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Talk:Pattern matching

Typing failure

 * "Pattern matching failure can often be ascribed to a type signature that is not strong enough or is incorrect."

I took that out because although I can imagine type signature can be blamed, I'm not at all assured that's a frequent or even reasonable cause. At least in Haskell, pattern type and expression type are statically checked to match. Perhaps if the type of a function is Maybe Integer -> Integer but giving Nothing as argument causes a matching failure, so the point would be the type should actually be Integer -> Integer? --82.181.66.63 10:32, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

Scope of this article
This article started as one about pattern matching in the ML family of programming languages. At some point a mention of Mathematica was added as an additional example. It's an interesting programming language, but not a general-purpose one, and its flavour of pattern matching is problematic as it's computationally expensive (NP-complete?). Thus I question whether the recent addition of the examples in Mathematica syntax and focus of discussion matter into regex-like features can keep the article focused. There already are articles about Mathematica and regexes, respectively, and their intersection might perhaps even warrant an article of its own. Be bold in your edits, but please include a comment, and discuss if you want to reach mutual understanding. --TuukkaH 22:54:17, 2005-09-03 (UTC)

 * Ok, this is still going into more general direction, I hope it works out well for an article with such an ambitious title :-) I just moved Mathematica and string pattern matching stuff into their own subsections. Now to make this more balanced, we would need at least:
 * a subsection about Snobol syntax
 * a short section and a see also to string patterns (regexes?)
 * a subsection about history of pattern matching
 * more examples to illustrate the points
 * diagrams about patterns
 * --TuukkaH 01:34:26, 2005-09-10 (UTC)

 * I have a number of comments. First is that I think its a good idea to work together to make this a great section. However I respectfully disagree with the claims that Mathematica is not a general purpose language. I see it as an extremely general purpose language, that happens to also have a whole bunch of math functionality built it. (It is certainly as general purpose as ML or Haskell, and in some ways more so because of its graphics, import/export, and support for very wide array of programming constructs). It is true that the pattern matching in Mathematica is theoretically NP complete; yet in practice this is rarely an issue. Besides, I think it's good to cover pattern matching in all of its radically different flavors.

 * Perhaps we won't want to use the term general-purpose in this article then :-) There must be reasons why the programming language of Mathematica is without family. I can't but think it's designed as a scripting tool for symbolic mathematics, also built-in math already makes it special-purpose. Also, general-purpose is orthogonal with multi-paradigm. You do know that Haskell has been used to implement Perl 6 (Pugs), a revision-control system (Darcs) and an operating system with a graphical user-interface (House)? --TuukkaH 16:57, 21 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I think my concept for the article is to list a bunch of ways pattern matching can be used, and then show how 2-3 "paradigmatic" languages implement those ideas. In a way, my structure was an implicit challenge. Mathematica's use of pattern matching is quite frankly powerful and advanced, and I wanted to see if people could post examples in other languages of the same sorts of things. (I am happy to see that this challenge has been met in some of the places). But it is not unreasonable to organize it by language rather than by application of pattern matching. I agree that diagrams would be helpful. --Kovas

 * It should be clear by now that I would prefer Haskell as the general syntax and to absolutely keep info about Mathematica in. I start another thread below, because I'm starting to have a hard time thinking of all the organizational possibilities. --TuukkaH 16:57, 21 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Regarding complexity of pattern matching, with GHC's view patterns extension, pattern matching in Haskell can be arbitrarily complex. — Daf (talk) 02:08, 5 October 2009 (UTC)

Section structure
Contents at the moment:
 * 1) Primitive patterns
 * 2) Tree patterns
 * 3) Filtering data with patterns
 * 4) Pattern matching in Mathematica
 * 5) Declarative programming
 * 6) Pattern matching and strings
 * 7) Tree patterns for strings
 * 8) Example string patterns

Contents from a previous version by Kevin:
 * 1) Primitive patterns
 * 2) Structure patterns
 * 3) Pattern matching for user-defined types
 * 4) Extracting data with patterns
 * 5) Patterns for declarative programming
 * 6) Pattern matching and Strings

Stuff I'd want to cover:
 * Important uses: function definitions, filtering and extraction, replacing (==rewriting?)
 * Languages: SNOBOL, Perl?, Mathematica, Haskell
 * Patterns: primitives, combination, regexes, trees, advanced features
 * History of pattern matching

Some of the language stuff can go to language-specific articles and some of the pattern stuff could go to a separate article about patterns if there are a lot of general features to discuss. --TuukkaH 16:57, 21 September 2005 (UTC)

So a tentative table of contents: --TuukkaH 16:57, 21 September 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) Patterns (primitive, in Haskell function definitions)
 * 2) Sequences (Perl, regexes)
 * 3) Trees (combinations into trees)
 * 4) Filtering and extraction
 * 5) Rewriting
 * 6) Mathematica (syntax, advanced features, symbolic features)
 * 7) History
 * 8) SNOBOL (syntax)

AI
Am I wrong in thinking pattern matching is used in AI? It doesn't seem to be mentioned on the page at all.

I'm thinking of the syntax matching Parry did, when he converted sentences into basic syntax forms. Thanks,

--Elín 23:08, 13 January 2007 (UTC)

Scope too narrow
Pattern-matching is used by the human brain - it is one of our greatest strengths. One of the first things a baby masters is the visual tracking of human faces. But this article only mentions pattern-matching from the computer standpoint. Grassynoel 09:03, 16 September 2007 (UTC)

Incorrectly titled?
Seems like this article should be titled "Pattern matching in Haskell", not "Pattern matching".

 * Well, not really - it also talks about pattern matching in Mathematica...

 * I'm glad we all agree it should be titled something like "Pattern matching in obscure languages". For my part I would expect to see a pattern matching article mention things like Rete or Levensthein distance rather than deep dives into various peoples' favorite obscure languages. Hard to even give this article points for mentioning regular expressions because they're barely examined.

An article that treats a class of algorithms should be offering information about those algorithms and techniques in a language-agnostic sense, not losing the reader in the syntax and implementation details of an specific implementation language. -- Mikeblas 17:11, 13 October 2007 (UTC)

 * What is "language-agnostic" in the context of programming? The sort of pseudocode I've seen usually bears a striking resemblance to the favoured language of its progenitor (typically Pascal or C).

 * Should Wikipedia articles be written in a "natural language agnostic" sense, by avoiding the use of English? Should we invent a "pseudo-English", whose only purpose is to avoid losing readers in the details of actual English? I am being facetious, obviously, but there is a serious point to be made here. It's a bit too constraining to talk about programming without being able to present any actual source code.

 * Yes again you've nailed it. This should not be a programming centric article.

 * Could you be more specific about which pieces of the text you think go into the details of Haskell too much, in the context of this article?—greenrd 19:34, 13 October 2007 (UTC)

Disambiguation page
I've added a hatnote indicating this article (currently) concerns itself with pattern matching in functional programming languages, even though the lead does not accurately reflect this. "Pattern matching" is often used as a synonym for string matching and especially pattern recognition. Perhaps this should be turned into a disambiguation page instead? —Ruud 12:02, 7 March 2012 (UTC)

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This is just terrible
The article seems to be languishing and does not provide an overview of pattern matching is modern languages, where a common set of functionality is emerging -- it references a bunch of these (Scala, F#, Haskell) but the examples are too ML- and Mathematica-centric, and the Haskell example is hard to follow. Gvanrossum (talk) 04:32, 16 June 2020 (UTC)

Split article?
As it stands now (and as has been mentioned several times over the years on this very talk page) the article is a bit schizophrenic. So, perhaps it would be a good idea to split off most the article body into a separate article, e.g. named Pattern matching (programming languages) or Pattern matching (conditional)? – Tea2min (talk) 13:46, 30 November 2020 (UTC)
 * On one hand, this is currently the main article of Category:Pattern matching (think approximate string matching, diff, escape characters, metacharacter, wildcard characters etc., with Category:Regular expressions and Category:String matching algorithms as sub-categories).
 * On the other hand, the article is in the categories Category:Conditional constructs and Category:Functional programming, and most of the article body talks about pattern matching as it is used in a variety of programming languages as a language construct for conditional execution. That's mostly in programming languages with built-in support for algebraic data types, especially sum types, and (for historical reasons?) that's mostly functional programming languages, though Rust for example has , and there are proposals to add pattern matching for   that was introduced with C++17.
 * This article already has a disambiguation hatnote that explains that this article is about pattern matching in functional programming languages. Pattern matching in strings is also known as "string matching." Jarble (talk) 01:05, 28 May 2021 (UTC)
 * Well, yes. I guess what I am trying to say is that "pattern matching in functional programming languages" may not the primary topic for the term "pattern matching", and furthermore, there is a whole section in the article talking about Pattern matching and strings ("By far the most common form of pattern matching involves strings of characters. ..."), so the article is not exclusively about pattern matching in functional programming languages. (Perhaps it's just that I find it confusing that big parts of the article talk about Mathematica.) – Tea2min (talk) 06:11, 28 May 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pattern matching


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Kapampangan people

The Kapampangan people (Taung Kapampangan), Pampangueños or Pampangos, are the sixth largest ethnolinguistic group in the Philippines, numbering about 2,784,526 in 2010. They live mainly in the provinces of Pampanga, Bataan and Tarlac, as well as Bulacan, Nueva Ecija and Zambales.

