text:
English knitting

English knitting, also known as right-hand knitting or throwing, is a style of Western knitting where the yarn to be knit into the fabric is carried in the right hand. This style is prevalent throughout the English-speaking world, though it is by no means universal.

Other Western knitting styles include continental knitting (also known as "left-hand knitting") and combined knitting. Despite the names, choice of knitting style has nothing to do with the handedness of the knitter. Various non-Western styles also exist, many of which are substantially similar to these, but which twist each stitch, making for a subtly different-looking fabric.

Technique
Here, we assume that there are already stitches on the needles, having been cast on previously. The yarn is wrapped around the right hand for tension (in one method, the tail of the yarn is wrapped around the little finger of the right hand for tension, and over the index finger for control—see illustration). The right hand will hold the needle with the most recently knit stitches. (If at the beginning of a row, the right hand will hold the empty needle.) The left hand holds the other needle.

The knit stitch
If the yarn is sitting in front of the right needle (closer to the knitter), it should first be moved between the needles to the back. We will make one knit stitch into the first loop on the left needle. The right needle is inserted into the left side of that loop. To see what is happening, we can use the two needles to hold that loop wide open: it is through this loop that we will pull the new stitch. The yarn is wrapped counter-clockwise (as you look down at it; see photo) around the right needle, and this new loop is pulled with the right needle through the old one. The stitch is now complete. To prepare for the next stitch, we now withdraw the left needle from the just-completed stitch.

The purl stitch
If the yarn is sitting behind the right needle (away from the knitter), it should first be moved between the needles to the front. We will make one purl stitch---which looks like the back of a knit stitch---into the first loop on the left needle. The right needle is inserted into the right side of that loop. Again, to see what is happening, we can use the needles to hold the loop open. Instead of pulling the new loop forward, the right needle is now situated to pull the new loop backward through the old loop. The yarn is still wrapped counter-clockwise around the right needle, and this new loop is then pulled through the old one. The completed stitch is then slid off the left needle.

title: English knitting


text:
Pentridge (disambiguation)

Pentridge is the name of a village in Dorset, England.

It may also refer to:
 * HM Prison Pentridge, in Victoria, Australia
 * Coburg, Victoria, originally named Pentridge

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Pentridge (disambiguation)


text:
Talk:Ranjan Madugalle

Untitled
 but a career-ending knee injury to Ashantha de Mel gave him the chance again, and he seized it with a Test 60 against New Zealand. This is an odd sentence - de Mel was a bowler, Madugalle a batsman Tintin
 * Oops. Dunno how that happened - bad research :) I'll try to correct it now Sam Vimes 06:31, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

Coconut
I have removed the Mr Coconut references, as per WP:BLP it is uncited and potentially quite libelous. If there are citations, feel free to re-add with them. SGGH speak! 09:46, 23 May 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ranjan Madugalle


text:
Baj

Baj or BAJ may refer to:

People

 * Baj Singh (died 1716), Sikh general
 * Enrico Baj (1924–2003), Italian artist and art writer
 * Stanisław Baj (born 1953), Polish painter
 * Tommaso Baj (c. 1650–1714), Italian conductor, composer and tenor

BAJ

 * Bachelor of Arts, Journalism
 * Bridge Asia Japan, a non-governmental organisation
 * Bank Aljazira, a Saudi Arabian financial group
 * Belarusian Association of Journalists, a Belarusian non-governmental organisation
 * Berliner Astronomisches Jahrbuch, an astronomical ephemeris almanac

Other uses

 * Baj, Hungary, a village
 * Baj Ganjo, a character created by Bulgarian author Aleko Konstantinov
 * baj, ISO 639-3 code for the Barakai language, spoken on the Aru Islands of Indonesia

title: Baj


text: File:Pensjonistpartiet.png

title: File:Pensjonistpartiet.png


text:
Heliotropium arborescens

Heliotropium arborescens, the garden heliotrope or just heliotrope, is a species of flowering plant in the borage family Boraginaceae, native to Bolivia, Colombia, and Peru. Growing to 1.2 m tall and broad, it is a bushy, evergreen, short-lived shrub with dense clusters of bright purple flowers, notable for their intense, rather vanilla-like fragrance. Common names also include cherry pie and common heliotrope. Note that the common name "garden heliotrope" may also refer to valerian, which is not closely related.

It is an economically damaging invasive species in Australia.

Cultivation
As a perennial, is hardy in zones 10 to 11, and requires wintering indoors in zones 9 or colder. It is hardy down to about 5 C. It can also be grown as a half-hardy annual (grown from seed under glass and planted out after all danger of frost has passed) in those areas. Alternatively soft-wood cuttings may be taken in summer.

During the Victorian era in England this plant gained great recognition, often appearing in gardens and the herbaceous borders of parks. They were also grown as standards. A vanilla-scented heliotrope was laid on the coffin of the American poet Emily Dickinson.

Cultivars
Its popularity may have become less in more modern times, but hardy and colourful cultivars, such as 'Princess Marina', have ensured that this plant still regularly appears in seed catalogues and garden centres. Other popular cultivars include, 'Mary Fox', the highly scented 'White Lady' or 'White Queen' and the taller 'Florence Nightingale'.
 * 'Fragrant delight' has more fragrant purple flowers, and leaves with purple highlights.
 * 'Marine' has large highly fragrant dark purple flowerheads to 15 cm (6 in) diameter, and burgundy leaves.
 * 'Sweet heaven' has paler fragrant flowers and is more heat-tolerant.
 * 'White' has flowers that smell of almonds.

‘Chatsworth’ and 'Princess Marina', both strongly scented with deep purple flowers, have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

Toxicity
The seeds are poisonous. The ASPCA's Animal Poison Control Center article on heliotropes lists them as a substance which is toxic to horses and can induce liver failure in equines. The plant is not very palatable, but will be eaten by animals with no other forage; poisonings typically occur from ingestion of green plant material or material in hay. The toxic components can cause liver failure, referred to as "walking disease" or "sleepy staggers". Signs include weight loss, weakness, sleepiness, yawning, incoordination, yellowish discoloration to mucous membranes (icterus), neurologic problems secondary to liver failure (aimless walking, chewing motions, head pressing). Animals may appear to be normal at first, then become suddenly affected; the syndrome progresses rapidly over a few days to a week.

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids often cause upset stomachs and liver damage for humans who ingest any part of the plant.

The purple coloration of the flower lent itself to the so-called "heliotrope cyanosis" that was characteristic of severely ill patients in the 1918 flu pandemic.

Weed status in Australia
In the Australian states of South Australia and Victoria, common heliotrope is the most economically damaging of all of the invasive species in Australia, and its cost to the national economy (mainly borne by farmers) over the 60 years up to 2021 is estimated to be over half a billion Australian dollars.

title: Heliotropium arborescens


text: User talk:68.39.79.209

title: User talk:68.39.79.209


text:
Parash Pathar

Parash Pathar (পরশ পাথর Porosh Pathor; English: The Philosopher's Stone; French: La Pierre Philosophale) is a 1958 Bengali language Indian fantasy comedy film. It was Satyajit Ray's first film outside of The Apu Trilogy. It was also his first comedy and first magical realist film. Adapted from a short story of the same name by Parasuram (Rajsekhar Basu), the film offered an early glimpse of Ray's sense of humour, centered on a middle-class clerk who accidentally discovers a stone that can turn other objects into gold.

Plot
Paresh Chandra Dutt (Tulsi Chakrabarti), a middle-class bank clerk in Kolkata, attends a charity match on a rainy day rather reluctantly. At Curzon Park (modern-day Surendranath Park), where the match is apparently to be held, he finds a small, round stone. Thinking it is a marble, he gives it to his nephew. The child discovers that it turns metal into gold (i.e. the philosopher's stone).

Dutt "buys" the stone from the child with sweets after witnessing the stone's power himself. He decides to take a few old cannonballs from the city dump, turn them into gold, and sell them. This scheme makes him rich; as a chauffeur drives him home from the dump, the car pulls into the driveway of a mansion (his new home). He now has a young secretary named Priyatosh Henry Biswas (Kali Banerjee) who, among other things, mentions that Dutt is invited to a cocktail party (his first).

At the party, Dutt acts slightly unnatural before engaging in drunken revelry. When another guest orders him to get out, he turns an iron figurine into gold (thus partially revealing how he became successful). It is not long before this incident is posted as a headline in the papers, causing a panic in Bengal. Paresh Dutt flees with his wife, Giribala (Ranibala Devi), leaving nearly everything (including the stone) with Priyatosh but cautioning him to hand it over if the police arrive.

Soon, Mr. and Mrs. Dutt are taken to a police station for interrogation, and the police discover that the desperate Priyatosh has swallowed the stone. Dr. Nandi (Moni Srimani), a medical specialist, informs the inspector (Haridhan Mukherjee) that Priyatosh is digesting the stone. Soon after Paresh and Giribala Dutt hear of this, they notice the golden objects turning back into iron. The Dutts happily rejoin their servant (Jahar Roy) and Priyatosh.

Cast

 * Tulsi Chakrabarti – Paresh Chandra Dutta
 * Ranibala Devi – Giribala Dutt (Paresh's wife)
 * Kali Banerjee – Priyotosh Henry Biswas (Paresh's personal secretary)
 * Jahar Roy – Brajahari, The servant
 * Gangapada Basu – Businessman Kachalu
 * Haridhan Mukherjee– Police Inspector Chatterjee
 * Bireswar Sen – Police Officer
 * Moni Srimani – Doctor Nandi

Chhabi Biswas, Jahar Ganguli, Pahari Sanyal, Kamal Mitra, Nitish Mukherjee, Subodh Ganguli, Tulsi Lahiri, Amar Mullick, Chandrabati Devi, Renuka Roy, and Bharati Devi also star as cocktail party guests.

