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Roy Estrada

Roy Estrada (also known as "Roy Ralph Moleman Guacamole Guadalupe Hidalgo Estrada" and "Orejón"; born April 17, 1943) is an American former musician. He is best known for being the original bassist of both the Mothers of Invention and Little Feat. He was also later a member of Captain Beefheart's the Magic Band and occasionally still worked with Frank Zappa in Zappa's solo career following the Mothers' split.

Estrada is currently incarcerated in the Texas State Prison System. He was convicted for sex offenses, first having been convicted of child sex abuse in 1994 and serving six years' imprisonment, then pleading guilty to abuse of a young relative in 2012. He will not be eligible for release until 2037, at which time he will be between 93 and 94 years old.

Career
With drummer Jimmy Carl Black and vocalist Ray Collins, Estrada was an original member of Frank Zappa's Mothers of Invention. Previously, Estrada had been a founding member of the Soul Giants, the band from which the Mothers of Invention was formed. In addition to playing bass guitar, Estrada sang vocals—often in a falsetto in Zappa's arrangement of doo-wop harmonies. On the 1969 album studio Uncle Meat, for example, he was credited with bass guitar and "Pachuco falsetto."

Prior to the Soul Giants, Estrada fronted a band called Roy Estrada and the Rocketeers. The group released at least one single on the King label, "Jungle Dreams (Part 1)" backed with "Jungle Dreams (Part 2)".

In addition to his work with Zappa, Estrada formed Little Feat with Lowell George, Richie Hayward and Bill Payne in 1969, playing bass and singing backing vocals on their first two studio albums before quitting in 1972 to join Captain Beefheart's Magic Band. Beefheart gave him the nickname "Orejón" ('big ears'). Estrada returned to Zappa's band for a tour that ran from September 1975 to March 1976. The posthumous Zappa archival release Joe's Camouflage featured pre-tour rehearsal recordings, while recordings from the tour appeared on the archival releases FZ:OZ, Joe's Menage and Zappa ’75: Zagreb/Ljubljana. Zappa's 1976 studio album Zoot Allures included one track from the tour as well as studio recordings with Estrada on backing vocals. Estrada later provided vocals and acting for Zappa's 1979 film Baby Snakes, and vocal work for the 1980s Zappa studio albums Ship Arriving Too Late to Save a Drowning Witch, The Man from Utopia and Them or Us.

Session work
Estrada has also done session work by playing bass for a diverse range of artists, including Ry Cooder on his eponymous debut studio album, Ivan Ulz, Leo Kottke, Van Dyke Parks and Howdy Moon.

Grande Mothers
In 2002, two years after his release from jail, Estrada joined forces with fellow former Mothers Don Preston and Napoleon Murphy Brock, along with guitarist Ken Rosser and drummer and percussionist Christopher Garcia, to form "The Grande Mothers", the only Mothers of Invention/Frank Zappa alumni consistently performing the music of Zappa since 2002, with over 90 performances.

Since then they have performed at numerous concerts and festivals throughout the United States, Canada and Europe, including Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, the UK, Germany, the Netherlands, Italy, Norway and Switzerland. In 2005, guitarist Miroslav Tadić replaced Ken Rosser in the line-up. Robbie "Seahag" Mangano has been the guitarist for all of the European Grande Mothers' tours since 2009.

In 2003 Estrada was featured on the album Hamburger Midnight (taking its title from a George/Estrada co-composition on the first Little Feat studio album) on the record label Inkanish Records, on which he collaborated once again with Jimmy Carl Black.

Sex offender status
Estrada served six years in prison after he was convicted of committing lewd acts with a child in Orange County, California, in December 1994. In January 2012, he pleaded guilty to a charge of continuous sexual abuse of a female family member younger than 14 which happened in March 2008. In the plea bargain agreement, he was sentenced to 25 years in prison and is not eligible for parole.

title: Roy Estrada


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Barentsøya

Barentsøya, anglicized as Barents Island, is an Arctic island in the Svalbard archipelago of Norway, lying between Edgeøya and Spitsbergen. To the north, in the sound between Barentsøya and Spitsbergen, lies the island of Kükenthaløya. To the south, the sound separating Barents Island from Edgeøya is Freemansundet.

Barentsøya has no permanent human inhabitants. It is part of the Søraust-Svalbard Nature Reserve and forms a habitat for several species, including polar bears and kittiwakes.

History
The island was named after Dutch explorer Willem Barents who, despite discovering Svalbard, never sighted Barentsøya itself. The name "Barents Land" was only given after an 1865 Swedish expedition. Previously, Dutch whaling captains had referred to it on maps as Zuyd Ooster Land ("Southeastern Land") as early as 1710.

In 1936, Norway built four cabins on the island to formally establish control.

Geography
Barentsøya has an approximately square shape, with maximum lengths and widths of about fifty kilometers, and an area of 1,288 km2. A significant part of the island, more than 500 km2, is glaciated. The ice cap of Barentsjøkulen covers a large part of the island, with the largest offspring Besselsbreen (north), Duckwitzbreen (west), Freemanbreen (south), and Hübnerbreen (southeast). Barentsjøkulen has the two large ice domes of Peer Gyntslottet and Solveigdomen. The mountain of Schweinfurthberget is a nunatak of Barentsjøkulen. It has a height of 590 m.a.s.l., is the highest mountain of Barentsøya, and is named after German scientist Georg August Schweinfurth.

At the northern side of Barentsøya is the ice-free peninsula of Frankenhalvøya, between Ginevra Bay at the western side and Dorstbukta to the east. Grimheia is an ice-free mountainous area extending over a length of about thirteen kilometers at the northern part of the island. The westernmost point of the island is the headland of Mistakodden. At the southern part of Barentsøya are the mountains of Krefftberget and Høgrinden, while Jeppeberget is located to the southeast. The largest lakes of the island are Veslemjøsa in Heimarka, and Dalskilvatnet between the valleys of Sjodalen and Grimdalen.

Around 43 percent of the island's 1288 km2 area is glaciated, and much of the surface rock has been eroded over millions of years by glaciation.

Line notes

 * C. Michael Hogan (2008) Polar Bear: Ursus maritimus'', globalTwitcher.com, ed. Nicklas Stromberg

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Barentsøya


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Leonard Woods (theologian)

Leonard Woods (June 19, 1774 – August 24, 1854) was an American theologian. He was widely known for upholding orthodox Calvinism over Unitarianism.

In 1796, Woods graduated from Harvard, and was soon ordained pastor in 1798 of the Congregational Church at West Newbury, MA. He was the first professor of Andover Theological Seminary and between 1808 and 1846, occupied the seminary's chair of Christian theology. He helped establish several societies including the American Tract Society, the American Education Society, the Temperance Society, and the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. Woods was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1812.

Woods was also an influential and outspoken proponent of slavery in the run-up to the American Civil War. He helped organize a petition drive among ministers to support the Compromise of 1850 and help stamp out antislavery clergy.

His son-in-law, Edward A. Lawrence, Sr., was a pastor, professor, and author. Woods' grandson, Edward A. Lawrence, Jr., was the namesake of Lawrence House Baltimore.

Works
His six primary works are:

 * Lectures on the Inspiration of the Scriptures (1829)
 * Memoirs of American Missionaries (1833)
 * Examination of the Doctrine of Perfection (1841)
 * Lectures on Church Government (1843)
 * Lectures on Swedenborgianism (1848)
 * History of Andover Seminary completed by his son, Leonard Woods, Jr. (1848)

title: Leonard Woods (theologian)


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No Way Out (Puff Daddy album)

No Way Out is the debut studio album by American rapper Puff Daddy. It was released on July 22, 1997, by Arista and Bad Boy Records. The album is credited to "Puff Daddy & the Family"; the latter act refers to guest appearances from his signees at Bad Boy Records.

Puff Daddy worked extensively with the Notorious B.I.G. and the Hitmen when creating the album, which saw a change in direction following the former's shooting and death months prior to release. This greatly affected Puff Daddy, and with a combination of aggressive and introspective lyrics, he conveys an emotionally vulnerable state representing the before and after of B.I.G.'s death. Additional production was provided by Jaz-O, while the album contains features from the Notorious B.I.G., Busta Rhymes, Mase, Lil' Kim, Carl Thomas, Jay-Z, Black Rob, the LOX, Ginuwine, Twista, Foxy Brown, Faith Evans, and 112.

No Way Out saw significant commercial success, debuting atop on the Billboard 200 with first week sales of over selling over 561,000 copies. The album's singles also saw commercial success, particularly with its second single "I'll Be Missing You", which became a worldwide hit and the first hip hop song to debut atop the Billboard Hot 100. Released prior as its lead single, "Can't Nobody Hold Me Down" peaked atop the chart after several weeks, while its third, "Been Around the World"m peaked at number two. The album also saw widespread critical success, earning Puff Daddy five nominations at the 40th Grammy Awards, from which he won Best Rap Album. It remains Puff Daddy's best selling album, with over 7 million copies shipped in the United States, and is considered a classic hip hop album.

Background
Speaking about the album's title, Puff Daddy said that because of the Notorious B.I.G.'s death on March 9, 1997, he had felt that there was 'no way out of things the way we were'. The album's lyrical content was inspired by the emotions that he felt while mourning the loss of his close friend. In the song, titled "Is This the End?", he raps about experiencing the drive-by shooting that happened in Los Angeles, California, which took the Notorious B.I.G.'s life. The album was originally called Puff Daddy & the Goodfellas, then slated to be titled Hell Up in Harlem, but following the death of the Notorious B.I.G., he decided to switch the album's title to No Way Out. As discussed in "Unbelievable: The Life, Death, and Afterlife of The Notorious B.I.G." by Cheo Hodari Coker, the weight of the East Coast/West Coast rivalry and the accompanying threats had taken its toll on Combs and those around him. It was decided that they needed to get away and become focused on making hits. So, Combs brought producers Steven "Stevie J." Jordan, Deric "D-Dot" Angelettie, Nashiem Myrick and Ron Lawrence as well as engineers Axel Niehaus and Tony Maserati down to the Caribbean Sound Basin studio in Maraval, Trinidad, along with everything that they needed to craft hits. In the book, Puffy is quoted as saying, "For the next two years, I wanna have radio on lock. Call the girlfriend, wifey, or whatever, and let 'em know that you're not gonna be around for a few weeks. We're gonna get away from all this drama, put our heads together, and when we come back, we’re coming back with hits." The material would later be used on No Way Out, Life After Death and other Bad Boy albums from 1997 to 1999.

