK  20:02, August 25, 2005 (UTC)

 * Done :) And thanks for the support vote at my RfA again :) Redwolf24 20:08, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

Rab - Ryuku
Would you mind telling me why you have deleted this article without consulting me first, especially as it was only created a few days ago? Surely a glance at my userpage would tell you that I am working on this category?

--Jack 20:54, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Go here.

1) It was VfD'd.

2) I don't have to notify the creator.

Redwolf24 20:58, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

Edit conflict
What were the odds of me getting in an edit conflict on a page that hasn't been edited in almost 3 weeks? Redwolf24 (talk) 23:45, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Oh, that wasn't just because it popped up in your watchlist? Fun. Want to have an edit war on template:protected? Should be entertaining. --fvw *  23:51, August 25, 2005 (UTC)

 * Haha, not now. Busy ;) Redwolf24 (talk) 23:53, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

Wind-up Willy On Wheels

 * See Votes_for_deletion/Wind-up_Willy_on_Wheels. AdamRock 00:17, August 26, 2005 (UTC)

 * I know I know but its a funny link still. Redwolf24 (talk) 00:30, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Then again, there's also this. AdamRock 00:33, August 26, 2005 (UTC)

 * yeah I've seen that and I assumed he named himself after Willy on Wheels originally. However it could also be this dick with wheels. Redwolf24 (talk) 00:35, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

 * He's referred to himself as a Willys [[Image:Willys-Knight1920.jpg|100px|1920 Willys-Knight advertisement]] also. AdamRock 00:40, August 26, 2005 (UTC)

You said you liked messages...
Hiya Redwolf24! Thanks for the introduction message. I'm looking forward to sharing my very limited knowledge and somewhat exaggerated editing skills with the 'pedia. Peace. -- Anodyne 26 Aug 2005 2:23 UTC

 * I do love messages ;) Nice to have you aboard :D Redwolf24 (talk) 01:38, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

Inquiry from Jimbo
Hi! On Talk:Jane_McGonigal is a link to the archived discussion, but the link leads nowhere, and I'm too clueless to find the archived discussion. :-( I tried to fix the link, but my fix was useless.  Can you help me?  I ask because I voted, which is of course rare for me.--Jimbo Wales 02:47, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

Looks like its fixed Ryan Norton T 02:54, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

Yeah its fixed now I see. Votes_for_deletion/Jane_mcgonigal is the link anyway. Redwolf24 (talk) 02:55, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Drive-by edit! Bang! Bang! (Sorry. :-) JRM · Talk 02:56, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

 * See User talk:Jimbo Wales for how that all happened. P.S. curse you JRM! :P Redwolf24 (talk) 03:00, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

OMG. All Hail Jimbo. *kisses the screen* Howabout1 Talk to me! 03:02, August 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Don't exaggerate. The man can't even check an article history for move notices. But then, he has his WikiWorshippers to do that for him. :-D JRM · Talk 03:04, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

INFIDEL!!!!! :P Howabout1 Talk to me! 03:08, August 26, 2005 (UTC)

Nah it wasn't the history that was Jimbo's problem it was my typo. And as for wikiworshippers, hey George Washington (co)founded America and so he's a great man to all of us Yankees :) Jimbo's the same with Wikipedia :) Redwolf24 (talk) 03:21, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I hereby decare this to be a site holy to the Catholic Church of Wikipedia because it was here that Almighty Jimbo spoke to us. A basilica must be built immediately! Blessed be Jimbo forever! *genuflects* -- Essjay ·  Talk 04:40, August 26, 2005 (UTC)

Here's a nice plaque for your basilica, Red. Put it somewhere prominent. Oh, and JRM is excommunicated for blasphemy against the Jimbo. -- Essjay ·  Talk 05:44, August 26, 2005 (UTC)

Re:Thanks
You finnaly figured out the sig thing. You could've asked, I didn't wave a wand and get Talk to me! to appear at the end of my sig. ANd thank for the coding. One more thing, ever leave again, and the pictures you see below will be a reality. :) Howabout1 Talk to me! 03:13, August 26, 2005 (UTC)

Oh you fucking wouldn't. Redwolf24 (talk) 03:19, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

I am fully prepared to hunt down every lemming to get you back. I'll do whatever it takes to keep you here, man. I am also willing to send my little friend after you. Howabout1 Talk to me!

Brion?
He's no vandal! He's an esteemed developer. Oh wait, let me guess, I have my mythology mixed up, right? I wanted a better name than unknown User:Michael so I picked Brion. Feel free to replace by a more appropriate person. If redemption is the issue... Requests for adminship/Mike Garcia may be appropriate. Radiant_ >|< 08:41, August 26, 2005 (UTC)

 * K thats why you confused me. Redwolf24 (talk) 19:53, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

Re:to an ---
No i'll just remove your jerkish comment, maybe i ought to show wales the "offensive" language on this on this page so he can embarrass him self again. --Boothy443 | comhrÚ 09:22, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I know you don't suscribe to the all hail Jimbo thing, but you should suscribe to Jimbo-being-able-to-ban-users-for-as-long-as-he-chooses theory. Also why would you link to shock sites, I must side with Jimbo that was rather juvenile. And yes, it was jerkish of me to mention your Sockpuppets. Redwolf24 (talk) 19:53, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

WP:CCW
Red:

I cleaned that up, made a few changes, and took out a couple things I thought we'd be better without. I'm removing the "plaque" until I can fix whatever is wrong with it; I'll have it back shortlyl. Finally, presuming you're still around, could you drop in #wikipedia ASAP? -- Essjay ·  Talk 09:29, August 26, 2005 (UTC)

 * Plaque fixed and returned. Also, I saw your comments on Boothy's talk page, and I feel it incumbent upon me to remind you:

''There are certain Wikipedia users who are unpopular....It is only human to imagine that such users might be fair game....This notion is misguided. It is your responsibility to foster and maintain a positive online community in Wikipedia. Personal attacks against any user - regardless of his/her past behaviour - is contrary to this spirit.''
 * I know you well enough to see this as momentary lapse; get past it and get back to good work. You're a great editor and you believe in making WP a better place.

 * By the way, we'd still like to see you in #wikipedia. -- Essjay ·  Talk 09:53, August 26, 2005 (UTC)

 * I was gone when you said that. Redwolf24 (talk) 19:53, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

Feces
Redwolf I need you to protect the article "Feces" a user called "Love Virus" keeps vandalising it over and over without stop. It needs to be protected or else it won't stop. The Fäcist Chicken 12:31, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Looks like its been taken care of. Redwolf24 (talk) 19:53, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

Wiki Church
Great job on the Church. It has been a while since I have been on the article, and it has certainly improved. I liked your prayer for the articles so I added it to my user page. Psy Guy 18:58, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks Psy. Redwolf24 (talk) 19:53, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

Voting Policy
I noticed that a few days ago while I was scanning through the old nominations. Maybe I should tone it down a bit. Actually, in my opinion, it's more important to have a large number of Wikipedia namespace edits than article edits, so I will change it. Acetic Acid 20:00, August 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * You're pathetic. :O Just kidding. Hmmm... I wonder how I would have voted. Acetic Acid 20:05, August 26, 2005 (UTC)

Assistance/Advice request
Hello -- I've seen you in the Tern melee in recent days. (sigh)

Anyway. While doing random reading on Wikipedia, I stumbled on evidence that someone has been doing a lot of vanity linking, putting their own sites on Wikipedia pages -- sites that really don't warrant it anyway. Imagine my surprise, though, when I found out that it is someone who is also related to the recent ruckus on the AS page (not Tern, though, and the pages aren't related to AS or autism). I feel a little uncomfortable getting into a possible disagreement with said person, under the circumstances... but I do think the sites need to be removed. I would go to this person's user page and bring it up, but I can't really think of any way this won't turn out ugly, and as I was the one who started the whole AS thing by deleting Tern's link from the AS page last week, I'd rather not start yet another battle among the same group of people. So I haven't yet brought it up.

So I guess I am asking for advice from a more experienced editor in this issue. Any wisdom you can provide would be appreciated. Thanks. ManekiNeko 23:20, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

 * First things first, gimme at least 3 times they inserted their linkspam and give me the user name. I'll look over it later. Tern's not really controversial. There is no one unblocking him or caving into his demands. He's just making a big deal out of nothing and when he does file the VfD it'll probably be a landslide keep. Tern doesn't have me worried. Now go find me those links for this new guy. 24.16.56.62 23:26, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm not really worried about Tern either. It's just been messy, and chaos is not my preferred state. :) I'll e-mail you the info in a minute or two. Thanks! ManekiNeko 23:39, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, how about that? Tern is gone. I e-mailed you the info on this other issue a few hours ago -- let me know if it didn't show up. Cheers -- ManekiNeko 05:42, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I've gone to bed. I'll work on it tomorrow. Redwolf24 (talk) 06:01, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

 * No rush. Sleep well! ManekiNeko 06:20, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

Regarding Votes for deletion/Kuopion Lyseon lukio
It seems this VFD has been ongoing for some time and I would ask that you finally close this VFD please, thanks in advance, Derktar 02:44, August 27, 2005 (UTC).

