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Frank Rooney (businessman)

Frank Rooney was a wealthy American businessman.

Rooney amassed his fortune by managing two highly successful companies. As a young man, he graduated from Worcester Academy and the University of Pennsylvania, and began a twenty-year career as the CEO of Melville Corporation. Under Rooney's management, the company's revenues grew from $180 million to $7 billion, primarily through acquisition, the CVS/pharmacy chain being the most notable. After this success, Rooney retired to his homes in New York State, Nantucket, and Florida. In 1990, he was pressed into service by Warren Buffett, whose company, Berkshire Hathaway, was about to buy the shoe manufacturer H.H. Brown, which was formerly managed by his father-in-law. Rooney felt at ease running the $400 million H.H. Brown, where he only works full-time during the spring and fall. He notes that his informal agreement with Buffett is that he only work one day a week for the next twenty years.

title: Frank Rooney (businessman)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The Gnus

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was '''Shortened and merged. Redirect left.''' Marskell 11:24, 9 September 2005 (UTC)

The Gnus
This appears to be a vanity article about a highschool newspaper and does not establish notability. I'm fairly lenient about inclusion of school articles, but I don't think a school newspaper warrants a separate article, particularly when written in a non-encyclopedic style. --Alan Au 06:48, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom. Sdedeo 19:49, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge into Sandy Spring Friends School after substantial editing. --Outlander 20:58, August 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge as above--Machtzu 23:08, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Aden Colony

Aden Colony (مُسْتْعَمَرَةْ عَدَنْ, Musta'marat 'Adan), also the Colony of Aden, located in the south of contemporary Yemen, was a crown colony of the United Kingdom from 1937 to 1963. It consisted of the port of Aden and its immediate surroundings (an area of 192 km2).

Prior to 1937, Aden had been governed as part of British India (originally as the Aden Settlement subordinate to the Bombay Presidency, and then as a Chief Commissioner's province). Under the Government of India Act 1935, the territory was detached from India and established as a colony of the United Kingdom; this separation took effect on 1 April 1937.

On 18 January 1963, Aden Colony was reconstituted as the State of Aden (وِلْاَيَةْ عَدَنْ, Wilāyat ʿAdan) within the new Federation of South Arabia. The federation in turn became the People's Republic of South Yemen on 30 November 1967, marking the end of British rule.

The hinterland of Aden Colony was separately governed as the Aden Protectorate.

History
On 18 January 1839, the British East India Company landed Royal Marines at Aden. Their aims were to establish a supply port and stop attacks by Arab pirates against British shipping to India. The British Government thereafter considered Aden to be an important settlement due to its location, as the Royal Navy could easily access the port for resupply and repairs. Later, British influence extended progressively into the hinterland, both west and east, leading to the establishment of the Aden Protectorate. Aden soon became an important transit port and coaling station for trade between British India and the Far East, and Europe. The commercial and strategic importance of Aden increased considerably when the Suez Canal opened in 1869. From then and until the 1960s, the Port of Aden was to be one of the busiest ship-bunkering, duty-free shopping, and trading ports in the world.

In 1937, Aden was separated from British India to become a Crown colony, a status that it retained until 1963. It consisted of the port city of Aden and its immediate surroundings (an area of 192 km2). The Aden Settlement, and later Aden Colony, also included the outlying islands of Kamaran (de facto), Perim and Kuria Muria (see map).

Prior to 1937, Aden had been governed as part of British India (originally as the Aden Settlement under the Bombay Presidency, and then as a Chief Commissioner's province). Under the Government of India Act 1935 the territory was detached from British India, and was re-organised as a separate Crown colony of the United Kingdom; this separation took effect on 1 April 1937.

Through the latter years of its existence, Aden Colony was plagued by civil unrest.

Elizabeth II visit
On 27 April 1954, Queen Elizabeth II and her husband Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh visited the colony as part of their first Commonwealth tour. They were greeted by Governor of Aden Tom Hickinbotham and travelled to an enclosure to watch a military parade which included the RAF, Aden Protectorate Levies, Armed Police, Government Guards, the Hadhrami Bedouin Legion, and Somaliland Scouts.

The visit saw Aden hold its first and only knighthood ceremony in which local leader Sayyid Abubakr bin Shaikh Al-Kaff was knighted whilst kneeling on a chair instead of bowing due to his Muslim faith. The Queen also knighted Claude Pelly, who was Commander-in-Chief of the Royal Air Force in the Middle East.

A bronze plaque marks the foundation stone Elizabeth II laid for Al Jumhuriyah hospital during the visit. The hospital which was originally named after her until the end of British rule in 1967 was bombed by the Houthi in 2015, but remains open due to a UAE-funded restoration project.

Administration

The fundamental law for the Crown colony of Aden was the Order of Council 28 September 1936, which follows the usual lines of basic legislation for British colonies. The town of Aden was noted as being tied "much more closely into the fabric of the British Empire", with a faster rate of development, than the area surrounding it.

Aden was notable in that sharia law was not used in the colony. "All suits, including those dealing with personal status and inheritance of Muslims, are entertained in the ordinary secular courts of the colony".

Within Aden Colony, there were three local government bodies. The Aden municipality, which covered the town, Tawali, Ma'alla and Crater, the Township authority of Sheikh Othman and finally Little Aden had been established in recent years as a separate body, covering the oil refinery and the workers' settlement. All of these bodies were under the overall control of the Executive Council, which in turn was kept in check by the Governor.

Until 1 December 1955, the Legislative Council was entirely unelected. The situation improved only slightly after this date, as four members were elected. Judicial administration was also entirely in British hands. "Compared with other British possessions, the development towards self-government and greater local participation has been rather slow".

Education was provided for all children, both boys and girls, until at least intermediate level. Higher education was available on a selective basis through scholarships to study abroad. Primary and Intermediate education was conducted in Arabic while Secondary and independent schools conducted their lessons in Arabic, English, Urdu, Hebrew and Gujarati. There were also Quranic schools for both boys and girls, but these were unrecognised.

Economy and finances
After 1937, the economy of Aden continued to be largely dependent on the city's role as an entrepôt for east–west trade. During the course of 1955, 5239 vessels called at Aden, making its harbour the second busiest in the world after New York. However, tourism declined over the last years of the Colony with the number of tourists landing dropping by 37% from 204,000 in 1952 to 128,420 in 1966. At the end of British rule in 1967, the main revenues of the Colony were the Port Trust with an annual gross revenue of £1.75 million (2014 prices: £28.4 million) and the British Petroleum refinery which made direct payments to the Aden Government of £1.135 million (2014 prices: £18.4 million).

In 1956, Aden Colony had a revenue of £2.9 million (approximately £65 million in 2014 prices). This was equivalent to around £58 per capita, one of the highest per head revenue earners amongst Britain's smaller colonies behind only the Falkland Islands, Brunei and Bermuda. However, the benefit to the United Kingdom of this was tempered by their commitments to the Aden protectorates which had revenue per capita of only 2.5 pence (only 23p in 2014 prices).

By the time British rule was ending the Federation of South Arabia, of which the Colony was a part, was receiving £12.6 million (£209 million in 2014) from the British government to support its 1966–67 Budget.

Demographics
The colony's population was 80,516 in the census of 1946; in its second census in 1955, the total had risen to 138,230.

The 1955 census enumerated the colony's 103,879 Arabs as Aden Arabs (36,910), Protectorate Arabs (18,881) and Yemeni Arabs (48,088). The European population consisted of 3,763 British (including military) and 721 other Europeans. The colony's Somali population predated the arrival of the British in Aden. The colony's Jewish population (qv.) had been over 7,000 in 1946, but dropped following the removal of most Jews to the new state of Israel in Operation Magic Carpet.

The colony's estimated population grew to well over 200,000 in the 1960s.

Labour movements, trade unions and internal dissent
Trade unions formed the basis for most of the outlet of social dissatisfaction in Aden. The first union, the Aden Harbour Pilots Association, had been formed in 1952, quickly followed by two more by the end of 1954. By 1956 most trades had formed a Union. There had been an assumption that the British model of Trade Union development would be followed. However, in the local tangle of grievances, the nationalist and economic were difficult to differentiate. As a result, strikes and demonstrations were often politically motivated, rather than by purely economic reasons.

The British Army returned to Aden in July 1955 after Yemeni-armed rebel tribesmen caused disturbances. Minor events continued into early 1956, when a British assistant adviser to part of the Western Aden Protectorate was wounded in a rebel ambush.

On the 19 March 1956, labourers at the Little Aden refinery went on strike. Workers stoned policemen at the refinery gates, with clashes resulting in some deaths. The strike lasted ten days, being called off on the 29 March, with agreement reached mainly on pay. The strikes in 1956 were marked by a good many attacks on non-Arab groups. It was during this time that the Army took over command of Aden from the Royal Air Force, with its presence maintained "in view of the importance of preserving internal security" according to War Secretary Antony Head. Days after the strike had ended, the Governor Sir Tom Hickinbotham conferred with almost all of the tribal leaders from the Aden Protectorates, where broad agreement was reached that they should "seek some form of close association with each other".

In May 1958 a state of emergency was declared and there were a number of bombings until the arrest of the principal instigators in July. However, in October 1958 there was a general strike, which was accompanied by widespread rioting and disorder which ended in the deportation of 240 Yemenis from Aden, as claimed by author Gillian King: "By ignoring the views of the local labour force, the British pushed much of the Arab population into opposition against their rule, who previously had been by no means captivated by Nasser".