Other credits

 * Art Direction – Bansi Chandragupta
 * Sound Editor – Durgadas Mitra

The credits for Parash Pathar are presented not in Bengali (the language used for credits in almost all of Satyajit Ray's films), not even in English, but in French. (This is probably because Ray's films had begun to be quite popular in France.) For this reason, some DVDs of the film include the title "Parash Pathar (la pierre philosophale)," i.e. the title in Bengali and French, respectively.

This is the first Satyajit Ray film to be released with Chhabi Biswas as an actor. In this film, he is merely one of the several guests at the cocktail party. However, in Ray's next film (Jalsaghar), he has the lead role.

Critical reception
Parash Pathar "would belong among Ray's best work, were it not for some rough edges which betray the speed at which it was shot .... its humour only partly transplants to the west." says Andrew Robinson. Satyajit Ray himself described the film as a "combination of comedy, fantasy, satire, farce and a touch of pathos." The film was entered into the 1958 Cannes Film Festival, where it competed for the Palme d'Or (Best Film).

Preservation
The Academy Film Archive preserved Parash Pathar in 2007.

title: Parash Pathar


text:
Talk:Pemoline

Wow... somebody messed up. They placed a link on this page linking to the "official site" of Pemoline. Pemoline is a generic name for a drug.... how can an "offical" site exist? That's like the "Official site" of A.S.A., it makes no sense. (Even if they register a clever domain!) I have to wonder what information they provide when they make a claim like that. I replaced the link with a link to the product monograph. -WH

I wanted to point out, in the article it says it does not cause the loss of appetite that other stimulants do? Well, I took Pemoline from 6 years of age up until 13, and besides putting me in the hurt bag psycologically (which is why I am against giving these drugs to children now), it almost completely suppressed my appetite. In fact, up until I stopped taking it, I was relatively thin. After I ceased taking it, I gained almost 200 pounds over the course of about 3 years and also started to struggle with depression disorders and other mental health disturbances. The fact that a doctor could still find a way to circumvent the FDA recommendation that it not be prescribed on 'sympathetic grounds' is not only appalling, but baffling. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.112.156.69 (talk) 02:01, 10 February 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on Pemoline. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20051205125434/http://www.incb.org/pdf/e/list/green.pdf to http://www.incb.org/pdf/e/list/green.pdf

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No direct evidence for releasing agent activity?
Hello,

I've been trying to verify the claim that pemoline is a releasing agent of dopamine. While I see that this is clearly mentioned in the provided secondary source, the primary source it cites (Iijima 1986) does not make this claim. Furthermore, the actual published FDA pamphlet (FDA 2002) states that pemoline's MOA with regards to dopamine has not been elucidated.

If someone has an original source demonstrating releasing-agent activity, please let me know. At the moment I'm inclined to believe that this is pharmacological hearsay from a time when psychopharmacology was less mature and people were more eager to state mechanistic inferences as fact in their research. Oro Temp (talk) 17:02, 14 July 2024 (UTC)

 * Found it! https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24701/ Oro Temp (talk) 17:17, 14 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pemoline


text:
Talk:Presumption of innocence

and not a ward about magna carta
A significant part of presumption of innocence history? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 132.76.50.6 (talk) 12:01, 1 August 2015 (UTC)

Islam as source for presumption of innocence
How can this article claim that the Romans l     earned of presumption of innocence from them when Islam wasn't invented until 300 years after the Roman Empire (which had existed for hundreds) collapsed? --99.243.60.7 (talk) 00:08, 27 November 2012 (UTC)

UK decryption of data
Article states, "If the suspect is unwilling (or even unable) to do so [decrypt data], it is an offence. Citizens can therefore be convicted and imprisoned without any evidence that the encrypted material was unlawful. Further, the onus is on the defendant to decrypt the data, and having lost the key or the password is not considered reasonable excuse."

This is not actually quite the situation, though this was the position put forward in the press at the time.

It is not an offence to be unable to decrypt data, but the onus is on the defendant to prove that he is unable to do so (but only to the civil standard of proof (i.e. on the balance of probabilities - not beyond reasonable doubt)).

Loosing the key or password is also a reasonable excuse, but the onus is once again on the defendant to prove the point (on the balance of probabilities).

From the article standpoint, these two situations are examples (of many) in UK law where the defendant is presumed guilty unless he can prove himself innocent.

The one controversial area that the press reported was that the defendant is required to provide the decryption key for any file or drive that the authorities deem to be an encrypted, even if it isn't in actuality. This latter point is not the case, the authorities have to prove the offence of refusal to decrypt beyond reasonable doubt - that means proving the file is encrypted (beyond reasonable doubt). This latter point may be easy for an obviously encrypted file, but may be more problematic for a file that appears to be something else (e.g. a binary image of processor code). 109.145.21.107 (talk) 18:02, 15 February 2012 (UTC)

I'm going to go ahead and delete that line from the article because it's a) wrong and b) not in the citation given. As a "citation" for my deletion (can't really cite the absence of something in the article, but I'll drop it here for the record) I have this: http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-25745989. In this case the bloke got away with claiming he'd forgotten it until he thought it would be more convenient to disclose it as part of a separate case - and was then jailed under sect 49 of RIPA. The important thing being that he wasn't initially jailed when the police couldn't prove he hadn't forgotten it.

GoddersUK (talk) 14:38, 5 December 2014 (UTC)

Literal latin translation vs. saying
I just removed 'homo praesumitur bonus donec probetur malus' which is not the historical or cited source for this article, while it is touted as being the direct english to latin translation it is not the foundation of the legal term or saying. The concept of innocent until proven guilty comes from this. I've reverted it because we are talking legal terms; "Ei incumbit probatio qui dicit, non qui negat" is the correct one. The literal translation of the Latin "homo praesumitur bonus donec probetur malus" was the translation of the saying's principal and not the saying itself. ChrisGualtieri (talk) 15:54, 24 February 2012 (UTC)

 * I disagree. The expression "Ei incumbit probatio qui dicit, non qui negat" is about the burden of proof not the presumption of innocence.  It applies equally in civil cases where there is no guilt or innocence.  It means literally, he who asserts must prove, which is not the same as presumption of innocence.  The expression 'homo praesumitur bonus donec probetur malus' translates literally as a man is innocent until proved guilty, and is therefore the correct one.  It's moreover the translation given in Wikipedia already at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Latin_phrases_(H).  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 62.49.31.162 (talk) 10:48, 25 February 2012 (UTC)

Islamic law
I've removed all the speculation about the impact of Islamic law on Western law, since as is noted above, the principle was well-established in the West centuries before the Quran was a twinkle in Mohammed's eye. That said, I'm not sure that the section belongs here at all. Though there seems to be a de facto presumption of innocence in Islamic law for major crimes, with the requiring of several eyewitnesses, nothing that was added indicates that it's actually a presumption of innocence, so much as a case of being very cautious where capital crimes are concerned.

If we're going to keep this in, I'd like to see some specific, cited evidence by reputable sources that say Islamic law has a general principal of presumption of innocence, akin to the Latin one. I'm not an expert on Islamic law, but going by the quotes that were added in support of a presumption of Islam—for example: "Only decide on the basis of proof, be kind to the weak so that they can express themselves freely and without fear, deal on an equal footing with litigants by trying to reconcile them."—it would seem that Islamic law supports a principle of evenhandedness between plaintiff and a defendant in civil cases, rather than actually placing the burden of proof on the prosecutor in criminal cases (excluding potentially capital crimes like adultery).

"Under Islamic law, a tradition had not solidified but doubtful evidence should be rejected upon moral principle". This claim is total BS and should be removed. It's a fundamental principle in Islamic law that 'the onus of proof is on the claimant while the oath is on the defendant', rather than a rejection 'upon moral grounds'. Those who, by their own admission, are 'not experts on Islamic law' should not push their own ignorant opinions.

I've left a small part in, uncited (since I don't think it really belongs and am not going to do much work to keep it here), but I would suggest that we remove even that unless someone can provide clear evidence that at least some schools of Islam explicitly place the burden of proof on the prosecutor in all criminal cases. —Quintucket (talk) 01:01, 1 December 2012 (UTC)

Apparently someone, has despite your efforts at upholding the integrity of the article, someone has reintroduced questionable claims into this article using an indirect reference to "theories". The following statements are seemingly contradictory:
 * There have been theories that the modern principle of Presumption of Innocence was not actually brought about by Roman Law, rather it was by the influence of Islam.
 * After the fall of the Roman Empire, Europe fell back on a Germanic system that presumed guilt.

For Europe to return to a presumption of guilt, it requires a previous presumption of innocence. While there may have been "theories" regarding Islam's influence on modern juris prudence, they can hardly be taken seriously given the tremendous number of references to prior existence of systems supporting a presumption of innocence. (Were not so ill, I'd have listed many more sources, but I assume Wikipedia editors can Google for '"Presumption of innocence" rome')

See: Many many references here, another here, and another here.

Google returns tremendous numbers of potential sources attributing this principal to ancient Rome. Google lists other sources which attribute it to ancient Greece or the ancient Hebrews (although these claims seem to be less substantiated).

