text:
55th Wing

The 55th Wing is a United States Air Force unit assigned to Air Combat Command. The wing is primarily stationed at Offutt Air Force Base, Nebraska, but maintains one of its groups and associated squadrons at Davis-Monthan Air Force Base, Arizona, as a geographically separated unit.

The 55 WG is the only Air Force wing with continuous operations, maintenance, and aircraft presence in the United States Central Command area of responsibility since Operation Desert Storm.

The wing's mission is to provide worldwide reconnaissance, real-time intelligence, command and control, information warfare and combat support to U.S. leaders and commanders. One of the wing's units, the 55th Operations Group, operates 46 aircraft, including 13 models of seven different types. It is the largest wing in Air Combat Command and flies the most diverse number of aircraft.

History

 * For additional history and lineage, see 55th Operations Group

The "Fightin' Fifty-Fifth" has made significant contributions to the defense of the United States of America for more than 50 years. Since its inception, the unit has operated around the world, flying a wide variety of aircraft.

Cold War
On 1 November 1950, the 55th Strategic Reconnaissance Wing (55 SRW) was activated under the Wing Base Organization at Ramey Air Force Base, Puerto Rico, as the headquarters for the 55th Strategic Reconnaissance Group and its supporting units. From 1950 to 1954 the Wing's task was to perform strategic reconnaissance, charting photography, precise electronic geodetic mapping, and electronic reconnaissance missions. In 1952, the wing moved to Forbes Air Force Base, Kansas, and converted to Boeing RB-50 Superfortresses. On 13 March 1953, a wing RB-50 flying out of Eielson Air Force Base, Alaska, was attacked by Soviet Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15 fighters near Siberia, but was able to ward off the fighter's attack with defensive fire. The United States protested the attack, stating the plane was on a weather reconnaissance flight over international waters, 25 miles from the Kamchatka Peninsula. The Soviets responded by saying the plane was intercepted over their territory near Cape Krestovoi. A little more than three months later, on 29 July 1953 an RB-50 of the wing's 343d Strategic Reconnaissance Squadron was shot down by Soviet fighters about ninety miles south of Vladivostok. The Soviet Union did not deny the plane's location was over water, but claimed that the bomber had twice flown over Soviet territory and fired on their MiGs, who then returned fire defensively.

The wing formally assumed a global strategic reconnaissance mission in 1954 and transitioned to the RB-47E "Stratojet." The Wing was deployed at Ben Guerir Air Base, in what was then French Morocco, between May and August 1955.

When the mapping and charting functions originally assigned to the 55th Reconnaissance Group were transferred on 1 May 1954, the wing assumed the mission of global strategic reconnaissance, including electronic reconnaissance. It also carried out weather reconnaissance operations until June 1963, and photographic reconnaissance missions until May 1964.

The 55 SRW moved to Offutt Air Force Base, Nebraska, in August 1966. That same year the 55th's 38th Strategic Reconnaissance Squadron assumed responsibility for SAC's airborne command and control system. The 2d Airborne Command and Control Squadron inherited this mission after activation in April 1970. The 1st Airborne Command and Control Squadron, flying E-4A aircraft, transferred to the 55th on 1 November 1975, bringing with it the National Emergency Airborne Command Post, now called the National Airborne Operations Center. The Wing flew reconnaissance operations during the U.S. military operations in Grenada in 1983 and Libya in 1986. On 1 March 1986, the 55 SRW became the host unit at Offutt after the inactivation of the 3902d Air Base Wing.

The Wing ended nearly twenty-five years of continuous Airborne Command Post ('Looking Glass') operations in 1990, assumed a modified alert posture, and continued worldwide reconnaissance. In October 1998, the wing transferred control of the EC-135 LOOKING GLASS mission to the United States Navy's TACAMO aircraft and the 7th Airborne Command and Control Squadron, which flew the EC-135 LOOKING GLASS aircraft, inactivated.

The wing deployed a Rivet Joint RC-135 from Hellenikon Air Base, Greece, to Riyadh Air Base, Saudi Arabia, on 8 August 1990, and began 24-hour-a-day reconnaissance of the region two days later for Central Command Commander Gen. Norman Schwarzkopf, under Operation Desert Shield. At the start of Operation Desert Storm, 18 January 1991, the wing continued to provide real-time information. In 1996, this operation moved to Prince Sultan Air Base, Saudi Arabia. On 9 August 2015, the wing celebrated 25 years of what is believed to be the longest continuous deployment by an Air Force unit.

Current operations
The 55th Strategic Reconnaissance Wing became the 55th Wing on 1 September 1991, to reflect the wing's performance of a diversity of missions. When SAC disestablished and Air Combat Command (ACC) established, the wing transferred to ACC and gained its fifth operational location.

The 55th SRW and the 55th Wing has been awarded the USAF's P. T. Cullen Award five times since 1971 for its contributions to photo and signal intelligence collection.

Aircraft and crews from the unit have at times temporarily relocated to the nearby Lincoln Air National Guard Base when Offutt's runway has been closed for repairs.

Mission
The 55th Operations Group is Air Combat Command's largest group, has operational control over 12 squadrons and two detachments worldwide. It employs 46 aircraft, including 13 models of seven different types.

The 55th Communications Group provides worldwide command, control, communications and computer (C4) systems, information management and combat support to war-fighting and national leadership. It also provides communications technology and support to the 55th Wing and 44 tenant units.

Combat-ready EC-130H Compass Call aircraft, crews, maintenance and operational support to combatant commanders is provided by the 55th Electronic Combat Group, based Davis Monthan Air Force Base, Arizona

Operations are supported by the 55th Maintenance Group which provides centralized direction of all maintenance staff functions providing support to world-wide aircraft reconnaissance missions. The 55th Medical Group serves 50,000 beneficiaries with extensive outpatient clinic capabilities and ancillary support and the 55th Mission Support Group provides vital mission support for Offutt Air Force Base through engineering, security, mission support, services, supply, transportation, contracting and deployment readiness programs.

Component units and assigned aircraft
Unless otherwise indicated, units are based at Offut AFB, Nebraska, and subordinate units are located at the same location as their commanding group.

55th Wing Staff

 * 55th Comptroller Squadron

55th Operations Group

 * 38th Reconnaissance Squadron – RC-135V/W Rivet Joint
 * 45th Reconnaissance Squadron – RC-135S "Cobra Ball", RC-135U Combat Sent, WC-135R/W Constant Phoenix
 * 55th Intelligence Support Squadron
 * 55th Operations Support Squadron
 * 82d Reconnaissance Squadron (Kadena AB, Japan) – RC-135U/V/W
 * 95th Reconnaissance Squadron (RAF Mildenhall, United Kingdom) – RC-135U/V/W
 * 97th Intelligence Squadron
 * 338th Combat Training Squadron – TC-135W
 * 343rd Reconnaissance Squadron – RC-135V/W Rivet Joint
 * 390th Intelligence Squadron
 * 488th Intelligence Squadron
 * Detachment 1 (Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson, Alaska) – RC-135U/V/W

55th Communications Group

 * 55th Cyber Squadron
 * 55th Strategic Communications Squadron

55th Electronic Combat Group (Davis-Monthan AFB, Arizona)

 * 41st Electronic Combat Squadron – EC-130H Compass Call
 * 42nd Electronic Combat Squadron – EC-130H Compass Call
 * 43rd Electronic Combat Squadron – EC-130H Compass Call
 * 755th Aircraft Maintenance Squadron
 * 755th Operations Support Squadron

55th Maintenance Group

 * 55th Aircraft Maintenance Squadron
 * 55th Maintenance Squadron

55th Medical Group

 * 55th Aerospace Medicine Squadron
 * 55th Dental Squadron
 * 55th Medical Operations Squadron
 * 55th Medical Support Squadron

55th Mission Support Group

 * 55th Civil Engineering Squadron
 * 55th Contracting Squadron
 * 55th Force Support Squadron
 * 55th Logistics Readiness Flight
 * 55th Security Forces Squadron

Lineage

 * Established as the 55th Strategic Reconnaissance Wing on 29 June 1948
 * Activated on 19 July 1948
 * Inactivated on 14 October 1949

 * Redesignated 55th Strategic Reconnaissance Wing, Medium on 27 October 1950
 * Activated on 1 November 1950
 * Redesignated: 55th Strategic Reconnaissance Wing on 16 August 1966
 * Redesignated: 55th Wing on 1 September 1991

Assignments

 * 311th Air Division, 19 July 1948 – 14 October 1949
 * Second Air Force, 1 November 1950
 * 21 Air (later, 21 Strategic Aerospace) Division, 1 October 1952
 * Attached to 5th Air Division, 18 May-16 August 1955

 * 810th Strategic Aerospace Division, 1 September 1964
 * 12th Strategic Aerospace Division, 2 July 1966
 * 14 Strategic Aerospace (later, 14 Air) Division, 30 June 1971
 * 4th Air Division, 1 October 1976
 * 57th Air Division, 1 April 1980
 * 12th Air Division, 1 October 1982
 * 14th Air Division, 1 October 1985
 * Second Air Force, 1 September 1991
 * Twelfth Air Force, 1 July 1993
 * Eighth Air Force, 1 October 2002
 * Twelfth Air Force, 1 October 2009
 * Twenty-Fifth Air Force, 1 October 2014
 * Sixteenth Air Force, 11 October 2019 – present

Components
Groups
 * 55th Strategic Reconnaissance Group (later 55th Operations Group): 19 July 1948 – 14 October 1949; 1 November 1950 - 16 June 1952; 1 September 1991 – present
 * 55th Electronic Combat Group: 3 February 2003 – present

Squadrons
 * 1st Airborne Command and Control Squadron: 1 November 1975 – 6 October 2016
 * 1st Strategic Reconnaissance Squadron (Provisional): attached 1 September-9 October 1948
 * 1st Strategic Reconnaissance Squadron: attached 10–26 October 1948; attached 14 January-1 June 1949
 * 2d Airborne Command and Control Squadron: 1 April 1970 – 19 July 1994
 * 7th Airborne Command and Control Squadron: 19 July 1994 – 1 October 1998
 * 11th Airlift Flight: 1 May 1993 - 1 April 1997
 * 23d Strategic Reconnaissance Squadron: attached 1–17 June 1949
 * 38th Reconnaissance: attached 6 January 1951 – 15 June 1952, assigned 16 June 1952 – 1 April 1970; assigned 1 April 1979 – Present.
 * 24th Reconnaissance Squadron, 7 July 1992 – 30 June 1994
 * 45th Reconnaissance Squadron, 1 July 1994 – Present
 * 55th Air Refueling Squadron: attached 8 January 1951 – 15 June 1952, assigned 16 June 1952 – 18 February 1954; assigned 1 October 1955 – 15 March 1963 (detached 31 October-27 December 1956)
 * 55th Mobile Command and Control Squadron: 1984-29 September 2006
 * 82d Reconnaissance Squadron: 2 October 1991 – present
 * 97th Intelligence Squadron: ?–present
 * 323d Strategic Reconnaissance Squadron: attached 19 September-10 October 1949
 * 338th Strategic Reconnaissance Squadron: attached 25 November 1950 – 15 June 1952, assigned 16 June 1952 – 15 June 1963; assigned 25 March-25 December 1967
 * 343d Strategic Reconnaissance Squadron (later 343d Reconnaissance Squadron): attached 19 July-26 October 1948; attached 4 January 1951 – 15 June 1952, assigned 16 June 1952 - Present.
 * 390th Intelligence Squadron ?–present
 * 488th Intelligence Squadron?–present
 * 548th Strategic Missile Squadron: attached 1–31 August 1964, assigned 1 September 1964 – 25 March 1965
 * 922d Reconnaissance Squadron: 1 June 1992 – 30 June 1994

