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Wish Me Luck

Wish Me Luck is a British television drama about the exploits of British women undercover agents during the Second World War. The series was made by London Weekend Television for the ITV network between 17 January 1988 and 25 February 1990 and created by Lavinia Warner and Jill Hyem, who had previously produced and written the BBC women prisoner of war series Tenko. The series was filmed on location in England and France.

Wish Me Luck is similar to Tenko and the 1970s BBC drama Secret Army, in that it deals with strong female characters coping under extreme conditions in wartime. The organisation for which the series' women agents worked, the Outfit, was based on the real-life Special Operations Executive. Season 1 and 2 were based on the exploits of SOE agent Nancy Wake and much of the dialogue was copied from her autobiography The White Mouse.

The series also addressed social issues and divisions under wartime conditions. A great deal of attention was also paid to creating the social context of the operatives, the drama of their work, against the backdrop of an intensely detailed local "colour" in both wartime Britain and France.

"Wish Me Luck (as You Wave Me Goodbye)" is a song made popular during the Second World War by Gracie Fields.

Principal cast and crew
The first series centered around the exploits of two recruits: Also starring:
 * Liz Grainger/Celeste — Kate Buffery
 * Matty Firman/Aimee — Suzanna Hamilton
 * Jane Asher — Faith Ashley
 * Julian Glover — Colonel Cadogan
 * Michael J. Jackson — Kit Vanston/Gregoire
 * Jeremy Northam — Colin Beale/Cyrano
 * Shelagh McLeod — Claudine de Valois
 * Warren Clarke — Colonel Werner Krieger
 * Lynn Farleigh — Vivien Ashton/Solange
 * Catherine Schell — Virginia Mitchell/Dominique
 * Jeremy Nicholas — Lewis Lake/Antoine
 * Mark Anstee — Luc Ferrier
 * Trevyn McDowell — Yvette

The third and final series, which was based on the 1944 Vercors rebellion, saw Jane Snowden joined by Catherine Schell, Jeremy Nicholas and, in one of her first television roles, Shirley Henderson. Running the 'Outfit' back in London were Jane Asher and Julian Glover. Other key characters were played by Terrence Hardiman, Jeremy Northam, Stuart McGugan, Felicity Montagu, Mark Anstee, Trevor Peacock and Nigel Le Vaillant.

There were 23 episodes in all. The first series was directed by Gordon Flemyng, the second and third series by Bill Hays.

Series 1
Episode 1 opens with Liz Grainger, codename Celeste (Buffery) apparently undergoing violent German interrogation. It transpires that this is part of her training for 'The Outfit', a secret organisation run by Colonel James 'Cad' Cadogan (Glover) and Faith Ashley (Asher), who are now recruiting civilians to boost their numbers. The rest of the episode combines scenes of Liz's training to go to France as an undercover agent - and that of fellow recruit Mathilde (Matty) Firman, codename Aimee (Hamilton) - with flashbacks showing how they came to be recruited. Matty is a factory worker from Stepney, who escaped to London from France with her French mother early in the war and is steered to The Outfit by an officer who witnesses her at a dance slapping a man for calling the French collaborators. She is desperate to contribute more effectively to the war effort because of her French and Jewish heritage. Liz, whose husband is serving overseas and whose brother Jack has recently been killed in the war, has moved to Devon with her daughter Vicky to escape the Blitz. She is recruited almost by accident, following her response to a radio appeal for French holiday snaps to help the war effort (in circumstances resembling those of the recruitment of real life agent Odette Hallowes). Liz initially refuses to undertake work which would entail leaving her daughter but is persuaded by Cad to undergo training, in which she does well, and becomes determined to volunteer. Cad overrides the reservations of some of his colleagues about sending civilian women (particularly a mother) to France and recommends her as a courier. Also to be sent is former actor, Colin Beale, codename Cyrano (Northam) whom Liz and Matty have befriended during training. In contrast Matty, despite excelling in her training as a wireless operator, is rejected for undercover work: her talkative nature makes her a security risk.

In Episode 2, Matty has returned to Stepney and the factory, but Cad is regretting rejecting her since their recruitment pool is dwindling. He relents and calls Matty back, initially for wireless receiving ("godfather") work in England, where she makes friends with fellow-trainee Lois Mountjoy (Abigail McKern). Liz is now at the final stage of training, and Matty makes the most of her second chance by being top of the class. Meanwhile, Cad, Faith and their colleagues discuss the worsening situation in 'Area 3', around Brague. Kit Vanston, codename Gregoire (Jackson), the resident agent out there, is convinced that the Germans are planning a major operation in the dock area but can do nothing without back-up. There are doubts about the local Communists and resistance and messages coming through are virtually unreadable because Kit doesn't have a wireless operator. Liz and Colin are to be rushed out there to help - Liz has a childhood friend, Claudine De Valois, as a contact in the area. News from the training school is that Matty is the only wireless trainee at the standard required to go into the field and she is added to the team. Lois is to act as her "godmother" at home. The three are briefed, say their goodbyes and prepare to leave immediately.

At the outset of Episode 3, Liz, Matty and Colin have arrived by plane in Area 3 where they are met by members of the communist resistance, headed by Maurice (Vincenzo Nicoli), and to their astonishment, local villagers, revealing worryingly lax security arrangements. Maurice directs Colin to the docks and Liz and Matty to Kit Vanston's hideout. Liz engineers things so that she meets Kit first; she has met him before as he was a friend of her brother's. He is abrasive and contemptuous that the new courier and wireless operator are women. After some difficulty finding an appropriate billet, Matty establishes herself in her cover identity as a district nurse. However, she has trouble getting a transmission through and ends up staying on air long enough for her radio location to be pinpointed by a German detector van. German troops burst into her billet and begin to search.

In episode 4, Matty prepares to face the German raid, while Liz connects with her friend Claudine (Shelagh McLeod), whose chateau home has been taken over by the Germans, headed by Colonel Krieger (Clarke). Claudine is running a makeshift library and making herself as pleasant as she can to Krieger. Liz arrives while Claudine is entertaining the Colonel but they manage to stage a reasonably convincing impromptu reunion in front of him; Claudine eventually agrees to help Liz, who gets acclimatised to her new life as a courier. Liz and Kit bond over their respective recent bereavements (Kit's wife and children have been killed in the Blitz). Meanwhile, Colin is spying successfully at the docks and Matty is called in for routine questioning by the Germans. She apparently puts on a convincing display for Krieger but after she has gone he gives orders for her to be watched.

By Episode 5, the strain of being behind enemy lines is starting to tell. Cad is informed of a British operation planned for Brague which his operatives will be expected to support. Colin is exhausted. Liz has to flee from a German spot-check; she and Kit grow closer. Matty, bored and frustrated, recklessly dyes her hair a conspicuous red. When Liz is taken ill Claudine takes her place passing information to Matty. Cad plans for Liz to go back to London to brief in person, as Matty's transmissions are troubled by poor reception. Kit orders Matty to ask Cad to send a replacement for Liz so Liz need not come back to France, and later confesses to Liz it is because he has fallen for her. Claudine pumps Krieger's mistress, Therese, for information and discovers that Krieger has found out about the plane coming to get Liz - his men will be waiting. She rushes to Matty who transmits it in the nick of time for Cad to cancel the operation so Liz is not caught. However Krieger realises that it must have been Claudine who passed the information to the British and offers her a deal: either she turns double agent or he will hand her over to the Gestapo.

Episode 6 sees Liz arrive back safely in London after a rescheduled pick-up to find that her husband, Laurence (Le Vaillant), is also due home at any minute. Cad offers her a job in London since she will not be going back to France and asks her to brief Nigel Piggott, codename Alain, the sabotage expert who is to replace her in Area 3. Matty's mother (who appears to be suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder) realises Matty is in France when Liz visits her, bringing a gift of French perfume from Matty. Liz and Laurence's reunion proves to be rather stilted; back home in Devon, Liz puts an injured rabbit out of its misery by killing it with a rock, prompting Laurence to question what her war work is. He is aghast when she tells him the truth. Unknown to the remaining team in France, Claudine has yielded to Krieger's threats and in return for a promise of safety for herself and Liz, gives information about Matty, including drawing a sketch of her, which Krieger immediately recognises as the district nurse. Colin and Matty jump into bed together as a ruse when the Germans raid just after Matty has been transmitting, and end up sleeping together for real. The following morning, the Germans come back, having recognised Matty from Claudine's sketch. Matty puts up a spirited fight but is captured.

