text:
Talk:Rosenrot

Merger?
Well whoever put this up for merging didn't make a discussion here. So yeah, merge Reise, Reise Vol.2 into Rosenrot. The info there is relevant to the creation of Rosenrot. - Vicer 09:38, 12 December 2006 (UTC)
 * no merge, two seperate things, one was a proposed album, one is a different album, with some 'leftover' songs from the proposed album Fethroesforia 20:08, 21 January 2007 (UTC)

i agree with Vicer for a merge - Ella 03:35, 27 January 2007 (UTC)

I think the merge thing should be removed since there's no such thing as Reise, Reise Vol.2 anymore Iaberis 14:23, 14 February 2007 (UTC)

P.S. I removed it! Iaberis 14:25, 14 February 2007 (UTC)

Contradiction
Some of the song descriptions contain a few oddities (and, sadly, no references). For instance, the article about "Mann gegen Mann" states that "The song is critical of societies' close minded attitudes towards homosexuality and contains many metaphors about homosexuality.", whereas in this article one can read "The song is simply about the subject of homosexuality and seems to avoid taking sides". These statements are obviously totally contradictory, which means that one of them is incorrect and needs to be rectified. After taking a quick look at a translation, it appears that the song does take sides (e.g.: "My family calls me a traitor/I am the nightmare of all fathers"). Iron C hris |  (talk) 02:23, 4 January 2007 (UTC)

Interviews copyright

 * You really can't just take 3 entire reviews and paste them in here. I think its a copyvio and should be removed, what do others think?  Wickethewok 01:49, 28 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Done. Wickethewok 00:01, 25 April 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Rosenrot.jpg
Image:Rosenrot.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

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Inaccuracies
Catalina Lavric is a real person and rather younger than Khira Li Lindemann, quite apart from the two looking absolutely nothing alike, so I am removing that odd claim. I already removed it from the single page (the video description there seems to be nearly completely taken from this article).NadjaCS 21:58, 18 October 2007 (UTC)

Album art, anyone?
Hi, I think there should be some info on the album art. Does anybody have info on the ice breaker vessel seen on the packaging. And I noticed Neuschwanstein Castle on it too. Stingray 21:37, 30 November 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Benzin.PNG
Image:Benzin.PNG is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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BetacommandBot (talk) 04:01, 12 February 2008 (UTC)

Track description
Who deleted the track descriptions? It was far more informative and interesting before. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.13.70.12 (talk) 20:23, 19 March 2008 (UTC)
 * They were removed because they were all unreliably sourced or not sourced at all, or they were original research. This is against Wikipedia's policies. Some information could be added back in time, but it will take diligent effort. --Jacob Talk 21:19, 19 March 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Rosenrot


text:
J. Russell Sprague

John Russell Sprague (December 24, 1886 – April 17, 1969) was the Republican county executive of Nassau County, New York from 1938 until 1953. He also was a delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1936, 1940, 1944, 1948, 1952, and 1956 and part of Republican National Committee from New York during 1940–1948.

Life
Born in Inwood, New York, Sprague was an instrumental politician in Nassau County. He took center stage in adopting a county charter that created the position of county executive. In November 1937, he was the first person elected to that office. Prior to serving as county executive, Sprague worked as a lawyer in Far Rockaway.

By the end of his time serving as county executive at the end of 1952, Sprague lived in Roslyn Estates, New York.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: J. Russell Sprague


text:
User talk:Chicharronjr

A welcome from Sango123
Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions; I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We're glad to have you in our community! Here are a few good links for newcomers:

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Happy Wiki-ing!

-- Sango  123  21:01, August 20, 2005 (UTC)

P.S. Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you need help with anything or simply wish to say hello. :)

title: User talk:Chicharronjr


text:
Joe McFadden

Joseph McFadden (born 9 October 1975) is a Scottish actor, best known for his roles in The Crow Road, Sex, Chips & Rock n' Roll, Heartbeat and Holby City. He won the 2017 series of the BBC One series Strictly Come Dancing with professional dance partner Katya Jones.

Biography
The third of four siblings (two older brothers, one younger sister), McFadden was born on 9 October 1975, in Glasgow to Irish immigrants from County Donegal. He was educated at Holyrood R.C. Secondary School in Glasgow, where a drama teacher recognised his talent and recommended him for a part in the ITV Glasgow-based detective show Taggart.

After taking a role in Take the High Road, he then developed his career in the theatre with roles as diverse as Chitty Chitty Bang Bang, Rent and Rainbow Kiss at the Royal Court. He then took roles in television series The Crow Road and Sex, Chips & Rock n' Roll. He played the title role of Aladdin at The Old Vic opposite Ian McKellen and played Dr Jack Marshland in the original series of the Emmy award-winning Cranford. After that he came to national attention playing PC Joe Mason in the ITV Yorkshire-based period drama Heartbeat from 2007 to its finale in 2010.

After that role ended in 2009, he mixed theatre doing National Theatre of Scotland with director John Tiffany and touring in the Alan Ayckbourn play Haunting Julia and the Harvey Fierstein play Torch Song Trilogy playing Ed. He has also starred in such films as The Trouble with Men and Women, Zig Zag Love, Dad Savage and Small Faces.

From January 2014 to December 2017 he had a leading role as Raffaello "Raf" di Lucca in the BBC One medical drama Holby City. The character was killed off in the two part episode "Group Animal". In August 2017 he was announced as a participant in the fifteenth series of BBC's Strictly Come Dancing, partnered with Katya Jones, eventually winning in the final and claiming the prized Glitterball Trophy.

On 21 January 2019 it was announced that McFadden would appear in the 2019-20 UK tour of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert.

Selected filmography

 * Strictly Come Dancing (2017)
 * Holby City (2014–2017, 2020)
 * Casualty (2009)
 * Cranford (2007)
 * Heartbeat (2007–2010)
 * Alien Invasion (2004; short film)
 * The Trouble with Men and Women (2003)
 * Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (2002; video game voice actor)
 * Sparkhouse (2002)
 * The Glass (2001)
 * Sex, Chips & Rock n' Roll (1999)
 * Dad Savage (1998)
 * Small Faces (1996)
 * The Crow Road (1996)
 * Take the High Road (1990–97)

Theatre

 * Narator in The Rocky Horror Show August 2023
 * Oliver Harcourt in The House on Cold Hill, UK Tour, January 2019
 * Andy in Haunting Julia, UK Tour, August 2012
 * Ed in Torch Song Trilogy, Menier Chocolate Factory, London May 2012
 * Writer in The Missing, National Theatre of Scotland, Tramway Arts Centre September 2011
 * Georg Nowack in She Loves Me, Chichester Festival Theatre 2011
 * Caractacus Potts in Chitty Chitty Bang Bang, Edinburgh Playhouse 2006–7
 * Finch in How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying, Chichester Festival Theatre 2005
 * Keith in Rainbow Kiss at Royal Court Theatre, London 2006
 * John in A Life in the Theatre at Royal Lyceum Theatre Edinburgh 2004
 * Claude in 15 Seconds at Traverse Theatre, Edinburgh 2003
 * Mark in Rent at Shaftesbury Theatre, London 1998
 * Sloane in Entertaining Mr Sloane at Theatr Clwyd, 1997

title: Joe McFadden


text: Category:Agriculture marketing organizations


text:
User talk:Alien010

A welcome from Sango123
Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions; I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We're glad to have you in our community! Here are a few good links for newcomers:

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Happy Wiki-ing!

-- Sango  123  21:02, August 20, 2005 (UTC)

P.S. Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you need help with anything or simply wish to say hello. :)

Image copyright problem with Image:Rkm.jpg
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Speedy deletion of Aloud
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title: User talk:Alien010


text:
User:KevG

{| align=center border=0 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=4 style="background-color: #E1F1DE"

I'm Kev. Nice to meet you.
 * My B-day: February 28,1981
 * Gender:Female(Don't be to shocked)
 * I'm:Roman Catholic

I belive that the Bible is God's written word, and therefore everything in it is true. Everyone does wrong, these wrong things we do are called sin. When we sin we are condemed to an eternity of death and suffering. Jesus came to earth and he lived a life without ever sinning so he could die in our place so those who have faith don't have to suffer for all of eternity.

Search user languages

title: User:KevG


text: User talk:63.205.208.234

title: User talk:63.205.208.234


text: User talk:71.104.114.112

title: User talk:71.104.114.112


text:
Dark Messiah of Might and Magic

Dark Messiah of Might and Magic (labeled as Dark Messiah: Might and Magic; additionally subtitled Elements on Xbox 360) is a first-person action role-playing game developed by Arkane Studios. The player controls Sareth, the apprentice of the wizard Phenrig, after he is sent to the city of Stonehelm to accompany an expedition trying to retrieve a powerful artifact known as "The Skull of Shadows".

