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Southwell Minster

Southwell Minster, strictly since 1884 Southwell Cathedral, and formally the Cathedral and Parish Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary, is a Church of England cathedral in Southwell, Nottinghamshire, England. The cathedral is the seat of the bishop of Southwell and Nottingham and the mother church of the diocese of Southwell and Nottingham; it is governed by a dean and chapter. It is a grade I listed building.

The current church is the successor to one built in 956 by Oscytel, archbishop of York. Some late eleventh century fabric survives from this church, but the majority of the building dates from between 1108 and c. 1150, when it was reconstructed in the Romanesque style. The chancel was rebuilt from 1234 to 1251 in the Early English Gothic style. In 1288 the chapter house was built; it is decorated with carved foliage of exceptional quality. The minster's rood screen is also of high quality.

During the Middle Ages Southwell was part of the large diocese of York, and the archbishop maintained a palace adjacent to the minster. Although it was not a cathedral, the minster acted as the mother church of the surrounding area; Ripon Cathedral and Beverley Minster fulfilled a similar function in other parts of the diocese. The church was collegiate from its foundation until 1841, although the college was twice dissolved and re-founded during the English Reformation. It was a parish church from 1841 until 1884, when it became the cathedral of a new diocese covering Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire; in 1927 the diocese was divided by the creation of the Diocese of Derby.

Middle Ages
The earliest church on the site is believed to have been founded in 627 by Paulinus, the first Archbishop of York, when he visited the area while baptising believers in the River Trent. The legend is commemorated in the Minster's baptistry window.

In 956 King Eadwig gave land in Southwell to Oskytel, Archbishop of York, on which a minster church was established. The Domesday Book of 1086 recorded the Southwell manor in great detail. The Norman reconstruction of the church began in 1108, probably as a rebuilding of the Anglo-Saxon church, starting at the east end so that the high altar could be used as soon as possible and the Saxon building was dismantled as work progressed. Many stones from this earlier Anglo-Saxon church were reused in the construction. The tessellated floor and late 11th century tympanum in the north transept are the only parts of the Anglo-Saxon building remaining intact. Work on the nave began after 1120 and the church was completed by c.1150.

The church was originally attached to the Archbishop of York's Palace which stood next door and is now ruined. It served the archbishop as a place of worship and was a collegiate body of theological learning, hence its designation as a minster. The minster draws its choir from the nearby school with which it is associated.

The Norman chancel was square-ended. For a plan of the original church see Clapham (1936). The chancel was replaced with another in the Early English style in 1234–51 because it was too small. The octagonal chapter house, built starting in 1288 with a vault in the Decorated Gothic style has naturalistic carvings of foliage (the 13th-century stonecarving includes several Green Men). The elaborately carved "pulpitum" or choir screen was built in 1320–40.

Reformation and civil war
The church suffered less than many others in the English Reformation as it was refounded in 1543 by Act of Parliament.

Southwell is where Charles I surrendered to Scottish Presbyterian troops in 1646 during the English Civil War, after the third siege of Newark. The fighting saw the church seriously damaged and the nave is said to have been used as stabling. The adjoining palace was almost completely destroyed, first by Scottish troops and then by the local people, with only the Hall of the Archbishop remaining as a ruined shell.

18th century
On 5 November 1711 the southwest spire was struck by lightning, and the resulting fire spread to the nave, crossing and tower destroying roofs, bells, clock and organ. By 1720 repairs had been completed, now giving a flat panelled ceiling to the nave and transepts.

Victorian
In 1805 Archdeacon Kaye gave the Minster the Newstead lectern; once owned by Newstead Abbey, it had been thrown into the abbey fishpond by the monks to save it during the Dissolution of the Monasteries, then later discovered when the lake was dredged. Henry Gally Knight in 1818 gave the Minster four panels of 16th century Flemish glass (which now fill the bottom part of the East window) which he had acquired from a Parisian pawnshop.

In danger of collapse, the spires were removed in 1805 and re-erected in 1879–81 when the minster was extensively restored by Ewan Christian, an architect specialising in churches. The nave roof was replaced with a pitched roof and the quire was redesigned and refitted.

Collegiate church
Southwell Minster was served by prebendaries from the early days of its foundation. By 1291 there were 16 Prebends of Southwell mentioned in the Taxation Roll.

In August 1540, as the dissolution of the monasteries was coming to an end, and despite its collegiate rather than monastic status, Southwell Minster was suppressed specifically in order that it could be included in the plans initiated by King Henry VIII to create several new cathedrals. It appears to have been proposed as the see for a new diocese comprising Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire, as a replacement for Welbeck Abbey which had been dissolved in 1538 and which by 1540 was no longer owned by the Crown.

The plan for the minster's elevation did not proceed, so in 1543 Parliament reconstituted its collegiate status as before. In 1548 it again lost its collegiate status under the 1547 Act of King Edward VI which suppressed (among others) almost all collegiate churches: at Southwell the prebendaries were given pensions and the estates sold, while the church continued as the parish church on the petitions of the parishioners.

By an Act of Philip and Mary in 1557, the minster and its prebends were restored. In 1579 a set of statutes was promulgated by Queen Elizabeth I and the chapter operated under this constitution until it was dissolved in 1841. The Ecclesiastical Commissioners made provision for the abolition of the chapter as a whole; the death of each canon after this time resulted in the extinction of his prebend. The chapter came to its appointed end on 12 February 1873 with the death of Thomas Henry Shepherd, rector of Clayworth and prebendary of Beckingham.

Cathedral
Despite the August 1540 plans to make Southwell Minster a cathedral not initially coming to fruition at the time, in 1884, 344 years later, Southwell Minster became a cathedral proper for Nottinghamshire and a part of Derbyshire including the city of Derby. The diocese was divided in 1927 and the Diocese of Derby was formed. The diocese's centenary was commemorated by a royal visit to distribute Maundy money. George Ridding, the first Bishop of Southwell, designed and paid for the grant of Arms now used as the diocesan coat of arms.

Architecture
The nave, transepts, central tower and two western towers of the Norman church which replaced the Anglo-Saxon minster remain as an outstanding achievement of severe Romanesque design. With the exception of fragments mentioned above, they are the oldest part of the existing church.

The nave is of seven bays, plus a separated western bay. The columns of the arcade are short and circular, with small scalloped capitals. The triforium has a single large arch in each bay. The clerestory has small round-headed windows. The external window openings are circular. There is a tunnel-vaulted passage between the inside and outside window openings of the clerestory. The nave aisles are vaulted, the main roof of the nave is a trussed rafter roof, with tie-beams between each bay – a late 19th century replacement.

By contrast with the nave arcade, the arches of the crossing are tall, rising to nearly the full height of the nave walls. The capitals of the east crossing piers depict scenes from the life of Jesus. Two stages of the inside of the central tower can be seen at the crossing, with cable and wave decoration on the lower order and zigzag on the upper. The transepts have three stories with semi-circular arches, like the nave, but without aisles.

The western facade has pyramidal spires on its towers – a unique feature today, though common in the 12th century. The existing spires date only from 1880, but they replace those destroyed by fire in 1711, which are documented in old illustrations. The large west window dates from the 15th century. The central tower's two ornamental stages place it high among England's surviving Norman towers. The lower order has intersecting arches, the upper order plain arches. The north porch has a tunnel vault, and is decorated with intersecting arches.

The choir is Early English in style, and was completed in 1241. It has transepts, thus separating the choir into a western and eastern arm. The choir is of two storeys, with no gallery or triforium. The lower storey has clustered columns with multiform pointed arches, the upper storey has twin lancet arches in each bay. The rib vault of the choir springs from clustered shafts which rest on corbels. The vault has ridge ribs. The square east end of the choir has two stories each of four lancet windows.

In the 14th century the chapter house and the choir screen were added. The chapter house, started in 1288, is in an early decorated style, octagonal, with no central pier. It is reached from the choir by a passage and vestibule, through an entrance portal. This portal has five orders, and is divided by a central shaft into two subsidiary arches with a circle with quatrefoil above. Inside the chapter house, the stalls fill the octagonal wall sections, each separated by a single shaft with a triangular canopy above. The windows are of three lights, above them two circles with trefoils and above that a single circle with quatrefoil. This straightforward description gives no indication of the glorious impression, noted by so many writers, of the elegant proportions of the space, and of the profusion (in vestibule and passage, not just in the chapter house) of exquisitely carved capitals and tympana, mostly representing leaves in a highly naturalistic and detailed representation. The capitals in particular are deeply undercut, adding to the feeling of realism. Individual plant species such as ivy, maple, oak, hop, hawthorn can often be identified. The botanist Albert Seward published a detailed description of the carvings and their identification in 1935 and Nikolaus Pevsner wrote the classic description entitled The Leaves of Southwell, with photographs by Frederick Attenborough, in 1945.

The rood screen dates from 1320 to 1340, and is an outstanding example of the Decorated style. It has an east and west facade, separated by a vaulted space with flying ribs. The east facade, of two storeys, is particularly richly decorated, with niches on the lower storey with ogee arches, and openwork gables on the upper storey. The central archway rises higher than the lower storey, with an ogee arch surmounted by a cusped gable.

The finest memorial in the minster is the alabaster tomb of Edwin Sandys, Archbishop of York (died 1588).

Dean and chapter

 * Dean — Nicola Sullivan (since 17 September 2016 installation)
 * Canon Chancellor – position vacant
 * Canon Precentor – Richard Frith (since 8 September 2019)
 * Canon Missioner – Paul Rattigan (since 22 January 2022)
 * Canon Missioner – Paul Rattigan (since 22 January 2022)

Other clergy

 * Priest Vicar and Canon Theologian (honorary canon) — Alison Milbank
 * Priest Vicar – David McCollough
 * Priest Vicar – Erika Kirk

Lay staff

 * Rector Chori – Paul Provost
 * Assistant Director of Music – Jonathan Allsopp
 * Organ Scholar – Michael D'Avanzo
 * Head Verger – Andy McIntosh

Choirs
The Cathedral Choir

The Cathedral Choir comprises the boy choristers, girl choristers, and lay clerks who, between them, provide music for seven choral services each week during school terms. The boys and girl choristers usually sing as separate groups, combining for particularly important occasions such as Christmas and Easter services, and notable events in the life of the minster. Regular concerts and international tours are a feature of the choir’s work.

Services have been sung in Southwell Minster for centuries, and the tradition of daily choral worship continues to thrive. There was originally a college of vicars choral who took the lead as singers, one or two of whom were known as rector chori, or 'ruler of the choir'. The vicars choral lived in accommodation where Vicars Court now stands, and lived a collegiate lifestyle.

The current Cathedral Choir owes its form to the addition of boy choristers to the vicars choral, and the vicars themselves eventually being replaced by lay singers, known as lay clerks. For a large period of time, the format remained very similar – a number of boy choristers singing with a mixture of lay clerks and vicars choral, slowly becoming a group of entirely lay singers. Eventually, in 2005, a girls’ choir was started by the Assistant Director of Music, who have now been formally admitted as girl choristers.