For claims of this sort to be credibly made, sources should not be affiliated with the group in question. Meaning, claims from Italy about how great the Romans were can be of questionable bias. Kevin Trumbull (talk) 18:56, 16 November 2014 (UTC)

Presumably the line " 'Suspicion' is also something that is highly condemned, also from some hadith documented by Imam Nawawi[4] " should read "also from the same", not "some". I suggest someone who knows about hadiths checks this and either corrects it or deletes it ("some hadith..." not exactly being a very precise reference...). GoddersUK (talk) — Preceding undated comment added 14:49, 5 December 2014 (UTC)

This is false, you can't say " the principle was well-established in the West centuries before the Quran was a twinkle in Mohammed's eye" when your words are clearly wrong, here even in comparative legal theories and studies Western Laws and Roman Laws are different. I think it is understandably that Islamic Law had it before Western Law, not Roman Law. Alexis Ivanov (talk) 12:03, 12 July 2015 (UTC)

Weasel's playground
The section "The presumption of innocence in modern practice" is such an appalling mess of weaseldom I am sorely tempted to scythe through the entire section. Is anyone interested in helping me try to clean it up? Manning (talk) 21:23, 31 January 2013 (UTC)

um, I'm not sure that they are being used as weasel words- the usage of "some jurisdictions" is meant to indicate that it is not universal- especially since listing the jurisdictions would not actually improve the article.--User:Sstabeler|'''Sstabeler''']]|[[User_talk:"Sstabeler"|talk (talk) 21:32, 1 January 2016 (UTC)

Links to the antithesis
I think this article would be improved by providing links to examples of modern and historical law which do NOT follow the presumption of innocence. A presumption of equality and a presumption of guilt being the two that strike me as most important. — Preceding unsigned comment added by RJamesLoy (talk • contribs) 21:14, 14 March 2013 (UTC)

 * I agree, but I don't know how I'd find this. The first time I found this article I was redirected by "presumption of guilt" which is de facto policy in so many places (many dictatorships, as Japan and Singapore, possibly Confucian countries in general) that I was sure it must be enshrined as an actual policysomewhere, but I don't know where. The now-removed section on Islamic law that I commented on above seemed to indicate a presumption of equality as you call it it (don't know if that's the actual term; I'd call it something like "presumption of equal-weight" or "non-presumption of guilt or innocence"), but it was clearly added by one of those people who try to "prove" that everything good comes from Islam, so I don't know if the actual claims the user was making are true. — Quintucket (talk) 18:27, 16 May 2013 (UTC)

France and Presumption of Innocence
The tracing of "innocent until proven guilty" to Roman law is credible and scholarly.

Then, halfway through the article, the concept is attributed instead to a 17th century Frenchman. It can't be both.

Plus, the paragraph on this Frenchman's contribution is pretty unintelligible, and its source citation is incomplete.

"The presumption of innocence is in fact a legal instrument created by the French cardinal and jurist Jean Lemoine to favor the accused based on the legal inference that most people are not criminals.[18] It is literally considered favorable evidence for the accused that automatically attaches at trial.[19] It requires that the trier of fact, be it a juror or judge, begin with the presumption that the state is unable to support its assertion.[18] To ensure this legal protection is maintained a set of three related rules govern the procedure of criminal trials..."

problematic phrases: "created by" the French cardinal legal inference that "most people are not criminals" evidence "that automatically attaches at trial" ref 19 incomplete — Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.239.213.31 (talk) 06:44, 11 July 2013 (UTC)

Invention by Lemoine
I just changed a sentence that said the presumption was invented by Lemoine, as it clearly says earlier in the article that it goes back to Justinian, centuries before that cardinal's birth. Lemoine may well have set out a version of the presumption of innocence, and no doubt the French are very proud of that, but he did not invent the presumption as a concept. Nor is there sny evidence that the common law presumption goes back to him. 81.102.254.105 (talk) 07:47, 12 May 2014 (UTC)

Justinian
The article on the related concept In dubio pro reo traces it back to an alternative passage in Justinian's Digest: "Favorabiliores rei potius quam actores habentur ("The condition of the defendant is to be favored rather than that of the plaintiff"). Does anyone know a reputable source that clarifies which of the two passages concerns the presumption of innocence? -- Framhein (talk) 13:40, 12 May 2014 (UTC)

pov and this article (Roman/Middle Ages)
Like most people trying to prove a point with a pov, the article (and not just Wikipedia) "proves" that everybody has always presumed innocent until proved guilty. The legal system of yesteryear was quite flawed by modern standards. There were no "checks and balances." In Rome, you sued (in modern terms) someone for murder. If you won, he suffered. If you lost, their were consequences. There was no police investigation, no states attorney, etc.

In the Middle Ages, clerics and nobles gathered affidavits (in effect) to "prove" their innocence. These would not have stood up to modern analysis. So there was a presumption of guilt, which moved things along nicely since the people bringing charges were usually nobles (and clerics). The charges were brought against vagrants, the poor, apparent brigands, who usually did not have the means or ability to defend themselves and certainly not before a judge (no attorney). So proving the presumption of innocence has "been forever" is provably false. Otherwise reliable sources showing otherwise online are not reliable in this regard.

The article is also Euro-Centric. It was probably worse worldwide. Student7 (talk) 14:51, 11 June 2014 (UTC)

reading the rape part...
does it mean that any female in britain can jail any man she had a sex with simply claiming that she was raped? a man obviously cannot prove that it was not forced unless they signed a paper, lol. clarify the article please — Preceding unsigned comment added by 94.154.66.240 (talk) 01:08, 29 January 2015 (UTC)

South Africa
What is up with the South African section? It needs serious fixing. Sir Joseph (talk) 14:12, 7 April 2016 (UTC)
 * I reverted to a prior version which did not contain POV. Sir Joseph (talk) 14:14, 7 April 2016 (UTC)

Anglo-American
I've removed this from the lead: "Under Anglo-American common law, the accused is always presumed innocent in all types of proceedings; proof is always the burden of the accuser." There is no mention of this in the body of the article, and I don't think it's true. The concept of "innocence" is not commonly used in civil proceedings, and the standard of proof is balance of probabilities.--Jack Upland (talk) 22:40, 30 January 2017 (UTC)

Presumption of Guilt should NOT redirect here
It is the exact opposite of the topic being discussed in this article. Xanikk999 (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 01:58, 5 October 2017 (UTC) I tried to fix it but I think I ended up messing up the redirect. Could someone fix it for me? Xanikk999 (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 02:00, 5 October 2017 (UTC)

Presumption of guilt is on the rise. Blacks in the US, 'coup plotters' in Turkey, journalists in Russia, Moslems in many countries. The DVLA and motorists. Definitely time for a separate article.Crawiki (talk) 07:52, 12 December 2017 (UTC) Crawiki (talk) 07:52, 12 December 2017 (UTC)

See also Fixed penalty notice.Crawiki (talk) 08:01, 12 December 2017 (UTC) Crawiki (talk) 08:01, 12 December 2017 (UTC)

Article on Presumption of guilt now exists Crawiki (talk) 12:59, 31 January 2018 (UTC)

Presumption of guilt article is now under threat of deletion, a certain editor having eroded its content prior. For reasons stated above, this must be resisted. Please help. Crawiki (talk) 22:07, 24 February 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Presumption of innocence


text:
Walt Disney Feature Animation Florida

Walt Disney Feature Animation Florida was a division of Walt Disney Feature Animation that operated from 1989 to 2004. Its offices were backlot of the Disney MGM Studios theme park and visitors were allowed to tour the studio in The Magic of Disney Animation attraction to observe animators at work from behind glass-paneled overhead breezeways. The division had primarily animated Mulan, Lilo & Stitch and Brother Bear.

History
Walt Disney Animation placed Max Howard in charge of starting up its Florida animation studio in 1988. Walt Disney Feature Animation Florida began operations in May 1989 with 40 employees. The division was originally planned to work on featurettes and shorts that they could do on its own. 70 animators including Disney veteran supervising animator Mark Henn were hired by 1990. After doing its first work, the Roger Rabbit short, Roller Coaster Rabbit, the division was enlisted to help finish The Rescuers Down Under and work on its companion featurette, The Prince and the Pauper. In the years to come, the Florida unit would continue to make contributions to several of Disney's animated features. On October 7, 1992, the Florida unit was incorporated. On April 22, 1998, Walt Disney Feature Animation Florida moved to a new $70 million facility at the Disney MGM Studios. In June 1998, the Florida division's first feature film, Mulan, was released. The unit continued as a division with its corporate form was merged out on September 30, 1999. Andrew Millstein took charge of the division as senior vice president and general manager of production in 2001 transferring in from The Secret Lab.

In January 2003, Disney initiated a reorganization of its theatrical and animation units to improve resource usage and continued focus on new characters and franchise development. Additionally, Feature Animation was transferred under the Walt Disney Studios in January 2003. In June 2003, 50 animators were laid off after Brother Bear finished up production. The division was developing A Few Good Ghosts (also known as My Peoples) until it was canceled on November 15, 2003. On January 12, 2004, Disney Feature Animation President David Stainton announced the shut down of Walt Disney Feature Animation Florida.

Some laid-off animators were offered transfers to the main studio while most chose to stay in Orlando or were recruited to work for rival animation studios. Other animators created their own startup studios. Legacy Animation Studios was formed by Eddie Pittman along with 15 artists previously laid off from the company. Laid off animators Travis Blaise, Todd Gilbert and Matt Gunther formed their own company, Magnetic Entertainment.

Project Firefly was set up by five former employees on Universal Studios Florida's backlot and worked on Curious George for Universal, alongside two direct to videos for DisneyToon Studios, Pooh's Heffalump Halloween Movie and Brother Bear 2 and Farm Force, a short/pilot as an internal project. Millstein was tapped to head up Florida's replacement and Pixar sequel division, Circle Seven Animation.

Walt Disney Feature Animation Florida was the subject of a documentary on YouTube in 2024. Beyond The Glass: The WDW Animation Building dives into the history of the studio and gives personal recollections from animators who worked there.

Filmography
As Sole Producer

As Animation Service:

title: Walt Disney Feature Animation Florida


text: File:Tom Green County tx seal.jpg

title: File:Tom Green County tx seal.jpg


text:
File:Det Politiske Partiet.png

Summary
Logo of The Political Party of Norway.

title: File:Det Politiske Partiet.png


text:
Ivan Cooper

Ivan Averill Cooper (5 January 1944 – 26 June 2019) was a nationalist politician from Northern Ireland. He was a member of the Parliament of Northern Ireland and a founding member of the Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP). He is best known for leading the civil rights march on 30 January 1972 that developed into the Bloody Sunday massacre.

