text:
Bettany Hughes

Bettany Mary Hughes (born May 1967)  is an English historian, author, and broadcaster, specialising in classical history. Her published books cover classical antiquity and myth, and the history of Istanbul. She is active in efforts to encourage the teaching of the classics in UK state schools. Hughes was appointed OBE in 2019.

Early life and education
Hughes grew up in West London. She is the daughter of actors Peter and Erica Hughes, and the sister of the cricketer and journalist Simon Hughes. She was educated at Notting Hill and Ealing High School in Ealing, and at St Hilda's College, Oxford, where she graduated with a degree in ancient and modern history.

She has an honorary doctorate from the University of York.

Career
She is a visiting research fellow at King's College London, formerly a tutor for Cambridge University's Institute of Continuing Education, and an honorary fellow at Cardiff University.

Hughes has written and presented many documentary films and series on both ancient and modern subjects. In 2009, she was awarded the Naomi Sargant Special Award for excellence in educational broadcasting, and in 2012 she was awarded the Norton Medlicott Award for services to history by the Historical Association, of which she is an honorary fellow.

In 2010, she gave the Hellenic Institute's Tenth Annual lecture "Ta Erotika: The Things of Love"; in 2011, Hughes gave the Royal Television Society's Huw Wheldon Memorial Lecture, in which she argued that history on television is thriving and enjoying a new golden age. In 2011, she chaired the Orange Prize for Fiction, the UK's only annual book award for fiction written by women.

Hughes is a patron of The Iris Project, a charity that promotes the teaching of Latin and Greek in UK state schools. She is an honorary patron of Classics For All, a national campaign to get classical languages and the study of ancient civilisations back into state schools. She is an advisor to the Foundation for Science, Technology and Civilisation which aims to foster large-scale collaborative projects between East and West.

In 2014, she was made a Distinguished Friend of the University of Oxford.

Hughes is a Vice President of the National Churches Trust.

She was elected as a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London (FSA) on 3 March 2017. She was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2019 Birthday Honours for services to history.

Personal life
Hughes is married to Adrian Evans, events director and producer, who was pageant master for the Diamond and Platinum Jubilees; the couple have two daughters Sorrel and May.

Hughes is a vegetarian. In 2016, she delivered the British Humanist Association's annual Voltaire Lecture.

Recognition
She was recognized as one of the BBC's 100 women of 2013.

Books
Hughes has written five books:

 * Helen of Troy: Goddess, Princess, Whore (2005)
 * The Hemlock Cup: Socrates, Athens and the Search for the Good Life (2010)
 * Istanbul: A Tale of Three Cities (2017)
 * Venus and Aphrodite (2019)
 * The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World (2024)

The Hemlock Cup was included in The New York Times Bestseller List. It was chosen as Book of the Year by The Daily Telegraph, and it was featured as a Book of the Week on BBC Radio 4. It was shortlisted for a Writer's Guild Award.

Istanbul was reviewed by The New York Review of Books and was shortlisted for the Runciman Award in 2018.

Venus and Aphrodite was shortlisted in 2021 for the Runciman Award.

Other writings

 * "Helen of Troy: Goddess, Princess, Whore" – European Cultural Centre of Delphi, XIII International Meeting On Ancient Drama 2007, The Women in Ancient Drama, Symposium Proceedings
 * "'Terrible, Excruciating, Wrong-Headed And Ineffectual': The Perils and Pleasures of Presenting Antiquity to a Television Audience" – Dunstan Lowe, Kim Shahabudin (ed.), Classics for All: Reworking Antiquity in Mass Culture. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2009, ISBN 978-1443801201

title: Bettany Hughes


text: User:Kzzl/Gzzl/talk

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Kzzl/Gzzl/talk


text: Talk:WDEQ-FM

title: Talk:WDEQ-FM


text:
Jukka Sauso

Jukka Sauso (born 20 June 1982) is a Finnish former footballer.

Sauso is a big and strong central defender, but is often used as a last minute solution up front because of his notorious heading skills. When Sauso was playing for Örgryte IS in the Swedish Allsvenskan in 2006, he also started some matches as a striker.

Sauso played for Vaasan Palloseura and FC Hämeenlinna in Veikkausliiga before moving to Sweden and Örgryte for the 2005 season. He was a big hit in his first season in Allsvenskan and was near to move to Wisła Kraków. After playing two seasons in Allsvenskan and a third in Superettan for Örgryte, he moved back to Finland for the 2008 season.

Sauso was promoted to the Finland national team in 2005. He was also a part of the Finland squad at the 2001 FIFA World Youth Championship.

title: Jukka Sauso


text:
UEFA Euro 1988 squads

UEFA Euro 1988 was a football tournament that took place in West Germany between 10 June and 25 June 1988. The eight competing nations were required to name a squad of no more than 20 players. The players' listed ages are their ages on the tournament's opening day (10 June 1988).

Denmark
Manager: Sepp Piontek

Italy
Manager: Azeglio Vicini

Spain
Manager: Miguel Muñoz

West Germany
Manager: Franz Beckenbauer

England
Manager: Bobby Robson

Netherlands
Manager: Rinus Michels

Republic of Ireland
Manager: 🏴 Jack Charlton

Soviet Union
Manager: Valeriy Lobanovskyi

title: UEFA Euro 1988 squads


text:
Villeret

Villeret may refer to:

 * Villeret, Aisne, France
 * Villeret, Aube, France
 * Villeret, Switzerland
 * Jacques Villeret, French actor

title: Villeret


text:
Villeret, Switzerland

Villeret is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is located in the French-speaking Bernese Jura (Jura Bernois).

History
Villeret is first mentioned in 1390 as Villeret.

During the Late Middle Ages and the Early Modern Era it was part of the seigniory of Erguel under the Prince-Bishop of Basel. After the 1797 French victory and the Treaty of Campo Formio, Villeret became part of the French Département of Mont-Terrible. Three years later, in 1800 it became part of the Département of Haut-Rhin. After Napoleon's defeat and the Congress of Vienna, Villeret was assigned to the Canton of Bern in 1815. In 1932 the Combe-Grède/Chasseral nature reserve was established in the municipal borders.

The village was part of the parish of Saint-Imier until 1951, when it separated to form an independent parish. The village Reformed church was built in 1936-37.

During the mid-18th century a number of forges, mills, sawmills and hammermills were built along the Suze river. The numerous mills and available water power attracted many blacksmiths, nailsmiths and locksmiths to the village. In 1725, the watch industry first entered the village and the craftsmen began producing watch parts. Starting in 1735, watchmaking moguls such as the Blancpain family built houses, infrastructure, factories and public areas to attract skilled craftsmen to Villeret. The completion of the Biel-Les Convers railroad in 1874 caused another population boom, which had reached its zenith by 1910. The financial crises of the 1930s and 1970s devastated the watch industry. The industry began to recover in 1993 when Cartier decided to open to factory in Villeret. This was followed in 2000 by the Straumann dental implants and instruments factory. However, in 2003, Cartier closed their factory. In 2005, the manufacturing sector makes up almost three-fourths of all jobs in the municipality.

Geography
Villeret has an area of. Of this area, 7.37 km2 or 45.4% is used for agricultural purposes, while 8.11 km2 or 49.9% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 0.65 km2 or 4.0% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.01 km2 or 0.1% is either rivers or lakes and 0.12 km2 or 0.7% is unproductive land.

Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 1.7% and transportation infrastructure made up 1.8%. Out of the forested land, 45.1% of the total land area is heavily forested and 4.8% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 6.3% is used for growing crops and 12.4% is pastures and 26.6% is used for alpine pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water.

The municipality is located in the Bernese Jura at the foot of Mount Chasseral.

On 31 December 2009 District de Courtelary, the municipality's former district, was dissolved. On the following day, 1 January 2010, it joined the newly created Arrondissement administratif Jura bernois.

Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Gules on a Bend Argent three Trefoils downpointing Vert all within a Border Or.

Demographics
Villeret has a population of. , 9.6% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2000-2010) the population has changed at a rate of -3.3%. Migration accounted for -3.1%, while births and deaths accounted for -0.9%.

Most of the population speaks French (749 or 83.1%) as their first language, German is the second most common (102 or 11.3%) and Albanian is the third (22 or 2.4%). There are 14 people who speak Italian and 1 person who speaks Romansh.

, the population was 49.5% male and 50.5% female. The population was made up of 395 Swiss men (44.5% of the population) and 44 (5.0%) non-Swiss men. There were 407 Swiss women (45.9%) and 41 (4.6%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 217 or about 24.1% were born in Villeret and lived there in 2000. There were 296 or 32.9% who were born in the same canton, while 215 or 23.9% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 120 or 13.3% were born outside of Switzerland.

, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 21.1% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 58.9% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 20.1%.

, there were 347 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 457 married individuals, 51 widows or widowers and 46 individuals who are divorced.

, there were 124 households that consist of only one person and 28 households with five or more people. , a total of 375 apartments (84.5% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 33 apartments (7.4%) were seasonally occupied and 36 apartments (8.1%) were empty. , the construction rate of new housing units was 1.1 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality,, was 4%.

The historical population is given in the following chart:

Politics
In the 2011 federal election the most popular party was the Swiss People's Party (SVP) which received 26.8% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the Social Democratic Party (SP) (25.9%), the Green Party (11.8%) and the FDP.The Liberals (11.1%). In the federal election, a total of 234 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 36.4%.

