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Agustín Lara

Ángel Agustín María Carlos Fausto Mariano Alfonso del Sagrado Corazón de Jesús Lara y Aguirre del Pino (October 30, 1897 – November 6, 1970), known as Agustín Lara, was a Mexican composer and performer of songs and boleros. He is recognized as one of the most popular songwriters of his era. His work was widely appreciated not only in Mexico but also in Central and South America, the Caribbean and Spain. After his death, he has also been recognized in the United States, Italy, and Japan.

Notable performers of his work include Pedro Vargas who was a friend, Juan Arvizu, Nestor Mesta Chayres, Pedro Infante, Javier Solís, Julio Iglesias, Manuel Mijares, Vicente Fernández, Luis Miguel, Pérez Prado, Chavela Vargas, and Natalia Lafourcade among others.

Outside the Spanish speaking world, his most famous songs are Granada, Solamente Una Vez (You Belong to My Heart) and Piensa en mí, which have both been recorded by numerous international singers, including Enrico Caruso, Mario Lanza, and José Carreras.

Biography
Lara was born in Tlacotalpan, Veracruz to Joaquín Lara and Mara Aguirre del Pino. Later, the Lara family had to move to Mexico City, establishing their house in the borough of Coyoacán. After their mother died, Agustín and his siblings lived in a hospice run by their aunt. It was there that he had his first contact with music.

Lara's first musical composition was Marucha, written in honor of one of his first loves. In 1927 he already was working in cabarets. It was around this time that he was involved in an argument with a showgirl named Estrella, who slashed him in the face with a broken bottle, leaving a distinct scar (a Glasgow smile) on his cheek. He subsequently moved to Puebla, but returned to Mexico City in 1928. That same year he started working for the tenor Juan Arvizu as composer and accompanist. In September 1930, Lara began a successful radio career. At the same time he acted and composed songs for such films as Santa.

Lara's first tour, to Cuba in 1933, was a failure because of political turmoil on the island. Later, more successful tours in South America, as well as such new compositions as Solamente Una Vez (composed in Buenos Aires and dedicated to José Mojica), Veracruz, Tropicana, and Pecadora increased his fame.

In 1934 he went to Los Angeles, where he did multiple concerts at the California Theatre. He would later return to the city to write songs for Tropic Holiday (1938), a musical film.

By the beginning of the 1940s, Lara was well known in Spain. In 1965, the Spanish dictator Francisco Franco, gave him a house in Granada to show his appreciation of Lara's songs with Spanish themes, such as Toledo, Cuerdas de mi Guitarra, Granada, Seville and Madrid. He received additional honors and decorations from around the world.

His career was portrayed in the 1959 Mexican film The Life of Agustín Lara.

In 1968, Lara's health began to decline rapidly; and a fall that occurred on October 16, 1970, fractured his pelvis. He was hospitalized under the false name of Carlos Flores, but the press learned about his hospitalization anyway. The next day, October 17, 1970, he experienced cardiorespiratory arrest in the elevator while being transferred to the intensive care unit. He never regained consciousness, and on November 6, 1970, Lara died. He was buried in Mexico City. By the time of his death, Lara had written more than 700 songs.

A biography of him, "Agustín Lara: Vida y Pasiones", was written by his friend Javier Ruiz Rueda.

Family
Agustín was a son of Joaquín Lara and his wife María Aguirre y Pino. He had an aunt named Refugio Aguirre del Pino and younger sister, María Teresa Lara. He married María Félix and Rocío Durán (whom he adopted) and was a stepfather to the actor Enrique Álvarez Félix, who died in 1996.

Sons of Lara are Gerardo Agustín Lara Santacruz (with sixth wife Yolanda Santacruz Gasca) and Agustín Lara Lárraga (biological son of actress Vianey Lárraga, one of Lara's wives).

Selected filmography

 * Melodies of America (1941)
 * Mujer en condominio (1958) including the song "Arroyito", composed and sung by Lara in the film

title: Agustín Lara


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Boldklubben 1913

Boldklubben 1913 is a Danish football club which plays in Denmark Series. They play at Campus Road, in Odense on Funen. B1913 spent one season in the 1961–62 European Cup, which is the club's most notable international appearance.

From the 2006–07 season to the 2012–13 season, they merged with B 1909, and Dalum IF, to form the joint venture FC Fyn who contested in the Danish 2nd Division and in the Danish 1st Division.

Honours
‡: Honour achieved by reserve team R: Status as a reserve team for FC Fyn
 * Danish football championship
 * Runners-up (3): 1923–24, 1962, 1963
 * Danish Cup
 * Winners (1): 1962–63
 * Provinsmesterskabsturneringen
 * Winners (2): 1924, 1930
 * Funen Football Championship
 * Winners (13): 1922–23, 1923–24, 1927–28, 1929–30, 1932–33, 1933–34, 1935–36, 1955–56‡, 1984‡, 1991‡, 2000‡, 2003‡, 2015–16, 2019–20
 * Runners-up (6): 1924–25, 1925–26, 1926–27, 1942–43‡, 1962‡, 2006R
 * FBUs Pokalturnering
 * Winners (10): 1925, 1926, 1927, 1932, 1934, 1935, 1937, 1939, 1946, 1952
 * Runners-up (5): 1930, 1936, 1940, 1941, 1951

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Boldklubben 1913


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Cortébert

Cortébert is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is located in the French-speaking part of the canton in the Jura mountains.

History
Cortébert is first mentioned in 1178 as Cortaibert.

In 1179 the cathedral chapters of Saint-Imier and Moutier-Grandval are listed as major land owners in Cortébert. The Seignory of Erguel held the village as a fief for the Diocese of Basel.

In 1530 Biel introduced the Protestant Reformation into the parish of Corgémont which included the village of Cortébert.

During the Early Modern era the village had a successful agricultural and small scale handicraft economy. A number of houses and workshops were built during the 16th through 19th century, many of which still exist in the center of the village. In 1865, the watch manufacturer Raiguel Juillard et Cie opened a factory in the village. It was later renamed Cortébert Watch & Co. The watch factory changed the entire socio-economic structure of the village. A village school opened in 1872, though it and the municipal archives were both destroyed in a fire in 1959. A train station opened in 1874, followed by a Reformed chapel in 1902. In 1938 a pumping station was built in the municipality which provided water to the villages in the Franches-Montagnes plateau. However, in the 1930s, during the Great Depression, demand for watches plummeted which devastated the municipal economy. Cortébert Watch struggled to remain in operation until 1962 when it finally closed. In the 1990s, a new industrial and shopping zone was created in the west of the village.

Geography

Cortébert has an area of. Of this area, 7.28 km2 or 49.3% is used for agricultural purposes, while 7.05 km2 or 47.7% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 0.47 km2 or 3.2% is settled (buildings or roads) and 0.02 km2 or 0.1% is unproductive land.

Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 1.4% and transportation infrastructure made up 1.4%. Out of the forested land, 42.2% of the total land area is heavily forested and 5.5% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 13.3% is used for growing crops and 9.1% is pastures and 26.8% is used for alpine pastures.

It consists of the village of Cortébert and the hamlet of Prés de Cortébert.

On 31 December 2009 District de Courtelary, the municipality's former district, was dissolved. On the following day, 1 January 2010, it joined the newly created Arrondissement administratif Jura bernois.

Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Argent on a Bend wavy Azure a Trout of the first. The trout symbolizes the numerous fish of the nearby Suze river.

Demographics
Cortébert has a population of. , 10.8% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2000-2010) the population has changed at a rate of -2.9%. Migration accounted for -4.8%, while births and deaths accounted for 2.6%.

Most of the population speaks French (527 or 73.8%) as their first language, German is the second most common (133 or 18.6%) and Italian is the third (23 or 3.2%). There is 1 person who speaks Romansh.

, the population was 51.8% male and 48.2% female. The population was made up of 322 Swiss men (45.8% of the population) and 42 (6.0%) non-Swiss men. There were 305 Swiss women (43.4%) and 34 (4.8%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 206 or about 28.9% were born in Cortébert and lived there in 2000. There were 228 or 31.9% who were born in the same canton, while 124 or 17.4% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 125 or 17.5% were born outside of Switzerland.

, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 22.2% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 60.7% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 17.1%.

, there were 299 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 336 married individuals, 39 widows or widowers and 40 individuals who are divorced.

, there were 87 households that consist of only one person and 25 households with five or more people. , a total of 286 apartments (84.4% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 31 apartments (9.1%) were seasonally occupied and 22 apartments (6.5%) were empty. The vacancy rate for the municipality,, was 4.14%.

The historical population is given in the following chart:

Sights
The entire village of Cortébert is designated as part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites.

Politics
In the 2011 federal election the most popular party was the Swiss People's Party (SVP) which received 35.2% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the Social Democratic Party (SP) (23.3%), the Green Party (10.8%) and the FDP.The Liberals (7.9%). In the federal election, a total of 178 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 35.7%.

Economy
, Cortébert had an unemployment rate of 2.2%. , there were a total of 186 people employed in the municipality. Of these, there were 50 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 18 businesses involved in this sector. 50 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 8 businesses in this sector. 86 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 22 businesses in this sector.

there were a total of 135 full-time equivalent jobs. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 29, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 46 of which 33 or (71.7%) were in manufacturing and 14 (30.4%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 60. In the tertiary sector; 16 or 26.7% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 3 or 5.0% were in the movement and storage of goods, 14 or 23.3% were in a hotel or restaurant, 1 was in the information industry, 5 or 8.3% were in education and 17 or 28.3% were in health care.

