text:
Talk:A Hard Day's Night (film)

On review (on hold)
I am reviewing this article today.Realist2 (talk) 07:00, 3 April 2008 (UTC)

To do list

 * Sort out red links

 * Remove IMDd link, its unreliable
 * - no longer used as a source

 * Remove unfree image

 * Release history section completely unsourced, why?

 * Information on the locations would be better merged into the backdround section.

 * Generally the article is insufficiantly sourced. I could go through it with citation tags ....
 * hopefull all covered now

Hum i will put this article onhold, it must be sourced better. If you dont think you can resolve these issues within 7-10 days let me know. Realist2 (talk) 07:14, 3 April 2008 (UTC)

GA 2nd opinion
Just to clarify a couple of things:
 * I assume Realist2 means Image:Hard Day's Night CAV Criterion Open.jpg? Other non-free images are acceptable as they are used sparingly with a rationale.
 * removed, unnecessary

 * Redlinks are acceptable if an article could feasibly be created from them. The only redlink I see is to a notable role (a film producer), which is OK for GA.

 * Agree that the IMDb reference should be replaced with a [{WP:RS|reliable source]]. Shouldn't be too difficult as the point it supports is quite broad.

 * Locations should not only be merged, it should be written in prose.

 * Similarly, the awards should be written in prose and sourced.

 * "New York Times film critic Bosley Crowther..." needs referencing

 * "After six weeks the film had grossed $5.8 million in rentals." paragraph needs referencing.
 * removed, no source

 * "David Crosby admits, “I came out [of the theater] and swung..." needs referencing, as does other points in this paragraph.
 * removed, no source

 * As Realist2 says, generally it is unsourced. I have only listed a few examples.

 * Single years should not be wikilinked -- only when in full dates.

Hope this helps. The JPS talk to me  09:19, 3 April 2008 (UTC)

More:
 * Formatting quotations like that makes it look fragmented. Just integrate them within the text. The quotation in the lead particularly looks odd and is itself perhaps a little too specific for the lead.

 * The above is especially true of the 'plot' section, which ahs some very short paragraphs.

 * Lose the 'Academy awards' subheading -- reception will accommodate it nicely, and write in prose.

 * "The film is also credited with being a precursor of pop music videos." Paragraph too short. Suggest combining with previous paragraph.
 * moved to "Influence" & expanded.

 * Television, film and magazine titles should be italicised.

 * Could you make more use of the Ebert article?
 * expanded "Influence heading"

 * I've replied to Rodhull...'s question about the IMDb on my talk page.

 * Keep the Allmovie etc. links as external links, not references. References should be indicated at the relevant point.
 * moved

 * Lose the Ebert External link as he is listed in references.

The JPS talk to me  17:48, 4 April 2008 (UTC)

side comment to 2nd opinion

 * Yes I did just mean that picture, sorry if that wasnt clear.
 * There are a number of citations required and i have offered to add citation tags to the article if needs be (this offer was mad at their talk pages as well). I dont intend to list the vast number of citation problems, im sure these experienced editors who often review articles themselves dont need that level of spoon feeding. Realist2 (talk) 11:31, 3 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Good Article reviewing is a read-only process and does not extend to adding tags. These issues should be addressed in the review. And, no, we need neither spoon-feeding nor patronising nor insults. -- Rodhullandemu  (Talk) 13:56, 3 April 2008 (UTC)

Sure thanx for the heads ups. Realist2 (talk) 14:01, 3 April 2008 (UTC)

 * What's all this about??? I had no problem at all when Realist2 put "citation needed" on the articles he reviewed for me. It saved his time, and mine, by not him not writing, and me not reading reams of stuff. Whatever may have gone on in the past is complete bollards now, because Realist2 and Kodster are two editors that I have a lot of respect for. These editors are working for free, don't forget, and are doing some really good work. Okay? Okay.--andreasegde (talk) 12:50, 4 April 2008 (UTC)

Its ok we've had a massive argument "AGAIN" but its cleared the air, Rodhullandemu wasnt aware that i had grown up was all, he was understandably concerned about my own pov biases but i think ive put him clear on where i stand. He can trust me to reach an impartial view. I was asked to review the article personally, im so happy and glad that people i have argued with in the past have gone to such lengths to forgive and forget and to also respect my views. ;-) Realist2 (talk) 16:16, 4 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Upon reading this article, I think it's great. Definitely worth a GA! Sorry I couldn't really work on this, having nominated this. Thanks to Realist2, The JPS, Rodhull..., and all involved! Great job!

 * Realist2, your call.  Kodster  (Willis) (Look what I can do) 19:31, 4 April 2008 (UTC)

If everyone is finished working i'd be happy to review it, i think rodhull wants to make more adjustements though ? Realist2 (talk) 19:36, 4 April 2008 (UTC)
 * I think at present all it really needs is sources for the Releases section. Everything else is covered, I think. I was going to take a short break to watch the last "Torchwood" & return refreshed a little later. -- Rodhullandemu  (Talk) 19:40, 4 April 2008 (UTC)

Ha. sounds good, i would rather wait till your sure your finished, im in no rush. Realist2 (talk) 19:43, 4 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Yes, this sounds more like it. You are all good people and it fills my heart with joy (a little bit too poetic, no?) to read such nice words. May your sails be forever pushed to the west (that is not only too poetic, but confusing - please forgive me). Have fun. :) --andreasegde (talk) 23:06, 4 April 2008 (UTC)

 * "May your sails be forever pushed to the west". Are you telling them to move to this rotten place?  —Preceding unsigned comment added by Kodster (talk • contribs) 18:15, 5 April 2008 (UTC)

Poetry !!!!!!, another talent andreasegde ? Realist2 (talk) 00:31, 5 April 2008 (UTC)

Update
OK im going to look through it all now and mention any further corrections (if any) needed. This will take some time but I would appreciate it if everyone let me finish my job before commenting or making further edits to the article. Cheers. Realist2 (talk) 17:17, 5 April 2008 (UTC)
 * No problem. You can always put an tag on the article while you're doing this. -- Rodhullandemu  (Talk) 17:18, 5 April 2008 (UTC)

 * OK there IS still red links for the producer, i really think they should be removed for an article that is this good.
 * OK, leave it as it is for now, although redlinks are not fatal to a GA status

 * There is still a link to IMDd at the Right hand side, can we just do away with it, it weakens the credibility of the article.
 * has been removed

 * Again on the RHS, uncredited music by ... (in the brackets), just delete it, its far to specific.

 * Remove the "Beatlemania" word, i think its in the article twice, its not prefessional, just say "at the peak of their popularity" with a link to beatlemania.

 * "he had shown a knack for Liverpudlian dialogue" - is knack english slang? alter that word.
 * "talent" might be better, or link to [here] - changed to "aptitude", less colloquial but less clumsy than "adeptness"

 * McCartney's grandfather causes minor drama at a casino - doesnt quite work. Needs rewording
 * left as it is, but is he "McCartney's" grandfather? Paul is playing a character- "Paul". He is not credited as "McCartney" in the cast list, although it is obviously him.

 * Is the dialogue sub heading nessary, its only 3 lines long, unless you intend to expand it???
 * merged, probably not worth a sub-heading of its own

 * Make sure pounds and dollars are correctly wiki linked.
 * - done, but only needs doing once, if at all.

 * There are about 3 dates in the production section that need wiki dating.

 * The reception section would look better as a sold paragraph, it looks disjointed.
 * - recast but Crowther's is long enough to stand on its own.

Sorry, Realist2, I undid your edits by accident. You'll have to do them again. I fixed the majority of the things you said. :) Please feel free to talk to me on my for any comments. Cheers,  Kodster  (Willis)  (Look what I can do) 18:28, 5 April 2008 (UTC)

OK, theres a few things on the list left to do, kodster handled the ones crossed out. Let me know when they are done. Realist2 (talk) 19:00, 5 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Some notes: We don't need tags when what is asserted can be verified through a Wikilink; this would just clog up the whole of the encyclopedia. Have replaced a piece of plot because otherwise there would be a reference without a target. Have removed "studio thought that their fame would not last beyond the summer", on the basis that it's not essential, no idea how it can be sourced anyway, and it's not critical to the article. All looks fine now. -- Rodhullandemu  (Talk) 19:34, 5 April 2008 (UTC)

Final review
Part1 (A=Pass B=Pass) - Well written, correct style and formatt.

Part2 (A=Pass B=Pass C=Pass) - Well sourced, correctly formatted, no original material.

Part3 (A=Pass B=Pass) - Broad, covers the main points without going off point.

Part4 (A=Pass) - Neutral

Part5 (A=Pass) - Stable

Part6 (A=Pass B=Pass) - Good pictures with good captions.

GA PASSED!

Well done folks!!! - --Realist2 (talk) 19:49, 5 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Thanks a lot, Realist2! We got there. I've put the template at the top, you just need to swap my sig for yours. -- Rodhullandemu  (Talk) 19:56, 5 April 2008 (UTC)

Good the thing is even if im being a little strict, it just makes FA easier ;-) Realist2 (talk) 20:05, 5 April 2008 (UTC)

And I hope your opinion of me has changed,,,, at least a little. Realist2 (talk) 20:07, 5 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Very much, in fact. I apologise for misreading your motives. Let's move on to the next GA Nom. -- Rodhullandemu  (Talk) 20:09, 5 April 2008 (UTC)

Sounds like a plan, mi amiga/o ! Realist2 (talk) 20:20, 5 April 2008 (UTC)

 * This is what I call really nice. Is this what happens when I stop editing?--andreasegde (talk) 20:56, 5 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Only when, not because. Thanks for your input, plenty more work around the corner! -- Rodhullandemu  (Talk) 20:59, 5 April 2008 (UTC)

My heart is overflowing with.... (wait a minute, I'Ll think of something :)--andreasegde (talk) 21:05, 5 April 2008 (UTC)

 * You have such a way with words, Andreasegde, just like a true poet. :) Cheers,  Kodster  (Willis) (Look what I can do) 22:55, 5 April 2008 (UTC)

Great job, sorry I missed the celebration! What with A Day in the Life, Thriller, etc. etc. Another GA for Wikipedia! Cheers,  Kodster  (Willis) (Look what I can do) 22:55, 5 April 2008 (UTC)

Paddington Station?
Surely Paddington Station would be too busy to film at? http://www.movie-locations.com/movies/h/harddaysnight.html mentions Lime St Station and Marylebourne Station, though it does say they meant to be at Paddington, which may be why the confusion lies.

