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Jerome Wiesner

Jerome Bert Wiesner (May 30, 1915 – October 21, 1994) was a professor of electrical engineering, chosen by President John F. Kennedy as chairman of his Science Advisory Committee (PSAC). Educated at the University of Michigan, Wiesner was associate director of the university's radio broadcasting service and provided electronic and acoustical assistance to the National Music Camp at Interlochen, Michigan. During World War II, he worked on microwave radar development at the MIT Radiation Laboratory. He worked briefly after the war at the Los Alamos National Laboratory, then returned to MIT's Research Laboratory of Electronics from 1946 to 1961. After serving as Kennedy's science advisor, he returned to MIT, becoming its president from 1971 to 1980.

He was an outspoken critic of crewed exploration of outer space, believing instead in automated space probes. He challenged NASA's choice of developing the Apollo Lunar Module as a means to achieving Kennedy's goal of landing men on the Moon. At Kennedy's direction, he investigated Rachel Carson's criticism of the use of the pesticide DDT, and issued a report in support of her claims. He was an advocate for arms control, and a critic of anti-ballistic missile defense systems. While MIT president, he was put on President Richard M. Nixon's extended "enemies list".

Early life and education
Wiesner was born in Detroit, Michigan, the son of Jewish immigrants from Silesia and raised in Dearborn. He attended Fordson High School.

He received a Bachelor of Science (BS) degree in electrical engineering and mathematics in 1937, and a Master of Science (MS) degree in 1938, at the University of Michigan. He received a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in electrical engineering from UM in 1950. Interested in radio broadcasting and acoustics, he was associate director of UM's radio broadcasting service. He also participated in studies of acoustics, and assisted in developing electronic techniques, at the National Music Camp at Interlochen, Michigan.

In 1940, Wiesner married Laya Wainger, a fellow mathematics major he met at UM. The same year, he was appointed chief engineer for the Acoustical and Record Laboratory of the Library of Congress, in which capacity he traveled the American South and Southwest under a Carnegie Corporation grant with folklorist Alan Lomax, recording the folk music of these regions. In this role, he became friends with folk singer Pete Seeger, who performed at the concert for Wiesner's inauguration as President of MIT in 1971.

Career
Wiesner began his professional career at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, joining the MIT Radiation Laboratory in 1942 and working on microwave radar development. He became an associate member of the laboratory's steering committee, and led "Project Cadillac", which developed the forerunner of the AWAC system.

At the end of World War II, he worked briefly at the Los Alamos National Laboratory, then returned to MIT as a professor of electrical engineering, and worked from 1946 to 1961 at the Research Laboratory of Electronics at MIT (RLE), ultimately becoming the director. Between this time, he is known to have attended the Macy Conferences in 1952, and to have provided feedback alongside Walter Pitts during a presentation on homeostatic systems by Ross Ashby.

Kennedy administration
President John F. Kennedy named Wiesner to chair the President's Science Advisory Committee (PSAC) in February, 1961.

Space program
Before Kennedy took office, Wiesner chaired a task force which issued a report to the President-elect on January 10, 1961, warning of "inadequate planning and direction" and "the lack of outstanding scientists and engineers" in its space efforts, and expressing his opposition to crewed space flight, saying that Project Mercury "exaggerated the value of that aspect of space activity where we are less likely to achieve success. We should stop advertising Mercury as our major objective in space activities."

The Wiesner Report, as it was called, outlined to Kennedy Wiesner's advice to not continue with the crewed space program, Project Mercury. The President's Science Advisory Committee highlighted the skepticism of the scientific elite about sending humans into space. Wiesner was not concerned with the political aspects that others in Kennedy's administration were. Wiesner believed that the space program would continue making scientific advancements even without man. Also, he highlighted the disaster that would come out of a failure to place a man into orbit or causing the death of an astronaut, saying it "would create a situation of serious national embarrassment". These two points were among the many reasons Wiesner did not want to send man into space. When NASA decided in June 1962 on Lunar Orbit Rendezvous as the strategy for its Apollo program to meet Kennedy's goal of landing men on the Moon by the end of the 1960s, Wiesner had created a Space Vehicle Panel, chaired by Nicolas Golovin, to monitor and second-guess NASA. The SVP forced NASA to defend its decision to develop the Saturn V launch vehicle and a Lunar Excursion Module, delaying its announcement news conference to July 11, and causing NASA Administrator James E. Webb to hedge by calling the decision tentative, keeping the Earth-orbit rendezvous and direct-ascent methods as possible backups, but still maintaining, "We find that by adding one vehicle to those already under development, namely, the lunar excursion vehicle, we have an excellent opportunity to accomplish this mission with a shorter time span, with a saving of money, and with equal safety to any other modes."

But Golovin and Wiesner kept up the pressure, Wiesner at one point making the disagreement public during a two-day September visit by the President to Marshall Space Flight Center. Wiesner blurted out "No, that's no good," in front of the press, during a presentation by Marshall Director Wernher von Braun. Webb jumped in and defended von Braun, until Kennedy ended the squabble by stating that the matter was "still subject to final review." Webb held firm, as NASA issued a request for proposal to candidate LEM contractors. Wiesner finally relented, unwilling to settle the dispute once and for all in Kennedy's office, because of the President's involvement with the October Cuban Missile Crisis, and fear of Kennedy's support for Webb. NASA announced the selection of Grumman as the LEM contractor in November 1962.

Pesticide usage
In the wake of controversy surrounding the 1962 publication of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring, which questioned the indiscriminate use of the pesticide DDT, Kennedy directed the PSAC to conduct an investigation into Carson's claims. Wiesner held hearings, and on May 15, 1963, published a report titled "The Use of Pesticides", which recommended a phaseout of "persistent toxic pesticides."

Nuclear arms limitation
Wiesner's obituary described him as "a key figure in the Kennedy administration in the establishment of the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, in achieving the October 1963 Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, and in the successful effort to restrict the deployment of antiballistic missile systems.”

Return to MIT
Shortly before his assassination in November 1963, Kennedy decided to replace Wiesner as PSAC chair with Donald Hornig of Princeton University. As Kennedy's successor, Lyndon B. Johnson honored the appointment in 1964. After leaving the White House, Wiesner returned to MIT as Dean of the School of Science, became Provost in 1966, and served as President from 1971 to 1980. He was also elected a life member of the MIT Corporation.

During the Watergate scandal, it was disclosed in June 1973 that Charles W. Colson, counsel to President Nixon, had prepared a short list of 20 people deemed "hostile to the administration" on September 9, 1971. What became popularly known as "Nixon's enemies list" was discovered to have been expanded to include Wiesner, among twenty other academics. According to an issue of Science reprinted in the Boston Globe and Washington Post, a White House memo discussed a Nixon order to "cut back on MIT's subsidy in view of Wiesner's anti-defense bias".

Portrayal
Wiesner was portrayed by Al Franken in the 1998 HBO miniseries From the Earth to the Moon.

Awards and honors
Wiesner was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1953 and the American Philosophical Society in 1969. He was awarded the Delmer S. Fahrney Award in 1980. In 1993 Wiesner was awarded the Public Welfare Medal from the National Academy of Sciences, of which he was a member.

Personal life
Wiesner died at his home in Watertown, Massachusetts of heart failure at age 79. His son, Stephen Wiesner, made fundamental discoveries in quantum information theory.

title: Jerome Wiesner


text:
Banochaemae

The 'Baenochaemae, Bainochaimai (Ancient Greek Βαινοχαῖμαι) were a Germanic people recorded only in the Geography of Claudius Ptolemy, who described them as living near the Elbe.

The name is generally considered to be equivalent to the modern term "Bohemian" in its origins, although this does not mean that this people is ancestral to the modern Bohemians, or speak an ancestral language, or live in Bohemia. Rather the name represents a combination of the more ancient tribal name of the Boii, and the Germanic word found in modern German heim, or English "home". (The Boii's name is also found in "Bavaria", and they had lived in a large regions encompassing both of the modern regions, plus parts of modern Moravia, Hungary, Lower Austria and northern Italy. The Italian city of Bologna, Latin Bononia is named after them.)

During Roman imperial times a part of the general area of the modern Czech Republic had been settled by Suebian Germanic tribes, most notably the Marcomanni under King Marobodus. Around 100 AD Tacitus reported that in the area once inhabited by the Boii, north of the Danube, south of the Main, east of the old territory of the Helvetii, and west of the Hercynian forest: "The name Boiemum still survives, marking the old tradition of the place, though the population has been changed."

Strabo wrote that in the south of Germany, among the hills or mountains north of the Danube (which are not yet as big as the Alps further south)..."...is the Hercynian Forest, and also the tribes of the Suevi, some of which dwell inside the forest, as, for instance, the tribes of the Coldui, in whose territory is Boihaemum, the domain of Marabodus, the place whither he caused to migrate, not only several other peoples, but in particular the Marcomanni, his fellow-tribesmen; for after his return from Rome this man, who before had been only a private citizen, was placed in charge of the affairs of state, for, as a youth he had been at Rome and had enjoyed the favor of Augustus, and on his return he took the rulership and acquired, in addition to the peoples aforementioned, the Lugii (a large tribe), the Zumi, the Butones, the Mugilones, the Sibini, and also the Semnones, a large tribe of the Suevi themselves."

According to Ptolemy's account, a tribe using this name lived near the river Elbe, east of the Melibokus mountains, which were probably not the modern Melibokus, but the Harz mountains, or Thuringian Forest or both. This is, he reports, in turn north of the Askiburgium mountains (probably the modern Sudetes) and the Lugi Buri, which are in turn north of the source of the Vistula river. This position may be north of both modern Bohemia and modern Bavaria.

Ptolemy also mentions a large people named the Baimoi (or Baemi) whose name is often considered to be simply a different Greek transliteration of the same word. However the Baimoi are found to the south, on the north side of the Danube before it turns south in Hungary, living near the Quadi and the Luna forest.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Banochaemae


text:
Stephen Pusey

Stephen Pusey (born 1952) is a New York-based artist of Irish and British descent known for Abstract art and earlier work as a painter of figurative community murals in London, UK.

Early life and education
Stephen Pusey was born on 24 June 1952 and studied painting at Saint Martins School of Art, London, UK from which he graduated in 1975.