Stations

 * Topeka Air Force Base (later Forbes Air Force Base), Kansas, 19 July 1948 – 14 October 1949
 * Ramey Air Force Base, Puerto Rico, 1 November 1950
 * Forbes Air Force Base, Kansas, 5 October 1952
 * Offutt Air Force Base, Nebraska, 16 August 1966 – present

Aircraft and missiles

 * B/RB-17 Flying Fortress, 1948–1949
 * B/RB-29 Superfortress, 1948–1949; 1950-1951
 * RC-54 Skymaster, 1948
 * RB-50 Superfortress, 1950–1954
 * EB/RB-47 Stratojet, 1954–1967
 * KC-97 Stratofreighter, 1956-?
 * SM-65 Atlas, 1964–1965
 * EC-135, 1966–1998
 * KC-135 Stratotanker, 1966–1998
 * RC-135, 1967–present

 * Boeing E-4, 1975–present
 * C-135, 1977–1994
 * TC-135, 1988–present
 * T-38, 1992–1995
 * WC-135, 1992–present
 * C-21, 1993-1997
 * OC-135: 1994–2021
 * EC-130 Hercules, 2002–present

title: 55th Wing


text:
Hummingbird (disambiguation)

A hummingbird is a member of a family (Trochilidae) of very small birds.

Hummingbird or Humming bird may also refer to:

Music

 * The Hummingbirds, an Australian jangle pop band
 * Gibson Hummingbird, an acoustic guitar
 * Humming Bird Records, a record label
 * Hummingbird (band), a late 1970s British rock band

Albums

 * Hummingbird (Rick Wakeman and Dave Cousins album), a 2002 album
 * Hummingbird, a 2005 album by Jessica Robinson
 * Hummingbird (Local Natives album), a 2013 album
 * Humming Bird (Paul Gonsalves album), 1970
 * Hummingbird (Black Party album), 2022
 * Hummingbird (Carly Pearce album), 2024

Songs

 * Hummingbird, a 2001 single by Merzbow
 * "Hummingbird" (1955 song), a 1955 pop song
 * "Hummingbird" (Metro Boomin and James Blake song), 2023
 * "Hummingbird" (Seals and Crofts song), 1972
 * "Hummingbird", a song by Jimmy Page from the 1988 album Outrider, written and composed by Leon Russell
 * "Hummingbird" (Restless Heart song), covered by Ricky Skaggs
 * "Hummingbirds", a single by Venus Hum from the 2001 album Venus Hum
 * "Hummingbird", a song by Wilco on the 2004 album A Ghost Is Born
 * "Hummingbird", a single by Born Ruffians from the 2008 album Red, Yellow & Blue
 * "Hummingbird", a song by Cheryl on her 2010 album Messy Little Raindrops
 * "Humming Bird", a song by Indica on their 2014 album Shine

Transportation

 * Boeing A160 Hummingbird, a pilotless helicopter
 * de Havilland Humming Bird, a 1920s ultralight monoplane
 * Gemini Hummingbird, ultralight aircraft
 * Humming Bird (train), of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad
 * Hummingbird Highway in Belize
 * Lockheed XV-4 Hummingbird, an experimental vertical takeoff jet airplane
 * Nelson Hummingbird PG-185B motorglider
 * Vertical Hummingbird, a kit helicopter

Technology

 * Hummingbird Processor, a mobile processor from Samsung

 * Hummingbird Ltd., a subsidiary of Open Text which produces the Exceed software product
 * Google Hummingbird, a search engine algorithm used by Google
 * See also Hummingbad, a type of malware for Android phones and tablets

Media

 * Hummingbird (film), a 2013 film starring Jason Statham
 * The Humming Bird, a 1924 American silent crime drama film
 * The Humming Bird, or Herald of Taste, the first American women's magazine edited by a woman
 * Hummingbird (comics), the codename of Aracely Penalba, a Marvel Comics character
 * The Hummingbird, a 2019 novel by Sandro Veronesi
 * The Hummingbird (2022 film), a film adaptation of the 2019 novel
 * The Hummingbird Project, a 2018 film

Other

 * Macroglossum stellatarum, the hummingbird Hawk-moth
 * Idol Defense Force Hummingbird, a 1993 four-episode OVA anime series
 * Hummingbirds (book), 2016 book

 * Hummingbird cake, a Jamaican banana-pineapple spice cake
 * The Hummingbird, a nightclub in Birmingham, England, now known as Forum Birmingham

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Hummingbird (disambiguation)


text:
Short Story (Gershwin)

Short Story is a piece for violin and piano composed by George Gershwin in 1925.

Gershwin composed the duet from two other short works that premiered at the same time as his Three Preludes. He combined a section of the Novelette in Fourths and another slower work (the forgotten Rubato prelude) to create this piece.

The 1940s two-piano, four-hands arrangement by the duo-pianists Al and Lee Reiser was published by Associated Music Publishers.

title: Short Story (Gershwin)


text:
Talk:Over There (American TV series)

Plot of "Embedded" episode
The latest edit says that a reporter "captures footage of a civilians being killed...." Should it be a civilian (just one) or civilians (more than one)? JamesMLane 05:28, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

It was two civilians, a mother and a child

What sort of unit were they?
They are supposely the Third Infantry but in the Embedded episode the sergent's shirt sleeve says "Rangers"

They are the Third Infantry... Rangers is just a term referring to a US Soldier...

Umm no, Rangers is the special forces branch of the United States Army.

 * Actually I'm glad someone caught that. I've read that if you have the "Ranger Tab" ,which I'm pretty sure Scream was wearing, you've only attended Ranger School and are not a full-fledged Army Ranger. On the other hand if Scream is an Army Ranger, then it means he was placed with General Purpose Forces as support. The latter scenario wouldn't be too far-fetched either since Scream, an extremely capable soldier, was given an extension on his tour to "baby-sit virgins." That being said it's likely they're your average Infantry Unit.

User:Grauer_Fuchs|Grauer_Fuchs]] 02:09, 8 December 2005 (UTC)

That is quite true. One can get the Ranger Tab by attending Ranger school and wear it on hi uniform, but one actually has to be in the Ranger Unit to be "a Ranger".

- Ranger is not a general term to use referring to a U.S. Army Soldier. The Ranger tab is awarded to graduates of the U.S. Army Ranger school. The school is considered the Armys premier small unit combat leadership school. Airborne Ranger graduates and candidates assigned to one of the battalions of the Ranger Regiment wear a battalion scroll and tan beret. Ranger tabbed Soldiers are found in almost all Branches of the Army, but typically with combat arms or combat service support.

- Rangers are not the Special Forces Branch. The Ranger Regiment is part of the Army Special Operations Forces, ARSOF. Special Forces, which is it's own Branch of the Army, is also part of the ARSOF. United States Special Forces (USSF) are widely and improperly known as the Green Beret due their distinctive headgear.

Cast Order
I've ordered the cast from the order they appear in the credits.

Season finale
Are we sure that the Lt. was the one shot in the back? The guy they showed on the ground looked african american (for a few seconds, I thought it was "Angel"). Also, near the end of the campfire scene, when each one is denying they shot whoever that was, I think Scream said "Lt. did it". Shooting someone in the back does seem like something Lieutenant Underpants would do.--Kross | Talk 12:43, 27 October 2005 (UTC)

Naaa "Underpants" got shot definately, I'll try and find a screenshot if you want
 * Naw, I saw a reairing on Sunday and it was indeed Underpants.--Kross | Talk 21:53, 1 November 2005 (UTC)

It was underpants it even states that it was underpants several times. It was him. And "Scream" pretty well admits to doing it in the camp fire scene

No more Over There?
It seems due to low viewership, Over There is going to be cancelled I am so sad to hear that i loved this show i would love to watch it again my husband and son were both over seas and i felt what they were going thru this show it was great it hurt but it was good to watch it...please come back -- Unsigned
 * You can download it via torrents. I have the whole season and never watched a second of it on the TV --mboverload 04:41, 12 May 2006 (UTC)

a show that kept you coming back for more

Me and my dad thought it was a shame it ended.It was a great show that showed the best of the best out there even though it's fiction based on reality. - DogPHman 03:14, 14 November 2006 (UTC)

Loved it (and I'm from Singapore). A pity that TV execs routinely cater to the lowest common denominator when a little more patience with the series could have seen it rise to a moving, sensitive exploration of a topical war - if you asked me, I felt that the show had a lot of potential. -165.21.83.240  18:23, 1 June 2007 (UTC)

I believe the show was sabatoged for telling the truth everywhere i go they tell me they loved it. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Johnnycash316 (talk • contribs) 06:21, 8 September 2007 (UTC)

Real soldiers or actors?
It isn't made clear in the lead whether this is a reality series (i.e. the characters are real soldiers) or whether the soldiers are played by actors. This should be made 100% clear. If it is a documentary, the cat should be changed to "Iraq War documentaries." Badagnani 17:23, 18 October 2007 (UTC)
 * The lead sentence states that the show "is an action / drama / war" which is all that is necessary to inform anyone reading the article about what type of show it is. If it was a documentary it would say "documentary". —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.212.36.166 (talk) 19:11, 18 October 2007 (UTC)

Question about Mrs.B's background
In the article,it says "As a teen, she was raped....". Is it mentioned in any episode?

External links modified
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title: Talk:Over There (American TV series)


text:
Renda

Renda may refer to:

 * Renda Broadcasting, Pittsburgh-based radio broadcasting company
 * Renda, Latvia, town in Latvia
 * Renda Parish, parish in Latvia
 * Renmin University of China, known as Renda, a public university in Haidian, Beijing, China
 * National People's Congress (colloquially Renda 人大), the national legislature of China
 * MT Renda, a Russian tanker that was used to supply fuel to Nome, Alaska, in 2012
 * Cyrtostachys renda, palm
 * Renda (beetle), a genus of rove beetle in family Staphylinidae

People with the surname

 * Giuseppe Renda (1772–1805), Italian painter
 * Paolo Renda (1939–2010), Italian-Canadian mobster
 * Sara Renda, Italian ballet dancer
 * Francesco Renda (1922–2013), Italian mixed martial artist
 * Cello Renda, English boxer
 * Abdülhalik Renda (1881–1957), Turkish civil servant and politician
 * Cenk Renda (born 1969), Turkish basketball player
 * Günsel Renda, Turkish historian
 * Tony Renda (born 1991), American baseball player
 * Thomas A. Renda, American politician
 * Hercules Renda, American football player
 * Li Renda, Chinese warlord

title: Renda


text:
Paul Wilson (cricketer)

Paul Wilson (born 12 January 1972) is an Australian cricket umpire and former cricketer who played one Test match and 11 One Day Internationals (ODIs) for the Australian national cricket team, as well as domestically represented South Australia and Western Australia.

