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Glorietta

Glorietta (stylized in all lowercase), known formerly as Quad, is a shopping mall complex in the Ayala Center, Makati, Metro Manila, Philippines. The mall is owned by Ayala Land and operated through its subsidiary, the Ayala Malls. The mall is divided into five sections (named Glorietta 1 to 5) and contains many shops and restaurants, as well as cinemas, a gym, arcades and a large central activity center. Visitors have described the mall as maze-like, due to the complexity of its interior layout.

Glorietta 1 to 4 is integrated with the nearby Greenbelt, SM Makati, Rustan's Makati, The Landmark, and eventually One Ayala. Glorietta 5 is detached, located at the lot formerly occupied by an open parking area between Hotel InterContinental Manila and Rustan's Makati. Coinciding with the redevelopment, the tenants affected by the October 19, 2007 explosion were given an option to relocate there.

Etymology
The mall got its name from the Spanish word glorietta, which used to describe the public meeting place in Spanish colonial-era designed towns throughout the Philippines; the spelling with double "t" reflects the Old Spanish alphabet.

Until 1997, the mall was previously named Quad, a name that was also borne by the four-cinema Quad Theater that was integrated into it. The name quad is a Latin word for four, reflecting the mall's original number of divisions.

History
Glorietta was originally a park centrally located in the Makati Commercial Center complex. The Glorietta park, with its outdoor stage for event hosting, was built in the 1970s. It was landscaped by Ildefonso P. Santos Jr., a National Artist for Architecture who was also credited for designing the entire complex. It was then surrounded by small shopping arcades, Quad Theater (also known as The Quad), and the Makati Supermart.

In 1990, Ayala decided to redevelop Makati Commercial Center, then branded The Center Makati, into a new development named the Ayala Center. The plan called for the redevelopment of the Glorietta park and the surrounding shopping arcades into a single shopping mall. To mark the change, Makati Commercial Center was renamed Ayala Center in 1991.

As Glorietta
The new Glorietta mall opened in 1992 with a gross leasable area of 250,000 sqm, envisioned as one of the largest malls in the Philippines. The mall was divided into four sections:
 * Quad 1 - which retained the original four Quad cinemas until 2009;
 * Quad 2 - which had an indoor theme park named Glico's Great Adventure, a shopping arcade named Goldcrest, and was soon to become the main setting for a deadly explosion in 2007;
 * Quad 3 - which would soon be the home of international restaurants like Hard Rock Cafe and TGI Friday's;
 * Glorietta 4 - a new hub for entertainment with a Timezone branch and seven additional cinemas, and also the home of Oakwood Premier (later, Ascott Makati), a premier hotel that stood on top of the mall and became the setting for the Oakwood mutiny, an infamous political siege led by the Magdalo Group which occurred in 2003.

All four components were home to a variety of shops and restaurants. Quad 1 and 2 opened in 1991, while Quad 3 opened in 1992 and was completed in 1993. Glorietta 4, delayed due to the construction of Oakwood Premier, opened in 1998 and was completed in 1999. Quad 1, 2 and 3 would later be renamed Glorietta 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Those were divided by walkways radiating from the activity center to their namesake major roads (clockwise from north): Ayala Mall, EDSA Mall, Pasay Mall, and Makati Mall.

Tenants that set up shop in Ayala Center prior to Glorietta's development, most notably Mercury Drug, Automatic Centre, Jollibee, Max's, and McDonald's, also found a home in Glorietta. The department stores surrounding the mall – SM Makati, The Landmark, and Rustan's – were utilized by Glorietta as its anchor tenants for its supermarkets and department stores.

In the mid-1990s, Glorietta emerged as a premier mall, boasting an air-conditioned atrium, children's playground, and activity center. The mall transitioned to its present name from "Quad" in 1997 and underwent expansions from 1999 to 2005, culminating in the opening of Glorietta 5, an additional wing detached from Glorietta 1 to 4, in 2008. Reconstruction work on Glorietta 1 and 2 began in 2010, with reopening on November 5 and December 7, 2012, respectively. On November 29, 2012, Move to the Vibe of Glorietta, a fashion show, was held at the mall's new Palm Drive Activity Center and broke the Guinness World Record for the “Most People Modeling on a Catwalk” with 2,255 participants.

A Chuck E. Cheese's was meant to open here in 2013, but the plans were cancelled due to the mall layout. Further developments followed, including the opening of Uniqlo's flagship and largest Southeast Asian store at Glorietta 5 in 2018, the unveiling of "Top of the Glo" roof deck in 2019, and the completed renovation of the Food Choices area in Glorietta 4 and of the atrium in the same year.

Future redevelopment
A major redevelopment of Glorietta is being done in phases since the first quarter of 2024. It will feature layout changes, along with new interiors and exteriors, and increase its gross leasable area (GLA) by 10 percent. It is expected to be completed in 2026. Ayala Malls has tapped Australian architectural firm Buchan for the redesign of Glorietta.

Features
Glorietta, located in Ayala Center, has a GLA of 250000 sqm, making it the ninth largest shopping mall in the Philippines in terms of GLA, tied with Greenbelt. It is divided into five sections: the contiguous Glorietta 1, 2, 3, and 4 and the fully detached Glorietta 5. Glorietta 1 to 4 features up to five levels of retail. Glorietta 5 has three retail levels and five levels of BPO offices. Although detached above, it connects to the rest of Glorietta through a pedestrian underpass at Basement 1. Level 2 walkways link Glorietta to SM Makati and The Landmark. Basement and elevated connections to One Ayala are pending, and previous links to the former Park Square 1 and Park Square 2 existed before the 2010–12 redevelopment. Adjacent parks are Glorietta 3 Park, Dolphin Park, Palm Promenade, and Terraces Square.

Glorietta 3 is home to clubs and restaurants (including Hard Rock Cafe) and international luxury labels. Glorietta 4 is home to seven cinemas, Food Choices food court, Rustan's Department Store (shared with the adjacent Rustan's Makati building), and The Marketplace supermarket (also shared with Rustan's Makati). Glorietta 5 is home to Uniqlo's largest Southeast Asian branch and the Makati church of Christ's Commission Fellowship.

"Top of the Glo" is an al fresco roof deck attraction featuring Japan Town (under Mitsubishi's partnership), K-Park, and the Omniverse Museum at the fourth level of Glorietta 1 and 2. Its retail area has a GLA of 2,500 sqm. An atrium is situated at the center of the contiguous Glorietta, as well as an activity center positioned between Glorietta 1 and 2, facing the Palm Drive entrance. Both spaces are frequently utilized for hosting events.

Hotels and office buildings
Above the contiguous Glorietta stand office buildings such as Glorietta 1 Corporate Center and Glorietta 2 Corporate Center, as well as hotels such as Holiday Inn & Suites Makati and Ascott Makati. Those buildings are all accessible at Glorietta's ground level, with Holiday Inn & Suites Makati accessible through the fourth level as well.

Parking
Glorietta is supported by three levels of basement parking shared with the aforementioned hotels, interconnected with the basement parking of the adjacent Park Terraces residential complex and Terraces Square. It is also served by other distinct parking facilities nearby, such as The Link, 6750 Steel Carpark, 6750 Ayala Avenue Office Tower, Park Square, and One Ayala's basement parking, which is planned for connection to Glorietta's.

2000 bombing
On May 17, 2000, thirteen (13) people were injured in an explosion at Glorietta 2. Police said the blast (by a homemade explosive) originated from a restroom of a restaurant and affected a nearby branch of Timezone, a game arcade center, as well as the ceiling of the bridge connecting Glorietta 2 to the then Park Square 2. Two rival gangs were seen fighting near the restaurant shortly before the blast occurred.

Oakwood mutiny (July 27, 2003)
Magdalo soldiers led by Lt. Sr. Grade Antonio Trillanes IV took control of the Oakwood Premier. Glorietta, where the hotel stood, was also closed during the siege.

2007 explosion (October 19, 2007)
An explosion in Glorietta 2 killed eleven people and injured a hundred others. Initially, authorities termed it a liquefied petroleum gas explosion in a restaurant, but later began investigating the possibility that the explosion may have been a C-4 bomb. The explosion destroyed much of Glorietta 2's main lobby and vehicles parked outside. Several days later, October 23, 2007, senior government officials expressed "a high level of certainty" that the explosion was an accident, but the bomb theory has not been totally ruled out. This was brought on by the inability of experts to find bomb components after four days of rigorous investigation. It is believed that the explosion was caused by underground structures in the mall that might have triggered the blast, pending further investigation.

Fire incidents

 * October 21, 2007: A fire broke out at noon PHT (GMT+8) in the kitchen of one of the restaurants in Glorietta 4, not affected by the 2007 Glorietta blast two days earlier. It was put out by firemen an hour later.
 * November 20, 2016: At around 8 in the evening PHT, a fire struck a restaurant in Glorietta 3 right above the Gold's Gym branch, without injuries or casualties.
 * April 10, 2017: A minor fire broke out at the Glorietta 2 roof deck past 6 in the evening PST. A fire out was declared less than 25 minutes later. There were no reported injuries.
 * May 19, 2019: A minor fire incident occurred at a milk tea shop being renovated at Glorietta 2 at between 5:59pm and 6:20pm PST. Bureau of Fire Protection declared a fire out at 6:31pm. The incident left one injured.

title: Glorietta


text: User talk:204.128.70.65

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:204.128.70.65


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Oxide mineral

The oxide mineral class includes those minerals in which the oxide anion (O2−) is bonded to one or more metal alloys. The hydroxide-bearing minerals are typically included in the oxide class. Minerals with complex anion groups such as the silicates, sulfates, carbonates and phosphates are classed separately.

Simple oxides

 * XO form
 * Periclase group
 * Periclase MgO
 * Manganosite MnO
 * Zincite group
 * Zincite ZnO
 * Bromellite BeO
 * Tenorite CuO
 * Litharge PbO

 * X2O form
 * Cuprite Cu2O
 * Ice H2O

 * X2O3 form
 * Hematite group
 * Corundum Al2O3
 * Hematite Fe2O3
 * Ilmenite FeTiO3

 * XO2 form
 * Rutile group
 * Rutile TiO2
 * Pyrolusite MnO2
 * Cassiterite SnO2
 * Baddeleyite ZrO2
 * Uraninite UO2
 * Thorianite ThO2

 * XY2O4 form
 * Spinel group
 * Spinel MgAl2O4
 * Gahnite ZnAl2O4
 * Magnetite Fe3O4 (Fe^{2+}Fe^{3+}2O4)
 * Franklinite (Zn,Fe,Mn)(Fe,Mn)2O4
 * Chromite FeCr2O4
 * Chrysoberyl BeAl2O4
 * Columbite (Fe,Mn)(Nb,Ta)2O6

 * Hydroxide subgroup:
 * Brucite Mg(OH)2
 * Manganite MnO(OH)
 * Romanèchite BaMn^{2+}Mn^{4+}8O16(OH)4
 * Goethite group:
 * Diaspore αAlO(OH)
 * Goethite αFeO(OH)

Nickel–Strunz class 4: oxides
IMA-CNMNC proposes a new hierarchical scheme (Mills et al., 2009). This list uses it to modify the Nickel–Strunz classification (mindat.org, 10 ed, pending publication).

