text:
Talk:Panchen Lama

NPOV, Redux
I've removed the NPOV tag from the article since there is no ongoing discussion, and, presumably then, no conflict. If editors have objections to the neutrality of this article, please revert my change and list your grievances here. --Gimme danger (talk) 15:29, 9 October 2008 (UTC)

No POV fine, but there is an explanation for what happened - Chinese hijacked the Panchen Lama because he is the key in recognizing next Dalai Lama. They committed a crime by all standards in order to prevent Dalai Lama from reincarnating in a traditional way. There are sources that explains this, for example John Oliver and many more. There is no ambiguity among decent people what happened. Freetibet1 (talk) 08:25, 12 March 2017 (UTC)

Chinese POV incorporation
There's a series of articles given in external links detailing the PRC view of the Panchen Lama lineage. These articles should be incorporated through inline citation in this and related articles. (This is partly a note to myself that this needs to be done, and partly a call to action for other editors. I'll get to it eventually, but it would be fabulous if someone else could take this up in the meantime.) --Gimme danger (talk) 01:06, 30 October 2008 (UTC)

Chinese are crooks, they kidnapped a boy in order to hijack Dalai Lama - Panchen Lapa mutual connection. They installed their stupid commie puppet who knows as much about enlightenment as a rat about Linux. They use Buddhism to put Tibet on its knees. They build big stupid empty monasteries in Tibet and Nepal, put dumb lamas there who preach idiocy there. That's worse than what USSR was doing with the church. Tibetan Buddhism is a live tool for enlightenment and those morons are blocking people from knowledge. Freetibet1 (talk) 08:19, 12 March 2017 (UTC)

Names of the articles on the Panchen Lamas
After a recent discussion at Talk:14th Dalai Lama, all of the articles on the individual Dalai Lamas were moved from the format "Personal Name, Xth Dalai Lama" to simply "Xth Dalai Lama". I think this is the right format. When referring to a Dalai Lama in English, if it's necessary to differentiate between more than one of them, I think that "Xth Dalai Lama" is much more common than using the personal name. I would suggest following the same pattern for the Panchen Lamas, whose articles currently all are titled simply by the personal name. So, Choekyi Gyaltsen would move to 10th Panchen Lama. I think we should make an exception for Khedrup Je, who is better known by that name. Also, it would not be possible to have an article titled 11th Panchen Lama, since the controversy over his identity is ongoing. Any ideas?—Nat Krause(Talk!·What have I done?) 01:56, 18 December 2008 (UTC)
 * As long as the lamas are all consistent, I am fine with moving. Gryffindor (talk) 08:04, 2 February 2009 (UTC)

Hierarchy of Tibetan Buddhism
I have some concerns about the "Hierarchy of Tibetan Buddhism" section, which was added to several articles. Please see my comments at Talk:Tibetan Buddhism.—Nat Krause(Talk!·What have I done?) 01:08, 4 January 2009 (UTC)

Dalai chooses next Panchen and vice versa?
Is there any neutral reference like the official rules from Qing Dynasty's history record but from neither PRC or Tibet government in exile? Besides, the "www.tibet.org" only provides history before Qianlong and the use of Golden Urn. I went through 欽定藏內善後章程. It only states that

達賴喇嘛和班禪額爾德尼像父子一樣，認定他們的靈童時，亦須將他們的名字用滿漢藏三種文字寫在籤牌上，同樣進行

It said Dalai and Panchen were like father and son, but not like who gets to choose the next of the other.--Tricia Takanawa (talk) 20:48, 17 January 2009 (UTC)

I'd like to reiterate the request for a neutral reference supporting this claim. I do not know well the history of the political situation in Tibet, but, looking at the Dalai Lama as a religious leader, I cannot possibly see how the PRC's candidate for Panchen Lama could warrant even a shred of consideration.

It also seems like it wouldn't matter even if the PRC had a political claim, as (1) few dispute the Dalai Lama as the religious leader and his necessary role in the choice, (2) he had already chosen a Panchen Lama prior to PRC, and (3) there no longer exists an emperor of China. So, regardless of whether there is text supporting his sole right to chose the Panchen Lama, it seems clear that any choice made by PRC is not consistent with any tradition.

I consider myself rather neutral on the issue, but, so far, all the evidence points to puppeteering of the PRC. I realize this is not a discussion board, but if there is any rationale (not already listed in the article) that contradicts the above conclusion, please provide it here. 108.202.193.145 (talk) 13:27, 20 June 2013 (UTC)

Conflict should be in the introduction
I believe the conflict between the Dalai Lama-run organization and the Chinese authorities is central enough to warrant a mention in the intro section. __meco (talk) 08:18, 2 February 2009 (UTC)

List of Panchen Lamas
There seems to be a discrepency in the list of Panchen Lamas concerning who is the "first" Panchen Lama. The Dalai Lama, the NKT, and the FPMT all list Lobsang Chökyi Gyalsten as the First Panchen Lama, not the Fourth. I inquired about this and it was explained to me that the posthumous naming convention currently used in the article is the Chinese naming convention, not the Tibetan. At minimum, both naming conventions should be listed in the table and an explanation for the difference given. Any thoughts? Emptymountains (talk) 11:35, 31 August 2009 (UTC)

Tashi Lama?
Is this the same position described in Sven Hedin's My Life as an Explorer as the Tashi Lama? The Tashi Lama whom Hedin met also lived in Shigatse. If so, it should be included in the introduction that this is another term (maybe outmoded?) Parsecboy (talk) 20:46, 16 April 2010 (UTC)

 * Yes, older English sources often refer to the Panchen Lama as Tashi Lama. Actually, I often wonder how "official" or "correct" names like "Panchen Lama" or "Dalai Lama" are. It is well known that Tibetans rarely refer to the Dalai Lama as Dalai Lama when they are speaking Tibetan, instead using various epithets such as Kundün or Ghongsa Chog. I don't know what term Tibetans most commonly use for the Panchen Lama. There are English variants such as "Panchen Rinpoche" (used by Tsering Shakya) and "Panchen Erdeni" (especially in Chinese sources, since it emphasises ties to the Qing). In any event, "Panchen Lama" is the English standard right now.—Greg Pandatshang (talk) 00:41, 17 April 2010 (UTC)

 * The panchem lama is referred to as Teshoo Lama here.Rajmaan (talk) 04:23, 12 December 2012 (UTC)

Panchen Erdeni
This guy is usually called Panchen Erdeni by Chinese, a title given by Kangxi Emperor. Erdeni is a Manchu word.--刻意(Kèyì) 01:43, 18 January 2011 (UTC)

RfC on Panchen Lama of Tibet and Panchen Lama of PRC templates
Panchen Lama is the highest ranking Lama in Tibetan Buddhism after the Dalai Lama. The current 14th Dalai Lama has appointed Gedhun Choekyi Nyima as the new Panchen Lama in a Chinese-occupied Tibet. The middle-man in the Chinese-occupied Tibet who assisted Dalai Lama in appointing Panchen Lama was immediately arrested and charged with treason, and the newly appointed Panchen Lama went missing at the age of six. One year later, the Chinese government unilaterally selected a Panchen Lama for themselves, who is Gyaincain Norbu. The dispute here is whether Panchen Lama appointed by the PRC should be among the traditional line of Panchen Lamas in a template. The article current has two templates, one for the traditional Panchen Lamas, and another one for Panchen Lamas appointed by PRC. Any input is welcome, thank you. Cydevil38 (talk) 02:36, 28 June 2013 (UTC)

 * Comment The naming of religious leaders is usually reserved for the religious organization so it seems that the Chinese government appointments shouldn't be listed. If they are, I suggest that the comment "(disputed)" should be included for those appointed by the Chinese government. FurrySings (talk) 05:53, 28 June 2013 (UTC)

 * Comment The connections between the state and institutional religion in Tibet have always been strong, which is really the rule rather than the exception throughout the world. I think it would be a serious POV problem for Wikipedia to simply declare that the government’s interference in the selection of Gyaincain Norbu makes it illegitimate. Gyaincain Norbu certainly does not present himself as the first of new lineage of “PRC Panchen Lamas”. We are simply not in a position to know which Panchen Lama candidate is seen as more legitimate by Tibetan Buddhists, and whether the less popular candidate is supported by a large minority or only a fringe element. That being the case, the best we can do is to describe the controversy and treat neither as more legitimate than the other.—Greg Pandatshang (talk) 16:32, 28 June 2013 (UTC)

 * Comment This is easy: document the controversy and do not exclude or give weight to supposing or opposing opinions. It isn't so simple to say that military forces may not influence or control religious governments, because they have and they do. The Sunni/Shiite Muslim schism is a good example where a schism took place because of it, whereas the Catholic Church is an example where military appointments were legitimated. The fact of the matter is that using violence to affect religious change is not historically uncommon; it just a very recent European-American ideal that the practice is wrong. This is a classic situation where a bona fide disagreement in society is taking place, and the article should reflect that, replete with sources. Sources should be given covering procedures for appointment, as well as appointment acts, along with any significant differences of opinion on either. Think of Wikipedia like the Red Cross of the Internet, we are just here to document the affair, not to decide who is right and who is wrong or to interfere. As the Austrians and Germans attempt to murder the entire Jewish race, the Red Cross gives out cold medicine and takes pictures, but otherwise lets it happen. Its sad and outrageous but it has purpose and the neutrality is a fundamental component. Int21h (talk) 03:45, 29 June 2013 (UTC)
 * Comment:Navigation templates says: "A navigation template is a grouping of links used in multiple related articles to facilitate navigation between those articles." If Panchen Lamas (People's Republic of China) has only one link then separate navigation template is unjustified and Panchen Lamas (People's Republic of China) should be presented within one Panchen Lamas template, clearly separated, with short description of the controversy. (I commented here based on invitation of RfC bot).--Antidiskriminator (talk) 08:31, 8 July 2013 (UTC)