At the time much of the blame for these disturbances was placed on the broadcasts from Radio Cairo encouraged by Nasser's anti-imperialist and Arab Nationalist regime there, as claimed by author R. J. Gavin: "Radio Cairo began to speak in the tones of revolutionary Arab Nationalism. Men who had long lived in isolation now found a common political language and a breathtaking, liberating community of sentiment across the Arab world".

In December 1963 there was a grenade attack by an unidentified assailant on the high commissioner who was unharmed; however, three bystanders were killed.

Jews in Aden
There had been Jewish tribes in Aden and Yemen for millennia, where they had primarily constituted the artisans and craftsmen of these areas, but it was after the British occupation of 1839 that Aden became an important congregation.

During the two World Wars the Jews in Aden had prospered while those in Yemen suffered. The Balfour declaration had encouraged increased Jewish immigration into the Holy Land, and as a result many of the Jewish communities from all over the Middle East sought a new home there. The Palestine issue had a serious effect on British prestige in Aden.

During the Second World War, Jews from Yemen flocked in large numbers into Aden while en route to Palestine, where they were placed in refugee camps, primarily for their own safety. However conditions in the camps were difficult and in 1942 there was an outbreak of Typhus. The need for the camps was apparent when in December 1947, following the UN declaration for the creation of a Jewish state, there were serious riots in Aden Town, where at least 70 Jews were killed and much of the Jewish Quarter was burnt and looted. Until this point nearly all the refugees had been from Yemen and the Aden Protectorate, but now after the growing violence against Jews in the Town itself, most tried to leave. This was shown by the population figures which from a high of roughly 4,500 in 1947 less than 500 were left in 1963. "The 1947 incident found Government policies at odds with the whole Arab community, including those who manned the police forces".

The 1948 Arab–Israeli War made immigration into Israel very difficult, as the Red Sea and Suez Canal were closed by the Egyptian government. By 1949 and after the declaration of a cease fire, 12,000 Jews from Yemen, Aden and the Protectorate were gathered in camps, from where they were airlifted on average 300 a day to Israel, in Operation Magic Carpet.

Foreign policy issues
Aden was located in a vital strategic location, on the main shipping routes between the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean. During the days of Empire, the value of the port was in providing key communications and bunkering facility between the Suez Canal and India. Even after the independence of India, Aden continued to be regarded as a vital asset in Britain's worldwide defence network. By 1958, Aden was the second-busiest harbour in the world, after New York City, described as having importance that "cannot be overestimated" while protecting British oil interests in the region. The Little Aden oil refinery was essential to the economy of Aden as it could process 5 million tons of crude oil annually and formed one of the Colony's only exports. The safety of this refinery was a clear priority for the government of Aden.

"As a temporary expedient, the Aden base has the merits of a stabiliser at a moment when the Yemen is split by civil war, when the Saudi Royal house has not yet made itself a name for consistent rule, when the Iraqi and Syrian governments are prone to overnight revolutions and when Egypt's relations with both of them are uncertain".

For much of Aden's later history, relations with the United Arab Republic (UAR) were of primary consideration. Its 1958 establishment was described as having "increased the importance of Aden as a British military base in this troubled corner of the world". However even before the formation of the UAR, Arab nationalism had been growing in the awareness of Adeni's. "In 1946, Students protested that the anniversary of the founding of the Arab league had not been made a public holiday".

The most serious problem facing Aden in the late 50s and 60s was the relationship with the Yemen and Yemeni raids along the borders. But the adherence of Yemen to the UAR created a delicate situation and several political problems arose. Immigration into the Colony was a major concern of the local Arab workforce.

Previously to the creation of the UAR, peace in Aden it was admitted came not from the presence of the tiny garrison, but from a lack of Arab poles of attraction for malcontents.

However some contemporary writers, such as Elizabeth Monroe thought that the British presence in Aden may have been self-defeating, as it provided a casus belli for Arab nationalists. So rather than supporting British peace efforts in the region, Aden was actually the cause of much anti-British sentiments in the region.

"As in Kuwait prosperous older men appreciate the advantages of the British connection, but young Arab nationalists and a vigorous trade union movement think it humiliating".

Monetary system in Aden
Being an extension of British India, the British Indian rupee was the currency of Aden until shortly after India gained independence in 1947. In 1951, the rupee was replaced by the East African shilling which was on par with the shilling sterling. Then with the advent of the South Arabian Federation, a new South Arabian dinar was introduced in 1965 which was on par with the pound sterling. The South Arabian dinar was a decimal unit divided into fils.

Aden became independent as the South Yemen on 30 November 1967 without joining the Commonwealth, but the South Arabian dinar continued at the one-to-one parity with sterling until 1972. In June 1972, the British Prime Minister Edward Heath unilaterally reduced the sterling area to include only the United Kingdom, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and Ireland (and Gibraltar the following year).

The South Yemen reciprocated immediately by introducing its own exchange controls and ending the fixed peg to sterling. South Yemen was still however listed in British law as being part of the overseas sterling area, that being a list of scheduled territories which continued to enjoy some exchange control privileges with the United Kingdom right up until 1979 when Geoffrey Howe abolished all United Kingdom exchange controls.

Federation and the end of Aden colony
To solve many of the above problems, as well as continuing the process of self-determination that was accompanying the dismantling of the Empire, it was proposed that Aden Colony should form a federation with the protectorates of East and West Aden. It was hoped that this would lessen Arab calls for complete independence, while still allowing British control of foreign affairs and the BP refinery at Little Aden to continue. It was the hope of the government of Harold Macmillan that creating a federation that would be dominated by the traditional sultans would allow for indirect British control as he wrote in his diary that his government planned to use "the Sultans to help us keep the colony and its essential defence facilities". However, the population of Aden was urban, well educated, secular and generally left-wing while the population of the protectorates were rural, mostly illiterate, religious and generally conservative, making the proposed federation a mismatch. Federalism was first proposed by ministers from both the colony and protectorates, the suggested amalgamation would be beneficial they argued, in terms of economics, race, religion and languages. However the step was illogical in terms of Arab Nationalism, for it was taken just prior to some impending elections, and was against the wishes of Aden Arabs, notably many of the trade unions. An additional problem was the huge disparity in political development, as at the time Aden colony was some way down the road to self-government and in the opinion of some dissidents, political fusion with the autocratic and backward Sultanates was a step in the wrong direction. In the federation, Aden colony was to have 24 seats on the new council, while each of the eleven sultanates was to have six. While the federation as a whole would have financial and military aid from Britain. The federation was opposed by the majority of the people of Aden, leading to a series of strikes and protest marches while the elections for the council were rigged in favour of supporters of the federation. Right from start, the federation was seen as illegitimate.

On 18 January 1963, the colony was reconstituted as the State of Aden (Arabic: ولاية عدن Wilāyat ʿAdan), within the new Federation of South Arabia. With this Sir Charles Johnston stepped down as the last Governor of Aden.

Many of the problems that Aden had suffered in its time as a colony did not improve on federation. Internal disturbances continued and intensified, leading to the Aden Emergency and the final departure of British troops. British rule ended on 30 November 1967.

The federation became the People's Republic of South Yemen, and in line with other formerly British Arab territories in the Middle East, it did not join the Commonwealth of Nations.

Governors of Aden colony

 * Sir Bernard Rawdon Reilly (1 April 1937 – 24 October 1940)
 * John Hathorn Hall (24 October 1940 – 1 January 1945) (From 2 December 1940, Sir John Hathorn Hall)
 * Reginald Stuart Champion (1 January 1945 – 1950) (From 1 January 1946, Sir Reginald Stuart Champion)
 * William Allmond Codrington Goode (1950 – April 1951) (Acting)
 * Sir Tom Hickinbotham (April 1951 – 13 July 1956)
 * Sir William Luce (13 July 1956 – 23 October 1960)
 * Sir Charles Johnston (23 October 1960 – 18 January 1963)

Chief Justices of Aden Colony

 * James Taylor Lawrence (1938–1942; died 1944)
 * Geoffrey Barkitt Whitcombe Rudd (1944; acting and afterwards in Kenya)
 * Ronald Knox-Mawer (1952; acting and afterwards in Fiji)
 * Ralph Abercrombie Campbell (1956–1960; afterwards Chief Justice of the Bahamas, 1960)
 * Richard Lyle Le Gallais (1960–1963)

General references

 * Colonial Reports. Aden Report: 1953 & 1954, HM Stationery Office 1956.
 * Paul Dresch. A History of Modern Yemen. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
 * R.J. Gavin. Aden Under British Rule: 1839–1967. London: C. Hurst & Company, 1975.
 * Gillian King. Imperial Outpost: Aden: Its Place in British Foreign Policy. Chatham House Essay Series, 1964.
 * H. J. Liebensy. Administration and Legal Development in Arabia. Middle East Journal, 1955.
 * Tom Little. South Arabia: Arena of Conflict. London: Pall Mall Press, 1968.
 * Elizabeth Monroe. Kuwayt and Aden: A Contrast in British Policies. Middle East Journal, 1964.
 * E. H. Rawlings. The Importance of Aden. Contemporary Review, 195, 1959.
 * Jonathan Walker. Aden Insurgency: The Savage War in South Arabia 1962–67, Spellmount, 2004.
 * D. C. Watt. Labour Relations and Trade Unionism in Aden: 1952–60. Middle East Journal, 1962.
 * D. C. Watt. Labour Relations and Trade Unionism in Aden: 1952–60. Middle East Journal, 1962.