All of the choristers are educated at the Minster School, a Church of England academy with a music-specialist Junior Department (years 3–6) for choristers and other talented young musicians.

The Cathedral Choir has recorded and broadcast extensively over the years. Regular concerts and international tours are a feature of the choir’s work, alongside more local events such as civic services and the annual Four Choirs’ Evensong together with the cathedral choirs of Derby, Leicester and Coventry.

The Minster Chorale

Southwell Minster Chorale is Southwell Minster’s auditioned adult voluntary choir, and is directed by the Minster’s Assistant Director of Music, Jonathan Allsopp. Founded in 1994, the Chorale’s purpose is to regularly sing for services, especially at times when the Cathedral Choir is not available. In particular, the Chorale sings for:

– Evening Sung Eucharists (All Souls, Epiphany, Ash Wednesday etc.)

– A full Sunday during each half term

– The Fourth Sunday of Advent, and the Fifth Sunday of Lent

– Midnight Mass on Christmas Eve

– The Chorale also sings regularly for the monthly Sunday Mattins.

In addition to its regular round of services, one of the highlights of the Chorale's year is its annual performance of Handel's Messiah in the run-up to Christmas; this concert is a staple of the Minster's Christmas programme.

The Chorale also regularly goes on tour; in recent years they have toured to the Channel Islands and the Scilly Isles. A 2020 tour to Schwerin, Germany was planned (together with Lincoln Cathedral Consort), but this was cancelled due to the Coronavirus pandemic. The Chorale also visits other cathedrals to sing services.

List of rectores chori

 * Lawrence Pepys 1499
 * George Vincent 1519
 * George Thetford 1568
 * John Mudd 1582
 * Thomas Foster 1584
 * William Colbecke 1586
 * John Beeston 1594
 * Edward Manestie 1596
 * Francis Dogson 1622
 * John Hutchinson 1628
 * Edward Chappell 1661
 * George Chappell 1690
 * William Popeley 1699
 * William Lee 1718–1754
 * Samuel Wise 1754–1755
 * Edmund Ayrton 1755–1764
 * Thomas Spofforth 1764–1818
 * Edward Heathcote 1818–1835
 * Frederick Gunton 1835–1841
 * Chappell Batchelor 1841–1857
 * Herbert Stephen Irons 1857–1872
 * Cedric Bucknall 1872–1876
 * William Weaver Ringrose 1876–1879
 * W Arthur Marriott 1879–1888
 * Robert William Liddle 1888–1918
 * Harry William Tupper 1918–1929
 * George Thomas Francis 1929–1946
 * Robert James Ashfield 1946–1956
 * David James Lumsden 1956–1959
 * Kenneth Bernard Beard 1959–1989
 * Paul Provost Apr 2017–

To see the list of organists, assistant directors of music and organ scholars, see the list of musicians at English cathedrals.

Southwell Music Festival
The minster is also home to the annual Southwell Music Festival, held in late August.

title: Southwell Minster


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Talk:Utah Grizzlies (1995–2005)

Sold to the Cleveland Cavaliers?
Heads up: http://www.cleveland.com/barons/plaindealer/index.ssf?/base/sports/1141724026168920.xml&coll=2 ccwaters 13:51, 12 March 2006 (UTC)

Cleveland team will most likely be Avalanche affiliated: http://www.denverpost.com/sports/ci_4801378 ccwaters 14:04, 8 December 2006 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Utah grizzlies ahl 200x200.png
Completed fair use rationale. Flibirigit (talk) 00:53, 22 January 2008 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Utah Grizzlies (1995–2005)


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Max Théon

Max Théon (17 November 1848 – 4 March 1927) perhaps born Louis-Maximilian Bimstein, was a Polish Jewish Kabbalist and occultist. In London while still a young man, he inspired The Hermetic Brotherhood of Luxor in 1884, but seemed to have little to do with the day-to-day running of the organisation, or indeed its actual teachings (Chanel et al., Hermetic Brotherhood of Luxor).

There is some dispute over whether Théon taught Blavatsky at some stage; Mirra Alfassa ("the Mother") in The Agenda says he did, Chanel et al. considers this unlikely, while K. Paul Johnson speculates in The Masters Revealed that the Theosophical adept Tuitit Bey might be based on Théon. The Hermetic Brotherhood of Luxor claimed to have originated in Egypt in 1870 and been brought to England by Théon in 1884.

In 1885 Théon married Mary Chrystine Woodroffe Ware (Alma Théon), and the following year the couple moved to Paris. In December 1887, the Théons left France for Algiers, where they were later joined by Alma Théon's friend Augusta Roife (Miss Teresa), and acquired a large estate in Zarif, a suburb of Tlemcen, Algeria. However Théon would still go on frequent visits to Paris.

Théon gathered a number of students, including Louis Themanlys and Charles Barlet, and they established the "Cosmic Movement". This was based on material, called the Cosmic Tradition, received or perhaps channelled by T Théon's wife. They established the journal Cosmic Review, for the "study and re-establishment of the original Tradition". Théon stated that his wife Alma was the moving spirit behind this idea, and without her the Tradition and the cosmic philosophy would never have come about.

Louis was a friend of Matteo Alfassa, the brother of Mirra Alfassa (who would later associate with Sri Aurobindo and take the title The Mother), and in 1905 or 1906 Mirra travelled to Tlemcen to study occultism under Théon (Sujata Nahar, Mirra the Occultist). Alfassa mentions that Sri Aurobindo and Théon had independently and at the same time arrived at some similar conclusions about evolution of human consciousness without having met each other. Alfassa's design of Sri Aurobindo's symbol is very similar to that of Théon's, with only small changes in the proportions of the central square (Mother's Agenda, vol 3, p. 454, dated December 15, 1962).

The death of his wife in 1908 was a huge blow to Théon, from which he never really recovered. He fell into a deep depression, and cancelled the Cosmic Movement. During this time he was cared for by his followers. He recovered somewhat but never retained his former status. Théon died at Tlemcen on 4 March 1927.

title: Max Théon


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User talk:Darrel Stadlen

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! KeithD (talk) 14:17, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
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 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
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title: User talk:Darrel Stadlen


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Kabompo

Kabompo is a town in north-western Zambia, lying on the Kabompo River with a population over 88,000 people. It is surrounded by teak forest and is home to a Roman Catholic mission. Kabompo was founded in the 1900s or even earlier than that, the district centre was first situated in Nkulwashi before it was moved to its current location. The district boasts of its significance towards its contribution to the nation's food security through Food Reserve Agency (FRA). Even in the late 60's and early 70's Kabompo was very active in agricultural activities through NAMBOARD.

Though currently the district is most significant activity is the production of honey,by arely 90's the district had active companies such as IRDP, GulF, Bee keeping and MUZAMA located in now Manyinga district. The district boasted of skills training through, Bee keeping which trained youths in harvesting of honey and production of wax from honey etc. On the other side Farmers Training College was all actively imparting young farmers with knowledge on how to produce and matain and manage agricultural products where as MUZAMA produced a lot of campeters and crafts men and women. Within the district you also find a water falls called Chikata, and water rapids at Kavinde village and Chiweza dam which is situated mubang'a area.

Kabompo House, No. J11a, Kabompo Township, to which Kenneth Kaunda (first president of post independence Zambia) was restricted by the Colonial authorities from March to July 1959 is a noted national monument.

Kabompo has six main local languages these being Lunda, Luvale, Nkoya, Luchazi, Chokwe and Mbunda. The main tradition ceremonies that take place include Lukwakwa, Mbuda Liyoyelo and Chiweka.

The district has a few recreation facilities and it has Guesthouses and Lodges that offer accommodation with other related facilities. Some of the lodges with high standards services include Chidikumbidi Lodge and Golden Jubilee Lodge. It has Finance bank (z) Ltd as the only Bank and it has a district hospital that caters for the local people as well as a police station. It has one fuel filling station that caters for the entire district and it runs out of fuel sometimes due to high demand. The major source of power is the Thermal power provided by Zesco Ltd, however, it is being connected to reliable power through the national grid. The district has no established bakeries and people rely on the small scale bakeries.

Transport
The district is accessible by a tarred road (the M8 road) that stretches from Solwezi to Chavuma and it is about 365 km from Solwezi. There is an interesting cable ferry across the Kabompo River 80 km to the south-east. There is an air strip.

Education
Kabompo district has eight major secondary schools these being Kabompo Secondary school, Chiweza Secondary School, Pokola day Secondary school, Kabulamema Secondary School, Kamashila Secondary School, Kanaji Chilanda Secondary School, Chikenge Secondary School and Kayombo Secondary school.

title: Kabompo


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Alphonse Barancira

Alphonse Barancira is a former minister for Human Rights, Constitutional Reform and Relations with the National Assembly of Burundi. He belongs to the ANADDE party. He was appointed to the post in 2001. He is a Tutsi.

title: Alphonse Barancira


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Pop rivalries

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was KEEP. -Splash 01:18, 9 September 2005 (UTC)

Pop rivalries
No content. When an article gets created, it can be kept, providing it is NPOV. Perhaps rename to Music artist rivalries if it is kept. FuriousFreddy 14:18, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * keep for now and see if it gets worked on DV8 2XL 14:44, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * rename and keep worthwhile article... can see where author is going... Roodog2k 14:52, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. Perhaps we should leave a note for the author asking him or her to expand the article within a certain timeframe. Definite potential for article noting rivalries including Blur vs Oasis. However, will reluctantly vote to delete if author doesn't expand, keep if he or she does. Capitalistroadster 02:52, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Done. --FuriousFreddy 23:27, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep As there is an article for hip-hop rivlaries, maybe there should be an article for rock rivalries too? But if not, we can include them too. Is there a timeframe you guys had in mind? OmegaWikipedia 08:24, 3 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Talk:The Damned (1969 film)

Cleanup Notice
The entry for this film reads like an academic position paper of some kind, or at least an academician's explication of the movie, rather than an encyclopedic article. I think it should be redone. It's an important, seminal film, no doubt -- but a lot of what's in this entry seems more well-suited for another context than for Wikipedia. kvltpunk

This is a great article but the entire bottom half is pretty much worded like a movie review full of opinions about the film and the actors. Looking at the history, I see the lower article was written mostly by an anon user. The bottom half needs to be cleaned up and rewritten, in my opinion. -Husnock 14:18, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for your comments on the history which I wrote. I'm in the process of cleaning it up in so far as hyperlinks are currently being added. I'm hoping to get around to adding a fuller analysis of the film itself which is currently written as together with the history it is part of a lecture I gave to my Italian cinema students. Please forgive any editing mistakes as I'm not fully familiar with all the Wiki system as yet. I didn't like the original review which dodn't cover the film in a serious way. User Mike Walford 08 Jan 2006.

 * I have now edited and added a review and analysis of the critical response to the film in English. More work is still needed on production details. Mike Walford 08 Jan 06

"Through an analysis of The Damned (1969) with some detailed comparative work ofThe Leopard (1962) this article argues that the work of Visconti is overdue critical revision. Visconti's oeuvre is highly sophisticated regarding the nature of history." Etc.