Economy
, Villeret had an unemployment rate of 2.58%. , there were a total of 749 people employed in the municipality. Of these, there were 40 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 13 businesses involved in this sector. 635 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 15 businesses in this sector. 74 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 29 businesses in this sector. There were 443 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 44.2% of the workforce.

there were a total of 703 full-time equivalent jobs. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 30, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 614 of which 607 or (98.9%) were in manufacturing and 5 (0.8%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 59. In the tertiary sector; 14 or 23.7% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 8 or 13.6% were in the movement and storage of goods, 11 or 18.6% were in a hotel or restaurant, 7 or 11.9% were technical professionals or scientists, 10 or 16.9% were in education.

, there were 371 workers who commuted into the municipality and 318 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net importer of workers, with about 1.2 workers entering the municipality for every one leaving. About 12.9% of the workforce coming into Villeret are coming from outside Switzerland. Of the working population, 10.8% used public transportation to get to work, and 61.6% used a private car.

Religion
From the, 160 or 17.8% were Roman Catholic, while 432 or 47.9% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 2 members of an Orthodox church (or about 0.22% of the population), there was 1 individual who belongs to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 88 individuals (or about 9.77% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 37 (or about 4.11% of the population) who were Islamic. There was 1 person who was Buddhist. 174 (or about 19.31% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 50 individuals (or about 5.55% of the population) did not answer the question.

Education
In Villeret about 318 or (35.3%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 116 or (12.9%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 116 who completed tertiary schooling, 62.1% were Swiss men, 16.4% were Swiss women, 9.5% were non-Swiss men and 12.1% were non-Swiss women.

The Canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend additional schooling or they may enter an apprenticeship.

During the 2010-11 school year, there were a total of 95 students attending classes in Villeret. There was one kindergarten class with a total of 17 students in the municipality. Of the kindergarten students, 5.9% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens). The municipality had 4 primary classes and 78 students. Of the primary students, 7.7% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 10.3% have a different mother language than the classroom language. , there were 38 students in Villeret who came from another municipality, while 82 residents attended schools outside the municipality.

Villeret is home to the Bibliothèque communale et scolaire du Soleil library. The library has 6,001 books or other media, and loaned out 3,500 items in the same year. It was open a total of 160 days with average of 4 hours per week during that year.

Transportation
The municipality has a railway station, Villeret. The station is located on the Biel/Bienne–La Chaux-de-Fonds line and has hourly service to Biel/Bienne and La Chaux-de-Fonds.

title: Villeret, Switzerland


text:
S. K. Wankhede

Sheshrao Krishnarao Wankhede (24 September 1914 in Nagpur – 30 January 1988 in Mumbai) was a cricket administrator and politician.

Early life
Wankhede had his early college education in Nagpur and entered the bar in England. On his return, he started practice in Nagpur. In the 1940s, he entered politics and was jailed for taking part in the Indian freedom struggle.

Political career
He was elected to the Madhya Pradesh State assembly in 1952 and served as the deputy speaker of Bilingual Bombay State from 23 November 1956 to 5 April 1957. He was elected from Kalmeshwar in 1957 elections to the Bombay State and in 1962 and 1967 to the Maharashtra Assembly. He was the Speaker of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly between 22 March 1972 till 20 April 1977. Wankhede was also the mayor of Nagpur for three years. In 1967, he was a member of the Indian delegation that took part in the 22nd session of the United Nations General Assembly in New York City.

As Cricket Administrator
Wankhede was the President of the Board of Control for Cricket in India from 1980-81 to 1982-83, and the Vice president from 1972-73 to 1979-80. He led the Bombay Cricket Association from 1963-64 till his death. He also chaired various other sporting bodies. He was an agriculturist and businessman by profession.

The Bombay Cricket Association (BCA) had persistent disputes with the Cricket Club of India over ticketing revenues from Brabourne Stadium, which is owned by CCI. After a particularly bitter dispute in the early 1970s, the BCA decided to build a stadium of its own in Mumbai. Built under his leadership, it is now named after him as Wankhede Stadium, and is a prominent international cricketing venue.

In Popular Culture
It is told that Mr. Wankhede went to watch the India vs Zimbabwe match of the 1983 World Cup at Tunbridge Wells. Seeing India at 17 for 5, Wankhede asked his Indian taxi driver to keep the meter running. Later, after Kapil Dev's onslaught of unbeaten 175, a world record then, and India defeating Zimbabwe, it is said that Wankhede paid 300 pounds for that taxi ride. This has been captured in 83 movie starring Ranveer Singh.

title: S. K. Wankhede


text:
Guna, India

Guna is a city and a municipality in Guna district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. It is the administrative headquarters of Guna District and is located on the banks of Parbati river.

Geography
Guna is located at 24.65°N, 77.32°W. It has an average elevation of 474 metres (1555 ft).

Demographics
As of 2011 Indian Census, Guna had a total population of 180,935, of which 94,464 were males and 86,471 were females. Population within the age group of 0 to 6 years was 24,447. The total number of literates in Guna was 125,295, which constituted 69.2% of the population with male literacy of 75.3% and female literacy of 62.6%. The effective literacy rate of 7+ population of Guna was 80.1%, of which male literacy rate was 87.2% and female literacy rate was 72.3%. The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes population was 27,631 and 3,623 respectively. Guna had 34383 households in 2011.

India census, Guna has a population of 137,132. Males constitute 52.8% of the population and females 47.2%. Total number of literates was 91,322, giving a crude literacy rate 66.6% and an effective literacy rate of 78.4%. In Guna, a population of 20,648 (15%) was in the age range of 0–6 years.

Education
For higher education engineering private college Jaypee University of Engineering & Technology (JUET) situated near guna around 35 km.

title: Guna, India


text:
Nina Badrić

Nina Badrić (born 4 July 1972) is a Croatian pop singer and songwriter. She began performing in the early 1990s, and competed in "Dora" – the Croatian selection for Eurovision Song Contest 4 times. She won 7th place in 1993 with "Ostavljam te", 10th place in 1994 with "Godine nestvarne", 18th place in 1995 with "Odlaziš zauvijek", and second place in 2003 with "Čarobno jutro". Badrić eventually represented Croatia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2012 in Baku, Azerbaijan with the song "Nebo". She finished 12th in the second semi-final and failed to qualify for the grand final.

Early life
Badrić attended primary school "Otokar Keršovani", and started singing in the children's choir Zvjezdice at the age of nine. She spent seven years in the choir, while she began doing backing vocals with performers such as the Parni valjak, Prljavo kazalište and others.

Early career
In the early 1990s she was discovered by Dino Dvornik who helped develop her career. Later, she had her first major appearance on Crovizija, where she won with the song "Ostavljam te", in collaboration with Rajko Dujmić, Jasenko Houra and her first manager Daniel Koletić. Shortly after that she signed her first professional contract with Croatia Records and in 1995 released her first album Godine nestvarne. However, Nina made first major success in duet with singer Emilija Kokić and the song "Ja sam vlak". Badrić released her second album Personality in 1997, the record label Top Zoe Music. Nina won two Porins for best female vocal performance and best album of pop and classical music. She has also covered the song "I'm So Excited" by American R&B group the Pointer Sisters, receiving a degree of international recognition. In 1999 she released the 13 track album Unique, including two versions of the song, "Woman in Love" and also a remix of "Po dobru ti me pamti". She collaborated with a number of Croatian musicians, including Boytronic.

2000–present
With the single "Nek ti bude kao meni", Nina announced her fourth album, Nina, released in 2000, through the label Croatia Records. It contained twelve songs and was produced by Darko Juranović. It featured the second single "Ako kažeš da me ne voliš" that was supported by a video. In 2003 she released a compilation, Collection, and her fourth studio album Ljubav, consisting of thirteen tracks. The songs "Čarobno jutro" and "Za dobre i loše dane" were released as singles.

On 14 February 2005, Badrić performed at the Dom sportova in Zagreb, in support of the campaign by UNICEF to house abandoned children. The concert was filmed and the same year Badrić released a live album on double CDs, Ljubav za ljubav – Live, released through Aquarius Records. In November 2007, she released her seventh studio album, 07. The album opens with the song "Kralj života mog", which is a duet with Romani diva Ljiljana Petrović-Buttler. The tracklist contains another duet, "Ne dam te nikom" with Montell Jordan. The album was recorded over two years and produced by Steve Sidwell. In November 2011, Nina released the album NeBo.

Badrić represented Croatia at the Eurovision Song Contest 2012 in Baku, Azerbaijan with the song "Nebo". She performed in the second semi-final and failed to reach the top ten and final cutoff, at 12th place with 42 points.

After the Eurovision Song Contest, Badrić embarked on an arena tour of the region. In 2013, Badrić recorded a duet "Duše su se srele" with Bosnian singer Mirza Šoljanin. In January 2015, she recorded another duet, called "Lozinka za raj", with Serbian singer Željko Vasić.

In 2016, Badrić recorded a song "Želim živjeti", together with Shorty, Ivana Husar, Marija Husar, Palić Sisters, Alan Hržica and band Emanuel in support of an anti-abortion campaign. In July 2016, Badrić performed her song "Dani i godine" at the wedding of Ana Ivanovic and Bastian Schweinsteiger.

Personal life
She married Bernard Krasnić in 2006; they divorced in 2012. During the campaign for the 2007 Croatian parliamentary election, Badrić performed at a number of fundraising events for the Croatian Democratic Union. She is a devout Roman Catholic. She often makes pilgrimages to Lourdes, Medjugorje and Šurkovac.

