text:
Serial presence detect

In computing, serial presence detect (SPD) is a standardized way to automatically access information about a memory module. Earlier 72-pin SIMMs included five pins that provided five bits of parallel presence detect (PPD) data, but the 168-pin DIMM standard changed to a serial presence detect to encode more information.

When an ordinary modern computer is turned on, it starts by doing a power-on self-test (POST). Since about the mid-1990s, this process includes automatically configuring the hardware currently present. SPD is a memory hardware feature that makes it possible for the computer to know what memory is present, and what memory timings to use to access the memory.

Some computers adapt to hardware changes completely automatically. In most cases, there is a special optional procedure for accessing BIOS parameters, to view and potentially make changes in settings. It may be possible to control how the computer uses the memory SPD data—to choose settings, selectively modify memory timings, or possibly to completely override the SPD data (see overclocking).

Stored information
For a memory module to support SPD, the JEDEC standards require that certain parameters be in the lower 128 bytes of an EEPROM located on the memory module. These bytes contain timing parameters, manufacturer, serial number and other useful information about the module. Devices utilizing the memory automatically determine key parameters of the module by reading this information. For example, the SPD data on an SDRAM module might provide information about the CAS latency so the system can set this correctly without user intervention.

The SPD EEPROM firmware is accessed using SMBus, a variant of the I2C protocol. This reduces the number of communication pins on the module to just two: a clock signal and a data signal. The EEPROM shares ground pins with the RAM, has its own power pin, and has three additional pins (SA0–2) to identify the slot, which are used to assign the EEPROM a unique address in the range 0x50–0x57. Not only can the communication lines be shared among 8 memory modules, the same SMBus is commonly used on motherboards for system health monitoring tasks such as reading power supply voltages, CPU temperatures, and fan speeds.

SPD EEPROMs also respond to I2C addresses 0x30–0x37 if they have not been write protected, and an extension (TSE series) uses addresses 0x18–0x1F to access an optional on-chip temperature sensor. All those values are seven-bit I2C addresses formed by a Device Type Identifier Code prefix (DTIC) with SA0-2: to read (1100) from slot 3, one uses. With a final R/W bit it forms the 8-bit Device Select Code. Note that the semantics of slot-id is different for write-protection operations: for them they can be not passed by the SA pins at all.

Before SPD, memory chips were spotted with parallel presence detect (PPD). PPD used a separate pin for each bit of information, which meant that only the speed and density of the memory module could be stored because of the limited space for pins.

SDR SDRAM
The first SPD specification was issued by JEDEC and tightened up by Intel as part of its PC100 memory specification introduced in 1998. Most values specified are in binary-coded decimal form. The most significant nibble can contain values from 10 to 15, and in some cases extends higher. In such cases, the encodings for 1, 2 and 3 are instead used to encode 16, 17 and 18. A most significant nibble of 0 is reserved to represent "undefined".

The SPD ROM defines up to three DRAM timings, for three CAS latencies specified by set bits in byte 18. First comes the highest CAS latency (fastest clock), then two lower CAS latencies with progressively lower clock speeds.

DDR SDRAM
The DDR DIMM SPD format is an extension of the SDR SDRAM format. Mostly, parameter ranges are rescaled to accommodate higher speeds.

DDR2 SDRAM
The DDR2 SPD standard makes a number of changes, but is roughly similar to the above. One notable deletion is the confusing and little-used support for DIMMs with two ranks of different sizes.

For cycle time fields (bytes 9, 23, 25 and 49), which are encoded in BCD, some additional encodings are defined for the tenths digit to represent some common timings exactly:

DDR3 SDRAM
The DDR3 SDRAM standard significantly overhauls and simplifies the SPD contents layout. Instead of a number of BCD-encoded nanosecond fields, some "timebase" units are specified to high precision, and various timing parameters are encoded as multiples of that base unit. Further, the practice of specifying different time values depending on the CAS latency has been dropped; now there are just a single set of timing parameters.

Revision 1.1 lets some parameters be expressed as a "medium time base" value plus a (signed, −128 +127) "fine time base" correction. Generally, the medium time base is 1/8 ns (125 ps), and the fine time base is 1, 2.5 or 5 ps. For compatibility with earlier versions that lack the correction, the medium time base number is usually rounded up and the correction is negative. Values that work this way are:

The memory capacity of a module can be computed from bytes 4, 7 and 8. The module width (byte 8) divided by the number of bits per chip (byte 7) gives the number of chips per rank. That can then be multiplied by the per-chip capacity (byte 4) and the number of ranks of chips on the module (usually 1 or 2, from byte 7).

DDR4 SDRAM
The DDR4 SDRAM "Annex L" standard for SPD changes the EEPROM module used. Instead of the old AT24C02-compatible 256-byte EEPROMs, JEDEC now defines a new nonstandard EE1004 type with two pages at the SMBus level each with 256 bytes. The new memory still uses the old 0x50–0x57 addresses, but two additional address at 0x36 (SPA0) and 0x37 (SPA1) are now used to receive commands to select the currently-active page for the bus, a form of bank switching. Internally each logical page is further divided into two physical blocks of 128 bytes each, totaling four blocks and 512 bytes. Other semantics for "special" address ranges remain the same, although write protection is now addressed by blocks and a high voltage at SA0 is now required to change its status.

Annex L defines a few different layouts that can be plugged into a 512-byte (of which a maximum of 320 bytes are defined) template, depending on the type of the memory module. The bit definitions are similar to DDR3.

DDR5 SDRAM
Preliminary table for DDR5, based on JESD400-5 specification.

DDR5 expands the SPD table to 1024-byte. SPD of DDR5 is using the I3C bus.

Extensions
The JEDEC standard only specifies some of the SPD bytes. The truly critical data fits into the first 64 bytes,    while some of the remainder is earmarked for manufacturer identification. However, a 256-byte EEPROM is generally provided. A number of uses have been made of the remaining space.

Enhanced Performance Profiles (EPP)
Memory generally comes with conservative timing recommendations in the SPD ROM, to ensure basic functionality on all systems. Enthusiasts often spend considerable time manually adjusting the memory timings for higher speed.

Enhanced Performance Profiles is an extension of SPD, developed by Nvidia and Corsair, which includes additional information for higher-performance operation of DDR2 SDRAM, including supply voltages and command timing information not included in the JEDEC SPD spec. The EPP information is stored in the same EEPROM, but in bytes 99–127, which are unused by standard DDR2 SPD.

The parameters are particularly designed to fit the memory controller on the nForce 5, nForce 6 and nForce 7 chipsets. Nvidia encourages support for EPP in the BIOS for its high-end motherboard chipsets. This is intended to provide "one-click overclocking" to get better performance with minimal effort.

Nvidia's name for EPP memory that has been qualified for performance and stability is "SLI-ready memory". The term "SLI-ready-memory" has caused some confusion, as it has nothing to do with SLI video. One can use EPP/SLI memory with a single video card (even a non-Nvidia card), and one can run a multi-card SLI video setup without EPP/SLI memory.

An extended version, EPP 2.0, supports DDR3 memory as well.

Intel Extreme Memory Profile (XMP)
A similar, Intel-developed JEDEC SPD extension was developed for DDR3 SDRAM DIMMs, later used in DDR4 SDRAM as well. XMP uses bytes 176–255, which are unallocated by JEDEC, to encode higher-performance memory timings.

Later, AMD developed AMP, an equivalent technology to XMP, for use in its "Radeon Memory" line of memory modules optimized for use in AMD platforms. Furthermore, motherboard developers implemented their own technologies to allow their AMD-based motherboards to read XMP profiles: MSI offers A-XMP, ASUS has DOCP (Direct Over Clock Profile), and Gigabyte has EOCP (Extended Over Clock Profile).

The header contains the following data. Most importantly, it contains a "medium timebase" value MTB, as a rational number of nanoseconds (common values are 1/8, 1/12 and 1/16 ns). Many other later timing values are expressed as an integer number of MTB units.

Also included in the header is the number of DIMMs per memory channel that the profile is designed to support; including more DIMMs may not work well.

All data above are for DDR3 (XMP 1.1); DDR4 specs are not yet available.

AMD Extended Profiles for Overclocking (EXPO)
AMD's Extended Profiles for Overclocking (EXPO) is a JEDEC SPD extension developed for DDR5 DIMMs to apply a one-click automatic overclocking profile to system memory. AMD EXPO-certified DIMMs include optimised timings that optimise the performance of its Zen 4 processors. Unlike Intel's closed standard XMP, the EXPO standard is open and royalty-free. It can be used on Intel platforms. At launch in September 2022, there are 15 partner RAM kits with EXPO-certification available reaching up to 6400 MT/s.

Vendor-specific memory
A common misuse is to write information to certain memory regions to bind vendor-specific memory modules to a specific system. Fujitsu Technology Solutions is known to do this. Adding different memory module to the system usually results in a refusal or other counter-measures (like pressing F1 on every boot).

02 0E 00 01-00 00 00 EF-02 03 19 4D-BC 47 C3 46 ...........M.G.F 53 43 00 04-EF 4F 8D 1F-00 01 70 00-01 03 C1 CF SC...O....p.....

This is the output of a 512 MB memory module from Micron Technologies, branded for Fujitsu-Siemens Computers, note the "FSC" string. The system BIOS rejects memory modules that don't have this information starting at offset 128h.

Some Packard Bell AMD laptops also use this method, in this case the symptoms can vary but it can lead to a flashing cursor rather than a beep pattern. Incidentally this can also be a symptom of BIOS corruption as well. Though upgrading a 2 GB to a 4 GB can also lead to issues.

