text:
Boyer–Lindquist coordinates

In the mathematical description of general relativity, the Boyer–Lindquist coordinates are a generalization of the coordinates used for the metric of a Schwarzschild black hole that can be used to express the metric of a Kerr black hole.

The Hamiltonian for particle motion in Kerr spacetime is separable in Boyer–Lindquist coordinates. Using Hamilton–Jacobi theory one can derive a fourth constant of the motion known as Carter's constant.

The 1967 paper introducing Boyer–Lindquist coordinates was a posthumous publication for Robert H. Boyer, who was killed in the 1966 University of Texas tower shooting.

Line element
The line element for a black hole with a total mass equivalent $$M$$, angular momentum $$J$$, and charge $$Q$$ in Boyer–Lindquist coordinates and geometrized units ($$G=c=1$$) is
 * $$ ds^2 = -\frac{\Delta}{\rho^2}\left(dt - a \sin^2\theta \,d\phi \right)^2 +\frac{\sin^2\theta}{\rho^2}\Big(\left(r^2+a^2\right)\,d\phi - a \,dt\Big)^2 + \frac{\rho^2}{\Delta}dr^2 + \rho^2 \,d\theta^2 $$

where
 * $$\Delta = r^2 - 2Mr + a^2 + Q^2,$$ called the discriminant,
 * $$\rho^2 = r^2 + a^2 \cos^2\theta,$$

and
 * $$a = \frac{J}{M},$$ called the Kerr parameter.

Note that in geometrized units $$M$$, $$a$$, and $$Q$$ all have units of length. This line element describes the Kerr–Newman metric. Here, $$M$$ is to be interpreted as the mass of the black hole, as seen by an observer at infinity, $$J$$ is interpreted as the angular momentum, and $$Q$$ the electric charge. These are all meant to be constant parameters, held fixed. The name of the discriminant arises because it appears as the discriminant of the quadratic equation bounding the time-like motion of particles orbiting the black hole, i.e. defining the ergosphere.

The coordinate transformation from Boyer–Lindquist coordinates $$r$$, $$\theta$$, $$\phi$$ to Cartesian coordinates $$x$$, $$y$$, $$z$$ is given (for $$m\to 0$$) by: $$\begin{align} x &= \sqrt {r^2 + a^2} \sin\theta\cos\phi \\ y &= \sqrt {r^2 + a^2} \sin\theta\sin\phi \\ z &= r \cos\theta \end{align}$$

Vierbein
The vierbein one-forms can be read off directly from the line element:
 * $$\sigma^0 = \frac{\sqrt\Delta}{\rho}\left(dt - a \sin^2\theta \,d\phi \right)$$
 * $$\sigma^1 = \frac{\rho}{\sqrt\Delta}dr$$
 * $$\sigma^2 = \rho \,d\theta$$
 * $$\sigma^3 = \frac{\sin\theta}{\rho}\Big(\left(r^2+a^2\right)\,d\phi - a \,dt\Big)$$

so that the line element is given by
 * $$ds^2=\sigma^a\otimes\sigma^b \eta_{ab}$$

where $$\eta_{ab}$$ is the flat-space Minkowski metric.

Spin connection
The torsion-free spin connection $$\omega^{ab}$$ is defined by
 * $$d\sigma^a + \omega^{ab} \wedge \sigma^c \eta_{bc}=0$$

The contorsion tensor gives the difference between a connection with torsion, and a corresponding connection without torsion. By convention, Riemann manifolds are always specified with torsion-free geometries; torsion is often used to specify equivalent, flat geometries.

The spin connection is useful because it provides an intermediate way-point for computing the curvature two-form:
 * $$R^{ab}=d\omega^{ab}+\omega^{ac}\wedge\omega^{db}\eta_{cd}$$

It is also the most suitable form for describing the coupling to spinor fields, and opens the door to the twistor formalism.

All six components of the spin connection are non-vanishing. These are:
 * $$\omega^{01}=\frac{1}{\rho^3}

\left[\frac{-2Mr^2+2rQ^2+a^2[M+r+(M-r)\cos 2\theta]}{2\sqrt{\Delta}}\,\sigma^0 +ra\sin\theta\,\sigma^3\right]$$

 * $$\omega^{02}=\frac{a\cos\theta}{\rho^3}

\left[a\sin\theta\,\sigma^0+\sqrt{\Delta}\,\sigma^3\right]$$

 * $$\omega^{03}=\frac{a}{\rho^3}

\left[r\sin\theta\,\sigma^1-\sqrt{\Delta}\cos\theta\,\sigma^2\right]$$

 * $$\omega^{12}=\frac{1}{\rho^3}

\left[a^2\sin\theta\cos\theta\,\sigma^1+r\sqrt{\Delta}\,\sigma^2\right]$$

 * $$\omega^{13}=\frac{r}{\rho^3}

\left[a\sin\theta\,\sigma^0+\sqrt{\Delta}\,\sigma^3\right]$$

 * $$\omega^{23}=\frac{\cot\theta}{\rho^3}

\left[a\sqrt{\Delta}\sin\theta\,\sigma^0+(r^2+a^2)\,\sigma^3\right]$$

Riemann and Ricci tensors
The Riemann tensor written out in full is quite verbose; it can be found in Frè. The Ricci tensor takes the diagonal form:
 * $$\mbox{Ric}=\frac{Q^2}{\rho^4}

\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0 & 0 & 0\\ 0 & -1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 \\ \end{bmatrix}$$ Notice the location of the minus-one entry: this comes entirely from the electromagnetic contribution. Namely, when the electromagnetic stress tensor $$F_{ab}$$ has only two non-vanishing components: $$F_{01}$$ and $$F_{23}$$, then the corresponding energy–momentum tensor takes the form

 * $$T^\mbox{Maxwell}=\frac{F_{01}^2+F_{23}^2}{4}

\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0 & 0 & 0\\ 0 & -1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 \\ \end{bmatrix}$$ Equating this with the energy–momentum tensor for the gravitational field leads to the Kerr–Newman electrovacuum solution.

title: Boyer–Lindquist coordinates


text: Talk:Tobias

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Tobias


text:
White Gum Valley, Western Australia

White Gum Valley is a suburb of Perth, Western Australia located within the City of Fremantle. It is situated behind the main ridge that lies east of Fremantle.

Name
There are no records of the origins of the name, but it is thought to be named for the tuart tree Eucalyptus gomphocephala, which is less frequently known as white gum and has box-like bleached white to light grey coloured bark and is native to the area.

Geography
White Gum Valley is bordered by South Street to the south, Carrington Street to the east, Stevens Street to the north and Edmund Street to the west.

Street names
Several of the streets in the White Gum Valley are named for pioneering families in the area, such as Samson Street named after Sir Frederick Samson. Most of the streets running north-to-south are named after towns and localities in the Murchison and Mid West regions of Western Australia: Yilgarn Street, Wiluna Street, Nannine Avenue, Yalgoo Avenue, Wongan Avenue, and Minilya Avenue.

Parks and reserves
Two parks and reserves are located in the suburb of White Gum Valley: Davies Reserve in the west of the suburb, and Valley Park in the centre of the suburb. The Royal Fremantle Golf Club (Inc.) and Fremantle Golf Course are located to the north of the suburb, in Fremantle.

Schools
White Gum Valley Primary School is located in the west of the suburb. Kim Beazley School, formerly used by special education students, was shut in 2008. The former school was demolished in 2011 to make way for residential development.

Bus

 * 114 Lake Coogee to Elizabeth Quay Bus Station – serves Carrington Street
 * 502 Fremantle Station to Bull Creek Station – serves Edmund Street, Watkins Street and Carrington Street

Bus routes serving South Street:
 * 160 Fremantle Station to WACA Ground
 * 998 Fremantle Station to Fremantle Station (limited stops) – CircleRoute Clockwise
 * 999 Fremantle Station to Fremantle Station (limited stops) – CircleRoute Anti-Clockwise

title: White Gum Valley, Western Australia


text:
Stovner (station)

Stovner is a subway station on Grorudbanen (Line 5) on the Oslo Metro, between Rommen and the end station Vestli, it was opened in 1974. The station is underground, at the entry of the tunnel. At or above the station is the large Stovner shopping centre, the Stovner police station, and a small bus terminal. Stovner is mainly a residential area.

title: Stovner (station)


text:
South Fremantle, Western Australia

South Fremantle is a suburb of Perth, Western Australia, located within the City of Fremantle.

History
The first development in the area may have been when Richard Goldsmith Meares established a lime-burning kiln in 1831. Meares had arrived at the Swan River Colony with Thomas Peel in the previous year.

As the area was adjacent to the relatively safe harbour of Owen's Anchorage in Cockburn Sound, the area began to be used as an alternative destination point for ship arrivals.

In 1898, a railway was built from Fremantle to Robb Jetty. At that time, an abattoir was built for slaughter of livestock arriving from the north-west of the state including the Kimberley Region. Livestock were unloaded from the ships onto a jetty. Extensive pasturing for the animals as well as small market gardens were established in the region around the abattoir.

The Coogee Hotel was built in 1901, and in 1903 the railway was extended to Woodman Point. Commercial lime kilns were established during this period to provide for the construction boom and population growth which had been brought about by gold discoveries. The Newmarket Hotel on the border of Hamilton Hill and South Fremantle, was often identified as being in either of the suburbs.

The area steadily became the centre of much of Perth's heavy industry and comprised the coal-fired power station, railway marshalling yards, abattoir as well as numerous skin drying sheds. From the 1980s however, pressures brought on by demands for residential housing triggered a process of removal of the various facilities.

South Beach
South Beach is an area of beach and adjacent land in South Fremantle. The beach and the disused railway station are parts of the South Fremantle community history.

Railway marshalling yards
A large marshalling yard with signal box tower was built by Western Australian Government Railways in the 1960s during the standard gauge railway line project from Kalgoorlie to Leighton.

The yard was decommissioned in the Westrail era in the 1990s.

Robb Jetty Abattoir

 * See Robbs Jetty Abattoir

Public transport
South Fremantle is serviced by bus routes 511, 530, 531, 532, 533, 548, 549, 998 and 999.

Bus

 * 512 Fremantle Station to Murdoch Station – serves South Street, Hampton Road and Cockburn Road
 * 532 Fremantle Station to Cockburn Central Station – serves South Terrace, Douro Road and Hampton Road
 * 548 Fremantle Station to Rockingham Station – serves South Street, Hampton Road and Cockburn Road
 * 998 Fremantle Station to Fremantle Station (limited stops) – CircleRoute Clockwise, serves South Street
 * 999 Fremantle Station to Fremantle Station (limited stops) – CircleRoute Anti-Clockwise, serves South Street

Bus routes serving South Street and Hampton Road:
 * 511 and 513 Fremantle Station to Murdoch Station
 * 520, 530 and 531 Fremantle Station to Cockburn Central Station
 * 549 Fremantle Station to Rockingham Station

title: South Fremantle, Western Australia


text:
Samson, Western Australia

Samson is a suburb of Perth, Western Australia in the City of Fremantle. Samson is bounded by South Street to the north, Stock Road to the west, Winterfold Road to the south, South Street to the north and east no further than Rushby and McMahon Ways.