This article is a critical review, not an article for an encyclopedia. Allthough there's a lot of useful information in it, the obviously biased parts can be deleted.82.156.33.187 18:10, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

I vote for deleting most of the article and starting from scratch. The article as it is now is almost unreadable. Estrose 00:17, 22 March 2006 (UTC)

the article should start with some general information about the movie instead of launching right into an analysis all the historical background stuff could be replaced with wikilinks. none of it needs to be explained here in depth.--trueblood 07:14, 8 July 2006 (UTC)

I agree with Trueblood. A "fuller analysis of the film itself. . .is part of a lecture I gave to my Italian cinema students" might make a fascinating entry in an anthology of film criticism, but is hardly appropriate for a general-purpose encyclopedia. A Wikipedia reader should look to this entry to provide objective facts about this movie... dramatis personae and cast, production details, detailed plot outline (n.b. not analysis), etc. Your article provides none of this information, and in fact would be completely meaningless to any reader who did not already know precisely that which an appropriate encyclopedia article would tell them. Moreover, as Trueblood also points out, Wikipedia already contains detailed and largely accurate accounts of the historical events that may have been fresher/more vivid to European audiences 40 years ago than they are to most of us now. Some readers might want to understand how the violent rift between the SS and the SA came to be, while others might only care to know just enough information to distinguish them. Give them the choice. 68.72.98.25 19:45, 20 July 2007 (UTC)

WP:NPOV and WP:NOR, and more!
I basically want to agree with Trueblood's comments, and expand on them a bit.

Now, I hardly know anything about the film (I came here based on User:Trueblood's comments on Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Films), but giving the article a quick skim, it seems to me that probably 90-95% of the article needs to be dumped. Virtually the entire section labelled 'Analysis of the major critical responses in English' violates 2 of the 3 fundamental Wikipedia content policies: both WP:NPOV and WP:NOR. As for the 'Historical Background' section, because everything in Wikipedia is linked, the only historical context required are perhaps a brief summary of the events, and a quick wikilink to Hitler, or Nazism, or even the Reichstag fire and the Night of the Long Knives. It is then up to the Wikipedia reader to do their own research on the issues. (I'm sure this is in accordance with official Wikipedia policy, I'm just not sure the specific relevant policy right now.)

Personally, I would recommend blanking the entire article (minus the infobox) and starting over. But, not really knowing much about the movie, I don't feel confident enough to do this, and so I leave it up to someone who actually knows about the film, and thus might be better equipped to say what in the article should actually stay. --Gpollock 08:29, 8 July 2006 (UTC)

Sidenote: I was looking at the history of the article, to see if a simple revert might be all we need, but the versions before the historical context and analysis stuff contain little more than a plot desription lifted from IMDb.com. It's apparently reproduced with permission, but I'm not sure whether or not it would count as a reliable source. My recommendation remains starting over and rewriting the article bascially from scratch. --Gpollock 08:36, 8 July 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Damned (1969 film)


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CHARGE syndrome

CHARGE syndrome (formerly known as CHARGE association) is a rare syndrome caused by a genetic disorder. First described in 1979, the acronym "CHARGE" came into use for newborn children with the congenital features of coloboma of the eye, heart defects, atresia of the nasal choanae, restricted growth and/or development, genital and/or urinary abnormalities, and ear abnormalities and deafness. These features are no longer used in making a diagnosis of CHARGE syndrome, but the name remains. About two thirds of cases are due to a CHD7 mutation. CHARGE syndrome occurs only in 0.1–1.2 per 10,000 live births; as of 2009, it was the leading cause of congenital deafblindness in the US.

Genetics
CHARGE syndrome was formerly referred to as CHARGE association, which indicates a non-random pattern of congenital anomalies that occurs together more frequently than one would expect on the basis of chance, but for which a common cause has not been identified. Very few people with CHARGE will have 100% of its known features. In 2004, mutations on the CHD7 gene (located on Chromosome 8) were found in 10 of 17 patients in the Netherlands, making CHARGE an official syndrome. A 2006 US study of 110 individuals with CHARGE syndrome showed that 60% of those tested had a mutation of the CHD7 gene.

In 2010, a review of 379 clinically diagnosed cases of CHARGE syndrome, in which CHD7 mutation testing was undertaken found that 67% of cases were due to a CHD7 mutation.

Diagnosis
The diagnosis of CHARGE syndrome is often difficult, because it is rare. The syndrome spans many disciplines, and as such, the symptoms may be recognized by a pediatrician, family medicine physician, oral and maxillofacial surgeon, ENT specialist, ophthalmologist, endocrinologist, cardiologist, urologist, developmental specialist, radiologist, geneticist, physiotherapist, occupational therapist, speech therapist, or orthopedic specialist.

Signs
Although genetic testing positively identifies nearly two thirds of children with CHARGE syndrome, diagnosis is still largely clinical. The following signs were originally identified in children with this syndrome, but are no longer used to make the diagnosis alone.
 * C – Coloboma of the eye, central nervous system anomalies
 * H – Heart defects
 * A – Atresia of the choanae
 * R – Restricted growth and/or development
 * G – Genital and/or urinary defects (hypogonadism, undescended testicles, besides hypospadias)
 * E – Ear anomalies and/or deafness and abnormally bowl-shaped and concave ears, known as "lop ears".

Genetic testing
Genetic testing for CHARGE syndrome involves specific genetic testing for the CHD7 gene. The test is available at most major genetic testing laboratories. Insurance companies sometimes do not pay for such genetic tests, though this is changing rapidly as genetic testing is becoming standard across all aspects of medicine. CHARGE syndrome is a clinical diagnosis, which means genetic testing is not required in order to make the diagnosis. Rather, the diagnosis can be made based on clinical features alone.

Screening other organ systems
Once the diagnosis is made based on clinical signs, it is important to investigate other body systems that may be involved. For example, if the diagnosis is made based on the abnormal appearance of the ears and developmental delay, it is important to check the child's hearing, vision, heart, nose, and urogenital system. Ideally, every child newly diagnosed with CHARGE syndrome should have a complete evaluation by an ENT specialist, audiologist, ophthalmologist, pediatric cardiologist, developmental therapist, and pediatric urologist.

Recent research led by Yu Liang from Shijiazhuang Fourth Hospital and Sijie He from BGI Genomics, highlighted the use of prenatal ultrasound to detect CHARGE syndrome. Key findings indicated the difficulty in diagnosing CHARGE syndrome without genetic testing, as mutations in the CHD7 gene are not always listed in public databases. and predicted to be deleterious by CADD and MutationTaster.

Phenotypic variability further complicates diagnosis, with no clear correlation between mutation severity and clinical presentation. Trio-WES analysis confirmed a de novo mutation in the newborn, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis for effective management. The study underscores the significance of early prenatal diagnosis through ultrasound examinations and specialized genetic testing. This approach facilitates timely interventions and enhances understanding of rare genetic conditions, improving diagnostic protocols for CHARGE syndrome and similar disorders.

Treatment
Children with CHARGE syndrome may have a number of life-threatening medical conditions; with advances in medical care, these children can survive and can thrive with the support of a multidisciplinary team of medical professionals. Therapies and education must take into consideration hearing impairment, vision problems, and any others. Early intervention, such as occupational, speech-language, and physical therapy, to improve static posture, ambulation, and self-care skills is important. The intelligence of children with multiple health impairments, such as combined deafblindness, can be underestimated in the absence of early intervention.

Education
Children with CHARGE syndrome will vary greatly in their abilities in the classroom: some may need little support, while some may require full-time support and individualized programs. Taking each of the various affected body systems into account is vital to the success of the child in the educational setting.

An important step in dealing with abnormal behavior is understanding why it is occurring and helping the child learn more appropriate methods of communicating.

Epidemiology
The incidence is estimated to range from 0.1 to 1.2 per 10,000 live births, though the true incidence is unknown. As of 2005, the highest prevalence was found in Canada and estimated at 1 in 8,500 live births.

History
B.D. Hall first described the CHARGE association in a 1979 journal paper of about 17 children who had been born with choanal atresia. During the same year, H.M. Hittner described 10 children who had choanal atresia as well as coloboma, congenital heart defect, and hearing loss. Using both coloboma or choanal atresia and some of the other related characteristic malformations, R. A. Pagon first coined the acronym CHARGE in 1981 to emphasize that this cluster of associated malformations occurred together. It came to be recognised as a syndrome within the umbrella of the CHARGE association, a set of apparently random signs occurring together. Since the signs seen in CHARGE are caused by a genetic anomaly, its name was eventually changed to 'CHARGE syndrome'.

The CHARGE Syndrome Foundation, formally incorporated in 1993, is a US-based organization for individuals with CHARGE syndrome, families, researchers, and clinicians to further research and scientific knowledge about CHARGE Syndrome. The Foundation holds a biennial international conference that was first held in 1993.

title: CHARGE syndrome


text:
Neil Primrose (musician)

Neil Primrose (born 20 February 1972) is the drummer of the Scottish rock quartet Travis.

Biography
Primrose was born in Cumbernauld. His father, a power station engineer, was posted to Middlesbrough, and this was followed by a series of moves across the northeast of England during the first ten years of Primrose's life. At the age of 15 in high school in Glasgow he was playing drums with friends in local bands. From the age of 17, the next step was going for as many auditions as possible and looking for like-minded players to form a group.

This led to his joining the band Glass Onion with Andy Dunlop along with brothers Chris and Geoff Martyn in the early 1990s. After years of touring and looking for success, the line-up changed with Fran Healy eventually joining the line-up and the group then splitting with the Martyn brothers and bringing Dougie Payne in for bass guitar. Eventually, the name for the band was changed to Travis.

Unlike the other three members of the band, Primrose was not a student at the Glasgow School of Art instead working various jobs and studying Computer Science for a pre-degree course. Initially, Travis rehearsed in The Horse Shoe Bar where Primrose and Healy had met for the first time. The material for their first two albums was, in part, written and refined here. Travis moved to London in late spring 1996 and lived, rehearsed and toured from their North London base for many years.

Travis' début album Good Feeling was released in 1997 with positive review, but lukewarm performance in the charts. Their 1999 follow-up, The Man Who, proved to be far more successful, selling millions of copies worldwide, shortly followed by The Invisible Band in 2001. During this period, Travis had several UK hit singles, including Sing and Why Does It Always Rain On Me?.

Before the recording of Travis' fourth album, 12 Memories, Primrose suffered a life-threatening spine injury while he was swimming on holiday in France. This led to the cancellation of several subsequent tour dates – most significantly a headline slot at V Festival. Primrose made a full recovery and was back on stage and recording with the band within months – including Isle of Wight Festival and Live 8 in 2005. As of 2021, Travis have released six more albums and continue to tour worldwide.