 * Taken care of. Redwolf24 (talk)

 * Thanks, and congratz on the oldest unclosed VFD, lol, it probably is too. Derktar 02:52, August 27, 2005 (UTC).

Religious
I saw that you redirected Religious to religion; but the vfd votes were to delete religious and merge with religious orders... freestylefrappe 04:52, August 27, 2005 (UTC)

No, the votes were every which way, making it no consensus. I redirected it not as the closing admin but as a regular editor being bold. Redwolf24 (talk) 04:53, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

.
.

!

?!

Aww, thank you! Collabi 05:23, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

..!

Esperanza move
I'll move it to the wikipedia space as soon as we have drafted and ratified the charter, I have been encouraged by the response but I don't want don't want the boat to get swamped before it's even finished, pardon the colloquialism. I'm assuming your accepting a seat in the provisional government, I should probably ask the others if they accept the position as well. I go back to ETBU Monday- so I'm a little pressed for time. It's 3 am where I'm at so, I'll work on it tommorrow. To use the Biblical phrase, "Let Patience have her perfect work," (Unfortunately what the Bible fails to mention is that Patience is a 400 pound woman, riding a unicycle and dragging an anvil behind her.) Cheers. -JCarriker 08:07, August 27, 2005 (UTC)

 * (Replied on talk page.) Redwolf24 (talk) 08:10, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * P.S. I'll hold up on adding it to my signature until we do that charter stuff. Redwolf24 (talk) 08:12, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

Finding Willy!
I should have done that, but I didn't... I just went through batches of 100. But now that you mention it, I will! It can't take that long to load, can it? :) Alphax τεχ 08:29, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Haha. Its like Where's Waldo. Warn me immediately for every Willy, k? /me makes Willy Busters. Wait that sounds like a porn movie... Redwolf24 (talk) 08:31, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Check out User:4-wheeler, User:4wheelingaz and User:Agwheels - I have a nasty suspicious mind. Also, anything linke to {{WoW}}. I'd be on IRC but for Windoze update. Cheers, Alphax τεχ 08:36, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Have they been blocked already? Redwolf24 (talk) 08:38, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I indef blocked em all :) Redwolf24 (talk) 08:40, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

Move page script
Use enhanced recent changes. Select it in your preferences. -- Tim Starling 08:32, August 27, 2005 (UTC)

 * K. Redwolf24 (talk) 08:34, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

Hello
Thanks for welcome :) Bye

No prob! Redwolf24 (talk) 08:34, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

Template:Impostor
Hey, I seen your change and self rv. I was actually considering doing the same thing. Just hadnt got around to it yet, power outage and all. I pretty much made all of the other categories, since there was no previous way to really keep track of them easily. I was thinking of making either Category:Wikipedia:Impostor user accounts or Category:Wikipedia:Impostors which would be beneath Category:Wikipedia:Indefinitely blocked users. Unless someone said something specifically to you about it? ∞ Who ? ¿ ? 20:38, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes I made Category:Wikipedia:Impostors see and I wanted that to be a subcat of indef blocked. But when I went to the cat for whatever reason the only thing there was the template! There was no RedwoIf24 or JImbo Wales or anything. Redwolf24 (talk) 22:33, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Yea when the template gets changed, the articles that are using it need null edits to update them. It will fill up eventually :)   ∞ Who ? ¿ ?  02:26, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

Hey
Hi Redwolf. Howya doin'. Howabout1 Talk to me! 22:43, August 27, 2005 (UTC)

 * Doing good. I'm gonna take a shower and do some of the things on User:Redwolf24/to do :) Redwolf24 (talk) 22:44, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Like make it? Or was that a typo? Howabout1 Talk to me! 22:45, August 27, 2005 (UTC)

 * It was a typo. Redwolf24 (talk) 23:08, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

Hi there!
Yes, I noticed that you also alphabeticised my name. I didn't see the pattern initially. I think I have some ideas, but I'll take things slowly at first just to get a feel for what this group wants to accomplish, and where it would like to be in the future. --HappyCamper 23:19, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes I'm working on it a bit as we speak. Put any ideas you have on its talk page for now. Redwolf24 (talk) 23:21, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User:Redwolf24/Archive12


text:
Ilhéu das Rolas

Ilhéu das Rolas (also: Ilheu Gago Coutinho) is an islet in the African island nation of São Tomé and Príncipe. It lies on the Equator, off the southern tip of São Tomé Island, separated by Canal das Rolas. Its maximum elevation is 96 m. Its population was 76 at the 2012 census. It is part of the Caué District. Access to the island is only by ferry from Ponta Baleia on São Tomé Island. There is a lighthouse on the islet, built in 1929, whose focal height is 106 m and range is 12 nmi. The island is home to a small resort, the Pestana Equador.

History
The island was mentioned as "Illie de Rolle" in a 1665 map by Johannes Vingboons. and as "I. de Rolle" in a 1780 map by A. Dalrymple.

Gago Coutinho (1869–1959), officer of the Portuguese Navy, navigator and historian, headed a geodesic mission to São Tomé between 1915 and 1918, when marks were placed as a basis for a geodetic network in the archipelago. After that, observations for triangulation, precise base measurement and astronomical observations were made.

In the process, Gago Coutinho proved that Ilhéu das Rolas is crossed by the equatorial line. The resulting map was published in 1919, together with the Report of the Geodetic Mission on São Tomé Island 1915–1918, that was officially considered the first complete work of practical geodesy in the Portuguese colonies.

Nature
The islet is abundant in flora and fauna. Some endemic species are Greeff’s giant gecko, birds such as the São Tomé prinia and the São Tomé weaver and frogs such as Phrynobatrachus leveleve and Schistometopum thomense.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Ilhéu das Rolas


text:
WHO-DT

WHO-DT (channel 13) is a television station in Des Moines, Iowa, United States, affiliated with NBC and owned by Nexstar Media Group. The station's studios are located on Grand Avenue in downtown Des Moines, and its transmitter is located in Alleman, Iowa.

Although WHO-DT's call letters sound like "who" if pronounced as a word, the station is never referred to in that manner; it is always mentioned on air as "W-H-O".

History
WHO-TV signed on the air on April 15, 1954, as the third television station in Des Moines, after WOI-TV (channel 5) and KGTV (channel 17). It was signed on by the Tri-City Broadcasting Company, which was owned by the Palmer family, owners of WHO radio (AM 1040 and FM 100.3, now KDRB). The Palmers had competed with KIOA for the channel 13 license and won it after reaching a settlement. It has always been an NBC affiliate, having inherited this affiliation from WOI-TV and owing to WHO's long affiliation with the NBC Radio Network.

Palmer Communications, which since the 1970s had been the name of the Palmer family's holding company, sold off their broadcast holdings in 1996, with WHO-TV and sister station KFOR-TV in Oklahoma City going to The New York Times Company. Up to that time, channel 13 had been the last locally owned commercial station in Des Moines. WHO radio, which was eventually acquired by Jacor Communications (which later merged with Clear Channel Communications), continued to occupy the same building until it moved to another building in 2005. While WHO-TV was co-owned with WHO radio, it used an owl as its mascot.

On January 4, 2007, The New York Times entered into an agreement to sell its entire television division, including WHO-TV, to private equity group Oak Hill Capital Partners. Oak Hill created Local TV LLC as a holding company for the former New York Times stations. The sale closed on May 7, 2007.

On December 20, 2007, Local TV and Tribune Company entered into a letter of intent to create a third-party broadcast management company to provide shared services to all of Local TV and Tribune's stations. The company functioned as a wholly owned subsidiary of Tribune Company, and provided back-office services, administration, and a number of other functions to the stations. The most noticeable byproducts of this partnership were the redesigned websites of WHO-TV and Local TV's other stations, which were launched during late January and into February 2009, using the Tribune Interactive platform also used by the websites of Tribune-owned stations. However, on March 7, 2012, following the lead of Local TV's Fox-affiliated stations, WHO-DT became the first of Local TV's "Big Three" network-affiliated stations to migrate its Web site away from Tribune Digital (successor to Tribune Interactive) to a new host, WordPress.com VIP.

On July 1, 2013, Local TV announced that it would be acquired outright by Tribune Broadcasting, making WHO-DT and KFOR Tribune's first NBC affiliates. The sale was completed on December 27.

Aborted sale to Sinclair; sale to Nexstar
Sinclair Broadcast Group, which has owned KDSM-TV since 1996, entered into an agreement to acquire Tribune Media on May 8, 2017, for $3.9 billion, plus the assumption of $2.7 billion in Tribune debt. The deal received significant scrutiny over Sinclair's forthrightness in its applications to sell certain conflict properties, prompting the FCC to designate it for hearing and leading Tribune to terminate the deal and sue Sinclair for breach of contract.

Following the Sinclair deal's collapse, Nexstar Media Group of Irving, Texas, announced its purchase of Tribune Media on December 3, 2018, for $6.4 billion in cash and debt. As Nexstar already owned ABC affiliate WOI-DT and CW affiliate KCWI-TV (channel 23), the company agreed on March 20, 2019, to divest the WOI/KCWI duopoly to Tegna Inc. as part of a $1.32 billion group deal with Tegna and the E. W. Scripps Company. The sale was completed on September 19, 2019.

