text:
Secure Web SmartFilter EDU

Secure Web SmartFilter EDU, formerly known as Bess, is a brand of content-control software made by Secure Computing Corporation, which acquired maker N2H2 in 2003; it is usually used in libraries and schools. The main purpose of the system is as an Internet filter, blocking minors using the public computers from accessing web content deemed inappropriate by the local administrators of the system based on the Acceptable Use Policy of the organization. The system is not installed locally (on each individual computer workstation), but installs on the server between the users and the open Internet. This feature makes it harder to bypass, though it is not uncommon for students with more extensive computer knowledge to attempt to bypass the system. The system allows for teachers or administrators to temporarily bypass the system if they need to access blocked sites for educational purposes.

The system is compliant with the Children's Internet Protection Act. Like other similar filters, Secure Web SmartFilter EDU has come under attack for unnecessarily impeding school research (false positives), being too aggressive in its filtering procedures or not being aggressive enough in its filtering procedures. Other critics believe that the imposition of Internet filtering software without the consent of the user constitutes a violation of the First Amendment.

title: Secure Web SmartFilter EDU


text:
Concepción, Antioquia

Concepción is a town and municipality in the Colombian department of Antioquia. It is part of the subregion of Eastern Antioquia and located 75km from Medellin.

The village was declared "Site of Cultural and National Interest" in 1999, for its stone streets and its exceptional state of conservation.

Sites of Interest
This small town preserves very beautiful colonial sites such as the main Church, the "Casa de la Cultura", where the independency's leader Jose Maria Cordova was born, and several colonial streets, among them Tulio Ospina, Eloy Alfaro, Santander and Cordova. All around many naturalistic sites: Matasano's falls, Aguacate's natural pool and amazing pier inside social Athakai farm.

Climate
Concepción has a cool tropical rainforest climate (Af) due to altitude. It has very heavy rainfall year-round.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Concepción, Antioquia


text:
Concordia, Antioquia

Concordia is a town and municipality in the Colombian department of Antioquia. It is part of the sub-region of Southwestern Antioquia.

This municipality is located at 2,000 meters above sea level At 6° 2'59.82"N 75°55'11.88"W. Has a population of 25,000 including the surrounding areas. The inhabitants of this mountains survives mainly from the coffee trade.

It was founded in 1830 by Juan José Restrepo Uribe, and originally named as Selva Virgen (Virgin Jungle), it was later renamed La Comia.

title: Concordia, Antioquia


text:
Copacabana (Antioquia)

Copacabana is a town and municipality in the Colombian department of Antioquia. Founded in 1615, Copacabana is part of the Metropolitan Area of the Aburrá Valley.

title: Copacabana (Antioquia)


text:
Dabeiba

Dabeiba is a town and municipality in the Colombian department of Antioquia. The population was 22,717 at the 2018 census. The Battle of Dabeiba took place there in October 2000.

Climate
Dabeiba has a tropical rainforest climate (Af) with heavy rainfall year-round.

title: Dabeiba


text:
Don Matías

Don Matías is a municipality in Antioquia Department, Colombia. Part of the subregion of Northern Antioquia. Bordered to the north by the municipality of Santa Rosa de Osos, to the east by the municipalities of Santa Rosa de Osos and Santo Domingo, to the south by the municipality of Barbosa, and to the west by the municipality of San Pedro de los Milagros.

History
Since 1624 the Don Matías territory was occupied by settlers from the city of Santa Fe de Antioquia. In 1750 the places San Andrés, Las Ánimas, Las Juntas, La Chorrera began to be populated, and today it forms the urban population.

This occupation was the result of new government policies by the crown of Borbón, which the visitor Mon y Velarde applied in Antioquia, seeking the establishment of agricultural colonies in the north of the province. Those who occupied the present territory of Don Matías were basically mazamorreros, independent miners, who were awarded the title of their plots.

The municipality has had three names: Azuero, San Antonio Infante and Don Matías. The latter, Don Matías was chosen in 1787 in honor of Don Matías Jaramillo, a man who had a rich mining settlement in the territory where the population now lives. The garment industry in the town was established in the 60s, thanks to the decentralization of manufacturing industries in the city of Medellín. In this way came to the township of Don Matías the industrial clothing company, which almost exclusively produced for a company called Caribou. Thus, the community found a source of employment, as the municipality for those years was basically agrarian.

A decade later garment factories began to emerge where those industrial garment company workers, having learned the trade, decided to start their own small industries. Today Don Matías has extensive national and international recognition. One of its main attractions is the Riogrande Dam.

Demographics
The population was 14,208 at the 2018 census. In 2009, the total population was 19,458, with 12,663 inhabitants constituting the urban population and 6,795 counted as rural population. Literacy rate was 91.3% in 2005.

According to figures from the Government of Antioquia based on Quality of Life survey 2004 the prevailing socio-economic strata in the municipality of Don Matías is 2 (low) which includes 70.9% of all homes. It is followed by stratum 3 (medium-low) with a 23.3%. Then there is the stratum 1 (low-high) with 4.4% of homes. Finally there is the 4 (medium) including 1.4% of homes.

Demography
According to figures presented by the DANE census 2005, the ethnic-racial composition of the township are
 * Whites & Mestizos (99.7%)
 * Afro-Colombians (0.2%)
 * Indigenous (0.1%)

Economy
Don Matías bases its economy mostly on the textile and apparel industry, pigs and dairy cattle, and the timber industry.
 * Livestock: Dairy Cattle, Pigs
 * Industry: Apparel
 * Timber

title: Don Matías


text:
Ebéjico

Ebéjico is a town and municipality in the West of Antioquia Department, Colombia. The population was 10,338 at the 2018 census.

Limits
Ebéjico is bounded on the north by the municipality towns of Santa Fe de Antioquia, Sopetrán and St. Jerome, on the east by the towns of San Jerónimo and the Antioquia Departmental capital city, Medellín, on the south by the municipalities of Heliconia and Armenia and to the west by the municipality of Anza. It is 42 kilometers from Medellín. Its area is 235 square kilometers.

History
Before the arrival of the Spaniards, the land Valley of the Township Ebéjico was inhabited by aboriginal tribes Ebexicos and Peques both of the Nutabes tribe family. In 1595, Don Gaspar de Rodas, having defeated the natives, proceeded to Ebéjico to allot land to the victors, and to entrust the native people to captain Manuel López Bravo. Already in 1830, the village had the original name of "Community." In 1833, by order of Governor Juan de Dios Aranzazu, the parish of Ebéjico was created and so called for the indomitable tribe of the same name. Governor Aranzazu erected in the municipal district the Valley of Miraflores Community and appointed it as the seat of the new town (now Ebéjico).

title: Ebéjico


text:
El Bagre

El Bagre  is a town and municipality in the Colombian department of Antioquia. It lies at an altitude of 57 m (187 ft) above sea level.

title: El Bagre


text:
Entrerríos

Entrerrios is a municipality in the Colombian subregion of Northern Antioquia, in the department of Antioquia. The population was 8,820 at the 2018 census. The population, according to the 2002 census, was 8,305 inhabitants.

title: Entrerríos


text:
Envigado

Envigado is a city and municipality due South of Medellín, Colombia in the department of Antioquia. It is located in the Metropolitan Area of the Aburrá Valley. It borders El Poblado, Medellín to the north, Sabaneta to the south, El Retiro and Caldas to the east, and Itagüí to the west.

Envigado is known for maintaining the traditions of the Paisa Region and for its architecture. It also has one of the highest standards of living in Colombia, and (according to the Colombian magazine Semana), has the country's lowest rate of what the magazine calls, “people with unmet basic needs”.

Its recent history is closely associated with Pablo Escobar and the Medellin cartel. Despite its connection with Escobar, the Aburrá Valley now has one of the lowest homicide rates in Colombia: 6 for every 100,000 people,

Envigado is the hometown of the Colombian writer and philosopher Fernando González. His house, Otraparte, today is a cultural center and museum dedicated to his memory and works.

Demographics

The population in the 1993 census was 115,484 inhabitants, and in 2012, it had a population of 199,276. In 2013, Envigado was estimated to have a total population of 212,437 according to a projection from a 2018 DANE census.

Envigado's demonym is "Envigadeño."

History

Envigado was founded in 1775 and was declared a municipality in 1814. The founders were José Antonio Isaza y Atuesta, Lucas de Ochoa y Tirado, and Vicente Restrepo.

Some researchers suggest that its name comes from the large trees that were once found there and which were used for the rafters (vigas) in constructing houses.

Spaniards in search of gold arrived in the Aburrá Valley for the first time in August of the year 1541. They left only a month after to continue their quest for gold, but returned 90 years later, at the beginning of the 17th century, to stay.

The rural Envigado was inhabited by wealthy Spanish families, which lived in prosperous residences that produced nourishment for Antioquia for about 150 years.

The urban Envigado only appeared after 1775 with the creation of the Santa Gertrudis Parish, which is now in the center of Downtown Envigado known as "El Parque de Envigado."

On July 10, 2016 Envigado became part of the Metropolitan Area, which brings together the other nine municipalities of the region - Caldas, La Estrella, Sabaneta, Itagüí, Medellín, Bello, Copacabana, Girardota, Barbosa.

Economy
Manufacturing is the main economic activity. This includes the Renault-Toyota assembly plant Sofasa. In addition, Envigado hosts the headquarters of Almacenes Exito, the largest chain of supermarkets of Colombia, particularly for textiles, soaps, and perfumes.

Sports
Envigado is home to a football (soccer) team called Envigado Fútbol Club which plays in the Colombian first division.

Inder Envigado
Inder Envigado is Envigado's Institute of Sports, Recreation, and Good Use of Free Time, which was founded as a decentralized institution on June 25, 1998. Its purpose is offering the community sporting and recreational activities in an effort to strengthen Envigado's human development. It counts with multiple sports venues as the Envigado Recreational Park, Alto De Los Sueños, Centro Polideportivo Las Cometas and the main venue Polideportivo Sur de Envigado, that is equipped with multiple sports courts including a BMX place for earlier training of Olympics gold medalist Mariana Pajón, Estadio Polideportivo Sur, Olimpic Swimming pool.

