text:
Talk:Jus soli

Application of "Jus Soli" to legal and illegal immigrants
Jus Soli does not solely apply to illegal immigration. There are nations such as Germany which in the past denied jus soli to the children of legal immigrants. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Voss749 (talk • contribs) 19:01, 10 February 2012 (UTC)

One of the problems is whether jus soli could be conceptualized to reward illegal behavior. If a pregnant woman breaks America's immigration law, can she be rewarded by giving her child born here with automatic American citizenship when so many other parts of the globe don't engage in rewarding illegal behavior that way. It is a serious issue ripe for serious discussion, not politicizing. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 216.49.27.38 (talk • contribs) 18:30, 26 May 2022 (UTC)

Today's...?
"However, today's increase of migrants has somewhat blurred the lines between these two antagonistic sources of right." Should this article sound like a college student wrote it? —Preceding unsigned comment added by SpaghettiHat (talk • contribs) 06:27, 20 November 2010 (UTC) SpaghettiHat (talk) 06:37, 20 November 2010 (UTC)

Embassies
I thought that embassies were considered territory of the state whose embassy it is (rather than of that in which it is physically) for all purposes, which would make this "exception" just another manifestation of this rule. --Random|832 15:38, 2005 August 19 (UTC)
 * Yes, but how many child are born inside the actual embassy as oppose to in a hospital close to the embassy or consul? -- KTC 03:08, 5 September 2005 (UTC)

Lex soli?
What is the source for the lex soli claim? I haven't heard of this legal term. I tried looking it up on the internet and everything points back to WP. Can someone explain difference b/t Jus soli and Lex soli? Rhallanger 04:59, 11 December 2005 (UTC)

"Jus" is a general term and means "right". "Lex" refers to a specific legislative act and means "law". I hope that helps.

--Silvano 18:31, 7 August 2006 (UTC)

It does exist, it stems from the Latin. The article referred to it as 'right of the soil' this is so far off its ridiculous and its been followed like a bad meme since on other sites who don't know that soli means sun. While sun is clearly more metaphorical, its just the way the phrase developed, you either have citizenship by blood 'jus sanguinis' / or based on the place where you were born (figuratively where the sun is shining, though obviously not LITERALLY where it is currently shining because that would be half the world) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Cw1865 (talk • contribs) 06:02, 29 July 2009 (UTC)

 * Ah yes, some random person on the Internet knows Latin better than the folks at Merriam-Webster (I can't be bother to search for more). jae (talk) 19:26, 9 May 2023 (UTC)

First principles
This whole article could do with clarification. I feel it relies on having a general knowledge of Latin and a specific knowledge of how the two systems came into being. Most readers, I feel, would benefit from having the difference explained before a detailed explanation of the Jus soli.86.144.129.166 23:03, 2 April 2007 (UTC)

Abolition of Jus Soli?
A number of countries have abolished rules which granted automatic citizenship to children born in the country:

 * United Kingdom : 1 January 1983
 * Australia : 20 August 1986
 * Republic of Ireland : 1 January 2005
 * New Zealand : 1 January 2006

However these countries have not moved to Jus sanguinis as they do not require the parent to be a citizen of the country in order for a child born in the country to be a citizen. Instead it is enough for the parent to be a permanent resident of the country in question, or a long term legal resident in the case of the Republic of Ireland.

On this basis it's more accurate to state that these countries have modified Jus Soli rather than abolished it. JAJ 04:07, 19 February 2006 (UTC)

Although most legal experts in the USA probably do agree that jus soli citizenship is guaranteed by the 14th Amendment and could be modified only through a constitutional amendment, a small but vocal minority reject this claim and believe such changes could be accomplished by Congressional legislation. A handful of bills along such lines are routinely introduced in Congress, though none have ever gotten anywhere. Some opponents of jus soli in the USA apparently hope to provoke the Supreme Court to repudiate its 1898 ruling in the Wong Kim Ark case, which held that the 14th Amendment required US-born children of foreigners to be treated as citizens. Richwales 17:11, 25 March 2006 (UTC)

Though the map shows Romania as a country embracing Jus Soli, the text does not. Please clarify.

 * See Romanian nationality law, which links to the text of the 1991 nationality law; Romanian citizenship is granted to a) children born from Romanian citizens on Romanian territory, b) children born from one Romanian parent on Romanian territory, c) children born abroad to one or two Romanian parents, d) a child found on Romanian territory if the parents are unknown. The law says nothing of children born to non-Romanians on Romanian territory, thus not qualifying for jus soli. NumbersUSA is wrong on this count. AniRaptor2001 (talk) 03:15, 17 February 2010 (UTC)

Fiji does not grant citizenship if neither parent is a citizen of Fiji therefore it does not qualify as jus soli: Chapter 3 Citizenship ... Section 10 Citizenship by birth Every child born in Fiji on or after the date of commencement of this Constitution becomes a citizen at the date of birth unless, at the date of birth: (a) a parent of the child has the diplomatic immunity accorded to envoys of foreign sovereign powers accredited to Fiji; and (b) neither parent is a citizen. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.52.250.226 (talk) 15:46, 6 December 2012 (UTC)

 * Parts (a) and (b) are joined by the word "and", meaning that both descriptions must apply in order for the exclusion to take effect. ItsNickBarry (talk) 01:14, 21 November 2023 (UTC)

France not a Jus Soli nation
Although French nationality law is influenced by Jus soli principles, birth in France is not enough in itself to confer automatic French citizenship at birth. France is therefore not a pure Jus soli nation, rather is operates modified Jus soli principles, as the United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand have all done. JAJ 15:26, 25 March 2006 (UTC)

 * The whole article is indeed very misleading as it creates the impression that there are only two types of rights to citizenship, namely by blood or by birth. In reality there are many more, i.e. by merits or by duration of legal residence, or simply by lottery. Taking France and Germany as examples is likewise misleading since non of the both had pure birth or blood based citizenship laws. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 94.114.209.57 (talk) 14:11, 25 December 2015 (UTC)

POV
The word abuse just smacks of POV. Is anyone willing to correct it before I do? — D. Wo. 12:43, 26 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Better? Kill the NPOV banner if there's no other objects. -AndyBQ 00:09, 1 May 2006 (UTC)

deportations
I removed the section "Deportations", which was unsourced and confusing. It is inaccurate to say that a country "ignores" jus soli when it deports the noncitizen parent of a child born in its territory. --Mathew5000 17:03, 8 August 2006 (UTC)

Unclear statement
The text says:
 * Modification of jus soli has been criticized as contributing to the growing global problem of statelessness, along with the creation of social underclasses and various legal challenges in countries like Australia. For example, in Australia, children must wait ten years before they are considered equal in the eyes of the law to their peers.

It isn't clear what children are being referred to (and therefore when the ten years begins) or in what respect they are not considered equal in the eyes of the law to their peers. Does anyone have an idea what was meant here? Ondewelle (talk) 08:18, 2 June 2008 (UTC)

Who is observing jus soli?
On 14 June 2008 the user 69.136.109.247 did remove the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic from the list containing "territories and countries that observe jus soli".

- Sorry, not a country!, the user argued.

I'll change the wording of the prelude to the list from "Territories and countries that observe jus soli include" to "States and territories that observe jus soli include". Then I'll reinstate the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic on the list.

The Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic, PMR, is a secessionist state and breakaway republic from the Republic of Moldova. PMR has unilaterally declared it's independence without consent from Moldova.

Secessionist states with unilaterally declared independence are:

 * Republic of Kosovo (from Serbia)
 * Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (from Republic of Moldova).
 * Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (from the Republic of Cyprus)
 * Nagorno-Karabakh Republic (from Azerbaijan)
 * Abkhazia (from Georgia)
 * South Ossetia (from Georgia)
 * Taiwan (from the People's Republic of China)
 * Republic of Somaliland (from Somalia).

The secessionist states of above have their own national territories, citizenries, laws and authoraties. And they're exercising control over the territories of their states.

A secessionist state is observing jus soli if constituition and/or citizenship laws of said state are written accordingly. kafukafu, 15 June 2008 —Preceding comment was added at 11:47, 15 June 2008 (UTC)

I removed American Samoa, TRNC, and Transdniestria, because in the context of jus soli the concept of nationality is closely tied with public international law. A state must first have sovereignty over its territory, and nationality involves recognition of a state's citizenry. TRNC and Transdniestria can hardly have the authority to grant true nationality based on jus soli. American Samoa is part of the USA for this purpose, and I noted that Guam, CNMI, USVI and Puerto Rico are not included. Kraikk (talk) 08:06, 8 March 2009 (UTC)

Right of the soil
"Jus soli" means "right of the soil". This "right of the sun" thing is a stupidity the likes of which I've rarely seen on Wikipedia. First of all, "sol, solis" is 3rd declension and obviously has a genitive in "-is". Secondly, it makes absolutely no sense, because as far as I know the entire surface of the Earth is illuminated by the Sun. 89.136.181.58 (talk) 15:44, 30 July 2009 (UTC)

Rename jus soli -> birthright citizenship

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: No consensus, page not moved  Ron h jones (Talk) 01:01, 7 June 2010 (UTC)

