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Recurrent corneal erosion

Recurrent corneal erosion is a disorder of the eyes characterized by the failure of the cornea's outermost layer of epithelial cells to attach to the underlying basement membrane (Bowman's layer). The condition is excruciatingly painful because the loss of these cells results in the exposure of sensitive corneal nerves. This condition can often leave patients with temporary blindness due to extreme light sensitivity (photophobia).

Signs and symptoms
Symptoms include recurring attacks of severe acute ocular pain, foreign-body sensation, photophobia (i.e. sensitivity to bright lights), and tearing often at the time of awakening or during sleep when the eyelids are rubbed or opened. Signs of the condition include corneal abrasion or localized roughening of the corneal epithelium, sometimes with map-like lines, epithelial dots or microcysts, or fingerprint patterns. An epithelial defect may be present, usually in the inferior interpalpebral zone.

Cause
Most cases of recurrent corneal erosion are acquired. There is often a history of recent corneal injury (corneal abrasion or ulcer), but also may be due to corneal dystrophy or corneal disease. In other words, one may develop corneal erosions as a result of another disorder, such as map-dot fingerprint dystrophy. Familial corneal erosions occur in dominantly inherited recurrent corneal erosion dystrophy (ERED) in which COL17A1 gene is mutated.

Diagnosis
The erosion may be seen by an eye doctor using the magnification of a biomicroscope or slit lamp. Usually fluorescein stain must be applied first and a cobalt blue-light used, but may not be necessary if the area of the epithelial defect is large. Optometrists and ophthalmologists have access to the slit lamp microscopes that allow for this more-thorough evaluation under the higher magnification. Mis-diagnosis of a scratched cornea is fairly common, especially in younger patients.

Prevention
Given that episodes tend to occur on awakening and managed by use of good 'wetting agents', approaches to be taken to help prevent episodes include:

 * Environmental:
 * ensuring that the air is humidified rather than dry, not overheated and without excessive airflow over the face. Also avoiding irritants such as cigarette smoke.
 * use of protective glasses especially when gardening or playing with children.

 * General personal measures:
 * maintaining general hydration levels with adequate fluid intake.
 * not sleeping-in late as the cornea tends to dry out the longer the eyelids are closed.

 * Pre-bed routine:
 * routine use of long-lasting eye ointments applied before going to bed.
 * occasional use of the anti-inflammatory eyedrop FML (prescribed by an ophthalmologist or optometrist) before going to bed if the affected eye feels inflamed, dry or gritty
 * use of a hyperosmotic (hypertonic) ointment before bed reduces the amount of water in the epithelium, strengthening its structure
 * use the pressure patch as mentioned above.
 * use surgical tape to keep the eye closed (if Nocturnal Lagophthalmos is a factor)

 * Waking options:
 * learn to wake with eyes closed and still and keeping artificial tear drops within reach so that they may be squirted under the inner corner of the eyelids if the eyes feel uncomfortable upon waking.
 * It has also been suggested that the eyelids should be rubbed gently, or pulled slowly open with your fingers, before trying to open them, or keeping the affected eye closed while "looking" left and right to help spread lubricating tears. If the patient's eyelids feel stuck to the cornea on waking and no intense pain is present, use a fingertip to press firmly on the eyelid to push the eye's natural lubricants onto the affected area.  This procedure frees the eyelid from the cornea and prevents tearing of the cornea.

Treatment
With the eye generally profusely watering, the type of tears being produced have little adhesive property. Water or saline eye drops tend therefore to be ineffective. Rather a 'better quality' of tear is required with higher 'wetting ability' (i.e. greater amount of glycoproteins) and so artificial tears (e.g. viscotears) are applied frequently.

Nocturnal Lagophthalmos (where the eyelids do not close enough to cover the eye completely during sleep) may be an exacerbating factor, in which case using surgical tape to keep the eye closed at night can help.

Whilst individual episodes may settle within a few hours or days, additional episodes (as the name suggests) will recur at intervals.

Where episodes frequently occur, or there is an underlying disorder, one medical, or three types of surgical curative procedures may be attempted: use of therapeutic contact lens, controlled puncturing of the surface layer of the eye (Anterior Stromal Puncture) and laser phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK). These all essentially try to allow the surface epithelium to reestablish with normal binding to the underlying basement membrane, the method chosen depends upon the location and size of the erosion.

Surgical
A punctal plug may be inserted into the tear duct by an optometrist or ophthalmologist, decreasing the removal of natural tears from the affected eye.

The use of contact lenses may help prevent the abrasion during blinking lifting off the surface layer and uses thin lenses that are gas permeable to minimise reduced oxygenation. However they need to be used for between 8–26 weeks and such persistent use both incurs frequent follow-up visits and may increase the risk of infections.

Alternatively, under local anaesthetic, the corneal layer may be gently removed with a fine needle, cauterised (heat or laser) or 'spot welding' attempted (again with lasers). The procedures are not guaranteed to work, and in a minority may exacerbate the problem.

Anterior Stromal Puncture with a 20-25 gauge needle is an effective and simple treatment.

An option for minimally invasive and long-term effective therapy is laser phototherapeutic keratectomy. Laser PTK involves the surgical laser treatment of the cornea to selectively ablate cells on the surface layer of the cornea. It is thought that the natural regrowth of cells in the following days are better able to attach to the basement membrane to prevent recurrence of the condition. Laser PTK has been found to be most effective after epithelial debridement for the partial ablation of Bowman's lamella, which performed prior to PTK in the surgical procedure. This is meant to smoothen out the corneal area that the laser PTK will then treat. In some cases, small-spot PTK, which only treats certain areas of the cornea may also be an acceptable alternative.

Amniotic membrane tissue corneal bandages such as Prokera have been shown to be effective in alleviating RCE. These bandages aid in ocular surface regeneration while simultaneously protecting the cornea from further irritation.

Medical
People with recalcitrant recurrent corneal erosions often show increased levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) enzymes. These enzymes dissolve the basement membrane and fibrils of the hemidesmosomes, which can lead to the separation of the epithelial layer. Treatment with oral tetracycline antibiotics (such as doxycycline or oxytetracycline) together with a topical corticosteroid (such as prednisolone), reduce MMP activity and may rapidly resolve and prevent further episodes in cases unresponsive to conventional therapies. Some have now proposed this as the first line therapy after lubricants have failed.

There is a lack of good quality evidence to guide treatment choices. A recently updated Cochrane Review concluded that "Studies included in this review have been of insufficient size and quality to provide firm evidence to inform the development of management guidelines."

title: Recurrent corneal erosion


text:
User:Nahaj

Since the nickname "Nahaj" isn't that informative, and I assume you are reading this to look up who reallly authored some article or correction...

'''*** Warning... I sometimes go months between logins ***''' = Who am I? =

My home page is much more likely to be updated and current than this page.

Name: John Halleck, Born in Europe, back in the early 1950's some time.

Sr. Systems' Programmer and Analyst for the University of Utah (Office of Information Technology)

Webmaster for the Utah Logic Group webpages. *Warning* those pages require a good "tongue in cheek" tolerance. (Besides being somewhat out of date lately)

Interests: Needlepoint, surveying, mathmatics, logics (especially modal logics), cave rescue, computer ethics instruction, SHA, Cryptography, Division free factoring, Block Given's Rotations, Orthogonalization methods, Making Arrowheads, "Primitive" rope making, Lava fields, historical "different" bicycle designs that haven't survived, Non-standard arithmetic algorithms, minimal non-blocking switch networks, and other topics in common with them.

I am the author of an open source, government validated, SHA-1 implementation. (It was the *only* open source validated SHA-1 from September 2000 until July 2005, when OpenSSL was validated) It was the third implimentation to pass the full validation suite for bit strings (out of 15 or so now), instead of just the tests for byte oriented data.

= What am I doing here? =

Tentitive Wikipedia "to do" list:   Page for Irish logician C. A. Meredith (Started stub)  Meredith's Condensed Detachment (particularly in light of both the historical significance,and the recent new work referencing it) [Google "Condensed Detachment Meredith" for a long list of current applicibility.] (Started stub) Need to update to a formal or at least coherent discription. Need to add text for why this is of any interest to begin with.  Page for Logician Hugh MacColl (C.I.Lewis credits the ideas of his early Modal Logic papers to MacColl) (started stub), which some anonymous editor has made major improvements in. Thanks anonymous. Page for H. B. Smith (Early logician, his is an example an example of a (very historical) modal logic that doesn't admit to "possible world" semantics Fix Modal logic history to reflect the context that Lewis' ideas came from.  The "Beth Salay" effect (A paradoxical result on "independent" verification in an environment of search engines). Hmm... maybe not worth it... wikipedia already has an entry for the bathtub hoax, which deals with an earlier form of the topic. (The fact that it can now get "reprinted" around the world almost immediately, and then attempts to verify it see those apparently "independent" pages, is just a change in technology.) Update: (: Beth Salay herself started a "Beth Salay Effect" page here. While it was eventually removed for reasons that include it being original research (and being more or less content free), it is humorous to me that one wikipedia editor argued there was no evidence of the hoax, and that claiming it a hoax was maligning some obscure real person that really did all those things. It is a fine hoax indeeded that is so well done that people that haven't researched it well enough leap to its defense against the charge that it is a hoax :) And I find humor in the fact that the databases that were hoaxed started removing the hoaxed entries as soon as the (later deleted) page on the hoax appeared in wikipedia. Fleshing out the Program Verificaton stub with the classic "X by repeated Y" algorithm, or maybe "addition by successive incrementation/decrementation" ??? Hum... There doesn't seem to be a stub any more ??? An example set of Balanced Ternary algorithms

fillin of information on "free piston" Stirling Cycle engines

Create section on diaphram Stirling Cycle engines

Notes and corrections on Cryptology section on implementation, testing, and validation of cryptographic algorithms

 Make templates for the shell as a programming language. The other computer languages I regularly use already have templates. The name I used ("sh") apparently refers to some human language (which, admittedly should have the stronger right to it). So at a bare minimum it will have to be called something else...

