text:
Pneumonitis

Pneumonitis describes general inflammation of lung tissue. Possible causative agents include radiation therapy of the chest, exposure to medications used during chemo-therapy, the inhalation of debris (e.g., animal dander), aspiration, herbicides or fluorocarbons and some systemic diseases. If unresolved, continued inflammation can result in irreparable damage such as pulmonary fibrosis.

Pneumonitis is distinguished from pneumonia on the basis of causation as well as its manifestation. Pneumonia can be described as pneumonitis combined with consolidation and exudation of lung tissue due to infection with microorganisms. The distinction between pneumonia and pneumonitis can be further understood with pneumonitis being the encapsulation of all respiratory infections (incorporating pneumonia and pulmonary fibrosis as major diseases), and pneumonia as a localized infection. For most infections, the immune response of the body is enough to control and apprehend the infection within a couple days, but if the tissue and the cells can't fight off the infection, the creation of pus will begin to form in the lungs which then hardens into lung abscess or suppurative pneumonitis. Patients that are immunodeficient and don't get treated immediately for any type of respiratory infection may lead to more severe infections and/or death.

Pneumonitis can be classified into several different specific subcategories, including hypersensitivity pneumonitis, radiation pneumonitis, acute interstitial pneumonitis, and chemical pneumonitis. These all share similar symptoms, but differ in causative agents. Diagnosis of pneumonitis remains challenging, but several different treatment paths (corticosteroids, oxygen therapy, avoidance) have seen success.

Causes
Alveoli are the primary structure affected by pneumonitis. Any particles that are smaller than 5 microns can enter the alveoli of the lungs. These tiny air sacs facilitate the passage of oxygen from inhaled air to the bloodstream. In the case of pneumonitis, it is more difficult for this exchange of oxygen to occur since irritants have caused inflammation of the alveoli. Due to the lack of a definitive determination of a single irritant causing pneumonitis, there are several possible causes.

 * Viral infection. Measles can cause severe pneumonitis, and ribavirin has been proposed as a possible treatment. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is another cause.
 * Pneumonia
 * Radiation therapy
 * Immunotherapy
 * Inhaling chemicals, such as sodium hydroxide
 * Interstitial lung disease
 * Sepsis
 * Adverse reaction to medications
 * Hypersensitivity to inhaled agents
 * Inhalation of spores of some species of mushroom (bronchoalveolar allergic syndrome)
 * Mercury exposure
 * Smoking
 * Overexposure to chlorine
 * Bronchial obstruction (obstructive pneumonitis or post-obstructive pneumonitis)
 * Ascariasis (during parasite migration)
 * Aspirin overdose, some antibiotics, and chemotherapy drugs
 * “Farmer’s lung” and “hot tub lung” are common names for types of hypersensitivity pneumonitis that result from exposure to some types of thermophilic actinomyces, mycobacteria and molds.
 * Avian proteins in bird feces and feathers
 * Whole body or chest radiation therapy used for cancer treatment

Symptoms
Physical manifestations of Pneumonitis range from mild cold-like symptoms to respiratory failure. Most frequently, those with pneumonitis experience shortness of breath, and sometimes a dry cough. Symptoms usually appear a few hours after exposure and peak at approximately eighteen to twenty-four hours.

Other symptoms may include:

 * Malaise
 * Fever
 * Dyspnea
 * Flushed and/or discolored skin
 * Sweating
 * Small and fast inhalations

Without proper treatment, pneumonitis may become chronic pneumonitis, resulting in fibrosis of the lungs and its effects:

 * Difficulty breathing
 * Food aversion
 * Lethargy

End-stage fibrosis and respiratory failure eventually lead to death in cases without proper management of chronic pneumonitis.

Diagnosis
A chest X-ray or CT is necessary to differentiate between pneumonitis and pneumonia of an infectious etiology. Some degree of pulmonary fibrosis may be evident in a CT which is indicative of chronic pulmonary inflammatory processes. Diagnosis of Pneumonitis is often difficult as it depends on a high degree of clinical suspicion when evaluating a patient with a recent onset of a possible interstitial lung disease. In addition, interpreting pathologic and radiographic test results remains a challenge to clinicians. Pneumonitis is often difficult to recognize and discern from other interstitial lung diseases.

Diagnostic procedures currently available include:

 * Evaluation of patient history and possible exposure to a known causative agent
 * High-Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) consistent with pneumonitis
 * Bronchoalveolar lavage with lymphocytosis
 * Lung biopsy consistent with pneumonitis histopathology

Exposure to causative agents of pneumonitis in a specific environment can be confirmed through aero/microbiologic analysis to verify its presence. Subsequent testing of patient serum for evidence of serum specific IgG antibodies confirms patient exposure.

Clinical tests include chest radiography or (HRCT) which may show centrilobular nodular and ground-glass opacities with air-trapping in the middle and upper lobes of the lungs. Fibrosis may also be evident. Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) findings coinciding with pneumonitis typically include a lymphocytosis with a low CD4:CD8 ratio.

Reticular or linear patterns may be observed in diagnostic imaging. Pneumonitis may cause subpleural honeycombing, changing the shape of the air spaces in an image, which may be used to identify the respiratory disease. The interlobular septa may also thicken and indicate pneumonitis when viewed on a scan.

Histological samples of lung tissue with pneumonitis include the presence of poorly formed granulomas or mononuclear cell infiltrates. The presence of bronchocentric lymphohistiocytic interstitial pneumonia with chronic bronchiolitis and non-necrotising granulomas coincides with pneumonitis.

Since pneumonitis manifests in all areas of the lungs, imaging such as chest x-rays and Computerized tomography (CT) scans are useful diagnostic tools. While pneumonia is a localized infection, pneumonitis is widespread. A spirometer may also be used to measure pulmonary function.

During external examination, clubbing (swelling of fingertip tissue and increase in angle at the nail bed), and basal crackles may be observed.

For hypersensitivity pneumonitis many diagnoses take place through the focus of blood test, chest x-rays, and depending on severity of infection doctors may recommend a bronchoscopy. Blood test are important to early detect for other causative substances that could eliminate possible causes of the hypersensitivity pneumonitis.

Classification
Pneumonitis can be separated into several distinct categories based upon causative agent.

 * Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis (Extrinsic Allergenic Alveolitis) describes the inflammation of alveoli which occurs after inhalation of organic dusts (oxford). These particles can be proteins, bacteria, or mold spores and are usually specific to an occupation.
 * Acute Interstitial Pneumonitis can result from many different irritants in the lungs and usually is resolved in under a month.
 * Chemical Pneumonitis is caused by toxic substances reaching the lower airways of the bronchial tree. This causes a chemical burn and severe inflammation. (oxford)
 * Radiation Pneumonitis, also known as Radiation Induced Lung Injury, describes the initial damage done to the lung tissue by ionization radiation. Radiation, used to treat cancer, can cause pneumonitis when applied to the chest or full body. Radiation pneumonitis occurs in approximately 30% of advanced lung cancer patients treated with radiation therapy.
 * Aspiration pneumonitis is caused by a chemical inhalation of harmful gastric contents which include causes such as:
 * Aspiration due to a drug overdose
 * A lung injury after the inhalation of habitual gastric contents.
 * The development of colonized oropharyngeal material after inhalation.
 * Bacteria entering the lungs

Treatment
Typical treatment for pneumonitis includes conservative use of corticosteroids such as a short course of oral prednisone or methylprednisolone. Inhaled corticosteroids such as fluticasone or budesonide may also be effective for reducing inflammation and preventing re-inflammation on a chronic level by suppressing inflammatory processes that may be triggered by environmental exposures such as allergens. Severe cases of pneumonitis may require corticosteroids and oxygen therapy, as well as elimination of exposure to known irritants.

Corticosteroid dose and treatment duration vary from case to case. However, a common regimen beginning at 0.5 mg/kg per day for a couple of days before tapering to a smaller dose for several months to a year, has been used successfully.

Corticosteroids effectively reduce inflammation by switching off several genes activated during an inflammatory reaction. The production of anti-inflammatory proteins, and the degeneration of mRNA encoding inflammatory proteins, can also be increased by a high concentration of corticosteroids. These responses can help mitigate the inflammation seen in pneumonitis and reduce symptoms.

Certain immune-modulating treatments may be appropriate for patients with chronic pneumonitis. Azathioprine and mycophenolate are two particular treatments that have been associated with an improvement of gas exchange. Patients with chronic pneumonitis also may be evaluated for lung transplantation.

title: Pneumonitis


text:
Fabrique

Fabrique was Fashion's 1982 second album. It was produced by Zeus B. Held. The album included the following UK hit singles: "Streetplayer (Mechanik)" which reached No. 46 in April 1982 and "Love Shadow", which peaked at No. 51 in August of the same year. "Move On" and "Something In Your Picture" were also issued as the first and third singles of the album but failed to chart. The album itself peaked at #10 in the charts, spending 16 weeks on the top 100.

The album was re-released with additional material in 2004 as The Height Of Fashion.

Track listing
All tracks written by David "Dee" Harris except where noted.

 * 1) "Move On"
 * 2) "Love Shadow"
 * 3) "Streetplayer – Mechanik"
 * 4) "Dressed to Kill"
 * 5) "You Only Left Your Picture"
 * 6) "Something in Your Picture" (Dee Harris/Zeus B Held)
 * 7) "It's Alright"
 * 8) "Whitestuff (Short Cut)" (Dee Harris/Zeus B Held)
 * 9) "Do You Wanna Make Love"
 * 10) "Slow Blue"
 * 11) "Mutant Move" *
 * 12) "Love Shadow (Smokey Dialogue)" *
 * 13) "Street Mechanik" *
 * 14) "Do You Wanna Make Love (at  – 5:00 am?)" *
 * 15) "You Only Left Your Picture (Reggae Reprise)" *

(Tracks marked with an asterisk (*) are bonus tracks on The Height of Fashion)

'Double Play' cassette (Arista Canada ATC6604 (c)1982) contains all the above plus:

 * 1) "Dressed to Kill Double Dub"
 * 2) "Something in Your Picture (Alternative Playback)"
 * 3) "Whitestuff (The Unfinished)"

Personnel

 * Fashiøn
 * Dee Harriss – vocals, guitar, Bass guitar, Keyboards
 * Mulligan – synthesizer, vocals
 * Martin Recchi – bass guitar, vocals
 * Dik Davis – drums and percussion, vocals

 * Additional personnel
 * Zeus B. Held – additional keyboards, engineer
 * Gina Kikoine – vox (track 2)
 * Pete Willman – base clavinet (track 2)
 * Nick Froome – mixing engineer
 * Christian Gence – engineer
 * Chris Lester – engineer
 * Jean-Pierre Massiera – engineer
 * Jean-Marc Meredith – engineer
 * Steve Robert – engineer
 * Martin Homberg – engineer
 * Paddy Eckersley – front foto
 * David Bailey – back foto
 * David Shortt – design control
 * Thomi Wroblewski – front foto tinting

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Fabrique


text:
Nurcholish Madjid

Nurcholish Madjid (March 17, 1939 – August 29, 2005), in Indonesia affectionately known as Cak Nur, was a prominent Indonesian Muslim intellectual. Early in his academic career, Nurcholish was a leader in various student organizations. He soon became well known as a proponent for modernization within Islam. Throughout his career he continued to argue that for Islam to be victorious in the global struggle of ideas, it needs to embrace the concepts of tolerance, democracy and pluralism.

