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La Ferrière, Switzerland

La Ferrière is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is located in the French-speaking Bernese Jura (Jura Bernois).

History
Founded in 1590 as les Hautes Montagnes d'Erguël by settlers from Valangin. In 1749 it was known as La Ferriere or Communauté des Montagnes de Saint-Imier.

The village was owned by the Prince-Bishop of Basel and was part of the seigniory of Erguel. The municipal charter was created in the early 17th century and confirmed in 1623 and again in 1672. During the Thirty Years War the village was attacked and burned. Originally there was little land and no forests attached to the village. The lack of arable land and the resulting revenue made it very difficult for the village to meet their obligations. In 1767, the Prince-Bishop granted Erguel Castle and the surrounding lands to La Ferrière to hold as a fief. In 1806, the political municipality of La Ferrière inherited the castle and lands and in 1828 sold them to Sonvilier. After the 1797 French invasion the village became part of the parish of Renan in the French Department of Mont-Terrible. The parish was later transferred to the Department of Haut-Rhin. After Napoleon's defeat in 1815, the region became part of the Canton of Bern, though La Ferrière remained part of the Renan parish until 1861.

The village church was consecrated in 1864.

During the 19th century the population grew rapidly due to watch and watch parts factories that opened in the village. Throughout the 20th century, the population has slowly declined.

Geography
La Ferrière has an area of. Of this area, 8.82 km2 or 62.3% is used for agricultural purposes, while 4.79 km2 or 33.8% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 0.52 km2 or 3.7% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.03 km2 or 0.2% is either rivers or lakes and 0.02 km2 or 0.1% is unproductive land.

Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 2.1% and transportation infrastructure made up 1.4%. Out of the forested land, 25.4% of the total land area is heavily forested and 8.5% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 1.6% is used for growing crops and 41.6% is pastures and 19.1% is used for alpine pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water.

The municipality is made up of scattered settlements at an elevation of about 1000 m in the north-west corner of the old District de Courtelary. It consists of the village of La Ferrière, the hamlet of La Basse-Ferrière and a number of scattered farm houses.

On 31 December 2009 District de Courtelary, the municipality's former district, was dissolved. On the following day, 1 January 2010, it joined the newly created Arrondissement administratif Jura bernois.

Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Azure a Tower Argent gated and windowed Gules between four Linden Leaves and in a Chief wavy Or a Sun issuant Gules.

Demographics
La Ferrière has a population of. , 7.7% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2000-2010) the population has changed at a rate of 6.2%. Migration accounted for 4.3%, while births and deaths accounted for 2.3%.

Most of the population speaks French (418 or 81.5%) as their first language, German is the second most common (85 or 16.6%) and Italian is the third (5 or 1.0%).

, the population was 48.5% male and 51.5% female. The population was made up of 244 Swiss men (44.7% of the population) and 21 (3.8%) non-Swiss men. There were 260 Swiss women (47.6%) and 21 (3.8%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 196 or about 38.2% were born in La Ferrière and lived there in 2000. There were 86 or 16.8% who were born in the same canton, while 180 or 35.1% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 45 or 8.8% were born outside of Switzerland.

, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 26.9% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 59.3% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 13.7%.

, there were 224 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 258 married individuals, 22 widows or widowers and 9 individuals who are divorced.

, there were 36 households that consist of only one person and 24 households with five or more people. , a total of 172 apartments (73.2% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 47 apartments (20.0%) were seasonally occupied and 16 apartments (6.8%) were empty.

The historical population is given in the following chart:

Heritage sites of national significance
The Maison Gagnebin is listed as a Swiss heritage site of national significance.

Politics
In the 2011 federal election the most popular party was the Swiss People's Party (SVP) which received 41.9% of the vote. The next two most popular parties were the Social Democratic Party (SP) (13.1%), and the Green Party (11.4%). In the federal election, a total of 119 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 29.9%.

Economy
, La Ferrière had an unemployment rate of 2.3%. , there were a total of 272 people employed in the municipality. Of these, there were 79 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 31 businesses involved in this sector. 143 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 10 businesses in this sector. 50 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 15 businesses in this sector. There were 14 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 28.6% of the workforce.

there were a total of 229 full-time equivalent jobs. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 55, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 139 of which 37 or (26.6%) were in manufacturing and 102 (73.4%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 35. In the tertiary sector; 5 or 14.3% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 8 or 22.9% were in the movement and storage of goods, 11 or 31.4% were in a hotel or restaurant, 6 or 17.1% were in education.

, there were 84 workers who commuted into the municipality and 144 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 1.7 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. About 16.7% of the workforce coming into La Ferrière are coming from outside Switzerland. Of the working population, 7.9% used public transportation to get to work, and 55.2% used a private car.

Transport
The municipality has two railway stations on the La Chaux-de-Fonds–Glovelier line: La Ferrière and La Chaux-d'Abel.

Religion
From the, 84 or 16.4% were Roman Catholic, while 276 or 53.8% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there was 1 individual who belongs to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 112 individuals (or about 21.83% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There was 1 individual who was Islamic. There were 1 individual who belonged to another church. 86 (or about 16.76% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 8 individuals (or about 1.56% of the population) did not answer the question.

Education
In La Ferrière about 178 or (34.7%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 40 or (7.8%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 40 who completed tertiary schooling, 65.0% were Swiss men, 30.0% were Swiss women.

The Canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend additional schooling or they may enter an apprenticeship.

During the 2010–11 school year, there were a total of 58 students attending classes in La Ferrière. There was one kindergarten class with a total of 11 students in the municipality. The municipality had 2 primary classes and 44 students. Of the primary students, 4.5% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 13.6% have a different mother language than the classroom language. During the same year, there was one lower secondary class with a total of 3 students.

, there were 4 students in La Ferrière who came from another municipality, while 51 residents attended schools outside the municipality.

title: La Ferrière, Switzerland


text:
Clements

Clements  may refer to:

People

 * Clements (surname)

Places

 * Clements, California, U.S.
 * Clements, Kansas, U.S.
 * Clements, Maryland, U.S.
 * Clements, Minnesota, U.S.
 * Clements, West Virginia, U.S.
 * Port Clements, British Columbia, Canada

Zoology

 * The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Clements


text: Template:User nap-2

title: Template:User nap-2


text:
Category:Magnetic devices

This category includes devices and components which use near-field magnetism, but excludes radio devices such as antennas.

title: Category:Magnetic devices


text:
Portal:Poland/Polish cuisine

Pączki listen are traditional Polish doughnuts. A pączek is a deep-fried piece of dough shaped into a flattened sphere and filled with jam or another sweet filling. A traditional filling is marmalade made from fried rose buds. Fresh pączki are usually covered with powdered sugar, icing or bits of fried orange zest. Read more... Polish cuisine...

title: Portal:Poland/Polish cuisine


text:
Immigrant's Festival

The Immigrants' Festival ("Fiesta Nacional del Inmigrante") is celebrated in the city of Oberá, Misiones, in Argentina. The festival is aimed at collectively celebrating the diverse cultures that exist in Argentina and is held in honor of the customs, cultures, music, and cuisine of the country's different immigrant populations that have greatly enriched Argentina over time.

History
The festival was first conceived in 1979 and, as of that date, the annual National Celebration of the Immigrant has been organized by the Federation of Collectivity. Every year, the festival features new spectacles and the celebration attracts more than 120,000 visitors.

Description
The annual festival takes place during the first fortnight of each September at Parque de las Naciones ("Nation's Park"), an estate that consists of approximately 10 ha; each group is provided with its own house. During the week, social, cultural, sport, and recreational activities are carried out in a festive climate of coexistence. Villagers and visitors gather around tables tasting exquisite dishes and customs that are typical of the area's culture.

During the days of the celebration, artistic spectacles of an international standard are successively featured, including ballet groups. Within the same estate, the "Commercial Fair" shows the commercial, farming and industrial facets of the region, while the "Artisan Fair" displays a varied exhibition of high quality works that have been made by Argentine and foreign craftspeople.

One of the most important days of the festival is the election and coronation of the "National Queen of the Immigrant", where candidates who are the daughters and granddaughters of immigrants received votes from across the world.

French, German, Danish, Swedish, Finnish, Norwegian, Swiss, Icelandic, Italian, Polish, Russian, Ukrainian, Spanish, Japanese, Brazilian, Paraguayan, Arab (Lebanese and Syrian), and Peruvian collectivities were all represented at the 28th edition of the festival.