, there were 32 workers who commuted into the municipality and 272 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 8.5 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. Of the working population, 17.1% used public transportation to get to work, and 58.1% used a private car.

Religion
From the, 186 or 26.1% were Roman Catholic, while 361 or 50.6% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 2 members of an Orthodox church (or about 0.28% of the population), there were 4 individuals (or about 0.56% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 69 individuals (or about 9.66% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 24 (or about 3.36% of the population) who were Islamic. There were 6 individuals who were Buddhist and 1 individual who belonged to another church. 74 (or about 10.36% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 21 individuals (or about 2.94% of the population) did not answer the question.

Education
In Cortébert about 262 or (36.7%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 52 or (7.3%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 52 who completed tertiary schooling, 59.6% were Swiss men, 26.9% were Swiss women.

The Canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend additional schooling or they may enter an apprenticeship.

During the 2010–11 school year, there were a total of 61 students attending classes in Cortébert. There was one kindergarten class with a total of 9 students in the municipality. Of the kindergarten students, and 22.2% have a different mother language than the classroom language. The municipality had 3 primary classes and 51 students. Of the primary students, 3.9% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 35.3% have a different mother language than the classroom language. During the same year, there was one lower secondary class with a total of one student. and 100.0% have a different mother language than the classroom language.

, there were 2 students in Cortébert who came from another municipality, while 45 residents attended schools outside the municipality.

Cortébert is home to the Bibliothèque communale de Cortébert library. The library has 1,849 books or other media, and loaned out 1,518 items in the same year. It was open a total of 38 days with average of 1 hours per week during that year.

Transportation
The municipality has a railway station, Cortébert. The station is located on the Biel/Bienne–La Chaux-de-Fonds line and has hourly service to Biel/Bienne and La Chaux-de-Fonds.

title: Cortébert


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La Heutte

La Heutte is a former municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is located in the French-speaking Bernese Jura (Jura Bernois). On 1 January 2015 the former municipalities of Péry and La Heutte merged to form the new municipality of Péry-La Heutte.

History
La Heutte was first mentioned in 1393 as Hütte. It was first called by the current name in 1727.

A glass-hut or glassworks was mentioned in the area as part of a fief of the d'Orsans family in 1370. While a village was not mentioned then, by 1393 a village had grown around the glassworks. It was part of the seigniory of Erguel in the Diocese of Basel. It was part of the parish of Péry. So La Heutte adopted the Protestant Reformation in 1530, when Biel converted the entire parish of Péry to the new faith. During the 18th century, Biel attempted to expand its power, which caused frequent conflicts with the neighboring villages, including La Heutte.

The first glass factory, at Le Van north of the village, dates from before 1370. Another glass factory opened in the valley at the end of the 15th century and remained in operation until the early 17th century. Between 1650 and 1750 the village expanded toward the Suze river as the population grew. A thriving pottery industry and a large mill developed along the river. The first school was built in the 1839. In 1876 a train station was built in the village, which encouraged the growth of the watch industry. Two years later, the Ammann watch factory opened in the old Bendit mill. In 1895 the Urania Watch Company replaced Ammann in the mill. It was, in turn, replaced by the Weber wire drawing factory in 1938. During a watchmaking boom between 1950 and 1974, numerous small watch and watch part workshops opened in the village. The A16 motorway connected La Heutte with Biel in 1985, transforming the village into a bedroom community.

In 1995 about a dozen tracks of three-toed dinosaurs were discovered in the municipality.

Geography
La Heutte is located in the lower part of Vallon de Saint-Imier, 6 km from the town of Biel/Bienne. It is located in the narrow Suze valley that lies on the old Roman road between Augusta Raurica (Augst) und Petinesca (Studen).

Before the merger, La Heutte had a total area of 8.1 km2. Of this area, 2 km2 or 24.8% is used for agricultural purposes, while 5.24 km2 or 64.9% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 0.74 km2 or 9.2% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.03 km2 or 0.4% is either rivers or lakes and 0.05 km2 or 0.6% is unproductive land.

Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 1.9% and transportation infrastructure made up 4.0%. Power and water infrastructure as well as other special developed areas made up 2.8% of the area Out of the forested land, 62.7% of the total land area is heavily forested and 2.1% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 5.9% is used for growing crops and 9.5% is pastures and 9.0% is used for alpine pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water.

On 31 December 2009 District de Courtelary, the municipality's former district, was dissolved. On the following day, 1 January 2010, it joined the newly created Arrondissement administratif Jura bernois.

Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Gules on a Base Sable a Glassworks Argent roofed of the second.

Demographics
La Heutte had a population (as of 2013) of 485. , 11.6% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2000-2010) the population has changed at a rate of -1.6%. Migration accounted for -5.1%, while births and deaths accounted for 4.1%.

Most of the population speaks French (367 or 75.2%) as their first language, German is the second most common (98 or 20.1%) and Spanish is the third (14 or 2.9%). There are 8 people who speak Italian.

, the population was 52.6% male and 47.4% female. The population was made up of 226 Swiss men (46.8% of the population) and 28 (5.8%) non-Swiss men. There were 201 Swiss women (41.6%) and 28 (5.8%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 131 or about 26.8% were born in La Heutte and lived there in 2000. There were 207 or 42.4% who were born in the same canton, while 74 or 15.2% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 63 or 12.9% were born outside of Switzerland.

, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 24% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 57.8% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 18.2%.

, there were 171 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 261 married individuals, 30 widows or widowers and 26 individuals who are divorced.

, there were 36 households that consist of only one person and 11 households with five or more people. , a total of 194 apartments (86.2% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 20 apartments (8.9%) were seasonally occupied and 11 apartments (4.9%) were empty. The vacancy rate for the municipality,, was 0.39%.

The historical population is given in the following chart:

Heritage sites of national significance
The Le Van, a medieval glass factory, is listed as a Swiss heritage site of national significance.

Politics
In the 2011 federal election the most popular party was the Swiss People's Party (SVP) which received 32.7% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the Social Democratic Party (SP) (28.5%), the Conservative Democratic Party (BDP) (9.3%) and the Conservative Democratic Party (BDP) (9.3%). In the federal election, a total of 127 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 36.6%.

Economy
, La Heutte had an unemployment rate of 1.74%. , there were a total of 72 people employed in the municipality. Of these, there were 10 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 4 businesses involved in this sector. 11 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 3 businesses in this sector. 51 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 9 businesses in this sector.

there were a total of 56 full-time equivalent jobs. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 7, all in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 11, all in manufacturing. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 38. In the tertiary sector; 5 or 13.2% were in a hotel or restaurant, 10 or 26.3% were in education and 10 or 26.3% were in health care.

, there were 28 workers who commuted into the municipality and 224 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 8.0 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. Of the working population, 20.1% used public transportation to get to work, and 65.1% used a private car.

Religion
From the, 127 or 26.0% were Roman Catholic, while 282 or 57.8% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 28 individuals (or about 5.74% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There was 1 individual who was Islamic. There were 1 individual who belonged to another church. 45 (or about 9.22% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 16 individuals (or about 3.28% of the population) did not answer the question.

Education
In La Heutte about 204 or (41.8%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 34 or (7.0%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 34 who completed tertiary schooling, 55.9% were Swiss men, 23.5% were Swiss women, 14.7% were non-Swiss men.

The Canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend additional schooling or they may enter an apprenticeship.

During the 2010–11 school year, there were a total of 50 students attending classes in La Heutte. There was one kindergarten class with a total of 14 students in the municipality. Of the kindergarten students, 14.3% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 21.4% have a different mother language than the classroom language. The municipality had 2 primary classes and 36 students. Of the primary students, 16.7% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 27.8% have a different mother language than the classroom language.

, there were 21 students from La Heutte who attended schools outside the municipality.

title: La Heutte


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Mont-Tramelan

Mont-Tramelan is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is located in the French-speaking Bernese Jura (Jura Bernois). While the majority of the population speaks German, the German form of the municipality name, Tramlingen-Berg, is no longer used. Even though it is in the French-speaking part of the canton of Bern, there is a German public school.

History
Around 1570 the Prince-Bishop of Basel allowed Anabaptist refugees from the Emmental to settle in the seigniory of Erguel, including in the area that would become Mont-Tramelan. The farms in the area were part of the parish of Tramelan, which adopted the Reformed faith in 1530. At the beginning of the 17th Century, a family from Neuchâtel founded the community which was known as Montagnes de la paroisse de Tramelan. The earliest record of the community is from 1647 when it was known simply as la Montagne. In 1685 it was acknowledged by the Bishop. Following the 1798 French invasion, Mont-Tramelan became a commune under French rule. It remained under French authority until 1814 and in following year became part of the Canton of Bern.

During the 19th century, the watch making industry flourished in the French-speaking Jura region. The majority of the francophone families of Mont-Tramelan abandoned their farms and moved to the nearby watch making towns, leaving a German-speaking majority in the villages. In 1897, the formerly private Baptist school in the village became a German-speaking public school for the municipality. A new German speaking school was built in 1953. In 1942, German became the official municipal language. This decision created a German-speaking enclave in a French-speaking district at a time when the Jurassic separatism movement was beginning to grow.