 * Abbreviations:
 * "*": discredited (IMA/CNMNC status)
 * "?": questionable/doubtful (IMA/CNMNC status)
 * "REE": Rare-earth element (Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu)
 * "PGE": Platinum-group element (Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt)
 * 03.C Aluminofluorides, 06 Borates, 08 Vanadates (04.H V[5,6] Vanadates), 09 Silicates:
 * Neso: insular (from νησος)
 * Soro: grouping (from σωροῦ; heap, mound (especially of corn))
 * Cyclo: ring
 * Ino: chain (from ις [genitive: ινος], fibre)
 * Phyllo: sheet (from φύλλον)
 * Tekto: three-dimensional framework
 * Nickel–Strunz code scheme: NN.XY.##x
 * NN: Nickel–Strunz mineral class number
 * X: Nickel–Strunz mineral division letter
 * Y: Nickel–Strunz mineral family letter
 * ## x: Nickel–Strunz mineral/group number, x add-on letter

Class: oxides

 * 04.A Metal:Oxygen = 2.1 and 1:1
 * 04.AA Cation:Anion (M:O) = 2:1 (and 1.8:1): 05 Ice, 10 Cuprite, 15 Paramelaconite
 * 04.AB M:O = 1:1 (and up to 1:1.25); with small to medium-sized cations only: 05 Crednerite, 10 Tenorite; 15 Delafossite, 15 Mcconnellite; 20 Bromellite, 20 Zincite; 25 Lime, 25 Bunsenite, 25 Monteponite, 25 Manganosite, 25 Periclase, 25 Wüstite
 * 04.AC M:O = 1:1 (and up to 1:1.25); with large cations (± smaller ones): 05 Swedenborgite; 10 Brownmillerite, 10 Srebrodolskite; 15 Montroydite, 20 Litharge, 20 Romarchite, 25 Massicot
 * 04.B Metal:Oxygen = 3:4 and similar
 * 04.BA With small and medium-sized cations: 05 Chrysoberyl, 10 Manganostibite
 * 04.BB With only medium-sized cations: 05 Filipstadite, 05 Donathite?, 05 Gahnite, 05 Galaxite, 05 Hercynite, 05 Spinel, 05 Cochromite, 05 Chromite, 05 Magnesiochromite, 05 Manganochromite, 05 Nichromite, 05 Zincochromite, 05 Magnetite, 05 Cuprospinel, 05 Franklinite, 05 Jacobsite, 05 Magnesioferrite, 05 Trevorite, 05 Brunogeierite, 05 Coulsonite, 05 Magnesiocoulsonite, 05 Qandilite, 05 Ulvospinel, 05 Vuorelainenite; 10 Hydrohetaerolite, 10 Hausmannite, 10 Iwakiite, 10 Hetaerolite; 15 Maghemite, 20 Tegengrenite, 25 Xieite
 * 04.BC With medium-sized and large cations: 05 Marokite, 10 Dmitryivanovite
 * 04.BD With only large cations: 05 Minium
 * 04.C Metal:Oxygen = 2:3, 3:5, and Similar
 * 04.CB With medium-sized cations: 05 Tistarite, 05 Auroantimonate*, 05 Brizziite-VII, 05 Brizziite-III, 05 Corundum, 05 Eskolaite, 05 Hematite, 05 Karelianite, 05 Geikielite, 05 Ecandrewsite, 05 Ilmenite, 05 Pyrophanite, 05 Melanostibite, 05 Romanite*; 10 Bixbyite, 10 Avicennite; 15 Armalcolite, 15 Mongshanite*, 15 Pseudobrookite; 20 Magnesiohogbomite-6N6S, 20 Magnesiohogbomite-2N3S, 20 Magnesiohogbomite-2N2S, 20 Zincohogbomite-2N2S, 20 Ferrohogbomite-2N2S; 25 Pseudorutile, 25 Ilmenorutile; 30 Oxyvanite, 30 Berdesinskiite; 35 Olkhonskite, 35 Schreyerite; 40 Kamiokite, 40 Nolanite, 40 Rinmanite; 45 Stibioclaudetite, 45 Claudetite; 50 Arsenolite, 50 Senarmontite; 55 Valentinite, 60 Bismite, 65 Sphaerobismoite, 70 Sillenite, 75 Kyzylkumite
 * 04.CC With large and medium-sized cations: 05 Chrombismite, 10 Freudenbergite, 15 Grossite, 20 Mayenite, 25 Yafsoanite; 30 Barioperovskite, 30 Lakargiite, 30 Natroniobite, 30 Latrappite, 30 Lueshite, 30 Perovskite; 35 Macedonite, 35 Isolueshite, 35 Loparite-(Ce), 35 Tausonite; 40 Crichtonite, 40 Dessauite, 40 Davidite-(Ce), 40 Davidite-(La), 40 Mathiasite, 40 Lindsleyite, 40 Landauite, 40 Loveringite, 40 Loveringite, 40 Cleusonite, 40 Gramaccioliite-(Y); 45 Hawthorneite, 45 Magnetoplumbite, 45 Haggertyite, 45 Batiferrite, 45 Hibonite, 45 Nezilovite, 45 Yimengite, 45 Diaoyudaoite, 45 Lindqvistite, 45 Plumboferrite; 50 Jeppeite, 55 Zenzenite, 60 Mengxianminite*
 * 04.D Metal:Oxygen = 1:2 and similar
 * 04.DA With small cations
 * (moved to -09- Subclass: tektosilicates)
 * 04.DB With medium-sized cations; chains of edge-sharing octahedra: 05 Tripuhyite, 05 Tugarinovite, 05 Varlamoffite*, 05 Argutite, 05 Cassiterite, 05 Rutile, 05 Pyrolusite, 05 Plattnerite, 05 Squawcreekite?; 10 Bystromite, 10 Ordonezite, 10 Tapiolite-(Fe), 10 Tapiolite-(Mn), 10 Tapiolite*, 15a Paramontroseite, 15a Ramsdellite, 15b Akhtenskite, 15c Nsutite; 20 Scrutinyite; 25 Ixiolite, 25 Ishikawaite, 25 Srilankite, 25 Samarskite-(Y), 25 Samarskite-(Yb), 25 Yttrocolumbite-(Y); 30 Heftetjernite, 30 Wolframoixiolite*, 30 Krasnoselskite*, 30 Ferberite, 30 Hubnerite, 30 Sanmartinite, 30 Wolframite*; 35 Tantalite-(Mg), 35 Tantalite-(Fe), 35 Tantalite-(Mn), 35 Columbite-(Mg), 35 Columbite-(Fe), 35 Columbite-(Mn), 35 Qitianlingite; 40 Ferrowodginite, 40 Lithiotantite, 40 Lithiowodginite, 40 Tantalowodginite*, 40 Titanowodginite, 40 Wodginite, 40 Ferrotitanowodginite; 45 Tivanite, 50 Carmichaelite, 55 Alumotantite, 60 Biehlite
 * 04.DC With medium-sized cations; sheets of edge-sharing octahedra: 05 Bahianite, 10 Simpsonite
 * 04.DD With medium-sized cations; frameworks of edge-sharing octahedra: 05 Anatase, 10 Brookite
 * 04.DE With medium-sized cations; with various polyhedra: 05 Downeyite, 10 Koragoite; 15 Koechlinite, 15 Russellite, 15 Tungstibite; 20 Tellurite, 25 Paratellurite; 30 Cervantite, 30 Bismutotantalite, 30 Bismutocolumbite, 30 Clinocervantite, 30 Stibiocolumbite, 30 Stibiotantalite; 35 IMA2007-058, 35 Baddeleyite
 * 04.DF With large (± medium-sized) cations; dimers and trimers of edge-sharing octahedra: 05 Nioboaeschynite-(Y), 05 Aeschynite-(Ce), 05 Aeschynite-(Nd), 05 Aeschynite-(Y), 05 Nioboaeschynite-(Ce), 05 Nioboaeschynite-(Nd), 05 Tantalaeschynite-(Y), 05 Rynersonite, 05 Vigezzite, 10 Changbaiite, 15 Murataite
 * 04.DG With large (± medium-sized) cations; chains of edge-sharing octahedra: 05 Euxenite-(Y), 05 Loranskite-(Y), 05 Polycrase-(Y), 05 Uranopolycrase, 05 Fersmite, 05 Kobeite-(Y), 05 Tanteuxenite-(Y), 05 Yttrocrasite-(Y); 10 Fergusonite-beta-(Nd), 10 Fergusonite-beta-(Y), 10 Fergusonite-beta-(Ce), 10 Yttrotantalite-(Y); 15 Foordite, 15 Thoreaulite; 20 Raspite
 * 04.DH With large (± medium-sized) cations; sheets of edge-sharing octahedra:
 * IMA/CNMNC revised the Pyrochlore supergroup 2010 (04.DH.15 and 04.DH.20)
 * 05 Brannerite, 05 Orthobrannerite, 05 Thorutite; 10 Kassite, 10 Lucasite-(Ce)
 * Pyrochlore group: Fluorcalciopyrochlore, Fluorkenopyrochlore, Fluornatropyrochlore, Fluorstrontiopyrochlore, Hydropyrochlore, Hydroxycalciopyrochlore, Kenoplumbopyrochlore, Oxycalciopyrochlore, Oxynatropyrochlore, Oxyplumbopyrochlore, Oxyyttropyrochlore-(Y)
 * Microlite group: Fluorcalciomicrolite, Fluornatromicrolite, Hydrokenomicrolite, Hydromicrolite, Hydroxykenomicrolite, Kenoplumbomicrolite, Oxycalciomicrolite, Oxystannomicrolite, Oxystibiomicrolite
 * Romeite group: Cuproromeite, Fluorcalcioromeite, Fluornatroromeite, Hydroxycalcioromeite, Oxycalcioromeite, Oxyplumboromeite, Stibiconite
 * Betafite group: Calciobetafite, Oxyuranobetafite
 * Elsmoreite group: Hydrokenoelsmoreite
 * 25 Rosiaite; 30 Zirconolite-3O, 30 Zirconolite-3T, 30 Zirconolite-2M, 30 Zirconolite; 35 Liandratite, 35 Petscheckite; 40 Ingersonite, 45 Pittongite
 * Discredited minerals 04.DH.15: Bariomicrolite (of Hogarth 1977), Bariopyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977), Betafite (of Hogarth 1977), Bismutomicrolite (of Hogarth 1977), Ceriopyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977), Jixianite, Natrobistantite, Plumbomicrolite (of Hogarth 1977), Plumbobetafite (of Hogarth 1977), Stannomicrolite (of Hogarth 1977), Stibiobetafite (of Černý et al.), Yttrobetafite (of Hogarth 1977), Yttropyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977), Bismutopyrochlore (of Chukanov et al.) and Bismutostibiconite 04.DH.20
 * 04.DJ With large (± medium-sized) cations; polyhedral frameworks: 05 Calciotantite, 05 Irtyshite, 05 Natrotantite
 * 04.DK With large (± medium-sized) cations; tunnel structures: 05 Ankangite, 05 Coronadite, 05 Hollandite, 05 Manjiroite, 05 Mannardite, 05 Redledgeite, 05 Priderite, 05 Henrymeyerite, 05 Akaganeite, 10 Cryptomelane, 10 Romanechite, 10 Strontiomelane, 10 Todorokite
 * 04.DL With large (± medium-sized) cations; fluorite-type structures: 05 Cerianite-(Ce), 05 Zirkelite, 05 Thorianite, 05 Uraninite; 10 Calzirtite, 10 Hiarneite, 10 Tazheranite
 * 04.DM With large (± medium-sized) cations; unclassified: 05 Sosedkoite, 05 Rankamaite; 15 Cesplumtantite, 20 Eyselite, 25 Kuranakhite
 * 04.E Metal:Oxygen = < 1:2
 * 04.E: IMA2008-040
 * 04.EA Oxides with metal : oxygen < 1:2 (M2O5, MO3): 05 Tantite, 10 Krasnogorite*, 10 Molybdite
 * 04.X Unclassified Strunz Oxides
 * 04.XX Unknown: 00 Allendeite, 00 Ashanite?, 00 Hongquiite*, 00 Psilomelane?, 00 Uhligite?, 00 Clinobirnessite*, 00 Kleberite*, 00 Chubutite*, 00 Struverite?, 00 IMA2000-016, 00 IMA2000-026