Reading and writing SPD information
Memory module manufacturers write the SPD information to the EEPROM on the module. Motherboard BIOSes read the SPD information to configure the memory controller. There exist several programs that are able to read and modify SPD information on most, but not all motherboard chipsets.
 * dmidecode program that can decode information about memory (and other things) and runs on Linux, FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, BeOS, Cygwin and Solaris. dmidecode does not access SPD information directly; it reports the SMBIOS data about the memory. This information may be limited or incorrect.
 * On Linux systems and FreeBSD, the user space program decode-dimms provided by i2c-tools decodes and prints information on any memory with SPD information in the computer. It requires SMBus controller support in the kernel, the EEPROM kernel driver, and also that the SPD EEPROMs are connected to the SMBus. On older Linux distributions, decode-dimms.pl was available as part of lm_sensors.
 * OpenBSD has included a driver (spdmem(4)) since version 4.3 to provide information about memory modules. The driver was ported from NetBSD, where it is available since release 5.0.
 * Coreboot reads and uses SPD information to initialize all memory controllers in a computer with timing, size and other properties.
 * Windows systems use programs like HWiNFO, CPU-Z and Speccy, which can read and display DRAM module information from SPD.

Chipset-independent reading and writing of SPD information is done by accessing the memory's EEPROM directly with eeprom programmer hardware and software.

A not so common use for old laptops is as generic SMBus readers, as the internal EEPROM on the module can be disabled once the BIOS has read it so the bus is essentially available for use. The method used is to pull low the A0,A1 lines so the internal memory shuts down, allowing the external device to access the SMBus. Once this is done, a custom Linux build or DOS application can then access the external device. A common use is recovering data from LCD panel memory chips to retrofit a generic panel into a proprietary laptop. On some chips it is also a good idea to separate write protect lines so that the onboard chips do not get wiped during reprogramming. A related technique is rewriting the chip on webcams often included with many laptops as the bus speed is substantially higher and can even be modified so that 25x compatible chips can be read back for later cloning of the uEFI in the event of a chip failure.

This unfortunately only works on DDR3 and below, as DDR4 uses different security and can usually only be read. Its possible to use a tool like SPDTool or similar and replace the chip with one that has its WP line free so it can be altered in situ. On some chipsets the message "Incompatible SMBus driver?" may be seen so read is also prevented.

RGB LED control
Some memory modules (especially on Gaming PCs) support RGB LEDs that are controlled by proprietary SMBus commands. This allows LED color control without additional connectors and cables. Kernel drivers from multiple manufacturers required to control the lights have been exploited to gain access ranging from full kernel memory access, to MSR and I/O port control numerous times in 2020 alone.

On older equipment
Some older equipment require the use of SIMMs with parallel presence detect (more commonly called simply presence detect or PD). Some of this equipment uses non-standard PD coding, IBM computers and Hewlett-Packard LaserJet and other printers in particular.

title: Serial presence detect


text:
Talk:Jacob's ladder (nautical)

Vote for Deletion
This article survived a Vote for Deletion. The discussion can be found here. -Splash 00:42, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Jacob's ladder (nautical)


text:
Talk:Basdeo Panday

Untitled
Please justify your proposed deletions from the article. The changes appear to be nothing more than POV-pushing. Material in Wikipedia should be written from a neutral point of view - you seem to want to delete anything that is critical of the PNM. This is unacceptable - Wikipedia is not a propaganda mouthpiece for a political party. If there was "another side" to the story - if the PNM had replied to any of these criticisms, that material should also be in the article. But AFAIK there was no response to criticism by a wide cross-section of the population. In addition, your implication in your edit summaries that Indo-Trinidadians somehow have fewer rights in Trinidad than do Afro-Trinidadians is unacceptable. You need to leave your racism ouit of any contributions to Wikipedia. Guettarda 00:42, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

!
You seem to enjoy acusing others of the same bias that you yourself are obviouly guilty. Stop doing this. people have to read this.

Ishango
Okay, but why put this in the Basdeo Panday article? Most of what you have should be in other articles: e.g. A Ganga Singh or a Manohar ramsaran article,...

Oh and People,..
'''Please, people! Write something on the life of Manohar Ramsaran, Hamza Rafeeq and especially kamla Bissesar.'''( I think that she now can use an article,...

 * There's a stub on Kamla - Kamla Persad-Bissessar. Guettarda 17:28, 26 April 2006 (UTC)

Removing the articles on Basdeo Panday and Patrick Manning
I think that both the article on Patrick Manning and Basdeo Panday should be removed from Wikipedia. These articles are written in a very unprofessional and non-factual way, and clearly display biases in the writer(s). It is embarrassing to see that people (most likely from Trinidad) are using Wikipedia articles to put forward political views rather than report useful biographical information. Given the political nature and biases that tend to come in writing these kind of biographies, it may be better for these to be omitted from Wikipedia rather than reflecting negatively on Trinidadian politics (and the Trinidadian people who are attempting to describe these). It is really embarrassing as a Trinidadian person aware of the political climate to be reading these articles that are supposed to communicate encyclopedic knowledge, and they certainly seem to be highly unrepresentative of the information this kind of article should convey.

For example, here is an excerpt from the Wikipedia article on Basdeo Panday:

"Now in the last years of his political career, he has been called back to leader the United National Congress a move that would more than likely see Panday face his nemesis the PNM in one final battle. Many have written off the 73 year old Panday but if history is any measure of the man he is not to be written off early. Panday has one more than one occassion demonstrated a capacity for re-invention and an almost pheonix like ability to emerge from the ashes. The final chapter in his incredibe political life is yet to be written."

Is this the quality of article that Wikipedia would like to be providing to the internet public?

Here are two excerpts from the Wikipedia article on Patrick Manning:

"Manning led the PNM to win the 1991 General Elections, and he served as Prime Minister from 1991 to 1995. His first administration was plagued by accusations of corruption by the Opposition. Crime rates increased dramatically. Accusations of links to the drug trade were made when it became known that drug lord Dole Chadee had purchased a car formerly owned by Manning."

"Manning has also been engaged in a long term battle with Trinidad and Tobago's Chief Justice, Sat Sharma. Under Manning's watch both the Leader of the Opposition and the Chief Justice have been charged with criminal offences which many see as a form of political persecution. The only other country in the Commonwealth to have done the same is Zimbabwe under Robert Mugabe." EXACTLY

Again, this type of article does not seem to reflect the information Wikipedia would like to make available as an entry in a knowledge base similar to an encyclopedia.

200.108.16.40 04:06, 24 December 2006 (UTC)Joseph Williams

 * Anyone can edit these articles - they are written and maintained by volunteers. If you don't like them, improve them.  That's all.  Guettarda 13:55, 30 January 2007 (UTC)

A Letter to Joseph Williams
I think that you are right about there being a lot of POV pushing, but cancelling the articles on Basdeo Panday and Patrick Manning is not going to solve the problem. What you should do is delete the parts which are so biased as to one or the other view and fix it with good information. This is our job.

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Substituted at 09:03, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

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WEIGHT issues
Kirk Meighoo has described Panday as "the most important personality in the Independence era after Eric Williams", a characterisation I find appropriate, and yet half of the lead and maybe a quarter of the body is dedicated to a single issue (corruption charges, one of which he was eventually acquitted and the other which has yet to come to trial). To me, this sort of a WEIGHT issue is problematic, especially in a BLP, especially when the focus is on something controversial. Guettarda (talk) 13:17, 20 September 2017 (UTC)

 * And major props to for improving this to the point where the body of the article is only a quarter corruption. It was closer half before her great work here. Guettarda (talk) 13:20, 20 September 2017 (UTC)

 * Thanks! I agree, the lead is pretty bad. Assuming nobody else gets to it, I want to rewrite the lead after I'm done with the body (which is still terrible in some places).  §hanel  03:17, 22 September 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Basdeo Panday


text:
Ella Diehl

Ella Aleksandrovna Diehl (Элла Александровна Диль; born 5 August 1978; née Karachkova; Карачкова) is a badminton player from Russia.

Career
Diehl was selected to join the national team in 1995. She had won girls' doubles silver medal at the 1995 European Junior Championships, and also one silver and two bronze in 1997 in team, girls' singles and doubles respectively.

In her home country Russia, Diehl has won 14 national titles as of 2009. In 2000 and 2008, she competed at the Summer Olympics.

Diehl played at the 2005 World Championships in Anaheim, United States. In the women's singles event she reached the second round before losing to Salakjit Ponsana of Thailand.

In October 2005, Diehl won the women's doubles event at the Scottish International Open in Glasgow, and two weeks later followed this up by winning the women's singles event at the Irish International in Lisburn. The next year she won the Irish International again.

In 2010, Diehl won the bronze medal at the European Individual Championships in Manchester, and in June 2010, claimed the European Tour circuit finals title, beating Susan Egelstaff in the final in three sets. 2010 also saw Diehl beat current world champion Lu Lan of China to reach the semi-final of Swiss Open.

European Championships
Women's singles

European Junior Championships
Girls' singles

Girls' doubles

BWF Grand Prix
The BWF Grand Prix had two levels, the Grand Prix and Grand Prix Gold. It was a series of badminton tournaments sanctioned by the Badminton World Federation (BWF) and played between 2007 and 2017. The World Badminton Grand Prix was sanctioned by the International Badminton Federation from 1983 to 2006.

Women's singles

Women's doubles
 * BWF Grand Prix Gold tournament
 * BWF & IBF Grand Prix tournament

BWF International Challenge/Series
Women's singles

Women's doubles

Mixed doubles
 * BWF International Challenge tournament
 * BWF International Series tournament

Personal life
On 23 June 2007, in Germany, Karachkova married the Swiss junior badminton team coach, Rainer Diehl of Germany, whom she met in 2000. She lives with her husband in Yverdon, Switzerland. There is a child from the first marriage. On 11 October 2011, the duo had a daughter, Lea.

title: Ella Diehl


text:
File:EnglishShepherdRootingOutVoles.jpg

Sable English Shepherd bitch doing one of her jobs, hunting vermin. Copyright 2000 D. Surber

title: File:EnglishShepherdRootingOutVoles.jpg


text:
Abdel Messih El-Makari

Abdel Messih El-Makari (or El-Manahri) (11 November 1892–14 April 1963) was a Coptic Orthodox monk and priest, and a 20th-century Coptic saint. Pope Cyril VI of Alexandria testified as to his holiness and asceticism.

