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Boaz Myhill

Glyn Oliver "Boaz" Myhill (born 9 November 1982; ) is a former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He represented the Wales national team from 2008 to 2013.

Born in the United States to an American father and Welsh mother, Myhill grew up near the England–Wales border in Oswestry, England, from the age of one. He came through the youth ranks of the English club Aston Villa, and made two appearances for the England under-20 team in 2002. In 2003, he moved to Hull City, where he established himself as first-choice goalkeeper and made 277 appearances over the next seven years. He had played for West Bromwich Albion since 2010, except for the 2011–12 season, which he spent on loan at Birmingham City. Myhill re-joined Albion in July 2018, following the expiration of his previous contract with the club. In 2019, he became the West Bromwich Albion Professional Phase Development Goalkeeping Coach.

Early life
Born in Modesto, California, the son of an American father and a Welsh mother from Llangollen, Myhill moved to England at the age of one. He attended and played football at the Marches School, Oswestry. He also played football for Oswestry Boys Club, although not always as a keeper.

Myhill's parents originally intended to name him Boaz, a Hebrew name which they encountered and liked while travelling in Israel, but were dissuaded from doing so by relatives. Nevertheless, Myhill has been called Boaz, rather than by his official name Glyn, throughout his life.

Aston Villa
Myhill joined Aston Villa at the age of 12, working at Villa Park with Mark Bosnich, David James, Peter Schmeichel and Peter Enckelman. He signed his first professional contract with Villa in November 2000.

In January 2002, a 19-year-old Myhill was signed on a one-month loan by Stoke City, to provide backup to their then first-choice keeper, Neil Cutler. Myhill was recalled by Aston Villa just a week into this loan period.

Following his spell at Stoke, Myhill spent a three-month period on loan at Bristol City, where he was an unused substitute for 18 of City's 19 matches during the loan period. He missed Bristol City's Football League Trophy match with Queens Park Rangers due to a call up to England's Under-20 international side.

Myhill's first-team debut arrived whilst he was on loan in November 2002, to First Division club Bradford City. He conceded five goals on his debut, and made just one further appearance.

After a brief trial period, Myhill joined Macclesfield Town for a three-month loan period at the start of the 2003–04 season.

Although Macclesfield boss David Moss was eager to extend Myhill's loan period after 16 impressive appearances by the keeper, Myhill was loaned by Aston Villa to Stockport County at the end of 2003.

Hull City

Hull City manager Peter Taylor moved quickly once it became apparent that Stockport were lining up a permanent deal for Myhill. Considering Hull to be a more appealing prospect, Myhill signed a two-and-a-half-year contract with the club on 13 December 2003 at the cost of £50,000 to the East Yorkshire club.

Since signing for Hull City, Myhill's progress won over the Hull fans as he quickly became their first-choice 'keeper and played a key part in two back-to-back promotion seasons, which took Hull up from the old Third Division to the Championship, missing only one league match in the 2004–05 season.

In the 2005–06 season, Myhill was again in fine form and again missed only one league game, through suspension after a controversial sending off for handling the ball outside his area in a game against Queens Park Rangers. In one memorable match at Stoke City he saved two penalties, prompting chants of "Myhill for England" from the travelling fans. At the end of the season he was named as the club's Player of the Year, and was the highest-ranked goalkeeper in FourFourTwo magazine's list of the top 50 Football League players. He was rewarded with a new, improved contract running until June 2008. Myhill signed a new three-year contract with Hull in August 2007. He was part of the Hull City team which won promotion to the Premier League for the first time in May 2008, and along with teammates Ian Ashbee, Andy Dawson and Ryan France, joined an elite band of players to have taken their club up through four divisions. In 2009, he was briefly dropped from the team in favour of Matt Duke but regained his position for the final six games of the season.

After impressive performances at the start of the 2009–10 season, he was rewarded on 3 September 2009 with a new contract, taking him to June 2012. On 16 January 2010, Myhill was acclaimed for his performance in Hull's surprise 0–0 draw at top-four Tottenham Hotspur, which took the "Tigers" out of the relegation zone.

Myhill left Hull City having represented the club in all four divisions of the English Football League, a rare occurrence in English football.

West Bromwich Albion
Myhill signed for newly promoted Premier League team West Bromwich Albion on a three-year contract on 30 July 2010 for an officially undisclosed fee of £1.5 million.

Birmingham City loan
Myhill joined Championship club Birmingham City on loan on 29 July 2011, changing places with Birmingham goalkeeper Ben Foster for the 2011–12 season. He made his debut for the club on the opening day of the season, playing the whole of a 2–1 defeat at Derby County. Myhill kept a clean sheet in the Europa League play-off round first leg against Portuguese club Nacional, a match which marked his European debut and the first time his club had participated in major European competition for nearly 50 years. He remained the first-choice goalkeeper for League matches for most of the season, missing the last few matches because of an injured thumb, alternating in the Europa League with Colin Doyle, who played in the domestic cups.

Return to West Brom
On 24 July 2015, Myhill signed a two-year contract extension that would keep him at the club till the summer of 2017.

On 20 June 2018, it was announced that Myhill would leave West Brom upon the expiration of his contract. However, on 31 July 2018, West Brom announced that they had re-signed Myhill on a one-year deal.

He was released at the end of the season in July 2019. On 4 September 2019, it was announced that he had become the Professional Phase Development Goalkeeping Coach at West Brom, ending a nine-year playing career with the club.

International career
Myhill made international appearances for the England Youth and England U20 teams, but this did not affect his eligibility to play for the United States or any of the home nations. He was offered the chance to play for Wales in early 2006, but declined due to family reasons. He was eventually called up for the first time for Wales on 17 March 2008 due to Wayne Hennessey returning to the U21 side in order to help them qualify from their group. He made his debut on 26 March coming on as a halftime substitute for Lewis Price during a 2–0 win over Luxembourg. He has mostly been deputy to first-choice Hennessey. Myhill retired from international football in May 2014.

Honours
Hull City
 * Football League One runner-up: 2004–05
 * Football League Championship play-offs: 2008

Individual
 * Football League Golden Glove: October 2011

title: Boaz Myhill


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Parafunctional activity

A para-functional habit or parafunctional habit is the habitual exercise of a body part in a way that is other than the most common use of that body part. In dentistry, orthodontics, and oral and maxillofacial pathology, the body part in question is usually the mouth, tongue, or jaw. Oral para-functional habits may include bruxism (tooth-clenching, grinding, or both), tongue tension ("tongue thrusting"), fingernail biting, pencil or pen chewing, mouth breathing, and any other habitual use of the mouth unrelated to eating, drinking, or speaking.

Crenated tongue is when scalloping develops on the lateral margins of the tongue as a result of habitual forcing of the tongue against the teeth.

Contrary to common belief, functional activities such as chewing are not the main cause of tooth wear. Parafunctional habits are the most destructive forces for several reasons. Whereas teeth rarely come into contact during normal chewing, grinding of teeth may occur 1-4 hours in a 24-hour period, most often during sleep. The amount of pressure placed on teeth during functional habits is 140 - 550 kPa, but the pressure can range from 2 - 20.7 MPa during parafunctional habits. The direction of forces during functional habits is placed vertically along the long axis of teeth, which is the least harmful because of the anatomical structure of the attachment of teeth to the bone. On the other hand, parafunctional habits direct their forces horizontally. Normally, the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) acts as a class III lever, which helps to restrict the amount of force generated. Class I or class II levers may be created during bruxism, which generates more force from the same amount of muscle activity and subsequently delivers more force to the teeth.

Extreme force upon the teeth can occur during some situations as a protective reflex. When a person senses the risk of an imminent car crash, for example, the teeth arches are normally firmly occluded. This overclenching is still considered parafunctional, although it serves a functional purpose; the maxillomandibular complex is much less vulnerable to harm and dislocation because it is bonded by muscles and interposed teeth. When this kind of reflex acts, having a good memory of one's "best bite" position helps avoid fractures. It is one hypothesis for why military jet pilots crack more teeth than auxiliary crew.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Parafunctional activity


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Abang Openg

Abang Openg bin Abang Sapiee (ابڠ حاج اوڤيڠ بن ابڠ شافعي; 7 October 1905 – 28 March 1969) was a Malaysian politician who served as the first Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Sarawak from September 1963 to his death in March 1969. He assumed the newly established post following Sarawak's independence from Great Britain and the formation of Malaysia in 1963. He is the father to Abang Abdul Rahman Zohari Abang Openg, the current Premier of Sarawak.

Early life and career
Abang Openg was born on 7 October 1905 during the White Rajahs of Brooke dynasty's rule. Abang Openg's first great-grandfather was Datu Patinggi Haji Abdul Gapor, the former governor of Sarawak preceding James Brooke's era. Moreover, Abang Openg was the third-generation descendant of Datu Patinggi Ali and a direct descendant of Raja Jarum.

Abang Openg had his early education in Kuching before moving to Sarikei with his father. He attended St. Anthony School in Sarikei before returning to Kuching to continue his education at St. Thomas School.

As a 19-year-old man of the descendants of the elite with title Abang, Abang Openg chose to enter the Brooke administration as a clerk in 1924. He was elevated to senior officer of native affairs in Sarikei after serving for eight years. He was appointed third-class magistrate in 1937.

White Rajah Charles Vyner Brooke gave Abang Openg a special appointment, and he was afterwards appointed to a member of the state council. He was elevated to second-class magistrate and Kuching Division native affairs first officer in early 1941, just before World War II.

Abang Openg held the principle of choosing to be loyal to the Brooke rule until the Japanese surrender in September 1945. When Vyner decided to cede Sarawak to Britain, Abang Openg and several other Brooke officials opposed the decision.