The suburb comprises fewer than 40 streets and 800 homes. The suburb of Samson was named after the Samson family who have been prominent in the Fremantle area for two centuries, including Sir Frederick Samson who served as mayor for over 20 years. The first notable Samson, Lionel Samson arrived in Fremantle in 1829 and started Lionel Samson and Sons that together with R.C. Sadleir Pty Limited became the Lionel Samson Sadleirs Group in 2012.

Samson is the easternmost neighbourhood of Fremantle and the most recent residential development. Prior to development, the site was owned by the army, being the site of the Melville Military Camp during World War II. In 1971, the City of Fremantle called tenders for the development of the area. The neighbourhood was developed by Messer's TM Burke Pty Ltd and its major park being named after former mayor, Sir Frederick Samson. Houses in Samson are predominantly of a brick and tile construction.

Samson Park is the largest bush reserve in the city of Fremantle. The park is located opposite the Samson Recreation Centre. Samson Park is the city of Fremantle's only Bush Forever park. Nature trails wind through the park displaying jarrah, marri and tuart trees, and a variety of native plants. The park also provides habitat to over 50 bird species, reptiles and bats. Samson Park is a popular picnic and meeting place, with picnic spaces and also a children's playground. Samson park contains the following facilities: picnic areas, BBQ facilities, basketball court, dog walking areas.

title: Samson, Western Australia


text:
O'Connor, Western Australia

O'Connor is a predominantly industrial suburb of Perth, Western Australia, located within the City of Fremantle. It was established in 1955 and is named after the Irish engineer,  O'Connor, who is buried in Fremantle Cemetery.

O'Connor has a roller skating rink plus a number of retail store: a major hardware store, two major electronics retailers, a tyre store, several automotive parts and accessory stores, a popular bicycle store, a furniture store and numerous other retail stores.

There are quite a number of light industrial activities taking place in the suburb, including Anchor Foods on Carrington Street.

There are two precincts of residential dwellings which contain a small but growing number of dwellings.

title: O'Connor, Western Australia


text:
North Fremantle, Western Australia

North Fremantle is a suburb of Perth, Western Australia, located within the City of Fremantle, a local government area of the state.

Postcode
Its postcode is 6159.

Location
North Fremantle is situated on a peninsula, with the Indian Ocean bounding the west side and the Swan River the east side. On the north side it is separated from the suburb of Mosman Park by McCabe Street. North Fremantle has one train station, located on Stirling Highway, which provides train services into Fremantle and Perth city. There are various bus stations in North Fremantle, providing access to outer Perth suburbs.

History
The primary impetus for the early development of North Fremantle was the arrival of convicts, and pensioner guards in 1850. Pensioner guards were granted land in North Fremantle. In 1851 John Bruce was granted 150 acres of land and founded the town on it. The land was surveyed and divided between other pensioner guards. By 1862, over 20 cottages had been constructed.

With this construction, came the arrival of new convicts and to accommodate them, roadworks were constructed such as the first Fremantle traffic bridge.

North Fremantle became an independent municipality in 1895. The municipality reunited with the City of Fremantle by an order of the Governor in Executive Council as from 1 November 1961.

Marshalling yards
The suburb was once the site of Western Australian Government Railways Leighton Marshalling Yards, which linked the North Fremantle industrial area and North Quay. They were developed in the 1950s.

The area has undergone significant redevelopment by the state government.

Businesses
North Fremantle is home to Mojos bar; the Railway Hotel and River Beach, Leighton Beach and Port Beach. North Fremantle has seen an increase of locally owned business along Stirling Highway including various cafes, restaurants and bars. The area's strong afternoon sea breeze (known as the "Fremantle Doctor") makes its ocean beaches a prime location for wind and kite surfing. The Fremantle Surf Life Saving Club has been active since the 1930s.

title: North Fremantle, Western Australia


text:
Hilton, Western Australia

Hilton is a suburb of Perth, Western Australia, located within the City of Fremantle.

The suburb has an eclectic mixture of weatherboard, fibro and brick dwellings. The suburb is undergoing extensive urban renewal and recently more three and four-bedroom, two-bathroom homes have been built.

Its post-World War II design was under a state government initiative known as "garden suburbs" which meant wide verges and single homes on large blocks.

The northern precinct of Hilton contains a number of laneways and the village centre (on the north side of South Street) comprising a greengrocer, giftware emporium, newsagent, printers, chemist, butcher, a hair salon, squash courts, builders, veterinarian surgery and a café.

South Street, Paget Street and Carrington Street contain most of the remaining retail activity in Hilton, including a public bar, pizzeria and a post office. In June of 2021 the existing IGA was demolished to make way for a new enlarged retail space with initial tenants named as Coles, a café and a liquor merchant.

Hilton is approximately five minutes drive from the central business district of Fremantle and from the Indian Ocean.

Bus

 * 114 Lake Coogee to Elizabeth Quay Bus Station – serves Carrington Street
 * 160 Fremantle Station to WACA Ground – serves South Street, Paget Street, Oldham Crescent and Collick Street
 * 511 and 513 Fremantle Station to Murdoch Station – serve Winterfold Road
 * 998 Fremantle Station to Fremantle Station (limited stops) – CircleRoute Clockwise, serves South Street
 * 999 Fremantle Station to Fremantle Station (limited stops) – CircleRoute Anti-Clockwise, serves South Street

Notable residents

 * Brenton See, muralist

title: Hilton, Western Australia


text:
Beaconsfield, Western Australia

Beaconsfield is a suburb of Perth, Western Australia, located within the City of Fremantle. It was named after a property of the same name in the area in the 1880s; the name was officially adopted from the post office on 1 August 1894. The name's origin is unknown, but it probably comes from the town in England or the Earl of Beaconsfield, Benjamin Disraeli, a former Conservative Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.

Beaconsfield is predominantly a low to medium density residential suburb with extensive community facilities including Fremantle College, several primary schools, and an array of open space recreation reserves and local shops.

Parks and playgrounds

 * Beacy Park
 * Davis Park
 * Dick Lawrence Oval
 * Hilton Park Soccer Fields
 * Ken Allen Field
 * James Moore Pioneer Park
 * Bruce Lee Reserve

Bus

 * 114 Lake Coogee to Elizabeth Quay Bus Station – serves Carrington Street
 * 160 Fremantle Station to WACA Ground – serves South Street
 * 511 and 513 Fremantle Station to Murdoch Station – serve Hampton Road, Lefroy Road and York Street
 * 532 Fremantle Station to Cockburn Central Station – serves Hampton Road and Clontarf Road
 * 998 Fremantle Station to Fremantle Station (limited stops) – CircleRoute Clockwise, serves South Street
 * 999 Fremantle Station to Fremantle Station (limited stops) – CircleRoute Anti-Clockwise, serves South Street

Bus routes serving Hampton Road:
 * 512 Fremantle Station to Murdoch Station
 * 520, 530 and 531 Fremantle Station to Cockburn Central Station
 * 548 and 549 Fremantle Station to Rockingham Station

Schools and education
There are a number of schools in the suburb including several primary and one high school.
 * Beaconsfield Primary School
 * Winterfold Primary School
 * Christ the King School
 * Fremantle College
 * Fremantle Peel District Education

Sporting clubs

 * Hilton Park Junior Cricket Club
 * Hilton Park Bowling & Recreation Club
 * Fremantle City Dockers Junior Football Club Inc.
 * Fremantle Roosters Rugby League Football Club Inc
 * Excalibur Fencing Club

Shops and shopping centre

 * Lefroy Road Shopping Centre

Notable citizens

 * Peter Tagliaferri, a former mayor of the City of Fremantle between 2001 and 2009

title: Beaconsfield, Western Australia


text:
Deborah Moore

Deborah Maria Luisa Moore (born 27 October 1963) is an English actress. She is the daughter of actor Roger Moore and Italian actress Luisa Mattioli. As of 2022, she has been variably credited onscreen as Deborah Moore (26), Deborah Barrymore (7) and Deborah Maria Moore (4).

Career
She made her debut on TV as a child in The Persuaders! episode "The Long Goodbye" in which her father co-starred alongside Tony Curtis, and early on in her career, she was often billed as "Deborah Barrymore". She appeared in such films as Lionheart (1987), Alien Terminator (1988), the 1990 comedy, Bullseye! (opposite her father), Chaplin (1992), Into the Sun (1992), and South Kensington (2001). She is probably best known in the UK as the face of the Scottish Widows advertising campaign from 1986 to 1995 when she was replaced by Amanda Lamb. She later took on the name Deborah Moore.

She has twice made appearances in James Bond–related productions. She played a secretary in the 1989 biopic Goldeneye: The Secret Life of Ian Fleming and later made a cameo appearance as a flight attendant in the 2002 Bond film, Die Another Day, which was Pierce Brosnan's fourth and final Bond film. She also appeared in the 1998 TV movie Merlin: The Quest Begins, opposite Jason Connery, son of former Bond Sean Connery. Her godfather was actor Robert Brown, her father's co-star in the television series Ivanhoe and three Bond films.

She was also a model for the Scottish Widows insurance company.

In 2006, Moore made the film Provoked. Jagmohan Mundhra's film is based on the landmark UK domestic violence case in which Kiranjit Singh Ahluwalia was jailed in London for killing her abusive husband. Based on her story, the film stars Aishwarya Rai as Ahluwalia. Moore plays Jackie, another prison inmate.

Moore appeared as Alfidia, the mother of a fictionalised Livia, in two 2007 episodes of the HBO/BBC series Rome.

Moore appeared in the series 1 finale of Sherlock, "The Great Game" in August 2010, where she played the first victim of Jim Moriarty.

In 2022, Moore provided narration on a series of Italian cookery videos for friend Laura Giunta Tobin.

In 2024, Deborah narrated the audio book The Magic Snowman and the Rusty Ice Skates, featuring the voice of her father as the character of the magic snowman, Lumi Ukko. In honoring her father’s legacy to help children’s causes universally, she has supported the producer’s pledge to allocate 20 percent of the proceeds to UNICEF, her father’s favorite charity.

Filmography

 * Warriors of the Apocalypse (1985)
 * Lionheart (1987) – Mathilda
 * Alien Terminator (1988) – June
 * Goldeneye: The Secret Life of Ian Fleming (1989) – Secretary
 * Bullseye! (1990) – Flo Fleming
 * Into the Sun (1992) – Maj. Goode
 * Chaplin (1992) – Lita Grey
 * On Dangerous Ground (1996) – Hannah Bernstein
 * Midnight Man (1997) – Hannah Bernstein
 * South Kensington (2001) – Direttrice Bulgari
 * Die Another Day (2002) – Air Hostess
 * Provoked (2006) – Jackie
 * We Still Steal the Old Way (2017) – Anne-Marie

title: Deborah Moore


text:
Talk:George W. Bush's response to Hurricane Katrina

I'm almost tempted to VFD this one. Is it realy necessary? And if it is, it needs lots of work to be kept. Donovan Ravenhull 13:29, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

It's unnecessary and pointless. Could easily be merged into a main article about either the hurricane or the response in general. DJ Clayworth 13:31, 2 September 2005 (UTC)


text:
Roualeyn George Gordon-Cumming

Roualeyn George Gordon-Cumming (March 15, 1820 – March 24, 1866) was a Scottish traveller and sportsman, known as the "lion hunter". He was the second son of Sir William Gordon Gordon-Cumming, 2nd Baronet and Lady Eliza Maria Gordon-Cumming

From his early years he was distinguished by his passion for sport. He was educated at Eton, England, and at eighteen joined the East India Company's service as a cornet in the Madras Light Cavalry. The climate of India not suiting him, after two years he retired from the service and returned to Scotland.

