text:
Talk:Mase

Copyright
The original page was largely copied from EMI's page on Mase: http://www.emimusicpub.com/worldwide/artist_profile/mase_profile.html. I have written a stub to replace the copyright violation once the Copyright Problems procedures are complete. --FuriousFreddy 15:16, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

Move Request
It was requested that this article be renamed but there was no consensus for it be moved. Wikipedia does not use fancy symbols in article titles, no matter how much Macy*s, Ma$e, or anyone else may want us to. Dragons flight 06:11, September 7, 2005 (UTC)

 * Oppose move. — Knowledge Seeker দ 00:27, September 1, 2005 (UTC)

What the hell is Going on
Mase is one of the most best rappers alive and I hope he come back to spotlight.Who ever said that he was one of the most dislike is hating and when I find out who said i am going to kill them

Every rapper in diplomats

Fabolous

Paul cain

Loon

Unlce Murda

the remaining members of Harlem world

Absolutely none of the controversies associated with the man who went from "Minister to Sinister" are listed here, and therefore the article is incomplete. Debo7 (talk) 01:41, 12 February 2008 (UTC)

Rename the article!
He's "Murda Ma$e" again! Rename it!

 * Since Ma$e has been spelling out his name for 10 years as "em-ay-dollarSign-ee", the article should be titled "Ma$e" with redirects from "Murda Ma$e", "Murda Mase", and "Mase" leading to "Ma$e". —Preceding unsigned comment added by Delorenzo (talk • contribs)

 * The Wikipedia search engine is perfectly capable of handling searches for titles containing the "$" character".

 * Please rename the article using the '$' in place of the 's'

 * The article should stay titled as "Ma$e" until further notice. There has been no official changing of his name. The one mixtape he released under G-Unit his name is "Ma$e" on the cover. That's the latest release we've seen from him.--66.30.186.224 17:01, 12 June 2006 (UTC)

I was wondering is it Murda Mase (or Ma$e) or Mase(Ma$e) Murda (Murder). I always thought it was Murda Mase, (not Mase Murder). I used to listen to alot of Children of the Corn tracks and heard him referred to Murda Mase a few times, but mostly it was Murda Mase. I'm not trying to debate the S vs. $ usage, just the order of Murda Mase or Mase Murda. Also on the children of the corn page it is Murda Mase. So can someone answer my question and fix either this page or the c.o.c. page. - TydAmaNN58

Year of birth
Will someone please stop changing his year of birth to 1978!!! he was born in 1974, as it says in his 2002 autobiography and on imdb. com. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 134.74.166.157 (talk • contribs) 19:19, 11 April 2006 (UTC)
 * YOU FOOL HE CAME OUT IN 1997 WHEN HE WAS 19 WORK IT OUT FOOL, IN 88 HE WAS 10 IN 98 HE WAS 20 AND IN 2008 HE WILL BE 30 —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 195.210.65.31 (talk • contribs) 11:17, 13 April 2006 (UTC)
 * There are a couple sources that even say he was born in 1977 ... So it's either 1974, 1977, or 1978!(allmusic.com) Argh, which is it?! Amchow78 18:08, 16 April 2006 (UTC)
 * According to imdb, its 1974. the person above had no sources listed, so for now it should be 1974. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 172.148.36.100 (talk • contribs) 04:58, 22 April 2006 (UTC)
 * NO WHERE DOES IN HIS AUTOBIOGRAPGHY SAY THAT MASE WAS BORN IN 1974! IT DOES NOT LIST HIS DATE OF BIRTH, THE REVELATIONS ONLY TOUCHES ON HIS CHILDHOOD, IT IS MAINLY ABOUT HOW HE GAVE UP RAP, NOW PLEASE TELL ME WHO CAME UP WITH THE IDEA THAT IT LISTS HIS DATE OF BORTH IN HIS BOOK LIME AFTER THE LIGHT? PLEASE HE WAQS BORN IN 1978 NO WONDER ONE TRUSTS WIKIPEDIA.

AllMusicGuide says 1978, IMDB says 1974 and Wikipedia now says 1977. We need clear proof of the year of birth here. Hotwine8 03:37, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

VH1 says 1977. I'd go with them over a website like IMDB which is similar to Wiki, in that users submit the information most of the time. Chad Hennings 22:07, 27 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Mase himself wrote in his book Revelations that he was born on August 27, 1975 – refer to page 16, the first page of Chapter Two, subtitled "In the Beginning". AllMusic now says August 27, 1977. IMDb still says August 27, 1974, but that website allows users to change the information, making it unreliable. XXL Mag says August 27, 1975, and it's pretty detailed, saying he graduated Manhattan Center High School in 1994. Back in 1999, Vibe magazine said he was 17 in the summer of 1995, which puts his birth year at 1978 or 1977, depending on what part of summer Vibe was talking about. But none of these have the authority of Mase writing in his book. Binksternet (talk) 00:50, 3 October 2017 (UTC)

Signed to G-Unit
Is the signing to g-unit finalized yet? i cant find any info on this. But i thought that he was already signed since he appeared in the Window Shopper video. --Darkneonflame 02:15, 1 August 2006 (UTC)

That deal fell through, it's was the price that 50 Cent wanted out of the deal. A million! Sean Combs wanted eight million for the release of the contract and publishing. That lead to the "fall-out". Combs is still attached to the rapper. The rapper owes Combs three albums under the six album contract deal. He released, Harlem World, Double Up, and Welcome Back. At last time the rapper was signed to Derrty/Fo'Reel Entertainment/Bad Boy Records. Derrty Records and Fo'Reel Entertainment are labels that host hitmaker Nelly, Murphy Lee, and Ali. I hope that clears up any situations! I don't know if Cudda Luv still attached to Mase but if he is....LILVOKA 02:31, 1 August 2006 (UTC)

Ya so hes signed with Nelly and Diddy??? --Darkneonflame 02:35, 1 August 2006 (UTC)

Sad, but true as the addressed claims otherwise. LILVOKA 02:39, 1 August 2006 (UTC)

Im still confused... so many sources say hes on G-Unit and that he left bad boy, but i dont kno. --Darkneonflame 02:44, 1 August 2006 (UTC)

I'm thinking anything related to G-Unit should be rewritten in the past tense, as he is no longer listed on G-Unit World's MySpace pages. LILVOKA got it right when he said the deal fell through. He did one mixtape with G-Unit (Radio Pt. 16) and that song on the GRoDT soundtrack, but that's about it. Lmz00 00:59, 17 August 2006 (UTC)

So...
Okay, now I'm thinking a certain Wikipedian who I won't point out specifically, but who's username begins with the letter L (and ends in ILVOKA) should be blocked from editing this page (at the very least, anyway). :\

1. Why would you change

which included a prominent sample of Kool & the Gang's "Hollywood Swinging" and the chorus from Miami Sound Machine's "Bad Boy". to

which included a prominent sample of Kool & the Gang's "Hollywood Swinging" and the chorus from Miami Sound Machine's for the single "Bad Boy".

??? That doesn't make any sense whatsoever. Are you telling me that Mase had a single called "Bad Boy" (which he doesn't), that samples a song called Miami Sound Machine (which isn't even a song)?

2. I think you've just set a world record for the amount of times "the rapper" is used in a single article.

I could certainly go on, but I won't. Lmz00 03:07, 12 September 2006 (UTC)

Could Wikipedia change this little grammar mistake in Feuds with rappers: [...] Loon has has since been interviewed saying that he and Mase have no beef. Have a nice day!

This is what I edited for the article!
September 21, 2006. No vandalism, no weasel words, sourcing, and no copyright violations. This edit war with Lmz00 has gotten to a point where I refuse to answer to the user. The user cannont resolve this dispute without using inactive comments toward myself and others. It's just simplified just to compromise a fair look at the article without using too many links and notable likeness. And for the user to use 50 instead of 50 Cent, that just another way of saying a number said this instead of an rapper. Just look at the current version. The last time I edit this article was about at least a week ago. I asked for a protection to inactive users who choice not to compromise, and refuse to work as a community. Please try to work with others and myself, we are not ruin anyone's edits. We just trying to make Wikipedia better. If you choose to continue your actions, you enable others who maliciously ruin articles and ruin the context of being a free encylopedia. I can say we're pretty lucky that Jimbo Wells has made this to be a free encylopedia. You should consider yourself greatful. Now if you want to make edits (as for fun or whatever) that fit your needs you can consider, Uncyclopedia, Rap dictionary, and numerous others. Please work with us Lmz00, not against us. Thanks. LILVOKA 15:32, 29 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Again with the personal attacks. Like always, it's not helping or hurting me, it really hurts yourself. Once again refrain from personal attacks. LILVOKA 16:17, 29 September 2006 (UTC).

Your response
Mind you, I haven't edited the Mase article in quite some time. My reverts have simply been reverts to edits made by other users. The reason for this is mainly because your writing skills aren't really up to par with those that one might expect from an encyclopedia article. That, and you tend to either include nonsense in your edits, remove info. of relevance, or both. You keep mentioning wanting to resolve "disputes," however, everytime I call you out on your edits, you disappear (and then reappear on various Admin Talk pages trying to portray me as a vandal). You've tried to have me blocked, which there was no basis for. You've tried requesting mediation, and your case was rejected. I suggest you give it a rest. I've also noticed that you seem to avoid giving a direct answer to questions. Anyway, since you were so kind as to refer me to those websites, I figured I'd return the favor by suggesting you visit the following:

Simple English Wikipedia - This is probably where you should be editing, given your apparent education level.