Dark Messiah of Might and Magic was released in 2006 on PC, and Dark Messiah of Might and Magic: Elements was released later in 2008 for the Xbox 360. It adds new levels in the single-player campaign, a revamped multiplayer mode, numerous bug-fixes, and adjustments for the console experience.

Gameplay
Enemies are generally difficult to kill in straightforward combat, although characters developed for this purpose may have an easier time. Characters who develop their stealth skills can sneak up behind unaware enemies and perform a lethal backstab maneuver, while characters that have skill with a bow can use it to snipe enemies from a distance. Developing a character for resilience and strength for melee combat is still possible and completely viable, but even with proper specialization, successful close combat requires careful application of tactics, timing, accuracy, and properly using a range of close-quarters offensive techniques. Particularly, the player character's ability to kick enemies and knock them back is emphasized by environmental hazards such as spike racks, open fires, and pitfalls being in almost every combat area, which can often end a fight more efficiently than using only weapon attacks.

For players who build their character to specialize in Magic, spells can be used to unleash offensive effects, heal the player character, or serve a number of utility purposes. Each use of a spell consumes varying amounts of the player's mana, which gradually regenerates over time, but can be replenished more quickly through consumption of mana potions.

As the player completes objectives throughout the game, Dark Messiah awards experience points that can be used to buy skills in one of three skill trees: Combat, Magic, and Miscellaneous. The Combat tree improves the power and efficiency of physical attacks. The Magic tree grants access to new spells. The Miscellaneous tree contains general utility improvements, including Stealth.

Although some enemies will drop usable items when killed, looting in Dark Messiah is mostly a fixed affair. Valuable items are placed in specific locations for the player to find. Each item has fixed stats, and the selection of items is also limited, with only a relatively small number of different weapons or armor in each category. Additionally, advanced items typically have a skill requirement, with the end result being that the character equips only a handful of different items over the course of the one play-through, depending on what skills they have chosen to develop on their character.

Multiplayer
Dark Messiah features a multiplayer mode where opposing teams battle each other and earn points by performing strategic maneuvers across a large map. There are two playable factions, consisting of humans and undead, along with five playable classes. A character customization system is present, with the limitation that players must select a predefined class and may only buy skills available for that class.

There is also a Colosseum mode, in which players fight take turns to fight one-on-one duels, while the other players sit in the audience. When players are not battling in the current match, they can bet XP on the outcome of the current duel.

Setting
Nearly a thousand years ago the Wars of Fire raged across the face of Ashan. Men, Elves, Dwarves, and their allies pitted themselves against the hordes of Demons. Great devastation was wrought, but in the end the allied forces were victorious. Their victory was largely due to the heroic sacrifice of the wizard known as Sar-Elam, the Seventh Dragon. Using his almost god-like powers and supported by his fellow wizards, Sar-Elam cast the Demons out of the world into a limbo of eternal fire. From the essence of his spirit, Sar-Elam wove a prison to contain the Demons forever. Something went wrong during Sar-Elams ritual, however. The magic he summoned failed to create a complete prison; the tiniest of flaws remained in the otherwise impervious barrier, a weakness that allowed Demonic influence to seep into the world during times of a lunar eclipse. Angry but patient, the Demons lurked in their prison waiting ... and planning.

All that remained of the Seventh Dragon was his skull. Now called the Skull of Shadows, it was spirited away by those loyal to the goddess Mother Asha, creator of the world and source of all magic. They hid it in an ancient temple on a deserted island, far from the machinations of Men, Elves, or Demons. There the Skull sits, awaiting the day when its powers might be needed again.

67 years after Sar-Elam's death, his disciple Sar-Shazzar prophesied that a half-demon, half-human child would one day be born; a walker between worlds who would be known as the "Dark Messiah" and would use the relics of the Seventh Dragon to shatter the Demons' prison forever.

969 years after Sar-Elam's death, after the young king Nicolai Griffin was killed by a demon renegade, the demon sovereign, Kha-Beleth impregnated Nicolai's former-fiancée, Isabel Greyhound, and before she could have been saved, she gave birth to the Dark Messiah.

20 years later, Sareth's story begins.

Story
The protagonist of Dark Messiah is a young man named Sareth, who is under the tutelage of the Wizard Phenrig. After years of studying the arts of magic and physical training in the arts of war, he is finally taken on an expedition to retrieve a rare artifact known as the Shantiri Crystal. After finding the Crystal and disposing of the would-be rival expedition, Sareth is tasked to bring the crystal to an associate of Phenrig's, the Wizard Menelag, who is also the lord of the city of Stonehelm. Menelag and Phenrig have certain "mutual interests" that involve finding an artifact called the Skull of Shadows. Menelag apparently is unable to continue his search without the Crystal. To guide him on his way, a spirit named Xana will reside in Sareth's mind.

Shortly after arriving in Stonehelm, Sareth witnesses an undead cyclops and a small army of ghouls sent by the Necromancers breach Stonehelm's defenses and begin to overwhelm the guards. Sareth is recruited to help in the defense effort by taking control of a ballista. Using this, he manages to stun the undead cyclops long enough for a guard to stab it in the eye, thus killing it. Seeing their most valuable asset destroyed, the remnants of the invading force beat a hasty retreat. Sareth then resumes his search for Menelag. Upon reaching the front gate of Menelag's manor, Sareth is greeted by Leanna, the young niece and pupil of Menelag. That night, the three enjoy a small feast in Sareth's honor after which Menelag informs Sareth that they will set sail the following morning to resume the search for the Skull.

In the middle of the night, the crystal is stolen by a ghoul, who murders Menelag in the process. Sareth then chases the ghoul to a warehouse, where he finds the necromancer Arantir using the crystal's power to open a portal to Nar-Heresh, the necromancer city. Sareth manages to steal the crystal back and escape to the docks, where he falls asleep. In a dream, he recalls his meeting with Phenrig, except that Phenrig is saying that he does not trust Sareth on this mission alone and says that he needs someone to "hold his leash" as he summons Xana. In the dream, Xana appears to be a demon and attacks Sareth. Sareth and Leanna leave Stonehelm by boat and travel to the island with the Skull of Shadows. While en route, Sareth has another dream in which he kills Leanna, and Arantir alludes that she is only the first of many victims.

After arriving, they find the expedition destroyed, and most of the men dead, killed by Orc warriors. Sareth and Leanna are chased into the Temple of the Skull by a Pao kai which Sareth kills a little later with a gate, and Sareth proceeds alone to the top of the Temple, where he places the Shantiri Crystal, and defeats the Orc chief Aratok in a duel. Arantir then reveals himself and appears to kill Leanna. Sareth, however, escapes to the crypt below and retrieves the Skull of Shadows. Sareth then has a vision of the Demon Sovereign Kha-Beleth, who reveals himself to be Sareth's father. Kha-Beleth names Sareth the Dark Messiah, and then commands to be released using the power of the Skull. Sareth wakes up to see Arantir, who takes the skull and then impales Sareth on a spike.

Fueled by Xana's demonic power, Sareth wakes up alive and gains the power to transform into a demon, which grants him uncanny strength at the cost of health. Stripped of all his belongings, Sareth uses the demon form to fight off the Orc guards as he recovers his items. He manages to leave the island and returns to Stonehelm. Once there, he takes the portal to Nar-Heresh. There, Sareth witnesses Leanna - who is still alive - being thrown into a spider pit. Saving Leanna is optional, but impacts the possible endings that the player may receive. Regardless of the player's choice, Sareth discovers Arantir's plans to sacrifice the entire population of Stonehelm in order to permanently seal Kha-Beleth's prison.

Sareth then returns to a besieged Stonehelm, fighting alongside the remaining human resistance. If Leanna was rescued in the previous chapter, Sareth may visit the sanctuary in order to purge Xana from his body. If Sareth proceeds with the cleansing, he loses the ability to transform into a demon, but gains the ability to use powerful holy weapons. If Sareth is unable or unwilling to undergo the cleansing ritual, nothing will change. Whatever the case, the choice determines which endings the player may receive.

In the ancient necropolis over which Stonehelm was built, Sareth is eventually reunited with Leanna. If the player left her behind in the spider pit, she appears as a Lich, who Sareth then destroys. If Sareth saved her, but did not cleanse himself, she will attack him. If Leanna was rescued and Sareth cleansed himself, she will join Sareth in the final chapter.

Sareth then makes his way through the necropolis and eventually catches up with Arantir as he is about to perform the ritual. When Sareth attacks Arantir, he summons his Avatar of Death, also seen in Heroes V: Tribes of the East (the dragon in Dark Messiah does resemble a pao kai but it is still uncertain as to what the dragon really is). Sareth fights off the Dragon, which forces Arantir to perform a resummoning, during which Arantir is vulnerable. Eventually Arantir is defeated, leaving Sareth to make his final decision for the Skull.

The player may use the Skull to lock his father away forever, or destroy the Skull and free his father. Each option offers a different ending. The ensuing cut scene will vary slightly depending on whether it is Leanna or Xana that accompanies Sareth at the end of the game, giving the game a total of four different endings.