Honours of Malaysia

 * 🇲🇾 Malaysia :
 * MY Darjah Yang Mulia Pangkuan Negara (Defender of the Realm) - SMN.svg Grand Commander of the Order of the Defender of the Realm (SMN) – Tun (1964)

 * Sarawak:
 * MY-SAR Order of the Star of Sarawak - 2 ribbon PNBS -JBS-PBS-ABS-BBS.svg Knight Commander of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of Sarawak (PNBS) – Dato,' now Dato Sri (1954)

Foreign honour

 * 🇬🇧 United Kingdom:
 * Order of the British Empire (Civil) Ribbon.svg Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) (1962)

Namesakes
Several places were named after Abang Openg, including:

 * Tun Abang Haji Openg Digital Centre (TAHODC) in UNIMAS Samarahan, the main centre for information and communication technology (ICT) in the university
 * SMK Tun Abang Haji Openg, a secondary school in Kuching
 * Jalan Tun Abang Haji Openg in Kuching
 * Jalan Tun Abang Haji Openg in Sibu
 * Jalan Tun Openg in Tanjung Kidurong, Bintulu
 * Jalan Abang Haji Openg in Taman Tun Dr Ismail, Kuala Lumpur

title: Abang Openg


text:
User talk:Johnashby

Welcome
Hello , and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! --Lord Voldemort (Dark Mark) 17:27, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

Please refrain from undoing other people's edits repeatedly. If you continue, you may be blocked from editing Wikipedia. At any rate please do not do more than three reverts in a 24h period. Rather than reverting, discuss disputed changes on the talk page. The revision you want is not going to be implemented by edit warring. Thank you. thanks/Fenton, Matthew Lexic Dark 52278 Alpha 771 13:19, 8 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Matthew, you should follow your own advice. I attempted to open a discussion about the content, per WP:AGF.  You continued to revert my changes.  You have the temerity to claim that I am outside of of Wikipedia policy?  I call shenanigans!  Love that you brought this to my user page, however.  Johnashby 13:46, 8 December 2006 (UTC)
 * I'm actually slightly puzzled why you keep quoting a link to WP:AGF? thanks/Fenton, Matthew Lexic Dark 52278 Alpha 771 13:51, 8 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Because from the beginning you have assumed that I have some nefarious intent regarding the Medium edits. I have no such, but you called my integrity into question by stating that it appeared that I "dislike the lady".  My opinion of Alison DuBois is not material to the discussion, as I have quoted sources already vetted on Wikipedia.  Assuming that I am acting in BAD FAITH is why you continue to see WP:AGF.  Perhaps WP:NPA would be more appropriate ("Comment on content, not on the contributor"), since your central argument appears to be that something is wrong with me? Johnashby 14:00, 8 December 2006 (UTC)

It seems to me that you are acting in an uncivil manner. Please remain civil and don't resort to making personal attacks or instigating edit wars. Will (Tell me, is something eluding you, Sunshine?) 17:40, 10 December 2006 (UTC)
 * I anxiously await your post on MathhewFenton's page as well. I won't hold my breath. From the very beginning he has not adhered to standards, and his argument comes down to "well, I disagree! REVERT."  Pointing this out has been fruitless, even when I used evidence to back up my arguments, it remained the same.  In all honesty, I have been more civil than anyone has deserved regarding this because my point of view has been trampled when I am the only one who has even tried to actually argue a point.

 * Also, to instigate an edit war, I would have had to have actually started the whole enterprise. My good faith edits were reverted with no discussion, as though they were vandalism.  I think that characterizing my behavior on this as uncivil stretches the definition, as I tried to have a discussion from the very beginning about this article, and was rebuffed with irrational naysaying. Johnashby 19:39, 10 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Later curiosity turned up many, many instances of User:MatthewFenton going overboard in reverts and edits. Just check out User talk:MatthewFenton/Archive/Archive 1...it's a litany of complaints about his overzealous use of reverts, copyright rules, and particularly butting up time and time again on the 3RR.

 * I realize that none of this constitutes evidence that he did it this time...but I think the page history did that by itself. At no point was an argument made other than his personal disagreement about the added text to the article, so pointing out to him that he was in violation of WP:AGF was not uncivil:  it was necessary.  If my words rose above a civil tone, I do apologize.  It can be difficult to deal with irrational behavior under the best circumstances, and it is particularly difficult when the person engaging in such behavior started off by questioning my intent as an editor. Johnashby 14:59, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Johnashby


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Nine-primaried oscine

The nine-primaried oscines is a group of bird families in the suborder Passeri (oscines) of the Passeriformes. The composition of the group has changed since the term was introduced but is now considered to consist of seven major families—Fringillidae, Emberizidae, Cardinalidae, Thraupidae, Passerellidae, Parulidae and Icteridae—plus some small families. When Fringillidae is omitted the remaining six families are referred to as the "New World" nine-primaried oscines.

The name of this group arises from the fact that all species within it have only nine easily visible primary feathers on each wing (in reality most, if not all, also have a tenth primary, but it is greatly reduced and largely concealed).

Wallace's classification
In 1874 the British naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace classified the passerines by the number of primary feathers and placed ten families in his nine-primaried group, the Tanagroid Passeres:
 * Motacillidae – wagtails and pipits
 * Mniotiltidae – New World warblers, now in Parulidae
 * Coerebidae – honeycreepers, now in Thraupidae
 * Drepanidae – Hawaiian honeycreepers, later Drepanididae, now in Fringillidae
 * Dicaeidae – flowerpeckers
 * Ampelidae – waxwings, now in Bombycillidae
 * Hirundinidae – swallows and martins
 * Tanagridae – tanagers, now in Thraupidae, and euphonias, now in Fringillidae
 * Fringillidae – finches, plus buntings, now in Emberizidae, and American sparrows, now in Passerellidae
 * Icteridae – grackles, New World blackbirds and orioles

Modern grouping
Six of Wallace's families are now included in the nine-primaried oscines: Mniotiltidae, Coerebidae, Drepanidae, Tanagridae, Fringillidae and Icteridae. The other four families are now known to be less closely related.

Although the New World nine-primaried oscines are most diverse in northern South America, they are widespread throughout the New World including the Greater and Lesser Antilles. They have also colonised the Galápagos (Darwin's finches) and the Tristan da Cunha group in the South Atlantic (Nesospiza and Rowettia in Thraupidae). Two families, the Emberizidae (buntings) and the Calcariidae (longspurs and snow buntings), have colonised the Old World.

The group without the Fringillidae, the New World nine-primaried oscines, is the superfamily Emberizoidea. The superfamily comprises some 870 species or 8% of all birds. It is divided into 16 families:

 * Fringillidae – 228 species: finches and euphonias
 * Rhodinocichlidae – rosy thrush-tanager
 * Calcariidae – 6 species: longspurs and snow buntings
 * Emberizidae – 44 species: buntings
 * Cardinalidae – 53 species: cardinals
 * Mitrospingidae – 4 species: mitrospingid tanagers
 * Thraupidae – 383 species: tanagers and allies
 * Passerellidae – 136 species: New World sparrows, bush tanagers
 * Parulidae – 119 species: New World warblers
 * Icteriidae – yellow-breasted chat
 * Icteridae – 109 species: grackles, New World blackbirds, and New World orioles
 * Calyptophilidae – 2 species: chat-tanagers
 * Zeledoniidae – wrenthrush
 * Teretistridae – 2 species: Cuban warblers
 * Nesospingidae – Puerto Rican tanager
 * Spindalidae – 4 species: spindalises
 * Phaenicophilidae – 4 species: Hispaniolan tanagers

title: Nine-primaried oscine


text:
Lawrence Akandu

Lawrence Chimezie Akandu ( Lawrence, born 10 December 1974) is a former Nigerian-born Hong Kong professional footballer who played as a forward.

Early career
Akandu started his career and made his name as a centre forward but has become a defender.

Akandu moved to Hong Kong from the Polish club Wisła Kraków in 1994. He played for Hong Kong First Division side Frankwell, Five-One-Seven, Tung Po.

In the summer of 2002, Akandu joined Hong Kong Second Division club Kitchee. As a physically powerful centre forward, he scored 15 goals in the 2002–03 season, helping Kitchee earn promotion to the Hong Kong First Division.

Happy Valley
In 2003–04 season, Akandu joined Happy Valley, one of the top team in Hong Kong First Division League. Despite lack of first division experience, he quickly adapted in the competition. He scored ten goals in the first-half season and led the Top Soccer table.

International career
In November 2003, Akandu acquired Hong Kong permanent resident status and played as a striker in the Hong Kong national football team. He scored on his debut for Hong Kong in the East Asian Football Championship 2003 against Korea Republic on 4 December 2003, where he scored the only goal for Hong Kong.

Honours

 * Kitchee:
 * Hong Kong Second Division League: 2002–03

 * Happy Valley:
 * Hong Kong Senior Shield: 2003–04
 * Hong Kong FA Cup: 2003–04

 * Tung Po:
 * Hong Kong Junior Shield: 2005–06

 * Shatin:
 * Hong Kong Junior Shield: 2007–08
 * Hong Kong Third Division League: 2007–08
 * Hong Kong Junior Shield: 2008–09
 * Hong Kong Second Division League: 2008–09

Club
As of 14 November 2009

International
As of 15 January 2007

title: Lawrence Akandu


text:
User:Mattathias

Greetings, I'm Mattathias...

My contributions currently are in:
 * Stargate SG-1
 * Stargate Atlantis
 * Buffy
 * Angel
 * Charmed

I am currently apart of:
 * WikiProject Stargate

title: User:Mattathias


text:
Company of Heroes (video game)

Company of Heroes is a 2006 real-time strategy video game developed by Relic Entertainment and published by THQ for Windows and Mac OS X operating systems. It is the first installment of the Company of Heroes series, and was the first title to make use of the Games for Windows label.

Company of Heroes is set during the Second World War and contains two playable factions. Players aim to capture strategic resource sectors located around the map, which they use to build base structures, produce new units, and defeat their enemies. In the single-player campaign the player commands two U.S. military units during the Battle of Normandy (Operation Overlord) and the liberation of France (Operation Cobra). Depending on the mission, the player controls either Able Company of the 29th Infantry Division's 116th Infantry, or Fox Company of the 101st Airborne Division's 506th PIR.