Discography

 * Studio albums:
 * Godine nestvarne (Croatia, 1995)
 * Personality (Zg Zoe Music, 1997)
 * Unique (Croatia, 1999)
 * Nina (Croatia, 2000)
 * Ljubav (Aquarius, 2003)
 * 07 (Aquarius, 2007)
 * NeBo (Aquarius, 2011)

title: Nina Badrić


text:
Talk:Received signal strength indicator

The linked article from WildPackets (Converting_Signal_Strength.pdf) says that Cisco's RSSI_Max is 100, not 101. 101 values; 0 to 100. Can't find anything from a quick sitesearch on cisco.com, and other sites around the net seem to disagree in the same capacity... -- Jeffschuler 16:45, August 29, 2005 (UTC)

Scale Factor
Although the scale as directed by Cisco is 0 - 100, is this a definitive scale that the RSSI should be matched against? what about negative values, i.e. -69? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 193.129.247.66 (talk • contribs) 16:26, 24 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Negative values are a measurement of signal strength in dB. RSSI is not. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 205.175.225.22 (talk • contribs) 16:03, 20 June 2007 (UTC)

 * I saw an airport extreme showing a RSSI of -1, that's why i searched for the definition. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.210.83.114 (talk • contribs) 14:31, 22 December 2008 (UTC)

 * Tomato shows RSSI values in dBm (in Tools|Wireless Survey). So are they wrong in calling it RSSI? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.162.19.129 (talk) 01:07, 16 January 2009 (UTC)

 * IEEE Std 802.11-2012 uses "RSSI" in at least two difference senses. Section 14.3.3.3 "RXVECTOR RSSI" clause ("The RSSI is an optional parameter that has a value of 0 to RSSI Max. This parameter is a measure by the PHY of the energy observed at the antenna used to receive the current PPDU. RSSI shall be measured between the beginning of the SFD and the end of the PLCP HEC. RSSI is intended to be used in a relative manner. Absolute accuracy of the RSSI reading is not specified."), which is the RSSI that's in the range 0-{whatever}, and Table 6-7—ESS "Link Parameter Set" talks about "DataFrameRSSI" and "BeaconRSSI" ("The received signal strength in dBm of received {Data,Beacon} frames from the network. This may be time- averaged over recent history by a vendor-specific smoothing function."), which is a dBm value.  I guess anything that Indicates the Signal Strength of a Received signal could be called an "RSSI". Guy Harris (talk) 03:22, 12 February 2013 (UTC)

what causes RSSI and the solution
Am ABU OLU by name working as a telecom engineer in transmission department,we have a problem of RSSI in some our sites, pleas sir i want to known the cuase and the possible solution. Thanks. my email is abusalime2001@yahoo.com —Preceding unsigned comment added by 212.100.68.125 (talk) 07:50, 20 June 2008 (UTC)

 * Wikipedia is an encyclopedia, not a technical support forum. Please use talk pages for discussing changes to the article in question. Thank you. --J. Atkins (talk - contribs) 16:54, 22 August 2008 (UTC)

Article too technical?
As has been stated on the article page -- on the tag itself -- it was misplaced; IMHO it's unlikely that non-technical ('general' audiences) would be researching RSSI. I've removed it. If you feel it is required, please don't hesitate to readd it, but also explain on the talk page. Thanks. --J. Atkins (talk - contribs) 16:51, 22 August 2008 (UTC)

What is it used for?
The article describes where the circuit can be found, and what form the outputs take, but it doesn't describe why RF receivers go to the trouble of implementing the RSSI circuit in the first place. How is the RSSI data used in RF receivers? (especially if it is "usually invisible to the user") --Underpants 01:50, 27 February 2009 (UTC)

Most basic question unanswered here
Is a high RSSI value a good thing or a bad thing for a connection to a WiFi network? I'm sure the answer is in there somewhere in this article, for people who already understand the terms enough not to have to read it! Maybe the answer is indeterminate and that's why it isn't here, but I suspect the a high RSSI is either always a good thing for a WiFi user or always a bad thing, but that information just hasn't been delivered here. I'll find it elsewhere and won't likely return, but hopefully this comment can make this article more pointful.--173.34.103.251 (talk) 12:12, 25 April 2009 (UTC)

 * From article: "Therefore, the higher the RSSI number (or less negative in some devices), the stronger the signal." i.e.good. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 136.159.70.60 (talk) 20:04, 5 December 2011 (UTC)

Range?
The article says "RSSI measurements are unitless and in the range 0 to 255", but my Mac is reporting "RSSI: -26", and elsewhere in the article it says "the higher the RSSI number (or less negative in some devices)". What does the first sentence mean, given that the article (and actual devices) sometimes report negative numbers? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.232.11.50 (talk) 15:51, 9 February 2011 (UTC)
 * Which program in OSX is reporting the -26 value? The -26 is likely a value reported in dBm, which is a signal strength, and not RSSI. The "less negative" part of that sentence should be removed from the article.  As a reference point for your -26 value, in system profiler under AirPort, my current signal strength is reported to be -52 dBm with a noise level of -92 dBm.   ~ Justin Ormont (talk) 00:54, 11 February 2011 (UTC)

 * Option+click on the 802.11 menu extra (the 802.11 icon on the menu bar) will pop up information including something labeled as "RSSI" that is -45 for our network right now. A recent capture with Wireshark shows "SSI signal" values, which are in dBm, close to -45, so that's probably what they're calling RSSI.  Assuming they're following the radiotap spec, that field is antenna signal], which is "RF signal power at the antenna" as "a single signed 8-bit value, which indicates the RF signal power at the antenna, in decibels difference from 1mW", so that (which is, in fact, dBm).  It's certainly a "received signal strength indicator", but it's not the received signal strength indicator in, say, the 802.11-2012 section 14.3.3.3 "RXVECTOR RSSI" clause ("The RSSI is an optional parameter that has a value of 0 to RSSI Max. This parameter is a measure by the PHY of the energy observed at the antenna used to receive the current PPDU. RSSI shall be measured between the beginning of the SFD and the end of the PLCP HEC. RSSI is intended to be used in a relative manner. Absolute accuracy of the RSSI reading is not specified."), but it is an RSSI in the sense of DataFrameRSSI or BeaconRSSI in Table 6-7—ESS Link Parameter Set ("The received signal strength in dBm of received {Data,Beacon} frames from the network. This may be time- averaged over recent history by a vendor-specific smoothing function."). Guy Harris (talk) 03:03, 12 February 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Received signal strength indicator


text:
Diesse

Diesse is a former municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland, located in the French-speaking Bernese Jura (Jura Bernois).

The proposed merger of the municipalities of Diesse, Lamboing, Nods, and Prêles into the new municipality of Le Plateau de Diesse was rejected by voters. However, on 1 January 2014 the former municipalities of Diesse, Lamboing, and Prêles merged into the new municipality of Plateau de Diesse.

History
Diesse is first mentioned in 1178 as Diesse. In German it was known as Tess though this name is no longer commonly used.

The parish church of Diesse was first mentioned in 1185. Beginning in 1530 the Protestant Reformation gradually gained power until the parish switched to the new faith in 1554. Until 1798, Diesse was the capital of the district of Tessenberg. Following the 1798 French invasion, Diesse became part of France and remained so until the Congress of Vienna returned it to Bern. The village school was built in 1850-56. The village's population slowly declined until the 1980s, when commuters to the surrounding towns began to move into Diesse.

Geography
Before the merger, Diesse had a total area of 9.5 km2. As of 2012, a total of 4.54 km2 or 47.9% is used for agricultural purposes, while 4.47 km2 or 47.2% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 0.43 km2 or 4.5% is settled (buildings or roads), and 0.01 km2 or 0.1% is unproductive land.

During the same year, housing and buildings made up 1.5%, and transportation infrastructure made up 2.3%. Out of the forested land, 43.0% of the total land area is heavily forested, and 4.1% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 21.9% is used for growing crops, 10.5% is pastureland, and 15.2% is used for alpine pasture.

The former municipality is located on the plateau de Diesse.

On 31 December 2009 District de la Neuveville, the municipality's former district, was dissolved. On the following day, 1 January 2010, it joined the newly created Arrondissement administratif Jura bernois.

Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Gules five Linden leaves of the same on a Saltire Argent.

Demographics
As of 2011 Diesse had a population of 436. , 9.0% of the population were resident foreign nationals. Over the past ten years (2001-2011) the population has changed at a rate of -1.8%. Migration accounted for -2.9%, while births and deaths accounted for 0.9%.

Most of the population speaks French (370 or 88.3%) as their first language, German is the second most common (40 or 9.5%), and Spanish is the third (5 or 1.2%).

, the population was 48.6% male and 51.4% female. The population was made up of 196 Swiss men (44.1% of the population) and 20 (4.5%) non-Swiss men. There were 208 Swiss women (46.8%) and 20 (4.5%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality 136, or about 32.5%, were born in Diesse and lived there in 2000. There were 153, or 36.5%, who were born in the same canton, while 78, or 18.6%, were born elsewhere in Switzerland and 30, or 7.2%, were born outside of Switzerland.

, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 22% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 63.8% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 14.2%.

, there were 169 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 207 married individuals, 24 widows or widowers and 19 individuals who are divorced.

, there were 53 households that consisted of only one person and 11 households with five or more people. , a total of 157 apartments (87.2% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 14 apartments (7.8%) were seasonally occupied and nine apartments (5.0%) were empty. , the construction rate of new housing units was 6.8 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality,, was 0.94%.

The historical population is given in the following chart:

Sights
The entire village of Diesse is designated as part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites.

