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George Forster (murderer)

George Forster (or Foster) was found guilty of murdering his wife and child by drowning them in Paddington Canal, London. He was hanged at Newgate on 18 January 1803, shortly after which his body was taken to a nearby house where it was used in an experiment by Italian scientist Giovanni Aldini.

At his trial the events were reconstructed. Forster's mother-in-law recounted that her daughter and grandchild had left her house to see Forster at 4 p.m. on Saturday, 4 December 1802. Joseph Bradfield, in whose house Forster lodged, reported that they had stayed together that night and gone out at 10 a.m. on the Sunday morning. He also stated that Forster and his wife had not been on good terms because she wished to live with him. Various witnesses saw Forster with his wife and child in public houses near Paddington Canal during the day on the Sunday. The body of his child was found on the Monday morning; after the canal was dragged for three days, his wife's body was also found.

Forster claimed that upon leaving The Mitre he set out alone for Barnet in order to see his other two children who were in the workhouse there, though he was forced to turn back at Whetstone due to the failing light. This was contradicted by a waiter at The Mitre who said the three left the inn together. Scepticism was also expressed that he could have walked to Whetstone in the time he claimed. The jury found him guilty. He was sentenced to death and also to be dissected thereafter. This sentence was designed not only to provide medicine with corpses on which to experiment, but also to ensure that the condemned could not rise on Judgement Day, their bodies having been cut into pieces and selectively discarded. Forster was hanged on 18 January, shortly before which he made a full confession. He said he had come to hate his wife and had twice before taken his wife to the canal but his nerve had both times failed him.

A recent BBC Knowledge documentary (Real Horror: Frankenstein) questions the fairness of the trial. It notes that friends of George Forster's wife later claimed that she was extremely suicidal and had often talked about killing herself and her daughter. According to this documentary, Forster attempted suicide by stabbing himself with a crudely fashioned knife. This was to avoid awakening during the dissection of his body, should he not have died when hanged. This was a real possibility owing to the crude methods of execution at the time. The same reference suggests that his 'confession' was obtained under duress. In fact, it alleges that Pass, a Beadle on Aldini's payroll, fast-tracked the whole trial and legal procedure in order to obtain the freshest corpse possible for his benefactor.

After the execution Forster's body was given to Giovanni Aldini for experimentation. Aldini was the nephew of fellow scientist Luigi Galvani and an enthusiastic proponent of his uncle's method of stimulating muscles with electric current, known as Galvanism. The experiment he performed on Forster's body was a demonstration of this technique. The Newgate Calendar (a record of executions at Newgate) reports that, "On the first application of the process to the face, the jaws of the deceased criminal began to quiver, and the adjoining muscles were horribly contorted, and one eye was actually opened. In the subsequent part of the process the right hand was raised and clenched, and the legs and thighs were set in motion."

Several of those present believed that Forster was being brought back to life (The Newgate Calendar reports that even if this had been so, he would have been re-executed since his sentence was to "hang until he be dead") and one man, Mr Pass, the beadle of the Surgeons' Company, was so shocked that he died shortly after leaving. The hanged man was certainly dead, since his blood had been drained and his spinal cord severed after the execution.

Media

 * The Galvanism experiment performed on George Forster was explored in the Science Channel's Dark Matters: Twisted But True.
 * George Forster was noted on History Channel show called, Zombies: A Living History

title: George Forster (murderer)


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Bertinoro

Bertinoro (Bartnòra) is a comune (municipality) in the province of Forlì-Cesena, in the Italian region of Emilia-Romagna. It is located on hill Mount Cesubeo, in Romagna, a few kilometers from the Via Emilia.

History
There are remains of a settlement dating from the Iron Age, next to the frazione of Casticciano. As for Bertinoro itself, it was probably a strongpoint on the Roman road connecting Forlì to Rimini. Later, during the barbaric invasions, it was moved to the current location.

In 1177 the castle, already well developed and known as Castrum Cesubeum, housed the emperor Frederick Barbarossa. The named changed to Castrum Brittinori during the reign of Otto III, becoming seat of the countship.

Main sights

 * The rocca (castle), built around the year 1000. It is now home to the Museum of Holy Arts and a conference center of the University of Bologna.
 * The Communal Palace, built in 1306 by Pino I Ordelaffi
 * Colonna delle Anelle ("Column of the Ring" or "Column of hospitality"). It is a column in white stone with 12 rings erected in 1300 by the noble families of the town to show their hospitality. Each one of the rings corresponded to one family, when the foreigners arrived in the town and tied the horse bridles to a ring they selected their host.
 * The Cathedral, built in the 16th century
 * The pieve (church) of San Donato, in the frazione of Polenta. It became famous as the object of a poem by Giosuè Carducci. It has maintained parts of the original late 9th century edifice.

Culture
Bertinoro is home to a "Hospitality Festival". Held in the first weekend of September, it encompasses an entire night of music, dances and events (between Friday and Saturday), some historic reenactments, and the final hospitality rite (Sunday late morning).

In this ceremony anyone can be hosted for meal by a family in the town simply taking one of the envelopes tied to the rings of the Hospitality column (which inside has the name of the hosting family).

People

 * Obadiah ben Abraham, also known as "The Bartenura" after the town, or "RAV-רע"ב", an abbreviation for "Rabbi Ovadia [of] Bartenura", was a 15th-century rabbi and commentator of the Mishnah.

Twin towns — sister cities
Bertinoro is twinned with:
 * 🇸🇪 Ale, Sweden
 * 🇩🇪 Kaufungen, Germany
 * 🇲🇩 Budești, Moldova

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Bertinoro


text:
104th Brigade (Croatia)

The 104th Brigade (104. brigada) was a unit of the Croatian Army that existed during the Croatian War of Independence.

History
The 104th was formed as part of the Croatian National Guard (Zbor narodne garde) on May 8, 1991, and officially activated as of July 2, 1991. Operations were undertaken in September 1991 as part of blockades of the Yugoslav People's Army at Varaždin, which remains the home of the brigade.

The brigade undertook front line combat duty against Serbian forces in October 1991 and operated there into December 1992, suffering 174 casualties (29 dead). Operations in 1993 resulted in a further 13 casualties (1 dead). Around 12,000 soldiers served in the brigade from 1991 to 1995.

After demobilization, the brigade became a recruit training unit.

Operations

 * Siege of Varaždin Barracks, September 1991
 * Kalnik partisan barracks blockade, September 1991
 * Bjelovar barracks blockade, 1991
 * Nuštar, Slavonia front-line duty, October, 1991
 * Lipik-Pakrac front-line duty, November 1991 - July 1992
 * Posavina front-line duty, to July 1993
 * Operation Flash, 1995
 * Operation Storm, 1995

People

 * Major Mirko Druško, 2nd Battalion Commander
 * Colonel Ivan Matoković, Brigade Commander from 1994
 * Major Vjeran Rožić, Brigade Commander 1993 to 1994
 * Colonel Ivan Rukljić, Brigade Commander to December 15, 1992

title: 104th Brigade (Croatia)


text:
User talk:Anak-Aht

A welcome from Sango123
Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions; I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We're glad to have you in our community! Here are a few good links for newcomers:

 * If you haven't already, drop by the New user log and tell others a bit about yourself.
 * Always sign your posts on talk pages! That way, others will know who left which comments.
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * Simplified Ruleset
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Wikipedia Glossary
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also the Topical index.

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Though we all make goofy mistakes, here is what Wikipedia is not. If you have any questions or concerns, don't hesitate to see the help pages or add a question to the village pump. The Community Portal can also be very useful.

Happy Wiki-ing!

-- Sango  123  17:21, August 22, 2005 (UTC)

P.S. Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you need help with anything or simply wish to say hello. :)

title: User talk:Anak-Aht


text:
User:Sapox

Hi... Hallo...

sapox? yeap, that's me...

so?

title: User:Sapox


text:
Plymstock School

Plymstock School is a state comprehensive secondary school (ages 11–19) in Plymstock, a suburb of Plymouth, Devon, England. It was the first West Devon comprehensive school (built on the core of a post war secondary school) and is now a Specialist Sports College. it has 1,626 students, of whom 240 are in the sixth form. In April 2011, the school became an academy.

Plymstock School was maintained by Devon County Council until 1 April 1967, when it was transferred to Plymouth City Council which has maintained it until April 2011. In 2003 it underwent what was reported as a budget crisis, forcing redundancies and reduced spending on new classrooms to replace temporary facilities.

Many of the latest school ratings, in local and national newspapers, have placed Plymstock in the top 5 of Plymouth schools, with the higher ranked schools being selective or fee-paying schools, and within the top 800 of England. (Herald, The Independent). As of the 2009, OFSTED report, this school has been rated as 'OUTSTANDING.

Plymstock's local feeder primary schools include: Elburton Primary; Hooe Primary; Dunstone Primary; Pomphlett Primary; and Oreston Primary.

