text:
Talk:WinCustomize

Other than criticisms, most of the other portions of the article are written by a Stardock employee which may introduce bias. I feel many other Stardock related articles themselves may be biased due to the main author being a Stardock employee himself. It is unusual for an employee of a company to be involved in the writing of Wikipedia articles about their company. konfab user 2:50, 31 August 2005

 * I wrote the articles, on my own time, because I felt I was one of the best people to do so, having over five years experience with Stardock's products. I'm the majority contributor to the Creatures Wiki and founder and chief admin of WikiFur, both highly successful Wikicities, so I know how to write a good article. They could possibly be biased - although I've made efforts to include "the other side of the story" where there is one, and I notice you didn't actually point any bias out :-) - but most of the stuff I've written is easily verifiable, as I try to to include links to relevant sources with it. Realistically, the people who know the most about Stardock and its products work at, for, or with Stardock, and it would be a shame if we were barred from adding to Wikipedia's storehouse of knowledge because of that fact.

 * The reason I didn't write about the WinCustomize forums and admins here was not because I felt they reflected badly on WinCustomize (because I don't), but because I didn't really consider them to be notable enough for Wikipedia. I mean, I'm sure the forums are important to people involved in them right now, but ten years from now, or a hundred, who's going to care? :-) Things like Object Desktop are significant in a way that forums rarely are, due to their transitory nature. GreenReaper 15:22, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

The original content was written by someone who was not a Stardock employee at the time of writing. Moreover, it is far less biased than someone who calls themselves "Konfab user" who claims there are "many criticisms" which have no substantiation. It would be like a fan of DesktopX going onto the Konfabulator entry and pointing out the many examples in which Arlo and Ed have criticized DesktopX on their forums. These "criticisms" are completely irrelevant to WinCustomize which is a site where people visit to download skins, themes, icons, and wallpapers. Draginol Sept 1, 2005.

The Criticisms section (like so many Criticisms sections) appears to have been made mostly to bash individuals at the site, by a user (User:Konfab user - talk) who has registered here specificaly for the purpose of doing so. I would prefer to have other people have a look at it first, as I am employed by Stardock and so could be biased, but I will make edits to reduce what I view as a lack of neutrality if others do not. GreenReaper 18:38, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

70.30.219.29 is persistently removing information from this article and from the talk page. GreenReaper 19:04, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

Incidentally, I really object to the allegation that I "bash" Konfabulator. Anyone who is remotely familiar with my articles on Konfabulator would know I've been a Konfabulator booster for a very long time. I was one of the most vocal supporters of Konfabulator when Apple announced Dashboard. I also don't "Bash" Apple. I may "Bash" Mac users on occasion because I find their zealotry obnoxious at times. But I have never bashed Konfabulator. I think it's a good product. Draginol. Sept 1, 2005.

Possible resources
This article was posted on JoeUser.com (a blog site) and syndicated to WinCustomize.com and other sites. It outlines the benefits of both programs. Some users have argued that it is an example of "Konfabulator bashing" though ironically a user unaware of who the author the article is, might conclude that it's an example of DesktopX bashing by a Konfabulator fan. -Brad Wardell possible examples of different rules for different users, personal attacks by admins on "newbies", ect. can be found here
 * Konfabulator for Windows vs. DesktopX
 * WinCustomize Forum

"Criticisms" debate
The anonymous user 70.30.219.29 keeps inserting this allegation-filled section: ''There are many criticisms of the WinCustomize site. One of these critcisms include that the site owner, Brad Wardell, posts articles on the news page bashing Apple, Konfabulator and other competitors. WinCustomize has also been criticized for using a "different rules for different users" policy. A "newbie" cannot get away with flaming, trolling, ect. while a higher ranking long time user can. The site admins are very much criticized, especially Jafo. Jafo is known to hold a "holier than thou" and a "I am right and you are wrong" attitude. He is also said by critics to be a self-porclaimed expert on the English language that corrects everybody's spelling and grammer. Critics claim the "Stardockians" are very egotistical and will band together to attack any voice of dissent and anoint themselves with self-aggrandizing titles such as "Super Elitist."''

This is what I object in this (btw, I'm Brad Wardell draginol) 1) "Many criticisms" is subjective. What constitutes "many"?

2) I do not "post articles on news page" bashing Konfabulator. Ever. Not once. I have written BLOG entries that get syndicated into the clearly marked area called Articles that talk about Konfabulator. However, those articles have been universally positive. The authors or Konfabulator have certainly written far far more critical things about Stardock DesktopX on their forum. Should Stardock fans go over to Konfabulator's Wiki entry and start putting "criticism" sections there?

Here is one so-called "bashing" article written over a year ago: http://www.joeuser.com/index.asp?AID=19800

Hardly bashing.

3) Apple is not a "competitor". Moreover, it's a unsubstantiated allegation that borders on libel to assert that I "bash competitors".  It is also not supported by the evidence given that WinCustomize.com hosts the content for many programs that could be considered "competitors" to Stardock's software.

4) The criticisms are, IMO, trite overall. We're talking about a website in which people go to download skins, themes, icons, and wallpapers. For these kinds of "criticisms" to taken such a central part on the Wiki entry gives them too much importance. If WinCustomize were primarily a forum or article based site, such criticisms could be entertained.

5) "Site admins are very much criticized". By whom? This is subjective. Who defines "Very much"?

6) "Jafo is known to hold holier-than-thou" Known by whom? Subjective again and a personal attack as well with no substantiation and irrelevant to the overall context of WinCustomize.com - a skin site.

7) Who are "Stardockians" Who are "critics"? The anonymous poster? And again, what are we really talking about here? Someone got their feelings hurt on the forum section of a skin site and is taking their anger out on Wiki? "Egotystical" is again basically a flame and subjective.

8) There is no such title as "super-elitist". Like nearly every site on the net with forums, WinCustomize has various access levels. On WinCustomize those levels include the titles Citizen, Apprentice, and Journeyman. There is also Wizop. Users can choose amongst an assortment of titles from a defined list but none of them are "super elitist" or of that nature.  And to add my own bit of editorial, WinCustomize's forums are amongst the more gentle on the net.

I would assert that these 8 items constitute reasonable objections to the proposed change that the anonymous user wishes to put on. I don't even think a criticism section that deals with forum activity on a site in which 99.99% of users (by page views) are in the theme/icon galleries even belongs. At best, it would be a minor link called "Forum criticisms" or something. Draginol Sept 2, 2005.

I'm okay with the current version as of 5:32 September 2005. Any other objections after that tweak? (Konfab user 05:42, 2 September 2005 (UTC))

I made a couple of tweaks to it, outlining that we're referring to the forums on WinCustomize.com (nearly all activity on the site is in the skin galleries). But otherwise I thought it was okay. -draginol

It appears that Brad Wardell has changed his mind on the consensus reached back in fall. He has written an article on WinCustomize news critical of Wikipedia bringing up this wiki article about WinCustomize as an example of what he sees wrong with Wikipedia: http://www.wincustomize.com/Articles.aspx?AID=94325&c=1

With his recent news article, Wardell has encouraged Stardock fanboys to come to Wikipedia to censor/vandalize the WinCustomize article. I don't know if it was intention to do so. (Konfab user 21:31, 10 December 2005 (UTC))

 * Probably. His multi-point "rebuttal" above ("What constitutes 'many'?," "Who are 'critics'?") sounds too much like Bill Clinton's attempt to rebut the Monica Lewinski allegations.  In other words, he can't rebut the anon user's accusations any better than the anon user could substantiate his/her claims.  As a former WinCustomize subscriber, my experiences are closer to those purported by the anon user than they are to Wardell's version.

 * My chief complaint with the article as it stands is that it reads like a marketing piece for Stardock. It's still not neutral.  A neutral article should contain some real analysis.  The "Forum Criticisms" section reads like hearsay; it's not analysis.  The fact is that WinCustomize -- for all its benefit to the skinning community -- is a Stardock house organ, and it has an agenda to push the use of Stardock products at the exclusion of all others.  The vast majority of articles posted on the site are about Stardock products exclusively; although they are dressed as introductions or overviews to segments of the skinning universe, they are nearly always limited to the ways in which Stardock's commercial products benefit those segments, rarely mentioning competitors' products.  The only discussion of this bias is on the blogs and websites of individual users and constitutes rants rather than legitimate reasonable criticism.  Wardells' argument that WinCustomize shows no bias because it hosts content for other products is thin.  When content is hosted for all products but only Stardock products are described in the large flashy front page articles, there is bias.

 * Is there anything wrong with a house organ furthering the goals of its parent organization? No.  Does WinCustomize have an anti-Apple bias?  I haven't experienced that, but it's telling that Stardock does not support the Mac OSs while some of their commercial competitors do.  Are the admins elitist and do they attack those who disagree with them?  Wardell walked away from Wikipedia's effort to diplomatically handle the possibility of dissent with his article, and then he proceeded to write another article attacking Wikipedia.  I think that can be considered evidence in favor of the anon user's allegation.  konfab's suggestion that a Stardock employee may be too biased to write an unbiased article about Stardock and its products is legitimate.  The fact that Wardell sees himself as unbiased simply because he's "writing on his own time" (sic) and despite his very deep involvement with many aspects of Stardock, its websites and products, suggests that he's oblivious to his own bias or is simply dishonest regarding his purposes in writing the article. Canonblack 14:46, 18 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, I'd do some more editing, but:
 * I'm involved with Stardock myself, and
 * I don't really know about the forums - always preferred the newsgroups :-)
 * I agree that the "criticisms" section (like most criticism sections) is more the expression of discontent from a few random people than anything particularly verifiable. But what to do about it? As much as I love Wikipedia, does the fact that it remains not suggest that Brad has actually got a point in his article? The fact is, an anonymous user did write a section to trash the WinCustomize admins and administrators that they didn't like. It was edited, but it still reperesents the view of a minority (disgruntled WinCustomize forum users) of a minority (forum users on WinCustomize) as if it were a significant factor in the site's operations, and not something that happens in every large forum. Is that not a valid topic of discussion, especially given the fact that he was commenting on a CNN article at the time? GreenReaper 21:08, 18 December 2005 (UTC)