 * Comment A link to the proposed template might be useful in working out the details. In general terms I agree with the previous 3 comments: both Panchen Lamas need to be listed with mention that the identity of the current Panchen Lama is disputed.--Wikimedes (talk) 05:55, 24 July 2013 (UTC)

 * Comment-Both Panchen Lama need to be displayed and denoted as legitimate claimants to the title. However, it should be made evident that both claims are disputed. QatarStarsLeague (talk) 22:05, 25 July 2013 (UTC)

 * Comment-As of 2020, multiple RS and international majority opinion state Gedhun Choekyi Nyima is the Panchen Lama. In 1996, the French Senate referred to him as "the youngest political prisoner in the world", for context. RS indicates a notable shift in 2017 with Canada's call for a UN visit to "the Panchen Lama" (link found in ), and with a call for the immediate release of "the 11th Panchen Lama, Gedhun Choekyi Nyima" in 2018 by U.S. State Dept, and there's more RS in 2020 where Trudeau writes "Gedhun Choekyi Nyima, the 11th Panchen Lama of Tibet" ; A statement read at the UN, "Tibet's religious leader 11th Panchen Lama Gedhun Choekyi Nyima" ; Parliamentary statements as the "11th Panchen Lama" read in Lithuania and UK ; And others in 2020 including . These change the dispute @ since we are now in the position to know which Panchen Lama is considered legitimate by an international majority, to respond to an earlier comment by @. With these RS, I would also venture to question whether the term "dispute" is appropriate in this case - which is described as a kidnapping and forced disappearance of spiritual leader held as a political prisoner; The choice of "dispute" somehow gives weighted credibility to child abductions and forced disappearances, and another descriptive word is needed. (Of note, the phrase "Chinese government-appointed" is seen in RS as early as 2016 , while "proxy" is another word used in RS by 2016  and in many NGO sources including ). Pasdecomplot (talk) 11:56, 24 October 2020 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Panchen Lama. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20061116104548/http://www.savetibet.org:80/documents/pdfs/2004ReligionReport.pdf to http://www.savetibet.org/documents/pdfs/2004ReligionReport.pdf

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers. —cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 13:48, 18 October 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Panchen Lama. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20080308132201/http://tibetoffice.org:80/en/index.php?url_channel_id=8&url_publish_channel_id=786&url_subchannel_id=13&well_id=2 to http://tibetoffice.org/en/index.php?url_channel_id=8&url_publish_channel_id=786&url_subchannel_id=13&well_id=2

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 02:30, 6 January 2016 (UTC)

John Oliver Interview Dalai Lama Over Reincarnation Controversy
Maybe an "in the media" section should be added about some of the press coverage this has gotten. The John Oliver interview from last night (March 2016) was funny but covered the situation fairly well. Jeffery Thomas 16:44, 6 March 2017 (UTC)

Leading section
The previous leading section, written by User:Freetibet1 lacks even the most basic information on the subject. Please stop reverting it back. Esiymbro (talk) 10:01, 10 May 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Panchen Lama


text:
User talk:LegendsEnd

A winner is me.

Re-booting Magic WikiProject
I'm contacting you because you are listed as a participant at the Magic WikiProject. There is a draft for a new version of the main project page up for discussion and I would welcome your comments or suggestions. I wrote the draft because I was encouraged to try to do something to breathe some life back into the project and also to address some long standing problems that seem to dog it. The draft is posted at WikiProject Magic/draft magic project page. Since starting to edit at Wikipedia in February I've contributed 25 new articles to the Magic project and added material to many more. I would really like to see this thing get going again but I need at least a few people to give some sign of encouragement if I am to continue. Circusandmagicfan 13:59, 19 April 2007 (UTC)Circusandmagicfan

AfD nomination of Card Spring
I have nominated Card Spring, an article you created, for deletion. I do not feel that this article satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and have explained why at Articles for deletion/Card Spring. Your opinions on the matter are welcome at that same discussion page; also, you are welcome to edit the article to address these concerns. Thank you for your time. Lea (talk) 22:00, 4 February 2008 (UTC)

Magic secrets - discussion underway
Hi! As a member of the Wiki magic project, I thought you might be interested in contributing to a discussion about magical secrets on Wikipedia. There has already been agreement as to the removing of unsourced magic secrets, as detailed here. However, I think consensus needs to be reached as to what should be done after the secrets are removed. Should the secret be placed on the talk page? Or is just a comment as to why the secret was removed sufficient? The discussion is taking place at Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Magic, and if you are able to take part, that would be great.

Thank you! StephenBuxton (talk) 11:56, 16 April 2008 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:LegendsEnd


text:
User talk:C12H22O11/archive02

Re: Welcome
Thanks for the welcome. Hope my small contributions are useful...

PaulJones 20:46, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

re: Welcome
Thanks for the note.--Biff Dong 00:17, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

re: Welcome
Thanks for the welcome. I should be in Helsinki as I write this but life conspires sometimes. Ironduke 08:20, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

Thanks and congratulations
Thanks for additing the Abitur link to the IB programme page. I was convinced that it was spelled with an r after the A, and puzzled that I couldn't find a link to it in the English or German wikipedias, but it never occurred to me that my recollection of the correct spelling might be in error. I'm glad you caught my mistake quickly.

And congratulations on completing your IB! I finished mine in 1987, in Geneva, and even after earning my Ph.D., I count getting through the IB exams honorably as a significant accomplishment in my life. I hope you will feel the same about your IB diploma. Mamawrites 11:58, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

On coincidences
Thank you for very timely notice of my actions on the Fidel Castro article. I assure you I am fully aware at the moment of reversions I make to the material at what times. --TJive 22:57, August 22, 2005 (UTC)

Pleaser
That editor knew exactly what they were doing. I have no regrets, they were warned. Zoe 08:12, August 23, 2005 (UTC)

Adolf Hitler
How can you say that you are an inclusionist, if you simply delete what you personally do not agree with? I mentioned that Hitler was a brave solder and fought in some of the world's bloodiest battles. This is NOT propaganda but fact. Similar comments are made about Americans and British soldiers, eg, Audie Murphy and Sergeant York. Hitler may have done bad things after that. But as at 1918, he was OK. I have British papers from around 1935 that say similar things. So please do not try to rearrange history to suit yourself. Lesitung 11:28, 25 August 2005 (EET)

Seems to be rather difficult to say anything good about certain people, eg, Hitler. Does Wilipedia suggest that some people are so evil, that one must NEVER say ANYTHING good about them? If these are the rules, I will obey them. However, I personally don't believe any completely evil person would get to his position. I also doubt that anyone is totally evil all his life. Lesitung 12:24, 26 August 2005 (EET)

Ulayiti, if this is really what you are doing, then I think you should stop doing it. Adolf Hitler was responsible for our history's biggest crimes towards humanity, but that doesn't make him an inherently evil Force Of Darkness that no one is allowed to write anything positive about. Verified facts about what Hitler did are encyclopedic material. — J I P | Talk 10:44, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks. Actually, if you remove the Hitler-praising first sentence of his addition, it's actually quite factual and verifiable. However, the personal attack was completely out of place, he should not have done that. I admit to having read his comments on your talk page before reading yours on his. — J I P | Talk 11:08, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * JP, Thank you for your support. If I put similar praise in for US or British soldiers, this would be passed. What I objected to was that all my updates were being reversed. If was as if I was being liquidated. I was really annoyed. It is typical that the strong are always backed by others at the expense of the weak. If the weak try to fight back, threats are made to call the referee, who it implied will always support the more forceful one. I still stand my my viewpoint that Hitler was a very brave soldier in the Great War. In addition, he was very popular among his fellow troops, who were delighted to see him back from Home Leave. The quote at the Beer Hall Putsch trial would have been an attempt by the Prosecution to denigrate him. Most of the early attempts to denigrate Hitler are in fact British propaganda. It is very ineresting how they change their tune over time. It really annoys me that brave soldiers are denigrated by others, who have never fought, and who may not be as brave in similar circumstances.
 * Lesitung 13:50, 26 August 2005 (EET)
 * I think you have every right to add the paragraph about Hitler fighting against overwhelming odds in World War I and being given an award for his bravery. But to say that Hitler "fought bravely", or "selflessly cared for" his wounded comrades, or to say that few soldiers have been through such horrors as Hitler, is POV. Hitler fought against the enemy, cared for his wounded comrades, and was given an award. That's it. And please don't make personal attacks against other users. — J I P | Talk 12:14, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

Leistung
Everything single thing I am writing now is reversed by you. You say I am free to write what I want, but then delete everything I write. Probably you have more rights than I do. I have no doubt that you will take me to the authorities of Wikipedia over these remarks. Lesitung 13:09, 25 August 2005 (EET)

Zambian Boys
Hi there, thanks for your comment, I am more and more convinced that you are right. Actually, Zoe and I were not debating the article per se, but her accusations that my vote to keep it was 'trolling'. I may be wrong (it looks increasingly as though I am) but the initial vote was in good faith, and based on the information that I had at the time. Thanks for pointing this out, Yours Trollderella 21:07, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Done! Thank you! Trollderella 21:21, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

Thanks for the welcome
I have a couple of questions. How do you email others? I understand that if I enter my email address in preferences others can email me without them seeing my email address. How does that work?

Can a watch I have on an article generate an email message to me if the article is changed?

Thanks.