"HOW TO WRITE WELL!" - You (including your User page, articles you edit, and Wikipedia as a whole) would also benefit greatly from this handy dandy website.

Have a nice day! I'll be back on Monday, try not to miss me too much. ;) And remember... stay in school, and don't do drugs! :) Your friendly neighborhood Wikipedian. Lmz00 16:08, 29 September 2006 (UTC)

My response
I refuse (and I mean refuse) to answer to you and your user page! This talk page is the only way you'll hear from me. It's the only way! There are no personal conflicts toward you, it's just another move that I've made to avoid confrontational responses. Now, had you left comments that were nicer, I would have responded! Because of your personal attacks, you are getting nothing. That's not simple English, it's common sense. Thank you. LILVOKA 16:28, 29 September 2006 (UTC).

My response to your response to my response
Well... I don't even have a user page (they're overrated), but I must say that's one mighty bold move you've made there. In that case, I guess I'd better hang around here more often, because I seriously (and I mean seriously) don't know what I would do if there weren't any way for me to hear from you. I just can't get enough LILVOKA in my life. :[

And on another note, I'm sorry you deem my responses to your "responses" to be "personal attacks." Try not to be so sensitive? And hey... consider me fixing some of the errors in your response a token of kindness. You take care, now! :) Lmz00 23:35, 2 October 2006 (UTC)

Disambiguation
Can somebody who can edit the page add a disambiguation to Mase, Switzerland at the top? Rigadoun (talk) 19:00, 29 September 2006 (UTC)

Edit requests
Please make the following changes to the page: Thanks. Khatru2 05:24, 2 October 2006 (UTC)
 * 1) Place the template at the top of the page so it is clear that the page is protected.
 * 2) Place a disambiguation notice below that (per the above user) which reads :This article is about the rapper. For the municipality in Switzerland, see Mase, Switzerland.
 * 3) Diambiguate the link in the Retirement section so it points directly to the Georgia (U.S. state) article ( Georgia )
 * Now done; thanks for asking. (and for the nicely copyable examples) JesseW, the juggling janitor 09:01, 2 October 2006 (UTC)

Hi I'm no wiki expert but i just noticed the use of the word beef. Without an explination of this or even a link from it to it's own page, I feel that some people may be confused by this. I think it would be better to change it to 'dispute' or something similar that everyone understands. OR... someone could make a page for "beef" ?
 * beef has been linked to hip hop rivalries Taco325i 12:58, 1 December 2006 (UTC)

Well...
Since you're into making changes, I suggest you keep up the good work by changing:

-which included a prominent sample of Kool & the Gang's "Hollywood Swinging" and the chorus from Miami Sound Machine's for the single "Bad Boy".

back to

-which included a prominent sample of Kool & the Gang's "Hollywood Swinging" and the chorus from Miami Sound Machine's "Bad Boy".

for the reasons mentioned above. :) Lmz00 23:39, 2 October 2006 (UTC)

DR?
Does he really go by DR? People with HONORARY degress do not do that. —Preceding unsigned comment added by User: (talk • contribs)

What is this??????????????
Mase is trying to be another Benny Hinn. I guess that many people will say that Mase is a false prophet.

Removed Unsourced Material
Removed the following:

After badmouthing The Wu-Tang Clan at a concert, Mase had a run-in with Ghostface Killa and his entourage at a club in New York City. There was some sort of physical altercation between Mase's and Ghostface's camps, and Mase left the incident with a broken jaw.

Was originally going to add Fact, but given the Wiki:Biography rules, it's best to leave this off until properly sourced.

Fair use rationale for Image:CD Breakthrough.jpg
Image:CD Breakthrough.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 04:45, 2 June 2007 (UTC)

talking about bad boy
someone should erase the lines about 'passion' with puffy. also, mase is not signed to g-unit, but i think that he is out of his contractual obligations with puff. not sure about that, but i know that they aren't in love. mase is whack, but lets be accurate.

Mase isn't on Bad Boy
Some jerkass or jerkasses keep putting that Mase is still on Bad Boy. He's not, but he's not finalized with SRC just yet as far as I know. Plus they put the wrong myspace; That myspace is unofficial, so if someone can please correct this shit, I'd be grateful.

Shouldn't this be moved to "Mase". Because $ cannot be used in an album title, song or band/artist names.--Woop-Woop That's the sound of da Police 12:15, 31 October 2007 (UTC)

acccording to this article vinnie beat mase up, i can not find any sources on that.... is this made up or did it happen? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.226.54.199 (talk) 17:06, 20 February 2008 (UTC)

Ministry and personal life ignored?
Why is there no significant information in this article about his well-known ministry or his marriage? Mason Betha ceased to be only a rapper 10 years ago. These things are easily sourced and deserve more than a footnote for this to be a well rounded article. Furthermore, this article should be title "Mason Betha" to reflect all of his works, not just those in the music world.Kuahmel (talk) 00:02, 28 July 2009 (UTC)

Second Comeback Horribly Written
No citations anywhere, and the last paragraph is just speculation. I'm removing it until any of the things written there can proven. -BGRuthless (talk) 12:58, 26 August 2009 (UTC)

Yes and can we have a mention of a year somewhere in the section please? There is a almost a 6 year gap in between "Welcome Back" and his now unreleased album. Minnesota cold (talk) 00:56, 16 October 2009 (UTC)

It's only taken 10 years for someone to do this, but I've added the year to the subheading now. Pelagic (talk) 00:08, 9 November 2019 (UTC)

 * See? The system works! Gråbergs Gråa Sång (talk) 08:07, 9 November 2019 (UTC)

External links modified (January 2018)
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title: Talk:Mase


text: User talk:199.72.12.66

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:199.72.12.66


text:
Talk:TCP tuning

This Page
This page started from a workshop held by Internet2 on "Bridging the Wizard Gap" in Ann Arbor, MI.
 * Very interesting topic, I'd love to see it grow 84.47.47.221 00:06, 14 January 2006 (UTC)

Proposed Changes
I think it'd be best to separate the definition of bandwidth-delay product (BDP) topic of TCP Tuning. I'd recommend cleaning up the paragraph on BDP and then making a new entry for it. This should be linked from the BDP disambig. page and a fuller description of TCP tuning.
 * Note Bandwidth-delay product exists. BTW, please sign your comments. --QEDquid 08:01, 23 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Please refer to Talk:Internet_protocol_suite... I added some information to that talk page because I couldn't find this page or the Rwin page very quickly. Wisepiglet 05:46, 7 December 2006 (UTC)

packet loss throughput limit
I've played a bit with the quoted formula and this simply cannot work. I don't want to suggest Mathis et al are wrong, but surely this has been quoted out of context. My assumption: Zac67 (talk) 15:29, 29 July 2009 (UTC)
 * gigabit ethernet
 * one switch (store & forward), two hosts
 * MTU is 1500 bytes = 12000 bits (ACK packet is also 1500 bytes for simplicity)
 * Packet loss is 10^-6
 * Minimum RTT is 0.048 ms (12000/10^9 * 4 - switch requires zero time for MAC lookup and CRC verification)
 * Throughput limit should be 175 mbps ~= 21.9 MB/s - this is complete nonsense as can easily be observed. If you think that 10^-6 is a very pessimistic packet loss: while sending 83000 packets/s it means you lose one packet every 12 seconds. Why should this limit your effective throughput?

I agree - the formula is obviously misquoted. On a perfect link with loss probability almost equal to zero, the throughput diverges against infinity! I'm removing the formula; if somebody knows more about the matter, feel free to include a more plausible one. Zxb (talk) 11:16, 4 February 2012 (UTC)

The formula of course is for an additional limitation for the bitrate. It also applies only in the congestion avoidance mode, so it requires a reasonable amount of packet loss. Adding the formula back with more about its application. Alinja (talk) 16:47, 10 May 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:TCP tuning


text:
Ken Stott

Kenneth Campbell Stott (born 19 October 1954) is a Scottish stage, television and film actor who won the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role in 1995 in the play Broken Glass at Royal National Theatre. He portrayed the dwarf Balin in The Hobbit film trilogy (2012–2014).

His most notable roles in UK television include the title character DI John Rebus in the crime fiction-mystery series Rebus (2000–2007) and DCI Red Metcalfe in Messiah (2001–2005). He played Edward 'Eddie' McKenna in the Scottish BBC miniseries Takin' Over The Asylum (1994) co-starring with David Tennant, and Ian Garrett in the 2014 BBC TV mini-series The Missing alongside James Nesbitt.

Early life
Stott was born in Edinburgh. His mother, Antonia (née Sansica), was a Sicilian lecturer, his father, David Stott, was a Scottish teacher and educational administrator. Stott was educated at George Heriot's School in Lauriston, Edinburgh. For three years in his youth he fronted a pop-band, but left to pursue his career in acting.

After attending Mountview Academy of Theatre Arts in London, Stott began working in the theatre for the Royal Shakespeare Company, but for some years his earnings from acting were minimal and he was forced to support himself by also working as a double glazing salesman.

Theatre
Stott's career began in 1974 at the Lyric Theatre, Belfast. His early work in theatre included a notable leading role in the dramatisation of Dominic Behan's play about the Northern Ireland troubles The Folk Singer, where he also played the part of Judas in the first regional production of Jesus Christ Superstar directed by Michael Poynor (1973).

In 1996, he created the leading role in The Prince's Play, a translation and adaptation by Tony Harrison of Victor Hugo's Le Roi s'amuse, for the National Theatre, London, 1996. In 1997, he was nominated for the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actor for his role in the Yasmina Reza play Art, in which he appeared with Albert Finney and Tom Courtenay at Wyndham's Theatre.