Distribution
The province of Pampanga is the traditional homeland of the Kapampangans. Once occupying a vast stretch of land that extended from Tondo to the rest of Central Luzon, huge chunks of territories were carved out of Pampanga so as to create the provinces of Bulacan, Bataan, Nueva Ecija, Aurora and Tarlac. As a result, Kapampangans now populate a region that extends beyond the political boundaries of the small province of Pampanga. In the province of Tarlac, the indigenous population of Tarlac City and the municipalities of Bamban, Capas and Concepcion are Kapampangans, while the municipalities of Victoria, La Paz, have a significant Kapampangan population. In Bataan, Kapampangans populate the municipalities of Dinalupihan and Hermosa, and the barangays of Mabatang in Abucay and Calaguiman in Samal. Kapampangans can be found scattered all across the southern barrios of Cabiao in the province of Nueva Ecija and in the western section of the province of Bulacan. Kapampangan enclaves still exist in Tondo and other parts of the National Capital Region. Kapampangans have also migrated to Mindoro, Palawan and Mindanao and have formed strong Kapampangan organizations called aguman in Cagayan de Oro, Davao City and General Santos. Agumans based in the United States and Canada are active in the revival of the Kapampangan language and culture. California-based organizations promoted Kapampangan language and culture and raised funds for charitable and cultural projects in California and in Pampanga.

Languages
Kapampangans speak Kapampangan language, which belongs to Central Luzon languages of Malayo-Polynesian languages. They even speak other languages within the environment of other ethnic groups in areas they settled and grew up in, like Sambal, Pangasinan, Ilocano, and Tagalog (all in Central Luzon). Kapampangan settlers in Mindanao can also speak Cebuano, Hiligaynon as well as Tagalog and various indigenous Mindanaoan languages in addition to their native language but their descendants (especially newer generations born in Mindanao) only speak Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Tagalog and various indigenous Mindanaoan languages with varying fluency in Kapampangan or none at all.

History
The oldest artifact ever found in the Province of Pampanga is a 5000-year-old stone adze found in Candaba. It is said to be a tool used in building boats. Earthenware and tradeware dating back to 1500 BC have also been found in Candaba and Porac. Farming and fishing were the main industries of the Kapampangan people.

Kapampangans, along with Sambal people and the Sinauna (lit. "those from the beginning"), originated in southern Luzon, where they made contact with the migrating Tagalog settlers, of which contact between the Kapampangans and Tagalogs was most intensive. After this, the original settlers moved northward: Kapampangans moved to modern Tondo, Navotas, Bulacan, Nueva Ecija, Aurora, and east Bataan and Sambals to the modern province of Zambales, in turn, displacing the Aetas. Tagalogs from southern Luzon, most specifically Cavite, migrated to parts of Bataan. Aetas were displaced to the mountain areas by the end of the 16th century. Kapampangans settled Aurora alongside Aetas and Bugkalots.

The growth of the Malacca as the largest Southeast Asian entrepôt in the Maritime Silk Road led to a gradual spread of its cultural influence eastward throughout insular Southeast Asia. Malay became the regional lingua franca of trade and many polities enculturated Islamic Malay customs and governance to varying degrees, including Kapampangans, Tagalogs and other coastal Philippine peoples. According to Bruneian folklore, at around 1500 Sultan Bolkiah launched a successful northward expedition to break Tondo’s monopoly as a regional entrepot of the Chinese trade and established Maynila (Selurong?) across the Pasig delta, ruled by his heirs as a satellite. Subsequently, Bruneian influence spread elsewhere around Manila Bay, present-day Batangas, and coastal Mindoro through closer trade and political relations, with a growing overseas Kapampangan-Tagalog population based in Brunei and beyond in Malacca in various professions as traders, sailors, shipbuilders, mercenaries, governors, and slaves.

Kapampangans have played a dynamic yet conflicting role in Philippine history. It was the Kapampangans of Macabebe who were formerly Muslim were the first to defend the Luzon Empire from Spanish domination in 1571. Yet it was the Kapampangans that the Spaniards relied on to defend their new colony from the Dutch. It was at this time that "one Castillan plus three Kapampangans" were considered as "four Castillans" as long they gallantly served in the colonial armed forces. Such behaviour earned them the stereotype of being quislings in exchange for personal wealth and self-aggrandisement all throughout the archipelago. After their successful battle against the Dutch in 1640, only Kapampangans were allowed to study side by side with the Spaniards in exclusive Spanish academies and universities in Manila, by order of Governor-General Sebastián Hurtado de Corcuera. When the province of Bataan was established on January 11, 1757 out of territories belonging to Pampanga and the corregimiento of Mariveles, Tagalogs migrated to east Bataan, where Kapampangans assimilated to the Tagalogs. Kapampangans were displaced to the towns near Pampanga by that time, along with the Aetas. When British occupation of Manila happened in 1762, many Tagalog refugees from Manila escaped to Bulacan and to neighboring Nueva Ecija, where the original Kapampangan settlers welcomed them; Bulacan & Nueva Ecija were natively Kapampangan when Spaniards arrived; majority of Kapampangans sold their lands to the newly-arrived Tagalog settlers and others intermarried with and assimilated to the Tagalog, which made Bulacan & Nueva Ecija dominantly Tagalog. The same situation happened in modern Aurora, where it was repopulated by settlers from Tagalog and Ilocos regions, with other settlers from Cordillera and Isabela, and married with some Aeta and Bugkalots, this led to the assimilation of Kapampangans to the Tagalog settlers. In 1896, Kapampangans were one of the principal ethnic groups to push and fuel the Philippine revolution against Spain. Yet it was also the Kapampangans of Macabebe that fiercely defended the last Spanish garrison against the revolutionaries.

With the outbreak of World War II, Japanese planes invaded the main province of Pampanga and attacked the United States Air Base at Clark Field in Angeles, Pampanga on December 8, 1941. Later Japanese soldiers entered the province of Pampanga in 1942 and the Japanese Occupation formally began. Many Kapampangans joined a group of stronghold soldiers that survived the invasion and officially trained under the 31st Infantry Division, Philippine Commonwealth Army. USAFFE was stationed in Pampanga on July 26, 1941, before the surrender by the Japanese to April 9, 1942. After the Battle of Bataan in 1942, some Kapampangan soldiers of the USAFFE 31st Infantry Division fought four years of battles against Japanese troops. After the fall of Bataan on April 9, 1942, many Kapampangan soldiers of the USAFFE 31st Division surrendered to the Japanese and then participated in the Bataan Death March from Mariveles, Bataan, to Capas, Tarlac.

Many Kapampangans joined the guerrilla resistance fighters of the Hukbalahap Communist resistance. Many Kapampangan guerrillas and Hukbalahap communist groups fought for more than three years of insurgency during the Japanese Occupation and also fought side by side with allied forces in the main province of Pampanga, helping local troops of the Philippine Commonwealth Army and incoming Philippine Constabulary 3rd Constabulary Regiments stationed at the general headquarters in Pampanga in operations in Central Luzon from 1942 to 1945 against the Imperial Japanese troops.

