text:
Talk:United Nations/Archive 2

Countries or sovereign states
This page and the country page seems to confuse coutry with sovereign state? There are lots of recognised countries like Wales or Scotland which have their own "national football teams" and are universally referred to as "countries" for example in sport (and I reluctantly acknowledge that football is pretty well the only really global soprt) but which are not in the UN in their own right as they are not sovereign states. --BozMo|talk 09:31, 25 Jun 2004 (UTC)

List of countries that are not members of the UN?
Somebody should make it...

 * There aren't many that are undisputedly states. Taiwan, the Holy See..I cannot think of any others. --64.12.116.67 17:17, 27 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Missing history?
There seems to be some history missing, or at least I think there is, about Canada's role in the development of the UN. I may be totally out to lunch but I'll see if I can find any references. It'll be something about the formation of the Peace Keepers, Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjöld and Lester Pearson (Secretary for External Affairs of Canada).

confirmed
I don't have time at the moment to add it, but there is reference to it on the UN site.

UN reform
>>In the United States, the term is frequently used to mean "make changes that will reduce the UN's power to hamper the United States", while outside the United States the term is usually a code for "make changes that will increase the UN's power over countries, including the United States".<<

I removed this paragraph because I think it's inaccurate, biased, or perhaps both. There's a large constituency in the US for shrinking or eliminating the UN, but I think there's also a large constituency for a stronger UN, and a reasonable minority supporting an actual world government. A safe distinction to make is reduction/enlargement, which is what the remaining text does. -- Beland 20:03, 15 Aug 2004 (UTC)

internal institutional failures
To the failures, I think the allegations concerning corruption in the "Oil for Food" program for Saddam's Iraq should be listed. Sources: http://www.globalpolicy.org/security/sanction/iraq1/oilforfood/2004/0323unprobe.htm http://www.nationalreview.com/comment/rosett200403101819.asp Whyerd 16:25, 16 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Sure, go ahead and add it. Notice there is already a page for it at Oil for Food. [[User:Brettz9|Brettz9 (talk)]] 16:36, 16 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Citizens of the World
Wikipedians who support at least some aspects of the UN may like to add their names to Wikipedians/World Citizen. Best wishes to all! Robin Patterson 22:56, 16 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Reconciling Criticism and Reform suggestions
Something needs to be done about the growing similiarities between the Criticism and Reform sections. I like that the one section states the issues succinctly and the other more elaborately, but something should be done to avoid the duplication of materials (or at least the sound of things being duplicated). The Commission on Human Rights' admission of certain nations is one example of this. [[User:Brettz9|Brettz9 (talk)]] 04:17, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Somalia
I added the Battle of Mogadishu to the UN failure to succsessfully deliver food to Somalia (under criticisms of the UN). Its important to point that out because as a direct result of that battle the United States has been wary of assisting UN peacekeeping forces. TomStar81 02:37, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Peace-keeping
Can someone tell me the meaning of this sentence: " The peacekeeping scale is designed to be revised every six months and is projected to be near 27% in 2003."? 27% of what? It means the budget in 2000 is 100% and that in 2003 is 73%? (or 27%!?) Thank you in advance.--Corruptresearcher 13:35, 9 Nov 2004 (UTC)

UN Bad
What follows here is an example how talk pages should NOT be used:

REASONS NOT TO TRUST THE UN:

ONE: The U.N. Peacekeepers have been raping women in Africa

 * True. However, the UN does not have its own army, so these are soldiers from various countries, most likely including the United States Army.

 * The majority of the UN peacekeepers raping girls and women come from Europeon nations.

TWO: Kofi Annan (Sec. General) is put up for a NO CONFIDENCE vote

 * Actually, Annan has the complete support of the UN staff and the UN Security Council.

That is totally unfortunate, because Annan, from what I read about him, suggests that he is a corrupt person, totally unaccountable to anybody but himself. I should also mention that Annan and many top ranking UN officals blocked a US Senatorial investigation into the Oil-for-food scandal. 05:39 January 31 2006 (UTC)

The one fatal flaw of the United Nations is that they are totally unaccontable to anybody but themselves. This leaves room for the abuse of power and corruption. If some of you are saying out there, "But they are accontable. They have to account themselves to the Member nations." I say this to you, the majority of the votes in the UN are held by corrupt, authoritarian nations (cough, France) that are totally unaccontable to themselves. 05:59 January 2006 (UTC) {http://www.heritage.org/Research/MiddleEast/wm217.cfm}

THREE: U.N.'s Security council member (Syria) was elected one of the eleven members THOUGH IT IS ON THE U.S.'s list of nations supporting terrorism!!!

 * The United States is one of the seven countries which question the legitimacy of the International Criminal Court and opposed its creation. The other six are China, Iraq, Israel, Libya, Sudan, and Yemen.  All seven have a history of completely disregarding human rights.

 * Overgeneralization, the U.S. gave up, or at least inactivated conscription some time ago and has a strong record of protecting freedom of speech, although it has slipped some on jury trials and gun ownership.--Silverback 21:25, 30 Dec 2004 (UTC)

The nation of Israel does not totally disregard human rights, they are just trying to protect their citizens from all of the hostil nations surronding it that are bent on obliterating Israel from the map. 05:42 January 31 2006 (UTC)

FOUR: In the Oil For Food scandal THE U.N. LITERALLY GAVE BILLIONS TO SADDAM!!!

 * The UN has not given money to Saddam Hussein. In the Oil for Food program, Iraq exported oil in exchange for food, aid, and medical supplies.  The money generated from the sale of oil went into an international escrow account which Saddam had no access to.  Iraq was allowed to make requests for specific supplies on this credit, but could not profit directly from it.

 * To the comment above, you are absolutely in the wrong. I will ask you to check this site and see for yourself.

 * However, Iraq engaged in frequent smuggling and sold oil on the black market for considerable profits; much of this money went directly to Saddam's bank account. This is the main controversy surrounding the program.  Clearly the UN had no involvement in the illicit trade, since smuggling is by definition covert.

 * No, the Saddam regime also subverted the oil for food program, through dummy companies and vouchers.--Silverback 21:25, 30 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Paul Volcker told Charlie Rose a few months ago that the amounts being discussed in rumor are vastly overinflated (by a factor of a thousand in most cases) and that OFFP corruption at the U.N. is considerably less than was suspected. His report is due soon. Blair P. Houghton 16:29, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Too the person you made the commit above, DO YOU HONESTLY BELIEVE THAT PILE OF BOLOGNA. The UN is blocking any outside investigation into this scandal, and do you truly believe that a corrupt Annan would allow the truth of this to get out (considering that he was implicated as being involved in this scandal). I am getting tired of people who are unwilling to get the scales off their eyes. 05:49 January 31 2006 (UTC)

FIVE: Several Records state U.N. Officials have taken BRIBES.
 * An allegation that has yet to be proven. And although this may very well be true, corruption is an omnipresent disease, that is not limited to the U.N. and does not exclude American U.N. Officials. 16:42, 2004 Dec 30 (UTC)

SIX: In Rwanda the U.N. let 800 thou people be slaughtered and had their troops taken hostage

This occured because many influential nations hindered the UN from acting effectively Mir 05:36, 9 Jan 2005 (UTC)

SEVEN: U.N. ROASTS BABIES!!!
 * I'd like to see citations for some of the more extreme allegations above. Also, this seems to me to be the wrong place to post this. Pedant 22:39, 2004 Dec 10 (UTC)

 * This is just a troll. I'd have reverted it but for your comment. I suggest you remove this section. -gadfium (talk) 23:01, 10 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I retract my above suggestion since User:Eequor has gone to the trouble of refuting the allegations.-gadfium (talk) 23:48, 10 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * They deserve refutation. In fact, the issue should get a page to document the craven propagandization by warmongering U.N. haters.  The U.N. has prevented more wars than any other diplomatic mission in history.  It's ridiculous to consider the idea of shutting it down. Blair P. Houghton 16:29, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Blair P. Houghton, don't interplate this as bashing UN. I am asking because you seem very up to date and i can't really figure out the reason behind it. This article is suggesting that UN tried to provoke a war between Rwanda and Congo. What would be the motivation behind that. See this quote. "But a dissenting member of the UN panel, William Church, has now told the BBC that the Rwandan invasion was a false claim added by other panel members who had come under pressure from un-named sources." What is really happening here? Here is a link to the who article

Kofi Annan was not the secretary general of the UN during the genocide in Rwanda, he was the Under-secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations (March 93 - Dec 96). As UnderSecGen he was one of three people in charge of the Department of Peacekeeping Operations, making him more directly responsible for Rwanda. Annan became SecGen on Jan first 97.

UN Table
I have re-added the UN table removed by User:Ed g2s on the argument it was "completely useless" and that "it doesn't provide enough information." I disagree. If it doesn't provide enough information, then add information to the table yourself. And I don't think it is useless. I believe every organization with a flag or seal should have a table. Maybe we should make this into a policy? —02:33, Jan 6, 2005 (UTC)

Have made "UN resolutions" an internal link and written a short intro on this subject (perhaps one of you international lawyers out there could expand this further?) Ian 12:09, 27 Jan 2005 (UTC)

re-added Taiwan and Vatican city mention
I hope noöne objects to the way I have re-added the mention that Taiwan/Republic of China and the Holy See/Vatican City are the only CIA-recognized first-order sovereign entities which are not members of the UN. The reasons for their non-membership are quite obviously very different, but I think that such a mention deserves note at the very outset of the article. TShilo12 03:48, 11 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Model U.N.
Is it appropriate to have a paragraph here on Model United Nations? Is there any organizational connection between the real U.N. and the school programs? If not, I would suggest just a "See also" link, not a full section in an already long article. Isomorphic 20:15, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I have removed the Model UN material and put in a "see also." Nothing there gave any indication of why the Model UN would be important in the context of the real UN. Isomorphic 05:06, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

New image copyright tag
There is a new image copyright tag for UN images:. It can be used on copyrighted images released by the UN, provided a reasonable claim for fair use can be made. TreveXtalk 03:13, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

UN Resolution condemning USA
Were there any resolutions introduced in UN General Assembly condemning US military actions during/after the US invasion of Iraq ?