Accolades
In the United States, the album topped on the Billboard charts, with 561,000 copies sold in the first week. The album topped music charts worldwide for 24 non-consecutive weeks. In 1998, No Way Out would win the Grammy Award for the Best Rap Album. On September 7, 2000, the album was certified seven-times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). In 1997, among the ten songs that reached at number one on the Billboard Hot 100 list, four of them belonged to Bad Boy Records. The album spawned two Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles – "Can't Nobody Hold Me Down" and "I'll Be Missing You" – and the "number 2" singles "Been Around the World" and "It's All About the Benjamins". The longest reign of the label's four hits was this single "I'll Be Missing You", which topped the charts for 11 weeks. The melody for "I'll Be Missing You" is sampled from the Police's 1983 hit "Every Breath You Take". This successful album led to Puff Daddy to be named as one of Forbes' 40th highest-paid entertainers, along with southern hip hop rapper Master P and Oprah Winfrey.

The music video for "Been Around the World" features cameo appearances by Jennifer Lopez, playing Puff Daddy's love interest in a fictional storyline. Its positive reception led to widespread rumors of a personal relationship between the two in the media. This was later confirmed when Puff Daddy and Lopez dated for a period of time in the late 1990s. Furthermore, the music video for "Victory" was one of the most expensive videos ever made. The song titled "No Way Out" performed by Puff Daddy, appeared on the soundtrack for the film Money Talks (1997), but is not included on this album.

Critical and commercial performance
Upon release, No Way Out was quickly met with commercial success. In Combs' home country of the United States, it debuted atop the Billboard 200 with 561,000 copies sold in its first week. Supported by five commercially successful singles, including "I'll Be Missing You", which, along with the album itself, served as a tribute to the then-recently deceased Notorious B.I.G.. The song became the first in hip hop to debut atop the Billboard Hot 100, where it remained for 11 consecutive weeks, while topping several other charts worldwide. The album's first single, released prior to B.I.G.'s death, "Can't Nobody Hold Me Down", also peaked atop the chart, for seven consecutive weeks.

Its fourth single, "Been Around the World", peaked at number two on the Billboard Hot 100, while its fifth, "Victory" peaked within the top 20. On September 7, 2000, the album received septuple platinum certification by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), for sales of 7,000,000 units in the United States. As of 2024, it remains Combs' most commercially successful release.

Track listing
All tracks, with the exception of "I Got the Power", were produced by members of Bad Boy's in-house production team, the Hitmen. The tracklisting was slightly altered on the album's clean version, where it was shortened down to thirteen songs.

Notes
 * $undefined$ signifies a co-producer
 * $undefined$ signifies an additional producer
 * $undefined$ signifies an additional music contribution

Sample credits
 * "Victory" contains a sample of "Going the Distance" written and performed by Bill Conti.
 * "Been Around the World" contains samples of "Let's Dance" written and performed by David Bowie, "Feeling Good" written and performed by Roy Ayers, and an interpolation of "All Around the World" written by Lisa Stansfield, Ian Devaney, and Andy Morris, and performed by Stansfield.
 * "What You Gonna Do?" contains samples of "It's Over" written and performed by Eddie Holman.
 * "Don't Stop What You're Doing" contains samples of "Don't Stop the Music" written by Jonah Ellis, Alisa Peoples, and Cavin Yarbrough and performed by Yarbrough and Peoples, and "You Haven't Done Nothin'" written and performed by Stevie Wonder.
 * "If I Should Die Tonight (Interlude)" contains reworked elements of "If I Should Die Tonight" written by Ed Townsend and Marvin Gaye, and performed by Gaye.
 * "Do You Know?" contains samples from "Concentrate" written and performed by the Gaturs, and an interpolation from "Theme from Mahogany (Do You Know Where You're Going To)" written by Michael Masser and Gerald Goffin, and performed by Diana Ross.
 * "Young G's" contains samples from "On the Hill" written and performed by Oliver Sain, an interpolation of "Little Ghetto Boy" written and performed by Donny Hathaway, and samples from "Vapors" written by Marcel Hall, Antonio Hardy, and Marlon Williams, and performed by Biz Markie. It also contains a reworked sample from "Unbelievable", written by Christopher Wallace and Christopher Martin, and performed by the Notorious B.I.G.
 * "I Love You, Baby" contains samples from "Xtabay (Lure of the Unknown Love)" written and performed by Yma Sumac.
 * "It's All About the Benjamins" contains samples from "I Did It For Love" written by Linda Laurie and Terry Etlinger and performed by Love Unlimited. It also contains a reworked sample from "It's Great to Be Here" written by Berry Gordy, Alphonso Mizell, Freddie Perren, and Deke Richards, and performed by the Jackson 5, as well as an interpolation from "Jungle Boogie", written and performed by Kool & the Gang.
 * "Pain" contains samples from "Let's Stay Together" written by Al Green and performed by Roberta Flack.
 * "Is This the End?" contains samples from "Is This the End" written by Michael Jonzun and Maurice Starr, and performed by New Edition.
 * "I Got the Power" contains samples from "Don't Wanna Come Back" written by Joyce Kennedy, Glenn Murdock, Gary Moore, and Jerry Seay, and performed by Mother's Finest.
 * "Friend" contains samples from "Person to Person" written and performed by Average White Band.
 * "Señorita" contains samples from "Little Lady Maria" written and performed by Ohio Players, and "No Me Conviene" written and performed by La India.
 * "I'll Be Missing You" contains samples from "Every Breath You Take" written by Gordon Sumner and performed by the Police, and Adagio for Strings written by Samuel Barber. It also interpolates "I'll Fly Away" written by Albert E. Brumley.
 * "Can't Nobody Hold Me Down" contains an interpolation of "Break My Stride" written by Matthew Wilder and Greg Prestopino, and performed by Wilder. It also samples "The Message" written and performed by Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five, and "Atomic Dog" written by George Clinton, Garry Shider, and David Spradley, and performed by Clinton. The song also contains reworked excerpts from "Big Beat" written and performed by Billy Squier, and samples "Rock with You" written by Rod Temperton and performed by Michael Jackson.

Personnel
Credits for No Way Out adapted from AllMusic.

 * Charles "Prince Charles" Alexander – mixing
 * Deric "D-Dot" Angelettie – associate executive producer, composer, producer
 * Lorrenn Argumendes – assistant engineer
 * Michael Benabib – photography
 * Carlos "6 July" Broady – producer
 * Sean "Puffy" Combs – engineer, mixing, producer, executive producer
 * Bill Conti – composer
 * Lane Craven – engineer, mixing
 * Stephen Dent – engineer, programming
 * John Eaton – engineer
 * Jay Garfield – producer
 * Rasheed Goodlowe – assistant engineer
 * J-Dub – producer
 * Stevie J. – piano, producer, programming
 * Jazz – producer
 * Steve Jones – assistant engineer
 * S. Jordan – composer

 * Michael Lavine – photography
 * Ron Lawrence – composer, producer
 * Al Machera – engineer
 * Tony Maserati – mixing
 * John Meredith – assistant engineer
 * Lynn Montrose – assistant engineer
 * Nasheim Myrick – producer
 * Axel Niehaus – engineer
 * Michael Patterson – engineer, mixing
 * Diana Pedraza – engineer
 * Herb Powers – mastering
 * Kelly Price – vocals
 * Christopher Wallace – executive producer
 * Doug Wilson – engineer
 * Yogi – producer

title: No Way Out (Puff Daddy album)


text:
Dennys

Dennys may refer to:

 * Denny's, a large family restaurant chain of pancake houses in the United States and Canada
 * Joyce Dennys (1893–1991), English cartoonist, illustrator and painter
 * Rodney Dennys (1911–1993), British foreign service operative
 * Dennys Reyes (born 1977), Mexican baseball pitcher with the St. Louis Cardinals

title: Dennys


text:
Talk:Curt Schilling

Jumped on the bandwagon
Jumped on the bandwagon is a POV characterization and should not be in the article. android 79  04:31, August 28, 2005 (UTC)

Same with discussions about whether he "takes himself too seriously." It can never be more than a POV opinion. —Cleared as filed 15:10, August 28, 2005 (UTC)

 * It's the fan's POV as my edit said, which is encyclopedic. If that's POV, then you need to change the part of the article which says, "One of the most dominant pitchers in the game today," because that would also be a POV opinion (plus he's looked horrible this year).  Furthermore, "worst to first" belongs to the '91 Braves, and it's POV to call the '93 pennant run "magical."  Sensation002 21:07, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I agree. Your recent edit removing those POV opinions improves the article. —Cleared as filed 01:05, August 31, 2005 (UTC)

 * If you're going to say something is POV, could you use policy to support your argument, rather than stating your opinion as fact? The policy states that articles should represent "significant minority views."  To say that many people think he takes himself to seriously is representing a significant minority view.  In fact, my original edit juxtaposed that idea with the more appealing idea that it brings him closer to the fans.  Sensation002 02:26, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Unless you've got verifiable sources for those points, this is a moot discussion. android  79  03:44, August 30, 2005 (UTC)

See Also addition
I am not entirely sure if this belongs here, but I put a mention of a charitable event that specifically support Curt's Pitch for ALS, of which Curt Schilling and Ronda Schilling have made appearances at, and Schilling has always been on hand at the presentation of the funds to him. Is this appropriate here? -- Ubergenius 17:07, 21 September 2006 (UTC)

