text:
Jay Faerber

Jay Faerber (born 1972) is an American comic book and television writer. Faerber is known for his work on Generation X and New Warriors for Marvel Comics, and The Titans and Connor: Spotlight for DC Comics. He later wrote his own creator-owned titles for Image Comics, including Noble Causes, Dynamo 5, Near Death and Copperhead. He was also a writer on the television series Ringer, Star-Crossed, Zoo, and Supergirl.

Early life and influences
Faerber grew up in northeastern Pennsylvania, and spent a considerable amount of his childhood in the Seattle area. His early interest in superheroes was sparked by TV series such as Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends, the Adam West Batman series and the 1960s The Superman/Aquaman Hour of Adventure, which featured his first exposure to the Teen Titans. This led to Faerber's interest in comic books, beginning with Marv Wolfman and George Pérez's The New Teen Titans #25 in 1982, the first comic book with which he discovered that medium's more mature storylines and detailed artwork. Faerber's view of the series' ability, at the time, to stand on its own without requiring reading the related titles influenced Faerber's stated practice of keeping his own creator-owned books independent of one another, in order to avoid obligating readers of one of his titles to read the others in order to comprehend the storyline. The title also led to Faerber's interest in many other titles, such as Marvel Comics' Uncanny X-Men.

During the early part of his childhood, Faerber would buy his comics from a local pharmacy, which limited his reading to Marvel and DC Comics. For Christmas 1986, Faerber, a high school freshman, was taken by his mother to his first comic book shop, Gema Books, where he discovered books from companies other than the Big Two, such as Elementals, Miracleman and The New Wave, the latter of which impressed him with its experimental biweekly, 16-page format, its emphasis on character depth over physical combat, and the originality of the character's personalities.

As a child, Faerber would write and draw his own comics, though he assumed that writing was merely a means to provide something for him to draw. This changed by his first or second year of high school, when he discovered the TV series Spenser: For Hire, and later, the novels on which it was based by Robert B. Parker, whom Faerber names as the biggest single influence on his career as a writer. Although he had already been a fan of other private eye shows such as Magnum, P.I. and Riptide, the humor, intelligence and pace of the first Spenser novel he read, Ceremony, had such an effect on him that he tried writing a prose mystery story starring a private eye from one of his comics, which he let his English teacher read. The teacher, Maureen Purcell, the daughter of Golden Age comics artist Howard Purcell, praised Faerber's story. Faerber continued drawing, but concentrated more on prose writing. He was accepted as an art major at a local community college, but dropped out after one semester, when an instructor told him he needed to learn how to draw in order to draw comics. Realizing that his abilities lay in writing, he switched majors.

Faerber has also cited as influences the crime novels of Andrew Vachss, Robert Crais and Lee Child, as well as the television writing and detective novels of Stephen J. Cannell, in particular his work on the TV series Wiseguy, and Chris Haddock's work on the Canadian TV series Da Vinci's Inquest.

Seminal works in the comics medium that Faerber has cited as influences include John Byrne's work on Alpha Flight, Mark Waid's work on Captain America, Fabian Nicieza's runs on The New Warriors and Psi-Force, Mike Grell's work on Jon Sable, Freelance, Bob Harras' work on The Avengers, and Robert Kirkman's work on the comic book Invincible.

Career
Faerber first broke into the comic book industry in 1998, when Marvel Comics purchased a story he wrote for the series What If...?. The book had already been cancelled, so the editor had no compunction about hiring him to write the final issue.

Faerber's first ongoing series writing assignment was Generation X, which he began with issue #45 (December 1998). Assignments on The New Warriors and The Titans would follow.

In 2002, Faerber began publishing through Image Comics the series Noble Causes, which follows the lives of the Nobles, a wealthy superhero family, and which emphasized their interpersonal conflicts over battles with supervillain enemies. The series lasted until 2008, and concluded with issue #40.

In 2007, Faerber debuted the Noble Causes spinoff, Dynamo 5, which starred a group of five illegitimate of the assassinated superhero Captain Dynamo, who were assembled by Dynamo's widow in order to protect Tower City. Like Noble Causes, Dynamo 5 was also a monthly series by Image Comics that depicted the superhero family dynamics, but placed more emphasis on action, dividing its content between the team's battles with adversaries and its interpersonal conflicts. Dynamo 5 ended its ongoing run with issue #25 (Oct. 2009), and continued with a series of miniseries and one-shots.

In 2008, Faerber published a miniseries called Gemini, which stars Dan Johnson, an ordinary man who is unaware that at night, he comes under the control of an organization called the Constellation, who transform ordinary people like him into crimefighters named after star constellations, without any of these people retaining any knowledge or memory of these events. Although intended as a five-issue miniseries, the last issue published was issue #4 (July 2009), which featured a guest appearance by Dynamo 5. In December 2016, Image published Gemini: The Complete Series, which included the unpublished fifth issue.

In September 2011, Faerber debuted Near Death, a crime series whose lead character, Markham, is an assassin who sets out to atone for his past sins after capturing a glimpse of hell during a near-death experience. During the course of the book, which mostly consists of self-contained stories, Markham saves people's lives (some of whom are targeted by other hitmen working for his former clients), not because his near-death experience made him a more altruistic person, but solely because of his self-interested motive in avoiding hell, a point with which Faerber hopes to explore questions of moral character and the nature of heroism. In creating the series, Faerber was inspired by the work of Andrew Vachss, Robert B. Parker, Robert Crais and Lee Child, and 80s crime shows such as The Equalizer and Stingray. In particular, the lack of any known first name for Markham is inspired by Vachss' Burke series and Parker's Spenser. It is Faerber's first series that does not feature any science fiction or fantasy elements, as it is a straight-crime drama.

Faerber was a writer on the CW TV series Ringer, which starred Sarah Michelle Gellar, and ran from September 2011 to May 2012. Faerber then worked on the staff of the CW TV series Star-Crossed, which lasted one season, from 2013 - 2014.

In 2014 Faerber premiered Copperhead, a science fiction Western series set on a planet of the same name. The series, which is drawn by Scott Godlewski, is inspired by the idea,"What if Deadwood had aliens?" He also joined the writing staff of the CBS TV series Zoo, which began airing in 2015. The first episode Faerber wrote was the series' fifth episode, "Blame It On Leo" and he remained with the show for its entire three year run. In 2019 Faerber joined the writing staff of Supergirl.

Writing habits and approach
Faerber gets up between 6:00 and 6:30am, tries to be at the desk in his home office/study writing by 9am. He says that he spends much time at the desk thinking about the stories he writes, even though days may go by with nothing to show for it. When attempting to conceive of the premise of a new series, he will sometimes play video games on his PlayStation 3 in order to let his mind "wander", and will keep a notepad handy in order to jot down ideas as they come to him. He takes a half-hour lunch in the early afternoon, and then continues working until 4pm. He describes himself as a "morning person", saying, "I know I'm pretty useless past 6 or 7pm". As of September 2014, he works on a MacBook Air, running OS X Mavericks.

Faerber writes his comic book scripts in Mozilla's Open Office software, and I write his television scripts in Final Draft, though he does not use the latter's automatic formatting or templates, as he prefers to perform those tasks manually, explaining that he is a fast typist. Although he likes the idea of using applications in his writing, and has Evernote on his iPhone, iPad and laptop, he does not use it, preferring to write down ideas on his phone's Notes application. He uses GoodReader on his iPad, and the Adonit Jot Pro stylus to write notes on scripts written by himself or others. He prefers to work in silence rather than listen to music, but will wear Bose noise-cancelling headphones to listen to instrumental film or television soundtracks that "fit" with what he is writing if the noise from the school across the street from his home becomes too distracting.

Personal life
Faerber lived in the Gig Harbor, Washington area, before moving with his wife to Burbank, California shortly before September 2014.

Filmography

 * Ringer
 * 1.08 - Maybe We Can Get a Dog Instead (writer) (2011)
 * 1.16 - You're Way Too Pretty to Go to Jail (writer with Cathryn Humphris) (2012)
 * 1.19 - Let's Kill Bridget! (writer with Bob Berens) (2012)
 * Avengers Assemble
 * 1.09 - Depth Charge (writer with Man of Action) (2013)
 * 1.14 - Hulk's Day Out (writer with Man of Action) (2013)
 * Star-Crossed
 * 1.07 - To Seek A Foe (writer) (2014)
 * 1.11 - Give me a Torch (writer with Marc Halsey) (2014)
 * Zoo
 * 1.05 - Blame It on Leo (writer) (2015)
 * 1.08 - The Cheese Stands Alone (writer with Scott Rosenberg) (2015)
 * 1.10 - Emotional Contagion (writer) (2015)
 * 2.03 - Collision Point (writer with Rebekah F. Smith) (2016)
 * 2.06 - Sex, Lies & Jellyfish (writer with Matt Pitts) (2016)
 * 2.10 - Yellow Brick Road (writer with Matt Pitts) (2016)
 * 3.03 - Ten Years Gone (writer with Shintaro Shimosawa) (2017)
 * 3.07 - Wham, Bam, Thank You Sam (writer with Shintaro Shimosawa) (2017)
 * 3.10 - Once Upon a Time in the Next (writer with Shintaro Shimosawa) (2017)
 * Supergirl
 * 5.04 - In Plain Sight (writer with Jess Kardos) (2019)
 * 5.09 - Crisis on Infinite Earths: Part One (teleplay with Derek Simon, story by Robert Rovner & Marc Guggenheim) (2019)
 * 5.15 - Reality Bites (writer with Dana Horgan) (2020)
 * 6.01 - Rebirth (teleplay with Jess Kardos, story by Robert Rovner & Jessica Queller) (2021)
 * 6.08 - Welcome Back, Kara (writer with Dana Horgan) (2021)
 * 6.13 - The Gauntlet (teleplay with Brooke Pohl, story by Dana Horgan) (2021)
 * 6.19 - The Last Gauntlet (teleplay with Derek Simon, story by J. Holtham) (2021)

