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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Blood Line

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. Redwolf24 (talk) 03:31, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

Blood Line and Ryan Moore
Non-notable student film and its 13-year-old creator. Zoe 08:07, August 21, 2005 (UTC)

Hi, as the writer of thsi film I can say this movie is relevant and it is being backed by a group of investors. You have no idea wat is going on plz dont delete this cause this is going to be a movie which will be released. It is just as relevant as any other movie. From Ryan Moore

My parents are putting $350,00 towards the production of thsi film. It does exist and it will be made so plz stop it. OK then I understand if u wanna wait 'till it comes out but calling it vanity is rude and I would apperciate an apology
 * Delete Blood Line -- per WP:NOT Wikipedia is not a crystal ball, and the undertaking does not seem to yet be notable or published in news sources as to merit the article.  The last sentence of the article pretty much sums it up: The film is not being backed by a or studio and does not yet have a distributor. --Mysidia (talk) 08:26, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Also see [Kitty Goddard] -- Corey.spring 08:35, August 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete both Feel bad if this is a newbie but deletable per Mysidia. Hope he checks his messages. Marskell 08:39, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete both. nn production and vanity page. ManoaChild 08:44, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Userfy is fine too. ManoaChild 09:33, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Ryan has now created a User ID. We could userfy Ryan Moore.  Zoe 08:45, August 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Userfr^Hy and delete. Alphax τεχ 09:28, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, nn. —Cryptic (talk) 10:15, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete both. Apparant hoax. Fernando Rizo T/C 10:19, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * IT ISNT A HOAX WHY DO YOU NOT TAKE ME SERIOSULY!
 * Delete both, vanity/nn. --DrTorstenHenning 13:02, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete both. Even if it is not a hoax, it will not achieve encyclopedic notability until the film is made. -- BD2412 talk 17:40, August 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per above. Dottore So 19:07, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete and userify respectively, on grounds of non-notability above and beyond the call. He can recreate 'em next year and tell us all he told us so, after all.  Alai 20:42, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not notable --Sleepyhead 20:45, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete but redirect Blood line some place suitable (a Castlevania game comes to mind, which uses it as a subtitle). Radiant_ >|< 10:22, August 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Pakur district

Pakur district is one of the twenty-four districts of Jharkhand state, India, and Pakur is the administrative headquarters of this district. Pakur sub-division of Sahibganj district was carved out on 28 January 1994 to constitute Pakur District. The district, with a population of 900,422 (census 2011), and covering an area of 686.21 km2, is situated on the north-eastern corner of Jharkhand state.

Geography
The district is bounded on the north by Sahibganj district, on the south by Dumka district, on the west by Godda district, and on the east by Birbhum and Murshidabad districts of West Bengal. The west of the district contains the Rajmahal Hills, while the east of the district is mostly flat plain.

Economy
It is famous for its Black stone. It is generating the highest revenue for Howrah railway Division by supplying Black Stone Chips across India and Coal to Punjab.

In the past, Pakur was a land populated by Santhals and Mal Paharia people. However, over a period of time, demographic composition has gradually changed to the modern era, and the local folks have come to the mainstream of the Indian society.

In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Pakur one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640). It is one of the 21 districts in Jharkhand currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).

Blocks/Mandals
Pakur district consists of six community development blocks. The following are the list of the blocks in the Pakur district:

• #Pakur Block

• #Maheshpur block

• #Hiranpur block

• #Littipara Block

• #Amrapara block

• #Pakuria block

Demographics
According to the 2011 census Pakur district has a population of 900,422, roughly equal to the nation of Fiji or the US state of Delaware. This gives it a ranking of 465th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 498 PD/sqkm. Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 28.15%. Pakur has a sex ratio of 985 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 48.82%. 7.50% of the population lives in ruban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 3.16% and 42.10% of the population respectively.

At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 39.42% of the population in the district spoke Bengali, 36.40% Santali, 11.84% Khortha, 4.90% Malto, 2.83% Hindi, 1.77% Urdu and 1.66% Bhojpuri as their first language.

Villages

 * Ramnathpur

Politics
|}

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Pakur district


text:
Nikolai Gumilev

Nikolai Stepanovich Gumilev (also Gumilyov; Николай Степанович Гумилёв, ; April 15 1886 – August 26, 1921) was a Russian poet, literary critic, traveler, and military officer. He was a co-founder of the Acmeist movement. He was the husband of Anna Akhmatova and the father of Lev Gumilev. Nikolai Gumilev was arrested and executed by the Cheka, the secret Soviet police force, in 1921.

Early life and poems
Nikolay Gumilev was born in the town of Kronstadt on Kotlin Island, into the family of Stepan Yakovlevich Gumilev (1836–1910), a naval physician, and Anna Ivanovna L'vova (1854–1942). His childhood nickname was "Montigomo," the Hawk's Claw. He studied at the gymnasium of Tsarskoye Selo, where the Symbolist poet Innokenty Annensky was his teacher. Later, Gumilev admitted that it was Annensky's influence that turned his mind to writing poetry. He spent some of his youth in Tbilisi, Georgia going the First Gymnasium.

His first publication were verses I ran from cities into the forest (Я в лес бежал из городов) on September 8, 1902. In 1905 he published his first book of lyrics entitled The Way of Conquistadors. It comprised poems on most exotic subjects imaginable, from Lake Chad giraffes to Caracalla's crocodiles. Although Gumilev was proud of the book, most critics found his technique sloppy; later he would refer to that collection as apprentice's work.

From 1907 and on, Nikolai Gumilev traveled extensively in Europe, notably in Italy and France. In 1908 his new collection Romantic Flowers appeared. While in Paris, he published the literary magazine Sirius, but only three issues were produced. On returning to Russia, he edited and contributed to the artistic periodical Apollon. At that period, he fell in love with a non-existent woman Cherubina de Gabriak. It turned out that Cherubina de Gabriak was the literary pseudonym for two people: Elisaveta Ivanovna Dmitrieva and Maximilian Voloshin. On November 22, 1909, he had a duel with Voloshin over the affair.

Gumilev married Anna Akhmatova on April 25, 1910. He dedicated some of his poems to her. On September 18, 1912, their child Lev was born. He would eventually become an influential and controversial historian.

Travel to Africa
Like Flaubert and Rimbaud before him, but inspired by exploits of Alexander Bulatovich and Nikolay Leontiev, Gumilev was fascinated with Africa and travelled there almost each year. He explored, helping development of Ethiopia, sometime hunted lions, and brought to the Saint Petersburg museum of anthropology and ethnography a large collection of African artifacts. His landmark collection The Tent (1921) collected the best of his poems on African themes, one of them "Giraffe".

Guild of Poets
In 1910, Gumilev fell under the spell of the Russian Symbolist poet and philosopher Vyacheslav Ivanov and absorbed his views on poetry at the evenings held by Ivanov in his celebrated "Turreted House". His wife Akhmatova accompanied him to Ivanov's parties as well.

Dissatisfied with the vague mysticism of Russian Symbolism, then prevalent in the Russian poetry, Gumilev and Sergei Gorodetsky established the so-called Guild of Poets, which was modeled after medieval guilds of Western Europe. They advocated a view that poetry needs craftsmanship just like architecture needs it. Writing a good poem they compared to building a cathedral. To illustrate their ideals, Gumilev published two collections, The Pearls in 1910 and the Alien Sky in 1912. It was Osip Mandelstam, however, who produced the movement's most distinctive and durable monument, the collection of poems entitled Stone (1912).

According to the principles of acmeism (as the movement came to be dubbed by art historians), every person, irrespective of his talent, may learn to produce high-quality poems if only he follows the guild's masters, i.e., Gumilev and Gorodetsky. Their own model was Théophile Gautier, and they borrowed much of their basic tenets from the French Parnasse. Such a program, combined with colourful and exotic subject matter of Gumilev's poems, attracted to the Guild a large number of adolescents. Several major poets, notably Georgy Ivanov and Vladimir Nabokov, passed the school of Gumilev, albeit informally.

War experience
When World War I started, Gumilev hastened to Russia and enthusiastically joined a corps of elite cavalry. He fought in battles in East Prussia and Macedonia. For his bravery he was invested with two St. George crosses (December 24, 1914 and January 5, 1915).

His war poems were assembled in the collection The Quiver (1916). In 1916 he wrote a verse play, Gondla, which was published the following year; set in ninth-century Iceland, torn between its native paganism and Irish Christianity, it is also clearly autobiographical, Gumilev putting much of himself into the hero Gondla (an Irishman chosen as king but rejected by the jarls, he kills himself to ensure the triumph of Christianity) and basing Gondla's wild bride Lera on Gumilev's wife Akhmatova (or maybe Larissa Reissner). The play was performed in Rostov na Donu in 1920.

During the Russian Revolution, Gumilev served in the Russian Expeditionary Force in France. Despite advice to the contrary, he rapidly returned to Petrograd. There he published several new collections, Tabernacle and Bonfire, and finally divorced Akhmatova (August 5, 1918), whom he had left for another woman several years prior. The following year he married Anna Engelhardt, a noblewoman and daughter of a well-known historian.

Execution
In 1920 Gumilev co-founded the All-Russia Union of Writers. He made no secret of his anti-communist views. He also made the Sign of the Cross in public and didn't care to hide his contempt for "half-literate Bolsheviks". On August 3, 1921, he was arrested by the Cheka on charges of participation in a nonexistent monarchist conspiracy known as the "Petrograd military organization". On August 24, the Petrograd Cheka decreed execution of 61 participants of the case, including Nikolay Gumilev. They were shot on August 26 in the Kovalevsky Forest (the actual date was established only in 2014; previously it was thought he died on August 25). Maxim Gorky, his friend and fellow writer, hurried to Moscow and appealed to Lenin, but was unable to save Gumilev.

Legacy
Gumilev's execution placed a stigma on Akhmatova and on their son, Lev. Lev was arrested later in the purges of the 1930s and spent almost two decades in a gulag.