Bloody Sock Incident?
Is Schilling's pitching-while-injured stunt during 2004 ALCS Game 6 missing from this article intentionally? Twenty years from now, if affecianados are asked to recall a specific game Schilling pitched, that one would probably be the most memorable. I assume that's as a much a qualification for 'career highlight' as any. 15:26, 5 October 2005 (UTC)EricN
 * It was previously mentioned in the caption to a photo, but the photo was removed due to concerns about its copyright, along with the caption. Feel free to add something about the bloody-sock game, it definitely belongs. android  79  15:37, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I have added a few brief lines recounting the incident, as it is inarguably a highlight of his career. It is very well covered in the article on the 2004 ALCS, to which this article links. Xinoph 20:35, 6 November 2005 (UTC)

Minor error
Schilling did not appear in Game 3 of 2004 ALDS as stated in the article; he started and won Game 1 but aggravated his ankle injury in the game. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 151.204.241.9 (talk • contribs) 06:11, 5 April 2006 (UTC)

 * He actually lost Game 1...If the Red Sox came back from 3-0 to win series then he could not possibly have won the game. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 173.61.110.14 (talk • contribs) 18:52, 9 March 2011 (UTC)
 * The ALDS is not the World Series not the ALCS. 2004 American League Division Series. -- JHunterJ (talk) 19:06, 9 March 2011 (UTC)

Schilling's faith
I'm a little surprised not to see any mention of Schilling's faith in the article - after the 2004 Series he was open about being a Christian, and I'm sure it plays a significant role in his life off the field. Ataru 00:21, 25 May 2006 (UTC)

everquest
Schilling will be villain in EQ --Monk 05:34, 26 May 2006 (UTC)

Schilling/Ramirez altercation
We really need a reference for this. Especially seeing as there's really only one "Providence newspaper" Counterfit 07:17, 22 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Okay, it's been a while with no reference added. I removing that line until someone actually finds the ProJo article that mentions this happening. Counterfit 04:56, 12 October 2006 (UTC)

Schilling's superstitions/faiths
I'm going to add a segment about curt's many superstitions and faiths, as the title goes. If anyone could get a small clip of him jumping over the foul line going into the dugout, I would greatly appreciate it.

Retirement rumor
I removed this speculation from the main article: There are also rumors that Schilling is said to retire at the end of the 2007 season. He says that he does not wish to play past 40, to preserve his stats. If anyone want to find a citation for it, please do. -- JHunterJ 22:06, 11 July 2006 (UTC)

I've heard him say it repeatedly on the radio, though he's given various reasons (time with family, not wanting to go out looking bad). Here's an indirect reference: http://www.all-baseball.com/firebrand/archives/023976.html ActuarialFellow 16:17, 26 August 2006 (UTC)

Uncited Statement
He took part in a major brawl between the two teams, started by Jason Varitek and Alex Rodriguez, on July 24, 2004.

Shonda Schilling should be mentioned in this article
Not only as Curt's wife but as his partner in the fight against ALS. She's a major part of that too. She should just be mentioned anyway, regardless.71.232.62.13 02:07, 10 May 2007 (UTC)

Dark Horse Teams
The 2004 Red Sox were not a dark horse team. They were one of the hottest teams in baseball entering the playoffs, and while they weren't a unanimous pick to win the Series, they didn't have the underdog status Schilling's Diamondback and Phillies had.

Record for most birds killed with a baseball
Why was this left out? It's an amazing feat! 24.61.24.177 22:16, 14 October 2007 (UTC)
 * It is Randy Johnson you are thinking of.Mwinog2777 (talk) 18:39, 7 August 2008 (UTC)

Invalid citation
The citation to backup the claim that Green Monster Games was not named after the wall at Fenway park references a webpage that does not mention this issue at all. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 141.154.235.211 (talk) 14:34, 21 October 2007 (UTC)

I noticed that as well and it struck me as very strange. I found a more relevant post to link there and updated the reference. I don't see any proof that the poster is Curt Shilling (granted I didn't look very hard) and I feel dirty using a message board as a reference, but hey, I'm just making sure the link it right.99.236.151.246 (talk) 05:52, 26 November 2007 (UTC)

Needed expansion
The page has only one sentence about his involvement in speaking out against steroid use. Considering that he has been probably the most vocal opponent of steroid use from within the game, this should probably be given some more coverage here. Chubbles (talk) 21:14, 13 December 2007 (UTC)

 * I just added a sentence about his views on two specific players. I don't think that really fits into the "political advocacy" section, but like you said, we'll need more than there is to give the controversy its own section. If we're going to claim that he is "probably the most vocal opponent of steroid use from within the game", we'll need good secondary sources making that claim. If we want to make a section called "opposition to steroids" or something like that, it needs to be well-verified and back up any controversial statements. There's a risk of making grand claims that don't jive with reality. On the other hand, it's certainly reasonable to make a "reaction to steroids" section that simply records his claims without any information about others peoples' opinions of his reaction. I'm not trying to be discouraging, because if we can write a good section about his opposition to steroids we absolutely should, but we have to be careful about opening a can of worms.

More immediately, where would this section fit in the article? After "conflicts with media"? After "political advocacy"? It would be just as at home in either place. 24.60.166.137 (talk) 20:50, 15 January 2008 (UTC)

I Wonder
I like the new picture added. The other one showed Schilling a little to old. By the way, does anyone know if Schillings' nickname is Schill.--RyRy5 (talk) 21:35, 1 March 2008 (UTC)

Red Sox Length
I think the details in the red sox section is way to long considering he has only pitched three years as a red sox and given that the section should be more summarized with less details for example if he had a no hit bid but it was broken up that isn't an achievement or something that should be brought up as if it were that important. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Codycod10 (talk • contribs) 03:41, 21 June 2008 (UTC)

 * Well he pitched more then three years for the Sox, as he was on both the 2004, and 2007 World Series teams.--Subman758 (talk) 04:19, 18 September 2009 (UTC)

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Related article
I cleaned up the article Shonda Schilling a little by taking some stuff out for which footnotes were requested long ago. But does it even deserve an article? If there is anything important about her maybe it should be mentioned here and that article cut out? 199.102.168.8 (talk) 03:51, 26 April 2016 (UTC)

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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070225084734/http://redsox.bostonherald.com/redSox/view.bg?articleid=184552 to http://redsox.bostonherald.com/redSox/view.bg?articleid=184552
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070226025921/http://redsox.bostonherald.com/redSox/view.bg?articleid=184553 to http://redsox.bostonherald.com/redSox/view.bg?articleid=184553
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070817192319/http://redsox.bostonherald.com/redSox/view.bg?articleid=1006577 to http://redsox.bostonherald.com/redSox/view.bg?articleid=1006577
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090428215958/http://38pitches.weei.com/sports/boston/baseball/curt-schilling/general/calling-it-quits/ to http://38pitches.weei.com/sports/boston/baseball/curt-schilling/general/calling-it-quits/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20091001061419/http://38pitches.weei.com/sports/boston/baseball/curt-schilling/general/2009/09/24/curt-schilling-on-dc-discusses-decision-not-to-run/ to http://38pitches.weei.com/sports/boston/baseball/curt-schilling/general/2009/09/24/curt-schilling-on-dc-discusses-decision-not-to-run/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100121153333/http://blogs.suntimes.com/sportsprose/2010/01/curt_schilling_blogs_about_bei.html to http://blogs.suntimes.com/sportsprose/2010/01/curt_schilling_blogs_about_bei.html
 * Added tag to http://38pitches.com/2007/05/09/public-apology/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20071017031327/http://cbs.sportsline.com/mlb/story/9247116/rss to http://cbs.sportsline.com/mlb/story/9247116/rss
 * Added tag to http://38pitches.com/2007/04/27/ignorance-has-its-privileges/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090213062727/http://www.allakhazam.com/story.html?story=11178 to http://www.allakhazam.com/story.html?story=11178
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080708140213/http://www.galbadiax.com/article/2008-01-09/curt-schilling-mmo to http://www.galbadiax.com/article/2008-01-09/curt-schilling-mmo
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20040604091835/http://archive.gamespy.com/interviews/march03/schilling/ to http://archive.gamespy.com/interviews/march03/schilling/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 10:14, 9 December 2017 (UTC)

Vandalism concerns
Schilling reportedly is considering running for Congress, which undoubtedly will increase the levels of IP vandalism to this page. I just reverted some POV pushing IP. Enigmamsg 16:46, 13 August 2019 (UTC)

Strike out to Walk Ratio Quibble.
As of 7/14/21, under "Scouting Report," reference #41 uses archived data (way back machine) rather than current data . Considering the number of pitchers still pitching (2021 season) -- who may or may not finish their careers ahead of Schilling -- it's clear that listing him as "currently fifth" in this article is speculation and misleading. As of the 2021 All-Star break, he's actually #11. Ten years from now, he could be as high as #2 behind Tommy Bond.

Although I made no article edits, I suggest a rephrase indicating that he finished his career in the top five of MLB pitchers in this category. Otherwise, consider changing the reference to use current data or maintain the article daily. Gprobins (talk) 13:53, 14 July 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Curt Schilling


text:
South Asians in Hong Kong

South Asians are part of the Hong Kong society. As of the 2021 by-census, there were at least 101,969 persons of South Asian descent in Hong Kong. Many trace their roots in Hong Kong as far back as when the Indian subcontinent was still under British colonial rule and as a legacy of the British Empire, their nationality issues remain largely unsettled. However, recently an increasing number of them have acquired Chinese nationality.

Nationality and right of abode
South Asians in Hong Kong include citizens of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and a small number of stateless persons and naturalised citizens of the People's Republic of China. As a result, many of them also become British National (Overseas) or British citizens.

British nationality
According to the statistics of the Republic of India's High Level Committee on Indian Diaspora, among Hong Kong residents there are 22,000 Indian citizens and 28,500 non-citizen Persons of Indian Origin (people with origins in British India, including places which lie outside today's Republic of India, and having citizenships of countries other than the Republic of India. Note that this number may include people who consider themselves as Pakistanis, Nepalis, or other South Asian nationalities). The citizenship of Hong Kong residents of Indian descent who lacked Republic of India citizenship was a major point of contention in the years leading up to the handover. Many Indians had settled in Hong Kong, taking it as their only home and naturalising as Citizens of the United Kingdom and Colonies (CUKCs). This status initially made no distinctions between residents of the United Kingdom and elsewhere, but from the 1960s onwards a number of nationality acts successively scraped away the privileges it offered, creating a class of CUKCs who had no right of abode in the United Kingdom itself. Eventually in 1981, these restrictions were codified in a new class of British citizenship, the British Dependent Territories Citizenship (BDTC). Furthermore, as this status would cease to be effective after the 1997 handover, the British government created the new status of British National, a restricted form of British nationality which also did not grant right of abode in the United Kingdom. By 1985, out of about 14,000 Indians settled in Hong Kong, 6,000 were BDTCs.