In 1938 Mont-Tramelan joined the Syndicat des eaux Franches-Montagnes which built a pump station at Cortébert to supply water to the municipalities and farms of the region. Agriculture is still the main source of income of the population.

Geography
Mont-Tramelan has an area of. Of this area, 2.78 km2 or 60.0% is used for agricultural purposes, while 1.76 km2 or 38.0% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 0.13 km2 or 2.8% is settled (buildings or roads).

Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 1.1% and transportation infrastructure made up 1.7%. Out of the forested land, 29.4% of the total land area is heavily forested and 8.6% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 4.8% is used for growing crops and 52.1% is pastures and 3.0% is used for alpine pastures.

It consists of several scattered settlements (Les Fontaines, La Paule und Les Places) which are all about 1000 m above sea level.

On 31 December 2009 District de Courtelary, the municipality's former district, was dissolved. On the following day, 1 January 2010, it joined the newly created Arrondissement administratif Jura bernois.

Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Gules on a Bend sinister Argent three Linden Leaves of the first issuant from chief and a Mount of 3 Coupeaux of the second.

Demographics
Mont-Tramelan has a population of. , 0.8% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2000-2010) the population has changed at a rate of -6.2%. Migration accounted for -4.7%, while births and deaths accounted for -1.6%.

Most of the population speaks German (82 or 70.7%) as their first language, French is the second most common (30 or 25.9%) and Serbo-Croatian is the third (3 or 2.6%).

, the population was 46.7% male and 53.3% female. The population was made up of 55 Swiss men (45.8% of the population) and 1 (0.8%) non-Swiss men. There were 64 Swiss women (53.3%) and (0.0%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 62 or about 53.4% were born in Mont-Tramelan and lived there in 2000. There were 38 or 32.8% who were born in the same canton, while 6 or 5.2% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 10 or 8.6% were born outside of Switzerland.

, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 27.5% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 52.5% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 20%.

, there were 45 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 65 married individuals, 6 widows or widowers and individuals who are divorced.

, there were 7 households that consist of only one person and 5 households with five or more people. , a total of 41 apartments (82.0% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 8 apartments (16.0%) were seasonally occupied and one apartment was empty.

The historical population is given in the following chart:

Politics
In the 2011 federal election, the most popular party was the Swiss People's Party (SVP) which received 36.4% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the Evangelical People's Party (EVP) and the Christian Social Party (CSP) (both with 24.1%) and the Conservative Democratic Party (BDP) (13.7%). In the federal election, a total of 63 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 60.6%.

Economy
, Mont-Tramelan had an unemployment rate of 0.38%. , there were a total of 56 people employed in the municipality. Of these, there were 49 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 14 businesses involved in this sector. 1 person was employed in the secondary sector and there was 1 business in this sector. 6 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 2 businesses in this sector.

there were a total of 33 full-time equivalent jobs. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 28, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 1, in manufacturing. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 4. In the tertiary sector; 1 was in a hotel or restaurant and 2 were in education.

, there were 3 workers who commuted into the municipality and 22 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 7.3 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. Of the working population, 1.6% used public transportation to get to work, and 31.3% used a private car.

Religion
From the, eight residents (or 6.9%) were Roman Catholic, while 30 or 25.9% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were four members of an Orthodox church (or about 3.45% of the population), and there were 16 individuals (or about 13.79% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. Seven people (or about 6.03% of the population) belonged to no church, were agnostic or atheist, and one individual (or about 0.86% of the population) did not answer the question.

Education
In Mont-Tramelan about 42 or (36.2%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 11 or (9.5%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 11 who completed tertiary schooling, 63.6% were Swiss men, 27.3% were Swiss women.

The Canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend additional schooling or they may enter an apprenticeship.

Even though the municipality is in a French-speaking district, the municipal school is German speaking. During the 2010–11 school year, there were a total of 23 students attending classes in Mont-Tramelan. There were no kindergarten classes in the municipality. The municipality had one primary class and 16 students. Of the primary students 12.5% do not speak German as their mother language. During the same year, there was one lower secondary class with a total of 7 students of which 14.3% do not speak German as their mother language.

, there were 4 students in Mont-Tramelan who came from another municipality, while 11 residents attended schools outside the municipality.

title: Mont-Tramelan


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Orvin

Orvin is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is located in the French-speaking Bernese Jura (Jura Bernois). Above it, there is a small year round resort, called les "Prés-d'Orvin".

History
Orvin is first mentioned in 866 as Ulvinc.

In 999 King Rudolph III of Burgundy gave Moutier-Grandval Abbey and its lands, including Orvin, to the Prince-Bishop of Basel. The village remained under the Bishop's direct control until 1295, when the Lords of Orvin received the village as a fief. They held the village until the end of the 14th century, after which it passed to the d'Orsans family and then the Lords of Rondchâtel. After the Rondchâtel line died out, the village returned to the Bishop's control who placed it under the ecclesiastical vogt of Biel. The first town charter of 1352 was expanded and revised in 1643 and confirmed by the Bishop in 1668. It remained in effect until the end of the Ancien Régime. Starting in the 14th century, the feudal levies of Orvin were part of a company from Erguel and under the control of Biel. However, between 1649 and 1852, they formed a separate company with its own banner. The military company became a major local corporation, which became quite wealthy through offering loans.

The old village church of St. Peter was part of the diocese of Lausanne, while the town was owned by the Bishop of Basel. St. Peter's was eventually demolished and a late-Gothic church was built in another location. That church was demolished in 1722 and replaced by the current Baroque church, which was decorated in 1916 by Paul Robert. The village accepted the Protestant Reformation in 1530. In the 17th century, the population was afflicted by several witch trials.

After the 1797 French victory and the Treaty of Campo Formio, Orvin became part of the French Département of Mont-Terrible. Three years later, in 1800 it became part of the Département of Haut-Rhin. After Napoleon's defeat and the Congress of Vienna, Orvin was assigned to the Canton of Bern.

During the late 19th century, the municipality remained isolated from the growing Swiss railroad network. It remained generally agrarian and in 1930 had 95 farms. However, in the 1950s the population began to grow as good roads were built into the village. In the following twenty years the population increased by nearly one-third. As the population grew, several factories opened in Orvin. In 1954 the first factory, the Schäublin factory, opened in the municipality. It was followed by a Bulova factory in 1964, the Léchot company in 1961, LNS company in 1973 and Precimed in 1988. By 2005 only 10% of the working population worked in agriculture, while almost two-thirds worked in industry. The resort village of Les Prés-d'Orvin grew rapidly as residents of Biel and Solothurn bought chalets. In 1951 there were 181 houses in Les Prés-d'Orvin, while in 1975 it had increased to 332.

Geography
Orvin has an area of. Of this area, 8.12 km2 or 37.6% is used for agricultural purposes, while 12.36 km2 or 57.2% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 1.04 km2 or 4.8% is settled (buildings or roads) and 0.12 km2 or 0.6% is unproductive land.

Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 3.0% and transportation infrastructure made up 1.5%. Out of the forested land, 52.3% of the total land area is heavily forested and 5.0% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 7.3% is used for growing crops and 11.5% is pastures and 18.2% is used for alpine pastures.

It is located north of Biel/Bienne in a side valley of the Suze river.

On 31 December 2009 District de Courtelary, the municipality's former district, was dissolved. On the following day, 1 January 2010, it joined the newly created Arrondissement administratif Jura bernois.

Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Or on a Base Vert a Peasant clead Gules with a spear Sable topped Argent fighting a Bear rampant Sable langued armed and viriled of the third.

Demographics
Orvin has a population of. , 9.1% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2000-2010) the population has changed at a rate of -4%. Migration accounted for 3.5%, while births and deaths accounted for -1.4%.

Most of the population speaks French (1,019 or 82.5%) as their first language, German is the second most common (175 or 14.2%) and Albanian is the third (15 or 1.2%). There are 6 people who speak Italian.

, the population was 50.5% male and 49.5% female. The population was made up of 545 Swiss men (45.7% of the population) and 57 (4.8%) non-Swiss men. There were 539 Swiss women (45.2%) and 51 (4.3%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 463 or about 37.5% were born in Orvin and lived there in 2000. There were 384 or 31.1% who were born in the same canton, while 178 or 14.4% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 131 or 10.6% were born outside of Switzerland.

, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 21.7% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 58.2% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 20.1%.

, there were 479 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 593 married individuals, 101 widows or widowers and 62 individuals who are divorced.

, there were 181 households that consist of only one person and 32 households with five or more people. , a total of 474 apartments (59.0% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 293 apartments (36.4%) were seasonally occupied and 37 apartments (4.6%) were empty. , the construction rate of new housing units was 1.7 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality,, was 0.73%.

The historical population is given in the following chart:

Sights
The entire village of Orvin and the Taubenloch canyon are designated as part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites.

Politics
In the 2011 federal election the most popular party was the Swiss People's Party (SVP) which received 35.9% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the Social Democratic Party (SP) (24.1%), the Green Party (12.5%) and the FDP.The Liberals (7.5%). In the federal election, a total of 329 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 36.7%.