Biography
Born in Jombang, East Java, Madjid received his early education in religious institutions in Indonesia, so called pesantren. He later received his doctorate in Islamic Studies from the University of Chicago in the United States where he studied under the noted Pakistani-American scholar, Fazlur Rahman. In 2003 he participated in Indonesia's national elections as a candidate for the presidency. He served as Rector of Paramadina University in Jakarta from 1998 up until his death. Madjid was married and had two children.

In the 1970s, Cak Nur coined the slogan: 'Islam Yes, Islamic Party No', which became very popular. The slogan helped combat the view that it was sinful for Muslims to vote against Islamic parties. The two most successful Muslim parties in Indonesia's 2004 general elections, the moderate National Awakening and United Development Parties, received 10.6% and 8.1% of the vote, respectively.

Publications

 * “The Issue of Modernization among Muslims in Indonesia: A Participant’s Point of View”, in: Gloria Davies, ed. What is Modern in Indonesian Culture, Athens, Ohio, Ohio University, 1978
 * Islam in Indonesia: Challenges and Opportunities, in: Cyriac K. Pullapilly, ed., Islam in the Modern World, Bloomington, Indiana: Crossroads, 1982
 * “The Necessity of Renewing Islamic Thought and Reinvigorating Religious Understanding”, in: Charles Kurzman, ed. Liberal Islam: A Sourcebook, New York: Oxford University Press, 1988
 * “In Search of Islamic Roots for Modern Pluralism: The Indonesian Experiences” in: Mark Woodward ed, Towards a New Paradigm, Recent Developments in Indonesian Islamic Thought, Tempe, Arizona, Arizona State University, 1996

title: Nurcholish Madjid


text:
Pennant Hills High School

Pennant Hills High School is a government, comprehensive, co-educational, high school situated in the northern suburb of Pennant Hills in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, about 15–20 minutes to walk from Pennant Hills railway station. Established in 1966, the school had a student population of 1,270 students as of 2004, and has generally maintained these student numbers. The street address is Boundary Road, but all vehicular access is via Laurence Street.

Educational structure
Pennant Hills High School offers many subjects, with the faculties including Social Sciences, Science, Agriculture, English, Music, Christian Education, History, Maths, Visual Arts, Industrial Arts or TAS, Languages and Physical Education. PHHS also contains a Special Education system, helping physically and intellectually challenged students.

Physical buildings and grounds
Pennant Hills High School contains a multi-purpose centre (Robert Stacey Hall), new Design and Technology/Visual Arts buildings, the Alfred Gray Memorial Library, and many specialty rooms including science labs, cooking and computer rooms. It also has two fields for sports such as football, rugby and cricket. An agricultural plot is located at the rear of the school, housing crops, sheep, chickens and other livestock.

The school's buildings were constructed according to the hilly terrain of the area, so that there are no more than two levels at any single point. PHHS has 4 levels, and room numbers are determined by which level it is in: Level 1 is primarily Social Sciences (Business Studies, Geography etc.), as well as Textiles rooms. Level 2 has Language, Agriculture, Science, Food Technology, and Drama, while Level 3 (located at the Laurence Street level) is where the main quad of the school is located, along with the library and reception. It too, has Science rooms, as well as Maths, History, and Wood/Metal Technology ooms. Level 4 is primarily English, History, Maths and Visual Arts classrooms. The Industrial and Visual Arts building (completed in 2005) has two main entry points, from the Garden Quad (in Level 3) and through a pedestrian bridge on Level 4.

The school suffered from a fire on 11 June 2001, destroying the school administration building, Industrial Arts Block, and the English, History, Mathematics and Visual Arts staffrooms.

As is commonly the case with such school fires, many student works (notably Visual and Industrial arts HSC projects) were destroyed, causing considerable distress among affected students. Also as a result of this fire, many portable classrooms were set up for a number of years, near the main oval and where the COLA (Covered Outdoor Learning Area) is now situated. It is estimated that for at least 3 years there could have been up to 20–25 portables (this has not been confirmed). What we do know is that in 2005, the number of portables decreased, down to eight. In 2006, after the completion of the COLA and the new TAS/VA block, four of these were removed. Now (as of April 2009) these four remain. Three of these are used by English mainly. The other one is used for Special Education, as it has wheelchair access. Operation Phoenix Rising oversaw the completion of the rebuilding effort to be completed in 2012. In early 2018 2 of the Science portable rooms were removed from the school, these were located on the bottom level of the school. Currently (as of June 2018) there are 2 remaining portable rooms which are used by the Special Education Department, these 2 portables are currently located next to the COLA with a wheelchair access ramp. As of 2023, there are no remaining portables.

The school now has had an elevator installed between levels 2 and 4 (for use by disabled or injured students), and a new Design and Technology and Visual Arts building. In 2005, a new Covered Outdoor Learning Area (COLA) was constructed, and in 2022, crickets nets were constructed.

The Agriculture area is fondly known as the "Ag Plot" or the "Farm" and consists of several small paddocks, an area for growing plants, a machinery shed, a tool shed, a greenhouse and another shed that stores seeds and the like.

Notable alumni

 * Ray Barber, politician
 * Tim Bennetts, rugby union player
 * John Faulkner, former Senator
 * Lisa Ho, fashion designer
 * Verity James, television and radio presenter

title: Pennant Hills High School


text:
Glochidion

Glochidion is a genus of flowering plants, of the family Phyllanthaceae, known as cheese trees or buttonwood in Australia, and leafflower trees in the scientific literature. It comprises about 300 species, distributed from Madagascar to the Pacific Islands. Glochidion species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Aenetus eximia and Endoclita damor. The Nicobarese people have attested to the medicinal properties found in G. calocarpum, saying that its bark and seed are most effective in curing abdominal disorders associated with amoebiasis.

Glochidion are of note in the fields of pollination biology and coevolution because they have a specialized mutualism with moths in the genus Epicephala (leafflower moths), in which the moths actively pollinate the flowers—thereby ensuring that the tree may produce viable seeds—but also lay eggs in the flowers' ovaries, where their larvae consume a subset of the developing seeds as nourishment. Other species of Epicephala are pollinators, and in some cases, non-pollinating seed predators, of certain species of plants in the genera Phyllanthus and Breynia,  both closely related to Glochidion. This relationship is similar to those between figs and fig wasps and yuccas and yucca moths.

Although the genus Glochidion is native only to the Old World, the East Asian species Glochidion puberum has become naturalized at several locations in the U.S. state of Alabama.

In a 2006 revision of the Phyllanthaceae, it was recommended that Glochidion be subsumed in Phyllanthus. New combinations in Phyllanthus have been published for Madagascar and the Pacific Islands, but most remain to be published.

Selected species
328 species are accepted. Selected species include:

 * Glochidion apodogynum
 * Glochidion barronense
 * Glochidion benthamianum
 * Glochidion bourdillonii
 * Glochidion calocarpum
 * Glochidion candolleanum (synonyms Glochidion pauciflorum Gamble and Glochidion sisparense Gamble)
 * Glochidion carrickii
 * Glochidion christophersenii
 * Glochidion comitum
 * Glochidion disparipes
 * Glochidion eriocarpum
 * Glochidion ferdinandi - cheese tree, buttonwood, pencil cedar, water gum, rain tree
 * var. ferdinandi
 * var. pubens

 * Glochidion grantii
 * Glochidion harveyanum - buttonwood, daphne buttonwood
 * var. harveyanum
 * var. pubescens

 * Glochidion hohenackeri (Müll.Arg.) Bedd.
 * Glochidion hohenackeri var. hohenackeri
 * Glochidion hohenackeri var. johnstonei (Hook.f.) Chakrab. & M.Gangop. (synonym Glochidion johnstonei Hook.f.)
 * Glochidion hylandii
 * Glochidion insulare
 * Glochidion lanceolarium
 * Glochidion lobocarpum
 * Glochidion longfieldiae
 * Glochidion manono
 * Glochidion marchionicum (synonym Glochidion tooviianum J.Florence)
 * Glochidion moonii
 * Glochidion moorei
 * Glochidion myrtifolium
 * Glochidion nadeaudii
 * Glochidion nemorale (synonym Glochidion gardneri Thwaites)
 * Glochidion papenooense
 * Glochidion perakense - umbrella cheese tree, buttonwood
 * var. supra-axillare

 * Glochidion philippicum
 * Glochidion pitcairnense
 * Glochidion pruinosum
 * Glochidion puberum
 * Glochidion pungens
 * Glochidion raivavense
 * Glochidion ramiflorum J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.
 * Glochidion rapaense
 * Glochidion seemannii Müll.-Arg.
 * Glochidion sessiliflorum
 * var. pedicellatum
 * var. sessiliflorum
 * var. stylosum

 * Glochidion stellatum (Retz.) Bedd.
 * Glochidion stylosum Ridl.
 * Glochidion symingtonii Airy Shaw
 * Glochidion taitense Baill. ex Müll-Arg.
 * Glochidion temehaniense J.W.Moore
 * Glochidion xerocarpum
 * Glochidion zeylanicum (Gaertn.) A.Juss.
 * Glochidion zeylanicum var. arborescens (Blume) Chakrab. & M.Gangop.
 * Glochidion zeylanicum var. arunachalense Chakrab. & M.Gangop.
 * Glochidion zeylanicum var. paucicarpum Chakrab. & N.P.Balakr.
 * Glochidion zeylanicum var. tomentosum (Dalzell) Trimen (synonym Glochidion tomentosum Dalzell)
 * Glochidion zeylanicum var. zeylanicum (synonym Glochidion sumatranum )

title: Glochidion


text:
User talk:MartinRudat

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --Merovingian (t) (c) 09:10, August 30, 2005 (UTC)
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Crowbars!
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Canberra meetup invitation: January 2013
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Canberra meetup invitation
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Canberra meetup invitation (August 2016)
I'll be in Canberra from the 29-30 August, there is a planned meet-up at King O'Malley's (though I'm open to suggestions) from 6pm on the 29 August. Sorry for the short noticed, only had the trip confirmed this afternoon. Bidgee (talk) 11:31, 22 August 2016 (UTC)

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title: User talk:MartinRudat


text:
User:Natmaka

http://makarevitch.org/

Wikipedia
we may enhance Wikipedia by publishing reviewed articles for anyone preferring them, without any annoyance for anyone who likes the way Wikipedia works now by using WebDSign

moreover some terms attributes used by WordNet may be useful

title: User:Natmaka


text:
Jim Devine

James Devine (born 21 May 1953) is a former Labour Party politician in Scotland. He was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Livingston from 2005 until 2010 and Chairman of the Scottish Labour Party between 1994 and 1995.