Festivals
Many Kapampangan festivals display an indigenous flavor unique only to the Kapampangan people. Consider the Curaldal or "street dancing" that accompanies the Feast of Santa Lucia in Sasmuan or the Aguman Sanduk were men cross-dress as women to welcome the New Year in Minalin or the Batalla Festival to re-enact the battle between the native Muslim Moor and the new colonist Native Capampangan Christians, the historical battle between the two religious native Kapampangans. They start the battle in Ugtung-aldo or afternoon and they end it in Sisilim or sunset with the tune of what Macabebeanons and Masantuleñios called BATTALA Masantol, Macabebe and Lubao.

The Pistang Danum of the barrios of Pansinao, Mandasig, Lanang and Pasig in Candaba, where food is served on floating banana rafts on the waters of the Pampanga River was originally a non-Christian holiday that is now made to coincide with the baptism of Christ. The Kapampangan New Year or Bayung Banwa that welcomes the coming of the monsoons and the start of the planting season is made to coincide with the feast of John the Baptist. The colourful Apung Iru fluvial procession of Apalit, once a thanksgiving celebration in honour of the river, has become the feast of Saint Peter.

The most dramatic festivals can be witnessed during the Mal ay Aldo, which is the Kapampangan expression of the Holy Week. These include the erection of a temporary shrine known as the puni where the pasion or the story of Christ's suffering is chanted in archaic Kapampangan. The melody of the Kapampangan pasion was said to have been taken from their traditional epic, whose original words were lost and replaced by the story of Christ. The highlight of the Mal ay Aldo celebration is the procession of the magdarame or sasalibatbat penitents covered in blood from self-flagellation. Some of them even have themselves crucified every Good Friday at the dried up swamp of barrio Cutud in San Fernando.

Cuisine
Kapampangan cuisine, or Lutung Kapampangan, has gained a favourable reputation among other Philippine ethnic groups, which hailed Pampanga as the "Culinary Capital of the Philippines". Some popular Kapampangan dishes that have become mainstays across the country include sisig, kare-kare, tocino or pindang and their native version of the longaniza.

Other Kapampangan dishes, which are an acquired taste for the other ethnic groups include buru (fish fermented in rice), betute tugak (stuffed frogs), arobung kamaru (mole crickets sauteed in vinegar and garlic), estofadong barag (spicy stewed monitor lizard), sisig, kalderetang asu (spicy dog stew), sigang liempu, dagis a tinama (marinated rats), laman panara and bobotu.

Religion
Kapampangans are mostly Christians, a majority of which are Roman Catholics, Aglipay, Methodists, and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). A few belong to non-Christian religions. However, traces of native-Austronesian Anitism, Hinduism, and Buddhism can still be found among their folk practices and traditions, as these were the majority beliefs of the Kapampangan before the imposition of Christianity in the 16th century. A few Kapampangans practice Islam, mostly by former Christians either by study abroad or contact with Moro migrants from the southern Philippines. By the early 16th century, some Kapampangans (especially merchants) were Muslim due to their links with Bruneian Malays. The old Kapampangan-speaking Kingdom of Tondo was ruled as a Muslim kingdom, Islam was prominent enough in coastal areas of Kapampangan region that Spaniards mistakenly called them "Moros" due to abundance of indications of practicing Muslim faith and their close association with Brunei.

Immortals

 * Mangetchay: also called Mangatia; the supreme deity who created life on earth in remembrance of his dead daughter; lives in the sun in other versions, she is the creator and net-weaver of the heavens
 * Daughter of Mechetchay: a daughter of Mangetchay whose beauty sparked the great war between the gods, leading to the formation of the earth through stones thrown by the deities; lived on the planet Venus
 * Wife of Mangetchay: wife of Mangetchay who gave birth to their daughter whose beauty sparked the great war; lives in the moon
 * Suku: also called Sinukwan, a gigantic being who radiated positive traits
 * Makiling: a goddess who married Suku
 * Malagu: goddess of beauty who married a mortal; daughter of Makiling and Suku
 * Mahinhin: goddess of modesty who married a mortal; daughter of Makiling and Suku
 * Matimtiman: goddess of charm who married a mortal; daughter of Makiling and Suku
 * Aring Sinukûan: sun god of war and death, taught the early inhabitants the industry of metallurgy, wood cutting, rice culture and even waging war; lives in Mount Arayat, and later included a female form; rules over Arayat together with the deity, Mingan
 * Mingan: a deity who rules with Sinukuan over Arayat, also called Kalaya and Alaya
 * Apolaqui: sun god who battled his sister, Mayari
 * Mayari: the moon goddess who battled her brother, Apolaqui
 * Apûng Malyari: moon god who lives in Mt. Pinatubo and ruler of the eight rivers
 * Tálâ: the bright star, the one who introduced wet-rice culture
 * Munag Sumalâ: the golden serpent child of Aring Sinukuan; represents dawn
 * Lakandanup: son of Aring Sinukuan; the god of gluttony and represents the sun at noon time
 * Gatpanapun: son of Aring Sinukuan; the noble who only knew pleasure and represents the afternoon
 * Sisilim: child of Apûng Malyari; she represents the dusk and is greeted by the songs of the cicada upon her arrival
 * Galurâ: winged assistant of Aring Sinukuan; a giant eagle and the bringer of storms
 * Nága: serpent deities known for their protective nature; their presence in structures are talismans against fire
 * Lakandanum: variant of the Naga, known to rule the waters
 * Lakandánup: serpent goddess who comes during total eclipses; followed by famine; eats a person's shadow, which will result in withering and death; daughter of Áring Sínukuan and Dápu
 * Apung Iru (Lord of the River) – was depicted as gigantic cosmic crocodile that supported the earth on its back, and was located under the great World River. If angered, Apung Iru caused the rivers to flood; hence, this is the origin of libad or the water procession during the full moon nearest to the summer solstice, which takes place in the yearly celebration called Bayung Danum (New Water) to appease the deity.
 * Dápu: crocodile deity who holds the earth on her back; a nunu or earth goddess, and known as the mother ocean
 * Láwû: a giant creature similar to a mixture of a bird, a serpent, and a crocodile who seeks to swallow Aldó and Búlan; the soul of Dápu who does her bidding as Dápu has been weakened when her belly burst; in another, less common, version, Láwû is the ghost of Dápu; while in another, Láwû is the descendant of Dápu, seeking revenge for the deity's mother
 * Batálâ : kingfisher deity, known as the father sky; known as Salaksak, he was swallowed by Dápu, where he dissolved and his two souls came out, bursting out of Dápu's belly
 * Souls of Batálâ
 * Aldó: the white fiery bird
 * Búlan: the red fiery bird
 * Rizal: a culture-hero who will return through resurrection to aid his people in their struggle
 * Felipe Salvador: a hero who will someday return to the people to help them in their struggle; based on a historical person

Mortals

 * Piriang: a prideful maiden who would rather marry a demon than a poor man
 * Guanchiango: a man who was deceived by a demon, who he released from a jar

Prominent Kapampangans
The Kapampangans have produced many Rajahs, Datus, four Philippine presidents, three chief justices, a senate president, the first Filipino cardinal, one Huk Supremo, many Huk Commanders and NPA cadres and many notable figures in public service, education, religion, diplomacy, journalism, the arts and sciences, entertainment and business.

For a list of prominent or noteworthy Kapampangans, see Category:Kapampangan people.