Economy
, Orvin had an unemployment rate of 1.24%. , there were a total of 557 people employed in the municipality. Of these, there were 48 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 22 businesses involved in this sector. 333 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 19 businesses in this sector. 176 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 30 businesses in this sector. There were 5 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 0.0% of the workforce.

there were a total of 481 full-time equivalent jobs. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 32, of which 31 were in agriculture and 1 was in forestry or lumber production. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 319 of which 311 or (97.5%) were in manufacturing and 8 (2.5%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 130. In the tertiary sector; 11 or 8.5% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 3 or 2.3% were in the movement and storage of goods, 18 or 13.8% were in a hotel or restaurant, 8 or 6.2% were the insurance or financial industry, 4 or 3.1% were technical professionals or scientists, 11 or 8.5% were in education and 61 or 46.9% were in health care.

, there were 210 workers who commuted into the municipality and 336 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 1.6 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. About 2.4% of the workforce coming into Orvin are coming from outside Switzerland. Of the working population, 10.6% used public transportation to get to work, and 57.9% used a private car.

Religion
From the, 165 or 13.4% were Roman Catholic, while 773 or 62.6% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 3 members of an Orthodox church (or about 0.24% of the population), there were 2 individuals (or about 0.16% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 197 individuals (or about 15.95% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 15 (or about 1.21% of the population) who were Islamic. There were 2 individuals who were Hindu and 4 individuals who belonged to another church. 107 (or about 8.66% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 65 individuals (or about 5.26% of the population) did not answer the question.

Education
In Orvin about 448 or (36.3%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 117 or (9.5%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 117 who completed tertiary schooling, 65.8% were Swiss men, 23.9% were Swiss women, 8.5% were non-Swiss men.

The Canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend additional schooling or they may enter an apprenticeship.

During the 2010–11 school year, there were a total of 116 students attending classes in Orvin. There was one kindergarten class with a total of 23 students in the municipality. Of the kindergarten students, 8.7% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 4.3% have a different mother language than the classroom language. The municipality had 5 primary classes and 93 students. Of the primary students, 12.9% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 15.1% have a different mother language than the classroom language.

, there were 27 students in Orvin who came from another municipality, while 80 residents attended schools outside the municipality.

title: Orvin


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Péry

Péry is part of the municipality of Péry-La Heutte in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is located in the French-speaking Bernese Jura (Jura Bernois).

History
The first mention of Péry is in 884 where it is called villam Bedericam. In 1148 it was known as Peril, though that name comes from a 12th-century forgery. The municipality was formerly known by its German name Büderich, however, that name is no longer used.

In 884, Charles the Fat granted Péry to Moutier-Grandval Abbey. The Abbey owned the village and surrounding lands until 999 when the Prince-Bishop of Basel acquired the village. He incorporated it into the seigniory of Erguel and gave the village to the Lords of Péry who ruled from Châtillon Castle, now a ruin, on a nearby hill. Beginning in the 14th century the feudal levies from Péry were part of the Erguel army under the command of Biel. In 1530, Biel encouraged the village to accept the Protestant Reformation.

The village of Rondchâtel was independent of Péry until 1766. Based on the name, it is likely that a castle existed on the hill, but little is known about it. During the mid 14th century, the Prince-Bishop of Basel Johann II von Munsingen, granted Rondchâtel to his brother Conrad, who was an ecclesiastical bailiff of Biel in 1340–65. Starting at the end of the 14th century, Rondchâtel fief was owned by the de Nans and d'Orsans families out of Franche-Comté. They held the village until 1766, when the last heir of the families died out and the fief reverted to the Prince-Bishop. The Prince-Bishop then leased Rondchâtel to the community of Péry.

After the 1797 French victory and the Treaty of Campo Formio, Péry became part of the French Département of Mont-Terrible. A few years later, it became part of the Département of Haut-Rhin. After Napoleon's defeat and the Congress of Vienna, Péry was assigned to the Canton of Bern in 1815.

The village church of St. James was first mentioned in 884. After the village converted to the new Reformed faith in 1530, it became a Reformed church. The current church was built in 1706 around a core of an older, Gothic building. At some point it became the parish church for the parish of Péry. From 1798 until 1840, Vauffelin was part of the parish. A Roman Catholic chapel was built in the village in 1906. The Prince-Bishop of Basel, Johann Franz von Schönau-Zell (Bishop 1651-1656), had a blast furnace built at La Reuchenette in 1654. In 1693 he gave the furnace as a fief to Chemilleret family, who held it until the death of their last heir in 1756. By 1782 the site included an ironworks, a house, an inn. After the French invasion, it was declared a national treasure and the feudal ownership was abolished. The Société des forges d'Undervelier took over operation of the site until 1867, when it closed.

The Biel-Les Convers railway opened in 1874 and encouraged industrial and population growth. The lime and cement factory in Rondchâtel (1874), the wood pulp plant at Biberist (1882) and a branch of the Rondchâtel cement factory in La Reuchenette (today Ciments Vigier SA) all contributed to the prosperity of the municipality. The watch manufacturer Dreyfus Frères SA of Biel opened a branch company in 1903 in Péry. This company, called Péry Watch, did not survive the financial crisis of the 1930s. The building was converted in 1934 into a typewriter ribbon, stencils and carbon paper factory under the name Carfa SA. Carfa remained in operation until 2003. In 2005, just over half of all jobs in the municipality were in manufacturing.

On 1 January 2015 the former municipalities of Péry and La Heutte merged to form the new municipality of Péry-La Heutte.

Geography
Before the merger, Péry had a total area of 15.7 km2. Of this area, 3.6 km2 or 22.9% is used for agricultural purposes, while 10.5 km2 or 66.8% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 1.44 km2 or 9.2% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.07 km2 or 0.4% is either rivers or lakes and 0.1 km2 or 0.6% is unproductive land.

Of the built up area, industrial buildings made up 1.3% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 2.3% and transportation infrastructure made up 2.2%. Power and water infrastructure as well as other special developed areas made up 3.2% of the area Out of the forested land, 63.2% of the total land area is heavily forested and 3.6% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 3.1% is used for growing crops and 6.5% is pastures and 13.0% is used for alpine pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water.

It lies on the eastern end of the Saint-Imier valley and includes the villages of Rondchâtel and La Reuchenette.

On 31 December 2009 District de Courtelary, the municipality's former district, was dissolved. On the following day, 1 January 2010, it joined the newly created Arrondissement administratif Jura bernois.

Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Gules a Guidon Argent staffed Or.

Demographics
Péry had a population (as of 2013) of 1,359. , 11.6% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2000-2010) the population has changed at a rate of 2%. Migration accounted for 6.3%, while births and deaths accounted for -2.3%.

Most of the population speaks French (1,063 or 79.6%) as their first language, German is the second most common (205 or 15.4%) and Italian is the third (30 or 2.2%). There are 4 people who speak Romansh.

, the population was 50.3% male and 49.7% female. The population was made up of 601 Swiss men (44.3% of the population) and 81 (6.0%) non-Swiss men. There were 599 Swiss women (44.1%) and 76 (5.6%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 430 or about 32.2% were born in Péry and lived there in 2000. There were 447 or 33.5% who were born in the same canton, while 233 or 17.5% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 184 or 13.8% were born outside of Switzerland.

, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 21.5% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 59.2% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 19.3%.

, there were 494 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 669 married individuals, 95 widows or widowers and 77 individuals who are divorced.

, there were 199 households that consist of only one person and 36 households with five or more people. , a total of 574 apartments (87.9% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 42 apartments (6.4%) were seasonally occupied and 37 apartments (5.7%) were empty. , the construction rate of new housing units was 3.7 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality,, was 2.35%.

The historical population is given in the following chart:

Sights
The entire Taubenloch canyon is designated as part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites.

Politics
In the 2011 federal election the most popular party was the Swiss People's Party (SVP) which received 35.2% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the Social Democratic Party (SP) (25.5%), the Green Party (10.3%) and the FDP.The Liberals (9.4%). In the federal election, a total of 314 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 32.2%.

Economy
, Péry had an unemployment rate of 1.71%. , there were a total of 317 people employed in the municipality. Of these, there were 18 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 7 businesses involved in this sector. 180 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 13 businesses in this sector. 119 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 30 businesses in this sector.

there were a total of 282 full-time equivalent jobs. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 12, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 167 of which 138 or (82.6%) were in manufacturing and 8 (4.8%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 103. In the tertiary sector; 19 or 18.4% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 32 or 31.1% were in the movement and storage of goods, 12 or 11.7% were in a hotel or restaurant, 4 or 3.9% were technical professionals or scientists, 11 or 10.7% were in education and 4 or 3.9% were in health care.

, there were 226 workers who commuted into the municipality and 511 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 2.3 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. Of the working population, 19.2% used public transportation to get to work, and 61.7% used a private car.

Religion
From the, 318 or 23.8% were Roman Catholic, while 751 or 56.3% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 2 members of an Orthodox church (or about 0.15% of the population), there was 1 individual who belongs to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 86 individuals (or about 6.44% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There was 1 individual who was Jewish, and 11 (or about 0.82% of the population) who were Islamic. There were 1 individual who belonged to another church. 146 (or about 10.94% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 61 individuals (or about 4.57% of the population) did not answer the question.

Education
In Péry about 537 or (40.2%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 108 or (8.1%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 108 who completed tertiary schooling, 69.4% were Swiss men, 23.1% were Swiss women, 7.4% were non-Swiss men.

The Canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend additional schooling or they may enter an apprenticeship.

During the 2010–11 school year, there were a total of 121 students attending classes in Péry. There were 2 kindergarten classes with a total of 24 students in the municipality. Of the kindergarten students, 8.3% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 12.5% have a different mother language than the classroom language. The municipality had 5 primary classes and 97 students. Of the primary students, 8.2% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 16.5% have a different mother language than the classroom language.

, there were 14 students in Péry who came from another municipality, while 70 residents attended schools outside the municipality.

Péry is home to the Bibliothèque scolaire et communale de Péry library. The library has 5,965 books or other media, and loaned out 6,443 items in the same year. It was open a total of 78 days with average of 4 hours per week during that year.

title: Péry


text: User:Ilmari Karonen/sandbox/TwoRowScoreMatrixTemplate


text: User talk:69.167.133.54

title: User talk:69.167.133.54


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Shockwaveworld.com

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. R e  dwolf24  (talk) 04:55, 7 September 2005 (UTC)

Shockwaveworld.com
Delete this isn't a yellow pages of current non-notable websites, nor is it a place for cheap advertising Grcampbell 16:11, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - per nominator. Rob Church Talk 16:13, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete.  ral  315  17:25, August 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I checked Alexa traffic rankings and this site doesn't even show up.  --Quasipalm 17:42, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Jachin 22:31, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per Quasipalm. -feydey 02:13, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Juan Velázquez de León

Juan Velázquez de León was a Spanish conquistador, who along with Hernán Cortés participated in the third Spanish expedition to continental America (present day Mexico) in 1519. He was distinguished by being relative of the then Governor of Cuba Diego Velázquez, but overall served Hernán Cortés and the cause of the Conquest. Cortés gave Juan the daughter of Maxixcatzin, baptized as Doña Elvira, after the Tlaxcallan's made peace with the Spanish.

Juan had a determining participation in the defeat of the army of Pánfilo de Narváez, when Cortés sent him to "win him friends in Narváez' camp."

He died when the Aztec army attacked the Spaniards as they fled the city of Tenochtitlán, during the La Noche Triste.

title: Juan Velázquez de León


text:
Edsel Dope

Brian Charles Ebejer (born March 21, 1974), known professionally as Edsel Dope, is an American musician who is the lead singer, rhythm guitarist and main songwriter for nu metal/industrial metal band Dope. Dope was founded in 1997 by Edsel and his brother Simon (keyboards) in New York City.

Edsel co-produced all of Dope's albums. On Felons and Revolutionaries, Dope's first album released in 1999, Edsel played and programmed most of the musical instruments.

In 2019, a masked lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist joined Static-X under the moniker Xer0. Edsel Dope was widely believed to be Xer0, until it was revealed that he factually is him.

Personal life
Edsel Dope is engaged and has a daughter born in 2020.

title: Edsel Dope


text:
FC Nordsjælland

Football Club Nordsjælland, commonly known as FC Nordsjælland, Nordsjælland or FCN, is a professional Danish football team from the North Zealand town of Farum. Founded as Farum Boldklub from the merger of the town's two football clubs Farum IK and Stavnsholt BK in 1991, the club changed its name to FC Nordsjælland in 2003. In international competitions, the club can be transliterated as Nordsjaelland.

FCN plays in the Danish Superliga, winning its first medal in the 2002–03 season, taking third place. Since then, the Wild Tigers have made four appearances in Europe under both the old UEFA Cup format in 2003–04, 2008–09 and in the UEFA Europa League during the 2010–11 and 2011–12 seasons. In 2010, the club won its first Danish Cup and successfully defended it the following year in 2011, beating Midtjylland in both finals. FCN won the 2011–12 Danish Superliga in May 2012 which qualified the team to participate in the 2012–13 UEFA Champions League. In 2023 the team was No. 2 in the league, only 1 point behind Brøndby.

Nordsjælland plays its home matches at Right to Dream Park, which has a capacity of 10,100 of which 9,800 seating and 300 standing spectators.

Farum BK (1991–2003)
Established on 1 January 1991 from the merger of two football clubs, Farum Idræts Klub (formed in 1910) and Stavnsholt Boldklub af 1974, both from the former Farum municipality (now consolidated with Værløse as the Furesø municipality), Farum BK would become one of the few successful mergers in Danish football, but not without controversy. The club was an initiative of Farum residents including mayor Peter Brixtofte, who took a personal interest in the club by arranging sponsorship. The club kit colours became a combination of the two merged clubs, the red and white of Stavnsholt with the yellow and blue of F.I.K. combined into a kit with yellow and red striped shirts and dark blue shorts and socks, which is still used in some form to this day. Colours were not the only thing the newly formed club inherited, as Thomas Andreasen who had been with Stavnsholt BK was carried over into the new Farum squad, Andreasen would go on to make a record 295 appearances, playing from the Denmark Series all the way to the Danish Superliga, until his departure from the club in 2007.

Farum BK was placed in the second group of the Denmark Series, the fourth tier in the Danish football pyramid, though it gained promotion to the first group after the club's maiden season. Jørgen Andersen, a former goalkeeper for Hvidovre, took over as the club's first head coach in 1992. The club stayed in the Denmark Series first group for six years. Under the guidance of manager Jørgen Tideman, who took over in 1994, Farum qualified for promotion into the 2nd Division in the 1997–98 season and subsequently turned professional for the first time in club history.

Farum's first full season as a professional club was a fruitful one, edging out Aalborg Chang and Skive by one point, gaining promotion for the second time in two years into the 1st Division. The club's meteoric rise was slowed at first with the new challenge of playing in the Danish second tier, though it was not stopped, ending the 1999–2000 campaign with a respectable eighth-place finish, winning the same number of games as it lost. Farum, however, remained unable to make any sort of impact in the Danish Cup, having lost in the first round for the previous three years since making its debut in the tournament in the 1997–98 season. The following year saw some progression in both the league and cup, improving on the previous year's finish by finishing fifth, three spots and nine points behind second-placed promotion winners Vejle, as well as breaking out of the first round of the Danish Cup to eventually fall to Fremad Amager in the third round following a 2–1 loss.

With the 2001–02 season, unconventional coach Christian Andersen was brought in to manage the team, building on the foothold the club had gained in the 1st Division. Jeppe Tengbjerg played a pivotal role, brought in from B.93 the previous year. He scored 16 goals, becoming Farum's top goalscorer of the season and third overall in the league. The team went on to earn promotion into the Superliga after finishing in second place, 11 points clear of third-placed Sønderjylland, one point behind first-place winners Køge, scoring a team total of 69 goals, the highest in the division that season, and losing only four games.

Farum's 2002–03 appearance in the top flight of Danish football would be its first and last under the Farum BK name. It ended the season in third place, qualifying for the UEFA Cup for the first time in its history. The club's achievement, however, was overshadowed by the scandal involving Peter Brixtofte, who had arranged for the municipality to deliberately overpay for welfare services bought from private companies that in return would sponsor the Farum football team. Brixtofte was forced to step down as chairman and the club came close to bankruptcy.

FC Nordsjælland (2003–present)
In March 2003, Farum BK was bought by AKP Holding, the holdings company of local businessman Allan K. Pedersen, and in an effort to distance the club from the Brixtofte scandal, Farum BK was re-branded as FC Nordsjælland, named after the North Zealand (Danish: Nordsjælland) region to clarify the club was to represent both the region as well as the town in which the club is based. To reinforce the status as a regional team, a network of local football clubs from the surrounding area was created, consisting of around 66 teams, with the aim to highlight young talent in the region and bring it to national attention via FC Nordsjælland. The network is known as Fodbold Samarbejde Nordsjælland (FSN).

The club's second year in the Superliga, first as Nordsjælland, struggled to improve on the previous year's outing. With its worst goal difference since turning professional, not one FCN player ended in the top ten goal scorers, fighting to avoid relegation for most of the season, ending the campaign in ninth place. The Wild Tiger fans, however, were rewarded with European football with the club's first appearance in the UEFA Cup; it beat Armenian team Shirak 6–0 on aggregate in the qualifying round, but were eliminated in the first round by Greek team Panionios. Christian Andersen was sacked at the end of the 2003–04 season, replaced by Johnny Petersen as head coach.

The following two years under Johnny Petersen were spent avoiding relegation, with no success to speak of in either the Superliga or Danish Cup. Petersen's reign was not completely amiss, as he was noted for creating a good young team and the emergence of players Mads Junker and Anders Due. For the 2006–07 season, Morten Wieghorst was promoted from assistant to head coach, a position the former Celtic player would retain for five years.

Wieghorst's first dilemma in charge of FCN was to fill the gap left by top scorer Mads Junker, sale to Dutch side Vitesse the previous winter. Morten Nordstrand came in on a free from nearby Lyngby after scoring 29 goals in the 1st Division that previous season. Nordstrand would go on to make an instant impact, topping the goal scorers charts for the first half of the 2006–07 season and earning himself a call up to the Denmark national team. Helping the club to a fifth-place finish, Nordstrand ended the season with 18 goals after appearing in every league match that season. Danish champions Copenhagen purchased the player at the end of the season for a then record 15 million Danish kroner, becoming the largest transfer fee ever paid for a player between two Danish clubs.