In Episode 7, Matty is imprisoned and brought before Krieger for interrogation. Krieger knows about her codename, role, and even about Cad. Matty refuses to cooperate, avoiding Krieger's attempts to trap her into giving information about the other agents. However, she can't resist gloating that Celeste is safe in England, belying Claudine's continued attempts to convince Krieger that Liz is innocent. Krieger forces Claudine to collect messages by threatening to reveal her betrayal of Matty to the resistance (who would kill her) and puts one of his men to undertake Matty's transmissions. Lois, receiving the messages, attempts to convince her superiors that it is not Matty's 'touch' but her warning is ignored. Eventually she persuades Cad to attempt a trap which turns out to be inconclusive. He decides he has to send an agent in to find out if their arrangements are still secure before the planned operation. Liz, whose marriage has become strained because Laurence cannot handle the fact that his wife's war work has been more active than his own, agrees to go back to France, much to the horror of both Faith and Laurence. She has a passionate reunion with Kit, who has just found out via Claudine that Matty is in German hands. Matty is taken from her cell by the Gestapo.

Episode 8 opens with scenes of Matty being tortured. Krieger intervenes, knowing that he can only save his own career by getting Matty's confession himself. Later, Krieger's commanding officer makes it clear that Krieger must deliver from Matty the name of the leading British agent in the area... or else. Liz arrives back at Claudine's and quickly realises Claudine betrayed Matty. Kit gets a message to London to confirm Matty's capture, and plans to break Matty out of Gestapo headquarters, with the help of Maurice and the resistance. Claudine agrees to try to distract Krieger while the rescue is taking place. However, Cad has realised there could be more to be gained by feeding the Germans false information - but the price of that is leaving Matty imprisoned. Matty's mother, convinced that Matty has been captured, commits suicide. Faith is forced to admit to Matty's grandfather that Matty is a prisoner. Kit, Liz, Colin and Nigel finalise their rescue plan but at the last moment orders come from London that they must not attempt rescue. Kit decides to go ahead anyway. Kit and Liz admit their feelings for each other while Colin and Nigel break into Matty's cell. Colin gets Matty out but Nigel is killed as they escape. In the aftermath, Krieger arrests Claudine - but is then himself led away in handcuffs for his own failure. Cad is castigated by his superiors. The series ends with Matty's arrival home to the delight of her grandfather, while Liz heads back to Devon.

Series 2
Series 2 opens in Autumn 1943 with the execution by firing squad of three members of 'The Outfit' in South-Western France. Liz is now working alongside Cad and Faith in London, and has the task of contacting the bereaved relatives, including John Ashton's widow, Vivien (Farleigh), while Faith interviews potential young recruit Emily Whitbread (Snowden). Cad receives direct approval from the Prime Minister for the work they are doing, and also gets a visit from Vivien, offering to volunteer herself. Colin has been on a leaders' course, and is to be sent out to head up Area 7. Kit Vanston, for whom Liz clearly still has feelings, is being brought home. Liz helps train the new recruits, but admits to Faith that since hearing Matty has gone back into the field, she is missing being in France herself. Vivien (codename Solange) and Emily (codename Zoe) pass their training and prepare to leave for France with Colin. Emily sleeps with her boyfriend as a final fling. Kit arrives back, after more than a year leading Area 3, and is met by Liz.

In Episode 2, Colin, Vivien and Emily parachute into Area 7, and are met by brusque Outfit agent Gordon, codename Gaspard (McGugan) and local resistance leader Josef (William Simons), but Colin fractures his ankle in the drop. Emily quickly settles into her billet, posing as a relative of widowed shopkeeper Marie Ferrier (Gillian Raine), whose son Luc (Anstee) has just gone off to join the Maquis, and her father, Leon (John Boswell). Their neighbour Annette (Carmel McSharry) is revealed to be short of money and seems suspicious of Emily. Vivien's cover is as nanny to her wealthy friend Juliet (Bobbie Brown), who lives in a nearby chateau. Liz and Kit's relationship blooms when she helps him settle back home. He updates her on the news from Area 3: Maurice was captured and tortured to death by the Gestapo after she left. Liz's mother guesses Liz is having an affair and warns her not to risk her marriage; Liz tries to break it off with Kit who asks her to marry him. She refuses. Meanwhile, in France, Emily fears she is pregnant, Vivien seems to have a hidden agenda, and Colin rouses the suspicions of a young milice officer. He later finds her searching his rooms and has to shoot her.

Colin is in shock at the beginning of Episode 3. Vivien and Gordon hastily get rid of the milicienne's body. Emily's pregnancy is confirmed, much to Cad's fury, but she decides to have an abortion so as to continue her work. Vivien's secret is revealed: 19 years ago she had a baby in France and released her for adoption; she seeks the help of a priest in trying to trace her - but he appears to be a collaborator. Colin is having a breakdown - much to the contempt of Gordon, who takes temporary charge - and Cad and Faith worry about who can be sent to replace him. Returning home unexpectedly one night, Liz finds Laurence in bed with another woman. He blames her for being a bad wife and mother, which Liz takes to heart, despite her anger that she gave Kit up needlessly to save her marriage; she agrees to Laurence's demand for a divorce and custody of Vicky and volunteers to lead Area 7 herself. Faith summons Kit to talk Liz out of it, but Kit's chauvinist attitude enrages Liz - they row and part on bad terms. Colin escapes to Spain on foot as Liz (with a new codename of Collette) sets off for France.

Episode 4 see Liz arrive in Area 7 where she immediately sets about tightening security. She briefs Gordon that they must disable a U-boat transmitter; they have a resistance contact, Jeanne, working at the base, who arranges for Vivien, under a new identity, to work there as well. Vivien hears from the priest with news of her daughter, Yvette, and disobeys orders to go to Toulouse in search of her. She meets Yvette's adoptive mother but Yvette left home some time ago. Gordon confides his distrust of Vivien to Liz, who finds out about her unauthorised absence and other lapses of security, and takes her to task. Colin has finally got back to England. Cad and Faith visit him in hospital, and then go on to meet their new liaison with the Free French Forces, Paul Daubert. Liz and Gordon finalise their plans to attack the transmitter base unaware that they are walking into a trap: Jeanne has been caught out by the Germans and revealed the raid plans to Sturmbannführer Voller (Donald Gee) of the SD (Sicherheitsdienst) to protect her son. In the resulting shoot-out, Jeanne shouts a last-minute warning and is killed, and Gordon is shot. Liz and Vivien get him out. Josef saves Emily.

Episode 5 reveals the aftermath of the failed raid: Vivien and Liz rush the critically injured Gordon to Marie's for makeshift surgery by a doctor friend of Leon's; Annette's suspicions increase; Liz worries who could have betrayed them while showing her increased mettle as leader. The Germans find Emily's transmitter in a barn, and Liz decides she must move to a new safe house, to the dismay of Marie and Leon who have become very attached to her. Vivien finally gets an address for Yvette (Trevyn McDowell) and goes to visit her without revealing who she is; they get on well, but Vivien is shocked to meet Yvette's boyfriend: a German Wehrmacht lieutenant. Cad gets a visit from his son, about to leave on active service, and then agrees with Paul Daubert that they must send an overall co-ordinator to France. Kit accepts the job with enthusiasm; he has admitted to Colin his frustration at being inactive. First, however, Cad wants Kit to go to Area 7 to help Liz destroy a vital factory, but warns him not to let his feelings for Liz cloud his judgment. Gordon recovers sufficiently to be sent home - hidden in a coffin. Emily lingers too long at Marie's while Leon tries to fix her radio; the Germans raid. Emily escapes but Leon is killed and Marie arrested. She is brought before Voller and faces torture, as Emily and Liz meet to regroup.

By Episode 6, the situation is perilous. Liz gets a message to London via Area 6. Vivien lunches with Yvette - and finds herself socialising with Voller. Emily, now radio-less, and in a new identity, witnesses a badly beaten Marie being forced on a transporter train. She finds Luc in his hideaway to break the news, and also discovers the informer was Annette. Haunted by the sacrifice Marie and Leon have made for her she asks to carry out the reprisal execution of Annette, but finds someone has beaten her to it. Josef tells Liz Vivien has been seen dining out with German officers; Liz orders Emily to message London to request Vivien's immediate removal but unknown to her, Vivien reads the message. Colin has recovered, and Cad tells him Gordon is safe and Liz is doing well. Cad's son is killed in action, and he is grief-stricken; Faith has to take the decision to recall Vivien. Kit arrives in Area 7. Initially shocked, Liz is relieved to have back-up she can trust but is determined to keep things professional; she has become a clear-sighted and capable leader, somewhat to Kit's dismay. Meanwhile, Vivien's continued recklessness catches up with her: Voller has recognised her from a photograph of when she worked at the transmitter base. Vivien confesses to Yvette that she is her mother; Yvette angrily rejects her. As she storms out, Voller and his men arrest them both.