Born in Newcastle, New South Wales, Wilson moved to Adelaide to attend the Australian Cricket Academy, and went on to debut for South Australia during the 1995–96 season. A solidly-built right-arm fast bowler, all of his matches at international level came during the 1997–98 season, with his single Test coming during Australia's tour of India. Wilson remained active at the domestic level until the early 2000s, switching to Western Australia for the 2002–03 season. Retiring at the end of the 2003–04 season, for a time he served as the coach of the Western Fury in the Women's National Cricket League. Wilson later became an umpire, and currently sits on Cricket Australia's national umpires panel.

Playing career
Wilson left a trainee accountant job in Newcastle to travel to Adelaide, where he requested a place at the Australian Cricket Academy.

He emerged late in 1993–94 to make his debut for South Australia. He played 51 first-class games in all, taking 151 wickets at a healthy average of 30.77.

In 2002 he moved to Western Australia where he was contracted by the Western Warriors. He played two seasons for the Warriors, retiring at the end of the 2003–04 season.

After a stint in the 'A' side, Wilson was promoted to the Australian side. He played one Test Match, against India, in Kolkata, in March 1998, but had the unfortunate record of having scored neither a run, nor taken a wicket, after he limped off injured in the early stages of the game. He did not represent Australia again. Before that, he had a short spell as a bowler in the ODI team, playing in 11 games, all in the 1997–98 Australian season.

Coaching
Wilson served as Western Fury coach after retiring.

Umpiring
Wilson is currently an umpire on the Cricket Australia Project Umpire's Panel. He stood in two Twenty20 International games in 2014. He stood in his first One Day International match on 8 November 2014 between Hong Kong and Papua New Guinea in Australia.

He was one of the seventeen on-field umpires for the 2018 Under-19 Cricket World Cup. He was one of the sixteen umpires to stand in matches during the 2019 Cricket World Cup.

In September 2019, in the one-off match between Bangladesh and Afghanistan, Wilson stood in his first Test match. In February 2022, he was named as one of the on-field umpires for the 2022 Women's Cricket World Cup in New Zealand.

In September 2023, he was named as one of the sixteen match officials for 2023 Cricket World Cup.

In February 2024, Wilson announced his retirement from his umpiring career.

title: Paul Wilson (cricketer)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ravene

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. Paul August ☎ 03:51, September 1, 2005 (UTC)

Ravene
the band does not meet any of the requirements at WP:MUSIC. the only attempt is: Their song "Song For You" made it into the national Top 10 of the National Youth Week Song Writing Competition. however, that is a "song writing competition" that they placed top 10 in...not a Top 100 list on a national music chart for actual performance of the song (i cannot find the contest anywhere, either). if evidence can be provided to lend notability to Ravene i will gladly support. otherwise, i must vote Delete. -- Bubbachuck 05:30, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Australia-related deletions.   -- Cyberjunkie | Talk 05:09, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: if this vfd passes, Jo Leutton, whose claim to fame is being a member of the band, should be deleted as well. -- Bubbachuck 05:35, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. While they claim to have supported some well-known Australian acts, they don't Google all that well nor do they currently meet WP:music as far as I can tell. I might change my mind if verifiable evidence was shown of meeting WP:Music. Capitalistroadster 06:30, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. What Capitalistroadster said. --GraemeL (talk) 12:14, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per Cap'. Alf 19:48, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I really think not meeting WP:MUSIC for a band article should be speedy'able.  Wikibofh 23:32, August 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete--Cyberjunkie | Talk 05:09, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ravene


text:
Talk:Whiskeytown

Untitled
Where should it be said that Whiskeytown is (was?) also a townin California?

Members
The members list is currently inaccurate. While there's been talk of a reunion, there are no current members officially, and in fact, the only members to remain constant during the band's entire run are Adams and Cary. There's not a touring band along the lines of Credence Clearwater Revisited here. This needs to be reworked. Stick Fig 16:21, 1 July 2006 (UTC)

I cleaned it up some, but I'm finding it hard to match dates to members besides Adams and Cary. I can match timeframes, but those aren't clear. If anyone can help, I'd be much appreciative. Stick Fig 16:44, 1 July 2006 (UTC)

Lost Highway Records link
Take a look at what's actually at the Lost Highway Records link. A brief "Biography" paragraph that contains no biographical information, and links to buy the band's products. Compare to External_links. If this is not a site "that primarily exist to sell products or services," I don't know what is. And it clearly "does not provide a unique resource beyond what the article here would have once it becomes a Featured article." --Stellmach 13:32, 4 October 2006 (UTC)

 * By nature of its including of multiple audio samples longer than 30 seconds, which this page currently doesn't have nor ever will due to copyright concerns, it does. - Stick Fig 13:50, 4 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Good point. I hadn't accounted for the audio samples, and the new text of the link makes it clear that that's what the link provides. My God, an amicable agreement! How refreshing. -Stellmach 14:19, 4 October 2006 (UTC)

Indie Status
While "indie" is a fairly ambiguous term, and thus subject to interpretation, I think it is better to err on the side of caution. As Bloodshot records is a member of the RIAA, and RIAA-membership is one of the classical benchmarks of "indie-ness", I feel the modifier of "indie label" before "Bloodshot Records" should be removed. Shardik 02:48, 5 December 2006 (UTC)

 * There is a history with that particular page of the RIAA putting non-member labels, such as Vagrant Records, on there as members. For that reason, I wouldn't trust it. - Stick Fig 18:07, 5 December 2006 (UTC)
 * I just recieved an email from Boodshot that they were erroneously listed as a member of the RIAA. Shardik 21:37, 7 December 2006 (UTC)
 * I just did a search on RIAA Radar, linked from the Independent Records article, for "Ryan Adams Heartbreaker," and it came back marked "safe" and non-RIAA affiliated. I think that's enough proof to say that we can keep the phrase in. - Stick Fig 18:47, 5 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Do you mean that a lack of RIAA membership is one of the classical benckmarks of "indie-ness"? (Independence?) 24.147.169.135 02:43, 19 July 2007 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Whiskeytown


text: User talk:69.221.5.2

title: User talk:69.221.5.2


text: Category:Education in Alberta

title: Category:Education in Alberta


text:
Talk:MD 20/20

Title
This should really be listed under "MD 20/20," the name on its label. The "MD" actually stands for "Mogen David," the name of the company which makes it. The name "Mad Dog" is a nickname given by people who drink the stuff, in light of its highly intoxicating effects. 70.144.168.148 (talk) 05:31, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

Found
MD 20/20 is exclusively found in the liquor/package stores of the inner city. Many people see it as a systematic method of keeping minorities addicted to alcohol and unemployed. 67.34.7.76 (talk) 23:20, 22 April 2006 (UTC)
 * You can also find it in a lot of convenience stores, and it's even available in several Food Lion grocery stores in the Raleigh, NC area. Mad Dog isn't hard to find anywhere, if you know where to look for it. 74.245.91.25 16:04, 28 March 2007 (UTC)

I wouldn't say it's exclusively found in the inner city. It's available pretty much everywhere in the Northern VA suburbs, and that's not exactly a rough area. It's a drink for college kids and 20-somethings to drink cheaply too. 76.111.5.145 (talk) 21:58, 1 April 2007 (UTC)

Adult snow cone
This phrase in the text is not defined, and the website from which the sentence was lifted also does not carry any explanation. Removing the sentence until someone knowledgeable can explain the statement. Canonblack 12:29, 19 August 2006 (UTC)

Trivia
Someone put trivia stuff in the reference section, so I put it in trivia but it all needs a reference. Acidskater 02:39, 9 April 2007 (UTC)

How Consumed
This section isn't really instruction as much as it is information on the product's normal use and purpose. The fact that it's mixed or whatever is relevant, as it incorporates MD into some sort of final product that is generally consumed. 76.111.5.145 (talk) 23:54, 23 May 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:MD 20/20


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Slinkee Minx

Slinkee Minx (also known as Slinky Minx) are a dance act from Melbourne, Australia, who formed in 2001 and are best known for their 2004 cover of Belinda Carlisle's "Summer Rain", which debuted at No. 5 on the Australian ARIA Music Charts and No 1. on the DMC World Hard House Chart.

Slinkee Minx tracks have featured on over 100 compilation and dance albums across the globe. Of note, Slinkee Minx have featured on multiple Clubland compilation releases in the UK. Clubland are a series of compilation albums released by Universal Music TV, AATW.

The band released their debut album Electric Dreams in 2007 which contained the dance and mainstream chart hits "Summer Rain", "Closer", "Way of Life" and "Someday".

2001–2004: Early years
Annemare Failla, Michelle Palmer and Belinda Tartaglia made up the original Slinkee Minx lineup. The trio have similar backgrounds, all three were singing and dancing from a young age. Annemarie and Belinda met at a young age in primary school and from the age of 15 the two girls started writing and performing together. Annemarie and Michelle met working as editors of two highly successful online magazines. Michelle Palmer joined with Annemarie and Belinda in 2001 to form Slinkee Minx.

Musically in their early career Slinkee Minx stated they were influenced by artists such as Stevie Wonder, Jamiroquai, Modjo, George Michael, Kylie Minogue, Rogue Traders and Moloko.

The girls released a number of songs (as featuring artists, not credited) between 2001 and 2004 which featured on Compilation albums.

2004–2009: Electric Dreams
Their first officially released single in 2004 "Summer Rain" reached #5 in the Aria Singles Chart, spent 14 weeks in the Aria top 40 charts including 5 weeks in the top 10 and spent 11 weeks at number one in the Australian ARIA Dance charts. In a 2004 interview with Zebra Magazine, Slinkee Minx stated that they decided to remake "Summer Rain" as it was an "old time favorite" song they all enjoyed.

"Summer Rain" was the 51st most broadcast song on Radio in Australia, was the 61st highest selling Australian single in 2004 and was the #1 highest selling dance single by any Australian Artist in 2004.

In an interview with "Sydney Unleashed", Slinkee Minx stated that after years of trying to get a break in the music industry they started sending their tracks out to various radio music directors and management companies and eventually Austereo began playing the track "Summer Rain".

"Summer Rain" was also accredited gold status by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) in 2004.

Their second single "Closer" was also a Top 10 ARIA Chart Dance hit and Top 40 Australian ARIA Music Chart Hit.

"Summer Rain", "Way of Life" and "Closer/Careless Whisper" were released in the US, UK, Asia and Europe across more than 50 countries. DJ Alex K remixes of Summer Rain appeared on multiple global club charts, dance charts and on various Compilation releases in the UK and Europe.

Slinkee Minx also performed at the 20th Anniversary SAFM Sky Show in Adelaide in front of approximately 150,000 people along with Guy Sebastian, one of the largest open-air concerts held in Australia in 2005.

Their third single "Someday" was also released in September 2005. In support of the release of "Someday" (which debuted at No. 9 on the ARIA Dance Charts and No. 55 on the ARIA Charts), the Slinkee Minx show toured in September and October 2005.

"Way of Life" released in June 2007 reached No. 13 on the Finnish Music Charts and No. 60 on the Australian Aria Physical Charts.