2005 edition
In 2005, between September 3 and 15, the 26th edition of the festival was held. The Czech community was new addition to that year's event and was assigned a space at the Parque de las Naciones.

As part of the 2005 spectacles, artists of national repute, such Árbol, Turf, Airbag, Memphis la Blusera, Soledad Pastorutti, and invited singers from neighbouring countries like Paraguay and Brazil will appear in the Norgus Jacob—such performances will be in addition to the ballet groups and the collectivities.

On Thursday, September 8, 2005, one of the following candidates from the different communities was selected as the "Queen" of the festival:
 * Germany: Elianne Oswald
 * Syria: Rocío Chalup Dew
 * Brazil: Marcia Pizzutti
 * Spain: Natalia Fernandez
 * France: Valeria Vignolles
 * Italy: Julian Sansaloni
 * Nordic: Fanni Sand
 * Paraguay: Lorene Britez
 * Poland: Maria Sniechowski
 * Russia: Noelia Bazila
 * Switzerland: Marcela Christen
 * Ukraine: Natalia Kornowski
 * Japan: Débora Karasawa
 * Czechoslovakia: Gabriela Iurinic

"The National Queen of the Immigrant" was chosen by a jury selected by the Federation of the Collectivities. Also, the newspaper, El Territorio, from Posadas, organizes the election of the "Virtual Queen of the Immigrant", in which everybody is given until 10:30 p.m. of the coronation day (Thursday) to choose one of the candidates—the results were released on the same Thursday night, immediately following the election of the National Queen, 1st and 2nd Princess, Miss Typical Cloth and Miss Friendship.

2007 edition
The 28th annual Immigrant's Festival opened with an inaugural parade. The parade involved more than fifteen collectivities dressed in traditional wardrobe—some of the participating nations were France, Germany, Denmark, Finland, Sweden, Iceland, Italy, Poland, Russia, Spain, Japan, Brazil, Paraguay, Arab, Peru, and Norway.

title: Immigrant's Festival


text: User talk:149.61.68.128

title: User talk:149.61.68.128


text: Talk:Awfully Deep

title: Talk:Awfully Deep


text:
Dubai Financial Market

The Dubai Financial Market (DFM) (سوق دبي المالي) is a stock exchange located in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. It was founded on 26 March 2000.

Overview
, there are 67 companies listed on DFM. Most of them are UAE-based companies and a few others are dual listings for companies based in other MENA region countries. Foreign companies are from the following countries: Kuwait, Bahrain, Oman, and Sudan. Many companies allow foreigners to own their shares.

During 2004 and 2005, there were significant increases in the volume of shares traded and the share prices of many companies. However, towards the end of 2005 and through the first few months of 2006 the bubble burst and share values dropped by around 60% on DFM, along with similar decreases in most other Persian Gulf stock markets.

DFM is one of three stock exchanges in the UAE. Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange (ADX) also lists mostly UAE companies and NASDAQ Dubai was set up to trade international stocks.

DFM and ADX are both governed and regulated by the Securities and Commodities Authority (SCA). SCA has the authority to impose laws and standards in which DFM and ADX have to comply with. SCA's role is to ensure that the laws are followed by the exchanges as well as to protect investors’, brokers’ and listed companies’ rights.

On the other hand, NASDAQ Dubai is governed to international standards by an independent regulator called the Dubai Financial Services Authority (DFSA), which is equivalent to the Securities and Exchange Commission in the United States. Unlike DFM and ADX, NASDAQ Dubai, located in Dubai International Financial Centre (DIFC), is an electronic exchange with no trading floor.

DFM was fully owned by the Government of Dubai until November 2006 when it turned into a public joint-stock company through an IPO, which led to sell 20% of its shares to the public and 80% were subscribed by Borse Dubai, which is owned by Dubai government. As a matter of fact, DFM's IPO has been oversubscribed by 118 times.

Like the revenue, DFM's net profit dropped sharply from the period ended 2007 till 2011. In 2007, DFM profits reached 1,439.6 million including none operational profits coming from IPO of AED 468 million. In 2008, profits were AED 605 million. The next year, in 2009, the profit dropped even further and reached 346.62. In 2010, another drop took place and profits reached AED 79 million. In 2011, DFM recorded a loss of AED 6.45 million. From the trend, one can imply that the situation is not improving, but is deteriorating year after year. DFM BOD members, executives, and managers are working hard to get out DFM from this unforeseen dilemma. Due to the consistent efforts of the DFM BOD members and management team, DFM was able to turn over the situation in 2013 and gain a +608.5% growth in net profits, to become AED 285 million from the AED 35 million in the previous year. and the following year the market have occurred profits of AED 759 million with a growth rate of 166.3%. The next three years the market saw a sharp decline in profit to hit AED 233.5 million in 2017.

Banks
Emirates Bank International (EBI) and National Bank of Dubai (NBD) had been merged to form a holding company to run both entities named Emirates National Bank of Dubai (ENBD), this merger resulted in cancelling both shares and issuing a new one listed on the October 16, 2007.

Both AMLAK and TAMWEEL were suspended from trading since the November 23, 2008 as they announced a merger action.

Insurance
As of July 27, 2009, the trading symbol for the Islamic Arab Insurance company (IAIC) will be changed into SALAMA.

Services
Also, those securities listed on NASDAQ Dubai are included on the exchange.

title: Dubai Financial Market


text:
Spaghetti alla puttanesca

Spaghetti alla puttanesca is a pasta dish invented in Naples in the mid-20th century and made typically with tomatoes, olives, capers, anchovies, garlic, peperoncino, extra virgin olive oil and salt.

Etymology
Because puttana means roughly 'whore' or 'prostitute' and puttanesca is an adjective derived from that word, the dish may have been invented in one of many bordellos in the Naples working-class neighbourhood of Quartieri Spagnoli as a quick meal taken between servicing clients. Alternatively, food historian Jeremy Parzen suggests: "Italians use puttana (and related words) almost the way we use shit, as an all-purpose profanity, so pasta alla puttanesca might have originated with someone saying, essentially, 'I just threw a bunch of shit from the cupboard into a pan'."

Origin
Various recipes in Italian cookbooks dating back to the 19th century describe pasta sauces very similar to a modern puttanesca under different names. One of the earliest dates from 1844, when Ippolito Cavalcanti, in his Cucina teorico-pratica, included a recipe from popular Neapolitan cuisine, calling it vermicelli all'oglio con olive capperi ed alici salse. After some sporadic appearances in other Neapolitan cookbooks, in 1931 the Touring Club Italiano's Guida gastronomica d'Italia lists it among the gastronomic specialties of Campania, calling it maccheroni alla marinara, although the proposed recipe is close to that of a modern puttanesca sauce. In Naples, this type of pasta sauce commonly goes under the name aulive e chiapparielle (olives and capers).

The dish under its current name first appears in gastronomic literature in the 1960s. The earliest known mention of pasta alla puttanesca is in Raffaele La Capria's Ferito a morte (Mortal Wound), a 1961 Italian novel which mentions "spaghetti alla puttanesca come li fanno a Siracusa" (lit. 'spaghetti alla puttanesca as they make it in Syracuse'). The sauce became popular in the 1960s, according to the Professional Union of Italian Pasta Makers.

Nonetheless, the 1971 edition of the Il cucchiaio d'argento (The Silver Spoon), one of Italy's most prominent cookbooks, has no recipe with the name puttanesca, but two recipes that are similar: the Neapolitan spaghetti alla partenopea is made with anchovies and generous quantities of oregano, while spaghetti alla siciliana is distinguished by the addition of green peppers; still again, there is a Sicilian style popular around Palermo that includes olives, anchovies and raisins. In Dom DeLuise's 1988 cookbook, Eat This... It'll Make You Feel Better!, he offers a recipe named "Puttanesca Sauce (Harlot Sauce)", which he explains was introduced to him by Caterina Valente during the filming of The Entertainers in 1964. DeLuise's recipe calls for both olives and capers, along with red pepper flakes, but no anchovies or oregano.

