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Wikipedia talk:Manual of Style/Japan-related articles/UTF-8 conversion

English Wikipedia is now UTF-8
This will necessitate some changes to these guidelines - for example, the stuff about converting characters to numeric entities is probably not needed anymore. The big issue I think is whether to use macrons in article titles now that we can. People are already moving articles, for example Shōnen, so it would be good to get a consensus quickly. Articles with Czech diacritics in the title are being moved en masse too. I'm in favor of this as long as there are macron-less redirects for people trying to type things in. What do you all think? DopefishJustin (･∀･) June 28, 2005 22:13 (UTC)

 * Typically, Wikipedia's English web pages are served using the ISO 8859-1 encoding, which does not support Japanese characters,
 * Shouldn’t this be corrected, instead of arguing over whether to use macrons? —Frungi 04:19, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * That whole section is largely irrelevant now. Kanji and kana are all presented as UTF-8 encoded characters now. I replaced that section with a bit on UTF-8, please have a look if it is correct like that. JeroenHoek 14:21, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I favor the use of ō too. I remember occasional discussion of how to use titles that can be confusing without a macron. (Can't remember specific one, though) Issues would be what we are gonna do with Japanese terms that became English words by today; like is it Shogun or Shōgun. I think if the term is common without a macron, then I suggest we use the common term, as Shōgun, for example, is quite odd-looking. I just can't think of why not use macrons. Anyone? -- Taku June 29, 2005 00:41 (UTC)

 * I agree. The common English (macronless) spelling should be used if it's in common use, otherwise macrons should be used. If anyone suggests circumflexes, bonk them over the head with a copy of The Unicode Standard 4.0.   — Gwalla | Talk 29 June 2005 01:09 (UTC)

 * Certainly, no mācrons for words like "shogun" which are fully naturalized in English. Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu should all be native English with no macrons. Tokyo, Kyoto, Osaka likewise. And I am furthermore opposed to the use of macrons in article titles. The macron is not part of the English language. Rather, it is an indicator of how the word is pronounced in another language (Japanese). As such it belongs in the first line of the article, in the place where we indicate the pronunciation of the Japanese term. However it does not belong in the article title regardless of whether the word is fully assimilated into English or not. The article title should be in English, and that means without macrons. Fg2 June 29, 2005 07:44 (UTC)

 * Well, it appears aritcle titles don't have to be in English. In wikipedia, there are many titles for European people or places that contains non-English alphabets. In addition, as I said above, the macron can clear up some confusion that may be caused by the process of transliteration. for example, a name like Mori Yoshio can be either Mori もり(森) or Mōri もうり(毛利). As you can see, without macrons, the two become indistinguishable. Moreover, I remember a discussion on a name Bungoono, Oita, and the name with macron Bungoōno, Oita is clearly clearer, and such a debate would simply become moot. True, this is an English encyclopedia. But the bottom line is that article titles may be non-English, and for very good reasons, I think. (I guess then I am not surprised if someone suggests to use a Japanese kana or kanji for titles, now that we are not subject to the limitation of latin alphabets. Seeminly, though, that latin is ok but non-latin is bad is a double standard, when the technical issue is lifted.) -- Taku June 29, 2005 10:30 (UTC)

 * Hi Taku, I'm not saying that the Latin alphabet is good and other is bad! What I'm saying is that this is the English Wikipedia, and we should write it in English. We could probably now (or soon) rename the article 東京 with a Korean or Arabic name but that wouldn't be right (at least in my opinion) in the Japanese Wikipedia. My principle is simple: In the English Wikipedia, write in English; in the Japanese WP, write in Japanese. By the way, you know Japanese, and you know romanization, so things like Bungoōno make sense to you, but I believe most Americans (and probably most speakers of English) have no idea what the macron means. As a result, the macron is only useful to people who know (some) Japanese. Compare this to IPA, which Wikipedia uses to indicate pronunciation. It has no meaning to me, and I believe that very few people have any clue what the symbols mean. Wikipedia is supposed to make knowledge available to everyone. Adopting an obscure symbol set is a bad way to accomplish that goal. In my opinion, of course. Fg2 June 29, 2005 10:45 (UTC)

 * I hate to use this description Fg2, but you sound a little too much like the one Wikipedian who keeps railing against "funny foreign squggles" in the English-language wikipedia. Instead of being an encyclopedia that is only for native English-language speakers, en.wikipedia.org has become an international encyclopedia that is written in English. My personal opinion is that the macrons should be used unless it is a Japanese word or name has been naturalized into the English language (e.g. shogun). For example, almost all of the English-language literature on waka that I've read use the macrons for Japanese words and names. My personal opinion is that the macrons should be used on all historical Japanese names and for all historical and technical terminology unless the word has become a loanword in English. We are an encyclopedia and we should strive to use the most accurate spelling. Blank Verse   ∅  29 June 2005 11:58 (UTC)
 * Please give credit were credit is due :-) I do not "rail" my argument is "keep it simple". If some cases need a more fancy solution then use the simplest solution which fits. Along the lines of Occams razor. The best place to see a full(er/est) discussion on diacritic marks is Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (use English) Philip Baird Shearer 10:53, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, it's true that a lot of people wouldn't know what the macron means, but at the same time it wouldn't be hopelessly obscure - they can still see the letter underneath the macron, so they can just ignore the macron, it doesn't do any harm to them. Then, for people who do know a little Japanese, we're conveying additional information. Also, it's not just Japanese, other languages like Latin and Māori use the macron to indicate vowel length, so people familiar with those languages can probably figure out that the macron means the same thing in Japanese. DopefishJustin (･∀･) June 29, 2005 16:30 (UTC)

Let me give some quick comment. This seems to be a larger issue than I (or maybe we) thought. I've been reading the discussion at Talk:Gdansk, whether to rename it to Gdańsk. Judging by that, both mine and yours (Fg2's) are apparently not minor views. Now, I am not so sure about my position. At least, we should never start mass renaming at this point; we have to take time for consideration. (For christ's sake, why naming in wikipedia has to be so complicated!) -- Taku June 29, 2005 11:55 (UTC)
 * I lose most battles anyway! But I'll just agree that we should use the best spelling --- a spelling being a collection of the letters of the alphabet. We should use macrons when we are not indicating spelling but pronunication. We don't name the article ja PAN' (indicating pronunciation) but rather Japan (in letters) so we shouldn't name an article Ōita Prefecture (indicating pronunciation) but rather Oita Prefecture (indicating spelling using letters). Again, my opinion --- at least today! Fg2 June 29, 2005 12:19 (UTC)

