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509th Infantry Regiment (United States)

The 509th Infantry Regiment (previously the 509th Parachute Infantry Regiment) is an airborne infantry regiment of the United States Army. The unit was initially activated as a single battalion, the 504th Parachute Infantry Battalion, in October 1941 at Fort Benning, Georgia. Nicknamed "Geronimo", the 509th conducted the U.S. Army's first combat jump during World War II on 8 November 1942, flying 1,500 miles from England to seize Tafarquay airport in Oran, Algeria. The 509th made a total of five combat jumps during the war.

The 1st and 3rd Battalions remain active. 1st Battalion serves as the Opposing Force (OPFOR) at the U.S. Army's Joint Readiness Training Center at Fort Johnson, Louisiana, while 3rd Battalion is assigned to the 2nd Infantry Brigade Combat Team (Airborne), 11th Airborne Division, at Fort Richardson, Alaska. The 509th operates independently from larger airborne units such as the 82nd Airborne Division.

History
The advent of World War II ushered in a need for highly mobile units capable of quick insertion within the theater of battle by the Allies. Originally constituted on March 14, 1941, as the 504th Parachute Infantry Battalion (PIB) and activated on October 5, the 509th PIB qualified its first paratroopers at Fort Benning, Georgia. The unit moved to Fort Bragg, North Carolina, where the 503rd and 504th Parachute Infantry Battalions were joined together to form the 503rd Parachute Infantry Regiment on February 24, 1942, two months after the United States entered World War II. The 504th PIB was reorganized and redesignated as the 503rd's 2nd Battalion, with Companies A, B, and C becoming Companies D, E, and F, respectively. This unit trained with the British 1st Parachute Brigade in England, earned the honorary title "Red Devils", and were authorized to wear the maroon beret. The maroon beret remains an iconic symbol of airborne units. Paratroopers wear it today.

In June 1942, under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Edson Duncan Raff, the battalion was detached from the 503rd PIR and sailed to Scotland, becoming the first American parachute unit to go overseas in World War II. The battalion was attached to the British 1st Airborne Division for training, which included mass tactical jumps from C-47 aircraft at 350 feet, extensive night training, and speed marching for 10 miles to and from the training area daily; and on one occasion, marching 32 miles in 11 hours. In the summer of 1942, Allied forces were completing the task of planning Operation Torch, the Allied invasion of North Africa, with the 2nd Battalion, 503rd PIR scheduled to take the lead and make the first combat jump.

Operation Torch was the first joint military action undertaken by the Allies in World War II. This was the springboard for the idea, formed by British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, of attacking the "soft underbelly of Europe" before attempting a cross-channel attack from England onto mainland Europe. The main objective of Torch was to seize French Northwest Africa and, for political reasons, the Americans would lead operation. The airborne segment of the operation entailed flying 1,500 miles from England to seize two French airfields near Oran.

On 2 November 1942, days before Operation Torch began, the unit was re-designated once again as the 2nd Battalion, 509th Parachute Infantry. On this day, as C-47s flew over the English countryside, the 509th paratrooper was born.

North Africa Campaign - Operation Torch
The 2-509th carried out the first American combat jump during the invasion of North Africa. The transport planes flew all the way from English airfields to the African coast. This first operation was unsuccessful, with 7 of its 39 C-47s widely scattered. Only 10 aircraft actually dropped their troops, while the others unloaded after 28 troop carriers, nearly out of fuel, landed on the Sebkha d'Oran, a dry lake near their target. The 509th marched overland to occupy its objective, and on 15 November 355 paratroopers successfully dropped on the Youks-les-Bains Airfield.

Liberation of Ventotene - Italy
Forty-six paratroopers from the 509th's Scout Company (the first pathfinders) participated in the liberation of Ventotene, a small Italian island, on 9 September 1943. The German commander was tricked into surrendering to the weaker American force before realizing his mistake. An account of this is given in John Steinbeck's "Once There Was a War." On 10 December 1943, the battalion was redesignated as the 509th Parachute Infantry Battalion.

Italy & Southern France
During 1943–1944, the 509th PIR served in the Italian mainland campaign and invasion of southern France. Because of the terrain, in both campaigns the regiment often found itself serving as de facto mountain infantry.

The Italian mainland campaign began with a combat jump at Avellino, on 14 September 1943 was widely dispersed and failed, incurring significant casualties.

On 22 January 1944, the 509th PIR took part in the seaborne landings at Anzio, just south of Rome. Corporal Paul B. Huff, a member of the 509th, became the first US paratrooper to be awarded the Medal of Honor, on 29 February 1944, after an action at Anzio.

A second combat jump, on 15 August 1944, occurred around Le Muy and St Tropez in southern France.

France - Operation Dragoon - Southern France
Southern France.

Belgium - Battle of the Bulge
During the Battle of the Bulge in late 1944, the 509th fought in Belgium to blunt the German attack. An account of this battle is described in the book "Bloody Clash at Sadzot." The 509th Infantry Regiment's service during World War II concluded at the end of January 1945 near St. Vith, Belgium. Of the original 700 paratroopers who entered the battle, approximately ninety-three percent were injured. Effective 1 March 1945, the 509th PIB was disbanded, and the soldiers who remained were reassigned as replacements in the U.S. 82nd Airborne Division or the U.S. 17th Airborne Division.

Germany
After World War II, the colors of the 509th remained inactive until 1963, when Company A, 509th PIB was reactivated as HHC, 1st Battalion (Airborne), 509th Infantry, and Company B, 509th PIB was reactivated as HHC, 2nd Battalion (Airborne), 509th Infantry.

Since 1958 the 8th Infantry Division in Germany had had an Airborne component consisting of the 1st Airborne Battle Group, 504th Infantry, and the 1st Airborne Battle Group, 505th Infantry, as well as other supporting elements on jump status. When the division reorganized from the Pentomic structure to the new structure using brigades and battalions, 1-504th and 1-505th were replaced by 1-509th and 2-509th, respectively. Located at Lee Barracks in Mainz-Gonsenheim, Germany, the two battalions formed the infantry component of the 1st Brigade (Airborne), 8th Infantry Division (Mechanized). Other units of the brigade included the 5th Battalion (Airborne), 81st Artillery; Troop A (Airborne), 3rd Squadron, 8th Cavalry; Company A (Airborne), 12th Engineer Battalion; and Company B (Airborne), 8th Medical Battalion.

Italy
In 1973, as the 1st Brigade's jump status was ending, a new unit with the designation of 3d Battalion (Airborne), 509th Infantry (bearing the lineage of the World War II-era Company C, 509th PIB) was activated to form an Airborne Battalion Combat Team (ABCT) from elements of the existing airborne forces within the brigade. After a brief training period at Rhine Kaserne Barracks in West Germany, the unit moved to Vicenza, Italy, as a separate Airborne Battalion Combat Team. Commanded by LTC Ward M. Lehardy, it was composed of a Headquarters and Headquarters Company (HHC), a Combat Support Company (CSC), three Airborne Rifle Companies, and Company D, a field artillery battery, the predecessor of what later became Battery D, 319th Field Artillery (towed 105 mm) activated on 1 October 1988. The colors of 1-509th and 2-509th were reflagged as 2-28th and 2-87th. Shortly after its arrival in Italy, the 3d Battalion, 509th Infantry was reflagged as the 1st Battalion, 509th Infantry. In 1983, 1-509th in Italy was reflagged as the 4th Battalion (Airborne), 325th Infantry to align it with elements of the 82nd Airborne Division at Fort Bragg under an Army-wide combat arms battalion rotation program.

Geronimo returns to the United States
On 1 July 1975 the lineage of Co C, 509th PIB was again reactivated, this time at Fort Rucker, Alabama, as the separate Company C (Pathfinder), 509th Infantry. The company was created by reflagging the existing 5th Infantry Detachment (Pathfinder), which had served at the post since 24 June 1963. (A Pathfinder presence at Fort Rucker can be traced back to 1960 with the activation of the Pathfinder Team, Company A, 2d Battle Group, 31st Infantry, to support the Aviation Center. It was authorized two lieutenants, an E-7, an E-5, four E-4s and four E-3s, by order of a letter from the Department of the Army to the Commanding General, Third US Army dated 10 March 1960 with the subject line "Reorganization of the 2d Battle Group, 31st Infantry." On 24 June 1963 the pathfinder unit was reflagged as the 5th Infantry Detachment.) Contrary to some erroneous accounts, Company C (Pathfinder) 509th Infantry was not created by transferring Company C, 1st Battalion, 509th Infantry from Italy to Fort Rucker; these companies were two separate units. There had already been a Pathfinder presence at Fort Rucker for 15 years. Even if the 5th Infantry Detachment (Pathfinder) had not already existed, the Army would not have reduced the strength of its forward-deployed Airborne Battalion Combat Team in Europe when sufficient manning was available in CONUS. Additionally, the organization and manning of an Airborne Rifle Company is different from that of an Airborne Pathfinder Company.

The size of C-509th varied depending upon funding and mission requirements. For example, documents on file at the United States Army Center of Military History in Washington, DC, indicate that when the company was activated in 1975 by replacing the 5th Infantry Detachment (Pathfinder), it was authorized 4 officers and 108 enlisted soldiers. Documents dated 22 September 1987 show the unit as still having 4 officers authorized but only 77 enlisted soldiers.

The orange and black flash, seen on the right, was first worn by the 5th Infantry Detachment (Pathfinder), matching the colors of the shoulder sleeve insignia of the U.S. Army Aviation Center and School to which the unit was assigned. The 5th wore this patch with a black and gold Airborne tab.

