text:
Talk:Violet wand

How does it work
How do violet wands work? The description makes them sound like a fluorescent tube, in which case the following statement may be untrue, depending upon the gas.

 * One popular misconception is that violet wands produce ultraviolet light, and sometimes violet wands are erroneously called "Ultraviolet wands". Violet wands do not produce any significant amount of ultraviolet light and do not cause UV burns.

Mercury spectrum tubes (a low pressure version of fluorescent tubes) are known to emit UV light and users are recommended to not stare at them for long, or to use protective eyewear.

 * However, the glass electrodes do generate ozone and nitrogen oxides, giving your skin the well known "ozone smell."

It may be worth putting a note in the safety section that ozone should be avoided by those with respiratory diseases, such as asthma (see tropospheric ozone).

--zandperl 15:22, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I agree that any dangers of these devices should be made clearer. Placing one near the brain, as a hairdresser might?  How many brain cells might that destroy?  In the handle there's reportedly a high ratio winding, similar to a Tesla coil, to up the voltage, which creates the tube's arc.  Similar devices are used by TV repair people to test for a leaking CRT no longer under vacuum.

 * Coupling hairdresser use in the same sentence with erotic stimulation, making the concept seem somehow "exciting", seems a not-very-wise association for anyone to make.

 * Regarding UV light, the glass used on various kinds of tubes apparently affects this. Some neon tubes use a mix of lead in the glass  to decrease emission of harmful frequency bands, versus a purer form of borosilicate or pyrex to increase UV.  It's unknown what type of glass is used for the inert-gas tubes of these devices.  It's also unknown what type of gas is used inside the tube, though that likely changes the color of the emitted light.

 * Curiously, UV light treatment is apparently still given by doctors to some people's scalps for certain severe dandruff conditions, I believe those devices have a comb and bulb combined, may require a prescription, and are not violet wands. Others keep their hair quite short and spend some measured time with their scalp in the sun for the UV light it provides naturally.

 * 71.128.192.243 (talk) 19:13, 4 February 2008 (UTC)

references?
Any reference for it being called a "quack medical" device.--Crossmr 22:16, 1 June 2006 (UTC)

How do violet wands work?
Violet wands/wand electrodes do not produce measurable amounts of UV light, unlike the valid concern stated for mercury tubes. As a manufacturer (not just a retailer) who makes sure our products undergo rigorous testing and constant research, we have documentation on the output values for UV, ozone, wattage, amps, volts, how deep the current penetrates flesh, etc. Even the ozone produced by a violet wand is within OSHA guidelines, the interference also within FCC requirements. Strictly speaking, violet rays and violet wands are not precisely the same thing as there are construction differences between the two (as well as difference in purpose and consumer use); violet rays are prohibited from manufacture with their original antique design and purpose (US FDA ruling, 1954) while violet wands are legal to manufacture, own, use and sell in every state in the US.

There are currently only two violet wand manufacturers in North America.141.151.219.15 16:49, 13 October 2006 (UTC)Violetwanda141.151.219.15 16:49, 13 October 2006 (UTC)|13:25, August 28, 2006}}

 * You're probably long gone, but it would be helpful, since you know the voltage and amperage, as well as the depth of penetration, to impart some knowledge regarding this device's safety with regard to "hairdresser" usage, and use on or near the scalp and head or brain. It would also be helpful to know more about the glass composition of the inert-gas bulb, as well as the specific mix, and relative ratios, of gases used therein.71.128.192.243 (talk) 19:13, 4 February 2008 (UTC)

Violetwanda: Checking in again, if late. 7/9/09. I could do that, and give you exact specs on both types of devices. The antique violet ray, and the modern violet wand. But there would be two sets of specifications and figures, plus a third set of specs on the beauty high frequency devices used for hair dressing if you wanted that. We are making the glass tubes for replacements for the antiques, and for the beauty industry as well and they have different compositions themselves too. Depth of penetration as regards safety is much much lower for the hairdressing machines and tubes, and much higher from the antique violet rays. How about if I would indicate a range in specs that covers all three devices, plus a range of specs for the gas tubes? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.37.21.204 (talk) 16:34, 9 July 2009 (UTC)

Violetwanda: 05/14/10 Ideally, this piece on violet wands and violet rays should be separated into two articles. Violet rays are antique 'quack' medical devices with a specific set of frequencies meant for alternative medical therapies. Violet wands are modern made devices specifically manufactured for erotic stimulation. They both have common components and history but are as different (and as similar) as computer monitors and televisions. Like computer monitors and televisions, they have people who use product A for product B's purpose and vice versa through some modification. But when you are talking violet wand, you are defining an adult product specifically for erotic stimulation. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 174.59.248.113 (talk) 18:22, 14 May 2010 (UTC)

Can you add our Link to this page ?
Hi - We have a huge range of Violet Wands online to suit all budgets and tasts. (removed commercial link)  Probably the only one on the net specialising in classic and antique Violet Wands —Preceding unsigned comment added by NickandMorphia (talk • contribs) 13:33, September 1, 2006
 * Unless your link actually adds some valuable content to the article, no. Wikipedia is not a collection of links, or a vehicle for advertising a business.--Crossmr 19:17, 1 September 2006 (UTC)

"The well known ozone smell"
A completely unhelpful phrase for what's meant to be an *explanatory* article! 81.159.57.18 23:21, 11 May 2007 (UTC)

 * It's a meaningful phrase to me, as I know what O3 smells like.71.128.192.243 (talk) 19:13, 4 February 2008 (UTC)

Violetwanda
Clarified difference between antique alternative medical use violet rays, and violet wands which are modern devices manufactured specifically for fetish use. Fetish Violet wand manufacturers are using modern components and results are dissimilar to antique medical violet rays. Am still willing to separate the article (as I stated above, May 2010) as the two devices are similar, but not the same, if it is thought that would be needed. Original 'single source' article that this wiki is based on, was mine pre-2000. Will return and provide citations to updated articles. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 174.59.248.113 (talk) 08:26, 23 September 2010 (UTC)

Quack or useful?
I'm familiar with the old violet rays being called quack devices. But wouldnt ozone and nox give them a topical antibacterial antifungal effect? And would their ability to irritate not give some counterirritant effect?

82.31.207.100 (talk) 22:37, 26 October 2010 (UTC)

Logically, that would follow, since the antique violet rays are very similar to their modern cousins. However, the FDA, pursuant to a 1954 lawsuit filed in 1951 against Master Electric Co. in Illinois, does not permit any medical claims to be used in regards to violet ray devices. The FDA permits certain limited claims to be made in regards to skin stimulation, antibacterial and oxygenation, only by FDA approved beauty devices known as high frequency machines, and only under the use of a licensed aesthetician. (ps to wiki, again, would be happy to separate this article that covers all related devices, into individual articles for each type of device.) Violetwanda  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 174.59.248.113 (talk) 19:39, 27 October 2010 (UTC)

Undid revision
Undid revision where educational group link was removed as possible 'advertisement'. The Violet Wand guild is the only educational group on the erotic use of the violet wand, and is a not for profit group with no commercial basis. The information for the wiki article on violet wands was taken originally from this group's information articles as the single source cited. The link for the Guild has been on this wiki since it was written from their original content. violetwanda

Undid revision
Undid recent revision which included misspellings, removed a commercial notation of a brand of a rare electrode size that does not enhance the article and was not accompanied by citation, and undid the vandalistic removal of the article's source citation. February 9, 2011 violetwanda

Scheduled edit
This article is slated to be separated into two separate articles, one on the antique quack medical device known as a violet ray, and one on the BDSM sex toy known as a violet wand. While the two share some technological similarities, they are not the same, nor used for the same purposes, and the article creates confusion. violetwanda

Undid revision
Undid revisions without cites from unknown contributor that included info on uv output. VWs produce no measureable uv according to original article source (single source from which this article information was gathered). Unknown also removed the cited source for this article- reinstated. Some information was posted that was true for violet rays, but not violet wands. Save that specific info for when the article is separated into the two. Feb 27, 2011. violetwanda —Preceding undated comment added 08:05, 28 February 2011 (UTC).