 * I say it is more of a "spelling" issue than pronounciation, (bad example follows, Tokyo is the established English spelling) entering "tokyo" (ときょ) in a Japanese IME will likely not result in the same thing as entering "toukyou" (東京). We probably need a page somewhere linked to from some popular Japan-related place explaining macrons. -- Philip Nilsson 29 June 2005 12:40 (UTC)

 * Macrons are not a matter of pronunciation. In rōmaji, macrons indicate spelling. "Tōkyō" isn't written for pronunciation's sake but for spelling's sake (which, of course, leads into correct pronunciation); likewise, "Yōko" is not "Yoko" with a pronunciation aid. — J44xm 16:23, July 13, 2005 (UTC)

I'm for macrons, and against the use of non-Latin scripts in titles. This is not a double standard. The technical barrier has been removed, but the language barrier has not. Most literate English-speakers can recognize a letter with a diacritic (although they might not understand the relevance of the diacritic), but can't tell 濁 from 薫. Also, many written works in English containing romanized Japanese include the macrons in running text. — Gwalla | Talk 29 June 2005 20:39 (UTC)

 * If the consensus seems to be that using macrons is a good thing (with the exception of Tokyo, Osaka, etc.) then why not just write the title of an article with macrons (see Wāpuro rōmaji), provided that there is a redirect page with the article name without macrons (see Wapuro romaji)? That way anyone can find the article by looking for its name either with or without macrons. JeroenHoek 6 July 2005 08:54 (UTC)

 * And if there's not a consensus, what's wrong with keeping them written in letters? Furthermore, the move of wapuro to wāpuro is not supported by the MoS, which only specifies macrons for o and u. It should be at wapuro or waapuro but not at wāpuro. Fg2 July 6, 2005 09:31 (UTC)

 * Are ō or ū not letters? Using your reasoning, would you rather see Champs-Élysées at Champs-Elysees? (which, like Wapuro romaji, redirects to it?)
 * Yes. In English it is "General Napoleon Bonaparte" not "Général Napoléon Bonaparte".Philip Baird Shearer 10:53, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

 * The MoS states that Wikipedia uses Hepburn and that care should be taken for (XXX). It does not exclude the proper use of (revised) Hepburn:
 * In words of foreign origin, all long vowels are indicated by macrons. (Hepburn)
 * Wāpuro rōmaji is the correct way of writing ワープロ・ローマ字.

 * I agree that the user should not be bothered with typing those scary accent circumflexes, accent grave, accent acute, umlauts, cedillas and macrons, but they should be presented with the proper pronounciation of the item concerned, so why not use the proper title and redirects? JeroenHoek 6 July 2005 09:59 (UTC)
 * Thank you for your opinion about wāpuro being "correct" --- but please be aware that it is not Wikipedia policy, it is an opinion. Wikipedia MoS for Japan-related articles clearly limits its scope to o and u and does not mention a. Fg2 July 6, 2005 10:40 (UTC)

 * "Wikipedia uses the Hepburn romanization." (MoS)
 * This seems pretty clear to me. Assuming that Hepburn means "revised Hepburn", as the MoS implicitly states this by mentioning the usage of long vowels using macrons and the syllabic n (ruling out traditional and modified Hepburn) then it is not just my opinion. So, if the Wikipedia MoS is policy, then using revised Hepburn is policy. Thus, Wāpuro rōmaji is correct according to policy is it not? JeroenHoek 6 July 2005 11:08 (UTC)

 * The MoS does not exhaustively describe Hepburn, and "waapuro" is a bit silly IMO (not to mention the wāpuro-style wa-puro), so wāpuro is fine by me. We should explicitly mention this case in the rules though. The same should apply to ē and ī when written with ー (furī, sērā). DopefishJustin (･∀･) July 6, 2005 18:58 (UTC)

Macrons are important, but not mentioning macrons in the article title doesn't mean it can't be mentioned in the article body. On the other hand, if we create redirects with macronless titles, the transition would almost be transparent. However, I see some downsides to going macron:
 * Even if we go macron, macronless titles will still be important, either as redirects or disambigs, because some people can't type macrons or they just don't know which vowels are long vowels. Also macronless spellings are already established and have legitimacy, even if titles with macrons are superior in some respects. This means:
 * It won't reduce the need for disambiguations
 * It will greatly increase the number of redirect pages
 * We would have to put a lot of work in renaming articles and fixing double redirects
 * If we go macron, there would be debate on which articles should go macrons and which shouldn't. I'm pretty sure Tokyo would fall under the ladder. What about place names, people names, work titles, etc. etc. There may also be special individual cases. We will need countless mini macrons-vs-non-macrons debates. The task of figuring out what The Right Title is for an article will become more complex and murky. Doing so is difficult already.

That's a lot of trouble to go through for something that can be put in the article body, and we're already gonna be adding kanji/kana in the article body anyway. So in short, I am opposed to going macron. —Tokek 16:55, 31 July 2005 (UTC)

 * This isn't a unique situation. I agree that people should be able to type "Showa" and get the "Shōwa" disambiguation page, redirects are good for that. A similar situation already exists for other articles that have accents and such in their name; as mentioned above, Champs-Elysees redirects to the article Champs-Élysées, as you would expect. So why not use the proper article titles? It seems to be the convention for a lot of other areas of Wikipedia as well.

 * The discussion about which well-known names should not have macrons (such as Tokyo) will be held regardless of articletitles. I don't think that it makes a good argument against using the full range of characters Unicode offers us.

