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Talk:Hurricane Katrina disaster relief

Ambiguity
"More than 5 Army and Air National Guardsmen and 7,200 active-duty troops were stationed in the Gulf Coast region to assist with hurricane relief operations with some remaining several weeks." What exactly does "5 Army and Air National Guardsmen" mean? I imagine there should be digits after the 5. --204.52.215.71 06:44, 26 February 2006 (UTC)

Suggestion to merge International response to the 2005 Hurricane Katrina into Relief response to Hurricane Katrina
I would vote no to that. It is good to have a summary in one article and a detailed list in another. Both articles will (most likely) be extensive; if merged, too much important information would be lost. --Tsaddik Dervish 21:31, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

No for reasons cited above. --Dpr 22:30, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

No for reasons cited by Tsaddik Dervish. --CFIF 22:32, September 2, 2005 (UTC)

No, two articles are taking shape. As can be seen, they are quite different. --Vsion 22:36, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

No, I agree with the statements above, however, there should be a clearer reference to the related articles in the seperate articles themselves. --Shadowfax0 0:44, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

No, sounded like an excellent idea, but looking at the articles shows that they are quite different. The correct title to the other article is Hurricane Katrina disaster relief. DDerby | Talk 02:51, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

Move proposal
Suggest moving to Humanitarian response to Hurricane Katrina (like Humanitarian response to the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake). -- Ian ≡ talk 03:56, 3 September 2005 (UTC) Retracting proposal as I've rethought it through. -- Ian ≡ talk 04:15, 3 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Disagree, 'humanitarian' doesn't distinguish between U.S. relief and non U.S. relief. It also doesn't distinguish between government and private aid. For many reasons those distinctions will be necessary. --Tsaddik Dervish 04:10, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

Corporations
EMC was listed in the article as being a donor... but the provided link doesn't really say that. I couldn't find a source. Can someone provide a better link and put it back if it is correct?

 * EMC

--24.165.233.150 23:43, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I removed the corporations, there are thousands of corporations/companies that are contributing - it’s impossible (and not instructive) to try to make a verifiable list. --Tsaddik Dervish 01:40, 5 September 2005 (UTC)

Disaster delcaration
I have clarified the disaster declaration by George Bush - the parishes designated on the 27th are shaded in this gif -, which I characterized as "inland." I gave counts for the counties in Mississippi and Alabama. Hipocrite - « Talk » 14:09, 28 September 2005 (UTC)

Disaster Relief
Well I'm a Civil Air Patrol member and we haven't gotten recognized to say we helped. Why? We did a good duty out there. [Even though i wasn't there] we searched for missing people and gathered food for the victims. Well if you didn't know ask the members of CAP and you will see.

I fixed your grammar. That is not representative of CAP and does not belong on Wikipedia. Also, please remember to sign your posts.

Football1607 (talk) 20:03, 11 January 2015 (UTC)

To those who are paying attention to this article...
This article is a mess. I'm just passing through to fix a link, but someone needs to take this one and do some major work. Pjbflynn 04:22, 16 January 2007 (UTC)

Red Cross Response
So there is a line that states the "Red Cross received a significant amount of criticism from the public, media and the government for its response", however the only source is that of a CharityNavigator blog. Even the actual blog article (not just the linked teaser) seems to have more praise than criticism (and the comments give further proof). I am certainly not one to say that the Red Cross was anywhere near perfect during Katrina, but this line needs to be re-worked - it simply isn't that drastic (as compared to the Bush/Blanco/Nagin fiasco). [ed] (talk) 04:20, 1 April 2008 (UTC)

 * I fact-tagged "significant" and moved the blog link to the end of the sentence. If it's inaccurate then it should all be removed of course.  Tempshill (talk) 16:45, 3 September 2008 (UTC)

Cleanup
The article certainly is a mess. From a grammar standpoint, all the stuff written in the present tense should be rewritten to be in the past tense. I just removed this paragraph that made no sense to me; if the author would like to clarify it and cite a source then feel free do so:

 * No mention is made in this story of Florida's Emergency Management headed Katrina with the aid of Mississippi MEMA and FEMA most of supplies by ground into Mississippi, with Aid of the all Military and using all bases/Posts in the Area.

Tempshill (talk) 16:42, 3 September 2008 (UTC)

Other organizations
I just removed one promotional mention from this section, and notice that it's largely unsourced, and is being used to promote numerous organizations, often with links only to their websites. JNW (talk) 02:57, 9 December 2013 (UTC)

Removal of unneeded sentence
There was an unneeded sentence in the Coast Guard section. "With 39,500 active duty members, the coast guard is tiny- but very effective." Even though that is true, it is an unneeded piece of information for this page. Please try to remember that Wikipedia articles should not contain any unnecessary information. Football1607 (talk) 20:01, 11 January 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
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External links modified (January 2018)
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20050830123402/http://www.navy.mil/palib/news/.www/status.html to http://www.navy.mil/palib/news/.www/status.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100920210231/http://www.warshipsifr.com/hurricane_special1.html to http://www.warshipsifr.com/hurricane_special1.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20060926210829/http://www.fema.gov/news/newsrelease.fema?id=18582 to http://www.fema.gov/news/newsrelease.fema?id=18582
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20060309180431/http://www.sciencedaily.com/upi/?feed=TopNews&article=UPI-1-20050909-07070700-bc-us-katrina-redcross.xml to http://www.sciencedaily.com/upi/?feed=TopNews&article=UPI-1-20050909-07070700-bc-us-katrina-redcross.xml
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Article is misleading
The article was written by someone working for the Army Public Affairs Office. It makes it seem as though it was DOD units who did most of the rescue work.

Truth. The U.S. Coast Guard was the first military service to fly into New Orleans and did so by flying into wind speeds the other service refuse to fly in. The Coast Guard pulled aviation and ground units from around the country - including helicopters from Alaska. The Coast Guard accounted for the rescues of 35,000 people - approximately half of all rescues made. 2600:6C63:417E:81A2:D9E8:E1E9:862F:BE01 (talk) 23:45, 22 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hurricane Katrina disaster relief


text:
User talk:GamerD

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Questions, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --GraemeL (talk) 21:31, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
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Some of the people, places or things you have written about in the article GamerD may not be sufficiently well-known to merit articles of their own. The Wikipedia community welcomes newcomers, and encourages them to become Wikipedians. By starting an account or logging in, each user is entitled to a user page in which they can describe themselves, and this article's content may be incorporated into that page. However, to merit inclusion in the encyclopedia proper, a subject must be notable. We encourage you to write or improve articles on notable subjects. -- GraemeL (talk) 21:31, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

Draenor credit for Kevin Michael Richardson
Thanks for digging up the tweet for Kevin Michael Richardson. I've added the reference to the article. -AngusWOOF (talk) 17:00, 29 January 2015 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:GamerD


text:
User:Petru~enwiki

Interpretarea DECAMERONULUI de catre PETRU RUSSU in 100 de Gravuri

Alexandru BALACI Academician, profesor doctor docent, vicepresedinte al Uniunii Scriitorilor di R. S. Romania, Critic de arta; Bucuresti 1985

Personalitatea lui Giovanni Boccaccio este esential artistica, marele narator italian situindu-se in aria celor care considera literatura si artele drept o activitate suficienta pentru o justificare integrala a existentei. El vrea sa curete arta de orice finalitate care nu ar servi estetica acestor zone terestre. Dupa cum el se demonstreaza a fi apt pentru a primi imensul patrimoniu al spiritualitatii antropomorfice a Antichitatii. Vasta sa curiozitate intelectuala, simptom nealeatoriu al aurorelor Renasterii, l-a purtat si spre mai putin cunoscuta cultura elena. Eruditia demonstrata, in lucrari multiple, pasiunea exceptionala pentru aprofundarea clasicilor l-au orientat spre o noua conceptie, echivalenta cu intoarcerea ochiului din ceruri spre pamint, cu trairea intensa, cu exaltarea omului ca o fiinta armonica psihofizica, cu neuitarea trupului pe care il chinuisera, in renuntari, ascetii evului de mijloc. El incearca si calea indrazneata de a evada din padurea intunecata a alegoriilor si simbolurilor in ale carui meandre ratacisera atitia scriitori ai originilor literaturii italiene. Universul sau estetic este orientat de axele cardinale ale realitatii si adevarului care se descopera integral dupa indepartarea valurilor aparentelor. Opera sa se revendica de la contemporaneitate, reflex profund al noii eruditii umane, analizata cu ochii noi ai introspectiei realiste. In felul acesta in vasta comedie umana a DECAMERONULUI, Giovanni Boccaccio scrie cartea vietii, cartea bucuriei si a naturii, proclamind, implicit, un mare protest impotriva a tot ce este constringator in lume. In arhitectura, atit de ferm construita a viguroasei sale opere, iubirea devine sentimentul tutelar, o lege a naturii care se impune oricarei existente. Marele afresc al sfirsitului evului mediu este o celebrare a vietii, de catre un spirit care isi exprima profunda intelegere despre o lume noua care se vesteste la orizontul apropiat. Lauda simturilor, lauda ratiunii sint manifestari ale unei noi spiritualitati. Viata nu mai este determinata de invocarea ajutorului divinitatii crestine tutelare, ci considerata o actiune continua, in care omul isi demonstreaza energia apta pentru a infrunta destine si a cuceri noi valori. Lumea noua, lumea laica a DECAMERONULUI, nu mai poate fi substituita de vreo alegorie crestina. Figurile terestre ale DECAMERONULUI joaca pe o scena vasta jocurile vietii adevarate, de la nastere pina la moarte. Elementele profane ale unei esemenea vaste reprezentari coplesesc reminiscentele teologale. In comedia umana a lui Boccaccio predomina hohotul de ris a carui sonoritate va rasuna peste secole.

