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St. Berchmans College

St. Berchmans College, Changanassery (Autonomous), also known as SB College, is one of the first Autonomous Colleges in Kerala, India. Established in 1922, the college is considered to be one of the oldest and prestigious institutions in India. The University Grants Commission (UGC) identified the College under its “College with Potential for Excellence” scheme. UGC and the Government of Kerala granted autonomy to the college on June 13, 2014. The college celebrated its centenary in the academic year of 2022.

Saint John Berchmans is the patron saint of the college and is venerated in the Church as the Patron of Students. It is situated in the town of Changanassery 18 kilometers south of Kottayam. Established in 1922, It has 19 postgraduate and 8 research departments and it offers 17 UG, 21 PG, 3 MPhil, and 9 doctoral programmes. Students and alumni of the college are referred to as ‘Berchmanites’. It is run by the Catholic Archdiocese of Changanassery, is affiliated to the Mahatma Gandhi University in Kottayam and is recognized by the University Grants Commission (UGC).

History
St Berchmans College is a higher education institution under the Archeparchy of Changanacherry. The College was founded in 1922 by Venerable Mar Thomas Kurialacherry, Bishop of Changanassery diocese.The college campus was first built on the premises of St Marys Church, Parel under the University of Madras. Later, in 1925, it was transferred to its present site as a three storied building, today named Kurialacherry Block. In 1937, it is assumed that the famous tower block of the college was completed.

In 1925, the College authorities decided to install the statue of Christ the King, brought from Spain, on the top of the tower. The college chapel, built in 1940, was named Christ King's Chapel, after the installation of the statue.

The College was first accredited with ‘Five Star’ in 1999 and reaccredited with ‘A+’ in 2006. In the third cycle of accreditation in 2012, the college was again graded at A. In 2017, the college was again reaccredited with ‘A’ grade. The University Grants Commission (UGC) and the Government of Kerala granted autonomy to this college in the year 2014. In 1996 and 1997, it won the “R Shankar Award” for the Best College in the State, instituted by the Government of Kerala. In 2004, the UGC identified the College under its “College with Potential for Excellence” scheme. The National Commission for Minority Educational Institution, New Delhi has granted minority status to the college in 2010. All the Science Departments are supported by the FIST of DST, Government of India. It has been ranked among the top 100 Indian colleges by the National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF), MHRD, Government of India since 2018

College crest
The college crest features a Greek Cross dividing four quarters. The Dove symbolizes the Holy Spirit, the Fleurdelis represents purity, and the coconut trees signify Kerala. Waves depict the College's location, and the open book on the Greek Cross symbolizes wisdom. The Latin motto "Caritas Vera Nobilitas" and its Sanskrit equivalent "सैभ्रात्रं हि कूलीनता (saibhrātram hi kūlīnatā)" is inscribed below the shield.

Rankings
The college was ranked 54 in All India ranking by NIRF (National Institutional Ranking Framework) in 2023.'

Programmes
The college provides 17 UG, 21 PG, and 9 doctoral programmes.

Undergraduate
Aided Programs

English Model 1, English Model 2 Vocational Journalism, Malayalam, Economics, Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Botany, Zoology, Psychology, Commerce FT+ ACCA/CMA

Self-Financing Programs

BSc Biotechnology and Botany, BSc Zoology and Industrial Microbiology, BCA, Commerce FT+ACCA/CMA, BCOM CA+ACCA/CMA, Bvoc Renewable Energy Management.

Postgraduate
Aided Programs

English, Malayalam, Economics, Botany, Zoology, Mathematics, Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Polymer Chemistry, Physics, Physics NRE(New and Renewable Energy Management), MCom Finance, MSW, MBA

Self-Financing Programs

MSc Computer Science, Biochemistry, Microbiology, Library and Information Science, Mcom Finance, MBA

Facilities

 * SB Central Library
 * Hostel
 * Career Orientation Centre
 * Mar Charles Lavigne Indoor Stadium
 * Berchnet
 * Common Instrumentation Facility
 * Auditorium and Conference Halls
 * Herbarium
 * Botanical Garden
 * Ulahannan Mapilla Centre for Oriental Studies
 * Mary Anne John Stuttgen Library
 * Play Grounds
 * Language Lab
 * Staff Co-operative Society
 * SB Book House
 * Berchmans TV
 * Canteen and Cafeteria
 * Research Block
 * Berchmans IT Division
 * Computer Lab
 * Christ the King’s Chapel
 * Zoological Museum

Hostels

 * St. Joseph’s Hostel (UG)
 * St. Thomas Hostel (UG)
 * St Berchmans Hostel (UG)
 * Sahrudaya Hostel (PG)
 * St Thomas Moore Hostel (MBA)
 * Pope John Paul II Hostel (Sports Hostel)
 * St Mary’s Hostel (Women's Hostel)

Over 800 hostellers were residing inside the campus. In the early stages of this college, this college was an important institution in Kerala which has boarding facilities for students. Hence hostels play an important part in the phase of this college.

Academics and extra-curricular activities
Research areas in science include Material science, Nanotechnology, Polymer Chemistry, Plant Taxonomy and Environmental Sciences. The college conducted an international conference on Science and Technology for Sustainable Development participated in by delegates from 26 countries in 2005. Apart from academics, the college has two units of National Service Scheme(NSS) in which 200 volunteers can be enrolled. NSS gives various avenues for its volunteers to engage in various campus and community activities.

The popular extra-curricular societies and clubs engage in activities concerned with debating, drama, film club, social service, photography, Jesus Youth, National Cadet Corps, Mock United Nations (MUN), etc.

It is the only college in India, apart from St. Stephen's College, New Delhi, to have a full-fledged Shakespearean Theatre. Shakespearean plays have been regularly staged since 1938. The hall was named Archbishop Kavukatt Hall. This hall underwent major renovations which works started in 2020 and completed in 2023. The hall re-opened after the complete renovation on March 8, 2023.

BELS (Berchmans Erudite Lecture Series)

The college brings Nobel Laureates and other scholars such as Ei-ichi Negishi (Nobel Laureate in Chemistry 2010) in 2016, Ada E Yonath (Nobel Laureate in Chemistry, 2009) in 2019, Sir Anthony James Leggett (Nobel Laureate in Physics 2003) in 2020 and Martin Chalfie (Nobel Laureate in Chemistry 2008) in 2021.

Berchmans Institute of Management Studies (BIMS)
Berchmans Institute of Management Studies (BIMS) established in 1995, is under the management of St. Berchmans College affiliated to Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam. It is a full-time Master of Business Administration programme. Berchmans Institute of Management Studies is recognized by All India Council for Technical Education, New Delhi.

Notable alumni

 * Kuzhikalail M. Abraham - Scientist, Professor, and expert on lithium-ion batteries
 * George Alencherry - Major Arch Bishop of Syro Malabar Catholic Church
 * Justice A. M. Babu, Former judge of Kerala High Court
 * Kunchacko Boban - film actor
 * C. V. Ananda Bose - IAS
 * Dr. Jitheshji - World's Fastest Cartoonist
 * P. T. Chacko - former Home Minister of Kerala
 * Bipin Chandran - scriptwriter
 * K.M. Chandy - former Governor(MP, Gujarat & pondicherry)
 * Oommen Chandy - former Chief Minister of Kerala
 * Dr. B. Ekbal - Planning Board member, former Kerala University V.C
 * V. J. James - writer
 * Cyriac Joseph - retired Supreme Court Justice
 * George Joseph - Scientist
 * Jeethu Joseph - film director
 * P. J. Joseph - former Education Minister, MLA
 * Mathew Kavukattu - Servant of God Mar
 * Manoj Kuroor - writer
 * Sibi Malayil - film director
 * Tony Mathew -, orator, writer
 * N. Sreekantan Nair - former MP for Kollam Constituency
 * Vishnunarayanan Namboothiri, poet, writer
 * Raju Narayanaswamy IAS - Addl. Secretary, Govt. of Kerala
 * Prem Nazir - film actor
 * George Onakkoor
 * P. K. Narayana Panicker - former NSS General Secretary
 * P. Parameswaran (AKA Parameshwarji ) - Director of Bharatiya Vichara Kendra, Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) ideologue, Padmavibhooshan Awardee
 * Martin Prakkat - film director
 * Dr. M. V. Pylee - Indian Scholar, Padmabhushan Awardee, Former Vice Chancellor - Cochin University of Science and Technology
 * A. A. Rahim - Indian Politician, Freedom Fighter and Union Minister
 * Justice C. T. Ravikumar Judge Supreme Court of India
 * John Sankaramangalam - filmmaker and former director of the FTII, Pune
 * M. G. Soman - film actor
 * P. C. Thomas - former Central Minister
 * Santosh Thundiyil - cinematographer

title: St. Berchmans College


text:
User:POds/list of official rugby league organisations

This is a list of links to organisations responsible for the governing of the sport or the governing of a competition of rugby league.