The series climax sees Liz, Kit, Emily and Josef finalising their plans to bomb the factory unaware that Vivien is being questioned by Voller, and about to be handed over to the Gestapo. A German officer, while arranging the necessary transport with a local man, Felix, reveals Vivien is to be sent by car to Bordeaux - but Felix turns out to be part of the resistance. Luc gets his message and rushes to warn Liz that Vivien has been arrested. Liz immediately decides they must ambush the car, and demands a plane from London to get Vivien and Yvette out. Cad organises the plane, but it can only take one person. Liz and Kit break into the factory and set up a booby trap with a grenade. The factory is spectacularly destroyed and they all escape. Now they must rescue Vivien. During the ambush of the car, Voller accidentally kills Yvette when Vivien lunges at him, and is himself killed by Luc. With only seconds to get away, Vivien hysterically refuses to leave Yvette's body. Vivien is risking all their lives; Liz warns her she will shoot her if she has to - and then does. Kit persuades a shaken Liz to take the available place on the plane since the Area 7 unit is finished. Emily prepares to go with Luc into the mountains. Liz and Kit say their goodbyes and Liz flies away.

Series 3
The third and final series is based on the actions of the Maquis du Vercors and the events in Vassieux-en-Vercors, though the locations used are given fictional names, such as the village being named Couermont and the plateau "Le Crest".

Jane Snowden, Michael J Jackson, Jane Asher, Stuart McGugan and Mark Anstee all reprise their roles, with agents "Dominique" (Catherine Schell) and "Antoine" (Jeremy Nicholas) joining the cast. The series focuses on the build-up to a planned uprising by the resistance in Le Crest, led to by Renard (Trevor Peacock), with the belief that supplies will soon arrive from Great Britain. However Nicole (Felicity Montagu), a woman who had befriended Emily in the opening moments of the series is feeding all this information to the Nazis and General Stuckler (Terrence Hardiman) orders the resistance to be quashed and troops are parachuted in, leading to a bloody finale. Other notables appearances in this series are Shirley Henderson who plays a young Jewish girl named Sylvie and Glyn Grain who plays Bonnard, the estranged husband of Dominique.

DVD releases
The complete series of Wish Me Luck is available on DVD in both the UK and USA.

title: Wish Me Luck


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Kelmscott, Western Australia

Kelmscott is a southeastern suburb of Perth, Western Australian within the local government area of the City of Armadale. It is 23 km southeast of Perth along the Albany Highway.

Kelmscott was one of four initial townsites established in the Swan River Colony. It was named after Kelmscott, Oxfordshire, the birthplace of the first Anglican clergyman in the colony, Thomas Hobbes Scott (1783–1860).

The suburb of Kelmscott is bisected by the Canning River. On the western side of the river is the flat coastal plain upon which most of Perth is situated. This area includes the Stargate Kelmscott and Kelmscott Village shopping areas along Albany Highway, the light industrial area, the Kelmscott Senior High School and a residential area. To the east, the suburb rises into the western Darling Scarp.

Kelmscott celebrated its 175th anniversary on 9 October 2005.

Kelmscott is home of the first Red Rooster restaurant.

Pre-colonial history
Before European settlement, Kelmscott and the wider area was inhabited by the Whadjuk Noongars people, an Aboriginal ethnic group. During this time, Kelmscott was called by the Whadjuks as "Goolamrup".

Colonial period
In November 1929, the Governor of the newly established Swan River Colony, James Stirling, led an expedition to choose a site of a new town along the Canning river. Kelmscott was then founded on 6 July 1830, and was named after Kelmscott, Oxfordshire, the birthplace of first Anglican clergyman in the colony Thomas Hobbes Scott. The first building constructed in the new town was a soldier's barracks, which survived until the 1930s. The first land grants given out were to Charles Wright and John Adam, who left in 1933 and 1931 respectively. Two streams in Kelmscott, Wright's Stream and Adam's Stream, were named after them. In addition, a lake was named after Charles Wright.

1830, John Atkinson was appointed to survey Kelmscott and drew up the first plan.

In its early history, Kelmscott served as a pitstop along a track which ran from Perth to Albany. In 1836, a new track called King George's Sound Road was built from Kelmscott to Albany. The road later became Albany road, before eventually becoming Albany highway.

In September 1831, Theophilus Ellis was appointed the government resident at Kelmscott. Ellis served as a captain in 14th Regiment of Light Dragoons during the Peninsular and Napoleonic wars. In December, he attempted to raise a unit of the Yeomanry Cavalry for the area, but was dismissed by Stirling. Another soldier tried again in May 1833 but was again dismissed. Ellis went on to die in the Pinjarra massacre and was the first police officer appointed in WA.

In 1856, Henry Gibb and Thomas Saw established an inn (modern Narrogin Inn) which holds one of WA's oldest liquor trading licences. In 1894, the Kelmscott Roads Board was separated from the Canning Roads Board.

Modern history
In 1972, Greek migrant Peter Kailis established the first Red Rooster restaurant along with nine partners. Kailis then managed to buy out the other nine to become the sole owner.

On 9 October 2005, Kelmscott celebrated its 175th anniversary. The highlight of the celebrations was the running of the Hotham Valley Railway steam locomotive Pm706 from Perth railway station to Kelmscott station, with stops at Cannington, Gosnells, then Armadale station. This was the first running of steam "under the wires" on the Transperth network for some time. The event was specially arranged by the Public Transport Authority, whose Minister is also the member of parliament for the local electorate.

2011 bushfire
On 6 February 2011, a declared total fire ban day, Robert James Stevens, 56, an ex-policeman, was using an angle grinder at his home and started the fire on his private property adjacent to the Brookton Highway in the Roleystone / Kelmscott area. A total of 72 homes were destroyed and 37 homes damaged. This is the single biggest house loss in Western Australia to a single bushfire event. Remarkably, 28 per cent of residents in Kelmscott and Roleystone left their homes only just in time and were not alerted.

Stevens was charged under the Bushfire Act with one count of carrying out an activity in the open air that causes or is likely to cause a fire, and pleaded not guilty. Due to a legal technicality associated with complexities in how the total fire ban was declared, charges were dropped, and Stevens was then awarded $4250 to cover his legal costs. His home was saved by firefighters.

Some Kelmscott residents managed to return to their homes in the fire zone, as described by Premier Colin Barnett, and could be seen on their balconies giving hope to fellow residents that their properties were safe.

Education

 * Kelmscott Primary School (1882) - one of the first primary schools established in Western Australia.
 * Kelmscott Senior High School (1973) years 7–12.
 * Clifton Hills Primary School (1972)
 * Sowilo Community High School (2000) - independent school for young people at educational risk

Annual events

 * The Kelmscott Show, run by the Kelmscott Agricultural Society, has been held annually since 1897 (with the exception of the years 1930-1938 and 2020 due to the Coronavirus Pandemic).

Transportation
Kelmscott contains two major highways:

 * Albany Highway (State Route 30) – south to Pinjarra and Bunbury.
 * Brookton Highway (State Route 40) - east to Brookton.

The Albany highway stretches from Gosnells in the north to Armadale in the south and divides Kelmscott into two. At the southern boundary is located an intersection between the Albany and Brookton highways. The 2011 bushfire destroyed Buckingham Bridge of the Brookton highway in Kelmscott. A replacement was opened in 2013. As part of Metronet, level crossings over the Armadale Line in Kelmscott were closed and turned into underpasses.

Opened in 1893, the Kelmscott railway station is located in Kelmscott's CBD as part of the Armadale line.

Bus

 * 219 Kelmscott Station to Armadale Station – serves Davis Road and Albany Highway
 * 220 Armadale Station to Perth Busport – serves Albany Highway
 * 221 Armadale Station to Perth Busport – serves Albany Highway
 * 240 Kelmscott Station to Kelmscott Station – Circular Route, serves Davis Road, Albany Highway, Gilwell Avenue, Martin Street, Merilee Terrace, Morundah Place, Taronga Drive, Turner Road, Brookside Avenue, Blackburne Drive, Connell Avenue and Lucich Street
 * 241 Kelmscott Station to Kelmscott Station – Circular Route, serves Davis Road, Albany Highway and Brookton Highway
 * 243 Kelmscott Station to Armadale Station – serves Third Avenue, Cammillo Road, Westfield Road and Champion Drive
 * 244 Kelmscott Station to Armadale Station – serves Third Avenue and Champion Drive
 * 245 Kelmscott Station to Armadale Station – serves Westfield Road
 * 907 Armadale Station to Perth Busport (high frequency / limited stops) – serves Railway Avenue, Challis Station and Kelmscott Station

Rail

 * Armadale Line
 * Kelmscott Station
 * Challis Station

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Kelmscott, Western Australia


text: Category:Zygaenidae

title: Category:Zygaenidae


text:
Talk:Viscount Chetwynd

10th Viscount has twin sons - can't find out who is the elder

title: Talk:Viscount Chetwynd


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Kristján Örn Sigurðsson

Kristján Örn Sigurðsson (often spelled Sigurdsson; born 7 October 1980 in Akureyri) is an Icelandic footballer who is a player-assistant manager for Þór.