DC Comics

 * Secret Origins 80 Page Giant (Wonder Girl story only) (1998)
 * Young Justice 80 Page Giant #1 (10 page Impulse story) (1999)
 * Secret Files & Origins Guide to the DC Universe (3 page backup) (2000)
 * Young Justice: Sins of Youth Secret Files #1 (Main story) (2000)
 * Young Justice #22 (5 page Red Tornado Story) (2000)
 * Titans Secret Files #1-2 (1999; 5 page backup story)
 * Titans Secret Files #2 (2000; main story and profiles)
 * Superman 80 Page Giant #3 (2000)
 * Superman Adventures #48 (2000)
 * Green Lantern Circle of Fire: Green Lantern/Firestorm #1 (2000)
 * The Titans #13, #17-20 (Co-written with Devin Grayson) (2000)
 * Superboy #80-82 (2000–2001)
 * The Batman Chronicles #23 (Jason Bard Story only) (2001)
 * The Titans #21 - 41 (2000–2002)
 * Adventures of Superman #577 (Dialog only), #607 (2000, 2002)
 * Green Lantern #126-128, 157 (2000, 2003)
 * DC Universe Holiday Special '09 (Batman story only) (2009)

DC Comics / Wildstorm

 * Gen-Active #1-6 (2000–2001)
 * Robotech #0-6 (2003)
 * Robotech: Love and War #1-6 (2003–2004)
 * Robotech: Invasion #1-5 (2004)

Digital Webbing

 * Digital Webbing Presents #25 (Firebirds story only) (2005)

Harris Comics

 * Vampirella #15-18 (2002–2003)
 * Vampirella Halloween: Trick & Treat ("Lust" story only) (2004)

Harris Comics / Anarchy Studios

 * Xin: Legend of the Monkey King #1-3 (2002–2003)
 * Xin: Journey of the Monkey King #1-3 (2003)
 * Vampi Vs Xin #1-2 (2004–2005)

IDW

 * Angel Spotlight On Conner #1 (2006)

Image Comics

 * Noble Causes: First Impressions #1 (2001)
 * Noble Causes #1-4 (2002)
 * Noble Causes: Family Secrets #1-4 (2002–2003)
 * Noble Causes: Distant Relatives #1-4 (2003)
 * Venture #1-4 (2003)
 * Dodge's Bullets (2004)
 * Firebirds (2004)
 * The Pact #2 (2005)
 * Four Letter World ("Loud" story only) (2005)
 * Image Holiday Special (2005)
 * Dynamo 5 Annual #1 (2008)
 * Gemini #1-4 (2008–2009)
 * Noble Causes Vol. 2 #1-40 (2004–2009)
 * Dynamo 5 #1-25 (2007–2009)
 * Dynamo 5: Sins of the Father #1-5 (2010)
 * Near Death #1-11 (Sept 2011–July 2012)
 * Point of Impact #1-4 (October 2012 - January 2013)
 * Copperhead #1-19 (2014–2018)
 * Graveyard Shift #1-4 (2014-2015)
 * Secret Identities #1-7 (co-written with Brian Joines) (2015)
 * Elsewhere #1-8 (2017-2018)
 * Over My Dead Body Graphic Novel (2020)

Image Comics / Top Cow Productions

 * Strykeforce #1-5 (2004)
 * Pilot Season: "Urban Myths" (2008)
 * Witchblade Annual (2009)

Marvel Comics

 * What If...? #114 (1998)
 * X-Force #84 (Dialog only) (1998)
 * Mutant X Annual 1999 (1999)
 * Generation X Annual 1999 (1999)
 * Captain America #23 (Dialog only) (1999)
 * Uncanny X-men #374 (Dialog only) (1999)
 * Generation X #45, #48-62 (1998–2000)
 * New Warriors Vol. 2 #0-10 (1999–2000)
 * X-Men The Movie: Wolverine (2000)
 * Iron Fist/Wolverine #1 - 4 (2000–2001)
 * X-Men: Evolution #9 (2002)
 * Amazing Fantasy Vol. 2 #13 - 14 (Captain Universe backups only) (2005)
 * Captain Universe/Hulk #1 (2006)
 * Captain Universe/Daredevil #1 (2006)
 * Captain Universe/X-23 #1 (2006)
 * Captain Universe/The Invisible Woman #1 (2006)
 * Captain Universe/Silver Surfer #1 (2006)
 * Doc Samson Vol. 2 #3 (2006)
 * The Halo Graphic Novel ("Armor Testing" story) (2006)
 * War of Kings: Warriors #2 (2009)

MonkeyBrain Comics

 * Anti-Hero #1-10 (2013-2014)

Moonstone Comics

 * Moonstone Noir: The Hat Squad (2002)

title: Jay Faerber


text:
Talk:Bodyline series

There is already an excellent article Bodyline. I couldn't find anything in this article that wasn't already covered. Therefore I made this one a redirect. --Cje 20:51, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Bodyline series


text:
User talk:Andreigh

Image Tagging Image:Ovidiu-Lipan.jpg
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Fair use rationale for Image:Transsylvania-Phoenix_logo.jpg
Thanks for uploading or contributing to Image:Transsylvania-Phoenix_logo.jpg. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use. Suggestions on how to do so can be found here.

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Orphaned non-free image (File:Transsylvania-Phoenix logo.jpg)
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title: User talk:Andreigh


text:
Slayer (video game)

Slayer is a horizontally scrolling shooter developed by Imperial Software for the Amiga, Atari ST, and Commodore 64. Hewson Consultants published the game in 1988. The game consists of three levels, each with a boss which must be defeated at the end. Power-ups such as bonus weapons and shields scattered around the levels.

title: Slayer (video game)


text: Talk:Y-O-U (album)

title: Talk:Y-O-U (album)


text:
Talk:Phillip Allen Sharp

Untitled
I think it's "Phillip" (not "Philip") in this case.

name spelling
His first name is Phillip (see http://web.mit.edu/biology/www/facultyareas/facresearch/sharp.shtml)

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The Worm in Paradise

The Worm in Paradise is the third and final video game in the Silicon Dreams trilogy, a series of text adventure games in which the player takes the role of Kim Kimberly. It is the sequel to Snowball and Return to Eden. Worm in Paradise takes place generations after the first two games, when the planet Eden has been colonised. The player is an ordinary citizen in Eden's most populous city, Enoch. The game was noteworthy for having significant social commentary relative to other games of the same genre and era. The game drew inspiration from the novel 1984.

Plot
A hundred years after the arrival of colonists aboard the Snowball 9, planet Eden has become home to half a billion people. In this paradise managed by robots there is not any crime, taxes, unemployment, or freedom. The population lives in a domed "megapolis", and, perhaps due to the war that occurred during Return to Eden, there is not any contact between the cities and the surrounding natural world. The occasional sighting of flying saucers keeps the population afraid to go outside.

The main character, a nameless citizen of Enoch, starts the game in a beautiful garden where everything seems fine. He picks an apple from a tree, a worm pops out, and the player follows it outside the garden, through the desert, and then he awakens. It was only a simulation, one of the many forms of entertainment available during the reign of the third Kim. This "Garden of Eden as a prison" allegory sets the mood for the entire game. The objective is to explore the city, and while doing so the player must gather clues to unmask the government conspiracy behind the flying saucers.

Development
The Worm in Paradise is the third and final instalment of the Silicon Dreams trilogy and is a departure from the previous games. It "evolved alongside a 12 month enhancement on Level 9's own adventure system. Standard features include a 1,000 word vocabulary, a very highly-advanced English input, memory-enhancing text compression, the now familiar and very much appreciated type-ahead, and multi-tasking so a player need never wait while a picture is drawn." This was the first game using version 3 of the A-Code system. It was released for four fewer platforms, excluding the Lynx, Memotech MTX, Nascom and Oric-1 compared to the two previous releases.

Another difference is that the player has only seven days, within the game's clock, to complete the game. Quests are also time-based and require that the player arrive at certain locations at specific hours to achieve the desired goal. And while game play remains the same, the backdrop is no longer an action adventure, but a political thriller that resembles the novel Nineteen Eighty-Four. Similar to what happened when Snowball was released, there was certain confusion about the main character's identity and the time when the story is set. The Level 9 Fact Sheet says: "...a couple of years later, Kim Kimberley has become a legend on Eden." Another article stated: "Worm in Paradise is set 100 years later. You are now Kim Kimberley III..." Furthermore, Pete Austin said, "Worm is set on Eden, about 50 years in the future" and "The player is not Kim - she becomes mayor and runs the place." Notice that these sources termed the game by its original name, Worm in Paradise.

Reception
John Sweeney for Page 6 said "It is an excellent adventure in its class."

Colette McDermott for Sinclair Programs said "Not only does it complete an excellent set of adventures, but the graphics will stimulate your visual powers."

Richard Price for Sinclair User wrote "This is the finest of Level 9's masterly adventures. It has an intricate, exciting, intelligent plot based in an equally intricate society run by baffling futuristic machines."