Iubirea este forta dominanta a universului si legii ei ii sint supuse toate creaturile firii. Personajele multiple nu privesc spre ceruri platonice, ci spre pamintul care poarta florile si fructele catre primavara imbratisarii generale. Dar iubirea nu este patima oarba, exclusiv instinctuala, animalitate senzuala, un simplu freamat senzorial, ci si pasiunea in stare sa innobileze conditia umana. Ea poate dinamiza intregile virtuti, uneori latente, ale indragostitului, care dovedeste pina la urma ca iubirea poate sa creeze ”la grandezza dell’animo”. Estetica lui Boccaccio nu este niciodata gratuita. Autorul nu se complace in obscenitate si detractorii care s-au oprit mai ales asupra caracterului ”licentios” al naratiunilor din DECAMERON nu au putut sa remarce ca Giovanni Boccaccio nu a facut opera de pornografie, nu a accentuat violenta senzualitatii in aspectul ei cel mai brutal care poate injosi pe om. Dimpotriva, a cautat sa transfigureze in arta jocul acesta suprem al vietii, care este atractia sentimentelor si instinctelor intre oameni. De altfel chiar in nuvelele cele mai ”indraznete”, ceea ce acorda satisfactie suprema autorului nu este interesul coborit spre zonele inferioare ale senzualitatii, ci jocul rafinat al fortelor intelectuale puse in miscare pentru cucerirea iubirii. Boccaccio inclina balanta cartii sale spre predominarea trupului pentru a-si lua o puternica revansa asupra ascetismului care mortificase lumea. Ritmul unei exceptionale vitalitati pulseaza in fiecare erou al cartii, impingind singele nou al bucuriei care fusese uitata de oameni in primul mileniu al noii lor istorii. In reprezentarea materiei senzuale, Boccaccio urmareste comandamentul primordial al vietii care se manifesta tumultuos. Un vast curent de simpatie este prezent in paginile celei mai natural umane opere a literaturii italiene, simpatie pentru om si manifestarile lui.

Cu o asemenea vasta simpatie si adevarata estetica, s-a apropiat de personajele DECAMERONULUI graficianul romin PETRU RUSSU, incercind sa le portretizeze in formarea vitala a devenirii lor pe pamint, dincolo de normele rigide ale ascetismului religios. Sutele de siluete din fresca sa grafica urmaresc o linie de arta senina, dincolo de abstractiune, intr-o zona a bucuriei celei mai omenesti posibile. O lege dinamica a actiunii continue face sa defileze, in fata celui care priveste, hora personajelor, intr-un loc liber al fanteziei de arta, intr-o cautare a unitatii in varietate. Pe nucleele tematice ale DECAMERONULUI, ilustratorul romin a filigranat un arabesc colorat si dinamic, asupra caruia iradiaza lumini existentiale. Ca un artizan florentin, PETRU RUSSU cizeleaza in subtile linii armonice simetriile textuale ale capodoperei italiene, revendicindu-se de la o coerenta ludica, la o tenacitate incordata permanent. Tensiunea naratiunii este echivalata de incordarea grafica, in convergenta catre o corespondenta nealeatorie. Graficianul mai incearca cu flexibilitate sa redea tonalitate si nuante generate de o atit de complexa materie de arta. Intensul cromatism al abstractiilor trimite spre manuscrise ale trecutului in care miniatura colorata viu facea sa ”surida” orice pagina. Simbologia unui erotism intens in care protagonistii iubirii pot deveni, emblematic, flori ori pasari, este o demonstratie clara a unei intelegeri stilistice originale a structurilor de cristal ale DECAMERONULUI. Exista impresia ca artistul a incercat o proprie desfatare estetica atunci cind si-a elaborat, cu libera, ludica fantezie, ramele si apele oglinzilor in care a cautat sa rasfringa marele mozaic literar al DECAMERONULUI, capodopera a vietii si iubirii nemuritoare.

title: User:Petru~enwiki


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A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful

A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful is a 1757 treatise (2nd edition 1759) on aesthetics written by Edmund Burke. It was the first complete philosophical exposition for separating the beautiful and the sublime into their own respective rational categories. It attracted the attention of prominent thinkers such as Denis Diderot and Immanuel Kant.

Summary
According to Burke, the Beautiful is that which is well-formed and aesthetically pleasing, whereas the Sublime is that which has the power to compel and destroy us. The preference for the Sublime over the Beautiful was to mark the transition from the Neoclassical to the Romantic era.

The origins of our ideas of the beautiful and the sublime, for Burke, can be understood by means of their causal structures. According to Aristotelian physics and metaphysics, causation can be divided into formal, material, efficient and final causes. The formal cause of beauty is the passion of love; the material cause concerns aspects of certain objects such as smallness, smoothness, delicacy, etc.; the efficient cause is the calming of our nerves; the final cause is God's providence. What is most peculiar and original to Burke's view of beauty is that it cannot be understood by the traditional bases of beauty: proportion, fitness, or perfection. The sublime also has a causal structure that is unlike that of beauty. Its formal cause is thus the passion of fear (especially the fear of death); the material cause is equally aspects of certain objects such as vastness, infinity, magnificence, etc.; its efficient cause is the tension of our nerves; the final cause is God having created and battled Satan, as expressed in John Milton's great epic Paradise Lost.

Kant's comments
Immanuel Kant critiqued Burke for not understanding the causes of the mental effects that occur in the experience of the beautiful or the sublime. According to Kant, Burke merely gathered data so that some future thinker could explain them.

"To make psychological observations, as Burke did in his treatise on the beautiful and the sublime, thus to assemble material for the systematic connection of empirical rules in the future without aiming to understand them, is probably the sole true duty of empirical psychology, which can hardly even aspire to rank as a philosophical science."

- Immanuel Kant, First Introduction to the Critique of Judgment, X.


text:
User talk:Rodger Thorm

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title: User talk:Rodger Thorm


text:
Kabekona Lake

Kabekona Lake is a clear lake in northern Minnesota, United States, located 2.5 miles south of Laporte in Hubbard County. Kabekona has a surface area of 2433 acre and a maximum depth of 133 feet (41 m) — with an average depth of 53 feet (16 m). Kabekona (Gabekana in the Ojibwe language) means "End of the Trail" to dissuade others from venturing to the very clear lake. Kabekona is the 2nd clearest lake in Minnesota.

This spring-fed lake is known for its loon birdlife. At one point it was thought to be the source of the Mississippi River. Among the most popular fishes in this lake are yellow perch, bass, northern pike, and walleye. Kabekona Lake was formerly known as "Friendship Springs". The best fishing spot on the lake is known as “Keay Point”, named after the family who lives close by.

title: Kabekona Lake


text:
Crawford Lake Conservation Area

Crawford Lake Conservation Area is a conservation area owned and operated by Conservation Halton near the community of Campbellville in Milton, Halton, Ontario, Canada. It is categorized as a regional environmentally sensitive area, an Ontario Area of Natural and Scientific Interest, and part of the Niagara Escarpment world biosphere reserve. The conservation area contains Crawford Lake, a reconstructed Iroquoian village, and several hiking trails.

A study conducted in 1971 determined that the lake is meromictic, which makes the lake a prime site for archaeological and geochemical studies. Using pollen analysis, reconstruction of the history of the area over several hundred years was possible. Geochemical analysis of sediment cores has allowed for the reconstruction of the pollution history of the area. This analysis revealed the trends and sources of air pollution over approximately 150 years.

The pollen analysis revealed corn pollen, indicating a possible Iroquoian settlement nearby, as corn was a staple of their agriculture. A search of the surrounding area found a grindstone, which would have been used in such a village. Digs of the area just south of the grindstone revealed the foundations of an eleven-longhouse village. The village, thought to be inhabited by either the Wendat (Huron) or Neutral Confederacy peoples, has been reconstructed in the conservation area and is based on many years of research by archaeologists, who continue to study the site. The reconstructed fifteenth century Iroquoian village is open seasonally and for special events. The site offers interpretive programs of Iroquoian life and culture and has three reconstructed longhouses and a palisade, although the original village did not have a palisade. One longhouse is used to display contemporary indigenous art and artifacts recovered from past digs. The longhouses are representative of life in the village at the time, with fireplaces, fur-lined bunk beds, and various items used at the time.

The lake is named after the Crawford family, who lived on the site and donated the land to the conservation authority. Their house remained there until it burned down. All that survived was the front porch that was constructed of cement. Photographs of the original house and members of the Crawford family exist. The Crawford family also owned a cedar tree farm on the opposite side of the lake.

The conservation area also has 19 km of hiking and cross-country skiing and snowshoeing trails with connections to Bruce Trail. A boardwalk trail circles the lake, protecting the environment while allowing access. The trail is decorated with various sculptures and artistic benches. Another trail leads to the escarpment, and another connects to nearby Rattlesnake Point Conservation Area.

Anthropocene epoch marker
In July 2023, Crawford Lake was chosen as the "golden spike" by the Anthropocene Working Group as the clear marker for the beginning of the Anthropocene epoch. The unique conditions of the lake preserves layers of sediment similar to tree rings used in dendrochronology; the presence of plutonium in the layer of lake mud dated to 1950 has been set as the beginning of the new proposed epoch.

title: Crawford Lake Conservation Area


text:
The Surgery

The Surgery was a British radio show that aired on BBC Radio 1 weekly from 1999 to 2017.

It was most recently hosted by Katie Thistleton and Doctor Radha Modgil, prior to its merger in November 2017 with a new show entitled Radio 1's Life Hacks.

History
The show first began with Sara Cox on 19 September 1999, then was joint-hosted by Emma B. Emma B and Doctor Mark Hamilton then co-hosted the show for six years, before Letitia SD took over the programme. From July 2007, Annie Mac took over the role of presenting from Letitia during the Sex Weeks of Summer, a series of special programs during Radio 1's Six Weeks of Summer, focusing on sex related issues. The show was relaunched in October 2007 with Kelly Osbourne at the helm, but her stint was short lived. She was formally replaced by Aled Haydn Jones in March 2009.

In June 2014, it was announced that starting 1 September 2014, The Surgery would move to a weekly Wednesday night slot, from 9pm to 10pm.