History
The school was opened on 26 April 1911 as the Plymstock Senior Mixed School, and replaced the Dean Cross Elementary School for Boys. The first headmaster was T. F. Jarvis. Its name was changed to Plymstock County Senior Mixed School, and then to Plymstock County Secondary School, and in September 1961 to its current name. In 1965, it became a comprehensive school, and the buildings were extended between 1969 and 1970 to accommodate a further 300 pupils.

On 4 April 2006, the school achieved a Guinness World Record for "Most people playing parachute" when 1,547 children played with 58 parachutes at the same time. The world record stood until 30 June 2011, when it was beaten by children from the Gaza Strip with 3520 people.

Notable former pupils

 * Steven Bartlett – businessman, entrepreneur and television personality
 * Sir Keith Blount – Deputy Supreme Allied Commander Europe
 * Sharron Davies – Olympic swimmer and television presenter
 * Chris Dawson – billionaire businessman, founder and owner of The Range
 * Jon Iles – actor
 * Antony Jinman – polar explorer
 * Heather Knight – cricketer
 * Liz White – actress

title: Plymstock School


text:
Henry Winter

Henry Winter (born 18 February 1963) is an English sports journalist. He currently writes for  World Soccer, having previously been the Chief Football Writer for The Times and a Football Correspondent for The Daily Telegraph.

Education
Winter was educated at Westminster School, before graduating from the University of Edinburgh in 1986.

Career
Winter spent a year producing a magazine on sport in London after graduation before joining The Independent at its launch in 1986, writing a sports and schools column.

He moved to The Daily Telegraph in 1994, and produced a daily webcast on the 2006 FIFA World Cup in Germany, giving specific information on the England team. He joined The Times in 2015 to become Chief Football Writer.

Over the course of his career, Winter wrote FA Confidential with former FA chief executive David Davies, and ghost-wrote the autobiographies of Liverpool F.C. players Kenny Dalglish, John Barnes and Steven Gerrard. He wrote Fifty Years of Hurt: The Story of England Football in 2017.

He also makes regular appearances as a pundit on Sky Sports' Sunday Supplement and BBC Radio 5 Live.

Winter revealed on 10 April 2024 that he would be leaving The Times after being made redundant. On 11 June 2024 it was announced that Winter would become a columnist for World Soccer.

Awards
Winter was named Specialist Correspondent of the Year at the British Sports Journalism Awards in 2004, 2009, 2010 and 2013, and Football Writer of the Year in 2016. In 2010, he was named among the top 10 most influential sportswriters in Britain by the trade publication, Press Gazette.

Personal life
Winter's older brother is academic Timothy Winter. He is a trustee of the African social enterprise Alive & Kicking, which manufactures footballs in Kenya and Zambia.

title: Henry Winter


text:
Talk:Dolomite (mineral)

Untitled
I have made a few minor changes to the article on dolomite. Mainly tightening it up and making a few additions. My purpose was to broaden the initial paragraph to cover dolomite (rock) as well as the mineral. It is clear from what follows the initial paragraph that the article covers both the rock and mineral. It is my intention to later make a substantial revision to add considerable material covering the various processes of dolomitization. I am somewhat uncomfortable with the term "Dolomite Problem" although it is widely used in introductory texts. The "problem" in the past was that there apparently were large volumes of ancient strata that was dolomitized and only rare occurrences of dolomite in Recent sediments. This really is no problem today. During the past 30 years dolomite has been found forming at the surface of the Earth, in the marine environment and in the subsurface all over the world. There are apparently a number of mechanisms by which dolomite forms. I intend to cover these later. I am also uncomfortable with citing "gray literature" and "internet sources" for compiling an article of this kind. The source article by van Lith et al. (2000) is legitimate but it is only an abstract. I believe that there are more recent publications by this group that can be cited. I am very skeptical about using the self published on line article (book) by Deelman as a source. There likely are some very good reasons why this work has failed to survive peer review and is not published in the formal scientific literature. I would like to rewrite the section on the kinetics of dolomitization. Possibly, it would be best to be less technical here. Even well educated science students usually do not understand concepts like “breaking Ostwald’s rule”. Actually, what is described in that section of the text is “Ostwald’s step rule” so whoever initially wrote it did not understand it either. In any event, more later. Jay Gregg 17:22, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

 * How about "Dolomite Question". "Problem" seems like it needs to be "fixed" but "questions" can be "answered" ... in many ways. This leaves the issue open to discovery of new deposits, new theories, and anything else that might shed some light in the future. --Emana 23:05, 25 July 2006 (UTC)

Dolomite
This should be a letter to the author (s)? of the dolomite text.

I would ask You to to correct the word sulubility and point out the reaction speed as main difference. Dolomite is completely soluble in HCl, no matter if concentrated or dilute, the same as calcite. The difference between both is only the reaction speed, which differs by a factor of 1000 or so. Dolomite is also completely suluble in vinegar, You just have to wait long enough, pulverize it fine enough and heat the acetic acid long enough.

Manfred Weigend, Geologist, from Muenchen, Germany — Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.193.3.182 (talk) 17:46, 25 November 2005 (UTC)

Reply:

Hello Manfred,

glad to read your text since hard to find with google information about the reaction between dolomite and vinegar.

When I put enough dolomite to the vinegar, the liquid turns yellowish and fine powder is formed at bottom which seems more like gray not anymore white.

Can you tell us, what happens here and why?

I use vinegar solution of dolomite to feed microalgae spirulina. Also you can use vinegar to leach stones out of minerals.

Thats how we can make microalgae cultivation nature-friendly and sustainable, since no synthetic chemicals is needed not even sodium bicarbonate, as we replace it with potassium carbonate (from potassium hydroxide aka wood ash and water).

I have the study unfortunately only in finnish yet, but maybe you can google translate it and lets make this open innovation forward together:

http://spirulinasuomi.wordpress.com/

- Henri Lentonen, Finland, inventor — Preceding unsigned comment added by Spirulinasuomi (talk • contribs) 02:24, 6 July 2018 (UTC)

Slang Use
I think there should be some mention of the term dolomite as it is used in slang, so that searchers can make the connection between the term and popular culture. For more information, see: http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=dolomite http://www.twiztv.com/scripts/futurama/futurama502.htm

 * Put it on the disabig page - see link at the top. Vsmith 12:54, 4 August 2007 (UTC)

Use in fiction
I added information regarding the mineral's use on the TV series Futurama, but another editor quickly removed it as "trivia". What do others think? Should this sort of thing be included in this entry? Is no use of dolomite in fictional works to be included here, or only those deemed "trivial"? Alvis 04:38, 2 August 2007 (UTC)
 * A lying robot's claims about dolomite do not seem either encyclopedic nor as coming from a trusted source. I think not trusting Bender is appropriate for Futurama.  Maybe he'll provide citations in the credits for the movies.  (SEWilco 05:51, 2 August 2007 (UTC))
 * It's not that I TRUST a fictional character (how is that even possible?), but that the mineral is mentioned as a central point to the climax of the episode. I even wrote "claims to be made of" rather than IS made of, as that's all the citation supports.  Alvis 04:55, 4 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Don't need the trivial drivel here - put it in the Futurama article or make a link on the disambig page if you feel it to be notable. Vsmith 12:54, 4 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Wow, Wiki writers are sometimes lacking in knowledge. It was PROFESSOR FARNSWORTH who noted that Seymour was encased in Dolomite, NOT Bender! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 58.178.225.111 (talk) 18:30, 8 April 2010 (UTC)

 * "It's Dolomite baby!" Allthenamesarealreadytaken (talk) 21:11, 3 February 2021 (UTC)

Uses
I'd like to propose that we include construction as one of the uses of dolomite. I don't know about current practice, since most residential consuction is now sticks, but dolomite was used extensively in rock construction as well as in foundations. Perhaps not the best rock to use, but in the midwest, especially near the mississippi river near the Driftless area, dolomite was used heavily in foundation and building construction. In fact I live in a house in Le Claire, IA with a dolomite foundation and 1st floor walls. There is an actively mined dolomite quarry less than a mile away. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 143.85.192.241 (talk) 17:20, 31 March 2010 (UTC)
 * I think you are referring to Dolostone correct?--Kevmin (talk) 17:42, 31 March 2010 (UTC)
 * ya ummm Kevmin Dolostone and Dolomite are the same thing. (Emily Rossii)--24.101.204.98 (talk) 22:36, 28 February 2011 (UTC)

Separation

Should the mineral and rock sections of this article be separated in to their respective parts? It seems a decent amount of information would apply to only the mineral, or only to the rock. Davo499 (talk) 08:48, 20 November 2010 (UTC)

Contribution to Geology by France
"... it was described as a rock by the French ..." — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.188.111.178 (talk) 00:12, 26 June 2013 (UTC)

First mention
This discussion was moved here from User talk:JeffDellbart.

