text:
Talk:Thin Lizzy

"First Irishman to achieve fame in the field of rock and roll?"
In the lede, there is a statement that Phil Lintot was the first Irish musician who became famous in rock and roll. While Phil Lintot was a wonderful singer/musician, Van Morrison and The Them predate Thin Lizzy by quite some time. As a rule of thumb, any superlative is ridiculous in any article. 173.186.127.134 (talk) 19:17, 12 April 2017 (UTC)
 * Did you even read the lede? It clearly states: the first black Irishman. ww2censor (talk) 21:25, 12 April 2017 (UTC)

Heavy metal genre
It says on the main page that they are heavy metal, however, only one of their albums, Thunder and Lightning, has the heavy metal tag. Even their songs such as The Boys Are Back in Town, Jailbreak, Whisky in the Jar, etc do not bear the tag either. With this in mind, what makes them heavy metal. The only album of theirs to bear the tag is their final album in the early 1980s. While later configurations of the group do feature members known for heavy metal, they have not released any original metal material under the Thin Lizzy name and so it must be assumed that anything bearing a heavy metal sound (outside of that aforementioned studio album) are merely live albums put together from performances by the touring only version of the group. If anyone has any evidence to contradict my claims or has evidence that supports my claims, please do chime in below. Moline1 (talk) 01:30, 3 April 2021 (UTC)
 * Genres should come from WP:SECONDARY sources, not from looking around Wikipedia at related articles. The cited reference for heavy metal in the infobox is a book that says the band had a "considerable influence on heavy metal". The reference is not saying that the band is heavy metal themselves, but that they influenced other musicians who became metal. We should remove the heavy metal genre from the infobox. Scott Gorham and Harry Doherty write in their book Thin Lizzy: The Boys Are Back in Town (ISBN 9780857128010) that the album Thunder and Lightning contained "overly metallic, un-Lizzy-like moments on it." The authors are saying that the heavy metal elements of that album are atypical of Thin Lizzy. Gorham and Doherty point to John Sykes as the person who brought metal influences into the band. Binksternet (talk) 03:49, 3 April 2021 (UTC)
 * I've always left HM there as, by contemporary comparison, Thunder and Lightning is more or less a HM album. Sykes did bring HM influences into the band at that time, and that influence was atypical of Lizzy's output. That said, Thunder and Lightning was still arguably HM. Of the post-Lynott lineups, sure, they touched on HM at times, particularly the Sykes lineups. But I agree that shouldn't result in the band being tagged as HM. I also agree that influencing HM bands (Metallica etc) does not make Thin Lizzy HM. In my experience, passing editors love to tag Lizzy as HM, and I almost always remove it. It has been applied to Jailbreak, "The Boys Are Back..." etc in the past. I'm happy for it to be removed from this article if that's the consensus. Bretonbanquet (talk) 17:34, 3 April 2021 (UTC)
 * I think it should be removed. If there is only one album featuring the genre, it does not define the band's sound as a whole. It's like defining Lady GaGa's sound as a whole as jazz despite her only release in that genre being the album she did with Tony Bennett. If editors at the Lady GaGa article are saying jazz does not define her whole career just because of that album, then we too should say that heavy metal does not define Thin Lizzy's sound as a whole just because of the Thunder and Lightning album and later live performances probably featuring a metal sound. Moline1 (talk) 18:56, 4 April 2021 (UTC)

AllMusic critic John Dougan's statement is very likely erroneous
In the introduction, it states:

AllMusic critic John Dougan has written that "As the band's creative force, Lynott was a more insightful and intelligent writer than many of his ilk, preferring slice-of-life working-class dramas of love and hate influenced by Bob Dylan, Bruce Springsteen and virtually all of the Irish literary tradition."[4]

Thin Lizzy's first album was released in 1971 and their second album, Shades of a Blue Orphanage in 1972, while Bruce Springsteen's first album, "Greetings from Asbury Park, N.J." was released in 1973. The first two Thin Lizzy albums are the only ones that have similarities with Springsteen's work, so it's very unlikely Lynott was influenced in any way by Springsteen. It's more likely it was the other way around.

Suggestion: There could be a comment stating the possible inaccuracy of Dougan's quote, or his quote should be removed altogether.

79.107.177.26 (talk) 15:28, 28 June 2022 (UTC)

 * In what sense are Thin Lizzy's first two albums the only ones similar to Springsteen's work? Bretonbanquet (talk) 14:22, 29 June 2022 (UTC)
 * Thin Lizzy's first two albums and Springsteen's albums (especially his first ones) have a folk, soft-rock sound and their themes deal mainly with a romantic view of street-city-life and its everyday heroes. Both artists were very likely inspired by Bob Dylan. From their third album onwards, Thin Lizzy moved to a heavier, hard-rock oriented sound and their themes started to also incorporate fantasy and sci-fi. 79.107.177.26 (talk) 12:31, 2 July 2022 (UTC)
 * Lynott's romantic heroes and street rebel imagery continued throughout the 70s and beyond; there were literally dozens of songs along those lines. There was no more fantasy/sci-fi from '73 onwards than there was on the first two records really, i.e. not a great deal. Bretonbanquet (talk) 17:22, 2 July 2022 (UTC)
 * That may be, but musically Thin Lizzy was very different from Springsteen from the third album onwards. Anyway, that doesn't have anything to do with Lynott being (lyrically) influenced by Bruce Springsteen, since he started with this lyrical style 2 years before Springsteen. 79.107.177.26 (talk) 18:30, 2 July 2022 (UTC)

Style and legacy section
Regarding 's recent additions to this section, I thought I'd start a discussion here. The general description touching on genres should be in the lead section, to explain to readers unfamiliar with the band just what kind of music we're talking about, before going too far into anything else. Further explanation of genres can be in the style and legacy section. With regard to the additions about Lynott's techniques, I have a few problems with this piece in particular: "Lynott became known for his unique style of bass playing, utilizing alternate picking to strum eighth notes or triplets. Lynott's hard-hitting rhythmic approach pushed his bass parts to the forefront of the music, often playing on top of the beat and signalling pushed chords". The problem here is that Wikipedia is a general purpose encyclopedia, and this is way too technical for the average reader to understand. Only students of music are going to get this kind of jargon, and it needs to be dumbed down (a lot) for the vast majority of readers. Alternate picking, eighth notes, playing on top of the beat and signalling pushed chords – none of that means anything to me at all, and it doesn't explain why this stuff matters with relation to Thin Lizzy. There needs to be examples of songs in which these techniques are employed, and wikilinks to articles which help explain what this stuff means. Triplets, for example, I understand. Lynott employed triplets a lot – easy to play while singing at the same time – on songs like "Angel of Death". Also, I feel the technical stuff belongs at Phil Lynott rather than here, because you're dissecting his technique as a musician, rather than describing Thin Lizzy. Consider similar sections for other musicians, like Flea, for how this should be handled.

The additions on his lyric writing and singing are fine – easy to understand and very helpful. I don't think Lynott was a unique player though – many bassists play like him, then and now. He was a very clever guy who, while not hugely gifted technically, knew exactly what to play and when, playing for the song rather than ever showing off. Lizzy were better known for the twin lead guitar thing than Lynott's bass, and this section should probably reflect that. Most of all, it should be kept general, and not diverge into musical jargon. Bretonbanquet (talk) 13:19, 28 October 2023 (UTC)

 * I get where you are coming from with the musicial term stuff, I just thought it would be important to include details about Phil's playing since it's a big part of what makes Thin Lizzy so unique. I do believe it's important to include this stuff, just not entirely sure how to dumb it down or make it sound entirely objective Susrage (talk) 14:41, 28 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Also the stuff about genres, I think that putting it in the style section is more fitting because that's where a reader would want to go to get an idea of a band's style. The intro, at least to me, should be more of a brief intro of the bandmembers and how the band was formed. I usually don't see stuff about musical style in the intro on most articles. Susrage (talk) 14:44, 28 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Ok I'll rephrase that, putting a band's style and sound in the intro(at least a brief summation) is fine, I just thought the way it was described in this article was a little too descriptive for an intro, and better suited for the style section. Susrage (talk) 14:47, 28 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Cool, yes, it is hard to make the technical stuff easy to understand, which is probably why it hasn't been done before. Maybe we can figure something out which at least helps to explain some of what that source is talking about. The intro piece is pretty general; it just so happens that Lizzy touched on a lot of genres. The genre sentence is also not sourced, which is sort of okay in the lead, but not in the article body – each genre would need to be sourced. Ideally, the sentence in the lead would be expanded in the style section, with all the sources thrown at it. Bretonbanquet (talk) 15:02, 28 October 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Thin Lizzy


text:
Lesiëm

Lesiëm is a German musical project created in 1999 by the producers Sven Meisel and Alex Wende and active until 2005. The project's music combines elements of rock, pop, electronica, new age, enigmatic and ambient music, as well as Gregorian chant and other choral music. It is frequently compared to French project Era, German musical project Enigma and the Norwegian artist Amethystium. Lesiëm's website makes extensive reference to the group's mystical and spiritual influences.