 Make a wikipedian logicians category (Looks like someone beat me to it. Thanks!)

= Categorized stuff =

Programming
Why do I only see "gnu" style option processing in only a very few languages (Usually C and perl) ? I personally ship shell scripts (sh for those that care) that have [syntaticly] type checked options, plus the standard --help, --version, etc.. Could it be that the other languages are that much harder to work in then the shell? :)

Google and Wikipedia
It is bizarre to me that anything with a long publication history in the real world, but not appearing significantly in Google, really doesn't appear here either. I look at the discussions of whether pages should be deleted, and they are full of "I google'd this or I google'd that." But they don't have "I checked a reference book", or "I checked the library", or even "I looked through a book on the topic.".

I've seen cases of bogus items being intentionally put onto web pages, crafted in a manner that they are intended to be stolen, that now return LONG lists in Google that appear to verify them. (Many apparently independent sites, in many different countries, and in many languages!) [The network equivalent of the bathtub hoax.] While items of significant historical interest [particularly in the development of technologies], aren't generally written about by current workers [who, understandably, write about their cutting edge work instead].

It is also amusing to me to see how many pages on "obscure" regions and/or history are obviously written by someone with an ax to grind on some local issue. (Which I'm only aware of because I've dealt with students on both sides.) Since the other side is not well represented on the web, it being one half of a debate is invisible to folk Googling the topic. (Since the first side with a significant web presence will be the "majority" view from a Google search, the other side can safely be accused of being a fringe group, even if the local opinion is split 50/50.)

I wonder what the implications are for future historical analysis?

Update: Hmm...  I just witnessed a long debate of "I googeled this", "I goodeled that", etc. without a single person checking a reference book on the topic. (Although, in my opinion, the debate would have been completely settled by just looking it up in a standard text.) I wonder how common those are.

Templates
I consider myself an advanced writer of shell scripts, but there does not seem to be a template for it that I can find. I had guessed it would eventually be called "sh". But, lo, that became the tag for some specific human language. I guessed wrong, I lose. Not a problem.
 * HOWEVER, if you look at the history of my page, wikipedia uses the new template (which didn't even exist at the times the history claims to be covering) making them look as if I had a certain language tag at the time, although anyone that saw my page at the time would not have seen any such tag. In my personal opinion, this is a programming bug...

I also note that templates are generally marking existance of an attribute, but not the non-existance of an attribute. (I.E. I don't see templates that would say, for example, "This user is certifiedably not a Bavarian Separatist", although one that said "This user is a Bavarian Separatist" might appear someday if the right political fights were around.)

Logic
I maintain an index of Modal Logics that tries to at least document the current mess of names of Modal Logic Systems, and a few of the popular ones. I think the current mess on the names of the Modal Logic Axioms is generally so bad that no order can really be made from it.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Nahaj


text:
Talk:Message in a bottle

Promotional
Let's not forget the promotional side of messages in bottles. http://www.tortugarumcakes.com/site/press_article.cfm?id=message_in_bottle

I'm not sure how to place it in the article but I'm sure someone could do some research and get the pertinent info in the article. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.95.11.190 (talk) 07:23, 5 February 2008 (UTC)

Personal Experience
Growing up on the coast of Brittany in France, I found in July 1984 a bottle on the beach with a message inside. It was in English, I was only 7 years old and my parents didn't know English, so we asked some British tourists to help us understand. The message came from a small place in Ireland (county Sligo). It had been thrown to sea a little over 18 months sooner. A 9 year old kid wrote it. It said something like "if you find this message, please let me know by sending me a postcard! My name is Cian, I am 10 year old Irish boy from Sligo. Thank you very much. Greetings from Eire". Imagine that! Such an adventure for me! It made my summer vacation. The local newspaper even interviewed me. I sent the kid a postcard, and we remained penpals for quite a while. I don't remember why we quit corresponding. It was stupid, we should have continued. I guess what is cute and exciting when you're 7 becomes cheesy and corny when you're 14... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.72.92.4 (talk) 22:09, 27 March 2009 (UTC)

Scientific Experiments?
"They are also used for scientific studies into ocean currents"

Source please. Surgo 20:05, August 24, 2005 (UTC)

 * At the Turks and Caicos Museum site, under the heading Research. Can't really find much other information outside of that site, pretty much everthing Google turns up is about the film or the song. the wub  "?/!"  21:16, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

 * See also: Smithsonian magazine's July 2001 number --Cxarli 01:13, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

Removed website from links. Advertisement. Rj3labs 01:53, 25 June 2007 (UTC)

History
Is the tidbit about shipwrecked people in 2005 really important to the history of messages in a bottle? And at the same time, is the possible myth of Christopher Columbus sending a message in a bottle during a storm worth keeping? Maybe there should be a "lore" section Mike409 (talk) 11:08, 3 February 2010 (UTC)

Dubious
MetaFilter user verstegan suggests that the thing about QEI employing an Uncorker is lifted from The Man Who Laughs. Seems like an open-and-shut case for removal to me, if true, but I guess one should go check the Kraske reference given. 4pq1injbok (talk) 20:52, 15 October 2012 (UTC)
 * Hi there, that's exactly the thing I was reading before I added the dubious tag! I don't have the Kraske book to check what it says, but I have asked verstegan is there is somewhere citable for the debunking. That should be enough to remove it for the time being, and whoever added it originally can come back with quotes from Kraske if they wish. I will let you know if/when I get a answer. Emma May Smith (talk) 21:10, 15 October 2012 (UTC)
 * I have had a reply, and though there is no easily accessible source for debunking this myth, it may be debunked in Curtis Ebbesmeyer and Eric Scigliano, 'Flotsametrics and the Floating World: How One Man's Obsession with Runaway Sneakers and Rubber Ducks Revolutionized Ocean Science' (HarperCollins, 2009), Appendix A ('Urban Legends of the Sea'). Does anybody have access to that book? Emma May Smith (talk) 15:57, 16 October 2012 (UTC)

Roman use of pine cones to study water flow.
Apparently some famous Roman governor wanted to know where an above-ground river went when when it disappeared underground. He dumped pine cones in to the water with distinctive markings, and they were later found floating in the Mediterranean sea. I tried to find details of it online, but could not. Has anyone got details, and should this be included here. (or elsewhere)--Dmol (talk) 00:08, 5 November 2012 (UTC)
 * Well, Doesn't have a message in it, So I'm Not sure.Yutah Andrei Marzan Ogawa1 2 3|UPage|☺★ (talk) 06:51, 26 March 2014 (UTC)

As-yet-unverified claim
Memorandum: CNN story (June 30 source: "Did Cuban migrants who climbed lighthouse send S.O.S. note?") reports a possible real, possibly faked, message in a bottle from migrants between Cuba and Florida. The story bears watching, to see if it is validated. —RCraig09 (talk) 14:34, 30 June 2016 (UTC)
 * Confirmed according to CNN (July 21 source: "Cubans who climbed lighthouse allege inhumane treatment in U.S. custody").  Content has been added to article. —RCraig09 (talk) 03:28, 24 July 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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Construction Site Message in a bottle Source
Hi RCraig09!

Thanks for clarifying some of my additions to the Message in a Bottle article--I'm still learning Wikipedia conventions, so I especially appreciate the info on avoiding names of living senders and avoiding duplicating content between tables and text. In the case of the former, I just thought the maker of the table didn't know the names of the senders. My mistake!

Regarding the table entry for Carl Ott, the original source of the story is indeed the Message in a Bottle Hunter blog, as you can tell from the news article currently used as a citation, which in fact cites that blog. The current source is an article from "The Indy Channel," but it is based on and cites original research published at the Message in a Bottle Hunter blog, which was contacted by the finders for help in researching the bottle, according to the Indy Channel article. I'm just wondering why Wikipedia should cite a source that cites the original source when the original source is available? I'm sure I'm just missing something here but wanted to ask so I can learn.