--Transonline 07:20, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

Vaasan Palloseura
I created an article about Hietalahti, Helsinki. I noticed that Vaasan Palloseura links to it. The article doesn't mention Helsinki, and anyway I think it's odd that a Vaasa sports club would play its home matches in Helsinki. Is there a Hietalahti in Vaasa too? If there is, the articles should be disambiguated. — J I P | Talk 10:06, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

Quote on the AIW members page
I was wondering where you got the quote that you have after your user tag on the Association of Inclusionists Wikipedians' meta article? Its a good quote, I'd like to verify it and use it my self... HoratioVitero 15:51, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * thanks, appreciate it...

pantograph
You linked to pantograph on the Mexico Metro page. But that is the wrong link. The pantograph (rail) is the appropriate link. I changed it. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Geo Swan (talk • contribs) 20:54, 30 August 2005 (EET) (UTC)

VfD and redirects

 * Thanks for the tip. The articles I nominated today, however, are special cases.  There were existing redirects with those titles, which a new author replaced with the completely unrelated "dicdef" content and also a "see also" note for the original redirect.  If I were to "be bold" as you suggest, I would be deleting the content that the new author contributed, without replacing it anywhere else.  In this situation, I thought it better to nominate the articles on WP:AFD.  --Russ Blau (talk) 17:15, August 31, 2005 (UTC)

check the contribs
It wasn't isolated. Look at this diff. There's a difference between a newbie experiment and simple vandalism. But go ahead and unblock if you prefer. I never argue with other admins. Uncle Ed 20:16, August 31, 2005 (UTC)

3RR
Please remember the Three Revert Rule (as well as WP:DR), not everything you disagree with is vandalism. The only exceptions to the three revert rule are listed at Vandalism. --fvw *  01:28, September 1, 2005 (UTC)

 * If you're referring to my reversions on Urdu language, I believe the edits I reverted fall under  'Sneaky vandalism - Vandalism which is harder to spot. Adding misinformation, changing dates or making other sensible-appearing substitutions and typos.'  They were done by anonymous IP's with no explanation whatsoever and using misleading edit summaries (such as ). - ulayiti (talk)  11:46, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't see how "clean" is a misleading edit summary, though you may disagree with it of course. Whether edits are made anonymously or logged in has no bearing on whether they are vandalism. Everyone who edit wars thinks that the opposing party is adding misinformation or misleading content, otherwise there wouldn't be an edit war. We have plenty of methods of solving disagreements, WP:DR is there and if you want to avoid an edit war you can try WP:RFPP. Being right or disagreeing with the person you're edit warring against doesn't mean 3RR violations will be tolerated however. --fvw *  21:59, September 4, 2005 (UTC)

Scimitar's RfA
Thanks for supporting my request for administrator powers, which has been successful. If you have any questions or concerns, please contact me on my talk page. Thanks again! Scimitar parley 17:13, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

Marxism
The dispute on Marxism is not technically vandalism, but a content dispute which should be handled through other channels than WP:AIV. / is in violation of the 3RR, and I have warned GallantRider. --Canderson7 21:46, September 1, 2005 (UTC)

Re: Welcome
Thanks...hopefully i can add more info to wikipedia... — Preceding unsigned comment added by SidJ (talk • contribs) 01:03, 2 September 2005 (EET) (UTC)

RfA
Allow me to be the first to say I wish you good luck on that RfA. P.S. add an ' A ' after your screen name at Esperanza once you get in :) R  e  dwolf24  (talk) 23:39, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Wow, sorry, brainfart. You're not in Esperanza but I know you from some association or another, is it WP:BEARDKEEP? or WP:CCW? I'm too lazy to do any research :P

 * Good luck all the same :) R  e  dwolf24  (talk) 23:42, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

Re:Welcome
Hey! Well I just wanted to say thanks for the welcome!... Now hopefully I can be of some use here at Wikipedia. :-) Blue muffin89 17:34, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

Abdullah Ocalan
why hve u deleted the word of "terrorist" from the article about Abdullah Ocalan? he is a terrorist leader in Turkey and his terrorist group (PKK) is in the terrorist list of European Union. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 138.40.1.12 (talk • contribs) 00:55, 3 September 2005 (EET) (UTC)

Thanks for your support!
Dear Ulayiti, thanks for your vote of confidance at my RfA, and for your kind comment. I'll try hard to make the soggy mop proud! — Asbestos | Talk   (RFC)  00:10, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

Thanks for your support
Hi Ulayiti, just a quick note to thank you for your support on my RfA. I was pleased to see so much support, especially from people such as you who I do not know very well, if at all. Now that I am an administrator I will do my best to please the community’s expectations. Best regards, Sam Hocevar 17:28, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

Please review
Can you check This out and tell me what you think. I did it all my self, but still don't like it. It's ugly and does not seem to read well.--Irishpunktom\talk 18:13, September 3, 2005 (UTC)

 * Hey, thanks for your help, it is much appreciated! --Irishpunktom\talk 12:59, September 4, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:C12H22O11/archive02


text:
Fred Rumsey

Frederick Edward Rumsey (born 4 December 1935) is an English former cricketer who founded the Professional Cricketers Association (PCA) in 1967. He played five Test matches for England against Australia, South Africa & New Zealand in the mid-1960s. Rumsey played county cricket for Worcestershire, Somerset and Derbyshire.

Life and career
Born 4 December 1935, Stepney, London, UK, Rumsey began his first-class career for Worcestershire against Cambridge University in 1960, his first wicket being that of future England captain Tony Lewis. He made a few more appearances over the next two years, but was largely confined to second-eleven cricket and for the 1963 season until he moved to Somerset.

For six seasons Rumsey was a fixture in the Somerset side, taking a total of 547 first-class wickets at an average of 20.14, and in three seasons (1963, 1965 and 1966) reaching the 100-wicket mark. His best achievements came in 1965, when he took 8–26 against Hampshire in a low-scoring game in which only 283 runs were scored for the loss of 33 wickets. He took 119 first-class wickets that season at an average of only 16.18, taking five or more in an innings on seven occasions.

As one of the fastest bowlers ever to play for Somerset Rumsey had made his Test debut in 1964 against Australia at Manchester, his 2–99 from 35.5 overs fairly impressive in a match in which Australia piled up 656 for 8 declared, thanks to 311 from Bob Simpson (indeed, both sides passed 600 in their first innings); he was, however, not retained for the fifth Test at the Oval. In 1965, Rumsey played in all three Tests against the New Zealanders, taking a career-best 4–25 in the second Test at Lord's and claiming nine at 25.44 in the series as a whole. He kept his place in the team for the first Test against South Africa in late July, but despite six wickets in the match this was to prove his last appearance for England.

During the winter of 1967/68, Somerset appointed Rumsey public relations and fund raising officer. It was the first appointment of its type in English first-class cricket. Fred Rumsey's greatest contribution to cricket came in 1967 when he founded the Professional Cricketers' Association. Before the creation of the PCA English Cricket players had little to no say in the administration of the game in England & Wales. Rumsey's creation of a players union was recognised when the PCA recently appointed him Honorary Life Founder Member and a vice-president.

In 1969, Rumsey moved counties again, from Somerset to Derbyshire where he played one day cricket and again operated as Fund Raiser and Public Relations officer.

He was to remain at Derbyshire until his retirement after the 1973 season, making just one first-class appearance in those five seasons (against his old county of Somerset at Bath in 1970) but making many appearances in the limited-overs game. In 1970, he achieved his best one-day figures of 4–8 against Worcestershire at Derby, and in all he took 100 List A wickets at 18.44 for Derbyshire. Rumsey was awarded a Derbyshire cap in 1972.

Rumsey's final game was against Nottinghamshire in the John Player League on 9 September 1973. After retirement he became involved with the Lord's Taverners, and appeared in charity matches and other events. His friendships included the anti-apartheid campaigner Donald Woods, John Arlott, Eric Morecambe, Colin Milburn and David Gower.

In 2008 Fred Rumsey was honoured by Somerset supporters when they selected him as a 'Legend' of the Cricket Club having taken over 570 first-class wickets in 6 seasons.

He published his autobiography Sense of Humour, Sense of Justice in April 2019.

title: Fred Rumsey


text:
Ramshead Range

The Ramshead Range, a mountain range that is part of the Snowy Mountains, is located in the Monaro region of New South Wales and the Alpine region of Victoria, Australia.

Location and features
The range extends from the southwest near Mount Cobberas No. 1 in Victoria, across the Black-Allen Line that defines the straight line border between the two states, towards the northeast near Thredbo in New South Wales.

The peaks of the range are around 2100 m, with Mount Twynam, at an elevation of 2195 m , the highest peak. The number of peaks in the Ramshead Range is debatable: however it is commonly accepted that the South Ramshead, the Rams Head and the North Ramshead are all proper peaks. The peak between Rams Head and North Ramshead is sometimes known as the 'Central' Ramshead.

The range is generally covered in snow from June through to October, making it suitable for cross-country skiing. The range is most commonly accessed from Dead Horse Gap or by the Kosciuszko Express Quad Chair at Thredbo, and is not far south of Mount Kosciuszko, the highest mainland point in Australia.

title: Ramshead Range


text:
User talk:Kenwarren/sandbox/rktect

Edit summaries
Rktect has used, and continues to use, deceptive edit summaries. While he no longer misuses the minor edit flag, he still words edit summaries in a manner which would make one think that the change made is relatively minor. See, e.g. and  which suggest minor changes, and  and  (neither one, admittedly, a major change) with no edit summary at all.

emails

 * Though I don't think you have done a very good job of fairly characterizing both sides of the dispute, or explaining why you would offer to mediate a dispute when you were already voting for vfd's, and essentially engaged in making every effort to censor any and all of my contributions for no good reason and contrary to your understanding of the rules of vfd, you have my permission to show my emails. Rktect 18:23, September 4, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Kenwarren/sandbox/rktect


text:
Fort Saint Michael

Fort Saint Michael (Forti San Mikiel) was a small fort in the land front of the city of Senglea, Malta. It was originally built in the 1552 and played a significant role in the Great Siege of Malta of 1565. Following the siege, it was rebuilt as Saint Michael Cavalier (Kavallier ta' San Mikiel), and was completed in 1581. The cavalier was partially demolished in the 20th century, and only a part of its base remains today.