Dolomite
After noticing the sudden inclusion of work by Balthasar Hacquet in the Wiki on dolomite, I have taken the trouble to check his books before taking any action. Early August 2013 I was able to read "Oryctographia Carniola, oder physikalische Erdbeschreibung des Herzogthums Krain, Istrien und zum Theil der benachbarten Laender" (1778) in the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek in Munich. On p.155 of that book Hacquet stated to have found various limestone-like formations in the region of Laubach (Lublanza) near the Mokriss mountain. Most of these limestones had been changed into "Stinksteine and fossils could be found in these rocks. Among these rocks was a LAPIDE SUILLO, or as Hacquet stated: "Unter diesen ist eines merkwuerdig, welches in einem LAPIDE SUILLO, oder Stinksteine von grauer und schwarzer Farbe bricht" (p.155). This particular rock contained many fossils described as "... olivenfoermige Koerper ohne Stiel". However, I could not find any data on the chemistry of the Lapide Suillo, nor anything about a possible reaction with acid. The acid reaction is the fundamental means to distinguish dolomite from limestone in the field. The second book I consulted was volume two of the same "Oryctographia Carniolica oder physikalische Erdbeschreibung etc." published in 1781 by J. G. I. Breikopf, Leipzig, 186 p. (BSB 4 Lith 125 a-2). In this book Hacquet wrote on p.5 to have found, in the area of Rubnik near the village of Vorle ("unterm Teil der Oberkrain") a fine, homogeneous powder that would not react with acid. The powder had formed as a result of the weathering of a limestone. This rock reminded Hacquet of the "MARMOR TARDUM" described by Linnaeus, because the unweathered rock was much harder than limestone would normally be. Because Balthasar Hacquet himself mentions the "MARMOR TARDUM" of Linnaeus, there can be no claim whatever of Hacquet's concept of LAPIDE SUILLO taking the historical priority. Please do remember, and do try check this, that the remarks on Marmor Tardum appeared in Tomus 3 of the "Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus & differentiis" (Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 236 p.), which appeared in the year 1768. In other words, clearly the remarks by Linnaeus take precedence over those by Hacquet (1781). My somewhat hesitating wording of "Most probably ..." find their origin in the fact, that as a scientist you never know for certain what already exists in print. Maybe some Medieval book from 1432 will soon be discovered, where the mineral dolomite was described in minute detail. In other words: it is quite certain, that the description of dolomite by Linnaeus is older than that by Hacquet, but it is not certain whether descriptions taking priority over that by Linnaeus, do exist. On the basis of the above verifiable arguments, I do urge you to restore the Wiki on dolomite to the state it was in on 25 September 2013. With kind regards,   JeffDellbart (talk) 18:11, 27 September 2013 (UTC)

 * Hi, this is a valuable information that should be published somewhere. However, it is also an original synthesis. Per WP:SECONDARY, "All interpretive claims, analyses, or synthetic claims about primary sources must be referenced to a secondary source, rather than to an original analysis of the primary-source material by Wikipedia editors." This unfortunately means that unless you can provide a reliable secondary source to back the claim Linnaeus was the first to describe the dolomite, this claim can't be included in the article. --Eleassar my talk 20:46, 29 September 2013 (UTC)

Dear Eleassar, It is a well-known fact, that De Saussure (1792), in his paper on the analysis of the new mineral "Dolomie" (full reference = Analyse de la Dolomie, Journal de Physique, vol.40, pp.161-173), made a very clear reference to the publication of Linnaeus (1768), where MARMOR TARDUM (the limestone-like rock that did not react with acid) was mentioned. As stated by De Saussure (1792) on p.161 of the Journal de Physique (1792)the description of "dolomite" by Linnaeus (1768) takes precedence even over that by De Dolomieu (1791): "M. de Dolomieu a reconnu cette pierre dans quelques monumens de l'ancienne Rome & dans les lits des torrens qui prennent leur origine dans les Alpes; il l'a vue en place dans les montangnes du Tyrol. Linnaeus qui connoissoit la dolomie, nous apprend qu'elle se trouve à Roedberg en Norwege; il lui donne le nom expressit de MARMOR TARDUM, en la definissant ainsi: Marmor particulis subimpalpalibus album diaphanum. Hoc simile quartzo, durum, distinctum quod com aqua forti non, nisi posit aliquot minima & fero, effervecsens." In other words, pointing out that the mineral dolomite was described first by Linnaeus is certainly not my "original research". In combination with the reference made by Balthasar Hacquet in his own book (vol.2 of his "Oryctographia Carniolica", p.5)to the description of MARMOR TARDUM by Linnaeus, no one can ever claim again that Hacquet was the first to describe the mineral dolomite. Therefore, I do implore you to change back the WIKI on the mineral dolomite to the situation of Wednesday 25 September 2013, because all those who claim the historical priority for Hacquet are so evidently in the wrong. At the same time I would like to suggest to include most of our discussion, with all the facts mentioned, in the WIKI on Belsazar Hacquet. If you like the idea, I promise to help you with the text, translation of the Latin, French and German texts, the materials and the references. With kind regards, JeffDellbart (talk) 18:47, 2 October 2013 (UTC)

 * Ok, I have restored the version that you've cited. I've tagged it with primary-inline, because the primary source that you have cited there needs to be replaced with a secondary source. --Eleassar my talk 05:29, 3 October 2013 (UTC)

Revision of this Article is Needed
After a rather long hiatus I am again in a position to do some editorial work for Wikipedia. I would like to start with this article on “dolomite” which is in bad need of revision by someone who actually knows something about the petrology and mineralogy of carbonate rocks. Among the problems with this article are: 1) There is no clear distinction between the mineral dolomite and the rock dolomite.  I suggest that the mineral should have a separate article.  2) Some of the references that are cited are out dated and/or incorrect. 3) The section titled “History”, though interesting, is of little scientific value and certainly should not be the first heading in the article. (It also seems to be one person’s opinion as it differs greatly with most other published accounts of the discovery of the rock). 4) The section on “Formation” is totally incorrect. Dolomite, displaying unambiguous cation ordering, has never been synthesized at ambient temperatures in the laboratory. There is no mention at all of the several mechanisms of dolomitization of limestone that are thought to be important. 5) The section on uses barely mentions the importance of dolomite as a petroleum reservoir. Possibly as much as 30% of all petroleum reserves are hosted by dolomite reservoirs!  The impression is given that this is secondary to other rather trivial uses, such as motorcycle tracks in Australia! If there are no objections, I will undertake to revise this article later this year.  I humbly submit that I am qualified to do this as I have worked on dolomite as a geologist for many years and recently co-presented a short course on Dolomite for the American Association of Petroleum Geologists.  Would there be any objections to splitting the article into one for the mineral dolomite and the other for the rock dolomite. Jay Gregg (talk) 18:54, 28 April 2014 (UTC)
 * Welcome back.
 * The two articles (mineral and rock) already exist. This one is supposed to be the mineral article - hence the mineral infobox. Dolostone was started for the "rock" content. And I'm aware that you dislike the term dolostone as used to differentiate the two. The rock article could be moved/renemed to Dolomite (rock). Both articles could be improved.
 * Indeed the use of dolomite formations as hydrocarbon reservoirs needs to be included and the uses listed currently are indeed rather trivial. The dolomite rock/dolostone article is a stub needing improvement and would be the place for discussing the stratigraphic importance. Vsmith (talk) 00:40, 29 April 2014 (UTC)

File:Dolomite-Magnésite- Navarre.jpg to appear as POTD
Hello! This is a note to let the editors of this article know that File:Dolomite-Magnésite- Navarre.jpg will be appearing as picture of the day on May 27, 2015. You can view and edit the POTD blurb at Template:POTD/2015-05-27. If this article needs any attention or maintenance, it would be preferable if that could be done before its appearance on the Main Page. Thanks! — Crisco 1492 (talk) 23:45, 7 May 2015 (UTC)

Etymology of "stink stone"
The POTD above contains an etymology for the name "stink stone". It might be good to put this in the substantive article.ArthurDent006.5 (talk) 09:47, 4 February 2016 (UTC)

request to remove section "Formation of dolomite from solution and its link with biogenic dolomite"
This section stinks of self promotion by the authors Juan Diego Rodriguez-Blanco, Samuel Shaw and Liane G. Benning of the paper 'A route for the direct crystallization of dolomite' The user 188.178.215.130 added the article in May 2015, the same month the article was published. Furthermore the IP address checks out to Copenhagen, Denmark the home university of the lead author Juan Diego Rodriguez-Blanco.

It makes absolutely no mention of significant volumes of work in this area by Kaczmarek and Sibley (and many others Im sure but those 2 come to mind instantly at this moment).