Company of Heroes received widespread acclaim, winning multiple awards for the best strategy game of the year, and being considered one of the best video games ever made. Two expansions were released: Opposing Fronts in 2007 and Tales of Valor in 2009. A free-to-play massively multiplayer online version of the game, Company of Heroes Online, was briefly released as open beta in South Korea in April 2010, before being cancelled in March 2011.

An iPad version, developed and published by Feral Interactive, was released in February 2020. A version for Android and iOS mobile devices was released in September 2020. An Nintendo Switch version was released in October 12, 2023.

The success of the game led to a sequel, Company of Heroes 2, which was released in 2013. , the Company of Heroes series has sold more than 4 million copies. A film adaptation, also titled Company of Heroes, was released in 2013. The latest installment in the series, Company of Heroes 3, released in February 2023.

Multiplayer
Company of Heroes allows multiplayer matches of 1-8 players via LAN or the Internet. Company of Heroes allows players to fight as both the Allied and Axis forces in multiplayer matches.

For Company of Heroes, developer Relic Entertainment used a new online matchmaking system called Relic Online. Previous Relic games had used GameSpy Arcade or World Opponent Network services. This system includes many features that the previous systems did not have, including a built in automatch and ranking system.

Victory Point Control
These games focus on controlling several victory points around the middle of the map. These victory points can be captured similarly to strategic points. When one side has more victory points under their control than another, the other side's "points" start to decrease. When one side's counter runs out of points, they lose. Alternatively, the player can simply destroy all enemy structures to win the game. Before the start of the game, the host can choose between 250, 500, or 1000 points. The point function in Company of Heroes works much like the ticket feature in the Battlefield series.

Annihilation
Annihilation games lack the victory points of the VPC game mode. To win, the player needs to destroy all enemy buildings excluding observation posts on points.

Plot
On June 6, 1944, the US Army's Able Company, under the command of Captain MacKay and Sergeant Conti, storms Dog White sector on Omaha Beach in Normandy. Preceding them is Fox Company, a 101st Airborne unit that drops into Vierville-sur-Mer, secures the roads to Omaha Beach and assaults Carentan. Able relieves Fox as they repel the German counter-attack on Carentan.

The US Army begins its push towards the port city of Cherbourg. In Montebourg, Able Company defends the Red Ball Express convoys from the elite Panzer Lehr Division commanded by Tiger tank ace Hauptmann Shultz. Supported by USS Texas and other warships offshore, the company then takes the main harbor of Cherbourg in vicious street fighting. Afterwards, Able Company provides armored support to Fox Company as the paratroopers infiltrate and destroy the V2 launch facility at Sottevast.

The focus shifts towards Operation Cobra and the breakout to Saint-Lô. Able Company captures a bridgehead across the river Vire at Saint-Fromond before fighting through the bocage to take Hill 192 outside Saint-Lô. The German garrison in Saint-Lô is encircled and defeated, but the Panzer Lehr escapes. While the US Army Air Forces carpet bomb much of the Panzer Lehr, Able Company's M10 tank destroyers mop up its remaining Panther tanks at Hébécrevon. Shultz evades the American attack, killing Captain MacKay with a parting shot from his Tiger tank.

Able Company is taken off the frontline to garrison Hill 317 outside Mortain, with Conti given command and a field promotion to lieutenant. However, a German armored counter-attack strikes at Mortain; Able defends the hill until relieved and retakes Mortain. The Germans begin to withdraw from Normandy, and Able attacks one escape route at Autry, destroying Shultz and his remaining Tiger tanks with a Pershing tank. By August 19, the German 7th Army is almost encircled in the Falaise pocket. With support from the Air Force, Able Company links with Canadian and Polish forces at Chambois and crushes the German escape, ending the Normandy campaign. A postscript notes that Able Company sustained an 80 percent casualty rate by the end of the war, although Conti survived.

Development
Company of Heroes is Relic's first title to use its Essence Engine, which allows various graphical effects, including high dynamic range lighting, dynamic lighting and shadows, advanced shader effects, and normal mapping. The game was in development for more than 3 years. At its peak, more than 100 people worked on the game.

Company of Heroes also uses the Havok physics engine, giving it a more realistic physics system than previous RTS games. Parts of buildings can be destroyed by grenades, satchels, or mortars, and tanks can drive through sections of walls or other barriers. Smoke created from explosions behaves realistically as possible, including its behavior in wind. Debris is also influenced by explosions; a blast can send barrels flying and shower troops in dirt, while leaving behind a large crater. When infantry are bombarded by artillery, body parts sometimes detach and are dispersed over, and some units are thrown about in the immediate area. Bridges and buildings can be destroyed by engineers using demolitions.

Relic released the Company of Heroes patch v1.70 in May 2007, which included a new DirectX 10 rendering mode with better terrain, more world objects, and improved shadows and lighting. This patch made Company of Heroes the first commercial video game to support Direct3D 10.

Opposing Fronts
Company of Heroes: Opposing Fronts is a standalone expansion pack. It contains two factions; the British Second Army and the Panzer Lehr Division (German Panzer Elite). Owners of Opposing Fronts are able to play against owners of Company of Heroes and vice versa, although only using the armies from the game they own. Owners of both games are able to play all four armies in multiplayer. Opposing Fronts was released on September 24, 2007. It was later re-released along with Company of Heroes as Company of Heroes Gold and later as part of the Company of Heroes Anthology (together with Tales of Valor).

Tales of Valor
Company of Heroes: Tales of Valor is a standalone expansion pack. It was released on April 8, 2009.

Reception
Company of Heroes received a "Silver" sales award from the Entertainment and Leisure Software Publishers Association (ELSPA), indicating sales of at least 100,000 copies in the United Kingdom.

Reviews
Upon its release the game received wide critical acclaim. On the review aggregator GameRankings, the game had an average score of 94% based on 57 reviews – making it the fourteenth highest rated PC game of 2006. On Metacritic, the game had an average score of 93 out of 100 based on 55 critic reviews – considered "universal acclaim" by the site.

In June 2011 the game was ranked #51 on IGNs Top 100 Modern Games. Edge ranked the game #30 on its list of "The 100 Best Games To Play Today", stating: "From its lofty perch above an RTS battlefield, Relic gets to the heart of WWII, turning the genre's plusses and minuses into salvation and sacrifice. If only the same could be said of countless first person shooters".

Awards

 * PC Gamer: Game of the Year 2006
 * GameSpy: PC Game of 2006, Best Sound, Best PC Strategy Game, Best PC Multiplayer
 * Satellite Awards: Outstanding Puzzle/Strategy Game
 * GameSpot: Best PC Game 2006, Best Strategy Game
 * IGN: PC Game of 2006, Best PC Strategy Game, Best Use of Sound on PC, Best Online PC game
 * Game Critics Awards: Best Strategy Game
 * GameSpot: 2005 Best PC Game of Show; Best Strategy Game of Show; Best Overall Game of Show
 * IGN: Runner-up, Best Strategy Game (PC), Runner-up, Technological Excellence (PC)
 * GameSpy: Best of E3
 * Mod DB Hall of Fame: Two modifications, Europe in Ruins (2007) and Company of Heroes: Eastern Front (2010), have each earned a spot in the Mod DB Hall of Fame.

The editors of Computer Games Magazine named Company of Heroes the overall best computer game of 2006, and presented it with their special awards for "Best Strategy Game", "Best Sound Effects", "Best Multiplayer" and "Best Voice Acting". They summarized it as "an ideal real-time strategy game", and as "a perfect storm of visuals, sound, and gameplay". During the 10th Annual Interactive Achievement Awards, the Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences awarded Company of Heroes with "Strategy Game of the Year", along with receiving nominations for "Computer Game of the Year", and outstanding achievement in "Game Design", "Gameplay Engineering", "Sound Design", and "Visual Engineering".

title: Company of Heroes (video game)


text:
User:SeanCK

Hey, this is the SeanCK user page. Here are some basics about me:
 * Name: Sean Christopher Koehler
 * Age: 23 (b. 7 September 1981)
 * Location: Morningside Heights, New York, NY 10025
 * I have started:
 * O-1 Visa

title: User:SeanCK


text:
User talk:SeanCK

Welcome
Hello , and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! --GraemeL (talk) 17:33, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:SeanCK


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Transrealism (literature)

Transrealism is a literary mode that mixes the techniques of incorporating fantastic elements used in science fiction with the techniques of describing immediate perceptions from naturalistic realism. While combining the strengths of the two approaches, it is largely a reaction to their perceived weaknesses. Transrealism addresses the escapism and disconnect with reality of science fiction by providing for superior characterization through autobiographical features and simulation of the author's acquaintances. It addresses the tiredness and boundaries of realism by using fantastic elements to create new metaphors for psychological change and to incorporate the author's perception of a higher reality in which life is embedded. One possible source for this higher reality is the increasingly strange models of the universe put forward in theoretical astrophysics.

Its main proponent and prominent figure is science fiction author Rudy Rucker. Rucker coined the term "transrealism" after reading Philip K Dick's A Scanner Darkly described as "transcendental autobiography," and expounded the principles of transrealism in a short essay titled "A Transrealist Manifesto" in 1983. Rucker applied many of these principles in his short stories and novels, notably White Light and Saucer Wisdom. Damien Broderick has identified some other authors that have at some time utilized transrealist tropes to include Martin Amis, Margaret Atwood, Iain Banks, John Barth, J. G. Ballard, John Calvin Batchelor, Jonathan Carroll, Philip K. Dick especially, Karen Joy Fowler, Lisa Goldstein, James Morrow, Thomas Pynchon, Joanna Russ and James Tiptree Jr.