The subjectivity of a 'discontented minority' is hardly the issue here, or rather, it is part of a wider issue that those partisan to Stardock seem unable or unwilling to address - that the very article itself with its excess of product linking is little more than marketing spam for the Stardock/Wincustomize site. As such Wardell et al are either being naive in their own assumed contention of 'neutrality' or wilfully disingenuous. Deletion of this article would therefore seem appropriate. Confuchsia 23:13, 27 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Umm . . . product linking? Do you mean the internal links, which go to related Wikipedia pages? There are only three external links, and they are all to WinCustomize-related material. GreenReaper 05:21, 30 December 2005 (UTC)

 * I mean product linking Greenreaper. As has already been noted the article as it stands now reads little more than as a product placement for Stardock and accordingly lacks notability because it lacks neutrality - the prerequisite of any wikipedia entry. As others have also observed it has a commercial imperative, no matter that it may also inform - that is the function of advertising afterall. Your own position as one of their employees hardly lends weight to your own defence - no matter, as you naively claim, that you may be doing it in your 'own time'. You are, like your articles inherently biased. To deny the position of a 'discontented minority' from the Forum Criticisms on the basis of their own lack of neutrality would seem somewhat flawed if not hypocritical, no? Confuchsia 08:40, 30 December 2005 (UTC)

 * The entire website is about the use of skinning products, most of which happen to be made by Stardock. Some of them are specifically marketed under the WinCustomize brand. I find it hard to understand why Wikipedia's own articles about those products should not be linked in the WinCustomize article. Are they somehow not relevant to the site when the site is about them?

 * You seem to be defining neutral as "not linking to information about programs made by Stardock", which I believe is inconsistent with the goal of giving appropriate links to other Wikipedia articles. GreenReaper 21:04, 2 January 2006 (UTC)

I agree. Delete this article. Marketing does not belong on Wikipedia. Many of the Stardock related articles need to be either fixed or removed as well. Konfab user 06:01, 28 December 2005 (UTC)

I think a small paragraph about WinCustomize in the Stardock article would be most appropriate. --Konfab user 06:41, 28 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Marketing does not belong on Wikipedia . . . but "articles about companies and products are fine if they are written in an objective and unbiased style." Why not fix the articles rather than seek to remove them? That way information is not lost. GreenReaper 05:21, 30 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Because it is the very nature of those articles that undermines the neutrality of this article. Whilst Wincustomize as a noteworthy topic in itself is not at issue here, the need to individually itemize, link and provide separate pages for Stardock products - what is their criterior for notability? what do they contribute other than advertising for Stardock? - is what imparts the article with its marketing bias. A simple link to Wincustomize/Stardock should suffice. Confuchsia 22:03, 30 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Are you talking about the WinCustomize products section? That is there because there are products that are sold directly via WinCustomize and branded as WinCustomize products (see here). Again, note that the links are all to internal Wikipedia pages about the programs, not to external Stardock-controlled websites. Would you really prefer that people had to go to a Stardock site to find out about them, where the only input is from Stardock employees? :-)

 * Ultimately, when the entire site is dedicated to skinning progams, it seems silly not to link to Wikipedia's own articles about the programs. I think it would be perfectly appropriate for articles like Rainlendar, SysMetrix and Winamp to be linked as well there as examples of the other non-Stardock programs WinCustomize provides skins for. Unfortunately the first two don't have particularly good articles. If you think Stardock programs should not be given undue prominence, why not spend some time contributing to these articles and link them in as well when rewriting the article? GreenReaper 21:04, 2 January 2006 (UTC)

I have modified the page to try to take the editorial and commercialism out of it. In my view, if WinCustomize deserves its own Wiki entry (and given its popularity I think it's safe to say it does) then the Stardock stuff that has nothing to do with the site needed to go. Furthermore, while I am sure some people will object to me removing the intricate details of WinCustomize internal politics, as an encyclopedia entry, it's not appropriate and far too subjective.

The entry should stick with facts. Both sides of the various arguments had far too much subjective opinion in there to be a proper encyclopedia entry. Statements such as "More worrying" (more worrying to whom?) are not facts, they're editorial. On the other side, justification for what Stardock does is subjective as well and has no place.

I will say that I'm astonished at Konfab User's suggestion that the site didn't belong in Wikipedia. One would wonder what his reaction would be if people tried to get rid of the Konfabulator entry on Wiki and instead make it part of the Yahoo page? After all, Konfabular has a lot fewer users than WinCustomize and in fact, it's not called Konfabulator, it's Yahoo Widget Engine. Given that individual episodes of Babylon5 can be found on Wikipedia, the suggestion that WinCustomize, the largest and most popular site for downloading themes, wallpapers, icons, skins, etc. not deserving its own entry reeks of bias. Draginol 4:04, 30 January 2006 (UTC)

These new edits are a major step forward. Not only are attempts to neutralize the criticisms section made, but there are attempts to neutralize the article as a whole. I see nothing wrong with the article as it is now. Can we all agree on this version of the article as the consensus? Konfab user 08:05, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:WinCustomize


text:
Kepler photometer

The Kepler photometer is the main instrument on NASA's Kepler space telescope.

It is a Schmidt telescope (95 cm clear aperture, 140 cm mirror) with an array of 42 2200x1024 CCDs in the focal plane; each CCD is flat, but they are mounted on a curved structure to account for the curved focal plane. The CCDs are not abutting, so the focal plane is not entirely covered, but since the mission's goal is to observe a sample of stars, this doesn't matter.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Kepler photometer


text:
Mendocino War

The Mendocino War was a conflict between the Yuki (mainly Yuki tribes) and white settlers in Mendocino County, California between July 1859 and January 18, 1860. It was caused by settler intrusion and slave raids on native lands and subsequent native retaliation, resulting in the deaths of hundreds of Yuki.

In 1859, a band of locally sponsored rangers led by Walter S. Jarboe, called the Eel River Rangers, raided the countryside in an effort to remove the natives from settler territory and move them onto the Nome Cult Farm, an area near the Mendocino Indian Reservation. By the time the Eel River Rangers were disbanded in 1860, Jarboe and his men had killed 283 warriors, captured 292, killed countless women and children, and only suffered 5 casualties themselves in just 23 engagements. The bill to the state for the rangers' services amounted to $11,143.43. Scholars, however, state that the damage to the area and natives in particular was even higher than reported, especially given the vast number of raiding parties formed outside of the Eel River Rangers.

Other settlers formed their own raiding parties against the natives, joining Jarboe in his mission to rid Round Valley of its native population. Those that survived were moved to the Nome Cult Farm, where they experienced hardships typical of the reservation system of the day. After the conflict, contemporaries claimed that the conflict was more of a slaughter than a war, and later historians have labeled it a genocide.

Background

Round Valley, located in northeastern Mendocino County in Northern California, was home to various Native American tribes. The most populous of these local tribes were the Yuki, whose territory was roughly 1,100 square miles. The Yuki were not one political people; rather, they were several autonomous groups that shared both language and culture, with each community having its own leadership.

In 1853, California started its Indian Reservation System, which was headed by Thomas J. Henley (Superintendent of Indian Affairs), and by 1854 Round Valley was discovered by white settlers. Pierce Asbill, the first white man to see the territory, estimated that there were about 20,000 natives in the area at the time. Scholars now believe this number is a little high, but by 1856, there were 12,000 Native Americans in Round Valley. Although a few families moved into native territory, many of the settlers were rather likes of hunters, fugitives and drifters. In general, they were people who lived off of the land, who traveled to the area for its resources. In the same year, Thomas Henley sent Simmon Pena Storms to start the Nome Cult Farm. Originally meant to be a resting point for natives and people traveling to the Mendocino Indian Reservation, the Nome Cult Farm grew to become a reservation of its own, occupying 5,000 acres of northern Round Valley. This division of the 20,000 acre territory left over 15,000 acres for white settlement.

Seeds of conflict
Despite the amount of land set aside for white settlement, the government had trouble stopping newcomers from settling all over the valley, including on the Nome Cult Farm and Mendocino Reservation. As settlers moved into what was designated native territory, it became hard for the natives to survive. Those that lived on the Nome Cult Farm lived a life of hardship. In a type of indentured servitude, the natives raised their crops but reaped little of the actual benefits. Natives were not protected but were subject to brutal treatment that included assaults, rape, murder, theft of their property, disease, and starvation. Many white settlers who encroached on native territory engaged in kidnapping, stealing Native women and children and subjugating them to servitude or sexual abuse. Natives at the Nome Cult Farm were overworked, and could even be killed if their work was not up to the standards of the reservation. White settlers continued to exploit native land, with many families fencing in thousands of acres each. They removed fences from the Nome Cult Farm and allowed their herds to graze on and through native land, some of which was already filled with crops. The California Reservation System, which was subject to corruption, fraud and misuse of federal funds, provided little recourse. As more settlers encroached on native land and resources, native food sources dried up on and around the reservations.

Escalation
Since ranching methods at the time were not very advanced (barbed wire had not been invented), the settlers had trouble keeping their livestock on their land. Many tried to train their animals to stay in a certain area, but this was not always effective. Livestock often wandered, and the local terrain made matters worse. The territory was new, unfamiliar, and full of hazardous cliffs and predators, and many cattle and horses wandered off and died of natural causes. However, the settlers blamed the natives for any animal that went missing, believing that they were the targets of "Indian Depredations", holding public meetings to stir up animosity towards the natives. In retaliation, they continued their assaults on native land and resources. With no police force at hand, the reservation was powerless to stop local theft of native property or abductions of native people. Locals like Dryden Lacock even stated that settlers, including himself, were engaging in small raiding parties that killed "50-60 Indians a trip". Finally, on the brink of starvation and left with almost no options, the natives began to retaliate. In 1857, a Yuki shot a man named William Mantle while trying to cross the Eel River, and a white man named John McDaniel was killed in 1858. Both had been famous for crimes committed against Native Americans, and reports from the U.S. Army claim that the natives were provoked in both instances.