In April 2015, it was announced that Gemma Cairney would present the show from June 2015 to April 2017.

Following Cairney's departure from the station in May 2017, Katie Thistleton took over co-hosting the show alongside Doctor Radha Modgil.

In November 2017, the show was axed in favour of a new show on Sunday afternoons entitled Radio 1's Life Hacks hosted by Cel Spellman, Katie Thistleton and Radha Modgil.

Format
Listeners were given advice, mostly for common adolescent problems, and other listeners shared their experiences and advice and were encouraged to give their point of view. The format was similar to "problem pages" found in teenage magazines. There were also often special shows specifically dedicated to one subject, such as a type of addictive behaviour or dependency. The Surgery had a team of experts on hand to deal with both medical, emotional and psychological problems, including Doctor Radha Modgil and psychotherapist Aaron Balick. After the departure of medical doctor Mel Sayer in September 2012, Sanjay Pawar was announced as the new resident doctor on The Surgery. In June 2013, Radha Modgil became the new resident doctor.

Open University TV programmes
Four television programmes were made for the Open University about themes which were often discussed relating to sexual health.

University tours
In October 2005, the programme toured four universities, broadcasting live from student union bars. In September 2005, it went on a 'Sex Tour', discussing sexual health at Yale College in Wrexham.

Common issues
While there was often a discussion 'theme' on the show, it was up to callers and texters to decide what they wanted to ask about.

Personal issues commonly tackled on the show include:
 * Bullying
 * Gambling
 * Self harming
 * Teenage pregnancy, abortion, and contraception
 * Exam stress
 * Sexually transmitted diseases
 * Depression
 * Sunburn

title: The Surgery


text:
Parnell Park

Parnell Park is a GAA stadium in Donnycarney, Dublin, Ireland with a capacity of 8,500. It is the home of the Dublin GAA hurling, football, camogie and ladies' football teams at all levels of competition.

The ground is used by Dublin's inter-county teams mainly during home National Hurling League & All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship games and as a training ground, with most National Football League and All-Ireland Senior Football Championship games played in Croke Park. However, Dublin county championships and other competitions also take place in Parnell Park every year.

Parnell Park also serves as the headquarters of the Dublin County Board.

Design
Parnell Park follows the standard four-sided design of most stadiums. The ground has a main stand on the north side of the pitch which can seat about 2,800. The main stand is covered and has one tier. The stand includes facilities and shops under the stand.

The rest of the ground is terraced with the majority of it covered, although some of the main terrace on the south side is not covered. The terrace on the west side of the ground is known as the Church end due to it being near Donnycarney Church. The terraces in Parnell are all one tier and the facilities and shops are at the rear or the side depending on which terrace you are in.

In 2004 late work began to install flood lights in Parnell Park. The first competitive match under lights was played in 2005 and saw Dublin defeat Mayo 2-13 to 1-15.

title: Parnell Park


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Vilkaviškis District Municipality

Vilkaviškis District Municipality is one of 60 municipalities in Lithuania. Its administrative center is Vilkaviškis.

title: Vilkaviškis District Municipality


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Talk:Aiguille du Midi

Please check the License of the images! They are incomplete or missing. --Paddyez 21:37, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Fixed. Seabhcán 22:19, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

There is more than just a café at the summit - there are three separate eating establishments of different levels of formality - a snack bar, a café, and a restaurant. 83.78.56.98 06:19, 16 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Fixed! (Only took 15 1/2 years!) Wigly Pigly (talk) 11:38, 22 February 2023 (UTC)

Translation
The infobox listed the translation of Aiguille du Midi as 'Needle of the South'. This contradicts the text of the article, which gives the translation 'Needle of Midday'. I'm sure the latter is correct, and have corrected the text in the infobox accordingly. Terraxos (talk) 01:04, 23 July 2008 (UTC)

Sorry, but as certain as you are, I think that's folk etymology and not the real thing. The word "midi" does mean noon in French; however, Midi (capitalized) is the French term for the south of France. Go over to the Français version of Wikipedia and look up Midi and see. Then open Google Earth and note that the Aiguille is some degrees southeast of Chamonix and therefore the sun would not be above the peak at noon. There are also other topographic features that have this word in their names, such as the Col du Midi, the Crêt du Midi, the Pointe du Midi, the Dent du Midi, the Rocher du Midi, Midi du Pont and the Pierre à Midi. In each case, the word means "south." 164.144.248.25 (talk) 22:07, 3 September 2008 (UTC)

"Needle of the Noon"? That's the most laughable thing I've ever heard? Embarrassing. And still like that years later. Wow, wikipedia's a mess! 76.15.69.27 (talk) 16:01, 4 February 2014 (UTC)
 * Also, the brochure referenced for the bizarre (completely invented) "name" section, says none of the things the section does! It's entirely made up by some schmo who had a year of high-school French. The Midi is a region of southern France. It is not "The South" and it is certainly not "Noon". All that stuff about the peak at noon is fiction invented by some Wikipedia writer! Embarrassing ! 76.15.69.27 (talk) 16:11, 4 February 2014 (UTC)

 * There has been some interesting guesswork gone into this article and its talk page. I have now removed irrelevant content and prioritised the rest, and given citation from a professional chamonix-based website as to the meaning of the name, which, if translation is important is 'needle of mid-day' or 'needle of noon'. Explaining regions of France seem best left to this talk page and certainly not to the first section of an article about an alpine mountain. Parkywiki (talk) 11:26, 23 February 2016 (UTC)

"Fast ascends to a height above 3000 m will frequently lead to headaches or other symptoms of altitude sickness with sensitive persons."
Dear Eric,

you undid my addition to the article with the comment: "rv random unencyclopedic interjection"

You might have a point there.

On the other hand I thought it reasonable to warn people that they might be subject to a headache when ascending with the cable car. Just so they know what to expect.

Do you have any suggestion where such a warning should rather be placed?

Maybe on Wikivoyage? In this case it would be a good idea to refer to the Wikivoyage entry from this article, though.

It there a simple way to do this? With a template maybe?

best regards,

KaiKemmann (talk) 02:19, 31 May 2017 (UTC)
 * Hi Kai- I'm not too familiar with Wikivoyage, but I'm guessing that would be the better place to offer travel advice. I found this page that offers some template links, though no real guidance: Wikivoyage. For the wording, I'd suggest something more like: "Visitors should note that rapid ascent to an altitude above 3000 m frequently leads to..." or "Visitors should note that rapid ascent to an altitude above 3000 m can lead to..." (maybe with a reference?). Eric talk 11:53, 31 May 2017 (UTC)

 * Thank you for your thoughts and your help with the wording.
 * Was this a suggestion for a Wikivoyage article or did you think the rephrased sentence could be added back to the article?
 * I just noticed that Wikivoyage does not have an article on the "Aiguille du Midi" yet.
 * But surprisingly the cable car to Aiguille du Midi is actually mentioned in their corresponding article on altitude sickness.
 * KaiKemmann (talk) 17:47, 31 May 2017 (UTC)
 * Hi Kai- Yes, I was suggesting it for Wikivoyage, not the encyclopedia. Eric talk 20:15, 31 May 2017 (UTC)

Doubt over origin of name
I propose to remove a statement suggesting that the stated meaning of the peak's name is "apocryphal" because it is WP:OPINION, and is not supported by any sources. How do other editors view this? My reasoning is that there are at least two locally-based Chamonix websites which support the stated suggestion. I don't think we should concern ourselves unduly with the original derivation of a name a couple of hundred or more years ago if we don't have the evidence to debate it. But, on balance, I do feel the insertion of an unsupported statement suggestion that its likely meaning is "apocryphal" pushes that balance firmly in the wrong direction, and is not in the spirit of an encyclopedia based on evidence. I can think of many geographic features where the name is suggestive, but not literal. Within the commune of Chamonix there are a number of churches, and if anyone cares to go to Les Praz de Chamonix, you can look absolutely due south and see the Midi's summit from one of its churches there. (See this Google street view) I don't proffer this as proof of the origin of the summit's name; just as reasoning for removing a strong and unsubstantiated suggestion that it is not. (And if you don't know which summit is which, the Midi is just left of the left-most branch of the bare tree beside the church). And here are two other views looking due south from modern day Chamonix centre, straight towards the Aiguille du Midi from a different church. https://goo.gl/maps/WkBQDg5XBG72 and https://goo.gl/maps/vjWVf2AVhqq. Nick Moyes (talk) 00:47, 1 June 2017 (UTC)

 * Exactly. The whole argument is pedantic and tedious and it should go.
 * KaiKemmann (talk) 01:50, 5 June 2017 (UTC)

 * Hello all- I removed the etymology assertions after doing some research. Nothing I found in my (not exhaustive) search convinced me that the name comes from anything other than a reference to the southerly direction as seen from Chamonix. The sources cited after the text I removed were both travel-promo websites, not convincing sources for etymology, methinks. In any case, no translator would come up with "Needle of the Mid-day" as the name in English. Maybe "Needle of Noon" or "Needle of the South", just as an explanatory literal translation. But there is no need to attempt a definitive translation of such a name. Eric talk 14:59, 17 December 2020 (UTC)

Photo needs description
The photo in the third row, right, is lacking description. Can someone more knowledgeable than me please add. Wigly Pigly (talk) 11:33, 22 February 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Aiguille du Midi


text: User talk:83.245.37.18

title: User talk:83.245.37.18


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Paul Rader

Paul Alexander Rader (born March 14, 1934), is an American religious leader, who was the 15th General of the Salvation Army from 1994 to 1999, and was the President of Asbury University in Wilmore, Kentucky, from 2000 to 2006.

Biography
Born in New York City in 1934, Rader spent his undergraduate years at Asbury University, then studied at the Asbury Theological Seminary and the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, graduating with BA, BD and MTh degrees.

At Asbury, he met and married his wife, Kay, who upon graduating with a BA degree, qualified as a teacher. Together, they entered the Salvation Army School for Officers Training in New York in September 1960 and were commissioned a year later.

