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John Francis Dodge

John Francis Dodge (October 25, 1864 – January 14, 1920) was an American automobile manufacturing pioneer and co-founder of Dodge Brothers Company.

Biography
Dodge was born in Niles, Michigan, where his father ran a foundry and machine shop. John and his younger brother, Horace, were inseparable as children and as adults. The origins of the Dodge family was earlier thought to lie in Stockport, England, where a Dodge ancestral home still stands (Halliday Hill Farmhouse in Listed buildings in Stockport), however recent DNA testing conducted by the Dodge Family Association has shown that many of the USA Dodges are in fact descended from Dodges who emigrated from East Coker, Somerset.

In 1886, the Dodge family moved to Detroit, where John and Horace took jobs at a boiler maker plant. In 1894 they went to work as machinists at the Dominion Typograph Company in Windsor, Ontario, Canada. While John was the sales-minded managerial type, his brother Horace was a gifted mechanic and inveterate tinkerer. Using a dirt-proof ball bearing Horace invented and patented, in 1897 Dodge arranged a deal for the brothers to join with a third-party investor to manufacture bicycles. Within a few years, they sold the bicycle business and in 1900 used the proceeds of the sale to set up their own machine shop in Detroit.

In their first year of business, the Dodge brothers' company began making parts for the automobile industry. In 1902 the Dodge brothers won a contract to build transmissions for the Olds Motor Vehicle Company upon which they built a solid reputation for quality and service. However, the following year they turned down a second contract from Olds to retool their Detroit plant at Hastings Street and Monroe Avenue to build engines for Henry Ford in a deal that included a share position in the new Ford Motor Company. By 1910, John Dodge and his brother were so successful they built a new plant in Hamtramck, Michigan.

For ten years (1903–1913), the Dodge brothers' business was a Ford Motor Company supplier, and Dodge worked as vice president of the Ford company. He left Ford in 1913, and in 1914 he and Horace formed Dodge Brothers to develop their own line of automobiles. They began building motor trucks for the United States military during the arms buildup for World War I, and in October 1917 they produced their first commercial car. At war's end, their company produced and marketed both cars and trucks.

He was inducted into the Automotive Hall of Fame in 1997.

Because of his temper and often crude behavior, the red-haired Dodge was seen as socially unacceptable to most of the well-heeled elite of Detroit. Nevertheless, his wealth made him an influential member of the community and he became active in Republican Party politics in Michigan.

Family
The Dodge brothers were the sons of machinist Daniel Rugg Dodge (1819–1897) and Maria Duval Casto (1823–1906). Maria was Daniel's second wife. They had an elder full sister: Della Lone (1863–1936) and older half brother Charles Frontier Dodge (1855–1926), and half sister Laura Belle (1858-?) from Daniel's first marriage to Lorinda Gould (1820–1860).

John Dodge married Canadian Ivy Hawkins (1864–1901) in September 1892. They had three children:
 * Winifred (1894–1980)
 * Isabel Cleves (1896–1962)
 * John Duval Dodge (1898–1942)

Following Ivy (Hawkins) Dodge's death from tuberculosis, he secretly married Isabelle Smith (who was his housekeeper) in Walkerville, Ontario, on December 8, 1902. They separated in 1905 and quietly divorced in 1907; the marriage was kept secret until after the death of his third wife. Shortly after the divorce from Isabelle, Dodge married his secretary, Matilda Rausch (1883–1967). Dodge had three more children with Matilda:
 * Frances Matilda (1914–1971)
 * Daniel George (1917–1938)
 * Anna Margaret (1919–1924)

In 1908, John Dodge and Matilda purchased the land for Meadow Brook Farms near Rochester, Michigan. At Meadow Brook, their eldest child, Frances, developed a love of horses that led her to acquire Castleton Farm in Lexington, Kentucky, and turn it into one of the leading horse breeding operations in the United States. Dodge's daughter Isabel established Brookmeade Stable. It became a major participant in Thoroughbred horse racing and owned several Champions, including the U.S. Racing Hall of Fame horses Cavalcade and Sword Dancer. Five years after Dodge's death in 1920, Matilda married Alfred Wilson and they built the Meadow Brook Hall at the Rochester estate.

His great grandson is film producer John F Dodge III.

Death and legacy
John and Horace contracted influenza and pneumonia while in New York City during the 1918 flu pandemic. John died on January 14, 1920, at the Ritz-Carlton, age 55. He was interred in the Egyptian-style family mausoleum in Detroit's Woodlawn Cemetery guarded by two Sphinx statues.

Horace died the following December, and in 1925 their widows sold the Dodge Brothers automobile business to Dillon Read, investment bankers, for $146 million (equivalent to $ in ). Dodge's newborn daughter Anna Margaret died of the measles before age five. His son Daniel drowned in the waters off Manitoulin Island after falling overboard while being transported to hospital following an accident involving dynamite. He had just recently married, at age 21.

After Dodge's death, Matilda married Alfred Wilson and adopted two children with him, Richard and Barbara Wilson. Matilda Dodge Wilson was Lieutenant Governor of Michigan briefly in 1940 under Republican Governor Luren Dickinson.

In 1957, the Wilsons donated their 1500 acre Meadow Brook Farm, including Meadow Brook Hall, Sunset Terrace and all its other buildings and collections, along with $2 million (equivalent to $ in ), to Michigan State University to establish an extension campus. In 1963, the Michigan State University-Oakland was renamed Oakland University.

title: John Francis Dodge


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Nachman Goldstein

Nachman Goldstein of Tcherin (1825 – 1894), also known as the Tcheriner Rav (rabbi of Tcherin, a town in eastern Ukraine), was a leading disciple of Nathan of Breslov (known as "Reb Noson"), who in turn was the chief disciple of Rebbe Nachman of Breslov, the founder of the Breslov Hasidic dynasty.

Biography
A child prodigy who excelled in his Torah studies even as a young boy, Goldstein was the grandson of Rabbi Aharon, the chief rabbi of Breslov in Rebbe Nachman's day, and the son of Rabbi Zvi Aryeh, the succeeding rabbi of Breslov. He grew up in the town of Breslov. However, in his youth he shied away from Reb Noson. Once Reb Noson said to him, "Nachman, who knows? Maybe the reason Rebbe Nachman worked so hard to bring your grandfather to Breslav was because of you?" After that, Goldstein became a follower of Reb Noson, and after the latter's death, became very involved with Reb Noson's works.

Goldstein raised his daughter's son, Abraham Sternhartz, after the latter was orphaned of his parents as a young child. As the grandson of Reb Noson's leading disciple and at the same time a great-grandson of Noson through his father's line, Sternhartz was privy to all the family traditions and stories about Rebbe Nachman's closest disciple. These formed the basis for his definitive collection of Breslov oral traditions, entitled Tovot Zichronot.

Publications
Goldstein was the first to write a learned commentary specifically on Rebbe Nachman's teachings, giving scholarly legitimacy to the Breslov movement after the death of Reb Noson in 1844. Many of today's English-language translations of Breslover works were only made possible because of the Tcheriner Rav's meticulous research and elucidation.

He collected and published Noson's eight-volume magnum opus, Likutey Halachot, as well as an expanded version of Noson's Likutey Etzot (Advice) with additional material from Rebbe Nachman's teachings, under the title, Likutey Etzot HaMeshulash. Altogether, the Tcheriner Rav authored about 20 works, including halakhic responsa. Some were only seen by Breslover Hasidim in manuscript form before they were lost during World War II. The ones that survive are:

 * Parparaot LeChokhmah—a commentary that illuminates many complex concepts and structures in Likutey Moharan
 * Zimrat HaAretz—a commentary that connects each lesson in Likutey Moharan to the Land of Israel
 * Yekara DeShabbata—a commentary that relates each lesson in Likutey Moharan to the Sabbath day
 * Yerach HaEitanim—a commentary that relates each lesson in Likutey Moharan to Rosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur and Sukkot
 * Nachat HaShulchan—a commentary that describes the connection between numerous chapters of the Shulchan Aruch and the first lesson of Likutey Moharan
 * Rimzey Ma'asiyyot—a commentary on Sippurey Ma'asiyot (Rabbi Nachman's Stories)

Goldstein also produced a collection of source texts for Sefer HaMiddot (The Aleph-Bet Book—a collection of aphorisms on character traits), tracing Rebbe Nachman's references throughout the Bible, Talmud and Midrash. He also compiled teachings of the Baal Shem Tov and the Maggid of Mezeritch and their major disciples under the titles Leshon Hasidim and Derekh Hasidim.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Nachman Goldstein


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Alameda Terminal

Alameda Terminal (also known as Alameda Wharf) was a railroad station and ferry wharf at the foot and west of present-day Pacific Avenue and Main Street in Alameda, California, on the eastern shore of San Francisco Bay with ferry service to San Francisco. It was built in 1864 and operated by the San Francisco and Alameda Railroad. In 1869, it served as the original west coast terminus of the U.S. First transcontinental railroad, until the opening of Oakland Pier two months later. The western terminus was inaugurated September 6, 1869, when the first Western Pacific through train from Sacramento reached the shores of San Francisco Bay at Alameda Terminal, — thus completing the first transcontinental railroad "from the Missouri river to the Pacific ocean" in accordance with the Pacific Railroad Acts.

History
In 1863, Alfred A. Cohen, a San Francisco lawyer, along with his associates, formulated plans to build a railroad and wharf to carry passengers not only to Alameda, but also by ferry to San Francisco. In 1864, he built a 3,750 ft wharf, starting from a spot near today's Pacific Avenue and Main Street westward, into the Bay at that time, and ending at part of today's Alameda Point where the USS Hornet sits anchored. On August 25, 1864, Cohen inaugurated passenger service, for 25 cents, from the wharf at Vallejo and Davis Street in San Francisco, via the leased river packet Sophie MacLane, to the Alameda Wharf and then 5 mi to his San Francisco and Alameda Railroad High St station. In September 1864, he leased the slightly larger Contra Costa. As business grew, he replaced the leased boat, in February 1866, with his very own ferry boat, the Alameda.