Paul —Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.13.195.50 (talk) 14:46, 25 April 2009 (UTC)

The article is incorrect when it says filming was at Paddington. The location was Marylebone. --Kstern999 (talk) 17:57, 10 January 2012 (UTC)

Novelisation
Having managed to score a copy of the novelisation, I added a very basic section about it. I don't know if that's the right place to put it, so feel free to put it somewhere else if you can think of a more appropriate place. Not much to say about the novelisation except that it's by a British hack writer named John Burke who's written a lot of other novelisations besides, and like most novelisations it has all the evidence of being based on an earlier draft than the one that was shot. e.g., The press conference is a scene in the book but none of the Beatles' quips from the film are in it; instead there are what looks like attempts, probably by Alun Owen, to think up Beatleoid quips that were probably replaced on the day of shooting. Still, I am a bit of a connoisseur of the novelisation and I was glad to find a copy of this one. Lexo (talk) 00:07, 23 March 2010 (UTC)

Discussion pertaining to non-free image(s) used in article
A cleanup page has been created for WP:FILMS' spotlight articles. One element that is being checked in ensuring the quality of the articles is the non-free images. Currently, one or more non-free images being used in this article are under discussion to determine if they should be removed from the article for not complying with non-free and fair use requirements. Please comment at the corresponding section within the image cleanup listing. Before contributing the discussion, please first read WP:FILMNFI concerning non-free images. Ideally the discussions pertaining to the spotlight articles will be concluded by the end of June, so please comment soon to ensure there is clear consensus. --Happy editing! Nehrams2020 (talk • contrib) 05:14, 20 June 2010 (UTC)

Citation needed for Charlotte Rampling appearance
I added a "fact" tag to the reference to Rampling being in the film. I have been unable to find any reputable online source indicating she appeared in the film. Not even the IMDb lists this. And the fan sites - as well a Rampling's Wikipedia article - all say she made her film debut in another Richard Lester film, The Knack in 1965. 68.146.81.123 (talk) 04:10, 29 August 2010 (UTC)

Bound for Where?
The wiki article under "Plot" states "Bound for a Liverpool show, the Beatles escape a horde of fans". Next paragraph starts "On arrival in London". It was my understanding that the opening, while filmed in London, was meant to represent Liverpool Lime Street Station, and the boys are departing from Liverpool, and in fact are bound for a London show. But I'm no Beatles scholar. Kzirkel (talk) 13:15, 7 July 2014 (UTC)

Add ref section
Since Kzirkel added a botched reference template on a talk page, here is a ref section to display it, so it does not show up at the bottom of the page and look like the last person to post created it.

Brit vs US currency
The article says it cost so many pounds, but the box office was so many dollars. This is unencyclopedic and puzzling. What was the 1964 exchange rate? One of the cost figures should be converted to give the reader some idea of how profitable it was. The figure for box office is not a sensible one, since the reference cited states that it starts in 1982, 18 years after the film premiered. It is pretty much a meaningless and misleading figure, and "Unknown" would be more accurate. It was a famous and popular and widely seen film, though it appeared to have been made on a minimal production budget, save perhaps the salaries for the musical group. Edison (talk) 03:39, 7 March 2015 (UTC)

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Assessment comment
Substituted at 06:17, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

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"Mockumentary"
It seems to have gotten fashionable to call AHDN the "first mockumentary" or refer to its supposed "documentary quality" as some kind of first, ever since for marketing purposes a VHS or DVD edition of it from the 90s or later has called it a "mockumentary" on the back cover blurb just to sell more copies due to using a fashionable term. All that just because the film purports to be showing a few days in the lifes of The Beatles in a way that's most obviously fictional, being a style of narration which had been known from Hollywood musicals about music stars before, such as the films Elvis Presley and Frank Sinatra had made in the 50s and early 60s, or The Girl Can't Help It (1956), the latter being an important influence upon the early lads as to how they imagined music stardom and they've also all cited it as an important conceptual influence upon AHDN in the Beatles Anthology.

In any case, AHDN lacks all the features of an actual mockumentary, or a traditional documentary as they had been made until then, such as a narrator or verbal narration, many long (often hand-held) takes, interviews led by the film's director or crew who are asking questions, and camera angles/photography that would be considered sub-standard for traditional fiction work, all of which are the basic features of mockumentaries at least since Monty Python's Flying Circus (1969-74), Lenny (1974), and All You Need Is Cash (1978). Indeed, if you define a "mockumentary" as any film with somebody portraying a fictionalized version of themselves as a main character or a stage/screen persona under their IRL name, as is obviously being done to refer to AHDN as such, you could even argue that the first "mockumentaries" were made by Charlie Chaplin.

Overall, this is an issue that concerns our articles music video and mockumentary, both claiming that AHDN would be pretty much the "first mockumentary" or would be the "first fiction feature with documentary qualities". But I'm putting it here because this is the central talkpage for the film itself. --2003:71:4E6A:B425:68BE:24D3:6E60:5230 (talk) 18:03, 17 January 2017 (UTC)
 * The question for Wikipedia is whether there are reliable sources calling it a "mockumentary" or not. I don't think DVD covers and other marketing materials qualify. I notice that the article Mockumentary is pretty poorly sourced and has no sourcing for many of the supposed examples of a mockumentary, including A Hard Day's Night. I think you could justify removing that example from that article until someone comes up with sources. My personal opinion is that AHDN does not "feel" like a mockumentary, but that's not the standard for our articles.  Neutron (talk) 20:14, 17 January 2017 (UTC)

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Influence on movement of contemporaneous musicians away from acoustic instruments to electric ones?
Marty Balin's obituary in today's Washington Post credits the movie with influencing musicians to switch to electronic instruments. I'm sure I'm not the one who finds that little slice of music history interesting - people were outright angry bordering on violent when Dylan switched over, iirc. It'd be nice to have any information on this in the article as there's nothing about it now.

Here's the wapo article fyi: https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/marty-balin-founder-of-1960s-group-jefferson-airplane-dies-at-76/2018/09/29/3a0db264-c3ee-11e8-97a5-ab1e46bb3bc7_story.html

Spy films
I'm puzzled by the statement that Hard Day's Night inspired spy films. Doesn't seem to have much espionage in it. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Dynzmoar (talk • contribs) 14:22, 4 July 2019 (UTC)

 * Just Wiki being Wiki. 2600:4040:5D38:1600:7C60:F852:F943:7353 (talk) 12:41, 7 November 2022 (UTC)

Cocaine Reference
Presumably the 'small reference to cocaine' is when Lennon sniffs a bottle of Coca-Cola on the train? Stub Mandrel (talk) 23:08, 7 February 2021 (UTC)
 * Yes, see the BBFC's notes for classifying the 1984 video release: "Also a point to notice is that at 0:7:40 John Lennon 'sniffs' at a coke bottle. This very brief reference to the drug cocaine should probably go safely over the heads of the very young." --Metropolitan90 (talk) 15:47, 1 September 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:A Hard Day's Night (film)


text:
Naturally

Naturally may refer to:

 * Albums
 * Naturally!, an album by Nat Adderley
 * Naturally (Houston Person album)
 * Naturally (J. J. Cale album)
 * Naturally (John Pizzarelli album)
 * Naturally (Sharon Jones album)
 * Naturally (Three Dog Night album)

 * Songs
 * "Naturally" (Deborah Gibson song)
 * "Naturally" (Kalapana song)
 * "Naturally" (Selena Gomez & the Scene song)
 * "Naturally", a song by Ayumi Hamasaki from I Am...
 * "Naturally", a song by Heatwave from Current
 * "Naturally", a song by Huey Lewis and the News from Fore!
 * "Naturally", a song by Raffi from Bananaphone
 * "Naturally", a song by Fat Mattress from Fat Mattress II
 * "Naturally", a song by Katy Hudson (better known by her current stage name Katy Perry) from her debut album Katy Hudson

 * TV series
 * Naturally (TV series), 2019 South Korean TV series

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Naturally


text:
Hootenanny (The Replacements album)

Hootenanny is the second studio album by the American rock band The Replacements, released on April 29, 1983, by Twin/Tone Records. The album received positive reviews from critics.

Recording and release
Hootenanny was mostly recorded from October 1982 to January 1983 at the Stark/Mudge Mobile Unit warehouse in Brooklyn Center, Minnesota, which was described in the liner notes as "a warehouse in some godawful suburb north of Mpls". The tracks "Run It" and "Within Your Reach" were recorded at Blackberry Way, while the song "Treatment Bound" was recorded "in the basement". The album was released on April 29, 1983, by Twin/Tone Records. According to the record label, Hootenanny sold more than 38,000 vinyl copies. In 2008, The album was remastered and reissued by Rhino Entertainment, containing seven additional tracks and liner notes by Peter Jesperson. The album's cover art, created by fellow Minneapolis musician and Hüsker Dü drummer, Grant Hart, under the alias of "Fake Name Graphx", is based on the 1963 Crestview Records compilation album The Original Hootenanny.

Music and lyrics
Hootenanny is often regarded as the first release on which The Replacements began to branch out from the "breakneck punk" that characterized their earlier work, through the incorporation of various genres such as blues, country, rockabilly, and boogie. The opening track "Hootenanny" features a rearranged lineup of Chris Mars on lead guitar, Tommy Stinson on rhythm guitar, Bob Stinson on bass guitar, and Paul Westerberg on drums and vocals, while "Within Your Reach" features Westerberg on all instruments and vocals. The lyrics for the song "Lovelines" were largely taken verbatim from the classifieds section of an issue of City Pages, a Minneapolis newspaper. The surf-instrumental "Buck Hill" takes its name from a small skiing area in Burnsville, Minnesota, just a few miles south of Minneapolis. "Mr. Whirly" is a parody of the Beatles track "Oh! Darling" (with the opening bars of "Strawberry Fields Forever") and bears the writing credit "mostly stolen" on the record label.