Request removal (unsigned post from anonymous editor at 86.4.253.244, July 27 at 14:52; section re-organized by Eric)
 * I don't know a thing about dolomite or about the significance of the experiment described in this section, but I do wonder if this article is the place for an abstract on a paper describing a specific experiment., , others: your thoughts? Eric talk 15:20, 27 July 2017 (UTC)

 * Thanks for stating concerns about this section of text. I have removed the section from the article because it is a copyright violation of the abstract of the cited source reference (http://www.minsocam.org/msa/ammin/toc/2015/open_access/AM100P1172.pdf ). Even if it was added as self-promotion by the authors of the cited article, the authors do not own the copyright. Although this is an Open Access article, it's not copyright-free. The copyright of the article is owned by the Mineralogical Society of America (see https://msa.minsocam.org/permissions.html ), and I see no evidence that this organization has granted written permission for the abstract that would allow it to be reproduced in Wikipedia. I don't have the time right now to evaluate the merit of the scientific information in the cited article but at least the removal of the text because of copyright violation removes the need for an urgent decision about the scientific merits. GeoWriter (talk) 16:58, 28 July 2017 (UTC)
 * Thanks, . I suspected the section should go, but didn't want to act unilaterally. Eric talk 23:49, 28 July 2017 (UTC)
 * I'm marking this edit request as closed as GeoWriter has already removed the section. -- st 170  e  23:56, 29 July 2017 (UTC)

Dolomite/Dolostone
From the discussion at the article on Dolostone, I find there is controversy whether the rock should be also called Dolomite or should have a separate name Dolostone. Without trying to take any side, could this article include a section on Dolomite rock/Dolostone, with at least one picture of the rock from the Dolostone article, a short explanation about naming, a summary from the Dolostone article and a clear link to that article. Coming from a language where such a dichotomy is not made it can be very confusing at the moment. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 78.62.135.112 (talk • contribs) 12:33, 10 December 2017 (UTC)
 * Image added. Vsmith (talk) 16:07, 10 December 2017 (UTC)

Proposed name changes
Although I am a complete layman in these matters, I have been on WP for some years. If I end up being more confused at the end of an article than when I started, there's usually something going on behind the scenes: and lo and behold! a naming controversy.

Having ploughed my way through these talk pages, (yay, Bender!) I wondered what other languages call the stuff. The French and Italians have different names for the mineral, fr:Dolomite, it:Dolomite and the rock fr:Dolomie, it:Dolomia, so no problem for them. Languages like German and English confusingly use the same word for both, but German WP sensibly has de:Dolomit (Mineral) and de:Dolomit (Gestein).

In order to minimize confusion in the minds of lesser, non-scientific mortals like me and other average readers of WP, I propose that what is currently Dolomite be renamed to Dolomite (mineral), and Dolostone to Dolomite (rock). I'm posting this message on both talk pages. I leave you with the stunning alien landscape of the Cirque de Mourèze. >MinorProphet (talk) 14:35, 6 April 2019 (UTC)
 * Agree Sounds like an improvement to me. Re the article title for the rock, I would suggest considering Dolomitic rock over Dolomite (rock). And note: A search on the term dolostone yields no result in the AHD. Eric talk 04:01, 7 April 2019 (UTC)
 * Agree with renaming the two articles to Dolomite (mineral) and Dolomite (rock). I do not like Dolomitic rock as a possible title for the rock type because its use is rare compared to "dolomite" or "dolostone". It would have been good if geologists could have widely adopted the term "dolostone" for dolomite (rock) several decades ago but unfortunately that did not happen and therefore the use of "dolostone", for the name of the rock type, is still not as widespread as dolomite. GeoWriter (talk) 15:58, 7 April 2019 (UTC)
 * Page moved per above, and per the request at WP:RM/TR.  Ss  112   18:33, 24 April 2019 (UTC)
 * Dolostone hasn't yet been moved to Dolomite (rock). Also, who wants to fix all the incoming links to Dolomite? DuncanHill (talk) 18:45, 24 April 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dolomite (mineral)


text:
Stevens Stadium

Stevens Stadium is a 7,000-seat soccer stadium on the west coast of the United States, located on the campus of Santa Clara University in Santa Clara, California. The stadium is the current home of the Santa Clara Broncos soccer teams and was the former home of the now-defunct football team as well as the baseball team. The baseball team moved to their new home at Stephen Schott Stadium in 2005.

The former home of the San Jose Earthquakes of Major League Soccer, the stadium's capacity was increased in the winter of 2007 from a capacity of 6,800 to 10,300. It was named Buck Shaw Stadium up until a renovation was done in 2015.

Stadium history
Buck Shaw Stadium opened its gates for the first time on September 22, 1962 when it hosted a football game between UC Davis and Santa Clara. Named for Lawrence T. "Buck" Shaw, a former football coach of the SCU Broncos, the playing surface still retains his name to the present day, being named Buck Shaw Field. The stadium was used for football games until 1992 and baseball games until 2005.

In 2005, the venue was converted from a multipurpose facility to a soccer-only facility when the dugouts, baseball infield, and baseball backstop were permanently removed. The name was changed to Stevens Stadium following a renovation project in 2015; the project was funded by a $7.7 million donation from alumna Mary Stevens and her husband Mark.

The stadium is the current location of the commencement ceremonies for the university. The site was first used for the undergraduate commencement on Saturday, June 9, 2001.

San Jose Earthquakes
On October 26, 2007, the San Jose Earthquakes of Major League Soccer announced that they would play a majority of their home games during the 2008 season at the stadium. Upgrades such as additional seating and bathrooms were added to the stadium in order for it to comply with MLS standards and funded by the Earthquakes organization over the last part 2008. The capacity was increased from 6,800 seats to 10,300 seats. In addition, the field was moved closer to the existing grandstand, with a small section removed from section 107 to accommodate the shift. The Santa Clara practice field between the Leavey Center and Stevens was replaced with an "Italgrass" artificial turf surface.

Drainage improvements were also made to the stadium's field in concert with the field crown being removed to produce a flat pitch. A new video scoreboard was added along with additional concession and merchandising stands. General facilities were also modernized or improved including the addition of new lighting, a TV press box, new sound system, and an additional grandstand on the stadium's west side. The new grandstand included all of the seating additions made to the stadium. About half of the new grandstand included tip up seating. Overall, the enhancements cost around $4 million.

After the Earthquakes departed for their new Avaya Stadium, the university undertook an improvement project that removed the original east side press box from the stadium as well as the Earthquakes temporary bleachers on the west side of the stadium. In their place a new smaller permanent west side grandstand, press box and entry plaza were installed. Capacity of the stadium was reduced back to 7,000 permanent seats as a result.

Soccer
In summer of 1981 the stadium was the main venue for the World Games 1981.

During the 1994 FIFA World Cup, the stadium was the official practice field of the Brazil soccer team. The Brazilians won the World Cup that year. It also played host to the Romanian national team for their practice prior to that year's quarterfinal match.

Stevens Stadium set a record for highest attendance at a women's outdoor collegiate sporting event in 1996. The 1996 NCAA Division I women's soccer tournament semifinals and finals were played at Buck Shaw, which had its capacity temporarily expanded to 8,800 seats and sold out both days of the tournament. The championship game attendance record was broken the following year in 1997 at UNCG Soccer Stadium in Greensboro, North Carolina.

In 2009, the stadium also hosted FC Gold Pride, one of the seven charter teams of Women's Professional Soccer. However, Gold Pride moved to Castro Valley High School, and then Pioneer Stadium in Hayward, for the 2010 season.

Rugby
The stadium has also hosted several international rugby matches. In 2006, Buck Shaw hosted three pool matches in the Churchill Cup rugby union competition, becoming the first U.S. venue to host matches in that tournament (all matches in the 2003–2005 editions had been in Canada). In May 2009 the stadium again hosted an international rugby match, with 10,000 fans turning out to watch the game between the United States and Ireland.

title: Stevens Stadium


text:
WHO disease staging system for HIV infection and disease

WHO Disease Staging System for HIV Infection and Disease was first produced in 1990 by the World Health Organization and updated in 2007. It is an approach for use in resource limited settings and is widely used in Africa and Asia and has been a useful research tool in studies of progression to symptomatic HIV disease. Most of these conditions are opportunistic infections that are easily treated in healthy people. The staging system is different for adults and adolescents and children.

Stage I: HIV disease is asymptomatic and not categorized as AIDS.

Stage II: include minor mucocutaneous manifestations and recurrent upper respiratory tract infections.

Stage III: includes unexplained chronic diarrhea for longer than a month, severe bacterial infections and pulmonary tuberculosis.

Stage IV: includes toxoplasmosis of the brain, candidiasis of the esophagus, trachea, bronchi or lungs and Kaposi's sarcoma; these diseases are used as indicators of AIDS.


text: User talk:221.27.2.247

title: User talk:221.27.2.247


text:
Category:Alumni of Magdalene College, Cambridge

See also Category:Fellows of Magdalene College, Cambridge.


text:
User talk:Getoar

This user has retired and is no longer active on Wikipedia. Thank you!