Despite Gumilev's execution, Gondla was again performed in Petrograd in January 1922: "The play, despite its crowd scenes being enacted on a tiny stage, was a major success. Yet when the Petrograd audience called for the author, who was now officially an executed counter-revolutionary traitor, the play was removed from the repertoire and the theatre disbanded."

In February 1934, as they walked along a Moscow street, Osip Mandelstam quoted Gondla's words "I am ready to die" to Akhmatova, and she repeated them in her "Poem without a Hero."

Cultural influence
Although banned in the Soviet times, Gumilev was loved for his adolescent longing for travel and giraffes and hippos, for his dreams of a fifteen-year-old captain" His "The Tram That Lost Its Way" is considered one of the greatest poems of the 20th century.

 * The Russian progressive rock band Little Tragedies used the poetry of Gumilev in many of their songs, and had four albums which were entirely based on Gumilev's poetry (The Sun of the Spirit, Porcelain Pavilion, Return, Cross).
 * In 2016 an English translation of his verse drama Gondla was published by the Irish poet and diplomat Philip McDonagh and a production toured in Ireland.

Russian people in Ethiopia

 * Alexander Bulatovich
 * Leonid Artamonov
 * Nikolay Leontiev

title: Nikolai Gumilev


text:
Uniklubi

Uniklubi is a Finnish alternative rock band. It was founded in 1999. The band became well known for its hit "Rakkautta ja piikkilankaa" in 2004. The band's lyrics are in the Finnish language. All members are from the town of Hämeenkyrö, except the bassist Teemu Rajamäki, who is from Ikaalinen. Originally they called themselves 'Pincenez' but they did not get much positive feedback about it, so they renamed their band 'Uniklubi', a Finnish word that means 'Dream Club'.

History
The band was founded in 1999 by Jussi and Pasi. The name "Uniklubi" did not exist at the time; they went by the name Pincenez (a French term for a type of glasses without earpieces). The first songs they played were covers of their favorite bands, in English. However, as they began writing their own songs, Jussi felt more confident with his mother tongue, Finnish. They eventually changed the name to Uniklubi ("dream club"), which had no real significance for them.

By playing their first gigs, they earned some money they used to go into studio and record their first demo-tapes.

While recording the first album "Rakkautta Ja Piikkilankaa" (Love and Barbed-Wire) the drummer left the band. Antti Matikainen replaced him and has been part of Uniklubi ever since.

The first single was "Rakkautta Ja Piikkilankaa". It was voted by YleX as the most popular song of the year. The album got into the charts (Top 4) and Uniklubi got their first important award: They won an Emma Award (Newcomer of the year). "Rakkautta Ja Piikkilankaa" reached platinum in Finland (They sold more than 30,000 copies of the album). Other releases of "Rakkautta Ja Piikkilankaa": Kylmää, Näiden Tähtien Alla and Totuus.

The second album, "Kehä" (Circle) was released on November 2 and the album entered the charts at number one. It stayed in the charts for more than 20 weeks in the Top20 and even the first release of the album "Kaikki Mitä Mä Annoin" (All that I gave) entered the charts at number one. The second release was "Kiertää Kehää" and entered the charts at number ten.

During summer 2006, the singer was diagnosed with a bump on his vocal cords, after losing his voice repeatedly during concerts. The band had to cancel a tour in Germany, which would have been their first outside Scandinavia, for Jussi to undergo throat surgery. Everything went fine, and the few gigs performed during the Christmas holidays were marked by a beautiful, new clear voice.

The band entered studios again at the beginning of 2007, and have already released their first single, "Vnus", in May, along with the track "Aurinkoni" (My Sun) as a b-side. The new album, titled "Luotisade" (Bullet Rain) was released in August 2007.

On March 4, 2009, the band released a new album titled "Syvään valoon." The first single from the album was "Polje". They later released "Kukka" as the new single.

During the summer 2010 Uniklubi had several gigs added with the unique group of musicians. They had one pianist, two violinists, altoviolinist and cellist.

On September 22, Uniklubi released their fifth studio album titled "Kultakalat" (Goldfishes). On 31 September the band started their album release tour which will lasted until the late summer of 2011.

Related bands
Like many other Finnish bands, Uniklubi can easily be linked to other groups, whether by friendships or collaborations. Jussi Selo, singer for Uniklubi, has previously sung for Lovex, as well as guest backing vocals on some of Negative's tracks. More recently, he participated with backing vocals to the cover of Queen's "Too Much Love Will Kill You", interpreted by Negative's Jonne Aaron, Sir Christus and Larry Love, Jann Wilde and Rose Avenue's Jann Wilde and Dead By Gun's Christian. Ville Liimatainen, younger brother of Jonne, also contributed to the backing vocals. In Bloodpit's 2007 video "Wise Men Don't Cry", Jussi played a vengeful brother, alongside Antti Anatomy of Negative. He has also sung backing vocals on several songs for Finnish rock band, Sisu. Janne Selo previously sang for the band Bitch So Sweet, a quartet he left as Uniklubi took more of his time. He also replaced Entwine's guitarist for 5 concerts in their spring tour in Germany.

Band members

 * Jussi Selo (born January 21, 1985, in Tampere, Finland) – vocals
 * Janne Samuli Selo (born April 16, 1980) – guitars
 * Pasi Viitala (born March 6, 1983) – electronic guitar
 * Teemu Mäntykorpi - bass guitar
 * Jani Auvinen - drums
 * Tuomas Lepistö - keyboard

Former members

 * Antti Matikainen – drums
 * Janne Jokiniemi - drums
 * Teemu Rajamäki – bass guitar

Teemu Rajamäki left the band on March 19, 2012. This was announced on the band's homepage.

Albums

 * Rakkautta ja piikkilankaa (2004)
 * Kehä (2005)
 * Luotisade (2007)
 * Syvään Valoon (2009)
 * Kultakalat (2010)
 * Tulennielijä (2018)
 * Ajan piirtämät kasvot (2020)
 * 8 (2023)

Singles

 * Rakkautta ja piikkilankaa (2004) (Love and Barbed Wire)
 * Kylmää (2004) (Cold)
 * Olemme Yhtä (2004) (We Are One)
 * Totuus (2004) (The Truth)
 * Näiden tähtien alla (2004) (Underneath These Stars)
 * Kaikki mitä mä annoin (2005) (All That I Gave)
 * Huomenna (Promotional Single) (2005) (Tomorrow)
 * Kiertää Kehää (2006) (Rounding Circle)
 * Tuhka (Promotional Single) (2006) (Ash)
 * Vnus (2007) (Venus)
 * Luotisade (Promotional Single) (2007) (Bulletrain)
 * Polje (2009) (Box)
 * Kukka (2009) (Flower)
 * Aikasi On Nyt (2010) (Your Time Is Now)
 * Sydän janoaa (2014) (My Heart Is Thirsty)
 * Laavaa (2017) (Lava)
 * Pakkopaita (2017) (Straitjacket)
 * Tulennielijä (2018) (Fire Eater)
 * Huojuva silta (2019) (Shaky Bridge)
 * Bailaten koko elämä (2019) (Dancing All My Life)
 * Siipirikko (2020) (Bird With a Broken Wing)
 * Hetken olen vapaa (2021) (I Am Free For a While)
 * Jos tähän jään (2021) (If I Stay Here)
 * Hehkuvia kipinöitä (2022) (Glowing Sparks)
 * Sammuttamaton (2022) (Unextinguishable)
 * Rakkautta ja piikkilankaa (Juhlaversio) (2024)

Music videos

 * Rakkautta ja piikkilankaa (2004)
 * Kaikki mitä mä annoin (2005)
 * Huomenna (2005)
 * Vnus (2007)
 * Luotisade (2007)
 * Rakkaudesta hulluuteen (2008)
 * Polje (2009)
 * Kukka (2009)
 * Mitä vittua? (2009)
 * Aikasi on nyt (2010)
 * Maailma Puhaltaa (2010)
 * Pakkopaita (2017)
 * Bailaten koko elämä (2019)
 * Siipirikko (2020)
 * Jos tähän jään (2021)
 * Sammuttamaton (2022)
 * Sabotaasi (2023)

title: Uniklubi


text:
Popo Agie Wilderness

Popo Agie Wilderness is located within Shoshone National Forest, Wyoming, United States. The wilderness consists of 101,870 acres on the east side of the continental divide in the Wind River Range. Originally set aside as a primitive area in 1932, in 1984 the Wyoming Wilderness Act was passed securing a more permanent protection status for the wilderness. The wilderness is a part of the 20,000,000 acre Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem.

U.S. Wilderness Areas do not allow motorized or mechanized vehicles, including bicycles. Although camping and fishing are allowed with proper permit, no roads or buildings are constructed and there is also no logging or mining, in compliance with the 1964 Wilderness Act. Wilderness areas within National Forests and Bureau of Land Management areas also allow hunting in season.

The Popo Agie Wilderness is a primarily sub-alpine and alpine region with the minimum elevation of 8,400 ft. Twenty mountains exceed 12,000 ft, with the highest being Wind River Peak at 13,192 ft. Perhaps the most visited area within the wilderness and the entire Wind River Range is the Cirque of the Towers due to the impressive granitic mountains and sheer cliffs which attract climbers from all over the world. Overuse has led to camping restrictions within the wilderness, especially in the proximity of Lonesone Lake which is located in the Cirque of the Towers. The wilderness spans a 25 mi section of the southern Wind River Range.

Over 300 lakes and several tributaries of the Wind River are located in the wilderness. Rare reports of wolves have been documented and are considered to be from the wolf recovery efforts commenced in the late 20th century in Yellowstone National Park to the north. Additionally, reports of grizzly bears have been documented but they too are rare. Black bears, moose, elk, and pronghorn are the more commonly sighted megafauna. Trumpeter swans, bald eagles, hawks, and falcons inhabit the wilderness, especially near lakes and streams. Eight species and subspecies of trout, including a few found only in the Yellowstone region exist as well. The forest is dominated by lodgepole pine and Douglas fir, Engelmann Spruce, and subalpine fir at higher elevations up to the tree line.