Lieutenant Rader and his wife temporarily assisted at Newark, New Jersey Central Corps, while learning the Korean language with the intention to serve as missionaries there. They arrived in Seoul, Korea, in January 1962 to serve on the staff of the Officer Training College. After five years, Captain Rader was appointed vice-principal.

They returned to America for two years in 1971 where Rader, now a captain and then a major, was assigned to Southern California Divisional Headquarters and his wife to Pasadena Corps, in California. While in California, Rader studied at Fuller Seminary, earning his doctorate in Missiology. In August 1973, they again returned to Korea, to serve first as training principal, then later as Territorial Education Secretary. In October 1977, Major Rader was appointed chief secretary and promoted to the rank of lieutenant-colonel. In February 1984, Rader returned to the United States after 22 years of service to serve as principal of the School for Officers' Training in Suffern, New York. He then was awarded a Doctor of Laws (LLD) degree from Asbury.

In January 1989, Colonel Rader was appointed chief secretary of the USA Eastern Territory, and in October 1989 was promoted to the rank of commissioner and became leader of the USA Western Territory. Then in 1994 he was elected general of The Salvation Army where he served until 1999.

He served as president of Asbury University from 2000 through 2006 and was Asbury's 15th president. Rader retired as president in 2006.

Rader is the great-nephew of evangelist Paul Rader.

title: Paul Rader


text:
File:GoodnightOpus.jpg

Summary
Goodnight Opus book cover

title: File:GoodnightOpus.jpg


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Beth Chayim Chadashim

Beth Chayim Chadashim (בית חיים חדשים), abbreviated as BCC, is a Reform Jewish synagogue located at 6090 West Pico Boulevard, in Mid-City Los Angeles, California, in the United States.

The congregation was founded in 1972, primarily for lesbian and gay Jews. The Los Angeles Conservancy acknowledges the congregation as being "culturally significant" as both the first LGBT synagogue in the world, the first LGBT synagogue recognized by the Union for Reform Judaism and, in 1977, as the first LGBT synagogue to own its own building.

History
On April 4, 1972, Selma Kay, Jerry Gordon, Jerry Small, and Bob Zalkin were the only people who came to a weekly Wednesday night meeting at Los Angeles's Metropolitan Community Church. They were all Jewish, and Selma asked, "Why don't we form a temple with an outreach to the gay Jews?" The others agreed, and Rev. Troy Perry offered them the use of the church's facilities free of charge. About a dozen women and men responded to the call to an ad hoc committee meeting to discuss the temple's founding, and the first service was held June 9, 1972 in Jerry Gordon's home. In July 1972, an interfaith service was held at MCC's sanctuary, to introduce the new temple to the gay and lesbian community. Weekly Friday night Jewish services were then held at MCC.

In 1973, BCC received a Torah scroll from the town of Chotěboř (in the former Czechoslovakia), on permanent loan from Westminster Synagogue in London. The synagogue was welcomed into the Reform movement the same year.

After several temporary locations, in 1977 the BCC congregation purchased a storefront at 6000 West Pico Boulevard in West Los Angeles (the Pico-Robertson area) that was transformed into a synagogue and Jewish life-cycle space. The membership grew and flourished for over 30 years at this location. In 1978, the synagogue began to publish a newsletter titled G'vanim.

In 1997, the congregation celebrated its 25th anniversary. At that time, it had 250 members (not including children) with 90% of them being LGBT and its oldest member being 87 years old.

Janet Marder was the congregation's first rabbi. Lisa Ann Edwards later served as a student rabbi under their first full-time rabbi, Denise Eger. From 1992 to 2007, Cantorial Soloist Fran Magid Chalin's unique use of music and energy served to unite, uplift, inspire, and prompt BCC's connection to Jewish tradition, especially for the growing number of BCC children. In 1994 Rabbi Lisa Ann Edwards was ordained and became BCC's rabbi. After a 25 year tenure, Rabbi Lisa Edwards retired in 2019. Rabbi Jillian R. Cameron became BCC's rabbi in 2020.

In 2006, Ohr Chayim (Light of Life) was initiated as BCC's Family Education Program for children and their families, under Leah Zimmerman, the first Director of Education. Cantor Juval Porat, the first cantor to be trained in post-Holocaust Germany, was installed as BCC's Cantor in 2010.

After five years of planning, BCC moved a block away from its first home to 6090 West Pico Boulevard, to accommodate BCC's expanding membership, staff and Jewish glbt studies programming. This endeavor of renovating three 1931 store fronts was led by BCC's first Executive Director Felicia Park-Rogers (hired in 2005) and BCC Member, Architect Ira Dankberg, and was designed by Toni Lewis and Marc Schoeplein of Lewis|Schoeplein architects. 6090 West Pico Boulevard is the first LEED certified synagogue in the United States.

The current clergy are Rabbi Jillian Cameron and Cantor Juval Porat. It has an inclusive and progressive stance and programming towards gender and sexuality.

title: Beth Chayim Chadashim


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Gatley railway station

Gatley railway station is on the Styal Line in Greater Manchester, England. It serves the village of Gatley in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport.

History

The station was opened by the London & North Western Railway in 1909; it was first known as Gatley for Cheadle, before being renamed Gatley on 6 May 1974.

The station is on the A560 Gatley Road and has a car park. The ticket office and waiting room, on the Manchester-bound platform, are only open in the morning.

Gatley station re-opened on 28 January 2007, after reconstruction of the platforms and work to replace the ramp access to them. 2010 saw the installation of electronic train service information screens on each platform. In 2018, Northern by Arriva introduced ticket machines, which are on the northbound platform and at the bottom of the ramp for the southbound platform.

Work to extend the platforms at the station is expected to be completed by March 2023.

Historical
When the Styal line was electrified in 1960, there was half-hourly electric service (Monday - Saturday) between Manchester Oxford Road and Alderley Edge operated by AM4 (Class 304) EMUs. Services were extended to Altrincham, when the M&SJR was re-electrified at 25 kV AC in 1971, and operated in this way until the line between Altrincham and Cornbrook Junction was transferred to Manchester Metrolink in 1990.

When Manchester Airport railway station opened in 1993, the Monday to Saturday service pattern was 2 trains per hour to Manchester Piccadilly. 2 trains per hour operated in the opposite direction - one to Manchester Airport and the other continued onto Crewe until 17:00, then terminated at Wilmslow in the evening. Sunday services consisted of 1 train per hour to Manchester Airport, with one service every 2 hours continuing to Alderley Edge and 1 train an hour to Manchester Piccadilly.

Present
As of December 2022, the Monday to Saturday off-peak service is three trains per hour southbound to Manchester Airport with one southbound train per hour continuing to Crewe via Wilmslow, and three northbound services to Manchester Piccadilly (two stopping, one fast), with one continuing to Liverpool Lime Street via Newton-le-Willows and one continuing to Barrow-in-Furness or Windermere.

On Sundays, the northbound services to Barrow-in-Furness/Windermere and Manchester Piccadilly are replaced by TransPennine Express services between Manchester Airport and Saltburn, giving 2 trains per hour during the day. The southbound stopping service terminates at Wilmslow instead of Crewe on Sundays.

title: Gatley railway station


text: Template:Air America radio stations

title: Template:Air America radio stations


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Bluey (1976 TV series)

Bluey is an Australian television series made by Crawford Productions for the Seven Network in 1976.

The series was a police drama from Crawford Productions, but was different from their previous series—Homicide, Division 4 and Matlock Police—in that it focused on a single detective rather than an ensemble, and that the characters were not stock standard archetypes usually seen in police dramas. Stand-up comedian Lucky Grills was cast as the titular Det. Sgt. "Bluey" Hills who, in contrast to the relatively straight detectives seen in Crawford's previous shows, was obese, drank heavily (even on duty), smoked heavily, visited local prostitutes, and would often enact physical violence on criminals.

It premiered on Wednesday 21 July 1976 on ATN-7 in Sydney, as a 90-minute pilot episode, with the first 60-minute episode premiering on the following day, Thursday 22 July 1976. Bluey was later an essential Thursday viewing.

Main

 * Lucky Grills as Det. Sgt. ‘Bluey’ Hills
 * Gerda Nicolson as Sgt. Monica Rourke
 * John Diedrich as Det. Gary Dawson
 * Ken Goodlet as Assistant Commissioner
 * Terry Gill as Det. Sgt. Reg Truscott
 * Victoria Quilter as Jo Goldman
 * Mercia Deane-Johns as Debbie Morley (6 eps)
 * Fred Parslow as Superintendent

Regular / guests

 * Anthony Hawkins as David Andrews (1 ep)
 * Belinda Giblin as Sergeant Tracey Alexander (1 ep)
 * Billie Hammerberg as Stella Hedley / Alice Collins / Mrs Gruman (3 eps)
 * Briony Behets as Kate Wallace (1 ep)
 * Caroline Gillmer as Tracy Carter (1 ep)
 * Don Barker as Det. Sgt. Harry White
 * Elspeth Ballantyne as Rhoda Lewis (1 ep)
 * Frank Gallacher as Jules (1 ep)
 * Garry Meadows as Ted Powees (1 ep)
 * Gary Waddell as Terry Baxter / Davidson (2 eps)
 * Gerard Maguire as Larry Davis (1 ep)
 * John Bluthal as Newsman (1 ep)
 * John Clayton as Bert Thompson (1 ep)
 * John Hargreaves as Eric Yates (1 ep)
 * John Orcsik as Dino Rossi
 * Jonathan Hardy (1 ep)
 * Judith McGrath as Mrs Thompson (1 ep)
 * Judy McBurney as Janey / Sandra Gibson (3 eps)
 * Julieanne Newbould as Sue Golding (1 ep)
 * Leila Hayes as Georgie (2 eps)
 * Lesley Baker as Leslie Stewart (1 ep)
 * Liddy Clark as Esele Fulcher (1 ep)
 * Lynette Curran as Jenny (1 ep)
 * Maria Mercedes as Teresa (1 ep)
 * Maurie Fields as Brougham
 * Michael Beecher
 * Michael Long
 * Penny Ramsey as Belinda Dempsey (1 ep)
 * Patsy King as Tina Golding (1 ep)
 * Reg Evans as Wally 'Birds' Avery (1 ep)
 * Reg Gorman as Nipper Read (1 ep)
 * Rowena Wallace as Jean Anderson (1 ep)
 * Serge Lazareff as Joey Raven / Janos
 * Sheila Florance as Mrs O'Brien (1 ep)
 * Sigrid Thornton as Helen Laughton (1 ep)
 * Tony Bonner as James Conder (1 ep)
 * Tracy Mann as Marcia Franks (1 ep)
 * Vic Gordon as Jake Hobbs / Kenneth Granger (2 eps)
 * Vivean Gray as Mrs Jenkins (1 ep)

Overview
Bluey was set at Melbourne's Russell Street Police Headquarters, with "Bluey" Hills heading his own squad ("Department B"), due to his inability to work within the existing police squads. Department B was given cases that the other departments could not readily solve by conventional means, with Hills applying his unconventional methods to bring about their resolution.