Club career
He started his career at his local club ÍF Völsungur Húsavik, and moved to Stoke City in England as a teenager. Failing to grab a place on the first team, he returned to Iceland to play for KR. After the 2004 season he moved to SK Brann in Bergen, Norway where he plays as a defender. He showed acceptable defensive skills, but clear weaknesses in his passing game and general offensive play from his right back position. Before the 2006 season, Kristján was moved into the central defence, after both Ragnvald Soma and Paul Scharner were sold after the 2005 season.

Kristján showed that he is a supreme centre back with his great speed - he was tested to be the fastest Brann player on 40 metres relay before the 2006 season. He is also considered to have great strength in the air, even though he is shorter than most players who play in his position. Some commentators have compared Kristján's style of play to that of Argentine centre back Roberto Ayala, although both players differ greatly in quality. Kristján and his teammate Ólafur Örn Bjarnason started the season excellently and were nicknamed Ørneredet which means Eagle's nest (both players have Örn as their middle name, and Örn/Ørn is the Norwegian and Icelandic word for eagle). After several years in Bergen including the 2007 season which ended at the top position in the Norwegian Premier League, his contract with Brann ended after the 2009 season.

Kristján retired after 2014 season. However, he came out of his retirement in 2017 after his brother, Lárus Sigurðsson, took over as manager of Þór.

International career
Kristján made his debut for Iceland in 2003 and went on to earn 53 caps. On 9 February 2012 he announced his retirement from international football.

Club
Source:

International
Source:

Norway

 * Norwegian Premier League: 2007

Iceland

 * Icelandic Premier League: 2003

title: Kristján Örn Sigurðsson


text:
Afrology

Afrology is a scientific study of the organization of the contemporary social structures of Africa. It places in the heart of African social change the notion of identity.

Afrology is a way of thinking about the various forms of social, institutional and personal identification. It posits that each individual, though determined by mental and psychological structures, reconstructs himself within the framework of specific or general broad collective identities, of which the modern State is an example.

This identity remains to be created in Africa. The problem arising in contemporary Africa is that of the reality of the State, federator of the institutions of socialization like the family, the village and the market, is for the most part unrealized. The collective identity, its delimitations, and its instrumentalization by politics consequently constitute the major axes of the comprehension of African society.

Afrology Think Tank
The objective of Afrology Think Tank is to share a vision of the current socio-economic topicality with various actors, writers, economists, lawyers, data processing specialists, accountants and others. It also tries to collect information on the Internet and make some randomly selected texts available to readers. The goal of Afrology is to create a true space for reflection and debates on the African continent.

Afrology and Africology
Following the Black studies movement and Africana studies movement, Molefi Kete Asante identifies the Africological movement as a subsequent academic movement. Asante authored the book, Afrocentricity, in 1980. Within the book, Asante used the term, "Afrology," as the name for the interdisciplinary field of Black studies and defined it as "the Afrocentric study of African phenomena." Later, Winston Van Horne changed Asante's use of the term "Afrology" to "Africology." Asante then went on to use his earlier definition for "Afrology" as the definition for his newly adopted term, "Africology." Systematic Africology, which is a research method in the field of Black studies that was developed by Asante, utilizes the theory of Afrocentricity to analyze and evaluate African phenomena.

title: Afrology


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User:Antoinou2958~enwiki/monobook.css

@import url(http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Utilisateur:Antoinou2958/monobook.css&action=raw&ctype=text/css

title: User:Antoinou2958~enwiki/monobook.css


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ham and cheese sandwich

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was keep. the wub  "?/!"  14:53, 6 September 2005 (UTC)

Ham and cheese sandwich
Just read it
 * You know, I would not have thought that an article on a ham and cheese sandwich could have been encyclopedic, but this is actually pretty darn good. It's not a recipe, it's a full description, and it relates it to other types of food.  Call me crazy, but for now I say keep.  Nandesuka 11:47, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. We have articles on Monte Cristo sandwich and Croque monsieur (both properly linked from this one), so what's wrong with this article? --Russ Blau (talk) 11:54, August 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * It is indeed a good article. More there than a recipe. Get it to WP:FAC! Keep. Proto t c 12:08, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * keep This article is a good description of a ham and cheese sandwich. Something has to distinguish wikipedia from standard boring encyclopedias and to me this is it. It's also worth noting that while the big events of the day are recorded everywhere, the minutiae of everyday life aren't, and it's the minutiae of everyday life that can prove the most interesting to people in the future.
 * Keep - I look forward to a history section, anyone feel like doing some research on the background of the HCS? Usrnme h8er 12:45, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Never realized the humble ham and cheese had such a storied history. Live and learn, eh? I suppose we could cross-reference with the Earl of Sandwich...or see which historical figures were partial to, say, peanut butter....The_Iconoclast 22:48, 4 September 2005 (UTC)
 * keep DV8 2XL 12:46, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * keep per Nandesuka. --Apyule 13:27, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Obvious Keep CalJW 13:35, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep if such an enormous staple of a huge portion of the world's childhood isn't notable then we should also delete oxygen HoratioVitero 15:19, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Wow, look at all the stuff in Category:Sandwiches! This is why I love Wikipedia! the wub  "?/!"  15:22, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. maybe somebody can research monte cristo, which i think also has powdered sugar and dipping syrup. SaltyPig 15:45, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * keep all sandwichcruft Roodog2k 16:22, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep — bread and butter article. — RJH 17:00, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * keep please this doesnot make any sense either Yuckfoo 17:31, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. This is a perfectly reasonable article, and, with some history, pictures, and references, could eventually be expanded to a FAC. - A Man In Black (Talk | Contribs) 19:39, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Perfectly reasonable article. Not just a recipe. Culturally significant food in the United States. Dpbsmith (talk) 20:17, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep per everyone, but esp. Nandesuka. --Blackcap | talk 21:29, August 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Just because it's a sandwich, that doesn't make it any less notable than the various other foods out there.  It's a very common food -- a staple, even.  Fight anti-sandwich bias (wichism?) on Wikipedia! :)  Beginning 21:37, August 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * Agreed! I'm going to go make User:A Man In Black/Sandwichwatch right now to combat this destructive trend! - A Man In Black (Talk | Contribs) 21:55, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. This article has FAC potential. Cmadler 15:17, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Cheesus Christ Keep. —RaD Man (talk) 07:03, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * No, no, it was the Virgin Mary and it was a toasted cheese sandwich. Dpbsmith (talk) 12:34, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * And cut. That was really good Mr. Trump.  Except this time instead of Dominio's, maybe say Domino's, you know, like the game.  —RaD Man (talk) 20:06, 3 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I visited this with a view to scheduling it for delete, and have to say it is a very good article indeed. Sjc 07:03, 3 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. This article ought to be nominated as one of wikipedia's best as well as be scheduled as a feature article in the future.--Nicodemus75 11:06, 3 September 2005 (UTC)
 * In all seriousness, if this had an image or two and was expanded a bit more, I would have to agree. —RaD Man (talk) 20:10, 3 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I wasn't joking. --Nicodemus75 21:08, 3 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I just read it. Factitious 12:26, September 5, 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Weavers Green

Weavers Green is a British television soap opera, made in 1966 for ITV by Anglia Television. It was created based on an idea by Dick Joice. It was the first rural soap opera.

The series was a bi-weekly diary revolving around two veterinary surgeons played by Grant Taylor and Megs Jenkins. It dealt with life in a small country town and provided an early TV role for Kate O'Mara as a student vet, a far cry from her later TV roles.

50 half hour episodes were produced. The first 30 were written by Peter Lambda and his wife Betty Paul who were succeeded by brothers Troy and Ian Kennedy Martin. Its budget was £500,000. The first national broadcast was on 7 April 1966 although was transmitted at different times in different regions.

The village of Heydon, north of Reepham, Norfolk was used for the main outside filming, and County School railway station was also used for some scenes. It was notable for being one of the first television programmes to be shot on location using videotape and outside broadcast equipment, rather than film, as had usually been the case for non-studio shooting until this point.