One of Inder's main projects is Envigado's cycleway, which is a weekly activity that takes place Sundays from 7 a.m. to 1 p.m. During that time, Inder restricts the passage of vehicles on one Envigado's main streets, La Avenida del Poblado, and opens it exclusively to Envigadeños for running, biking, skating and walking. Inder also offers several activities on the cycleway, such as outdoor community Yoga and Zumba sessions.

title: Envigado


text:
Fredonia, Antioquia

Fredonia is a town and municipality in the Colombian department of Antioquia. It is part of the sub-region of Southwestern Antioquia. According to the 2018 census, the population comprises 18,790 people.

title: Fredonia, Antioquia


text:
Frontino, Antioquia

Frontino is a municipality in the Colombian department of Antioquia. The population was 20,156 at the 2018 census.

title: Frontino, Antioquia


text:
Zonaradiko

Zonaradiko (Ζωναράδικος) is a traditional Greek folk dance from Thrace (Greece) that is named after the dance's handhold. Dancers hold the adjacent dancer's zonaria (belt) during the dance. Zonaradiko is a village line dance done in one form or another all over Greece. In each village the dance will look somewhat different, but the basic structure is essentially the same. The same dance is done in Bulgaria under the name Pravo. The variations below are a collection of steps commonly done by folk dancers throughout the US and as seen done by various groups in Greece. Many variations of the dance exist. In northern Thrace, zonaradikos turns into a fast tsestos. In western Thrace, the dance is led by the males, and the females follow towards the end of the line. As the dance nears the end, the first dancer moves to the centre and the others twist around him, then they "untwist" and go back to their normal positions. Mixed lines of men and women, holding belts. The leader is on the right. When the tsestos portion starts, either the entire line does the tsestos steps, or those doing the tsestos steps form a new belt-hold line inside (towards the center) of the original line. Traditionally, some or all of the men would leave the line and the women would either stop and watch or continue the pravo around the men's line. The entire dance is done with the knees bent. This position is especially evident in the tsestos.

Songs like Lianohortarouthyia (Λιανοχορταρούδια), Steryios Pismanipsi (Στέργιος Πισμάνιψι), and Vasilkouda (Βασιλκούδα) are all zonaradika.

title: Zonaradiko


text: User talk:69.210.83.204

title: User talk:69.210.83.204


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Nardelli's

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Woohookitty 09:14, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

Nardelli's
nn ad Wyss 02:45, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

Delete; nn, adv, deli | Celcius 02:49, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Hamster Sandwich 03:01, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as above. Three outlets doesn't make the grade. -Splash 04:03, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as above, three shops are nn. --Dysepsion 04:16, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Mauzi

Mauzi may refer to

 * Naseeruddin Mauzi (d. 1920), Indian Khilafat Movement activist
 * Robert Mauzi (1927–2006), French professor of literary history
 * Mauzi is the German name for the fictional Pokémon character, Meowth.

title: Mauzi


text:
Talk:Boards.ie

Legal Action
MCD PRODUCTIONS currently have taken legal action against Boards.ie. Maybe a sentance on that. --Dark archeus 07:26, 20 August 2006 (UTC)

its probably worth including alright but i havent a huge amount of knowledge on this other than the ban on talking about MCD events

More Legal Action Nov. 2012
Oil company seeks and obtains order to name individuals who posted damaging remarks on boards.ie against it: http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/ireland/2012/1129/1224327258662.html — Preceding unsigned comment added by 109.125.4.168 (talk) 01:02, 31 December 2012 (UTC)
 * The article you link to is behind a paywall. Would be interested to know more about this case and the outcome. 90.200.83.180 (talk) 18:10, 1 November 2014 (UTC)

Vote for Deletion
This article survived a Vote for Deletion. The discussion can be found here. -Splash 02:47, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

Response from the articles originator
When I first wrote this article I was worried that it might be seen as spam for what is technically a private website. However, boards.ie is a company solely for the reason that at the time it was impossible to get an Irish domain unless you were a company. It remains a privately owned operation simply due to backward Irish legislation. I think it is important that the internets emerging cities like Off-topic, Something Awful etc. are documented and updated to reflect the importance of how the internet is changing how people interact with each other and the growth of forums websites which could be comparable to the Industrial Revolution and the growth of real world cities.

Also, this article inspired our use of wiki technology (Biki) which in turn has popularised Wiki itself among the 40,000 boards.ie users as an authoritive source of information.

It is my humble opinion that deleting this article would not benefit Wiki in any way.

Thanks,

amp

'Interesting' arguement
Boards basically used trickery to wrongfully gain a '.ie' domain name under false pretences in the first place, and thus became a Limited company ... which should in no way hinder it on Wikipedia. Boards became big simply because of this bit of trickery, as everyone else played by the rules, and the two combined mean it should be noted on Wikipedia. Strange reasoning indeed ... — Preceding unsigned comment added by 109.125.4.168 (talk) 01:15, 31 December 2012 (UTC)

Too much detail
This article reads like a church newsletter.
 * 2004 saw a great deal of change with the upgrading of vBulletin 2 to vBulletin 3 and the addition of a new server

There is too much detail. How many gigs of data they transferred in 2003. Not interesting. What about: short description, short history, anything unique about it. Curtains99 13:42, 25 July 2006 (UTC)

Really?
I was not aware that articles in Wiki had to be interesting. I thought that they had to be merely factual.

amp
 * You are correct; articles do not have be interesting. They have to be notable (WP:N). Articles should be neutral, referenced and encyclopaedic, containing notable, verifiable knowledge (WP:RES). Otherwise, wikipedia would end up with articles about people's pencil collections or what they had for dinner last tuesday. So, if you have any neutral, encyclopaedic, notable, verifiable information to add to this article, go ahead. Put yourself in the position of a person who has never heard of boards.ie and looks up this article to understand what boards.ie is and how it differs from any other internet bulletin board. Curtains99 11:57, 29 July 2006 (UTC)

 * They have to be interesting. 193.1.160.112 09:29, 15 September 2006

 * "Interesting" a rather subjective concept surely ??? 90.200.83.180 (talk) 22:28, 1 November 2014 (UTC)

Slow servers
Curtains99, I claim that your re-edit of this article is not impartial, since highlighting the fact that boards.ie is slow on Wikipedia indicates some personal dislike for or issue with the site, in that you have to "broadcast" to readers that it is slow in such a prominent place in the article. You have the statistics to back it up, but I believe that posting those statistics in a factual article indicates a grudge. Please feel free to contact me if this is so, and I will see what I can do to resolve it. --Cloudie 22:10, 3 October 2006 (UTC)
 * I don't follow your reasoning. You accept the facts as presented but believe that the presence of any factual, critical information in a Wikipedia article is proof of a personal dislike or grudge. This is the appeal to motive fallacy. Would you prefer a Wikipedia that contained only positive information about its subjects?
 * Have a look at the Wikipedia guidelines on writing vanity articles (Vanity Guidelines). In particular, this section: "The key rule is to not write about yourself, nor about the things you've done or created. If they are encyclopedic, somebody else will notice them and write an article about them." and "A word of caution. Before you write a vanity article on yourself, your group, or your company, remember that, once the article is created, you have no more right or ability to delete it than does any other editor. More than one user has created a vanity article, only to find that, in the normal course of research, other Wikipedia editors have found new material that presents the subject in a less-than-flattering light. Generally, such material will be added to the article, providing it is verifiably true and noteworthy — to the chagrin of the original creator. So, before you create a vanity article, you might want to ask yourself if there is anything publicly available in your past history or that of your group or company that you would not want included in the article — because such material will probably find its way into the article eventually." Curtains99 08:28, 4 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Also have a look at Assume good faith. Please assume that other editors mean well unless you have proof to the contrary. Thanks Curtains99 11:33, 4 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Hi Curtains99 - Looking back, I was probably just over-reacting due to the placement of the statistic - and acting uncharacteristically paranoid. I certainly don't want a vanity article, and I think the more verifiable independent references that can support both positive and negative aspects the better. I don't think that there is much in the current article that could be identified as advertising despite the latest addition of a Notability tag. --Cloudie (talk) 14:23, 11 June 2008 (UTC)

Moderation
I would like to point out that not only are their servers slow, their moderation is quite terrible and they frequently ignore slews of complains their feedback/helpdesk forum. They seem to have a policy of making random peoples mods who are not qualified in the least. -- 78.19.173.131 15:09, 18 July 2007 (UTC)

Just to add to the above really. Boards.ie moderators frequently allow moderators to troll forums and follow people they don't like from thread to thread. They then ban people who have 'crossed the line', having been wound up by friends of the moderators. In doing this said friends are allowed to break the opaque 'rules' as much as they want.

There is nothing spectacular or different about boards.ie. It is simply a site that got in on the act early because the founder was tech. savvy and found a way to register a '.ie' name when no one else could ( due to ridiculous red tape in Ireland at that time regarding .ie registrations ).