Career
From 1977 to 1982, Pusey painted large outdoor community murals on the exteriors of buildings, the most notable of which were the Covent Garden, Earlham Street mural, 1977 and the mural Children at Play on the Brixton Academy in 1982.

His debut solo exhibition in the USA was at P.S. 1 Contemporary Art Center in 1986, after which he moved permanently to New York City.

In the years that followed his work included experimentation with digital media and Net Art in addition to painting, drawing and sculpture that combined calligraphic gesture that veered from the figurative to Abstraction.

In 1994 he founded the online art and discussion hub, Plexus, with curator Yu Yeon Kim with whom he curated, "Omnizone, Perspectives in Mapping Digital Culture", in 1997 and was a founding member of the Foundation for Digital Culture in 1996.

Concurrent with his digital and network explorations, Pusey continued exhibiting his paintings in New York City and internationally. In describing an exhibition of the artist's paintings in 2008  Robert C. Morgan wrote, “Influenced by Borges’ sense of space, time and history, Pusey creates a labyrinthine stasis, embedding distant feelings of the universe that appear in the process of suspending opticality. Instead of a vibrating surface, these paintings suggest a woven space through an optical texture that defies finite properties.”

In 2019 the artist was commissioned by Seoul Metropolitan Government, South Korea to paint a five sectioned mural in the pavilion of the Oil Tank Culture Park, Mapo District (Mapo-Gu), Seoul. In a review of a solo exhibition of the artist's paintings in 2021, John Yau wrote, “Pusey constantly courts a chaotic mélange of marks but never descends into it. Rather, he respects each of the gestures he makes enough not to destroy them ... Pusey’s cursive marks sit in that zone where writing becomes drawing and vice versa.“

title: Stephen Pusey


text:
PyPy

PyPy is an implementation of the Python programming language. PyPy often runs faster than the standard implementation CPython because PyPy uses a just-in-time compiler. Most Python code runs well on PyPy except for code that depends on CPython extensions, which either does not work or incurs some overhead when run in PyPy.

PyPy itself is built using a technique known as meta-tracing, which is a mostly automatic transformation that takes an interpreter as input and produces a tracing just-in-time compiler as output. Since interpreters are usually easier to write than compilers, but run slower, this technique can make it easier to produce efficient implementations of programming languages. PyPy's meta-tracing toolchain is called RPython.

PyPy does not have full compatibility with more recent versions of the CPython ecosystem. While it claims compatibility with Python 2.7, 3.7, 3.8 and 3.9 ("a drop-in replacement for CPython"), it lacks some of the newer features and syntax in Python 3.10, such as syntax for pattern matching.

Details and motivation
PyPy aims to provide a common translation and support framework for producing implementations of dynamic languages, emphasizing a clean separation between language specification and implementation aspects. It also aims to provide a compliant, flexible and fast implementation of the Python programming language using the above framework to enable new advanced features without having to encode low-level details into it.

RPython
The PyPy interpreter itself is written in a restricted subset of Python called RPython (Restricted Python). RPython puts some constraints on the Python language such that a variable's type can be inferred at compile time.

The PyPy project has developed a toolchain that analyzes RPython code and translates it into a form of byte code, which can be lowered into C. There used to be other backends in addition to C (Java, C#, and Javascript), but those suffered from bitrot and have been removed. Thus, the recursive logo of PyPy is a snake swallowing itself since the RPython is translated by a Python interpreter. The code can also be run untranslated for testing and analysis, which provides a nice test-bed for research into dynamic languages.

It allows for pluggable garbage collectors, as well as optionally enabling Stackless Python features. Finally, it includes a just-in-time (JIT) generator that builds a just-in-time compiler into the interpreter, given a few annotations in the interpreter source code. The generated JIT compiler is a tracing JIT.

RPython is now also used to write non-Python language implementations, such as Pixie.

Project status
PyPy as of version 7.3.7 is compatible with three CPython versions: 2.7, 3.7 and 3.8. The first PyPy version compatible with CPython v3 is PyPy v2.3.1 (2014). The PyPy interpreter compatible with CPython v3 is also known as PyPy3.

PyPy has JIT compilation support on 32-bit/64-bit x86 and 32-bit/64-bit ARM processors. It is tested nightly on Windows, Linux, OpenBSD and Mac OS X. PyPy is able to run pure Python software that does not rely on implementation-specific features.

There is a compatibility layer for CPython C API extensions called CPyExt, but it is incomplete and experimental. The preferred way of interfacing with C shared libraries is through the built-in C foreign function interface (CFFI) or ctypes libraries.

History
PyPy is a followup to the Psyco project, a just-in-time specializing compiler for Python, developed by Armin Rigo between 2002 and 2010. PyPy's aim is to have a just-in-time specializing compiler with scope, which was not available for Psyco. Initially, the RPython could also be compiled into Java bytecode, CIL and JavaScript, but these backends were removed due to lack of interest.

PyPy was initially a research and development-oriented project. Reaching a mature state of development and an official 1.0 release in mid-2007, its next focus was on releasing a production-ready version with more CPython compatibility. Many of PyPy's changes have been made during coding sprints.

 * In August 2008, PyPy was able to run some popular Python libraries like Pylons, Pyglet, Nevow and Django.
 * On 12 March 2010, PyPy 1.2 was released, focusing on speed. It included a working, though not yet stable, just-in-time compiler.
 * On 30 April 2011, PyPy version 1.5 was released, which reached compatibility with CPython 2.7.
 * On 9 May 2013, PyPy 2.0 was released, which introduced alpha-quality support for JIT compilation on ARMv6 and ARMv7 JIT, and included CFFI in the standard library.
 * On 20 June 2014, PyPy3 was declared stable and introduced compatibility with the more modern Python 3. It was released alongside PyPy 2.3.1 and bears the same version number.
 * On 21 March 2017, the PyPy project released version 5.7 of both PyPy and PyPy3, with the latter introducing beta-quality support for Python 3.5.
 * On 26 April 2018, version 6.0 was released, with support for Python 2.7 and 3.5 (still beta-quality on Windows).
 * On 11 February 2019, version 7.0 was released, with support for Python 2.7 and 3.5.
 * On 14 October 2019, version 7.2 was released, with support for Python 3.6.9.
 * On 24 December 2019, version 7.3 was released, with support for Python 3.6.9.
 * On 16 February 2020, the PyPy team announced the move of the source code hosting from Bitbucket to heptapod.net with the repositories of the CFFI (C Foreign Function Interface) project. A new logo and website design are also published. However, the author and the license of the new logo are unknown.
 * On 29 December 2023, PyPy announced hosting has moved to GitHub and development will now be tracked with git.

Funding
PyPy was funded by the European Union being a Specific Targeted Research Project between December 2004 and March 2007. In June 2008, PyPy announced funding being part of the Google Open Source programs and has agreed to focus on making PyPy more compatible with CPython. In 2009 Eurostars, a European Union funding agency specially focused on SMEs, accepted a proposal from PyPy project members titled "PYJIT – a fast and flexible toolkit for dynamic programming languages based on PyPy". Eurostars funding lasted until August 2011. At PyCon US 2011, the Python Software Foundation provided a $10,000 grant for PyPy to continue work on performance and compatibility with newer versions of the language. The port to ARM architecture was sponsored in part by the Raspberry Pi Foundation.

The PyPy project also accepts donations through its status blog pages. As of 2013, a variety of sub-projects had funding: Python 3 version compatibility, built-in optimized NumPy support for numerical calculations and software transactional memory support to allow better parallelism.

title: PyPy


text:
Talk:Large igneous province

Question
How long would it take for a large igneous province to cool?

Obviously the initial temperature, depth, and composition all play key roles.

"Individual lava flows may take tens to hundreds of years, depending on thickness. Keep in mind that perhaps 90% of the magma generated may remain deep within the crust as intrusions, which will keep the crust hot for a long time. Geodoc 05:38, 28 January 2007 (UTC)

Northern Cordilleran volcanic province
Should Northern Cordilleran volcanic province be listed on this page? Nothing there seems to suggest that it is a Large igneous province. --Burntnickel 16:35, 7 August 2006 (UTC)

 * No, i have removed it. Good call. Geodoc 05:34, 28 January 2007 (UTC)

It's back. I rather doubt it should be here unless someone can point to publications that suggest there's some consensus (that I'm as yet unaware of) where this is considered a LIP. I think examples should be limited to cases where there's broad consensus in the scientific community of the feature's status as a LIP. Of course it doesn't help that LIPs are rather crudely defined. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 69.9.146.66 (talk • contribs).

 * You're right. I've removed it. -- Avenue 13:43, 22 May 2007 (UTC)

 * I also removed all mention of "large igneous province" from Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province, since no reference I can find would support that claim. In fact, Wikipedia was the only place I could find such a claim was being made.  --Seattle Skier (talk) 18:14, 22 May 2007 (UTC)

Difficult to follow
This article is really interesting, but it is difficult for a layman (like me) to follow. I feel the language could be made more accessible.

John W.

 * Can you give some specific examples of language thats hard to follow? I have tried to avoid jargon in my edits, but there may be some from previous edits. Its a little hard to know what is difficult for non-specialists when you are a specialist. Thanks!

 * PS: Try following some of the links too, that wll give a broader picture of different aspects. The LIPS website has some great graphics - i will see if any can be reproduced here. Geodoc 06:06, 1 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Some strange notation that I haven't seen anywhere (introduced at this point):

examples are the Deccan traps:end Cretaceous extinction event
 * What are these end for, especially when used without spacing? And in general, is it valid English? --saimhe 15:35, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

Also, "Permian Emeishan Large Igneous Province" link on this page goes to "Mt Emri" or something. I was expecting to find that the Permian Emeishan LIP was related to the Siberian traps (or at least coincident in time).

Thanks for your time. John W.

—The preceding unsigned comment was added by 72.83.232.158 (talk) 13:11, 31 January 2007 (UTC).