Lesiëm released its debut album, Mystic Spirit Voices, in 2000. When the album was released in the United States in 2002, it climbed to no. 10 at the U.S. New Age Albums Billboard chart. Lesiëm's second album, Chapter 2, was released in 2001 in Europe, and in the United States in 2003 under the title Illumination, where it reached no. 7. at the New Age Albums Billboard chart.

The first two albums were some sort of prelude for the pop-opera Times, which was Lesiëm's third album (released as Auracle in the United States in 2004). The musicians started their work in March 2002 and finished it in the end of July. The single "Caritas" (featuring Scottish singer Maggie Reilly and Deutsche Oper Berlin) was presented in December 2002 on the philanthropic TV-show of José Carreras, Carreras Gala. In 2005, Lesiëm released its latest songs for a new version of Times, "Morgain" and "Morgause", both also collaborations with Maggie Reilly.

History
Lesiëm was created in Germany by producers Sven Meisel and Alex Wende in 1999 as an eclectic combination of Gregorian chants and choral music with modern genres and soundscapes, especially rock, pop and electronic music. The lyrics in Latin are written by Thomas Pflanz and sung by the all-male Carl Maria von Weber choir in the first two albums and the Deutsche Oper Berlin in the third.

Its first album, Mystic Spirit Voices, was released in January 2000 in Germany and 2002 in the United States, where it reached the number 10 at the Billboard New Age Albums chart.

Lesiëm's second album, Chapter 2, was released in 2001 in Germany and 2003 in the United States under the title "Illumination", ranking at number 7 at the Billboard New Age albums chart. It presented strong ethnic influences with its use of instruments like the duduk, the bagpipe and a second collaboration with South-African singer Lawrence Sihlabeni (following Indalo from the first album) in the track Africa.

Times, Lesiëm's latest work, was released in 2003 in Germany (with a reissue in 2005 featuring two new songs, Morgain and Morgause) and 2004 in the United States under the title "Auracle". It is the only album to feature a mixed-gender choir.

Albums

 * Mystic Spirit Voices, Monopol Records, January 31, 2000 (US-release: Mystic. Spirit. Voices; Intentcity Records, 2002)
 * 1) "Lesiem"	(5:05)	- Wende, A. / Westland, H. / Pflanz, T.
 * 2) "Occultum" 	(3:50)	- Wende, Alex / Pflanz, Thomas
 * 3) "Fundamentum" 	(4:46)	- Wende, Alex / Pflanz, Thomas
 * 4) "Vivere" 	(4:02)	- Wende, Alex / Pflanz, Thomas
 * 5) "Open Your Eyes"	(4:12)	- Wende, A. / Pflanz, T. / Beyers, B.
 * 6) "Indalo" 	(3:54)	- Wende, Alex / Pflanz, T. / Sihlabeni, L.
 * 7) "Liberta" 	(4:26)	- Wende, Alex / Planz, T. / Härtl, M.
 * 8) "Miracle Eyes" 	(4:02)	- Westland, Henning / Pflanz, T. / Pabst, D.
 * 9) "Una Terra" 	(4:12)	- Westland, Henning / Pflanz, Thomas
 * 10) "Mater Gloria" 	(3:52)	- Wende, Alex / Pflanz, Thomas
 * 11) "Veni Creator Spiritus" 	(4:46)	- Härtl, Matthias
 * 12) "Lacrimosa" 	(4:34)	- Härtl, Matthias
 * 13) "Floreat" 	(5:08)	- Westland, Henning / Pflanz, T. / Arison, M.
 * 14) "In Taberna Mori" 	(4:00)	- Härtl, Matthias
 * 15) "Ave Fortuna" 	(5:08)	- Wende, Alex / Pflanz, Thomas
 * 16) "Liberta" (Choir version) 	(4:27)	- Wende, Alex / Planz, T. / Härtl, M.
 * Chapter 2, Monopol Records, Koch, April 12, 2001 (US-release: Illumination; Intentcity Records, 2003)
 * 1) "Agnus Dei" (00:53)
 * 2) "Pater Patriae" (04:07)
 * 3) "Navigator" (03:48)
 * 4) "Africa" (04:08)
 * 5) "Roma" (04:07)
 * 6) "Diva" (03:58)
 * 7) "Aureus" (04:07)
 * 8) "Coloris" (03:28)
 * 9) "Paradisus" (03:27)
 * 10) "Poeta" (04:39)
 * 11) "La Rose" (05:08)
 * 12) "Britannia" (03:58)
 * 13) "Agnus Dei" (00:38)
 * Times, Monopol Records, Epic/Sony, April 4, 2003 (US-release: Auracle; Intentcity Records, April 28, 2004)
 * 1) "Humilitas"   (4:05)
 * 2) "Temperantia"   (4:01)
 * 3) "Caritas"   (4:23)
 * 4) "Fides"   (5:25)
 * 5) "Justitia"   (4:21)
 * 6) "Patientia"   (4:17)
 * 7) "Spes"   (3:49)
 * 8) "Prudentia"   (4:47)
 * 9) "Times"   (4:24)
 * 10) "Invidia"   (4:00)
 * 11) "Vanitas"   (4:41)
 * 12) "Fortitudo"   (4:33)
 * 13) "Bonitas"   (5:53)

Singles

 * Fundamentum, Monopol Records, January 10, 2000
 * Indalo, Monopol Records, June 5, 2000
 * Liberta, Monopol Records, 2000;
 * Africa, Monopol Records, March 21, 2000
 * Navigator, Monopol Records, 2001;
 * Caritas, Epic/Sony, December 16, 2002

Audiobooks

 * Der steinige Weg, Monopol Records, October 21, 2005

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Lesiëm


text: Talk:Time Squad

title: Talk:Time Squad


text: User talk:24.91.227.105

title: User talk:24.91.227.105


text: User:JRM/ProxyBlockBox

title: User:JRM/ProxyBlockBox


text:
Hanging Rock, West Virginia

Hanging Rock is an unincorporated community in Hampshire County in the U.S. state of West Virginia. Hanging Rock is named for the "Hanging Rock" outcrop that hangs over the Northwestern Turnpike (U.S. Route 50). It should not be confused with the plural "Hanging Rocks" over the South Branch Potomac River north of Romney at Wapocomo. Originally, the community of Hanging Rock sprang up in the Henderson Hollow gap of North River Mountain. While only a few buildings of the old hamlet remain, today's Hanging Rock is situated at the intersection of North River Road (County Route 50/21) and Delray Road (West Virginia Route 29) where the North River flows under U.S. Route 50 towards the Cacapon.

On April 16, 1756, Daniel Morgan was wounded during a Native American attack near Hanging Rock while on the road to Winchester. The attack also resulted in the death of his two companions. Morgan managed to remain in his saddle and escaped with neck and mouth wounds towards Fort Edwards on the Cacapon River near Capon Bridge.