On 16 June 2009, following the 2009 expenses scandal, he was barred by the Labour Party from seeking re-election at the 2010 general election, after reports he claimed expenses for work on his home from a non-existent firm. He was convicted of false accounting on 10 February 2011 and sentenced to 16 months' imprisonment on 31 March 2011.

Early life
Devine was born and brought up in Blackburn, West Lothian and was educated in Bathgate. He served as the election agent for Livingston Constituency Labour Party and the local MP Robin Cook from the 1983 general election until Cook died in 2005. From 1994 to 1995 he was the Chairman of the Scottish Labour Party.

Prior to his election, Devine worked as a full-time trade union official for the Confederation of Health Service Employees (COHSE) and then as Head of Health in the Scottish Region of the public sector union after UNISON was formed in 1993. Before becoming a trade union official Devine was a mental health nurse, having trained and worked at Bangour Village Hospital in Dechmont.

Parliamentary career
He was selected to succeed Robin Cook as the Labour Party candidate in the ensuing 2005 Livingston by-election following Cook's sudden death. He won, defeating his SNP rival though Labour's majority was reduced by more than 10,000 votes. He made his maiden speech in the House of Commons on 25 October 2005.

He served as the Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Health Minister Rosie Winterton until he resigned in protest at the decision to replace Trident. He was also a member of the Science and Technology as well as the Scottish Affairs Select Committees.

In October 2010, Devine's former office manager Marion Kinley won a complaint of unfair dismissal and breach of contract against him. An employment tribunal ruled that Devine had subjected Kinley to "a course of bullying and harassment". During the hearing, Devine was accused of perpetrating a hoax suggesting that newspapers were investigating the two of them. He was said to have used a friend, Fiona Fox, to pose as an investigative journalist. Compensation of £35,000 was ordered to be paid.

On Devine's failure to pay the compensation of £35,000, bankruptcy proceedings were instituted against him and he was adjudicated bankrupt on 23 February 2011.

MPs' expenses
On 2 June 2009, Devine was referred to the Labour Party's 'star committee' with a status of 'urgent' in connection with allegations involving expense claims submitted for a company that never existed. He had gained the backing of his local party members a week prior to the hearing, but the panel unanimously recommended he should be deselected. He was thereafter barred from standing as a candidate for the Labour Party in the next UK general election.

Prosecution and conviction
On 5 February 2010 it was announced that Devine was to be prosecuted over his expense claims. The former Livingston MP initially faced two charges under section 17 of the Theft Act 1968 of false accounting. The first charge alleged that between July 2008 and April 2009 Devine dishonestly claimed £3,240 for cleaning services using false invoices. The second charge alleged that in March 2009 Devine dishonestly claimed £5,505 for stationery using false invoices. He denied the charges, though in a live Channel 4 interview when questioned: "So you got a receipt from somebody you were paying as a member of staff, and submitted it as stationery?" by journalist Krishnan Guru-Murthy, Devine replied: "Yes. This was allowed at the time."

On 27 May 2010 Devine, Elliot Morley, David Chaytor and Lord Hanningfield (Paul White) appeared at Southwark Crown Court for a preliminary hearing. They faced charges of false accounting under the Theft Act.

Devine's trial began on 2 February 2011. The indictment he faced ultimately included three counts of false accounting under the Theft Act 1968. On 10 February 2011 he was found guilty on two counts of false accounting (relating to false claims for a total of £8,385) but not guilty on another count (relating to £360). Sentencing was adjourned for four weeks. On 31 March 2011 Devine was sentenced to 16 months imprisonment. He was released from prison on 1 August 2011 after serving a quarter of his sentence. He was freed under the home detention curfew scheme, under which prisoners who are deemed to pose a low risk are tagged and released early after serving at least a quarter of their sentence. His release was met with anger from groups including the TaxPayers' Alliance.

As a result of his conviction and sentence, Devine was automatically expelled from the Labour Party.

Personal life
Devine used to live in Blackburn, West Lothian. He is divorced from his wife Liz, and has a daughter and a son. In 2005, Devine admitted to a number of affairs and a conviction for drink driving. After his release from prison, Devine moved to Killarney, Ireland to start a new life.

title: Jim Devine


text:
Bjelke-Petersen family

Bjelke-Petersen is the name of an Australian family of Danish descent. The common ancestors of the Australian family are Georg Peter Bjelke-Petersen (born c. 1845), a Danish farmer and master-builder, and his wife Caroline Vilhelmine (maiden name Hansen) (born c. 1845). They came to Australia with their children in 1891. Born just Petersen, Georg hyphenated his name with the Danish word for wooden beam, some time in the 1860s.

Politics
The Bjelke-Petersens have influenced politics in Queensland, at both state and Commonwealth levels, for sixty years.

 * Sir Joh Bjelke-Petersen was a farmer and later Premier of Queensland between 1968 and 1987; He was the member for Nanango from 1946 to 1950 and for Barambah from 1950 to 1987. He was Georg Peter Bjelke-Petersen's grandson.
 * Florence Bjelke-Petersen, Joh Bjelke-Petersen's wife, represented Queensland in the Australian Senate between 1981 and 1993 serving as Deputy Leader of the National Party of Australia in the Senate between 1985 and 1990;
 * John Bjelke-Petersen, a son of Joh and Flo Bjelke-Petersen, was the National Party candidate for the Division of Fisher in the 1996 federal election, losing to Liberal MP Peter Slipper. He was preselected on 3 November 2005 as the National Party candidate in the seat of Nanango at the 2006 state election. He lost the election to independent member, Dorothy Pratt. He also stood unsuccessfully for the LNP at the 2009 state election and was again defeated by Pratt (independent). He contested the Division of Maranoa on behalf of the Palmer United Party at the 2013 federal election, and was defeated by Bruce Scott of the Liberal National Party. At the 2015 state election, John Bjelke-Petersen contested the seat of Callide, again on behalf of the Palmer United Party.

Other pursuits

 * Hans Bjelke-Petersen (1872–1964) founded the Bjelke-Petersen School of Physical Culture in 1892 – as of 2005, there were 180 associated clubs throughout Australia. He was Georg Peter Bjelke-Petersen's son.
 * Marie Bjelke Petersen (1874–1969) was an Australian novelist. Note the lack of hyphen in her version of this name. She was Georg Peter Bjelke-Petersen's daughter.

title: Bjelke-Petersen family


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User:Yongan

yongan, korean, working in shipping industry

title: User:Yongan


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Flora and fauna of Goa

Forest cover in Goa is diverse. Goa is India's smallest state terms of area and the fourth smallest in terms of population. Goa is located on the west coast of India in the region known as the Konkan Forest cover in Goa stands at 1,424 km², most of which is owned by the government. Government owned forest is estimated at 1224.38 km² whilst private is given as 200 km². Most of the forests in the state are located in the interior eastern regions of the state. The Western Ghats, which form most of eastern Goa, have been internationally recognised as one of the biodiversity hotspots of the world. In the February 1999 issue of National Geographic Magazine, Goa was compared with the Amazon and Congo basins for its rich tropical biodiversity.

Nanda Lake is the first and the only Ramsar wetland site in Goa. Goa's state animal is the Gaur, the state bird is the Ruby-throated yellow Bulbul, which is a variation of Black-crested Bulbul, and the state tree is the Matti.

The important forests products are bamboo canes, Maratha barks, chillar barks and the bhirand. Coconut trees are ubiquitous and are present in almost all areas of Goa barring the elevated regions. Much deciduous vegetation, including teak, sal, cashew and mango trees, is present. Fruits include jackfruits, mangos, pineapples and blackberries.

Foxes, wild boars and migratory birds are found in the jungles of Goa. The avifauna includes kingfishers, mynas and parrots. Numerous types of fish are also caught off the coast of Goa and in its rivers. Crabs, lobsters, shrimps, jellyfish, oysters and catfish form some of the piscine catch. Goa also has a high snake population, which keeps the rodent population in control. Goa has many famous National Parks, including the renowned Salim Ali bird sanctuary.

Goa has more than 33% of its geographic area under government forests (1224.38 km²) of which about 62% has been brought under Protected Areas (PA) of Wildlife Sanctuaries and National Park. Since there is a substantial area under private forests and a large tract under cashew, mango, coconut, etc. plantations, the total forest and tree cover constitutes 56.6% of the geographic area.

title: Flora and fauna of Goa


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Talk:Pennant Hills High School

School Motto
Correct me if I'm wrong, but doesn't the school motto (nil nisi bonum) mean "No one can speak ill of the dead"?

Ixymapoe (talk) 04:26, 18 September 2009 (UTC)

"Nil nisi bonum" is often used as abbreviation for "de mortuis nil nisi bonum", however alone it seems that the correct translation is "simply the best", see, e.g., the following links:,. --Cyfal (talk) 16:11, 12 October 2009 (UTC)

Technically, the school motto means "nothing but the best". This is how the school translantes it. --Diddy29 (talk) 23:51, 26 November 2009 (UTC)

Architecture
The following quote appears incorrect: "The school's Buildings were constructed according to the hilly terrain of the area, so that there are no more than two levels at any single point." Unless things have substantially changed since I attended in 1994 I believe the maximum number of floors at any one point was 3 (from the 4th to the 2nd at the corner of the steps between levels 2 and 3.

It would also be good to add a section about the construction of the sports hall/theatre sometime around 1990 as it significantly added to the ability of the school to perform annual dramas with performances spanning about a week each (e.g. Barnum, Pirates of Penzance, Superman).

Updates
Hello guys; just a quick thought for anyone who wishes to do it; this page should be linked from an appropriate section on the Pennant Hills page. Secondly, in the first paragraph, "It recently celebrated its 40th anniversary." could be updated so that the statement doesn't age -- in a few years, it'll be obviously dated. Something better might be "The school celebrated its 40th anniversary in 2006".. Skittled 05:46, 27 September 2006 (UTC)

[this bit edited by diddy29]. I just added some stuff about the portables, and a section of Staff. I thought it would be good to add the staff section as it seems important. Feel free to add or edit this section. I didn't put a full staff list on there as I felt it would be a breach of privacy, although I think putting the executive and year advisors was appropriate. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Diddy29 (talk • contribs) 08:41, 8 April 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pennant Hills High School


text:
User:MartinaRoell

Juliane Martina Röll, born in Luxembourg, living in Charlottenburg. Wikipedian since 2003.

I am mostly active on the German Wikipedia - please see my user page there for details!