Primrose has played drums on the Canadian musician Ron Sexsmith's seventh album Retriever and other individual album tracks, along with albums by Jamie Scott, Yusaf Islam, Magne F and Cyril Paulus. In Scotland, Primrose plays with the MOVE Project along with various artists on the Wild Biscuit label.

Personal life
Primrose is married to Esther, and has two daughters.

In 2007, Primrose gained his first racing licence and has since driven in many racing events including the Classic Le Mans series and the SPA 25Hr FunCup.

title: Neil Primrose (musician)


text:
Cavalier tank

The Tank, Cruiser, Mk VII Cavalier (A24) was an interim design of British cruiser tank during the Second World War.

It was derived as a follow on from the Nuffield's A15 Crusader tank as it was expected to enter production in 1942. A parallel effort under Leyland Motors and Birmingham Railway Carriage and Wagon Company to the same specification resulted in the A27 Cromwell and Centaur tanks which was accepted for service in preference to the Cavalier.

Early Development
Development of the Cavalier initially started as development of the Cromwell tank. In mid-1940, the British were considering which tank should follow on from the new cruiser tanks then being developed. A specification was drawn up by the Directorate of Tanks and Transport which included the 57 mm QF 6 pounder gun. This led to General Staff specification A23 for a cruiser version of the A22 Churchill tank from Vauxhall, and A24 from Nuffield Mechanization & Aero Limited based upon their Crusader tank design. Birmingham Railway Carriage and Wagon Company (BRC&W) also submitted a design based on the Crusader.

The Nuffield design used an uprated -410 hp- Liberty engine which was expected to give a top speed of 24 mph. Armour would be from 63 to 70 mm at the front, and the 6 pounder gun would be in a turret on a 60 in turret ring.

The Tank Board meeting in January 1941 decided that as the tank needed to be in production by early 1942 it should be based upon an existing design to avoid the need for prototypes. Six tanks of the A24 Nuffield design were ordered that month, and the tank was given the name "Cromwell".

Separation from Cromwell
Rolls-Royce's design team, working with Leyland's engineers, produced the Meteor engine from their Merlin aero-engine. This gave a higher output than the Liberty for a similar size. Initially intended to be fitted to the A24, the new engine was not acceptable to Nuffield.

Working with Rolls-Royce and Leyland, BRC&W were able to produce a prototype of their version of the Cromwell design using the Meteor. This spawned a new specification for Cromwell, A27, using a new Leyland transmission. Leyland later had doubts about the Meteor and wanted to manufacture the Liberty instead, splitting the Cromwell programme further into A24, A27L, and A27M (the latter two denoting Liberty and Meteor engines)

The General staff specifications now covered three tanks: A24 "Cromwell I" from Nuffield, A27L (Liberty engine) "Cromwell II" from Leyland and A27M (Meteor engine) "Cromwell III".

To avoid confusion Cromwell I was renamed "Cavalier". The Cromwell II become "Centaur" and the Cromwell III remained as the "Cromwell".

Production and design efforts separated from A27, and Cavalier became a separate tank.

Production
At the end of 1941, it was decided production of the Nuffield design would be by Nuffield and Ruston and Hornsby. The schedule had already slipped due to work on other projects and work to fit the 6-pounder to the Crusader tank. The first tank began trials in March 1942. Production versions of the Cromwell delivered first, and provided greater performance than the Cavalier. Cavalier was judged unsatisfactory and the Nuffield order was reduced to 500 tanks. It never entered front-line service.

Design
Internally, the Cavalier was subdivided by bulkheads, which also functioned as structural members. The driver and hull gunner were in the front compartment, the fighting compartment was in the centre. The bulkhead behind the fighting compartment was the firewall from the engine, a Liberty Mark IV, and the final bulkhead separated the engine from the transmission.

Mechanically, the Cavalier was similar to the preceding Crusader tank, using Wilson steering and the Liberty engine. The newer Liberty Mark IV gave more power than the one in the Crusader. The operation of the steering brakes and gear changing remained pneumatic.

Outwardly, the design of Cavalier is very similar to the related Cromwell and Centaur. Cavaliers do not have the upper air intake of Cromwell, which is optional on the Centaur. Cavalier has shorter suspension arms. Cavaliers were built with hull types A and B. Exhaust exits through the hull rear plate using Crusader style angled louvres, where Cromwell and Centaur both exhaust to the vehicle top.

The Cavalier turret was a six sided boxy structure. The mantlet was internal with a large opening in the front of the turret for the gun barrel, the coaxial Besa machine gun and the aperture of the No. 39 telescopic sight. The gun was of the "free elevation" type; the gun was balanced such that it could be readily moved by the gunner. This fitted with British practice of firing on the move.

Service history
Those that were built were used in training or auxiliary armoured vehicle roles. At least 12 Cavaliers were provided to France in 1945, and were operated by the 12th Dragoon Regiment of the French 14th Infantry Division.

Variants

 * Cavalier OP
 * Produced in 1943. The gun was replaced with a dummy barrel freeing up room in the turret and hull for extra radios. It was then used as an artillery observation post.

 * Cavalier ARV
 * The turret was removed and an A-frame jib and associated equipment added for use as an armoured recovery vehicle.

Surviving vehicles
Only two vehicles are thought to have survived.
 * The Tank Museum, Dorset, England. Cavalier (A24), formerly on Larkhill artillery ranges. which is in a bad condition and in storage (outside) awaiting restoration.
 * – Lance Varga Collection, USA. Cavalier (A24)

title: Cavalier tank


text:
Talk:The Sea Captain

Isn't the existence of Captain McCallister's two glass eyes inconsistent? Since that episode, he still makes perfect eye contact with people and also says he has one glass eye.- JustPhil 14:20, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * It was added here by an anonymous user--Will2k 19:39, September 1, 2005 (UTC)

Crippling depression
In the episode where Bart was a spiritual healer, Sea Captain approaches Bart and asks him to help him with his crippling depression. I think there should be some mention of this in the main article. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 207.179.149.114 (talk • contribs)
 * feel free to Be Bold! and add it yourself to the appropriate section... please make sure to cite your sources though... - Adolphus79 08:15, 24 June 2006 (UTC)

Voice artist
According to the Simpsons archives, the voice of the cptain is Harry Shearer, not Hank Azaria. Is this correct? Asknine 14:31, 28 June 2006 (UTC)

Looks like that is the case. IMDB Afeitarse 00:30, 3 November 2006 (UTC)

Picture?
Anyone have a good, appropriate picture for the good Captain? It's a shame not to have one. Afeitarse 00:31, 3 November 2006 (UTC)

He's supposed 2 be Irish, right?

Name
His last name is known, they have said it in the show and the producers have said it in DVD commentaries. However, what canon source is there for his first name? TJ Spyke 06:48, 7 April 2007 (UTC)

Bisexuality
When was he said to be bisexual? Should I erase this? PoeticIrony 01:52, 14 April 2007 (UTC)

It's never been said outright, but it's been implied in several episodes. 12.218.145.112 04:04, 30 May 2007 (UTC)

"The Sea Captain"
So why exactly is this article at 'The Sea Captain'? Aren't people more likely to look at 'Captain McCallister' first?

Fair use rationale for Image:SeaCaptaindeathK.jpg
Image:SeaCaptaindeathK.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 01:14, 2 July 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Sea Captain


text:
Banach limit

In mathematical analysis, a Banach limit is a continuous linear functional $$\phi: \ell^\infty \to \mathbb{C}$$ defined on the Banach space $$\ell^\infty$$ of all bounded complex-valued sequences such that for all sequences $$x = (x_n)$$, $$y = (y_n)$$ in $$\ell^\infty$$, and complex numbers $$\alpha$$: Hence, $$\phi$$ is an extension of the continuous functional $$\lim: c \to \mathbb C$$ where $$c \subset\ell^\infty$$ is the complex vector space of all sequences which converge to a (usual) limit in $$\mathbb C$$.
 * 1) $$\phi(\alpha x+y) = \alpha\phi(x) + \phi(y)$$ (linearity);
 * 2) if $$x_n\geq 0$$ for all $$n \in \mathbb{N}$$, then $$\phi(x) \geq 0$$ (positivity);
 * 3) $$\phi(x) = \phi(Sx)$$, where $$S$$ is the shift operator defined by $$(Sx)_n=x_{n+1}$$ (shift-invariance);
 * 4) if $$x$$ is a convergent sequence, then $$\phi(x) = \lim x $$.

In other words, a Banach limit extends the usual limits, is linear, shift-invariant and positive. However, there exist sequences for which the values of two Banach limits do not agree. We say that the Banach limit is not uniquely determined in this case.

As a consequence of the above properties, a real-valued Banach limit also satisfies:

 * $$\liminf_ {n\to\infty} x_n \le \phi(x) \le \limsup_{n\to\infty} x_n.$$

The existence of Banach limits is usually proved using the Hahn–Banach theorem (analyst's approach), or using ultrafilters (this approach is more frequent in set-theoretical expositions). These proofs necessarily use the axiom of choice (so called non-effective proof).

Almost convergence
There are non-convergent sequences which have a uniquely determined Banach limit. For example, if $$x=(1,0,1,0,\ldots)$$, then $$x+S(x) = (1,1,1,\ldots)$$ is a constant sequence, and
 * $$2\phi(x) = \phi(x)+\phi(x) = \phi(x)+\phi(Sx) = \phi(x+Sx) = \phi((1,1,1,\ldots)) = \lim((1,1,1,\ldots)) = 1$$

holds. Thus, for any Banach limit, this sequence has limit $$1/2$$.

A bounded sequence $$x$$ with the property, that for every Banach limit $$\phi$$ the value $$\phi(x)$$ is the same, is called almost convergent.