Politics
In the 2011 federal election the most popular party was the Green Party, which received 24.9% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the Swiss People's Party (SVP) (21.7%), the Social Democratic Party (SP) (17.7%), and the FDP.The Liberals (11.4%). In the federal election, a total of 132 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 40.5%.

Economy
, Diesse had an unemployment rate of 2.32%. , there were a total of 117 people employed in the municipality. Of these, there were 25 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 11 businesses involved in this sector. Twenty-eight people were employed in the secondary sector and there were nine businesses in this sector. Sixty-four people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 11 businesses in this sector. There were 207 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 44.9% of the workforce.

there were a total of 100 full-time equivalent jobs. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 23, of which 19 were in agriculture and three were in forestry or lumber production. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 24, of which 12 were in manufacturing and 12 were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 53. In the tertiary sector 25, or 47.2%, were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, two, or 3.8% were in a hotel or restaurant, one was in the information industry, one was a technical professional or scientist, 19, or 35.8%, were in education.

, there were 57 workers who commuted into the municipality and 143 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 2.5 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. A total of 64 workers (52.9% of the 121 total workers in the municipality) both lived and worked in Diesse.

Of the working population, 4.8% used public transportation to get to work, and 69.6% used a private car.

In 2011 the average local and cantonal tax rate on a married resident of Diesse making 150,000 CHF was 13.3%, while an unmarried resident's rate was 19.5%. For comparison, the average rate for the entire canton in 2006 was 13.9%, and the nationwide rate was 11.6%. In 2009 there was a total of 186 taxpayers in the municipality. Of that total, 57 made over 75,000 CHF per year. There was one person who made between 15,000 and 20,000 per year. The average income of the over-75,000 CHF group in Diesse was 110,275 CHF, while the average across all of Switzerland was 130,478 CHF.

Religion
From the 276, or 65.9%, belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church while 58, or 13.8%, were Roman Catholic. Of the rest of the population, there was one member of an Orthodox church, and there were 30 individuals (or about 7.16% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. Forty-five (or about 10.74% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 24 individuals (or about 5.73% of the population) did not answer the question.

Education
In Diesse about 56.6% of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 17.5% have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 42 who had completed some form of tertiary schooling listed in the census, 61.9% were Swiss men, and 28.6% were Swiss women.

The Canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary, students may attend additional schooling or they may enter an apprenticeship.

During the 2011-12 school year, there was a total of 86 students attending classes in Diesse. There were two kindergarten classes with a total of 32 students in the municipality. Of the kindergarten students, 6.3% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens), and 3.1% had a different mother tongue than the classroom language. The municipality had three primary classes and 54 students. Of the primary students, 1.9% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 7.4% had a different mother tongue than the classroom language.

, there was a total of 111 students attending any school in the municipality. Of those, 34 both lived and attended school in the municipality, while 77 students came from another municipality. During the same year, 51 residents attended schools outside the municipality.

title: Diesse


text:
Talk:Clint Eastwood filmography

Directed only
Contrary to what is claimed, this list seems to only have movies Eastwood has appeared in. Directed-only films such as Bird and Mystic River are left out. Wasted Time R 16:48, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

Pre-FLC review
A quick scan; I'll get anything I miss at FLC:

 * Unlink American, common geographical terms shouldn't be linked per WP:OVERLINK.
 * "He has appeared in over sixty television shows and films"
 * "Eastwood ventured into directing in the 1970s" "ventured" leads to the inference that it was but a side job, not a focused effort, can you use a better verb (very picky, I know)?
 * "a box office revenue tracking website"-->a box-office-revenue tracking website
 * "films which Eastwood "-->films that Eastwood
 * Put em dashes in the blank cells. I forgot to mention this in the Arnold Schwarzenegger filmography FLC. Dabomb87 (talk) 22:54, 13 March 2009 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Clint Eastwood filmography. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20090112202716/http://movies.yahoo.com:80/movie/contributor/1800019744/filmography to http://movies.yahoo.com/movie/contributor/1800019744/filmography

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 05:50, 21 March 2016 (UTC)

Name credits
I agree with the recent changes that have attempted to be made. I understand the common name principle, I don't think that applies here. We're not talking about how the character should be referred to in other texts, we're talking about the credited role. The character from A Fistful of Dollars is "Joe". Joe may also be referred to as the "Man with No Name", but he's still Joe. I don't think we should start using nicknames for literary characters in the columns designated for credits. SweetTaylorJames (talk) 20:10, 14 July 2021 (UTC)
 * WP:COMMONNAME: "Some topics have multiple names ... [Wikipedia] generally prefers the name that is most commonly used (as determined by its prevalence in a significant majority of independent, reliable English-language sources)". The name "Man with No Name" is more recognizable than Joe, Manco, and Blondie. This also makes sorting names easier. Some Dude From North Carolina (talk) 20:19, 14 July 2021 (UTC)
 * I'll stand by my vote, especially given that I don't believe they're necessarily the same character, as the man with no name was an invention of the American marketplace. But until there's a majority vote in this direction, I won't make the change, I'll stick with the community vote. SweetTaylorJames (talk) 04:32, 27 July 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Clint Eastwood filmography


text:
User:Quillito

Hello, I am from Mexico City, so far I have written 5 articles:

If you want to talk to me please use my discussion page.

Thanks

title: User:Quillito


text:
Gregory Dark

Gregory Dark (born Gregory Hippolyte Brown) is an American film director, film producer, music video director, and screenwriter. Dark is an adult filmmaker who transitioned into directing Hollywood movies. He has also been credited as Alexander Hippolyte, Gregory Hippolyte, Gregory Brown, and as The Dark Brothers.

Early career
Dark began his career as a fine artist of both paintings and conceptual art and installations. After graduating with a Master of Fine Arts degree from Stanford University, he moved to New York City to pursue graduate studies in film at New York University.

From the mid-1980s through the mid-1990s, Dark directed hardcore and Rated R films. His work from this period helped create the current "alt porn" genre as well as invent the noir-romance genre of the erotic thriller. Sight & Sound the journal of the British Film Institute considered Dark's erotic thrillers groundbreaking films of the genre. In the 1980s, Dark, along with Richard Lerner and Wendy Apple, directed and produced Fallen Angels, the seminal documentary about the early Los Angeles porn scene.

Dark directed or produced more than 30 action films and erotic thrillers as head of production for Axis Films, a B movie company, from 1987 to 1995. Dark's erotic thrillers in the early 1990s such as Animal Instincts I and II, Body of Influence, and Mirror Images II featured Shannon Whirry in various stages of undress. In 1994, he directed the film Stranger by Night starring Steven Bauer.

Dark's films of this period won him accolades such as "the Steven Spielberg of the soft-core set" and "the Martin Scorsese of the erotic thriller".

Music videos
In 1996, Dark directed the music video for "Bar-X-The Rocking M" by the Melvins. In 1998, he directed the video for "Zoot Suit Riot" by Cherry Poppin' Daddies, which won the Daddies a nomination for "Best New Artist in a Video" at the 1998 MTV Video Music Awards. That same year, he directed "Fuck Dying" and "Pushin' Weight" for Ice Cube. Dark's 1998 video "What U See Is What U Get" for Xzibit remained at the top of the Charts on BET for almost a year and won a Source Award. In 1999, he directed the video for "From the Bottom of My Broken Heart" by Britney Spears. In 2000, Vitamin C's "Graduation (Friends Forever)" and Linkin Park's "One Step Closer" video, were shot in Los Angeles, sixty-three feet underground in an abandoned subway tunnel. In 2002, he directed the video for the A*Teens cover of "Can't Help Falling in Love" for the Disney feature Lilo & Stitch.

Dark directed the music video for "Undercover Funk" by Snoop Dogg featuring Bootsy Collins for the film Undercover Brother. The video featured acting performances by the film's stars Eddie Griffin, who morphs into Snoop Dogg at the beginning of the video, and dancing and lip-synching performances by Neil Patrick Harris and Denise Richards.

Major motion pictures
Dark's first major motion picture, the horror film See No Evil, was released nationwide on May 19, 2006, for WWE Films and Lions Gate Entertainment. It was directed by Dark, written by Dan Madigan, produced by Joel Simon, and starred professional wrestler Kane. See No Evil grossed almost $19 million worldwide theatrical with a budget of $8 million The movie grossed over $45 million on DVD sales and rentals.

In 2008 Dark directed the independent film Little Fish, Strange Pond, which was seen at a number of film festivals. The film starred Matthew Modine, Adam Baldwin, Callum Blue, Zach Galifianakis, Liza Weil, and Paul Adelstein and was retitled Frenemy for its December 2010 Lions Gate Entertainment DVD release. During 2009, Dark directed An Evening With Stephen Lynch, a concert film starring comedian and musician Stephen Lynch.

Selected filmography
As director – Film
 * Mirror Images (1992) (as A. Gregory Hippolyte)
 * Secret Games (1992) (as Gregory Hippolyte)
 * Night Rhythms (1992) (as A. Gregory Hippolyte)
 * Animal Instincts (1992) (as A. Gregory Hippolyte)
 * Body of Influence (1993) (as Gregory Hippolyte)
 * Sins of the Night (1993) (as Gregory Hippolyte)
 * Secret Games 2: The Escort (1993) (as Gregory Hippolyte)
 * Mirror Images 2 (1993)
 * Object of Obsession (1994) (as Gregory H. Brown)
 * Animal Instincts 2 (1994) (as Gregory Hippolyte)
 * Secret Games 3 (1994) (as Gregory Hippolyte)
 * Stranger by Night (1994) (as Gregory H. Brown)
 * Animal Instincts 3 (1996) (as Gregory Hippolyte)
 * See No Evil (2006)
 * Little Fish, Strange Pond (2009)

Awards

 * 1996 XRCO Award – Best Director
 * 1996 XRCO Hall of Fame inductee

title: Gregory Dark


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Jim Umbricht

James Umbricht (September 17, 1930 – April 8, 1964) was an American professional baseball player. A right-handed relief pitcher, he played Major League Baseball (MLB) between 1959 and 1963 for the Pittsburgh Pirates and Houston Colt .45s.