Africa

 * South African Rugby League

Americas

 * American National Rugby League
 * West Coast American National Rugby League
 * West Indies Rugby League Federation

Australia

 * Australian Rugby League
 * National Rugby League
 * New South Wales Rugby League
 * Northern Territory Rugby League
 * Queensland Rugby League
 * South Australian Rugby League
 * Victorian Rugby League
 * Western Australia Rugby League

New Zealand

 * New Zealand Rugby League
 * Aotearoa Maori Rugby League

Pacific Islands

 * Tonga Rugby League
 * Fiji Rugby League

Other

 * Japan Rugby League
 * Singapore Rugby League

Europe

 * Rugby League European Federation

United Kingdom

 * Rugby Football League
 * Rugby Super League
 * Scotland Rugby League
 * Wales Rugby League

Other

 * Deutsches Rugby League (Germany)
 * France Rugby XIII
 * Greece Rugby League
 * Italy Rugby League
 * Malta Rugby League
 * Rugby League Ireland
 * Russian Rugby League
 * Serbian Rugby League

Middle East

 * Lebanon

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text: Category:Oklahoma City

title: Category:Oklahoma City


text:
Talk:Dax (Star Trek: Deep Space Nine episode)

Untitled
alternate pic for this ep: Image:1x08.jpg

Anne Haney also played the judge in an episode of Northern Exposure, which aired two months prior. In the episode Chris Stevens faces an extradition hearing and his lawyer, somewhat similarly, claims he has become "a different person" so can't be extradited for that Stevens's crimes. Although in the NE ep it's more he's "different" due to personal growth and life transformation. It's a neat coincidence, but I'm not sure if this is worth mentioning in the article or how I'd do so.--T. Anthony (talk) 16:05, 1 July 2008 (UTC)
 * I'd suggest her recurring role as a judge on L.A. Law for eight seasons had more to do with her being cast as a judge on Deep Space Nine casting her as a judge again,. She was on TNG before too. The difficult part is finding a reliable source that mentions it. (I had hoped StarTrek.com might have something but no mention of her that I can find.)
 * It would be nice if this article had any picture at all. If someone is willing to dive into the convoluted process of using a non-free image in Wikipedia then TrekCore has a gallery full of screencaps for the episode "Dax". As the episode is a courtroom drama an image showing a group of characters in front of the judge might be a good representative scene, or perhaps Sisko advocating on her behalf while Dax looks serious. But really the episode is named after the character Dax so any image of her would be better than nothing (I'd even suggest reusing the image File:JadziaDax.jpg but she's wearing the later type of starfleet uniform and badge so it is definitely not from this episode). -- 109.78.208.59 (talk) 01:53, 28 October 2021 (UTC)
 * The AV Club review: "The hearing judge was played by Anne Haney, who always seemed to get these types of roles."
 * Close but not close enough. -- 109.77.207.153 (talk) 04:37, 28 October 2021 (UTC)

Requested move 22 March 2020

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: Moved. The support outweighs the opposition, though they do raise good arguments.  Anarchyte ( talk  |  work )  12:09, 6 April 2020 (UTC)

Dax (Star Trek: Deep Space Nine) → Dax (Star Trek: Deep Space Nine episode) – WP:PRECISION and Talk:Rose (Doctor Who episode), and consistency with comparable articles like Cardassians (Star Trek: Deep Space Nine episode). Moreover, Jadzia Dax is almost certainly the primary topic of the current title (Ezri Dax is far more likely to be referred to as "Ezri", but Jadzia Dax is often just called "Dax", meaning that a disambig headnote would be insufficient. Hijiri 88 ( 聖やや ) 09:22, 22 March 2020 (UTC) (Edited 12:15, 23 March 2020 (UTC) due to technical request being transformed into an RM.)
 * This is a contested technical request. Anthony Appleyard (talk) 23:01, 22 March 2020 (UTC)

 * queried move request Anthony Appleyard (talk) 23:02, 22 March 2020 (UTC)
 * This was moved from the longer title with the edit summary "Renaming per WP:TREK guidelines", and the move would make the title inconsistent with all other Star Trek: Deep Space Nine episodes, so cannot be considered an uncontroversial request. Station1 (talk) 20:13, 22 March 2020 (UTC)
 * WP:TREK (or perhaps your interpretation thereof -- I haven't checked) appears to be at odds with our standard naming conventions, to the point that I was not even aware of it. Moreover, if this move "would make the title inconsistent with all other Star Trek: Deep Space Nine episodes" then those other pages should also be moved, since we don't use parentheses for partial disambiguation. Anyway, which other articles are you talking about? Cardassians (Star Trek: Deep Space Nine episode) currently conforms with the proposed title, and I couldn't find another comparable case despite going through our list: we don't, for example, have an article on the starship that Valiant (Star Trek: Deep Space Nine) needs to be disambiguated from. Hijiri 88 ( 聖やや ) 12:15, 23 March 2020 (UTC)
 * The comment above was not placed by me on this page and was not an answer to the RM as written above, which has been edited. My comment was moved here from WP:RM/TR, where it was a response to your request for an uncontroversial move. I have no interpretation of WP:TREK and was simply pointing out that move did not qualify as uncontroversial. Station1 (talk) 22:57, 23 March 2020 (UTC)
 * Oh, I know -- that's why I modified my signature so as not to undermine you. But as for the substance, everything you said seems to support the idea that this is an uncontroversial technical request to bring this page more in-line with our conventional guidelines and the titles of other, similar, articles. Hijiri 88 ( 聖やや ) 05:32, 24 March 2020 (UTC)
 * It's not uncontroversial, especially as originally written, since it already attracted one oppose comment in addition to the original move, and the recent RM you cite at Rose (Doctor Who) was itself controversial, with very strong oppose comments. As to substance, since you ask, personally I think it makes virtually no difference. No one is getting lost or confused,|Dax_(Star_Trek)|Dax_(Star_Trek:_Deep_Space_Nine)|Jadzia_Dax|Ezri_Dax so I don't see a point to a move, but it won't hurt anything either. Anyone looking for Dax without knowing exactly what they're looking for already winds up on the dab page, and this won't change anything. Technically, the proposal does go against policy at WP:CONCISE (it's longer) and WP:CONSISTENT, since it would be different from ~100 other articles that all use "(Star Trek: Deep Space Nine)" as their qualifiers in line with the recommendation at WP:TREK. It's not like there's an article titled Dax (Star Trek: Deep Space Nine character) that this needs to be disambiguated from. Station1 (talk) 06:23, 24 March 2020 (UTC)
 * It's not uncontroversial, especially as originally written, since it already attracted one oppose comment in addition to the original move The original move doesn't count, since I had no reason to know it had taken place. The current title looks like it was carelessly and mechanically given because most one-word Star Trek episode titles need to be distinguished from real-world concepts but not from other articles on Star Trek-related topics. Actually it doesn't just look like that -- it clearly is that. Moreover, it can't be counted now since the editor who made it has long-since been de facto site-banned. the recent RM you cite at Rose (Doctor Who) was itself controversial, with very strong oppose comments It's not entirely clear what you are talking about here: I was citing it not to show that "no one disliked this move", but rather to show that in a near-identical situation it was decided that the policy supported a title corresponding to the proposed one over the current one. No one is getting lost or confused,That's a very questionable reading of that data -- I would read it as saying that this topic clearly is not'' the PRIMARYTOPIC of the current title, and so more precision is needed. Anyone looking for Dax without knowing exactly what they're looking for already winds up on the dab page, and this won't change anything. I was actually not aware of the extremely poorly-titled [[Dax (Star Trek)] until now, but I think that article should also be renamed, or possibly merged -- I can't recall ever hearing of this character being mentioned in any property other than DS9. At present, readers looking for an article on Jadzia Dax (the primary topic of both the titles Dax (Star Trek: Deep Space Nine) and Dax (Star Trek)) and searching for "Dax" are shown links to articles with both those titles, one of which is on an episode and the other of which is actually just another, less helpful, disambiguation page that is padded out with a lot of plot summary minutiae. the proposal does go against policy at WP:CONCISE (it's longer) It's more precise. Giving articles ambiguous titles just because they're shorter, forcing other pages to be artificially disambiguated by other means like adding first, last, or middle names, nicknames, patronymics, etc. to fictional characters who are usually referred to in the real world by one name (like Rose, and probably like Jadzia for the first six years of DS9's run), is very much against the spirit of WP:CONCISE. and WP:CONSISTENT, since it would be different from ~100 other articles that all use "(Star Trek: Deep Space Nine)" as their qualifiers in line with the recommendation at WP:TREK. Please actually read my comments rather than talking past me over and over again. The only comparable title is Cardassians (Star Trek: Deep Space Nine episode) -- every other episode either only needs to be distinguished from non-DS9 topics (i.e., the disambiguator "(Star Trek: Deep Space Nine)" is contextually appropriate and sufficient -- Past Tense (Star Trek: Deep Space Nine), etc.) or has a title that refers to an in-universe topic we may or may not have another article on but that would never be used to refer to the other topic as opposed to episode (i.e., no disambiguator is needed -- The Magnificent Ferengi, etc.). CONSISTENT is actually in favour of moving the page, as was already pointed out to you. It's not like there's an article titled Dax (Star Trek: Deep Space Nine character) that this needs to be disambiguated from. Yeah, there isn't an article with that title -- we currently have three articles that could theoretically be given that title, and this article of course needs to be disambiguated from them. Hijiri 88 ( 聖やや ) 13:59, 25 March 2020 (UTC)
 * In my opinion, it's always good practice to check the move history and talk page of an article before requesting or carrying out an uncontroversial move. I also think the discussion at Rose was not uncontroversial, despite the outcome, which I nevertheless respect. The original move was hardly careless, given the edit summary, even if one disagrees with it. Article titles that are not in conflict do not need disambiguation; that can be handled by hatnotes. And the Cardassians example was a recent unnecessary bold move that can be reverted if this proposal is not agreed to. Station1 (talk) 19:46, 25 March 2020 (UTC)
 * I also think the discussion at Rose was not uncontroversial Again I will ask you to stop talking past me. I didn't make an uncontroversial technical move request on the Rose article: I opened an RM and, over two years later, cited its close rationale as a reason why this current move should be uncontroversial. The original move was hardly careless, given the edit summary, even if one disagrees with it. I would call mechanically moving a page from an unambiguous title to an ambiguous one, based on an idiosyncratic interpretation of a style guideline that is at odds with several of our common practices, careless. If the edit summary had cited, for example, PRECISE, and clarified why it should not apply here, then we could say that the edit summary proves it was not careless irrespective of whether one agrees with it. the Cardassians example was a recent unnecessary bold move I would argue that it is very necessary. Wikipedia does not use parenthetical disambiguators that do not fully disambiguate their titles. This is not my opinion -- it was the unanimous decision of those opposing me in an RM at Talk:The Avengers (2012 film) back in 2013, which I subsequently adopted as word-of-god policy, since it seems that all articles throughout the encyclopedia, with the sole exception of a small minority of articles on TV episodes (basically the ones where we have two or more articles that could conceivably be titled "Topic Name (Title of TV Show)"). Hijiri 88 ( 聖やや ) 03:28, 26 March 2020 (UTC)
 * I apologize if it seems I'm talking past you. That's not my intent. Re Rose, my point was that if some editors opposed the Rose move, that would indicate that some editors might oppose this move, making it not uncontroversial. Re The Avengers, I think you were right. |The_Avengers_(1998_film)|The_Avengers_(film_series)|The_Avengers_(film_project)|The_Avengers_(1950_film)|The_Avengers_(1942_film)|The_Avengers_(TV_series)|The_Avengers_(comic_book) Pageviews indicate that The Avengers (2012 film) is indeed the overwhelming WP:primary topic among films titled The Avengers, if not the primary topic for all topics with that title. Those kind of titles definitely are allowed; in fact, there was a RfC within the past few months that specifically upheld those types of titles. If you nominate it again for primary topic, I will support that move. Station1 (talk) 07:47, 26 March 2020 (UTC)