Damien Broderick argues that a state of perception (termed transreality) that is playfully contrary to consensus reality is a prerequisite for writing effective transrealist fiction. The necessary viewpoint is playful in the sense that the author does not need to literally believe the fantastic interpretation of the perception and may support and undermine it through reference to speculative science. An example of this can be seen in Rucker's blog, where he discusses an experience in an airport terminal. In a 2014 essay, Damien Walter argued that science fiction and other literature were increasingly converging, and that the refusal of plot and "archetypal" characters in transrealism is "meant to be uncomfortable, by telling us that our reality is at best constructed, at worst non-existent".

Transrealism's stance against consensus reality identifies it as a postmodern literature akin to surrealism and covering much the same ground as slipstream literature. Transrealism may be considered a subset of slipstream, depending on how the latter term is defined, or as Broderick posits, slipstream may be very nearly the same thing as transrealism. Broderick also argues that the approach to literature offered by science fiction as a whole, including both transrealism and slipstream, becomes more crucial as society possibly approaches a technological singularity.

title: Transrealism (literature)


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Symphony No. 5 (Nielsen)

Symphony No. 5, Op. 50, FS 97 is a symphony composed by Carl Nielsen in Denmark between 1920 and 1922. It was first performed in Copenhagen on 24 January 1922 with the composer conducting. It is one of two of Nielsen's six symphonies lacking a subtitle, the other being his Symphony No. 1.

The Fifth Symphony has a non-customary structure, comprising two movements instead of the common three or four. Written in a modern musical language, it draws on the theme of contrast and opposition. The post-World War I composition is also described as having elements of war.

Composition
There is no documentation of what inspired Nielsen to write his Fifth Symphony or when he started to write it, but it is generally understood that the first movement was composed in Humlebæk during the winter and spring of 1921. He stayed at his summer house at Skagen in the early summer. At the end of July he moved to a friend's home at Damgaard to compose the cantata Springtime on Funen, and was therefore only able to resume working on the second movement of the symphony in September, during his free time from his conducting work in Gothenburg.

The whole symphony was finished on 15 January 1922, as dated on the score. He dedicated the new symphony to his friends Vera and Carl Johan Michaelsen. Having insufficient rehearsal time, the premiere took place only nine days later, conducted by the composer himself at the music society Musikforening in Copenhagen.

Score
A work from the early 20th century, the Fifth Symphony is regarded as a modernistic musical piece. The symphony draws on all of the "deformation procedures" suggested by James Hepokoski regarding musical modernism: breakthrough deformation, introduction-coda frame, episodes within developmental space, various strophic/sonata hybrids and multi-movement forms in a single movement. Its fragmented nature, unpredictable character and sudden synchronization at the ending also point towards a self-conscious modernist aesthetic, though as in most of Nielsen’s early and middle works, non-modernist devices, including organicism and diatonicism, play some essential roles.

As written in the original 1926 edition of the score, the Fifth Symphony is scored for 3 flutes (third doubling piccolo), 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, 4 horns, 3 trumpets, 3 trombones, tuba, timpani, cymbals, triangle, tambourine, snare drum, celesta, and strings. Some optional doublings are added in the 1950 edition of the score revised by Emil Telmányi and Erik Tuxen; these include the third flute doubling flute in G and the second bassoon doubling contrabassoon. These optional doublings are discarded in the latest 1998 Carl Nielsen Edition score, which was produced as a co-operation between the Danish Royal Library and Edition Wilhelm Hansen.

The Fifth Symphony has two movements instead of the usual four, which is the only time Nielsen used this structure. Nielsen explained jokingly in an interview that it was not difficult to write the first three movements of a symphony but by the finale most composers had run out of ideas. The work has a craggy profile as "it is littered with false climaxes at every turn". The first movement climaxes in a battle between the orchestra and a renegade snare-drummer, who can only be silenced by the full forces of his colleagues in the final bars. The second movement continues the struggle with shivers of anxiety, building through repetitions and detours to the final victorious grand explosion.

Tempo giusto—Adagio non troppo
The first movement begins with violas softly oscillating between the C and A notes; after four bars of the single, minimally-inflected line, a pair of bassoons enters with the initial theme. The beginning has been described by Nielsen scholar Robert Simpson as like being "in outer space"; the subsequent wave-like line "appears from nowhere, as if one were suddenly made aware of time as a dimension". The very first theme ends at b. 20 with a descending scale, followed by a fortissimo interruption from violas and a subsequent horn and flute dialogue. The prominent feature of instrumental pairing does not lead to any permanent thematic or textural stability, but contrarily grows into a persistent textural sparseness.

After an emotionless string passage which encloses another brief warning from violas, woodwinds cry out amid a percussive background. While the monotonous rhythm of snare drum continues, violins respond tortuously, only to be overwhelmed by the mood of the "savage and destructively egotistical" (Simpson’s description) clarinet and flute. The turmoil continues as the bass struggles to rise from the tonic (C) to the dominant (G), invoking a new clash with the percussion; the attempt at struggle fails as the bass is foiled at G flat when the ominous violin melody is distorted and disintegrates. The huge incongruity between harmonic and melodic parameters threatens the music with fracture and collapse. After gloomy phrases from various woodwinds, the music fades, leaving a feebly pulsing D with tiny hints of percussion sounds.

An oboe triplet figure then reveals the warm theme in G major of the Adagio non troppo section, a contrast to the prior cold landscape. The texture expands contrapuntally for the first time; the tonality brightens to B major and, after a climax, wanes to G major again. The full strings are soon disturbed by an "evil" motif on woodwinds, playing the shivering element from the work's opening; tension between wind and strings intensifies as tonality shifts within instrumental groups in their respective directions. With a further clash, the music is menaced by the snare drum at a tempo (quarter note ♩=116) faster than that of the orchestra, and at its climax comes the composer's instruction to the snare drummer to improvise "as if at all costs he wants to stop the progress of the orchestra". (This instruction is not included in the 1950 edition of the score, being replaced by a written rhythmic line and instruction "cad. ad lib." after a few bars. ) The warm theme eventually triumphs in a sustaining grandeur, as is affirmed by the snare drum actually joining the orchestral fanfare. When all subsides, echoes in woodwinds are heard and a solitary clarinet is left to mourn in a tragic atmosphere, recapturing ideas from the whole movement: "Who would have thought that so much could have come out of a gently waving viola line in empty space?"

Allegro—Presto—Andante un poco tranquillo—Allegro
The second movement in four sections consists of an "exposition", a fast fugue, a slow fugue and a brief coda. The music bursts in (in B major, despite the A major key-signature), and continues with great conflicts between instruments, until a broad, calm theme is found in the slow fugue. At the close it pivots on B flat, the dominant of E flat major; various elements collide and “fall together” into an uplifting 23-bar conclusion.

This movement was portrayed by Robert Simpson as arising from the ashes and ruins left by the conflict in the first movement. In the first edition of his book he expressed hesitation over analysing this part, feeling that it either requires a very deep analysis, or should be described in the fewest possible words. Jack Lawson, founder and president of The Carl Nielsen Society of Great Britain, commented that in the second movement, the listener "inhabits a world reborn, at first calm but a world which produces new struggles and menacing dangers" and "transports the listener through the depths or above the heights of more standard musical perceptions".

Interpretation
Though the Fifth Symphony bears no title, Nielsen affirmed that, like his previous symphonies, it presents "the only thing that music in the end can express: resting forces in contrast to active ones". In a statement to one of his students, Ludvig Dolleris, Nielsen described the symphony as "the division of dark and light, the battle between evil and good" and the opposition between "Dreams and Deeds". To Hugo Seligman he described the contrast between "vegetative" and "active" states of mind in the symphony. The symphony is widely stated to be a work about contrast and opposition.

The composer asserted that he was not conscious of the influence of World War I when he was composing the symphony, but added that "not one of us is the same as we were before the war". Simon Rattle also described the Fifth Symphony, rather than the Fourth as proclaimed by the composer, as being Nielsen's war symphony. In fact, the phrase "dark, resting forces, alert forces" can be found on the back cover of the pencil draft score. Nielsen may have considered it an encapsulation of the contrast both between and within the two movements of the symphony. Nielsen also wrote to Dolleris about the presence of the "evil" motif in the first movement of the symphony:

"Then the 'evil' motif intervenes – in the woodwind and strings – and the side drum becomes more and more angry and aggressive; but the nature-theme grows on, peaceful and unaffected, in the brass. Finally the evil has to give way, a last attempt and then it flees – and with a strophe thereafter in consoling major mode a solo clarinet ends this large idyll-movement, an expression of vegetative (idle, thoughtless) Nature."

Although Nielsen asserted that the symphony is non-programmatic, he once expressed his views on it thus:

"I'm rolling a stone up a hill, I'm using the powers in me to bring the stone to the top. The stone lies there so still, powers are wrapped in it, until I give it a kick and the same powers are released and the stone rolls down again. But you mustn't take that as a programme!"

Reception
The immediate reception of the press to the symphony was generally positive, especially the first movement. Axel Kjerulf wrote that in the Adagio section, he heard a Dream giving way to a "Dream about Deeds... Carl Nielsen has maybe never written more powerful, beautiful, fundamentally healthy and genuine music than here." However, critics were more hesitant towards the second movement. In August Felsing's review, he commented that "Intellectual art is what the second part is, and it is a master who speaks. But the pact with the eternal in art which shines forth in the first part is broken here." Musicians' opinions were divided. Victor Bendix, a long-time supporter and friend, wrote to Nielsen the day after the premiere, calling the work a "Sinfonie filmatique, this dirty trenches-music, this impudent fraud, this clenched fist in the face of a defenceless, novelty-snobbish, titillation-sick public, commonplace people en masse, who lovingly lick the hand stained with their own noses' blood!"