 * I agree that it is a lot of work, but it can be done gradually. This bit is important I think: "On the other hand, if we create redirects with macronless titles, the transition would almost be transparent.". I think slowly moving pages to their proper articlenames is beneficial to the Wikipedia in the long run, it shouldn't get in the way of the user, but I don't think it does. JeroenHoek 17:26, 31 July 2005 (UTC)

 * What you are suggesting is native spelling. Champs-Élysées is a reasonable title on latin alphabet-based English WIkipedia but 東京 wouldn't, because that would be too complex. On the Japanese website, シャンゼリゼ通り would be an appropriate title (which, btw, doesn't exist yet). —Tokek 20:06, 5 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I meant to illustrate that it is preferable to use a transliteration instead of a title consisting only of [a-z] and [A-Z]. (I should've used a better example since French isn't transliterated, but the argument stands that accents, macrons and such aren't an objection as long as redirects are in place from the same title without the accents, macrons and such) JeroenHoek 20:27, 5 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I don't think it does increase the number of redirects. If the correct Hepburn romanization of a word is e.g. "Shōwa", then entering "Shōwa" ought to get you to the right page just as much as "Showa", regardless of which is actually the article title.  I.e., the alternative to macronless redirects to macroned articles is macroned redirects to macronless articles.Butsuri 01:37, August 3, 2005 (UTC)

 * The proper article names are without macrons, so we should move Rōmaji to Romaji (for example), which is a firmly established English spelling of the Japanese word Rōmaji. The English word is romaji (no macron). The Japanese word is rōmaji (with macron), and if there were a Wikipedia in Japanese with romaji as the writing system, it would be appropriate for the article title there. It is natural and correct for the English to be different from the Japanese. It is also natural and correct for the English to be written with the letters a–z. The macron is not part of English spelling. It is a pronunciation indicator, not spelling. We should no more write romaji as rōmaji than we should write Rome as Rōme. (And, by the way, the name of that city is "Rome," not "Roma," in English, further illustrating that it is completely natural and normal for English to use different letters, spellings and pronunciations than do other languages.)

 * Macrons are an objection. There is a difference between macrons and accents: macrons are not part of the native Japanese way of writing Japanese (nor are they part of any native system of writing English), whereas accents are part of the native way of writing French. So even if some case might be made for using accents for names of articles on French-language subjects, the argument has no bearing on Japanese.

 * Next, the matter of redirects. This is the English Wikipedia, so the readers who do not know Japanese vastly outnumber those who do, and furthermore, those who do know Japanese know various ways to romanize it. No reader who does not know Japanese will ever enter Shōwa into the search box. They won't even know how to enter a vowel with a macron. And, if a reader who does know Japanese enters it, clicks on Go, and does not get to the desired article, he or she will try again, this time entering Showa. So, it is not necessary to create redirects with macrons in the titles to get readers to articles with no macrons in their titles. Fg2 00:35, August 6, 2005 (UTC)

 * Those redirects will be created regardless. I does not make sense for an encyclopedia that has the technical means to do so to not produce the Shōwa disambiguation page when requesting "Shōwa". Hepburn is the de facto standard in academic literature on Japanese subjects, not creating a redirect would be silly and have a negative impact on the credability of Wikipedia (oh look, "Shōwa" doesn't exist? should we type shouwa? or showa? or - heavens forbid - syowa?).

 * If a language is readable by monolingual English speaking visitors, as is the case with French, then there is no need for "dumbing down" the title to use just [a-zA-Z]. People can just ignore the accents, cedillas and circomflexes. With a hard to read language like Japanese, the most logical fallback is an established transliteration. On Wikipedia, Modified Hepburn was choosen. Keep in mind, that for the average monolingual English speaking visitor, there is no significant difference between ó ô õ ō or ö, we should be consistent about that. People who really can't deal with strange foreign looking elements in their encyclopedia do have an alternative.

 * Consistency is also one of the reasons I think that we should discontinue the non-standard practice of "stripping macrons from a word" for use in titles.

 * Since the majority of the readers is unfamiliar with Japanese, this encyclopedia offers them a great place to learn more about this land and its culture. In the articles, Hepburn is used to indicate the pronounciation of the word, and it will only confuse people to see "Sonnō jōi" in the article called "Sonno joi" in the title. You refer to "Romaji" as an example, but that has nothing to do with the discussion. We have already established that words such as daimyo and shogun don't need macrons because they are part of the English language. JeroenHoek 11:05, 6 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Within the Hepburn system of romanisation of Japanese, macrons are not any kind of ancilliary "pronunciation indicator" as they are for example in certain English dictionaries. They are every bit as integral to this system as accents are to French spelling.  This is the system which has been adopted for use in Wikipedia, and it's the most common system in academic writing about Japanese (in English).  It's already standard to use Hepburn, including macrons, for Japanese words within Wikipedia articles.  What is under discussion here is whether an exception to this rule should continue to be made in the case of article titles, now that it is no longer technically necessary.  All the arguments I have seen against macrons in titles either (a) can be circumvented through use of redirects or (b) apply equally to macrons in body text, and have no special bearing on the issue of titles.

 * Whichever decision is made on this matter, it would be perverse to adopt a policy such that Japanese words correctly spelled in the standard romanisation do not reach the appropriate articles. That this would be only a minor inconvenience  for most users is not an argument for such a policy. The proper thing to do is clearly to have entries for both Showa and Shōwa, with one being a redirect to the other - the only question is which is to be which. Butsuri 02:20, August 7, 2005 (UTC)

 * There are several ways to correctly romanize Japanese words, and most of them don't have a redirect to the correct article. What can be considered established transliteration methods include kunreishiki, nihonshiki, hepburn without macron, and hepburn with macron. If we add an exception to the rule of sticking with one romanization scheme by allowing titles with macron in it, we then will be using two romanization schemes for titles instead of the previous one established romanization scheme. This increases unpleasant complexity. Not having macrons in titles does not confuse or take away information from the reader about the Japanese language, or reduce the credibility of Wikipedia. Nobody is arguing against adding macrons in the body of the article. See also: KISS principle —Tokek 03:17, 7 August 2005 (UTC)

 * "Hepburn without macrons" was a method deployed to use hepburn in article titles, within the limits of the technical limitations. Now that those limitations are gone, all over Wikipedia articles and redirects start to appear with titles using the greatly extended characterset. If I type in α as a title, it redirects to Alpha (letter), when I type in ¥ (which I might have copy/pasted from an article I was reading on some website) then naturally, I get the Yen article.