Thanks, --Concher1 (talk) 21:14, 29 December 2017 (UTC)

 * I appreciate the explanations, User:Concher1. I first have to say that my actions were not hard-and-fast "rules" of Wikipedia, but were applications of Wikipedia principles, policies and guidelines, to an article of which I happen to be the main editor. That said, for the foreseeable future I would shy away from using MessageInaBottleHunter.com as a source since it's just an individual guy's blog (however earnest and individually honest), and not an established publication with a track record and editorial oversight. Presumably, a more established publication would have done some background investigation on any story, thus making the publication a more reliable source (click WP:RS) than the individual being interviewed. More discussion can be done at the article's talk page: Talk:Message_in_a_bottle. Happy New Year. —RCraig09 (talk) 21:33, 29 December 2017 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the explanation! That makes sense--I, too, would expect established, secondary sources to conduct their own research in verifying their stories. That does not seem to have happened with this particular Indy Channel article, as they merely summarize and quote from the blog that researched the bottle. But as a general point, your explanation makes perfect sense, and I appreciate you taking the time to write it and point me in the direction of some helpful WP resources for newbies like me. Reviewing this story made me wonder, too, if there should be a separate heading--or perhaps a separate page altogether--for "stationary" messages in bottles. They don't seem to fit Wikipedia's definition for "Time Capsules," and they don't float around...but I guess this is a conversation for the "Message in a Bottle" talk page. Anyway, thanks again, and Happy New Year to you, too!
 * --Concher1 (talk) 21:57, 29 December 2017 (UTC)

(foregoing discussion copied from my user talk page. —RCraig09 (talk) 23:36, 29 December 2017 (UTC)

 * Re "stationary" MiBs: Since the archetypical MiB is a bottle thrown into the ocean, almost all the article text is dedicated to that embodiment. But since things placed in (stationary) walls etc. are literally still "messages in bottles" I made a separate but small section for that ("Similar methods using other media"). That small section now references List of time capsules (whose definition literally encompasses bottles-in-walls). It's a question of ambiguous and overlapping definitions that we must live with, but I don't think that stationary MiBs warrant their own separate article--at least not separate from time capsules or list thereof. —RCraig09 (talk) 23:48, 29 December 2017 (UTC)

Claim about Theophrastus
The article claims that Theophrastus has used messages in bottles, but the only source given is a magazine concerned with fashion and entertainment, which provides no sources and doesn’t look like a reliable source for historical data. At the same time there is an equal number of websites that provide the exactly opposite claim and of equivalent reputation. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Wikimpan (talk • contribs) 06:36, 7 March 2018 (UTC)
 * "Reliable" source added: (NatGeo). What are the "equal number" (i.e. one) "of websites that provide the exactly opposite claim"? --2606:A000:4C0C:E200:1D14:5B23:6FC6:8569 (talk) 07:10, 7 March 2018 (UTC)
 * From Ebbesmeier and Sciliano at p. 229 (link):
 * "Theophrastus’s Bottles. For years, I cherished Gardner Soule’s Men Who Dared the Sea, which recounted how Aristotle’s protégé Theophrastus released bottles in the Strait of Gibraltar to see if a current flowed from the Atlantic into the Mediterranean. Soule included footnotes for many parts of his book, but none for his chapter on Theophrastus. Still I kept investigating; this experiment—which would have made Theophrastus the first by about two millennia to make scientific use of drifters—seemed in line with the way he conducted research. And the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica gave the same account. To confirm it, I contacted a group of scholars at Rutgers University, who were assembling all Theophrastus’s known writings. They graciously investigated but could not verify that he released drifters. And so I rate this beguiling tale a mere four."
 * The "four" refers to 4 of 10 on the scale of believability. However the Theophrastus story is clearly part of MiB lore, even if unproven, so I just modified the sentence to emphasis the story is "reputed" per Ebbesmeyer's investigation. RCraig09 (talk) 19:05, 7 March 2018 (UTC)
 * Like Wikimpan, I am unclear on why the Theophrastus story should remain here, described in a way that makes it seem true. The word "reputed" means that the story is "generally believed," but it is not "generally believed" by anyone who has investigated it, like Ebbesmeyer. Rather, it is merely repeated often by people who provide no source or, at best, credit the story to NatGeo, who in turn provide no source for the story, or Robert Kraske's children's book, which, again, provides no source for the story. Repeating a story often does not make it true--especially when no one has provided any evidence that it is true. Should this Wikipedia page be presenting lore and myth as if it is fact? Concher1 (talk) 16:01, 9 March 2018 (UTC)
 * I understand the concern, but with the word "reputed" we guarantee here that the content is not "presented as fact". Clearly there are numerous prima facie "reliable" sources that report it as truth (including NatGeo and the 1911 encyclopedia Ebbesmeyer mentions), and not being able to find a countervailing reliable source affirmatively proving the content is false, supports its inclusion. That's why I think it should be included—if contextualized. RCraig09 (talk) 16:47, 9 March 2018 (UTC)
 * I see what you mean, but the only appropriate "contextualizing" of the story I can imagine would be to describe it as a myth, or a legend, or at least an "apocryphal" story. Really, anything more than that is simply unsupportable. The 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica is searchable online at JRank.org among other places. Entries on Theophrastus and Oceanography mention nothing about messages, bottles, drifters, tracking ocean currents, etc., so we cannot rely on the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica (unless I've missed something there--totally possible, of course). The other source Ebbesmeyer mentions, Gardner Soule's book, is itself not regarded as a scholarly or trustworthy source (Soule's work is generally regarded as fanciful and certainly not scholarly). The National Geographic article does not give a source for the Theophrastus story, and it therefore cannot be confirmed or corroborated. I understand that the claim about Theophrastus appears in lots of places online, but this does not make it true, since none of them provides evidence. Saying that it is "reputed" to be true makes it sound true to the average reader, even though there is no credible evidence available to support the claim. Ebbesmeyer himself rates it 40% likely to be true--in other words, 60% likely to be untrue. I really don't mean to be a pain, but I'm having a hard time understanding the insistence that this unsupported, unsupportable story be presented as fact on this page. My understanding is that when a claim is made on Wikipedia, a reputable source must be provided to support the claim. I do not see a source among those listed above or on this page satisfies that requirement. And again, as for National Geographic--they have not met this requirement either. They have made a claim about Theophrastus, but provided no evidence. It seems to me that a Wikipedia article would want to avoid such a source since we cannot be sure of what research--if any--they did for the article.Concher1 (talk) 22:20, 10 March 2018 (UTC)
 * Presently, that content is definitely not "presented as fact" and I wasn't "insisting" anything close to such. Stronger wording may solve the problem, but any new wording, too, should be supported by a reliable reference rather than our own interpretation(s). This is a tough problem. Generally speaking, Wikipedia simply "relies" on reliable sources (WP:RS) without those sources (e.g., NatGeo) themselves having to explicitly cite their own sources (that's the purpose of having reliable sources). We're now faced with a credible reference (Ebbesmeyer) that simply questions other references since he & Rutgers could not find the "ultimate" source, yet mentions a reference (encyclopedia) that presumptively did have an earlier source—which undercuts his own conclusion! My quick research just now yielded nothing conclusive. In any event our own research must defer to what reliable sources affirmatively state; hopefully we can find one that resolves the entire situation. A subtle wording change might be the solution. —RCraig09 (talk) 04:22, 11 March 2018 (UTC)
 * Example: Searching scholar.google.com: (link) Check the 1985 Tolmazin reference's quote. (I couldn't find full text.)  —RCraig09 (talk) 04:41, 11 March 2018 (UTC)

Contradiction?
The article's text states that the longest term between a bottle's launching and its recovery is 131.6 years. The article's table says the longest term between a bottle's launching and its recovery is 151 years, with the text's "longest" being the item listed "2nd-longest" in the table. Am I just not reading something? If the 151 years is the longest, and the 131.6 years is just the longest according to Guinness, that needs to be sorted out.2604:2000:C682:2D00:D843:CE4A:4831:5319 (talk) 19:24, 10 March 2018 (UTC)Christopher L. Simpson
 * Good point. I've changed the text to now state the January 2018 find "eclipsed the previous corroborated record duration of 108 years" (corroborated by captain's meteorological log). The 151 year old find in 1935, higher in the table, was (as I recall from references) not corroborated though widely reported. RCraig09 (talk) 19:45, 10 March 2018 (UTC)

unclear sentence
RCraig09: You removed my request for clarification regarding the sentence: "Saying she initially felt violated by publication of her personal suffering, the mother told Liebreich on condition of continued anonymity, the details of her son's 1981 death in a bicycle accident, her decades of suffering afterwards, and the story surrounding release of her letter from an English Channel ferry."

That sentence is very unclear. It says "the mother told Liebreich on condition of continued anonymity" But, as you said in your revert, there was no "continued publication", which is why it doesn't make sense. What was she requesting continued anonymity about? The sentence needs to be reworded and clarified. The sentence seems incomplete. It doesn't say what she requested anonymity about. Vontheri (talk) 13:31, 3 March 2019 (UTC)

 * Vontheri Continued anonymity is about not publishing her her identity. —RCraig09 (talk) 13:34, 3 March 2019 (UTC)

 * RCraig09 Huh? Then why not change it to say that?  Usually people don't remove "clarification needed" tags until the issue has been actually clarified, by the way. Vontheri (talk) 13:37, 3 March 2019 (UTC)

 * Vontheri The basic definition of the word anonymity makes the sentence completely clear. Extra verbiage is not needed. —RCraig09 (talk) 13:40, 3 March 2019 (UTC)

 * RCraig09 It really wasn't clear at all. I think I figured out what the writer was trying to say.  I changed it to the following: "Saying she initially felt violated by publication of her personal suffering, the mother told Liebreich the details of her son's 1981 death in a bicycle accident, her decades of suffering afterwards, and the story surrounding release of her letter from an English Channel ferry after Leibrich agreed to protect her anonymity."

