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Talk:Sapelo Island

Untitled
Salepo Island is not one of the Golden Isles, according to most sources. I'll try to find out. Bubba73 15:01, August 20, 2005 (UTC)

RJR
RJ Renoylds himself died in 1918, so the island was owned either by his estate or the company. Bubba73 (talk) 19:47, 17 September 2005 (UTC)

Photos
I will snap some photos when I am there next weekend, is it just me or is the template at the bottom ugly and messy CuBiXcRaYfIsH 06:42, 26 December 2005 (UTC)

Free photos
Free photos of Sapelo Island here. Badagnani (talk) 19:32, 21 May 2008 (UTC)

Extensive history source in Behavior Cemetery NRHP document
This source provides an extensive history of the island:

-- do ncr  am  18:00, 27 January 2017 (UTC)

Evaluation
The article has a good lead section that describes the geographical aspects of the island as well as its historical significance as the last known Gullah community. The content of the article does not seem to be very up to date thought the content as a whole is relevant—such as including a discussion of the Hog Hammock community. The tone and balance is overall professional and respectful, with multiple viewpoints being represented, and without strong one-sided arguments. The sources and references could be updated to be more current and the list of references is not as thorough as it could be. Although the article draws from multiple references, citations could be more frequent and maybe pulled from better quality sources. The article is organized well with a few major topic sections and the article is fairly well-written in an objective manner. With regards to image and media, the pictures are captioned concisely (perhaps a little bit too much so). The images are laid out okay, but do not add too much to the article and could be changed to reflect more recent and important aspects of Sapelo Island or its history. The talk page discussion is very minimal and seemingly off-topic with small notes by the author that never seem to have been fully addressed. Overall, the article is a good introduction into Sapelo Island that could be better researched and more thorough, but does still provide basic information about the locale. Although underdeveloped, the framework of the article is a strength that editing could greatly improve.Navenp (talk) 17:43, 2 September 2021 (UTC)

saving this community
I like to give my opinion on saving this community. Outrageous when there doing. 174.247.208.185 (talk) 08:32, 8 December 2023 (UTC)

PBS America Reframed
I became aware of this island watching a PBS America refrained episode. I don't see it listed in the sea also's. It was a wonderful hour and a half documentary featuring many minutes of interviews with Cornelia Walker Bailey. It aired on Iowa PBS world today winter solstice 2023 Genemac110 (talk) 03:31, 22 December 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sapelo Island


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Polish Fighting Team

The Polish Fighting Team (PFT) (Polski Zespół Myśliwski), also known as "Skalski's Circus" (Cyrk Skalskiego), was a Polish unit which fought alongside the British Commonwealth Desert Air Force in the North African Campaign of World War II, during 1943. Its nickname was derived from its commanding officer, F/Lt Stanisław Skalski.

History
In late 1942 Polish Air Force Staff Command requested RAF permission to send a group of specially chosen pilots to the North African theatre of operations to acquire experience in operating as a part of a tactical air force in preparation for future Allied landings on the European continent.

Volunteers had to be experienced (with at least 30 operation missions completed) and some 70 volunteers were considered before 15 pilots were chosen for the operational tour of 3 months.

Formed at Northolt on 5 February 1943 as the Polish Fighting Team, initial preparations for overseas service took place at RAF West Kirby, and the unit embarked on 24 February, arriving in Tunisia on 13 March 1943.

The team was initially attached as 'C' flight, to No. 145 Squadron RAF of flying ace S/L Lance Wade (another non-Commonwealth enlistee), equipped with the Spitfire Mk V and operating from Bou Grara Airfield, 150 miles west of Tripoli.

Commencing operations on 18 March the unit gained an immediate reputation for combat effectiveness. The unit re-equipped with the Spitfire Mark IX in late March.

Flying officer Mieczysław Wyszkowski was the only casualty in the PFT, shot down and taken prisoner-of-war on 18 April. Following the surrender of the German Army in Africa on 13 May, the PFT was disbanded.

Three pilots stayed on and became part of Desert Air Force units; Skalski became Commanding officer (CO) of No. 601 Squadron, Horbaczewski CO of No. 43 and Drecki a Flight Commander in No. 152.

Locations

 * 13 March 1943 - Bou Grara Airfield
 * 11 April 1943 - La Fauconnerie Airfield (64 km inland from Sfax)
 * 15 April 1943 - Goubrine Airfield
 * 6 May 1943 - Hergla Airfield
 * 20 May 1943 - Ben Gardane Airfield

Squadron equipment

 * 15 March 1943 - Supermarine Spitfire F. Vb Tropicalised and Vc (inter alia: AB168, ER539 -7)
 * 23 March - 26 May 1943 - Supermarine Spitfire F. IXc (inter alia: EN261 -10, EN267 -5, EN268 -7, EN286 -8, EN300 -9, EN315 -6, EN361 -3, EN459 -1)

Personnel

 * F/Lt Stanisław Skalski (CO) (claimed 3-1-0)
 * F/Lt Waclaw Król (2i/c) (3-0-0)
 * F/O Bohdan Arct (1-1-2)
 * F/O Wladyslaw Drecki (1-0-1)
 * F/O Eugeniusz Horbaczewski (5-0-0)
 * F/O Jan Kowalski
 * F/O Ludwik Martel (1-1-1)
 * F/O Karol Pniak
 * F/O Kazimierz Sporny (3-0-0)
 * F/O Mieczyslaw Wyszkowski (POW on April 18) (0-1-0)
 * W/O Marcin Machowiak (1-0-2)
 * W/O Wladyslaw Majchrzyk (1-0-1)
 * W/O Bronislaw Malinowski (2-0-1)
 * W/O Mieczyslaw Popek (2-0-1)
 * W/O Kazimierz Sztramko(3-0-0)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Polish Fighting Team


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Kanowit

Kanowit (Malay: Pekan Kanowit) is a town and the capital of Kanowit District, Sibu Division, Sarawak, Malaysia, comprising 2,253.5 square kilometres. As of 2010, Kanowit's population is 28,985. It is built on the mouth of Kanowit River at the bank of Rajang River, approximately 174 kilometers from the coast of South China Sea. It takes 45 minutes to reach the town by land transport and an hour by boat from Sibu. The main ethnic groups are Iban, Chinese, Malay, and Melanau.

The town takes its name from the Kanowit, a Melanau ethnic group called Rajang by the Ibans (ISO 639-3: kxn). The language is still spoken by the Kanowit people living in the area.

The village where the Kanowit people live is known as Kampung Bedil, a short trip by boat up the Rajang River from Kanowit town.

Etymology
The name "Kanowit" is derived from the name of the earliest ethnic group settling along the Kanowit River. The ethnic group adopted similar culture as the Melanau ethnic group. Therefore, they are often called as the "Melanau of Kanowit". Their languages is classified as the languages related to the people from Oya, Mukah, and Matu District. They had their own social rankings: aristocrats, middle class, and slaves. Their houses were 40 foot tall, although such houses no longer exists today. They were well known of their basketry which were sold in the Kanowit Bazaar (market).

History
In 1846, Phlegethon ship commanded by Captain Rodney Mundy and James Brooke sail up the Rajang River to combat Dayak piracy that frequently threatened the borders of Sarawak (Kuching area). On 29 June, Rodney and James arrived at Kanowit and their first contact with the "Kanowit" people there was peaceful. In 1851, Fort Emma was built by the Brookes although Kanowit was still under the control of Bruneian empire. The fort was named after the sister of James Brooke, Emma Brooke. Emma Brooke was also the mother of the second Rajah of Sarawak, Charles Anthony Brooke. In 1853, James Brooke was able to take over Rajang River and its surrounding settlements from the Brunei Sultanate. Fort Emma offered protection against Dayak piracy along the Rajang River. Therefore, Hokkien Chinese from Singapore and Fujian province of China came to settle in Kanowit during the 1870s, while Sibu was still a small Malay village at that time. Chinese traders from Singapore brought clothes, jars, salt, and other daily necessities in exchange for rattan, hides of wild cattle, camphor, rhinoceros horns, and monkeys gall stones. The Cantonese people later arrived in the 1880s. They were involved in timber exports. The Fuzhounese arrived here from Sibu in 1910. Besides, Malay villages also established just immediate south to the fort. In 1883, Father Edmund Dunn of St Joseph College, Mill Hill, England, established the first Roman Catholic Mission headquarters at Kanowit. The missionary at that time worked almost exclusively amongst the Iban people In 1885, St Francis Xavier Church was built. The church was demolished in 1967 to pave the way for new modern building construction. Later a mission hospital and a primary school was built. A boat to bring emergency cases to Sibu was provided.

In June 1859, Syarif Masahor, together with a "Kanowit" leader named "Sawing", and a number of Malay chiefs killed two Brooke government officials, Charles Fox and Henry Steele. In 1906, a peacemaking ceremony was performed between Kana and Iban tribes here.

During the last years of the Japanese occupation, the Kanowit bazaar was looted and burnt to the ground by some natives. In 1951, as the Korean War broke out, the Kanowit bazaar was overflowing with rubber sheets due to rise in rubber prices. However, on 8 November 1951, the bazaar was burnt to the ground in a large fire. Construction of the shophouses was restarted from 1952 to 1953. However, several owners were unable to pay the mortgages owed to Chartered Bank in Sibu due to low collapsing rubber prices.

In the 1970s, there were 48 shophouses in Kanowit, lying parallel to the Kanowit River. There was also a market, churches, a hospital, a moving picture theatre (named Capital Theatre), a jetty, government offices, government resident quarters, a government clinic, and a community hall. The Chinese were settled near the banks of the Rajang River. There were no roads that enter the town. Therefore, the Rajang River is the only mode of transport for people to travel to other towns.

Government

The town of Kanowit is the capital of the Kanowit District. The Kanowit district is administered by a District officer, an assistant officer, administrative officers, treasurer, clerks, and other office employees. Kanowit District Council was first known as Kanowit Sea Dayak Local Authority when it was established in 1949. In 1957, the council name was changed to its present name. Julau was previously a sub-district under the jurisdiction of the Kanowit District. In 1973, Julau was upgraded into a district and put under the administration of Sarikei Division. In the 1960s, there were 24 democratically elected representatives in the Kanowit District Council. The Kanowit District was in turn put under the jurisdiction of the Third Division of Sarawak (also known as Sibu Division today). In the 1970s, the Kanowit government secondary school was the only secondary school apart from Sibu in the Rajang basin.

Geography

Kanowit is located at 105 mi miles from the sea, near the Rajang River. Although the Rajang flows from east to west in its general course of direction, the river is flowing from south to north in Kanowit, with the Kanowit river entering Rajang south to north. The part of Rajang River near Kanowit is 0.5 mi wide. The town of Kanowit is located in the north-south direction.