The closest town is Lander, Wyoming. Access into the wilderness from the north via the Wind River Indian Reservation requires obtaining a permit before entering.

title: Popo Agie Wilderness


text:
Babylonian religion

Babylonian religion is the religious practice of Babylonia. Babylonia's mythology was largely influenced by its Sumerian counterparts and was written on clay tablets inscribed with the cuneiform script derived from Sumerian cuneiform. The myths were usually either written in Sumerian or Akkadian. Some Babylonian texts were translations into Akkadian from Sumerian of earlier texts, but the names of some deities were changed.

Mythology and cosmology
Babylonian myths were greatly influenced by the Sumerian religion. Sometimes they were written on clay tablets inscribed with the cuneiform script derived from Sumerian cuneiform. The myths were usually either written in the Sumerian or Akkadian language. Some Babylonian texts were even translations into Akkadian from the Sumerian language of earlier texts, although the names of some deities were changed in Babylonian texts.

Many Babylonian deities, myths, and religious writings are singular to that culture; for example, the uniquely Babylonian deity, Marduk, replaced Enlil as the head of the mythological pantheon. The Enûma Eliš, a creation myth epic was an original Babylonian work. In it, Apsu and Tiamat created "the elements of the world", but fought for various reasons, with Tiamat winning but being slaughtered along with her army by Marduk. Marduk became the first king within Tiamat's split body, which created the earth and sky, and founded Babylon.

Religious festivals
Tablet fragments from the Neo-Babylonian period describe a series of festival days celebrating the New Year. The Festival began on the first day of the first Babylonian month, Nisannu, roughly corresponding to April/May in the Gregorian calendar. This festival celebrated the re-creation of the Earth, drawing from the Marduk-centered creation story described in the Enûma Eliš.

Importance of idols
In Babylonian religion, the ritual care and worship of the statues of deities were considered sacred; the gods lived simultaneously in their statues in temples and in the natural forces they embodied.

The pillaging or destruction of idols was considered to be a loss of divine patronage; during the Neo-Babylonian period, the Chaldean prince Marduk-apla-iddina II fled into the southern marshes of Mesopotamia with the statues of Babylon's gods to save them from the armies of Sennacherib of Assyria.

Babylonian gods
Babylonia mainly focused on the god Marduk, who is the national god of the Babylonian empire. However, there were also other gods that were worshipped. These are the seven deities: At various times, a single god in Babylonian cities was assigned a primary "special duty" for each city, such as being "the god of earth and the air" or "the god of the sky", and seen as the god with the most influence in that city by far.
 * Enlil
 * Enki
 * Inanna
 * Nabu
 * Nanna-Suen
 * Ninhursag
 * Utu

title: Babylonian religion


text:
Sahebganj district

Sahibganj district is one of the twenty-four districts of Jharkhand state, India, and Sahibganj is the administrative headquarters of this district.

Divisions
Sahibganj district is divided into two subdivions: Sahibganj subdivision and Rajmahal subdivision. It is further subdivided into nine Community development blocks:(Sahibganj subdivision) Sahibganj, Mandro, Borio, Barhait (Rajmahal subdivision) Taljhari, Rajmahal, Udhwa, Pathna and Barharwa.

Economy
In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Sahibganj one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640). It is one of the 24 districts in Jharkhand currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).

Demographics
According to the 2011 census Sahibganj district has a population of 1,150,567, roughly equal to the nation of Timor-Leste or the US state of Rhode Island. This gives it a ranking of 407th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 558 PD/sqkm. Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 23.96%. Sahibganj has a sex ratio of 948 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 52.04%. 13.88% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 6.29% and 26.80% of the population respectively.

At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 28.86% of the population in the district spoke Bengali, 21.86% Santali, 16.71% Hindi, 11.42% Khortha, 6.33% Urdu, 5.33% Bhojpuri and 3.68% Malto. 4.11% of the population spoke 'Others' under Hindi.

Politics

 * }

Localities

 * Bishanpur
 * Kodarjana
 * Sahibganj

title: Sahebganj district


text:
Soulard, St. Louis

Soulard is a historic neighborhood in St. Louis, Missouri. It is the home of Soulard Farmers Market, the oldest farmers' market west of the Mississippi River. Soulard is one of ten certified local historic districts in the city of St. Louis.

History
It is named for Antoine Soulard and Julia Cérre Soulard. Antoine Soulard first began to develop the land given to him by his father-in-law, Jean-Gabriel Cerré. Soulard was a surveyor for the Spanish government and a refugee from the French Revolution in the 1790s. It is home to several nineteenth century church buildings, including Trinity Lutheran.

Present
One of the oldest communities in the city, Soulard is today a largely residential neighborhood whose many businesses include restaurants, bars, and the North American headquarters of Anheuser-Busch, which houses the St. Louis Brewery. The neighborhood is divided roughly by Lynch Street; north of which is mostly row homes and small apartments, and south of which is largely the Anheuser-Busch Brewery and headquarters. Many of its houses date to the mid- to late-19th century. Soulard also has several historic churches.

Many of its bars host live music, especially the blues and jazz bands for which the city is known. The barrelhouse blues piano player James Crutchfield lived in the neighborhood from 1984 until his death in 2001 and performed in many of the nightclubs. The district hosts regular pub crawls.

Various neighborhood groups, including the Soulard Restoration Group and the Soulard Business Association, organize events, keep the neighborhood clean and safe, and publish a newspaper, The Soulard Renaissance.

It is home to Soulard Farmers Market, the oldest farmers' market west of the Mississippi. More than a hundred vendors include farmers, produce vendors, meat shops, spice shops, florist shops, and food.

Soulard Market is featured in the opening scene of Alan Schroeder's picture book Ragtime Tumpie.

Events
Soulard hosts many events throughout the year, including celebrations of Mardi Gras and Oktoberfest.

Demographics
In 2020, Soulard's population was 75.2% White, 15.8% Black, 0.2% Native American, 1.1% Asian, 0% Pacific Islander, 1.5% from some other race, and 6.0% from two or more races. 4.3% of the population was of Hispanic origin.

title: Soulard, St. Louis


text:
Jamtara district

Jamtara district is one of the twenty-four districts of Jharkhand state in eastern India. Jamtara town is the administrative headquarters of this district. The district is situated between 23°10′ and 24°05′ north latitudes and 86°30′ and 87°15′ east longitudes.

Blocks/Mandals
Jamtara district consists of 06 Blocks. The following are the list of the Blocks in Jamtara district:

• #Narayanpur

• #Karmatanr

• #Jamtara

• #Fatehpur

• #Nala

• #Kundhit.

Demographics
According to the 2011 census Jamtara district has a population of 791,042, roughly equal to the nation of Comoros or the US state of South Dakota. This gives it a ranking of 486th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 439 PD/sqkm. Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 21%. Jamtara has a sex ratio of 959 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 64.59%. 9.58% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 9.21% and 30.40% of the population respectively.

At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 30.18% of the population spoke Bengali, 29.10% Santali, 27.93% Khortha, 5.92% Hindi, 3.61% Urdu and 1.25% Magahi as their first language.

Economy
In 2006 the Indian government named Jamtara one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640). It is one of the 21 districts in Jharkhand currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).

Politics
There are three Vidhan Sabha constituencies in the district: Nala, Jamtara and Sarath (shared with Deoghar district). All three constituencies are part of Dumka Lok Sabha constituency.

 * }

title: Jamtara district


text: User talk:70.178.21.55

title: User talk:70.178.21.55


text:
Pabbay, Harris

Pabbay (Pabaigh) is an uninhabited island in the Outer Hebrides of Scotland which lies in the Sound of Harris between Harris and North Uist. The name comes from Papey, which is Norse for "Island of the papar (Culdee)".

The island was once very fertile, supporting a three-figure population and exporting corn, barley and illicit whisky. Most of the stewards of St. Kilda were Pabbay men. The island was cleared for sheep in 1846. Pabbay is traditionally a home of Clan Morrison.

Pabbay lies within the South Lewis, Harris and North Uist National Scenic Area, one of 40 such areas in Scotland which are defined so as to identify areas of exceptional scenery and to ensure its protection from inappropriate development.

title: Pabbay, Harris


text:
Dumka district

Dumka district is one of the twenty-four districts of Jharkhand state in eastern India. Dumka is the administrative headquarters of this district. This district covers an area of 3716.02 km$2$. This district has a population of 1,321,442 (2011 Census).

Economy
In 2006, the Indian government named Dumka one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640). It is one of the 21 districts in Jharkhand currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).

Demographics
According to the 2011 census Dumka district has a population of 1,321,442, roughly equal to the nation of Mauritius or the US state of New Hampshire. This gives it a ranking of 370th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 300 PD/sqkm. Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 19.39%. Dumka has a sex ratio of 974 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 61.02%. 6.82% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 6.02% and 43.22% of the population respectively.

At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 39.71% of the population spoke Santali, 34.44% Khortha, 9.59% Bengali, 6.64% Hindi, 2.40% Malto and 1.86% Urdu as their first language. 3.02% of the population recorded their language as 'Others' under Hindi.

Villages

 * Kumirdaha

title: Dumka district


text: User talk:83.32.211.233

title: User talk:83.32.211.233


text: Category:Fish products

title: Category:Fish products


text:
Talk:Deyang

Looking up these characters, the Mandarin pronunciation dosn't match the city name. Someone more familiar with the subject should check up on this. ⇝Casito⇝Talk 08:21, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I figured it out. Someone used the characters from Yi-bin ⇝Casito⇝Talk 08:26, 21 August 2005 (UTC)

It's ok I live here and fixed it :-) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 220.166.7.220 (talk) 06:50, 15 October 2010 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Deyang


text:
The Scone Advocate

The Scone Advocate is an Australian local newspaper, serving the communities of Scone, Aberdeen and Murrurundi in the Upper Hunter Valley. It is owned by Australian Community Media, and goes on sale each Thursday for $1.40. The newspaper was founded in 1887, the same year Scone was declared a municipality.