Their debut album, Electric Dreams, was released in July 2007, three years after the release of "Summer Rain". Described by Who Magazine as "wall to wall nightclub fairy-floss", the Album four years in the making contains 23 tracks over two discs. The Blurb stated that "A more apt title for Electric Dreams would have been ‘Electro House Orgasm’ - because that's just what it is".

Collaborating with some of the most prominent music writers and producers in Australia, the album features tracks written, co-written and produced by artists such as Josh G. Abrahams ("Falling Free", "Think You're All That"), Andy Love and Mr Timothy ("Way of Life"), Amba Shepherd ("Nu Love"), BJ Caruana ("You Turn Me On"), Danny Simcic ("Send Me An Angel") and Ivan Gough ("Someday", "Someday Part II").

In an interview with The Star Observer in 2007, Annemarie Failla stated that "Dance is something that comes naturally to us. We like different genres of music but for some reason writing dance tracks seems to come quite naturally to us." The Star Observer also noted that Slinkee Minx are often referred to as one of the "hardest-working female groups" in the industry.

Slinkee Minx performed in November 2007 at the first Fluffy Festival in Brisbane alongside acts such as Mr Timothy, Ricki-Lee, Potbelleez, TV Rock, Seany B and Vandalism.

The fifth and final single from the "Electric Dreams" album "Send me an Angel" was released in November 2007 under the Central Station Records label then re-released in February 2009 under the Xelon Records Label.

In November 2008, the closure of Central Station Records (owned by Destra) coincided with their release of the Album Best into Asian market. The album, Best, was released in early November 2008 in Asia and contains 15 tracks from the Slinkee Minx back catalog. Slinkee Minx signed with Xelon Entertainment in 2009.

UK and Europe
Continuing to gain respect in the dance scene in Europe and the UK, Slinkee Minx were noted as one of the most successful Australian Dance exports in the '00's, with tracks appearing on major dance compilation releases such as Clubland, Wild, Dinky and NRG/Kicking Hard.

"Summer Rain" also reached No 1. on the DMC World Hard House Chart, No. 3 on the UK Mainstream Charts, No. 14 on the Swedish dance charts and No. 25 on the Finnish dance charts.

"Way of Life" reached No. 13 on the Finnish Music Charts in 2007.

"Summer Rain" was featured on the successful Clubland 6 (UK Compilation Charts #2, Platinum Certification (Album)), Clubland 7 (UK Compilation Charts #1, Gold Certification (Album)) and Clubland Classixs (UK Compilation Charts #1, Silver Certification (Album)) compilation albums.

2010–present: Single releases
Since 2010 Slinkee Minx have appeared regularly as feature artists on compilation albums including releases from Skitz Mix, Ultimate NRG and Clubland, which include remixes of releases from their back catalogue and other songs with Slinkee Minx appearing as featured artists.

In April 2010 in an interview with the Territorian News, Slinkee Minx announced that they had become a duo, with Belinda Tartaglia departing the group.

In the UK, Clubland Smashed, which includes the track "Luvstruck / Summer Rain" by Dancing DJs vs Slinkee Minx, reached number one on the UK Dance Albums Chart in 2010.

Slinkee Minx released their first single in three years, "Lift Me Up", on 9 October 2015, with the forthcoming EP New World due for release in 2016.

"Lift Me Up" was produced by James Ash from the Rogue Traders.

In an interview with Melbourne radio station Joy FM, the duo confirmed that they had spent the last few years in the studio writing and recording for their forthcoming EP release along with collaborating on a number of side music projects, working with some of Australiaís top dance producers.

The Slinkee Minx version of "Summer Rain" is known to have at least 25 remixes since it was released in 2004. "Summer Rain" continues to chart across the globe, with the Alex K remix of the Slinkee Minx song recently reaching #54 on the iTunes UK Fitness & Workout Songs Charts in October 2015.

In 2015 the UK's "Itcher Magazine" rated Slinkee Minx as one of the "Best Australian Girl Bands", describing their music as "Stunning vocals cascading over layers of electronic wizardry".

In January 2016 Slinkee Minx performed live for the first time in four years at the Midsumma Festival in Melbourne, Australia.

In September 2016, Slinkee Minx released a remake of Summer Rain, titled "Summer Rain 2016". In 2016 and 2017, Slinkee Minx released a number of remix packages including "Lift Me Up remixes" and the EP "Summer Rain (17 Remixes)", which reached #25 on the Australian iTunes Dance Album Charts in July 2017. "Summer Rain" was also featured on the compilation CD "Music Wars – 40 Years of Central Station Records". The book with the same name covers the story of Central Station Records and its role in Australia's electronic dance music scene from the '70s to present. The single "Another Time" was also released later in 2017. In 2020 Slinkee Minx released the single "Another Time"

2023 has seen the release of two songs including "We Can Make It" and their latest release "I Can Feel U" in November 2023.

Philanthropy
Since 2004 Slinkee Minx have supported various causes including the RCH Good Friday Appeal (performance and appearance 2005), Rainbow Alliance for Asia (performance 2005), UnitingCare's Gift Appeal Launch (2005), Haven Foundation (performance 2005), JOY FM/AIDS Day Benefit Concert (performance 2006), Young Variety (performance 2007), JOY FM/World AIDS Day Concert (performance 2007), World Vision Charity Concert (performance 2007), Variety Gold Coast Annual Ball (performance 2008), the Bushfire Appeal Benefit Concert (2009), The Alannah & Madeline Foundation's 'Purple Nights' Event (performance), HelpOut Tsunami Benefit Concert (performance), Reach Foundation Ball (performance) and the Lighthouse Foundation Gala Dinner (performance).

title: Slinkee Minx


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Talk:RKKY interaction

Propose name change for this article to "RKKY interaction".

Mattopia: Agreed

Name transliteration of 芳田奎
The official spelling of 芳田奎 is YOSHIDA KEI (よしだ・けい). I'm aware that the author has spelled his last name "Yosida" on some occasions, which may be for practical reasons (on a japanese keyboard, typing "si" or "shi" gives the same hiragana - "し", thus you can save time typing one letter less than needed). However, there is no component of the kana syllabary that is read/pronounced "si" in western language. There are also many possibilities to transcribe a western name in japanese katakana, but there will be one standard version. In this case, all Names involving the kanji character 芳 are transcribed as "yoshi" (when this nanori reading is used) - for example 芳明 (Yoshiaki), 芳胜 (Yoshikatsu), 芳夫 (Yoshio), 芳郎 (Yoshiro), 芳子 (Yoshiko) and many more. I may also add that the japanese RKKY page also has YOSHIDA as the author's romaji transcription. Since user Xxanthippe is treating my corrections as vandalism, I'd like to get other's opinions to form a consensus. My proposal: change the "RKKY stands for Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida" to "RKKY stands for Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yoshida" and keep "Yosida" in the reference to his paper, as done on the japanese wiki page. -- Shocklord (talk) 10:12, 2 August 2009 (UTC)

 * submitted to Wikipedia_talk:Manual_of_Style_(Japan-related_articles) -- Shocklord (talk) 08:23, 7 August 2009 (UTC)

 * If it's widely known in English as Yosida, Wikipedia would use that spelling. Compare Sin-Itiro Tomonaga. Of course, it's hard to argue with the Nobel committee, but easier to argue with lesser gods. Yos(h)ida may not be well enough known to merit a variance from Wikipedia style. What do you think? Fg2 (talk) 11:06, 8 August 2009 (UTC)
 * I think you are correct. Xxanthippe (talk) 12:25, 8 August 2009 (UTC).
 * Talk:Sin-Itiro_Tomonaga is interesting in that regard. Sin-Itiro sounds "retarded" to me too. My proposal is clear: take the standard romanization "Yoshida" for the article, keep the "Yosida" romanization in the link to his paper, so that people can find it in publication databases. On an other note, the wikipedia Yoshida page only lists people with the more common kanji 吉田, I wonder whether we should include 芳田 as well. Xxanthippe, your reply is somewhat ambiguous - what do you think is correct ? That "Yosida may not be well enough known to merit a variance" ? I agree with that too (as you know by now) -- Shocklord (talk) 12:39, 8 August 2009 (UTC)
 * Unless extremely widely known in English as Yosida (and I wonder if this fellow is widely known in English at all, let alone with his name spelled one way or another), I think we should stick to a standard of romanization. This seems, in any case, less a case of personal preference regarding his name and more just a choice of a different romanization system. In other words, he's not actively choosing a particular name for himself, intentionally declaring that he'll be known as Joe, not Jō or Richard rather than Noriyuki; he's just transliterating his name and doing it poorly, either ignorant or uncaring about the fact that in English, "si" is not pronounced like the し　in Yoshida, but rather like Yo-see-da, which I think he'd agree is not his name. LordAmeth (talk) 12:33, 9 August 2009 (UTC)
 * I guess we're set here. Change to standard romanization. I'll also make a link to this page from the Yoshida page. Shocklord (talk) 08:38, 19 August 2009 (UTC)

Yosida or Yoshida?
At the risk of continuing one of Wikipedia's lamest edit wars I have reverted the recent changes made to this article by Shocklord. Kei Yosida was a physicist at the University of California at Berkeley who made major contributions to the physical theory of metals and magnetism. He published his work in English language journals under the name K. Yosida. Google Scholar (author:"Kei Yosida") lists 83 of them with this name. There is no record of him ever spelling his name as Yoshida in the English language literature. There do exist physicists with the name "Yoshida" but they work in different fields. Shocklord thinks that Yosida should not spell the English version of his name as he chose to himself but as "Yoshida" and has changed the article accordingly. I have changed it back because Yosida chose to spell it that way himself and the interaction that bears his name is most commonly spelt that way. Google gives "Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida" 4910 hits and "Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yoshida" 1670 hits, some of the latter reflections of the current WP version. If Shocklord wishes to add the Japanese script of the name or the Yoshida variant he can do so in a footnote. This is an article on physics not linguistics. Xxanthippe (talk) 05:13, 26 August 2009 (UTC).

title: Talk:RKKY interaction


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In-group and out-group

In social psychology and sociology, an in-group is a social group to which a person psychologically identifies as being a member. By contrast, an out-group is a social group with which an individual does not identify. People may for example identify with their peer group, family, community, sports team, political party, gender, sexual orientation, religion, or nation. It has been found that the psychological membership of social groups and categories is associated with a wide variety of phenomena.

The terminology was made popular by Henri Tajfel and colleagues beginning in the 1970s during his work in formulating social identity theory. The significance of in-group and out-group categorization was identified using a method called the minimal group paradigm. Tajfel and colleagues found that people can form self-preferencing in-groups within a matter of minutes and that such groups can form even on the basis of completely arbitrary and invented discriminatory characteristics, such as preferences for certain paintings.

In neurology, there is an established literature about the innate propensity of the human brain to divide the world into us and them valence categories, where the exact membership of the in-group and out-group are socially contingent (hence vulnerable to the instruments of propaganda), and the intensity exists along a spectrum from mild to complete dehumanization of the "othered" group (such as through pseudospeciation).

Associated phenomena
The psychological categorization of people into in-group and out-group members is associated with a variety of phenomena. The following examples have all received a great deal of academic attention.