The area around Kanowit contains mostly tertiary stage of Paleozoic rocks such as sandstones, greywicks, siltstone, shales, and slate. During the Peneplanation and Jerudong cycles, the erosions of the hills in the central Rajang basin has reduced their elevations to 200 to 300 feet, when compared to 3,000 to 5,000 feet mountains located near the Sarawak-Kalimantan border. The riverbanks at Kanowit are below sea level; therefore, Kanowit is subject to frequent flooding during periods of monsoon seasons. There are three types of soils in the Kanowit area: acid yellow soils found in the mountainous areas, podsols derived from sandy material at the moderately high terrains, and alluvial deposits at the flood plain areas.

Climate
Kanowit has a tropical rainforest climate (Af) with heavy to very heavy rainfall year-round.

Demographics
The total population in the Kanowit Bazaar (market) in 1960 was 1,555. It increased by 13% to 1,720 in August 1970, where 72.7% of them were Chinese and 18.1% were the Malays. Among the Chinese, Hokkien accounted for 48.8% of the population, followed by Cantonese (21.4%), and Fuzhounese (20.1%). The Iban people made up 6.5% of the population in the Kanowit bazaar. Outside the Kanowit bazaar, the Iban people were the majority. Some Malay families may raise or adopt children from other races. Therefore, names such as "Abdul Chen" and "Aminah Lim" may appear. All the ethnic groups in the Kanowit Bazaar only started arriving in the last 200 years. The "Kanowit" ethnic group, where the town is named after them, is known to be the earliest inhabitants along the Kanowit River. Few of the "Kanowit" people still staying in Kampung Bedil today. The Kampung Bedil has about 40 houses with a population of 200 in the year 2015.

Languages
In the 1970s, there were seven widely spoken languages in Kanowit: English, Malay, Iban, Mandarin, Hokkien, Fuzhounese, and Cantonese. About 30% of the population at that time speak English. 90% of the population in Kanowit can speak Iban, including 70 to 80% of the Chinese. Meanwhile, 18% of the Kanowit people spoke Malay. Hokkien was the most widely spoken Chinese dialect in Kanowit during the 1970s. At that time, 48.8% of the Chinese spoke Hokkien, 40 to 50% of the Chinese spoke Fuzhounese, and 90% of the Chinese spoke Mandarin. Most of the Kanowit population was able to converse in more than one languages.

Religions
In the 1970s, 21% of the Kanowit bazaar population was Christians while 19% of the population was Muslims. Meanwhile, 60% of the population was devoted to other religions.

Economy
Kanowit acts as a middleman of trade between the town of Sibu and people from the interior of the Rajang River. Kanowit exports rural agricultural products to the outside world. At the same time, manufactured goods from the outside world are imported for daily use by the Kanowit residents. Among the items available for trade in the Kanowit bazaar are: hill rice, vegetables, chicken, pigs, fish, and fresh-water shrimp. Rubber and pepper are also cultivated in Kanowit. Kanowit also produces rubber and black pepper. Before 1970s, Kanowit acted as a transshipment centre for timbers coming from the Rajang upriver. After the freeze of new timber licenses in the 1970s, the effect of timber on the local economy has been reducing. Majority of the businesses in Kanowit were retail grocery businesses. Other business were: tailors, coffeshops, hairdressers, and food stalls.

Local Bus
Fee of local bus is only RM1, but bus service is not frequently.

Water
Express boats from Kanowit can reach Sibu in one and a half hours.

Education
The town has two primary schools:

 * Sekolah Rendah Kebangsaan St. Francis Xavier (the earliest primary school in Sarawak, founded in 1883)
 * Sekolah Rendah Kebangsaan Yee Ting, a Chinese-run government school

and three secondary schools:
 * Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Kanowit
 * Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Datuk Haji Abdul Rahman Yakub
 * Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Nanga Dap

Attractions and recreational spots
The town center consists of three streets of 1930s vintage Chinese shophouses, near the waterfront. A few new shophouses have been built. Kanowit have a dry and wet market, offering local vegetables, meats and handicrafts. The market opens everyday from 7am till 12 noon. The biggest supermarket is Hock Tong Seng. During periods of celebration, the local karaoke can often be heard from far away with the pounding basslines of 80s hits in English, Malay and Chinese.

The best sight seeing can be had by walking along the riverside from town or up the Telecom Hill or Bukit Memaluh Hill.

title: Kanowit


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Loftus Versfeld Stadium

Loftus Versfeld Stadium is a rugby union and Association football stadium situated in the suburb of Arcadia, city of Pretoria in the Gauteng province of South Africa. The stadium can accommodate 51,762 spectators.

The stadium is the home ground of the Bulls franchise of the United Rugby Championship,Blue Bulls union in South Africa's Currie Cup and African Football league champions Mamelodi Sundowns It also hosted the 2009 Super 14 Final which the Bulls won 61–17 against the Waikato Chiefs, and the 2009 Currie Cup final, which the Bulls won 36–24 against the Free State Cheetahs.

Also, the South Africa national rugby union team has played several test matches at the Loftus Versfeld Stadium. They played New Zealand in 1970, 1996, 1999, 2003 and 2006, Australia in 1967, 1997, 2001, 2005, 2010, 2012 and 2023, England in 1994, 2000 and 2007, and Ireland in 1998 and 2024.

In June 2010, the stadium hosted opening round games and one game of the round of 16 of the 2010 FIFA World Cup.

The stadium is located at an altitude of 1,350m above sea level.

History
The stadium was named after Robert Loftus Owen Versfeld, the founder of organised sports in Pretoria. Through the years the stadium has undergone various name changes as sponsors came and went, though locals have always referred to the stadium as Loftus. From 11 June 1998 to 4 February 2003 the stadium was officially named Minolta Loftus after Minolta became the stadium's name sponsor. Sponsorship was taken over by security giant Securicor, who announced the name Securicor Loftus on 5 February 2003. On 1 September 2005 the renaming process went full circle when cellular provider Vodacom, taking over sponsorship from Securicor, renamed the stadium back to the original Loftus Versfeld.

The site of the stadium was first used for sports in 1906, and the field was simply called the Eastern Sports Ground. The first concrete structure was erected there by the City Council in 1923. The original structure could only accommodate 2000 spectators and did not have proper sports facilities.

In 1928, mostly because of the All Blacks tour to South Africa that year, the Pretoria sub-union made a large profit which they used to erect changing rooms and toilets.

When Mr Loftus Versfeld died suddenly in May 1932 the Pretoria sub-union renamed the Eastern Sports Ground after him as a tribute. The stadium has been known as Loftus Versfeld Stadium ever since. It has been upgraded on several occasions, most recently in 1984, when the Northern Pavilion received an upgrade.

1995 Rugby World Cup
Loftus hosted some matches during the 1995 Rugby World Cup.

2009 FIFA Confederations Cup
Loftus Versfeld was one of the venues for the 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup. It hosted the Group B matches: USA vs. Italy, USA vs. Brazil and Brazil vs. Italy.

2010 FIFA World Cup
Minimal upgrading was undertaken in order for Loftus Versfeld to qualify as a venue for first and second round matches for the 2010 FIFA World Cup. The floodlights, sound system, scoreboards and stadium roof were improved, as roads and parking facilities around it. While expected to be finished in August 2008, renovation was completed in January 2009.

Concerts
The stadium has hosted many musical events including concerts by UB40 and Robbie Williams' Close Encounters Tour on 17 April 2006 with an attendance of over 60,000. Canadian superstar Celine Dion also performed as part of her Taking Chances Tour a two-night stand at the stadium on 16 and 17 February 2008 with a total attendance of about 80,000.

For the 1999 staging of Verdi's Aida, a cast of 100's (locally selected extras) formed the backing for international musicians and singers.

Boxing
On 20 October 1979, South African heavyweight boxer Gerrie Coetzee challenged the unbeaten American heavyweight John Tate for the vacant WBA World Heavyweight title in front of a crowd of 80,000 people. Despite massive support within the stadium Coetzee lost on points to the American. Expensive ring side seats for spectators were laid out flat on the rugby pitch, while fans seated on the stadium's (backward) steel pavilions had to do with binoculars to follow the action.

Cricket
Between 1956 and 1959 six first-class cricket matches were played at the stadium.

title: Loftus Versfeld Stadium


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User talk:Bigboehmboy

Bigboehmboy (Matthew Boehm) is a resident of McLean, Virginia and attends McLean High school. His blog can be found here. He is currently continuing his education. His hobbies include Computers and Theatre, and he aspires to specialize in the fields of either engineering or computer science.

Blocked
Since Wikipedia is communism, the government has imposed a 24-hour block upon you, comrade. Enjoy your socialist vacation! - Lucky 6.9 03:55, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

Unblocked per your polite request. Anyone who reads Ayn Rand sure isn't a communist IMO! :) - Lucky 6.9 19:24, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:Plumkey.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Plumkey.jpg. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is therefore unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the media also doesn't have a copyright tag then you must also add one. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then you can use GFDL to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media qualifies as fair use, please read fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other media, please check that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Nv8200p talk 22:58, 10 February 2006 (UTC)

Photoret
A proposed deletion template has been added to the article Photoret, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but this article may not satisfy Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and the deletion notice should explain why (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page. Also, please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, the article may still be deleted if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria or it can be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. If you agree with the deletion of the article, and you are the only person who has made substantial edits to the page, please add  to the top of Photoret. Bearian (talk) 22:35, 28 February 2008 (UTC)

Nomination of Parallel Novel for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Parallel Novel is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Parallel Novel until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Gamaliel ( talk ) 17:28, 28 November 2013 (UTC)

title: User talk:Bigboehmboy


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List of India ODI cricketers

A One Day International (ODI) is an international cricket match between two representative teams, each having ODI status, as determined by the International Cricket Council (ICC). An ODI differs from Test matches in that the number of overs per team is limited, and that each team has only one innings.

India played their first ODI in 1974 and a total of 255 players have represented the team. Since 1974 India has played 1,055 ODIs, resulting in 559 victories, 443 defeats, 9 ties and 44 no results. India's first series victory came against England in 1981, winning 2–1. India won the Cricket World Cup twice in 1983 and 2011 and was runner-up in 2003 and 2023. India won the ICC Champions Trophy in the year 2013 and had earlier shared once with Sri Lanka in 2002 because rain washed out the attempt to complete the final twice. India was also runner-up in 2000. India have won the Asia Cup (in ODI format) a total of seven times in 1984, 1988, 1990, 1995, 2010, 2018 and 2023.

Sachin Tendulkar is the youngest debutant at the age of 16 years and 238 days and Farokh Engineer is the oldest debutant at the age of 36 years and 138 days. Anil Kumble is the leading wicket taker with 337 wickets to his name, and Sachin Tendulkar is the leading run scorer with 18,426 runs to his name from 452 innings at an average of 44.83. Tendulkar holds the record for playing the most ODI matches played (463). He also holds the world record number of Man of the Match awards. Rohit Sharma's score of 264 against Sri Lanka in November 2014 is the highest number of runs scored by any player in an ODI. Sourav Ganguly's 183 against Sri Lanka is the highest number of runs scored by an Indian Cricketer in a Cricket World Cup match.