In 2008 Stott starred in another West End production of a Reza play, this time God of Carnage, alongside Tamsin Greig, Janet McTeer and Ralph Fiennes at the Gielgud Theatre. He starred in a revival of Arthur Miller's A View From The Bridge at the Duke of York's Theatre in early 2009, and reprised his role of Michael in God of Carnage on Broadway (as a replacement for James Gandolfini) at the Bernard B. Jacobs Theatre in New York.

He returned to the Duke of York's Theatre in 2016 to play " Sir" (alongside Reece Shearsmith) in Ronald Harwood's The Dresser.

Television and Film
Stott appeared in the BBC series such as Secret Army (1977), The Complete Dramatic Works of William Shakespeare (King Lear, 1982), and Dennis Potter's The Singing Detective (1986). He also featured in an advert for the British COI's "Drinking And Driving Wrecks Lives" campaign, playing a fireman.

His television roles have included hospital radio DJ Eddie McKenna in BBC Scotland's Takin' Over The Asylum, the leading character, DCI Red Metcalfe, in the BBC crime drama series Messiah (BBC One, 2001–05); DI Chappell in ITV police drama The Vice (1999–2003); as a drunk who fantasises about finding redemption by joining the Salvation Army in Promoted to Glory (ITV, 2003); as Adolf Hitler in Uncle Adolf (ITV, 2005), and as a fictional Chancellor of the Exchequer in Richard Curtis's The Girl in the Café (BBC One, 2005). 2006 saw him take over the title character in detective series Rebus, a television adaptation of the Ian Rankin novels which had previously starred John Hannah.

In 2008 Stott was nominated for a Scottish BAFTA for his performance as comedian Tony Hancock in BBC Four's Hancock and Joan. He played the father of cookery writer Nigel Slater in the BBC One adaptation of Slater's autobiographical novel Toast, opposite Helena Bonham Carter and Freddie Highmore. In 2015, Stott played Arthur Birling in Helen Edmundson's BBC TV adaptation of J. B. Priestley's An Inspector Calls.

On the big screen, he has tended to play mostly supporting parts, such as DI McCall in Shallow Grave (1994), Ted in Fever Pitch (1997), Marius Honorius in King Arthur (2004), an Israeli arms merchant in Charlie Wilson's War (2007), and Trufflehunter, a badger loyal to Prince Caspian in The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian (2008). However, he has had occasional starring roles in the cinema, most notably opposite Billy Connolly and Iain Robertson in The Debt Collector (1999), and Plunkett and Macleane of the same year. Most recently, he has starred as Balin in the live-action adaptation of The Hobbit, and played the role to critical acclaim. Stott played a supporting role as Dexter Mayhew's father in One Day (2011) starring Anne Hathaway and Jim Sturgess.

He narrated for the series Send in the Dogs, following the work of UK Police Officers and their canine partners.

Personal life
Stott has a son, David (born 1985), by his first marriage, which ended in divorce. He married his long-time partner the artist Nina Gehl in 2016. Stott is a supporter of Heart of Midlothian Football Club.

BAFTA TV Awards
0 win, 3 nominations

BAFTA Scotland Awards
2 win, 2 nominations

Laurence Olivier Awards
1 win, 4 nominations

Royal Television Society
0 wins 1 nomination

title: Ken Stott


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sapienocraty

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Nufy8 20:53, 8 September 2005 (UTC)

Sapienocraty
i know this group there very interesting they actually have very little to do with satanism why the writher used that i have no clue but there are a few errors i should change things like explaining the govermental system better and to explain there connection with spiritual socialism also micha van den bergs higher thoughts has very little to do with sapienocraty if you want to read about it i would pick heinrich muller his book has not been printed since the seventies but they should be online but i like the fact that the writher continued the movement into the present day most english speaking people here have no idea what sapienocraty is but they are better know in germany and holland (unsigned comment from User:85.146.24.65 at 15:47, 31 August 2005 --DavidConrad 10:12, 4 September 2005 (UTC))
 * Delete - Hoax/original work - "if you are fat you do not deserve food". Probably an advert for the "luciferian"/satanist webpage.  Tεx  τ  urε  15:19, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete slop. SaltyPig 15:34, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete No Google hits for "Sapienocraty" prob. hoax DV8 2XL 15:55, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * ... only a closed mind would claim that you can write a word only one way .... Quite right. Deleet. Tonywalton [[Image:Pentacle_1.svg|15px]] | Talk 18:46, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I wish I had sockpuppets, then I'd also vote dilete, dilleyte, dooliiyte and pdeielletteeeet. But I don't. Tonywalton [[Image:Pentacle_1.svg|15px]] | Talk 18:48, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. Not notable in any way.  Beginning 21:25, August 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nominator. Hoax verging on patent nonsense. MCB 01:53, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The article is semi-literate and of poor quality, with many misspellings including the title (-craty vs. -cracy). The only support for it here is from the same IP address as the creator of the article, and is written in the same style -- presumably the writer of the article, but he or she distances him- or herself from the "writher". Is the article then quoting some other work? Who is the "writher" of that work, and is it copyrighted? All of these problems could be resolved, but what would we be left with? An article on an unheard-of neologism that is unverifiable. The neologism does not even appear on any of the web sites given as sources. Strong delete --DavidConrad 10:12, 4 September 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:Karawanks

Dubious statement
This is surely incorrect?

is over three hundred years old and is the oldest mountain pass in Europe

given the Great St. Bernard and Brenner have been in use since ancient times.

Gerry Lynch 15:19, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I believe it's an error. The Enciklopedija Slovenije (book 6; 1992) says that the mountain pass has already been used in pre-history and that a 100-metre long road tunnel right under the top of the pass was opened in 1575, located much higher than the current tunnel, which opened in 1963. The tunnel's roof was removed in 1725-28, so it became a 130-metre long cut in the mountain. That route was used until WW2.

 * Maybe the author meant "three thousand years old", but I don't think we can say for sure it's that old nor is it the oldest in Europe. It is definitely older than 300 years though. I'll rephrase the sentence. edolen1 19:07, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

I have changed the order of Stol/HochStull mentioning, since it's located in Sovenia and therefore I think it should be named in this order. Also I have put Peca in first place because the highest peak is on the Slovenian side of the border, though this move wasn't really necessary. 153.5.60.89 12:48, 9 March 2007 (UTC)

The celts invaded the alps only after 800 bC. Names of mountain ranges are much older. So this etymology is the usual celtomania. This mountain range is made of lime stone and looks like a bench, from the north and the south. So its name should be ,lime-bench'. There is in Europe excactly one language which fits - kare-banku. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 130.216.70.109 (talk) 04:48, 3 February 2014 (UTC)

Name
Given the large number of published sources calling these mountains the Karawanks ( 194 88), the Karavank Mountains/Range (etc.) ( 114 42), the Karavanks ( 99 39), or the Karavankas (hits include German and French -s), it seems reasonable for both consistency and WP:English to move this article to a more typical English plural name (Karawanks or Karavankas) rather than a Slovenian or German plural. For comparison, other mountain ranges have plural suffixes that vary across languages:

Based on the Slovene feminine plural Karavanke, English Karavankas would be more "correct" than Karavanks because the Slovene form is not the masculine plural Karavanki. However, both -v- forms are less frequent than the -w- form in English texts. Doremo (talk) 06:57, 26 May 2012 (UTC)

 * Karawanks sounds ok to me. It's the most common English version (by the way, one has to click to the last page to get the real number of Google hits). Anyway, you may also propose the renaming at WP:RM before moving the article. --Eleassar my talk 07:48, 26 May 2012 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the reminder about the Google hit numbers. Doremo (talk) 08:45, 26 May 2012 (UTC)
 * After looking at WP:RM, the move appears neither technical nor controversial, so I think the informal discussion here will be sufficient. I'll let the matter rest for a week or so in order to give other contributors an opportunity to comment or offer opinions. Doremo (talk) 08:51, 26 May 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Karawanks


text:
Christ's Commission Fellowship

Christ's Commission Fellowship (CCF) is an international non-denominational church founded by Peter Tan-Chi, based in the Philippines. Its main worship church is located at the CCF Center in Ortigas East (formerly Frontera Verde), Pasig.

History
In 1982, Chinese Filipino businessman Peter Tan-Chi began an evangelistic home Bible study in Brookside Subdivision, Cainta, Rizal. During that Bible study, only three couples were in attendance, but as they began to invite their friends, who then invited their own friends and families, the Bible study grew and moved to San Juan in Metro Manila. Two years later, a core group of 40 people consisting of businessmen, professionals, and their families emerged from these Bible studies.

In August 1984, the group founded the Christ's Commission Foundation at the Asian Institute of Management in Makati, hosting their first Sunday worship service there.

Since then, CCF's continuous growth has led its worship services to relocate several times. Services moved from AIM to Greenbelt in Makati, then to a conference room, and eventually to the Philippine International Convention Center Plenary Hall in Pasay.

In 1997, CCF's worship services transferred to St. Francis Square in Ortigas Center, Mandaluyong, where it was established as its main worship center until the completion of the CCF Center in April 2013.

On May 12, 2013, CCF held its first Sunday worship service at the new CCF Center in Frontera Verde (now Ortigas East) in Pasig, an 11-storey building with a seating capacity of 10,000 people. The CCF Center was also the venue for the Manila leg of evangelist Nick Vujicic's "Unstoppable" tour that same month on May 18, 2013.

As of 2013, CCF had 38 satellites in the Philippines and eight abroad, with 46 congregations consisting of 40,000 members.