Using latin terms is fine for concepts in legal procedure: habeas corpus, ex parte, and others, as well as certain legal maxims of which this is one. But I think this is a case where the Latin is antiquated and not to mention unclear, while the English translation "birthright citizenship" gets at the concept directly. "Jus soli" not only requires the novice to read the definition, but to get through an antiquated maxim that uses the word "soil" (as in "dirt") in application to a legal principle ("right"). The clarity of how we describe this principle is obfuscated, not assisted, by the older term's antiquity. The issues are "birthright" and "citizenship. "Soil" not so much. -Stevertigo (w | t | e) 00:38, 30 May 2010 (UTC)

I also challenge the claim of "antiquity"; I still see both "jus soli" and "jus sanguinis" (and the forms in "ius") in fairly regular use, even without the italicisation common to loan phrases. Knepflerle (talk) 09:25, 2 June 2010 (UTC)
 * Oppose: the proposed title is completely unsuitable because it is neither precise nor accurate enough for the topic. When read in conjunction with the article jus sanguinis, it is clear that the distinction being made is between the acquisition of nationality by location of birth and acquisition of nationality by parentage.  Either or both of these could be said to be a "birthright", and are ways of acquiring either citizenship and/or nationality; I suspect that it is for this reason that I have never seen "birthright citizenship" used in reliable sources to mean "jus soli" specifically, as the lack of accuracy would certainly obfuscate matters.  It's not a "translation" and certainly doesn't "get at the concept directly" - it almost entirely misses its point by using "birthright", and is overly restrictive by just referring to "citizenship".
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Blurred lines between jus soli and jus sanguinis
I removed a portion claiming

[There is a trend in some countries toward restricting lex soli by requiring] ".... or that the child be a foundling found on the territory of the state in question (e.g.,see subparagraph (f) of ). The primary reason for imposing this requirement is to limit or prevent people from travelling to a country with the specific intent of gaining citizenship for a child."

Clearly this is not true in the example and no country would require all its citizens by birth to be foundlings. The US law cited simply allows for the presumption of native birth if the found child is under 5 until evidence shows otherwise. I think the originator misread or didn't express this clearly. The second sentence was unsupported and frankly I think pretty clearly untrue. PantsB (talk) 21:45, 6 August 2010 (UTC)

Every-day plebiscites
I agree with some others that this article is overly abstruse. What, for example, does "an every-day plebiscite of one's appartenance to his Fatherland" mean? The word "appartenance" is in no English dictionary I consulted. And the use of the word "plebiscite" seems beyond metaphorical. Torontonian1 (talk) 21:40, 18 August 2010 (UTC)

The word he probably meant to use was "appurtenance." But in all seriousness, yes, this page does have serious problems. 222.29.51.166 (talk) 14:00, 19 May 2011 (UTC)

Plyler v. Doe
I am removing the following paragraph, as it's relevance seems to be low.

"Additional doubts about the scope of the Fourteenth Amendment were fueled by the Supreme Court's decision in Plyler v. Doe, which held that “the Fourteenth Amendment extends to anyone, citizen or stranger, who is subject to the laws of a State, and reaches into every corner of a State’s territory. That a person’s initial entry into a State, or into the United States, was unlawful, and that he may for that reason be expelled, cannot negate the simple fact of his presence within the State’s territorial perimeter.” But the Plyler Court did not address the citizenship clause in the first sentence of Section 1 of the 14th Amendment, but addressed instead the equal protection clause at the end of the second sentence. Because many readers do not notice that Plyler addressed, without analysis or history, the meaning of "within its jurisdiction", not the very different phrase "subject to the jurisdiction thereof," casual readers misunderstand the meaning of Plyler. Some careful readers have purposefully fostered this misunderstanding."

If, as the writer asserts, the decision in Plyler v. Doe was not relevant to the citizenship clause of the 14th Amendment, why mention it here? Moreover, nothing that is stated would throw any doubt on the scope of the 14th Amendment; if anything, the decision would tend to affirm it. The use of the word "additional" would imply that other doubts were mentioned previously, but the preceding paragraphs do not contain any. And the last 2 sentences really look like Birther editorializing.Gmalcolms (talk) 05:38, 15 February 2011 (UTC)

McDonald Quote on Raoul Berger - Necessary?
Second to last paragraph under Specific National Legislation - United States.

It's not entirely clear what this quote adds. It is frightfully lacking in the level of justification that it provides, amounting only to "this guy with an important-sounding title" says that past interpretations of the 14th amendment are wrong. What evidence did Berger use to justify his conclusions?

Even if it is intended to explain why some legislators find the repeal of jus soli acceptable, the fact that "it was not a tradition when initially interpreted" is not an independent justification for revocation; it is only a partial response to the argument against repeal that jus soli has been a part of American culture for more than a century. Which, by the way, is still true, even if its origins are seedier than most Americans today might believe.

As it stands, it explains nothing, and is also inexplicit about what the implications of this finding are supposed to be. That jus soli is a bad policy? That it is not constitutionally protected? That it should be repealed because it has perverse origins?

Instead, it comes off as righteous indignation intent on picking out perceived "problems" with jus soli, even if they have no real effects on what jus soli is today.

Also, on a more technical point, there is a rather blatant - and immature - appeal to authority in listing the full title of Raoul Berger's chair, made even more inappropriate by the fact that the author of the quotation is Forrest McDonald, not Berger, holder of the title in question. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 222.29.51.166 (talk) 13:55, 19 May 2011 (UTC)

Native American citizenship in the US
Currently the article's United States section states, in regards to Native Americans and citizenship:

Congress declared it policy to extend citizenship to all Aboriginal peoples in 1924, which was realized in 1968 with the Indian Civil Rights Act.

The verbiage is misleading and I'm explaining here rather than in the edit summary.

The 1924 act was explicitly passed to guarantee citizenship. In 1968 the ICRA obliged tribal legal systems - which are largely independent of the US judiciary - to extend most (but not all) of the civil rights and legal protections in the US Constitution's Bill of Rights to tribal members in tribal jurisdictions. I suspect the phrase "realized in 1968" is lifted from the citation text and was in reference to the fact that Native Americans, as US citizens, were now guaranteed (mostly) the same basic legal rights while on tribal lands as they were elsewhere in the US. To be clear, the ICRA (25 U.S.C. 1301) does not address citizenship. (Please see the WP articles and their sources for more detail.) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.20.18.189 (talk) 13:39, 21 May 2011 (UTC)

Citizenship "based on word"?
What does citizenship "based on word" mean? This is mentioned in the lead, but not explained. Does it mean based on oath? Kaldari (talk) 00:17, 19 October 2012 (UTC)
 * I've removed what seems to be an artifact of a prior edit. -- Orange Mike |  Talk  13:04, 19 October 2012 (UTC)

History section - major problems
There are major problems with this section.

1. There is a strange leap from ancient Rome to the late 18th century.

2. There is the statement: "But it was much later, when the independence of the English colonies in America, and the French Revolution, laid the foundations for jus soli ..." This misleadingly suggests that jus soli is a late 18th century innovation, but that is simply not accurate. England and Scotland, for example, had practised it since the Middle Ages. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_British_nationality_law#Early_English_and_British_nationality_law

There may well have been other countries that also practised jus soli and one cannot but wonder whether the American colonies (later the U.S.) continued English law (in a modified form) in this respect.

3. There is a paragraph contrasting the ideas of Fichte and Renan and on nationality. However, these men were concerned with concepts of nationhood in an abstract sense, with matters such as "what constitutes a nation?" and not with nationality as a legal concept. If Fichte's definition later became a signifcant influence on German nationality law, the implication of this is that previously the German states, or at least some of them, operated with something other than jus sanguinis. Incidentally, when did if first become possible to be a German citizen without being a citizen of one of the German states? As late as 1933 German passports gave details of the (German) state of which the bearer was a citizen. (This area could do with attention from an expert). Norvo (talk) 22:47, 6 September 2013 (UTC)

Modification of jus soli
It is stated under the section: Modification of Jus Solis

 * 🇩🇴 Dominican Republic: The constitution was amended on 26 January 2010 to exclude most Dominicans of Haitian origin from citizenship, even those previously recognized by the Dominican state. The new constitution broadened the definition of the 2004 migration law to exclude individuals that were "in transit" to include "non-residents" (including individuals with expired residency visas and undocumented workers).

Reason to oppose this statement:

It is given as fact that racial discrimination and exclusion of haitian citizens cite: " to exclude most Dominicans of Haitian origin from citizenship, even those previously recognized by the Dominican state" were the main cause of the modification of the Constitution. In October 2013, the Constitutional Court of the Dominican Republic ruled about how citizenship is obtained in the Dominican Republic http://tribunalconstitucional.gob.do/node/1764 and also the current Constitution (Article 18, numeral 2) defines Dominicans as:

2) Whoever holds Dominican Nationality before the application of this Constitution http://www.procuraduria.gov.do/Novedades/PGR-535.pdf.

These documents demonstrates that the current information provided by wikileaks is mere speculative and does not correspond to the truth.

Proposed modification:

I suggest starting a discussion where the current statement provided by wikipedia can be noted as: Accusations by NGO's and other Humans rights activist. Also, it is necessary to cite the Constitution and its mandates which clearly protect the rights of all current Citizens no matter their origin.

November 18,2013

No rationalization has been made to confront my argument of false information provided by the statement of supposed racial discrimination. I will delete the statement in 2 weeks from now if failed to response to my opposition.

