text:
Clermont State Historic Site

The Clermont State Historic Site, also known as the Clermont estate, the Clermont Manor or just Clermont, is a New York State Historic Site in southwestern Columbia County, New York, United States. It protects the former estate of the Livingston family, seven generations of whom lived on the site over more than two centuries.

History
The name Clermont derives from "clear mountain" in French and was inspired by the view of the Catskill Mountains across the Hudson River from the estate.

The estate was established by Robert Livingston of the famous Livingston family following the death of his father, the first Lord of Livingston Manor, in 1728; while most of the manor was inherited by the eldest son Philip Livingston, 13000 acre in the southwest corner, later named Clermont, was willed to Robert. The original house was built about 1740.

Robert Livingston of Clermont died on June 27, 1775, and the estate passed to his son, Robert, who was known as 'Judge Livingston' to distinguish him from his father. Judge Livingston was a member of the New York General Assembly from 1759 to 1768, served as judge of the admiralty court from 1760 to 1763 and was a delegate to the Stamp Act Congress of 1765. He married Margaret Beekman, daughter of Colonel Henry Beekman. Their son, Robert R. Livingston, later known as "Chancellor", was a Founding Father of the United States and served on the Committee of Five that drafted the United States Declaration of Independence. Judge Robert died about six months after his father, on December 9, 1775.

Burning and rebuilding
In October 1777, British ships sailed upriver from New York City in support of General John Burgoyne who was north of Albany. That same force had already stormed two forts in the Hudson Highlands and burned Kingston, New York. Major General John Vaughan led a raiding party to Clermont and burned Livingston's home because of the family's role in the rebellion. Margaret Beekman Livingston rebuilt the family home between 1779 and 1782.

Robert R. Livingston became the estate's most prominent resident. Chancellor Livingston administered the oath of office to President George Washington, became Secretary of Foreign Affairs, and negotiated the Louisiana Purchase.

In 1793, Robert Livingston built a second mansion on the property, confusingly named "Clermont", which subsequently became known as both "Arryl House" and "Idele", which burned in 1909. The ruins of that house are still visible at the south end of the property.

He also partnered with Robert Fulton in 1807, to create the first commercially successful steamboat, the North River Steamboat, later known as the Clermont, which stopped at the house on its inaugural trip.

The home's final Livingston owners were John Henry Livingston and his wife Alice. They added to the home and greatly valued the home's important historical role.

Alice Livingston was responsible for creating many of the landscaped gardens that are continued to this day. Following John Henry's death, Alice turned the mansion and property over to the state in 1962 so that all the people of New York could experience it.

Present day
The house is now a New York State Historic Site and was designated a United States National Historic Landmark in 1972. It is a contributing property to another National Historic Landmark, the Hudson River Historic District.

Although located in the town of Clermont, its mailing address is in the nearby town of Germantown.

title: Clermont State Historic Site


text: User talk:80.44.119.109

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:80.44.119.109


text:
The Orange Humble Band

The Orange Humble Band is an alternative rock band formed in early 1995, by Darryl Mather (ex-The Lime Spiders, The Someloves) on guitar. He was joined by Anthony Bautovich (Lonely Hearts), Mitch Easter (an American indie producer-manager) on vocals, and Ken Stringfellow (The Posies) on lead vocals. The group issued two albums, Assorted Creams (1997) and Humblin' (Across America) (2001) before disbanding later that year. They reformed in March 2012 and issued a third album, Depressing Beauty, in May 2015.

Biography
The Orange Humble Band's founding mainstay, Darryl Mather (ex-Lime Spiders (1979–82)), had returned to the music scene in 1994, following a three-year absence after the break-up of his previous band, The Someloves (1986–90). He had more than an album's worth of new songs, which he took to his friend, Bill Gibson. Early in 1995 Mather with Gibson on bass guitar formed The Orange Humble Band in Sydney.

Recording of their debut album, Assorted Creams, started at 48 Volts and Charing Cross Studios, Sydney, with Anthony Bautovich (ex-Lonely Hearts) on vocals, Matt Galvin on lead guitar and Peter Kelly on drums. The final recordings took place in Mitch Easter's studios in North Carolina at Brickhenge and Reflection Studios in October 1996. Easter provided vocals, prior to Ken Stringfellow (ex-The Posies) being recruited. Assorted Creams was released in 1997 on the Half a Cow label in Australia, and on 14 July 1998 in the United States. Australian musicologist, Ian McFarlane, described it as "full of chiming guitars and sunshine-drenched 1960s melodies." James Chrispell of AllMusic found it was "a decidedly updated version of good-time music. Song after song comes along with a great melody and some interesting hippie-esque lyrics; here, there, and everywhere, there are hooks, hooks, and more hooks."

The album provided their first single, "Apple Green Slice Cut", in August 1998, which was followed by a five-track extended play, Down in Your Dreams. Alongside the title track, Chrispell felt the group "enhance their musical knowledge of pop by adding four extra tracks that vary in length and sound... A very nice added bonus for anyone who has picked up on one of Australia's little secrets of joy." One of its tracks, "Step on the Gas", had appeared on a Various Artist's compilation album, Cop It Sweet, on Antfarm Records in 1997.

The band's second album, Humblin’ (Across America) appeared in 2001, with work commencing on it eighteen months earlier. The line-up of Mather, Bautovich, Easter and Stringfellow were joined by Jody Stephens (Big Star, Golden Smog) on drums and Jamie Hoover (The Spongetones) on bass guitar. Spooner Oldham (Dan Penn, Aretha Franklin, Neil Young), and Jim Dickinson provided organ and piano on several tracks. Carmine Pascuzzi of Mediasearch website determined that "the listener is taken on an engaging journey. The whole exercise works cohesively. The country rock and rootsy atmospheres are very simple and effective, from the adept musicianship." Ahead of the album, in 2000, they issued a single, "Any Way You Want It", which included three non-album B-sides. By the end of the following year the group had disbanded.

In March 2012 Mather attended a preview of a documentary, Big Star: Nothing Can Hurt Me, at SXSW as guest of Stephens, where together with Easter and Stringfellow they agreed to reform The Orange Humble Band. Mather returned to Australia to write songs for a new album. Whilst preparing material, he contacted Dwight Twilley with a view to recording the latter's song, "You Close Your Eyes". Twilley agreed and additionally offered to help Mather write bridge sections for two of the new tracks and to appear as a guest backing vocalist. The Orange Humble Band recorded their third album in October 2012 at Ardent Studios in Memphis, which was produced by Easter. The album, Depressing Beauty, was released on 22 May 2015 via Citadel Records. The line-up comprised Mather, Easter, Stephens and Stringfellow joined by Jon Auer (The Posies, Big Star) on guitars, backing vocals and keyboards; Dave Smith (Cat Power) on bass guitar; and Rick Steff (Lucero) on piano and keyboards.

Members

 * Bill Gibson – bass guitar
 * Darryl Mather – acoustic guitar
 * Mitch Easter – lead guitar, lead vocals, engineer, mixing, producer
 * Ken Stringfellow – lead vocals
 * Anthony Bautovich – lead guitar, backing vocals
 * Matt Galvin – lead guitar
 * Peter Kelly – drums
 * Jody Stephens – drums
 * Spooner Oldham – organ (Hammond), piano, Wurlitzer
 * Jamie Hoover – mandolin, backing vocals
 * Jim Dickinson – bass guitar
 * Jon Auer – guitars, backing vocals, keyboards
 * Dave Smith – bass guitar
 * Rick Steff – piano, keyboards

Albums

 * Assorted Creams – Half a Cow (1997)
 * Humblin' (Across America) – Half a Cow (2001)
 * Depressing Beauty – Citadel (22 May 2015)

Extended plays

 * Down in Your Dreams – Half a Cow (1998)

Singles

 * "Apple Green Slice Cut" – Half a Cow (August 1998)
 * "Any Way You Want It" – Half a Cow (2000)

title: The Orange Humble Band


text:
Talk:Communication studies

Wiki Education assignment: Introduction to Technical and Professional Communication
— Assignment last updated by Savmanbanans (talk) 17:29, 7 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Communication studies


text:
User talk:Prsgoddess187

 * Archive 1: September 2005 to December 2005
 * Archive 2: January 2006 to March 2006
 * Archive 3: April 2006 to May 2006
 * Archive 4: June 2006 to August 2006
 * Archive 5: September 2006 to January 2010

A welcome from Sango123
Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions; I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We're glad to have you in our community! Here are a few good links for newcomers:

 * If you haven't already, drop by the New user log and tell others a bit about yourself.
 * Always sign your posts on talk pages! That way, others will know who left which comments.
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * Simplified Ruleset
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Wikipedia Glossary
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also the Topical index.

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Though we all make goofy mistakes, here is what Wikipedia is not. If you have any questions or concerns, don't hesitate to see the help pages or add a question to the village pump. The Community Portal can also be very useful.

Happy Wiki-ing!

-- Sango  123  17:27, August 22, 2005 (UTC)

P.S. Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you need help with anything or simply wish to say hello. :)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:09, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:33, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Prsgoddess187


text:
Ʊ

The letter Ʊ (minuscule: ʊ), called horseshoe or sometimes bucket, inverted omega or Latin upsilon, is a letter of the International Phonetic Alphabet used to transcribe a near-close near-back rounded vowel. Graphically, the lower case is a turned small-capital Greek letter omega (Ω) in many typefaces (e.g. Arial, Calibri, Candara, Liberation, Lucida, Noto, Times New Roman), and historically it derives from a small-capital Latin U (ᴜ), with the serifs exaggerated to make them more visible. However, Geoffrey Pullum interpreted it as an IPA variant of the Greek letter upsilon (υ) and called it Latin upsilon, the name that would be adopted by Unicode, though in IPA an actual Greek upsilon is also used for the voiced labiodental approximant; Pullum called this letter script V and Unicode calls it Ʋ|V with hook.

Horseshoe is used in the African reference alphabet, and national alphabets such as those of Anii and Tem. It most often has the value of /u/ with retracted tongue root.

Use on computers
The majuscule and the minuscule are located at U+01B1 and U+028A in Unicode, respectively.