Early years
Cooper was born in Claudy, County Londonderry, into a working-class Protestant family who were members of the Church of Ireland. He was brought up in nearby Killaloo, before he and his family moved in 1956 to the "Bogside" area of Derry city. He was briefly a member of the Claudy Young Unionist Association until April 1965 when he joined the Northern Ireland Labour Party. As the Labour candidate in the Stormont general election that year, he attracted a moderate amount of cross-community support, but was not elected. Committed to non-violence, he became a major figure in the Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association, which campaigned for equality during the late 1960s. In 1968, Cooper resigned from the Labour Party and founded the Derry Citizens' Action Committee (DCAC), serving as its president until the following year. In the summer of 1968, at a protest meeting in the Guildhall foyer, he suggested that Catholics and Protestants alike should fight for their rights "as the blacks in America were fighting".

Attempting to rise above sectarian politics, he remained hopeful that both Catholics and Protestants could work together, particularly the working classes of both groups, who he believed shared the same greater interests. His nationalist stance, however, led many fellow Protestants to view him as a traitor. Cooper nonetheless remained a practicing Anglican.

Civil rights campaign
Cooper continued his civil rights campaigning, ignoring a month-long ban imposed on marches in Derry in November 1968 by organising a march two days later with the DCAC in which up to 15,000 people took part. Following violence resulting from numerous illegal marches in the city, Cooper called for a halt to spontaneous marches. After escalation of street disturbances at the start of the year, following a march by the People's Democracy movement, which resulted in residents of the Bogside cordoning off areas with impromptu barricades, Cooper managed to persuade locals to remove the barricades. The damage seemed irreparable, however, after a march in Newry got out of control. Most Protestants and many Catholics who had remained supportive of the civil rights actions now withdrew their support.

Parliament
In the 1969 general election, Cooper was elected as an independent member of the Parliament of Northern Ireland for Mid-Londonderry, defeating the sitting Nationalist Party MP, Paddy Gormley.

On 12 August – the start of the few intense days of violence which have become known as the Battle of the Bogside – Cooper tried to restrain Catholics protesting an Apprentice Boys of Derry parade by linking arms with John Hume and Eddie McAteer. However, they were swept aside and Cooper was knocked unconscious by a brick.

Cooper was suspended from Stormont for a week on 20 March after a protest in the Chamber over a Public Order Bill.

SDLP
On 21 August 1970, Cooper co-founded the Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP) with Hume, Paddy Devlin, Austin Currie, Paddy O’Hanlon and Gerry Fitt.

Cooper organised a civil rights and anti-internment march for 30 January 1972, which was to develop into Bloody Sunday, in which fourteen unarmed civilians were murdered by soldiers from the Parachute Regiment on duty in Derry, who opened fire on the crowd.

After the abolition of the Stormont Parliament, Cooper was elected as one of the representatives of Mid Ulster to the Northern Ireland Assembly, 1973 and the Northern Ireland Constitutional Convention in 1975. He was also the SDLP's candidate in the constituency in both the February 1974 and October 1974 Westminster elections. By standing in the first of these, he split the nationalist vote and in effect ensured the defeat of independent MP Bernadette McAliskey.

In 1983, Cooper stood aside after the boundary changes for the new Foyle constituency to let his colleague and friend John Hume contest the seat. The increase in levels of violence intertwined with the politics made Cooper slowly move away from politics. He was later an insolvency consultant.

Legacy
At the height of his political career, Ivan Cooper commanded the largest support of any nationalist Stormont MP. A film was released in 2002, called Bloody Sunday, in which Cooper is portrayed by actor James Nesbitt.

He was the husband of Frances Cooper, and had two daughters; Sinead and Bronagh Cooper.

title: Ivan Cooper


text:
Fuji-Q Highland

Fuji-Q Highland (富士急ハイランド) is an amusement park in Fujiyoshida, Yamanashi, Japan, owned and operated by the namesake Fuji Kyuko Co. It opened on 2 March 1968.

The park is near the base of Mount Fuji. It has a number of roller coasters, as well as two haunted attractions: the Haunted Hospital, the world's largest haunted attraction, and the Hopeless Fortress. Other attractions include Thomas Land, a children's area with a Thomas the Tank Engine theme, and attractions themed to Mobile Suit Gundam, Hamtaro and Neon Genesis Evangelion.

Roller coasters
Fuji-Q Highland has six roller coasters:

 * Eejanaika (ええじゃないか): 76 metres tall, 126 km/h. Opened on 19 July 2006 and is only one of three fourth dimension roller coasters ever built. As a fourth dimension roller coaster, its seats can rotate 360 degrees forward or backward in a controlled spin, thus allowing Eejanaika to invert 14 different times, even though the track itself inverts only three times.
 * Fujiyama (フジヤマ): 79 metres tall, 130 km/h. Opened in 1996 and was once the world's tallest roller coaster. As of 2022, it is the world's 4th longest and 11th tallest roller coaster.
 * Nia and Animal Coaster (ニアとアニマルコースター): 17 km/h. Opened on 18 July 1998. A kiddie coaster themed after Thomas the Tank Engine. Known as Rock 'N Roll Duncan (ロックンロールダンカン) from 1998 to 2023.
 * Takabisha (高飛車): 43 metres tall, 100 km/h. Opened on 16 July 2011. Contains a 121° freefall, as well as seven major inversions over 1000 metres of track. Formerly the world's steepest roller coaster, until the opening of TMNT Shellraiser in 2019.
 * Voyage Dans Le Ciel (リサとガスパールのそらたびにっき): 20 metres tall, 50 km/h. Originally opened on 20 July 2000 as a flying coaster named Birdmen (バードメン). Was converted to an inverted coaster in 2003 due to mechanical issues. Known as Great Fluffy Sky Adventure (ふわふわお空の大冒険) from 2003 to 2017.
 * Zokkon (ぞっこん): 25 metres tall, 73 km/h. Opened on 20 July 2023. Launched steel family coaster.

Other rides

 * Fuji Airways
 * Haunted Hospital – haunted attraction
 * Hopeless Fortress – haunted attraction
 * Nagashimasuka – Hafema River Rapid Ride
 * Panic Clock – Vekoma Air Jumper
 * Red Tower – S&S Turbo Drop
 * Tekkotsu Bancho – Funtime Star Flyer
 * Tentekomai – Gerstlauer Sky Roller
 * Tondemina – Huss Giant Frisbee

Do-Dodonpa safety complaints
From December 2020 to August 2021, at least 6 visitors were injured while riding the Do-Dodonpa roller coaster. This led to the coaster's eventual closure in 2024.

In popular culture
In the 1985 Hong Kong comedy action film My Lucky Stars, starring Sammo Hung and Jackie Chan, the criminal gang's headquarters are underneath Fuji-Q Highland.

In 2006, on the 9th season of the American reality game show The Amazing Race, the final 3 teams visited Fuji-Q Highland and rode Tondemina, Dodonpa and Fujiyama while looking for a clue to their next destination.

title: Fuji-Q Highland


text:
Talk:Samara

Untitled
Soyuz spacecraft is produced by RKK Energiya in Korolevo, Moscow region, not in Samara. --Avitek 05:54, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

Progress cargo ship is produced in Samara —Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.238.139.226 (talk) 00:03, 28 March 2006 (UTC)

Kuybyshev or Kuibyshev?
Google says: 34,800 for Kuybyshev, 154,000 for Kuibyshev. --Yms 07:23, 3 April 2006 (UTC)
 * All Russian translits are per WP:RUS. Google hits are not always a reliable indicator of transliteration used by Anglophones.  See also discussion at Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (Cyrillic).—Ëzhiki (ërinacëus amurënsis) 14:08, 3 April 2006 (UTC)
 * К-у-й-б-ы-ш-е-в -> K-u-i-b-y-sh-e-v
 * In transliteration, "i" stands for "и" and "й". "й" is the short "и"
 * "y" is rather for "ы" but neither "y" nor "i" sounds like "ы"
 * Kuibyshev is better because it shows the difference between "i" and "y" —Preceding unsigned comment added by 85.26.232.227 (talk) 00:33, 6 August 2010 (UTC)
 * Our guidelines are built on a variety of factors, but personal preferences (like the one you describe above) have no play in it. Multiple systems of romanization of Russian exist; we happen to standardize on one that does not match the one you prefer.  Thanks for taking time to comment anyway.—Ëzhiki (Igels Hérissonovich Ïzhakoff-Amursky) • (yo?); August 6, 2010; 22:01 (UTC)

Second Baku
There's a redirect from Second Baku here. However, the article says nothing about why Samara is called so. Can it be explained? --Tone 17:36, 22 April 2008 (UTC)

Means mixture of languages used in town before 1918. See below. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 88.114.204.159 (talk) 18:42, 28 July 2008 (UTC)

It's redirected because of dumb people. Samara region is only the small part of so called Second Baku the huge oil-and-gas bearing basin. First Baku is located on Caucasus, second - Volga-Ural region, third - Western Siberia. See this page of Russian Wikipedia for explanation -. --95.79.134.36 (talk) 19:24, 25 August 2009 (UTC)
 * I cannot read Russian but thank you for your info. The former advisor to the UK Prime-Minister Boris Johnson, Dominic Cummings, had spent 3 years in Samara during the Yeltsin years. The story was that he was supposed to get an airline going from Samara to Vienna, but of course nobody believed that cover story. Now it is clearer what attracted him to Samara, i.e. possible oil business. 2001:8003:A070:7F00:1C1F:4556:76AA:758C (talk) 04:07, 18 November 2020 (UTC)

Samara
According to the OFFICIAL Imperial Russian statistics Samara had on 1 / 14, 1913 95.500 inhabitants, not more. Stavropol nearby (which was renamed later after Italian Communist Party leader to Togliatti) was older than Samara and Volga looked totally different than today. Syzran on the other side of Volga had its population only 45.500. Town was mixed with different languages, Russian, Tatar, Deutsch, Moksha, Erza, Chuvass, and even Kalmuk languages. The town was a centre of business carried out by mainly the Volga Deutsch, invated to Russia by Empress Catherine the Great. My mother´s mother visited in Samara during spring 1920 on her journey from Petrograd to Orenburg to collect the harvest there to the Petrograd Bolshevik City Committee. Town had an European part and Oriental outlook. The first railway bridge, 1435 metre long, named Aleksander Bridge, was the first bridge built over Volga in 1887 - 1890. The Torgovaja was more Oriental Bazaar, than typical Russian market place. In 1888 completed "Schauspielhaus" (photo) had 1.120 places. In 1920 Samara was hit by Cholera famine as all the middle and southern Volga area.