Past programming preemptions and deferrals
Until the 1980s, WHO-TV frequently preempted NBC programming in favor of local shows. For instance, it only ran Days of Our Lives for 37 of its 57 years on NBC, beginning with the soap opera's 20th season and ending with its move to the streaming service Peacock in September 2022; in the 1960s and 1970s, the station aired a 90-minute movie between 12:30 and 2 p.m. For its first 23 years on the air, WHO-TV had a competing station in KQTV/KVFD-TV in Fort Dodge.

News operation
WHO-TV presently broadcasts 36 hours of locally produced newscasts each week (with six hours each weekday and three hours each on Saturdays and Sundays); in regards to the numbers of hours devoted to programming, it is the largest local newscast output among any station in Des Moines and the state of Iowa.

It was in 1976 that WHO-TV formed its most popular news team: Jack Cafferty, Phil Thomas, Jerry Reno and Jim Zabel all were hired for the Des Moines variation of the Eyewitness News format. By 1977, Cafferty had become one of the nation's most sought after local TV anchors, even being represented by the William Morris Agency. Cafferty left WHO that year to join NBC's flagship station WNBC-TV in New York City and was with CNN until 2012. Knowing of his departure, WHO-TV ran a transitional ad where he was photographed next to Phil Thomas, who was in the foreground. Following Cafferty's departure, his place was taken by Greg Burden, a former college basketball player from Los Angeles who was hired away from KMOX-TV (now KMOV) in St. Louis. Although his personality clicked with fellow newscasters, Thomas complained that the fact that Burden was bigger than him had made him look like a circus midget. Later in the decade the humor on Eyewitness News, combined with the two anchors' constant ribbing, was a source of annoyance for the Palmers, particularly when audience research showed that viewers compared Phil Thomas to the then-budding comedian Steve Martin and bloopers from the news were on the inaugural show of NBC's Real People. (Said bloopers aired as part of the show locally on WHO-TV and have been uploaded to YouTube.)

By 1979, Phil Thomas had risen to become the news director at the station, as reported in the Guthrie Center Times, where he began his news career.

On September 2, 2008, WHO-TV entered into a news share agreement with Fox affiliate KDSM-TV (owned by the Sinclair Broadcast Group). The big three station then began producing a Des Moines-based prime time newscast known as Channel 13 News at Nine on Fox 17. KDSM previously had its 9 p.m. broadcast produced by Sinclair sister outlet KGAN in Cedar Rapids. Originating from WHO-TV's primary set at its facilities on Grand Avenue in Downtown Des Moines (with separate duratrans indicating the Fox show), the nightly prime time program currently airs for an hour on weeknights and thirty minutes on weekends. KDSM features the majority of WHO-TV's on-air team but maintains a separate news anchor on weeknights. Unlike other outsourced news arrangements at Sinclair-owned television stations, KDSM uses the same music and graphics package scheme as seen on this NBC affiliate. WHO had also produced a prime time newscast for Pax TV (now Ion Television) owned-and-operated station KFPX-TV in 2001, and later reran its 10 p.m. news on that station.

For the better part of its history, WHO-TV was a solid, if usually distant, runner-up to CBS affiliate KCCI in the ratings. It managed to close the gap somewhat at the turn of the century. In February 2010, WHO-TV overtook KCCI in the mornings and at 6 p.m. The latter was significant, as it was the first time that channel 8 had lost the lead at 6 in decades.

In the May 2011 ratings period, WHO-TV surged ahead as central Iowa's news leader, claiming a ratings victory in the majority of weekday newscasts (morning, 5 p.m. and 6 p.m.) KCCI retained a narrow lead at 10 p.m. WHO-TV held the lead in most timeslots until February 2013, when KCCI beat WHO-TV by a decisive margin in every timeslot.

WHO-TV has many firsts in the market. It was the first area station to use videotape and the first to broadcast from news events live. It was also the first station to use live Doppler radar and the first to broadcast in high definition (during the 2002 Winter Olympics) and air local news segments in high definition. On April 22, 2009, Channel 13 became the second station in Des Moines broadcasting all in-studio news in widescreen standard definition. On May 19, 2010, WHO-HD became the first commercial station in Des Moines to launch fully into high definition television.

On September 8, 2014, the station premiered a 4 p.m. newscast with Ellen's move to KCCI. The station decided not to fill the timeslot with syndicated programming as all the ad revenue in the hour goes to the station, especially during popular political advertising seasons.

Notable current on-air staff

 * Justin Surrency – reporter

Notable former on-air staff

 * Jack Cafferty (later at WNBC and WPIX in New York City and CNN)
 * Jim Zabel (also personality at WHO Radio and play-by-play announcer for the Iowa Hawkeyes radio network; deceased)

Subchannels
The station's signal is multiplexed: {{legend|#DFEBF6|Broadcast on behalf of another station}}

In 2008, WHO-TV introduced Iowa's Weather Plus, a 24-hour weather channel affiliated with NBC Weather Plus. This station airs on digital channel 13.2 and Mediacom digital channel 246. Although the national feed of NBC's Weather Plus has been discontinued, the format continues with the new branding of "Iowa's Weather Channel". Besides the rolling weather coverage, it airs a repeat of WHO-DT's midday newscast at 2 p.m., as well as a children's E/I programming block on Saturdays from 7 to 10 a.m. On August 22, 2016, WHO-DT began broadcasting This TV on digital subchannel 13.4. In October 2019, subchannel 13.4 flipped to Court TV. In May 2023, "Iowa's Weather Channel" returned, but this time on 13.4, effectively dropping Court TV from its subchannel lineup.

Analog-to-digital conversion
WHO-TV launched digital television programming on channel 19 as WHO-DT on January 10, 2001. The station shut down its analog signal, over VHF channel 13, on February 17, 2009, the original target date on which full-power television stations in the United States were to transition from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate (which was later pushed back to June 12, 2009). The station's digital signal relocated from its pre-transition UHF channel 19 to VHF channel 13.

With the conversion to digital, the station also retired the longtime WHO-TV call sign in favor of WHO-DT, a move opposite to what most other TV stations across the country have done (competitor WOI retained its "-DT" suffix as well). In the spring of 2011, the station unofficially changed its call letters to "WHO-HD".

Former translators
WHO-DT was previously repeated on analog translators K27CV (channel 27) in Ottumwa and K66AL (channel 66) in Clarinda. The Ottumwa translator was operated by a local non-profit organization, while the Clarinda translator was owned by the City of Clarinda.

title: WHO-DT


text:
Kayrati

Kayrati (كايراتي) is a village in Chad.

In 2004 a water tower with a solar-powered pump was constructed to raise groundwater and distribute it to public taps. It was built as compensation for land lost to oil development.

title: Kayrati


text:
WOI-DT

WOI-DT (channel 5) is a television station licensed to Ames, Iowa, United States, serving the Des Moines area as an affiliate of ABC. It is owned by Tegna Inc. alongside CW affiliate KCWI-TV (channel 23), also licensed to Ames. The two stations share studios on Westown Parkway in West Des Moines; WOI-DT's transmitter is located in Alleman, Iowa.

WOI-TV was Iowa's second television station and the first TV station owned by an educational institution when it was built by Iowa State College, now Iowa State University (ISU); it signed on February 21, 1950, on channel 4. It operated from studios on the campus in Ames. The foresight of president Charles E. Friley to expand Iowa State's long-running WOI radio station into television led to a very early application and allowed the college to beat a years-long freeze on new TV stations. While WOI-TV was intended as an educational service and aired college courses, agricultural extension programs, and the long-running children's show The Magic Window, the freeze left it the only TV station in central Iowa, and the Iowa Board of Regents allowed it to accept national network programming and advertising. After the freeze, WOI-TV was moved to channel 5, and new stations sprang up in Des Moines. As a result of the advent of KRNT-TV (now KCCI) and WHO-TV, WOI-TV lost considerable advertising business as well as NBC and CBS programming. To counteract the lost revenue, the Board of Regents permitted WOI-TV to accept local advertising in 1955, though it did not employ its own advertising sales representatives. For decades, WOI-TV existed between commercial broadcasting and university ownership; the federal government ruled its activities were subject to income tax, and there were sporadic calls for ISU to sell WOI-TV to a private entity. With the station deliberately kept from being an aggressive competitor and perceptions that it was a training ground for university students and not a Des Moines station, the station sank to a distant third in local news ratings.

Debate over the privatization of state government functions renewed the touchy question of WOI-TV's operational status in the mid-1980s. In 1987, WOI-TV was placed under separate management within the university and encouraged to turn a profit. The sales force was expanded and some of the news staff moved to Des Moines to improve the station's competitive standing, but ratings failed to meaningfully rise, and increased revenues came in below projections. In 1991, ISU president Martin C. Jischke recommended WOI-TV be sold, in spite of a down market for commercial TV stations. This was opposed by local residents who felt that WOI-TV was a resource to ISU and a valuable training ground for broadcast professionals. The bidding process was partly mishandled, leading the original winning bidder to withdraw from the process. The regents agreed to a $14 million offer from Citadel Communications in 1992; Citadel overcame an adverse ruling in court and an attempt by the Iowa legislature to stop the transaction and took control on February 28, 1994. It chose not to rehire 20 employees, canceled The Magic Window, and began migrating station operations and some newscast production to Des Moines. In 1998, the entire station relocated to the present studios in West Des Moines. In spite of multiple rebrands and efforts to improve the news product, WOI continued to find itself a very distant third in the ratings and struggled to change viewers' perceptions of the station.