History
The Advocate began publication on 7 October 1887 as a weekly broadsheet newspaper, under the ownership of founder Arthur "Advocate" Smith. Five years later, it became a twice-weekly publication, and in 1898, the paper purchased their first typewriter. In 1933, Smith died, and was replaced by his son Arthur Fleming "Tod" Smith. The paper commenced construction of a new building in 1935, and later soon moved to a new location in Kelly Street, replacing the original offices at the corner of Liverpool and Guernsey Streets, which were destroyed by fire in 1942.

A year later, John Arthur "Jack" Smith replaced his father as editor of the Advocate. In 1954, publication days were changed to Tuesdays and Fridays. Also in 1954, the paper is sold to a locally owned company, Scone Advocate Limited, with local businessman J.M. "Mick" Flint as managing director. Later that year, then-editor Vern Hennessy left the paper, and the paper switched to a tabloid format.

Between 1957 and 1975, the Advocate had three editors: Joseph Charles "Joe" Court, William E.M "Mac" Abbott, and James "Jim" Brundson. In 1974, the newspaper was purchased by Western Newspapers Ltd., a subsidiary of Consolidated Press Group, controlled by the Packer family. The next year, Mike Pritchard was appointed as editor, and continued in that role until 1990. In 1976, the newspaper changed to a weekly publication, released Wednesdays.

In 1982, a move to develop the paper into a regional newspaper called The Valley Advocate with a wider-circulation proved unsuccessful. The paper was given away free outside of Scone, but local residents were still required to pay twenty five cents to buy a copy. In 1984, the Scone Advocate banner was restored, with a new publication date of Thursday (which is still the case today. Also in that year, the Packer-controlled Regional Publishers Pty. Ltd. was merged with Upper Hunter Newspapers, owned by the McClintock family of Muswellbrook, to form Upper Hunter Publishers Pty. Ltd. This led to the paper being published off-site in Muswellbrook, with its commercial printing division sold to a private company in 1986.

In 1987, Rural Press Limited purchased Regional Newspapers' group of publications, including the Advocate, and printing moved again, this time to the Maitland Mercury site. In 1990, Anthony "Tony" Newman takes over from Pritchard as editor for the next two and a half years. In 1991, the newspaper launched its first complimentary magazine for that year's Scone Horse Week. A succession of female editors soon followed, with Annella "Nella" Powell taking control in 1993, and Rhonda Turner in 1994.

In 1996, the Advocate was compiled on site for the first time using the Quark Xpress system, replacing the Atex system that had to be accessed in Muswellbrook. In 1997, the publication began to use colour on a regular basis for the first time starting on 4 December. The Advocate acquired a digital camera in 2000, and also launched their website that year. Also in 2000, Rural Press sold off the Advocate's long-time headquarters to local businessmen, and moved into rented premises in 2001. Turner resigned as editor in 2002, and since then a number of journalists have worked at the Advocate.

In 2005, the printing facilities were moved, this time to Tamworth at the Northern Daily Leader site. In 2007, Fairfax Media acquired Rural Press in an agreed merger, while locally, the paper's Macintosh computers were replaced with PCs. The paper celebrated its 120th anniversary in October with the discovery of old film footage from the first few months of transmission of NBN Television, which looked at the operations of a local newspaper.

National attention
The newspaper drew national media attention for its coverage of a gruesome murder in Aberdeen in the late 1990s, particularly from the ABC program Media Watch in 2000. The newspaper was criticised by the program, local readers and the victim's family for its graphic coverage. The editor at the time, Rhonda Turner, defended the newspaper and its reporting of the incident.

Prior to this, the newspaper's articles had appeared as part of the game show Don't Forget Your Toothbrush.

Alumni

 * Mike Pritchard (editor, 1975–1990, now breakfast presenter at ABC Upper Hunter)
 * David Bauche (journalist, 2007, now at 2NM/Power FM Muswellbrook)

Digitisation
The paper has been digitised as part of the Australian Newspapers Digitisation Program project of the National Library of Australia.

title: The Scone Advocate


text: Category:Koblenz

title: Category:Koblenz


text:
User talk:Devrath

Please don't copy and paste. Those things are copyrighted. We can't have them, and it creates a lot of needless work for those who have to go, look for the source, and tag it as a copyright violation. CanadianCaesar 08:25, 21 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Devrath


text:
User talk:Mcloud522

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Alf 08:26, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
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VfD
Hi, thanks for contributing to the Wikipedia, I'm dropping you a line to let you know that the article Abstract Gender is being discussed in a process known as 'Votes for Deletion', you might wish to read and comment on Votes for deletion/Abstract Gender, please do not let this discourage you from continuing to help us build a better encylopedia. Alf 08:26, 21 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mcloud522


text:
K. L. Chishi

K. L. Chishi born on 1st January 1944, is an Indian politician from Indian National Congress. He was the founder chief of the Nationalist Democratic Movement, a political party in the Indian state of Nagaland. He served as Chief Minister of Nagaland in 1990 for 28 days after which he resigned from office. He successfully contested state elections (2008) from Dimapur-I constituency (Dimapur) under Indian National Congress party. He left Indian National Congress to join Bharatiya Janata Party in January 2018. He rejoined Indian National Congress on 14 March 2019.

title: K. L. Chishi


text:
External capsule

The external capsule is a series of white matter fiber tracts in the brain. These fibers run between the most lateral (toward the side of the head) segment of the lentiform nucleus (more specifically the putamen) and the claustrum.

The white matter of the external capsule contains fibers known as corticocortical association fibers. These fibers are responsible for connecting the cerebral cortex to another cortical area. The capsule itself appears as a thin white sheet of white matter.

The external capsule is a route for cholinergic fibers from the basal forebrain to the cerebral cortex.

The putamen separates the external capsule from the internal capsule medially and the claustrum separates it from the extreme capsule laterally. But the external capsule eventually joins the internal capsule around the lentiform nucleus.

title: External capsule


text:
John Miller (police official)

John Miller (born 1958) is an American journalist and police official. From 1983 to 1994, he was a local journalist in New York City, before serving as the NYPD's chief spokesman from 1994 to 1995.

In 1995, Miller joined ABC News, and secured an interview with Osama bin Laden in Afghanistan in 1998. From 2003 to 2011, he returned to law enforcement as a senior official in the LAPD and as Assistant Director for Public Affairs at the FBI. Miller was named a senior correspondent for CBS News in 2011.

Miller rejoined law enforcement as the NYPD's Deputy Commissioner for Intelligence & Counterterrorism from 2013 to 2022. After the NYPD, he was hired as CNN's chief law enforcement and intelligence analyst.

Early life
Miller is the son of Lucinda and John J. Miller, a syndicated columnist and freelance writer whose range of roles included Hollywood gossip columnist, foreign correspondent, Broadway critic, crime investigator, and political pundit. "My dad wrote seven columns under six different names... Antonio from Rome. Pierre from Paris. Nigel from London", Miller said. His father was also a close friend of a boss of the Luciano crime family, Frank Costello, whose wife, Lauretta, was Miller's godmother.

Raised in Montclair, New Jersey, Miller attended Montclair High School, where he developed his interest in news and reporting by taking photos for sale to newspapers and skipping school to go to press briefings.

Career
Miller began work as a journalist in 1983 for WNEW, a television station in New York City. From 1985 to 1994, he worked as an investigative journalist for WNBC, another New York television station. Several times during his tenure at the station, he interviewed John Gotti.

From 1994 to 1995, he served as the NYPD's chief spokesman as Deputy Commissioner of Public Information. a move that some of his colleagues considered "going over to the dark side". He was hired at the request of then Commissioner William Bratton.

Miller returned to journalism in 1995 as a ABC News correspondent. Using an al-Qaeda agent in London as an intermediary, Miller asked Mohammed Atef for an interview with Osama bin Laden in May 1998. Miller was told to go to Islamabad, Pakistan, and was escorted over the Afghan–Pakistani border to meet bin Laden in a camp near Kandahar. He asked bin Laden questions that were translated into Arabic by an al-Qaeda translator; bin Laden's answers were not translated, so Miller was not immediately aware of what bin Laden was saying during the interview.

During his tenure at ABC, Miller also covered the September 11, 2001 attacks, where he sat alongside Peter Jennings for the duration of the day listening in to radio conversations from the FBI, the fire department, and the NYPD, informing Jennings and viewers of their content.

In January 2002, Miller took the post of co-anchor with Barbara Walters of the ABC News program 20/20.

In January 2003, he left ABC News to rejoin Bratton, who by then was at the Los Angeles Police Department. Miller served as the police department's Bureau Chief for the Counter-Terrorism and Criminal Intelligence Bureau, which included the Major Crimes Division, and the Emergency Services Division and the Special Investigations Section (SIS). While there, Miller launched Project Archangel which included the Automated Critical Asset Management System (ACAMS), among other platforms, and which has been adopted by other cities and states for ongoing risk-assessment of potential terrorist targets. Miller was also one of the original designers of the Los Angeles Joint Regional Intelligence Center (JRIC), which combines intelligence and analysis for the LAPD, LA sheriff, and the FBI.

In September 2005, Miller became the Assistant Director for Public Affairs at the FBI in Washington, D.C. In this position, he was tasked with overseeing the FBI's internal and external communications, including relations with the news media and handling of fugitive publicity, community relations, and other communications support. Miller also established an Employee Communications Unit to build stronger internal communications to the bureau's 31,000 employees. Among his collateral duties was to serve on the Strategic Execution Team (SET) to establish performance measurement standards for intelligence operations across the FBI's 56 field offices. The system, adapted from the CompStat process used by major police departments, was overseen by then-FBI Director Robert Mueller.

Miller left the FBI when he was named a senior correspondent for CBS News on October 17, 2011. In this capacity, Miller reported for all CBS News platforms and broadcasts, including CBS This Morning and occasionally 60 Minutes. His he "Inside the NSA" episode of 60 Minutes in 2013 was criticized for justifying NSA's spying on American citizens.