Construction and history
In 1537 d’Homedes renovated a villa and surrounded it with a casemate.

In 1551, the Ottomans attacked Malta and later invaded Gozo. This prompted the Order's Grand Master, Juan de Homedes y Coscon, to strengthen the defences of the island. Two new forts were needed, one on the Sciberras Peninsula, and one on the smaller peninsula then known as Isola di San Michele, which was formed by Dockyard Creek and French Creek in Grand Harbour.

The first stone of the fort on l'Isola was laid on 8 May 1552 by de Homedes himself. Fort Saint Michael was built to a design by the military engineer Pedro Pardo d’Andrera. The second fort, located on the Sciberras Peninsula, was called Fort Saint Elmo. Both new forts were built in the remarkably short period of six months in 1552.

Fort Saint Michael was extended to a fortified city named Senglea by Grand Master Claude de la Sengle during the Knights' preparations for the anticipated Great Siege of Malta. The siege eventually came in 1565, and St Michael was one of three forts defending the Knights stronghold in Grand Harbour, along with Fort St Angelo and Fort St Elmo. The latter fell, but Fort St Michael and Fort St Angelo both withstood the siege. Fort St Michael was severely damaged, as it had been the scene of some of the most desperate fighting and bombardment of the siege. It withstood 10 assaults from the Ottoman attackers.

The fortifications of Senglea was rebuilt after the siege, and the redevelopment continued until 1581. Fort St. Michael was converted to a cavalier, consisting of a tower with a casemated interior, which had a terrace platform with ten embrasures.

In 1687, Don Carlos de Grunenbergh visited the fort and recommended the addition of a faussebraye. He decided to finance the expenses himself.

Destruction

St. Michael Cavalier was largely dismantled in 1921 to make way for a school. A small part of the structure's lower section was retained and was used as the base of a clock tower.

Today, the bastion at Senglea Point, which is known as "the Spur", is often mistakenly referred to as Fort Saint Michael, although the fort was actually located at the opposite end of the city.

title: Fort Saint Michael


text:
Rathke's pouch

In embryogenesis, Rathke's pouch is an evagination at the roof of the developing mouth in front of the buccopharyngeal membrane. It gives rise to the anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis), a part of the endocrine system.

Development
Rathke's pouch, and therefore the anterior pituitary, is derived from ectoderm.

The pouch eventually loses its connection with the pharynx giving rise to the anterior pituitary. The anterior wall of Rathke's pouch proliferates, filling most of the pouch to form pars distalis and pars tuberalis. The posterior wall forms pars intermedia.

In some organisms, the proliferating anterior wall does not fully occupy Rathke's pouch, leaving a remnant (Rathke's cleft) between the pars distalis and pars intermedia. This remnant may develop into a large cyst, the Rathke's cleft cyst. This cyst typically doesn't cause symptoms, but, if large enough, it may cause vision loss, bitemporal hemianopsia, blurry vision, and dulled color vision.

Clinical significance
Rathke's pouch may develop benign cysts. Craniopharyngioma is a neoplasm which can arise from the epithelium within the cleft.

Eponym
It is named for Martin Rathke.

title: Rathke's pouch


text: User talk:71.32.8.118

title: User talk:71.32.8.118


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sorry for the Inconvenience

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Joolz 21:54, 9 September 2005 (UTC)

Sorry for the Inconvenience
del a nonnotable supposedly webcomic, which is even not a webcomic. mikka (t) 00:52, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete although I disagree with the "not a webcomic" diagnosis. Nifboy 00:58, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nonnotable webcomic. Dragonfiend 01:07, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Man, they even got the quote wrong - it's "We APOLOGIZE for the inconvenience". Delete. Radiant_ >|< 09:19, September 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - There wasn't much of anything on that external link I clicked on to see if the comic is actually notable or not... hopefully I didn't get my computer infected with anything... yikes! UniReb 11:18, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * "The red monkies appeared on January 4, 2005 when one of them had sex with a decapitated ninja pirate. The body exploded and the comic was full of red monkies." Delete. the wub  "?/!"  13:15, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete NN. Amren (talk) 14:27, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, I think the Wub says it all.--Oppolo 15:36, 3 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Seven & I Holdings

Seven & i Holdings Co., Ltd. (株式会社セブン&アイ・ホールディングス) is a Japanese diversified retail holdings company headquartered in Nibanchō, Chiyoda, Tokyo. On September 1, 2005, it was established as a result of the integration of three companies: Ito-Yokado, Seven-Eleven Japan, and Denny's Japan. The purpose of this establishment was to create a holding company that would own these three companies. The background behind this decision was that the parent company, Ito-Yokado, was facing deteriorating performance, while its subsidiary, Seven-Eleven Japan, was experiencing growth in both sales and profits and was performing well.

History
On April 20, 2005, the supermarket chain Ito-Yokado announced the establishment of a holding company called Seven & i Holdings in September of the same year. This holding company was formed in collaboration with its subsidiary convenience store chain, Seven-Eleven Japan, and the restaurant chain, Denny's Japan. At the time, Ito-Yokado, which was facing declining performance, had a market capitalization that was approximately 70% of the rapidly growing Seven-Eleven, causing an imbalance in the parent-child relationship within the group. The purpose of this restructuring was to resolve this imbalance and prepare for hostile takeovers. At the time, Ito-Yokado held over 50% of the issued shares of both Seven-Eleven and Denny's. After the restructuring, all three companies became 100% subsidiaries of the holding company. This restructuring also included other entities like Aiwai Bank (later renamed Seven Bank) and York-Benimaru, which were brought under the umbrella of the holding company. The group as a whole aimed to collaborate on product development, procurement, and the consolidation of management functions.

In November 2005, Seven & i acquired the shares of 7-Eleven, Inc. through a public tender offer, making it a wholly-owned subsidiary via Seven-Eleven Japan. On December 25, 2005, Seven & i solidified its plans to merge with Millennium Retailing, which owns the department stores Seibu and Sogo. On December 26, Seven & i officially announced its intention to bring Millennium Retailing under its umbrella and integrate their operations by June of the following year. The combined domestic sales of both groups would reach a scale of 5 trillion yen when simply added together, surpassing Japan's largest Aeon Group. Their global sales, including U.S.-based 7-Eleven, would exceed 7 trillion yen, ranking them around second place in the world. While Seven-Eleven Japan and the financial business were performing well, the supermarket industry was experiencing declining sales. The integration with Millennium Retailing aimed to achieve operational efficiency through the consolidation of management functions and other measures. Millennium Retailing had already completed the revitalization of its subsidiaries Seibu and Sogo and was planning to go public in the next two to three years. However, they chose the path of integration with Seven & i instead.

On August 11, 2006, Seven & i purchased Lombard, Illinois-based White Hen.

On June 11, 2012, Seven & i, through its 7-Eleven, Inc. subsidiary, acquired 23 convenience stores in the US from Strasburger Enterprises, Inc.

On December 4, 2013, Seven & i purchased 44.99% ownership of Barneys Japan Co., Ltd. from "a fund operated by Tokio Marine Capital". Barneys Japan "has a network of 10 stores in Japan, including five outlet stores" and, "for the year ending February 2013, Barneys Japan posted sales of ¥19.52 billion." After this transaction, Sumitomo Corporation will continue to retain a majority stake of 50.01% in Barneys Japan Co., Ltd.

On January 29, 2014, Seven & i, through its subsidiary Seven & i Net Media, acquired 50.71% of Nissen Holdings, which is engaged in the mail order sale of clothing and daily necessities, the retail and wholesale of gift products through stores, catalogs, Internet and mobiles. Also, Nissen is involved in the life insurance, casualty insurance agency, credit card and money lending business.

On April 6, 2017, Seven & i announced they would be acquiring 1110 convenience stores from American fuel company Sunoco for $3.3 billion, as well as that they would be supplied 2.2 billion gallons of fuel annually from Sunoco for 15 years. Sunoco said they would be selling 200 more stores to Seven & i in Q4, 2017.

The current President of Seven & i, Ryuichi Isaka, was appointed to that position on May 26, 2016, replacing Noritoshi Murata, who resigned his position along with Chief Executive and Chairman Toshifumi Suzuki in April 2016, after activist investor Daniel Loeb, who owns an undisclosed stake in Seven & i through his investment company Third Point, raised concerns about rumours that Suzuki was grooming his son, Yasuhiro Suzuki, as his successor.

In July 2019, 7-Eleven launched, then almost immediately suspended, a mobile payment service, 7pay. The service was hacked upon launch and attackers were able to spend money from affected customers' accounts. The service was announced to be entirely cancelled following a review of the infrastructure it ran on.

On August 2, 2020, Seven & i announced they were purchasing convenience store competitor Speedway LLC from Marathon Petroleum for $21 billion. The deal had closed on May 14, 2021.

In April 2023, Barneys Japan was sold to Laox Holdings.

On January 26, 2021, the U.S. investment fund ValueAct Capital, which owns approximately 4.4% of the shares, demanded that Seven & i, a company in which they hold an ownership stake, focus on its convenience store business, which accounts for a significant portion of Seven & i's operating profit.