Separation into two articles : violet ray
Completed the separation into two articles: violet ray for the antique quack medical device and violet wand for the modern bdsm sex toy. Questions for editors, now that the article has been separated, more information could be included on their use, safety, output etc, as has been discussed previously. What type of use information (if any) should be expanded upon? Violetwanda (talk) 10:15, 28 February 2011 (UTC)

Undid Revisions
Removed commercial cite, added non-commercial citation for additional techniques information that was added by Zotdragon on 30 April. Violetwanda (talk) 05:16, 2 May 2011 (UTC)

At Violetpanda. Welcome to Wikipedia! As always, your contribution is appreciated. As you are a brand new editor and made your very first edit on this article, I would like to give you a hand in getting started. But FYI, I undid your revision to Violet wand Article. All edits should be verifiable and/or be referenced with accompanying citations. Erotec most definitely did manufacture violet wands, from c. 1995-2001, and this is referenced and cited and verifiable in hard print material, so should remain. While opinions may be in question, and web materials may be questionable as well, properly cited referenced material should not be removed. Where there is a differing opinion or contrasting statement to referenced material, we can add it with an equally weighty cited reference and present it as such. I hope that helps! Awolnetdiva (talk) 18:19, 12 May 2011 (UTC)

Copyright Violation/complete content removal
Aug 31, user 98.141.6.43 removed the complete content of this article and replaced its entiretly with unrelated copyrighted material from www.cayce.com/vray.htm, a site about antique quack medical instruments popularly called 'violet rays'. Article was successfully reverted by Xiglofre. This violet wand page is about a modern sexual device known as a violet wand. Please post about the antique quack medical devices known as violet rays at the related wiki but again, do not repost material from protected sources. Awolnetdiva (talk) 05:35, 4 September 2011 (UTC)

Request for Citation
Added citation requested. Minor edit. Re-added citation, linked to proper URL that shows specs, and changed link wording to 'specifications' from 'definitions' for clarity. @Yototrip, single citation is a minor edit. A major edit would be a substantial revision to the page. Agreed citation needed, added and cleaned up. Would rather not link to a commercial company's page with their manufacturing specs if we don't have to, but this info is the same. Awolnetdiva (talk) 22:34, 25 March 2012 (UTC)

The device pictured, an "Erotec Violet Wand, circa 2000," is an Electro-Technics BD-10A High Frequency Generator
The device pictured at the top of the article, labeled as an "Erotec Violet Wand, circa 2000," is actually an Electro-Technics BD-10A High Frequency Generator with the Electro-Technics label cleverly obscured - see http://www.electrotechnicproduct.com/Images/products/bd-10a.jpg. (This is the device used by a creationist science teacher to burn crosses on students' arms - see the the Wikipedia article "John Freshwater.") Paulburnett (talk) 14:40, 7 July 2012 (UTC)

 * I can see the similarity, but I have a device that looks like the one in the article except that it's black, and it also does not have a label of any kind as the one in your link. To say the device in the article "is actually" the one in your link can't really be proven. HalJor (talk) 18:04, 7 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Look on the flat base. If it says "BD-10," and has this bakelite housing then it's the same Bleadon-Dun Violetta device currently used everywhere, and variously called "Quack medical violet wand," "Violet ray," "Tesla Coil," "Oudin Coil," "Spark Coil," "Vacuum Tester," "Insulation Tester," etc. 208.38.199.57 (talk) 01:39, 18 January 2015 (UTC)

Appearance: There are many manufacturers of violet wands, both inside and outside the US, in Europe and in Asia, and most of them look very similar since they have similar function. The only company to make a red body violet wand was Erotec, which is no longer in business. John Freshwater: The device that was used to cause burns has been described in all news sources only as a tesla coil which is dissimilar. Violet wands can sometimes be based on technology similar to that of tesla coils, but they can also be electronic. It would be ambiguous to link such diverging devices together. Awolnetdiva (talk) 05:32, 9 October 2012 (UTC)
 * If you think that the internal workings of your device are completely different than Violetta BD-10, you need to open it up and take photos. Electro-technic Products has been selling these Violetta units for decades, they're widely used in science and industry, and for example complete repair parts are still available, showing the internal design is still the same as the late 1930s version.  They're sold for plasma surface-treatment of plastics, leak-testing during physics/chemistry glassblowing, gas leaks in neon signs, testing plastic insulation in storage tanks, and various tasks in physics classrooms.  *Do we need separate pages for each use of BD-10 device?!!*  In our chem department we have about ten of these, and I've repaired several.  The Electrotherapy Museum provides a brief history of Violetta/Cen on their site.  The BD-10 was sold as Energex and Cesco products.  208.38.199.57 (talk) 01:23, 18 January 2015 (UTC)

Note that the modern bakelite violet wand is actually a late-model Bleadon-Dunn Violetta model "BD-10" device. Most of these still have the model number "BD-10" molded into the flat end, but I've encountered one without it, yet the inner parts were no different. After Bleadon-Dun folded, manufacture was later taken up by Electro-Technic products. For example, here's a (instruction manual from Chicoago Scientific), still selling the same Violetta violet ray as an educational "Vacuum Tester" and high-voltage generator. 208.38.199.57 (talk) 01:23, 18 January 2015 (UTC)

 * There are multiple manufacturers of violet wands globally, and this photo is a good representation of the product, though this particular model ceased manufacture in 2001 with the Erotec company owner's death. I can somewhat see including a photo of a second model and body type from another manufacturer as well, to show there are different makes and models---EXCEPT does it serve any purpose other than to show there are multiple manufacturers? It is widely known that for every product on the planet, there are multiple makes and models by different manufacturers, and this would be no different on this product especially as it is not patented. But I can see your point that including a second photo of a different style may be helpful for people like yourself who find it ambiguous.Awolnetdiva (talk) 19:04, 23 October 2015 (UTC)

Anonymous edit for 'ad'
Anonymous editor removed fiction section for supposedly being advertising. I reverted and added an award-winning, major erotic fiction writer's work to show an additional example, as a measure of its popularity in fiction. Awolnetdiva (talk) 05:47, 9 October 2012 (UTC)

An anonymous editor made the same removal citing the books were 'non-notable'. Undid the removal this date. Both authors, and Laura Antoniou in particular, are award winning and major authors. Antoniou's awards in erotic, lesbian and sado-masochistic fiction are substantial.Awolnetdiva (talk) 05:46, 9 August 2014 (UTC)

Additional resources
14 January, User DecryptedNight (DecryptedNight) added information resources which appear primarily commercial. Will review the links, but they are pending removal.Awolnetdiva (talk) 21:34, 24 January 2013 (UTC)

Reviewed links and allowed to remain. First is not a commercial website and contains extensive information. 2nd link the site is commercial but the link is to a library of expansive articles. Awolnetdiva (talk) 04:29, 9 March 2013 (UTC)

Undid revisions
Undid revisions by IP address that removed valuable external links and replaced them with a commercial violet ray link. Remember that the information pages of a commercial site need to add substantially different information-rich content to be acceptable. In any case, violet ray information links belong here: Violet ray, and not on Violet wand. While similar, violet rays are antique quack medical devices, while violet wands are modern bdsm/kink toys. Awolnetdiva (talk) 17:38, 27 September 2013 (UTC)