John Ransley for Commodore User said "You'd have to spend an evening with a Roget's Thesaurus to come up with enough superlatives to do justice to The Worm in Paradise; it not offers stunning (albeit it at times disturbing) originality in the overworked realm of science fiction but also embodies state-of-the-art programming techniques which will allow you effortlessly to give full rein to your powers of creative deduction – and there are always those 200 or more colourful graphics to visually help you along the way."

Derek Brewster for Crash said "The story, descriptive depth, vocabulary, and the many sophisticated features go to make Level 9's latest a really good adventure game."

"The Pilgrim" for Amstrad Action said "Can it be as good as it sounds – because it sounds out of this world! Well, out of this world it certainly is."

Keith Campbell for Computer and Video Games said "Here is science-fiction-based political saga which you can just sit back and enjoy, or, if you prefer, involve yourself at a more challenging level in an attempt to reach the seat of power and save the world. Play it either way — I'm sure you'll agree it's superb!"

Roger Garrett for Popular Computing Weekly said "Even the more experienced player, who has a certain amount of knowledge about Level 9 games, will find it quite taxing but definitely rewarding. Congratulations, Level 9 on another imaginative hit."

Your Computer said "This latest text and graphics masterpiece has all the splendid qualities we've come to expect of Level 9 – masses of locations with a colourful fast-drawn picture for every one of them (except BBC B versions), type-ahead ability (no waiting for text or picture to be completed on screen), a massive vocabulary, advanced command parser, lashings of rich prose, a plethora of puzzles, and a plot lovingly crafted, and beautifully executed."

The Worm in Paradise was rated a Your Sinclair Megagame, and a Sinclair User Classic.

title: The Worm in Paradise


text:
Talk:Wolf 424

Conflict
The following paper conflicts with the masses that were apparently copied from the SolStation site:

 * Heintz, W. D., "The Substellar Masses of WOLF:424", ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYS. V.217, NO.1/2 JUN(II), P. 145, 1989.

So it is unclear which is correct. — RJH 20:54, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Okay, this was addressed in a later paper which I have now cited. — RJH 21:08, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

I also stumbled over the inconsistent mass data. List_of_least_massive_stars has the lower numbers. To make the inconsistency more obvious to readers I reconverted the (lower) jupiter figures back to solar masses. Maybe someone should write some words about the discrepancy. Darsie from german wiki pedia (talk) 19:54, 23 August 2009 (UTC)

 * There's another: "approximately 0.14 solar masses (63 Jupiters (0.060 solar masses))...approximately 0.13 solar masses (52 Jupiters (0.050 solar masses))" Now, I can't tell if that means Jupiter =.05-06 MSol, or if the Wolf dwarf(s) are, or what. And if it's Jupiter meant, why is there variability in the conversion? A clarification, with source, by somebody who understands this, is definitely required.  TREKphiler   any time you're ready, Uhura  09:02, 26 December 2009 (UTC)

By reference to this page: http://kencroswell.com/BrownDwarfLithium.html one can see that, contrary to the previous consensus about those masses, Wulff Heintz in 1989 proposed the smaller numbers, which were subsequently disputed in 1991. Torres' numbers of 1999-- http://iopscience.iop.org/1538-3881/117/1/562?ejredirect=migration --may be considered the best at the present time. mrh

BTW, the mass of Jupiter is 1/1047ths that of our Sun, for reference. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Graywyvern (talk • contribs) 00:49, 7 April 2010 (UTC)

Masses 0.14 and 0.13 M☉ are what actually mentioned in the sources and these numbers are consistent with the spectral classes of the stars (see the article about the main sequence and referencies therein). So I think there was no contradiction, but just a simple error in converting solar mass into Jovian. GenyAncalagon (talk) 07:36, 27 May 2010 (UTC)

Close approach
I could find nothing to corroborate this paragraph, so I removed it from the article:
 * Due to its proximity and fast motion towards the Sun, Wolf 424 will brighten by more than 2% over the course of the 21st century. In approximately 7700 years, it will make its nearest approach at a distance of about 1 light year and passing through the distant reaches of the solar system, and will become the nearest stars.

Since it lacks a HIP number, I don't believe this star was even measured by the Hipparcos satellite.–RJH (talk) 15:22, 28 October 2009 (UTC)

It's in Hipparcos here:

http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=Gliese+473&NbIdent=1&Radius=2&Radius.unit=arcmin&submit=submit+id

under "FL Virginis". mrh —Preceding unsigned comment added by Graywyvern (talk • contribs) 01:02, 7 April 2010 (UTC)

 * Wolf 424 was reported to have a huge radial velocity towards Earth, just under 600 km/s, IIRC. Since it's now 2 km/s, I gather there's some massive error somewhere. -- KarlHallowell (talk) 15:29, 29 November 2010 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Wolf 424


text:
La Orotava

La Orotava is a town and a municipality in the northern part of Tenerife, one of the Canary Islands of Spain. The area of the municipality stretches from the north coast to the mountainous interior, and includes the summit of the Teide volcano, Canary Islands' and Spain's highest point at 3,718 m. At 207.31 km2, it is the largest municipality of the island of Tenerife. The population is 41,255 (2013 ).

The town La Orotava, which is the administrative centre of the municipality and also its largest settlement, is situated near the north coast, at about 400 m elevation in the Orotava Valley. It is 4 km southeast of Puerto de la Cruz and 28 km southwest of the island's capital, Santa Cruz de Tenerife. The TF-5 motorway passes through the north of the municipality.

The coat of arms of La Orotava was adopted by Alfonso XIII in 1906, the dragoons escorting the drago and the tree of golden apples refers to the mythology of the Garden of Hesperides, believed was located in La Orotava. In gastronomy, La Orotava was honored for the Denominación de Origen Valle de La Orotava or the Denomination of the Origin of the Orotava Valley (Valle de La Orotava) in wines.

The historic center of La Orotava was declared Conjunto histórico in 1976 and is included in the Inventory of the European Cultural Heritage Protection and Monumental. Also noteworthy is that much of the Teide National Park (a World Heritage Site in 2007) is located within the municipality. La Orotava is also the highest town of Spain and steepest, the municipality comes from sea level up to 3718 meters the Teide (the highest peak in Spain).

Toponymy
It is not known what the origin of the town's name is, but the vast majority of researchers say it probably originated from the language of the Guanches, who called the area Arautaba or Arautápala. Taking linguistics into account, Orotava probably came from a corrupted form of a Guanche word that was then borrowed into the Spanish language.

History
The Guanches lived primarily in coastal areas and in the vicinity of the largest canyons and hillsides in the valley. In these places food and means of subsistence were easily found. For the Guanches, the highest peak in Spain (Mount Teide), which is situated in this township, was regarded as a place of worship.

On the arrival of the Spanish conquistadores, such as Alonso Fernández de Lugo, the people of Tenerife resisted. Tenerife was the last of the Canary Islands to be conquered, in 1496. The origin of La Orotava goes back to the 1502 when the land and water were portioned out among the men who had taken part in the conquest.

Economy
The export economy established by the European settlers after the conquest in the 15th century spawned large commercial and passenger movements that were to last for decades. The first foreign visitors quickly felt drawn to the clemency and beneficial qualities of weather conditions found in the Taoro Valley.

La Orotava has a rich land for farming and its economy has been based on agriculture for centuries, with products such as wine, tomatoes, bananas and others that were exported mainly to Europe and the UK.

It was not until beginning of the 19th century that the tourism industry broke through. The natural environment of La Orotava helped attract many researchers and exclusive high-class groups from Europe. At this stage La Orotava was a leading cultural center accommodating many travellers and writers, among others William Wilde and Alexander von Humboldt.

Nowadays, La Orotava is visited by Northern Europeans all year round, specially during the winter months when the climate is quite mild, and over Christmas and New Year.

Subdivisions
The Orotava Valley stretches from the sea up to the mountains at 2,000 m which begins near Las Cañadas up to Pico del Teide at 3,718 m is Spain's tallest mountain. The valley includes the municipalities of Los Realejos, Puerto de la Cruz and La Orotava, with a combined population of 111,606 as at the start of 2023.

La Orotava is subdivided into various locations such as El Rincón, La Florida, La Perdoma, San Antonio, La Luz or Aguamansa, among others

Education
The British School of Tenerife has its La Luz Campus in La Orotava.

Sites of interest

 * El Ayuntamiento (town hall)
 * Mirador Humboldt, after Alexander von Humboldt, from the greatest panoramic attraction over the valley.
 * Casa Molina
 * Plaza de San Francisco
 * La Casa de los Balcones
 * El Teide, which is Spain's highest mountain
 * Iglesia de La Concepción (church), one of the best examples of Baroque era in the Canary Islands
 * Sociedad Liceo de Taoro

Persons

 * Fernando Estévez – sculptor.
 * Dr. George V. Perez (1861–1920), Anglo-Spanish Physician who settled in this area and became a renowned local physician and later, a botanist.
 * Matías de Escobar y Llamas – friar, speaker and writer.
 * Diego Rodríguez Fernández – footballer (CD Tenerife, Real Betis, Sevilla FC, Spain)
 * Carlos Benites Franquis de Lugo (1691–?) – governor of Spanish Texas between 1736 and 1737.
 * Luis Francisco Benítez de Lugo y Benítez de Lugo (1837-1876) – politician. Freemason and pioneer of Spiritualism in Spain.
 * Irene González Hernández (1969-2014), researcher and astrophysicist.