Thank you — Preceding unsigned comment added by 97.76.2.102 (talk) 15:20, 18 November 2013 (UTC)

The statements and comments in this portion relating to Dominican Republic are misleading at best, and completely false. The laws restricting the citizenship of the offspring of transients, migrants or non-legal immigrants in the Dominican Republic have been in each of the different constitutions that have governed the Dominican Republic since at least 1929. To allege that the laws has been revised recently to deny any citizen their rights is irresponsible and clearly answers to the agenda of certain groups, NGOs and even some outside nations. (August 18, 2018) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.215.48.221 (talk) 16:41, 18 August 2018 (UTC)

Restricted jus soli: Portugal
This revert and the edit which preceded it rely on this cited primary source for support. The source says,

It is WP:OR for WP editors to interpret a primary source but, in the absence of a cited secondary source which does that interpretation, two of us have done that here -- and we've interpreted it differently. Here, their clearly refers to the parents, and they clearly refers to persons who "declare that they want to be Portuguese". I don't envision they as referring to parents who declare that they want to be Portuguese but, rather, as referring to "persons born in Portuguese territory to foreign parents .." upon their return to Portugal some years after their birth who then declare that they want to be Portuguese. Either interpretation seems a bit of a stretch. Other opinions might be helpful. Relevant secondary sources would be really helpful. Wtmitchell (talk) (earlier Boracay Bill) 08:43, 23 December 2014 (UTC)

Restricted Jus Soli: Canada
=

Under Canadian law at least one parent must be a citizen or legal resident. "THE RIGHT TO CITIZENSHIP Persons who are citizens 3. (1) Subject to this Act, a person is a citizen if (a) the person was born in Canada after February 14, 1977; (b) the person was born outside Canada after February 14, 1977 and at the time of his birth one of his parents, other than a parent who adopted him, was a citizen; (c) the person has been granted or acquired citizenship pursuant to section 5 or 11 and, in the case of a person who is fourteen years of age or over on the day that he is granted citizenship, he has taken the oath of citizenship; (d) the person was a citizen immediately before February 15, 1977; or (e) the person was entitled, immediately before February 15, 1977, to become a citizen under paragraph 5(1)(b) of the former Act. Not applicable to children of foreign diplomats, etc.

(2) Paragraph (1)(a) does not apply to a person if, at the time of his birth, neither of his parents was a citizen or lawfully admitted to Canada for permanent residence and if either of his parents was (a) a diplomatic or consular officer or other representative or employee in Canada of a foreign government; (b) an employee in the service of a person referred to in paragraph (a); or (c) an officer or employee in Canada of a specialized agency of the United Nations or an officer or employee in Canada of any other international organization to whom there are granted, by or under any Act of Parliament, diplomatic privileges and immunities certified by the Minister of Foreign Affairs to be equivalent to those granted to a person or persons referred to in paragraph (a)." http://www.legislationline.org/documents/action/popup/id/6160 — Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.118.249.4 (talk) 12:29, 23 August 2015 (UTC)

 * Because of the use of the word "and", the exception applies only if one of the parents is a diplomat. ItsNickBarry (talk) 01:19, 21 November 2023 (UTC)

Map needs updating

 * If we are going to show countries that have abolished jus soli like India then we should use another color than blue so that it doesn't look like it has another version of the same thing. I'd suggest creating a separate map showing which countries have abolished jus soli (are there more than India?) and which have restricted it (most of the light blue ones) and which have expanded it (Germany plus who knows where). In addition to missing Spain and Portugal, Colombia should be included in light blue.

Both cited in the articlePatapsco913 (talk) 23:22, 23 August 2015 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure exactly what the relevant policy is here, but I think it has to support the deletion of an incorrect map. I don't know how the map is made and have attempted to contact its creator. Bangabandhu (talk) 01:40, 16 September 2015 (UTC)
 * The map is updated now. 72.191.248.253 (talk) 17:31, 18 October 2015 (UTC)

(talk) 19:18, 18 October 2015 (UTC)
 * Portugal and Spain are countries with restricted jus soli according to the text; however, this is not reflected in the map. -- Picapica (talk) 08:31, 30 October 2016 (UTC)

The text for Spain is wrong. Spain doesnt automatically grant citizenship to those born in Spain who have no non Spanish citizenship. Aerchasúr (talk) 13:35, 25 August 2021 (UTC)

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Restricted Jus soli?
Restricted jus soli should be called, partial jus sanguinis. If one parent has to be a citizen it's the same thing as jus sanguinis. What is the distinction between citizenship by blood, and jus soli requiring one parent be a citizen, it's a distinction without a difference. It should be changed. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2602:306:30BC:BC00:E538:512D:5246:A796 (talk) 21:01, 5 August 2017 (UTC)

How would we describe a case where there is a geographic and a jus sanguinis condition on the transmission of citizenship? An example that comes to mind is Canada's citizenship by descent restricted by a number of generations born abroad. Restricted jus soli also describes any conditions that would otherwise render a jus soli grant of nationality, eg, a geographic birth requirement of parents and children despite being aliens themselves. (restricted generational jus soli).Jamesniederle (talk) 05:46, 2 November 2019 (UTC)

Jus Soli as a Colonialist Tool
One aspect of Jus Soli that should be mentioned is its use to justify citizenship for non-native populations. Why was just soli so popular in the Americas? Because the European colonizers were not born in the New world, but they wanted to be citizens there!

Are there any sources on this? Many European countries, particularly Britain was historically jus soli under the common law in the actual British isles, documented by William Blackstone "Commentaries on the Laws of England" in regards to the status or nationality of personsJamesniederle (talk) 05:41, 2 November 2019 (UTC)

Trump, November 2018, let’s wait?
This is in connection with US President Trump’s current talk about overturning unconditional jus soli, perhaps using an Executive Order to override the 14th Amendment to the US Constitution. Obviously if that became a fact, or even just headed a decent way along the road in public debate, then it should go in. But in general, much of what Trump says (or appears to say—a reporting-bias-created illusion perhaps) is so much sound and fury but signifies nothing. So my suggestion, by way of avoiding a needlessly premature edit war, is for everyone to stay calm, keep your editorial powder dry, and let’s just wait and see what develops. 70.123.153.76 (talk) 14:38, 30 October 2018 (UTC)

"Unrestricted jus soli" by continent?
Given that countries outside of the Americas with jus soli are the exception rather than the rule, would further dividing the "Unrestricted jus soli" by continent make the article more interesting? I was searching for such countries and had trouble finding them in the list. jlam (talk) 03:15, 31 October 2018 (UTC)

I agree. I will divide them by continent and any other appropriate subdivision to make it more clear.Jamesniederle (talk) 05:06, 2 November 2019 (UTC)

Clarity on the Azerbaijan jus soli law
Currently there is only one reference to the jus soli status of Azerbaijan, and even though the reference is a government resource, it is written in a foreign language and it isn't clear whether or not there exists an unrestricted jus soli law. I highly suspect this is not the case.Jamesniederle (talk) 05:05, 2 November 2019 (UTC)

Special cases (Luxembourgh, Philippines, probably others)
This edit, which added details of a special case re Luxembourgh, caught my eye and put me in mind of this re the Philippines. It seems to me that, following WP:SS, such special cases should either go unmentioned here, should be summed up here with just a blanket assertion that special cases exist in some countries, or should only get a brief mention in relevant content for countries where they pertain with the details summarized the nationality law of the affected countries (here, Luxembourg nationality law and Philippine nationality law). Wtmitchell (talk) (earlier Boracay Bill) 12:20, 21 January 2020 (UTC)

AAA PAKISTAN
Pakistan doesn't have jus soli without restrictions like the USA. In Pakistan children of refugees, vast majority of which are Afghan Refugees, illegal/enemy aliens and foreign diplomats are not entitled to citizenship by birth Muhammad Mahd (talk) 09:01, 12 November 2023 (UTC)

The Nederlands has Jus soli with restrictions
See official Dutch government website: https://ind.nl/nl/nederlanderschap/nederlander-door-geboorte-erkenning-of-adoptie (in Dutch) and https://ind.nl/en/dutch-citizenship/dutch-citizen-by-birth-acknowledgment-or-adoption#dutch-citizen-by-birth (in English)

Conditions (translated from Dutch): Was the child born after December 31, 1984? The child will then automatically receive Dutch nationality at birth in the following situations:
 * The mother of the child has Dutch nationality at the time of birth.
 * The child's parents both have Dutch nationality at the time of birth.
 * The father of the child has Dutch nationality at the time of birth and is married to the non-Dutch mother. Or is the registered partner of the mother. Or the father acknowledged the child before birth.
 * The child and the child's mother have their principal residence in the Kingdom of the Netherlands at the time of birth. One of the mother's parents also had her main residence in the Kingdom on the day the mother was born.
 * The child and the child's father have their principal residence in the Kingdom of the Netherlands at the time of birth. One of the father's parents also had his main residence in The Kingdom on the day the father was born.

You could argue that only the last three conditions are Jus soli with restrictions. I got my Dutch nationality at birth and my parents are Turkish, but my father gained the Dutch nationality, so I got the nationality by birth. It's true that The Netherlands are primarily is Jus sanguinis.

It's the almost the same in France and the Dutch conditions are even more flexible, so I will add it under restricted Remzicavdar (talk) 12:22, 19 November 2023 (UTC)

Latvian "non-citizens"
The "non-citizen" designation in Latvia applies specifically to non-Latvian former Soviet citizens who live in Latvia. Recent changes to Latvian law prevent the children of "non-citizens" from becoming "non-citizens" themselves (essentially a form of statelessness), but should not be considered "unrestricted jus soli". ItsNickBarry (talk) 01:38, 21 November 2023 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: Race, Law, and Politics
— Assignment last updated by Mriacona (talk) 17:45, 1 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Jus soli


text:
Amy Rigby

Amy Rigby (born Amelia McMahon, January 27, 1959) is an American singer-songwriter. After playing with several New York bands she began a solo career, recording several albums which had only modest sales despite enthusiastic reviews. She settled into a career of touring while raising a daughter, then formed a duo with Wreckless Eric whom she also married. As of November 2011 they continue to tour from a base in upstate New York. She is the author of a memoir, Girl to City.