The rock formation's vicinity was also the scene of skirmishes between Union and Confederate troops in 1861. This American Civil War engagement is often referred to as "The Battle of Hanging Rocks" or the "Battle of Hanging Rocks Pass."

title: Hanging Rock, West Virginia


text:
Talk:Constitution of South Carolina

Untitled
Is it just me or is Article I, Section 17 a bit strange? Thanx 68.39.174.230 00:17, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Heh, that it is. – Illegitimate Barrister 11:04, 4 August 2015 (UTC)

That it tis, that it tis. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.131.118.221 (talk) 22:33, 30 October 2019 (UTC)

External links modified
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Hi
Um hi 🙂 172.112.3.214 (talk) 04:36, 12 May 2022 (UTC)

Constitution of 1778 - Established Religion
By my reading of the cited constitution (footnote 1), it is not quite accurate to say "all of the preexisting Protestant congregations being amalgamated into a single denomination but denied financial support," rather, they state that each denomination is still recognized as its own respective denomination, just that all Christian Protestant bodies are recognized as representing the established religion of the state, that being Protestantism. 50.225.226.196 (talk) 19:39, 28 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Constitution of South Carolina


text:
Talk:Multi-monitor

Apple's support for multimon
How about info on using dual screens in presentations--one view is used by the speaker and displays notes, the other is shown to the audience. And didn't Apple have multimon support well before Windows? --Jason McHuff 07:34, 20 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes. Apple's had multimon for as long as it's had slots for extra video cards, and OS/2 had it before Windows but the second monitor was text-only - useful for debugging. Actually I've only ever used multiple video card setups - I'd just thought the ones with two kinds of connectors were so you had a choice of which to use. --Jamoche 18:04, 13 May 2006 (UTC)

Image
The apple image is very nice. But the PC image is very ugly. Maybe we should remove PC image and only have Apple. Point is dual monitor, no matter if apple or pc. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Frap (talk • contribs) 16:30, February 4, 2006

i concur Zvesoulis 18:21, 4 February 2006 (UTC)
 * It seems that a neutral point of view isn't being followed here.Jasper Deng (talk) 22:15, 10 March 2011 (UTC)

Increased productivity: Evidence?
So, I'm a "believer" (that more monitors = more productivity); but, I'd like to see some citations on this. Particularly-impressive would be studies that don't have funding from "vested interests" (e.g. monitor-makers). I may be cynical, but I don't find the studies of vested interests to be as persuasive... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 208.201.246.26 (talk • contribs) 19:59, March 28, 2006
 * I agree that it makes me more productive, but I don't have any sources on that ^^; --Disavian 20:26, 28 March 2006 (UTC)
 * I'll cite Bill for you. Shawnc 23:57, 24 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Amazing. Do you also need an evidence that 200Hp are stronger than 100hp. Or to that very stupid is nore stupid than less stupid. O Man, you have too much time91.9.242.57 09:21, 12 June 2007 (UTC)
 * --Is a citation from Microsoft Research sufficient? Slackmaster K 03:28, July 31, 2007 (UTC)

How about this http://www.productivity501.com/large-and-multiple-monitor-study/708/ —Preceding unsigned comment added by 94.30.43.225 (talk) 15:56, 2 April 2011 (UTC)
 * It is not very difficult to find references that more or bigger monitors increase the productivity. I have added some, more can be found here. Audriusa (talk) 07:43, 21 March 2013 (UTC)

Personal Experience-does it count?
I use two seperate computers at my desk, one with moniter's that mirror each other so that my clients can watch me work, if they are there; and the other has side by side so that I can have three different operations going "full screen" at the same time.

I do income taxes and investments, and want more screens up...as many as I can get. Moniters cost $350 each for good 19" jobs. What about cards and other stuff? What is the best setup? As to increased productivity, it is very great. There is no end to benefits...if you are working and have more to do than will get done! Ken 22:19, 13 July 2006 (UTC)
 * No original research pleaseJasper Deng (talk) 20:52, 26 December 2010 (UTC)

One Users Experience of networked Multiple Monitors
I use a laptop and spend time in 3 different office locations regularly, taking my laptop to each one. When I get to my central office, I have 3 networked monitors on my desk and available for my laptops use through MaxiVista. (I am typically wirelessly connected to the network, but sometimes plug in the ethernet cable.) More specifically, I have 2 desktop computers in my office, each powering 2 monitors. I use one computer mostly for video/visual editing, and the other for back up and redundancy purposes, or to crunch numbers when I want to free up my laptop CPU, such as watching streaming videos. By clicking a button on my laptop, 3 of the monitors connected to my desktop computers switch from the output of the computer to extended monitors for my laptop (When I am feeling particularly ambitions, I connect the 4th monitor to my external monitor port on my laptop for a total of 5 monitors, but this is uncommon as 3 19" monitors plus my 15" laptop screen are all I tend to need.)

One advantage of this networked approach to multi-monitors is that I can use my laptop mouse and keyboard to run the computers that are part of the system. I can toggle back and forth between 1) using each external monitor as an extension of my laptop screen, 2) use the monitor to display the original computer that powers it, but use the mouse/keyboard of my laptop to control it, or 3) use the monitor only for the original computer, but remain connected so I can toggle to #1 or #2 at the click of a button. I can also cut and paste from one computer to the other, without transferring files, which is helpful, especially when I am doing research using different programs on different computers to distribute the CPU processing load.

Because of the multiple monitor setup, I often have 5-8 programs running and visible at the same time, which helps me 1) see relationships between information 2) compare how the information is presented, 3) cut and paste between documents/computers with greater ease etc. I am FAR more productive in my multi-monitor office than when I only have my laptop. Teloscientist 19:53, 16 July 2007 (UTC)

This discussion has very little to do with the article. 128.40.71.129 (talk) 14:33, 10 September 2009 (UTC)
 * No original research pleaseJasper Deng (talk) 20:52, 26 December 2010 (UTC)

virtual screenshots
The images of the virtual size of dual screens do not seem useful to me, besides their (possibly intentional) extremely low quality.--MarSch 09:44, 24 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Agreed. Let's can them. --Disavian 00:50, 25 April 2006 (UTC)
 * done --MarSch 08:33, 25 April 2006 (UTC)

"More than Two Monitors" : SLi and Crossfire?
This paragraph gives credit to SLi and Crossfire for why people are expanding beyond two monitors, but I don't agree at all to this. If something should get credit its PCIe with its 2-4 graphic-suitable ports over the old fast AGP + slow PCI combo. If SLi is enabled (perhaps this also goes for CF), you can only have enabled one monitor. To enable the other outputs, the cards have to be in independent mode which kills the entire point of buying two high-end graphics cards. You will only be able to use one GPU to run a single game if you have 1< monitor enabled, which in my oppinion probably make SLi-owners more likely to not have multi monitors. Source : http://www.slizone.com/page/slizone_faq.html#s7 --Brillegeit 00:10, 27 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Its been almost two weeks without comments so I went ahead and updated the article. --Brillegeit 04:15, 10 July 2006 (UTC)

Accuracy: Single PC Multi Monitor
I am concerned with the statement "The latest versions of Windows support a third monitor" Allow me to explain... software to register users runs in the first monitor, then, moving to the right, is a monitor that shows scores to users while playing inside the level. Further right is another monitor for the same purpose. To the far right is a monitor in the lobby that shows a simplified leader board. Significance? Freedomlinux 03:51, 7 February 2007 (UTC)
 * 1) First, which versions are considered recent, especially as new (and future) products are introduced?
 * 2) Second, support for more than two spanned monitors has been available for quite some time, proven by the fact that the computer at Laser Quest in Wyomissing PA USA has four monitors, each an extension of one computer which runs Windows 3.1.
 * If you search in the source,i.e., microsoft support homepage, you will discover that WindowsXP can officially support up to 10 monitors. Personally I have already seen a guy using 5 at the same time. In other words, this is statement is, at least, outdated. I dont care about wikipedia so I am not going  to edit anything but if you really want the thruth, search in the sources not here. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 60.34.175.164 (talk • contribs) 14:01, April 18, 2007
 * You can't handle the thruth. 66.208.12.125 17:46, 21 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Windows 7 and recent Ubuntu versions support as many as four monitors no problems. Audriusa (talk) 07:45, 21 March 2013 (UTC)
 * Microsoft Windows can manage 10 monitors since Windows XP (at least) if you can find a display card that can handle it. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 102.39.116.37 (talk) 11:52, 27 December 2019 (UTC)