Players
The list is arranged in the order in which each player won his first ODI cap. Where more than one player won his first ODI cap in the same match, those players are listed alphabetically by last name at the time of debut. The statistics in this table only include ODI matches played for India (some players have also played for the Asia XI or World XI).

Statistics are correct as of 21 December 2023.

Notes:
 * 1 Anil Kumble, Sourav Ganguly, Harbhajan Singh, Zaheer Khan, Yuvraj Singh, Ashish Nehra and Mahendra Singh Dhoni also played ODI cricket for ACC Asian XI. Only their records for India are given above.
 * 2 Rahul Dravid and Virender Sehwag have played ODI cricket for both the ICC World XI and the ACC Asian XI. Only their records for India are given above.

Captains
A total of 27 players have captained the Indian ODI team.

title: List of India ODI cricketers


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Requests for comment/Keetoowah

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was speedy keep. Barring exceptional circumstances, we don't delete certified RfCs, and exceptional circumstances don't get run through VfD. --Carnildo 05:54, 21 August 2005 (UTC)

Requests for comment/Keetoowah
This page is nothing more than a libelous personal attack on another Wikipedian by an anon user. The page attacks Keetoowah's racial identity and the anon user is making his comments based upon no evidence or personal experience with Keetoowah. The page fulfills no purpose other than to attack Keetoowah personally. It is libelous. Keetoowah 15:04, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Fixed link title. Keep--we don't delete RFCs. Please be aware of No legal threats. Meelar (talk) 15:17, August 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy Keep -- we don't VfD RFCs. If they don't get certified, they go away; if they get certified, they go through the process.  Antandrus  (talk) 15:25, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and Reopen -- This is demostrating the exact type of behavior that led to the Rfc in the first place. -- This vote by User:Gorgonzilla Please sign your votes.
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Soma Visontai

Soma Visontai (1854–1925) was Hungarian lawyer and deputy.

Visontai was born in Gyöngyös on 9 November 1854 as Soma Weinberger, the son of Albert Weinberger and Julianna Schweitzer. He was educated at Budapest, where he changed his name in 1881 and became an attorney in 1882. While still a student he attracted much attention by his papers on political economy in the scientific journals of Hungary, and he also edited the Vasút. He became widely known as a pleader in 1890, when he successfully defended the editor of the Zasztava, the leader of the radical wing of the Serbians in Hungary, in a trial for political murder. As a mark of gratitude, the people of Neusatz, being Serbian sympathizers, elected Visontai in 1892 to the Hungarian Parliament as a supporter of Kossuth; and since 1899 he represented his native town, Gyöngyös, in Parliament. He was an eminent authority on criminal law and a member of the board of examiners for admission to the bar; and he prepared a large portion of the preliminary drafts for the criminal code.

title: Soma Visontai


text:
Talk:Immunopathology

Vote for Deletion
This article survived a Vote for Deletion. The discussion can be found here. -Splash 06:51, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

Immunopathology?
I believe that the definition of "Immunopathology" given on this page is innaccurate. "Immunopathology", as defined by the source listed on the page ("Immunopathology of the Skin") is the use of immunohistochemical stains in surgical pathology, not the study of immune disorders. My understanding is that IPOX is now generally considered a tool of all surgical pathologists rather than a subspecialty in its own right. -RustavoTalk/Contribs 23:17, 17 April 2007 (UTC)

The current definition, as revised by Lissachome 17 October 07, has been in common use for at least a decade. When I was chatting with Nobel Laureate Rolf Zinkernagel last year at Karolinska, he admonished me for not using "Immunopathology" in this context. A hyperlink to the Medline definition cited by Lissachome would nevertheless firm up Lissachome's changes. Trevmar 00:57, 18 October 2007 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: The Microbiology of College Life
— Assignment last updated by Yp337 (talk) 20:14, 12 May 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Immunopathology


text:
József Vészi

József Vészi, (born: Joseph Weiss; November 6, 1858, Arad – January 23, 1940, Budapest) was a Hungarian writer, journalist, poet, translator, editor and deputy; born at Arad 6 November 1858, died 1940. He was educated at the gymnasium of his native town, and studied philosophy, literature, and languages at Budapest. In his early youth he was a poet, and in the 1870s his lyrical productions were accepted by the best literary periodicals, while two volumes of his verses were published at Budapest in 1880 under the titles A Bánat Dalaiból and Traviata, Dalok Egy Tévedt Nőhöz. Since 1877 he devoted himself to journalism, advocating liberal views. He was for some time editor of the Budapester Tagblatt, and contributed leaders and stories to the Pester Lloyd. In 1894, he became editor-in-chief of the Pesti Napló, and in 1896 he founded the Budapesti Napló.

Vészi was president of the journalistic club of Budapest, and vice-president of the picture salon and of the club of amateur musicians in that city. He was also master of the masonic lodge "Reform." In 1899, he was elected to the Hungarian Parliament from the district of Szászsebes (Sebeş); and in 1901, from the third district of the capital. He took an active interest in all Jewish affairs.

The most enduring feat of his career, however, was his discovery of new talent. He brought the poet Endre Ady to Budapest and secured both a livelihood and the possibility of publication for him; it was to Vészi’s daughter, Margit — later the wife of Ferenc Molnár — that Ady wrote the poem cycle Margita élni akar (Margitta Wants to Live; 1912); Vészi’s other daughter was married to the writer Lajos Bíró. Details of the autobiography of his granddaughter, Márta Molnár (poet György Sárközi’s wife), paint a lively picture of the colorful bourgeois Jewish salons in Budapest.

title: József Vészi


text:
Permanent Committees of the Pan-African Parliament

To help coordinate efforts in dealing with issues on the continent the Pan-African Parliament created ten permanent committees:

 * Committee on Rural Economy, Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment
 * Committee on Monetary and Financial Affairs
 * Committee on Trade, Customs and Immigration Matters
 * Committee on Cooperation, International Relations and Conflict Resolutions
 * Committee on Transport, Industry, Communications, Energy, Science and Technology
 * Committee on Health, Labour and Social Affairs
 * Committee on Education, Culture, Tourism and Human Resources
 * Committee on Gender, Family, Youths and People with Disabilities
 * Committee on Justice and Human Rights
 * Committee on Rules, Privileges and Discipline.


text:
Melt and pour

Melt and Pour soap crafting is a process often used by soapmakers, both for large scale (commercial) and small scale (domestic, artisanal) manufacture. Small scale artisan soap makers find "melt and pour" production useful when trying out new product lines. The process differs from the cold process or hot process in utilising a pre-manufactured solid soap base which has already undergone saponification, so the soap maker does not need to handle caustic alkali, i.e. lye.

Method
A commercially acquired "melt and pour" soap base is melted in a pan or commercial melting vessel, using direct heat, or in a water jacket melting pot, (large double boiler or "bain marie"), and re-solidifies as it cools. Domestically, a microwave oven can be used for melting small quantities of the base. Additions can be added at the still-hot liquid stage, such as fragrance, fragrant essential oils, moisturizing agents, colorants, or exfoliating agents, e.g. poppy seeds, coffee grounds or pumice, along with coloured micas, metallic glitter, honey and flower heads. The liquified concoction can be poured into individual molds, tray molds, or blocks. Molds are made of metal or, more commonly, from plastic or reinforced silicone rubber, allowing artisans to make their own molds using a two-part mold kit. Upon cooling, the soap can be removed from the molds as individual soaps, or as blocks for slicing into bars. Layers of different colors, or transparent layers, can be built up, or pre-cast embeddable soap shapes, called embeds, can be set into the soap during moulding to produce novel patterns. Melt and pour bases can be transparent or opaque, and are sometimes enriched with products like goat's milk or shea butter to add value. The small-scale process lends itself to bespoke manufacture; a single soap bar can be individually manufactured if desired.

Other considerations
Some soapmakers prefer "melt and pour" because the process is simple and safe, allowing the soapmaker to concentrate more on the aesthetic aspects of soap making. Because it avoids the need to handle lye, a hazardous and very caustic chemical, it is a hobby even children can enjoy under adult supervision. Unlike cold-processed soap, which requires a period of "curing" to allow saponification to complete and excess water to evaporate, the "melt and pour" process is completed once the base has cooled and hardened. The meltable base is usually naturally rich in glycerine, a by-product of saponification that has humectant and emollient properties, whereas commercial soap bars have often had this component removed. As with the rebatching method, it can be considered a misnomer to refer to the melt and pour process as soap making. The process has much in common with candle making using meltable wax which, using a similar process, can be scented, dyed, and shaped on a small or large scale of production.

Other processes used by soapers are cold process, hot process and rebatching.

title: Melt and pour


text:
Gloria Borger

Gloria Anne Borger (born September 22, 1952) is an American political pundit, journalist, columnist, and senior political analyst for CNN. Since joining CNN in 2007, she has appeared on a variety of their shows, including The Situation Room.

Borger was previously the national political correspondent for CBS News, where she appeared on Face the Nation and 60 Minutes II. From 2002 to 2004, Borger was co-anchor of CNBC's Capital Report. Prior to that, she was a contributing editor and columnist for U.S. News & World Report magazine. In 1979, Borger covered the Three Mile Island accident for Newsweek.

Early life and education
Borger was born on September 22, 1952, in New Rochelle, New York and grew up there. She attended New Rochelle High School, where she graduated in 1970. She then attended Colgate University in Hamilton, New York, where she graduated in 1974. She was born into a Jewish family, and her father owned an electrical distribution company named Borger's.

Awards and honors
In 2008, she was part of CNN's Peabody Award-winning coverage of the 2008 presidential primary campaigns and debates.

In 2011, Borger received an Emmy nomination for "The Odd Couple", which profiled attorneys David Boies and Theodore Olson.

In 2013, she was part of the team awarded a Primetime Emmy Award for "Outstanding Live Coverage" for CNN's 2012 election night coverage

In 2014, Borger received a National Headliners Award for program Marriage Warriors: Showdown at the Supreme Court, broadcast on CNN on March 13, 2013.

Personal life
Borger lives in Washington, D.C., with her husband, Lance Morgan, a public relations executive. She has two sons. Her son Evan is married to Mary Anne Huntsman, daughter of politician Jon Huntsman Jr.

title: Gloria Borger


text:
Ludwig Venetianer

Ludwig Venetianer (Venetianer Lajos) (May 19, 1867 in Kecskemét – November 25, 1922 in Újpest) was a Hungarian rabbi and writer.