Biography
Rigby was born in the Pittsburgh suburbs and raised Catholic. She moved to New York City in 1976. She married dB's drummer Will Rigby in the 1980s, and during the late 1980s and early 1990s recorded with New York bands such as The Shams and Last Roundup. She had a daughter with Rigby.

In 1999 Rigby moved to Nashville to pursue a publishing deal, and continued to record and tour.

Rigby met Eric Goulden, also known as Wreckless Eric, in Hull, England, where she was performing one of his songs, and they married. She later relocated to Cleveland, Ohio, and in late 2006 she and Goulden moved to France. In the fall of 2011 they moved back to the USA, settling in a town in upstate New York. Rigby and Goulden collaborated on albums.

Rigby wrote a memoir of her journey from suburban Pittsburgh to New York City, and her journey to becoming a musician. Girl to City was published in July 2019.

Music career
Rigby released her first full-length recording under her own name, Diary of a Mod Housewife,  in 1996. Village Voice critic Robert Christgau praised the album, calling it "concept album of the year". Spin voted Rigby "Songwriter of the Year" for 1996. Middlescence and The Sugar Tree (like Mod Housewife, recorded for Koch Records), also were well received by critics and listeners. Koch also released Rigby's compilation album, 18 Again.

After leaving Koch, she recorded for the Signature Sounds label, and also sold live CD and DVD material through her website. Til The Wheels Fall Off, with its opening track, "Why Do I," produced by Richard Barone, was released on Signature in 2003, and Little Fugitive in 2005. The weekly newspaper The Nashville Scene said that Little Fugitive "finds Rigby as sharp as ever, even as many of the songs evince the fuzz of dislocation...or the exasperation of a survivor who hasn't lost her sense of humor but knows that jokes have their limits."

She writes lyrics about the trials of a cash-strapped single mother in an uncaring world. "The Good Girls" is a song about consumerism and underemployment, for example. Asked by her manager if she would not be able to write the same kind of songs after starting a happy relationship, she responded "No problem. I'm still poor", before cranking out a lyric about her beau's ex-wife. Another trademark is outrageous sexual humor, as in the songs "I Hate Every Bone in Her Body" and "Are We Ever Going to Have Sex Again?"

Rigby uses basic chord structures derived from '60s rock and pop music. Her records are as notable for their musical sophistication as for their lyrical directness.

Her influences also include New York City punk rock, especially as played at the famous CBGB club, as well as the Beatles and other mid-1960s pop. One of her recent songs is entitled "Dancing With Joey Ramone."

Ronnie Spector, Sara Hickman, and Laura Cantrell have recorded compositions by Rigby.

In 2008 Wreckless Eric & Amy Rigby was released. The album is described as combining various influences. The pair toured to support the album.

as a member of Last Roundup

 * Twister 1987

as a member of The Shams

 * Quilt 1990
 * Sedusia EP, 1993

Solo albums

 * Diary of a Mod Housewife, 1996
 * Middlescence, 1998
 * The Sugar Tree, 2000
 * 18 Again – An Anthology, 2002
 * Til The Wheels Fall Off, 2003
 * Faulkner, Dylan, Heinz and Me, 2004
 * Little Fugitive, 2005
 * The Old Guys, 2018
 * A One Way Ticket to My Life, [Demos 1990–95] 2019

with Wreckless Eric

 * Wreckless Eric & Amy Rigby, 2008
 * Two-Way Family Favourites, 2010
 * A Working Museum, 2012

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Amy Rigby


text:
User talk:EthanS/Near East Regnal Table

Hey - got here from Talk:Chronology of the Ancient Near East. I think you mean "Jehoiakim" when you say "Jehoiachin." The latter only reigned briefly in 597. Will look over the rest and comment as I go. john k 15:39, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

Also - normally, when doing regnal years, the last regnal year of a king is the year he died. The first regnal year of the new king is the year after he actually took the throne. So it should sho Nabopolassar as king through 605 BC, and Nebuchadrezzar starting in 604. john k 16:01, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

The early Hittite kings, at least, are not properly synchronized with the First Dynasty of Babylon. Mursili I was the Hittite king who sacked Babylon and ended the first dynasty. The dates for the Hittites are obviously middle chronology dates (at least for this part - I'm less certain of the Neo-Hittite dates - but Muwatalli shouldn't be dying in the year of Kadesh), while the Babylon dates are low chronology. john k 16:14, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

Regnal Years: In using one line per year, you need to eliminate the overlap when kings die mid-year. In general, I thought it more important to indicate when a king started to rule than when he finished.

 * But this process (assigning one king per year) was done by the Assyrians and Babylonians themselves, and they counted the overlapping year to the monarch who died in that year. (This is also how the Chinese traditionally did it). As far as I am aware, at any time regnal years have been used, it was done in this manner. john k 06:24, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

As for the middle vs. Low chron, I couldn't find a good discussion of the merits of the various Hittite chronologies and their synchronisms with Assyria or Egypt. Babylon and Assyria are closely linked, and for Old Babylon, I used the low chron dates as those appear to have a much large consensus behind them.

As for formats - I'd like it to be easy to edit in the wiki, but to shift a King up or down a year means changing hundreds of rows. I did the original in Excel and then had to re-format into HTML and then convert to WikiPipe to keep the code really clean for the twenty thousand cells. Ugh... I started with simple regnal lists and wrote the Excel code to extract the year dates from them. Thanks for the comments - I'll update my master file and post and updated chronology. I think I'll also post the indivdual chronologies I used on a second user page, because those are a lot easier to edit. EthanS 19:10, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

I've messed about with the table. It is much easier to edit than you think - there is no need to change hundreds of rows, just the two terminal ones for each monarch. john k 05:37, 19 September 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:EthanS/Near East Regnal Table


text:
Quebec English

Quebec English encompasses the English dialects (both native and non-native) of the predominantly French-speaking Canadian province of Quebec. There are few distinctive phonological features and very few restricted lexical features common among English-speaking Quebecers. The native English speakers in Quebec generally align to Standard Canadian English, one of the largest and most relatively homogeneous dialects in North America. This standard English accent is common in Montreal, where the vast majority of Quebec's native English speakers live. English-speaking Montrealers have, however, established ethnic groups that retain certain lexical features: Irish, Jewish, Italian, and Greek communities that all speak discernible varieties of English. Isolated fishing villages on the Basse-Côte-Nord of Quebec speak Newfoundland English, and many Gaspesian English-speakers use Maritime English. Francophone speakers of Quebec (including Montreal) also have their own second-language English that incorporates French accent features, vocabulary, etc. Finally, the Kahnawake Mohawks of south shore Montreal and the Cree and Inuit of Northern Quebec speak English with their own distinctive accents, usage, and expressions from their indigenous languages.

Quebec Anglophone English
The following are native-English (anglophone) phenomena unique to Quebec, particularly studied in Montreal English and spoken by the Quebec Anglophone minority in the Montreal area. Before the 1970s, minority-language English had the status of a co-official language in Quebec.

Phonology
Anglophone Montreal speaks Standard Canadian English, which has the Canadian Vowel Shift and Canadian raising, with some additional features:
 * Resistance to the merry–marry merger: unlike the rest of typical North American English, Montreal English tends to maintain the distinction in words like Mary/merry versus marry, perish versus parish, and Erin versus Aaron. The vowels remain, as in traditional East-Coast American English and often British English, and, respectively.
 * The vowel is relatively backed.
 * The "short a" or vowel is not raised before  as elsewhere in Canada, but it is raised somewhat before  for ethnic British and Irish Montrealers. Among other ethnicities, such as Jewish Montrealers, there may be no raising of the vowel in any context.
 * The following vowel sounds are linguistically-conservative: the sets of vowels represented by the words (back and monophthongal),  (monophthongal), and  (back).

Vocabulary
Quebec English is heavily influenced by English and French. The phrases and words below show the variation of meaning in the Quebec English dialect.

Delay: an amount of time given before a deadline. "I was given a delay of 2 weeks before my project was due".

An animator: is not an artist but is someone who meets and entertains children.

A sweet carbonated beverage is commonly referred to as a "pop" in many parts of Canada, but in Montreal, it is a "soda" or "soft drink." A straight translation of the French liqueur douce.

A formation - this word in English would normally mean a routine stance used in a professional formation. (i.e. The men stood in formation). In Quebec a formation is a reference to an educational course or training session.

A pass - this phrase originates from Italian speakers, the word pass is often used in phrases such as "I am going to pass by a friend on the way to the movies". The phrase is comparatively used when you are already completing one action but can squeeze in another action on the way to your destination.

In standard English, the phrase "Your bus will pass in 2 minutes" would mean that you are about to miss your bus or that you have already missed your bus. Alternatively in Montreal the phrase pass can also mean to arrive or stop as a way to show that the action will happen in a relatively short time frame. Example: "Your bus will pass in 2 minutes".