 * I know what the word "anonymity" means. That wasn't the issue. The way it was originally written it made it sound as though the sentence ended abruptly with something left off.  It didn't clearly join that "the details of her son's 1981 death in a bicycle accident, her decades of suffering afterwards, and the story surrounding release of her letter from an English Channel ferry" was something being told in exchange for agreeing to keep her anonymous.  It didn't seem clear what was being done in exchange for her anonymity.  It sounded as though there was a request that she was making "on the condition of continued anonymity"  Does that make sense?

 * I'm sure I wasn't the only one to be confused by the wording. Just because something didn't seem to you as though it needed clarification, doesn't mean that others won't find it in need of clarification.  Any time someone adds a "clarification needed" tag to an article, there will almost certainly be someone else who doesn't think it needs clarifying.  You obviously didn't see what I was saying needed clarification, as you apparently thought it was something about what "anonymity" meant.  Please do not remove "clarification needed" tags in the future just because you personally understand what was being said without any added clarification, especially not if you are not clear about what is being asked to be clarified.  The point of such tags is that someone who does understand it without added clarification can then add the clarification that is needed so other people can understand what is being said. Vontheri (talk) 13:50, 3 March 2019 (UTC)

 * To better explain, when it said "The mother told Liebrich on condition of continued anonymity", it sounded as though it meant she was making a request, like "on condition of continued anonymity I will do x". It sounded as though it was the definition of "told" that is "order, instruct, or advise (someone) to do something.", instead of the definition that is "communicate information, facts, or news to someone in spoken or written words." That is why it wasn't clear and needed clarification.  It was nothing to do with the word "anonymity". Vontheri (talk) 14:02, 3 March 2019 (UTC)

 * Vontheri Either sentence is crystal clear, though the new sentence first cites a result (the mother's telling X, Y and Z) before explaining a precondition/cause for the result (the mother requiring anonymity): a reversal of cause and effect not present in the original sentence. More generally, "A told B on condition of anonymity..." is practically a cliche, the last phrase even being in the dictionary! https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/on%20condition%20of%20anonymity. Also, Googling < < "told * on condition of anonymity"" > > yields 10.8 Million results. The original sentence was crystal clear and presented cause and effect, in logical and chronological order. But good day. —RCraig09 (talk) 18:12, 3 March 2019 (UTC)

 * RCraig09, I changed it again, to change the order of precondition/cause, and to maintain the word usage "on condition of anonymity". The sentence now reads: "Saying she initially felt violated by publication of her personal suffering, on condition of continued anonymity she agreed to tell Liebreich the details of her son's 1981 death in a bicycle accident, her decades of suffering afterwards, and the story surrounding release of her letter from an English Channel ferry."  Is that wording acceptable to you?  I'd like to find something that we both think reads clearly and without any issues.  This way it maintains the order and word usage you wanted, but arranges things in such a way that it is very clear what usage of "told/tell" is intended, by placing the order as stating that something was being told/then who told or was told/then what was told.

 * Again, just because it was crystal clear to you, does not mean that it is so to everyone else. The first time I read it, I kept thinking that it was going to get to what the mother "told" Liebrich that she was going to do in exchange for his protecting her anonymity.  The word "told" has two meanings, "order, instruct, or advise (someone) to do something." and "communicate information, facts, or news to someone in spoken or written words."  I had read it as the first meaning.  After I read it several more times it became obvious what the intended meaning was, but to prevent someone else from the same confusion, I put the "citation needed" tag.  Please be completely sure about what someone is asking to have clarified before removing those tags.  If in doubt, ask the person who placed the tag, assuming whoever placed it can be reached.  There can almost always be something reached that is agreeable to both and clear to both.  One's own judgement of something being clear when someone else found it unclear is not a very good way of discerning if other people will find it unclear or not.  Everything that has ever had a "citation needed" tag placed on it will have at least someone who doesn't find it unclear.

 * As for the google results. It looks like a large number of them have the thing which was told and then state that it was "told on condition of anonymity", rather than the other order. That seems less ambiguous, but as you said, there are other issues with it being in that order. As for those that don't have it in that order, the relevant sentence from the very first result yielded by the google search is "I was told on condition of anonymity by at least one of our mates today and another day someone saw you in a movie theatre". This has the order of "precondition/result", but the order is stating something was told on condition of anonymity/then who it was told by or to/then what was told, so it does not have any ambiguity.Vontheri (talk) 01:31, 4 March 2019 (UTC)

What to include in External links section
On 29 May 2022, User:Stesmo removed the entire External links section, citing WP:EL. I think it should remain. I'm aware of WP:EL and included the listed documents, mainly because they contain "information that could not be added to the article for reasons such as ...amount of detail. I'm requesting that you reconsider, especially for references 2, 3 and 5. Thanks. — RCraig09 (talk) 16:50, 29 May 2022 (UTC)
 * 1)  (unverified report of unopened 107-year-old find).
 * 2)  Updated October 30, 2013.
 * 3)  ("some 90 percent of marine debris washes up on less than 10 percent of the world's coastlines").
 * 4) "Message in a Bottle", The Museum of Turks and Caicos (Message in a Bottle Project, launched in 2001; legends, lore, examples). Archived on February 18, 2019.
 * 1) "Message in a Bottle", The Museum of Turks and Caicos (Message in a Bottle Project, launched in 2001; legends, lore, examples). Archived on February 18, 2019.

 * Hey, User:RCraig09. A list of citations doesn't belong in the EL section, especially when one (a paywalled site, which also doesn't belong in EL) is already used as cite. I reviewed the links and saw nothing that couldn't be included or wasn't already included in the article. If there's anything noteworthy, encyclopedic and should be included, add that content to the article and use the link as a citation.
 * Stesmo (talk)

title: Talk:Message in a bottle


text:
Vince Young

Vincent Paul Young Jr. (born May 18, 1983) is an American former football quarterback who played for six seasons in the National Football League (NFL). Young was selected by the Tennessee Titans as the third overall pick in the 2006 NFL draft, and he was also selected to be the Madden NFL 08 cover athlete.

Young played college football for the Texas Longhorns, and is often mentioned among the greatest quarterbacks in NCAA history. As a junior, he received the Davey O'Brien Award, given annually to the best college quarterback in the nation. He finished second behind Reggie Bush in Heisman Trophy voting. After the Heisman voting, Young led his team to a BCS National Championship against Bush's defending BCS national champion USC Trojans in the 2006 Rose Bowl, a game lauded as one of the most-anticipated and greatest in the history of college football. Texas retired Young's jersey on August 30, 2008.

He spent the first five seasons of his career with the Titans where he compiled a 30–17 starting record. In his rookie season, Young was named the NFL Offensive Rookie of the Year and was named to the AFC Pro Bowl team as a reserve. In 2009, Young earned his second Pro Bowl selection and was named Sporting News NFL Comeback Player of the Year. He later played one year as a backup with the Philadelphia Eagles in 2011 and had offseason stints with the Buffalo Bills, the Green Bay Packers, and Cleveland Browns from 2012 to 2014. In 2017, he attempted a comeback in the Canadian Football League with the Saskatchewan Roughriders, but was released before the season began.

Early life
Young grew up in the 4th Ward and Hiram Clarke neighborhoods of Houston, Texas, where he was primarily raised by his mother and his grandmother. His father, Vincent Young Sr., missed much of Vince's college career due to a 2003 burglary conviction and prison sentence. Young credits his mother and grandmother for keeping him away from the street gangs. At the age of seven, Young was struck by a vehicle while riding his bicycle at the corner of Tidewater and Buxley, streets in his Houston neighborhood. The accident nearly killed him, leaving him hospitalized for months after the bicycle's handle bar went into his stomach. Today, he credits this event for making him into a "tougher" individual. Young wore the #10 to show love and respect for his mother, Felicia Young, whose birthday is June 10. Young attended Dick Dowling Middle School in Hiram Clarke. Some of Young's friends were a part of the "Hiram Clarke Boys", a local street gang; many of those friends died as a result of their activities. Young's mother confronted him after he had been involved in a fight between gangs, and told him that he needed to change his behavior.

High school career
"You can't turn on a television in Houston without seeing Vince Young. You might see him more than the Texans. He was like LeBron James in Houston when he was coming out of high school."

Young was coached by Ray Seals at Madison High School in Houston, where he started at quarterback for three years and compiled 12,987 yards of total offense during his high school career. During his senior season, he led his Madison Marlins to a 61–58 victory in the 5A Regionals over the previously undefeated Galena Park North Shore Mustangs, accounting for more than 400 yards of total offense, while passing for three touchdowns and rushing for two more before a crowd of 45,000 in the Houston Astrodome. After beating Missouri City Hightower 56–22 in the state quarterfinals, Houston Madison faced Austin Westlake in the state semifinals. Although Young completed 18 of 30 passes for 400 yards and five touchdowns and rushed for 92 yards (on 18 carries) and a touchdown, Houston Madison lost by a score of 48–42.

Among the honors Young received in high school were:
 * being named Parade ' s and Student Sports ' National Player of the Year after compiling 3,819 yards and 59 touchdowns as a senior,
 * being named 2001 Texas 5A Offensive Player of the Year,
 * designation as The Sporting News ' s top high-school prospect,
 * and the Pete Dawkins Trophy in the U.S. Army All-American Bowl.

Young was also a varsity athlete in numerous other sports. In basketball, he played as a guard/forward and averaged more than 25 points per game over his career. This allowed him to be a four-year letterman and two-time all-district performer. In track and field, he was a three-year letterman and member of two district-champion 400-meter relay squads. In baseball, he played for two seasons, spending time as both an outfielder and pitcher. He also made the all-state team in football and in track.