User:Siyac 11:10, 9 June 2005 (UTC)

 * Four part question regarding your question: (1) are you asking if any "Resolutions" were introduced, i.e. proposed to be voted upon? (2) are you asking if any "Resolutions" were voted upon? (3) are you asking if the UN General Assembly voted in the affirmative on a "Resolution"? (4) What enforcement powers do General Assembly "Resolutions" have as compared to Security Council Resolutions (since both can deceptively be called "UN Resolutions")? Thank you.  Nobs01 16:12, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Thank you for your reply.

My question is: were any Resolutions introduced in UN General Assembly, i.e. proposed to be voted upon.

User:Siyac 10:13, 10 June 2005 (UTC)

Frankly I don't know. But like in the law, anyone can be accused of being a child molester, arrested, brought up on charges, only to have the matter dropped before any rendering of a final verdict. Yet the charge can always be made "He was accused of being a child molester". Is this the sense of your question, "Were there any resolutions introduced in UN General Assembly condemning US military actions during/after the US invasion of Iraq ?", considering the General Assembly doesnt even deal with matters the Security Council was created to deal with? Nobs01 15:45, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Thank you for your reply.

Do you mean that UN General Assembly can't deal with any matters witin Security Council's purview ?

User:Siyac 7:49, 13 June 2005 (UTC)
 * The General Assembly is free to consider and vote upon any useless unbinding "Resolution" it pleases that lacks the provisions of Law; (that incidentlally is what a resolusion is, it is definitely not a law). Not being an expert in what the UN is, I do have some understanding of International Law.  (No.1), the UN is not a Parliamentary body, nor is it a Law making body.  International crises, as they occur, are dealt with through the Security Council, that was the purpose of its creation.  A member state I am sure is free to introduce any type of resolution it pleases, provided, one would presume, it has a requiste number of co-sponsors.  So it is likely to conclude the delegation off North Korea worked overtime to get its name off the Axis of Evil list.  Whether they found co-sponsors or not I couldn't say.  In the  final analysis, the point is moot, cause the UN Secretarait, Security Counsil, and General Assembly, none have the power to author laws, and the verdict of history is all are as useless as a third teat. Nobs01 15:39, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Essentially, Siyac, Nobs is saying "yes". The UN:GA is a bunch of nattering nabobs who ultimately have no say about anything whatsoever.  This is good, since the UN, especially the GA, has become a forum for pushing the agendas of every petty dictatorship around the world, hence my assertion that the GA having no actual power is a good thing.  Tomer TALK  08:18, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Let me use a simple illustration drawn from U.S. law. Article 1, Section 1 of the Constitution states,
 * "All legislative powers vested herein shall reside in a Congress of the United States"
 * legislative, meaning law making. The executive has not lawmaking (i.e. legislative) powers. Hence, the separation of powers doctrine. The United States representative to the General Assembly is an offical in the State Department, i.e. Executive Branch.   His title is Ambassador, not Legislator, i.e. 'author of laws'.  It would be unconstitutional to place legislative powers in the United States Executive Branch.  Thus, at a minimum, under U.S. Constitutional Law, the United Nations has no law making power.  Nobs01 16:03, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Who needs the U.N anyway?
As an Indian I have total disrespect for the U.N. Where was the U.N when Pakistan attacked Kargil,the least they could have done is expelled them.When in late 2001 and early 2002 tensions rose again between India and Pakistan ,and India deployed tropps on the border, U.N was making noise,but when the U.S deploys troops thousands of miles away they do nothing?This organisation is becoming more and more meaningless.
 * Believe me, you're not the only one. The vast majority of the populace of the US, as well as of other countries, notably, but probably irrelevantly, Israel, hold the UN in utter contempt.  The UN has been hijacked by tinpot dictatorships, and since it's basically a dumping-ground for unwanted bureaucrats, essentially nothing worthwhile is ever said in its chambers, and absolutely nothing worthy of mention ever happens there.  The only noteworthy thing that ever goes on is that muslim states make uproarious noises, almost always against Israel, and all the do-nothing think-naught ignorant do-gooders vote in lock-step against Israel.  Happily, the UN is an utterly useless and powerless body w/o the backing of the US, so the nonsensical rubbish passed as "UN Resolutions" (obscenely biased against Israel...check out the number of anti-Israel resolutions sometime, it's over 1/3 of all UN Resolutions) ultimately come to naught.  The UN is ultimately flawed, since most countries regard it as a sort of world Congress, when in fact, it is actually a world Parliament.  What's the difference?  Congress is answerable to the People.  Parliamentarian governments are answerable only to their party bosses and various governmental organizations...i.e., the people have no power whatsoever--the whole thing is a charade to occupy the minds and time of the people, meanwhile concealing from them that they have no voice whatsoever.  Why anyone would ever emulate Parliamentarianism as "Democracy" therefore, is completely beyond me, but I think I've wandered a bit far afield from the subject at hand... :-p  (It happens, with me, frequently. :-D) Tomer TALK  08:26, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)

 * Personal opinions such as these, apart from being tiresome, are completely irrelevant to the article at hand. Kindly refrain from placing them here. --cjllw | TALK  06:58, 2005 Jun 16 (UTC)
 * O txil aut. Ét líst ái m nát meikigh nán-nuträl-point-av-víu edits tú qí ártikäl. Tomer TALK  09:10, Jun 17, 2005 (UTC)

Too the guy who wrote on top of this, I salute you. I am an Alaskan Native and I have no respect whatsoever for the United Nations. For one, because they accepted bribes from Saddam Hussein, which they had put economic sanctions, they have shown that they are totally incapable of any good. 07:54 January 30 2006 (UTC)

Genocide in Rwanda
I changed "ethnic cleansing campaign" to "genocide" under specific failures. It is factually incorrect and offensive to the victims to classify April 1994 as "ethnic cleansing". The use of the term ethnic cleansing, at least in the context of Rwanda and Srebrenica, among other events, is nothing more than an attempt to deny the actual events.

removing NPOV-section from /* Criticism of the UN */
The NPOV-section template was added on 22nd July 2005 by 62.180.32.97. That is the only edit made to date by that IP address, and there is no discussion or rationale presented on this talk page. Accordingly, I've removed the template. Hv 11:16, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

Criticism of the UN - Alleged Attack in Haiti
Anyone who writes about the alleged attack as well-sourced should check his sources first - partisan websites are no good sources.

The BBC shows a different picture:

 --216.139.155.144 21:38, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

Well, then you should write a more neutral version citing both sources, explaining how they differ and how they agree. These statements were well-sourced in that they agreed with their source, and were properly qualified as allegations. You should try to understand Wikipedia policy better. Democracy Now is a reasonable and respectable source and they think it is credible. As for the "brutal ex-president" this is remarkable in the context of Haiti, as it is quite undeniable and agreed by all serious observers that the level of brutality and political violence in Haiti under Aristide was far less than under his predecessors and successors. The evidence - based on the earlier elections and polls in the US, where anti-Aristidists might be expected to be overrepresented, indicates that most Haitians have been and are "supporters of the brutal ex-president" - thus their view certainly deserves respect and allegations coming from them are encyclopedic material.--John Z 23:20, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

Corrections about "Background, history and structure"
In the 3rd paragraph, it mentions:

 * "From August to October 1944, representatives of France, the People's Republic of China, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the USSR met to elaborate the plans at the Dumbarton Oaks Estate in Washington, D.C. Those and later talks produced proposals outlining the purposes of the organization, its membership and organs, as well as arrangements to maintain international peace and security and international economic and social cooperation. These proposals were discussed and debated by governments and private citizens worldwide.":

By 1944, there wasn't any People's Republic of China, not until 1949 when the Communist Party took the power over Mainland and Chinese Nationalist (KMT) withdrew to Taiwan.

These following links supports this correction, one is wikipedia itself

Republic of China

China and the United Nations

So, actually it was Republic of China, not '''People's Republic of China '''

title: Talk:United Nations/Archive 2


text: Wikipedia:Requests for comment/User conduct

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Wikipedia:Requests for comment/User names

Reports
Please remember that this is not a vote, rather, it is a place where editors can come when they are unsure what to do with a username, and to get outside opinions (hence it's named "requests for comment"). There are no set time limits to the period of discussion.

 * Place your report below this line. Please put new reports on the top of the list.


text:
Talk:California State University, Los Angeles

Rankings
Can some one update the US News ranking see link thanks. https://news.calstatela.edu/2021/09/13/cal-state-la-continues-remarkable-climb-in-u-s-news-world-report-rankings/ — Preceding unsigned comment added by USA Eagle01 (talk • contribs) 05:14, 14 September 2021 (UTC)

Protests
I saw these 2 article in the news and thought maybe they could be used in this.