Vista Limitations?
It may be worth adding notes on Vista limitations with multiple monitors (see http://www.microsoft.com/whdc/device/display/multimonVista.mspx). --148.134.37.4 17:39, 28 February 2007 (UTC)

The article states: "Products such as MaxiVista allow a modern laptop running Windows to extend their desktop to up to three additional monitors powered by networked computers". This should be removed as Maxivista currently doesn't support Windows Vista WDDM drivers and therefore not the Vista Aero interface. Modern laptops would imply Vista, and that would be inaccurate. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Frishack (talk • contribs) 00:00, 7 December 2007 (UTC)

I believe it is worth pointing out that some bizzare setups are possible, even within Vista. I can provide images and video of Aero Glass working on my properly-configured homogenous multi-adapter display configuration with six monitors and three ATI Radeon x1650's. Slackmaster K 21:42, 9 January 2008 (UTC)

Virtual Display Manager
How about applications that create Virtual Displays? Examples: Matrox Epica: http://www.matrox.com/graphics/en/finent/products/epica/software.php SplitView: http://www.splitview.com Virtual Display Manager: http://www.ishadow.com/Downloads/VDMPreview/tabid/115/Default.aspx —Preceding unsigned comment added by Teknica (talk • contribs) 00:07, September 4, 2007

Dual video mirroring support
Situations exist where it is not possible to change or add a video card. I am current dealing with a piece of automation equipment(VME) that has built in video and no expansion slots. I need to provide dual monitor support. There are devices that provide dual video mirroring support, but this article makes not mention of them. In my opinion, this article is not complete without a reference to such devices. User:garymanning77 2007 08 05 08:42:45 (EST)

Tools section needs expansion
The section right now mentions only Windows. What software options do you have for, say, Mac OS X, Linux, and UNIX? I have no experience in setting up multi-mon configs with those OSs. — EagleOne\Talk 18:32, 20 September 2007 (UTC)

Restructuring
How should this article be restructured? Captain Zyrain 00:54, 26 September 2007 (UTC) : How about ? User:ScotXW t@lk 14:43, 2 July 2014 (UTC)

Multi-monitor user templates
Check out Userboxes/Computing:

Captain Zyrain 05:48, 10 October 2007 (UTC)
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }

RE: More than two monitors > Using monitors of networked computers
The last paragraph implies that Synergy can be used to extend the desktop of one machine onto the monitor of another, much like ScreenRecycler does. This is not the case. Q. Can synergy share the display in addition to the mouse and keyboard?

A. No. Synergy is a KM solution not a KVM (keyboard, video, mouse) solution. However, future versions will probably support KVM. Hopefully, this will make synergy suitable for managing large numbers of headless servers. Quote taken from the Synergy FAQ.

Can someone amend this? --scape 20:34, 13 November 2007 (UTC)

Accuracy: First Multi-Head Supporting PC Game
While I don't have cites handy, I belive, that, contrary to what the article claims, the first PC game to support multiple monitors was a modified version of Quake that could display differing camera views to seperate X windows. Combined with multiple X servers or the Xinerama extension, this fully supported multi head gaming.

I'll try to find some citations.

-- Levi "Karatorian" Aho - 69.87.200.43 (talk) 03:38, 16 April 2008 (UTC)

Doubt that is was officially supported but I have seen the very early flight sims run on multiple monitor setups. This was usually achieved through extra software and using networked PCs to display the extended visual area. This picture has been floating around the 'Net for years.
 * 1) Flight Sim. pic. [] — Preceding unsigned comment added by 124.170.213.247 (talk) 23:19, 25 March 2012 (UTC)

Multiple monitors video player
As the Multi-monitor articles said, there is much limitation on multi-monitor video playback due to graphics card hardware overlay design, although some software such as MatrixDvD Player (from http://www.xj-spark.com) can do this, it seems that there needs some re-design for the old video card architecture. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 219.234.181.211 (talk) 03:34, 13 June 2008 (UTC)

Disadvantages
"Problems can also arise if the user clicks outside of the full-screen application's display area. Clicking in another display has a similar effect to hitting the Windows key or Alt-Tab, causing the desktop or another application to gain focus. The full-screen application loses focus, and may or may not pause any ongoing events in that application depending on how the software is written." This is not a problem with multiple monitors. This same effect will happen to an application on a single monitor when another application is chosen or when "show desktop" is chosen. 64.126.123.98 (talk) 16:13, 12 September 2008 (UTC)bbasch

Some of this section seems to assume the use of Microsoft Windows. Mainly "Windows key or Alt-Tab". This section is also very vague, although if specific details were included they would probably be long winded and not very useful. I think detail ought to be removed. Instead I suggest a general statement along the lines of "full screen applications may behave oddly if they were not designed with multiple monitors in mind." 128.40.71.129 (talk) 14:14, 10 September 2009 (UTC)

Contradicting Facts: maximum supported monitors by Microsoft OS(s)
The last sentences of the ==Display Modes== and ==Commercial Systems== sections specify a different maximum number of display outputs supported by Microsoft Operating System(s), although both limits (10 and 64 respectively) claim that Windows 7 is affected (both "current Microsoft operating systems" and "The latest version of Microsoft Windows" include Windows 7). Some information about this can be found here:, where a Microsoft Moderator stated, "I know a Microsoft guy tested 16 at once, it seems Windows 7 support it." . Redex777 (talk) 17:24, 21 April 2010 (UTC)
 * Agreed. It seems that 10 is what Windows' multi-display manager supports, but 64 is the absolute limit, but there is no citation.Jasper Deng (talk) 20:52, 26 December 2010 (UTC)

PCI bandwidth limitations?
The article suggests that more than 2 monitors is not possible (or at least not practical) with pre-PCIe systems, due to bandwidth limitations of PCI. Given that a 16 MHz NuBus-based Mac can easily handle 3 monitors, i question this assertion. Surely a 100+ MHz PCI-based motherboard can keep up—even with deeper displays. If it can't, i'm inclined to suspect other reasons (like squanderous resource management), unless PCI is really that poorly designed. I dropped a tag in the relevant paragraph. —überRegenbogen (talk) 23:45, 1 August 2010 (UTC)
 * While at it, you added quite a bit of interesting information. Could you add sources to that too please? --Muhandes (talk) 06:23, 2 August 2010 (UTC)

 * I'll leave it for someone else to document this and come up with references, but you're both right: PCI can handle video, but it doesn't have sufficient bandwidth for high-performance video, such as the advanced 3-D graphics common in PC games. It's fine for ordinary desktop applications, Excel wouldn't give you much trouble with it. Don't forget that speed and bandwidth are not the same: the PCI bus might be much faster than NuBus, but you also may be dividing the bus bandwidth between more devices. That same PCI bus is also likely to host soundcards, modems (analog or DSL), ethernet, USB & ATA controllers, etc. You rarely have more than 3 NuBus slots on a Mac, but you frequently had 4-6 PCI slots on a PC, and some devices integrated into the motherboard might be attached to the PCI bus. I'm not clear on whether each NuBus slot had a separate bus, but I know that many NuBus Macs had a dedicated video slot, so one or two of those monitors you speak of may not be riding the NuBus at all. You're right to drop a tag, though; it's a good point that deserves to be cleared up, and will make this a better article. Dementia13 (talk) 21:07, 28 October 2010 (UTC)

 * There are only a few specialty PCI video cards which can run above the 133MBps speed of standard PCI. Having the primary display on AGP and a secondary PCI video card for non high performance graphics works fine. Even if two displays are on the same PCI bus, generally both displays aren't displaying changing graphics at the same time. A 1600x1200 display with 16 bit color is 3.66MB of frame buffer. That's a theoretical maximum of 36 FPS for full screen non hardware accelerated video. The performance impact of the slow PCI bus speed on 3D graphics does not depend on screen resolution and it can vary widely from no negative performance impact to significant impact depending on the game being played and the amount of (or lack of) VRAM on the card. 98.214.160.215 (talk) 04:09, 30 November 2011 (UTC)

Lack of NPOV
Nearly this entire article is written from a IBM PC-compatible hardware running a Microsoft OS POV, hence I've added a POV tag. (And even within that POV it is contradictory but that is covered in other comments.) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.62.29.101 (talk) 04:20, 27 August 2010 (UTC)