In 2016, the church was chosen by the Dangerous Drugs Board to offer a spiritual rehabilitation program for drug addicts as part of the Philippine drug war of the Duterte administration.

In 2019, CCF had over 100,000 members and 70 satellites in the Philippines alone. CCF has satellite churches and small groups in other parts of the world, including North America, Australia, the Middle East, and Asia. CCF has also helped form over 600 small groups in East Asia and over 12,000 house churches and small groups in South Asia.

In 2020, the CCF Center was attended by over 55,000 people.

Exalt Worship
In 2019, Exalt Worship released their first major album, Majestic, consisting of seven songs. This was followed by releases of new singles such as "King Jesus" and "Joy".

Controversies
In 2014, one of CCF's executive pastors, Ricky Sarthou, drew controversy online for a Facebook post showing himself dressed as an Arab suicide bomber at a costume party.

In 2016, an offshore bank account belonging to senior pastor Peter Tan-Chi was implicated in the Panama Papers leak. In response, the CCF Board issued a statement defending the use of offshore bank accounts and asserting that Tan-Chi has not engaged in any illegal business practices.

title: Christ's Commission Fellowship


text:
User:John Eden

Hello

I guess I'll probably be dropping by here on and off, mainly when I should be doing something else instead.

HiJohn! Harrypotter 15:20, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User:John Eden


text:
Aba Daba Music Hall

The Aba Daba Music Hall was co-founded by Aline Waites in 1969 at the Mother Redcap pub in Camden Town, London, England. The other original directors were David Ryder Futcher, Barrymore Brown, and Janet Browning. It transferred to the Pindar of Wakefield the following year, and stayed there until 1985, when the Pindar was sold and renamed The Water Rats. The Aba Daba Theatre Company stayed at the Water Rats until 1988. They started a new project at Underneath The Arches in Southwark in 1991, and carried on there until 1996.

The Aba Daba Theatre Company have produced shows at the Canal Cafe, Little Venice, The Hollywood Arms, Chelsea and the Star and Garter, Putney, in addition to many West End and regional theatres. They have toured extensively in Scandinavia and other parts of Europe, Canada, and the United States.

Waites produced the shows from the very beginning. Many musical comedies and revues were written by Waites and Robin Hunter. Together with musical director, David Wykes, they wrote The Illustrated Victorian Songbook, published by Michael Joseph in 1985.

Other company directors have included Shaun Curry, Robin Hunter, Geoffrey Robinson, David Wykes and Tony Locantro. David Wykes, Paul Smith, Mike Dixon, Peter Pontzen, Barry Booth and Tony Locantro were among the music directors.

title: Aba Daba Music Hall


text:
Ave Maria, Florida

Ave Maria, Florida, United States, is a planned community and census-designated place located in Collier County, Florida, consisting of approximately 5,000 acres (2,023 ha). The population was 6,242 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Naples-Marco Island, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area.

The community was founded in 2005 by Ave Maria Development, a partnership of Barron Collier Companies and the Ave Maria Foundation led by Catholic philanthropist Tom Monaghan, founder of Domino's Pizza and Ave Maria University. It is known for its walkable design, outdoor recreation, and Town Center. Early in the development, Monaghan made controversial statements about plans to enforce Catholic culture in the town at the time that it was founded; plans that have been largely abandoned.

History
Ave Maria was founded in 2005 by Ave Maria Development, a partnership consisting of Barron Collier Companies and the Ave Maria Foundation led by Catholic philanthropist Tom Monaghan, founder of Domino's Pizza and Ave Maria University. The development of the town was made possible when the Florida legislature created the Ave Maria Stewardship Community District, a limited local government whose purpose is to provide community infrastructure. The town was the first to develop under the Rural Lands Stewardship Area (RLSA) program.

Tom Monaghan's stated goal was for the town to be especially attractive for Catholics to move to. Many of the street names are Catholic in nature, and the center of town is anchored by a large Catholic Church. During a 2007 interview, Monaghan "insists [Ave Maria town] is open to everyone, not just Catholics '' . Fellowship Church is a Baptist Church in Ave Maria that was founded in 2017.

In a 2007 interview with CNN, Ave Maria founder Tom Monaghan stated that his 10-year plan for Ave Maria to have 11,000 homes, 25,000 residents and 5,000 students at Ave Maria University. He wanted to build a community where "a particular amount of Catholics, particularly serious Catholics, would want to live around a really high-quality Catholic University."

Ave Maria was ranked 18th in the United States for planned community home sales the US in 2022.

In June 2023, Collier County commissioners approved the expansion of Ave Maria by 1,000 acres. This brought the town’s size to 5,000 acres, which is the largest allowed under the county rules. The Ave Maria university campus is not included in this acreage. The new land will be used mainly for single family homes, as well as a new town center and additional retail sites.

Education
Ave Maria is located in Collier County and residents attend Collier County public or private schools, some of which are located within the town.

Ave Maria University
Ave Maria University opened on a temporary campus in 2003. Construction of the permanent campus began in 2005, and students were first welcomed in 2007. Ave Maria University is home to the Mother Teresa Museum.

Private Schools

 * The Palm Preschool
 * Rhodora J. Donahue Academy (K-12)
 * K-12 Fellowship Academy

Public schools

 * Ave Maria Elementary School
 * Estates Elementary School
 * Corkscrew Middle School
 * Palmetto Ridge High School

Home Development
Ave Maria has condominiums, attached villas, and single family homes, with plans for a 300-unit apartment complex announced in 2023. The four builders in the town are CC Homes, Del Webb Naples, Lennar, and Pulte Homes.

Geography & climate
Ave Maria is 36 miles northeast of downtown Naples, Florida, and part of Collier County. The town's elevation is 18 feet. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 10.424sq mi (27.01km2).

Ave Maria has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen climate classification Aw).

The temperature rarely rises to 100 °F (38 °C) or lowers to the freezing mark. Rainfall averages just over 23.13 inches per year, strongly concentrated during the rainy season (June to September) with its frequent showers and thunderstorms; on average, these four months deliver 80 percent of annual rainfall. From October to May, the average monthly rainfall is less than 4.5 inches. The monthly daily average temperature ranges from 66 °F (18.9 °C) in January to 83 °F (28.3°C) in August, with the annual mean being 74.5 °F (23.6 °C).

Ecology
Ave Maria's location in southern Florida shares the same subtropical wetland ecosystem as the Florida Everglades. It is home to a biodiversity of birds such as wood storks, anhinga, heron and hawks. Alligators may be encountered near fresh water. Visitors have access to a number of nearby nature centers, including the undeveloped wetlands of Camp Keais Strand, Rookery Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, the Everglades, and Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary and Blair Audubon Center. The surrounding wetlands region of Southwest Florida is a habitat for mansonia mosquitoes, creating a "troublesome" pest problem for humans, according to the Collier Mosquito Control District (CMCD). Ave Maria and the surrounding area is sprayed regularly by CMCD aircraft with the pesticide Naled to control mosquito-borne diseases such as West Nile virus. In 2022, Ave Maria's tapwater supply was praised as the best-tasting water in Florida. Four water toxicity tests in 2007 and 2008 showed carcinogenic trihalomethanes above the legal limit for contaminants.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 6,242 people, 2,227 households, and 806 families residing in the CDP.

Commerce
Ave Maria is home to over 60 businesses, a water park, recreational parks, an indoor marketplace with local vendors, an amphitheater, dog park, trails, playgrounds, bocce and tennis courts, and a fitness center. The main Ave Maria Town Center has an open-air walkable design and covers 100,000 square feet.

Ave Maria Parish
The face of the church displays sculptor Márton Váró's 30 ft sculpture of the Annunciation, depicting the Archangel Gabriel greeting the Virgin Mary with the words "Ave Maria" (Hail Mary). It took Váró three years to complete the sculpture. Váró's "Good Shepherd" sculpture is featured inside the church; it was also carved in marble from Cave Michelangelo in Carrara, Italy.

The church is part of the Diocese of Venice, and serves as the parish for local residents, students, and visitors. One of the building’s most distinctive characteristics is its steel structure, much of which is exposed internally and externally. In 2008, the parish received an Innovative Design in Engineering and Architecture with Structural Steel award from the American Institute of Steel Construction. A reward was also given by the American Institute of Architects [40]. Tours of the church are available to the public.

title: Ave Maria, Florida


text:
Mammoth steppe

During the Last Glacial Maximum, the mammoth steppe, also known as steppe-tundra, was once the Earth's most extensive biome. It stretched east-to-west, from the Iberian Peninsula in the west of Europe, across Eurasia to North America, through Beringia (the region including the far northwest of Siberia and Alaska and the now submerged land between them) and northwest Canada; from north-to-south, the steppe reached from the Arctic southward to southern Europe, Central Asia and northern China. The mammoth steppe was cold and dry, and relatively featureless, though climate, topography, and geography varied considerably throughout. Certain areas of the biome-such as coastal areas-had wetter and milder climates than others. Some areas featured rivers which, through erosion, naturally created gorges, gulleys, or small glens. The continual glacial recession and advancement over millennia contributed more to the formation of larger valleys and different geographical features. Overall, however, the steppe is known to be flat and expansive grassland. The vegetation was dominated by palatable, high-productivity grasses, herbs and willow shrubs.

The animal biomass was dominated by species such as reindeer, muskox, saiga antelope, steppe bison, horses, woolly rhinoceros and woolly mammoth. These herbivores, in turn, were followed and preyed upon by various carnivores, such as brown bears, Panthera spelaea (the cave or steppe-lion), scimitar cats and giant short-faced bears (in east Beringia), wolverines and wolves, among others. This ecosystem covered wide areas of the northern part of the globe, and thrived for approximately 100,000 years without major changes, but then diminished to small regions around 12,000 years ago.