Life
Abdel Messih El-Makari was born in 1892 in the village of Abou Shehata, Matai district, El-Menya governorate, Egypt. His father, Henein, and his mother, Esther, were both Christians. As a young adult, El-Makari left his home town for the Monastery of Saint Samuel the Confessor in el-Qalamun mountain. He did this several times, whereupon his father would come to the monastery to take him back home (events associated with the death of a large number of his father's cattle). His father later relented and allowed him to join Monastery of Saint Macarius in the desert of Scetes (Wadi El-Natrun), becoming a monk.

He later moved to El-Manahra village, Matai. El-Makari was known for his humility and asceticism. It is said that he had the gifts of prescience, discerning of spirits and healing the sick. He was very compassionate and gave everything he was given to the needy.

He died on Easter Sunday morning on 14 April 1963 / 6 (Parmouti 1669 A.M.)

title: Abdel Messih El-Makari


text:
Adikesava Perumal Temple, Kanyakumari

The Adikesava Perumal Temple is a Hindu temple located in Thiruvattar, Kanyakumari district, Tamil Nadu, India and is one of the 108 Divya desams, the holy sites of Hindu Vaishnavism according to existing Tamil hymns from the seventh and eighth centuries C.E. The temple is one of the historic thirteen Divya Deshams of Malai Nadu. The temple is a picturesque setting surrounded on three sides by rivers namely, (River Kothai, River Pahrali and River Thamirabarani) It was the Rajya Temple and Bharadevatha shrine of Erstwhile Travancore. After state reorganisation, the temple handed over to Tamilnadu H&RCE Dept. The presiding Vishnu in the form of Ananthapadmabhan/Adikeshavaperumal is believed to be older than Padmanabhaswamy Temple in Thiruvananthapuram. Since Vishnu resides here in a reclining position, and is surrounded by rivers, the temple is called as "The Srirangam of Chera Kingdom".

The temple was consecrated by Parasurama and is admired by Veda vyasa in the sections which deal with temples in Padma Purana. As per the stone inscriptions which dates back to 779 KE the temple is established in the Treta yuga. The Adikeshava temple is also where Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, founder of the Gaudiya Vaishnava movement, discovered the lost manuscript of the Brahma Samhita.

Architecture and history

The temple architecture is Dravidian style architecture with wooden pillars, doors and roofs. The Temple is surrounded by a thirty-feet-high fort wall. The outer corridor stand on 224 stone pillars. The adjacent forward facing mandapams includes sculptures and art works which depicts events from Ramayana. It also portrays Gods and goddesses from Hindu mythology including Shiva, Parvati and Sri Krishna etc. The lord is lying on his snake couch and has to be viewed through three doors. We could see Lord Shiva near Lord Adikesava Perumal inside the sannidhi. Deepalakshmis are many but none resembles the other. The Otraikkal Mandapam (single stone hall) made of a single stone 3 feet thick, is a marvel. Oorthuva Thandavam, Venugopala, Rathi, Manmatha, Lakshmana and Indrajit are excellently carved. The temple is also renowned for its murals.

The composite columns of Virabhadra holding sword and horn are found be additions of the Vijayanagara kings during the early 1500s. Similar columns of Virabhadra are found in Meenakshi Temple at Madurai, Nellaiappar Temple at Tirunelveli, Kasi Viswanathar temple at Tenkasi, Krishnapuram Venkatachalapathy temple, Ramanathaswamy Temple at Rameswaram, Soundararajaperumal temple at Thadikombu, Srivilliputhur Andal temple, Srivaikuntanathan Perumal temple at Srivaikuntam, Avudayarkovil, Vaishnava Nambi and Thirukurungudivalli Nachiar temple at Thirukkurungudi.

The temple complex includes a Ayyappan temple behind which stands the Ksetra bala Balikkal. It also includes Sree Bali Prakaram and the Yanaikottil. Other deities being located in the south-western corner, the flagmast is located at the west at the Sree Balippura. As per the stone inscriptions in the pedestal of the flag mast it was renovated by Sree Moolam Thirunal Rama Varma VI in 1071 KE. The granite entrance of the Chitra Sabha includes sculptures of the Dwara Palakas, Jaya and Vijaya. Sculptures of Lakshmana and Pathanjali Tandava carved to the left of Sabha Mandapam while that of Indrajith, Muralidhara and Kalabairava are carved to the right. The image of the chief deity in his sayana posture, is sculpted on the wooden entrance door. Vatteluttu incriptions of Shilpa Shastra are found in adjacent walls. It also includes details about the 11th century Chola King Rajendra Chola.

Sculptures of Rati and Manmadan is found opposite Udaya Marthanda Mandapam. The epic scenes Vinayaka Kalyanam, Bharata War and deities Varuna, Niriyati, Yama, Kubera, Indra, Agni, Brahma and Monks in penance are sculpted in a row above the Mandapam. A variety of mural painting are found along the walls of the inner prakarams. A secret passage leading to the Palace is found beneath the west of the inner prakarams which is covered with a large stone slab.

Going by extant legends, the temple is closely associated with the famous Sree Anantha Padmanabhaswamy Temple, Thiruvananthapuram. Thiruvananthapuram Sri Anantha Padmanabhaswamy temple deity lies in the direction as to see the Thiruvattar Adi kesava deity. The main deity was originally covered with gold kavachams in which diamonds and other precious stones were embedded which the Kerala kings had presented to the temple. There is also a small shrine for Lord Lakshmi Narasimhaswamy near the river and opposite to the Adikesava Perumal Temple. Alvar saint Nammalvar had sung 11 pasurams in praise of Adi Kesava Swamy in the 6th Thiruvai mozhi. There are Three temples related to Adikesava Perumal Temple. It is believed that, the Moolasthanam of all three temples such as Padmanabhaswamy temple, Thiruvananthapuram; Adikesava Perumal Temple, Thiruvattar and Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangam is Ananthapadmanabhaswamy Temple or Anantha Lake Temple near Kumbla in Manjeshwaram Taluk of Kasaragod District of Kerala, South India.

Treasures and connections
The entire present day Kanyakumari District formed part of erstwhile Travancore Kingdom. Up to Marthanda Varma, all kings ruled the erstwhile Venad Kingdom (which was expanded by Marthanda Varma to form Thiruvithaamkoor) from Padmanabhapuram in Kanyakumari District. It was Dharma Raja, the nephew and successor of Marthanda Varma, who shifted the capital to Thiruvananthapuram. Padmanabhapuram Palace, the erstwhile royal abode of Travancore Kings, is still preserved in all its glory and is situated at Padmanabhapuram in Kalkulam Taluk of Kanyakumari District. Marthanda Varma was a staunch devotee of Lord Adikesava and used to worship at the temple before all the major war campaigns undertaken by him.

The presiding Deities of Thiruvattar, Thiruvananthapuram and Thiruvalla had a three-cornered connection which reflects in the quantitative measurement of commodities utilised etc. The Perumals of Thiruvattar and Thiruvananthapuram remain closely bound to each other with this closeness being mirrored not only in festivals which coincide, special days and many rituals but also in the structural pattern including the Ottakkal Mandapam. In both cases the Moola Vigrahas are of Katu-Sarkara and are containing Salagramas. The strong affiliation of the Venad kings to both Thiruvattar and Thiruvananthapuram temples in their privileges and responsibilities provide ample evidence of enduring interconnections. Many ceremonies had to be initially performed at Sree AdiKesava Temple before being conducted at the Padmanabha Swamy Temple.

Legend
The Lord AdiKesavaSwamy means 'Foremost Friend'. Legend says that Lord AdiKesavaSwamy defeated the demon Kesi. The demon's wife prayed to the River Ganges and to River Thamirabarani and created a destruction. But it was in vain and she surrendered to the Lord. Thus, the formation of the rivers made in a circle came to be known as Thiruvattaru.

On 10 June 1741, Anizham Tirunal Marthanda Varma, the then ruler of Travancore, before going for the Battle of Colachel offered 908 panams, yataghan, and silk on the feet of Lord Adikesava and prayed for victory.

Festivals and prasadhams
Vaikunta Ekadesi is celebrated with pomp and glory. Paal Payasam (Milk Kheer), Aval and Appam are delicious prasadams at this temple. The pujas are done in the same manner as that of the Sri Padmanabhaswamy temple, Thiruvananthapuram.

title: Adikesava Perumal Temple, Kanyakumari


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Christian Topics and Virtues

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. - Mailer Diablo 05:23, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

Christian Topics and Virtues
(a) So far mainly contains biblical quotes, (b) Seems pretty redundant with Christianity, and possibly other topics, and (c) hopelessly ambitious given the general title Cheese Sandwich 00:45, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete; Selected quotes from any book - however popular - is not encyclopedic in itself | Celcius 01:12, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Cheese Sandwich puts it perfectly. Hopelessly ambitious and redundant to pre-existing articles. I make no claim to being an expert in Christianity, but it would seem to this heathen that the Bible would contain Christian topics and virtues, at which point it would cease to be a WP article and become the Bible itself. Fernando Rizo T/C 01:13, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete (agreeing with the 'heathen') normally I'd cut some slack on a construction site and say 'wait and see' but this is going nowhere fast. --Doc (?) 01:17, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Josh Cherry 01:25, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * DeleteAmren 01:37, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nominator. Jaxl | talk 02:27, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete; What anyone needs with an alphabetically organised abridged version of the bible is beyond me but I’m sure its beyond the scope of wikipedia — FlooK 04:39, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nominator. Way too vast and relavent info is already covered by Christianity. — Linnwood 05:16, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nominator. Spaltavian 05:58, August 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nominator and FlooK. The title doesn't even describe the article properly; the topics included so far are biblical but not specifically Christian. --Metropolitan90 08:06, August 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, this is a list of biblical quotes which don't neccesarily related to the article's title. Wikipedia isn't Wikiquote. Let's have this deleted before the creator puts any more work in it. - Mgm|(talk) 08:28, August 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Move to another wiki The author has certainly put hard work into this entry. It's not a bad wiki page, just not a good fit for Wikipedia. I encourage the author find a more appropriate wiki for this or to create his/her own wiki.  Hessef 08:54, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, useless and original research. -- Ec5618 09:21, August 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Move to another wiki, The page is well written and might have better title as a list of..., people have obviously taken time and care over it and it would be a shame to just throw it away. If there's a suitable place in any other wiki I support moving it there. Alf 09:41, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Tekana 11:17, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete We have categories for this. Fornadan (t) 13:06, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * TransWiki, per Alf. Jdhowens90 13:53, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete--KillerChihuahua 13:54, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per mathematics and God. Dunc|☺ 14:16, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Move to WikiQuote, perhaps? - ulayiti (talk)  18:55, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete, the page is not well written and contains no other material except bible quotes. Either move to wikiquote or delete. --Hurricane111 21:25, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete I see no reason for this page. If it's supposed to be an index to Christian topics as the title suggest, it's not doing a good job of it even as a beginning. TCC (talk) (contribs) 22:42, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, useless original research --tranquileye 14:02:04, 2005-08-26 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:Dominican Revolutionary Party