In-group favoritism
This refers to the fact that under certain conditions, people will prefer and have affinity for one's in-group over the out-group, or anyone viewed as outside the in-group. This can be expressed in one's evaluation of others, linking, allocation of resources, and many other ways. How we perceive the actions of others are also affected by in-group favoritism. People may perceive the same action very differently depending on whether the action was executed by a member of the same group or a member of a different group. In fact, people tend to evaluate actions of their own group or team members much more favorably than those of outgroup members. An illustrative example of the way this phenomenon takes place can be demonstrated just by arbitrarily assigning a person to a distinct and objectively meaningless novel group; this alone is sufficient to create intergroup biases in which members of the perceiver's own group are preferentially favored. This phenomenon was demonstrated in an empirical study conducted by Molenberghs and colleagues in 2013. In the study, participants were arbitrarily divided into two teams where they watched videos of individuals of competing teams and individuals from their own team perform hand actions. Participants were then asked to judge the speed of the hand movements. On average participants judged members of their own teams to be faster, although the hand movements were the exact same speed across the board. Similarly, Hastorf and Cantril conducted a pioneering study in 1954, where students of both Princeton and Dartmouth viewed a contentious football game between their two teams. Although they had watched the same motion picture of the game, their versions of what transpired were so starkly different it appeared as though they had watched two totally different games.

Neural mechanisms of in-group favoritism and out-group bias
Some may wonder why in-group favoritism takes place, even in arbitrarily assigned groups where group members have nothing in common other than the group to which they were assigned. Research points to unconscious decision-making processes that takes place at the neurological level, where in-group favoritism and out-group bias occurs very early in perception. This process can begin by simply viewing a person's face. Research indicates that individuals are faster and more accurate at recognizing faces of ingroup vs. outgroup members. For example, researchers in a cross-race recognition study recorded blood oxygenation level-dependent signal (BOLD) activity from black and white participants while they viewed and attempted to remember pictures of unfamiliar black faces, white faces and objects. They found that participants in this study exhibited greater activity in the fusiform face area (FFA), an area of the fusiform gyrus located in the inferior temporal cortex of the brain linked to object and face recognition, when viewing same race faces compared to other race faces. Lower activity in the FFA reflects a failure to encode outgroup members at the individual level rather than the categorical level, which comes at the expense of encoding individuating information. This suggests out-group or unfamiliar faces may not be "faces" with the same intensity as in-group faces. Prior research has also shown that the devaluation and dehumanization of outgroup members is exacerbated when the initial encoding and configural processing of an outgroup face is impeded. So not only does this initial encoding process dehumanize outgroup members, it also contributes to a homogeneity effect, whereby outgroup members are perceived as more similar to each other than ingroup members.

Group homogeneity
Categorization of people into social groups increases the perception that group members are similar to one another. An outcome of this is the out-group homogeneity effect. This refers to the perception of members of an out-group as being homogenous, while members of one's in-group are perceived as being diverse, e.g. "they are alike; we are diverse". This is especially likely to occur in regard to negative characteristics. Under certain conditions, in-group members can be perceived as being similar to one another in regard to positive characteristics. This effect is called in-group homogeneity.

Out-group derogation
Discrimination between in-groups and out-groups is a matter of favoritism towards an in-group and the absence of equivalent favoritism towards an out-group. Out-group derogation is the phenomenon in which an out-group is perceived as being threatening to the members of an in-group. This phenomenon often accompanies in-group favoritism, as it requires one to have an affinity towards their in-group. Some research suggests that out-group derogation occurs when an out-group is perceived as blocking or hindering the goals of an in-group. It has also been argued that out-group derogation is a natural consequence of the categorization process.

Social influence
People have been shown to be differentially influenced by in-group members. That is, under conditions where group categorization is psychologically salient, people will shift their beliefs in line with in-group social norms.

Group polarization
This generally refers to the tendency of groups to make decisions that are more extreme than the initial inclination of its members, although polarization toward the most central beliefs has also been observed. It has been shown that this effect is related to a psychologically salient in-group and outgroup categorization.

Postulated role in human evolution
In evolutionary psychology, in-group favoritism is seen as an evolved mechanism selected for the advantages of coalition affiliation. It has been argued that characteristics such as gender and ethnicity are inflexible or even essential features of such systems. However, there is evidence that elements of favoritism are flexible in that they can be erased by changes in social categorization. One study in the field of behavioural genetics suggests that biological mechanisms may exist which favor a coexistence of both flexible and essentialist systems.

title: In-group and out-group


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Germar Rudolf

Germar Rudolf (born 29 October 1964), also known as Germar Scheerer, is a German chemist and a convicted Holocaust denier.

Background
Rudolf was born in Limburg an der Lahn, Hesse. In 1983 he took his Abitur in Remscheid, then studied chemistry in Bonn, graduating in 1989 with a master's degree. As a student, he joined the A.V. Tuisconia Königsberg zu Bonn and the K.D.St.V. Nordgau Prag zu Stuttgart, Catholic fraternities belonging to the Cartellverband. According to the website “Informationsdienst gegen Rechtsextremismus” (Information service against right-wing extremism), Rudolf was in 1985, a member of Schlesische Jugend (Silesian Youth), the youth section of the association The Landsmannschaft Schlesien - Nieder- und Oberschlesien e.V. ("Territorial Association of Silesia - Lower and Upper Silesia"). Still according to the site Informationsdienst gegen Rechtsextremismus, Rudolf participated the year after, at the Reichsgründungskommers (Reich Foundation Parties) of the ultra-nationalist student association Verein deutscher Studenten (VDSt, German Student League). In 1989, he also took on editorial responsibilities in the German newspaper of New Right Junge Freiheit, and was an author in the far-right journals: Staatsbriefe, Sleipnir, Deutschland in Geschichte und Gegenwart. After supporting the CSU/CDU, he became a member of the Republicans. After his military service with the German Air Force, in October 1990 he joined the Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research at Stuttgart, where he prepared a PhD thesis.

In 1991, Rudolf began work on a paper entitled Report on the formation and verifiability of cyanide compounds in the Auschwitz "gas chambers" on behalf of the Düsseldorf attorney Hajo Herrmann, a former Luftwaffe pilot. In 1993, this work was reported in the media, and Rudolf was told not to enter the Max Planck Institute again without permission. When he did so, his employment was terminated without notice. In 1994, this dismissal was converted into a termination by mutual agreement. In 1996, the University of Stuttgart asked Rudolf to withdraw his application for a final PhD examination, or it would be denied, rendering his PhD thesis worthless. The legal basis for this is a German law which allows universities to deny or withdraw academic degrees where the candidate has used his academic credentials or knowledge to commit a crime. Rudolf subsequently withdrew his application.

Between 1991 and 1994, Herrmann and other lawyers used Rudolf's Auschwitz report to defend several Holocaust deniers, among them Otto Ernst Remer, a former Wehrmacht officer charged with Volksverhetzung (inciting hatred). Rudolf knew his work would be associated with Holocaust denial, but insisted that even Remer had a right to legal defense. Rudolf stated that his findings at Auschwitz and Birkenau "completely shattered his world view". Among other things, Rudolf's report claims that only insignificant traces of cyanide compounds can be found in the samples taken from Auschwitz. However, Richard Green and Jamie McCarthy from The Holocaust History Project have criticized the report, saying that like Fred Leuchter in his report, Rudolf did not discriminate against the formation of iron-based cyanide compounds, which are not a reliable indicator of the presence of cyanide, so that his experiment was seriously flawed.

Criminal convictions
In 1995, Rudolf was sentenced to 14 months in prison by the district court of Stuttgart for "inciting racial hatred" via the "Rudolf Report", as Holocaust denial is a criminal offence in Germany. Rudolf avoided prison by fleeing to Spain, England, and finally to the United States. His first marriage was to a German national with whom he had two children, and they settled at Hastings in England, until he and his wife divorced and she returned to Germany with their children.

All the while, criminal investigations continued in Germany. In August 2004, the district court of Mannheim distrained a bank account in an attempt to confiscate 55% of Rudolf's business turnover from the years 2001–2004, some €214,000, but at that time the account contained only some €5,000. Rudolf and his associates had earned this money by selling Holocaust denial publications which are banned in Germany, but Rudolf's business was in the UK and the US.

On 11 September 2004, Rudolf married a US citizen and settled in Chicago; the couple later had a child. He applied for political asylum, or at least for the right not to be expelled, but this was rejected in November 2004 on the basis that the application had no merits and was a case of frivolous litigation. Rudolf appealed against this ruling, and in early 2006 the US Federal Court in Atlanta found that his application was not "frivolous", but upheld the decision that it had no merit. The Immigration Services said that Rudolf did not have a right to file an application to remain with his family. On 14 November 2005, Rudolf was extradited to Germany where he was wanted for incitement of racial hatred (Volksverhetzung). On arrival there, he was arrested by the police and transferred to a prison in Rottenburg, then to another in Stuttgart in Baden-Württemberg.

On 15 March 2007, the Mannheim District Court sentenced him to two years and six months in prison for inciting hatred, disparaging the dead, and libel. Rudolf accepted the verdict, and copies of his "Lectures on the Holocaust" were confiscated and destroyed. The prosecution's initial request to confiscate €214,000 was reduced to €21,000, the total turnover from the sales of the book. He was released from prison on 5 July 2009 and now lives in the US with his wife and daughter.

In July 2019, Rudolf was arrested near his home in Red Lion, Pennsylvania for "open lewdness" after being found exercising at 4:06 a.m. in a public park "naked from the waist down." He was later found guilty of indecent exposure and open lewdness, for which he was sentenced to two years of probation.

Publications
After Rudolf was dismissed from the Max Planck Institute, he began to publish books promoting Holocaust denial. He founded Castle Hill Publishers in 1997 based in Hastings, England with Theses & Dissertations Press as its American outlet. In 2000, Rudolf initiated an English language Holocaust Handbooks Series, a series of Holocaust denial titles which, as of 2013, encompassed 25 titles. Furthermore, Rudolf is closely associated with the Belgian Holocaust denial organization Vrij Historisch Onderzoek (VHO). Until his arrest in late 2005, he published the now defunct "Vierteljahreshefte für freie Geschichtsforschung" (Quarterly journal for free historical research), described by the German Office for the Protection of the Constitution as "a right-wing extremist organ."

Selected publications

 * Auschwitz-Lies: Legends, Lies, and Prejudices on the Holocaust, with Carlo Mattogno (Theses & Dissertations Press, 2005), ISBN 1591480213
 * Dissecting the Holocaust: The Growing Critique of Truth and Memory (Theses & Dissertations Press, 3rd edition, 2003), ISBN 0967985625
 * The Rudolf Report: Expert Report on Chemical and Technical Aspects of the Gas Chambers of Auschwitz (Theses & Dissertations Press, 3rd edition, 2003), ISBN 096798565X

title: Germar Rudolf


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Flowers of Shanghai

Flowers of Shanghai is a 1998 Taiwanese drama film directed by Hou Hsiao-hsien. It is based on the novel The Sing-song Girls of Shanghai (1892) by Han Bangqing, which was originally written in the Wu language (吳語) and translated into Mandarin Chinese by Eileen Chang. The film stars Tony Leung as a wealthy patron and Michiko Hada, Annie Shizuka Inoh, Shuan Fang, Jack Kao, Carina Lau, Rebecca Pan, Michelle Reis and Vicky Wei as "flower girls" in four high-end Shanghai brothels. It was voted the third best film of the 1990s in the Village Voice Film Poll conducted in 1999. The film was selected as the Taiwanese entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 71st Academy Awards.

