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Charlotte Trolley

The Charlotte Trolley was a heritage streetcar that operated in Charlotte in the U.S. state of North Carolina. The line ran along the former Norfolk Southern right of way between Tremont Avenue in the Historic South End in a northerly direction to its terminus at 9th Street Uptown. It ran on tracks mostly shared with the Lynx Blue Line.

History
The Charlotte Trolley represented the return of streetcar service to the city of Charlotte since the closure of its original network on March 14, 1938, which had been in operation since May 18, 1891. The return of the trolley came on August 30, 1996, running in the evenings on Thursday, Friday and Saturday nights and Sunday afternoons for an initial six-month trial period. The trial period occurred on a 1.8-mile rail line between the Atherton Mill trolley barn and Stonewall Street.

Through the initial six months of operation ending on February 28, 1997, the trolley saw a ridership of 25,000. As a result of the success of the trial run of the trolley, Norfolk Southern awarded the trolley a one-year extension of the agreement to use its track.

After a new bridge was completed over Stonewall Street, 7-days-a-week service commenced between Atherton Mill in the South End and 9th Street Uptown on June 28, 2004. Operations prior to that date were run by a group of volunteers (some retirees) where some of them were hired by the Charlotte Area Transit System (CATS) which has operated the Trolley since that time. At that time, CATS purchased three replica trolleys similar to number 85, an original Charlotte car dating from the 1920s.

Suspension and end of trolley service
Service was temporarily halted on February 5, 2006, when construction began to convert the route into a light rail line. Initially service was to only be halted for a year, with the trolley running approximately a year before light rail service commenced. However, by November 2006 CATS determined it would be unfeasible to run the trolley service with the corridor still under construction.

Service resumed on April 20, 2008, with the vintage trolley cars running on the same tracks as the LYNX light rail vehicles. With the opening of the Lynx Blue Line, the Charlotte Trolley ended its daily service. It continued to run on weekends until the service completely ended on June 28, 2010. However, Charlotte Trolley still maintains a trolley museum just outside East/West Boulevard station.

Service stock
The line operated three replica streetcars, numbered 91, 92 and 93. They were delivered to Charlotte Trolley from Gomaco Trolley Company in the fall of 2004. Beginning in July 2015, these units were then used to operate Phase 1 of the CityLynx Gold Line between Charlotte Transportation Center and Hawthorne & 5th station, and were withdrawn in June 2019 when Gold Line service was suspended to allow for completion of Phase 2. They were sold in late 2020 to the Memphis Area Transit Authority, for eventual use on the MATA Trolley system.

Number 1
Trolley No. 1 was originally built in Philadelphia by J.G. Brill in 1907 for Athens, Greece. The trolley's restoration was complete in 1989 by trolley restorer Bruce Thain of Guilford, Connecticut.

Number 85
Car 85, built in 1927, was the last electric streetcar to run in Charlotte on March 14, 1938. Alexander Garfield Collie, Sr. supervised the drivers when the streetcars were retired. His son, Alexander Garfield Collie, Jr. was driving car 85 for its final run in 1938. In his personal diary, Collie Sr. wrote of the car's final run into the barn. Directing his son, Collie, Jr. to "move over," he took the controls of number 85 for its final run. After retirement it was sold for $100, along with all the remaining cars. Following the system closure, Charlotte would rely solely on bus transit to serve its citizens until the opening of the Blue Line in 2007.

Car 85 was subsequently sold, stripped of its motors and seats, and sold to the N.C. Air National Guard, which used it for office space at the Charlotte airport. In 1939-1940, it was again sold and converted into a diner/concession stand at Caldwell Station, N.C., being used in this role until the early 1950s. Around late 1951, it was purchased for $125-150 by Daisy Mae Trapp Moore, a Huntersville resident, who moved it into her backyard and converted it into a mobile home to house relatives. The car was subsequently occupied by various renters. Its last occupant, construction worker Clay Thompson, lived in the former Car 85 from approximately 1972 to late 1987, when the town of Huntersville condemned the makeshift residence as it lacked indoor plumbing. Though Moore had intended to use the former streetcar as a storage shed, she sold it to the Emergency Properties Fund of the Charlotte Mecklenburg Historic Properties Commission for $1,000 on April 12, 1988.

Following the streetcar's discovery, the Charlotte Historic Landmarks Commission led the charge in its restoration. On May 6, 1988, the streetcar was returned by road to Charlotte and stored behind the Discovery Place Museum for preservation and restoration. Original drivers' stools from the Charlotte streetcars and a period trolley bell were located and donated to the project. By the end of 1989, the streetcar had been moved to a former city bus barn, where restoration continued. Motors, trucks, wheels and electrics were sourced from retired streetcars in Melbourne, Australia. Initially named "Trolley Car No. 2" but unofficially called "Car 85", the streetcar was conclusively identified as Car 85 when surviving interior identifying numbers were revealed during restoration work in 1990. Its restoration was completed in 1991 at a cost of just over $100,000. That year, when car 85 was reintroduced to service, passengers on its first official, public run included a number of Collie's descendants: son Charles Reid Collie, Sr. and wife Louise Briggs Collie, and grandsons John Wayne Collie, Thomas Alexander Collie, and Roy Alan Collie (born after the death of his grandfather, Collie, Sr.)

Returning to service in 1996, number 85 served riders through 2006 when service was temporally halted. In March 2007, it was announced that due to safety concerns, it would not be used as part of the historic trolley network after its reopening in 2007. Charlotte Trolley, Inc., which owns the car, entered into a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) in 2008 with the City of Charlotte to allow special excursions for it up to twice per year. Car 85 was housed in CATS' light rail maintenance facility on South Blvd until 2014, when in order to make room for three replica trolleys intended for use on the CityLynx Gold Line, it was loaned to the N.C. Transportation Museum and displayed there for four years. In June 2018, Lakewood Trolley, a Charlotte nonprofit, secured a 10-year lease for the future use of Car 85 on a former trolley line located along the Stewart Creek Greenway west of uptown Charlotte. Car 85 returned to Charlotte in July 2018. Work to restore the trolley line and develop the necessary infrastructure remains ongoing.

Number 117
Asheville 117 was manufactured in 1927 by J.G. Brill and is commonly known as a Birney Safety Car. In the fall of that year, the Carolina Power & Light Company purchased ten of these cars to operate in Asheville, North Carolina. It currently awaits restoration at the Charlotte Trolley Car Barn.

title: Charlotte Trolley


text:
Category:Inorganic carbon compounds

For an alternative listing of inorganic compounds of carbon, please see inorganic compounds by element,

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Inorganic carbon compounds


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Jess (falconry)

A jess (plural "jesses") is a thin strap, traditionally made from leather, used to tether a hawk, falcon, or owl in falconry. Jesses allow a falconer to keep control of a bird while it is on the glove or in training, and allow a bird to be secured on a perch outside its aviary.