Additional cast: Eric Flynn, Georgina Ward, Richard Coleman, Susan Field, Vanessa Forsyth, John Glyn-Jones, Maurice Kaufmann, Marjie Lawrence, John Moulder Brown, Pat Nye, Wendy Richard, Gerald Young, Brian Cant, Edward Underdown, Susan George.

Unlike many ITV series of the 1960s, the series survives intact in the archives except for the untransmitted pilots.

title: Weavers Green


title: User:Antoinou2958~enwiki/Monobook.css


text:
RSA Insurance Group

RSA Insurance Group Limited (trading as RSA, formerly RSA Insurance Group plc and Royal and Sun Alliance) is a British multinational general insurance company headquartered in London, England. RSA has major operations in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Scandinavia & Canada. It provides insurance products and services in more than 100 countries through a network of local partners. It has 9 million customers. RSA was formed by the merger of Sun Alliance and Royal Insurance in 1996.

RSA was listed on the London Stock Exchange until it was acquired by Danish insurer Tryg and Canada's Intact Financial Corporation in May 2021. The transaction closed on 1 June 2021.

History
RSA was formed by the merger of Sun Alliance and Royal Insurance in 1996.

On 4 February 2014, it was announced that Stephen Hester, former CEO of RBS Group would become CEO of RSA with immediate effect.

In 2014/15 Hester led a major restructuring of RSA to bolster its finances. Many non-core overseas operations were sold, disposals almost halving the size of the group, with the aim of aligning its strategic focus with its core markets.

In September 2015, RSA divested all its Latin American insurance operations to the Colombian insurance company Grupo Sura for £403 Million.

In November 2020, the company received a £7.2 billion offer from Danish insurer Tryg and Canada's Intact Financial Corporation. This deal is considered one of the biggest takeover bids in Europe in 2020. The transaction closed on 1 June 2021; under the deal, Intact acquired the main international RSA entity as well as its businesses in Canada and the UK, while Tryg took control of RSA's units in Sweden and Norway. Intact and Tryg initially took joint control of RSA's Danish subsidiary Codan Denmark, but shortly thereafter announced plans to sell it to Alm. Brand, which was completed on 2 May 2022.

On 23 July 2021, it was announced that the Motability scheme would be leaving the company and migrating to Direct Line Group with them taking over from 1 September 2023.

On 4 April 2022, Tryg and Intact Financial announced the sale of 50% of its stake holding in its Middle East subsidiary RSA Middle East to National Life & General. This was then followed up with the remaining 50% being sold and becoming a fully fledged subsidiary to National Life & General on 15 July 2022.

On 28 March 2023, Intact Financial announced that RSA would leave the UK personal lines motor market with their More Than customers being introduced to Swinton Insurance a brand of Atlanta Insurance Intermediaries and part of Ardonagh retail.

On 7 September 2023, it was announced that RSA had agreed a deal to acquire NIG (insurance company) and Farmweb in £520 million deal from Direct Line Group while at the same time announcing they are considering the next steps for the remaining part of the Personal lines business, including a potential sale.

Operations
RSA operates in 28 countries and provides insurance products and services in more than 140 through a global network of local partners. It has over 20 million customers around the world.

RSA owns the More Than direct home and pet insurance brand in the United Kingdom, recognised widely for its former Lucky The Dog advertisements and its "MORE IS ..." campaign. RSA also owns the Johnson brand in Canada, 123+ brand in Ireland, Trygg-Hansa brand in Sweden and Insurance Corporation brands in the UK.

Controversies
Three former RSA Insurance Ireland staff have been fined a combined £182,000 (€206,090) under sanctions tied to an investigation by a UK accounting watchdog into financial irregularities at the firm in 2012.

Asbestos liabilities
In January 2002 Royal & Sun Alliance became involved in litigation over claims for injury arising from asbestosis among workers in Clyde shipyards. The workers alleged that between 1972 and 1977 RSA had issued insurance certificates to asbestos manufacturer Turner & Newall but excluded cover for asbestosis, in breach of the Employers' Liability (Compulsory Insurance) Act 1969. RSA responded that asbestos-related injury was excluded from the policy because it was a risk the company was not willing to underwrite, that Turner & Newall was instead self-insured against asbestosis and should therefore be responsible for any compensation.

In February 2002 RSA set aside £384 million to double its reserves available for asbestos claims which, combined with claims of £215 million arising from the 11 September attacks, wiped out its 2001 profits. RSA put up seven of its subsidiaries for sale in an attempt to raise a further £800 million to cover liabilities for asbestos insurance claims in the United States. Friends Ivory & Sime subsequently acquired RSA's UK asset management subsidiary in May 2002 for £240 million. The situation was further compounded by RSA having to reserve £1.2 billion against liabilities for guaranteed annuities, the product which caused the collapse of Equitable Life, and was also facing a fine from the Financial Services Authority for failure to meet the deadline in the pension mis-selling review. Two months later Friends Provident acquired RSA's offshore life unit International Financial Services Limited, based on the Isle of Man, for £133 million. In July 2002 RSA sold its group risk business to Canada Life for £60 million. RSA was forced to close its life business, with the loss of 1,200 jobs, in August 2002.

In November 2002 Turner & Newall launched a suit against RSA on behalf of former employees who had suffered asbestos-related disease, claiming that the insurer was liable because it provided employer liability policies to the engineering firm. In an effort to reduce costs, RSA chairman Sir Patrick Gillam said it would sell its US business RSUI and "float most of its Asia Pacific operations", bringing total job losses in the UK to 4000. The case was heard at the High Court of Justice in January 2003. RSA argued that a policy clause which excluded cover for pneumoconiosis also excluded other asbestos-related disease such as asbestosis and peritoneal mesothelioma. Colin Edelman QC, representing T&N, told Mr Justice Lawrence Collins that the defence which RSA had the "temerity" to put forward was "just ridiculous" and that the insurer was trying to "wriggle out of its liability". On 9 May 2003 the court ruled that RSA was liable for the compensation claims. In September 2003 RSA cut 1,000 jobs in the UK and asked shareholders for £960 million to cover further asbestos claims.

Inflated repair costs
In September 2011, Judge Platt of the Romford County Court in his judgement attacked the method in which RSA recovered their costs by putting a subsidiary within the motor claims process to inflate profits. Several insurers are now refusing to pay RSA's requests for payment without sight of the original invoice. On 15 June 2012, RSA Insurance was successful in a High Court ruling; the company said the ruling meant "its practices have been deemed legal and its stance vindicated". Within hours, Allianz Insurance lodged an appeal against RSA. Since then RSA has started to make bilateral agreements, the first announced on 29 June 2012 with Cooperative Insurance.

Hillsborough disaster
A fatal event at an English FA Cup match, widely known as the Hillsborough disaster, implicated RSA. A human crush resulted in 97 fatalities and 766 injured persons. The Royal Sun Alliance Insurance Company (which, as Sun Alliance, was the insurer for Sheffield Wednesday Football Club in 1989) refused to waive its entitlement to privilege, thus denying the Hillsborough Independent Panel access to its material. Strenuous efforts were made to persuade the company to allow the Panel confidential access to the material, but it maintained its refusal. RSA were entitled to do this as they are under no obligation to release information relating to the amount of compensation paid out to victims and families; in any case the release of that information would not have affected the result on who was to blame for the Hillsborough disaster.

title: RSA Insurance Group


text:
ETECSA

Empresa de Telecomunicaciones de Cuba S.A. (Telecommunications Company of Cuba; ETECSA) is the Cuban state company that provides telephony and communications services in Cuba. It is the sole lawful provider of telephony and telecommunications permitted by the Cuban penal code, constituting a communications state monopoly that has 8 million clients, both national and foreign.

History
Before the emergence of Shyampa, there were 14 comprehensive communications companies on the island that covered the specialties of telephony, radio, mail and press, as well as other specialized national entities. In this category were the companies of Projects, Construction and Assembly, Coaxial Cable, EMTELCUBA and Long Distance.

In 1993, the constitution of ETECSA as a state and commercial entity was authorized. It was officially created on June 28, 1994 as a commercial company with mixed capital between the Cuban State through the company Telefónica Antillana S.A. (51%) and the Mexican company CITEL (49%). and in 1994 it was granted the administrative concession for the provision and commercialization of public telecommunications services.

The merger process lasted from the beginning of 1994 to February 1995, when ETECSA hired all its workers.

In April 1995 CITEL sold 25% of its shares to the Italian STET, which subsequently bought more shares in the Mexican company. Subsequently, the remaining CITEL shares were sold to other Cuban companies.

Since then, the institution has undergone periods of technological change, structure, management systems, strategic orientation and the development of new services.