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ArbCom elections are now open!
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ArbCom elections are now open!
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File:Sanxhaku ne kosove.JPG listed for discussion
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Nomination of Nuages Jazz for deletion
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Good article reassessment for Adem Jashari
Adem Jashari has been nominated for a good article reassessment. If you are interested in the discussion, please participate by adding your comments to the reassessment page. If concerns are not addressed during the review period, the good article status may be removed from the article.  // Timothy :: talk  23:31, 4 November 2023 (UTC)

Good article reassessment for Adem Jashari
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"Корки Бучек" listed at Redirects for discussion
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title: User talk:Getoar


text:
File:Childhoodmemories.jpg

Fair use rationale for use in Childhood Memories (song)
Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because: Strangerer (Talk) 15:20, 6 June 2007 (UTC)
 * 1) It is a low resolution copy of an album cover.
 * 2) The image is only a small portion of the commercial product.
 * 3) The use of the cover will not affect the value of the original work or limit the copyright holder's rights or ability to distribute the original album.
 * 4) It illustrates educational articles about the album from which the cover illustration was taken.
 * 5) The image is used as the primary means of visual identification of topics in the article.  For an article about an album or artist, the cover artwork is very important and adds significantly to the article.
 * 6) It is not replaceable with an uncopyrighted or freely copyrighted image of comparable educational value.

title: File:Childhoodmemories.jpg


text:
User talk:Kunderemp

A welcome from Sango123
Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions; I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We're glad to have you in our community! Here are a few good links for newcomers:

 * If you haven't already, drop by the New user log and tell others a bit about yourself.
 * Always sign your posts on talk pages! That way, others will know who left which comments.
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * Simplified Ruleset
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
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 * Manual of Style
 * Wikipedia Glossary
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also the Topical index.

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Though we all make goofy mistakes, here is what Wikipedia is not. If you have any questions or concerns, don't hesitate to see the help pages or add a question to the village pump. The Community Portal can also be very useful.

Happy Wiki-ing!

-- Sango  123  17:25, August 22, 2005 (UTC)

P.S. Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you need help with anything or simply wish to say hello. :)

Welcome
How are you (apa kabar) ? And welcome to Wikipedia! Just to let you know, at the Indonesian WikiProject there are a group of editors collaborating to improve the articles related to Indonesia. We hope you can join us to make the project even better!

Here are some Indonesia-related project resources which may be of use:
 * Indonesian WikiProject
 * Indonesia Portal

Hope you find these useful. If not you can improve them, it's Wikipedia! Okay, happy editing and take care.

cheers -- Imo eng  03:14, 16 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Ahhahaha, sorry mate, abisan gak nongol2 sih di project. Well, just follow the link to the project and add your name there. If you want, you can add the userbox as well. Cheers -- Imo eng  20:28, 17 August 2006 (UTC)

Articles for deletion/The Indonesian Ethnic Chinese and the view of nationhood

 * I've put that The Indonesian Ethnic Chinese and the view of nationhood page up for deletion. The contents have been merged to Chinese Indonesian.  Please add your vote  here.  Thanks. Julius.kusuma 14:49, 8 September 2006 (UTC)

Java collaboration
Hi ! Starting today, the Indonesia Collaboration is Java. Come along and help make this an article worthy of the world’s greatest island. There’s a suggested to-do list on the the talk page to which you can add, or just pick a task. All sorts of tasks are required, Images, Citations, Research, Copy Edit; you name it, it needs to be done – this important article needs your help!! Regards -- Imo  eng  08:43, 31 October 2006 (UTC)

WikiProject Indonesia Newsletter
If you prefer to get a link to the next newsletters instead of receiving them, please add your name to this list.

Indonesia collaboration
Hi ! It's the last few days of the Garuda Indonesia collaboration. Please contribute!!!

Also, could you please vote for the next fortnight's collaboration? Please vote down the bottom of this page. The collab for the fortnight will be decided this Sunday 26th (or Monday at the latest). By the way, we could also chose Garuda Indonesia for another week.

So please visit and help choose the next article. Any questions/comments, please let me know. I'd love to hear from you particularly if you have any good suggestions! :-) --Merbabu 10:26, 24 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Hi again, ! This fortnight we've chosen: >>>Majapahit Kingdom<<<. Please help in referencing, check my newly added headings, improve prose, diagrams, but most importantly is RESEARCH so we can actually grow the article. Any other suggestions for improvement, please leave on the article's talk page. Yes, please discuss on talk page!
 * Also, can you please post suggestions for the following fortnight's collaboration. Please leave your suggestions at the bottom of this page. Hopefully i will remember to remind you to vote in about a week (someone else remind me!).--Merbabu 14:23, 27 November 2006 (UTC)

Hello there. For the next two weeks we have chosen >>>Indonesian War of Independence<<< for the Indonesia Collab. Also, please vote for the next fortnight. Maybe we should chose a stub article. So far, we have had already longish articles and they are therfore hard to expand. Here's a list of Indonesian underdeveloped articles:. Please let me know if you have any suggestions (or if you do not want me to message you about the collabs). kind regards --Merbabu 12:50, 11 December 2006 (UTC)

Hi there. This fortnight's Indonesia Collaboration is > > > Indonesian language < < <. Please contribute! Please nominate for the next collab here. What about choosing one the shorter Indonesia stubs this time? kind regards Merbabu 15:23, 25 December 2006 (UTC)

The Barnstar
Ah, thank you Kunderemp. I've never looked at my userpage and was surprised by the barnstar. Thanks, but I didn't do much. Only added an intro. It's a bit pity that the main page of the Indonesian War of Independence article did not get expanded properly. Anyway, thanks for the gift ;-). — Indon ( reply ) — 19:35, 26 December 2006 (UTC)

WikiProject Indonesia - February Newsletter
Hello there! Please click here for the latest edition of the Wikiproject Indonesia Newsletter.

We hope it gets you interested in the some aspect of the project. Please contact Indon or Merbabu if you have any comments or suggestions (or do not want to receive this newsletter). regards Merbabu 08:51, 27 February 2007 (UTC)

Ottoman language Wikipedia
Hello Kunderemp

I am a history teacher from Istanbul, in Turkey. We need your vote for opening Ottoman Language wikipedia

--Tarih 21:05, 22 March 2007 (UTC)

Indonesia collaboration
Hello everybody. I’ve updated the current Indonesia collaboration to > > > Central Java < < <
 * New collaboration...

This article’s not in a very good condition but such a significant part of Indonesia, the cultural heart of the Javanese. Please contribute! Thanks to all those contributed to the previous collaboration Sidoarjo mud flow particularly Indon. For the next collaboration in a fortnight, I’d like to try something different. Let’s chose a stub rather than an already well-developed article. Here is a list of Indonesian stubs to choose (there’s two pages). Please check the article's importance rating – let's chose an important and significant article that will appeal to a broad range of people. Please do not choose an obscure and/or esoteric topic that is not very important. Please place your nomination here.
 * The next collaboration...

Any questions, please let me know. Kind regards --Merbabu 05:02, 21 April 2007 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Magic_weapons_nuwa.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Magic_weapons_nuwa.jpg. The image has been identified as not specifying the copyright status of the image, which is required by Wikipedia's policy on images. If you don't indicate the copyright status of the image on the image's description page, using an appropriate copyright tag, it may be deleted some time in the next seven days. If you have uploaded other images, please verify that you have provided copyright information for them as well.

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Indonesia collaboration = Jakarta
Hello there, this fortnight's Indonesia project collaboration is > > > Jakarta < < <. Please contribute. The most important thing is to find reliable references for all existing information, and for any new info added.