Unlike the majority people of Chinese descent, who were seen by the incoming Chinese administration as always having been Chinese citizens, the ethnic minorities, including South Asians, would be left only with BN(O) status, which amounted to effective statelessness due to the lack of guarantee of returnability to the United Kingdom or anywhere else and the lack of ability to pass the status on to descendants beyond one generation. With their citizenship in limbo, by the 1990s many Indians in Hong Kong reportedly would not even marry among themselves, preferring to look overseas for potential spouses with foreign passports. Some rich South Asians were granted full British citizenship under the British Nationality Selection Scheme, but the Home Office opposed a blanket grant for fears of the precedent it might set. Younger Indians formed lobbying groups such as the Indian Resources Group to press their case with the British government. They emphasised that their members had not applied for emigration to other countries such as Canada or the United States, and would be unlikely to settle in Britain were they granted citizenship; instead, they intended to remain in Hong Kong and believed that British citizenship would facilitate this aim.

In the end, the British government formally agreed to grant citizenship to any BN(O), BDTC, or other British subject who had no other citizenship on 4 February 1997. Thus, most stateless people of Indian origin were able to obtain British citizen passports. However, confusion over the interaction of British and Indian nationality laws effectively rendered this promise useless in roughly 200 cases, all minors who had acquired Indian citizenship at birth and later became BN(O)s by registration. Indian nationality law provides that any Indian citizen acquiring foreign citizenship by naturalisation or registration loses his citizenship of India; only Indians who acquired foreign citizenship by reason of birth could hold dual citizenship. The Indian government stated that people who had acquired BN(O) status by birth remained Indian citizens until age 18. However, BN(O) status is not acquired by birth, meaning that every single Indian adult or minor who registered as a BN(O) lost his Indian citizenship. Notwithstanding that, the British Home Office used the Indian government's statement as a basis for denying full British citizenship to people who were minors on 4 February 1997; the Home Office misunderstood India's dual citizenship provisions to mean that they were still entitled to Indian citizenship on that date, when in fact they were not. More than a decade after the handover, they have not naturalised as Chinese citizens; instead, they continue to hold only BN(O) passports in hopes of being able to attain the full British citizenship that was promised to them.

Chinese nationality
A small proportion of Indians have availed themselves of naturalisation as Chinese citizens, which according to law can be requested by any Hong Kong permanent resident who has Chinese relatives, who has settled there, or who has other legitimate reasons, and who is willing to renounce all foreign citizenships.

The Nationality Law of the People's Republic of China began to apply in the HKSAR when it was established on 1 July 1997 in accord with Hong Kong Basic Law Article 18 and Annex III, with some differences from the application of the same law in mainland China, due to explanations of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress. That put the Immigration Department in charge of administering the Nationality Law within the SAR.

Although China did not agree to a blanket grant of citizenship to South Asians settled in Hong Kong, it empowered the Hong Kong Immigration Department to naturalise Hong Kong residents as Chinese citizens. Prior to 2002, the Hong Kong Immigration Department discouraged South Asians and other ethnic minorities from taking this course, with immigration officers reportedly refusing to even give them the forms to fill in (thus they would not show up in rejection statistics). It took until December 2002 to see the first case of successful naturalisation application by an ethnic minority resident with no Chinese relatives, an Indian girl, followed by a Pakistani man.

Other high-profile South Asians such as aspiring politician Abdull Ghafar Khan and the wife of Gill Mohindepaul Singh have continued to experience rejections of their naturalisation applications as well, leading to an August 2012 letter of concern from then-Equal Opportunities Commissioner Eden Lam to the Immigration Department. Several affected South Asian residents contacted their legislators seeking relief, leading to a Legislative Council question later that year by Claudia Mo of the Civic Party to Secretary for Security Lai Tung-kwok. Lai's response revealed that from July 1997 to November 2012, Pakistanis and Indians formed more than half of the applicants for naturalisation and had an approval rate higher than Vietnamese or Filipinos, but far lower than the applicant pool excluding those four groups.

Immigration Department statistics provided to the Legislative Council at various times show that from July 1997 to April 2005, only 552 Indian citizens applied for naturalisation as Chinese citizens, while from May 2005 to November 2012, nearly five times as many (2,672) applied. In total, among the 3,224 Indians who applied for naturalisation from July 1997 to November 2012, 2,487 (77.1%) had their applications accepted. Persons of Indian origin who are citizens of China, or any of whose ancestors were ever citizens of China, are not eligible to obtain a Persons of Indian Origin Card.

Those who are born in Hong Kong to stateless parents are entitled to Chinese nationality at birth under Article 6 of the Chinese nationality law.

Languages
The South Asians of Hong Kong are usually multilingual, with many attaining trilingual fluency or more. Most are fluent in both English and a mother tongue (such as Sindhi, Gujarati or Punjabi) and many are fluent in Hindi–Urdu as well. In addition, some may also study Sanskrit, Arabic or (for the Parsis) Avestan for religious reasons. The command of Cantonese is more variable; one 2006 survey of South Asian parents with children attending school in Hong Kong showed that more than 80% were illiterate in Chinese, while 60% could not speak Cantonese at all.

Among respondents to the 2011 Census who self-identified as Indian, 37.2% stated that they spoke English as their usual language, 4.6% Cantonese, and 57.9% some other language. With regards to additional spoken languages other than their usual language, 52.0% stated that they spoke English, 30.7% Cantonese, and 7.0% Mandarin. (Multiple responses were permitted to the latter question, hence the responses are non-exclusive.) 10.8% did not speak English as either their usual language nor an additional language, while the respective figures for Cantonese and Mandarin were 64.7% and 93.0%.

Occupational history
Some famous Indians are Hormusjee Naorojee Mody, Dorabjee Naorojee Mithaiwala, Hari Harilela and Jehangir Hormusjee Ruttonjee who arrived independently in the course of trade from Bombay, Gujarat and Karachi (Sindh).

In the pre-war period, most of the Indians took part in the army. Before the Second World War, nearly 60% of the police forces were Sikhs. Also, some Indians have established businesses in Hong Kong. The Harilela family runs one of the best-known business groups.

After the war, the number of Indians taking up positions at government sections had declined as most of the Indians were no longer citizens of the British colony after India gained independence in 1947. A large number of Sikh policemen left Hong Kong and about 150 Punjabi Muslim and Pathan worked in the police force in 1952. Meanwhile, other Indian communities such as Marwaris and Tamil Muslims came to Hong Kong for trading.

More Indians stepped into the fields like international companies, banking, airlines, travel agents, medical, media and insurance sector. The banking and financial sector had the strongest presence of Indian professionals. Information technology and telecommunications have also interested highly qualified Indians. In the 1950s, tailoring had become an industry that was popular with Indians and around 200 tailoring shops were owned by them at that time. After 2005, there have been a growing number of diamond merchants from Gujarat who have settled in Hong Kong and have formed groups like Tamil Cultural Association (TCAHK), Hong Kong Indian Diamond Association (HKIDA), Sarjan Group, GGHK group and Gujarati Samaj for sports and cultural activities. After 2019 Hong Kong banks closed many business accounts of Gujarati diamond merchants due to fraud and money laundering. It has been difficult for new diamonds merchants to open business bank account due to money laundering ex: nirav modi case: Nirav Modi group's exposure was not limited to only PNB's Brady House branch in Mumbai, as the firms had availed loan facility from its Hong Kong and Dubai branches too, according to an internal report of the bank submitted to investigative agencies. As per the report, Nirav Modi group companies Firestar Diamond Ltd Hong Kong and Firestar Diamond FZE Dubai availed some credit facilities from the Hong Kong and Dubai branches of Punjab National Bank (PNB) as well. Hong Kong banks has been closely monitoring there diamonds business after these cases.

Life in Hong Kong
The Indians scattered and worked in different areas of Hong Kong. Some of them are permanent citizens. They are one of the ethnic minorities in Hong Kong with diverse cultures, languages and religions.

Diversity of work
For most Indians in Hong Kong, occupations vary according to their education level and family status. The majority of them are managers, administrative officers, and specialists in technological fields like engineers.

The percentage of Indians earning less than $4,000 per month or more than $30,000 per month is higher than that in the total working force of Hong Kong, or other South Asian nationalities. This reveals a bimodal income distribution.

Labour legislation in Hong Kong
The Employment Agencies Administration of the Labour Department is responsible for administering Part XII of the Employment Ordinance and the Employment Agency Regulations. They co-operate with some Individual Consulate Generals in Hong Kong to process contracts for workers while the absence of the participation of India may make it more difficult for the Indians to get a job in Hong Kong through the institutions.

Local Indians have integrated well in Hong Kong. They are not only physically rooted in Hong Kong, but also a part of Hong Kong society. They engage in talk shows, dramas, art exhibitions or TV programs. Also, there is a group of Sikhs who set up the Sahib Sri Guru Gobind Singh Ji Educational Trust for the local Indians.

History
Historic links between the India and Hong Kong can be traced back to the founding days of British Hong Kong.

Sikhs soldiers participated at the flag raising ceremony at Possession Point, Hong Kong in 1841 when the Captain Elliot declared Hong Kong a British possession. Sikhs, Parsis and other South Asians made many contributions to the well-being of Hong Kong. The earliest policemen in Hong Kong were Indians (Sikhs) and the present police force still have some few South Asians, as well as Europeans. The top Hong Kong civil servant was once an Indian, Harnam Singh Grewal (a Sikh), whose family history in Hong Kong dates back to the late 1800s, was the Secretary for Transport and the Secretary for Civil Service in the 1980s.