Development
Critical praise of Arkane's previous game, Arx Fatalis, gave the opportunity for them to work with Valve to develop a new title on their Source engine, and Raphaël Colantonio opted to make a sequel, Arx Fatalis 2. However, the poor sales of the first game made it difficult to find a publisher. They were approached by Ubisoft and asked to apply the Arx Fatalis game engine to their Might and Magic. This became Dark Messiah of Might and Magic. It refined the first-person melee combat of Arx Fatalis with a lesser emphasis on role-playing elements.

German censorship
Despite having received a "no youth release" rating from the USK, Ubisoft announced that the two German versions of Dark Messiah will contain some changes from the internationally released version. Specifically, the German version does not allow for enemies' heads or limbs to be severed, enemies cannot be impaled after death, burning enemies will die immediately and their corpses cannot be mutilated further after death. Ubisoft separately released a limited edition "International Version" of the game (playable in English only) which is identical to the version of the game released in most other countries, and which was also released in Germany. However, since then the Bundesprüfstelle has declared, after an examination in February 2008, that the uncensored version of the game, though heavily relying on melee combat and displaying violent content, is not harmful to minors, as equal importance is laid on the setting in a fantasy world and the elaborated storyline. In a second attempt, the original version secured a "no youth release" rating with the USK, though this now rated version has yet to be released in Germany.

Reception
Critical reaction to Dark Messiah has been divided, particularly between the US and the rest of the world. The game received "mixed or average reviews" on both platforms according to the review aggregation website Metacritic.

Game Informer praised the PC version for the sheer fun factor and beautiful graphics. In contrast, GameSpot said that it had many technical issues, repetitive gameplay, predictable story, and poor multiplayer. The Australian video game talk show Good Game's two reviewers both gave the game an 8/10. Also, Hyper commended the game for its "telekinesis, great combat and being lovely to look at", but criticized it for "poor non-human combat [and] bugger all story".

For Elements, IGN noted that it simplified the original game's role-playing element; players in Elements must choose one of four predetermined character classes that gain skills according to their specialty. GameSpot criticized the game's control problems and graphics, stating that it "may be the ugliest game powered by [the] Source engine". In Japan, where the game was ported for release under the name Might and Magic: Elements (マイト･アンド･マジック エレメンツ) on 17 July 2008, Famitsu gave it a score of 22 out of 40, while Famitsu X360 gave it each a score of two sevens, one six, and one seven.

GameSpot nominated Elements for the dubious award of Flat-Out Worst Game in its 2008 video game awards.

Sequel
In an interview on 15 August 2012, with Dutch gamesite Gamer.nl, Might & Magic creative director Erwan le Breton mentioned they were discussing a possible sequel to Dark Messiah. However,, Arkane Studios has left Ubisoft and the Might & Magic team was still searching for a new studio to take over the sequel.

title: Dark Messiah of Might and Magic


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List of World XI ODI cricketers

The ICC World ODI XI was a team chosen by the International Cricket Council (ICC), representing the most talented One Day International cricketers playing international cricket at the time. A One Day International (ODI) is an international cricket match between two representative teams, each having ODI status, as determined by the ICC. An ODI differs from a Test match in that the number of overs per team is limited, and that each team has only one innings. The ICC World XI has played four matches, one for the 2005 World Cricket Tsunami Appeal (where the World XI was made up of the best non-Asian players), and three in the 2005 ICC Super Series (where the World XI was made up of the best non-Australian players). The list is arranged in the order in which each player won his first ODI cap. In cases in which more than one player won his first ODI cap in the same match, these players are listed alphabetically by surname. All these players have represented their respective national teams too, but only the records of their games for the ICC World XI are given.

The ODI between the World XI and Asian XI ended in a World XI victory by 112 runs. Ricky Ponting, captaining the side, scored 115 as the World XI batted first and scored 344/8, with Chris Cairns and Brian Lara both scoring half centuries. The Asian XI was unable to reach 345 for victory but did make 232 from their innings. For every run scored in the match, $1,000 was donated to the tsunami appeal. Over 70,000 people attended the match which was televised in 122 countries. The endeavour raised over A$14 million. A second fund-raising match between the two teams was cancelled due to unsuitable playing conditions.

Players

 * Statistics are correct as of 30 October 2005, since then no matches have been played by the World XI.

 * Key

 * General
 * † Denotes a player still active in international cricket as of 21 January 2017
 * *: an innings that ended not out
 * Mat: number of matches played

 * Batting
 * Inn: number of innings
 * NO: number of times an innings ends not out
 * Runs: number of runs scored by batsman/off bowler's bowling
 * HS: highest score
 * Avg: batting average

 * Bowling
 * Balls: number of balls bowled
 * Wkt: number of wickets taken
 * BB: best bowling figures
 * Avg: bowling average

 * Fielding
 * Ca: number of catches taken
 * St: number of stumpings made

title: List of World XI ODI cricketers


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Salen ligand

Salen refers to a tetradentate C2-symmetric ligand synthesized from salicylaldehyde (sal) and ethylenediamine (en). It may also refer to a class of compounds, which are structurally related to the classical salen ligand, primarily bis-Schiff bases. Salen ligands are notable for coordinating a wide range of different metals, which they can often stabilise in various oxidation states. For this reason salen-type compounds are used as metal deactivators. Metal salen complexes also find use as catalysts.

Synthesis and complexation
H2salen may be synthesized by the condensation of ethylenediamine and salicylaldehyde.
 * Preparation of salen.svg

Complexes of salen with metal cations can often be made in situ, i.e., without isolating the H2salen.
 * H2salen + M2+ → M(salen) + 2 H+

title: Salen ligand


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User talk:Prod

Articles_for_deletion/XERXES
Following the deletion of these articles I have userfied them as you requested. They can be found at User:Prod/XERXES and User:Prod/Von Braun. Thanks, Black Kite 22:43, 21 September 2008 (UTC)

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ArbCom elections are now open!
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Nomination for deletion of Template:StrategyWiki
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title: User talk:Prod


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Fariba Rezayee

Friba Rezayee, (born September 3, 1985) is a Hazara judoka, who is perhaps best known as one of the first two women athletes from Afghanistan to compete in the Summer Olympics. The Taliban controlling most of Afghanistan had caused the country to be banned from the Olympics in 1999 due to discrimination against women under Taliban rule as well as its prohibition of sports of any kind, and thus missed out on the Sydney Olympics of the year 2000. In June 2003, the IOC lifted the suspension imposed on Afghanistan during the 115th IOC Session in Prague, and the country sent a delegation of five competitors to the Athens Games in 2004. Rezayee and Robina Muqimyar were two women contingents in the delegation, becoming the first ever women to compete for Afghanistan at the Olympics.

Personal life
Rezayee was born to a Hazara ethnic family. Her family moved from Afghanistan to the neighboring Pakistan when she was nine years old after the Taliban seized control in 1996. Rezayee, along with her family, lived in Pakistan for eight years as a refugee, and studied martial arts and boxing there.

After her return with her family to Afghanistan in 2002, she moved in boxing and was the first Afghan female boxer. But due to lack of other female boxers in her team, she then moved into judo, and began training for the Olympic Games at a girl's judo club sponsored by Danish Refugee Council. Friba is the younger sister of Shaima Rezayee, a music TV presenter who was killed in 2005 in her hometown Kabul. She also has two older brothers, Javed and Fawad.

2004 Athens Olympics
Rezayee represented Afghanistan in the middleweight class (70 kg) event of judo in the 2004 Summer Olympics, Athens. The whole competition took place on August 18. In her first-round match, Rezayee faced Spaniard Cecilia Blanco and lost the bout without earning a single point.

title: Fariba Rezayee


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John Gaston Grant

John Gaston Grant (January 1, 1858 – June 21, 1923) was an American politician who served in the U.S. House of Representatives.

John Gaston Grant was born January 1, 1858, in a log cabin in Edneyville Township, Henderson County, North Carolina. He was the fifth child of William Colin and Sarah Elizabeth (Freeman) Grant, of Henderson County, North Carolina. He was self-educated and a lifelong "Radical" or Republican. He was called "Cornbread John" by local Democratic-leaning newspaper, The French Broad Hustler. He married Zsa Zura Edney on March 30, 1876, in Henderson County, North Carolina.

Grant was a Member of the North Carolina House of Representatives in 1889, but declined a renomination. He was the sheriff of Henderson County 1892–1896 and refused a renomination in 1896. He was elected as a Republican to the Sixty-first Congress (March 4, 1909 – March 3, 1911). He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1910 to the Sixty-second Congress after which he resumed agricultural pursuits. Grant died in Hendersonville, North Carolina, on June 21, 1923.

title: John Gaston Grant


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You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'

"You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin is a song by Phil Spector, Barry Mann, and Cynthia Weil, first recorded in 1964 by the American vocal duo the Righteous Brothers. This version, produced by Spector, is cited by some music critics as the ultimate expression and illustration of his Wall of Sound recording technique. The record was a critical and commercial success on its release, reaching number one in early February 1965 in both the United States and the United Kingdom. The single ranked No. 5 in Billboard's year-end Top 100 of 1965 Hot 100 hits – based on combined airplay and sales, and not including three charted weeks in December 1964 – and has entered the UK Top Ten on three occasions.