Although it was primarily a Eurasian and Beringian biome, an analog of the mammoth steppe existed on the southern edge of the Laurentide sheet in North America as well, and contained many of the same animals such as woolly mammoths, muskoxen, scimitar cats, and caribou.

Modern humans began to inhabit the biome following their expansion out of Africa, reaching the Siberian Arctic by around 45,000 years ago.

Naming
At the end of the 19th century, Alfred Nehring (1890) and Jan Czerski (Iwan Dementjewitsch Chersky, 1891) proposed that during the last glacial period a major part of northern Europe had been populated by large herbivores and that a steppe climate had prevailed there. In 1982, the scientist R. Dale Guthrie coined the term "mammoth steppe" for this paleoregion.

Origin
The steppe-tundra biome first emerged during the glacial period of Marine Isotope Stage 12, around 460,000 years ago, during the Middle Pleistocene, uniting animals that previously inhabited the previously disparate northern tundra and Central Asian steppe biomes. The size of the steppe-tundra biome would repeatedly expand and contract as a result of subsequent glacial cycles.

The last glacial period, commonly referred to as the 'Ice Age', spanned from 126,000 YBP–11,700 YBP and was the most recent glacial period within the current ice age which occurred during the last years of the Pleistocene epoch. This arctic environment was very cold and dry and probably dusty, resembling mountaintop environments (alpine tundra), and was very different from today's swampy tundra. It reached its peak during the last glacial maximum, when ice sheets commenced advancing from 33,000 years BP and reached their maximum positions 26,500 years BP. Deglaciation commenced in the Northern Hemisphere approximately 19,000 years BP, and in Antarctica approximately 14,500 years BP, which is consistent with evidence that it was the primary source for an abrupt rise in the sea level at that time. During the peak of the last glacial maximum, a vast mammoth steppe stretched from the Iberian Peninsula across Eurasia and over the Bering land bridge into Alaska and the Yukon where it was stopped by the Wisconsin glaciation. This land bridge existed because more of the planet's water was locked up in ice than now, hence sea levels were lower. When the sea levels began to rise this bridge was inundated around 11,000 years BP.

During glacial periods, there is clear evidence for intense aridity due to water being held in glaciers and their associated effects on climate. The mammoth steppe was like a huge 'inner court' that was surrounded on all sides by moisture-blocking features: massive continental glaciers, high mountains, and frozen seas. These kept rainfall low and created more days with clear skies than are seen today, which increased evaporation in the summer leading to aridity, and radiation of warmth from the ground into the night sky in winter leading to cold. This is thought to have been caused by seven factors:

These physical barriers to moisture flow created a vast arid basin spanning three continents.
 * 1) The driving force for the core Asian steppe was an enormous and stable high-pressure system north of the Tibetan Plateau.
 * 2) Deflection of the larger portion of the Gulf Stream southward, past southern Spain onto the coast of Africa, reduced temperatures (hence moisture and cloud cover) that the North Atlantic Current brings to Western Europe.
 * 3) Growth of the Scandinavian ice sheet created a barrier to North Atlantic moisture.
 * 4) Icing over of the North Atlantic sea surface with reduced flow of moisture from the east.
 * 5) The winter (January) storm track seems to have swept across Eurasia on this axis.
 * 6) Lowered sea levels exposed a large continental shelf to the north and east producing a vast northern plain which increased the size of the continent to the north.
 * 7) North American glaciers shielded interior Alaska and the Yukon Territory from moisture flow.

Environment (or biota)

Animal biomass and plant productivity of the mammoth steppe were similar to today's African savanna. There is no comparison to it today.

Plants
The paleo-environment changed across time, a proposal that is supported from mammoth dung samples found in northern Yakutia. During Pleniglacial interstadials, alder, birch, and pine trees survived in northern Siberia, however during the Last Glacial Maximum only a treeless steppe vegetation existed. At the onset of the Late Glacial Interstadial (15,000–11,000 BP), global warming resulted in shrub and dwarf birch in northeastern Siberia, which was then colonized by open woodland with birch and spruce during the Younger Dryas (12,900–11,700 YBP). By the Holocene (10,000 YBP), patches of closed larch and pine forests developed. Researchers had previously concluded that the mammoth steppe must have been very unproductive because they assumed that its soils had a very low carbon content; however, these soils (yedoma) were preserved in the permafrost of Siberia and Alaska and are the largest reservoir of organic carbon known. It was a highly productive environment. The vegetation was dominated by palatable high-productivity grasses, herbs and willow shrubs. The herbaceous flora included graminoids such as wild rye, bluegrass, junegrass, fescue, and sedge, and also diverse forbs such as fringed sagebrush, campion, rock-jasmine, cinquefoil, goosefoot, buttercup, and plantain. Herbs were far more widespread than they are today, and were the main food source of the large plant eating mammals.

Animals
Varying slightly by geographical location, the mammoth steppe was dominated (in biomass) primarily by giant deer, caribou, steppe bison, horses, woolly mammoth and yak, among other mammals, and was the center for the evolution of the Pleistocene “woolly” fauna. Woolly rhinoceros, moose, saiga antelope and musk ox also lived in different regions of the steppe. In what-is-today Siberia were the relatives of extant animals like the argali, snow sheep, Siberian roe deer, and the Mongolian gazelle. Not long before the last glacial maximum (roughly 40,000 years ago), an extinct paleospecies of argali (Ovis argaloides) also lived in Europe. Notable carnivores found across the whole range of the mammoth steppe included the cave lion (Panthera spelaea), the wolverine (Gulo gulo), wolves (Canis lupus) and the brown bear (Ursus arctos). While the cave hyena was a part of the mammoth steppe fauna in Europe, it did not range into the core high-latitude, northern Eurasian-Siberian reaches of the biome. Bird remains are rare because of their fragile structure, but there is some evidence for the snowy owl, willow ptarmigan, gyrfalcon, common raven and great bustard. Other bird species included the white-tailed and golden eagles. Vultures, like the griffon and cinereous vulture, are not known but they were likely common scavengers on the mammoth steppe, following the large herds and scavenging on predated or deceased animals. On Wrangel Island, the remains of woolly mammoth, woolly rhinoceros, horse, bison and musk ox have been found. Reindeer (caribou) and smaller animal remains do not preserve well, but reindeer excrement has been found in sediment. However, small animals on the mammoth steppe included, for example, steppe pika, ground squirrels and alpine marmot. In the most arid regions of the mammoth steppe (that were to the south of Central Siberia and Mongolia), woolly rhinoceroses were common, while woolly mammoths were rare. Reindeer still live in the far north of Mongolia today and, historically, their southern boundary passed through Germany and along the steppes of eastern Europe, indicating they once covered much of the mammoth steppe.

Mammoths survived on the Taimyr Peninsula until the Holocene. A small population of mammoths survived on St. Paul Island, Alaska, up until 3750 BC, and the small mammoths of Wrangel Island survived until 1650 BC. Bison in Alaska and the Yukon, and horses and muskox in northern Siberia, have survived the loss of the mammoth steppe. One study has proposed that a change of suitable climate caused a significant drop in the mammoth population size, which made them vulnerable to hunting from expanding human populations. The coincidence of both of these impacts in the Holocene most likely set the place and time for the extinction of the woolly mammoth.

Decline of the mammoth steppe
The mammoth steppe had a cold, dry climate. During the past interglacial warmings, forests of trees and shrubs expanded northward into the mammoth steppe, when northern Siberia, Alaska and the Yukon (Beringia) would have formed a mammoth steppe refugium. When the planet grew colder again, the mammoth steppe expanded. This ecosystem covered wide areas of the northern part of the globe, thrived for approximately 100,000 years without major changes, but then diminished to small regions around 12,000 years ago.

There are two theories about the decline of the mammoth steppe.

Climate change
The Climatic Hypothesis assumes that the vast mammoth ecosystem could have only existed within a certain range of climatic parameters. At the beginning of the Holocene 10,000 years ago, mossy forests, tundra, lakes and wetlands displaced mammoth steppe. It has been assumed that in contrast to other previous interglacials the cold dry climate switched to a warmer wetter climate that, in turn, caused the disappearance of the grasslands and their dependent megafauna.

The extinct steppe bison (Bison priscus) survived across the northern region of central eastern Siberia until 8000 years ago. A study of the frozen mummy of a steppe bison found in northern Yakutia indicated that it was a pasture grazer in a habitat that was becoming dominated by shrub and tundra vegetation. Higher temperature and rainfall led to a decrease in its previous habitat during the early Holocene, and this led to population fragmentation followed by extinction.

The mammoth steppe was covered all winter with snow, which reflected sunlight into space and thus delayed the spring warming. With no more mammoths left to push trees down to get at their leaves to eat, the area became covered in tall forest sticking up above the snow all winter and catching the early sunlight and thus causing an early spring warming.

In 2017 a study looked at the environmental conditions across Europe, Siberia and the Americas from 25,000 to 10,000 YBP. The study found that prolonged warming events leading to deglaciation and maximum rainfall occurred just before the transformation of the rangelands that supported megaherbivores into widespread wetlands that supported herbivore-resistant plants. The study proposes that moisture-driven environmental change led to the megafaunal extinctions, and that Africa's trans-equatorial position allowed rangeland to continue to exist between the deserts and the central forests; therefore fewer megafauna species became extinct there.