Banach spaces
Given a convergent sequence $$x=(x_n)$$ in $$c \subset\ell^\infty$$, the ordinary limit of $$x$$ does not arise from an element of $$\ell^1$$, if the duality $$\langle\ell^1,\ell^\infty\rangle$$ is considered. The latter means $$\ell^\infty$$ is the continuous dual space (dual Banach space) of $$\ell^1$$, and consequently, $$\ell^1$$ induces continuous linear functionals on $$\ell^\infty$$, but not all. Any Banach limit on $$\ell^\infty$$ is an example of an element of the dual Banach space of $$\ell^\infty$$ which is not in $$\ell^1$$. The dual of $$\ell^\infty$$ is known as the ba space, and consists of all (signed) finitely additive measures on the sigma-algebra of all subsets of the natural numbers, or equivalently, all (signed) Borel measures on the Stone–Čech compactification of the natural numbers.

title: Banach limit


text:
Talk:Thirty-six officers problem

Untitled
This feels evocative of Sudoku to me - anyone else? DS 14:21, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I think the thirty-six officers justs dramatizes what is probably a common puzzle played out in various related formats. If by evocative you mean they should be merged I don't think so. Marskell 13:07, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

Merge proposal
I suggest that this stub be merged into Graeco-Latin square, specifically the history section of that article (more than half of this article already appears there, word for word). --Bill Cherowitzo (talk) 20:42, 16 June 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Thirty-six officers problem


text:
Wikipedia:Featured list candidates/List of particles

List of particles
I think this is a fairly in-depth, complete list and a good example of community cooperation. --Merovingian (t) (c) 14:22, September 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. The list is comprehensive without being boring, and has links to the extra in-depth stuff too.  In the interest of full disclosure, I have done some work with the page--that also means I'm willing to do more work to improve it as needed.  -- SCZenz 15:05, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment, plenty of potential images, no references, perhaps the tables would look better as prettytable. Phoenix2 17:05, September 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * What images would you like? As for references, I'll add in the Particle Data Group book (which really has all of it). -- SCZenz 17:53, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Some of the things on the list themselves have images on those pages. Phoenix2 21:09, September 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * They'll be pretty random. It's not like you can make a picture of an electron anyway, but I'm sure we can throw something in for flavor.  -- SCZenz 21:57, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Ok, all comments addressed, hopefully satisfactorily. -- SCZenz 22:26, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. I haven't finished reading all of it, but it looks pretty good. Some minor things: different capitalizations of Standard Model and Higgs boson are used in the article, same for flavour vs flavor. Perhaps, some things should be clarified which are obvious to people who know some particle physics: There is no unit for electric charge in the tables with quarks and leptons; perhaps it should be explained what an eV is (how much gram it is); The ~0 for the mass of neutrinos may also be explained; perhaps even an upper bound on their mass can be given? I'm probably wrong here, but I thought the antineutrino is denoted $$\overline{\nu}_e$$ instead of $$\overline{\nu_e}$$. -- Jitse Niesen (talk) 10:07, 6 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I think I corrected the spelling issues mentioned. Rmhermen 20:24, September 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * And I have corrected the other issues. I put bounds on the neutrino masses and wrote a brief note about them, and I put links to the units of electric charge and mass in each table.  -- SCZenz 23:38, 6 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Support, now that I've finished reading it. I have some more comments though:
 * I think the templates like elementary should go, because they do not add information;
 * I'd combine the sections ===Baryons (fermions)=== and ===Exotic baryons===, since the exotic baryons are a subset of the baryons;
 * you split the ordinary baryons in nucleons and hyperons, but the article on hyperons says that these are particles with strange (anti)quarks, so where should baryons with charm quarks go; similarly, under the definition of hyperon, the Δ particle is not a hyperon;
 * give short descriptions of the phonon &c, as you do for the other particles;
 * why is the Phys. Letters paper listed as a reference, and the Phys. Rev. as an external link?
 * mention that all data can be found in the Particle Data Group book; this helps with verifiability.
 * None of these are important enough to withhold my support. I'm sorry that I'm not fixing it myself, but in many places I'm not certain whether my suggestions are good ones, and I'm hesitant to mess with a good article written by people that know more about the subject than I do. -- Jitse Niesen (talk) 11:59, 7 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Done! Thanks for your comments!  -- SCZenz 15:11, 7 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Support. The list gives a good overview of elementary particles. A few comments:

 * In the introduction it is mentioned that "In quantum field theory, these are the particles which are created and annihilated by the field operators in the Lagrangian." It may be better to first explain this in a more non technical way.

 * I'm missing the magnetic monopole in the list.

 * There are a lot of connections between the different particle properties. It would be impossible to list all of these, but perhaps a few can be mentioned so that readers get some idea of such relations. E.g. the decay width of the Z-boson precludes the existence of a light fourth generation neutrino.

Count Iblis 13:01, 6 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Done, except the connections. It seems hard to fit them into a list, but I'll think about it.  -- SCZenz 23:23, 6 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Comment: Shouldn't the boson section have a table? Could list name, spin, force, etc. Rmhermen 20:24, September 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * Done. -- SCZenz 23:21, 6 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Comment, can we get a full sentence at least in the lead section? Ideally one that establishes the scope of the list.  — Laura Scudder | Talk 00:20, 7 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't know what it would be other than "A list of particles in particle physics." Let me know what you mean by "the scope of the list," or you can always just write in what you'd like it to say yourself. ;)  -- SCZenz 00:25, 7 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I was thinking of the fact that it's not obvious that a list of particles would contain both observed and hypothetical particles for instance, or even both elementary and composite. I've been mulling over a what would suffice, but thought you might have better ideas.  — Laura Scudder | Talk 02:28, 7 September 2005 (UTC)
 * My thought is that, were it limited, then it would be more specific. Instead, it's a list of pretty much every particle I can think of, except dust or something.  -- SCZenz 04:47, 7 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I understand what you're saying because it makes sense to me as a physicist, but it really isn't obvious to a non-physicist that a "list of particles" would include particles that we think might maybe in some theory exist. A layman would assume that a "list of particles" would contain only particles that we currently think actually exist.  Plus, stylistically, that sentence fragment really irks me.  — Laura Scudder | Talk 05:17, 7 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Ok, how is it now? -- SCZenz 06:36, 7 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Support although all of Jitse Niesen's points are good ones. — Laura Scudder | Talk 14:53, 7 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Comments - my main concern is that this does not seem comprehensive - we list all of the quarks, all the gauge bosons, all of the leptons - why not all of the particles from List of mesons and list of baryons? I vaguely remember lists from my particle physics classes mumble years ago that included dozens of the blighters.  Also, why mention phonons, etc, but photons only in passing? -- ALoan (Talk) 02:53, 8 September 2005 (UTC)
 * There are dozens of mesons and baryons--in fact, there are infinity of them, in principle. To list tall the ones we've seen would be boring and pointless, and links to the other lists seem good enough.  Photon is listed under elementary bosons, in the standard model section, where it belongs.  -- SCZenz 03:16, 8 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Oh, mea culpa re photon; blame the rather late hour. But I still think we ought to list the baryons and mesons (at least the well known ones, or the ones that have been detected experimentally). Another comment: the format of the list is rather mixed: some section have tables with detailed information, others have partial lists, with or without bullet points and generally without the same standard of information (charge, mass, etc).  How much detail does the reference provide?  -- ALoan (Talk) 10:07, 8 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I think the list is pretty consistent: all elementary particles are listed in detail, while composite particles like the neutron, which consist of several elementary particles, are not treated in detail but links to relevant articles are given. I agree with SCZenz that it's best not to list all composite particles, but to link to other lists. -- Jitse Niesen (talk) 12:36, 8 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The reference contains, essentially, the sum total of all human knowledge about every subatomic particle ever detected, and substantial information on hypothetical particles as well. I won't say more on the other comments, since Jitse said it all. -- SCZenz 14:41, 8 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I suspected as much - so there is plenty of detail that could be added :) The point I am making is that if I were looking for a list of particles, I would expect to find just that, rather than having some particles excluded for seemingly arbitrary reasons as the "wrong sort" of particle.  Yes, I know your chosen criterion is well-defined, but if you were to ask a person on the street to name some particles (passing by the people who gave you blank stares) I bet that most would name protons and neutrons, and that quarks, Ws and Zs, Higgs bosons, etc would be somewhat further down their list.  If this is just a list of elementary particles then it should be called just that. (My comments should not be taken to denigrate the effort that has gone into bringing the list up to the standard that it has already attained, by the way: I just think that it could be even better.) -- ALoan (Talk) 14:53, 8 September 2005 (UTC)
 * All the particles anyone would mention (other than things like "Vitamin D," "E. Coli," and "Richard Nixon") are on the list. I admit we are insulting charmed, strange mesons, but I don't think they care.  The nice thing about Wikipedia, at a certain point, is that you don't have to have all the information on one page, and I think dreadfully boring stuff about meson and baryon masses can go elsewhere.  I think most likely we shall have to agree to disagree.  -- SCZenz 15:33, 8 September 2005 (UTC)
 * ("Dreadfully boring"!? More boring than the details of quarks and gauge bosons?)  Yes, plenty of particles are mentioned, but they are not given the same treatment.  Another strength of Wikipedia is that it is not paper, so we don't run out of space.  If it can, shouldn't the list give masses of protons and neutrons and various pions and so on, so we can see them all in one place?  I guess we may have to agree to differ. (Btw - what is the mass and charge of a richardnix-on?)  -- ALoan (Talk) 16:00, 8 September 2005 (UTC)
 * (We understand, to a pretty good degree, where hadron masses come from.  We really don't know about the elementary particle masses--we don't have a single theory that predicts them.  That's why they're interesting.)  Yes, we have infinite space, but pages can be too long.  It's better to have subarticles at a certain point, and that's what we've got.  (probably 80 kilos, and pretty close to zero) -- SCZenz 16:51, 8 September 2005 (UTC)
 * (Zero? Several thousand dollars, I should have thought.)  Should the list include the proposed weakly interacting massive particle? -- ALoan (Talk) 14:14, 9 September 2005 (UTC)
 * It presumably does, actually. In Supersymmetric models the light neutralino fills that role, for example, and I think there are others.  This does raise the question of what to do with particles that have different names in different contexts.  I believe, to be consistent, that WIMP's should not be listed--a WIMP is not a hypothetical particle that appears in a theory, but rather an idea for a particle that might solve certain problems if it existed.  (If we'd observed it directly, it would be a different story.) -- SCZenz 14:50, 9 September 2005 (UTC)
 * OK - having thought it over, I will support it now. -- ALoan (Talk) 03:17, 13 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Comment is it just me or it does not look like a list? Renata3 19:36, 9 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Yeah, the problem with a straight list in this case is that if you want to include any information beyond just names the particles really fit better into a set of tables based on type. In fact, some of the baryons and mesons not addressed on this list are more naturally grouped on goofy-looking diagrams (see Eightfold way (physics)) rather than in lists or tables.  It is a little heavy on text, but I think that was done to avoid a bare list of inscrutable specialized terms, from which the lay reader gains no understanding of even how the list is grouped without lots of clicky clicky on tons of links.  — Laura Scudder | Talk 21:21, 9 September 2005 (UTC)


text:
Erik Schinegger

Erik Schinegger (born 19 June 1948) is an Austrian intersex skier. He was the women's downhill ski world champion in 1966, at which time he was recognized as female and known as Erika Schinegger.

Biography
Schinegger was born in Agsdorf, Carinthia, and raised as a girl.

Schinegger first attracted attention when he finished third in the downhill in Grindelwald on 14 January 1966 with start no. 24 and thus contributed to an ÖSV quadruple success (Christl Haas, Edith Zimmermann; fourth Traudl Hecher). He also won the downhill in St-Gervais on 29 January with a lead of 1.53 sec. over Nancy Greene and on 25 March 1966 the downhill in Sun Valley in the "Five Nations Competition" (again ahead of Greene).

Schinegger's greatest success was winning the women's downhill world championship title at the FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 1966 in Portillo, Chile a month after his eighteenth birthday. At the Gold Key Race in Schruns, Schinegger finished second on 18 January 1967, followed by his only victory in an World Cup Race, a giant slalom, on 28 January 1967 in Saint-Gervais. In February 1967, Schinegger won the Austrian Championships in the giant slalom.