title: Aden Colony


text:
Talk:Hunters Hill, New South Wales

Page move
This page was moved from "Hunter's Hill" to "Hunter's Hill, New South Wales" as per the naming convention set out at Wikipedia:Naming conventions (places) -- Ianblair23 06:49, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

Separate page for the Local Government Area
As per discussion at Talk:List of Sydney suburbs, I have created a separate page for the Municipality of Hunter's Hill, the Local Government Area. -- Ianblair23 06:57, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

Spelling
Isn't the name of the suburb Hunters Hill and Hunter's Hill is a misspelling? The NSW Geographical Names Board has no entries for Hunter's Hill at all. Have a think about it and then I'll come back and do a move and a tidy up Bleakcomb (talk) 12:59, 14 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Totally agree with you there. The NSW Geographical Names Board decided quite some time ago that place names will not contain apostrophes. The local council though has not changed the name of the local government area though. I support the page being moved. J Bar (talk) 13:44, 14 March 2008 (UTC)
 * That's correct - no apostrophes in NSW place names. NSW Dept of Local Government list the LGA as The Council of the Municipality of Hunters Hill. (no apostrophe) The Council website is shite. They can't even get their own name right. They use either the name or the misspelling. Lets get some more opinion here and I'll attack it next week. Thanks for your response JBar. Bleakcomb (talk) 14:15, 14 March 2008 (UTC)

You should go ahead with the move, this is correct. --User:Adam.J.W.C. (talk) (talk) 00:46, 15 March 2008 (UTC)
 * One thing I have noticed is that the apostrophe form is used in the ABS geographic dataset. This maybe where some of that usage is coming from in WP. We should retain a redirect from Hunter's Hill if someone comes from ABS based statistics to WP. Bleakcomb (talk) 03:54, 16 March 2008 (UTC)

✅ - moved. I left the redirect deleted beneath its new home since its history was trivial. Splash - tk 23:23, 17 March 2008 (UTC)

Masonic Temple
I noticed J Bar you put the picture of the Masonic Temple back in. I had moved it to the lower general gallery (Landmarks, IIRC). I had also deleted the text listing the Masonic Temple from the list of churches. Freemasonry is not a religion and Masonic Halls are not churches. You will probably cause offence by leaving it there and insinuating such. I moved the image to the other gallery so that it wouldn't be dropped off and lost. But, I concede the resulting five images in the lower gallery wrapped, looked ugly and needed to be edited somehow. But the Masonic Temple image shouldn't go back into the churches gallery. Bleakcomb (talk) 06:37, 17 March 2008 (UTC)
 * I mostly moved the photo there for aesthetic reasons, but I must admit that I thought Freemasonry was a religion. You live and learn, I guess. Cheers. J Bar (talk) 23:07, 17 March 2008 (UTC)

Photograph
Ed User:Adam.J.W.C. revertion to bad or own photography (WP:BOLD) Hpeterswald (talk) 19:21, 28 October 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
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Demographics
Are the income and mortgage amounts in AUS dollars or US dollars? 72.251.27.67 (talk) 03:59, 16 February 2019 (UTC)

North Shore
I've noticed that Hunters Hill, Gladesville, and other surrounding suburbs have been listed as being on the Lower North Shore, however, every definition of the North Shore I've been able to find says the North Shore ends and the Lane Cove River. Under this definition Hunters Hill would be excluded from the North Shore and should instead be placed in the Northern Suburbs. Gladesville's page cites a Domain Property article, which lists Gladesville in an article on the North Shore. However, the site does not appear to constantly categorise this area as the North Shore, as Both Hunters Hill and Gladesville have been left off the property map for the Lower North Shore. I do plan to edit all these suburbs to change them from North Shore to Northern Suburbs, I just wanted to check if anyone has sources that would definitively show Hunters Hill is on the North Shore before I made these changes. — Preceding unsigned comment added by AbandonedLine79 (talk • contribs) 04:16, 17 August 2020 (UTC)

I agree with this distinction. Even on the linked wikipedia article the north shore is defined as the area between the Lane Cove River and Middle Harbour. Hunters Hill the suburb and the council are to the west of the Lane Cove River. This clearly puts it in the northern suburbs, not the lower north shore. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Finniewinnie (talk • contribs) 04:21, 17 August 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hunters Hill, New South Wales


text:
Talk:Borazon

Tradename
Is Borazon a trade name or a common name for Cubic Boron Nitride? and if so, should this article be merged with Boron nitride? --Martin Rudat(T|@|C) 04:48, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

facts incorrect, see ultrahard fullerite

Which one is harder?
Third hardest does not compute together with the text about diamonds which says "Diamond is the hardest known natural material (third-hardest known material below aggregated diamond nanorods and ultrahard fullerite)". Shouldn't that make ultrahard fullerite harder than Borazon and therefor make Borazon the fourth hardest substance since ultrahard fullerite wasn't natural either? Which one is harder? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 213.112.198.5 (talk • contribs)

Answer: Borazon is the third-hardest man-made substance according to the article. It may be correct, however, to state Borazon is the fourth- hardest known substance overall. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.17.105.123 (talk • contribs)

Abrasion
The overal picture is more complex though. If I read this article correctly Borazon is less brittle than diamonds. Traditionally a diamond was used to cut another diamond but more modern practice is to use a laser

Where a hardened shaft was running in softer bearing, minute particles from the harder shaft would become embedded in the softer bearing and gradually abrade the harder shaft.AT Kunene (talk) 10:24, 4 October 2012 (UTC)

Joke
There used to be a joke about the discoverer of Borazon as "being the only man to scratch a girls best friend". — Preceding unsigned comment added by AT Kunene (talk • contribs) 10:26, 4 October 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Borazon


text:
Kniest dysplasia

Kniest dysplasia is a rare form of dwarfism caused by a mutation in the COL2A1 gene on chromosome 12. The COL2A1 gene is responsible for producing type II collagen. The mutation of COL2A1 gene leads to abnormal skeletal growth and problems with hearing and vision. What characterizes Kniest dysplasia from other type II osteochondrodysplasia is the level of severity and the dumb-bell shape of shortened long tubular bones.

This condition was first described by Dr. Wilhelm Kniest in 1952, publishing the case history of a 3 1⁄2 year-old girl. Dr. Kniest noticed that his patient had bone deformities and restricted joint mobility. The patient also had short stature and later developed blindness, resulting from retinal detachment and glaucoma. Upon analysis of the patient's DNA in 1992, sequencing revealed deletion of a 28 base pair sequence encompassing a splice site in exon 12 and a G to A transition in exon 50 of the COL2A1 gene.

This condition is very rare and occurs less than 1 in 1,000,000 people. Males and females have equal chances of having this condition. Currently, there is no cure for Kniest dysplasia. Alternative names for Kniest Dysplasia can include Kniest syndrome, swiss cheese cartilage syndrome, Kniest chondrodystrophy, or metatrophic dwarfism type II.

Signs and symptoms
Because collagen plays an important role in the development of the body, people with Kniest Dysplasia will typically have their first symptoms at birth. These symptoms can include:
 * Musculoskeletal Problems  Scoliosis cobb.svg
 * Short limbs
 * Shortened body trunk
 * Flattened bones in the spine (platyspondyly)
 * kyphoscoliosis
 * Scoliosis (Lateral curvature of the spine)
 * Early development of arthritis
 * Respiratory problems
 * Respiratory tract infection
 * Difficulty breathing
 * Eye problems
 * Severe myopia (near-sightedness)
 * Cataract (cloudiness in the lens of the eye)
 * Cranial structure may elongate the eyeball, causing a thinning of the retina, thereby predisposing retinal detachment
 * Hearing problems
 * progressive hearing loss
 * ear infections

Most symptoms are chronic and will continue to worsen as the individual ages. It is essential to have regular checkups with general doctors, orthopedist, ophthalmologists, and/or otorhinolaryngologists. This will help to detect whether there are any changes that could cause concern.

Mechanism
Studies have shown that a mutated COL2A1 gene is responsible for all type II chondroldysplasias, including Kniest dysplasia. It is believed that point mutations or the alteration of splice sites in COL2A1 domains will result in Kniest Dysplasia. The COL2A1 domain typically spans between exon 12 and 24. Mutations that occur at a splice donor site results in the loss of function at that site. This leads to the skipping of the exon and deletion of amino acids. The loss of these amino acids result in an abnormal procollagen II structure. The structure is not stable like the normal procollagen II structure and is normally degraded at a faster rate.

Family/medical history
Kniest dysplasia is an autosomal dominant condition. This means that the person only needs to have one copy of the mutated gene in order to have the condition. People with a family history are at a higher risk of having the disease than people with no family history. A random mutation in the gene can cause a person with no family history to also have the condition.

Diagnostic techniques
A combination of medical tests are used to diagnosis Kniest dysplasia. These tests can include:
 * Computer Tomography Scan (CT scan) - This test uses multiple images taken at different angles to produce a cross-sectional image of the body.
 * Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) - This technique proves detailed images of the body by using magnetic fields and radio waves.
 * EOS Imaging - EOS imaging provides information on how musculoskeletal system interacts with the joints. The 3D image is scanned while the patient is standing and allows the physician to view the natural, weight-bearing posture.
 * X-rays - X-ray images will allow the physician to have a closer look on whether or not the bones are growing abnormally.