In 1902 the following describtion by unknown traveller was published in one of the St.Petersburger newspaper; "Samara defies describtion. Its best streets are paved, others are welter of mud. This is the typical provincial town with houses ranging from dilapidated wooden structures to fine public and business offices and private residences in addition to 24 Greek churches. The town had grain elevators, flourmills, a brewery, tallow, soap, leather, and tobacco factories. Samara soap was only the second in fme after Kazan soap in whole Russian Empire.

At the foot of a steep hill the great grey Volga flows past Samara. A paddle steamer looking like a row of two-story houses lay at a wharf piled high with goods... sacks of corn and flour, thousands of wooden cases, cart wheels... all asking urgently to be taken south before frost bocked the long waterway."

Volga flows for some distance along the edge of ridge, at its foot, in a west-to-east direction, and finally breaks through the "Samara Gates". West of the gates, however, there are traces of an older pre-glacial valley, between Simbirsk and Syzran, along which the river flowed until, probably, the last inter-glacial period. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 88.114.204.159 (talk) 18:10, 28 July 2008 (UTC)

"Stavropol nearby... was older than Samara and Volga" - it's untruth. Samara was established in 1586, Stavropol(-upon-Volga) in 1737. And what do you mean said "Volga"? The river?

"Town was mixed with different languages, Russian, Tatar, Deutsch, Moksha, Erza, Chuvass, and even Kalmuk languages." - The last Kalmuk people were removed in 1842 by emperor Nicolas I to Lower Volga land (see - ), it's present-day Kalmykia.

"The town was a centre of business carried out by mainly the Volga Deutsch, invated to Russia by Empress Catherine the Great." - What makes you declare this? It's untruth. There were numerous firms of russian businessman.

"The first railway bridge, 1435 metre long, named Aleksander Bridge, was the first bridge built over Volga in 1887 - 1890." - It concerns with Syzran not Samara. --95.79.134.36 (talk) 19:24, 25 August 2009 (UTC)

Foreign Embassies
The German invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941 prompted the evacuation east to Kuybyshev (today Samara) of foreign embassies. (Taken from the official US Embassy Site: http://moscow.usembassy.gov/ministers-and-ambassadors.html, US Ambassador in 1939-41 Laurence A. Steinhardt) 85.26.232.105 (talk) 02:18, 12 December 2010 (UTC)

Boris Johnson's, the British Prime Minister's chief adviser, Dominic Cummings, spent 3 years in Samara during the chaotic Yeltsin Years. Nobody ever knew what he wanted in Russia, given that his explanation to create an air service from Samara to Vienna sounded like a cover story. He might have assumed to find something from the time of the temporary capital, or treasure. 2001:8003:A070:7F00:D5D4:11F2:7C7A:6080 (talk) 07:13, 7 August 2021 (UTC)

needs demographic breakdown
How many ethnic Russians, Tatars, etc.?

What about religious breakdown for the city? —Preceding unsigned comment added by HammerFilmFan (talk • contribs) 14:41, 31 December 2012 (UTC)

Possible copyright problem
This article has been revised as part of a large-scale clean-up project of multiple article copyright infringement. (See the investigation subpage) Earlier text must not be restored, unless it can be verified to be free of infringement. For legal reasons, Wikipedia cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or printed material; such additions must be deleted. Contributors may use sources as a source of information, but not as a source of sentences or phrases. Accordingly, the material may be rewritten, but only if it does not infringe on the copyright of the original or plagiarize from that source. Please see our guideline on non-free text for how to properly implement limited quotations of copyrighted text. Wikipedia takes copyright violations very seriously. Mkativerata (talk) 09:09, 31 August 2014 (UTC)

Timeline of Samara, Russia
What is missing from the city timeline? Please add relevant content. Thank you. -- M2545 (talk) 11:20, 19 May 2015 (UTC)

Religious freedom?!
Who added this section? It sounds half like official russian propaganda and half corrected by someone: on the one hand it entitles Jehovah's Witnesses as a "totalitarian sect" (without link to the corresponding article), and on the other hand it calls this banning as persecution. The title of this subsection and the choice of words should be reviewed and cleaned from biased connotations. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.184.205.177 (talk) 16:28, 18 December 2015 (UTC)
 * It's me who has marked JW as a totalitarian sect, since this definition is official in Russia. Ivan the Knight (talk) 13:07, 9 December 2016 (UTC)

Climate
May be a pedantic point here, but the article says that in really hot summers the temperature easily climbs to 40 degrees (Celsius). Well no it doesn't if the record high temperature is 39.9^C (still very hot of course). Meltingpot (talk) 10:35, 8 July 2016 (UTC)
 * I've removed the sentence. It's unsourced, and since it contradicts the table (which is sourced), there is no point of keeping it. Thanks for catching this!—Ëzhiki (Igels Hérissonovich Ïzhakoff-Amursky) • (yo?); August 3, 2016 ; 13:15 (UTC)

Thanks, and you're welcome. Meltingpot (talk) 12:20, 11 August 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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Requested move 9 August 2017

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: pages moved as per consensus. — usernamekiran (talk)  22:59, 17 August 2017 (UTC)

– Russia's 6th-largest city appears to be the WP:PRIMARYTOPIC. The rivers are not referenced as simply "Samara". —Roman Spinner (talk)(contribs) 06:33, 9 August 2017 (UTC)
 * Samara, Russia → Samara
 * Samara → Samara (disambiguation)

 * Support Rather obvious primary topic. --T*U (talk) 07:02, 9 August 2017 (UTC)

 * Support per nom. —  AjaxSmack  02:35, 10 August 2017 (UTC)
 * Comment - Here are this year's stats not including anything related to geography of Russia. Compare to last year's. Seems that the most popular is the city of Russia. Nevertheless, some other pages, like Samara (fruit), are also viewed decently. --George Ho (talk) 19:40, 10 August 2017 (UTC)
 * Support per nom. Clear primary topic. -- Necrothesp (talk) 10:23, 14 August 2017 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

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this article needs cleanup/sources BADLY
Samara is an important topic. Yet, there is a whole section unreferenced - where someone inserted a link to a website for a museum tossed at the end - this is NOT per guidelines. There is no section on demographics. Some SME's should do some major clean-ups here! 50.111.22.143 (talk) 11:50, 3 February 2019 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 14:52, 27 February 2020 (UTC)
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title: Talk:Samara


text:
The Undead (film)

The Undead is a 1957 horror film directed by Roger Corman and starring Pamela Duncan, Allison Hayes, Richard Garland and Val Dufour. It also features Corman regulars Richard Devon, Dick Miller, Mel Welles and Bruno VeSota. The authors' original working title was The Trance of Diana Love. The film follows the story of a prostitute, Diana Love (Duncan), who is put into a hypnotic trance by psychic Quintus (Dufour), thus causing her to regress to a previous life. Hayes later starred in Attack of the 50 Foot Woman (1958). The film was released on February 14, 1957 by American International Pictures as a double feature with Voodoo Woman.

Plot
Quintus, a psychic researcher who has spent seven years in Tibet, wants to send someone back in time into a past life via hypnosis. He hires (for $500) a prostitute, Diana Love, and plans to send her into a trance over 48 hours so she can access her past life. Quintus' former professor is present to witness it.

Quintus puts Diana into a trance and sends her back into the Middle Ages, where she shares the body of her past self, Helene, who is in prison, sentenced to die at dawn under suspicion of being a witch. That night is the witches' Sabbath and, as tradition dictates, the townsfolk must kill any woman suspected of witchcraft to be safe for the rest of the year.

In her head, Helene can listen to Diana's voice. It advises her to seduce the cell's guard until she is able to knock him out with her chains and escape. The plan works out, and Helene escapes prison, earning the attention of Livia (the witch for whose crimes Helene has been blamed) and of Satan himself. Livia is in love with the knight Pendragon, who only has eyes for Helene. Jealous, Livia constantly tries to get Helene captured without Pendragon knowing. Meanwhile, in the professor's office, Quintus discovers that Diana has changed the past. However, this creates a new complication, because if Helene evades execution, her future selves, including Diana, will never come into existence. As a proof of that, bruises start appearing on Diana's body. To save her, Quentin uses the psychic link between Diana and Helene to physically go back in time. However, once in the past, he starts getting tempted by the idea of being able to witness the results of history changing by Diana's decision.

Meanwhile, Helene tries to survive through the night, knowing that if she succeeds, she will have a whole year to prove her innocence, as the witches' Sabbath occurs once every twelve months. Among the people helping her is Pendragon, the good witch Meg-Maud and the madman Smolkin. Moments before dawn, Quintus manages to reach her and explain the consequences of her continuing to live. Not knowing what to do, she tells Quentin to use his powers of suggestions to make her able to speak with her future selves. All of them have fulfilling lives and wish to keep on existing. After listening to them, Helene accepts her fated death and runs to the local executioner. Pendragon goes after her but is stopped by Livia, who tries to convince him to let Helene die. Enraged, Pendragon kills Livia and tries to save Helene but arrives too late. Moments before dawn, Helene dies at the hands of the executioner. Diana wakes up from her trance, having fully recovered. However, now that her link with Helene has disappeared, Quintus is left physically stranded in the past, much to Satan's amusement.