State and federal involvement
As tensions rose and natives began retaliating for crimes committed against them, the settlers petitioned the U.S. Army for aid. In 1859, the 6th Infantry Regiment led by Major Edward Johnson was called to Round Valley. Major Johnson sent Lieutenant Edward Dillon ahead with 17 men to scout the area and assess the situation. Lieutenant Dillon reported back that the settlers misrepresented the situation. Instead of settlers falling prey to natives, the settlers had in fact already killed hundreds of natives, whose hostile actions had been taken out of revenge or in an effort to survive. The problem, he reported, went all the way up the chain to Supt. Henley, who had been involved in organizing many of these raiding parties. In fact, Supt. Henley was in league with Judge Serranus C. Hastings (a former Iowa Supreme Court Justice), who helped him design plans for the removal of natives from the local territory. As part of their plan, they launched raiding parties and held town-hall style public gatherings where settlers aired their grievances, leading to increased racial prejudice and hatred towards the natives. Judge Hastings was also involved in real estate and livestock trade, and in one instance, the natives stole Judge Hastings's $2,000 stallion in retaliation for the beatings they received at the hands of Judge Hastings's ranch manager, H.L. Hall. Hall had been involved in many brutal assaults on natives. He complained to Lieutenant Dillon that the natives were stealing white supplies. Dillon urged Hall to let him handle the situation, but Hall ignored the command and took his own men raiding. By March 23, 1859, Hall and his men had killed about 240 natives. Dillon reported that Hall did not distinguish between guilty natives or innocent ones, and that his murders of even women and children were unprovoked. In fact, later on when Hall asked for soldiers at his property to protect his livestock, the soldiers refused to do anything to help him, since they were only ordered to defend a native onslaught, and they did not believe what was happening resembled a native attack. The natives faced a choice of either starving to death on the reservations that provided them with no food, or venturing off into the mountainous regions of Mendocino County and risk slaughter by local settlers.

Walter S. Jarboe and the Mendocino War

As the conflict reached a boiling point, Judge Hastings made the executive decision to fire Hall and move all of the remaining natives to the Mendocino Reservation, more to save his property than for the protection of the natives. In June 1859, the "Citizens of Nome Cult Valley", a group of 39 settlers from Round Valley, petitioned the governor of California, John B. Weller, for help in protecting the settlers from native attacks. This petition, promoted and pushed for by Henley and Judge Hastings, was one of more than a dozen letters and petitions that the white settlers of Round Valley sent to the governor requesting government funding for volunteers who sought to protect white property. Within these petitions, the settlers stated their intentions to remove the natives from Mendocino through a "war of extermination". Weller turned to the Army for advice on the petition, seeking to know whether or not the allegations of the settlers were true, since the petitions alleged that over $40,000 in property damages had occurred and over 70 whites had been slain by natives. The petitions also requested that Walter S. Jarboe, a Mendocino County resident, be assigned captain of this group. In 1858, Jarboe had been a leader on a raid in the Mendocino Reservation that killed over 60 natives. Countering the petitioners' claims, Major Johnson and Lieutenant Dillon issued reports telling a different story, claiming that only two whites and about 600 native had been killed in the past year.

In the meantime, Hastings had grown tired of waiting, and created a new company anyway, without federal funding, with Jarboe as captain. The company was often referred to as the Eel River Rangers, and Hastings and Henley promised to provide the funding (they later went back on this promise, forcing the state to pay for Jarboe and his men). From July 1859 to January 1860, Jarboe and his men ravaged native lands and massacred many natives. Claiming that the natives were guilty of theft and violence, Jarboe and his men engaged in an "ethnic cleansing genocide". Trying to justify his actions, Jarboe and his men used carcasses from plundered villages to try to give evidence for native thievery. It was a shoot-first, ask-questions-later approach that gave Jarboe and his men the powers of "judge, jury, and executioner". From July through the middle of August, Jarboe and his men had already killed 50 men, women, and children, prompting Major Johnson to write to Governor Weller. The governor wrote to Jarboe several times, sanctioning the raids, but asking Jarboe to leave out women and children and any innocent natives. Jarboe largely ignored these letters. Through October, Jarboe and his men continued to rampage through the countryside, killing and capturing natives. Those natives they captured were sent to the Mendocino Reservation and the Nome Cult Farm.

The natives were left facing major challenges. Working against them were hunger, unequal weapons, repeated and surprise attacks, their vulnerable position on reservations, and their lack of ability to speak on their own behalf. Jarboe's forces also alienated some white settlers, slaughtering their livestock if they refused to give them food or the necessary supplies. However, most of the damage was done to the natives and was especially deadly given the timing. With winter around the corner, the natives had spent months preparing and harvesting crops. Now, with raids, the men who farmed and hunted and the women who gathered and made the food were killed, and native stores of winter supplies were plundered and lost. Jarboe and his men meanwhile continued their raiding and killing through the winter with the goal of removing the natives completely from Round Valley. Some settlers also decided to assist in this cause, with ranchers leading attacks and raiding parties of their own. In one 22-day period, 40 ranchers killed at least 150 natives. Finally, on January 3, 1860, Governor Weller disbanded Jarboe's group. The public swiftly opposed this decision, petitioning Governor Weller to reinstate the Eel River Rangers, but the protest was unsuccessful.

Aftermath and public reception
On February 18, 1860, Jarboe summarized his record, claiming that in 23 engagements, he and his men killed 283 warriors, captured 292 prisoners, while only sustaining five casualties themselves. The bill to the state for their five months of service was $11,143.43. However, scholars now believe that the number of native casualties was grossly understated, as was the cost to the state. Historian Frank Baumgardner states that the total killed by Jarboe was certainly well over 400. New California Governor John G. Downey now inherited the massive debts incurred by Jarboe and the settlers' raids, debts that the state could not afford to pay. Damage done to Yuki and other tribal cultures was incalculable.

The public reception of the conflict was mixed. A newly created Joint Special Committee on the Mendocino Indian War (also called the Select Committee on Indian Affairs) heard testimony from local settlers. The evidence was contradictory, with stories differing from each account, but some things remained consistent. Jarboe claimed that his actions were provoked by citing numbers of whites killed, but Dillon's reports contradicted those statements. Dillon wrote to his superiors that white settlers were at fault for the entire conflict, and that the locals had funded the slaughter. Many settlers claimed that the natives began the trouble by stealing cattle, while others testified that natives were allowed to eat the cattle and horses that strayed and died of natural causes. Nevertheless, a general consensus emerged that the settlers wanted the natives off of their land and used any means necessary to force them out, including blaming natives for stealing livestock. The investigation concluded that no war had actually occurred in Mendocino County, since the slaughter of natives who offered little resistance and launched no counterattacks could not be considered a war. Rather, the conflict could be more correctly labeled as massacre, and later on historians began calling it a genocide. The committee also recommended some laws to help protect California Indians in the future, but none of them were ever put into place.

Between the time people settled in Mendocino County and the end of the 'war' (1856-1860), the population of Indians decreased by 80%. The rest were relegated to the Mendocino Reservation and the Nome Cult Farm. In the late 1880s, tensions left unresolved from this conflict would lead to the Round Valley War when, in defiance of federal authority, settlers once again began to take over areas of the reservation, ignoring federal policies and settling on Yuki lands.

title: Mendocino War


text: Category:World Heritage Sites in Mongolia


text:
Louis Mustillo

Louis Mustillo (born May 28, 1958) is an American actor who is best known as playing Vincent “Vince” Moranto on Mike & Molly from 2010 to 2016.

Life and career
Mustillo was born in Buffalo, New York. He attended American Academy of Dramatic Arts, where he was a contemporary of the Canadian actor, Elias Koteas, and Illeana Douglas. According to the American Academy's 1983 graduation program, Mustillo and Douglas graduated from the Academy's two year program in a ceremony held at NYC's Winter Garden Theatre on April 26, 1983. They were not asked back to the school's third year, known as The Production Company year.

He has guest starred in more than 50 episodes of television, including an early appearance as a controversial comic on Night Court, and has appeared in over 20 films. He was a series regular on Man of the People with James Garner. He also played Russell Topps for two seasons on DreamWorks first hour-long drama, High Incident. He had a recurring role on The Sopranos as a mafia-associated landscaping business owner, Salvatore "Sal" Vitro. He appeared in The Narrows, and he played sports writer Maury Allen on the ESPN mini-series The Bronx is Burning. Louis also wrote and starred in Bartenders, a one man show that ran for a year at the John Houseman Theatre in New York City.

He also had a regular role in the CBS sitcom Mike & Molly playing Vince, a love interest and later husband of Molly's mother.

Personal life
He is married to Tricia Brown.

title: Louis Mustillo


text:
Talk:Den tredje vågen

Yes, merge them, it's the same article. I first wrote "Den tredje vågen", but I wanted the main title to be in English since this is English wikipedia, so I made a new one, "The Third Wave (film)". The first one was a misstake, delete it, no need for two versions.

User: Bronks

title: Talk:Den tredje vågen


text:
Los Relámpagos del Norte

Los Relámpagos del Norte were a Mexican norteño duo formed in the early 1960s by Cornelio Reyna and Ramón Ayala. Cornelio Reyna was the lead singer and bajo sexto player, while Ramon Ayala was the background vocalist and the accordion player. After successful careers together, Cornelio and Ramon parted ways in the early 1970s. They later reunited in 1995 to record a live album which was successful among their core audience.

This band is respected in the norteño music world and is one of the founding bands for the genre. Servando Cano, the representative of Los Relampagos Del Norte currently represents various bands of similar style. The duo had plans to record a new album, but plans were cut short when Cornelio Reyna died.

Early years
In the early 1960s, Ramón Ayala met Cornelio Reyna and after seeing Ayala's skills at playing the accordion, Cornelio decided to form the duo known as Los Relámpagos del Norte. In 1963, they recorded their first hit, "Ya No Llores", and eventually recorded 20 albums. In 1969, they appeared in the film starring Antonio Aguilar called, "El ojo de vidrio", and they performed their hit, "Hay Ojitos". The band split up in 1971.