First transcontinental train
After the Pacific Railroad Act of 1862 authorized construction of the First transcontinental railroad and telegraph line, the first construction activity took place in 1863 eastward from Sacramento on the Central Pacific Railroad line. In October 1864, the Central Pacific Railroad assigned all the rights of the Pacific Railway Acts to the Western Pacific Railroad for the route between Sacramento and San Jose, including land grants. The plan was that the transcontinental railroad would follow the Western Pacific from Sacramento to San Jose and then connect with the San Francisco and San Jose Railroad (SF&SJ), completed in 1864, to San Francisco.

By 1866, Western Pacific had built 20 mi of track north and east from San Jose, reaching halfway into Niles Canyon, to about Farwell near Milepost 33. The Western Pacific used 500 Chinese laborers to grade and construct the rail line into the rugged canyon with its tight curves and narrow banks. Construction was then halted because of disagreements between the railroad's contractors and its financiers.

In 1868, Central Pacific Railroad, a subsidiary of which had acquired the Western Pacific and Oakland Point, restarted work on the Western Pacific Railroad line starting at Sacramento working southward, as well as near Lathrop and Livermore, using upwards to 2,000 Chinese laborers. The new plan was to connect with Oakland and Oakland Point with its ferry service to San Francisco. After the golden spike ceremony at Promontory Summit, work resumed in June 1869 in Niles Canyon with track laying towards Livermore. Also in June 1869, J. H. Strobridge came to Niles (then Vallejo Mills [now part of Fremont]) to oversee the construction of the new line, with his crew of up to 600 Chinese laborers, heading towards Oakland. By midsummer, Governor Stanford made known his hopes that the line be finished in time for the opening of the State Fair on September 6. Thus in September 1869, a temporary connection was made at the bay side (west of Alvarado and Davis Sts) of San Leandro with the old tracks of the San Francisco and Alameda Railroad, which led to the SF&A Alameda Wharf with ferry service to San Francisco.

On September 6, 1869, the first Western Pacific train reached the shores of San Francisco Bay at Alameda Terminal, thus achieving the transcontinental Pacific Railroad envisioned in the 1862 Pacific Railroad Act. According to the Daily Alta California, this first through train left Sacramento at 10 am, got delayed by some construction trains, exited Niles Canyon late at 9:30 pm, and an hour later arrived at Alameda Terminal to a cheering crowd. Continuing passengers boarded the ferry Alameda and crossed the Bay to the Davis St Wharf in San Francisco.

The steamer Oakland, strengthened and converted into a car ferry capable of carrying up to four freight cars at one time, also began service in September 1869, from Alameda wharf to the San Francisco freight slip.

Two months later, Central Pacific Railroad switched the western transcontinental terminus to its expanded Oakland Pier, which was inaugurated on November 8, 1869, in another round of celebration. Alameda then went back to local passenger train service. Freight service from Alameda continued until 1870 when the freight slip at Oakland wharf and the new line through First Street, Oakland, were completed. In 1870 the SF&A was absorbed into Central Pacific and in 1873 the SF&A pier was abandoned, at least for rail-ferry purposes. It was subsequently used by the Pacific Coast Oil Company which established its refinery adjacent to the wharf in 1880. It was listed in the local city directory as the business address of the E.M. Derby lumber yard from at least 1874 to about 1885.

Present day

The railroads and their wharfs are gone from Alameda. The last rails were removed in 1960 from Lincoln Ave (formerly Railroad Ave and along which the SF&A rails ran).

The achievement of the first transcontinental railroad reaching Alameda Terminal on September 6, 1869, is marked by a plaque in the Naval Air Station Alameda and a California Historical Landmark (CHL #440) nearby. The GPS coordinates of the two markers are given respectively by 37.786779,-122.30292 (plaque); and 37.77535,-122.276891 (CHL #440).

On 6 September 2019, a "golden spike" ceremony was held in Niles Canyon, where the Western Pacific track laid in 1866 was linked with the Central Pacific track laid in 1869, commemorating the 150th anniversary of the 6 September 1869 completion of the first transcontinental railroad to the Pacific coast terminus at Alameda Terminal. Also, the mayor of the City of Alameda issued a proclamation recognizing "the outstanding contributions of the many Chinese immigrants who helped make the Transcontinental Railroad a reality". At the terminal there is a plaque that marks terminus of the First Transcontinental Passenger train that started in New York City and terminated at Alameda Point pier on September 6, 1869.

title: Alameda Terminal


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Horsetail Falls (Oregon)

Horsetail Falls (or Horse Tail Falls) is a waterfall located on Horsetail Creek along the Columbia River Gorge in Multnomah County, in the U.S. state of Oregon. The falls drop over a cut over the columnar basalt cliff within the Oneonta Gorge. It is one of the waterfalls along the Columbia River Highway's waterfall corridor.

Access
The waterfall is easily accessed, in contrast to its near neighbor Oneonta Falls, as it is right next to the Historic Columbia River Highway. The shape of the falls and the rounded rockface over which it flows cause it to resemble a horse's tail.

There are actually two waterfalls along the creek. The upper falls, called Upper Horsetail Falls or Ponytail Falls, can be accessed from a footpath.

Horsetail Falls Bridge
The Historic Columbia River Highway passes across Horsetail Falls on a bridge, the Horsetail Falls Bridge, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as a contributing structure. It is a 60 ft reinforced concrete slab span. The bridge was built in 1914 and is unique in its design in which it has been strengthened in 1998 from its original constitution by fibre-reinforced plastic.

title: Horsetail Falls (Oregon)


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Talk:Empress Shōken

Untitled
There has been a certain Gryffindor (neé Antares) who has forcefully wanted this to be "Dowager empress Shoken". However, already simplicity means that empress Shoken is better. And additionally, highest title is used of the dead - consort is regarded as higher than dowager. We always have the alternative to put her under Empress Haruko. Arrigo 23:06, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * See Talk:Empress Teimei for further discussion. Švitrigaila 13:23, 26 December 2006 (UTC)

Smallpox vaccination?
In the "Early Life" section, it says "Usual for the time, she had been vaccinated to smallpox." I feel that smallpox vaccination would have been unusual in that era, but I don't have evidence. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.119.8.66 (talk) 07:41, 17 January 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Empress Shōken


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Route poisoning

Route poisoning is a method to prevent a router from sending packets through a route that has become invalid within computer networks. Distance-vector routing protocols in computer networks use route poisoning to indicate to other routers that a route is no longer reachable and should not be considered from their routing tables. Unlike the split horizon with poison reverse, route poisoning provides for sending updates with unreachable hop counts immediately to all the nodes in the network.

When the protocol detects an invalid route, all of the routers in the network are informed that the bad route has an infinite (∞) route metric. This makes all nodes on the invalid route seem infinitely distant, preventing any of the routers from sending packets over the invalid route.

Some distance-vector routing protocols, such as RIP, use a maximum hop count to determine how many routers the traffic must go through to reach the destination. Each route has a hop count number assigned to it which is incremented as the routing information is passed from router to router. A route is considered unreachable if the hop count exceeds the maximum allowed. Route poisoning is a method of quickly forgetting outdated routing information from other router's routing tables by changing its hop count to be unreachable (higher than the maximum number of hops allowed) and sending a routing update. In the case of RIP, the maximum hop count is 15, so to perform route poisoning on a route its hop count is changed to 16, deeming it unreachable, and a routing update is sent.

If these updates are lost, some nodes in the network would not be informed that a route is invalid, so they could attempt to send packets over the bad route and cause a problem known as a routing loop. Therefore, route poisoning is used in conjunction with holddowns to keep update messages from falsely reinstating the validity of a bad route. This prevents routing loops, improving the overall efficiency of the network.

title: Route poisoning


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User talk:Andy prohias

Welcome, from Journalist
Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Journalist ''' C. Holla @ me! |undefined
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
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title: User talk:Andy prohias


text:
User talk:Bdmcnitt

A welcome from Sango123
Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions; I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We're glad to have you in our community! Here are a few good links for newcomers:

 * If you haven't already, drop by the New user log and tell others a bit about yourself.
 * Always sign your posts on talk pages! That way, others will know who left which comments.
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * Simplified Ruleset
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Wikipedia Glossary
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also the Topical index.

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Though we all make goofy mistakes, here is what Wikipedia is not. If you have any questions or concerns, don't hesitate to see the help pages or add a question to the village pump. The Community Portal can also be very useful.

Happy Wiki-ing!

-- Sango  123  23:09, August 25, 2005 (UTC)

P.S. Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you need help with anything or simply wish to say hello. :)

title: User talk:Bdmcnitt


text: File:The Deep End.jpg

title: File:The Deep End.jpg


text:
Talk:Robert II of France

birth?
What is the basis for this birthdate given for Robert II? As far as I an aware, no contemporary source gives such an exact birthdate. His biographer, Helgaud of Fleury, states that the king was aged 60 when he died on July 20, 1031. If correct, this would place Robert's birth around 970/971. Missi 23:09, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

Burgundy
Why is it said that Robert's 1003 invasion of Burgundy was thwarted until 1016, while several other articles say that Burgundy was annexed to Kingdom of France in 1004? (e.g. Otto-William, Duke of Burgundy)

Weird sentence
After Robert became king he did as his father and crowned his eldest son Hugh Magnus as his successor. But, due to Prince Hugh Magnus' death, another son, Henri, became king.