A Swedish performance on 20 January 1924, under the baton of Georg Schnéevoigt, caused quite a scandal; the Berlingske Tidende reported that some in the audience could not take the modernism of the work:

"Midway through the first part with its rattling drums and 'cacophonous' effects a genuine panic broke out. Around a quarter of the audience rushed for the exits with confusion and anger written over their faces, and those who remained tried to hiss down the 'spectacle', while the conductor Georg Schnéevoigt drove the orchestra to extremes of volume. This whole intermezzo underlined the humoristic-burlesque element in the symphony in such a way that Carl Nielsen could certainly never have dreamed of. His representation of modern life with its confusion, brutality and struggle, all the uncontrolled shouts of pain and ignorance—and behind it all the side drum's harsh rhythm as the only disciplining force—as the public fled, made a touch of almost diabolic humour."

For decades, Nielsen's music did not win recognition outside Denmark. The first recording was in 1933: Georg Høeberg with the Danish Radio Symphony Orchestra for Dancord. The first live recording was produced in 1950 with Erik Tuxen conducting the same orchestra at the Edinburgh Festival. An international breakthrough was made only when Leonard Bernstein recorded the symphony with the New York Philharmonic in 1962 for CBS. This recording helped Nielsen's music to achieve appreciation beyond his home country, and is considered one of the finest recorded accounts of the symphony.

title: Symphony No. 5 (Nielsen)


text: User talk:209.149.52.6

title: User talk:209.149.52.6


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Max Decugis

Maxime Omer Mathieu Decugis or Décugis (24 September 1882 – 6 September 1978) was a French tennis player. He won the French Championships eight times (a French club members-only tournament before 1925). He also won three Olympic medals at the 1900 Paris Olympics and the 1920 Antwerp Olympics, with a gold medal in the mixed doubles partnering Suzanne Lenglen.

Life
Decugis' father was a merchant at Les Halles, the company's name was Omer Décugis et fils, however the accent mark on the é is missing from Max Decugis' birth certificate, and appears inconsistently in later English-speaking sources such as the Ayres' Almanacks edited by Arthur Wallis Myers, but apparently never in any French-speaking sources. The origin of the family name Décugis, spelled with accented é in an 1842 source, is "from Cuges-les-Pins."

In 1905 he married Marie Flameng, the daughter of painter François Flameng, in Paris. After the death of Marie in 1969, Max married Suzanne Louise Duval in October.

Career
Decugis won the French Championships in 1903, 1904, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1912, 1913, and 1914 (also 14 times in doubles and seven times in mixed). The interruption of World War I denied Decugis the opportunity to defend his 1914 title. Decugis was also a four-time runner-up, having lost the final in 1902, 1906, 1920, and 1923. He won the International German Championship in 1901 and 1902.

In major tournaments, Decugis reached the semifinals of both the 1911 and 1912 Wimbledon Championships and the 1913 and 1914 World Hard Court Championships (WHCC) and the final of the World Covered Court Championship (WCCC) in 1919. He won the mixed doubles title at the WHCC on four occasions (1912, 1913, 1914, 1921) and at the WCCC on two (1913, 1919).

In May 1910, Decugis twice defeated Anthony Wilding at Wiesbaden, first in the final of the Wiesbaden Cup in four sets, followed by a victory in the final of the Wiesbaden Championship in three straight sets.

A. Wallis Myers of The Daily Telegraph ranked Decugis as world No. 10 in both 1913 and 1914.

title: Max Decugis


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The Best of Brandy

The Best of Brandy is the first greatest hits album by American singer Brandy. It was released on March 28, 2005 by Atlantic Records, completing her contract with the label after being signed since 1994. The album comprises nearly all of Norwood's 1994–2004 singles, compiling her first four studio albums Brandy (1994), Never Say Never (1998), Full Moon (2002) and Afrodisiac (2004), as well as songs she contributed to film soundtracks such as Waiting to Exhale (1995) and Set It Off (1996).

The album received generally favorable reviews from critics who noted the creativity of Norwood's back-catalog. It debuted at number 27 on the US Billboard 200, selling 26,000 units in its first week. Outside the United States, "Who Is She 2 U"–the second US single from Afrodisiac–was released as a single in support of The Best of Brandy. While it features no original material, the album includes rare tracks such as a 1995 cover of Michael Jackson's "Rock with You", her international single "Another Day in Paradise" and the single remix of "U Don't Know Me (Like U Used To)".

Release
On November 1, 2004, four months after the release of Afrodisiac, her fourth studio album with Atlantic Records, Brandy's publicist Courtney Barnes announced that the singer had requested and was granted an unconditional release from her recording contract with the music label, her record company since 1994, as Norwood was at "a place where [she wants] some change in her life [and] wanted to move on" musically. Brandy was subsequently asked to complete her contract with the release of a greatest hits collection, a plan which she considered a true compliment and showcase for her development as a recording artist over ten years. "I'm really proud of it," Brandy said about the compilation album the following year. "When you get a chance to step back, you notice all these great things you've done and all these great people that you've worked with. The album is a celebration of me being in the industry for so long, and I'm still going." In addition, Norwood declared her satisfaction with the conclusion of her Atlantic era: "I just thought it was a great idea – to put 18 songs together of the best of everything that I’ve done made me feel really good. And also, it is giving me a reason to move on from everything I've done. I'm excited about putting it out and also putting it behind me."

Critical reception
The Best of Brandy received generally favorable reviews from music critics. Andy Kellman of AllMusic gave the compilation four and a half out of five stars and commented that "the disc is straightforward and rather thorough in its makeup, compiling almost all of Brandy's charting singles, [and] though the last two albums evidently didn't produce big singles, they're just as strong and fresh as the first two — so this set, unlike so many other anthologies from her contemporaries, hardly confirms dwindling creativity or popularity." Music Week stated the album is "hitting the high spots of her musical career to date featuring The Boy is Mine, Never Say Never, and her cover of Another Day In Paradise". They also highlighted her recent songs the "excellent" Afrodisiac and Who Is She 2 U. Thomas Inskeep from Stylus magazine commended that Norwood "helped soundtrack highs and lows, especially highs, with your so fresh/so clean stable of killer singles. Now that they’re collected like this, it’s like my own personal time capsule. Here’s to another decade, Brandy. As Aaliyah sang, you’re more than a woman, and the pop/R&B landscape is richer for your presence in it. Thanks." He gave the album an "A" rating.

In his review for Slant magazine, Sal Cinquemani criticized both Warner Music and Atlantic for "botching the promotion of her last studio album [Afrodisiac]" and Norwood's subsequent drop. He was however positive with the album's track lisiting, stating: "The collection is capped off with non-album tracks like the #2 hit "Sittin' Up in My Room" and covers of Michael Jackson's "Rock with You" and Phil Collins's "Another Day in Paradise", which, though it's not exactly a labor of love for Brandy's longtime label home, makes The Best of a must-have for the hardest-core Moesha fans." He rated the compilation three and a half out of five stars. Less enthusiastic, Chris Taylor from MusicOMH felt that album proved that Norwood was "a fine wine that has never quite fully matured [...]The overall result is a middling collection which ultimately leaves one frequently fast-forwarding, wondering what could have been."

Commercial performance
In the United States, The Best of Brandy debuted at number 27 on the Billboard 200 and number 11 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart, selling 26,000 units in its first week. It spent a total of five weeks on the Billboard 200.

Internationally, the album entered the top thirty in Australia and the United Kingdom only, where it reached numbers 25 and 24 respectively, but enjoyed short runs on the charts. In addition, the album reached number 92 on the European Top 100 Albums chart. In the United Kingdom, The Best of Brandy was certified silver by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) in September 2019, for sales and streaming figures in excess of 60,000 units.

The album was released on vinyl for the first time on February 11, 2022. It charted in the UK on the Official Hip Hop and R&B albums Chart Top 40 at number 17 on February 18, 2022.

Track listing
Notes Sample credits
 * $undefined$ denotes additional producer
 * $undefined$ denotes vocals producer
 * "Who Is She 2 U" contains a sample of Jacqueline Hilliard's "Instant Love" (1968).
 * "Talk About Our Love" contains a sample of Mandrill's "Gilly Hines" (1977) from the album We Are One.

Personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of The Best of Brandy.

 * Dallas Austin – producer
 * Babyface – producer
 * Liz Barrett – project assistant
 * Marc Baptiste – photography
 * Mike City – producer
 * Phil Collins – composer
 * Keith Crouch – producer
 * Sara Cumings – art direction, design
 * LaShawn Daniels – composer
 * Ginger Dettman – project assistant
 * Malia Doss – project assistant
 * Mike Engstrom – product manager
 * Roger Erickson – cover photo, photography
 * Alan Fletcher – project assistant
 * David Foster – producer
 * Annaliese Harmon – project assistant
 * Dan Hersch – remastering
 * Jacqueline Hilliard – composer

 * Robin Hurley – project assistant
 * Bill Inglot – remastering
 * Fred Jerkins III – producer
 * Rodney Jerkins – producer
 * Kipper Jones – producer
 * Quincy Jones – producer
 * Johnny de Mairo – producer
 * Jonathan Mannion – photography
 * Mark McKenna – project assistant
 * Sonja Norwood – management
 * QDIII – producer
 * Ray J – performer
 * Guy Roche – producer
 * Timbaland – producer
 * Becky Wagner – project assistant
 * Kanye West – producer
 * Corey Williams – project assistant
 * Steve Woolard – project assistant

title: The Best of Brandy


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Jon E. Ahlquist

Jon Edward Ahlquist (27 July 1944 –7 May 2020 ) was an American molecular biologist and ornithologist who has specialized in molecular phylogenetics. He has collaborated extensively with Charles Sibley, primarily at Yale University. By 1987, both Ahlquist and Sibley had left Yale. In 1988, Ahlquist and Sibley were awarded the Daniel Giraud Elliot Medal by the National Academy of Sciences. In January 1991 (often listed as 1990), Charles Sibley and Ahlquist published Phylogeny and Classification of Birds, which presented a new phylogeny for birds based on DNA-DNA hybridisation techniques, known as the Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy. At that time, he was an associate professor of zoology at Ohio University. In 1999, Ahlquist was retired.

title: Jon E. Ahlquist


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Walkara

Chief Walkara (c. 1808 – 1855; also known as Wakara, Wahkara, Chief Walker or Colorow) was a Shoshone         leader of the Utah Indians known as the Timpanogo and Sanpete Band. It is not completely clear what cultural group the Utah or Timpanogo Indians belonged to, but they are listed as Shoshone. He had a reputation as a diplomat, horseman and warrior, and a military leader of raiding parties, and in the Wakara War.