Cast

 * Pamela Duncan as Diana Love/Helene
 * Richard Garland as Pendragon
 * Allison Hayes as Livia
 * Val Dufour as Quintus Ratcliff
 * Mel Welles as Smolkin
 * Dorothy Neumann as Meg-Maud
 * Billy Barty as The Imp
 * Bruno VeSota as Scroop
 * Aaron Saxon as Gobbo
 * Richard Devon as Satan
 * Dick Miller as The Leper
 * Paul Blaisdell as the corpse in the coffin

Script
The Undead was inspired by an interest in reincarnation during the 1950s (as was the film The She-Creature) prompted by the success of the book The Search for Bridey Murphy by Morey Bernstein. Film rights for this were bought by Paramount Pictures. Charles Griffith recalls: "It [The Undead] was originally called “The Trance of Diana Love”. Roger said to me, “Do me a Bridey Murphy picture.” And I told him that by the time Paramount finishes theirs, ours will fail. At the time, everybody was saying that they were making a bad picture. He just said that we’d get ours done ahead of theirs and clean up. So I did “The Trance of Diana Love” and it got shot funny, especially at the end, where you see the empty clothes before the revelation. It was in iambic pentameter and I had to rewrite it after it was ready to shoot because somebody told Roger that they didn’t understand it. Roger would give it to anybody to read or anybody out on the street. He’d send girls out with scripts." Griffth later elaborated: "I separated all the different things with sequences with the devil, which were really elaborate, and the dialogue in the past was all in iambic pentameter. Roger got very excited by that. He handed the script around for everybody to read, but nobody understood the dialogue, so he told me to translate it into English. The script was ruined.

According to an article in Variety in May 1956 the film was originally called The Hypnosis of Diana Love.

Mel Welles said "it was a wonderful script and it probably would have been the cult film rather than Little Shop of Horrors had it been shot that way. But either Roger or someone at American International Pictures didn't think it was commercially viable to do it that way and at the last minute a decision was made to rewrite the script without that."

By the time The Undead was being made, the popularity of reincarnation was starting to dwindle. Therefore, Corman decided that they needed to change it up a little and added the time travel elements of Quintis, and changed the title to The Undead.

Finance
In May 1956 Corman announced the movie was to be made for Walter Mirisch at Allied Artists. In July 1956 Variety reported that Corman would fully finance the film himself, although it would be distributed by AIP.

Cast

Pamela Duncan says Roger Corman called her up "out of the blue" and offered her the lead. "I don't know what made him think of me except that he must have seen me in something; I worked a lot and I was on TV a lot." She later worked with Corman on Attack of the Crab Monsters.

Mel Welles called his role of Smolkin "one of the best characters I ever played. I played him kind of insane and what was wonderful was the one of my reviews compared me to Stanley Holloway in one of his Shakespearean gravedigger roles."

AIP's special effects artist Paul Blaisdell was drafted to play the corpse in the coffin in the graveyard scene, which he said was a lot of fun. His eyes however were supposed to remain open and staring throughout the scene, and he said it was difficult because little particles of the coffin lid kept falling into them like dust.

Filming
Filming started on July 26, 1956.

The movie was filmed in a converted supermarket, and was completed in only ten days, according to Griffith, costing $70,000. Duncan says it was shot in six days. Griffith has also said "it was $55,000, fifteen trees with Spanish moss and a fog machine. That was a big deal for Roger then."

The bats that the imp and witch continually change into were left over from another Corman movie, It Conquered the World.

Griffith says the film was "a fun picture to shoot... We filled it [the supermarket] with palm trees and fog, and it was the first time Roger had used any of that stuff. He didn't like to rent anything. You could see the zipper on the witch's dress and all the gimmicks were very obvious and phony—Roger deliberately played to skid row, a degenerate audience."

Welles recalls "we almost died of asphixiation from all the creosote fog that was created in" the supermarket. Devon said "They had a bee-smoker to create the dreadful-smelling fog."

Some exteriors were shot at a location known as "The Witch's House", a storybook house in Beverly Hills.

The movie was the first of several Devon made with Corman. However he did not enjoy The Undead, saying: "(Corman)'s temper was really quite awesome. On The Undead, someone had left one of my speeches out of the script, so naturally I couldn't learn what wasn’t there. And he was not just upset, he was maniacal. Anything that cost a penny over his minuscule budget turned him into a monster... He was just screaming his head off. Everybody was telling him that it could be rectified, and I said [calmly], 'Roger, it's all right, don't worry about it. We'll get somebody to write it out on a card or something and I'll read it.' So one of the prop guys wrote it out on a little cardboard box and I read it. We did it in one take, and that was it." Devon also recalled that "Mel Welles just played everything off the top of his head and he came out all right, but it was difficult to keep from looking foolish. Pamela Duncan pressed very hard, and Dick Garland worked hard, too. but everything was against them as far as the dialogue was concerned. It was just coming down around their ears. Everybody that was on the show was quite professional and they really tried. They really put forth an effort."

Pamela Duncan says she enjoyed working with Corman.

Corman wanted to use a crypt to launch the film.

Critical reception
The Los Angeles Times called The Undead "a better than usual horror film... a rather imaginative yarn... for this type picture the acting is quite good... Corman has turned out a good product."

Variety said "The pacing Is slow and the thrills at a minimum... Pamela Duncan [is]... capable of giving substance to better material than provided here... others have a hard time with the material. Lensing by William Sickner, special effects, background score and other technical aids are okay for the budget and quick shooting schedule."

Legacy
The Undead was later featured on Mystery Science Theater 3000 during its eighth season. It was also shown on the MeTV show Svengoolie on April 3, 2021, December 18, 2021, December 30, 2023, and June 29, 2024.

title: The Undead (film)


text:
Seduction (Heifner play)

Seduction is a 2004 one-act play by Jack Heifner. It is an all-male, gay adaptation of the 1897 play La Ronde (or Reigen) by Arthur Schnitzler.

Structure
The encounters closely follow those of Schnitzler's play, albeit with some changes to the characters' archetypes. The encounters are as follows:
 * 1) The Sex Worker and the Sailor
 * 2) The Sailor and the Gardner (the Parlor Maid, originally the third partner in La Ronde, has her day off)
 * 3) The Gardner and the Young Gentleman
 * 4) The Young Gentleman and the Professor
 * 5) The Professor and His Partner
 * 6) The Partner and the Dim-Witted Teen
 * 7) The Dim-Witted Teen and the Playwright
 * 8) The Playwright and the Actor
 * 9) The Actor and the Movie Producer
 * 10) The Movie Producer and the Sex Worker

Production history
Seduction had its world premiere in San Francisco at the New Conservatory Theatre on January 31, 2004, directed by Christopher Jenkins. The play had its European premiere that same year, with Tim McArthur directing the production. It opened at the Baron's Court Theatre in London on November 9, 2004.

It was revived in London in 2011 by Above The Stag Theatre, with Peter Bull directing and Lee Proud choreographing.

title: Seduction (Heifner play)


text:
User talk:Isaiah Sage

Welcome
Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --fpo 05:56, August 22, 2005 (UTC)
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Speedy deletion of Boston Tea Party (political party)
A tag has been placed on Boston Tea Party (political party), requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section G4 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be a repost of material that was previously deleted following a deletion debate, such as at articles for deletion. Under the specified criteria, where an article has substantially identical content to that of an article deleted after debate, and any changes in the content do not address the reasons for which the material was previously deleted, it may be deleted at any time.

If you think that this notice was placed here in error, you may contest the deletion by adding  to the top of the page that has been nominated for deletion (just below the existing speedy deletion or "db" tag), coupled with adding a note on the talk page explaining your position, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the article meets the criterion it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the article that would would render it more in conformance with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. Lastly, please note that if the article does get deleted, you can contact one of these admins to request that a copy be emailed to you. Badger Drink (talk) 04:04, 1 November 2008 (UTC)

November 2008
A tag has been placed on requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia, because it appears to be a repost of material that was previously deleted following a deletion discussion. If you can indicate how it is different from the previously posted material, place the template hangon underneath the other template on the article and put a note on the page's discussion page saying why this article should stay. Administrators will look at your reasoning before deciding what to do with the page. If you believe the original discussion was unjustified, please use deletion review instead of continuing to recreate the page. Thank you. Chris Cunningham (not at work) - talk 07:40, 1 November 2008 (UTC)

Nomination of Boston Tea Party (political party) for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Boston Tea Party (political party) is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Boston Tea Party (political party) & until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. B (talk) 15:30, 7 April 2013 (UTC)

title: User talk:Isaiah Sage


text:
Hal Varian

Hal Ronald Varian (born March 18, 1947, in Wooster, Ohio) is Chief Economist at Google and holds the title of emeritus professor at the University of California, Berkeley where he was founding dean of the School of Information. Varian is an economist specializing in microeconomics and information economics.

Varian joined Google in 2002 as its chief economist. He played a key role in the development of Google's advertising model and data analysis practices.

Early life
Hal Varian was born on March 18, 1947, in Wooster, Ohio. He received his B.S. from MIT in economics in 1969 and both his M.A. in mathematics and Ph.D. in economics from the University of California, Berkeley in 1973.

Career
Varian taught at MIT, Stanford University, the University of Oxford, the University of Michigan, the University of Siena and other universities around the world. He has two honorary doctorates, from the University of Oulu, Finland in 2002, and a Dr. h. c. from the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany, awarded in 2006. He is emeritus professor at the University of California, Berkeley, where he was founding dean of the School of Information.

Varian joined Google in 2002 as chief economist, and has worked on the design of advertising auctions, econometrics, finance, corporate strategy, and public policy.

Varian is the author of two bestselling textbooks: Intermediate Microeconomics, an undergraduate microeconomics text, and Microeconomic Analysis, an advanced text aimed primarily at first-year graduate students in economics. Together with Carl Shapiro, he co-authored Information Rules: A Strategic Guide to the Network Economy and The Economics of Information Technology: An Introduction. According to the Open Syllabus Project, Varian is the fourth most frequently cited author on college syllabi for economics courses.