In a 2005 article from Il Golfo—a daily newspaper serving the Italian islands of Ischia and Procida—Annarita Cuomo asserted that sugo alla puttanesca was invented in the 1950s by Sandro Petti, co-owner of Rancio Fellone, a famous Ischian restaurant and nightspot. According to Cuomo, Petti's moment of inspiration came when, near closing one evening, Petti found a group of customers sitting at one of his tables. He was low on ingredients and told them he did not have enough to make them a meal. They complained that it was late and they were hungry, saying "Facci una puttanata qualsiasi", meaning something like 'make for us whatever the fuck you got!'. Petti had nothing more than four tomatoes, two olives and some capers—the basic ingredients for the sugo, "So I used them to make the sauce for the spaghetti", Petti told Cuomo. Later, Petti included this dish on his menu as spaghetti alla puttanesca.

Basic recipe
The sauce alone is called sugo alla puttanesca in Italian. Recipes may differ according to preferences; for instance, the Neapolitan version is prepared without anchovies, unlike the version popular in the Lazio region. Spices are sometimes added. In most cases, however, the sugo is a little salty (from the capers, olives, and anchovies) and quite fragrant (from the garlic). Traditionally, the sauce is served with spaghetti, although it is also paired with penne, bucatini, linguine and vermicelli.

Garlic and anchovies (omitted in the Neapolitan version) are sautéed in olive oil. Chopped chili peppers, olives, capers, diced tomatoes and oregano are added, along with salt and black pepper to taste. The cook then reduces this mixture by simmering and mixes it with the spaghetti al dente. The final touch is a topping of parsley.

title: Spaghetti alla puttanesca


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Southern Daily Echo

The Southern Daily Echo, more commonly known as the Daily Echo or simply The Echo, is a regional tabloid newspaper based in Southampton, covering the county of Hampshire in the United Kingdom. The newspaper is owned by Newsquest, one of the largest publishers of local newspapers in the country, which is in turn owned by Gannett. It began publication in August 1888 and a website has been in existence since 1998.

Publication of the print edition is from Monday to Saturday and there is one edition a day, down from six editions a day in 2006. The Echo was initially a daily newspaper before becoming an evening paper and changing its name to the Evening Echo on 1 July 1958. It returned to being the Daily Echo again on 10 January 1994.

The Echo is currently the only paid-for local newspaper covering the city of Southampton.

The editorial position is that of a politically neutral publication.

On Saturdays, the Daily Echo produced the Sports Pink until 2017. This was used for the reporting of sport stories regularly involving local sports team Southampton Football Club. This was one of only two surviving 'local football papers' which used to be common throughout the UK. It ceased circulation towards the end of 2017 after 119 years.

Local sister publications include the Hampshire Chronicle, Basingstoke Gazette, Romsey Advertiser and Bournemouth Daily Echo and previously a free weekly newspaper called the Southampton Advertiser was also published.

In 2021, the newspaper moved to offices in the Ocean Village area of Southampton city centre. Previously, it had spent almost 24 years in a purpose-built print facility and office building called Newspaper House in the Redbridge area of Southampton, since 1997, with district offices in Winchester. Previously, there were also district offices in Hythe, Fareham, Lymington and Romsey. Newspaper House and the print centre were sold in 2020. The former city centre offices of the Daily Echo are now the site of the Above Bar entrance to the Westquay Shopping Centre, which opened in 2000.

The Southern Daily Echo was named Newspaper of the Year 2009 and 2011, and Campaigning Newspaper of the Year 2011 at the annual EDF Energy South East and London Media Awards.

The newspaper's website, dailyecho.co.uk, won Website of the Year at the 2012 EDF Energy South East and London Media Awards.

The current editor is Ben Fishwick, who has been in post since January 2022.

Former editors

 * Ben Fishwick – 2022 -
 * Katie Clark – 2021 (acting)
 * Gordon Sutter – 2017-2021
 * Ian Murray – 1998-2017
 * Duncan Jeffery – 1986-1990
 * James Henry Goldsmith – 1891 - 1910

title: Southern Daily Echo


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Plagne, Switzerland

Plagne is a former municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is located in the French-speaking Bernese Jura (Jura Bernois). On 1 January 2014 the former municipalities of Plagne and Vauffelin merged into the new municipality of Sauge.

History
Plagne is first mentioned in 1311 as Blenn, though this comes from a 1441 copy of the original document. In 1610 it was mentioned as Plaentsch. The municipality was formerly known by its German name Plentsch, however, that name is no longer used.

In 1311 Plagne was part of a fief owned by the Basel Cathedral that was granted to Bourkard de La Roche. It was part of the seigniory of Erguel which was owned by the Prince Bishop of Basel. After the 1797 French victory and the Treaty of Campo Formio, Plagne became part of the French Département of Mont-Terrible. A few years later, it became part of the Département of Haut-Rhin. After Napoleon's defeat and the Congress of Vienna, Plagne was assigned to the Canton of Bern in 1815. In 1862 a fire destroyed the village core and it had to be rebuilt in the following years.

During the Early Modern Era, in addition to agriculture, some of the residents mined a small ore deposit south of Les Ferrières or mined white pottery clay. At the end of the 18th Century many residents began making watch parts in home workshops. Beginning in the 1970s the village's population grew rapidly as commuters to Biel/Bienne moved out to Plagne.

Geography
Before the merger, Plagne had a total area of 7.5 km2. Of this area, 2.53 km2 or 33.8% is used for agricultural purposes, while 4.62 km2 or 61.8% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 0.35 km2 or 4.7% is settled (buildings or roads).

Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 3.2% and transportation infrastructure made up 1.2%. Out of the forested land, 54.5% of the total land area is heavily forested and 7.2% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 6.4% is used for growing crops and 16.8% is pastures and 10.2% is used for alpine pastures.

The former municipality is located on the mountain slopes above the Vauffelin valley.

On 31 December 2009 District de Courtelary, the municipality's former district, was dissolved. On the following day, 1 January 2010, it joined the newly created Arrondissement administratif Jura bernois.

Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Per pale Or and Gules overall three Cauldrons counterchanged.

Demographics
Plagne had a population (as of 2011) of 364. , 2.8% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2000-2010) the population has changed at a rate of -9.1%. Migration accounted for -10.6%, while births and deaths accounted for -3.5%.

Most of the population speaks French (300 or 76.3%) as their first language, German is the second most common (83 or 21.1%) and Italian is the third (3 or 0.8%).

, the population was 50.4% male and 49.6% female. The population was made up of 177 Swiss men (49.0% of the population) and 5 (1.4%) non-Swiss men. There were 174 Swiss women (48.2%) and 5 (1.4%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 153 or about 38.9% were born in Plagne and lived there in 2000. There were 137 or 34.9% who were born in the same canton, while 54 or 13.7% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 33 or 8.4% were born outside of Switzerland.

, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 19.7% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 52.9% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 27.4%.

, there were 149 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 200 married individuals, 22 widows or widowers and 22 individuals who are divorced.

, there were 43 households that consist of only one person and 13 households with five or more people. , a total of 154 apartments (62.6% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 71 apartments (28.9%) were seasonally occupied and 21 apartments (8.5%) were empty. The vacancy rate for the municipality,, was 1.55%.

The historical population is given in the following chart:

Politics
In the 2011 federal election the most popular party was the Swiss People's Party (SVP) which received 34.2% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the Social Democratic Party (SP) (19.2%), the Green Party (10.7%) and the Conservative Democratic Party (BDP) (9.1%). In the federal election, a total of 107 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 36.0%.

Economy
, Plagne had an unemployment rate of 0.8%. , there were a total of 50 people employed in the municipality. Of these, there were 8 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 3 businesses involved in this sector. 5 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 3 businesses in this sector. 37 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 11 businesses in this sector.

there were a total of 36 full-time equivalent jobs. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 6, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 5 of which 3 were in manufacturing and 2 were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 25. In the tertiary sector; 2 or 8.0% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 4 or 16.0% were in the movement and storage of goods, 6 or 24.0% were in a hotel or restaurant, 2 or 8.0% were technical professionals or scientists, 3 or 12.0% were in education and 3 or 12.0% were in health care.

, there were 12 workers who commuted into the municipality and 147 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 12.3 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. Of the working population, 12.4% used public transportation to get to work, and 67.4% used a private car.

Religion
From the, 55 or 14.0% were Roman Catholic, while 270 or 68.7% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 10 individuals (or about 2.54% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There was 1 individual who was Islamic. 54 (or about 13.74% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 8 individuals (or about 2.04% of the population) did not answer the question.

Education
In Plagne about 149 or (37.9%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 38 or (9.7%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 38 who completed tertiary schooling, 52.6% were Swiss men, 39.5% were Swiss women.

The Canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend additional schooling or they may enter an apprenticeship.

During the 2010-11 school year, there were a total of 19 students attending classes in Plagne. There was one kindergarten class with a total of 19 students in the municipality. Of the kindergarten students, 5.3% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 26.3% have a different mother language than the classroom language.

, there were 25 students from Plagne who attended schools outside the municipality.

title: Plagne, Switzerland


text:
Talk:Clara Clayton

If she believes something to be too "wacky" or too fantastic to be believed, she will not believe it (such as when Doc tried telling her about the time machine).

This statment makes almost no sence! How can she believe something and not believe the same thing at the same time? --Wack'd About Wiki 16:25, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * That's not what it means. To believe something to be unbelievable is not to believe it but to believe something about it, i.e. that it's unbelievable. Noneofyourbusiness 16:35, 2 August 2006 (UTC)

Yes, I "believe" this statement could use some rewording. The first "believes" could be replaced by "considers," but the sentence still holds some implicit redundancy (basically, it says if she finds something unbelievable, she won't believe it). How about this: She is disinclined to believe "wacky" or fantastical claims (such as when Doc tried telling her about the time machine). 66.69.147.209 16:13, 4 June 2006 (UTC)

The Animated Series as canon for Clara's birthplace
The article cites the Animated Series as to where Clara's birthplace (New Jersey) is revealed. However, many fans question the use of the Animated series as canon, as mentioned in the "Animated Series" paragraph. Therefore, can New Jersey be putforth matter-of-factly as her birthplace? That, and are there any other references in this article that refers to the Animated Series as canon for her history?Amchow78 07:18, 29 March 2006 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with File:Clara.JPG
The image File:Clara.JPG is used in this article under a claim of fair use, but it does not have an adequate explanation for why it meets the requirements for such images when used here. In particular, for each page the image is used on, it must have an explanation linking to that page which explains why it needs to be used on that page. Please check

 * That there is a non-free use rationale on the image's description page for the use in this article.
 * That this article is linked to from the image description page.

This is an automated notice by FairuseBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. --15:07, 3 January 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Clara Clayton


text:
Talk:Edsel Dope

Genre
'Edsel Dope (born Brian Ebejer, March 21, 1974 in West Palm Beach, FL) is the lead singer and main songwriter for nu metal band, Dope'

In genres nu-metal is not listen nor is it on the Dope (band) genre list. --91.111.37.173 (talk) 23:50, 14 October 2009 (UTC)

Above needs ORTS Number for valid template Kathleen.wright5 23:42, 26 April 2008 (UTC)
 * They need to contact OTRS. OTRS, once they have the info needed, puts a template here with the ticket number. KnightLago (talk) 03:25, 27 April 2008 (UTC)

Your site states that the information that I posted in the entry for Edsel Dope is a copyright infringement from the website http://www.edseldope.com/edselbio.html. But, *I* own www.edseldope.com. . . I own the domain name, I own, or use with Dope's permission, everything on the site. I design, maintain, edit and update the website. How do I go about having this information removed from your copyright infringement list?

Roxanne West

~RoXXXy Dope~

webmaster: www.edseldope.com

NPOV
"Dope is essentially Edsel's band, and although some of his choices may not always meet the approval of his fans, he still deserves credit for keeping dope a force to be reckoned with, through its many trials and tribulations" is a statement of questionable neutrality. Would something along the lines of "Dope is essentially Edsel's band, and although some of his choices may not always meet the approval of his fans, he has still managed to keep Dope active, through its many trials and tribulations" possibly be more appropriate?

TheDecayTheyFear 08:24, 12 March 2006 (UTC)

Contradiction and lack of sources
The article states: "Edsel was raised in the poorer neighborhoods of South Florida by his single mother. He started practicing his drums at the age of four by playing along to his KISS albums. As the years passed, Edsel's love for music grew and expanded. He started out listening to a lot of glam punk, then gangsta rap, and subsequently moving on to industrial metal, where most of his musical influence comes from. He left home at the age of sixteen, and ended up in Las Vegas, where he met one of his best friends, Ginger Fish. Edsel was staying with Ginger when the latter joined Marilyn Manson. When Marilyn Manson recorded Smells Like Children, Edsel joined Ginger in New Orleans, and the two shared an apartment with Marilyn Manson's keyboardist, Madonna Wayne Gacy. In 1995, Edsel moved to New York City with his elder brother, Simon."

Right after that, it states that this is all false. Also, there are no sources for either of these. How is anyone viewing this page supposed to get the facts straight when it has two opposing stories and no sources? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.123.70.165 (talk) 18:58, 23 September 2007 (UTC)

Static-X
While I personally believe he is masked as Xer0 in Static-X, it has NEVER been confirmed. What's more, he has disputed it. And yet someone puts it here as fact without a source. Czaras (talk) 20:29, 15 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Edsel is now admitting more openly about his position as Xer0 and talking about it: https://metalinjection.net/news/edsel-dope-explains-how-he-got-involved-in-static-x-why-he-doesnt-want-to-be-known-as-the-frontman/ / https://blabbermouth.net/news/edsel-dope-i-have-no-interest-in-being-the-frontman-face-or-being-known-as-the-singer-of-static-x/ — Preceding unsigned comment added by 146.164.19.21 (talk) 19:12, 29 March 2023 (UTC)
 * Please direct quote the part of the article that directly and literally confirms that Edsel is Xero. Sergecross73   msg me  19:22, 29 March 2023 (UTC)

Edsel Dope and Xero
Another reminder that, unless we have a reliable source (see WP:RSMUSIC for examples if you don't know what this means) that directly and literally states that Edsel is Xero, we cannot express that as fact on this article. Thanks. Sergecross73  msg me  15:54, 28 March 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Edsel Dope


text:
Talk:Erik Palladino

Untitled
Is he Italian American? Newager 16:26, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes. Michael 00:58, 1 August 2006 (UTC)
 * How do we know this? Even the IMDB doesn't say it:) Mad Jack 01:18, 1 August 2006 (UTC)
 * I've seen it. It was on something now gone (much like in the case of Eric Balfour. Michael 01:30, 1 August 2006 (UTC)
 * You added it with a source that actually said he played three Italian-American characters, and I removed it. Is that what you're talking about or was there another? Mad Jack 01:32, 1 August 2006 (UTC)

No, there was another. Michael 01:33, 1 August 2006 (UTC)
 * I found one. Michael 20:34, 1 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Well, don't keep us in suspense, where is it? :) Mad Jack 20:35, 1 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Hmmm.... It's a trivia-ish site and not first-hand... but I won't pursue that further right now. Mad Jack 20:37, 1 August 2006 (UTC)

Indeed, it appears trivia-ish, though it is not a replication. Michael 20:47, 1 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Some of it... seems... taken exactly from the IMDB, though not the Italian-American bit. Like I said, this looks fairly unreliable, but not in a completely outrageous way, so I won't pursue it further right now. Mad Jack 21:33, 1 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Exactly. We know IMDb likes to copy other sources. Michael 21:35, 1 August 2006 (UTC)
 * They do? Usually they don't really. They just make stuff up themselves. Most of the time other sources (Sadly) copy them Mad Jack 21:38, 1 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Yes, people submit random things they come across to IMDb, as you know. Michael 22:14, 1 August 2006 (UTC)

Meanwhile, i edited the listings to remove ALL CAPS, and some grammar. Other then that, this seems subjective, not objective. --Dasbrick (talk) 17:35, 2 November 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Erik Palladino


text:
Frederic Clements

Frederic Edward Clements (September 16, 1874 – July 26, 1945) was an American plant ecologist and pioneer in the study of plant ecology and vegetation succession.

Biography
Born in Lincoln, Nebraska, he studied botany at the University of Nebraska, graduating in 1894 and obtaining a doctorate in 1898. One of his teachers was botanist Charles Bessey, who inspired Clements to research topics such as microscopy, plant physiology, and laboratory experimentation. He was also classmate of Willa Cather and Roscoe Pound. While at the University of Nebraska, he met Edith Gertrude Schwartz (1874–1971), also a botanist and ecologist, and they were married in 1899.