Class: hydroxides

 * 04.F Hydroxides (without V or U)
 * 04.FA Hydroxides with OH, without H2O; corner-sharing tetrahedra: 05a Behoite, 05b Clinobehoite; 10 Sweetite, 10 Wulfingite, 10 Ashoverite
 * 04.FB Hydroxides with OH, without H2O; insular octahedra: 05 Shakhovite; 10 Cualstibite, 10 Zincalstibite
 * 04.FC Hydroxides with OH, without H2O; corner-sharing octahedra: 05 Dzhalindite, 05 Sohngeite, 05 Bernalite; 10 Burtite, 10 Mushistonite, 10 Natanite, 10 Vismirnovite, 10 Schoenfliesite, 10 Wickmanite; 15 Jeanbandyite, 15 Mopungite, 15 Stottite; 15 Tetrawickmanite; 20 Ferronigerite-6N6S, 20 Ferronigerite-2N1S, 20 Magnesionigerite-6N6S, 20 Magnesionigerite-2N1S; 25 Magnesiotaaffeite-6N3S, 25 Magnesiotaaffeite-2N2S, 25 Ferrotaaffeite-6N3S
 * 04.FD Hydroxides with OH, without H2O; chains of edge-sharing octahedra: 05 Spertiniite; 10 Bracewellite, 10 Diaspore, 10 Guyanaite, 10 Groutite, 10 Goethite, 10 Montroseite, 10 Tsumgallite; 15 Manganitev; 20 Cerotungstite-(Ce), 20 Yttrotungstite-(Y), 20 Yttrotungstite-(Ce); 25 Frankhawthorneite; 30 Khinite, 30 Parakhinite
 * 04.FE Hydroxides with OH, without H2O; sheets of edge-sharing octahedra: 05 Amakinite, 05 Brucite, 05 Portlandite, 05 Pyrochroite, 05 Theophrastite, 05 Fougerite; 10 Bayerite, 10 Doyleite, 10 Gibbsite, 10 Nordstrandite; 15 Boehmite, 15 Lepidocrocite; 20 Grimaldiite, 20 Heterogenite-2H, 20 Heterogenite-3R; 25 Feitknechtite, 25 Lithiophorite; 30 Quenselite, 35 Ferrihydrite; 40 Feroxyhyte, 40 Vernadite; 45 Quetzalcoatlite
 * 04.FF Hydroxides with OH, without H2O; various polyhedra: 05 Hydroromarchite
 * 04.FG Hydroxides with OH, without H2O; unclassified: 05 Janggunite, 10 Cesarolite, 15 Kimrobinsonite
 * 04.FH Hydroxides with H2O ± (OH); insular octahedra: 05 Bottinoite, 05 Brandholzite
 * 04.FJ Hydroxides with H2O ± (OH); corner-sharing octahedra: 05 Sidwillite, 05 Meymacite; 10 Tungstite; 15 Ilsemannite, 15 Hydrotungstite; 20 Parabariomicrolite
 * 04.FK Hydroxides with H2O ± (OH); chains of edge-sharing octahedra: 05 Bamfordite
 * 04.FL Hydroxides with H2O ± (OH); sheets of edge-sharing octahedra: 05 Meixnerite, 05 Jamborite, 05 Iowaite, 05 Woodallite, 05 Akdalaite, 05 Muskoxite; 10 Hydrocalumite, 15 Kuzelite; 20 Aurorite, 20 Chalcophanite, 20 Ernienickelite, 20 Jianshuiite; 25 Woodruffite, 30 Asbolane; 40 Takanelite, 40 Rancieite; 45 Birnessite, 55 Cianciulliite, 60 Jensenite, 65 Leisingite, 75 Cafetite, 80 Mourite, 85 Deloryite
 * 04.FM Hydroxides with H2O ± (OH); Unclassified: 15 Franconite, 15 Hochelagaite, 15 Ternovite; 25 Belyankinite, 25 Gerasimovskite, 25 Manganbelyankinite; 30 Silhydrite, 35 Cuzticite, 40 Cyanophyllite
 * 04.FN: 05 Menezesite
 * 04.G Uranyl Hydroxides
 * 04.GA Without additional cations: IMA2008-022; 05 Metaschoepite, 05 Paraschoepite, 05 Schoepite; 10 Ianthinite; 15 Metastudtite, 15 Studtite
 * 04.GB With additional cations (K, Ca, Ba, Pb, etc.); with mainly UO2(O,OH)5 pentagonal polyhedra: 05 Compreignacite, 05 Agrinierite, 05 Rameauite; 10 Billietite, 10 Becquerelite, 10 Protasite; 15 Richetite; 20 Calciouranoite, 20 Bauranoite, 20 Metacalciouranoite; 25 Fourmarierite, 30 Wolsendorfite, 35 Masuyite; 40 Metavandendriesscheite, 40 Vandendriesscheite; 45 Vandenbrandeite, 50 Sayrite, 55 Curite, 60 Iriginite, 65 Uranosphaerite, 70 Holfertite
 * 04.GC With additional cations; with UO2(O,OH)6 hexagonal polyhedra: 05 Clarkeite, 10 Umohoite, 15 Spriggite
 * 04.H V[5,6] Vanadates
 * (moved to -08- Class: vanadates)
 * 04.I Ice group
 * 04.X Unclassified Strunz Oxides (Hydroxides)
 * 04.XX Unknown: 00 Ungursaite*, 00 Scheteligite?

title: Oxide mineral


text: Hitchment

title: Hitchment


text:
Bertie Hill

Albert "Bertie" Edwin Hill (7 February 1927 – 5 August 2005) was a British equestrian who competed at three Olympic Games.

After serving in the Home Guard during the Second World War, Hill became an amateur jockey in point-to-point racing. He went on to represent Britain in three-day eventing, winning a gold medal at the 1956 games in Stockholm along with a host of other international trophies.

In the 1960s, Hill and his wife opened a riding school at Rapscott on Exmoor, training a number of future international riders including Princess Anne and Captain Mark Phillips.

title: Bertie Hill


text: User talk:83.16.135.150

title: User talk:83.16.135.150


text:
Júlia da Silva Bruhns

Júlia da Silva Bruhns (14 August 1851 – 11 March 1923) was the wife of the Lübeck senator and grain merchant Thomas Johann Heinrich Mann, and also mother of writers Thomas Mann and Heinrich Mann.

Biography
Júlia, a Roman Catholic, was born in Paraty, Brazil, the daughter of a German farmer Johann Ludwig Herman Bruhns and Brazilian Maria Luísa da Silva, the daughter of a Portuguese immigrant and a lady who also had South American Indigenous blood. Júlia's father owned several sugar cane plantations between Santos and Rio de Janeiro. Her mother died in childbirth at 28 when Júlia was six. She had three brothers and one sister. One year after her mother's death, her father decided to send his children back to Germany. They lived in Lübeck, where Júlia had an uncle. At six, Júlia didn’t speak a word of German. She stayed in a boarding school until she was 14 years old, while her father was back in Brazil caring for the farms.

After the death of her husband and as consequence of a bladder surgery, Júlia went to live in Munich with her children.

She wrote an autobiographical work called Aus Dodos Kindheit, in which she described her idyllic childhood in Brazil.

Her sons Heinrich and Thomas created characters inspired by her in several of their books, referring to her South American blood and passionate artistic temperament. Thomas Mann describes Júlia as "Portuguese-Creole Brazilian". In Buddenbrooks she was the inspiration for Gerda Arnoldsen and Toni Buddenbrook. In Doktor Faustus, she became the wife of Senator Rodde. In Tonio Kröger, she was the mother, Consuelo. In Death in Venice, she appears as the mother of the protagonist, Gustav von Aschenbach.

Personal life
She married Thomas Johann Heinrich Mann in 1869. She was 17, he 29. They had five children: Heinrich (Luís), Thomas (Paulo), Julia (Elisabeth Therese/Lula), Carla (Augusta Olga Maria), and Viktor (Carl).

Her two daughters both committed suicide: Carla poisoned herself in 1910, and Lula hanged herself in 1927.

Death
In her later years Júlia moved frequently and lived mostly in hotels. She died in a hotel room in Weßling, Bavaria, watched over by her three sons.

title: Júlia da Silva Bruhns


text:
Rhys Evans

Rhys Karl Evans (born 27 January 1982) is an English former professional footballer and goalkeeper coach. He played as a goalkeeper, who won two England under-21 caps.