Many of Hong Kong's century old institutions have been founded with considerable South Asian participation, as the following examples suggest. The University of Hong Kong was founded on funds partially provided by an Indian, Sir H.N. Mody, a close friend of the then governor. The 100-year-old Star Ferry was founded by Dorabji Naorojee. South Asians also founded the Ruttonjee Hospital, Emmanuel Belilos (a Baghdadi Jew) was one of the founders of The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, while Sir Lawrence Kadoorie owned the China Light and Power Company. Hari Harilela (a Sindhi) owned the Holiday Inn Golden Mile, while the Chellaram family is in the shipping industry.

Early history
Indian traders and the British East India Company had already commenced commercial activities in Macau (1654) and Canton (1771) long before Hong Kong became a British colony in 1841. At the time when the Union Jack flag was hoisted in January 1841 there were around 2,700 soldiers and 4 merchants from the Indian subcontinent. Indian troops and traders played an important role in the early development of Hong Kong. In the early years of British Hong Kong, the Indian gold mohur and the rupee were legal tender. Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (HSBC) was created in 1864 with 2 Parsees and 1 Indian Jew among the 13 founding committee members. In 1877, 43.24% of goods imported into Hong Kong were from India and 17.62% of exports from Hong Kong went to India. By 1913, trade with India had effectively collapsed with Hong Kong importing just 13.78% from India while exports from Hong Kong were reduced to 2.30%. Indian businessmen were engaged in society building in Hong Kong through significant philanthropic contributions: Hormusjee Nowrojee Mody figured prominently in the founding of University of Hong Kong (HKU). Star Ferry was founded by Abdoolally Ebrahim in 1842 and developed by Dorabjee Naorojee from 1888. Staff for the engineering services of the Kowloon–Canton Railway were recruited from India. Prior to World War II, 60% of the police force were Sikhs from Punjab. In 1949, Jehangir Hormusjee Ruttonjee founded Ruttonjee Sanatorium. Large number of Indians served in the military, police and prison services of British Hong Kong till India gained independence from Britain on 15 August 1947. In 1952 business leaders of the Indian community founded the Indian Chamber of Commerce Hong Kong (ICCHK). It aims to promote and improve the image of Indian trade in Hong Kong and Southern China. As early as 1955, India was asked by Governor Alexander Grantham to weigh-in on China as to the well-being of Hong Kong residents when the colony would revert to China.

Indian Army in Hong Kong
Soldiers of the East-India Company, British Raj and Princely States in the Indian subcontinent were crucial in securing and defending Hong Kong as a crown colony for Britain. Examples of troops from the Indian sub-continent include the 1st Travancore Nair Infantry, 59th Madras Native Infantry, 26th Bengal Native Infantry, 5th Light Infantry, 40th Pathans, 6th Rajputana Rifles, 11th Rajputs, 10th Jats, 72nd Punjabis, 12th Madras Native Infantry, 38th Madras Native Infantry, Indian Medical Service, Indian Hospital Corps, Royal Indian Army Service Corps, etc. Large contingents of troops from India were garrisoned in Hong Kong right from the start of British Hong Kong and until after World War II. Contributions by the Indian military services in Hong Kong suffer from the physical decay of battle-sites,   destruction of documentary archives and sources of information, questionable historiography, conveniently lopsided narratives, unchallenged confabulation of urban myths and incomplete research within academic circles in Hong Kong,  Britain and India. Despite high casualties among troops from the British Raj during the Battle of Hong Kong, their contributions are either minimised or ignored. One exception to this is an article by Chandar S. Sundaram, which details the December 1940 mutiny of Sikh gunners of the Hong Kong and Singapore Royal Artillery (HKSRA). This mutiny was caused by Major-General A.E. Grassett, the officer Commanding British Forces in China ordering all troops under his command to carry and possibly wear steel helmets. At this, Sikhs, whose martial identity was predicated on unshorn hair tied up in a turban, mutinied peacefully. Although the tense situation was defused, anti-British disaffection was found to be present amongst Sikh policemen in Hong Kong. Two of the Sikh "troublemakers" rounded-up by the authorities escaped. Making their way to Japanese-occupied Canton, they asked for transport to Bangkok, where they could join their colleagues in the Indian Independent League, an organization, mainly of expatriate Sikhs, who were dedicated to the expulsion of the British from India, by violent means if need be. This connection eventually led to the formation of the Japanese-sponsored Indian National Army. The use of generic words such as "Allied", "British", "Commonwealth" fails to highlight that a significant number of soldiers who defended Hong Kong were from India. Commonwealth War Graves Commission (CWGC) Sai Wan War Cemetery references the graves of Indian troops as "Commonwealth" soldiers. War office records about the Battle of Hong Kong are yet to be fully released online. Transcripts of proceedings from war tribunals held in Hong Kong from 1946 to 1948 by British Military Courts remain mostly confined to archives and specialised museums.

Hong Kong Happy Valley Hindu and Sikh Cremation Memorial
Located on the hillside behind the Hindu Temple at 1B Wong Nei Chong Road (opposite side from the Happy Valley Racecourse) there exists a Commonwealth War Graves Commission (CWGC) memorial to 8 Hindu and Sikh soldiers whose mortal remains were cremated at the cremation ground behind the Hindu temple. A large white granite obelisk bearing the names of eight Indian soldiers who served in Hong Kong to assist with colonial defence of the Hong Kong garrison during the First World War. As with Commonwealth War Graves Commissions (CWGC) memorials all over the world, the military memorial is open to the general public and access is through the staircase at the rear of the Hindu Temple.

Hong Kong Happy Valley Muslim Cemetery
The Happy Valley Muslim Cemetery contains 24 graves of South Asians from the Indian sub-continent who died during World War I and World War II. Section 1 of the cemetery at Happy Valley contains a special memorial to Muslims who died during both World Wars.

World War II
During World War II, soldiers of the Indian Army were involved in the Battle of Hong Kong. Indian troops were also incorporated within several overseas regiments as for example the Hong Kong Singapore Royal Artillery Regiment which had Sikh gunners.

US Consul Robert Ward, the highest ranking US official posted to Hong Kong at the outbreak of hostilities, bluntly evaluated the performance of Hong Kong Garrison in December 1941: "when the real fighting came it was the British soldiery that broke and ran. The Eurasians fought well and so did the Indians but the Kowloon line broke when the Royal Scots gave way. The same thing happened on the mainland".

Political context
Public sentiment in the Indian subcontinent, solely preoccupied with gaining independence from Britain, made it impossible for the Viceroy of India to obtain political consensus for entry into World War II by British India thereafter; the Indians were reluctant to be drawn into war in Europe and elsewhere for the defence of Britain's colonial territories. The unilateral declaration of India's entry into the war by Viceroy Lord Linlithgow, without consultation with elected leaders of the provincial assemblies in India, led to civil disobedience campaigns and calls for immediate independence from Britain. Some Indians, including soldiers serving overseas as personnel of the British Indian Army, were receptive to calls by Congress President Subhas Chandra Bose to join the Indian National Army of the Indian Independence League. Sikhs serving with the British Indian Army had customarily been permitted to retain their turbans in accordance to their religious traditions. Orders to wear steel helmets issued to Sikh soldiers of the British Indian Army sent to serve in Hong Kong with the 12th heavy regiment of the Royal Artillery Hong Kong Battery - ended in revolt in 1941 with many troops being charged with mutiny. British India participated in the war effort both at the planning stages (Eastern Group Supply Council) and in combat operations throughout Asia.

Battle of Hong Kong
The 5th Battalion of the 7th Rajput Regiment and 2nd Battalion of the 14th Punjab Regiment suffered the heaviest combat losses amongst all troop formations of the British Empire when the Imperial Japanese Army overran Hong Kong. Imperial Japanese Army committed atrocities against Indian civilians and soldiers during the Battle of Hong Kong.

Internment camps in Hong Kong for Indian POWs
Japanese occupation of Hong Kong saw Indians interred in significant numbers at Sham Shui Po Barracks, Argyle Street Camp, Ma Tau Chung, Stanley Internment Camp, North Point Camp and Gun Club Hill Barracks. Indian civilians sent food parcels to POWs interred at Stanley Internment Camp. Indians were posted on guard duty as sentries at internment camps. At the end of February 1942, the Japanese government stated that it held 3829 Indian prisoners of war in Hong Kong out of a total of 10947. Noteworthy Indian POWs who distinguished themselves during internment include Captain Mateen Ahmed Ansari of 5/7 Rajput Regiment and Subedar-Major Haider Rehinan Khan of 2/14 Punjab Regiment. The stories of Indian survivors of the Battle of Hong Kong are yet to be published.

Hongkongers of South Asian origin

 * Hari Harilela, chairman of the Harilela Group
 * Vivek Mahbubani, stand-up comedian and TV presenter
 * Anjali Rao - journalist & TV news program host
 * Sir Hormusjee Naorojee Mody (12 October 1838 – 16 June 1911), businessman; donated a large sum of money to help establish the University of Hong Kong
 * Dorabjee Naorojee Mithaiwala, founder of the Star Ferry
 * Gill Mohindepaul Singh, actor
 * Paul Chater, businessman and philanthropist
 * Bhavna Rai, author of novel "Fate, Fraud, and a Friday Wedding"
 * Nabela Qoser, first non-ethnic Chinese reporter and presenter of Chinese-language news
 * Rejena Simkhada, idol singer and member of Cantopop girl group, Collar

title: South Asians in Hong Kong


text:
Reverse index

Database management systems provide multiple types of indexes to improve performance and data integrity across diverse applications. Index types include b-trees, bitmaps, and r-trees.

In database management systems, a reverse key index strategy reverses the key value before entering it in the index. E.g., the value 24538 becomes 83542 in the index. Reversing the key value is particularly useful for indexing data such as sequence numbers, where each new key value is greater than the prior value, i.e., values monotonically increase. Reverse key indexes have become particularly important in high volume transaction processing systems because they reduce contention for index blocks.

Creating data
Reversed key indexes use b-tree structures, but preprocess key values before inserting them. Simplifying, b-trees place similar values on a single index block, e.g., storing 24538 on the same block as 24539. This makes them efficient both for looking up a specific value and for finding values within a range. However, if the application inserts values in sequence, each insert must have access to the newest block in the index in order to add the new value. If many users attempt to insert at the same time, they all must write to that block and have to get in line, slowing down the application. This is particularly a problem in clustered databases, which may require the block to be copied from one computer's memory to another's to allow the next user to perform their insert.