In December 2013, Miller resigned from CBS in order to become the Deputy Commissioner for Intelligence & Counterterrorism with the NYPD. Miller rejoined William Bratton, who had earlier been announced as the new NYPD Commissioner by Mayor Bill de Blasio. At the end of July 2022, Miller retired from the NYPD.

In September 2022, Miller became the chief law enforcement and intelligence analyst at CNN.

Personal
In 2002, Miller married Emily Altschul, daughter of Arthur Goodhart Altschul Sr.—a banker, a partner at Goldman Sachs Group, and a member of the Lehman family— and of Siri von Reis, a botanist. Miller's brother-in-law, Arthur Altschul, Jr., worked for Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley before becoming chairman of Medicis Pharmaceuticals Corporation. His sister-in-law is Serena Altschul, a former MTV video-jockey.

Awards and honors
Miller's journalistic awards include two Peabody Awards, a DuPont-Columbia Award, and nine Emmys.

Memberships and affiliations
He is a member of the International Association of Bomb Technicians and Investigators and the International Association of Chiefs of Police.

Miller is an instructor at the FBI's National Executive Institute, as well as the Leadership in Counterterrorism (LinCT) course and has attended training in organizational change at Harvard University's John F. Kennedy School of Government as well as the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University.

title: John Miller (police official)


text:
Extreme capsule

The extreme capsule (Latin: capsula extrema) is a series of nerve tracts between the claustrum and the insular cortex. It is also described as a thin capsule of white matter as association fibres. The extreme capsule is separated from the external capsule by the claustrum, and the extreme capsule separates the claustrum from the insular cortex, and all these lie lateral to the corpus striatum components.

From the midline of the brain to the side, the extreme capsule is the outermost from the external capsule and the inner internal capsule.

It is most easily visible in a horizontal section, just lateral to the claustrum.

title: Extreme capsule


text:
Billy Currington

William Matthew Currington (born November 19, 1973) is an American country music singer and songwriter. Signed to Mercury Records Nashville in 2003, he has released seven studio albums for the label: his self-titled debut (2003), Doin' Somethin' Right (2005), Little Bit of Everything (2008), Enjoy Yourself (2010), We Are Tonight (2013), Summer Forever (2015), and Intuition (2021).

These six albums have produced 18 singles on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Songs and Country Airplay charts, including 11 number one hits: "Must Be Doin' Somethin' Right", "Good Directions", "People Are Crazy", "That's How Country Boys Roll", "Pretty Good at Drinkin' Beer", "Let Me Down Easy", "Hey Girl", "We Are Tonight", "Don't It", "It Don't Hurt Like It Used To", and "Do I Make You Wanna". Currington has also charted as a duet partner on Shania Twain's single "Party for Two", and his own non-album single "Tangled Up", for a total of 20 top 40 hits.

Setting a new record in August 2017 with his number-one single "Do I Make You Wanna", Currington is the only country music artist in US Billboard Country Airplay chart history to have a song in the number one spot gain an audience of nearly 9,500,000 over another country music artist's song in the number two spot.

Early life and career
Billy Currington was born in Savannah, Georgia, raised in Rincon, Georgia, and currently lives in Savannah, Georgia. He has four sisters (Lexie, Ann, Kim, and Kellie) and two brothers (Charles and Jason).

When he was a junior in Effingham County High School (Springfield, Georgia), Currington auditioned for a spot at Opryland, the renowned country music theme park located in Nashville. Failing the audition, after high school he moved to Nashville to pursue his career in country music. His first stint did not last too long, and he later sang for a bar named Cavalier Country Club in Georgia. In Nashville, Currington also worked for a concrete company, and as a personal trainer.

One of the clients he worked with as a personal trainer led Currington to recording demo tapes, as well as writing songs. He eventually had cuts by George Strait, Tracy Byrd, and Marty Raybon. After almost being offered to join RCA Records, he signed to Mercury Records in 2003.

Currington founded the Global South Relief organization which delivers supplies to those in need in Central American countries.

Billy Currington (2003–2004)
Currington's self-titled debut album was released in September 2003. The album's first single was "Walk a Little Straighter". This song is about his relationship with his alcoholic stepfather, including a chorus that Currington wrote when he was just 12 years old. "Walk a Little Straighter" went to No.8 that year on the Hot Country Songs chart. Also, it allowed Currington to become a major country performer in Nashville. The second single from the album, "I Got a Feelin,' became the singer's first Top 5 on the US country charts, with a peak at No.5.

He scored a third consecutive top 10 hit with Shania Twain in late 2004 with the song "Party for Two". The song was from Twain's Greatest Hits album and was released in two formats: a pop version with Mark McGrath as Twain's duet partner, and the country version, which featured Currington.

Doin' Somethin' Right (2005–2007)
In 2005, Currington released his second studio album Doin' Somethin' Right, which peaked at No.2 on the Top Country Albums chart and at No.11 on the Billboard 200. This album produced his first number one hit with "Must Be Doin' Somethin' Right", followed by "Why, Why, Why" at No.13 and another number one hit with "Good Directions". Co-written by Capitol Records artist Luke Bryan, "Good Directions" was the No.2 country song of 2007 according to the Billboard Year-End charts. Doin' Somethin' Right was certified platinum by the RIAA. The album also featured "Lucille", a song that Currington covered from original artist Kenny Rogers.

Little Bit of Everything (2007–2009)
On July 19, 2007, Currington announced that he would cancel the rest of his tour dates for the year because of laryngitis. His 2007 single, "Tangled Up", peaked at No.30 in late 2007, and the release of his third studio album was delayed.

He was absent from the charts for nearly a year before the release of his next single, "Don't", in mid-2008. That song was the first single from his third studio album, which was entitled Little Bit of Everything. The album was released on October 14. Currington co-wrote five of the songs on it. "Don't" peaked at No.2 on the country charts in early 2009. "People Are Crazy", co-written by Bobby Braddock and Troy Jones, was released as the second single from the album in March 2009 and became his third number one hit in July 2009. The third single, "That's How Country Boys Roll", became his fourth number one hit in March 2010. The song was the first that Currington shared writing credit on to reach number one.

On August 1, 2009, Currington suffered a concussion at the Big Valley Jamboree in Camrose, Alberta after the stage on which he was performing collapsed during a massive wind storm that also injured the singer's bass guitarist and killed a spectator.

Enjoy Yourself (2010–2012)
In May 2010, Currington released his tenth single overall, "Pretty Good at Drinkin' Beer". That song hit No.1 in September. Also written by Troy Jones, it was the first single from his fourth studio album Enjoy Yourself, which was released on September 21, 2010. The album's second single "Let Me Down Easy" was released on October 4, 2010, and reached No.1 in 2011. The third single "Love Done Gone", released to country radio on April 18, 2011, and reached No.11 later that year. Its fourth single "Like My Dog" released to country radio on October 10, 2011, and peaked at No.24 in 2012.

We Are Tonight (2013–2014)
Currington's fifth studio album, We Are Tonight, was released on September 17, 2013. The album's first single, "Hey Girl", was released in March 2013. It peaked at number one on the Country Airplay chart in October of that year. The album's second single, the title track, was released on November 18, 2013. It also peaked at No.1 on the Country Airplay chart, this time in August 2014.

Summer Forever (2014–2017)
Currington released a new single, the first from his sixth studio album, in late October 2014, titled "Don't It". The album, Summer Forever, was released on June 2, 2015. The album's second single, "Drinkin' Town with a Football Problem", was released on June 8, 2015. "It Don't Hurt Like It Used To" was released on February 8, 2016, as the album's third single. It reached number one on Country Airplay in October 2016, remaining in that spot for two consecutive weeks. The album's fourth single, "Do I Make You Wanna", was released on November 21, 2016. The song reached number one on the Country Airplay chart in August 2017 and stayed there for three consecutive weeks, making it Currington's third number-one single from this album. "Wake Me Up", the album's fifth and final single, was released in September 2017.

Intuition (2018–present)
"Bring It On Over" was released to country radio on September 24, 2018. It debuted and peaked at No.29 on the Billboard Country Airplay charts. "Details" was released in 2019 and was also a minor top 40 hit on the same chart. The Stay Up 'Til the Sun Tour began on October 4, 2019, in Arizona and included nine concerts in total. He ended the tour in Florida.

Currington's seventh studio album, Intuition, was released on August 6, 2021. Currington co-wrote the album with producer Rob Persaud. It was a surprise release, in that it was not announced with advance warning and no new singles were released prior to the album to promote it, nor did it include either of his previous standalone singles. Intuition serves as a musical departure from his previous work as it was not marketed as a country album and instead drew inspirations from "synth pop, Eighties R&B, and tropical house".

Personal life
On April 24, 2013, the Chatham County, Georgia, Grand Jury indicted Currington on felony criminal charges of "abuse of an elder person by inflicting mental anguish" and "making terroristic threats". Both criminal charges stemmed from an incident involving boat captain Charles Harvey Ferrelle on April 15, 2013. The indictment alleged that Currington had made terrorist threats to Ferrelle. Currington was later released from a Georgia jail after posting $27,700 bond. Had he been convicted, Currington would have faced a prison term of 1 to 5 years. Also, on April 26, 2013, as a result of negative press surrounding the indictment incident, the Charlotte Motor Speedway replaced Currington as a performer for its All Star pre-race entertainment. He entered a "not guilty" plea in August 2013.

On September 25, 2013, Currington pleaded no contest to the abuse charge; the terroristic threats charge was dropped. Currington was sentenced to five years probation, a $1,000 fine, and anger management counseling; he was also required to have no contact with the boat captain.