Untitled
This is a very biased article. The PRD has produced corrupt governmets as the PLD and the PRSC have done to. All dominican politicians are corrupt, so it is not fair to say that PRD is the only corrupt party.
 * Would be interesting to find out if there are any ideological differences between the parties. For example, which one of them is liberal and which one is conservative?66.65.129.159 (talk) 05:45, 2 May 2008 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. Community Tech bot (talk) 05:21, 12 June 2018 (UTC)
 * PRD (Dominican Republic) logo.png

title: Talk:Dominican Revolutionary Party


text:
Opus Dei in society

Opus Dei in society refers to the social mission, general social strategy, social activities, work, relationship with politics and other aspects of Opus Dei.

Mission in society and general strategy
According to Catholic officials and scholars, Opus Dei is God's Work performing a divine operation in society which mobilises Christians to sanctify secular realities from within. Opus Dei does not act as a group, they say. It is a spiritual, catechetical agency of the Catholic Church in charge of forming people so they can act with personal responsibility "to put Christ on top of all human activities," as their founder says.

Escriva said that Opus Dei evangelises people of all social classes: "Out of a hundred souls, we are interested in one hundred." Opus Dei's Statutes says that the goal of Opus Dei is to bring about that persons of all walks of life, first of all the intellectuals, practice Christianity through the sanctification of their work "so that all things will be put in order according to the Will of the Creator."

According to Vittorio Messori in his book Opus Dei: Leadership and Vision in Today’s Catholic Church, Opus Dei's manner of influencing society is based on the principle that "there is no way of improving humanity other than improving human beings—one by one, and profoundly." Thus it has what it calls apostolate of friendship. Also, it follows the strategy of emphasising the evangelisation of the intelligentsia because, he says, "society arrives at the majority of its ideas and modes of behavior by way of the intellectuals."

So that the sanctification of society can take place through sanctification of work, the Opus Dei provides "professional formation." This stresses hard work, cultural and professional development, human warmth and refinement, ethical behaviour, respect for freedom and pluralism, personal and collective humility, and personal prayer as the highest priority in one's daily schedule.

The main strategy, according to Escrivá's teaching, is that each Christian must strive to become a "canonizable saint", another Christ redeeming all men and women, and thus also a responsible citizen who works for the common good. Because if Christians are not well ordered from within, he says, if they do not put God first through a life of contemplation, they will be merely spreading their disorder to other people. "These world crises", he says, "are crises of saints." Thus, evangelization in Opus Dei is done one-on-one through its "apostolate of friendship and confidence."

Peter L. Berger and Samuel Huntington calls the attempt of Opus Dei an "alternative modernity," a work towards a modern world which is "faithful" to the Christian traditions, as distinguished from other secular interventions in modernity. (Many Globalizations: Cultural Diversity in the Contemporary World 2002)

Activities and work
The largest part of the apostolic activity of the prelature is what the individual members do with their friends and colleagues in their respective communities and workplaces. Collective formative activities consist of religious retreats, recollections, and classes in Catholic doctrine.

A big percentage of the undertakings of members of Opus Dei, if not the majority, are youth development centres: schools, youth clubs, study centres. There are also a good number of training centres for women.

In Spain, Saint Josemaría Escrivá himself founded the University of Navarra in 1959 which confers 27 degrees and administers more than 300 post-graduate programs and includes a teaching hospital.

Schools

 * PARED Harkaway Hills College, Melbourne, Australia
 * PARED Montgrove School for Girls, Sydney, Australia
 * PARED Redfield College, Sydney, Australia
 * PARED Tangara School for Girls, Sydney, Australia
 * PARED Wollemi College, Sydney, Australia
 * PAREF Southridge School, Muntinlupa, Philippines
 * PAREF Woodrose School, Muntinlupa, Philippines
 * PAREF Springdale School, Cebu City, Philippines
 * PAREF Westbridge School, Iloilo City, Philippines
 * PAREF Rosehill School, Antipolo, Philippines
 * PAREF Northfield School, Antipolo, Philippines
 * PAREF Southcrest School, Cebu City, Philippines
 * Rosevale School, Cagayan de Oro, Philippines
 * Seido-Mikawadai College, Nagasaki, Japan
 * Tak Sun Secondary School, Hong Kong
 * The Heights School, Maryland, USA

Universities
Universities operated by or related to Opus Dei are

 * Centro de Extensão Universitária, São Paulo, Brazil
 * IAE Business School, Buenos Aires, Argentina
 * IESE Business School, Barcelona, Spain
 * Instituto Panamericano de Alta Dirección de Empresa (IPADE), Mexico D.F., Mexico
 * ISE - Instituto Superior de Empresa, São Paulo, Brazil
 * PAD: Escuela de Alta Dirección de la Universidad de Piura, Lima, Peru
 * Pan-Atlantic University, Lagos, Nigeria
 * Pontifical University of the Holy Cross, Rome, Italy
 * Strathmore University, Nairobi, Kenya
 * Universidad Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
 * Universidad Bonaterra, Aguascalientes, Mexico
 * Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia
 * Universidad de Los Hemisferios, Quito, Ecuador
 * Universidad de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
 * Universidad del Istmo, Fraijanes, Guatemala
 * Universidad Monteávila, Caracas, Venezuela
 * Universidad Panamericana, Mexico D.F., Mexico
 * Università Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
 * Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
 * University of Asia and the Pacific, Pasig, Philippines
 * University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
 * University of Piura, Piura, Peru
 * University of the Andes, Santiago, Chile
 * Villanueva University, Madrid, Spain

Membership profile
The Vatican Yearbook indicates that Opus Dei has 85,000 members about 1,900 of whom are priests. Of these 1,900 priests, 25 are bishops working in various dioceses. Members are distributed as follows: Africa 1600; Asia and the Pacific 4700; Americas, North and South 29,000; Europe 48,700.

In terms of educational level, income and social status, V. Messori says that there is a predominance of middle-to-low levels among the members of Opus Dei. In Spain and Latin America, for example, Opus Dei is predominantly popular among laborers and campesinos. Gomez Perez, in Opus Dei: Una Explicación, says that Opus Dei's social composition shows a correspondence with the local situation, because, he says, all honest trades can be sanctified. He also says that there are more teachers and professors among its ranks than the normal social composition because of Opus Dei's emphasis on the intellectual apostolate.

Critics, however, accuse Opus Dei of elitism, and say that Opus Dei has amassed both power and wealth. On the other hand, John Allen in Opus Dei: Secrets and Power in the Catholic Church, says that Opus Dei's assets in the World are estimated to be at $2,800 million minimum, compared with an annual revenue for the Catholic Church in the US of $102 billion. By comparison, General Motors has assets of $455 billion. The worldwide revenue of Opus Dei is that of a mid-sized American diocese. He also says that Opus Dei has only 39 bishops out of the 4,564 in the world. And there are only 20 members out of 3920 working in the Vatican. As to real estate holdings, Opus Dei's holdings are notably inferior to those of the religious orders, says V. Messori. "Monks live in communities that require houses, while the great majority of Opus Dei members continue to live their everyday lives in their own homes."

Revolutionary or conservative?
Opus Dei's influence in society, said Escrivá, is not socio-economic but ethical: rich and poor work together to build a society that is more human, just, and progressive.

However, in "Preserving Power and Privilege," a report of Catholics for a Free Choice, Opus Dei is categorised together with Neocatechumenal Way, Focolare, Legion of Christ, Community of St. John, Charismatic Renewal, and Communion and Liberation, among Catholic groups having "neoconservative or fundamentalist moral and political beliefs," "extremely traditionalist," and "pre-enlightenment" messages for society.

In contrast, Benedict XVI praises the catechetical work of these lay organizations and commented on the profile of Opus Dei as "this surprising link between absolute fidelity to the great tradition of the Church and to her faith, with a disarming simplicity and unconditional openness to all the challenges of this world, in the academic world, in the world of work, in the world of economics, etc." There are also modern historians, many of whom are non-Catholics, who are now stating that the Catholic Church supports reason and progress, putting it "at the center of the development of the values, ideas, science, laws, and institutions which constitute what we call Western civilization," in the words of Paul Legutko of Stanford University in his review of Thomas Woods' book How the Catholic Church Built Western Civilization, Woods refers to both non-Catholic and Catholic historians of science: J.L. Heilbron, Alistair Cameron Crombie, David C. Lindberg, Edward Grant, and Thomas Goldstein, Stanley Jaki; economists: Joseph Schumpeter and Raymund de Roover; art historians: Kenneth Clark, Samuel Edgerton; historian of hospitals: Guenter B. Risse. Wood's book supports Christopher Dawson's thesis about religion "as the dynamic element in history and as a real world-transforming power."

The debate about Opus Dei and its role in society continues. The two diametrically opposed positions are reflected in how one interprets point 353 of Escrivá's The Way:

"Nonsectarianism. Neutrality. Those old myths that always try to seem new. Have you ever bothered to think how absurd it is to leave one's Catholicism aside on entering a university, or a professional association, or a scholarly meeting, or Congress, as if you were checking your hat at the door?"