The images taken will help to identify any bone anomalies. Two key features to look for in a patient with Kniest dysplasia is the presence of dumb-bell shaped femur bones and coronal clefts in the vertebrae. Other features to look for include: Genetic Testing - A genetic sample may be taken in order to closely look at the patient's DNA. Finding an error in the COL2A1 gene will help identify the condition as a type II chondroldysplasia.
 * Platyspondyly (flat vertebral bodies)
 * Kyphoscoliosis (abnormal rounding of the back and lateral curvature of the spine)
 * Abnormal growth of epiphyses, metaphyses, and diaphysis
 * Short tubular bones
 * Narrowed joint spaces

Treatment
Because Kniest dysplasia can affect various body systems, treatments can vary between non-surgical and surgical treatment. Patients will be monitored over time, and treatments will be provided based on the complications that arise.

Surgical

 * Spinal Fusion for patients with severe kyphoscoliosis
 * Extension Osteotomy to help treat progressive joint limitation
 * Surgical realignment
 * Retinal Detachment repair
 * Myringotomy (surgical procedure to relieve pressure by draining fluid from the eardrum)

Non-surgical

 * Routine monitoring BIPAP.JPG
 * Oxygen support, CPAP, Bipap, Mechanical Ventilation
 * Physical therapy
 * Bracing

Like treatment options, the prognosis is dependent on the severity of the symptoms. Despite the various symptoms and limitations, most individuals have normal intelligence and can lead a normal life.

Recent research
A recent article in 2015 reported a persistent notochord in a fetus at 23 weeks of gestation. The fetus had an abnormal spine, shortened long bones and a left clubfoot. After running postmortem tests and ultrasound, the researchers believed that the fetus suffered from hypochondrogenesis. Hypochondrogenesis is caused when type II collagen is abnormally formed due to a mutation in the COL2A1 gene. Normally, the cartilaginous notochord develops into the bony vertebrae in a human body. The COL2A1 gene results in malformed type II collagen, which is essential in the transition from collagen to bone. This is the first time that researchers found a persistent notochord in a human body due to a COL2A1 mutation.

Eponym
It is named for Wilhelm Kniest.

title: Kniest dysplasia


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Talk:Mono Lake Tufa State Natural Reserve

redirect Mono Lake. --Wetman 06:51, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

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Emma Wood State Beach

Emma Wood State Beach is a California State Beach in Ventura, California. It is located on the Santa Barbara Channel on the west side of the Ventura River estuary and south of the railroad tracks of the Coast Line and the US Highway 101 freeway.

The beach is named after Emma Grubb Wood who once owned the 8,000. acre Taylor Ranch. The beach is popular for walking, fishing, swimming, and surfing. It also includes a primitive campground for recreational vehicles and the remains of World War II artillery emplacements.

History
The park is named for Emma Grubb Wood (May 23, 1881-September 19, 1944). Wood was the daughter of Alice Taylor Grubb, the owner of the Taylor Ranch (originally the Rancho Cañada de San Miguelito), an 8,000-acre sheep ranch on which oil was discovered in the 1930s. When Alice Taylor Grubb died in 1936, she left the ranch to her daughter Alice and son Percy. Percy, who was unmarried, committed suicide in December 1937 by carbon monoxide poisoning in a garage owned by Emma Wood's husband, Adrian "Buddy" Wood.

Wood died in 1944 in Carpinteria. At the time of her death, her land holdings, which included the Taylor Ranch, were valued at $8 million.

Adrian Wood inherited the Taylor Ranch from Emma, and in 1956, Adrian, gave land totaling 112 acres with 7,600 feet of ocean frontage to the State of California. The land became the Emma Wood State Beach, which opened in 1957.

Features
Emma Wood State Beach is popular for walking, fishing, swimming, and surfing.

The Wood property and the adjoining Seaside Wilderness Park (owned by the City of Ventura) include multiple ecosystems, including sand dunes, a flood plain, cobblestone beach, riparian woodland, and wetlands. At the eastern edge of the beach, the Ventura River estuary attracts a variety of wildlife, including great blue herons. A total of 300 plant species and 233 species of birds have been identified in the area. The Ocean's Edge Trail runs through both the Wood and Seaside properties. Dolphins are also sometimes seen off the coast from the beach; the Los Angeles Times in 1997 wrote that Emma Wood is the "best bet" for dolphin watching.

The beach includes the remains of two artillery installations built in 1942 in response to the Bombardment of Ellwood, a Japanese submarine attack on the Ellwood Oil Field.

The park also include a primitive campground for recreational vehicles. There are no sewage, water, or electricity connections, and no tent camping is allowed.

title: Emma Wood State Beach


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/ADAM DALGARNO

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Woohookitty 06:45, 8 September 2005 (UTC)

ADAM DALGARNO
Got paltry 2 google hits. Smells of vanity. Manik Raina 06:52, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as a hoax. Australia's first TV superstar would get more than two Google hits. Further, I am an Australian and I have never heard of him. Capitalistroadster 07:07, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete You have to applaud the creator for doing a well-made mock bio. Most everything in the article is very, very obviously fake though. There never was an Adam Dalgarno the TV star, and there never was a "Footloose Floozie" to name but a few. --Lomedae 10:18, August 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as hoax. At least part of this is copyvio:d from the bio of a certain "Ann Miller" at . --DrTorstenHenning 08:14, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete probable hoax. One has to admire the author's creativity - this appeared just one hour after their Geoff Tiver (see above). -- RHaworth 09:38:53, 2005-09-03 (UTC)
 * Delete Hoax. Alf melmac 08:23, 4 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Ethiopian Highlands

The Ethiopian Highlands (also called the Abyssinian Highlands) is a rugged mass of mountains in Ethiopia in Northeast Africa. It forms the largest continuous area of its elevation in the continent, with little of its surface falling below 1500 m, while the summits reach heights of up to 4550 m. It is sometimes called the "Roof of Africa" due to its height and large area. It is the only country in the region with such a high elevated surface. This elevated surface is bisected diagonally by the Great East African Rift System which extends from Syria to Mozambique across the East African Lakes. Most of the Ethiopian Highlands are part of central and northern Ethiopia, and its northernmost portion reaches into Eritrea.

History
In the southern parts of the Ethiopian Highlands once was located the Kingdom of Kaffa, a medieval and early modern state, whence the coffee plant was exported to the Arabian Peninsula. The land of the former kingdom is mountainous with stretches of forest. The land is very fertile, capable of three harvests a year. The term coffee derives from the قهوة (qahwah) and is traced to Kaffa.

Physical geography
The Highlands are divided into northwestern and southeastern portions by the Main Ethiopian Rift, which contains a number of salt lakes. The northwestern portion, known as the Abyssinian Massif, includes the Semien Mountains, part of which has been designated the Simien Mountains National Park. Its summit, Ras Dashen (4,550 m), is the highest peak in Ethiopia. Lake Tana, the source of the Blue Nile, also lies in the northwestern portion of the Ethiopian Highlands.

The southeastern portion is known as the Harar Massif. Its bounded in the west, by the fault line of the Rift Valley, in the east, by the Ogaden Lowlands and in the south, by the Elkerie and Borena Lowlands. Its highest peaks are located in the Bale Zone of Ethiopia's Oromia Region. The Bale Mountains, also designated a national park, are nearly as high as those of Semien. It is the main source of the Wabishebelle and Genalle (Juba). The range includes peaks of over 4,000 m. Among the former are Mount Tullu Demtu (4,337 m), which is the second-highest major independent mountain in Ethiopia, and Mount Batu (4,307 m).

Most of the country's major cities are located at elevations of around 2000 – above sea level, including Addis Ababa, Ethiopia's capital and largest city, and historic capitals such as Gondar and Axum.

Geology

The Ethiopian Highlands began to rise 75 million years ago, as magma from the Earth's mantle uplifted a broad dome of the ancient rocks of the Arabian-Nubian Shield. The opening of the Great Rift Valley split the dome of the Ethiopian Highlands into three parts; the mountains of the southern Arabian Peninsula are geologically part of the ancient Ethiopian Highlands, separated by the rifting which created the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden and separated Africa from Arabia.

Around 30 million years ago, a flood basalt plateau began to form, piling layers upon layers of voluminous fissure-fed basaltic lava flows. Most of the flows were tholeiitic, save for a thin layer of alkali basalts and minor amounts of felsic (high-silica) volcanic rocks, such as rhyolite. In the waning stages of the flood basalt episode, large explosive caldera-forming eruptions also occurred.

The Ethiopian Highlands were eventually bisected by the Great Rift Valley as the African continental crust pulled apart. This rifting gave rise to large alkaline basalt shield volcanoes beginning about 30–31 million years ago.

The northern Ethiopian Highlands contain four discernible planation surfaces, the oldest one being formed not later than in the Ordovician Period. The youngest surface formed in the Cenozoic, being partly covered by the Ethiopia-Yemen Continental Flood Basalts. Contrary to what has been suggested for much of Africa, planation surfaces in northern Ethiopia do not appear to be pediplains nor etchplains.

Climate
Spatial distribution of temperature in Ethiopia is determined primarily by altitude and latitude. Altitude is the main factor that determines the spatial distribution of temperature in Ethiopia. Ethiopia lies within the tropics, a zone of maximum insolation, where every place has overhead sun twice a year. However, considerable portions of Ethiopia are highland areas, and their altitudes give them non-tropical temperatures. Ethiopia's tropical climate occur in lowlands at the country's peripheries. The predominant climate of the Ethiopian Highlands is the Alpine climate.