A problem which is so chronic that it needs mention are the login problems. Their other site - adverts.ie - apparently shares a database with boards. This leads to strange clashes between the two on login, not least getting logged in to adverts and then getting a login error after typing a big long post. Flakey, to say the very least. Deadpc (talk) 21:00, 30 October 2009 (UTC)

 * This has nothing to do with the article. See TPG "Article talk pages should not be used by editors as platforms for their personal views on a subject." Take it elsewhere folks. RubberTyres (talk) 18:59, 10 July 2010 (UTC)

Thanks for that RubberTyres. Just wondering then why you allow the pretence at boards.ie being all casual despite being a Ltd. company in the article - when in fact the company status is used to censor even the mildest discussions on topics they don't like? Or by people they don't like? I can provide you with a ton of links if you wish: it's well known. If you're going to have a rule, apply it properly. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 109.125.62.134 (talk) 16:43, 2 January 2013 (UTC)

How many actual users ?
Boards claim | to have 630,000 members (although as the article points out many of these may be banned, duplicate, inactive or closed accounts) and 2,400,000 unique users. What exactly is the difference between a member and a user ? Is it really the case that nearly 74% of users are merely lurkers who never bother registering an account letalone contribute. And seeing as how they cannot even give a figure for how many of those 630,000 are unique individuals (not duplicate account holders) still contributing on a regular basis how can they be so sure as to the uniqueness of those 2,400,000 "users" (most of whom seem to be unusually shy, lazy or uninterested enough to register -assuming of course they're not banned) ? 90.200.83.180 (talk) 13:25, 1 November 2014 (UTC)
 * According to thisthere are about 90,000 "active" accounts (user logs in at least once a month). No relaible way to determine how many are duplicate (Using IP addresses and/or cookies to determine this can give both false positives and negatives) 176.24.162.131 (talk) 19:58, 20 December 2014 (UTC)
 * In recent months the site has been experiencing a marked drop in the number of active users as interest shifts to reddit and social media platforms. They have updated the "look" of the site and reorganised the layout in an attempt to stem the decline 86.156.162.45 (talk) 13:56, 21 June 2016 (UTC)

Who are Daft Media
So who are Daft media/daft.ie ? Theres no article about them.

title: Talk:Boards.ie


text:
Talk:Friendly Persuasion (1956 film)

Josh
Josh (intently): Father thy knows we must fight.

Jess (thoughtfully): If thou has a sword in thy heart Josh pull it out and use it. But there's no sword in my heart no man is my enemy.

Josh: Well any man who kills innocent women and children is my enemy...my mortal enemy!

Jess: There's not one of us here who wouldn't die to defend the others but that's not what thy will be ask...what thy will be asked is to kill.

Josh: I know that...I'll kill if I have to.

Eliza (upset): Josh! thou shalt not kill!

Josh (now crying): Oh mother I hate fighting...I don't want to die!..I don't know if I could kill anyone if I tried!...but I have to try so long as others have too!

 * Uh, what's the point of having this quote on the talk page? SlowJog (talk) 08:19, 15 June 2024 (UTC)

Quaker elder?
As I understand it, Quakers are highly egalitarian and I don't think such a term or concept exists with them. Is "an elderly Quaker" intended? Mutt Lunker (talk) 08:29, 20 December 2007 (UTC)

Apparently the term is used. Will remove the tag. Mutt Lunker (talk) 11:20, 8 March 2008 (UTC)

Pacifism
I made an edit to the this entry that felt like it needed more than a few terse words of explanation. The first paragraph originally concluded with the sentence "The father of the family is gradually converted to supporting the war." This is misleading to the point that it misses the whole point of the movie. The father was never opposed to the aims of the war (so conversion in that regard was unnecessary) but he never once changed attitude toward the evils of warfare (so conversion in that regard was refused). It was the son, not the father, who wound up actually changing his stance toward fighting and killing. The son joined a militia and took part in an actual battle. The father, on the other hand, went to the battlefield only to make sure his son was still alive. Along the way he was even ambushed, and while he fought to defend himself from immediate attack, once his attacker was disarmed the father told the Confederate soldier to walk away, saying "I'll not harm thee." Even under extreme duress (anxiety for his son, anger over having just discovered the dead body of a friend, and fear for his own life), the father nevertheless held on to his pacifist beliefs. That is what makes the film so magnificent - it doesn't judge the son's decision as wrong, and it accepts that the son might very well be right, but the film also has the generosity of acknowledging the father's own heroism by *not* fighting.

I realize that this strays into the realm of opinion or even ideology, which is why I'm probably taking too long to explain this. But saying that the father "converted" to supporting the war is also an ideological judgment. That's why I changed the sentence merely to reflect that the family members had their pacifist beliefs "tested". Sorry for being so long-winded in this explanation.

71.201.53.242 (talk) 23:53, 12 August 2017 (UTC)

Sorry for the anonymous comment above - it was from me. AnneTG (talk) 23:54, 12 August 2017 (UTC)

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What are the inaccuracies?
According to the lede, "The film ... faced some criticism for inaccuracies in portraying Quaker views." I'd like to see a section added about those inaccuracies. In fact, one of the reasons I cam to this article was to see if the movie had inaccuracies in portraying Quakers, and what those inaccuracies might be. SlowJog (talk) 08:18, 15 June 2024 (UTC)
 * @SlowJog, it's in the Reception section:  Schazjmd   (talk)  08:23, 15 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Friendly Persuasion (1956 film)


text:
Swamp Women

Swamp Women is a 1956 American adventure film noir crime film directed by Roger Corman. It stars Carole Mathews, Beverly Garland, and Marie Windsor, with Mike Connors and Ed Nelson in small roles.

The film follows undercover police officer Lee Hampton, who infiltrates a band of three female convicts authorities allow to escape from prison. The escape is part of a larger plot to uncover a cache of diamonds hidden deep within the swamps of Louisiana. This film is sometimes also known as Cruel Swamp or Swamp Diamonds.

The film was financed by the Woolner Brothers, who later helped Corman set up New World Pictures.

Plot
Three escaped female convicts, along with an undercover policewoman, Lee Hampton, begin a search for stolen diamonds in the Louisiana swamps. The escape, allowed by the authorities, is part of a larger plan by the authorities is to trail the convicts and recover the diamonds. When notified that the stolen diamond cache has been recovered by the undercover officer, they plan to rearrest the women and return the diamonds to their rightful owner. The plan fails to work as designed.

During the inmates' search of the swamp, they steal a boat from a research geologist and his girlfriend, resulting in the girlfriend's death from the attack of indigenous alligators.

After recovery of the diamonds, one of the convicts double-crosses the others, attempting to sneak off with the guns and diamonds, but she is killed by one of the other convicts. The two remaining convicts begin to suspect the undercover cop, and threaten to kill the geologist if she doesn't reveal herself.

A fight ensues between the convicts and the undercover officer, assisted by the geologist, which allows the authorities enough time to show up and regain custody of the two remaining fugitives.

Cast

 * Marie Windsor as Josie
 * Carole Mathews as Lee
 * Beverly Garland as Vera
 * Mike Connors (Credited as Touch Connors) Bob
 * Jill Jarmyn as Billie
 * Susan Cummings as Marie
 * Ed Nelson as Police Sergeant
 * Jonathan Haze as Charlie the Pickpocket
 * Lou Place as Captain J. R. Goodrich

Development
Corman and his production partner Jim Nicholson were completing a long road trip searching for backers for their movies, often from drive-in theater owners, when they met the Woolner brothers—Lawrence, Bernard and David—who had opened New Orleans' first drive-in theaters. Looking to get into the production business, Corman said, the brothers agreed to help finance Swamp Women for Corman, who returned to Louisiana with his cast and crew for the production.

Larry Woolner's wife Betty said her husband "was crazy about" Corman. Woolner's son Jurt said “A big part of my father’s decision process was whether he could visualize the poster. So you can just imagine a movie called Swamp Women. That laid a very clear exploitation track to follow.”

A former Louisiana governor owned a large plantation, and invited the filmmakers to make a movie there. (The end credits thanks Mayor De Lesseps Morrison and Police Chief John Dayries of New Orleans and Governor Robert Kennon of Louisiana.)

Shooting
Filming started in October 1955. The film was shot on location in Louisiana near the town of Lacombe, and was shot in either 10 or 22 days, depending on the source.

Jonathan Haze, who worked with Corman a number of times, had a small role in the movie and also worked as a fight co ordinator for the women. He says the Woolner brothers had him arrested and put in prison as a joke, but called them "really good people. They played hard-guy, but deep down they were nice. Barney was always in a hurry, while Larry was much more cool and quiet, and not so much of a character.”

Beverly Garland, who would go on to make several films with Corman, called the movie: A terrible thing! Roger put us up in this old, abandoned hotel... I mean, it was really abandoned!... I'm surprised that the hotel had running water! I remember that we each had a room with an iron bed. Our first night there, I went to bed, and I heard this tremendous crash! I went screaming into Marie Windsor's room, and there she was with the bed on top of her— the whole bed had collapsed! Well, we started laughing because everything was so awful in this hotel, just incredibly terrible, and we became good friends. Windsor confirmed this, saying Corman is "such a nice guy. but he's sure hard on you out on the location."

Mike Connors recalled, "the girls in that picture had it much worse than I did. They were playing escaped convicts, and they captured me. They had to trudge through the mud, the swamps, pulling this rowboat, and I was sitting in the rowboat high and dry." However at the end of the film he had to dive into the water which "had snakes and stuff in it, and it was just terrible. But to Roger, it was like [shrugs], 'So you get bit by a snake — big deal!' It was a horrendous experience, I'll tell you — just the worst."

Connors said he had to do scenes near an alligator in the water (it was tied up) and a rattlesnake which crawled over his leg (its mouth was taped). "I had nightmares for weeks after I got back, about that.. .big snake," said Connors.

Ed Nelson, later of Peyton Place fame, was living in New Orleans at the time, working as a floor manager for WDSU, when he heard of the film. "I had the gut feeling that being a part of the Corman group would boost my career," Nelson said. "I was right."

Nelson got himself a job behind the scenes on the movie and eventually was cast as a cop as well. Nelson later said, "I did everything: I was the location manager, I wrestled the alligator. I held it up in the water so that Mike [Touch] Connors could  wrestle it. " He added, ""This included bringing the limited supply of hot water to the almost primitive hotel rooms at the Georgian Manor so the performers and crew could bathe. I made hot coffee for the cast and crew, and maintained a cooler of cold Barq's Root Beer, Louisiana's favorite soft drink, when the heat was at its worst."

Wild animals, such as an alligator and a rattlesnake, were hired from Arthur Jones, who then ran a roadside attraction off Highway 11 in Slidell.