 * Oppose - I think in this case, a simple hatnote pointing to Dax (Star Trek) would be the better solution. -- Netoholic @ 08:16, 23 March 2020 (UTC)
 * Support - The above proposal is supported by multiple discussions, including the above mentioned and Killer Frost (The Flash episode) and Peter (Fringe episode) and Olivia (Fringe episode) move discussions. It is also clearly follows WP:NCTV, which says: Where the title is the same as an episode, character, or other element from the show which has its own page, disambiguate further using Title (Show episode/character/element) - in this situation this is a clear implementation of the guideline, it's not even a redirect title. No reason to ignore a community guideline.--Gonnym (talk) 08:56, 23 March 2020 (UTC)
 * Support to differentiate the episode from the character. J I P  | Talk 11:01, 23 March 2020 (UTC)
 * Support, as per JIP and Gonnym. --IJBall (contribs • talk) 12:45, 23 March 2020 (UTC)
 * Support per the above. It seem like a common sense deduction that the title without "episode" would be assumed to be about the character. BD2412  T 16:56, 30 March 2020 (UTC)
 * Support to avoid confusion with the Dax symbiont which has its own article.--69.157.252.96 (talk) 06:07, 31 March 2020 (UTC)
 * Support. The extra disambiguation is needed to avoid confusion with the character. Rreagan007 (talk) 05:15, 6 April 2020 (UTC)

 * The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

Book references
Please note that an editor removed some book references from this article. I don't care about reference style, I was only making a good faith effort to follow the style of referencing already seen in other Trek episode articles like Past Prologue (and to a lesser extent articles with even more complicated reference formatting like Favorite Son (Star Trek: Voyager)). The reference to the book The Nitpickers Guide was added in 2007, and seems to have been a general reference for the episode as a whole, not a specific reference for any particular detail. I added the reference to Deep Space Nine Companion (Erdmann) specifically to support details in the Production section. -- 109.79.178.97 (talk) 23:24, 8 November 2021 (UTC)
 * IP 109.79.178.97 is forum shopping because they are not willing to accept Wikipedia's manual of style, specifically regarding citations and references. See other discussions with this IP here (which they deleted apparently without reading), here, and here. Sundayclose (talk) 02:11, 9 November 2021 (UTC)


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Sherman Jackson

Sherman A. Jackson, also known as Abdul Hakim Jackson (born 1956) is an American scholar of Islam.

Career
Jackson is the King Faisal Chair of Islamic Thought and Culture and Professor of Religion and American Studies and Ethnicity at the University of Southern California. Jackson was formerly the Arthur F. Thurnau Professor of Near Eastern Studies, visiting professor of law and professor of Afro-American Studies at the University of Michigan.

Jackson received his Ph.D. from the University of Pennsylvania and has taught at the University of Texas at Austin, Indiana University, Wayne State University and the University of Michigan. From 1987 to 1989, he served as executive director of the Center of Arabic Study Abroad in Cairo, Egypt. He is author of several books, including Islamic Law and the State: The Constitutional Jurisprudence of Shihâb al-Dîn al-Qarâfî (E.J. Brill, 1996), On the Boundaries of Theological Tolerance in Islam: Abû Hâmid al-Ghazâlî's Faysal al-Tafriqa (Oxford, 2002), Islam and the Blackamerican: Looking Towards the Third Resurrection (Oxford, 2005) and Islam and the Problem of Black Suffering (Oxford, 2009).

Jackson has been featured on the Washington Post-Newsweek blog, "On Faith," as well as the Huffington Post. In 2009 and 2012,

Works

 * On the Boundaries of Theological Tolerance in Islam: Abû Hâmid al-Ghazâlî’s Faysal al-Tafriqa, Oxford University Press, 2002, ISBN 978-0-19-579791-6
 * Sufism for Non-Sufis? Ibn Ata' Allah's Tâj al-'Arûs. Oxford University Press. 2012. ISBN 978-0199873678.
 * Initiative to Stop the Violence: Sadat's Assassins and the Renunciation of Political Violence. Yale University Press. 2015. ISBN 978-0300196771.
 * The Islamic Secular. Oxford University Press. 2023. ISBN 9780197661789.
 * Sufism for Non-Sufis? Ibn Ata' Allah's Tâj al-'Arûs. Oxford University Press. 2012. ISBN 978-0199873678.
 * Initiative to Stop the Violence: Sadat's Assassins and the Renunciation of Political Violence. Yale University Press. 2015. ISBN 978-0300196771.
 * The Islamic Secular. Oxford University Press. 2023. ISBN 9780197661789.

title: Sherman Jackson


text:
Norfolk House

Norfolk House was the London residence of the Dukes of Norfolk, and as such more than one building has been given this name. The first was opposite Lambeth Palace, set in acres of garden and orchards on a site occupying what is now the Novotel London Waterloo on Lambeth Road (the remains of the Howard family vault and chapel still being visible in the former parish church of St Mary-at-Lambeth).

The later Norfolk House at 31 St James's Square, Westminster, was built between 1748 and 1752 as the London townhouse of Edward Howard, 9th Duke of Norfolk (1686–1777), to the design of Matthew Brettingham (1699–1769), "the Elder". This building was demolished in 1938. The duke's country house and main seat was Worksop Manor in Nottinghamshire. Norfolk House was built on a site formerly occupied by two houses, namely St Albans House, the residence of the Earl of St Albans (purchased by Thomas Howard, 8th Duke of Norfolk in 1722), and the other the residence of John Belasyse, 1st Baron Belasyse (1614–1689) (purchased by the 9th Duke of Norfolk in 1748). Both these houses were demolished in 1748 by the 9th Duke of Norfolk in preparation for his new house.

St Albans House
St Albans House was a royal residence for a short time, after the 9th Duke of Norfolk offered it to Frederick, Prince of Wales, following his marriage in 1736 to Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha. The couple lived there 1737–1741, and their son King George III was born in the house. The family moved to Leicester House in 1742, which remained the prince's home until his death nine years later, and that of his widow until her death in 1772.

Norfolk House
Norfolk House remained in the ownership of the Dukes of Norfolk until 1938 when it was pulled down and replaced by an office building. During the Second World War this building served as offices for senior officers from a variety of Allied armed forces, including the Canadian 1st Army and the Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force under General Dwight D. Eisenhower. Two plaques on the exterior of the building commemorate the role of the building in the War. The 1930s building was fully refitted in the years before 2019. The office space became obsolete for modern requirements and in 2019 plans were submitted to demolish it and rebuild at a cost of £60 million in line with modern requirements.

Music Room
Parts of the interior of the eighteenth-century house survive, having been removed before demolition, including the Music Room, designed by Giovanni Battista Borra for the ninth Duke's wife Mary Blount, now displayed in the Victoria and Albert Museum, restored and redecorated to its original scheme of brilliant white paintwork with gilt, carved woodwork.

title: Norfolk House


text:
Snake charming

Snake charming is the practice of appearing to hypnotize a snake (often a cobra) by playing and waving around an instrument called a pungi. A typical performance may also include handling the snakes or performing other seemingly dangerous acts, as well as other street performance staples, like juggling and sleight of hand. The practice was historically the profession of some tribesmen in India well into the 20th century but snake charming declined rapidly after the government banned the practice in 1972. Snake-charmer performances still happen in other Asian nations such as Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Malaysia. The tradition is also practiced in North African countries of Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia.

Ancient Egypt was home to one form of snake charming, though the practice as it exists today likely arose in India. It eventually spread throughout South Asia, Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and North Africa. Despite a sort of golden age in the 20th century, snake charming is today dying out. This is due to a variety of factors, chief among them is the enforcement of the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 in India banning ownership of snakes. In retaliation, snake charmers have organized in recent years, protesting the loss of their only means of livelihood, and the government has made some overtures to them. Snake charming is almost extinct in India.

Many snake charmers live a wandering existence, visiting towns and villages on market days and during festivals. During a performance, snake charmers may take a number of precautions. The charmer typically sits out of biting range and the snake is usually sluggish due to starvation or dehydration and reluctant to attack anyway. More drastic means of protection include removing the reptile's fangs or venom glands, drugging the snake, or even sewing the snake's mouth shut. The most popular species are those native to the snake charmer's home region, typically various kinds of cobras, though vipers and other types are also used.

Although snakes are able to sense sound, they lack the outer ear that would enable them to hear the music. They follow the movement of the charmer and the pungi that the charmer holds with his hands. The snake considers the person and pungi a threat and responds to it as if it were a predator.

History
The earliest evidence for snake charming comes from ancient Egyptian sources. Charmers there mainly acted as magicians and healers. Part of their studies involved learning the various types of snake, the gods to whom they were sacred, and how to treat those who were bitten by the reptiles. Entertainment was also part of their repertoire, and they knew how to handle the animals and charm them for their patrons.

One of the earliest records of snake charming appears in the Bible in Psalm 58:3–5: "The wicked turn aside from birth; liars go astray as soon as they are born. Their venom is like that of a snake, like a deaf serpent that does not hear, that does not respond to the magicians, or to a skilled snake-charmer."

Snake charming as it exists today probably originated in India. Hinduism has long held serpents to be sacred; the animals are believed to be related to the Nagas, and many gods are pictured under the protection of the cobra.

The earliest snake charmers may have been traditional healers by trade. As part of their training, they learned to treat snake bites. Some also learned how to handle snakes, and people called on them to remove snakes from their homes. Baba Gulabgir (or Gulabgarnath) became their guru since his legend states that he taught people to revere the reptiles and not fear them. The practice eventually spread to nearby regions, ultimately reaching North Africa, South Asia and Southeast Asia.

The early 20th century proved something of a golden age for snake charmers. Governments promoted the practice to draw tourism, and snake charmers were often sent overseas to perform at cultural festivals and for private patrons. In addition, the charmers provided a valuable source of snake venom for creating antivenins.

The practice is no longer legal in India following changes to the Wildlife Protection Act. The law was originally passed in 1972, and aimed at preventing the export of snakeskins, introducing a seven-year prison term for owning or selling snakes. Beginning in the late 1990s, however, the law was also applied to the snake charmers. As a result, Indian charmers were forced to move their performances to less-travelled areas such as small villages or face legal action.