Undid revisions
Undid removal of important source information, citations by Drmies. Drmies, While these may look like 'spammy' links to people not familiar with the topic, the citations and references are original sources that are directly responsible for the standard terminology, done the research, developed the information, and are the vetted and recognized expert 'go-to' sources. Their expert info is found and/or published nowhere else (yet). Please discuss first before making major revisions that remove references to the original sources of the material referenced by the article. Thanks! Awolnetdiva (talk) 19:25, 26 August 2016 (UTC)

undid revisions again. PLEASE discuss. This article has reached consensus over a period of years, and such a major edit as you wish to do, should ALSO reach consensus before being made. Use good wiki protocol, discuss rationale for making the edit, use the talk page... Editors knowledgeable in this subject matter consider it important to this subject matter to make sure the original sources for the information in this article are properly referenced, and there is probably a better way to do it, (such as placing the citations in the body to cite where the information originated from )but removal should be discussed in the talk page per wiki etiquette. Should it not? Thank you. Awolnetdiva (talk) 05:25, 27 August 2016 (UTC)

Drmies major change of article
Drmies, 'we' is me as a member of the kink community who is knowledgeable about this obscure niche device and its history. If I was a transgender person explaining the importance to 'us' of certain links on a wikipedia about transgenderism, then you'd understand. If I was a gay person explaining to a straight wikipedia editor, the importance of linking to a web article about Stonewall, you'd understand. Perhaps you'll take a relook at the links after I explain. Or better still, perhaps you can help decide how the important information should go into the article if you don't agree with it as links.

The violet wand is a relatively new invention in the US. Donnie Rice of Erotec began manufacturing them in the late 1990s, but they were little known or used. AFter his death in 2001, they gained a popularity through a woman with the scene name Violetwanda. She is the Henry Ford of violet wands and you can not talk about violet wands without talking about her. Her company invented most of the violet wand products in use today. And the techniques to go with them. If we said Henry Ford invented the assembly line for automobile manufacturing, this would be the same thing. She trained a US-wide network of demonstrators to teach people how to use it, and like Henry Ford, made this obscure device well known and popular in the kink community. The link to her information page, www.violetwanda.net is not commercial and nothing is for sale there, though from her information site, she does link to her two company's websites, completely different domains. But her information page is where everyone goes to get the information found everywhere else. Its an original source for extensive violet wand information.

Another bit of information (or link) that should be there is the one to the International Violet Wand Guild at www.violetwands.org. That is not a commercial site, and you should relook. There is NOTHING for sale there. They do product reviews sometimes. It is a group of several thousand violet wand users, and a board of directors with an elected president. Since violet wands are new (late 1990s) there is no government regulation or standards, and they are electric devices that are used on humans. The International violet wand guild set the standards for their manufacturing and safety, and set the definitions and terminology. It too, is an original source for violet wand information.

The only link that you left, Uncle Abdul's book, contains 2 paragraphs on violet wands as it was written while they were still obscure. Since they were developed in the late 1990s, not much appears in print about them, and that is the only book with an ISBN that contains anything. But it is a mere 2 paragraphs and not inclusive. The bulk of violet wand information is put forth in modern technology--on the web in articles by experts. The kink community recognizes these expert sources and they are important to it. The only link you left, is not representative of the available information or history of the device.

I do understand your point about some of the other links. The author Laura Antoniou is probably unknown to you, but she is the FOREMOST kink author and fiction writer of BDSM and recognized throughout the community. Her use of the violet wand in fiction was notable because it shows that this once obscure device is growing in popularity. Remember, that 50 Shades was a self-published book. Technology moves forward. Self-published books have an increasing place and should not be ignored.

I understand that you do not know any of this since the BDSM community is largely self-contained. I also understand that wikipedia is not a collection of links, except as wikipedia says: "External links in an article can be helpful to the reader, but they should be kept minimal, meritable, and directly relevant to the article." The International Violet Wand Guild as the major source for violet wand information, and the lead developer Violetwanda, are both meritable and directly relevant. So Im sure you'll work with the importance of these two sources and help find a way as a reputable editor to include the information, even if its not in links. Threatening to report is useful only to get what you want... but what you want is not relevant to this device or to the people who use it and want to look up information on it.

So, how best to get the two most relevant information into back into the article? That in the early 200s, The International Violet Wand Guild set the standards for the manufacture and safety of violet wands, and set the definitions and terminology. And that the Steve Jobs/Henry Ford in the development of violet wands, making them available to a wide audience, and the development of most products associated with them, is a kink community woman who goes by the alias Violetwanda? There isn't a wikipedia page about her, since she's still living.

Lets come to a consensus on how to present the important information. It doesn't have to be links if you are dead set against them, but its vital and relevant information. Thanks! Awolnetdiva (talk) 18:51, 28 September 2016 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Awolnetdiva (talk • contribs)
 * Everything stands or falls with reliable sources. Company sources are not reliable sources. Drmies (talk) 17:13, 29 September 2016 (UTC)

Why is it called "violet"?
Since it's not related to ultraviolet, why this choice of word? Equinox ◑ 20:20, 5 November 2016 (UTC)
 * because they generally glow with a violet light, as shown here: . IdreamofJeanie (talk) 20:53, 5 November 2016 (UTC)

 * Maybe this should be mentioned in the article. I don't think it's there. Equinox ◑ 06:58, 6 November 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Violet wand


text:
Actephila

Actephila is a genus of about 36 species of flowering plants in the family Phyllanthaceae native to Southeast Asia, China, the Himalayas, Papuasia and northern Australia. Plants in the genus Actephila are monoecious trees or shrubs with entire leaves that are usually arranged alternately along the branches, flowers arranged singly or in clusters in leaf axils usually with 5 sepals and petals.

Description
Plants in the genus Actephila are monoecious, evergreen trees, shrubs or subshrubs. Their leaves are simple and usually entire, with pinnate veins. The flowers are arranged singly or in clusters in leaf axils with separate male and female flowers, or sometimes male and female flowers on separate plants. The flowers have 4 to 6 overlapping sepals and usually 2 to 6 petals, male flowers with 3 to 6 stamens, and female flowers with a 3 locular ovary. The fruit is a lobed capsule.

Taxonomy
The genus Actephila was first formally described in 1826 by Carl Ludwig Blume in his Bijdragen tot de Flora van Nederlandsch Indie. The name of the genus is derived from two Greek words, akte, "the seashore", and philos, "loving", referring to a coastal habitat.

Species list
The following is a list of Actephila species accepted by Plants of the World Online as at July 2024: • Actephila alanbakeri Welzen & Ent

• Actephila albidula Gagnep.

• Actephila anthelminthica Gagnep.

• Actephila bella P.I.Forst.

• Actephila championiae P.I.Forst.

• Actephila collinsiae W.Hunter ex Craib

• Actephila daii Yhin

• Actephila discoides Heijkoop & Welzen

• Actephila dolichopoda Airy Shaw

• Actephila emarginata Heijkoop & Welzen

• Actephila excelsa (Dalzell) Müll.Arg.

• Actephila flavescens P.I.Forst.

• Actephila foetida Domin

• Actephila forsteri B.J.Conn

• Actephila grandifolia (Müll.Arg.) Baill.

• Actephila latifolia Benth.

• Actephila lindleyi (Steud.) Airy Shaw

• Actephila longipedicellata (Merr.) Croizat

• Actephila macrantha Gagnep.

• Actephila merrilliana Chun

• Actephila mooreana Baill.

• Actephila nitidula Gagnep.

• Actephila ovalis (Ridl.) Gage

• Actephila petiolaris Benth.

• Actephila pierrei Gagnep.

• Actephila platysepala Gagnep.

• Actephila plicata P.I.Forst.

• Actephila puberula Kurz

• Actephila saccata Welzen & Heijkoop

• Actephila sessilifolia Benth.