Please help me build up Funan Techo Canal!

de:User:MartinaRoell lb:User:MartinaRoell

commons:User:MartinaRoell

title: User:MartinaRoell


text:
Talk:Cranberry Wilderness

Added infobox template in effort to standardize all Wilderness areas.--MONGO 09:13, August 30, 2005 (UTC)

External links modified
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Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 04:30, 14 August 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cranberry Wilderness


text:
User:Charles Matthews/MathematicsD

Defect of an unbounded operator - Deficiency of a linear system - Denjoy-Carleman theorem - Denjoy-Luzin theorem - Differential ideal - Directrix of rational normal scroll - Dirichlet algebra - Dirichlet norm - Dissipative operator - Divisor with normal crossings - Dixmier-Kirillov theorem - Dominant weight - Double curve of an algebraic surface - Dual abelian variety - Dual Kummer surface - Dual Schubert cycle - Dehn-Nielsen theorem - Dehn's algorithm - Dehn's lemma  - Decent convergence - Differentiable representation - Differentiable vector - Adjoint of a differential operator - Discrete series - Discretely related groups - Dominant weight - Domination of parabolic pairs - Dual cone - Dual module - Derived functor of inverse limit - Diagonal approximation - Divided polynomial algebra - Dandelin-Gräffe method - Deterministic quantum mechanics - Dade's conjecture - Direct sum conjecture - D'Oliveira's determinantal conjecture

Deuring - Max Deuring

 * E

title: User:Charles Matthews/MathematicsD


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The Society of Impending Doom (2nd nomination)

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Speedy deleted by User:TheCoffee on August 30, 2005. Tito xd 05:29, 5 September 2005 (UTC)

The Society of Impending Doom
Hoax. It was first tagged as speedy, but someone tagged it for VfD. Delete. Punkmorten 09:15, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete as test page. --DrTorstenHenning 09:26, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Hans Jacob Stabel

Hans Jacob Stabel (27 August 1769 – 7 January 1836) was a Norwegian priest and elected official. Hans Stabel was born at the parsonage where his father was parish pastor in Onsøy at Fredrikstad in  Østfold. In 1792, he took a job as personnel chaplain in Onsøy. From 1799 he was an assistant pastor at Slidre in Oppland. In 1806, he became pastor in Sør-Aurdal. He was a vicar in Kristiansand from 1822 to 1825. He served as pastor in Østre Toten from 1825 until he died in 1836.

In 1814, he was a member of the constitutional assembly to draft and sign the Norwegian Constitution as a representative from Kristians amt, now Oppland. He was made a member of the Royal Order of Vasa by King Karl XIV Johan.

Related Reading

 * Holme, Jørn (ed.) (2014) De kom fra alle kanter - Eidsvollsmennene og deres hus (Oslo: Cappelen Damm) ISBN 978-82-02-44564-5..

title: Hans Jacob Stabel


text:
User:MartinRudat

I live in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.

To find out more about me, see my homepage at http://www.toraboka.com/~mrudat/

! Babel
 * style="background-color: ; text-align: center" | Search user languages
 * style="background-color: ; text-align: center" | Search user languages
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 * style="background-color: ; text-align: center" | Search user languages

title: User:MartinRudat


text:
FAPSI

FAPSI (ФАПСИ) or Federal Agency of Government Communications and Information (FAGCI) (Федеральное Агентство Правительственной Связи и Информации) was a Russian government agency, which was responsible for signal intelligence and security of governmental communications.

The present-day FAPSI successor agencies are the relevant departments of the Federal Security Service (FSB) and Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR) as well as the Special Communications Service of Russia (Spetssvyaz) (part of the Federal Protective Service of the Russian Federation) (FSO RF).

Creation
FAPSI was created from the 8th Main Directorate (Government Communications) and 16th Directorate (Electronic Intelligence) of the KGB. It is the equivalent to the USA National Security Agency. On September 25, 1991, Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev dismantled the KGB into several independent departments. One of them became the Committee on Government Communications under the President of Soviet Union. On December 24, 1991 after the disbanding of the Soviet Union the organization became the Federal Agency of Government Communications and Information under the President of Russian Federation.

Dissolution
On March 11, 2003 the agency was reorganized into the Service of Special Communications and Information (Spetssvyaz, Spetssviaz) (Служба специальной связи и информации) of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation (FSB RF). On August 7, 2004, Spetssviaz was incorporated as a structural sub unit of the Federal Protective Service of the Russian Federation (FSO RF).

Structure
According to the press, the structure of FAPSI copied the structure of the US National Security Agency, it includes:
 * Chief R&D Directorate (Главное научно-техническое управление)
 * Chief directorate of government communications
 * Chief directorate of security of communications
 * Chief directorate of information technology (Главное управление информационных систем)
 * Special troops of FAPSI
 * Academy of Cryptography
 * Military School of FAPSI in Voronezh, sometimes referred as the world largest hacker's school
 * Military school of communications in Orel
 * Moscow Department of Penza Scientific Research Electrotechnics Institute (МО ПНИЭИ), manufacturer of software and hardware used by the above agencies

16th Directorate of the KGB

 * Nikolai Nikolaevich Andreev (1968–1973)
 * Major-General Igor Vasilievich Maslov (1973–?)

Committee on Government Communications under President of Soviet Union

 * General Aleksandr Vladimirovich Starovoitov (1991)

Federal Agency of Government Communications and Information

 * General Aleksandr Vladimirovich Starovoitov (1991–1998)
 * Vladislav Petrovich Sherstyuk (1998–1999) – former chief of Radio-electronics intelligence department of the agency
 * Vladimir Georgievich Matykhin (1999–2003) – a civilian specialist on cryptography and data protection

Service of Special Communications and Information (FAPSI successor)

 * Yuri P. Kornev (2003–2010)
 * Aleksey Mironov (since 2010)

FAPSI and the Internet
FAPSI was always interested in monitoring of Internet activities.

In 1994 it bought major Russian internet provider of that time RELCOM. According to their explanation they were not interested in interception of the network traffic, but in Internet experience of the firm and in utilization of "FAPSI's excess computing power and network bandwidth".

In 1995 by decree of President Boris Yeltsin all cryptographic systems except those licensed by FAPSI were forbidden in the Russian Federation. There are widespread rumors that all systems licensed by FAPSI have backdoors allowing the agency to freely access the encrypted information.

Since 1998 they require that all Internet providers in Russia install their hardware named SORM (СОРМ – Система Оперативно-Розыскных Мероприятий, System of Operative Investigative Actions) that allows filtering and remote control of internet traffic from FAPSI headquarters. Internet providers must pay for the devices (around US$15,000 ) directly to FAPSI. Despite the original resistance of Internet providers they complied. It is claimed, however, that no legal document requires ISPs to provide these services free of charge, and some people report that one large St. Petersburg ISP told FSB that it does not decline their request, but is going to bill them appropriately, for which this ISP never saw FSB come back.

Mishaps of the agency
One of the tasks of the agency was to protect government websites from getting hacked. Sometime they fail to do it by a very simple scenario - the domain is not paid for in time and becomes a trophy of cybersquatting.

In January 2004, the election site registered personally for Vladimir Putin was not paid for in time and became a pornographic site. Eventually the site was closed down.

English

 * FAPSI Operations - by Federation of American Scientists
 * Jonathan Littell, "The Security Organs of the Russian Federation. A Brief History 1991-2004" Psan Publishing House 2006.
 * Lourdes SIGINT facility in Cuba, part 1
 * Lourdes SIGINT facility in Cuba, part 2
 * Cyber Warfare and Telecommunications Espionage

title: FAPSI


text:
User:Charles Matthews/MathematicsE

Eikonal equation - Elementary solution - Elliptic complex - Enriques-Petri theorem Enriques theorem - Equi-integrable set - Essentially self-adjoint bounded operator - Euler sequence - Exceptional divisor - Ext functor of sheaves - Eigendistribution - Elementary representation - Elliptic element - Exponents of a semisimple Lie algebra - Extended Burnside theorem - edge homomorphism - Eilenberg complex - Eilenberg-MacLane spectrum - Eilenberg-Zilber theorem - e-invariant - Exact homotopy sequence - Excisive triad - Extended comodule - Equivariant Takagawa number conjecture

Eichler - Elliptic modulus - Extending scalars -

 * F

title: User:Charles Matthews/MathematicsE


text:
User:Charles Matthews/MathematicsF

Formal scheme - flat cohomology - Factor set - fixed field - Fredholm theory - Fabricius-Bjerre-Halpern theorem - Fenchel inquality - Fermat surface - Flat vector bundle - Flex point - Flight vector - Friedrichs theorem - Fröhlicher-Nijenhuis theorem - Fröhlicher relation - Fundamental weight - Finite reflection group - Fixed point property - Fundamental Cartan subalgebra - Fundamental system of roots - Fundamental theorem of invariant theory - Finite spectrum - Framed cobordism - Framing of a bundle - Free on models - Free resolution - Function of spectra - Fatou conjecture - Faith conjecture a right self-injective semiprimary ring is Quasi-Frobenius - Finitistic gl dim conjecture - FGF-conjecture - Fröberg conjecture - Friedland-Herminsky conjecture Field of definition -

Hall basis - Hall monomial - Hall polynomial - Hall tree - Hall word - Hall-Viennot basis - Lazard set - Lyndon word - Chen series - Magnus's transformation - Schutzenberger's theorem - Berstel-Reutenauer - Circular language - Cyclic language - Witt's formulae - Lie idempotent - Solomon's descent algebra - Noncommutative symmetric function - Quasisymmetric function - Shuffle algebra - Lie-Butcher theory - Nichols algebra - Ariki-Koike algebra - Anatoly Illarionovich Shirshov 1921-1981 Gröbner-Shirshov basis L. A. Bokut

 * MathematicsE
 * MathematicsG

title: User:Charles Matthews/MathematicsF


text:
Fubini–Study metric

In mathematics, the Fubini–Study metric (IPA: /fubini-ʃtuːdi/) is a Kähler metric on a complex projective space CPn endowed with a Hermitian form. This metric was originally described in 1904 and 1905 by Guido Fubini and Eduard Study.

A Hermitian form in (the vector space) Cn+1 defines a unitary subgroup U(n+1) in GL(n+1,C). A Fubini–Study metric is determined up to homothety (overall scaling) by invariance under such a U(n+1) action; thus it is homogeneous. Equipped with a Fubini–Study metric, CPn is a symmetric space. The particular normalization on the metric depends on the application. In Riemannian geometry, one uses a normalization so that the Fubini–Study metric simply relates to the standard metric on the (2n+1)-sphere. In algebraic geometry, one uses a normalization making CPn a Hodge manifold.

Construction
The Fubini–Study metric arises naturally in the quotient space construction of complex projective space.