Critics say this type of counsel makes it impossible for Opus Dei members to be free in political matters, since it creates ideologies such as "National Catholicism", according to Alberto Moncada, or "Catholic Totalitarianism," according to Argentine Marxist historian Emilio Corbiere. Thus, Opus Dei members are placed squarely on the political right, becoming a conservative influence in world affairs, promoting the Vatican's traditionalist policies against divorce, abortion, euthanasia, gay marriages, contraception, etc. “The claim that Opus Dei is merely a humanitarian organization with no political agenda is simply not credible,” said Frances Kissling, president of Catholics for a Free Choice. Opus Dei, according to its critics, serves as the Vatican's instrument to oppose the liberal and secular thought expressed by John Stuart Mill's classic statement: "The only freedom which deserves the name, is that of pursuing our own good in our own way," and lately put into American jurisprudence in Planned Parenthood vs. Casey 1992, “At the heart of liberty is the right to define one’s own concept of existence, of the universe, and of the mystery of human life."

On the other hand, while espousing respect for each person's freedom of religion and search for truth, Ratzinger says that when there is rebellion against the light of truth revealed by Christ on man's origin and purpose, man is imprisoned in a meaningless existence. The "attempt to be our own god, creator and judge," he stated in The Way of the Cross, leads to self-destruction. The "choice of error does not liberate," says Escrivá, and brings instead the "slavery of sin." His supporters say that the Catholic Church per se is beyond earthly power struggles and is engaged in a fundamental struggle for the peace and happiness of each soul: the battle between the powers of evil and the God-man Jesus Christ who, in the words of Opus Dei's founder, "never loses battles."

According to Escrivá, "face-to-face with God, there is no room for anonymity: either one decides to be his friend or his foe." He also states in a key teaching: "Many great things depend — don't forget it — on whether you and I live our lives as God wants." His supporters say that if Christians throughout the world are completely faithful to the Beauty of Truth, Jesus Christ, then "the greatest revolution of all time would take place," according to what they see as the prophetic vision of Opus Dei's founder, a vision altogether dismissed by its many critics.

title: Opus Dei in society


text:
Talk:Universal nut sheller

Copyright
Hi,

My name is Roey Rosenblith and I work intimatley with the Full Belly Project. I am the one uploading these files and am very sure that everything on this website is intended for the public domain. The Full Belly Project wants to get this information out there and this is one way that we are going about doing it. So you need not worry about the copyright violation situation.

Thanks, Roey

 * Hi there. I have just come across still listed at Copyright problems. I see you claim this is public domain, which is great. I can't find such a statement on your website however. So what I'm going to do is email the address give there. In the meantime, I'm going to blank the page again. As soon as I have confirmation that the text is either GFDL or public domain I will remove it. Thanks for your understanding. -Splash talk 01:30, 28 September 2005 (UTC)

 * The original source contains the wording "Commercial groups can make free use of this information and design." This would seem to be adequate permission to reproduce the text and image, unless you feel that they intend to deny use to non-commercial users such as Wikipedia.  Somehow I doubt that is their intent. CarbonCopy 20:30, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Indeed the last few words obviously allow anyone to take the information found on the source page and use it freely. Could you please restore the site to its original condition.

To whom it may concern, my name is Sean Watson and I am the Director of Information Technology for the Full Belly Project. I am also a member of the board of directors for the Full Belly Project, as is Roey Rosenblith. All of this information can be verified at http://www.fullbellyproject.org In addition, you may contact me at sean@fullbellyproject.org to verify this information. Please remove all supposed copyright violations from the Malian Peanut Sheller entry as we have deemed it the public domain.

I respectfully request that all future entries by Roey Rosenblith using this account, myspace@fullbellyproject.org be accepted.

Thank you for your commitment to quality information.

Sean Watson Director of Information Technology Full Belly Project http://www.fullbellyproject.org

 * The images that were originally attached to this article appear to have been deleted, presumably by mistake. I added a photo of a woman using the machine that I found on another article, but it would be nice if the original images could be re-uploaded. To prevent them from being deleted again, please add a license tag in the "summary" box on the upload page. For example, including the text "PD-release" (with the braces) will mark the image as having been released into the public domain by its owner.--Srleffler 00:31, 9 September 2006 (UTC)

 * I have added a new replacement diagram to the article, which I think is clear to use in the sense of Copyright. I got it from the instructions page (http://www.instructables.com/id/ERSV3ZTAA8EP287HYR/), which I got to via a direct link from the fullybellproject homepage. The instructions page has a CC-By-SA-2.0 label on it, but the fullbellyproject says Public Domain. In the interests of playing it safe, I went with the more restrictive CC-By-SA-2.0 license on the file in Wikimedia Commons, and providing appropriate backlinks from the image page. Based on comments here, I think it's pretty clear that it's actually public domain, though. --Kadin2048 09:26, 23 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Interesting. The photo is mirror-imaged. The text is backwards.--Srleffler 13:54, 23 October 2006 (UTC)

Synching with Full Belly Project
I noticed there was more info on the peanut sheller in the Full Belly Project article than in this article. I copied some info across (putting it under Application), but more needs to be done. --Singkong2005 03:04, 29 November 2005 (UTC)

Diagram of Malian Peanut Sheller Reversed
Hi, just liked to point out that the diagram for the Malian Peanut Sheller is reversed. Just click on the image and read the tiny notes on the diagram to understand what I mean User:Yeokaiwei 02:16 11/11/2007 (GMT Singapore). —Preceding comment was added at 18:17, 10 November 2007 (UTC)

WikiProject Food and drink Tagging
This article talk page was automatically added with WikiProject Food and drink banner as it falls under Category:Food or one of its subcategories. If you find this addition an error, Kindly undo the changes and update the inappropriate categories if needed. The bot was instructed to tagg these articles upon consenus from WikiProject Food and drink. You can find the related request for tagging here. Maximum and careful attention was done to avoid any wrongly tagging any categories, but mistakes may happen... If you have concerns, please inform on the project talk page -- TinucherianBot (talk) 01:54, 4 July 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Universal nut sheller


text:
Talk:Dalia (mythology)

Untitled
dalia, she is also a poster on the FC forum

title: Talk:Dalia (mythology)


text:
Carl W. Ford Jr.

Hon. Carl W. Ford, Jr. (born 1943) is an American political scientist, consultant, defense administrator, and Asian specialist originally from Hot Springs, Arkansas. As Assistant Secretary of State for Intelligence and Research, he headed the Bureau of Intelligence and Research (INR) in the State Department from 2001 until 2003. He reported directly to then Secretary of State Colin Powell.

Biography
Ford holds a Bachelor of Arts in Asian studies and a Master of Arts in East Asian studies from Florida State University at Tallahassee. He is an Independent politically.

From 1965 to 1989, Ford served two tours of duty in Vietnam, was a United States Army military intelligence officer, a United States Defense Intelligence Agency China strategic intelligence officer, a Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) China military analyst, a professional staff member for East Asia on the Committee on Foreign Relations, and the United States National Intelligence Officer for East Asia at the CIA.

Beginning in early 1989, Carl Ford spent four years working in the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD). He first served as the Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary for International Security Affairs (ISA) and concurrently as the Deputy Assistant Secretary for East Asia. After the Gulf War he became the Deputy Assistant for the Middle East and South Asia while keeping his principal deputy position. He remained on as acting assistant secretary until a Bill Clinton administration selection could be confirmed.

In 1993, Ford established Ford and Associates, his own international consulting firm in Washington, D.C. to provide strategic and tactical advice to American companies such as Lockheed Martin, Boeing, and Raytheon doing business with the militaries of Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan.

Ford joined the State Department as the United States Assistant Secretary of State for Intelligence and Research (INR) on the appointment of President George W. Bush in May 2001. He was also directly involved in crafting policy related to the war on terrorism, the Iraq War and reconstruction, and issues regarding the Chinese military, nuclear proliferation, the Middle East peace process, and the North Korean military threat.

In the fall of 2003, Ford joined Cassidy & Associates, a firm specializing in international policy and defense issues, with a particular focus on East Asia and the Middle East. He held the position of executive vice president until retiring in February 2006. He served as an adjunct professor at Georgetown University's School of Foreign Service, where he led a seminar on Executive Branch decision-making, and taught a graduate course on intelligence theory and practice at George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia. He is currently an adjunct at National Park College in Hot Springs, Arkansas, teaching American national government and state and local government.

In 2020, Ford, along with over 130 other former Republican national security officials, signed a statement that asserted that President Trump was unfit to serve another term, and "To that end, we are firmly convinced that it is in the best interest of our nation that Vice President Joe Biden be elected as the next President of the United States, and we will vote for him."

Quotes

 * Ford stated on CNN's documentary Dead Wrong: Inside an Intelligence Meltdown (2005) that the United States' intelligence departments "threw everything they had" into Colin Powell's speech talking about the prospects of weapons of mass destruction in Iraq which led to the 2003 invasion of Iraq.
 * Carl Ford called John R. Bolton "Kiss-Up, Kick-Down Sort of Guy" on Democracy Now! April 13, 2005.

title: Carl W. Ford Jr.


text:
Jesse White (actor)

Jesse White (born Jesse Marc Weidenfeld; January 3, 1917 – January 9, 1997) was an American actor who was best known for his portrayal as "Ol' Lonely" the repairman in Maytag television commercials from 1967 to 1988.

Life and career
White was born in Buffalo, New York, to Jewish parents, and was raised in Akron, Ohio. He made his first amateur appearance in local stage productions at the age of 15. Though aspiring to be an actor, he worked at many different jobs during the 1930s, including selling beauty supplies and lingerie. After moving to Cleveland, Ohio, White began a career in vaudeville and burlesque, traveling widely before landing a role on Broadway. In 1942, White made his Broadway debut in The Moon Is Down, followed by a successful performance in the role of a sanitarium orderly in the popular play Harvey. He later reprised his role in the 1950 film version and the 1972 television movie.