Types
Jesses come in various types:

 * Flying/Hunting jesses: short jesses without the swivel slit so as to not hamper the hawk as it flies or to snag on things as it moves from perch to perch—mainly to help control the bird while on the glove in the field. Flying jesses are often even smaller and lighter than hunting jesses, and are permanently attached to their anklets so they will not be lost; both types may have the swivel slit on them, based on the falconer's preference, but most often do not.
 * Mews jesses: long jesses that the hawk wears while it is in a mews or an aviary.
 * Traditional and Aylmeri: See below.

Description
Jesses are generally made from strips of leather as thin as possible, for which purpose kangaroo leather has become increasingly popular over the years, as it is thin, light-weight and extremely durable with proper care. Jess size varies depending on the bird, but the width is proportional to leg-length. Traditional jesses are made from a single length of leather, and slits are placed strategically along the jess to allow it to be looped through itself and around the ankle of the bird so that it fits comfortably but securely about and just above what would be the bird's ankle. With Aylmeri jesses, as created by Major Guy Aylmeri, the end of the jess is instead looped through itself repeatedly to form a "button", or knob at one end. The thin, pliable end of the jess is then threaded through an anklet worn by the bird, which is itself formed of another rectangular strip of leather, bound together at the ends by a grommet (usually of brass), prevented from slipping through the grommet by the knobbed end. Often, another slit is placed near the thin end of the jess cut about one inch long and running lengthwise, through which a special type of swivel is fitted, preventing the whole arrangement from twisting or tangling about itself or the bird when a leash is threaded through the other end.

Their intent is more to prevent the risk of the bird deciding to chase something it shouldn't, and less to keep the bird from getting away, as falconry birds are routinely (and as part of the sport) set free—the bond between bird and falconer serves as a much better leash than any leather or rope ever will; however, it is not always desirable that a bird be able to take flight at its own whim, and both on the glove and on the perch, jesses help ensure this.

During hunting season (small game season for North American falconers), jesses are generally worn all season in the mews, and are often removed for the course of the spring/summer moult, when they are generally re-oiled and serviced as necessary.

title: Jess (falconry)


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User:Wschamps04

Ben's Page

'Use the talk page as a forum/discussion page! you don't need a wikipedia username just write your name at the bottom of the page'

Links:
 * Blog
 * Ben Briggs Software
 * Web Site
 * IM me on AIM

title: User:Wschamps04


text:
User talk:Cps

Welcome! Bienvenue! Willkommen!
Hi Cps, and a warm welcome to Wikipedia! I hope you have enjoyed editing as much as I did so far and decide to stay. Unfamiliar with the features and workings of Wikipedia? Don't fret! Be Bold! Here's some good links for your reference and that'll get you started in no time!

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Most Wikipedians would prefer to just work on articles of their own interest. But if you have some free time to spare, here are some open tasks that you may want to help out :

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Please don't forget to sign when you write on talk pages, simply type four tildes, like this: ~. This will automatically add your name and the time after your comments. And finally, if you have any questions or doubts, don't hesitate to contact me on my talk page. Once again, welcome! =)

- Gryffindor  15:22, September 2, 2005 (UTC)

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Fair use rationale for Image:PreacherCuster.jpg
Thanks for uploading or contributing to Image:PreacherCuster.jpg. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is not a suitable explanation or rationale as to why each specific use in Wikipedia constitutes fair use. Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale.

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title: User talk:Cps


text:
User talk:Knerq

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --Merovingian (t) (c) 15:22, September 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
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Image copyright problem with Image:Interchangeable Needle System.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Interchangeable Needle System.jpg. However, the image may soon be deleted unless we can determine the copyright holder and copyright status. The Wikimedia Foundation is very careful about the images included in Wikipedia because of copyright law (see Wikipedia's Copyright policy).

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Image Tagging Image:Sock on two circulars.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Sock on two circulars.jpg. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

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 * I have changed this based on the statement on the User page: "All the images I've uploaded, I've taken myself." Rmhermen 22:16, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (File:International School of Beijing.jpg)
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ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:09, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:33, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

File:Sock on two circulars.jpg needs authorship information
Dear uploader:

The media file you uploaded as File:Sock on two circulars.jpg appears to be missing information as to one (or more) of the following :
 * 1) The author or creators of the work, (including information as to the author's lifespan).
 * 2) Where and how this particular version was obtained.
 * 3) When the work was created,

If you did provide such information, it is currently confusing for others trying to make use of the image.

It would be appreciated if you would consider updating the file description page, to make the authorship of the media clearer.

Although some images may not need author information in obvious cases, (such where an applicable source is provided), authorship information aids users of the image, and helps ensure that appropriate credit is given (a requirement of some licenses).

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Please also add authorship and sourcing to other files you created or uplopaded. You can find a list of files you have created [ in your upload log].

If you have any questions please see Help:File page. Thank you. ShakespeareFan00 (talk) 15:32, 5 September 2018 (UTC) ShakespeareFan00 (talk) 15:32, 5 September 2018 (UTC)

Confused. Unsure how to make edits. Knerq (talk) (Uploads)

Nomination of Georges Petitpas for deletion
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title: User talk:Knerq


text:
Brazilian aircraft carrier São Paulo

NAe São Paulo (pennant number A12) was a Clemenceau-class aircraft carrier in service with the Brazilian Navy. São Paulo was first commissioned in 1963 by the French Navy as FRENCH AIRCRAFT CARRIER Foch and was transferred in 2000 to Brazil, where she became the new flagship of the Brazilian Navy. IHS Jane's reported that during her career with the Brazilian Navy, São Paulo suffered from serviceability issues and never managed to operate for more than three months at a time without the need for repairs and maintenance.

On 14 February 2017, the navy announced the ship's demobilisation and subsequent decommissioning. On 12 March 2021 the carrier was sold to be scrapped. After Turkey rejected permission to dock, the Brazilian Navy scuttled the ship in the Atlantic Ocean on 3 February 2023, some 350 km off the Brazilian coast in 5000 m of water.

Background
The aircraft carrier São Paulo was built in France between 1957 and 1960, and served in the French Navy as Foch. In September 2000, she was purchased by Brazil for US$12 million – no aircraft were included in the price – to replace the aged World War II-era carrier BRAZILIAN AIRCRAFT CARRIER Minas Gerais, which had been in commission for over 40 years. Brazil had previously approached other countries, such as Spain, who wanted to construct a US$500 million carrier for Brazil, about the acquisition of a carrier. The government had already purchased a squadron of 23 used A-4 Skyhawk fighter planes from Kuwait for $70 million; these planes, along with existing helicopters already in the national defense inventory, were to compose the São Paulo fighter-bomber group. These A-4s (designated AF-1) are capable of carrying armament including rockets, free-fall bombs, and Sidewinder air-to-air missiles.

The Clemenceau-class aircraft carriers, of which São Paulo was the last surviving member, are of conventional CATOBAR design. The flight deck is 265.5 m long by 29.5 m wide; the landing area is angled at 8 degrees off of the ship's axis. The forward aircraft elevator is to starboard, and the rear elevator is positioned on the deck edge to save hangar space. The forward of two 52 m catapults is on the bow to port; the second catapult is farther back on the angled landing deck. The hangar deck dimensions are 152 m by 22 to 24 m with 7 m overhead.