Bluey was supported in his investigations by newly assigned Det. Gary Dawson (John Diedrich) long-time cohort Sgt. Monica Rourke (Gerda Nicolson), and undercover officer Det. Sgt. Reg Truscott (Terry Gill), who spent his time ostensibly working as a small-time burglar, and supplying Bluey with information on the activities of local criminals. Victoria Quilter also featured in early episodes as Dawson's girlfriend Jo Goldman, later replaced by Mercia Deane-Johns as Debbie Morley. Whilst a constant thorn in the side of the Assistant Commissioner (Ken Goodlet) and Superintendent (Fred Parslow), Bluey's methods were highly effective—while other squads didn't want him as a part of their team, they still sought him out when they could not get the job done.

Unlike other Australian TV series where it was common practice to shoot interior scenes on 2.5 cm quadruplex videotape and outdoor shots on film, the series was entirely shot on colour film. The final episode, "Son of Bluey", featured an appearance by actor Don Barker as Det. Sgt. Harry White—the same character he played in Homicide.

Lucky Grills as Bluey
Lucky Grills told TV Week magazine that after playing a guest role in an episode of Matlock Police someone thought of him for the role of Bluey.

His agent sent him a page of script, which he read and then went to audition. After the audition, it took ten days for the call to come through telling him he had the part. "It was Hector Crawford himself calling to tell me I had the role."

Legacy
Around the same time the series was airing, Grills featured as himself in an episode of Crawford's sitcom Bobby Dazzler, as a telethon guest, where reference was made to his role in Bluey.

Although the show only lasted for one year, Bluey found a new audience almost two decades later when dubbed clips from the show formed the basis for the popular The Late Show comedy sketch "Bargearse". In addition to two other guest appearances as himself, Grills also reprised his role as Bluey on The Late Show in order to protest the airing of the last Bargearse sketch. Another enduring element from the show, the theme music—a library music instrumental composed by Brian Bennett titled "New Horizons", is now best associated with coverage of cricket from Nine Network's Wide World of Sports from 1977 until 2018.

Since the original TV run Bluey was replayed a total of 3 times on Channel Seven, the first being in the late 70s at a 2pm weekday timeslot. During the late 1980s period Seven replayed it at an early 4pm timeslot weekday mornings and the fourth and final screening was in 1994 usually at a late night time-slot around 11pm or 12am weekly on Wednesday night or Thursday morning. The series has not been replayed on Channel Seven its original TV station since that period.

Of the cast members, Gerda Nicolson, died on 12 June 1992, and Lucky Grills died on 27 July 2007. As a result of commentary on the Bargearse DVD release, Victoria Quilter is listed on several Internet sites—including IMDb—as being officially listed as a "missing person". However,, she was alive and well and living in Sydney.

title: Bluey (1976 TV series)


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Air Vietnam

Active from 1951 to 1975, Air Viet Nam (Air VN) (Hãng Hàng không Việt Nam) was South Vietnam's first commercial air carrier, headquartered in District 1, Saigon. Established under a decree by Chief of State Bảo Đại, the airline flew over two million passengers, throughout the Vietnam War, and until its collapse due to the Fall of Saigon.

History
Air Viet Nam's initial fleet consisted of five Cessna 170s, Douglas DC-3s and Douglas DC-4s with the airline flying mainly between cities and towns throughout Vietnam. By 1975, Air Viet Nam was using a fleet of Boeing aircraft, some leased from Pan Am and China Airlines consisting of a number of Boeing 707s and Boeing 727s on both regional and international routes.

As passenger traffic increased with the start of the Vietnam War, Air Viet Nam added aircraft, initially Viscounts, DC-3s, and DC-4s. It eventually obtained more modern aircraft, including Boeing 727s, some of which were obtained from Air France and Pan Am. At least one C-46 was leased from China Airlines, and was flown by a Taiwanese crew. That aircraft had a color scheme different from the rest of the Air Viet Nam fleet.

In an unusual joint venture, Air Viet Nam was joined by Continental Air Services (CASI), a subsidiary airline of Continental Airlines set up to provide operations and airlift support in Southeast Asia, in the mid-1960s. Under this agreement, CASI would share passengers and cargo routes with Air Viet Nam on certain domestic and international routes. In addition, CASI and Air Viet Nam would share hangars and flight lines. CASI also picked up a portion of aircraft maintenance. Heavy engine overhaul was done in Hong Kong, by China Airlines, and some in Taiwan by Air Asia (a subsidiary of Air America). CASI paid a portion of its revenues to Air Viet Nam for the routes and privileges. Many CASI aircraft operating from Saigon carried the dragon emblem of Air Viet Nam.

In 1972, Air Vietnam had one B747-200 leased from Air France and another B747-100 leased from Pan Am both of which were flown back to their owners within a few weeks of the Fall of Saigon.

Fall of Saigon
During the Fall of Saigon and the impending invasion of North Vietnam into South Vietnam, Air Viet Nam decided to assist and help all South Vietnamese citizens to escape to neighboring countries. Many of their pilots and crew worked long hours ferrying South Vietnamese citizens to Thailand, Taiwan, the Philippines, and other Southeast Asian countries to escape the invading North Vietnamese army. One Boeing 707 flew to Taipei for the use of former President Nguyen Van Thieu and his wife, and close aides had been flown into exile on a CIA C-118 transport. Thieu was extended the courtesy once in exile of the Boeing jet as he went from first Taiwan, then the United Kingdom, before finally flying onto the United States of America where it was returned to Pan Am from which it had been leased. An Air Vietnam aircraft abandoned at the Songshan Airport was later handed over to a Taiwanese airline.

One Air Vietnam Boeing 727 was returned to Vietnam from Hong Kong in early June 1975, by lead pilot Huynh Minh Boong, who had married General Pham Hung's sister. Captain Huynh Minh Boong with over 10,000 flight hours, was a pilot on Vietnam Airlines overseas flights due to his IATA credentials, then in early 1980 he was appointed as head of training of Vietnam Airlines, now retired and lives in Ho Chi Minh City.

The only commercial jet airplanes transferred from Air Vietnam to Vietnam Airlines are: one Boeing 707 and one Boeing 727-100.

Codeshare partners
According to the timetable published in 1969, Air Vietnam codeshared with the following airlines:

 * 🇦🇺 Qantas
 * 🇰🇭 Royal Air Cambodge
 * 🇫🇷 Air France
 * 🇫🇷 Union de Transports Aériens
 * 🇮🇳 Air India
 * 🇯🇵 Japan Air Lines
 * 🇭🇰 Cathay Pacific
 * 🇳🇱 KLM Royal Dutch Airlines
 * 🇹🇼 China Air Lines
 * 🇺🇸 Pan Am
 * 🇺🇸 Northwest Orient Airlines
 * British Overseas Airways Corporation

Flight crew
Air Viet Nam flight crews were composed of civilians with a mixture of ex-military pilots, (mostly former Republic of Vietnam Air Force), along with a few Americans. However, one American CASI pilot reported that the Taiwanese crew of the leased C-46 always parked its aircraft separately at Tân Sơn Nhứt International Airport in Saigon and kept its distance from the regular Air Viet Nam and CASI crews.

Uniforms
Pilots for Air Viet Nam wore a distinctive gold/bronze wing with a center shield containing a colored enamel version of the dragon/flag. It can be presumed that some senior grades of pilot and crew existed, although how these were indicated is not clear.

Stewardesses, or flight attendants, wore a gold or bronze metal wing with an embossed dragon emblem. Uniforms consisted of the traditional áo dài in a variety of colors.

Aircraft livery
Air Vietnam aircraft generally had a single or dual green stripe down the main fuselage. The top fuselage was generally white with a natural metal (silver) lower. The colorful dragon/flag roundel appeared in various sizes, most often on the tail rudder. Sometimes the roundel would appear alone and occasionally with a dual green stripe. The wording "Air Viet Nam" appeared in red/orange lettering above the windows on all large aircraft except the 727s, which were marked "Hàng Không Việt Nam". Exceptions to these schemes included the early Viscount aircraft, which were all white with a green stripe and had the roundel appearing on the front fuselage. The Chinese C-46 aircraft had a blue and red nose-side stripe with the roundel appearing on the rudder.

Marketing
Advertisements used from the mid-1960s included South Vietnamese Olympians, such as Thach Thi Ngoc, and flamboyant military officer Nguyễn Cao Kỳ, whose wife Madame Nguyễn Cao Kỳ was a flight stewardess before they were married. These celebrities promoted the airline's operation of Viscounts on the "Green Dragon Route", alternating flights from Saigon to Siem Reap, Cambodia; Bangkok, Thailand; and Hong Kong. Timetables indicate domestic routes covering destinations as far north as Huế, as far south as Cà Mau, and including almost every major city in between.

Incidents and accidents

 * 16 August 1954: Bristol Freighter 21E F-VNAI crashed on the bank of the Sedone River (a tributary of the Mekong River) while on approach to Pakse for an emergency landing following engine failure, killing 47 of 55 on board. The aircraft was flying Red River refugees from Hanoi to Saigon.