At the end of the film Garland's character was killed with a spear and fell out of a tree. She recalled: "They got me up in this tree and Roger said, 'When you're killed, you have to drop'— and this was a big tree! I'm not exaggerating when I say it was at least a 20-foot drop. I said, 'Well, will somebody be there?' And Roger said, 'Yes, they’ll catch you.' And by God, they had three guys underneath. And when they killed me, I just fell— dead weight- on these three poor guys! Roger said to me, 'You're really one of the best stuntwomen I have ever worked with.'" After making the movie Nelson went to see Corman in Hollywood and went to work for him, doing all sorts of jobs as well as acting. Based on his behind-the-scenes help and his role, he would go on to appear in about 15 Corman productions. He returned to Louisiana to film another low budget movie, Bayou, shot near Barataria Bay.

Reception and legacy
The film was released on a double bill with Gunslinger, also directed by Corman with Garland. The Los Angeles Times said both movies "take ones credulity firmly by the neck, shake it, twist it, and finally bend it double before the action, such as it is, ends."

Another reviewer for the same paper said it had "stock tropic terrors."

While called "weak filler exploitation fare" by Variety, they cited that Corman's full use of the bayou was a plus.

The Monthly Film Bulletin agreed, liking the setting of the film in the swamps as giving a clichéd story a new aspect and said it was "not to be recommended for the fainthearted".

The Los Angeles Examiner found the film to be bogged down in cliche and apathy. The CEA Film Report found both the swamp setting and the footage of Mardi Gras to be a positive, but found the film as a whole uneventful.

Sight and Sound called it "more bizarre than accomplished" but thought it had "some rather diverting sidelights on female psychology."

The film was listed in the 1978 book The Fifty Worst Films of All Time by political pundit Michael Medved.

The Woolners later went on to finance Teenage Doll for Corman. Then in the early seventies they helped finance Corman's first movies for New World Pictures, The Student Nurses and The Big Bird Cage, before setting up their own company, Dimension. In July 1993, the film was featured in the movie-mocking television show Mystery Science Theater 3000 under the title Swamp Diamonds and with the instructional short What To Do on a Date.

In the pilot episode of 2019 Hulu series Reprisal, clips from Swamp Women are briefly seen during a sequence set at a drive-in movie theater.

Home media
The MST3K version of the film was released by Rhino Home Video as part of the Collection, Volume 10 (out-of-print on both Rhino's and MST3K's official websites) and Collection, Volume 10.2 DVD sets. As of January 2010, Volume 10.2 is out-of-print on Rhino's official website, but still available on MST3K's official website.

title: Swamp Women


text:
User talk:Ryanpickett2005

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. Wikibofh 02:48, August 20, 2005 (UTC)

Removed Sonia Sotomayor of 2nd Circuit?
Any particular reason why you removed Sonia Sotomayor of the 2nd Circuit from the Bush Supreme Court candidates article? It's beyond question that her name has come up in that context. Cheers! -- BD2412 talk 03:36, 9 September 2005 (UTC)
 * All of the candidates are wish-list candidates except one - the one that gets picked! Sotomayer was originally appointed to the Federal Bench by Bush Sr., so it's not out of the question... and the article is not about Bush's candidates (i.e. nominees), but rather candidates for Bush to select from. -- BD2412 talk 03:58, 9 September 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:Hleslie.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Hleslie.jpg. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the media also doesn't have a copyright tag then you must also add one. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then you can use GFDL-self to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media qualifies as fair use, please read fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

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title: User talk:Ryanpickett2005


text:
Talk:Scrumpy Jack

Vote for Deletion
This article survived a Vote for Deletion. The discussion can be found here. -Splash 02:48, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

WikiProject Food and drink Tagging
This article talk page was automatically added with WikiProject Food and drink banner as it falls under Category:Food or one of its subcategories. If you find this addition an error, Kindly undo the changes and update the inappropriate categories if needed. The bot was instructed to tagg these articles upon consenus from WikiProject Food and drink. You can find the related request for tagging here. Maximum and careful attention was done to avoid any wrongly tagging any categories, but mistakes may happen... If you have concerns, please inform on the project talk page -- TinucherianBot (talk) 05:30, 4 July 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Scrumpy Jack


text:
Talk:Pami

Vote for Deletion
This article survived a Vote for Deletion. The discussion can be found here. -Splash 02:49, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pami


text:
Olaya

Olaya may refer to:

People

 * Andrea Olaya (born 1994), Colombian freestyle wrestler
 * Eloy Olaya (born 1964), Spanish football forward
 * Enrique Olaya Herrera (1880–1937), Colombian journalist and politician, President of Colombia
 * José Olaya (1789–1823), Afro-Peruvian hero in the Peruvian War of Independence
 * Olaya Pérez Pazo (born 1983), Venezuelan beach volleyball player

Places

 * Olaya, Antioquia, a municipality in the department of Antioquia, Colombia
 * Olaya (Riyadh), a modern commercial area in northern Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
 * Pasaje Olaya, a street in Lima, Peru

Other uses

 * Olaya (TransMilenio), a bus rapid transit station in Bogotá, Colombia
 * Olaya (ship), a tanker ship that served in the Royal Canadian Navy as HMCS Provider and the Peruvian Navy as Organos

title: Olaya


text:
Girardota

Girardota is a town and municipality in Antioquia Department, Colombia. Girardota is part of The Metropolitan Area of the Aburrá Valley. Its population was estimated to be 54,439 in 2020.

title: Girardota


text:
Gómez Plata

Gómez Plata is a town and municipality in the Colombian department of Antioquia. It is part of the subregion of Northern Antioquia. The population was 8,235 at the 2018 census.

Climate
Gómez Plata has a cool tropical rainforest climate (Af) due to altitude. It has very heavy rainfall year round.

title: Gómez Plata


text:
O (Cirque du Soleil)

O is a water-themed stage production by Cirque du Soleil, a Canadian circus and entertainment company. The show has been in permanent residence at the Bellagio in Las Vegas, Nevada, United States, since October 1998. O, whose name is pronounced the same way as eau, the French word for "water", takes place around and above a 1.5 e6USgal pool of water. It features water acts such as synchronized swimming as well as aerial and ground acts. The O theatre, which is designed to resemble a 14th-century European opera house, has 1,800 seats, thus allowing the performance to be watched by 3,600 people a night since the performance usually plays twice in a given day. The theatre was also designed to meet the special demands of the show.

O was inspired by the "infinity and elegance of water's pure form," which pays tribute to the beauty of the theatre. A group of 150 stage technicians assists in the production of the show, the cast of which is 85 performers: international acrobats, synchronized swimmers, and divers. Some of them are former Olympic athletes.

History
Since late October 2010, Cirque du Soleil has offered backstage tours of the O theatre. The experience allows visitors to see the backstage wings, training rooms, costume workshop, break area, underwater lighting area, and go up to a catwalk into the sound and lighting booths. Not every experience will be the same as the tour is conducted around a "regular day", so performers may or may not be training, rehearsing, or even working out.

As of early 2011, O has grossed over $1 billion since the show opened in 1998.

O has received many awards, including the following:
 * Entertainment Design Award, best production show, 1998
 * Las Vegas Review-Journal, best production show, 1999–2006
 * THEA, live show category, 1999
 * Prix Italia, creativity in high definition, 2009, for the documentary Flow

O had its 10,000th performance on 1 September 2019.

Set and technical information
The show has a cast of 85 acrobats, synchronized swimmers and divers performing in and above a 1.5 million-gallon pool. When maintenance needs to be performed, the pool is drained in about 12 hours to the Bellagio Lake, causing the lake's water level to rise 1 in. The pool is kept at 88 F and has an underwater speaker system and regulators that allow performers to breathe underwater. Every member of the cast is scuba-certified.

The underwater stage lift was produced by Handling Specialty. In order for the platform stage to rise and fall in the water without a wake, the rubber surface of the stage is perforated.

Cold air vents under each seat help control the theatre temperature for the audience. The goal is to maintain two temperature zones in the theatre: the stage is kept at a higher temperature of 84 F, while the audience area is kept at a lower temperature of 72 F. A mesh false ceiling allows warm moist air to escape out of the top of the theatre.

To minimize damage to the musical instruments, the musicians play from glass enclosures in the theatre. Some of the musical instruments used in the show are more than 100 years old. The unique string instrument heard in the soundtrack of O is an erhu, a traditional Chinese bowed string instrument.

To maintain a fresh look on the performers, some performers have multiple sets of costumes so they may reappear dry despite having been in the water. Some of the costumes only have a lifespan of approximately 20 shows due to the bromide and chlorine in the water.

Additional facts about the show:
 * Some of the props function as boats, like the umbrella that Le Vieux rides on the water.
 * There are 15 technicians underwater during the show, performing various tasks such as artist handling and props manipulation.
 * The horses that the Comets ride in the show weigh 900 lbs.
 * The clown house weighs over 7000 lbs.
 * Hanging 49 feet above the stage, the carousel and téléphérique (a conveyor system) carry tons of equipment as well as performers during the show.
 * Most of the props that are used during the show are actually driven by the performers who ride them. For instance, the carousel horses have a small propeller underneath their tails; they are controlled by a joystick located on the back of the horse.

Costumes
Costumes for O drew inspiration from many sources: commedia dell'arte, the Baroque, India, the Arabian Nights, as well as Venetian courtly fashions. The costumes' silhouettes are defined by the design and are accentuated by the transparency of the selected materials and fabrics. Many costumes' base design are leotards which are then expounded upon: this includes the Zebras and Flayed Ones, among others. The Flayed Ones' leotards, for example, originally had hand-painted muscles on them, as digital screen-printing was inaccessible at the time of creation. Another special attribute critical to costumes in O is their treatment to help withstand the water and chemicals in it. To achieve this feat, roughly 40% of the costumes have been applied with a specific type of silicon sizing. In addition, the materials chosen are more durable and had to be able to both mould to the performer's body and dry quickly. Over the years the best fabric found for the costumes has been nylon mesh, which performs well either wet or dry.