In September 2000, São Paulo was purchased while still operational, an unusual process for such a large ship. She was received by the Brazilian Navy and was incorporated into the Brazilian Navy on 15 November 2000. The incorporation of São Paulo and the AF-1 fighter group marked the realization of Brazil's long-held goal of being able to conduct aerial defense of its naval forces with fixed-wing aircraft.

President Fernando Henrique Cardoso noted during the transfer ceremony that: "The transfer of the aircraft carrier São Paulo to the Operative Sector of the Navy adds to our naval power an important magnification in its ability of defense of the Brazilian interests at sea. A country as ours, possessing an extensive coast, with more than 7,000 kilometers of coast, requires a naval power compatible with its stature in the international scene. Today, as before, Brazil is concerned about implementing concrete measures that offer the nation the guarantee of respect to its sovereignty. We are and we will always be a nation that fights for peace, however, that does not mean being able to do without modern Armed Forces, enabled and endowed with adequate dissuasive potential. Few countries, even today, have the capacity to operate with efficiency in the high seas. It is important that Brazil continues to be one of them.'"

Since her construction, São Paulo received multiple upgrades, leaving her with a diverse range of technologies. The carrier arrived in Rio de Janeiro on 17 February 2001. São Paulo's complement was 1,920 (the ship's company was 64 officers and 1274 sailors, with an additional 582 in the air group).

Brazilian service
In her first three years of service as São Paulo, the ship completed several missions, some in foreign waters, particularly Operations ARAEX, PASSEX, and TEMPEREX, which is used annually to qualify and train the Argentine Navy's Super Étendards and S-2T Turbo Trackers.

Toward the end of her commissioned life, São Paulo mainly served to train pilots to fly carrier operations. She was actively used for the carrier qualification and re-qualification of rotary and fixed-wing pilots, and also to practice carrier-based attack missions.

2005 fire
On 17 May 2005, an explosion took place in a steam pipeline in the engine room. The explosion initially killed one crew member and injured ten others. All casualties were airlifted by helicopter to the Marcilio Dias Naval Hospital in Rio de Janeiro. Two of the injured crew later died in the hospital from their injuries. The cause of the explosion was a rupture in a steam pipeline. After this accident, the Navy decided to undertake an extensive overhaul to repair and modernize the ship.

Upgrade (2005–2010) and sea trials
During 2005–10, São Paulo underwent extensive modernization. The upgrade included repair of the steam turbines; maintenance of the surface condensers; retubing of boilers; repair of two high-pressure compressors; revision of the AC electrical generator; purchase of spare parts; maintenance of pumps, valves, and structural items; addition of two API oil-water separators; installation of two water cooling units; upgrade of the chemical oxygen generator; repair and treatment of oil tanks; substitution of the Naval Tactical Data System, installation of a closed-circuit television system; installation of an IFF transponder; installation of a MAGE system (ESM), flight deck inspection, repair, and painting; upgrade of the Optical Landing System processing unit; and revision of the aircraft catapults. The upgrade was completed in July 2009, and the São Paulo was initially due to be fully operational by August 2010.

Twelve Brazilian Navy A-4 Skyhawks were also scheduled to be upgraded by Embraer at a cost of $140 million. The upgrade was similar to the ones done for the AMX and F-5EM aircraft of the Brazilian Air Force. The program included restoring the aircraft and their current systems, as well as implementing new avionics, radar (specifically the Elta 2032 radar system), power production, and autonomous oxygen generating systems. Possible weapons to be included in the upgrade were MAA-1B, Python 4, and Derby AAMS.

The Brazilian Navy contracted Marsh Aviation to convert four S-2T Turbo Trackers to an airborne early warning (AEW) configuration, and four more for tanking and Carrier Onboard Delivery duties.

According to an article in the October 2010 issue of Air Forces Monthly, it was confirmed that Brazil had purchased ex-Australian and ex-Uruguayan C-1 Trader airframes, for conversion into AEW planes and tanker aircraft. The Brazilian Navy planned upgrades of the airframes to S-2T Turbo Tracker configuration with Honeywell TPE 331-14GR engines. The purchase included nine airframes, of which two were for tanker conversion to refuel the AF-1 Skyhawks, and three were for AEW. The rest were purchased for spares or for cargo duties. The AEW radar requirement was to have a range of 250 mi at 25000 ft. The operational lifespan for the airframes was to be 10 years. They were expected to be ready in 2011 and 2012.

São Paulo's SH-3 helicopter fleet was to be replaced by six S-70B Seahawk helicopters. They were purchased in 2008, upgraded, and refurbished for delivery. The helicopters and a package of engines and support equipment were scheduled for delivery in 2009.

At the end of 2010, sea trials began, and as of 2011 São Paulo had been evaluated by the CIASA (Inspection Commission and Training Advisory).

Refit and delayed decommissioning (2012–2022)
São Paulo was expected to rejoin the fleet in late 2013, but suffered another major fire in 2012. In 2017, the Navy announced the ship would be demobilized and decommissioned, citing the uneconomical cost of further repairs. The Brazilian Navy formally decommissioned São Paulo on 22 November 2018.

Scheduled to arrive at Aliağa, Turkey on 7 September 2022 for scrapping, the ship was towed from Rio de Janeiro on 4 August 2022 by the Dutch tugboat Alp Centre, after being bought for R$10,550,000.00 or US$1,919,857.35 from Sök. The ship and her tugboat arrived off the Moroccan coast on 26 August, preparing to enter the Mediterranean Sea through Gibraltar, when the Turkish government suddenly withdrew permission for the ship to dock in Turkey. This decision was made after officials at the Turkish Ministry of the Environment determined that the report submitted by Brazilian authorities significantly underestimated the amount of hazardous material aboard the ship when compared to ships of the same class and period. For example, the report estimated the presence of only 9.6 tons of asbestos when FRENCH AIRCRAFT CARRIER Clemenceau — São Paulo's sister ship — contained at least 600 tons of this carcinogenic material. The convoy reversed course and headed back to Rio de Janeiro.

After the decommissioning was announced, a private foundation called Instituto São Paulo/Foch (ISP) formed by former crew and enthusiasts attempted to transform the carrier into a museum ship. Previous plans to make a museum ship of her predecessor, Minas Gerais, had been aborted. ISP was responsible for the judicial order to tow the ship back to Brazil. Concerns over the potential risk of "massive ecological damage" were made by several national and international environmentalist organizations.

A lawyer instrumental in the ship's return characterized the overall handling of the matter as severely rushed and negligent, with authorities bypassing proper evaluation and selling the ship for a fraction of the real value. The foundation was also barred from the auction as Brazilian authorities were only interested in companies seeking to dismantle the ship. The Brazilian Navy refused to allow the ship to anchor again in Rio de Janeiro, and sent the convoy to a port in Suape, Pernambuco, where she was again not allowed to anchor, and had thus been waiting in the waters for a pending cleanup by the Navy.

Scuttling (2023)
On 20 January 2023, the ship was seized and put out to sea by the Brazilian Navy, who declared it would scuttle the São Paulo into the Atlantic Ocean in February 2023, following the rejections of injunctions from Ministry of the Environment and the Federal Public Ministry by a federal judge.