In 1905 he was appointed full professor at the University of Nebraska, but left in 1907 to head the botany department at the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis. From 1917 to 1941 he was employed as an ecologist at the Carnegie Institution of Washington in Washington, D.C., where he was able to carry out dedicated ecological research. While employed at Carnegie Institution of Washington, Clements faced criticism for his experiments conducted with the purpose of creating new plant species. Due to these criticisms and as well as personal conflicts with his co workers, in the 1920s the title of director of research in experimental taxonomy was given to Harvey Monroe Hall.

During winter he worked at research stations in Tucson, Arizona, and Santa Barbara, California, while in the summer he performed fieldwork at the Carnegie Institution's Alpine Laboratory, a research station in Englemann Canyon on the slopes of Pikes Peak, Colorado. During this time he worked alongside staff of the U.S. Soil Conservation Service. In addition to his field investigations, he carried out experimental work in the laboratory and greenhouse, both at the Pikes Peak station and at Santa Barbara.

Theory of vegetation change to climax community
From his observations of the vegetation of Nebraska and the western United States, Clements developed one of the most influential theories of vegetation development. Vegetation composition does not represent a permanent condition but gradually changes with time. Clements suggested that the development of vegetation can be understood as a unidirectional sequence of stages resembling the development of an individual organism. After a complete or partial disturbance, vegetation grows back (under ideal conditions) towards a stable "climax state", which describes the vegetation best suited to the local conditions. Though any actual instance of vegetation might follow the ideal sequence towards stability, it can be interpreted in relation to that sequence, as a deviation from it due to non-ideal conditions.

In these studies, he and Roscoe Pound (who subsequently moved from ecology to legal scholarship) developed the widely-used method of sampling using quadrats around 1898.

Clements's climax theory of vegetation dominated plant ecology during the first decades of the twentieth century, though it was criticized significantly by ecologists William Skinner Cooper, Henry Gleason and Arthur Tansley early on, and by Robert Whittaker mid-century, and largely fell out of favor.

Community-unit view of vegetation types or plant communities
In his 1916 publication, Plant Succession, and his 1920 Plant Indicators, Clements metaphorically equated units of vegetation, (now called vegetation types or plant communities) with individual organisms. He observed that some groups of species, which he called "formations", were repeatedly associated together. He is frequently said to have believed that some species were dependent on the group, and the group on that species in an obligatory relationship. However, this interpretation has been challenged by the argument that Clements did not assume mutual dependence as an organizing principle of formations or plant communities. Clements observed little overlap in kinds of species from type to type, with many species confined to just a single type. Some plants were widespread over vegetation types, but the areas of geographical overlap (ecotones) was narrow. His view of a community as a distinct unit was challenged in 1926 by Henry Gleason, who viewed vegetation as a continuum, not a unit, with associations being merely coincidental, and that any support by observations or data of clusters of species as predicted by Clements's view was either an artifact of the observer's perception or a result of defective data analysis.

Lamarckism
Clements was an advocate of neo-Lamarckian evolution. Ecologist Arthur Tansley wrote that because of his support for Lamarckism, Clements "never seemed to give proper weight to the results of modern genetical research."

Science historian Ronald C. Tobey has commented that:

"[Clements] believed that plants and animals could acquire a wide variety and range of characteristics in their struggle to survive and adapt to their environment, and that these features were heritable. In the 1920s, he conducted experiments to transform plant species native to one ecological zone into a species adapted to another, higher, zone. Clements was quite convinced of the validity of his experiments, but this experimental Lamarckism fell to experimental disproof in the 1930s."

Clements spent much time trying to demonstrate the inheritance of acquired traits in plants. By the late 1930s scientists had provided Darwinian explanations for the results of his transplant experiments.

Honors
In 1903, the flower Clementsia rhodantha Rhodiola rhodantha ("Clements's rose flower"), a stonecrop, was named in honor of Frederic Clements.

Writings
Among his works are:
 * The Phytogeography of Nebraska (1898; second edition, 1900)
 * Research Methods in Ecology (1905)
 * Plant Physiology and Ecology (1907)
 * Plant Succession. An Analysis of the Development of Vegetation (1916)
 * Plant Indicators. The Relation of Plant Communities to Process and Practice (1920)
 * The Phylogenetic Method in Taxonomy: The North American Species of Artemisia, Chrysothamnus, and Atriplex (1923, with Harvey Monroe Hall)
 * Plant Succession and Indicators. A definitive edition of Plant succession and Plant indicators (1928, reprinted 1973)
 * Flower Families and Ancestors (1928, with Edith Clements)
 * Plant Competition. An Analysis of Community Functions (1929, with J.E. Weaver & H.C. Hanson. Washington: Carnegie Institution of Washington
 * The Genera of Fungi (1931, repr. 1965, with C. L. Shear)
 * Nature and structure of the climax (1936). The Journal of Ecology, 24(1), 252–284.

Together with his wife Edith Clements he edited three exsiccata works.

title: Frederic Clements


text:
National Coal Mining Museum for England

National Coal Mining Museum for England is based at the site of Caphouse Colliery in Overton, Wakefield, West Yorkshire, England. It opened in 1988 as the Yorkshire Mining Museum and was granted national status in 1995.

History
Caphouse Colliery was sunk in the 1770s or 1780s and the Hope Pit in the 1820s. Sir John Lister Kaye of Denby Grange took over James Milnes' leases the mineral rights in 1827 and his pits became the Denby Grange Colliery. The boiler house and stone and brick chimney at the museum are Grade II listed structures built around 1876 for Emma Lister Kaye along with the steam winding engine house, boiler yard, heapstead and ventilation shaft which are Grade II* listed. The boiler house has two Lancashire boilers and powered the winding engine. The timber headgear at Caphouse and the wood framed screens building at Hope Pit date from between 1905 and 1911. Pithead baths and an administration block were built between 1937 and 1938.

Lockwood and Elliott who owned Shuttle Eye Colliery had acquired the colliery by 1942. The colliery was nationalised in 1947 and a drift mine opened in 1974. The colliery closed in 1985.

Under the directorship of Margaret Faull, the Yorkshire Mining Museum opened in 1988. The museum became the National Coal Mining Museum in 1995. In October 2022, the museum staff voted to strike over a below inflation pay offer.

Museum
The museum offers guided underground tours where visitors can experience the conditions miners worked in and see the tools and machines they used as the industry and the mine developed through the years.

Above ground, the museum sits on a 45 acre semi-rural site, with over a dozen galleries documenting the social and industrial history of the mines. The extensive library and archive contains a first edition of De re Metallica, as well as issues of "Coal News" and details of collieries throughout England. There are numerous other original features on site, including the pit head baths, steam winding house, boiler house and coal screening plant. The site maintains an operating paddy train connecting the main Caphouse hub to the Hope Pit area of the site, where a natural Water Treatment facility with reed beds and bird hides is operated in partnership with the Coal Authority. There is also an interpretive nature trail connecting the wooded valley area of the site.

The museum has had many developments in recent years. The Miners Memorial Garden was opened in 2015, and a large mining-themed adventure playground was built in 2017. Significant improvements to the visitor welcome hub, which contains the museum's retail, education, catering and conferencing facilities were made from 2018 onwards owing to funding from the National Lottery Heritage Fund.

Since the early 1990s, the museum has hosted pit ponies and other horses with links to the Coal Mining industry. A new interactive Pony Discovery Centre was opened in 2021 replacing the older stables block sited in the Boiler Yard.

The museum is an Anchor Point of ERIH, the European Route of Industrial Heritage.

The museum held the exhibition 'My Mining Days' for mining artist Tom Lamb in 2008–2009.

Battery Electric Locomotives

 * Narrow Gauge
 * Atlas 2463
 * 713007 (Clayton B0182B)
 * Clayton No. 7 SICK NOTE
 * Clayton B3538 COMPO

Diesel Hydraulic Locomotives

 * Narrow Gauge
 * Hunslet 7530
 * Hunslet 8832 (flameproof)
 * YKSMM 2001.831 (GMT 4w-4wDHF Rack)
 * GMT 0592 KIRSTIN
 * Hunslet 9271 (rack fitted)
 * Standard Gauge
 * NCB 44 (Hunslet 6684)
 * Hunslet 7307
 * Thomas Hill 249V

Diesel Mechanical Locomotives

 * Narrow Gauge
 * Hunslet 6273
 * Hudswell-Clarke DM1356
 * Hudswell-Clarke DM655
 * Hudswell-Clarke DM746
 * Ruston & Hornsby 375547
 * Ruston & Hornsby 379659
 * Standard Gauge
 * Hudswell-Clarke D1121 MANTON

Steam locomotives

 * Standard Gauge
 * RSH 7298 PROGRESS 0-6-0ST

Location
The museum is situated on the A642, in Overton near Middlestown between Wakefield and Huddersfield. It is signposted from the M1 motorway. It can be reached by car or public transport.