Locations within the city are also commonly described using syntax borrowed from French. If a building is at the corner of St. Catherine and Peel streets in downtown Montreal, it may be described as being "on Saint Catherine, corner Peel." This is parallel to the French expression, "Sainte-Catherine, coin Peel" or "angle Peel".

French-language toponyms
English-speakers commonly use French-language toponyms and official names for local institutions and organizations with no official English names. The names are pronounced as in French, especially in broadcast media. Examples include the Régie du logement, the Collège de Maisonneuve, Québec Solidaire, the Parti québécois, Hochelaga-Maisonneuve, and Trois-Rivières.

 * English toponyms in place of French (nonstandard when written): Older generations of English-speaking Montrealers are more likely to informally use traditional English toponyms that vary from official, French-language toponyms. In a notable generational distinction, it is uncommon among younger English-speaking Quebecers. Examples include Pine Avenue, Park Avenue, Mountain Street, Dorchester Blvd., St. James Street – often used without St., Blvd., Ave., Rd., etc. (names for the designations "avenue des Pins", "av. du Parc", "rue de la Montagne", "boulevard René-Lévesque", "rue St-Jacques"; the English-language official designations have reputedly been revoked, but evidence for that is difficult to find); Guy and Saint Catherine Streets; Town of Mount Royal, as it was chartered, and the charter has not been revoked; and Pointe Claire (pronounced or  with English T and R and typography, instead of official "Pointe-Claire" with the French accent).

French loanwords
The use of a limited number of Quebec French terms for everyday place nouns (and occasional items) that have English equivalents; all of them are pronounced with English pronunciations or have undergone English clippings or abbreviations and so are regarded as ordinary English terms by Quebecers. At times, some of them tend to be preceded by the in contexts in which they would normally have a/an.

 * autoroute instead of expressway
 * branché instead of trendy (colloquial)
 * chansonnier instead of songwriter
 * chez nous instead of "[at] our place"
 * the dep – instead of corner, variety, or convenience store; from dépanneur
 * coordinates instead of contact information

 * echo – ultrasound in reference to an échographie
 * epicerie – grocery store
 * fonctionnaire or  instead of civil servant
 * formation instead of training
 * the gallery – instead of balcony
 * garderie – nursery
 * the guichet – instead of bank machine, even when all ATMs are labelled "ATM";
 * malaise - instead of malady or ailment
 * marché – market
 * the métro (or metro) instead of the subway, referring to rapid transit in urban areas; from the French chemin de fer métropolitain; metro is used outside Canada, though, as in the Washington Metro
 * nappe – a tablecloth
 * primary one, two, three, in contrast to Canadian English grade one, two, three etc.
 * resto – restaurant
 * the SAQ  – the official name of the government-run monopoly liquor stores (pronounced "ess-ay-cue" or "sack"), the Société des alcools du Québec. That usage is similar to that in other provinces, like in neighbouring Ontario, where LCBO liquor stores are referred to as the "lick-bo" (for Liquor Control Board of Ontario).
 * secondary one, two, three, in contrast to Canadian English grade seven, eight, nine etc.
 * stage – apprenticeship or internship, pronounced as
 * subvention – government grant or subsidy. The word exists in both French and English, but it is rarely heard in Canadian English outside Quebec.
 * tempo – driveway shelter in reference to the French commercial name Abris Tempo
 * terrasse – the French pronunciation and spelling of the translation for 'terrace' is common among anglophones in casual speech and is considered acceptable in semiformal expression such as journalism.
 * undertaking – business or enterprise

Pronunciation of French names
The pronunciation of French-language first and last names that uses mostly-French sounds may be mispronounced by speakers of other languages. For example, the pronounced "r" sound and the silent "d" of "Bouchard" may be both pronounced:. French-speakers and Quebec English-speakers are more likely to vary such pronunciations, depending on the manner in which they adopt an English phonological framework. That includes names like Mario Lemieux, Marie-Claire Blais, Jean Charest, Jean Chrétien, Robert Charlebois, and Céline Dion.

Quebec Francophone English
Francophone second-language speakers of English use an interlanguage with varying degrees, ranging from French-accented pronunciation to Quebec Anglophone English pronunciation. High-frequency second-language phenomena by francophones, allophones, and other non-native-speakers occur in the most basic structures of English, both in and outside of Quebec. Commonly called "Frenglish" or "franglais", such phenomena are a product of interlanguage, calques, or mistranslation and thus may not constitute so-called "Quebec English" to the extent that they can be conceived of separately, particularly since such phenomena are similar for Francophone-speakers of English throughout the world.

Phonology
Francophones speaking English often pronounce / instead of /, and some also pronounce for the phoneme, and some mispronounce some words, some pronounce a full vowel instead of a schwa, such as  for message. Since French-speakers greatly outnumber English-speakers in most regions of Quebec, it is more common to hear French in public. Some Anglophones in overwhelmingly-Francophone areas use some of the features (especially the replacement of and  by [t] and [d]), but their English is remarkably similar to that of other varieties of English in Canada (Poplack, Walker, & Malcolmson 2006 ).

Other speakers
There is also a pronunciation (NP) of the phoneme as /n/ + /ɡ/ (among some Italian Montrealers) or /n/ + /k/ (among some Jewish Montrealers, especially those who grew up speaking Yiddish), such as by high degrees of ethnic connectivity within, for instance, municipalities, boroughs, or neighbourhoods on Montreal Island, such as Saint-Léonard and Outremont/Côte-des-Neiges/Côte Saint-Luc. Such phenomena occur as well in other diaspora areas such as New York City.

Vocabulary and grammar

 * janitor – building superintendent.
 * country house – cottage (vacation home).

 * The use of French collocations (NS):

 * Close the TV – Turn/shut off the TV.
 * Close the door. – Lock the door.
 * Open the light. – Turn on the lights.
 * Close the light. – Turn off the lights.
 * Take a decision. – Make a decision. (NB "Take" is the older British version. Compare French Prends/Prenez une décision)
 * Put your coat. – Put your coat on (from French Mets ton manteau/Mettez votre manteau).
 * Pass someone money. – Lend someone money.
 * Pass the vacuum. – Run the vacuum (or do the vacuuming)

 * The use of French grammar (NS): Many of these constructions are grammatically correct but only out of context. It is both the calquing and linguistic transfer from French and the betrayed meanings that make these sentences foreign to English.

 * He speak/talk to me yesterday. – He spoke/talked to me yesterday. (verb tense)
 * Me, I work in Laval. – I work in Laval. (vocal stress on "I". From French Moi, je travaille à Laval.)
 * It/He have many books. – There are many books. (from French il y a meaning "there is/are")
 * I like the beef and the red wine. – I like beef and red wine. (overuse of definite article to mean "in general". From French J'aime le bœuf et le vin rouge.)
 * You speak French? – Do you speak French? (absence of auxiliary verb; otherwise it means surprise, disbelief or disappointment when out of context)
 * We were/are four. – There were/are four of us. (from French "nous sommes" and "nous étions")
 * We're Tuesday – It's Tuesday. (from French "nous sommes")
 * I don't find my keys. – I can’t find my keys. (lack of English modal auxiliary verb)
 * At this moment I wash the dishes. – I’m washing the dishes right now. (verbal aspect)
 * I can't join you at this moment because I eat. – I can't join you right now because I'm eating. (verbal aspect)
 * My computer, he don’t work. – My computer won’t work. (human pronoun, subject repetition, uninflected auxiliary verb)
 * I would like a brownies. – Could I have a brownie? (plural –s thought to be part of the singular word in relexification process; other examples: "a Q-tips", "a pins", "a buns", "a Smarties", "a Doritos", etc.)
 * I would like shrimps with broccolis. – Could I have some shrimp and broccoli? (use of regular plural instead of English unmarked plural or non-count noun; this is not a case of hypercorrection but of language transfer).
 * Do you want to wash the dishes? – Will/would you wash the dishes? (lack of English modal verb; modal vouloir from French instead – Voulez-vous faire la vaisselle?)
 * We have to go in by downstairs – We have to go in downstairs (via the non-standard French 'entrer par')
 * You're going to broke it! – You're going to break it! (mixing of homonymic French tenses; "cassé", past, versus "casser", infinitive)

 * False cognates or faux-amis (NS): This practice is quite common, so much so that those who use them abundantly insist that the false cognate is the English term even outside of Quebec. Note that these French words are all pronounced using English sounds and harbour French meanings. While the possibilities are truly endless, this list provides only the most insidious false cognates found in Quebec.

 * a stage – an internship (pronounced as in French, from the French word for internship, "un stage".)
 * Cégep (cégep; collégial, cégepien) – the acronym of the public college network preceding university in Quebec.
 * Chinese pâté or  – shepherd's pie (pâté chinois; Quebeckers' pâté chinois is similar to shepherd's-pie dishes associated with other cultures)
 * a cold plate – some cold-cuts (reversed gallicism – assiette de viandes froides)
 * coordinates – for address, phone number, e-mail, etc.
 * (a) salad – (a head of) lettuce
 * a subvention – a (government) grant
 * a parking – a parking lot/space
 * a location – a rental
 * a good placement – a good location
 * That's it. – That is correct. (from C'est ça.)
 * all-dressed pizza – a deluxe pizza with pepperoni, mushrooms and green peppers (from pizza toute garnie.)
 * soup, two times – two soups, or two orders of soup (from "deux fois.")