He was the most prominent Native American chief in the Utah area when the Mormon Pioneers arrived in 1847. One observer described Walkara in 1843 as: "the principal ruling chief... owing his position to great wealth. He is a good trader, trafficking with the whites and reselling goods to such of his nation as are less skillful in striking a bargain."

In 1865, some ten years after his death, the Timpanogo agreed to go live on the Uintah Reservation under Chief Tabby-To-Kwanah and merged with the Northern Shoshone. Walkara is often referred to as Ute, but this is incorrect. Ute is a blanket name for many tribes. The Shoshone have cultural and linguistic heritage as part of the Numic branch of the Uto-Aztecan language family. Walkara is Shoshone and his name, Walkara, means Hawk, in Shoshone.

Timpanogos Chief
Walkara was born approximately 1808 along the Spanish Fork River in Utah. He was one of the five sons of a chief of the Timpanogos Tribe. He spent much time fishing along the Utah Lake shores in what is now Provo and Vineyard. Walkara could communicate in Spanish, English, and native languages. His brothers included Chief Arapeen, for whom the Arapeen Valley near Sterling, Utah was named; Chief San-Pitch, for whom Sanpete County is named; Chief Kanosh, for whom a town was named; and Chief Sowiette.

He gathered a raiding band of warriors from Great Basin tribes, Ute, Paiute and Shoshone, and often rode with his brothers on raids. His band raided ranches and attacked travelers in the Great Basin and along the Old Spanish Trail between New Mexico and California. Small native bands and tribes in the area paid him tribute in return for protection and assistance. Walkara was often distinguished by the yellow face paint that he wore.

Some people called him, 'The Greatest Horse thief in History.' In California, especially, Walkara was known as a great horse thief, due to his stealing around 3,000 horses in Southern California in the 1840s. In some of these raids, the band fought Cahuilla leader Juan Antonio. Mountain men James Beckwourth and Thomas "Pegleg" Smith were involved in this campaign and were known to trade with Walkara, providing the band with whiskey in return for horses. In 1845 Benjamin Davis Wilson, Justice of the Peace and assistant for Indian affairs in Riverside County, was commissioned to track down Walkara and his marauders and bring them to justice, but never succeeded. Their mission was interrupted by the discovery of the Big Bear Lake area. No additional account of the pursuit was ever reported. Horsethief Canyon and Little Horsethief Canyon in the Cajon Pass are named for Walkara's exploits. Several men were killed in both canyons.

Mormon era
When Mormon pioneers arrived in what is today known as Utah in 1847, they were caught between the Shoshone and the Ute: both tribes claimed the Salt Lake Valley. The settlers refused to pay the Shoshone for the land, knowing that they would have to pay the Ute as well. Brigham Young, the president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), recommended the Mormon settlers avoid trading with Native American tribes. At this time, the Ute bands of Indians were divided, but Walkara's band was one of the most influential. Walkara recognized that trading with the settlers would enable his band to become more powerful. However, the Ute were angered by the Mormons building a permanent settlement in the area, and Walkara favored driving them out by force. His brother, Sowiette, wanted to accommodate the Mormons. After initial disagreement, Walkara conceded to Sowiette. Instead of war, the Mormons initially had peace with the Timpanogo.

The first act of violence between the Ute and the Mormon settlers occurred on March 5, 1849. Some Ute had disregarded their leaders' instruction not to steal from the Mormons, and had killed and stolen livestock from the settlers. In retaliation, the settlers set out to find those responsible. They ambushed some Ute, resulting in six killed, in an event known as the Battle Creek massacre. Later in April, Walkara supported Ute attacks on Fort Utah; nevertheless, Young and Walkara entered into a peaceful relationship by May. In late 1849, Walkara met with Young, asking him to send men to help settle Ute land, and with that request, settlers including Welcome Chapman went to the Sanpete Valley.

Young dispatched a company of about 225 settlers, under the direction of Isaac Morley. The settlers arrived at the present location of Manti, Utah in November, and established a base camp for the winter, digging temporary shelters into the south side of the hill on which the LDS Church's Manti Utah Temple now stands. It was an isolated place, at least four days by wagon from the nearest Mormon settlement. Relations between the Mormon settlers and the local Ute Indians were helpful and cooperative. Morley and his settlers felt that part of their purpose was to bring the gospel to the Indians. Morley wrote, "Did we come here to enrich ourselves in the things of this world? No. We were sent to enrich the Natives and comfort the hearts of the long oppressed."

During the severe winter, a measles epidemic broke out. The Mormons used their limited medicine to nurse the Indians, and likewise when Mormon supplies ran low, the Ute shared their food supply. In 1850, Walkara agreed to be baptized into the LDS Church with his son. Walkara regularly traded women and children as slaves in order to trade for horses, guns, and ammunition. Mormon settlers tried to stop this practice, but their efforts only angered the tribe for interfering with their Indian slave trade. Relations with the Mormon settlers deteriorated rapidly. Walkara's raiding lifestyle was under pressure from an increasing number of federal troops in the Great Basin and Southwest and from the expansion of Latter-day Saint settlements. One conjecture holds that Mormon settlers also strongly objected to the profitable traditional trade in native slaves and interfered in many transactions. This is contradictory to the fact that Young was not, by his own account, an abolitionist. In addition, increasing numbers of non-Mormon trading expeditions and settlers were traveling through Central and Southern Utah, adding to the competition for water and resources. Some isolated natives were killed, and Walkara and other leaders became increasingly angry with both the Mormonees and the Mericats, designations used by local tribes to distinguish Mormon settlers from non-Mormon Americans.

Walker War
Growing tension between the Mormon settlers and the Ute Indians resulted in the Walker War. The war was sparked on July 17, 1853, by a confrontation with James Anderson Ivie in Springville in Utah Valley. It resulted in the death of a band member, Shower-O-Cats, a relative of Walkara. The Indians wanted to trade goods near Ivie's home, when Ivie tried to intervene in an argument over a trade between a Ute and his wife. Ivie wounded several of the Indians and one died. When Ivie would not comply with Indian requests for compensation, believing that he acted in self-defense, tension between Mormon settlers and the Ute reached its peak.

A militia unit went to Walkara's camp in Payson to work out a peaceful resolution; however, no arrangement was agreed upon. The Utes demanded retribution, seeking the death of a Euro-American. When the Mormons refused, the Ute shot and killed Alexander Keele on July 18, 1853, in Payson. This event was the tipping point in the relations between the two groups. Indians started attacks in nearby towns. By July 25, Walkara was reported to be gathering Ute for a war. Mormon colonels Peter Conover and Stephen Markham rounded up men and called for volunteers to pursue the Ute, and families were advised to fortify their houses, store their grains, and protect their livestock. In a defensive effort, Brigham Young directed settlers to move from outlying farms and ranches and establish centralized forts. His people began to heavily guard the travel routes between Mormon settlements.

Walkara and his warriors conducted raids against Mormon outposts in central and southern Utah; in turn pioneer militias retaliated. In one case, four settlers driving oxen-drawn wagons to Salt Lake City from Manti were attacked and killed at Uintah Springs on the night of September 30, 1853. Historical accounts indicate that pioneers retaliated the next day, and intermittent fighting continued until early November. In December of that year, Young offered amnesty to all the Ute. They did not respond and continued to commit violent acts for several more weeks. On March 24, Young sent Major E.A. Bedell, the federal Indian agent, to meet with Walkara and other Ute leaders. Bedell was to inquire if they would make a treaty with Young for the sale of their land. During the meeting with Bedell, Walkara said that "he would prefer not to sell if he could live peacefully with the white people which he was anxious to do."

The Walker War ended through this understanding personally negotiated between Young and Walkara that was finalized in May 1854 in Levan, near Nephi, Utah. In his contemporary work Incidents of Travel and Adventure in the Far West (1857), photographer and artist Solomon N. Carvalho gives an account of the peace council held between Walkara, other native leaders in central Utah, and Brigham Young. Carvalho took the opportunity to persuade the Indian leader to pose for a portrait, now held by the Thomas Gilcrease Institute, Tulsa, Oklahoma. Although immediate hostilities ended, none of the underlying conflicts were resolved.

Walkara died of "lung fever" on 29 January 1855 at Meadow Creek, Utah. At his funeral, fifteen horses, two wives, and two children were killed and buried along with him. However, tensions remained; together with some who refused to accept the peace, another incident precipitated the longer and more costly Ute Black Hawk War a decade later.

In all, casualties during the war totaled twelve white settlers and an equally modest number of Indians. In addition, U.S. surveyor John Williams Gunnison and seven members of his party were attacked and killed, apparently by local tribesmen, along the lower Sevier River in 1853. An archaeological dig in 2007 examined seven bodies of Native American men and boys found in a relatively shallow grave near Nephi. Wounds on some of the remains suggest these Native Americans were executed rather than killed in combat. One skeleton appeared to have been bound by a leather strap at the time of his death. The bodies probably belonged to members of a Utah or Goshute tribe. A rock monument was built in Memorial Park in Payson to commemorate the death of a settler during the war. Another was built in Spanish Fork, Utah at the site of the Old Palmyra Fort.

Tribe joining the LDS Church by baptism
After the Walker War had ended, on July 27, 1854, under the direction of stake president Welcome Chapman, 120 members (103 males, 17 females) of Walkara's tribe were baptized as members of the LDS Church in Manti's City Creek. Walkara was possibly re-baptized at this time. After his baptism, he was renamed Joseph Walker.