The museum features regularly on television programmes, especially those with a focus on genealogy and mining culture.

title: National Coal Mining Museum for England


text: User talk:69.193.233.236

title: User talk:69.193.233.236


text:
Talk:Ångerman

A while ago we on Wikipedia moved Swedish Latinized provincial names such as Angermannia to such as Ångermanland. Ironiously, Enc. Britannica lists this river as such:

Angerman River (riv., Swed.) Ångermanälven (riv., Swed.): see Angerman River Ångermanland (prov., Swed.)

(http://www.britannica.com/eb/index?search=ANFO)

So I will consider moving this article to Angerman River, even if the provincial name is Ångermanland. I will also consider moving all "-älven" articles to "River" article names.

Fred-Chess 16:26, August 29, 2005 (UTC)

Please do not. Ångerman or Angerman are not the same. Å and A are different letters and sort differently in the Swedish alphabet. A is the first letter, just like in English. Å is the 27th letter. They are pronounced differently. They sort differently. They are different letters.

Substituting Å for A would be like substituting M for N in English. They look similar enough? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 49.197.118.4 (talk) 08:42, 7 March 2018 (UTC)

I think your mistake is that you think Å is just A with an accent. That is wrong. It is a completely different and unrelated letter. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 49.197.118.4 (talk) 08:44, 7 March 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ångerman


text:
Renan, Switzerland

Renan is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is located in the French-speaking Bernese Jura (Jura Bernois).

History
Renan is first mentioned in 1372 as Renens. The municipality was formerly known by its German name Rennen, however, that name is no longer used.

The village was owned by the collegiate church of Saint-Imier which was part of the seigniory of Erguel under the Prince-Bishop of Basel. After the 1797 French victory and the Treaty of Campo Formio, Renan became part of the French Département of Mont-Terrible. A few years later, it became part of the Département of Haut-Rhin. After Napoleon's defeat and the Congress of Vienna, Renan was assigned to the Canton of Bern in 1815. Following an unsuccessful revolt in Neuchâtel in 1831, a number of the insurgents took refuge in Renan. Following the French Revolution of 1848, the people of the neighboring canton of Neuchâtel made preparations for a republican coup. A republican leader Ami Girard raised a body two hundred volunteers and on 1 March 1848 set out from Renan to join the Neuchâtel Revolution. By 8pm that evening, Neuchâtel Castle fell to the volunteers and on 5 March, ambassadors from Switzerland had recognized the new government and the Republic of Neuchatel was formed.

The village was part of the parish of Erguel and converted to the Reformed faith along with the rest of the Erguel. In 1627 the Prince-Bishop approved the construction of a village church in Renan. It was completed in 1631 and was renovated in 1976-77.

During the late 17th century the village economy was booming as the watch industry spread in the Saint-Imier valley. In 1874, the Biel-Les Convers railway connected the village to the national railway network. The Great Depression in the 1930s devastated the Swiss watch industry and the economy of Renan. However, the watch industry held on and grew once again after World War II. In the 1970s the watch industry was once again devastated and this time the local industry did not survive. At the beginning of the 21st century Renan's economy was dominated by agriculture. In 2005, the agricultural sector provided over one-third of all jobs in the municipality.

Geography
Renan has an area of. Of this area, 7.57 km2 or 59.9% is used for agricultural purposes, while 4.24 km2 or 33.5% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 0.74 km2 or 5.9% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.03 km2 or 0.2% is either rivers or lakes and 0.03 km2 or 0.2% is unproductive land.

Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 3.3% and transportation infrastructure made up 1.9%. Out of the forested land, 29.1% of the total land area is heavily forested and 4.4% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 7.7% is used for growing crops and 37.0% is pastures and 14.8% is used for alpine pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water.

The municipality is located in the upper Saint-Imier valley. The high valley of Les Convers, in which marshlands the Suze takes its source is located on its territory.

On 31 December 2009 District de Courtelary, the municipality's former district, was dissolved. On the following day, 1 January 2010, it joined the newly created Arrondissement administratif Jura bernois.

Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Argent on a Bar Vert a Mullet Or.

Demographics
Renan has a population of. , 11.6% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2000-2010) the population has changed at a rate of 9.4%. Migration accounted for 12.1%, while births and deaths accounted for -1.2%.

Most of the population speaks French (590 or 70.6%) as their first language, German is the second most common (216 or 25.8%) and Italian is the third (9 or 1.1%). There is 1 person who speaks Romansh.

, the population was 49.5% male and 50.5% female. The population was made up of 370 Swiss men (43.5% of the population) and 51 (6.0%) non-Swiss men. There were 382 Swiss women (44.9%) and 48 (5.6%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 242 or about 28.9% were born in Renan and lived there in 2000. There were 205 or 24.5% who were born in the same canton, while 245 or 29.3% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 87 or 10.4% were born outside of Switzerland.

, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 22.4% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 60.5% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 17%.

, there were 358 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 374 married individuals, 62 widows or widowers and 42 individuals who are divorced.

, there were 107 households that consist of only one person and 24 households with five or more people. , a total of 318 apartments (74.8% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 65 apartments (15.3%) were seasonally occupied and 42 apartments (9.9%) were empty. , the construction rate of new housing units was 1.2 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality,, was 1.94%.

The historical population is given in the following chart:

Sights
The entire village of Renan is designated as part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites.

Politics
In the 2011 federal election the most popular party was the Swiss People's Party (SVP) which received 30.2% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the Social Democratic Party (SP) (22.1%), the Green Party (10.8%) and the FDP.The Liberals (10.5%). In the federal election, a total of 225 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 34.9%.

Economy
, Renan had an unemployment rate of 2.31%. , there were a total of 245 people employed in the municipality. Of these, there were 80 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 28 businesses involved in this sector. 38 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 10 businesses in this sector. 127 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 14 businesses in this sector. There were 11 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 18.2% of the workforce.

there were a total of 192 full-time equivalent jobs. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 60, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 36 of which 33 or (91.7%) were in manufacturing and 3 (8.3%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 96. In the tertiary sector; 5 or 5.2% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 9 or 9.4% were in a hotel or restaurant, 5 or 5.2% were in education and 69 or 71.9% were in health care.

, there were 97 workers who commuted into the municipality and 222 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 2.3 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. About 11.3% of the workforce coming into Renan are coming from outside Switzerland. Of the working population, 9.5% used public transportation to get to work, and 60.2% used a private car.

Religion
From the, 158 or 18.9% were Roman Catholic, while 423 or 50.6% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 6 members of an Orthodox church (or about 0.72% of the population), there were 4 individuals (or about 0.48% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 126 individuals (or about 15.07% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There was 1 individual who was Jewish, and 7 (or about 0.84% of the population) who were Islamic. There was 1 person who was Hindu and 8 individuals who belonged to another church. 104 (or about 12.44% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 58 individuals (or about 6.94% of the population) did not answer the question.

Education
In Renan about 270 or (32.3%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 68 or (8.1%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 68 who completed tertiary schooling, 57.4% were Swiss men, 29.4% were Swiss women, 10.3% were non-Swiss men.

The Canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend additional schooling or they may enter an apprenticeship.

During the 2010-11 school year, there were a total of 65 students attending classes in Renan. There was one kindergarten class with a total of 17 students in the municipality. The municipality had 3 primary classes and 48 students. Of the primary students, 4.2% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 2.1% have a different mother language than the classroom language.

, there were 22 students in Renan who came from another municipality, while 83 residents attended schools outside the municipality.