Specifically, one may define CPn to be the space consisting of all complex lines in Cn+1, i.e., the quotient of Cn+1\{0} by the equivalence relation relating all complex multiples of each point together. This agrees with the quotient by the diagonal group action of the multiplicative group C* = C \ {0}:

 * $$\mathbf{CP}^n = \left\{ \mathbf{Z} = [Z_0,Z_1,\ldots,Z_n] \in {\mathbf C}^{n+1}\setminus\{0\} \right\} \big/ \{ \mathbf{Z} \sim c\mathbf{Z}, c \in \mathbf{C}^* \}.$$

This quotient realizes Cn+1\{0} as a complex line bundle over the base space CPn. (In fact this is the so-called tautological bundle over CPn.) A point of CPn is thus identified with an equivalence class of (n+1)-tuples [Z0,...,Zn] modulo nonzero complex rescaling; the Zi are called homogeneous coordinates of the point.

Furthermore, one may realize this quotient mapping in two steps: since multiplication by a nonzero complex scalar z = R eiθ can be uniquely thought of as the composition of a dilation by the modulus R followed by a counterclockwise rotation about the origin by an angle $$\theta$$, the quotient mapping Cn+1 → CPn splits into two pieces.

 * $$\mathbf{C}^{n+1}\setminus\{0\} \mathrel{\stackrel{(a)}\longrightarrow} S^{2n+1} \mathrel{\stackrel{(b)}\longrightarrow} \mathbf{CP}^n$$

where step (a) is a quotient by the dilation Z ~ RZ for R ∈ R+, the multiplicative group of positive real numbers, and step (b) is a quotient by the rotations Z ~ eiθZ.

The result of the quotient in (a) is the real hypersphere S2n+1 defined by the equation |Z|2 = |Z0|2 + ... + |Zn|2 = 1. The quotient in (b) realizes CPn = S2n+1/S1, where S1 represents the group of rotations. This quotient is realized explicitly by the famous Hopf fibration S1 → S2n+1 → CPn, the fibers of which are among the great circles of $$S^{2n+1}$$.

As a metric quotient
When a quotient is taken of a Riemannian manifold (or metric space in general), care must be taken to ensure that the quotient space is endowed with a metric that is well-defined. For instance, if a group G acts on a Riemannian manifold (X,g), then in order for the orbit space X/G to possess an induced metric, $$g$$ must be constant along G-orbits in the sense that for any element h ∈ G and pair of vector fields $$X,Y$$ we must have g(Xh,Yh) = g(X,Y).

The standard Hermitian metric on Cn+1 is given in the standard basis by

 * $$ds^2 = d\mathbf{Z} \otimes d\bar{\mathbf{Z}} = dZ_0 \otimes d\bar{Z}_0 + \cdots + dZ_n \otimes d\bar{Z}_n$$

whose realification is the standard Euclidean metric on R2n+2. This metric is not invariant under the diagonal action of C*, so we are unable to directly push it down to CPn in the quotient. However, this metric is invariant under the diagonal action of S1 = U(1), the group of rotations. Therefore, step (b) in the above construction is possible once step (a) is accomplished.

The Fubini–Study metric is the metric induced on the quotient CPn = S2n+1/S1, where $$S^{2n+1}$$ carries the so-called "round metric" endowed upon it by restriction of the standard Euclidean metric to the unit hypersphere.

In local affine coordinates
Corresponding to a point in CPn with homogeneous coordinates $$[Z_0:\dots:Z_n] $$, there is a unique set of n coordinates $$(z_1,\dots,z_n)$$ such that
 * $$[Z_0:\dots:Z_n] \sim [1,z_1,\dots,z_n],$$

provided $$Z_0\neq 0$$; specifically, $$z_j=Z_j/Z_0$$. The $$(z_1,\dots,z_n)$$ form an affine coordinate system for CPn in the coordinate patch $$U_0=\{Z_0\neq 0\}$$. One can develop an affine coordinate system in any of the coordinate patches $$U_i=\{Z_i\neq 0\}$$ by dividing instead by $$Z_i$$ in the obvious manner. The n+1 coordinate patches $$U_i$$ cover CPn, and it is possible to give the metric explicitly in terms of the affine coordinates $$(z_1,\dots,z_n)$$ on $$U_i$$. The coordinate derivatives define a frame $$\{\partial_1,\ldots,\partial_n\}$$ of the holomorphic tangent bundle of CPn, in terms of which the Fubini–Study metric has Hermitian components

 * $$g_{i\bar{j}} = h(\partial_i,\bar{\partial}_j) = \frac{\left(1+|\mathbf{z}|\vphantom{l}^2\right)\delta_{i\bar{j}} - \bar{z}_i z_j}{\left(1+|\mathbf{z}|\vphantom{l}^2\right)^2}.$$

where |z|2 = |z1|2 + ... + |zn|2. That is, the Hermitian matrix of the Fubini–Study metric in this frame is

 * $$ \bigl[g_{i\bar{j}}\bigr] = \frac{1}{\left(1+|\mathbf{z}|\vphantom{l}^2\right)^2}

\left[ \begin{array}{cccc} 1+|\mathbf{z}|^2 - |z_1|^2 & -\bar{z}_1 z_2 & \cdots & -\bar{z}_1 z_n \\ -\bar{z}_2 z_1 & 1 + |\mathbf{z}|^2 - |z_2|^2 & \cdots & -\bar{z}_2 z_n \\ \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ -\bar{z}_n z_1 & -\bar{z}_n z_2 & \cdots & 1 + |\mathbf{z}|^2 - |z_n|^2 \end{array} \right] $$

Note that each matrix element is unitary-invariant: the diagonal action $$\mathbf{z} \mapsto e^{i\theta}\mathbf{z}$$ will leave this matrix unchanged.

Accordingly, the line element is given by
 * $$\begin{align}

ds^2 &= g_{i\bar{j}} \, dz^i \, d\bar{z}^j \\[4pt] &= \frac{\left(1+|\mathbf{z}|\vphantom{l}^2\right)|d\mathbf{z}|^2 - (\bar{\mathbf{z}}\cdot d\mathbf{z})(\mathbf{z}\cdot d\bar{\mathbf{z}})}{\left(1+|\mathbf{z}|\vphantom{l}^2\right)^2} \\[4pt] &= \frac{(1+z_i\bar{z}^i)\,dz_j\,d\bar{z}^j - \bar{z}^j z_i\,dz_j\,d\bar{z}^i}{\left(1+z_i\bar{z}^i\right)^2}. \end{align} $$ In this last expression, the summation convention is used to sum over Latin indices i,j that range from 1 to n.

The metric can be derived from the following Kähler potential:

K = \ln(1 + z_i \bar{z}^i) = \ln(1 + \delta_{i\bar{j}} z^i \bar{z}^j) $$ as

g_{i\bar{j}}=K_{i\bar{j}}=\frac{\partial^2}{\partial z^i \, \partial\bar{z}^j} K $$

Using homogeneous coordinates
An expression is also possible in the notation of homogeneous coordinates, commonly used to describe projective varieties of algebraic geometry: Z = [Z0:...:Zn]. Formally, subject to suitably interpreting the expressions involved, one has

 * $$\begin{align}

ds^2 &= \frac{|\mathbf{Z}|^2|d\mathbf{Z}|^2 - (\bar{\mathbf{Z}}\cdot d\mathbf{Z})(\mathbf{Z}\cdot d\bar{\mathbf{Z}})}{|\mathbf{Z}|^4}\\ &=\frac{Z_\alpha\bar{Z}^\alpha dZ_\beta d\bar{Z}^\beta - \bar{Z}^\alpha Z_\beta dZ_\alpha d\bar{Z}^\beta}{\left(Z_\alpha\bar{Z}^\alpha\right)^2}\\ &= \frac {2Z_{[\alpha}\,dZ_{\beta]} \bar{Z}^{[\alpha}\,\overline{dZ}^{\beta]}} {\left( Z_\alpha \bar{Z}^\alpha \right)^2}. \end{align}$$

Here the summation convention is used to sum over Greek indices α β ranging from 0 to n, and in the last equality the standard notation for the skew part of a tensor is used:

 * $$Z_{[\alpha}W_{\beta]} = \tfrac12 \left(

Z_{\alpha} W_{\beta} - Z_{\beta} W_{\alpha} \right).$$

Now, this expression for ds2 apparently defines a tensor on the total space of the tautological bundle Cn+1\{0}. It is to be understood properly as a tensor on CPn by pulling it back along a holomorphic section σ of the tautological bundle of CPn. It remains then to verify that the value of the pullback is independent of the choice of section: this can be done by a direct calculation.

The Kähler form of this metric is

 * $$\omega = \frac{i}{2}\partial\bar{\partial}\log |\mathbf{Z}|^2$$

where the $$\partial, \bar\partial$$ are the Dolbeault operators. The pullback of this is clearly independent of the choice of holomorphic section. The quantity log|Z|2 is the Kähler potential (sometimes called the Kähler scalar) of CPn.

In bra-ket coordinate notation
In quantum mechanics, the Fubini–Study metric is also known as the Bures metric. However, the Bures metric is typically defined in the notation of mixed states, whereas the exposition below is written in terms of a pure state. The real part of the metric is (a quarter of) the Fisher information metric.

The Fubini–Study metric may be written using the bra–ket notation commonly used in quantum mechanics. To explicitly equate this notation to the homogeneous coordinates given above, let

 * $$\vert \psi \rangle = \sum_{k=0}^n Z_k \vert e_k \rangle = [Z_0:Z_1:\ldots:Z_n]$$

where $$\{\vert e_k \rangle\}$$ is a set of orthonormal basis vectors for Hilbert space, the $$Z_k$$ are complex numbers, and $$Z_\alpha = [Z_0:Z_1:\ldots:Z_n]$$ is the standard notation for a point in the projective space CPn in homogeneous coordinates. Then, given two points $$\vert \psi \rangle = Z_\alpha$$ and $$\vert \varphi \rangle = W_\alpha$$ in the space, the distance (length of a geodesic) between them is

 * $$\gamma (\psi, \varphi) = \arccos

\sqrt \frac {\langle \psi \vert \varphi \rangle \; \langle \varphi \vert \psi \rangle } {\langle \psi \vert \psi \rangle \; \langle \varphi \vert \varphi \rangle} $$ or, equivalently, in projective variety notation,

 * $$\gamma (\psi, \varphi) =\gamma (Z,W) =

\arccos \sqrt {\frac {Z_\alpha \bar{W}^\alpha \; W_\beta \bar{Z}^\beta} {Z_\alpha \bar{Z}^\alpha \; W_\beta \bar{W}^\beta}}. $$

Here, $$\bar{Z}^\alpha$$ is the complex conjugate of $$Z_\alpha$$. The appearance of $$\langle \psi \vert \psi \rangle$$ in the denominator is a reminder that $$\vert \psi \rangle$$ and likewise $$\vert \varphi \rangle$$ were not normalized to unit length; thus the normalization is made explicit here. In Hilbert space, the metric can be interpreted as the angle between two vectors; thus it is occasionally called the quantum angle. The angle is real-valued, and runs from 0 to $$\pi/2$$.