During his stay in the East he had laid the foundation of his collection of hunting trophies and specimens of natural history. In 1843 he joined the Cape Mounted Rifles, but for the sake of absolute freedom sold out at the end of the year and with an ox wagon and a few native followers set out for the interior of Africa. He hunted chiefly in Bechuanaland and the valley of the Limpopo River, regions then swarming with big game. In 1848 he returned to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.

The story of his exploits is vividly told in his book, Five Years of a Hunter's Life in the Far Interior of South Africa (London, 1850, 3rd ed. 1851). Of this volume, received at first with incredulity by stay-at-home critics, David Livingstone, who furnished Gordon-Cumming with most of his native guides, wrote: I have no hesitation in saying that Mr. Cumming's book conveys a truthful idea of South African hunting (Missionary Travels, chap. vii.). But this comment ought not to be read as implying Livingstone's approval of Gordon-Cumming's 'nauseating details of indiscriminate slaughter of wild animals' (David and Charles Livingstone, "Narrative of an Expedition to the Zambesi and Its Tributaries: And of the Discovery of the Lakes Shirwa and Nyassa, 1858-1864", J. Murray, 1865, p. 197).

Livingstone in general considered Gordon-Cumming as "a mad sort of Scotchman" who caused him difficulties. When Gordon-Cumming's oxen succumbed to Animal African trypanosomiasis Livingstone was obliged to change his plans and send all his own oxen to extricate the hunter and his entourage (George Seaver, "David Livingstone: His Life and Letters", Lutterworth Press, 1957, p. 105). Worse still, when Gordon-Cumming supplied Setshele, the ruler of the Kwêna people of Botswana, with guns in exchange for ivory, it was Livingstone who was blamed for arming the Africans and in revenge Hendrik Potgieter's followers sacked the Kolobeng mission, taking the African women and children of the mission into slavery (cf. Isaac Schapera, ‘Livingstone and the Boers’ in African Affairs, Vol. 59, No. 235, Apr., 1960, pp. 144–156).

Gordon-Cumming's collection of hunting trophies was exhibited in London in 1851 at the Great Exhibition, and was illustrated by a lecture delivered by Gordon-Cumming. The collection, known as The South Africa Museum, was afterwards exhibited in various parts of the United Kingdom. In 1858 Gordon-Cumming went to live at Fort Augustus, Scotland, on the Caledonian Canal, where the exhibition of his trophies attracted many visitors. He died there in 1866.

An abridgment of his book was published in 1856 under the title of The Lion Hunter of South Africa, and in this form was frequently reprinted, a new edition appearing in 1904.

title: Roualeyn George Gordon-Cumming


text:
User:Andy Janata/Anime

I've watched a few anime in my days. I only watch some if they're recommended to me; if you know of a good one please leave a note.

My first real anime series was Fullmetal Alchemist. I started by watching it on [adult swim], then copied the subs from my roommate and proceeded to watch the rest of it in about 3 weeks. I still try to make a point of watching "new" episodes on [adult swim], and I own both of the currently (as of 2 September 2005) released video games for the PlayStation 2. FMA is by far my overall favorite anime that I've seen.

After that, I watched Hikaru no Go. I had it sitting around for quite some time, but I never had the time nor motivation to watch it. I liked it quite a bit.

Last, I have Naruto laying around waiting for me to have time to watch it. From what I've heard from one of my friends, it's pretty kick-ass.

title: User:Andy Janata/Anime


text:
User talk:Grutness/archive08

This file is an archive - please do not add new discussion here - add it to my Talk page

New stub sorter...
Hi - Im new at wikipedia and want to help with things like. Ive had a look at the stub project and your name seems to be everywhere so I thot Id ask what you think would be a good place to help? BL Lacertae 09:00, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Welcome to Wikipedia! There are all sorts of things that you could help with. Best place to start might be having a look at two of the project's pages, WP:WSS/C (which is where new stub types are proposed) and WP:WSS/ST, which is the big list of all the stub types there are (don't be put off - it's a huge list!). A lot of the categories listed there are very big and have a lot of smaller sub-categories. Just shifting some of the things from the big parent categories into the right subcategories is the main stub-sorting task (like moving things from Category:People stubs to an occupation like Category:Writer stubs or a nationality like Category:Canadian people stubs). Other than that, keep an eye out for the ideas being suggested at the criteria page (WP:WSS/C) to see what new suggestions are coming up. Hope you enjoy being a Wikipedian! Grutness...  wha?  09:09, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

Wisconsin
Hey Grutness (do you have a less abrasive sounding name?), you may or mayn't have noticed I created Template:Wisc-stub and a corresponding Category:Wisconsin stubs, based off Texas-stub and the corresponding category. If that was completely out of line, please thwap me GENTLY. Tomer TALK 09:19, July 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Consider this a gentle thwap, then! You should go through WP:WSS/C, and at the very least keep to the naming guidelines. Which would make it Wisconsin-stub (hope you don't mind - I've redirected your template there). I've added the new template to the big list, though. Most of the geography and regional type stubs are more hassle than they're worth to get rid of once they're made. Just make sure you don't use it for geographical items, only for items relating to the state in general, in the same way as Texas-stub and the like. Geographical templates are all XX-geo-stub, and are all much more strictly controlled as far as their creation is concerned. Oh, and it's James, BTW. Grutness...  wha?  09:34, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * OK, then, James. I think it should be pretty clear from the work Sasquatch and I have done, that the Wisconsin template is not meant to be a substub of US-midwest-geo-stub.  I highly doubt that the time will ever come that there will be enough Wisconsin geo-stubs to ever support an independent geo-stub cat.  That said, however, I don't think it's beyond belief to imagine that there are potentially sufficient stubs to warrant a separate Wisc-stub.  That said, I only chose Wisc-stub instead of Wisconsin-stub bcz Wisc is basically univerally recognizable (for people who care, at least) as a shortened form of Wisconsin-stub and in that light, as a convenience to contributors, I went with it.  In that light, while "Texas" is pretty-easily spelled, I would be willing to guess that the vast majority of Americans would be befuddled were they asked to spell "Wisconsin", to say nothing of "Massachusetts" (Massatwoshits), "Connecticut" (Conneddicut), "Tennessee" (Tennis Sea), and/or even "Rhode Island" (Road Island).  Without going out of my way too far to belittle American typographiqueurs, nor wishing to stand trial for my belittling certain (Mass of Two Shits) states, so I chose to go with an abbreviation that is not only widely used, but almost universally recognized.  Where do you live, btw?  Kwinslund?  Tomer TALK  09:45, July 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Oh dear... I'm already in trouble with one Argentinian because I put his redirect at AR-geo-stub up for deletion... It's just standard stub-sorting practice to use the full name... and Wisconsin's certainly no more difficult than many states and places. "Universally recognised" is always a tricky one, too, because you may think so, but I'm sure that a lot of people in different parts of the world have never heard it used. I've had a look at the category, and there are a lot of geo-stubs there I'd ask you if possible to do the same thing I've asked at Texas stubs and other categories like that - double-stub. Wisconsin could well eventually get its own geo-stub category, but as stub sorters we won't know it needs one unless the geo-stubs are in the US-midwest-geo-stub category to be counted sorry - didn't notice you'd done that - well done, thanks!. Wisconsin's got over 40 geo-stubs, and we're using 80 as a cutt-off mark, so it's already more than half way there, and stubs are created at a huge rate. Also, a lot of people search for articles to improve based on geography, so it's useful for the editors. if you want to mark them as wisconsin items too, that's fine. But as for "Kwinslund", that's a gross insult! Never accuse a New Zealander of being Australian! Bleargh! (I'm from here) Grutness...  wha?  10:01, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

 * If I were a less-seasoned contributor, I'd take your most recent comments on my talk page as "insulting". Disregarding their "you should do it our (mysterious) way, instead of the way that you (in your incomprehensible ignorance) considered logical" tone of your comments, allow me to re-clarify.  I did not mean to make a substub of US-midwest-geo-stub, but rather simply a WI-stub, for stubs pertaining to Wisconsin, Wisconsin-based interests, and Wisconsin-based locales.  I would include the putative WI-geo-stub in this, were such a stub cat to ever be invented (although given the granularity of Wisconsin municipalities, I don't forsee that ever happening, except perhaps should the Rivers and Lakes stubs get out of control...)  Now, back to my real point...the reason I named the stub cat "Wisc-stub" was not because I wanted to flout WP convention, but because I tried a dozen stub names looking for "the right stub cat" before I realizes that nonesuch existed, and "Wisconsin-stub" was most definitely not among my "most logical choices".  While such a convention may make perfect sense among the seasoned stubsorting community, it (I can guarantee you almost to a wo/man) is unnecessarily demanding for those who are just trying to add a simple stubcat to an article.  Anyways, I'm about to tip over.  Good night, good sir.  :-p Tomer TALK  10:03, July 21, 2005 (UTC)

Sorry, I misremembered your location. Dunedin's a beautiful town (if somewhat out-of-the-way) in a striking setting. I'd envy you somewhat were my own location not even more beautiful. :-p and :-D Tomer TALK  10:08, July 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Apologies if my tone seemed insulting - it was not intended to be so. And it does look like everything about the category and the way it is used is perfectly good as far as everything stubsortingesque is concerned, for which much thanks. I still believe that Wisconsin-stub is a more natural name, since the state's full name is the one most likely to be recognised everywhere, but it looks like we'll have to agree to disagree on that. The easiest way to see whether a category exists, BTW, is to look at the list of stub categories, either at WP:WSS/ST or Template messages/Stubs, or in Category:Stub categories, rather than using trial and error on a template name. (More beautiful than Dunedin??? Heretic! ;) Grutness...  wha?  10:14, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * You goddamned enzedder!! You misspelled "recognized"!!! :-P  I'm kidding, I hope "obviously"...  Anyways, I don't think our disagreement is substantial.  I'm more than content to have Wisc-stub renamed Wisconsin-stub.  If there's precedence to support it, in fact, (I'm a Jew, and, as everyone knows, all Jews are laywer-prone) I'm happy to support precendence.  That bit of self-deprecation in favor of idiotic prejudice notwithstanding, I'm still not sure that your argument about "go here to find this, go there to find that" really holds much weight, and would like to see some sort of (subtle, if necessary) language included into stub tags regarding where to go to find a collection of similar stubs.  WP, IMHO, suffers from a horribly "insider" vs "outsider" dichotomy, where the "insider"s consider things to be "obvious" to "outsider"s that simply aren't even remotely obvious.  For example, I don't consider myself especially stupid, but I was editing regularly on WP for over a year before I even SAW Categories on the bottom of articles, and it was another full year before I realized that they were meant as a guide to direct me to related articles.  That's actually why you'll find me to be such a strong proponent of templates as opposed to categories, but that's really neither here nor there.  When can I move to Raoul and establish my own republic, w/o interference from the Commonwealth?  Tomer TALK  10:24, July 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Yeah, you're right - it would be easier if there was some sort of link to all the templates/categories, but there's only so much you can do to a stub template before it gets unwieldy. it does link to Stub, which has all the info, but it's sort of "click here to click there so you can link to that", which isn't exactly the best way of doing things. As to lawyer-prone Jewish support for precedence, can I that plead my support for what doesn't instantly seem logical is due to my irish ancestry? :) (I thought you were going to bed...) Grutness...  wha?  10:31, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Going to bed laddy? Woat in bloaddy ell da geeven ye det eddia?   ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ  :-p Tomer TALK  10:37, July 21, 2005 (UTC)