Citadel sold its Iowa stations to Nexstar Broadcasting Group in 2013. Under Nexstar, the station rebranded again as Local 5 in 2015. It also gained a duopoly partner when the company closed on its purchase of KCWI-TV in 2016. When Nexstar acquired Tribune Media in 2019, it opted to retain the higher-rated WHO and sold WOI and KCWI to Tegna.

Construction and freeze-era operation
Iowa State College's involvement in broadcasting had dated to the earliest days of the medium. An amateur radio station had been set up in 1914, which turned into a full broadcasting station on November 21, 1921. Known initially as 9YL, it received the call sign WOI in April 1922. Originally part of the electrical engineering department, it became part of the college proper in 1925 and a major source of educational, agricultural, and sports information in the state.

Under president Charles E. Friley, in 1944, the college formed a commission to investigate the possibilities in the new medium of television. On February 13, 1945, it applied to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) for a construction permit for a new commercial television station to operate on channel 3, 66–72 MHz. The commission granted this application on September 19, 1946, by which time that channel had been redesignated channel 4.

The timing of events beyond Iowa made the WOI-TV construction permit of extra importance to central Iowa. In October 1948, the FCC declared a freeze on grants for new television stations. Only two permits had been granted in Iowa before the freeze, for WOI-TV and WOC-TV (now KWQC-TV) in Davenport. Even so, not even "a nickel" had been appropriated to build the station, per a college spokesman as of December 1948. A major step came in July 1949, when WOI-FM began broadcasting on 90.1 MHz from a new 580 ft tower. By November, about half the equipment had arrived at the Iowa State College campus and the tower south of campus. The first test pattern was broadcast January 24, 1950, as was a film. On February 21, 1950, WOI-TV made its first regular broadcast. It was the first station in Central Iowa, the second in Iowa (after WOC-TV), and the 100th in the United States. Of equal significance, it was the first television station licensed to a college.

Iowa State was engaged in the war effort, producing uranium for the Manhattan Project, and received a 5-percent overhead on money used for war research; this money is known to have been a funding source for the station. This money also was used to fund the purchase of scientific equipment by the college.

From the beginning, WOI-TV was a different kind of venture from the WOI radio stations. State officials believed that the state-owned radio stations should not compete with commercial outlets and thus ran them on a non-commercial basis. However, WOI-TV found itself in an unusual position. The four national television networks—ABC, CBS, DuMont, and NBC—had no other outlet for their programs in Ames or Des Moines, and the station held affiliations with all of them when it launched. On September 30, 1950, the station began presenting network programs live. The Iowa state board of education adopted a "semi-commercial" posture to the operation of WOI-TV, initially as a stopgap. It allowed the station to take in revenue from national advertising contained in network programs, but the station was not permitted to sell ad time to Iowa businesses or have local time sales representatives. The concept was to create an income source for additional equipment and improvements for WOI-TV's operation. The station also barred some categories of national advertisers, notably beer and wine; dairy farmers protested when it aired margarine spots. At the time the semi-commercial policy was adopted, the posture was that this would last until TV stations were established in Des Moines, at which time WOI-TV would become a non-commercial service like its sister stations. In spite of the restrictions placed on advertising, WOI-TV turned an operating profit in 1951—primarily derived from income from network programming—all of which was offset by capital expenditures. Among these was a studio-transmitter link to connect the transmitter with the Service Building on the Iowa State campus so that equipment could be moved from the transmitter site to the same building as WOI radio. The station moved from the Service Building to Exhibit Hall on the Iowa State campus in 1952.

After the freeze: New channel number, new competition
The years-long FCC freeze on new station applications ended April 14, 1952, with major changes to television allocations, including the addition of ultra high frequency (UHF) channels to the existing 12 in the very high frequency (VHF) band and new station spacing requirements. The FCC's order had two immediate repercussions for WOI-TV. It reaffirmed that the station was a commercial license by failing to reserve the channel for educational broadcasting. It made a total of 30 changes to the channels of existing stations, including WOI-TV, which would be moved from channel 4 to channel 5. This change was carried out in June 1953. The station left channel 4 after its June 26 broadcasts with the intention of returning the next day on channel 5 at double the effective radiated power. Instead, technicians battled unexpected setbacks in the installation of a new antenna, including a broken winch and damage as it was raised to its position atop the tower. In the heat of the Iowa summer, sightseers jammed local roads to watch the work be done; the station returned to the air on June 29. On January 30, 1954, WOI-TV boosted its power again to the maximum of 100,000 watts.

The end of the freeze also meant television stations for Des Moines. The first of these was in the new UHF band: KGTV (channel 17), which debuted on November 15, 1953, as a basic affiliate of ABC plus additional shows from CBS and DuMont. Its lineup of network shows included some popular offerings that WOI-TV passed on because of its policy of not accepting beer sponsors, such as Schlitz Playhouse of Stars, Person to Person, and CBS's Wednesday night boxing coverage. In April 1954, WHO-TV (channel 13) signed on as an NBC affiliate, taking with it the NBC shows WOI-TV had been carrying. KGTV quit airing network programming in March 1955 before going off the air altogether the next month; its owner, Rib Mountain Radio, in part blamed WOI-TV's continued commercial operation. The other commercial VHF channel for the city was activated in July 1955 by KRNT-TV (channel 8, now KCCI); it was a full CBS affiliate, making WOI-TV a full ABC affiliate except for beer-sponsor programs. The station also retained its affiliation with DuMont, which ceased its existence as a network later that year.

With WOI-TV now one of three VHF stations, each with its own network affiliation, serving central Iowa viewers, the Iowa Board of Regents approved on November 11, 1955, that WOI-TV continue to operate on a commercial basis. Citing the need for a steady income source for the station, the board removed the local advertising restriction but retained the bar on alcoholic beverage sponsors. The station had been taking advertising from "regional" accounts that included Iowa and other states. The Board of Regents's decision was met poorly by Iowa's private commercial broadcasters. The Iowa Broadcasters Association called on the state to defund WOI-TV, and the chairman of the Iowa Democratic Party suggested selling WOI-TV to private interests and using the proceeds to build out a state-owned educational television network. WHO-TV and KRNT-TV became major competitors, and deprived of its monopoly, WOI-TV suffered financially, losing money in four consecutive fiscal years and because Iowa State's educational programming did not make money. Iowa State College was renamed Iowa State University of Science and Technology (ISU) on July 4, 1959.

Educational programming on WOI-TV
As a unit of Iowa State, WOI-TV also served as an educational broadcaster in a role different from many commercial stations. Farm service programming made an appearance as early as the first night, when a demonstration of DDT was featured. Its first live telecast was a VEISHEA event on the campus.

In 1953, college courses for credit debuted; offerings over the first three years ranged from Humanities 111 to Education 555, with as many as 58 students completing each course. Non-credit courses on topics such as European history, chemistry, and agricultural extension were also telecast. In 1960, WOI-TV began airing freshman math courses. The next year, it assumed a new off-air role as the hub of closed-circuit television instruction at Iowa State University for classes such as mathematics and veterinary anatomy.

For younger audiences, in 1952, WOI-TV and the Iowa Joint Committee on Educational Television debuted Iowa TV Schooltime, a daily half-hour of educational programming for elementary school students. Schooltime was distributed by kinescope to other stations beginning in 1956. WOI also offered children a non-educational show, The House with the Magic Window, which debuted in 1951 and beginning in 1954 was hosted by Betty Lou Varnum. The Magic Window—which featured cartoons, short films, and crafts—moved from a weekday midday slot, surrounded by soap operas, to weekends in 1985.

WOI-TV's existence as a commercial broadcaster owned by a state agency caused a long-running feud with the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). The federal government ruled in 1953 that its income was subject to taxation. The Board of Regents contested this maneuver for years, though in the late 1960s it reached an out-of-court settlement by which WOI-TV paid income taxes through 1965 and filed annual tax returns, without paying, for subsequent years. In 1974, the United States Court of Claims found that WOI-TV's income was taxable as an "unrelated business" from which ISU could not deduct expenses of the WOI radio stations.

The role of WOI-TV in educational broadcasting progressively diminished. KDPS-TV (channel 11), an educational TV station owned by Des Moines Public Schools, went into service in April 1959. The 1967 Iowa General Assembly created a statewide educational TV network; two years later, KDPS-TV was purchased and renamed KDIN-TV to serve as the key station of the Iowa Educational Broadcasting Services network. In 1975, an Iowa state representative introduced a bill proposing that WOI-TV be sold and the educational network move from Des Moines to Ames.

New facilities, same problems
WOI radio and television were scattered across several facilities by the early 1960s, with the art department behind Blackshear Hall, the radio stations still in the Service Building, and WOI-TV still in Exhibit Hall. In 1960, the regents approved a contract for architectural plans for a new Communications Building to house the entire WOI operation. The structure, financed without state funds and paid for by WOI-TV profits, opened in 1964. In addition to offering 25 percent more floor space than WOI had in its separate facilities, the TV station moved from one small studio to two larger ones. In 1968, the Board of Regents rescinded the ban on beer advertising.