 * Similarly, when someone requests "Fukoku kyōhei" (perhaps copy/pasted from an academic paper in PDF format?), shouldn't he get the correct article? Since the technical limitation to do so is gone, we should reach consensus on which method to choose; that is, should the modified Hepburn title redirect to the non-standard "stripped Hepburn" location of the article, or is it desirable to move a page to its correct location? (provided the old link is a proper redirect)

 * One advantage for editors, is this: When creating interwiki links to articles with macrons, it will no longer be necessary to strip the macron in the link. I agree that we should adhere to the KISS principle, but doesn't that mean that we should use modified Hepburn in both the article body and its title to be consistent and to avoid confusion? JeroenHoek 10:45, 7 August 2005 (UTC)

 * "Hepburn without macrons" was a method deployed to use hepburn in article titles, within the limits of the technical limitations.'' There are more reasons than technical limitations to use Hepburn without macrons, as already mentioned. Do you believe that some Japanese article titles are better without macrons, or are you suggesting that all Japanese titles should have macrons to indicate long vowels? —Tokek 20:11, 7 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I believe the usage of Hepburn in titles should match the usage of Hepburn in the article body (My apologies if my wording was confusing). In short: "Daimyo" (english word) and "Fukoku kyōhei" (transliterated Japanese) for example would be proper titles. Naturally, in this example "Fukoku kyohei" redirects to "Fukoku kyōhei" JeroenHoek 20:26, 7 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I want to underscore the point that JeroenHoek just made: even if the community decides that articles having titles containing Japanese words with macrons will be moved to new titles (to which I've already expressed my opposition), English words will remain without macrons, since this is the English Wikipedia. Thus, Tokyo, Osaka, Kyoto, Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu, Romaji, Daimyo (to give a few examples) will remain the correct titles with no macrons; they are not accommodations to the former limitation on titles but fully nativized English words. (There's no harm in having redirects to them.) The proposal to rename articles applies to terms that have not become English. As before, we should continue to consult reliable references such as the major dictionaries of English-speaking countries. My short list of examples is not exhaustive; cities, geographic entities, general terms etc. not on the list should not automatically be moved but like other words should be subjected to the same test by looking them up in appropriate references. Fg2 20:52, August 7, 2005 (UTC)

 * Of course, but I don't think anyone is disputing that? In short, to me it seems the above discussion is about which of two situations we prefer:

 * Titles remain stripped Hepburn, modified Hepburn titles are redirects.

 * Titles are modified Hepburn, stripped Hepburn titles are redirects.

 * Modified Hepburn is the transliteration system of choice for Wikipedia, nobody (presently participating in the discussion) proposes we change that. JeroenHoek 22:41, 7 August 2005 (UTC)

Renaming titles that use macrons, if done, would be a very small minority of cases, since most articles are macronless already. I agree that geographical article titles don't deserve macrons as there is already universal agreement that articles such as Tokyo shouldn't have them. Article titles for Japanese persons shouldn't use macrons either since formal documents such as US or Japanese passports do not romanize a person's name with macrons. The argument shouldn't be about which romanization is more accurate or superior but which is more appropriate for article titles. For example, "Bill Clinton" is a more appropriate article title, even though his name can also be spelled as "William Jefferson Clinton" which is more formal and exact. —Tokek 10:21, 11 August 2005 (UTC)

The longer this issue goes undecided, the more divided the page space becomes as confused authors produce both macroned and macronles (title and content) pages not knowing which standard to conform to. If anyone is still paying attention I propose we organize the objections for both and try to move on some sort of compromise in the near future. freshgavin TALK   06:10, 28 November 2005 (UTC)

I favor using macrons in the titles and creating redirect pages out of the macronless versions of the titles. --nihon 17:30, 6 December 2005 (UTC)

 * I don't like the macrons very much. I would like them better if someone would explain how to pronounce them. I hate not knowing how to pronounce things. Could someone please transliterate the ka (カ), ki (キ), ku (ク), ke (ケ), and ko (コ) into macron for me? Also, why is リチャード transliterated into Richādo in the list of FFII characters article? I always thought the straight line over the "a" indicated a long "a" like the "a" in "take." Jecowa 22:00, 1 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Macrons are not used on ka, ki, ku, ke, and ko. They are are only used on vowel sounds which are held for twice as long as a normal vowel sound in Japanese. You can see more by reading the Help:Japanese page and the Manual of Style page for Japanese on WIkipedia. ··· 日本穣 ? · Talk to Nihonjo e  23:30, 1 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Thank you for the explanation. I like that macron shortens the double vowels. I also like that it doesn't change the vowels. It was confusing for me because I was taught that a long vowel had a different sound than a short vowel, like the "a" in "fat" and the "a" in "fate," the first being a short vowel and the latter being a long vowel. Is this what I get for going to a public school, i.e. was I taught incorrectly? The use of macrons is kind of confusing for anyone unfortunate enough to think that a long vowel is pronounced differently from a short vowel. If we do end up using macrons, it won't confuse me. Thanks! Jecowa 01:42, 2 June 2006 (UTC)
 * What I said above applies only to Japanese, not to English. Long vowels in English are as you described them, but long vowels in Japanese are not like that. They are said the same, only for twice as long. ··· 日本穣 ? · Talk to Nihonjo e  03:55, 2 June 2006 (UTC)

Consensus?
Has consensus been reached? I see an old mediation request regarding this matter. +sj + 20:41, 28 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Mediation apparently takes forever to get assigned, and then even longer to be looked at. The only person who seems to have concerns regarding the consensus reached is freshgavin. Everyone else seems to agree that a consensus has been reached. So, we're waiting for the mediation to be assigned so we can all move on with the various projects. --日本穣 00:03, 1 March 2006 (UTC)


text:
File:Hewell-grange-1730.jpg

Etching of Hewell Grange, Worcestershire, produced in the early 18th Century. Taken from Nash's "Collections for the History of Worcestershire", published 1798.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: File:Hewell-grange-1730.jpg


text:
Javouhey

Javouhey is a town in northwest French Guiana in the Mana commune of Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni. Most of its people are Hmong refugees from Laos who settled in French Guiana. Javouhey was founded in 1978, as the second Hmong settlement village in French Guiana after Cacao. The village is on a former agricultural colony founded by Anne-Marie Javouhey in 1822. The reasoning was that living, and working conditions were similar to their native land. As of 2005, the village has a population of about 1,000 people.