With lower-than-average attendance and issues still arising from the Brixtofte scandal, chairman Allan Kim Pedersen confirmed there had been discussions to move the club north to Hillerød, where it would be able expand to other sports such as ice hockey and basketball. The move, however, never materialized.

Nordsjælland would find itself in a similar position the following season, again having sold its star striker Martin Bernburg to Copenhagen. The team only managed a ninth-place finish, yet qualified for the UEFA Cup for the second time via the UEFA Respect Fair Play rankings. 2008–09 would become a good year for the Wild Tigers in terms of cup competitions, making it to the quarter-finals in the Danish Cup for the second time in its history, and improving on its previous European outing with wins over TVMK Tallinn and Queen of the South, though later being knocked out by Greek side Olympiacos 0–7 aggregate.

In October 2008, Allan K. Pedersen sold FC Nordsjælland from AKP Holding to himself for a reported 500,000 Danish kroner, shortly before his holding company went bankrupt, a price Pedersen, however, denies. Following an investigation from his creditors, it was found that the sale was forced through without the bank's consent, and that the value for which the club was sold was too low, which ultimate reduced the finances the creators received for the sale. FCN was reevaluated to be worth 35 million kroner at the time of sale. The case has gone to the Supreme Court and is yet to be resolved; it speculated that it could take one-to-four years.

The 2009–10 season saw Nordsjælland lift its first trophy, the Danish Cup. FCN was not drawn against another Superliga team until the quarter-final meeting with Silkeborg, where it won 3–1 in extra time. The team would go on to face Midtjylland in Nordsjælland's first cup final, winning in extra time 2–0 with goals from new signing Nicolai Stokholm and Bajram Fetai, and qualifying for European competition in the newly remodeled UEFA Europa League. The team would repeat this feat the following season, facing Midtjylland once again in the finals of the Danish Cup and winning the trophy for the second time with a 3–2 win. This would be Morten Wieghorst's last trophy with the Wild Tigers, however; he moved to manage the Denmark under-21 national team at the end of the 2010–11 campaign. Kasper Hjulmand was named Wieghorst's successor in June 2011, promoted from the coaching staff. In preparation for the 2011–12 season, the former Lyngby head coach brought in two Danish internationals in Mikkel Beckmann (from relegated Randers) and Patrick Mtiliga (on a free from Málaga). FCN sought to improve on the previous season's sixth-place finish and to defend its Danish Cup title for the second year running. It would go on to play in the Europa League for second year in a row, exiting the competition in the third qualifying round after losing to Sporting CP 2–1 aggregate, which had also eliminated Nordsjælland from Europe the previous season. FCN started the new season in good form, peaking as high as second in the Superliga, and an undefeated run at home in all competitions until 30 October, including an impressive 0–0 draw with Portuguese side Sporting CP, making the start of the 2011–12 campaign one of its best starts in recent years. For the first time in club history, a total of five players were called up to the Denmark national team to face Sweden and Finland in November: Mikkel Beckmann, Andreas Bjelland and debutantes Tobias Mikkelsen, Jesper Hansen and Jores Okore. FCN ended the season as Superliga champions for the first time in its history.

In 2012–13, for the first time FCN participated in the UEFA Champions League, where it was drawn into a difficult group alongside defending champions Chelsea, Serie A champions Juventus and Ukrainian Premier League champions Shakhtar Donetsk. FCN played all its home matches at the Danish national stadium, Parken. It gained one point from the group stage – playing 1–1 against Juventus at home thanks to a direct free-kick goal from Beckmann. In the last group match, a controversial goal from Luiz Adriano became the talking point of the match.

Retired numbers

 * 26 – 🇩🇰 Jonathan Richter (2005–09)

Club captains
Since 2001, seven players have held the position as club captain for Farum BK or FC Nordsjælland. The first recorded captain was Michael Elbæk. All recorded captains to date have been of Danish nationality. The captain to have lifted the most trophies for FCN is Nicolai Stokholm, who won the Danish Cup on two occasions. Stokholm is also the current and longest-serving captain, having taken over from Henrik Kildentoft when the former arrived at the club in 2009.

Stadium
Nordsjælland plays its home matches in Right to Dream Park, which has a capacity of 10,100 attendances (9,800 seated). The stadium is the first in Denmark with artificial turf.

Club officials

 * Administration

 * Chairmen: Trine Hesselund Hopp Møller
 * Financial director: Flemming Junggaard Skou
 * Administration management: Phil Radley
 * Commercial director: Hanne Rolighed
 * Sporting director: Jan Laursen
 * Technical director: Flemming Pedersen
 * Club director: Søren Kristensen
 * Media officer: Mette Andersen
 * FCN academy leader: Mikkel Hemmersam

 * Coaching and medical staff

 * Manager: Vacant
 * Assistant manager: Casper Røjkjær
 * Player coach: Michael Essien
 * Goalkeeping coach: Magnus Pondus Hansen
 * Trasitional coach: Lasse Stensgaard
 * Analyzers: Thor Herdal & Alan Arac
 * Physiotherapists: Joakim Dilling & Jonas Petersen
 * Doctor: Jesper Petersen
 * Head of Nutrition: Bruno Cirillo
 * Head of Physical Performance: Casper Skovgaard

Managerial history
Key
 * * Served as caretaker manager.
 * † Served as caretaker manager before being appointed permanently.

National tournaments

 * Danish Superliga
 * Champions: 2011–12
 * Runners up (2): 2012–13, 2022–23
 * 1st Division
 * Runners up (1): 2001–02
 * Zealand Series
 * Runners up: 1996
 * Danish Cup
 * Winners: 2009–10, 2010–11

Friendly tournaments

 * La Manga Cup
 * Winners: 2012

FC Nordsjælland in European competition
FC Nordsjælland's first competitive European match was on 14 August 2003, in the 2003–04 UEFA Cup, beating Shirak F.C. 4–0 at home. In total, the club has participated in European competitions in seven different seasons, reaching as far as the Group stage of the 2012–13 UEFA Champions League. However, as of August 2018, they have never qualified for the group stage after starting from a qualifying round.

Fodbold Samarbejde Nordsjælland
The Fodbold Samarbejde Nordsjælland (Football Cooperation North Zealand or FSN in short) is a network of affiliated clubs headed by FC Nordsjælland, in which to highlight talent, youth development, cooperation and community in the North Zealand region. Where clubs participating receive benefits from FCN such as loan moves, friendlies, tickets to games, merchandise, coach visits, training camps and coaching courses. In return, FC Nordsjælland get access to a large scouting network of youth players, which has helped develop many young talent to become youth internationals, who have gone on to play professionally in the Danish Superliga and beyond. FSN has also played an important role in the attendance rise in Farum Park.

Affiliated clubs

 * Allerød FK
 * Alsønderup IF
 * Ålholm Fodbold
 * Ølsted IF
 * Ølstykke FC
 * Ballerup IF
 * BFC Lundegården
 * Blistrup SI
 * Brødeskov IF
 * Blovstrød IF
 * BSV
 * Dalby IF
 * Dragør BK
 * Døllefjelde Musse IF
 * Elite 3000
 * Espergærde IF
 * FA 2000
 * Farum BK
 * Faxe Ladeplads IF
 * FC Holte
 * FC Jonstrup
 * FIF Hillerød
 * Frederikssund IK
 * Frem Hellebæk
 * G77 Gundsømagle
 * Gilleleje FK
 * Gørløse SI
 * Grantoften IF
 * Græsted IF
 * Gundsølille IF
 * Gundsømagle 77
 * Gurre IK
 * Hasle IF
 * Hørsholm-Usserød IK
 * Helsinge Fodbold
 * Helsingør IF
 * Hillerød GI
 * Hornbæk IF
 * Humlebæk BK
 * Hundested IK
 * IF Skjold Birkerød
 * IS Skævinge
 * Jyllinge FC
 * Jægersborg BK
 * Kalundborg GB
 * Karlebo IF
 * KBK Hillerød
 * Kirke Hyllinge IF
 * Kirke Værløse IF
 * KFUM Roskilde
 * Kr. Værløse IF
 * Lolland-Falster Alliancen
 * Lynge Uggeløse IF
 * Måløv BK
 * NB Bornholm
 * Nordstevns GI
 * Nødebo IF
 * Nivå Kokkedal FK
 * Oppe Sundby IF
 * ORI Fodbold
 * Raklev GI
 * Ramløse Fodbold
 * Skovshoved IF
 * Slangerup og Omegns IF
 * Slangslunde-Ganløse IF
 * Snekkersten IF
 * Store Lyngby IF
 * Tikøb IF
 * Uvelse IF
 * Værløse BK
 * Vejby-Tisvilde Fodbold

title: FC Nordsjælland


text:
Kempul

A kempul is a type of hanging gong used in Indonesian gamelan. The kempul is a set of pitched, hanging, knobbed gongs, often made of bronze, wood, and cords. Ranging from 19 cm to 25,4 cm (7 to 10 inches) in diameter, the kempul gong has a flat surface with a protruding knob at the center and is played by hitting the knob with the "soft end of a mallet." "The wooden mallet used has a ball shape head with heavy padding on a short wooden handle. The number of kempul gongs present in a gamelan ensemble varies but, "although there can be two to ten kempul on one separate rack, it is common to have five kempul hanging on the same rack as the Gong ageng and gong siyem" (two larger gongs).