In September 2023, Varian was called to testify by the DOJ in the U.S. et al. v. Google lawsuit on a memo he wrote in 2003: "Thoughts on Google v Microsoft." with the subject "We should be careful about what we say in both public and private". The DOJ also brought up memos where Varian instructed Google employees to avoid the use of language such as "market share," "scale," "network effects," "leverage," "lock up," "lock in," "bundle," and "tie.", to avoid Google from being perceived as being a monopoly and to avoid scrutiny from antitrust watchdogs.

Personal life
Varian is married and has one child, Christopher Max Varian.

title: Hal Varian


text:
Nothing and Nowhere

Nothing and Nowhere is the first studio album by the Canadian band The Birthday Massacre, released on July 23, 2002. The album was re-released in 2004 with new artwork due to high demand. Original pressings of the release sell for high prices to collectors on eBay.

Reworked and re-recorded tracks of "Happy Birthday", "Horror Show", "Video Kid" and "The Dream" appear on their 2004 album, Violet, but only the LP version. A reworked and re-recorded version of "To Die For" later appeared on the band's 2007 album, Walking with Strangers, and a remastered version of "Over" appeared on the 2016 compilation album Imagica.

Credits

 * Chibi - vocals
 * Rainbow - rhythm guitar, programming
 * Michael Falcore - lead guitar
 * J. Aslan - bass guitar
 * O.E. - drums

Reception

 * Vampirefreaks link

title: Nothing and Nowhere


text:
Talk:Pakhom

The English-language name for this saint is Saint Pachomius; Wikipedia has an existing article. Any reason not to merge? --Wetman 05:58, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

Yeah, this should just be merged w/ Pachomius. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 139.140.169.173 (talk • contribs)

I agree..they should be merged. I'll do it this weekend absent any protest. Carl.bunderson 21:57, 12 May 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pakhom


text:
Sealed server

A sealed server is a type of server which is designed to run without users logging in. This setup has several potential benefits over a traditional server:
 * Stronger security. Since users do not log in, it is possible for a sealed server to use stronger authentication than a password mechanism.
 * Transparency. Since files are not accessed directly, a sealed server can store its payload in any format, without the clients needing any information about this.
 * Less opportunity for user error. Since a user does not have full control over the files on the server, there is less opportunity for them to, for example, change the mode of a private file to be world-readable.

A sealed server is primarily useful for data-centric mechanisms such as email, and is unsuited to file-centric protocols such as FTP.

title: Sealed server


text: User:Wakemeupwhen

title: User:Wakemeupwhen


text:
Oh Baby (TV series)

Oh Baby is an American sitcom series that ran on Lifetime from August 26, 1998, to March 4, 2000. The series was produced by Mandalay Television for Columbia TriStar Television.

Oh Baby was based on the real-life experience of the show's executive producer Susan Beavers. The show's theme song was performed by Jimmy Beavers, Susan's brother.

GetTV announced at 6:30 PM on September 12, 2021, that Oh Baby will enter reruns and would air on Mondays to Fridays starting November 1, 2021.

Plot
The series follows Tracy Calloway, a single working woman who decides to have a child through artificial insemination, a decision that was spurred by an increase in working mothers at her workplace. Using a fourth wall technique, she tells the audience watching about the joy and sorrows of being a single mother while showing videos of her and her family and friends in her life.

As Tracy successfully goes through with the process, she eventually finds support in Dr. Charlotte St. John, her best friend—who also works at Tracy's company as a psychiatrist and can dole out advice on how to be a single mother (she was twice divorced and had two children with different fathers)—and in her brother Ernie, an aspiring painter who wants out of his marriage and to move to Europe.

The only person who initially has mixed feelings about Tracy's decision was her mother, Celia. At first, Celia thinks that Tracy has made the biggest mistake of her life by going through with the procedure, but eventually Celia comes to accept it. Despite that, Tracy knows her mother's reputation for trying to control her and Ernie's life, which indeed did play out through her pregnancy, with hilarious results.

Tracy's pregnancy also involves other situations which meet with hilarious results such as constant and uncontrollable water bursts and learning to breastfeed, including an incident when her lactating breast is accidentally exposed at a restaurant. Tracy also plays matchmaker for Charlotte, by hooking her up with her gynecologist Dr. Doug Bryan, leading to an on-again-off-again romance between the two.

By the end of the first season, Tracy gives birth to a son (a viewers' contest sponsored by Lifetime allowed fans to pick the baby's name). In August 1999, "Daniel" was the choice picked by viewers.

During the second season, Tracy finds herself trying to balance a life as a working mother as well as bearing Celia's constant interference, with disastrous results. That friction eventually also costs Tracy her job. As soon as she is let go, her fellow co-workers snatch everything from her cubicle.

Following that event, she and Charlotte decide to go into business for themselves by launching an online retail business called TrustMom.com whose logo is a picture of Celia, despite Tracy's objections.

Cast

 * Cynthia Stevenson (Tracy Calloway)
 * Joanna Gleason (Charlotte St. John)
 * Jessica Walter (Celia Calloway)
 * Patrick Kerr (Brad)
 * Jack Coleman (Rick)
 * Matt Champagne (Ernie Calloway)
 * Ken Jenkins (Fred Calloway)
 * Tom Gallop (Jeff)
 * Justina Machado (Mona)

 * Julie Neumark (Teenage Tracy)
 * Lynnanne Zager (Newscaster)
 * Alison Martin (Nora)
 * Miles Grose (Customer Service Agent)
 * Mimi Rose (Frances)
 * Chad Everett (The Colonel)
 * Marley McClean (Molly)
 * Colin Spensor (Bradley)
 * Florence Stanley (Beverly)

 * Jeff Yagher (Noah)
 * Julie Bowen (Nikky)
 * Greg Evigan (Billy)
 * Eric Szmanda (Brent)
 * Steve Wilder (Vince)
 * Doug Ballard (Dr. Doug Bryan)
 * Don McManus (Don Lewis)
 * Cheyenne Haynes (Sara)

title: Oh Baby (TV series)


text: User talk:70.104.158.72

title: User talk:70.104.158.72


text:
User:Spaltavian

Welcome
Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Questions, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Karmafist 06:02, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

title: User:Spaltavian


text:
Scot Shields

Robert Scot Shields (born July 22, 1975) is an American former professional baseball relief pitcher. He played his entire baseball career with the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim of Major League Baseball (MLB). He was the last member of the Anaheim Angels' 2002 World Series Championship team remaining on the team's roster when he announced his retirement in 2011.

Minor league career
He graduated from Fort Lauderdale High School and attended Lincoln Memorial University while majoring in kinesiology. He was drafted by the then-Anaheim Angels in the 38th round (1137th overall) of the 1997 MLB draft.

He began his career as a reliever in 1997 with Low-A Boise, earning a 7-2 record with two saves and a 2.94 ERA. The next year, he moved to Single-A Cedar Rapids, compiling a 6-5 record, seven saves and a 3.65 ERA. In 1999, he split his time as a starter and a reliever at High-A Lake Elsinore, gaining a 10-3 record with a 2.52 ERA and one save. In nine starts, he pitched two complete games and one shutout. For his efforts that year, he was named Angels Minor League Pitcher of the Year. He was promoted to Triple-A Edmonton in 2000, where he struggled with a 7-13 record and a 5.41 ERA.

Major league career
Though he started the 2001 season with the Triple-A Salt Lake Stingers, Shields was called up to MLB on May 25, making his debut against Tampa Bay Rays on May 26, pitching one-plus innings and allowing one hit and one walk. He was optioned back to Salt Lake, but was recalled on June 27. In eight relief appearances with the Angels, Shields allowed eight hits and seven walks before being optioned back to Salt Lake, where he stayed for the remainder of the season.

Though he began 2002 with the Stingers, Shields was recalled to the major leagues on June 14, this time for good. In his final 38 relief appearances, he allowed only seven earned runs, only allowing opponents a .176 average, the best in the league. He also started for the club on September 27 against the Seattle Mariners, receiving a no-decision and allowing four hits and two earned runs while striking out two.

Shields was a fixture in the Angels bullpen after the 2002 campaign. He was a member of the 2002 World Series Championship team, but did not fare well in the postseason—he allowed 2 home runs in 1$2/3$ innings in Game 5 of the Series, his only appearance in the playoffs that year.

Shields began, his first full year in the majors, in the bullpen. He posted a 1.68 ERA, working at least three innings twelve times. He led the American League with 69.2 innings of relief before moving into the Angels' starting rotation to end the season in August. As a starter, Shields was 4-6 with a 3.89 ERA, pitching at least seven innings in six of his thirteen starts. He ended the season with a 5-6 record and a 2.85 ERA.

For the campaign, Shields returned to the Angels bullpen. He pitched 22 consecutive shutout innings from May 9 to June 11, and worked three scoreless innings five times during the season. With fellow reliever Francisco Rodríguez, he was part of the first pair of relievers to post 100 strikeouts in one season since, and was third in the American League in strikeouts with 109. In the post-season that year, he struggled in two appearances during the ALDS, pitching three innings and allowing two earned runs with a 6.00 ERA.

When Rodríguez replaced veteran Troy Percival as the Angels' closer in, Shields emerged as the club's trusted setup man, pitching the eighth inning as the bridge to Francisco. In this capacity, he led the American League with 91.2 innings of relief pitching, and ranked second with 98 strikeouts and 32 holds. When Francisco was placed on the disabled list from May 15 to May 31, Shields stood in as the club's closer, earning five saves in six save opportunities. Overall, Shields posted a 10-11 record with a 2.75 ERA.

Shields represented the United States in the 2006 World Baseball Classic, the only member of the Angels to play for the USA squad. Shields finished the season with a 7-7 record, an ERA of 2.87 and 84 strikeouts. He led the league in holds with 31, and was second among American League relief pitchers in innings pitched with 87.2 innings.