Human predation
The Ecosystem Hypothesis assumes that the vast mammoth ecosystem extended over a range of many regional climates and was not affected by climate fluctuations. Its highly productive grasslands were maintained by animals trampling any mosses and shrubs, and actively transpiring grasses and herbs dominated. At the beginning of the Holocene the rise in precipitation was accompanied by increased temperature, and so its climatic aridity did not change substantially. As a result of human hunting, the decreasing density of the mammoth ecosystem animals was not enough to stop forest from spreading over the grasslands, leading to an increase in forests, shrubs and mosses with further animal reduction due to loss of feed. The mammoth continued to exist on isolated Wrangel Island until a few thousand years ago, and some of the other megafauna from that time still exist today, which indicates that something other than climate change was responsible for megafaunal extinctions.

Remains of mammoth that had been hunted by humans 45,000 YBP have been found at Yenisei Bay in the central Siberian Arctic. Two other sites in the Maksunuokha River valley to the south of the Shirokostan Peninsula, northeast Siberia, dated between 14,900 and 13,600 years ago showed the remains of mammoth hunting and the production of micro-blades similar to those found in northwest North America, suggesting a cultural connection.

Last remnants
During the Holocene, the arid-adapted species became extinct or were reduced to minor habitats. Cold and dry conditions similar to the last glacial period are found today in the eastern Altai-Sayan mountains of Central Eurasia, with no significant changes occurring between the cold phase of the Pleistocene and the Holocene. Recent paleo-biome reconstruction  and pollen analysis    suggest that some present-day Altai-Sayan areas could be considered the closest analogue to the mammoth steppe environment. The environment of this region is thought to have been stable for the past 40,000 years. The Eastern part of the Altai-Sayan region forms a Last Glacial refugium. In both the Last Glacial and modern times, the eastern Altai-Sayan region has supported large herbivore and predator species adapted to the steppe, desert and alpine biomes where these biomes have not been separated by forest belts. None of the surviving Pleistocene mammals live in temperate forest, taiga, or tundra biomes. The areas of Ukok-Sailiugem in the southern Altai Republic and Khar Us Nuur and Uvs Nuur (Ubsunur Hollow) in western Mongolia have supported reindeer and saiga antelope since the glacial period.

title: Mammoth steppe


text:
Kazinga Channel

The Kazinga Channel in Uganda is a wide, 32 km long natural channel that links Lake Edward and Lake George, which are part of the African Great Lakes system. The channel is a dominant feature of Queen Elizabeth National Park. The channel attracts a varied range of animals and birds, boasting one of the world's largest concentration of hippos and numerous Nile crocodiles.

Lake George is a small lake with an average depth of only 2.4 m and which is fed by streams from the Rwenzori mountains. Its outflow is through the Kazinga Channel which drains into Lake Edward, with water levels fluctuating very little.

In 2005, a large number of hippos were killed in the channel as a result of an anthrax outbreak, which occurs when animals eat remnants of vegetation during the driest months, leading to the absorption of bacterial spores that can live for decades in dry soil. The channel is described as a popular wildlife tourism area.

title: Kazinga Channel


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Lasersharking

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Nufy8 20:55, 8 September 2005 (UTC)

Lasersharking
neologism EdwinHJ | Talk 15:22, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * delete as per above. DV8 2XL 16:22, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Neologism, per above. -- BD2412 talk 17:53, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep or Move to wiktionary --Quasipalm 20:30, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. We don't take neologisms here, and neither does Wiktionary. --Carnildo 23:30, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Ah, understood. Delete. BrendanAdkins 03:41, 1 September 2005 (UTC) (originator of the article)
 * Delete. Non-notable neologism. Sjakkalle (Check!)  07:07, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
ISPM 15

International Standards For Phytosanitary Measures No. 15 (ISPM 15) is an International Phytosanitary Measure developed by the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) that directly addresses the need to treat wood materials of a thickness greater than 6mm, used to ship products between countries. Its main purpose is to prevent the international transport and spread of disease and insects that could negatively affect plants or ecosystems. ISPM 15 affects all wood packaging material (pallets, crates, dunnages, etc.) and requires that they be debarked and then heat treated or fumigated with methyl bromide, and stamped or branded with a mark of compliance. This mark of compliance is colloquially known as the "wheat stamp". Products exempt from the ISPM 15 are made from an alternative material, like paper, plastic or wood panel products (i.e. OSB, hardboard, and plywood).

ISPM 15 revision
The Revision of ISPM No. 15 (2009) under Annex 1, requires that wood used to manufacture ISPM 15 compliant Wood Packaging must be made from debarked wood not to be confused with bark free wood. ISPM 15 was updated to adopt the bark restriction regulations proposed by the European Union in 2009. Australia held out for approximately one year with more stringent bark restrictions before conforming July 1, 2010

Debarked wood packaging
Wood packaging materials must be debarked prior to being heat treated or fumigated to meet ISPM 15 regulations. The debarking component of the regulation is to prevent the re-infestation of insects while lumber is sitting to be manufactured, or even after it has been manufactured. The official definition for debarked lumber according to the ISPM 15 Revision (2009) is:

"Irrespective of the type of treatment applied, wood packaging material must be made of debarked wood. For this standard, any number of visually separate and clearly distinct small pieces of bark may remain if they are: - less than 3 cm in width (regardless of the length) or - greater than 3 cm in width, with the total surface area of an individual piece of bark less than 50 square cm."

Argument for bark removal
The post-treatment levels of infestation (with and without bark) compared with pre-treatment levels are as follows. Overall, from the studies presented there is either: a) no significant difference between infestation levels of treated and untreated wood; or b) differences identified are related to the species of insect which may prefer treated or untreated wood. Supporting information from a North American study (IFQRG 2005-27) is summarised in the table below Data are numbers of beetles per cm2:

ISPM Marking

 * IPPC certification symbol.
 * XX: represents the two-letter ISO country code or ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code (e.g. AU for Australia, US for United States, NZ for New Zealand, GB for United Kingdom).
 * 00: represents the unique certification number issued to NPPOs (regulating agencies that oversee the individual wood packaging manufacturers). Inclusion of this certification number ensures that the wood packaging material can be traced back to the NPPO/auditing agency.
 * 1111: represents the unique certification number issued to the treatment provider and/or manufacturer. Inclusion of this certification number ensures that the wood packaging material can be traced back to the treatment provider and/or the manufacturer.
 * YY: represents the treatment applied to the wood packaging material:
 * HT is the code for heat treatment to a minimum of 56 C for a minimum of 30 minutes
 * MB is the code for methyl bromide fumigation.
 * DUN: represents the code for when the solid wood material is used for dunnage. The "DUN" Dunnage code is not applied to manufactured wood packaging, only loose lumber/timbers to help secure products being shipped.

The ISPM 15 compliant stamp may include further information as producers and suppliers may choose to include additional information for identification purposes.

Internationally accepted types of treatment

 * HT (Heat Treatment) - The wood needs to be heated until its core reaches 56 °C for at least 30 minutes.
 * Steady Heat Treatment (HT): Standard procedure conducted in heating chambers;
 * Kiln-dried (KD): Similar to the standard HT, but it also requires moisture's standards;
 * Mobile Heat Treatment (HT): Heat treatment conducted in heating chambers installed in trucks. Allows the treatment to be done anywhere.
 * Portable Chamber Process (PCP - HT): Heat treatment conducted in portable chambers made of thermal fabric. Allows the treatment to be done anywhere, but with lower costs. The process' patent requirement belongs to the Brazilian company Fitolog Pest Control;
 * Fast Container Connector (FCC - HT): Heat treatment conducted directly in containers by a mobile heating unit. It is a simplified variation of PCP. Ideal for ports and terminals.
 * MB (Methyl Bromide) - Requires to completely fill an area with gaseous pesticide (methyl bromide).
 * Container Fumigation: The container where the wooden packaging is placed is completely filled with Methyl Bromide. After a 24-hour quarantine, the container is aerated and the wood/cargo is released;
 * Tent Fumigation: The wooden packaging is covered with a specific type of tent, sealed to the ground with weight. The tent is completely filled with methyl bromide. After a 24-hour quarantine, the tent is removed and the wood/cargo is released;

Exemptions from ISPM 15
Not all packaging material must be treated to qualify to be used as shipping or packaging material. Here is a list of materials which are not required to be treated and are exempt from ISPM 15 laws and regulations.
 * Plastic Pallets - these are most often made from either polypropylene or polyethylene plastic resin.
 * Corrugated Pallets - these are produced using wood pulp, glue and high heat.
 * Presswood Pallets - these are made under high temperature and pressure using glue and solely (recovered) wood chips or sawdust.
 * Composite wooden palletblocks - these are made under high temperature and pressure using glue and solely (recovered) wood chips.
 * Plywood or Processed Wood - wood packaging made of processed wood material. These include particle board, veneer that has been created using glue, heat or pressure.

Countries participating in ISPM 15
Although this is only a reference, confirmation with the export authority when exporting to another country is required. This is a complete list as of July 1, 2010.