Pro-Palestinian protesters breach California State University, Los Angeles, building with staff still inside, reports say

https://www.cnn.com/2024/06/13/us/cal-state-palestinian-protests/index.html

Pro-Palestinian protesters barricade building housing president's office at Cal State LA

https://abc7.com/post/cal-state-la-president-trapped-office-pro-palestinian/14942434/ V for Vashon The Son (talk) 20:01, 13 June 2024 (UTC)


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Avary

Avary is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 * Bryce Avary, see The Rocket Summer
 * Myrta Lockett Avary (1857–1946), American white supremacist, author, and journalist
 * Roger Avary (born 1965), Canadian-American producer, screenwriter, and director

title: Avary


text:
Rhodothyrsus

Rhodothyrsus is a plant genus of the family Euphorbiaceae, first described as a genus in 1999. It is native to South America.

 * Species
 * 1) Rhodothyrsus hirsutus Esser - Colombia, NW Venezuela
 * 2) Rhodothyrsus macrophyllus (Ducke) Esser - Guyana, Suriname, Colombia, Peru, N Brazil

title: Rhodothyrsus


text:
Patricia Crone

Patricia Crone (28 March 1945 – 11 July 2015) was a Danish historian specialising in early Islamic history. Crone was a member of the Revisionist school of Islamic studies and questioned the historicity of the Islamic traditions about the beginnings of Islam.

Early life, family and education
Crone was born in Kyndeløse Sydmark (south of Kyndeløse) 23 km northwest of Roskilde in Roskilde County, Denmark on 28 March 1945.

After taking the forprøve (preliminary exam) at University of Copenhagen, she went to Paris to learn French, and then to London, United Kingdom where she was determined to get into a university to become fluent in English. In 1974, she earned her Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) degree at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London with a thesis titled "The Mawali in the Umayyad period". She was then a senior research fellow at the Warburg Institute until 1977. She was accepted as an occasional student at King's College London and followed a course in medieval European history, especially church-state relations.

Career
In 1977, Crone became a University Lecturer in Islamic history and a fellow of Jesus College, Oxford. She then became Assistant University Lecturer in Islamic studies and fellow of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, in 1990 and held several positions at Cambridge. She served as University Lecturer in Islamic studies from 1992 to 1994, and as Reader in Islamic history from 1994 to 1997.

In 1997, she was appointed to the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, where she was named as Andrew W. Mellon Professor. In 2001, she was elected to the American Philosophical Society. From 2002 until her death in 2015, she was a member of the Editorial Board of the journal Social Evolution & History.

Research
The major theme of Patricia Crone's scholarly life was the fundamental questioning of the historicity of Islamic sources which concern the beginnings of Islam. Her two best-known works concentrate on this topic: Hagarism and Meccan Trade. Three decades after Hagarism, Fred Donner called Crone's work a "milestone" in the field of Orientalist study of Islam.

Though she began as a scholar of broader military and economic history of the Near and Middle East, Crone's later career focused mainly on "the Qur'an and the cultural and religious traditions of Iraq, Iran, and the formerly Iranian part of Central Asia".

Hagarism (1977)
In their book Hagarism (1977), Crone and her associate Michael Cook, both then working at the School of Oriental and African Studies in London, provided a new analysis of early Islamic history. They fundamentally questioned the historicity of the Islamic traditions about the beginnings of Islam. They tried to produce a picture of Islam's beginnings only from non-Arabic sources. By studying the only surviving contemporary accounts of the rise of Islam, which were written in Armenian, Greek, Aramaic and Syriac by actual witnesses, they reconstructed a story of Islam's beginnings that differs from the story told by Islamic traditions. Crone and Cook claimed to be able to explain exactly how Islam came into being by the fusion of various Near Eastern civilisations under Arabic leadership.

Fred M. Donner viewed the book as a "wake-up call": despite initial repudiation, it set a milestone by pointing out that scholars need to "consider a much more varied body of source material than most were used to using, or trained to use". On the other hand, he  criticised the book's indiscriminate use of non-Muslim sources and the "labyrinthine" arguments incomprehensible even to many who had strong specialist training.

Oleg Grabar described Hagarism as a "brilliant, fascinating, original, arrogant, highly debatable book" and writes that "the authors' fascination with lapidary formulas led them to cheap statements or to statements which require unusual intellectual gymnastics to comprehend and which become useless, at best cute" and that "... the whole construction proposed by the authors lacks entirely in truly historical foundations" while also praising the authors for trying to "relate the Muslim phenomenon to broad theories of acculturation and historical change".

Robert Bertram Serjeant wrote that Hagarism is "not only bitterly anti-Islamic in tone, but anti-Arabian. Its superficial fancies are so ridiculous that at first one wonders if it is just a 'leg pull', pure 'spoof'".

Michael G. Morony remarked that "Despite a useful bibliography, this is a thin piece of Kulturgeschichte full of glib generalisations, facile assumptions, and tiresome jargon. More argument than evidence, it suffers all the problems of intellectual history, including reification and logical traps".

Later, Crone backed away from some proposals in this reconstruction of Islam's beginnings. She continued to maintain the basic results of her work:
 * The historicity of Islamic sources on Islam's beginnings has to be fundamentally questioned.
 * Islam has deep roots in Judaism, and Arabs and Jews were allies.
 * Not Mecca but a different place in northwestern Arabia was the cradle of Islam.

Meccan Trade and the Rise of Islam (1987)
In Meccan Trade and the Rise of Islam (1987), Crone argued that the importance of the pre-Islamic Meccan trade had been grossly exaggerated. Furthermore, she found that Mecca was never part of any of the major ancient trade routes. She also suggested that while Muhammad never traveled much beyond the Hijaz, internal evidence in the Qur'an, such as its description of his opponents as "olive growers", might indicate that the events surrounding Muhammed took place nearer the Mediterranean than in Mecca. Meccan Trade was judged a "devastating critique of a commonplace of current historiographical accounts of the rise of Islam" in a review by Frederick S. Paxton published in The Journal of Asian Studies.

Robert Bertram Serjeant described the book as a "confused, irrational and illogical polemic, further complicated by her misunderstanding of Arabic texts, her lack of comprehension of the social structure of Arabia, and twisting of the clear sense of other writings, ancient and modern, to suit her contentions".

Death
In November 2011, Crone was diagnosed with lung cancer that had already spread to the brain; she died on 11 July 2015, aged 70.

Coauthor

 * with Michael Cook, Hagarism: The Making of the Islamic World, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, first published in 1977; ISBN 0-521-21133-6 Free online version at archive.org
 * with Martin Hinds, God's Caliph: Religious Authority in the First Centuries of Islam (first published 1986); ISBN 0-521-54111-5
 * with Shmuel Moreh, The Book of Strangers: Medieval Arabic Graffiti on the Theme of Nostalgia (1999) Princeton Series on the Middle-East; ISBN 978-1558762152
 * with Fritz Zimmermann, The epistle of Sālim ibn Dhakwān (2001) Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press; ISBN 0-19-815265-5.

Sole author

 * Slaves on Horses: The Evolution of the Islamic Polity (1980); ISBN 0-521-52940-9
 * Meccan Trade and the Rise of Islam (1987); ISBN 1-59333-102-9
 * Roman, Provincial and Islamic Law : The Origins of the Islamic Patronate (1987, Paperback: 2002); ISBN 0-521-52949-2
 * Pre-Industrial Societies: Anatomy of the Pre-Modern World (2003); ISBN 1-85168-311-9
 * God's Rule: Government and Islam - Six Centuries of Medieval Islamic Political Thought (2004). Columbia University Press; ISBN 0-231-13290-5/ISBN 0-231-13291-3.
 * Medieval Islamic Political Thought (2005). Edinburgh University Press; ISBN 0-7486-2194-6
 * From Arabian Tribes to Islamic Empire : Army, State and Society in the Near East c. 600–850 (2008); ISBN 978-0-7546-5925-9
 * The Nativist Prophets of Early Islamic Iran: Rural Revolt and Local Zoroastrianism (2012). Cambridge University Press; ISBN 978-1107018792
 * Jewish Christianity and the Qurʾān (Part One)." Journal of Near Eastern Studies 74.2 (2015): 225-253.
 * Jewish Christianity and The Qurʾān (Part Two). Journal of Near Eastern Studies 75.1 (2016): 1-21.

Articles

 * Patricia Crone, "How Did the Quranic Pagans Make a Living?", Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, Vol. 68, No. 3 (2005), pp. 387–399
 * Patricia Crone, "Quraysh and the Roman army: Making sense of the Meccan leather trade", Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, Vol. 70 (2007), pp. 63–88
 * Patricia Crone, "Barefoot and Naked: What Did the Bedouin of the Arab Conquests Look Like?", in Muqarnas Vol. 25, Brill (2008), pp. 1–10,

Semi-popular articles

 * Patricia Crone, "'Jihad': idea and history", Open Democracy, April 30, 2007.
 * Patricia Crone, "What do we actually know about Mohammed?", Open Democracy, June 10, 2008.

title: Patricia Crone


text:
File:La Dodo le la dsc03365.jpg

Summary
In Saint-Gilles, Réunion Island: a wall painting advertising the sale here of the Dodo beer with the Réunion Creole slogan La dodo lé la.

Original painting: Author unknown, use on Wikipedia deemed to be fair use.

Licensing
Photograph: August 22, 2005, David Monniaux

title: File:La Dodo le la dsc03365.jpg


text:
Jack Gregory (cricketer)

Jack Morrison Gregory (14 August 1895 – 7 August 1973) was an Australian cricketer.

As well as 129 first class matches for New South Wales he played in 24 Tests between 1920 and 1928. He was known mainly as a fearsome right-arm fast bowler but he also achieved a batting average of 36.50 and 1146 runs including two centuries, batting left-handed and gloveless. He also batted without a box. His best bowling was 7/69 in an innings and 8/101 in a match at the 1920/21 Test against England at the MCG.