 * Yes, this is peculiar. Apparently, Mt Emi is near all that basalt. According to LIPS database, Emeishan (258 million years) is slightly older than Siberian traps (249-251). But there is published age of 251 on Emeishan also, so they could be equivalent. Geodoc 06:17, 1 February 2007 (UTC)

More LIPS?
Hi. Is there a large igneous province in Western USA, surrounding Yellowstone, Long Valley, Valle Grande, La Garita, and Bruneau-Jarbidge? Thanks. A stroHur  ricane  00  1 (Talk+Contribs+Ubx) 21:57, 9 February 2007 (UTC)

 * The Bruneau-Jarbidge eruptive center is an early (10-12 mya) element of the track of the Yellowstone Hot Spot. Yellowstone (0-2 mya) itself is (coincidentally) today at the location where, 50 million years ago, the Absaroka Volcanics were erupted. Long Valley Caldera is perhaps related to the boundary zone between the Basin and Range province and the Sierra Nevada, but as far as I know its ultimate origin (dating to about 750,000 yrs) is not clear. Valle Grande (Jemez Caldera) is related to a regional weak zone transecting the Rio Grande Rift and the edge of thick crust on the southeast side of the Colorado Plateau; it dates to 1-1.4 mya. La Garita Caldera is part of the San Juan Volcanics, erupted about 28 million years ago.  Like Jemez, La Garita and the San Juan Volcanics are probably somehow related to the flanks of the thick crust of the Colorado Plateau, this time on the NE side but at a different time.  A similar volcanic pile that you did not mention is found on the NW flank of the plateau, comprising the Marysvale Volcanics of SW Utah, dating to about 24 million years ago.

 * The features you name are not related directly to each other (especially not in time or space, but in many cases also not in genesis) and don’t fit the definition of Large Igneous Provinces as defined (correctly) in the article. The features are all isolated from each other by dramatically different geologic and tectonic provinces. Hope this helps.  Cheers Geologyguy 22:15, 9 February 2007 (UTC)

Apparently, the Steens in Oregon are related to the Yellow Stone hotspot via 16.5 million years of tectonic movement (Ellen Morris Bishop in book "In Search of Ancient Oregon", pg 131 mentions studies by Peter Hooper (of WSU) supporting the connection. Though, I guess a strip of activity is not a province meeting the LIP definition.

Hi, is the Cenozoic Volcanic field region in the NW USA identified by this Idaho State University map a LIP or is the Cenozoic period too long of a time period? http://geology.isu.edu/Digital_Geology_Idaho/Module9/BandRmapWlegend.jpg from: http://geology.isu.edu/Digital_Geology_Idaho/Module9/mod9.htm —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.20.81.43 (talk) 12:42, 22 August 2008 (UTC)

Map image of global LIP distribution
This page could very much use a map. That is not a good reason to include a map that corresponds poorly to the text in the article, and that also is almost entirely irrelevent to the article.

The deleted map depicts mainly; Shield, Platform, Orogen, Basin, and Extended Crust. None of these entities are even mentioned in the text, not even by a single word, nor are they wiki-linked within the article.

The distribution of LIP's shown on the deleted map would mislead the lay reader into thinking that there are just a half-dozen or so LIP's in the world. Many of the world's largest LIP's are simply not shown on the deleted map. (Even though they are mentioned or referenced in the article) Perhaps worse, the deleted map would sorely misinform the reader about the proportion of the earths surface that is covered by LIP's.

It is not a bad map - it is a good map badly used. CGX (talk) 16:06, 7 August 2010 (UTC)

Comments on current editing campaign
This is an important topic & warrants attention from the wikigeology community. There was some very nice work already done on the article; I think the writing style was far smoother than I can contribute and the author knew the current literature. But the content left me with several questions/observations: So as an amateur I’m doing some work on the article, but it will need a careful read by a trained geologist once I’m finished to assure accuracy. Anyone who wants to critique as I go along is welcome. Skål - Williamborg (Bill) 16:43, 5 August 2011 (UTC)
 * A wide “grab bag” of disparate "things" were described as LIPs, but how does one can decide what’s in & what’s out?
 * Where in the world are these LIPs & what does one look like when you see it?
 * Why are LIPs important?
 * There are different styles of referencing used in the article – although it is a tedious task, we need to stick with a single style…

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Map again
If and when the map is improved or replaced, it would be good to have the British/Irish part of the North Atlantic Igneous Province included. cheers Geopersona (talk) 07:27, 6 May 2020 (UTC)
 * Additionally, I looked at the map in closer detail and as a map lover/user, it was a bit confusing at first. The reason being it has two kinds of purple to identify the LIPs. The legend only defines one shade of purple (the lighter shade). The second purple is a darker color that is used as a border around the original purple, but for smaller provinces it effectively makes them look like a darker purple entirely. Very confusing. The image needs to be reworked. Leitmotiv (talk) 17:58, 7 July 2021 (UTC)

Hawaii as an LIP
Per this article, Hawaii is an LIP but is not in the map graphic. This is just my opinion, but the tallest mountain in the world, plus the long string of Hawaiian volcanic seamounts, and the most active volcanic area in the world, probably qualifies it as an LIP. The Deccan Traps are flood basalts that are caused by the onset of a mantle plume at the crust. Hawaii is also a mantle plume. Food for thought. Leitmotiv (talk) 18:14, 19 January 2021 (UTC)
 * It depends on which definition and classification scheme of LIPs is being used. Some include seamounts e.g. Hawaii, some exclude seamounts. GeoWriter (talk) 21:24, 19 January 2021 (UTC)
 * Since flood basalts are known to be associated with mantle plumes, it seems like an oversight not to include the Hawaiian seamount as a province. A seamount can be an LIP, they're not mutually exclusive. Leitmotiv (talk) 20:48, 24 October 2021 (UTC)

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The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 16:22, 3 December 2022 (UTC)
 * Flood Basalt Map.jpg

title: Talk:Large igneous province


text:
The Way Home (2002 film)

The Way Home is a 2002 South Korean drama film written and directed by Lee Jeong-hyang. It tells the heart-warming story about a grandmother and her city-born grandson who comes to live with her in a rural village. The film was named best picture at South Korea's 39th annual Grand Bell (Daejong) Awards and was the second-highest grossing homegrown film in South Korea in 2002. It was released on DVD and VHS in 2003 by Paramount Classics.

Plot
Seven-year old Sang-woo (Yoo Seung-ho) is taken to the Korean countryside to stay with his 78-year-old mute, but not deaf, grandmother (Kim Eul-boon) while his mother searches for a new job in Seoul.

Sang-woo, a spoiled city boy, is unimpressed by the unsophisticated nature of his poor grandmother's home, which has neither electricity nor running water. He acts rudely to his grandmother, ignoring her at times and calling her a byungshin, or "retard," at others.

Sang-woo continues to attempt to acclimatize to his unfamiliar environment. One of the grandmother's neighbors is a hard-working country boy who attempts to become friends with Sang-woo, but is rebuffed. The other is a young girl who Sang-Woo is enamored by, but she is more interested in the country boy.

Meanwhile, Sang-woo's grandmother is patient and hardworking, spending her time caring for her melons and attempting to care for Sang-woo despite his disdain. Sang-woo's Game Boy runs out of batteries so he asks his grandmother for money for new ones. But she is poor and has none. But when she has none, in an effort to coerce her, Sang-woo insults her, throws away her shoes, breaks one of her vases, and draws graffiti on her house walls.

When this ploy fails to extract money from his grandmother, Sang-woo steals her ornamental hairpin to trade for batteries. He attempts to trade the silver hairpin at a local shop but the shopkeeper, a friend of his grandmother's, hits him on the head and sends him home.

Sang-woo complains about eating home-cooked food and demands his grandmother provide him with Kentucky Fried Chicken. In a well-intended but misunderstood attempt to please him, she purchases a live chicken from the market and prepares a home-made boiled chicken dish for Sang-woo. When Sang-woo sees it he becomes upset and cries. The next morning, his grandmother becomes ill. Sang-woo serves her the remaining chicken while caring for her. He also returns his grandmother’s hairpin.

One day, Sang-woo gets up early and goes with his grandmother to the market where he sees how hard his grandmother persuades passers-by to buy her vegetables. After a long day at the market she takes Sang-woo to a shop and buys him noodles and new shoes. When they are about to board the bus home, Sang-woo asks his grandma to buy him a Choco Pie. She trades a melon for several Choco Pies for Sang-woo. However, when they are about to board the bus back to their home, Sang-Woo tells her he wants to ride alone as the girl he likes is also on board. The grandmother tries to get Sang-Woo to take the rest of the produce with him but he refuses. Sang-woo reaches home well before his grandmother, and feels remorseful when he realizes that his grandmother has had to walk back from town carrying their purchases.

Sang-woo gradually develops sympathy towards his grandmother and their relationship begins to deepen. As she is unable to read or write, he starts to make some simple greeting cards to him to express his love and gratitude. so she has some letters from him. His overall attitude improves and he becomes more humble, eventually apologizing to the neighborhood boy and seeking his friendship. Finally Sang-woo's mother returns, and takes him back to Seoul. His depth of feeling for his grandmother is revealed when the bus leaves and he leaps to the back window to wave his tearful farewells. The film closes with the grandmother continuing to live alone in the thatched-roof house but with the letters of love from her grandson.

An ending credit notes that the film is dedicated to all grandmothers around the world.

Principal

 * Kim Eul-boon as Grandmother
 * Yoo Seung-ho as Sang-woo

Supporting

 * Dong Hyo-hee as Sang-woo's mother
 * Min Kyung-hyun as Cheol-yi, country boy, neighbor of the grandmother
 * Im Eun-kyung as Hae-yeon

Production
The film was filmed in and around Jeetongma, North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea.

Reception
The film received generally positive reviews from both Western and Korean critics. The review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reported that 75% of critics gave the film positive reviews, based on 56 reviews. Steven Rea from the Philadelphia Inquirer gave the film 3.5 stars out of 4 saying that "Jeong-Hyang Lee's film is deceptively simple, deeply satisfying."

Many critics praised the style of the movie as well as the acting of the inexperienced Kim Eul-boon who at 78, had not only never acted before, but never even seen a film. The film went on to win the Best Film and Best screenplay awards at the Grand Bell Awards, the Oscar's equivalent in South Korea. It was also nominated for Best Asian Film at the 22nd Hong Kong Film Awards, but lost to My Sassy Girl, another South Korean film.

title: The Way Home (2002 film)


text:
Nova Scotia Highway 118

Highway 118 is a divided highway connecting Dartmouth with Highway 102 at Fall River, 14 km to the north in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia.