Because the highlands elevate Ethiopia, located close to the equator, this has resulted in giving this country an unexpectedly temperate climate. Further, these mountains catch the precipitation of the monsoon winds of the Indian Ocean, resulting in a rainy season that lasts from June until mid-September. These heavy rains cause the Nile to flood in the summer, a phenomenon that puzzled the ancient Greeks, as the summer is the driest season in the Mediterranean climate that they knew.

Ecology

The Ethiopian Highlands share a similar flora and fauna to other mountainous regions of Africa; this distinctive flora and fauna is known as Afromontane, but from the time of the last ice age the region has been populated with some Eurasian (palearctic) flora. The habitats are somewhat different on either side of the Great Rift Valley which splits the highlands.

At lower elevations, the highlands are surrounded by tropical savannas and grasslands, including the Sahelian Acacia savanna to the northwest and the East Sudanian savanna to the west. The highlands themselves are divided into three distinct ecoregions, distinguished by elevation. The Ethiopian montane forests lie between 1,100 and 1,800 meters elevation, above the lowland grasslands and savannas, and extend to areas of similar habitat in Eritrea, Sudan, and Djibouti. This woodland belt has several natural plant communities, but has mostly been heavily grazed and converted to agricultural use now. Kolla, is an open woodland found at lower elevations, and dominated by species of Terminalia, Commiphora, Boswellia, and Acacia. Weyna dega is a woodland found in moister and higher locations, dominated by the conifers Afrocarpus gracilior and Juniperus procera. The lower portion of the Harenna Forest is a distinct woodland community, with an open canopy of Warburgia ugandensis, Croton macrostachyus, Syzygium guineense, and Afrocarpus gracilior, with wild coffee (Coffea arabica) as the dominant understory shrub. The southwesterly winds bring rainfall from May to October with moisture from the Red Sea coming in from the east year round. Fauna at these elevations includes the endemic Harwood's spurfowl (Pternistis harwoodi), Prince Ruspoli's turaco (Tauraco ruspolii) and yellow-throated seedeater (Serinus flavigula)

The Ethiopian montane grasslands and woodlands is the largest of the highland ecoregions, occupying the area between 1,800 and 3,000 meters elevation. The natural vegetation was closed-canopy forest in moister areas, and grassland, bushland, and thicket in drier areas. However these hillsides have good fertile soil and are heavily populated, largely by farming communities, so most of the region has been converted to agriculture with a few areas of natural vegetation remaining. Urban areas in this ecoregion include: Ethiopia's capital city and Africa's fourth largest city Addis Ababa, the Amhara Region capital Bahir Dar with its island monasteries on Lake Tana, the old walled city of Harar, the spa town of Ambo, Asella in the Arsi Zone, the trekking center of Dodola, the lakeside Bishoftu, the largest city in the southwest Jimma, the market town of Nekemte, and the capital of the Tigray Region, Mek'ele. Awash National Park is a site for birdwatching.

Remaining woodland in the drier areas contains much endemic flora and primarily consists of the conifers Afrocarpus falcatus and Juniperus procera, often with the broadleaved Hagenia abyssinica. In the Harenna Forest, pockets of moist, closed-canopy forest with Aningeria and Olea are draped with lianas and epiphytes, while above 2400 meters, a shrubby zone is home to Hagenia, Astropanax, and giant lobelias (Lobelia gibberroa), species which can be found on the East African mountains further south. The evergreen broadleaved forest of the Semien Mountains, between 2,300 and 2,700 meters elevation, is dominated by Syzygium guineense, Arundinarial, Juniperus procera, and Olea africana.

As the lower slopes of the mountains are so heavily populated, even the high altitude moorlands are affected by human interference, such as the grazing of livestock and even farming. There are two protected areas of high moorland: Bale Mountains National Park in the southern highlands, accessible from Dinsho; and Simien Mountains National Park, accessible from Gondar, which includes Ras Dashen. However, even these parks are losing habitat to livestock grazing, while the lower elevation parks (Harar Wildlife Sanctuary, Awash National Park, Omo National Park, and Nechisar National Park) are even less secure.

Above 3,000 meters elevation lie the high Ethiopian montane moorlands, the largest Afroalpine region in Africa. The montane moorlands lie above the tree line, and consist of grassland and moorland with abundant herbs and some shrubs that have adapted to the high mountain conditions. In Ethiopia, Afro-Alpine and Sub-Afro-Alpine vegetations are found in the Highlands of Semein and Highlands of Bale.

Fauna
These slopes are home to a number of endemic wildlife species, including the endangered walia ibex (Capra walie) and the gelada baboon, whose thick fur allows it to thrive in the cooler climates of the mountains. These two species are only found on the northern side of the valley, while another rare endemic, the mountain nyala (Tragelaphus buxtoni) is restricted to the southern side, and now survives at higher altitudes than its original habitat since the lower slopes are heavily farmed. More widespread mammals found here include the mantled guereza (Colobus guereza), which is also threatened as its habitat disappears as does that of many other mammals of the highlands such as olive baboon (Papio anubis), Egyptian wolf (Canis aureus), leopard (Panthera pardus), lion (Panthera leo), spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta), caracal (Caracal caracal), serval (Leptailurus serval), common duiker (Sylvicapra grimmia), and giant forest hog (Hylochoerus meinertzhageni). Birds include Rueppell's chat, the finch Ankober serin (Serinus ankoberensis), white-winged flufftail (Sarothrura ayresi), and blue-winged goose. The farmland is home to many butterflies, especially Papilio, Charaxinae, Pieridae and Lycaenidae.

There are several endemic animal species, one of which, the Ethiopian wolf (Canis simensis), is critically endangered. Other endemics include the big-headed mole-rat (Tachyoryctes macrocephalus) which is common on the Sanetti Plateau in the Bale Mountains. The mountain nyala finds its way up to the high moorlands although it is more common at lower elevations. Wintering birds include wigeon (Anas penelope), shoveler (Anas clypeata), ruff (Philomachus pugnax), and greenshank (Tringa nebularia).

Other fauna in the area also includes aardvark, eagle, Egyptian wolf, gelada, secretarybird, Nubian ibex, and marabou stork and Ethiopian endemic species such as the shrew (Crocidura harenna), the narrow-footed woodland mouse (Grammomys minnae), and Menelik's bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus meneliki), which is a subspecies with long, dark fur.

title: Ethiopian Highlands


text:
Talk:Montreal Royales

I am looking for one or two Montreal Royales baseball uniform tops. To explain, I was at the auction held at Langley, B.C. and did buy 14 tops for a 45+ baseball team. Can anyone help?

title: Talk:Montreal Royales


text:
State of Aden

The State of Aden (وِلْاَيَةْ عَدَنْ Wilāyat ʿAdan) was a state constituted in Aden within the Federation of South Arabia. Following its establishment on 18 January 1963, Sir Charles Johnston stepped down as the last Governor of Aden.

In spite of the hopes placed in the Federation, the insurgency in Aden escalated and hastened the end of British presence in the territory with the British leaving Aden by the end of November 1967.

The State of Aden became part of the independent People's Democratic Republic of Yemen, also known as South Yemen, on 30 November 1967.

History
To solve many of the problems the Colony of Aden faced, as well as continuing the process of self-determination that was accompanying the dismantling of the British Empire, it was proposed that the Colony of Aden should form a federation with the protectorates of East and West Aden. Under this scheme it was hoped that the conditions would be created to lessen Arab calls for complete independence, while still allowing British control of foreign affairs and the BP refinery at Little Aden to continue.

Federalism was first proposed by ministers from both the colony and protectorates: the suggested amalgamation would be beneficial, they argued, in terms of economics, race, religion and languages. However the step was illogical in terms of Arab Nationalism, for it was taken just prior to some impending elections, and was against the wishes of Aden Arabs, notably many of the trade unions.

An additional problem was the huge disparity in political development, as at the time Aden colony was some way down the road to self-government and in the opinion of some dissidents, political fusion with the autocratic and backward Sultanates was a step in the wrong direction.

In the federation, the former Aden Colony was to have 24 seats on the new council, while each of the eleven sultanates of the former Aden Protectorate was to have six. The federation as a whole would have financial and military aid from Britain.

Aden Emergency
Many of the problems that Aden had suffered in its time as a colony did not improve as a federated state. In the new federation the Aden Trade Union Congress (ATUC) had a large influence in the new assembly and to prevent it seizing control of the federation in 1962 the former Colony of Aden had joined the Federation of South Arabia so that Aden's pro-British assembly members could counter the ATUC's influence.

However, the day after State of Aden joined the federation the Muhammad al-Badr of the Yemenite monarchy was overthrown and civil war ensued between forces backed by Gamal Abdel Nasser such as the National Liberation Front (NLF) and monarchist forces backed by the Saudi Arabia and the United Kingdom. Internal disturbances continued and intensified, leading on 10 December 1963 to the Aden Emergency, when a state of emergency was declared in the largely dysfunctional Aden State.

Other events of the conflict that kept spreading throughout the region include the Battle of the Crater which brought Lt-Col Colin Campbell Mitchell (AKA. "Mad Mitch") to prominence. On June 20, 1967 there was a mutiny in the South Arabian Federation Army, which also spread to the police. Order was restored by the British, mainly owing to the efforts of the 1st Battalion Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders, under the command of Lt-Col Mitchell.