In 2003, hundreds of snake charmers gathered at the temple of Charkhi Dadri in Haryana to bring international attention to their plight. In December of the following year, a group of snake charmers stormed the legislature of the Indian state of Odisha with their demands while brandishing their animals. The Indian government and various animal-rights groups have acknowledged the problem. One suggested solution is to train the performers to be snake handlers, capturing and removing venomous snakes from city and suburban gardens. In return, they could sell their traditional medicines as souvenirs. Another proposal would try to focus attention on the snake charmers' music and treat them like other street musicians.

Performance

Snake charmers typically walk the streets holding their serpents in baskets or pots hanging from a bamboo pole slung over the shoulder. Charmers cover these containers with cloths between performances. Dress in India, Pakistan and neighbouring countries is generally the same: long hair, a white turban, earrings, and necklaces of shells or beads. Once the performer finds a satisfactory location to set up, he sets his pots and baskets about him (often with the help of a team of assistants who may be his apprentices) and sits cross-legged on the ground in front of a closed pot or basket. He removes the lid, then begins playing a flute-like instrument made from a gourd, known as a been or pungi. As if drawn by the tune, a snake eventually emerges from the container; if a cobra, it may even extend its hood.

In the Western world snake charming is very different. Western-style snake charmers use pythons and boa constrictors for their performances as they are not venomous. Western-style snake charmers do not use a musical instrument; instead they perform dance routines involving the snakes. These performances may be seen at carnivals, menageries, sideshows, and circuses.

Snakes
Traditionally, snake charmers use snakes that they have captured themselves in the wild. This task is not too difficult, as most South Asian and North African snakes tend to be slow movers.

The exact species of serpents used varies by region. In India, the Indian cobra is preferred, though some charmers may also use Russell's vipers. Indian and Burmese pythons, and even mangrove snakes are also encountered, though they are not as popular. In North Africa, the Egyptian cobra, puff adder, carpet viper and horned desert viper are commonly featured in performances. In the UK, US and Europe pythons and boa constrictors are used to comply with Animal Handling and Animal Welfare Regulations.

Safety measures
At home, snake charmers keep their animals in containers such as baskets, boxes, pots, or sacks.

For safety, some North African snake charmers stitch closed the mouth of their performing snakes, leaving just enough opening for the animal to be able to move its tongue in and out. Members of the audience in that region believe that the snake's ability to deliver venomous bites comes from its tongue, rather than fangs. Snakes subjected to this practice soon die of starvation or mouth infection, and must be replaced by freshly caught specimens. Similar methods are used in India, where snakes are defanged and have their venom glands incapacitated. They are then also kept in boxes or bags for 30–45 days and dehydrated so that their muscles cramp (making them sluggish) and so that they will drink the milk offered by devotees at festivals (the milk is undigestible to the snake).

Methods of dealing with the fangs include expert surgical removal of both the fangs and replacement fangs, which has been done by some Native American and African snake charmers. Barring extraordinary measures, pulled fangs are replaced within days. Fangs may also be plugged with wax or other material.

In West Africa, charmers have been observed to treat the snake's body and mouth with herbs that paralyze the jaw muscles and cause inflammation of the venom glands.

Members of the Pakkoku clan of Burma tattoo themselves with ink mixed with cobra venom on their upper body in a weekly inoculation which may protect them from the snake, though there is no scientific evidence of that.

Lifestyle
Snake charming is typically an inherited profession. Most would-be charmers thus begin learning the practice at a young age from their fathers. Members of the Sapera or Sapuakela castes, snake charmers have little other choice of profession. In fact, entire settlements of snake charmers and their families exist in some parts of India and neighbouring countries. In Bangladesh, snake charmers are typically members of the nomadic ethnic group Bede. They tend to live by rivers and use them to boat to different towns on market days and during festivals.

North African charmers usually set up in open-air markets and souks for their performances. In coastal resort towns and near major tourist destinations one can see snake charmers catering to the tourist market, but in most of the region they perform for the local audiences; an important part of their income comes from selling pamphlets containing various magic spells (in particular, of course, against snake bites).

In previous eras, snake charming was often the charmer's only source of income. This is less true today, as many charmers also scavenge, scrounge, sell items such as amulets and jewelry, or perform at private parties to make ends meet. Snake charmers are often regarded as traditional healers and magicians, as well, especially in rural areas. These charmers concoct and sell all manner of potions and unguents that purportedly do anything from curing the common cold to raising the dead. Villagers and city dwellers alike often call on them to rid of snakes in houses.

title: Snake charming


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File:Goin-back-indiana.jpg

Summary
Goin' Back to Indiana by The Jackson 5

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Harch

"Harch" is the command issued by the Drum Major of a marching band, or by a Sergeant in charge of assembled troops, to move forwards upon the left foot. The command most commonly issued is "For'd, Harch" meaning for the entire group to move forwards as one body. "For'd" is the attention-getting and directive part of the command; "Harch" is the executive part of the command. The term "harch", rather than "march" is used, as the latter term may easily be scattered by noise. For similar reasons, the contraction "for'd" is (preferably) used rather than "forward." Also, the term march may be confused with a number of other commands that include this word, e.g., "To the Right Flank, Harch."

title: Harch


text: User talk:130.70.147.158

title: User talk:130.70.147.158


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Talk:John Wroe

Untitled
this information is not in breach of copyright as the poster holds permission to use this information,

Please post evidence of the permission, and that the copyright owner agrees that the information can be released to GFDL. Zoe 05:10, August 20, 2005 (UTC)

I am an adminstrator of the website and have permission. I do not know how I can prove this to you. My email address is sarah.gray@cichurch.asn.au and the website address is www.cichurch.asn.au -as you can see we are at the same host = cichurch.asn.au ///

you might notice that the page has not identified copyright holder other than the Christian Israelite Church

Can you put something on the Home page of the website indicating that you are aware of this discussion? Zoe 05:52, August 20, 2005 (UTC)

there you go - www.cichurch.asn.au

Thank you, I'll revert the copyvio boilerplate. Zoe 05:58, August 20, 2005 (UTC)

This article seems very one-sided. Articles about John Wroe indicate he may have been a con artist who used his religious influence for personal gain, for example, demanding "Seven Virgins" from congregations. John Wroe and the Christian Israelites

NPOV
I have attempted to make this entry neutral. Much needs adding, however, especially Wroe's founding of the church, his teachings and his fall from grace.--Cunningham 14:09, 2 June 2007 (UTC)

Book by Jane Rogers
The internet has examples of the title both with and without the full stop after Mr. It's not clear which is correct. Martinevans123 (talk) 11:05, 31 March 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:John Wroe


text: User talk:62.163.46.157

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Nether Lypiatt Manor

Nether Lypiatt Manor is a compact, neo-Classical manor house in the mainly rural parish of Thrupp, near Stroud in Gloucestershire, England. It was formerly the country home of Prince and Princess Michael of Kent and is a Grade I listed building.

Description
Built in the early 1700s by an unknown architect for Judge Charles Coxe, with one wing added in 1931 by Morley Horder, the small house forms a perfect square of 46 ft on each side, with sash windows, tall chimneys, hipped roofs and gate piers and railings. The attic storey with dormers was removed in 1844, but replaced by Horder c. 1923. It has been praised by architectural historian Mark Girouard as perfectly exemplifying the early 18th-century formal house in miniature. The house, in 35 acres of grounds, has four reception rooms, eight bedrooms, and four bathrooms. It comprises four floors, including a tall basement and an attic floor. Inside, much of the early 18th-century panelling survives, as do original stone fireplaces. A fine staircase runs from basement to attic.

There is a possibility that Nether Lypiatt Manor was the influence for the Governor's Palace in Williamsburg, Virginia.

The garden designer Rosemary Verey worked on the gardens of Nether Lypiatt for Prince and Princess Michael. The grounds have recently been re-developed with a series of new gardens, including a refurbished traditional flower garden in keeping with the original arts and crafts backbone of vistas and hedges.

History
On the death of Thomas Freame in 1689, his estate at Nether Lypiatt was divided between his two co-heiresses. One, Anne Chamberlayne, obtained the previous house, which stood near to the present house. Her daughter Catherine married judge Charles Coxe (1656–1728), MP for Cirencester and later Gloucester, and circuit judge in Wales. They inherited the house in 1699 and built the present house in the early 1700s. Their son John inherited the house in 1728 after which it passed down in his family until 1914 (though, from 1884, occupied by tenants), when it was bought by Arthur Stanton. He sold it to Mr Corbett Woodall, who commissioned architect Peter Morley Horder to recondition the house, installing bathrooms and planting the avenue of lime trees to the south.

In 1923, it was bought by Gordon Woodhouse (heir to a Marsala fortune) and his wife, the harpsichordist Violet Gordon Woodhouse, who lived in a menage a cinq. They added the north-west pavilion and improved the interior. After Gordon's death in 1951, the property passed to Captain John Gwynne, a nephew of Violet. In 1956–57, Frederick Nettlefold, with Jeremy Benson as his architect, lifted and completely rebuilt the roof in strict accordance with the original plan, after an 1848 inaccurate re-roof.

In 1980, it was bought by Prince and Princess Michael. Other members of the British royal family also lived near Prince and Princess Michael at Nether Lypiatt. Anne, Princess Royal lived at nearby Gatcombe Park, and Charles, Prince of Wales lived at Highgrove House near Tetbury.

Sale
In 2005, Nether Lypiatt Manor was put up for sale. The agent was originally asking for offers in excess of £6 million, but by February 2006 this had been lowered to £5.5 million. According to The Sunday Times, it was purchased by the businessman and Labour life peer Lord Drayson for £5.75 million. The property was put up for sale again in 2023, launching in Country Life on 31 May at a price of £11 million.

title: Nether Lypiatt Manor


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Time Traveler (video game)

Time Traveler or Hologram Time Traveler is a LaserDisc interactive movie arcade game. It was designed by Dragon's Lair creator Rick Dyer, and released in 1991 by Sega. Its plot is that an American old west cowboy named Marshal Gram travels to various timelines to rescue Princess Kyi-La and defeat the evil time lord Vulcor. The game is best known for its arcade cabinet which displays a "holographic" like projection, produced using optical technology from Dentsu.

In 2001, a home version was published by Digital Leisure in PC CD-ROM and standard DVD format. The DVD version includes a red-blue stereographic presentation intended partially to mimic the arcade original.