The Navy stated that the São Paulo's deteriorating condition and the "inevitability of uncontrolled sinking" gave the navy no other option, even with an offer of R$30 million (US$6 million) from Sela Saudi Arabian Jeddah group to buy her for three times more than the Turkish company paid. Plans to scuttle her approximately 350 km off the coast of Brazil in international waters, 5,000 m deep, just within the outer limit of Brazil's exclusive economic zone were announced. The Public Ministry appealed against the judicial decision, but the appeal was rejected. The Navy spent R$ 37.2 million to sink the decommissioned aircraft carrier São Paulo, which had been sold for R$ 10 million.

The former Turkish owners of the ship criticized the decision as showing indifference and attempts to evade responsibility by the Brazilian authorities. The Brazilian Navy said that her hull already had three holes in it and sinking would have been inevitable before the end of the month. São Paulo was scuttled on 3 February 2023.

title: Brazilian aircraft carrier São Paulo


text:
Gillan (band)

Gillan was an English rock band formed in 1978 by Deep Purple vocalist Ian Gillan. Gillan was one of the hard rock bands to make a significant impact and commercial success in the United Kingdom during the early 1980s, with five silver albums. They sold over 10 million LPs worldwide.

1978: The Ian Gillan new band
In July 1978 Ian Gillan had become dissatisfied with the jazz fusion style of his band Ian Gillan Band and dissolved it, retaining only keyboard player Colin Towns, and formed this new band entitled Gillan. He added Steve Byrd on guitar, Liam Genockey on drums and John McCoy on bass, and initially pursued a progressive rock direction, releasing their eponymous debut in September 1978, although they could get a record deal only in Japan, Australia and New Zealand. This recording has subsequently become more widely available as The Japanese Album as a CD re-issue by RPM Records in 1994. However, the RPM CD issue replaces the original opening instrumental "Second Sight" with another instrumental, "Street Theatre". Genocky was unable to commit to the band beyond the recording of the album and the band's live debut at the Reading Festival in 1978. He was replaced for the subsequent tour by Pete Barnacle.

At Christmas 1978, Ian Gillan turned down an offer from Ritchie Blackmore to join Rainbow, but Blackmore did make a guest appearance for Gillan at their Christmas show. It was the first time Ian Gillan and Blackmore had performed together since 1973.

1979–1981: The glory era
The album was sufficiently successful to attract more attention and in 1979 the band secured a European deal with Acrobat Records. Before a new album was recorded, Byrd was replaced by Bernie Tormé and Barnacle by drummer Mick Underwood, Ian Gillan's former colleague in Episode Six. Torme's "screaming guitar" sound fundamentally altered the dynamics and Gillan took a more heavy metal direction. This line-up's first album was released as Mr. Universe and contained many re-worked songs from The Japanese Album. The album went straight into the UK album charts but stalled as Acrobat Records went bankrupt. This led to a multi-album deal with Virgin Records.

Meanwhile, in Japan, Australia and New Zealand a version of Mr. Universe was released with a different track selection to avoid repeating the Gillan tracks used on the Mr. Universe album. Several of the alternative tracks are included on the Japanese Album release.

The band caught the rise of the NWOBHM at just the right time and the group gained popularity in Europe.

In 1980 Gillan reached the peak of their success, releasing the album Glory Road, with initial copies containing the free album For Gillan Fans Only. However, the band remained unknown in North America and were unable to raise any interest there despite a long and difficult 1980 US tour.

By 1981 the band members had become disgruntled that their European and Japanese success was not translating into increased financial rewards, and after the Future Shock album, whilst on tour in Germany, Torme left just before the band were due to fly back to the UK to appear on Top of the Pops.

1982: Struggles and final shows
Tormé was replaced by White Spirit guitarist Janick Gers (who would later join Iron Maiden) and this line-up released the live/studio double album Double Trouble at the end of 1981. In August 1982, the final album Magic followed. By this time, tension over money had reached fever pitch and Ian Gillan needed time to have surgery as a result of damage to his vocal cords. After the Magic tour, the band performed a final show at the Wembley Arena on 17 December, and then Ian Gillan dissolved the group while he underwent surgery. He then accepted an offer to front Black Sabbath to the incredulity of the Gillan band members, particularly McCoy, and the acrimony remains to the present day.

McCoy subsequently released compilations of studio out-takes to which he had the rights, known as The Gillan Tapes. Bernie Tormé and John McCoy collaborated on the GMT band project, releasing two albums in 2006 and 2009.

Band members

 * Ian Gillan – vocals (1978–1982)
 * John McCoy – bass (1978–1982)
 * Colin Towns – keyboards (1978–1982)
 * Steve Byrd – guitar (1978–1979)
 * Liam Genockey – drums (1978)
 * Pete Barnacle – drums (1978–1979)
 * Mick Underwood – drums (1979–1982)
 * Bernie Tormé – guitar (1979–1981)
 * Janick Gers – guitar (1981–1982)

Studio albums

 * All Gillan albums recorded between 1979 and 1982 (excluding The Japanese Album) have been re-released as remastered editions with bonus tracks in 2007

Live albums

 * Live at Reading '80 (1990), Raw Fruit
 * The BBC Tapes Vol 1: Dead of Night 1979 (1998), RPM
 * The BBC Tapes Vol 2: Unchain Your Brain 1980 (1998), RPM
 * Live At The BBC - 79/80 (1999), Angel Air
 * Live Tokyo Shinjuku Koseinenkin Hall (2001), Angel Air
 * On The Rocks Live in Germany, June 1981 (2002), Angel Air
 * Live Wembley 17 December 1982 (2002), Angel Air
 * Mutually Assured Destruction Glasgow 1982 (2006), Angel Air
 * Live At The Marquee 1978 (2008), Angel Air
 * No Easy Way CD:Live Hammersmith 1980, DVD:Live Edinburgh 1980 (2008), Angel Air
 * Triple Trouble (2009) (Recorded live 1981/1982), Edsel

Compilation albums

 * The Gillan Tapes Vol. 1 (1997), Angel Air
 * The Gillan Tapes Vol. 2 (1999), Angel Air
 * The Gillan Tapes Vol. 3 (2000), Angel Air
 * Unchain Your Brain: The Best Of Gillan (2007), Music Club
 * The Gillan Singles Box Set (2007), Edsel
 * The Vinyl Collection 1979-1982 (2016)

DVDs

 * Live Edinburgh 1980 (2006), Angel Air
 * The Glory Years (2008) (Recorded live 1981), Eagle Rock

title: Gillan (band)


text:
User talk:KingsleyIdehen

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --Merovingian (t) (c) 15:23, September 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
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 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

A friend...
You might find Stephen B Streater helpful in understanding the problem with documenting your own products on Wikipedia. Just zis Guy you know? 17:59, 6 July 2006 (UTC)

Articles for Deletion (AfD)
I have some experience of AfD myself with FORscene. The assumption is often that someone involved in a project may overestimate its importance and find it hard to meet WP:NPOV. Although other people (including users of your software) will probably edit the article, you will probably find it easier to find independent press reports about your products. It's worth finding as many of these as you can. People can always delete them later, but the more you have, the easier it is to demonstrate notability. Ideal are press reports saying that the software is notable.