History, politics and religion

 * Benigno Aquino – Filipino senator whose assassination triggered the events that led to the People Power Revolution. Born and raised in Concepcion, Tarlac
 * Corazon Cojuangco Aquino – a Filipina politician who served as President of the Philippines. She was the first woman to hold that office, and the first female president in Asia. She is regarded by international diplomatic community as the Mother of Asian Democracy.
 * Benigno S. Aquino III – the 15th President of the Republic of the Philippines.
 * Dr. Rey B. Aquino – a former mayor of San Fernando City and the CEO of Philippine Health Insurance.
 * Don Juan Macapagal – Datu of Arayat, the great-grandson of Lakandula. He was given the title Maestre de Campo General of the natives Arayat, Candaba and Apalit for his aid in suppressing the Kapampangan Revolt of 1660 and was the only native in the Philippines to become an encomendero.
 * Diosdado Pangan Macapagal – the 9th President of the Republic of the Philippines and a native of Lubao, Pampanga.
 * Gloria Macapagal Arroyo – the 14th President of the Republic of the Philippines. A daughter of the 9th President of the Republic Diosdado Macapagal, she was the country's first female Vice President during the tenure of Joseph Estrada.
 * Elmer Cato – Filipino journalist and diplomat who is currently the Consul General of the Republic of the Philippines in New York. A career diplomat with the rank of Chief of Mission Class 2, Cato had previously served as Chargé d'Affaires and Head of Mission of the Embassy of the Philippines in Baghdad (2015–2018) and in Tripoli (2019–2021), who joined the Department of Foreign Affairs (Philippines)(DFA) in 1998.  He is from Angeles City.
 * Jomar Sadie – Philippine Diplomat to Iraq, Mensa International member, and Anti-Trafficking advocate.  He is a native of Angeles City.
 * Armando Biliwang – the former municipal mayor of San Fernando and was well known for his stand against Communism during his term as municipal councilor and mayor.
 * Tarik Sulayman, a precolonial Muslim ruler from Macabebe who battled Spanish forces at the Battle of Bangkusay Channel
 * Francisco Tongio Liongson, a politician and doctor, was a native of Pampanga's ancient capital, Villa de Bacolor, who became Pampanga's governor and its first senator.
 * Pedro Tongio Liongson, lawyer and judge, was a native of Pampanga's ancient capital, Villa de Bacolor, who served as member of the Malolos Congress (1898–1899) and as Judge Advocate General of the army of the First Philippine Republic (1899–1900).
 * Bishop La Verne D. Mercado – From Lubao, Pampanga, elected bishop of the United Methodist Church in the Philippines and also served as general secretary of the National Council of Churches in the Philippines.
 * Bishop Emerito P. Nacpil – A Kapampangan from Tarlac. Dr. Nacpil was elected bishop of the United Methodist Church in the Philippines and also served as Professor of Theology at the Union Theological Seminary in Dasmarinas, Cavite.
 * José Abad Santos – a native of the City of San Fernando who became the 5th Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines. He was killed by Japanese forces during the occupation of the Philippines in World War II.
 * Pedro Abad Santos – a doctor, lawyer, Marxist, and politician who later became a leader of the first of two Communist rebellions from the 1930s to the 1950s. He is the older brother of José Abad Santos.
 * Félix Ysagun-Manalo – founder of the Christian religious organization Iglesia ni Cristo.
 * Eliseo Soriano – evangelist and presiding minister of the Philippine-based Members Church of God International. He is known as Brother Eli in his radio and television programs Ang Dating Daan (The Old Path).
 * Satur Ocampo – cofounder of the National Democratic Front, he is a politician, journalist, and writer. Also a representative for the Bayan Muna party in the Lower House of Philippine Congress.
 * Luis Taruc – a political figure and Communist revolutionary. He was the leader of the Hukbalahap rebel group between 1942 and 1954.
 * Rufino Jiao Santos – the former Archbishop of Manila from 1953 to 1973 and was the first Filipino to be named Cardinal.
 * Tito Morales Mendiola – a former mayor of Floridablanca and the senior vice president of Philippine Health (PHILHEALTH) Insurance for operations and area vice president for Mindanao.
 * Eddie Panlilio – the first Catholic priest in the Philippines to be elected as a provincial governor. He campaigns for good governance and opposes patronage politics and corruption.
 * Yeng Guiao – a former vice-governor of Pampanga and a professional basketball head coach for the NLEX Road Warriors in the Philippine Basketball Association. Guiao won four PBA titles since starting his head coaching job for Swift in the early 1990s. He is a former Philippine Basketball League commissioner from 1997 to 2000.
 * Gil J. Puyat – was the Senate President of the Philippines from 1967 to 1972.
 * Rogelio dela Rosa – was one of the most popular Filipino matinee idols of the 20th century and was elected to the Senate in 1957. He was also the first film actor able to parlay his fame into a political career, paving the way for other Filipino entertainers-turned-politicians. He had an equally famous brother, Jaime dela Rosa, also a matinee idol in the 1950s.
 * Francis "Kiko" Pangilinan – senator and husband of celebrity Sharon Cuneta
 * Randy David – a political analyst, newspaper columnist, and professor at the University of the Philippines in Diliman.
 * Honesto Ongtioco – 2nd Bishop of Balanga (June 18, 1998 – August 28, 2003), 1st Bishop of Cubao (August 28, 2003–present), and sede vacante Apostolic Administrator of Malolos (May 11, 2018 – August 21, 2019).
 * Apollo Quiboloy – televangelist; born in Davao City to Kapampangan parents from Lubao.

Arts and culture

 * Padre Anselmo Jorge Fajardo – Father of Kapampangan Literature. Author of the first and longest metrical romance in any Philippine language, Gonzalo de Córdoba. He was a native delegate to the Spanish Cortez.
 * Juan Crisostomo Soto – Kapampangan writer, revolutionary leader and veteran of the Philippine–American War. Father of Kapampangan poetic debate, Crissotan, and author of "Alang Dios" (There is no God), Perlas quing Burac, Anac ning Katipunan, Lydia and many others Zarzuelas and Playwrights.
 * Francisco Alonso Liongson – Outstanding Philippine playwright in Spanish and founding president of Círculo Escenico, Pampanga's Spanish theatrical group that became nationally renowned.
 * Aurelio Tolentino – one of the mystics of the Katipunan, a compadre of Andrés Bonifacio, a nationalist writer in both Kapampangan and Tagalog. He coined the word dulâ for drama and ironically became known in Philippine history as the Father of Tagalog Drama for his anti-US colonial masterpiece Kahapon, Ngayon at Bukas. A theatre at the Cultural Center of the Philippines is named Tanghalang Aurelio Tolentino in his honor.
 * Jose Gallardo – Kapampangan Poet Laureate and one of the most prolific Kapampangan writers of the late 20th century.
 * Amado Yuzon – Kapampangan Poet Laureate, a Philippine academic, journalist, and writer.
 * Alejandro T. Quiboloy – Kapampangan educator, public servant, writer and Protestant minister. Born in Lubao, Pampanga on May 3, 1909.
 * Vicente Manansala – a National Artist of the Philippines in Visual Arts, was a direct influence on his fellow Filipino neo-realists.
 * Isidoro C. Soto [Anac ning Baculud] Born on April 4, 1918, in Suban Bacolor, Pampanga. One of the greatest artist-decorator-designers of Pampanga. One of his living artworks is the ceiling painting of Betis church, painted with Dr. Juco as his mentor. He was also the designer of the logo of Philippine Rabbit Bus Liner. He used to decorate for Circulo Fernandino, Batu-Balani, Old legs, Circilo Masantoleno, to name a few. He is a descendant of Juan Crisostomo Soto, the famous Pampango poet. Isidoro died at the age of 70 on June 9, 1988.
 * Ambeth Ocampo – is a Filipino historian, academic, journalist and author best known for his column in the Philippine Daily Inquirer, "Looking Back."
 * Gene Gonzales – nationally renowned chef, restaurateur, educator management consultant and author. He is the author of Cocina Sulipeña: Culinary from Old Pampanga.
 * Zoilo Hilario – a member of the Institute of National Language who dedicated his life to imposing the ABAKADA on Kapampangan writing through the Akademyang Kapampangan, the organization he created.
 * Mon David – is a jazz singer from Sto. Tomas, Pampanga. He won the grand prize in the prestigious 2006 London International Jazz Competition (LIJC).
 * Eduardo Mutuc – is a 2005 NCCA GAMABA National Living Treasure Awardee for upholding the traditional Kapampangan art of pinukpuk or silver inlaying and embossing on retablos, carosas and altar pieces.
 * Brillante Mendoza – is a Filipino film director who won the award for Best Director for his film Kinatay at the recently concluded 62nd Cannes Film Festival in France.