On November 11, 2022, Seven & i announced the sale of Sogo and Seibu (formerly Millennium Retailing) to the U.S. investment fund Fortress Investment Group. On September 1, 2023, they formally confirmed the sale to the investment fund. The sale price of Sogo and Seibu was reduced from the initially planned 250 billion yen to 220 billion yen. Seven & i relinquished 916 billion yen worth of debt out of the 1,659 billion yen it held against Sogo and Seibu to alleviate the financial burden on Sogo and Seibu. The company announced that the final transfer price would be 85 million yen by adjusting for the net debt and working capital of Sogo & Seibu and its subsidiaries. In response to this sale, the Sogo and Seibu labor union conducted a strike on August 31.

In November 2023, Seven & i purchased the Australian franchise of 7-Eleven from the Withers and Barlow families for 1.71 billion AUD.

Subsidiaries and affiliates

 * Seven-Eleven Japan (based in Japan)
 * SEJ Finance and SEJ Service holding companies (based in the United States)
 * 7-Eleven (based in the United States and Australia)
 * Stripes Convenience Stores
 * Speedway - acquired in 2021
 * 7-Eleven International
 * 7-Eleven Australia - acquired in 2023
 * Ito-Yokado - supermarket chain
 * Seven Bank (46.4%, tyo: 8410) - online banking & operating ATMs at Seven & i Group stores
 * Sogo & Seibu - sold to Fortress Investment Group in 2023
 * Loft (75.2%) - retail stores specializing in stationery, household goods, kitchenware, cosmetics, and specialty items
 * Seven & i Food Systems - operating Denny's restaurants in Japan; the company has held an exclusive trademark right of using "Denny's" (name, logo, etc.) in Japan since 1984 and operates independently of Denny's Corporation (without any licensing or franchise agreements)
 * Seven & i Net Media
 * Nissen Holdings - catalog, online retailing, real store sales
 * Tower Records Japan (45%)

Senior leadership
Seven & i has been led by a president & CEO since the founding of the group in 2005. The current president is Ryuichi Isaka, having been appointed in May 2016 after weeks of boardroom drama with his predecessor, Toshifumi Suzuki.

List of presidents and CEOs

 * 1) Toshifumi Suzuki (2005–2016)
 * 2) Ryuichi Isaka (since May 2016)

title: Seven & I Holdings


text:
File:Everything in Transit.jpg

Summary
CD cover of Everything in Transit by Jack's Mannequin

Fair use rationale

 * No free equivalent is available or could be created that would adequately give the same information.
 * The image does not replace the original market role of the original copyrighted media.
 * The image has previously been published.
 * The image meets general Wikipedia content requirements.
 * The image contributes significantly to the article by identifying the subject of the article.

title: File:Everything in Transit.jpg


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/2104 (book) (2nd nomination)

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result was   The result of the debate was Speedied as recreation. Radiant_ >|< 09:19, September 2, 2005 (UTC)

2104 (book)
Non-Notable novel published online by Wikipedia member. Already deleted once here LtNOWIS 00:54, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy, recreation. I presume it's still also in userspace, so no need to re-userfy. If it's not still in userspace, there ought to be a very good reason. -Splash 02:24, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy as a recreation of a deleted article. - ulayiti (talk)   (my RfA)  02:56, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: User talk:65.2.170.10

title: User talk:65.2.170.10


text:
Cowden syndrome

Cowden syndrome (also known as Cowden's disease and multiple hamartoma syndrome) is an autosomal dominant inherited condition characterized by benign overgrowths called hamartomas as well as an increased lifetime risk of breast, thyroid, uterine, and other cancers. It is often underdiagnosed due to variability in disease presentation, but 99% of patients report mucocutaneous symptoms by age 20–29. Despite some considering it a primarily dermatologic condition, Cowden's syndrome is a multi-system disorder that also includes neurodevelopmental disorders such as macrocephaly.

The incidence of Cowden's disease is about 1 in 200,000, making it quite rare. Furthermore, early and continuous screening is essential in the management of this disorder to prevent malignancies. It is associated with mutations in PTEN on 10q23.3, a tumor suppressor gene otherwise known as phosphatase and tensin homolog, that results in dysregulation of the mTOR pathway leading to errors in cell proliferation, cell cycling, and apoptosis. The most common malignancies associated with the syndrome are adenocarcinoma of the breast (20%), followed by adenocarcinoma of the thyroid (7%), squamous cell carcinomas of the skin (4%), and the remaining from the colon, uterus, or others (1%).

Signs and symptoms
As Cowden's disease is a multi-system disorder, the physical manifestations are broken down by organ system:

Skin
Adolescent patients affected with Cowden syndrome develop characteristic lesions called trichilemmomas, which typically develop on the face, and verrucous papules around the mouth and on the ears. Oral papillomas are also common. Furthermore, shiny palmar keratoses with central dells are also present. At birth or in childhood, classic features of Cowden's include pigmented genital lesions, lipomas, epidermal nevi, and cafe-au-lait spots. Squamous cell carcinomas of the skin may also occur.

Thyroid
Two thirds of patients have thyroid disorders, and these typically include benign follicular adenomas or multinodular goiter of the thyroid. Additionally, Cowden's patients are more susceptible to developing thyroid cancer than the general population. It is estimated that less than 10 percent of individuals with Cowden syndrome may develop follicular thyroid cancer. Cases of papillary thyroid cancer have been reported as well.

Female and male genitourinary
Females have an elevated risk of developing endometrial cancers, which is highest for those under the age of 50. Currently, it is not clear whether uterine leiomyomata (fibroids) or congenital genitourinary abnormalities occur at an increased rate in Cowden syndrome patients as compared to the general population. The occurrence of multiple testicular lipomas, or testicular lipomatosis, is a characteristic finding in male patients with Cowden syndrome.

Gastrointestinal
Polyps are extremely common as they are found in about 95% of Cowden syndrome patients undergoing a colonoscopy. They are numerous ranging from a few to hundreds, usually of the hamartomatous subtype, and distributed across the colon as well as other areas within the gastrointestinal tract. Other types of polyps that may be encountered less frequently include ganglioneuromatous, adenomatous, and lymphoid polyps. Diffuse glycogenic acanthosis of the esophagus is another gastrointestinal manifestation associated with Cowden syndrome.

Breast
Females are at an increased risk of developing breast cancer, which is the most common malignancy observed in Cowden's patients. Although some cases have been reported, there is not enough evidence to indicate an association between Cowden syndrome and the development of male breast cancer. Up to 75% demonstrate benign breast conditions such as intraductal papillomatosis, fibroadenomas, and fibrocystic changes. However, there is currently not enough evidence to determine if benign breast disease occurs more frequently in Cowden's patients as compared to individuals without a hereditary cancer syndrome.

Central nervous system
Macrocephaly is observed in 84% of patients with Cowden syndrome. It typically occurs due to an abnormally enlarged brain, or megalencephaly. Patients may also exhibit dolichocephaly. Varying degrees of autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability have been reported as well. Lhermitte-Duclos disease is a benign cerebellar tumor that typically does not manifest until adulthood in patients with Cowden syndrome.

Genetics
Cowden syndrome is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion. Germline mutations in PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog), a tumor suppressor gene, are found in up to 80% of Cowden's patients. Several other hereditary cancer syndromes, such as Bannayan–Riley–Ruvalcaba syndrome, have been associated with mutations in the PTEN gene as well. PTEN negatively regulates the cytoplasmic receptor tyrosine kinase pathway, which is responsible for cell growth and survival, and also functions to repair errors in DNA. Thus, in the absence of this protein, cancerous cells are more likely to develop, survive, and proliferate.

Recently, it was discovered that germline heterozygous mutations in SEC23B, a component of coat protein complex II vesicles secreted from the endoplasmic reticulum, are associated with Cowden syndrome. A possible interplay between PTEN and SEC23B has recently been suggested, given emerging evidence of each having a role in ribosome biogenesis, but this has not been conclusively determined.

Diagnosis
The revised clinical criteria for the diagnosis of Cowden's syndrome for an individual is dependent on either one of the following: 1) 3 major criteria are met or more that must include macrocephaly, Lhermitte-Duclos, or GI hamartomas 2) two major and three minor criteria. The major and minor criteria are listed below:

Screening
The management of Cowden syndrome centers on the early detection and prevention of cancer types that are known to occur as part of this syndrome. Specific screening guidelines for Cowden syndrome patients have been published by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). Surveillance focuses on the early detection of breast, endometrial, thyroid, colorectal, renal, and skin cancer. See below for a complete list of recommendations from the NCCN:

Treatment
Malignancies that occur in Cowden syndrome are usually treated in the same fashion as those that occur sporadically in patients without a hereditary cancer syndrome. Two notable exceptions are breast and thyroid cancer. In Cowden syndrome patients with a first-time diagnosis of breast cancer, treatment with mastectomy of the involved breast as well as prophylactic mastectomy of the uninvolved contralateral breast should be considered. In the setting of thyroid cancer or a follicular adenoma, a total thyroidectomy is recommended even in cases where it appears that only one lobe of the thyroid is affected. This is due to the high likelihood of recurrence as well as the difficulty in distinguishing a benign from malignant growth with a hemithyroidectomy alone.

The benign mucocutaneous lesions observed in Cowden syndrome are typically not treated unless they become symptomatic or disfiguring. If this occurs, numerous treatment options, including topical agents, cryosurgery, curettage, laser ablation, and excision, may be utilized.

History
Cowden Syndrome was described in 1963, when Lloyd and Dennis described a novel inherited disease that predisposed to cancer. It was named after the Cowden family, in which it was discovered. They described the various clinical features including "adenoid facies; hypoplasia of the mandible and maxilla; a high-arch palate; hypoplasia of the soft palate and uvula; microstomia; papillomatosis of the lips and oral pharynx; scrotal tongue; [and] multiple thyroid adenomas."