Derived characters are and.

title: Ʊ


text:
Black Sheep (rock band)

Black Sheep was an American, Rochester, New York-based, 1970s rock music band, one of vocalist Lou Gramm's early working bands (it followed Poor Heart, which broke up c. 1970). The group released the single "Stick Around" in 1974, the album Black Sheep in 1975, and the album Encouraging Words in late 1975. They were invited to open for Kiss on tour, but a truck accident destroyed their equipment. The band was no longer performing when Gramm was invited by Mick Jones to join the band Foreigner in 1976. Don Mancuso and Ron Rocco were later members of Cheater, a local hard rock band from Rochester that released a 10-inch record entitled Ten Cent Love Affair in 1980 on Mallard Records.

Black Sheep's bass player Bruce Turgon played on Lou Gramm's solo albums in the late 1980s (which also featured contributions from another Black Sheep alumnus, guitarist Don Mancuso) and joined Gramm in one of Foreigner's later incarnations, in 1992.

"Black Sheep" (1975) - Capitol Records / Capitol ST-11369

 * Side One
 * 1) "Payin' Yer Dues" - (Lou Grammatico, Don Mancuso, Larry Crozier, Ron Rocco) - 4:08
 * 2) "Broken Promises" - (Grammatico, Crozier, Bruce Turgon) - 3:20
 * 3) "Woman Back Home" - (Grammatico, Turgon) - 3:20
 * 4) "Piano Prelude" - (Crozier) - 1:04
 * 5) "Let Me Stay" - (Grammatico, Turgon) - 7:15
 * Side Two
 * 1) "Power To Heal" - (Grammatico, Turgon) - 3:19
 * 2) "Far Side Of The Sun" - (Grammatico, Mancuso, Rocco) - 6:56
 * 3) "A Little Or A Lot" - (Grammatico, Mancuso, Turgon) - 3:34
 * 4) "Freight Train" - (Grammatico, Mancuso, Rocco) - 3:00
 * 5) "Woman" - (Paul Rodgers, Andy Fraser) - 8:19 - Cover of the sixth track of Free's self-titled second album

 * Personnel
 * Lou Grammatico - vocals
 * Don Mancuso - guitar
 * Larry Crozier - keyboards
 * Bruce Turgon - bass
 * Ron Rocco - drums

"Encouraging Words" (1975) - Capitol Records / Capitol ST-11447

 * Side One
 * 1) "Halfway Home" - (Lou Grammatico, Bruce Turgon) - 4:19
 * 2) "Encouraging Words" - (Grammatico, Don Mancuso, Turgon) - 5:27
 * 3) "To Whom It May Concern" - (Grammatico, Larry Crozier) - 3:51
 * 4) "No Worry, No Pain" - (Grammatico, Turgon) - 4:11
 * 5) "When It All Makes Sense" - (Grammatico, Crozier) - 4:24
 * Side Two
 * 1) "The Change" - (Turgon) - 5:13
 * 2) "All I Am" - (Turgon) - 3:35
 * 3) "Shauna" - (Grammatico, Mancuso) - 3:44
 * 4) "Chain On Me" - (Grammatico, Mancuso) - 4:21

 * Personnel
 * Lou Grammatico - vocals
 * Don Mancuso - guitar
 * Larry Crozier - keyboards
 * Bruce Turgon - bass
 * Mike Bonafede - drums

title: Black Sheep (rock band)


text:
User talk:Clarence Thomas

A welcome from Sango123
Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions; I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We're glad to have you in our community! Here are a few good links for newcomers:

 * If you haven't already, drop by the New user log and tell others a bit about yourself.
 * Always sign your posts on talk pages! That way, others will know who left which comments.
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * Simplified Ruleset
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Wikipedia Glossary
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also the Topical index.

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Though we all make goofy mistakes, here is what Wikipedia is not. If you have any questions or concerns, don't hesitate to see the help pages or add a question to the village pump. The Community Portal can also be very useful.

Happy Wiki-ing!

-- Sango  123  17:28, August 22, 2005 (UTC)

P.S. Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you need help with anything or simply wish to say hello. :)

Username
Hey, it's not a very good idea for your user name to be the name of a famous person, unless that is really your name (even, then, better to use a middle initial if possible, etc.) Why don't you change it to your real name, or, if you're uncomfortable with that, some nondescript, ordinary-sounding name? If you are choosing a pseudonym, please do not use the names of famous people or fictional characters. An obscure literary reference is probably all right. As always, please avoid anything that could be considered offensive or inappropriate. Let me know if you have any questions. - Nat Krause 11:07, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

How to change your username.
Well, sign up for a new one and ask any admin to delete the old one. Cheers! BD2412 talk 06:55, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

Hi. This suggestion doesn't actually change my name. And while I agree that wikipedia discourages using another name, it does not prohibit this practice outright.

I will consider whether or not to get a new name. I don't really see much point in deleting the old one.

Clarence Thomas

 * You could set yourself up with a pseudonym, or, as BD2412 suggested, just ask an admin to change your name to something else while retaining your userdata. Have fun on Wikipedia; hope you enjoy it! - Sensor 02:04, 25 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Actually, you can request a change of name (while preserving your edit history) at Changing username. Only a bureaucrat can do this, but they usually will, and within a few days of the request at that. BD2412  T 15:29, 22 June 2006 (UTC)

RfC for "Ekman"
Hi, I've completed a draft of a user conduct RfC for the guy claiming to be Peter Ekman and I would like your input. I'm wondering if this is something you could endorse, or even act as a basis-certifier. Thanks, Dsol 21:50, 15 November 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Clarence Thomas


text: Category:Pan-African Parliament

title: Category:Pan-African Parliament


text:
Internet Messaging Program

The Internet Messaging Program or IMP is a webmail client. It can be used to access e-mail stored on an IMAP server. IMP is written in PHP and a component of the collaborative software suite Horde.

It is included with cPanel and Plesk installations as a webmail client. It often integrates email, calendar, address book, notes, tasks, filters and a newsreader with cPanel.

Internet Messaging Program is free and open-source software subject to the terms of the GPL-2.0-only license.

Features

 * Dynamic (AJAX) view
 * Mobile smartphone view
 * Minimal (text-only) view
 * HTML message composition with a cross-browser WYSIWYG editor
 * Drag/drop attachment support into WYSIWYG editor
 * HTML signatures
 * High performance
 * Robust IMAP support, utilizing advanced server features
 * Flexible message search
 * Address autocompletion
 * Spell checking
 * Sending of attachments via download link, instead of embedding in message
 * Thread view
 * Message previews in mailbox view
 * Desktop like user interface and navigation (also via keyboard)
 * IMAP folder support
 * Management of shared IMAP folders (ACLs)
 * Folder subscriptions
 * Various identities
 * Alias and "tied to" addresses in user identities
 * Integration with e-mail filtering
 * Integration with addressbook
 * Integration with calendar
 * S/MIME and PGP based encryption and signatures
 * Mailbox quotas
 * Ability to forward multiple messages at once
 * Download of attachments as ZIP archive
 * Stripping of attachments from messages
 * Preview of attachments in compose view
 * Priority settings for composed messages
 * Message flags
 * Graphical emoticons and country flags in message view
 * Available in many languages
 * Full charset support

History
Chuck Hagenbuch published a first version of IMP on Freshmeat in 1998. A constant stream of feature requests not all fitting for a webmail application led to the development of a more generic web application backbone: the Horde framework. The release of IMP 3.0 and Horde 2.0 was the first one with two truly separate components. Since then any deployment of IMP can only run on top of a Horde installation.

SAPO uses IMP to provide several million users with a webmail platform. The company also sponsored the initial development of the dynamic AJAX variant of IMP which was released as a separate package - named DIMP - with the release of Horde 3.2.

Support for mobile clients was provided within 2006 for the first time. At that time a WAP based mobile view was provided by a separate package called MIMP.

With the release of Horde 4.0 the three existing views were collapsed into the original IMP package again. In addition another mobile view for smartphones was added based on the jQuery Mobile JavaScript framework.

title: Internet Messaging Program


text: Talk:B5289 road

title: Talk:B5289 road


text:
User:Nimrauko

About Me
29 Year old Jewish LGBT Cajun.

Contact
my email is:

kissfan50428@yahoo.com

My Instant Messenger S/N's are: Yahoo: Kissfan50428 MSN: nimrauko2004@hotmail.com AIM: highpriestofRA

Test Blog2
Have you ever heard of Dr.Ray Brown and the Crystal pyramid he found in the 1970’s? No? Good. I will give you a bit of information about him and this pyramid.

In 1970, Dr. Ray Brown, a naturopathic practitioner from Mesa, Arizona, was allegedly scuba diving with friends near the Bahamas, in an area 20 miles from the edge of a submarine drop-off called the Tongue of the Ocean.

During the dive, Brown became separated from his companions, and in trying to rejoin them, suddenly saw a strange pyramid shape looming up against the aquamarine light. The pyramid was situated 22 fathoms down, stood 120 feet high, with only 90 feet projecting out of the sea floor shifting sands. Brown was at first struck by how smooth and mirror-like the stone surface of the structure was, with the joints between the individual blocks almost indiscernible.

Swimming about the capstone, which the Arizona diver thought looked like lapis lazuli, he discovered an entranceway and decided to explore further. Passing along a narrow hallway, Brown finally came to a small rectangular room with a pyramid-shaped ceiling. What was amazing was that the room contained no algae or coral growing on the inner walls. They were completely spotless.

In addition, though Brown had brought no flashlight, he could nevertheless see everything in the room perfectly. It was very bright and well lit, but no direct light source was visible. Brown’s attention was drawn to a brassy metallic rod 3 inches in diameter hanging down from the apex of the center, and at its end was attached a many-faceted red gem, which came to a point. Directly below the rod and gem, sitting in the middle of the room was a stand of carved stone topped by a stone plate with scrolled ends.

On the plate rested a pair of carved metal bronze-colored hands, life-sized, which appeared blackened and burnt, as if having been subjected to tremendous heat. Nestled in the hands, and situated 4 feet directly below the ceiling rod gem point, was a crystal sphere 3-1/2 inches in diameter.

Brown first attempted to pry loose the ceiling rod and red gemstone, but neither would budge. Turning back to the crystal sphere he found it easily separated from the bronze hand holders, and left the pyramid with it. As he departed, Brown felt a presence, and heard a voice from somewhere telling him never to return.