Plot
The film is set in the elegant brothels of Shanghai, called Changsan Shuyu (長三書寓; "Flower Houses"), in 1884. The story is about the prostitutes in these houses, known as "shi sen" or "flower girls," who are top-notch prostitutes, depicting in great detail their relationships with the wealthy patrons, which are semi-monogamous and often last for a long period of time, and the daily activities in the houses.

The main prostitutes in the film are Crimson, Jasmin, Jade, Pearl and Emerald. Crimson belongs to the Huifang Enclave (薈芳里), while Jasmin works at the East Hexing Enclave (東合興里). Jade and her friend Pearl work in the Gongyang Enclave (公陽里), and Emerald resides in the Shangren Enclave (尚仁里). The film explores the relationships between the wealthy patrons and the prostitutes.

Master Wang leaves the prostitute Crimson at the end of their "four-or-five" year relationship after he is refused her hand in marriage. He falls for the younger prostitute Jasmin, angering Crimson. However, Master Wang still has feelings for Crimson. When he finds out she is having an affair with an actor, he launches into a drunken rage. He agrees to marry Jasmin and departs for Guangdong after receiving a promotion. It is later revealed in conversation between other characters that Jasmin had an affair with Wang's nephew.

Another prostitute, Jade, has been given a promise by her lover, the young and immature Master Zhu, that if they cannot be married together, they will die together. When it is apparent that the marriage will not occur, she gives Zhu opium in an attempt to poison him before attempting to drink opium herself.

Emerald yearns for freedom from life in a brothel and is supported by Luo, one of her patrons. As a child, she was bought for $100 by her auntie who insists that freedom costs many times that value ($3,000); the negotiation goes on throughout the film. With the help of Master Hong and Luo, Emerald negotiates a satisfactory price and achieves her independence.

Regarding the English title of the film, the meaning of "sing-song girls" does not refer to singing girls who sing for a living. Eileen Chang's commentary on the Mandarin text makes it clear: "Xiansheng" or "Xi sang" in Wu is pronounced as "sing song". That is probably why the title is translated as "sing-song girls" - not the translation of "singing girl". The term "singing girl" was a new term from the late 1920s to the 1930s, after there were dancing girl.

Production
According to the screenwriter Chu Tʽien-wen, Flowers of Shanghai was originated with Hou Hsiao-Hsien's intention to create a collection of art production resources for Taiwan cinema with the assistance of art director Hwarng Wern-ying (黃文英), as he did for sound recording with Tu Duu-Chi (杜篤之).

Hou Hsiao-Hsien originally intended to shoot Flowers of Shanghai in China, but the application was not approved by the Chinese government. The production was forced to be completed in Taiwan, which is why the film has no outdoor scenes. Without proper locations that could be the background for the period, the film was all shot in the studio.

Hou Hsiao-hsien's long shots are used to their fullest potential in this film. The nearly two-hour film consists of only less than forty shots. The long takes are edited by using fade-ins and fade-outs imitating the rhythm of breathing, which also allow the viewers to have enough time to fully appreciate the recreation of old Shanghai on screen.

Ah Cheng (Zhong Acheng, 鍾阿城) was responsible for sourcing and ordering most of the costumes and props for the film from China. He proposed to Hou that the film should not use electric bulbs but be lit with candles to give the room a warm and nostalgic atmosphere.

Awards
The film won for Best Director and Best Art Director (Wen-Ying Huang) at the Asia-Pacific Film Festival in 1998, and the next year the director won the Golden Crow Pheasant at the International Film Festival of Kerala. It was nominated for the Golden Palm at Cannes but did not win.

Critical reception
On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 93% based on 14 reviews. On Metacritic, the film has an average weighted score of 73 out of 100 based on 11 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".

Film critic J. Hoberman, like Jonathan Rosenbaum, called Hou Hsiao-hsien the best director of the '90s, and hailed Flowers of Shanghai as one of Hou's three masterpieces from that decade.

Jeffrey Anderson finds the film incredibly beautiful, despite the need for "multiple viewings and incredible patience."

While Jeremy Heilman did not want to call it Hou's best film, he considered it his prettiest. Kent Jones called the film innovative.

title: Flowers of Shanghai


text:
Talk:Rice vinegar

Untitled
October 2007. Seasoned Rice Vinegar is equated with awasezu. This is not correct. See http://www.practicallyedible.com/edible.nsf/pages/awasezu. What it is, instead, is a quicky, premade version of Sushi-zu. See here: http://www.practicallyedible.com/edible.nsf/pages/sushi-zu

_______________________________________________

What on earth is "jacked-up" vinegar? Is that slang? If it is then perhaps the sentence could be rephrased. If it's not slang, I think an explanation of the term would make things clearer.

Is "jacked-up" supposed to be a replacement for ""? If that's correct, then my question becomes "what on earth is vinegar?". And then I'd ask is that really appropriate for Wikipedia?

 * I can only imagine that it's intended to refer to the higher acidity of Western vinegars. I've revised the sentence. VermillionBird 20:47, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

Picture
The bottle cap should be orange. Many Chinese know that bottles with the yellow ones are fake.--89.14.77.233 (talk) 19:44, 22 February 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Rice vinegar


text:
Daniel Mainwaring

Daniel Mainwaring (February 27, 1902 – January 31, 1977) was an American novelist and screenwriter.

Biography
A native of Oakland, California, Mainwaring began his professional career as a journalist for the San Francisco Chronicle and enjoyed a successful career as a mystery novelist (under the name Geoffrey Homes). He worked as a film publicist and eventually abandoned fiction for a successful career as a screenwriter.

His first novel (and the only one he ever published under his own name), One Against the Earth (1932), is a proletarian novel about a young man born on a California ranch who becomes a drifter and is eventually unjustly accused of attacking a child. He made his real mark, however, with a string of hard-boiled mystery novels (mostly with small-town California settings), the first of which was The Man Who Murdered Himself (1936).

His final published novel, Build My Gallows High (William Morrow & Co., 1946), is generally regarded as his best—and its adaptation (by "Homes" himself) into the 1947 film noir classic Out of the Past assured his place in film history. Mainwaring explained to interviewer Pat McGilligan that he regarded the novel as a departure from his earlier literary efforts:"With Build My Gallows High, I wanted to get away from straight mystery novels. Those detective stories are a bore to write. You've got to figure out 'whodunit'. I'd get to the end and have to say whodunit and be so mixed up I couldn't decide myself."

By the time Out of the Past appeared Mainwaring had already begun to devote himself exclusively to screenwriting, first under the Homes pseudonym and later under his real name. Other notable credits during this period include The Big Steal (1949, directed by Don Siegel) and This Woman Is Dangerous (1952, with Joan Crawford). His first important film works bearing his real name were the 1954 shot-on-location crime thriller The Phenix City Story (1954) and the original version of Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1956).

As director Joseph Losey, whose The Lawless was adapted by Mainwaring from the writer's own short story (publication undetermined) "The Voice of Stephen Wilder", noted:"This is one of the things that makes me very close to Dan Mainwaring—his experience of Americana, the nostalgia of the good things about small towns. I remember the smell of burning leaves at night in the autumn too. And I remember the smell of Christmas, the sparkle in the air at football games, and the sound of distant trains. And Dan remembers them all. He's a much underrated writer and he's a really quite noble man. He damaged himself with drink and he was very badly hurt by the blacklist."

According to Frank Krutnik's book "Un-American" Hollywood, Losey's memory seems to serve him wrong here. Mainwaring's widow claims her husband actually acted as a front for blacklisted author Paul Jarrico. Also, Mainwaring's name appears on several movie credits in the 1950s which would have been impossible for a blacklisted author. The first film to break the blacklisting rule by naming a "banned" screenwriter (Dalton Trumbo) in the credits was Otto Preminger's 1960 film, Exodus.

In 1960, Mainwaring was hired by fantasy-film producer-director George Pal to write the screenplay for the MGM Studios film Atlantis, the Lost Continent, released in 1961. He based his script on a play written by Gerald Hargreaves in 1945. Toward the end of his career, in the 1960s, he wrote for TV shows like The Wild Wild West and Mannix. He did not live long enough to see Out of the Past remade as Against All Odds (1984).

title: Daniel Mainwaring


text: Template:World War II

title: Template:World War II


text:
User:MBAgal

I'm an MBA student

title: User:MBAgal


text:
Damien Fleming

Damien William Fleming (born 24 April 1970) is an Australian cricket commentator and former cricketer who played for the Australian national cricket team and domestic cricket for Victoria. He played in 20 Tests and 88 ODIs from 1994 to 2001 and was part of the all-conquering Australian teams under Steve Waugh and Mark Taylor. In recent years Fleming has spent time refining his theory of Bowlology, a set of scientific coaching principles to help developing bowlers. Fleming was a part of the Australian team that won the 1999 Cricket World Cup.

Injury problems shortened his career, with the side-on bowling action that generated his swing, also putting more strain on his body.

International career
Fleming's 20 Tests between 1994–95 and 2000–01 returned 75 wickets at an average of 25.89 with best figures of 5/30. He is one of only three men (along with Maurice Allom and Peter Petherick) to have taken a hat-trick on Test debut. Fleming's hat-trick was taken against Pakistan at Rawalpindi where he claimed Australia's nemesis Salim Malik in the second innings as his third wicket.

His Test match record is impressive, with the 1999–2000 season Fleming's finest hour: he claimed 31 wickets in six Tests against Pakistan and India. His career best figures of 5/31 came against India at Adelaide in December 1999, where if not for Shane Warne spilling up a difficult slips catch, Fleming would have claimed a second hat-trick.

Fleming's ODI record is equally impressive, representing his country 88 times including two World Cup finals and taking 134 wickets at an average of 25.38. He was seen by many to be a one-day specialist, especially in the latter overs when his fine economy rate kept runs down. Fleming was the last-over specialist in both the 1996 and 1999 World Cup Semi-Finals. In 1996 at Mohali with the West Indies needing six runs to win off five balls, Fleming bowled Courtney Walsh for victory. In 1999 at Edgbaston, with South Africa requiring one run with four balls remaining, it took an Allan Donald brain-fade to send Australia into the final.

Domestic career
He played 78 First Class Matches for Victoria taking 258 wickets. He took 6/37 on First Class debut vs Western Australia in 1989/90.

Fleming was named in the South Melbourne Cricket Club’s team of the 20th century, alongside such greats as Bill Woodfull, Keith Miller and Clarrie Grimmett.

Post-retirement
Following his retirement from all cricket in 2003, he was briefly appointed head coach at the Australian Cricket Academy.

Like many of his counterparts, Fleming became a cricket commentator for both internationals and domestic Sheffield Shield matches. He has been heard on Triple M Melbourne and SEN 1116 radio, and is a specialist cricket commentator for Seven Network having previously worked for ABC Radio Grandstand, Channel 10 and Fox Sports.