Few anglophone Quebeckers use French grammar or false cognates, but many use French collocations and most understand such high-frequency words and expressions. Some of these cognates are used by many francophones, and others by many allophones and anglophone accultured in allophone environments, of varying English proficiencies, from the bare-minimum level to native-speaker level.

title: Quebec English


text:
Eric Pang

Eric Pang (born 30 January 1982) is a Dutch badminton player, who became European Junior Champion in 2001. He won the National Dutch Championships seven times between 2009 and 2015.

Career
As a part of the BC Amersfoort team, Pang reached the final of the European Cup 2007 held in Amersfoort. Together with Lotte Bruil-Jonathans, Yao Jie, Larisa Griga, Dicky Palyama and Chris Bruil. The final was lost against the team of NL Primorje. In the semi-finals they were too strong for CB Rinconada.

Eric Pang won the Norwegian International in 2005, the Spanish Open in 2010, the Canadian International in 2013 and the Croatian International in 2015. In 2012 Eric Pang won the Yonex Dutch Open Grand Prix beating his compatriot Dicky Palyama in the final with straight games. After his retirement in 2015 he became a coach at the Dutch National junior squad and also a juniors talent coach in Almere for a short period of time. Then he moved to China with his wife Yao Jie to open a badminton school there. When they returned to Europe the couple settled in Hamburg, Germany where they are part of the Trainers staff at the Hamburger Badminton Verband, one of Germany's National Badminton Centre's.

Personal life
Eric Pang was born to a Chinese Singaporean father and Dutch mother. His Chinese name is Fang Facai. He married Yao Jie in 2009, who later also became his coach.

European Junior Championships
Boys' singles

BWF Grand Prix (1 title, 3 runners-up)
The BWF Grand Prix had two levels, the Grand Prix and Grand Prix Gold. It was a series of badminton tournaments sanctioned by the Badminton World Federation (BWF) and played between 2007 and 2017.

Men's singles
 * BWF Grand Prix tournament
 * BWF Grand Prix Gold tournament

BWF International Challenge/Series (4 titles, 11 runners-up)
Men's singles
 * BWF International Challenge tournament
 * BWF International Series tournament

title: Eric Pang


text:
Max Avery Lichtenstein

Max Avery Lichtenstein is an American record producer, composer and songwriter based in North Salem, New York. He's produced records with such artists as Mercury Rev, Hopewell and The Silent League. He composed the soundtrack for Jonathan Caouette's movie Tarnation and for the 2005 James Bai film Puzzlehead.

title: Max Avery Lichtenstein


text:
User:Mary K

Hi! New user.

title: User:Mary K


text:
User:Ahmed.badr

Please do not add commercial links (or links to your own private websites) to Wikipedia. Wikipedia is not a vehicle for advertising or a mere collection of external links. You are, however, encouraged to add content instead of links to the encyclopedia. See the welcome page to learn more. Thanks. KeithD (talk) 15:40, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User:Ahmed.badr


text:
Category:James Brown

This is a category of articles about or relating to the "Godfather of Soul", James Brown.

title: Category:James Brown


text:
Gorman, Texas

Gorman is a city in Eastland County, Texas, United States. Its population was 976 at the 2020 census, down from 1,083 at the 2010 census.

Geography
Gorman is located in southeastern Eastland County at 32.21194°N, -98.67139°W (32.211956, –98.671281). Texas State Highway 6 passes through the community, leading northwest 20 mi to Eastland, the county seat, and southeast 11 mi to De Leon.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 4.3 sqkm, all land.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 976 people, 501 households, and 331 families residing in the city.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, 1,236 people, 474 households, and 310 families were residing in the city. The population density was 750.7 PD/sqmi. The 569 housing units averaged 345.6/sq mi (133.1/km$2$). The racial makeup of the city was 80.42% White, 0.08% African American, 0.89% Native American, 17.72% from other races, and 0.89% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 29.13% of the population.

Of the 474 households, 33.1% had children under  18 living with them, 51.1% were married couples living together, 9.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.4% were not families. About 32.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 21.1% had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.53, and the average family size was 3.24.

In the city, the age distribution was 28.2% under 18, 8.4% from 18 to 24, 24.1% from 25 to 44, 18.4% from 45 to 64, and 20.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 79.9 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $26,758, and for a family was $32,431. Males had a median income of $25,800 versus $18,417 for females. The per capita income for the city was $11,906. 16.3% of the population and 10.1% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 20.4% of those under the age of 18 and 19.6% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.

Education
The city is served by the Gorman Independent School District.

Climate
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen climate classification, Gorman has a humid subtropical climate, Cfa on climate maps.

Notable person

 * Joe Isbell, NFL offensive guard

title: Gorman, Texas


text:
Nomad software

NOMAD is a relational database and fourth-generation language (4GL), originally developed in the 1970s by time-sharing vendor National CSS. While it is still in use today, its widest use was in the 1970s and 1980s. NOMAD supports both the relational and hierarchical database models.

NOMAD provides both interactive and batch environments for data management and application development, including commands for database definition, data manipulation, and reporting. All components are accessible by and integrated through a database-oriented programming language. Unlike many tools for managing mainframe data, which are geared to the needs of professional programmers in MIS departments, NOMAD is particularly designed for (and sold to) application end-users in large corporations. End-users employ Nomad in batch production cycles and in Web-enabled applications, as well as for reporting and distribution via the web or PC desktop.

Capabilities
NOMAD is distinguished by five characteristics:
 * An intuitive database-oriented fourth-generation programming language (4GL) for creating databases, managing data, and writing applications
 * An interactive environment in which any 4GL statement may be typed and immediately processed (comparable to interactive tools like PHP or Perl)
 * Relational database features, supporting lookup tables and the other elements of a normalized relational database
 * Powerful set-at-a-time operations under the control of simple imperative commands
 * Accesses data from many sources, such as VSAM, IMS, IDMS, DB2, Oracle, and SQL Server.

NOMAD's language was designed to simplify the application development process, especially for reporting applications. Where possible, common requirements were addressed by intuitive nonprocedural syntax elements, to avoid traditional programming. The heart of the system was the LIST command, which created report output.

LIST BY STATE BY CUST_ID NAME PHONE ACROSS STATUS BALANCE WHERE STATE AMONG('CT','NY')

State Customer ID  Name               Phone         Active    Inactive  New - ---  -        - CT            1001  ABC Co.            203-555-1212      1200         0          0 1012 DEF Co.            203-555-1313         0        50        900 NY           1305  GHI Co.            212-555-1414      2650         0          0

In this example, database fields STATE, CUST_ID, NAME, PHONE, STATUS, and BALANCE are laid out on a grid, with two sort breaks (via BY), generated columns based on data values (via ACROSS), and data selection (via WHERE). Additional keywords could control subtotals, titles, footers, table lookup, and myriad reporting details.

The LIST command is somewhat analogous to the SQL SELECT statement, but incorporates formatting, totaling, and other elements helpful for tailoring output to a business requirement. The SELECT statement, in contrast, is essentially a data query tool: its results would be processed or formatted as required using other mechanisms. This distinction is highlighted by SQL's classification as a 'Data Sublanguage' (DSL): SQL is a powerful formalism for controlling data retrieval. The LIST command is a comprehensive report writer addressing broader functionality.

Another example of NOMAD's power is illustrated by Nicholas Rawlings in his comments for the Computer History Museum about NCSS (see citation below). He reports that James Martin asked Rawlings for a NOMAD solution to a standard problem Martin called the Engineer's Problem: "give 6% raises to engineers whose job ratings had an average of 7 or better." Martin provided a "dozen pages of COBOL, and then just a page or two of Mark IV, from Informatics." Rawlings offered the following single statement, performing a set-at-a-time operation, to show how trivial this problem was with NOMAD:

"CHANGE ALL SALARY=SALARY*1.06 WHERE POSITION='ENG' AND AVG(INSTANCE(RATING)) GE 7"

Rawlings continues: "[Martin] decided to drop the idea [of showing alternative solutions to the problem]. [The NOMAD solution] was too unbelievable for him. He published his book in 1982 [sic: 1981], with many fine examples of NOMAD, most of which look silly today, for they don't reflect what NOMAD was really used for in the years since: serious, mission critical applications. I used Martin's Engineer's Problem in hundreds of NOMAD classes, as I forced people to think in terms of sets of data, instead of record-at-a-time, which is how they'd been taught."

Early development
NOMAD was developed by National CSS, Inc., at the time in Stamford, Connecticut (later Wilton), by a small team launched in 1973. It was developed to supplant RAMIS, previously a major NCSS offering. The corporate view of NOMAD's importance at the time – and of tensions with the owners of RAMIS – can be deduced from the original NOMAD acronym: NCSS Owned, Maintained, And Developed.

Unlike RAMIS, which was largely written in FORTRAN, NOMAD was written entirely in Assembler.

Another RAMIS successor was FOCUS, which evolved in competition with NOMAD. These and other 4GL platforms such as Oracle competed for many of the same customers, all trying to solve end-user information problems without recourse to traditional 3GL programming.

NOMAD was officially released in October 1975 (although customer usage began in May 1975). The NOMAD customer base expanded rapidly, as new categories of users adopted time-sharing data management tools to solve problems they previously could not tackle. NOMAD competed principally with Focus and Ramis for this expanding market.

NOMAD was claimed to be the first commercial product to incorporate relational database concepts. This seems to be borne out by the launch dates of the well-known early RDBMS vendors, which first emerged in the late 1970s and early 80s – such as Oracle (1977), Informix (1980), and Unify (1980). The seminal non-commercial research project into RDBMS concepts was IBM System R, first installed at IBM locations in 1977. System R included and tested the original SQL implementation. The early RDBMS vendors were able to learn from numerous papers describing System R in the late 1970s and early 80s.