"You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin has been covered successfully by numerous artists. In 1965, Cilla Black's recording reached No. 2 in the UK Singles Chart. Dionne Warwick took her version to No. 16 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in 1969. A 1971 duet version by singers Roberta Flack and Donny Hathaway peaked at No. 30 on the Billboard R&B singles chart. Long John Baldry charted at No. 2 in Australia with his 1979 remake and a 1980 version by Hall and Oates reached No. 12 on the US Hot 100.

Various music writers have described the Righteous Brothers version as "one of the best records ever made" and "the ultimate pop record". In 1999 the performing-rights organization Broadcast Music, Inc. (BMI) ranked the song as the most-played song on American radio and television in the 20th century, having accumulated more than 8 million airplays by 1999, and nearly 15 million by 2011. It held the distinction of being the most-played song for 22 years until 2019, when it was overtaken by "Every Breath You Take". In 2001 the song was chosen as one of the Songs of the Century by RIAA, and in 2003 the track ranked No. 34 on the list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time by Rolling Stone. In 2015 the single was inducted into the National Recording Registry by the Library of Congress for being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".

Background and composition
In 1964, music producer Phil Spector conducted the band at a show in San Francisco where the Righteous Brothers was also appearing, and he was impressed enough with the duo to want them to record for his own label, Philles Records. All the songs previously produced by Spector for Philles Records featured African-American singers, and the Righteous Brothers would be his first white vocal act. However, they had a vocal style, termed blue-eyed soul, that suited Spector.

Spector commissioned Barry Mann and Cynthia Weil to write a song for them, bringing them over from New York to Los Angeles to stay at the Chateau Marmont so they could write the song. Taking a cue from "Baby I Need Your Loving" by The Four Tops, which was then rising in the charts, Mann and Weil decided to write a ballad. Mann wrote the melody first, and came up with the opening line, "You never close your eyes anymore when I kiss your lips", influenced by a line from the song "I Love How You Love Me" that was co-written by Mann and produced by Spector – "I love how your eyes close whenever you kiss me". Mann and Weil wrote the first two verses quickly, including the chorus line "you've lost that lovin' feelin. When Spector joined in with the writing, he added "gone, gone, gone, whoa, whoa, whoa" to the end of the chorus, which Weil disliked. The line "you've lost that lovin' feelin was originally only intended to be a dummy line that would be replaced later, but Spector liked it and decided to keep it. The form of the song is of verse-chorus-verse-chorus-bridge-chorus or ABABCB form. Mann and Weil had problems writing the bridge and the ending, and asked Spector for help. Spector experimented on the piano with a "Hang On Sloopy" riff that they then built on for the bridge.

Weil recalled that, "after Phil, Barry and I finished [writing it], we took it over to the Righteous Brothers. Bill Medley, who has the low voice, seemed to like the song." However, Medley initially felt that the song did not suit their more uptempo rhythm and blues style, and Mann and Spector had sung the song in a higher key: "And we just thought, 'Wow, what a good song for The Everly Brothers.' But it didn't seem right for us." The song, which has a very big range, was originally written in the higher key of F. But to accommodate Medley's baritone voice, the key was gradually lowered to C♯ in the recording, which, together with slowing the song down, changed the "whole vibe of the song", according to Medley.

Bobby Hatfield reportedly expressed his annoyance to Spector when he learned that Medley would start the first verse alone and that he had to wait until the chorus before joining in. Prior to this, they would have been given equal prominence in a song. When Hatfield asked Spector just what he was supposed to do during Medley's solo, Spector replied, "You can go directly to the bank!"

The Righteous Brothers recording
The song was recorded on September 26, 1964, at Studio A of Gold Star Studios in Los Angeles. When Hatfield and Medley went to record the vocals a few weeks after the song was written, all the instrumental tracks had already been recorded and overdubbed. They recorded the vocal many times – Medley sang the opening verse over and over again until Spector was satisfied, and the process was then repeated with the next verse. The recording took over 39 takes and around eight hours over a period of two days.

The song would become one of the foremost examples of Spector's "Wall of Sound" technique. It features the studio musicians the Wrecking Crew; playing on this recording were Don Randi on piano, Tommy Tedesco on guitar, Carol Kaye and Ray Pohlman on bass, and Steve Douglas on sax. They were also joined by Barney Kessel on guitar and Earl Palmer on drums. Jack Nitzsche usually arranged the songs for Spector, but he was absent, and the arrangement was done by Gene Page. As with his other songs, Spector started by cutting the instrumental track first, building up layers of sound to create the Wall of Sound effect. The recording was done mono so Spector could fix the sound exactly as he wanted it. According to sound engineer Larry Levine, they started recording four acoustic guitars; when that was ready, they added the pianos, of which there were three; followed by three basses; the horns (two trumpets, two trombones, and three saxophones); then finally the drums. The vocals by Hatfield and Medley were then recorded and the strings overdubbed. The background singers were mainly the vocal group The Blossoms, joined in the song's crescendo by a young and then-unknown Cher. Reverb was applied in the recording, and more was added on the lead vocals during the mix. According to music writer Robert Palmer, the effect of the technique used was to create a sound that was "deliberately blurry, atmospheric, and of course huge; Wagnerian rock 'n' roll with all the trimmings."

The song started slowly in the recording, with Medley singing in a low baritone voice. Right before the second verse started, Spector wanted the tempo to stay the same, but the beat to be just a little behind where they are supposed to land to give the impression of the song slowing down. The recorded song was three ticks slower and a tone and a half lower than what Mann and Weil had written. When Mann heard the finished record over the phone, he thought that it had been mistakenly played at 33 1/3 instead of 45 rpm and told Spector, "Phil, you have it on the wrong speed!"

Even with his interest in the song, Medley had his doubts because it was unusually long for a pop song at the time. In an interview with Rolling Stone magazine, he recalled, "We had no idea if it would be a hit. It was too slow, too long, and right in the middle of The Beatles and the British Invasion." The song ran for nearly four minutes when released. This was too long by contemporary AM radio standards; radio stations at that time rarely played songs longer than three minutes because longer songs meant that fewer ads could be placed between song sets. Spector, however, refused to shorten it. Following a suggestion by Larry Levine, Spector had "3:05" printed on the label, instead of the track's actual running time of 3:45. He also added a false ending which made the recording more dramatic, and also tricked radio DJs into thinking it was a shorter song.

The production of the single cost Spector around $35,000, then a considerable amount. Spector himself was deeply concerned about the reception to a song that was unusual for its time, worrying that his vision would not be understood. He canvassed a few opinions – his publisher Don Kirshner suggested that the song should be re-titled "Bring Back That Lovin' Feelin, while New York DJ Murray the K thought that bass line in the middle section, similar to that of a slowed-down "La Bamba", should be the start of the song. Spector took these as criticisms and later said: "I didn't sleep for a week when that record came out. I was so sick, I got a spastic colon; I had an ulcer."

Reception
Andrew Loog Oldham, who was then the manager of the Rolling Stones and a fan and friend of Spector, chanced upon Spector listening to a test pressing of the song that had just been delivered. Loog Oldham later wrote, "The room was filled with this amazing sound, I had no idea what it was, but it was the most incredible thing I'd ever heard." He added, "I'd never heard a recorded track so emotionally giving or empowering." Later, when Cilla Black recorded a rival version of the same song and it was racing up the British charts ahead of The Righteous Brothers' version, Loog Oldham was appalled, and took it upon himself to run a full-page ad in Melody Maker:

"This advert is not for commercial gain, it is taken as something that must be said about the great new PHIL SPECTOR Record, THE RIGHTEOUS BROTHERS singing 'YOU'VE LOST THAT LOVIN' FEELING'. Already in the American Top Ten, this is Spector's greatest production, the last word in Tomorrow's sound Today, exposing the overall mediocrity of the Music Industry.

Signed,

Andrew Loog Oldham"

In other ads, Loog Oldham also coined a new term to describe the song, "Phil Spector's Wall of Sound", which Spector later registered as a trademark.