Canadian regional geo-stubs
More than reasonable: civil, accommodating, and attentive. Cheers! Double Blue (Talk) 07:00, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I'll echo DoubleBlue's sentiments. Thanks for the changes... Mindmatrix 12:50, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

geo stubs (july)
relax: e.g. Category:Ecuador geography stubs reached very easily 78 articles this is more than your 60-limit. Why be so bureaucratic with "go through process". Make easy rules and people will follow them. Tobias Conradi (Talk) 23:06, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Grutness, if you want to RfC Tobias, I'm sure there will be no trouble in gathering friends. I'm just not sure what the proper grounds would be. Please, please don't let this guy, who seems to have no respect for process, consensus, and multilateral editing, get the better of you. We'll fix it somehow. What confuses me is how he's managed to get away with it so far. I've seen too many people get in fights with him and simply give up - myself possibly included. --Golbez 00:05, July 24, 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks - I shall consider it, but a few days with a low wiki profile will probably do me good (I've still got a little work to do here - I took some photos over the last week which I want to upload, for one thing). I've never used rfc before, so I'm not sure of the mechanism, but it's definitely worth considering. See how I feel in a couple of days. Grutness...  wha?  00:18, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * PS, there's already an RfM on Tobias. I'm just letting you know this, and then bowing out - I've probably stuck my nose where it doesn't belong, I don't know all that's going on here. --Golbez 14:53, July 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * That was me. I requested this RfM, because of conflict with NoPuzzleStranger. ... Tobias Conradi (Talk) 23:33, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I have no respect for silly process. Grutness told me 60 is the rule. I could not find the rule but did my best to stick to this rule. Bolivia and Suriname stubs where not created. Peru existed already! but the geo-stub police has not mentioned it on their page. So what? And why go through a process if there where 60? No respect for multilateral editing? Where do you learn this, dear Golbez? Are you shy? BE BOLD. Please show me any open article dispute. But it seems you once again spread bad words without (I call people stupid eh?) before looking at the things in detail. Sorry I have no respect for this kind of behavior. It's close to defamation thx Tobias Conradi (Talk) 00:29, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I was wrong about 60 - the stated rule was 100-300. Grutness...  wha?  00:34, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

if you would have looked at Category:Paraguay_geography_stubs you might have found 60. So what? And that someone created Slovakia-stub and not Slovakia-related-stub is due to the inconsistency in the stubmsgs. So whom to blame here? Tobias Conradi (Talk) 00:33, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Quite obviously the person who created the new category without checking what needed to be done first. Grutness...  wha?  01:10, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't think so. The Slovakia guy maybe needed something and created it like other -stubs he found active. If there would have been nothing active this way the problem might have been avoided. If wikipedians would have to read all the rules that emerged in the last months and years before contributing - ... - there would be considerable less contribs. Make stuff more intuitive. And I know you/(the team) already worked on that. We had this AR debate. The country names are intuitive. Tobias Conradi (Talk) 23:51, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

Can you imagine that people that are not "member" of the stub team have problems with WP:WSS/C - a section which does not say anything about critiria, as the name implies? Instead the criteria are at Stub. Can you imagine people are confused? Tobias Conradi (Talk) 00:56, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I can imagine it, but I can't imagine why they should have. It quite clearly says that new stub types should be proposed on the page before creation - standard procedure. The page is called "Criteria" as it is the page where new proposals are checked to see whether they meet the criteria, which are listed on the main stub page at Stub - the most logical place for people to look if they want to create new stub types. Grutness...  wha?  01:10, 24 July 2005 (UTC).

Category:Peru geography stubs has 150 and YOU did not have it on your geo page. And than a Golbez comes around and wants RfC and you think this is nice. I don't get it. Tobias Conradi (Talk) 01:00, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * It was on the stub page. It was both on the main stub list at WP:WSS/ST and in the appropriate category at Category:South America geography stubs. Theseare the two places that should be checked for stub categories - the list and the immediate parent category. And it has far fewer than 150 stubs, but still over the threshold. I know - I created it. Grutness...  wha?  01:10, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I fixed 150 to 105 last night, unfortunatly due to editconflict your edit reversed my fix. :::If a page is called criteria i would expext criteria and not ONLY debating fit of criteria.
 * peru was not at a page where only few time later you did delete peru along with others notably colombia what I added but not created the same as it was with peru
 * If you say peru was in the two places it had to be, that I wonder 1) why there is a list at Category:Geography stubs and 2) you yourself are editing in this list? It is confusing. Tobias Conradi (Talk) 21:54, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

thanks for supporting me (MTG)
I made it, I'm an admin at last! Thanks for all your help along the way, I doubt I'd have gotten there in the first place without all your support and guidance. Thank you so much. :) GarrettTalk 09:37, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

My wikibreak
''' I QUIT. ''' I shall be continuing to monitor the talk page for a while, but I am taking a break from Wikipedia, at least for the time being, and possibly for good. It's just not worth the hassle right now.

Ahhh. To hell with it... I seem to be doing nearly as much on Wikipedia when I'm "not here" as when I am here. Seems I am addicted. Also, given the astonishing amount of ego-boost I got from well-wisher messages, how could I stay away? {:) Thanks to all those who said they hoped I'd be back soon. I'm still going to be taking it a little easier than I did (I was Wikiing at an unhealthy level, I think), but my gafiation is officially over.

Your wikiholiday
Have a good break from Wikipedia. It's certainly a good idea to take a break occasionally. So far I haven't needed one, but I do change my pattern of activity on Wikipedia every few months so I don't burn out on any one thing. I've enjoyed working with you. Hope to see you back here in a while.-gadfium 23:41, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Have a good break. I certainly hope it isn't permanent.  I cut back recently, and it did me a world of good.  I just decided to watch but not edit for a couple days.  It helped.  I got over some of my monomania - there are lots of other people who can fix things.  Sometimes it's helpful not to "deal with a problem" for a few hours - if someone else doesn't fix it, you can, but at the same time, it helps to get some perspective.  Use the "no personal insults" rule broadly and delete insults.  Abusive users will either figure out that they have to be civil if they want to be heard, or they will escalate (and get themselves blocked/RFAr'd).
 * You are liked and respected here. You are immensely valuable to the project.  If you need help dealing with problem users, ask for it.  If you need time to get some perspective, take it.  But don't let people force you out.  Guettarda 01:22, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * It isn't much of a holiday when you can reply in 5 minutes ;) Guettarda 01:35, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

You shouldn't leave, James. The Wikipedia needs you. I know that at times it can get hard to find motivation to deal with such issues, but think about all the people that support you. If this comes to extreme consequences (you know what I mean), there will be many supporting your every action, be sure of that. Cheers and rest as much as you want, but be sure to come back. Best regards. --Sn0wflake 05:15, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I do hope that your Wiki-absence ends up being a break, rather than a departure. You've done wonderful work, and the encyclopedia is the better for your presence. Joyous  (talk) 05:18, July 24, 2005 (UTC)

 * I agree and I can relate. It works wonders, believe me.  Also, I understand your frustration with the user who set you over the edge.  He seems well-meaning if a bit clueless.  Please don't make this permanent.  You are needed here more than I can express. - Lucky 6.9 06:01, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Grutness, take whatever time you need, or just dip your toes in the vacation pool like I've been. As others have said, it would be a shande for WP to lose you over this.  Tomer TALK  06:04, July 24, 2005 (UTC)

 * Echo of all the above. You've given me a lot of help and support, I should hate to see you go.  You are not alone in becoming seriously pissed off at times, take a look here . See you! Giano | talk 06:14, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Take a break, James, but do please come back in a few days, a week or two, or even a month. You're doing good work, and actually achieving something. -- Hoary 06:45, July 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Ditto what everyone else said. Don't let stress get to you. Taking a step back always does the world of good. Come back soon though. :) --TheParanoidOne 11:07, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

I took a break that I thought might be permanent, but came back for reasons stated on User:Ceyockey. One possibility is that it's time for you to consider moving to another area of activity. For instance, I've pretty much stopped working on WP:WSS for now in favor of starting a Wikipedia-related research project and participating in a new WikiProject (WikiProject Disambiguation). I find WP:WSS a good place to work, but I felt I'd contributed quite a bit and was interested in trying some new stuff. Give it a think; much better than leaving permanently in my opinion. Courtland 14:27, July 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * In that vein...there are a tremendous number of NZ red links and stubby articles that could use instantiation and/or expansion... It might even be therapeutic to look outside and write about your beautiful part of the world more.  :-)  Tomer TALK  22:39, July 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * I presume you realise that Grutness has already written more New Zealand-related articles than probably any other contributor?-gadfium 23:05, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Indeed...I was just pointing out that if he's trying to gain perspective about whether or not it's all worth it, that there's a lot to be done with NZ articles...I, for one, have learned a lot about NZ by reading articles he's created or expanded upon. Since his current stress level was caused by problems over stubsorting, I thought it might be therapeutic to go back to writing about iwis and kiwis.  Tomer TALK  04:40, July 25, 2005 (UTC)

Thank you all for your embarrassingly kind words! My wikibreak seems to be less of a break than I intended, but I am largely steering clear of policy-type areas and Wikipedia pages at the moment. I was three quarters of the way through tallying the 4000 UK geography stubs, and it seemed like too much work to waste, so I'm completing that task, and I have been doing a few odds and ends apart from that (and will have some photos to upload in the next couple of days with any luck). Anyone who monitors UK and NZ geography articles (e.g., River Great Ouse, Clutha River) will have seen a few things cropping up from me, as well (and I think I just saved an article on the Beatles' song I'll Get You that was at vfd). As far as monitoring new stub types is concerned, though, it's like the old story of hitting your head against a wall being good for you because it feels great when it stops. The break has also allowed me to start moving on my art again (about time, too - I have an exhibition coming up in March!). I suspect I'll be back to full Wiki work again soon, but this "reduced energy mode" is fine for the time being. Grutness...  wha?  05:59, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

 * In the past few weeks I've seen several good editors leave. I hope in your case that it is just a wikiholiday and you'll return. Blank Verse   ∅  09:19, 28 July 2005 (UTC)

Article of interest
Man, it will be hard having you not here. To perhaps lighten the mood, I found this article on the NZ flag. Zscout370 (Sound Off) 01:56, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks for that - I'm likely not gone for goos - in fact I'm still involved in low-level activity here. Just not as prominent as normal. I need a bit of time for real-world things, too. Grutness...  wha?  02:57, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