I am going to delete the above sentence from the article. Hugh Magnus was Robert's grandfather. I am not aware the Robert had a son named Hugh.

Momoboy 19:13, 27 August 2006 (UTC)Momoboy

Another weird sentence
I am going to remove:

His eldest son Hugh Magnus died suddenly while in rebellion against his father.

As I stated above, Hugh magnus was not the son of Robert II

Momoboy 19:23, 27 August 2006 (UTC)Momoboy

 * Hugh Magnus was definitely his eldest son and co-king. It is not the same person as the father of Hugh Capet. You should not have removed those sentences. Srnec 12:16, 21 September 2006 (UTC)

Explanation of edits (Apr 2007)
Here it is: I hope this is sufficient to prevent any edit war. Srnec 03:13, 18 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Image — the Laurens image is actually a cultural representation, and at least it represents something that actually ocurred. The other image is just a madeup textbook image with no correspondence to the real Robert or anything he did. It has no informative value, hence it is not encyclopaedic and the Laurens image is to be preferred.
 * Removal of Direct Capetians template — as is, the template is mostly just a picture of a coat of arms which Robert didn't use and a listing of two of his four sons (of perhaps 7 children). It provides no extra information and just takes up space. There is nothing in the MoS mandating it.
 * Listing of children — the redundancy is an insult to readers' intellligence. If the infobox is going to provide the list, there is no reason to provide a full list elsewhere. It is convenient that at the moment, the infobox lists the three children mentioned in the body text and the section "Children" mentions the rest.

 * The infobox portrait gives a better depiction of him: I do not see why both pictures cannot be used; dynastic templates are a standard feature in articles on monarchs; listing of all marriages and children under that heading is good practise. Michael  Sanders 15:31, 18 April 2007 (UTC)
 * The portrat is not a depiction of him. It is fantasy with no connection to reality. Why don't you admit this? Srnec 15:34, 18 April 2007 (UTC)

Template
The template was removed because the large fleur-de-lis was an inaccuracy. Srnec 19:13, 26 April 2007 (UTC)

Excommunication
Whose genealogy has Bertha of Burgundy being Robert II's cousin? I had understood Robert as having been the godfather of one of her children from an earlier marriage (thus still incest in the eyes of the Church). But, our article on Bertha says she has no children (directly contradicting the French book that I'm using as a reference). Is the actual relationship disputed? Should we make mention of this? 74.140.196.72 00:04, 5 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Robert's Paternal Grandmother, Hedwig of Saxony, and Bertha's Maternal Grandmother, Gerberga of Saxony, were sisters: daughters of King Henry I of Germany & St. Matilda. Gecko G (talk) 20:10, 28 November 2010 (UTC)

Definitely not king of "the Franks"
Robert II. never ever had been a "king of the Franks". He had been king of the Western part of the former Frankish empire for a while. The area he had been holding then, was about 30% of what the original "Kings of the Franks" once held. Therefore, Robert was rather a ruler of a part of some regions of today's France, i.e. Western parts of a Frankish, but sort of proto French area, long before modern France had been established in the 17th century and by attacks on neighbouring countries and other war related expansions later on. In his days, Robert II. had been seen and described as a ruler of the most Western part of the former Frankish realm, nothing more than this. 2003:D5:5F17:1100:35D0:80D1:2D95:27C2 (talk) 15:39, 14 April 2022 (UTC)

Heretics: Loaded terminology
I think it's important to note that heretics in the Middle Ages pertained more to would-be teachers, and not simply those either, but those who maintained their doctrine obstinately, that is, by admitting to certain authorities and cherry-picking their teachings to draw privately-favored conclusions to win status. But the article may have you thinking it pertains simply to possessing differing beliefs with no allowance made for the merely misinformed, uninformed or those confused by logical illusions. I'm particularly concerned with the impression it might leave with women, many of whom are of a sympathetic nature and to whom the bullying picture such a substitution of terms would originate might unfairly induce a repulsion in them toward quite innocent and well-meaning agents of the Catholic Church. Surely there are many who would sooner side against persons cashing in on the prestige of the Catholic Church, were they to be made aware of such rendering of profits from producing in their hearers the cheap novelty of hearing plausible but maliciously-constructed arguments that seem to set an enormous social institution at odds with itself.

In fact, the whole section reads like that, with respect to the adverse employment of terminology and to the point of seeming to show a deliberate design and multiplying the inaccuracy and unfairness.

I hope we can take steps soon to alleviate this burden on our religious heritage so we can once again reap whatever positive influence it can provide for today as we remember the 1,000th anniversary of the reign of this esteemed king. 99.149.179.43 (talk) 04:30, 14 May 2022 (UTC)

ancestry ahnentafel
please leave the ahnentafel up for others and please add extra sources much appriecated Briannemartindale (talk) 02:16, 31 October 2022 (UTC)
 * There is no requirement for others to add sources .. when an editor adds information, they should add sources that support the information, not leave that for others to do. And in this particular situation- the source you're attempting to use says at the top "The following outline ancestor table for Henry II should not be regarded as definitive" - so it's hardly a reliable source as WP:RS is defined. Even if it was a reliable source, it does not agree with the given information in this article - it does not give any ancestors for Adelaide and specifically marks her as "Individuals marked "***" indicate known problem areas" - so .. your "source" does not support the information given in this article, which is a no-no for editing wikipedia. Ealdgyth (talk) 14:10, 31 October 2022 (UTC)
 * @Ealdgyth
 * if you don't like my sources please add your own but don't remove my ahnentafel 's thanks brianne martindale Briannemartindale (talk) 14:20, 31 October 2022 (UTC)
 * That is not how Wikipedia works. If your sources do not support the information given .. the information shouldn't be included. And if you add sources that do not support already given information, it is not some other editor's job to fix your bad sources - they should be removed. It is YOUR job to add sources that correctly support the information you add them to. Ealdgyth (talk) 14:32, 31 October 2022 (UTC)
 * @Ealdgyth
 * you and several others are removing the ahnentafel s even after a source is given which is starting to cause an edit war  which i want no part of
 * if you don't like the source please remove the source and leave up the ahnentafel s because there are many other ahnentafel s with no sources and they are being left alone and only mine are getting removed Diane, Duchess of Württemberg is just one example and here more examples Philipp Albrecht, Duke of Württemberg Archduchess Rosa of Austria and the examples could go on Briannemartindale (talk) 14:41, 31 October 2022 (UTC)
 * You are not reading what I'm saying. It isn't my job to fix your sources. And WP:OTHERSTUFFEXISTS is a good guideline - I do not have those articles watchlisted, so they aren't a concern for ME. Your sources are not reliable, and thus, additions with those sources should not stay. There is also the issue of the undue-ness of the extraneous ancestries and you would also do well to read WP:NOTGENEALOGY. Please do not ping me EVERY time you reply to me, I'm obviously watching this page and do not need to be paged constantly. It's not my job to be at your beck and call either - which is what these repeated pings feel like. Ealdgyth (talk) 14:52, 31 October 2022 (UTC)
 * A poor source here is being added again, it's been explained why this is a poor source and why it does not support the information its being attached to in the article. A further source here is added, but this source does not support anything about the ancestor table except that Robert was the son of Hugh Capet. The source does NOT give any other ancestors of Robert's. Please stop repeatedly inserting sources that do not support the information given and that have been objected to. Ealdgyth (talk) 12:45, 1 November 2022 (UTC)

I concur with Ealdgyth. Please stop adding these. Wikipedia is not a genealogy website. We are supposed to include genealogy charts only if they are included in scholarly works specializing in the subject. Surtsicna (talk) 17:56, 1 November 2022 (UTC)

 * @Surtsicna@Ealdgyth
 * the problem i have is not the sources are getting removed it's the ahnentafels getting removed
 * i don't mind the sources getting removed but what is bothering me is that my ahnentafels are getting removed when other pages have them with no sources attached to them and they are not getting removed
 * for me either all stay up or all get taken down today
 * thanks brianne martindale Briannemartindale (talk) 23:02, 1 November 2022 (UTC)
 * Go ahead and take them all down today. I do not care. Surtsicna (talk) 23:31, 1 November 2022 (UTC)
 * @Surtsicna
 * you take them all down or i will put back my ahnentafels without the sources
 * i have tried to be polite and respectful and i will continue to do so
 * you can not fight hatred with hatred you can only hatred with love
 * have a blessed day thanks brianne martindale Briannemartindale (talk) 00:23, 2 November 2022 (UTC)
 * @Surtsicna
 * have a blessed day in the name of Jesus Christ
 * thanks brianne martindale Briannemartindale (talk) 00:39, 2 November 2022 (UTC)

Those ahnentafels are a relic of Wikipedia's past. If we are going to have any kind of family tree? It should be vertical, including only the parents & grandparents. GoodDay (talk) 17:42, 2 November 2022 (UTC)

What Roman imperial custom was that?
Robert II reinstated the Roman imperial custom of burning heretics at the stake, says the article. So far as I know, Priscillian was the only heretic burned at the stake before the canons of Orleans. I wouln't call one person a custom. Rwflammang (talk) 02:53, 16 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Robert II of France


text:
Latourell Falls

Latourell Falls is a waterfall along the Columbia River Gorge in the U.S. state of Oregon, within Guy W. Talbot State Park.

The Historic Columbia River Highway passes nearby, and at certain locations the Lower falls are visible from the road. Near the base of the falls, a parking lot and path were erected to assist visitors to the site. Visitors must hike along the 2.1 mi loop trail to see the upper falls.

The Latourell Creek Bridge, below the falls, is a contributing structure in the Historic Columbia River Highway's listing on the National Register of Historic Places and in its designation as a National Historic Landmark.