NOMAD was released before these industry events, and thus, like System R, NOMAD drew on earlier academic work by relational database pioneers such as E. F. Codd. Early NOMAD development was in particular inspired by Christopher J. Date's influential An Introduction to Database Systems, itself first published in 1975. This book had technical ideas about the relational database model, and included a brief mention of SEQUEL (later SQL). Later editions of the book included NOMAD itself, and Date's approval of NOMAD's support of the relational database model.

At the time, relational database concepts were new; most database systems utilized hierarchical, network, or other data models. Adding relational features to NOMAD's original hierarchical design was evidently a bold move for NCSS. Training materials, such as Daniel McCracken's book (cited below), focused on these relational database features, and their use in rapid application development. A simple methodology letting end-users design effective, normalized relational databases was soon added to the curriculum – and was later taught on campuses throughout the country, in the ACM Lectureship Series, by NCSS emeritus Lawrence Smith. NCSS can thus be seen as an early advocate of relational methods; but this position was soon eclipsed as SQL-based vendors burst onto the scene.

Development: late 1970s
NOMAD was the flagship NCSS product during the firm's years of rapid growth, going through a series of releases and receiving a major share of this (publicly traded) company's R&D, sales, support, and other resources.

NCSS and its time-sharing competitors primarily sold services to large corporations, at a time when most MIS departments were bogged down on huge COBOL implementation projects (see Brooks's famous The Mythical Man-Month for the contemporary mind-set). Because of development backlogs, outside services like NCSS became attractive. Tools like NOMAD made end-users self-sufficient: If they had discretionary budgets, and could get the necessary raw data from their MIS departments, then they could solve their own information problems. Many users were content to answer seemingly simple aggregate reporting questions that baffled the MIS departments of the day – like "rank departments by profitability." Other end-users went beyond basic reporting to build large, mission-critical applications, either by learning the necessary skills, or by hiring their own technicians who didn't report through the MIS hierarchy. NCSS developed a large support infrastructure, including training, consulting, and other services, to foster end-user independence. (Dissatisfaction with traditional MIS methods and resources would later also fuel the personal computer revolution, which in turn would displace time-sharing vendors like NCSS.) ''[More citations are needed to illustrate: MIS departments of the 70s and 80s; the "Information Center" concept and end-user empowerment in the 80s; the timesharing industry and its role in enabling what became known as "Agile Companies" capable of using information as a competitive advantage. These topics were widely discussed in books and media of the day.]''

In the late 1970s, NCSS developed a 'mini-370' product called the NCSS 3200, primarily intended as an in-house platform for running NOMAD under the NCSS operating system VP/CSS (see below). The small, low-cost system was sold as an end-user 'database machine' or 'information warehouse' for extracting and analyzing corporate datasets – analogous to the dedicated mainframes installed at some of NCSS's larger customer sites. Despite limited success, the company lost interest in the 3200 venture, which was scrapped along with the VP/CSS operating system.

Development: 1980s
Until 1982, NOMAD was available only on NCSS's proprietary time-sharing system VP/CSS. During this period, with a few exceptions, NOMAD was used only by interactive time-sharing customers via pay-as-you-go dial-up access. NOMAD's primary status as a time-sharing product – rather than a licensed software product – had a major impact on its initial design, enhancement, sales, training, and support. The first NOMAD customers were inextricably linked to National CSS's service offerings, and to the capabilities of VP/CSS and the NCSS network.

This changed, marking the start of a new era when NOMAD2 was developed in 1982 in conjunction with major customer Bank of America, It was released as a separate product under VM in 1982 and under MVS in 1983. It is still available today for the latest versions of z/VM and z/OS. In the late 1980s, NOMAD’s presence expanded to the PC when PC Nomad was released to run under DOS.

Development: 1990 to Present
NOMAD products continued to develop along multiple product lines in the 1990s with support for more sources of data and more operating systems. A new version of NOMAD for Microsoft Windows, Front & Center, was released in 1993. New versions of NOMAD for Unix and VAX were also released, with access to Oracle and SQL server data. Report Painter, a graphical user interface tool for writing reports, was added to the Front & Center product line. RP/Server was also released in the 1990s for accessing mainframe databases as remote databases from a variety of clients, including Report Painter, Front & Center applications, and DDE-enabled Microsoft Windows applications, such as Microsoft Excel. ODB/Server was introduced for transparent access to ODBC-compliant databases from Front & Center.

On the mainframe front, NOMAD added double-byte character support and ran under the Fujitsu operating system. QLIST was added to the mainframe product line, providing a user-friendly environment for developing sophisticated reports without extensive knowledge of NOMAD syntax. NOMAD remains an extremely stable product that is enhanced to keep up with contemporary needs, such as access to Oracle and SQL Server data on mid-tier platforms, full e-mail support and additional types of output formatted in HTML, XML, and PDF.

A new line of products began later in the 1990s, starting with RP/Web. This was the precursor to UltraQuest Applications, giving users the ability to Web-enable their mainframe NOMAD applications. The UltraQuest Reporter product was added to this line-up late in the 1990s, for easy reporting from the Web or from a PC of mainframe data via NOMAD. The experience gained from developing and supporting the QLIST and Report Painter products was applied to the development of UltraQuest Reporter. Their influence is clearly visible in UltraQuest Reporter, but Reporter uses Java and HTML technology to create a more user-friendly environment and provide more services.

The basic philosophy of the NOMAD language, to simplify the application development and reporting processes with an intuitive and powerful syntax, is carried forward into the UltraQuest products. UltraQuest Reporter applies a layer on top of the 4GL to make report-building even easier, without writing any syntax at all, employing an intuitive and powerful graphical user interface. Other features and services make reporting applications and data securely available through the Web to any employee’s PC.

Ownership
Dun & Bradstreet acquired National CSS in 1979 and rebranded it as D&B Computing Services (DBCS). In 1986 the NOMAD related assets of DBCS were sold to Must Software International of Norwalk, Connecticut (a wholly -owned subsidiary of Thomson-CSF) which became part of Thomson Software Products in 1995 and part of Aonix in 1996. In 1998 Aonix was acquired by the Gores Group from Thompson. NOMAD was sold and maintained by Select Business Solutions in Trumbull, Connecticut, which was sold by the Gores Group in February 2006 to Avantcé Software.

User base
When NOMAD was released as a licensed software product it was acquired by some of the large corporations that had been using the time-sharing service. These included Exxon and New York Telephone. (A few large users like Bank of America and Standard Oil of California (SOCAL), had previously negotiated site licenses for their own VP/CSS datacenters, most of which ran NOMAD. Most VP/CSS sites eventually migrated to the VM platform) Abbott Laboratories, American Express. Boeing, First Chicago Bank, IC Industries and Motorola were also customers. Other later customers who were new to the product included Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) and Royal Insurance. With a limited client base came an opportunity for niche suppliers to provide independent application development and support. In the UK this market was filled by BSL International, RCMS, and Rex Software. RCMS became the UK vendors of NOMAD while BSL operated throughout Europe and the US.

NOMAD continues to be used by large corporations and distributors, especially in the financial and health markets.

title: Nomad software


text:
User:Gnomz007/Friday

 * Anything can be achieved if you don't care who gets the credit. -Unknown
 * True, he accomplished getting a line at Wikiquote, but got no credit.

title: User:Gnomz007/Friday


text:
Ciao (website)

Ciao was a European-based online-shopping portal with websites in the United Kingdom, France, Spain, Germany, the Netherlands, Italy and Sweden. In February 2008, the company launched an American version of the site, Ciao.com. The site provided a forum where registered users could write reviews and give their opinions on a wide variety of products to help others make decisions. These reviews were available to the general public to help consumers, but also rated by other Ciao users on their usefulness on a scale ranging from exceptional to off-topic. Up to December 2017, when a review was read by a member, the author had money added to their account. Members could also receive money through online surveys and referring friends. On 27 November 2017, Ciao announced that from 1 December all payments would be stopped. In February 2018, Ciao was closed down. Ciao was free to sign up for.

As well as offering reviews, the site also provided price comparison (working with merchants and agencies who provide data feeds) and allowed the user to click through and purchase products.

Ciao claims that it reached an audience of 28.4 million monthly unique visitors (ComScore, January 2013) in Europe.

Microsoft Purchases Ciao
Microsoft made an offer of $486 million in late August 2008 to purchase Greenfield Online, the owner of Ciao GmbH and Ciao, Inc. Representatives from Microsoft said the purchase was primarily made to boost the company's Internet search and e-commerce business in Europe.

LeGuide Group Acquires Ciao
Since the acquisition in March 2012, Ciao strengthens the portfolio of LeGuide Group (listed on Alternext board of NYSE Euronext Paris – ISIN code: FR0010146092), founded in 1998 and operating in 14 European countries through a multi-site strategy of online shopping guides, comparison websites, shopping search engines and platforms for consumer ratings. LeGuide Group surrounds a brand portfolio, including LeGuide.com, choozen, dooyoo.com, pikengo, shopwahl.de and Ciao. CEO of Shopping Guide GmbH and LeGuide Group is Olivier Sichel since July 2012.

title: Ciao (website)


text:
User:Thelb4

simple:User:Thelb4

title: User:Thelb4


text: Category:James Brown albums

title: Category:James Brown albums


text:
Vagoth

The Vagoth (latinised Vagothae) were a Germanic tribe mentioned by Jordanes as living in Scandza. They have been identified with the Geats of Vikbolandet and with the Gutes of Gotland, both in Sweden. They have been variously connected with the two places named by Jordanes, the vastissimus lacus (most vast lake) and the Vagi fluvens (river Vagi). Karl Zeuss thought Vagoth to be a misspelling of Vagos and connected them to the Vagar who later appeared in the Dovrefjell of Norway. Karl Müllenhoff, too, thought the term a corruption. He proposed *Augothi or *Avigothi (Norse *Eygutar) and placed them in Öland.