• Actephila stipularis Welzen & Heijkoop

• Actephila subsessilis Gagnep.

• Actephila traceyi P.I.Forst.

• Actephila trichogyna Airy Shaw

• Actephila venusta P.I.Forst.

• Actephila vernicosa P.I.Forst.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Actephila


text:
Entrepreneur (magazine)

Entrepreneur is an American magazine and website that carries news stories about entrepreneurship, small business management, and business. First published in 1977. it is published by Entrepreneur Media Inc., headquartered in Irvine, California. The magazine publishes 10 issues annually, available through subscription and on newsstands. It has been published under license internationally in Mexico, Russia, India, Hungary, the Philippines, South Africa, and others. Its editor-in-chief is Jason Feifer and its owner is Peter Shea.

History
Since 1979, Entrepreneur has annually published a list of its top 500 franchise companies. The magazine also published many other lists and awards, one of the most prominent being the Entrepreneur 360 formed to identify businesses mastering the art and science of growing a business. Companies are evaluated based on the analysis of 50-plus data points organized into five pillars; Revenue and Customers, Management Efficiency, Innovation, Financial Evaluation, and Business Valuation.

In 1996, the magazine launched its website, Entrepreneur.com, which expanded to include features, contests, and other publications and spin-offs.

It is recognised as one of America's leading business publications, competing with the likes of Forbes Magazine, Fortune, and Fast Company.

Franchise 500
The Franchise 500 is an annual list compiled and published by Entrepreneur that ranks 500 of the most prominent American franchising companies through a submission and review process. The Franchise 500 first began in 1979 and has been published every year since.

Spin-offs
Entrepreneur publishes the Entrepreneur StartUps magazine, available through subscription and on newsstands. The magazine publishes a blog managed by a dedicated online staff. It is also published in digital editions through its mobile apps.

In 1999, the website YoungEntrepreneur.com was created as a spin-off of Entrepreneur.com. It is an online forum for young entrepreneurs. In 2010, Entrepreneur launched the website SecondAct.com, which is targeted at an older audience. When launched, the site used advertising as its sole source of revenue. Entrepreneur also publishes books through its Entrepreneur Press division. The company has a backlist of over 200 titles on business and entrepreneurship.

Masters of Scale
In April 2017, Reid Hoffman announced the launch of a new podcast called "Masters of Scale", with Entrepreneur magazine as its media partner. In each episode, Reid acts as the host, introducing a counterintuitive business theory and proving it out through the episode through a series of conversations with successful entrepreneurs. Masters of Scale is committed to a 50-50 gender balance.

The official podcast launched on 5 May 2017, and was featured on the Entrepreneur Magazine website, but it is now exclusively hosted at mastersofscale.com. Episodes so far feature guests such as Mark Zuckerberg, Brian Chesky, Sheryl Sandberg, Stewart Butterfield, Diane Greene, John Elkann, and Nancy Lublin.

Controversies
In 2006, unusual web traffic measurements led to allegations that Entrepreneur.com used pop-ups to artificially boost its number of readers.

The company has been involved in many lawsuits regarding its trademark on the word entrepreneur, suing a wide variety of entities for using the word. The trademark has generally attracted criticism for being on a commonly used word for which there is no substitute, and the aggressiveness with which it is applied has been noted as somewhat ironic; Business Week asked, "Why would the publisher of Entrepreneur magazine be bullying entrepreneurs?"

title: Entrepreneur (magazine)


text:
2002 Euler

2002 Euler is a stony background asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 17 km in diameter. It was discovered on 29 August 1973, by Russian astronomer Tamara Smirnova at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory in Nauchnyj, and assigned the prov. designation. It was named after Swiss mathematician Leonhard Euler.

Orbit and characterization
Euler is a non-family asteroid of the main belt's background population when applying the hierarchical clustering method to its proper orbital elements. It orbits the Sun at a distance of 2.3–2.6 AU once every 3 years and 9 months (1,373 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.07 and an inclination of 9° with respect to the ecliptic.

Naming
This minor planet was named after Swiss mathematician, physicist and astronomer Leonhard Euler (1707–1783). His contributions to astronomy included two theories for the motion of the Moon. Euler spent much of his time in St. Petersburg and was associated with the Russian Academy of Sciences. The official was published by the Minor Planet Center on 15 October 1977 (M.P.C. 4238).

Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite, and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Euler measures between 14.49 and 19.773 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.0416 and 0.0839. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link adopts Petr Pravec's revised WISE-data, that is, an albedo of 0.0375 and a diameter of 19.78 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 12.7.

title: 2002 Euler


text:
Talk:Ländler

Comment
MarSch recently redirected this article to Music of Austria, having moved its contents there. I have restored the article. I really feel the subject deserves an article of its own. Of course, the dance should be mentioned in the Music of Austria article (though whether it needs as much detail as is there now is another matter), but the size and importance of the subject, as well as the liklihood of somebody looking for information specifically on the Ländler, is easily such that it should have an in-depth article of its own as well (the stuff in the article now is really just a starting point--much more could be written). And apart from anything else, the Ländler is neither exclusively Austrian nor exclusively musical (it is, after all, a dance). --Camembert 15:26, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

Untitled
I concur, this article should be separate from Music of Austria. --Overhere2000 (talk) 18:35, 29 December 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ländler


text:
KY-58

The VINSON KY-58 is a secure voice module primarily used to encrypt radio communication to and from military aircraft and other tactical vehicles. It is employed by U.S. Military Joint Services, NATO and some law enforcement agencies. It is designed to operate over bandwidth-restricted circuits such as UHF and VHF satellite access and wideband switched telephone systems. It uses the 16 kbit/s continuously variable slope delta modulation (CVSD). The system was initially fielded as a replacement for the KG-36 and KG-34. The unit fits in a five-inch cube and weighs about 5 pounds. Production ended in 1993.

title: KY-58


text:
The Snow (song)

The Snow is a track by the British group Coil, available on the album Love's Secret Domain and also released as a 12" vinyl, cassette and CD EP.

Background
A music video of "The Snow (Answers Come in Dreams II)" was directed by Peter Christopherson.

"The Snow (Driftmix)" and "The Snow (Out in the Cold)" are remixes by Peter Christopherson. "The Snow (Answers Come in Dreams I)" and "The Snow (Answers Come in Dreams II)" are remixes by Jack Dangers. "The Snow (As Pure As?)" was remixed by John Balance and Drew McDowall.

The EP was later combined with Windowpane and released as Windowpane & The Snow.

12" vinyl
Side A:
 * 1) "The Snow (Driftmix) – 2:35
 * 2) "The Snow (Answers Come in Dreams I)" – 5:47
 * 3) "The Snow (Out in the Cold)" – 7:43

Side B:
 * 1) "The Snow (As Pure As?)" – 6:33
 * 2) "The Snow (Answers Come in Dreams II)" – 5:57
 * 3) "The Snow" – 6:48

CD

 * 1) "The Snow (Driftmix)" – 2:35
 * 2) "The Snow (Answers Come in Dreams I)" – 5:47
 * 3) "The Snow (Out in the Cold)" – 7:43
 * 4) "The Snow (As Pure As?)" – 6:33
 * 5) "The Snow (Answers Come in Dreams II)" – 5:57
 * 6) "The Snow" – 6:48

title: The Snow (song)


text:
Anomospermum

Anomospermum is a genus of flowering plants in the family Menispermaceae. It consists of five species from tropical America, ranging from Nicaragua to southern Brazil.

Species

 * Anomospermum andersonii Krukoff
 * Anomospermum chloranthum Diels
 * Anomospermum matogrossense Krukoff & Barneby
 * Anomospermum reticulatum (Mart.) Eichler
 * Anomospermum steyermarkii Krukoff & Barneby

title: Anomospermum


text:
User talk:Mad onion

Welcome!