In literature
The English author Christopher Isherwood describes completing his novel Mr Norris Changes Trains in La Orotava in the summer of 1934 in chapter 10 of his autobiography Christopher and His Kind.

The English author Radclyffe Hall in chapter 37, section 3, of her novel "The Well of Loneliness" has her character Stephen Gordon state to her love interest Mary Llewellyn,"I'd like to get you right away for a bit, the weather seems pretty awful in Paris. Puddle once told me about Teneriffe, she went there ages ago with a pupil. She stayed at a place called Orotava; it's lovely, I believe – do you think you'd enjoy it?"

title: La Orotava


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Igor Moiseyev

Igor Aleksandrovich Moiseyev (Игорь Александрович Моисеев; 21 January 1906 – 2 November 2007) was a Soviet and Russian ballet master, dancer, choreographer and pedagogue. Moiseyev was widely acclaimed as the greatest 20th-century choreographer of character dance, a dance style similar to folk dance but with more professionalism and theatrics.

Life and career
Born in Kyiv, Russian Empire, he was the only child of a Russian lawyer and a French-Romanian seamstress. His family lived in Paris until he was 8, and throughout his life he spoke to Western journalists in fluent French. Moiseyev graduated from the Bolshoi Theatre ballet school in 1924 and danced in the theatre until 1939. His first choreography in the Bolshoi was Footballer in 1930 and the last was Spartacus in 1954.

Since the early 1930s, he staged acrobatic parades on Red Square and finally came up with the idea of establishing the Theatre of Folk Art. In 1936, Vyacheslav Molotov put him in charge of the new dance company, which has since been known as the Moiseyev Ballet. Among about 200 dances he created for his company, some humorously represented the game of football and guerrilla warfare. After visiting Belarus he choreographed a Belarusian "folk" dance Bulba ("Potato"), which over the years indeed became a Belarusian folk dance. According to the Encyclopædia Britannica, Moiseyev's work has been especially admired "for the balance that it maintained between authentic folk dance and theatrical effectiveness".

Moiseyev was named People's Artist of the USSR in 1953, Hero of Socialist Labour in 1976, received the Lenin Prize (1967, for the dance show A Road to the Dance), four Stalin/USSR State Prizes (1942, 1947, 1952, 1985), State Prize of the Russian Federation (1996), was awarded numerous orders and medals of the Soviet Union, Spain and many other countries. On the day of his centenary, Moiseyev became the first Russian to receive Order "For Merit to the Fatherland", 1st class — the highest civilian decoration of the Russian Federation. In 2001, he was awarded the UNESCO Mozart Medal for outstanding contribution to world music culture. He died in Moscow on 2 November 2007 aged 101.

He was married at least twice. In 1940, he married the dancer Tamara Zeifert and his daughter from that marriage, Olga, was a dancer in the Igor Moiseyev Ballet. His grandson, Vladimir Borisovich Moiseyev, was a performer in the Krasnoyarsk National Dance Company of Siberia as of 2015.

Today, the repertoire of the Igor Moiseyev Ballet includes choreographic works by Moiseyev, starting in 1937. Approximately, there are nearly 300 original works of Moiseyev.

Dances
Ballets:
 * Polovtsian Dances (music by Alexander Borodin)
 * At the skating-rink (music by Johann Strauss)
 * Night on Bald Mountain (music by Modest Mussorgsky)
 * Spanish ballad (music by Pablo Luna)
 * Evening in the Tavern
 * Jewish suite "Family joy"

Dance paintings: and many dances
 * Football
 * Guerrillas
 * Day on a ship (Engine room, Yablochko)
 * Labour Day
 * The buffoons (music by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov)

Honours and awards

 * USSR and the Russian Federation
 * Hero of Socialist Labour (20 January 1976)
 * Three Orders of Lenin (1958, 1976, 1985)
 * Order of the October Revolution (1981)
 * Order of the Red Banner of Labour, twice (1940, 1966 )
 * Order of the Badge of Honour (1937)
 * Order "For Merit to the Fatherland";
 * 1st class (21 January 2006) – for outstanding contribution to the development of domestic and international choreographic art, many years of creative activity
 * 2nd class (12 June 1999) – for outstanding contribution to cultural development and in connection with the 75th anniversary of creative activity
 * 3rd class (28 December 1995) – for services to the state, an outstanding contribution to the development of choreographic art
 * Order of Friendship of Peoples (11 April 1994) – for his great personal contribution to the development of choreographic art and world culture

 * Foreign
 * Order of Saint Alexander with a crown (Bulgaria, 1945)
 * Officer of the Order of Culture, 1st class (Hungary, 1954) and 2nd class (1960)
 * Officer of the Order of Culture (Hungary, 1989)
 * Commander of the Hungarian Order of Merit (1997)
 * Commander of the Order of "Citizenship Award" (Spain, 1996)
 * Order "Danaker" (Kyrgyzstan, 2007)
 * National Order of the Cedar (Lebanon, 1956)
 * Order of Sukhbaatar (Mongolia, 1976)
 * Order of the Polar Star (Mongolia) (1947)
 * Knight's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta (Poland, 1946)
 * Commander of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland (1996)
 * Officer of the Order of Culture (Romania, 1945)
 * Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise, 5th class (Ukraine, 3 March 2006) – for outstanding contribution to the development of cultural ties between Ukraine and the Russian Federation, the long-term selfless artistic activity
 * Order of Merit, 3rd class (Ukraine, 1999)
 * Order of the White Lion, 3rd class (Czechoslovakia, 1980)
 * Gold Star of the Order of Brotherhood and Unity (Yugoslavia 1946)
 * Commander of the Order of Merit of the Kingdom of Spain (1996)
 * UNESCO Mozart Medal
 * Order of May (2004)

 * Award
 * Lenin Prize (1967)
 * Stalin Prizes, 1st class (1942, 1952) and 2nd class (1947)
 * USSR State Prize (1985)
 * State Prize of the Russian Federation in Literature and Art in 1995 (27 May 1996)

 * Titles
 * People's Artist of the USSR (1953)
 * People's Artist of the RSFSR (1944)
 * People's Artist of the Moldavian SSR (1950)
 * People's Artist of the Kyrgyz SSR (1976)
 * Honored Artist of the RSFSR (1942)
 * People's Artist of the Buryat ASSR (1940)

! colspan="3" style="background: red;" | Ovation

title: Igor Moiseyev


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Noble Causes

Noble Causes is an American comic book series created and written by Jay Faerber, illustrated by a variety of artists and published by Image Comics. It was launched in 2002.

The series follows the lives of the Nobles, a wealthy superhero family in the Image Universe. The stories focus less on the Nobles fighting supervillains and more on their personal lives. Originally intended to be an ongoing title, it was downgraded into a series of miniseries and one-shots. It finally became an ongoing title in 2004.

Beginning with issue #32, the series jumped five years after the previous storyline. At this point, the characters Gaia, Race and Liz are no longer active part in the family, while Doc's new wife, Olympia, and her two children joined the Noble family.

The series concluded in 2008 with the publication of issue #40.