College career

Young enrolled at the University of Texas, where he played for coach Mack Brown's Texas Longhorns football team from 2002 to 2005. He was part of an exceptionally strong Texas recruiting class that included future NFL players Rodrique Wright, Justin Blalock, Brian Robison, Kasey Studdard, Lyle Sendlein, David Thomas, Selvin Young, and Aaron Ross. Young redshirted his freshman year.

2003 season
As a redshirt freshman during the 2003 season, Young was initially second on the depth chart behind Chance Mock. However, Mock was benched halfway through the season (in the game against Oklahoma) in favor of Young. After that game, Young and Mock alternated playing time. Young appeared in 12 games and passed for 1,155 yards, six passing touchdowns, and seven interceptions to go along with 135 carries for 998 rushing yards and 11 rushing touchdowns.

2004 season
As a redshirt sophomore in the 2004 season, Young started every game and led the Longhorns to an 11–1 season record (losing to rival Oklahoma in a shutout), a top-five final ranking, and the school's first-ever appearance in the Rose Bowl, in which they defeated the University of Michigan. He began to earn his reputation as a dual-threat quarterback by passing for 1,849 yards and rushing for 1,189 yards. The Texas coaches helped facilitate this performance by changing the team offensive scheme from the more traditional I-formation to a shotgun formation with three wide receivers. This change gave the offense more options in terms of play selection, and consequently made defending against it more difficult.

Before his junior season, Young appeared on the cover of Dave Campbell's Texas Football alongside Texas A&M quarterback Reggie McNeal.

2005 season: National Championship
As a redshirt junior in the 2005 season, Young led the Longhorns to an 11–0 regular-season record. The Longhorns held a number-two ranking in the preseason, and held that ranking through the season except for one week when they were ranked number one in the Bowl Championship Series. Texas won the Big 12 championship game 70–3 over Colorado and still held their number-two BCS ranking, which earned them a berth in the National Championship Rose Bowl game against the USC Trojans. Before the game, the USC Trojans were being discussed on ESPN and other media outlets as possibly the greatest college football team of all time. Riding a 34-game winning streak, including the previous National Championship, USC featured two Heisman Trophy winners in the backfield – quarterback Matt Leinart (2004 Heisman winner) and running back Reggie Bush (2005 Heisman winner—since vacated).

In the 2006 Rose Bowl, Young accounted for 467 yards of total offense (200 rushing, 267 passing) and three rushing touchdowns (including a 9-yard touchdown scramble on fourth down with 19 seconds left) to lead the Longhorns to a 41–38 victory. This performance led to him winning Rose Bowl Most Valuable Player honors. Young finished the season with 3,036 yards passing and 1,050 yards rushing earning him the Davey O'Brien Award. He was also named the Longhorns MVP. He was named an All-American. In recognition of his Rose Bowl accomplishments, Young was inducted into the Rose Bowl Hall of Fame in 2018.

Early in his college career, Young had been criticized as "great rusher...average passer", and his unconventional throwing motion had been criticized as being "side-arm" as opposed to the conventional "over-the-top" throwing motion typically used by college quarterbacks.

Young reached a win–loss record as a starter of 30–2, ranking him number one of all University of Texas quarterbacks by number of wins, although his successor, Colt McCoy, far surpassed him with 45. His .938 winning percentage as a starting quarterback ranks sixth-best in Division I history. Young's career passing completion percentage is the best in Texas history, 60.8%. During his career at Texas (2003–05), Young passed for 6,040 yards (number five in Texas history) and 44 touchdowns (number four in Texas history) while rushing for 3,127 yards (first on Texas's all-time QB rushing list and number seven on Texas's all-time list) and 37 touchdowns (number five on Texas's all-time rushing touchdowns list and tied for first among quarterbacks). He was also number 10 on ESPN/IBM's list of the greatest college football players ever. In 2007, ESPN compiled a list of the top-100 plays in college football history; Young's game-winning touchdown in the 2006 Rose Bowl ranked fifth.

The University of Texas retired Young's number 10 jersey during the 2008 season-opening football game on August 30, 2008.

List of accomplishments and records

 * Young was the first player in NCAA I-A history to pass for 3,000 yards and rush for 1,000 yards in the same season.
 * Young owns five of the top seven single-game quarterback rushing performances in UT history: 267 yards vs Oklahoma State as a Junior; 200 yards vs USC as a Junior; 192 yards vs. Michigan as a Sophomore; 163 yards vs. Nebraska as a Freshman; 158 yards at Texas Tech as a Sophomore.
 * Young has six of the top 8 longest runs by a quarterback in UT history.
 * Young became the first player in UT history to pass and rush for 1,000 or more yards in the same season.
 * Young became the first quarterback in UT history to have three 100-yard rushing games (vs. Oklahoma, at Baylor, vs. Nebraska) in the same season and is tied with Ricky Williams (1995) for the third-most 100-yard games by a freshman in school history.
 * Young's 17 wins and 43 touchdowns accounted for in 2003–2004 were the most ever by a UT quarterback in their first two years. However, Colt McCoy surpassed both of these, accounting for 57 touchdowns and 20 wins in 2006–2007.
 * Young is a two-time winner of the Rose Bowl MVP award, joining Ron Dayne, Bob Schloredt, and Charles White as the only two-time winners.
 * He passed for 44 touchdowns (No. 4 in UT history)
 * Rose Bowl Record & BCS Championship Game Record – Total yards (467)
 * Rose Bowl Record – Touchdowns responsible for (5), tied by Mark Sanchez in 2009
 * Rose Bowl Record & BCS Record- Net rushing yards by a quarterback (200), broke his own record
 * Rose Bowl Record – Points responsible for (30), tied by Mark Sanchez in 2009
 * Bowl Record – Net rushing yards by a quarterback (201), tied by Dwight Dasher in the 2009 New Orleans Bowl, then surpassed by Johnny Manziel (229) in the 2013 Cotton Bowl Classic
 * BCS Record – Total yards (467), surpassed by Tim Tebow in 2009
 * BCS Record – Touchdowns responsible for (5), tied Matt Leinart, tied by Mark Sanchez in 2009
 * BCS Record – Rushing touchdowns (4), tied Dominick Davis and Ron Dayne
 * BCS Record – Points Scored (24), tied Dominick Davis and Ron Dayne
 * BCS Record & BCS Championship Game Record – Most rushing yards per attempt (10.53)
 * BCS Championship Game Record – Rushing yards (200)
 * BCS Championship Game Record – Net rushing yards by a quarterback (200)
 * BCS Championship Game Record – Rushing touchdowns (3), tied LenDale White in same game
 * BCS Championship Game Record – Pass completions (30)
 * BCS Championship Game Record – Passes without an interception (40)
 * BCS Championship Game Record – Completion percentage (75.0%)
 * BCS Championship Game Record – Points Scored (20), tied Peter Warrick
 * UT Record – Touchdown passes, season (26), tied with Chris Simms, surpassed by Colt McCoy
 * UT Record – Passing completion percentage, careers (61.8%), surpassed by McCoy
 * UT Record – Total Offense, game (506)
 * UT Record – Total Offense, season (4,086), surpassed by McCoy
 * UT Record – Total Offense, career (9,167), surpassed by McCoy
 * UT Record – Average gain per play, season (8.5 yards)
 * UT Record – Average gain per play, career (7.8 yards)
 * UT Record – Pass completion percentage, game (86.2%) against Colorado in 2005, surpassed by McCoy
 * UT Record – Pass completion percentage, career (61.8%) (min 100 attempts), surpassed by McCoy in 2009
 * UT Record – Wins by a quarterback, Career (30), surpassed by McCoy
 * UT Record – Longest run by a Quarterback (80 yards)
 * UT Record – Most rushing yards by a Quarterback, game (267), against Oklahoma State, broke his own record previously set against Michigan
 * UT Record – Most rushing yards by a Quarterback, career (3,127), also 5th best by any UT player
 * UT Record – Most rushing touchdowns by a quarterback, season (14), surpassed by Sam Ehlinger in 2018
 * UT Record – Most rushing touchdowns by a quarterback, career (37), also 4th best by any UT player
 * UT Record – Most games rushing and passing for more than 100 yards, career (5 games)
 * UT Record – Most 300 yard total offense games, season (6), tied by and then surpassed by McCoy
 * UT Record – Most 300 yard total offense games, career (10), surpassed by McCoy
 * UT Record – Most 400 yard total offense games, season (2), tied by and then surpassed by McCoy
 * UT Record – Most 400 yard total offense games, career (4)
 * UT Record – Most 500 yard total offense games, season (1)
 * UT Record – Most 500 yard total offense games, career (1)
 * UT Record – Most Offensive yards, game (506 yards), against Oklahoma State on October 29, 2005, broke his own record
 * UT Record – Most 100 yard rushing games by a quarterback, season (3 games), tied his own record twice
 * Big 12 & UT Record – Passing efficiency, season (163.9), surpassed by Sam Bradford in 2007 for Big 12 and McCoy for UT
 * Big 12 & UT Record – Win/loss record as a starter of 30–2 gives him a .938 winning percentage as a starting quarterback. This also ranks sixth best in NCAA Division I football history.
 * Big 12 & UT Record – Yards per rush, career (6.8)
 * In the Rose Bowl on January 4, 2006, the BCS National Championship, he completed 30 of 40 passes for 267 yards and carried the ball 19 times for 200 yards and 3 rushing touchdowns. Those 200 rushing yards set a Bowl game rushing record by a QB. He was named Rose Bowl MVP for the second time in his career. UT beat USC by the score of 41 to 38 and Vince Young ran in the winning touchdown. In this game, UT ended USC's 34-game win streak. Young's 467 total yards set a new Rose Bowl record.