Additional facts regarding the costumes:
 * A separate room was built with timed heaters and fans to air-dry many of the costumes which cannot be tumble-dried.
 * Sixty loads of laundry are done nightly to wash the costumes which can be machine washed.
 * The swimmers' costumes are replaced every 3 months.
 * The Comets' costumes last for a full year.
 * All wigs and headpieces had to have chinstraps added.

Music
The music of O was composed by Benoit Jutras and features a mix of classical Western and world instrumentation, including Chinese violin (erhu), bagpipes, African guitar and harp (kora), Colombian guitar, cello, ancient woodwinds and a wide variety of percussion instruments. During the show, the score is performed by a live band situated behind glass walls above and to the side of the stage. The glass protects the musicians' equipment from moisture damage.

O's music was recorded at the Bellagio and released on November 24, 1998. The album was re-released on September 6, 2005. The songs are listed below with their corresponding act in parentheses.

Album track list (and acts in the show accompanied by each song):
 * 1) Jeux d'Eau (Solo and duo trapeze)
 * 2) Mer Noire (Barge)
 * 3) Tzelma (Interlude from bateau)
 * 4) Africa (Interlude from clown act 1)
 * 5) Remous (Bateau)
 * 6) Svecounia (Interlude from contortion, cerceaux)
 * 7) Nostalgie (Intro to russian swings)
 * 8) Simcha (Character parade, Russian swings)
 * 9) Gamelan (Contortion)
 * 10) Ephra (Flying man and cadre)
 * 11) Désert (Opening, nage, solo and duo trapeze)
 * 12) Terre Aride (Fire)
 * 13) O (Finale)

Additional songs in the show not included on the album:
 * Danse (Clown act 2) (2001-present)
 * Debbie (Journey of Man) (Washington/solo trapeze)
 * Festival (Interlude from Fire)
 * Sur Terre (Clown act 2) (1998-2000)
 * Plouf (High dive)
 * La Glace (Clown act 1) (1998-2000)
 * Reda Ver.1 (Opening) (1998-2000)
 * Reda Ver.2 (Opening) (2001-present)
 * Confluence (Interlude from Cerceaux)
 * Merou (Washington trapeze) (1998 only)
 * Nenuphar (Intro to contortion)
 * Robinet (Clown act 1) (2001–present)
 * Humoresque No. 7 Opus 101 (Opening Interlude) (1998-2000)
 * Aurora (Opening Interlude) (2001–present)

Filmography
In 2007, Cirque du Soleil released the film Flow (A Tribute to the Artists of "O"). The documentary was filmed in the O theatre and by the Colorado River. The film shows certain artists performing out around the river as well as on stage and provides information on the necessary technical equipment used to produce the performance. Bonus features of Flow include: performance clips, Russian swing act, technical information and film below the surface of the O pool, and information about the creation of O itself.

In 2009, Flow won the Prix Italia award for the category of Creativity in High Definition.

The following acts were used in Cirque du Soleil: Worlds Away:
 * Synchronised swimming
 * Bateau
 * Fire
 * Duo trapeze
 * Contortion
 * Aerial hoops

title: O (Cirque du Soleil)


text:
Talk:In Defense of Internment

Vote for Deletion
This article survived a Vote for Deletion. The discussion can be found here. -Splash 02:50, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

Quote
"Prior to 9/11, Malkin held a different opinion of the Japanese internment. In May, 2000, she wrote: "There is no denying that what happened to Japanese-American internees was abhorrent and wrong."" manner.

Yet the article nowhere says that the book called the internment right. If the book doesn't claim it was right, then claiming it was wrong isn't a different opinion.

If Malkin actually claimed the internment was right, then that seems like a rather large omission in the article. If Malkin didn't claim the internment was right, then the paragraph should be removed, since it's not a different opinion. And if you think Malkin claimed the internment was right, but can't directly say that in the article because you can't prove it to the satisfaction of Wikipedia, then you shouldn't be saying it in a roundabout If nobody produces a quote from the book stating that Malkin thinks the internment was right, I'm going to remove the paragraph. (Note that "some aspects of the internment that are commonly believed wrong were right" doesn't equate to "the internment was right".) Ken Arromdee 07:21, 23 September 2006 (UTC)

 * I may add that the quote (only available at the Internet Archive now) is taken out of context. Malkin, in fact, was denying the connection between the internment and discrimination against Asian-American soldiers.  She said the internment was wrong to emphasize that she was only disagreeing with one particular belief about it, not the whole thing.  It's misleading to use this quote to imply that Malkin had no disagreement about the internment before September 11. Ken Arromdee 07:38, 23 September 2006 (UTC)

 * It's gone now. Ken Arromdee 16:05, 28 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Ken, the book is actually quite confusing. Malkin seems to have many opinions, very few of which she sticks too. She defends the internment as founded on the MAGIC transmissions and fair. As John Herzig so deftly wrote in his article the MAGIC transmissions were shown only to about a dozen people. None of the people who fought in favor of internment had access to these transmissions, in fact the opposite is true. Stimson and McCloy had access and they were initially against the idea. On top of this Malkin presents an idea that the internment was fair because the other Axis races were treated with equal enmity. This is not true by a long shot. General DeWitt when questioned about Italian and German Americans stated “You needen't worry about the Italians at all except in certain cases. Also the same for the Germans except in individual cases. But we must worry about the Japanese all the time until he is wiped off the map.”(Personal Justice Denied,66) This shows the double standard that Malkin claims didn't really exist. --Monkeyman08854 19:26, 19 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Malkin goes out of her way to dirty Japanese-Americans, lumping them in with Japanese nationals & equating acting as drivers with spying. (I notice the Bush Administration is equating it with terrorism, so this should come as no surprise.) Moreover, her credentials as a historiographer are in serious question. Blogger & political hack don't qualify you as a historiographer. And Malkin's weakness show.  TREKphiler   hit me ♠  06:04, 2 August 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:InDefenseOfInternment.jpeg
Image:InDefenseOfInternment.jpeg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 08:33, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Fixed by CltFn. Thanks! CWC 11:11, 17 June 2007 (UTC)

Examples of Criticism
Someone recently added this 2004 column by Tom Ikeda and Scott Oki as an External Link in the Michelle Malkin article. I'm not sure it's a WP:RS here, but it might have some use as an example of the reaction to this book. Cheers, CWC 11:14, 17 June 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:InDefenseOfInternment.jpeg
Image:InDefenseOfInternment.jpeg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

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BetacommandBot (talk) 22:36, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

Delete the "Alex Jones Confronts Malkin" section
All it states is that Jones confronted Malkin. He is a marginal figure at best, and it adds nothing to the article to observe that he briefly followed her around while yelling. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.111.161.156 (talk) 21:49, 24 September 2008 (UTC)

 * I agree. And it also is linked to a disambiguation page, not the actual Alex Jones (is he even one of the three)?  TCO (talk) 14:32, 2 November 2008 (UTC)

 * I've deleted it. The confrontation doesn't appear notable and the text didn't add anything to the article. ·:· Will Beback  ·:· 22:36, 2 November 2008 (UTC)

Neutrality
This article is awful in its current state. There is no discussion of the content of the book, its cultural impact (if any), or historical context or placement in any kind of political discourse. We have a one-sentence summary of the content followed immediately by criticism and responses - we devote more space to criticism and response than we do to the subject itself! I'm no fan or supporter, but this is outrageous. --64.172.173.138 (talk) 21:25, 15 March 2011 (UTC)

 * Their is limited discussion of the book because the book flopped. Past versions of this article featured praise/discussion from obscure racist white nationalist sites like VDARE, which was the only audience which paid attention to this nonsense. The only thing here that is outrageous is the "thesis" (if you can even really call it that) of this book. San s culottes 16:05, 13 May 2012 (UTC)
 * Saying that a book "flopped" that was on the NYT Bestseller list seems like a mistake. Did you read the book? I thought it made its difficult and outrageous point well, had lots of interesting detail, and was a worthwhile contribution to the discussion. The fact that lots of Japanese-Americans were understandably offended and lots of others too doesn't change that.MikeR613 (talk) 14:52, 12 July 2015 (UTC)

BIAS ALARM! But what else do you expect from Wililiberpedia? She's a supersmart gal and I love her. She makes you think and is bold and proud to be an American. Just like Ann Coulter. --24.177.0.156 (talk) 18:32, 14 November 2015 (UTC)

Book summary
How about the author of this article address the contents of the book instead of merely quoting authors and "civil rights" activists who are critical of it? Does that sound like fair treatment of the book, for crying out loud?

Answer: No.  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.123.221.148 (talk) 17:13, 20 November 2015 (UTC)

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title: Talk:In Defense of Internment


text:
Field recording

Field recording is the term used for an audio recording produced outside a recording studio, and the term applies to recordings of both natural and human-produced sounds. It also applies to sound recordings like electromagnetic fields or vibrations using different microphones like a passive magnetic antenna for electromagnetic recordings or contact microphones. For underwater field recordings, a field recordist uses hydrophones to capture the sounds and/or movements of whales, or other aquatic organisms. These recordings are very useful for sound designers.

Field recording of natural sounds, also called phonography (a term chosen to illustrate its similarities to photography), was originally developed as a documentary adjunct to research work in the field, and Foley work for film. With the introduction of high-quality, portable recording equipment, it has subsequently become an evocative artform in itself. In the 1970s, both processed and natural phonographic recordings, (pioneered by Irv Teibel's Environments series), became popular.

"Field recordings" may also refer to simple monaural or stereo recordings taken of musicians in familiar and casual surroundings, such as the ethnomusicology recordings pioneered by John Lomax, Nonesuch Records, and Vanguard Records.