The 5th was expanded and reflagged to become C-509th in 1975 and subsequently the company adopted the same flash and wing oval worn by 1-509th in Vicenza, Italy. On 18 February 1977 the 1st Aviation Brigade, which had served as a combat unit in Vietnam, was reactivated as a training unit at Fort Rucker, resulting in C-509th being assigned to the brigade. As a unit of the 1st Aviation Brigade, C-509th adopted the brigade shoulder sleeve insignia and worn it beneath a blue and white Airborne tab.
 * Note: The U.S. Army Institute of Heraldry notes that an Airborne tab is an intrinsic part of a shoulder sleeve insignia and is not supposed to be worn as an add-on by Airborne units assigned to non-Airborne commands; however, this has been a common practice in the Army for many decades.

The lineage of 1-509th was reactivated provisionally in 1987 to serve as the OPFOR at the Joint Readiness Training Center at Fort Chaffee, Arkansas. The unit was activated at Little Rock Air Force Base in a formal ceremony on 21 May 1988. The unit was stationed at LRAFB because it provided modern quarters and facilities that Ft. Chaffee lacked, and it deployed on a per-rotation basis to Ft. Chaffee. The unit served and serves as the opposing force for American and Allied light infantry. In June 1993, 1-509th moved along with the Joint Readiness Training Center to Fort Polk, Louisiana. Since moving to Fort Polk, 1-509th Infantry has become an elite urban fighting training unit.

On 31 May 1993, the separate Company C (Pathfinder), 509th Infantry at Fort Rucker was reflagged as Company A (Pathfinder), 511th Infantry, reactivating the colors of a unit that had served with the long-inactive 11th Airborne Division and the short-lived (1963–65) 11th Air Assault Division (Test). The era of a Pathfinder unit at Fort Rucker ended on 31 October 1995 when A-511th was inactivated to meet budget cut ceilings.

Operation Iraqi Freedom
In May 2004 Companies A and B, with attachments from Troop D of the 1st Battalion, 509th Infantry deployed to Iraq in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom II to the areas surrounding Baghdad to reinforce the 10th Mountain Division. One member of Troop D received the Silver Star for Valor in combat. Companies A and B and attachments returned in March 2005. During the deployment, Troop D and HHC continued to support JRTC exercises.

With the expansion of the Airborne force in Alaska from a single battalion (1st Battalion, 501st Infantry Regiment) at Fort Richardson, Alaska to a brigade 4th Brigade Combat Team (Airborne), 25th Infantry Division, the lineage of Company C, 509th PIB was again reactivated on 16 September 2005 as the 3d Battalion, 509th Infantry at Fort Richardson. The battalion deployed with the 4th BCT in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom in October 2006. The following is a media release from 10 November 2007, covering the battalion's work during OIF:

KALSU, Iraq — Paratroopers from the 3rd Battalion (Airborne), 509th Infantry Regiment based at Fort Richardson, Alaska have returned home after being deployed in Iraq since early October 2006. After conducting numerous combat operations to include patrols, raids, and air assault operations with the Iraqi Army and Police, these Paratroopers are ready to stand down for some well-deserved rest, relaxation and getting re-acquainted with their families and friends. Since October 2006, the "Geronimos" from 3-509th Airborne have performed magnificently. During this deployment, the Geronimos were based out of Forward Operating Base Kalsu, located approximately 40 mi south of Baghdad in Babil Province. On Christmas Day of 2006, part of the Battalion moved west of Baghdad to Al Anbar Province where they fought with the 1st and 2nd Marine Expeditionary Forces (Forward) against Al Qaeda in Iraq. While providing protection to the local citizens of the area, they were quite effective in helping the local populations create their own civil defense organizations, something that has become a model for success in stemming violence countrywide. During this time, the remaining Paratroopers also operated out of FOB Kalsu and FOB Iskandariyah to achieve similar goals. The Battalion consolidated in June at FOB Kalsu and began concerted efforts to stabilize their area of operation in Babil Province. In the months following, the Geronimos took on the role as a strike force, where they made great strides in fostering reconciliation between Sunnis and Shias in the cities of Haswah and Iskandariyah, and the surrounding areas. Operating "outside the wire", the paratroopers encountered many obstacles, including firefights with insurgents, improvised explosive devices, car bombs and explosively formed projectiles. They also captured numerous suspects, extremists, and terrorists considered to be high value targets, found a myriad of weapons caches, IED making facilities, al-Qaeda safe houses, and facilities used for detaining and torturing Iraqi citizens by performing countless operations, day and night, on the ground and by air assault. Throughout their deployment, many of the Paratroopers received decorations for valor, achievement, and combat wounds. The 3-509th is part of the 4th BCT (Airborne), 25th Infantry Division also known as the "Spartan Brigade". After doing a most remarkable job as part of Operation Iraqi Freedom, these "Spartans" are looking forward to some quiet time and enjoying the safety and freedom that they have worked so very hard to keep for all American citizens.

Operation Enduring Freedom
In February 2009 the Geronimo battalion deployed as a part of the 4th BCT (Airborne), 25th Infantry Division in support of Operation Enduring Freedom. A portion of the Valorous Unit Award citation is below.

For extraordinary heroism in action against an armed enemy. During the period 1 July 2009 to 30 November 2009, Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 3d Battalion, 509th Infantry Regiment and its subordinate units displayed extraordinary heroism in action against an armed enemy in support of Operation Enduring Freedom in the vicinity of East Paktika. The unit conducted a total of 302 combat patrols, and was responsible for 398 enemies killed, as well as the capture of 34 detainees. The company was also responsible for the safety of the populace of East Paktika during Afghan national elections. The unit's unrelenting perseverance and coordination allowed the unit to advance the struggle against the Taliban and contribute to the political and economic growth and development of the region.

Lineage
509th Infantry Regiment
 * 1st Battalion

Official website:
 * 2d Battalion (Inactive)
 * 3d Battalion

Shield
Gules, a fess nebuly counter wavy Argent a barrulet wavy Azure, on a pile Sable fimbriated of the second, between in base 4 arrowheads points down palewise of the same, another of the like below a stylized figure of a parachutist Or.

Crest
On a wreath Argent and Gules, a rock proper charged with a crescent Or, a prowling desert jackal of the like.

Motto
ALL THE WAY

Symbolism
The stylized figure of a golden parachutist on a black background is taken from the WW2 insigna of the unit. The wavy lines represents the Anzio amphibious landing on January 22, 1944. The arrowheads represent the participation in five air landing operations during WW2. The prowling jackal on the crest is taken from the badge of the French 3rd Zouaves Regiment, that the French Army Commander-in-Chief authorized to be worn as a mark of honour by the 509th Regiment after the November 15th 1942 airdrop on the Youks-les-Bains Airfield in Algeria.

Background
The coat of arms was approved on 30 September 1963.

Decorations
1st BN, 509th Infantry Regiment

3rd BN, 509th Infantry Regiment

Additional Decorations Include:
 * French Croix de Guerre with Silver Star, World War II for MUY EN Province
 * Cited in the Order of the Day of the Belgian Army for action in the ARDENNES
 * Cited in the Order of the Day of the Belgian Army for action at ST. VITH
 * Personnel authorized to wear the insignia of the French 3d Zouaves Regiment

Campaign participation credit

 * World War II:
 * Algeria-French Morocco (with arrowhead);
 * Tunisia (with arrowhead);
 * Naples-Foggia (with arrowhead);
 * Anzio (with arrowhead);
 * Rome-Arno;
 * Southern France (with arrowhead);
 * Rhineland;
 * Ardennes-Alsace
 * Global War on Terror:
 * Operation Iraqi Freedom - II
 * Operation Iraqi Freedom - V
 * Operation Enduring Freedom - X