The infinitesimal form of this metric may be quickly obtained by taking $$\varphi =  \psi+\delta\psi$$, or equivalently, $$W_\alpha = Z_\alpha + dZ_\alpha$$ to obtain

 * $$ds^2 = \frac{\langle \delta \psi \vert \delta \psi \rangle}

{\langle \psi \vert \psi \rangle} - \frac {\langle \delta \psi \vert \psi \rangle \; \langle \psi \vert \delta \psi \rangle} {{\langle \psi \vert \psi \rangle}^2}. $$

In the context of quantum mechanics, CP1 is called the Bloch sphere; the Fubini–Study metric is the natural metric for the geometrization of quantum mechanics. Much of the peculiar behaviour of quantum mechanics, including quantum entanglement and the Berry phase effect, can be attributed to the peculiarities of the Fubini–Study metric.

The n = 1 case
When n = 1, there is a diffeomorphism $$S^2\cong \mathbf{CP}^1$$ given by stereographic projection. This leads to the "special" Hopf fibration S1 → S3 → S2. When the Fubini–Study metric is written in coordinates on CP1, its restriction to the real tangent bundle yields an expression of the ordinary "round metric" of radius 1/2 (and Gaussian curvature 4) on S2.

Namely, if z = x + iy is the standard affine coordinate chart on the Riemann sphere CP1 and x = r cos θ, y = r sin θ are polar coordinates on C, then a routine computation shows

 * $$ds^2= \frac{\operatorname{Re}(dz \otimes d\bar{z})}{\left(1+|\mathbf{z}|\vphantom{l}^2\right)^2}

= \frac{dx^2+dy^2}{ \left(1+r^2\right)^2 } = \tfrac14(d\varphi^2 + \sin^2 \varphi\,d\theta^2) = \tfrac14 \, ds^2_{us} $$

where $$ds^2_{us}$$ is the round metric on the unit 2-sphere. Here φ, θ are "mathematician's spherical coordinates" on S2 coming from the stereographic projection r tan(φ/2) = 1, tan θ = y/x. (Many physics references interchange the roles of φ and θ.)

The Kähler form is

 * $$K=\frac{i}{2}\frac{dz\wedge d\bar{z}}{\left(1+z\bar{z}\right)^2}

= \frac{dx\wedge dy}{\left(1+x^2+y^2\right)^2}$$

Choosing as vierbeins $$e^1=dx/(1+r^2)$$ and $$e^2=dy/(1+r^2)$$, the Kähler form simplifies to
 * $$K=e^1 \wedge e^2$$

Applying the Hodge star to the Kähler form, one obtains
 * $$*K = 1$$

implying that K is harmonic.

The n = 2 case
The Fubini–Study metric on the complex projective plane CP2 has been proposed as a gravitational instanton, the gravitational analog of an instanton. The metric, the connection form and the curvature are readily computed, once suitable real 4D coordinates are established. Writing $$(x,y,z,t)$$ for real Cartesian coordinates, one then defines polar coordinate one-forms on the 4-sphere (the quaternionic projective line) as

 * $$\begin{align}

r\,dr &= +x\,dx+y\,dy+z\,dz+t\,dt \\ r^2\sigma_1 &= -t\,dx-z\,dy+y\,dz+x\,dt \\ r^2\sigma_2 &= +z\,dx-t\,dy-x\,dz+y\,dt \\ r^2\sigma_3 &= -y\,dx+x\,dy-t\,dz+z\,dt \end{align}$$ The $$\sigma_1, \sigma_2, \sigma_3$$ are the standard left-invariant one-form coordinate frame on the Lie group $$SU(2)=S^3$$; that is, they obey $$d\sigma_i=2\sigma_j\wedge\sigma_k$$ for $$i,j,k=1,2,3$$ cyclic.

The corresponding local affine coordinates are $$z_1=x+iy$$ and $$z_2=z+it$$ then provide
 * $$\begin{align}

z_1\bar{z}_1+z_2\bar{z}_2 &= r^2 = x^2+y^2+z^2+t^2 \\ dz_1\,d\bar{z}_1 + dz_2\,d\bar{z}_2 &= dr^{\,2} + r^2(\sigma_1^{\,2}+\sigma_2^{\,2}+\sigma_3^{\,2}) \\ \bar{z}_1\,dz_1 + \bar{z}_2\,dz_2 &= rdr + i\, r^2 \sigma_3 \end{align}$$ with the usual abbreviations that $$dr^{\,2}=dr\otimes dr$$ and $$\sigma_k^{\,2}=\sigma_k\otimes\sigma_k$$.

The line element, starting with the previously given expression, is given by
 * $$\begin{align}

ds^2 &= \frac{dz_j\,d\bar{z}^j}{1+z_i\bar{z}^i} - \frac{\bar{z}^j z_i\,dz_j\,d\bar{z}^i}{(1+z_i\bar{z}^i)^2} \\[5pt] &= \frac{dr^{\,2}+r^2(\sigma_1^{\,2}+\sigma_2^{\,2}+\sigma_3^{\,2})}{1+r^2} - \frac{r^2dr^{\,2} + r^4 \sigma_3^{\,2}}{\left(1+r^2\right)^2} \\[4pt] &= \frac{dr^{\,2}+r^2\sigma_3^{\,2}}{\left(1+r^2\right)^2} + \frac{r^2\left(\sigma_1^{\,2}+\sigma_2^{\,2}\right)}{1+r^2} \end{align}$$

The vierbeins can be immediately read off from the last expression:
 * $$\begin{align}

e^0 = \frac{dr}{1+r^2} & & & e^3 = \frac{r\sigma_3}{1+r^2} \\[5pt] e^1 = \frac{r\sigma_1}{\sqrt{1+r^2}} & & & e^2 = \frac{r\sigma_2}{\sqrt{1+r^2}} \end{align}$$

That is, in the vierbein coordinate system, using roman-letter subscripts, the metric tensor is Euclidean:

 * $$ds^2=\delta_{ab} e^a\otimes e^b =

e^0 \otimes e^0 + e^1 \otimes e^1 + e^2 \otimes e^2 + e^3 \otimes e^3.$$

Given the vierbein, a spin connection can be computed; the Levi-Civita spin connection is the unique connection that is torsion-free and covariantly constant, namely, it is the one-form $$\omega^a_{\;\;b}$$ that satisfies the torsion-free condition
 * $$de^a + \omega^a_{\;\;b} \wedge e^b = 0$$

and is covariantly constant, which, for spin connections, means that it is antisymmetric in the vierbein indexes:
 * $$\omega_{ab} = -\omega_{ba}$$

The above is readily solved; one obtains
 * $$\begin{align}

\omega^0_{\;\;1} &= - \omega^2_{\;\;3} = -\frac{e^1}{r} \\ \omega^0_{\;\;2} &= - \omega^3_{\;\;1} = -\frac{e^2}{r} \\ \omega^0_{\;\;3} &= \frac{r^2-1}{r} e^3 \quad\quad \omega^1_{\;\;2} = \frac{1+2r^2}{r} e^3 \\ \end{align}$$

The curvature 2-form is defined as
 * $$R^a_{\;\,b} = d\omega^a_{\;\,b} + \omega^a_{\;c} \wedge \omega^c_{\;\,b}$$

and is constant:
 * $$\begin{align}

R_{01} &= -R_{23} = e^0\wedge e^1 - e^2\wedge e^3 \\ R_{02} &= -R_{31} = e^0\wedge e^2 - e^3\wedge e^1 \\ R_{03} &= 4 e^0\wedge e^3 + 2 e^1\wedge e^2 \\ R_{12} &= 2 e^0\wedge e^3 + 4 e^1\wedge e^2 \end{align}$$

The Ricci tensor in veirbein indexes is given by

 * $$\operatorname{Ric}^a_{\;\;c}=R^a_{\;\,bcd} \delta^{bd}$$

where the curvature 2-form was expanded as a four-component tensor:
 * $$R^a_{\;\,b} = \tfrac12 R^a_{\;\,bcd}e^c\wedge e^d$$

The resulting Ricci tensor is constant
 * $$\operatorname{Ric}_{ab}=6\delta_{ab}$$

so that the resulting Einstein equation
 * $$\operatorname{Ric}_{ab} - \tfrac12 \delta_{ab}R + \Lambda\delta_{ab} = 0$$

can be solved with the cosmological constant $$\Lambda=6$$.

The Weyl tensor for Fubini–Study metrics in general is given by
 * $$W_{abcd}=R_{abcd} - 2\left(\delta_{ac}\delta_{bd} - \delta_{ad}\delta_{bc}\right)$$

For the n = 2 case, the two-forms
 * $$W_{ab}=\tfrac12 W_{abcd} e^c \wedge e^d$$

are self-dual:

 * $$\begin{align}

W_{01} &= W_{23} = -e^0\wedge e^1 - e^2\wedge e^3 \\ W_{02} &= W_{31} = -e^0\wedge e^2 - e^3\wedge e^1 \\ W_{03} &= W_{12} = 2 e^0\wedge e^3 + 2 e^1\wedge e^2 \end{align}$$

Curvature properties
In the n = 1 special case, the Fubini–Study metric has constant sectional curvature identically equal to 4, according to the equivalence with the 2-sphere's round metric (which given a radius R has sectional curvature $$1/R^2$$). However, for n > 1, the Fubini–Study metric does not have constant curvature. Its sectional curvature is instead given by the equation

 * $$K(\sigma) = 1 + 3\langle JX,Y \rangle^2$$

where $$\{X,Y\} \in T_p \mathbf{CP}^n$$ is an orthonormal basis of the 2-plane σ, J : TCPn → TCPn is the complex structure on CPn, and $$\langle \cdot, \cdot \rangle$$ is the Fubini–Study metric.

A consequence of this formula is that the sectional curvature satisfies $$1 \leq K(\sigma) \leq 4$$ for all 2-planes $$\sigma$$. The maximum sectional curvature (4) is attained at a holomorphic 2-plane — one for which J(σ) ⊂ σ — while the minimum sectional curvature (1) is attained at a 2-plane for which J(σ) is orthogonal to σ. For this reason, the Fubini–Study metric is often said to have "constant holomorphic sectional curvature" equal to 4.

This makes CPn a (non-strict) quarter pinched manifold; a celebrated theorem shows that a strictly quarter-pinched simply connected n-manifold must be homeomorphic to a sphere.

The Fubini–Study metric is also an Einstein metric in that it is proportional to its own Ricci tensor: there exists a constant $$\Lambda$$; such that for all i,j we have

 * $$\operatorname{Ric}_{ij} = \Lambda g_{ij}.$$

This implies, among other things, that the Fubini–Study metric remains unchanged up to a scalar multiple under the Ricci flow. It also makes CPn indispensable to the theory of general relativity, where it serves as a nontrivial solution to the vacuum Einstein field equations.