General
Field recording often involves the capture of ambient noises that are low level and complex, and, in response, the requirements from the field recordist have often pushed the technical limits of recording equipment, that is, demanding low noise and extended frequency response in a portable, battery-powered unit. For this reason, field recordists have favoured high-quality (usually professional) recorders, microphones, and microphone pre-amplifiers. The history of the equipment used in this area closely tracks the development of professional portable audio recording technology. Modern accessories used in the field include, but are not limited to: windscreens (foam, fur, hair, parabolic reflector), shock mounts, microphone cables, digital audio recorders and so on.

Field recording is typically recorded in the same channel format as the desired result, for instance, stereo recording equipment will yield a stereo product. In contrast, a multitrack remote recording captures many microphones on multiple channels, later to be creatively modified, augmented, and mixed down to a specific consumer format.

Field recording experienced a rapid increase in popularity during the early 1960s, with the introduction of high-quality, portable recording equipment, (e.g., the Uher, and Nagra portable reel-to-reel decks). The arrival of the DAT (Digital Audio Tape) in the 1980s introduced a new level of audio recording fidelity with extended frequency response and low self-noise. In addition to these technologies, other popular means for field recording have included the analog cassette (CAC), the DCC (Digital Compact Cassette), and the MiniDisc. The latest generation of recorders are completely digital-based (hard disk/Flash). It is also possible to use personal electronic devices, (e.g., a smartphone or tablet), with software, to do field recording and editing.

In addition to recording and editing, the process of field recording also involves these skills. Ability to monitor (observe the relevant signals to ensure recording and settings are correct), control levels (correct decibel range and headroom), create neat documentation (handling, annotating, and tagging the recorded material), clean up (cutting out unwanted noises, processing, etc.), and file management.

Basic Techniques
There are three basic techniques that involve the placement of field recording microphones which result in varying directivity. The three techniques are known as A/B, XY, and M/S.

A/B
In other words, A/B is known as the spaced pair. A/B, or the spaced pair is formed by setting two separate microphones (either cardioid or omnidirectional) in parallel with one another. There is intentional space left between the two microphones in order to capture a wide stereo image of a desired sound. This technique is often utilized in an indoor recording of multi-string instrumental settings, music ensembles, and so on.

XY
XY is the most frequently used stereo recording technique. It typically involves setting a complement pair of microphones in a coincident (XY) pattern. This technique is used to replicate the way in which our ears function (see binaural hearing). XY as a technique is dependent on the delay of sound that arrives at one of the microphones a minuscule fraction of a second sooner than the other. This way, the technique produces a remarkably rich sense of ambiance. However, there is a downside to this technique, as it is fixed in the way that widening or shrinking to control the ambiance is not a possibility.

M/S
Unlike XY, the M/S technique was created to allow for control over the level of ambiance. The logic behind it is that the Mid microphone functions as a center channel, and the Side microphone adds additional ambiance that can either be intensified or subtracted. This can take place either live during the recording or afterwards during editing.

Physically the layout involves a directional microphone as the center, with an omnidirectional microphone placed 90-degrees off-axis from the sound source. This layout captures the central microphone's signals from the side. During the editing phase, the audio track from the Side microphone is required to split into two channels, with left (panning set to 100% L), and right (at 100% R).

One of the two sides (right or left), should be processed by reversing their phase. Visually, it involves flipping the desired wave upside down, which increases the sense of ambiance due to a minute misalignment between the two.

New techniques
Newly developed techniques include the creative placement of microphones, (including contact microphones and hydrophones, for example), the diffusion of captured sounds, and individual approaches.

Career
A field recordist is an individual that works to produce field recordings. Typically the work involves recording sound outside of a controlled environment like a studio (field recording is an analog of studio recording), to be used or repurposed as sound effects that get inserted into all sorts of media, such as plays, video games, films, and television shows. A career as a professional field recordist is a tough, but potentially rewarding one. A field recordist must often face ever-changing weather, be patient, and willing to capture sounds in potentially dangerous locations. A typical day could range from recording ambient noise in a library to recording the thundering sounds of a grand waterfall. Just as the recordings can vary, the amount of work can as well. Most typically work as freelancers with other side jobs to support the slow periods of recording.

Brief early history of field recordings
The earliest known field recording is of a Shama bird. It was recorded in 1889 by Ludwig Koch using a wax cylinder recording. This was the first documented recording of a non-human subject. The distinction between whether field recordings are art or music is still ambiguous, as they still serve both purposes. Some early proponents of this important, yet unknown field consist of examples like Walter Ruttman's Weekend (which was a radio piece put together from recording of daily life in Berlin), and Ludwig Koch's 'sound-books' (which educated listeners in species identification using gramophone records of birdsong). These field recordings and many others ended up being stored in vinyl to be sold to enthusiasts, hobbyists, and tourists alike a few decades later in the 1950s, 60s, and 70s.

Ethnomusicology
Field recording was originally a way to document oral presentations and ethnomusicology projects (pioneered by Béla Bartók, Charles Seeger, and John Lomax). In the case of Bartók, his own studies helped alter the generally unfavorable view of Eastern European folk music at that time. He grew to admire numerous regional styles from both firsthand experience and recordings, eventually incorporating these styles into his own compositional works.

Bioacoustics
Field recording is an important tool in bioacoustics and biomusicology, most commonly in research on bird song. Animals in the wild can display very different vocalizations from those in captivity. Ambient noise in urban environments have also shown to alter the vocalizations of local bird populations.

In addition to birds, whales have also been frequently observed using field recordings. In recent years, COVID-19 has had largely negative effects on the world as a whole, but through recent field recordings, it has been shown that whales have been less stressed and generally more healthy. This is due to a large decline in international commerce and naval shipping during the pandemic, and by extension much less noise and disturbance in the ocean's soundscape.

Music
The use of field recordings in avant-garde, musique concrète, experimental, and, more recently, ambient music was evident almost from the birth of recording technology. Most noteworthy for pioneering the conceptual and theoretical framework with art music that most openly embraced the use of raw sound material and field recordings was Pierre Schaeffer, who was developing musique concrète as early as 1940. Further impetus was provided by the World Soundscape Project, initiated by Canadian composer R. Murray Schafer in the 1970s; this work involved studying the acoustic ecology of a particular location by the use of field recordings.

Field recordings are now a common source material for a range of musical results, from contemporary musique concrète compositions to film soundtracks, video game soundtracks, and effects. Chris Watson, formerly of Cabaret Voltaire, is now perhaps the world's leading exponent of this art, with his recordings used for David Attenborough's series for the BBC, programmes for BBC Radio, and many other outlets. Another notable application of field recordings as of contemporary music is its inclusion in some vaporwave tracks, commonly recordings of public areas such as malls or grocery stores to add atmosphere.

Another example of the use of field recordings is by the American musician Stuart Hyatt who combines his field recordings with the experimental music of himself and other musicians.

The sounds recorded by any device, and then transferred to digital format, are used by some musicians through their performance with MIDI-interfaced instruments. A contemporary artist with great success for his compositions is Christian Fennesz.

Earlier innovators who are noted for the importance and boldness of their projects are Luigi Russolo, who, in 1913, with his manifesto, L'arte dei rumori (The Art of Noises), gave musical value to environmental noise. He also designed and built the Intonarumori—the first instruments for making noise. Francesco Balilla Pratella utilized the Intonarumori in his opera, L'aviatore Dro, which was written in close collaboration with Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, (the founder of the Futurist movement).

Radio documentary
Radio documentaries often use recordings from the field, e.g., a locomotive engine running, for evocative effect. This type of sound functions as the non-fictional counterpart to the sound effect.

Politics
During the early years of commercial recordings, the speeches of politicians sold well, since few people had radios. The HMV ("His Master's Voice") catalogue for 1914–1918 lists over a dozen such records. Probably the last time such records sold well was in 1965, when the LP, The Voice of Churchill, reached number 7 in the UK album charts. This was immediately after Churchill's death.

title: Field recording


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Granada, Antioquia

Granada is a town and municipality in the Colombian department of Antioquia. The population was 9,204 at the 2018 census. It is part of the subregion of Eastern Antioquia. For More Info Amigranada

Climate
Granada has a subtropical highland climate (Cfb). It has very heavy rainfall year-round.

title: Granada, Antioquia


text:
Guadalupe, Antioquia

Guadalupe is a town and municipality in the Colombian department of Antioquia. Part of the subregion of Northern Antioquia, it lies at an elevation of 1,875 m (6,152 ft) above sea level.

title: Guadalupe, Antioquia


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Guarne

Guarne is a town and municipality in the Colombian department of Antioquia. In 2020, the population was estimated to be 52,129. It is part of the subregion of Eastern Antioquia. It is situated 24 km east of Medellín.

History
The first settlers of Guarne were Tahamíes Indians who came from the Nare River. In 1541, Alvaro Mendoza entered the Guarne area, but finding no gold, returned to the Aburrá Valley. In 1640, searching for gold, Captain Fernando del Toro Zapata and Diego Beltran del Castillo arrived at Guarne. The first non-Amerindian settlers of the area of Guarne were slaves. In 1757, Guarne became part of Rionegro, and in 1814, Juan del Corral created the Guarne Township.

title: Guarne


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Talk:Acid breaks

Hey sammy this is kirk do you have any new records from Zak Bi have a few of his old ones and i was wondering if he put out any more.and i also heard some where i cant remember where from.but his old work is like impossible do get a hold of i have tried now for over 7 years and i still havent found any of them .do you know how many acid breaks pressings he put out and also where i might get some thanks for your help ...kirk pantone

This article was nominated for deletion; the consensus was to keep it. See Articles for deletion/Acid Breaks. CDC  (talk)  23:05, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Acid breaks


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Guatapé

Guatapé is a town and municipality in the Department of Antioquia, Colombia. It is a part of the subregion of Eastern Antioquia and is located 79 km from Medellín, the capital of the department. Guatapé is bordered on the north by Alejandría, San Rafael to the east, and Granada and El Peñol to the south. This town is the gathering place for Las Vegas, referring to the small farms of the area.

It lies at an altitude of 1,890 meters above sea level.