The highway crosses the historic Shubenacadie Canal and also runs along the western shore of Lake Micmac and the western edge of Shubie Park and is known as Lakeview Drive. Running parallel to the highway from the Waverley Road to exit 14 is a portion of the Halifax Lateral of the Maritimes & Northeast Pipeline (natural gas).

The southern limit of provincial maintenance is at the Highway 111 interchange.

History
Originally an undivided highway, the road opened in 1971. The southbound carriageway between Highway 102 and Dartmouth was completed during the 1979/80 fiscal year.

The interchange with Highway 107 opened in 1986/87. Originally there was no connection to Akerley Boulevard, one of the main roads in Burnside Industrial Park. During planning and construction of the interchange, the Industrial Commission and the former City of Dartmouth lobbied the province to make provision for a connection between Akerley Boulevard and Highway 118. The Akerley Boulevard access was constructed in the early 1990s.

In the early 2000s, development of the Dartmouth Crossing commercial area next to Highway 118 led to construction of the Wright Avenue interchange. The interchange was built by contractor Dexter Construction and includes a pedestrian bridge to permit access to Shubie Park.

Exit list

 * Exit 1 was used from 1971 to 2007 and renumbered Exit 11
 * Exits 2 and 3 used to be a work site until construction started on Dartmouth Crossing in 2005
 * Exit 4 was used until 1979, when it was renumbered to Exit 13
 * Exit 5 was also used until 1979, when it was renumbered to Exit 14

title: Nova Scotia Highway 118


text:
User talk:Hawkwings~enwiki

Welcome to Wikipedia! I see you've made some excellent edits to the Drum and Bugle Corps article. Please, feel free to help out on any and all drum corps pages. We're still putting things together and I'm always glad to see a helping hand. Mr Bound 00:24, August 29, 2005 (UTC)

If you're looking for articles to help out on, there's a list of Division I corps at the Drum Corps International page. Those in red don't have any articles, and need them! You can look at some of the established articles to get an idea of what goes into page formatting; usually copying and pasting, then changing the information to each corps is easy, fast, and makes the pages uniform. If you marched a particular corps or are a knowledgable fan of one or several, we'd be glad to have your valuable knowledge. If not, no problem! Plenty of information is available on the web, especially through corpsreps.com. Just remember to keep the text original (don't copy and paste things from other sites, that's a copyright violation!) and neutral (a neutral point-of-view is one of the things Wikipedia strives for).

If you have any questions, feel free to ask! I'd be more than glad to help out. Mr Bound 02:04, August 29, 2005 (UTC)

Wikiproject Drum Corps
I would like to invite you to join the newly formed WikiProject Drum Corps, a WikiProject for the expansion of all things drum corps. If you'd like, add your name to the list of members, and lend a hand in some of the things we have yet to do! There's plenty lying around, but even a small contibution is very welcome. Hope to see you lending your knowledge to our growing collection of drum corps articles! Mr Bound 19:04, 15 September 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Hawkwings. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Hawkwings~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 00:29, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 13:40, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Hawkwings~enwiki


text:
Minding the Store

Minding the Store is a 2005 American reality television show which aired on TBS. It stars comedian Pauly Shore, who in the show made efforts to revitalize his acting career and run the family business, The Comedy Store.

Content
The show is a reality television series in which comedian Pauly Shore runs The Comedy Store, the comedy club run by his family. Features of the series include him attempting to add new features to the club, such as food service. Shore's parents, Mitzi Shore and Sammy Shore, also make appearances. Shore himself said of the series that he found it unusual since it was the first work in which he was required to play a straight man role.

Shore pledged to send a dollar to anyone who viewed the show's first episode and failed to laugh.

Critical reception
Ted Cox of the Arlington Heights, Illinois Daily Herald gave the show a mostly positive review. Although he thought the segments focused more on Shore's personal life than the comedy club were "dull", he also thought that Shore showed "some humility", and thought that setting the show in a comedy club added several opportunities for humor.

title: Minding the Store


text:
Talk:Jamboree (Beat Happening album)

Fair use rationale for Image:BeatHappeningJamboree.jpg
Image:BeatHappeningJamboree.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 02:21, 1 June 2007 (UTC)

External links modified
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I have just modified 2 external links on Jamboree (Beat Happening album). Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
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 * Added archive http://www.webcitation.org/5wjlLnVho?url=http://pitchfork.com/features/articles/6176-twee-as-fuck/ to http://pitchfork.com/features/articles/6176-twee-as-fuck/

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title: Talk:Jamboree (Beat Happening album)


text:
Talk:Tic Tac

Box contents
There are 37 tic tacs per box.
 * 116.231.233.253 (talk) 00:14, 4 July 2013 (UTC)

Calorie versus calorie
If I remember my medical science courses correctly (I should), 1 Calorie = 1000 calories = 1 kcal. This article seems to confuse the Calorie (big C) with the calorie (small C). 81.247.123.105 (talk) 13:13, 23 February 2008 (UTC)
 * Yes, it would be good if someone knowing those matters corrected that. Calories, calories, kiloCalories, kilocalories? It's too complicated for an ordinary reader. --Jędrzej Pełka (talk) 17:22, 17 July 2010 (UTC)
 * It's not really. No one bothers to capitalize it and it's not important outside of the lab. In daily life, kilocalorie is always meant. 116.231.233.253 (talk) 00:13, 4 July 2013 (UTC)

Name of Article: Candy?

 * Shouldn't it be under Tic Tac (mint)? 65.197.192.130 21:25, 22 March 2007 (UTC)

No because Mint is just one of its many flavours.Mark E 13:28, 10 July 2007 (UTC)
 * I think that tic tacs are universally known as candy, so there's no need. It's not like a person or city is named Tic Tac. 68.235.157.103 (talk) 04:51, 28 May 2010 (UTC)
 * 'candy' is not universal. In the UK the term for candy is 'sweet', in Australia the term is 'lolly'  Mjoyce (talk) 01:00, 17 July 2012 (UTC)

Tic Tacs vs. iPod Nano image
I strongly suspect that the image was created to show the relative size of the iPod nano, not the size of a box of Tic Tacs. The size of a box of tic tacs really shouldn't merit a comparison image at all, but if it really is important to some people then can we find another picture with something more appropriate? The iPod Nano isn't exactly a known standard. Perhaps a quarter or penny instead? Or (even better) mention the height of the box in the introduction (e.g. Tic Tacs come in a clear plastic box about five centimeters tall...). Anyone disagree?

Selevercin 01:30, 5 December 2006 (UTC)

 * It has been over 1 month with no disagreements (or otherwise any comments at all). I have gone ahead with the removal of the offending image.  Once again, the image added very little to the article and if anyone really wants the size of a box of Tic Tacs, they should consider one of my suggestions above. Selevercin 16:52, 15 January 2007 (UTC)

Under wrong name?
This article should really be under 'tic tac' since that is the name of the product. However, this will clash with 'tic-tac', the betting signalling system. Davidbod 00:28, August 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * I know no one who calls them "Tic Tac", it's always the plural, even in adverts they refer to them as Tic Tacs. It's the most common name and I personally think it should stay as such on the Wiki. - Ferret 16:15, 4 September 2005 (UTC)
 * You are correct that "Tic Tacs" is the correct name for the product and for the article. We would not name the article on Certs as "Cert", would we? Herostratus 05:11, 9 November 2005 (UTC)
 * I completely disagree. Perhaps it is a US vs. UK thing, because it's very common to "have a Tic Tac" on this side of the pond.  We would still say, "Pass the tic tacs" when referring to the container full of candy.  But the package is clearly labelled "tic tac", while Certs is labelled with an "s".  Also, "tic tac" beats "tic tacs" in a Google Fight, hands down.  Finally, the bloody website is tictacusa Hoof Hearted 19:26, 23 August 2006 (UTC)
 * After loking at the main page and checking my own boxes I agree the name of the main page should be under correct title of the actual product and not the colloquial title of the product.(Halbared 09:51, 24 August 2006 (UTC))I l
 * It's not even the colloquial name. It's just that people usually refer to them in the plural. The brand name and the individual product is Tic Tac on both sides of the Pond. 116.231.233.253 (talk) 00:13, 4 July 2013 (UTC)
 * Legally, trademarks are considered adjectives. People commonly use them as nouns in ordinary conversation (some Tic Tacs, a Kleenex), but in formal writing they should modify a generic noun (Tic Tac mints, Kleenex tissues), unless the reference is to the name as such instead of the thing it describes. Richard K. Carson (talk) 20:58, 18 April 2015 (UTC)
 * Everywhere on the manufacturer's site the brand is referred to as either tic tac or Tic Tac, but this article shows it as Tic-Tac with a hyphen all over the place. The brand clearly is not intended to be hyphenated. I came to wikipedia to check the brand name after seeing it with and without hyphens in various places, but this article just adds to the confusion. Needs a serious clean up. 81.139.167.1 (talk) 10:50, 29 March 2016 (UTC)

30% bigger
the 30% bigger Tic Tacs are listed as an innovation and it is implied that they are a different variety of Tic Tac. Maybe it wasn't an international change, but in the US ALL Tic Tacs are 30% larger than the originals.

tic tac capitalization
I have noticed that everywhere on the official website and on the box itself, the capitalization is strictly 'tic tac'. I propose a capitalization change. LtDonny 06:57, 24 December 2006 (UTC)
 * The website and the box are clearly all in lower case, so I'd agree that the page should be moved to 'tic tac'. However, isn't there a technical issue with Wikipedia pages that don't begin with a capital letter? Incidentally, I've changed back the idiot who replaced the 'tic tic's with capitals everywhere. 82.43.137.103 17:39, 16 February 2007 (UTC)
 * It's a misapprehension that the name should be written lower case in plain text. Corporations do not have the right to override the capitalisation of proper nouns. The lower-case lettering is a design feature only. Numerous brands have got lower-case logos, and some of them choose to spread this into the text on their own websites - it doesn't make it correct. Salopian (talk) 16:32, 22 February 2008 (UTC)
 * More importantly, it's against Wikipedia's style guide, which says we should ignore any odd stylizations in brand names in the title and lede section and simply note it parenthetically if it's important. 116.231.233.253 (talk) 00:13, 4 July 2013 (UTC)

No More Lime!?
I can nolonger find just lime tic tacs in the store these days. It is now always lemon and lime, which I don't like. I went to there website and was shocked to find they dont advertize lime by its self. Have they done away with just lime? I think it really sucks if they did! William 18:30, 31 Decembe 2007

Eucalyptus flavour in Slovakia (Europe)
There is Eucalyptus flavour ("winter edition") advertised here in Slovakia, however I have yet to see it in the shops. Hyartep 09:15, 26 October 2007 (UTC)

Official links
Considering tic tacs are a Ferrero product, shouldn't we list also a link to the Italian official website (not just the US site)? The website url is http://www.tic-tac.it/ Hroswith (talk) 12:17, 9 April 2008 (UTC)

Box sizes
On my 4/19/2008 edit in the Nutrition section I added the piece count for a box size not mentioned: "Big Pack", which is what the boxes are labled in a recent tic tac purchase I made in Colorado, USA. It is labeled with net weight of 1oz / 29g. I counted the pieces in two "Big Pack" boxes and both counts came to 59. This count jives with the Calorie information documented in the same section (390 Calories per 100 grams).