Overview
There are two primary schools, the new one just completed in 2006, a Catholic church, and the biggest Protestant church in French Guiana. There are three family owned stores, one with a gas station. There is a Sunday market, where foods, souvenirs, and Hmong crafts can be purchase. In comparison to the Hmong villages in French Guiana; Javouhey is more so a traditional Hmong-Laos village, while Cacao - a more Hmong-French village. The contrast is in the area of lifestyle; clothing, home, and practice of tradition.

The best time to visit Javouhey is during the week of Christmas, when the Hmong New Year's festival is held during the hot and dry season. There is a French-owned Bungolow hotels a few minutes outside of Javouhey with minimum accommodation. Javouhey is about 1 sqmi in size. The economy is based on agriculture.

The town has a football club, AS Javouhey Mana, who won the 1989–90 and 1990–91 editions of the Coupe de Guyane.

title: Javouhey


text:
Wikipedia:People by year/Reports/No other categories/1/Bar-Baz

Bar

 * Yehoshua Bar-Hillel (1915-1975), Linguistics_stubs, People_stubs,

Bara-Barf

 * Christine Baranski (born 1952), People_stubs,
 * Amable Guillaume Prosper Brugière, baron de Barante (1782-1866), 1911_Britannica,
 * Charles Jean Marie Barbaroux (1767-1794)
 * John Barbata (born 1945), Musician_stubs,
 * W. N. P. Barbellion (1889-1919)
 * Ray Barber (born 1923)
 * Antoine Alexandre Barbier (1765-1825)
 * Louis Barbier (1593-1670), People_stubs,
 * Richard Barbieri (born 1957), Musician_stubs,
 * Barbora Bobulova (born 1974), Actor_stubs, Slovakia_stubs,
 * Lorenzo Barcelata (born 1898), Year_of_death_missing,
 * Barclay Littlewood (born 1977)
 * John Barclay (1582-1621) (1582-1621)
 * William Barclay (theologian) (1907-1978)
 * Emma Bardac (1862-1934), People_stubs,
 * Giovanni de' Bardi (1534-1612)
 * Agénor Bardoux (1829-1897), 1911_Britannica,
 * Lizzy Bardsley (born 1973)
 * Jitendra Bardwaj (born 1937)
 * Henk Barendregt (born 1947)
 * Giuseppe Marc'Antonio Baretti (1719-1789)
 * Velma Barfield (1932-1984)

Barh-Barl

 * Debbie Barham (1976-2003), Writer_stubs,
 * Richard Harris Barham (1788-1845), 1911_Britannica,
 * William S. Baring-Gould (1913-1967), Writer_stubs,
 * Jenny Barker (born 1974)
 * Landon Barker (born 2003)
 * Nicola Barker (born 1966)
 * Paul Barker (born 1958), American_people_stubs,
 * Alan Barlow (1881-1968), British_people_stubs,
 * Barriemore Barlow (born 1949), Musician_stubs,
 * George Hilario Barlow (1762-1846), People_stubs,
 * George Hilaro Barlow (1762-1847)
 * Lou Barlow (born 1966), Musician_stubs,
 * Peter Barlow (1776-1862)

Barn-Baro

 * Nora Barnacle (1884-1951), People_stubs,
 * Anne Barnard (1750-1825), 1911_Britannica,
 * Frederick Augustus Porter Barnard (1809-1889)
 * George Grey Barnard (1863-1938)
 * Kate Barnard (1875-1930), American_people_stubs,
 * Barney Barnato (1852-1897)
 * Albert Barnes (1798-1870)
 * Joshua Barnes (1654-1712)
 * Rory Barnes (born 1946)
 * Rowland Barnes (1941-2005), Law_stubs,
 * Henrietta Barnett (1851-1936)
 * Joan Barnett (born 1945)
 * John Barnett (1802-1890)
 * Ernst Gottlieb Baron (1696-1760)

Barr-Bars

 * George Barr (artist) (born 1937)
 * Francisco León de la Barra (1863-1939)
 * Raul Barragan (born 1959)
 * Julian Barratt (born 1968), People_stubs,
 * Jean-François de la Barre (1745-1766)
 * Martin Barre (born 1946), Musician_stubs,
 * Lucas Barrett (1837-1862)
 * Wilson Barrett (1846-1904)
 * Daniel Barringer (geologist) (1860-1929)
 * George Barrington (born 1755)
 * John Barron (actor) (1920-2004)
 * Prudente José de Morais Barros (1841-1912), Brazil-related_stubs, People_stubs,
 * Odilon Barrot (1791-1873)
 * Henry Barrowe (1550-1593)
 * José Francisco Barrundia (1787-1854), People_stubs,
 * Barry Zaid (born 1939), Artist_stubs,
 * Ann Street Barry (1734-1801)
 * Spranger Barry (1719-1777)
 * Isaac Barré (1726-1802)
 * Jean Alexandre Barré (1880-1967), Medicine_stubs,
 * Valeri L. Barsukov (1928-1992), Scientist_stubs,

Bart-Barv

 * Peter Bart (born 1932), People_stubs,
 * Jeanne Julia Bartet (1854-1941)
 * Fredrik Barth (born 1928)
 * Lois Thompson Bartholomew (born 1947), Writer_stubs,
 * Catherine Barton (born 1679), Year_of_death_missing,
 * Elizabeth Barton (1506-1534)
 * Edmund Musgrave Barttelot (1859-1888)
 * Geir Barvik (born 1958), People_stubs,