Kempul in music
"Generally, the instruments in a gamelan orchestra may fall into the following three functional categories: "Instruments in the first category include large and medium hanging gongs (Gong ageng and gong suwukan), small hanging gongs (kempul), large standing gongs (kenong), and a pair of small standing gongs (kethuk-kempyang)." "The role of the kempul is to divide the nongans, which are the contents of each part between strikes of a kenong."
 * 1) Instruments that delineate the structure of the piece;
 * 2) Instruments that guide temporal flow of the music;
 * 3) Instruments that carry melodies in both simple and elaborate forms"

"In the middle of the gamelan, the 'skeletal' melody called the balungan is played on bronze metallophones. The balungan is puntuated by the larger gongs (gong and kempul) and horizontally-mounted gongs (kenong, kethuk, and kempyang) at the back of the gamelan." "The kempul, a middle voice gong, punctuates half way to the mid-points of the metric cycle, which is played by the kenong (the kettle gongs)." In all the central Javanese traditions, the pieces known as Ayak-ayakan, Srepegan, and Sampak are united by a single relationship between kempul and kenong: one kempul beat coinciding with every second kenong beat."

Tuning
"There are two racks of gongs in a gamelan orchestra because of the two gamelan scales or laras." "These two tuning systems are called slendro and pelog, thus the full gamelan is actually a double set. Usually the slendro set faces the front and the pelog set the side." The two sets are never played simultaneously. "The slendro tuning consists of five notes per octave and the five intervals consist of small and medium steps. The pelog has seven pitches per octave"

"In the older ensembles of east Java, one usually finds only one kempul, tuned to a pitch 6 or pitch 5, and one Gong ageng, with no siyem or gong suwukan. Following the augmentation of ensembles in central Java over the last century, however, the east Javanese have added one or two siyem and three or four kempul for each tuning system in many ensembles."

title: Kempul


text:
Ivan Gonta

Ivan Gonta (Іван Ґонта; died 1768) was one of the leaders of the Koliivshchyna, an armed rebellion of peasants and Ukrainian Cossacks against Bar confederation in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

Born in Rożyszki (modern Rozsishky) near Uman' in Bracław Voivodship, Gonta served as a sotnik (captain) of Cossack household militia of Franciszek Salezy Potocki, the Voivode of Kiev, and commanded a small unit in the garrison of Uman since 1757. During the Koliivshchyna he was ordered to fight the approaching haidamaka forces of Maksym Zalizniak. Instead, he and his militia joined the rebels, and the joint forces captured and ravaged the town of Uman on June 21, 1768. In what became known as the Massacre of Uman, thousands of local Polish szlachta, Jews, Uniates and other people were slaughtered. After that, Gonta was proclaimed colonel and commanded the garrison of Uman.

When Gonta sent a detachment to spread rebellion into the Ottoman Empire, Catherine the Great, the Empress of Russia, dispatched a regiment of Don Cossacks fighting against Bar confederation to help Poland suppress the rebellion to prevent Ottomans from waging a war against Russia. The commander of the Russian unit, Guriev, made the rebels believe he was siding with them for the joint trip against Bar confederation and managed to capture approximately 900 of them without a single shot. After that, Ivan Gonta was handed over to the Poles and was tried for high treason. Sentenced to death by grand Crown Hetman Franciszek Ksawery Branicki, he was then executed in the village of Serby by being flayed alive and quartered.

Although largely non-notable during his life, after his death he became a hero of countless folk songs and legends that portrayed him as a hero and a martyr. He was immortalized in Taras Shevchenko's controversial epic poem Haidamaky though Gonta had never killed his Roman Catholic sons, because his wife and children were of Orthodox faith and in fact he had never initiated the massacre of Uman himself.

In popular culture

 * Taras Shevchenko's epic poem «Haidamaky» dedicated to kolii including Gonta.

title: Ivan Gonta


text: Category:User nap

title: Category:User nap


text:
Moslem Bahadori

Moslem Bahadori (22 January 1927 – 21 April 2022) was an Iranian medical scientist, pathologist, and a university lecturer. In 1973, Bahadori along with Averill Abraham Liebow, reported the first case of plasma cell granuloma, a benign tumor of the lung.

Education and career
Bahadori studied medicine at medical school, Tehran University (1954), and specialized in pathology at the Department of Pathology, Tehran University (1957). He did his post-graduate studies at Cardiff University (1959).

Bahadori was an expert on Cardiopulmonary pathology. Bahadori was one of the youngest faculty members of Tehran University who has been promoted to full professorship. He was also an invited lecturer and Fulbright Visiting Professor at the University of California San Diego.

He was also a member of the Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences and Chairman Section on Basic Medical Sciences. Prof. Bahadori was a member of editorial boards of several scientific journals, including American Journal of Cardiovascular Pathology and Archives of Iranian Medicine.

Bahadori devoted his life to developing basic and clinical medical sciences in Iran and the development of scientific Persian language. His role in developing modern medicine in Iran and medical education was significant.

He was a representative of Iran in the World Health Organization (WHO). Bahadori was Emeritus Professor of the School of Medicine, Tehran University.

Awards

 * Iran's Eternal Figure
 * Permanent member of Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences

title: Moslem Bahadori


text:
Talk:Thomism

Philosophical realism
As a neo-Thomist, I find the vast majority of this article quite accurate and informative. The only point that really sticks out to me is the explanation of "Philosophical Realism." I don't have any texts handy, so I can't provide support yet. I believe that St. Thomas holds all men to be of one species, while every individual angel is a species unto itself, with no two angels of the same species. Summa Theologica I, Q. 75, a. 7 touches on this. Article 4 of the same question touches on the matter of man's body, as does article 4 of question 76. It would be far less controversial to state that man is made of body and soul, the body being the matter and the soul being the form, without arguing that the body must be prime matter. "Philosophical realism" might better be described as "Hylomorphism", which is the understanding of material things as being composed of matter (hylo) and form (morph). "Philosophical realism" seems to have more to do with the existence of universals in the things that actually exist, and with the things we sense actually existing in themselves, and not simply in our minds. St. Thomas is, quite clearly, a philosophical or metaphysical realist.

-Dane Weber

Proofs of God's existence?
I removed the following from the introduction to the 5 Ways discussion: "Though termed "proofs" of God's existence, they are better understood as "reasonings." These reasonings observe certain effects, and move towards inferring the cause. Aquinas would argue that God's existence cannot be "proven" per se because thinking of an object does not prove its existence, but that God's existence can be inferred based on these effects."

This is factually incorrect. Aquinas not only believed they were proofs, he Called them proofs, and is quoted above (in the section under Theodicy) of explaining that God's existence could be proven a-posteriori, which the 5 Ways are. Bozimmerman 22:35, 16 May 2007 (UTC)

 * The first thing he argued indeed, but that is one possible way of proving God and the other possible ways he ap-proved. --84.154.43.64 (talk) 13:38, 15 September 2010 (UTC)

Natural Law and Ethics in General
Could we have a section on the Thomist ethical beliefs, especially a summary of Aquinas' understanding of Natural Law? I would like to know all the things he had to say on the matter, and all the alterations he made to the pagan philosophy in claiming it for Christianity.Fledgeaaron (talk) 10:22, 19 December 2007 (UTC)

Changed heading from "Theodicy" to "God"
Items 22 to 24 do not appear to be about Theodicy at all. According to Wikipedia, "Theodicy is a specific branch of theology and philosophy that attempts to reconcile the existence of evil or suffering in the world with the belief in an omniscient, omnipotent, and benevolent God, i.e., the problem of evil." There is no reference to the problem of evil here. It is about Aquinas' concept of God.

Maybe something on his theology
Thomas's views on predestination are very surprising and interesting. It also may be worth discussing other elements of his views on the Trinity, Christ, angels, or human salvation, as he was a theologian.

Schaff-Herzog
The quotation from Schaff-Herzog does not represent current scholarly opinion. The consensus today is that scholars of the past over-emphasized Thomas Aquinas the Philosopher. This quotation represents that old perspective. It suggests that the theology of Thomas Aquinas fundamentally depended on Aristotelian convictions derived from reason. This is certainly not the stated intention of Aquinas, as the first question of the Summa Theologiae makes clear. But it is not even an accurate reading of what was *really* going on.