Also, please help nominate an article for the next collaboration at the collab nomination page. An underdeveloped or stub article is preferred over a long and developed article. Please nominate up to two articles. any questions, please let me know. Kind regards and happy editing. --Merbabu 11:40, 7 September 2007 (UTC)

Kalau bisa
Please could we have new talk items at the bottom of the page - your points need to be considered - they wont if they are embedded in the top of the page - cheers - and thanks for your thoughts. Mohon maaf if I seem abrupt on the shopping centre/statue issue - lets see if anyone else has an idea - SatuSuro 03:09, 12 September 2007 (UTC)

 * I have answered. Thanks. Kunderemp 04:48, 12 September 2007 (UTC)

Communications in Indonesia for collab?
Hi, Communications in Indonesia currently has the most votes for the next collab but I think we should agree on a direction for the article before we make it the collab. In the meantime I will post Sutan Sjahrir as next fortnight's collab. As one of the nominators, can you please put your thoughts on Talk:Communications in Indonesia? Many thanks. --Merbabu 09:34, 21 September 2007 (UTC)

GA reassessment of Indonesian National Revolution
I have conducted a reassessment of the above article as part of the GA Sweeps process. I have found some concerns which you can see at Talk:Indonesian National Revolution/GA1. I have placed the article on hold whilst these are fixed. Thanks. Jezhotwells (talk) 18:42, 19 February 2010 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
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Asian 10,000 Challenge invite
Hi. The WikiProject Asia/The 10,000 Challenge has recently started, based on the UK/Ireland The 10,000 Challenge and WikiProject Africa/The 10,000 Challenge. The idea is not to record every minor edit, but to create a momentum to motivate editors to produce good content improvements and creations and inspire people to work on more countries than they might otherwise work on. There's also the possibility of establishing smaller country or regional challenges for places like South East Asia, Japan/China or India etc, much like The 1000 Challenge (Nordic). For this to really work we need diversity and exciting content and editors from a broad range of countries regularly contributing. At some stage we hope to run some contests to benefit Asian content, a destubathon perhaps, aimed at reducing the stub count would be a good place to start, based on the current WikiProject Africa/The Africa Destubathon which has produced near 200 articles in just three days. If you would like to see this happening for Asia, and see potential in this attracting more interest and editors for the country/countries you work on please sign up and being contributing to the challenge! This is a way we can target every country of Asia, and steadily vastly improve the encyclopedia. We need numbers to make this work so consider signing up as a participant! Thank you. -- Ser Amantio di Nicolao Che dicono a Signa?Lo dicono a Signa. 05:02, 20 October 2016 (UTC)

title: User talk:Kunderemp


text:
Heat–Knicks rivalry

The Heat–Knicks rivalry is a National Basketball Association (NBA) rivalry between the Miami Heat and the New York Knicks. During the late 1990s and early 2000s, the two teams met in the NBA playoffs four years in a row from 1997–2000, with the Knicks winning three of those series and the Heat winning one. The teams most recently met in the Eastern Conference Semifinals of the 2023 NBA playoffs, which the Heat won in six games.

The Heat–Knicks rivalry was one of the fiercest in the NBA, and Sports Illustrated considered it the third-best NBA rivalry. Prior to the 1997 NBA playoffs, no two NBA teams had ever met in the playoffs for four consecutive seasons, with each series going to the maximum possible number of games. The aggressive nature of those four series, defensive struggles marked by numerous foul calls, and intensely physical play, can be traced to the highly defensive style of Pat Riley, former coach of both teams and the rivalry's central figure. This 1990s rivalry created some of the most highly anticipated matchups during its short-lived tenure.

Background
On March 1, 1991, Dave Checketts was named as the team president for the New York Knicks, and hired Riley as head coach for the 1992 season. He turned New York into contenders in a short time, culminating with an Eastern Conference championship in 1994 before losing to Houston in the 1994 NBA Finals, which denied New York from having NBA and NHL championships in the same year, as the Rangers won Game 7 of the 1994 Stanley Cup Finals over the Canucks during the Finals.

Unable to repeat a trip to the Finals in 1995, Riley stepped down as the Knicks' head coach. At the time, many speculated either that he thought the Knicks were no longer a title threat and wanted to move on, or wanted more power. Riley answered that question on September 2, 1995, when he took over as team president and head coach of the Miami Heat. His move caused some controversy, as the Knicks accused Miami of tampering while he was still under contract, which was settled after Miami sent their 1996 first round pick (#19 – Walter McCarty) and $1 million in cash to New York on September 1, 1995. Before the rivalry began the only notable occurrence between the teams was the Heat ending the Knicks 15 game win streak in 1994.

1997 Eastern Conference semifinals
In only Riley's second season as Miami's head coach, the Heat dethroned New York as Atlantic Division champions. This set up one of the most dramatic playoff series in NBA history, when these teams met in the Eastern Conference Semifinals. The matchup was set up when the Knicks swept the Charlotte Hornets and the Heat needing the full five games to dispose of their in-state rivals the Orlando Magic in the opening round. Game 1, which the Knicks won 88–79, was iced by Ewing's dunk on Mourning. Jamal Mashburn's 3 put Game 2 out of reach and tied the series at 1 with an 88–84 victory. In Game 3 in New York, Ewing went out and blocked a potential game-tying 3 from Tim Hardaway, then secured the loose ball. The Knicks won 77–73. New York won Game 4 89–76, dominating Miami the entire way to gain a 3–1 series lead.

Miami won Game 5 96–81, which was highlighted by a brawl that started when P.J. Brown objected to Charlie Ward's attempt to gain position for a rebound. Brown flipped Ward over his head and body-slammed him, and a melee ensued. The Knicks and their fans speculated that Riley told Brown to start a brawl in the hopes that Knicks players would get suspended, since the series was unwinnable against a full-strength Knicks team that many considered prime to dethrone Chicago. This is up for debate, since many observers questioned why Ward dived toward Brown's legs with the game out of reach in the first place (Also worth noting is the fact that Brown's much taller than Ward). During the brawl, Patrick Ewing, Allan Houston, Larry Johnson and John Starks left the bench; the league punished them for this by handing out 1-game suspensions spread out over the series' final 2 games. Ewing, Houston and Ward were suspended for Game 6; Johnson and Starks were suspended for Game 7. Shorthanded by the suspensions, the Knicks lost Games 6 and 7 95–90 and 101–90 respectively. The Heat advanced to face the Bulls in the Eastern Conference Finals, which they lost in 5.

1998 Eastern Conference first round
Bolstered by last year's results, Miami once again captured the Atlantic Division crown. New York regressed, largely due to Ewing suffering a severely broken wrist that forced him to miss most of the regular season, and only attained the seventh seed in the East. With Chicago again gaining the #1 seed, the Heat were paired against the Knicks in a rematch of their series the year before. Miami won Game 1, 94–79, but the Knicks bounced back and won Game 2, 96–86 to tie the series at 1. Miami won Game 3, 91–85 to take a 2–1 series lead. But New York won Game 4, 90–85, which was highlighted by the fight between Alonzo Mourning and Larry Johnson (who had been teammates in Charlotte) at the end of the game. Although neither landed a punch, the fight famously saw Knicks coach Jeff Van Gundy grab on to Mourning's legs in an unsuccessful attempt to break the fight up. The NBA suspended Mourning and Johnson for the fight.

Without Mourning, the Knicks jumped out to a 20-point halftime lead in Game 5. However, Miami chipped away at it in the third and fourth quarters. In the fourth, Tim Hardaway connected on a number of long and improbable 3's until with over 6 minutes left, the Heat only trailed 72–70. With the momentum and crowd behind them, the Heat seemed poised to overtake New York. However, the Knicks retook the momentum on a sequence consisting of a Ward 3-pointer, an Allan Houston jumper and free throw, and then a fast-break layup by Charles Oakley, on which he was fouled from behind and fell into the stands (this was ruled to be a flagrant, meaning the Knicks shot free throws and retained possession). On the extra possession, Starks hit a 3 that extended the Knicks' lead back up to 13. Miami wouldn't challenge New York the rest of the way, as the Knicks won the series with a 98–81 victory in Miami. New York then lost in the Eastern Conference Semifinals to Indiana in 5.

1999 Eastern Conference first round
The lockout-shortened 1998–99 season saw the Heat try to move past the previous year's playoff disappointment as Michael Jordan's retirement saw the Bulls quickly fade as an NBA title threat. Miami beat the Pacers and Magic to reach the top of the Eastern Conference. The Knicks only got through the 50-game season with a 27–23 record, barely qualifying for the playoffs as a #8 seed. This put the odds in Miami's favor, as an #8 seed had defeated a #1 seed in the first round just once in NBA history. However, the Knicks defied expectations and won Game 1 95–75 in Miami. The Heat came back with an 83–73 victory in Game 2 to tie the series at 1. Back home for Game 3, New York blew Miami out 97–73 to take a 2–1 series lead. The Knicks had a chance to clinch at home in Game 4, as they held an 8-point lead until Miami charged back to win 87–72 to take it to the limit. Game 5 was a defensive struggle all the way. Miami held a 77–76 lead with 4.5 seconds left, but Allan Houston hit a running 1-hander that bounced off the front rim, off the backboard, and in with 8 tenths left to give New York a 78–77 victory.

The win propelled an improbable run for the Knicks in the playoffs. They swept the Hawks in the semifinals and defeated the Pacers in 6 to clinch their second Eastern Conference Title in five years and advance to the 1999 NBA Finals, where they lost to the Spurs. In doing that, the Knicks became the only 8th-seeded team in NBA history to reach the NBA Finals before the 2023 Miami Heat did it.