Assessments by music writers were also highly positive. Nick Logan and Bob Woffinden thought that the song might be "the ultimate pop record ... here [Spector's] genius for production truly bloomed to create a single of epic proportion ..." Richard Williams, who wrote the 1972 biography of Phil Spector Out of His Head, considered the song to be one of the best records ever made, while Charlie Gillett in his 1970 book The Sound of the City: The Rise of Rock and Roll wrote that "the ebb and flow of passion the record achieved had no direct equivalent." Mick Brown, author of a biography of Spector, Tearing Down the Wall of Sound, considered the song to be "Spector's defining moment" and his "most Wagnerian production yet – a funeral march to departed love". The opening line was said to be "one of the most familiar opening passages in the history of pop", and Vanity Fair described the song as "the most erotic duet between men on record". However, when it was first presented on the BBC television panel show Juke Box Jury in January 1965 upon its release in the UK, it was voted a miss by all four panelists, with one questioning if it was played at the right speed.

There were initially reservations about the song from the radio industry; a common complaint was that it was too long, and others also questioned the speed of the song, and thought that the singer "keeps yelling". Some stations refused to play the song after checking its length, or after it had caused them to miss the news. The radio industry trade publication Gavin Report offered the opinion that "blue-eyed soul has gone too far". In Britain, Sam Costa, a DJ on the BBC Light Programme, said that The Righteous Brothers' record was a dirge, adding, "I wouldn't even play it in my toilet." However, despite the initial reservations, the song would become highly popular on radio.

Brian Wilson of the Beach Boys heard the song and rang Mann and Weil in January 1965 to say: "Your song is the greatest record ever. I was ready to quit the music business, but this has inspired me to write again." Wilson later referred to the Beach Boys' 1966 song "Good Vibrations" as his attempt to surpass "You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'". Over the subsequent decades, he recorded numerous unreleased renditions of "You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin. One of them, recorded during the sessions for the 1977 album The Beach Boys Love You, was released on the 2013 compilation Made in California.

Spector himself later rated the song as the pinnacle of his achievement at Philles Records.

Commercial success
"You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin debuted on the American national chart on December 12, 1964. It topped the Billboard Hot 100 on February 6, 1965, and remained there for another week; its 16-week run on the Hot 100 was unusually lengthy at that time. And it was the longest recording to top the chart up to that time. In addition, the single crossed over to the R&B charts, peaking at No. 2. Billboard ranked the record as the No. 5 single of 1965.

The single was released in the UK in January 1965, debuting at No. 35 in the chart dated January 20, 1965. In its fourth week it reached number one, where it remained for two weeks, replaced by the Kinks' "Tired of Waiting for You". It would become the only single to ever enter the UK Top Ten three times, being re-released in 1969 (No. 10), and again in 1990 (No. 3). The 1990 re-release was issued as a double A-sided single with "Ebb Tide" and was a follow-up to the re-release of "Unchained Melody", which had hit number one as a result of being featured in the blockbuster film Ghost. "You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin also reached No. 42 after a 1977 re-release and in 1988 reached No. 87.

In Ireland, "You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin charted twice, first in January 1965, when it peaked at No. 2, and again in December 1990, following its reissue as a double A-sided single with "Ebb Tide", when it climbed to No. 2 again. The original Righteous Brothers recording remains the only version of the song to chart in Ireland. In the Netherlands "You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin" reached No. 8 in March 1965, with three versions ranked together as one entry: those of the Righteous Brothers, Cilla Black (a UK No. 2) and Dutch singer Trea Dobbs (nl).

Accolades
In 1965, the Righteous Brothers recording of "You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin was nominated in the Best Rock and Roll Recording category at the 7th Annual Grammy Awards. It was also awarded Best Pop Single To Date 1965 in the Billboard Disc Jockey Poll.

In 1998, the original 1964 recording of the song on the Philles label was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame.

In 2001, this recording was ranked at No. 9 in the list of Songs of the Century released by the Recording Industry Association of America and the National Endowment for the Arts. In 2004, the same recording was ranked at No. 34 by Rolling Stone magazine in their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. In 2005, "You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin was awarded the Songwriters Hall of Fame's Towering Song Award presented to "the creators of an individual song that has influenced the culture in a unique way over many years".

In 2015, the National Recording Registry of the Library of Congress, which each year selects from 130 years of sound recordings for special recognition and preservation, chose the Righteous Brothers rendition as one of the 25 recordings that have "cultural, artistic and/or historical significance to American society and the nation's audio legacy".

Background
English singer Cilla Black first achieved major chart success by covering Dionne Warwick's newly released American hit "Anyone Who Had a Heart" for the UK market, which gave her a number-one hit in both the UK Singles Chart and the Irish Singles Chart in February 1964, out-performing Dionne Warwick's original version, which only peaked at No. 42 in the UK. Black's producer George Martin repeated this strategy with the Righteous Brothers "You've Lost That Lovin' Feeling" that had just been released in the US. Black's version is shorter with an abbreviated bridge, which she explained by saying: "I don't want people to get bored". The abridgement also removed the necessity of Black's attempting to match the Righteous Brothers' climactic vocal trade-off.

Chart rivalry
Both Cilla Black's and the Righteous Brothers versions of the song debuted on the UK chart in the same week in January 1965, with Black debuting higher at No. 28. According to Tony Hall of Decca Records who was responsible for promoting the Righteous Brothers record in the UK, Black's version was preferred by BBC radio where one of its DJs disparaged the Righteous Brothers' version as a "dirge" and refused to play it. Hall therefore requested that Spector send the Righteous Brothers over to Britain to promote the song so it might have a chance on the chart.

The following week Black remained in ascendancy at No. 12 with the Righteous Brothers at No. 20. The Righteous Brothers came over to Britain, spent a week promoting the song and performed for television shows in Manchester and Birmingham. At the same time, Andrew Loog Oldham placed a full-page ad in Melody Maker promoting the Righteous Brothers version at his own initiative and expense, and urged the readers to watch the Righteous Brothers appearance on the ITV television show Ready Steady Go! In its third week on the February 3, 1965, chart, Black jumped to No. 2, while the Righteous Brothers made an even larger jump to No. 3. Hall recalled meeting at a party Brian Epstein, the manager of Black, who said that Black's version would be number one and told Hall, "You haven't a hope in hell."

However, in its fourth week, Black's version began its descent, dropping to No. 5, while the Righteous Brothers climbed to number one. Cilla Black then reportedly cabled her congratulations to the Righteous Brothers on their reaching number one. Black's version of "You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin would prove to be her highest charting UK single apart from her two number ones: "Anyone Who Had a Heart" and "You're My World". While Black's version was released in Ireland, it did not make the official Irish Singles Chart as published by RTÉ, but it reached No. 5 on the unofficial Evening Herald charts.

Black remade "You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin for her 1985 Surprisingly Cilla album.

Background
In 1969, American singer Dionne Warwick recorded a cover version of "You've Lost That Lovin' Feeling" for her studio album Soulful. Her version was the only single released from the album and it was aimed to showcase Warwick as more of an R&B singer than was evidenced by her work with Burt Bacharach. Co-produced by Warwick and Chips Moman and recorded at American Sound Studios in Memphis, Tennessee, Soulful was one of Warwick's most successful albums peaking at No. 11 on the Billboard 200 album chart. The single "You've Lost That Lovin' Feeling" reached No. 16 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, and charted at No. 13 on the Billboard R&B singles chart. In Australia the Go-Set Top 40 chart ranked Warwick's version of "You've Lost That Lovin' Feeling" with a No. 34 peak in January 1970. In Warwick's version of the song, she spells the last word of the title out fully as "feeling" rather than the usual "feelin.

Year-end charts
(* - unofficial stratified ranking)

Background
In 1971, American singers Roberta Flack and Donny Hathaway recorded a cover version of "You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin. Their version of the song was produced by Joel Dorn and was included on their 1972 self-titled duet album Roberta Flack & Donny Hathaway, issued on the Atlantic Records label. Their version of the song was released as the second single from the album after the Top 30 version of "You've Got a Friend". The Flack/Hathaway take on "You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin reached No. 30 on the Billboard R&B singles chart and charted at No. 71 on the Billboard Hot 100 pop chart. It also reached No. 57 in the Cash Box Top 100 Singles and peaked at No. 53 on the Record World 100 Pop Chart.

Background
In 1979, English blues singer Long John Baldry recorded a cover version of "You've Lost That Loving Feeling as a duet with Kathi McDonald for his album Baldry's Out, the Jimmy Horowitz-produced disc which was Baldry's first recording in his newly adopted homeland of Canada. In this version, Kathi McDonald sang the latter half of the first verse using the part from the second verse ("It makes me just feel like crying ..."), inverting the usual order.

Released as a single, Baldry's "You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin charted at No. 45 on the Canadian RPM singles chart, and spilled over into the US Billboard Hot 100 chart at No. 89. The single also reached No. 2 in Australia in 1980. Bill Medley of the Righteous Brothers told Baldry that he liked their remake of the song better than his own. Baldry had first recorded the song – as "You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin – for his 1966 album Looking at Long John. The Baldry/McDonald duet version of "You've Lost That Loving Feeling" also reached No. 37 in New Zealand.