The Nobles

 * Dr. Dudley "Doc" Noble: Patriarch of the Noble family. A two-fisted scientist seemingly more at ease with machines than with other people, Doc will nevertheless go to any lengths he deems necessary to defend his family. He has access to a vast supply of advanced weaponry and equipment, which he can access with simple verbal commands (e.g. "Gun" brings him an energy gun; "Jet Pack" brings him a jet pack, etc.) Doc was initially married to Gaia, but divorced her after discovering her involvement in a monster that terrorized the city. He later married Olympia, but experienced difficulties when he discovered that he still had feelings for Gaia. Olympia left Doc with an ultimatum of choosing either her or Gaia. The series ends with Doc making a phone call to an unknown woman telling her that she's the one he "wants to be with".
 * Gaia Noble: The family matriarch. A sorceress from another dimension who can command the four classical elements, Gaia is also incredibly media savvy and is responsible for positioning the Noble family into the public spotlight. She’s extremely concerned with how things look to the public and goes to great lengths to ensure that the family's image remains intact. When the Blackthornes began to gain more attention than the Noble family, Gaia unleashed a monster for her family to fight and once again gain the public spotlight. This later backfired when Liz regained her memories, which included seeing Gaia give the monster instructions. As a result, Gaia and Doc divorced and Gaia spent multiple years in jail. Upon her release Gaia informed Doc that she intended to win back his heart.
 * Russell "Rusty" Noble: Doc and Gaia's first-born child, Rusty's brain was placed in a robotic body due to a battle with a robotic assassin that would have otherwise killed him. Rusty dislikes being in the public spotlight, which contributed to his eventual divorce with Celeste Noble. He later dates Cosmic Rae, a young woman with magnetic abilities that was secretly an android. Upon discovering this, Rusty tried to find the "real Rae". His mission led him to a robotics genius who was a federal witness. The ensuing battle ended with a number of police officers being injured and the deaths of a news helicopter crew. Rusty spent some time in jail and was eventually freed, where he resumed working with the current roster of Nobles. Five years in the future it is shown that Rusty has become a seemingly emotionless being, only showing emotion when Frost is injured and when the widow of the man he killed attempts revenge.
 * Frost: Gaia's son from an extramarital affair and the black sheep of the family. Aside from Gaia, each member of the family treats him with varying degrees of scorn. To the general public, Frost is something of an urban legend. He lives in seclusion in a large ice castle near the Aurora Borealis. Frost has the power of cold manipulation as well as the ability to transform into a cool mist, and always has an agenda when it comes to the Nobles (except for Gaia, to whom he's extremely loyal). He even went so far as to have an affair with Celeste while she was married to Rusty. He often hires himself out as a troubleshooter, even doing jobs for the U.S and Canadian governments. It was revealed that his father was actually a parallel universe version of "Doc".
 * Race Noble: Doc and Gaia's second-born son. Smart, handsome and charming, super-fast Race is considered the "golden boy" of the family. In the original miniseries, he was killed off while on his honeymoon. At the end of Noble Causes: Distant Relatives #4, he was returned to life in a twist similar to Bobby Ewing's resurrection. Now, he is the target of a revenge plot formulated by the Blackthornes, the Nobles' criminal counterparts. Years ago, during a fight between the two families, Race was battling Pierce Blackthorne when a misstep caused Pierce to fall to his death. Race failed to save Pierce and therefore was blamed by Hunter Blackthorne. The event haunts Race to this day. A recent attack by the super-powered assassin Widowmaker has robbed him of his super-speed abilities.
 * Elizabeth "Liz" Donnelly-Noble: Race's wife and the only normal member of the family. An ordinary Georgetown bookseller, she met Race when he disrupted a signing at her bookstore. Possessing no super-powers or exotic background, Liz is the proverbial stranger in a strange land. Her only special gifts are common sense and a willingness to speak her mind. On more than one occasion, she has shown that she can go toe-to-toe verbally with any member of the family, particularly Celeste. Liz was recently the assumed target of the Blackthorne family's revenge plot. A mishap occurred in the experiment intended to restore Race's powers, causing her to be hit with a tachyon stream and vanish. While travelling along the tachyon stream, she visited a number of alternate futures. Afterwards, she awoke in the present with amnesia, unable to remember the Nobles.
 * Zephyr Noble: Doc and Gaia's only daughter, and their youngest child. She has the power of air manipulation, and can be considered the wild child of the family, having once made a sex tape which was subsequently released on the internet. She later revealed to Liz that this tape was filmed while an innocent girl was being held at gunpoint, but due to the emotional damage Zephyr began a pattern of self-destructive behaviour which culminated in her becoming pregnant as the result of a tryst with her family's nemesis Draconis. Recently, she gave birth, but the baby was stillborn... or so she was led to believe. In reality, the doctor was paid by Necrona Blackthorne to help kidnap the baby. To escape from pressure caused by her public life, she has adopted an alternate persona (ironically enough, the prostitute that dressed up as her for Krennick). Zephyr often hangs out with Invincible, Shadowhawk and Firebreather. Eventually, as of issue #32, she was able to win Slate's affection, marrying him and turning her husband to the side of the angels.
 * Celeste Noble: Rusty's ex-wife, a publicity-hungry diva who possesses stellar energy-based powers. Undergoing extensive cosmetic surgery and receiving her powers from a think tank known as the Winterbourne Institute, Celeste attracted Rusty's attention by staging fights with supervillains she herself hired. Celeste seems to have married into the family more for the status than for love. She even dallied with Frost behind Rusty's back. It's been revealed that Celeste, much to her own surprise, has genuinely fallen in love with Dawn Blackthorne, with whom she's been pursuing a clandestine lesbian relationship. Her relationship with Dawn ends after Celeste kills Kitty, Dawn's mother, out of pity, believing her condition could not be cured.
 * Olympia Noble: Doc's second wife. Appeared in issue #32 as the second wife of Doc, she's superhumanly strong and beautiful, with an outgoing personality.
 * Minutiae: Olympia's geeky daughter. She has powers similar to the DC Comics heroes The Atom and Atom Girl in that she can alter her own mass and size, shrinking to subatomic level. She shares the same interest in science as Doc, helping him with his inventions.
 * Surge: Olympia's son. He is the classical "angry young man" who would disagree with Doc if Doc told him rain was wet, a Johnny Storm-like hothead with energy-based powers.
 * Slate Blackthorne: The youngest of the Blackthorne family. Able to transform into a super-strong rock-like form with incredible resistance to harm, Slate has no real desire to follow in his family's footsteps, so he secretly performs good deeds (e.g. hiding Widowmaker in a safehouse under the pretense that he killed her). He is Zephyr's next door neighbor. Initially, both were unaware of each other's alter-ego. As of issue #32 they married, and finally Slate becomes able to leave his villainous ways to be the hero he wanted to.

The Blackthornes

 * Hunter Blackthorne: A dark sorcerer, and patriarch of the Blackthorne family. Just released on parole, Hunter is plotting an elaborate revenge scheme against Race, whom he blames for the death of his son Pierce. That plan resulted in Race losing his super-speed and the public now viewing the Blackthornes as being reformed. After Kitty's death, he accepted Race's offer to reunite him with her and Pierce in an alternate reality.
 * Katherine "Kitty" Blackthorne: The matriarch of the Blackthorne family. In order to bolster her natural feral abilities, she drank a special elixir of Hunter's creation. If she took too much, she would mutate into a savage cat-like beast. Unfortunately, she developed an addiction to it. In her cat-beast form, she terrorized the streets of Crowns Pointe at night. Eventually, the elixir became part of her system and she was transforming without it. A cure was created, but too late as, after a rampage, she begged Celeste to end her misery. Reluctantly, Celeste decapitated Kitty with a stellar energy blast.
 * Mercury Blackthorne: The oldest of the Blackthorne children. After Pierce, Mercury's younger brother, died, he became mute. Mercury can alter his body's density from diamond-hard to intangible. He is the first member of the Blackthorne family to actually appear in the comic (issue #4 of the ongoing).
 * Necrona Blackthorne: Krennick's long-lost half-sister, current ruler of the Underworld and secretly Mercury's wife. It was revealed that Draconis had often ordered any daughters he had sired to be immediately put to death. Necrona's mother managed to spirit her away to a distant part of the Underworld. She made herself known when Krennick was suspected of murdering Gretchen Lewis. She kidnapped Zephyr's baby under the pretense that it was stillborn, raising it as her own. Like many of her people, Necrona possesses superhuman strength and durability, in addition to the ability to project fire from her hands.
 * Dusk and Dawn Blackthorne: Twins who can manipulate darkness and light manipulation respectively. Dusk resents Dawn, who, in her eyes, is the family favorite. She has also shown rather impulsive behavior, such as when she ambushed Zephyr Noble in the neighborhood she recently moved into. Dawn, on the other hand, values her family and her love life and keeps them very close to the vest. She works hard to keep her family together although she sometimes struggles to protect her secret lesbian relationship with Celeste Noble, which has since ended due to Celeste's mercy killing of Kitty.

Supporting cast

 * Krennick: Son of Draconis, ruler of the Underworld, a subterranean realm. Once an enemy of the Nobles alongside his father, he and Race became friends after both men were trapped in an alternate dimension for a year. Krennick became a surrogate member of the Noble family. Infatuated with Zephyr, he had a casual relationship with her stripper doppelgänger Gretchen Lewis, calling her by Zephyr's name and having her wear a red-haired wig, before her murder by one of Krennick's generals. The revelation of Krennick's predilections has strained his friendships with both Zephyr and Race. After the discovery of the true murderer, Krennick turned rulership of the Underworld over to his newfound sister Necrona. Like many of his people, Krennick possesses superhuman strength and durability, in addition to the ability to project fire from his hands. He is also a highly skilled warrior.
 * Clarion: Gaia's friend and confidant. Seen in a number of back-up stories, it was Clarion who raised Frost alongside her own son. Very little is known about Clarion, including whatever powers she may possess. It is possible that she may hail from the same dimension as Gaia.
 * Cosmic Rae: An African-American superheroine, Rusty begins dating soon after his divorce from Celeste. Rae can control magnetism, including manipulating metals which are susceptible to that force. While on a mission in space, it is discovered by Frost that Rae is actually a robot. Frost keeps her secret in exchange for her doing him a favor in the future. Rusty recently assaulted Rae upon discovering this, ripping one of her arms off in the process. Doc secretly revealed to Gaia that he created Rae so that Rusty could have someone to love.
 * Detective Ryan O'Mega: A detective in the superhuman crimes division of the Crown Pointe police department. O'Mega has various forms of superhuman vision (infrared, ultraviolet, X-ray, etc.). The downside is he needs special glasses to keep his vision powers in check, or they overwhelm him. After investigating the murder of Gretchen Lewis, he briefly became romantically involved with Zephyr.

Collected editions
The various releases are being collected into a number of trade paperbacks.

Vol. 1: In Sickness and in Health
Race introduces Liz to the family for dinner. After a huge skirmish, Liz retreats to the bathroom, shaken by what she witnessed. Some time later, Race and Liz' wedding comes. Soon after, while on their honeymoon, Race is killed by a laser beam from the sky. Meanwhile, Zephyr discovers she's pregnant and Rusty discovers Celeste and Frost's affair when he catches them together in the shower. It is revealed that Icarus, the family’s loyal robot servant, had murdered Race and severely injured Rusty, in order to reshape the family into what he thought Doc wanted it to be.

Volume collects Noble Causes 4-issue mini-series and Noble Causes: First Impressions.

Vol. 2: Family Secrets
Picking up the pieces after their ordeal at the hands of Icarus, the Nobles are again rocked by scandal when Zephyr's pregnancy becomes public. Meanwhile, Rusty throws Celeste out of their home for sleeping with Frost. Frost uses information he has concerning Zephyr's baby as leverage for Gaia to reveal who his father is. Rusty goes through a number of superheroes he believes to be the father of Zephyr's baby. The father is revealed to be Draconis, whom Doc kills at the end of the story. Celeste serves Rusty with divorce papers and Gaia finally tells Frost who his father is.