 * 10 November 1962: Douglas C-47B XV-NID crashed into a mountain 19.6 km northwest of Da Nang Airport due to a navigation error in bad weather, killing all 27 on board. The aircraft was operating on a flight route from Phu Bai Airport to Da Nang Airport.

 * 1962: Douglas C-54B XV-NUA was reportedly written off at an unknown location.

 * 16 September 1965: Douglas C-47A XV-NIC was shot down by Communist ground fire shortly after takeoff and crashed 11 km northeast of Quảng Ngãi, killing all 39 on board; one passenger survived, but died a few hours later.

 * 2 April 1969: Douglas DC-6B XV-NUC was destroyed on the ground at Hue-Citadel Airfield during a Communist attack.

 * 1 May 1969: Douglas C-54B F-BELL burned out on the ground while parked at Saigon Airport.

 * 20 September 1969: Douglas C-54D XV-NUG collided with US Air Force McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II 67-0393 and crashed into a field near Da Nang, killing 74 of 75 on board and two people working in the field; the Phantom was able to land safely. The C-54 was operating on a flight route from Saigon to Pleiku Airport to Da Nang Airport. When the pilot of the Phantom was cleared to land on Runway 17R by ATC, the pilot of the C-54, cleared to land on Runway 17L, thought that the message was addressed to his aircraft and turned right for approach to Runway 17R. This brought the C-54 in the path of the Phantom and the two aircraft collided.

 * 22 December 1969: Douglas DC-6B B-2005 suffered an explosion and hydraulic failure while descending for Nha Trang Airport. After a low level pass to check the landing gear, a nose-high flapless approach was made. The aircraft touched down, but became airborne again after application of reverse thrust. The throttles were closed and the aircraft landed again, but overran the runway, struck a concrete pylon and caught fire, killing 10 of 77 on board and 24 on the ground. A bomb placed in the front left lavatory detonated during approach, blowing a 1.5 m hole in the fuselage and damaging hydraulic lines.

 * 22 July 1970: A 20-year-old U.S. Army private, George M. Hardin, hijacked a DC-4 en route from Pleiku to Saigon. Hardin allowed the 65 passengers aboard to disembark from the plane before moving to the cockpit and threatening the pilot with a small knife. He was detained in Saigon after attempting to force the pilot, Floyd R. Derieux, to take him to Hong Kong, but the pilot told him the DC-4 could not carry enough fuel to make the trip. There were no fatalities.

 * 30 September 1970: Douglas DC-3DST-318A B-305 crashed into a hill in the Hai Van Mountains at 970 m near Da Nang while attempting to divert to Da Nang Airport due to weather conditions at its intended destination of Phu Bai Airport, Huế. Three of the 38 people on board were killed.

 * 1 November 1970: Curtiss C-46 B-1543 force-landed on a beach at Quy Nhơn due to fuel system problems; the aircraft sank in sand and flooded out at high tide. The aircraft was operating on a flight from Saigon to Quang Ngai.

 * 22 August 1971: Douglas DC-3A-375 B-304 was written off at Kampot Airport.

 * 24 September 1972: Douglas C-54D XV-NUH crashed into a marshy area 23 miles from Saigon following a loss of control due to mechanical failure, killing 10 of 13 on board. The aircraft was operating a flight from Vientiane Airport to Tan Son Nhat International Airport.

 * 19 March 1973: Douglas C-54D XV-NUI crashed 4.1 mi S of Buon Ma Thuot Airport following an unexplained mid-air explosion, killing all 58 on board. The aircraft was operating a flight from Tan Son Nhat International Airport to Da Nang. A bomb explosion was not ruled out.

 * 5 September 1973: Boeing 727-121C XV-NJC suffered an explosion in the galley at 15000 ft 15 minutes after takeoff from Bangkok, injuring two passengers and a stewardess; the aircraft was able to return and land safely at Bangkok. Although it was thought that a bomb exploded, a Royal Thai Air Force investigation concluded that a defective broiler in the galley caused the explosion. Although the aircraft was repaired and returned to service, it was written off following the hijacking and crash of Flight 706 in 1974.

 * 17 November 1973: Douglas C-47B XV-NIE struck a mountain at 400 m 20 km NNW of Quảng Ngãi killing all 27 people on board. The crew, flying VFR in IMC, had gotten lost and flew too low in a mountainous area while attempting to reach Chu Lai, near the crash site. The aircraft was operating a domestic scheduled passenger flight from Tan Son Nhat International Airport to Quảng Ngãi Airport.

 * 20 February 1974: Douglas C-54A XV-NUM was hijacked en route from Quy Nhơn to Da Nang. The hijacker was a 19-year-old South Vietnamese man demanding to go to Đồng Hới, North Vietnam. The pilot stated that the aircraft had to stop at Đông Hà to refuel, but flew to Huế instead. The hijacker realized he had been tricked and detonated explosives in the front part of the aircraft, killing three passengers and injuring several others. The explosion also blew a 2 x hole in the port side of the fuselage and broke three starboard side windows. The aircraft was written off.

 * 15 September 1974: Flight 706 - Le Duc Tan, a ranger in the South Vietnamese army who had recently been demoted from captain to lieutenant for the theft of two cars in Da Nang, smooth-talked his way past security checkpoints and hijacked the Boeing 727 en route from Da Nang to Saigon, demanding to go to Hanoi. The pilot explained that it was not possible and needed to stop at Phan Rang. During the approach, Tan detonated two hand grenades, and the aircraft crashed when it overshot the runway on an attempted landing. All 75 persons on board, including 67 passengers and eight crew members, were killed.

 * 12 March 1975: Douglas C-54D XV-NUJ crashed 16 mi from Pleiku, killing all 26 on board; the wreckage was not examined due to hostile conditions in the area. The aircraft, operating a flight from Vientiane to Saigon, was probably shot down by a missile.

title: Air Vietnam


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Football helmet

A football helmet is a type of protective headgear used mainly in gridiron football, although a structural variation has occasional use in Australian rules football. It consists of a hard plastic shell with thick padding on the inside, a face mask made of one or more plastic-coated metal bars, and a chinstrap. Each position has a different type of face mask to balance protection and visibility, and some players add polycarbonate visors to their helmets, which are used to protect their eyes from glare and impacts. Helmets are a requirement at all levels of organized football, except for non-tackle variations such as flag football. Although they are protective, players can and do still suffer head injuries such as concussions.

Football helmets have changed dramatically with the modernization of the sport to facilitate technological changes and to improve the safety of the game. Despite lower rates of some injuries, serious traumas to the head are still common, and determining the consequences of these traumas is an active area of research. In addition to the acute concern about traumatic brain injuries, such as concussions, studies have found players increase their risk for long-term problems such as chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Football helmets present a unique design challenge because, unlike bicycle helmets, which are thrown out after a single hit, football helmets need to withstand multiple impacts. A recent focus on improving player safety through better helmet designs has started reducing the total number of concussions.

Invention
One of the first instances of football headgear dates to 1896 when George "Rose" Barclay, a halfback at Lafayette College in Easton, Pennsylvania, began to use straps and earpieces to protect his ears. It is not certain who invented the football helmet. Many sources give credit for the creation of the helmet to James Naismith (the inventor of basketball), while other sources credit U.S. Naval Academy Midshipman Joseph M. Reeves (later to become the "Father of Carrier Aviation"), who had a protective device for his head made out of mole skin to allow him to play in the 1893 Army–Navy game. Reeves had been advised by a Navy doctor that another kick to his head would result in "instant insanity" or even death, so he commissioned an Annapolis shoemaker to make him a helmet out of leather. Later, helmets were made of padded leather and resembled aviators' helmets or modern day scrum caps. At least in professional football, they were optional. Some National Football League players, notably Hall-of-Famer Bill Hewitt, played all or most of their careers without a helmet.

Early years
One innovation from the early 1900s period was hardened leather. In 1917, the first helmets were raised above the head in an attempt to direct blows away from the top of the head. Ear flaps also had their downfall during this period as they had little ventilation and made it difficult for players to hear. The 1920s marked the first time that helmets were widely used in the sport of football. These helmets were made of leather and had some padding on the inside, but the padding was insufficient and provided little protection. In addition, they lacked face masks. As a result, injuries were very common. Early helmets also absorbed a lot of heat, making them very uncomfortable to wear.

In 1939, the Riddell Company of Chicago, Illinois started manufacturing plastic helmets because it felt that plastic helmets would be safer than those made of leather. Plastic was found to be more effective because it held its shape when full collision contact occurred on a play. These helmets were also much more comfortable and had more padding to cushion the head in an impact. Included with the plastic helmet came plastic face mask, which allowed the helmet to protect the entire head. By the mid-1940s, helmets were required in the NFL. They were still made of leather, but with improved manufacturing techniques had assumed their more familiar spherical shape. The NFL initially allowed either plastic or leather helmets, but in 1948 the league outlawed the plastic helmet, considering the hard-plastic material to be an injury risk. The NFL lifted the plastic helmet ban after just one year in 1949, and by 1950, the plastic helmet had become universal in that league.

Introduction of advanced materials
By the 1950s, the introduction of polymers ended the leather helmet era. The last leather helmet manufacturer, MacGregor, ceased production of leather helmets in the mid-1960s. The NFL also recommended face masks for players in 1955, reducing the number of broken noses and teeth, but also necessitating new rules prohibiting opposing players from grabbing the face mask. By varying accounts, either Pat Studstill or Garo Yepremian was the last to forgo the facemask; among non-kickers, Tommy McDonald was the last to do so.

Recent designs
In 2002, American football equipment manufacturer Riddell released a new design of helmet called the Revolution in response to a study of concussions. In addition, Riddell has recently come out with a new design of helmets, the Riddell Speed Flex. This helmet came out in 2014. This new helmet uses elements of Riddell's older helmets, the 360 and the Revolution, such as Side Impact Protection and All Points Quick Release face mask attachment system.