On December 16, 2003, through Agreement 4996 of the Executive Committee of the Council of Ministers and Decree 275, the concession of ETECSA as a unified telecommunications operator in the country was extended, the merger of the mobile telephone companies Cubacel and C_COM Sus services which would become part of ETECSA. In the same decree law the following is stated:"'(...) The main purpose of the merger is to integrate in a single Mixed Company, all activities related to fixed and cellular telephony, as well as other telecommunications services in the country, to ensure the process of investigation, investment, production, provision of services and their commercialization in Cuba and abroad, including the purchase in the foreign market of technical assistance and supplies for production and services, as well as other activities that guarantee the normal functioning of the system and contribute to the national economy freely convertible currencies .. '"Since its founding, the company has gained in efficiency and commitment to its users. Its benefits have been diversified and the quality of the technological parameters has risen, managing to increase the number of lines installed and in service, the digitization index and support for the country's socio-economic development.

Also, based on a better organization of work and the multiple training actions that are carried out, its human resources have developed superior management.

On February 4, 2011, the Official Gazette of the Republic of Cuba announced that Cuba had acquired 100% of the shares of the company, which it controlled for the first time in its entirety since 1993. The shares were distributed as follows :

Telefónica Antillana SA: It owns 6,188 class A shares, equivalent to 51.006% of the capital stock.

Rafin SA: It owns 3,276 Class B shares, equivalent to 27.003% of the capital stock.

Universal Trade & Management corporation SA: It owns 1,345 Class B shares, equivalent to 11.086% of the capital stock.

Banco Internacional de Comercio SA: It owns 112 class B shares, equivalent to 0.923% of the capital stock.

Negocios en Telecomunicaciones SA: It owns 464 class B shares, equivalent to 3.825% of the capital stock.

Services
Among the services provided by ETECSA include basic telephone services (fixed telephony), alternative fixed telephony (TFA), internet, data transmission, fiber-optical, electronic payment through its platform Transfermovily wireless communication. The company provides services for the public, business and state sectors, as well as the millions of tourists and vacationers who travel to the Republic of Cuba.

Since June 4, 2013, Cubans residing on the island were allowed the facilities for public access to the Internet under the Nauta service in 118 centers throughout the country from navigation rooms and public parks. This service had a great impact on the population since until then service was only offered in balnearios, hotels and tourist centers. Juventud Rebelde, official newspaper of the Union de Jovenes Comunistas (UJC), announced that new Internet access services would gradually become available in other public spaces, such as cultural centers, libraries and museums. The cost of Internet access is 25.00 CUP for every 2 hours and 25 minutes in public areas with WiFi connection and in navigation rooms, for access to sites hosted on Cuban servers, in the case of accounts associated with the service.

In 2016, Nauta Hogar began, a major campaign to provide service to Cuban homes.

Internet can be accessed through wi-fi zones and navigation rooms, with the Nauta Hogar service, and recently through the 3G and 4G cellular network.

Structure of the commercial network
ETECSA's current sales channel, through which the company sells and markets telecommunications products, accessories and services, comprises the network of Telepoints, Minipoints, Multiservice Centers and Commercial Offices, within which points of sale can also coexist.

Commercial office.

Telecommunications Multi-service Center.

TelePointe.

Minipointe.

Repair shop.

Commercial office
The Commercial Office is the first and most important point of contact for ETECSA with users throughout the Cuban territory. In it, the services and products of the company are commercialized, the procedures related to the telephone service and its contractual relationships and comprehensive attention to the user and the population in general.

Services provided:

 * Contracting of basic telephone services, ISDN, telegraph and special lines
 * Contracting supplementary, value-added and special services.
 * Reception and processing of service requests.
 * Collection of the utility bill.
 * Attention to complaints and suggestions.
 * Consultations and commercial information.
 * Marketing of telecommunications products and accessories. (*)
 * Sale of prepaid phone cards.
 * Other direct care services, for example the recharge of prepaid phone cards.

(*) These services are not available in all the Commercial Offices of the country.

Multiservice Telecommunications Center
The Centro Multiservicios de Telecomunicaciones constitutes a way of presenting ETECSA in the market to offer public telecommunications services. It is a category of direct care center with an identity of its own.

They are located, fundamentally, in areas of high concentration of fixed and floating population.

 'Services provided:'

 * Sale of telecommunications products and accessories.
 * Sale of prepaid phone cards.
 * Sale of prepaid Internet access cards.  '(*)'
 * Hiring the caller ID service.
 * Internet access.  '(*)'
 * National and international calls.
 * Audioconference.  '(*)'
 * Quick collection of the telephone bill.
 * Telephony for the deaf and hard of hearing.  '(*)'
 * Fax transmission and reception
 * Photocopying and printing of documents.  '(*)'
 * Marketing of mobile phone services.  '(*)'

 '(*)'  These services are not available in all the multiservice telecommunications centers in the country.

Telepoint
The telepoint is ETECSA's most important presence in the market. It is a multiservice telecommunications center that offers the entire range of products and services of the company.

It is located in areas of high concentration of fixed and floating population in the provincial capitals, preferably in historical and commercial areas of the cities and, exceptionally, in places selected for their importance.

 'Services provided:'

 * Sale of telecommunications products and accessories.
 * Sale of prepaid phone cards and own card recharge.
 * Sale of prepaid Internet access cards.  '(*)'
 * Hiring the caller ID service.
 * Internet access.  '(*)'
 * Public phone booths for national and international calls.
 * Videoconference and audio-conference.
 * Quick collection of the telephone bill
 * Telephony for the deaf and hard of hearing.
 * Fax transmission and reception.
 * Photocopying and printing of documents.  '(*)'
 * Marketing of mobile phone services.

 '(*)'  These services are not available in all Telepoints in the country.

Minipoint
The Mini Points are ETECSA centers located in different parts of the cities for public telecommunications services.

There are two types of infrastructure: the well-known Caddy Phone and Mini-Points, which are a category of Direct Customer Service center with its own identity, and due to the area they occupy, they do not constitute a Telepunto or Multiservice Telecommunications Center.

The Minipoints are distributed throughout Cuba in areas of high concentration of fixed and floating population.

 'Services provided:'

 * Public phone booths for national and international calls.
 * Sale of prepaid phone cards.
 * Sale of prepaid Internet access cards.  '(*)'
 * Internet access.  '(*)'
 * Quick collection of the telephone bill.
 * Fax transmission and reception.  '(*)'
 * Sale of telecommunications products and accessories.  '(*)'
 * Telephony for the deaf and hard of hearing.  '(*)'

 '(*)'  These services are only in Minipoints selected based on their micro-location.

Repair shop
It is a modality of direct attention to clients to provide them with the after-sales service for the repair of fixed and mobile telephone terminal equipment marketed by ETECSA that do not have expired the warranty period, as well as the company's own equipment. Minor repairs are also made outside of the warranty period.

Controversies
On September 25, 2006, it was announced that the president of the company José Antonio Fernández, and the vice minister of Communications Nelson Ferrer, had been fired by the new minister Ramiro Valdés for negligence in controlling the company.

In March 2020, during the coronavirus pandemic; The company urged Cubans to make “reasonable” use of mobile data to avoid a collapse in the island's Internet network, which caused great outrage within a population that is already forced to pay its high prices for the service, without having any other option within Cuba.

title: ETECSA


text:
Wikipedia talk:Centralized discussion/Speedy category renaming

Abbreviations
Per the naming convention above (as well as consensus to prefer "United States" over "US" and "United Kingdom" over "UK" in this poll), I would like to propose as a speedy renaming criterion that any category name containing an abbreviation should be renamed to spell out the abbreviation. The obvious exception (by that naming convention, too) is if the term is almost exclusively known only by its acronym (e.g. laser, DJ). Radiant_ >|< 13:27, August 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * A good idea, and to me an obviously good naming rule, but that can become tricky as a speedy criteria. The problem may come from the exceptions gray area. Your DJ example sounds like one of those, to me it is not obviously better than Disk jockey, notice that we have an article on Disk jockey with DJ redirecting to it. And any speedy criteria should only state the (almost) obvious. Nabla 02:21:42, 2005-08-28 (UTC)
 * Yes, that is precisely why (below) it is suggested to give a waiting period for speedy candidates. The issue is not that the rename should be done immediately, but that it should be done without further discussion (to prevent people who like acronyms from rehashing the same arguments every time). Radiant_ >|< 14:29, August 29, 2005 (UTC)