Flavour section tidy up
I think we could improve the flavor section by using a table. Here are my suggested columns:

Dates should be Month-yyyy or some other date format, seasons are relative. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Mjoyce (talk • contribs) 01:09, 17 July 2012 (UTC)

 * We should avoid including an WP:INDISCRIMINATE amount of statistics about "sightings", especially if they are being provided without a reliable source. It'd be more useful to write about the history of significant flavours in context (the current article doesn't even state whether the product was originally mint-only, or if other flavours were also around at launch), than to overwhelm the reader with a large, unexplained table of fifty international flavours. --McGeddon (talk) 14:11, 4 September 2012 (UTC)

Manufacturing
Given that most everyone assumes they are an Italian or American brand, probably worth mentioning that their Cork factory in Ireland produces 45% of world demand, assuming we can find a less biased source for the stat. 116.231.233.253 (talk) 00:13, 4 July 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tic Tac


text:
User talk:Hyperglitter

Hi, now the anon IP vandal seems to have quietened down, I can take a moment to welcome you, sorry you got caught in the middle of that with the Thunderboy page.

Welcome to Wikipedia!
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia!

Here are some tips:
 * Take a look at the Simplified Ruleset.
 * Read the Tutorial, How to edit a page and the Manual of Style.
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 * Add yourself to the New user log and a regional notice board
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 * Use the Show preview button
 * Provide an Edit summary
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 * Ignore all rules

If you feel a change is needed, feel free to make it yourself! Wikipedia is a wiki, so anyone (yourself included) can edit any article by following the  link. Wikipedia convention is to be bold and not be afraid of making mistakes. If you're not sure how editing works, have a look at How to edit a page, or try out the Sandbox to test your editing skills.

If, for some reason, you are unable to fix a problem yourself, feel free to ask someone else to do it. Wikipedia has a vibrant community of contributors who have a wide range of skills and specialties, and many of them would be glad to help. As well as the wiki community pages there are IRC Channels, where you are more than welcome to ask for assistance, Alf 00:28, 29 August 2005 (UTC).

title: User talk:Hyperglitter


text:
Talk:Mitchell (film)

NPOV, quotes, cleanup
This article is heavily slanted toward the MST3K view of the film. However entertaining that might be, it should be edited to a more neutral point of view. Also, most if not all of the quotes should be moved to Wikiquote (those that aren't there already). Finally, it contains some assertions (BBI editing, JD Baker's threat) that should be backed up by evidence, lest they be removed for being original research. ~ Jeff Q (talk) 00:28, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

I added a citation for Joe Don Baker's threat. Sixtus LXVI 23:29, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks, Sixtus! At least one issue has been resolved. ~ Jeff Q (talk) 23:41, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

This is my first time I'm doing this, so I apologize if I screw up. I have a few problems with the article. First, Kevin Murphy said on camera (I've seen this now) that Joe Don Baker's threat was more than likely just a joke. Second, there is too much blame on MST3K editing the film down. Much of the blame should go to Lorimar TV, which edited out all the violence, cursing, and sex first. Also, this film is indeed very slanted to the MST3K view of the film. Vanhagar3000

I wrote a more-or-less coherent introduction and plot summary in order to give the page some semblance of NPOV. The fact that this is a terrible, terrible film is not an adequate excuse for such a slanted entry, and I say that as a big fan of MST3K and the episode based on this film. --Brad E. Williams 19:17, 6 February 2006 (UTC)

Excellent rewrite of the plot section by Kooshmeister. On another note, how do we get the article unflagged, since the NPOV issues seem to have been resolved? --Brad E. Williams 15:55, 6 March 2006 (UTC)

I began this article in August 2005. As slanted as the original may be, it is now worse, having been sanitized and stripped of its intellectually comedic position. 129.61.46.16 17:28, 13 April 2006 (UTC)

 * The above posting is a bit confusing. First, this article was not created in August 2005, but rather on 1 June 2005. By August, it was a substantial article. Second, neither the above IP address nor any similar network address appears in the edit history. (Of course, an anonymous editor can appear at any IP address, but their claims to being the same person cannot be proven. That's one of many reasons why we ask people to register — to get proper credit, per the GFDL license, for their contributions.) In the end, though, Wikipedia is not a collection of humor columns, but an encyclopedia. While humor is encouraged, it must only supplement — not take the place of — verifiable, neutrally written factual information, based on reliable sources. ~ Jeff Q (talk) 20:31, 13 April 2006 (UTC)

More clean up: The rhino dvd release of Mitchell does not include the uncut movie as a bonus feature, just the theatrical trailer. 24.27.8.29

I removed the following: ==Production== The sound recording of the film was poorly done. In most scenes the dialog is difficult to understand due to the low quality sound recording.

The Warner Archives DVD is perfectly clear, and certainly not difficult to understand. I imagine the MST3K version is difficult to understand, especially when you have people talking over the dialogue.2001:558:6026:B:4A5:FECA:713B:BE42 (talk) 02:16, 21 April 2015 (UTC)

MST3K quotes moved to Wikiquote
I've moved the contents of the "MST3K quotes" section to Mystery Science Theater 3000, which is where they belong. (Even there, this collection is rather more substantial than it should be, given copyright concerns.) This article is far too slanted toward the MST3K version as it is. ~ Jeff Q (talk) 12:12, 16 January 2006 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Mitchellmovieposter.jpg
Image:Mitchellmovieposter.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 19:58, 2 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Taken care of (dusts hands). Robert K S (talk) 21:00, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

Time Out
The article has a section on the film's contemporary critical reception, which is a something that more articles should have. There is a quote from a review by Vincent Canby, which the New York Times helpfully dates to 11 September 1975. The article continues with a quote from the Time Out Film Guide; there is an implication that this was also written in 1975, but it's not explicitly dated. I'm tempted to say that e.g. "Writing much later, the Time Out Film Guide said that etc", but is the guide a collection of original reviews, or was it written much latter (like the All Music Guide, for example)? -Ashley Pomeroy (talk) 16:50, 3 October 2008 (UTC)

TAM Information drone?
Maybe I'm missing something but I can't find any clue as to what a "TAM Information drone" is. Seems to me like Linda Evans was just playing a prostitute who liked oily, doughy guys. 75.91.55.146 (talk) 16:20, 11 June 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Mitchell (film)


text: User talk:69.47.168.191

title: User talk:69.47.168.191


text: User talk:69.157.93.53

title: User talk:69.157.93.53


text:
Portencross Castle

Portencross Castle, also known historically as Portincross Castle, is situated in Portencross, on the west coast of Scotland, about 3 km from West Kilbride. The site has been fortified since the 11th Century. The present tower castle is thought to date from the mid-14th Century and later. It remained in use until it was unroofed by a great storm in 1739 and gradually became ruinous. The castle was designated as a scheduled ancient monument in 1955.

The castle was one of the buildings featured in the 2004 series of the BBC television programme Restoration and was the subject of efforts by a local community group to secure its future.

History
In the castle's earliest days, it was known as "Arneil" (alternatively spelled "Arnele" or "Ardneil") and was held by the de Ross family. After the victory over the English at the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314, King Robert the Bruce gave the estate to Sir Robert Boyd of Kilmarnock a year later. Replacing a small castle on Auld Hill, Portencross castle was rebuilt in the mid- to late-14th century on a rock promontory at the bottom of Auld Hill, overlooking the Firth of Clyde by Boyd's grandson, also named Robert Boyd. It served as the caput of the Barony of Ardneil. From this location, King Robert II probably signed 15 charters dated at Arnele between 1371 and 1390.

Description
Portencross Castle was probably first constructed as a stone-built hall house and there may have been a barmkin protecting the structure. The next phase of building was to add upper storeys and an attic in the late 1400s. Around this time a ground-floor entrance was also added. The Boyds retained ownership of the castle until 1737 and made further alterations, including adding upper attic rooms and extending the spiral staircase to reach them. The local fisherman continued to use the castle after it was unroofed in 1739 and they may have made a number of small alterations.

The castle has an oblong keep that is three storeys high with a garret. The wing, located at one end of the keep is one storey higher. The entire ground floor is vaulted and there are entrances on the ground floor and in the first storey. It has been restored by the Friends of Portencross Castle during the 2010s and is maintained by them as a museum.

title: Portencross Castle


text:
Phobetron pithecium

Phobetron pithecium, the hag moth, is a moth of the family Limacodidae. Its larva is known as the monkey slug.

Life cycle
One generation a year occurs in the north, but two or more happen in the southern United States.

Larva
The larva is distinctive, with no close analogues, although it may be mistaken for the shed skin of a hairy spider or leaf debris. It has nine pairs of curly projections or tubercles of varying lengths from the flattened body, each densely covered in hairs. The third, fifth and seventh projection are often longer than the others. The caterpillar has been reported to cause irritation to humans. Like all limacodids, the legs are shortened and the prolegs are reduced to suction cups. The "arms" or tubercles can fall off without harming the caterpillar, aiding the larva in defense. The larvae are 1.5-2.5 cm in length.