According to Lithuanian linguist Kazimieras Būga, the Vagoths have given name to Germans and Germany in Lithuanian and Latvian languages (vokietis, vācietis and Vokietija, Vācija), and to Gotland in Finnish and Estonian (Vuojonmaa, Ojamaa “maa” = land). The Latvian linguist Konstantīns Karulis, known for his Dictionary of Latvian Etymology (1992), sees another etymology, similar to in Slavic languages. The name for Germanics may mean approximately "neighbors who speak an incomprehensible language", and be derived from wekʷ, a proto-Indo-European root meaning to speak or to sound, which makes Būga's explanation less attractive.

title: Vagoth


text:
Talk:Martin Freeland

Importance
This article should be expanded. Man With No Name is a popular psychedelic trance artist. Also, in my opinion, once that is done, Man With No Name should be converted into a disambiguation page having links both here and the article about the character in westerns. -Oghmoir 15:45, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Touched up the article a bit, still needs more indepth info, possibly a photo. // Gargaj 00:58, 2005 August 24 (UTC)

title: Talk:Martin Freeland


text:
David Davis (handballer)

David Davis Cámara (born 25 October 1976) is a Spanish handball coach and former player. He currently coaches Egyptian club Al Ahly.

His usual playing position was as left winger. His last team was FC Porto in 2013. In 2014 he became assistant coach in RK Vardar from Skopje, Macedonia. In 2016 he was appointed head coach of ŽRK Vardar. Davis is of Equatorial Guinean ancestry. Since 2014 he has lived a new phase on the bench. He began his work as a coach in the technical team of RK Vardar together with Raúl González Gutiérrez, with whom he won the EHF Champions League in 2017 after having come close to participating in the Final Four in Cologne in the previous two seasons since the League. Macedonia. They again qualified for the EHFCL Final4 in 2018. In the summer of 2018, he took the reins of the Egyptian national team, with whom he competed at the 2019 World Cup in Denmark, achieving a historic eighth place six months later. In October 2018 he took over Telekom Veszprém. In a very complicated season, he managed to recover the team until they became champions of the Hungarian League and the SEHA League, while they managed to reach the Champions League final. The Egyptian Federation then demanded exclusivity from Davis for his project and, faced with the ultimatum, the Spaniard decided to continue as head of Telekom Veszprém. During the pandemic, in the 2019/2020 season and after the cancellation of the national competitions, the team once again earned a place in the Final4. In 2021, after losing in the quarterfinals against Nantes and lifting the Hungarian Cup, Davis disassociated himself from the Magyars. In January 2022, the Spanish coach returns to Skopje to manage RK Vardar, which at this point in the season closes its Champions League group and barely stays alive in the national competition. The team manages to get through the difficult group stage and falls to Telekom Veszprém (after starting a draw with Balaton). Despite numerous injuries and financial difficulties, the Macedonians are proclaimed champions of the League and Cup. The sanction of the EHF that prevents RK Vardar from playing in European competitions separated their paths.

Records as a Coach

 * Winner Velux Champions League 2016–2017
 * SEHA League 2013–2014, 2017
 * Macedonian Handball Cup 2013–2014, 2014–2015, 2015–2016,2016–2017
 * Macedonian Handball Super League 2014–2015, 2015–2016, 2016–2017
 * Egyptian Handball League 2022-2023
 * Egypt Handball Cup 2022-2023
 * African Handball Super Cup 2023

Records with National Team

 * World Championship: 1
 * 2005 – Túnez
 * European Men's Handball Championship:1
 * 2006 – Switzerland/ silver medal
 * Gold medal Mediterranean Games 2005
 * Silver medal European Championship 2006
 * Gold medal Yourth European Championship 1994
 * Campeón España Junior 1995/1996.
 * Campeón de España Junior 1994/1995.
 * 4 Campeonatos de España en Categ. Inferiores
 * 4 Campeonatos de España en Categ. Inferiores

Records with clubs

 * 3 European Handball Championship 2005–2006, 2007–2008, 2008–2009
 * 4 ASOBAL League 2006–2007 2007–2008, 2008–2009, 2009–2010.
 * 5 King's Cup 2004–2005, 2007–2008, 2010–2011, 2011–2012, 2012–13.
 * 3 Supercup of Spain 2007–2008, 2009–2010, 2011–12.
 * 5 ASOBAL Cup 2002–2003, 2005–2006, 2006–2007, 2007–2008, 2010–2011.
 * 1 EHF Cup 1994–1995.
 * 3 European Handball Supercup 2005–2006, 2006–2007, 2008–2009.
 * 3 IHF Super Globe 2006–2007, 2009–2010, 2012–2013.
 * Runner up ASOBAL League 2005–06, 2010–11, 2011–12, 2012–13.
 * Runner up Kings Cup 1999–2000, 2008–2009.
 * Runner up Spain Handball Supercup 2008–2009, 2012–13.
 * Runner up ASOBAL Cup 2012–13.
 * Runner up Europe Cup 2011–12.
 * Runner up EHF Cup Winners' Cup 2003–2004.
 * Runner up EHF City Cup 1999–2000.

title: David Davis (handballer)


text:
Ewa Laurance

Ewa Laurance (former surnames Svensson and Mataya Laurance, born February 26, 1964) is a Swedish professional pool player, most notably on the Women's Professional Billiard Association nine-ball tour, a sports writer, and more recently a sports commentator for ESPN. In 2004, she was inducted into the Billiard Congress of America's Hall of Fame. She has been nicknamed "the Leading Lady of Billiards" and "the Striking Viking".

Playing career
Laurance has been playing pool since she was 4 years old. She moved to the United States in 1981 at 17 years old, after competing in the 1980 WPBA World Straight Pool Championship in New York City. In 1983, she became the first female European player to win a professional pool event in the United States, winning the Clyde Childress 9-Ball Open.

Laurance has won numerous major women's pool titles, including the WPA World Nine-ball Championship, WPBA U.S. Open 9-Ball Championship, WPBA National Championship, International Trick Shot Challenge and the European Pool Championship 14.1.

In 2005, Laurance bested three of her peers, WPBA Tour members Allison Fisher, Dawn Hopkins, and Gerda Hofstatter, at the Women's Trick Shot Challenge held at the New York Hotel Casino in Las Vegas, Nevada, pocketing US$25,000 as the grand prize. Animated and expressive, she played to the audience and the cameras, "a true showperson in her element and a wonderful example to all trick shot artists."

Television
She was the co-host of the GSN original game show Ballbreakers. She has hosted the Ultimate Pool Party on ESPN. She has also been a model, appearing in TV commercials for No Nonsense brand pantyhose, and appeared on National Bingo Night on June 1, 2007. She frequently acts as a color commentator on ESPN telecasts of nine-ball tournaments, usually along with her husband Mitchell Laurance. She has recently been featured on commercials featuring Dick's Pawn Shop in Myrtle Beach, SC.

Writing
She has authored three books: The Ewa Mataya Pool Guide (paperback, ISBN 9780380776450), The Complete Idiot's Guide to Pool & Billiards (paperback, ISBN 9781592572878), and Quick Start Guide to Pocket Billiards (paperback, ISBN 9780071415200). She has also written monthly columns for Pool & Billiard magazine.

Personal life
In 1982, she married the professional pool player Jimmy Mataya, forming pool's first "power couple". They later divorced, with Ewa retaining the surname Mataya, as she was already professionally well known by this name. They have a daughter, Nikki, born in 1985.

In 1994, she married actor Mitch Laurance, later also pool commentator for ESPN and twin brother of actor Matthew Laurance.

Titles and achievements

 * 1981 European Pool Championship 14.1
 * 1983 Clyde Childress 9-Ball Open
 * 1984 Clyde Childress 9-Ball Open
 * 1984 Midwest 9-Ball Open
 * 1984 Milwaukee Doubles Cup
 * 1985 Michigan 9-Ball Open
 * 1985 Midwest 9-Ball Open
 * 1987 Brunswick 9-Ball Team Challenge - with (Mike Sigel)
 * 1988 WPBA U.S. Open 9-Ball Championship
 * 1990 Cleveland Spring Open
 * 1990 East Coast 9-Ball Classic
 * 1990 Sands Regency 9-Ball Open
 * 1990 Cleveland Fall Open
 * 1990 Rocket City Invitational
 * 1990 Billiards Digest Player of the Year
 * 1991 WPBA U.S. Open 9-Ball Championship
 * 1991 WPBA National Championship
 * 1994 WPA World 9-Ball Championship
 * 1995 WPBA Houston Classic
 * 1998 WPBA Brunswick Boston Classic
 * 2004 Billiard Congress of America Hall of Fame
 * 2005 International Trick Shot Challenge
 * 2007 World Cup of Trick Shots
 * 2008 WPBA Hall of Fame
 * 2012 WPBA Masters

title: Ewa Laurance