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Image Tagging for Image:Black Mesa (Mod) Screenshot1.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Black Mesa (Mod) Screenshot1.jpg. The image has been identified as not specifying the source and creator of the image, which is required by Wikipedia's policy on images. If you don't indicate the source and creator of the image on the image's description page, it may be deleted some time in the next seven days. If you have uploaded other images, please verify that you have provided source information for them as well.

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This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. 12:05, 15 July 2006 (UTC)

Talk:List of countries by GDP %28nominal%29
Hi - you're invited to join in a discussion on the inclusion of the EU in the List of countries by GDP %28nominal%29 article. Regards  SilkTork  *YES! 23:13, 14 June 2008 (UTC)

Talk:List_of_countries_by_GDP_%28nominal%29
The Mediation discussion regarding the inclusion of the EU in List of countries by GDP %28nominal%29 has come to a conclusion with the following result:
 * The EU to remain in List of countries by GDP (nominal).
 * The EU to be positioned according to GDP rank between World and USA.
 * No consensus on the EU appearing in all three charts. By convention this means the situation would remain as current - that is the EU remains on all three charts.
 * Data for the EU on each chart to only be given if sourced, otherwise a dash to replace the data.
 * Explanation to be placed in the lead section for the appearance of the EU and other non-countries. Possible wording: "Several economies which are not normally considered to be countries are included in the list because they appear in the sources. These economies are not ranked in the charts here, but are listed in sequence by GDP for comparison."
 * The List retains the current name.
 * A suggestion by Tomeasy that I feel should be carried out is that the sister articles are given the same treatment as agreed above.

Unless there are significant disagreements within the next 48 hours I will be closing the Mediation. Any questions, please get in touch. Regards  SilkTork  *YES! 10:50, 21 June 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for File:ST-VOY_Coda.jpg
Thanks for uploading or contributing to File:ST-VOY_Coda.jpg. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use. Suggestions on how to do so can be found here.

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title: User talk:Mad onion


text: User talk:216.200.93.134

title: User talk:216.200.93.134


text:
User talk:Davidriche

Welcome!

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Geetings. You might wish to read the Copyright_FAQ Wikipedia Copyright Frequently Asked Questions page before uploading Myrea Pettit fairy images and using them in articles. From the Myrea Pettit and David Riche articles, I see you have a connection with the artist, and Tinkerbell_wiki.jpg appeared on a page about her, but there needs to be a license or fair use statement on the image page, releasing the image for unlimited distribution in Wikipedia. Cheers. Dethomas 03:03, 24 November 2005 (UTC)

Image:Tinkerbell.jpg has been listed as a possible copyright violation
adminhelp

 * I am not a SYSOP, however, You need to post your question directly below this template in order to receive help. Please ask your question directly so the SYSOP knows what you need and can answer your question. -- Crazysane (T/C\D) 16:17, 30 August 2010 (UTC)
 * P.s. I'm not an admin either, but I may be able to help if you post your question. If it  is  an admin you need, just delete the 'tl|' part in front of the adminhelp template, and write your question beneath it. If you think your question can be assisted by a experienced user, simply replace the adminhelp with helpme and post your question beneath. Thanks! -- Imagine Wizard (talk • contribs • count ) Iway amway Imagineway Izardway. 16:19, 30 August 2010 (UTC)

I am not a experienced wikipedia user, I recently added a couple of references to a page that has been good enough for a very long time without a problem to be faced with three editorial problems that never existed before? I am not sure quite what has suddenly become a problem nor how to deal with or improve this particular referencing. Everything shown is with the agreement of the living author and could be extended but the thought of so much editing I am afraid is a nightmare, do you have a qualified editorial expert to avoid these problems that would help me please

Link added to Fairy (and other articles)
Please do not add inappropriate external links to Wikipedia. Wikipedia is not a mere directory of links nor should it be used for advertising or promotion. Inappropriate links include (but are not limited to) links to personal web sites, links to web sites with which you are affiliated, and links that exist to attract visitors to a web site or promote a product. See the external links guideline and spam policies for further explanations of links that are considered appropriate. If you feel the link should be added to the article, then please discuss it on the article's talk page rather than re-adding it. See the welcome page to learn more about Wikipedia. Thank you. DreamGuy 13:28, 23 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Apparently, all of the above is still a persistent problem with this user... Stevenmitchell (talk) 18:33, 16 August 2010 (UTC)

File permission problem with File:Tinkerbell by Myrea Pettit.jpg
Thanks for uploading File:Tinkerbell by Myrea Pettit.jpg. I noticed that while you provided a valid copyright licensing tag, there is no proof that the creator of the file has agreed to release it under the given license.

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If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have provided evidence that their copyright owners have agreed to license their works under the tags you supplied, too. You can find a list of files you have created in [ your upload log]. Files lacking evidence of permission may be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described in section F11 of the criteria for speedy deletion. You may wish to read Wikipedia's image use policy. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. ★ Bigr   Tex  03:23, 1 May 2021 (UTC)

Nomination of Watercolor Fairies for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Watercolor Fairies is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Watercolor Fairies until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article until the discussion has finished. ~ L 🌸 (talk) 06:01, 25 June 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:Davidriche


text: User:Kinkku Ananas

title: User:Kinkku Ananas


text:
User talk:Ek1991

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --Merovingian (t) (c) 15:31, August 30, 2005 (UTC)
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title: User talk:Ek1991


text:
User talk:Emme~enwiki

Welcome!

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Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Emme. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Emme~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:43, 19 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 12:35, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Emme~enwiki


text:
User talk:Kopiok

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --Merovingian (t) (c) 15:31, August 30, 2005 (UTC)
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title: User talk:Kopiok


text:
Bosor

Bosor (Βοσόρ) was an ancient Biblical Levitical city and one of the three Trans-Jordanian Cities of Refuge named in the Mosaic Law. It was located in Gilead, and was conquered by Judas Maccabeus. It is sometimes identified with modern-day Busra al-Harir.

Josephus commented on its conquest.

title: Bosor


text:
User talk:The Prodigal Son

Welcome!

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title: User talk:The Prodigal Son


text: Template:Municipalities in La Gomera

title: Template:Municipalities in La Gomera


text:
Agulo

Agulo is located on the north coast of the island of La Gomera in the province of Santa Cruz de Tenerife of the Canary Islands. It is located 13 km northwest of the capital San Sebastián de la Gomera. The population was 1,100 in 2013.

Nature and agriculture
Agulo is known as the "green balcony". The Meriga Forest is part of UNESCO's World Heritage Site, and is part of the Garajonay National Park. The main crop cultivated are bananas.

Subdivisions

 * Agulo
 * Lepe
 * La Palmita
 * Las Rosas
 * Cruz de Tierno
 * Juego de Bolas
 * Meriga
 * Pajar de Bento
 * Piedra Gorda
 * Serpa
 * La Vega

title: Agulo


text:
File:AlexanderHWillard.jpg

Summary
Alexander H. Willard

title: File:AlexanderHWillard.jpg


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Anonymous access

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete --Allen3 talk 13:49, September 6, 2005 (UTC)

Anonymous access
Naught but a dictionary definition, and unlikely to be more. Al 15:32, August 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - dicdef ---Outlander 15:53, August 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as above. --Zetawoof 16:04, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Copyvio. --cesarb 18:23, 3 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Chonocentrum

Chonocentrum is a genus of the family Phyllanthaceae described as a genus in 1922. It contains only known species, Chonocentrum cyathophorum, native to the State of Amazonas in northwestern Brazil.