Here is a current assessment of the "theological turn" in attitudes towards Thomism:

http://www.amazon.com/Theology-Thomas-Aquinas-Rik-Nieuwenhove/dp/0268043639--Cyrusrex1545 (talk) 14:14, 7 March 2009 (UTC)

Decline of thomism in the 1970s
The article should maybe try to explain the causes that led to thomism's decline in the 1970s, at least in the form of neothomism. One of the reasons is the Church's active dialogue with other religions, many of which had been frankly opposed to the aristotelian origins of thomism. Another reason is the general intellectual turmoil that the West experienced in the years that followed the 1968 cultural revolution. Many former thomists either adopted entirely secular philosophies such as structuralism and phenomenology or embraced new intellectual currents within the Church itself, such as anonymous Christianity, ecclesiology of communion and liberation theology. ADM (talk) 11:42, 12 June 2009 (UTC)

"Thought of St. Thomas Aquinas"
The article Thought of Thomas Aquinas seems superfluous, since Thomism is by definition the philosophy of St. Thomas Aquinas. I would argue for a merger. -- LightSpectra (talk) 00:37, 4 November 2009 (UTC)
 * Maybe not. At the very least the section Thomistic philosophy seems to instead deserve the title The dogmata of Pius X, not Thomism. I believe I can perceive a sound underlying philosophy under these dogmata, but the dogmata themselves seems to be more like anathematizing religious incorrectness, not philosophy in the very least. Rursus dixit. ( m bork3 !) 13:58, 7 March 2010 (UTC)

 * I've now read the articles more in detail, and I agree. A merger is justified, but the other article contains some essayish texts that simply deserve removal. Rursus dixit. ( m bork3 !) 16:15, 7 March 2010 (UTC)

Possible glitch in Chesterton quote
The quote from G.K. Chesterton includes:
 * "The modern philosopher claims, like a sort of confident man, that if we will grant him this, the rest will be easy…"

I am compelled to wonder whether "confident man" (a man who is, presumptively honestly, cofident) is a mis-transcription of "confidence man" (a man who, exploiting others' willingness to trust in him – i.e. to be confident in him – gulls them into a position he can abuse). (Eddy) 84.215.6.188 (talk) 19:50, 28 March 2010 (UTC)

Islamic influence
I am fascinated by the (at a first and only cursory skim through the page) apparent lack of any reference to the Arabic philosophers via whom Thomas Aquinas surely obtained much of his knowledge of Aristotelean (and Platonic) philosophy – most obviously, to use their Europeanized names, Avicenna and Averroes. The Cambridge Companion to Arabic Philosophy (Peter Adamson and Richard C. Taylor, Ed., CUP, ISBN 0 521 81743 9 – ISBN 0 251 52069 X) may be a usable source for relevant material. (Eddy) 84.215.6.188 (talk) 19:50, 28 March 2010 (UTC)

 * Influences on St. Thomas Aquinas is is more appropriate for his article, rather than Thomism, I'd think; since Thomism is moreso about the beliefs themselves. -- LightSpectra (talk) 20:14, 28 March 2010 (UTC)
 * If the influences were dealt with in a specific article (which I didn't find), it is sufficient to say here that he integrated opionions of Muslims, and to name just one specific philosopher, to wit, the Philosopher. Otherwise one might mention the Commentator, who was Muslim, or else the Master of Sentences, or even "Tully" to whom he gives great authority if it comes to putting things into comprehensive lists, as it seems. --84.154.94.126 (talk) 10:20, 9 September 2010 (UTC)

Pathetic img
Looks like he is deeply shameful from pilfering in the monastery pantry. Are all images this pathetic? Rursus dixit. ( m bork3 !) 19:47, 15 June 2010 (UTC)

The Philosopher
It may seem picayune, but the significance of how Aquinas referred to Aristotle was not that he called him a "Philosopher." It's that he called him "THE Philosopher." Other philosophers are mentioned often in Aquinas, but only one gets the definite article. I took the liberty of moving the quote in the first paragraph under General; excluding the definite article -- which was, after all, present -- from the quotes stopped just short of making the real point.

Yikes, I just noticed this further on: "'[A]ccidents must include in their definition a subject which is outside their genus.' Because they only exist in other things, Thomas holds that metaphysics is primarily the study of substances, as they are the primary mode of being." While technically fair grammar, the "they" comes off quite ambiguous. I don't have an immediate suggestion that wouldn't entirely reword the paragraph. rasqual (talk) 16:11, 26 August 2010 (UTC)

 * I unquoted "THE" assuming Aquinas wrote in Latin (without articles) and the translator inserted articles freely. Curiosity led to a latin version (the original?) behind the cited portion of Question 84 Article 7: "Sed contra est quod philosophus dicit, in III de anima, quod nihil sine phantasmate intelligit anima." It seems that he calls him "quod philosophus" and likewise in the previous article. Maybe the "quod" in that quote exalts him.

 * Taking my original research further, I find counterexamples nearby in Article 2. Aquinas refers to Aristotle (translated "the philosopher") without "quod" affixed here: "Praeterea, philosophus dicit, in III de anima, quod anima quodammodo est omnia." Then "the ancient philosophers" (Plato, Dionysius, and Empedocles?) are also dignified with "quod antiqui philosophi" as he responds: "Respondeo dicendum quod antiqui philosophi posuerunt quod anima per suam essentiam cognoscit corpora." The translator inserted "the Philosopher" into "And consequently things that are not receptive of forms save materially, have no power of knowledge whatever--such as plants, as the Philosopher says (De Anima ii, 12)." from "Et ideo quae non recipiunt formas nisi materialiter, nullo modo sunt cognoscitiva, sicut plantae; ut dicitur in II libro de anima." where Aquinas was elliptical. Enough to illustrate my point of view about definite articles. Prari (talk) 06:05, 29 August 2010 (UTC)

Thomism's spiritual "evolutionism"
Gustav Wetter, in his work Dialectic Materialism, compared Thomism with Soviet metaphysics in a manner that could similarly be stated as a similarity with Darwinian evolution, interestingly enough:

pg. 331. ..."We need only refer to the fact that Thomism, for example, employs a similar notion when it treats substantial change (transformation of essence) as in many cases the results of a more or less lengthy process of accidental change." c.f. P. Hoenen, S.J.: Cosmologia, Rome 1936, pp. 281 ff.; J. Gredt, O.S.B.: Die aristotelish-scholastische Philosophie, I, Freiburg-i-B 1935, pp. 148, 267. ... Nagelfar (talk) 10:14, 3 August 2011 (UTC)

Potency as metaphor
From the article : ''...Hence in any order in which an act is pure act, it will only exist, in that order, as a unique and unlimited act. But whenever it is finite and manifold, it has entered into a true composition with potency.....'' Potency as metaphor for what what concept? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 196.215.189.117 (talk) 05:20, 21 April 2012 (UTC)

Removed text
I removed the following, as 1. Peggy Frye is not notable, and 2. The link is dead. Narssarssuaq (talk) 22:12, 29 September 2012 (UTC)

"Apologist Peggy Frye of Catholic Answers comments that "Aquinas’s vision may have been a vision of heaven, compared to which everything else, no matter how glorious, seems worthless.""

I removed additional superfluous text:

 * Gottfried Leibniz later expounds on this view[47] in his work Théodicée (1710), which argues that God has authored the best of all possible worlds, one that requires the existence of evil to be optimal.

While that is about the same subject, the "Problem of Evil", it has nothing to do with Thomism and is not a part of it. It has to do with the same subject, but the statement only serves to misrepresent Thomism, which does not argue about the requirement of the existence of evil. LaRoza (talk) 17:57, 28 July 2013 (UTC)

Cracow Circle and Analytic Thomism
Apart from the fact that one is Polish and the other British, is there a significant difference between Cracow Circle Thomism and Analytic Thomism? --173.246.30.142 (talk) 04:48, 13 January 2014 (UTC)

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Plagiarism from Feser
Much of this article is copied from Feser verbatim without quotes. Problem? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.59.55.142 (talk) 03:45, 5 February 2020 (UTC)

Link to: Criticism of the Catholic Church#Nature of theology in "See also" section does not exist anymore
At the end of the article, the first link does not work, I don't know if it should be removed or properly linked to another article. Sanuschan (talk) 06:07, 11 August 2022 (UTC)

"Thought of Thomas Aquinas Part I" listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has identified a potential problem with the redirect Thought of Thomas Aquinas Part I and has thus listed it for discussion. This discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2022 September 9 until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. Veverve (talk) 02:51, 9 September 2022 (UTC)

Article issues and classification

 * The tags at the top of the article are self-evident the article does not pass the B-class criteria so I reassessed to C-class.

title: Talk:Thomism


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Harmonic number (disambiguation)

In number theory, the harmonic numbers are the sums of the inverses of integers, forming the harmonic series. Harmonic number may also refer to:

 * Harmonic, a periodic wave with a frequency that is an integral multiple of the frequency of another wave
 * Harmonic divisor numbers, also called Ore numbers or Ore's harmonic numbers, positive integers whose divisors have an integral harmonic mean
 * 3-smooth numbers, numbers whose only prime factors are 2 and 3

title: Harmonic number (disambiguation)


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User talk:Gavinito

Gavin was born in Hong Kong in 1978 and he immigrated to the United States at the age of 9. He received a B.S. in Computer Science and Engineering at UCLA in June 2000. Gavin then held full-time server software engineering positions at Informix Software and RSA Security. He graduated with a Master degree (thesis path) in Computer Science at UCLA in December 2003. He is currently a PhD student on leave from the Parallel Computing Laboratory under the direction of Dr. Rajive Bagrodia. He enjoys world travel, politics, sailing, golf, and urban music. He is a U.S. citizen.

杨家骥于1978年出生在香港，9岁后跟随父母亲移民到美国. 他毕业于加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校计算机系，获得了计算机工程学士学位. 毕业后他先后在IBM公司和RSA计算机安全公司从事软件工程师职业. 他2003年12月份毕业于加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校计算机系，并获得计算机科学硕士学位，现在工作于鸿海企业集团. 他喜欢环球旅游，乘帆船，打高尔夫球和滑雪. 他现在是美国公民并且是香港永久性居民.

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