Shields' 2007 season saw his ERA rise to 3.86 as he also failed to surpass 80 innings. He finished 4-5 in 71 games.

In 2008, Shields had a career low 2.70 ERA in 64 games.

Early in the 2009 season, he had to receive surgery on his left leg which forced him onto the disabled list for the remainder of the season. He finished with only 20 appearances on the season.

Shields was the team's setup man for the Angels prior to his surgery, holding the lead if necessary in the 8th and sometimes both 7th and 8th innings until the Angels go to closer Brian Fuentes.

After the surgery, Shields was not the same for the 2010 season. He pitched in 43 games while also starting a game for the first time since 2003. His ERA rose to 5.28 while also walking 34 in only 46 innings. His control issues were due to the injury he sustained in the previous year.

Shields retired after the end of the 2010 season. In 2011, he was named by Sports Illustrated as the "Setup Man of the Decade."

Pitches and abilities
He is highly praised not only for the quality of his performance, but for his versatility. In his career with the Angels, he has served as a starter, long reliever, middle reliever, setup man, and closer, depending on the needs of the team at the time. Shields is known to have a "rubber arm", meaning he has excellent endurance and does not need to ice his arm after pitching. During college, he once pitched a game of 16 innings, throwing 261 pitches. He throws a hard, sinking fastball that clocks anywhere between 92 and 95 MPH, and a slurve. He is most famous though for throwing his 2-seam/No-seam fastball with tremendous movement.

title: Scot Shields


text:
Talk:Boehm garbage collector

Good intro
I just wanted to say, the intro para to this article is spectacular. Hits all the important points with excellent brevity. Good job. Deco 06:02, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

C++
Please somebody could add some c++ object orited code using GC? It is basic. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 200.108.215.226 (talk) 14:41, 6 November 2008 (UTC)

License
Interestingly, I see that in the source, COPYING and various file headers claim GNU GPL. It is unfortunate, but it seems to be more restictive than the article-claimed X11 license. 76.10.128.192 (talk) 07:51, 9 March 2012 (UTC)
 * Well, from a citation on the site:
 * A few of the files needed to use the GNU-style build procedure come with slightly different licenses, though they are all similar in pirit.  A few are GPL'ed, but with an exception that should cover all uses in the collector.
 * 76.10.128.192 (talk) 07:56, 9 March 2012 (UTC)

Atomic malloc?
The sample code for C uses GC_MALLOC_ATOMIC. Can someone explain why it uses an atomic malloc vs nonatomic? It seems like this would be an interesting gotcha as (I believe) malloc is an atomic operation.

 * GC_malloc_atomic allocates memory that will not be scanned for pointers. Kind of a funny name, but... 2001:4830:1100:235:0:0:0:2 (talk) 02:13, 27 August 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Boehm garbage collector


text:
Pacific parakeet

The Pacific parakeet (Psittacara strenuus), known as Pacific conure or Nicaraguan green conure in aviculture, is a species of bird in subfamily Arinae of the family Psittacidae, the African and New World parrots. It is found in southern Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua.

Taxonomy and systematics
The Pacific parakeet was for a time placed in the genus Aratinga but from about 2013 has been in its present genus Psittacara. Its taxonomy is otherwise unsettled. The International Ornithological Committee, the American Ornithological Society, and the Clements taxonomy treat it as a full, monotypic, species. BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) considers it to be a subspecies of the green parakeet (P. holochlorus).

Description
The Pacific parakeet is about 32 cm long. The sexes are alike. Adults are generally olive green that is slightly yellowish on the underparts; some have red speckles on their neck. The undersides of their flight feathers and tail are olive-yellow. Their iris is orange-red surrounded by bare pale beige skin, their bill horn colored, and their legs and feet brownish.

Distribution and habitat
The Pacific parakeet is found on the Pacific slope from southern Mexico's Oaxaca state south through Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras into central Nicaragua. It inhabits a variety of woodland landscapes including deciduous, semi-deciduous, and evergreen; gallery forest; swamp forest; and arid scrublands. It also occurs in upland pine-oak forest and in urban parks and gardens. In elevation it ranges from sea level to 2600 m.

Movement
The Pacific parakeet is non-migratory but makes local movements in response to food availability.

Feeding
The Pacific parakeet's diet has not been fully documented but is known to include seed and fruits. It can be a crop pest. Flocks may exceed 100 individuals.

Breeding
The Pacific parakeet's breeding biology is not well known. It has been documented nesting in rock crevices and cavities in earthen banks; it probably also nests in cavities in trees and termitaria. Its breeding season appears to include June to September.

Vocalization
The Pacific parakeet's flight call is rendered as "kreh!-kreh!-kreh!-kreh!...". Its perched call is lower pitched, "a scratchy kreeh-kreeh-kreeh-kreei-kreei".

Status
The IUCN follows HBW taxonomy and so includes the Pacific parakeet in its assessment of the green parakeet as being of Least Concern. It has estimated that the combined population numbers about 200,000 mature individuals and is decreasing. No immediate threats have been identified. It is thought to be fairly numerous in parts of its range and occurs in at least two protected areas.

title: Pacific parakeet


text: File:Samefolketsparti.png

title: File:Samefolketsparti.png


text:
Do-Dodonpa

Do-Dodonpa (ド･ドドンパ), formerly known as Dodonpa (ドドンパ), was a steel roller coaster located at Fuji-Q Highland in Fujiyoshida, Yamanashi, Japan. Manufactured by S&S – Sansei Technologies, the launched coaster used compressed air to propel its trains. It opened on 21 December 2001 as the fastest roller coaster in the world with the fastest acceleration, reaching a top speed of 172 km/h in 1.8 seconds. The ride was refurbished in 2017, removing its top hat element in favor of a vertical loop, as well as increasing its speed and acceleration to 180 km/h in 1.56 seconds. In 2021, the ride was closed down indefinitely after multiple complaints of riders sustaining broken bones were raised. The ride's permanent closure was officially announced on 13 March 2024.

History
Dodonpa opened on 21 December 2001, and was marketed by Fuji-Q Highland as the fastest roller coaster in the world. The fastest speed record was previously held by Superman: The Escape at Six Flags Magic Mountain and Tower of Terror at Dreamworld, both of which accelerated to 160.9 km/h in 7 seconds. Reaching top speeds of 107 mph in 1.6 seconds, Dodonpa retained this title for nearly a year and a half before Cedar Point's Top Thrill Dragster overtook it in May 2003.

Dodonpa closed in 2016 for a major renovation. The ride's top hat was removed and replaced with a 49 m vertical loop, announced in a February 2017 press release from the manufacturer. Steel fabrication was provided by Intermountain Lift, Inc. Dodonpa reopened on 15 July 2017 as Do-Dodonpa. The renovated and revamped ride featured an increased acceleration and maximum speed, which changed from 0 to 172 km/h in 1.8 seconds to 0 to 180 km/h in 1.6 seconds. The track length also increased from 1189 to 1,244 m. The renovation made Do-Dodonpa the world's first air-powered coaster to feature an inversion, as well as the fastest coaster in the world with an inversion.

On 13 March 2024, Fuji-Q Highland announced Do-Dodonpa's permanent closure.

Ride experience
The name of the ride stems from the drumming sound that was played from the speakers in the ride's queue. This repetitive percussive music is created by taiko drums, an old traditional Japanese drum that was used to demonstrate power and influence in pre-modern Japanese villages. These drums were supposedly used in warfare to rally troops and scare off the enemy with their thundering sound.

Once passengers boarded the ride, the train moved them from the loading station to the launch pad, where it waited, allowing time for the compressed air to build up. When the ride was ready to launch, a voice in English said "Launch time!" and began a three-second countdown to launch.

After the coaster launched at 180. km/h, it entered a wide-radius curve followed by a 49 m vertical loop (a top hat prior to 2017). The train then entered a slight left turn before hitting a brake run. A second left turn followed by a right U-turn, both taken at slower speeds, brought the train back to the station.

The ride had a total of 4 trains with 4 cars per train. Each car sat 2 riders side-by-side, resulting in a total capacity of 8 riders per train.

Characteristics
The 55 second ride took the rider across 1244 m of steel tracks, and peaked at a maximum height of 49 metres. This gave the ride an acceleration at launch of 32 m/s2, and up to 3.3 g. By comparison, astronauts only experience 3 g at liftoff, though for a duration substantially longer than 1.6 seconds. While the ride has operated at speeds of up to 193 km/h, its rubber tires prevented it from performing reliably at these speeds, so engineers capped the speed at 172 km/h prior to the ride's renovation.

Before Do-Dodonpa's initial opening, only two roller coasters reached or went beyond the 161 km/h barrier. As of 2024, that number stands at five (excluding Do-Dodonpa): Superman: Escape from Krypton, Red Force, Top Thrill 2, Kingda Ka, and Formula Rossa. Tower of Terror II, which was previously known as Tower of Terror, once traveled at least 161 km/h as well, but it is no longer in operation.

Incidents
Since its opening in 2001, Do-Dodonpa has had several incidents resulting in injury to passengers.

On 15 May 2007, a 37-year-old man sustained a minor injury when a plastic cover at the front of the train came loose and hit his right knee. The man was not badly injured because the plastic cover disconnected near the end of the ride when the train had slowed down significantly. Fuji-Q Highland stated that the cover likely came off due to cracks created over time by vibrations in the train. Further inspection of the other trains showed no similar damage.

From December 2020 to August 2021, there were 18 injuries sustained while riding Do-Dodonpa, which included nine incidents of broken bones. Fuji-Q Highland owner Hiroaki Iwata apologized for the injuries at a press conference speech on 31 August 2021, stating that an official investigation of these incidents had been ongoing since December 2020. On 13 March 2024, the park officially announced the permanent closure of the ride.

title: Do-Dodonpa