Discography

 * Studio albums
 * Billy Currington (2003)
 * Doin' Somethin' Right (2005)
 * Little Bit of Everything (2008)
 * Enjoy Yourself (2010)
 * We Are Tonight (2013)
 * Summer Forever (2015)
 * Intuition (2021)

Tours
Headlining
 * Summer Forever Tour (2016)
 * Stay Up 'Til The Sun (2017, 2019)

Supporting
 * Play On Tour with Carrie Underwood (2010)
 * Play On Tour With Kenny Chesney Goin’ Coastal Tour (2011)
 * Take Me Downtown Tour with Lady Antebellum (2014)
 * Shotgun Rider Tour with Tim McGraw (2015)

title: Billy Currington


text:
Nationalist Democratic Movement

The Nationalist Democratic Movement was a political party based in the Nagaland, India. It was recognised as a state party and its chief was K. L. Chishi. The party symbol was a torch (flashlight). It merged with BJP.

title: Nationalist Democratic Movement


text:
Talk:Lohardaga district

A request to all the fellow Wikipedians interested in the development of contents of this page: I shall be adding (say, by end-April/ early-May 2006) some more contents to this page. If some one may add a map and picture/s, the page shall become better. Thanks. --Bhadani 13:05, 15 March 2006 (UTC)

WP:INDIA Banner/Jharkhand workgroup Addition
WP India with Jharkhand workgroup parameters was added to this article talk page because the article falls under Category:Jharkhand or one of its subcategories. Should you feel this addition is inappropriate, please undo my changes and update/remove the relavent categories to the article --  TinuCherian  (Wanna Talk?) - 10:36, 20 June 2008 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Lohardaga district


text:
John Seymour (author)

John Seymour (12 June 1914 – 14 September 2004) was a British author and pioneer in the self-sufficiency movement. In 1976, he wrote The Complete Book of Self-Sufficiency.

He had multiple roles as a writer, broadcaster, environmentalist, agrarian, smallholder and activist; a rebel against: consumerism, industrialisation, genetically modified organisms, cities, motor cars; an advocate for: self-reliance, personal responsibility, self-sufficiency, conviviality (food, drink, dancing and singing), gardening, caring for the Earth and for the soil.

Early life
Seymour was born in Hampstead, London, England; His father was Albert Angus Turbayne, a skilled bookbinder and designer. His parents separated and his mother, Christine Owens, remarried and the family moved to the seaside town of Frinton-on-Sea in north-east Essex. It was however surrounded by agricultural land, and the life led by those on the land and in small boats laid a foundation for his later vision of a simple cottage economy with farming and fishing providing the essentials of life.

After schooling in England and Switzerland, he studied agriculture at Wye College, In 1934, at the age of 20, he went to Southern Africa where he held a succession of jobs: a farmhand and then manager of a sheep farm, a deckhand and skipper of a snoek fishing boat operating from Namibia (then South-West Africa) along the Skeleton Coast, a copper mine worker in Zambia (then Northern Rhodesia), and a worker for the government veterinary service. Whilst in Africa he spent some time with bushmen where he gained friendship and an insight into the life of hunter gatherers.

1939 to 1951
At the start of World War II in 1939, Seymour travelled to Kenya where he enlisted in the Kenya Regiment, and was posted to the King's African Rifles. He fought against Italian troops in the Abyssinian Campaign in Ethiopia. The regiment was then posted to Sri Lanka (formerly Ceylon) and afterwards to Burma, where allied forces were fighting against Japan. For Seymour the war ended on a low note; he expressed his disgust when the Allies used nuclear bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

On his return to Britain after the war Seymour worked for a while on a Thames sailing barge 'Cambria', skippered by Bob Roberts, operating around the south and east coasts of England, where he picked up the folk songs of a disappearing occupation. After working as a labour officer for the War Agricultural Executive Committee finding agricultural work for German prisoners of war who had still not returned home, he started writing and broadcasting on the BBC Home Service. He travelled overland to India for the BBC, gaining experience of the Subsistence agriculture still common in eastern Europe and Asia. His experiences on that journey led to his first book, The Hard Way to India, published in 1951.

The Smallholdings
Seymour was living aboard a Dutch sailing smack when he married Sally Medworth, an Australian potter and artist in 1954. In this they travelled around the waterways and rivers of England, journeys later described in Sailing through England. As their first daughter grew older they felt that a land-base would be more suitable. They leased two isolated cottages on 5 acre of land near Orford in Suffolk. These 5-acres are still called Seymour's Bit by the current owner. The manner in which they developed self-sufficiency on this smallholding is recounted in The Fat of the Land (1961). At the end of the 1960s, Seymour, along with other radical voices like Herbert Read, Edward Goldsmith, Leopold Kohr and Fritz Schumacher, provided a stream of articles for the journal Resurgence edited from 1966 to 1970 by John Papworth.

In 1964 the family moved to a farm near Newport, Pembrokeshire. The 1970s saw Seymour's publication rate reach its peak. In 1973 John and Sally wrote Self-Sufficiency and in 1976 The Complete Book of Self-Sufficiency was published. Appearing shortly after the publication of E.F. Schumacher's Small Is Beautiful: A Study of Economics As If People Mattered (1973) and The Good Life's first showing on British television (1975), the sales of the book exceeded all expectations. It was also set to establish the reputation of two young publishers, Christopher Dorling and Peter Kindersley who had commissioned and edited the work. In addition to self-sufficiency he wrote four guide books in the Companion Guide series.

John also made many television programmes: an early series followed the footsteps of George Borrow's Wild Wales (1862). In the early 1980s he spent three years making the BBC series Far From Paradise (with Herbert Girardet) which examined the history of human impact on the environment.

His farm in Wales welcomed visitors seeking guidance on the smallholder's life, a project which continued when he moved to County Wexford in Ireland. Here in 1999 he was taken to court for destroying a crop of GM sugar beet. For the last years of his life, he lived back on his old Pembrokeshire farm with his daughter's family. He died there on 14 September 2004 and is buried in the top field in an orchard that he planted.

Legacy
His obituary in the Guardian said:
 * John was as much at home in the humblest house on a hillside, as in the manor house of landed gentry. He was like a force of nature, always willing to listen, always interested in learning about new — or very old — ways of working the land. He was a one-man rebellion against modernism. Herbert Girardet, 2005.

title: John Seymour (author)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Jeff Cook Effect

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. Redwolf24 (talk) 03:44, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

Jeff Cook Effect
Non-notable original research. The Wikipedia isn't supposed to be a mirror for dubious sites like www.americanantigravity.com, www.electrogravity.com, or jlnlabs.online.fr. Not primarily relevant to VfD, but of course it's totally at odds with physics.

 * Delete --Pjacobi 08:29, August 21, 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete nn pseudoscience. ManoaChild 08:48, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Deleting this drivel because it's pseudoscience would be wrong IMHO. The article does have a POV problem, but this is noted and tagged accordingly. I don't particularily want this to be in Wikipedia but I feel it needs to be. --Lomedae 13:57, August 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment sounds like a "Searle Effect" rip off to me (1940s anti grav experiments). Alf 15:03, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not because it's pseudoscience, but because it is completely non-notable pseudoscience. Sdedeo 16:31, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, non-notable hoax Salsb 12:16, August 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:Gumla district

Untitled
A request to all the fellow Wikipedians interested in the development of contents of this page: I shall be adding (say, by end-April/ early-May 2006) some more contents to this page. If some one may add a map and picture/s, the page shall become better. Thanks. --Bhadani 13:00, 15 March 2006 (UTC)

WP:INDIA Banner/Jharkhand workgroup Addition
WP India with Jharkhand workgroup parameters was added to this article talk page because the article falls under Category:Jharkhand or one of its subcategories. Should you feel this addition is inappropriate, please undo my changes and update/remove the relavent categories to the article --  TinuCherian  (Wanna Talk?) - 10:22, 20 June 2008 (UTC)

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text:
Pertec

Pertec Computer Corporation (PCC), formerly Peripheral Equipment Corporation (PEC), was a computer company based in Chatsworth, California which originally designed and manufactured peripherals such as floppy drives, tape drives, instrumentation control and other hardware for computers.

Pertec's most successful products were hard disk drives and tape drives, which were sold as OEM to the top computer manufacturers, including IBM, Siemens and DEC. Pertec manufactured multiple models of seven and nine-track half-inch tape drives with densities 800CPI (NRZI) and 1600CPI (PE) and phase-encoding formatters, which were used by myriad original equipment manufacturers as I/O devices for their product lines.

In the 1970s, Pertec entered the computer industry through several acquisitions of computer producers and started manufacturing and marketing mostly minicomputers for data processing and pre-processing. This split up Pertec into two companies. Pertec Peripherals Corporation (PPC), which remained based in Chatsworth, California, and Pertec Computer Corporation (PCC), which was located at 17112 Armstrong Avenue, in Irvine, California.

Pertec and MITS
Pertec bought MITS, the manufacturers of the MITS Altair computer, for US$6.5 million in 1976. This purchase was motivated mainly by the ownership of the Microsoft BASIC sources and general license that Pertec erroneously assumed to be included in the deal. They also acquired iCOM Microperipherals, makers of computer peripherals, in the same year. They believed that these acquisitions would change them from selling computers mostly for hobbyists, to selling them for small businesses.

Pertec changed their name, after the acquisition of MITS, from Pertec Corporation to Pertec Computer Corporation to "be more reflective of the company's present position and to clearly state our future direction".

As a result of the acquisition, Pertec became involved in the manufacturing of microprocessor-based computers. Their first models were expanded versions of the Altair models, typically coupled to the existing disk-drive range. Despite initially good sales, the Altair's 8080 CPU was becoming increasingly outdated, so Pertec decided to retire the Altair as well as the MITS name itself.

In 1978, the company launched the first of its own designs, the PCC-2000. This was based on two Intel 8085 series microprocessors: one of which was given over to I/O control. Being a high end machine, it was intended to be the core of what would now be described as a workgroup. The machine was intended to support four "dumb" terminals connected via RS-232 serial lines, in addition to its internal console. The basic machine had twin 8-inch floppy drives, each capable of storing 1.2 megabytes and could link to two Pertec twin 14-inch disk drives, giving a total of 22.4 megabytes of storage, which was a very large amount for the time. The system was generally supplied with a multi-user operating system called MTX, which included a BASIC interpreter that was similar to Business Basic. The PCC-2000 was also available with MITS DOS or CP/M. In the UK, several systems were run under BOS. Unfortunately, the PCC-2000 was too expensive for the market and was never a great success.