The genetic basis of Cowden Syndrome was revealed in 1997, when germline mutations in a locus at 10q23 were associated to the novel PTEN tumor suppressor.

title: Cowden syndrome


text:
Talk:Mark Clayton (American football, born 1982)

Possible Copyright Infringement
I've removed text which can be found at SoonerSports.com. I did not see a copyright notice on the site but am assuming one since there is nothing to the contrary. --Ektar 00:57, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

External links modified
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text:
Talk:Seven & I Holdings

Untitled
Initial entry from Japanese Wikipedia.

Transparency in logo?
I had a bot let me know that Image:Banner seven and i holdings.jpg was replaced for Image:Banner seven and i holdings.png in this article. The main difference (besides details like size, etc.) is that the png one has a transparent background. Now, before there is automatic deletion of a non-free image, is the logo background supposed to be white or transparent? —Tokek (talk) 16:07, 14 February 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Banner seven and i holdings.png
Image:Banner seven and i holdings.png is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

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BetacommandBot (talk) 23:09, 7 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Strange, the bots had my uploaded image automatically queued for deletion because it was no longer being used (replaced) in the article, despite the fact that the replacement image had less clear fair use rationale. Maybe the bots have crooked priorities. —Tokek (talk) 00:31, 30 August 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
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Requested move 8 November 2021

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: not moved. (closed by non-admin page mover) Lennart97 (talk) 17:57, 15 November 2021 (UTC)

Seven & I Holdings → Seven & i Holdings – company uses lower case 'i' in its title Jeupstear (talk) 05:15, 8 November 2021 (UTC)
 * This is a contested technical request (permalink). Anthony Appleyard (talk) 08:58, 8 November 2021 (UTC)

The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.
 * Do we obey this? Or do we reject the lowercase initial "i" as a stylization? Anthony Appleyard (talk) 09:00, 8 November 2021 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Scanning through the sources in this article's references section, I'd estimate that half use the uppercase "I" and the other half use the lower "i". So the tiebreaker should favour our MOS:TMRULES stylization guidelines and maintain the status quo. Zzyzx11 (talk) 10:55, 8 November 2021 (UTC)
 * Oppose same reason as Zzyzx11TrueAuraCoral (talk) 05:40, 13 November 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Seven & I Holdings


text:
Talk:Lygon Street

Untitled
Yay go me I made this article initially. (I forgot my password though so I can no longer log in as David_Hunter!)

-hunterd — Preceding unsigned comment added by 61.69.12.16 (talk • contribs) 00:58, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress which affects this page. Please participate at Talk:Collins Street, Melbourne - Requested move and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RM bot 12:22, 17 April 2012 (UTC)

Disambiguation style
Note: There is a proposal at WT:AURD to rename this article (and others) to conform to the WP:AURDNAME guideline – specifically, using brackets instead of a comma for disambiguation. - Evad37 [talk] 08:54, 18 September 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lygon Street


text:
Pierpont prime

In number theory, a Pierpont prime is a prime number of the form $$2^u\cdot 3^v + 1\,$$ for some nonnegative integers $u$ and $v$. That is, they are the prime numbers $p$ for which $p − 1$ is 3-smooth. They are named after the mathematician James Pierpont, who used them to characterize the regular polygons that can be constructed using conic sections. The same characterization applies to polygons that can be constructed using ruler, compass, and angle trisector, or using paper folding.

Except for 2 and the Fermat primes, every Pierpont prime must be 1 modulo 6. The first few Pierpont primes are:

It has been conjectured that there are infinitely many Pierpont primes, but this remains unproven.

Distribution
A Pierpont prime with $v = 0$ is of the form $$2^u+1$$, and is therefore a Fermat prime (unless $u = 0$). If $v$ is positive then $u$ must also be positive (because $$3^v+1$$ would be an even number greater than 2 and therefore not prime), and therefore the non-Fermat Pierpont primes all have the form $6k + 1$, when $k$ is a positive integer (except for 2, when $u = v = 0$).

Empirically, the Pierpont primes do not seem to be particularly rare or sparsely distributed; there are 42 Pierpont primes less than 106, 65 less than 109, 157 less than 1020, and 795 less than 10100. There are few restrictions from algebraic factorisations on the Pierpont primes, so there are no requirements like the Mersenne prime condition that the exponent must be prime. Thus, it is expected that among $n$-digit numbers of the correct form $$2^u\cdot3^v+1$$, the fraction of these that are prime should be proportional to $1/n$, a similar proportion as the proportion of prime numbers among all $n$-digit numbers. As there are $$\Theta(n^{2})$$ numbers of the correct form in this range, there should be $$\Theta(n)$$ Pierpont primes.

Andrew M. Gleason made this reasoning explicit, conjecturing there are infinitely many Pierpont primes, and more specifically that there should be approximately $9n$ Pierpont primes up to $10^{n}$. According to Gleason's conjecture there are $$\Theta(\log N)$$ Pierpont primes smaller than N, as opposed to the smaller conjectural number $$O(\log \log N)$$ of Mersenne primes in that range. However, the Brun sieve gives the hope that the number of Woodall primes up to $$N$$ should be at least $$\Theta\left(\frac{\log^{3/2} N}{(\log \log N)^2}\right)$$.

Primality testing
When $$2^u > 3^v$$, $$2^u\cdot 3^v + 1$$ is a Proth number and thus its primality can be tested by Proth's theorem. On the other hand, when $$2^u < 3^v$$ alternative primality tests for $$M=2^u\cdot 3^v + 1$$ are possible based on the factorization of $$M-1$$ as a small even number multiplied by a large power of 3.

Pierpont primes found as factors of Fermat numbers
As part of the ongoing worldwide search for factors of Fermat numbers, some Pierpont primes have been announced as factors. The following table gives values of m, k, and n such that

The left-hand side is a Fermat number; the right-hand side is a Pierpont prime.

, the largest known Pierpont prime is 81 × 220498148 + 1 (6,170,560 decimal digits), whose primality was discovered in June 2023.

Polygon construction
In the mathematics of paper folding, the Huzita axioms define six of the seven types of fold possible. It has been shown that these folds are sufficient to allow the construction of the points that solve any cubic equation. It follows that they allow any regular polygon of $N$ sides to be formed, as long as $N ≥ 3$ and is of the form $2^{m}3^{n}ρ$, where $ρ$ is a product of distinct Pierpont primes. This is the same class of regular polygons as those that can be constructed with a compass, straightedge, and angle trisector. Regular polygons which can be constructed with only compass and straightedge (constructible polygons) are the special case where $n = 0$ and $ρ$ is a product of distinct Fermat primes, themselves a subset of Pierpont primes.

In 1895, James Pierpont studied the same class of regular polygons; his work is what gives the name to the Pierpont primes. Pierpont generalized compass and straightedge constructions in a different way, by adding the ability to draw conic sections whose coefficients come from previously constructed points. As he showed, the regular $N$-gons that can be constructed with these operations are the ones such that the totient of $N$ is 3-smooth. Since the totient of a prime is formed by subtracting one from it, the primes $N$ for which Pierpont's construction works are exactly the Pierpont primes. However, Pierpont did not describe the form of the composite numbers with 3-smooth totients. As Gleason later showed, these numbers are exactly the ones of the form $2^{m}3^{n}ρ$ given above.

The smallest prime that is not a Pierpont (or Fermat) prime is 11; therefore, the hendecagon is the first regular polygon that cannot be constructed with compass, straightedge and angle trisector (or origami, or conic sections). All other regular $N$-gons with $3 ≤ N ≤ 21$ can be constructed with compass, straightedge and trisector.

Generalization
A Pierpont prime of the second kind is a prime number of the form 2u3v − 1. These numbers are

The largest known primes of this type are Mersenne primes; currently the largest known is $$2^{82589933}-1$$ (24,862,048 decimal digits). The largest known Pierpont prime of the second kind that is not a Mersenne prime is $$3\cdot 2^{20928756}-1$$, found by PrimeGrid.

A generalized Pierpont prime is a prime of the form $$p_1^{n_1} \!\cdot p_2^{n_2} \!\cdot p_3^{n_3} \!\cdot \ldots \cdot p_k^{n_k} + 1$$ with k fixed primes p1 < p2 < p3 < ... < pk. A generalized Pierpont prime of the second kind is a prime of the form $$p_1^{n_1} \!\cdot p_2^{n_2} \!\cdot p_3^{n_3} \!\cdot \ldots \cdot p_k^{n_k} - 1$$ with k fixed primes p1 < p2 < p3 < ... < pk. Since all primes greater than 2 are odd, in both kinds p1 must be 2. The sequences of such primes in the OEIS are:

title: Pierpont prime


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Noacniari Deluge

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. -Splash 22:33, 10 September 2005 (UTC)

Noacniari Deluge
Not quite patent nonsense, but if anyone wants to suggest it ....--Doc (?) 00:59, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