Umbricht was born in Chicago but grew up in Georgia. He started his professional career in 1953, making the majors in 1959. Over the next seasons, he alternated between teams, playing for the Pirates and that team's farm system. Umbricht was drafted by the Colt .45s in 1962, and became one of the National League's top relief pitchers.

Diagnosed with malignant melanoma in his right leg in March 1963, his comeback to baseball following surgery made national headlines and encouraged research on the disease. He spent the 1963 season as a relief pitcher, sometimes in excruciating pain. Umbricht's health deteriorated soon afterwards and he died within six months, from complications from melanoma in a Houston-area hospital at age 33. His ashes were spread over the construction site of the Astrodome, the future home of the Colt .45s. The team retired Umbricht's jersey number, 32, and wore black armbands for the 1964 season in his honor.

Early career
Umbricht was born in Chicago, and moved with his family to Atlanta in 1946. Aspiring to be a professional baseball player, Umbricht practiced every day on a field by his house and became a multi-sport star at Decatur High School in Decatur, Georgia. He attended the University of Georgia on a scholarship and played on the school's baseball and basketball teams, becoming the captain of both for his senior year. He was named to the All-Southeastern Conference first-team as a shortstop in 1951.

After graduating from Georgia, Umbricht participated in a local tryout camp for the Waycross Bears in the Class D Georgia–Florida League, a low-level minor league affiliate in the Milwaukee Braves organization. He made the team, starting his professional baseball career as a pitcher and infielder. In 1953, Umbricht pitched for the Bears in 10 games, starting in eight of them. Umbricht finished with a 4–3 win–loss record and a 2.87 earned run average.

Umbricht missed the 1954 and 1955 seasons while serving in the United States Army, but pitched for a military team at Fort Carson in Colorado. After his discharge in 1956, Umbricht played for the Baton Rouge Rebels of the Evangeline League; he had a 15–15 Win–loss record in 32 games as the team finished with a 53–70 record, and led the league with 27 complete games. He was promoted to the Topeka Hawks of the Western League in 1957, and had a 13–8 record with a 3.24 earned run average in 28 games pitched. In 1958 he played for the Atlanta Crackers of the Southern Association. He went 6–10 with a 4.06 earned run average in 55 games, mostly as a relief pitcher. Umbricht was traded to the Pittsburgh Pirates organization for Emil Panko prior to the 1959 season. The Pirates assigned Umbricht to their Triple-A affiliate, the Salt Lake City Bees in the Pacific Coast League. While with the Bees, Umbricht had a 14–8 record with a 2.78 earned run average in 47 games, mostly in relief.

Pittsburgh Pirates
On the strength of his performance for the Bees, Umbricht was promoted to the Pirates roster near the end of the 1959 season. He appeared in only one game, a 7–6 loss to the Cincinnati Reds. He pitched seven innings, giving up five earned runs while striking out three. Umbricht left the game in position for the win, as the Pirates were leading 6–5, but reliever Don Gross gave up two earned runs in the ninth inning for the blown save and the loss.

Two spots in the starting rotation were available by the time the Pirates started their 1960 season. At the beginning of spring training, Umbricht competed against fellow rookies Bennie Daniels and Joe Gibbon for a place. The Pirates began strongly in spring training, winning 11 in a row at one point. In a game against the Detroit Tigers, Umbricht combined with Daniels to throw a no-hitter. Manager Danny Murtaugh was impressed with Umbricht's pitching and expected him to become the Pirates' fifth starter (a combination of spot starter and reliever) by opening day. He won the spot and in his first start of the season against the Reds on April 17, he gave up six earned runs in 5.1 innings, getting charged with the 11–3 loss. In his next start against the Philadelphia Phillies on April 21, Umbricht had poor control, giving up three runs and walking five batters in 2.1 innings. He made a last-minute start against Los Angeles Dodgers pitcher Don Drysdale on May 25, after Pirates starting pitcher Bob Friend had a sore throat and could not play. Umbricht pitched five innings, striking out five batters, but gave up two critical second-inning home runs to Frank Howard and John Roseboro and was charged with the loss. After an off-day and a game postponed because of rain, the Pirates faced the Phillies at home on May 28. After the game went to extra innings, Umbricht pitched the 13th inning. The Pirates won in the later half of the inning, earning Umbricht his first career win.

Umbricht continued to struggle in the bullpen and was demoted alongside Daniels on June 27 to the Columbus Jets of the International League as pitchers Tom Cheney and Earl Francis were promoted to the main squad. Between June 27 and September 9, he appeared in 19 games, 15 of them starts, earning an 8–5 record, two shutouts and a 2.50 earned run average. With his strong pitching performance at Columbus, Umbricht was re-promoted to the main roster in early September to help the Pirates in their pennant race. On September 27 against the Reds, he struck out three batters in two innings in relief as the Pirates broke a team record by striking out 19 batters in a 16-inning victory. The Pirates managed to win the National League pennant, but he was not named in the final roster for the World Series, which the Pirates won in seven games. Overall during the 1960 season, Umbricht appeared in 17 games for the Pirates, compiling a 1–2 record with a 5.09 earned run average and 26 strikeouts.

He appeared in one game during the 1961 season, pitching three innings in relief during a May 5 loss against the Dodgers. He was demoted alongside outfielder Román Mejías on May 10 as the Pirates had to trim their roster from 28 players to 25 per league rules. Umbricht was sent back to Columbus, where he spent the rest of the 1961 season as a full-time starter. In 22 games, Umbricht had a 9–6 win–loss record with a 2.35 earned run average in 142 innings pitched.

Houston Colt .45s
Umbricht was selected by the Houston Colt .45s with the 35th pick in the 1961 Major League Baseball expansion draft. Umbricht had become friends with Houston's general manager Paul Richards when the two were at Waycross in 1953, and Richards selected Umbricht to give him a better chance of pitching in the majors. With the Colts, Umbricht quickly became one of the best relief pitchers in the National League. Umbricht started the season on the Colts roster, but was demoted to the Oklahoma City 89ers of the American Association to make room for veteran pitcher Don McMahon. He appeared in 23 games for the 89ers, posting a 3–4 win–loss record with a 3.39 earned run average, mostly in relief. He rejoined the Colts roster in the middle of the 1962 season as a relief specialist. He appeared in 34 games that season, earning a 4–0 win–loss record with a solid 2.01 earned run average. He struck out 55 batters while walking only 17.

Umbricht threw four pitches, a fastball, curveball, slider and the changeup. He was used primarily as a setup pitcher during his brief tenure with the Colts. According to former teammate and roommate Ken Johnson, Umbricht was used by the Colts mainly to control damage caused by starting pitchers after they were removed from games. In his five-year Major League Baseball career, Umbricht compiled a 9–5 win–loss record, with 133 strikeouts, three saves and a 3.06 earned run average in 88 games.

Cancer diagnosis and 1963 season
At the beginning of spring training for the 1963 season, Umbricht noticed a small black mole in his right leg, near the thigh while on a golf outing with Richards. Umbricht ignored the mole at first, but it grew at a rapid pace. Richards and team trainer Jim Ewell told Umbricht to have it checked by a doctor. A three-inch section of the mole was removed for testing and a doctor confirmed it was a "black mole" tumor that had spread to his groin area. Ewell said Umbricht "had the most wonderful attitude of anyone you'll ever meet". Umbricht's cancer diagnosis shocked baseball and made national headlines. On March 7, Umbricht underwent a six-hour operation using perfusion to remove the tumor from his right leg. The perfusion technique was radical at the time, entering use as a surgical procedure not long before Umbricht's surgery. After a month-long hospital stay, Umbricht and his doctors told the media that he beat the cancer, crediting "early detection and good physical condition", further stating that he "should have five or six good years left" in his baseball career. However, Umbricht learned that the doctors were unsure if the cancer surgery was a success, or even if it had been completely removed from his body. Even if it was, his chance of survival was slim at best. Upon hearing the news, Umbricht decided to keep it a secret outside his immediate family.

Umbricht wanted to return to pitch for the Colt .45s and was in uniform by opening day. Manager Harry Craft added Umbricht to the Colts' active list prior to a May 9 game against Cincinnati, telling the Associated Press that the player was "anxious to get back to pitching". He appeared in the sixth inning in a 13–3 loss, giving up four runs, including a home run to Frank Robinson in one inning of work. After the game, Umbricht said he felt "real good" despite the poor performance. The surgery took a toll on his leg: he required over 100 stitches, and blood seeped from the wound while he pitched at times. That year Umbricht posted a 4–3 win–loss record and a 2.61 earned run average in 35 games. He played his last game on September 29, 1963, the final day of the regular season, and picked up the win in relief. By that time, Umbricht's cancer had started to spread throughout his body and he needed to be sedated at times because of the pain. In November, Umbricht learned that the cancer spread to his chest area and was incurable. He was released from his contract on December 16 due to his deteriorating health. The National League allowed the Colts to sign Umbricht to a scout contract given the circumstances, with the proviso that it would become a player contract if he rejoined the active roster.