Volume collects Noble Causes: Family Secrets 4-issue mini-series.

Vol. 3: Distant Relatives
Frost goes off on a search for his true father, who turns out to be an alternate-reality version of Doc. In that reality, the Nobles are fugitives from the law. Meanwhile, Rusty, hurting after his divorce, finds love again when he meets Cosmic Rae. Liz has followed Frost on his search, looking for an alternate version of Race, who turns out to be rather amoral. After the death of his father, Krennick has become ruler of the Underworld, quite reluctantly. When Zephyr discovers that Krennick hires prostitutes to impersonate her, she becomes disgusted and tells Krennick to stay away from her. When Frost meets up with Liz, he decides to send her to another alternate reality — one where Race is alive but her own counterpart is dead.

Volume collects Noble Causes: Distant Relatives 4-issue mini-series.

Vol. 4: Blood & Water
A prostitute named Gretchen Lewis is discovered lying dead in an alley, dressed as Zephyr. Det. Omega is heading the investigation and Krennick is the prime suspect. Meanwhile, Rusty and Cosmic Rae embark on a government-sponsored mission to rescue a team of scientists from another planet. Unfortunately, Celeste and Frost are part of the mission as well. Gretchen's killer turns out to be Diakun, Krennick's advisor. Doc goes to visit Steven Dockerty, a man so obsessed with Gaia that he once tried to assassinate the president of the United States in order to impress her. He returns a different man.

Volume collects issues #1-6.

Vol. 5: Betrayals
Rusty, Celeste, Frost, Rae and the other heroes are still stranded on the alien world, which is later revealed to be the dimension Gaia hails from. Steven Dockerty escapes from the mental institution where he was being kept and heads straight for Noble Manor. But things are not as they appear. As it turns out, Dockerty switched bodies with Doc with the cooperation of a warlock. When the entire family arrives in Gaia's home dimension, the spell is reversed and the heroes return home. As a consolation, Gaia's father, the ruler of the dimension, is given Dockerty as a prisoner. Zephyr finally gives birth to her baby. Unfortunately, what should be a time of great joy becomes a tragedy when the baby is stillborn...or so the Nobles are led to believe.

Volume collects issues #7-12, plus The Pact volume 2 #2.

Vol. 6: Hidden Agendas
Hunter Blackthorne has just made parole, much to the chagrin of the Nobles, particularly Doc and Race. Once he is home, he and the family set an insidious revenge plot in motion. Their target: Liz Noble. Zephyr attempts to live a normal life, following the apparent death of her baby. Meanwhile, Celeste is involved in a secret affair with Dawn Blackthorne.

Volume collects issues #13-18 plus Frost short story "Snow Job" from ''Image Holiday Special 2005".

Vol. 7: Powerless
Volume collects issues #19-25.

Vol. 8: Star Crossed
The lives of the Nobles and the Blackthornes continue to intertwine as Zephyr Noble and Slate Blackthorne enter into a secret affair, and the terminally ill Kitty Blackthorne makes an unthinkable request of Celeste.

Volume 8 collects issues #26-31.

Vol. 9: Five Years Later
Jumping five years after the events of the previous story, Doc Noble has rededicated the Noble family to be the world's preeminent superheroes, but even as they take a more pro-active approach to fighting crime on a global scale, they still harbor dark secrets and hidden agendas.

Volume 9 collects issues #32-36.

Vol. 10: Ever After
Long-kept secrets are revealed in the final volume of the Noble Causes saga as Image Comics’ most dysfunctional superhero family returns for their last collection of adventures.

Volume 10 collects issues #37-40.

Noble Causes: Extended Family
Two-issue series.

Noble Causes Archives Vol. 1
Collects volumes 1 through 5 (black & white)

Noble Causes Archives Vol. 2
Collects volumes 6 through 10 and Noble Causes: Extended Family (black & white)

Reading order

 * Noble Causes Vol 1: In Sickness and in Health
 * Noble Causes Vol 2: Family Secrets
 * Noble Causes Extended Family 1
 * Noble Causes Vol 3: Distant Relatives
 * Noble Causes Extended Family 2
 * Noble Causes Vol 4: Blood & Water
 * Noble Causes Vol 5: Betrayals
 * Noble Causes Vol 6: Hidden Agendas
 * Noble Causes Vol 7: Powerless
 * Noble Causes Vol 8: Star Crossed
 * Noble Causes Vol 9: Five Years Later
 * Noble Causes Vol 10: Ever After

Other appearances

 * Doc and Gaia Noble attend the funeral of the Guardians of the Globe in Invincible #8.
 * The Nobles make a cameo appearance at Captain Dynamo's funeral in Dynamo 5 #1.
 * The Nobles also make a more eventful appearance in Dynamo 5 #13 when Augie Ford of F.L.A.G. calls the Nobles to aid the Dynamo 5's mentor Maddie Warner, after she has fallen into a coma. He again appears in Dynamo 5 #17 when she is brought out of her coma.
 * Zephyr Noble appears in the second volume of The Pact, a book about a team of superhero teens of which she is a member.
 * A Noble Causes short story titled "Family Gathering" is included in Image! 30th Anniversary Anthology #7.

Interviews

 * An Original "Cause": Jay Faerber talks "Noble Causes". Comic Book Resources. December 23, 2004
 * Jay Faerber Fights For His "Noble Causes". Comic Book Resources. April 6, 2006
 * JAY FAERBER ON NOBLE CAUSES' 5 YEAR JUMP, September 10, 2007

Reviews

 * Review of Noble Causes v4: Blood & Water, at Comics Bulletin
 * Review of Noble Causes v5: Betrayal, at Comics Bulletin
 * Review of Noble Causes v6: Hidden Agendas, at Comics Bulletin

title: Noble Causes


text:
User talk:Da ramrod

Welcome from Journalist
Welcome!

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User:Journalist (talk • contribs)

title: User talk:Da ramrod


text:
User talk:Ebuzzmaster

Welcome from Spinboy
Hello and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers:

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Please do not remove speedy deletion tags from articles that you have created yourself. If you do not believe the article deserves to be deleted, then please place on the page and make your case on the article's talk page. Administrators will look at your reasoning before deciding what to do with the article. Thank you. -- Armadillo From Hell 06:08, 27 October 2006 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image (Image:NetSolLogo-New.gif.gif)
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title: User talk:Ebuzzmaster


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Disperse

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Keep. R e  dwolf24  (talk) 02:53, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

Disperse
Local Christian group with only one album. Doesn't seem to meet the criteria at WP:MUSIC, but hopefully someone who knows more about the subject area will weigh in. -Aranel (" Sarah ") 20:57, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Weak Keep Somewhat famous and toured in the Ohio/Indiana area (which is larger then some "medium-sized" countries) and has potential to grow more famous. Guerberj 22:17, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The fact that they toured in an area in which I am vaguely familiar with Christian music doesn't actually increase my impression of their notability. There are tons of small Christian bands in the Ohio/Indiana area. -Aranel (" Sarah ") 02:14, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep minimal listing on All Music Guide . I'll tidy the page a little. Alf 23:35, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Ministry of Fear

Ministry of Fear is a 1944 American spy thriller film noir directed by Fritz Lang, and starring Ray Milland and Marjorie Reynolds. Based on the 1943 novel by Graham Greene, the film tells the story of a man just released from a mental asylum who finds himself caught up in an international spy ring and pursued by Nazi agents after inadvertently receiving something they want. The original music for the film was composed by Victor Young.

Plot
In wartime Britain during the Blitz, Stephen Neale is released from Lembridge Asylum. While waiting for a train to London, Neale visits a village fête hosted by the Mothers of Free Nations charity. He is urged to go to the palm reader's tent to have his fortune told by Mrs. Bellane, an older woman. He asks her to ignore the past and tell the future, which startles her. She cryptically tells him to enter a contest and guess the weight of a cake as 4 lb. Neale does so and wins the cake. Then a young blond man hurries to see Mrs. Bellane. People try to persuade Neale to give the cake to the blond man, but Neale refuses.

Neale departs Lembridge with only a blind man sharing his train compartment. Neale offers him some cake. Neale sees the blind man crumbling his portion. When the train stops during an air raid, Neale's companion turns out not to be blind after all. He strikes Neale with his walking stick, steals the cake, and flees, with Neale in pursuit. The man shoots at him, but is killed by a German bomb. Neale finds the man's revolver and continues on to London.

Neale hires private detective George Rennit to help him investigate the Mothers of Free Nations. Neale meets Willi Hilfe and his sister Carla, refugees from Austria who run the charity. Willi takes him to Mrs. Bellane's London mansion (followed by Rennit). Neale is shocked to discover that this Mrs. Bellane is a beautiful young medium. She invites them to stay for her séance. Among the other attendees are artist Martha Penteel, psychiatrist Dr. Forrester, and Mr. Cost, the blond man at the fête. After the lights are dimmed, a mysterious voice claims she was poisoned by Neale, disconcerting him. Then a shot rings out – Cost is found shot dead. Neale admits to having the blind man's gun. He flees with Willi's help.

Neale goes to Rennit's office, only to find it ransacked. He talks to Carla. An air raid forces the two to shelter in an Underground station, where Neale reveals that he had planned to euthanize his terminally ill wife. He changed his mind, but she committed suicide using poison he had bought. Due to the circumstances, Neale received a light sentence of two years at the asylum.