Critical reception
Hootenanny received positive reviews from critics. Jon Young, in a 1983 Trouser Press review, said that the Replacements play "with all the delicacy of a garbage compactor," and that "their joyful noise may shock you, but it'll add excitement to your life." The album was ranked number 30 in The Village Voice's 1983 Pazz & Jop critics' poll. In a retrospective review, Noel Murray of The A.V. Club felt that Hootenanny "brims with personality, and though The Replacements' real masterpieces were ahead of them, their second LP was a deck-clearer that gave Westerberg the confidence to mature. It's just too bad that he never again made an album this straight-up fun."

Personnel

 * The Replacements
 * Paul Westerberg – rhythm guitar, vocals (drums on track 1, all instruments on track 7)
 * Bob Stinson – lead guitar (bass on track 1)
 * Tommy Stinson – bass (rhythm guitar on track 1)
 * Chris Mars – drums (lead guitar on track 1)

title: Hootenanny (The Replacements album)


text:
Ken Kennedy

Ken Kennedy may refer to:

 * Kenneth Kennedy (speed skater) (1913–1985), Australian Olympic speed skater
 * Kenneth A. R. Kennedy (1930–2014), American anthropologist
 * Kenneth Kennedy (bishop) (died 1943), Anglican bishop in India, 1926–1936
 * Ken Anderson (wrestler) (born 1976), professional wrestler who used ring name Ken Kennedy, better known as Mr. Kennedy
 * Ken Kennedy (computer scientist) (1945–2007), computer scientist from Rice University, father of High Performance Fortran
 * Ken Kennedy (rugby union) (1941–2022), Ireland international rugby union footballer

title: Ken Kennedy


text:
Talk:Ionian school (philosophy)

Untitled
I am starting to expand this page, by pasting in one paragraph per philosopher. Ordering of these philosophers, and dealing with duplication of facts will be dealt with soon. WhiteC 22:52, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

I need to figure out how much to separate presocratic cosmologists from Ionian School. Some important cosmologists did not study in Ionia at all, and many were Eleatics--ie: came from Elea in Sicily. Empedocles, for example, was not an Ionian, but affected the later cosmology of Anaxagoras who was. Yeeuk! I suppose I should put dates in here, and start ordering things now, so it is more evident who came first.

I should also put in links to important presocratic cosmologists who did not come from Ionia, but influenced later Ionians, but I don't think I should include them as members of the Ionian school.

In addition, maxny of the pages for these individual philosophers need work. Some pages do not exist at all, and some refer only to non-philosophers with the same names as the philosophers.

Any help would be appreciated, particularly with the articles on individual philosophers. WhiteC 01:14, 18 September 2005 (UTC)

TO DO list
Ok, feel free to add things, or make comments if you disagree, or can help at all...

 * The following individual philosophers' articles need work:
 * Hippon of Samos needs an article. Making a stub would be a good start.

 * Precisely define who is included in the Ionian School and why. It seems to be just people who worked in Ionia or came from Ionia (judging from the list in the original paragraph from the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannia artcile), but this should be checked for all philosophers on the list.  (I had added several cosmologists to this list, but this was probably a mistake, I'll list questionables below here)
 * For each individual philosopher listed, briefly give link to Ionia: Why should this philosopher be considered part of the Ionian school (born, studied, heavily influenced by, etc)?
 * Empedocles might not even belong on this list, unless I can find the link to Ionia.
 * Diogenes Laertus same thing, even though he was on the 1911 list. Perhaps just influence for him?

 * Figure out how to deal with cosmology as the main thread linking these philosophers, but to include info about non-Ionian cosmologists.
 * For each Ionian philosopher, mention bio, cosmology, and finally other philosophical thougths. Give each one paragraph.
 * For non-Ionian philosophers, mention only dates, areas/schools they were part of, cosmology, and which Ionian philosophers they influenced. Hopefully, they can have shorter paragraphs than the Ionians :-)

 * Make this a category, and include it as a subcategory under presocratic philosophy.
 * Add the category to relevant philosophers' articles

Well, that is the list as of now... WhiteC 01:45, 18 September 2005 (UTC)

Three very similar articles?
It just seems to me that having the three articles on the Ionian School, the Ionian Enlightenment, and the Milesian School seems a little superfluous, especially considering the fact that much of the content of the three articles read like quick rehashes of one another. Maybe this issue is one which is slightly more significant to the other two articles, but it would seem to me that either a merger of some or all of the articles or a major reworking to clarify/refine the articles so as to better address the distinct aspects of the three areas of the topic is in order. What does anyone else think?

 * Done  - car chasm (talk) 03:59, 14 September 2022 (UTC)

Point about Archelaus
The page notes that there is no information about Archelaus in the article for that name. I checked in Bertrand Russell's History of Western Philosophy and he is not mentioned in there either. King Archelaus is mentioned however. Also, a philosopher named Arcesilaus is mentioned: he was head of the Athenian Academy at one point and died as an old man in the year 240BC. Arcesilaus could perhaps be mistaken for Archelaus.

 * Here is a link to a page I found when searching for Archelaus .  I am reading a book "Penguin Classics: Early Greek Philosophy" by Jonathan Barnes at the moment which includes a small bit on Archelaus.  He was supposedly one of Socrates' teachers and a follower of Anaxagoras, so that would put him in the 500s BC, although I can't find any exact dates.  He is a bit obscure, but thanks for your help.  I will get back to this page when I finish the book in a week or 2.  WhiteC 08:06, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

Physicalists, Materialists and Whatnot
Eek! How can these ancients have been physicalists when physics was not invented yet? Aristotle came out with the first physics, and it wasn't atomism. The idea of bodies belongs to him. He was post-Socratic.

But, there seems to be a confusion of physicalism and materialism. There is an article on each but they claim to be each other! The physicalists ought to get married to the materialists, but that isn't our task in this article. You see, none of the pre-socratics are materialists, either. It takes a modern to be that, a modern who can assert chance and physical law. Those concepts are foreign to the ancients, which gets to another point.

What do you mean, physiologists? Where does that come from? Aristotle conducted the first known scientific observations in the field. He used them in his biological works. The others like to theorize about cosmology, but not based on any observations, more than anyone else.

Which causes me to wind up the first point. All the pre-socratics believed in spirit and deity. Materialists do not do that. Some of the Pre-socratics theorized about matter and we choose to emphasize that, but because we do that and many of us are materialists, it does not make them so.

And about the "schools." There is no Ionian school. (There is a Milesian School) However, some scholars for convenience lump people from the same place together. One such are Kirk and Raven, authors of a text, "The Presocratic Philosophers." So, if they have done it, so can we. But, let's go on and use the full convenient classification, let's not just plug people in at random.

I think you deserve a medal for taking this on all by yourself. This is mental heroism. I will be making some small changes here and there by way of suggestion. If you don't like anything, by all means alter it or revert it.Botteville 04:05, 30 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Originally I wanted to call these guys cosmologists, rather than physicalists or materialists. I am trying to emphasize that they concentrated on metaphysics (and physics) explaining the world (cosmos) by abstract reason, and not on ethics, logic or any other branches of philosophy.  Some of these other terms (materialist, physicalist) may have crept into the article from bits I copied in from articles on other philosophers.

 * Well, the 'Ionian school' (it seems to me) is just a lumping-together of those philosophers who had links to Ionia. This article and title originally came from the 1911 Encyclopedia Brittanica.

 * My 'taking this all on' is mostly a process of learning pre-socratic philosophy. I have just finished reading Early Greek Philosophy, ed Jonathan Barnes (2nd ed 2001), which is pretty good--it claims to have all the original pre-socratic sources, which actually isn't that much really (the book is less than 300 pages long).  WhiteC 00:38, 31 October 2005 (UTC)

WAIT a MINute!
I just got out all my old texts on Pre-socratic philosopy, and wouldn't you know it, only one refers to anything Ionian, and he calls it the Ionian Thinkers. I have De Vogel, Zeller, Nahm, Windelband, Kirk&Raven, Burnet and Freeman. Moreover, we have members of other schools included in "Ionian School" just because they are Ionian. I changed my mind, that doesn't seem right to me. I'm going to make a proposed organization under Pre-Socratic. Then I suggest you move this article to the other schools and don't even talk about an Ionian school at all. So, I am not going to touch the stuff about materialsm for now, but I hope to see this article disappear and with it all the phony stuff about the Pre-socratics being physicalists and the fake Ionian school.Botteville 04:47, 30 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Blame the old 1911 Britannica article if you want (see my comments above)--if you look at this article's history, you'll see that is what it was to start with. I think you are probably right, but there should be a reference somewhere to the fact that this is sometimes called an Ionian school.

 * Originally, I wanted to write an article about cosmology in philosophy--mostly pre-socratic philosophy. Copleston uses the term 'cosmology' to describe the Milesians in ch2 of the 1st volume of his 'a history of philosophy'.  Perhaps I got distracted by all this Ionian School stuff and should re-name this article, and forget about the Ionian School end of it.

 * Anyway, let me know after you have got your pre-socratic organization done and before you delete this. Thanks for your insightful comments!  WhiteC 00:54, 31 October 2005 (UTC)

Deletion of Article?
I think this article should be deleted (see argument above). Perhaps a case could be made for keeping the first paragraph, and strengthening the second paragraph which refers to the Milesian School--which actually WAS a philosophical school. Anyway, if there are any disagreements here, let me know before I nominate for deletion. WhiteC 02:18, 14 November 2005 (UTC)

Milesian school
Shouldn't be these two articles merged? (Milesian school) They deal with the same theme (at least at the first sight). Petr K 17:37, 12 October 2006 (UTC)

Early Socratic Thinkers tone when referencing pre socratic thinkers
There's a decent amount of dialogue (i think) regarding how our first thinkers talked about their contemporaries. I believe even the term "ionian" finds its routes with Aristotle referencing? Regardless, this article in its current state is pointless as stated by others on this page. This page should be dedicated to how, with new eras of modernity, modern thinkers refer to their contemporaries. In conclusion, Aristotle's use of " physiologoi" is weirdly equal to our modern term "Naturalist". This is even stranger compounded with the fact that Aristotle's methods of experimentation were not too unequal with his fairly recent contemporaries, the ionian school. Where is the mention of this conversation??? Major flaw in this article. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Jarnacle (talk • contribs) 23:38, 7 February 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ionian school (philosophy)


text:
Ignite (band)

Ignite is an American melodic hardcore band from Orange County, California. Formed in 1993, their commercial breakthrough album, A Place Called Home, was released in 2000 on TVT Records. Prior to this release, they were well regarded among hardcore fans, thanks in part to constant touring and having visited over 40 countries.