Later years
In 1995, Ramón Ayala and Cornelio Reyna reunited and recorded and released the album, "Juntos Para Siempre".

Albums

 * Ya No Llores (1964)
 * El Disco De Oro (1966)
 * Estamos En Algo (1968)
 * Con La Tinta De Mi Sangre (1968)
 * Los Relámpagos del Norte Strike Again! (Vol. 3) (1969)
 * Mas.....Con Los Relámpagos del Norte (1970)
 * Los Relámpagos del Norte (1971)

Singles

 * Por El Amor A Mi Madre (1970)
 * Ya No Llores (1963)
 * Hay Ojitos (1966)
 * Devolución (1966)

title: Los Relámpagos del Norte


text: Talk:Greed (disambiguation)

title: Talk:Greed (disambiguation)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Louis McCarthy

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete --Allen3 talk 21:03, September 5, 2005 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Looting

Examples section
The examples section seems to add no value to this article. I think it should be removed. Toddst1 (talk) 17:26, 6 October 2017 (UTC)

 * I strongly disagree. Without concise chronological examples, it is merely a dictionary entry. Xirja (talk) 02:25, 7 October 2019 (UTC)Xirja
 * No it is not. There is serious and well-verified content. Drmies (talk) 14:11, 7 October 2019 (UTC)

Wholesale removal of material deemed unencyclopedic?
14:23, 4 September 2019 Drmies talk contribs 13,264 bytes -13,090 →Examples: there is no point in such a list

14:41, 6 October 2019 (UTC)Xirja (talk • contribs)

 * Toddst1, I see now that you had the same concerns I did. Here we have, a user with two dozen edits, telling us you are in fact incorrect. They did finally insert an edit summary in their revert (the third one). Anyway, I strongly disagree with the very existence of this list, which adds nothing to the article. BTW this whole article needs a serious scrubbing--one of its gems is "But looting can be dangerous because of bandits." Right. Drmies (talk) 15:11, 6 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Thanks, That restoration was not an improvement. Toddst1 (talk) 19:54, 6 October 2019 (UTC)

No mention of rape?
An entire article about looting and pillaging by military forces, and the word "rape" doesn't appear once? Isn't that astonishing? And no mention of another possible synonym, "sack"? And no links to famous acts of pillaging, such as Nanking or Rome? Acsenray (talk) 17:06, 3 June 2019 (UTC)

looting in riots
Shouldn't this page cover the looting that often happens during riots and protests (like the recent George Floyd protests)? I myself cannot understand why this happens, but unfortunately it often does. So shouldn't this be covered on this page? TGRFAN (talk) 01:03, 1 June 2020 (UTC)

I agree and added a section called “Socio-Economic” looting and wrote a paragraph defining it. It was completely removed as “editorializing” with no further explanation.Jintili (talk)

Yes Yamkēluar (talk) 15:36, 5 August 2021 (UTC)

peak of looting in the late XIXth early XXth century?
«(...) and reaching its peak in the New Imperialism era (...)» I would like some sources and numbers suporting this; please. IF the movement of «outlawing the spoils» started after the napoleonic wars, it would be strange to place THE PEAK of looting in an era when most armies had became paid armies.

I actually came to this article looking for knowledge, so I am not an authority on the matter, but what I found is really lacking. Even I (who am looking for knowledge) know that the process of disciplining armies began in the XVIIth century, by paying soldiers. Soldiery evolved from «an entreprise» in which «looting» was «the pay» to «a job» paid for by wages. Soldiers became expected to behave, as much as you can expect a young man with a gun to behave. The process was not straightforward; it evolved after the napoleonic wars, pari pasu with the (british) parliament reform and a succession of civil service «reforms» during the XIXth century, which gradually extincted sinecures and replaced remuneration by «loot» by proper pay in the form of wages and salaries. By the late XIXth century, loots was way into phasing out. Occurences did happen, still do, but they are illegal, sanctioned by military police and NOT an expected remuneration of warfare.

To my knowledge, the last use of «loot» and licence (authorized by military command) in a war was Francisco Franco's use of his moroccan troops in the early stages of the spanish civil war. Does anyone know of a later occurence? 213.13.151.6 (talk) 16:01, 29 July 2022 (UTC)

 * In the article they mention the taking of industrial equipment after WWII by Soviet troops in Germany as falling under looting. This is not true. There were several treaties which stipulated the reduction of German industrial capacity. If looting is taking stuff by exploiting a fluent power situation, that was not looting. My parents were there and the German word for it is 'Demontage' = dismantling. The German wikipedia has an article 'Demontage' (subchoice reparations). I suggest you use a machine translation to get an idea which percentage of industrial capacities was to be reduced in which areas.
 * Wars offer the opportunity for looting decades after the event. My family's land in the former East Berlin should have been returned to us, but the then Kohl government just took it, when freedom and democracy broke out in East Germany. They exploited the fluid situation after the Wall fell, to declare it theirs. It was a very valuable piece of land, Prenzlauer Promenade 191 in Berlin, so obviously Kohl, often nicknamed Kohleone, could not resist to abuse the newly found power over other people's property. We did not have the money to take the government to court, make the lawyers work on percentages is illegal.
 * There is no mentioning in the article if looting has a statute of limitations. But since looting is a war crime it probably can be pursued like forever. Ally Hauptmann-Gurski 2001:8003:A070:7F00:CC45:5621:758B:169 (talk) 05:33, 31 May 2024 (UTC)

What looting episodes should be mentioned?
Someone wants the looting in ucraine mentioned.

I also saw minor looting episodes mentioned, probably according to the nationalistic antipathies of the writer. This is not how episodes should be selected for mention. Instead, historical turning points and particularly severe occurencies (for its time and circunstance) should be mentioned, and minor events should be actively omited; on purpose. Because what you don't say is just as important as what you do say. 213.13.151.6 (talk) 16:06, 29 July 2022 (UTC)

Photo for "Modern conflicts" section
I did't find this recent replacement photo very informative. In contrast to the one it replaces, it doesn't illustrate the topic "Looting" very well. It looks like a mostly empty room; there's no hint that it's a museum, or that it has been recently looted. The efforts to assert the replacement seem politically motivated. Understandable, which is why I think a picture of a less recent instance would be an improvement. The (too) modern conflict depicted is a raw spot for many. signed, Willondon (talk) 17:08, 2 March 2024 (UTC)

 * I saw the picture a few days ago & I don't think it should be there. Especially since it's not discussed in the text, nor is it an especially unique depiction of looting.
 * What would be more interesting could be the trend of soldiers making videos of their own looting to post to social media. There are so many examples and it's a recent phenomenon. With a photo reflecting this. Or a picture of the looted artefacts from a museum in Gaza that were then put on display at the Israeli Knesset. Annabeeee (talk) 13:10, 3 March 2024 (UTC)
 * very informative. In contrast to the one it replaces ...he efforts to assert the replacement seem politically motivated. Understandable |
 * ..There are all sorts of photos of the "caught red-handed vibe" . You could have these as examples in the same military conflict of the replacement photo  (1) (2).
 * To assume that one is particular is reliably out of all others is more "Impartial" or "Illustrative"  than any other  that nothing else can substitute it,  is a long shot  (There is in fact an entire Wikipedia article for that matter ; clearly showing a phenomena , rather than what could be challanged as  an isolated , individual act by a few members   ).
 * In contrast to the original photo : there is yet to be an RS source which suggests that looting (Robbery on a mass scale against civilians ) was a noteworthy part of such events.
 * That's especially said since RS sources seem to state that in the conflict of the original photo : it's the  other team  that has committed a  looting of civilian properties at noteworthy rates  (1) (2) (3) (4) (5).
 * You also have a "caught red-handed" footage of such things (1) (2).
 * ..Willondon : this picture is more than just an "illustration" ; this is giving implications on the events , which may actually be the "POV" , "Political" motivation you seem to detest.
 * This is Wikipedia, we don't  push narratives , subtly or explicitly  . We simply stick to what multiple sources state.
 * Unless you start putting a picture of every wartime looting incident :  the current picture is partial.
 * Either we revert the Kherson replacement picture   ,  remove the whole  current picture  in the section  ,  or instead find another picture of a conflict where people won't suspect prejudice or foul play.
 * ..I said my piece . 176.44.74.34 (talk) 16:09, 3 March 2024 (UTC)

 * I couldn't understand all of what you were saying, but I sense we would agree on some things: (1) Wikipedia should not be adopting a non-neutral point of view; (2) pictures of looting involving recent or current situations almost inevitably have a politically charged signifigance (on both "sides"). So I would say replacing the picture with a more neutral one would be a vast improvement, or removing the picture altogether could be a solution. I still think the suggested replacement has practically no value in illustrating the topic: it shows an empty room of some sort. I support replacing the current one partly because it, too, is not a very good illustration of the topic (it could be someone hoarding an item, or taking part in a chaotic sales event). When I did a Google Image search on "looting", many of the matches showed things like (1) three or more people, (2) entering through broken windows, (3) a ransacked shop, etc. Someone would need to seek out one with a license that Wikipedia can use.  signed, Willondon (talk)  17:29, 3 March 2024 (UTC)
 * It's great to see you realised these things.
 * ..Anyway : I think we found the proper answer.
 * The problem with the article is that almost all the looting incidents in it are war-related, and none seem to give the impression that mass-robbery (Looting) can also occur in civil contexts .  The defintion is broad enough to include all incidents in which anarchy and lawlessness is a key element in them.
 * Unlike Political conflicts : there is no distrust, or otherwise some of the moralistic-emotional baggage that would call heated disputes and accusations of prejudice or justifications.
 * The most memorable and contemporary example of such things are the George Floyd protests at their peak 4 years ago (In fact : I just noticed they were mentioned in the article ).
 * I managed to find these two pictures, and two videos  (1) (2) (3) (4).
 * Both have the "caught red handed vibe" you seem to be looking for . Not to mention the pictures show more than just a single individual  as to dismiss such incidents as isolated robberies, and there are probably tens , if not hundreds of RS sources that agree looting did occur during the George Floyd protests.
 * I think these are the best replacements to both the Kherson Museum picture, and the current picture .  Not to mention they broaden the scope of  events which are considered to be "Looting" to more than just military conflicts.
 * What do you think ? . 176.44.74.34 (talk) 12:35, 4 March 2024 (UTC)
 * Yes, those are exactlly the sort of thing that illustrate looting well. Unfortunately, they're probably not licensed for Wikipedia to use. I checked the Wikimedia Commons, but didn't see anything close to a good illustration for this. Well, at least we have an idea of what we want. Natural disasters (epecially floods) are often occasions for looting; so that's a good place to look, too.  signed, Willondon (talk)  18:11, 4 March 2024 (UTC)
 * Yes, those are exactlly the sort of thing that illustrate looting well. Unfortunately, they're probably not licensed for Wikipedia to use. I checked the Wikimedia Commons, but didn't see anything close to a good illustration for this. Well, at least we have an idea of what we want. Natural disasters (epecially floods) are often occasions for looting; so that's a good place to look, too.  signed, Willondon (talk)  18:11, 4 March 2024 (UTC)