Final months and death
By early 1964, Umbricht was constantly in and out of hospital for further treatment, but was only given a few months to live. When he was not hospitalized, Umbricht played golf and attended baseball dinners in his honor, often for a "most courageous athlete" award ceremony. Umbricht did not travel to Cocoa Beach for the Colts' spring training camp in late February. He returned to the hospital permanently on March 16, where his health steadily declined after a third operation. During his final hospital stay, the Colts' management, his family and the hospital staff agreed not to release any further details about his illness, though word had leaked that he was dying. He remained optimistic that he would beat the illness until his final days, stating that "everything will be ok" in an interview with United Press International sports editor Milton Richman. Umbricht succumbed to the disease on April 8, 1964. Umbricht's death came on the eve of the Colts' 1964 season, and at his funeral, Manager Harry Craft, coach Lum Harris, and teammates Bob Lillis, Ken Johnson, Dick Farrell, and Russ Kemmerer were the six pallbearers. Kemmerer, who in the off-season was a Methodist preacher, gave the eulogy during the service, and Umbricht's body was cremated. Construction of the Astrodome, the Colts' future ballpark, had begun a few weeks before Umbricht's death. His family decided to spread his ashes on its grounds, so the new ballpark "could be his headstone". After the funeral service, Umbricht's brother Ed flew a plane over the construction site and scattered his ashes.

Aftermath and legacy
The day after Umbricht's death, the Colts decided to honor their teammate by wearing black armbands for the entire 1964 season. Umbricht's uniform number (32) was immediately retired by the team; it was the first time the club retired a uniform number, and only the twelfth time in Major League history a number was retired. In the Colts' opening-day match against the Cincinnati Reds, starting pitcher Ken Johnson dedicated his victory in Umbricht's memory. The Astros' MVP award was also named in his honor. The back of Umbricht's 1964 Topps baseball card was updated to mention his death shortly before printing. The retirement of Umbricht's number received some criticism, however. Former teammate Jimmy Wynn wrote in his autobiography that Walt Bond, a former Astros player who was African-American, died from leukemia while he was still active. His jersey number was not retired by the club after his death, although he appeared in more games for the Astros than Umbricht. (It should be noted, however, that Bond ended his career not with Houston but as a member of the Minnesota Twins.) Journalists criticizing the retirement of numbers sometimes use Umbricht as an example of someone whose number was retired but who is unfamiliar to baseball fans.

Umbricht's death from melanoma helped alert the general public about the disease. Former Los Angeles Rams linebacker Jack Pardee credited Umbricht's battle with melanoma for saving his life in 1965. Pardee, a Pro Bowl linebacker, had been ignoring a mole on his armpit. After hearing of Umbricht's battle with cancer, and that his mole was similar to Umbricht's, he went to the team doctor, who diagnosed him with melanoma. Although Pardee's melanoma had also spread throughout his body, he made a complete recovery.

title: Jim Umbricht


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Lamboing

Lamboing is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland, located in the French-speaking Bernese Jura (Jura Bernois).

The proposed merger of the municipalities of Diesse, Lamboing, Nods and Prêles into the new municipality of Le Plateau de Diesse was rejected by voters. However, on 1 January 2014 the former municipalities of Lamboing, Diesse and Prêles merged into the new municipality of Plateau de Diesse.

History
Lamboing is first mentioned in 1179 as Lamboens though this document is thought to be a forgery from the late 12th Century. In 1235 it was mentioned as Lamboens.

The noble de Lamboing family was first mentioned in a document from 1255. But very little is known about this family. In 1423 the de Vaumarcus family were given the village as a fief, which they held until 1509. In that year the village was acquired by the Prince-Bishopric of Basel who ruled over the village for almost three centuries. After the 1798 French invasion, Lamboing became part of the French Département of Mont-Terrible. Three years later, in 1800 it became part of the Département of Haut-Rhin. After Napoleon's defeat and the Congress of Vienna, Lamboing was assigned to the Canton of Bern in 1815. A village school house was built in 1863. During the late 19th century a watchmaker's workshop opened in the village. It was acquired by the Ebauches SA company in 1926 and continued making components for watches until 1981. Beginning in the 1970s the village's population began to grow as commuters settled in Lamboing.

It has always been part of the parish of Diesse. When Diesse converted to the new faith of the Protestant Reformation between 1530 and 1554, Lamboing converted as well.

Geography
Before the merger, Lamboing had a total area of 9.1 km2. As of 2012, a total of 3.56 km2 or 39.1% is used for agricultural purposes, while 4.93 km2 or 54.1% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 0.61 km2 or 6.7% is settled (buildings or roads).

During the same year, housing and buildings made up 3.2% and transportation infrastructure made up 2.9%. Out of the forested land, 50.5% of the total land area is heavily forested and 3.6% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 19.3% is used for growing crops and 9.9% is pastures and 9.1% is used for alpine pastures.

The former municipality is located on the Plateau de Diesse. It consists of the village of Lamboing and the hamlets of Les Moulins, Derrière-la-Chaux and Magglingen.

On 31 December 2009 District de la Neuveville, the municipality's former district, was dissolved. On the following day, 1 January 2010, it joined the newly created Arrondissement administratif Jura bernois.

Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Azure a Chevron embowed between three Crosses Couped Argent and a Mount of 3 Coupeaux of the same.

Demographics
Lamboing had a population (as of 2011) of 680. , 5.8% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2001-2011) the population has changed at a rate of 0.9%. Migration accounted for 0.4%, while births and deaths accounted for 0.4%.

Most of the population speaks French (545 or 84.2%) as their first language, German is the second most common (80 or 12.4%) and Portuguese is the third (6 or 0.9%). There are 4 people who speak Italian and 2 people who speak Romansh.

, the population was 49.7% male and 50.3% female. The population was made up of 320 Swiss men (47.5% of the population) and 15 (2.2%) non-Swiss men. There were 315 Swiss women (46.7%) and 24 (3.6%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 226 or about 34.9% were born in Lamboing and lived there in 2000. There were 208 or 32.1% who were born in the same canton, while 145 or 22.4% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 48 or 7.4% were born outside of Switzerland.

, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 21.6% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 60.4% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 17.9%.

, there were 260 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 327 married individuals, 34 widows or widowers and 26 individuals who are divorced.

, there were 88 households that consist of only one person and 17 households with five or more people. , a total of 251 apartments (76.3% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 66 apartments (20.1%) were seasonally occupied and 12 apartments (3.6%) were empty. , the construction rate of new housing units was 1.5 new units per 1000 residents.

The historical population is given in the following chart:

Politics
In the 2011 federal election the most popular party was the Social Democratic Party (SP) which received 26.4% of the vote. The next two most popular parties were the Swiss People's Party (SVP) (26.2%), and the FDP.The Liberals (15.5%). In the federal election, a total of 193 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 37.0%.

Economy
, Lamboing had an unemployment rate of 2.2%. , there were a total of 109 people employed in the municipality. Of these, there were 31 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 12 businesses involved in this sector. 26 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 6 businesses in this sector. 52 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 13 businesses in this sector. There were 335 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 43.3% of the workforce.

there were a total of 86 full-time equivalent jobs. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 21, of which 19 were in agriculture and 2 were in forestry or lumber production. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 23 of which 9 or (39.1%) were in manufacturing and 14 (60.9%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 42. In the tertiary sector; 22 or 52.4% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 8 or 19.0% were in the movement and storage of goods, 6 or 14.3% were in a hotel or restaurant, and 3 or 7.1% were technical professionals or scientists.

, there were 42 workers who commuted into the municipality and 246 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 5.9 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. A total of 89 workers (67.9% of the 131 total workers in the municipality) both lived and worked in Lamboing. Of the working population, 4.8% used public transportation to get to work, and 71.9% used a private car.

In 2011 the average local and cantonal tax rate on a married resident of Lamboing making 150,000 CHF was 13.3%, while an unmarried resident's rate was 19.5%. For comparison, the average rate for the entire canton in 2006 was 13.9% and the nationwide rate was 11.6%. In 2009 there were a total of 294 tax payers in the municipality. Of that total, 93 made over 75 thousand CHF per year. There were 4 people who made between 15 and 20 thousand per year. The greatest number of workers, 99, made between 50 and 75 thousand CHF per year. The average income of the over 75,000 CHF group in Lamboing was 110,018 CHF, while the average across all of Switzerland was 130,478 CHF.

Religion
From the, 394 or 60.9% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church, while 121 or 18.7% were Roman Catholic. Of the rest of the population, there were 2 members of an Orthodox church (or about 0.31% of the population), there was 1 individual who belongs to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 18 individuals (or about 2.78% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 2 (or about 0.31% of the population) who were Islamic. 87 (or about 13.45% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 31 individuals (or about 4.79% of the population) did not answer the question.

Education
In Lamboing about 55.7% of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 14.6% have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 58 who had completed some form of tertiary schooling listed in the census, 69.0% were Swiss men, 22.4% were Swiss women.

The Canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend additional schooling or they may enter an apprenticeship.

During the 2011-12 school year, there were a total of 62 students attending classes in Lamboing. There was one kindergarten class with a total of 24 students in the municipality. Of the kindergarten students, 4.2% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 4.2% have a different mother language than the classroom language. The municipality had 3 primary classes and 38 students. Of the primary students, 7.9% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 7.9% have a different mother language than the classroom language.