Plot
The game's premise is that American old west cowboy Marshal Gram (played by Stephen Wilber, also hired to coordinate the game's stunts) is required to save the universe from scientist turned evil time lord Vulcor, who's found a way to manipulate and distort time itself; and to also rescue Princess Kyi-La (played by LeAnn McVicker) of the Galactic Federation, whom Vulcor is holding prisoner in his quest to disrupt the flow of time. The player must pursue the villain across time through the ages overcoming various obstacles along the way while undoing all the damage done by Vulcor.

Gameplay
The gameplay of Time Traveler is similar to that of other laserdisc games such as Dragon's Lair. The player moves a joystick in a specific direction or presses a button at certain points in the game. By entering the correct command, a movie clip plays showing the player's character progression through the game, while the wrong move results in a unique death scene for each segment. The game offers a short tutorial and hints on gameplay.

The player controls consist of a 4-way joystick, an action button and a time reversal button. The latter is a feature that allows the player to rewind and repeat the last few seconds of a failed segment. This gives the player a second chance to try and escape his death without having to repeat the complete Full-motion video (FMV) sequence all over again. Between levels, players can buy more time-reversal cubes by inserting more coins into the arcade machine.

The game starts with three lives and one time-reversal cube, lasting potentially ten minutes of perfect gameplay. Sometimes the game sequences have intentional latency, and "time malfunction" is displayed. It has a total of seven levels called "time periods". Every level consists of randomized FMV sequences within a time era theme such as pre-historic, Middle Ages, the future, and the Age of Magic.

As the game progresses players randomly encounter a slot machine mini-game called "Hellgate" where the player can bet a life to win or lose extra lives or a free credit, or lose the whole game.

Development
The game's action sequences were filmed in San Diego, California, with a small production crew of about five people headed by Producer/Director Mark E. Watson of Fallbrook, California. The game takes place across many iconic settings from different time periods. All the game's footage was shot as if it were a live action movie. Few props were used during filming as the actors had to imagine fantastical locations while being filmed in front of a green screen stage. Some actors performed multiple roles, for example, the same actor played the obese "amazon queen" in the bonus DVD features and a chainsaw-wielding character in the game. The game's special effects, music and character voices were later added at a special effects studio in Carlsbad, California.

The arcade version has two easter eggs: Pressing both game buttons while pressing down on the joystick with a credit on the machine shows Rick Dyer dancing around with his son on his back. Doing the same procedure while pressing up on the joystick shows the game's development team. There are video clips of production footage and interviews on the disc.

The game had a development budget of $2 million.

Arcade design
Sega billed Time Traveler as "the World's First 3-D Holographic Video Game". The game uses a special arcade cabinet that projects the game's characters using reflection, making them appear free-standing. The "holographic" effect is an optical illusion using a large black spherical mirror and a CRT television set. Characters appear to stand in mid-air as tiny images about five inches (12.7 cm) tall.

Time Traveler has a non-standard shape for an upright arcade cabinet. Though the game is played standing up, the cabinet is larger and shorter resembling an oversized cocktail design (50"H x 43"W x 45"D) (127 cm x 109.2 cm x 114.3 cm) weighing 370 lb. It doesn't have a monitor but instead uses a flat, dark stage called the "Micro-theater", which was invented by engineers Steve Zuloff and Barry Benjamin. The Micro-theater is composed of a big concave mirror that lies underneath the stage. This holographic mirror-like optical device was invented by the Japanese firm Dentsu. Along with it, a 20-inch (50.8 cm) Sony TV sits in front of the mirror. The player controls are located on top of the TV equipment. Several neon colored geometric blocks placed at the back of the stage serves as the only background for the game. It is decorated with white formica all around and with a tall "SEGA Hologram Time Traveler" sign on its back.

DVD release
In 2001, the game was published by Digital Leisure in PC CD-ROM and standard DVD formats. These home versions have the option to simulate the mirror reflection of the original arcade cabinet through a pair of anaglyph stereoscopic glasses. This adds a whirlpool-like moving background to provide an illusory stereoscopic effect.

As with other Digital Leisure DVD releases, the game's box advertises being "Playstation 2 [or Xbox] Compatible" on the cover to attract console owners. Bonus features include interviews with creator Rick Dyer about the making of Time Traveler, as well as some of the actors in the game. It also shows behind the scenes footage from some of the scenes without the special effects.

Reception
In Japan, Game Machine listed Time Traveler on their November 15, 1991 issue as being the eighth most-successful upright/cockpit arcade unit of the month. The game generated over $18 million in revenue in its arcade debut.

British gaming magazine The One reviewed Time Traveler in 1991, calling the holographic effect "novel" and compares the structure of the game to Dragon's Lair, although stating "The difference is, Time Traveller does it better than ever before. All the action has been filmed using real actors ... and lavished with a considerable amount of expensive post-production special effects." The One furthermore praises the variety of the game, noting that the game can take twenty scenes to finish, but there are sixty in the game, allowing different playthroughs to play out differently, and expresses that this is an improvement over other laserdisc games. The One states that "Time Traveller plays well and is an exceptionally well polished piece of software. Although the gameplay isn't to my personal taste, a great many people will marvel at the 'hologram' effect, and have a great time getting the girl."

The Amusement & Music Operators Association (AMOA) nominated Time Traveler for the "Most Innovative New Technology" award in 1992.

title: Time Traveler (video game)


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New York City Department of Education

The New York City Department of Education (NYCDOE) is the department of the government of New York City that manages the city's public school system. The City School District of the City of New York (more commonly known as New York City Public Schools) is the largest school system in the United States (and among the largest in the world), with over 1.1 million students taught in more than 1,800 separate schools. The department covers all five boroughs of New York City, and has an annual budget of around $38 billion.

The department is run by the Panel for Educational Policy and the New York City Schools Chancellor. The current chancellor is David C. Banks.

History

In the Maclay Act in 1842, the New York State legislature established the New York City Board of Education. It gave the city an elective Board of Education empowered to build and supervise schools and distribute the education fund. It provided that none of the money should go to the schools which taught religion. The fast-growing Irish Catholic community objected, but after decades of trying they did not get government funding. By 1870 19 percent of school-age children attended Catholic schools.

Since 1960s
Beginning in the late 1960s, schools were grouped into districts. Elementary schools and middle schools were grouped into 32 community school districts, and high schools were grouped into five geographically larger districts. One each for Manhattan, the Bronx, Queens, one for most of Brooklyn, and one, BASIS, for the rest of Brooklyn and all of Staten Island. In addition, there were several special districts for alternative schools and schools serving severely disabled students.

On February 3, 1964, in protest over deplorable school conditions and segregation, over 450,000 students boycotted New York City public schools. In 1969, on the heels of additional protests, strikes, and demands for community control, New York City Mayor John Lindsay relinquished mayoral control of schools, and organized the city school system into the Board of Education (made up of seven members appointed by borough presidents and the mayor) and 32 community school boards (whose members were elected). Elementary and middle schools were controlled by the community boards while high schools were controlled by the Board of Education.

In 2002, the city's school system was reorganized by chapter 91 of the Laws of 2002. Control of the school system was given to the mayor, who began reorganization and reform efforts. The powers of the community school boards were diminished and the Board of Education was renamed the Panel for Educational Policy, a twelve-member body of which seven members are appointed by the mayor and five by Borough Presidents. Although that legislation itself made no specific reference to a "Department of Education of the City of New York", the bylaws subsequently adopted by the Board provided that the 13-member body "shall be known as the Panel for Educational Policy", which together with the Chancellor and other school employees was designated as the "Department of Education of the City of New York". The education headquarters were moved from 110 Livingston Street in downtown Brooklyn to the Tweed Courthouse building adjacent to New York City Hall in Manhattan.

In 2003, the districts were grouped into ten regions, each encompassing several elementary and middle school districts, and part of a high school district. In 2005, several schools joined the Autonomous Zone (later Empowerment Zone) and were allowed to use part of their budgets to directly purchase support services. These schools were released from their regions. In 2007, Mayor Michael Bloomberg and Chancellor Joel I. Klein announced the dissolution of the regions effective June 2007, and schools became organized into one of several School Support Organizations.

Since 2009, the NYS Assembly has passed incremental laws keeping NYC Mayoral control over the DOE and the current law is set to expire with the end of Mayor DeBlasio's term in 2022.

Territory
NYCDOE is the school district of all five boroughs. All of the city is assigned to schools in the NYCDOE school district except for a small section of the Bronx, which is instead assigned to the Pelham Public Schools (with tuition supported by the city government).

Curriculum
Beginning in 2003, New York City public schools citywide implemented a mathematics "core curriculum" based on New York State standards for grades K-Up Higher. To graduate high school, students must earn at least six credits in mathematics. All NYC public school students are taught through the Common Core curriculum. To receive a Regents diploma, students must score at least 65 on a Regents math exam.

Health and nutrition
The city has started several initiatives to reduce childhood obesity among students, including promoting exercise and improving nutrition in school cafeterias.

During Mayor Bloomberg's first term, white bread was entirely replaced with whole wheat bread, hot dog buns, and hamburger buns in cafeterias. In 2006, the city set out to eliminate whole milk from cafeteria lunch menus and took the further step of banning low-fat flavored milks, allowing only skim milk (white and chocolate). The New York City school system purchases more milk than any other in the United States. Although the dairy industry aggressively lobbied against the new plan they ultimately failed to prevent its implementation.

In October 2009, the DOE banned bake sales, though some schools continued to have them. The DOE cited the high sugar content of baked sale goods and that 40% of city students are obese. However, vending machines in the schools operated by Frito Lay and Snapple continued to sell high processed empty calorie foods such as Doritos and juices. As part of the DOE's program to create healthy diets among students, Frito Lay was obligated to put Reduced Fat Doritos in machines. The DOE considers Reduced Fat Doritos a healthy snack based on its June 2009 request for healthy snack vending machine proposals. However, the school lunch menu still contained numerous highly processed foods and high sugar content foods including chicken nuggets, French fries, French toast and syrup. The New York State Assembly published a report that the NYCDOE failed to maintain or improve playgrounds, instead turning them into ad-hoc additional classroom space or parking lots.