The station generated losses for tax purposes as a result of the university's adoption of unusual accounting methods—particularly the lack of normal depreciation of assets—and sharing of expenses with WOI radio. When ISU began planning for a new WOI-TV tower—to be shared with WHO-TV and KDIN-TV—in 1971, it planned to pay for the tower out of its endowment. A 1973 audit of the station, the first conducted by the state, criticized a "lack of internal control ... and deficiencies", to which general manager Robert Mulhall responded by highlighting the incompatibility of accounting principles common to the television industry with those typically used for government agencies.

Another issue endemic to WOI-TV's operation—and with a negative impact on its revenue—was that its advertising sales operation was deliberately stunted. In 1971, the station still had no local sales representatives and captured between 12 and 14 percent of the local advertising market—leaving the remainder to the other two local stations. By 1983, while it still employed no sales representatives, a national company sold local and regional advertising under contract for the station with two employees in Des Moines. In comparison, WHO-TV had six full-time sales representatives. This arrangement was adopted to mollify private competition and those who felt a state agency should not compete with private enterprise. This caused revenue to lag. KCCI had revenue of $7 million in 1981; WOI-TV only garnered $4 million in that year.

These issues were exacerbated by the poor audience acceptance of WOI-TV's local news and public affairs programming. Even though ABC network shows drew an audience, that audience often departed in droves for WHO or KCCI. WOI-TV operations coordinator Robert Helmers noted, "There's one loud click out there at 10 o'clock, and they're not landing on channel 5." The 10 p.m. newscast averaged a share of between 8 and 13 percent of the audience; the 6 p.m. news had been moved to 5 p.m. to avoid competition; and the noon newscast was dropped. Researchers found that high turnover in on-air personnel—possibly bolstered by a national pension plan that gave lump-sum payments to employees who quit before their fifth year—and the perception of WOI-TV as an Ames station in the larger Des Moines metro area were factors in the poor ratings. Its benefits to the university were sometimes nebulous. KOMU-TV in Columbia, Missouri—the only comparable station to WOI-TV—was much more extensively tied in with its journalism school as a teaching tool than WOI-TV, where the news staff was independent and station staff controlled the hiring of part-time students.

Privatization
Calls for the sale of WOI-TV from public officials and other broadcasters had been a constant in station history, including in 1955, 1975, 1983, and 1985. However, as conversations about the size of Iowa state government rose to the fore, WOI-TV came up more frequently. Des Moines stockbroker David Hinton, suggesting a Margaret Thatcher–esque privatization push in Iowa, stated, "There are two clear-cut things that, from a philosophical standpoint, no good conservative Republican can have this state be into—and that's WOI-TV and the liquor business" (referring to Iowa's state-run liquor store monopoly). In December 1985, Governor Terry Branstad announced he would ask the legislature to sell WOI-TV as part of sweeping privatization and consolidation efforts in state government. ISU president W. Robert Parks declared that such a sale would be a "huge and irreparable" mistake, representing the irretrievable loss of a university resource. Democratic lawmakers opted to shift the burden for determining WOI-TV's future to the Republican-controlled Iowa Board of Regents. The station was still posting a loss, primarily due to a downturn in advertising revenue and a change in national representation, as well as the accounting of some $1 million in cash and services the station provided to ISU. Leaders defended Iowa State as a well-regarded center for training television journalists. As the controversy continued, Iowa State got a new president: Gordon Eaton, who stated it would be his decision whether to sell the station or not.

In February 1986, the Board of Regents approved the creation of an executive committee to make recommendations on WOI-TV and appraise its value. They recommended that ISU continue to own the station but convert it into a separate entity with a strong profit motive, overseen by a separate governing board of directors. If the station could not turn around its finances in a three-year period, it recommended, WOI-TV should be sold. The plan was approved in March 1987. Under the plan, ISU set up the Iowa State University Equities Corporation, a non-profit company held by university administrators. This entity wholly owned the Iowa State University Broadcasting Corporation, whose board of directors included ISU officials, private-sector individuals, and the general manager of WOI.

Following the change, WOI-TV became more aggressive in many areas of programming, promotion, and business operations under new general manager Bob Helmers. Most notable over the period was the shifting of some operations from Ames to Des Moines. In the second half of 1987, the Des Moines office added seven more employees, all in sales and support staff. In August 1989, it rolled out a $250,000 rebrand from "5TV" to "Channel 5" alongside the debut of morning and midday newscasts, a new set, and the hiring of six new full-time news staff. The news assignment desk moved from Ames to Des Moines, even though the newscasts were still presented from Ames.

It established a satellite division which provided satellite uplink services for news and business clients, as well as the Cyclone Television Network, the official broadcaster of Iowa State Cyclones athletics and regional distributor of the fishing show Outdoor Sportsman. In 1988, the Board of Regents received a report stating that WOI-TV was ahead of schedule in operating on an aggressive commercial basis. In spite of the improved news product and increased cash flow, the station fell short of its goal to provide $1 million in cash a year to ISU, generating $400,000 in budget year 1988 and $500,000 in budget year 1989.

Sale process
In July 1991, Governor Branstad convened a 22-member committee to analyze further budget-trimming measures. Though he ruled out action on WOI-TV, speculation began to bubble about a new sale attempt. In spite of a down market for television station valuations—said to be at lows not seen since the early 1980s —the idea of investing sale proceeds in new technology was floated, and ISU had a new president, Martin C. Jischke. By this time, a sale of WOI-TV had come to rank among the "sacred cows of Statehouse politics" in Iowa.

Jischke asked the Iowa Board of Regents on September 16, 1991, for permission to begin talking with brokers who would take bids for WOI-TV. He declared, "I believe the ownership of a commercial television station is not essential to the mission of our university." A consultant's report found that another $2 million in investment to move the station from Ames to Des Moines was required to make the station more competitive. The board unanimously allowed ISU to seek buyers on September 26. Unlike in 1955, when the Iowa Broadcasters Association called for WOI-TV to be sold, this time the broadcasters opposed the sale, noting that WOI had prepared broadcasters for careers in Iowa.

In February 1992, the Iowa Television Group—a partnership of Des Moines lawyer David W. Belin and Gary Gerlach, publisher of the Ames Daily Tribune and former publisher of The Des Moines Register—was announced as the winning bidder of seven proposals for $12.5 million. One of their business associates, Michael Gartner, refused to join the group because he was the president of NBC News and WOI-TV was an ABC affiliate. From the announcement, the deal was controversial. Belin had as a client Marvin Pomerantz, the president of the Board of Regents.

Days after the sale was announced, regents changed their mind, unsure of the financial viability of the Iowa Television Group deal. Consultants found that the broker hired for ISU might have compromised the process by suggesting the station could go for less than $13.6 million and that the university should have simultaneously negotiated with the two highest bidders. Iowa Television Group complained that a second bidder, Citadel Communications, had improved its offer after an agreed deadline. Neil E. Harl, a professor of agriculture and economics at ISU, objected that the deal was not in the public interest, calling it "risky", dangerous to ISU academic and extension programs such as the journalism program and university's satellite uplink, and overly favorable to the buyers.

In March, the Board of Regents reopened negotiations with the top six bidders, led by Iowa Television Group and Citadel. Iowa Television Group did not participate in the second round of bidding, and Citadel presented what was reported as the high offer of $14 million in April. Other offers were received from Benedek Broadcasting, Federal Broadcasting, and River City Broadcasting, as well as a $200 offer from ISU's student-run cable station. The offer was set to be discussed by the regents at their May meeting. On May 11, Jischke said the station should not be sold, this time because the bids from Benedek and Citadel were financed by junk bonds that he believed put ISU at risk. Citadel increased its bid to $14 million, all cash, and let ISU keep $1.3 million in accounts receivable.

Over Jischke's new recommendation, the regents voted 6–3 to approve the new Citadel offer on May 20, 1992, a decision that stunned station supporters in Ames. Days of whiplash followed. The Iowa Legislature, amid a special session on the budget, swiftly moved to block the sale. The House voted 53–33 and the Senate 33–41 to block the sale, but Governor Branstad objected to the legislation, which he believed interfered with the business of the Iowa Board of Regents, and vetoed it on June 3.

As regents approved the purchase agreement with Citadel subsidiary Capital Communications Company, Harl led a group, Iowans for WOI-TV, which challenged the sale in court. A Boone County district judge heard testimony that the sale was already causing "irreparable harm" to ISU's broadcast journalism program, with some students believing the station sale was already final, and to WOI-TV, where employee resignations were ticking up. ISU argued that any action to block the sale might cause Citadel to back out altogether. The regents approved the contract in late September, but a month later, the judge overruled the sale. Ronald Schechtman found that the regents were careless in following their own rules and treated the transaction "like Captain Ahab's whale".

The Iowa Board of Regents moved to appeal the district judge's ruling. On November 24, 1993, the Iowa Supreme Court unanimously ruled in favor of the transaction. In his ruling for the court, justice James H. Carter called the sale "the type of long-term educational planning decision that the board was empowered to make". The news stunned staff, who also were relieved to have some certainty over the station's future. The board approved a post-closing agreement with Citadel in February 1994, and though there was a last-ditch loophole in the deal allowing the Iowa Legislature one last shot at blocking it, it failed to muster enough votes.