Fearing that his unusual prize might be confiscated as salvage-treasure by the U.S. government, Dr. Brown did not disclose the existence of the strange crystal or his experiences until 1975, when he exhibited the crystal for the first time.

He displayed the crystal only a half dozen times, but each time witnesses have seen or have been sensitive to strange phenomena directly associated with it.

Deep inside the crystal form one gazes upon three pyramid images, one in front of the other, in decreasing sizes.

Some, entering into a meditative or alpha brainwave state of consciousness, are able to clearly see a fourth pyramid, in the foreground of the other three.

The significance of the image may have been hinted at by psychic Elizabeth Bacon of New York. In a trance reading on the mysterious sphere, she received the message that the object had once belonged to Thoth, the Egyptian god who allegedly buried a secret vault of knowledge near the three great Pyramids of Giza at the beginning of time.

One might view this as a ‘record keeper crystal’ and ‘three’ as third dimension. ‘Subterranean’ is an archetype for ‘the sea of creation’ - collective unconsciousness - grid matrix of our reality - frequency Hall of Records, etc.

Do the positions of the three pyramid images in the crystal hold a key to finding a fourth, as yet unfound subterranean pyramid, that is the fabled Hall of Records? I don’t think so, but this story is laced with metaphors found throughout Crystalinks’ files.

From the side, the internal images dissolve into thousands of tiny fracture lines, and Brown feels these may be electrical in nature, like some form of microscopic circuitry. From still another angle, and under special conditions, many witnesses have been able to see a large single human eye staring out serenely at them. Allegedly photographs of this eye have also been taken. Dr. Brown’s crystal sphere is the source of a variety of paranormal events. People have felt breezes of ionic winds blowing close to it; cold and warm layers surround it at various distances; other witnesses have been phantom lights, heard voices, or felt strange tingling sensations around it. A compass needle placed next to the sphere will spin counterclockwise, then begin turning in the opposite direction when moved only two inches away.Metals are temporarily magnetized in close contact with it. There are even recorded instances where one person has been temporarily healed of an ailment by touching the crystal sphere, but then the next person to come into its range took on the symptoms of the ailment of the other person, as if the crystal could draw out and then activate human disorders at will.Just what the purpose of the crystal sphere was, and what role it once played in the enigmatic instrument Brown found inside the sunken Bahaman pyramid, remains a mystery, though of course there are some interesting possibilities.One idea proposed is that the sunken pyramid once attracted, accumulated and generated cosmic forces. The suspended rod may have conducted forces accumulated in the capstone; the faceted red gem at its end concentrated and projected the energy to the crystal sphere below it; and the burned and blackened hands, showing the evidence of an energy transfer, probably amplified the release of energies; while the crystal sphere acted as the tuner and broadcaster of the energies.All that we know for certain is that the crystal sphere Dr. Brown retrieved from this system is by itself testimony to a most sophisticated technology, for as experts at the Smithsonian Institute in Washington noted, the technology for cutting quartz stone to the perfection exhibited in the crystal sphere was not accomplished by our civilization until after 1900. (The Above information comes from Crystallinks.com)

Now this crystal of his has the power to heal those who touch it. It has ionic breezes and other paranormal occurrences linked to it. So who made the Crystal Pyramid? Who made the crystal? Both questions cant be answered with our current knowledge. However there are several possibilities of who the Creator of the Pyramid and Crystal could be. They are:

* Aliens from another planet * An ancient people from a long lost Civilization, such as Atlantis, Mu, or Lemuri. * People from the future using some sort of time travel devices or method created them using advanced knowledge.

But that says who could have made them. But what potential does the crystal have? Only time can tell. Research will have to be done on it, and its not even known if the crystal is even around today.

Last night I brought up in PI Chat, a theory of sorts. What if there was a link between Aliens and UFO’s with worsening or odd Weather Patterns and such phenomenon. “Thats preposterous” you might say. We know that the government has tried several times to control weather patterns, with chemicals and other things. So is it so far fetched that aliens or UFO’s could have something to do with the chaotic weather we have been having? I think not.

There are instances of weather control being implemented in the world today. Cloud seeding is a common technique intended to trigger rain, but evidence on its effectiveness is mixed. Critics generally contend that claimed successes occur in conditions which were going to rain anyway. It is used in several different countries, including the United States, the People’s Republic of China, and Russia. In the People’s Republic of China there is actually a perceived dependency upon it in dry regions, which believe they are actually increasing annual rainfall by firing silver iodide rockets into the sky where rain is desired. In the United States, dry ice or silver iodide may be injected into a cloud by aircraft, or even from the ground, in an attempt to increase rainfall; there are even companies dedicated to this form of weather modification.

So if we have methods now that are somewhat valid and prove to work even on a small scale, why is it impossible for us to think that Aliens or Advanced Life forms have this power to a greater extent (Either Inherently, or Technologically)

As far as expanding that theory, give me time and check back.

Test Blog
The Paranormal. It brings up images of "Ghost Busters". But that is simply not so. Misconceptions, or misinformation(Whether intentional or not) litter the Interweb and Books. There are mass volumes of complete and utter garbage on the Paranormal. Lets take for instance Ectoplasm. If you think its a real phenomenon you will be heavily ridiculed by the Paranormal Community. However, there are many books out there claiming its a reality. So I have said all that to say this, its our duty as the Paranormal Research Community, to put out valid information and to educate the masses as to what the reality of Paranormal Research really is, and what it is not. Now, I am not in any way claiming that we have all the answers. We dont. It would foolish to say we did. Really, the study of the paranormal, is the study of the unknown. I hope to inform you with my future posts, on the Paranormal, and dispel some of the myths.

My Website
[]

User Boxes
{|name="userboxes" id="userboxes" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-top: 0.5em; width: 242px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px; background-color: #FFFFFF; color: #000000; " align="left" ! General
 * - align="center"

title: User:Nimrauko


text:
K.F.C. Dessel Sport

Koninklijke Football Club Dessel Sport, or KFC Dessel Sport, is a Belgian association football club based in Dessel in the province of Antwerp. The club currently play in the Belgian National Division 1, the third tier of Belgian football.

Coaches

 * André Rooymans (1964–1965)
 * Alfons Leysen (1965–1967)
 * Charlie Feyen (1967–1971)
 * Robert Willems (1971–1973)
 * Staf Kauwenberghs (1973–1975)
 * Robert Willems (1975–1977)
 * Willy Van Cleemput (1977–1978)
 * Kamiel Van Damme (1978–1981)
 * Jos Weyts (1981)
 * Pierre Berx (1981–1982)
 * Julien Cools (1982–1983)
 * Swat Van Casteren (1983–1984)
 * René Desaeyere (1984–1985)
 * Robert Willems (1985–1986)
 * Willy Elsen (1986–1988)
 * Herman Franssen (1988–1990)
 * Kamiel Van Damme (1990–1990)
 * Herman Franssen (1990–1992)
 * Marcel Sterckx (1992–1992)
 * Luc Maes (1992–1993)
 * Dirk Verbraken (1993–1999)
 * 🏴 Colin Andrews (1999–2000)
 * Herman Helleputte (2000–2001)
 * Dirk Verbraken (2001–2003)
 * Gerard Plessers (2003)
 * Ives Serneels (2003–2006)
 * Ivo Toelen (2006–2007)
 * Luc Reumers (2007)
 * Dirk Verbraken (2007–2008)
 * Valère Billen (2008–2009)
 * Dany David (2009)
 * Michel Kenis (2009–2010)
 * Stijn Vreven (2010–2013)
 * Guido Brepoels (2013–2014)
 * Bart Wilmssen (2014–...)

title: K.F.C. Dessel Sport


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/There's more than one way to peel a banana

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. R e  dwolf24  (talk) 05:08, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

There's more than one way to peel a banana
Original research, neologism. -Satori 17:32, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: I don't think this counts as OR; it has some unverifiable facts (which is impressive for such a short article) but the point of the article is the phrase, not an analysis of it. Nonetheless, it is a neologism, and one with no significant cultural importance, at that. - Che Nuevara, the Democratic Revolutionary 21:15, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete, dic def. - Mgm|(talk) 18:50, August 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete CSD A1  --Outlander 19:41, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. nn neologism. ManoaChild 19:51, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * There's more than one way to delete a banana. Radiant_ >|< 15:28, August 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * There's really only the one, right? Delete. Tim Rhymeless (Er...let's shimmy)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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User:Robert Jarvis

THE JARVIS NAME

During the first millenium the Roman Catholic Church of Rome often employed the services of the family named GERRIUS, who were renowned for their writing abilities in producing legal and clerical documents. When the family began to question their faith they fell out of favor with the church. On threat of excommunication, they were forced to flee to France. Over time their name GERRIUS evolved into GERVAIS. They continued to pursue their profession.

Fra Tomas Tertius of the College of Heralds in England, wrote around 1500 A.D. that the GERVAIS (or Gervaise) family, griffoneurs and jongleurs {writers and musicians), during the reign of Filip lst of France (around 1160 A.D.}, and in order to live in harmony with their reformist (Protestant) beliefs, left France and settled in southwest Scotland at Annandale in Dumfrieshire. There they married into the Johnstone clan. As time passed the family spread southward into the midlands of England as their name continued to evolve, from Gervais into Jervis & Jarvis & Jarvice

For information on several famous family members (Admiral John Jervis, Earl of St. Vincent (1734-1823), William Jarvis (1756-1817) Secretary & Treasurer for the Province of Upper Canada, Major General Samuel Peters Jarvis (1820-1905) Companion of the Order of St. Michael & St. George, AEmilius Jarvis S.S.D. (1860-1940), the "Commodore", probably North America's finest fresh-water sailor (winning over 100 international events) contact Robert AE. Jarvis

title: User:Robert Jarvis


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Spelappee

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Sjakkalle (Check!)  07:42, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

Spelappee
This page seems to be nonsense, possibly slang used by some tiny group of people
 * Delete as a neologism apparently used by just a few. Joyous  (talk) 19:31, August 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - I imagine most forums develop slang of their own. On one I use undubdibe has entered the language due to someone's failed attempt to leave the mailing list. --bodnotbod 20:02, August 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete neologism. JDoorjam 23:24, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. hic! -- Visviva 02:52, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Childhood Memories (song)

"Childhood Memories" was the fourth single to be released by British Sea Power. Despite its low chart position and not being included on any album (reducing the numbers who know the song), it is a live favourite and it still appears occasionally in the band's setlists. The lyrics contrast with childlike structure of the music, dealing with the meltdown of a Nuclear power plant. This track was previously known as "Memories of Childhood!".Acoustic guitar and keyboards are prominent throughout the track. The 7" release was wrongly labeled as having "Favours in the Beetroot Fields" as the flipside, whereas it is actually "Strange Communication". It peaked at a lowly number 90 on the UK Singles Chart.