Reversing the key spreads similar new values across the entire index instead of concentrating them in any one leaf block. This means that 24538 appears on the same block as 14538 while 24539 goes to a different block, eliminating this cause of contention. (Since 14538 would have been created long before 24538, their inserts don't interfere with each other.)

Querying data
Reverse indexes are just as efficient as unreversed indexes for finding specific values, although they aren't helpful for range queries. Range queries are uncommon for artificial values such as sequence numbers. When searching the index, the query processor simply reverses the search target before looking it up.

Deleting data
Typically, applications delete data that is older on average before deleting newer data. Thus, data with lower sequence numbers generally go before those with higher values. As time passes, in standard b-trees, index blocks for lower values end up containing few values, with a commensurate increase in unused space, referred to as "rot". Rot not only wastes space, but slows query speeds, because a smaller fraction of a rotten index's blocks fit in memory at any one time. In a b-tree, if 14538 gets deleted, its index space remains empty.

title: Reverse index


text:
List of awards and nominations received by Whitney Houston

Whitney Houston (1963–2012) was an American singer, actress, and producer. Commonly known as “The Voice”, she is one of the most awarded performers in history. Born in Newark, New Jersey, Houston began her recording career as a session singer in 1978 on recordings by her mother, gospel-soul singer Cissy Houston and producer Michael Zager and performed as a backing vocalist on her mother's band in the cabaret club circuit. Houston spent several years as a fashion model before signing her first recording contract with Arista Records in 1983. Two years later, Houston released her debut album, Whitney Houston, which resulted in Houston winning seven American Music Awards, a Billboard Year-End Award, an MTV Video Music Award, a NAACP Image Award, an Emmy Award and a Grammy Award. Her sophomore album, Whitney, resulted in four American Music Award wins, a Soul Train Music Award and a second Grammy. Her recording of the 1988 Olympic anthem, "One Moment in Time", resulted in Houston winning a second Emmy Award at the Sports Emmy Awards in September of that year. Her 1990 album, I'm Your Baby Tonight, won four Billboard Music Awards.

After the success of her first leading role, in the film The Bodyguard, and its accompanying soundtrack, Houston won a bevy of awards including 8 American Music Awards, 5 Japan Gold Disc Awards, 11 Billboard Music Awards, 5 NAACP Image Awards, 5 World Music Awards and 3 Grammy Awards including Album of the Year and Record of the Year for "I Will Always Love You". Her acting in the role led to several nominations, both unfavorably with three Golden Raspberry Award nominations and favorably with 3 MTV Movie Award nominations, an NAACP Image Award nomination and a People's Choice Award nomination. Houston would win additional music and acting awards for her roles in the films Waiting to Exhale and The Preacher's Wife, including two ASCAP Awards for composing the hit duet, "Count On Me" as well as the Grammy Award nod for Best Written Song for Visual Media, two American Music Awards, several NAACP Image Awards and, with The Preacher's Wife, two Dove Awards. Her work in the Disney musical, Cinderella, led to another Emmy nomination. She earned numerous award wins and nominations for her 1998 studio album, My Love Is Your Love, including the Grammy Award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance for the hit, "It's Not Right but It's Okay" in 2000 and the MTV Europe Music Award for Best R&B. Her last studio effort, 2009's I Look to You, won Houston a Soul Train Music Award nomination and an NAACP Image Award win.

Following her death in 2012, Houston received the Billboard Music Award for the Billboard Millennium Award and the MTV Europe Music Award for Global Icon. In 2013, her debut album, Whitney Houston, was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame, Houston's first recording to do so. That same year, she was inducted into both the Georgia Music Hall of Fame and the New Jersey Hall of Fame. The following year, she was inducted into the Rhythm & Blues Hall of Fame. In 2018, her smash hit, "I Will Always Love You", became her second recording to be inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame. Two years later, that same recording was added to the Library of Congress' National Recording Registry for being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant, and/or inform or reflect life in the United States." That same year, she was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on her first nomination. In May 2023, Houston became one of thirteen inaugural recipients of the Brits Billion Award for earning 1 billion career streams alone in the United Kingdom. A prominent black female entertainer, she was also inducted into the BET Walk of Fame and the Soul Train Hall of Fame.

Guinness World Records
As of 2023, Houston has claimed 31 entries in the Guinness World Records with Houston maintaining 24 of the records.


text:
The Memoirs of an Amnesiac

The Memoirs of an Amnesiac is the autobiography of composer, radio, and television personality Oscar Levant. Published in 1965 by G. P. Putnam's Sons, it a best-seller, following a quarter-century after his first book, A Smattering of Ignorance.

Levant intersperses his reminisces about Hollywood in its heyday with one-liners and pithy quotes by himself and others.

title: The Memoirs of an Amnesiac


text:
Talk:Robert H. McCard

Untitled
I was not signed in when I created this page. Any questions, please ask me. Jehochman 04:34, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

We need a citation to the National Geographic article. I've got a clipping somewhere in the basement. If somebody finds it before I do, please add the reference and any further details to the article. Jehochman (Talk/Contrib) 07:28, 23 April 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Robert H. McCard


text:
Talk:Jeanine Pirro/to do

 * Add text on staffing controversy (bodyguard overtime pay, full-time staff, prosecuter firing, etc.)
 * Add text on tea party controversy
 * Add Text on False Prosecution of Jeffery Deskovic and
 * Add Text on Pirro's support of LGBT issues and the LGBT community. See, for instance, and this segment on Bill O'Reilly's show where she stands up for LGBT kids:  TheSymposium (talk) 09:27, 14 January 2015 (UTC)
 * Remove entire sections of Talk page which are simply unsourced contentious material about living personProfhum (talk) 18:20, 10 January 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Jeanine Pirro/to do


text:
Spinner (wheel)

The spinner on automobile wheels historically refers to knock-off hub nuts or center caps. They may be the actual, or intended to simulate, the design used on antique vehicles or vintage sports cars. A "spinner wheel" in contemporary usage is a type of hubcap or inner wheel ornament, that spins independently inside of a wheel itself when the vehicle is in motion and continues to spin once the vehicle has come to a stop.

Original use

The spinner or "knock-off" originated with Rudge-Whitworth center lock wire wheels and hubs, which were first patented in 1908. The spinner was a threaded, winged nut designed to keep the wheel fastened to the hub. They were screwed on and "knocked on tightly" using a hammer, hence the name "knock-offs". Most setups will feature right-hand threads on the left side of the vehicle, and left-hand threads (rotate clockwise to remove) on the vehicle's right side so the screw-on spinner would stay tightened as the auto was in forward motion. This style of "knock-off" wheel was common on road cars until the development of the lug nut method attaching the wheel.

Spinner hubcaps
The spinner hubcap was introduced into the commercial vehicle and passenger automobile market in the 1930s. Automotive designer Harley Earl expressed a brash philosophy behind his 1950s automobiles that included "glittering spinner hubcaps." During the 1950s and 1960s automobile manufacturers offered simulated wire wheel covers for a look of luxury that featured crisscrossing spokes designed to look like the real wire wheels that were used on vehicles in the 1920s and 1930s. These "spinner-wheel covers" were available on standard as well as featured on custom cars, and lowriders quickly adapted them for their vehicles.

During the early-1960s, the simulated wire wheel covers returned, but with a new look designed to emphasize sportiness with their radiating spokes and center "spinner caps." These classic center spinner caps feature a rigidly mounted propeller-like center element, usually with two or three projecting "blades." They were intended to simulate the knock-off hubs that were used on vintage racing vehicles and classic sports cars where a hammer or special wrench was used on the spinner to release or tighten the wheel to the hub.

These spinner hubcaps were most often an optional appearance upgrade to the standard equipment hubcaps or full wheel covers that attached to stamped steel wheels. Top trim models sometimes included spinner wheel covers as standard equipment to appeal to youthful customers.

In the late 1960s, U.S. Federal safety standards banned the use of protruding bar spinners on automobiles.

Other uses
The mid-1950s Dodge four-bladed "spinner" wheel covers became an icon for the era and also became an item popular to owners to customize their cars.

Spinners were an add-on accessory marketed during the 1950s to decorate regular wheel covers for a custom look. Center spinner hubcaps were also available as original equipment from automakers.

Custom wheels for lowriders also used naked ladies on wheel covers, and these were the first to feature a floating or spinner-type wheel device. A bracket was used to mount to the spindle, so while the lady stood still the wheel spun around. Similarly, the Rolls-Royce Phantom has anti-spinners – the "RR" logo in the center of the hub is mounted on a spinner or gyroscopic mechanism with an offset weight designed to ensure that the logo is always the right way up when the car is parked.

The hubometers used on large trucks, buses, and trailers that appear to be stationary while the wheel is turning to accurately measure the actual distance covered. They are enclosed and float in a liquid with anti-freeze to be functional in severe low temperatures without freezing.

Modern concept

The modern spinner device is a decorative kinetic attachment to the wheel of an automobile. The spinner covers the center of a car's wheel and is designed to independently rotate by using one or more roller bearings to isolate the spinner from the wheel, enabling it to turn while the wheel is at rest.

Legislative bills were proposed in several US states to ban spinner-type wheels and hubcaps that simulate movement even when a vehicle is stopped because they could be disconcerting to other motorists and present a safety hazard.

Spinners were popular during the early-2000s within the hip-hop community of the United States. Since the mid-2000s, they are gradually fading out of vogue in popular culture.

Music
The spinner-type automobile hubcaps were the inspiration for a Detroit-area R&B/soul group, The Domingoes, to rename themselves The Spinners in the late 1950s.

In 1960, Pat Davis recorded the song "Spinner Hub Caps".

In 2003, as spinning rims were in the height of their popularity in hip-hop culture, Three 6 Mafia released the song "Ridin' Spinners". The song title refers to driving while having spinning rims installed on the car. In the first line of the song, DJ Paul urges all the "players out there ridin' spinners" to "stop, and let 'em keep spinnin' baby", and the chorus repeatedly proclaims that the spinners "don't stop". The song was on the album Da Unbreakables, which was certified gold by the RIAA.