Bas

 * Bernard Baschet (born 1917), Artist_stubs,
 * François Baschet (born 1920), French_people_stubs,
 * Ernest West Basden (1952-2002), Crime_stubs,
 * Baby Bash (born 1975)
 * Dave Basham (1913-1991)
 * Vaikom Muhammad Basheer (1908-1994)
 * Jamil Bashir (1921-1977), Musician_stubs,
 * Munir Bashir (died 1997)
 * Basil Champneys (1842-1935)
 * Vassily de Basil (1886-1951), Russian_people_stubs,
 * James Baskett (1904-1948)
 * Émile Basly (1854-1928)
 * Charles Foster Bass (born 1952)
 * Perkins Bass (born 1912)
 * Ugo Bassi (1800-1849), 1911_Britannica,
 * Thomas Bassnett (born 1808)
 * Ivan Basso (born 1977), Cycling_stubs,
 * François de Bassompierre (1579-1646), 1911_Britannica,
 * Rodrigo de Bastidas (1460-1527), People_stubs,

Bat-Bav

 * Shiv Kumar Batalvi (1936-1973), People_stubs,
 * Batatinha (born 1957), People_stubs,
 * Stephen Batchelor (born 1953)
 * Elizabeth Bates (1947-2003)
 * Joseph Earl Bates (1968-2003), American_people_stubs,
 * Ted Bates (1918-2003)
 * Mary Catherine Bateson (born 1939), Writer_stubs,
 * Ira Coleman Batman (1862-1934), American_people_stubs,
 * Stiv Bators (1949-1990), Musician_stubs,
 * Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg (1887-1969)
 * Ivan De Battista (born 1977)
 * Yelena Baturina (born 1963)
 * Pierre-Marie Baty (born 1980), People_stubs,
 * Eddie Bauer (1899-1986), Corporation_stubs,
 * Otto Bauer (1881-1938)
 * Joe Baugher (born 1941)
 * Charlotte and Margaret Baughman (born 1989), Multiple_people, Television_biographical_stubs,
 * Vicki Baum (1888-1960)
 * Andy Bausch (born 1959), Television_biographical_stubs,
 * José A. Bautista (born 1980)
 * Mario Bava (1914-1980), People_stubs,
 * Albert VI of Bavaria (1584-1666), European_nobility_stubs,
 * Duke Joseph Ferdinand of Bavaria (1692-1699)

Bax-Baz

 * Charles Baxter (born 1947)
 * Richard Baxter (1615-1691), 1911_Britannica,
 * James Asheton Bayard (1767-1815), American_politician_stubs,
 * Birhanu Bayeh (born 1938)
 * Arthur Bayldon (1865-1958)
 * Ada Ellen Bayly (1857-1903), A_Short_Biographical_Dictionary_of_English_Literature,
 * James Baynes (1766-1837), Artist_stubs,
 * Thomas Mann Baynes (1794-1854), Artist_stubs,
 * Thomas Spencer Baynes (1823-1887), A_Short_Biographical_Dictionary_of_English_Literature,
 * François Achille Bazaine (1811-1888)
 * Amand Bazard (1791-1832)


text:
Hans Pietsch (Go player)

Hans Reinhard Pietsch (September 27, 1968 – January 16, 2003) was a German Go player, one of the few European-born to have been promoted to the professional levels.

He was born in 1968, in Bremen, Germany. He began playing Go at the age of 12. In 1990 he became the first German insei at the Nihon Ki-in and was promoted to professional 1-dan in 1997. He was then promoted to 4-dan in 2000. On January 16, 2003, during a tour in Guatemala to promote Go he was confronted by armed robbers and was shot. He later died from his wound at a local hospital. The Nihon Ki-in posthumously promoted him to the rank of 6-dan.

title: Hans Pietsch (Go player)


text:
File:Synch3.jpg

Fair use rationales
www.thexaxis.com, cover to X-Men #36

title: File:Synch3.jpg


text:
Montreal and Lachine Railroad

The Montreal and Lachine Railroad was Montreal's first railroad. The railroad was opened on November 19, 1847, with service between Bonaventure Station in Montreal and the St. Lawrence River in Lachine. Built to bypass the Lachine Rapids, it was 12 km long. The railway merged with the Lake St. Louis and Province Railroad in 1850 under the name Montreal and New York Railroad. In 1857, it merged with the Champlain and St. Lawrence Railroad as the Montreal and Champlain Railroad. It would eventually be absorbed by the Grand Trunk Railway.

Tokens
The railway used token coins after it was found that train tickets were not convenient for use among the Indians and workmen on the Lachine Canal, who formed the bulk of company's third class travel. Imported from Birmingham, where they were made by Boulton & Watt or Ralph Heaton & Sons, the tokens were strung on a wire as they were collected by the conductor. The tokens were issued in 1847 and used until the early 1860s, with the image of a train locomotive on one side and a beaver on the other.

title: Montreal and Lachine Railroad


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Alpher-Bethe-Gamow theory

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was keep. - Mailer Diablo 17:40, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

Alpher-Bethe-Gamow theory
There is no such theory, and therefore no need for an article of this title. Also, the journal article being alluded to is not correctly described. (The article is famous for predicting the cosmic microwave background, not Big Bang nucleosynthesis.) --EMS | Talk 14:47, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong Keep. There is indeed a theory, although I've never heard it described this way -- more of interest to historians of scientists than to scientists. EMS is incorrect; the ABG paper is indeed the first description of nucleosynthesis (despite incorrect information on the internet.) Here is the original article:, Phys. Rev. 73, 803–804 (1948), The Origin of Chemical Elements. I suggest, EMS, instead of trying to speedy delete this article, you try to improve it. Sdedeo 15:05, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep or Merge into Nucleosynthesis. --Pjacobi 15:24, August 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, or merge into nucleosynthesis, but don't lose the info about where the name came from. DS 15:26, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep or merge / redirect. Seems legitimate. Trollderella 15:43, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and do not merge. It is an important paper, the first to establish that the Big Bang could explain the observed ratio of H to He in the universe.  The story behind it is also interesting.  It deserves to be expanded into a meaningful article in its own right.  Dragons flight 16:12, August 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - should be expanded; it is certainly notable. But in its current form, merge/redirect appropriate. -- WCFrancis 16:56, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Comment - I see this as an impotant step in the development of Big Bang theory, not a theory in it's own right. I also see it as deserving better than this.  If people want to keep it, then fine.  However, at the least let's rename from "... theory" to "... paper". --EMS | Talk 18:51, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. EMS, I agree. I'd be in favour of a "merge" to the rest of the nucleosynthesis. Presumably because of a single sci.physics.research post, people think it refers to the CMB, and it would be good to have the correct information in the wiki. Yours, Sdedeo 19:11, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong Keep (seems reasonable to merge). This has been around a long time now - I've come across it a couple of time over the years. Dlyons493 21:19, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong keep. This is a very important paper and a well known anecdote.  Renaming to paper instead of theory would make sense. I oppose merging, because this article really deserves to be given the chance to be expanded. ManoaChild 22:48, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. If it's inaccurate, edit it! --Tony Sidaway Talk 02:04, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Move to close this VfD - I'm glad to have brought up the issue and called people's attention to this even if the consensus did not turn out the way I expected. However, I think that we can stick a fork into this VfD: it's done.  --EMS | Talk 02:39, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep — I've heard of this one. I also heard a rumor that Hans Bethe was reportedly a little irked at having his name attached to a paper in which he wasn't involved just to served as a pun. :) — RJH 18:07, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge to big bang nucleosynthesis Joke137 13:27, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, not that it matters any more. This is one of those examples where a VfD results in a mediocre page being improved until it is actually a worthy read.–Joke137 03:42, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