Much of the band's music is socially and politically aware. Ignite actively supports, and has given proceeds to, organizations such as Earth First, Doctors Without Borders, Sea Shepherd, and Pacific Wildlife. Former lead singer Zoltán "Zoli" Téglás has taken account of such issues as environmental concerns and vegetarianism—common topics found on A Place Called Home. The legacy of Soviet Communism in Eastern Europe is another recurring theme, in part because of Teglas' Hungarian background.

History
On May 9, 2005, they filmed a live DVD at The Troubadour with A Dying Dream and Eightyonedays in West Hollywood, California. The DVD was never released due to some technical problems with the quality, but on April 20, 2008, they gathered footage for an upcoming live DVD of their show in Leipzig, Germany.

On July 20, 2005, a deal was announced with Abacus Recordings, a subsidiary label of Century Media Records; the band's album Our Darkest Days was released on the label in May 2006.

The band toured in Europe in 2008. They headlined shows at Persistence Tour 2009. The Pennywise website, on February 16, 2010, announced that frontman Zoli Téglás just recently joined Pennywise.

The band eventually began touring with Zoli in 2014, and began recording the fifth album, A War Against You.

On November 24, 2019, Zoli Teglas stated through a social media post that he will be leaving Ignite in 2020 after their remaining scheduled shows. Teglas has fronted the band since 1994.

On September 17, 2021, Ignite released a new EP with a new singer Eli Santana (of Holy Grail) featuring two songs, "Anti Complicity Anthem" and "Turn XXI".

Current members

 * Eli Santana (2021–present) – vocals
 * Kevin Kilkenny (2000–2003, 2006–present) – guitars
 * Nik Hill (2003–2006, 2018–present) – guitars
 * Brett Rasmussen (1993–present) – bass
 * Craig Anderson (1997–present) – drums

Previous members

 * Joe Nelson (1993–1994) – vocals
 * Randy Johnson (1994) – vocals
 * Zoli Téglás (1994–2020) – vocals
 * Joe Foster (1993–1998) – guitars
 * Brian Balchack (1998–2000, 2005–2018) – guitars
 * Casey Jones (1993–1997) – drums

Studio albums

 * Scarred for Life (1994) Lost & Found Records
 * Family (1995) Lost & Found Records (European version of Call On My Brothers, Conversion Records)
 * A Place Called Home (2000) TVT Records
 * Our Darkest Days (2006) Abacus Recordings (US), Century Media Records (Europe)
 * A War Against You (2016) Century Media Records
 * Ignite (2022) Century Media Records

Other releases

 * Where They Talk EP (1994) Ringside Records
 * Slapshot / Ignite split (1994) Lost & Found Records
 * Battery / Ignite split (1994) Lost & Found Records
 * In My Time EP (1995) Lost & Found Records
 * Ignite / Good Riddance split (1996) Revelation Records
 * Past Our Means EP (1996) Revelation Records
 * Straight Ahead (1997) Rovers Records
 * Ignite / X-Acto split (1997) Ataque Sonoro Records
 * Sea Shepherd Conservation Society EP (1999) Vacation House Records

Compilation appearances

 * Punk Bites (1996) Fearless Records
 * Guilty by Association (1995)
 * West Coast vs. East Coast Hardcore (1995)
 * As The Sun Sets... (1999) The Association Of Welterweights
 * Never Give In: A Tribute to Bad Brains (1999) Century Media Records
 * Punk Chunks Vol. 2 (2002) Lameass Recordz
 * Revelation 100: A Fifteen Year Retrospective of Rare Recordings (2002) Revelation Records
 * The Worldwide Tribute to the Real Oi Vol. 2 (2002) I Scream/Knockout/Triple Crown
 * Our Impact Will Be Felt (2007) Abacus Recordings

title: Ignite (band)


text:
Talk:Hootenanny (The Replacements album)

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text:
Talk:List of Christian terms in Arabic

Bible
The Arabic word for the Bible has not been listed. Marxolang 12:52, 10 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Usually الكتاب المقدس, but that's just an ordinary phrase meaning "The holy book", rather than a special name. Muslims would probably more often call it Tawrat (Old Testament) and Injeel (New Testament). AnonMoos 15:00, 10 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Thanks AnonMoos! The Bible is also called Alkitab in Indonesian (without Kudus, though). Do you mind if your info be added to the list? I could've just copy and paste, but since it is originally from you.. Marxolang 17:19, 10 September 2007 (UTC)

 * I think this should definitely be added. It may only be a general term, but if it's the one used to refer to the Bible, it's certainly relevant to the topic.--C.Logan 16:40, 12 October 2007 (UTC)

Allah
To Freestylefrappe: I don't conceive of this as a page of exclusively Christian words -- and you were the one who added Allah to the list in the first place... User:AnonMoos 21:26, 26 August 2005

 * Right...so...why did u re-add Allah? My removal was not an attack on you; I was explaining my edit for other users. If you look at the List of Islamic terms in Arabic you will see that it is (or was) there. This page is exclusively Christian. freestylefrappe 22:55, August 26, 2005 (UTC)

 * The word Allah comes from proto-Canaanite name of the god El. From El all the Semitic names of God came:  Eloh (Aramaic), Elohim (Hebrew), Allah (Arabic).  —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 66.32.24.230 (talk) 23:40, 5 May 2007 (UTC).

My 2 cents on this....Allah is the literal translation of the word God (which is a Christian word) into Arabic. It is the same trnaslation as Dios is in Spanish. Arabs, Jews, and Christians believe in the same God. Wikipedianinthehouse 22:57, August 26, 2005 (UTC)

 * Christians pray to Allah. I think that it is important that such a list stresses the point that Allah is not an exclusively Muslim word. I think this word should be on both the Christian and Islamic lists. What, exactly, is the point of having a strict rule that says that no vocabulary that might be used outside of the Christian Arab context should be allowed here? Surely, if a word has a high degree of relevence to Arab Christians it should be here. --Gareth Hughes 12:49, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Roman Catholics on Malta, who speak a language derived from Arabic, call God "Alla".
 * In the old Turkish Bible, God is translated as "Allah".
 * Enough reasons, I suppose ... Benne 19:05, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Actually the exact same conclusion has been reached on Talk:List of Islamic terms in Arabic. freestylefrappe 19:21, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I'd rather remove Santa Claus from the list. What's so Christian about Père Noël?
 * No. Santa Claus is a Christian myth and is an important part of Christian culture (arguablly Christmas is pagan, but Christians still use it). freestylefrappe 00:43, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * This thread has long since died, but I still think it's important to note that Saint Nicholas is not quite "a myth". We've just exaggerated the elements of his story over time, and therefore have created a caricature. Additionally, Christmas is emphatically not pagan, though the date it is placed upon (to which it was moved, apparently, to usurp a pagan feast, by drawing the attendance of the large Christian population). There are certainly pagan traditions present in "small-t" traditions (read: cultural customs), but it is important to note that these elements have been "Christianized". In the Orthodox Church, at least, it is not believed that pagan practices are inherently bad, and those which are acceptable to Christianity are incorporates as harmless cultural elements (for example, the burial huts of the Alaskan natives, which were pagan ritual constructs which are still in use, though now topped with a cross by those who have converted).--C.Logan 16:38, 12 October 2007 (UTC)

Not including Allah on the grounds the it is also used by Muslim would be like not including Massih (Messiah) because it is also used by Muslims! On the contrary, this page is exactly the place to dispel the prevalent Western misconception that "the Muslim god Allah" is some exoctic Arabian idol rather than the same whom, Muslims believe, has originally inspired the Bible. Al-Lah litteral means "the God" and is the standart Arabic word for the 'supreme being', whatever your conception of it or your religion is. It can be used by people of any religion, and actually was the word used by Jews, Christians and Pagans alike since long before Islam.

One can look at the pages on "Allah" or "God in Islam" to be sure. -- 23:40, 7 January 2009 82.247.85.103

2019
Im Coptic Orthodox we say Allah it means al illah the God literally Non monotheistic arabs call one of their gods just illah thats the word for god monostheists say the God so Allah ''--14:25, 1 May 2019? 2a01:598:8881:65f4:1:1:f169:498 ''

ˤĪdu l-Mawta
I was never able to find the exact correct spelling of this in Arabic script; maybe somebody else would step in? AnonMoos 02:52, 2 April 2006 (UTC)

RE: ˤĪdu l-Mawta
"عيد الموتى"

If you add vowels to it, it will be: عِيدُ الموْتَى

Hope that helps. --Lord Anubis 15:48, 21 October 2006

 * Thanks, added it to page... AnonMoos 02:32, 22 October 2006 (UTC)

Copt
Also, Qibti (قبطي) should actually be pronounced as " Qubti ". It depends on the arabic region and on the accent, but I believe in pure arabic, it should be " Qubti", as such: قُبْطيّ

--Lord Anubis 15:48, 21 October 2006 (UTC)

 * I don't know that we try to define "pure Arabic" on English Wikipedia. I think that mostly the Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic is used as an arbiter (unless there's some good reason not to rely on it in a specific case).  It lists both forms, but Qibti is listed first... AnonMoos 02:27, 22 October 2006 (UTC)

Baba Nuwayl
Does anybody think that it's worth noting that the word "nuwayl" might be theoretically understood to mean "little gift" in classical Arabic (though I have no idea whether or not it's ever actually been used in that meaning)? AnonMoos 02:52, 2 April 2006 (UTC)

RE: Baba Nuwayl
I don't think Nuwayl can mean "Little Gift". --Lord Anubis 16:02, 21 October 2006 (UTC)

Good Friday
in addition to الجمعة الحزينة, another term for "Good Friday" is: جمعة الآلام (The Friday of Pain, literally).