Citadel era
Citadel took control of WOI-TV on February 28, 1994. It did not assume the employment contracts of the station's workers with ISU; it opted not to rehire 20 employees. Among them was Betty Lou Varnum; The Magic Window was canceled, ending its run after nearly 43 years on the air. Another casualty of the purchase was the "CityCast" segment seen by Ames-area cable viewers during the 10 p.m. newscast. Citadel's dramatic first-day action was expected by some, especially those who had lived through the company's 1985 acquisition of KCAU-TV, in which 22 employees were fired immediately, and knew Citadel as a lean operator there and at WHBF-TV in Rock Island, Illinois. Final legal action over the transfer stretched into 1995, as Iowans for WOI-TV challenged the overlap of WOI-TV and KCAU-TV, but one last appeals court decision that February put an end to the battle.

With the station in private ownership for the first time in its 44-year history, Citadel faced the challenge of revitalizing a station that had been a consistent doormat in central Iowa TV news. WOI had never had more than a 15-percent share of the audience for local news and sat at 7 percent in the May 1994 Nielsen sweeps; in comparison, KCCI and WHO-TV were vying for the lead with shares of 40 and 38 percent. Viewers saw WOI-TV as an Ames-focused station and a workshop for university students, both of which hurt its image. Its coverage of the Great Flood of 1993 was particularly panned in hindsight as poor, even though WOI's Ames location should have meant at the time that flooding impacted the station less than its rivals. Citadel worked quickly to fix these issues. In June 1994, it leased a facility in Des Moines at 300 E. Locust Street, which was far larger than its previous office and offered room for a studio in addition to many of WOI's business offices. In November, the news department was split: the evening newscasts moved to Des Moines, but morning and midday newscasts as well as weather forecasts continued to originate from Ames, where WOI-TV had a four-year lease on the Communications Building but began relinquishing space. The station hoped to make the continued connection with Ames a competitive advantage to distinguish it from its competitors. WOI provided a natural fit for Citadel's other stations serving parts of Iowa—KCAU-TV and WHBF-TV in the two-state Quad Cities market—which, along with the independently owned KCRG-TV in Cedar Rapids, formed a statewide news network.

The Locust facility was not large enough to move master control from Ames to Des Moines, and Citadel could not find a site in the city that met its needs. In 1997, WOI-TV selected a former US West office in West Des Moines, with nearly 23000 ft2 of space. The new facilities offered two studios instead of one and removed technological complexity from the operation, but the station's news ratings continued to be a very distant third behind KCCI and WHO, whose news shares were among the highest in the nation. The newscasts, which relied on one-person photojournalist-reporters and straightforward presentation, were different from the market. On-air personalities received lower salaries than at KCCI or WHO. Mark Baden, a former meteorologist, noted that the station lacked the sort of community and advertising presence that its competitors had cultivated. Among the bright spots was the station's high school sports coverage, considered the most comprehensive in the market.

It took years for WOI-TV to shed past perceptions. In 2002, operations director Randy Shelton opined that a call sign change in 1994 might have helped people think the station was no longer connected to the university. Al Sandubrae, who oversaw news across the four-station Citadel portfolio, admitted that in spite of changes and improvements in the area of news, "[W]e are swimming upstream against the tide of history." That October, WOI began broadcasting a digital signal, WOI-DT on channel 59. Though the introduction of a second early evening newscast at 6 p.m. was contemplated as early as 2002, it did not take place until 2005. It was the first time the station had aired news at 6 until 1997 and the first time it had 5 and 6 p.m. broadcasts at the same time. Citadel made another major relaunch attempt in 2006: the station rebranded as "ABC 5".

WOI-TV shut down its analog signal, over VHF channel 5, on June 12, 2009, the official date on which full-power television stations in the United States transitioned from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate. The station's digital signal relocated from its pre-transition UHF channel 59, which was among the high band UHF channels (52-69) that were removed from broadcasting use as a result of the transition, to its analog-era VHF channel 5.

Nexstar ownership
On September 16, 2013, Citadel announced that it would sell WOI-DT, along with KCAU-TV and WHBF-TV, to Nexstar Broadcasting Group for $88 million. Nexstar immediately took over the stations' operations through a time brokerage agreement. The deal followed Citadel founder and CEO Phil Lombardo's decision to "slow down" as well as a desire by Lynch Entertainment to divest its investments in WOI and WHBF. The sale was completed on March 13, 2014. Nexstar soon grew its holdings in Des Moines by announcing the purchase of CW affiliate KCWI from the liquidating trust of Pappas Telecasting for $3.5 million, a deal announced that November and finalized in March 2016. WOI re-launched on January 5, 2015, as Local 5 with newscasts titled Local 5 News and a revamped morning newscast, Good Morning Iowa. The rebrand accompanied renewed investment by Nexstar, which added eight newsroom positions to the budget and updated WOI's set and equipment.

Sale to Tegna Inc.
Nexstar agreed to acquire Tribune Media—owner of WHO-DT—for $6.4 billion in cash and debt. Nexstar could not keep both of WOI and WHO; it opted to retain WHO and sold WOI and KCWI to Tegna Inc. as part of an 11-station, $740-million divestiture package.

Notable former on-air staff

 * Vince DeMentri – anchor, 1989
 * Chris Flanagan – anchor, 2004–2009
 * Tom Pettit
 * Steve Bell – anchor, 1959–1961

Subchannels
The station's signal is multiplexed:

There is no subchannel 5.5 from the WOI-DT transmitter. Since February 2020, it is broadcast from KCWI-TV as a simulcast of 5.1 to aid viewers with trouble tuning in the low-VHF signal.

title: WOI-DT


text:
Liber Usualis

The Liber Usualis (Usual book) is a book of commonly used Gregorian chants in the Catholic tradition, compiled by the monks of the Abbey of Solesmes in France. According to Willi Apel, the chants in the Liber Usualis originated in the 11th century.

This 1,900-page book contains most versions of the ordinary chants for the Mass (Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, and Agnus Dei), as well as the common chants for the Divine Office (daily prayers of the Church) and for every commonly celebrated feast of the Church year—including more than two hundred pages for Holy Week alone—as practiced prior to the 1969 liturgical reforms of Pope Paul VI. The "usual book" or "common book" also contains chants for specific rituals, such as nuptial Masses, Requiem Masses and the Office of the Dead, ordinations, and Benediction. This modal, monophonic Latin music has been sung in the Catholic Church since at least the sixth century to the present day. An extensive introduction explains how to read and interpret the medieval musical notation (square notation of neums or neumes). A complete index makes it easy to find specific pieces.

The Liber was first edited in 1896 by Solesmes Abbot Dom André Mocquereau (1849–1930). Its use has decreased since the Second Vatican Ecumenical Council (opened by Pope John XXIII in 1962), where the constitution on the liturgy (Sacrosanctum Concilium), allowed the vernacular to be used in Church rites, even though the same council mandated that Gregorian chant should retain "pride of place" in the liturgy (Sacrosanctum Concilium, 116).

Bibliography and external links

 * Solesmes Abbey
 * Liber Usualis (1924, Modern notation with a five line staff, publisher number 780c) in PDF format
 * Liber Usualis (1961, Solesmes notation with a four line staff) in PDF format (115 MB)
 * Bergeron, Katherine. Decadent enchantments: the revival of Gregorian chant at Solesmes. Berkeley: University of California Press, c1998. ISBN 0-520-21008-5.
 * Nova Organi Harmonia (a nearly complete organ accompaniment to the Liber Usualis)

title: Liber Usualis


text:
National rail network

In United States railroading, the term national rail network, sometimes termed "U.S. rail network", refers to the entire network of interconnected standard gauge rail lines in North America. It does not include most subway or light rail lines. Federal Railroad Administration regulations require passenger cars used on the national rail network to be heavy and strong enough to protect riders in case of collision with freight trains.

title: National rail network


text: User talk:24.233.84.42

title: User talk:24.233.84.42


text:
User:Patken4

Patken4

title: User:Patken4


text:
David Steeves

David Steeves (1934 – October 16, 1965) was a U.S. Air Force first lieutenant and, after leaving the Air Force, worked briefly as an airline pilot before establishing a small aviation firm in Fresno, California. He is best known for an incident in 1957 when he ejected from his T-33 jet trainer over California's Kings Canyon National Park. Presumed dead by the Air Force, Steeves nevertheless wandered out of the wilderness after 54 days. He became a national hero until the news media raised doubts about his story.

Lieutenant Steeves had been ordered to fly his jet on a training flight from Hamilton Air Force Base near San Francisco, California to Craig Air Force Base near Selma, Alabama on May 9, 1957. Something went wrong with the jet and Steeves was forced to eject and parachute out, landing in Dusy Basin, Kings Canyon National Park, near the 12,000 ft. level. Badly injuring both ankles, for 15 days he crawled nearly 20 miles over impassable mountains without food in freezing weather down the Middle Fork of the Kings River. He found a ranger's cabin at Simpson Meadow that had fish hooks, beans and a canned ham. Meanwhile the military declared him dead, having been unable to find any trace of the plane or Steeves. 52 days after the accident, Steeves was found by a group of campers on horse back near Granite Basin and brought out of the mountains.