As there are so many trivial pieces of software, Wikipedia has guidelines eg WP:CORP and is developing guidelines eg WP:SOFTWARE to keep out the unimportant pieces of software. Providing evidence that your product meets these guidelines will help the AfD. Stephen B Streater 18:53, 6 July 2006 (UTC)

Links
Please do not add commercial links or links to your own private websites to Wikipedia. Wikipedia is not a vehicle for advertising or a mere collection of external links. You are, however, encouraged to add content instead of links to the encyclopedia. If you feel the link should be added to the article please discuss it on the article's talk page rather than re-adding it. See the welcome page to learn more about Wikipedia. Thanks. Just zis Guy you know? 17:24, 8 July 2006 (UTC)

Web 3.0 article
You can discuss restoring the Web 3.0 article here. Have your say --Peter Campbell 01:27, 27 February 2007 (UTC)

Some tips to help you out!
Hi, I thought I'd drop a few notes on your talk page with some help on writing articles :o)

First of all, it may be best for you to do a bit of reading, starting with the Wikipedia manual of style, which will give you a lot of information about how Wikipedia prefers its articles to be written. It's not as hard to follow as it might look; quite a bit of the information there probably won't be vital for you at first.

Second, I recommend you make a user sandbox - which is just an area you can use to practise in, and to make notes in, and to get things ready in. If you click this red link: user:/Sandbox, that will let you create that page (it gives you an edit window to start work in). Anything, anywhere, on the help and information pages which gives you an example, try it out in your sandbox until you're familiar with it.

For your article, the next thing you want to do is start collecting as much information as you can about it. Google searches (particularly in Books and Scholar) will be your best friend for this! Once you've found the information, the next most important thing is to start writing up each fact in your own words (very important, this), and make a note at the same time of exactly where that information came from. Build in the references as you go along; I'm going to copy in, down below this, a whole heap of help on doing references, which was produced by one of our best teachers (Chzz).

Here's another place that you'll find incredibly useful - citation templates which you can copy and paste into your sandbox, between tags; you just fill in the blanks from your sources into the template, and you'll end up with nicely formatted inline citations :o) It all helps.  Remember to add a references section to your sandbox (make a new line, and put ==References== on it, and type  on the next line, so that you can see how your citations look as you do them. Remember to save your page often! You don't want to lose your work.

Hopefully this will give you a good start and make life easier for you.

One last thing to keep as a motto: "It's better to write one good, well-referenced, nicely-presented article than it is to create fifty unreferenced one-line stubs!" Pesky ( talk  …stalk!) 06:11, 22 October 2011 (UTC)

Simple references
These require two parts;

 * a)

Chzz is 98 years old.

He likes tea.

 * b) A section called "References" with the special code " ";

Named references
Chzz was born in 1837.

Chzz lives in Footown.

Note that the second usage has a / (and no closing ref tag). This needs a reference section as above; please see user:chzz/demo/namedref to see the result.

Citation templates
You can put anything you like between, but using citation templates makes for a neat, consistent look;

Chzz has 37 Olympic medals.

Please see user:chzz/demo/citeref to see the result.

For more help and tips on that subject, see user:chzz/help/refs.

Something to make your life easier!
Hi there ! I've just come across one of your articles, and noticed that you had to create titles for your url links manually, or were using bare urls as references.

You might want to consider using this tool - it makes your life a whole heap easier, by filling in complete citation templates for your links. All you do is install the script on Special:MyPage/common.js, or or Special:MyPage/vector.js, then paste the bare url (without [...] brackets) between your tabs, and you'll find a clickable link called Reflinks in your toolbox section of the page (probably in the left hand column). Then click that tool. It does all the rest of the work (provided that you remember to save the page! It doesn't work for everything (particularly often not for pdf documents), but for pretty much anything ending in "htm" or "html" (and with a title) it will do really, really well. Happy editing!  Pesky  ( talk  …stalk!) 06:11, 22 October 2011 (UTC)

Nomination of Emotan Preparatory School for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Emotan Preparatory School is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Emotan Preparatory School until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on good quality evidence, and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion template from the top of the article. Epeefleche (talk) 00:21, 22 December 2011 (UTC)

Categories and subcategories
FYI, there is no need to explicitly place an article in a parent category if it is already a member of a subcategory of that parent - see Categorization. For example, the article on geometry is in the category Category:Geometry which is a subcategory of Category:Fields of mathematics, which is in turn a subcategory of Category:Mathematics. So there is no need to explicitly add Category:Mathematics to geometry, as it is already an implict member of this category by inheritance. Gandalf61 (talk) 10:35, 19 June 2012 (UTC)

Disambiguation link notification for March 8
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ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:56, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

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title: User talk:KingsleyIdehen


text:
User talk:Zhir

Welcome! Bienvenue! Willkommen!
Hi Zhir, and a warm welcome to Wikipedia! I hope you have enjoyed editing as much as I did so far and decide to stay. Unfamiliar with the features and workings of Wikipedia? Don't fret! Be Bold! Here's some good links for your reference and that'll get you started in no time!

""

Most Wikipedians would prefer to just work on articles of their own interest. But if you have some free time to spare, here are some open tasks that you may want to help out :

""

Please don't forget to sign when you write on talk pages, simply type four tildes, like this: ~. This will automatically add your name and the time after your comments. And finally, if you have any questions or doubts, don't hesitate to contact me on my talk page. Once again, welcome! =)

- Gryffindor  15:23, September 2, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Zhir


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The Chookpen

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was speedy delete. Nufy8 22:11, 10 September 2005 (UTC)

The Chookpen
What can I say? No redeeming features in this article whatsoever. Refers to Aussie Rugby League, but in a way that could be the boast of a fan or a derogatory comment from an opponent. Who knows? Who cares? Possibly speediable, definitely deletable. Grutness...  wha?  15:23, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. Alomst a speedy under A1 or A6, but not quite IMO. No value to the articel as it stands, and the stub tag does not match wht content there is. DES (talk) 15:40, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm gonna Speedy it under A1, for those curious the whole article is "The Chookpen is a place for all fanatical Sydney Roosters fans!". Its easily an A1 because it gives no context even to explain what it describes: is it a web forum? a bar? a public-access TV show? a restaurant? a mailing list? part of the stadium seating? a chat room?  Context, people.  Context. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  16:22, September 2, 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User talk:Kinkazzo

Some of the people, places or things you have written about in the article Kinkazzo may not be sufficiently well-known to merit articles of their own. The Wikipedia community welcomes newcomers, and encourages them to become Wikipedians. On Wikipedia, each user is entitled to a user page in which they can describe themselves, and this article's content may be incorporated into that page. However, to merit inclusion in the encyclopedia proper, a subject must be notable. We encourage you to write or improve articles on notable subjects. -- Smjg 15:24, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

 * templates substituted by a bot as per Template substitution Pegasusbot 06:12, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Kinkazzo


text:
Heald Green railway station

Heald Green railway station serves the suburb of Heald Green in Stockport, Greater Manchester, England.