This also depends on what arabic region you are in.

--Lord Anubis 15:50, 21 October 2006 (UTC)

Brūtistāntī (بروتستانتي)
Altho, in arabic, there's no letter "P", but it is often pronounced in words such as بروتستانتي, or باريس (Paris). People who pronounced باريس as "Barees" instead of "Parees", are often considered uncivilised ! Sometimes, the kurdish letter: پ is used in: پاريس which is pronounced as "P". --Lord Anubis 16:00, 21 October 2006 (UTC)

 * It is right to say that in Arabic there is no letter "P" but it is wrong to say that in Arabic there is no phonetic "P". For the word "Ibtisaam" the "B" is pronounced "P" as "Iptisaam" and the word "Ibtihaal" the "B" is pronounced "P" as "Iptihaal." —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Salimgkhalaf (talk • contribs) 13:20, 7 May 2007 (UTC).

Similarly, there's no letter that sounds like "Ch", although in arabic slang; in Iraq, and around the Gulf Area; lots of words, such as : Kan ( كان) are pronounced as Chan. If words that natively have the Ch letter in them, such as Chelsea, are to be arabised, people tend to write them as تشيلسي (TShelsea), or, (especially in Iraq), the kurdish letter: چ is used, which is pronounced as "Ch", so that it becomes چلسي (Chelsea). --Lord Anubis 16:00, 21 October 2006 (UTC)

 * I don't understand on what basis is this writer saying there is no sound for "Ch" in Arabic?! There is no character that says CH but there is the sound as in "Tsharrafna (we are honored) to meet you." —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Salimgkhalaf (talk • contribs) 13:20, 7 May 2007 (UTC).

Arabic has not been spoken in its pure form for over 700 years now. It is inevitable for people to change their accents and have regional dialects affected by the foreign colonising empires (Turkey (Ottoman Empire), French (Lebanon, Egypt, and West Arabia), British (Middle East and Iraq, Jordan, and Egypt..). --Lord Anubis 16:00, 21 October 2006 (UTC)

 * The Arabic wikipedia article is بروتستانتية, but the first word of the article is الپروتستانتية , so there seems to be some inconsistency there! A year ago, I noticed that that article was listed under پ in an Arabic wikipedia category page listing, but now it seems to be listed under ب.

 * I'm not sure that the letter پ (most prominently used in Persian) is really used all that often in ordinary non-technical Arabic publications, and I've heard a lot of Arabic-speakers in news interviews who have problems pronouncing "p" when they try to speak English, so I would guess that it's still a slightly foreign-sounding pronunciation in Arabic... AnonMoos 14:23, 23 October 2006 (UTC)

 * As an Arab myself, I consider anyone who uses "B" instead of "P" especially in words like "Path", "Pillow", "Pub", I consider them as having a poor level of English. I think most of my english teachers would agree with me on that one. Simply because Arabs are capable of pronouncing the letter "P", it is not as foreign as you might think , words like "Space (bar)" or "Pizza" are pronounced with a P where I come from. Some dishes are called with a letter "P", for example "Paqowta", which is an aramaic word for "Crushed Wheat", are still used in my city of Mosul or in Baghdad where I grew up . Even if we take countries like Lebanon, and Egypt, things like the word "Prestige" are pronounced with a /p/ . But as you have probably noticed, no natively arabic word contains the letter پ. most of them are arabised words from foreign countries. and one such arabised term is "Protestantism".
 * Having said that, there's no letter "p" in the arabic language, and so, any country that uses arabic as an official language will not include the letter پ (persian, kurdish..etc..) in their official texts. And this is why ,I think, it was first listed with a پ, and now with a ب.
 * As for the inconsistancies, I agree with you totally, and I believe the best thing to do is to take the standard arabic form, which is basically a ب (B), but make sure that the original foreign term is included next to it, as such:
 * البروتستانتية Protestantism

 * Another point, the pronounciation of vowels varies a lot. Whilst most people who are not familiar with the word بروتستاني would pronounce it as : Bru-tis-tan-tee, we (as christians) often pronounce it as Pro-طis-طan-طee.   ط   being that special t-like sound. My great grandfather was a librarian and translator for the Protestant Missionaries in Iraq, and this is how he used to pronounce it (I heard).

 * But lets go with standard arabic, ب not پ ,, and next to it the word in english for those who wish to distinguish between the B and the P. -16:10, 23 October 2006 Lord Anubis

Lord have mercy!
Hello. I wanted to add "lord have mercy" to this list, since one hears it constantly in the Eastern churches. I'm pretty sure it's transliterated as Ya rab irham, but I can't write Arabic to save my life, so I was hoping someone could help me out! :) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.208.120.38 (talk) 02:59, 18 June 2008 (UTC)

 * Maybe يا ربي ارحم ? AnonMoos (talk) 05:12, 18 June 2008 (UTC)

Rum
As far as I can tell, ar-Rum mainly means "Romans, Byzantines" (historically also probably Greeks or the Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm), and it's رومي (plural أروام) which means "Greek Orthodox"... AnonMoos (talk) 16:24, 16 August 2008 (UTC)

 * I didn't add it, I just cleaned it up, but that's also my understanding. I have difficulty adding Arabic script on this computer so I figured someone else would catch and fix it. Why don't you just fix it, Rūm just means "region historically covered by Byzantium, esp. Anatolia".  ناهدundefined(dAnāhita)  undefined 18:23, 16 August 2008 (UTC)

The Basmalah
The "alternate spelling" is not actually an alternate spelling. "باسم الآب والابن والروح القدس" spells "bāsm al-Āb..." which is incorrect, it's a weird hybridisation of basmalah and the phrase "bāsm al-Āb...". -- 03:49, 1 September 2008 User:Ogress

 * Sorry I didn't see the above comment before (the fact that it wasn't signed didn't help). In any case bāsm is nonsense, because 1) long vowels don't appear before consonant clusters in Classical Arabic, and 2) normally, the initial alif of words like ism would be retained after the preposition b- (in fact, even the alif of the definite article is  retained after b-).  Omitting the alif is actually a special Qur'anic orthographic contraction.  Depending on whether Arab Christians are kind of associating themselves with Muslim linguistic usages or distancing themselves from Muslim linguistic usages, they could spell باسم الآب or بسم الاب -- and both spellings are used, from what I was able to tell from searching with Google... AnonMoos (talk) 09:16, 8 January 2009 (UTC)

Christian Basmallah
I once saw a photo of a Palestinian Christian religious building with a Basmallah reading "Bismillah ir-Rauf ir-Raheem" (with the usual Islamic "Rahman" changed for "Rauf"). Does anybody have info about this being a form of Christian Basmallah used perhaps only in Palestine? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.247.85.103 (talk) 23:40, 7 January 2009 (UTC)

Nasara?
Is "Nasara" used only by Muslims? Does it come from the name of Nazareth? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.247.85.103 (talk) 23:43, 7 January 2009 (UTC)

 * نصارى is the plural of Nasrani... AnonMoos (talk) 08:54, 8 January 2009 (UTC)

يَسُوعَ
The transliteration for يَسُوعَ, 'Yasū' ',is either wrong or misleading. I know a Christian Arab, and discussed the term while reading the transliteration, and she says it's pronounced more like "yah-soo-ah" and not "yah-soo". I typed the Arabic text in Google Translate, and Google transliteratied it "yasue"

If it is transliteratied correctly, I suggest that Wikipedia change their method of transliterating Arabic. -TheSpaceFace Let's Chat 18:05, 24 May 2017 (UTC)

 * According to the usual Classical Arabic rules, the basic word would be pronounced as IPA [jasuːʕ] (where [ʕ] is a pharyngeal consonant). Of course, this could be followed by a short final i'rab vowel, depending on phonological/grammatical/stylistic context.  I don't think that non-classical Arabic dialects have a place on this article, unless there's some clear connection to prevailing Christian usage... AnonMoos (talk) 17:52, 30 May 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of Christian terms in Arabic


text:
Marayur

Marayur or Marayoor is a town in Devikulam taluk of Idukki district in the southwestern India n state of Kerala. It is located 42 kilometers north of Munnar on SH 17 connecting Munnar with Udumalpet, Tamil Nadu. Marayur is situated at around 990 metres above mean sea level and is the only place in Kerala that has natural sandalwood forests. Ancient dolmens and rock paintings in Marayur date back to the Stone Age. In 1991 Marayur had a population of 9,590.

Demographics
As per 2011 census report, Marayoor grama panchayat had population of 12,399 of which 6,192 are males and 6,207 are females. Total number of households in panchayat is 3,307. Marayoor is the only village in Marayoor panchayat.

History
Marayur claims to be a part of a Stone Age civilization that is as old as 10,000 B.C. It is also home to a later period of large-scale dolmen-building. People migrated from Tamil Nadu to this area when the Madurai king Bangaru Thirumala Nayak was defeated by Chanda Saheb, in the eighteenth century CE. The migrants created five villages, being Kanthalloor, Keezhanthur, Karayur, Marayur and Kottakudi. These villages were called the "Anju nadu", literally meaning "five lands".

Megalithic Dolmens
Also called Muniyaras, these dolmens belong to the Iron Age. These dolmenoids were burial chambers made of four stones placed on edge and covered by a fifth stone called the cap stone. Some of these Dolmenoids contain several burial chambers, while others have a quadrangle scooped out in laterite and lined on the sides with granite slabs. These are also covered with cap stones. Dozens of Dolmens around the area of old Siva temple (Thenkasinathan Temple) at Kovilkadavu on the banks of the River Pambar and also around the area called Pius nagar, and rock paintings on the south-western slope of the plateau overlooking the river have attracted visitors.