 * Not that it really matters, but I don't see how this is a matter of POV, it is a matter of expansion. I changed the tag accordingly. --Muhandes (talk) 06:25, 27 August 2010 (UTC)

 * Agreed. And since nobody's tried to expand the article in almost two years, I've removed the incorrect POV tag. RossPatterson (talk) 17:16, 1 August 2012 (UTC)

A Historical Note: It was, in fact, possible to use two displays in MS-DOS in IBM PCs and clones, albeit in a limited fashion. As originally designed, the PC used a block of 640 kilobytes of memory for running programs; hardware drivers and the system BIOS were in the 384 KB area bounded by A000:0000 and FFFF:FFFF. In particular, this region contained two memory-mapped display areas, a monochrome 80x25 (text) display at B000-B7FF and a 16-color 640x200 pixel-based buffer at C000-CFFF designed for IBM's Color Graphics Adaptor and suitable monitors. Programs could be written to use either region. In practice, most users viewed the color displays only. However, a user with two monitors (on a system with two display adaptors) with one monitor set to text-only mode would see black-and-white text on that monitor, and the regular color display on the other. Generally the text is totally random, but the program may have been designed to display more useful data; programming debuggers frequently used this text buffer, allowing programmers to inspect software variables on one monitor and program output on the second. (Reference: UPPER MEMORY AREA in Wikipedia)

From 1987 onward, EGA and then VGA display adaptors supplanted the original Color Graphics Adaptors, their on-card memory allowing larger displays (640x350 for EGA, several sizes for VGA), and this simple scheme fell out of fashion. Later versions of DOS often gobbled up all available chunks of upper memory, including these display areas, for a variety of drivers and TSR utilities. Modern operating systems make no pretense of using the UMA for any purpose, and the practice of dedicating a single display device to a 32 kilobyte region of core memory has gone into history as completely as Bob Cratchit's goosefeather quill pen.

76.254.18.44 (talk) 07:00, 31 October 2010 (UTC)

 * I ran a BBS under VGA/HGC dual under DOS 6 until 2005. Very handy when doing a configuration on the bigger color screen while following a text on the little yellow one.  A TSR let me paste from one to the other.  The computer is sitting with its two monitors in a stack by my right elbow as I write this.  Umm, which is a general discussion of the topic since there's no reason for my trip dowm memory lane to lead to the article.  Jim.henderson (talk) 01:39, 3 August 2012 (UTC)

What about notebook & laptops?
This article makes almost no mention of notebooks and laptops with multi (usually dual) monitors. I don't just mean a single portable connected to an external while still using its built in internal (1+1=2), or multiple externals supported with an extender device or though DisplayPort daisy chaining (In time even the lowliest cell phone will be able to drive quad HD displays.), but rather notebooks/laptops with built-in dual displays. A google image search for "dual display laptop" and "dual display notebook" shows tons, and not just dual-touchscreen models, but portables with two LCDs. To my knowledge the first on the market was the Xentex Flip-Pad Voyager, a beast of a machine with a price to match. It was either a great innovation, totally insanity, ...or maybe both. Since then, there appears to have been some more models of varying practicality and I'd say it's of a level of significance justifying a "portable computing" (or whatever) section to the article. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 4.254.85.110 (talk) 02:50, 31 January 2011 (UTC)
 * This article has many problems, including being up to date. Agreed.Jasper Deng (talk) 07:18, 31 January 2011 (UTC)

Delete list of supported games
The vast majority of the items on the list are unsourced. I also question the notability of them. Should the list be deleted?Jasper Deng (talk) 21:51, 9 March 2011 (UTC)

 * The better question is why you think you need a source for something that can be verified by trying the game in multi or dual-monitor mode. Did you want a CNN article explaining each one of these? Would a gaming website be a credible source for you? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.164.38.25 (talk) 02:56, 3 April 2014 (UTC)
 * The article AMD Eyefinity contains http://support.amd.com/en-us/recommended/eyefinity-software but you find a gazillion of more games running on huge resolutions e.g. on YouTube. Such a list would become very quickly very extensive and exclude games which we forget about. I see no point in such a list. After all, the games just needs to support a huge resolution. User:ScotXW t@lk 12:40, 2 July 2014 (UTC)

 * Yet still it remains. The section looks pretty terrible and the battlefield ones are clearly original research as the edit even states. Including games that are supported just by virtue of supporting any resolution (ie span) is ridiculous as the list would pretty much include most games from the last 15 years as ScotXW suggested. I think it would be more instructive to list games that either support multiple monitors natively, or those that use a second monitor for something else. World in Conflict and Supreme Commander can both be configured natively to use a second monitor of a different resolution to act as a (mini)map.
 * byo (talk) 04:57, 13 September 2015 (UTC)

OK. Having had another look at it, many of them are not notable and not particular of interest other than forming a list. I am going to remove a lot of them in a week unless anybody has any other suggestions as it looks pretty rubbish as it is. byo (talk) 23:49, 14 September 2015 (UTC) Bang, and the dust is gone byo (talk) 07:57, 17 November 2015 (UTC)
 * Support. I think this fits "an indiscriminate list" fairly well. Hard to maintain, harder to source, and largely unnecessary as mentioned above. If anything, it's just promotional listcruft. Primefac (talk) 00:14, 15 September 2015 (UTC)

Nview
Why does nview redirect here? It is a seperate software package including many things, not a general term. I don't know if nview should have it's own page but it shouldn't redirect here, it's just confusing. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.233.69.107 (talk) 22:29, 12 June 2011 (UTC)

"Multi-monitor" vs. "Dual-monitor"
I've modified the introduction paragraph of the article to reflect the correct usage of the terms "multi-monitor" and "dual-monitor". As "multi-" simply means "any number over one", it is a category rather than a specific number. "Dual-" specifies that a systems has TWO displays, which means that while a dual-monitor is a type of multi-monitor, a multi-monitor is NOT a type of dual-monitor. The two terms are not interchangeable when being used to describe any system other than one with two displays.

The argument could be made that the term "dual-screen" is often used to refer to any multi-monitor, however that does not make it correct. A dual-monitor has a specified number of displays and should not be used to refer to just any multi-monitor system. ThsTorturedSoul (talk) 08:56, 18 October 2011 (UTC)

 * You are correct in stating the truth. Yet technically solutions (=special display controllers) supporting more than dual-monitor are technically less feasible, e.g. AMD Eyefinity only can support two monitors, if they are connected over anything else then DisplayPort, i.e. VGA, HDMI or DVI! But in case you have DisplayPor-Monitors, one graphics card can drive six monitors. The actual problem of the article, is that has became "smeared" and to big. The technical stuff is quite quickly explained: if one card should driver multiple monitor, than its display controller needs to support it. Then the connection is important. And the device driver should facilitate an easy set-up, like e.g. AMD Catalyst does. Then you may need additional support by something like Xinerama or RandR, stupid X11 :-( User:ScotXW t@lk 12:49, 2 July 2014 (UTC)

nVidia driver that supports span-mode
Perhaps state a version number for nVidia drivers that support span mode under Windows XP. I dual boot WinXP/Win7 as I have found a number of games that don't run under Win7 (plus the fact that nVidia refuse to fix their driver & add span mode back in). Maybe even just list them here. I am currently running driver version 190.45 and use span mode with no problems (WinXP or course). Should mention that running an older driver makes it difficult to get support and is generally not recommended (although WinXP isn't supported by Micro$oft anymore either), but I have had no problems running an nVidia 210 video card with this driver.

Just to clear it from the text:

nVidia driver 190.45 — Preceding unsigned comment added by 124.170.213.247 (talk) 23:29, 25 March 2012 (UTC)

Me again, nearly time for a WinXP re-install, so I've been trying slightly newer drivers & checking for span mode (still on nVidia 210 card).

Found drivers at Guru3D.com Ones that support span mode:  190.45 190.62 191.07 195.62 196.21 197.77

Also, out of interest, ran 3Dmark 06 after v191.07 & v197.77 to see if there was a difference. Ended up being about 40 points better in the score, although the CPU was 30 points higher too (maybe from vidia card doing better job ??).