Latourell is unique among the best-known Columbia Gorge waterfalls, in the way that it drops straight down from an overhanging basalt cliff. Most of those falls (even the famous Multnomah Falls) tumble to some degree.

Latourell Falls is an excellent example of columnar basalt formations.

title: Latourell Falls


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Julian lwin

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Sjakkalle (Check!)  06:57, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

Julian lwin
Came across this by clicking "Random article", and it doesn't look like there is any claim to notability for this fellow. In the absence of evidence that this man is not just a regular designer (66 unique Google hits, none of which seem to indicate that this is not the case), this article ought to be deleted. — Ливай | Ⓣ 23:10, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete agree with nominator. No assertion of notability should make this an A7 candidate. Dottore So 18:12, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - Not notable - Tεx  τ  urε  21:10, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
List of Suzuki engines

This is a list of automobile engines developed and sold by the Suzuki Motor Corporation. Suzuki is unusual in never having made a pushrod automobile engine, and in having depended on two-strokes for longer than most. Their first four-stroke engine was the SOHC F8A, which appeared in 1977. Suzuki continued to offer a two-stroke engine in an automotive application for a considerably longer time than any other Japanese manufacturer.

Suzulight SF Series
360.88 cc air-cooled 2-stroke, 59x66 mm bore × stroke (downsleeved copy of Lloyd LP400 engine)
 * 1955–1959 Suzulight SF
 * 1959–1963 Suzulight 360TL / Van 360 (TL)
 * 1962–1963 Suzulight Fronte TLA

FB Series

 * 1961–1972 – Suzuki FB engine – air-cooled 359 cc
 * 1963–1969 – Suzuki FE/FE2 engine – air-cooled 359 cc, FF applications
 * 1972–1976 – Suzuki L50 engine – water-cooled 359 cc
 * 1974–1976 – Suzuki L60 engine – water-cooled 446 cc (export only)

FA/FC (prototype)
360 cc 2-stroke, 64x56 mm bore/stroke. This prototype produced 25 bhp at 6000 rpm. It was fitted to a rear-engined prototype (also named FC) in 1961, as part of the development work for the LC10 Fronte.

Daihatsu's AB10

 * 1977.6–1978 – Daihatsu AB10 engine – 0.55 L

E08A engine

 * 2015–2020 – see Diesel engines section – 0.8 L

C engine — 2-stroke

 * C10 — 785 cc 70x68 mm
 * 1965.12–1969.10 Suzuki Fronte 800
 * C20 — 1100 cc – 80 PS prototype engine for intended Suzuki Fronte 1100

LC engine

1967–1977 – Suzuki LC engine – 0.36–0.48 L

FB engine
1975–1987 – FB Series – 0.54 L Rather than being a newly developed engine, the T5 series is essentially an FB/L50 2-cylinder with a third cylinder added, its origins thus dating back to 1961.

F engine
1980–2022 – F engine (three-cylinder) – 0.5–0.8 L

G engine
1984–2006 – G engine (three-cylinder) 1.0 L

K engine
1994–present – K engine (three-cylinder) – 0.7–1.0 L

R engine
2011–present – 0.7 L

Z engine
2023–present – 1.2 L

Z12E
Developed as the successor of K12 engine, introduced first in November 2023. It is also available with mild hybrid configuration, combined with ISG unit.

 * Displacement: 1197 cc
 * Bore and stroke: 74 mm x 92.8 mm
 * Valvetrain: DOHC, 12-valve, Dual VVT
 * Compression ratio: 13–13.9
 * Maximum power:
 * 82-83 PS at 5700 rpm
 * Maximum torque:
 * 108-112 N.m at 4500 rpm

Applications:
 * 2023–present Suzuki Swift

F engine
1979–present – F engine (four-cylinder) – 0.7–1.1 L

G engine
1984–present – G engine (four-cylinder) – 1.0–1.6 L

J engine
1996–2019 – J engine (four-cylinder) – 1.8–2.4 L

K engine
1997–present – K engine (four-cylinder) – 1.0–1.5 L

M engine
1999–present – M engine– 1.3–1.8 L

E15A engine
2019–2020 – see Diesel engines section – 1.5 L

H engine
1994–2009 – H engine – 2.0–2.7 L

N engine
2006–2009 – N engine – 3.2–3.6 L

D engine
2006–present – D engine – 1.3–2.0 L

Licensed from Fiat/FCA:
 * D13A 1.3 L (1,248 cc) 4-cylinder
 * Suzuki Wagon R+ (Europe)
 * 2007–2013 — Suzuki SX4 sedan
 * 2009–2016 — Suzuki Splash/Maruti Suzuki Ritz
 * 2012–2019 — Suzuki Ertiga
 * 2014–2019 — Suzuki Ciaz
 * 2017–2019 — Suzuki Ignis
 * 2008–2020 — Suzuki Dzire
 * 2006–2020 — Suzuki Swift
 * 2013–2020 — Suzuki S-Cross
 * 2015–2020 — Suzuki Baleno
 * 2015–2020 — Suzuki Vitara Brezza
 * D16A 1.6 L (1,598 cc) 4-cylinder
 * 2015–present — Suzuki SX4 S-Cross
 * 2015–present — Suzuki Vitara
 * D19A 1.9 L (1,910 cc) 4-cylinder
 * 2006–2009 — Suzuki SX4 (Europe)
 * D20A 2.0 L (1,956 cc) 4-cylinder
 * 2010–2014 — Suzuki SX4 (Europe)

E engine

 * E08A — 0.8 L (793 cc) 2-cylinder
 * The E08A engine is a short-lived diesel engine engineered mostly for the Indian market. It is a small inline twin 4-stroke diesel engine with a bore × stroke of 77 x 85.1 mm, giving 793 cc. As a 360° parallel twin it features a Balance shaft located beside the crankshaft. This all aluminium engine is turbocharged and intercooled, has a 15:1 compression ratio and a DOHC cylinder head with 8 valves. Power output depends heavily on the application.
 * 2015–2017 Suzuki Celerio with 35 kW at 3500 min−1 and 125 Nm at 2000 min−1.
 * 2016–2020 Suzuki Super Carry (India & Philippines) with 24 kW at 3500 min−1 and 75 Nm at 2000 min−1.

 * E15A — 1.5 L (1,498 cc) 4-cylinder
 * 2019–2020 Suzuki Ciaz (India)
 * 2019–2020 Suzuki Ertiga (India)

title: List of Suzuki engines


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Capitanes de Arecibo

The Capitanes de Arecibo are a Puerto Rican professional basketball team based in Arecibo that competes in the Baloncesto Superior Nacional (BSN) league. In 2010, the team also had the distinction to play in the Premier Basketball League (PBL) under the name Capitanes de Puerto Rico. The team began play in the league in 1946. Home games are held at Manuel Iguina Coliseum, which the team shares with the Capitanes de Arecibo men's volleyball team.

The team has won eight BSN Championships (1959, 2005, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2016, 2018 and 2021) and has had a total 17 finals appearances, being a runner-up 9 times (1932, 1946, 1948, 1961, 1966, 1992, 2007, 2012, 2014, 2015, 2017). Capitanes is the only team to participate in all editions of the FIBA Americas League, having entered the final four twice (finishing 2nd in 2010 and 3rd in 2013).

Early years
In 1946, coached by Wilfredo Franco, Tingo Díaz, Piro Méndez and for a pre-Olympic tournament, the Capitanes emerged. A group of young athletes, mostly from Arecibo, like: Manuel Gilberto (Petaca) Iguina, Quicón Iguina, Abdiel de la Rosa, Alberto Renta, Joaquín Balaguer, Armando Villamil, y Pipe Beníquez showed themselves to be a part of it and dominated the sport in Puerto Rico, finishing in second place.

On August 19, 1959, the Capitanes won their first basketball championship against the Rio Piedras Cardinals at the Rodríguez Olmo Stadium in Arecibo. They were coached by Lou Rossinni, and the heroes of that series were Jaime Frontera, Francisco Pancho Padilla, Felipito Colón, Bill MacCadney, José (Fufi) Santori Coll, Moisés Navedo, José Rodríguez Gómez, Eddie Martínez, José Vázquez, José Aponte, Angel Morales, Jaime Miranda, Joe Phillip Padilla hijo, Ramón Siraguza, Enrique Miranda, and Sitín García. This team is the only team in BSN history to have gone the entire season, including the playoffs, undefeated.

In 1992, coached by Alfred “Butch” Lee, the Capitanes returned to the BSN Finals with elite players Ferdinand Morales, Rafael Hernandez, Giovanni Colón, Fitz Roy Brow, Juan Griles, Orlando Febres, Bryan and Mark Santiago, losing a hard-fought series against the Ponce Lions.

Restructuring
The Capitanes in 2002 wrote another page in the history of their city and the BSN when the so-called "kids" broke the predictions of the media and basketball analysts by taking a semi-final series to Game 7 with young talents Giovanni Jiménez, Rick Apodaca, Buster Figueroa, Pachy Cruz and David Cortes; and veterans Félix Javier Perez, Javier Rolón and Oscar Chiaramello.

In 2005, general manager Regino Babilonia hired Carlos Mario Rivera as head coach and the Captains again won the BSN Championship (4-0) over the Bayamón Cowboys.

In 2007, with David Rosario at the command of the Captain Ship, and the fiery players Rafael “Pachy” Cruz, Ángel “Buster” Figueroa, David Cortes, Carlos Payano and Marcus Fizer as reinforcement, the Capitanes returned to the BSN Finals. In a historic, sold-out Game 7 at the Jose Miguel Agrelot Coliseum, where 75% of the attendees were from Captain Correa City, the Arecibo Captains came back from a 20-point fourth-quarter deficit to force an overtime. In a hard-fought and emotional series of plays and calls, the Captains came up just short of another championship.