, there were a total of 64 students attending any school in the municipality. Of those, 29 both lived and attended school in the municipality while 35 students came from another municipality. During the same year, 92 residents attended schools outside the municipality.

title: Lamboing


text: User talk:82.81.94.224

title: User talk:82.81.94.224


text:
Aeronian

In the geologic timescale, the Aeronian is an age of the Llandovery Epoch of the Silurian Period of the Paleozoic Era of the Phanerozoic Eon that began 440.8 ± 1.2 Ma and ended 438.5 ± 1.1 Ma (million years ago). The Aeronian Age succeeds the Rhuddanian Age and precedes the Telychian Age, all in the same epoch.

During the Aeronian the Sedgwickii Event occurred in which graptolite diversity was greatly reduced. This event has been attested in locations such as today's Canada, Libya as well as in La Chilca Formation in Argentina (then part of Gondwana).

GSSP
The GSSP is located in the Trefawr Track section, 500m north of Cwm-coed-Aeron Farm, Wales, UK. The GSSP lies within the gently-dipping blocky mudstones of the Trefawr Formation, which principally yield abundant and diverse shelly faunas, but also contain enough graptolites to allow recognition of several biozones.

title: Aeronian


text:
Nods, Switzerland

Nods is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland, located in the French-speaking Bernese Jura (Jura Bernois).

History
Nods is first mentioned in 1255 as Nos. The municipality was formerly known by its German name Nos, however, that name is no longer used.

The noble de Nods family first appears in the historical record in the 13th century and vanishes again in the 15th century. The village was located along the border between several competing powers. During the 13th century it was owned by the Counts of Neuchâtel, then by the city of Bern and then by the Bishop of Basel. It then remained under the authority of the Prince-Bishop for centuries. During the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century, preachers of the new faith came to convert Nods. However, they encountered serious resistance from the villagers. The village was finally converted after Bern forced the villagers to adopt the new faith. Those families that wished to remain Catholic were forced to move to Le Landeron and Cressier in Neuchâtel. Both before and after the Reformation, Nods was part of the parish of Diesse, until 1708 when it became an independent parish.

After the 1797 French victory and the Treaty of Campo Formio, nods became part of the French Département of Mont-Terrible. Three years later, in 1800 it became part of the Département of Haut-Rhin. After Napoleon's defeat and the Congress of Vienna, it was assigned to the Canton of Bern in 1815. Initially part of the District of Erlach, in 1846 it transferred to the La Neuveville District.

The village church was built in 1639. The current building was built on the same site in 1835.

The village economy was traditionally based on agriculture, animal husbandry and cheese production. Beginning in 1963 a chair lift to the Chasseral peak provided a small tourism industry until it closed in 1993. In the 1970s a small machine shop provided about ten industrial jobs in the village. The new development of Bois-Châtel was built in the 1980s.

Geography
Nods has an area of. , a total of 11.99 km2 or 45.0% is used for agricultural purposes, while 13.75 km2 or 51.6% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 0.8 km2 or 3.0% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.01 km2 or 0.0% is either rivers or lakes and 0.08 km2 or 0.3% is unproductive land.

During the same year, housing and buildings made up 1.4% and transportation infrastructure made up 1.4%. Out of the forested land, 47.4% of the total land area is heavily forested and 4.3% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 15.9% is used for growing crops and 11.6% is pastures and 17.4% is used for alpine pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water.

The municipality is located on the Plateau de Diesse at the foot of the Chasseral peak. It consists of the village of Nods and the hamlets of Les Combes and La Praye.

On 31 December 2009 District de la Neuveville, the municipality's former district, was dissolved. On the following day, 1 January 2010, it joined the newly created Arrondissement administratif Jura bernois.

Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Or a Ploughshare Sable between two Plough-knives of the same all with points to the base.

Demographics
Nods has a population of. , 6.2% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2001-2011) the population has changed at a rate of -1.6%. Migration accounted for -0.9%, while births and deaths accounted for -0.4%.

Most of the population speaks French (568 or 85.0%) as their first language, German is the second most common (82 or 12.3%) and Portuguese is the third (7 or 1.0%). There are 3 people who speak Italian.

, the population was 53.1% male and 46.9% female. The population was made up of 368 Swiss men (49.3% of the population) and 28 (3.8%) non-Swiss men. There were 332 Swiss women (44.5%) and 18 (2.4%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 247 or about 37.0% were born in Nods and lived there in 2000. There were 208 or 31.1% who were born in the same canton, while 135 or 20.2% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 55 or 8.2% were born outside of Switzerland.

, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 26.3% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 57.4% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 16.3%.

, there were 272 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 320 married individuals, 29 widows or widowers and 47 individuals who are divorced.

, there were 87 households that consist of only one person and 31 households with five or more people. , a total of 256 apartments (74.9% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 66 apartments (19.3%) were seasonally occupied and 20 apartments (5.8%) were empty. , the construction rate of new housing units was 1.3 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality,, was 0.51%.

The historical population is given in the following chart:

Sights
The entire village of Nods is designated as part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites.

Politics
In the 2011 federal election the most popular party was the Swiss People's Party (SVP) which received 28.9% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the Social Democratic Party (SP) (23.6%), the FDP.The Liberals (13.9%) and the Green Party (8.9%). In the federal election, a total of 190 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 36.0%.

Economy
, Nods had an unemployment rate of 1.96%. , there were a total of 140 people employed in the municipality. Of these, there were 58 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 25 businesses involved in this sector. 35 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 7 businesses in this sector. 47 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 17 businesses in this sector. There were 338 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 43.2% of the workforce.

there were a total of 111 full-time equivalent jobs. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 42, of which 39 were in agriculture and 3 were in forestry or lumber production. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 29 of which 24 or (82.8%) were in manufacturing and 5 (17.2%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 40. In the tertiary sector; 8 or 20.0% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 7 or 17.5% were in the movement and storage of goods, 12 or 30.0% were in a hotel or restaurant, 1 was the insurance or financial industry, 3 or 7.5% were technical professionals or scientists, 2 or 5.0% were in education.

, there were 27 workers who commuted into the municipality and 222 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 8.2 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. A total of 116 workers (81.1% of the 143 total workers in the municipality) both lived and worked in Nods. Of the working population, 4.4% used public transportation to get to work, and 68.6% used a private car.

In 2011 the average local and cantonal tax rate on a married resident of Nods making 150,000 CHF was 12.5%, while an unmarried resident's rate was 18.3%. For comparison, the average rate for the entire canton in 2006 was 13.9% and the nationwide rate was 11.6%. In 2009 there were a total of 317 tax payers in the municipality. Of that total, 123 made over 75 thousand CHF per year. There were 4 people who made between 15 and 20 thousand per year. The average income of the over 75,000 CHF group in Nods was 113,503 CHF, while the average across all of Switzerland was 130,478 CHF.

Religion
From the, 448 or 67.1% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church, while 77 or 11.5% were Roman Catholic. Of the rest of the population, there were 2 members of an Orthodox church (or about 0.30% of the population), and there were 20 individuals (or about 2.99% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There was 1 individual who was Islamic. 106 (or about 15.87% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 24 individuals (or about 3.59% of the population) did not answer the question.

Education
In Nods about 54.2% of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 19.1% have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 77 who had completed some form of tertiary schooling listed in the census, 63.6% were Swiss men, 31.2% were Swiss women.

The Canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend additional schooling or they may enter an apprenticeship.

During the 2011-12 school year, there were a total of 62 students attending classes in Nods. There were no kindergarten classes in the municipality. The municipality had 3 primary classes and 62 students. Of the primary students, 1.6% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 16.1% have a different mother language than the classroom language.

, there were a total of 67 students attending any school in the municipality. Of those, 21 both lived and attended school in the municipality, while 46 students came from another municipality. During the same year, 92 residents attended schools outside the municipality.

title: Nods, Switzerland


text:
Anita Colby

Anita Colby (born Anita Counihan; August 5, 1914 – March 27, 1992) was an American model, actress, and business consultant.

Biography
Colby was born Anita Counihan, the daughter of Margaret Anne McCarthy and the cartoonist Daniel Francis "Bud" Counihan, a legendary figure among New York City artists and newsmen, in Washington, D.C. Her younger sister Francine Counihan was a model. Early in Colby's career, at $50 an hour, she was the highest paid model at the time. She was nicknamed "The Face" and appeared on numerous billboards and ads, many of them for cigarette advertisers.

She moved to Hollywood from New York in 1935 and changed her name to Colby. She had a bit part in Mary of Scotland (1936) and other B movies, but her acting career never took off. After two years, she returned to New York and became an ad salesperson for Harper's Bazaar. She made her name in Hollywood almost 10 years after leaving films when she worked on a nationwide advertising campaign for the film Cover Girl (1944), in which she also appeared with her sister Francine Counihan. She began acting in films again in the 1940s, including Brute Force (1947).

Colby was hired by David O. Selznick in the 1940s to teach contract actresses, such as Jennifer Jones, about beauty, poise, and publicity. Her job title at his production company, Selznick International Pictures, was "Feminine Director". She worked closely with Selznick's top actresses, such as Jennifer Jones, Ingrid Bergman, Shirley Temple, Dorothy McGuire, and Joan Fontaine. She wrote Anita Colby's Beauty Book in 1952. Colby later hosted the television program The Pepsi-Cola Playhouse in 1954. The same year, she received a patent for a chair convertible into an inclined bed (, filed in 1952). She was a devout Catholic.

Colby died of lung disease at her home in Oyster Bay, Long Island, on March 27, 1992, aged 77.