The genus is still not well understood; W. John Hayden has observed that the plant seems have been collected just once, in upper Rio Negro of Brazil in the 1850s, and suggests that it has been misplaced taxonomically.

title: Chonocentrum


text:
User talk:Dondemuth

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Wikipedia is an encyclopedia, not a dictionary
Welcome, Dondemuth. I hope you will continue to contribute. However, I noticed that a lot of the articles you recently have created are basically just definitions of terms. Wikipedia is not a dictionary -- in an encyclopedia, we want articles that describe the subject and indicate why it is significant, not just say what it is. If you see some of your articles nominated for deletion, I hope this will help you understand the reasoning, and that you will not be discouraged from writing more encyclopedic articles. --Russ Blau (talk) 12:03, August 31, 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:WS I.gif
Thanks for uploading Image:WS I.gif. I notice the image page currently doesn't specify who created the image, so the copyright status is therefore unclear. If you have not created the image yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the image on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the image yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

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Image:Nesi logo.gif listed for deletion
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Image:Corba Server.gif listed for deletion
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Image:Netcompactframework.jpg listed for deletion
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Disputed fair use rationale for Image:Nesi logo.png
Thanks for uploading Image:Nesi logo.png. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read the instructions at Non-free content carefully, then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies for fair use. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot (talk) 20:38, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

Personal Web Server
Another editor has added the  template to the article Personal Web Server, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but the editor doesn't believe it satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and has explained why in the article (see also What Wikipedia is not and Notability). Please either work to improve the article if the topic is worthy of inclusion in Wikipedia or discuss the relevant issues at its talk page. If you remove the  template, the article will not be deleted, but note that it may still be sent to Articles for deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. BJBot (talk) 07:00, 14 February 2008 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with File:Wfs ogc.gif
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Image copyright problem with File:Wfs ogc2.gif
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Image copyright problem with File:Wfs ogc3.gif
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Image copyright problem with File:Wfs ogc4.gif
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Fair use rationale for File:The rosebuds.jpg
Thanks for uploading or contributing to File:The rosebuds.jpg. I notice the file page specifies that the file is being used under fair use but there is not a suitable explanation or rationale as to why each specific use in Wikipedia constitutes fair use. Please go to the file description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale.

If you have uploaded other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on those pages too. You can find a list of 'file' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "File" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free media lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. –Drilnoth (T • C • L) 01:49, 8 September 2009 (UTC)

Replaceable fair use Image:The rosebuds.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:The rosebuds.jpg. I noticed the description page specifies that the media is being used under a claim of fair use, but its use in Wikipedia articles fails our first non-free content criterion in that it illustrates a subject for which a freely licensed media could reasonably be found or created that provides substantially the same information. If you believe this media is not replaceable, please:

 * 1) Go to the media description page and edit it to add, without deleting the original replaceable fair use template.
 * 2) On the image discussion page, write the reason why this image is not replaceable at all.

Alternatively, you can also choose to replace this non-free media by finding freely licensed media of the same subject, requesting that the copyright holder release this (or similar) media under a free license, or by taking a picture of it yourself.

If you have uploaded other non-free media, consider checking that you have specified how these images fully satisfy our non-free content criteria. You can find a list of description pages you have edited by clicking on [ this link]. Note that even if you follow steps 1 and 2 above, non-free media which could be replaced by freely licensed alternatives will be deleted 2 days after this notification (7 days if uploaded before 13 July 2006), per our non-free content policy. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. –Drilnoth (T • C • L) 01:49, 8 September 2009 (UTC)

File source problem with File:Msmq.jpg
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The media file you uploaded as File:Public interface.gif appears to be missing information as to its authorship (and or source), or if you did provide such information, it is confusing for others trying to make use of the image.

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Proposed deletion of Capability Development Document

The article Capability Development Document has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * No indication of notability

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Mean as custard (talk) 10:55, 11 April 2014 (UTC)

title: User talk:Dondemuth


text:
User talk:Termite47384

Welcome!

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title: User talk:Termite47384


text:
Princess Margaret of Prussia

Margaret of Prussia (Margarethe Beatrice Feodora; 22 April 1872 – 22 January 1954) was the youngest child of Frederick III, German Emperor, and Victoria, Princess Royal. She was also the younger sister of Emperor Wilhelm II and the granddaughter of Queen Victoria. She married Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse, the elected King of Finland, making her the would-be Queen of Finland had he not decided to renounce the throne on 14 December 1918. In 1926, they assumed the titles of Landgrave and Landgravine of Hesse. The couple had six sons and lost three of them in wartime, two during the First and one during the Second World War.

Early life
Princess Margaret of Prussia was the youngest of eight children born to Frederick III, then Crown Prince of the German Empire, and Victoria, Princess Royal, Britain's Queen Victoria's eldest daughter. Born on 22 April 1872 in the Hohenzollerns' New Palace in Potsdam, by the time the infant was christened, her head was covered with short hair like moss, from which she acquired her nickname "Mossy". She was named Margarethe Beatrice Feodora. Crown Princess Margherita of Italy was her godmother and Emperor Pedro II of Brazil was her godfather.

Princess Margaret grew up amid great privilege and formality. Together with her sisters, Princess Viktoria and Princess Sophie, Margaret was deeply attached to her parents, forming an antagonist group to that of her eldest siblings, William II, Princess Charlotte and Prince Henry. She remained close to her mother after the death of her father. Margaret was widely regarded as the most popular of Kaiser Wilhelm II's sisters, and she maintained good relations with a wide array of family members. She was the first cousin of both King George V of the United Kingdom and Empress Alexandra of Russia, all three being grandchildren of Victoria. As an adult, she was said to resemble her aunt, Princess Alice.

Marriage
Princess Margaret was first attracted to Prince Maximilian of Baden. When he did not reciprocate her affection, she moved on to her second choice, Max's close friend, Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse, future head of the Hesse-Kassel dynasty and future elected King of Finland. They were married on 25 January 1893 at the Hohenzollern Stadtschloss in Berlin on the anniversary of her parents' wedding.

At the time of the wedding, Prince Frederick Charles was not the Head of the House of Hesse-Kassel. The position was held by his older and virtually blind brother Landgrave Alexander Friederich, who relinquished it in the mid-1920s in order to enter an unequal marriage. Prince Frederick Charles, as was his title when he married, was addressed as His Highness, while Princess Margaret warranted Royal Highness. This disparity came to an end in 1925 when Frederick Charles became Landgrave of Hesse and Head of the house of Hesse-Kassel.

They were second cousins, both great-grandchildren of King Friedrich Wilhelm III of Prussia, he through his mother Anna, she through her father Friedrich. Initially, her brother Wilhelm opposed the match as he felt that Frederick Charles's position was too "minor" for the Kaiser's sister. Later, however, he gave his blessing, since Margaret herself "was so unimportant". The marriage was very happy. Princess Margaret had a strong personality; she would always seem more secure and grounded than her husband. The couple's main residence during the early years of marriage was Schloss Rumpenheim. Margaret's husband was her mother's favorite son-in-law. In 1901, Princess Margaret inherited Schloss Friedrichshof at the death of her mother. It was highly unconventional for a husband to reside in his wife's home. However, Margaret was committed to maintain the house of her mother which entailed a great expense and the family moved to Friedrichshof.

In 1918, Margaret's husband accepted the offer of the throne of newly independent Finland, but due to German misfortunes in World War I, soon renounced it. She would have become the Queen of Finland. Her predecessor as Grand Duchess-consort of Finland was her first cousin, Empress Alexandra Feodorovna of Russia.

Family tragedies
Margaret's elder sons, Friedrich Wilhelm and Maximilian, were killed in action during World War I. Prince Maximilian, Princess Margaret's second and favorite son, was serving near Aisne when he was seriously wounded by machine gun fire in October 1914. He died soon afterward and his body was secretly buried in the village of Caestre by the local people, who learned he was the Kaiser's nephew. The priest refused to identify the grave until the Germans had left Belgium and a compensation was paid. Max's younger brother Wolfgang appealed for help to the British authorities, and eventually, after an enquiry was made, Maximilian's body was returned to his family. Princess Margaret's oldest son, Friedrich Wilhelm, died on 12 September 1916 at Kara Orman in Romania. He was killed in close fighting; his throat was slit by an enemy bayonet.