During the 2008 season, the Capitanes advanced again to the finals against the Carolina Giants. The series went to seven games, with both teams winning three games at home. Arecibo won the seventh game, 99-94, for the third championship in the franchise's history. Ángel Figueroa was selected the Finals' Most Valuable Player.

2005 Championship
It was forty-six years since the Captains succeeded in that first championship. That was on August 19, 1959. They came short in 1966 when they lost in overtime against Ponce and in a seventh game finals held at the court of Manuel Carrasquillo Herpen Country Club. In 1992 the attorney Hiram Ruiz saw the Lions come from behind in the series to thwart another major celebration in Arecibo.

In 2005, there were doubts. However, unlike the team of 1959, the 2005 edition played with many ups and downs during the regular season and also in the "round robin", for example beating the best in the league but losing to last-placed teams. The reason for not dominating as expected was the failure of the team's "Refuerzo" (reinforcement player), former rebounding leader and prolific scorer, center Nick Davis, who did not meet the team and fan's expectations, as well as his following replacements until the arrival of Richard Lugo.

In the "round robin" the Captains won five and lost as many games. The team was torn between changing Dickey Simpkins or staying with the player that looked more like a fifth man with the added reinforcement that was hurt.

With all that were chosen as a finalist in the analyzes that the Cowboys favored above all others for having excelled in the second stage of the tournament. Unlike the 1959 champion who went undefeated, these Captains had to earn their stripes.

The Captains got a breaks with the elimination of Ponce. The Lions were the best team that could match-up with the Captains and successfully handle the full-court press.

The Captains then faced a remodeled Santurce, with former Nigerian NBA player Olumide Oyedeji. The series became complicated and unpredictable.

It was then that Edgar Padilla appeared on the scene.

Bayamón could not run with Arecibo and Flor Melendez knew that he could control the tempo of the game in the first two games of this final series. Both were very close games. Despite these woes, the Vaquero fans hoped Bayamon would come back. This was dispelled as soon as Richard Lugo was able to play for the Captains in game three.

After the Cowboys rallied to win game four and force a fifth game, the Captains closed out the series in game five. Larry Ayuso scored 40 points on offense and played defense well in that closing game.

2008 Championship
On June 28, 2008, Capitanes de Arecibo defeated Gigantes de Carolina in 7 games to win their third championship, Angel Luis Figueroa scored 33 points and Roberto Jose Hatton scored 20 points. Ángel Figueroa was selected the Finals' Most Valuable Player.

2010 Championship
The reconquest of the National Superior Basketball League Championship is a fact. The Arecibo Capitanes are the new Champions of the BSN. The national title was achieved Saturday, July 3, 2010, at the Rubén Rodríguez Coliseum in Bayamón at night. Incidentally, the Capitanes became the first team in the history of the BSN, to win a seventh and deciding game as the visiting team. The final score of the game it was 73 - 62. The match had to be stopped and subsequently confiscated, because the team's fans of Bayamón, began throwing objects onto the court and the game could not be terminated. We the game was stopped, there was still 1:42 on the clock, but Arecibo had absolute control of the game. It is noteworthy that this is the second Championship won by the Capitanes in the past three tournaments of the BSN.

At the beginning of the meeting the atmosphere was worthy of a seventh game. Donta smith immediately began the annotations for Bayamón, but Larry Ayuso did not remain with folded arms. In the first five minutes of action, Ayuso had already made three triples. Then, when the clock struck 4:48, Danilo Pinncok managed a basket that gave them the first lead in the game 13 - 12. After this move Bayamón managed to take advantage on the board 19 - 17. All this so that in the next moves, Guillermo Díaz scoring three free throws and Danny Santiago make a dunk that brought the Capitanes to dominate the first quarter 22 - 19.

The start of the second period for Arecibo was very explosive. The Capitanes opened with a push of 7-0, thanks to a triple by Larry Ayuso and two consecutive baskets by Danilo Pinnock. At that time, Arecibo took off on the scoreboard 29 - 19. Incidentally, those were the first points of a rally that did Danilo Pinnock. He scored eight consecutive points for Arecibo. The Vaqueros tried to answer with some baskets of Christian Dalmau and Robert Traylor, but the Capitanes managed to close strong at the half. After twenty minutes of action the Capitanes had twelve-point advantage, 43 - 31. During that first half, Larry Ayuso and Danilo Pinnock combined to make between them, thirty-three points. Captains also dominated the rebounds 20 - 11. Also they were perfect from the free throw line.

The second half began with an offensive push for the Vaqueros. They managed six points, but Guillermo Díaz was able to answer with triple when subtracted 7:53 on the clock. To this, Danilo Pinncok added two free throws, but Bayamón answered with a triple by Christian Dalmau. On the next play, Danny Santiago make a triple with 4:45 detracted. Then, Bayamón answered with five straight points, but Danilo Pinncok score four straight points and David Cortés scored two points to keep Arecibo in front. When subtract only 45 seconds of the period, Larry Ayuso achieved another triple. Arecibo closed the quarter 62 - 50 for Arecibo.

The fourth quarter began with an exchange of baskets by both, but the Capitanes knew how to answer on every possession. Larry Ayuso achieved another triple with 7:32 left and the score was 68–57 at the time. Plays later, Carmelo Lee scored a field goal by Bayamón, but this was answered immediately by the Capitanes. David Cortés managed a shot and Danny Santiago make another. In this way Arecibo was leading 72 - 60, while still detracted 3:45 left in the game. Bayamón managed to score three extra points, before they culminate the event. This was so because on the last play of the game, Danny Santiago achieved an impressive steal. After the steal, Andrés Rodríguez gets the ball and he received a hard foul that led him to the free throw line. Before Andrés Rodríguez could make his attempts, the fans from Bayamón began a relentless rain of objects and this forced the League officials to confiscate the game in Arecibo's favor. At that time, there is still 1:42 to play, but the game was largely dominated by Arecibo 73 - 62. Thus, the Arecibo Capitanes won their fourth championship of the BSN (1959, 2005, 2008 and 2010).

The best scorers for the team Bayamón were: Christian Dalmau with 22 points and Carmelo Lee with 11. While for Arecibo, four players were in double figures. The best it was, Larry Ayuso with 23 points. By the way, Ayuso was declared the MVP of the Final Series. Then followed by: Danilo Pinnock who scored 21 points, Daniel Santiago with 11 points and Guillermo Diaz, who had 11 points, 10 rebounds and five assists.

2011 Repeating as Champions
On August 1, 2011 Capitanes de Arecibo defeated Piratas de Quebradillas in 5 games (4-1) to win their fifth National Superior Basketball Championship. Guillermo Díaz was chosen as the Most Valuable Player.¡El Back to Back es un hecho!

The Back to Back is a fact! The Arecibo Captains succeeded for the first time in its history the feat of winning two consecutive championships in the National Superior Basketball League. Turn became the first team to achieve in the decade. He managed the Arecibo was reached on Monday, August 1, 2011 at the Coliseo Manuel "Flask" Iguina Arecibo, when the captains were able to defeat the Pirates of Quebradillas 79 74. For the Arecibo Championship fifth national title means (1959, 2005, 2008, 2010 and 2011) and in turn is its fifth finals in seven years. The Championship game was witnessed by over 12,000 fans.

For the second time during the Final Series, the Captains came out strong in the offensive side of the court. Consecutive triples Larry Ayuso and David Cortes took off immediately to Arecibo on the scoreboard. To make matters worse, Danilo Pinnock prescribed another triple and this allowed Arecibo took off 13 by 6. Quebradillas did not remain with arms folded and responded with two straight triples David Huertas. These triples came to the Pirates 13 by 12. Seconds later, the Captains got their second run offensive night, being at this time a 9-0. After the first ten minutes of action, Arecibo was ahead on the scoreboard 24 by 18.

In the second part, hostilities have stabilized a bit. Arecibo and Quebradillas engaged in an exchange of baskets and this allowed the Pirates will mount in the notes field. Just when Quebradillas had approached 35 by 30, Arecibo reacted with a "rally" 7-0 and went away again. Despite this, the Pirates scored four goals in line and was in this way ended the first half. The score at that time favored by 42 Captains 34. Seconds before, Puruco Latimer, had to leave the party injured left shoulder.

In the second half of the offensive game was rather slow for both quintets. Arecibo was the first to wake up with two triples and a field goal from Larry Ayuso. After that, Quebradillas answered with a push of 6-0. At that moment the game was 50 by 42 and was just as PJ Tucker received a technical foul. Both free throws were converted the technical foul for Larry Ayuso. Later, Peter John Ramos scored six points for the Pirates string and these were answered by seven consecutive Danny Santiago of Arecibo. After this exchange, both quintets baskets managed to finish the third set. The score reflected a clear advantage for the Captains of 62 by 52.

The last ten minutes of action began with five goals of the Captains, but the Pirates were able to respond with their offense. Quebradillas was a "rally" of 8-0 and approached 66 to 60 on the scoreboard. In those moments when it seemed that resurface Quebradillas, the figure of Guillermo Diaz. He was lord and master of the show and made two free throws and hit a triple that sentenced the Pirates to defeat. Quebradillas failed to rise and so the clock expired, giving the Captains its fifth national title. The game ended with a score of 79 by 74.

Top scorers for the Quebradillas team were: David Huertas with 26 and Peter John Ramos with 23. While on the Champions, as they were featured: Larry Ayuso with 22 and Danilo Pinnock had 18 points and 9 rebounds. Meanwhile, Guillermo Diaz scored 14 points and had the honor of being selected by the members of the press as the MVP of the Final Series

Capitanes de Arecibo win 2 straight Championships (2010, 2011) and their fourth championship in 7 years.