Before the 1968 Winter Olympics in Grenoble, a medical examination revealed that Schinegger was genetically male. Schinegger, whose sex had not been correctly identified for years due to inward growing genitals, a so-called pseudohermaphroditism, decided to have surgery and change his first name from Erika to Erik.

Schinegger was not retroactively stripped of the World Champion title of 1966, but the then runner-up Marielle Goitschel was retroactively awarded the gold medal as well. In 1988 Schinegger himself presented his World Championship gold medal to Marielle Goitschel, however, she gave him back the medal. Schinegger married and became father of a daughter in 1978. He lives as owner of a children's ski school and two inns in his hometown Agsdorf in Carinthia and has two grandsons.

In 1988 Erik Schinegger wrote together with Marco Schenz the book ''Mein Sieg über mich. The man who became world champion'', in which he came to terms with his life. This book was very successful, especially in the French translation. Schinegger's story was depicted in 2005 by Kurt Mayer in the documentary film ERIK(A) - Der Mann der Weltmeisterin wurde. At the 53rd Trento Film Festival the film was awarded the "Silver Gentian" in the same year.

In 2014, he took part in the ORF show Dancing Stars, but dropped out prematurely due to injury. In 2015, he served as councilor in his home municipality of Sankt Urban.

On 17 March 2017, a major fire occurred on Schinegger's estate in Agsdorf, completely burning down the entire farm building.

In the 2018 feature film Erik & Erika by Reinhold Bilgeri from, his life was again portrayed, with Markus Freistätter in the leading role. Titled One like Erika, the film was shown on Ersten on 25 November 2020.

Awards

 * In the election held on 19 December 1966 for Austria's Sportsman of the Year, Schinegger came second(r) behind Emmerich Danzer with 837 points (18 first places) and was thus practically Sportswoman of the Year; Heidi Zimmermann came third.
 * Before adjusting to manhood, Erik(a) Schinegger of the Sports Press Club of Carinthia was twice (1966, 1967) best female athlete in the election "Carinthian Sportsman of the Year"

Works

 * Erik/Erika Schinegger: My victory over me. The man who became world champion. recorded by Marco Schenz, F.A. Herbig, Munich 1988, ISBN 0-283-92112-9.
 * Erik Schinegger: With a Porsche to new self-confidence. In: Landesschiverband / Kleine Zeitung (ed.): Vom Großglockner zum Klammer-Stich. 100 Years of Skiing in Carinthia. Carinthia Verlag, 2007, ISBN 978-3-85378-622-2, pp. 29–34.
 * Erik Schinegger: The man who became world champion: My two lives, recorded by Claudio Honsal. Amalthea Signum Verlag, Vienna 2018, ISBN 978-3-99050-114-6.

Literature

 * Matthias Marschik / Georg Spitaler (eds.): Heroes and Idols: Sports Stars in Austria, StudienVerlag, 2006, pp. 355–359, ISBN 3-7065-4253-6.
 * Erik Schinegger: an Intersex Epic in Alpine Skiing, in: Patricia Nell Warren: The Lavender Locker Room: 3000 Years of Great Athletes Whose Sexual Orientation Was Different'', Beverly Hills, Wildcat Press 2006, p. 227, ISBN 1-889135-07-0

Films

 * ERIK(A) - Der Mann der Weltmeisterin wurde (Documentary, 2005), Producer: Kurt Mayer
 * Erik & Erika (feature film, Germany/Austria 2018), director: Reinhold Bilgeri; first broadcast on TV on 6 January 2020 on ORF and under the title Einer wie Erika on 25 November 2020 on Ersten

title: Erik Schinegger


text:
Talk:Yvonne de Gaulle

Known for the quote
"She is known for the quote, 'The presidency is temporary—but the family is permanent.' " -> Uhh?? 86.205.91.122 (talk) 19:32, 20 May 2008 (UTC)

 * She certainly isn't know "for" that quote, and I actually never heard that one. 83.199.115.47 (talk) 23:14, 5 November 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Yvonne de Gaulle


text: User talk:81.90.232.21

title: User talk:81.90.232.21


text: User talk:130.207.20.37

title: User talk:130.207.20.37


text:
Talk:Ford Vulcan engine

New Intake
The Vulcan Engine got the phenolic plastic Upper Intake Manifold in 2001.

^ The "New intake in 1998" Part refers to the fact that the 96 and 97 taurus had a manifold with an integral throttle body, this was changed for 1998.

I'm unsure if this applies to the ranger or any other vehicles, though.

Ranger received a new intake in 1998 (aluminum ram) and a composite intake in 2002. The EEC-V computer was replaced in 2007 with a completely new model - name unknown Boss 3.0 21:47, 20 July 2007 (UTC)

Displacement
If the bore and stroke figures are correct, then the displacement should be 2,979 cc.

Can anyone confirm I'm correct or not? North wiki 18:32, 13 June 2007 (UTC)

O.K. I checked the bore and stroke info, it looks like it is 3.5 in x 3.15 in (Bore x Stroke),

Therefore, in metric system they'll be 88.9 mm x 80.01 mm,

and the displacement'll be 2,980 cc. North wiki 19:12, 14 June 2007 (UTC)

Dimensions are actually 89mm bore (3.054"), 80 mm stroke (3.1496") and 2986cc/3.0L/182 or 183 CI Citation Ford Service CD ROM (1994 Ford Truck) Boss 3.0 21:51, 20 July 2007 (UTC)

Bore and displacement are as a result changed to 89mm and 2986cc respectively. Thanks Boss --North wiki 04:11, 9 September 2007 (UTC)

Successor
Should Duratec 30 & Duratec 35 be listed as successor?

I don't think the Vulcan engine is being replaced by the Duratec engines in any one of the applications listed.North wiki 18:38, 13 June 2007 (UTC)

Design using the Metric System
It's mentioned the engine was designed using the metric system in the article. However, the bore and stroke look like they are in imperial/U.S. system (in.). Any thoughts? North wiki 19:26, 14 June 2007 (UTC)

100% pure metric from the ground up, called the "World Engine" initially in the Taurus campaign since it was metric spec and parts are from US and Canada. 80mm stroke, 89mm bore, all metric fasteners, valve stems (8mm early, 7mm late) and so on... Boss 3.0 21:53, 20 July 2007 (UTC)

All cast iron design
This comment is in re: the ["citation needed]" tag in terms of the cast iron block comment. If I find it, I'm going to cite it, but I do know for a fact that the Vulcan is an all-cast-iron block, including the heads.

I own a 1996 Taurus with the Vulcan and its heads are cast iron.

It may be trivial to the article, as well, but my car also over 266,000 miles. Original AX4S transaxle, too. :) Srosenow 98 (talk) 07:33, 25 October 2008 (UTC)

Use of Vulcan engine in aviation applications
If my memory serves me correctly, a newly manufactured Vulcan V-6 engine could be granted a one-time certification by the Federal Aviation Administration for use as an aircraft power plant ("one-time certification" meant that when the engine had been used for the number of hours noted on the certificate, it must be removed and either scrapped or re-purposed [used in any suitable non-aviation application] - it could not be rebuilt as could ordinary aviation engines) and replaced by another engine. I believe I read it in one of the prominent general aviation magazines of the time but I have been unable to find anything on the 'net. Anybody got info on this? NorthCoastReader (talk) 02:39, 9 September 2015 (UTC)

Firing order and and coil order
Need to know 2600:1007:B13A:89DE:B54D:681F:ABD:3F3E (talk) 03:47, 21 September 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ford Vulcan engine


text:
Buhe

Buhe (Ge'ez: ቡሄ Buhē) is a feast day observed by the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church and Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church on 19 August (13 Nahase in the Ethiopian calendar). On this date, the Ethiopian Orthodox Church celebrates the Transfiguration of Jesus on Mount Tabor (Debre Tabor Ge'ez: ደብረ ታቦር).

Observance
Buhe celebrated by Ethiopian Orthodox and Eritrean Orthodox Churches on 19 August (13 Nehase in Ethiopian calendar) in commemoration of Transfiguration of Jesus on Mount Tabor (Debre Tabor in Ge'ez). Buhe is one of old age religious and cultural festival. Observations include people of the neighborhood tie a bundle of sticks together to make a chibo, and set it on fire while singing songs. The main song is called "Hoya Hoye" with one singer singing while the others follow in a rhythmic way. It involves young boys singing songs of praise outside of people's homes, in exchange for fresh bread called mulmul. The boys then bless the family of the home for the following year.

title: Buhe


text:
Gene Gauntier

Gene Gauntier (born Genevieve Gauntier Liggett, August 26, 1885 – December 18, 1966) was an American screenwriter and actress who was one of the pioneers of the motion picture industry. A writer, director, and actress in films from mid 1906 to 1920, she wrote screenplays for 42 films. She performed in 87 films and is credited as the director of The Grandmother (1909).

Biography
Born as Genevieve Gauntier Liggett in Kansas City, Missouri, to James Wesley and Ada J. Gauntier Liggett, she was the middle child of three children. Her older brother was Richard Green Liggett and her sister was Marguerite Gauntier Liggett, who married Swedish billionaire Axel Wenner-Gren. Gauntier attended the Kansas City School of Oratory while in Kansas City. In 1904, she began her stage career. Gauntier made her way to New York City where she began her career in live theater using the stage name "Gene Gauntier," and first appeared in films between acting jobs with stock company tours. She remembered in her 1928 autobiography Blazing the Trail: "“My funds were running low, and in a vague way I thought of the new opening for actors – moving pictures, but, like the rest of the legitimate profession, I looked on them with contempt and felt sure that my prestige would be lowered if I worked in them.'"

In June 1906, Gauntier was literally thrown into her first screen assignment when she was hired for a daredevil stunt, being filmed as a damsel thrown into a river for Biograph's The Paymaster. It was a one-reeler, where she first met her long-time friend Sidney Olcott and Frank Marion.

Gauntier then returned to stage acting as the lead female role in George Ade's The County Chairman at Kansas City's Grand Opera House.

The Kalem Company
In 1907, Gauntier became more involved in the fledgling silent film industry, working for Kalem Studios. She became Kalem's star actress, dubbed by the studio as the "Kalem Girl," and also became their most productive screenwriter in collaboration with director Sidney Olcott on numerous film projects.

In 1924, after her departure from the film industry, Gauntier reminisced about her time at Kalem as an intensely fruitful period of creative freedom, when her authorial control and influence extended well beyond acting:
 * In addition to playing the principal parts, I also wrote, with the exception of a bare half-dozen, every one of the five hundred or so pictures in which I appeared. I picked locations, supervised sets, passed on tests, co-directed with Sidney Olcott, cut and edited and wrote captions (when in the United States), got up a large part of the advertising matter, and, with it all, averaged a reel a week. It was work in those days—but creative work, blazing the trail. We were always discovering new possibilities and each little success or surprise fed our enthusiasm. Mr. Olcott and I had no one over us. I scarcely ever submitted a scenario and never while abroad. The Kalem never knew what our picture was to be until they saw the first run in the projection room. We would have risked our lives (and did many times) out of sheer love for, and loyalty to the Kalem. For four years the same friends were together and we were known as the O'Kalems, and later, during the oriental tour, as the El Kalems.