Track listings

 * 1) "Childhood Memories" (Yan/BSP) – 3:35
 * 2) "Favours in the Beetroot Fields" (Yan/BSP) – 1:19
 * 3) "Strange Communication" (Yan/BSP) – 4:07

7" Vinyl (RTRADES069)

 * 1) "Childhood Memories" (Yan/BSP) – 3:35
 * 2) "Strange Communication" (Yan/BSP) – 4:07

title: Childhood Memories (song)


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Nissan Motor Manufacturing UK

Nissan Motor Manufacturing (UK) Ltd (NMUK) is a British subsidiary car manufacturing plant in Sunderland. It is owned and operated by the European division of Japanese car manufacturer Nissan.

Geography
Nissan Motor Manufacturing UK is located in Sunderland, Tyne and Wear, in North East England. It was built on the site of the former RAF Usworth airfield near the A19 and A1231. The factory is adjacent to the UK Nissan Distribution Centre (NDS) and has a number of on-site suppliers. The landscaped NMUK site incorporates conservation areas, such as ponds, lakes and woodland, and currently has 10 onsite wind turbines of the Vestas V47/660 type, producing up to 10% of the energy required for the plant. The site is located 5 mi from the Port of Tyne where international distribution is also based.

History
Nissan had been importing cars from its native country Japan to the UK since 1968, under the Datsun brand (which was phased out between 1982 and 1984, when the Nissan brand took over completely). After a steady start, its market share rose dramatically from just over 6,000 car sales in 1971 to more than 30,000 a year later, and reaching 100,000 a year before the end of the decade, aided by competitive prices, good equipment levels and a reputation for producing reliable cars. The success of Datsun came at a time when the British car industry, particularly British Leyland, was blighted by strikes as well as reports of disappointing build quality and reliability of many of its cars.

In February 1984, Nissan and the UK government signed an agreement to build a car plant in the UK. The following month a 799 acre greenfield site in Sunderland, Tyne and Wear, was chosen. As an incentive the land was offered to Nissan at agricultural prices; around £1,800 per acre. The North East region of England had recently undergone a period of industrial decline, with the closure of most of the shipyards on the Wear and Tyne, and the closure of many coal mines on the once prosperous Durham coalfield. The high unemployment this caused meant Nissan had a large, eager, manufacturing-skilled workforce to draw upon. The site, once the Sunderland Airfield (formerly RAF Usworth), was close to ports on the Wear and Tyne, within easy driving distance of the international Newcastle Airport, and close to major trunk roads such as the A1 and A19, as well as major ports for the export of vehicles. The established company became known as Nissan Motor Manufacturing (UK) Ltd, or NMUK. A ground breaking ceremony took place in July, and work began on the site in November 1984, by building contractors Sir Robert McAlpine.

One of Nissan's more controversial demands during the talks was that the plant be single-union. This was unprecedented in UK industry. In April 1985, an agreement was reached with the Amalgamated Engineering Union (AEU). However, critics argue that this means the plant workforce is weakly represented, as workers are only members of one single union. Nissan argues that as a result of the single-union agreement, its workforce is much more flexible than at other plants, and it points to the fact that not a single minute has been lost to industrial disputes at the factory in more than 30 years of production – a stark contrast to the strikes which hit the likes of British Leyland during the 1970s.

In December 1985, McAlpine handed over the completed factory building to Nissan for the installation of machinery and factory components, ahead of schedule. Phase 1 of the plant construction was completed in July 1986, consisting of a body, paint and final assembly Line. The first Bluebird was produced shortly after and is on display at the Sunderland Museum and Winter Gardens. Official opening of the plant by then Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and Nissan President Yutaka Kume took place in September 1986. By February 1987, NMUK had become the sole supplier of the Bluebird model to the UK market, after a brief spell of importing Japanese built models, and work on phase two of the plant began, with plastics moulding and engine assembly beginning in 1988, and was completed in May 1990. This would prove to be a landmark year for the plant, with the introduction of the P10 Primera, the first model to be wholly built at NMUK, replacing the Bluebird and going into production that summer. By 1991, despite the recession, the plant turned its first profit of £18.4 million, and was awarded 'British Manufacturer' status by the Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders (SMMT). Around this time, Nissan ended its relationship with Octav Botnar and the Automotive Financial Group (AFG), which had been its UK import concessionaire since 1970, and brought the import and distribution business in-house, basing it at the Sunderland plant. In August 1992, the plant began to produce two models, with the introduction of the highly successful Micra, which was the first car of a Japanese brand to be voted "European Car of the Year". The Micra proved particularly popular with British and continental buyers, and was in production for a whole decade until the launch of the next generation Micra.

The early 21st century was a period of growth for the plant, with the plant being awarded contracts to build the updated Almera from the end of 1999, becoming a three-model plant, and continuation of the Micra and Primera model changes. The Micra C+C was also produced there after the introduction of a new Micra hatchback at the end of 2002.

Late 2005 saw the introduction of the Note model, and a year later came the demise of the Almera and the introduction of the Qashqai. At this point, NMUK had built a reputation for being the most efficient plant in Europe.

The Primera five-door model had the distinction of being the first model built at NMUK to be exported to the Japanese market. By 2008, however, falling sales led to its demise (UK sales had finished two years earlier). The Qashqai became the main model for the plant, with such high demand that a night shift was introduced to keep up. Nearly 5,000 workers were employed at the plant by this stage; albeit 1,200 of them were made redundant in January 2009 as a result of the recession which saw demand for new cars slump.

Despite a temporary suspension of the third shift due to the automotive industry crisis of 2008, the third shift was reintroduced, and the strong demand for the Qashqai has helped NMUK remain strong throughout the crisis.

After the crisis, Nissan announced that the new Juke model would be built starting in July 2010, replacing the Micra (now produced in Chennai, India) and that NMUK would be the European manufacturing location for the Electric Vehicle Leaf model beginning in 2011, as well as an on-site lithium-ion battery manufacturing facility for an investment of £420 million (US$636 million), backed by the U.K. government. 2013 saw the introduction of the second-generation Note and Qashqai.

Nissan's Sunderland plant in northeast England will play an important role in the firm's future, executives said in May 2020, despite plans to downsize elsewhere in Europe.

In July 2021, Nissan announced plans to create 400 jobs at the Sunderland factory site to build a new electric vehicle and models such as the Juke, Qashqai and the Leaf. This development forms part of plans to create 6,000 new jobs in Sunderland at Nissan and among its suppliers, under a blueprint announced by the company earlier in July as it invests £1bn to develop an electric vehicle manufacturing hub in the United Kingdom.

Current models

 * Nissan Qashqai (2006–present)
 * Nissan Juke (2010–present)
 * Nissan Leaf (2012–present)

Former models

 * Nissan Bluebird (1986–1990)
 * Nissan Primera (1990–2008)
 * Nissan Micra (1992–2010)
 * Nissan Almera (2000–2006)
 * Nissan Note (2005–2017)
 * Infiniti Q30 (2015–2019)
 * Infiniti QX30 (2016–2019)

Production by model
According to Richard Aucock of Motoring Research, NMUK produced 507,444 cars at their Sunderland plant during 2016, making it the 2nd largest UK manufacturer behind Jaguar Land Rover. JLR reportedly produced 544,401 cars during the same period. No breakdown of figures to illustrate volumes per model have been published yet.

Plant functions
NMUK is split into three logical areas: Body Assembly, Paint and Final Assembly. Each is further broken down into areas known as 'shops'.

Press shop

The first shop in the manufacturing process, the Press Shop is responsible for pressing the outer and inner body panels of the vehicle. NMUK houses a 5,000 tonne press capable of pressing two panels simultaneously – one of only two in use in any Nissan plant.

Body shop

Linked directly to the Press Shop, the Body Shop is a highly automated section of the factory with over 500 robots in operation. Pressed-panels are welded together to create complete body shells.

Body Paint shop

Body shells are painted in a semi-clean environment using solvent-based paint. Shells are dipped in chemical tanks to cleanse them of any oils picked up on the panels during their manufacture in Body Shop. Once bodies have been dipped and cleansed, they are then immersed in an anti-corrosion paint dip called ED (Electrocoat Dip). This 'dip' coats the entire body, both inside and outside, and is the first paint coating it will receive. Once the 'dipped' body has been stoved in the ED oven, the body progresses to the 'Sealing' Booth. In this booth, the body has its interior panel joints, floor, tailgate, hood and door edges sealed with a PVC based sealant to prevent water ingress and corrosion as the car is driven on the road. Also within this zone, sound pads are added to the floor and boot to reduce road noise (standard practice in the motor industry).

The next booth it enters is the 'Underbody' Booth. In this booth, similar to 'Sealing' Booth, the body's wheel arches are sealed using the same PVC based sealant. Robots then apply the underseal to the underfloor and wheel arches. Also robots are used to apply the SGC (Stone Guard Coat) layer to the sills: this coating is designed for abrasion resistance, i.e. preventing stone chips, scuffs, etc. From here, the body proceeds into the Undercoat Oven. The next zone is 'ED Sanding' booth where the body is inspected for any minor imperfections received in the ED Coat. The next zone is the 'Surfacer' Booth, where the body receives its second coat of paint, this being the Surfacer Coat, then into the Surfacer Oven. Next is 'Surfacer Sanding' Booth: the same as ED Sanding, this zone inspects the body for any imperfections picked up within the Surfacer coating. Next comes the 'Topcoat' Booth, where the body receives its final coats of paint, these being Topcoat and Clearcoat layers. After being stoved in the Topcoat oven, the body then enters the 'Touch-up' Booth where the body has its final inspection for any imperfections picked up in the Topcoat process. Once the body leaves here, it then moves on to the PBS (Painted Body Store) above Trim and Chassis to await the next step in the production process.