Thanks,. I like the latest replacement. signed, Willondon (talk) 15:35, 5 March 2024 (UTC)

Photo for gallery
To extend the discussion above, I think the picture that was replaced in "Modern conflicts" and has now been added to the gallery is unsuitable for the same reasons as above: (1) it carries unnecessary baggage that makes it difficult to maintain a neutral point of view, (2) more importantly, it is not a very good illustration of looting. It shows a man with an armful of similar items in a shop of some sort. signed, Willondon (talk) 15:17, 6 March 2024 (UTC)
 * If he is not a soldier of some kind, not a relevant image to the topic of looting. Dimadick (talk) 17:39, 9 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Looting


text:
Talk:Knee (disambiguation)

Untitled
I have undeleted the speedy, apparently by User:Jfdwolff for the following reasons, each in itself sufficient: And, policy aside, it should be obvious from the dab-page's history that this is on the verge of becoming a good Dab, even without examining the cmt by editing it. --Jerzy•t 18:41, 2005 August 30 (UTC)
 * not a clear WP:CSD
 * deletion does not take into account the non-deletable history
 * speedy (unlike VfD) does not preclude identical recreation, and restoration w/ its history is cleaner & more efficient.

title: Talk:Knee (disambiguation)


text:
User talk:Pelow

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Dunc|☺ 18:42, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
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List of publications in biology
Hi,

Thanks for your contribution to the list. i think that it will be more useful to specify one or two important publications instead of sending the reader to the list. People unfamiliar with biogeography, like me, find such a list not very useful since we wouldn't know where to start. Can you take care of that? Thanks, APH 11:41, 4 September 2005 (UTC)

Science pearls
Hello,

Since you contributed in the past to the publications’ lists, I thought that you might be interested in this new project. I’ll be glad if you will continue contributing. Thanks,APH 10:33, 11 September 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Pelow


text:
User talk:SanjaySingh

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --玉米^ō^麦兜 18:42, August 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

The Gift of Men article
Hi, Sanjay. I hope you didn't take my edits to Gift of Men as a critique of your writing: I do indeed appreciate it, and recognize that as prose it's better than a lot of Wikipedia pages. My edits were really just an attempt to make the article fit more with Wikipedia "house style". I'm not a hard-core Tolkien scholar, but I am a Tolkien fan (that is, I've read the Silmarillion several times, and most of the History of Middle-Earth volumes at least once, but I'm not au fait with the ins and outs of "Tokien criticism").

I hope you noticed that I didn't remove the note about the choices which Elves and Men have had to make; I just formatted it so that it was a standard footnote, instead of a jury-rigged one indicated with an asterisk (*). I removed two comments which explicitly suggested that the reader might find such-and-such interesting, because I don't think it's appropriate encyclopedic style to tell the reader what he or she should find interesting: we should present information with pointers towards further study, which the reader can choose to follow up on or not as he or she sees fit. But that's mainly a stylistic problem — I think that it should be possible to present the same indicators in a way that isn't leading.

As for the specific line about the Great Music, I presume that your argument about its incorruptibility is based on something in Tolkien's writings. If so, it should be possible to quote or reference it without having to resort to saying "the interpretation of this author". Alternatively, if the interpretation is one which has been discussed in Tolkien scholarship, we could say "Tolkien scholar so-and-so wrote in My Big Book of Middle-Earth Theology that the freedom of Men does not extend to the capacity to damage the themes of the Great Music, as Melkor did before Ilúvatar made the Music manifest in the creation of Arda", or something like that. (Forgive me if I'm misrepresenting the argument, but I hope you understand the presentational point I'm trying to make.)

If you can find a way to introduce these ideas without expressing them either as your own point of view, please feel free to do so. If I had felt confident enough in my own Tolkien scholarship to rephrase the note myself, I would have done so, but as you say I'm more of a "tourist". (However, I hope I'm one who's sufficiently familiar with the guide book that I won't damage the artefacts, to stretch the metaphor.)

My concern in the edits was to preserve a neutral point of view in the article. You're correct that a certain amount of interpretation is inevitable in an article of literary criticism. However, my understanding of Wikipedia policy is that in subjects of this kind, if there is a strong scholarly consensus on a subject, it can be presented without qualification ("The earth revolves around the sun"), and if there's a notable division among scholars, both sides should be presented with appropriate attribution ("Most scientists believe that the earth is approximately 4.5 billion years old, but a few religious scholars and biblical literalists believe that it is much younger.") See NPOV tutorial for better examples of what I'm getting at.

Or, as WP:NPOV puts it:
 * "Debates are described, represented, and characterized, but not engaged in. Background is provided on who believes what and why, and which view is more popular. Detailed articles might also contain the mutual evaluations of each viewpoint, but studiously refrain from stating which is better. One can think of unbiased writing as the cold, fair, analytical description of debates. When bias towards one particular point of view can be detected the article needs to be fixed."

So we should be able to say either "The Gift of Man allows the younger Children of Ilúvatar freedom to act in accordance with or opposition to the themes of the Great Music, but does not allow those themes to be damaged as they were when Melkor introduced his own themes in the first Great Music" (or something better worded), or say "According to insert notable Tolkien scholar here, the Gift of Man etc.", or say, "Scholars such as so-and-so believe that the freedom of men does not extend to the ability to damage the themes of the Great Music, but in an essay in Imaginary Theology no. 362, such-and-such argued that this was not consistent with comments made by Tolkien in a 1947 letter to Dom Bede Griffiths." Or whatever.

I've been very long-winded here and probably said very little. The most important thing is to note that I didn't mean to step on your toes, and was only operating out of a desire to improve the encyclopedia. I assume good faith of you, and hope you can do the same of me. We can work together with other editors to retain the relevant content on the Gift of Men page, and keep it consistent with Wikipedia style guidelines.

Best, Josiah Rowe (talk • contribs) 21:56, 5 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Hi again, Sanjay. I think we're mostly on the same page about the Gift of Men.  I've read some philosophy myself (I touch on my philosophical and religious views very briefly on my user page).  I generally view the Silmarillion as more mythopoetic than philosophical, but there are certainly philosophical implications there.  The only thing that we should be careful of is to avoid anything which smacks of original research.  I'm sure that you are, as you say, "not an idiot", and that you are capable of insightful interpretations of free will and destiny as expressed in the notions of the Great Music and the Gift of Men — however, Wikipedia might not be the best place to express those ideas, no matter how well-thought-out and valid.  When I mentioned Tolkien scholars, I wasn't just thinking of people on the web, but of Tolkien criticism in print, which I gather is a small but flourishing industry.  I'm sure that someone has published something on these subjects in the journal of the Mythopoeic Society, for example.  I don't dispute that you "have a brain, and ... can provide quality discourse about the topic"; it's just that on Wikipedia we shouldn't be generating our own discourse, only reporting the notable discourse of others.

 * But this is only a minor concern. I don't think that anything on the Gift of Men page now is problematic — as you say, it's derived pretty directly from Tolkien's writing.  However, if we become much more speculative there's a danger that it could become original research, which is a big Wikipedia no-no.  That said, I seem to recall some discussion of the theological aspects of the Gift of Men in Tolkien's Letters, which could provide material for a textually based discussion that wouldn't be original research (as it would be based on Tolkien's ideas, not yours or mine).  If I have the time this week or next, I'll try to dig up my copy of the Letters and see what I can find.

 * Best, —Josiah Rowe (talk • contribs) 23:40, 10 April 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:SanjaySingh


text:
Sopranissimo

Sopranissimo (from Italian Sopra "above" and -issimo "extremely") is any pitch higher than soprano.

One example is the sopranissimo saxophone in B♭. This instrument is pitched an octave above the normal soprano saxophone, and is currently manufactured under the Soprillo brand name. The Sopranissimo saxophone is the smallest instrument of the saxophone family. This includes sopranino, soprano, alto, tenor, baritone, bass, contrabass, and subcontrabass. Only the soprano, alto, tenor, and baritone are commonly used. All saxophones are woodwind instruments.

There are also sopranissimo ukuleles, and sopranissimo recorders.

title: Sopranissimo


text:
Talk:Mathematical chemistry

What is mathematical chemistry?
Grestrepo (talk) 17:25, 23 October 2008 (UTC) To have a more clear definition in this line of thought it is necessary to define structure. In mathematical terms a structure is a couple (X, R) where X is a non-empty set and R is a binary relation on X. Therefore, in chemistry we have as many structures as many sets X we consider and as many relations R we study. For example one can consider a finite set of substances and study their similarities, in this case R is a similarity relationship. One can also study the same set from the order theory, thus one obtains a partial order structure.

Mathematical chemistry is the science whose object of study is (abstract) structure (that may or may not exist in nature). 212.18.56.195 18:44, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Not only a structure, but also a chemical reaction -- so-called "computer synthesis" --Tim32 04:43, 27 October 2007 (UTC)

Grestrepo (talk) 17:25, 23 October 2008 (UTC) I do not think computer chemistry is mathematical chemistry. I think computers help to solve questions risen by mathematical chemists, which is different. The other thing is that a wealth of mathematical chemistry has been done using graph theory but not all mathematical chemistry is devoted to graph theory in chemistry. For example the use of information theory, knot theory or point-set topology is not directly related to graphs and however is mathematical chemistry. In this respect see for example:

 * Restrepo, G.; Llanos, E. J.; Mesa, H. On the topological sense of chemical sets. J. Math. Chem. 2006, 39, 363-376.