The town is a major tourist attraction, especially for travelers from Medellín. El Peñón de Guatapé, a large rock that visitors can climb, and the famous zócalos (murals) that adorn several buildings attract many tourists.

History
Before Spanish conquistadores reached the area in the 16th century, this territory was inhabited by indigenous groups, some controlled by a cacique named Guatapé. In his honor, the town was named after him. The name "Guatapé", comes from the Quechua language, related to "stones and water". Another name that the town had in the past was "La Ceja de Guatapé".

In 1714, the indigenous people under Guatapé of this region were grouped into a shelter known as "San Antonio de Remolinos Peñol". Traces of their existence come from clay urns found in the town of Alto Verde, and several archaeological sites not yet studied in the villages of La Peña, La Piedra, El Roble, and El Rosario.

Guatapé was founded on 4 October 1811, by the Spaniard Don Francisco Giraldo y Jimenez. It was declared a municipality in September 1867.

Guatapé has changed throughout its history. It was predominantly a farming town that relied on livestock, agriculture, and mining. Empresas Públicas de Medellín built a large hydroelectric complex here in the 1970s. This megaproject produced large impacts on social, economic, political, environmental, and cultural development in the locality. With the construction of this dam, Guatapé became one of the most important electric production centers in the country.

The neighboring town of El Peñol and rural parts of Guatape were destroyed as a result of the flooding of valley which created the El Peñol-Guatapé reservoir, displacing thousands of residents and resulting in the forced evacuation and rebuilding of the town a few miles west of its former location.

Demographics
Total Population: 6,469 inhabitants (2015)
 * Urban population: 5,045
 * Rural population: 1,424

Literacy: 92.3% (2005)

Ethnicity: According to figures presented by DANE census in 2005, the ethnic makeup of the township is the following:
 * Mestizo & White (99.96%)
 * Afro-Colombian (0.04 %)

Sites of interest

 * Calle del Recuerdo ("Memory Lane")
 * El Peñol-Guatapé Reservoir (es)
 * El Peñón de Guatapé (see below)
 * Parish Church of Nuestra Señora del Carmen (es)
 * Chapel of Our Lady of Santa Ana
 * Community Historical Museum
 * Pueblo de Zócalos

La Piedra

El Peñón de Guatapé is a rock formation that borders a lake. It formed along the Antioquia Rock Base (batolito de antioquia), 70 million years ago. With two-thirds of its height below ground, the exposed vertical face is over 200 meters high and visible from throughout the surrounding countryside. Visitors can scale the rock via a staircase built into one side, a path that includes more than 708 steps to the top.

Zócalos
Each building has tiles along the facade's lower walls in bright colors and dimensioned images. Many of the tiles are tied to the products sold by the shops, or the beliefs of the residents. Others are cultural images of the farming heritage of the community.

title: Guatapé


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Heliconia, Antioquia

Heliconia is a town and municipality in Antioquia Department, Colombia.

Climate
Heliconia has a relatively cool tropical rainforest climate (Af). It has heavy rainfall year round. The average temperature is around 27.7 °C (81.9 °F), and the average annual rainfall is 3,054 mm (120.28 inches).

title: Heliconia, Antioquia


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Itagüí

Itagüí is a city and municipality of Colombia, located in the south of the Aburrá Valley in the Antioquia Department. It is part of the Metropolitan Area of the Aburrá Valley.

Demographics
The population was estimated to be 289,994 in 2020. The population at the 2005 census was 230,272 on an area of 17.74 km2.

History
Founded in 1743, Itagüí was declared a municipality in 1832. Its name comes from (according to some historians) the name of an indigenous chief, Bitagüí. Two of Itagüí’s most iconic inhabitants include Diego Echavarría Misas and Eladio Vélez.

There were two chapels in Itagüí in colonial times; one was in the place of the Tablaza that had been owned by Bruno Saldarriaga, built with the permission of the Bishop of Popayán, Francisco José de Figueredo (granted December 19, 1743). Saldarriaga, with Francisco Riaza, gave an extension of thirty blocks for expansion. This chapel was what later came to be elevated to the status of parish.

In 1774, the priest of Medellín, Juan Salvador de Villa, called for the creation of four parishes: Medellín, Bello, Envigado and Itagüí. On 29 April 1825 party Itagüí neighbors gave Mr. Joaquín Vélez Velasquez to represent them before the civil and ecclesiastical governments to achieve this party was elevated to parish district. Then, Mariano Orjuela Garnica took office as the first bishop of Antioch and the attorney raised the request, but Monsignor Garnica said I should go first to the civil authority, i.e., the governor of the province. This was done, but the governor, Gregorio Maria Urreta was adverse and so reported in a communication of 13 January 1829.

In 1832, Urreta founded the first primary school, at first known by the name of Don Manuel Antonio Piedrahita for several years. It was a private facility, and only in 1871 was opened publicly. On 26 March 1876, Itagüi was connected by Telegraph. This was unveiled when Mayor Joseph M. Ruiz sent the first telegraph message to President Don Reccared in the state of Villa.

In 1931, the first municipal aqueduct was constructed. On 13 May 1945, the Itagüi Library was unveiled, built by philanthropist Diego Echavarría Misas]p. In 1962, he began building the first formal City Hall. In 1967, the renowned painter of Itagüí, Eladio Vélez, died. In 1993, the Administrative Center Municipal of Itagüí (CAMI) and the Estadio Metropolitano City of Itagüí were inaugurated. In 2006, Itagüí and Medellín city limits were defined by an industry sector called Bethlehem.

Etymology
The territory of the present Itagüí was, along with those of Envigado and Sabaneta, a territory inhabited by Nutabes, indigenous tribe which some historians and researchers are classified within the Chibcha language family. The town was inhabited from the early days of the sixteenth century.

Some historians that the name comes from the indigenous chief "Bitagüí", apparently his tribe inhabited this territory, although this may be just a legend. Initially Bitagüí site belonged to different owners, many of whom lived in Medellin. However, later, was inhabited by people who had ties to the founding families of "the Villa" (Medellin).

Geography
Itagüi is located south of the Aburrá Valley, a valley in the Andes, has an area of 17 km2, making it the third smallest municipality in Colombia. The municipality is fully urbanized in the flat.

Itagüi has a relief with inconsiderable heights belonging to the Central Cordillera. The heights are: High Manzanillo and the hills of Three Sweet Names and El Cacique The main stream is the Medellín River, which forms the border with the municipalities of Envigado and Sabaneta. The most important tributary of the river, in the town, is the creek Dona Maria Itagüi walking from west to east.

Economy
Itagüí has a favorable tax rate compared to the surrounding Antioquia Department in having a higher tax collection; which has resulted in the development of major infrastructure in the last 10 years, making it one of Colombia's most important economic engines. Itagüí became the site of Colombia's first motorcycle assembly plant when Auteco opened a factory there in 1962. It also has the presence of other big companies like Carrefour, which has worldwide recognition as Walmart.

A large distillery, FLA, has operated for a century manufacturing rums, liqueurs, aguardientes and other distilled beverages.

The city has the Municipal Administrative Center Itagüí (CAMI), which holds the government and regulating the economy and politics of the city. The CAMI is an urban complex that performs the functions of the local town hall in the subregion Itagui Aburrá Valley in the department of Antioquia in Colombia.

Political structure - administrative
Itagüí is governed by a democratic system based on administrative decentralization processes generated from the proclamation of the Colombian Constitution of 1991. The city is governed by a mayor (executive) and a Municipal Council (legislative power).

Itagüí Mayor is the head of government and municipal administration, representing legal, judicial and extra to the municipality. It is a position elected by popular vote for a four-year period, which currently is held by León Mario Bedoya López for the period 2012–2015. Among its main functions is the administration of the resources of the municipality, to ensure the welfare and interests of their fellow citizens and represent them in the national government, while supporting local policies to improve their quality of life, such as health programs, housing, education and road infrastructure and maintain public order.

The council is a public corporation Itagüí popular vote, made up of 19 councilors from different political, democratically elected for a four. The council is the legislative body of the municipality issued mandatory arrangements within its territorial jurisdiction. Its functions include the mayor approving projects, determine the structure of local government and the functions of its dependencies, issue budget organic standards and issue annual budget of revenues and expenditures.

To manage the municipality, the Mayor has 12 departments, 3-way and 4 advisory offices:

Administrative division
Itagüí is composed of the county seat, divided into 64 districts organized into six districts, and a township called Manzanillo consisted of 8 paths.

Itagüí bordered to the north the city of Medellin, creating a conurbation that currently is unclear, since both municipalities are in border disputes. The communes and districts are:

Metropolitan Area of the Aburrá Valley
The Metropolitan Area of the Aburrá Valley is a political entity administrative sits throughout the Aburrá Valley at an average altitude of 1,538 m.

The area consists of 10 municipalities, and is crossed from south to north by the Medellín river which, being born south of it in the town of Caldas, and in the north, in the town of Barbosa, takes the name of Rio Porce.

It was the first metropolitan area created in Colombia in 1980, and is the second metropolitan area population in the country after the Capital District of Bogotá. The total population, which adds the urban and rural population of the ten cities is of 3.312.165 inhabitants.

The main urban area of the Metropolitan Area of the Aburrá Valley is located in the center of the valley and consists of the four largest cities by population: Medellín, Bello, Itagüí and Envigado.

Culture
Although the town has been known Itagüí in the national as a locality with a strong industrial and commercial vocation, it would still be a major cultural center of the Aburrá Valley and the Antioquia department. Itagüí shown to have important exponents of the art, in painting with Eladio Vélez, in writing, the poet Carlos Enrique Sierra and sculpture find Salvador Arango. Eladio Vélez On behalf of the School of Art this Eladio Vélez Art School Itagüí a historic place in providing artistic alternatives for citizens.