Background
In 1980, the American musical duo Hall & Oates recorded a cover version of "You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin for their ninth studio album Voices. Their version of the song was produced by the duo and included a sparse arrangement contrasting with the lavish Righteous Brothers original version. It was the second non-original song Hall & Oates had ever recorded. According to Oates, this was the last song recorded for the album, as it had been deemed complete with the other ten tracks. However, Hall and Oates felt that there was "something missing" from the album. Then they came across the Righteous Brothers' version of the song on a jukebox machine while going out to get food and they decided to cover it. They went back to the studio, cut it in a period of four hours, and placed on the album.

The track was issued on RCA Records as the album's second single after the original "How Does It Feel to Be Back" peaked at No. 30 on the Billboard Hot 100. The November peak of No. 12 on the Hot 100 chart made "You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin the first Hall & Oates single to ascend higher than No. 18 since the number one hit "Rich Girl" in the spring of 1977. "You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin also reached No. 15 on the Billboard Adult Contemporary chart, on the Radio & Records Airplay chart the song debuted at No. 30 on the September 26, 1980, issue, after seven weeks it reached and peaked at No. 4 staying there for one week, the song stayed on the top 10 of the chart for six weeks and remained on it for thirteen. It also reached No. 55 in the UK Singles Chart.

Other versions

 * 1965 – Joan Baez with Phil Spector on piano, at The Big T.N.T. Show
 * 1968 – Nancy Sinatra with Lee Hazlewood on the album Nancy & Lee.
 * 1970 – Elvis Presley on the album That's the Way It Is
 * 1970 – Isaac Hayes, with the song also appearing on the compilation LP Portrait of Isaac Hayes (1973).
 * 1975 – "You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin charted C&W at No. 41 for Barbara Fairchild in 1975.
 * 1975 - The song was covered by Telly Savalas as a follow-up to his No. 1 single in the UK charts "If". It reached No. 47 in the UK charts.
 * 1979 - The Human League created a synth-pop version on their first album Reproduction.
 * 1984 - The Flying Pickets released an a capella version on their album Lost Boys.
 * 1985 – British supergroup The Firm recorded the song for their debut album.
 * 1986 – A remake of "You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin by Grant & Forsyth (formerly of Guys 'n' Dolls) reached no. 48 in the Netherlands.
 * 1988 – Carroll Baker took the song to No. 7 on the Country Singles chart in Canada.
 * 1996 – Günther Neefs reached No. 31 on the Belgian charts (Flemish region) with his 1996 recording "You've Lost That Lovin' Feeling".
 * 2002 – The song charted at No. 57 in Netherlands in 2002 for André Hazes & Johnny Logan.

Popularity
The song is highly popular on the radio; according to the performing-rights organization Broadcast Music, Inc. (BMI), it became the most-played song of all time on American radio in 1997 with over 7 million airplays (all versions), overtaking the Beatles' "Yesterday". At the end of 1999, the song was ranked by the BMI as the most-played song of the 20th century, having been broadcast more than 8 million times on American radio and television, and it remains the most-played song, having accumulated almost 15 million airplays in the US by 2011. The song also received 11 BMI Pop Awards by 1997, the most for any song, and has received 14 in total so far. In 2019, "Every Breath You Take" by The Police displaced it as the most played song on US radio.

The popularity of the song also means that it is one of the highest grossing songs for its copyright holders. It was estimated by the BBC programme The Richest Songs in the World in 2012 to be the third biggest earner of royalties of all songs, behind "White Christmas" and "Happy Birthday to You".

One reason for the song's resurgence during the mid-1980s was the song's inclusion in the iconic 1986 film Top Gun. After Maverick (assisted by Goose) serenades his love interest with the tune, she returns the favor by selecting it on the jukebox at his old hangout to catch his attention and reunite. As the end credits begin to roll, the main character, Maverick, literally flies off into the sunset as the Righteous Brothers harmonic chorus continues in the background.

The song also made a significant appearance in the TV sitcom Cheers. It was said to be the favorite song of main character Rebecca Howe (Kirstie Alley) in the episode "Please Mr. Postman" and was included in multiple episodes throughout the series.

The song has been adopted as a terrace chant by supporters of English football club Nottingham Forest. On September 14, 2013, Bill Medley visited Forest's City Ground to meet supporters before a match against Barnsley.

title: You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'


text: Category:Afghan sportspeople

title: Category:Afghan sportspeople


text: User talk:65.189.165.114

title: User talk:65.189.165.114


text: User talk:216.120.184.2

title: User talk:216.120.184.2


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MediaWiki:Undeletehistorynoadmin

This page has been deleted. The reason for deletion is shown in the summary below, along with details of the users who had edited this page before deletion. The actual text of these deleted revisions is only available to administrators who are not blocked.

title: MediaWiki:Undeletehistorynoadmin


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User talk:Kier07

Nice edit to Theorem, I've been wondering how to expand the article as its WP:MCOTW and you seem to have found the way.

BTW have you considered joining WikiProject Mathematics, you can add your name to WikiProject Mathematics/Participants and join in general discussion at WT:WPM. --Salix alba (talk) 23:13, 26 April 2007 (UTC)

Mathematics CotW
Hey, as per your good edits on theorem, I am writing you to let you know that the Mathematics Collaboration of the week(soon to "of the month") is getting an overhaul of sorts and I would encourage you to participate in whatever way you can, i.e. nominate an article, contribute to an article, or sign up to be part of the project. Any help would be greatly appreciated, thanks--Cronholm144 22:56, 13 May 2007 (UTC)

Oort cloud
I think I've fixed your issue.  Serendi pod ous  11:17, 4 April 2008 (UTC)

Article whose FAC you commented on before, up for FAC again
FYI, an article that you gave comments on during a previous FAC a while back, is up at FAC again. See Featured article candidates/Early life and military career of John McCain. Wasted Time R (talk) 11:32, 8 July 2008 (UTC)

Shakespeare's Influence
Hello SouthernNights. Upon seeing that you reverted my edits to the Shakespeare's influence article, I perused your user page and saw that you were the originator of this article. No doubt you feel a special pride, and a special responsibility to protect it.

Please understand: I was not trying to harm the article; I was trying to improve it. It is official Wikipedia policy that unsubstantiated, implausible claims should be aggressively weeded out. Among the things coming from the Jayne Aden paper: "Shakespeare used around 20,138 new words." This strikes me as bordering on patent nonsense. Depending on how it's counted, this is more than Shakespeare's entire working vocabulary. The Shakespeare's influence article itself says earlier that "It is widely assumed that Shakespeare himself introduced more words into English than all the other writers of his time combined, over 1,700 by some estimates." The figure 20,138 is off by an order of magnitude!

No, I do not think Jayne Aden's paper was ever a legitimate source. She is not a Shakespearean scholar; she was an undergraduate at Black Hills State University at the time she wrote the paper. Of course, this doesn't necessarily disqualify the paper -- undergraduates do sometimes get their research published in journals. But I don't think Aden's paper was ever published. It was a paper for a course, English 426 (History and Structures of English), taught by one Roger Ochse. It seems he put his students' papers up on the web, but he's no longer a faculty member there and the link is no longer active.

If this were a dead link to a journal article, I would understand that it's still a legitimate source. Because in that case, it's verifiable; one can go find the journal and read the article, and presumably the article was peer-reviewed. This is not the case here. For all we know, this paper literally no longer exists. And I don't see any evidence that it was a legitimate scholarly work to begin with. My objection is, I think, a reasonable one -- and the burden of proof rests on you, not me. (You claim it's an acceptable resource. Back up your claim.)

I have no interest in getting involved in an edit war with you, or getting emotionally involved. I will respect that this is "your turf". I was simply trying to improve Wikipedia... I think it's a shame if you are unwilling to let change come to an article that badly needs to be changed. Believe me, with references like Aden's paper this article will never be featured article material. Kier07 (talk) 05:34, 13 November 2008 (UTC)
 * Actually, you're overthinking why I reverted the edit. Personally I agree that the reference is a weak one and that the info on the number of words created by Shakespeare is closer to 1700. While I created the article, I sure as heck didn't enter that reference or information (my original version is far shorter and lacks those sections altogether, as seen here).

 * The reason I reverted your edit is two fold: First, your edit summary mentioned only the dead link issue, which isn't a valid reason to remove a reference. Second, aside from the wrong estimate of created words, the other information you removed appears to be correct, even if the reference is weak. I don't think it is proper to remove information and a reference without providing a better reference to replace it. If you want to remove the word count, please simply provide a new estimate and a reference to back it up. As for the other info, feel free to rewrite that section as you please as long as you provide a new reference to back things up. But simply removing a citation and info, then placing a "citation needed" tag on that section, is not how I prefer to edit. Best,--SouthernNights (talk) 00:43, 14 November 2008 (UTC)

You should read up on Wikipedia citations here, where it states that if a citation's link goes dead, all you do is deactivate the link because "Even with an inactive link, the citation still records a source that was used, and provides a context for understanding archiving delays or for taking other actions." A citation with a dead link is still a valid citation. Anyway, since you're not interested in editing the article, I'll dig up the correct info on the number of new words Shakespeare created and provide a new link for that. But I'm going to leave the reference for the other info b/c it appears to be correct and, as I said, a weak reference is better than no reference. When either myself or another editor finds a stronger reference, we'll replace it.--SouthernNights (talk) 01:52, 15 November 2008 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
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ArbCom 2022 Elections voter message
 Hello! Voting in the 2022 Arbitration Committee elections is now open until 23:59 (UTC) on. All eligible users are allowed to vote. Users with alternate accounts may only vote once.