 * Bonchev, D. Periodicity of the Chemical Elements and Nuclides: An Information-Theoretic Analysis. In The mathematics of the periodic table; King, B.; Rouvray, D., Eds.; Nova: New York, USA, 2006; Chapter 8, pp. 161-188.

Grestrepo (talk) 17:25, 23 October 2008 (UTC) I also think that mathematical chemistry is not only restricted to organic chemistry. However is clear that owing to the large number of organic substances in comparison to the inorganic ones, the mathematico-chemical studies have been more widespread in organic chemistry.

Grestrepo (talk) 17:25, 23 October 2008 (UTC) I would not confuse the terms computer chemistry and mathematical chemistry. The first one refers to the use of computers to solve chemical questions and the latter to the application of mathematical theories to understand and formalise chemical knowledge.

Generally computer chemistry (mathematical chemistry) is based on graph theory applications for organic chemistry. Common tasks of computer chemistry are: relations "structure - property", "structure - activity", chemical reactions enumeration (so-called "computer synthesis"). The main models used in computer chemistry are molecular graph and topological index. The computer chemistry is very young branch of chemistry, so different definitions may be possible. But, obviously, computer chemistry is not quantum chemistry, is not computational chemistry etc. Other branches of chemistry also based on mathematical theory, so "computer chemistry" is better name as "mathematical chemistry". First of all, IMHO, the context of Chemical graph theory should be moved here, and Chemical graph theory should be deleted. "Chemical graph theory" was very good name for the book by Bonchev and Rouvray, but it is not chemical branch.

Following examples of investigations in the computer chemistry had been done in Lab of Computer chemistry of N.D.Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chem. of Russian Academy of Sci. (Moscow):

 * N. S. Zefirov, M. A. Kirpichenok, F. F. Izmailov, and M. I.Trofimov, Scheme for the Calculation of the Electronegativities of Atoms in a Molecule in the Framework of Sanderson's Principle, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1987, 296: 883 [Dokl.Chem., 1987 (Engl. Transl.)].

 * M. I. Trofimov, An Optimization of Procedure for Calculation of Hosoya's Index, J. Math. Chem., 1991, 8, 327.

 * M.I.Trofimov, E.A.Smolenskii,Application of the electronegativity indices of organic molecules to tasks of chemical informatics, Russian Chemical Bulletin, 2005, 54(9): 2235.(http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11172-006-0105-6). --Tim32 08:28, 13 November 2007 (UTC)

From my talk page
I am not so sure that you have got the definition of mathematical chemistry and its relationship to theoretical and computational chemistry exactly right. It tends to be used in a very restricted sense covering such direct mathematical ideas as graph theory and so on. The contents of the Journal of Mathematical Chemistry are very restricted. I do not think mathematical modeling is normally considered as part of mathematical chemistry. Your edit to Computational chemistry - "Computational chemistry uses the results of theoretical chemistry, in particular, its branch mathematical chemistry" is not, I think really correct. The mathematics of the various methods of computational chemistry are important, but they are not considered, as far as I can see, as mathematical chemistry. I think there are similar problems with your edit to mathematical chemistry. What do you think? --Bduke 02:34, 13 November 2007 (UTC)
 * I noticed that certain areas are undercovered and fixed some gaps using the references available, not from my own head, so I take no responsibility.
 * "I am not so sure that you have got"- I am not inventing bicycles here. I noticed that the old version of mathematical chemistry was rather strange nd first thing I did, I found a reference (added) with the definition. If you have anther reference, you are welcome to expand the article "other authors define it as .... bla-bla".

 * "I do not think mathematical modeling ... is part". Of course not. I dod not say that. It is vice versa.
 * I claim no scope of mathematical chemistry and I see no contradictions in my additions, in particular in does not contradict your statement that "The mathematics of the various method...."
 * Thanks for looking into my edits. I claim no expertise here, but I don't see glaring errors either. It is possible that I dont exactly understood your remarks. Please elaborate. `'Míkka>t 02:50, 13 November 2007 (UTC)

Perhaps you do misunderstand me or perhaps I have expressed myself badly. Let me concentrate on "Computational chemistry uses the results of theoretical chemistry, in particular, its branch mathematical chemistry", although that is from computational chemistry, not from mathematical chemistry. The problem is really the word "particularly". The results of theoretical chemistry that are used are quantum mechanics, statistical mechanics, force fields, linear algebra, molecular integrals and so on. None of these are mathematical chemistry. It seems to me that that term is generally restricted to topics like graph theory and topology and that it does not include applied mathematics topics. Mathematical chemistry now states that "Mathematical chemistry is a branch of theoretical chemistry defined as mathematical modeling of chemical phenomena. Does this mean "Mathematical chemistry is defined as mathematical modeling of chemical phenomena" or "theoretical chemistry is defined as mathematical modeling of chemical phenomena"?  The first is not, I think, correct as  all all aspects of "mathematical modeling of chemical phenomena" are not included in mathematical chemistry. The second is close but I have not seen it defined in that way.  Do you have sources for the definition of either term? --Bduke 03:24, 13 November 2007 (UTC)
 * I think part of the problem is that mathematical chemistry is defined in many ways. Some people talk about any kind of interaction between mathematicians and chemists. Others define it more carefully. The Journal of Mathematical Chemistry talks of "publishes original, chemically important mathematical results which use non-routine mathematical methodologies often unfamiliar to the usual audience of mainstream experimental and theoretical chemistry journals". It then goes on to articulate a wider vision, but a look at the contents shows a more restricted use of the term. Maybe there is no agreed definition of the term. --Bduke 03:42, 13 November 2007 (UTC)

The problem is that the sentence "Mathematical chemistry is a branch of theoretical chemistry defined as mathematical modeling of chemical phenomena" is a half-quote taken out context from a book review, and as a consequence is too vague. A more complete quote is more informative: "that area of research engaged in the novel and nontrivial applications of mathematics to chemistry; it concerns itself principally with the mathematical modeling of chemical phenomena". Also, I see no evidence that anyone calls it "computer chemistry". A more complete reading of the review shows clearly what is meant by "nontrivial applications of mathematics": it talks about graph theory, topology, and group theory. I'll update the definition accordingly. --Itub 08:47, 13 November 2007 (UTC)

Computer chemistry
We are listing computer chemistry as an alternative name for mathematical chemistry, but computer chemistry redirects to computational chemistry. So far, the only reason I have found for mentioning computer chemistry as a synonym for mathematical chemistry is the existence of MATCH Communications in Mathematical and in Computer Chemistry, which is listed in the external links. However, I think that is a name that persists for historical reasons (it dates from 1975) and is not used much nowadays to avoid confusion with computational chemistry. Furthermore, I think it is more accurate to say that most of "computer chemistry"--which I think originally meant the use of computers in mathematical chemistry research--is called chemoinformatics nowadays. See these two books for example:,. --Itub 10:33, 13 November 2007 (UTC)
 * That redirect was only added in the last day. I'm not sure what we do with it. A disambiguation page maybe? --Bduke 10:59, 13 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Yes, I think a disambiguation page is the best option. --Itub 11:01, 13 November 2007 (UTC)
 * I am afraid user:Itub makes a conclusion improperly: "computer chemistry as a synonym for mathematical chemistry". The name of the publication is "in Mathematical and in Computer Chemistry", rather than "in Mathematical or in Computer Chemistry". (although the statement may  be right).
 * Clearly both terms (and throw chemical graph theory in here) are neologisms, possibly adoped by certain schools, and to figure out what calls what requires real experts in the field who know the history and the inside movements. I may well understand that chemical graph theory may appear as woodoo science, after all, we already know that chemical bonds are not exactly pieces of rope that hold molecules together, but rather complex quantum physics phenomena. Still, this is wikipedia, and our purpose is to explain how other people (not we) call various things as published in professional literature. Otherwise we will only increase the confusion. In particulat I would like to ask to provide proofs of the validity of the disambiguation page computer chemistry, ie., the facts of multisynonymous (ambiguous) usage of the term. `'Míkka>t 16:14, 13 November 2007 (UTC)

 * I'd be happy with deleting the mention of "computer chemistry" from this article (I wasn't the one who added it, but I was reluctant to delete it). But I still like the idea of a disambiguation page, to disambiguate between computational chemistry and chemoinformatics. There were books around 1990 with titles such as Computer chemistry which tried to encompass all applications of computers in chemistry, but as the field evolved, the term generally fell into disuse and was replaced by computational chemistry and chemoinformatics. --Itub 16:25, 13 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Míkka wrote: "we already know that chemical bonds are not exactly pieces of rope that hold molecules together, but rather complex quantum physics phenomena." In a few words: there are two approaches to molecular structure in organic chemistry: classical and modern (quantum). Computer chemistry uses molecular graph model, which maps onto classical structural formula of organic compound.--Tim32 08:26, 14 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Please, see, Dodecahedrane synthesis for example of "classical structural formula"--Tim32 08:40, 14 November 2007 (UTC)

18th century
It looks like a nonsense: "The term was coined in 1970s, although the history of the approach may be traced back into 18th century." Please, give any fact to prove it.--Tim32 08:11, 14 November 2007 (UTC)
 * I thnk this refers to a quote from a guy called Silvester along the lines that all chemical problems will be an exercise in mathematics, but I need to find it. I did not add that sentence. --Bduke 08:54, 14 November 2007 (UTC)
 * The cited reference says precisely that (well, it says "200 years ago" and was written in the 20th century). --Itub 08:55, 14 November 2007 (UTC)
 * For more information, see Chemical Graph Theory: Introduction and Fundamentals By Danail. Bonchev. --Itub 09:01, 14 November 2007 (UTC)