At the Johannesburg Test in 1921 he scored a century from 67 balls in 70 minutes, which was at the time the fastest hundred in terms of both balls faced and minutes taken in the history of Test cricket. The record stood until 1985 when Viv Richards managed the feat with 56 balls but it remains the record for the fastest hundred in terms of minutes. His record of 15 catches in the 1920–21 Ashes series still stands as the record for the most catches by a fieldsman in a Test series.

Jack was the nephew of two of the very early Australian cricketers, Dave and Ned Gregory. A knee injury suffered in the 1928 Brisbane Test match brought his cricket career to an abrupt finish.

He was Wisden Cricketer of the Year in 1922.

title: Jack Gregory (cricketer)


text:
Sclerocroton

Sclerocroton is a plant genus of the family Euphorbiaceae first described as a genus in 1845. There a total of 6 known species in this genus; 5 species in continental Africa and a single species in Madagascar.

 * Species
 * 1) Sclerocroton carterianus (J.Léonard) Kruijt & Roebers - Liberia, Ivory Coast, Sierra Leone
 * 2) Sclerocroton cornutus (Pax) Kruijt & Roebers - C + SC Africa from Cameroon to Zimbabwe plus Ivory Coast
 * 3) Sclerocroton integerrimus Hochst. -  C + S Africa from Zaire to KawZulu-Natal, plus Guinea
 * 4) Sclerocroton melanostictus (Baill.) Kruijt & Roebers - Madagascar
 * 5) Sclerocroton oblongifolius (Müll.Arg.) Kruijt & Roebers - Zaire, Angola, Zambia, Zimbabwe
 * 6) Sclerocroton schmitzii (J.Léonard) Kruijt & Roebers - Zaire, Rwanda, Burundi, Zambia, Zimbabwe

moved to Shirakiopsis
 * Formerly included
 * Sclerocroton ellipticus - Shirakiopsis elliptica

title: Sclerocroton


text:
Senefeldera

Senefeldera is a plant genus of the spurge family (Euphorbiaceae). Their wood can be used as timber, in handicraft and as firewood. It is native to Brazil, Colombia, Peru and Venezuela.

The genus was circumscribed by Mart. in Flora vol.24 (2) on page 29 in 1841.

The genus name of Senefeldera is in honour of Johann Alois Senefelder (1771–1834), who was a German actor and playwright who invented the printing technique of lithography in the 1790s.

Species
Kew accepts 3 species;
 * Senefeldera testiculata
 * Senefeldera triandra
 * Senefeldera verticillata

title: Senefeldera


text:
Simon Deering

Simon Deering, better known by nickname Hotdogs, was a contestant and 11th evictee of Big Brother Australia 2005. He has continued a career in Australian television.

Deering was evicted from Big Brother in the show's ninth week by a 53% margin. Following this he was appointed host of The Up-Late Game Show, an interactive late-night game show on Network Ten, which screens in the early hours of each weekday in those months of the year when Big Brother is not running.

Deering appeared as guest on the 13 June 2006 edition of Big Brother UpLate and announced to host Mike Goldman that he had recently moved in with fellow Big Brother 2005 housemate Vesna Tofevski.

Deering guest-starred as himself in the pilot episode of the Australian comedy The Wedge.

Deering is set to play the role of Eric Bana in the new play by Warthog theatre play 'Bana' about the life of Eric Bana.

During his childhood years, Deering had a brief role in TV serial Home and Away, appearing as George Fisher, a petty criminal who stole a loaf of bread from Alf Stewart.

Indecent act in public
On 25 July 2005 Deering was at a Cairns, Queensland nightclub doing a promotional spot for Big Brother. Deering and an unnamed 22-year-old woman were arrested outside the club and charged with creating a public nuisance by committing an indecent act in public. Initial reports accepted Deering's claim that he had merely left the club to urinate. He was released on A$100 bail, and in September 2005 pleaded guilty to three charges and was fined A$1,000.

title: Simon Deering


text:
Wikipedia:Peer review/Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith/archive1

Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith
This article is quite long and has a lot of information, and putting it under wider community scrutiny would help improve it greatly. Aside from getting this article to featured or near-featured article status, I'm hopeful that a peer review can impove the article in a way such that it can establish some kind of consensus on how the 6 Star Wars film articles should be like. Coffee 08:09, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The introduction has no real information aside from the film's volume number and release date, when style would have it be a summary.
 * Posting the opening crawl in whole without any kind of criticism or comment is a copyright violation, I think.
 * There are no references.
 * The sections "References to the original trilogy" and "Trivia" are bulletpoints whose contents don't seem to have any notability. "Just before Darth Vader and the Emperor survey the partially built Death Star, we can see a slightly younger Tarkin. According to some, a younger Captain Needa can be seen in the crewpit."? I don't think minute analysis of who is visible in what shot with no explanation of any possible significance of this information is suitable for an encyclopedia article.
 * --119 10:44, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Alright. 1. I've added a very shory synopsis to the lead section. I'm a bit wary about making it longer, since sensitive people would cry spoilers. 2. The opening crawl has also been removed. Can you (or someone) provide a link or source to back it up that posting the opening crawl is a copyright violation? Because I've wanted to remove it on all the Star Wars film articles, and I'd like some ammunition to back me up. 3. References... I'll hunt for them later, once it's decided what's in and what's out. 4. Ok, the blatantly non-notable "references to the OT" and "trivia" have been removed. I'm unsure what to do about the rest... eventually most of the trivia should be migrated to other sections, I guess. Coffee 16:06, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

 * This is a good article, but I agree it needs the improvements 119 has recommended. I also feel the "Production" section needs more content. It is currently a collection of fairly minor trivia. There should be more on filming locations, special effects, make up, etc. The analysis also seems to focus exclusively on the plot, it would be good to get film studies and cinematography perspectives on the film. - SimonP 21:32, August 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree with the above points. The two large trivia sections are the big problem though, as far as I see it. The "references" bullet points should be culled, I think, but more importantly consolidated into prose if at all possible. Same for the "trivia" points, which should be culled even more vigorously. Most of the surviving points can probably be incorporated into other sections. If the cast section is to remain just a big list it should be removed to the end of the article, but a summary of the major actors involved could appear in the lead or production section. In terms of comprehensiveness, the article should go into some detail about such things as the substantial marketing and advertising associated with the film. Christopher Parham (talk) 01:59, 2005 August 28 (UTC)
 * The "trivia" and "references to the OT" sections have been merged, and the number of bullet points more than halved. I'm cautious about trimming it any further right now, as there seems to be some hypersensitivity on this article and being too bold might spark some backlash against my edits. :/ I'd like some comments on what people think of the plot summary... too detailed? Not detailed enough? I completely rewrote that from the previous plot summary, which was three times as long. Coffee 04:25, 30 August 2005 (UTC)


text:
Senefelderopsis

Senefelderopsis is a plant genus of the family Euphorbiaceae. It is native to southern tropical America, and found in Colombia, Guyana and Venezuela.

The genus was circumscribed by Julian Alfred Steyermark in Bot. Mus. Leafl. vol.15 on page 45 in 1951.

The genus name of Senefelderopsis is in honour of Johann Alois Senefelder (1771–1834), who was a German actor and playwright who invented the printing technique of lithography in the 1790s.

Species

 * Senefelderopsis chiribiquetensis
 * Senefelderopsis croizatii

title: Senefelderopsis


text:
File:Rebound film.jpg

summary
Rebound film poster

Tampered Image
You are not allowed to tamper copyright images, and certainly not for presenting pedophilia based sexual messages. The film poster/dvd cover uploaded here has been tampered with to make Martin Lawrence's hand appear inside the little girls shorts/pants, which is short of pedophilia. The original movie poster/dvd cover is here: www(d ot)impawards(d ot)com(s lash)2005(s lash)posters(s lash)rebound.jpg. Someone please change the image. I am also reporting the unloader of that image for breach of copyright and more. --93.97.181.187 (talk) 02:44, 1 April 2009 (UTC)--93.97.181.187 (talk) 02:43, 1 April 2009 (UTC)

Fair use in Rebound (film)
Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because:
 * 1) It's a low resolution copy of a Film Poster / VHS or DVD Cover.
 * 2) It doesn't limit the copyright owner's rights to sell the film in any way, in fact, it may encourage sales.
 * 3) Because of the low resolution, copies could not be used to make illegal copies of the artwork/image.
 * 4) The image is itself a subject of discussion in the article or used in the infobox thereof.
 * 5) The image  is significant because it was used to promoted a notable film.

Source

 * 1) Derived from a digital capture (photo/scan) of the Film Poster/ VHS or DVD Cover (creator of this digital version is irrelevant as the copyright in all equivalent images is still held by the same party). Copyright held by the film company or the artist.  Claimed as fair use regardless.

title: File:Rebound film.jpg


text: Category:Subprefectures of Japan

title: Category:Subprefectures of Japan


text:
Talk:Stuyvesant Fish Morris

Untitled
Is this really an encyclopedia entry? —though those are undeniably three very good New York names indeed. --Wetman 08:11, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Stuyvesant Fish Morris


text:
Benedicto Kiwanuka

Benedicto Kagimu Mugumba Kiwanuka (8 May 1922 – 22 September 1972) was the first prime minister of Uganda, a leader of the Democratic Party, and one of the persons that led the country in the transition between colonial British rule and independence. He was murdered by Idi Amin's regime in 1972.

Biography
A member of the Baganda ethnic group, Benedicto Kagimu Mugumba Kiwanuka was born in Kisabwa to Kaketo-Namugera (father) and was a member of the Roman Catholic Church.

Following a law course in Lesotho in 1960–62, he travelled to London to study for the Bar at University College London. He was called to the Bar by Gray's Inn in February 1956.