Countries and their approximate ISPM 15 Adoption Date:

 * Algeria April 2017
 * Argentina: June 2006
 * Australia: September 2004; Complete Adoption: July 2010
 * Bolivia: July 2005
 * Brazil: June 2005
 * Bulgaria: Jan 2006
 * Canada: September 2005 (US-Canada exemption) although Canada does ask that the stamp be included and withholds the right to quarantine any and all shipments that do not have it.
 * Chile: June 2005
 * China: Jan 2006
 * Colombia: September 2005
 * Costa Rica: Mar 2006
 * Cuba: Oct 2008
 * Dominican Republic: July 2006
 * Ecuador: September 2005
 * Egypt: Oct 2005
 * European Union: Mar 2005
 * Austria
 * Belgium
 * Bulgaria
 * Croatia
 * Cyprus
 * Czech Republic
 * Denmark
 * Estonia
 * Finland
 * France
 * Germany
 * Greece
 * Hungary
 * Ireland
 * Italy
 * Latvia
 * Lithuania
 * Luxembourg
 * Malta
 * Netherlands
 * Poland
 * Portugal
 * Romania
 * Slovakia
 * Slovenia
 * Spain
 * Sweden
 * Guatemala: September 2005
 * Honduras: Feb 2006
 * India: Nov 2004
 * Indonesia: September 2009
 * Israel: June 2009
 * Jamaica: January 2011
 * Japan: Apr 2007
 * Jordan: Nov 2005
 * Kenya: Jan 2006
 * Lebanon: Mar 2006
 * Malaysia: Jan 2010
 * Mexico: September 2005
 * New Zealand: April 2003
 * Nicaragua: Feb 2006
 * Nigeria: September 2004
 * Norway: July 2008
 * Oman: Dec 2006
 * Paraguay: June 2005
 * Peru: Mar 2005
 * Philippines: June 2005
 * Saudi Arabia: February 2009
 * Serbia: June 2005
 * Seychelles: Mar 2006
 * South Africa: Jan 2005
 * South Korea: June 2005
 * Sri Lanka: Mar 2004
 * Switzerland: Mar 2005
 * Syria: April 2006
 * Thailand: February 2010
 * Taiwan: Jan 2009
 * Ethiopia 2006
 * Trinidad & Tobago: July 2010
 * Turkey: Jan 2006
 * United Kingdom: Mar 2005 (EU member at the time)
 * United States: September 2005
 * Ukraine: Oct 2005
 * Venezuela: June 2005
 * Vietnam: June 2005

title: ISPM 15


text:
User talk:BrendanAdkins

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, you can post to the help desk or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! EdwinHJ | Talk 15:23, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

October of 2012
Nice try. Glad to see you remembered your password (after four and a half years of not contributing) to be able to participate in these shenanigans. I've blocked your account to prevent further disruption and similar trolling. -- Kinu  t/c 21:59, 30 October 2012 (UTC)

title: User talk:BrendanAdkins


text:
Telgte

Telgte (German pronunciation: [ˈtɛlktə]; regionally [ˈtɛlçtə]) is a town in the Warendorf district, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, on the river Ems 12 km east of Münster and 15 km west of Warendorf. Telgte is famous as a place of pilgrimage, the Marian pilgrimage from Osnabrück to Telgte.

Neighboring Communities
Telgte borders the cities Münster, Geven, Ostbevern, Warendorf, and Everswinkel.

City Districts
Telgte divides into the main city and two districts, Westbevern-Dorf and Westbevern-Vadrup.

Until 1974, Westbevern (population: about 4000; area of 24,46 km²) was an independent town, with Dorf, Vadrup, and Brock as its districts. Since the reform of the municipal area reform, Brock has been a part of the neighboring town Ostbevern. The Bever runs as a tributary to the Ems through Westbevern. With its double-mill at the Bever, Haus Langen is a popular destination for tourists. For a couple of years, the neo-gothic church St Cornelius and Cyprian was a part of the parish community St. Marien (Telgte and Westbevern.)

History
The region around Telgte was already inhabited by Saxon tribes during post-Roman times. In the course of the Saxon wars at the hands of Charlemagne, this region was Christianised. Ludgerus, the first bishop of Münster, built a church in Telgte. This parish church was probably a wooden construct.

Telgte developed at a fork of larger trade routes to the North Sea and Baltic Sea, due to a ford that was able to cross the river, Ems.

Telgte received town privileges in 1238. 1469 Telgte is mentioned as a member of the Hanseatic League.

Around 1500 there were several large fires. In one of these fires, the old church perished. Prince-Bishop Franz von Waldeck of Münster was granted asylum in Telgte during the Münster Rebellion of the Anabaptists in the 1530s. Telgte suffered from the plague three times, so in 1599 more than half of the inhabitants died.

The Jewish community in Telgte existed until 1941. During Kristallnacht, the synagogue was desecrated and destroyed and the cemetery was removed in 1942, by Brownshirts and students. Today, commemorative plaques at these locations remind us of Telgte's Jewish history.

During the 20th century, Telgte's structure was formed, adding Westbevern to its district.

Culture
Telgte is famous for the annual Telgte Pilgrimage, the second-largest pilgrimage in Germany. Dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary and beginning in Osnabrück, the summertime pilgrimage regularly consists of 8,000 pilgrims. Approximately 150,000 pilgrims visit Telgte annually. Telgte is also known for its Nativity Museum (Krippenmuseum) and its fair (the Birth of Mary Market).

Nobel Prize winner Günter Grass's novel The Meeting at Telgte (Das Treffen in Telgte) is set in Telgte during the negotiations of the Peace of Westphalia which ended the Thirty Years' War.

Culture and sights
Telgte is nationally known for its nativity museum, which is today part of the RELíGIO - Westphalian Museum for Religious Culture, the Birth of Mary Market with a show jumping tournament that attracts around 40,000 visitors every September, and the Telgter Pilgrimage, the annual Marian pilgrimage from Osnabrück to Telgte. It is one of the largest in Germany with around 8,000 pilgrims regularly. Up to 150,000 pilgrims come to Telgte every year.

In addition, the carriage pilgrimage takes place once a year on Ascension Day, where over 100 carriages often present themselves. This pilgrimage attracts many spectators to the city center and the Planwiese, a large event area in the city.

Other events that take place on the Planwiese in Telgte: a show of hot air balloons, the Montgolfiade, takes place on the first weekend in May and the large Birth of the Birth of Mary Market takes place in September. Medieval festivals also take place regularly during summer. Until 2014, Germany's largest medieval Christmas market with lights took place in Telgte during Advent.

Exhibitions are also occasionally held in Telgte. In 2009, Christel Lechner's Everyday People were on display, and in the summer of 2011 HA Schult's Trash People were on display. From April to July 2015, the Everyday People were once again exhibited in the historic part of the city.

The forest cemetery Lauheide with over 35,000 graves is located in the area of the city of Telgte near the city border of Münster. The Office for Green Spaces and Environmental Protection of the City of Münster, which owns the cemetery, is responsible for it.

Museums

 * Under the name RELíGIO - Westphalian Museum for Religious Culture, the former Museum Heimathaus Münsterland and the Crib Museum were brought together with a common concept. The name has existed since 2011, and the new conception of the museum dates back to 2012. The RELíGIO museum is the first religious museum in Germany to present world religions, denominations and denominational differences, religious festivals, the history of the Telgter pilgrimage, the life and work of Cardinal von Galens, and the important Telgter famine cloth from 1623, on more than 1000 square meters.

 * The Corn Distillery Museum is a historic building that provides a detailed insight into the history of the corn distillery in Münster. The building was constructed in 1900, and production continued until 1979. The technical system is still almost completely preserved. A gallery on the second floor offers space for exhibitions of contemporary art.

Buildings
→ Main article: List of monuments in Telgte

 * The pilgrimage chapel, a Marian chapel, is a baroque, octagonal central building from around 1650. The destination of the pilgrimages is the Telgter Gnadenbild, a Pietà (sculpture of Mary with the Fire rider at the Medieval Spectaculum the corpse of Jesus) in this chapel. According to legend, it is said to have been carved from the Marienlinde (an old city gate tree).
 * The Propsteikirche St. Clemens, built between 1522 and 1558, is a Gothic hall church. It lies on the Ems and near the pilgrimage chapel.
 * Christoph-Bernsmeyer-Haus: North of the Propsteikirche there is a striking building, the so-called Große Mühle, directly on the Emswehr. There was a mill in Telgte very early on. On the left bank of the Ems behind the church was the large grain mill (today's Christoph-Bernsmeyer-Haus), on the right bank there was the oil and fulling mill, which was demolished around 1900. The large, well-decorated coat of arms on the gable of the Great Mill contains a chronogram with the year 1754 in the first two lines. The Westphalian Baroque master builder Johann Conrad Schlaun was involved in the planning of the renovation work.
 * This former grain mill was thoroughly renovated in 1976/77 and taken over by the Mauritzer Franciscan nuns, whose founder Father Johann Christoph Bernsmeyer (1777-1858) was the vicar in Telgte for a long time and therefore gave the house its name. The building was a convalescent home for Franciscan sisters until 2014 and today houses a priory of the Maria Stella Matutina Sisters' Community, a contemplative religious community.
 * Emsstraße 25, a half-timbered building, built around 1600
 * Herrenstrasse 7, a half-timbered building from the second half of the 17th century, originally built as a vicarage house
 * Königstraße 35, a one-story half-timbered building erected in 1500, has been rebuilt several times
 * Markt 4, brick eaves house from 1778
 * Ritterstraße 2, a one-story half-timbered building with a gable projecting twice over rope band cleats, erected around 1600
 * Ritterstraße 4, The one-story half-timbered building, whose gable protrudes twice over Knaggen, was erected in 1625
 * Steinstraße 4, warehouse, built around 1500

Marienlinde
The Marienlinde is an approx. 750-year-old, heritage-protected summer linden, and is one of the oldest trees in Germany. The ‘tree veteran’ stands at the northern city gate, the cathedral gate. The linden tree got its name from the image of the Virgin Mary that is said to have been carved from its wood.