In 1947, White made his film debut in a small part in Kiss of Death. During the 1950s, he began landing roles on television shows, including appearances in Danny Thomas's Make Room for Daddy and Peter Lawford's Dear Phoebe. In 1954, he landed a semi-regular role as Cagey Calhoun on Private Secretary, starring Ann Sothern. The role led to another semi-regular part as the deceitful Oscar Pudney on CBS's The Ann Sothern Show in 1960. In 1955, he played Colonel Willoughby Oglethorpe on The Lone Ranger (season 4 episode 35).

White guest-starred on Four Star Playhouse and NBC's The Bob Cummings Show. He appeared in roles in The Bad Seed (1956); Designing Woman (1957), with Lauren Bacall; CBS's Mr. Adams and Eve (1958), with Ida Lupino and Howard Duff; and Marjorie Morningstar (1958), with Natalie Wood and Gene Kelly.

On October 2, 1958, White portrayed the fast-talking, presumably dishonest, used-car salesman San Fernando Harry in the segment "The New Car" of the ABC sitcom The Real McCoys, starring Walter Brennan.

From 1958 to 1965, White made five guest appearances on Perry Mason: as murderer Luke Hickey in "The Case of the Married Moonlighter," as bartender Cecil in "The case of the Melancholy Marksman", as murder victim Burt Renshaw in "The Case of the Polka Dot Pony," as Tony Cerro in "The Case of the Gambling Lady", and as murder victim Max Armstead in "The Case of the Fatal Fortune."

In the 1960s, White appeared on Tightrope, Oh! Those Bells, The Twilight Zone, The Dick Van Dyke Show; The Donna Reed Show; The Andy Griffith Show, The Roaring 20s, Mickey, The Beverly Hillbillies, Petticoat Junction, Green Acres,The Munsters, The Addams Family, That Girl, and I Dream of Jeannie. In a memorable cameo, he played a frustrated airport tower controller in Stanley Kramer's It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World (1963). In 1966, he accepted the role of Donelli in The Reluctant Astronaut, playing a curmudgeonly janitorial supervisor.

An advertising director who saw his performance on the film's release soon cast him in a television advertising campaign for the Maytag Corporation. White played the role of a lonely Maytag repairman, a man with nothing to do as a result of his company's dependable products. The campaign proved wildly successful, and the actor began a long-running and highly paid career as the ever-lonely Maytag repairman.

White continued appearing in both television and films during his many years as the Maytag repairman. His final film role was a small but pivotal role in the 1993 Joe Dante comedy Matinee starring John Goodman, and his last TV role was in "The Cadillac", an episode of Seinfeld in 1996. Seinfeld co-creator/star Jerry Seinfeld, who co-wrote the episode, had been a fan of White since his appearances on The Ann Sothern Show, and described having him on Seinfeld as a boyhood dream come true.

White was one of the voiceover actors for Stan Freberg Presents The United States of America: Volume One The Early Years and, 35 years later, he was featured on The Middle Years of the series. In addition to film and television work, White lent his voice to such cartoons as Jonny Quest and Garfield and Friends.

Personal life
In 1942, White married Celia Cohn (July 17, 1914 – August 5, 2003). The couple had two daughters, Carole Ita White (who became an actress) and Janet Jonas.

Death
On January 9, 1997, White died from a heart attack following surgery, six days after his 80th birthday. He is interred at Mount Sinai Memorial Park Cemetery in Los Angeles.

Film

 * Stage Door Canteen (1943) as Jesse White (uncredited)
 * Kiss of Death (1947) as Taxi Driver (uncredited)
 * Gentleman's Agreement (1947) as Elevator Starter (uncredited)
 * Texas, Brooklyn and Heaven (1948) as Customer (uncredited)
 * Guilty Bystander (1950) as Masher
 * Harvey (1950) as Marvin Wilson
 * Katie Did It (1951) as Jim Dilloway
 * Bedtime for Bonzo (1951) as Babcock
 * Francis Goes to the Races (1951) as Frank Damer
 * Callaway Went Thataway (1951) as Georgie Markham
 * Death of a Salesman (1951) as Stanley
 * The Girl in White (1952) as Alec, Ambulance Driver
 * Million Dollar Mermaid (1952) as Doc Cronnol
 * Gunsmoke,  aka Roughshod, A Man's Country (1953) as Professor
 * Champ for a Day (1953) as Willie Foltis
 * Forever Female (1953) as Willie Wolfe
 * Witness to Murder (1954) as Tubby Otis
 * Hell's Half Acre (1954) as Eddie Vincent
 * Not as a Stranger (1955) as Ben Cosgrove
 * The Girl Rush (1955) as Ludwig - Pit Boss
 * The Come On (1956) as J.J. McGonigle
 * He Laughed Last (1956) as Max Lassiter
 * Back from Eternity (1956) as Pete Boswick
 * The Bad Seed (1956) as Emory Wages
 * Designing Woman (1957) as Charlie Arneg
 * God Is My Partner (1957) as Louis 'The Lump' Lumpkin
 * Johnny Trouble (1957) as Parsons
 * Country Music Holiday (1958) as Sonny Moon
 * Marjorie Morningstar (1958) as Lou Michaelson
 * The Rise and Fall of Legs Diamond (1960) as Leo "Butcher" Bremer
 * The Big Night (1960) as Wegg
 * Three Blondes in His Life (1961) as Ed Kelly
 * A Fever in the Blood (1961) as Police Sgt. Michael 'Mickey' Beers
 * The Right Approach (1961) as Brian Freer
 * Tomboy and the Champ (1961) as Windy Skiles
 * On the Double (1961) as Corporal Joseph Praeger
 * Sail a Crooked Ship (1961) as McDonald
 * Period of Adjustment (1962) as Christmas Caroler (uncredited)
 * It's Only Money (1962) as Pete Flint
 * The Yellow Canary (1963) as Ed Thornburg
 * It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World (1963) as Radio tower operator at Rancho Conejo
 * Looking for Love (1964) as Tiger Shay
 * A House is Not a Home (1964) as Rafferty
 * Pajama Party (1964) as J. Sinister Hulk
 * Dear Brigitte (1965) as Cliff Argyle - the Bookie
 * The Ghost in the Invisible Bikini (1966) as J. Sinister Hulk
 * The Reluctant Astronaut (1967) as Donelli
 * The Spirit Is Willing (1967) as Fess Dorple
 * Togetherness (1970) as Henry
 * Bless the Beasts and the Children (1971) as Sid Shecker
 * The Brothers O'Toole (1973) as the Mayor
 * Las Vegas Lady (1975) as Big Jake
 * Return to Campus (1975) as Sports announcer
 * Nashville Girl (1976) as C.Y. Ordell
 * Won Ton Ton, the Dog Who Saved Hollywood (1976) as Rudy's Agent
 * The Cat from Outer Space (1978) as Earnest Ernie
 * Monster in the Closet (1986) as Ben
 * Matinee (1993) as Mr. Spector