Apart from the dolmens of Stone Age, several dolmens of Iron Age exist in this region especially on the left side of river Pambar as is evident from the usage of neatly dressed granite slabs for the dolmens. At least one of them has a perfectly circular hole of 28 cm diameter inside the underground chamber. This region has several types of dolmens. Large number of them are overground with about 70–90 cm height. Another type has a height 140–170 cm. There is an overground dolmen with double length up to 350 cm. Fragments of burial urns are also available in the region near the dolmens. This indicates that the dolmens with 70–90 cm height were used for burial of the remains of people of high social status. Burial urns were used for the burial of the remains of commoners. The dolmens with raised roofs might have been used for habitation of people. Why some people lived in the cemeteries has not been satisfactorily explained.

Rock paintings
Ancient rock paintings are part of Marayur heritage at Attala, Ezhuthu Guha (literally means "cave of writing"), Kovilkadavu and Manala in Marayur panchayat. Attala is situated in the west part of Marayur Township and more than 90 painted motifs can be seen here. The rock paintings of Attala are situated in a colossal east facing rock shelter 1500 meters above mean sea level. Most of the paintings at Attala are abstract designs except for a few human and animal figures.

Ezhuthu Guha rock paintings are sited in the Koodakavu Sandalwood Reserve Forest at Marayur in the Marayur Panchayat at an elevation of 1000 meters above mean sea level. More or less 90 painted motifs can be seen here. However, as the place is the most famous rock art site in Kerala, it attracts a large number of visitors and has been extensively vandalized since it was brought to wide public attention.

Kovilkadavu is less than five kilometers from Marayur town and the place is famous for Neolithic dolmens and rock paintings. Ten 10 painted motifs are located on the south-western slope of the plateau overlooking the Pambar river. There is a rock painting at Manala in Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary of Marayur near the Alampetty tribal settlement. Here, a picture of a deer and a man can be seen. In close proximity to this art site, a new rock painting has been newly discovered.

Topography and Climate
The terrain is highly undulating with altitudes ranging from 500 m at Chinnar to over 2300 m at Nandala malai, and the same varying topography of Marayur can be observed in Marayur with mountains, rain forests, deciduous forests, riparian forests, scrub forests, brooks, Paddy Fields, river, waterfalls, rocky hills, sholas and hamlets. Natural vegetation includes tropical evergreen forests and grasslands. Soil type is forest loam with a high organic matter content. The climate in Marayur is characterized by mild wet winters and hot dry summers. Temperature in winter (November to January) may go down to 20 degrees Celsius and in summer it may go up to 36.2 degrees Celsius. Marayur winter is not frigid cold as considerable sunshine is also characteristic to this region even during rainy winter. Summer is humid and hot with blazing sun. Generally Marayur experience a moderate climate, temperatures varying 21 °C to 27 °C with minimum seasonal variation except in winter. The plains are generally warm but the higher altitudes are cool. The annual rainfall in Idukki district varies from 250 to 425 cm. However, it is also recorded that the annual rainfall had gone up to 700 cm in certain years. The Eastern and North-Eastern regions of the district get very low rainfall in contrast to other areas. This may go up to 150 cm at Marayur, Kanthalloor, Vattavada and Thalayar regions. Marayur and Kanthalloor are virtually rain shadow areas, lying in the eastern side of the Western Ghats.

Flora and fauna

Marayur has more than 1000 species of flowering plants and is a well known repository of medicinal plants. There are 114 endemic species and the sighting of Aibizia lathamii, a critically endangered tree, was recently reported from the dry forests. Chinnar - the wildlife sanctuary in Marayur - has recorded the largest number of reptilian species, including the mugger crocodile, in Kerala. With 225 recorded species of birds, it is one of the richest areas of south India in avian diversity. The forests in Marayur preserve a population of the endangered Grizzled Giant Squirrel. The rare white bison has been recently reported in Chinnar wildlife sanctuary. Other important mammals found are elephant, tiger, leopard, guar, sambar, spotted deer, Nilgiri thar, common langur, bonnet macaque etc. The phenomenon of butterfly migration occurs in between the monsoons.

Maryoor contains a number of sandalwood forests, and is the only place in Kerala where natural sandalwood forest is present. Processing of sandalwood and its associated oil forms part of local economy, a depot near Marayur town supporting this industry. Sandal wood or Santalum album is a parasitic tree having a fragrant and close-grained yellowish heartwood. Sandalwood oil, also known as 'liquid gold,’ is extracted from the roots and wood of sandalwood. This oil is a costly item marketed at a few choosy outlets all over the state. A climate with low rainfall is suitable for the growth of choice sandalwood trees from which good quality oil can be extracted. The 93 km2 Marayur reserve forest is believed to have about sixty thousand naturally grown sandalwood trees, of which nearly 2,000 trees had been allegedly plundered in just one year since January 2004, when the last survey was conducted. The auction rate for first quality Marayur sandal is quoted at ₹1100 per kg, according to forest department sources (2004).

title: Marayur


text:
User talk:MichTheWeird/About

WHo is silph?? silph on AFF????

Joe Mele 12.222.69.144

title: User talk:MichTheWeird/About


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Talk:Channel 61

Merge instead?
Wouldn't it make better sense, rather than cleaning up this article, to merge it in with WQHS-TV? This would seem to make better sense, since the WQHS article covers the whole Channel 61 history. Schuminweb 21:28, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Channel 61


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User:Alex Nisnevich/milestones

Here are some edit milestones that I have reached:

 * 1st edit (on 18:44, 9 March 2005 to Image:Little fighters 2.jpg)
 * 10th edit (on 19:50, 10 March 2005 to Kender)
 * 100th edit (on 18:50, 14 July 2005 to Richard Rusczyk)
 * 500th edit (on 11:30, 2 August 2005 to Votes for deletion/ExamDiff Pro)
 * 1000th edit (on 21:05, 25 August 2005 to Pusoy Dos)

title: User:Alex Nisnevich/milestones


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Professional Technology Temple

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Eugene van der Pijll 16:58, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

Professional Technology Temple
nn BBS - 5 Googles Dlyons493 21:29, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete per nom. also delete the misspelled redirect Porfessional Technology Temple. feydey 23:45, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom. Dottore So 00:01, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity. *drew 01:58, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: User:It is me again and you can do nothing about it.


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Talk:Distortion

Definition of 'Distortion'
Altered def of distortion into more general form. I know its not perfect but better than it was. Any comments on this def would be appreciated. Light current 21:29, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

 * New def does seem better
 * I agree with NeilUK,noise causes a difference,but as such noise and hum are not lumped with standard forms of distortion.Perhaps a section on misc distortion is required? Could include noise,hum,crossover distortion,etc
 * Also,my image on harmonic distortion was removed.I had tagged it wrongly,was that why it was removed? I feel more images are also required on this section to make the different forms clearer.
 * I could contribute means of reducing mentioned distortion as well. Would this be too detailed for Wiki,or would it be useful?Xcentaur 16:58, 12 March 2006 (UTC)

Image of dist w/f removed because it showed a non physically realisable and inaccurate waveform. All cycles should look the same - yours didnt and the wave was going backwards in time which is impossible.--Light current 20:51, 12 March 2006 (UTC)

 * If the "expected" output is for non-linear behaviour, then a deviation from this will be consisdered distortion under this definition. Perhaps it should be that the system output is different from the input, even when the non-distorting effects of frequency-independant gain and delay have been allowed for. Noise causes a difference, but is not usually lumped in with the other distortion mechanismsNeilUK 09:25, 12 March 2006 (UTC)

"Interestingly enough, many solid-state distortion devices attempt to emulate the sound of overdriven vacuum tubes - even though the most famous recordings of distortion were achieved through the use of solid-state effects."

Wheres the proof of this? --60.231.45.69 17:01, 11 December 2005 (UTC) Added what an undistorted signal is to the definition and explicityl excluded noise and hum.

Expressing disrtion in terms of the transfer function shows that there is really only linear distrtion (filtering, that is gain and phase as a function of frequency) and non-linear distortion (gain and phase as a function of input amplitude). I have not had time yet to go through the rest of the entries making them consistent. The "amplitude distirotoin" entry which is currently defined as non-linear is not strictly correct, as even linear disrtiotn can alter the shape, that is the amplitude, of a signal. "Frequency distrtion" is not consistent with all the other "types", where "X disrtion" means disrtion of X, however what is described under frequency disrtirotion is not a disrtirotiorn of frequency (hey, this keyboard can't spell disrtirotoin :-\). Linear disrtiortion affects gain and phase as a function of frequency, group delay is just another way of expressing the phase disrtiortion, it is not a different type of disrtiortoin in its own right. I am a little reluctant to go through the whole article losing the more folksy but inconsistent descriptions, as it is usually me that is saying that Wiki aims a little too high in terms of minimum required knowledge of the reader, but equally I do not want to confuse people by leaving inconsistent terms around. My aim would be to get consistency throughout, in terms of linear and non-linear, with examaples from audio and radio, but not too high a level. Most of the stuff I have added is on "waveform" distortion, the language and concepts apply less so or not at all to images, maps, objects etc, so maybe an explicit seperation of these is in order?. NeilUK 21:15, 12 March 2006 (UTC)

Added a diagram and changed the words around that areaNeilUK 10:43, 13 March 2006 (UTC)

Being an electronic calibration engineer, when I deal with distortion, it's normally to do with measurement (or generation of) unwanted signals. Distortion is a measure of the unwanted signal as a fraction of the fundamental. For example, a signal comprising of a Fundamental 1V @ 1kHz and a Harmonic 10mV @ 2.2kHz. This signal would have 1% distortion (10mV as a fraction of 1V) or -20dB ( 20*log(10mV/1V) ) Could this entry have a section on Distortion in Electronics and the maths to go with it? hrf 15:37, 1 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Yea, I know, I should have seen the link to THD. hrf 07:59, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

Harmonic and clipping
It does not look quite right to me to send to Clipping as main article. Isn't there more than clipping to produce harmonic distorsion? I'm thinking of limited slew rate, for instance. That'll distort the slopes of the sinusoid, and add a lot of harmonics of all orders, if I'm not confused. Saturation of iron in transformer will do something of the kind also. PolBr (talk) 22:23, 28 February 2012 (UTC)