Premier Basketball League (2010)
The PBL began its third season in 2010 with nine teams. The Capitanes were one of three expansion teams. For PBL play, the Capitanes take the name of Puerto Rico rather than their home city. The Capitanes established two different talent pools. As well as the original BSN team, they had a roster for PBL play that included selections in that league's player draft. Their subsequent first signings were Andrés Rodríguez and Bonzi Wells. Other international players signed by the Capitanes during the off-season were Elías Larry Ayuso, Angelo Reyes and Walter Hodge. Antonio Látimer and José Rosario completed the signings, while Hodge left during the season to join the Cangrejeros. Their performance earned the team constant inclusion in MLN Sports' basketball rankings, debuting in the fourth spot. During the undefeated streak, David Rosario was named PBL Coach of the Month for January.

The team won its first series against the Maryland GreenHawks, with scores of 109:100 and 99:91. The Capitanes subsequently won their first contests against the Manchester Millrats (116:104) and Vermont Frost Heaves (114:103), establishing a lead in the league's standings. The Capitanes' next game was against the team that held the second place in the standing, the Lawton-Fort Sill Cavalry (3-0), winning with scores of 101:94. The team won its first contests against the Buffalo Stampede (114:89), Halifax Rainmen (108:101) and Quebec Kebs (93:86). After two weeks of inactivity, the Capitanes began a series of away games defeating the GreenHawks 111:93. On March 21, 2010 the game between the Rainmen from Halifax and the Capitanes was played after the game had been canceled due to bad weather the previous time it had been scheduled. The score was 106:94, Capitanes.

Expulsion from the PBL
In March 2010, the PBL announced that it was forced to expel the franchise due to an alleged failure to adhere to its rules & guidelines. Among the violations cited were, failing to appear at road games, failure to pay amount owed to the league, and lack of communication with league officers. At the moment, the team held the second best record in the league and had secured a spot in the playoffs.

The Capitanes responded by hiring one of Puerto Rico's top litigation attorneys, Lee Sepulvado of the law firm Sepulvado & Maldonado. The team's lawyers filed a complaint seeking a temporary restraining order and a preliminary injunction before federal court in Puerto Rico. The PBL hired O'Neill & Borges, one of Puerto Rico's top law firms and was represented by attorney Salvador Antonetti Stutts whom attended Harvard Law School and is a former Solicitor General of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.

After the attorneys conducted oral arguments before Federal Judge Juan Perez Gimenez the court entered a temporary restraining order against the PBL instructing the league to immediately reinstate the Capitanes and allow them to participate in the 2010 playoffs. Shortly thereafter the PBL agreed to the issuance of a preliminary injunction order formally reinstating the team.

The matter received extensive media coverage and the PBL was forced to accept its wrongdoing by setting aside the expulsion of the team. The Capitanes vehemently denied the charges and all along insisted their only goal was to win in the basketball court and not the legal court.

2007 FIBA Americas League
As runners-up of the 2007 BSN season, the Capitanes were selected to represent Puerto Rico in the first edition of the FIBA Americas League, along with the BSN-champion Santurce Crabbers. Before the competition began, the Capitanes' coach, David Rosario, stated that the team's preparation was intense so that they would be able to adapt in order to match the advantage expected to be presented by Fuerza Regia and Halcones Xalapa, since the tournament occurred in the middle of the Liga Nacional de Baloncesto Profesional season.

Domestic

 * BSN Championship:
 * Winner (8): 1959, 2005, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2016, 2018, 2021
 * Runner-up (11): 1932, 1946, 1948, 1961, 1966, 1992, 2007, 2012, 2014, 2015,2017
 * Copa Supermercados Hatillo Kash & Karry:
 * Winner (6): 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2014, 2015
 * Copa Iván ‘Cano’ Jirau:
 * Winner (1): 2018

International

 * FIBA Americas League:
 * Runner-up (1): 2010–2011.

Championship head coaches

 * Lou Rossini: 1959
 * Carlos Mario Rivera: 2005
 * David Rosario: 2008, 2010, 2011
 * Rafael Cruz: 2016, 2018, 2021

Notable players

 * 🇵🇷 Elias "Larry" Ayuso (No. 10)
 * 🇵🇷 Guillermo Diaz (No. 1)
 * 🇳🇬 Chinemelu Elonu
 * 🇵🇷 Angel "Buster" Figueroa (No. 33)
 * 🇵🇷 Walter Hodge (No. 15)
 * 🇵🇷 David Huertas (No. 33)
 * 🇵🇷 Fufi Santori
 * 🇵🇦 Rolando Frazer
 * 🇺🇸 Renaldo Balkman (No. 32)
 * 🇺🇸🇮🇱 D'or Fischer
 * 🇺🇸 Marcus Fizer (No. 23)
 * 🇺🇸 Tony Massenburg
 * 🇺🇸 D. J. Strawberry
 * 🇺🇸 Bonzi Wells

Head coaches

 * 🇺🇸 Lou Rossini
 * 🇵🇷 Carlos Mario Rivera
 * 🇵🇷 David Rosario
 * 🇵🇷 Rafael Cruz

title: Capitanes de Arecibo


text:
Alan Durning

Alan Durning (born November 7, 1964, as Alan Bresler Durning, then Alan Thein Durning from 1991 to 2008) is the founder and executive director of the Sightline Institute (formerly Northwest Environment Watch), a nonprofit organization based in Seattle, Washington, U.S..

Durning grew up in Seattle, spent his high school years in Chevy Chase, Maryland, and attended Oberlin College during the mid-1980s. From 1986 to 1993, Durning worked as a researcher at the Worldwatch Institute in Washington, D.C. In 1993, Durning returned to Seattle and founded Northwest Environment Watch.

Durning is the author or coauthor of dozens of books and articles. His published books include, among others:
 * How Much Is Enough?: The Consumer Society and the Future of the Earth
 * This Place on Earth: Home and the Practice of Permanence
 * The Car and the City
 * Misplaced Blame: The Real Roots of Population Growth
 * Stuff: The Secret Lives of Everyday Things
 * Tax Shift
 * Green Collar Jobs: Working in the New Northwest
 * Unlocking Home: Three Keys to Affordable Communities

Durning's newspaper and magazine articles have appeared in more than 100 periodicals, including The New York Times, Los Angeles Times, Washington Post, Foreign Policy, and Slate. Durning has been a commentator on National Public Radio and has lectured at universities, conferences, and at the White House.

title: Alan Durning


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sirius Software

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was keep. --Tony Sidaway Talk 01:43, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

Sirius Software
Not notable, possible vanity. Mirror Vax 23:12, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Encyclopedic article about a software company that produced a lot of material for the Apple II in the 80's. A Google search for "Sirius Software" "Apple II" returns 13,200 hits. —Charles O'Rourke 23:16, August 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Disclaimer:  I'm the author of the article.  That being said:  how can Sirius Software possibly be considered "vanity?"  As for notability, I guess one could debate it, but they had an entire chapter in Steven Levy's book Hackers devoted to them, as is indicated in the article.  MirrorVax, could you indicate your criteria for notability here?  I want to make sure I understand the objections. Nandesuka 23:28, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy keep. Just because they were active in the 1980s and shut down over 20 years ago doesn't mean they can't be included here.  I'd say they're just as notable as Electronic Arts, id Software, or any other video game company. --Idont Havaname 00:52, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy keep per IDHAN. Sdedeo 01:00, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Notable company.Amren (talk)  03:00, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy keep. Not notable? How soon they forget. Notable for historical reasons if nothing else. 23skidoo 05:08, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy keep and delist.  —RaD Man (talk) 06:32, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. sigh. Trollderella 06:57, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep 1980s software companies for major systems which get mentions in book are notable. (Although I'd like to see: Sirius was noted for its dramatically quick rise to prominence and its equally quick collapse. changed to something less dramatic). - Mgm|(talk) 08:31, August 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Artemida, Attica

Artemida (Αρτέμιδα, until 1977 Loutsa, Λούτσα) is an Eastern suburb of Athens. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Spata-Artemida, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 18.653 km2.

History
The city was named after the ancient goddess Artemis. The Temple of Artemis Brauron was among the most important sacred sites in the ancient times. Vravrona (or Brauron), about 20 km from Athens, was one of the 12 towns of Attica that was united to Athens by Theseus. The ancient temple of Artemis is of Doric style and flourished in the 5th-4th century B.C. According to a myth, this is the temple where Iphigeneia was brought by her brother Orestes, when they met in the land of Tauris, where she served as a priestess in a local temple of Artemis. Iphigeneia had been transferred to Tauris by goddess Artemis herself, when she saved her from the sacrifice in Aulis. Returning to Greece, Iphigeneia brought with her a wooden statue of Artemis from Tauris.

Geography
Artemida is located on the Aegean Sea coast, in the eastern part of the Attica peninsula. It lies 5 km south of Rafina, 8 km east of Spata, 9 km north of Porto Rafti and 25 km east of Athens city centre. Greek National Road 85 (Rafina - Lavrio) passes through the town.

title: Artemida, Attica


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Portal:Spain/Did you know

 * ...that the National Mint of Jubia was created in an attempt to counter a shortage of coin production in Spain during the Peninsular War?
 * ...that Fidel Castro is of Galician descent?
 * ...that Galvez did more for the independence of the United States than Lafayette?

title: Portal:Spain/Did you know


text: User talk:70.225.60.49

title: User talk:70.225.60.49


text: User talk:83.79.60.224

title: User talk:83.79.60.224


text: Template:Hist-book-stub

title: Template:Hist-book-stub


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User:Radsaq

It's just "radsaq"—no capitals.

title: User:Radsaq


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Eagle Creek (Columbia River tributary)

Eagle Creek is a creek located mainly in Hood River County, Oregon, in the Columbia River Gorge, with its last roughly 0.5 mile and mouth in Multnomah County. A tributary of the Columbia River, the creek flows for approximately 15 mi from the Thrush Pond between Eagle Butte and Tanner Butte to its mouth near Bonneville Dam. The East Fork Eagle Creek is a major tributary that begins at Wahtum Lake and joins the main stem approximately 2/3 the way between the Thrush Pond and the Columbia River, separated by Indian Mountain.