Filmography

 * The Christophers (1 episode, 1963)
 * The Pepsi-Cola Playhouse (1954) as Host
 * Brute Force (1947) as Flossie
 * Cover Girl (1944) as Miss Colby
 * China Passage (1937, uncredited) as the Nurse
 * Walking on Air (1936) as Ex-Mrs. Fred Randolph
 * Mary of Scotland (1936) as Mary Fleming
 * The Bride Walks Out (1936, uncredited) as Saleslady

title: Anita Colby


text:
Prêles

Prêles (German name: Prägelz) is a former municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland, located in the French-speaking Bernese Jura (Jura Bernois).

The proposed merger of the municipalities of Diesse, Lamboing, Nods and Prêles into the new municipality of Le Plateau de Diesse was rejected by voters. However, on 1 January 2014 the former municipalities of Prêles, Diesse and Lamboing merged into the new municipality of Plateau de Diesse.

History
Prêles is first mentioned in 1179 as Prales though this document is believed to be a 12th-century forgery. In 1185 it was mentioned as Preles and it used to be known by its German name Prägelz.

Beginning in the 12th century the noble de Perls family first appears in records. The family existed for several centuries before vanishing from records in the 15th century. Throughout its history the village was part of the Herrschaft of Tessenberg (Diesse). The major landowners in the village included the collegiate church of Saint-Imier and Erlach Abbey. It was part of the parish of Diesse and accepted the Protestant Reformation along with the rest of the parish between 1530 and 1554.

After the 1798 French invasion, Prêles became part of the French Département of Mont-Terrible. Three years later, in 1800 it became part of the Département of Haut-Rhin. After Napoleon's defeat and the Congress of Vienna, Prêles was assigned to the Canton of Bern in 1815. Initially it was part of the District of Erlach but in 1846 it became part of the La Neuveville District.

The construction of a cable railway between Ligerz and Prêles in 1912 turned it into a minor tourist destination. Until the 1950s agriculture was the most important industry in the village. Today many residents commute to jobs in Biel or La Neuveville. In the past decades a number of new houses were built for the growing commuter population.

Geography
Before the merger, Prêles had a total area of 7.0 km2. As of 2012, a total of 4.37 km2 or 62.8% is used for agricultural purposes, while 1.89 km2 or 27.2% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 0.73 km2 or 10.5% is settled (buildings or roads) and 0.02 km2 or 0.3% is unproductive land.

During the same year, housing and buildings made up 6.0% and transportation infrastructure made up 2.7%. while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 1.6%. Out of the forested land, 23.1% of the total land area is heavily forested and 4.0% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 37.4% is used for growing crops and 23.1% is pastures and 1.7% is used for alpine pastures.

The former municipality is located on the Plateau de Diesse. It consists of the village of Prêles and the hamlet of Châtillon.

On 31 December 2009 District de la Neuveville, the municipality's former district, was dissolved. On the following day, 1 January 2010, it joined the newly created Arrondissement administratif Jura bernois.

Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Or a Cauldron Sable. The cauldron refers to the local pitch industry which has largely vanished.

Demographics
Prêles had a population (as of 2011) of 908. , 8.8% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2001-2011) the population has changed at a rate of 0.1%. Migration accounted for 0.1%, while births and deaths accounted for 0.6%.

Most of the population speaks French (580 or 65.5%) as their first language, German is the second most common (270 or 30.5%) and Italian is the third (8 or 0.9%).

, the population was 49.6% male and 50.4% female. The population was made up of 409 Swiss men (45.1% of the population) and 41 (4.5%) non-Swiss men. There were 418 Swiss women (46.1%) and 39 (4.3%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 214 or about 24.2% were born in Prêles and lived there in 2000. There were 317 or 35.8% who were born in the same canton, while 219 or 24.7% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 104 or 11.7% were born outside of Switzerland.

, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 22.2% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 56.8% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 20.9%.

, there were 359 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 440 married individuals, 50 widows or widowers and 37 individuals who are divorced.

, there were 85 households that consist of only one person and 24 households with five or more people. , a total of 320 apartments (80.8% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 58 apartments (14.6%) were seasonally occupied and 18 apartments (4.5%) were empty. , the construction rate of new housing units was 7.7 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality,, was 1.35%.

The historical population is given in the following chart:

Politics
In the 2011 federal election the most popular party was the Social Democratic Party (SP) which received 27% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the Swiss People's Party (SVP) (23.7%), the Green Party (14.3%) and the FDP.The Liberals (11.6%). In the federal election, a total of 268 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 39.4%.

Economy
, Prêles had an unemployment rate of 1.67%. , there were a total of 242 people employed in the municipality. Of these, there were 43 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 9 businesses involved in this sector. 30 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 3 businesses in this sector. 169 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 22 businesses in this sector. There were 415 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 38.6% of the workforce.

there were a total of 176 full-time equivalent jobs. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 21, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 29 of which 19 or (65.5%) were in manufacturing and 10 (34.5%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 126. In the tertiary sector; 5 or 4.0% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 3 or 2.4% were in the movement and storage of goods, 8 or 6.3% were in a hotel or restaurant, 12 or 9.5% were technical professionals or scientists, and 6 or 4.8% were in health care.

, there were 92 workers who commuted into the municipality and 285 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 3.1 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. A total of 130 workers (58.6% of the 222 total workers in the municipality) both lived and worked in Prêles.

Of the working population, 6.3% used public transportation to get to work, and 73.3% used a private car.

In 2011 the average local and cantonal tax rate on a married resident of Prêles making 150,000 CHF was 13%, while an unmarried resident's rate was 19.2%. For comparison, the average rate for the entire canton in 2006 was 13.9% and the nationwide rate was 11.6%. In 2009 there were a total of 362 tax payers in the municipality. Of that total, 143 made over 75 thousand CHF per year. There was one person who made between 15 and 20 thousand per year. The average income of the over 75,000 CHF group in Prêles was 120,221 CHF, while the average across all of Switzerland was 130,478 CHF.

Vinifuni Ligerz–Prêles, a funicular, links to Ligerz railway station.

Religion
From the, 509 or 57.4% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church, while 159 or 17.9% were Roman Catholic. Of the rest of the population, there were 5 members of an Orthodox church (or about 0.56% of the population), and there were 97 individuals (or about 10.95% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 11 (or about 1.24% of the population) who were Islamic. There was 1 person who was Hindu. 117 (or about 13.21% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 35 individuals (or about 3.95% of the population) did not answer the question.

Education
In Prêles about 51% of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 28.3% have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 149 who had completed some form of tertiary schooling listed in the census, 69.8% were Swiss men, 26.2% were Swiss women.

The Canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend additional schooling or they may enter an apprenticeship.

During the 2011-12 school year, there were a total of 30 students attending classes in Prêles. There were no kindergarten classes in the municipality. The municipality had 2 primary classes and 30 students. Of the primary students, 10.0% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 6.7% have a different mother language than the classroom language.

, there were a total of 58 students attending any school in the municipality. Of those, 41 both lived and attended school in the municipality, while 17 students came from another municipality. During the same year, 128 residents attended schools outside the municipality.

title: Prêles


text:
Khorrami

Khorrami (, also Romanized as Khorramī; also known as Khurami) is a village in Arabkhaneh Rural District, Shusef District, Nehbandan County, South Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 53, in 18 families.

title: Khorrami


text:
User talk:Sairjohn~enwiki

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Questions, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Johntex 16:50, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
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 * Manual of Style

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title: User talk:Sairjohn~enwiki


text:
User:Captain Cornflake

I do web programming. Here's a list of links about me:

 * Zangaroa Web Development
 * Personal Blog
 * Facebook
 * Twitter
 * last.fm

I'm capncornflake on both AIM and Skype, and I hang out in #vgrc on irc.zangaroa.com

title: User:Captain Cornflake


text:
Uapaca

Uapaca is a genus of plant, in the family Phyllanthaceae first described as a genus in 1858. It is the only genus comprised in the tribe Uapaceae. The genus is native to Africa and Madagascar. Uapaca is dioecious, with male and female flowers on separate plants.

• # Uapaca acuminata - Nigeria, C Africa
 * species

• # Uapaca ambanjensis - NW Madagascar

• # Uapaca amplifolia - NW Madagascar

• # Uapaca benguelensis - Zaïre, Angola

• # Uapaca bojeri - Madagascar

• # Uapaca densifolia - Madagascar

• # Uapaca ferruginea - Madagascar

• # Uapaca gossweileri - Zaïre, Angola

• # Uapaca guineensis - W + C Africa

• # Uapaca heudelotii - W + C Africa

• # Uapaca katentaniensis - Katanga

• # Uapaca kirkiana - E + C + S Africa

• # Uapaca lissopyrena - C + S Africa

• # Uapaca littoralis - E Madagascar

• # Uapaca louvelii - E Madagascar

• # Uapaca mole - W + C Africa

• # Uapaca niangadoumae - Gabon

• # Uapaca nitida - E + C + S Africa

• # Uapaca pilosa - E + C Africa

• # Uapaca pynaertii - W + C Africa

• # Uapaca robynsii - Katanga, Zambia, Malawi

• # Uapaca rufopilosa - Zaïre, Angola, Zambia

• # Uapaca sansibarica - E + C + S Africa

• # Uapaca staudtii - Nigeria, C Africa

• # Uapaca thouarsii - E Madagascar

• # Uapaca togoensis - W + C Africa

• # Uapaca vanhouttei - Nigeria, C Africa

moved Drypetes
 * formerly included
 * Uapaca griffithii - Drypetes riseleyi

title: Uapaca


text:
Shayegan

Shayegan may refer to:

Place

 * Shayegan, Iran, a village in Kermanshah Province, Iran

People

 * Ali Shayegan (1903–1981), Iranian politician

 * Dariush Shayegan (1935–2018), Iranian thinker

title: Shayegan