In January 2011, the DOE began a pilot program called Connecting Adolescents to Comprehensive Health (CATCH) that offers some reproductive health services to students in grades 9–12. Services include providing access to birth control such as condoms, emergency contraceptives, and birth control pills. Starting with 13 high schools, it has grown to serve 90 high schools by 2022.

New York City began to offer free lunch to all students in 2017.

Teachers
Beginning in 2000, the DOE instituted a number of innovative programs for teacher recruitment, including the New York City Teaching Fellows, the TOP Scholars Program, and initiatives to bring foreign teachers (primarily from Eastern Europe) to teach in the city's schools. Housing subsidies are in place for experienced teachers who relocate to the city to teach.

In the course of school reorganizations, some veteran teachers have lost their positions. They then enter a pool of substitutes, called the Absent Teacher Reserve. On November 19, 2008, the department and the city's teacher union (the United Federation of Teachers), reached an agreement to create financial incentives for principals of new schools to hire ATR teachers and guidance counselors.

Budget
The one hundred largest school districts in the nation (by enrollment) spend an average of $14,000 per pupil every year. However, census data from 2017 shows that the NYCDOE easily placed first in the list, by spending $25,199. Only the Boston Public Schools came close to this figure.

$3 billion (15.6%) of the budget goes for the 19 percent of those who attend Non City schools. This includes $1.09 billion to pre-school special education services and $725.3 million for School-Age non DOE contract special education. Another $71 million goes to non-public schools such as yeshivas and parochial schools and $1.04 billion is paid for the 70 thousand students attending charter schools. "In school year 2012–2013, 241,900 students attended nonpublic schools, 19 percent of the city K-12 total." The $1.04B for 70,000 students in charter schools calculates as $14,285; the $71 million for the 241,900 not in public school is less than $400 per student.

$4.6 billion of the budget pays for pensions and interest on Capital Plan debt.

Organization
Although the 2002 reform legislation made no specific reference to a "Department of Education", the bylaws subsequently adopted by the New York City Board of Education provided that the board "shall be known as the Panel for Educational Policy", which together with the Chancellor and other school employees was designated as the "Department of Education of the City of New York".

New York City Panel for Educational Policy
The Panel for Educational Policy has the authority to approve school closings. A majority of its membership is appointed by the Mayor.

Community Education Councils
There are 32 councils, with 11 members on each, two appointed by Borough Presidents and nine selected by PTA leaders who are advised by parents who live in the council districts, the local parents acting through an election process conducted online and overseen by the Department of Education. The 2009 election cost $650,000 to conduct and another election was held in 2011.

According to Beth Fertig, Community Education Councils are "supposed to provide an avenue for parent engagement." According to Tim Kremer, head of the New York State School Boards Association, "although education councils don't have a lot of power they can play a vital role in vetting budgets and giving feedback on instructional policies." Councils have some veto power. The councils were created in 2002 and their authority was increased "a little" in 2009, but, according to Fertig, "many parents still claim the councils don't matter because decisions are ultimately controlled by the mayor." According to Soni Sangha, the councils are mainly obscure and unknown to many parents, their forums are not well-attended, and they meet with the citywide schools chancellor.

Demographics

In October 2018, 1,126,501 students attended New York City public schools, excluding 119,551 students enrolled in charter schools.

About 40% of students in the city's public school system live in households where a language other than English is spoken; one-third of all New Yorkers were born in another country. The city's Department of Education translates report cards, registration forms, system-wide alerts, and documents on health and policy initiatives for parents into Spanish, French, German, Russian, Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Hindi, Telugu, Bengali, Urdu, Persian, Arabic, and Haitian Creole.

In October 2018, the student population was 42% Hispanic and Latino, 26% African American, 15% Non-Hispanic White, and 16% Asian American. Another 3% were of multiple race categories. Of the students, 20% were disabled, 13% were English language learners, and 73% met the department's definition of poverty.

The specialized high schools tend to be disproportionately Asian. New York's Specialized High School Institute is an after-school program for students in late middle school. It was designed to enlarge the pool of African American and Hispanic candidates eligible for admission to the selective schools by giving them extra lessons and teaching test-taking skills. Unlike other urban school districts (such as San Francisco Unified School District), New York does not use racial preferences (affirmative action) in public school admissions.

In May 2012, the New York Times reported that New York City had the fifth most segregated large city school system, after Chicago and Dallas. Hispanic students are concentrated in Washington Heights and Corona and the greatest segregation existed in black neighborhoods. It further noted that black isolation in schools has persisted even as residential segregation has declined. , the Times said that 11% of the schools in the city system had the majority of non-Hispanic white students, who made up 15% of the system's total student body. In May 2017, the Times published another report in collaboration with Measure of America that examined the effects of segregation. According to the report, black and Hispanic students were more likely to attend nonselective schools with majority-black and Hispanic demographics and lower graduation rates, while white and Asian students were more likely to attend selective or zoned schools with higher graduation rates. The Times also stated that zoned schools with majority white or Asian demographics tended to have higher graduation rates than zoned schools with majority black or Hispanic demographics. While the universal high school choice policy in New York City sought to weaken the link between the conditions in students neighborhoods and their educational outcomes, a 2016 report by Measure of America found that on-time graduation rates still vary immensely by where students lived.

Special Education
In 1991 NYCDOE established an entirely segregated school district, District 75, to educate children with complex and significant needs including Autism, Intellectual Disabilities, Multiple disabilities and sensory impairments. District 75 educates approximately 24,000 children across New York City's five boroughs. In 2021, the mothers of three District 75 students on Staten Island brought a class action lawsuit against NYCDOE claiming their children were unnecessarily forced into a segregated learning environment, isolated away from their peers, and forced into excessively long commutes. In 2023 the district was subject to disproportionately high funding cuts of $97 million dollars, affecting the district's ability to provide school supplies and extracurricular activities.

As of the 2022-2023 school year, there were approximately 219,000 students with disabilities (20.9% of the student body) being educated in the NYC school system. The most prevalent disability classifications are learning disabilities (40%) and speech or language impairments (32%). Boys outnumber girls with IEPs by two to one.

Nest
Introduced in 2003 as a partnership between NYCDOE and the NYU Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, the Nest program is designed to meet the needs of autistic students who have average to above average intelligence, age-level spoken language, memory and attention. Classrooms are located in community Districts 1-32 and follow an Integrated Co-Teaching (ICT) model, with two teachers: one special education teacher and one general education teacher. Class sizes are smaller than typical NYC ICT classrooms. Approximately 1,700 autistic students are educated in Nest classrooms across New York City's five boroughs.

Horizon
Introduced in 2011 as a collaboration between NYCDOE and the New England Center for Children, the Horizon program is designed to meet the needs of autistic students who have average to below average intelligence, display mild to moderate language difficulties, and have mild to moderate delays in playing and interacting with other students. Students are expected to participate in standard assessments. Instruction is based on the principles of Applied Behavior Analysis. Classrooms are located in community Districts 1-32 and follow a "self-contained" model consisting of eight students, one special education teacher and one classroom paraprofessional.

Acquisition, Integration, Meaningful communication and Student independence (AIMS)
Introduced in 2019, AIMS is a special education program in select District 75 schools that is designed to meet the needs of autistic students with moderate to severe delays in academic skills and have below average working memory, verbal and non-verbal reasoning abilities, speech and language and attention. Instruction is based on the principles of Applied Behavior Analysis and Verbal Behavior. Classrooms follow a "self-contained" model consisting of six students, a special education teacher, speech teacher, and paraprofessional.

Alumni
A number of New York City public school students have gone on to become celebrities, and leaders in various industries including music, fashion, business, sports, and entertainment. Some of the most notable New York City public school alumni include Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Alicia Keys, Stanley Kubrick, Al Pacino, Colin Powell, Lloyd Blankfein, Neil deGrasse Tyson (K – 12), and Jay-Z.

Art focused schools, including High School of Art and Design and Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School have tended to produce notable artists, actors, and fashion over the past century, while STEM focused schools, including Stuyvesant High School and Bronx High School of Science boast Nobel Prize winners and scientists among their notable alumni.

Many now famous alumni also interacted with one another while attending public school together. One particular vocational high school, George Westinghouse Career and Technical Education High School, is widely known in Brooklyn to have helped produce four rap legends. In the 1990s, Jay-Z, Busta Rhymes, DMX, and The Notorious B.I.G. all attended the same school. Similarly, at DeWitt Clinton High School in The Bronx, famed novelist James Baldwin and photographer Richard Avedon both contributed to their school's literary magazine, The Magpie, in the 1930s.

School buildings
Many school buildings are architecturally noteworthy, in part due to the efforts of C. B. J. Snyder. Since 1988 construction has been in the hands of the New York City School Construction Authority.

Most schools were built prior to the passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act and are not accessible or only partially accessible to people with physical disabilities. The Office of Accessibility Planning, which is located within the Office of Space Management, collaborates with other offices within the DOE to facilitate projects that specifically focus on improving the accessibility of school buildings.

Every school building is given an accessibility designation of either, No Accessibility, Partially Accessible or Fully Accessible, which is listed on the school's profile. In addition, schools are given an accessibility rating from a scale of 1–10. All buildings built on or after 1992 are fully accessible and are given a 10 out of 10 rating. Students with physical disabilities get priority admission to fully or partially accessible schools.

The department has closed many failing elementary, middle (intermediate) and high schools. The buildings of some of the larger schools have been turned into "Campuses" or "Complexes" in which a number of smaller school entities, educationally independent of each other, co-exist within the building.

Radio and television stations
The Board operated radio station WNYE beginning in 1938, from studios located within the campus of Brooklyn Technical High School. Television station WNYE-TV went on the air in 1967, with its studios adjacent to George Westinghouse High School in Downtown Brooklyn. The broadcast licenses of both stations were transferred to the Department of Information Technology and Telecommunications in 2004.

Analysis and criticism
New York is one of ten major U.S. cities in which the educational system is under the control of the mayor rather than an elected school board.

More recently, Mayor Bill de Blasio has received major criticism over his decision to accept proposals by charter schools to co-locate with public schools, specifically Seth Low IS and Cavallaro IS in Bensonhurst, Brooklyn. Many people expressed shock and disappointment at the decision, claiming that co-location leads to congestion of school streets, overcrowded classrooms, strained resources, and a negative impact on children's education.