Television

 * Make Room for Daddy (1 episode, 1954)
 * The Loretta Young Show (1 episode, 1954)
 * Dear Phoebe (1 episode, 1954) as Murray Kragon
 * Treasury Men in Action (1 episode, 1955) as Ronald Terni
 * Lux Video Theatre (1 episode, 1955) as Sigmund
 * The Lone Ranger (1 episode, 1955) as Col. Willoughby J. Oglethorpe
 * Jane Wyman Presents The Fireside Theatre (1 episode, 1955) as Al
 * TV Reader's Digest (1 episode, 1955)
 * Four Star Playhouse (1 episode, 1955) as Mr. Simpson
 * Damon Runyon Theater (1 episode, 1955) as Chesty Charlie
 * Cavalcade of America (1 episode, 1956)
 * Private Secretary (5 episodes, 1954–56) as Mickey Calhoun / 'Cagey' Calhoun / Mickey 'Cagey' Calhoun
 * Climax! (1 episode, 1957) as Philly
 * The 20th Century Fox Hour (4 episodes, 1956–57) as Doberman / George / George Kirby / Eddie Hoke
 * Circus Boy (1 episode, 1957) as Spike Marlin
 * Mr. Adams and Eve (1 episode, 1958) as Director
 * The Bob Cummings Show (1 episode, 1958) as H.R. Hap Henderson
 * The Real McCoys (1 episode, 1958) as San Fernando Harry
 * Westinghouse Desilu Playhouse (2 episodes, 1958) as Bartender / Barney Snyder
 * The Thin Man (1 episode, 1959) as Nitro Noonan
 * The Donna Reed Show (1 episode, 1959) as Vance
 * The Texan (1 episode, 1959) as Sheriff Weeb Martin
 * Lux Playhouse (1 episode, 1959) as Detective Drake
 * Richard Diamond, Private Detective (1 episode, 1959) as Walt Conlin
 * The David Niven Show (1 episode, 1959) as Paul Reisner
 * Alcoa Theatre (1 episode, 1959) as John Burke
 * Tightrope (2 episodes, 1959–60) as Pete Granger / Mike Davis
 * Man with a Camera (1960) as Frankie Billings
 * The Best of the Post (1 episode, 1961) as Benny
 * The Andy Griffith Show (1 episode, 1961) as Fred Boone
 * Westinghouse Playhouse (2 episodes, 1961) as Fred Sanford
 * The Ann Sothern Show (6 episodes, 1960–61) as Oscar Pudney / Simpson
 * Angel (1 episode, in "Promise to a Friend", 1961) as Max
 * The Dick Van Dyke Show (1 episode, 1961) as Bill
 * General Electric Theater (3 episodes, 1954–61) as Mike / Joe Maskowitz
 * The Roaring 20s (1 episode, 1961) as Boots
 * 77 Sunset Strip (1 episode, 1961) as Marvin Heywood
 * Calvin and the Colonel (1 episode, 1961) as Sgt. Thomas (voice)
 * The Twilight Zone (2 episodes, 1961–1962) as Harmon Cavender / Repair Man
 * Ichabod and Me (2 episodes, 1962) as Lippy Bourke
 * King of Diamonds (1 episode, 1962) as Sig Norge
 * Pete and Gladys (1 episode, 1962) as Martin
 * Adventures in Paradise (1 episode, 1962) as Frank Crayle
 * Cain's Hundred (1 episode, 1962) as Rudy
 * Oh! Those Bells (1 episode, 1962) as Ankles
 * Naked City (1 episode, 1962) as Harold Slate
 * I'm Dickens, He's Fenster (1 episode, 1963) as Hershey
 * Bob Hope Presents the Chrysler Theatre (1 episode, 1963) as Marvin
 * The Jack Benny Program (4 episodes, 1957–64) as Steve Burke / Talent Agent Weber / Mr. Weber
 * Ben Casey (1 episode, 1964) as Mr. Barringer
 * Bonanza (Episode: "The Saga of Muley Jones", 1964) as Eskey
 * Linus the Lionhearted (2 episodes, 1964) as Claudius Crow (voice)
 * Jonny Quest (1 episode, 1964) as Pasha Peddler (voice)
 * Mickey (1 episode, 1964) as Sid
 * The Addams Family (1 episode, 1964) as Sgt. Haley
 * Kraft Suspense Theatre (1 episode, 1965) as Emil Glueck
 * The Munsters (1 episode, 1965) as J. R. Finlater
 * Perry Mason (5 episodes, 1958–65) as Max Armstead / Tony Cerro / Burt Renshaw / Cecil / Luke Hickey
 * The Wild Wild West (1 episode, 1966) as Governor Lewis
 * Please Don't Eat the Daisies (1 episode, 1966)
 * The Tammy Grimes Show (1 episode, 1966) as Gus
 * Green Acres (2 episodes, 1965–67) as Charlie / George Wilkins
 * Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C. (1 episode, 1967–1968) as Harry Krasna / The Owner
 * The Beverly Hillbillies (2 episodes, 1963–67) as Mr. Mortimer / H.H.H. Jones
 * Rango (1 episode, 1967) as Gus
 * I Dream of Jeannie (1 episode, 1967) as Sam
 * Accidental Family (1 episode, 1967) as Mr. Fenton
 * Hawaii Five-O (1 episode, 1968–69) as Nat Keller
 * That Girl (5 episodes, 1969) as Eddy Edwards / Hal Grissom / Phil Bender / Clinton Hayworth
 * The Jackie Gleason Show (2 episodes, 1967–69) as 'Swifty' Jenkins / Bob Cosgrove
 * Land of the Giants (1 episode, 1969) as Max Manfred
 * The Debbie Reynolds Show (1 episode, 1970) as Mayor Keiselbach
 * Dad, Can I Borrow the Car? (1970)
 * Mannix (1 episode, 1971) as Sam Westlake
 * Love, American Style (2 episodes, 1969–71) as Bailiff (segment "Love and the Jury") / Pun Jab (segment "Love and the Divorce Sale")
 * The Wonderful World of Disney (1 episode, 1972)
 * Here's Lucy (1 episode, 1972) as Hickey
 * Of Thee I Sing (1972) as Matthew Fulton
 * Harvey (Hallmark Hall of Fame, re-enacting his role in the 1950 film, 1972), as Marvin Wilson
 * These Are the Days (unknown episodes, 1974–75) (voice)
 * Devlin (unknown episodes, 1974) (voice)
 * Kolchak: The Night Stalker (1 episode, 1975) as Security Guard
 * Happy Days (1 episode, 1975) as Bander
 * New Zoo Revue (2 episodes, 1975) as Professor Gordon / Mr. Bigwig
 * Quincy, M.E. (1 episode, 1977) as Mechanic
 * ABC Weekend Special (1 episode, 1977) as Mr. Gabby
 * Alien Worlds (1 episode, 1979) (voice)
 * The Love Boat (1 episode, 1981) as Harry
 * Hart to Hart (1 episode, 1982) as Ernie
 * Pandamonium (1982–83) as Chesty (voice)
 * Trapper John, M.D. (1 episode, 1983) as Mac Mulligan
 * Inspector Gadget (pilot episode, 1982, unreleased version) as Inspector Gadget (voice)
 * Small Wonder (1 episode, 1987)
 * The New Gidget (1 episode, 1987) as Washing Machine Repairman
 * Garfield and Friends (1 episode, 1989) as Howie (voice)
 * MacGyver (1 episode, 1990) as Mel
 * Seinfeld (1 episode, 1996) as Ralph (final appearance)

Commercials

 * Maytag (1967–1988) as Ol' Lonely the repairman

Theatre

 * Sons and Soldiers (1943) as The Salesman
 * My Dear Public (1943) as Gus Wagner
 * Mrs. Kimball Presents (1944) as J. G. McGuire
 * Helen Goes To Troy (1944) as Ajax 1st
 * Harvey (1943) as Duane Wilson
 * Born Yesterday (1946) as Harry Brock
 * The Cradle Will Rock (1947) as Dick
 * Red Gloves (1948) as Marochek
 * Kelly (1965) as Stickpin Sidney Crane
 * The Front Page (1969) as The Mayor
 * Harvey (1970) as Duane Wilson

title: Jesse White (actor)


text: Talk:Cumulina

title: Talk:Cumulina


text:
Talk:Time Doesn't Notice

Vote for Deletion
This article survived a Vote for Deletion. The discussion can be found here. -Splash 00:47, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Time Doesn't Notice.jpg
Image:Time Doesn't Notice.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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BetacommandBot (talk) 02:31, 12 February 2008 (UTC)

"*Time Doesn't Notice" listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has asked for a discussion to address the redirect &. Please participate in the redirect discussion if you wish to do so. Hog Farm (talk) 16:44, 28 April 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Time Doesn't Notice


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Gantzs

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was redirect to Gantz. - Mailer Diablo 05:26, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

Gantzs
This page should be deleted because the title is misspelled and there is an article more complete already with the right name (Gantz) JocPro 00:48, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete; Misspelled | Celcius 01:15, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Amren 01:38, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Gantz or delete. Jaxl | talk 02:26, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Although we generally don't redirect mis-spellings pre-emptively, we generally do redirect mis-spellings where people have actually created articles. This is on the basis that if one editor has already made the spelling mistake and been so convinced of it as to create an article, others no doubt will do so in the future, and it is better to direct readers to the correct place than to go around this cycle again. If you see duplicate articles in the future, please refer to duplicate articles instead of coming to VFD. Merge. Uncle G 03:07:00, 2005-08-22 (UTC)
 * Redirect: I agree with Jaxl’s above comments and it doesn’t look like there’s any detail to merge in — FlooK 04:26, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect per Uncle G. No merge needed. - Mgm|(talk) 08:31, August 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to avoid future confusion and help those of us who are good at tpyos. Alf 09:51, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect as common misspelling. - ulayiti (talk)  18:57, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Gantzs


text:
Talk:Opus Dei in society

See talk page of Opus Dei article: need to reduce size of main article of Opus Dei. Rabadur 00:48, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

How come this "article" reads like a '"Catholics" for a Free Choice' pamphlet? 128.237.231.139 20:35, 7 November 2007 (UTC)

This article does read like a press release, I'm nominating it for POV. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Shotgun64 (talk • contribs) 11:22, 8 February 2010 (UTC)

This article is very isleading. It does not mentio the role of the Opus Dei in the Dictatorship and its undeocratic history — Preceding unsigned comment added by 37.11.37.125 (talk) 19:20, 28 April 2012 (UTC)

POV is clear from the fact that the quoted text from "The Way, point 353" is not even quoted properly, and is edited in such a way to support the POV of that section. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.255.38.27 (talk) 10:13, 17 January 2013 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Opus Dei in society


text:
Deaf Dumb Blind (Summun Bukmun Umyun)

Deaf Dumb Blind (Summun Bukmun Umyun) is an album by the American jazz saxophonist Pharoah Sanders. It was recorded at A & R Studios in New York City on July 1, 1970, and released on Impulse! Records in the same year. The album's title is bilingual: "Summun Bukmun Umyun" is Arabic for "Deaf Dumb Blind".

The phrase صُمٌّ بُكْمٌ عُمْيٌ  is taken from verse 18 of Surat al-Baqarah in the Qur'an. According to the liner notes, the album is "predicated on spiritual truths and to the future enlightenment of El Kafirun or The Rejectors of Faith (non-believers)."

The performances on the album are strongly influenced by the music of Africa.

Reception
Regarding the title track, Thom Jurek, writing for AllMusic, stated: "Sanders brings in the whole of his obsession with rhythm and R&B. Using African percussion, bylophones, shakers, cowbells, and all manner of percussion... Here the Latin and African polyrhythms collide and place the horns, as large and varied as they are, in almost a supplementary role. The horns check counterpoint in striated harmony, calling and responding over the wash of bass and drums and drums and drums! It evolves into a percussion orgy before the scary otherworldly multiphonic solos begin... And no matter how out it gets, those rhythms keep it rooted in the soul." Jurek called "Let Us Go Into The House Of The Lord" "a stunningly beautiful and contemplative work that showcases how intrinsic melodic phrasing and drones were to Sanders at the time -- and still are today. This piece, and this album, is a joyful noise made in the direction of the divine, and we can feel it through the speakers, down in the place that scares us."

Daniel Martin-McCormick, in a review for Pitchfork, commented: "Deaf Dumb Blind (Summun Bukmun Umyun) may be Sanders' finest work from this era... the group... breathes as one like never before. Coming off of a busy touring schedule, the players were locked in, often building songs out of loose ideas or hints of an arrangement. If the title track finds the players in a joyous, near-telepathic groove, 'Let Us Go Into the House of the Lord' is simply spiritual jazz of the highest order. Aching with emotion, it stands alongside Alice Coltrane’s 'Prema' and Albert Ayler's 'Our Prayer' as a devotional masterpiece and a fulfillment of free jazz's promise... The song's title couldn’t be more apt; the music exudes so much sorrow, hope, compassion, joy, and humanity it seems to truly reach for a home beyond our world."