Another thing I have noticed, recently I got a LCD TV with both SVGA & HDMI connectors. When the HDMI is connected to my video card span mode disappears from my multi-monitor options (even when HDMI monitor isn't an active display). My nVidia 210 has SVGA, DVI & HDMI connections.

rewrite
Why not write something similar to AMD Eyefinity for the Nvidia, Intel, Matrox, etc. "solutions"/"brands"/"products" as well? Available, missing or limited support by operating systems or device drivers for them, e.g. AMD Catalyst or KMS driver or Xinerama/RandR, could also be documented there – in the corresponding articles – instead of clotting and bloating this article. Finally this article could concentrate of uses cases, e.g. uses in offices of Stockbrokers, or for Digital audio workstations, for gaming, etc. Available limitations of certain products could be mentioned. User:ScotXW t@lk 13:02, 2 July 2014 (UTC)

Proposed structure
That would mention products and maybe do some averting, but in a clean way. User:ScotXW t@lk 13:02, 2 July 2014 (UTC)
 * 1) Implementation / Realization: the display controllers have to support it, multiple RAMDACs, etc.
 * 2) products
 * 3) AMD Eyefinity
 * 4) Nvidia Surround
 * 5) Matrox: three monitors by graphics cards, additionally product line of Matrox Graphics eXpansion Modules
 * 6) Intel?
 * 7) etc.
 * 8) Adoption
 * 9) Office
 * 10) Stockbrokers
 * 11) Software development, Video game development, programming
 * 12) Artists
 * 13) Film postprocessing
 * 14) Digital image bla
 * 15) Digital audio workstations
 * 16) Gaming

DOS Multi-monitor
Beside the MDA/VGA setup, a PC under DOS could run MDA/VGA/8514A hardware concurrently for a tripple-monitor setup. DESQview could make use of this - programs could be placed on any of the three monitors. The programs running on the 8514A couldn't make the assumption they owned the CGA/VGA address space, otherwise, the output would bleed over to the VGA monitor. 24.51.217.118 (talk) 06:11, 26 July 2016 (UTC)

External links modified (February 2018)
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title: Talk:Multi-monitor


text: User talk:70.190.165.7

title: User talk:70.190.165.7


text:
Glass City Center

The Glass City Center is a performing arts and convention center located in downtown Toledo, Ohio. Opened on March 27, 1987, as the SeaGate Convention Centre, the center's exhibit hall measures 74,520 square feet (207 feet by 360 feet) of space and seats up to 5,100 for a banquet, 9,000 for a meeting, and 4,000 in a classroom configuration. It can be divided into three smaller halls, and when used for concerts with a 60 foot by 40 foot stage, can seat 2,000 (in one of the smaller halls), 3,000 (in two of the smaller halls), or 5,900 (in the entire hall) for concerts, stage shows, and other shows, this so that there are no bad seats in the house. Many of those seats used for concerts are in telescopic risers; there are 18 telescopic units at the arena, set up in sections of six; as a result, there are six sections of riser seating and a total of 3,216 in the risers (536 per section). The center also features 17552 sqft of meeting space.

The facility was the host to the following notable events:

 * Gathering of the Juggalos 2001 (July 13–15, 2001)
 * Mid-American Conference men's basketball tournament (1996-1999, annually)
 * Toledo Ice (ABA) (partial 2005–2006 season)
 * Glass City Rollers (WFTDA) (current tenant)
 * The center was the site of the annual Jehovah's Witnesses beginning in 2005. The group canceled its 2020 meeting due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Park Inn by Radisson hotel attached to the center closed permanently in April 2020. In July, Lucas County Commissioners announced the structure would be renovated to house a 216-room Hilton Garden Inn and 93-room Homewood Suites. They also announced the demolition of the adjacent SeaGate Hotel which has been vacant since 2009.

In February 2022, it was announced that the SeaGate Centre would be renamed as the Glass City Center as part of their renovations to the facility. It features a new, 16,000-square-foot ballroom, along with a redesigned exterior and interior of the building.

title: Glass City Center


text:
Rising of the North

The Rising of the North of 1569, also called the Revolt of the Northern Earls or Northern Rebellion, was an unsuccessful attempt by Catholic nobles from Northern England to depose Queen Elizabeth I of England and replace her with Mary, Queen of Scots.

Background
Elizabeth I succeeded her half-sister Mary I as queen of England in 1558. Elizabeth's accession was disputed due to the questioned legitimacy of the marriage of her parents (Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn), and Elizabeth's own questioned legitimacy due to the Act of Succession 1536. Under Henry VIII and his advisor Thomas Cromwell, power was gradually shifted from regional institutions to royal control. This course was encouraged by Elizabeth's counsellors such as William Cecil and a policy of centralization was the approach favoured by Elizabeth herself at least in regards to the northern border region.

Opponents of Elizabeth looked to Mary, Queen of Scots, the descendant of Henry VIII's sister Margaret. The claims were initially put forward by Mary's father-in-law, King Henry II of France, and Mary upheld them after her return to Scotland in 1561.

Many English Catholics, then a significant portion of the population, supported Mary's claim as a way to restore Roman Catholicism. This position was especially strong in Northern England, where several powerful nobles were Roman Catholics; there had been similar risings against Henry VIII; the Pilgrimage of Grace of 1536 and Bigod's Rebellion of 1537. Supporters of Mary hoped for aid from France (among Scots) and possibly Spain (among English). Mary's position was strengthened by the birth of her son, James, in 1566 but weakened again when she was deposed in July 1567. Following this, she fled to England and at the time of the Rising was in the custody of the Earl of Shrewsbury, on Elizabeth's orders.

Rebellion under Northumberland and Westmorland
The rebellion was led by Charles Neville, 6th Earl of Westmorland, and Thomas Percy, 7th Earl of Northumberland. Seven hundred soldiers assembled at Brancepeth Castle. In November 1569 Westmorland and Northumberland occupied Durham. Thomas Plumtree (see right) celebrated Mass in Durham Cathedral. From Durham, the rebels marched south to Bramham Moor, while Elizabeth struggled to raise forces sufficient to confront them. But, hearing of a large force being raised by the Earl of Sussex, the rebels abandoned plans to besiege York, and captured Barnard Castle instead. They proceeded to Clifford Moor, but found little popular support. Sussex marched out from York on 13 December 1569 with 10,000 men against the rebels' 6,000, and was followed by 12,000 men under Baron Clinton. The rebel earls retreated northward and finally dispersed their forces, fleeing into Scotland.

Leonard Dacre's resistance
A questionable role in the rebellion was played by Leonard Dacre, an early sympathiser of Mary. At the outbreak of the rebellion, he travelled to Elizabeth's court at Windsor to claim the heritage of his young nephew, the 5th Baron Dacre. After the latter's untimely death in 1569, this had descended to his sisters, all married to sons of Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk. Dacre returned to Northern England, ostensibly a faithful partisan of Elizabeth, but his intentions remain unclear.

After the retreat of the rebels, he seized Greystoke Castle and fortified his own Naworth Castle, where he gathered 3,000 Cumbrian troops and tried to keep up the appearance of good relations with the Queen. He held out against a siege of the royal army under Baron Hunsdon but then attacked the retreating army at Gelt River. Though Hunsdon was outnumbered, he charged Dacre's foot with his cavalry, killing 300–400 and capturing 200–300 men. Dacre escaped via Scotland to Brussels, where he died in exile.

Reprisals
Some of the rebels escaped into Scotland. Regent Mar wrote that Agnes Gray, Lady Home, had been a busy worker to receive the rebels. Two of the leaders, the Earls of Northumberland and Westmorland, had fled into Scotland. Northumberland was captured by James Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton, and turned over to Elizabeth in 1572, who had him beheaded at York. After having been hidden at Ferniehirst Castle, Westmorland escaped to Flanders, where he died impoverished. His family lost their ancestral homes and his wife, Jane Howard, also fled to the Continent. She lived the rest of her life under house arrest. Her brother, the Duke of Norfolk, was first imprisoned, then pardoned. He was imprisoned again following the Ridolfi plot in 1571 and finally executed in 1572. Norfolk's treason charges included "comforting and relieving of the English rebels that stirred the Rebellion in the North since they have fled out of the realm." Altogether, 600 supporters of Mary were executed, while many others fled into exile.