Deaths and Disappearances of Disabled Students
On October 4th 2013, 14 year old autistic student Avonte Oquendo walked out of his District 75 school, Riverview School in Long Island City, and went missing. His remains were located three months later in the East River, however the exact cause of death could not be determined. Video footage from inside the school showed him running through the halls of the school and past a security guard before exiting through a door that had been left open. In 2016 the City of New York agreed to pay $ 2.7 million settlement to the family of Avonte Oquendo in response to a wrongful death lawsuit brought against the Department of Education.

On September 15th 2014, 15 year old Nashaly Perez, a disabled student at PS 371 Lillian L. Rashkis High School in Sunset Park, Brooklyn, exited a back door of her school, went missing and was located three days later at a friend's home. In response to the incident Chancellor Carmen Fariña reassigned the school's principal. A special investigation later found no wrongdoing by any school employees.

On October 28th 2014, 21 year old Dyasha Phelps Smith, an autistic student at Brooklyn District 75 school PS368@P293, asphyxiated on a muffin, became unconscious and died during the school session. The Special Commissioner of Investigation for the New York City School District later found that there was no misconduct on the part of any NYCDOE employee in relation to the incident and no staff were reassigned as a result of the investigation.

On December 2nd 2016, 6-year-old Abraham Awawda, an autistic student at District 75 school P.S. K077 in Brooklyn walked out of school, went missing for over an hour, and was later found inside an apartment building three blocks away.

On October 4th 2023, an autistic 15 year old student at Gotham Collaborative High School in the Bronx, bypassed his paraprofessional and exited the school building. Security cameras nearby the school revealed he boarded the BX5 bus instead of his regular school bus. He was later found.

On January 2nd 2024, 11 year old autistic student Andrew Burney disappeared from P.S. K369 Coy L. Cox School in Brooklyn after opening an emergency exit door. He was found later that day in Malverne on Long Island having travelled almost 20 miles on the Long Island Railroad.

Mayoral control status
Mayor de Blasio retains control over the New York City Public Schools, due to state lawmakers granting two one year extensions, currently valid through the end of June 2022. The deal includes provisions which require release of more detailed budget information about the New York City schools, according to information sent out by Governor Andrew Cuomo's office. Lawmakers also agreed to give districts until the end of the year to negotiate details of new evaluation systems for teachers and principals. The deal also will allow charter schools to more easily switch between authorizers. That could mean the city's education department, which oversees a number of charter schools (but which no longer accepts oversight of new schools) could see some of these schools depart in the future for oversight by State University of New York or the New York State Education Department.

Bullying lawsuit
In April 2016, a group of 11 students and their families along with the non-profit organization Families for Excellent Schools, filed a federal class action lawsuit against the NYCDOE and Chancellor Farina, alleging that the department did not do enough to prevent bullying in schools. The basis of the suit claimed that the atmosphere inside New York City public schools was depriving students of their right to receive an education free of violence, bullying and harassment. In March 2018, the NYCDOE agreed to settle under the condition that it was required to report bullying incidents into an electronic system within one day, and that parents would also be able to submit school bullying complaints electronically.

Size
"It is bigger by half than the second-largest system, Los Angeles, and twice as large as Chicago, the third-largest." To give this context, City Journal reported that "a separate Brooklyn district would itself be the fourth-largest in the country."

title: New York City Department of Education


text:
Brad Maynard

Bradley Alan Maynard (born February 9, 1974) is an American former professional football punter in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Ball State Cardinals, twice earning consensus All-American honors. Maynard was selected by the New York Giants in the third round of the 1997 NFL draft, and was also a member of the Chicago Bears, the Houston Texans and the Cleveland Browns.

Early years
Maynard was born in Tipton, Indiana. He attended Sheridan High School in Hamilton County, Indiana, where he played high school football for the Blackhawks.

College career
Maynard attended the Ball State University, where he played for the Ball State Cardinals football team. He averaged 44.2 yards per kick, ranking third in NCAA history. He amassed over 10,700 yards on 242 punts. Maynard was named onto the consensus All-American selection and All-Mid-American Conference first-team pick. He won MAC Defensive Player-of-the-Year and MVP following his senior campaign. He majored in business while playing for the Cardinals. He was described as quiet, humble, and hard working during his collegiate years.

Maynard was inducted into Ball State's Athletic Hall of Fame on February 8, 2008. On May 30, 2013, Maynard was inducted to the MAC Hall of Fame.

New York Giants
The New York Giants selected Maynard in the third round of the 1997 NFL draft, which made him one of the highest drafted punters in the modern era of football. He was a member of the 2000 New York Giants, who played the Baltimore Ravens in Super Bowl XXXV. Maynard set an NFL record for most punts in a single Super Bowl as the Giants lost 34–7.

Chicago Bears
After the 2000 season ended, Maynard became a free agent and signed with the Chicago Bears. Maynard is known for his occasional trick plays. On rare occasions, he may pass in order to convert a first down. His most notable trick play came in 2001, when he threw a 27-yard touchdown pass to Brian Urlacher on a fake field goal en route to a 20–15 victory over the Washington Redskins, which secured the Bears the NFC's second playoff seed. He also threw passes on fake punts during two Bears' season finales in 2005 and 2006. His career passing stats are 4-7 with two touchdowns.

In January 2007, he was voted the sexiest member of the Chicago Bears. Along with Patrick Mannelly, kicker Robbie Gould claims Maynard to be one of the Bears' unsung heroes. On July 25, 2011, the Bears released Maynard. Maynard was replaced with former Jacksonville Jaguars punter Adam Podlesh.

Houston Texans
On August 2, 2011, the Houston Texans signed Maynard to a 1-year deal. He was released on September 3, and replaced by the rookie Brett Hartmann after originally keeping Maynard and cutting Hartmann.

Cleveland Browns
On September 13, 2011, the Cleveland Browns signed Maynard to a one-year contract to replace the injured Richmond McGee. Following the season, he was not re-signed.

Personal life
He and his wife, Karen, have two sons, Conner and Cole, and a daughter, Ava.

While on the Bears, every Monday during football season he was featured on "Maynard Monday" with Eric and Kathy on 101.9 the Mix in Chicago where he discusses the previous Bears game. His wife was also featured on the segment after a bye week.

title: Brad Maynard


text:
Laputa (band)

Laputa was a Japanese Nagoya kei rock band, active from 1993 to 2004. The band chose its name from the flying island in Gulliver's Travels and tried to portray a similar unrealistic view of the world with their performance. Their 1997 album Emadara was named one of the top albums from 1989 to 1998 in a 2004 issue of the music magazine Band Yarouze.

History
Laputa was formed in July 1993 by aki and Tomoi, high school friends who were previously in the band Ai SICK FACE together. Laputa recorded their two demos "Saddist no Yume" and "Naraku no Soko"(Okazaki Yukito from Eternal Elysium worked as an engineer.) in later 1993. They met some success in 1995 in the visual indie scene with their first indie album Memai, and shot a music video for Vertigo. They released a mini-album (Kurumeku Haijin) in 1996, and also released a live video (Hakoniwa) featuring performances from the concert at SHIBUYA ON AIR WEST from the Paradoxical Reality TOUR IV.

With their increasing popularity in the visual indie scene, Laputa caught the attention of big record companies and signed to the major label Toshiba-EMI in August 1996. Laputa released their first major single GARASU NO SHOUZOU in September 1996, which peaked at #34 on the Oricon singles chart. In October Laputa's first major album KAGEROU was released. Laputa released 4 more albums and several videos in the following 4 years.

In 2000, Laputa released a collection of their B-sides (c/w songs) "Coupling Collection + xxxk [1996-1999 singles]". They also released a three-disc best-of album "3DISC BEST ~1995-1999 except Coupling Collection~", which featured 32 songs in all including Laputa's eight major singles and 24 other songs. After these releases, Laputa left Toshiba-EMI and signed to a smaller major label Nippon-Crown.

While on Nippon Crown Laputa released 4 albums/mini-albums and 3 singles which made it on to the top 50 of the Oriocon charts. Glitter, a mini-album which was released in 2002, had a more electronic-oriented direction.

Laputa's lead songwriter Kouichi was reportedly in a hospital or clinic for much of 2002. Because of this, he wrote only two songs on the New Temptation album, and Laputa's tour for the album consisted of less than ten concert dates. Junji wrote more of the songs on 誘～New Temptation～惑 than any other member, and would remain Laputa's lead songwriter for the rest of their career. Tomoi also began to contribute more in writing songs and lyrics.

In May 2004 Laputa announced through their fanclub that they were disbanding, citing a desire for each of them to evolve. They released a best-of CD+DVD of their material from their years on the Nippon-Crown label titled "BEST AL+CLIPS 2000~2004" on July 28, 2004, toured from August to September, and played their last live on September 5, 2004, at Shibuya Koukaido. A DVD of the last live titled "ALL BURST" was released on December 15, 2004.

After Laputa's disbanding all four musicians stayed in the music business and three of them started solo projects. Aki began to release material under his own name, while Kouichi started Everlasting-K and Junji started HALATION. On the other hand, Tomoi first joined MILK FUDGE, and then played support for JILS. After JILS disbanded, he formed a new band, called C4 in 2008, together with Junji, JILS' guitarist Shunsuke and singer Toki, formerly of 90s' visual kei band Kill=slayd.

On August 29, 2023, Aki passed away due to a sudden illness at the age of 52.

Members

 * aki – vocals
 * Kouichi – guitar ex.Silver-Rose
 * Junji – bass
 * Tomoi – drums

 * Former members
 * Hiro – guitar
 * Hideno – guitar
 * Kusuba – bass

Musical style and influence
Musically the essence of the band sound was extracted from "Dark, Hard, and Melodious". Their sound is characterized by Kouichi's unique chord progressions and aki's high-pitched vocals.

aki
aki cited Morrie from Dead End as a main influence on his vocal style. He covered Japanese metal bands in his high school days, such as Dead End, Loudness, 44 Magnum, Gastunk, Reaction, Marino, Sniper and Tilt.

Kouichi
Kouichi stated he was influenced by Yngwie Malmsteen and Takeshi Tsuji from Justy-Nasty. As a solo artist, Everlasting-K, he admired hide, describing him as "my eternal goal". When asked what bands he listened to in his high school days, Kouichi mentioned Vow Wow, Anthem and Earthshaker.

Junji
His early influences included Duran Duran, Bon Jovi, Bauhaus, Dead Can Dance and The Cure. Junji was later into electronic dance music and trip hop.