Organization timeline and major events

 * Constituted 14 March 1941 in the Army of the United States as the 504th Parachute Infantry Battalion, consisting of HHC and Companies A, B & C.
 * Activated 5 October 1941 at Fort Benning, Georgia.
 * Reorganized and redesignated 24 February 1942 as the 2d Battalion, 503d Parachute Infantry Regiment, consisting of HHC and Companies D, E, and F. Battalion deployed detached from the Regiment to England.
 * 2/503 PIR arrived in England, and reorganized and redesignated 2 November 1942 as the 2d Battalion, 509th Parachute Infantry Regiment, consisting of HHC and Companies D, E, and F. Remainder of 503rd Parachute Infantry Regiment proceeded to Pacific Theater and separate Lineage with new 2nd Battalion.
 * 2/509 PIR assaulted Oran and Youks-les-Bains Airfield in North Africa as part of Operation TORCH.
 * TORCH assignment terminated, and unit attached to the 82nd Airborne Division on 15 November 1942.
 * 2/509 PIR assaulted Sicily as part of Operation HUSKY on 9 July 1943.
 * 2/509 PIR assaulted Salerno. Italy on 9 September 1943 as part of Operation Avalanche.
 * 2/509 PIR parachuted onto Avellino on 14 September 1943. The unit was immediately engaged upon landing by German Forces, and was badly decimated. Unit was subsequently withdrawn from combat, and temporarily assigned as Security for Headquarters, 5th U.S. Army.
 * 2/509 PIR located at Venafro, Italy, and reorganized and redesignated 10 December 1943 as the 509th Parachute Infantry Battalion, consisting of HHC and Companies A, B, and C.
 * Battalion arrived in France on 15 August 1944, for the start of Operation Dragoon.
 * Operation Dragoon finished successfully on 14 September 1944, and Battalion released for
 * 509 PIB engaged in Rhineland Campaign on 5 September 1944.
 * 509 PIB relieved from Rhineland Campaign, and assigned to the 101st Airborne Division on 18 November 1944.
 * 509th Parachute Infantry Battalion relieved From assignment to 101st Airborne Division 18 December 1944 and prepared for unit disbandment and personnel and equipment reassignment.
 * 509 PIB Disbanded 1 March 1945 in France, with personnel and equipment reassigned to the 82nd Airborne Division.
 * Unit Reconstituted 12 May 1947 in the Regular Army as the 509th Parachute Infantry Battalion.
 * Reorganized and redesignated 1 April 1963 as the 509th Infantry, a parent regiment under the Combat Arms Regimental System. 509th Infantry assigned to the 8th Infantry Division and was activated same date in Germany.
 * 3/509th Infantry organic elements constituted 15 January 1972.
 * 3/509th Infantry activated 15 January 1973 in Germany.
 * 2/509th Infantry and 3-509th Infantry inactivated 31 August 1973 in Germany and relieved from assignment to the 8th Infantry Division.
 * 1/509th Infantry relieved 1 September 1973 from assignment to the 8th Infantry Division.
 * Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 3rd Battalion, 509th Infantry redesignated 1 July 1975 as Company C, 509th Infantry and activated at Fort Rucker, Alabama.
 * 1/509th Infantry inactivated 1 July 1983 in Italy.
 * 509th Infantry withdrawn 16 January 1986 from the Combat Arms Regimental System and reorganized under the United States Army Regimental System.
 * Headquarters, 509th Infantry transferred 18 December 1987 to the United States Army Training and Doctrine Command, and activated at Little Rock Air Force Base, Arkansas.
 * C-509th Infantry transferred 2 October 1988 to the United States Army Training and Doctrine Command and reorganized at Fort Rucker, Alabama.
 * 509th Infantry transferred same date to the United States Army Training and Doctrine Command.
 * 1-509th Infantry activated 21 May 1988 at Little Rock Air Force Base, Arkansas.
 * 1-509th Infantry inactivated 31 May 1993 at Little Rock Air Force Base, Arkansas, and withdrawn from the United States Army Training and Doctrine Command.
 * C-509th Infantry inactivated same date at Fort Rucker, Alabama, and withdrawn from the United States Army Training and Doctrine Command.
 * 1/509th Infantry activated 15 January 1994 at Fort Polk, Louisiana.
 * A CO and B CO 1-509th Infantry deployed in June 2004 in support of OIF to Baghdad, Iraq. The two airborne infantry companies were attached to 2nd Brigade, 10th Mountain Division.  A CO was attached to 2-14 IN and B CO was attached to 4-31 IN. Both companies returned from combat in March 2005.
 * C-509th Infantry redesignated 10 December 2004 as Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 3rd Battalion, 509th Infantry.
 * HHC, 3/509th Infantry Regiment assigned 16 September 2005 to the 4th Brigade Combat Team, 25th Infantry Division, and activated at Fort Richardson, Alaska.
 * September 2006: 3/509th IN (ABN) deploys in support of OIF.
 * December 2007: 3/509th IN (ABN) returns from OIF deployment.
 * February 2009: 3/509th IN (ABN) deploys in support of OEF.
 * March 2010: 3/509th IN (ABN) returns from OEF deployment.
 * December 2011: 3/509th IN (ABN) deploys in support of OEF.
 * September 2017: 3/509th IN (ABN) deploys in support of OFS.
 * Companies C and E activated on 12 September 2014 as part of 1st Battalion, 509th Infantry at Fort Polk, Louisiana.

title: 509th Infantry Regiment (United States)


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Sloboda (disambiguation)

Sloboda was a type of settlement in Belarus, Russia, Ukraine and other Slavic states.

Sloboda, Svoboda or similar means freedom or liberty in the Slavic languages and may also refer to:
 * Sloboda (surname)
 * FK Sloboda Tuzla, a football club in Bosnia and Herzegovina
 * FK Sloboda Užice
 * FK Sloboda Novi Grad
 * Sloboda Čačak, a Serbian defense manufacture company
 * Sloboda (rural locality), name of several rural localities in Russia
 * Słoboda, Podlaskie Voivodeship, Poland
 * Słoboda, Podkarpackie Voivodeship, Poland
 * Sloboda-Komarivtsi, Ukraine

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Sloboda (disambiguation)


text:
Talk:List of storms named Mawar

Untitled

 * As far as I can tell, Japanese Wikipedia doesn't even have a separate page for this typhoon. Given that the event has passed, it seems unlikely that this article will grow past a stub, so it's possible this should be merged into another article. -Interiot 20:26, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I support the merge 65.94.107.189 20:21, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of storms named Mawar


text:
Dragon style

Dragon style can refer to:

 * A style of the martial arts called Southern Dragon Kung Fu
 * A Norwegian architectural style called Dragestil

title: Dragon style


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Brett Luckabaugh

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. - Mailer Diablo 23:20, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

Brett Luckabaugh
Not notable Groeck 18:51, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, would not oppose a speedy deletion (a7), as I don't really see an assertion of notability here.--Scimitar parley 19:11, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete, clear candidate for WP:CSD A7. Hall Monitor 20:06, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete, per A7. feydey 23:58, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy Delete. *drew 01:43, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User talk:Heebiejeebieclub

Hello, welcome to Wikipedia.

Image copyright problem with Image:Msn.gif
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Grand Theft Auto Plot has been listed for deletion
Hi. Given that you were the creator of the Grand Theft Auto Plot article, I would like to mention that the article has been nominated for deletion. Feel free to look into the sub-page for the reason to the nomination, and comment or vote if you feel inclined. Thanks. ╫ ２５ ◀RingADing▶  17:40, 15 September 2006 (UTC) ╫

Untagged image
An image you uploaded, Image:Crusaders.gif, was tagged with the coatofarms copyright tag. This tag was deleted because it does not actually specify the copyright status of the image. The image may need a more accurate copyright tag, or it may need to be deleted. If the image portrays a seal or emblem, it should be tagged as seal. If you have any questions, ask them at Media copyright questions. -- 15:00, 30 December 2006 (UTC)

Costume
Looking again at the French article, i would suggest turning it into two articles, one on Egyptian & one on Cretan costume. The French title is inaccurate & would not survive on en WP & we have several other "ancient world" clothing articles. We don't seem to have articles on either of these though. Johnbod 13:15, 2 April 2007 (UTC)

 * the trouble is there are much longer articles on other areas falling under the title. Ancient Mediterranean would be slightly less basd, but i'd still go for a split. Johnbod 18:06, 2 April 2007 (UTC)

Dear Heebiejeebieclub (lol) I know this is random but I thought it was worth a shot: PLEASE please please could you explain to me how to translate stuff from English to French, (or French to English) I'm new to all this and I've just spent way too many hours in my retarded IT stupor trying to figure it out. It's confusing because the stuff under 'translations in progress' will say for example 40% but you can't click on 'join this translation'. But I see you've done some... And do you know whether you can request pages on Wikibooks to be translated? (and do them yourself)? Hope you answer, it would reaaaaally be the nicest thing you could possibly do...! Take care,:) Trish xxx

Unspecified source for Image:Ankh.gif
Thanks for uploading Image:Ankh.gif. I noticed that the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you did not create this file yourself, then you will need to specify the owner of the copyright. If you obtained it from a website, then a link to the website from which it was taken, together with a restatement of that website's terms of use of its content, is usually sufficient information. However, if the copyright holder is different from the website's publisher, then their copyright should also be acknowledged.

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Disputed fair use rationale for Image:Msn.gif
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Wikipedia:WikiProject Websites - Proposal
I have made an important proposal for the project here .We are looking forward for your comments and suggestions. You are receiving this note as you a member of the project. --  TinuCherian  (Wanna Talk?) - 05:21, 25 June 2008 (UTC)

File:Crusaders.gif listed for deletion
An image or media file that you uploaded or altered, File:Crusaders.gif, has been listed at Files for deletion. Please see the discussion to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted. Skier Dude ( talk ) 22:54, 15 February 2009 (UTC)

WikiProject Blogging
See you run a blog. Want to help us out?

Also, Wikipedophile on your user page may have negative implications! Computerjoe 's talk 20:49, 14 April 2009 (UTC)

title: User talk:Heebiejeebieclub


text:
Alan la Zouche, 1st Baron Zouche of Ashby

Alan la Zouche, 1st Baron la Zouche of Ashby (9 October 1267 – shortly before 25 March 1314) was born at North Molton, Devonshire, the only son of Roger La Zouche and his wife, Ela Longespée, daughter of Stephen Longespée and Emmeline de Ridelsford. He received seisin of his father's lands after paying homage to the king on 13 October 1289. Alan was governor of Rockingham Castle and steward of Rockingham Forest. Alan La Zouche died without any sons shortly before at the age of 46, and his barony fell into abeyance among his daughters.