The station is on the Styal line, opened in 1909 by the London & North Western Railway, between Slade Lane Junction (north of Mauldeth Road) and Wilmslow. To the south of the station is Heald Green Junction, a triangular junction for the branch to Manchester Airport.

This two-platform station is used by Northern Trains; there are regular services to Manchester Piccadilly and Manchester Airport, with some services continuing to Wilmslow and Crewe.

Station facilities
Heald Green has a ticket office on platform 1, which is open Monday-Saturday 06:15-19:30. Ticket vending machines are in place on both platforms for purchase of tickets or promise to pay coupons, for when the ticket office is closed and for the collection of pre-paid tickets.

Both platforms have waiting shelters with metal seating, with platform one having a station building which includes a small waiting room, ticket office and timetables. Both platforms have electronic departure boards and automated audio announcements. Interchange between platforms requires crossing over the road bridge at the north end of the station.

Services
The basic Monday to Saturday off-peak service comprises three trains per hour southbound to Manchester Airport, of which one continues to Crewe; there are three trains per hour northbound to Manchester Piccadilly, one of which is fast and continues to Blackpool North, and one of which continues to Liverpool Lime Street via Newton-le-Willows.

On Sundays, there is an hourly stopping service between Liverpool Lime Street and Manchester Airport, which is extended to terminate at Wilmslow and the Manchester Piccadilly to Crewe stopping service does not run. A generally hourly service runs to Blackpool North, with some irregular supplementary services to Barrow-in-Furness and Windermere via Chorley.

title: Heald Green railway station


text:
User talk:GHcool

Shiphrah and Puah
If you'd open a discussion about this on one of the talkpages, I'd support this.

You could also add information about the etymology based on Rashi (Exodus 1:15), himself based on the Gemara Sotah 11:2. Debresser (talk) 17:38, 21 January 2020 (UTC)
 * DONE. I didn't add the Rashi thing in my argument, but I encourage you to do it.  --GHcool (talk) 18:40, 21 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Supported. I didn't mean that you could add that to the discussion, rather to the merged article. Debresser (talk) 00:45, 22 January 2020 (UTC)

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Proposed deletion of Miss Viola Swamp

The article Miss Viola Swamp has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Bad article, probably written by students."

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. ωικιωαrrιor ᑫᑫ1ᑫ 17:16, 21 February 2020 (UTC)

Views on your user page
Hi GHcool, I was amusing myself reading your user page “views on Israel”, and noted it includes a bunch of factual claims which are wrong. It may be that you wrote it a long time ago - over the years we have improved the quality and sourcing of the various articles on our encyclopaedia, so it may be worth updating. If helpful I can tell you which claims jumped out at me as obviously wrong. Am equally happy for you to ignore me - your page is your page and you can say what you like. Onceinawhile (talk) 21:53, 27 February 2020 (UTC)
 * Sure. I'm always happy to correct myself when I'm in error.  And you're right.  I wrote that stuff a long time ago and haven't looked at it in years.  I'm going to reread it quickly to make sure I even stand by what I wrote back then! Thanks for your interest! --GHcool (talk) 23:43, 27 February 2020 (UTC)

Marine Academy of Science and Technology
Regarding this edit; while I am not opposed to Wikipedia covering this story in some way (whether it be a mention on the school's page, or in an existing article on Antisemitism in the United States, etc.,) but what is the rationale for sliding in the NYT article as a reference for something mundane that could be easily referenced elsewhere? ? OhNo itsJamie Talk 22:31, 5 March 2020 (UTC)

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Question about a lede edit I altered and intend to resubmit for the Israel article
I'm leaving this here because you just thanked me, and as such I think you're online still lol. So, you may or may not be aware of the fiasco currently taking place regarding the Israel wiki page's lede: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Israel#Edit_war_attempts_being_made_by_Anti-Semetic_Websites_like_4chan

This was the original lede edit I made:

"The state has attracted criticism for a variety of reasons including: its apparent nuclear weapons arsenal, Israeli civilian settlements built on lands occupied by Israel, the Judaization of Jerusalem as observed by the United Nations under Israeli sovereignty of the city, its targeted killings program, widespread racism despite broad anti-discrimination laws within the country, observed human rights abuses and violations, and an alleged manifestation of an apartheid regime.           "

I am aware now that such an addition to the lede could be interpreted as hostile and heavily biased. As such, I have re-written and shrunk it down to something that would be objectively neutral, in my opinion:

"The state has attracted criticism for its policy regarding territories occupied by it, its apparent nuclear weapons arsenal , and its targeted killings program among other reasons."

I am intending to put this in the lede because of what I did with the Saudi Arabia lede about a year ago (ctrl+f "The state has attracted criticism for a variety of reasons including:" there). I was hoping if you could hop into the relevant discussion on the talk page for Israel and state your opinion, and whether you would be okay with such an inclusion.

Thank you for your consideration, TheEpicGhosty (talk) 01:47, 7 August 2020 (UTC)

 * So what's your question? --GHcool (talk) 19:06, 7 August 2020 (UTC)

Anti-Zionism
Hello. I reverted your recent addition at this page. I think I understand what you're trying to get at, but the source you added offers a definition of Zionism, not anti-Zionism. I think we want to use a source that specifically defines anti-Zionism in the manner you described before re-adding this. However, I made some further edits that I hope will contribute to neutrality, etc. Wikieditor19920 (talk) 13:23, 7 August 2020 (UTC)
 * The lead as it stands currently is satisfactory to me. Thank you for your cooperation.  --GHcool (talk) 19:08, 7 August 2020 (UTC)

Love your approach
Shalom. I don't think we've ever crossed paths before on Wikipedia, but from what I see of your edits/posts and general good outlook on often contentious issues, you are a true asset to have on Wikipedia. You've been around here longer than me. Time brings with it experience and wisdom. Godspeed, friend.Davidbena (talk) 16:00, 20 October 2020 (UTC) -

Conservatives
Hi,

I don't know why you removed Congressman David Dreier from the list of prominent conservative officeholders. He was a member of Congress for 32 years, a member of the congressional leadership, and the chairman of the House Rules Committee for 10 years. Plus, he was the main proponent of NAFTA, which was the defining free trade deal of the last 30 years and is a staple of conservative economic principles (until Donald Trump turned the Republican Party into a protectionist direction more recently).

Mediaexpert3 (talk) 06:23, 15 May 2021 (UTC)

 * Moving this to the relevant talk page. --GHcool (talk) 17:21, 15 May 2021 (UTC)

1RR breach
You have breached 1RR at BDS article (you have also removed an RS (abc) with a false edit summary). Kindly self revert asap. Thank you. Also it is perfectly in order for a source to comment on itself so your removal of the sps was also wrong.Selfstudier (talk) 21:46, 19 July 2021 (UTC)

Wikipedia Wars and the Israel-Palestine conflict...please fill out my survey?
Hello :) I am writing my MA dissertation on Wikipedia Wars and the Israel-Palestine conflict, and I noticed that you have contributed to those pages. My dissertation will look at the process of collaborative knowledge production on the Israel-Palestine conflict, and the effect it has on bias in the articles. This will involve understanding the profiles and motivations of editors, contention/controversy and dispute resolution in the talk pages, and bias in the final article. For more information, you can check out my meta-wiki research page or my user page, where I will be posting my findings when I am done. I would greatly appreciate if you could take 5 minutes to fill out this quick survey before 8 August 2021.