Born in Swindon, Wiltshire, he began his career with Chelsea, where he stayed five years without playing a game, but had loan spells at three other clubs. In 2003, he moved to his hometown club Swindon Town, where he ended up playing more than 100 games in three seasons. In his final season at Swindon, he won all the club's player of the season awards, but following their relegation to Football League Two, he turned down a new contract offer and instead signed for Blackpool. However, he fell out of favour after less than a year with Blackpool, and initially moved to Bradford City on loan, before he returned to London, with Millwall on a short-term contract. After his contract was not extended, he returned to Bradford City. Despite keeping 17 clean sheets, he left at the end of his first season and moved on to Bristol Rovers and Southend United.

Chelsea
Evans started his career in 1998 at Chelsea, with whom he stayed until he was released 2003, having never played a single game. During his time at the club he was sent out on loan to Bristol Rovers in February 2000, with whom he played four games; Queens Park Rangers from November 2001 to April 2002, making eleven appearances; and Leyton Orient from August to November 2002, playing seven games. He also had a spell on trial with AFC Bournemouth before the start of the 2002–03 season, where he impressed, but instead opted to join Leyton Orient.

Swindon Town
In August 2003, Evans attracted interest from another Premier League club Bolton Wanderers, but instead joined his local club, Swindon Town, on a free transfer. He made his debut for the club on 12 August 2003, in a League Cup match at Southend United, which Swindon won 3–2. His league debut came on 30 August 2003, in a 2–2 draw against Blackpool. He remained the club's first-choice goalkeeper for the rest of the 2003–04 season, missing just one match with a back injury. The following season, 2004–05, Evans remained the club's first-choice goalkeeper until April 2005 when he was dropped for the first time after a match against Luton Town, although he was installed back in the team after just one match out. With his contract running out at the end of the season he turned down a move to Leeds United and instead signed a one-year contract extension with Swindon.

The 2005–06 season began for Evans with a knee injury, when he was forced to play early matches in pain as the club had no back-up goalkeeper available. When Swindon signed Tom Heaton on loan from Manchester United until 2 January 2006, it allowed Evans to have exploratory surgery on the knee. He also spent time at Lilleshall rehabilitation centre before his comeback to the first team in late 2005, when he again established himself. The season ended in relegation for Swindon Town to Football League Two, and Evans won a clean sweep of all the club's "player of the season" awards.

Blackpool
With his contract again up at the end of the season, new Swindon manager Dennis Wise, offered Evans a one-year contract, which Evans turned down as he wished to play at a higher level than League Two. On 1 July 2006, he signed a two-year contract with Blackpool on a free transfer.

Evans made 39 consecutive appearances in the 2006–07 league season. On 27 February 2006, he was dropped by Blackpool manager Simon Grayson in favour of then on-loan Paul Rachubka for a match at Oldham Athletic, in which Rachubka kept a clean sheet in a 1–0 win. In April 2007, Evans picked up a hernia injury that required surgery. This kept him out of the side until May. Both the on-loan Rachubka and Blackpool's third-choice keeper, Lewis Edge, also suffered concurrent injuries, which led to Blackpool bringing in Manchester City's Joe Hart on loan as an emergency stand-in.

Following promotion to the Football League championship, Rachubka, who by then had signed permanently for the club, remained the first-choice goalkeeper. Evans's only appearances in the first part of the 2007–08 season came in the League Cup against Premier League club Derby County on 28 August 2007, which Blackpool won on penalties after the game ended 2–2 in extra time, and then in the next round of the same competition against Southend United which Blackpool won 2–1 after extra time.

On 5 October 2007, Blackpool sent Evans on a month's loan to League Two club Bradford City in order to help him resurrect his career. He made his debut for Bradford against Milton Keynes Dons, his first start in the league since February. However, after just four games, he returned to Blackpool following an injury to his left shoulder, sustained in a 1–1 draw with Grimsby Town on 27 October 2007. While he was at Bradford, Evans had created controversy after publicly criticising the Blackpool fans in an interview with the Telegraph & Argus. He was warned by Blackpool manager Simon Grayson that he would have to accept "whatever comes his way" when he returned to Blackpool.

Millwall
On 22 January 2008, Evans signed for Millwall on a free transfer until the end of the 2007–08 season. He conceded two late goals on his Millwall debut as they lost a two-goal lead to draw 2–2 with Nottingham Forest. Evans played 21 league games and one FA Cup game for Millwall during the season, and although Millwall eventually avoided relegation, manager Kenny Jackett decided not to extend Evans's contract beyond the 2007–08 season.

Bradford City
In July 2008, he was given another chance to shine at Bradford City when he was offered a trial by manager Stuart McCall. He played several pre-season friendlies, before he signed a one-year contract on 1 August 2008 ahead of the 2008–09 season. Evans made his debut in the opening game of the season as City won 2–1 against Notts County when he pulled off a number of saves to ensure victory. He was a regular in the City side ahead of understudy Jonathan McLaughlin and earned praise from his manager McCall for one save against Rotherham United, which earned comparison to one made by former England international David Seaman. At the turn of the year, Evans kept four consecutive clean sheets—one short of a club record—before he conceded a deflected free-kick against Accrington Stanley. The run of form prompted Evans to seek a longer contract with the club. The 2008–09 season also saw Evans break his personal record for clean sheets in a season. Evans was an ever-present in the City team during league and cup and was expected to miss his first game in February after he injured his thigh in a game against Darlington. However, after reserve keeper Jonathan McLaughlin suffered concussion in a reserve game, Evans continued to play with a thigh strain. He was released from his contract on 6 May 2009 after the club had to lower the wage budget

Bristol Rovers
Evans had a trial with Bristol Rovers, eventually signing a short-term contract. This is his second spell at Rovers, having featured in 2000 on loan from Chelsea. He made his second debut against Aldershot Town in the first round of the League Cup. He let in one from a penalty, although he also made several vital saves to secure Rovers' passage through. He played because Steve Phillips was in Turkey discussing a move there but rejected a contract and Newcastle would not let Fraser Forster play as he is on loan from the Magpies. He also played in the following round's tie at Cardiff City, as Forster was cup-tied and Steve Phillips has been put on the transfer list, a 2–1 league defeat at Wycombe and a JPT defeat at Hereford.

On the 2009 transfer deadline day, he signed a new one-year deal,

Evans made eight appearances in total for Rovers, including four cup outings, before being released along with 14 other players at the end of the 2009/10 season.

Southend United
On 22 July 2010, Evans signed a one-year contract with Southend United. At the start of the season, Evans found himself second choice behind Glenn Morris. He made his debut in the Football League Trophy game against Gillingham on 31 August 2010. Evans had to wait until 1 January 2011, to make his league debut for the club in a 2–0 victory over Oxford United.

Evans was told that he would not receive a further deal at Southend in May 2011, one of five players to be released by the club.

Staines Town
Evans spent part of the 2011–12 campaign following his release training with Conference National side Forest Green Rovers. He then joined Conference South outfit Staines Town and remained at the club until the end of the 2011–12 season.

Exeter City
On 18 June 2012, Exeter City announced Evans had signed for the club on a one-year contract. On 30 April 2013, he was released by the Exeter due to the expiry of his contract.

Hereford United
Evans agreed to join Hereford United on 1 August 2013 following a successful trial.

Coaching career
On 21 May 2015, The Hereford Times reported that Evans had agreed to join Hereford as a coach, taking coaching sessions once a week. During his time with the Bulls he played for Wimborne Town alongside his coaching responsibilities. Evans was registered as a player at Edgar Street in March 2018. He left the club in October 2018, shortly after the departure of Peter Beadle.

In February 2019, Evans signed for Hellenic Football League side Royal Wootton Bassett Town. In June 2019, he joined Swindon Supermarine as goalkeeping coach. He has also coached at Salisbury.

On 1 October 2020, Evans joined Barnet as goalkeeping coach, once again linking up with Peter Beadle and Steve Jenkins. He left in December 2020 following Beadle's departure.

International career
Evans represented England at Under 18 and Under 20 level, before he made his debut for the England Under 21 team in 2003 against Serbia and Montenegro but was stretchered off with a back injury to be replaced by Stephen Bywater. In September 2003, he declined a second chance to play for the Under 21s preferring to work on establishing himself as Swindon Town first-choice goalkeeper.

Honours

 * Blackpool
 * League One play-off final winner: 2006–07

title: Rhys Evans


text:
Rubber band gun

A rubber band gun is a toy gun used to fire one or more rubber bands (or "elastic bands").

Rubber band guns are often used in live-action games such as Assassins, in which they are common and popular toy weapons. They are also common in offices and classrooms. Rubber band guns have been popular toys that date back to the invention of rubber bands, which were patented in England on March 17, 1845 by Stephen Perry.

Clothespin

Clothespin rubber band guns are the simplest form of RBGs, being very easy to produce. Its firing mechanism consists solely of a clothespin with a rubber band placed between its jaws. The gun may have more than one clothespin, thereby allowing multiple shots.

Repeating
Most rubber band guns are of repeating nature, giving the user more firepower than single shot designs. They range from step-up-action guns and single rotor semi autos, to removable magazine automatic weapons. To simulate real life repeaters, there have been designs that require users to operate a bolt, pump a pump, pull back a hammer, or rack a slide. These may be impractical against other automatic rubber band guns, but give the user the psychological response of real firearms. Most repeaters fall into one of two categories:

Escapement
Escapement rubber band guns are capable of firing at least three rubber bands when fully loaded. Escapement rubber band guns are available in semi-realistic shapes, including pistols, rifles, and shotguns. They form the basis of almost all automatic rubber band gun systems.

They are usually made of wood (although many Lego-based designs have been produced), and most have a strong machined plastic firing mechanism, consisting of a rotor where bands are hooked, and an escapement mechanism that lets the rotor rotate one position, releasing a rubber band. In Lego designs, a gear is commonly used in place of a conventional rotor, and due to how fine the teeth on the gear are, the escapement allows a rotation of more than one tooth, requiring rubber bands to be loaded a set number of teeth apart.

Automatic
Fully automatic rubber band guns are similar to automatic firearms, in that the gun's mechanism is powered by the projectile (in the case of automatic rubber band guns, the potential energy stored in the stretched rubber band). Many mechanisms have been devised by various online designers such as:

 * A modified releaser that simply lets to rotor spin freely when sad, and a weighted delay piece to keep the rate of fire practical. This system suffers from weight, low capacity, reduced power, and a high rate of fire, but is very simple.
 * A separate rotor and releaser that are activated by either a bolt or a hammer moving by the power of launched rubber bands. This may be used to simulate moving parts on real firearms, such as slides and bolts. They can also give the user a sense of recoil.