"Weird Al" Yankovic's 2006 song White & Nerdy contains the lines "My rims never spin to the contrary / You'll find that they're quite stationary"

title: Spinner (wheel)


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How to Talk Minnesotan

How to Talk Minnesotan is a book by Howard Mohr, a former writer for A Prairie Home Companion. Published in 1987, the book provides examples of stereotypical Minnesotan speech and mannerisms. There was a musical version by Mohr and Drew Jansen (produced at Plymouth Playhouse by Troupe America, Inc.). The book was also adapted as a television special, which was produced by KTCA and first broadcast January 1, 1993.

Some of the things the book covers:
 * Useful phrases such as "You bet", "That's different", and "Whatever"
 * Not accepting food until the third time it's offered
 * The art of waving
 * Hotdishes
 * Loons
 * Talking about cars and starting cars in the winter
 * The Minnesotan "long goodbye"

Much of the material for the book was originally performed as sketches on A Prairie Home Companion. The book also includes fictional ads for improbable businesses such as "Raw Bits Cereal", "Polka Pants", and "Walleye Phone Company".

title: How to Talk Minnesotan


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Yukhon

Yukhon (also Meunsai) was the fifth king of the Lao kingdom of Lan Xang. He was the younger brother of Phommathat, and possibly a minor. He ruled 8 months but Nang Keo Phimpha (the de facto ruler of the kingdom) soon became dissatisfied with his performance as king and planned to have him executed. He fled but was assassinated at Phadao on orders from Nang Keo Phimpha.

title: Yukhon


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Talk:List of islands of Antarctica and the Southern Ocean

Merging
Please see discussion on this page. --millosh (talk (sr:)) 04:36, 28 August 2005 (UTC)


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File:Billy madison poster.jpg

source
Adam Sandler's Billy Madison Poster

Fair use in Billy Madison
Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because:
 * 1) It's a low resolution copy of a Film Poster / VHS or DVD Cover.
 * 2) It doesn't limit the copyright owner's rights to sell the film in any way, in fact, it may encourage sales.
 * 3) Because of the low resolution, copies could not be used to make illegal copies of the artwork/image.
 * 4) The image is itself a subject of discussion in the article or used in the infobox thereof.
 * 5) The image  is significant because it was used to promoted a notable film.

Source

 * 1) Derived from a digital capture (photo/scan) of the Film Poster/ VHS or DVD Cover (creator of this digital version is irrelevant as the copyright in all equivalent images is still held by the same party). Copyright held by the film company or the artist.  Claimed as fair use regardless.

title: File:Billy madison poster.jpg


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/NASCAR Nation

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was KEEP. -Splash 01:49, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

NASCAR Nation
Non notable just because its on TV doesn't mean it deserves to be in an encyclopedia. Wait a few years for this show to develop into something first. As it is now this show is nothing worth having in here.TheDeletator 04:39, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Show has been on for years, and is one of the most popular shows on SPEED Channel.  Just because The Deletator does not watch it doesn't mean the show is not worth being here.  It just needs expanding. Wikipedianinthehouse 04:42, August 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Notable TV show. Nandesuka 05:03, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Any long-running show that airs four nights a week on a widely-available channel should be considered notable.  Thatdog 05:04, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep There's no reason to make this ncyclopedia into a place of censorship--Agricluture 05:08, 28 August 2005 (UTC) Pls note this user was banned 2 minutes after this post for impersonation. TheDeletator 05:31, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Notable television program. Capitalistroadster 11:36, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Even I have heard of this and I explicitly try to forget everything related to NASCAR. Ryan Norton T 15:38, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. It's horribly US centric, as it doesn't mention any foreign channels it's shown on, but I'd have to agree with Wikipedianinthehouse. - Mgm|(talk) 17:28, August 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. JUST NEEDS EXPANSION.Imdaking 20:11:22, 2005-08-28 (UTC)
 * Comment It's a TV Show? I always thought this was where Nascar Dads got their passports from... Karmafist 21:44, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, and cleanup.  ral  315  17:30, August 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Gamer Unlimited

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. --Tony Sidaway Talk 08:43, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

Gamer Unlimited
Non-notable forum, no alexa rank. Flowerparty talk 04:39, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Eventually, every single person in the world will have their own personal internet fan forum. Nandesuka 05:07, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete with prejudice.   Paul Klenk 05:16, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete too small to be notable. Andrew pmk | Talk 05:49, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete ARE YOU A GAMER? Nevermind, nn! Ryan Norton T 15:39, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete -- Public internet forum with 169 members? Need I say more? --Mysidia (talk) 16:10, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, no Alexa rank + 169 members = forum vanity. - Mgm|(talk) 17:23, August 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Non-notable. Amren (talk) 22:40, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete __earth 04:54, August 29, 2005 (UTC)

 * Don't Delete Deleting this would be so stupid, I can't believe someone would make such a stupid poll.Pardon?, 22:40, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Postage stamps and postal history of Vanuatu

This is a survey of the postage stamps and postal history of Vanuatu, formerly known as the New Hebrides, an island group in the South Pacific. Between 1906 and 1980, the islands were an Anglo-French Condominium.

One of the outcomes of this arrangement was that both countries issued their own postage stamps for the islands, although towards the end of the Condominium, there were joint issues with the initials ER (Elizabeth II Regina) for the UK, and RF (République Française) for France.

British issues
The first British issues, in 1908 and 1910, were produced by overprinting stamps of Fiji with "NEW HEBRIDES / CONDOMINIUM". These were followed by a joint issue with the French authorities, inscribed "NEW HEBRIDES" over a design including the coats of arms of both France and Britain and denominated in British currency. These were in use for several years, but as the stocks ran out in 1920, the less-popular values had to be surcharged "1d." and "2d.". New stamps in different colours came in the following year, but further surcharges became necessary again, in 1924.

1925 saw another joint issue of nine values similar to the 1911 stamps, but this time both pence and centime denominations appeared on the same stamp. The British version had the pence (or shilling) denomination on the right side, and was printed on the "multiple crown and script CA" watermark paper, while the French version had the centimes on the left, was inscribed "NOUVELLES HEBRIDES", and printed on paper watermarked "R F"; otherwise they appeared identical.

The dual denomination scheme broke down when the value of the French franc declined, and for the next stamp issue, in 1938, the two administrations had simplified matters by using the same currency of "gold francs". The twelve values of the 1938 issues all depicted the same "beach scene", including huts, palm trees, a canoe, and a volcano in the distance. The stamps were inscribed "NEW HEBRIDES" at the top and "CONDOMINIUM" at the bottom. A standard Commonwealth 75th anniversary of the UPU issue followed in 1949, and a definitive issue in 1953. 1956 saw a set of four values commemorating the 50th anniversary of the condominium, and another set of definitives in 1957. Subsequent issues were mostly the common issues of the Commonwealth, with New Hebrides-specific issues appearing from 1967 onwards.

French issues
The first issues of the French, also in 1908 and 1910, were overprints on the stamps of their colony New Caledonia, in 1908 reading just "NOUVELLES HEBRIDES" and in 1910 adding "CONDOMINIUM". The joint issue of 1911, inscribed "NOUVELLES HEBRIDES" with denominations in centimes, was at first printed on British paper, then in 1912 on French paper watermarked "R F". As with the British, surcharged provisionals became necessary in 1920.

French issues of 1925 and 1938 were analogous to their British counterparts, but in 1941, the 1938 stamps were overprinted "France Libre" to signify that the Free French Forces were in control instead of Vichy France.

Postwar issues were generally consistent with British versions, differing primarily in being inscribed in French.

Vanuatu
Modern stamps have been issued under the name Vanuatu since independence in 1980.

Local stamps
In 1897 a local inter-island postal service was started by the Australasian New Hebrides Company for which two local stamps were issued. The service failed and the remaining stock of stamps was later sold to stamp dealers.

References and sources

 * References

 * Sources
 * Stanley Gibbons Ltd: various catalogues
 * Encyclopaedia of Postal Authorities
 * Rossiter, Stuart & John Flower. The Stamp Atlas. London: Macdonald, 1986. ISBN 0-356-10862-7


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Romney, West Virginia, in the American Civil War

The town of Romney, Virginia (now West Virginia), traded hands between the Union Army and Confederate States Army no fewer than 10 times during the American Civil War, assuming the occupying force spent at least one night in the town. (Oral tradition and an erroneous state historical marker claim the town changed hands 56 times.) The story of the small town is emblematic of the many military campaigns that swept through western Virginia and, later, the new state of West Virginia.

1861

 * Union Col. Lewis "Lew" Wallace, in command of the 11th Indiana Zouaves, occupied Romney for a few hours on June 13.
 * The next day, Col. Ambrose P. Hill's Confederates occupied the town.
 * Confederate Col. John C. Vaughn of the 3rd Tennessee was apparently stationed in Romney, from which, under orders of A.P. Hill of the 13th Virginia Infantry, he attacked Federal forces at New Creek on June 18.
 * Confederate Capt. Turner Ashby established the headquarters of the 7th Virginia Cavalry at "Camp Washington" on the George W. Washington farm, "Ridgedale," immediately north of Hanging Rocks and across the South Branch Potomac River from Wire Bridge.
 * In July, Col. A. C. Cummings of Brig. Gen. Thomas J. Jackson's command that had fought at the First Battle of Manassas occupied Romney.
 * In August, the Virginia Argus and Hampshire Advertiser weekly newspaper in Romney ceased publication after its closure by occupying Union Army forces.
 * Confederate Col. Angus William McDonald was in command at Romney when it was attacked by Federals on September 23; McDonald had been advised by General Robert E. Lee on September 18 that the Federals were withdrawing from Romney. After feigning an attack through Mechanicsburg Gap, the Federals launched their main attack from Hanging Rock. On September 24, McDonald gave way before the stronger Federal force, but retook the town the next day as the disorganized enemy retreated across the South Branch bridge toward Keyser. Federal forces consisted of the 4th Ohio and 8th Ohio Infantry and some members of the Ringgold Cavalry under Capt. John Keys; Confederate forces were the 114th and 77th Virginia militia regiments.
 * On October 24, Federal Ohio and Virginia infantry (with some light artillery and Ringgold Cavalry) attacked through Mechanicsburg Gap; on October 26 the Confederate defenders fled. There was a skirmish at Wire Bridge as part of this assault. It was as a result of this Federal success that Col. Benjamin F. Kelley issued his "Address to the People of Hampshire County and the Upper Potomac". For a time after this, Federals under the command of Col. Samuel H. Dunning of the 5th Ohio Infantry occupied Romney.