College awards and honors

 * 2006 – ESPY Award for Best Championship Performance
 * 2006 – ESPY Award for Best Game (2006 Rose Bowl; joint award shared between Texas and USC – accepted award along with Matt Leinart).
 * 2006 – Big 12 Male Athlete of the Year (for 2005–2006 scholastic year)
 * 2006 – Manning Award winner
 * 2006 – Rose Bowl MVP (at end of 2005 season)
 * 2005 – BCS National Championship
 * 2005 – The Cingular All-America Player of the Year Award
 * 2005 – Consensus All-American
 * 2005 – The Maxwell Award – College Player of the Year
 * 2005 – Davey O'Brien National Quarterback Award
 * 2005 – 1st Team All-Big 12 Conference honors (unanimous decision)
 * 2005 – Rose Bowl Most Valuable Player (at end of 2004 season)
 * 2003 – Big 12 Conference Offensive Freshman of the Year
 * Texas Longhorns #10 retired

Professional career
Throughout the 2005 season Young had indicated that he planned to return to the University of Texas for his senior year in 2006. The day after Texas won the BCS National Championship, Young accepted an invitation to appear on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno. When Leno asked Young whether he would stay for his senior year of college or declare for the 2006 NFL Draft, Young replied that he would discuss the matter with his pastor, his family, and coach Mack Brown. On January 8, 2006, Young announced he would enter the NFL draft, where he was expected to be drafted early in the first round. Even after his Rose Bowl performance, some observers said he may have difficulty in the NFL because of his unorthodox sidearm throwing motion and the different style of play in the NFL.

The Saints, who held the second overall pick, were likely to pass on drafting a high-rated quarterback after Drew Brees signed with the team as a free agent. Though Titans quarterback Steve McNair was a personal friend of Young's and favored him as his "heir apparent", Tennessee's coaches reportedly favored drafting Matt Leinart, and Young was no longer thought to be a consensus top five pick. Some had speculated that he would not even be picked in the top ten.

News regarding the Wonderlic, a standardized test given to all recruits, was problematic for Young. On February 25, 2006, during the NFL Combine, it was reported that Vince scored a 6 out of a possible 50 points on his Wonderlic Test. The test is designed to measure a player's ability to learn a complex NFL playbook. Some observers believed this score would lower Young's draft selection and faulted his agent, Major Adams, for not preparing Young ahead of time with practice tests.

However, on February 26, 2006, combine officials said the reported score of 6 was incorrect. According to NFL Spokesman Steve Alic, "I can tell you absolutely that the score that has been reported on the Internet is inaccurate. I spoke to the person who graded the test, and he assured me that that number was not correct." The next day, the test was re-administered and Young allegedly scored a 16.

2006 season: Rookie season
The NFL Draft was held on April 29–30, 2006. The Tennessee Titans drafted Vince Young in the first round as the 3rd overall pick, confirming the predictions of many draft experts. He was the first quarterback taken in the draft, with the Titans choosing him instead of Matt Leinart. The Titans general manager, Floyd Reese, said Young's upside was the deciding factor in his being chosen. Reese said, "Last night at 11:35, I was on my knees praying ... he will rewrite the position. This guy physically is such a combination of arms and legs. People want to make him out to be a Michael Vick. He's not that. He's different."

On July 27, 2006, Young agreed to terms on his initial contract with the Titans. Terms of the deal were reported to include five years with a sixth year team option and as much as US$58 million overall including $25.7 million in guaranteed money. As a quarterback, Young was able to reach a deal similar to that signed by the draft's #1 overall pick, Texans defensive end Mario Williams.

On September 17, Young threw for his first career touchdown against the San Diego Chargers in a 40–7 loss. Young made his first career start versus the Dallas Cowboys on October 1, 2006, completing 14 of 29 passes for 155 yards, one touchdown, and two interceptions. He achieved his first NFL victory (against the Washington Redskins, 25–22) on October 15, 2006.

On Sunday, November 26, 2006, Vince Young led his first NFL fourth-quarter comeback, against the New York Giants. With the Giants leading 21–0, the tide suddenly changed after New York quarterback Eli Manning threw an interception to Pacman Jones. Young subsequently led a scoring drive, throwing a touchdown pass to ex-Longhorn teammate Bo Scaife. After the Titans forced a three-and-out, Young ran an option play for a touchdown on the next drive. Another successful stop led to Young throwing his second touchdown of the quarter. After another Eli Manning interception to Pacman Jones, this time with only 30 seconds left in the game, Young calmly led his team down the field for Rob Bironas' game-winning field goal; the final score was 24–21 over the Giants. It is statistically the best performance of Vince Young's NFL career: he went 24/35 for 249 yards and two touchdowns, with a 107.9 passer rating. He also rushed 10 times for 69 yards and a touchdown.

A week later, Young led another come-from-behind victory over the Indianapolis Colts who, prior to the game, held a 10–1 record. The late Rob Bironas iced the game with a 60-yard field goal. The 14-point comeback marked the first time in NFL history that a rookie quarterback led two 14+ point comebacks in the same season.

The following week marked Vince's first pro game in his hometown of Houston vs the Texans. Vince had extra motivation for this game, as he felt the Texans should have drafted him with the #1 pick 8 months earlier. He led the Titans back from a 4th quarter deficit for the 3rd consecutive week, with the game eventually going into OT. On 3rd and 14, Young burst up the middle for a 39-yard game winning TD run.

On Sunday, December 24, 2006, Vince Young led yet another come-from-behind victory over the Buffalo Bills who, along with the Titans, had a 7–7 record and were competing for an AFC wild card playoff spot. This time the comeback was from 9 points down after Rian Lindell kicked a 24-yard field goal at the end of the 3rd quarter to make the score 29–20 in favor of the Bills. Young then led the Titans on a 9-play, 62-yard drive that spanned 4:16 and ended with a 29-yard touchdown pass to Brandon Jones to make the score 27–29. After a three and out by the Buffalo Bills, Young again led his team on a 7:15, 14-play scoring drive that culminated in a 30-yard field goal by Rob Bironas, putting the Titans on top 30–29. Bironas' kick would prove to be the winning points. Young ended the day going 13-of-20 for 183 yards, two touchdowns, and no interceptions, with a rating of 127.7. He also rushed 8 times for 61 yards and 1 touchdown.

Young held the then NFL record for rushing yards by a rookie quarterback with 552, breaking the old record of 408 yards set by Bobby Douglass in 1969. It has since been broken by quarterbacks Cam Newton and Robert Griffin III in 2011 and 2012 respectively. He won the Associated Press NFL Offensive Rookie of The Year honors at the conclusion of the 2006 NFL campaign, becoming only the third quarterback to win the award, along with Dennis Shaw and Ben Roethlisberger.

On February 3, Vince Young was named to the 2007 Pro Bowl to replace Philip Rivers whose foot injury kept him out of what would have been his first Pro Bowl appearance. Young threw one interception in limited play time in the Pro Bowl.

Of the rookie quarterback class of 2006, Vince Young has the best record as a starter, surpassing the only other three starting rookie quarterbacks: Matt Leinart, Jay Cutler, and Bruce Gradkowski. During the 2006 season, Vince Young led the Tennessee Titans to eight wins including six straight wins. He had a record of 8–5 as a starter. Of the wins, four of them were fourth quarter comebacks, including three straight fourth quarter comebacks. His passer rating was 66.7, which ranked 30th of 31 qualified quarterbacks in the NFL that season. Only Tampa Bay quarterback Bruce Gradkowski had a lower rating of 65.9.

Vince Young has also appeared on the cover of Sports Illustrated six times: once in the 2005 College Football season preview issue, on a December issue prior to the Big 12 Championship game versus Colorado, on the weekly edition after the 2006 Rose Bowl and also the Commemorative edition following the 2006 Rose Bowl, once for the 2006 NFL draft preview issue, and most recently after the Titans won 4 straight games in the 2006 NFL season. Young's performance in his rookie season earned him the honor of being the cover athlete for the video game Madden NFL 08.

Young was awarded the NFL Rookie of the Year honors for 2006. In spite of this, Young considered ending his career. In an article published by NFL.com Young was quoted as saying he thought about retiring from professional football after his first season stating "I really thought long and hard about it. There was so much going on with my family. It was crazy being an NFL quarterback. It wasn't fun anymore. All of the fun was out of it. All of the excitement was gone. All I was doing was worrying about things." However, Young would later recant this stating he never considered quitting football and his remarks were blown out of proportion.

2007 season
For the first exhibition game against the Washington Redskins on August 11, 2007, Titans Coach Jeff Fisher benched Young after he broke one of the team rules. Though Fisher declined to mention the rule Young broke, Young later hesitantly admitted that he left the team hotel the previous night in order to sleep at his home without informing Fisher. Young apologized for his behavior and was allowed to play for the next game.