The cosmological constant $$\Lambda$$ for CPn is given in terms of the dimension of the space:
 * $$\operatorname{Ric}_{ij} = 2(n+1) g_{ij}.$$

Product metric
The common notions of separability apply for the Fubini–Study metric. More precisely, the metric is separable on the natural product of projective spaces, the Segre embedding. That is, if $$\vert\psi\rangle$$ is a separable state, so that it can be written as $$\vert\psi\rangle=\vert\psi_A\rangle\otimes\vert\psi_B\rangle$$, then the metric is the sum of the metric on the subspaces:

 * $$ds^2 = {ds_A}^2+{ds_B}^2$$

where $${ds_A}^2$$ and $${ds_B}^2$$ are the metrics, respectively, on the subspaces A and B.

Connection and curvature
The fact that the metric can be derived from the Kähler potential means that the Christoffel symbols and the curvature tensors contain a lot of symmetries, and can be given a particularly simple form: The Christoffel symbols, in the local affine coordinates, are given by

\Gamma^i_{\;jk}=g^{i\bar{m}}\frac{\partial g_{k\bar{m}}}{\partial z^j} \qquad \Gamma^\bar{i}_{\;\bar{j}\bar{k}}=g^{\bar{i}m}\frac{\partial g_{\bar{k}m}}{\partial \bar{z}^\bar{j}} $$ The Riemann tensor is also particularly simple:

R_{i\bar{j}k\bar{l}}=g^{i\bar{m}}\frac{\partial \Gamma^\bar{m}_{\;\;\bar{j}\bar{l}}}{\partial z^k} $$ The Ricci tensor is

R_{\bar{i}j}= R^{\bar{k}}_{\; \bar{i}\bar{k} j} = - \frac{\partial \Gamma^\bar{k}_{\;\bar{i}\bar{k}}}{\partial z^j} \qquad R_{i\bar{j}}= R^k_{\; ik \bar{j}} = - \frac{\partial \Gamma^k_{\;ik}}{\partial \bar{z}^\bar{j}} $$

title: Fubini–Study metric


text:
Tehelka

Tehelka (lit. 'Sensation') is an Indian news magazine known for its investigative journalism and sting operations. According to the British newspaper The Independent, the Tehelka was founded by Tarun Tejpal, Aniruddha Bahal and another colleague who worked together at the Outlook magazine after "an investor with deep pockets" agreed to underwrite their startup. Bahal left Tehelka in 2005 to start Cobrapost – an Indian news website, after which Tehelka was managed by Tejpal through 2013. In 2013, Tejpal stepped aside from Tehelka after being accused of sexual assault by his employee. Tehelka had cumulative losses of inr 660000000 till 2013, while being majority owned and financed by Kanwar Deep Singh – an industrialist, a politician and a member of Indian parliament (Rajya Sabha).

The magazine began circulating tabloid-format newspapers in 2004 and switched to magazine in 2007. Tehelka first sting operation was on a cricket match fixing scandal in 2000. In 2001, it won national fame and public support for its sting "Operation West End". This 2001 undercover operation recorded and released footage of government officials accepting prostitutes and bribes in a fake arms deal. This caused the resignations of several officials including the then Defence Minister and two presidents of the ruling parties. In 2007, Tehelka published a report against members of the Bajrang Dal and for their role in the Naroda Patiya massacre during the 2002 Gujarat violence. The report, called "The Truth: Gujarat 2002", was based on a six-month sting operation with video footage of the members admitting their role in the violence, along with claims that later proved to be "boastful lies". It won the International Press Institute (IPI) India Award for Excellence in Journalism in 2010 and 2011.

History
Tarun Tejpal, Aniruddha Bahal and a colleague quit their jobs from Outlook magazine and started Tehelka in New Delhi as a website in 2000.

Tehelka gained national fame when Aniruddha Bahal and Matthew Samuel completed and published undercover videotapes about corruption in a fake arms deal through the sting – "Operation West End" – in 2001. The Tehelka report triggered a government inquiry. The exposé caught senior defence personnel and politicians of the Samata Party, the Bharatiya Janata Party and others accepting bribes from a fake company offering fake defence products. The scandal and subsequent inquiry led to the resignation of many including India's Defence Minister. Politicians from various parties called for action against Tehelka journalists for its unethical methods such as procuring and providing prostitutes for its undercover sting. According to Navdip Dhariwal, the Tehelka staff saw the government inquiry as a direct attack on them. By 2003, Tehelka staff decreased from 120 to 3 and the website shut down because of debts. Bahal left Tehelka in the same year, saying the government was "bogging us down with a lot of legal nonsense" and later founded Cobrapost.com.

In 2004, after more than 200 writers, lawyers, business people and activists became founder-subscribers, Tehelka was relaunched as a reader-financed weekly newspaper in tabloid format. Among the supporters were activist Arundhati Roy, Congress party politician Shashi Tharoor and Nobel laureate V.S. Naipaul. It called itself the "People's Paper" and the reporters took a tour around the country promoting what they called "free, fair and fearless" journalism. After its Naroda Patiya sting operation in 2007, it sold around 75,000 to 90,000 copies per week. It still suffered large financial losses, since it attracted very few advertisements and the magazine primarily relied on subscribers and copies sold as of 2008. Tehelka had cumulative losses of inr 660000000 through 2013, while being majority owned and financed by Kanwar Deep Singh – an industrialist, a politician and a member of Indian parliament (Rajya Sabha) initially elected by Jharkhand Mukti Morcha, later All India Trinamool Congress.

Tejpal changed Tehelka from tabloid to magazine in September 2007 to encourage more potential advertisers, but found it difficult because of their sting operations. Tejpal started the Hindi language website in 2007 and then Tehelka's Hindi News magazine. Sanjay Dubey was the executive editor of the Hindi magazine. In the early years, Tarun Tejpal was Tehelka's largest shareholder through his shell company Agni Media. In an interview to The New York Times, Tejpal stated that he covered the losses at Tehelka by soliciting funds from his personal contacts.

"THiNK Fest" was started in 2011 as an annual literary festival and promoted as an event of Tehelka, though the program was run by an organisation called Thinkworks Pvt Ltd, a company owned by Tejpal, his sister Neena and managing editor Shoma Chaudhury. It featured Bollywood actors, global thinkers and sessions on new technology.

According to The New York Times, during a Tehelka organized "Think Fest" event in November 2013, a staff reporter of Tehelka accused Tejpal of rape and repeated sexual assault. Tejpal was arrested by Goa police and he stepped aside as editor of Tehelka, and his colleague Shoma Chaudhury resigned from Tehelka on 28 November because of the incident. In 2014, Mathew Samuel became the managing editor of Tehelka. In March 2016, Charanjit Ahuja became the editor of the fortnightly.

Match-fixing scandal (2000)
Bahal and Tejpal convinced cricketer Manoj Prabhakar to record conversations with his colleagues, after the South Africa cricket match fixing scandal involving Hansie Cronje in March 2000. Prabhakar and Bahal went around the country and Prabhakar, wearing hidden recording equipment, attended meetings with important Indian cricket board officials (BCCI) and players. He recorded conversations where they talked about links between players and bookmakers, matches being thrown in return for money, deliberate run-outs and the names of players involved. They recorded more than 40 hours of taped conversations, which the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) used as evidence for its own inquiry. The CBI implicated Mohammad Azharuddin, Ajay Jadeja and Ajay Sharma as the cricketers involved. The documentary Fallen Heroes: The Betrayal of a Nation, which was released in May of the same year, showed Prabhakar's work and Bahal published his report on Tehelka.com.

Operation West End (2001)
In 2001, Tehelka did its first major sting investigation called "Operation West End". It involved Mathew Samuel and Bahal, filming how they bribed several defence officials and politicians from the then-ruling NDA-led (National Democratic Alliance) Indian government, posing as arms dealers. Charging a commission from defence deals is illegal in India. They started their investigation in August 2000 because of hearing rumours of middlemen getting rich in such deals in the 1980s. They created a fake British company based in Regent Street, London called "West End". Bahal and Samuel then found out that the Indian army would be interested in obtaining thermal imaging cameras. They printed business cards and photographs of particular camera models in Tehelka's office in suburban Delhi and Samuel did the main dealings.

They initially had to bribe junior officials in the defence ministry for amounts ranging from inr 10000 to inr 60000, to help them in securing deals with several middlemen. These middlemen said they "fixed" deals before involving jets and artillery; Samuel and Bahal recorded these conversations using hidden cameras. They dealt with Samata Party President Jaya Jaitley (The then Defence Minister George Fernandes belonged to this party), whom they paid inr 300000, and she agreed to tell Fernandes about them. After bribing other officials, they were introduced to the then Bharatiya Janta Party (BJP) President Bangaru Laxman who accepted inr 150000 as a "small new year's gift". Laxman recommended they meet Brajesh Mishra, who was the National Security Advisor to Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee.

The operation took seven and a half months with Tejpal later saying that the total amount they paid in bribes was inr 1500000. The deals were in expensive hotels and few officials asked for branded whisky. In this whole operation, they recorded around 100 hours of video footage.

Six months after Tehelka had made public its investigations, The Indian Express acquired and published transcripts of the video tapes. It showed that as part of the investigations, the reporters hired prostitutes to serve the officials. This raised ethical questions about the methods used. Tejpal later issued a statement denying that any of its women staff were provided as prostitutes. Politicians of the ruling parties called for the journalist's arrests for supplying prostitutes and questioned their ethics. Tejpal called that part of the investigation as a "needed transgression". The public and majority of their competitors supported them; The Times of India concluded that the issue of ethics "pales before the sleaze their team has dug up", The Hindu called it a "turning point in Indian journalism" but The Indian Express criticised the methods used by the Tehelka team. Tejpal received death threats and was given police protection. His reporters said that their "extraordinary methods" were for the larger public and national interest.

V S Naipal held a news conference and met the then Deputy Prime Minister L K Advani. Naipal told the media, "This thing that has happened to Tehelka has been profoundly disappointing to me, It comes from another era. It serves no purpose. It seems to me it will profoundly damage the country." In 2004, the CBI registered cases against Jaitley, Laxman and others in the army and the Ministry of Defence. In 2012, Laxman was sentenced to four years in jail by additional sessions Judge Kanwal Jeet Arora for this case. Author and journalist Madhu Trehan wrote a non-fiction book in 2009 on this incident, called Tehelka as Metaphor.

"The Truth: Gujarat 2002" (2007)
In 2007, Tehelka released footage filmed over six months relating to the 2002 anti-Muslim riots in Gujarat. According to Uday Mahurkar writing in the India Today, it showed "VHP activists, actual perpetrators of the crimes as well as government counsel boasting" they had a role in attacking the Muslim community during the 2002 Gujarat violence. The report, called "The Truth: Gujarat 2002", was published in its 7 November 2007 issue and the video footage was shown on Aaj Tak. It said that the violence was possible because of approval by the state police, as well as the then Chief Minister of Gujarat Narendra Modi.