Her two other sons, Philipp and Christoph, embraced Nazism, and Margaret, who was the sister of the last Kaiser Wilhelm II, invited Adolf Hitler to tea and flew the swastika from her home at Schloss Kronberg. Philipp married Princess Mafalda, daughter of King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy. Due to his close relations with the King of Italy, Philipp was appointed in 1939 to Hitler's personal staff, since he could be a useful channel of communications between Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy. . Publicly, he continued with his duties and occasionally he made private missions in Italy for Hitler. When Italy capitulated, he personally informed Hitler. Hitler's revenge recoiled on Philipp, who was imprisoned in a concentration camp for political prisoners. His wife Mafalda was taken to Buchenwald, where she died of a haemorrhage caused by the amputation of her arm, which had been mangled in a bombing raid on the camp.

Margaret's fifth son, Christoph, was a staunch supporter of the German war effort, but after the Battle of Stalingrad, he became frustrated by the limitations placed on his own role in the conflict, and increasingly critical of the German leadership. Christoph's reaction to the assassination of Heydrich, whom he called a "dangerous and cruel man", in 1942 was that it was "the best news I had in a long time". The Nazi regime had turned against his family by the time he died in a plane crash near Forli on 7 October 1943. He was married to Princess Sophie of Greece, sister of Philip, Prince of Greece and Denmark who, in 1947, married the heir to the throne of the United Kingdom and, in 1952, became Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, consort of Queen Elizabeth II.

Margaret also lost another one of her daughters-in-law during the war. Wolfgang's wife, Princess Marie Alexandra, when she and seven other women war aid workers, were killed in a bomb attack on Frankfurt on 29–30 January 1944. The cellar in which they had taken refuge collapsed under the weight of the building, rendering Marie Alexandra's body barely recognisable.

Margaret, very much the matriarch, was at the centre of her large and dynamic family. During and after World War II, she took care of many of her grandchildren and tried to preserve a centre at Friedrichshof as their parents faced various tribulations.

Last years
Landgravine Margaret had difficult years after 1945; they were compounded by the theft from Schloss Friedrichshof in November 1945 of the family jewellery, valued at over £2,000,000. After World War II, Friedrichshof was used as an officer's club by the military authorities during the American occupation. Princess Margaret's son Wolfgang, fearing for the jewels, had buried them in a sub-cellar of the castle. On 5 November 1945, the manager of the club, Captain Kathleen Nash, discovered the jewels and together with her future husband, Colonel Jack Durant, and Major David Watson, stole the treasure and took it out of Germany. In early 1946, Princess Margaret discovered the theft when the family wanted to use the jewels for the wedding of Princess Sophia who was preparing to remarry. Princess Sophia and Landgravine Margaret reported it to the Frankfurt authorities, and the culprits were imprisoned in August 1951. The Hesse family received what had been recovered: only 10 percent of what had been stolen.

Landgravine Margaret, the last surviving child of Emperor Frederick III and last grandchild of emperor Emperor Wilhelm I, died in Kronberg on 22 January 1954, 14 years after her husband and exactly 53 years to the day after her British grandmother Queen Victoria. She was 81 years old.

Children
Landgravine Margaret and her husband Frederick Charles of Hesse had six sons, including two sets of twins:
 * Prince Friedrich Wilhelm of Hesse-Kassel (24 November 1893 – 12 September 1916), killed in action in World War I.
 * Prince Maximilian of Hesse-Kassel (20 October 1894 – 13 October 1914), killed in action in World War I.
 * Prince Philipp of Hesse-Kassel (6 November 1896 – 25 October 1980 Rome), married on 23 September 1925 to Princess Mafalda of Savoy (19 November 1902 Rome – 28 August 1944), had issue.
 * Prince Wolfgang of Hesse-Kassel (6 November 1896 – 12 July 1989), married Princess Marie Alexandra of Baden, no issue.
 * Prince Richard Wilhelm Leopold of Hesse-Kassel (14 May 1901 – 11 February 1969).
 * Prince Christoph of Hesse-Kassel (14 May 1901 – 7 October 1943), married Princess Sophie of Greece and Denmark (26 June 1914 Mon Repos, Corfu – 24 November 2001 Bavaria) on 13 December 1930 (civil) and 15 December 1930 (religious), had issue. Killed in action in World War II.

Archives
Margaret's personal papers (including family correspondence) are preserved in the Archive of the House of Hesse, which is kept in Fasanerie Palace in Eichenzell, Germany.

Honours

 * Kingdom of Prussia:
 * Dame of the Order of Louise, 1st Division
 * Red Cross Medal, 1st Class
 * Grand Duchy of Hesse: Dame of the Order of the Golden Lion, 25 January 1893
 * undefined: Royal Order of Victoria and Albert, 2nd Class

title: Princess Margaret of Prussia


text: User talk:24.116.224.79

title: User talk:24.116.224.79


text:
Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Makuria

Makuria
Self-nom. A product of my CSB efforts to fill some of the African history gaps, this is a somewhat obscure topic. Also a bit of a difficult one to write about, as so much is not known about this period of history. It has been through peer review and all concerns raised there have been addressed. - SimonP 15:34, August 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. I made some minor copy edits, mostly to avoid using the same or similar words in too close proximity to one another (period, period, period ==> period, time, era; etc.). Please go over it and make sure I didn't change any meaning by accident. At any rate, a good article. While my support isn't contingent on it, I think it might be a good idea to define the Cataracts and Meroe in the introduction -- A good number of people who might see this article on the main page may not be familiar with the terms. Also, under "Economy", the sentence "The methods used were generally the same that have been used for millennia" should be expanded -- assume the reader doesn't know what these methods are, and define them succinctly. But most of all: Good work! BrianSmithson 17:58, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Support, very informative. --Michael Snow 20:22, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Support While it's annoying that so much information is unavaillable about this kingdom (The words "it is unclear", "scholars disagree about" "modern historians don't know" etc. appear too often) I think this article is pretty comprehensive, considering the limitations of archaelogical knowledge about this kingdom. It's also a bit of a dry read IMHO, but I guess that's because this isn't my field.Borisblue 22:43, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Well-researched and well-written; fascinating stuff. — mark ✎ 08:12, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Support - very well constructed, comprehensive, interesting. I like seeing "obscure" topics made somewhat less obscure. Rossrs 13:58, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. I am impressed, it seems quite comprehensive. History of Africa is definetly on of the less known historical periods, and it's great to see parts of it getting the recognition they deserve. I'd love to see the article on my favourite Kingdom of Aksum expanded like this one day. Keep up the good job! --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 16:15, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Great stuff. I fixed one link, I suspect that there may be other minor issues like that in the article, but such things are easily fixed. -- Jmabel | Talk 03:51, September 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support =Nichalp   «Talk»=  08:44, September 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Very well written, referenced, and noted. I hope this article intrests someone to fill in those redlinks. Good job. - [[User:Mysekurity|Mysekurity ]] additions | e-mail ]] 21:57, 3 September 2005 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Regional Council (Hong Kong)

Untitled
Has anybody got anything, such as a library card or a picture of an old litter bin with the logo of the Regional Council on it? Thanks. :-D — Instantnood 15:34, August 30, 2005 (UTC)

The logo on the library card is split into two halves and the colour of one half is reversed. HenryLi 01:42:47, 2005-09-06 (UTC)
 * Can you upload a picture of it? Thanks. — Instantnood 20:56, 15 July 2006 (UTC)

From other sources I have read that the Regional Council was set up in 1986 and not in 1985. Should the information be corrected? --Ghormax 21:28, 13 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Yep. Better yet, link to the source so it could be verified.--Mintchocicecream 22:18, 13 April 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Regional Council (Hong Kong)


text:
User talk:JFM

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --Merovingian (t) (c) 15:34, August 30, 2005 (UTC)
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Proposed deletion of Tunbridge Wells Grammar School for Boys
A proposed deletion template has been added to the article Tunbridge Wells Grammar School for Boys, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process
 * Grammar schools are generally not considered notable without significant coverage in 3rd party reliable references. This article has only primary sources.