2000 Eastern Conference semifinals
While the Heat won the Atlantic Division for the 4th year in a row, the Knicks were right on their tail, finishing only two games back and capturing the third seed. After both teams easily swept their opening round series (the Knicks sweeping the Toronto Raptors and the Heat sweeping the Detroit Pistons), the two teams met again in the Eastern Conference Semifinals, in what would be the most evenly matched of all 4 series. The Heat won Game 1 87–83 at home to take a 1–0 series lead, but New York tied the series at 1 with an 82–76 victory in Game 2. Game 3 in New York was one of the series' most notable. Ewing hit a jumper with 2.4 seconds left to force OT. He also made 1 of 2 free throws in the final seconds of OT to give New York a 76–75 lead. On Miami's final possession, rookie Anthony Carter drove from the baseline and launched a tough and maybe illegal shot from behind the backboard. It dropped onto the front rim and fell in with 2.1 seconds left. After a referee's conference, they ruled it counted, despite protests from the Knicks. It won the game for Miami 77–76. The Knicks then won Game 4 91–83 on Charlie Ward's 21 points to tie the series at 2.

Back in Miami for Game 5, the Heat came from behind with a sequence of 3's in the final 2 minutes (2 from Dan Majerle and the last one from Bruce Bowen), and won 87–81. Miami had a chance to clinch the series in Game 6 at Madison Square Garden, but blew a 45–30 halftime lead. New York cut it to 6 in the first 3 minutes of the 3rd quarter. Ewing made a difficult tip-dunk off a missed jumpshot to cut the lead to 2 with 2 minutes left. Allan Houston hit 2 free throws with 22 seconds left to give the Knicks a 72–70 lead. Anthony Carter missed a 3 at the buzzer that would have won the series. In a press conference after the game, Pat Riley remarked, "This is absolute madness."

In yet another Game 7, the Heat took an 11-point lead in the first half, before the Knicks rallied to make the game close in the final minutes. Tim Hardaway gave Miami an 82–81 lead when he drained a 3 with 1:32 left. The Knicks responded when Alonzo Mourning gambled and attempted a steal on Patrick Ewing. The move failed, allowing Ewing an easy dunk. The Heat had a chance in the final seconds to retake the lead, but Clarence Weatherspoon missed a jumper over Marcus Camby with 7 seconds left, giving the Knicks another playoff series victory over Miami. The Knicks advanced to an Eastern Conference Finals rematch with the Pacers, but this time Indiana won in 6 to advance to the 2000 NBA Finals where they lost to the Lakers.

1997–2000: Notable regular season matchups
In the April 12, 1997 game in Miami, the Knicks led by 3 in the final minute, when Miami guard Sasha Danilovic made what appeared to be a 3 to tie the game. However, referees ruled that Danilovic's foot was on the line, and ruled the basket only a 2. Replays showed that the call was correct, but also very close. The Knicks went on to win the game by 1. Although the Knicks put pressure on the Heat with the victory, Miami hung on and won the Atlantic Division by 4 games.

In the Easter Sunday game in Miami on April 12, 1998, the Knicks trailed 82–81 with 4.2 seconds left and the ball at half-court. Terry Cummings received an inbounds pass and shot a short leaner on the baseline that hit the rim and bounced away. Several tips ensued from players on both teams positioned by the basket. The sequence ended when Allan Houston tipped the ball in at the buzzer for an apparent game-winner, however the referees ruled it to be after the buzzer and awarded the game to Miami. Replays later ruled that Houston last touched the ball with 0.2 seconds left and the basket should have counted. Jeff Van Gundy and the Knicks protested the game's outcome, but were denied by the league office.

In the April 25, 1999 game in Miami, the Heat took a 20-point lead on the Knicks in the first half and maintained it well into the 2nd half. The game entered the 4th quarter with Miami still up by 16, but the Knicks came back, outscoring the Heat 34–16 in the final quarter to win 82–80 and help jump-start the slumping Knicks, who were only 22–21 at this time, to a final surge which would lead to them capturing the #8 seed in the playoffs and eventually defeat top-seeded Miami in the first round that year.

In the April 9, 2000 game in Miami, a hotly contested game was sent to overtime due to a sequence in which center Patrick Ewing grabbed three offensive rebounds off missed Knick 3-pointers before finally finding point guard Chris Childs who connected on a 3 with only seconds left, tying the game. Miami was unable to score, hence the overtime. In OT, Childs was in the spotlight again. With the Knicks leading 93–92, Childs was intentionally fouled and sent to the line. He made one to give New York a 94–92 lead. The Heat had 4.5 seconds left to inbound from half-court and score. The ball went to point guard Tim Hardaway, who could not shake free from Childs. He ended up forcing a 3 from an awkward angle with Childs covering him tightly. It improbably went in at the buzzer, giving Miami a bedlam-inducing 95–94 win. This game was seen as the game in which the Heat pulled away for the race for 1st in the Atlantic Division.

2000–2010: Decline of the rivalry
In the years following the 2000 playoffs, the rivalry greatly weakened; in the 2000 offseason the Knicks traded longtime center Patrick Ewing to the Seattle SuperSonics and the Miami Heat traded cornerstones Jamal Mashburn and P.J. Brown to the Charlotte Hornets. In its prime, this rivalry was very physical and marked by low-scoring, defensive-oriented affairs, with players on both teams giving their best effort in every game.

However, some notable games between the Heat and Knicks have taken place in recent years.

On March 15, 2005, Heat guard Dwyane Wade hit the game-winner at the buzzer against the Knicks in New York to beat them 98–96.

On January 26, 2007, Knicks guard Jamal Crawford scored a career-high 52 points on 20–30 shooting, including 8 3-pointers, against the Heat en route to a 116–96 victory for New York.

On February 28, 2009, Dwyane Wade scored 24 points in the fourth quarter, helping the Heat overcome a 16-point second-half deficit to defeat the Knicks 120–115. Wade's late-game heroics were catalyzed by some rough-housing at the hands of Knicks forward Danilo Gallinari, who accidentally elbowed Wade in the face, causing his lip to bleed without a foul being called. Then, Al Harrington knocked down Wade while he tried to go to the rim.

On April 12, 2009, Dwyane Wade scored a career-high 55 points against the Knicks at American Airlines Arena. His performance was one point shy of the Miami Heat record set by Glen Rice's 56-point outburst against the Orlando Magic on April 15, 1995.

2010–2014: Miami's Big Three
During the summer of 2010, former Cleveland Cavaliers superstar LeBron James became a free agent. After being courted by many teams (including both the Knicks and Heat), he announced his decision to join the Miami Heat on national television on July 8, 2010, much to the frustration of many NBA fans. The Knicks like many other NBA teams had all spent their last two seasons re-engineering rosters to accommodate James' potential contract. Earlier that week, former Phoenix Suns forward Amar'e Stoudemire announced his intention to sign with the New York Knicks.

On December 17, 2010, the Knicks and Heat met for the first time that season. The Heat won, 113–91, at Madison Square Garden. On February 21, 2011, the Knicks acquired All-Star small forward Carmelo Anthony in a three team trade involving the Denver Nuggets and Minnesota Timberwolves. On February 27, 2011, The Knicks faced the Heat at Miami for the first time since acquiring Carmelo Anthony and Chauncey Billups and won 91–86. The Knicks and Heat would eventually split the regular season series 2–2.

The Knicks improved in the lockout-shortened 2011-12 NBA season, in part due to the acquisition of point guard Jeremy Lin. The Knicks-Heat game scheduled prior to the All-Star break (the last game for both teams before the break) was billed as giving the rivalry new life, with the average price of resold seats going for $600 and courtside seats going for $8,000. However, the Heat beat the Knicks 102–88 in Miami, and eventually swept the season series 3–0 which squashed any semblance of re-igniting a rivalry. Miami with their acquisitions were far and away the better team, they had won 10 more games than New York to finish the season as the #2 seed, while the Knicks clawed in as the 7th seed, avoiding missing the playoffs by 1 game. The two teams eventually met in the 2012 NBA playoffs, their first playoff meeting since 2000 to which the Heat won in 5 games without much challenge.

On November 2, 2012, The Knicks' opener against the Brooklyn Nets at the Barclays Center was postponed due to the effects of Hurricane Sandy and the damage it caused to New York and New Jersey, such as flooding and leaving millions without power. Thus, the Knicks' first game and home opener of the season ended up being against the Heat. The Knicks beat the Heat 104–84 with Carmelo Anthony scoring 30 points and the Knicks' bench shooting nineteen 3-pointers. Knicks won the next meeting in Miami without Carmelo Anthony, Iman Shumpert, or Amar'e Stoudamire. Knicks won the season series 3–1 and were the only team in the regular season to beat the Heat 3 times. However it proved meaningless as the Heat went on to be only the third team since 1970 to win over 80% of their games, on their way to a second consecutive NBA Championship.