Pertec/MITS 300
The MITS 300 was the first product built and released by the Pertec after their acquisition of MITS in 1977. They produced the 300/25 and the 300/55. Both were fully integrated systems that included both hardware and software in one package. The 300/25 used Pertec floppy diskette drives and the 300/55 added Pertec DC-3000 14-inch hard disk. The system consists of the MITS 2nd generation Altair 8800 (or Altair 8800b) computer with hard drive controller and MITS datakeeper storage system. The complete 300/55 business system sold for $15,950 and included the Altair 8800b with 64k of dynamic RAM, a CRT terminal and a desk. The system was designed to handle a variety of business applications including word processing, inventory control and accounting. This system was prone to overheating and had a very short life span.

The new system allowed for MITS peripherals including Altair Floppy Disc, Altair Line Printer, Teletypewriter, and the Altair CRT terminal. The printer was a bidirectional Mits/Altair C-700 that could print 60 characters/second and 26 lines/minute.

Pertec PCC-2100
Pertec's primary line of computer products was aimed at the key-to-disk minicomputer systems that were used as front-end data processors for the IBM 360/370 and similar systems. This line was opened in the first half of the 1970s by the Pertec PCC-2100 data entry system, which was essentially different from the PCC-2000 mentioned above. The system was able to serve up to 16 coaxial terminals, two D3000 disk drives and one T1640 tape drive.

Pertec XL-40
Pertec XL-40, introduced in 1977, was a more successful successor of Pertec PCC-2100. The XL-40 machine used custom 16-bit processors built from the TI3000 or AMD2900 slices, up to 512 KB operating memory and dedicated master-capable DMA controllers for tape units, floppy and rigid disk units, printers, card reader and terminals.

The maximum configuration came in two different versions. One featured four T1600 / T1800 tape units (manufactured by Pertec), two floppy disk units (manufactured by IBM or Pertec) and four D1400 / D3400 rigid disk units (4.4, 8.8, 17.6 MB formatted capacity, manufactured by Pertec or Kennedy). The other one featured two large capacity disk units (up to 70 MB formatted capacity, manufactured by Kennedy or NEC), one line printer connected through long-line interface (DataProducts LP600, LP1200, B300, Printronix P300, P600), four station printers connected through coaxial cable (Centronics), one card reader (Pertec), four SDLC communication channels and 30 proprietary coax terminals (Model 4141 with 40x12 characters or Model 4143 with 80x25 characters).

The system was mainly used for key-to-disk operations to replace the previously popular IBM card punches and more advanced key-to-tape systems manufactured for example by Mohawk Data Sciences (MDS) or Singer. In addition to the basic key-to-disk function, the proprietary operating system, called XLOS, supported indexed file operations for on-line transaction processing even with data journaling. The system was programmed in two different ways. The data entry was either described in several tables that specified the format of the input record with optional automatic data validation procedures or the indexed file operations were programmed in a special COBOL dialect with IDX and SEQ file support.

System maintenance operations were performed in a protected supervisor mode; the system supported batched operations in the supervisor mode through the use of batch files that specified operator selections. The operating system interacted with the user through a series of prompts with automatic on-screen explanations and default selections, probably the ultimate user-friendliness achievable in text-only human-computer interaction. The XL-40 was also marketed by Triumph-Adler in Europe as TA1540, the beginning of a relationship that would eventually see a merger of the two companies.

Pertec 3200
Pertec's final in-house computer design was a complete departure, the MC68000-based Series 3200. The primary operating system was an in-house developed multi-tasking, multi-user operating system, but it could also run Unix. As with the XL40, Triumph-Adler marketed the system in Europe under their own brand with the model name MSX 3200 (There were four models, eventually, in the Triumph-Adler series: 3200, 3220, 3230 and 3240). The key to disk application from the XL40 was re-implemented on the 3200. The other main application was a BASIC language driven database, similar to the ones used by MAI Basic Four or Pick operating system. These BASIC database business systems would be purchased by outside companies that bundled the PCC 3200 with their software to provide a complete small business package (accounts payable, accounts receivable, payroll, inventory, sales tracking, taxes, etc.) customized for specific businesses.

The 3200 was extremely advanced for the time, being intended to support up to 32 users, all using intelligent Z80-based terminals, each of which could optionally run CP/M attached to the 3200's high speed coax cable. Later an ISA bus to 3200 coax interface was made for the PC, and this allowed the usage of PC's as smart terminals for the 3200 or as networked systems running MS-DOS. It was the first Pertec product to support the emerging "Winchester" standard for miniature hard disks.

Eventual fate
Soon after the introduction of the 3200, Pertec Computer Corporation was purchased by Triumph-Adler, from 2010 owned by Kyocera. Later, PCC was acquired by Scan-Optics in February 1987. During the transition from systems based on custom-made CPUs to CPUs made by Intel and Motorola, prices for these systems dropped dramatically, but without an offsetting increase in demand, and eventually companies such as PCC slowly dwindled away to small remnants of their peak days in the mid-1980s, or were bought out by larger companies.

Pertec's PPC magnetic tape interface standard of the early 1970s rapidly became an industry-wide standard and is still in use by tape drive manufacturers today. Similarly, its PERTEC disk interface was an industry standard for pre-Winchester disk drives of the 1970s.

title: Pertec


text:
User talk:Zahiri

Possibly unfree Image:Lalejin.jpg
An image that you uploaded or altered, Image:Lalejin.jpg, has been listed at Possibly unfree images because its copyright status is disputed. If the image's copyright status cannot be verified, it may be deleted. Please go to its page for more information if you are interested in it not being deleted. Thank you. MetsBot 20:05, 9 December 2006 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:VahidZahiri.jpg
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Green Movement
Pls put this userbox in your user page if you support Green Movement of Iran and send it to your friends in Wiki. sign]]
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 * }

Thanks for uploading Image:VahidZahiri.jpg. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the media also doesn't have a copyright tag then you must also add one. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then you can use GFDL-self to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media qualifies as fair use, please read fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other media, please check that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Dethomas 06:01, 11 March 2006 (UTC)

Hi.
Please honor Copyright act! Hossein.ir 20:39, 25 June 2006 (UTC)
 * ). joker 19:46, 24 December 2006 (UTC)

Pls put this userbox in your user page if you support Green Movement of Iran.

PLS HELP
با سلام، شما یکی از مدیران ویکی پدیای فارسی هستید، کاربر بهزاد مدرس که گویا از مدیران ویکی پدیای فارسی است طی یک در گیری نوشتاری بین ما و به دلایل کاملا شخصی اش و نه قانونی، دیکتاتور مابانه حساب کاربری من را برای همیشه کاملا بست ظاهرا به مذاقش خوش نیامد! در حالیکه در بحث درگرفته در صفحه بحث ایشان، کاربرانی با من هم عقیده بودند. جالب آنکه جوابیه مرا هم از صفحه بحث خود دیلت کرده تا مبادا کسی ببیند و فقط از آرشیو " ۳۰ ژانویهٔ ۲۰۱۰، ساعت ۱۳:۰۰ " قابل دسترسی است. با توجه به اینکه این کار بسیار مغرضانه و دیکتاتور مابانه بوده که شایسته ویکی پدیا به هیچوجه نیست و با توجه به اینکه ویکی پدیای فارسی هیئت داوری ندارد!!! لطفا به من کمک کنید که چه میتوانم بکنم در برابر این اقدام مغرضانه شخصی؟ -کاربر:Pournick

کسی هست جلوی این به اصطلاح مدیر دیکتاتور (بهزاد مدرس) بایستد و حق مارا بستاند؟
این به اصطلاح مدیر (بهزاد مدرس) در کمتر از 14 روز 14 کاربر را بی پایان بسته است!!! بعضی روزها بیش از یک کاربر را بی پایان میبندد!!! ظاهرا دست به خفه کردن صداهای مخالفش خوب است! مثل تمام دیکتاتورها. چه کسی باید به این دیکتاتور بگوید: "ایست" قبل از اینکه خیلی دیر شود؟

title: User talk:Zahiri


text: User talk:84.217.1.63

title: User talk:84.217.1.63


text:
Talk:Simdega district

Untitled
A request to all the fellow Wikipedians interested in the development of contents of this page: I shall be adding (say, by end-April/ early-May 2006) some more contents to this page. If some one may add a map and picture/s, the page shall become better. Thanks. --Bhadani 13:08, 15 March 2006 (UTC)

WP:INDIA Banner/Jharkhand workgroup Addition
WP India with Jharkhand workgroup parameters was added to this article talk page because the article falls under Category:Jharkhand or one of its subcategories. Should you feel this addition is inappropriate, please undo my changes and update/remove the irrelavent categories to the article --  TinuCherian  (Wanna Talk?) - 10:53, 20 June 2008 (UTC)

We should specify the meaning of 'blocks' within the articles
I mean, as a reader these may cause some confusion since the word 'block' has a number of meanings and we should specify the meaning in this context (I presume they are Community development blocks).

title: Talk:Simdega district


text: User talk:68.199.55.48

title: User talk:68.199.55.48


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Breakscore

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Copyvio, tagged and bagged. Redwolf24 (talk) 03:52, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

Breakscore
Non-notable game, advertising, probably copied from a pamphlet somewhere. Zoe 08:31, August 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * 'Delete as copyvio. It was copy & pasted from http://www.breakscore.com main page -maclean25 08:33, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Medial geniculate nucleus

The medial geniculate nucleus (MGN) or medial geniculate body (MGB) is part of the auditory thalamus and represents the thalamic relay between the inferior colliculus (IC) and the auditory cortex (AC). It is made up of a number of sub-nuclei that are distinguished by their neuronal morphology and density, by their afferent and efferent connections, and by the coding properties of their neurons. It is thought that the MGN influences the direction and maintenance of attention.