Venetianer was born in Kecskemét. He studied at the rabbinical seminary and the University of Budapest, at the Jewish Theological Seminary (Breslau) and the University of Breslau, 1888–89 (Ph.D. 1890, Budapest). Receiving his diploma as rabbi from the Budapest University of Jewish Studies in 1892, he officiated as rabbi at Somogy-Csurgó from that year to 1895, holding at the same time the chair of Hungarian and German literatures at the Evangelical Reform Gymnasium of that city. In 1895 he was called to the rabbinate of Lugos, and in the following year to the rabbinate of Újpest near Budapest.

Literary works
Venetianer is the author of:
 * A Fokozatok Könyve, on the sources of Shem-Tov ibn Falaquera (Szeged, 1890)
 * A Felebaráti Szeretet a Zsidó Ethikában, on charity in Jewish ethics (Budapest, 1891)
 * Das Buch der Grade von Schemtob ibn Falaquera (Berlin, 1894)
 * Die Eleusinischen Mysterien im Jerusalemischen Tempel (Frankfurt am Main, 1897)
 * A Héber-Magyar Összehasonlitó Nyelvészet, a history of Hebrew-Hungarian philology (Budapest, 1898)
 * A Zsidóság Szervezete az Európai Államokban, a history of the Jewish communal constitution in Europe (ib. 1901)
 * A Magyar Zsidóság Szervezetéről, a work treating of the organization of the Jews in Hungary (ib. 1903)
 * A Zsidóság Eszméi és Tanai, a treatise on the conceptions and doctrines of Judaism (ib. 1904).
 * Ludwig Venetianer: Jüdisches im Christentum (Frankfurt am Main, 1913). Marianna Varga, Erinnerung an Ludwig Venetianer, Emlékezés Venetianer Lajosra, Tanulmány, Studie. Deutsch, Ungarisch. Peter W. Metzler Verlag (Duisburg, 2004) ISBN 978-3-936283-08-2
 * Ludwig Venetianer: Die Messiashoffnung des Judenthums, Vortrag (Wien, 1915), Peter W. Metzler Verlag, (Duisburg, 2006) ISBN 978-3-936283-09-9
 * Ludwig Venetianer: Die Messiashoffnung des Judentums, Vortrag (Wien, 1915), Peter W. Metzler Verlag, (Duisburg, 2010) ISBN 978-3-936283-11-2
 * Lajos / Ludwig Venetianer: Kossuth Lajos, Emlekbeszed, Gedenkansprache (Somogy Csurgói, 1894). 1848 Marczius 15., Ünnepi Beszed, Festansprache (Ujpest, 1898). Die Messiashoffnung des Judentums, Vortrag (Wien, 1915), Peter W. Metzler Verlag, (Duisburg, 2010) ISBN 978-3-936283-12-9

He has also contributed numerous articles to periodicals, including Egyenlőség, Társadalmi Lapok, Jahrbuch des Litteraturvereins, Pesti Napló, Magyar-Zsidó Szemle, Orientalistische Litteraturzeitung, Ethnographia, and Bloch's Festschrift (supplement to the Österreichische Wochenschrift); and he has published some sermons in Hungarian.

title: Ludwig Venetianer


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Krakow (disambiguation)

Kraków is a city in southern Poland.

Krakow or Kraków may also refer to:

Places

 * Kraków County, Poland, adjacent to the city of Kraków
 * Grand Duchy of Kraków (1846–1918), part of the Austrian Empire
 * Krakow am See, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany
 * Krakau, Saxony, known as Krakow in Sorbian, a former town in Germany
 * Krackow, Germany, known as Kraków in Polish, a municipality in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
 * Krąków, a village in central Poland
 * Krakow Township, Michigan, United States
 * Krakow, Missouri, United States
 * Krakow, Nebraska, United States
 * Krakow, Wisconsin, United States

Other uses

 * King Levinsky, born as Harris Kraków (1910–1991), American heavyweight boxer

title: Krakow (disambiguation)


text:
Leo Veigelsberg

Leó Veigelsberg (26 January 1839, in Frauenkirchen – 31 October 1907, in Budapest) was a Hungarian publicist.

Leó Veigelsberg was born at Frauenkirchen, Burgenland and was educated at Kiskőrös, Budapest, and Vienna. For a short time he taught in the Jewish public school in Kecskemét, where he wrote noteworthy political articles for several newspapers, especially the "Politik" of Prague; in 1867 he became a member of the editorial staff of the "Neuer Freier Lloyd," and in 1872 he became editor-in-chief of the Pester Lloyd. His political leaders, usually signed with two asterisks, always attracted great attention. His services as a publicist were recognized by Franz Joseph I, who conferred upon him the decoration of the Order of the Iron Crown (3rd class) on 9 July 1904.

His son Hugó Veigelsberg was a significant author of the subsequent generation.

title: Leo Veigelsberg


text:
Talk:Thebaid

Untitled
Can somebody make a disambig page for this? The term "Thebaid" refers to two different things: the region of Egypt and the epic poem written by Statius. Pontifexmaximus 15:08, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

 * In the Homer page, he is attribuated to have written the Thebaid also...? --Francisco Valverde 19:36, 24 April 2006 (UTC)

Ok. I will make the disambiguation page. Those are actually two different poems.15lsoucy (talk) 01:29, 8 June 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Thebaid


text:
Secret Origins

Secret Origins is the title of several comic book series published by DC Comics which featured the origin stories of the publisher's various characters.

Publication history
Secret Origins was first published as a one-shot in 1961 and contained only reprinted material. The title became an ongoing reprint series in February–March 1973 which ran for seven issues and ended in October–November 1974. The title was used on various compilations of origin stories, including Limited Collectors' Edition #C-39: Secret Origins Super-Villains (October–November 1975) and #C-45: More Secret Origins Super-Villains (June–July 1976) as well as DC Special Series #10 (1978) and 19 (Fall 1979). Its most well-known incarnation was a 50-issue series that ran from April 1986 to August 1990, plus three Annuals and one Special. Typically, an issue would clarify the Post-Crisis origins of a number of characters, usually two as most of the issues were double-sized, i.e. 48 pages. Roy Thomas was the initial writer/editorial consultant on the series; later issues were overseen by Mark Waid. Two more Specials followed in 1998 and 1999. In 2004, it returned to the all-reprint format with a Weird Secret Origins special featuring Doctor Fate, the Spectre, Animal Man, the Enchantress, Metamorpho, Congorilla, El Diablo, and the Bizarro World.

A new monthly incarnation focusing on characters in The New 52, launched in April 2014 with a June cover date. The first issue featured the origins of Superman, Supergirl and the Dick Grayson version of Robin. This series was cancelled as of issue #11 (May 2015) on sale in March 2015.

Characters featured in the 1986–1990 series

 * #1 (April 1986): The Golden Age Superman; this was intended as a tribute to the original version of the character, as the latter-day version of Superman was being concurrently introduced by John Byrne in the Man Of Steel miniseries; art by Golden Age Superman artist Wayne Boring and Jerry Ordway.
 * #2 (May 1986): The Blue Beetle, both the Dan Garrett and Ted Kord versions; art by Gil Kane.
 * #3 (June 1986): Captain Marvel credited by the Shazam! title; a retelling of the story from WHIZ Comics #2, albeit updated to the modern day. Much of this was changed in the Legends crossover. Thomas himself would retcon this some months later in SHAZAM! The New Beginning, all of which was changed again by Jerry Ordway in his graphic novel The Power of Shazam!.
 * #4 (July 1986): Firestorm (Ronnie Raymond).
 * #5 (August 1986): the original Crimson Avenger; art by Gene Colan.
 * #6 (September 1986): Halo of the Outsiders; the Golden Age Batman. This was the first double-sized issue.
 * #7 (October 1986): Guy Gardner; the Golden Age Sandman
 * #8 (November 1986): Shadow Lass; Doll Man.
 * #9 (December 1986): The original Star-Spangled Kid (Skyman) and Stripesy; the Golden Age Flash.
 * #10 (January 1987): The Phantom Stranger. This was a Legends tie-in that related four possible origins for the character; one by Mike Barr and Jim Aparo was a variation on the Wandering Jew myth, while another by Alan Moore and Joe Orlando postulated that the Stranger was a fallen angel.
 * #11 (February 1987): the Golden Age Hawkman; Power Girl. Both stories presented have since been retconned, with Power Girl's backstory having been redefined by Geoff Johns in the pages of JSA Classified, which served as part of the buildup to Infinite Crisis.
 * #12 (March 1987): The Challengers of the Unknown; Fury.
 * #13 (April 1987): Nightwing (art by Erik Larsen); Johnny Thunder and his Thunderbolt; the Whip.
 * #14 (May 1987): Suicide Squad. Another Legends tie-in, it served as a prequel to the later series and was written by that series' writer, John Ostrander.
 * #15 (June 1987): The Spectre; Deadman.
 * #16 (July 1987): Hourman; the Warlord; 'Mazing Man.
 * #17 (August 1987): Adam Strange; Doctor Occult.
 * #18 (September 1987): The Golden Age Green Lantern (Alan Scott); the Creeper.
 * #19 (October 1987): Uncle Sam; the Guardian.
 * #20 (November 1987): Batgirl; Doctor Mid-Nite.
 * #21 (December 1987): Jonah Hex; the Black Condor.
 * #22 (January 1988): the Manhunters. This was a tie-in with Millennium as was the subsequent issue, and aligned the various histories of the characters with the Manhunter name together.
 * #23 (February 1988): the Guardians of the Universe written by Todd Klein; the Floronic Man written by Rick Veitch.
 * #24 (March 1988): Doctor Fate; Blue Devil. Mark Waid became editor beginning with this issue.
 * #25 (April 1988): The Legion of Super-Heroes (now apocryphal); the Golden Age Atom.
 * #26 (May 1988): Black Lightning; Miss America.
 * #27 (June 1988): Zatanna, her father Zatara, and Doctor Mist.
 * #28 (July 1988): Midnight art by Gil Kane; Nightshade art by Rob Liefeld. Nightshade's origin doubled as an introduction/backdrop to a three-issue Suicide Squad story arc where she returned to her place of origin to save her brother.
 * #29 (August 1988): The Atom; the Red Tornado (Ma Hunkel; this was Sheldon Mayer's last comic book story); Mr. America (a.k.a. the Americommando).
 * #30 (September 1988): Plastic Man; the Elongated Man.
 * #31 (October 1988): The Justice Society of America. A full-length story, and Roy Thomas' last contribution to the series, excluding the Grim Ghost story in #42.
 * #32 (November 1988): The Justice League of America. In a full-length story by Keith Giffen and Peter David, the Justice League is formed by Green Lantern (Hal Jordan), the Flash (Barry Allen), Aquaman, the Martian Manhunter and the Black Canary. Superman and Batman were not founding members, and Wonder Woman's revised continuity precluded her from the same. The events depicted were later expanded upon in JLA: Year One and JLA: Incarnations.
 * #33 (December 1988): Fire, Ice and Mister Miracle. This and the subsequent two issues dealt with the members of Justice League International.
 * #34 (Winter 1988): Captain Atom, G'nort and Rocket Red.
 * #35 (Holiday 1988): Booster Gold, Maxwell Lord, and the Martian Manhunter rendered apocryphal by events and revelations in J'onn J'onnz' later solo series.
 * #36 (January 1989): Green Lantern (Hal Jordan) story by Jim Owsley; Poison Ivy story by Neil Gaiman.
 * #37 (February 1989): The Legion of Substitute Heroes; the original Doctor Light.
 * #38 (March 1989): The Green Arrow and Speedy.
 * #39 (April 1989): Animal Man story by Grant Morrison; the Man-Bat.
 * #40 (May 1989): The all-gorilla issue, spotlighting Congorilla, Detective Chimp, and Gorilla Grodd.
 * #41 (June 1989): The Flash's Rogues Gallery - the Weather Wizard, Heat Wave, the Trickster, the Pied Piper, Captain Boomerang and Captain Cold.
 * #42 (July 1989): Phantom Girl; the Gay Ghost/Grim Ghost.
 * #43 (August 1989): The original Hawk and Dove; Cave Carson; Chris KL-99.
 * #44 (September 1989): Clayface I, II, III and IV. This issue gave background information for a story arc that appeared in Detective Comics #604-607 entitled The Mud Pack.
 * #45 (October 1989): Blackhawk; El Diablo.
 * #46 (December 1989): The headquarters of the Silver Age Justice League of America (story by Grant Morrison), the New Titans' Titans Tower, and the 'rocketship clubhouse' of the Legion of Super Heroes. Arm Fall Off Boy makes his first appearance.
 * #47 (February 1990): Deceased Legionnaires Ferro Lad, Karate Kid and Chemical King.
 * #48 (April 1990): Ambush Bug, Stanley and His Monster, Rex the Wonder Dog, and the Trigger Twins.
 * #49 (June 1990): Bouncing Boy, the Newsboy Legion, and the Silent Knight.
 * #50 (August 1990): a 96-page last issue. This consisted of a prose retelling of Dick Grayson's first encounter with Batman by Dennis O'Neil and George Pérez; the first meeting of the Golden and Silver Age Flashes story by Grant Morrison; how Johnny Thunder (the western hero) came to be; the definitive history of the Black Canary; and the stories behind the Dolphin and the Space Museum.