It is solitary and is not a very significant agricultural threat, but it is a common sight in orchards.

Pupa
This species pupates in a cup-shaped cocoon with a circular escape hatch.

Adult
The adult moth has a wingspan up to 3 cm. The male has translucent wings, and the female is drab brown and gray, with yellow scales on her legs. The day-flying female is said to mimic a bee, complete with pollen sacs, and the male mimics a wasp.

Food plants
Larvae live on the underside of the leaves of, and feeds on, a variety of deciduous trees and shrubs, such as apple, ash, birch, cherry, chestnut, dogwood, hickory, oak, persimmon, walnut, and willow.

title: Phobetron pithecium


text:
User:Peachslide

Hello, this is my user page. I don't have much to say except that I enjoy music and making music. The Allman Brothers Band and Grateful Dead are my favorite bands. I also play guitar.

title: User:Peachslide


text: Category:2000 Atlantic hurricane season

title: Category:2000 Atlantic hurricane season


text:
Old Kilpatrick

Old Kilpatrick (Auld Kilpaitrick, Cille Phàdraig meaning "Patrick's church"), is a village in West Dunbartonshire, Scotland. The name Old Kilpatrick is said to be derived from St. Patrick ostensibly being born here. It has an estimated population of 4,820. It belonged to the parish of Old Kilpatrick which itself was only a few thousand people strong.

The Forth and Clyde Canal separates Old Kilpatrick from the north bank of the River Clyde which is just a few metres beyond it to the south. The village is about 3 mi west of Clydebank, on the road west to Dumbarton where some say the river becomes the Firth of Clyde. The Great Western Road runs through the village whose immediate western neighbour, on the road and the canal, is Bowling, where the Forth and Clyde Canal meets the river. The modern A82 road runs to the north, between the village and the foot of the Kilpatrick Hills. In the 19th century it was described as being essentially a single street. It's possible the birthplace of Saint Patrick was near Old Kilpatrick.

Roman fort
The western end of the Antonine Wall is at Old Kilpatrick; the eastern end, 59 km distant, is at Bridgeness, to the east in Bo'ness on the Firth of Forth. The route was surveyed during the 18th century, and traced to the Chapel Hill, where various Roman artefacts were found. Lottery funding has been assigned to producing replica distance markers; the West Dunbartonshire marker is to be placed at Old Kilpatrick.

In 1790, when the Forth and Clyde Canal was being constructed, the remains of a bathhouse were discovered. In 1913, the foundations of the fort, which had been conjectured as being in the vicinity, were confirmed. In 1923, during redevelopment of the area, significant archaeology was undertaken which established the size and nature of the Roman Fort. The fort, built around 81 AD, occupied an area of about four acres and was enclosed by an outer defensive wall. If the date is correct, it shows that the fort preceded the Antonine Wall by some sixty years. Internally, buildings discovered included a praetorium (headquarters), barracks and a granary. A video reconstruction of the site has been produced. Sir George Macdonald also wrote about the excavations. Major development precluded further significant excavation, and nothing is visible of the remains today; the remains lie beneath the houses of Gavinburn Gardens to the east, a large commercial building to the west and the A814 road to the north. Finds from Old Kilpatrick include several distance slabs. One distance slab by the Twentieth Legion is known to have been completed before 1684. It depicts Victory with a palm-branch in one hand and a garland in the other. It was found at Ferrydyke on the Clyde's northern bank and records the completion of 4411 feet; the last 3 Roman numerals are the same as the remaining ones on the other damaged distance slab (RIB 2206). The slabs along with many other finds from Old Kilpatrick are now kept at the Hunterian Museum in Glasgow. For example, 19 coins have been found as well as a beaker. On 3 December 1969 a Roman votive altar was found at Old Kilpatrick. It has been scanned and a video produced. The inscription mentions the First Cohort of Baetasians, previously known to have been at Bar Hill, and also a centurion from The First Legion (Italica).

Medieval artefacts
Old Kilpatrick was one of the original parishes in medieval Scotland. The current (1812) church is built on the site of the 12th century church. One known artefact, a remnant of the previous medieval church, a font is currently on display in the local museum.

Unusually in this part of Clydeside two examples of the Govan School of sculpture, dated to the Viking period, have been found. The Old Kilpatrick Cross (in fact the shaft of a cross) discovered in 1886 when the Auchentorlie tomb was opened for the burial of Andrew Buchanan. That cross is now in storage in Glasgow Museums

Another stone, locally known as the Sandyford Cross, almost 3 metres in height was believed to be the execution place of a woman tried for witchcraft in the late 17th century. It was used as a bridge across the Dalnottar burn before being taken into the home of Robert Donald at Mountblow. From there it transferred to Glasgow Corporation in the 19th century and from there to the collection at Kelvingrove where it remains in storage

Later history

The parish system was introduced to Scotland in the 13th century. In about 1227, the church and lands of Kilpatrick were given to Paisley Abbey by Maldowen, Earl of Lennox. The parish remained under the supervision of the Abbey until the Reformation in 1560.

At the Dissolution, the Church property fell into the possession of Lord Sempill. Eventually the lands were conferred on Claude Hamilton (a boy of ten), founder of the Abercorn family. His son James Hamilton was created Lord Abercorn on 5 April 1603, then on 10 July 1606 he was made Earl of Abercorn and Lord of Paisley, Hamilton, Mountcastell and Kilpatrick.

Kilpatrick was split into two parishes – Old (Wester or West) and New Kilpatrick (also known as Easter or East) by an Act of Parliament on 16 February 1649. This division is unusual because this was a split of both the ecclesiastical and civil parishes and the wealth and stipend of the original parish was shared between the two new parishes. It was more common for new parishes to have "daughter" status, with wealth retained by the central, or cathedral church.

Old Kilpatrick was created a Burgh of barony in 1697. Its population tripled between 1755 and 1821 as the spinning and weaving industries developed. By 1831 the population was 5,800. From 1906 to 1931, Old Kilpatrick was the site of the Napier and Miller shipyard. Today, the north end of the Erskine Bridge, which replaced the Erskine Ferry, lands just above the village, and the village is served by Kilpatrick railway station on the North Clyde Line.

There are three public houses within Old Kilpatrick; The Twisted Thistle, The Ettrick and the Glen Lusset. The Twisted Thistle was previously known as the Telstar. After the closure of The Telstar, the building was renovated and reopened in 2014 as The Twisted Thistle.

There are two annual fêtes which are well attended. Also at the north end of Old Kilpatrick is the local school. Gavinburn Primary School (which was bombed in WW2) where they also have many fêtes annually.

The minerals edingtonite and thomsonite were first found at Old Kilpatrick.

In the early 1990s a large housing estate was constructed at the edge of Old Kilpatrick, the one estate was said to double the size of Old Kilpatrick.

The ancient graveyard surrounding the old parish church still has surviving gravestones from the 17th century. The current building dates from 1812 and is still in use as the local Church of Scotland parish church, now linked with neighbouring Bowling Parish Church.

The local Roman Catholic church is St. Patrick's RC Church; the current parish priest is Rev William McGinley. A fire in August 2015 saw the RC congregation temporarily without a place to worship, taking up the kind offer of the nearby Church of Scotland congregation to use their building, a friendly act of ecumenism in part of Scotland traditionally torn by bigotry.

There are plans to develop a marine technology hub at the former Royal Navy oil refinery and a wooded community area near the village.

Notable people
Many soldiers from Old Kilpatrick perished during the First World War.
 * Chris Baillie, athlete
 * Bobby Finan, footballer
 * Colonel Andrew Geils, one time Commandant (interim Governor) of Van Diemen's Land (subsequently Tasmania) and owner of the nearby estate of Dumbuck is buried in the Parish churchyard along with several other family members
 * George Harcourt-society portrait painter
 * Alexander Hart, one of the convicted Scottish Radicals
 * Ian Niall, or John McNeillie, author of The Wigtown Ploughman, was born here
 * Daniel McLaughlin (1884-1970), survivor of the shipwreck Dundonald
 * This is one of several locations that it is suggested that Saint Patrick of Ireland was captured at and enslaved in Ireland in the 5th century.
 * Aidan Quinn – Fastest Deliveroo Rider in the UK 2019

title: Old Kilpatrick


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Nnabagereka of Buganda

The Nnabagereka is the official title of the Queen consort of the Kingdom of Buganda, a traditional kingdom in modern-day Uganda. The current Nnabagereka is Sylvia Nagginda, who married Kabaka Muwenda Mutebi II of Buganda on 27 August 1999.

History
This title is a relatively recent one, created in the 20th century. Previously, Buganda tradition had only the King's mother (the Nnamasole, "Queen mother") and one of his sisters (the Lubuga, or "Queen sister") as nationally preeminent and powerful. The Nnamasole and the Lubuga each had their respective compounds in the Royal Palace, and the degree of political dominance and influence each held varied from reign to reign. The King's principal wife was meanwhile referred to as the Kaddulubaale, a title that was also held by the principal wife in any household in the kingdom.

King Chwa II (reigned 1899-1939) was the first king whose wife, Lady Irene Nnamaganda, was considered to be foremost among Buganda women. The title Nnabagereka—originally a girl's name from the Mushroom Clan—was chosen as the title of the most pre-eminent woman in the Kingdom.

Currently
The current Nnabagereka is a champion of human rights, women's rights and the rights of children, especially the girl child. She is an admired role model in Buganda, where she is referred to as "Maama wa Buganda", meaning "Mother of the Buganda Nation". Recently she has been a vocal supporter of better working conditions for government teachers ad health workers.

She is the first Nnabagereka in the history of the kingdom to set up a fully fledged office. In 2000, she established the Nnabagereka Development Foundation (NDF). The Foundation is a charitable non-government organization, whose mission is to restore the vitality of Buganda and Uganda at large by "marshaling community and household human resources for social and economic development". The Foundation has also partnered with the Alur Kingdom to also help restore neighboring kingdoms.

title: Nnabagereka of Buganda


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Maria Simon (actress)

Maria Simon (born 6 February 1976) is a German actress.