Demand for a safer helmet prompted Schutt Sports to announce the arrival of a next generation helmet, the ION 4D, which included an integrated face guard. This new face guard design features shock-absorbing "Energy Wedges" that reduce the force of impacts to the face guard. College teams wearing the helmet include Air Force, Penn State and Virginia. Schutt has also distinguished between their varsity helmets and youth helmets. The varsity helmets from Schutt are made with polycarbonate, which is a very strong polymer designed to take bigger hits. The Schutt youth helmets are made from ABS, which is a lighter material, meant for children who do not take such powerful hits.

The newest model Schutt has released is the Schutt F7. Schutt came out with the Schutt F7 in 2017 and it was released into the NFL in the same year. The F7 expands on F7 technologies such as TPU (thermoplastic urethane) cushioning and 3-Dimensional Tectonic Plate Technology. Schutt engineers improved the F7 LTD's shell design to boost performance and impact absorption in high-impact sections of the helmet. The helmet now incorporates Anti-Friction faceguard attachment points, as well.

Recently, a brand new type of helmet has come into play. Vicis is a new company that is producing helmets that have a softer outer layer. The softer layer absorbs more energy from impacts. In addition, the inside of the helmet also has a foam-like substance that absorbs energy and improves comfort.

In the summer of 2022, the National Football League had offensive and defensive linemen, linebackers and tight ends wear a Guardian Cap, a protective cover worn on top of head. Players who wore the Caps had more than 50% fewer concussions than players who did not. Starting in the 2024 season players are allowed to wear a Guardian Cap during games, though its use is not mandatory.

Outer shell
The outer shell of helmets have changed appreciably throughout the history of the NFL. In the 1920s, football helmets had soft leather exteriors, whereas today they have polycarbonate exteriors. The first molded polycarbonate helmet appeared in the NFL in 1986. Today's helmets typically have polycarbonate shells on the order of 3.35mm. The hard outer shell protects the head from local impacts by delocalizing the force, so the load can be absorbed by the other elements.

Polycarbonates are ideal materials for outer shells because they are lightweight, tough and exhibit good impact strength, even in extreme temperatures. Polycarbonates refer to a family of thermoset polymers that are wIdely used in manufacturing, for their mechanical performance and ease in manufacturing.

The aesthetic design of the outer shell has become central to teams' uniform and image.

Energy absorbing elements
The performance of a football helmet is based on its ability to decrease the force to the head from an impact. A helmet reduces the peak force transferred to the head by temporarily storing or dissipating impact energy.

The primary energy absorbing elements are the compression shock and shock bonnets, while the secondary elements are comfort pads. The materials used to build these components and their dimensions vary within the helmet. The design takes account of a player's comfort and specific position, as well as the goal of protecting the most sensitive regions of the head and areas where big hits are most common.

Because football helmets need to withstand multiple collisions, the helmet materials need to return to their original form after each hit. Padding materials need to be low density to make the helmet comfortable and practical without sacrificing energy absorption. Most football helmets are made from polyurethane or nitrile foams, because they keep the force peak under the load recommended for head health (1.5MPa) without deforming, while being relatively lightweight and easy to manufacture.

The polyurethane or nitrile foams are all be broadly categorized as viscoelastic foams. When a stress is applied to these types of materials, there are three main regions of deformation: linear elastic, plateau and densification. In the linear elastic region a material deforms reversibly in proportion to its young's modulus, or stiffness. In the plateau region the foam begins to collapse, and this is also a type of recoverable deformation. When the material reaches its densification region it begins to change its internal structure permanently and cannot return to its original shape. Because football helmets are used repeatedly, they needed to be designed, so the strain stays in the elastic or plateau region. The area under the curve in stress strain curve (shown in the figure to the right) represents the energy absorbed. Foams should be strained a precise amount, so they absorb energy without permanent densification.

In viscoelastic materials, the elastic region changes its shape depending on the strain rate, meaning the speed at which the material is deformed, or more practically, the velocity of the hit. In general, when the material is strained more quickly it is stiffer, so it deforms less. The degree of protection provided by the helmet depends on the velocity of the hit, and performance is poor for the fastest and slowest hits. Air pockets, while absorbing some energy themselves, also help the helmets perform better in very high and low velocity hits. Air chambers have venting systems so the volume and geometry of air chambers is dynamic, helping dampen the viscoelastic effect.

The inception for air pockets came from Vin Ferrara, a former Harvard quarterback. One night, Ferrara was looking for an aspirin when he saw a squirt bottle in his medicine cabinet. As he pumped it and then punched it, he realized that the bottle withstood the blows of different forces. Ferrara came up with the idea to encase football helmets with a number of inflatable pockets in order to cushion the blows a football player receives and reduce concussions.

The foams in football helmets break down over time, and this process is often overlooked in safety modeling. Especially for youth teams, helmets are reused over the course of many years, putting players at risk since they are less protected than otherwise anticipated.

Visors
A more recent addition to the football helmet is the visor or eye shield, which is affixed to the face mask to protect players from glare or eye injuries, such as pokes. It is believed that the first player to use a protective visor was Mark Mullaney of the NFL's Minnesota Vikings in 1984, in order to protect a healing eye injury. Top manufacturers of visors are Nike, Oakley, Under Armour and SHOC, with Leader being the first to come out with a visor/shield for former Chicago Bears quarterback Jim McMahon (who needed the visor because of a childhood eye injury). While Mullaney and McMahon's visors were tinted, most of the earlier visors were clear or smoked, but they are now offered in a variety of styles ranging from blue, gold, black, rainbow, silver, or amber. High-school and pee-wee leagues prohibit all but clear visors. This rule was enacted so that training staff and coaches can easily view a player's face and eyes in the case of a serious injury, to discern if the player is conscious. The NCAA banned the use of tinted visors for the same reason, and the NFL has followed suit as well. However, players with eye problems may still obtain special permission to wear tinted visors, some notable examples being LaDainian Tomlinson and Chris Canty. The XFL allows players to wear tinted and decorated visors.

Sensors
Helmet shock data loggers and shock detectors monitor impacts a player receives, such as the force and direction of the impact. If the force recorded by the sensors is over 100 Gs, it signals a possible concussion. Some players will experience up to 2,000 of these potential concussion blows each season. This data is then analyzed by doctors.

Recently some companies have released helmets with sensors that send alerts when a player might have experienced a serious impact. The goal is to be able to detect concussions as soon as they happen to get players immediate medical care.

Controversy has surrounded the use of sensors in the National Football League. While almost everyone agrees the intentions are laudable, there are concerns about the quality of the data and about privacy of personal health records. During the 2013 season, two unnamed NFL teams tested accelerometers, but their use was suspended after the trial. The league hopes to reintroduce the sensors once the questions of privacy and data quality are addressed.

Nonetheless, sensors have already been used to improve the safety of the game. Using data that he collected during a pilot study, Kevin Guskiewicz showed that kickoff returns are the most dangerous part of the game. His results were compelling enough to convince the NFL to move the kickoff line five yards forward to the 35-yard-line, with the intention of increasing the number of touchbacks, a safer play.

Headsets
Two Ohio-based inventors, John Campbell and George Sarles, devised a headset for Cleveland Browns coach Paul Brown so he could radio plays to quarterback George Ratterman. It was banned shortly after its first use in 1956 (after the Browns had played three preseason games with the radio). The NFL approved use of headsets for all NFL teams in 1994.

NFL rules state that all helmets equipped with headsets must have a visible green dot on the back. A few times in 2006, the holder on the field goal attempt was told to pull up and throw or run at the last second because of a change the coaches saw on the field. According to the NFL, this gave teams an "unfair advantage". The new rules let each team know who is wearing a headset and hearing the plays being called.

Face masks
The one-bar face mask was once common but its use has been supplanted in professional and amateur sport. For example, it has been illegal in the National Football League since 2004, but a grandfather clause allowed players who wore the mask prior to 2004 to continue to do so for the remainder of their careers. No current professional player currently wears such a face mask; the last player to do so was Scott Player, who last played professionally in 2009.

Typically, by the mid-1980s only placekickers and punters in professional football in Canada and the United States wore the one-bar face mask, a notable exception being quarterback Joe Theismann.

The one-bar had two different variations. The standard one-bar was made from nylon or other hard plastic and was bolted to both side of the helmet just in front of the earholes. There was a "snub" version that did not extend as far out in front of the helmet as the standard.

Face masks for football helmets today are multibar, having at minimum two bars. The multibar facemasks are typically constructed out of metal, such as titanium, stainless steel, or most commonly carbon steel. Each facemask is coated with Polyarmor G17, a powder coating that is resistant to impact and corrosion. The Polyarmor is a thermoplastic coating used on a number of surfaces. While some organizations purchase new face masks every season, others have their equipment reconditioned.

NOCSAE certification
Rules in place for NFL, NCAA, and high school football require that all helmets be certified by the National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment. Reliance on NOCSAE certification has been criticized on numerous grounds, including that organization's control by equipment manufacturers causes a conflict of interest, testing data that focuses on skull fractures instead of concussions, and failure to take into account new research.

The most common NOCSAE test is the drop test (developed 1973). This test uses a 13-pound dummy head full of sensors and a gelatin material. The head and helmet is dropped from a height of 60 at one of the six NOCSAE specified locations on the helmet. These locations include the front, rear, left side, right side, right boss, and left boss. The sensors in the dummy head measure the amount of force that the head experiences. The NOCSAE has certain regulations such as the peak severity index can never more than 1200 SI. If a helmet fails to meet these requirements, they do not pass the NOCSAE drop test.

Safety research
There has been significant study/research regarding head injuries in football and football helmet design in recent years. Kevin Guskiewicz, a professor at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and a MacArthur Fellow, has researched concussions in football of all age groups. He has been equipping UNC football helmets with accelerometers to measure impacts and concussions. Also, the NFL has awarded over $1.6 million in sports medical research, almost $1 million of which has been toward concussion prevention. All this concussion prevention research has led football helmet manufacturers to develop safer products. A joint effort between Virginia Tech and Wake Forest has been testing current football helmets and giving them yearly ratings since 2011. On a scale out of 5 stars, only one helmet was awarded a 5 in 2011. In 2012, two additional helmet designs were awarded 5 stars.