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Sarabnas I'm researching Wikipedia Questions? 20:23, 20 July 2021 (UTC)

Requesting some article expansion help
Greetings @ GHcool,

Hi, I am User:Bookku, I find information and knowledge gaps create Drafts, try to recruit draft expanding editors and promote drafts articles for further expansion.

 * Draft:Turkish textbook controversies in the section 'Depiction of Jews and Israel'
 * Draft:Civil life in conflict zones
 * Draft:Criticism of Edward Said's Orientalism
 * Draft:List of erstwhile slave trading townships
 * Draft:Slavery in Mecca and Medina
 * Draft:Intellectual discourse over re-mosqueing of Hagia Sophia
 * Draft:Amina Dawood Al-Mufti

Requesting your visit to above drafts help expand the same if any of these interests you. Any inputs from Israel academic / language reliable sources also will be welcome.

Thanks and warm regards

 Bookku, 'Encyclopedias = expanding information & knowledge' (talk) 07:01, 31 December 2021 (UTC)

 * I appreciate your invitation, but I must decline. I have no expertise in any of the topics above and no reliable sources on these topics.  I wish you good luck.  --GHcool (talk) 22:25, 1 January 2022 (UTC)

1rr
Thats a 1RR violation at Anti-Zionism, you mind self-reverting?  nableezy  - 21:50, 8 November 2022 (UTC)
 * DONE. --GHcool (talk) 22:38, 8 November 2022 (UTC)
 * ty kindly,  nableezy  - 00:02, 9 November 2022 (UTC)

Anti-Zionism
I was ready to go to Nishidani's talk page, and gently remind them again but it's you this time! Anyway could you let me know which work Lindfield 2019 refers to, and I'll add the required cite. -- LCU ActivelyDisinterested ∆transmissions∆ °co-ords° 20:24, 10 November 2022 (UTC)
 * I don't understand the question. Didn't I put the information in the reference? Elizabeth Young-Bruehl, Hannah Arendt: For Love of the World (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982), 361, Qtd. in Lindfield, p. 77
 * Sorry didn't mean to cause confusion. When you use short form refs (like sfn there has to be a full cite elsewhere in the article. In the diff I linked in earlier you added but didn't create a cite for it to link with. This creates a no target error, you can see the details and how to turn these errors on here Category:Harv and Sfn no-target errors. Just ask if you have any questions.-- LCU ActivelyDisinterested ∆transmissions∆ °co-ords° 20:23, 12 November 2022 (UTC)
 * Although taking a second look I see you didn't add the information, just as plain text. That's fine if you going to use plain text refs to refer to it, but if you use templates like sfn they need a full cite. -- LCU ActivelyDisinterested ∆transmissions∆ °co-ords° 20:23, 12 November 2022 (UTC)

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title: User talk:GHcool


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Hi JohnFoxIII, and a warm welcome to Wikipedia! I hope you have enjoyed editing as much as I did so far and decide to stay. Unfamiliar with the features and workings of Wikipedia? Don't fret! Be Bold! Here's some good links for your reference and that'll get you started in no time!

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Proposed deletion of Günter Faltin

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title: User talk:JohnFoxIII~enwiki


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User:Vaelor/Fifth Dimension Computing

Fifth Dimension Computing is an online services company founded in August 1998, in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. It began trading as a sole proprietorship operated by owner and founder Karl Lofhelm out of his own residential apartment.

History
Initially operating as a small web hosting and computer hardware repairs store servicing the local community to fund a number of creative website projects, the company suffered from a lack of startup capital and for several years did not turn over enough profit to launch the sites that were intended to be its backbone. As a result, sites like Vaelor's Keep, Undiscovered Lore, and Social Deviancy never really got off the ground, and eventually became locally reknowned as some of the longest running "Under Construction" or "Coming Soon!" sites on the internet - emphasised by the fact that Lofhelm refused to give up on the projects and let them die, but kept promoting them despite the fact that they had almost become an in-joke as they were. Vaelor's Keep alone changed its name (it was originally known as "Dark Forest") and changed domain names three times before any content at all besides a brief "under construction" message was placed on the site!

In 2002, Fifth Dimension Computing dropped out of the web hosting and PC repairs markets and began to focus its attentions on online marketing, putting the bulk of its efforts into locating and publicising various online income opportunities suitable for end users with little startup capital. In fact, it wasn't until FDC's acquisition of the email broadcasting company Prospect Mail in February of 2004 that the company began to turn any noticable profits whatsoever - prior to this, the business had been funded almost entirely out of Lofhelm's own personal pocket.

While FDC has no public storefront or physical address as such, being now exclusively an online business, Syndal, Victoria, Australia is considered to be the company's "base of operations", although its servers are located in Dallas, Texas, USA.

title: User:Vaelor/Fifth Dimension Computing


text:
Mighty Diamonds

The Mighty Diamonds were a Jamaican harmony trio, recording roots reggae with a strong Rastafarian influence. The group was formed in 1969 and were best known for their 1976 debut album, Right Time, produced by Joseph Hoo Kim, and the 1979 release, Deeper Roots.

On March 29, 2022, their lead singer, Donald "Tabby" Shaw, was shot dead in a drive-by shooting. On April 1, 2022, Fitzroy "Bunny" Simpson died. They disbanded shortly afterwards.

History
Formed in 1969 in the Trenchtown area of Kingston, the group comprised lead vocalist Donald "Tabby" Shaw, and harmony vocalists Fitzroy "Bunny" Simpson and Lloyd "Judge" Ferguson. They had become friends at school in the mid-1960s, and were originally called The Limelight, adopting 'Mighty Diamonds' after Shaw's mother started referring to them as "the diamonds". Their smooth harmonies and choreographed stage show were inspired by Motown vocal groups of the 1960s, with Shaw listing The Temptations, The Stylistics, The Impressions, and The Delfonics as influences as well as Jamaican rocksteady artists such as John Holt and Ken Boothe.

Their early recordings were produced by Pat Francis, Stranger Cole ("Girl You Are Too Young" (1970), "Oh No Baby"), Derrick Harriott ("Mash Up"), Bunny Lee ("Jah Jah Bless the Dreadlocks", "Carefree Girl"), Lee "Scratch" Perry ("Talk About It"), and Rupie Edwards, but it was in 1973 that they had their first hit single with the Francis-produced "Shame and Pride", recorded at the Dynamic Sounds studio. It was their mid-1970s work with producer Joseph Hoo Kim that gave them their real breakthrough. "Country Living" and "Hey Girl" were recorded and released by the Channel One label. "Right Time" followed, on Hoo Kim's Well Charge label, and cemented their status as one of the top Jamaican groups of the time.