The general goals of organic chemistry may be defined as new reaction, new compound and its properties. The general goals of computer chemistry are an algorithm and computer program. (The program may be used outside computer chemistry frameworks – in contrast with quantum chemistry. For example, not every chemist has special skills to use quantum program, but every chemist can use MolGen). In spite of so-called “paper programming” introduced by Ershov in 20th century, the “computer program” goal seems very strange for 18th century. Bonchev is well-known specialist in computer chemistry area, and I think he has written very strong reasons for this statement in his book. Also, I think that I am very poor informed about chemical achievements in 18th century. But, again, outside context of the book this statement looks very strange. So, any example about “18th century” from this book may be inserted to the article and this addition would be very appreciated by Wiki readers. (BTW, perhaps, Bonchev meant chemical informatics? Chemical Abstracts was printed without computer usage for a long time period. Some books like Chemical Abstracts may be printed in 18th century also.) Sorry, but this time I can not download Bonchev’s book via Internet.--Tim32 09:39, 15 November 2007 (UTC)

 * The book refers to the first applications of graph theory to chemistry, which happened in the 18th century (the same century that saw the origin of graph theory). No one would call that "computer chemistry", but it fits well within what is called mathematical chemistry today. Note that these early applications were not "chemical graphs" in the modern sense of representing the structure of a molecule, because the structural theory of molecules was not developed until the second half of the 19th century! --Itub 10:15, 15 November 2007 (UTC)

"It's all very complicated and would take a scientist to explain it." -- MST3K Tim32 (talk) 19:01, 16 November 2007 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Mathematical chemistry


text:
File talk:Starlette.jpg

Who is she?
Who is this starlet? +sj +  18:44, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

Was wondering the same thing. --84.217.114.155 22:41, 9 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Why is this featured? Skinnyweed 00:33, 26 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Why are they taking photos of her? --Abdull 10:49, 29 June 2006 (UTC)
 * This starlet is probably not American or even English. If the rest of you had paid close attention, the uploader of this photo also took it himself. His user page claims he is a native speaker of French, no mention about English or anything else. If I am not mistaken, I do believe he is French and this is a French celebrity, or at least a European celebrity coming to visit France. As for the lingerie and paparazzi thing, well it's Europe. It's still a Western country. If anything, many make the claim that some parts of Europe tend to be freer about sex (ex. they go on the beaches naked and no one cares). ★  Dasani  ★ 05:45, 25 December 2008 (UTC)
 * Ok, so what we are looking at is a European (most likely French or Swiss) celebrity. The photo was taken (at least that's what the user/author claims) in the 1979 Cannes Film festival... ok, also "Starlet" appears to by in her 20 (or early 30)... so I guess we should be looking for a 62(give or take)year old European model/actress...

for what its worth, she kinda looks like Britney Spears, back when she was hot (in the 90s)--Ivc392 23:47, 23 October 2011 (GTM)

Featured?
WTF? Superior1 05:41, 24 February 2007 (UTC)

Cool
Porn! Cool! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 189.33.203.27 (talk) 05:38, 25 November 2007 (UTC)

title: File talk:Starlette.jpg


text:
1987 Whittier Narrows earthquake

The 1987 Whittier Narrows earthquake occurred in the southern San Gabriel Valley and surrounding communities of Southern California, United States, at 7:42 a.m. PDT on October 1. The moderate magnitude 5.9 blind thrust earthquake was centered several miles north of Whittier in the town of Rosemead, had a relatively shallow depth, and was felt throughout southern California and southern Nevada. Many homes and businesses were affected, along with roadway disruptions, mainly in Los Angeles and Orange counties. Damage estimates ranged from $213–358 million, with 200 injuries, three directly-related deaths, and five additional fatalities that were associated with the event.

Mercalli intensity values for the greater Los Angeles area varied with ranges from VI (Strong) to VII (Very strong). Only Whittier experienced a level of VIII (Severe), the highest experienced during the event, with the historic uptown area suffering the greatest damage. A separate M5.2 strike-slip event occurred three days later and several kilometers to the northwest that also caused damage and one additional death. Because of the earthquake activity in the Los Angeles Metropolitan area, buildings and other public structures had been equipped with accelerometers, and both the mainshock and the primary aftershock provided additional data for seismologists to analyze and compare with other Southern California events.

Tectonic setting
Beginning with the 1983 Coalinga earthquake, a blind thrust event in the central coast ranges of California, a change in perspective was brought about regarding these types of (concealed) faults. The October 1987 shock occurred on a previously unrecognized blind thrust fault that is now known as the Puente Hills thrust system. The fault was delineated by the mainshock and aftershock focal mechanisms, fault plane reflection studies, and high resolution seismic profiles, which also revealed that the fault runs from downtown Los Angeles to near Puente Hills. The system is considered one of the highest-risk faults in the United States due to its moderate dip and its location under a large metropolitan area.

Earthquake
The main shock occurred near the northwestern border of Puente Hills 3 km north of the Whittier Narrows at a depth of 14 km. First motion polarities, along with modeling of teleseismic P and S-waves, established that the thrust fault responsible for the shock strikes east-west with a dip of 25° dip to the north. The shock was located adjacent to the west-northwest striking Whittier fault, which is primarily a strike-slip fault, but also has a minor thrust component.

Although most of the Los Angeles metropolitan area saw shaking in line with Mercalli Intensity values of VI (Strong) or VII (Very strong), Whittier experienced effects consistent with MMI values of VIII (Severe). The old commercial district saw the worst damage, as these were the oldest buildings, and were also heavily damaged in the 1929 Whittier earthquake, a shock may have been a result of movement on the Norwalk Fault.

Damage
The 7:42 a.m. shock was the strongest in the Los Angeles area since the 1971 San Fernando earthquake and was felt as far as San Diego and San Luis Obispo, California and Las Vegas, Nevada. Communication systems and local media were temporarily impaired and power was cut, leaving numerous early morning workers stranded in disabled elevators. Other minor disruptions included a number of water and gas main breaks, shattered windows and some ceiling collapses. Like the San Fernando earthquake, transportation systems were again affected, but this time it was only the Santa Ana Freeway and San Gabriel River Freeways that were closed near Santa Fe Springs after pieces of concrete were dislodged and cracks were observed in the roadway. Los Angeles County+USC Medical Center took many of the injured, whose injuries were summarized by an emergency room spokesman as very bad to minor, and three people died as a direct result.

While total casualties amounted to eight, the destruction of homes was significant. Throughout Los Angeles, Orange, and Ventura counties, 123 homes and 1,347 apartments were destroyed, and an additional 513 homes and 2,040 apartments were damaged. An inspection of a highway bridge on Interstate 605 revealed that there were fractures on the support columns, which resulted in temporary closure, and minor damage affected 28 other bridges. Other typical failures included more than 1,000 gas leaks, with many resulting in fire, ceramic elements on high-voltage substation equipment breaking and phone systems becoming overwhelmed.

Strong motion
Caltech scientists recorded the events on a cluster of twelve strong motion sensors that were placed throughout the region with a total of 87 channels of recorded data. Nine of these instruments were located on the Caltech campus, two were at the nine-story Jet Propulsion Laboratory building 180 (ten miles northwest of the campus) and the final device was placed on a hillside 5 km to the west. Investigation of the accelerograms from these units revealed the strongest shaking lasted 4–5 seconds. The vertical accelerations were considered relatively high and early analysis (pre-digitalization) indicated that the mainshock was complex, with a double train of P-waves arriving with a 1.4–1.8 second interval.

The National Strong-Motion Instrumentation Network (NSMIN) (a cooperative effort including the United States Geological Survey and other organizations) also monitored a set of 52 strong motion stations in the Los Angeles area. Most of the stations successfully captured the event, and the closest unit to the mainshock, a rock site at Garvey Reservoir, recorded a peak horizontal acceleration of 0.47 g. A twelve-story steel frame building in Alhambra was outfitted with accelerographs in the basement, at mid-level, and the top of the structure. The top floor instruments recorded a peak acceleration of 0.18 g during the 1971 San Fernando earthquake and instruments on the sixth floor recorded a peak acceleration of 0.47 g at the time of the Whittier mainshock. A ten-story reinforced concrete building in Whittier (7215 Bright Ave.) saw a peak horizontal reading of 0.63 g in the basement.

Aftershocks
A magnitude 5.2 event occurred three days later on October 4, causing additional damage in Alhambra, Pico Rivera, Los Angeles, and Whittier. The shock's effects were assessed at VII (Very strong) on the Mercalli Intensity Scale with damaged chimneys, broken windows, and the collapse of two bell towers at the San Gabriel Civic Auditorium. This event was also responsible for several injuries and one additional death. On February 11 of the following year, another small aftershock again damaged chimneys, broke windows, cracked drywall, and some homes' foundations in Pico Rivera, Pasadena, and Whittier.

The October 4 aftershock struck 3 km to the northwest of the mainshock, and was primarily a strike-slip event on a steeply dipping, northwest-striking fault. The origin of faulting for this event was at a depth of 12 km, which places it within the hanging wall of the thrust fault that was responsible for the mainshock.

This aftershock was recorded on thirty of the NSMIN stations at distances of up to 57 km. The majority of the stations were located in buildings, but nine were located at dams or reservoirs, and four were at Veterans Administration buildings. Lighter accelerations were observed than the main shock, with peak accelerations in the range of 0.15 g–0.33 g, all occurring at six stations that were within 12 km of the epicenter.

Other events
The 1929 Whittier earthquake occurred on July 8 with a local magnitude of 4.7 and maximum perceived intensity of VII (Very strong) on the Mercalli Intensity scale. The shock occurred at a depth of 13 km and was most intense to the southwest of the city, where a school and two homes were heavily damaged and other homes sustained chimney collapses. In Santa Fe Springs, oil towers were damaged and some short cracks appeared in the ground. This earthquake was felt from Mount Wilson to Santa Ana, and from Hermosa Beach to Riverside. Numerous aftershocks occurred in the first several hours and persisted through early 1931.

Aftermath
In order to gather funds to help the rebuilding effort, the city of Whittier approved the establishment of a 521-acre earthquake recovery redevelopment area. Through this initiative, property tax revenue is directed to the city rather than to the county and schools, the originally designated recipients. The arrangement will remain in effect until the year 2037.