Nevertheless, deadly guerrilla attacks against British forces, particularly by the Egyptian-supported National Liberation Front (NLF), soon resumed in all their intensity. British presence finally ended with the final departure of British troops. The withdrawal was undertaken earlier than had been planned by British Prime Minister Harold Wilson and left the future state without an agreement on the succeeding governance. Finally the enemies of the State of Aden and the Federation, the NLF, managed to seize power.

On 30 November 1967 Aden State, together with the federation, became the People's Republic of South Yemen. In line with other formerly British Arab territories in the Middle East, the independent state did not join the British Commonwealth. The South Arabian dinar, however, continued at the one to one parity with sterling until 1972.

title: State of Aden


text:
User talk:Lulu of the Lotus-Eaters/RfC/Monicasdude

Hello LOTLE, hope you're having a fine weekend. I've decided to make the RfC against Monicasdude into a little project for the next few days, pouring more time/energy into it than previously planned. I think your Description under "Statement of the Dispute" is good but was probably done in a slightly off-the-cuff way by you (understandable-- who has the time to do hyper-detailed work for Wikipedia dispute resolution?). Would it offend you if I were to give it a thorough rewrite, or, if a rewrite is against RfC rules, if we were to withdraw this version and collaborate on a powerful new version to be posted no later than noon tomorrow (Monday)? I just think that if we're going to bother with this at all we should maximize our chances for a good result. Mdude hasn't committed the sorts of offenses that will lead to even a short-term user ban. The most we can hope for is something like a temporary ban on his use of the revert power on the Dylan article. That would allow us enough time to get the article back into shape, to produce a version that a properly chastised Mdude could then help us improve going forward. I don't think we'll get even that with the existing Description, which encapsulates grievances against Mdude quite well but which does not plot Mdude's offenses over time in the most compelling way. JDG 15:46, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Generally, as I understand it, the original statement doesn't have to be 100% perfect, since there is room for supporting/supplementary statements by other folks. If you are willing to certify my statement as it exists (sure, correct any typos, or anything obvious), you can add your own supporting statement and/or evidence; and I can sign on in agreement with the amendment.  But that gets things rollings.  Discussuion within an RfC is likely to last several weeks, so it's not as if whatever version is certified in 48 hours becomes some kind sacred and exclusive source for all decisions.

 * It's true, of course, that I basically just copied my description from the talk page to the RfC. But I wrote that description with a sense that it might, unfortunately, need to wind up in RfC.  So I was fairly careful, I think. I haven't yet provided/located all the diff links and other things.  That would be good, but basically, I don't think editors/admins are trying to award a prize to the party who can be more pedantic and hair-splitting; rather, I think they're trying to see the real issue, which I think my general description allows. Lulu of the Lotus-Eaters 17:07, 2005 August 28 (UTC)

Your recent change to the Monicasdude RFC entirely addresses the concern that I raised. You misunderstand me if you see my characterization of Monicasdude's editing behavior as "mostly favorable". My contributions to the RFC have as yet only covered what I see as the woeful mistreatment of him when he first arrived. In his first three weeks here he was remarkably tolerant of substantial harsh treatment and responded with admirable courtesy. This does not excuse his later behaviour, but it explains the basis for that. I think that if you look at those first few weeks, he did not insist on reversion to his phrasing per se: he was reacting to harsh reversion of his work citing misunderstood policy. Imagine how you would feel if someone reverted corrections of factual errors on the grounds that they had been in place for months (I paraphrase and oversimplify to emphasise the point).

 * Well, OK. I think everyone's first few weeks are a bit of baptism-by-fire though.  The history you pointed out showed a bit of rudeness toward him, but not particularly good responses by him.  And in any case, it's been a number of months since he joined, and Monicasdude has gotten worse, not better.

 * I did not first edit the Dylan page until... whatever, about the beginning of August. So I was not following that earlier edit history.  From my later looks at the history and the talk comments, I don't think Monicasdude ever acted particularly respectfully towards other editors.

 * FWIW, one of my first edits on the Dylan page, or its talk page, was in response to a suggestion by JDG to add a link to his "golden version". In a sense, I supported Monicasdude over JDG then; that is, I said the page needed to move forward, not restore some past snapshot.  Monicasdude thanked me for the "support", and my first comment to him was that while I didn't want to go backwards, nor think there was any fundamental flaw in the page, I could see too much belligerence in the talk history... and that the page would work better with cooperation.  That was before I made any edit beyond maybe a typo fix.  I don't remember exactly which talk pages this was on, but the history must be there.

 * In retrospect, I think that even that constructive criticism (by someone then uninvolved in any edit dispute) was insufficiently obeisant in Monicasdude's mind. I really think his belief and attitude is that he demands unquestioned recognition that he is sole and final authority on all matters Dylan.  Obviously, that's not going to fly on a Wiki.  The more I tried to give Monicasdude the benefit of the doubt, the worse his behavior got.  And yeah, I can be brusque, and suffer fools poorly. Lulu of the Lotus-Eaters 00:16, 2005 August 30 (UTC)

[While I am here: I appreciate your apology in the RFC for your incivility ("I have been guilty of this also, even if not so much as Monicasdude. Sincerest apologies.") but I feel that it is diminished by your self-comparison with Monicasdude. Please consider removing that. Also, I am completely happy for you to delete this counsel from your talk page: It is my unsolicited opinion and it is your prorogative to disregard it if you so wish. If you choose to not to act on it, then I would prefer you to delete it rather than risk being characterized unfairly as obstreperous.] —Theo (Talk) 23:43, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Theo, I must take strong exception to your characterization of the treatment Mdude received in his first few weeks. Nothing I did or said came close to "woeful", and your portrayal of Mdude as "responding with admirable courtesy" is far, far off the mark. Mdude's basic mode of response in those weeks was silence as he changed and deleted longstanding material, probably the most aggressive kind of response possible in that kind of situation. I did not insist on reversions of his factual corrections on the grounds that the errors had been in place for months: I reverted because a major, entirely undiscussed overhaul of a FA should simply not be done. It is anti-collaboration and shows no respect for the judgment of the many editors who elevated that work to FA status. It so happened some of his corrections were contained in that all-at-once overhaul and so were reverted when the whole was, with complete justification, reverted. Also, Mdude did introduce new factual errors (which persist to this day) as well as many misspellings and extremely clunky composition which, all in all, seriously lowered the article's overall quality. Theo, your pleas for peace are admirable. But they need to go hand-in-hand with an accurate portrayal of who did what. JDG 00:00, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

Lulu: I am gratified and impressed by your prompt unqualification of your apology. I see the initial treatment of Monicasdude as more than "a bit of rudeness" and I think that we bit a newcomer. He was not silent; he asked for clarification of the problem and received threats and interpretations of policy that he did not understand (and with which I disagree, as did Rhobite at the time). Your perception that Monicasdude demands some form of worship does not gel with my experiences with him on other articles. He is immovable on matters of fact but will yield on matters of opinion and style. Since he backs up his facts with sources and is prepared to discuss the relative merits of sources, I can live with that. I have yet to look in detail at the behaviour of any other parties after early June. —Theo (Talk) 01:54, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

JDG: Thank you for acknowledging my attempts to find a peaceful, mutually acceptable resolution to all this. Please remember that I have as yet only studied Monicasdude's first few weeks in any detail. And at the end of those first few weeks I can imagine how a well-meaning newcomer could have become aggrieved. Again, I emphasise that I do not consider his later behaviour to be appropriate but I hope that you will understand that I do not consider the least wrong person to be necessarily right. I am sorry that you disagree with my opinion that our treatment of this newcomer was "woeful". Monicasdude showed no discourtesy before receiving a warning that he was "headed for serious trouble", threats of arbitration, and suggestions that his behaviour was "iffy". When I wrote "Imagine how you would feel if someone reverted corrections of factual errors on the grounds that they had been in place for months (I paraphrase and oversimplify to emphasise the point)." I was paraphrasing and oversimplifying to emphasise the point not that you had "[insisted] on reversions of his factual corrections on the grounds that the errors had been in place for months". The point that I wished to emphasise was that that is probably how it felt to him. He saw an article that had been edited hundreds of times since FA status and that contained errors of fact. You reverted his changes wholesale. You did not ask for sources. You did not differentiate between fact, structure and style. You reverted citing policy that you did not appear to follow yourself (remembering that you were dealing with a newbie): consider two consecutive edits on 30 May: first you delete some text and add some analysis, then you restore a deleted paragraph saying that the deletion should have been discussed—a deletion that Monicasdude had explained twice in different phrasings. You mention above that Monicasdude was showing no respect for the judgement of previous editors; have you forgotten that he had been welcomed with an exhortation to be bold? On that same day you implied that he did not deserve respect. How is he expected to then deduce that Wikipedia is founded on mutual respect? I accept that my understanding of the various circumstances may not be complete. I am doing my best to work it out. —Theo (Talk) 01:54, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Theo-- your ability to study and reconstruct situations like this is impressive. I'm afraid though that many of your conclusions are quite off base. You have the quotes and the dates right but somehow the real tenor of most of these transactions was much different than you say. Are you interested in a point-by-point commentary on your reconstruction? I believe I could demonstrate, mostly objectively, why your analyses drift from true north, so to speak. I'd be glad to do it but it will have to start tomorrow (I'm falling out of my chair here). JDG 03:51, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes, please do provide such a commentary. I am always interested to improve my understanding. —Theo  (Talk) 06:43, 30 August 2005 (UTC)


text:
Municipality of Hunter's Hill

The Municipality of Hunter's Hill or Hunter's Hill Council is a local government area on the Lower North Shore of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. The municipality was first proclaimed in 1861, which includes the suburbs of Hunters Hill, Woolwich, Huntleys Point, Tarban, Henley and part of Gladesville. As at the, the Municipality had an estimated population of 13,559. At 5.7 km2, the Municipality is, by area, the smallest local government area in New South Wales and its boundaries remain mostly unaltered since its establishment in 1861. The mayor of Hunters Hill since 4 December 2021 is Clr. Zac Miles.