Birth
Alan la Zouche was born in North Molton on St Denis's Day (9 October) 1267 and was baptised in the church there, as was testified by his uncle "Henry la Zuche, clerk" and several local and other gentry and clerics at his proof of age inquisition in 1289 which enabled him to exit royal wardship: "Alan son and heir of Roger la Zusche alias la Zuch, la Souche. Writ to Peter Heym and Robert de Radington, to enquire whether the said Alan, who is in the king's wardship, is of full age, as he says, or not, The eve of St. Margaret (20 June), 17 Edw. I. The said Alan, who was born at North Molton and baptized in the church there, was 21 on the day of St. Denis, 16 Edw. I. The Abbot of Lyleshull (Lilleshall Abbey in Shropshire, to which he gave the advowson of North Molton Church in 1313) ''says the said Alan was born in Devon on the feast of St. Denis, and was 22 at that feast last past, and he knows it because he was keeper of a grange of Alan's father at Assheby four years ago, and knew from his father and mother that he was then 18. The prior of Repindon agrees, and knows it because his predecessor was created prior in the same year and was prior for twelve years, and he himself has now been prior for ten years. The prior of Swaveseye agrees, for he has been prior for twenty years, and saw him (Alan) before his creation when he was 2 years old. The prior of Ulvescroft agrees, for he has enquired from religious men, and especially from the nuns of Gracedieu who dwell near Alan's father's manor of Assheby. Brother William Ysnach of Gerendon agrees, for he sued the pleas of the house for nearly twenty-two (?) years, and Alan was born at the feast of St. Denis preceding. Geoffrey prior of Brackele agrees, for he was always with Alan's ancestors and ... twenty-four years ago, and within two years following Alan was born. Richard le Flemyng, knight, (probably of Bratton Fleming) agrees, and knows it from the wife of William de Raleye (probably of Raleigh, Pilton) who nursed Alan. John Punchardon, knight, (probably of Heanton Punchardon) agrees, for he held his land for such a time. Alfred de Suleny, knight, agrees, for his firstborn son was born on the same day. John de Curteny, knight, (i.e. Courtenay) agrees, for his mother died at Easter before Alan was born. William (?) de Sancto Albino, knight, agrees, for his brother gave him certain land, which he has held for twenty-one years, and one year previously Alan was born. William L'Estrange (Latinised as "Extraneus"), knight, agrees, for his (Alan's ?) father made him a knight sixteen years ago last Christmas, when Alan carried the sword before him, and was then 6 years old, except between Christmas and St. Denis. Robert de Crues, knight, agrees, for he has a daughter of the same age. Henry la Zuche, clerk, agrees, for he is his uncle, and likewise knows it from him who was at that time parson of the church of Hamme. Walter parson of Manecestre agrees, for the church of Karlingford in Ireland was given to him nearly twenty-two years ago, and when the news came to him in Devon Alan's mother lay in childbed. Robert parson of Pakinton agrees, for he was instituted into his vicarage at the Purification last past now twenty-two years ago, and Alan was born at the feast of St. Denis following.

Military service
Alan was in Gascony with King Edward I of England in October 1288, when he was one of the hostages given by the king to Alfonso of Aragon for the fulfilment of certain agreements. He was in Scotland in the King's service in June 1291. In April 1294 he had a writ of protection from the King when he travelled overseas with the King's daughter, Eleanor of Bar. He served in Gascony in 1295 and 1296, and was present at the action around Bordeaux on 28 March 1296, when his standard-bearer was captured by the French. In 1297 he was summoned for service in the Franco-Flemish War, and attended Councils in Rochester and London in that year.

War against the Scots
He was summoned for service against the Scots in 1297-1313. He fought in the Vanguard at the Battle of Falkirk on 22 July 1298. King Edward's army at that battle consisted of 12,000 infantry, including 10,000 Welsh, and 2,000 cavalry. William Wallace, the Scottish leader accepted battle in a withdrawn defensive position. Wallace had few cavalry and few archers, but his solid "schiltrons" (circles) of spearmen were almost invincible. The armoured cavalry of the English vanguard were hurled back with severe losses. Edward brought up his Welsh archers in the intervals between the horsemen of the second line, concentrating their arrows on specific points in the Scottish schiltrons. It was into these gaps that the English knights forced their way, and once the Scottish order was broken the spearmen were quickly massacred.

Siege of Caerlaverock
Alan was at the siege of Caerlaverock Castle in July 1300. His presence is recorded in the contemporary "Caerlaverock Poem", being an early roll of arms: Sa rouge baniere a besans Car bienscai ki a dependu Tresor plus ke en burce pendu''
 * ''Aleyn de la Souche tresor Signiioit ke fust brians

"Sa rouge baniere a bezants" (as re-stated in modern French) "his red banner bezantée", is the description of the coat of arms he bore at the siege.

Subsequent career
He was summoned to Edward II's coronation on 18 January 1307/08. In December of that year, he had a protection to go on a pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela. He was the Constable of Rockingham Castle and the Keeper of the forests between the bridges of Oxford and Stamford.

Marriage and issue
He married Eleanor de Segrave, daughter of Nicholas de Segrave, 1st Baron Segrave. At his death, he left no male progeny and the barony went into abeyance between his three daughters and co-heiresses:
 * Ellen la Zouche, married Alan de Charlton; also married Nicholas de St Maur, 1st Baron St Maur (d.1316)
 * Maud la Zouche, married Robert de Holland, 1st Baron Holand; she was the mother of Thomas Holland, who married Joan of Kent.
 * Elizabeth la Zouche, married John Ingham (1320-12 Dec. 1365), son of Oliver de Ingham (c. 1287–1344).


text:
User:Rende

My nickname: rende I'm from: Germany

My pages: several Star Trek TNG-episodes, pages with have to do with film music, especially by Jerry Goldsmith

title: User:Rende


text:
BLZ

BLZ may mean:
 * Belize
 * IATA airport code for Chileka International Airport, Blantyre, Malawi
 * Bankleitzahl, a numbering system for German and Austrian banks

title: BLZ


text:
Jezebel (Frankie Laine song)

"Jezebel" is a 1951 popular song written by American songwriter Wayne Shanklin. It was recorded by Frankie Laine with the Norman Luboff Choir and Mitch Miller and his orchestra on April 4, 1951 and released by Columbia Records as catalog number 39367. The record reached number 2 on the Billboard chart and was a million seller. The B-side, "Rose, Rose, I Love You", was a hit too and reached number 3.

Background
The title refers to the biblical woman Jezebel, a wicked, Baal-worshipping Phoenician princess who ruled Israel as queen consort to King Ahab. Jezebel's story is recounted in 1 Kings 16-20 and 2 Kings 9, books of the Old Testament.

Covers

 * In November 1951 Edith Piaf recorded the French-language version, with lyrics by Charles Aznavour.
 * In 1951 Winifred Atwell charted in the UK with an instrumental version.
 * In 1956 Gene Vincent and his Blue Caps performed their version of the song on their debut album.
 * In 1961 The Everly Brothers performed the song on their seventh album "Instant Party".
 * In 1962, Marty Wilde had a UK Top 20 hit with his version of the song.
 * In 1963, Rob E. G. (Australian steel slide guitarist), took his instrumental version into the Australian top 5.
 * In 1965, Johnny Kendall & the Heralds released a version which reached No. 29 on the Dutch chart.
 * In 1967, Herman's Hermits included their version on the LP There's a Kind of Hush All Over the World.
 * In 1994, The Reverend Horton Heat included his version on the LP Liquor in the Front.
 * In 1995, Dave Vanian of The Damned included his version on the LP Dave Vanian and the Phantom Chords.
 * The French language version by Édith Piaf, had lyrics by Charles Aznavour, and was recorded by Piaf the same year as the Frankie Laine version. The Aznavour version was released in 1963.
 * In 2011, English singer-songwriter Anna Calvi recorded a cover which blends both Laine's English and Piaf's French iterations, released as a single.

title: Jezebel (Frankie Laine song)


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Cadmus of Miletus

Cadmus of Miletus (Κάδμος ὁ Μιλήσιος, Kádmos ho Milésios) was according to some ancient authorities, the oldest of the logographi. Scholars who accept this view, assign him to about 550 BC; others regard him as purely mythical. A confused notice in the Suda mentions three persons of the name: the first, the inventor of the alphabet; the second, the son of Pandion, according to some the first prose writer, a little later than Orpheus, author of a history of the foundation of Miletus and of Ionia generally, in four books; the third, the son of Archelaus, of later date, author of a history of Attica in fourteen books, and of some poems of an erotic character.

As Dionysius of Halicarnassus (Judicium de Thucydide, c. 23) distinctly states that the work current in his time under the name of Cadmus was a forgery, it is most probable that the two first are identical with the Phoenician Cadmus, who, as the reputed inventor of letters, was subsequently transformed into the Milesian and the author of an historical work. In this connection it should be observed that the old Milesian nobles traced their descent back to the Phoenician or one of his companions.

The text of the notice of the third Cadmus of Miletus in the Suda is unsatisfactory; and it is uncertain whether he is to be explained in the same way, or whether he was an historical personage, of whom all further record is lost.

title: Cadmus of Miletus


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User:Tangentidea

Templates

 * Template:TestTemplates
 * Barnstars_on_Wikipedia
 * Template:Spam
 * Template_messages/User_talk_namespace
 * Category:Internal_link_templates

Reference

 * Citing_Wikipedia
 * What_Wikipedia_is_not
 * Spam
 * Edit_summary_legend

Other stuff I might need someday

 * ISBN 1930353448

Ryan's Rules of Technology

 * 1) Anything is possible; it's just a matter of what you want to pay for.
 * 2) Anything can be hacked. Corollary: It will be hacked, eventually.
 * 3) Only an amateur blames his tools.

title: User:Tangentidea


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Margaret Hayes

Margaret Hayes (born  Florette Regina Ottenheimer; December 5, 1913 – January 26, 1977) was an American film, stage, and television actress.