Rotary
A rubber band rotary gun consists of between 3 and 12 repeater RBGs arranged on a cylindrical "rotor" as barrels. The rotor rotates with either a crank or a motor, and each individual barrel is fired as it reaches the top of its locus. The original tripod-mounted rubber band rotary gun, patented by Surefire Products, was featured on the Gadget Show on UK television in March 2007 and January 2010.

A twelve-barrel rotary gun using twelve-shot repeater mechanisms can fire 144 rubber bands automatically. It is fired by manually rotating a crank handle and pulling a firing trigger.

Motorized RBGs with rotary barrels are among the latest developments in the world of rubber band guns. In November 2007, Anthony Smith completed the Disintegrator, a 288-shot motorized rubber band gun with 2 12-barrel counter-rotating rotors. This gun can be mounted on a tripod or fired from the hip, and can fire more than 40 rounds per second.

There are two common versions of the rubber band rotary gun mechanism:

String-operated
A rotor with a pre-prepared string spooled around it pulls off rubber bands one-by-one as it is unwound from the rotor and off the barrel. The string is wound around one barrel, then a rubber band placed on that barrel, then the next barrel, and so on until the string can be pulled and the bands fired.

Escapement
Each barrel has an escapement mechanism on it with a releaser that is pressed once the barrel reaches a certain point.

Materials
Rubber band guns can be created with many different media balancing ease of construction, reliability, and capacity:

Wood
The majority of lasting, reliable rubber band guns are made of machined wood. Among the most popular wooden RBG designers are parabellum1262, who has developed magazine-fed automatic and select-fire designs, and oggcraft, known for his unique firing mechanisms.

Popsicle sticks
Rubber band guns can be made from Popsicle sticks. The individual sticks are held together by either rubber bands, tape or glue. They can also be cut or carved to the required shape. It is generally limited to pistols and sniper rifles, as only one or two shots can be loaded on most guns, but semi-automatic ice-cream stick guns have been made by determined amateurs. They can also be adapted to fire arrows or other small objects with the rubber bands. In some guns, the handle doubles as a trigger, but having a separate trigger and handle provides much better accuracy.

Rubber band guns can be made using only Popsicle sticks, staples, and rubber bands of various styles and sizes. This specialized technique developed and honed by then-high school student Stuart A. Burton is very malleable and can be utilized to develop very advanced and complicated rubber band guns. For instance, using levers and sliding mechanisms, one can make a pump-action shotgun. Using simple geometry and specialized positioning, one can easily make semi-automatic and 2-shot burst-fire weapons, as well as more complicated fully automatic weapons using paperclips as an axis for a rotating firing piece. Occasionally, other materials (like bamboo skewers, for instance) may be used in the making of the gun.

Sights, foregrips and magazines to hold extra rubber bands may also be made according to the owner's preferences. Through creativity and imagination, one can make detachable sights, grips, stocks, silencers, and under-barrel shotguns or grenade launchers.

K'Nex
Rubber band guns can be built from K'Nex. Such constructions can include handheld pistols, automatics and sniper rifles. Some K'Nex guns work using the escapement mechanism seen in semi-automatic rubber band guns, while some more advanced types have hinge triggers that are more reliable, allow for more bands on a barrel, and have a more realistic trigger pull.

Lego
Most rubber band creators start out with lego, as it allows users to easily express ideas. In early 2007, Sebastian Dick built a motorized rubber band rotary gun entirely from Lego, capable of firing 11 rounds per second. Many other builders on YouTube followed suit, building string-operated miniguns, while some shoot actual bricks. Many RBGs are built out of Lego, from simple hinge guns to complex fire-rate-dampening automatic rifles. Lego rubber band gun mechanisms can also be used to launch light projectiles of various types, from small bricks and paper planes to wooden skewers. Lego rubber band guns can be quite reliable, without all the complexity of K'Nex.

It is difficult to devise a suitable, practical magazine-fed rubber band gun system out of Lego, due to the elasticity of rubber bands (which requires a mechanism to lock the retention wheel when not connected to the firing mechanism).

title: Rubber band gun


text: User talk:84.66.175.39

title: User talk:84.66.175.39


text:
User talk:Alarm/Archive 1

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --Lst27 17:01, 1 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Labor articles
I'm in, though less expert here than on African-American and Women's Studies. If you want to start something like a WikiProject -- and if we can get 4 or 5 people to do it -- I'd be up for this. If not, I suggest you create a tasklist (see Template:WikiProjectSeattleTasks for an example) and announce it on the Village Pump. That would at least help coordinate work in this area. -- Jmabel 18:02, Sep 26, 2004 (UTC)

Jmabel and Xed
I'm expecting to blow over. They both really want to work on the area so I don't see how they can stay away. I think part of the problem is the Xed changes his mind very fast and rather dramatically, so you scarce know where he is; while Jmabel is very steady in his opinions. Its taken him a while to really lose patience with Xed; and it will take him a while to get his patience back. :ChrisG 13:19, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)

limited geographic scope template
Created the template you asked for. Comments requested.
 * ChrisG 21:51, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)

CSB
Thank you for lowering the temperature in the disputes I had on WP:Bias. Since I felt passionately about the project, I felt I had to fight my corner. -- Xed 16:46, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)

CSB templates
Feel free to announce the new templates (inc the new To Do template) on Village Pump or wherever. After they're announced, I'll start adding templates to relevant articles.- Xed 23:47, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)

ILO

The syntax in your recent edit at International Labour Organization is just confused enough that I'm not absolutely sure I understand what you are saying. You wrote:

The ILO hosts an annual conference to which every government may send two delegates and one delegate representing the employers and workers organizations in the country.

I'm guessing you mean:

The ILO hosts an annual conference to which every government may send two government delegates, plus and one delegate representing the employers and one representing workers' organizations in the country.

But maybe you mean: The ILO hosts an annual conference to which every government may send two delegates, one each representing the employers and the workers' organizations in the country.

Could you please edit to one or the other of these? Thanks. -- Jmabel | Talk 17:21, Oct 19, 2004 (UTC)

 * Having listed this article at WikiProject_Countering_systemic_bias (which, by the way, you might be interested in taking a look at) I have been planning to expanded the International Labour Organization for quite a while, and seeing something happening here made me adress the issue. I have rewritten and expanded this substantually, so you can consider the question above as taken care of. However, you are of course much welcome to review what I've written and further expand on the subject. Alarm 19:46, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * The meaning is as follows. A country, can send a total of three delegates. Two of them will represent government so they are chosen by the government. One more is a person who "represents" the workers and employers unions (basically all the unions) in the country. However the "representative" of the unions may also be a government person particularly in more autocratic countries :( While this should not be so, it does happen.

 * Assuming the system works perfectly when a convention is proposed it can be voted for-against-abstain. Hence the governments collectively always have more votes then the "unions" in the ILO. Hence the measures proposed has to be quite ok for most governments else it doesn't get voted in. The problem is, despite this barrier to conventions, some countries still do not pass these conventions.

 * sorry maybe my english is weak

--Malbear 06:43, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)

U.S. embargo against Cuba
You voted for U.S. embargo against Cuba, this week's Collaboration of the week. Please come and help it become a featured-standard article.

Partition of India
You voted for Partition of India, this week's Collaboration of the week. Please come and help it become a featured-standard article.

Hello
Hi, you are doing a fine job in adding biographies of the members of the present Swedish government. BTW, I notice you have the CSB template on your user page. I have wondered where all the CSB people have been in the voting on deletion of Matthew Mankuzhikary and Bishop Sebastian Mankuzhikary. I have been trying to do whatever I can to establish their notability, but the English Wikipedia clearly lacks enough participants who know the relevant area and language. / Uppland 11:17, 17 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Multi-stubbing
I have seen cases of two stubs on some pages. It's perhaps not the most aesthetic thing, but might be useful. OTOH, one could create special stubs to cover common intersections of stub-types. I have been considering creating a Sweden-history-stub or a Sweden-bio-stub. There is a lot to do on Swedish topics here. / Uppland 20:09, 31 Jan 2005 (UTC)

PS. There is a Category:Chefs by nationality. Maybe you should create a Category:Swedish chefs for the ones you have made so far, and, obviously, the Swedish Chef! / Uppland 20:16, 31 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * If I had been Marcus Samuelsson, I would have taken such a categorization with humour, but then, I am not him. I guess the correct wikipedian way of doing it would be to create a subcategory Category:Fictional Swedish chefs, where the muppet would fit in, but I can't think of any other fictional Swedish chefs. Well Werner & Werner, perhaps, but I don't think they would be considered notable enough for the English Wikipedia. I am sure there are others, but unless they figure in Star Trek or a book by Tolkien, they are unlikely to qualify for articles.

 * Anyway, I made the category and solved the problem of including the most famous Swedish practitioner of the profession with a "see also" link above the actual categorized items. :-)

 * As for Sweden-history-stub and Sweden-politics-stub, where would you draw the line chronologically? / Uppland 13:38, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)

COTW Project
You voted for Decolonization, this week's Collaboration of the week. Please come and help it become a featured-standard article.