Popular culture, sports and entertainment

 * Dolphy – born as Rodolfo Quizon and known as the King of Philippine Comedy was born in Pampanga in 1928 to Kapampangan parents and was raised in Tondo, Manila.
 * Vilma Santos – queen of Philippine movies born in Bamban, Tarlac, and Governor of Batangas.
 * Melanie Marquez – (b. 16 July 1964), is a Filipina personality development coach, actress, film producer, author, and celebrity endorser. She was a former beauty queen and model who won the 1979 Miss International beauty pageant in Tokyo, Japan, representing the Philippines, born and raised in Mabalacat.
 * Ricardo "Dong" Puno Jr – is a Filipino television public affairs host, media executive, newspaper columnist, and lawyer.
 * Efren "Bata" Reyes – is referred to as "The Magician" and a popular Filipino billiards player who hails from Angeles City.  He is considered to be one of history's greatest practitioners of billiards.
 * Francisco Bustamante – next to Bata, shoots the most powerful breaks in World Billiards. With Bata they are one of the greatest billiard tandems in the world.
 * apl.de.ap (Allan Pineda Lindo) – is a member of the Grammy Award-winning group, The Black Eyed Peas, and was born in Sapang Bato, Angeles City. He is famous throughout the Filipino community after the release of his life story of his homeland Philippines in a song called "The Apl Song."
 * Allen Dizon – International actor. Born in Sta. Ana, Pampanga
 * Lito Lapid – a famous star turned politician. He became governor of Pampanga and later became a member of the Philippine senate.
 * Joey Marquez – Philippine basketball star turned actor-comedian turned politician. Brother of popular beauty queen Melanie Marquez
 * Ato Agustin – former professional basketball player in PBA, and became an MVP in 1992.
 * Arwind Santos – San Miguel Beerman superstar from Lubao, Pampanga. 2 time Finals MVP of the PBA, 8 time PBA all star ft
 * Japeth Aguilar – Gilas Pilipinas Center/Forward born and raised in Sasmuan, Pampanga
 * Coco Martin – is an actor, martial artist, film director and producer known for starring in the acclaimed television series Ang Probinsyano.
 * Calvin Abueva – Alaska Aces Small Forward born and raised in Angeles City, Pampanga. Nicknamed "The Beast"\
 * Jayson Castro – Talk n Text and Gilas Pilipinas superstar guard born and raised in Guagua, Pampanga
 * Gary David – Meralco Bolts sharpshooter born and raised in Dinalupihan, Bataan
 * JC Intal – Barako Bull and Gilas Pilipinas born in Minalin, Pampanga. He is married to television host and model Bianca Gonzalez
 * Yeng Guiao – is a Filipino professional basketball head coach for the NLEX Road Warriors in the Philippine Basketball Association. Guiao won four PBA titles since starting his head coaching job for Swift in the early 1990s. He is a former Philippine Basketball League commissioner from 1997 to 2000. He is also a former Vice Governor and Congressman of 1st district of the province of Pampanga.
 * Rey Langit – is a TV Personality, columnist of Tempo, Balita, People's Tonight, DWIZ-AM Station Manager, and host of Kasangga Mo ang Langit and Biyaheng Langit, both of which are aired over Radio Philippines Network and DWIZ.
 * Rogelio dela Rosa – was one of the most popular Filipino matinee idols of the 20th century and was elected to the Senate in 1957.  He was also the first film actor who was able to parlay his fame into a political career, paving the way for other Filipino entertainers-turned-politicians.  He had an equally famous brother, Jaime dela Rosa, also a matinee idol in the 1950s.
 * Rudy Fernandez – the son of the late film director Gregorio Fernandez.[1][3] Both his parents were from Lubao, Pampanga, which he considered his hometown.[4]
 * Lorna Tolentino – is an actress, host, executive producer and wife of fellow Kapampangan actor Rudy Fernandez. She was born in Concepcion, Tarlac and was raised in Manila.
 * Jean García – is a television and film actress who hails from Angeles City. Her most famous role was in the telenovela Pangako sa 'Yo where she played antagonist Madam Claudia.
 * Carlos Badion – Philippine Basketball Team members, first Asian MVP in the now so called FIBA Asia. His moniker is "The Bad Boy". Known for his bicycle drive and jackknife layup.
 * Ed Ocampo – an Olympian with the Big J. One of the great basketball players & coaches in the Philippines. Shin Dong Pa the Korean legend says Ocampo and Jaworski are his great opponents in basketball in the Asian Region.
 * Mark Lapid – is an actor, film producer, and former governor of Pampanga (2004–2007). He is the husband of an actress Tanya Garcia.
 * Helen Gamboa – Helen Gamboa-Sotto (born May 7, 1948) in Pampanga, Philippines, is a veteran Filipina actress, singer, and former beauty queen.[1]
 * Gaudencio "Dencio" Cabanela – Kapampangan boxing hero from San fernando, Pampanga. Beating a French and an Australian holder of three Oriental Titles, first Pinoy boxing hero. Died 1921, next boxing hero was Pancho Villa took the international fame.
 * Rufa Mae Quinto – popular comedian from Bubble Gang.
 * Angel Aquino – fashion model and FAMAS and Gawad Urian Award-nominated Filipino film and television actress, born in Dumaguete City to Kapampangan parents from Tarlac
 * Liza Lorena – born Elizabeth Ann Jolene Luciano Winsett s a Filipino former beauty queen and multi-awarded actress in the Philippines. She was a First Runner-Up in the Bb. Pilipinas pageant in 1966.
 * Fernando Poe Jr. – born Ronald Allan Kelley Poe and colloquially known as FPJ and Da King, was a Filipino actor and later politician, having run an unsuccessful bid for President of the Philippines in the 2004 presidential elections against the incumbent Gloria Macapagal Arroyo. His mother, Elizabeth Gatbonton Kelly is a Kapampangan from Candaba.
 * Sharon Cuneta – dubbed as the "Megastar of Philippine Showbiz," is a popular Filipina actress, TV host, singer, endorser, grand slam awardee,  box-office queen, hall of famer and a recipient of several lifetime achievement awards at a relatively young age. Her mother Elaine Gamboa-Cuneta (sister of Helen Gamboa )  is from Santa Ana, Pampanga.
 * KC Concepcion –  daughter of Philippine singer-actress Sharon Cuneta, and adopted daughter of senator Francis Pangilinan. Her biological father was 80's heartthrob Gabby Concepcion.
 * Lea Salonga – is a Tony Award-winning singer and actress who is best known for her portrayal of Kim in the musical Miss Saigon.  She spent the first six years of her childhood in Angeles City before moving to Manila.
 * Judy Ann Santos – is a film and television actress. Her mom hails from San Fernando City, Pampanga.
 * Paquito Diaz – is a veteran actor and director, whose mother is a Kapampangan.
 * Leah Dizon – is a model, singer, and a TV personality and media icon in Japan and upcoming in the Philippines with the upcoming ABS-CBN artist and personality, born in Las Vegas, Nevada.
 * Vanessa Minnillo – is an American television personality born in Clark Air Base, Angeles City and raised in the US. She was Miss Teen USA 1998 and is currently a host on MTV's Total Request Live.
 * Isabel Preysler – is a Filipino journalist, socialite, and television host, the Kapampangan ancestry of the Arrastia family is from Bataan. Besides the Iglesias children her socialite daughters Tamara Falco and Ana Boyer born from different relationships would also be of Kapampangan descent.
 * Enrique Iglesias – is a Spanish singer-songwriter and occasional actor, son of Filipina Isabel Preysler
 * Chábeli Iglesias – is a Spanish socialite, the daughter of Filipina socialite Isabel Preysler and the elder sister of Julio Iglesias Jr. and Enrique Iglesias.
 * Julio Iglesias Jr. – is a Spanish singer, son of Filipina Isabel Preysler.
 * Hilda Koronel – is an actress who starred in around 45 films, many of which are critically acclaimed. Born Susan Reid, her father was an American serviceman.
 * Lalaine Vergara – is an American actress, singer and spokesperson.
 * Rufa Mae Quinto – is a popular actress and TV host, known for her comedy role in the film, Booba.
 * Abbygale Williamson Arenas – is a former international model and beauty queen. She is now a freelance make-up artist.
 * Francisco "Django" Bustamante – is a world-class billiards player from Tarlac.
 * Mikee Cojuangco Jaworski – is a former Olympian (equestrian) and celebrity from Tarlac.
 * Rosa Rosal – is a Philippine Red Cross advocate who hails from Sta. Rita, Pampanga.
 * Elwood Perez – is a movie director from Mabalacat, Pampanga.
 * Chris Tiu – is a TV host of Pinoy Records and an MVP of Ateneo Blue Eagles Basketball Team.
 * Sarah Geronimo – is a popular singer, actress, movie star. She traces her roots in Concepcion, Tarlac while her father hails from Floridablanca, Pampanga.
 * Ryzza Mae Dizon – (born June 12, 2005)is a Filipina child actress, comedian and television personality. She rose to prominence in 2012 when she won that year's edition of Eat Bulaga!'s Little Miss Philippines.Currently, she is the youngest host in the present roster of presenters in the variety show Eat Bulaga!, and hosts her own morning talk show The Ryzza Mae Show.
 * Rosa del Rosario – a famous actress. Her real name was Rose del Rosario Stagner. Her mother was from Pampanga. She is the first female action hero who portrayed Darna in 1951 under Royal Films.
 * Thia Megia – a participant of American Idol Season 10. She is from Angeles City
 * John Prats – mom hails from Angeles City
 * Maricel Laxa – her father Tony Ferrer was a popular actor from the 60's and 70's
 * Jimmy Manansala – basketball player. Won Rookie of the Year and four PBA championships.
 * Julian Manansala – film studio founder and director. Called the "Father of Philippine Nationalist Films."
 * Luis Manzano – mom Vilma Santos was born and raised in Bamban, Tarlac
 * Bamboo Manalac – parents hail from Floridablanca, Pampanga
 * Aljur Abrenica – GMA turned ABS-CBN star from Angeles City
 * Kris Aquino – Kristina Bernadette Cojuangco Aquino (born February 14, 1971), professionally known as Kris Aquino, is a Filipina television personality and actress who gained prominence and numerous endorsements from her talk shows, game shows, horror movies, massacre movies. She is the youngest daughter of former Philippine senator Benigno S. Aquino Jr., and Corazon Cojuangco-Aquino, who served as the 11th President of the Philippines, and sister of Benigno S. Aquino, III, the 15th President of the Philippines.
 * Dimples Romana – (born November 13, 1984, Dianne Marie Romana) is a Filipina actress and commercial model.
 * Ellie Tiglao Chef based in Boston, Massachusetts. Her mother is from Angeles City and her father from Macabebe.
 * Dr. Tracy Timberlake YouTube Vlogger and Internet Personality. Born in Clark Air Base, her mother is Kapampangan from Bamban, Tarlac.
 * Michael Alim – Born in San Fernando. Resided in Angeles City during his childhood and presently resides at Dau, Mabalacat City. First Kapampangan chef who works at the oldest restaurant in the world by the Guinness Book of World Records.
 * Michael Alim – Born in San Fernando. Resided in Angeles City during his childhood and presently resides at Dau, Mabalacat City. First Kapampangan chef who works at the oldest restaurant in the world by the Guinness Book of World Records.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Kapampangan people