As a result of the September 1961 Uganda Constitutional Conference held in London, Uganda achieved internal self-government on 1 March 1962. Kiwanuka became Uganda's first Chief Minister in the new National Assembly.

New elections, however, were held in April 1962, with Kiwanuka's party losing to the alliance of Milton Obote's Uganda People's Congress and the Buganda traditionalist party, Kabaka Yekka. In addition, Kiwanuka's Catholicism made him unpopular with his fellow Buganda, a mainly Protestant people. Uganda achieved independence on 9 October 1962, with Obote as the first prime minister of a fully independent Uganda.

Kiwanuka was imprisoned in 1969 by Obote's government, but was one of 55 political detainees released by Idi Amin immediately after the coup that brought Amin to power. Amin appointed him as chief justice of Uganda on 27 June 1971.

Kiwanuka soon came into confrontation with Amin's disregard for the rule of law. In the immediate aftermath of Obote's 1972 invasion of Uganda, Kiwanuka was arrested at gunpoint by Amin's men as he presided over a session of the High Court. As well as countermanding from the bench some of Amin's more draconian orders, Kiwanuka had also secretly agreed to support Obote's return to power, with the proviso that Kiwanuka would be involved in constitutional reform.

Death
Kiwanuka was killed on 22 September at Makindye Military Prison. Western accounts described a prolonged execution which, according to eyewitnesses, involved Kiwanuka's ears, nose, lips, and arms being severed, a disembowelling, and castration before he was finally immolated. Other sources claimed that, rather than being tortured, Kiwanuka was personally shot by Amin. Kiwanuka's death was not acknowledged as an execution, with Amin instead publicly blaming it on Obote's supporters and even launching a police investigation. Kiwanuka's killing was the first of a series directed against leading figures in the Baganda and Ankole tribes, aimed at curbing their power.

Legacy
Kiwanuka's grandson, Mathias Kiwanuka, played defensive end for Boston College's American football team, and was the New York Giants' first round pick in the 2006 NFL Draft, eventually winning two championships with the team.

In 2018, a monument was dedicated to him at the request of Ugandan president Yoweri Museveni.

title: Benedicto Kiwanuka


text:
Talk:Kip Kinkel

Censorship of name
An anon has removed the name of one of the students involved in the Thurston High School shooting three times in the past few weeks.   All three of these edits have come from Eugene (which of course neighbors Springfield, the town Thurston is in). I'm fairly certain that the person removing the name is someone close to the student. The third edit made by the anon is far more acceptable than the first two and is the current version. Should I leave the name out or should I include it? Does anyone have any thoughts? Pablo  Talk  |  Contributions  21:21, 27 July 2007 (UTC)

 * On one hand, (DELETED) was nearly a victim. On the other, he chose to act heroically.  I wouldn't think it would be a problem for him to be named as he is presented quite positively.  The only thing that makes me wonder why someone would delete it would be if it weren't accurate, or such publicity being against some belief.  If it's well cited, I'd favor leaving it in.  —EncMstr 21:43, 27 July 2007 (UTC)

(edit conflict) The name of that student was widely reported in the news and can be easily sourced, so I don't think the inclusion of the name is a matter of invasion of privacy. I don't see any reason the name should be left out, but on the other hand, does knowing the name of the student (who I would assume is not notable on his own) enhance the knowledge of the subject? He was hailed as a hero at the time, and his actions probably saved many lives. (Perhaps the anon does not want his name forever connected with Kinkel's? Understandable, but unavoidable, I think.) Does WP:BIO have any guidelines on the matter? Reading further, there is some controversy about claims the student's National Rifle Association training is what allowed him to take quick action. So maybe the anon has an anti-NRA bias? Ultimately unless the inclusion of the name violates some policy, or someone can produce a logical argument for the removal of the name, I think the article should be reverted. But I don't like like letting unexplained anon deletions stand, personally. Katr67 21:46, 27 July 2007 (UTC)
 * WP:BIO doesn't have anything, but WP:BLP is relevant. Per this guideline, "Editors should take particular care when considering whether inclusion of the names of private, living individuals who are not directly involved in an article's topic adds significant value."  So, the relevant question is: Is it valuable to include the name?  I'm having a tough time deciding whether it does or not.   Pablo   Talk  |  Contributions  01:59, 28 July 2007 (UTC)

certainly an anon deletion can get one to wondering, but on the other hand there are a lot of young survivors who likely would like to get on with their lives and become known for somethingother than being surviors, just as many have come home from wars and never spoken of what they did, even though they performed many heroic acts. I don't see the names of survivors as necessary to an article. I wouldn't make an issue of itRvannatta 03:59, 28 July 2007 (UTC)

 * I agree with Rvannatta. There is no significant difference in the quality of the article one way or the other; I would say err on the side of caution, assume the person does not want his name included, honor that desire. The use of the term "censorship" is an exaggeration; we are not the government, nor do we control the media. The name is out; whether or not it is included in Wikipedia is a small matter compared to a a deliberate effort to suppress information from all outlets (which is what censorship is.) -Pete 19:09, 28 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Yes, I'm leaning toward letting the deletion stand at this point, as I seem to recall a bit in the WP:BIO guidelines somewhere about looking at certain anonymous edits to bios as possible attempts by the subject to remove his or her name that should be honored as good faith rather than as vandalism. I'm too lazy to look up the relevant guideline right now, but that's the gist of it. It all boils down to: Is the article about Kinkel enhanced by including the names of the other students? Probably not. It's an encyclopedia article, not a news article. As such, it should give an overview of the subject, and those wanting more information can certainly find it on the Internet. Katr67 19:47, 28 July 2007 (UTC)

 * I agree. Let's leave the name out.   Pablo   Talk  |  Contributions  19:50, 28 July 2007 (UTC)

 * I also agree about the name. I put it in accidentally a month back because I hadn't read this talk page (oops).  This person is well known among Boy Scouts even to this day, having received the highest honor that they have.  But that doesn't necessarily mean the name should be here of all places.  However, why was the comment that he survived removed?  The sentence kinds of leaves the reader hanging.  Legitimus (talk) 19:58, 8 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Sorry, I had looked at your changes, saw the student's name, and just reverted them all. Sloppy of me. Feel free to add back some of that stuff, especially the fact it was 5 Scouts, not 4, since the ref backs that up. Though in reading the article, the context seems to indicate the student survived (it wasn't like he was awarded posthumously), but if you think it's important to emphasize, find a way to write it that isn't redundant. Thanks for asking. Katr67 (talk) 20:18, 8 January 2008 (UTC)

One outside view. While I don't feel too strongly about including the name, the relevant paragraphs are a little confusing and could probably be better worded. When his rifle ran out of ammunition and Kinkel began to reload, a wounded student tackled Kinkel, who attempted to kill the student with the Glock. He only managed to fire one shot before it was knocked out of his hand. More students, including his brother, helped restrain Kinkel until the police arrived and arrested him.
 * My first thought when reading this (after the name had been redacted) was "whose brother?" Kips? The problem with this paragraph and the other in the section is that the constant use of "student" (when there was 25 injured all together) can all blend together. There needs to be a better identifier to keep the narrative going without the reader having to stop or go look at the sources to try and figure out who did what. If there is a better solution then using the name I'm all for it but the status quo isn't very appealing.AgneCheese/Wine 18:20, 29 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Yes, I had that confusion as well. I think the level of detail of "who is whose brother" is not needed - especially given that there seems to be consensus around leaving exact names out. Referring to everyone as simply a "student," and Kip as "Kip," seems like the best way to keep it from getting overly confusing. -Pete 18:36, 29 July 2007 (UTC)
 * To an extent I disagree here. I think as a reader it is a very natural compulsion to want to "know what's going on" and be able to at least follow along with the narrative. You don't need "exact detail" as to names but there should be enough detail to be able to distinguish "student A" from "student B" and so off. Kip vs 25 other "students" all jumbled in together is not doing a service to the reader-especially when there are students within this mass doing individual acts that merit mention in the article. If they just simply sat there and got shot then "Kip shot 25 students" would suffice. But if the narrative is going into the level of detail to distinguish individual acts then we need a better way of identifying those individuals.AgneCheese/Wine 18:55, 29 July 2007 (UTC)

I think Jake Ryker's name is a useful addition to the article since he was, after all, the student who disarmed the shooter. He ought to be at least as notable as those students who died (and are named in the article). He also attended a national convention of the NRA, so it doesn't look like he just wants to throw this incident and his part in it down the memory hole. —Preceding unsigned comment added by SURIV (talk • contribs) 15:34, 10 February 2008 (UTC)

Pop culture/Manson
I am moving this section and a random comment in reaction to it here:

References in pop culture
Some of the lyrics in the Marilyn Manson song "The Reflecting God" are said to be based on Kinkel. Manson has been named as a possible influence on Kinkel. This would make Manson a psychic, because Reflecting God, on the album Antichrist Superstar, came out two years before the Thurston High shooting.

So, A) Is the Manson influence on Kinkel true? B) Is the Kinkel influence on Manson true? C) Does this matter at all? (in other words, is this encyclopedic and worthy of inclusion or is it just toomuchtrivia? Katr67 21:17, 11 October 2007 (UTC)
 * The anon that added the commentary is correct. The song came out two years before the shooting.  Either the source I provided was incorrect or I read it wrong (I'm pretty careful about not misrepresenting sources, so the former is probably the case).  However, if sources can be provided that suggest Manson was an influence on Kinkel, we could add a sentence or two to the article.  Either way, the article is probably better without a pop culture section.  Pablo   Talk  |  Contributions  20:15, 16 October 2007 (UTC)

Current Picture?
Anyone have a current picture? --House Boy 22:03, 21 October 2007 (UTC)

Strapping Bullets to Chest?
"It was reported that he had two bullets strapped to his chest at the time of the shooting, in order to end his life; however, he was never able to use them."