The Arbitration Committee is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the Wikipedia arbitration process. It has the authority to impose binding solutions to disputes between editors, primarily for serious conduct disputes the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the authority to impose site bans, topic bans, editing restrictions, and other measures needed to maintain our editing environment. The arbitration policy describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail.

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title: User talk:Kier07


text:
Veselí nad Moravou

Veselí nad Moravou (, Wessely/Wesseli (an der March)) is a town in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 11,000 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected by law as an urban monument zone.

Administrative parts
The town parts of Milokošť and Zarazice are administrative parts of Veselí nad Moravou.

Geography
Veselí nad Moravou is located about 21 km northeast of Hodonín. The western part of the municipal territory lies in the Lower Morava Valley and the eastern part lies in the Vizovice Highlands. The highest point is the hill Radošov with an elevation of 246 m. The town lies on the Morava river. Part of the Baťa Canal runs along the river.

History
The first written mention of Veselí nad Moravou is from 1261, when a water castle with a settlement existed here. In 1397, a town that took the name Veselí was founded. The original settlement developed separately and was known as Předměstí Veselí (i.e. "Veselí Suburb").

In 1526, Veselí was acquired by Hynek Bilík of Kornice who had the castle rebuilt into a Renaissance residence. In the Thirty Years' War, Veselí and Předměstí Veselí were burned down several times, and the castle was looted. The Chorinský family, who bought the Veselí estate in 1731, had rebuilt the castle to its current Neoclassical form in 1834–1840.

In 1886, the town of Veselí was renamed Veselí nad Moravou. In 1887 and 1888, the railway to Brno and to Rohatec was built. In 1919, Veselí nad Moravou, Předměstí Veselí, and until then independent Jewish community merged into one whole. In 1950, Zarazice was joined to the town, and in 1964, Milokošť was joined. Both originally independent municipalities urbanistically fused with the town.

Transport
Veselí nad Moravou lies on an interregional railway line heading from Brno to Uherské Hradiště and on a regional line from Hodonín to Vrbovce, Slovakia.

Sights
The Veselí nad Moravou Castle was damaged in the World War II and by subsequent insensitive use. It is gradually repaired and is not accessible to the public. Its part is a large castle park with a set of ponds, which is freely accessible. In the park is a castle administration building from around 1800.

The historic centre is located on an island in the Morava river. It consists of the Bartolomějské Square with the Church of Saint Bartholomew, built from 1733 to 1741, and with the Town Museum.

The former Servite monastery with the Church of the Holy Guardian Angels is a significant baroque monument from the 18th century. The monastery was founded in 1714 and abolished in 1784. The construction of the church was finished in 1764. Part of the monastery buildings serves today as the town hall.

The Church of the Virgin Mary is the oldest church in Veselí. It was first mentioned in 1360. Preserved Romanesque-Gothic elements indicate that it was built in the late 13th century.

Panský dvůr ("Manor house") was originally a complex of farm buildings and large granary, built in 1646. The only preserved house served as an administrative building and today houses the regional tourist information centre, a small museum, a gallery and cultural spaces.

Notable people

 * Fred Sersen (1890–1962), painter and cinema special effects artist
 * Karel Benedík (1923–1997), painter; died here
 * Milan Puzrla (1946–2021), cyclist

Twin towns – sister cities
Veselí nad Moravou is twinned with:
 * 🇮🇹 Crespellano (Valsamoggia), Italy
 * 🇸🇰 Malacky, Slovakia
 * 🇵🇱 Żnin, Poland

title: Veselí nad Moravou


text:
Siege of Tsingtao

The Siege of Tsingtao (Belagerung von Tsingtau; 青島の戦い; ) was the attack on the German port of Qingdao (Tsingtao) from Jiaozhou Bay during World War I by Japan and the United Kingdom. The siege was waged against Imperial Germany between 27 August and 7 November 1914. The siege was the first encounter between Japanese and German forces, the first Anglo-Japanese operation of the war, and the only major land battle in the Asian and Pacific theatre during World War I.

Background
Throughout the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Germany joined other European powers in a scramble for colonial possessions. As with the other world powers (including the United States and Japan), Germany began to interfere in Chinese local affairs. After two German missionaries were killed in the Juye Incident in 1897, China was forced to agree to the Jiaozhou Bay Leased Territory in Shandong to Germany in 1898 on a 99-year lease. Germany then began to assert its influence across the rest of the province and built the city and port of Qingdao, which became the base of the German East Asia Squadron of the Kaiserliche Marine (Imperial Navy), which operated in support of the German colonies in the Pacific. Britain viewed the German presence in China with suspicion and leased Weihaiwei, also in Shandong, as a naval port and coaling station. Russia leased its own station at Port Arthur (now Lüshunkou) and France at Kouang-Tchéou-Wan. Britain also began to forge close ties with Japan, and diplomatic relations became closer, with the Anglo-Japanese Alliance being signed on 30 January 1902. Japan saw the alliance as a necessary deterrent to its main rival, Russia. Japan demonstrated its potential by its victory in the 1904–1905 Russo-Japanese War, and the alliance continued into World War I.

When the war in Europe began in August 1914, Britain promptly requested Japanese assistance. On 15 August, Japan issued an ultimatum, stating that Germany must withdraw her warships from Chinese and Japanese waters and transfer control of its port of Qingdao to Japan. The next day, Major-General Mitsuomi Kamio, General Officer Commanding (GOC), 18th Infantry Division, was ordered to prepare to take Qingdao by force. The ultimatum expired on 23 August, and Japan declared war on Germany. At the beginning of hostilities in Europe, the ships of the East Asia Squadron under Vice Admiral Maximilian von Spee were dispersed at various Pacific colonies on routine missions. Spee's ships rendezvoused in the Northern Mariana Islands for coaling. SMS Emden (1906) then headed for the Indian Ocean, while the rest of the squadron made their way to the west coast of South America. The squadron engaged and destroyed two cruisers of a Royal Navy squadron at the Battle of Coronel, before itself being destroyed at the Battle of the Falkland Islands in the South Atlantic.

German defences
The Boxer Rebellion, at the beginning of the century, had led Germany to consider the defence of Qingdao. The port and the town were divided from the rest of the peninsula by steep hills. The main line of defence lay along three hills, Mount Moltke, Mount Bismarck, and Mount Iltis, from the Kaiserstuhl to Litsuner Heights. Guarding the left wing was Fort Moltke, on the hill of the same name, with two 9.4 in. (240 mm) guns. The heaviest firepower was concentrated in the four 11 in. (280 mm) howitzers of Fort Bismarck. On the right wing, Fort Iltis contained two 9.4 in. guns at the hill's summit. A second 17 km line of defence was set up along a closer line of steep hills. The final line of defence was along hills 200 m above the town. A network of trenches, batteries, and other fortifications had been built in preparation for the coming siege. Germany had strengthened the defences from the sea by laying mines in the approaches to the harbour and building four batteries and five redoubts. The fortifications were well equipped (though some with obsolete Chinese artillery) and were well manned.

Prelude

On 27 August the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) sent ships under Vice-Admiral Sadakichi Kato, flying his flag in the pre-dreadnought battleship JAPANESE BATTLESHIP Suwo, to blockade the coast of Jiaozhou. The British Royal Navy (RN) strengthened the Japanese fleet by sending the China Station's pre-dreadnought HMS Triumph (1903) and the destroyer HMS Usk (1903). The French Navy contributed with the cruiser Dupleix, who left the area when Japan assumed responsibility of the blockade on September 9th. On October 14, the Triumph was slightly damaged by a German shore battery, killing one member of its crew and injuring two others. The blockading fleet consisted mainly of nearly obsolete warships, though it did at times include a few modern vessels. These included the dreadnoughts JAPANESE BATTLESHIP Kawachi, JAPANESE BATTLESHIP Settsu, the battlecruiser JAPANESE BATTLESHIP Kongō, her sister Hiei, and the seaplane carrier JAPANESE SEAPLANE CARRIER Wakamiya, whose airplanes became the first of its kind in the world to attack sea and land targets. These Japanese airplanes would also take part in another military first, a night-time bombing raid.