Annuals and Specials

 * Annual #1 (1987): the Doom Patrol art by John Byrne; Captain Comet.
 * Annual #2 (1988): The second and third Flashes (Barry Allen and Wally West).
 * Annual #3 (1989): the Teen Titans. This was an anniversary tribute with contributions from George Pérez, Tom Grummett, Irv Novick, Dave Cockrum, Kevin Maguire and Colleen Doran. It also included five pages of Who's Who entries on Flamebird, the Golden Eagle, the Bumblebee, the Herald, the Antithesis and the Gargoyle.
 * Special #1 (1989): the Penguin by Alan Grant and Sam Kieth, the Riddler by Neil Gaiman, Matt Wagner and Bernie Mireault, and Two-Face by Mark Verheiden and Pat Broderick.

Additionally, there was a belated Secret Origins 80-Page Giant issued in 1998 (ISBN 1-56389-440-8), that focused on the members of Young Justice.

Secret Origins collected edition
Some issues of the second series were collected in a trade paperback along with other material and some original work in 1989 called Secret Origins, but the official title, as stated in the book's indicia, is given as Secret Origins of The World's Greatest Super-Heroes (ISBN 0930289501). The focus was on DC's major characters: the origins of the Justice League of America (from #32), the Flash (Barry Allen, from Secret Origins Annual #2); Green Lantern (Hal Jordan, from #36); J'onn J'onnz, the Martian Manhunter (from #35); and Superman (from The Man of Steel #6). There was also an all-new retelling of Batman's origins, Batman: The Man Who Falls, by Dennis O'Neil and Dick Giordano; this story later served as a cited inspiration for the 2005 film Batman Begins.
 * Showcase Presents: Blue Beetle includes Secret Origins #2 (Blue Beetle: Echoes Of Future Past!). 590 pages. January 2015.
 * Batman: The Greatest Stories Ever Told Vol. 2 includes Secret Origins #6 (The Secret Origin Of Batman). 208 pages. February 2007.
 * Batman: Legends Of The Dark Knight - Marshall Rogers includes Secret Origins #6 (The Secret Origin Of Batman). 484 pages. November 2011.
 * Last Days Of The Justice Society Of America includes Secret Origins #7 (The Secret Origin Of The Golden Age Sandman), #9 (The Secret Origin Of The Star-Spangled Kid And Stripesy & The Secret Origin Of The Golden Age Flash), #11 (The Secret Origin Of The Golden Age Hawkman), #13 (The Secret Origin Of Johnny Thunder), #15 (The Secret Origin Of The Spectre), #16 (The Secret Origin Of The Golden Age Hourman), #18 (The Secret Origin Of The Golden Age Green Lantern), #20 (The Secret Origin Of Dr. Mid-Nite), #24 (The Secret Origin Of Dr. Fate), #25 (The Secret Origin Of The Golden Age Atom) and #31 (The Secret Origin Of The Justice Society Of America). 336 pages. May 2017.
 * The Phantom Stranger Omnibus includes Secret Origins #10 (The Secret Origin Of The Phantom Stranger). 1248 pages. August 2023.
 * DC Universe by Alan Moore includes Secret Origins #10 (Footsteps). 464 pages. April 2013.
 * Nightwing: Old Friends, New Enemies includes Secret Origins #13 (The Secret Origin Of Nightwing). 156 pages. August 2013.
 * Suicide Squad: Trial By Fire includes Secret Origins #14 (The Secret Origin Of The Suicide Squad). 229 pages. February 2011.
 * Deadman Omnibus includes Secret Origins #15 (Death Like A Crown). 944 pages. December 2020.
 * Doom Patrol: The Bronze Age Omnibus includes Secret Origins Annual #1 (The Secret Origin Of The Doom Patrol). 1056 pages. November 2019.
 * The Flash: A Celebration Of 75 Years includes Secret Origins Annual #2 (The Unforgiving Minute). 480 pages. April 2015.
 * Justice League International Omnibus Vol. 3 includes Secret Origins #33, 34 and 35. 1448 pages. May 2024.
 * DC Universe by Neil Gaiman includes Secret Origins #36 (Pavane) and Secret Origins Special. 224 pages. October 2016.
 * Green Arrow: The Longbow Hunters Saga Omnibus Vol. 1 includes Secret Origins #38 (Sometimes A Fool Notion). 1527 pages. September 2020.
 * Animal Man: Origin Of The Species includes Secret Origins #39 (The Myth Of The Creation). 224 pages. July 2002.
 * JLA by Grant Morrison Omnibus includes Secret Origins #46 (Ghosts Of Stone). 1486 pages. November 2020.
 * Showcase Presents: Ambush Bug includes Secret Origins #48 (The Secret Origin Of Ambush Bug). 488 pages. March 2009.
 * Tales Of The Batman: Alam Brennert includes Secret Origins #50 (Unfinished Business). 187 pages. July 2016.

Characters featured in the 2014–15 series

 * #1 (June 2014): Superman, Robin (Dick Grayson), Supergirl
 * #2 (July 2014): Batman, Aquaman, Starfire
 * #3 (August 2014): Green Lantern (Hal Jordan), Batwoman (Kate Kane), Red Robin (Tim Drake)
 * #4 (September 2014): Harley Quinn, the Green Arrow, Damian Wayne
 * #5 (October 2014): Cyborg, the Red Hood (Jason Todd), Mera
 * #6 (December 2014): Wonder Woman, Deadman, Sinestro
 * #7 (January 2015): The Flash, the Huntress, Superboy
 * #8 (February 2015): Grayson, Animal Man, Katana
 * #9 (March 2015): The Swamp Thing, Power Girl, Green Lantern (John Stewart)
 * #10 (April 2015): Batgirl, Firestorm, Poison Ivy
 * #11 (May 2015): The Black Canary, Green Lantern (Guy Gardner), John Constantine

Collected editions 2014–15 series

 * Secret Origins Volume 1 - collects Secret Origins (vol. 3) #1-4 (Feb. 2015)
 * Secret Origins Volume 2 - collects Secret Origins (vol. 3) #5-11 (Aug. 2015)

Secret Origins of Super-Heroes
During 52, Weeks 12 through 51 featured two-page origins of various superheroes, written by Mark Waid. The origins featured were:

 * Week 12: Wonder Woman
 * Week 13: The Elongated Man
 * Week 14: Metamorpho
 * Week 15: Steel
 * Week 16: Black Adam
 * Week 17: Lobo
 * Week 18: The Question
 * Week 19: Animal Man
 * Week 20: Adam Strange
 * Week 22: Green Lantern
 * Week 23: Wildcat
 * Week 24: Booster Gold
 * Week 25: Nightwing
 * Week 26: Hawkman and Hawkgirl
 * Week 27: The Black Canary
 * Week 28: The Catman
 * Week 30: The Metal Men
 * Week 31: Robin
 * Week 32: The Blue Beetle
 * Week 33: The Martian Manhunter
 * Week 34: Zatanna
 * Week 36: Power Girl
 * Week 37: Firestorm the Nuclear Man
 * Week 38: The Red Tornado
 * Week 39: Mr. Terrific
 * Week 41: Starfire
 * Week 42: The Green Arrow
 * Week 43: Plastic Man
 * Week 46: Batman
 * Week 47: The Teen Titans
 * Week 48: The Birds of Prey
 * Week 49: The Justice Society of America
 * Week 51: The Justice League of America

Secret Origins of Super-Villains
Beginning with #37, each issue of Countdown featured the origins of a supervillain, written by Scott Beatty. The origins are:

 * #37: Poison Ivy
 * #36: Deathstroke the Terminator
 * #35: Parallax
 * #34: Lex Luthor
 * #33: The Riddler
 * #32: Eclipso
 * #31: The Joker
 * #30: General Zod
 * #29: The Penguin
 * #28: The Trickster and the Pied Piper
 * #27: Two-Face
 * #25: Killer Frost
 * #24: DeSaad
 * #23: Mr. Mxyzptlk
 * #22: Deadshot
 * #21: Granny Goodness
 * #20: Mr. Mind
 * #19: The Scarecrow
 * #18: Dr. Light
 * #17: The Monarch
 * #16: Sinestro
 * #15: Doomsday
 * #14: Gorilla Grodd
 * #13: The Cyborg Superman
 * #12: Circe
 * #11: Solomon Grundy
 * #10: Harley Quinn
 * #9: Black Manta
 * #8: Bizarro
 * #7: Bane
 * #6: Felix Faust
 * #5: Mr. Freeze
 * #4: Ra's al Ghul
 * #3: Amazo
 * #2: Darkseid

Super Friends
In the Challenge of the Super Friends episode "Secret Origins of the Super Friends", the Legion of Doom learn of the Secret Origins of Superman, Wonder Woman and Green Lantern. This was the second of three times during the course of the Super Friends animated series in which Superman's secret origin was shown.