text:
User:Made2Fade

This article has performed an illegal operation and will be shut down.

title: User:Made2Fade


text: Template:UsersSpeak

title: Template:UsersSpeak


text: User talk:203.51.88.184

title: User talk:203.51.88.184


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Nighthawk (disambiguation)

A nighthawk is a nocturnal bird.

Nighthawk(s) or Night Hawk(s) may also refer to:
 * Nighthawks (painting), by Edward Hopper, 1942

Books and comics

 * Nighthawk (novel), a 2017 novel by Clive Cussler
 * Night Hawk (comics), a British superhero fictional character
 * Night Hawk, fictional character appearing in Harvey Comics
 * Nighthawk (DC Comics), a fictional cowboy
 * Nighthawk (Marvel Comics), several characters

Film and TV

 * The Night Hawk (1921 film), British silent drama film
 * The Night Hawk (1924 film), American Western film
 * The Night Hawk (1938 film), American crime film
 * Nighthawks (1978 film), British gay-themed film by Ron Peck
 * Nighthawks (1981 film), American crime thriller
 * Nighthawks (2019 film), American drama thriller by Grant S. Johnson
 * Nighthawks (TV series), Irish comedy

Music

 * Coon-Sanders Original Nighthawk Orchestra, jazz band founded by Carleton Coon and Joe Sanders
 * Gibson Nighthawk, an electric guitar
 * Night Hawk (album), a 1961 album by Coleman Hawkins
 * Nighthawk Records, a music label
 * Nighthawks Orchestra, jazz group led by Vince Giordano
 * Nighthawks, American rap duo formed by Camu Tao and Cage
 * Nighthawks (Nighthawks album), a 2002 album by the duo
 * Nighthawks (Erik Friedlander album), 2014
 * Robert Nighthawk, Blues musician (1909–1967)
 * The Nighthawks, an American blues and roots music band
 * "Nighthawks", a song by Two Hours Traffic from the album Little Jabs
 * Vince Giordano and his Nighthawks, American jazz and swing band
 * Nighthawks at the Diner, the third studio album by Tom Waits

Sports

 * Night Hawk (lacrosse), Canadian lacrosse player at the 1904 Summer Olympics
 * New Haven Nighthawks, a former ice hockey team
 * North Georgia Nighthawks, the athletic program of the University of North Georgia
 * Omaha Nighthawks, a former American football team
 * Rochester Knighthawks, a National Lacrosse League team
 * Thomas University Nighthawks, the athletic teams of Thomas University in Thomasville, Georgia
 * Vancouver Nighthawks (WBL), a former World Basketball team
 * Night Hawk, a bobsled driven by Steven Holcomb
 * Night Hawk (horse), a Thoroughbred horse
 * Guelph Nighthawks, a basketball team in the Canadian Elite Basketball League
 * Nighthawk (cricket), a variant of the Nightwatchman in cricket
 * Stuart Broad, England cricketer

Aircraft

 * Supermarine Nighthawk, a 1917 prototype quadraplane fighter
 * Nighthawk, a sailplane variant of the Bowlus SP-1 Paperwing glider, designed in 1928
 * Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk, 1980s stealth military aircraft

Squadrons

 * The Nighthawks, nickname of the HMX-1 U.S. Marine Corps helicopter Squadron
 * 409 Tactical Fighter Squadron of the Canadian Air Force originally set up as the British RAF's No. 409 Nighthawk Squadron

Other

 * Honda Nighthawk, a motorcycle line
 * Nighthawk Custom, a firearm company based in Berryville, Arkansas
 * Nighthawk (roller coaster), at Carowinds amusement park
 * Nighthawk, Washington, an unincorporated community in the U.S. state
 * Nighthawk, the common name of Apocordulia macrops, a species of Australian dragonfly
 * Nighthawk, A series of Networking Products Manufactured By Netgear

title: Nighthawk (disambiguation)


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DethKarz

DethKarz is a futuristic 3D racing game by game publisher Melbourne House. It was released for Microsoft Windows on 10 November 1998. A Nintendo 64 port was planned but never released. It was released digitally on 20 December 2019 by Piko Interactive on GOG.com.

Development
The game was showcased at E3 1997.

Reception
The game received favourable reviews according to the review aggregation website GameRankings. GameSpot said, "Dethkarz follows the futuristic racing formula exactly, without bringing any real personality of its own." IGN said, "Dethkarz is just like all the other arcade racers that have been released recently. It's a decent racing game, but it's not as good as Need for Speed 3, Test Drive 5, or Ultimate Race Pro." Next Generation said, "as breathtaking as the game may be, and as well as it performs as a traditional racing game, there is absolutely nothing here that hasn't been done before. Of course, we don't expect every game to be a genre-shattering experience, but it never hurts to have an innovative touch or two thrown in for good measure."

title: DethKarz


text: User:Lauchlin/Pics

title: User:Lauchlin/Pics


text:
Glenside, South Australia

Glenside is a suburb in the local government area known as the City of Burnside, Adelaide, South Australia. The suburb is 4.9 kilometres south-east of the Adelaide city centre, home to 2,422 people in a total land area of 1.40 km2.

It is bordered on the north by Greenhill Road, on the east by Portrush Road, on the south by Flemington Street and Windsor Road and the west by Fullarton Road. The suburb has a rectangular layout. A number of residential streets in the suburb contain avenues of jacaranda trees, which provide a lush purple colour when they flower in Spring.

History
Glenside, along with its neighbouring suburb of Glenunga were originally known by the name of 'Knoxville'. They were first settled in the 1840s as farming land, and wheat grown in the area was awarded first prize in the Royal Adelaide Show. The area now taken up by Glenunga International High School and Webb Oval, was previously home to slaughterhouses established in the nineteenth century. At one point, the slaughterhouses were exporting overseas and at the same time providing half of Adelaide's lamb requirements.