Ken Rutherford
Thanks :) Thanks to you as well for expanding those NZ cricket stubs. Just a shame I made an edit conflict for you...they are a pain sometimes, aren't they? And yes, I am a cricket fan from Norway - it's all a bit weird, but suffice to say I got charmed by a sport which looks to be the most complicated thing in the world from the outside. And then I sort of stuck in, to the point where I'm now helplessly caught in the net (or should that be nets?). Sam Vimes 11:13, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

Clayton's
I'm sitting idle here at my job, and I've been on new page patrol for a bit now. Your Clayton's article is very interesting and broke of the monotony of nominating things for speedies and adding stub tags. Glad to see you didn't quit after all. Fernando Rizo T/C 03:43, 28 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks for that. No, consider it a "Clayton's resignation" :) I've cut back on my wiki work by about 75%, and I haven't done anything in the admin/policy area for a while. I think I'll probably be back fully sometime in the next few days, though. Grutness...  wha?
 * Don't worry about Clayton's getting VfD'd, it's obviously notable and a fun bit of Kiwi trivia. In the words of the immortal Kris Kristofferson, don't let the bastards get you down. Fernando Rizo T/C 04:16, 28 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Neil Diamond can write Latin? As in nil carborundum bastardum? ):-. Moriori 04:31, July 28, 2005 (UTC)

Category:People stubs
Migrated from User page How does one ever wallow through all of the subcategories and sub-subcats and find the one you want? I am tired of slapping bio-stub on articles I submit, but it's easier than spending an inordinate amount of time digging through the bio cats. I have been importing EB 1911 stuff, and discover I spend far more time rooting thru categories than I ever spend on copyediting and adding links. The temptation to slap 1911 on at the bottom and leave it at that is overwhelming. The problem is not the proliferation of categories, but a way of easily locating them in the first place. --FourthAve 06:11, 28 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Replied on FourthAvenue's talk page. Grutness...  wha?
 * at this wiki page, which seems to be decaying. (It pays to save links offline) What's a special page? This leads to Royalist, the grandest of all disambigs: it refers to a disambig which nicely disambigs itself -- and all the pages that lead to it. Who wrote this page.
 * It writes itself. Anything that links to the page Royalist will automatically be listed there. All pages have them - click the "What links here" link to the side of any page and you'll get a page like that. Pages of this type for disambiguation pages usually slowly deprecate (i.e., "decay"), as people realise that they have linked to a disambiguation page rather than their real target page. Special pages include pages like this which are created as editing tooks within the Wiki but which are not articles, templates, categories, user or talk pages. Grutness...  wha?  07:34, 29 July 2005 (UTC)

nice to see you back
hi james, nice to see you back. Regarding your user page I tend to regard the geography stubs as "my baby",  - I can understand this. And I think you have done a great work if the naming scheme is there thanks to you. I saw edits of you reverting Czech-geo to Czechia-geo, seems like lot of stub-fixing-work. And even if there are some cases where I had another opinion regarding naming (e.g. NI [ forget AR/argentina, I ate this ;-)] ) what is that regarding possible 140 country-geo-stubs and even more in geo-stubs in general. If I can help you in the geo-section I will do so. Best regards from DE, - not Delaware -- Tobias Conradi (Talk) 13:31, 29 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Czech/Czechia was a unique case. There was a big edit-war going on over what the country should be called, Czech Republic or Czechia. As soon as one name was decided on for the stub template and category, someone else would come along and change it back. Which may seem like no big deal, but when articles are categorised by way of a template, any change in the category name requires null-edits to be made to all the articles. In the end, a compromise name (Cz-geo-stub) was used for the template, and the category was protected from moving.

 * A lot of the geo-stub naming scheme is down to me, but not all of it by a long way. And, as with the AR business, I and the other stub sorters do try to avoid using abbreviations, as they can be ambiguous. Where the abbreviation is a country's initial letters, though, most of the time there's little confusion. People talk about "The U.S." or "The U.K." worldwide, and the same is true, albeit to a lesser extent, with the others that initials have been used for (and I do admit that Northern Ireland is perhaps the one where this is least the case). Basically, we want the stub names to be easy to remember - and if abbreviations are used, they should be the sort of abbreviations that are instantly recognisable by anyone. The problem with using ISO codes is that they may be well known by people who use them regularly, and a few codes may be known by many people, but the same two letter codes are used for subdivisions within countries, and may be ambiguous to sorters who don't know the code. ML-geo-stub might refer to Mali, Malaysia or Malta, but with Malaysia-geo-stub we all know where we stand. As for redirects, we're slowly trying to reduce the number of them, becuase they make a little more work for the servers every time one is used rather than the standard template. There may recently have been a server upgrade, but with the speed Wikipedia is growing, the less strain that gets put on them the better. Right now I don't want to think about it too much - I'm still easing myself back into the work. Grutness...  wha?  13:52, 29 July 2005 (UTC)
 * not having AR is totaly fine. I ate this. I mean it's part of myself using Argentina-geo-stub. ;-) -- Tobias Conradi (Talk) 13:58, 29 July 2005 (UTC)

Glad to see you're back James. WP has a rudderman again. :-) Tomer TALK  13:40, July 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * Rudderman? Oh dear...does that mean I've got more work to do? :) Grutness...  wha?  13:52, 29 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Glad your back - I've some spare rugby boots if you require them just ask! Giano | talk 14:00, 31 July 2005 (UTC)

horseracing-stub
First, a big major awe-inspiring ''' WELCOME BACK! ''' (though it seems you didn't actually leave the building, just stepped back-stage and took a few steps past the green room... ). "Don't let the bastards get you down" as the song goes. There's a heck of a lot more good people here than there are nasty people. If you run in to too many nasties, go do something different. Somebody eventually will fix what the nasties did, and usually very quickly. Oh, by the way...for your wiki-fix, I hear you can get an IV tube now.

Second, on the horseracing-stub; thanks for the support and creation of the stub. Unfortunately, I am as of Monday officially on holiday, heading off to Canada for a week of sailing (here: ). So, don't despair that the stub's been created and the major proponent of it suddenly vanished! I am vanishing, but only long enough to sail my 505, hopefully like this. Once I get back, I'll get to sending those 225 articles to the new stub. If you want to start in on it, feel free. Just do me a favor and do it in sequence and maybe put a marker on my User:Durin/Horseracing-stub page to tell me how far you've gotten along. One other thing on this; I created a horse racing icon black on white just for the purpose of the stub. I'd like to replace the photo that's on the stub with the icon if it's alright with you.

Do you think we should create horseracingbio-stub too?

I'm also working on a yachtracing-stub proposal. You can see the support page in progress at User:Durin/Yachtracing-stub. There's a lot more work to be done before it can be proposed though, but I think I'll find plenty of material for it.

Related to the above; in digging through every A, B, and C article in sport-stub (I did a lot of sport-stub sorting today...~60 articles I think), I've come to realize there are a number of sports which lack stubs. For example, competitive swimming and gymnastics. I think there's room for such sport-stub children. If you like, I can start putting together similar pages to the user pages noted above for such sports as I work my way through the remainder of the sport-stub category. --Durin 03:19, 30 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Replied here. Summary of reply: Thanks for the welcome. Feel free to replace the icon. Horseracingbio might well be worth doing once horseracing is populated. Yachtracing... maybe yachting in general or sailboat racing in general might be better. Sounds like a similar project with sports to what I've done with geography. My advice - find a good number of stubs, then take it to WP:WSS/C - few will object if it's a natural category with a large number of stubs. Argument would be mainly over name and scope. Sport-stub and sportbio-stub do need splitting, so it's worthwhile. Grutness...  wha?
 * I replaced the icon with a black/white icon. You can see it at Horseracing-stub. I think the bio stub needs to wait until the stub cat gets larger. There are a number of articles that are candidates, but not enough just yet to justify the category. I've tagged all articles that I proposed as candidates at User:Durin/Horseracing-stub. The sub cat now has 243 articles in it. I think it is a success.
 * On yachtracing-stub; within the sport of sailboat racing, the term "yacht race" is used to describe all levels of the sport, even for boats being raced that people would never describe as "yachts". Thus, for people familiar with the sport, "yachtracing-stub" would be readily identifiable and does not carry an connotation of being only used to describe big boat races.
 * Re: sport-stub. I've been working my way through that stub to sort out articles into more appropriate stub cats. I've scanned 451 articles so far. I know the number because I am keeping an external list to allow me to rapidly identify articles that have been added to sport-stub since I last scanned the cat. The cat used to be bordering on 7 pages, but is now just barely into the 6 range. I've scanned all articles through K so far. By the time I'm through the initial scan, it will be down to 5 pages.
 * In doing the scanning of sport-stub, I've come to realize there are a large number of sports for which there are no stub-cats. The three most prominent in terms of the number of articles lumped into sport-stub are rowing, volleyball, and handball. I keep running into articles on those almost every time I scan a new letter section. Honestly, I'm not sure I have an interest in pursuing stub-cats for those. I got hooked into the whole horseracing-stub stuff because of one article I found missing on an important horse (Spectacular Bid). That led me to find the absence of the horseracing-stub. It was pulling a thread on a sweater. I have other work in the pedia that I set aside temporarily while pursing horseracing-stub and really want to get back to that. While stub-sorting has dramatically increased my edit count (not a goal for me), I'm more interested in completing work in other areas (see User:Durin if you're really curious). Though, I will keep tabs on sport-stub ballooning and compare it against my already scanned list to help keep a lid on it. --Durin 15:24, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

Rfa, pt. 2: Thanks - but I must wait and see...
I deeply appreciate your confidence in my ability to weild the mop, but... I'm starting my new IP-lawyer job on Monday, and I'd like to see how that affects my Wiki-time before I seek any new responsibilities. Besides, the projects that I'm working on don't demand admin powers, and they fairly fully occupy the time I have now! -- BD2412 talk 17:08, July 30, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Grutness/archive08


text:
Donnacha O'Dea

Donnacha "The Don" O'Dea (born 30 August 1948) is an Irish professional poker player. In his youth, he was a swimmer, and represented Ireland in the 1968 Olympics. He was also the first Irish swimmer to swim 100m in less than one minute. His parents were actors Denis O'Dea and Siobhán McKenna.

Early life
O'Dea's parents were Siobhan McKenna and Denis O'Dea, both notable actors. He attended Synge Street CBS and went on to study at Trinity College, Dublin.

Poker career
O'Dea came close to winning a WSOP bracelet in 1983 in the $1,000 Limit Hold'em event, finishing runner-up to Tom McEvoy.

He made the final table of the WSOP Main Event in 1983 when he finished 6th, which was eventually won by McEvoy, and again when he finished 9th in 1991 in the event won by Brad Daugherty. O'Dea also cashed in the Main Event in 1990 (32nd), 1994 (27th), 1996 (25th), and 2007 (171st).

In 1998, O'Dea won a WSOP bracelet in Pot Limit Omaha with rebuys event, defeating two-time WSOP Main Event champion, Johnny Chan in heads-up play.

Donnacha first appeared in the Late Night Poker television programme in series 4, finishing 5th in a heat won by Robin Keston. He returned to the show in series 6, winning his heat and going on to finish 4th in the Grand Final.

In 2004, he won the Poker Million tournament, overcoming Dave "The Devilfish" Ulliott in the eventual heads-up confrontation. The following year, he made the final table again and finished in 5th place.