Transportation
The municipality has a railway station, Renan BE. The station is located on the Biel/Bienne–La Chaux-de-Fonds line and has hourly service to Biel/Bienne and La Chaux-de-Fonds.

title: Renan, Switzerland


text:
User talk:Hydragon

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, you can post to the help desk or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! RJFJR 16:27, August 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Please use edit summaries
Thank you for your ongoing contributions to Firefly-related articles. Might I ask that you please use the "edit summary" feature, as mentioned in the How to edit a page link above, whenever you edit, to provide a terse summary of the changes you make during each edit? This helps folks review article changes from a broad perspective without having to do server-intensive, step-by-step examination of individual edits. If you'd like more information on this, please see Edit summary or drop me a note on my talk page. Thank you for your assistance. ~ Jeff Q (talk) 09:52, 12 November 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:AnneOnymous.PNG
Thanks for uploading Image:AnneOnymous.PNG. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is therefore unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the media also doesn't have a copyright tag then you must also add one. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then you can use GFDL-self to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media qualifies as fair use, please read fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other media, please check that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Tawker 00:48, 18 February 2006 (UTC)

Merry Go
Can you please stop moving the article? Not using the "move" function also causes the edit history to get lost. WhisperToMe 04:17, 26 August 2006 (UTC)

Non-free use disputed for Image:AnneOnymous.PNG
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title: User talk:Hydragon


text:
Talk:Party Animals (album)

Fair use rationale for Image:Turbonegro-PartyAnimals.jpg
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title: Talk:Party Animals (album)


text:
Talk:Scandinavian Leather

Fair use rationale for Image:Turbonegro-ScandinavianLeather.jpg
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Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

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title: Talk:Scandinavian Leather


text:
Talk:Darkness Forever!

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title: Talk:Darkness Forever!


text: User talk:Megastar

title: User talk:Megastar


text:
User talk:RAFowell

Welcome!
Hi RAFowell! I noticed your contributions and wanted to welcome you to the Wikipedia community. I hope you like it here and decide to stay.

As you get started, you may find this short tutorial helpful:

Alternatively, the contributing to Wikipedia page covers the same topics.

If you have any questions, we have a friendly space where experienced editors can help you here:

If you are not sure where to help out, you can find a task here:

Please remember to sign your messages on talk pages by typing four tildes ( ~ ); this will automatically insert your username and the date.

Happy editing! RJFJR 16:29, August 29, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:RAFowell


text:
Massacre of Uman

The Massacre of Humań, or massacre of Uman (rzeź humańska; "уманська різня" or "взяття Умані") was a 1768 massacre of the Jews, Poles and Ukrainian Uniates by haidamaks. The murders were committed at the town of Uman in the far eastern part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

Uman was a well-fortified town that held a large garrison of Bar confederation troops under the command of Rafał Mładanowicz, the governor of Uman who joined Bar Confederation. This fact made Uman one of the primary targets of Koliyivschyna movement, and it is likely that the siege of Uman was planned well in advance probably even by Russian officers. Ivan Gonta, an officer in the private militia of the owner of Uman Count Franciszek Salezy Potocki (made up of Household Cossacks) was accused of connections with haidamaka by some people from the local Jewish community three months before the siege and long before the uprising.

However, due to the lack of hard evidence and the sudden death of a star witness, no formal charges were made. Although Ivan Gonta was de facto the commander of all Uman cossacks not only of his unit of about 100 and he was not the most senior in their ranks but just he was the representative of the owner of Uman who had not supported the Bar Confederation. His participation was needed to justify the orders of Mladanovich and others who had betrayed the owner by joining Bar confederation and giving up the city to it. The noblemen learnt from letters of the owner to Gonta captured by them that Gonta would become a Polish nobleman and the owner of villages if Gonta makes some important mission according to the order of the owner during the siege of Uman.

In early June 1768 the Ukrainian rebels under the command of Maksym Zalizniak marched on Uman after capturing Cherkasy, Korsun and Kaniv. As Zalizniak openly encouraged the slaughter of various national minorities irrespective of their faith with exception of Poles, Jews, and Romanians to be used for mixed marriages with Rusyns (as Ukrainians called themselves that time) after the conversion of Jews and Poles into the Orthodox faith and in fact Poles and Jews were killed as well, the town was filled with refugees.

A large camp filled with Polish nobility and their private militia, regular soldiers, and Jewish refugees were positioned outside the city walls. Bar Confederation troops outnumbered the forces of adult rebels, and therefore it was decided that some of the forces should guard the ramparts while Gonta and his cossack unit and all other Uman household Cossacks would meet the Haidamakas in an open battle. However, when Gonta met Zalizniak's units Gonta openly declared that he was going to join Koliyivschyna. Some sources claim that the formal commanders of two household Cossack regiments were sent by Gonta back to Uman, although the authenticity of the story is highly disputed.

The united troops razed the encampment on June 14 and tried to penetrate the ramparts by concealing the rebels behind the backs of Gonta's household Cossacks. However, the attempt failed, and so the siege started on June 17. The very first day the large number of Ukrainians deserted the ranks of Polish forces and joined the rebels when the city was surrounded. But the majority of Ukrainians including the students of local Eastern Catholic seminary remained loyal to Mladanovich and participated in the defense of the city.

After three days of the siege the city fell to Zalizniak in spite of a courageous defense in which the Jews also played an active role. Though the city had been prepared for battles on the streets Mladanovich and other local Bar Confederation leaders opened the gates to Zalizniak after the penetration of some Gonta Cossacks into the city thinking that Gonta represents the owner of Uman, the king of Poland and official authorities and it is the will of the owner that he executes. In reality not Zaliznyak but a Russian officer was to be the leader, but this officer died just before the rebellion and gave all ducats and military plans to Zaliznyak as an honest Orthodox monk and the former Zaporozhian Cossack who was present during the death of this Russian officer.

After the city had been taken, all inhabitants had been disarmed and Uman wine belonging to the owner of Uman had been consumed by rebels a violent and bloody massacre (where many noblemen including Mładanowicz were killed but his daughter and son were saved by Gonta being their godfather) took place. The previously disarmed by rebels Jews then gathered in the synagogues, where they were led by Leib Shargorodski and Moses Menaker in an attempt to defend themselves, but they were destroyed by cannon fire and knives. Most of the remaining Jews in the city were subsequently killed. Gonta saved Jewish and Pole children and those who survived then after the three days of the massacre. Gonta declared that 33,000 people had been killed and he could not save them and it was his guilt. According to earlier estimates the number of Poles and Jews massacred was 20,000. The estimate given by Gonta for self-embellishment during his trial was 33,000. These numbers are considered exaggerated by the modern historiography, with numbers of Poles and Jews who were killed in the “massacre of Uman” now estimated at ca. 2,000, other victims representing Ukrainians and minorities.

title: Massacre of Uman


text: Category:Films directed by Akira Kurosawa


text:
Wikipedia talk:Requested moves

Enter the title (or part of a title) to search for after "intitle:", then click "search" Try other variants (e.g. "move discussion") to broaden or narrow your search

Right-of-way (property access)
I need assistance/advice. My change of name to Right-of-way (property access) (removal of hyphens) was reverted by 162 etc.. This was based on the claim that there had been no discussion. The truth is that my intentions were indicated on the Talk page of the article and on an associated article, Right of way. As after several days no objection was raised (I had expected some response) I acted in accordance with WP: Be bold. Rwood128 (talk) 14:29, 26 May 2024 (UTC)

 * Since your WP:BOLDMOVE was reverted, you should open a requested move by following the instructions at WP:RM/CM. SilverLocust 💬 08:20, 27 May 2024 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 25 June 2024
for the current discussions section show requests for last 10 to 11 most recent days instead of 7 and make elapsed listings after a 10 or 11-day listing period instead of 7 173.72.3.91 (talk) 23:40, 25 June 2024 (UTC)
 * ❌ This is the wrong process (it's a request for a bot to be recoded, not an edit request), and needs a much broader discussion before being implemented anyway. * Pppery * it has begun... 01:58, 26 June 2024 (UTC)

helpful links section in the RM template
Since there's a huge disparity between the amount of watchers between here and the template talk page, allow me to link Template talk:Requested move from here.