In 1846 the Public Colonial Lunatic Asylum of South Australia was founded at the site of the present-day Glenside hospital. The site has been used almost-continuously since then as a public mental health facility, although its present form occupies a much smaller area than in the twentieth century. In September 2007, following a review of mental health services in South Australia by Social Inclusion Commissioner Monsignor David Cappo, a major redevelopment of the Glenside hospital site was announced. The redevelopment included a new 129 bed specialist psychiatric hospital that was opened on 2012. The Victorian-era hospital buildings were also refurbished as part of the construction of the new South Australian Film Corporation studios, which were opened in October 2011. Much of the remaining unused original hospital site was sold into private hands in 2014.

A number of coach companies, notably Cobb & Co and those of William Rounsevell, and John Hill were set up in the 1870s and 1880s. Up to 1000 horses grazed the land. At this point, most of the streets were beginning to be named. Most were named by the inhabitants at the time, usually in reference to their original homes in Ireland, England, Scotland, Wales and the United States. However, one street was named after an Aboriginal Word - "Allinga", meaning sun.

In the early twentieth century, a number of businesses started locating themselves in Glenside. The Australian icon, the Hills Hoist clothes line, was invented by the Hill family in neighbouring Glenunga. Other notable businesses were the Symons & Symons glass merchants and one involved in "Bland Radios".

Demography
At the 2016 Australian Census, the suburb was home to a population of 2,401, with 43.9% male and 56.1% female. The median age of the residents was 45 years old, five years older than the state median age. Ten percent of the population of Glenside were of Chinese heritage.

The suburb contains three retirement communities: Victoria Grove and Pineview Village on Greenhill Road and Glenbrook on L'Estrange Street.

Geography and built environs
The suburb is home to Glenside Health Services, a primary mental health facility in the state, on the site of the old Glenside Hospital. Originally established in March 1870 as Parkside Lunatic Asylum, it once occupied approximately one-third of the area of the suburb. Areas were gradually sold for other purposes, with 12 hospital structures being heritage-listed and refurbished for other uses. The South Australian Film Corporation has since taken over a redeveloped portion of the former hospital property as its headquarters following a move from the former studio at Hendon in the north-western suburbs of Adelaide. The new studio includes office accommodation and facilities for film production.

The Burnside Village shopping centre is located in Glenside, on the corner of Greenhill and Portrush Roads, serving much of the City of Burnside council area in addition to Glenside.

Glenside also contains South Australia's only orthodox Jewish synagogue. Many of Adelaide's Jewish community live nearby in the eastern suburbs in order to walk to the synagogue on Sabbath or other holy days. Although most of the rest of Glenside is residential, there are offices related to mining, veterinary health, primary industries and health services along Flemington and Conyngham Streets and a variety of food and service businesses along Greenhill Road.

There are several parks in Glenside as well as the Conyngham Street Dog Park for dog exercise. Symons & Symons reserve, named for a well-known glassmaker who lived and worked in the area in the mid 1900s, is located on the corner of Conyngham and Cator Street. Plane Tree Reserve is located on Cedar Crescent and Plane Tree Avenue. Glenside Olive Reserve, a landscape relic of the former olive grove, is accessible from Amber Woods Drive. Glenunga Reserve is also located on Conyngham Street in the adjacent suburb of Glenunga.

title: Glenside, South Australia


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/InVitro

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was KEEP. -Splash 01:16, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

InVitro
This appears to be fiction, but it doesn't say so, and even using Google I can't figure out where it comes from. So  delete . Gdr 10:39:29, 2005-08-18 (UTC)
 * Comment. Numerous google references suggest that that this comes from Space: Above and Beyond. I don't know the show, so I don't know how important or crufty this is. ManoaChild 10:56, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep but Cleanup. Seems to be a major element of Space: Above and Beyond. I've added a little bit to the introduction of the article, to give it a bit of context, but someone who knows the show needs to do more. ManoaChild 11:12, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Cruft. Merge anything not already duplicated on Space: Above and Beyond, redirect to in vitro as a viable typo, and put a dab on that page explaining "InVitro is also the name of tank-bred humans in Space: Above and Beyond". Proto t c 12:07, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. It's good now that it's mentioned to be about a fictional subject. There are many articles about fictional races on wikipedia, so it's legitimacy should not be in question. -- Judson 12:20, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Ok, I retract my "delete" vote. Gdr 15:16:02, 2005-08-18 (UTC)
 * Keep. Obviously. Trollderella 18:18, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. And I strongly disagree with "merge" by classifying this as "crufty", both within the series and in general context. Importance within the series is evident by considering the article Chigs, and numerous references in Space: Above and Beyond, and also the series itself (e.g. episodes 1.01, 1.04, 1.05, 1.07, 1.13, 1.18). Categories/listing also show clearly that the asserted classification as "crufty" in the general Wikipedia context is inappropriate and poses a double standard: Fictional character, Category:Fictional species, Category:Fictional alien species, Category:Fictional clones, and many others --Ylai 05:08, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Currently a well-fleshed out article, that's no more cruft then many other articles in Wikipedia.--Prosfilaes 07:56, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/InVitro


text: Talk:Svenne

title: Talk:Svenne


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File:TrippingLiveCover.jpg

Summary

Fair use rationale for Tripping the Live Fantastic

 * It is believed that the use of this image on the English-language Wikipedia to illustrate an article on the audio recording in question falls under the "Non-profit educational" clause of the Fair Use doctrine currently upheld by United States law. (17 U.S.C. § 107)
 * The image is irreplaceable; a free analogue is impossible to produce as the original will be covered by copyright for the foreseeable future
 * Owing to the limited web-resolution of the image, only a small portion of a copyrighted work is used
 * For the same reasons, the portion of the copyrighted work used is of inherently lower quality than the original, reducing the risk of competitiveness and therefore the effects of this copy on the market for or value of versions held by the owner of the copyright

title: File:TrippingLiveCover.jpg


text: User:Akaasjager

title: User:Akaasjager


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Jack Pease, 1st Baron Gainford

Joseph Albert Pease, 1st Baron Gainford (17 January 1860 – 15 February 1943), known as Jack Pease, was a British businessman and Liberal politician. He was a member of H. H. Asquith's Liberal cabinet between 1910 and 1916 and also served as Chairman of the BBC between 1922 and 1926.

Background and education
Pease was born in Darlington, County Durham (a member of the Darlington Peases), the second and youngest son of Sir Joseph Pease, 1st Baronet, of Hutton Hall, Guisborough, and Mary, daughter of Alfred Fox. He was the younger brother of Sir Alfred Pease, 2nd Baronet, the nephew of Arthur Pease and the first cousin of Sir Arthur Pease, 1st Baronet, and Herbert Pease, 1st Baron Daryngton. He was educated at Grove House, Tottenham, a Quaker school, and at Trinity College, Cambridge.

Political career
Pease served as Mayor of Darlington from 1889 to 1890. He was elected Member of Parliament for Tyneside in 1892, a seat he held until 1900. He contested and won a by-election for Saffron Walden in May 1901, and represented that constituency until 1910, and Rotherham between 1910 and 1916. He was private secretary (unpaid) to John Morley, the Chief Secretary for Ireland, between 1893 and 1895 and a junior opposition whip between 1897 and 1905.

When the Liberals came to power in 1905 under Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman, Pease was appointed a Junior Lord of the Treasury (government whip). After H. H. Asquith became Prime Minister in 1908 he was promoted to Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasury (Chief Whip) and sworn of the Privy Council. In 1910 he entered Asquith's cabinet as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, a post he held until 1911, and then served under Asquith as President of the Board of Education between 1911 and 1915 and as Postmaster-General in 1916. In 1917 he was raised to the peerage as Baron Gainford, of Headlam in the County of Durham.

He served on the Claims Commission in France in 1915 and between 1917 and 1920 and in Italy between 1918 and 1919 and was also a Deputy Lieutenant of County Durham and a Justice of the Peace for County Durham and the North Riding of Yorkshire.

Business career
Apart from his political career Pease was Deputy Chairman of the Durham Coal Owners Association and vice-chairman of the Durham District Board (under the Coal Mines Act 1930), a director of Pease and Partners Ltd and other colliery companies, Chairman of Durham Coke Owners, director of the County of London Electric Supply Company, Chairman of South London Electric Supply Corporation, of the Tees Fishery Board, and of the Trustees of the Bowes Museum.