In this episode, the Legion of Doom attempt to undo their Secret Origins by travelling backward through time to change the outcome of events. Cheetah competed in the tournament on Paradise Island, and she defeated Princess Diana, and therefore she became Wonder Woman instead. Lex Luthor prevented Hal Jordan from getting the Green Lantern Ring from Abin Sur by stealing it himself, thereby becoming the "Green Luthor". As for Superman, the Hall of Doom knocked the Kryptonian Rocket off course, so that it didn't land on Earth, but rather another planet that was under a red sun, thereby preventing him from getting super powers and growing up to become Superman. However, the other Justice League members learn of the Legion's scheme, and they go back in time to set history straight.

The episode "History of Doom" showcased the Secret Origin of Lex Luthor, which depicts Luthor as a farm boy in Smallville and a friend of Superboy, just as it was in the Pre-Crisis comic books at that time that were set on Earth-One. The same episode also shows the Secret Origins of Apache Chief and Giganta, whose origins apparently tied together.

Batman's Secret Origin wasn't revealed until The Super Powers Team: Galactic Guardians episode The Fear, which tells the tale of how Joe Chill killed his parents and how as a result, he became Batman, but he had yet to overcome his fear of Crime Alley, a fear that his enemy the Scarecrow would exploit.

title: Secret Origins


text:
Vilmos Vázsonyi

Vilmos Vázsonyi (born as Vilmos Weiszfeld; 1868–1926) was a Hungarian publicist and politician of Jewish heritage.

Biography
Vázsonyi was born at Sümeg. He was educated at Budapest, where his remarkable eloquence made him the leader of all student movements during his university career. After he had completed his studies, the most vital social questions found in him an earnest investigator. He aroused a national sentiment against dueling, his success being proved by the numerous anti-dueling clubs in Hungary. Later, he began a social and journalistic agitation on behalf of the official recognition of the Jewish religion, and kept the matter before the public until the law granting recognition was sanctioned in 1895.

In 1894, Vázsonyi founded the first democratic club in Budapest, and became a common councilor. In 1900, he established the political weekly "Új Század" ("The New Century") for the dissemination of democratic ideas throughout the country. At the same time, he organized democratic clubs in all the large Hungarian cities. In 1901, Vázsonyi was elected deputy for the sixth district of the capital, on a democratic platform, of which he was the only public representative in the Hungarian Parliament as of 1906. At the election of 26 January 1905 he defeated Hieronymi, minister of commerce, as a candidate for the deputy-ship from his district.

Vázsonyi died on 1 June 1926 from cardiac arrest, after injuries suffered in an assault by Ferenc Gyulai Molnár and the notorious anti-Semite Lászlo Vannay, described as "Ford's protege".

Writings
Besides numbers of articles in the daily press, Vázsonyi wrote the following works:
 * "Önkormányzat" (1890), on autonomy
 * "A Választási elv a Külföldi Közigazgatásban" (1891), on the principle of election in foreign governments
 * "A Szavazás Deczentralizácziója" (1892), on decentralization in voting
 * "A Királyi Placetum a Magyar Alkotmányban" (1893), on the royal veto in the Hungarian constitution

title: Vilmos Vázsonyi


text:
Category talk:American logicians

Untitled
I see Ronald Jensen is on the list. Is he actually American? booth.adam 14:08, 14 November 2006 (PST).

How do I add a logician? I have in mind Gerald E. Sacks - he is a prof. at Harvard, there is a prize given in his name, and he is probably the greatest recursion theorist alive.

subcat problem
I think there's a bit of an issue with the category memberships here. Currently this category is a subcat of Category:American mathematicians and Category:U.S. philosophers. However not every logician is a mathematician, and not every logician is a philosopher, even though almost every logician is at least one of those two. So some of these people may be hereditarily categorized where they don't really belong. --Trovatore 21:11, 1 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Agreed and removed. Paradoctor (talk) 16:23, 28 June 2014 (UTC)
 * Actually, I disagree, In an ideal world sub cats would actually be proper subsets, but in the real world, this doesn't always work out. If every logician is either a philosopher or a mathematician, it's not that bad to have them in both. An alternate would be to split them - into mathematical logicians and philosophical logicians perhaps?--Obi-Wan Kenobi (talk) 16:43, 28 June 2014 (UTC)

 * The point here is that people categorized as logicians should not be automatically categorized as mathematicians or philosophers, because either of these might not be correct. I don't see a need for subcategorization, as this one is not large, but if you want to do it, I have no problem with that. Paradoctor (talk) 17:45, 28 June 2014 (UTC)

title: Category talk:American logicians


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Jesus never claimed he is the messiah

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. --Tony Sidaway Talk 22:55, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

Jesus never claimed he is the messiah
Badly titled, POV, largely unencyclopedic. If there isn't somewhere this can be merged once it's tidied it should be deleted imo. Francs2000 | Talk 15:10, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. A fast Google seems to indicate it is a cut-and-paste from (someplace on) http://www.judaicapress.com/product_reviews.php?products_id=260&osCsid=ffb8bf7d795623d35663e55777811e84  Paul, in Saudi 15:15, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I checked that, though as it's a forum or other such open-source site the possibility is that what's cached at google has been posted here by the same person. Also it's only partly a copy of that google match. -- Francs2000 | Talk [[Image:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|25px|  ]] 15:17, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete; POV essay. Antandrus  (talk) 15:21, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, per Antandrus. --GraemeL (talk) 16:11, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete POV --Dysepsion 17:11, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete — WP:NOT a propaganda machine. — RJH 18:21, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete This should've been speedied.Amren 18:38, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete- absolute rubbish
 * Delete for rubbish. --Agamemnon2 11:27, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:Secret Origins

Fair use rationale for Image:Secretorigins40.jpg
Image:Secretorigins40.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 14:51, 21 January 2008 (UTC)

WikiProject Comics B-Class Assesment required
This article needs the B-Class checklist filled in to remain a B-Class article for the Comics WikiProject. If the checklist is not filled in by 7th August this article will be re-assessed as C-Class. The checklist should be filled out referencing the guidance given at Version 1.0 Editorial Team/Assessment/B-Class criteria. For further details please contact the Comics WikiProject. Comics-awb (talk) 17:25, 31 July 2008 (UTC)

C-Class rated for Comics Project
As this B-Class article has yet to receive a review, it has been rated as C-Class. If you disagree and would like to request an assesment, please visit WikiProject_Comics/Assessment and list the article. Hiding T 14:26, 24 February 2009 (UTC)

 * Assessment done - needs a lot more references and really needs more "meat" rather than just long lists of who featured in what (which might be better split off to another article or removed altogether). So things on the planning, information from creators on their stories, etc. (Emperor (talk) 16:16, 23 December 2009 (UTC))

title: Talk:Secret Origins


text:
Breiz Atao

Breiz Atao (also Breizh Atao) (in Breton Brittany For Ever cf. Breizh atav), was a Breton nationalist journal in the mid-twentieth century. It was written in French, and has always been considered as a French nationalist journal by the non-francized Bretons. The term is also used for the broader movement associated with the journal's political position.

Founded in 1918 in the aftermath of World War I, Breiz Atao would exist throughout the inter-war years. It was highly influenced by the Irish War of Independence, which began in 1916 and whose aftermath ran into the 1920s. Early on it adopted an official pan-Celtic policy, and a strong pan-Latin use of the French language. In its later years it became associated with a Nordicist blood and soil ideology with aspects in common with Nazism. It ceased publication in 1940, but was revived for an individual issue that appeared in 1944.

Creation
The journal was first published in January 1919. Initially the editorial group focussed mostly on cultural aspects of Brittany, but very soon the journal evolved into the official forum of the Breton French-speaking autonomist movement. Its founders were Camille Le Mercier d'Erm, Job Loyant, Morvan Marchal and Job de Roincé. It was founded by the Groupe Régionaliste Breton, presided by Job Breiz, collaborating with Korentin Kerlann). They were soon joined by young French speaking intellectuals Yann Bricler, Olier Mordrel and François Debauvais, who soon took up important roles within the group.

Breiz Atao organised a congress (in French) in September 1927 in Rosporden at which the Breton Autonomist Party (Parti Autonomiste Breton, or PAB) was founded. At its first meeting Maurice Duhamel was charged with maintaining links with wider French speaking political movements in France, in particular the French left wing, and became chief-editor of Breiz Atao. He gave the PAB a leftist and federalistic stance.

However during the 11 April 1931 congress, the PAB fractured into different factions. The factionalism led to the abandonment of the journal Breiz Atao, which was briefly replaced by the journal "War Sao", run by the nationalist faction in Trégor, Goëlo and Cornouaille, who were preaching (in French) full Breton independence.

Drift towards fascism
On 27 December 1931, in Landerneau, the first congress of the new Parti National Breton took place. Breiz Atao reappeared as the mouthpiece of the militants led by Olier Mordrel and François Debauvais.

In March 1933, Breiz Atao published a draft political programme, drawn up by Mordrel. In this program, Mordrel created a proposed constitution for an independent Breton state, to which the French state should concede some of its resources, including overseas colonies, art, libraries, industrial equipment etc. Its borders would be determined "by way of a plebiscite". He also suggested the exclusion of foreigners from citizenship, and of all persons of mixed race; people from a Nordic background would be given preference. The new state should ensure "control of youth's education, designed to make men physically and morally healthy".

In July 1940, at a Pontivy congress, Debeauvis and Mordrel decided on editing a new journal, L'Heure Bretonne (The Breton Hour). This journal succeeded Breiz Atao. However Célestin Lainé, head of Bezen Perrot, an SS-affiliated militia, printed a one-off special issue in 1944, containing the recently deceased Debeauvais's statement of support for Lainé's activities.

title: Breiz Atao


text:
List of districts of Jharkhand

Jharkhand, a state of India, has twenty-four administrative districts.

Administration
A district of an Indian state is an administrative geographical unit, headed by a district magistrate or a deputy commissioner, an officer belonging to the Indian Administrative Service. The district magistrate or the deputy commissioner is assisted by a number of officials belonging to different wings of the administrative services of the state.

A superintendent of Police, an officer belonging to Indian Police Service is entrusted with the responsibility of maintaining law and order and related issues.

History
At the time of formation, Jharkhand state had 18 districts. Later, six more districts were carved out by reorganizing these districts. The 23rd and 24th districts- Khunti and Ramgarh (carved out of erstwhile Ranchi and Hazaribagh District respectively) were made a district on 12 September 2007.