Harmonic vs intermodulation
The article says:

When output is not in this portion, two forms of amplitude distortion might arise
 * 1) harmonic distortion
 * 2) intermodulation distortion

But is it really correct to call them "two forms" of distortion? If you put a single sine wave through a clipper, it produces harmonic distortion. If you put the sum of two sine waves through the same clipper, it produces intermod distortion. — Omegatron 03:15, 30 March 2006 (UTC)

 * With a nonlinear device, you need two input signals to get intermodulation dist. You only need one signal to generate harm dist. See mixer--Light current 17:39, 30 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I agree with what the page says on this!--Light current 22:31, 30 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm asking if it's correct to call them two different "forms" of distortion, since they are caused by the same process and exist in the same device. — Omegatron 05:39, 31 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I think we can call them two different forms since IM gives a lot more mixing products than pure harmonic dist. They are different processes. Both cause distortion but IMD is much nastier as it splatters mixing products all over the place and not in a simple harmonic relationship to the originating signals.(I think)--Light current 05:43, 31 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I know they give different results; it's just that the results depend on the input signal, and not on the device. I guess it's ok to call them "forms", but it seems to me to imply that you can have one without the other, which, as far as I know, isn't true. — Omegatron 14:23, 31 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Yes the cause of the distortion is the same (ie nonlinear device) but the two sorts of dist are treated differently in RF circles as they have greater significance there. I agree that in audio, youll get both sorts with complex programme material as i/p (anything other than a sine wave). But in the RF world the harm dist can be LP filtered out, IM dist generally cant (cos its everywhere). Which is why RF designers are always talking about it!!--Light current 15:00, 31 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Yeah, I guess it's fine the way it is. — Omegatron 15:43, 31 March 2006 (UTC)

OK. Phew!--Light current 17:13, 31 March 2006 (UTC)

I like the way this is phrased:

— Omegatron 00:00, 5 August 2006 (UTC)

Yes that seems to echo what I was saying, but its put in a better way! 8-)--Light current 12:59, 5 August 2006 (UTC)

Distortion and output power
Does distortion actually increase the output power of an amplifier such that the percieved increase in volume is solely due the that power increase? Well, say you had 20% distortion. Does that mean that the output power is increased by 20%? If so, what is 20% in dB? Would you hear any difference in loudness? No! OK. Some fuzz boxes actually do clip. This will double the power out of the amp. This is a 3dB increase. Can you hear a 3dB increase? Yes - just about!--Light current 16:58, 17 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Yes, most intentional distortion is a form of clipping. It allows more area under the curve for the same peak amplitude.  It's a minor issue, but it is slightly louder. — Omegatron 17:12, 17 April 2006 (UTC)

Use of distortion in rock, and any other genre of music
It has intrigued me how greats like Metallica, Nirvana, Alice in Chains, and others have used such an unusual source to provide a more unique and (pun intended) distorted sound. The talk box, wah-wah pedals, and distortion used in "Man in the Box" by Alice in Chains have no match from any rock or band over all. brainybassist 22:59, 19 April 2006 (UTC)

Difference between undistorted and distorted electric guitar?
For example a sound file of an undistorted guitar, and then a distorted guitar?Ollie the Magic Skater 22:44, 11 May 2006 (UTC)

How much should Distortion page cover guitar?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Light_current#Distortion_page:_Guitar_section MichaelSHoffman 19:23, 6 August 2006 (UTC)

A new Wiki entry may be needed: Distortion (electric guitar). It's a special topic and I have info ready to go. I see a tendency to downplay guitar stomp boxes and guitar amps, by reductionistically subsuming them into other, "straight" topics like straight musical instruments, straight amplifiers, and straight distortion as defined by people wearing bowties and sitting in armchairs.

Guitar distortion is an entirely different, distinctive topic. "Straight" treatments of guitar distortion in terms of other existing categories miss the essence by distorting the subject into something it's not. The goals, objectives, and techniques of guitar distortion are utterly different than any other field or isolated topic.

You could be an expert on audio distortion, on guitars, on amplification, on effects pedal circuits, and yet still provide no real insight into the special topic of guitar distortion sounds. Even the existing books on guitar gear have trouble hitting this target, of how to effectively manipulate guitar distortion. Amptone.com; MichaelSHoffman 19:23, 6 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Guitar distortion should go on guitar effects page apart from a brief mention here to say that it is in fact used s a guitar effect. THis page is a general page on distortion; the latest edit to this page tended to unbalance the page far too heavily in favor of guitar dist. Ishall move the remainder to guitar effects and paste Mikes latest edit ther as well.--Light current 19:35, 6 August 2006 (UTC)

Ok, thanks, I'll look at the pages later and continue considering whether a new entry is needed that gives a proper central focus to the specific topic of how Rock guitarists shape distortion textures for electric guitar by using guitar amps and guitar effects pedals. MichaelSHoffman 19:51, 6 August 2006 (UTC)

 * If you lokk at Guitar effects page, youll see all your content on distortion there, but the page does need balancing up with the other effects. Im sure you could help there!--Light current 20:03, 6 August 2006 (UTC)

This page should make it clear that guitar distortion is not distortion as defined here, because it is not an unwanted deformation of the signal. Electric guitar effects is a great subject -- of its own. PolBr (talk) 22:14, 8 March 2012 (UTC)

Distortion page: Guitar section
moved from my talk--Light current 20:01, 6 August 2006 (UTC) Hi Light current,

It appears that you hastily reverted my improvements to the Guitar section of the Distortion page without seeing that the result of your reversion contradicts your stated reason for the reversion. Your stated reason for the reversion is that the page isn't about distortion in electric guitar. Yet your reversion caused the page to revert to its old state, which in fact *has* a section about distortion in the context of guitar amplification. ...

The distortion page should either have my improved version of the previously existing guitar amp distortion section, or should have the previous version of the guitar amp distortion section removed, replaced by a link to the other page such as Effects unit or Electric guitar or Instrument amplifier. ... MichaelSHoffman 18:48, 6 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Michael, I have moved your contribution to the revived Guitar effects page where I think it sits more comfortably. I should have done that before rather than reverting > Sorry! It was a bad day yesterday. It may be that the page on effects pedal should be merged int this page. What do you think?--Light current 19:49, 6 August 2006 (UTC)

I agree that the generic "Effects pedal" page should be merged into the "Guitar effects" page, because more guitar-dedicated articles are needed. There are several pages that presume to be instrument-neutral but are in fact all about electric guitar, and should be straightforwardly titled and admittedly positioned as such. The exceptions prove the rule; these are guitar articles and it does more good than harm to position them specifically as such, when they have been written by guitarists for guitarists.

[I moved the list of proposed articles from here to down below.]

The guitar application of a topic should not be subsumed as though it were a minor subcase the subject. Wiki has tended to suppress electric Rock guitar in the technology articles. There is a major precedent supporting my proposal: notice that "Electric guitar" is not subsumed into the "Guitar" article. Neither should Guitar distortion be subsumed into Distortion. Same with Guitar attenuators, and Guitar amps.

Guitar amps are more like an essentially independent subject than a subcase of Amps. Guitar amps have outgrown the Instrument amps page, and Guitar attenuators have outgrown the Attenuator (electronic) page. Guitar applications of technology need their own dedicated pages. Michael Hoffman, BSEE, Amptone.com MichaelSHoffman 20:44, 6 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Link your proposed pages to see whats already here. Do you really think a separate page on guitar distortion is warranted? Or would it be best lumped with all the other guitar effects?--Light current 21:12, 6 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Also theres one you may have missed called Bass instrument amplification--Light current 21:17, 6 August 2006 (UTC)

I linked Effects pedal as well. I didn't see Bass instrument amplification; I see it needs to be cross-linked with Instrument amplifier.

A separate page on guitar distortion is warranted; it is not best lumped with all the other guitar effects. Guitar distortion is the main, major, predominant topic in Rock guitar gear. It's not only a pedal to buy and plug into. It's not merely an effect to add; it's the very essence and central point of reference of Rock guitar tone.

The recent good books on guitar sound (such as Dave Hunter's series), and the magazines (Vintage Guitar, ToneQuest Report), advice to begin with a tube power amp running on the edge of audible distortion, so that as you pluck the guitar strings harder, the amount of distortion and the resulting volume both increase, or pluck less hard to clean-up the tone.

All effects are to be added to that starting-point, that baseline foundation of edge-of-breakup. In that sense, distortion is what electric guitar is all about. Guitar distortion is not a minor subtopic of Guitar amps, nor a minor subtopic of Guitar effects; guitar distortion transcends the separate topics of guitar amps and guitar effects units.

Distortion is the main, central topic in the subject of Guitar signal processing. The burgeoning but controversial field of guitar amp modelling is entirely about various guitar-specific distortion qualities -- it's not about amplification or effects; it's about modelling cataloged varieties of distortion. At the moment, the subject of guitar distortion is spread out among several guitar related and general electronics articles.

The complex and central subject of guitar distortion won't be adequately understood, as long as it is tucked away under "pedals" (which many "amp distortion only" tone-hounds disparage) or "effects" (a term which has overtones of silly unmusical flanging excess obscuring the guitar tone -- obscuring the subtle distortion qualities that have become *the* goal for many guitar tone purists).

The large subject of "distortion basics for guitarists" would outgrow an effects listing. MichaelSHoffman 22:09, 6 August 2006 (UTC)

 * OK. Go to it! 8-)--Light current 00:48, 7 August 2006 (UTC)

Proposed Article Titles and Changes
--- FINAL PLAN ---

GUIDING PRINCIPLE: Articles about guitar gear should have 'guitar' in the title.

JUSTIFICATION: The distinction between general theory about a technology, versus the popular *application* of that technology to electric Rock guitar, justifies a set of articles explicitly devoted, in the title, to *guitar* application. Several articles claim in their title to be general-focused, when in fact, they are focused largely or almost exclusively on guitar application. Titles should match common, de facto, popular usage.