During the Titans first game, a 13–10 win against the Jacksonville Jaguars, Young threw for 78 yards with 1 interception and ran for 22 yards, including a touchdown. In Week 2, the Titans lost 22–20 to the Indianapolis Colts at home. Vince threw for 164 yards and a touchdown and ran for 53 yards on 5 carries. During Week 3, the Titans played the New Orleans Saints in the first of their 2 appearances on Monday Night Football in the 2007 season. The Titans beat the Saints 31–14 behind Young's 185 total yards (21 rushing, 164 passing) and 2 touchdowns with 1 interception. On Sunday October 7, Vince Young and the Titans took to the field in Nashville as they took on the Atlanta Falcons. Despite a lackluster day, the Titans and Young would come away with the victory 20–13. Young was 20–33 with 153 yards and 3 interceptions.

Young injured his quadriceps during the first half of a matchup against Tampa Bay Buccaneers in Week 6. Young went to the dressing room clutching his leg, but returned after half-time and was shown warming up on the sidelines. However, he would not return to the game as a precautionary measure. The Titans would go on to lose the game 13–10.

Despite an upcoming divisional matchup against the Houston Texans Young missed the following week's matchup after being listed as a gametime decision. This would be Young's first start missed due to injury. He returned the next week against the Oakland Raiders to complete 6 of 14 attempts for 42 yards in a 13–9 win. The following week against Carolina, Young would complete 14 of 23 attempts for 110 yards and 2 interceptions and add 25 rushing yards and a rushing touchdown in a 20–7 win.

In Week 10 Young completed 24 of 41 passes for 257 yards, 1 touchdown, and 2 interceptions in 28–13 loss against the Jacksonville Jaguars. Young's 257 yards passing in the game would become a new career high passing his previous best of 249 yards in a 24–21 comeback win over the New York Giants in Week 12 of the 2006–2007 season. His 41 attempts would also be a new career high.

The following week Young eclipsed his previous mark for passing yards in a game by throwing for 305 yards with 1 touchdown and 2 interceptions as well as rushing for 74 yards and 1 touchdown in a 34–20 loss against the Denver Broncos on Monday Night Football. His 379 combined yards would set a new career mark passing his previous best of 318 total yards in a 24–21 comeback win over the New York Giants in Week 12 of the 2006–2007 season. He would also equal his career high in attempts with 41.

In Week 13, Young had his best overall passing game of the season against the Houston Texans. Young ended the day by going 21 of 31 for 248 yards with 2 touchdowns and 1 interception for a 99.9 QB Rating in a 28–20 win. Young also added 5 carries for 44 yards which brought his streak of 250+ combined yardage games to 4 straight.

In Week 15, Young posted his best QB Rating of the season by going 16 of 26 for 191 yards with 2 touchdown and 0 interceptions for a QB Rating of 109.6. He would also add 7 carries for 32 yards as the Titans overcame a 14–10 halftime lead by the Kansas City Chiefs to win the game 26–17 and keep their playoff hopes alive moving to 8–6 for the season.

In Week 16, Young completed 12 of 22 passes for 166 yards and 1 interception and added 1 rushing yard in a 10–6 win against the New York Jets. The win against the Jets combined with a loss by the Cleveland Browns earlier in the day put the Titans in position for the last play off spot in the AFC.

In Week 17, Vince Young and the Titans' playoff wishes came to life as they defeated the Indianapolis Colts 16–10 to clinch the 6th seed in the AFC Playoffs. Young would leave the game in the 3rd quarter after suffering what seemed to be a re-injury of his right quad which kept him out for a game earlier in the season. Backup quarterback Kerry Collins would enter in the game and lead the Titans to 2 field goals to break a 10–10 tie and seal the victory. Before the injury, Young posted some of his best numbers of the year by completing 14 of 18 passes for 157 yards with 0 touchdowns, 0 interceptions, and posting a 103.0 QB Rating.

At the end of the regular season, Young finished with 2,459 passing yards with 9 touchdowns and 17 interceptions. Additionally, Young would finish with 395 rushing yards and 3 rushing touchdowns.

In Young's first playoff game, he completed 16 of 29 passes for 138 yards and one interception and had 12 rushing yards for a 53.5 passer rating in a 17–6 loss to the Chargers.

2008 season
In the first game against the Jacksonville Jaguars, Young injured his knee and was expected to miss 2 to 3 weeks. On September 15, Jeff Fisher made the decision to go with Kerry Collins and for Collins to remain the starter for the rest of the season. The Titans finished 13–3 in the regular season, with Young assuming backup duties.

2009 season
During the 2009 offseason, Coach Jeff Fisher announced that Kerry Collins would remain the Titans' starting quarterback for the 2009 season; Fisher said that if Young wanted to become the starting quarterback, he would have to "earn his job back".

On October 29, 2009, following a disappointing 0–6 start to the season, Coach Fisher announced that Young would replace Collins as starter. Titans owner Bud Adams had reportedly urged Fisher to give Young more playing time following the team's 59–0 loss to the New England Patriots on October 18, and became even more insistent during the team's bye week that followed. Fisher nonetheless withheld announcing the change "for competitive reasons" until the Thursday afternoon before the Titans' next game, on Sunday, November 1, against the Jacksonville Jaguars. Upon announcing the change, Fisher further stated: "I'm still in Kerry Collins' corner because I don't believe that our record is a reflection of the quarterback play", Fisher said. "It's a reflection of the team play. I'm still in his corner, but we've decided to go ahead and make this change."

Young won eight of his ten starts in the 2009 campaign. The 2009 Titans are the first team in NFL history to win five straight after losing their first six games. On November 29, 2009, Young led the Titans on a 2:37 long, 99-yard drive near the end of their game against the Arizona Cardinals. Young sealed the deal, with a 10-yard game-winning touchdown pass to Kenny Britt on 4th down as time expired. The Titans won 20–17. Young finished with a 99.7 quarterback rating, went 27 for 43, with a career-high 387 yards, one touchdown, and had four carries for eight yards. Incidentally, due to an injury to Cardinals' starting quarterback Kurt Warner, this would mark a rematch of the 2006 Rose Bowl between Young and Cardinals' back-up quarterback Matt Leinart.

Young finished third in the bidding for the NFL Comeback Player of the Year award behind Tampa Bay Buccaneers running back Carnell Williams and the winner, New England Patriots quarterback Tom Brady. Shortly thereafter, Young was announced as the Sporting News comeback player of the year.

Young played in the 2010 Pro Bowl, taking the roster spot of the injured Philip Rivers after Ben Roethlisberger and Carson Palmer declined to replace Rivers due to their own respective injuries.

2010 season
Young led the Titans to a 4–5 record in nine of their first ten games in 2010 while throwing for ten touchdowns with a 98.6 passer rating.

During a Week 11 loss to the Washington Redskins, Young suffered a torn flexor tendon in his right thumb, and was held out of the game after he prepared to reenter. Following the game, Young threw his shoulder pads into the crowd as he left the field, had an altercation with Coach Fisher in the locker room, and stormed out. Fisher then declared that Rusty Smith would become the Titans' starting quarterback.

On January 5, 2011, Titans owner Bud Adams issued a press release stating that Young would no longer be on the team's roster for the 2011–12 season. Vince Young would finish his Titans career with a 30–17 record (63.8%) over five years. As a Titan, Young finished with a 75.4 quarterback rating, with 42 touchdown passes and 42 interceptions.

On July 28, 2011, Young was released by the Titans.

Philadelphia Eagles
Young was signed by the Philadelphia Eagles to a one-year contract on July 29, 2011. Upon signing, Young declared the Eagles would become the "Dream Team", a label which would become highly publicized by media outlets.

Young's first start as an Eagle came on November 20, 2011, in a Sunday Night Football match up against the New York Giants. Young played quarterback in the Eagles' 17–10 win, finishing the game with 258 passing yards, two touchdowns, and three interceptions. The Eagles subsequently lost Young's second start of the season, 38–20 the following week against the New England Patriots. Young finished with 400 yards with one touchdown and one interception in a losing effort. In his third and final start the following week, Young threw one touchdown and four interceptions as the Eagles lost to the Seattle Seahawks 31–14, dropping the Eagles record to 4–8 and Young's record as a starter to 1–2 on the season.

Final NFL years
Young signed a one-year deal with the Buffalo Bills on May 11, 2012. He was released by the team on August 27, 2012.

On August 6, 2013, Young signed a one-year contract with the Green Bay Packers. He was released by the team on August 31, 2013.

On May 1, 2014, Young signed a one-year contract with the Cleveland Browns. He was released by the team on May 12, 2014.

Saskatchewan Roughriders
In early February 2017, the Saskatchewan Roughriders of the Canadian Football League (CFL) added Young to their negotiation list. A couple weeks later Leigh Steinberg, Young's agent, confirmed he'd conducted talks on behalf his client with the Roughriders. On March 8, 2017, Young was rumored to be signing with the Roughriders imminently.

On March 9, 2017, the Roughriders held a press conference to formally announce the signing of Young. Young entered training camp fighting alongside Bryan Bennett and Brandon Bridge for the backup quarterback position to CFL-veteran Kevin Glenn. On June 6, 2017, partway through training camp, Young suffered a hamstring injury. On June 12, 2017, following the team's first preseason game, it was announced that Young would miss 4–6 weeks with a torn hamstring. Five days later, he was waived by the Roughriders.