Indeed, the top of this page seems to have some helpful search links that sound like they could also be included in such a list of helpful links in the template (to help people find previous RMs for the same topics). --Joy (talk) 21:42, 29 June 2024 (UTC)

Before I request
I first brought this to the Teahouse and then once again here:  Article Page; but I am not really sure how to go about requesting 2 page moves in one request. I would like to move the article Saddle tramp as the main article under that title at WP and move the  (disambiguation) page to its own disambiguation title - which will be linked from the header link on the Saddle tramp article. But it is not very clear how to do that on the Requested moves page. Thanks. Maineartists (talk) 13:26, 8 July 2024 (UTC)

 * @Maineartists: Check out, in particular the template example shown there. –  13:46, 8 July 2024 (UTC)

Adding how to request
I'm not sure where to find the templates for requesting a page move I.e opening the discussion. It will be more logical to have this information prominently at the top of the page. As it stand, the first /lead is filled with the closing instructions and a page mover guide, etc, but doesn't seem to have an immediate clear guidance on how to request a move or a link to do so. Has anyone considered this? Safari Scribe Edits! Talk! 06:40, 12 July 2024 (UTC)

 * What could potentially be split and moved out is the list of technical requests to just below the instructions for the controversial moves. Nothing else should be changed since this is an information page on all moves. The lead accurately summarises what moves are there and what to do. Technical move instructions should still be at the top as we do get plenty of the technical requests, more than the number of controversial discussions. – robertsky (talk) 08:48, 12 July 2024 (UTC)
 * The WP:PCM section has all of that information, and that section is listed in the Table of Contents. I can't think of any other process on Wikipedia where we just plonk a bunch of templates at the top and say "read below for how to use these"; we have those templates in line with the prose and examples. Primefac (talk) 19:48, 13 July 2024 (UTC)

Some cases should be moved via Rfc instead
Over the years I have come across many cases that would be much better moved via an Rfc rather than RM. This is because in the cases, there also needs to be a scope change. Consider the move requests at 2024 Nuseirat rescue operation and Nuseirat refugee camp massacre. At the move request many users express concerns about scope and potential merger. At the merger discussion, users express concern about the name. Its a circular discussion. An Rfc would clearly lay out the options at the table: "Move to X, with merger", "Move to X, without merger" etc. In such cases, can a user start a RfC instead of a RM? VR (Please ping on reply) 17:47, 13 July 2024 (UTC)
 * I don't think there's any rule that says contentious moves can only occur following an RM, so if you think there are other important things to discuss along with a page move (or as a result of a mage move, or vice versa) then by all means use that route. Primefac (talk) 19:09, 13 July 2024 (UTC)
 * Please also keep in mind that an RfC like the one you suggest should only be created when there is no open move request. An RfC should not be used to supersede an existing move discussion, and is likely to be closed in such a case. Dekimasu よ! 02:37, 14 July 2024 (UTC)

Why are we recommending that edit histories should use nonsense names?
See talk:Magique (disambiguation), where it is said that a redirect containing edit history should be moved to a nonsensical title "Magique (disambiguation)" when the content is not a disambiguation page, but a former character article. This kind of movement would make edit histories of many topics end up at nonsense names, whenever a primary topic changes a primary redirect with history swapped with an article. That unrelated disambiguated title would now contain the former article come redirect's edit history, for a merged article. The edit summary will never keep up with multiple moves, so the attribution templates on the talk pages should be used to track the location of edit histories, with sensible names; and through the move logs.

-- 65.92.247.96 (talk) 22:47, 14 July 2024 (UTC)

Village pump (policy)
I have initiated a discussion at the Village Pump on the question, Are new rules needed for high-profile or previously contested proposals? BD2412  T 00:47, 16 July 2024 (UTC)

 * @BD2412 nice. I have something similar in mind with regards to potential high-viz moves. – robertsky (talk) 01:31, 16 July 2024 (UTC)
 * If you have a proposal, I'd like to see it in the Village Pump discussion. Cheers! BD2412  T 01:47, 16 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia talk:Requested moves


text:
Romont, Bern

Romont is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is located in the French-speaking Bernese Jura (Jura Bernois).

History
Romont is first mentioned in 1311 as Redemont. The municipality was formerly known by its German name Rothmund, however, that name is no longer used.

The Basel Cathedral owned a fief in Romont, which they assigned to Bourkard de la Roche in 1311. During the 14th and 15th century the noble Romont family owned a castle situated between Romont and Vauffelin. During the Middle Ages, Romont was part of the seigniory of Erguel which was owned by the Prince Bishop of Basel. After the 1797 French victory and the Treaty of Campo Formio, Romont became part of the French Département of Mont-Terrible. Three years later, in 1800 it became part of the Département of Haut-Rhin. After Napoleon's defeat and the Congress of Vienna, Romont was assigned to the Canton of Bern in 1815.

In 1839, for geographic, language and historical reasons, Romont transferred from the Büren district and Pieterlen parish to the Courtelary district and Vauffelin parish. Beginning in 1971, the villages of Romont, Vauffelin and Frinvillier created a shared school district. Many of the residents in Romont commute to jobs in Biel/Bienne and other towns or work in agriculture in Romont.

Geography
Romont has an area of. Of this area, 2.66 km2 or 37.8% is used for agricultural purposes, while 4.1 km2 or 58.3% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 0.22 km2 or 3.1% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.01 km2 or 0.1% is either rivers or lakes and 0.01 km2 or 0.1% is unproductive land.

Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 1.1% and transportation infrastructure made up 1.6%. Out of the forested land, 52.1% of the total land area is heavily forested and 6.3% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 8.0% is used for growing crops and 11.1% is pastures and 18.3% is used for alpine pastures. All the water in the municipality is in lakes.

The municipality is located on the first Jura ridge line above Pieterlen and the Aare valley.

On 31 December 2009 District de Courtelary, the municipality's former district, was dissolved. On the following day, 1 January 2010, it joined the newly created Arrondissement administratif Jura bernois.

Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Gules a Tower embatteled Argent issuant from a Mount Vert and in a Chief of the second a Sparrow-Hawk displayed Azure.

Demographics
Romont has a population of. , 9.5% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2000-2010) the population has changed at a rate of 4.7%. Migration accounted for 2.1%, while births and deaths accounted for 3.7%.

Most of the population speaks French (104 or 52.8%) as their first language, German is the second most common (81 or 41.1%) and Italian is the third (5 or 2.5%).

, the population was 48.7% male and 51.3% female. The population was made up of 89 Swiss men (44.7% of the population) and 8 (4.0%) non-Swiss men. There were 91 Swiss women (45.7%) and 11 (5.5%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 70 or about 35.5% were born in Romont and lived there in 2000. There were 52 or 26.4% who were born in the same canton, while 41 or 20.8% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 18 or 9.1% were born outside of Switzerland.

, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 21.1% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 60.3% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 18.6%.

, there were 68 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 114 married individuals, 10 widows or widowers and 5 individuals who are divorced.

, there were 13 households that consist of only one person and 5 households with five or more people. , a total of 76 apartments (82.6% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 7 apartments (7.6%) were seasonally occupied and 9 apartments (9.8%) were empty. , the construction rate of new housing units was 15.1 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality,, was 1.9%.

The historical population is given in the following chart:

Politics
In the 2011 federal election the most popular party was the Swiss People's Party (SVP) which received 54.6% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the Social Democratic Party (SP) (16.6%), the Green Party (9.6%) and the Conservative Democratic Party (BDP) (6.6%). In the federal election, a total of 55 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 35.9%.

Economy
, Romont had an unemployment rate of 0.72%. , there were a total of 37 people employed in the municipality. Of these, there were 24 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 8 businesses involved in this sector. 3 people were employed in the secondary sector and there was 1 business in this sector. 10 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 5 businesses in this sector.

there were a total of 28 full-time equivalent jobs. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 17, all in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 3, all in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 8 of which 1 was in trade, sale or the repair of motor vehicles and 4 were in a hotel or restaurant.

, there were 14 workers who commuted into the municipality and 83 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 5.9 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. Of the working population, 6.1% used public transportation to get to work, and 71.9% used a private car.

Religion
From the, 35 or 17.8% were Roman Catholic, while 117 or 59.4% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 4 members of an Orthodox church (or about 2.03% of the population), and there were 4 individuals (or about 2.03% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. 25 (or about 12.69% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 14 individuals (or about 7.11% of the population) did not answer the question.

Education
In Romont about 70 or (35.5%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 23 or (11.7%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 23 who completed tertiary schooling, 78.3% were Swiss men, 21.7% were Swiss women.

The Canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend additional schooling or they may enter an apprenticeship.

During the 2010-11 school year, there were a total of 13 students attending classes in Romont. There were no kindergarten classes and one primary class with 13 students in the municipality. Of the primary students, 30.8% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 53.8% have a different mother language than the classroom language.

, there were 28 students in Romont who came from another municipality, while 18 residents attended schools outside the municipality.

title: Romont, Bern


text:
File:Bush at War cover.jpg

Summary
Cover of Bush at War by Bob Woodward.

title: File:Bush at War cover.jpg