Adverbial phrase
What is the source for adverbial phrases being defined an phrases with an adverb as head word? Is this a usage of the term "adverbial phrase" from a particular generative grammar? The most common meaning of "adverbial phrase" is a phrase that functions as an adverb. (e.g. I edit Wikipedia for fun.) --Tabor 21:29, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Limburgish and pitch accent
I noticed that you seem to be familliar with the Limburgish language. I've commented on its talk page on the article's questionable use of the term tonal language, mentioning that I've written a draft new version of the article pitch accent at User:Alarm/Pitch accent. Since this article mentions Limburgish as an example, I would really value any input from people familliar with it. If you have the time and energy to take a look, I would appreciate any comments and/or suggestions for expansion. / Alarm 13:51, 24 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I can find no mistakes in your discussion of the Limburgish language (I know little linguistics, though). However, I don't quite understand the sentence "In this definition, a language is pitch-accented if the position of an accented syllable or mora determines the tonal pattern of the whole word (the pitch of each syllable or mora, usually high vs. low) according to a set of rules." in the section Pitch-accented languages vs tonal languages. At least for Norwegian and Limburgish, it is not only the position of the accented syllable but also the quality of the accent that determines the tonal pattern of the whole word. Finally, I'd like to urge you to move the article into the main space. -- Jitse Niesen 09:12, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

PEO
PEO is an umbrella organisation. Membership includes most left wing workers in various industries in Cyprus.Mavros 16:48, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Eurovision - competitor categorisation
Point taken about song/band discrepancy, but I do think that creating categories for individual Eurovision Song Contest years would be category bloat. Something like Eurovision contestants, Eurovision acts or Eurovision artists would provide a useful addition. Any observations or preferences? Nigosh 17:50, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * It will probably be necessary when we get articles on all the 35+ performers every year... But until then, I'm perfectly happy with a common category for all of them. I'm almost indifferent to the naming, but perhaps "contestant" is more relevant, clarifying that it is intended for those who participated in the competition. / Alarm 18:54, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Assassination vs. Murder
Check out JFK entry of Colombia Encyclopedia --Haham hanuka 19:42, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Thanks for breakfast
Thanks for you work on the breakfast article, I've asked the participants of the African regional notice board if they can help add some information about breakfast in Africa.--nixie 08:33, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Expo
Maybe this is your cup of tea: Expo (magazine). It started life as a neo-nazi rant by someone with an Israeli-sounding (!) username, User:Israel shamir, apparently identical to Israel Shamir, as he is also edit-warring over that article (make sure to check older versions if the one available when you read this is the "authorized", cleansed one). The Expo rant is taken from his own website but seems to be written by someone else. I reported it as a copyvio, but it was removed by an admin as being published with permission. Anyway, I removed the anti-semitic conspiratorial garbage and made a brief substub, but am not really familiar with Expo. Since you are knowledgeable about political things, perhaps you can take a look at this article sometime? Uppland 13:09, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * I agree that deletion before rewrite would be preferable. Maybe an attempt on VfD is appropriate before adding anything. Or if you can think of a better title for the article, maybe you can post it as a new article and make the present one a redirect, which can then be dealt with later. OTOH, it seems rather likely that he will be around again pasting this junk back into the article, so maybe it makes no difference in the end. Uppland 15:41, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Consolidation of Sweden
Sorry, I was a bit tired at the moment. I moved the section to another part of Swedish history and that's where I left the edit summary. I think the Consolidation of Sweden article is problematic because it treats a very infected part of Swedish history and involves more politics than facts (due to Weibull I guess).--Wiglaf 30 June 2005 10:22 (UTC)

Mrs. Lenngren
I don't really know much more about her. As for my subpages, I had planned to move them somewhere else eventually, perhaps as subpages of the notice board or some suitable project. --Uppland 16:09, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

Ådalen
Ådalen 31 should probably be moved to a better and less colloquial title, such as Ådalen shootings or Ådalen shootings 1931. I thought about it when the article was first posted, but was uncertain whether it was intended to be about the event itself or about the film. Uppland 19:18, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I agree with your suggestion. Uppland 19:34, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

European industry federation
I moved European Industry Federations back to European industry federation. Thanks to have noted this. Is the correct abbreviation EIF or EIFs? --Edcolins 18:43, July 26, 2005 (UTC)

Hej, Hej
Hello. Yes, I am Swedish. Tack för tipsen, jag ska se till å lära mig ordentligt. Osäker på hur mycket jag kommer vara aktiv. Osäker på hur jag skulle svara på ditt meddelande dessutom, men jag hoppas det blir rätt så här. Ha det bra. Bronks

Munis.
There appears to be no other solution than to make a divisioning between munis and their seats. I have to admit that the entire time I grew up, I never understood the difference. But lets do it anyways. I think we should start with the largest munis and work our way down. You may respond at Template_talk:Infobox_Kommun --Fred-Chess 22:48, July 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * I think it might be more appropriate to discuss this at Municipalities of Sweden, but I don't think anyone opposes this as long as both the separated articles are of reasonable length. Apart from that, I basically agree with your idea to make a division between the two and to start with the biggest ones. (Personally, I think Stockholm, Gothenburg, Malmö and Uppsala are the really important ones. I see no major hurry in dividing Åmål Municipality into two articles.) Will get back to you on this subject later. / Alarm 00:08, 28 July 2005 (UTC)

Enström etc
User:Richard Arthur Norton (1958- ) has created a number of articles on Swedish people, some of which do not seem notable enough to me (even after some research in general biographical sources). He has generally contributed many articles which appear to be fetched from his own family history, and these articles don't always make clear why or if the subject is notable. A number of his articles have been deleted as non-notable genealogy and by all appearances were so. I nominated his article on Israel Israelsson Näslund III (1796-1858), an undistinguished Swedish clergyman, for deletion, but have abstained for nominating other articles he has written, even though the subjects appear to be of little general significance. In some cases, like with Enström, notability might be there but not clearly expressed. (For examples of articles I have been tempted to put on VfD, see Joachim Von Rohr and Anders Örbom, neither of which is to be found in any general-purpose Swedish biographical reference work. A reference is given to Adam Lewenhaupt, Karl XII's officerare: Biografiska anteckningar, a work which includes a brief bio of every single one of possibly a couple of thousand officers in the service of Charles XII.) Uppland 13:26, 29 July 2005 (UTC)

Swedes and Suiones
Hi Alarm! I don't think it matters much. Suiones can be presented first, since it leads directly to the article on the tribe Swedes, and Swedish contributors should be made aware of its existance. BTW, thanks for your addition on the vfd on the Götaland theory. I really appreciated the support.--Wiglaf 21:03, 30 July 2005 (UTC)

Away
A note to anyone posting here: I won't be able to respond until August 16. / Alarm 23:46, 31 July 2005 (UTC)

BioCOTW Project
You voted for  Pope Shenouda III of Alexandria, this weeks' Biography Collaboration of the weeks. Please come and help them become a featured-standard article.. I'm just posting this here in case you are interested it working on it after you get back. Falphin 18:19, 1 August 2005 (UTC)

Latin America
You have voted for South America on This week's improvement drive a few weeks ago. Now Latin America is nominated. Hope you can help us again by voting for Latin America. --Fenice 08:01, 14 August 2005 (UTC)

Welcome back.
Welcome!

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I hope you got a chance to relax and only bother yourself with pretty girls, good food and lots of fun, wherever it was you went.

Now, that's enough of chit-chat. :-)

About the to-do list. I was careful to write "Main line railways of Sweden", because these main line railways were of importance for many communities in Sweden between 1840-1910, and I would like to be able to link to main line railways of Sweden, or perhaps Västra Stambanan, (alt. Western main line railway of Sweden), or northern etc, when writing for instace "The community was insignificant until the western main line railway was laid there in 18??.

To show you my ambitions, I even drew a map of this several months ago -- in my usual fasion of course: crude and sketchy. Go to Industrialization of Sweden to see it.

Anyways, I hope we can atleast agree on a name for such an article.

Once again, Welcome to Wikipedia! :-)

--Fred-Chess 20:01, August 16, 2005 (UTC)

 * Gee, thanks! It's really great to come back when you get such a warm welcoming! ;-)
 * About the railways - here's my suggestion: Since there seems to be such a wide number of articles on the form "Rail transport in X", I'd say that consistency is a factor in favour of having a Rail transport in Sweden article. Linking to the "main lines" can be done anyway, by section links, e.g. western main line railway or western main line railway.
 * If you're not happy with that, and believe that the individual main lines can grow into decent standalone articles, I'd suggest that you create stubs for them (I'd prefer to name them in English, using caps since they could be considered proper names, thus naming them Western Main Line Railway of Sweden etc.) and link from them all to a main article Rail transport in Sweden, where the general concept of main lines could be expanded upon. / Alarm 09:28, 17 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Alarm/Archive 1


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Bouquet of Barbed Wire

Bouquet of Barbed Wire is a British television drama series based on the novel by Andrea Newman published in 1969. It was produced by London Weekend Television for ITV and first broadcast in 1976. The series is known for its treatment of family and sexual dynamics, focused on the relationship between father and daughter. A remake was broadcast in 2010.

Homecoming
Prue Sorensen (Susan Penhaligon) is a university student who, after becoming pregnant, marries American actor Gavin (James Aubrey). Her father, Peter Manson (Frank Finlay), is a publisher who appears to have an unhealthy relationship with his daughter and becomes distressed over her pregnancy and marriage. The pregnancy creates tension between Peter and Gavin, which Prue exploits for her own amusement. It is implied that Prue has engineered the marriage and pregnancy to provoke her father.

Prue and Gavin stay at her parents' house for the weekend, ostensibly to smooth over relations with Peter. However, this endeavour fails and Peter barely acknowledges Gavin's presence. Prue's mother, Cassie (Sheila Allen), is more accepting of Gavin, despite being aware that Prue is playing her father and her husband against each other. Prue suggests to Gavin that they invite Peter to accompany them on a summer holiday in France, yet when Gavin approaches Peter about it, he declines.

Introductions
A young woman named Sarah Francis (Deborah Grant) is hired as Peter's new office secretary. Soon it becomes apparent that Peter is attracted to Sarah, but he does not pursue her. During an argument with Cassie, Peter says he is struck by Sarah's ambitious drive, and contrasts it to what he perceives as Prue's recklessness. Sarah is an independent woman who is seeing two men, one of whom visits her flat against her landlord's rules. Drama ensues when Sarah's alcoholic father arrives at the apartment unannounced.

Cassie, fearful that the family is growing apart, suggests that she and Peter go on holiday to Scotland with their two young sons, showing them the places they visited on their honeymoon. Peter remains increasingly obsessed with Prue, and mistakenly believes her pregnancy has ruined her life. He grows resentful towards Cassie, who he believes has sided against him with Prue. Meanwhile, Prue refuses to speak with Peter because of his treatment of Gavin. Later, Gavin hits Prue while she is sick due to her pregnancy, resulting in Prue's refusal to go to work. He later apologises profusely for hitting her, claiming that he will never do it again.

Repercussions
Immediately after Prue is agitated by Gavin, Peter admits to Cassie that everything she said is true. Cassie realises that both the affair and the accusation are evidence of Peter's twisted obsession with Prue and orders him to leave; he spends the night at Sarah's apartment. Later, Cassie is called to the hospital where Gavin has admitted a badly beaten Prue. When Gavin visits Cassie the next day, he claims that she had been putting him to beating her as a means of self-punishment. He pleads with Prue to stop making him hurt her; she ignores him and casually says that she "had it coming".

Another Bouquet (1977)
Following the success of the series, a sequel was commissioned, covering the same characters' later history.

2010 adaptation
The novel was adapted for ITV by Mammoth Screen, as a three-part series broadcast by ITV on 6–20 September 2010. Adapted by Guy Andrews and directed by Ashley Pearce, it starred Trevor Eve as Peter Manson, Hermione Norris as Cassie Manson, Tom Riley as Gavin Sorenson and Imogen Poots as Prue Sorenson.