Slavery
There is controversy over whether Chief Walkara was involved in slavery and human sacrifice. His descendants report that such activities were never cultural with them and would have been considered dishonorable. Walkara supposedly was involved with the slave trade in the Great Basin. The custom of the Ute tribes allowed for them to sell women and children in exchange for supplies and horses, which they ate. Some children were acquired for trading through war raids and then were sold to Mexican traders who sold them as slaves in California or Mexico. A boy could typically be sold for $100, and girls were for $150 to $200.

At first, church leaders encouraged Walkara's slave trade. Apostle George A. Smith gave him talking papers that certified "it is my desire that they [Captain Walker and Peteetneet] should be treated as friends, and as they wish to Trade horses, Buckskins and Piede children, we hope them success and prosperity and good bargains." Brigham Young encouraged the saints to "buy up the Lamanite children as fast as they could," for the purpose of educating them and converting them to the Mormon faith.

In 1906, Susa Young Gates accused Walkara of kidnapping Brigham Young's daughter, Sally Young Kanosh. However, there is little evidence that it occurred.

Child sacrifice
Walkara was said to have been involved in human sacrifice. The Ute had a practice of burying children alive to serve as servants to the recently deceased and be their companion in the next life. Walkara may have had two captive children killed to relieve his own pain. When the Walker War ended, Walkara's daughter was sick; he said that if his child died, an Indian woman must be sacrificed so that his daughter's spirit did not travel alone in the spirit world. Upon Walkara's death, two Indian women, three deceased children, twenty horses, and one live boy were buried as formal sacrifices with him.

Death
Walkara died after a lingering illness, possibly pneumonia, on January 28, 1855, while at Meadow Creek, Utah Territory. As Chief of the Timpanogos Utes, he reportedly had a rather elaborate burial and was entombed in a small canyon in the mountains, along with animal and human sacrifices. This burial scene involved carrying his corpse to the rocky entombment site by binding his corpse so that it sat upright on a horse. Walkara's weapons and ammunition were laid beside him and his personal horses were killed to accompany him on his journey to the next life. He had a letter from Brigham Young in his hand. A live boy and girl were placed on top of the burial pit in order to watch over his grave until they joined Walkara in the afterlife. The boy broke free and cried for help. Although nearby settlers heard him, gunfire from the Indian tribe warned them not to interfere.

Isaac Morley, his long time friend, had promised Walkara that he would speak at the entombment. Morley later described the terrible ordeal and reported that he dare not object to the ceremony for fear of causing an uprising in the already delicate relationship between Walkara's brothers and the white settlers.

title: Walkara


text:
User:OorWullie

To Ma an' Pa an' PC Murdoch an' a' the Broons.

ma page

title: User:OorWullie


text:
User talk:MightyCortex

Welcome
Welcome!

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Sam Jolley
Sam Jolley has been proposed for deletion as a suspected hoax. Please provide sources for your information. If you remove the prod notice, it will stop the deletion process, but if the article isn't improved, it will be sent to Articles for deletion for discussion. NickelShoe 15:38, 27 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Please don't blank pages. It confuses readers and is not the same as deleting articles.  It actually complicates the deletion process.  If you would like an article that you wrote to be deleted, you may add  to the top of the article. NickelShoe 16:10, 27 February 2006 (UTC)

Luke pain
Don't create joke or hoax articles on Wikipedia. There's no way "Luke Pain" wrote the Placebo hit "Pure Morning" as a 7 year-old. Please do not add nonsense to Wikipedia. It is considered vandalism. If you would like to experiment, use the sandbox. Thank you. -- Scientizzle 15:56, 20 June 2006 (UTC)

License tagging for Image:Ailogo.jpg
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Unspecified source for Image:O_-_skyscraper_reflection_jpg.jpg
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title: User talk:MightyCortex


text:
Rogaining

Rogaining is an orienteering sport of long distance cross-country navigation, involving both route planning and navigation between checkpoints using a variety of map types. In a rogaine, teams of two to five people choose which checkpoints to visit within a time limit with the intent of maximising their score. Teamwork, endurance, competition and an appreciation for the natural environment are features of the sport. Championship rogaines are 24 hours long, but rogaines can be as short as two hours.

History
Rogaining can trace its roots back to 1947 when the first of many events with some of the features of rogaines was organised by the Melbourne University Mountaineering Club. The events from the 1940s eventually led to the birth of the sport of rogaining in April 1976, in Melbourne, Australia. The sport was named, rules were adopted and the world’s first rogaining association was formed (the Victorian Rogaining Association). Growth of the association and the sport occurred rapidly over the next decade.

The word rogaining is derived from the names of three of the founders, Rod Phillips, Gail Davis (née Phillips) and Neil Phillips (RoGaiNe, hence "rogaining", "rogainer" etc.) who were all members of the Surrey-Thomas Rover Crew which organised the world's first rogaine. The name was formally adopted by the Victorian Rogaining Association at its inaugural annual general meeting in August 1976 and accepted by Scouts Australia and University bushwalking groups to give the new sport an identity in its own right.

World Rogaining Championships were first held in 1992, and then every two years from 1996 to 2012. Since then they have been held annually, with the country chosen two years in advance by the International Rogaining Federation. As of 2017 this has changed back again to every two years.

 * 1st World Rogaining Championship (1992): Beechworth, Australia, about 200 teams
 * 2nd World Rogaining Championship (1996): Mt Singleton, Western Australia, 640 participants in 271 teams
 * 3rd World Rogaining Championship (1998): Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada
 * 4th World Rogaining Championship (2000): Christchurch, New Zealand
 * 5th World Rogaining Championship (2002): Lesna, Czech Republic, 202 teams
 * 6th World Rogaining Championship (2004): Arizona, USA, 380 participants from 15 countries and 33 U.S. states.
 * 7th World Rogaining Championship (2006): New South Wales, Australia; 691 participants (311 teams), 125 from overseas
 * 8th World Rogaining Championship (2008): Karula National Park, Estonia; 748 participants (339 teams) from 22 countries.
 * 9th World Rogaining Championship (2010): Cheviot, New Zealand; 522 participants (251 teams)
 * 10th World Rogaining Championship (2012): Přebuz, Czech Republic
 * 11th World Rogaining Championship (2013): Alol, Russian Federation
 * 12th World Rogaining Championship (2014): Black Hills, South Dakota, USA
 * 13th World Rogaining Championship (2015): Kiilopää, Lapland, Finland
 * 14th World Rogaining Championship (2016): Alice Springs, Australia
 * 15th World Rogaining Championship (2017): Rāzna National Park, Latvia
 * 16th World Rogaining Championship (2019): La Molina, Catalonia, Spain
 * 17th World Rogaining Championship (2022): Králický Sněžník, Czechia
 * 18th World Rogaining Championship (2023): Lake Tahoe, California, USA

Basic play
Teams of two to five members visit as many checkpoints as possible in the time allowed. Shorter duration rogaines often allow solo competitors. Checkpoints are scored differently depending on level of difficulty in reaching them; therefore teams choose a strategy (for example, to visit many low score checkpoints). Teams travel entirely on foot, navigating by map and compass between checkpoints in terrain that varies from open farmland to hilly forest. A central base camp known as a "hash house" provides hot meals throughout the event and teams may return at any time to eat, rest or sleep. Teams travel at their own pace and participants can practise cross-country navigation at their own level of competition and comfort. Team members stay within earshot of each other.

The duration of a championship rogaine is 24 hours, but shorter variations such as 3-, 6-, 8-, 12- and 15-hour events are also held (sometimes concurrently with a 24-hour event). Depending on the terrain, experienced rogaining teams can cover more than 100 km over the 24-hour period. There have also been longer events (dubbed "Endurogaines") lasting 48 and 50 hours. In their native Australia, rogaines are usually held every month during weekends near full moons, with annual state championships and an annual national championship. They require dozens of volunteers to run, including course setters and caterers and are often attended by hundreds of participants. A competitive 24-hour rogaine requires a map area of around 250 km2, for relatively flat terrain; terrain with significant climbs may require far less or far more area, depending on the placement of checkpoints.

Variants
Other forms of rogaining are popular, particularly in Australia during the months when normal rogaines are not held because of the weather. Popular variations include:

 * Bouldergaine: A combination of rogaining and bouldering.
 * Metrogaine: An event of usually around six hours and held in predominantly urban areas.
 * Cyclegaine/Cyclogaine/Velogaine: Usually run for six hours in areas with trails suitable for mountainbiking.
 * Snogaine: Held in areas that are snowbound and participants may either snowshoe or ski to reach checkpoints.
 * Paddlogaine: A rogaine on a water covered area, such as a set of interconnected lakes. Participants can generally use any human-powered watercraft.
 * Motorienteering: A rogaine with motorcycles. Event lasts 6h. Control points are located both in urban and rural areas

title: Rogaining


text:
Bereshit

Bereshit or Bereishith ( Bərēʾšīṯ) is the first word both of the Jewish Torah, and of the Christian New Testament of John, which alludes to the Torah. It is typically translated as "In beginning...", and may refer to:
 * In the beginning (phrase)
 * Book of Genesis
 * Bereshit (parashah), the first weekly Torah portion in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading
 * Beresheet and Beresheet 2, both lunar landers by SpaceIL
 * "Bereishit", a song by Blue Fringe
 * "Berashith", a 1902 essay by Aleister Crowley

title: Bereshit


text:
User talk:Hellsatan~enwiki

Welcome
Hello , and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! --GraemeL (talk) 17:38, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
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Some of the people, places or things you have written about in the article Hellsatan may not be sufficiently well-known to merit articles of their own. The Wikipedia community welcomes newcomers, and encourages them to become Wikipedians. By starting an account or logging in, each user is entitled to a user page in which they can describe themselves, and this article's content may be incorporated into that page. However, to merit inclusion in the encyclopedia proper, a subject must be notable. We encourage you to write or improve articles on notable subjects. --GraemeL (talk) 17:38, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Hellsatan. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Hellsatan~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 00:32, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 13:45, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Hellsatan~enwiki


text:
Talk:Hascombe

Untitled
I notice that the reference to Hascombe vinyard has been removed. I must admit I have never heard of the vinyard. Does it exist?