The next morning, Carla hides Neale at a friend's bookstore. Neale spots a book by Forrester, The Psychoanalysis of Nazidom. Carla reveals that Forrester is one of her volunteers, as well as a consultant for the Ministry of Home Security. Neale is convinced that Carla's organization is a front for Nazi spies. Carla finds out that almost all the people Neale suspects are charity volunteers, all recommended by Forrester. She tells Willi about her discovery, and admits that she loves Neale.

That afternoon, Neale goes to Penteel’s flat, only to find Mrs. Bellane. The two verbally spar. He flees when Penteel returns and begins screaming for the police.

Later, Carla tells Neale what she has learned. The bookseller asks the couple to deliver some books in a suitcase since they are leaving. They are nearly killed by the bomb inside.

Neale awakens in the hospital, the prisoner of Scotland Yard Inspector Prentice. Neale persuades Prentice to search the bombed-out cottage for evidence. Neale finds a microfilm of military secrets inside a piece of cake in a bird's nest. Officials insist that the documents have only been taken out of a safe twice, the second time when Forrester's tailor, Travers, was present. Neale recalls that the empty flat was leased in Travers' name.

Prentice and Neale go to the tailor's shop, and find that Travers is Cost. Travers ostensibly calls a client about a suit - it is actually a coded message. Then, seeing he is trapped, he commits suicide. When Neale dials the number, Carla answers.

Neale slips away to confront Carla. Willi emerges, armed with a pistol, and admits he is the head of the spy ring. Another copy of the microfilm is sewn into the suit he received from Travers. Carla throws a candlestick, striking her brother's hand. The two men struggle, and Carla picks up the gun. When she refuses to hand it over to Willi, he tries to flee, but she shoots him dead. Forrester and other Nazi agents chase Neale and Carla. Prentice arrives and kills the remaining Nazis.

Cast

 * Ray Milland as Stephen Neale
 * Marjorie Reynolds as Carla Hilfe
 * Carl Esmond as Willi Hilfe/Mr. Macklin
 * Hillary Brooke as Mrs. Bellane #2
 * Percy Waram as Inspector Prentice
 * Dan Duryea as Cost/Travers
 * Alan Napier as Dr. Forrester
 * Erskine Sanford as George Rennit
 * Mary Field as Martha Penteel
 * Aminta Dyne as Mrs. Bellane #1

Comparison with the novel
Graham Greene's protagonist, Arthur Rowe (Stephen Neale in the film), is profoundly tormented with guilt for his having murdered his wife. In the movie, that is a simple mercy killing, an assisted suicide. In the book, Rowe slips the poison into his wife's milk – "how queer it tastes," she says – and leaves her to die alone. Despite the official finding of a mercy killing, he believes "that somewhere there was justice, and justice condemned him." He knows that the deed was not so much to end her suffering, as to end his own. This overwhelming sense of guilt, pervading the novel from beginning to end, is absent from the film.

The film omits all of Rowe's incarceration in Dr Forester's private asylum with amnesia, after the bomb in the booby-trapped case of books explodes. Gradually he works out that the institution is run by Nazi agents and that inmates who find out too much are eliminated. Painful though it is to regain his memories, he realises that he must remember all he can and get out to inform the police.

His love interest, Anna Hilfe (Carla Hilfe in the film), appears in Fritz Lang's movie to be uninvolved in her brother's spy activities. In the novel, she does not shoot her brother dead, and there is no rooftop shootout with Nazi agents. Her brother Willi Hilfe, armed with a gun with a single bullet, commits suicide, in a railway station lavatory, when he cannot escape. Anna (Carla) must forever fear exposure as a spy, just as Rowe (Neale) fears exposure as a murderer. They go on together, lovers, but hardly the happy and carefree couple portrayed in the film: "They had to tread carefully for a lifetime, never speak without thinking twice ... They would never know what it was not to be afraid of being found out." That, not the spy pursuit of the film, is at the heart of Graham Greene's novel.

Response
In a review at the time of release, Bosley Crowther of The New York Times wrote positively of Ministry of Fear, stating: "Mr. Lang has given the picture something of the chilling quality of some of his early German shockers—a strangely arch and maniacal surge that comes through suggestive use of camera and morbid pace in more critical spots. The clammy and numbing sensations of fear are thereby conveyed in a manner that is quite unusual for our generally overworked screen."

Dave Kehr of the Chicago Reader praised the film, writing: "This 1944 thriller represents an epochal meeting of two masters of Catholic guilt and paranoia, novelist Graham Greene and director Fritz Lang. Ray Milland, just released from a sanitorium, finds the outside world more than a fit match for his delusions as he stumbles into an elaborate Nazi plot. The hallucinatory quality of the opening scene (an innocent country fair turns out to be a nest of spies) is reminiscent of Lang's expressionist films of the 20s, but this is a more mature, more controlled film, Lang at his finest and purest."

Judd Blaise, writing for Allmovie, states: "While it does not reach the same level of timeless classic as Carol Reed's adaptation of Greene's The Third Man four years later, Ministry of Fear stands as a well-made, thoroughly gripping and intelligent example of film noir."

title: Ministry of Fear


text:
Talk:Las Vegas Beltway

Official length
the official length is more like 11mi. from i515 to i15. i215 has i status all the way to i515 now. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.53.13.24 (talk • contribs)

 * I-215 does extend to I-515/US 93&95. However, the official length of I-215 as maintained by NDOT is the 2+ miles stated in the article.  The remainder of I-215 (and all the rest of the beltway) is still maintained by Clark County and is not officially considered to be I-215. Ljthefro 06:25, 5 October 2007 (UTC)

Clark County 215 shield
Is it possible that someone can upload an image of the Clark County 215 shield? It looks like the one on this page: http://www.rockymountainroads.com/i-215_nv.html (but don't use that one here, unless there is no alternative) Noting the custom design, and that Clark County's website is copyrighted (see http://accessclarkcounty.com/clark_county/privacy.htm) are we to assume that the shield itself is copyrighted? If it is simply a derivative of the generic county shield, which can't be copyrighted, or is it unique enough to be copyrighted by the county? I found this also: http://www.accessclarkcounty.com/newsletters/sand_m/March_2005/mar_woodbury.html. --Geopgeop (T) 07:47, 2 November 2007 (UTC)

Ooh, this may work: http://www.co.clark.nv.us/PUBWORKS/county_projects/beltway/06_bulletin.pdf --Geopgeop (T) 13:54, 3 November 2007 (UTC)

Wow, no shield yet? --Geopgeop (T) 03:04, 3 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Somebody's made a shield. It isn't quite right, because Clark County's 215 shield is closer to a true pentagon than the standard county route marker, and the fonts are not FHWA series.  But I think it will do for now, cause I'm not sure if the actual image is under copyright or not.  --Ljthefro (talk) 06:53, 9 July 2008 (UTC)

Article name
Since all of the physical signage says Bruce Woodbury Beltway I plan on moving the article to that name unless someone has a good reason not to. 02:41, 24 December 2007 (UTC)
 * Naming conventions (common names). The majority of media usage of Bruce Woodbury Beltway is talking about the renaming, while there are 137 matches for Las Vegas Beltway in 2007 only. --NE2 01:52, 1 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Neither number is so large as to impact any decision. Locally the road is know as the 215 or the Beltway. Vegaswikian (talk) 02:20, 1 January 2008 (UTC)
 * No, it's clear from the results that the media almost never uses the "official" name, and that the common name is "Las Vegas Beltway" (or, as you say, "Beltway" or "215", neither of which works for an article title). --NE2 03:04, 1 January 2008 (UTC)
 * I think changing the name to Bruce Woodbury Beltway or Las Vegas Beltway is fine for now, due to the current ambiguous nature of the I-215 designation. But if you go by the naming conventions linked above, Las Vegas Beltway is more appropriate.  In the future when the beltway is fully freeway and designated as Interstate, the article name should be reverted to Interstate 215 (Nevada). Ljthefro (talk) 00:14, 4 January 2008 (UTC)
 * I have not seen any mention of the federal government taking the road over and designating it as an interstate. Are you aware of anything in this area??  I know the county would love that, especially if they reimburse for the money spent to build it. Vegaswikian (talk) 01:11, 4 January 2008 (UTC)
 * It wouldn't be the federal government, since the States actually own all the interstate highways. I recall hearing or reading many years ago that the  Clark County would turn the beltway over to NDOT once the entire facility was constructed to freeway/Interstate standards.  It would be at this point that the beltway would be fully designated as I-215 (whether this would be "chargeable" Interstate wasn't specified).  AASHTO has currently only approved the designation for use between I-15 and I-515.