PROPOSED ARTICLE TITLES AND CHANGES:
 * Guitar
 * Electric guitar

 * Effects unit
 * Guitar effects - move most content from "Effects pedal"
 * Effects pedal - move most content to "Guitar effects"

 * Electronic amplifier
 * Instrument amplifier - move most content to "Guitar amplifier"
 * Guitar amplifier - move most content from "Instrument amplifier"
 * Bass instrument amplification

 * Distortion
 * Distortion (guitar) - move general distortion content from "Guitar effects"

 * Attenuator (electronics) - move guitar aspects to "Power attenuator (guitar)"
 * Power attenuator (guitar) - move guitar aspects from "Attenuator (electronics)"

-- Michael Hoffman, BSEE, Amptone.com MichaelSHoffman 17:13, 7 August 2006 (UTC)

Any final comments before this is implemented?

 * I assume you will be leaving something under instrument amplifier for those musical insts that are not guitars. Otherwise, it looks fine to me 8-)--Light current 17:17, 7 August 2006 (UTC)

Yes. Thanks. MichaelSHoffman 17:20, 7 August 2006 (UTC)

The Instrument amplifiers page was almost entirely about guitar amplifiers, but was positioned as though generic; as a result, the topics of other instrument amps, hi-fi amps, and circuit design are still entangled into the subject of guitar amps, in both articles.

I'd be glad to see people improve this refactoring, but it would introduce a real problem if anyone were to revert one of these pages in isolation. Please discuss here before making any such major changes -- let's move *forward* please.

The refactoring is done. Fine-tuning is invited. MichaelSHoffman 07:50, 8 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Well maybe someone should try to break out hifi and other inst amps from the guitar articles? What do you think 8-?--Light current 17:12, 10 August 2006 (UTC)

In the Guitar amplifier article, sentences about hi-fi amps, amps intended for other instruments, and amps for bass should be moved to the respective articles: Amplifier(?), Bass instrument amplification, or Instrument amplifier. I've merely added that guitar amps are used to warm up drum loops, to give keyboards or cello a guitar-amp distortion sound, and for blues harp. MichaelSHoffman 02:20, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

"Optics" should be retitled to "2-dimensional distortion", to distinguish it from phase/amplitude/frequency distortion in fiber optics. 2006-08-19 20:34.

Great job! As the original and for a long time the only author of the old instrument amplifier article, I think you've done well (so far... an article is never finished, of course). Andrewa 07:13, 4 October 2006 (UTC)

Distortion pleasing.. What ?
The slight distortion of analog tapes and vacuum tubes is considered pleasing in certain music listening situations. I read this sentence several times without understanding anything. I have been in this business for quite a long time and I don't remember anybody thanking me for the distortion. Besides, classifying the tapes and triods together may be new idea. I hate to interfere. But I feel this statement must be cleared out. Nedim Ardoğa (talk) 19:18, 11 January 2011 (UTC)

 * The statement is not supported in the article body so I have removed it. --Kvng (talk) 17:12, 12 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Triodes are more useful in preamplifier stages. Output stages often used push-pull pentodes. I was "in the music business" a long time ago, you see. Magnetic tape recording/playback has its own non-linearities, alignment issues, and compensations, along with its own distortions, much depending on the quality and adjustment of the record/playback equipment. While I have a sense of where the removed statement is coming from, I do agree that it is best left out of the article until someone finds reliable sourcing for it. __ Just plain Bill (talk) 20:22, 12 January 2011 (UTC)

 * This sort of material is probably better included in Distortion (music) or somesuch. --Kvng (talk) 13:50, 13 January 2011 (UTC)

Harmonic distortion vs intermodulation distortion
This article seemed to suggest that intermodulation distortion is a kind of harmonic distortion, whereas what I've read on distortion indicates they are two very different things: harmonic distortion produces harmonics that are whole number multiples of an original frequency whereas intermodulation distortion produces inharmonic partials that are the sum or difference of frequencies within a signal. In fact, I've seen the later called "inharmonic distortion".

So, I changed the article so that it no longer reads like intermodulation distortion is a subset of harmonic distortion.

And, yes, I saw the discussion above. As it stands, the basis for categorizing "intermodulation distortion" as "harmonic distortion" is a dead link to one guy's opinion. So far, my searches on Google Books indicate it's fairly standard practice in audio engineering texts to draw stark distinctions between these two things (and not just the folly of the "popular press"!). --Atlantictire (talk) 10:32, 12 May 2011 (UTC)
 * Well, "intermodulation distortion" as "harmonic distortion" are both caused by non-linearities. Mange01 (talk) 14:57, 12 May 2011 (UTC)
 * Perhaps it would be better to call that section non-linear distortion, and make "harmonic" and "intermodulation" subsets of that. I've only been looking at texts by sound engineers, but I'm suspicious that other fields may not consider these distinctions as important. So "non-linear" distortion with subcategories "harmonic" and "intermodulation" and an explanations that some fields class intermodulation as harmonic distortion (if this is indeed the case!)

 * But then that begs the question: are the other categories listed linear distortion?--Atlantictire (talk) 16:08, 12 May 2011 (UTC)

Distortion in Aerospace
There's another type of distortion that none of the Wikipedia articles I've seen covers -- distortion of a field variable in an aerodynamic / aerospace application. Distortion is a measure of unevenness in the profile of a field variable. The most common example is the total pressure distortion at the inflow face of a fan or compressor. The formula for distortion is simple: D = (Fmax - Fmin) / Faverage, usually expressed as a percentage. I'm not sure if this use of the term distortion is appropriate on this page or elsewhere, but I wanted to suggest it as an addition somewhere.

Mermaldad (talk) 18:13, 6 July 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Distortion


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Fluzey

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Eugene van der Pijll 16:57, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

Fluzey
(1) dicdef (2) apparently hoax (I couldn't find anything relevant on Google or OneLook) (3) almost-but-not-quite patent nonsense. Delete. Nowhither 21:30, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - a rare mispelling of floozy if anything. Dottore So 00:06, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - per nom. BorgQueen 00:13, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity. *drew 01:58, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Fluzey


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Bois d'arc (disambiguation)

Bois d'arc (Maclura pomifera) is a species of small tree also known as the Osage-orange.

Bois d'arc may also refer to:

Places

 * Bois d'Arc Township, Arkansas, a place in Arkansas
 * Bois D'Arc Township, Montgomery County, Illinois
 * Bois d'Arc, Kansas
 * Bois D'Arc, Missouri
 * Bois d'Arc, Texas
 * Bois d’Arc Lake, Texas
 * The original name of Bonham, Texas

Other uses

 * Bois d'Arc Cooperative Dairy Farm Historic District, a historic district in Pettis County, Missouri
 * Bois D'Arc Creek, a river in Texas

title: Bois d'arc (disambiguation)


text: User talk:129.106.230.72

title: User talk:129.106.230.72


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Eric Heisserer

Eric Andrew Heisserer (born 1970) is an American filmmaker, comic book writer, television writer, and television producer. His screenplay for the film Arrival earned him a Best Adapted Screenplay nomination at the 89th Academy Awards in 2016.

Career
Heisserer's professional screenwriting career was launched with the sale of The Dionaea House to Warner Bros. in 2005, based on an online epistolary story of the same name that he wrote from autumn 2004 to winter 2006. The Dionaea House was a multimedia novel told across multiple blogs run by fictional characters, and concerned an ominous house that existed in multiple places across the United States. It is considered to be one of the first popular creepypasta stories. He then developed an original television pilot for Paramount Pictures and CBS, and wrote feature projects for Jerry Bruckheimer Films and Warner Bros. In 2007, he sold a pitch to Regency Enterprises and Fox called Inhuman, a supernatural thriller set in Tokyo that combines live action and anime sequences, as well as a coming-of-age horror script titled Dustycats, about a teenage girl who discovers she transforms into a werecat when aroused.

In December 2008, Heisserer was hired to re-envision and rewrite the script for the franchise reboot of A Nightmare on Elm Street, produced by Platinum Dunes. An early draft had been written by Wesley Strick. The script went on to land director Samuel Bayer, actor Jackie Earle Haley, and began filming in May 2009.

He rewrote the prequel to director John Carpenter's 1982 remake The Thing. In April 2010, Heisserer signed on to write Final Destination 5, the fifth film of the horror film franchise.

Heisserer made his directorial debut with the film Hours, starring Paul Walker. Heisserer co-wrote The Conjuring 2 along with the brothers Chad Hayes and Carey Hayes. Heisserer wrote along with artist Felipe Massafera and Colorist Wes Dzioba, the comic book series Shaper.

Heisserer wrote the 2016 film Arrival based on Ted Chiang's short story "The Story of Your Life". Heisserer has said that he was attracted to the challenge of adapting the non-linear story by its emotional content. After the release of the film, he was nominated for Best Adapted Screenplay at the 89th Academy Awards.

In July 2017, Heisserer announced that he was developing a science fiction series based on another Ted Chiang's story, "Liking What You See: A Documentary", for AMC. The series will explore concepts such as beauty, relationships, and advertising.

On September 27, 2017, there was an announcement that Heisserer would write the script for the live-action remake of the sci-fi romance anime Your Name. By September 2020, he was replaced by Lee Isaac Chung and Emily V. Gordon.

Heisserer wrote the script for Bird Box (2018), based on the thriller book Bird Box, by Josh Malerman. Released by Netflix, the film stars Sandra Bullock and was directed by Susanne Bier.

Heisserer formerly served as creator, head writer, show runner, and executive producer of the adapted 2021 Netflix series Shadow and Bone, an adaptation of the fantasy book series The Grisha Trilogy and the Six of Crows Duology. The show ran for two seasons before being cancelled by Netflix in November 2023.

Personal life
Heisserer is the son of Margaret L., a senior editor for a publishing company, and Andrew J. Heisserer, a professor of ancient history, of Norman, Oklahoma. Heisserer married television producer/writer Christine Boylan in 2010. His previous marriage ended in divorce.

Heisserer identifies as agnostic.

Filmography
Film

Television

Books
He wrote the book "150 Screenwriting Challenges", containing exercises to help screenwriters develop their skills. It was published in November 2013.

title: Eric Heisserer