O'Dea was the first member of the European Poker Players Hall of Fame.

As of 2009, his total live tournament winnings exceed $1,000,000. His 23 cashes as the WSOP account for $471,687 of those winnings.

His son, Eoghan O'Dea, is also a poker player who competes primarily online under the moniker 'intruder123'. In December 2008, he followed up a $300,000 online win with a 2nd-place finish in the Poker Million for $260,000. In 2011, he made a deep run at the Main Event of WSOP 2011 earning his place in The November Nine. He eventually finished in 6th place

title: Donnacha O'Dea


text:
File:Futuresoundtrackforamerica.jpg

Summary
The cover for the compilation album Future Soundtrack for America.

title: File:Futuresoundtrackforamerica.jpg


text:
User talk:HyperFlexed

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, you can post to the help desk or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome!
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

You have a great attitude! I hope you have fun with the challenge of contributing to Wikipedia. FreplySpang (talk) 13:33, September 2, 2005 (UTC)

Orphaned fair use image (Image:FWMX2k4 Toolbar.gif)
Thanks for uploading Image:FWMX2k4 Toolbar.gif. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable under fair use (see our fair use policy).

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title: User talk:HyperFlexed


text:
Hiroshi Shimizu (director)

Hiroshi Shimizu (清水宏) was a Japanese film director, who directed over 160 films during his career.

Early years
Shimizu was born in Shizuoka Prefecture and attended Hokkaidō University, but left before graduating. He joined the Shochiku film studio in Tokyo in 1921, making his directorial debut in 1924 at the age of just 21.

Career
Shimizu specialised in melodramas and comedies. In his most distinguished silent films like Fue no Shiratama (1929) and Japanese Girls at the Harbor (1933), he explored a Japan poised between native and Western ideas, traditionalism and liberalism, while stylistically relying on modernist and avant-garde techniques. The majority of his silent films is nowadays considered lost.

In the 1930s, Shimizu increasingly took advantage of shooting on location and with non-professional actors, and was praised at the time by film critics such as Matsuo Kishi and fellow directors as Kenji Mizoguchi. Mr. Thank You (1936), The Masseurs and a Woman (1938) and Ornamental Hairpin (1941) portrayed small groups and communities of travelers or spa residents which, as film historian Alexander Jacoby points out, "concentrated more on the delineation of character than on plot". For critic Chris Fujiwara, this "unpredictability and plotlessness", in combination with the extensive use of a mobile camera, gives Shimizu's films of this era a "strikingly modern quality".

Shimizu also explored themes of maternal self-sacrifice and fallen female roles, common themes in Japanese cinema at the time. In films like Forget Love for Now (1937) and Notes of an Itinerant Performer (1941), his heroine was accepting the burden of supporting a male dependent or relative to afford him the opportunity to go to school or become successful in life. Forget Love for Now in particular was "critical of the double standard which expects women to sacrifice everything for the sake of their male dependents, while indulging in moralistic condemnation of the methods they are required to adopt to do so" (Jacoby).

Shimizu's reputation as a director has often been associated with films about children, especially Children in the Wind (1937) and Four Seasons of Childhood (1939). His experiences with child orphans after World War II led to the film Children of the Beehive (1948), independently produced by the director himself, which Jacoby calls a "masterpiece of neo-realism". Shimizu's films featured children who do not love or are unloved by their parents, children that are rejected by their peers or become social outcasts, or ones that suffer from illness and disability. While the premise of the stories differed, a common theme often persisted: Shimizu utilised individuals who are excluded from a group as a social commentary and criticism of society through the group themselves.

Films like Children in the Wind and Ornamental Hairpin have also, in retrospect, been interpreted as Shimizu's attempts to escape the realities of wartime Japan (one critic even attacked Ornamental Hairpin for wasting valuable film stock). The pressure put on Shimizu by the authorities to contribute to the war effort resulted in films like Introspection Tower (also titled The Inspection Tower, 1941) and Sayon's Bell (1943). After the war, having left Shochiku, Shimizu directed films for his own production company and the Shintoho and Daiei studios. Notable works of this era, in addition to Children of the Beehive, are Children of the Great Buddha (1952) and The Shiinomi School (1955).

Shimizu lived with actress Kinuyo Tanaka from 1927 to 1929. He died of a heart attack on 23 June 1966 at the age of 63, seven years after directing his last film.

Legacy
Archive copies of Shimizu's extant films have been shown at the Cinémathèque française, the Museum of Modern Art, the Berlin International Film Festival, and other institutions and festivals.

In 2008, Shochiku released two box sets which include eight of his films (Region 2 format, with both Japanese and English subtitles). The first box set contained the films Japanese Girls at the Harbor, Mr. Thank You, The Masseurs and a Woman and Ornamental Hairpin. The second box set contained Children in the Wind, Nobuko, Introspection Tower and Four Seasons of Children. In 2009, a Criterion Collection box set of four of his films (corresponding to the first Shochiku set) was released in the Region 1 format.

title: Hiroshi Shimizu (director)


text:
Ian Prosser

Sir Ian Maurice Gray Prosser (born 5 July 1943) is a British businessman.

Prosser was born in Bath, England and educated at King Edward's School, Bath, Watford Grammar School for Boys and Birmingham University.

He retired in 2021 from positions of Chairman BP Pension Trustees, Chairman Navy Army & Airforce Institute and Chairman of GamCare. He was Chairman & CEO of Bass Brewery and latterly Chairman of IHG Hotels & Resorts until his retirement in 2003. He is a former non-executive Deputy Chairman of BP, having joined as a non-executive Director in 1997 and retired on 15 April 2010. He was formerly senior independent director of GlaxoSmithkline, a non-executive director of Boots, of Lloyds TSB. Hillshire Brands (formerly Sara Lee) Chairman of the Aviva Staff Pension Scheme and Chairman of Navy, Army & Air Force Institute.

Prosser received his knighthood in the 1995 New Year Honours list. Prosser was awarded an honorary DUniv by the University of Birmingham in 2001.

title: Ian Prosser


text:
Talk:The Gap

Untitled
Please note that the United States' clothing retailer has the name Gap Inc.. The store is not actually called The Gap. There has been a comment that the store's administration no longer wants the store to be called by its common-usage name of The Gap.

The name 'The Gap' is therefore a misnormer for the store.

Cleanup tags
Unless ChrisRuvolo specifies exactly what he feels is wrong with the article and what he feels needs to be cleaned up, there is no point in his putting on the tag. I am not a mind reader and I have no idea what his problem is with the page. Figaro 12:42, 8 January 2006 (UTC)

 * It does not comply with recommendatons of MOS:DP or Disambiguation. The edits by  were to bring this disambig page into the style guidelines, but they have been reverted.  --ChrisRuvolo (t) 22:43, 8 January 2006 (UTC)

 * But still nothing specific has been stated about what is supposed to be wrong with the page. Figaro 11:56, 10 January 2006 (UTC)

 * There's nothing wrong with the page now, and thus no cleanup tag. Tedernst | talk 16:53, 10 January 2006 (UTC)

Redirect page
I have again made the page a redirect page. Now the clothing store is properly identified, and those Americans who persist in calling the clothing retailer "The Gap" will be able to find it. Figaro 23:02, 10 January 2006 (UTC)

Merge this with Gap
Am I taking crazy pills? This page already exists. There may be some entries here which need to sync with the entries at Gap, but surely we don't need both pages. It looks like someone just copied all the content from that page to this one a few months ago and then started adding tons more links that don't need to be here. Remember: only include articles on topics which are commonly known as "The Gap", NOT every last place that has the word "Gap" in its name! SlackerMom (talk) 20:55, 6 November 2009 (UTC)
 * Agree that The Gap should only be for those entries that are likely to be linked as "The Gap". And the Gap page should only be for those that would be linked as "Gap".  Just because something has Gap in its name, wouldn't be sufficient for inclusion on either disambiguation page. --Elonka 05:24, 7 November 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Gap


text:
Shlock Rock

Shlock Rock is an American-Israeli Jewish rock band put together in December 1985 and officially founded in 1986, led by singer Lenny Solomon. The band parodies popular secular songs, substituting Jewish religious-themed lyrics. To date they have released 39 albums. Shlock Rock continues to record albums and perform live as of 2015, and to date has sold more than 200,000 CD's, tapes and DVDs in the contemporary Jewish rock arena. Their music is a mix of pop-rock song parodies and original rock songs in English and Hebrew. The stated purpose of the band is to spread Jewish pride, identity and awareness throughout the Jewish community, for Jewish continuity. Solomon and Shlock Rock tour around the world, playing at concerts, schools, and Jewish events. They are the only Jewish music band to play a concert in all 50 states.

History
According to Solomon, in December 1985, Lenny and the band "rented the 39th Street Music studio in New York for two weeks from midnight to 8:00am as it was the only time slot they could afford." Their first album was under the name "Shlock Rock" and titled "Learning is Good". It was released in January 1986.

The original Shlock Rock band consisted of Lenny Solomon (keyboards, vocals), Yonah Lloyd (guitar), Gary Wallin (drums), Mark Skier (bass), Mark Infield (saxophone, keyboards, percussion), and Danny Block (saxophone, violin). It has since gone on to include the "Jewish Rapper" Etan G, as well as Roy Weinberger on drums, Mo Shapiro on guitar and Rami Strosberg on saxophone. On tour, the band uses local musicians, except for Solomon and Etan G.

In March 2009, Shlock Rock released their 31st album “No Limits” online. It was offered in a pay-what-you-want format at a minimum download price of $1 for the twelve-song album. Customers who paid the retail price ($15), or more, also received the CD upon its release in December 2009. The album was recorded in Haworth, New Jersey. "I wrote twelve songs in four days from my house in Israel," Solomon stated, "I love these songs and want everyone to have them." The offer ran until March 28 (Passover of that year). The band released its official video for "Another Door Opens" from the album in July.

In 2011, the band released Shabbat in Liverpool, "adapting Shabbat services to the tunes of Lennon and McCartney."

Musical style and hit songs
Shlock Rock parodies popular secular songs, substituting new, Jewish religious-themed lyrics for the originals, and is "best known for songs that educate and entertain through parody."

Hit songs include "We've Got a Strong Desire" (sung to the tune of Billy Joel's "We Didn't Start the Fire"), "Abarbanel" (sung to the tune of The Beach Boys' "Barbara Ann"), "Achashverosh" (sung to the tune of Falco's "Rock Me Amadeus"" (the Salieri Club Mix), and "My Bekeshe Needs Cleaning" (sung to the tune of The Mamas & the Papas' "California Dreamin'").