A nonprofit organization called the Whittier Conservancy was formed shortly after the Whittier Narrows earthquake. The group aids in the preservation of the city's historical style of construction. During the earthquake, several notable buildings were destroyed, including the Harvey Apartments. They were built with bricks that appeared to have been made by hand during the 19th century; the mud used to make them came from the San Gabriel River. The Conservancy felt that these bricks were worth saving, not only for their historical value but also for their aesthetics.

Some effort was made to save and use the bricks for rebuilding the historic apartment on the corner of Greenleaf Avenue and Hadley Street. They spent $15,000 to prevent the usable bricks from being taken during the final demolition of the building. The bricks were then cleaned, then stored until they could be used in the rebuilding of the apartment. The Whittier Conservancy also collaborated in the rezoning of the Hadley neighborhood and was able to help control the rate of new multiple-family dwelling construction.

In popular culture
Spalding Gray related his experience of the earthquake in his film Monster in a Box.

title: 1987 Whittier Narrows earthquake


text:
Goody's Powder

Goody's Powder, also called Goody's Headache Powders, is an over-the-counter aspirin/paracetamol/caffeine–based pain reliever, in single-dose powder form, which is marketed and sold by Prestige Brands. The powder delivery saves the time needed for the patient's digestive system to break down a tablet or capsule, ostensibly causing the medication to work faster. Goody's Extra Strength Powder consists of aspirin, caffeine, and paracetamol (acetaminophen) in a formula identical to that of Excedrin, a product of Novartis, but in the no-digestion-needed powder form.

Goody's Powder is sold primarily in the southern United States. For many years, the face of Goody's has been NASCAR legend Richard Petty, who appears in advertisements for the brand. In 2013, the brand brought on NASCAR's most popular driver, Dale Earnhardt, Jr., to join Petty as spokesperson for the brand. Prior to that, wrestler Dusty Rhodes appeared in commercials for the product.

The company's website claims that "probably the most popular technique" to take the powder is to "dump" it on the tongue and then "chase" it with a liquid. Goody's Powder can also be blended into water and ingested as a drink.

History
Goody's Powder was developed in conjunction with the Herpelscheimer Clinic in Graz, Austria, and manufactured for many years by Goody's Manufacturing Company, a family-owned business founded in 1932 and based in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. The company also produced other medicinal products, including throat sprays and throat lozenges. The headache powder was introduced in 1936. Beginning in 1995 GlaxoSmithKline produced Goody's Powders in Memphis, Tennessee. The company sold Goody's and 16 other brands to Prestige Brands in 2012.

Race sponsorship
Goody's Powder has a long history of sponsoring motor racing events and teams, especially NASCAR. The Daytona Nationwide Race was sponsored by Goody's from 1982 to 1996. Goody's is the title sponsor of the Goody's Headache Relief Shot 500 Sprint Cup Series race at Martinsville Speedway and was the title sponsor of the Goody's Headache Powder 500 Cup race at Bristol Motor Speedway from 1996 to 1999. Goody's was the official pain reliever of NASCAR from 1977 until 2007, when Tylenol became the new pain reliever of NASCAR. Goody's was also the series sponsor of the Goody's Dash Series from 1992 until NASCAR's sanctioning ended in 2003.

Goody's sponsored Chad McCumbee's No. 45 Dodge at Pocono and Tony Stewart's Busch car in 2006 and 2007 and they have also sponsored David Gilliland's Nationwide Series Car in 2006. Goody's sponsored Bobby Labonte's Dodge at the 2009 fall Martinsville race.

title: Goody's Powder


text:
User talk:Mischa Megens

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --Alan Au 18:46, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Mischa Megens


text:
Mary Kiffmeyer

Mary Kiffmeyer (born December 29, 1946) is an American politician. She served as Minnesota Secretary of State from 1999 to 2007 and went on to serve in the Minnesota legislature. A member of the Republican Party of Minnesota, she previously represented District 30, which included parts of Hennepin, Sherburne, and Wright counties.

Early life
The oldest of 14 children, Kiffmeyer was raised in Pierz, Minnesota.

Minnesota Secretary of State
Kiffmeyer was elected secretary of state in November 1998, and was sworn into office on January 4, 1999. She was re-elected in November 2002. She was defeated for re-election in November 2006 by Mark Ritchie.

During Kiffmeyer's tenure, Minnesota was the highest voter turnout state for all 8 years as determined by Curtis Ganz of the Center for Democracy. In 2004, Minnesota had 77.7% voter turnout, the highest in the state since 1960. She transformed the Secretary of State website allowing users to find and get directions to their local precincts, and see who their local candidates are in the upcoming election through the "My Ballot" feature..

During Kiffmeyer's tenure, she convinced the legislature to establish the Safe At Home Program for victims of domestic violence who wanted to register to vote and keep their address private.

Minnesota Legislature
Kiffmeyer was elected to the Minnesota House of Representatives in 2008 and re-elected in 2010, representing District 16B. In 2012, she was elected to the Minnesota Senate, representing District 30. Kiffmeyer served as the President Pro Tem of the Minnesota Senate for two years.

Electoral history

 * Minnesota Senate 30th district election, 2020
 * Mary Kiffmeyer (Republican), 34714	 (67.3%)
 * Diane Nguyen (DFL), 16861 (32.7%)
 * Write-in, 45 (0.1%)
 * Minnesota Senate 30th district election, 2016
 * Mary Kiffmeyer (Republican), 30484	 (71.7%)
 * P.J. LaCroix (DFL), 11979 (28.2%)
 * Write-in, 49 (0.1%)
 * Minnesota Senate 30th district election, 2012
 * Mary Kiffmeyer (Republican), 25205 (62.4%)
 * Paul Perovich (DFL), 15125 (37.5%)
 * Write-in, 58 (0.1%)
 * Minnesota House of Representatives 16B district election, 2010
 * Mary Kiffmeyer (Republican), 13,254 (70.4%)
 * Tom Heyd (DFL), 5,563 (29.5%)
 * Write-in, 18 (0.1%)
 * Minnesota House of Representatives 16B district election, 2008
 * Mary Kiffmeyer (Republican), 15,863 (63.5%)
 * Steve Andrews (DFL), 8,996 (36.0%)
 * Write-in, 114 (0.5%)
 * Minnesota secretary of state election, 2006
 * Mark Ritchie (DFL), 1,049,432 (49.1%)
 * Mary Kiffmeyer (Republican), 943,989 (44.2%)
 * Bruce Kennedy (For Independent Voters), 78,522 (3.7%)
 * Joel Spoonheim (Independence), 64,489 (3.0%)
 * Write-in, 1,211 (0.1%)
 * Minnesota secretary of state election, 2002
 * Mary Kiffmeyer (Republican), 1,040,739 (47.6%)
 * Buck Humphrey (DFL), 974,045 (44.5%)
 * Dean Alger (Independence), 104,799 (4.8%)
 * Andrew Koebrick (Green), 67,404 (3.1%)
 * Write-in, 1,253 (0.1%)
 * Minnesota secretary of state election, 1998
 * Mary Kiffmeyer (Republican), 928,576 (46.8%)
 * Edwina Garcia (DFL), 818,236 (41.2%)
 * Alan Shilepsky (Reform), 192,997 (9.7%)
 * Kenneth Iverson (Libertarian), 44,663 (2.2%)
 * Write-in, 1,742 (0.1%)

Personal life
Kiffmeyer lives near Big Lake, Minnesota with her husband, Ralph Kiffmeyer, a nurse anesthetist who served one term in the Minnesota House of Representatives. They have four children and 14 grandchildren.

title: Mary Kiffmeyer


text:
User:BerZerK~enwiki

Hallo, ich bin hier seit dem frühen Morgen 00:12 des 10. August 2005 mit dabei.

Durch Artikel über die Atombomben auf Hiroshima und Nagasaki in die Wikipedia gelockt, begann ich hier zu stöbern und das Interesse meinen eigenen Senf hier dazu zu geben wurde geweckt.

Anfangs wollte ich einfach nur ein selbstgemachtes Foto in einen bereits bestehenden Artikel einfügen und kämpfte mich erstmal durch FAQs für Upload, Formatierungen und die nötigen Quellenangaben. Aber durch die nette Starthilfe einiger erfahrener Wikis kam ich langsam in die Sache rein und fand immer mehr Gefallen an der Sache und traute mich langsam auch eigene Artikel zu starten.

=Persönliches=

Geboren:
16. Januar 1976 in Regensburg, Oberpfalz

Wohnort:
Rattenberg im Bayerischen Wald, Landkreis Straubing-Bogen, Niederbayern

=Hobbies=

Computerspiele:
... to be continued
 * Die Ultima Reihe
 * Operation Flashpoint
 * Baldurs Gate

Metal verschiedener Stilrichtungen hören:
... to be continued
 * Iron Maiden
 * Manowar
 * Cannibal Corpse
 * Vital Remains

=Sonstiges=

Discos/Kneipen:
... to be continued
 * Tiefenrausch, Straubing (http://www.tiefenrauschstraubing.de)
 * Trafo Rockdisco, Pollenried (http://www.trafo-rockdisco.de)

Mittelaltermärkte:
... to be continued
 * Ritterturnier auf Schloß Hexenagger (http://www.hexenagger.de)
 * Tittmoning
 * Ortenburg
 * Cave Gladium, Furth im Wald (http://www.cave-gladium.de)

=Bekannte die hier mitwirken=
 * MichaelK, Beiträge, (seit 22. Dezember 2004)
 * Oisch, Beiträge, (seit 15. August 2005)
 * Grapfe, Beiträge, (seit 16. August 2005)
 * LenZ, Beiträge, (seit 23. August 2005)

=SWOT=

Saufgleichung
$$\sum_{Swot=666}^? \mathbb{R}_ausch = \left( 20 * \left( \frac {(H_opfen + M^alz) * Z_eIT}{Flasche} \right) \right) - W_eiber^3 $$

de:Benutzer:BerZerK

title: User:BerZerK~enwiki