The 2010 adaptation made some changes to the novel and the 1976 adaptation. In this adaptation, Prue is a sixth form student and Gavin is her Yorkshire-born English teacher, rather than an American PhD student. The first episode garnered 5.98 million viewers and received positive reviews. It was released on DVD on 20 September 2010.

title: Bouquet of Barbed Wire


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Scottius janius

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete --Allen3 talk 13:44, September 6, 2005 (UTC)

Scottius janius
Delete hoax. - choster 16:13, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete hoax. Sliggy 16:36, August 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete --Marskell 16:37, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Cleanup, capital letters for a surname please! Nah, speedy delete, as per nom. --LemonAndLime 16:54, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Note that creator has vandalised elsewhere --LemonAndLime 16:59, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Note also that this itself was also vandalised. Sliggy 23:13, September 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Plac Wilsona metro station

Plac Wilsona (English: Wilson Square) is a station on Line M1 of the Warsaw Metro. It is located below Wilson Square in the Żoliborz district in northern Warsaw.

The station was opened on 8 April 2005 as the northern terminus of the extension from Dworzec Gdański. On 29 December 2006 the line was extended further north to Marymont as shuttle service, and on 20 March 2008 as normal service.

On 7 April 2008 during the Metrorail convention it won a Metro award for the best recently constructed station. It was designed by Polish architect Andrzej M. Chołdzyński.

title: Plac Wilsona metro station


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Simon Cadell

Simon John Cadell (19 July 1950 – 6 March 1996) was a classically trained English actor, best known for his portrayal of Jeffrey Fairbrother in the first five series of the BBC situation comedy Hi-de-Hi!.

Early life
Born in London, he was the son of theatrical agent John Cadell, grandson of the Scottish character actress Jean Cadell, great nephew of Francis Cadell RSA, the brother of the actress Selina Cadell and commercials director Patrick Cadell, the cousin of the actor Guy Siner and son-in-law of the television producer David Croft. He was educated at The Hall School in Hampstead and Bedales School at Petersfield where his close friends included Gyles Brandreth, who remained a friend until Cadell's death.

Career
Cadell was a member of the National Youth Theatre and appeared with them in the 1967 production of Zigger Zagger. He trained at the Bristol Old Vic Theatre School. His first successes were found in the theatre in the mid to late 1970s. An early television role was in Simon Gray's 'Play for Today's in 1975 Plaintiffs and Defendants and the sequel Two Sundays both opposite Alan Bates. He then provided the voice of Blackberry in the animated adaptation of Watership Down (1978), based on the novel by Richard Adams. Subsequently, he had roles in television programmes such as Enemy at the Door (1978–80), and also appeared briefly in the disaster film Meteor (1979) as a TV news reporter.

He is best remembered for his role as the well-meaning holiday camp manager Jeffrey Fairbrother in the BBC situation comedy Hi-de-Hi! (1980–84) and for playing the disingenuous civil servant Dundridge in the screen adaptation of a novel by Tom Sharpe, Blott on the Landscape (1985). On radio he played the elven-king Celeborn in the BBC adaptation of The Lord of the Rings (1981). He appeared in the BBC sitcom Life Without George (1987–1989) which ran for three series.

Cadell appeared in the 1991 British comedy series Singles. Other television credits include, Minder, Bergerac, The Kenny Everett Television Show and Roald Dahl's Tales of the Unexpected (playing the co-pilot in the episode "Hijack"). He was also in heavy demand as a voice-over for television commercials. He narrated the children's television series Bump for the BBC, about a baby elephant (who always bumps into things) and his friend Birdie.

Personal life
In 1986 Cadell married actress Rebecca Croft, the daughter of Dad's Army and Hi-de-Hi! co-creator David Croft. The couple had two sons.

In the 1980s he was a supporter of the Social Democratic Party.

Death
In January 1993 Cadell, a heavy smoker of up to 80 cigarettes a day, suffered a near-fatal heart attack after giving a recital with Joanna Lumley at the Queen Elizabeth Hall, in London. He returned to the stage four months after undergoing triple heart bypass surgery, but was diagnosed with lymphoma in September 1993, while being treated for pneumonia.

Cadell died in London on 6 March 1996, at the age of 45. He is buried in All Saints churchyard at Honington in Suffolk where the Croft family had their home. Details of his resting place can be found here https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/51108982/simon-cadell

Three months after Cadell's death, his best friend Jeremy Sinden, who was five weeks older than he was, also died of cancer. For more than 30 years, Simon Cadell's father, John, had been the theatrical agent of Jeremy Sinden's father, Donald Sinden.

title: Simon Cadell


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Nicholas Burns (actor)

Nicholas Burns (born 1977) is an English actor, best known for his comic performance as the title character in Nathan Barley. He played Martin Weedon in Benidorm and Alex in No Heroics. His other credits include The Mighty Boosh, The IT Crowd, Strike, Doctor Who, The Crown, The Serpent Queen, Manhunt, A Small Light and Black Mirror.

Early life
Burns was born in Derbyshire, and educated at Repton School. He trained at the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art (LAMDA).

Career
In 2005, Burns played the titular leading role in the Channel 4 comedy Nathan Barley. Burns has had recurring roles in the TV series Absolute Power, Roman's Empire, and the sketch show Man Stroke Woman. Burns also made an appearance in The Mighty Boosh as the ruler of the planet Xooberon; in The IT Crowd as Jerome, the director of a musical called Gay!; and in episode "At Bertram's Hotel" of Agatha Christie's Marple as Jack and Joel Britten. He turned up as an Aussie tennis coach in The McClintock Factor, a mockumentary chronicling the rise and fall of the former media tycoon and internet blogger Jeremy McClintock.

Burns played a main role as Martin Weedon in the first three series of the ITV holiday comedy Benidorm, alongside a cast that included Abigail Cruttenden, who played his wife, Sheridan Smith and Johnny Vegas.

Burns's stage credits include Much Ado About Nothing at the Sheffield Crucible Theatre, the satire The Madness of George Dubya and Ghost Stories, both of which transferred to London's West End, Penelope Skinner's The Village Bike at the Royal Court, The Recruiting Officer at the Donmar Warehouse and Pinero's The Magistrate at the Royal National Theatre, a production included in Season 4 of National Theatre Live.

In April 2013, he returned to Benidorm as Martin Weedon, for series 6 of the show in 2014.

In 2020, Burns appeared in series four of Strike and in Small Axe. In 2022, he played the role of Antoine de Bourbon in Starz's The Serpent Queen, alongside Samantha Morton, and Liv Hill.

in 2023, he starred as Keith Holligan in the episode Demon 79 of Netflix series 6 of Black Mirror, alongside Anjana Vasan and in A Small Light as Victor Kugler.

Personal life
Burns is a lifelong supporter of Derby County Football Club. He has two sons, Arthur and Ralph.

title: Nicholas Burns (actor)


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User talk:NielsenGW

Proposed deletion of Pasilaid

The article Pasilaid has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Lacks WP:SOURCES since 2012"

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. CommanderWaterford (talk) 14:28, 2 February 2021 (UTC)

Ismene (moth) up for deletion
Can you mention where the source for the information at Ismene (moth) came from? There is some debate if its a real organism.  D r e a m Focus  13:11, 6 January 2022 (UTC)

Jesse Duffy
Jesse Duffy has been nominated for proposed deletion.John Pack Lambert (talk) 19:31, 20 July 2022 (UTC)

Nomination of Bothriospila for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Bothriospila is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Bothriospila until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article until the discussion has finished. BilledMammal (talk) 23:49, 28 October 2022 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Anekäbrud

The article Anekäbrud has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "No sources. Does not show notability."

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. GoldRomean (talk) 17:55, 29 June 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:NielsenGW


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Lidia Yusupova

Lidia Muhtarovna Yusupova (Лидия Мухтаровна Юсупова; born September 15, 1961) is a Russian-Chechen human rights advocate, currently serving as the coordinator for the law office of the Moscow-based organization Memorial. Formerly, Yusupova was the director of the Grozny office of Memorial. Currently, Yusupova is completing a two-year law fellowship in Moscow.

Biography
Yusupova was born to Chechen father and Russian mother in the city of Grozny. She studied Russian Literature at the Karachaevo-Cherkeski Intstitute. Later she studied law at the Chechen University in the city of Grozny, and served as a professor in that field. During the First Chechen War, she witnessed the tragedy of war, and suffered the loss of several friends, neighbors, colleagues, and family members. In 2000, during the Second Chechen War, she decided to devote her life to human rights, using her legal expertise and personal experience during both wars to help others that were entangled in the bloody conflict.

Human rights
Yusupova gathers testimony from victims of human rights abuses, and presses their cases with law enforcement and military agencies. Not only does she, to the extent possible, provide the victims with legal assistance, but she also informs the rest of the world on violations of human rights, committed by Russian armed forces and Chechen rebels alike. Yusupova has been described by the BBC News service as "the bravest woman in Europe", and representatives of Amnesty International have similarly declared her "one of the most courageous women in Europe". Both Yusupova and her organization have been nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize.

Yusupova has been awarded the 2004 Martin Ennals Award for Human Rights Defenders and the 2005 Professor Thorolf Rafto Memorial Prize.

The International Federation of Human Rights reported that Yusupova faced death threats for her work on October 12, 2006.

Quotes

 * "Mass-scale human-rights violations and state-level terror still are the order of the day...Everyone now is endangered, not only those who live in Chechnya, but those who live in Russia as well... Society will respond. Some counterweight to this lunacy must emerge, be it in the shape of a new dissident movement, or other forms we don't yet discern. The authorities will as inevitably seek to suppress this movement cruelly and brutally. But suppression will only promote its growth, all the fears notwithstanding."
 * "...we should not give up and say that the situation is hopeless. There is still our conscience, there is still the memory of the victims of this war, there is still our duty to try and prevent further bloodshed. We have to prosecute all the perpetrators of war crimes and crimes against humanity."
 * "Religious extremism does not lead anywhere, it only leads to an impasse. It has happened before in Chechnya’s history; women had to wear scarves and stand opposite of the men on public transportation. Those rules were ridiculous especially in comparison to all of the serious problems Chechnya had. What about the problems in Chechnya and Ingushetia, have they been solved? How many people are dead or missing? How many people are unemployed, pensioners or disabled? Let us look at these issues and stop talking about how long women’s skirts should be or whether or not they should wear scarves on their heads."