Family and background
Simon's German father originally hailed from Leipzig and studied mathematics in Leningrad. There he met Simon's Russian-Jewish mother, Olga, who studied electronics and originally hailed from Kazakhstan. The couple married while studying.

Maria Simon is the younger sister of actress Susanna Simon, who was born on 23 July 1968, in Almaty, Kazakhstan. Maria was born and brought up in the former East Germany, but moved to New York City in 1990 to live with her father, a computer expert with the United Nations, and her sister Dalena Simon. She also has a sister named Alyssa.

Simon has four children, the first from a former relationship with the actor Devid Striesow, and three with her ex-husband, the actor Bernd Michael Lade.

Education
After finishing school she moved back to the newly reunited Germany to study acting at the Academy of Performing Arts Ernst Busch in Berlin where she received her diploma in 1999.

Roles and awards
She won the award for Best Actress for her role in the film Zornige Küsse at the 22nd Moscow International Film Festival in 2000. Simon was nominated as the best supporting actress in the 2003 German Film Awards, and was named European Shooting Star (i.e., best newcomer) at the 2004 Berlinale. In the same year she played Polly in Bertolt Brechts Dreigroschenoper at the Maxim Gorki Theater in Berlin. Her TV movie Kleine Schwester was nominated for the Adolf Grimme Awards in 2005.

Filmography

 * Angry Kisses (1999), as Lea
 * Passing Summer (2001), as Johanna
 * Erste Ehe (2002), as Dorit (USA title: Portrait of a Married Couple)
 * My Daughter's Tears (2002), as Stefanie (USA title: Against All Evidence, German title: Meine Tochter ist keine Mörderin)
 * Good Bye, Lenin! (2003), as Ariane Kerner
 * Distant Lights (2003), as Sonja
 * Luther (2003), as Hanna

TV Work

 * Jenny Berlin: Tod am Meer (2000, TV series episode), as Tanja Schulz
 * Mord im Swingerclub (2000, TV film), as Susanna Bach
 * HeliCops – Einsatz über Berlin: Fehlgeleitet (2001, TV series episode), as Biene Virchow
 * Balko: Der Schweinemann (2001, TV series episode), as Marischka
 * Verbotene Küsse (2001, TV film), as Andrea
 * Jonathans Liebe (2001, TV film), as Nina Buchwald
 * Tatort: Verrat (2002, TV series episode), as Lisa Mattern
 * Alarm für Cobra 11 - Die Autobahnpolizei: Die Clique (2002, TV series episode), as Laura Friedrich
 * Tatort: Reise ins Nichts (2002, TV series episode), as Sabine Hallmeier
 * Spurlos – Ein Baby verschwindet (2003, TV film), as Andrea Bär
 * Fast perfekt verlobt (2003, TV film), as Nika Kreschninski
 * K3 – Kripo Hamburg: Auf dünnem Eis (2003, TV series episode), as Kathrin Leutgeb
 * Spur & Partner (2003, TV series), as Frau Stolz/Hausmädchen/Eva Hermann
 * Carola Stern's Double Life (2004, TV film), as Carola Stern
 * Kleine Schwester (2004, TV film), as Katrin Rubakow
 * Tatort: Feuertaufe (2005, TV series episode), as Sabine Gerber
 * Tatort: Minenspiel (2005, TV series episode), as Hannah Siems
 * Die Pathologin (2006, TV film), as Leo
 * Not All Were Murderers (2006, TV film), as Lona
 * Kongo (2010 film) (2010, TV film), as Oberleutnant Nicole Ziegler
 * Death at the Baltic Sea (2013, TV film), as Evelyn Kossack
 * Gestern waren wir noch Kinder (2023, TV miniseries), as Anna Klettmann

title: Maria Simon (actress)


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Marla Streb

Marla Streb (born June 24, 1965) is an American professional cyclist and was inducted in the mountain bike hall of fame in 2013. She has won a World Cup downhill in 2005 (Austria), twice won the Single Speed World Championship in 1999 and 2006 and also won the X-Games in 1999. Streb has written and published two books, appeared on the cover of Outside Magazine, and has been featured on network television and movies such as the IMAX movie Top Speed.

Marla is the founder and owner of Baltimore, MD's first and only bicycle-cafe, called HandleBar Cafe. Streb also works as the PR and media liaison with the all-women's professional trade team, The Clif Pro Team, and contracts as an LCI instructor with Bike Maryland, a non-profit cycling advocacy organization.

Streb currently owns a natural-surface trail design company called Streb Trail Systems in Costa Rica, and runs a mountain bike touring company called Jungle Mountain Bike Tours in Montezuma, Costa Rica

Palmarès

 * 1998
 * X GAMES Champion – Crested Butt, CO
 * 1st, NORBA Series – Seven Springs, PA
 * 1st, NORBA Series Finals – Durango, Colorado, USA
 * 1st, NORBA Series – Mt. Snow, VT
 * 1st, Sea Otter Classic – Monterey, CA
 * 1999
 * Single Speed World Champion – Rancho Cucamonga, CA, USA
 * 2000
 * 1st NORBA Series – Mammoth Mt., CA
 * 1st NORBA Series – Deer Valley, UT
 * 3rd, UCI World Championships – Sierra Nevada, Spain
 * 3rd, UCI World Cup – Arai, Japan
 * 2001
 * 1st, NORBA Series, Big Bear Lake, CA
 * 1st, Sea Otter Classic, Monterey, CA
 * 2003
 * U.S. National Downhill Champion
 * World Cup Downhill Finals Champion- Kaprun, Austria
 * 1st NORBA Series – Snowshoe, W VA
 * 1st NORBA Series – Mt. Snow, VT
 * 3rd, UCI World Cup – Mount Ste. Anne, Canada
 * 2004
 * U.S. National Downhill Champion
 * U.S. National Super-Downhill Champion
 * 2005
 * Single Speed World Champion – State College, PA
 * 1st, Sea Otter Classic- Single Speed Cross Country
 * 1st, NORBA Super-Downhill – Arizona
 * 1st, Crankworx Enduro Downhill, Whistler-Blackcomb, BC
 * 2014
 * 1st, Mayhem Enduro – The Wilds, Ohio
 * 1st, OverMountain Enduro- Northfield, NH
 * 2015
 * 1st, Mayhem Enduro- The Wilds, Ohio
 * 4th, Sea Otter Classic Enduro- Monterey, CA
 * 2016
 * 1st, Mayhem Enduro- The Wilds, Ohio

title: Marla Streb


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Greers Ferry Lake

Greers Ferry Lake is the reservoir formed by Greers Ferry Dam, a United States Army Corps of Engineers dam in Northern Arkansas. It is located about 60 mi north of Little Rock.

Geography
The reservoir consists of two lakes connected by a water-filled gorge called the Narrows. The area of the two lakes and the Narrows totals about 40500 acre with a combined shoreline of just over 340 mi. In the 1800s there was a town, Higden, in the valley flooded by the lake. The farmers in Higden had constant trouble with flooding. The land was purchased, residents left and the city was abandoned, the cemeteries were moved, and the area was allowed to flood. The town has since been re-established on a nearby hill. Many nearby residents and several eyewitness accounts tell that homes and buildings still stand under the water to this day. Several roads in town can be followed to the shore where they disappear under the water, and surface on the opposite side of the lake. Most of these roads are now used as launch ramps for boats. Old West Main Street in Heber Springs is an example. One road in particular near "Sandy Beach" in Heber Springs is a popular fireworks show in the area during July, and can be reached by divers without equipment.

In 1969, former Greers Ferry Lake Resident Engineer Carl Garner started and led the first Annual Greers Ferry Lake & Little Red River Association litter cleanup. In 1990, the Great Arkansas Cleanup was developed, based on the Greers Ferry Lake & Little Red River Association model that Mr. Garner started.

The normal pool of Greers Ferry Lake is 461.3 ft above sea level. The lowest safe level of the lake with still being able to generate hydroelectric power is 435.0 ft. The lake has flooded various times. The lake crested at 483.95 ft in 1973. It crested above 485 ft in 1982. In April 2008, the lake topped the previous high from 1982. On April 11, 2008 the lake topped 486 ft, only a few feet away from many local houses.

Recreational use
Since the formation of Greers Ferry Lake in the early 1960s, tourism has thrived around the lake, and the population has topped 6,000 in Heber Springs. Through the 1970s, many luxurious neighborhoods were built around the lake, and continue to be built. Various activities are available to the public: swimming, cliff diving, boating, fishing, scuba diving, camping, and other water recreational activities are popular among locals and tourists alike. Recently famous for rainbow trout, the Little Red River, in the cool water coming from under the dam, has become a favorite fishing spot year round. Several camp grounds and boat docks/ramps offer direct access to the river. Also, small neighborhoods have been built around the Little Red River.

A 12.38 kg hybrid striped bass was caught in Greers Ferry Lake on May 24, 1997 by angler Jerald Shaum, setting an International Game Fish Association world record.

title: Greers Ferry Lake


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Alpha Mission

Alpha Mission, known as ASO: Armored Scrum Object (エー・エス・オー - アーマード・スクラム・オブジェクト) in Japan, is a vertically scrolling shooter developed by SNK and released as an arcade video game in 1985 by Namco in Japan and Tradewest in North America. It was later ported to the Famicom in 1986 and released for the Nintendo Entertainment System in 1987.

The arcade game was a commercial success in Japan, where it was the seventh highest-grossing table arcade game of 1986. A sequel, Alpha Mission II, was released for the Neo Geo arcade system in 1991.

Gameplay
Alpha Mission is a one-player scrolling shooter game in its segregation of air-to-air and air-to-ground weapons. Missiles are used to destroy ground enemies, while laser-like weapons are used for aerial opponents. Throughout each of the levels, the player must fight off waves of enemies that threaten several space stations and a boss must be defeated at the end of each. Like most early games in this genre, when the player dies, all weapons are lost and the player is moved to a point slightly before the point of death. The player's craft can also be upgraded to have more powerful weapons by picking up various power-ups throughout the level.

Release
Alpha Mission was released on the PlayStation Portable as part of PSP Minis via PlayStation Store in 2011. Alpha Mission was also released on the Nintendo Switch in the Nintendo eShop on 25 October 2018 and on the PlayStation 4 via PlayStation Store on 18 July 2019 by Hamster Corporation as part of their Arcade Archives series. The game is also included on SNK 40th Anniversary Collection, the collection has both the original arcade and the NES version. It includes both the Japanese version and the Western/international version.