 * This is already a guideline (see WP:CG). I think there are many exceptions (LGBT comes to mind), but we could certainly try it out for a while. -- Rick Block (talk) 14:21, August 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * Maybe creating a list of precedents would help to clarify. Speedy renames would be allowed (or not) for the ones listed there. Anything else would go through the normal process, during which it could be proposed to add the outcome of the discussion to the speedy list. Nabla 18:17:27, 2005-08-29 (UTC)
 * I think certainly the UK and US one's should be put through as speedies, with other abbreviations trialled. Hiding talk 21:04, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't support this. Some abbreviations are useful.  There should be debate on which to use, and speedies remove that. Superm401 | Talk 22:03, August 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * Example please? Radiant_ >|< 10:17, August 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * Off the top of my head, DRAM manufacturers(assuming such a category was useful). Superm401 | Talk 03:27, August 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * Depends on the abbreviation. US and UK in particular should be speediable.  -Sean Curtin 01:06, August 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * Withdrawn. Hiding's proposal for US/Uk is better. Radiant_ >|< 11:40, August 31, 2005 (UTC)

CFD?
For the record, if nothing else, I think it would be better to hold these discussions at Wikipedia talk:Categories for deletion. That's where renaming is handled; that's where people interested in the subject congregate. Maurreen (talk) 08:19, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * For future discussion, we'll keep that in mind. For the present one, please advertise it there (unless you're prepared to do a history merge and stuff like that). Radiant_ >|< 08:33, September 1, 2005 (UTC)


text:
Geoffrey Bolton

Geoffrey Curgenven Bolton (5 November 1931 – 3 September 2015) was an Australian historian, academic and writer.

Life
He attended Wesley College, Perth from 1943 to 1947. He published works on Australian history, authoring 13 books, his final being Land of Vision and Mirage: Western Australia since 1826.

His book, Daphne Street, published by Fremantle Press, describes his early surrounds, and is an attempt to write national history at the local level.

He was a frequent contributor to radio in Western Australia and did much to bring Western Australian history and socio-political development to life. But can it be that the original Federation parents that you had, the founding fathers, that they're all there in their portraits...most of them have got beards and most of them are wearing suits? They look like boring old farts and that's the reason why it's hard to sell the Federation story. ...We are writing books...which will prove that they're a very lively, interesting bunch. For a long time, that image has killed the idea of excitement, though.

Part of his career was spent setting up the Australian Studies Centre (now the Menzies Centre) at the University of London in the United Kingdom.

He was Chairperson of the Western Australian Maritime Museum's Archaeology Advisory Committee.

Bolton was a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society (London), Fellow of the Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia, Fellow of the Australian Academy of the Humanities, and Fellow of the Royal Western Australian Historical Society. He served as the Chancellor of Murdoch University from 2002 to 2006.

In 2008, he published a single-volume short history of Western Australia since the start of British settlement in 1826, covering the social, cultural, political and economic development of the most geographically isolated area in the world.

Bolton died on 4 September 2015, in Perth, at the age of 83. He was married to Carol Grattan and has two sons and five grandchildren.

Awards
Bolton was the recipient of several prestigious awards including his appointment as Officer of the Order of Australia (1984) in recognition of distinguished service to Australia for his services to education.

In 2001, Bolton received the Centenary of Federation prize at the New South Wales Premier's History Awards for Edmund Barton: The One Man for the Job, a biography of Australia's first Prime Minister. The one-off prize was intended to recognise a major work contributing to the understanding of Australian political, social and cultural issues during the Federation period. The biography was also shortlisted for the Colin Roderick Award (2000) and the National Biography Award (2001).

Since 2004, the State Records Office of Western Australia has hosted The Geoffrey Bolton Lecture series, acknowledging his service on various committees of the State Archive and his long period of use and promotion of archives. The aims of the Geoffrey Bolton Lecture are to encourage the expression of ideas and debate about the meaning and nature of history, culture and society, grounded in archival research; and to provide archival and historical context to national debate on contemporary issues.

In recognition of his major contribution to Australian history and the community, Bolton was named the Western Australia's 2006 Australian of the Year.

Memorials
There are a number of eponymous memorials to Bolton.

In 2014 a new street, central to the Elizabeth Quay waterfront development, then under construction, was named Geoffrey Bolton Avenue in acknowledgement of the contribution made by Bolton to conserve, record and teach the history of Western Australia.

At a dedication ceremony held on 21 February 2017, Murdoch University renamed its library The Geoffrey Bolton Library to recognise Bolton's long association with the University.

"We decided dedicating our Library in Geoffrey’s honour would be a fitting and lasting memorial. Our Library is considered to be the beating heart of our University, acting as a meeting place for our staff and students, a place of learning, research and community engagement. As a Foundation Professor, academic, Senate member and Chancellor, as well as being a friend and mentor to many colleagues and students, Geoffrey was also at the centre of all things Murdoch. It’s wonderful to ensure his legacy lives on in this way."

- Murdoch University Vice Chancellor, Eeva Leinonen

Publications
Citations to this author abbreviate his name to G. C. Bolton.
 * Alexander Forrest: his life and times. 1958
 * The Passing of the Irish Act of Union: a study in parliamentary politics. 1966
 * Dick Boyer, an Australian humanist. 1967
 * A fine country to starve in. 1972 ISBN 0-85564-061-8 (reprinted 1994, ISBN 1-875560-36-X)
 * Britain's Legacy Overseas. 1973 ISBN 0-19-888076-6
 * Spoils and spoilers : Australians make their environment 1788–1980. 1981 ISBN 0-86861-218-9 (second edition 1992, ISBN 1-86373-094-X)
 * History of Royal Perth Hospital. 1982 ISBN 0-9597039-1-8
 * It had better be a good one : the first ten years of Murdoch University. 1985 ISBN 0-86905-082-6
 * John Ramsden Wollaston: the making of a pioneer priest. 1985 ISBN 0-9588841-0-2
 * The Oxford history of Australia. Volume 5, 1942–1988 : the middle way. 1990 ISBN 0-19-554613-X
 * Who owns Australia's past?. 1993 ISBN 0-7022-2578-9
 * Daphne Street. 1996 ISBN 1-86368-167-1
 * Claremont: a history. 1999 ISBN 1-876268-38-7
 * Edmund Barton: The One Man for the Job. 2000 ISBN 1-86508-409-3
 * The Fuss That Never Ended: The Life and Work of Geoffrey Blainey. 2003 ISBN 0-522-85034-0 (joint author with Stuart Macintyre, Deborah Gare and Tom Stannage)
 * May it please Your Honour : a history of the Supreme Court of Western Australia 1861–2005. 2005 ISBN 0-9590067-7-X (with Geraldine Byrne)
 * Land of Vision and Mirage: Western Australia since 1826. 2008 ISBN 978-0-9802964-0-2
 * "A thousand miles away"
 * Paul Hasluck: A Life. 2014 ISBN 978-1-7425865-8-8

Academic career

 * Educated at the University of Western Australia and Oxford University
 * Research Fellow at the Australian National University in 1957
 * Senior Lecturer at Monash University in 1962
 * Professor of Modern History at the University of Western Australia in 1966
 * Foundation Professor of History at Murdoch University in 1973
 * Pro Vice-Chancellor of Murdoch University from 1973 to 1975
 * Dean of the School of Social Inquiry at Murdoch University from 1976 to 1978
 * Visiting Commonwealth Fellow at St John's College, Cambridge 1978 and 1979.
 * Professor and head of the Australian Studies Centre at the University of London from 1982 until 1985
 * Professor of Australian History at the University of Queensland in 1989
 * Professor of History at Edith Cowan University, Western Australia
 * Retired from academia in 1996
 * Chancellor of Murdoch University from July 2002 to November 2006.

title: Geoffrey Bolton


text:
Center for International Legal Studies

The Center for International Legal Studies (CILS) is a non-profit research, training, and law publications institute, established and operating under Austrian law. Its international headquarters are in Salzburg, Austria. The Center has operated from there since 1976.

The Center for International Legal Studies cooperates internationally with numerous institutions of higher legal education, lawyers' professional associations and international organisations such as UNCITRAL, the ITU, and WIPO and has participated in the United Nations’ Information Technology Summits (WSIS) in Geneva and Tunis. It administers programs with inter alia the Salzburg Global Seminar, King's College London School of Law, Boston University School of Law, the University of Buenos Aires Faculty of Law, Suffolk University Law School, the Korean Commercial Arbitration Board, and the Iranian Central Bar Association.