The rich cultural treasures customs of a population cheerful, hardworking, with a high degree of religiousness and the strength of its own that since ancient characterizes Antioquia department. The main cultural precinct Itagüí is the House of Culture of Itagüí Diego Echavarría Misas. Recently opened Museum Graciliano Arcila Vélez, located in a historic district for Itagüí, rosary, as this is found indigenous parts of the tribes that inhabited this territory. Itagüí has the South Auditorium which hosts various events, among them the Festival Theatre Itagüi City.

Famous People

 * Salvador Arango (1944)
 * Camilo Monroy (1998)

Festivals and events

 * The Festival of Industry, Trade and Culture lasts eight days, ending with the World Day of Laziness. Both were started in Itagüí.
 * Theatre Festival City Itagüí
 * Poetry Festival Park
 * October event, Our Lady of the Rosary
 * Party of New Year

Transportation
The city has four metro stations: (Itagui, Envigado, Sabaneta, and La Estrella) that link it directly to Medellín and other municipalities. It has a vast bus system that transports people to and from the metro stations as well as a taxi system which conforms with the needs of the city.

Sports
Itagüí was home to a football team called Itagüí F.C. from 2008 - 2014 that played in the Colombian first division. However, the team moved to Rionegro in the 2015 season and switched names to Águilas Doradas.

However, the city was not left without a professional team for long; in 2016, a new team was established in Itagui named Leones. They began play that year and were promoted to the top division for the 2018 season, but currently play in the second division as of 2023. The team plays in Estadio Metropolitano Ciudad de Itagüí.

title: Itagüí


text:
Hispania, Antioquia

Hispania is a town and municipality in Antioquia Department, Colombia. It is part of the sub-region of Southwestern Antioquia.

title: Hispania, Antioquia


text:
Ituango

Ituango is a town and municipality in the Colombian department of Antioquia. P\It is part of the subregion of Northern Antioquia. The population was 23,784 at the 2018 census.

title: Ituango


text:
Jardín

Jardín (Garden), is a town and municipality in the southwest region of Antioquia, Colombia. It is bounded by the Andes, Jericó, and Támesis municipalities to the north and the Caldas department to the south. The municipality is located between the San Juan River and a branch of the Western Cordillera. Jardín is identified by its preserved colonial architecture, lush vegetation, and abundant rivers and streams.

Among others, rivers that flow through Jardin include the San Juan, Claro, and Dojurgo. Trout that is caught in the local rivers is a popular dish in the area.

The municipal anthem of the town is "Hymn to Jardín". Mean daily temperatures are 19°C with moderate humidity.

According to the 2018 census, the population comprised 13,541 people.

Toponymy
Regarding the name "Garden" (Jardín) that belongs to this town, legend says that when the founders came to the Alto de las Flores ("Flower hilltop"), from the Sietecueros village, they saw the valley that is today Jardín. At the time, it was entirely a jungle, full of white snakewood and crossed by two riachuelos. On seeing the beauty of the area, the settlers began to call it a garden.

History
The earliest evidence of human settlement in the area comes from graves that probably belonged to people of the Chamíes ethnicity and Catio language. These people were also known as "Docatoes", after the nearby Docató River (today the San Juan River).

Colonization of Antioquia was at its peak in the 1860s. During this time, a settler named Indalecio Peláez claimed huge tracts of land between two riachuelos known as Volcanes and El Salado in 1863. In 1864, Dr. José María Gómez Angel, a well-known priest, and two other priests came to Jardín after fleeing from General Mosquera, who at the time was in Medellín. These priests came up with the idea to create a more independent village in the area, and they discussed this idea with the aforementioned farmers and early settlers.

In 1871 Jardín was declared a parish. In 1882 it was declared a town by Luciano Restrepo, who at the time was the president of the then Antioquia State.

In 2012, the Colombian government named Jardín a heritage town of Colombia, making it the second municipality in Antioquia to earn the distinction.

Climate
Jardín has a subtropical highland climate (Cfb) with abundant rainfall year-round.

Architecture
Unlike some other municipalities of Antioquia, Jardín has remained largely unchanged for the last 140 years. The colonial architecture predominant throughout the area is characterized by whitewashed buildings with brightly painted doors, balconies, and cowhide chairs. Several of the chairs are hand-painted with scenes and landscapes from the local culture.

Demographics
According to figures presented by the National Administrative Department of Statistics 2005 census, the ethnographic makeup of the town is as follows:
 * Mestizo and White: 89.3%
 * Indigenous: 10%
 * Afro-Colombian: 0.7%

Economy

 * Agriculture: coffee, plantain, sugarcane, and beans
 * Tourism
 * Trout fishing
 * Artisan crafts, traditionally made by nuns

In the past, most inhabitants dedicated their lives to growing coffee, plantains, beans and sugarcane. Today, tourism is in this city is a basic source of income. The town is unique in having over 40 hotels, when larger municipalities of Antioquia usually do not have more than ten.

Main plaza
Like many traditional towns, the plaza is the main center of activity in Jardín. Principle Park, also known as El Libertador plaza, was declared a national monument of Colombia in 1985. It is frequently visited for its nearby shops and inns. The floor is paved with rocks from the Tapartó river. The site features color wooden chairs and several gardens.

The town's main church is the Basilica of the Immaculate Conception, declared a National Monument of Colombia in 1980. This basilica was built from hand-cut stones from the Tapartó river nearby in a Neo-Gothic style. It was declared a minor basilica in 2003.

Cable-car ride
Completed in 2007, Jardín has two cable-car lines. The lines were created to help peasants from the villages of La Selva, La Linda and La Salada enter the town to sell their goods and then return, and also to boost tourism.

One cable-car ride to a local mountain peak known as the Flower Hilltop (Alto de las Flores) or Cristo Rey, in reference to the statue on site, provides a great view of the town. It has a balcony for looking at the town and a cafe. As of Fall 2018, this cable car is not currently in operation, however you can also arrive by hiking.

The second cable-car ride goes to a viewpoint by the name of La Garrucha on the opposite side of town from Alto de las Flores. There is a cafe and balcony with another great view of the town. This viewpoint can also be reached by vehicle or as part of a 4 mile hiking loop.

Other attractions
Paintball in the Jardín countryside has also become a popular pastime in recent years.

Jardín is surrounded by several nature reserves that are popular tourist destinations. One example is where La Herrera ravine and La Bonita ravine join together, forming what is known as the "Heart Puddle" (Charco Corazón).

Other places of interest include the following:
 * Touring the colorful balconies of the houses and buildings in the municipality, many of which feature flowers.
 * Cave of Splendor, which can be reached by walking 10 kilometers from the town.
 * Clara Rojas Museum has 19th century furniture and relics from the colonization period of Antioquia.
 * Yellow-eared Parrot Nature Reserve
 * Moto-Ratón Tour - These so-called "motorcycle mouses" are motorcycles that pull a small cart with people. They take visitors on a tour throughout the town.
 * Trout farms, especially the "Estadero El Arka".
 * Dulces de Jardin is a famous confectionery shop in the area, started in 1995 by Mariela Arango.
 * César Moisés Rojas Peláez House of Culture, which houses the ashes of Colombian writer Manuel Mejía Vallejo. This building opened in 1880.
 * Santa Gertrudis Chapel
 * "Morro Amarillo", which houses an indigenous cemetery.
 * Chorro Blanco
 * Café JARDÍN
 * Parque Natural Jardín de Rocas

title: Jardín


text:
Jericó, Antioquia

Jericó is a town, municipality and Catholic bishopric in the Colombian department of Antioquia. It is part of the subregion of Southwestern Antioquia. The distance reference from Medellín city, the capital of the department, is 104 km (64.6 miles). It lies 1,910 m (6,266 ft) above sea level.

History
The town was founded on September 28, 1850, by pioneer Santiago Santamaría. It was established as municipality on 1851. During a territorial rearrangement on the country on 1908, Jericó became the capital of the homonymous department until 1911.

In 2013, Jericó became the third municipality in Antioquia to be named a Pueblo Patrimonio (heritage town) of Colombia.

Religion
Its Catedral de Nuestra Señora de las Mercedes, dedicated to Our Lady of Mercy, is the episcopal cathedral see of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Jericó (founded 1915, when the first cathedral was built). Due to some damages, the first church had to be replaced by the present cathedral, since 1949. The town is the birthplace of Laura of Saint Catherine of Siena, canonized as saint by Pope Francis on 2013.

Notable people from Jericó

 * Héctor Abad Gómez
 * Francisco Luis Lema
 * Manuel Mejía Vallejo
 * Laura of Saint Catherine of Siena
 * Jesusita Vallejo
 * José Restrepo Jaramillo

Sites of Interest

 * Botanical Garden
 * Cristo Salvador viewpoint
 * Bomarzo cultural center
 * Cerro Las Nubes natural reserve and viewpoint
 * Casa Museo de Santa Laura
 * Centro de Historia
 * Museo Antropologico y de Arte (MAJA)
 * Museo de Arte Religioso

Sources and external links

 * GCatholic - cathedral, with Google satellite picture
 * GCatholic - diocese, with Google map and satellite picture

title: Jericó, Antioquia


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La Ceja

La Ceja (Spanish: "The Eyebrow") may refer to:

 * La Ceja, Antioquia, a town and municipality in Antioquia, Colombia
 * La ceja (Spain), a landform of the Province of Albacete, Spain

title: La Ceja


text:
La Estrella, Antioquia

La Estrella is a town and municipality in Antioquia Department, Colombia. La Estrella is part of The Metropolitan Area of the Aburrá Valley. The population was estimated to be 75,517 in 2020.

title: La Estrella, Antioquia


text:
La Pintada, Antioquia

La Pintada ; is a town and municipality in the southwest region of the Antioquia department. It is located 79 miles from Medellín at an altitude of 600 m (2,000 ft) above sea level. It borders the Fredonia and Santa Bárbara municipalities to the north. The Cauca River flows through the municipality.

Places of interest

 * Slopes of the Poblanco and Arma rivers
 * Yellow hill
 * Alejandro López railway station
 * El Salto del Caballo
 * Acapulco beach

title: La Pintada, Antioquia