Divisions
The MGN has three major divisions; ventral (VMGN), dorsal (DMGN) and medial (MMGN). Whilst the VMGN is specific to auditory information processing, the DMGN and MMGN also receive information from non-auditory pathways.

Cell types
There are two main cell types in the ventral subnucleus of the medial geniculate body (VMGN):
 * Thalamocortical relay cells (or principal neurons): The dendritic input to these cells comes from two sets of dendritic trees oriented on opposite poles of the cell. The long axis of the relay cells lie parallel to each other running superior-inferiorly with the dendritic trees of cells within the same iso-frequency band overlapping. This is similar to the dendritic organization of the IC, but with a different orientation. The dendrites of relay cells form a synaptic nest with ascending axons from the inferior colliculus and intrathalamic interneurons. In this synapse, relay cells are excited by input from the IC axons. At the same time, they are inhibited by dendritic synapses from the interneurons of the VMGB. This type of synaptic nesting is characteristic of other regions in the thalamus as well.
 * Intrathalamic Interneurons: These interneurons provide inhibitory (GABA) input to the relay cells at the synaptic nests. The target of their axons however, is not clear. Some interneurons appear to target relay cells, while others target other interneurons. There is also at least one type of interneuron that appears to not be involved in the synaptic nests.

Function
The VMGN is thought to be primarily responsible for relaying frequency, intensity and binaural information to the cortex. The responses in the VMGN appear to be organized in a tonotopically similar way to those in the IC. The primary difference being that the iso-frequency bands are arranged such that lateral regions are most responsive to low frequencies and medial regions are responsive to high frequencies. Spatiotopic and modulotopic maps (as in the IC) however have not been well supported by mammalian studies. Both monaural (10%) and binaural cells (90%) exist in the MGN. The monaural cells are primarily responsive to sound in the contralateral hemifield. Binaural cells are typically similar to the EE or EI type found in the IC.

Definitions of abbreviations

IC = Inferior colliculus

EE (Excitatory excitatory) type neurons are characterized by excitatory responses to monaural stimulations of both ears. This response may either be higher than the monaural response (EE– facilitation) Or lower (EE– occlusion)

EI (Excitatory inhibitory) type neurons Are characterized by monaural excitation (usually from the contralateral ear). The ipsilateral neuron is inhibited when contralateral ear is stimulated at the same time

Cell types
There are a large number of cell types present in the dorsal subnucleus of the medial geniculate body (DMGN):

At least two principal cell types have been found, along with two distinct types of interneurons. Several sub-nuclei have been identified based on morphology. No frequency-specific layering has been found in the DMGN.

Function
Many types of responses are present in the DMGB that appear to vary by sub-nuclei. Generally, the responses are broadly tuned, but some cells appear to respond only to complex stimuli. Other cells are multi modal, often responding to somatosensory as well as auditory stimuli.

Cell types
Cells in the medial subnucleus of the medial geniculate body (MMGN) have large irregular shaped dendritic trees. There is no clear segregation based on the source of these inputs.

Function
The MMGN seems to functionally be responsible for detection of the relative intensity and duration of a sound. It shows a wide range of responses to auditory stimuli. Binaural interactions found in the MMGN include EE, EI, and IE types. Both broadly and narrowly tuned cells have been observed. A type of intensity tuning has also been observed. In this type of cell, the response actually decreases as sound intensity increases above a specific level. Almost all cells in the MMGN appear to respond for the duration of the stimulus, and have very little adaptation. Individual cells still appear to be preferentially tuned to certain frequencies, but they often have more than one and are broadly tuned within these cell frequencies. It is not clear whether there truly is one, none, or many tonotopic organizations maps present in the MMGN. Anaesthetics tend to have large effects on cells within the MMGN, making responses difficult to study. Finally, the behaviour of MMGN cells are complicated by the fact that sensory stimulation from other modalities modifies the responsiveness of many, but not all, cells in the MMGN.

title: Medial geniculate nucleus


text:
Talk:Palamu district

A request to all the fellow Wikipedians interested in the development of contents of this page: I shall be adding (say, by end-April/ early-May 2006) some more contents to this page. If some one may add a map and picture/s, the page shall become better. Thanks. --Bhadani 13:07, 15 March 2006 (UTC)

WP:INDIA Banner/Jharkhand workgroup Addition
WP India with Jharkhand workgroup parameters was added to this article talk page because the article falls under Category:Jharkhand or one of its subcategories. Should you feel this addition is inappropriate, please undo my changes and update/remove the irrelavent categories to the article --  TinuCherian  (Wanna Talk?) - 10:44, 20 June 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
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Palamu Language
1. Introduction 1.1	The name of the language

The name Palmuwa for this particular language is yet to be recognized by the official authorities. In the Ethnologue it is listed as Kherwar. This phonology write up and the survey report will be the supporting factors for getting it done. Kherwar is one the tribes that speak this regional language along with other people groups. This language can come under Indo Aryan group of languages.

1.2	Previous research No previous research was done on this Palmuwa language in analysing its grammar. In 2015 phonology was done by the same researcher.

1.3	Demography Palmuwa is the regional language for Palamu, Garhwa and some parts of Latehar districts in southern part of Jharkhand. Palmuwa is not a people group name rather it is a name of the language spoken by more than thirty people groups in these three districts. This includes Lohara, Bhuiya, Dhusad, Mahali, Badahai, Dhanuk, Khori, Chamar, Baniya, Malak, Kherwar, Chero, Pandit, Halwai, Julha, Kumar, Bhumihar, Kahar, Nuniya, Ahir, Takoor, Rajput, Dhobbi, Munda, Kharia, Gadari. These people groups live in this region and speak Palmuwa as their mother tongue. The Oraon people speak Palmuwa as a language of wider communication. 1.3.1	Map(s)

1.3.2	History/migrations

The major people groups of these three districts were Kherwar and Chero. Then a huge migration happened in the last two centuries. It is so amazing that more than 30 people groups are there in these three districts. So the language is mixed in the course of time and formed as a new variety. This unscripted language is misunderstood as Magahi and it is not accepted by the Jharkhand government as one of the 9 official languages in Jharkhand. In the 2011 census the local government authorities told the survey team to write Palmuwa as the language for Palamu, Garhwa and some parts of Latehar. This is a positive sign from the authorities. This language is used in all the domains except in Christian worship. One FM channel broadcasting from Palamu district is entirely on this local Palmuwa language. But in schools Hindi is the medium for academics. The phonology, Grammar analysis, the oral stories and Jesus Film will play the crucial role in recognizing and naming this particular language. Men are more bilingual than the women in these areas.

1.4	Literary traditions The Palmuwa language was completely an oral language until the phonological analysis and orthography which was later followed by the drafting of the Gospel of Luke. There are lots of fairy tales and songs are being circulated orally through generations. Since many of the people were the freedom fighters, songs which praise their bravery are also available in oral tradition.

1.5	Dialects This language is related to the Bihari languages Magahi and Bhojpuri but it is not the same. Of course the influence of these languages is there in Palmuwa language. The influence of Bhojpuri is more in the district of Garhwa while the district of Palamu is more influenced by the Magahi language. Those influences result in a few dialectical variations too. So majorly there are two dialectical variations for this language.

1.6 Sociolinguistic situation 1.6.1 Multilingualism and language attitudes

The Palmuwa language is the regional language for all the people who live in these three districts. Even though people are bilingual with Hindi they use Palmuwa in all the domains. The 75% percentage of the women is monolingual. But men are bilingual since they go for work in other states. There are many English medium schools also emerging in these areas these days. So children are becoming multilingual in the sense. Average literacy rate of Palamu in 2011 were 63.63 compared to 61.15 of 2001. Male and female literacy were 74.30 and 52.09 respectively. Average literacy rate of Garhwa in 2011 were 60.33 compared to 39.21 of 2001 and female literacy were 72.19 and 47.58 respectively. Average literacy rate of Latehar in 2011 were 59.51 compared to 40.69 of 2001 and at gender wise, male and female literacy were 69.97 and 48.68 respectively.

1.6.2 Contexts of use and language choice The Palmuwa is being used in almost all the domains like home, market, schools, religious places etc. Even though all the school materials are in Hindi teachers tend to use Palmuwa as their medium of teaching.

1.6.3 Viability The viability of this language is very high since all people including children, youngsters, and women are speaking this language in all the domains. 1.6.4 Loan words Languages like Magahi, Bhojpuri, Khorta which come under the old Chhotanagpur region share some Hindi vocabularies with difference in pronunciation.

title: Talk:Palamu district


text:
Lalhmingthanga

 Pu Lalhmingthanga (born 3 June 1940) is an Indian politician who is the chief of the Mizoram People's Conference, a recognised political party in the Indian state of Mizoram. He was a member of the Mizoram Legislative Assembly representing Lunglei South (Legislative Assembly constituency) in 2003–2008.

title: Lalhmingthanga


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kitty Goddard

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. Redwolf24 (talk) 03:35, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

Kitty Goddard
This is one of several pages being created by 13 yr old Ryan Moore of IP 220.240.152.145 to promote a film he wants to make. Delete Corey.spring 08:32, August 21, 2005 (UTC) All the stuff I written is real and relevant. It does exsist and you have you information wrong. OK then I understand if u wanna wait 'till it comes out but calling it vanity is rude and I would apperciate an apology BTW it is not several pages it is 3 relevant pages
 * Delete, see Ryan Moore and Blood Line. Zoe 08:38, August 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Marskell 08:40, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. nn actress. ManoaChild 08:42, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, nn. —Cryptic (talk) 10:15, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete --Agamemnon2 10:56, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn, vanity.--Lomedae 12:10, August 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn, vanity. --DrTorstenHenning 13:22, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn until she's been in a movie that has been released. -- BD2412 talk 17:41, August 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn Dottore So 19:09, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete vvv nn. Alai 20:40, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. You might want to check our definition of a vanity page, and reconsider your demand for an apology. --DrTorstenHenning 06:52, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

I continue to demand an apology
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.