Over £10m has been invested into the Paint Shop, in readiness for the upcoming introduction of Infiniti models Q30 & QX30, making Nissan Sunderland, the first plant outside Japan to produce this luxury brand, alongside its current models.

Plastics shop

Plastic components such as bumpers are injection-moulded on site.

Plastic Paint Shop

Bumpers molded in the Plastics shop are painted in the Plastic Paint shop which directly feeds Trim & chassis. The shop uses a combination of manual sprayers and robots to coat up to 900 bumper sets per shift. The process in Plastic Paint is similar to body paint, the parts are washed in a Powerwash facility before being masked (dependent on trim level). From here the parts are painted with primer, then basecoat, some colours get two coats of basecoat at different stations (Pearlescent effect). Then all part receive a layer of clearcoat before being stoved in an oven.

Casting shop

Aluminium engine components such as cylinder heads are produced in the state-of-the-art Casting plant.

Unit shop

1.2 turbo, 1.2 supercharged, 1.6 and 2.0 litre petrol engines are built on-site on the Unit Assembly line. The cylinder heads and camshafts are machined along the machining line before being shipped to the Assembly line. The Unit Shop contains its own engine testing areas. Diesel engines are no longer produced at NMUK.

Axle shop

A second welding facility costing over £5m is currently being built to ease demand on the Axle Shop for Qashqai.

Trim & chassis

There are two parallel assembly lines in NMUK: Line 2 currently handles the Juke and Qashqai after recently ceasing to make the Q30 and the QX30 ; Line 1 handles the Qashqai and Leaf. Painted bodies are stored in a large holding area called PBS (Painted Body Store), and are released in a specific scheduled sequence. They are brought into Trim & Chassis on suspended cradles. Each body moves through the assembly line and is fitted with interior (Trim), and exterior (Chassis) components. At one point in the process, the bodies are 'married' to a sub-assembled engine and subframe. Completed vehicles are sent down a Final Line, where all aspects of the car, from brakes to waterproofing, are tested. The car is then driven off-line to a holding area, ready to be distributed to a dealer.

Offices
Although the plant is made up primarily of manufacturing areas, there is also a large office complex, housing supporting functions including: Personnel, Community Relations, Production Control, Engineering, Finance, Purchasing and Information Systems. Some of these support functions, including Purchasing, Finance and Information Systems are not just responsible for NMUK but for Nissan Europe as well. During a company restructuring exercise in 2003, large parts of the Purchasing department were relocated to Cranfield. This angered many in the plant, but widespread industrial action was avoided. In 2005, parts of the Finance department were relocated to Budapest in Hungary. In both instances, NMUK adopted a policy of finding new jobs in other departments for those who did not want to relocate.

Information technology
NMUK relies heavily on information technology to function. Computer-controlled robots and other machinery, particularly in the body shop, are vital to production. These machines are maintained and controlled by specialist engineering teams. Other functions, such as the complex scheduling of vehicles, parts control and ordering, vehicle tracking, etc. are managed by software written in-house. Most of the software resides on an IBM mainframe computer. This mainframe is not just responsible for NMUK; it controls business functions across the Europe region, including NMUK's sister plant, NMISA, based in Barcelona, Spain. The mainframe is located within the European Data Centre (EDC), which houses and maintains the mainframe and over 50 servers.

Workforce and productivity
NMUK is one of the most productive car plants in Europe, producing more cars per worker than any other factory. There are 7000 staff directly employed by NMUK, and approximately 500 contracted, indirect staff. Employees at NMUK work a standard 39-hour week. While Office staff work on a fixed day shift basis, manufacturing staff work alternating morning and evening shifts. Morning shifts run from 7 am to 3:18 pm. Evening shifts run from approximately 4:35 pm to 12:53 am. Shift times can vary depending on requirements. When required, overtime is worked, although it balanced out during the year with planned downtime.

A 3-shift system has been introduced at times of high demand, meaning that the factory is active 24 hours a day. This is something that is only introduced if NMUK officials can be sure demand is high enough. Line 1 ran three shift production from August 2008 to the start of January 2009 to meet unprecedented demand for the Qashqai, however due to the credit crunch and falling orders the third shift was suspended and people released by voluntary redundancy. Line 1 reintroduced the 3rd shift from Jan 2010 until December 2019. This was removed due to the volatility of the car market.

Staff at NMUK use a number of methods to ensure productivity remains high. Three of the main ones are Kaizen, Just in Time and Job Rotation.

In July 2011, Nissan announced that it would be recruiting a further 200 jobs at the plant to deal with "record" levels of production.

Kaizen

Kaizen is a Japanese word meaning Continuous Improvement. NMUK encourages all of its workforce to seek out areas in which improvements in their working environment, no matter how small, can be made. For example, a line-worker may have to bend down to pick a part out of a box as each vehicle goes past. This could have health and safety implications, as well as wasting time. Kaizen teams would then investigate, and possibly introduce a method in which the box is stored at an optimum height, within easy reach of the line-worker. Kaizen teams are based in every department. The emphasis is on small, manageable improvements, although large Kaizen projects have been undertaken, e.g. platforms that follow the vehicle down the line to prevent workers from having to walk alongside it while working.

Just in Time (JIT)

The JIT philosophy, encourages the use of the minimum amount of resources (e.g. space, time, material, workers) necessary to add value to a product. NMUK uses this management technique throughout the factory and beyond. Synchronous Suppliers deliver parts line-side only when they are required, therefore reducing the need to store large supplies of parts at great cost.

Job rotation

To keep the workforce flexible, NMUK operates a policy of '1 worker -> 3 jobs, 3 workers -> 1 job'. In other words, a worker should be competent in at least three different jobs, and at least three people should be capable of doing each job. This principle ensures that each job can be covered in the case of absence. It also means that jobs can be regularly rotated to prevent a worker from becoming bored in a particular role.

Training
In accordance with its Investors in People responsibilities, NMUK has a strong Training department and offers a wide range of on and off the job training. The Flexible Learning Centre established on-site is open to all staff and allows them to take part in over 300 courses.

Technical on-the-job training is available to all staff, and most of the courses are given on-site by qualified trainers. People-development courses (e.g. presentation skills) are also provided. NMUK spends more per head on staff-development than the British industry average.

NMUK has a Continuous Development Programme (CDP) whereby staff are given personal and professional objectives every year, and are appraised against the objects. This appraisal is linked to pay increases. This is also an opportunity for staff to identify where further training may be appropriate.

title: Nissan Motor Manufacturing UK


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Wolf Haven International

Wolf Haven International, previously known as Wolf Country and Wolf Haven America, is a wolf sanctuary and 501(c)(3) non-profit organization headquartered in Tenino, Washington. Founded in 1982 by Steve and Linda Kuntz, the organization provides educational programs on wolves, engages in wolf-related activism, and operates as a sanctuary for displaced, captive-born wolves. It also fosters and participates in captive-breeding programs for two highly endangered types of wolves: the red wolf and the Mexican wolf. Wolf Haven is one of three facilities in the United States that provides pre-release housing for Mexican gray wolves bred for Southwest restoration programs.

Over 55 animals live on its 82 acre refuge, and a smaller public area can be toured by visitors with reservations. These include gray wolves, Mexican wolves, red wolves, wolfdogs and two coyotes. With the recent acquisition of a second wolf sanctuary in Bridger, Montana, which has 35 wolves, Wolf Haven International cares for nearly 100 animals.

Foundation
Steve and Linda Kuntz, who are considered the founders of Wolf Haven International, first became involved with wolves after purchasing a wolf pup while living in Colorado in 1978, having no idea that wolves were endangered at the time. They would later meet and befriend Ed Andrews and his wife, two naturalists who ran Wolf Country Foundation, an educational organization that also provided homes for eight wolves in their care. The wolves had been acquired from research programs, federal agencies, and the Fairbanks Zoo after it went bankrupt and ceased operation.

In 1980, the Andrews moved from Colorado, stating it was too expensive to operate there. At the time, the Colorado wildlife authorities stated that they had begun investigating the couple's activities, which were halted by their moving. The couple originally went to Jackson Hole, Wyoming, but were denied a permit to import the wolves into the area and were forced to leave. The Andrews then moved to Washington state, setting up their compound on 4 acre of land in South Prairie. Their neighbors, primarily ranchers, objected to the new facility, and complained that the wolves were noisy. One neighbor killed two of the Andrews pet Doberman Pinschers, claiming the dogs were on his land and had killed his wife's cat. Though the facility was legal by state standards, the city passed an ordinance requiring the Andrews to obtain their neighbors' approval for it.

The city later passed an ordinance making it illegal to own wolves, so the group packed up once again, relocating to Tenino, Washington (near Olympia), with its now 22-strong pack of wolves. With thousands of yards between the wolf pens and the nearest neighbors, the group was able to settle in and find acceptance on land donated by an anonymous supporter. The Kuntzes joined the Andrews as their assistants, and the volunteers of Wolf Haven continued giving educational lectures and caring for captive-bred wolves needing homes. After Wolf Haven's arrival, Washington also made it illegal to own wolves, but the organization was granted an exemption.

In early 1982, the Andrews turned the organization over to the Kuntzes, who incorporated it as a nonprofit organization, Wolf Haven America, on September 10, 1982. Operated by volunteers, it continued focusing on the dual purposes of education and housing wolves that might otherwise be destroyed. By 1990, the group was renamed Wolf Haven International, to reflect its dedication to wolves around the world, and expanded to have a dedicated board of directors and paid staff positions. According to the organization, it has provided a home to over 250 wolves that were rescued from "roadside zoos, animal collectors, private owners, research and other facilities."

In 2018, Wolf Haven acquired a second existing wolf sanctuary, formerly known as the McCleery Buffalo Wolf Foundation, located in Bridger, Montana. Now called the McCleery Ranch, the sanctuary is home to 35 wolves.

Organizational model
Wolf Haven International operates under a license issued by the USDA. Staffed primarily by volunteers and 16 paid staff, its overall operations are managed by a board of directors, led by an executive director.