Tomoi
His style was mostly influenced by Masafumi Minato from Dead End and Akira Ōta from Kinniku Shōjo Tai. He stated that he was into bands such as Duran Duran, Toto and Journey, and covered Seikima-II and glam metal in his high school days.

Legacy
Laputa is credited with "creating the early nagoya kei style along with Kuroyume", combining the sounds of heavy metal music and gothic rock.

Musicians that have cited Kouichi as an influence include Ruiza and Hide-Zou from D, Kei from Diaura and Tsurugi from Sadie.

Takayoshi Ohmura from Babymetal stated that "I love Laputa so much." and later joined C4. Umi from vistlip said that Laputa's major first single "硝子の肖像 (Glass no Shouzou)" got him into visual kei and started playing in the band. Yomi from Nightmare covered Laputa in his high school days. Kaya covered their song "揺れながら… (Yurenagara...)" on the compilation album "CRUSH!-90’s V-Rock best hit cover songs-".

Demos

 * 1) Saddistの夢 (Saddist no Yume) (Sep 4, 1993)
 * 2) 奈落の底 (Naraku no Soko) (Dec 20, 1993)

title: Laputa (band)


text:
Thatched House Lodge

Thatched House Lodge is a Grade II-listed building, dating from the 17th century, in Richmond Park in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames in London, England. It was the home of British prime minister Sir Robert Walpole and, since 1963, has been a royal residence, being leased from the Crown Estate by Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy (born Princess Alexandra of Kent), and, until his death in 2004, her husband, Sir Angus Ogilvy.

The main house has six reception rooms and six bedrooms, and it stands in 4 acre of grounds. The property includes gardens, an 18th-century two-room thatched summer house which gave the main house its name, a gardener's cottage, stabling and other buildings.

History
The residence was originally built as two houses in 1673 for two Richmond Park Keepers, as Aldridge Lodge. It was enlarged, possibly by William Kent, in 1727 as a home for Sir Robert Walpole. The two houses were joined in 1771 by Sir John Soane and renamed Thatched House Lodge. It had also been known as Burkitt's Lodge.

The house was used as a grace-and-favour residence by various members of the Royal Household including General Sir Edward Bowater, and General Lynedoch Gardiner, respectively equerry to Albert, Prince Consort and to Queen Victoria. Sir Frederick Treves retired to the house after he successfully operated on King Edward VII's appendix in 1902. Edward VII awarded use of the house to Sir Edmund Monson on his retirement from Her Majesty's Diplomatic Service in 1905. Thatched House Lodge ceased to be a grace and favour property in 1927.

Thatched House Lodge was the home of Wing Commander Sir Louis Greig (equerry to King George VI when he was Duke of York), who was deputy Ranger of Richmond Park from 1932. It was then acquired by the 5th Duke of Sutherland. U.S. General Dwight D. Eisenhower was allotted a suite there during the Second World War.

Leasehold details
The house was acquired on the open market by Angus Ogilvy through the purchase in 1963 of a sublease of the property from Clare, Duchess of Sutherland; he subsequently purchased the leasehold. The asking price for the sublease was £150,000, a considerable amount at the time. The property was held on a lease from the Crown Estate. In 1994, the Crown Estate granted Ogilvy an extension of the lease, to run for 150 years from 1994. Under the 1994 lease, a premium of £670,000 was payable to the Crown Estate, together with an annual rent of £1,000 for the first 25 years, rising in defined stages every 25 years to £6,000 per annum for the last 25 years. The lease required the leaseholder to put the property "in good and substantial repair" and to maintain it as such, to preserve the character of the property. According to the National Audit Office report on Thatched House Lodge, "considerable sums have been spent during the last 40 years of occupation".

The leasehold arrangements reflect the fact that the property was acquired by Ogilvy on a purely commercial basis, having acquired the sublease of the property for market value on the open market. The commercial nature of the leasehold is shown by the very considerable premium of £670,000 paid on the 1994 extension of the lease, with all maintenance at the expense of the leaseholder, and no charges resulting to the Crown Estate. Independent advice from a leading firm of chartered surveyors taken by the Crown Estate on the 1994 lease extension used the valuation methods applicable to a leaseholder's statutory rights on renewal of a lease. As the property was acquired in an open market transaction, the leasehold of the property may be sold except in the last five years of the lease. Therefore, although Thatched House Lodge is a royal residence by virtue of being inhabited by Princess Alexandra, it is in fact private property, the sub-lease of which was acquired on the open market, and the leasehold having been bought by Ogilvy. As a result, the property may be sold by the princess or her heirs, subject to the underlying Crown Estate long lease. The property is in an "exempted" area (Richmond Park) where freehold sales are not available.

The leasehold arrangements concerning Thatched House Lodge differ from the arrangements relating to other royal residences leased from the Crown Estate, Royal Lodge and Bagshot Park, leased by the Duke of York and Duke of Edinburgh respectively. In particular the Crown Estate never made a contribution towards restructuring Thatched House Lodge, as it did in the case of Royal Lodge and Bagshot Park, showing the non-commercial considerations which influenced those leases as opposed to Thatched House Lodge.

title: Thatched House Lodge


text:
Talk:Chevrolet Chevelle

Replacement for the Chevy II?
"The Chevelle lineup was originally deemed as a Chevy II replacement" I have some doubts about this. The Chevy II appeared in '62 and was certainly not discontinued when the Chevelle appeared in '64. They were two different sizes and classes of car and I believe were always planned to be so. RivGuySC 05:15, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

Chevelle SS424s anyone?
Hey hows about getting a photograph of the 1969 Chevelle SS424?

Chevelle Generations
Isn't the 1964-1967 considered 1st gen, 1968-1972 considered 2nd gen, and 1973-1977 considered 3rd gen? Also, it seems that the weight listed for the 1970 SS454 is grossly understated. --King V (talk) 18:33, 5 November 2008 (UTC)

Photo labelled as first generation Chevelle
This photo is not of a first generation Chevelle, but rather a later (late 60's early 70's) version. One clue to the mistake is that the identified photo includes sidelights, not required until the 1968 model to both the front and rear of U.S. spec. cars. 70.108.62.111 04:15, 11 July 2007 (UTC)Bryan Ellison

Actually it is a 1970 Chevelle. -Travis —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.220.142.207 (talk) 23:10, 29 April 2008 (UTC)

One thing I have noticed is that all other A body cars have the second generation start at 1968, such as the Olds Cutlass and even this car's counterpart, the Malibu. Why is the first generation listed at 1964-1972, but the body style changed in 1968? Correct me if I'm wrong, but the Second generation started in 1968 and ended in 1972. -BlackSabbath1996

Rated as a Start
I felt it was a Start because it has the info boxes and a relatively good amount of sources, let me know, feel free to change it.--Laxplayer630 22:02, 3 September 2007 (UTC)

Page move
I discussed this on the band Chevelle's talk page, but I was wondering why the page for "Chevelle" should have information on a band relatively new to fame, while the car which the band was named after should be on a separate page? Since most of the people editing the page for the band are most likely fans - and most likely are too young to have heard of the Chevelle - I'd have to propose a mutual page move, which would require members editing either article to agree to.  Zchris87v  23:58, 22 December 2007 (UTC)
 * If you check out Category:Chevrolet vehicles and Category:Ford vehicles, you'll find that with VERY few exceptions, all cars are listed with their manufacturers name in the article title. I would strongly prefer that we leave this article where it is for consistancies sake (and I'm saying this as someone who has owned two Chevelles over the past 20 years, and without knowing thing 1 about the band).— Mrand  T-C 14:22, 25 January 2008 (UTC)

1971-2 Chevelle
I just read the 1971 and 72 section of the second generation Chevelles, and I don't see anything about the styling changs, just the performance changes. The whole back and front ends changed, and there is no mention of it. BlackSabbath1996 (talk) 23:41, 6 July 2010 (UTC)
 * Ok I'll get on it.(Vegavairbob (talk) 03:16, 7 July 2010 (UTC))
 * Done. A '71 (front) image was added with additional text on styling changes for 71-72, as well as new '65 SS396 and '67 SS396 images and additional text.(Vegavairbob (talk) 03:28, 7 July 2010 (UTC))
 * Thanks, looks great and reads well. BlackSabbath1996 (talk) 18:24, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

3rd Generation Section
The 3rd generation section is written a bit fannishly and in the plural first person tense. I don't want to tinker too much as I am a young enthusiast without much knowledge. Could anyone who knows what they're talking about do a bit of cleanup? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.15.217.153 (talk) 05:53, 1 February 2011 (UTC)

front bumper
will a 64 malibu front bumper fit a 64 olds cutlass holiday coupe body styles are identical — Preceding unsigned comment added by 108.207.168.201 (talk) 10:02, 4 May 2013 (UTC)

front bumper
will a 64 malibu front bumper fit a 64 olds cutlass holiday coupe body styles are identical — Preceding unsigned comment added by 108.207.168.201 (talk) 10:19, 4 May 2013 (UTC)

Third Generation "Hardtop" vs. "Soft-top"
Third generation section makes no logical sense when it states that "hardtop" models were removed due to fears of impending federal rollover standards. I assume original writer meant "soft top" or "convertible", especially since he or she later refers to a successful model, the "Colonnade Hardtop".

I am replacing the incorrect terms "hardtop" with the more formal "convertible" and less formal "soft top".

Alpine Joy (talk) 14:35, 19 March 2016 (UTC)
 * While confusing the section was correct, as in 1973 the pillarless hardtop was replaced by the pillared "Colonnade hardtop". I've tried to clarify the whole passage. —Cloverleaf II (talk) 16:58, 30 July 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Chevrolet Chevelle


text:
User talk:SNOWGOD

This is regarding your edit to the article Child pornography Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. --Mysidia (talk) 05:16, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

Regarding : Please refrain from adding nonsense to Wikipedia. It is considered vandalism. If you would like to experiment, use the sandbox. --Mysidia (talk) 05:25, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

 * This is your final warning--do not insert nonsense into articles. Thank you. Meelar (talk) 23:30, September 11, 2005 (UTC)

This message is regarding the article Kashyyyk. Your change was determined to be unhelpful, and has been removed. Please use the sandbox for any tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing. Thanks. toad (t) 19:18, 17 December 2005 (UTC)

Please stop. If you continue to vandalize pages, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia. Joyous | Talk 19:18, 17 December 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:SNOWGOD