Queen Elizabeth declared martial law, exacting terrible retribution on the ordinary folk of the Yorkshire Dales, despite the lack of any popular support for the Earls' Rising, with her demand for at least 700 executions. The victims of this purge were, as a contemporary account said "wholly of the meanest sort of people", so that hardly a village escaped the sight of a public hanging.

In 1570, Pope Pius V had tried to aid the rebellion by excommunicating Elizabeth and declaring her deposed in the papal bull Regnans in Excelsis, but the document did not arrive until the rebellion had been suppressed. The bull gave Elizabeth more reason to view Catholics with suspicion. It inspired conspiracies to assassinate her, starting with the Ridolfi plot.

In 1587, Elizabeth brought Mary, Queen of Scots, to trial for treason; she was convicted by the court and executed.

title: Rising of the North


text:
Talk:Apology (Xenophon)

Untitled
I have added a bit of information regarding the purpose of the composition of Xenophons Apology as well as giving precisions on his sources. DO you think it necessary to list the specialists and their work? It would lengthen the article quite considerably and without much extra interest for the non specialist. i base these affirmations on the introduction to the loeb new translation, of which I currently don't have the refs. Philopanda 00:24, August 26, 2005 (UTC)

December 10, 2005--I was not previously aware that Xenophon was away on the expedition with Cyrus the Younger (a.k.a the Anabasis) at the time of the trial of Socretes. Therefore, I question the accuracy of this information. Can anyone verify this? I suppose it's probably in the text of The Apology, but I don'thave a copy handy and it's been many, many years since I read parts of it. I always thought that the trial of Socretes was before or probably after, the Anabasis.--GestaltG

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as stub, and the rating on other projects was brought up to Stub class. BetacommandBot 13:30, 9 November 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Apology (Xenophon)


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Chemicals/Data book/Gas densities

The following gas densities were calculated from the van der Waals equation using published values of the van der Waals constants. All data as presented in these tables is for materials in their standard state, which is at 25 °C and 100 kPa by definition. If values are given for other conditions, this is explicitly indicated.

Source: Weast, R. C. (Ed.), Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (53rd Edn.), Cleveland:Chemical Rubber Co., 1972.


text:
User:Dasspunk

I've become addicted to lurking the virtual halls of the Wikipedia... I decided it was time to join them even though I have, as yet, not attempted to beat them... though I may change my mind at any moment (you've been warned).

--Dasspunk

Bluegrass Stubs
Since there's no Bluegrass stub category, here's a link to a search that finds them...

 * John Duffey
 * Jim and Jesse
 * Muleskinner
 * J. D. Crowe
 * Peter Rowan (musician)
 * Norman Blake
 * Lloyd_Loar

title: User:Dasspunk


text:
Compliance Week

Compliance Week, published by Wilmington plc, is a business intelligence service on corporate governance, risk, and compliance that features daily news and analysis, a quarterly print magazine, proprietary databases, industry events, and interactive features and forums.

Founded in 2002, the organization is based in Boston, Massachusetts.

Notable columnists

 * Harvey Pitt (1945-2023)

title: Compliance Week


text:
User:Ulisesr

Ulises Robles
Ulises Robles Mellín is an alumni of the Computer Science Department at Stanford University. He got his Bachelor's degree in Computer Science from the University of Baja Californiain 1996. Being the first student from his undergraduate university to have ever studied graduate level education at Stanford University, he got his Master's degree in Computer Science from the latter institution in 2000 with a specialization in Real World Computing. He was born in the coastal city of Ensenada, Baja California and he currently resides in Silicon Valley, California.

His current interests include:

 WEB Development related technologies  User Interfaces Image Processing Medical Imaging Imaging Databases Computer Vision Cartography and Satellite Imaging

After Stanford, he worked in Sunnyvale, California as well as in Mexico for [http://www.yahoo.com Yahoo! Inc] as a Senior Applications Engineer, Advertising Division. He also worked for Tagged Inc, a Social Networking company located in San Francisco. He has also worked for Ebay Inc as a Principal Presentation Engineer, Cloud Computing Division. He has participated in several courses and seminars at the University of California, Santa Cruz, Silicon Valley campus.

title: User:Ulisesr


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Chemicals/Data book/Viscosities

All data as presented in these tables is for materials in their standard state, which is at 25 °C and 100 kPa by definition. If values are given for other conditions, this is explicitly indicated.

Source: Weast, R. C. (Ed.) (1972). Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (53rd Edn.). Cleveland:Chemical Rubber Co.


text:
User talk:Ulisesr

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Also i moved everything from Ulises Robles to your user page because having autobiographies in the article space is considered vanity unless you are notable. Jobe 6  00:23, August 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
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 * Manual of Style

Ulises Robles
Hi, and welcome aboard. You wrote an article about yourself that will be deleted shortly. Please don't take it personally; articles on individuals are acceptable only if the person is notable for some reason. However, what you have written is an excellent start to a user page, and I have moved it there for you. You may of course edit it further, or remove it entirely, but it will be safe where it is now. Looking forward to seeing more articles! Denni ☯ 01:54, 2005 August 26 (UTC)

Image:Ulises2004.jpg listed for deletion
An image or media file that you uploaded or altered, Image:Ulises2004.jpg, has been listed at Images and media for deletion. Please see the to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted. Jordan 1972 (talk) 22:34, 5 October 2008 (UTC)

You are invited to join Stanford's WikiProject!
ralphamale (talk) 22:02, 24 January 2012 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ulisesr


text: User talk:203.12.147.98

title: User talk:203.12.147.98


text:
WEZB

WEZB (97.1 MHz, "B97 FM") is a commercial radio station licensed to New Orleans, Louisiana. Owned by Audacy, Inc., it broadcasts a Top 40 (CHR) radio format. The studios and offices are located at the 400 Poydras Tower in Downtown New Orleans. The station airs the syndicated Kidd Kraddick Morning Show from KHKS Dallas on weekdays.

WEZB has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 100,000 watts. The transmitter site is off Behrman Highway in the city's Algiers neighborhood. The signal covers much of Southeastern Louisiana and South Mississippi. WEZB broadcasts in the HD Radio hybrid format.

History
On September 1, 1945, 97.1 signed on the air as WRCM, the FM simulcast of WJMR (990 AM; WGSO) and sister station to WJMR-TV (now WVUE), all owned by George J. Mayoral. Then, around 1966–67 after the TV station had already been sold, the Supreme Broadcasting Company bought the two radio stations and changed the call signs to WNNR and WNNR-FM. At the time, the stations were located in the Jung Hotel at 1500 Canal Street in downtown New Orleans. WNNR-FM had a power of only 20,500 watts from an antenna 310 feet atop the building, a fraction of its current wattage and antenna height.

On January 2, 1972, EZ Communications acquired the FM station. It became WEZB, part of a chain of Beautiful Music stations such as WEZC Charlotte, WEZR Washington and others owned by EZ. While it was profitable, it was not able to best WWL-FM (now WLMG) in the easy listening format. Briefly in the 1970s when disco music became a popular genre, 97.1 became "Disco 97 FM" on February 8, 1979. However, the disco era was short, with WEZB switching to a rhythmic contemporary format, called FM 97, The Rhythm Of The City. "We had a big party in the Atrium at the Hyatt Regency Hotel", says Jimmy Roberts, B97 FM's first "BJ", the station's version of a DJ. On January 1, 1980, "Baby New Year was dropped from the ceiling and we switched over from being FM 97, The Rhythm Of The City to The New B97 FM."

According to Jackson "Jack Da Wack" Tally, who was also one of B97 FM's first Bee Jocks, in early November 1979, the station slowly started to work more Top 40 music into the playlist and scaled back the rhythmic titles. By the end of that year, the staff was ready for the format change to B97 FM. This station would be a popular Top 40 outlet for years to come, much like "The Mighty 690, WTIX" was in the 1960s and 1970s.