2012 Eastern Conference first round
Towards the end of the 2011–2012 season, with the Heat in the second seed and the Knicks in the seventh seed, anticipation for the first playoff match in 12 years started to build. Knicks fans started chanting "Beat the Heat" at Madison Square Garden during the second-to-last game of the regular season. Carmelo Anthony acknowledged "The fans know what they want, know what they want to see. Hopefully, they get to see that." Likewise, Heat guard Dwyane Wade said: "I have been here awhile and I have seen the games that we've won against New York and how the people in the organization feel every time. You can tell there is something always there. So, in my mind, we're playing the Knicks. That's the mind state that I have and I think I've had it for the last week." The Miami Herald further commented: "the NBA would be hard-pressed to find a better marquee game for its Sunday afternoon slot than the opening game between the Heat and Knicks." After a Knicks victory in the final game of the season, it was finally confirmed that the two teams would play each other in the first round of the 2012 playoffs, with the Miami Herald again commenting: "As first-round series go, it doesn’t get any bigger for the Heat.

The media tried to hype up this series as rivalry, but it fell flat, effectively ending any notion of rivalry beyond the 1999 season. The Heat easily defeated the Knicks in Game 1 by 33 points. Game 2 was a much closer affair but the Heat still won by 10 points. In Game 3 in MSG, the Heat found themselves on the wrong end in the first half, trailing by as much as 11 points, before closing in the half with a 7–0 run. The Heat led by 2 after the third quarter. However, LeBron James quickly sparked an 8–0 run to start the fourth quarter, giving them a 10-point lead. The Knicks never recovered. James himself outscored the Knicks in the fourth, 17–14. By losing Game 3, the Knicks set a new league record by losing 13 straight playoff games, their last win coming April 29, 2001, in their series versus the Toronto Raptors. Game 4 was different from the first three games. In the third, Baron Davis injured himself. He left the court on a stretcher. However, led by Carmelo Anthony, who scored 41 points, the Knicks prevented a sweep, 89–87, as Wade missed the potential series-winning three-pointer at the buzzer. In Game 5, the Knicks started strong but it was all Miami the rest of the way. The Heat led by 11 at the end of the first half. The Heat never squandered the lead the rest of the way, effectively sealing the game and the series with a three-pointer by Shane Battier that gave the Heat a 14-point lead with a minute left in the game. The Knicks were led by Anthony's 35. Amar'e Stoudemire, meanwhile, was plagued by foul trouble. He fouled out with about 4 minutes left in the game. The Heat would go on to win the 2012 NBA Finals against the Oklahoma City Thunder.

2023 playoffs
The Heat and Knicks faced each other in the 2023 Еastern Conference semifinals. It was the first playoff series that New York held home-court advantage against Miami, thanks to their 47–35 regular season record against the Heat’s 44–38 record. The Heat started off the series by stealling Game 1 at MSG 108–101. The Knicks then answered back with a 111–105 victory in Game 2. Miami responded by winning Games 3 and 4 105–86 and 109–101 respectively to take a commanding 3–1 series lead. New York won Game 5 112–103 to make it 3–2, but Miami closed them out in Game 6, 96–92, to advance to the Eastern Conference finals.

title: Heat–Knicks rivalry


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Perperikon

Perperikon (Перперикон), also Perpericum, is an ancient Thracian city located in the Eastern Rhodope Mountains, 15 km northeast of the present-day town of Kardzhali, Bulgaria on a 470 m high rocky hill, which is thought to have been a sacred place. The village of Gorna krepost ("Upper Fortress") is located at the foot of the hill and the gold-bearing Perpereshka River flows nearby. Perperikon is the largest megalith ensemble site in the Balkans. In the Middle Ages Perperikon served as a fortress.

Etymology
The name Perperikon (Περπερικόν) dates from the Middle Ages – 11th–13th centuries. The original name Hyperperakion was shortened by scribes to Perperakion or Perperikon. There are at least two theories about the origin and meaning of the name, both associating it with gold-mining: The city may have been named after a Medieval high-temperature gold-refining process (Medieval Greek hyperpyros), or the resumed use of a classical-era name for the site, derived from a word for altar-fire (ancient Greek hyperpyros).

History
Human activity in the area dates back to 5000 BCE. The first traces of civilization on the hill date from the Bronze Age, while the ceramics found on the place date from the Early Iron Age, as well as the impressive round altar, almost 2 m in diameter, hewn out of the rocks.

It is thought that a famous Temple of Dionysus was located at Perperikon during the classical era.

Perperikon is the site from which Medokos declared himself the king of Thrace in 424 BCE, after Sitalces's death, but was overthrown.

Bulgarian archaeologist Nikolay Ovcharov started the excavation works at Perperikon in 2000, and revealed the remains of ancient architectural complex.

Archaeologists have uncovered a giant multi-story palace and an imposing fortress built around the hill, with walls as thick as 2.8 m. This dates from the time of the Roman Empire. Temples and residential quarters were also constructed in the fortress. The megalithic complex has been laid in ruins and re-erected many times throughout history.

A 2.4 million Euro visitor centre is being constructed with funds provided by the EU.

Church
A church pulpit was found by Bulgarian archeologists at the peak of the Thracian rock sanctuary on 10 September 2005. It is thought to be the first found in Bulgaria. The pulpit was probably built at the end of the 4th century CE or the early 5th century during the reign of Byzantine emperor Arcadius and coincided with the period of the Christianization of the Thracians in the Rhodopes area.

The church foundations are laid out in the form of a single nave basilica of 16.5 m length, which is the most typical form of late antique Christian church building. The pulpit is exceptionally well preserved and is richly decorated with ornaments incised on the stone, including a clearly visible eagle with outstretched wings. It also bears five inscriptions in Greek.

Other sites named Perperek
Perperek Knoll on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is named after the settlement of Perperek, in connection with the Thracian holy city of Perperikon.

title: Perperikon


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Dickerson Park Zoo

Dickerson Park Zoo is a zoological park located in Springfield, Missouri that has more than 500 animals that represent 160 different species. It is an accredited member of the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) since 1986.

History
Dickerson Park was established by the Springfield Park Board in 1922 and developed with the aid of Works Progress Administration (WPA) labor and funds in the 1930s. From then until the 1970s, very little development or support occurred, and by 1975, the zoo became rundown. It was on the verge of being closed, but a commitment was made by the City of Springfield, and a support group was created known as Friends of the Zoo, to restore the zoo.

The Friends organization developed a membership base, launched education programs and gathered support from donors for new projects and improvements. The City of Springfield committed budget dollars and instituted an admission fee to help offset expenses.

The zoo's mission had the objectives of advancing recreation, education, conservation and research. A master plan, adopted in 1985, visualized a new zoo, with geographic themes and phased development.

The zoo became involved in Species Survival Plans, most notably Asian elephants, maned wolves and cheetahs. In-house and outreach education programs were offered to the community. The growth of tourism in the region contributed to increases in attendance and offered visitors to the community another attraction when visiting the Ozarks.

An update and revision of the master plan for the park was completed in 1996.

Accidents and incidents
On October 4, 2013, the zoo euthanized one of its four elephants, the matriarch, a 41-year-old female known as Connie (AKA Pinky), who had been suffering from kidney disease and had lost nearly 1,000 pounds. Later, on October 11, another one of the zoo's elephants named Patience, (who had been reported as "hesitant and submissive" since the death of its Matriarch,) made a sudden movement and killed the zoo's head of elephants zookeeper John Bradford, age 62, who had been with the zoo since 1990. It is thought that Patience, (not understanding the reason for the euthanasia,) may have blamed the head zookeeper for Connie's death. The city said no disciplinary action would be taken against Patience, adding: "The animal will not be euthanized."

title: Dickerson Park Zoo


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User talk:Y2chrisroyston

A welcome from Sango123
Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions; I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We're glad to have you in our community! Here are a few good links for newcomers:

 * If you haven't already, drop by the New user log and tell others a bit about yourself.
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I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Though we all make goofy mistakes, here is what Wikipedia is not. If you have any questions or concerns, don't hesitate to see the help pages or add a question to the village pump. The Community Portal can also be very useful.

Happy Wiki-ing!

-- Sango  123  17:26, August 22, 2005 (UTC)

P.S. Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you need help with anything or simply wish to say hello. :)

title: User talk:Y2chrisroyston


text:
User talk:Thatoldsoul

A welcome from Sango123
Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions; I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We're glad to have you in our community! Here are a few good links for newcomers:

 * If you haven't already, drop by the New user log and tell others a bit about yourself.
 * Always sign your posts on talk pages! That way, others will know who left which comments.
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * Simplified Ruleset
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Wikipedia Glossary
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also the Topical index.

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Though we all make goofy mistakes, here is what Wikipedia is not. If you have any questions or concerns, don't hesitate to see the help pages or add a question to the village pump. The Community Portal can also be very useful.

Happy Wiki-ing!

-- Sango  123  17:26, August 22, 2005 (UTC)

P.S. Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you need help with anything or simply wish to say hello. :)

title: User talk:Thatoldsoul