Other songs by Shlock Rock include: (The following songs are from the Showtune-based album "Almost on Broadway")
 * "Old Time Torah Scroll" to the tune of "Old Time Rock & Roll" by Bob Seger
 * "Rashi" to the tune of "Windy" by The Association
 * "Under the Chupah" to the tune of "Under the Boardwalk" by The Drifters
 * "Sweet Aroma of the Challah" to the tune of "Sweet Home Alabama" by Lynyrd Skynyrd
 * "Tshuvah" to the tune of "Good Lovin'" by The Rascals
 * "(It's My Lulav, it's) All Shook Up" to the tune of "All Shook Up" by Elvis Presley
 * "Hanukah Night's Alright for Lighting" to the tune of "Saturday Night's Alright for Fighting" by Elton John
 * "All Night Long" to the tune of "All Night Long (All Night)" by Lionel Richie
 * "Learning Is Good" to the tune of "Johnny B. Goode" by Chuck Berry
 * "Havdalah" to the tune of "Ob-La-Di, Ob-La-Da" by The Beatles
 * "My Menorah" to the tune "La Bamba" by Ritchie Valens
 * "Amen" to the tune of "Cocaine" by JJ Cale (made famous by Eric Clapton)
 * "Tefillah" to the tune of Thriller by Michael Jackson
 * "Soup and Challah" to the tune of "Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious" from Mary Poppins
 * "Tekiah" to the tune of "Maria" from West Side Story
 * "Succot Nights" to the tune of "Summer Nights" from Grease
 * "Come Round He's Makin' a Boat" to the tune of "Sit Down You're Rockin' the Boat" from Guys and Dolls
 * "Gabbai of the Shul" to the tune of "Master of the House" from Les Misérables
 * "Do You Know Your Hebrew Name" to the tune of "There Is Nothing Like a Dame" from South Musical
 * "Bavel" to the tune of "Belle" from Beauty and the Beast
 * "To Ma'ariv" to the tune of "Tomorrow" from Annie
 * "Passed the Test" to the tune of "SOS" from Mamma Mia!
 * "Get Me to the Shul on Time" to the tune of "Get Me to the Church on Time" from My Fair Lady
 * "Hello Mohel, Hello Kvater" to the tune of "Hello Muddah, Hello Faddah" by Allan Sherman
 * "Learning to Dance the Hora" to the tune of "Livin' la Vida Loca" by Ricky Martin

Discography
Shlock Rock releases from 1986 to 2019 include 39 albums, 3 music video compilations and 1 songbook.

 * Learning is Good (1986)
 * Purim Torah (1987)
 * Jewish Pride (1987)
 * Emunah (1988)
 * To Unite All Jews (1988)
 * Songs of the Morning (1989)
 * Lenny and the Shlockers (1990)
 * Shlock Rock Videos, Volume 1 (1990)
 * Sgt. Shlockers Magical History Tour (1991)
 * Shlock Rock Videos Volume 2 (1992)
 * The Kosher Police (1992)
 * We're Coming Back (1992)
 * Bring Back That Shabbos Feeling (1993)
 * Manual For The Moral Minded (1994)
 * Woodshlock (1995)
 * Shlock Rock For Kids Volume 1 (1995)
 * Shlock Rock Songbook (1996)
 * Stories From the Holy Land (1997)
 * Shlock Rock Greatest Hits Volume 1 - The Early Years 1986-1990
 * Mikdash (1997)
 * Shlock Rock For Kids Sing Together (1998)
 * Menchville The Musical (1998)
 * Shlock Rock Meets The Prophets (1999)
 * Shlock Rock JMTV - Videos Volume 3 (2000)
 * God Sent Us Email (2001)
 * Rock Moshiach/Bitah Achishenah (2002)
 * Almost on Broadway (2003)
 * Tnu Lanu Siman/Give Us A Sign (2004)
 * Shlock Rock For Kids Volume 3 We're In The Band (2005)
 * J-Rap City - Shlock Rock Rap Compilation - Feat. Etan G November (2005)
 * ReJewVenated (2006)
 * Shlock Rock Music Videos (on DVD)
 * Shlock Rock GH2 - Greatest Hits Volume 2 – 1991-1996
 * Osher V'Osher (2008)
 * Shlock Rock For Kids Party Time (2008)
 * No Limits (2009)
 * A Shabbat in Liverpool (2010)
 * Kosher Cake (January 2012)
 * Still Not Quite on Broadway (2012)
 * Derech Haor (2012)
 * Shlockapella (March 2015)
 * Simchat Chayim (August 2016)
 * “The Lenny Solomon Project” – Shira Yetaira (August 2018)
 * Shlock Rock New Shul (March 2019)

title: Shlock Rock


text:
Ellingsrudåsen station

Ellingsrudåsen is a subway station on the Oslo Metro, located at Ellingsrud in the Alna borough. Since its opening on 8 November 1981, it has been the end station for the Furuset Line (Line 2). Ellingsrudåsen is a mostly residential area. Above the station is a small shopping centre.

Ellingsrudåsen is located deep underground, and elevators are the usual means of getting to and from the station. Like Romsås, Ellingsrudåsen has natural mountain walls.

title: Ellingsrudåsen station


text:
Braeside, Greenock

Braeside is a neighbourhood situated on the far west side of Greenock, in Inverclyde, Scotland.

It has one primary schools in its vicinity, Aileymill, a high school Inverclyde Academy and used to have a special needs school for handicapped children, Glenburn which for a while was ear marked to be demolished and become the site of Scotland's new national female prison HMP Inverclyde however this is no longer happening. It has a pub which is very much a village pub "the burns lounge " known as the burns .Like many of Greenock's estates it is named after the farm which once stood on its site.

During drainage work in 1955 a cow horn was found, about 4 feet (1.2 m) below ground level. It contained around sixty Scottish coins dating from 1543 to around 1570, implying that the hoard was buried in the mid-1570s. The earlier coins date from the reign of Mary, Queen of Scots, and testoons and other coins are from the reign of James VI of Scotland. The horn disintegrated, and while some of the coins were given to children and have not been traced, 20 coins were placed in the collection of the Royal Scottish Museum in Edinburgh, and 30 went to the McLean Museum in Greenock.

title: Braeside, Greenock


text:
British Forces Cyprus

British Forces Cyprus (BFC) is the name given to the British Armed Forces stationed in the UK Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia on the island of Cyprus and at a number of related 'retained sites' in the Republic of Cyprus. The United Kingdom retains a military presence on the island in order to keep a strategic location at the eastern end of the Mediterranean, for use as a staging point for forces sent to locations in the Middle East and Asia. BFC is a tri-service command, with all three services based on the island reporting to it.

History

Following the establishment of the Republic of Cyprus in 1960, the UK retained two Sovereign Base Areas in Akrotiri and Dhekelia and an RAF air marshal was appointed as the Administrator of the Sovereign Base Areas. The Treaty of Establishment also provided British access to 40 'retained sites' in the republic of Cyprus; these included numerous radar stations, several ports, a range of accommodation and support facilities and a firing range. In March of the following year British Forces Near East was created, the command of which was then held concurrently with that of the post of Administrator.

On 1 March 1961, the Southern Group of Middle East Air Force became Near East Air Force and was based in Cyprus. By 1962, the title British Forces in Cyprus was in official use. In 1976, as part of a Foreign and Commonwealth Office brief in preparation for the visit of the CENTO Secretary-General to the UK, it was recorded that: "..two Vulcan medium bomber squadrons, one Lightning all-weather fighter squadron, one Hercules transport squadron and one Whirlwind helicopter squadron were stationed on the island. It would be very difficult to relocate these forces and their training facilities to a base in a CENTO member state since an agreement would have to be negotiated. Besides, the United Kingdom would also have to pay the host nation for facilities granted. The sites in Cyprus were guarded by one infantry battalion, defended by a Bloodhound anti-aircraft missile squadron and one armoured car squadron. In fact, the Vulcans based at Akrotiri were 'the only declared nuclear force in CENTO' and the island played a unique part in the capacity of the air route of CENTO for the transfer of forces east of Suez in times of war. The radar sites and the fighter squadron were considered an extension of the NATO air defence system.'"

British Forces Cyprus retains the right to use 13 retained sites with the remaining 27 having been returned to Cyprus after the Ministry of Defence no longer required them. The most recent sites to be returned were the Berengaria Married Quarters in 2011, because they had become obsolete and the firing range on the Akamas peninsula in 1999-2001. Its training value was deemed less important than the environmental damage inflicted on an ecologically important area and the consequent political liability to British Forces Cyprus.

Force structure
Episkopi is the current location of Headquarters British Forces Cyprus. Commander British Forces Cyprus (CBF) and Administrator of the Sovereign Base Areas is a two-star appointment, alternating every three years between a British Army major-general and a Royal Air Force air vice-marshal. Consequently, the Chief of Staff British Forces Cyprus (COS) is a one-star appointment from the opposite service of the commander.

Episkopi Cantonment is home to the Sovereign Base Areas Administration, the civilian authority in the territory. Within British Forces Cyprus are a number of permanently based units; however, the large proportion of British forces in Cyprus are rotated between Cyprus and the UK:
 * Permanent Units
 * HQ, British Forces Cyprus
 * Joint Service Signal Unit (Cyprus) (Ayios Nikolaos Station)
 * Regimental Headquarters
 * 234 Signal Squadron
 * 840 Signal Squadron RAF
 * Engineering Squadron
 * Support Squadron
 * Cyprus Communications Unit (an amalgamation of 12 Signals Unit RAF at Episkopi (1 June 1969 - 1 Sept 2002 ) & 259 Signal Squadron, Royal Signals)
 * Cyprus Operations Support Unit
 * Military Transport Squadron
 * Joint Movement Squadron
 * Joint Engineer Squadron
 * Air Operations Squadron
 * No. 84 Squadron RAF
 * Resident infantry battalions — usually two light role infantry battalions, one at Dhekelia and one at Episkopi, are permanently based on the island; the battalions are usually rotated every 1-2 years.
 * 1st Battalion The Rifles
 * 1st Battalion, Duke of Lancaster's Regiment
 * Cyprus Military Working Dog Troop, Episkopi
 * Cyprus Joint Police Unit (CJPU), HQ Episkopi, a Tri-Service Military Police Unit consisting of Royal Navy Police, Royal Military Police and RAF Police.
 * 1 Platoon CJPU — Dhekelia
 * 2 Platoon CJPU — Episkopi
 * Civilian Components
 * Sovereign Base Areas Customs
 * Sovereign Base Areas Police
 * Security Force Police
 * Public Health and Environmental Health Services
 * Joint Services Health Unit (Formed in 1958)
 * HQ Akrotiri
 * No. 1 detachment RAF Akrotiri
 * No. 2 detachment Episkopi
 * No. 4 detachment Dhekelia

The Queen's and King's Divisions continue to rotate battalions through Cyprus every three years.

Commanders
The following officers have been in command of British Forces Cyprus:

General Officer Commanding Cyprus District
 * 18 March 1955 — Major-General Abdy Ricketts
 * 19 October 1956 — Major-General Douglas Kendrew
 * 11 October 1958 — Major-General Kenneth Darling

Commander, British Forces in Cyprus
 * 16 August 1960 — Air Marshal Sir William MacDonald (Administrator of the SBAs from 1960)
 * 16 July 1962 — Air Chief Marshal Sir Denis Barnett, Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief Near East and Commander British Forces in Cyprus.
 * 25 September 1964 — Air Marshal T O Prickett; Air Vice-Marshal T O Prickett CB, DSO, DFC, was "appointed Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief Near East Air Force and Commander, British Forces in Cyprus, with the acting rank of Air Marshal in succession to" Air Chief Marshal Barnett, 25 Sept 1964.
 * 21 November 1966 — Air Marshal E G Jones "appointed Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief Near East Air Force and Commander, British Forces in Cyprus, with the acting rank of Air Marshal in succession to Air Marshal Sir Thomas Prickett"
 * 6 May 1969 — Air Marshal D G Smallwood
 * 2 July 1970 — Air Marshal W D Hodgkinson, Commander, British Forces Near East; AOC in C, Near East Air Force; Administrator, Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia
 * 25 June 1973 — Air Marshal Sir John Aiken as Commander, British Forces Near East and Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief Near East Air Force Still Commander British Forces Near East in 1974.