Early years
A native of Baltimore, Maryland, Hayes was one of four children born to Clara Bussey and Jacob Lewis "Jack" Ottenheimer, erstwhile songwriter, joke-book writer, radio performer turned real estate broker, who had, at one time, reportedly provided much of the material for the famous musician, Howard Thurston.

While a student at Forest Park High School, she joined the Emerson Cook Stock Company to gain more acting experience. She entered Johns Hopkins University to become a nurse, but stuck to her dramatic ambitions. At the school, she joined "The Barnstormers", a theatrical organization, becoming the first female member of that group.

Changing names
Using the name "Dana Dale" (reportedly at the suggestion of columnist Walter Winchell ), Hayes found work as a model, "featured in the best cigarette, auto, and fashion advertisements". Her screen test for the role of Scarlett O'Hara in Gone with the Wind was unsuccessful, but she received a movie contract, anyway. Publicists at her studio recommended "Dana Edwards" as a better name for movies, so she began using it. Eventually, she changed to Margaret Hayes for public purposes, and was called Maggie by her friends.

Film
Hayes' initial contract was with Warner Bros. Having little success there, she signed with Paramount Pictures.

Hayes was often billed as Maggie Hayes in her film credits. She is perhaps best known for her Oscar-nominated performance as schoolteacher Lois Judby Hammond in the 1955 film Blackboard Jungle. In 1956, she guest-starred as Dora Hand in three episodes of The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp. She appeared in the episode "The San Saba Incident" (October 18, 1957) of Trackdown, playing a female convict, named Abby Lindon.

Hayes' films included The Glass Key, Sullivan's Travels, and Good Day for a Hanging. In 1958, in the film Damn Citizen, Hayes appeared opposite Keith Andes in the role of a real person, Dorothy Maguire Grevemberg, the wife of the crusading Louisiana State Police superintendent Francis Grevemberg. She made four guest appearances on CBS's Perry Mason, including as defendant Sybil Granger in 1957 episode "The Case of the Nervous Accomplice". She co-starred on Tombstone Territory season 1 episode 24 'Cave-In' which aired March 26, 1958. In 1961, she portrayed Mrs. North in the episode "Incident of the Night on the Town" on CBS"s Rawhide. In the same year, she also guest-starred in an episode of Bonanza, "The Countess", as Lady Linda Chadwick.

Journalism
After marrying Herbert Bayard Swope in 1946, Hayes temporarily retired from acting and turned to journalism, eventually becoming assistant fashion editor for Life.

Radio
In her later years, Hayes lived in Palm Beach, Florida, and was the host of a daily radio talk show on WPBR.

Personal life
Hayes had her first child, a daughter Nan (born 1937), from her brief first marriage to Charles DeBuskey. The couple divorced in 1939, and Hayes subsequently married actor Leif Erickson on June 12, 1942, eloping with him to Minden, Nevada. They separated 28 days later, and Hayes received a divorce on October 2, 1942. In 1947 she married a third time, to producer Herbert B. Swope, Jr. (son of three-time winner of the Pulitzer Prize for Reporting, journalist Herbert Swope ), with whom she had a daughter, actress Tracy Brooks Swope, and a son, Herbert Swope III. They divorced in 1973.

Death
On January 26, 1977, aged 63, Hayes died of cancer in Mount Sinai Medical Center in Miami Beach, Florida.

Partial filmography

 * The Man Who Talked Too Much (1940) as Governor's Secretary
 * Ladies Must Live (1940) as Chorus Girl
 * Money and the Woman (1940) as Depositor (uncredited)
 * City for Conquest (1940) as Sally, Irene's Friend (uncredited)
 * Tugboat Annie Sails Again (1940) as Rosie
 * In Old Colorado (1941) as Myra Woods
 * Henry Aldrich for President (1941) as Miss Patterson (uncredited)
 * New York Town (1941) as Lola Martin (uncredited)
 * Skylark (1941) as Blake's Receptionist (uncredited)
 * The Night of January 16th (1941) as Nancy Wakefield
 * Sullivan's Travels (1941) as Secretary
 * Louisiana Purchase (1941) as Louisiana Belle
 * The Lady Has Plans (1942) as Rita Lenox
 * Saboteur (1942) as Henry's Wife in Movie (uncredited)
 * Take a Letter, Darling (1942) as Sally French
 * The Glass Key (1942) as Eloise Matthews
 * Scattergood Survives a Murder (1943) as Gail Barclay
 * Stand By All Networks (1942) as Lela Cramer
 * One Dangerous Night (1943) as Patricia Blake Shannon
 * They Got Me Covered (1943) as Lucille
 * Blackboard Jungle (1955) as Lois Judby Hammond
 * Violent Saturday (1955) as Mrs. Emily Fairchild
 * The Bottom of the Bottle (1956) as Lil Breckinridge
 * From the Desk of Margaret Tyding (1956)
 * Omar Khayyam (1957) as Queen Zarada
 * Damn Citizen (1958) as Dorothy Grevemberg
 * The Case Against Brooklyn (1958) as Lil Polombo née Alexander
 * Girl in the Woods (1958) as Bell Cory
 * Fräulein (1958) as Lt. Berdie Dubbin
 * Good Day for a Hanging (1959) as Ruth Granger
 * The Beat Generation (1959) as Joyce Greenfield
 * Girls Town (1959) as Mother Veronica
 * 13 West Street (1962) as Mrs. Madeleine Landry
 * House of Women (1962) as Zoe Stoughton

title: Margaret Hayes


text: User talk:80.47.137.183

title: User talk:80.47.137.183


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User:Heebiejeebieclub

Hi. I run a blog on Wikipedia, called WikiLog, which needs your input! Contact me here or there to write a guest post. If you don't want to do that, leave a comment, or subscribe to the RSS feed!

I never use American expressions. Period.
I am an online editor, and sometimes creator, of Wikipedia's articles.

I am also webmaster of heebie.co.uk.

My main contributions to Wikipedia are "Behind the scenes" - I work off the tasks list on the community portal. A list of noteworthy projects follows.

SuperStar Contributions

 * Translation of "Clothing in the Ancient World" from French to English.

Big Re-Writes

 * Cross - reformatted an added my own images.
 * Google Desktop - basically all of what you see there is my own work.
 * Letter - completely re-wrote and re-formatted this article.

WikiProjects and Templates

 * Template:Editors - a tag to ideally be put on all pages that help article creators and editors.

WikiProject_Websites
My own WikiProject aimed at documenting popular websites.
 * Template:Infobox_Website - an infobox for website-related pages
 * Template:WebsiteNotice - WPW's notice template tag.

For a list of all of my contributions, click here, and for my edit count, click here.

Wikipedia Links

 * heebie's talk page
 * heebie's contributions

title: User:Heebiejeebieclub


text: User talk:69.136.227.205

title: User talk:69.136.227.205


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Friday the 13th: The Final Chapter

Friday the 13th: The Final Chapter is a 1984 American slasher film directed by Joseph Zito, produced by Frank Mancuso Jr., and starring Kimberly Beck, Corey Feldman, Crispin Glover, and Peter Barton. It is the sequel to Friday the 13th Part III (1982) and the fourth installment in the Friday the 13th franchise. Picking up immediately after the events of the previous film, the plot follows a presumed-dead Jason Voorhees who escapes from the morgue and returns to Crystal Lake to continue his killing spree. The film marks the debut of the character Tommy Jarvis (Feldman), who would make further appearances in two sequels and related media, establishing him as Jason's archenemy.

Much like Part III, the film was originally supposed to be the final installment in the series. Mancuso Jr. wanted to conclude the series as he felt no one respected him for his producing work on it regardless of how much the films earned at the box office, while also wanting to work on other projects. Paramount Pictures supported the decision, as they were aware of the declining popularity of slasher films at the time of its release. As a result, the film was marketed as "The Final Chapter" to ensure it as such. Make-up artist Tom Savini, who worked on the first film, returned because he wanted to help kill off Jason, whom he helped create.

The film was originally scheduled to be released in October but was pushed up to April 13, 1984. Upon its theatrical release, the film grossed $33 million in the U.S. on a budget of $2.2 million, making it the fourth most attended of the Friday the 13th series with approximately 9,815,700 tickets sold. Though the film received generally negative reviews from critics at the time of release, it has retrospectively come to be considered one of the stronger entries in the series. Despite being billed as the final film, its success prompted another sequel, Friday the 13th: A New Beginning, one year later, followed by a further six sequels and a reboot.

Plot
After the events of the previous film, police clean up the grounds and Jason Voorhees' body, believed to be dead, is taken to the morgue. Jason spontaneously revives and escapes from the cold storage at the hospital, murdering the coroner Axel Burns with a hacksaw and gutting Nurse Robbie Morgan with a scalpel. The following day, a group of teenagers drives to Crystal Lake for the weekend. The group comprises Paul, his girlfriend Sam, virgin Sara, her boyfriend Doug, awkward Jimmy, and jokester Ted. On the way, the group comes across Pamela Voorhees' tombstone and a hitchhiker, who Jason soon kills.

The teens arrive and meet neighbors Trish Jarvis, her twelve-year-old brother Tommy, and the family dog Gordon. While going for a walk the next day, the teens meet twin sisters Tina and Terri and go skinny dipping with them. Trish and Tommy happen upon the scene, and Trish is invited to a party taking place that night. Afterward, when their car breaks down, Trish and Tommy are helped out by a young man named Rob Dier. They take him to their house, where he meets their mother. Tommy shows him several monster masks he made before Rob leaves to go camping.