Administrative Divisions and District
There are 24 districts of Jharkhand, which are grouped in to 5 divisions. These divisions are: Below is the list of districts:
 * 1) Palamu division - 3 Districts: Palamu, Garhwa, Latehar - Headquarters: Medininagar
 * 2) North Chotanagpur division - 7 Districts: Chatra, Hazaribagh, Koderma, Giridih, Ramgarh, Bokaro, Dhanbad - Headquarters: Hazaribagh
 * 3) South Chotanagpur division - 5 Districts: Lohardaga, Gumla, Simdega, Ranchi, Khunti - Headquarters: Ranchi
 * 4) Kolhan division - 3 Districts: West Singhbhum, Saraikela-Kharsawan, East Singhbhum - Headquarters: Chaibasa
 * 5) Santhal Pargana division - 6 Districts: Jamtara, Deoghar, Dumka, Pakur, Godda, Sahebganj - Headquarters: Dumka

authors: अक्षय कुमार१२३

title: List of districts of Jharkhand


text:
Firmus

According to the Historia Augusta, Firmus (died 273) was a usurper of Syrian origin during the reign of Aurelian. The contradictory accounts of his life and the man himself are considered to be a complete fabrication, perhaps based on the later Firmus.

Historia Augusta account
According to the Historia Augusta ("Firmus"), Firmus was a man of great wealth. He had his house fitted with square panels of glass, and owned a huge library. His commercial relationships involved Blemmyes, Saracens, and India. He had two elephant tusks, which later Aurelian projected to use as a basis for a statue to Jupiter and which were actually given as a present by Carinus. Physically, Firmus was noteworthy, being huge and very strong. Firmus was notably also a heavy drinker and could eat quite a bit. The Historia Augusta states that he once consumed an entire ostrich in one day, and even beat one of Aurelian's standard bearers and notorious drinkers in a drinking contest, draining two buckets of wine while remaining completely sober. The importance and threat of Firmus' revolt is related to the interruption of the Egyptian grain supply to Rome.

title: Firmus


text:
Mark Furze

Mark Furze (born 7 May 1986) is an Australian actor and musician.

Career
Furze starred in several productions by the Orange Theatre Company, playing the lead role in a version of Oliver! aged 10. His first TV appearance was in the children's television program Outriders, followed by a role in the film Balmain Boys. At the age of 14 Furze was cast in Water Rats. He appeared also in the movie Jessica as the son of the main character.

Furze was cast to play Ric Dalby in Home and Away from September 2004 until he left on 24 July 2008. He took part in It Takes Two, a celebrity singing challenge, partnered with Rachael Beck. The pair came third overall. Furze appeared as a contestant on the 2007 UK TV show Soapstar Superstar, filmed in Manchester, England, finishing third in the competition behind Emmerdale's Hayley Tamaddon and Coronation Street's Antony Cotton. He was listed in Cleo magazine's annual Most Eligible Bachelors list in 2006.

He played the lead role in the short film "Count Me In", written and directed by Johnny Barker and Jared Kahi. Produced by Lense Flare productions as part of the Coca-Cola beach base activation in Summer 2008–2009, this interactive short film was shot on location at beaches around New Zealand and stars Furze as 'Cam'.

Furze portrayed "Trent" in the television series Underbelly: The Golden Mile in 2010. He also played the role of Damian in the Australian feature film A Heartbeat Away, and played the role of "Dodd" in the US thriller Strays.

Furze has also played in rock bands, forming the band Falcon Road, and joining New Zealand-based Shotgun Alley in February 2011, who released three albums. He was also seen in the video clip of Guy Sebastian's single "Elevator Love" in 2006, playing Bass guitar.

Personal life
Furze is married to Laural Barrett, 2007 winner of Miss New Zealand, they  met while on the set of  New Zealand rock group ShotgunAlley music video for Eventually in 2011. In January 2022 they welcomed a baby girl who they named Soma.

title: Mark Furze


text:
Talk:Bandits of the Acoustic Revolution

Untitled
Im a bit confused about 99 songs of the revolution, from what i can tell from their news posts it may or may not be an lp, and ive heard nothing about the second lp. Seems as though a lot of people feel the same way, but could someone link me to some info about this? tskaze 15:14, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * This page of the ACtA booklet is pretty much all we know about the 2 albums at the moment. This interview also has some info about future Bandits releases. Ian Moody 20:09, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

Articles for Deletion debate
This article survived an Articles for Deletion debate. The discussion can be found here. -Splash 20:22, 12 September 2005 (UTC)

Bandits?
Are they actually bandits? 69.118.247.101 18:18, 31 December 2005 (UTC)

yes, yes they are.

New Release in '06
There's a rumor that they'll be releasing something this year. Can anyone find a source for itZombies!!! 01:20, 12 March 2006 (UTC)

i guess not... i think it'll be out this year, if not look foward to streelight's new album rumoured to come out soon

 * Streetlight's album is due out in February (for now...it'll probably get delayed again)...as for the BOTAR album, it was rumored to be released in March, but I don't see that happening since the Streetlight album was pushed back. GhostBoy66 23:22, 24 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Never mind. According to Streetlight's site, there isn't any official release date for their album, so the BOTAR album probably doesn't have an official release date either. GhostBoy66 02:49, 27 January 2007 (UTC)

Well now it's almost the end of 2017 and they're officially playing 3 shows at the start of 2018. Not new "releases" but they will be covering streelight's songs. perhaps there might be some new ones — Preceding unsigned comment added by 192.197.71.189 (talk) 17:43, 14 December 2017 (UTC)

Keasby Nights Vol. 3
has anybody heard anything about a BOTAR cover of keasby nights?

 * Nope. GhostBoy66 23:22, 24 January 2007 (UTC)

 * I heard they were covering the song, not the entire album. Celeles 19:30, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

Smiles for Macavity
Someone edited this page to say that a "more recent update" indicated that Bandits of the Acoustic Revolution intended to re-record and release their own version of Kalnoky's earliest album Smiles for Macavity. I could not find this "recent update" to verify and find the idea unlikely, since the Bandits' instrumentation is rather elaborate and baroque compared to the relatively simple punk of Gimp. It seems Kalnoky has matured as a songwriter in the past 10 years and I seriously doubt he'd try and revisit songs he wrote when he was 15. Slingstone (talk • contribs) 20:57, 19 November 2007 (UTC)

they may end up doing this because theyll be releasing 2 new cover albums for 99sotr!!! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 137.124.9.20 (talk) 20:13, 5 October 2008 (UTC)

But what _is_ it?
The opening paragraph doesn't read like an article thesis, or even a definition. It says:

Bandits of the Acoustic Revolution, or BOTAR, is a musical collective of a varying and undefinable genre which includes influences from ska, punk, classical, and eastern-European-style music.

So, Bandits of the Acoustic Revolution is a genre? a collective genre? I'm not even sure what this BOTAR actually is. A group of bands or something? I found this article due to some other acronym for BOTAR. ~ 71.222.222.141 (talk) 06:25, 3 November 2009 (UTC)

BOTAR is not ska (as of yet)
The band's only release so far contained no ska whatsoever. Their ensemble may have been influenced by ska music, but they have definitely not recorded any ska songs so far. I'm taking the ska genre off of the infobox and other relevant areas. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.202.210.203 (talk) 23:44, 4 March 2010 (UTC)

John Paul Jones?
Is this *THE* John Paul Jones? As in the bass player from Led Zeppelin?

If not, should it be specified? And if so, linked?

68.116.96.189 (talk) 00:32, 8 December 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bandits of the Acoustic Revolution


title: File:QAF1.jpg


text:
People's Democracy (Ireland)

People's Democracy (PD; Daonlathas an Phobail) was a political organisation that arose from the Northern Ireland civil rights movement. It held that civil rights could be achieved only by the establishment of a socialist republic for all of Ireland. It demanded more radical reforms of the government of Northern Ireland than the Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association.

Foundation
It was founded on 9 October 1968 at a meeting held in the Queen's University Belfast debating hall. A catalyst for its foundation had been the attack on a Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association (NICRA) march in Derry on 5 October by the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC).

The group consisted mainly of students who were involved with the Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association or left wing groups such as the Labour Clubs and Young Socialist Alliance.

At the meeting the group decided on five aims:
 * One man, one vote
 * Repeal of the Special Powers Act
 * An end to gerrymandering of electoral boundaries
 * Freedom of speech and assembly
 * Fair allocation of jobs and housing

It was initially led by a committee of ten members which consisted of Queen's University students Malcolm Miles, Fergus Woods, Anne McBurnley, Ian Godall, Bernadette Devlin, Joe Martin, Eddie McCamely, Michael O'Kane and Patricia Drinan, as well as Kevin Boyle, a law lecturer at QUB. Other prominent members included Eilis McDermott, Cyril Toman, Eamon McCann and Michael Farrell.

The name of the group was selected by accident, according to Bernadette Devlin. "The next evening our leaflet and poster were approved by a mass meeting of the students, and taken off to be printed. John D. Murphy, our printer, got the material late at night and only then noticed that our organisation had no name. To comply with the law, he had to put up the name of the organisation responsible at the bottom of the leaflet, and, the story goes, he read through it, decided it was all about people's rights and christened us People's Democracy."

After marches in Belfast, in imitation of Martin Luther King Jr.'s March 1965 Selma to Montgomery marches, about 40 People's Democracy members held a four-day march between Belfast and Derry starting on 1 January 1969. The march was repeatedly attacked by loyalists along its route, including an incident at Burntollet bridge on 4 January where the marchers were attacked by about 200 unionists, including off-duty special constables, armed with iron bars, bottles and stones, while the RUC stood by and watched.

PD became increasingly radicalised as a result of these events. They also attacked the censorship laws in the Republic — earning a rebuke from Ruairi Quinn and Basil Miller, then leaders of Students for Democratic Action, a revolutionary socialist student organisation, for letting British imperialism off the hook. In later years, members of the PD either quit politics altogether or became independent left-wing activists (such as Devlin and Farrell).

Development
In 1971, PD became a founder of the Socialist Labour Alliance.

In the mid-1970s, the experience of the Ulster Workers' Council strike led to PD predicting a loyalist takeover in Northern Ireland, but it later came round to the view that this perspective was incorrect, giving loyalism a degree of autonomy from imperialism which it did not possess. The minority which clung to the old perspective left to form the Left Revolutionary Group, becoming the Red Republican Party in 1976, which was moribund by 1978.

During the 1970s, PD evolved towards Trotskyist positions and, by merging with the Dublin-based Movement for a Socialist Republic, was recognised by the reunified Fourth International as its Irish section.

PD was especially active around the issues of internment and prisoners' rights. Following the formation of the National H-Block/Armagh Committee in 1979 to build support for the Republican prisoners then on the "blanket protest" in support of political status and the subsequent death of Bobby Sands and nine of his comrades during the H-Block hunger strikes, a number of members of the organisation, led by Vincent Doherty - then a member of the Political Committee and a former party general election candidate - argued that PD should join Sinn Féin, which had moved openly to the left in the late 1970s and early 1980s.