How does that work? 58.179.134.239 (talk) 07:25, 15 December 2007 (UTC)

It just means that he would have loaded those bullets inot his glock and shot himself once his other bullets ran out. He kept them seperate so that he woudln't accidently use up all his rounds in the heat of the moment. Kairos (talk) 07:49, 30 December 2007 (UTC)

Contradictory Casualties
Toward the top of the page it says 24 students were wounded, but down toward the bottom it says 25. Which is it? Heatsketch (talk) 23:42, 11 February 2008 (UTC)
 * I'd say, it's neither, nor. To quote this New York Times article: In September, Mr. Kinkel confessed to killing his parents, Bill and Faith Kinkel, as well as 16-year-old Ben Walker and Mikael Nickolauson, 17, both students at Thurston High School in Springfield, Ore., on May 21, 1998. He also confessed to wounding 22 students, shooting at three others, and attacking a detective after his arrest.(Lord Gøn (talk) 20:57, 14 December 2008 (UTC))

The uncredited students.
Well, I tried editing to fix this, but it's already been undone, so I'm starting up a thread here.

The current article states that there were five students involved in stopping Kip Kinkel durring the shooting, but there were seven in total credited with this. When the article was reverted, it included a new reference, to a BSA article relating to five students. The BSA article mentions only five, however, because those five were Boy Scouts, while the other two were not.

The final two are frequently left out of accounts. They are Joshua Pearson (Who even suffered a gunshot wound from the 9mm pistol while aiding in disarming Kinkel), and Travis Weaver (Who secured the primary weapon, the rifle).

In the immediate aftermath, neither of the two were credited by the media. However, in the days afterward, the full story came out, particularly at the urging of several of the five credited students. Still, references are scarce, and one significant reason why Wikipedia, being the most commonly referenced site for information on the subject, should have it right.

Slideshow of the Thurston Memorial, crediting seven students with stopping Kinkel (You'll have to increase the image size and advance to one of the pictures of the plaques stating this): http://gallery.ashbean.com/main.php?g2_view=slideshow.Slideshow&g2_itemId=3406

Article on the dedication of the Thurston Memorial, including crediting seven students: http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Thurston+memorial+dedication+on+May+21-a0101215285

One source, naming both the "forgotten" students: http://books.google.com/books?id=h6jWT7wuSzUC&pg=PA199&lpg=PA199&dq=travis+weaver+thurston+shooting&source=web&ots=5AUGEHg4K4&sig=5HNJPCzeT9_hdSHApJaZTSj0fzc (Incedentally, while it notes the same seven students were awarded a "hero fund" gathered in appreciation after the event, it also includes a segment about another student striking Kinkel and disarming his rifle, after Kip held the gun to his head and clicked "three times". No other witness has reported seeing this, any witnesses to Kinkel pulling the trigger three times to no effect stated it was put to the head of a girl on the ground (For example, Joshua Ryker: http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9A04E4DA1E39F930A15756C0A96E958260 ), and all witnesses stated that the gun was knocked out of Kinkel's hand by Jacob Ryker (Same article, for example), and it appears he was not credited in any official manner, such as the Memorial.)

And just for good measure, another article noting Joshua Pearson's involvement, including being wounded in the process of assisting: http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Forever+linked+by+violence.(General+News)-a0102507413

This really needs to be kept correct. PhoenixDragon69 (talk) 14:34, 24 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Thanks for updating the article. If you check the page history, you will see I reverted your changes not because I didn't believe you, but because the original source cited didn't back up the facts you added. Thanks for explanation above, but as I often say, you don't have to tell us about this on the talk page, simply show in the article, using citations to reliable sources what the story actually is, perhaps explaining contradictory information as needed. Your more recent additions, however, seem to have corrected the story using adequate citations. You may wish to note that, per the thread above, a consensus was reached that the name of the most prominent student to have helped stop the shooting was to be left out of the article. Perhaps it is time to revisit that consensus, but until a new consensus is reached it's probably better to leave the student's name out of the article. Katr67 (talk) 21:45, 24 February 2008 (UTC)

 * I know, I just figured it would be best to fully explain the changes, which seemed a bit out-of-place in the main article. A large problem here is that the news articles rarely ever have consensus. Articles quote one, two, five, and seven students involved, they have events happening in different orders, and just generally make it hard to accurately cite information because two legitimate news sources might have completely contradictory claims. Also, I should note that it doesn't seem that a consensus was reached, as the name was present in the article before my alterations. And I should point out that the assumption it's being done "for him" or by someone "close" to him simply because it comes from a neighboring town (As presented by many of the entries above) is rather flawed. Many in the area feel strongly about it, after all. PhoenixDragon69 (talk) 03:05, 25 February 2008 (UTC)

Not a teenager
Born in 1982, Kinkel stopped being a teenager in 2001. He's currently 27. The intro describes him as an "American teenager." I ommitted the word "teenager" from this description.71.34.106.57 (talk) 22:18, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

Negative view of Psychologist
There seems to be an unnecessarily negative view regarding Jeffrey Hicks' performance in treating Kip. The article says "[Hicks] had seen Kinkel for nine sessions, after which the boy's parents terminated the therapy." Look at how the previous sentence, "Jeffrey Hicks, the only psychologist who had treated Kinkel before the shootings, said that he was in satisfactory mental health" (which needs a source, by the way) pits the reader against Hicks. I think it is fair to mention that Hicks had diagnosed Kinkel with manic depression (or some variant thereof), and had prescribed Prozac to Kinkel, after which Kinkel seemed to improve. This improvement caused the parents to terminate the therapy, but only because they believed that Kip was on the mend and did not need further help.

Here's a timeline from PBS. It has a lot of information regarding Kinkel's treatment prior to the event, and a lot of it appears to be valuable information: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/kinkel/kip/cron.html

Someone might want to reword that "satisfactory mental health" comment. The PBS source above claims that "Hicks found no evidence of a thought disorder or psychosis. He diagnosed Kip with Major Depressive Disorder and concluded that 'Kip had difficulty with learning in school, had difficulty managing anger, some angry acting out and depression.'" To me, "satisfactory" means healthy, so for lack of further evidence, perhaps that sentence should be toned down.

I apologize for my lack of formality or proactivity regarding this.Pfhortipfhy (talk) 01:00, 20 October 2010 (UTC)

Infobox, sensitivty
The infobox bothers me. Especially listing his weapons. It seems a little too much like a collectors card from a role-playing game, listing "key stats". I'm also concerned by the "count" of fatalities and injuries, basically listing "kills." Is this a standard template for mass/serial killers? Is anybody else concerned that it glorifies violence? Noloop (talk) 17:47, 27 August 2011 (UTC)
 * It's common, it's part of the template, which seems to deal with a bad issue in a plain and uncensored way, which is in keeping with the way things are done on Wikipedia. It's probably worth discussing with the Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Criminal Biography/Serial Killer task force. tedder (talk) 18:30, 27 August 2011 (UTC)

 * I started a discussion at the Village Pump (before I saw your reply). Noloop (talk) 18:34, 27 August 2011 (UTC)
 * No problem. Either of those places are perfectly fine- it seemed a little too wide of a discussion for this talk page. tedder (talk) 18:39, 27 August 2011 (UTC)

Preoccupation with firearms
The article seems overly preoccupied with firearms, naming makes and models in ridiculous detail. Yet, it says nothing about Kinkel being under the influence of psychotropic drugs at the time of the murders. He was reportedly taking Prozac and Ritalin and had been attending "anger management" classes. The weapons have nothing to do with someone going on a killing rampage; a person's mental state is far more important, and is hardly discussed. Why? — QuicksilverT @ 21:00, 12 December 2012 (UTC)

Why is not mentioned that he is Jewish?
I find nothing about his religion in the article, why? --89.204.153.57 (talk) 12:42, 15 December 2012 (UTC)
 * Why is it important? ElKevbo (talk) 18:53, 15 December 2012 (UTC)

Sourcing
A quote from this article - "During the morning, he also played the song "Liebestod" from the soundtrack of Romeo + Juliet repeatedly. It was still playing when the police arrived at the residence."[1]

1 - Liebestod is from Tristan and Isolde, not Romeo and Juliet. 2 - The link to R & J takes you to the movie w Leonardo di Caprio, which I suppose doesn't matter b/c it's the wrong opera. 3 - The [1] reference takes the reader to a link from a PBS special about the event. There is no mention of that or any other song playing in the PBS story. So I have to wonder where you got this information since the source you reference is inadequate. I'm sure you worked hard on this piece but I have to wonder what else is factually inaccurate. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Joe Heff (talk • contribs) 02:32, 1 March 2013 (UTC)
 * I rephrased and added to this paragraph with wikilinks for better clarity. I agree, the prior wording could lead one astray. The citation is in the Frontline article linked in the reference. It is in the chronology at 9:30 AM, when the parents bodies are found by police. Thanks.   Fylbecatulous   talk  23:19, 21 June 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Kip Kinkel


text:
Rebound (2005 film)

Rebound is a 2005 American sports comedy film directed by Steve Carr. It stars Martin Lawrence as a disgraced college basketball coach who returns to his old middle school to coach the boys' basketball team.

This was also Tara Correa's only film role. She was murdered in a gang shooting on October 21, 2005, three months after the film's release.