Later that night, the teens begin the party. A jealous Sam sees Tina flirting with Paul and leaves. She goes out to the lake, where Jason impales her from under a raft. When Paul goes out to look for her, he is harpooned in the groin. Terri tries to leave the party early, but Jason stabs her with a spear before she can get on her bike. Mrs. Jarvis arrives home and discovers the power is out. While searching for her children and Gordon, she is killed offscreen. Trish and Tommy soon arrive and realize their mother is missing. Trish goes to search for her and finds Rob's campsite. It is revealed that Rob is the brother of Sandra Dier. Rob further explains to her that Jason is still alive and that he came to Crystal Lake to avenge his sister's death. Worried about Tommy's safety, Trish and Rob return to the house.

After sleeping with Tina, Jimmy goes downstairs to get a bottle of wine. Jason pins his hand with a corkscrew before striking his face with a meat cleaver. Tina looks out a window upstairs and finds that her sister's bike is still there. Jason then bursts through the window and throws her to her death, crashing into the car. While a stoned Ted watches stag films with a film projector, he gets too close to the projector screen and is stabbed in the head with a kitchen knife from the other side. Jason then goes upstairs, where Doug and Sara finish making love in the shower. After Sara leaves, Jason kills Doug by crushing his head against the shower tile. When Sara screams upon finding Doug's body, she tries to escape but gets a double-bit axe through her chest.

Trish, Rob, and Gordon go next door to investigate and discover the teens' bodies. Gordon flees, and Jason kills Rob in the basement as Trish runs home, taking Rob's machete. She and Tommy barricade the house, but Jason breaks in and chases them into Tommy's room. Trish lures Jason out of the house, escapes, then returns home and is devastated to learn that Tommy did not run away. She senses Jason behind her and tries to fight him off with the machete but is overpowered. Having disguised himself to look like Jason as a child, Tommy distracts him long enough for Trish to hit him with the machete, but she merely whacks off his mask. As Trish stands horrified at Jason's deformed face, Tommy takes the machete and strikes it in the side of his skull, causing him to collapse to the floor and split his head upon impact. When Tommy notices that Jason's fingers are slightly moving, he continues to hack at his body, yelling, "Die! Die! Die!" while Trish repeatedly yells out his name. At the hospital, Tommy visits Trish. Disturbed, he rushes in and embraces her.

Production
When Friday the 13th Part III was released, it was initially supposed to end the series as a trilogy, but there was no moniker to indicate it as such. In 1983, there were rumors that Paramount Pictures billed the fourth film as "The Final Chapter" as a result of them feeling embarrassed by their association with the series. Despite how Roger Ebert and Gene Siskel claimed this in their review of the film on At the Movies, Paramount Pictures was aware that the slasher genre had been declining in interest. However, the idea came from producer Frank Mancuso, Jr. (the son of Paramount CEO Frank Mancuso, Sr.) as he began to resent the series due to how he felt nobody respected him for working on Friday the 13th Part 2 as a production assistant and Part III as producer, regardless of how much money the films earned. As a result of this and him wanting to work on different projects, he wanted to conclude the series by killing off Jason.

Writing
The filmmakers wanted Joseph Zito, who had previously produced and directed The Prowler, to direct and write the screenplay for the film. He initially claimed that he wasn't a writer, but he later accepted it when the contract offered him payment for directing and writing. Zito secretly used the extra salary to hire Barney Cohen to write the script. Their process entailed Zito taking one-hour phone calls every night with Phil Scuderi to discuss the film's screenplay and story. He then met Cohen in a New York apartment to use the ideas Scuderi had offered, which then they would turn into script pages sent that day to Scuderi in Boston to be discussed again over the phone. Cohen remained credited for writing the film, but he eventually got into trouble with the Writers Guild of America as a result.

Previous Friday the 13th films generally favored young women being the final girl. This is the first film in the series to not only have two survivors instead of one, but one of them being a child. The filmmakers believed this aspect has never been done before in a slasher film, as well as them wanting to create characters that the audience don't want to see harmed or killed. By including the Jarvis family (a divorced mother, a teenage daughter, and a pre-teen son) opposite the usual cast of teenagers, they could generate more drama and resonant tragedy such the implication of Mrs. Jarvis killed outside by Jason, and thus remaining debatable how intentional the parallels are between Jason and Tommy. Tommy's interest in make-up effects served as an homage to Tom Savini.

Casting
Camilla More initially auditioned for Samantha, but when the filmmakers discovered she had a twin sister they were instead offered the roles of Tina and Terri. Amy Steel, who starred as heroine Ginny Field in Friday the 13th Part 2, co-starred with Peter Barton on the TV series The Powers of Matthew Star. Barton was offered the role of Doug when the series was cancelled, but he was initially reluctant as he wanted no part in any horror film, especially after he disliked working on Hell Night. However, because Steel was involved in Part 2, she talked him into doing the film.

Make-up artist Tom Savini, who had not returned for Part 2 and Part III, was invited by Zito to work on the film to help kill off Jason, who he helped create in the original film.

Filming
Filming commenced in October 1983 to January 1984 in Topanga Canyon and Newhall, California. It was originally set to be released in October 1984, but Frank Mancuso, Sr. pushed the release date to April 13, leaving them only 6 weeks to complete post-production. The only time Paramount helped with the film's production, they rented a house in Malibu for the filmmakers to stay and conduct editing sessions, with food brought to them by the studio.

An alternative ending exists where the character of Trish dreams that she discovers the body of Mrs. Jarvis in the bathtub. This exists as a DVD extra but the original audio for the scene is lost.

Music
The film's music was composed by Harry Manfredini, who composed the scores to all of the series' previous installments. On January 13, 2012, La-La Land Records released a limited edition 6-CD boxset containing Manfredini's scores from the first six entries of the film series. The release was sold out in less than 24 hours of availability.

The song "Love Is a Lie" by Lion is featured in the film, but not on the soundtrack.

Box office
Friday the 13th: The Final Chapter opened on Friday, April 13, 1984, on 1,594 screens and grossed $11.1 million in its opening weekend, ranking number one at the box office. The film would ultimately take in $33 million at the U.S. box office, with approximately 9,815,700 tickets sold, placing number 26 on the list of the year's top-grossing films.

Critical response
On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, Friday the 13th: The Final Chapter holds an approval rating of 24% based on 33 reviews, with an average rating of 4.2/10. The site's critics consensus reads: "As lumberingly single-minded as its homicidal star, Friday the 13th – The Final Chapter adds another rote entry to an increasingly labored franchise." On Metacritic, it has a weighted average score of 33 out of 100, based on seven critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".

Roger Ebert and Gene Siskel berated the film on their show, with the former deeming it "an immoral and reprehensible piece of trash." Scott Meslow summarized Ebert's criticism as calling it "a cynical retread" of the earlier films, noting that the film instead attempts to kill off the series while focusing more on characterization than gore. In a series retrospective, Kyle Anderson of Entertainment Weekly ranked it the best Friday the 13th film, complimenting both its narrative and kills.

title: Friday the 13th: The Final Chapter


text:
Talk:They Hunger

New "They Hunger: Lost Souls" page?
Is there sufficient information on lost souls to create its own article on? including maybe the information available and the progression/transitions the game has go through. Also that it will be a paid and not free like the rest of the they hunger mods.Xenotropic (talk) 15:54, 21 March 2008 (UTC)

 * As far as anyone knows they hunger lost souls is dead. There has been pretty much no information released about it in nearly a year and it was supposed to be nearly completed in 2006.JackFail (talk) 01:44, 17 October 2008 (EST)

Date
So, when is They Hunger taking place? Based on the nightsight scope of the sniper rifle, the helicopter technology, they underslung grenade launcher on the BAR (as inaccurate as that is), the record players, and the reel-to-reel audio recorders, I was figuring late 60s, during the Vietnam war. Is there a more official statement on this? --Snikers 00:43, 30 August 2007 (UTC)

Hard to say, it is never revealed during the mod. Guessing when it took place would be impossible as there has been no clues given either during the game itself, or by the developers. As we have no concrete information, it would be inappropriate to include it in the article in my opinion. (Sk8er boi7000 (talk) 17:43, 12 October 2008 (UTC))

Frankenstein
Does "Frankenstein" refer to Victor Frankenstein or to Frankenstein's monster? McPhail 18:58, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I believe it's actually refering to the novel as a whole. --InShaneee 21:34, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

Guess Who's Coming to Dinner
I can't find any reference to this being the subtitle for the first game, including in the game itself and on the official website. I'm going to go ahead and remove it until someone can show otherwise. --InShaneee 03:48, 21 October 2005 (UTC)

added cleanup category tag
Politepunk 17:31, 4 March 2006 (UTC) I added the cleanup category tag as I think that this article could benefit from a bit of attention. I'd be happy to help with rewriting it but I don't really know anything about the game or the mod and might not be the best candidate to do this. I'll watch the page and if nobody else has a go then...
 * I rewrote the first section. As far as I can see, the second game summary is all that needs work now. --InShaneee 21:08, 4 March 2006 (UTC)

Main character info
Just wondering - does the main character have a name? Any personal info? A picture, anything? All I've managed to glean from the game is that he's male, wears gloves and seems to drive a hearse. Is there any personal info that can be fitted into the article? --216.240.13.217 19:16, 7 November 2006 (UTC)

Awards
Can anyone get me some links to all the sites that gave this series 'mod' awards? I know theres a bunch of them out there. When the mod came out, I always remember hearing about it getting 'mod of the year' awards and what not...