I don't know if outright deletion is key here. It looks like there is reference to a second source (the first being The Bible). This may have something to do with the "Concentric Spheres" model of the Earth devised in the mid-19th century, although a Google search turned up butkus. --NielsenGW 01:40, September 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * Oh, I think deletion is very key here. 'Noacniari' turns up no googles - that's a crackpot theory that's not on the internet (perhaps that's notable in itself). This is a hoax - it's just too obscure for us to get it. --Doc (?) 07:56, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Seems to be a hoax as per above, and verges on the nonsensical.  Demogorgon's Soup-taster 08:52, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - To author: Please provide an authentic document/scripture saying close to word-for-word as it says in the article. UniReb 11:23, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Leaning towards Merge -- After an exhaustive investigation (I think I exhausted Google), I would recommend to keep this article (for now). It justs needs more research. The Deluge is in reference to the flood that Noah and the animals rode out on the Ark. Noah's name in Hebrew becomes "Noach." Noacniari may be a corruption of Noachian, a word sometimes attributed to the Great Flood. Merge the usable bits into Deluge (mythology). --NielsenGW 13:56, September 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * If you're right, then (delete and?) redirect to Deluge (mythology) - I can't see anything worth merging. --Doc (?) 14:18, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * This article is a cut-and-paste of a single paragraph on page 39 of this document (which is probably public domain since it's from a US Govt website). In the context of the full article, this appears to be an attempt to make a parenthetical comment about groundwater and mentions the "Noacniari Deluge" in passing.  It is clearly not a discussion about the "Noacniari Deluge".  That section of the full article is also nearly incomprehensible (proving that government-sponsored gibberish is still gibberish).  I don't see anything worth keeping and except for this one article, I can't find any other verification of the use of the title "Noacniari Deluge".  Without verification, I have to recommend deletion.  Rossami (talk) 22:24, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per Rossami. Good work. -- Kjkolb 06:29, September 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Based on the research mentioned above, I think that the title of this article (obviously taken from the government document) should be Noachian Deluge, which should be set as a redirect to Noah. Crypticfirefly 14:31, 3 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Colony (Grant novel)

Colony was the first novel written by Rob Grant outside the Red Dwarf series. First published in 2000 by Viking Press in the United Kingdom it stays within the comedy, science fiction genre. The narrative is set on a spaceship sent on a voyage to colonise another planet, since Earth has been rendered uninhabitable. The mission is set to take numerous generations. Ten generations into the voyage, however, the crew's mental abilities have all been severely reduced, setting the events of the novel in motion.

Plot summary
The story starts on Earth in the future. Global warming and overpopulation has caused an imminent apocalypse. The hope for the survival of the human race is a spaceship called the Willflower, which will take a small number of the world's best minds on a journey to colonize another planet. Eddie O'Hare, the protagonist, is not one of them. He is deep in debt due to his computer having mysteriously stolen several million dollars online, then sending it to an unknown location. He decides to gamble what money he has left in the hope of getting enough to pay back the debts. On his way to the casino, he meets a pink-socked assassin whom he fears may have been sent to kill him. Fortunately, it seems Eddie is not the man's current target.

When gambling the last of his money, Eddie wins — thanks to mimicking the gambling decisions of a man who looks uncannily like himself — but the casino closes down after losing all its money to the other man. Eddie discovers that this man, Charles Perry Gordon, is due to leave on the Willflower but doesn't want to go now that he was won such a vast fortune. Ramifications for the rest of his family mean Gordon cannot refuse to leave, so he offers Eddie his onboard credentials to go in his place. Eddie successfully smuggles himself onto the ship. As Gordon's job is the community planner, Eddie reads the plans to learn more about his job and discovers that the man he is replacing has enforced a fascist, totalitarian system: crew members are paired for life before they are even born, and jobs — even unpleasant ones such as prostitution — are inherited. However, shortly after the ship sets off he is murdered by an unknown assailant.

The story then jumps forward several generations. Eddie is revived as a cyborg with only his head and spinal column remaining of his original body, and trapped forever in a jar of green slime. (Even worse, the nerve endings are incorrectly wired, so that, for example, he moves his right arm when trying to move his left foot.) He finds himself on a ship full of idiots and that is something wrong with the ship; all but one of its engines are gone and it has only 20% of its maneuvering thrusters. The ship needs to land soon, but only three planets are available: Thrrrppp, which is the most habitable but with no way for the ship to enter orbit; Penis, which the ship has a 50% chance of docking with but is covered in volcanoes; and Panties, which is totally hostile but has a 90% chance of docking. As the only intelligent life form on board it is up to him to find out what is happening.

As he explores the ship, he meets more of the ship's mentally diminished crew, none of whom have even the slightest ability to perform their jobs. He is puzzled by this as well as the fact that the ship, which has been shown to be able to self-repair if it takes damage, has not done so. The ship is also on a collision course with a massive gas giant that does not appear on the radar system. Eddie decides to cause the nuclear-powered escape pod to self-destruct in the hope that the explosion will force the ship towards planet Thrrrppp. This fails when the less-than-moral priest steals the pod — accompanied by some of the ship's prostitutes to help him 'rebuild' human society — and destroys the remaining engines in the process.

Eddie encounters the assassin from the beginning of the novel, who was revived in another survival suit but driven completely insane by the process, and is now a homicidal maniac. Before he can harm Eddie, however, the ship kills him. It then talks to Eddie and reveals what has been happening. Its internal self-repair systems, it transpires, were also capable of self-modification, eventually becoming self-aware. Realizing the madness that the original community plans had instigated, it allowed the crew members to become illiterate to erase all memory of the old system. It has also gained the ability to time travel into the past, where it can affect electronics, but not take a physical form. The ship had selected Eddie to take charge of the crew as he was the only person with sufficiently low self-esteem to survive the cybernetic revival system; the sheer horror of the suit would have driven anyone else insane, but Eddie expected so little out of life that he actually came through the process as a better person. The ship caused Eddie's computer to steal the money (prompting the series of events that caused Eddie to arrive on the ship). The Willflower then repairs itself and flies to the planet Thrrrppp.

Characters

 * Eddie O'Hare : An accountant posing as a community planner and, a few generations later, mistaken for a doctor and resurrected in an egg-like robot suit with nerve endings incorrectly connected (to the extent that the nerves controlling his new body's right hand should control a muscle in his anus). He believes himself to be the unluckiest man ever (and in the words of the novel: "bluntly, he's got a damn point"). Despite the contempt with which he is regarded, the rest of the crew come to subconsciously see him as a leader.
 * Paolo San Pablos : A hitman with a penchant for pink socks. A homicidal maniac, allegedly known to resort to spree murder as an anti-boredom device, he stowed away on the Willflower to kill Eddie as part of a contract, but was caught and put in suspended animation before he was revived. The revival procedure caused him to go insane, brutally disembowelling several people before the ship neutralises him.
 * Bernadette Oslo : A member of the Willflower's crew; although her precise role on the ship is unclear, her nagging familiarity to Eddie, coupled with his asexual fondness for her, suggests that she may be his own descendant.
 * Father Lewis : The ship's priest, although, by his own admission, his career is difficult due to his atheism (jobs are inherited, preventing him from changing roles). A fan of pornography, he possesses several video tapes of the women's shower room. He has installed a network of cameras throughout the ship, partly to gain more pornographic material but also to spy on people. He is not above blackmailing people with these images. Towards the end of the novel, he escapes the Willflower in the one remaining functional escape pod, taking the ship's prostitutes with him.
 * Styx : Clones of the original security chief. Incredibly stupid, mainly due to the mental deterioration involved in every new batch of drones (they are described in the blurb as "having the mental agility of pond life"), most people simply treat the drones as equipment, with Eddie being the sole exception. Each Styx drone has a letter branded on his forehead and a name beginning with this letter to distinguish between them. The Styx drones are dangerously enthusiastic about their jobs, with one drone even accidentally killing himself by firing his laser rifle at a door on the maximum power setting at point blank range.
 * Trinity Peck : The Willflower's science officer, who unfortunately, is in fact a religious fanatic who reacts to danger by beating herself with a whip while naked to punish herself for not noticing the problem earlier. She regards Eddie as an agent of the Devil.
 * Captain Gwent : A spotty teenager who names planets after bodily functions and parts (specifically, "Thrrrppp", "Penis", "Panties", and "Jockstrap") and appears totally unconcerned about the fact that he is meant to be in charge of the mission (his father died under unspecified circumstances shortly before Eddie's revival). He is totally incompetent as a leader, but nobody seems to try to remove him from power, mainly because jobs are inherited and nobody knows who is meant to take the captain's place in this situation.
 * Captain Berwick Gwent : The original captain of the mission. Refers to himself as "Community Director", speaks ridiculously loudly and makes "jokes" in Latin. In terms of age, he is described as either "a well preserved sixty or a gone to seed forty with inadequate access to hair dye".
 * Amalgam Willard-Walters aka The Professors: Two bitter rivals whose minds have been merged into one body. They have been put in cryogenic storage, as they have been constantly arguing and attempting to commit suicide.

Reception
Received initial very well by the SciFi buying public the novel continued to sell strongly into following years. By March 2002 it had sold more than 22,500 copies.

title: Colony (Grant novel)


text:
Neurogenic placode

A neurogenic placode is an area of thickening of the epithelium in the embryonic head ectoderm layer that gives rise to neurons and other structures of the sensory nervous system.

Placodes are embryonic structures that give rise to structures such as hair follicles, feathers and teeth. The term "neurogenic placode" generally refers to cranial placodes that have neurogenic potential - i.e. those that give rise to neurons associated with the special senses and cranial ganglia. Cranial placodes include a diverse range of structures found across chordates, but the neurogenic placodes found in vertebrates arose later in evolution.

In humans
The cranial placodes that have neurogenic potential (i.e. give rise to neurons) can be divided into two groups, the dorsolateral placodes and the epibranchial placodes.
 * dorsolateral placodes includes:
 * The trigeminal placode, which consists of ophthalmic and maxillomandibular parts, and gives rise to the cells of the trigeminal ganglion
 * The otic placode forms the otic pit and the otic vesicle, giving rise eventually to organs of hearing and equilibrium.
 * The epibranchial or epipharyngeal placodes generate the distal portion of the ganglia of cranial nerves VII, IX and X:
 * The geniculate placode, associated with the first pharyngeal groove, generates the geniculate ganglion and distal parts of cranial nerve VII
 * The petrosal placode, associated with the second pharyngeal groove, generates the inferior ganglion of glossopharyngeal nerve and distal parts of cranial nerve IX
 * The nodosal placode, associated with the third branchial cleft, generates the nodose ganglion and distal parts of cranial nerve X
 * The olfactory placode (or nasal placode) gives rise to the olfactory epithelium of the nose.
 * The cranial placodes that do not give rise to neurons are:
 * The lens placode under the direction of the optic vesicle gives rise to the lens of the eye.
 * The adenohypophyseal placode, which forms the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.