Plot
Coach Roy McCormick was once college basketball's top mastermind. His attention began to turn to what endorsement contracts he could secure instead of actually coaching his team. Roy lets his temper get the best of him in most situations. After causing a mishap with a mascot, the board bans McCormick from collegiate basketball until he can show that he can control his anger. Roy's reputation has doomed him to being un-hireable as a long time passes with no job offers. However, McCormick then gets one job offer, from Mount Vernon Junior High School which was also where he graduated as a teenager. His alma mater's basketball team, the Smelters, is looking for somebody to coach the team, and the headmistress thinks an alumnus of his caliber in basketball would be ideal.

Although irritated, Roy realizes he has no other options and accepts the coaching job, figuring this is the way to prove he can control his anger and get back into the spotlight of college basketball. As Roy begins coaching the squad, he gets into an embarrassing situation that he's never been in before and decides, enough is enough. He eventually starts teaching the concepts of basketball to his new team, albeit placing paramount emphasis on sportsmanship. With teaching and learning being done between both Roy and the kids, the Smelters eventually start having success. Unexpectedly, this leads Roy to find out he's been missing his simple love of the game the whole time. Eventually Roy gains a new appreciation for his old school and figures that while it does not lead to big money endorsements, he can earn a comfortable living from this job.

Cast

 * Martin Lawrence as Coach Roy McCormick / Preacher Don McCormick, Roy's identical twin brother
 * Wendy Raquel Robinson as Jeanie Ellis
 * Breckin Meyer as Tim Fink
 * Horatio Sanz as Mr. Newirth
 * Oren Williams as Keith Ellis, Jeanie's son
 * Patrick Warburton as Larry Burgess
 * Megan Mullally as Principal Mary Walsh
 * Eddy Martin as One Love
 * Steven Christopher Parker as "Sledgehammer" Big Wes
 * Steven Anthony Lawrence as Ralph
 * Logan McElroy as Fuzzy
 * Gus Hoffman as Goggles
 * Tara Correa as Big Mac
 * Alia Shawkat as Amy
 * Amy Bruckner as Annie
 * Fred Stoller as Late Carl
 * Katt Micah Williams as Preacher Don's sidekick
 * Beau Billingslea as NCBA board member
 * Cody Linley as Larry Burgess Jr.
 * Robert Rusler as Falcon coach
 * Tom Arnold as himself
 * Gary Owen as Vulture mascot
 * Laura Kightlinger as Car repo lady
 * Tara Lynne Barr as Student
 * John Salley as himself
 * Marshall Bell as NCBA Vice President
 * Brian Palermo as Alumni Association Member #1
 * Matt McCoy as Alumni Association Member #2
 * Todd Glass as Referee Steve

Critical reception
Rebound received negative reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds a 14% rating, based on 91 reviews, with an average rating of 3.71/10. The site's consensus reads, "Rebound ought to entertain its target audience, but there's nothing here for those who've seen The Bad News Bears or its countless derivatives." On Metacritic, the film has a score of 36 out of 100, based on 25 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".

Box office
The film opened on July 1, 2005, and grossed $5,033,848 in its opening weekend, hitting #7; by the end of its run, the film had grossed $16,809,014 domestically and $683,000 internationally for a worldwide total of $17,492,014. Compared to its budget of $33.1 million, Rebound was a flop.

Music

 * Songs featured in the film
 * Treat 'Em Right by Chubb Rock
 * What's Up Doc? (Can We Rock) by Fu-Schnickens
 * Sweet Georgia Brown by Brother Bones
 * Brick House by The Commodores
 * Sledgehammer by Peter Gabriel
 * Keep Movin' by Dub Pistols
 * (Every Time I Turn Around) Back in Love Again by L.T.D.
 * Take Me to the Next Phase by The Isley Brothers
 * Hands Up by The Black Eyed Peas
 * Jump Around by House of Pain
 * Hey Ya! by Outkast
 * Puppy Love by Paul Anka
 * Unbelievable by EMF
 * Eye of the Tiger by Survivor

title: Rebound (2005 film)


text:
Zhao Hede

Zhao Hede (died c. April 7 BC ) was an imperial consort of the rank zhaoyi (昭儀) during the Han dynasty. She was a consort to Emperor Cheng and younger sister of the empress Zhao Feiyan.

Background
It is not known when Zhao Hede was born, but it is clear she was younger than her sister Feiyan. According to historical accounts, she was a daughter of two hereditary servants of imperial princes or princesses. Her father's name was Zhao Lin (趙臨). She was probably later assigned to the household of Princess Yang'a (陽阿公主), with her sister Zhao Feiyan, but that is not clear. What is clear is that when Emperor Cheng became enamored with her sister circa 19 BC, he took not only her sister, but also her, as imperial consorts, and they became highly favored, over Empress Xu and Consort Ban.

Imperial Consort
In 18 BC, they falsely accused Empress Xu and Consort Ban of witchcraft; Empress Xu was deposed, and while Consort Ban was able to successfully plead her case, she did not wish to return to the same environment and instead became a lady in waiting for Empress Dowager Wang. The Zhao sisters now dominated the palace. Feiyan was created empress in 16 BC.

After Feiyan was created empress; despite having the most outstanding and highest power a woman can have, and the first and unrivaled position in the emperor harem and the control of the imperial palace, she began to lose favor from Emperor Cheng; while her sister Hede acquired the eminent title of “Zhaoyi” (second in rank; one lower rank than the Empress, which meant “the concubine behind the Empress”), and received the nearly exclusive affection and proximity of Emperor Cheng. While the sisters initially were jealous of each other, they later reconciled, and continued to dominate the palace together. However, neither of them would produce any children who could serve as imperial heir—something greatly troubling to Emperor Cheng (whose earlier favorites Empress Xu and Consort Ban were also childless, and no other consort of whom was known to have had children).

Emperor Cheng so attached and loved Consort Zhao that the palace she lived in, Zhaoyang Palace (昭陽宮), was described in this way in the Book of Han:

 * The atrium of the palace was painted entirely scarlet red, while the bedchambers were painted black. The thresholds were made of copper, and were covered with gold.  The steps were carved from white jade, and the edge of the walls were largely trimmed with gold, and the palace was decorated with jade produced in Lantian (藍田, in modern Xi'an, Shaanxi), pearls, and feather-like crystallized jade.  Ever since there were imperial palaces, there has never been one so luxurious.

Consort Zhao was also described to have been so perfect in her beauty that when she arrived at the palace, every person who saw her could not stop praising her beauty. A senior lady in waiting to Emperor Cheng's grandfather Emperor Xuan named Chuofang Cheng (淖方成), however, commented: "She is water of disaster, and will surely put out the fire!" (A symbol of the Han dynasty is fire, so Chuofang was expressing her belief that Consort Zhao would lead to the destruction of the Han dynasty. The term that Chuofang used, huoshui (禍水), later became idiomatic to describe a woman who would lead to disaster, and is often extended to a longer form hongyan huoshui (红颜禍水) to describe women who were, fairly or not, viewed as the cause of their dynasties' destruction.)

Palace Intrigues
Consort Zhao and her sister Empress Zhao would also be alleged to have been involved in something even more sinister around this period. Based on an investigative report later authored in 6 BC (after the deaths of Emperor Cheng and Consort Zhao herself), Emperor Cheng had two sons—one born to Consort Cao in 12 BC and one born to Consort Xu (a relative of the deposed Empress Xu) in 11 BC. However, both of the sons were murdered in their infancy by orders of Consort Zhao, with at least tacit agreement from Emperor Cheng; Consort Cao was forced to commit suicide after her son was murdered. The report further alleged that the Zhao sisters engaged in many tactics, such as forced abortions, assassinations, and poisonings, to make sure that no other concubine would bear an imperial heir.

Emperor Cheng died suddenly in April 7 BC, apparently from a stroke. His death took place at the residence of Consort Zhao (although historians also report the possibility of an overdose of aphrodisiacs given to him by Consort Zhao). Immediately, there were many rumors that he had in fact had concubines who bore him sons, but that those sons and their mothers were murdered by Consort Zhao (out of jealousy) and possibly Emperor Cheng himself. On behalf of Empress Dowager Wang, Emperor Cheng's mother, accused Zhao Hede of killing her son the Emperor Cheng, and ordered an investigation into the matter and the removal of all Zhaos except Empress Zhao, who was honored as Empress Dowager. Grieving over the death of her husband, upset at the loss of her status and wealth and apparently fearful of reprisal, Consort Zhao Hede killed herself.

title: Zhao Hede


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User:Redwolf24/to do

 * Get 10,000 edits
 * Finish up on deleting those useless MediaWiki pages (I don't know who took over where I left off, but good job.) R  e  dwolf24  (talk)  Attention Washingtonians!  05:05, 1 December 2005 (UTC)

title: User:Redwolf24/to do


text:
Clonostachys

Clonostachys may refer to:
 * Clonostachys Klotzsch, 1841, a genus of plants in synonymy with Sebastiania
 * Clonostachys Corda, 1839, a genus of fungi including Clonostachys rosea f. rosea

title: Clonostachys


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Zygii

The Zygii (Ζυγοί, Zygoí) or Zygians were described by Strabo as a nation to the north of Colchis. He wrote: ''And on the sea lies the Asiatic side of the Bosporus, or the Syndic territory. After this latter, one comes to the Achaei and the Zygii and the Heniochi, and also the Cercetae and the Macropogones. And above these are situated the narrow passes of the Phtheirophagi (Phthirophagi); and after the Heniochi the Colchian country, which lies at the foot of the Caucasian, or Moschian, Mountains. (Strabo, Geographica'' 11.2)

William Smith observes that "they were partly nomad shepherds, partly brigands and pirates, for which latter vocation they had ships specially adapted". They inhabited the region known as Zyx, which is on the northern slopes of the Western Caucasus. To the east were the Avars. To the north was Sarmatian territory, and to the south lay the part of Colchis inhabited by the Svans (Soanes of Strabo and Pliny the Elder).