I know it did get awards, but I don;t think they've maintained a page with the awards on. I'll get in contant with Manke, and ask him. I know onw thing though:  On Serverspy statistics, soon after release this was the 16th most popular Half-Life mod played in Internet, competing with hundreds of other multiplayer mods.

-- Awesome! Here's one I know of:

"A Great Honour!" Oct. 10, 2002

With Halloween approaching, the November Issue (pg. 102) of PC Gamer magazine has named "They Hunger" as one of the "10 Scariest PC Games Ever...". However, I'm unsure if I like the part where they call me and my "hungry helpers" equally scary. LOL

I got a relpy (that quickly? I know!). He said these are all he can think of. I did see it, but it may still be useful for you. http://manke.planethalflife.gamespy.com/thblurbs.htm http://manke.planethalflife.gamespy.com/th2blurbs.htm http://manke.planethalflife.gamespy.com/th3blurbs.htm

A "dead survivor"
Anyone see anything wring with the phrase "dead survivor"? There's a few other oddities, but this one seems the most eye-catching.
 * Haha, that's like "suicide victim" or something. dethtoll 16:54, 15 October 2007 (UTC)

Question
I haven't played this mod in years, but I remember that the intro cutscene for the third installment shows a hospital, with a doctor mentioning a delirious patient who keeps screaming about the living dead, as a baby from the maternity ward cries in the background. Then the game starts, and you jump out of your hospital bed and start killing the zombies who have taken over the hospital. But as you fight through the city, you keep hearing a baby crying...

Doesn't this sort of imply that the whole game has been one many's insane fantasy, and that he never actually killed any zombies, or, worse, that those zombies are actually just normal people being gunned down by a man who thinks their zombies?

I think this should be included in the page in some way. 72.70.80.55 (talk) 01:47, 8 October 2008 (UTC)

The crying baby and other noises are meant to add to the atmosphere of the game, they aren't intentioned at explaining part of the story. Wikipedia is supposed to be a source of factual information, and having played through all 3 They Hunger chapters more times than I can count, I do not see the background noises as being part of the story. Also, we never actually see the person who is crying, so although possible it is not even verifiable that it is a baby, and as there has never been a mention of it being part of the story, I believe it should remain as a theory (Sk8er boi7000 (talk) 17:43, 12 October 2008 (UTC))
 * No it shouldn't be included because there is no baby crying after the hospital. Maybe you're thinking of "Afraid of Monsters?" —Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.232.40.132 (talk) 20:22, 18 June 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:They Hunger


text:
Meissen porcelain

Meissen porcelain or Meissen china was the first European hard-paste porcelain. Early experiments were done in 1708 by Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus. After his death that October, Johann Friedrich Böttger continued von Tschirnhaus's work and brought this type of porcelain to the market, financed by Augustus the Strong, King of Poland and Elector of Saxony. The production of porcelain in the royal factory at Meissen, near Dresden, started in 1710 and attracted artists and artisans to establish, arguably, the most famous porcelain manufacturer known throughout the world. Its signature logo, the crossed swords, was introduced in 1720 to protect its production; the mark of the swords is reportedly one of the oldest trademarks in existence.

Dresden porcelain (or "china") was once the usual term for these wares, until in 1975 the Oberlandesgericht (Higher Munich State Court) decided in favour of the Saxon Porcelain Manufactory Dresden, which alone was then allowed to use the name Dresden Porcelain (it ceased producing in 2020).

Meissen remained the dominant European porcelain factory, and the leader of stylistic innovation, until somewhat overtaken by the new styles introduced by the French Sèvres factory in the 1760s, but has remained a leading factory to the present day. Among the developments pioneered by Meissen are the porcelain figurines, and the introduction of European decorative styles to replace the imitation of Asian decoration of its earliest wares.

Since 1991, the manufactory has been operating as the Staatliche Porzellan-Manufaktur Meissen GmbH, whose owner is the Free State of Saxony. The company is one of the world's leading porcelain manufacturers and one of the oldest and most internationally known German luxury brands.

Beginnings
Chinese porcelain had gradually developed over centuries, and by the seventeenth century both Chinese and Japanese export porcelain were imported to Europe on a large scale by the Dutch East India Company and its equivalents in other countries. It was a very expensive product by the time it reached European customers, and represented wealth, importance and refined taste in Europe. European attempts to produce porcelain, such as the brief experiment that produced Medici porcelain in Florence, had met with failure.

At the beginning of the eighteenth century Johann Friedrich Böttger pretended he had solved the dream of the alchemists, to produce gold from worthless materials. When King Augustus II of Poland heard of it, he kept him in protective custody and requested him to produce gold. For years Johann Friedrich Böttger was unsuccessful in this effort.

At the same time, Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus, a mathematician and scientist, experimented with the manufacture of glass, trying to make porcelain as well. Crucially, his ingredients included kaolin, the vital ingredient of true porcelain, though he was unable to use it successfully. Tschirnhaus supervised Böttger and by 1707 Böttger reluctantly started to help in the experiments by Tschirnhaus.

When Tschirnhaus suddenly died, the recipe apparently was handed over to Böttger, who within one week announced to the King that he could make porcelain. Böttger refined the formula and with some Dutch co-workers, experienced in firing and painting tiles, the stage was set for the manufacturing of porcelain. In 1709, the King established the Royal-Polish and Electoral-Saxon Porcelain Manufactory (Königlich-Polnische und Kurfürstlich-Sächsische Porzellan-Manufaktur), placed Böttger's laboratory at Albrechtsburg castle in Meissen and production started officially in 1710.

Early work
The first type of ware produced by Böttger was a refined and extremely hard red stoneware known as "Böttger ware" in English (in Böttgersteinzeug). This copied Chinese Yixing ware, and like that was especially used for teapots, and now coffee pots. Similar wares had been made by the Dutch and the Elers brothers in England. Böttger's version was harder than any of these, and retained very crisp definition in its cast or applied ("sprigged") details, on bodies that could be polished to a gloss before firing. Models were derived from Baroque silver shapes and Chinese ceramic examples. There was also a softer stoneware, which was glazed and decorated. Meissen's production of a hard paste white porcelain that could be glazed and painted soon followed, and wares were put on the market in 1713.

Böttger's experimental wares rapidly gained quality but never achieved successful painted and fired decor. The first successful ornaments were gold decorations applied upon the fired body and finely engraved before they received a second firing at a lower temperature. The lacy frameworks outside painted scenes known in German as Laub- und bandelwerk in red, gold or puce, were often used. Augustus II charged first Johann Jakob Irminger with the design of new vessels. In 1720 Johann Gregor Herold became the director and in 1723 introduced brilliant overglaze colours that made Meissen porcelain famous, with an increasingly broad palette of colors that marked the beginning of the classic phase of Meissen porcelain. His enamel paints are still the basis for ceramic paints today. Initially painting mostly imitated the oriental designs known from Chinese and Japanese export porcelain, but some European landscape scenes were painted from early on.

The signature underglaze "Meissen Blue" was introduced by Friedrich August Köttig. Soon minutely detailed landscapes and port scenes, animals, flowers, galante courtly scenes and chinoiseries, fanciful Chinese-inspired decorations, were to be found on Meissen porcelain. The Kakiemon floral decoration of vases and tea wares in Japanese export porcelain were combined with Chinese famille verte to create a style known as Indianische Blume ("Indian Flowers"); Augustus had large collections of both Chinese and Japanese porcelain. Coloured grounds with decoration painted on white in panels appear in the 1730s. Paintings by Watteau were copied. Wares were also sold with plain glazed colors, usually white, to be enamelled in private workshops (Hausmalerei), many in Augsburg and Bayreuth, and independently retailed. The support of Augustus' patronage attracted to Meissen some of the finest painters and modellers of Europe as staff artists.

 * Up to 1725

Famous trademark
The Albrechtsburg was utilized to protect the secrets of the manufacture of the white gold. As a further precaution, very few workers knew the arcanum (hidden, secret knowledge) of how to make porcelain, and then perhaps only part of the process. Thus, for a few years, Meissen retained its monopoly on the production of hard-paste porcelain in Europe. By 1717, however, a competing production was set up at Vienna, as Samuel Stöltzel, head of the craftsmen and arcanist at Meissen, sold the secret recipe, which involved the use of kaolin, also known as china clay. By 1760 about thirty porcelain manufacturers were operating in Europe, most of them, however, producing frit based soft-paste porcelain.

In order to identify the original Meissen products, Meissen developed markings that initially were painted on, but were soon fired in underglaze blue. Early markings such as AR (Augustus Rex, the monogram of the King), K.P.M. (Königliche Porzellan-Manufaktur), M.P.M. (Meissener Porzellan-Manufaktur), and K.P.F. (Königliche Porzellan-Fabrik) were eventually replaced by the crossed swords logo, based on the arms of the Elector of Saxony as Arch-Marshal of the Holy Roman Empire. Introduced in 1720, the logo was used consistently after 1731 by official decree. Variations in the logo allow approximate dating of the wares. However, in the 18th century, the mark was not considered important, and it was commonly painted on in a crude manner. It wasn't until the "dot period" when a gentleman asked that the mark be adjusted to look older that the factory got serious about mark control.