Activities
Wolf Haven International was accredited by the American Sanctuary Association (ASA) in 2014 and the Global Federation of Animal Sanctuaries (GFAS) in 2015. Wolf Haven is the only wolf sanctuary in the world to earn global accreditation.

The photo essay book Wolf Haven: Sanctuary and the Future of Wolves in North America, with photos by Annie Marie Musselman and essay by Brenda Peterson, was published by Sasquatch Books in 2016. A follow-up children's book by the same people, called Lobos, A Wolf Family Returns to the Wild, told the true story of a family of Mexican gray wolves born at Wolf Haven and released into the wild in Mexico.

According to The Olympian, Wolf Haven International is "one of the top wolf sanctuaries in the country". When the center first opened, it housed 22 wolves. By 1991, it was up to 36 wolves, and in 2006 the 80 acre compound housed 47 wolves. Approximately 12,000 visitors tour the facility each year. A variety of wolves are kept in residence, including, gray wolves, Mexican gray wolves, and red wolves. There are also some wolfdogs. While wolves generally live 4–9 years in the wild, those at Wolf Haven International have lived to reach 15–19 years of age.

Wolf Haven publishes a quarterly magazine, Wolf Tracks, which is distributed to donating members. The Winter 2009 issue won an APEX Award for Publication Excellence in the "One-of-a-Kind Scientific & Environmental Publications". In 2006, Wolf Haven was featured as one of Rand McNally's "50 Adventures Within 15 Minutes of Interstate (Interstate 5)."

title: Wolf Haven International


text:
Talk:Nissan Motor Manufacturing UK

Location of NMUK
Is there a reason that the location of Nissan UK and various models produced there is always given as Washington and the factory described as their Washington plant, when Nissan never refer to it as anything other than their Sunderland plant? Even the sign at the entrance to the complex says "Nissan Sunderland". I know that Washington is part of the City of Sunderland but it seems strange to insist the factory is in Washington. On checking Google Earth, the distance from the middle of the complex to The Galleries in Washington is only just over half a mile less then the distance from the factory to the centre of the city of Sunderland. Added to this is the proximity to Sunderland housing estates which are immediately over the A19 - i.e. much closer than Washington housing. Another point is the confusion to readers globally by insisting on using the Washington nomenclature. Most readers would think of Washington DC in the USA. What is the consensus here? Tigershoot (talk) 16:08, 5 January 2012 (UTC)

Reassessment notification
Hello; I added this article to the article reassessment page because it doesn't quite meet A-class. The lead needs to be expanded; it requires a decent copyedit; and no claims are backed up by inline citations. I appreciate that the peer review was done in 2005, before the inline citation requirement, but if there are any active editors with access to sources about this topic, it can probably be saved. Best, Peter Symonds ( talk ) 15:45, 6 December 2008 (UTC)

Exporting
Where are Nissan cars exported from? Stuffed Cat (talk) 18:22, 7 March 2017 (UTC)

 * Manufacturing locations are listed at Nissan. Most of the export is probably from Japan. But I suppose there are exports from many of the other plants as well. Cars manufactured in Sunderland are exported to all of Europe at least. ⛐ Boivie (talk) 18:36, 7 March 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Nissan Motor Manufacturing UK


text:
User:Jwdietrich2

Additional information is available from my user page at Wikipedia Germany

 * de:Benutzer:Jwdietrich2
 * it:Utente:Jwdietrich2

title: User:Jwdietrich2


text: Category:1979 establishments

title: Category:1979 establishments


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Municipalities and communities of Greece

The municipalities of Greece (δήμοι ) are the lowest level of government within the organizational structure of the state. As of 2021, there are 332 municipalities, further divided into 1036 municipal units and 6136 communities. Thirteen administrative regions form the second-level unit of government. The regions consist of 74 regional units, which mostly correspond to the old prefectures. Regional units are then divided into municipalities. The new municipalities may be subdivided into municipal units (δημοτικές ενότητες, dimotikés enótites), consisting of the pre-Kallikratis municipalities. These were further subdivided into municipal communities (δημοτικές κοινότητες, dimotikés koinótites) and local communities (τοπικές κοινότητες, topikés koinótites) according to population, but are simply named communities (κοινότητες, koinótites) since the entry into force of the Kleisthenis I Programme on 1 September 2019.

Constitutional provisions for communities and municipalities
Article 102 of the Greek constitution outlines the mandate of municipalities and communities and their relationship to the larger State:
 * Municipalities and communities exercise administration of local affairs independently.
 * Leadership of municipalities and communities is elected by universal and secret ballot.
 * Municipalities may voluntarily or be mandated by law to work together to provide certain services, but elected representatives from the participating groups govern these partnerships.
 * The national Greek government supervises local government agencies, but is not to interfere in any local initiatives or actions.
 * The State is required to provide funds necessary to fulfill the mandate of local government agencies.

Organization of communities and municipalities

Communities are governed by a council (συμβούλιο, symvoúlio) made up of 7 to 11 members and led by a president (πρόεδρος κοινότητας, próedros koinótitas). A deputy chairperson from a communal quarter (if the community has been further divided) may also take part in council meetings when specific issues of a communal interest are being discussed.

Municipalities are governed by a municipal council (δημοτικό συμβούλιο, dimotikó symvoúlio) and municipal consultation committee (δημοτική επιτροπή διαβούλευσης, dimotikí epitropí diavoúlefsis), led by a mayor (δήμαρχος, dímarchos). Depending on the size of the municipality, municipal councils are made up of anywhere from 11 to 41 council members representing "municipal departments" (many of which were small communities that had been merged into the municipality). In addition, the council elects 2 to 6 town hall committee members. In the case of mergers, local village or town councils (like communal quarters) may still exist to provide feedback and ideas to the larger governing body.

Council members are elected via public election every four years on the basis of a party system. Three-fifths of all seats go to the party winning a plurality of the vote and the remaining two-fifths of the seats go to other parties based on their share of the vote on a proportional basis. The municipal council elects the town hall committee for a term of two years.

The State ultimately oversees the actions of local governments, but the Municipal and Communal Code still provides communities and municipalities with legal control over the administration of their designated areas.

Participation of citizens in local decision-making
Citizens have very few opportunities for direct participation in decision-making outside the elections held every four years. Beyond national referendums that may be called for critical issues, citizens cannot request local referendums. The only other possibility for direct input by citizens is if the local municipality establishes district councils or if the community president calls a people's assembly to discuss issues of concern. The organization of these public opportunities, however, is solely at the discretion of the community or municipal leadership.

Responsibilities of municipal governments
The Municipal and Communal Code (art. 24) states that municipalities and communities have responsibility for the administration of their local jurisdiction as it pertains to the social, financial, cultural and spiritual interests of its citizens. More specifically, communities and municipalities have responsibility for the following:
 * Security and police
 * Fire fighting
 * Civil protection
 * Nurseries and kindergartens
 * Repair and maintenance of all schools, including the issuing of permits
 * Adult education
 * Hospitals and health departments
 * Family and youth services
 * Rest homes
 * Public housing and town planning
 * Water and waste treatment
 * Cemeteries
 * Environmental protection
 * Theatres, museums, libraries
 * Parks, sports and leisure facilities
 * Urban road systems
 * Gas supplies
 * Irrigation
 * Farming and fishing
 * Commerce and tourism
 * Licensing certain business enterprises

Local government finances
Revenues come from both ordinary and extraordinary sources.

Ordinary revenue is derived from the State budget, property revenues, and established taxes and fees. By law, the State funds first level governments on the basis of a fixed formula: 20% of legal persons’ income tax, 50% of traffic duties and 3% of property transfer duties. For smaller populated communities and municipalities, the State has also allocated additional revenue based on other expenses (e.g. the cost of supplying water, maintaining road networks, and climate). Local governments are required to direct any property or resource fees to related expenses (e.g. drinking water fees must go towards the maintenance and improvement of the water system). Other forms of taxation or fines (e.g. parking fees) can be used wherever the government deems necessary.

Extraordinary revenue originates from sources like loans, inheritances, auctions, rents and fines.

Income generation is not limited to traditional service sources. Local governments can also initiate or participate in entrepreneurial activities that include a wide range of possible partnerships.

Each year communities and municipalities formulate their budgets in terms of expected revenues and expenses. Financial management and auditing is then based on this plan.

History of community and municipal governments

 * In 1831, the first governor of independent Greece, Ioannis Kapodistrias administratively reorganized the Peloponnese into seven departments and the islands into six. These departments were then subdivided into provinces and, in turn, into towns and villages. Opponents of these reforms later assassinated Capodistrias.
 * The Constitution of 1952 (article 99) clearly identified the administrative role of municipal and community authorities.
 * The Constitution of the Hellenic Republic was established in 1975 and in article 102 stated that the first level of government were those of communities and municipalities.
 * Law 1416 was passed in 1984 to reinforce municipal authority over local government.
 * In 1986, the Constitution was modified with the addition of articles 101 and 102 that established local government parameters and relationships.
 * Presidential Decree 410 (Municipal and Communal Code) codified the legislation concerning municipalities and communities in 1995.
 * Law 2539 in 1997, named “Ioannis Kapodistrias,” took 441 municipalities and the 5382 communities and merged them into 900 municipalities and 133 communities. Newly merged municipalities and communities could further subdivide their territory into municipal or communal departments to give some local authority to merged areas.
 * Law 2647 in 1998 transferred responsibilities from the State to local authorities.
 * Law 3852 in 2010, named “Kallikratis,” took the 900 municipalities and the 133 communities and merged them into 325 municipalities. The new municipalities can subdivide their territory into municipal or local communities.


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Juozas Miltinis

Juozas Miltinis (September 3, 1907 in Akmenė, Lithuania – July 13, 1994 in Panevėžys, Lithuania) was a Lithuanian theatre director, actor and founder of the Juozas Miltinis Drama Theatre in Panevėžys. Miltinis has brought up a number of actors.

Biography
From 1932 on, Miltinis studied in Paris, in the school of theatrical art conducted by Charles Dullin. After his return to Kaunas, Miltinis organized here his own theatrical studio and propagated the main tenets of his teachers, Charles Dullin and Jacques Copeau. In 1937-38 he studied in London.