I just linked this article in to the Big Bang entry because someone changed "expansion and evolution" of the universe, there, to refer to expansion only. There are a lot of expanding models (for example an unstable static Einstein universe) (positive cosmo constant) perturbed so as to expand, or a de Sitter universe. The Big Bang was clinched by the CBR, but the near uniform primordial element abundance is a very strong point. Deleting this classic entry is like deleting Christopher Marlowe because Shakespeare eclipsed him. Pdn 16:01, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong Keep

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Mary Turzillo

Mary A. Turzillo (born 1940) is an American science fiction writer noted primarily for short stories. She won the Nebula Award for Best Novelette in 2000 for her story "Mars is No Place for Children," published originally in Science Fiction Age. Her story "Pride," published originally in Fast Forward 1, was a Nebula award finalist for best short story of 2007.

She was formerly a professor of English at Kent State University, where she wrote articles and several books of science fiction criticism under the name Mary T. Brizzi, including Reader's Guide to Anne McCaffrey and Reader's Guide to Philip José Farmer. She attended the Clarion Workshop in 1985, and she founded the Cajun Sushi Hamsters writing workshop in Cleveland, Ohio.

In 2022, she was the author guest of honor at the Convention Marcon 57

Fiction
Although Mary had published poetry and academic works before attending the Clarion Writers workshop, her main publications in science fiction occurred following Clarion, with the publication of the stories “What Do I See In You” in Writers of the Future Volume IV, and “Kings” in Pulphouse: the Hardback magazine. After this her work appeared regularly in the SF magazines such as The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction and Analog Science Fiction and Fact, as well as original anthologies such as Universe and Fast Forward.

Her first novel, An Old Fashioned Martian Girl, was serialized in Analog magazine in 2004, and a revised version, Mars Girls, appeared from Apex in 2017. Her short story collection Bonsai Babies appeared from Omnium Gatherum in 2016. Her short story collection Cosmic Cats and Fantastic Furballs, a collection of science fiction and fantasy stories featuring cats, appeared from WordFire Press in 2022.

Poetry
Turzillo is also a poet, published in a number of national publications. Her collection of poetry, Your Cat & Other Space Aliens, was published by VanZeno Press in 2007. A collaborative collection of poetry and fiction, Dragon Soup (written with artist and poet Marge Simon), appeared from VanZeno in 2008, and another collaboration with Simon, The Dragon's Dictionary, was published by Sam's Dot in 2010.

She has won several Ohio Poetry Day awards. She has won the Science Fiction Poetry Association's Elgin Award for best poetry book twice. In 2013, her collection Lovers and Killers (Dark Regions, 2012). In 2015, her poetry book Sweet Poison, a collaboration with Marge Simon (Dark Renaissance Books, 2014) won the award.

Academic work
Turzillo has a Ph.D. in English from Case Western Reserve University, where her Ph.D. thesis was "The writer as double agent: essays on the conspiratorial mode in contemporary fiction." She worked as a professor in the English Department of the Trumbull Campus of Kent State University. Under the name Mary T. Brizzi, she has published a number of papers in the area of science fiction criticism, and is the author of two books, Reader's Guide to Anne McCaffrey and Reader's Guide to Philip José Farmer.

Personal life
In her private life, Turzillo is a competitive fencer. In 2016, she was a member of the U.S women's foil team at the Veterans Fencing World Championships in Stralsund, Germany.

She is married to fellow science fiction writer Geoffrey A. Landis.

Short fiction

 * Collections

 * Stories

Poetry

 * Collections
 * List of poems
 * List of poems
 * List of poems
 * List of poems
 * List of poems

title: Mary Turzillo


text:
Essex Scottish Regiment

The Essex Scottish was an infantry regiment of the Canadian Army until 1954.

History
Founded in 1885 as the 21st Essex Battalion of Infantry, it went through several name changes including: 1887 - 21st Battalion, Essex Fusiliers; 1900 - 21st Regiment, Essex Fusiliers; 1920 - The Essex Fusiliers, acquiring its present title in 1927.

During World War II the regiment was among the first Canadian units to see combat in the European theatre during the invasion of Dieppe. By the end of The Dieppe Raid, the Essex Scottish Regiment had suffered 121 fatal casualties, with many others wounded and captured. The Essex Scottish later participated in Operation Atlantic and was slaughtered attempting to take Verrières Ridge on July 21. By the war's end, the Essex Scottish Regiment had suffered over 550 war dead; its 2,500 casualties were the most of any unit in the Canadian army during the Second World War.

In 1954, as a result of the Kennedy Report on the Reserve Army, this regiment was amalgamated with The Kent Regiment to form The Essex and Kent Scottish Regiment.

The Essex Scottish before amalgamation held its final order of precedence as 40.

Alliances and uniform
The Essex Scottish were allied to The Essex Regiment and were kitted with a balmoral with red and white diced border, scarlet doublet, white sporran with two black points, red and black hose, spats with black buttons, blue shoulder straps with white cross stripes and piping with full dress only for pipers and drummers, who also wore a feather bonnet with white hackle. They wore the red and green tartan of Clan Gregor.