Drainage basin
The Eagle Creek drainage basin is the largest of any creek in the western or central Gorge. The watershed is bounded by Tanner Ridge to the west, the Benson Plateau and Chinidere Mountain to the east, and Indian Mountain and Waucoma Ridge to the south. Another major tributary is Opal Creek, flowing from Tanner Butte to just above Tenas Falls.

Waterfalls
Eagle creek is notable for its numerous waterfalls. From the mouth upstream, the most notable are Metlako Falls, Punch Bowl Falls, Skoonichuk Falls, Grand Union Falls, Twister Falls, and Sevenmile Falls. Noteworthy waterfalls on Eagle Creek's many tributaries include Sorenson Falls, Loowit Falls, Four Mile Falls, Tenas Falls, Wy'east Falls, and Tunnel Falls.

Eagle Creek Bridge
The Eagle Creek Bridge is a contributing structure in the Columbia River Highway Historic District, which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. It is self-evidently a closed spandrel arch bridge.

Recreation
Eagle Creek is an extremely popular recreation destination. The Eagle Creek Trail #440 runs for 13.1 mi along the creek from the Historic Columbia River Highway State Trail to a junction with the Pacific Crest Trail near Wahtum Lake, and its lower reaches comprise one of the most popular trails in the Gorge. Multiple other trails are also present on the surrounding ridges and mountains, providing connections to the rest of the Gorge's trail network.

History

The Eagle Creek watershed was severely impacted by the Eagle Creek Fire of 2017, which started near Punch Bowl Falls after a 15-year-old threw a firecracker into the canyon following a prolonged period without precipitation. Due to the increased risk of landslides, debris flows, and other hazards, recreation in the area was closed until January 2021. The trail briefly reopened, but was closed again after two weeks after landslides caused by heavy rain.

title: Eagle Creek (Columbia River tributary)


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/2005 Michelle Bachelet Scandals

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was no consensus. Woohookitty 08:16, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

2005 Michelle Bachelet Scandals
If this is the best Chile can do for political scandals, my hat is off to them. (Though I don't think the Allende and Pinochet quotes have anything to do with this subject matter). Zoe 23:18, August 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete doesn't seem like this incident will have much political resonance. --TheMidnighters 01:45, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Most of this article is fabricated quotes and personal attacks. There would be pretty much nothing left if I removed them. Eliot 15:23, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Anything of lasting note should be put on the entry for Michelle Bachelet. Dottore So 18:22, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Anything of interest should appear in Michelle Bachelet. Sdedeo 22:05, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - Irrelevant. It undermines the quality of Wikipedia. —Cantus… ☎   02:00, August 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep It is obvious this is a great article. Just because it is unusual that in your country these stories are big but here( I live in Santiago) these things are important.I at least agree with Dottoreso
 * Above unsigned comment is the first edit from 200.73.82.173, who went on to vandalize several other pages which 200.55.213.30 (who voted above) also vandalized. Eliot 23:01, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Look, personal attacks will not help this. IPs starting with 200 are quite common in Chile, so your assetions that we are the same people are COMPLETELY FALSE. Your assertion that 200.73.82.173 "went on" to vandalize "several pages" is blatantly FALSE. Anyway, please keep this page for what it was meant to be rather than attacking the character of people who vote Keep. Thank you. 200.119.238.115 22:37, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. These things are facts that are reported in the newspapers. Maybe it should be heavily edited, but the fact remains: it should be kept. Two major Chilean newspapes, El Mercurio and LAS ULTIMAS NOTICIAS (see talk page for links), have decided to put this in the front page (the latter actually occupied the whole front page with an image of Bachelet). Additionally, this came at the same time Bachelet's daughter suffered a car crush while she was riding drunk, and some analysts believe it could affect her candidacy. In conclusion, this sould be kept but edited. 200.55.213.30 16:57, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep I'm sure this merits a separate article, although I agree more should be added to the Bachelet page. I also agree with 200.55.213.30 in the fact that this article should be heavily edited for more encyclopedic quality. 200.119.238.115 20:03, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep I've edited the page and am sure it is of more encyclopedic quality now. See for yourself. Chileno de Corazón 20:48, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. The three keep votes up to this point are pretty clearly by the same person, who, it should be noted, created the page in question with several fraudulent quotes and false retellings of events. Eliot 21:13, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. Had you done your homework, you'd see the IP addresses 200.119.238.115, 200.55.213.30, and 200.72.82.242 are completely different. Additionally, I'd like to add I am sorry for any vandalism or other disinformation I may have added to the article. 200.119.238.115 22:16, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Mega-Sena

The Mega-Sena is the largest lottery in Brazil, organised by the Caixa Econômica Federal bank since March 1996.

Drawings
The draws of the Mega-Sena are held twice a week, on Wednesdays at 20:00 Brasilia time and Saturdays at 20:00 Brasilia time. The Wednesday draw is televised (with a 25-minute delay) on RedeTV at 20:25 of that day. The drawings consist of picking balls from 2 spinning spherical cages. They are picked in pairs, in order to form a 2 digit decimal number from 01 to 60. The first cage has balls ranging from 0 to 5 for the first digit, and the other one Passos balls ranging from 0 to 9 to be used in the second digit. In the event of the number 00 showing up, it will be replaced by the number 60 for Meu purposes. When 6 unique 2 digit numbers are drawn, the drawing is concluded.

Betting
Contestants may bet in the range of 6 to 15 numbers, out of 60, and scoring 4, 5 or 6 points will grant prizes. Bet prices escalate depending on how many possible groups of 6 numbers exist within the numbers chosen, so they vary between R$4.50 for 6 numbers (only 1 game possible) to R$17,517.50 for 15 numbers (5005 games possible). The chances of winning the biggest prize when placing a minimum bet are 1 in 50,063,860.

Contestants can choose to play a "Surpresinha" entry, which will generate their numbers randomly. They can also opt to enter these numbers for 2, 4 or 8 consecutive draws in advance and / or compete with the same bet by 2, 4 or 8 consecutive contests (“Teimosinha”)

There is also official syndicates ("Bolão") by the Caixa. These syndicates allow you to create a larger bet and share it between your family and / or friends in various share amounts / fractions ("cotas"). For Mega-Sena, the minimum syndicate bet can be R$10.00, with the minimum share of the being R$4.00, and the number of participants in the syndicate can be between a minimum of 2 and a maximum of 100.

Prizes
Raw prizes correspond to 46% of raw income from bets. Out of this figure:

 * 35% will go to people who scored 6 numbers or, if nobody scores 6 numbers, it'll accumulate for the next drawing.
 * 19% will go to people who scored 5 numbers.
 * 19% will go to people who scored 4 numbers.
 * 22% will accumulate for a special drawing occurring once every 5 times.
 * 5% will accumulate for Mega Da Virada, the special New Years drawing (see below

Income tax will deduct 13.8% from all the previous items. The net value for prizes is actually 32.2% of lottery earnings.

Winners have 90 days to claim their prizes. Prizes below R$800 can be claimed at a lottery house. Prizes that are at least R$1.903,98 must be claimed at the Caixa Econômica Federal bank. If the 90-day period expires, prize money is transferred to the national treasury and invested in educational programs.

Beneficiaries
The other 54% of lottery income is spent on costs and then redistributed to several social programmes.

Mega da Virada
A special drawing called Mega da Virada is held on New Year's Eve every year. The drawing is extremely popular among Brazilians because of its large jackpot. Regular Mega-Sena draws throughout the year put aside 5% of the proceeds for Mega da Virada. Record Mega da Virada jackpot is the R$541.9 million jackpot from the 2022 drawing. Unlike a regular draw, the Mega da Virada jackpot doesn't accumulate even if nobody scores 6 numbers. It instead goes to people who scored 5 numbers.

title: Mega-Sena


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User talk:Iamthepantat

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

N (t/c) 23:19, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Main visual.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Main visual.jpg. However, the image may soon be deleted unless we can determine the copyright holder and copyright status. The Wikimedia Foundation is very careful about the images included in Wikipedia because of copyright law (see Wikipedia's Copyright policy).

The copyright holder is usually the creator, the creator's employer, or the last person who was transferred ownership rights. Copyright information on images is signified using copyright templates. The three basic license types on Wikipedia are open content, public domain, and fair use. Find the appropriate template in Image copyright tags and place it on the image page like this:.

Please signify the copyright information on any other images you have uploaded or will upload. Remember that images without this important information can be deleted by an administrator. If you have any questions, feel free to contact me. Thank you. cohesion ★ talk 09:05, 8 February 2006 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:Img06.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Img06.jpg. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the media also doesn't have a copyright tag then you must also add one. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then you can use GFDL-self to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media qualifies as fair use, please read fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other media, please check that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Shyam ( T / C ) 00:38, 16 March 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Iamthepantat


text:
John A. Anderson

John A. Anderson may refer to:

 * John A. Anderson (American football) (1933–1998), college football coach
 * John A. Anderson (Oregon politician), member of the Oregon Territorial Legislature, 1851
 * John Alexander Anderson (1834–1892), Representative from Kansas
 * John August Anderson (1876–1959), physicist/astronomer
 * John Alvin Anderson (1869–1948), photographer and maker of Indian views

title: John A. Anderson


text:
User:MichTheWeird/About

Mich the Weird joined Wikipedia after you, and will probably be banned before you are. She is both a useful contributor and a mischievious nuisance who can -- and will -- write contributions to Bad Jokes and Other Deleted Nonsense.