The essential purpose of the Center for International Legal Studies is the promotion of the dissemination of information among members of the international legal community. This is achieved through legal research and publication projects, the administration of post-graduate and professional training programs, and the operation of continuing legal education conferences each year. More than 5,000 lawyers worldwide have been designated as Honorary Fellows of the Center for International Legal Studies in recognition of their contributions to the Center's publications and conferences. Nearly 500 Honorary Fellows have taken membership in the Congress of Fellows. CILS established the International Business Law Consortium (IBLC) in 1996 as a means of assisting law firms affiliated with the Center to participate in and further its programs, and to translate these benefits to the delivery of transnational legal services.

title: Center for International Legal Studies


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Buddhamitra

Buddhamitrā (born c. 60) was a Buddhist nun from India during the Kushan Empire. She is remembered because of dated inscriptions on images of bodhisattvas and the Buddha that she erected in three cities near the Ganges river. They mark her success in attracting money and patronage to the Sarvāstivāda, the sect of Buddhism to which she belonged.

Life and work
Buddhamitrā was born around 60 in Mathurā. Her parents were wealthy Buddhists. She entered into the sangha and became a Buddhist nun. Her teacher was a monk named Bala, who belonged to the Sarvāstivāda, an early school of Buddhism. Both teacher and student were educated in the entire threefold knowledge of Buddhism (the Tripiṭaka) and were noted for their efforts.

Accompanied at first by a monk named Pushyavuddhi, beginning in about 117, Buddhamitrā and Bala built monuments at Śrāvastī and at Sārnāth. They had the help of two of the region's satraps or governors, Vanaspara and Kharapallāna, the "great satrap". For the next six years, or until about 123, Buddhamitrā then went to Kosam, where she built several monuments.

For example, one of the images at Kosam is a standing stone bodhisattva which today can be seen in the Allahabad Museum. Satya Shrava gives a translation of the inscription, originally written in Brāhmī characters in a mixture of the Sanskrit and Prākrit. It reads, "In the year 2 of mahārāja Kanishka, in the 2nd month of hemanta, i.e., the winter season, on the 8th day, the image of Bodhisattva is set up by the nun Buddhamitrā, well versed in the Tripitaka, at the promenade of the Lord Buddha."

Buddhamitrā and Bala were not interested in only converting others to their religion. To quote A Rough Guide to Kushan History, "[P]atronage, not conversion was the goal of Buddhamitra." She sought, successfully, money from wealthy and powerful people to promote Buddhism, and specifically for followers of the Sarvāstivāda school. The prestige of each patron enhanced the legitimacy of Sarvāstivāda. Her desire was to reach the leaders of the Kushan Empire.

Buddhamitrā lived at the time of the Fourth Buddhist council and it is likely given her political connections and learning that she was involved. She is a remarkable figure, because despite living in a patriarchal society she has left a mark in history where many male kings have been entirely forgotten.

Her niece, who was a nun named Dhanavati (or Dhanadevī ), in 148 built a memorial in honor of Buddhamitrā in the city of her birth. Shrava gives a translation of the inscription: "In the year 33 of mahārāja, devaputra Huvishka, in the 8th day of the 1st grīshma or summer [month], a Bodhisattva was set up at [Ma]dh[u]ravaṇaka or Mathurā by the nun Dhanavatī, the sister's daughter of the nun Buddhamitrā, who knows the Tripitaka, a female pupil of the monk Bala, who knows the Tripitaka, together with her mother and father ......"

Record
The female gender of someone named Buddhamitrā has been known since at least the 1960s or 1970s. A Rough Guide to Kushan History says, "The evidence for Buddhamitra comes completely from inscriptions." Just as other scholars have, Theo Damsteegt catalogs these inscriptions, in his case, in his 1978 doctoral dissertation, Epigraphical Hybrid Sanskrit, which identifies Buddhamitrā as a nun. Including all of the known works by and about Buddhamitrā, in 1993, Satya Shrava published a book of the inscriptions of the Kushan Empire rulers of India that have dates, along with a photograph of each one. Peter Skilling refers to this historical record and to a female named Buddhamitrā in 2001, in "Nuns, Laywomen, Donors, Goddesses: Female Roles in Early Indian Buddhism". Thea Mohr and Jampa Tsoedren give the female gender of someone named Buddhamitrā in a footnote in their book Dignity & Discipline: Reviving Full Ordination for Buddhist Nuns (2010), which identifies Buddhamitrā as a nun, one who had committed the entire Tripitaka to memory.

title: Buddhamitra


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Rewind (Hexstatic album)

Rewind is the debut album by Hexstatic, released on Ntone (sister label to Ninja Tune) in March 2000. The album cover features a 1980 home computer, the Sinclair ZX80.

Track listing

 * 1) "Rewind Intro"
 * 2) "Communication Break-Down"
 * 3) "Deadly Media"
 * 4) "Ninja Tune"
 * 5) "Kids Can Dance"
 * 6) "Robopop"
 * 7) "Vector"
 * 8) "The Horn"
 * 9) "Auto"
 * 10) "Machine Toy"
 * 11) "Bass Invader"

The vinyl version of the album contains two additional tracks:
 * "Timber" (Hardwood Mix)
 * "Robopop" (Cyclon Attack Mix)

title: Rewind (Hexstatic album)


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User talk:Funkmistress

Latinitas
Iustinus Aemiliae s.p.d.

Cum adseveres Latinam esse tibi linguam patriam, quin Vicipaediae Latinae contribuas?

Valeto, --Iustinus 00:24, 12 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Aemilia Iustino -

 * Nescio quin Vicipaediae Latinae contribui (quamquam valde fruor!), autem opinor bonum esse si quid scribam. Sed de cui scribebo?

 * Vale ~

 * Rogas de qua re scribas, nec sine causa. Sed nescio quid tibi commendam nisi ea de quibus hic scribere soleas. Quin inspicias articulos Latinos et videas num quid divini afflatus tibi fiat? ;)
 * Nunc creatur pagina de inceptis publicis Vicipaediae, id est de paginis praesertim operae dignis, sed usque adhuc una tantum pagina innumeratur, nempe huius septimanae Translatio Hebdomadalis. Opus est rem magis elaborare.
 * Vale, Iustinus 20:05, 13 January 2006 (UTC)

Emily, can I use this page to ask you a question concerning latin spelling/grammar? Xander 07:56, 16 February 2006 (UTC)

Sure, if you still have the question. (Sorry, it's been awhile since I visited my page). --Funkmistress 06:03, 26 February 2006 (UTC)

It seems that I have forgotten it, if I remember I'll be back. Xander 08:11, 26 February 2006 (UTC)

Favour?
Hi there, this may be out of line as far as Wiki etiquette, but I have been searching for people who know Latin well enough to translate a short phrase for me, and haven't had luck in the real world...so I figured I'd ask someone who lists herself on Wikipedia as a native Latin speaker. Would you be willing to give it a stab? Much appreciated.. :: Salvo (talk) 05:38, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

Sure, Salvo. What's the phrase? --Funkmistress 17:44, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

 * The phrase is "one step more."
 * Oh, and welcome to the Hudson Valley :) I didn't realize we were in the same region! :: Salvo (talk) 20:59, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

Hmmm. Well, a literal translation would be "unus gradus amplius," but it's a bit of a mouthful. A more succinct word with a similar meaning might be gradatim, "step by step"; or gradarius, "going step by step". Also, the more I type "step" the less it looks like a real word. :)

Oh, and ave to a fellow Hudson Valleyite!

--Funkmistress 17:19, 22 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Mille grazie! :: Salvo (talk) 21:40, 22 March 2006 (UTC)

Anderson Cooper
I'd appreciate your views on the talk page of Anderson Cooper bio article. I have added content that is sourced, verifiable, notable and not from a gossip site, but from the editorial page of the Washington Blade raising direct questions about Cooper's integrity as a journalist in response to his comments on his "personal life" (hence the section title). And an anonymous user again blanked the whole section, and a new debate is going on. I noticed you've worked on this article before. I'd really appreciate your views. NYDCSP 14:59, 2 February 2007 (UTC)

Latin
Alexander Aemiliam sal.

I'm just wondering, how can you be a "native" speaker of latin? Born and raised maybe some 1500-2500 years ago..? Ha, ha. I'm joking. But still I'm wondering, native latin speaker, I'm sure you're pretty good though, majoring in classics and all? Me, I study languages at the university in Oslo, Norway, so I have some knowledge about the language; have listed myself as a level 2 at babel, but that might be a little bold. Answer on my talk page if you like. --Alexlykke (talk) 22:29, 28 May 2008 (UTC)

WikiProject Latin
I am not sure whether you are familiar with a WikiProject or not (a description can be found here) but I'm planning on starting one for the Latin language. This is mainly because Latin is and has been such an important language in the history of western civilization but the article is only rated a 'C'. If you support my proposal then please sign your name on the proposal page here. 95jb14 (talk) 14:48, 14 August 2009 (UTC)

Native Latin Speaker?
In what way are you a native Latin speaker?--Herb-Sewell (talk) 16:05, 16 May 2013 (UTC)

title: User talk:Funkmistress