Gauntier's astonishing range of creative decision-making at Kalem reflects the "creative chaos in the early years [of the industry that] favored women's relatively full participation while a new order in the industry mandated against it." By 1912, Gauntier had become disillusioned with the new conditions at Kalem, and left to start her own company, Gene Gauntier Feature Players.

Writing and copyright
Tom Sawyer was the first of over three hundred screenplays Gauntier either wrote and produced or sold. In 1907, she wrote the script for The Days of '61, the first film ever made about the American Civil War. That same year she wrote the screenplay and acted in the first Ben Hur film. The film was adapted in two days: "I was not familiar with Ben Hur and the mere reading of the book would take two days. But this time my self-confidence [in writing] was unlimited and I promised. What is more by dint of working nearly two nights I turned in the script on schedule...and we turned out the greatest spectacle and money-maker up to that time." At the time, there was no copyright law to protect authors, and she wrote in her autobiography about how the film industry infringed upon everything. As a result of the production of Ben Hur, Harper and Brothers and the author's estate (General Lew Wallace) brought suit against the Kalem Company, the Motion Picture Patents Company, and Gauntier for copyright infringement. The suit, which eventually settled the question of American copyright law for all time, took years to make its way through the court system but the United States Supreme Court finally ruled in favor of Harpers and Wallace, and against the film company.

Most notably, Gauntier wrote and acted in 1912's From the Manger to the Cross; a film that Turner Classic Movies considers the most important silent film to deal with the life of Jesus Christ, and which has been selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry.

Independent company
In December 1912, Gauntier left the Kalem Company and started the independent Gene Gauntier Feature Players Company, along with her long time collaborator Sidney Olcott and her actor husband Jack Clark. She was among a number of women silent film stars to start their own independent companies during this period. Others included Florence Lawrence with the Victor Company, Helen Holmes with the Signal Film Company, Flora Finch with the Flora Finch Company (1916-1917) and Film Frolic Picture Corporation (1920), and Marion Leonard with the Gem Motion Picture Company. In early 1914, Sidney Olcott resigned as producer at Gauntier's company to start his own Sid Olcott International Features. The cause of his falling out with Gauntier remains unclear. The Gene Gauntier Feature Players Company continued until 1915.

Notable works include, The Civil War-era (1912), A Daughter of the Confederacy (1913) (adapted from Wallace Reid's stage play), Mystery of Pine Camp (1913), When Men Hate (1913), For Ireland's Sake (1914), A Daughter of Old Ireland (1914), and The Eye of the Government (1914).

Gauntier wrote and starred in many of the films her company produced, while Olcott is credited as the main director during this time. Gauntier Feature Players became competitors of Kalem and eventually faded into oblivion once Gauntier signed on with Universal Pictures and moved to Hollywood.

Exit from the film industry
In 1920 at age thirty-five, and after writing forty-two screenplays and performing in eighty-seven films, Gauntier walked away from the business. In a 1924 interview with Photoplay, Gauntier explained her reasons for leaving: "I was worn out and had lost enthusiasm, without which we cannot, of course, progress. My work in pictures had been too difficult, my strength was sapped and it had become drudgery, especially the new way in which they were produced [...] After being master of all I surveyed, I could not work under the new conditions. Domestic tragedy was the finishing touch and I was glad to get out while I could still retain some pleasant memories of the good old days."

Personal life and later years
In 1912, Gauntier married actor Jack J. Clark. They were divorced in 1918. Gauntier had sailed to Europe frequently where her sister Marguerite was an opera singer who had trained and worked in Germany, and found herself stranded there when World War I broke out. After leaving filmmaking, she worked as the film and drama critic for the Kansas City Post in 1919, before returning to live in Europe where she remained for a number of years while writing her autobiography, Blazing the Trail. The work was serialized in 1928–29 in the American magazine, Woman's Home Companion, and the manuscript is on display in the Film Library of the Museum of Modern Art in New York City. Gauntier also penned two novels, Cabbages and Harlequins in 1929 and Sporting Lady in 1933.

Gene Gauntier died in 1966 in Cuernavaca, Mexico, aged 81. She is buried in Sweden at Häringe Slott close to Marguerite, her sister and Axel Wenner-Gren, her brother-in-Law.

In 1914, June 11 was declared as "Gauntier Day" at the International Exposition of Motion Pictures.

Partial filmography

 * As actress, unless otherwise noted.

 * Why Girls Leave Home (1904) (stageplay)
 * The Skyscrapers of New York (1906)
 * The Thaw-White Tragedy (1906)
 * The Paymaster (1906)
 * Ben Hur (1907) (screenwriter only; possible cast member in short)
 * Evangeline (1908)
 * Way Down East (1908)
 * The Scarlet Letter (1908)
 * Hulda's Lovers (1908)
 * Dolly, the Circus Queen (1908)
 * The Romance of an Egg (1908)
 * The Man in the Box (1908)
 * Thompson's Night Out (1908)
 * The Stage Rustler (1908) (unconfirmed)
 * As You Like It (1908)
 * Betrayed by a Handprint (1908)
 * The Girl and the Outlaw (1908) (unconfirmed)
 * The Taming of the Shrew (1908)
 * The Cracker's Bride( 1909)
 * The Girl Spy: An Incident of the Civil War (1909)
 * The Law in the Mountain (1909)
 * The Wayward Daughter (1909)
 * A Slave to Drink (1910)
 * The Romance of a Trained Nurse (1910)
 * The Man Who Lost (1910)
 * The Stepmother (1910)
 * The Confederate Spy (1910)
 * The Further Adventures of the Girl Spy (1910)
 * A Lad from Old Ireland (1910) (also screenwriter)
 * The Girl Spy Before Vicksburg (1910)
 * The Forager (1910)
 * The Bravest Girl of the South (1910)
 * The Love Romance of the Girl Spy (1910)
 * The Egret Hunter (1910)
 * The Navajo's Bride (1910)
 * The Castaways (1910)
 * A Child's Faith (1910)
 * A Daughter of Dixie (1910)
 * A Colonial Belle (1910)
 * The Perversity of Fate (1910)
 * The Evil Artist or a Girl Wronged (1910)
 * The Heart of Edna Leslie (1910)
 * A Lad from Old Ireland (1910)
 * Seth's Temptation (1910)
 * The Little Spreewald Maiden (1910)
 * The Stranger (1910)
 * For the Love of an Enemy (1911)
 * Her Chum's Brother (1911)
 * Robbie and the Redskins (1911)
 * Little Sister (1911)
 * The Open Road (1911)
 * The Irish Honeymoon (1911)
 * The Little Soldier of '64 (1911)
 * A War Time Escape (1911)
 * A Sawmill Hero (1911)
 * The Lass Who Couldn't Forget (1911)
 * In Old Florida (1911)
 * The Fiddle's Requiem (1911)
 * When the Dead Return (1911)
 * The Carnival (1911)
 * In Blossom Time (1911)
 * To the Aid of Stonewall Jackson (1911)
 * The Romance of a Dixie Belle (1911)
 * Special Messenger (1911)
 * Rory O'More (1911)
 * The Colleen Bawn (1911)
 * The Fishermaid of Ballydavid (1911)
 * Arrah-na-Pogue (1911)
 * Tangled Lives (1911)
 * A Hitherto Unrelated Incident of the Girl Spy (1911)
 * To the Aid of Stonewall Jackson: An Exploit of the Girl Spy (1911)
 * The Colleen Bawn (1911) (also screenwriter)
 * The O'Neill (1912)
 * His Mother (1912)
 * The Vagabonds (1912)
 * Far From Erin's Isle (1912)
 * You Remember Ellen (1912)
 * Captain Rivera's Reward (1912)
 * Victim of Circumstances (1912)
 * The Belle of New Orleans (1912)
 * The Fighting Dervishes of the Desert (1912)
 * Missionaries in Darkest Africa (1912)
 * Dust of the Desert (1912)
 * Captured by Bedouins (1912)
 * Tragedy of the Desert (1912)
 * An Arabian Tragedy (1912)
 * Winning a Widow (1912)
 * A Prisoner of the Harem (1912)
 * Down Through the Ages (1912)
 * From the Manger to the Cross; or, Jesus of Nazareth (1912) (also screenwriter)
 * The Mayor From Ireland (1912)
 * The Shaughraun (1912)
 * The Wives of Jamestown (1913)
 * The Lady Peggy's Escape (1913)
 * A Daughter of the Confederacy (1913)
 * The Mystery of Pine Creek Camp (1913)
 * When Men Hate (1913)
 * In the Power of the Hypnotist (1913)
 * In the Clutches of the Ku Klux Klan (1913)
 * For Ireland's Sake (1914)
 * The Eye of the Government (1914)
 * Come Back to Erin (1914)
 * A Fight for a Birthright (1914)
 * False Evidence (1914)
 * Twilight (1914)
 * His Brother's Wife (1914)
 * The Little Rebel (1914)
 * Through the Fires of Temptation (1914)
 * The Woman Hater's Baby (1915)
 * The Ulster Lass (1915)
 * The Maid of the Forest (1915)
 * Gene of the Northland (1915)
 * The Smugglers Lass (1915)
 * Witch's Gold (1920)