Track listing

 * 1) "Summun, Bukmun, Umyun" (Sanders) – 21:16
 * 2) "Let Us Go Into The House Of The Lord" (arr. by Lonnie Liston Smith) – 17:46

Personnel

 * Pharoah Sanders – soprano saxophone, cow horn, bells, tritone whistle, cowbells, wood flute, thumb piano, percussion
 * Woody Shaw – trumpet, maracas, yodeling, percussion
 * Gary Bartz – alto saxophone, bells, cowbell, shakers, percussion
 * Lonnie Liston Smith – piano, cowbell, thumb piano, percussion
 * Cecil McBee – bass
 * Clifford Jarvis – drums
 * Nat Bettis – xylophone, yodeling, African percussion
 * Anthony Wiles – conga drum and African percussion

title: Deaf Dumb Blind (Summun Bukmun Umyun)


text:
Talk:Thurston Twigg-Smith

hawaiimatters.com
Evidently this web site hawaiimatters.com (as of October 2009 at least) is owned by "Yuma Watanabe" and is in Japanese, so need to remove it from citations in the article. "Whois" DNS entry W Nowicki (talk) 18:28, 12 October 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Thurston Twigg-Smith


text:
Talk:Busch Gardens Tampa Bay

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 4 June 2019 and 31 July 2019. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Mmcrumpton.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 16:26, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

Jungala2
Jungala is its own section to the park, not part of the Congo. On the maps, the sections are color coded into different parts, and it looks as if Jungala is separate from the Congo. I changed this on the page...pleease correct and tell me if I'm wrong.--24.63.18.184 (talk) 03:03, 1 May 2008 (UTC)

Egyptian Gods
If Montu is the Egyptian God of War, why does he look like the Sun God Ra? The Republican 14:07, 30 October 2005 (UTC)

 * According to many scholars, particularly those sited on the Ra and Menthu pages, many, if not most, Egyptian gods were aspects of Ra (also known as Re), who is now considered to have possibly been a higher level (or even monotheistic) god. Also, since Ra's aspect was the falcon, it is unsurprising that his god of war would have a falcon aspect as well.  Interestingly enough, some literature and signage I have seen in the past at BGA refers to Montu as the "hawk god of war"(sic) of ancient Egypt.

Jungala
For those of you who are that worried about calling the new construction Jungala, chill out. That is what it is being called right now. Also, what happened to the logo? it was good enough for now. And, if this logo is officialy proved wrong, then it could at least stay there so viewr\ers can get a fell of the theme. And if you say they might change the theme, they could, but why would they since it's in the Congo section? Anywho, thats just my take on the whole thing.--24.63.18.184 01:55, 30 September 2007 (UTC)

Busch Gardens Africa
I've heard that the park is now officially named Busch Gardens Africa (with the Williamsburg park now called Busch Gardens Europe). Maybe we could implement this into this article somehow (maybe even renaming the article) WillMcC 11:24, 3 April 2006 (UTC)

 * I've moved the page from Busch Gardens Tampa Bay to Busch Gardens Africa. --Idont Havaname (Talk) 18:46, 8 June 2006 (UTC)

12 rides
How can you muppets say BGA has 12 rides? Thrill and flat? Helloooo? Sort it out God damn it.

 * Suggest you read the Talk Page Guidelines, as they prohibit the use of epithets ("muppets") and profanity (self-explanatory), and strongly discourage unsigned comments. If you have citable references, you can also edit the page for factuality on your own.  P.F. Bruns (talk) 09:27, 15 March 2008 (UTC)

Time Line Confusion
The article seems to imply that Busch Gardens did not start charging admission until after the brewery was demolished. Actually, the brewery and theme park coexisted for several years. Admission was charged as early as the 1970's, when several of my friends and relatives worked there, but the brewery did not close until the mid-1990's.

 * Very true. The brewery (and the brewery tour) were a part of the park until the late 90s. Im not 100% sure about this, but I believe the brewery was closed and torn down, and Gwazi was built in its place.--Smart Mark Greene 02:05, 20 October 2006 (UTC)

Also, I never remember there being an extra charge for any of the rollar coasters.

 * Confirmed: The Anheuser-Busch Tampa brewery closed in 1990; Gwazi opened on the same site in 1999. I'd like to see documentation of individual charges for any rides; by the time Python (roller coaster opened in 1976-77, park admission was covered by one fee.  Additionally, the article is totally off the mark on beer brewing:  While beer is no longer brewed for full-scale distribution (the Jacksonville brewery handles all Anheuser-Busch retail production in the Southeastern United States), the park does have a successful microbrewery (though they produce far more of the standard A-B product varieties than they do specialty brews). P.F. Bruns (talk) 09:33, 15 March 2008 (UTC)

DO NOT POST UNVERIFIED CLAIMS!
Regarding the "Congo/Jungala" name claim. Yes, I know there were some patents out for the name "Jungala." But it could be for anything and not just "this is the name of the new land." Also, a claim by a ride operator (see Python page) is not a reliable source and seems like weasel words.

Until SOMETHING OFFICIAL comes from the park itself, refrain from unverified claims.

Bgtbbum 21:31, 30 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Official that it's part of Congo: http://www.buschgardens.com/BGT/ftp_press_releases_details.aspx?ID=284 121.208.180.8 (talk) 09:31, 8 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Also, names like "Jungala" are trademarks, not patents. According to the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, patents cover inventions that include products and processes.  Names and logos must be protected by trademark.  P.F. Bruns (talk) 09:35, 15 March 2008 (UTC)

Name of page
Does the name "Busch Gardens Tampa Bay" appear on the official website. I can not find it there. Snowman (talk) 17:56, 21 February 2010 (UTC)

Tampa, not Tampa Bay
The park is known as Busch Gardens Tampa or Busch Gardens Tampa, FL Tampa Bay is a body of water.

Please revise the title accordingly.

 * The park was known as Busch Gardens Tampa Bay for several years. Also, while Tampa Bay is a body of water (in fact, it's a combination of several!), it also refers to a large group of cities and towns in the area around it, and is used in the names of several organizations in the area, most notably sports teams. Currently, Sea World Parks and Entertainment, the current owner of Busch Gardens Tampa, has dropped "Bay" from the official name, but they or a future owner could add it back at any time.Boomshadow talk contribs 12:49, 9 April 2015 (UTC)

Title
All of their official press releases use the name "Busch Gardens Tampa," so this would seem to be the official name. Wikipedia's trademark guideline says not to include the ®. Mr.Z-man 17:02, 11 October 2013 (UTC)

Needs a History Section
This article lacks a history section, which is the reason I came to the article. I would reccomend that someone more know,eadgable than I write one. IanSan5653 (talk) 04:41, 4 November 2013 (UTC)

19th century African-themed animal theme park?
How can it be a 19th century park, when it opened in the 50s of the 20th century? Hg2014 (talk) 23:24, 2 May 2014 (UTC)

 * The basis for much of the park's theming seems to be 19th Century Africa, particularly the British and German colonies. Working on finding a source for that.Boomshadow talk contribs 12:52, 9 April 2015 (UTC)

Move to drop new "Opinion" section
It's completely unsourced, appears to reflect the opinion of the author, and doesn't seem particularly encyclopedic. Move to drop.Boomshadow talk contribs 12:50, 9 April 2015 (UTC)

Attractions
Wipout20 (talk) 17:56, 4 August 2015 (UTC)James A. Oxendine
 * Sheikra is a floorless dive coaster that reaches a height of 200ft and a maximum speed of 70 mph
 * Cheetah Hunt is a coaster that features 3 magnetic launches, a height of 102ft and drop height of 130ft, a maximum speed of 60 mph, and a heartline roll.
 * Montu is a floorless sit down coaster that features a height of 150ft and a maximum speed of 60 mph.
 * Kumba is a sit down coaster that features a height of 143ft, a maximum speed of 60 mph, and multiple corkscrews.
 * Falcon's Fury is North America's tallest free-standing drop tower with a staggering height of 335ft and a maximum speed of 60 mph.
 * Stanley Falls is a water ride that features a drop height of 43ft.
 * Tanganyika Tidal Wave is a water ride that features a height of 55ft and a bridge for onlookers to get soaked on.
 * Congo River Rapids is river rapid water ride that features thrilling plunges, water caves, and looming waterfalls.
 * Cobra's Curse Coming Soon.

 * And the point of this list, when they are all already listed in their respective themed areas, is what, exactly? Again, no source has ever been provided, and the sources that have been mentioned in edit summaries are either fan-blogs (not considered reliable), search results (ditto) and the park's own advertising materials. Why can we not let readers decide which attractions are "major"? -- McDoob  AU93  18:27, 4 August 2015 (UTC)

 * Hey I noticed about the listing problem while looking at the log. I'm a new editor too, but you have to also have an open mind when you're on Wikipedia. Although you have all the most noticeable attractions at the park on the list, some of those rides aren't as major as the other. For instance Sheikra-Montu-Kumba-Falcon's Fury would likely be the 'major' attractions at BGTB because of their high thrills and height restrictions. Also these attractions are already listed under their themed areas in the park and has no need for a list when those attractions have about the same information (and also have their references from the official website as of September 13th, 2015). Remember when creating information use references. Finally adding a 'major' thrill list would probably be best suitable under these Wikipedia pages:

 * List of attractions at Busch Gardens Tampa Bay

Adog104 (talk) 01:02, 14 September 2015 (UTC)Adog104

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Sourcing Error on Source 10
Clicking through some of the sources I discovered that the link to the source number 10, "Telly's Jungle Jam Rwview | Busch Gardens Tampa". Total Orlando. Retrieved September 14, 2015. is broken/leads to an error 404 page. The citation also incorrectly spells the word "Review" as "Rwview" Clairepatzner (talk) 06:29, 5 November 2018 (UTC)

 * Yes check.svg Done For sources that are broken/dead, it is commonly used to patch or fix the link through the Internet Archive as done . This article has a lot of updating to do, so anything would help from the addition of more sources to updating sections content! The tags on top of articles also suggest what in the article needs to be revised, in this one advertisement language needs to be tuned to a encyclopedic language and verifiable references would need to be added, as primary sources are usually not used.  Adog ( Talk ・ Cont''' ) 13:20, 5 November 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Busch Gardens Tampa Bay