Awards and honors

 * 2x Pro Bowl selection (2006, 2009)
 * Cover of Madden NFL 08
 * 2006 NFL Rookie of the Week Awards (four separate weekly awards)
 * 2006 NFL AP Offensive Rookie of the Year
 * 2006 Diet Pepsi NFL Rookie of the Year

Retirement, post-NFL career
On June 14, 2014, Young announced his retirement. After announcing his retirement, he did say for a "guaranteed offer", he would come out of retirement. Young stated he also planned to work at the University of Texas in some form following his retirement. On August 14, 2014, Young had been hired by the University of Texas to work for its Division of Diversity and Community Engagement as a development officer for program alumni relations and raising money for programs that assist first-generation and low-income college students. His employment with the University of Texas ended on March 9, 2019, due to poor performances and absences, having been given job warnings dating back to 2017. In 2021, he was hired by the University of Texas as a special assistant in the athletic department.

Personal life
As a result of his strong on-field performance and his ties to the Houston area, January 10, 2006, was proclaimed "Vince Young Day" in his hometown. The Texas Senate passed a resolution on February 20, 2007, to declare the day "Vince Young Day" throughout the state.

Young has been in a number of television commercials for Madden 08 (for which he was on the cover), Reebok with Allen Iverson, and Campbell's Chunky Soup. He appears in rapper Mike Jones's video, "My 64". Young was also interviewed by 60 Minutes for an episode that was aired on September 30, 2007.

Young re-enrolled at the University of Texas for the 2008 spring semester. In 2013, Young graduated from Texas with a degree in youth and community studies from the College of Education.

Young continues to live in Houston's Hiram Clarke neighborhood. Young's grandmother, Betty, lives in the Sunnyside area of Houston.

Disappearance
On September 9, 2008, a distraught Young left his home without his cell phone. The reasons given were that Young was upset over being booed by fans after throwing a second interception against the visiting Jacksonville Jaguars the previous day and the sprained medial collateral ligament in his left knee suffered four plays after head coach Jeff Fisher prodded him back into the game. Young postponed a doctor's examination until the following day. After speaking to members of Young's family, Fisher called Nashville police. After a four-hour search, they found Young, who agreed to meet with Fisher and police at the team's training facility.

In regard to the incident, Young's mother (Felicia Young) stated that her son was "hurting inside and out."

Financial problems
In September 2012, the Associated Press reported that Young had spent much of the $34 million salary he earned in the NFL and was facing financial problems after defaulting on a $1.9 million high interest payday loan. Young filed a lawsuit seeking to stop the lender, Pro Player Funding LLC, from enforcing a judgment of nearly $1.7 million with a claim that the loan documents were forged and he did not knowingly execute the loan. However, Young had authorized $1 million in loan payments to Pro Player directly from his Eagles salary prior to defaulting and Young's signatures on loan documents were notarized. Young also filed lawsuits against his former agent, Major Adams, and a North Carolina financial planner, Ronnie Peoples, alleging that they misappropriated $5.5 million of funds. When asked to give a general assessment of Young's finances, Young's attorney, Trey Dolezal, stated "I would just say that Vince needs a job." Young's financial problems have reportedly been a result of lavish spending and, by his account, the betrayal of trusted advisers.

In addition to the $34 million salary during his career in the NFL, Young had signed $30 million in endorsement deals with Reebok, Campbell's Soup, Madden NFL, Vizio and the National Dairy Council.

In January 2014, Young filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in a Houston federal bankruptcy court. On January 30, Young petitioned the court to dismiss the bankruptcy filing due to a settlement with Adams and Peoples, and a resulting settlement with Pro Player Funding.

Lawsuits
In December 2008, Young filed suit against former Major League Baseball player Enos Cabell and two others for applying for a trademark to use his initials and "Invinceable" nickname to sell products without his permission in 2006. The suit claims that their use of Young's name has damaged endorsement deals for Young; he asked the court to give him the exclusive rights to use the initials and nickname.

Impersonator
On September 23, 2011, Stephan Pittman, a registered sex offender in Maryland, was arrested on felony fraud charges for impersonating Young.

Legal issues
On January 25, 2016, Young was arrested for DWI in Austin, Texas. He pleaded no contest, was fined $300, and ordered to undergo 60 hours of community service.

On February 5, 2019, Young was arrested for DWI in Fort Bend County, Texas. He was released on a $500 bail the same day. The charges were dismissed on August 25, 2020, after he completed a diversion program.

title: Vince Young


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Brices Cross Roads National Battlefield Site

Brices Cross Roads National Battlefield Site memorializes the Battle of Brice's Cross Roads, in which a U.S. Army force was defeated by a smaller Confederate force commanded by Major-General Nathan Bedford Forrest on June 10, 1864, but nonetheless secured Union supply lines between Nashville and Chattanooga, Tennessee.

The 1-acre site is a grassy park with a flagpole, a memorial monument, and two cannons. There are no visitor services; information is provided at the visitor center for the Natchez Trace Parkway 15 miles south. The monument and site are very similar to that at Tupelo National Battlefield.

Description
The Brices Cross Roads National Battlefield Site, in Lee County, Mississippi, preserves the battlefield at Brices Cross Roads, which extended northward into southwestern Prentiss County. This is the spot where the Brice family house once stood. It is located about 6 miles (10 km) west of Baldwyn, on Highway 370. The site features a memorial erected soon after the battlefield was designated as a historic site in 1929. In addition, on June 11, 2005, a second memorial was dedicated to Confederate Capt. John W. Morton, Chief of Artillery, and his battery. Brices Cross Roads is the only component of the National Park System designated a "battlefield site".

The modern Bethany Presbyterian Church is located on the southeast side of the crossroads. At the time of the battle, this congregation's meeting house was located further south along Baldwyn Road. The Old Bethany Cemetery, adjacent to the battlefield site, predates the American Civil War. Many of the area's earliest settlers were buried there. The graves of more than 90 Confederate soldiers killed in the battle are also located in this cemetery. U.S. Army soldiers killed in the battle were buried in common graves on the battlefield but were later reinterred in the Memphis National Cemetery at Memphis, Tennessee.

The Brices Cross Roads Visitor Center, located in Baldwyn, is owned and operated by a public commission. Brices Cross Roads National Battlefield Commission, Inc., formed in 1994 by residents, is also involved in protecting the greater battlefield. With assistance from the American Battlefield Trust and the support of federal, state, and local governments, the commission has purchased for preservation 1,500 acres of the original battlefield.

Administrative history
The site was established on February 21, 1929, and transferred from the United States Department of War to the National Park Service on August 10, 1933. The battlefield was automatically listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 15, 1966. It is administered under the Natchez Trace Parkway.


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Talk:Avans University

Avans Hogeschool is not a university!!!
Although the Avans Hogeschool is a school of higher professional education, it isn't a university!!! So, the title is utterly wrong! In the Netherlands it is a Hogeschool, somewhat comparable with the former polytechnics in the UK. Please, change the title to Avans Hogeschool! Thank you.

 * I moved it, as you are undoubtedly correct from a Dutch point of view; the problem is possibly that Avans calls itself a university in English. The "former polytechnics in the UK" are as far as I know also all universities in name by now, and there are many US institutions calling themselves universities which would not normally be considered as such. It seems the English language, for whatever reason, has become more generous with what may be defined as a university. which also affects the translation of continental European institutions. Uppland 20:11, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Avans University


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Giant sucking sound

The "giant sucking sound" was a phrase used by United States presidential candidate Ross Perot, to describe what he believed would be the negative effects of the North American Free Trade Agreement, which he opposed.

First usage and context
The phrase, which Perot coined during the 1992 US presidential campaign, referred to the sound of US jobs heading south for Mexico should the free-trade agreement go into effect.

In the second 1992 Presidential Debate, Ross Perot argued:

"We have got to stop sending jobs overseas. It's pretty simple: If you're paying $12, $13, $14 an hour for factory workers and you can move your factory South of the border, pay a dollar an hour for labor, ... have no health care—that's the most expensive single element in making a car— have no environmental controls, no pollution controls and no retirement, and you don't care about anything but making money, there will be a giant sucking sound going south.    ... when [Mexico's] jobs come up from a dollar an hour to six dollars an hour, and ours go down to six dollars an hour, and then it's leveled again. But in the meantime, you've wrecked the country with these kinds of deals."

Perot ultimately lost the election, and the winner, Bill Clinton, supported NAFTA, which went into effect on January 1, 1994.

Legacy
The phrase has since come into general use to describe any situation involving loss of jobs, or fear of a loss of jobs, particularly by one nation to a rival. Examples include:
 * A European Union representative spoke of worrying "about the giant sucking sound from Eastern Europe;"
 * Thomas Friedman opined that "the Mexicans ... are hearing 'the giant sucking sound' in stereo these days—from China in one ear and India in the other.
 * Columnist Joe Sharkey used the phrase "That Giant Sucking Sound" to introduce a comment about a 34% slump in employment in the US airline industry.
 * US Congressman Steve LaTourette (R-OH 14) invoked the catchphrase while criticizing the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009: "Well, today there's another sucking sound going on in Washington, D.C. And that's the tightening of sphincters on both ends of Pennsylvania Avenue as people are having to explain who put into the stimulus bill this provision of law."

title: Giant sucking sound


text:
Talk:Bobby Lewis

Assessment comment
Substituted at 09:57, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bobby Lewis