Population

¹ Correction of the updating numbers by the census 1970

Politics
The city of Telgte consists of three parts: Telgte, Westbevern and Westbevern-Vadrup. Until the 1970s Westbevern was an independently administered village that consisted of Vadrup and Brock (Brock was incorporated into Ostbevern in a communal reform). Through Westbevern flows the river Bever, a tributary of the Ems. An attractive tourist destination is Haus Langen, with a former double mill at the Bever.

International relations
Telgte is twinned with:
 * [[Image:Flag of Poland.svg|25px]] Polanica-Zdrój, Poland
 * [[Image:Flag of Russia.svg|25px]] Stupino, Russia
 * [[Image:Flag of the United States.svg|25px]] Tomball, United States

Notable people

 * Josef Koch (1895-1983), medical practitioner
 * Alfons Lütke-Westhues (1930-2004), Show Jumper, Olympic Gold Medalist
 * August Lütke-Westhues (1926-2000), Eventing Rider, Olympic Silver Medalist
 * August Winkhaus, Manufacturer, Founder of Aug. Winkhaus GmbH & Co. KG
 * Eduard Böhmer (1829–1872), Deputy of German Parliament
 * Salomon Lefmann (1831–1912), Philologist
 * Ludwig Brefeld (1837–1907), Politician
 * Oscar Brefeld (1839–1925), Botanist and Mycologist
 * Louis Aronstein (1841–1913), Chemist
 * Alfons Lütke-Westhues (1930–2004), Show Jumper
 * Peter Janssens (1934–1998), Musician, Composer
 * Ludwig Rotthowe (1937–2017), Railway Photographer
 * Philipp R. Hömberg (1939–2001), Prehistorian and Monument Conservationist
 * Falk Dörr, born 1941, Soccer Player (Preußen Münster)
 * Harald Norpoth, born 1942, long-distance runner
 * Erwin Kostedde, born 1946, Soccer Player
 * Johannes Bellmann, born 1965, Educational scientist and professor at the University of Münster
 * Markus Berges, born 1966, Singer, Songwriter and Writer
 * Ulrich Schäfer, born 1967, Business Journalist
 * Nadine Ernsting-Krienke, born 1974, Hockey Player
 * André Großfeld, born 1977, Cook, awarded with a Michelin Guide star
 * Malte Spitz, born 1984, Politician (Alliance 90/The Greens)
 * Sophie Kleinherne, born 2000, Soccer Player

Sons and daughters of the town

 * Salomon Lefmann (1831-1912), philologist
 * Alfons Lütke-Westhues (1930-2004), jumping rider, winner of the Olympic Team Gold Medal 1956
 * Harald Norpoth (born 1942), long distance runner and Olympic Silver Medal Winner (1964)
 * Nadine Ernsting-Krienke (born 1974), hockey player
 * Malte Spitz (born 1984), politician (Alliance '90/The Greens)

title: Telgte


text:
Pietro Pitati

Pietro Pitati (in Latin, Petrus Pitatus) (?-fl. ca. 1550) was an Italian astronomer and mathematician. Bernardino Baldi, in his Cronica de matematici (1707) calls Pitati a noble Veronese who was trained in mathematics by a Benedictine friar named Innocentio da Novara.

It is known that he was the author of several astronomical works and almanacs. His ''Paschales atque nouiluniorum mensurni canones. De varia paschalis solemnitatis obseruatione...De Hebraica anni quantitate...Calendarium nouum cum noua aurei numeri positione, ortu quoque, & occasu stellarum fixarum'' (Venice, March 1537) is one of many sixteenth century attempts to reform the calendar, and establish, among other things, the correct day of Easter. This was his first work.

Pitati also wrote another book bearing on the length of the solar and lunar year, the fixed stars, and calendar reform, entitled: ''Compendium. . . super annua solaris atque lunaris anni quantitate Paschalis item solennitatis juxta veteres ecclesiae canones recognitione Romanique calendarii instauratione deque vero Passionis Dominicae die ortu quoque et occasu stellarum fixarum, in tres divisum Tractatus''. Pitati's proposal for calendar reform "pleaded for the rule whereby three out of four centennial years be ordinary (non leap-years). This is [now] the Gregorian rule."

Pitati compiled ephemerides, to which he added supplements over the years, such as ''Almanach nouum...Superadditis annis quinque supra ... Ephemeridas 1551. ad futurum Christi annum 1556. Isagogica in coelestem Astronomicam disciplinam ... Tractatus ''tres perbreues de Electionibus, Reuolutionibus annorum, & mutatione aeris. Item horariae tabulae per altitudinem solis in die, ac stellarum in nocte ad medium sexti climatis.''(Venice, 1542).

The lunar crater Pitatus is named after him. The mathematician and astronomer Giovanni Padovani was a student of Pitati.

title: Pietro Pitati


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Acat

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was withdrawn by nominator. --Russ Blau (talk) 22:26, September 11, 2005 (UTC)

Acat
Redirect to Maya mythology: a dicdef of a non-notable acronym used in the U.S. Department of Defense procurement system. --Russ Blau (talk) 15:26, August 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Wikipedia is not an indiscriminate collection of information. DV8 2XL 15:58, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirects do not need to come to VfD. You can just do them without asking (aka being WP:BOLD) usually. -Splash 23:46, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * It's not a redirect, it's a dicdef. Russ Blau wants it to be a redirect, same as the other two nominated dicdefs.  -Sean Curtin 01:38, September 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Someone else made the same type of comment on my User Talk page. If that's the way it works, OK, but it seems weird to me that it takes a nomination here to delete an article, but no nomination to do exactly the same thing when a redirect to an entirely unrelated subject is "left behind."  --Russ Blau (talk) 15:49, September 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * Disambiguation page needed here. Proto t c 11:08, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Are you suggesting that (a) a disambiguation page is needed because the content now on Acat should be kept; or (b) the content now on Acat should be moved to a different page so that we can then have a separate deletion nomination on it? (Same question applies to the other two articles on which you made this comment.) --Russ Blau (talk) 15:49, September 2, 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Acat


text: User talk:64.190.55.170

title: User talk:64.190.55.170


text:
User:Hypertornado

Hello world, CZECH IT OUT!

title: User:Hypertornado


text:
Altmann

Altmann may refer to:

 * Altmann (surname)
 * Altmann (mountain), a summit of the Appenzell Alps
 * Altmann of Passau, bishop (1020–1091)
 * Altmann (1905 automobile), an early German automobile
 * Republic of Austria v. Altmann, a decision by the US Supreme Court

title: Altmann


text:
Michael Okpara

Michael Iheonukara Okpara (25 December 1920 – 17 December 1984) was a Nigerian politician and Premier of Eastern Nigeria during the First Republic, from 1959 to 1966. At 39, he was the nation's youngest premier. He was a strong advocate of what he called "pragmatic socialism" and believed that agricultural reform was crucial to the ultimate success of Nigeria.

Life
Michael Okpara, an Ohuhu-Igbo, was born on Christmas day, 1920, at Umuegwu Okpuala, Ohuhu, in the area of Umuahia, in present-day Abia State of Nigeria. Although he was the son of a labourer, he was able to attend mission schools and later went to Uzuakoli Methodist College, where he won a scholarship to study medicine at Yaba Higher College, Lagos. After completing his medical studies at the Nigerian School of Medicine, he worked briefly as a government medical officer before returning to Umuahia to set up a private practice.

While involved in this practice, Okpara developed an interest in the Zikist Movement (named after Nnamdi Azikiwe), a militant wing of the National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons (NCNC). After rioting workers were shot by police at the Enugu coal mines in 1949, Okpara was arrested for his alleged complicity in inciting the riot, though he was soon released. After the granting of internal self-rule in 1952, he was elected into the Eastern Nigerian House of Assembly on the NCNC platform. Between 1952 and 1959, he held various Cabinet positions in Eastern Nigeria, ranging from Minister of Health to Minister of Agriculture and Production.

In 1953, when NCNC legislators revolted against the party leadership, he remained loyal and joined forces with Azikiwe. In November 1960, when Azikiwe left active politics to become Nigeria's first African Governor-General, Okpara was elected leader of the NCNC. His outspoken manner led to a severe strain in relations between his party and the ruling Northern People's Congress.

After independence
Okpara was the leader of the NCNC and Premier of Eastern Nigeria during the First Republic from 1959 to 1966. Although he was one of the politicians detained soon after the military coup of January, 1966, he survived the army revolt, in which the other two premiers were killed.

A strong advocate of what he termed "pragmatic socialism", he believed that Nigeria's salvation depended on a revolution in agriculture. To this end, he acquired and managed a large farm in his hometown, called Umuegwu Okpuala Mixed Farms, which inspired many Eastern Nigerian leaders to follow suit. He also championed the educational and infrastructural development of Eastern Nigeria.

He never owned a house of his own while he was in government. When the Nigerian Civil War ended, he went into exile in Ireland. Before his return from exile in 1979, his close associates and beneficiaries took up a collection to build him a house in his village, Umuegwu. Okpara died on 17 December 1984.

Legacy
He is a member of the Royal Academy of Physicians of Great Britain. Michael Okpara Way, in Abuja is named after him, as is the Michael Okpara University of Agriculture in Umudike; Okpara Square in Enugu; Michael Okpara College of Agriculture in Imo State (since renamed the Imo State Polytechnic). He received the award of GCON (Grand Commander of the Order of the Niger), one of Nigeria's highest honours, in 1964. There is a statue of him in Enugu, Enugu State, and also another statue of him in Umuahia, the capital of the present day Abia State.

title: Michael Okpara