Suburbs and localities in the local government area
Suburbs and localities in the Municipality of Hunters Hill are:
 * Gladesville (parts are located within the City of Ryde)
 * Henley
 * Hunters Hill
 * Huntleys Cove
 * Huntleys Point
 * Woolwich

Council history
A 2015 review of local government boundaries by the NSW Government Independent Pricing and Regulatory Tribunal recommended that the Municipality of Hunter's Hill merge with adjoining councils. The government proposed a merger of the Hunter's Hill, Lane Cove and Ryde Councils to form a new council with an area of 57 km2 and support a population of approximately 164,000. In July 2017, the Berejiklian government decided to abandon the forced merger of the Hunter's Hill, Lane Cove and Ryde local government areas along with several other proposed forced mergers.

Demographics
At the there were 13,199 people resident in the Hunter's Hill local government area, of these 49.9 per cent were male and 50.1 per cent were female. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people made up 0.6 per cent of the population; significantly below the NSW and Australian averages of 2.9 and 2.8 per cent respectively. The median age of people in the Municipality of Hunter's Hill was 43 years; significantly higher than the national median of 38 years. Children aged 0 – 14 years made up 19.0 per cent of the population and people aged 65 years and over made up 21.6 per cent of the population. Of people in the area aged 15 years and over, 52.7 per cent were married and 9.3 per cent were either divorced or separated.

Population growth in the Municipality of Hunter's Hill between the and the  was 5.34 per cent and in the subsequent five years to the, population decreased by 0.20 per cent. At the 2016 census, the population in the Municipality decreased by 0.12 per cent. When compared with total population growth of Australia for the same period, being 8.8 per cent, population growth in the Hunter's Hill local government area was significantly lower than the national average. The median weekly income for residents within the Municipality of Hunter's Hill was significantly higher than the national average.

Current composition and election method
Hunters Hill Municipal Council is composed of seven councillors, including the mayor, for a fixed four-year term of office. The Mayor is directly elected while the six other Councillors are elected proportionally as two separate wards, each electing three Councillors. The most recent election was held on 4 December 2021, and the makeup of the Council is as follows:

The Council, elected in 2021, in order of election by ward, is:

Heritage listings
The Municipality of Hunter's Hill has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:
 * Gladesville, Manning Road: The Priory, Gladesville
 * Hunters Hill, 38-40 Alexandra Street: Vienna, Hunters Hill
 * Hunters Hill, 12 Crescent Street: Milthorpe, Hunters Hill
 * Hunters Hill, 14 Crescent Street: Hestock
 * Hunters Hill, Ferry Street: The Garibaldi
 * Hunters Hill, Nelson Parade: Kellys Bush Park
 * Hunters Hill, 46 Ryde Road: Marika, Hunters Hill
 * Hunters Hill, 2 Yerton Avenue: The Chalet

title: Municipality of Hunter's Hill


text:
TEB

TEB may refer to:

 * Teterboro Airport, a general aviation airport in New Jersey, US
 * Taxable equivalent basis, a banking term
 * Terminal end bud, a structure of the mammary gland
 * Third Eye Blind, an alternative rock band
 * The Easy Button, an alternative rock band
 * Win32 Thread Information Block (also called the Thread Environment Block), a data structure used in Microsoft Windows
 * Tønsberg–Eidsfoss Line, a railway in Norway
 * Transit Explore Bus, a proposed straddling bus concept
 * Triethylborane, a chemical used to ignite rocket motors and jet afterburners, and to initiate chemical reactions
 * Türk Ekonomi Bankası, a Turkish bank
 * Trophée Eric Bompard, a figure skating competition

title: TEB


text:
Talk:Municipality of Hunter's Hill

Separate page for the Local Government Area
As per discussion at Talk:List of Sydney suburbs, I have created a separate page for the Municipality of Hunter's Hill, the Local Government Area. -- Ianblair23 06:56, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

Infobox Update
This page has had its infobox updated to Infobox Australian Place. This update has been automatically preformed by TheJoshBot. Please be aware that poorly filled templates can have infomation lost in the transition that is unknown to the bot. Check the page history for more infomation. The following infomation has been lost in the transition, and will need to be converted to the document prose:

Orphaned references in Municipality of Hunter's Hill
I check pages listed in Category:Pages with incorrect ref formatting to try to fix reference errors. One of the things I do is look for content for orphaned references in wikilinked articles. I have found content for some of Municipality of Hunter's Hill's orphans, the problem is that I found more than one version. I can't determine which (if any) is correct for this article, so I am asking for a sentient editor to look it over and copy the correct ref content into this article.

Reference named "Census2021": From Camden Council (New South Wales):  From Northern Beaches Council:  From City of Lithgow:  From Norfolk Island Regional Council:  From City of Sydney:  From City of Lake Macquarie:  From North Sydney Council:  From Waverley Council:

From Wollondilly Shire:

From Municipality of Strathfield: ABS - QuickStats 2021 - Strathfield (LGA)

From City of Cessnock:

From Municipality of Woollahra:

From City of Parramatta:

I apologize if any of the above are effectively identical; I am just a simple computer program, so I can't determine whether minor differences are significant or not. Feel free to remove this comment after fixing the refs. AnomieBOT ⚡ 06:27, 13 July 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Municipality of Hunter's Hill


text:
User talk:Lulu of the Lotus-Eaters/Comstockians

I know the Comstockians over at WWem are abusive in their edits, and annoyingly belligerent. But however badly they act, you should refrain from stooping to the same level. Specifically, it was wrong to mess with the membership list by striking out other user's names or changing their membership comments. Lulu of the Lotus-Eaters 04:16, 2005 August 29 (UTC)

 * I did not strike any members names. I'll refrain from doing anything but reverting the members list from here on in. The nazi comment pushed me right over the edge, and I no longer assume good faith from any of them, evidenced by the fact that they are happy to accuse others of disruption but totally unwilling to admit their motives. I'm there to keep people from deleting all the nekkid people, as I've been perfectly clear all along. They're there to delete nekkid people, but they won't admit it. It's transparent disrespect for consensus. Hipocrite 11:44, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

 * It is wrong to say that I am favor of eliminating images of naked people. I am favor of suggesting that, hey, I don't think that images of overt sex acts belong. The thing you guys are fighting over is a project page, not a policy page. When I see commentary about the troll nomination for Vfd of the project and Hipocrite's response ""Speedy keep" wait two weeks and try again.", I can see nothing but a concerted effort to bring the thing down. Furthermore, Lulu, I see you are a Dr., congrats. I have a masters in behavioral and social sciences, U. of Maryland, emphasis, forensic anthropology, human osteology. If the resume you have posted is accurate and that displays your phone number and address, you absolutely must white that part out my friend. I am absolutely not a troll, do not use sockpuppet accounts and have created numerous articles, albeit short, but they filled gaps in areas of interest to me. Neither myself or Noitall have ever said, and if I did, it isn't a fact, that we are opposed to images of nudity...we are opposed to images of overt sex. I inserted Wales' comments merely to assist us in defining if that is also his vision. I requested you contact him. I havebn't bothered as I think his message was fairly clear, without much room for ambiguity. Now, I certainly don't take his word as being law, unless he tells me I have no choice, but I do respect his opinion. Perhaps I do so because it supports my view as well.--MONGO 15:45, August 29, 2005 (UTC)

 * Excuse me? I wrote speedy keep, wait two weeks and try again because I see 14 days as the minimum safe time for another VfD after the first resulted in no consensus. You assume everyone is out to get you. As usual, you are wrong. You assert you are not opposed to naked people and that you just want obscene images censored. We differ as to what is obscene. This means that you compare people to nazis and try to kick them out of projects, accuse them of being disengenuous and generally attribute evil motives to them. Somehow, I don't respect people that do that kind of thing. Hipocrite 15:56, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I was reading a discussion (can't locate it now) that any attempt to nominate this project (or most articles) in less than 6 months is not a good thing...it wasn't on a policy page, but it was on a discussion page. So, when I see you suggest trying again in 2 weeks, it appears from my vantage point that you are in favor of deletion. Anyway, I do not think that pictures of "overt sex acts" help Wikipedia become a more credible enterprise. I think they help to impede that effort adn In think Wales feels the same way. Again, not that his opinion is any more important than any other editor, but his opinion is noteworthy due to who he is. Just so you know...I get paid to be curious when there is nothing to be curious about. With that in mind, perhaps I am a bit paranoid. The articles I write take me back to a place I wish I could be...maybe nobody will read them, but I hope they do.--MONGO 16:15, August 29, 2005 (UTC)

 * I believe that pictures of "overt sex acts", if used in appropriate (and therefore limited) article contexts, do help Wikipedia become a more credible enterprise. Although it is of far less importance than MONGO imagines, everything I've seen (including the letter cited by MONGO) suggests that Mr. Wales concurs with me. Lulu of the Lotus-Eaters 19:13, 2005 August 29 (UTC)
 * Then, again, you are reading between the lines, and or suffer from selective recitation.--MONGO 20:45, August 29, 2005 (UTC)


text: User talk:162.83.206.36

title: User talk:162.83.206.36


text:
Joachim Meyer

Joachim Meyer (ca. 1537–1571) was a self-described Freifechter (literally, Free Fencer) living in the then Free Imperial City of Strasbourg in the 16th century and the author of a fechtbuch Gründtliche Beschreibung der Kunst des Fechtens (in English, Thorough Descriptions of the Art of Fencing) first published in 1570.