Awards

 * 2004 Martin Ennals Award for Human Rights Defenders for researching about data of war victims, investigations of murder and kidnapping in Chechen Republic. Irene Khan, Amnesty International general secretary that time, said that this was award for Lidia Yusupova's heroic work, especially heroic when the dangerous work being carried by women during wars.
 * 2005 Professor Thorolf Rafto Memorial Prize for her work in Chechnya to help victims of war. The formal award ceremony was at the National Theatre in Bergen, Norway.

title: Lidia Yusupova


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Blooms of Dublin

Blooms of Dublin is a musical play or operetta in two acts with music and text by Anthony Burgess. The work, nearly three hours long, was first performed (in a concert version) for the Dublin Joyce Centenary in 1982 by the RTE Singers and RTE Concert Orchestra and broadcast on BBC and RTE radio. It was produced by John Tydeman and Michael Heffernan.

The operetta is based on James Joyce's 1922 novel Ulysses. It was published in book form in 1986. The texts of some of the songs also appear in the novels Earthly Powers (1980) and The End of World News (1982).

Burgess provides a very free interpretation of Joyce’s text, with his own changes and interpolations, all set to original music that blends opera with Gilbert and Sullivan and music hall styles. The number “Copulation without population” in Act Two is an example – it’s set in the style of a humorous, bawdy music hall romp and features a chorus of drunks and prostitutes - but it has little to do with the corresponding passage from Ulysses. Burgess said that his aim was to make Ulysses more accessible. “The score is, I think, the kind of thing Joyce might have envisaged…he was the great master of the ordinary, and my music is ordinary enough. I had felt for some time that he might have had demotic musicals in mind ….”.

The piece received mixed reviews. Hans Keller called it "a pathetic pastiche" in which "senseless tonal and rhythmic antics...take the place of even the most elementary invention." Aside from one repeat broadcast in 1983 it has not been revived, and has never been staged. A BBC archived recording exists.

Other works that Burgess wrote or adapted as stage musicals include A Clockwork Orange: A Play with Music (1987) and (with music by Michael J. Lewis) 'Cyrano', a new musical which ran for 49 performances on Broadway in May 1973.

title: Blooms of Dublin


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EMCC

EMCC may stand for:

 * East Molesey Cricket Club
 * Eckert–Mauchly Computer Corporation
 * European Market Coupling Company
 * European Mentoring and Coaching Council
 * European Monitoring Centre on Change
 * Evangelical Methodist Church Conference

Colleges in the United States

 * East Mississippi Community College
 * Eastern Maine Community College
 * Estrella Mountain Community College

Other uses

 * E = m × c × c is the equation for mass-energy equivalence.

title: EMCC


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The Flaws

The Flaws were an Irish indie-rock quartet, hailing from Carrickmacross in County Monaghan. The band released their self entitled debut EP in the Summer of 2005 which attracted a flurry of label attention and eventually culminated in the signing of a 5-album contract to Polydor UK/ Universal Music in December 2005. The flaws released three full-length studio albums between 2007 and 2016.

The Flaws consist of: Paul Finn on Vocals/Guitar, Paul Mallon on Bass/Backing Vocals, Shane Malone, Lead Guitar and drummer Colin Berrill.

Background
The original group went to Patrician High School secondary school together in Carrickmacross and formed a band in the early 2000s called Sweet Relief during their Dublin college years. A more serious approach to original music culminated in a band name change, the recruiting of Dundalk music guru Derek Turner of Tumbleweed Studios, Spirit Store and Honey Thieves fame and extensive Irish original music venue touring ensured a sound foundation for the quartet in those early years. Popular venues such as the aforementioned Spirit Store, McHughs Drogheda, Eamon Doran’s, Cypress Avenue, Dolan’s, Auntie Annies, McGarrigles, Voodoo Lounge, Yukon Bar, An Roisin Dubh were frequented as the band shaped their musical niche. The Flaws embarked on an extensive tour during the Summer of 2005 around Ireland with Dublin band Delorentos and Belfast indie outfit Fast Emperors. Other high-profile support slots to The Fratellis and Editors helped bolster the bands growing popularity in the early days. In July 2007 original drummer, founding member Stephen Finnegan left the band for personal reasons.

Popularity
The Flaws played the Crawdaddy Stage of Electric Picnic at 13:15 on Sunday 2 September 2007. They did an instore in BPM in Wexford on Sunday 28 October at 15:30. They played "Rock 'N Roulette" on The Podge and Rodge Show on Tuesday 20 November. The Flaws were nominated for two Meteor Awards in the categories "Best Irish Album", and "Best Irish Band" at the 2008 Meteor Awards. Their debut album, Achieving Vagueness was also nominated for the Choice Music Prize. The list of 2008 festival appearances for the band includes a return to the Electric Picnic and slots at Glastonbury, Indie-pendence and Castlepalooza. The Flaws have also had their music played on a number of radio stations and music channels in Italy.

Discography
The Flaws's four-track EP was recorded in Tumbleweed Studios in Dundalk, County Louth. National commercial radio station Today FM broadcast the track on Alison Curtis's The Last Splash programme, in which she described the lead track "16" as "brilliant". The EP also includes the tracks "Idolise", "Everybody's Got to be Somewhere" and "Fed to the Lions". Their debut album, Achieving Vagueness was released on 14 September 2007 to critical acclaim. A Choice Music Prize nomination for the album followed on 10 January 2008. Their debut album was recorded and mixed by acclaimed Irish producer Gareth Mannix (Republic of Loose/Delorentos/Director).

October 2010 saw the release of the group's second album, Constant Adventure. The Flaws went on a hiatus for 2 years, infrequently releasing singles until they announced that they would release a third record. "Springtime For The Flaws", was released 24 April 2015.

The Flaws subsequently disbanded in 2016.

In May 2020 unannounced song entitled “All Of Us” was released on social media with accompanying video.

In January 2021, Paul Finn as SOMEFINN released a solo album entitled "...tsk, tsk..."

Albums

 * Achieving Vagueness, 2007
 * Constant Adventure, 2010
 * Springtime For The Flaws, 2015

Singles

 * No Room (March 2006)
 * Out Tonight (June 2006)
 * Sixteen (May 2007, IRE No. 29)
 * 1981 (July 2007)
 * You and I (November 2007)
 * I Don't Wanna Dance (September 2009)
 * Part of You (October 2010)
 * Make Good (February 2011)
 * Constant Adventure (June 2011)
 * Million Miles (May 2012)
 * Let's Fight (July 2012)
 * Animals (September 2014)
 * That's What You Get (February 2015)

title: The Flaws


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Alan Reeves (footballer)

Alan Reeves (born 19 November 1967) is an English football coach and former footballer.

As a player, he was a centre back who notably played in the Premier League for Wimbledon. He also played in the Football League for Norwich City, Gillingham, Chester City, Rochdale and Swindon Town.

He has since managed the under-23 side at AFC Wimbledon, a position he held for five years from 2014, departing in May 2019 by mutual consent.

Playing career
He was known primarily as a reliable centre half for Football League clubs, although he played FA Premier League football for four seasons with Wimbledon during the 1990s. He also played for Gillingham, Chester City, Rochdale and Swindon Town, where he spent the last eight years of his playing career before hanging up his boots in 2006, also as a player/coach, before becoming assistant manager.

Coaching career
Reeves served as assistant manager for Brentford, from where he left with manager Scott Fitzgerald on 10 April 2007 after the club's relegation. He interviewed for the vacant Crawley Town manager role in May 2007, but was unsuccessful in receiving the job, reportedly due to differences with then chairman James Moore.

On 19 June 2014, it was announced than Alan would become the new AFC Wimbledon Development Squad and Academy under-23 manager. After five years, he left the club by mutual consent on 14 May 2019.

In 2020, Reeves began working as a scout for Leicester City.

Personal life
His twin brother David was also a professional footballer, most notably with Bolton Wanderers, Carlisle United and Chesterfield.

Whilst his brother was coaching at Gainsborough Trinity. Alan stated on an interview with LBC Radio that he sent letters to prospective clubs, purporting to be from his brother, in order to secure trials with them.

Honours
Individual
 * PFA Team of the Year: 1993–94 Third Division

title: Alan Reeves (footballer)


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Contract data requirements list

In United States military contracts, the contract data requirements list (CDRL, pronounced SEE-drill) is a list of authorized data requirements for a specific procurement that forms a part of the contract.

Overview
The CDRL identifies what data products are to be formally delivered to the government by a contractor, as well as when and possibly how (e.g. format and quantity) they are to be delivered. The list typically is Section C of the Uniform Contract Format and consists of a series of individual data items, each of which is recorded on a Data Item form (DD Form 1423) containing the tailored data requirements and delivery information. The CDRL is the standard format for identifying potential data requirements in a solicitation, and deliverable data requirements in a contract. The purpose of the CDRL is to provide a standardized method of clearly and unambiguously delineating the government's minimum essential data needs. The CDRL groups all of the data requirements in a single place rather than having them scattered throughout the solicitation or contract.

Each CDRL data item should be linked directly to statement of work (SOW) tasks and managed by the program office data manager. Data requirements can also be identified in the contract via special contract clauses (e.g., DFARS), which define special data provisions such as rights in data, warranty, etc. SOW guidance of MIL-HDBK-245D describes the desired relationship: "Work requirements should be specified in the SOW, and all data requirements for delivery, format, and content should be in the contract data requirements list in conjunction with the appropriate Data Item Description (DID) respectively, with none of the requirements restated in other parts of the contract."

Subpart 215.470 of the Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement (DFARS) document requires the use of the CDRL in solicitations when the contract will require delivery of data. Guidance on how to fill in and handle DD Form 1423-1 is provided in publication 5010.12-M. Other US government agencies may include CDRLs in contracts, but these will not use the military's DD Form 1423.

Most data items are developed and delivered in compliance with pre-defined data item descriptions (DID). These pre-defined data items may be tailored by deleting any part of a DID that is not applicable to the specific acquisition,. . The CDRL form provides a block for simple citation of which DID it is, as well as where it is mentioned in the SOW and what part(s) of the overall work breakdown structure it is involved with. The remarks block may explain how the DID will be applied, but can not alter or add to the DID. (Language altering the data item description would obviously make it no longer a standard DID available by simple citation, pre-approved, and readily handled by existing Department of Defense processes.) Contracts issued by governments (including their militaries) outside the US also use CDRLs as part of their statements of Work. These CDRLs do not use the US military's DD Form 1423, but may utilize some of the same elements to define their need for documentation.

title: Contract data requirements list


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Wierzbno metro station

Metro Wierzbno is a station on Line M1 of the Warsaw Metro, located in the Wierzbno neighbourhood, from which it derives its name. The station is in the Mokotów district of Warsaw.

The station was opened on 7 April 1995 as part of the inaugural stretch of the Warsaw Metro, between Kabaty and Politechnika.

title: Wierzbno metro station