I 215 - CC 215 transition point
Does anyone have some good references for this? When the road opened at I 15, it ran to Decatur and was signed at the I 15 exit as I 215 west as I recall. Somehow over time various editors have moved the transition point to I 15. Clearly we need some references to check our facts and make clear any ownership changes that may have happened on this portion of the road. Vegaswikian (talk) 18:42, 5 July 2008 (UTC)

 * The beltway was never signed "I-215 West" from I-15. Some photographic evidence:
 * The original signs on SB I-15 approaching the beltway ramp said "[Airport sign] [I-215] East / Las Vegas Blvd / McCarran Airport / Henderson". The first sign structure along the off ramp had the same lines for the EB pull-through and a "Decatur Blvd" sign for the westbound exit.  Once a significant amount of the CC 215 frontage roads were built, the signs were changed.  The I-15 exit signs were changed to read "East [I-215] [CC 215] West / Henderson / 215 West".  The ramp sign that read Decatur Blvd had that portion greened out and "[CC 215] West" replaced it, above the greenout portion.  See the last 4 pictures at RockyMountainRoads.com I-15 SB Highway Guide (Las Vegas vicinity).
 * A pull-through sign at the westbound I-215/CC 215 exit to I-15 south originally read "Decatur Blvd". Concurrent with the sign change on I-15, this sign was changed to read "Begin / [CC 215]".  See last 2 pictures under 'Interstate 215 West (Inner Loop)' at RockyMountainRoads.com I-215 west (inner loop) Highway Guide.  Had I-215 been signed all the way to Decatur, the original Decatur pull-through sign at this location should have said "[I-215] West".
 * Also, every NDOT mileage log since 2001 has listed the I-215 western terminus (at least the state maintained portion) at I-15.
 * --Ljthefro (talk) 23:07, 5 July 2008 (UTC)
 * Thanks. I guess the NDOT mileage log is the most convincing.  Sure wish I could filter out the newer search hits and find the early RJ articles.  Vegaswikian (talk) 23:27, 5 July 2008 (UTC)

freeway/expressway changeover
I was going to update the exit list table to show that the road changes from an expressway to a freeway north of Summerlin Parkway, but where does it return to an expressway? I have not driven past Cheyenne Avenue in a while but it is an freeway past that point. Vegaswikian (talk) 17:48, 11 July 2008 (UTC)

 * The beltway stays freeway at least to just past Alexander Road (an overpass). By the time it reaches Lone Mtn Road, it is a 4-lane undivided road.  It stays this way until just before Hualapai, where it transitions to freeway until a point between Durango and US 95.  It's expressway from there to the north terminus.

 * When I last edited the exit list, I changed the format so that a multi-column row denotes the place where complete freeway ends and expressway portions begin (between Charleston and Far Hills). In places where freeway segments exist, "Interchange" is placed in the notes column.  I've seen similar notation used on other exit lists; it avoids the hassle of needing to determine exact locations of road transitions and use of multiple multi-column rows.  --Ljthefro (talk) 00:35, 12 July 2008 (UTC)

Exit numbers
Can anybody verify the newest exit numbers on the west leg of the beltway that are listed in this article? Specifically: Far Hills Ave (28), Summerlin Pkwy (29), Lake Mead Blvd (30), Cheyenne Ave (31). The picture in this article from the LVRJ conflicts with what's posted here (the picture has Exit 29 for Lake Mead). I'd doubt exit numbers are even posted at Far Hills & Summerlin Pkwy if interchange construction just started there... As I'm not currently in Vegas to verify, any insight would be appreciated. Thanks. --Ljthefro (talk) 02:06, 18 July 2008 (UTC)
 * As of tonight, I did not see any exit numbers at Far Hills, Summerlin or Lake Mead. Vegaswikian (talk) 04:25, 18 July 2008 (UTC)

Broken link reference #4
Current link for citation #4 gives 401 unauthorized. Updated link with possibly the same (or more) info is http://www.clarkcountynv.gov/Depts/public_works/PW_Projects/Pages/215Beltway.aspx

Dbw89131 (talk) 22:36, 13 April 2012 (UTC)

Bradley Road
Looks like the bridge is in place. Anyone know for sure if this will eventually become an interchange. A quick look did not reveal any sources either way. Vegaswikian (talk) 18:34, 14 August 2013 (UTC)
 * The ultimate build-out of the beltway does not include an interchange at Bradley Road. Not sure if any frontage roads to connect the ramps and perpetuate the original access are part of the plan. --  LJ  ↗  07:30, 17 August 2013 (UTC)

Only County Freeway?
I'm not so sure that CC-215 is "the only county road in the nation that is a freeway". For one thing, this claim is unsourced. Next, it really depends on how one defines a freeway. A similar facility, the Osceola Parkway, exists near Orlando and is signed as Osceola County Road 522. Both highways are divided highways with limited access. Both highways do have at-grade intersections. The only difference is, Osceola Parkway is a toll road, so perhaps it does not qualify as a freeway. On the other hand, at-grade intersections may disqualify the Las Vegas Beltway as a freeway, too. -- JeffBillman (talk) 02:24, 4 February 2015 (UTC)

 * Also, I just found another exception: Suffolk County Route 97 in Long Island, New York, is a freeway for part of its route. -- JeffBillman (talk) 02:36, 4 February 2015 (UTC)

 * I don't know whether this claim can be supported, so I would be fine with it's removal from the article. I believe the claim to fame for the Las Vegas Beltway (which I seem to recall reading in multiple articles from earlier construction days) is that it is the first Interstate highway that has been significantly planned/funded/designed/maintained by a county government. --  LJ  ↗  08:01, 4 February 2015 (UTC)

little to no state or federal funding

 * This marked the first time in the United States that a county has overseen the construction of an Interstate highway with little to no state or federal funding. Once completely upgraded to freeway, it is anticipated that the CC 215 portion of the beltway will be designated I-215 and the entire facility turned over to the Nevada Department of Transportation for maintenance.

Is this true? Weren't the loop freeways in the Phoenix area paid for by a sales tax in Maricopa county? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2600:8801:2A80:8B00:601A:8862:D3B1:F2F5 (talk) 06:13, 7 August 2016 (UTC)

 * The Phoenix loop freeways are state highways, not Interstate highways. If they were funded by the county tax, I'm reasonably certain that ADOT still oversaw planning and construction. With the Las Vegas Beltway, it's primary funding came from local county taxes and the planning and construction has been mostly overseen by Clark County with input by NDOT (I believe NDOT only oversaw construction and provided some funding at the I-15 and US 95 interchanges). And, as far as I'm aware, it is still planned to turn the beltway over to NDOT.  LJ   ↗  18:13, 7 August 2016 (UTC)

Inclusion of years of completion in exit list
In the notes section of the exit list, should there be mention of the years in which the interchanges were completed? Some of those years are not exactly recent since they date back to 1999/2000-ish with several more openings throughout the 2000s. The only reason I would see for including years of completion would be in cases where only the most significant additions or changes were made to the Beltway and its access points. I’m not sure if it makes a difference by state, but in California many users have argued against adding years of interchange completion because it makes the article feel dated. Pf1127 (talk) 19:46, 30 October 2020 (UTC)

 * This is the only Nevada article that includes this information in the junction lists. The 215 is an interesting case because some segments first opened as freeway with interchanges and other segments were built as frontage roads or 4-lane roads with at-grade intersections and later reconstructed as freeway with interchanges (and the construction types varied along the west and north alignments). It's kind of interesting data from a historical perspective of how the beltway was developed, but the implementation in the jct list does not give the complete picture. It would be cool to retain and complete this info, but not sure what the best way to present it would be...but it would likely be moved to the History section. (It will also need a lot more sourcing.)  LJ   ↗  01:57, 31 October 2020 (UTC)

Length
Why is this even called an interstate when it goes from Las Vegas to Las Vegas? 72.207.175.17 (talk) 04:22, 3 January 2022 (UTC)
 * An "Interstate Highway" is just a component of the "Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways", i.e. the "Interstate Highway System". Many Interstates fail to cross state lines, including most of the auxiliary (three-digit) Interstates.  Imzadi 1979  →   06:09, 3 January 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Las Vegas Beltway


text:
User:Kilroy1138

My user page is really boring.

title: User:Kilroy1138


text:
Foreign Military Studies Office

The Foreign Military Studies Office, or FMSO, is a research and analysis center for the United States Army that is part of the United States Army Combined Arms Center at Fort Leavenworth. It manages the Joint Reserve Intelligence Center there.

Mission
The main purpose of FMSO is to conduct analysis relating to foreign military and security studies based upon open source research. FMSO's publications are available on its web site, and its researchers publish in many professional military and academic journals, where their products can be assessed in the market place of ideas. Originally created by LTG William Richardson, TRADOC Commander, as the Soviet Army Studies Office in 1986, SASO's first director was Dr. Bruce Menning. A primary area of focus was the development of operational art in the Soviet Union. Colonel David Glantz, a well-known author on the Soviet military experience in the Second World War, became its second director. FMSO was staffed by US Army foreign area officers and civilian scholars. With the end of the Cold War SASO became FMSO in 1991 and its focus initially broadened to Central and Eastern Europe.

FMSO was actively involved in research on the end of the Cold War, the challenge of ethno-nationalism to Post-Cold War Europe, and relevant foreign military experience, such as the Soviet-Afghan War and the Wars in Chechnya. FMSO developed a research programs on Latin American military affairs, Chinese military studies, and Eurasian military studies. In the post Cold War era FMSO did address problems of asymmetric warfare. In the last decade it has also addressed the problem of integrating cultural insights into COIN and played a key role in the initial development of the Human Terrain System, and is an active partner of the controversial cultural geography mapping project called México Indígena.

Operation Iraqi Freedom Documents
Through the site, the US government made publicly available the Operation Iraqi Freedom Documents - some 55,000 boxes of documents, audiotapes and videotapes relating to the government of Saddam Hussein, seized during the Iraq invasion in 2003 for the purposes of Document Exploitation (DOCEX). However, in early November 2006, the entire set of documents was apparently removed. Media reports stated that the website was taken offline because the documents included sophisticated diagrams and other information detailing nuclear weapon design that could be useful to anyone wishing to construct a nuclear weapon.

title: Foreign Military Studies Office