Kent Burkhart, consultant to EZ Communications at the time, states on his website that Dan Vallie was hired on by the company to change the ailing format of WEZB from disco and dance music to Top 40. Bob Reich and Dan Vallie brought in Ken Cooper to do mornings and re-named him Cajun Ken Cooper telling listeners he lived in the "Cooper Dome" One of Cooper's best caricatures was "The Right Reverend Shamus On You" representing "The First Church of the Sacred Gumbo" The New B-97 FM with all the great B-Jocks went to number 1 within a year. Over the years, the name went through minor changes (i.e., "The New B97 FM", "New Orleans' B97 FM", "B97 FM", "97.1 The All New B-97 FM", and "B97 FM, All The Hits!"), the transmitting power was increased, and the antenna was moved to a taller location.

B97 has been New Orleans' top-rated Top 40 outlet for more than 40 years, except for two brief, failed experiments. The first format change was a decision by now-defunct EZ Communications, in which the station changed to a hot talk format in August 1995. It featured The Howard Stern Show and other edgy talk programs. The decision to return to a music format came in Spring of 1996. On June 7, 1996, the station stunted by playing Billy Ray Cyrus' "Achy Breaky Heart" repeatedly for seven hours. At noon that day, the station launched a hot adult contemporary/Adult Top 40 format using the same name "B97 FM." The first song was Hootie & the Blowfish's "Only Wanna Be With You". On July 26, 1998, WEZB returned to its heritage Top 40/CHR format, albeit with a rhythmic lean. In 2002, it returned to its current, mainstream Top 40 approach.

In 1999, Sinclair Broadcast Group sold WEZB and 45 other radio stations to Entercom for $824.5 million.

Hurricane Katrina
WEZB was also a member of the United Radio Broadcasters of New Orleans, an alliance of broadcast stations formed by the joint ventures of WEZB's parent company, Entercom Communications with Clear Channel Communications, during Hurricane Katrina in September 2005.

Past programming and staff
Notable former programs include The Howard Stern Show. Notable former on-air personalities include program director Elvis Duran and sports reporter Bernard "Buddy" Diliberto. 1

title: WEZB


text:
In commendam

In canon law, commenda (or in commendam) was a form of transferring an ecclesiastical benefice in trust to the custody of a patron. The phrase in commendam was originally applied to the provisional occupation of an ecclesiastical benefice, which was temporarily without an actual occupant, in contrast to the conferral of a title, in titulum, which was applied to the regular and unconditional occupation of a benefice.

The word commendam is the accusative singular of the Latin noun commenda, "trust", or "custody", which is derived from the verb commendare ("to entrust").

Granting a benefice in commendam became most common with monasteries, and the commendatory abbot drew a portion of the revenue of the monastery but without fulfilling the duties of the abbot or even residing at the monastery.

History
The establishment of ecclesiastical benefices was a way of guaranteeing the financial stability of the Church. Real property and other goods donated to the Church were erected as a stable fund, and the revenue was attached to a particular office. The parish priest, bishop, or other minister would have the right to receive the income of the benefice to support himself and to cover the expenses related to his ministry.

There is clear evidence that the granting of a benefice in commendam was practised in the fourth century. In a letter written around 379, Ambrose mentions a church which he gave in commendam, while he was Bishop of Milan: "Commendo tibi, fili, Ecclesiam quae est ad Forum Cornelii... donec ei ordinetur episcopus" ("I entrust unto thee, my son, the church which is at the Cornelian Forum... until a bishop is allotted to it").

Temporarily unoccupied church property (ecclesiastical benefice) could be entrusted to the protection of a member of the church, to safeguard and manage it until order was restored and a new permanent holder of the position was granted in titulum. The patron would receive any revenues generated from the property in the meantime. Each of the early basilicas of Rome was under the guardianship of a patron.

The benefice held in commendam could be used to provide a temporary administrator to a church or monastery that was at risk of financial ruin. It also provided a steady income for whoever was nominated, and St. Gregory the Great (590–604) gave vacant monasteries in commendam to bishops who had been driven from their sees by the invading barbarians, or whose own churches were too poor to furnish them a decent livelihood.

In the eighth century, the practice became widely abused when kings claimed the right to appoint abbots in commendam over monasteries, often nominating their own vassals, who were not monks but laymen, as a way of rewarding them. These abbots did not have spiritual care of the monks but did have the right to manage the temporal affairs of the monastery, and some were driven into financial ruin.

When in 1122 the Investiture Controversy was settled in favor of the church, the appointment of laymen as abbots in commendam was abolished. Clergy, however, could still be appointed as commendatory abbots, and the practice was used to provide an income to a professor, student, priest, or cardinal. This cleric would name another man to fulfill the daily responsibilities of the office.

The practice was open to abuse: favored cardinals began to receive multiple benefices, accepting them like absentee landlords, increasing their personal possessions to the detriment of the Church. The arrangements were no longer temporary and could be held for a lifetime. Monastic communities, from which these grants were taken, lost revenues and gained nothing in return, suffering from spiritual and temporal mismanagement.

In 16th-century France, however, the Kings continued to appoint abbots and the nomination of the King’s close relatives to office became commonplace particularly in La Chaise-Dieu.

Church of England
In the Church of England the stipends of bishops and other senior ecclesiastics were sometimes augmented by the stipends of sinecure benefices held in commendam. In 1719 Hugh Boulter succeeded to the deanery of Christ Church, which he held in commendam with the bishopric of Bristol.

These were made illegal by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners Act 1836 (c.77), section 18, which is no longer in force. The Act does not extend to the Isle of Man, but similar provision with respect to the bishop of Sodor and Man was made by the Sodor and Man Act 1838 (c.30), section 3.

title: In commendam


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Chemicals/Data book/Solubility products

All data as presented in these tables is for materials in their standard state, which is at 25 °C and 100 kPa by definition. If values are given for other conditions, this is explicitly indicated.


text:
N-Nitrosonornicotine

N-Nitrosonornicotine (NNN) is a tobacco-specific nitrosamine produced during the curing and processing of tobacco.

Toxicity
It has been classified as a Group 1 carcinogen. Although no adequate studies of the relationship between exposure to NNN and human cancer have been reported, there is sufficient evidence that NNN causes cancer in experimental animals.

Mechanism of action
NNN is metabolized by cytochrome P450, which adds a hydroxy group to either the 2' or 5' carbon on the 5-membered ring. 2'-hydroxylation appears more prevalent in humans, while 5'-hydroxylation is more prevalent in non-primate animals. Upon hydroxylation, the 5-membered ring opens up, allowing the compound to bind to the base of one of the nucleotides.

Synthesis
NNN is a derivative of nicotine that is produced in the curing of tobacco, in the burning of tobacco (such as with cigarettes), and in the acidic conditions of the stomach. Nicotine is converted into nornicotine via nicotine N-demethylase (NND), an enzyme found in the tobacco plant that works by removing the methyl group from the nitrogen on the 5-membered ring of nicotine. From there, Nornicotine undergoes nitrosation (the conversion of organic compounds into nitroso derivatives by gaining a nitrosonium (N=O) group) on that same nitrogen, converting it to NNN.

The nitrosonium group forms from nitrous acid (HNO2) under acidic conditions present in the tobacco curing process. It can also be formed in the stomach when stomach acid reacts with nitrite ions that are typically used as a salt to preserve red meats and inhibit bacterial growth. Nitrous acid becomes protonated on its hydroxy group to form nitrosooxonium. This compound then splits off to form nitrosonium and water.

Symptoms
Symptoms of NNN are similar to those of nicotine poisoning and include irritation at the point of absorption (for example, the gums when dipping tobacco is used), nausea and vomiting, sleep disturbances, headache, and chest pain. The substance is also a known carcinogen, meaning that any exposure to the substance can lead to cancer and is proven to cause esophageal and nasal cancer in animals. There is no known "safe" levels of NNN ingestion in humans due to its carcinogenic activity. However, in mice, the median lethal dose (LD50) is 1g/kg.

In cigarette smoke, NNN has been found in levels between 2.2 and 6.6 parts per million (ppm). The FDA has put limits of nitrosamines in other consumable products (such as cured meats) at levels below 10 parts per billion (ppb).

title: N-Nitrosonornicotine