It certainly did exist in the mid-1980s, because I worked there as a student. It was then well established, and selling its wine fairly widely. However it may well be that it didn't survive. Jon C

Thanks, Jon. Do you recall the name of the place (the obvious choice of Hascombe Vinyard) brings up nothing useful on Google. Have asked my neighbour (a long-time resident) and she hasn't heard of the place. Chris

Well... I have done some research (I asked my Mum!) who tells me that it was indeed called Hascombe Vineyard, but that the receivers were called in, and it went bust - probably in the mid to late 80s. So it looks as if the vineyard is no more. It was located on the hillside to the south east of the village. Jon

Population
The infobox is showing the population in the 270s. The last census in 2001 gives the figure as 241. As this is verifiable and the 274 is a figure I can't find a ref for, will revert to the original for now 86.144.79.30 07:17, 3 April 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hascombe


text:
Das Pop

Das Pop was a Belgian band founded in Ghent by school friends Reinhard Vanbergen, Niek Meul, Lieven Moors and Bent Van Looy.

Biography
Das Pop was initially called Things to Come, but the band changed its name to Das Pop when Tom Kestens joined the band. In 1998, they won Belgium's influential HUMO's Rock Rally contest.

Tom Kestens and Lieven Moors later left the band, and in 2007 New Zealander Matt Eccles (formerly drums in Betchadupa) joined the band as the new drummer. In January 2008 Das Pop released "Fool For Love" on UK independent label Prestel Records. The release featured remixes from French DJ SebastiAn and Yuksek, and was called a "monumental new single from the Belgian electro band" in the Culture section of UK newspaper The Sunday Times.

In 2008 Das Pop toured extensively with other acts including Soulwax, The Feeling, Gossip, The Kills, Alphabeat and Justice. They also played at many festivals including Rockness, V Festival, Reading and Leeds, Pukkelpop as well as Lovebox and Glastonbury where they played three sets in one day across three different stages.

In 2010 the song "Never Get Enough" was featured in Gossip Girl episode "Goodbye, Columbia".

In 2011 the band recorded their album "The Game" in Hoboken, New Jersey at Water Music Studios, produced and engineered by Terry Manning. The album was mixed in Manning's Nassau, Bahamas studio.

Bent van Looy toured as MC through Europe along concert halls like Ethias Arena, Brixton Academy, Telefonica Open de Madrid, Palacio da bolsa and many others with Soulwaxmas. That is the Christmas party organised by Soulwax

Das Pop member Reinhard Vanbergen produced albums for The Hickey Underworld, Drums Are For Parades and Goose. Entropology, the debut album of School is Cool, was recorded at Motormusic Studios and was also produced & mixed by Vanbergen. The album was released in 2011.

On 24 November 2012, Van Looy announced a break. The band would not perform for a year. The last concert was given on 20 December that year in Eeklo.

title: Das Pop


text:
Talk:Jaye Davidson

Gender issues
If Jaye is transgendered, shouldn't the "he's" be changed to "she's"?
 * You're confusing transgender with transsexual. A transsexual has had surgery to change sex and at some point may seek legal recognition as the opposite gender. A transgendered person can be a wide variety of "in-between" types from cross-dresser/drag queen to non-op transsexual. Davidson, it appears, identifies as a gay man, but prefers to dress very androgynously, and is attracted to straight men, yet does not intend to have sex reassignment surgery. In several interviews, Davidson is identified as "he". --Dhartung | Talk 23:39, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

Yes, I know the difference between transsexual and transgendered. But many transgendereds refered to themselves as the sex they identify as. If Davidison is just a transvestite, he should just be in "gay" actors.

I agree that Jaye should be placed in the gay actors category since he identifies as a gay man in his interviews. Cannot one be both transgendered and gay? Though personally, unless there's something that explicitly indicates that he considers himself transgendered, I would think he's just plain gay.--71.109.96.206 09:09, 4 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I couldn't find anything to back up the assertion that he is transgendered, other than transgendered persons using him as a role model. I've altered the article accordingly. --Dhartung | Talk 22:50, 6 September 2005 (UTC)

Jaye Davidson is NOT transgendered. He said himself he does not enjoy wearing women's clothing. Gay? yes. Transgendered? Absolutely not. http://groups.msn.com/foreverjayedavidson/faqinterviewedbyfans.msnw

Birth name
Regarding his birth name, according to IMDB he was born Alfred Amey, does anyone know if this is incorrect? If not then this article should be updated to reflect it.--71.109.99.234 04:13, 11 September 2005 (UTC)

At school (Hillside) he was caled John, rather than Jaye. I was in the same year, and we were in the same English class, — Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.163.47.91 (talk) 22:51, 28 March 2012 (UTC)

Nationality
The article opens by describing Davidson as American, but then says that he was born to an English mother and that the family left for the UK when he was two and a half. Given that he is described as having been brought up in Hertfordshire and currently operating in London, how appropriate is it to open the article by describing him as American? I would suggest removing nationality from the body text altogether if there's no source in which he expresses a preference for one or the other. Leushenko (talk) 03:24, 24 March 2008 (UTC)

BLP concern
I have concern that the actor is listed in the "Gay actors" category, yet there is nothing in the article to indicate he is gay. Playing a gay/transgendered character does not indicate real-life orientation. If he has self-identified in interviews as gay, fair enough; this should be cited in the article. The two non-IMDb links present are dead, so new ones should be found to satisfy WP:BLP. Also, isn't the "Gay Actors" category obsolete? I thought there was an LGBT actors category that was preferred? 68.146.71.145 (talk) 05:11, 17 July 2011 (UTC)

 * He's been married to Thomas Clarke from 2017, I don't think it can get any gayer than marrying another man. 149.100.0.66 (talk) 21:09, 16 July 2022 (UTC)

Marriage
Jaye has been married to thomas Clarke ever since 2017. I wonder why this isn't mention anywhere on his profile. Does wikipedia only show this info when it's women? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 149.100.0.66 (talk • contribs)
 * I'd say WP:SOFIXIT, but it appears you already have. DonIago (talk) 22:20, 16 July 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Jaye Davidson


text:
Surplus note

In the United States a contingent surplus note is a bond-like instrument issued by an insurance company. These securities are subordinated obligations and fall at the very bottom of the operating insurance company's capital structure. They are issued primarily by mutual insurance companies, which are not public and are owned instead by their policy holders. Surplus notes are debt-like in that they pay a coupon and have a finite maturity. However, in many cases, state insurance regulators have allowed insurance companies to classify the capital raised via surplus notes as “surplus” (which is the statutory equivalent of equity), because surplus note holders are last in line to make a claim on the company's assets in a default scenario, much like where equity holders reside in a public company. The motivation for mutual companies to issue these instruments was to raise surplus (or equity) in response to new risk-based capital guidelines developed in the early 1990s. Because mutual companies are owned by policyholders, not shareholders, there was no alternative method to raise surplus or equity. While surplus note holders have last the claim on the assets of the operating insurance company, it is important to realize that this claim is at the operating company level, which is still ahead of holding company obligations.

title: Surplus note


text:
File:Geraldmcboingboing-1950.jpg

Gerald McBoing Boing

Fair use for Image in Gerald McBoing-Boing
Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because:
 * 1) The screenshot is of lower resolution and quality than the original video (copies made from it will be of inferior quality).
 * 2) No free or public domain images have been located for this content.
 * 3) The screenshot does not limit the copyright owners' rights to distribute the show or DVDs in any way.
 * 4) The screenshot is intended to represent the nature of the show. Its inclusion in the article is important as an example of an element specifically detailed in the article.
 * 5) The screenshot is being used for informational purposes only, and its use is not believed to detract from the original show or DVD in any way.

Source

 * 1) Derived from a digital capture from the film/television programme discussed in this article (creator of this digital version is irrelevant as the copyright in all equivalent images is still held by the same party). Copyright held by the record company or the artist. Claimed as fair use regardless.

title: File:Geraldmcboingboing-1950.jpg


text:
Stapleton, Leicestershire

Stapleton is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Kirkby Mallory, Peckleton and Stapleton, in the Hinckley and Bosworth district, in south-west Leicestershire, England, about ten miles south-west of Leicester city centre. Its population was 427 people at the 2001 census. In 1931 the parish had a population of 252. Stapleton was formerly a chapelry in Barwell parish, from 1866 Stapleton was a civil parish in its own right until it was abolished on 1 April 1935 and merged with Peckleton.

Stapleton is built on part of a long ridge that begins in Barwell to the south, and is followed by the A447 road north, gaining height until it reaches Osbaston, where it descends into a tributary of the River Sence. In terms of rivers, Stapleton's nearest major river is the River Sence, but on a more local level, the River Tweed is the closest waterway, a tributary of which rises in the north of the village. The River Tweed's main source rises from Brick Kiln Hill, just north-east of Hinckley from where it flows north along the eastern edge of Barwell before turning west and continuing to travel in a north-easterly direction.

The village is centred on St. Martins church (built in about 1300 according to Pevsner) which is to be found on Church Lane in the southern end of the village and was most probably established as a connection point for travellers journeying between Ashby-de-la-Zouch Castle and the areas around Coventry, Warwick and Kenilworth.

The earliest known reference to the village appears in a charter from King of Mercia - Wiglaf to the Abbot of Crowland in Lincolnshire written in 833, making grants of "two ploughlands in Stapleton and Sutton". Stapleton is mentioned in the Domesday Book as having a population of five or six families and being owned by Hugh de Grandmesnil, who had been given most of West Leicester by William the Conqueror after the Conquest.

title: Stapleton, Leicestershire