Initially, Zyx (Italian: Sychia, Georgian: ჯიქეთი, Jiqeti) in Greek literature referred to a people inhabiting the area between Gagra and Tuapse, who later expanded up to the estuary of the Kuban and the neighbouring region of historical Tmutarakan. This tribe also features in several ancient and medieval works, notably in Pliny (Zichoi), Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos, medieval Georgian chroniclers (Georgian: ჯიქები, Jikebi), Marco Polo, and Johannes de Galonifontibus, who, in his Libellus de notitia orbis, speaks of "Zikia or Circassia" and their language, perhaps the earliest reference to the Northwest Caucasian languages.

Researchers assume that the Zygii spoke a Northwest Caucasian language. Northwest Caucasian hydro- and toponyms, traditional names of rulers and also the seamless transition from the Zygii and the Cercetae, whose designations were subsequently replaced with the names of several Circassian tribes, confirm this.

title: Zygii


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Microstachys

Microstachys is a genus of plants in the Euphorbiaceae first described as a genus in 1824. It is native to tropical Africa, southern Asia, Australia, Papuasia, Mesoamerica, the West Indies, and South America.

• # Microstachys acetosella - Angola, Zambia
 * Species

• # Microstachys bidentata - Brazil, Bolivia, Suriname, Venezuela

• # Microstachys chamaelea - W Africa, India, Sri Lanka, S China, Indochina, Malaysia, W Indonesia, Solomon Islands, N Australia

• # Microstachys corniculata - from NW Mexico + West Indies south to Paraguay

• # Microstachys dalzielii - W Africa

• # Microstachys daphnoides - Bahia, Minas Gerais, Goiás

• # Microstachys ditassoides - Brazil

• # Microstachys faradianensis - W Africa

• # Microstachys glandulosa - Minas Gerais

• # Microstachys heterodoxa - Bahia

• # Microstachys hispida - Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, N Argentina

• # Microstachys marginata - Bahia, Minas Gerais

• # Microstachys nana - Paraná

• # Microstachys nummularifolia - Minas Gerais

• # Microstachys revoluta - Bahia

• # Microstachys serrulata - Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay

• # Microstachys stipulacea - Uruguay, S Brazil

• # Microstachys uleana - Bahia

moved to other genera (Micrococca Sebastiania )
 * formerly included
 * M. mercurialis - Micrococca mercurialis
 * M. ramosissima - Sebastiania brasiliensis

title: Microstachys


text:
Category:Subprefectures in Tokyo

Subprefectures in Tokyo, Japan.

title: Category:Subprefectures in Tokyo


text:
Ian Redpath

Ian Ritchie Redpath (born 11 May 1941) is an Australian former international cricketer who played in 66 Test matches and five One Day Internationals between 1964 and 1976. Greg Chappell said he was one of only two players he knew who would kill to get into the Australian Test team, the other being Rod Marsh.

Career
Educated at Geelong College, Redpath played first-class cricket for Victoria in 92 matches, scoring 6,103 runs with a highest score of 261 made in only his tenth first-class innings, scored in February 1962 against a Queensland attack including Wes Hall.

He made his test debut on New Year's Day at Melbourne in the second test of the 1963–64 series against South Africa. Opening the batting with Bill Lawry, the pair added 219 before Redpath was bowled on 97. Redpath was the last Australian Test cricketer to play as an amateur. He declined the match fee in his early Tests in order not to jeopardise his amateur football career.

With his lean, gangly body and long neck, Redpath attracted the early nickname "Gandhi" among his teammates. However, when some concerns about this were expressed by local fans on the Australian tour of India in 1964–65, his colleagues permanently reverted to the simpler "Redders". Originally a sweet striker of the ball, Redpath turned into something of a stonewaller, with impressive powers of concentration and a sound technique. He matured late. It would not be until the Sydney test of February 1969 against the West Indies that he reached his maiden test century. In that same series, at Adelaide, he was infamously run out backing up at the bowler's end by Charlie Griffith, without the customary warning from the bowler.

Having broken through with a big score, Redpath flourished and proceeded to score seven Test centuries in the second half of his career, including five in his final 15 Tests, and three in his final test series in 1975–76 whilst opening the batting against a vaunted West Indian fast bowling attack featuring Michael Holding and Andy Roberts. It was not until his penultimate test that he struck his first six, advancing down the wicket to loft Lance Gibbs over the fence. Having done so, he promptly hit another six in the same innings. Considered the most correct batsman in the world by Trevor Goddard in 1966–67, in his maturity, he was a fine player of spin bowling.

Vice-captaincy
He was Australian vice captain to Ian Chappell in 1974–75, and to Greg Chappell in 1975–76. He was batting when the young Greg Chappell made a century on debut against England in 1970–71, who later wrote My first innings in Test cricket was, as you might expect, a trying experience, but proved to be one of the best cricket lessons of my career, thanks to Ian Redpath. I came to the wicket with Australia reeling at 5/107 to join "Redders", who had watched three quick wickets fall at the other end. Illingworth and Snow, sensing that one more wicket would see them through our batting line up, stepped up their attack on the senior member of our partnership. "Snowy" concentrated his attack short of a length on "Redders" off-stump, with a liberal sprinkling of shorter pitched balls for good measure. Ian made a point of not playing at anything he didn't have to and ducked or swayed away from the shorter deliveries. Each time he swayed or ducked he came back to the upright position and sneered at "Snowy". It may not have looked all that pretty, but it was pretty effective as both Illingworth and Snow became more and more frustrated. Ian's example at the other end made me feel that if it meant that much to him to keep his wicket intact then I had better make sure I try just as hard at my end to keep mine intact. Fortunately we both succeeded and our partnership put us into a sound position, but from my point of view I had received an invaluable lesson in what Test match batting was all about from one of the most courageous batsmen ever to play for Australia.

In that match, Redpath made his highest Test score of 171 before he was caught and bowled by Ray Illingworth. He and the younger Chappell put on 219 for the sixth wicket. Redpath made 497 runs (49.70) in the series and the England fast bowler John Snow wrote "I liked bowling to him least of all" and added that he was "a real nuisance batsman".

At Auckland in 1973–74, he carried his bat for 159* out of a total of 346 against New Zealand. Redpath shared a first-wicket century stand in Tests with four different partners – Bill Lawry, Keith Stackpole, Rick McCosker and Alan Turner.

Redpath was widely regarded as an affable individual. However, during player payment negotiations in 1974–75, despite record takings at the gate, the Australian Cricket Board refused any thought of a player pay rise. When Australian Cricket Board administrator Alan Barnes told a dressing room of Australian cricketers that there were 50,000 others who would be prepared to play for Australia for nothing, the normally mild mannered Redpath reacted. According to Ian Chappell, Redpath grabbed Barnes around the throat and had him up against a wall, saying "You bloody idiot. Of course there are 500,000 out there who would play for nothing. But how bloody good would the Australian team be?"

Previously, when then captain Bill Lawry drafted a stinging letter to the board critical of the arrangements that players had been forced to endure on the combined tours of India and South Africa in 1969–70, Redpath proposed that all the players should sign it. Lawry demurred, signing it only in his own name. This sealed the fate of Lawry's career. Redpath was one of the few to survive that disastrous tour of South Africa with a reputation intact, averaging 47.17 in the four Tests. During an innings on tour of 152 against Orange Free State at Bloemfontein, he scored 32 runs off a six-ball over, which remains a record for any Australian in first class cricket.

An outstanding fieldsman in the slips or at short leg, Redpath took 83 Test catches. His bowling was undistinguished; he was once called for throwing against Glamorgan in 1964.

World Series Cricket
Redpath retired from Test cricket in order to devote himself full-time to proprietorship of an antique business in Geelong. He had already declined the 1975 Ashes tour to tend to this neglected enterprise. However his absence from top cricket was brief. After a season out of the game, he signed for World Series Cricket, lured by a personal visit to Geelong by Kerry Packer's lieutenant Austin Robertson, and despite Packer's initial reluctance to contract the Victorian. As with many of his colleagues, the personal costs of supporting the rebel entrepreneur were significant; after two decades of service to the South Melbourne Cricket Club, Redpath was made persona non-grata. In an early world series match at Kardinia Park, Geelong in 1977–78, Redpath snapped his Achilles tendon, an injury that ruled him out for the season. Packer declared that Redpath would be paid for the duration. The Victorian repaid the loyalty by returning again for 1978–79, playing mainly in World Series country cup games. He was recalled for international duties once more, playing two supertests at the age of 37. At Sydney, against the by then fearsome West Indies XI attack, he took blow after blow on the body, holding out for 143 minutes to make 9, and adding 71 critical runs with David Hookes which contributed to an improbable 10 wicket victory for the Australian XI.

He remains among Victoria's top ten run-makers of all time. Years after his WSC days, Redpath was accepted back into the Victorian fold and appointed as the coach of Victoria.

Later life
He was awarded an MBE in 1975. He wrote his cricketing memoirs, Always Reddy, with Neill Phillipson in 1976. After retiring from playing, he coached Victoria.

He is now retired from the antique business, but remains active at the Geelong Cricket Club.

title: Ian Redpath


text:
Bagrat IV

Bagrat IV may refer to:

 * Bagrat IV of Georgia, King in 1027–1072
 * Bagrat IV of Imereti, King in 1589–1590

title: Bagrat IV