The wreckage of Steeves' jet was never found, and during elevated Cold War tensions, there was said to be speculation among uninformed observers that Steeves had sold his jet to Russia or shipped it piecemeal to Mexico. This speculation was not entertained by serious observers, however, given that Steeves' T-33 was a low-tech training jet that the Russians would not have wanted. Even so, the Air Force's accident report mentioned, as one of three probable causes for the jet crash, that Steeves had carried out a hoax; however, the accident report did not offer any explanation as to what the hoax might have involved. Even though no charges were brought against Steeves, he requested discharge from the Air Force, which was granted.

Steeves moved to Fresno, west of where he ejected, and established an aviation firm that flew skydivers and modified light airplanes. In the following years, he took hiking trips to Kings Canyon and flew over the area in a search for the wreckage of his jet. In October 1965, Steeves was killed at the Boise, Idaho airport in the crash of a Stinson airplane that he had modified.

In the summer of 1977 some Boy Scouts from Los Angeles on a hiking trip in Dusy Basin in Kings Canyon National Park came across an aircraft canopy. In October the following year it was announced the serial number on it matched the missing T-33A jet that Steeves had piloted.

As of June, 2014, no more wreckage has been found.

title: David Steeves


text:
Talk:Darlinghurst

Requested move
This page needs to be moved as per the naming convention set out at Wikipedia:Naming conventions (places) – Ianblair23 01:17, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

This article has been renamed after the result of a move request. By Ambi apparently. Dragons flight 08:09, September 4, 2005 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110806193110/http://www.nd.edu.au/sydney/schools/medicine/index.shtml to http://www.nd.edu.au/sydney/schools/medicine/index.shtml

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title: Talk:Darlinghurst


text:
File talk:Reclamation at Tai O.jpg

Where was this picture taken, and which reclamation project is this? :-) — Instantnood 01:17, August 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * October 2004, and I have no idea. Take the bus there, walk straight to the water, look left a little - whatever is there now.SchmuckyTheCat 16:30, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Coz I'm thinking that's the recent works to construct a buoying area for fishing boats.., rather than reclamation.. :-| — Instantnood 07:58, August 29, 2005 (UTC)

title: File talk:Reclamation at Tai O.jpg


text: User talk:70.22.50.158

title: User talk:70.22.50.158


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User talk:Enay

I love you, you know that Zephyrprince 01:18, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

Its still true Zephyrprince 03:30, 26 October 2005 (UTC)

Even now Zephyrprince (talk) 04:28, 17 June 2008 (UTC)

April 2007
Welcome to Wikipedia. We invite everyone to contribute constructively to our encyclopedia. One or more of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Fred Phelps, have been considered unhelpful or unconstructive and have been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. Thank you. Grika Ⓣ 16:24, 19 April 2007 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Stephen Rolfe Powell

A tag has been placed on Stephen Rolfe Powell requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A7 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be about a person or group of people, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is important or significant: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, such articles may be deleted at any time. Please read more about what is generally accepted as notable.

If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Click here to contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be removed without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If the page is deleted, and you wish to retrieve the deleted material for future reference or improvement, you can place a request here. Alexf(talk) 12:05, 10 March 2014 (UTC)

title: User talk:Enay


text:
Golconda

Golconda is a fortified citadel and ruined city located in the western outskirts of Hyderabad, Telangana, India. The fort was originally built by Kakatiya ruler Pratāparudra in the 11th century out of mud walls. It was ceded to the Bahmani Kings from Musunuri Nayakas during the reign of the Bahmani Sultan Mohammed Shah I, during the first Bahmani-Vijayanagar War. Following the death of Sultan Mahmood Shah, the Sultanate disintegrated and Sultan Quli, who had been appointed as the Governor of Hyderabad by the Bahmani Kings, fortified city and made it the capital of the Golconda Sultanate. Because of the vicinity of diamond mines, especially Kollur Mine, Golconda flourished as a trade centre of large diamonds known as Golconda Diamonds. Golconda fort is currently abandoned and in ruins. The complex was put by UNESCO on its "tentative list" to become a World Heritage Site in 2014, with others in the region, under the name Monuments and Forts of the Deccan Sultanate (despite there being a number of different sultanates).

History

The origins of the Golconda fort can be traced back to the 11th century. It was originally a small mud fort built by Pratāparudra of the Kakatiya Empire. The name Golconda is thought to originate from Telugu for "Cowherd's hill" (గొల్ల కొండ, romanized: Gullakōnḍa ). It is also thought that Kakatiya ruler Ganapatideva 1199–1262 built a stone hilltop outpost — later known as Golconda fort — to defend their western region. The fort was later developed into a fortified citadel in 1518 by Sultan Quli of the Qutb Shahi Empire and the city was declared the capital of the Golconda Sultanate.

The Bahmani kings took possession of the fort after it was made over to them by means of a sanad by the Rajah of Warangal. Under the Bahmani Sultanate, Golconda slowly rose to prominence. Sultan Quli Qutb-ul-Mulk (r. 1487–1543), sent by the Bahmanids as a governor at Golconda, established the city as the seat of his governance around 1501. Bahmani rule gradually weakened during this period, and Sultan Quli (Quli Qutub Shah period) formally became independent in 1518, establishing the Qutb Shahi dynasty based in Golconda. Over a period of 62 years, the mud fort was expanded by the first three Qutb Shahi sultans into the present structure: a massive fortification of granite extending around 5 km in circumference. It remained the capital of the Qutb Shahi dynasty until 1590 when the capital was shifted to Hyderabad. The Qutb Shahis expanded the fort, whose 7 km outer wall enclosed the city.

During the early seventeenth century a strong cotton-weaving industry existed in Golconda. Large quantities of cotton were produced for domestic and exports consumption. High quality plain or patterned cloth made of muslin and calico was produced. Plain cloth was available as white or brown colour, in bleached or dyed variety. Exports of this cloth was to Persia and European countries. Patterned cloth was made of prints which were made indigenously with indigo for blue, chay-root for red coloured prints and vegetable yellow. Patterned cloth exports were mainly to Java, Sumatra and other eastern countries. The fort finally fell into ruin in 1687 after an eight-month-long siege led to its fall at the hands of the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb, who ended the Qutb Shahi reign and took the last Golconda king, Abul Hassan Tana Shah, captive.

Diamonds
The Golconda fort used to have a vault where the famous Koh-i-Noor and Hope diamonds were once stored along with other diamonds.

Golconda is renowned for the diamonds found on the south-east at Kollur Mine near Kollur, Guntur district, Paritala and Atkur in Krishna district and cut in the city during the Kakatiya reign. At that time, India had the only known diamond mines in the world. Golconda was the market city of the diamond trade, and gems sold there came from a number of mines. The fortress-city within the walls was famous for diamond trade.

Its name has taken a generic meaning and has come to be associated with great wealth. Some gemologists use this classification to denote the extremely rare Type IIa diamond, a crystal that essentially lacks nitrogen impurities and is therefore colorless; Many Type IIa diamonds, as identified by the Gemological Institute of America (GIA), have come from the mines in and around the Golconda region.

Many famed diamonds are believed to have been excavated from the mines of Golconda, such as:

 * Daria-i-Noor
 * Noor-ul-Ain
 * Koh-i-Noor
 * Hope Diamond
 * Princie Diamond
 * Regent Diamond
 * Wittelsbach-Graff Diamond

By the 1880s, "Golconda" was being used generically by English speakers to refer to any particularly rich mine, and later to any source of great wealth.

During the Renaissance and the early modern eras, the name "Golconda" acquired a legendary aura and became synonymous for vast wealth. The mines brought riches to the Qutb Shahis of Hyderabad State, who ruled Golconda up to 1687, then to the Nizam of Hyderabad, who ruled after the independence from the Mughal Empire in 1724 until 1948, when the Indian integration of Hyderabad occurred. The siege of Golconda occurred in January 1687, when Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb led his forces to besiege the Qutb Shahi dynasty at Golconda fort (also known as the Diamond Capitol of its time) and was home to the Kollur Mine. The ruler of Golconda was the well entrenched Abul Hasan Qutb Shah.

The Golconda's Architecture

Golconda fort is listed as an archaeological treasure on the official "List of Monuments" prepared by the Archaeological Survey of India under The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act. Golconda consists of four distinct forts with a 10 km long outer wall with 87 semicircular bastions (some still mounted with cannons), eight gateways, and four drawbridges, with a number of royal apartments and halls, temples, mosques, magazines, stables, etc. inside. The lowest of these is the outermost enclosure entered by the "Fateh Darwaza" (Victory gate, so called after Aurangzeb’s triumphant army marched in through this gate) studded with giant iron spikes (to prevent elephants from battering them down) near the south-eastern corner. An acoustic effect can be experienced at Fateh Darwazaan, a hand clap at a certain point below the dome at the entrance reverberates and can be heard clearly at the 'Bala Hisar' pavilion, the highest point almost a kilometer away. This worked as a warning in case of an attack.