Commander, British Forces Cyprus
 * 1 April 1976 — Air Vice-Marshal R D Austen-Smith as Commander, British Forces Cyprus/Air Commander, Cyprus and, Administrator, British Sovereign Base Areas - Cyprus on 1 April 1976;
 * 28 April 1978 — Major-General W R Taylor
 * 3 October 1980 — Air Vice-Marshal R L Davis
 * 31 March 1983 — Major-General Sir Desmond Langley
 * 29 October 1985 — Air Vice-Marshal K W Hayr
 * 21 April 1988 — Major-General J P W Friedberger
 * 1990 — Air Vice-Marshal A F C Hunter
 * 25 March 1993 — Major-General A G H Harley
 * 17 February 1995 — Air Vice-Marshal P Millar
 * 16 January 1998 — Major-General A I Ramsay
 * 5 September 2000 — Air Vice-Marshal T W Rimmer
 * 5 September 2003 — Major-General P T C Pearson
 * 26 April 2006 — Air Vice-Marshal R H Lacey
 * 16 October 2008 — Major-General J H Gordon
 * 4 November 2010 — Air Vice-Marshal G E Stacey
 * 3 January 2012 — Major-General R Cripwell
 * 20 January 2015 — Air Vice-Marshal M Wigston
 * February 2017 — Major-General J T E Illingworth
 * 25 September 2019 – Major-General R J Thomson
 * August 2022 – Air Vice-Marshal P J M Squires

Operation TOSCA
Operation TOSCA is the name given to the British contribution to the United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP). The British Contingent (BRITCON) numbers between 200 and 300, and consists of three distinct parts:
 * HQ BRITCON — responsible for the administration and support of the British Contingent.
 * Force Military Police Unit — the FMPU is commanded by a major of the Royal Military Police, with seven other members of the RMP as part of the multi-national unit.
 * UN Roulement Regiment — the URR has responsibility for patrolling Sector 2 of the Green Line in Nicosia.

The URR is drawn from across the Field Army, and will not necessarily be a specialist combat unit (infantry or cavalry), or even part of the Regular Army, as, since 2008, units of the Territorial Army / Army Reserve have undertaken deployments to the Green Line.

One of the roles of the support units of BFC is to assist as needed the British units deployed with UNFICYP, which are not part of BFC, but are instead under the direct command of the United Nations.

Units
Listed is the unit that provided the Regimental Headquarters and the bulk of the troops. Often soldiers from a number of Territorial Army units would also deploy as part of the force.

 * April 1973 – October 1973: 1st Battalion, Parachute Regiment
 * October 1973 – April 1974:
 * April 1974 – October 1974: 2nd Battalion, Coldstream Guards
 * October 1974 – April 1975: Queen's Royal Irish Hussars
 * April 1975 – October 1975: 1st Royal Tank Regiment
 * October 1975 – April 1976:
 * April 1976 – October 1976:
 * October 1976 – April 1977: 1st Battalion, Parachute Regiment
 * April 1977 – October 1977: 1st Battalion, Royal Irish Rangers
 * October 1977 – April 1978:
 * April 1978 – October 1978: 1st Battalion, Royal Regiment of Fusiliers
 * October 1978 – April 1979: 3rd Battalion, The Light Infantry
 * April 1979 – October 1979: 41 Commando Royal Marines
 * October 1979 – April 1980: 1st Battalion, The Light Infantry
 * April 1980 – October 1980: 3rd Battalion, Royal Green Jackets
 * October 1980 – April 1981: 3rd Battalion, Royal Anglian Regiment
 * April 1981 – October 1981: 1st Battalion, Green Howards
 * October 1981 – April 1982: 2nd Battalion, Queen's Regiment
 * April 1982 – October 1982: 1st Battalion, Gloucestershire Regiment
 * October 1982 – April 1983: 2nd Battalion, Grenadier Guards
 * April 1983 – October 1983: 1st Battalion, Queen's Lancashire Regiment
 * October 1983 – June 1984: 2nd Battalion, Royal Anglian Regiment
 * June 1984 – December 1984:
 * December 1984 – June 1985: 1st Battalion, Duke of Edinburgh's Royal Regiment (Berkshire and Wiltshire)
 * June 1985 – December 1985: 2nd Battalion, Royal Irish Rangers
 * December 1985 – June 1986: 2nd Battalion, Royal Regiment of Fusiliers
 * June 1986 – December 1986: 3rd Battalion, Parachute Regiment
 * December 1986 – June 1987: 3rd Battalion, Royal Regiment of Fusiliers
 * June 1987 – December 1987: 1st Battalion, Worcestershire and Sherwood Foresters Regiment
 * December 1987 – June 1988: 1st Battalion, King's Own Royal Border Regiment
 * June 1988 – December 1988: 4th/7th Royal Dragoon Guards
 * December 1988 – June 1989: 12 Air Defence Regiment, Royal Artillery
 * June 1989 – December 1989:
 * December 1989 – June 1990: 2 Field Regiment, Royal Artillery
 * June 1990 – December 1990: 22 Regiment, Royal Artillery
 * December 1990 – June 1991: Queen's Own Hussars?
 * June 1991 – December 1991:
 * December 1991 – June 1992: 15th/19th The King's Royal Hussars
 * June 1992 – December 1992: 5 Regiment, Royal Artillery
 * December 1992 – June 1993: Queen's Royal Irish Hussars
 * June 1993 – December 1993: 39 Regiment, Royal Artillery
 * December 1993 – June 1994: 2nd Royal Tank Regiment
 * June 1994 – December 1994: 7th Field Regiment, Royal Horse Artillery
 * December 1994 – June 1995: 29 Commando Regiment, Royal Artillery and Queen's Royal Lancers
 * June 1995 – December 1995:
 * December 1995 – June 1996: 12 Regiment, Royal Artillery
 * June 1996 – December 1996: 39 Regiment, Royal Artillery
 * December 1996 – June 1997: 32 Regiment, Royal Artillery
 * June 1997 – December 1997: 5 Regiment, Royal Artillery
 * December 1997 – June 1998: 1st Royal Tank Regiment
 * June 1998 – December 1998: 19 Regiment, Royal Artillery
 * December 1998 – June 1999: 47 Regiment, Royal Artillery
 * June 1999 – December 1999: 22 Regiment, Royal Artillery
 * December 1999 – June 2000: 1st Battalion, Staffordshire Regiment
 * June 2000 – December 2000: 16 Regiment, Royal Artillery
 * December 2000 – June 2001: Queen's Royal Lancers
 * June 2001 – December 2001: 12 Regiment, Royal Artillery
 * December 2001 – June 2002: 32 Regiment, Royal Artillery
 * June 2002 – December 2002:
 * December 2002 – June 2003:
 * June 2003 – December 2003: 22 Regiment, Royal Artillery
 * December 2003 – June 2003: 3rd Regiment, Royal Horse Artillery
 * June 2003 – December 2003:
 * December 2003 – June 2004:
 * June 2004 – December 2004: 40 Regiment, Royal Artillery
 * December 2004 – ? 2005: 26 Regiment, Royal Artillery
 * 2005: 1st Regiment, Royal Horse Artillery
 * October 2007 – April 2008: 10 Queen's Own Gurkha Logistic Regiment, Royal Logistic Corps
 * April 2008 – October 2008:
 * October 2008 – April 2009: 32 Signal Regiment, Royal Corps of Signals (first deployment of a Territorial Army unit for the Operation)
 * April 2009 – October 2009: 23 Pioneer Regiment, Royal Logistic Corps
 * October 2009 – April 2010: 27 Regiment, Royal Logistic Corps
 * April 2010 – October 2010: 40 Signal Regiment, Royal Corps of Signals
 * October 2010 – April 2011:
 * April 2011 – October 2011: 3rd Battalion, Royal Anglian Regiment
 * October 2011 – April 2012: 23 Pioneer Regiment, Royal Logistic Corps
 * April 2012 – October 2012: 29 Regiment, Royal Logistic Corps
 * October 2012 – April 2013: 101 Force Support Battalion, Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers
 * April 2013 – October 2013: 17 Port and Maritime Regiment, Royal Logistic Corps
 * October 2013 – April 2014: 28 Engineer Regiment, Royal Engineers
 * April 2014 – October 2014: 1st Battalion, Irish Guards
 * October 2014 – April 2015: 2nd Battalion, Mercian Regiment
 * April 2015 – October 2015: Black Watch, 3rd Battalion, Royal Regiment of Scotland
 * October 2015 – April 2016: Royal Scots Borderers, 1st Battalion, Royal Regiment of Scotland
 * April 2016 – October 2016: 36 Engineer Regiment, Royal Engineers
 * October 2016 – April 2017: 4th Battalion, Duke of Lancaster's Regiment
 * April 2017 – October 2017: 7 Regiment, Royal Logistic Corps
 * October 2017 – April 2018: Royal Scots Dragoon Guards
 * April 2018 – October 2018: Royal Lancers (Queen Elizabeths' Own)
 * October 2018 – April 2019: 1st Battalion, Scots Guards
 * April 2019 – October 2019: 4 Regiment, Royal Artillery
 * October 2019 – April 2020: 27 Regiment, Royal Logistic Corps
 * April 2020 – October 2020: 7th Battalion, The Rifles and 5th Battalion, Royal Regiment of Fusiliers
 * October 2020 – April 2021: 6th Battalion, The Rifles
 * April 2021 – October 2021: 6 Regiment, Royal Logistic Corps
 * October 2021 – April 2022: 1st Battalion, The Rifles
 * April 2022 – October 2022: 21 Engineer Regiment, Royal Engineers
 * October 2022 – April 2023: 10 Queen's Own Gurkha Logistic Regiment RLC
 * April 2023 – October 2023: Household Cavalry
 * October 2023 – April 2024: 71 Engineer Regiment, Royal Engineers
 * April 2024 – present: 4th Battalion, Parachute Regiment

The Republic of Cyprus
In addition to the Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia, 1960 Treaty of Establishment between the United Kingdom and the Republic of Cyprus granted the UK the right to permanently make use of 40 further sites on the island for military purposes.

Occupied Northern Cyprus
Three retained Military facilities are located within the territory of Northern Cyprus. They are not currently in use by British Forces Cyprus because the UK does not acknowledge the Government of Northern Cyprus.

Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia
The two British enclaves in the Republic of Cyprus, act as platforms for the projection of British military assets in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East. The enclaves serve as centres for regional communications monitoring from the eastern Mediterranean through the Middle East to Iran. Facilities within the retained areas also support British military activities on retained sites in the Republic of Cyprus and provide unique training opportunities.

Western Sovereign Base Area

Eastern Sovereign Base Area

title: British Forces Cyprus


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text: User talk:84.9.51.136

title: User talk:84.9.51.136