Artistic development
After Irminger, the next chief modeller, Johann Jakob Kirchner, was the first to make large-scale statues and figurines, especially of Baroque saints. His assistant was Johann Joachim Kaendler; in 1733 Kirchner resigned, and Kaendler took over as chief modeller, remaining in place until his death in 1775, and becoming the most famous of the Meissen modellers. Under his direction Meissen produced the series of small figurines, which brought out the best of the new material (see below). His menagerie of large-scale animals, left in the white, are some of the high points of European porcelain manufacture. His work resulted in the production of exquisite figurines in the rococo style that influenced porcelain making in all of Europe. He was supported by assistants like Johann Friedrich Eberlein and Peter Reinecke.

In 1756, during the Seven Years' War, Prussian troops occupied Meissen, giving Frederick II of Prussia the opportunity to relocate some of the artisans to establish the Royal Porcelain Manufacture Berlin (Königliche Porzellan Manufaktur Berlin; KPMB). With the changing tastes of the neoclassical period and the rise of Sèvres porcelain in the 1760s, Meissen had to readjust its production, and in the reorganization from 1763, C.W.E. Dietrich of the Dresden Academy became artistic director and Michel-Victor Acier from France became the modelmaster. The practice of impressing numerals that correspond to moulds in the inventory books began in 1763.

Marcolini period
Count Camillo Marcolini ran the factory from 1774 to 1813, when after the Battle of Leipzig he followed Frederick Augustus I of Saxony into exile, dying in Prague the next year. This period's output was marked by Sèvres styles and ventures into Neoclassicism, such as unglazed matte biscuit porcelain wares that had the effect of white marble. Meissen wares were slightly reduced in quality, and considerably in quantity during this period, as both Austria and Prussia banned imports, and Britain, France and Russia placed high tariffs on imports - all now had their own industries to protect.

19th-century
In the nineteenth century Ernst August Leuteritz modernized many of the rococo figurines, and reissued them, creating a "Second Rococo" characterized by lacework details (made from actual lace dipped in slip and fired) and applied flowers. One of the flower painters was Georg Friedrich Kersting. After about 1830 the fortunes of the factory revived, although with wares that appeal less to modern taste than the 18th-century ones. The factory had great commercial success with the lithophane technique, introduced in 1829, which produced a picture when held up to the light.

20th-century
Under Erich Hösel, who became head of the modelling department in 1903, old styles were revived and reinterpreted. Hösel also restored eighteenth century models. Some appealing work in the Art Nouveau style was produced, but Meissen's mainstay continued to be the constant production of revived eighteenth-century models.

After 1933, the artistic freedom of the artists became restricted by the State of Saxony in accordance with the contemporary indoctrination process in Germany. Some artists (i.e. Ernst Barlach) who had contributed to progressive Meissen during the Weimar period were banned.

After World War II and under Communist rule, the manufactory that had always catered to the rich and wealthy had some difficulty to find its way. The danger was that Meissen would become a factory merely producing for the masses. It was not until 1969, when Karl Petermann became the director, that Meissen went back to focus on its old traditions and was also allowed a freer artistic expression.

Figures
Figurines had been produced under Böttger, when a small white figure of Augustus II the Strong was produced. Johann Joachim Kändler modelled many of the most famous figures, which were initially made for decorating the tables at grand meals, usually in white, replacing sugar sculptures. However, they soon became very popular as ornaments for living rooms and were cheaper than an entire table service, so available to a rather wider market, both in terms of geography and social class. Kändler soon had them brightly painted, increasing their attraction.

Human figures were mostly courtiers, shepherds and shepherdesses (Dresden shepherdess is a proverbial term), commedia dell'arte characters, animals, personifications or "allegorical figures" (such the seasons, virtues, or continents) and figures in Chinese and Turkish costumes. As well as the pastoral fantasy shepherdesses there were also some more realistic figures of urban workers, based on print series of the street cries of Paris, London and other cities. In the 1750s a large series of miners was produced. The Meissen repertoire had a huge influence on other European porcelain factories, and the porcelain figure is a defining object for the Rococo.

Kändler also produced a modello of Augustus III of Poland on a horse which was intended to be a life size statue for the city. There is an all white figure of the Triumph of Amphitrite in Berlin that is the only known figure signed by Kändler.

A famous large group, or menagerie, of animal figures were ordered by Augustus for the Japanese Palace he was building in the 1720s. Kändler took the series over in 1733, and modelled most of the figures. These were often many times the size of most figures, and making them posed great technical problems. Nonetheless, when seen as a group they were a sight that astonished and impressed visitors. Smaller figures of animals, especially birds, were also very popular.

The "Monkey Band" (Affenkapelle, lit. '"ape orchestra"'), are a comic group of figures of monkey musicians, and a larger excited conductor, all in fancy contemporary costumes. They were first modelled by Kändler and Reinicke in 1753-54, with a later set in the 1760s. They were copied by Chelsea porcelain and others. Such singerie were popular in various media.

Tableware patterns
Böttger early foresaw the production of tableware, and the first services were made in the 1720s. Initial services were plain, but Kaendler soon introduced matching decorations. Kaendler also produced the 1745 "New Cutout" pattern, characterized by a wavy edge cut, and is presumed to have designed the much-copied osier pattern of a relief border imitating a woven wicker or osier fence.

Initially relatively small tea and coffee services were the most produced, but from the 1730s large armorial porcelain dinner services began to be made, initially for Augustus, but then other buyers in Germany and abroad. They also became used for diplomatic gifts. Maria Amalia of Saxony, granddaughter of Augustus, married the King of the Three Sicilies, later Charles III of Spain, and her dowry is said to have included 17 Meissen table services, inspiring the couple to found the Capodimonte porcelain factoruy in Naples.

The most famous of these is the Swan Service (Schwanenservice) made in 1737-1743, for the manufactory's director, Count Heinrich von Brühl; It eventually numbered more than a thousand pieces. At the end of World War II, the pieces of the Swan Service were scattered amongst collectors and museums. Yet, with the moulds still available, the pattern continues to be made today. The Möllendorff Dinner Service of the 1760s is another huge service, also today divided between many collections.

The Blue Onion pattern (in fact copying Chinese pomegranates) has been in production for close to three centuries. It was effectively designed by Höroldt in 1739 and is probably inspired by a Chinese bowl from the Kangxi period. Widely popular, the pattern has been copied extensively by over sixty companies; some of those competitors have even used the word Meissen as a marking. But the pattern became so popular and widespread that the German Supreme Court in 1926 ruled that the Meissen Zwiebelmuster was in the public domain.

A series of "Court Dragon" and "Red Dragon" tableware patterns features Chinese dragons, generally in underglaze red with gilt details flying around the rim of the plate and with a medallion in the center of the cavetto. A version of this pattern was used in Hitler's Kehlsteinhaus retreat.

Other popular patterns still in production include the Purple Rose pattern and the Vine-leaf pattern.

Ownership
At the beginning the Meissen manufactory was owned by the King of Saxony; by 1830 it came to belong to the State of Saxony. After World War II, most of the equipment was sent to the Soviet Union as part of war reparations. However, the workers using traditional methods and the kilns that had not been dismantled were able to resume production by 1946. The company became a Soviet Joint Stock Company in Germany. Almost all of the production was sent to the Soviet Union, a crucial step that kept the artisan community alive. After the establishment of the German Democratic Republic, the company was handed over to German ownership in 1950 and became a Volkseigener Betrieb (VEB), a "people-owned company". VEB Meissen Porzellan turned out to be one of the few profitable companies in the economically troubled East German system, earning much needed foreign currency. After the German reunification in 1990, the company was restored to the State of Saxony which is the sole owner. While its products are expensive, the high quality and artistic value make Meissen porcelain desirable by collectors and connoisseurs.

Meissen collections
The rarity and expense of Meissen porcelain meant that originally it could be bought only by the upper classes; this gradually changed over the 19th century. When a wealthy class emerged in the United States in the nineteenth century, such families as the Vanderbilts started their own collections. Many of these collections then found their way into the world's great museums, including the Dixon Gallery and Gardens, featuring one of the largest collections in America.

A collection of 117 chinoiserie items, including a mantel clock case made for Augustus the Strong dated 1727, which had been assembled by Dr Franz Oppenheimer and his wife, Margarethe, was auctioned by Sotheby's in September 2021 following the Oppenheimer's successful claim for restitution submitted to the Dutch Restitution Commission.

A Meissen porcelain chocolate pot, cover, and stand, dated c.1780, were amongst the wedding gifts of Queen Elizabeth II.

Personalities

 * Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus, inventor of Meissen porcelain
 * Johann Friedrich Böttger, introduced manufacturing process of Meissen porcelain
 * Heinrich Gottlieb Kühn, introduced the colouring process
 * Friedrich August Köttig, introduced the Meissen Blue
 * Johann Joachim Kaendler, master modeller ca. 1730-1770
 * Johann Eleazar Zeissig, known as Schenau, painter, designer and Director of the drawing school at the porcelain factory from 1773.

title: Meissen porcelain


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Breakfast in bed for 400,000

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. - Mailer Diablo 23:20, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

Breakfast in bed for 400,000
Not notable Groeck 18:59, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: A movie done for a class? Besides which it does not register at IMDB. --Durin 19:27, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * delete. It might not be notable, but that doesn't really matter. More importantly, it meets actual deletion criteria of not being verifiably factual. Trollderella 19:53, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete no IMDb page=non notable. CanadianCaesar 20:01, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-notable short film. *drew 01:43, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.