The Panevėžys Drama Theatre was founded in 1940 and Miltinis was appointed as its chief art director. The main body of the young theatre was made up from the pupils of this studio.

February 15, 1954 he was dismissed from the Theatre directors position for ideological reasons, and returned to the position only in 1959. Miltinis began to implement his ideas that he brought from Paris. New concept of theatre and the hero of the play was applied. Militnis retired in 1980.

Legacy
In his theatre Miltinis raised many famous Lithuanian actors. Most notable of them are Donatas Banionis, Vaclovas Blėdis, Gediminas Karka, Stepas Kosmauskas, Eugenija Šulgaitė, Kazimieras Vitkus, Regina Zdanavičiūtė.

Panevėžys County library preserves the bibliographic heritage of Juozas Miltinis. On October 8, 2007, a memorial statue of Juozas Miltinis was unveiled on the central square of Panevežys.

title: Juozas Miltinis


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J Class (yacht)

The J Class of racing yachts (sometimes called "J-boats") were built to the specifications of Nathanael Herreshoff's Universal Rule. The J Class is considered the apex of the era when the Universal Rule determined eligibility in the America's Cup.

Universal Rule
The J Class is one of several classes deriving from the Universal Rule for racing boats. The rule was established in 1903 and rates double-masted racers (classes A through H) and single-masted racers (classes I through S). From 1914 to 1937, the rule was used to determine eligibility for the Americas Cup. In the late 1920s, the trend was towards smaller boats and so agreement among American yacht clubs led to rule changes such that after 1937 the International Rule would be used for 12 Metre class boats.

Universal Rule formula
The Universal Rule formula is: $$R=\frac {0.18 \cdot L \cdot \sqrt{S}} {\sqrt[3]{D}}$$

Where:
 * $$L$$ is boat length (a number itself derived from a formula that includes Load Waterline Length L.W.L in feet)
 * $$S$$ is sail area
 * $$D$$ is displacement
 * $$R$$ is rating
 * Herreshoff initially proposed an index of .2 but ratifying committees of the various yacht clubs changed this to, at various times, .18 or .185. This is, essentially, a 'fudge factor' to allow some boats designed and built prior to the adoption of the Universal Rule to compete.

The numerator contains a yacht's speed-giving elements, length and sail area, while the retarding quantity of displacement is in the denominator. Also the result will be dimensionally correct; R will be a linear unit of length (such as feet or meters). J Class boats will have a rating from 65 to 76 ft. This is not the overall length of the boat but a limiting factor for the variables in the equation. Designers are free to change any of the variables such as length or displacement but must reduce the other variables to compensate.

J Class examples
A table of well-known J Class yachts demonstrating that application of the Universal Rule could result in a rating $$R$$ from 65 to 76 ft. Length overall (LOA) of the yachts ranged from 119 to 139 ft. Sail areas of the yachts ranged from 7288 to 7651 ft2.

Colors: Red: America's Cup challengers; Blue: defenders;  Green:  non-competitors

History and evolution of the J Class
Prior to the adoption of the Universal Rule, the Seawanhaka Rule was used to govern the design of boats for inter club racing. As the Seawanhaka Rule used only two variables: Load Waterline Length ($$L.W.L$$) and Sail Area, racing boats at the time were becoming more and more extreme. Larger and larger sails atop shorter and wider boats leading either to unwieldy, and ultimately unsafe, boats or craft that simply were not competitive. In order to account, in some ways, for the beam and the relationship of the length overall ($$L.O.A$$) to the load waterline length the universal rule was proposed, taking into account displacement and length, which itself was a result of a formula taking into account such things as "quarter beam length". As different boats were designed and built, the notion of classes was derived to maintain groupings of competitive class.

Following Sir Thomas Lipton's near success in the 1920 America's Cup, he challenged again for the last time at age 79, in 1929. The challenge drew all the novelties developed in the previous decade on small boats to be ported onto large boats, and pitted British and American yacht design in a technological race. Between 1930 and 1937, the improvements brought to the design of sailboats were numerous and significant:
 * The high-aspect bermuda rig replaces the gaff rig on large sailboats
 * Solid-rod lenticular rigging for shrouds and stays
 * Luff and foot grooved spars with rail and slides replacing wooden hoops
 * Multiplication of spreader sets: one set previously (1914), two sets (1930), three sets (1934), four sets (1937)
 * Multiplication of the number of winches: 23 winches, Enterprise (1930)
 * Electrical navigational instruments borrowed from aeronautics with repeaters for windvane and anemometer, Whirlwind (1930)
 * "Park Avenue" boom (Enterprise, 1930) and "North Circular" boom (Rainbow, 1934) developed to trim mainsail foot
 * Riveted aluminium mast (4000 lb, Duralumin), Enterprise (1930)
 * Genoa Jib (Rainbow, 1934) and quadrangular jib (Endeavour, 1934)
 * Development of nylon parachute (symmetric) spinnakers, including the World's largest at 18000 sqft on Endeavour II (1936)
 * Duralumin wing-mast, Ranger (1937)

All these improvements may not have been possible without the context of the America's Cup and the stability offered by the Universal Rule. The competition was a bit unfair because the British challengers had to be constructed in the country of the Challenging Yacht Club (a criterion still in use today), and had to sail on their own hull to the venue of the America's Cup (a criterion no longer in use today): the design for such an undertaking required the challenging boat to be more seaworthy than the American boats, whose design was purely for speed in closed waters regattas. The yachts that remain in existence are all British, and probably log more nautical miles today than they ever did. This would not have been possible if Charles Ernest Nicholson did not obtain unlimited budgets to achieve the quality of build for these yachts.

Yacht designer Clinton Hoadley Crane noted in his memoirs that "America's Cup racing has never led to good sportsmanship. The attitude of the New York Yacht Club [...] has been more that of a man in the forward position at war who has been ordered to hold his position at all costs – ." In 1930, Thomas Lipton spent $1,000,000 for his Shamrock V challenge when America was facing a stock market crash, but the NYYC still built four cup defenders. The rivalry led both countries to put on a display of true technological innovations using the maximum load waterline length authorized by the rule for Endeavour II and Ranger in 1937.

Most J Class yachts were scrapped prior to or during World War II because steel and lead had become precious to the war effort. In the post-war era, J Class racing was deemed far too expensive, so no challenge for the America's Cup was placed until 1958 with the smaller third International Rule 12 Metre class.

Rigging problems
The original yachts carried 165 ft masts, but they dismasted frequently. As a consequence, British yachtsman Sir Richard Fairey (Chairman of Fairey Aviation, and owner of Shamrock V) suggested an America's Cup challenge in the smaller K-Class. The New York Yacht Club refused the drop in size.

The J Class rule was amended in 1937 to force rigs to weigh a minimum of 6,400 lb. The larger scantling would prevent the frequent dismastings that had been previously observed in the British Big Class season of 1935.

Revival
By the 1980s only three J Class yachts were still in existence: Shamrock V, Endeavour and Velsheda, all designed by Charles Ernest Nicholson. Velsheda never served for an America's Cup challenge.

A revival of the J Class was triggered by Elizabeth Meyer, who oversaw the refits of Endeavour and Shamrock V. For several decades Velsheda lay derelict in the mud of the Hamble river – she was refitted in 1984, too, and then more completely in 1997.

In August 2001, as part of the celebration of the 150th Jubilee of America's Cup celebration, the three existing J Class racers were brought to the Isle of Wight for a round the island race.

The creation of the J Class Association in 2000 and the launch of a new replica of Ranger in 2004 accelerated the revival of the class. Several replicas and original designs were subsequently built and the association now organizes races for the J Class in Newport, Falmouth and Cowes.

The current J Class fleet comprises nine boats: Endeavour, Hanuman, Lionheart, Rainbow, Ranger, Shamrock V, Velsheda, Topaz, and, launched in January 2017, Svea.

On March 12, 2020, Svea and Topaz collided while maneuvering at the start line of the Superyacht Challenge Antigua. Both boats retired from racing with damage; two sailors were injured.

List of J Class yachts
Ten yachts were built to the J Class rule between 1930 and 1937, six in America and four in Great Britain.

Other boats raced in J Class regattas: the yachts Katoura (Starling Burgess, 1927), Resolute (Nathanael Herreshoff, 1914) and Vanitie (William Gardner, 1914) served as trial horses and most International Rule 23mR yachts were converted to the J Class, of which three remain in existence: Astra, Cambria and Candida.

title: J Class (yacht)


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K.V. Oostende

Koninklijke Voetbalclub Oostende, also called KV Oostende or KVO, was a Belgian professional football club based in Ostend, West Flanders. The team was founded in 1904 as VG Oostende, had the matricule No. 31 and played in the Challenger Pro League. The club was declared bankrupt in June 2024.

History
In 1911, another club was created, AS Oostende, which would soon become the best club of the city, playing regularly in the second division in the 1930s. In the mid-1970s, AS reached the first division while VG was playing at the second level.

The two clubs merged in 1981 to become KV Oostende. The new club played in the third division for eleven years, before finally being promoted. In its first season on the second level, Oostende were immediately promoted again, to the first division, where it would achieve its best result in the club history: a seventh place, in 1993–94.

From 1995 to 2013, Oostende played in the second division, except in 1998–99 and 2004–05, when it was at the higher level again, and in 2001–02 and 2002–03, when it played in the third division.

In 1982, one year after the merger, VG Oostende had been re-founded at the lowest level of the Belgian football competition. The club first used the Armenonville stadium, which was the original ground of VG. In 2001, the stadium was declared unsafe, so the club had to groundshare with KV Oostende in the Albertparkstadion, until 2010. In 2013, the new VG Oostende also disappeared, after a financial breakdown.

In August 2013, shortly after a new promotion to the highest level, it was announced that chairman and majority shareholder Yves Lejaeghere would be succeeded by a new chairman, businessman Marc Coucke.

In the spring of 2016, the main tribune of the Albertparkstadion was rebuilt and the stadium was renamed the Versluys Arena with the capacity increased to 8,432.