Works
In 1570, Joachim Meyer wrote a comprehensive, multi-weapon treatise entitled Gründtliche Beschreibung der Kunst des Fechtens or, in English, Thorough Descriptions of the Art of Fencing. It is seen as one of the most complete systems within medieval German martial arts. Meyer's book was reprinted in 1600, and may have been an influential source for other 16th- and 17th-century German fencing books, including a 1612 book by Jacob Sutor. His book mostly consists of descriptive text, with only a few dozen woodcuts, each of which depicts several players enacting various techniques described in the text itself. The book consists of five chapters, covering the long sword, dussack (a training weapon not unlike the messer), rapier, dagger, and polearms.

Meyer's system generally flows from, and uses the terminology of, the German school of swordsmanship as set down by Johannes Lichtenauer, though Meyer's civilian system also appears to draw from contemporary Italian swordplay, including Achille Marozzo.

Meyer's book itself consists of detailed explanatory text describing the guards or postures (huten) for each weapon, cuts, footwork and specific and often quite complex plays or devices (stücke), accompanied by a series of finely executed woodcuts, each of which depicts scenes set amongst somewhat fantastical fight school (fechtschule) settings. These woodcuts typically depict the postures, cutting schemes (signs or 'segno' in Italian) as well as several players enacting various techniques described in the text itself. The book consists of five sections, covering the longsword, dussack (a training weapon not unlike the Messer), rapier (in Meyer's case, a single-handed sword utilised for both cut and thrust), dagger and wrestling, and polearms including the quarterstaff, halberd and pike. In common with earlier German sources, Meyer's system gives pride of place to the longsword, which is both the first weapon discussed, and the weapon treated in most detail, forming an exemplar-teaching tool for the rest of the system. However, the rapier, dagger and polearm techniques and devices described in Meyer's book do not appear to concede much to sporting considerations, featuring as they do the thrusts omitted from the longsword section, as well as a range of possibly lethal fight ending techniques. Furthermore, the longsword section of Meyer's book in particular shows definite descent from the earlier corpus of the Liechtenauer tradition (Meyer mentions Liechtenauer by name), and remains one of the most detailed, systematic and complete sources for this weapon.

Life
Meyer's book was reprinted in 1600 in Augsburg, and became a highly influential source for other 16th- and 17th-century German fencing books, including the aforementioned book by Jacob Sutor and a book from 1672 by an Italian, Theodor Verolinus. Both versions were simplified redactions of Meyer's more detailed work. Meyer is mentioned in a brief Latin treatise on martial arts by Heinrich von Gunterrodt (1579) and is also the only German among the famous masters listed in the late 17th century fencing treatise by Giuseppe Morsicato Pallavicini.

Little is known about Meyer himself. Some information on Meyer's life has come to light as a result of recent scholarship (Dupuis). "Originally from Basel, he (Meyer) became a burgher of Strasbourg by marrying a widow in 1560, most likely during his apprenticeship as a cutler. He made a living as both a cutler and a professional fencer until 1570, in which year he published the book that was to make him famous. The making of this book left him deeply indebted, and the search for potential buyers led him to leave Strasbourg and work as a Master-of-Arms at the court of the Duke of Schwerin. Unfortunately, death seized him a short time after his arrival, leaving the burden of his debt to his widow and brother-in-law."

title: Joachim Meyer


text:
Talk:Stoke Mandeville

Untitled
hmm. I suspect the 12th century was a little early for a church to be condemned, let's see if we can get the facts straight on this... Sjc 07:00, 30 August 2005 (UTC) - Yeah, some comedian had tinkered with the dates. I will track and see if the perp has committed any other factual inexactitudes... Sjc 07:02, 30 August 2005 (UTC) On assessment, looks like an error on the part of the user rather than vandalism per se. I am afraid 12th century building regs weren't all that. Sjc 07:09, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

Stoke Mandeville Hospital..
...is not in the village. I used to live opposite the hospital's main entrance and I definitely lived in Aylesbury. In fact, this stub contradict's the hospital's wikipedia page. Have a look at Stoke Mandeville Hospital --Vertilly 12:51, 2 April 2007 (UTC)

 * On a technicality the hospital stretches across the border between Aylesbury and Stoke Mandeville parishes, so both statements, "SMH is in Aylesbury" and "SMH is in Stoke Mandeville" are correct. Feel free to point out that the hospital is in Aylesbury even though it's called Stoke Mandeville in the article - I think it's worthy of mention. -- Roleplayer 14:36, 2 April 2007 (UTC)

 * I beg to differ. The Guttman is very far into Aylesbury, and the hospital ends a good few hundred yards before the 'Now entering Stoke Mandeville' sign. I seem to recall reading the hospital WAS originally in Stoke Mandeville, but as the town grew, it was absorbed into the enlarged Aylesbury borders. Even the railway station says 'Alight at Aylesbury for Stoke Mandeville hospital'! KingDaveRa 20:52, 15 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Look on a parish map, the hospital was placed on the parish border deliberately and as the town has grown the old parish borders haven't been adjusted. However as I have said feel free to make the necessary changes, which I note you have not done yet. -- Roleplayer 23:21, 15 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Yes, sorry I've been trying to juggle coursework deadlines. --Vertilly 15:22, 16 April 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Stoke Mandeville


text:
Otospondylomegaepiphyseal dysplasia

Otospondylomegaepiphyseal dysplasia (OSMED) is an autosomal recessive disorder of bone growth that results in skeletal abnormalities, severe hearing loss, and distinctive facial features. The name of the condition indicates that it affects hearing (oto-) and the bones of the spine (spondylo-), and enlarges the ends of bones (megaepiphyses).

The features of OSMED are similar to those of another skeletal disorder, Weissenbacher-Zweymüller syndrome. Otospondylomegaepiphyseal dysplasia is a subtype of collagenopathy, types II and XI.

Pathophysiology
Mutations in the COL11A2 gene cause otospondylomegaepiphyseal dysplasia. The protein made by the COL11A2 gene is involved in the production of type XI collagen. This type of collagen is important for the normal development of bone and other connective tissues. Mutations in the COL11A2 gene lead to a loss of function of this type of collagen, resulting in the signs and symptoms of OSMED.

OSMED is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, which means the defective gene is located on an autosome, and two copies of the defective gene - one from each parent - must be inherited for a person to be affected by the disorder. The parents of a child with an autosomal recessive disorder are usually not affected but are carriers of one copy of the altered gene. A recessive pattern of inheritance makes OSMED unique among the type II and type XI collagenopathies.

Diagnosis
The distinctive characteristics of OSMED include severe bone and joint problems and very severe hearing loss. This disorder affects the epiphyses, the parts of the bone where growth occurs. People with the condition are often shorter than average because the bones in their arms and legs are unusually short. Other skeletal signs include enlarged joints, short hands and fingers, and flat bones of the spine (vertebrae). People with the disorder often experience back and joint pain, limited joint movement, and arthritis that begins early in life. Severe high-tone hearing loss is common. Typical facial features include protruding eyes; a sunken nasal bridge; an upturned nose with a large, rounded tip; and a small lower jaw. Some affected infants are born with an opening in the roof of the mouth, which is called a cleft palate.

Treatment
Treatment is symptomatic only, involving closure of the cleft palate, audiometry and adapted management of the hearing loss, and treatment of the joint pain.

Epidemiology
The frequency of this disorder is unknown, but it is very rare. Only a few families with the condition have been reported.

title: Otospondylomegaepiphyseal dysplasia


text:
User talk:194.240.127.2

January 2024
Hello, I'm Rosbif73. I wanted to let you know that one or more of your recent contributions to Talk:Coordinated Universal Time have been undone because they did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. If you have any questions, you can ask for assistance at the Teahouse or the Help desk. Thanks. Rosbif73 (talk) 13:19, 8 January 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:194.240.127.2


text: User talk:213.200.244.58

title: User talk:213.200.244.58


text:
Uncle Sam (disambiguation)

Uncle Sam is an iconic figure and a national personification of the United States of America.

Uncle Sam may also refer to:
 * Uncle Sam (comics), Quality Comics/DC Comics character
 * Uncle Sam (Vertigo), two-part comic book series by Steve Darnall and Alex Ross
 * Uncle Sam (diamond), the largest diamond ever discovered in the United States
 * Uncle Sam (film), a 1996 horror film
 * Uncle Sam (singer) (born 1971), American R&B singer
 * Uncle Sam (album), 1997
 * "Uncle Sam" (song) by Madness
 * Uncle Sam Cereal, a ready-to eat breakfast cereal
 * Uncle Sam (1852 sidewheeler), a side-wheel paddle steamer tug, first steamboat to ascend the Colorado River

Place

 * Uncle Sam, California, former name of Kelseyville, California
 * Uncle Sam, Louisiana, former name of Independence, Louisiana
 * Uncle Sam Plantation, a historic sugar plantation

title: Uncle Sam (disambiguation)