Other animals

 * The profundal placode, corresponding to the ophthalmic lobe of the trigeminal complex. In Xenopus, this remains partly unfused.
 * In fish and larval amphibians, the lateral line placodes, which give rise to the lateral line system.
 * The hypobranchial placodes, a neurogenic placode found in some amphibians of unknown function

Other ectodermal placodes
The term placode or ectodermal placode is sometimes used to refer specifically to cranial or neurogenic placodes, but is also used for areas of the ectoderm that give rise to structures such as mammary glands, feathers and hair.

title: Neurogenic placode


text:
Talk:Christopher Tunnard

Copyvio?
The copyvio page has become mammoth, so I won't bother shopping it - but unless the poster has permission, this page needs major rewrite to avoid copyright violation re gardenvisit.com. Tearlach 01:01, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Done. Gordonofcartoon 19:41, 15 July 2007 (UTC)

LGBT
See http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3804066/Secret-bedroom-allowed-star-architect-gay-lover-stay-closet-main-attraction-newly-recognised-modernist-masterpiece-house.html — Preceding unsigned comment added by 109.66.15.27 (talk) 18:55, 23 September 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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Talk:Gilbert Lani Kauhi

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title: Talk:Gilbert Lani Kauhi


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Fiordland College

Fiordland College is a co-educational state secondary school for years 7–13 students. It is one of the two schools in Te Anau, New Zealand. Te Anau is situated on the shores of Lake Te Anau, at the gateway to New Zealand's largest National Park - Fiordland National Park. Fiordland College is very involved in environmental education. It has been involved in the Kids Restore the Kepler project for a number of years. Through this, students are offered a vast range of opportunities including wildlife encounters, conservation projects and personal developments opportunities. Fiordland College also has a range of successful sport teams such as netball, rugby, field hockey, and kī-o-rahi.

title: Fiordland College


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Norjumtandh

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete -- Joolz 17:21, 10 September 2005 (UTC)

Norjumtandh
15 Goggles (incl about 14 mirrors). Non-verifiable, nn, poss hoax?? --Doc (?) 01:05, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. non relevamt --SunnyD 01:21, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Abstain - The article needs to provide a link to a reliable source to reference the information detailed within the article. UniReb 11:25, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep/Merge - Merge it into some article dealing with Norse mythology. UniReb 18:38, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - I can't be too sure of the one possibly-reliable source that I found about this topic. I probably should have played it safe since the beginning. Sorry! It deserves a delete for now... and possibly for good... ! UniReb 19:20, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - unverifiable. Jll 08:13, 5 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: Category:U.S. television producers

title: Category:U.S. television producers


text:
Talk:Weber Thesis

Untitled
Weber's thesis, from my understanding, is economic rather than social. It has much to do with the founding of the idea of capitalism. Am I wrong? What is this page? It is misleading to me.
 * This page was apparently merged from Monopoly on the legitimate use of physical force, a name which had the virtue of being precise. Since Weber had more than one thesis, it's not clear on what basis the current article name ("Weber's Thesis") was chosen. Rd232 12:32, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

Requested move
The article is misnamed. Weber's thesis is his assertion that Protestantism was a principal cause of capitalism, not his theory of the state. There is already an article on "The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism" summarizing his thesis. So the Weber's Thesis article needs to be moved to "Weber's theory of the state", but the redirect from Weber's Thesis should go not to "Weber's theory of the state" but to the existing article about "The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism"

-

 * Support ~ Jeremy J. Shapiro 15:23, 16 November 2005 (UTC)

Moved article content
This is to indicate that on November 17 I redirected this article to the article on "The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism" and created a new article, "Weber's theory of the state", containing the prior content of this article. Jeremy J. Shapiro 14:03, 17 November 2005 (UTC)
 * I've undone those changes because (a) a copy-paste move loses the page history, which we need to keep; and (b) it's not clear that "Weber's theory of the state" is the right title for the article. Once it's agreed what this article be called, it should be moved using the Move button, which moves the page history to the new location. The move will turn Weber's Thesis into a redirect with no history, which can then be edited as appropriate. Rd232 talk 14:24, 17 November 2005 (UTC)
 * I suggest "monopoly on the legitimate use of physical force", whilst inelegant, is more accurate than "Weber's theory of the state": the article isn't that much about Weber's work specifically, and it's not just his theory either. As for Weber's Thesis, Weber had a number of theses, and whilst the Protestant Ethic one may be the most well-known, a disambiguation page may be appropriate. Rd232 talk 14:24, 17 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Sorry if I've confused things. I had so much anxiety about "Weber's thesis" appearing in public on the Internet as the name of his idea that the state is the monopoly of the use of force/violence in a particular territory that I thought I could solve the problem in the way I did, and moved the current contents of the relevant articles around without paying attention to the histories.  I certainly agree that in the "Weber's theory of the state" article there is a lot more stuff than about Weber specifically, although it is fundamentally about his idea, so it didn't seem inappropriate to me to put it there.  In any case, I believe that the only current usage for the phrase "the Weber thesis" (and I've never even seen any reference to "Weber's thesis", just to "the Weber thesis") is to his idea about Protestantis and capitalism, because it's part of a controversy with more Marxian theories about the origin of capitalism, and there is a controversy about this involving R. H. Tawney and various other social and economic historians..  Yes, Weber had ideas about many subjects, but I don't think you'll ever find references to them as "Weber's thesis" or "Weber's theses", but are usually referred to by such terms as "Weber's theory of authority", "Weber's theory of bureaucracy", "Weber's definition of bureacracy", and so on.  If you even do a Google search on "Weber thesis", you will see that "the Weber thesis" is what comes up, and it's always in the context of Protestantism and capitalism.  Anyway, I see that I should have left my original request in the hands of administrators to make the appropriate move.  Jeremy J. Shapiro 15:34, 17 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Well perhaps a redirect of Weber's Thesis to Protestant Ethic is right; but where should the current material be moved to? It was previously at "monopoly on the legitimate use of physical force", so why not move it back? I don't really mind, though - Weber's theory of the state is oK; anyone else have an opinion? Rd232 talk 23:53, 17 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Weber had various thesis. monopoly on the legitimate use of physical force is lot better because lot more precise, and beside, the expression has entered common use, at least in political philosophy, and can therefore be applied to other works than Weber (for example, Hobbes's social contract). Santa Sangre 16:11, 3 February 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Weber Thesis


text:
Matt Brown (American politician)

Matthew A. Brown (born November 15, 1969) is an American attorney, activist, and politician who served as secretary of state of Rhode Island from 2003 to 2007. Brown was a Democratic candidate for governor of Rhode Island in the 2018 election.

Alongside Bruce G. Blair, Brown co-founded Global Zero, a non-profit international initiative for the phased, verified elimination of all nuclear weapons worldwide. He previously served as executive director of the Rhode Island branch of City Year.

Early life and education
Brown was born in Bethesda, Maryland, and raised in Providence, Rhode Island. He graduated from Moses Brown School in Providence and from Columbia University in 1993. He received his Juris Doctor from Yale Law School in 2001.

Career
In 1993, Brown helped to start City Year in Rhode Island, the first expansion site of the model national service program that brings together diverse young adults ages 17–24 for a year of full-time community service and leadership development. From 1995-1998, Brown served as Executive Director of City Year Rhode Island.

Secretary of state of Rhode Island
At age 32, in his first campaign for public office, Brown defeated the incumbent Secretary of State in the Democratic primary, and went on to win the general election with 68.7% of the vote.

Brown served as secretary of State of Rhode Island from 2003 to 2007. He developed Rhode Island’s first Central Voter Registration System, a computerized voter registration system ensuring accurate voter lists and he launched Motor Voter e-Registration, a first-in-the-nation electronic voter registration system. He established new lobby regulations increasing public disclosure of the links between lobbyists and elected officials and created Lobbytracker, a web-based tool making lobbyist monthly financial reports available to the public online.

2006 U.S. Senate campaign
In 2005, Brown declared his intention to run for the United States Senate in 2006, challenging incumbent Republican Senator Lincoln Chafee, but withdrew from the race and endorsed another Democratic candidate, Sheldon Whitehouse, who went on to win the general election.

Global Zero
Brown is Co-Founder, with Bruce G. Blair, of Global Zero, a non-profit international initiative for the elimination of all nuclear weapons worldwide. Since its launch in Paris in December 2008, Global Zero has grown to 300 leaders, including current and former heads of state, national security officials and military commanders, and 400,000 citizens worldwide; developed a practical step-by-step plan to eliminate nuclear weapons; launched an international student campaign with 75 campus chapters in eight countries; and produced an acclaimed documentary film, Countdown to Zero, in partnership with Lawrence Bender and Participant Media.

Gubernatorial candidacies
Brown declared his candidacy for the Democratic nomination for governor of Rhode Island in early-2018, challenging incumbent Democrat Gina Raimondo. Brown received the endorsement of several progressive organizations, including Justice Democrats, Bernie Sanders-affiliated organization Our Revolution, and the Progressive Democrats of America. Brown also received support from Senator Lincoln Chafee (whom Brown had once sought to challenge), former NARAL president Kate Michelman, and feminist activist Gloria Steinem. Brown lost the primary to Raimondo.

Brown has announced his intention to run for governor in the 2022 gubernatorial election.

title: Matt Brown (American politician)