Fleming, a keen Hawthorn fan, appeared on Before the Bounce in 2009 with Jason Dunstall and Danny Frawley, a weekly Australian football program broadcast on Foxtel, before becoming a regular on the show's successor After the Bounce. Recognising his own capacity for sporting insights (developed through deep contemplation of Bowlology theory) the show's producers gave Fleming a role akin to 'editor at large' in his segment Turn It Up. In this segment, Fleming cast a critical eye over the AFL and society in general, raising the questionable and confronting issues that others thought inappropriate. He also ran a part of the show featuring a broken chocolate wheel. No longer in his role on After The Bounce. The chocolate wheel was never seen again.

Fleming began to make appearances during the fourth season (2009) of Thank God You're Here where he parodied the prevalence of sportspersons (notably cricketers) endorsing anything in the Australian media.

In May 2018, it was announced that Fleming would join the Seven Network's cricket commentary team, after the network won the Cricket Australia broadcast rights from the 2018/19 season. In August 2018 it was announced that he would also join the SEN 1116 radio commentary team.

title: Damien Fleming


text:
Terry Cummings

Robert Terrell Cummings (born March 15, 1961) is an American former professional basketball player who played 18 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA). Cummings was voted Rookie of the Year and was a two-time All-Star, a two-time All-NBA selection and was a lead player on several postseason teams while in Milwaukee and San Antonio.

College Years
Born in Chicago and a graduate of Carver High School, Cummings attended DePaul University from 1979 to 1982. He averaged 16.4 points per game over 85 games and entered the 1982 NBA draft after departing from school.

San Diego Clippers
He was selected in the first round by the San Diego Clippers as the second overall pick, right after James Worthy was by the Clippers’ eventual crosstown-rivals, the Lakers. Before the season even began, Cummings’ bumped heads with San Diego's now-infamous owner, Donald Sterling. While Sterling had training camp conducted at a naval base, he made all players do their own laundry. As a result of that, and other tense exchanges, Cummings’ agent tried to negotiate a one-year deal to get his client away from the Clippers as soon as possible, however, the two sides eventually agreed to a four-year contract during the preseason.

In his inaugural 1982–83 season, he won the NBA Rookie of the Year Award after putting up 23.7 points and 10.4 rebounds per game. These figures would turn out to be the highest of his career in those categories. On March 9, 1983, Cummings scored a then career best 39 points, along with grabbing 18 rebounds, during a 119–114 loss to the Los Angeles Lakers. Late in his rookie season, Cummings suffered from heartbeat irregularities, which would keep him out the remaining two weeks of the season. The team lost every game without him.

Milwaukee Bucks
After the next season (1983–84), he was traded to the Milwaukee Bucks, where he would continue to post above 20 points and 8 rebound averages for four out of his five years on the team.

In the 1985 NBA playoffs, Cummings (29.5 points) averaged more points than then-rookie Michael Jordan (29.3 points) in a 3–1 series victory for Milwaukee. It would be the only time Jordan would not lead all scorers in a postseason series he participated in during his career. The Bucks would lose in the next round in an upset to the lower seeded Philadelphia 76ers in a 4–0 sweep.

The following season, Cummings and now hall of fame-enshrined teammate Sidney Moncrief led the Bucks to a 57–25 record and an Eastern Conference Finals appearance. On January 6, 1986, Cummings scored 16 points, grabbed 17 rebounds, and recorded 4 assists in a win against the Cleveland Cavaliers. During that season's postseason run, on April 22, 1986, Cummings scored 23 points, grabbed 11 rebounds, and recorded a playoffs career-high 3 blocks in the final game of a 3–0 first round sweep of the New Jersey Nets. In the following round, Cummings played the lead role in the Bucks advancing past Julius Erving and the 76ers in a contested seven games series, while his co-star Moncrief missed four games due to injury. Cummings led all scorers with 27 points in Milwaukee's 113-112 Game 7 win over Philadelphia, despite playing through a dislocated finger. However, in a familiar pattern for the 1980s Bucks, they would ultimately fail to reach the NBA Finals, this time losing to the Boston Celtics.

On January 9, 1987, Cummings grabbed a career high 24 rebounds, alongside scoring 28 points, in a 100–92 loss to the Washington Bullets. On January 16, 1987, in what was arguably the best game of his career, Cummings recorded a triple double with 39 points, 15 rebounds, and 10 assists, while adding a career-high 6 steals in a 124–122 loss versus the Dallas Mavericks. Both Sidney Moncrief and Paul Pressey were out with injuries, and only one teammate of Cummings’ (Ricky Pierce, 27 points) scored more than 14 points. That postseason, Cummings and the Bucks again advanced past Philadelphia, as he averaged 21.4 points and 6.2 rebounds per game. On May 10, 1987, Cummings scored 31 points in an Eastern Semifinals Game 4 138–137 overtime loss against the Boston Celtics. The Bucks would eventually lose the series in 7 games.

On March 1, 1989, Cummings scored 38 points and grabbed 10 rebounds in a 121–111 win against the New York Knicks.

As a Buck, Cummings was selected to play in the 1984–85 and 1988–89 NBA All-Star Games.

San Antonio Spurs
He was traded to the San Antonio Spurs on May 28, 1989. He was sent with a 1990 2nd round draft pick (Tony Massenburg was later selected) for Cadillac Anderson, Alvin Robertson and a 1989 2nd round draft pick (Frank Kornet was later selected).

His first season in San Antonio, alongside David Robinson and Maurice Cheeks, brought a remarkable turn around, the Spurs surged from 21 wins in 1989 to 56 wins in 1990. That season, Cummings set a career high in points scored in a single game, with 52 in a 129–95 win over the Charlotte Hornets.

He would remain in San Antonio for six years. His scoring and rebounding averages for the 1989–90 through 1991–92 seasons were close to 20 and 8, respectively, and he helped his team to consecutive 50-win seasons and playoff appearances. By this time, he was recognized as a reliable power forward in the league.

Cummings suffered a serious knee injury in the summer of 1992 in a casual pickup game. He would miss the first 74 regular-season games. Upon his return to the lineup, he could no longer put up near-All-Star numbers, and from then on he was used in a more suitable role as a reserve. Cummings would play in San Antonio until 1994–95.

Return to Bucks
In November 1995, he joined the Milwaukee Bucks again. He played 81 games averaging 8.0 points per game in 21 minutes of work.

Seattle Supersonics
In January 1997 he signed with the Seattle SuperSonics as a free agent. He contributed as a role player helping the Sonics reach the Western Conference Semi-finals where they lost to the Houston Rockets in 7 games.

Philadelphia 76ers
He signed with the Philadelphia 76ers in September 1997. He played in 44 games averaging 5.3 points per game.

New York Knicks
Just before the trade deadline in February 1998, he was traded to the New York Knicks for Herb Williams and Ron Grandison. For the New York Knicks he played in 30 games to finish the 1997–98 season and a total of 74 games combined between Philadelphia and New York.

Golden State Warriors
Before the lockout ending in 1999, he was traded by the Knicks along with John Starks and Chris Mills to the Golden State Warriors for Latrell Sprewell. He managed to play 2 seasons for the Warriors, then retired from basketball after the 1999–2000 season.

In his final season, despite serious injuries and then being 38 years old, he averaged 8.4 PPG and 4.9 RPG in just 18 minutes a night.

Career summary
In 18 seasons, Cummings scored 19,460 points, placing him 57th on the list of NBA all-time regular-season scoring leaders, as of December 2022. He finished with averages of 16.4 points per game and 7.3 rebounds per game. He also played in 1,183 games, had 33,898 minutes, a .484 field goal percentage (8,045 for 16,628), .706 free throw percentage (3,326 for 4,711), 8,630 total rebounds (3,183 offensive, 5,447 defensive), and 1,255 steals.

Personal life
Cummings wanted to be a professional hockey player growing up, and had not attempted playing competitive basketball until an unexpected high school growth-spurt.

On April 4, 1985, Cummings sang the national anthem in Milwaukee before playing in a home game versus the Detroit Pistons. He received a standing ovation. Granted, it was the National Anthem, everyone was already standing. In December 1989, Cummings and several Spurs teammates released a Christmas song.

Cummings has been an ordained Pentecostal minister since 1977 and performed the wedding of former teammate Sean Elliott. He has three sons, Antonio, T. J., and Shawn.

In a creative turn of his career, Cummings released an album, T.C. Finally in early 2007, of songs which he wrote, sang, and played keyboards. The album is reminiscent of the R&B/soulstyles of musicians such as Marvin Gaye, Al Green, and Sam Cooke.

title: Terry Cummings


text:
Max Tundra

Benjamin Thomas Jacobs (born 7 June 1974), more commonly known by the stage name Max Tundra, is an English multi-instrumental musician, singer and music producer. His work is noted for its maximalist approach, which is predominantly electronic music but incorporates non-electronic styles and instruments. Jacobs' production style has been noted as an influence on the hyperpop style which became prevalent in the 2010s onwards.

Other than his full-length albums, he has also done remix work for bands of varying genres including Franz Ferdinand, Architecture in Helsinki, Kid606 and the Pet Shop Boys. In 2018, Tundra wrote and produced the comeback album by Daphne and Celeste, entitled Daphne & Celeste Save the World.

Biography
Ben Jacobs was born in Camberwell, London, and is the son of Gerald Jacobs, literary editor of The Jewish Chronicle. Jacobs grew up taking piano lessons, but mostly enjoyed playing television theme songs and music from adverts. As a teenager, he bought a Commodore Amiga 500 with his bar mitzvah money and began exploring electronic music with it. Jacobs began sending demos out to labels. Warp Records received one song he recorded titled "Children at Play" and released it as a single in 1998. Following this single his debut album Some Best Friend You Turned Out to Be was released by Domino Records in the UK in 2000.

The instrumental record was followed up with Mastered by Guy at the Exchange, his first to use vocals. Max Tundra explained "When I was writing Some Best Friend, I thought of all sorts of weird and wonderful machines and instruments I could use to make noises, but singing never occurred to me. I had never considered using my voice on any Max Tundra record ever, but hey, I like to keep things varied, so this time round I figured what the hell!" Mastered By Guy at the Exchange received positive reviews,  including being named the 12th top album of the year on Pitchfork Media's list of top 50 albums of 2002.

In 2006, Max Tundra released a new single as part of Tomlab records "Alphabet Series" for the Letter M. The single included a cover of The KLF's "What Time Is Love?", made with his Amiga in 1989. In 2008, Max Tundra toured the UK with Hot Chip and released the album Parallax Error Beheads You which he had worked on for six years. The first single from the album was "Will Get Fooled Again" and was released on 29 September 2008.

On 5 June 2010, Max Tundra effectively announced on Twitter that Parallax Error Beheads You would be the final Max Tundra album. However, in a radio interview from May 2011, he mentioned that he was only taking a break in order to focus on his remix and production work. On 30 March 2012, he claimed on Twitter that he had begun working on a new Max Tundra album.