The Tehelka report was based on allegations made during the undercover interviews. According to Mahurkar, efforts to corroborate the allegations suggest that it contains "boastful lies". For example, two interviewees claimed that Modi visited them in Naroda Patiya and thanked them, when official records of the chief minister Modi's movements show he did not. Similarly, another VHP activist stated in the Tehelka report that a police superintendent named Gadhvi was on duty and killed five Muslims in Dariapur during the riots. However, attempts to corroborate this Tehelka report claim failed as Gadhvi arrived in Dariapur a month later.

Other notable sting operations

 * On 23 July 2009, when police in Manipur claimed they had killed a suspected militant who had shot at them, Tehelka released 12 photographs which showed the police pushing an unarmed person, who was their suspect, into a pharmacy and later carrying him out dead; thus, indicating it was a fake encounter. This report caused protests in Manipur, mainly against the power granted to security forces under the Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act, 1958 (AFSPA). The police used tear gas and imposed a curfew against these agitations.
 * In 2010, Tehelka captured on camera, right-wing organisation Sri Ram Sena leader Pramod Muthalik and other members, agreeing to vandalise an art exhibition in exchange for money. The organisation was seen accepting inr 10000 as a donation from a Tehelka reporter, who posed as the artist wanting publicity.

Criticism
Tehelka has been criticised mainly for its investigative journalism which led to the debate about its ethics. It has been accused of siding with the Congress party of India. After Tehelka got financial backing for its relaunch as a magazine, it was further accused of favouring the companies which supported "THiNK Fest" in spite of the magazine's previous anti-corporate stance. Tehelka has denied these allegations.

Private treaty: suppressing unfavorable reports
Raman Kripal, a senior editor of Tehelka, accused the magazine of suppressing a report that was unfavorable to the Goa mining industry, allegedly because Tehelka wanted Congress-led Digambar Kamat state government's support for the Tejpal owned and profitable "Think Fest" event in Goa. Tejpal defended Tehelka stating that Kripal was "asked to leave because of poor performance". According to Debarshi Dasgupta, it was an unusual coincidence that mining groups placed advertisements and sponsored Tehelka events just when the report was suppressed by Tehelka. Further, states a critical article in The Outlook, if Tehelka lost money in its operations, how was it able to acquire major properties in Goa? Given Tehelka purported goals and mission to fight for the public transparency, why did it secretly seek, misrepresent and receive a inr 8500000 grant from the Goa government for the 2011 private Tehelka event to invite movie stars and other celebrities. The Tehelka and its sting targets, states the Outlook magazine, seem to be a "ruse to expand personal wealth [of Tejpal]".

According to Sevanti Ninan, a former Tehelka employee and later a columnist at the Mint newspaper, this was not an isolated event. Tehelka suppressed stories related to multiple sponsors. "Whenever there was a sponsor involved for Think Fest", states Ninan, "things would get murky for Tehelka and stories would be killed".

According to Maya Ranganathan, the post-Tejpal-arrest discussions and the critical examination of Tehelka have led multiple scholars to not only praise its early aim of being alternative mainstream non-conformist media, but recounted how it failed and how it allowed advertisers and those who paid to influence content published by Tehelka.

Unpaid workers, amassing mountain estate
Tehelka employees complained that they were not "even being paid their salaries regularly and many had to quit" in late 2000s and early 2010s, while at the same time Tehelka and Tejpal acquired "a swanky property near Nainital" and took "money from lifetime subscribers", or while the magazine's management visited London and boasted of their financial success. Similarly, the conflict of interest in the operations at Tehelka has been questioned because the magazine accepted money from Congress party's Kapil Sibal when he was a Union Minister.

Allegations of double standards
The former employees and journalists of Tehelka have criticized its founders and management for "lack of transparency" about the magazine's ownership, finances and who had been bankrolling their substantial annual losses. They have called the internal lack of transparency as something in stark contrast to the transparency it aims to share by publishing undercover sting operations on everyone outside of Tehelka. The Outlook quotes a former employee of Tehelka summarizing this criticism as "they [Tehelka's management] said it’s their business to suspect people’s intentions but refused to let others question them. I doubt they even followed half of the strict rules they set for others".

Sexual assault case against Tejpal
The sexual assault allegations against Tejpal in November 2013 received intense public attention and invited the media scrutiny of Tehelka. Tejpal's and Shoma Chaudhury's behavior immediately after the allegations emerged were seen as hypocrisy given Tehelka had previously published a special issue on sexual violence in India and highlighted victim's rights in February 2013. Within days of the sexual assault allegations, Tehelka emails and messages showed an attempt to "tarnish the victim's reputation". According to Tunku Varadarajan, the rhetoric in Tehelka about women's right sounded hollow, and "Tejpal is, perhaps, just another unreconstructed, predatory Indian male who was playing the part of politically correct editor for commercial effect" at Tehelka. Further, both Tejpal and his fellow Tehelka executive Chaudhury, "sought to minimize the damage by private treaty" with the victim, calling the assault as a "lapse of judgment", "awful misreading of the situation" and an "untoward incident", indicative of double standards in Tehelka for behavior that "carried a penalty of significant jail-time in the world outside Tehelka", states Varadarajan.

Ownership
As of 2013, Tehelka was running significant losses every year, and the Indian media questioned how and why these losses were being bankrolled by the industrialist and Trinamool Congress member K. D. Singh and his shell company Anant Media Private Limited and Alchemist group. The politician K. D. Singh has been accused of launching an undercover sting operation through an employee of Tehelka – Mathew Samuel – against politicians of his own party Trinamool Congress. Both Singh – the once majority shareholder of Tehelka – and his companies remain a target of serious fraud investigations including a ponzi scheme in West Bengal.

Sting journalism
After "Operation West End", Tehelka "sting journalism" influenced the Indian media. Within five years, its news channels began to regularly feature sting operations. Tejpal called it the "greatest tool of journalistic investigation and exposure" and that it was for public interest.

Inspired by Tehelka's method and the resulting national fame, a flood of sting and entrapment operations were increasingly "routinized as the corporeal edge of public life" in India, states Ravi Sundaram. These ranged from anticorruption exposés, political battles, domestic battles, propaganda material against opponents, publicity tool and to blackmail. False claims, careless lies, speculative hearsay and doctored tapes purportedly in "public interest" were created and published to misrepresent the reality and to target opponents and innocent lives. Fabricated sting operations published by a media group, for example, accused a local school teacher of operating a prostitution ring which led to upset parents and violent riots. In another case, a company's management hired a "sting journalism" team to gather evidence against its own workers. Concerned with the growing misuse of sting journalism, an Indian court ruled, "Sting operations showing acts and facts as they are truly and actually happening may be necessary in public interest and as a tool for justice, but a hidden camera cannot be allowed to depict something which is not true, correct and is not happening but has happened because of inducement by entrapping a person", according to Ravi Sundaram.

According to Maya Ranganathan, the genre of sting journalism started by Tehelka in India has spawned 'entrapment journalism'. Unlike other countries such as the USA where 'sting journalism' is illegal, in India it is legal and has increasing led to "aims and means" where a sting journalist team presumes a group or ideology as corrupt, targets them through undercover operation to show them to be corrupt, and then plies them with promise of large bribes (financial reward) or social pressure till the resistance of the target cracks. The target succumbs to the entrapment and is captured in the moment of weakness by a hidden camera. The target may have no criminal intent to begin with, but was goaded into a criminal act by the "sting journalist". Though sensational and potentially destructive for the target, it does not serve the public interest.

Authorities and politicians demanded a sort of legislation over such "stings". Journalists against such sting operations, questioned the difference between this type of reporting and entrapment. Others questioned whether some subjects of the sting journalism were in public interest or a form of voyeurism. The Supreme Court of India expressed its concern over the cases of freelance reporters selling their sting reports, questioning whether their intent was for money or public interest. Cases of sting operations where fake evidence were given increased the court's criticism. Tejpal said, "there may be bad, motivated and indifferent stings - but that is no different from the rest of journalism".

Awards

 * In 2007, The Guardian named Tarun Tejpal among the 20 who constitute "India's new elite" for being a pioneer in sting journalism.
 * In 2010, The Daily Beast named Shoma Chaudhury among the 150 in the list of "women who shake the world".
 * In 2010, Tehelka won the IPI India Award for Excellence in Journalism (International Press Institute) for its report on the fake encounter by security forces in Manipur.
 * In 2011, Tehelka won the IPI India Award for Excellence in Journalism, which was shared with The Week, for its report on the "rent a riot" tactics of the Sri Ram Sena (The Week won it for its report on fake medical and dental colleges).
 * In 2012, Tushita Mittal, from the magazine's Kolkata bureau, won the Chameli Devi Jain award for Outstanding Woman Mediaperson for 2012 for her reports on interior Bengal, Odisha and Chhattisgarh affected by Naxal violence.
 * In 2012, Jeemon Jecob, the South India bureau chief, was nominated for Statesman award (started by The Statesman group) for rural reporting.

title: Tehelka


text:
Talk:Lane Cove

Page move
This page was moved from "Lane Cove" to "Lane Cove, New South Wales" as per the naming convention set out at Wikipedia:Naming conventions (places) -- Ianblair23 09:23, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

Separate page for the Local Government Area
As per discussion at Talk:List of Sydney suburbs, I have created a separate page for the Municipality of Lane Cove, the Local Government Area. -- Ianblair23 09:53, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 7 external links on Lane Cove. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070830170100/http://www.lanecove.nsw.gov.au/About%20the%20Area/History%20and%20Profile/History/History.htm to http://www.lanecove.nsw.gov.au/About%20the%20Area/History%20and%20Profile/History/History.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120317142100/http://www.stmichaelslanecove.com/school/history1.asp to http://www.stmichaelslanecove.com/school/history1.asp
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20060822125537/http://www.lanecove.nsw.gov.au/Living%20in%20the%20Area/Parks/Facilities/PotteryGreenOval.htm to http://www.lanecove.nsw.gov.au/Living%20in%20the%20Area/Parks/Facilities/PotteryGreenOval.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110912224621/http://womansday.ninemsn.com.au/celebrity/celebrityprofiles/1015207/nicole-kidman to http://womansday.ninemsn.com.au/celebrity/celebrityprofiles/1015207/nicole-kidman
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120126001722/http://lanecoveartsociety.multiply.com/ to http://lanecoveartsociety.multiply.com/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130409221358/http://carisbrookhouse.com.au/society.htm to http://www.carisbrookhouse.com.au/society.htm
 * Added tag to http://ecouncil.lanecove.nsw.gov.au/newtrim/documents/1014235657/TRIM_TE_REC_709814.PDF
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120121230153/http://www.sydneynorth.nsw.uca.org.au/congregations/lane-cove-uniting-church to http://www.sydneynorth.nsw.uca.org.au/congregations/lane-cove-uniting-church

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 19:10, 16 December 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lane Cove