In 1922 he was appointed Chairman of the British Broadcasting Company Ltd, a post he held until its dissolution and replacement by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) on 31 December 1926, and was vice-chairman of the Board of Governors of the BBC until 1932. From 1927 to 1928 he was President of Federation of British Industry.

Papers
Lord Gainford's papers are deposited in Nuffield College, Oxford and consist of diaries, scrap books, press cuttings, correspondence, domestic papers, political papers, official papers, claims commission papers and BBC papers. The main part of the Pease diaries cover the years 1908–1915 and a volume dealing with the years 1908–1910 have been published by Cameron Hazlehurst and Christine Woodland as A Liberal Chronicle: Journals and Papers of J A Pease, 1908–1910; The Historians Press, London, 1994.

Family
Lord Gainford married Ethel, daughter of Sir Henry Havelock-Allan, 1st Baronet, in 1886. They had one son, Joseph, and two daughters, Miriam and Faith (who married Michael Wentworth Beaumont and was the mother of Lord Beaumont of Whitley). Lady Gainford died in October 1941. Lord Gainford survived her by two years and died in February 1943, aged 83. He was succeeded in the barony by his son, Joseph. The family seat was Headlam Hall, Co Durham.

title: Jack Pease, 1st Baron Gainford


text:
Talk:Ronan Vibert

Untitled
A couple of points:

1.) According to his entry on the International Movie Database, Ronan Vibert has (so far) only appeared in ONE episode of 'Jeeves and Wooster' - episode 3.1: 'Safety in New York', also known as 'Bertie Sets Sail', first broadcast on 29 March 1992.

He played the role of mother's boy Wilmot.

2.) Although Vibert's portrayal of Robespierre was apparently based very closely on the most accurate eye-witness descriptions of the historical figure, it cannot be pointed out forcefully enough that Baroness Orczy's understanding of the French Revolution and the reasons for it was not exactly wonderful.

And that's putting it mildly!

You need to be aware that as part of the research for his groundbreaking study of the Revolution, the great French historian Michelet interviewed a number of people who had known the real Robespierre, all of whom went to considerable trouble to point out that he definetely was neither 'evil' nor 'insane'.

Several of Robespierre's friends also published their memories of him - and, again, emphasised that he was rather different to the public legend.

For example, he apparently told one of his mates that he often suffered from excruciating shyness and self-consciousness. He was well aware that some people considered him to be cold and aloof as a result.

He hated speaking in public so much that he frequently felt he was about to pass out or throw up. He knew that many observers considered him to be a poor or indifferent orator, so he deliberately made the text of his speeches speak for itself.

Ronan Vibert is an extremely intelligent actor, who demonstrates a subtle and penetrating perception of every part he plays.

Vibert's greatest achievement in this particular role is to understand the lonely, isolated, misunderstood individual behind the public persona, and to gradually reveal the true, tragic humanity of Robespierre.

Fiona Pymont

Nationality?
So, according to the page, he was born in Cambridgeshire, which is some way away from Wales. Yet he's also referred to as a Welsh actor. The page also links to a site which claims he was born in Cardiff. More than a little clarification is required on this point. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 188.102.49.250 (talk) 01:57, 29 December 2011 (UTC)

The General Register Office files confirm that his birth was registered as having taken place in the Cambridge District.

Atupman (talk) 08:59, 24 February 2012 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Ronan Vibert


text:
Nøgne Ø

Nøgne Ø is a Norwegian brewery founded in January 2002 by Gunnar Wiig and Kjetil Jikiun. The name is Norwegian for "Naked Isle" and was selected from the 19th-century Norwegian poem Terje Vigen by Henrik Ibsen. In most years since 2006, the brewery has been on RateBeer's list of top 100 breweries in the world.

History
The brewery has grown from a 300 hl production in 2003 to an estimated 20000 hl production in 2015. They make more than 30 different styles of ales, and have an export to more than 40 markets. On November 25, 2013 Hansa Borg Bryggerier acquired a majority share in Nøgne Ø. This enabled them to export their beer to more countries.

Kjetil Jikiun left the brewery in July 2015. They moved to a new brewing facilities next to their old brewery in Grimstad in June 2017.

Core range

 * #100 - Hopped Barley Wine - 10% ABV
 * #500 - Imperial India Pale Ale - 10% ABV
 * 4885 - Blanc - 4,5% ABV
 * Southern IPA - NORWIPA - 4,5% ABV
 * Asian Pale Ale - Lemongrass Infused Ale - 4,5 % ABV
 * Blonde - Belgian Blonde Ale - 4,5 % ABV
 * Brown Ale - Traditional British Ale - 4,5 % ABV
 * Global Pale Ale - Hoppy Pale Ale - 4,5 % ABV
 * Imperial Stout - Strong Dark Ale - 9% ABV
 * Imperial Brown Ale - Double Brown Ale - 7,5 % ABV
 * India Pale Ale - American IPA - 7,5 % ABV
 * Porter - Robust Porter - 7% ABV
 * Saison - Belgian Style Saison - 6,5 % ABV
 * Tiger Triple - Belgian Style Triple - 9% ABV
 * Two Captains - Double IPA - 8,5 % ABV
 * Wit - Belgian Spiced Ale - 4,5 % ABV

Seasonal Beers

 * God Jul
 * Julequad
 * Hvit Jul
 * Ekstra God Jul
 * Grønn Jul
 * Rød Jul
 * Gul Jul

Retired Beers

 * Dark Horizon 1st edition (launched 2007) - Retired
 * Dark Horizon 2nd edition (launched 2008) - Retired
 * Dark Horizon 3rd edition (launched 2010) - Retired
 * Dark Horizon 4th edition (launched 2013) - Retired
 * Dark Horizon 5th edition (launched 2017) - Retired
 * Red Horizon 1st edition (launched 2010) - Retired
 * Red Horizon 2nd edition (launched 2013) - Retired
 * Red Horizon 3rd edition (launched 2013) - Retired
 * Sweet Horizon edition (launched 2010) - Retired
 * Special Holiday Ale (2009) - Retired
 * Julesnadder - Retired
 * Julequad 2016 - Retired
 * Julequad 2017 - Retired
 * Winter Ale (God Jul) - Retired
 * Julenatt (2004–2006) - Retired
 * Peculiar Yule (Underlig Jul) - Retired
 * God Påske - Retired
 * Trippel (2003–2004) - Retired
 * Weiss (2003) - Retired
 * Beyond the Pale Ale (2006) - Retired
 * Kos på Groos (2008) - Retired
 * Le Vanilla Framboise Porter - Retired
 * Tangerine Dream (2008) - Retired
 * Tyttebær - Retired
 * Ut På Tur (2008) - Retired
 * Weiss (2003) - Retired

Other information

 * Nøgne Ø also produced sake, as the first sake brewery in Europe. Sake production was stopped in March 2018.
 * Nøgne Ø imports Weihenstephaner to Norway.

title: Nøgne Ø


text: User talk:70.17.47.25

title: User talk:70.17.47.25


text:
Graham Norton's Bigger Picture

Graham Norton's Bigger Picture (previously named The Bigger Picture with Graham Norton) is a British comedy panel chat show broadcast on BBC One from 1 August 2005 until 20 November 2006, in which presenter Graham Norton informally and satirically discusses the week's news with a panel of invited celebrity guests. The show begins with the celebrities being shown in mocked-up photographs of themselves in scenes involving other celebrities, and ends with the guests introducing other mocked up photographs that humorously explain the recent behaviour of other celebrities.

Series 1
The guests for the series were:

Series 2
The guests for the series were:

Series 3
The guests for the series were:

title: Graham Norton's Bigger Picture


text: File:Weather man.jpg

title: File:Weather man.jpg


text:
Portal:Trains/Anniversaries/April 8

 * April 8

 * 1880 – The Miami Valley Narrow Gauge Railway in Ohio is sold under foreclosure; it will soon be reorganized as the Cincinnati Northern Railway.
 * 1921 – Canadian National Railway closes the Henderson Avenue station in Ottawa, a station originally built by Canadian Northern Railway, in favor of Ottawa Union Station (pictured).
 * 1961 – The last Pacific Electric Railway line, connecting downtown Los Angeles to Long Beach, California, is closed.
 * 1968 – The last run of the Golden State passenger train on the Rock Island and Southern Pacific railroads departs Los Angeles.

title: Portal:Trains/Anniversaries/April 8