In 1981, two members of People's Democracy were elected to Belfast City Council. John McAnulty and Fergus O'Hare were elected in a joint campaign with the IRSP. Fergus O'Hare won the council seat of Gerry Fitt, a sitting Westminster MP. O'Hare had been a founding member of the National H-Block/Armagh Committee and had previously been chairperson of the Political Hostages Release Committee which spearheaded the campaign against internment in the early 1970s. He subsequently went on to found the first Irish-language secondary school in Northern Ireland Meánscoil Feirste.

When Sinn Féin ended its boycott of elections and gained mass support among the republican community, PD entered a political crisis. From 1982 on, a number of activists left them and joined Sinn Féin. At a PD national conference in 1986, a group including Anne Speed proposed the dissolution of the group and that the members all join SF as individuals. This position was defeated by 19 votes to five. A few weeks later the minority of five resigned from PD followed by their supporters and joined Sinn Féin. The remaining members who continued to oppose this view maintained PD as a small propaganda group.

Socialist Democracy
In the early 1990s the remaining members of People's Democracy initiated the Irish Committee for a Marxist Programme as an attempt to regroup socialists and left-wing republicans. This project ended in 1996 when PD dissolved and reconstituted itself as Socialist Democracy, adopting the programme put forward by the ICMP.

The party is opposed to the Good Friday Agreement which is regards as "...an attempt to strengthen imperialist rule, reinforce partition and bolster the sectarianism that helps prevent the unity of the working class.".

Socialist Democracy has a small membership mainly based in Belfast. In 2004 it fused with the International Socialists, a group of former members of the Socialist Workers Party in that city.

It has not often contested elections, but one of its members stood in the Northern Ireland Assembly election of May 2011. It remains affiliated to the Fourth International. It is the sympathising Irish section of the International, within which it has been critical of tactics undertaken by its sister organisations in Brazil and France. Like the majority in the Fourth International, it was critical of the evolution of the Socialist Democracy current of the Workers' Party in Brazil. It was also critical of the Revolutionary Communist League's call for a vote against Le Pen in the 2002 French presidential election, rather than for a boycott.

The party is opposed to Transgender rights and Queer Theory.

Socialist Democracy (Ireland) left the Fourth International in December 2022.

Pamphlets
Socialist Democracy also publishes a series of pamphlets on left-wing subjects, including:

 * Ireland: The Promise of Socialism by Joe Craig, John McAnulty and Paul Flannigan (1996).
 * The Real Irish Peace Process by Joe Craig, John McAnulty and Paul Flannigan (1998).
 * Worker's Briefing (2000)
 * Prisoners of Social Partnership by Joe Craig (2002)
 * Marxism and the National Question by Pietro Tresso (Blasco) –(Introduction and Notes by D. R. O'Connor Lysaght (2006)).
 * The Soul of Man under Socialism by Oscar Wilde (Introduction and Notes by Lysaght (SD 2005)).
 * The Great Irish Revolution: Myths and Realities by D.R. O’Connor Lysaght (A Marxist critique of R. F. Foster and other Irish historians in the revisionist movement (2006)).
 * Ireland's Credit Crunch by Kevin Keating, Jonathan Morrison, Joe Corrigan. (2010). Publisher: IMG Publications
 * Fighting for a Nurses Victory (2019)

title: People's Democracy (Ireland)


text:
Shoulder-striped wainscot

The shoulder-striped wainscot (Leucania comma) is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1761. Some authors place it in the genus Mythimna. It is found throughout Europe and in Russia to the west of the Urals.

The forewings of this species share the pale buffish ground colour and prominent venation of other "wainscots" but has much stronger dark markings than most of its relatives, including a thick black basal streak which gives it its common name. The hindwings are dingy grey or brown with lighter fringes.

Technical description and variation
The wingspan is 35–42 mm. Forewing drab grey, suffused, except along costa and inner margin, and in an oblique fascia-form submarginal area, with blackish, the veins and folds remaining pale; a whitish lunule on discocellular: the pale submarginal fascia externally throw's off pale teeth along the veins to termen, the wedge shaped intervals being filled in with black; a long black streak from base below cell; median vein white, with only a small white spot at end of cell and a minute black point above it; veins whitish with black terminal streaks in the intervals. Hindwing dark greyish, fuscous.

Biology
This species flies at night in June and July and is attracted to light and sugar.

Larvae are reddish brown, with scattered black clots: dorsal and subdorsal lines black and fine; venter paler; thoracic plate black with three white lines; head brown. The larvae feed on various grasses including Deschampsia and Festuca. The species overwinters as a full-grown larva in a cell beneath the surface of the soil.

title: Shoulder-striped wainscot


text:
User talk:Benzion

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, you can post to the help desk or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! -- Francs2000 | Talk 15:15, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Benzion


text:
A Closed Book (novel)

A Closed Book is a short novel by Gilbert Adair, published in 2000.

The book starts with a slightly awkward meeting between a crotchety blind author and a sighted interviewee he seeks to employ as his assistant.

The narrative is presented almost entirely through dialogue between the two men, punctuated by fragments of the writer's diary. As the two men's relationship develops it becomes clear that both have something to hide.

A film based on the novel was released in 2010 for which Adair adapted his novel into a script.

title: A Closed Book (novel)


text:
Liam MacCarthy Cup

The Liam MacCarthy Cup (Corn Liam Mhic Cárthaigh) is a trophy awarded annually by the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) to the team that wins the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship. Based on the design of a medieval drinking vessel, the trophy was first awarded in 1923 to the winners of the (delayed) 1921 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final. The original 1920s trophy was retired in the 1990s, with a new identical trophy awarded annually since 1992. The original trophy is on permanent display in the GAA Museum at Croke Park in Dublin.

The GAA organises the series of games, which are played during the summer months. The All-Ireland Hurling Final was traditionally played on the first or second Sunday in September at Croke Park in Dublin. In 2018, the GAA rescheduled its calendar and since then the fixture has been played in August.

Old trophy
The original Liam MacCarthy Cup commemorates the memory of Liam MacCarthy. Born in London to Irish parents in 1853, he was prominently involved in the establishment of a GAA county board in London in the 1890s. In 1922, a trophy in his honour was presented to the Central Council of the GAA, and replaced the Great Southern Cup as the All-Ireland trophy.

The Liam MacCarthy Cup's design is based on a medieval Irish drinking vessel called a mether. It was first presented in 1923 - to the Limerick team which defeated Dublin in the 1921 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final (owing to the political situation in Ireland at the time, the 1921 final was not actually played until March 1923. Hence, though not first presented until 1923, the 1921 All-Ireland hurling champions are noted as first recipients of the Liam MacCarthy Cup.)

Cork won the old trophy on the most occasions. They also were the only team to win it on four consecutive occasions, achieving the feat during the 1940s (1941, 1942, 1943, 1944). Jack Lynch, who went on to become his nation's Head of Government, played in all four of these finals and captained the team in the first of them.

In addition, Cork twice won the old trophy on three consecutive occasions, in the 1950s (1952, 1953, 1954) and in the 1970s (1976, 1977, 1978). They also won it on two consecutive occasions in the late-1920s (1928, 1929).

Tipperary won the old trophy on three consecutive occasions (1949, 1950, 1951), as well as twice on two consecutive occasions in the 1960s (1961, 1962 & 1964, 1965).

Kilkenny thrice won the old trophy on two consecutive occasions in the early-1930s (1932, 1933), mid-1970s (1974, 1975) and early-1980s (1982, 1983).

Wexford (1955, 1956) and Galway (1987, 1988) each claimed the old trophy on consecutive occasions.

1992 brought the retirement of the original Liam MacCarthy Cup. It is permanently on display in the GAA Museum at Croke Park.

New trophy
The GAA commissioned a replica from silversmith James M. Kelly. The silver for the new cup was donated by Johnson Matthey Ireland at the behest of Kieran D. Eustace Managing Director, a native of Newtowncashel Co. Longford. Tipperary were the last team to claim the original. In 1992, an exact replica was produced and has been awarded on an annual basis since then. Kilkenny were the first team to win the "new" MacCarthy Cup. Kilkenny are also the team to have won the new trophy on the most occasions and were the only team to have won it four consecutive times (2006, 2007, 2008, 2009) until Limerick emulated the feat (2020, 2021, 2022, 2023).

All-Ireland winners are permitted to keep the trophy for a period of one year until the following year's All-Ireland final. All-Ireland-winning captains receive a model replica of the Liam MacCarthy Cup. The trophy is currently held by Limerick.

In 2010, the GAA asked the same silversmith to produce another replica of the trophy (the third Liam MacCarthy Cup), although this was to be used only for marketing purposes.

Eligible teams
The Liam MacCarthy Cup is the trophy awarded to the victors in Tier 1 of the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship. Twelve teams are eligible for this trophy; the five from the Leinster Senior Hurling Championship and the five from the Munster Senior Hurling Championship, as well as two teams invited from the Tier 2 Joe McDonagh Cup (the winner of the Joe McDonagh Cup in turn replaces Tier 1's bottom team via a system of promotion and relegation). In 2019 the twelve teams to participate are as follows:

"Leinster" contingent:
 * Carlow (R)
 * Dublin
 * Galway
 * Kilkenny
 * Wexford

Munster contingent:
 * Clare
 * Cork
 * Limerick
 * Tipperary
 * Waterford

via the Joe McDonagh Cup
 * Laois (P)
 * Westmeath

Winners

 * See All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship for a list of all-time winners of the competition.

Old Trophy
 * Cork – 1926, 1928, 1929, 1931, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1946, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1966, 1970, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1984, 1986, 1990
 * Kilkenny – 1922, 1932, 1933, 1935, 1939, 1947, 1957, 1963, 1967, 1969, 1972, 1974, 1975, 1979, 1982, 1983
 * Tipperary – 1925, 1930, 1937, 1945, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1958, 1961, 1962, 1964, 1965, 1971, 1989, 1991
 * Limerick – 1921, 1934, 1936, 1940, 1973
 * Galway – 1923, 1980, 1987, 1988
 * Wexford – 1955, 1956, 1960, 1968
 * Dublin – 1924, 1927, 1938
 * Waterford – 1948, 1959
 * Offaly – 1981, 1985

New Trophy
 * Kilkenny – 1992, 1993, 2000, 2002, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2011, 2012, 2014, 2015
 * Limerick – 2018, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023
 * Tipperary – 2001, 2010, 2016, 2019
 * Clare – 1995, 1997, 2013
 * Cork – 1999, 2004, 2005
 * Offaly – 1994, 1998
 * Wexford – 1996
 * Galway – 2017

title: Liam MacCarthy Cup


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Talk:Largest organism/to do

Correct errors

Investigate the following:
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title: Talk:Largest organism/to do