Some researchers have found the counterintuitive result that wearing helmets actually increases the chance of injury, and thus they recommend players occasionally practice without helmets. When hard shells were first introduced, the number of head injuries actually increased because players had a false sense of security and made more dangerous tackles. University of New Hampshire participate in a study in which some players practiced twice a week without helmets. By the end of the season, those that were practicing twice a week without a helmet hit their heads 30% less. This research suggests that modernizing the best practices of the game might have more benefits than improving the materials within the helmet.

Materials design
Vijay Gupta, a professor at UCLA, has done research and produced a special polymer that if added as a layer on the inside of football helmets can produce up to a 25% decrease in the g-forces a player would experience. This reduction of forces would produce a similar amount of reduction of the probability of a player suffering a concussion from the same hits.

There are also ongoing efforts to improve the selection of energy absorbing materials in football helmets. Some researchers are using computational methods to sort through libraries of known materials. Others are developing entirely new foams or by layering existing foams to create a composite that absorbs energy better.

Foams tend to be stiffer at lower temperatures. Researchers are currently looking into ways to minimize the impact of temperature on foam stiffness in order to give players maximal protection in all weather.

One company in particular that has been making large strides is Windpact, which has a new type of foam that they call "foam in an airbag", or "Crash Cloud", which compresses when energy is absorbed and dissipates the energy through impact vents, then rapidly reinflates. Current foams are limited by certain factors that affect the usefulness of the foam, which is the limited amount of space inside of a helmet. Helmets cannot be too big or be too constricting on the player, so a balance must be found between performance and safety. Another limitation is that not every hit is equal to another. Foams inside of today's helmets perform best when impacted directly and are not the best at hits coming from different angles or "rotational impacts".

Crash Cloud units can either replace the padding in the helmets that are already present or line the inside of the helmet alongside the padding that is already there. Crash Cloud foams can control the rate of airflow to meet certain application's needs. This could be usefully paired with data that is being collected about the types of hits that certain positions in football experience. Different positions get hit differently and in different areas so adjusting the helmet to meet that position is where research is moving towards now.

During testing, Windpact took one of the leading helmet football helmet manufacturers, Riddell, and took one of their helmets to implement Crash Cloud technology inside it. Before adding Crash Cloud, the normal Riddell helmet ranked #18th in protection compared to other helmets. With Crash Cloud it jumped to #3 overall. This is without changing any of the design of the helmet, just by adding to what already exists.

Hit simulation
Recent research has begun to assess the tests specifically employed to create the safest football equipment. In 2015, David Camarillo at Stanford conducted a study that suggested football helmet tests did not account for the delay between injury-causing brain movement and stress impact.

Neuroscientists at Ohio State University launched baseballs from air cannons at football helmets in order to simulate a kick or blow to the head such as a tackle. It was found that the helmets could withstand 2,500 Newtons or about 562 pounds of force.

Design parameters for football helmets have traditionally been based on linear-acceleration models. This mode of impact is more straightforward to study and matches design metrics, such as cadaver skull fracture. Ongoing research is focused on understanding rotational forces on football helmets and how to design for more realistic, non-centrosymmetric forces.

National Football League
In 1948, the Los Angeles Rams were the first NFL team to put logos on their helmets; the basic "ram's horn" logo on the helmet has remained mostly the same, except for color, ever since. Through the 2019 NFL season, the Cleveland Browns are the only remaining NFL teams not using any form of a primary logo on its helmets. The Pittsburgh Steelers are the only NFL team that puts its logo on only one side of the helmet (the right side). At first, this was a temporary measure because the Steelers were not sure they would like the look of the logo on an all-gold helmet. They wanted to test them before going all-out. Because of the interest generated by having the logo on only one side of their helmets and also due to the team's new success, the Steelers decided to leave the helmet that way permanently. The Cincinnati Bengals, after using a "Bengals" wordmark for a helmet logo through the 1980 season, have used a tiger-stripe pattern instead of a logo since 1981.

title: Football helmet


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Dale Midkiff

Dale Alan Midkiff (born July 1, 1959) is an American actor, best known for playing Louis Creed in the horror film Pet Sematary (1989) and Captain Darien Lambert in the TV series Time Trax.

Career
Midkiff acted in off-Broadway plays like Mark Medoff's The Wager. His first movie role was in Roger Corman's Streetwalkin' playing a pimp named Duke. Dale's acting was called "grittily impressive" in what some consider a B-movie classic. He has said in interviews that while his family never quite understood his interest in acting, they never discouraged him: "I love them for allowing a kid to believe in his dreams."

His first major break came when he landed the role of the young Jock Ewing in Dallas: The Early Years. That was followed by what many consider his biggest role to date, Elvis Presley, in the four-hour miniseries, Elvis and Me, and by Dream Street, a short-lived "blue collar" series set in New Jersey. Midkiff's roles have run the gamut from the wife beater in A Cry For Help: The Tracey Thurman Story, to the "good old boy" cop who discovers his partner/best friend is a murderer in Vigilante Cop, to the heroic time-traveling fugitive retrieval cop in Time Trax, to the amiable ladies' man and town protector in The Magnificent Seven. He is also well known for having played the lead role of Louis Creed in the 1989 film version of Stephen King's Pet Sematary.

title: Dale Midkiff


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Cusack Park (Ennis)

Cusack Park (Páirc Uí Chíosóg in Irish) is a GAA stadium in Ennis, County Clare, Ireland. It is the primary home of the Clare Hurling, Gaelic Football, Camogie and Peil na mBan teams at all grades.

Named after the founder of the GAA, Michael Cusack, the ground had an original capacity of about 28,000 (mostly terraced), but following a 2011 safety review, the certified capacity was reduced to 14,864.

Three sides of the ground are terraced - the two areas behind the goals and one terraced length of the pitch which is also covered.

In 2006 there were media reports of substantial offers from property developers to buy the stadium and relocate it to a new 42,000 capacity site outside the town centre. However, by 2009 it appeared unlikely given the recent Celtic Tiger crash that this would happen. Between 2009–12, Clare GAA invested over €500,000 in refurbishment works including pitch drainage and fencing around the pitch. In 2015 a major renovation started, this included the demolition and re-erection of the main stand and construction of a new entrance/exit at the north side of the stadium. Once completed in late 2017 the official capacity was increased to 19,000 people for the start of the 2018 season.

On 17 June 2018 the stadium was completely sold out for the first time since re-opening for the visit of local rivals Limerick GAA

The knockout stages of the Clare Senior Hurling Championship and the Clare Senior Football Championship are held annually in the stadium.

title: Cusack Park (Ennis)


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Amoebidae

The Amoebidae are a family of Amoebozoa, including naked amoebae that produce multiple pseudopodia of indeterminate length. These are roughly cylindrical with granular endoplasm and no subpseudopodia, as found in other members of the class Tubulinea. During locomotion one pseudopod typically becomes dominant and the others are retracted as the body flows into it. In some cases the cell moves by "walking", with relatively permanent pseudopodia serving as limbs.

The most important genera are Amoeba and Chaos, which are set apart from the others by longitudinal ridges. The best known of the species in this family is Amoeba proteus, commonly used in classrooms to demonstrate movement by pseudopodia.

title: Amoebidae


text:
User talk:Persianlor

A welcome from Sango123
Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions; I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We're glad to have you in our community! Here are a few good links for newcomers:

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I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Though we all make goofy mistakes, here is what Wikipedia is not. If you have any questions or concerns, don't hesitate to see the help pages or add a question to the village pump. The Community Portal can also be very useful.

Happy Wiki-ing!

-- [[User:Sango123| Sango 123 ]] 21:43, September 2, 2005 (UTC)

P.S. Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you need help with anything or simply wish to say hello. :)

title: User talk:Persianlor


text:
Talk:Irrigation in Saudi Arabia

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 24 August 2021 and 20 December 2021. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Emalone66.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 00:49, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Untitled
Some places to look at for irrigation projects, for example around Tabuk see wikimapia, or use google earth - there are a lot of green circles in Saudi Arabia! Gebruiker:Dedalus 20:23, 16 September 2006 (UTC)

I don't see the nasa.gov link as really relevant. --Cyhawk 22:38, 3 February 2007 (UTC)

Does the Hofuf river still appear each Spring? I have a photo somewhere 95.151.208.118 (talk) 09:10, 28 October 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Irrigation in Saudi Arabia


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Curtis Reid (cricketer)

Curtis Alexander Reid (16 July 1836 – 1 July 1886) was an Australian cricketer and umpire who umpired the historic first Test match in Melbourne in 1877.

Family
Reid was born to Scottish immigrants Lieutenant-Doctor David Reid, RN, and his wife Agnes née Dyce. His brothers included pastoralists and politicians Robert and David. Reid married Sophie Dight (1843–1923) on 14 August 1862. Their son, Curtis Arthur Reid (1876–1912),  a surveyor, played Australian rules football at the highest level in Perth (with Rovers Football Club and East Fremantle Football Club) and in Melbourne (with Melbourne Football Club).

Life and career
Reid umpired the inaugural Test between Australia and England in Melbourne on 15 to 19 March 1877. His umpiring colleague was Ben Terry.

Earlier, as a player, Reid was a left-hand batsman and right-arm bowler who played three matches for Victoria from 1869 to 1871. He took 16 wickets at an average of 10.87, with figures of 6 for 64 and 6 for 5 against Tasmania in 1870–71. Less successful with the bat, he scored 12 runs in 5 innings.

He was a winemaker, producing wine at Tarrawingee, Victoria, under the Reidsdale label, until 1874.

Reid was appointed secretary of the Melbourne Cricket Club in 1878, the club's first secretary to be paid. He was also one of the first cricket journalists in Australia.

title: Curtis Reid (cricketer)