1862

 * On January 7, an advance guard of Confederates was defeated by about 2,000 Federals under Colonel Dunning at Blue's Gap.
 * On January 10, Federal troops under Frederick W. Lander evacuated Romney and Confederate cavalry under the command of Captains George F. Sheetz and E. H. Shans occupied the town; Brig. Gen. William W. Loring was placed in command and "Stonewall" Jackson returned to Winchester. This set the stage for General Jackson's resignation, which was declined.
 * On February 2 – 4 Confederate General Loring evacuated Romney.
 * On February 7, after General Jackson had been forced to withdraw his units to Winchester, Federal forces under General Lander reoccupied the town and later broke up "the rebel nest at Bloomery Gap."
 * Following apparent occupation by Confederates in the spring, Union Lt. Col. Stephen W. Downey of the 3rd Maryland Infantry, Potomac Home Brigade took command of Federal troops at Romney on March 3; in early May, Downey left his troops there and received a new command in Pendleton County.
 * From April 24 – 28, the Federal Ringgold and Washington Cavalry were stationed in Romney.
 * During early 1862, Blenker's Federal division marched through Romney.
 * On June 13, the Federal Army occupies Romney after a brief skirmish with the Confederate Army.
 * From September 13 – 15, Confederate Col. John D. Imboden occupied Romney for several days after a Federal withdrawal; he used the opportunity to set a successful ambush for Federal troops about two miles out of town.
 * On October 2 the 1st New York Cavalry passed through Romney.
 * On December 1 the Ringgold Cavalry skirmished with Confederates in Romney.
 * Captain Keys of the Ringgold cavalry was reported to have left Romney on December 22 for Winchester.
 * One week later, Brig. Gen. Robert H. Milroy and his cavalry escort passed through on his way to take command of Federal forces in Winchester.

1863

 * On January 6, Col. Jacob Campbell's 54th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment moved to Romney in pursuit of Imboden.
 * On January 8 (or 11), Col. James Washburn had been ordered by General Kelley to fall back to Romney with his entire Union force; by January 20, Washburn was in Romney with a force of about 1,400 men. Some remained until the middle of March.
 * On April 7, Federals attacked Confederate partisan cavalry commander "Hanse" McNeill near Purgitsville, one day after his successful action at Burlington when he had captured Lt. William F. Speer and eleven of the Ringgold Cavalry's foraging party. Romney was securely in Federal hands at that time and remained so until the Confederates moved into the Shenandoah Valley as part of their second invasion of the North (the Gettysburg Campaign). Campbell's 54th Pennsylvania Infantry participated in the pursuit and victory. The regiment remained in the Burlington area, scouting and capturing guerillas until June 30 when they moved to New Creek. The 54th would return to Romney in late July or early August after participating in the pursuit of the Confederate army's retreat after their defeat at Gettysburg.
 * On June 7, General Lee commanded Imboden's cavalry to move against Romney in order "to attract the enemy's attention in Hampshire County." It is not clear exactly when Imboden took Romney again, for a Federal communication of June 13 implies that Romney was then being abandoned. Local tradition places Captain McNeill's Rangers in Romney around that time.
 * On June 19, the Ringgold Cavalry moved through Romney in one day.
 * On June 21, the Lafayette Cavalry came through Romney.
 * On July 22, Confederate scouts were reported to be moving in the direction of Romney following the assignment of General Imboden to the Valley District. After the retreat from Gettysburg, Confederates occupied the Shenandoah and South Branch valleys for a month or two until the Federals began to move in the area in large numbers. During the following months, Romney may have changed hands several times without official record.
 * On August 4, the Ringgold Cavalry again occupied the town. On August 6 or 7, General Kelley passed through Romney as he moved his headquarters from Hedgesville to New Creek.
 * On November 6, Col. Jacob Campbell's 54th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment left Romney.
 * On November 16, Confederate Captain McNeill with 170 cavalry captured 25 prisoners, 80 wagons, and 255 horses near Burlington; this occurred during a time when General Lee felt that Romney, Petersburg, and Martinsburg were too strongly held for a direct Confederate attack. Lt. Col. John P. Linton and his Federals passed through Romney several times on his way to and from Springfield.

1864

 * On January 5, Fitzhugh Lee passed through Romney, which Maj. Harry Gilmor and Captain McNeill had occupied a few days before; following their departure, Capt. Henry A. Meyers occupied Romney on January 8. Later in the month it was yet again recaptured by Confederates.
 * On February 3, a detachment of Thomas L. Rosser's unit (part of Jubal A. Early's command) entered Romney. In a complicated set of circumstances, Romney was occupied once or twice daily between February 1 and 3 inclusive. A detachment of the 8th New York Heavy Artillery was among the units involved.
 * Sometime after the middle of March, Union cavalry moved through Romney.
 * On May 10, Col. Jacob Higgins, commanding about 500 Federal cavalry, was surprised by detachments of Imboden's cavalry; he tried to rally his men "on the plains of Romney" but was pushed out of town. On May 11 Imboden departed.
 * About two weeks later, the Ringgold Cavalry again passed through town on a scouting mission.
 * About the middle of June, the Ringgolds passed through again.
 * On June 26, part of the Union 6th West Virginia Volunteer Cavalry Regiment scouted Romney.
 * On July 3, the 6th West Virginia Cavalry returned to Romney.
 * On July 4, Confederates rang the Hampshire County Courthouse bell in Romney to announce the approach of Federal scouts. During most of the month of July, McNeill and Harness were in the vicinity of Romney.
 * On July 10, Confederates again briefly occupied Romney.
 * On July 14, McNeill was again in Romney.
 * On July 20, the Federal 6th West Virginia Cavalry again was in town.
 * On August 3, Confederate general John McCausland, returning from his raid on Chambersburg, occupied Romney for two days.
 * On August 6, Confederate scouts stationed at Romney warned McCausland of an impending attack upon his forces by General Averell who came through Romney that day. Averell successfully attacked McCausland at Moorefield and took approximately 420 prisoners.
 * August 9, the 6th West Virginia Cavalry came through Romney; they did again on August 14 and August 17.
 * On August 28 McNeill was said to yet again be in Romney.
 * On November 6, Union scouts passed through town.
 * On November 26, members of the 6th West Virginia Cavalry camped in Romney.
 * On December 25 scouts from 22nd Pennsylvania Cavalry passed through town.

1865

 * On February 5, Union cavalry passed through Romney.
 * On February 21, the Confederate McNeill's Rangers, now under the command of Captain McNeill's son, lieutenant Jessee McNeill, passed through Romney going to and from Cumberland, where they carried out the daring kidnap of Generals George Crook and Benjamin Franklin Kelley.
 * Maxwell and Swisher's History of Hampshire County states that Romney was held for the last time by Confederate forces on April 15, when parts of the companies line(?) and Harness were in the vicinity of Romney. Local tradition states that McNeill's Rangers surrendered at Sycamore Dale near the Romney bridge in May.
 * Edward H. McDonald and George F. Sheetz (two members of the "Laurel Brigade") came through town, escaping from Virginia after General Lee's surrender at Appomattox Court House.

1866–1867

 * June 1, 1867: First decoration of Confederate graves in Indian Mound Cemetery.
 * September 26, 1867: The Confederate Memorial was dedicated to Confederate dead at Indian Mound Cemetery in Romney.

Civil War sites

 * Boxwood residence (c. 1850), East Main Street
 * Boxwood was used as a hospital during the war. It is said that each of the 56 changes between the Northern and Southern armies took place under the great elm tree in the front yard.
 * The Burg residence (c. 1769), US Route 50 at Mechanicsburg Gap
 * The Burg has been in the original family (Williams) for seven generations. It was used as a headquarters by both armies during the war.
 * Davis History House (1798), West Main Street
 * The Davis House was home to the Davis family which sent two sons to fight for the Confederacy and one for the Union. Now a museum, it features Civil War artifacts and period furnishings.
 * Confederate Memorial, Indian Mound Cemetery
 * Fort Mill Ridge Civil War Trenches, US Route 50
 * Hampshire County Courthouse, Main and High Streets
 * Hanging Rocks, WV Route 28
 * Indian Mound Cemetery, West Main Street
 * Liberty Hall residence (1858), West Main Street
 * Traditionally referred to as Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson's headquarters, the house and grounds were used by both Union and Confederate troops at various times during the Civil War. It was built in 1858 by John Baker White, clerk of the circuit and superior court in Hampshire County, who fled to Richmond to escape arrest and served in the Treasury Department of the Confederacy.
 * Literary Hall, Main and High Streets
 * Romney Presbyterian Church (1860), 100 West Rosemary Lane
 * The Presbyterian church was used as a hospital and stable during the Civil War.
 * Sycamore Dale residence (1836), South Branch River Road (CR 8)
 * Referred to in the General Lew Wallace raid of June 12, 1861, Sycamore Dale was built by David Gibson in 1836. The house is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Wallace wrote a portion of Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ here.
 * Taggart Hall (c. 1790s), Gravel Lane and High Street
 * Taggart Hall is currently the headquarters for the Fort Mill Ridge Foundation Museum & Exhibit Center.
 * Valley View residence (1855), Depot Valley Road
 * Washington Bottom Farm residence (1835), Washington Road (CR 28/3)
 * Wirgman Building (c. 1825), East Main Street (demolished)


text: File:No Way Out - Puff Daddy.jpg

title: File:No Way Out - Puff Daddy.jpg


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File:BlackSheep Poster.jpg

Black Sheep Poster

title: File:BlackSheep Poster.jpg