All contributions are appreciated, but this article may not satisfy Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and the deletion notice should explain why (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page.

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title: User talk:JFM


text:
User talk:Ngerschman

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --Merovingian (t) (c) 15:35, August 30, 2005 (UTC)
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title: User talk:Ngerschman


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Discocarpus

Discocarpus is a genus of the plant family Phyllanthaceae first described as a genus in 1841. It is native to northern South America. It is dioecious, with male and female flowers on separate plants.

 * Species
 * 1) Discocarpus essequeboensis Klotzsch - Brazil (Amazonas, Pará, Amapá), Venezuela (Amazonas), Guyana (Essequibo, Rupununi), Suriname, French Guiana
 * 2) Discocarpus gentryi S.M.Hayden - S Venezuela (Amazonas), Peru (Loreto), N Brazil
 * 3) Discocarpus pedicellatus Fiaschi & Cordeiro - State of Bahia in Brazil
 * 4) Discocarpus spruceanus Müll.Arg. - Venezuela (Amazonas), Brazil (Amazonas, Pará, Mato Grosso), Suriname (Sipaliwini), Bolivia (Santa Cruz)

moved to other genera: Chaetocarpus Lachnostylis
 * Formerly included
 * 1) Discocarpus duckeanus Jabl. - Chaetocarpus echinocarpus (Baill.) Ducke
 * 2) Discocarpus hirtus (L.f.) Pax & K.Hoffm. - Lachnostylis hirta (L.f.) Müll.Arg.
 * 3) Discocarpus mazarunensis Croizat - Chaetocarpus schomburgkianus (Kuntze) Pax & K.Hoffm.

In 1851, Liebmann used the same name, Discocarpus, to refer to some plants in the Urticaceae. Thus he created an illegitimate homonym, so his usage of the name had to be abandoned. Species names created in Urticaceae:
 * Names in Urticaceae
 * 1) Discocarpus mexicanus Liebm. - Discocnide mexicana (Liebm.) Chew
 * 2) Discocarpus nicaraguensis Liebm. - Discocnide mexicana (Liebm.) Chew

title: Discocarpus


text: User talk:81.144.201.214

title: User talk:81.144.201.214


text:
User talk:Hejordan

Welcome!

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title: User talk:Hejordan


text:
Panther chameleon

The panther chameleon (Furcifer pardalis) is a species of chameleon found in the eastern and northern parts of Madagascar in a tropical forest biome. Additionally, it has been introduced to Réunion and Mauritius, as well as the state of Florida within the United States.

Taxonomy
The panther chameleon was first described by French naturalist Georges Cuvier in 1829. Its generic name (Furcifer) is derived from the Latin root furci meaning "forked" and refers to the shape of the animal's feet. The specific name pardalis refers to the animals' markings, as it is Latin for "leopard" or "spotted like a panther". The English word chameleon (also chamaeleon) derives from Latin chamaeleō, a borrowing of the Ancient Greek χαμαιλέων (khamailéōn), a compound of χαμαί (khamaí) "on the ground" and λέων (léōn) "lion". The Greek word is a calque translating the Akkadian nēš qaqqari, "ground lion". This lends to the common English name of "panther chameleon".

Although currently regarded as a single relatively widespread and in color very variable species, evidence from genetics and captive breeding indicates that it possibly should be split into several different species.

Description
Panther chameleons grow 16-20" (40–51 cm) long, with females typically being smaller than males. In a form of sexual dimorphism, males are more vibrantly colored than the females. Another form of sexual dimorphism is in size, it has been concluded that males are much larger and heavier than females and therefore seen as a large sex difference in body size. Coloration varies with location, and the different color patterns of panther chameleons are commonly referred to as 'locales', which are named after the geographical location in which they are found. Panther chameleons from the areas of Nosy Be, Ankify, and Ambanja are typically a vibrant blue, and those from Ambilobe, Antsiranana, and Sambava are red, green or orange. The areas of Maroantsetra and Tamatave yield primarily red specimens. Numerous other color phases and patterns occur between and within regions. Females generally remain tan and brown with hints of pink, peach, or bright orange, no matter where they are found, but there are slight differences in patterns and colors among the different color phases.

Like all chameleons, panther chameleons exhibit a specialized arrangement of toes. On each foot, the five toes are fused into a group of two and a group of three; these specialized feet allow the panther chameleon a tight grip on narrow branches. Each toe is equipped with a sharp claw to gain traction on surfaces such as bark when climbing. On the forelimbs, there are two toes on the outer (distal) side of each foot and three on the inside (medial). On the hind legs, the arrangement is reversed: two toes are fused medially and three distally.

Panther chameleons have very long tongues (sometimes longer than their own body length) which they are capable of rapidly extending out of the mouth to capture prey, which is mostly terrestrial invertebrates and very rarely, plant material. Once the tip sticks to a prey item, it is drawn quickly back into the mouth, where the panther chameleon's strong jaws crush it and it is consumed.

Range
Panther chameleons are native to Madagascar; this species is widespread in lowland areas of the eastern and northeastern sections of the country. Additionally, it has been introduced to Réunion and Mauritius and recently within the US state of Florida through the pet trade.

Habitat
The panther chameleon lives in regions of rainforest in the east and drier broken forest/savannah in the northwest. The original primary plant communities within their range has been degraded by human activity; panther chameleons appear to thrive in degraded habitat and are frequently found near roads, homes, and in plantations.

Behavior and ecology
The panther chameleon is very territorial; aside from mating, it spends the majority of its life in isolation. When two males come into contact, they will change color and inflate their bodies, attempting to assert their dominance. Often these battles end at this stage, with the loser retreating, turning drab and dark colors. Occasionally, the displays result in physical combat if neither contender backs down. Panther chameleons are facultative thermoregulators, and therefore when in need to be warmed they bask in sunlight or in captivity, lamp light. Panther chameleons have a large thermoneutral zone, meaning they have a temperature range within which they do not actively try to modify their body temperature; therefore, they can allow their body temperature to drift from 24-36 degrees celsius during the daytime.

Reproduction
Panther chameleons reach sexual maturity at a minimum age of seven months.

When gravid, or carrying eggs, females turn dark brown or black with orange striping to signify to males they have no intention of mating. Furthermore, females will become very defensive and may bite any advancing males. The exact coloration and pattern of gravid females varies depending on the color phase of the chameleon. This provides a way to distinguish between locales.

Females usually only live two to three years after laying eggs (between five and eight clutches) because of the stress put on their bodies. Females can lay between 10 and 40 eggs per clutch, depending on the food and nutrient consumption during the period of development. Eggs typically hatch in 240 days.

In captivity
This species is highly sought after for the international pet trade due to its coloration, large size, and readiness to breed in captivity. Panther chameleons are occasionally kept as pets due to their striking coloration. While they are easier to care for than many other species of chameleon, panther chameleons are generally considered challenging to keep in captivity. Wild panther chameleons are a short lived species; few animals survive beyond a year of age in the wild. Captive animals may live longer than their wild counterparts; with good care females can live up to 3 years and males can live 5–7 years.

title: Panther chameleon