Perpetuations
The regiment perpetuated the following units of the Canadian Expeditionary Force:

Great War

 * 18th Battalion (Western Ontario), CEF
 * 99th Battalion (Essex), CEF
 * 241st (Canadian Scottish Borderers) Battalion, CEF

First World War

 * Ypres, 1915, '17
 * Festubert, 1915
 * Mount Sorrel
 * Somme, 1916, '18
 * Flers-Courcelette
 * Thiepval
 * Ancre Heights
 * Arras, 1917, '18
 * Vimy, 1917
 * Hill 70
 * Passchendaele
 * Amiens
 * Scarpe, 1918
 * Hindenburg Line
 * Canal du Nord
 * Cambrai, 1918
 * Pursuit to Mons
 * France and Flanders 1915–18

Second World War

 * Dieppe Raid (1942)
 * Battle of Verrières Ridge (1944)
 * liberation of Dieppe (1944)
 * Battle of the Scheldt (1944)
 * The Rhine (1944–1945)
 * Northwestern Europe

Victoria Cross and George Cross recipients

 * Major Frederick Albert Tilston VC, Gazetted on 22 May 1945.

title: Essex Scottish Regiment


text:
Chris Rice

Chris Rice is an American singer and songwriter who works in the contemporary Christian music, contemporary folk, adult contemporary and adult album alternative genres. He became a recording artist in 1996 after signing a contract with Rocketown Records and releasing his debut album, Deep Enough to Dream. He released six albums between 1996 and 2007, before entering a 12-year hiatus. In 2019, he ended his hiatus and released a joint album with gospel artist Andrew Ripp. In 2020, Rice was accused of sexual assaulting a minor between 1995 and 2003, while Rice led worship at retreats for a church. An independent report found the allegations to be credible.

Early years
Chris Rice, a native of Clinton, Maryland, grew up as the second of four sons born to bookstore owners. His parents, and other adult mentors, influenced Rice's Christian faith and his early work with youth and college students.

Having taken only three years of piano lessons as a child, Rice did not aspire to a career in either music or student work. But frequent invitations to speak and lead music at his church's youth group events led to more such invitations throughout his college years at the University of Maryland, Grace College in Winona Lake, Indiana, and Union University in Jackson, Tennessee. He holds a bachelor's degree in Psychology and Communication. While leading music and coaching high school soccer teams he began writing songs. What began as weekend and summer work with youth and college students soon turned into a full-time career during his twenties and thirties, and prompted Rice to write and perform mainly on the guitar.

For those two decades, Rice spent his time as an itinerant speaker and songwriter/musician, playing for high school and college conferences and camps nationwide. This schedule prepared Chris for his career as a signed recording artist, touring the country with a full band.

Career as a songwriter
Rice's songwriting career began in the mid-1980s, after moving from his Washington, D.C., home to Nashville, Tenn. During that period several of Rice's songs were recorded by other artists, including Kathy Troccoli and Terri Gibbs. Rice's "Welcome to Our World", an original Christmas song since recorded by Michael W. Smith, Amy Grant and John Tesh, moved Smith to urge his new label, Rocketown Records, to sign Rice as its first artist in 1996.

Solo artist
With the help of Monroe Jones' production skills, Chris Rice recorded Deep Enough to Dream for a September 1997 release. Past the Edges followed a year later. Rice's third album, Smell the Color 9, was issued in late 2000.

In 2001, Rice released two piano-only, instrumental releases, The Living Room Sessions and The Living Room Sessions: Christmas, recorded on Rice's own living room grand piano.

His sixth album, Run the Earth... Watch the Sky, released in March 2003, Chris again joined the production talents of his longtime friend and collaborator Monroe Jones. The album's first single was "The Other Side of the Radio".

These four studio releases (plus the two instrumental releases) fulfilled Rice's contractual commitment to Rocketown and they issued several compilation albums, Short Term Memories and Snapshots: Live and Fan Favorites, following his departure in June 2004 and February 2005 respectively.

New record label
Rice signed with independent label Eb+Flo Records, and made a marketing and distribution agreement with INO Records who had distribution through Sony/Columbia removed the limitation of catering his music to Christian radio formats.

His fifth studio album, Amusing, released in August 2005. For the first time in his career, Rice released radio singles to AC and Light Rock stations around the country, the first single being a light romantic song entitled "When Did You Fall (In Love With Me?)" which reached No. 8 on the Pop AC radio format and enjoyed Top Ten status throughout the middle of 2006. A second AC hit, "Lemonade", began climbing the AC chart in 2007.

With his success on the AC radio format, Rice released a side project hearkening back to his roots, a vocal hymns album, Peace Like a River: The Hymns Project, in November 2006.

Rice released What a Heart Is Beating For in July 2007, further positioning him as a pop artist. Only 2 of its 13 songs contained overt faith themes.

Other
Since 2007, Rice has branched out in the visual arts, including photography and painting. In 2016, he self-published Widen, a book of poetry.

In December 2018, Rice and Andrew Ripp pre-released an album, Songs We Wrote on Tuesdays, as Ripp+Rice as well as a single "This Ain't No Love Song" from that album. The album, a mix of adult contemporary and country music and was officially released on January 4, 2019.

Sexual assault allegations
On October 15, 2020, Relevant reported that a young man made allegations of sexual assault against Rice. He claimed that they had occurred several times between 1995 and 2003 when Rice led worship at retreats for the youth and college students of Tates Creek Presbyterian Church in Lexington, Kentucky. The church's statement made it clear that Rice was not an employee of the church, and that they are only allegations, but they were working with an outside organization, GRACE, "that investigates allegations of abuse in Christian institutions". In June 2022, Tates Creek Presbyterian Church released GRACE's report which found the allegations to be credible.

Awards

 * 1998 – Nominated for six Dove Awards, including New Artist of the Year, Male Vocalist of the Year, Songwriter of the Year and Pop/Contemporary Album of the Year
 * 1999 – Dove Award winner for Male Vocalist of the Year and for participation in Special Event Album of the Year – Exodus
 * 2000 – Dove Award nominee for Recorded Music Packaging
 * 2002 – Dove Award nominee for Instrumental Album of the Year – Living Room Sessions: Hymns

title: Chris Rice