Reception
In Japan, Game Machine listed ASO on their December 1, 1985 issue as being the second most-successful table arcade cabinet of the month. It was later listed by Game Machine as Japan's fifth highest-grossing table arcade game during the first half of 1986, and it was the seventh overall highest-grossing table arcade game of 1986.

title: Alpha Mission


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John McGrath (playwright)

John Peter McGrath (1 June 1935 – 22 January 2002) was a British playwright and theatre theorist who took up the cause of Socialism in his plays.

Early life and career
From an Irish Catholic background, McGrath was born in Birkenhead, and educated in Mold and, after his National Service, at St John's College, Oxford. During the early 1960s he worked for the BBC, and wrote and directed many of the early episodes of the corporation's police series Z-Cars which began in 1962.

Theatrical career
McGrath is best remembered as a playwright and for his theoretical formulation of the principles of a radical, popular theatre. His play Soft Or A Girl was performed at the Liverpool Everyman Theatre in the early 1970s with great success.l, including in the cast the actor Alison Steadman. The play dealt with, amongst other things, the role of the city council in continuing, as the play claims, Hitler's destruction of large parts of the inner city and, with it, parts of its history The 7:84 Theatre Company was established in 1971 by McGrath, his wife (Elizabeth MacLennan) and her brother (David MacLennan), and The Cheviot, the Stag, and the Black Black Oil (1973), his best-known play, was created with these principles in mind. It utilizes some of the dramaturgical and theatrical techniques of epic theatre – actors take on multiple roles and frequently slip out of character – of the type associated with the German dramatist Bertolt Brecht, but which McGrath argued have a genealogy that stretches far further back through the history of popular traditions of performance. The title of the play refers to three pivotal periods in the history of class struggle in Scotland: the clearing of the Scottish highlands to make way for grazing land, the subsequent use of this land by the wealthy for shooting, and its current exploitation in the oil market. These changes are identified as forming a recurrent pattern of abuse of the land and the exploitation of the people by outsiders and by wealthier locals. It was broadcast in the BBC's Play for Today series in 1974.

He adapted the satirical morality play A Satire of the Three Estates (1540) by David Lyndsay as a contemporary morality A Satire of the Four Estaites, which was presented by Wildcat Theatre Company at the Edinburgh International Conference Centre as part of the Edinburgh International Festival in 1996. This production opened on 16 August 1996 and featured Sylvester McCoy.

Personal life
In 1962 he had married Elizabeth MacLennan, the Scottish actress, whom he had met while they were both at Oxford University; the couple had two sons and a daughter.

Death
McGrath died from leukemia in January 2002. In McGrath's obituary published by The Guardian, Michael Billington wrote: "No one since Joan Littlewood did more to advance the cause of popular theatre in Britain than John McGrath".

Reviews

 * Paterson, Tony (1981), Four Decades of Drama, including a review of Two Plays for the Eighties, in Cencrastus No. 7, Winter 1981–82, pp. 43 & 44,
 * Lacey, Stephen (1982), review of A Good Night Out: Popular Theatre - Audience, Class and Form and The Cheviot, the Stag and the Black, Black Oil, in Cencrastus No. 8, Spring 1982, pp. 40 & 41,

Externals
John McGrath on IMDb

title: John McGrath (playwright)


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User:Ally-oops

Hi - I'm Alison.

Just making this non-blank, really ...

title: User:Ally-oops


text: User talk:69.163.66.50

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Queen Sylvia of Buganda

Sylvia Nagginda (born 9 November 1962) is Queen of Buganda as the wife of Ronald Muwenda Mutebi II.

Background
Nagginda was born in England in 1962 to John Mulumba Luswata of Nkumba, Entebbe and Rebecca Nakintu Musoke and returned to Uganda shortly thereafter to be raised by her grandparents of the Omusu Clan. She is the granddaughter of George William Musoke and Nora Musoke of Nnazigo, Kyaggwe, and Omutaka Nelson Nkalubo Sebugwawo and Catherine Sebugwawo of Nkumba. She has three brothers and three sisters.

Education
Sylvia attended Lake Victoria Primary School, in Entebbe, Gayaza Junior School, and Wanyange Girls School. After graduating from secondary school, she went to the United States to continue her studies. She earned an associate degree with honours from LaGuardia Community College of the City University of New York, a Bachelor of Arts degree from New York University, and a Master of Arts degree with Distinction in Mass Communication from the New York Institute of Technology.

Work experience
Sylvia went on to work as a Public Information Officer and Research Consultant at the United Nations headquarters in New York, as a proposal writer with Maximus Inc., and as an independent consultant in public relations and business development with various firms. She has applied her skills in fields such as public information, economic research, health care and human services, and international non-profit activities. She is one of the founders of the African Queens and Women Cultural Leaders Network, whose primary focus is the "improvement of the lives of women and children in Africa". Collaborating organizations include the African Union, the United Nations, and African governments.

The Nnaabagereka supports the Kabaka's Education Fund in assisting to make education available to the least advantaged children through a scholarship scheme. She stresses the need for high quality education accessible to all children and relevant to the needs of society.

The Nnabagereka places special emphasis on the education of girls, as witnessed through her work as a Goodwill Ambassador for United Nations Population Fund, advocating for girls' education; She is also involved with the Forum for African Women Educationalists an organization whose goal is to accelerate female participation in education and to bridge the gender gap within the education system at all levels. The Nnabagereka is very cautious about the cultural values that make a good mother or woman in Buganda, but stresses that these should be handled in such a way that girls are not denied any opportunity in education.

As Queen, Sylvia has worked to raise awareness of the value of educating girls. She endorses abstinence from premarital sex to avoid HIV/AIDS and has tried to reduce the stigma of those living with the disease. The Queen is the patron of various organizations and heads the Nnaabagereka Development Trust Foundation. She has also spearheaded immunization campaigns against measles, polio, tetanus, and other diseases. She also established the Kampala Ballet and Modern Dance School, the first of its kind in Uganda.

Through her Nabagereka Foundation, Queen Nagginda's Ekisakaate summer camp has groomed more than 30,000 Ugandan youth since 2008. The camp takes place every January and admits youth between 13 and 18 years.

"Ekisakaate kya Nabagereka" meaning the queen's camp, emphasizes Buganda culture. Teenagers are taught skills including peeling matooke, greeting in Buganda culture, dancing the kiganda dance among other activities.

Mentors are also called upon to address the teenagers who look up to them. Jennifer Musisi, Robert Kyaglanyi Ssentamu, Juliana Kanyomozi are among some of the mentors to grace the ekisakaate camp in recent times.

Personal life
After living in the United States for 18 years, Sylvia returned to Uganda. In 1998 she became romantically involved with her long-time acquaintance Muwenda Mutebi II of Buganda. Their engagement was announced on 14 February 1999. On 27 August of that year, she married the King at St. Paul's Cathedral on Namirembe Hill, becoming the first queen of Buganda in fifty years. On 4 July 2001 in London, the Queen delivered her first child, Princess Katrina Sarah Ssangalyambogo, which means "buffalo's horn". She is also step-mother to the King's other children.

On 23 March 2023, Queen Sylvia launched her book, an autobiography titled The Nnaabagereka Queen Sylvia Nagginda Luswata at the Sheraton Hotel in Kampala. The book is a peek into her life, duty and passion.

title: Queen Sylvia of Buganda


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User talk:Beverlysillsonline

Please do not add commercial links or links to your own private websites to Wikipedia. Wikipedia is not a vehicle for advertising or a mere collection of external links. See the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. --JYolkowski // talk 00:42, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Beverlysillsonline


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Tucker Smallwood

Tucker Smallwood (born February 22, 1944) is an American actor, author, and vocalist.

Early life
From 1967 to 1970, Smallwood served as a lieutenant in the U.S. Army's Airborne Infantry. Commanding a Mobile Advisory Team during the Vietnam War, he was critically wounded in action and pronounced dead, in 1969, but survived. After recovering from the injuries, Smallwood moved to New York City where he studied acting at the Neighborhood Playhouse and established a career as a performer in Broadway productions (Mahalia), films and television.

Career
His films include The Cotton Club (1984), Contact (1997), Deep Impact (1998), Larry David's Sour Grapes, Traffic (2000), The One (2001), Quigley (2003), Spectres (2004) and Embers (2015). On television, he has been a regular and made guest appearances on many series, including Space: Above and Beyond, Millennium, Babylon 5, The X-Files, Curb Your Enthusiasm, Seinfeld, Murphy Brown, Star Trek: Voyager, Star Trek: Enterprise, Friends and The Sarah Silverman Program.

He often plays military characters, and as a science fiction fan, he always longed to play a Star Trek alien. He came close on Voyager when he played the human form of a disguised alien, but it was not until Enterprise that he played a fully alien character, a sympathetic Xindi, for several episodes.

Smallwood sometimes sings in his acting roles. He plays his guitar on several occasions on Space: Above and Beyond, as Commodore Ross. His character on Millennium sang to people before euthanizing them. He is the vocalist in the blues band Incarnation led by bassist Jerry Jemmott. Their self-titled first album, produced in 1994 at Clark Dimond's Dimond Studio in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains, is a tribute to the music of Delta Blues King Robert Johnson with 15 tracks written by or associated with Johnson. It was actually recorded in 1981 at Greene St. Recording featuring guitarist Arlen Roth. They were joined by Pat Conte on Guitar and T C James on piano with Herb Lovelle on drums.

Smallwood was one of the two actors in Bruce Nauman's video installation, "Good Boy Bad Boy" (1985).

He is the author of Return to Eden, anthology of 33 personal essays describing his tour of duty in the Vietnam War, his life as performer and his return to Vietnam in 2004. Some of these essays previously appeared in magazines. In 2006, the mp3 version of Return to Eden was first runner-up in the audio/spoken word category at the Fifth Annual DIY Book Festival, which celebrates independent authors and publishers. In 2009, he hosted the hybrid television radio horror anthology series As Darkness Falls.

title: Tucker Smallwood