The 18th Infantry Division was the primary Japanese Army formation that took part in the initial landings, numbering some 23,000 soldiers with support from 142 artillery pieces. They began to land on 2 September at Lungkow, which was experiencing heavy floods at the time, and later at Lau Schan Bay on 18 September, about 29 km east of Qingdao. China protested against the Japanese violation of her neutrality but did not interfere in the operations.

The British Government and the other European great powers were concerned about Japanese intentions in the region and decided to send a small symbolic British contingent from Tientsin in an effort to allay their fears. The 1,500-man contingent was commanded by Brigadier-General Nathaniel Walter Barnardiston and consisted of 1,000 soldiers of the 2nd Battalion, The South Wales Borderers; later followed by 500 soldiers of the 36th Sikhs. Following a friendly fire incident, British troops were given Japanese raincoats to wear so they would be more easily identifiable to the Japanese. The grandfather of film director Peter Jackson, William John Jackson (1889-1940) was present at the siege.

The Germans responded to the threat against Qingdao by concentrating all of their available East Asian troops in the city. Kaiser Wilhelm II made the defence of Qingdao a top priority, saying that "... it would shame me more to surrender Tsingtao to the Japanese than Berlin to the Russians". The German garrison, commanded by naval Captain and Governor Alfred Meyer-Waldeck, consisted of the marines of III Seebataillon, naval personnel, Chinese colonial troops, and Austro-Hungarian sailors, for a total strength of 3,625 men. He also had a modest complement of vessels, including the torpedo boat SMS S90; the decommissioned unprotected cruiser SMS Cormoran (1892); the auxiliary cruiser SMS Cormoran (1909), which was the former captured Russian steamer Ryazan manned with the crew of cruiser Cormoran; four small gunboats: the SMS Iltis, SMS Jaguar, SMS Tiger, and SMS Luchs; and the Austro-Hungarian protected cruiser SMS Kaiserin Elisabeth, whose crew was initially divided in two: half to man the ship, and half to fight with the German land forces.

On 22 August HMS Kennet (1903) of the China squadron, under the command of Lieutenant Commander F. A. Russell, while routinely monitoring the naval trade routes, encountered and was damaged in action by the German torpedo boat S90, the German gunboat SMS Lauting and a 4-inch shore battery off Qingdao. She was hit twice from the retreating S90.

Siege

As the Japanese approached their positions, Meyer-Waldeck withdrew his forces from the two outer defensive lines and concentrated his troops on the innermost line of defence along the hills closest to the town. The Austro-Hungarian cruiser SMS Kaiserin Elisabeth was stationed in Qingdao at the start of the war. On 2 September 1914 the German gunboat Jaguar sank the stranded JAPANESE DESTROYER Shirotae. On 5 September a Japanese reconnaissance airplane scouted the port and reported that the Asian German fleet had departed, the Japanese ordered the dreadnought, pre-dreadnought, and cruiser to leave the blockade. The next day the second air-sea battle in history took place (the first air-sea battle in history was at the Balkan wars in 1913) when a Farman seaplane launched by the Wakamiya unsuccessfully attacked the Kaiserin Elisabeth and the Jaguar in Qiaozhou Bay with bombs. Early in the siege, the Kaiserin Elisabeth and German gunboat Jaguar made an unsuccessful sortie against Japanese vessels blockading Qingdao. Later, the cruiser's 15cm and 4.7cm guns were removed from the ship and mounted onshore, creating the Batterie Elisabeth. The ship's crew took part in the defence of Qingdao. On 13 September the Japanese land forces launched a cavalry raid on the German rear guard at Jimo, which the Germans gave up and retreated. Subsequently, the Japanese took control of Jiaozhou and the Shandong railway. Lt. Gen. Kamio considered this the point of no return for his land forces and as the weather became extremely harsh he took no risk and fortified the troops at the town, returned the reinforcements that were on the way, re-embarked and landed at Lau Schan Bay.

On 26 September, Kamio resumed his advance, and the Germans were forced to retreat beyond the river Litsun. The Japanese made good time, crossing the river Paisha early in the day, swiftly crossing the seven-mile lowland plain and reaching the northern bank of the Litsun.

On 27 September, Kamio tried to take Prince Heinrich Hill by a frontal assault and was caught in a murderous crossfire. From the summit, the Germans rained down bullets from four Maxim guns. Out in the harbour, Kaiserin Elisabeth and Leopard shelled the exposed slopes, nearly routing the Japanese right flank. The Japanese assault was saved by the allied fleet. As the siege progressed, the naval vessels trapped in the harbour, Cormoran, Iltis and Luchs, were scuttled on 28 September. On 17 October, the torpedo boat S90 slipped out of Qingdao harbour and fired a torpedo which sank the Japanese cruiser JAPANESE CRUISER Takachiho with the loss of 271 officers and men. S90 was unable to run the blockade back to Qingdao and was scuttled in Chinese waters when the ship ran low on fuel. Tiger was scuttled on 29 October, Kaiserin Elisabeth on 2 November, followed finally by Jaguar on 7 November, the day the fortress surrendered to the Japanese forces.

The Japanese started shelling the fort and the city on 31 October and began digging parallel lines of trenches, just as they had done at the siege of Port Arthur nine years earlier. Very large 11inch howitzers from land, in addition to the firing of the Japanese naval guns, brought the German defences under constant bombardment during the night, the Japanese moving their own trenches further forward under the cover of their artillery. The bombardment continued for seven days, employing around 100 siege guns with 1,200 shells each on the Japanese side. While the Germans were able to use the heavy guns of the port fortifications to bombard the landward positions of the Allies, they soon ran out of ammunition. When the artillery ran out of ammunition on 6 November, surrender was inevitable.

The German garrison was able to field only a single Etrich Taube airplane during the siege flown by Lieutenant Gunther Plüschow. (A second Etrich Taube piloted by Lt. Friedrich Müllerskowsky crashed early in the campaign.) That airplane was used for frequent reconnaissance flights and Plüschow made several nuisance attacks on the blockading squadron dropping improvised munitions and other ordnance on them. Plüschow claimed the downing of a Japanese Farman MF.VII with his pistol, the first aerial victory in aviation history. Plüschow flew from Qingdao on 6 November 1914 carrying the governor's last dispatches, which were forwarded to Berlin through neutral diplomatic channels.

On the night of 6 November, waves of Japanese infantry attacked the third line of defence and overwhelmed the defenders. The next morning, the German forces, along with their Austro-Hungarian allies, asked for terms. The Allies took formal possession of the colony on 16 November 1914.

Aftermath

As the German garrison was able to hold out for nearly two months despite the naval blockade with sustained artillery bombardment and being outnumbered 6 to 1, the defeat nevertheless temporarily served as a morale booster. The German defenders watched the Japanese with curiosity as they marched into Qingdao but turned their backs on the British when they entered into town. So deep was their anger that some German officers spat in the faces of their British counterparts.

Japanese casualties numbered 733 killed and 1,282 wounded; the British had 12 killed and 53 wounded. The German defenders lost 199 dead and 504 wounded. The German dead were buried at Qingdao, while the remaining soldiers were transported to prisoner of war camps in Japan. During the march to Qingdao and the subsequent siege, Japanese forces killed 98 Chinese civilians and wounded 30; there were also countless incidents of rape against Chinese women committed by Japanese soldiers. . The German troops were interned in Japan until the formal signature of the Versailles peace treaty in 1919, but due to technical questions, the troops were not repatriated before 1920. 170 prisoners chose to remain in Japan after the end of the war.

title: Siege of Tsingtao


text:
Brooklyn Community Board 11

Brooklyn Community Board 11 is New York City community board that encompasses the Brooklyn neighborhoods of Bath Beach, Gravesend, Mapleton, and Bensonhurst. It is delimited by Bay 8th Street and 14th Avenue on the west, 61st Street on the north, McDonald Avenue on the east, as well as by Avenue U and Gravesend Bay on the south.

The current chairperson is William Guarinello, and the current district manager is Marnee Elias-Pavia.

As of the 2020 United States Census, the Community Board has a population of 198,527 up from 182,000 from the 2010 Census. As of 2020 the population formed of, (43.5%) Asian, (36.3%) White Non-Hispanic, (1.2%) Black Non-Hispanic, and (2.7%) Two or more races. The Hispanic population is at (15.8%).

In the 2010 United States Census, the Community Board has a population of 182,000 up from 172,129 in 2000. As of 2010 the population formed of, (44.2 %) White Non-Hispanic, (0.9 %) Black, (39.1 %) Asian, (1.5 %) Other Race, and (14.4 %) of Hispanic origin. With over 55.5% of the residents being foreign born.

title: Brooklyn Community Board 11


text: Category:User el-4

title: Category:User el-4


text:
Ribnica, Croatia

Ribnica is a small village in Croatia, 25 km south-east of Zagreb. It is administratively a part of the city of Velika Gorica and it has a population of 803 (census 2011).

title: Ribnica, Croatia