Thanks to its success in the previous campaign, Oostende played in the third qualifying round of the Europa League in the 2017–18 season. The team drew French giants Marseille. Oostende was unable to go any further in the competition after losing 4–2 in France on 17 July 2017 and only securing a goalless draw at home on 3 August 2017. While Oostende were clear underdogs, the KVO supporters filled the visitor section of the Stade Vélodrome in Marseille, proud of the team's qualification after having only been promoted to Belgium's first division a few years ago. Marseille would go on to reach the finals in the Europa League that season, falling short to Atlético Madrid.

After a disappointing beginning to the 2017–18 season, manager Yves Vanderhaeghe was set free of his obligations, with the assistant manager, Adnan Čustović, being asked to take over.

In December 2017 Marc Coucke announced that he would be leaving, after recently purchasing Anderlecht. It was then announced on 8 February 2018 that Peter Callant would replace Coucke as chairman. Coucke confirmed his continued interest in the club and that he remained a fan and would stay on as a minority shareholder.

In May 2020 an investment group acquired KV Oostende Football Club and the new investors include Pacific Media Group, Chien Lee, Partners Path Capital and Krishen Sud.

On 15 April 2023, KV Oostende was officially relegated from the Belgian Pro League to the Challenger Pro League after being defeated 4–0 by OH Leuven after ten years in the top tier. On 21 December 2023, the club incurred a deduction of three points, followed by an additional six points on 22 December. As a result, KV Oostende found themselves bottom of the Challenger Pro League standings with only seven points. These penalties stemmed from the club's failure to meet repayment deadlines, compounded by their existing debt of €8 million.

On 14 May 2024, Oostende declared bankruptcy.

Honours

 * Belgian Cup:
 * Runners-up: 2016–17
 * Belgian Second Division:
 * Winners (2): 1997–98, 2012–13
 * Belgian Second Division final round:
 * Winners (2): 1992–93, 2003–04

Managers

 * 🇳🇱 Han Grijzenhout (1981–82)
 * Nedeljko Bulatović (1982–84)
 * 🇧🇪 Luc Sanders (1986–87)
 * 🇳🇱 Dennis van Wijk (30 September 1996 – 30 June 1998)
 * 🇧🇪 Jean-Marie Pfaff (1 October 1998 – 4 February 1999)
 * 🇧🇪 Leo Van der Elst (1999–00)
 * 🇩🇰 Kenneth Brylle (1 July 2001 – 30 June 2003)
 * 🇧🇪 Gilbert Bodart (17 May 2003 – 10 January 2005)
 * 🇧🇪 Mohsen Akhondi (13 January 2005 – 30 June 2005)
 * 🇧🇪 Willy Wellens (1 July 2006–07)
 * 🇳🇱 Dennis van Wijk (20 November 2007 – 10 December 2007)
 * 🇧🇪 Kurt Bataille (interim) (11 December 2007 – 30 June 2008)
 * 🇧🇪 Jean-Pierre Vande Velde (1 July 2008 – 4 March 2009)
 * 🇧🇪 Thierry Pister (3 March 2009 – 14 February 2011)
 * 🇧🇪 Frederik Vanderbiest (16 February 2011–15)
 * 🇧🇪 Yves Vanderhaeghe (2015–2017)
 * 🇧🇦 Adnan Čustović (interim) (17 September 2017 – 17 October 2017)
 * 🇧🇦 Adnan Čustović (17 October 2017 – 30 June 2018)
 * 🇧🇪 Gert Verheyen (2018–2019)
 * 🇳🇴 Kåre Ingebrigtsen (2019)
 * 🇳🇱 Dennis van Wijk (31 December 2019 – 2 March 2020)
 * 🇧🇦 Adnan Čustović (4 March 2020 – 7 June 2020)
 * 🇩🇪 Alexander Blessin (7 June 2020 – 19 January 2022)
 * 🇧🇪 Yves Vanderhaeghe (11 February 2022 – 31 October 2022)
 * 🇦🇹 Dominik Thalhammer (1 November 2022 – 30 June 2023)
 * 🇧🇪 Stijn Vreven (1 July 2023 – 3 December 2023)
 * 🇺🇸 Jamath Shoffner (15 January 2024 – present)

title: K.V. Oostende


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Carroll Independent School District

The Carroll Independent School District (Carroll ISD) is an independent PK-12 school district founded in 1959 serving the majority of the city of Southlake, Texas, and portions of northwest Grapevine, far northern Colleyville, and eastern Westlake.

History
In early 1919 the Carroll Common School District was formed from independent schools near Lonesome Dove and White's Church as well as Sams School. The district was named after B.E. Carroll who was the Tarrant County Superintendent of Public Instruction. The first Carroll School, known at the time as the Carroll Hill School, was completed in 1919 and served as the district's lone school until the opening of the new Carroll High School in the 1970–1971 school year. In 1959, Carroll ISD became an independent school district. Carroll ISD initially only offered kindergarten through 8th grade; students had to travel to Grapevine for high school. The district added 9th grade in the 1961–1962 school year and a high school wing to the building in 1965. Carroll ISD graduated its first senior class in 1965 making Carroll ISD a K-12 grade school district.

After the emergence of a viral video in 2018 which showed several white students from this district shouting a racial slur at a Black student, the school board developed a plan to foster diversity in the curriculum as well as amend the student code of conduct. There was backlash among parents, a majority of whom were white, who denounced the plan as politically motivated. A political action committee was formed by these parents that has been supported by donations from conservative donors, and a lawsuit was filed against the school board. The process of implementing the diversity plan has been delayed by a temporary restraining order. In 2021, a school administrator was recorded telling teachers to present opposing viewpoints on the Holocaust. Six months after teachers at the Carroll Independent School District went public with their concerns about the administrator’s advice to balance books on the Holocaust with titles that show “opposing” perspectives, district employees discovered that a new clause had been added to their annual employment contracts, reading "You agree to not disparage, criticize, or defame the District, and its employees or officials, to the media.”

Overview
Carroll ISD is consistently ranked among the top-rated school districts in Texas. The district and all of its schools are often all rated "Exemplary" by the Texas Education Agency. In the 2004-2005 and 2005-2006 school years, the district was dropped to the "Recognized" ranking. In the 2006–2007 school year, the district not only regained the "Exemplary" ranking, but also became the largest all-Exemplary school district in Texas. Carroll ISD still holds this title today.

Carroll ISD also staffs all of its schools with campus resource officers. All officers are full-time members of the Southlake Police Department. The decision to expand the resource officer program (which had previously included only two officers and a sergeant) was made in the wake of the 2012 school shooting in Newtown, Connecticut. The program now includes 11 officers and one sergeant.

Demographics
In 2021 the median price of a single family residence in the district was $650,000.

Mascot
All of the district's schools share the same colors (green, white, and black) and the same mascot (the Dragon). The mascot was created by a student in the mid-eighties by combining an outline of Texas with a US Navy electronic warfare squadron emblem. The logo was first used in the 1980s as helmet emblems for the Carroll Dragon Varsity Football teams and gradually adopted as the district mascot. Previously, Carroll Middle School used the mascot of the Knights, using the same color scheme as the Dragons. The Knights mascot was retired in the 1990s.

High school (Grades 9-12)

 * Carroll Senior High School (grades 11–12)
 * Carroll High School (grades 9–10)
 * 1994-96 National Blue Ribbon School

Middle schools (Grades 7-8)

 * Dawson Middle School
 * Carroll Middle School
 * 1994-96 National Blue Ribbon School

Intermediate schools (Grades 5-6)

 * Durham Intermediate School
 * Eubanks Intermediate School

Elementary schools (Grades PK-4)

 * Carroll Elementary School
 * 1993-94 National Blue Ribbon School
 * Johnson Elementary School
 * 1993-94 National Blue Ribbon School
 * Old Union Elementary School
 * Rockenbaugh Elementary School
 * 2006 National Blue Ribbon School
 * Walnut Grove Elementary School

Former schools

 * Carroll Intermediate
 * 2000-01 National Blue Ribbon School
 * Closed at the end of the 2002–2003 school year with significant portions now leased to Southlake Baptist Church.
 * Carroll Junior High School
 * Converted at the end of the 2001–2002 school year into Carroll High School.
 * Durham Elementary School
 * Closed at the end of the 2010–2011 school year and all students moved to new Walnut Grove Elementary School. The former physical campus has wholly become part of Durham Intermediate School.
 * "Old" Carroll Middle School
 * The facility was left in the summer of 2011 to move to a new campus under the same name. The building has been renovated to accommodate the needs to be housed by the CISD Administration Center.

title: Carroll Independent School District


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King's Road (Hong Kong)

King's Road is a major east–west road along the north of Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong, stretching from Causeway Bay (Tin Hau), where it joins Causeway Road, to Sai Wan Ho, where it joins Shau Kei Wan Road.

History
Originally part of the Shaukiwan Road, it was renamed in 1935 in honour of the Silver Jubilee of King George V's reign.

Features
From West to East. In Tin Hau: In North Point: In Quarry Bay:
 * No. 1: Park Towers
 * No. 238-240: Fortress Towers and C&MA North Point Church
 * No. 277-291: Former State Theatre
 * No. 423: Sunbeam Theatre
 * Note that The boundary between North Point and Quarry Bay is at Man Hong Street / Healthy Street West
 * No. 611: WSD Hong Kong Regional Building
 * No. 668-702: Healthy Village
 * No. 740-774: Model Housing Estate
 * No. 888: North Point Government Primary School
 * No.979-981: Taikoo Place
 * No. 986: The Former Quarry Bay School is a Grade III historic building. Currently vacant, it was built in 1924–1926.
 * No. 1032-1044: Fook Cheong Building
 * No. 1048-1056: Yick Fat Building . Housing the Hong Kong Aquarium Plaza.
 * No. 1111: Cityplaza

Traffic
The road is shared between automobile traffic and the Hong Kong Tramways system, and the east bound of the section between eastern Causeway Bay and Quarry Bay bus lane. This tram line runs between Shau Kei Wan to Kennedy Town. Before the opening of Island Eastern Corridor and Island line of the MTR in the 1980s, the road was plagued with traffic congestion. Various measures like creation of bus lanes were taken to address the problem.

Part of the MTR Island line runs underneath the road, and the following stations serve the Road: Tin Hau (exit A1), Fortress Hill (exits A and B), North Point (exits B1/B2/B3), Quarry Bay (exit A), Tai Koo.

title: King's Road (Hong Kong)