In 2011, Max Tundra contacted pop duo Daphne and Celeste through social media to offer his production to make a comeback. A single for their song "You and I Alone" was released in 2015, written and produced by Max Tundra. Three years later, Max Tundra announced a full-length studio album he had produced for Daphne and Celeste set for release as Daphne & Celeste Save the World on 30 March through Max Tundra's Balatonic label.

In July 2022, Max Tundra resurfaced with Remixtape, an EP composed of remixes and cover versions contributed by artists such as A.G. Cook, Kero Kero Bonito, Katie Dey, Julia Holter and Tundra himself, released to coinicide with all three Max Tundra albums being remastered on coloured vinyl. Tundra also contributed an original track, "Long-Tail Limbo", for the video game Trombone Champ.

Musical style
Max Tundra has been noted for his maximalist approach to composition and music production, often incorporating complex chord structures, experimental recording techniques, and a diverse range of instrumentation, many of which he has taught himself how to play. Whilst primilarly noted as an electronic artist, Tundra's music draws influence from a wide range of musical styles, including jazz, progressive rock, folk, indie rock, classical, R&B, UK garage, house, show tunes, chiptune, glitch, and musique concrete, often criss-crossing within songs. The density of his work has been considered a predecessor to the hyperpop scene, though Jacobs claims that he never set out to make a "proto-hyperpop LP", and that his music reflects more of an "eclectic sprawl of genre-free pop".

In 2021, Jacobs stated that "At the start of my career I decided I wanted to invent a new style of music with each song. I'm not sure I always achieved that, but I'm proud of how stylistically varied the three Max Tundra albums are. On the first LP (Some Best Friend You Turned Out To Be) it really was an everything-but-the-kitchen-sink multi-instrumental approach, trying to create music that didn't sound like anything else out of mbires, melodicas and mallets. As the albums progressed, this approach transformed into a kind of "mutated pop" aesthetic, where I would take at least the raw materials of existing genres and remould them into new shapes. Each LP is more electronic than its predecessor, as I dropped traditional instruments in favour of more purely synthetic sounds".

Albums

 * {|class="wikitable"

! width="33"|Year ! width="260"|Title
 * align="center"|2000
 * Some Best Friend You Turned Out to Be
 * Released: 25 April 2000
 * Label: Domino
 * Formats: CD, LP
 * align="right"|2002
 * Mastered by Guy at the Exchange
 * Released: 2 September 2002
 * Label: Domino / Tigerbeat6
 * Formats: CD, LP
 * align="right"|2008
 * Parallax Error Beheads You
 * Released: 20 October 2008
 * Label: Domino
 * Formats: CD, LP
 * }
 * Label: Domino
 * Formats: CD, LP
 * }
 * }

Singles

 * {| class="wikitable"

! width="33"|Year ! width="215"|Title ! width="240"|Album ! width="60"|Label
 * align="center"| 1998
 * "Children at Play"
 * non-album single.
 * Warp
 * align="center" rowspan="2"|2000
 * "Cakes"
 * rowspan="2"| Some Best Friend You Turned Out to Be
 * rowspan="5"| Domino
 * "Ink Me"
 * align="center" |2001
 * "QY20 Songs"
 * non-album single
 * align="center" |2002
 * "Lysine"
 * rowspan="2"|Mastered By Guy at the Exchange
 * align="center" |2003
 * "Cabasa"
 * align="center" |2006
 * "Alphabet Series: M"
 * non-album single
 * Tomlab
 * align="center" |2008
 * "Will Get Fooled Again"
 * Parallax Error Beheads You
 * Domino
 * align="center" |2020
 * "Pets" (featuring David Liebe Hart)
 * non-album single
 * David Liebe Hart Ministries
 * }
 * "Will Get Fooled Again"
 * Parallax Error Beheads You
 * Domino
 * align="center" |2020
 * "Pets" (featuring David Liebe Hart)
 * non-album single
 * David Liebe Hart Ministries
 * }
 * }

Remixes

 * {|class="wikitable"

! width="33"|Year ! width="215"|Remixed track ! width="230"|Released on ! width="150"|Artist(s)
 * align="center"| 1998
 * "Helicon 2"
 * Kicking a Dead Pig: Mogwai Songs Remixed
 * Mogwai
 * align="center" rowspan="2"| 2000
 * "Dandy"
 * Kid 606 and Friends Volume 1
 * Kid606
 * "Wow"
 * "Wow"
 * Janek Schaefer
 * 2001
 * "Lilypad"
 * Altered and Proud
 * Ruby
 * align="center" rowspan="2"| 2002
 * "Long Distance"
 * "Long Distance"
 * Turin Brakes
 * "Whindie"
 * Whindie
 * Ambulance
 * align="center" rowspan="3"| 2004
 * "Alone, Together"
 * "All Hail The Black Emperor"
 * The Strokes
 * "The Owls Go"
 * A Commemorative Keepsake
 * Architecture in Helsinki
 * "Mein Nehi Jana"
 * "Mein Nehi Jana"
 * Future Pilot AKA
 * align="center" rowspan="2"| 2005
 * "Decent Days and Nights"
 * "Decent Days and Nights"
 * The Futureheads
 * "The Effect on Me"
 * "The Effect on Me"
 * Mint Royale
 * align="center" rowspan="2"| 2006
 * "Do You Want To"
 * "The Fallen"
 * Franz Ferdinand
 * "I'm with Stupid"
 * "I'm with Stupid"
 * Pet Shop Boys
 * align="center" rowspan="3"| 2007
 * "Fledermaus Can't Get It"
 * "Fledermaus Can't Get It"
 * Von Südenfed
 * "Hold Music"
 * Like It or Not
 * Architecture in Helsinki
 * "Bullets"
 * "Bullets"
 * Tunng
 * align="center"| 2008
 * "Enough About Human Rights"
 * (forthcoming)
 * Moondog
 * align="center"| 2021
 * "Soft Landing"
 * Apple vs. 7G
 * A. G. Cook
 * }
 * "Hold Music"
 * Like It or Not
 * Architecture in Helsinki
 * "Bullets"
 * "Bullets"
 * Tunng
 * align="center"| 2008
 * "Enough About Human Rights"
 * (forthcoming)
 * Moondog
 * align="center"| 2021
 * "Soft Landing"
 * Apple vs. 7G
 * A. G. Cook
 * }
 * Apple vs. 7G
 * A. G. Cook
 * }
 * }

Other appearances

 * {|class="wikitable"

! width="33"|Year ! width="230"|Title ! width="230"|Appears on ! width="60"|Label
 * align="center"| 2000
 * "Commando (Defghi Otto)" (The Monsoon Bassoon cover)
 * Wall of Suss #2 (split 7-inch with The Monsoon Bassoon)
 * Weird Neighbourhood
 * align="center"| 2000
 * "Coppice Lament"
 * No Division
 * Mind Horizon
 * align="center"| 2000
 * "Five Minutes, Five Seconds" (Kid606 vs. Max Tundra)
 * Kid606 and Friends Vol. 1
 * Tigerbeat6
 * align="center"| 2001
 * "Runaround"
 * Fresh Fruit
 * Lo Recordings
 * align="center"| 2001
 * "Typify Dialup Toll Amateurishness (Fuck Coldplay)"
 * Freakbitchlickfly
 * Violent Turd
 * align="center"| 2001
 * "The Bill" (cover of "Overkill" by Andy Pask and Charlie Morgan)
 * Tigerbeat6 Inc.
 * Tigerbeat6
 * align="center"| 2002
 * "Theme From "My Place In the Universe""
 * TARPOP1
 * Tar100mg
 * align="center"| 2002
 * "Life In a Lift Shaft"
 * House of Stairs Vol 1: Useless In Bed
 * House of Stairs
 * align="center"| 2007
 * "A Truce"
 * David Shrigley's Worried Noodles
 * Tomlab
 * align="center"| 2009
 * "Playboy" (Hot Chip cover)
 * Blood on the Tracks
 * Domino
 * align="center"| 2010
 * "Will Bleed Amen" (featuring Sarah Measures) (Cardiacs cover)
 * Leader of the Starry Skies: A Tribute to Tim Smith, Songbook 1
 * Believers Roast
 * align="center"| 2013
 * "Fold 11"
 * The Exquisite Corpse Game
 * Believers Roast
 * align="center"| 2021
 * "Rubberneck" (featuring Arca)
 * Kick III
 * XL
 * align="center"| 2022
 * "Long-Tail Limbo"
 * Wow I Might Refer To This As Tooting: The Trombone Champ Soundtrack Collection Vol. 1
 * Holy Wow
 * }
 * "Fold 11"
 * The Exquisite Corpse Game
 * Believers Roast
 * align="center"| 2021
 * "Rubberneck" (featuring Arca)
 * Kick III
 * XL
 * align="center"| 2022
 * "Long-Tail Limbo"
 * Wow I Might Refer To This As Tooting: The Trombone Champ Soundtrack Collection Vol. 1
 * Holy Wow
 * }
 * Holy Wow
 * }
 * }

title: Max Tundra


text:
Pimay

Pimay was an ancient Egyptian prince, son of pharaoh Shoshenq III, who served as a Great Chief of the Ma during his father's reign.

Identity
While it was traditionally assumed that Pimay succeeded his father, newer archaeological evidence uncovered by Aidan Dodson in 1993 established that a new Tanite dynasty 22 king named Shoshenq IV actually succeeded Shoshenq III. Pimay was a different man from king Pami of the 22nd Dynasty because the orthography and translation of their respective names are different. While the name Pami reads as "The Cat" in Egyptian, the name Pimay translates as "The Lion". King Pami's name was mistakenly transcribed into Pimay by past historians based on the common (and now erroneous) view that he was Shoshenq III's son and successor. Moreover, if Pimay did indeed outlive his father, he should have succeeded his father as king rather than the obscure Shoshenq IV who is not attested as a son of Shoshenq III in contemporary historical sources. Consequently, it seems certain that Shoshenq III outlived all of his sons through his nearly 4 decade long reign. Pimay, hence, likely predeceased his father.

It is possible that Pimay also was a governor at Sais in the Western Nile Delta, as suggested by a statue group dedicated by him which was rediscovered in that city. If so, he was an indirect predecessor of the Great Chief of the Ma Osorkon C, who in turn was succeeded by the future pharaoh of the 24th Dynasty, Tefnakht.

title: Pimay


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Tuggeranong Town Centre

Tuggeranong Town Centre is the town centre of the district of Tuggeranong in the Australian Capital Territory. It is located on the south-western side of Lake Tuggeranong and composed of a large two-storey mall called South.Point Tuggeranong, as well as smaller shopping complexes, the Homeworld, and Tuggeranong Shopping Square, and many other buildings and shops. It is also the location of the Tuggeranong Interchange, a youth centre, a bowling alley, Tuggeranong Skate Park, the Tuggeranong Arts Centre and Lake Tuggeranong College. Much of its architecture is noticeably Postmodern, infused with classical features such as prominent red roofs and a clock tower, as well as distinctive features such as one large round window each on most sides of the library.

History
In the 1970s the National Capital Development Commission recommended that the service trades area of the Tuggeranong Town Centre and Mitchell be given priority over Jerrabomberra and West Belconnen. Preliminary work on the Tuggeranong Town Centre was done by architect Dirk Bolt.

title: Tuggeranong Town Centre