Virgin Records signed them and the group's début album, Right Time, was released in 1976, including most of their early Channel One hits. The album was an international success and for the follow-up, Virgin sent them to work with Allen Toussaint in New Orleans, with local musicians providing the backing. The resulting Ice on Fire album sold poorly, the production not appealing to reggae fans, and the album later described as "an attempt by New Orleans soul musicians to play reggae".

Back in Jamaica, they continued to record for Channel One, with the Stand Up to Your Judgment album released in 1978, and continued to produce a string of hit singles. They also released records on their own 'Bad Gong' label. The group's Deeper Roots, released in 1979, was their next big album success, again released by Virgin, on its Front Line label.

In the early 1980s, they recorded with producer Gussie Clarke, largely using old Studio One tracks as the basis for their recordings, and dubplates of these sessions became popular on sound systems in Jamaica, New York, and London, particularly "Pass the Kouchie", recorded on the "Full Up" riddim. Their work with Clarke produced the 1981 album Changes.

"Pass the Kouchie", written by Ferguson and Simpson, became an international hit twice, when first released (on their 1982 album Changes) and again when it was covered by Musical Youth with altered lyric to remove the drug references, and released as "Pass the Dutchie" (1982).

Their performance at Reggae Sunsplash in 1982 was released on an album later that year, paired with the performance from Mutabaruka.

The group continued to release albums regularly, adapting successfully to the prevailing digital rhythms of the 1980s and beyond. Tabby, Bunny and Judge issued over forty albums in their long career.

In 2021, the group was honoured with the Order of Distinction (Officer Class) in the National Honours and Awards, on the occasion of Jamaica’s 59th Anniversary of Independence.

On 29 March 2022, Donald “Tabby” Shaw was shot dead, along with one other person, on McKinley Crescent in St Andrew, Kingston, Jamaica. Three others were injured in the shooting. The following Friday, 1 April, co-signer with the group, Fitzroy "Bunny" Simpson died whilst in an undisclosed Kingston hospital.

Studio albums

 * Right Time (1976), Free World Music
 * Ice on Fire (1977), Free World Music
 * Planet Mars Dub (1978), Front Line – The Icebreakers and the Diamonds, dub version of Planet Earth
 * Stand Up to Your Judgment (1978), Channel One
 * Tell Me What's Wrong (1978), Hit Bound
 * Planet Earth (1978), Virgin
 * Deeper Roots (1979), Free World Music
 * Deeper Roots Dub (1979)
 * Changes (1981), Music Works
 * Dubwise (1981), Music Works – six dub versions from Changes and four other dubs
 * Reggae Street (1981), Free World Music
 * The Roots Is There (1982), Music Works/Shanachie
 * Indestructible (1982), Alligator (similar to the album Changes with two extra songs)
 * Heads of Government (1982), Jah Guidance
 * Leaders of Black Countries (Showcase Album) (1983), Mobiliser
 * Backstage (1983), Music Works
 * Kouchie Vibes (1984), Burning Sounds
 * Diamonds Are Forever (1984), Woorell Japan – Eight songs exclusive to Japan plus two singles
 * Pass the Kouchie (1985), Free World Music
 * Struggling (1985), Free World Music
 * If You Looking for Trouble (1986), Live & Learn
 * The Real Enemy (1987), Greensleeves
 * Never Get Weary (1988), Live & Learn
 * Get Ready (1988), Rohit International/Greensleeves
 * Ready for the World (1989), Overheat Japan – Eight songs exclusive to Japan plus two singles
 * Jam Session (Remastered), Free World Music
 * Tour the World (1991) – contains five new songs and five old songs
 * Patience (1991), Free World Music
 * The Moment of Truth (1992), Free World Music
 * Bust Out (1993), Free World Music
 * Paint It Red (1993), Free World Music
 * Speak the Truth (1994), Free World Music
 * Stand Up (1998), Gone Clear
 * Rise Up (2001), Free World Music
 * Thugs in the Streets (2006), Nocturne
 * Inna De Yard (2008), Makasound – acoustic versions of classic songs performed with nyabinghi drums

Collaborations and split albums

 * Vital Dub Strictly Rockers (aka: Vital Dub – Well Charged) (1976) – includes five dub versions from the Right Time album
 * Trinity Meet the Mighty Diamonds (1979), Gorgon
 * Disco Showcase (1979), Gussie Roots Sounds – Leroy Smart feat. The Mighty Diamonds
 * Right Time Rockers (The Lost Album) (1998) – recorded in 1976, U-Roy deejaying on the riddims from the Right Time album

Compilations

 * Vital Selection (1981), Virgin – 1976–1979 Joseph Hoo Kim produced material
 * Ebony and Ivory (1983), Woorell – Japanese compilation of Augustus Clark productions
 * Go Seek Your Rights (1990), Front Line – 1976–1979 Joseph Hoo Kim produced material
 * Mighty Diamonds Meet Don Carlos & Gold at Channel One Studios (1993), Channel One – includes the complete Right Time album
 * Paint It Red (1993), RAS – compilation of singles from 1985–1990, overdubbed with new instruments
 * Works (1994), JVC/Victor – 1981–1988 Augustus Clarke material
 * From the Foundation (1996), Gone Clear – The Mighty Diamonds & The Tamlins, 1978–1981 Augustus Clarke material
 * Heads of Government (1996), Germain – Donovan Germain-produced material, different from the 1983 album
 * Maximum Replay (1997) – 1981–1988 Augustus Clarke material
 * The Best of the Mighty Diamonds: 20 Hits (1997) – contains two full albums: Stand Up to Your Judgment and Tell Me What's Wrong
 * RAS Portrait (1997), RAS – recordings from 1993–1994
 * Right Time Come (1998) – includes the complete Right Time album and nine songs from 1978
 * Indestructible: Anthology Volume 1 (1999)
 * Natural Natty Reggae (2000), Simon – compilation of singles produced by Bunny Diamonds between 1976 and 1997
 * The Classics Recordings of Jamaica's Finest Vocal Trio (2000), Music Club
 * Gold Collection (2000), Grayland
 * Everlasting: 30th Anniversary (2000), D-3
 * Rise Up (2001), Jet Star
 * Unconquerable (2003), Reggae Road
 * Revolution (2003), NYC Music
 * The Best of the Mighty Diamonds (2004), Seymour – features two albums: Pass the Kouchie and Tour the World
 * Back2Back: Tamlins & Mighty Diamonds (2007)
 * Reggae Legends (2008), VP – 4-CD boxset that contains the four albums issued on Greensleeves: The Real Enemy, Get Ready, Live in Europe and Bust Out
 * Kings of Reggae (2009), Nocturne – material issued on RAS records in 1993–1994
 * Leaders of Black Countries (2011), Kingston Sounds

Live albums

 * Live in Tokyo (1985)
 * Live in Europe (1989)
 * Live at Reggae Sunsplash (1992), Genes – recorded in August 1982, eight songs from Mighty Diamonds and seven songs from Mutabaruka
 * The Best of Reggae Live (2001) – Frankie Paul & Mighty Diamonds
 * Live in Europe: Nice, France (2002) – recorded in 1997

title: Mighty Diamonds