Bala Hissar Gate is the main entrance to the fort located on the eastern side. It has a pointed arch bordered by rows of scroll work. The spandrels have yalis and decorated roundels. The area above the door has peacocks with ornate tails flanking an ornamental arched niche. The granite block lintel below has sculpted yalis flanking a disc. The design of peacocks and lions is typical of Hindu architecture and underlies this fort's Hindu origins.

Jagadamba temple, located next to Ibrahim mosque and the king's palace, is visited by lakhs of devotees during Bonalu festival every year. Jagadamba temple is about 900 to 1,000 years old, dating back to early Kakatiya period. A Mahankali temple is located in the vicinity, within Golconda fort.

The fort also contains the tombs of the Qutub Shahi kings. These tombs have Islamic architecture and are located about 1 km north of the outer wall of Golconda. They are encircled by gardens and numerous carved stones.

The two individual pavilions on the outer side of Golconda are built on a point which is quite rocky. The "Kala Mandir" is also located in the fort. It can be seen from the king's durbar (king's court) which was on top of the Golconda fort.

The other buildings found inside the fort are: Habshi Kamans (Abyssian arches), Ashlah Khana, Taramati mosque, Ramadas Bandikhana, Camel stable, private chambers (kilwat), Mortuary bath, Nagina bagh, Ramasasa's kotha, Durbar hall, Ambar khana etc.

Golconda ruling dynasties

 * Kakatiya dynasty
 * Musunuri Nayakas
 * Bahmani Sultans
 * Qutb Shahi dynasty
 * Mughal Empire
 * Asaf Jahi dynasty

Naya Qila (New Fort)
Naya Qila is an extension of Golconda fort which was turned into the Hyderabad Golf Club despite resistance from farmers who owned the land and various NGOs within the city. The ramparts of the new fort start after the residential area with many towers and the Hatiyan ka Jhad ("Elephant-sized tree")—an ancient baobab tree with an enormous girth. It also includes a war mosque. These sites are under restrictive access to the public because of the Golf Course.

Qutub Shahi tombs

The tombs of the Qutub Shahi sultans lie about one kilometre north of Golconda's outer wall. These structures are made of beautifully carved stonework, and surrounded by landscaped gardens. They are open to the public and receive many visitors. It is one of the famous sight-seeing places in Hyderabad.

Golconda Artillery Centre, Indian Army
Golconda Artillery Centre, Hyderabad, was raised on 15 August 1962 as the Second Recruit Training Centre for the Regiment of Artillery. Golconda Artillery Centre is located in and around the Golconda fort. The Golconda centre has three training regiments and presently trains 2900 recruits at a time.

UNESCO World Heritage
The Golconda fort and other Qutb Shahi dynasty Monuments of Hyderabad (the Charminar, and the Qutb Shahi Tombs) were submitted by the Permanent Delegation of India to UNESCO in 2010 for consideration as World Heritage Sites. They are currently included on India's "tentative list".

In popular culture

 * Aline, reine de Golconde (1760), story by Stanislas de Boufflers
 * Aline, reine de Golconde (1766), opera by Pierre-Alexandre Monsigny
 * Aline, reine de Golconde (1803), opera by Henri-Montan Berton
 * Aline, reine de Golconde (1804), opera by François-Adrien Boieldieu
 * Alina, regina di Golconda (1828), opera by Gaetano Donizetti
 * Drottningen av Golconda (The Queen of Golconda, 1863), Swedish-language opera by Franz Berwald
 * Russell Conwell's book Acres of Diamonds tells a story of the discovery of the Golconda mines.
 * René Magritte's painting Golconda was named after the city.
 * John Keats' early poem "On receiving a curious Shell" opens with the lines: "Hast thou from the caves of Golconda, a gem / pure as the ice-drop that froze on the mountain?"
 * Golconda is referenced in the classical Russian ballet, La Bayadère (1877).
 * Anthony Doerr's Pulitzer Prize–winning novel All the Light We Cannot See references the Golconda mines as the discovery place of the "Sea of Flames" diamond
 * In Patrick O'Brian's novel The Surgeon's Mate, a character describes a particularly valuable diamond as being worth "half Golconda".
 * The term 'Golconda' is used in White Wolf's Vampire: the Masquerade table-top role-playing game to refer to a mystical state of enlightenment. Pursuit of Golconda is usually the ultimate aim of a campaign, although what this might entail is largely left to the storyteller's discretion.

Places named after Golconda

 * A city in Illinois, United States is named after Golconda.
 * A city in Nevada, United States is named after Golconda.
 * A village located in the southern part of Trinidad had given the name in the 19th century to a rich tract of land which was once a sugar-cane estate. Currently, mostly descendants of East Indian indentured servants occupy the village of Golconda.

title: Golconda


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Tommy DeVito (musician)

Gaetano "Tommy" DeVito (June 19, 1928 – September 21, 2020) was an American musician. He was best known as a founding member, vocalist, and lead guitarist of rock band the Four Seasons.

Early years
DeVito was born in Belleville, New Jersey, the youngest of nine children in an Italian-American family. At eight years old, he taught himself to play his brother's guitar by listening to country music on the radio. By the time he was 12, he was playing for tips in neighborhood taverns. He quit school after the eighth grade. (Belleville High made him an honorary graduate in 2007.) By 16, he had his own R&B band and was making $20 or $25 a night.

Career
DeVito's musical career began in the early 1950s when he formed "the Variety Trio" with his brother Nick DeVito and Hank Majewski. This core group performed under various names and changing lineups. The band expanded to a quartet and changed its name to "the Variatones" including the addition in 1954 of singer Francis Castelluccio (later known as Frankie Valli). When they were signed to a recording contract with RCA Victor, in 1956, the quartet of DeVito/DeVito/Hank Majewski/Valli had renamed themselves "the Four Lovers". Tommy and Frankie remained the only consistent members of the Four Lovers, as the group released seven singles and one album under the Four Lovers name. Their 1956 debut single, Otis Blackwell's "You're the Apple of My Eye", achieved enough national sales to appear as a minor hit on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart. The single landed Tommy his first national television appearance, when the Four Lovers appeared on The Ed Sullivan Show in 1956.

While his brother Nick left the group, Tommy DeVito continued his musical pursuits, reforming and realigning the group. He was close friends with Joe Pesci, who introduced DeVito and Valli to keyboardist and songwriter Bob Gaudio. By 1960 The Four Lovers consisted of DeVito, Valli, Gaudio and vocal arranger Nick Massi, and were mainly used as a backup band for producer Bob Crewe under contract. This is the lineup which adopted the name "The Four Seasons" (billed numerically as the 4 Seasons on most of their early albums), named after a bowling alley in Union, New Jersey, that had a lounge where they had auditioned. Signed by songwriter/producer Bob Crewe, the Four Seasons cut their first single under that name, "Bermuda", in November 1961. It was released by Gone Records, but did not succeed. Their next single did, in 1962 Gaudio's composition No. 1 single "Sherry". Released by Vee-Jay Records in July 1962, "Sherry" hit number one in September, the first of three consecutive chart-topping hits by the Four Seasons, the others being "Big Girls Don't Cry" and "Walk Like a Man". In 1963, DeVito and Massi co-founded Vito-Mass Productions, an independent music production business. From 1965 onward, Massi handled most of the day-to-day operations of the company while DeVito remained with the band.

DeVito left the group in April 1970 before the album Half and Half was released. He told the Las Vegas Review-Journal in 2009, "I had had it up to here with the traveling and changing clothes three times a day, and taking two planes and then driving 100 miles to do a date. Getting on stage and doing the same stuff—I just had it." Four Seasons bassist Joe Long recalled that DeVito had been adamantly against recording their most recent album, the 1969 concept album The Genuine Imitation Life Gazette. He sold Valli and Gaudio his rights to the Four Seasons' material, name, and touring act upon leaving in 1970. The reason for his departure was originally indicated as a hearing problem, but it was later revealed that he had accrued significant debt and financial trouble through gambling. DeVito was succeeded by Maryland native Demetri Callas, who would become a friend of DeVito's.

DeVito later explained that he had grown tired with the traveling demands, and in 1970 he moved to Las Vegas where several siblings lived at the time. After settling his gambling debts and affairs with an ex-wife, he had $100,000 in cash remaining from the buyout by the time he arrived in Las Vegas but squandered it all within a year of his arrival. He started a new life, and became a card dealer for a time. Times were tough for him for a while, as he discussed in a 2009 interview with Doug Elfman in the Las Vegas Review-Journal. DeVito, along with fellow original Four Seasons Valli, Massi, and Gaudio, was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1990 and the Vocal Group Hall of Fame in 1999. DeVito rejoined Valli and Gaudio (Massi had died in 2000) on stage at the 2005 Broadway opening of the documentary-style musical Jersey Boys, a Tony Award winning hit chronicling the story of the group's early days, which was later adapted to a 2014 feature film directed by Clint Eastwood.

Death
DeVito died in Las Vegas, on September 21, 2020, at the age of 92. His death was announced on Facebook by his friend, actor Alfred Nittoli, who stated that DeVito had recently been hospitalized after contracting COVID-19 amidst the COVID-19 pandemic in Nevada.

title: Tommy DeVito (musician)