Script

 * Why Girls Leave Home (1907)
 * Tom Sawyer (1907)
 * The Days of '61 (1907)
 * Ben Hur (1907) (Regie: Sidney Olcott and others)
 * The Japanese Invasion (1908)
 * Hiawatha (1908)
 * As You Like It (1908) (Regie: Kenean Buel)
 * Evangeline (1908)
 * Way Down East (1908) (Regie: Sidney Olcott)
 * Washington at Valley Forge (1908)
 * The Scarlet Letter (1908) (Regie: Sidney Olcott)
 * Hulda's Lovers (1908) (Regie: Wallace McCutcheon)
 * Dolly, the Circus Queen (1908)
 * The Romance of an Egg(1908) (Regie: Wallace McCutcheon)
 * The Wayward Daughter (1909)
 * The Girl Spy: An Incident of the Civil War (1909)
 * A Slave to Drink (1909)
 * The Man Who Lost (1910)
 * The Romance of a Trained Nurse (1910) (Regie: Sidney Olcott)
 * The Stepmother (1910) (Regie: Sidney Olcott)
 * The Confederate Spy (1910) (Regie: Sidney Olcott)
 * The Forager (1910) (Regie: Sidney Olcott)
 * The Castaways (1910) (Regie: Sidney Olcott)
 * A Lad from Old Ireland (1910) (Regie: Sidney Olcott)
 * The Little Spreewald Maiden (1910) (Regie: Sidney Olcott)
 * The Girl Spy Before Vicksburg (1910) (Regie: Sidney Olcott)
 * Tangled Lives (1911) (Regie: Sidnegiey Olcott)
 * Last Day of School (1911) (Regie: Sidney Olcott)
 * A Hitherto Unrelated Incident of the Girl Spy (1911)
 * The Irish Honeymoon (1911) (Regie: Sidney Olcott)
 * A Sawmill Hero (1911) (Regie: Sidney Olcott)
 * The Fiddle's Requiem (1911) (Regie: Sidney Olcott)
 * The Love of Summer Morn (1911) (Regie: Sidney Olcott)
 * Special Messenger (1911) (Regie: Sidney Olcott)
 * Rory O'More (1911) (Regie: Sidney Olcott e Robert G. Vignola - short Film)
 * The Colleen Bawn (1911) (Regie: Sidney Olcott)
 * The Franciscan Friars of Killarney (1911) (Regie: Sidney Olcott)
 * Arrah-na-Pogue (1911) (Regie: Sidney Olcott)
 * The Vengeance Mark (1912) (Regie: Sidney Olcott)
 * Shaun Rhue (1912) (Regie: Sidney Olcott)
 * My Hielan' Lassie (1912) (Regie: Sidney Olcott)
 * The O'Kalems Visit Killarney (1912) (Regie: Sidney Olcott)
 * The O'Neill (1912) (Regie: Sidney Olcott)
 * His Mother (1912) (Regie: Sidney Olcott)
 * Far From Erin's Isle (1912) (Regie: Sidney Olcott)
 * You Remember Ellen (1912) (Regie: Sidney Olcott)
 * The Fighting Dervishes of the Desert (1912) (Regie: Sidney Olcott)
 * Luxor, Egypt (1912) (Regie: Sidney Olcott)
 * Missionaries in Darkest Africa (1912) (Regie: Sidney Olcott)
 * Making Photoplays in Egypt (1912) (Regie: Sidney Olcott)
 * An Arabian Tragedy (1912) (Regie: Sidney Olcott)
 * Captured by Bedouins (1912) (Regie: Sidney Olcott)
 * Winning a Widow (1912) (Regie: Sidney Olcott)
 * Down Through the Ages (1912) (Regie: Sidney Olcott)
 * Along the River Nile (1912) (Regie: Sidney Olcott)
 * The Poacher's Pardon (1912) (Regie: Sidney Olcott)
 * Ancient Temples of Egypt (1912) (Regie: Sidney Olcott)
 * From the Manger to the Cross (1912) (Regie: Sidney Olcott)
 * The Kerry Gow (1912) (Regie: Sidney Olcott)
 * The Mayor From Ireland (1912) (Regie: Sidney Olcott)
 * Conway, the Kerry Dancer (1912) (Regie: Sidney Olcott)
 * Ireland, the Oppressed (1912) (Regie: Sidney Olcott)
 * The Shaughraun (1912) (Regie: Sidney Olcott)
 * The Wives of Jamestown (1913) (Regie: Sidney Olcott)
 * The Lady Peggy's Escape (1913) (Regie: Sidney Olcott)
 * The Octoroon (1913) (Regie: Sidney Olcott)
 * A Celebrated Case (1914) (Regie: George Melford)
 * Gene of the Northland (1915) (Regie:Jack J. Clark)

title: Gene Gauntier


text:
Talk:Banach limit

This is my first wiki article. I hope to learn a lot from you corrections. --Kompik 14:23:28, 2005-09-01 (UTC)

 * I've tagged the article for the maths wikiproject. I hope there will be some more interest in it! Geometry guy 13:53, 13 May 2007 (UTC)

I'm a grad student who's seen real Banach limits but not complex ones. I don't really have enough knowledge to edit, but I can still nitpick! A couple of possible issues: 131.111.185.34 (talk) 02:36, 17 November 2010 (UTC)
 * I'm very skeptical about the fact that you're talking about \phi as a function from the space of all bounded complex sequences to the reals that agrees with lim.
 * The standard derivation of Banach limits works by extending from the Cesaro mean, which is more general than lim. In practice I'm not certain whether the Banach limits of sequences with Cesaro means are uniquely determined, but it would probably be worth discussing either way.

title: Talk:Banach limit


text:
Left shift (medicine)

Left shift or blood shift is an increase in the number of immature cell types among the blood cells in a sample of blood. Many (perhaps most) clinical mentions of left shift refer to the white blood cell lineage, particularly neutrophil-precursor band cells, thus signifying bandemia. Less commonly, left shift may also refer to a similar phenomenon in the red blood cell lineage in severe anemia, when increased reticulocytes and immature erythrocyte-precursor cells appear in the peripheral circulation.

Definition
The standard definition of a left shift is an absolute band form count greater than 7700/microL. There are competing explanations for the origin of the phrase "left shift," including the left-most button arrangement of early cell sorting machines and a 1920s publication by Josef Arneth, containing a graph in which immature neutrophils, with fewer segments, shifted the median left. In the latter view, the name reflects a curve's preponderance shifting to the left on a graph of hematopoietic cellular differentiations.

Morphology
It is usually noted on microscopic examination of a blood smear. This systemic effect of inflammation is most often seen in the course of an active infection and during other severe illnesses such as hypoxia and shock. Döhle bodies may also be present in the neutrophil's cytoplasm in the setting of sepsis or severe inflammatory responses.

Pathogenesis
It is believed that cytokines (including IL-1 and TNF) accelerate the release of cells from the postmitotic reserve pool in the bone marrow, leading to an increased number of immature cells.

title: Left shift (medicine)


text:
Talk:Soprillo

Redirect
I added a redirect to Soprillo at Soprillo saxophone, but I was wondering if perhaps this article would be better placed in its entirety at Soprillo saxophone with the redirect here? ~Dramaticbassx

 * The redirect is a good idea, though I have never heard anyone refer to the instrument as "soprillo saxophone" or "soprillo sax," just "soprillo." Do you know something I don't?  Badagnani 18:57, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I and some of my friends sometimes refer to it as a "soprillo sax," though that doesn't really justify anything. However, Eppelsheim's website refers to it both as just "Soprillo" and "Soprillo Bb piccolo saxophone." It appears that either is correct. ChaosMaster (talk) 18:32, 10 April 2009 (UTC)

Picture
I can't see the picture of soprillo sax. Could anybody complement the picture? thx Skalpik 88.100.153.206 20:26, 29 November 2006 (UTC)

Year of creation
What year was it created/released? Badagnani 05:16, 14 February 2007 (UTC)

Capitalized name
I think Soprillo is probably a registered trademark of Benedikt Eppelsheim Blasinstrumente GMBH. Therefore I have changed it to be capitalized throughout the article. -- —Preceding unsigned comment added by SaxTeacher (talk • contribs)

Upper register
This text was just removed:

 * "and its upper register extends to a fifth above the sopranino saxophone"

If incorrect, please include substitute wording (perhaps compare its register to the soprano rather than the more unfamiliar sopranino). Badagnani 03:28, 4 December 2007 (UTC)

 * I thought that was covered by the two statements that: 1. it's an octave above soprano, 2. but keywork only goes to Eb, not F. - Special-T (talk) 13:38, 5 December 2007 (UTC)

Range
Surely the range shown in the graphic (starting at B-flat3) is an octave too low? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 128.230.72.70 (talk) 19:00, 28 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Fixed. Badagnani (talk) 19:20, 28 April 2008 (UTC)

Move
I moved this from soprillo to Sopranissimo saxophone because it appears that soprillo is just it's commercial name.username 1 (talk) 05:52, 8 August 2009 (UTC)

Invention date
Who invented this? I have found no evidence or indication that Adolphe Sax did. Shiggity (talk) 21:43, 23 October 2013 (UTC)

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Name
Does anyone really call this instrument anything other than either the "soprillo", or the "piccolo saxophone"? I've had a lot of trouble tracking down where the term "sopranissimo" came from in this context, that isn't connected to this Wikipedia article (renamed in 2009), and saxophonists I know who know of its existence (here in NZ) call it the soprillo. Eppelsheim is still its only maker as far as I am aware. Happy to be disproven/enlightened, but I think we should rename this article appropriately. — Jon (talk) 06:41, 2 April 2023 (UTC)
 * I think the point is that "Soprillo" is Eppelsheim's brand name for this instrument. A name that would be consistent with other instrument names would be "Sopranissimo". - Special-T (talk) 14:06, 2 April 2023 (UTC)
 * @Special-T asserting what it ought to be called is beside the point: nobody actually calls it the sopranissimo, all evidence I can find is that somebody just asserted that name here 15-20 years ago and it stuck. It's either a soprillo or a piccolo saxophone. Piccolo is also just as consistent, if not more, c.f. piccolo (flute), piccolo trumpet, piccolo trombone, piccolo oboe, etc. — Jon (talk) 20:52, 2 April 2023 (UTC)
 * Agreed - I'm not advocating for "sopranissimo", just pointing out why there might be some legitimacy to that designation. "Piccolo" would be (AFAIK) equally tradition-consistent. Plus, "tradition-consistent" might not be that important (although I think it's helpful for clarity's sake). - Special-T (talk) 21:35, 2 April 2023 (UTC)
 * Since April 2023, I have not been able to find any reliable sources that refer to this instrument as sopranissimo, that aren't also WP:CIRCULAR references that point here, where it was arbitrarily renamed from soprillo in 2009. In what little material I can find, it is either simply called the soprillo or occasionally piccolo saxophone. Eppelsheim on his website calls it a B♭-Piccolo-Saxophon, which is straight from the horse's mouth; CD liner notes by Nigel Wood (Soprillogy) and Vinny Golia (and Cook & Morton's 2006 Penguin Guide entry on the same) call it the soprillo. There is not (yet) any mention of the soprillo, or more generally the piccolo-size of saxophone (or even the word "sopranissimo") in the Grove Dictionary of Instruments (2014), or anywhere else in Grove/OMO, or even the German language MGG Online. Cottrell does not mention the tubax or soprillo in The Saxophone (Yale Instruments series, 2012), which is a curious omission. Of the 11 Wikipedia articles in other languages linked to the Q163026 Wikidata item, Czech uses "sopranissimový saxofon", Italian uses "sassofono sopranissimo", French uses "saxophone piccolo", the rest use "soprillo". In light of this, and unless there's something obvious I've missed, I think we should consider a move proposal to move this article either back to soprillo, or perhaps piccolo saxophone if we want to capture the more general idea of a ninth teeny-tiny size/class of saxophone. — Jon (talk) 05:00, 27 September 2023 (UTC)
 * On one hand, I found one printed source, Music: The Definitive Visual History (DK, 2013) which uses the term sopranissimo. On the other, I've done some more reading of guidelines (particularly WP:CRITERIA, WP:NCM) and it's clear the article title needs to be the most common name for the thing (which is pretty clearly "Soprillo") with categorised redirects for synonyms (piccolo saxophone and sopranissimo saxophone). I suppose once someone else starts manufacturing one, and calls it something else, we can burn that bridge when we get to it and figure out what the size class of saxophone is really called then (although we already have Eppelsheim calling it a piccolo saxophone). — Jon (talk) 20:00, 8 October 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Soprillo