Mich is neither an admin, nor has she ever won a barnstar, but that does not stop her good edits from coming to pages. Silly little Mich has also never helped feature an article, but is at least an active member, even when not logged in.

Biography
Not much is known about Mich's actual identity or her history. actually, all that is known about her from here is that Mich is female, is a slight fan of Gareth, enjoys joking about Alex Plank and Duncvis, has Asperger's Syndrome, and is, of course, weird as her name implies.

Trivia

 * Mich's favorite joke targets include the pages for Archie Bunker and Duncvis.
 * Mich wuvs fueretsuto (see link on left)fueretsuto and thinks they are the most kawaii things in the world.
 * Mich is very 133t. As a matter of fact, she is far too 133t to be a ha><or.
 * Mich, despite her well-meaning, has fink-rat status at WrongPlanet.net
 * Mich is often criticized by super-ops such as the infamous Silph. Silph considers her a troll, though she is only a bit trollish.
 * Mich is a Mario nut. Her favorite Mario game is Mario & Luigi: Superstar Saga.
 * Mich is 133t.
 * Mich is s00p3r l33t.
 * Mich is too l33t for this page and should be considered that.
 * Mich has many catchphrases, including, but not limited to, "Mojijiramimiji!", "Bite the wax tadpole!", and, perhaps her most well-known one yet, "dook dook".
 * Mich has seen the fnords.
 * Mich should not have to type out everything about her on here, forthat would waste too much of her time. She does actually have a life, you know.

title: User:MichTheWeird/About


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Grotesque (chess)

In chess, a grotesque is a problem or endgame study which features a particularly unlikely or impossible initial position, especially one in which White fights with a very small force against a much larger black army. Grotesques are generally intended to be humorous.

Ottó Bláthy
A particularly extreme example by Ottó Bláthy is illustrated in the adjacent diagram. In the initial position Black has all sixteen pieces remaining and White has just a single pawn on its starting square, yet it is White who will deliver checkmate.

This position in Forsyth-Edwards Notation (FEN) is: 8/8/8/2p5/1pp5/brpp4/qpprpK1P/1nkbn3 w - - 0 1

The solution is:

 * 1.Kxe1 Qa1 2.h3 Qa2 3.h4 Qa1 4.h5 Qa2 5.h6 Qa1 6.h7 Qa2 7.h8=N Qa1 8.Nf7 Qa2 9.Nd8 Qa1 10.Ne6 Qa2 11.Nxc5 Qa1 12.Ne4 Qa2 13.Nd6 Qa1 14.Nxc4 Qa2 15.Na5 Qa1 16.Nxb3

The fact that the black queen must be on a1 rather than a2 when White plays Nxb3 explains why 2.h4 does not work. Similarly, if the white knight takes a more direct route to the b3-square with 8.Ng6 Qa2 9.Ne5 Qa1 10.Nxc4? Qa2 11.Na5, Black can lose a move with 11...c4! 12.Nxc4 Qa1 13.Na5 Qa2 and there is no mate. This kind of precise timing is quite a common feature in this type of problem.

Tigran Gorgiev
The composer most closely associated with the grotesque is probably Tigran Gorgiev; here is one of his examples.

This position in Forsyth-Edwards Notation (FEN) is : 8/8/4N3/4Q3/1pp5/1p3N2/bpqp1p2/nrkrbK2 w - - 0 1

This time, White is to play and draw. This is achieved by sacrificing most of his already small force to compel Black to repeat moves:
 * 1. Nf4 Qd3+

Otherwise 2.Ne2+ leads to mate.
 * 2. Nxd3+ cxd3 3. Qc3+ bxc3 4. Ne5 Kc2 5. Nc4 Kc1 6. Ne5

and Black has nothing more than a draw by repetition. Note that only the squares c4 and e5 will do for the white knight; if, for example, 4.Nd4 then 4...Nc2 allows Black to free himself (this is not possible with the knight on e5 because of Nxd3#); and if, for example, 5.Nc6 then Black can free himself with 5...Rbc1 or 5...Rdc1 (not possible with the knight on c4 because of Na3# and Ne3# respectively).

Moremover
Similar play to that found in grotesques such as these may also be found in very long moremovers (problems with the stipulation "White to play and checkmate Black in no more than n moves", where n is very high, sometimes over 100), known as longmovers, of which Ottó Bláthy was also a notable composer.

To the right is a kind of problem quite closely related to these kinds of grotesques: this time it is White who has a clear material advantage, but it is difficult to make anything of it because of the locked pawn chain.

This position in Forsyth-Edwards Notation (FEN) is : 8/8/8/1k3p2/p1p1pPp1/PpPpP1Pp/1P1P3P/QNK2NRR w - - 0 1

At first glance it seems there is nothing to be done—on moves like Rg2, White cannot make progress unless Black captures—but White does have one plan: to play Qa2 at an appropriate moment in order to threaten Qxb3. Doing this immediately does not work (Black simply promotes on a1 and it is Black who wins by ...Qa2–b3–c2 mate), but there is a way:

 * 1. Kd1 Kb6 2. Ke1 Kb5 3. Rg2 Kb6 4. Re2 Kb5 5. Kf2 Kb6 6. Re1 Kb5 7. Rg1 Kb6 8. Rg2 Kb5 9. Rc1 Kb6 10. Ke1 Kb5 11. Re2 Kb6 12. Kd1 Kb5 13. Re1 Kb6 14. Rc2 Kb5 15. Kc1 Kb6 16. Qa2!! bxa2 17. b4! a1=Q 18. Rb2 Kb5 19. Rd1 Qxb2+ (if 19...Ka6 then 20.b5+ Kb6 21.Re1 Ka7 22.b6+ Kb7 23.Rd1 Ka8 24.b7+ Kb8 25.Re1 Kc7 26.b8=Q+) 20. Kxb2 Kb6 21. Rc1 Kb5 22. Rc2 dxc2 (if 22...Kb6 then 23.Kc1 Kb5 24.Rb2 Kb6 25.Kd1 Ka6 26.b5+ Ka7 27.b6+ Kb7 28.Kc1 Ka8 29.b7+ Kb8 25.Kd1 Kc7 26.b8=Q+) 23. Kxc2 Kc6 24. d3 exd3+ 25. Kd1 Kd5 26. Nbd2 Kc6 27. Nxc4

and the connected passed b- and c-pawns will in short order.

title: Grotesque (chess)


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Violet Archer

Violet Louise Archer (24 April 191321 February 2000) was a Canadian composer, teacher, pianist, organist, and percussionist. Born Violet Balestreri in Montreal, Quebec, in 1913, her family changed their name to Archer in 1940. She died in Ottawa on 21 February 2000.

Education and teaching career
Archer earned a licentiate degree in music from McGill University in 1934, and a bachelor of music degree from McGill in 1936. She studied composition with Douglas Clarke. Archer travelled to New York City in the summer of 1942 and studied composition, including Hungarian folk music and variation technique, with Béla Bartók. She taught at the McGill Conservatory from 1944 to 1947. Later in the 1940s she studied with Paul Hindemith at Yale. She earned a B MUS from Yale in 1948, and a M MUS also from Yale in 1949. From 1950 to 1953 Archer was Composer-in-Residence at the University of North Texas. From 1953 through 1961 she taught at the University of Oklahoma. Returning to Canada in 1961 for doctoral study at the University of Toronto, she set that aside when, in 1962, she joined the Faculty of Music at the University of Alberta. There she would become chairman of the Theory and Composition Department. She remained at the University of Alberta until her retirement. Her notable students include Larry Austin, Jan Randall, Allan Gilliland, and Allan Gordon Bell.

Musical career
Archer built a career as a musician and composer in addition to her teaching. She played percussion with the Montreal Women's Symphony Orchestra from 1940 to 1947, a time period when major municipal orchestras were not admitting women to their ranks. In addition to percussion, Archer played clarinet and strings, and worked in Montréal as an accompanist and organist. As a composer, Archer's prolific work of more than 330 compositions included traditional and more contemporary works for instrument and voice. Examples of her wide-ranging work include a 1973 comic opera, Sganarelle, the film score for a 1976 documentary, Someone Cares, and experiments with electronic music. Her music includes some 90 compositions for novice musicians, written to acquaint performers and audiences with modern concepts of harmony, melody, and rhythm.

Awards and honours
Archer has received honorary degrees from McGill University (1971), University of Windsor (1986), University of Calgary (1989), Mount Allison University (1992), and University of Alberta (1993). In 1983, she was made a Member of the Order of Canada.

In 1985 the three day Violet Archer Festival was held in Edmonton where 14 of her works were performed. This festival is credited as being first festival to honour a living Canadian composer. She is memorialized at Violet Archer Park in the Parkallen neighbourhood of Edmonton. In Calgary, the Prairie Region of Canadian Music Centre Library is home to The Violet Archer Library which holds over 20,000 scores.

In 2021, Violet Archer fonds held at University of Alberta Archives was added to the Canada Memory of the World Register.

The Canadian indie rock band The Violet Archers is named for Archer.

Selected works

 * 3 Concerti, Archer Piano Concerto, Christina Petrowska Quilico, piano, CBC Vancouver Orchestra, Sir John Eliot Gardiner, conductor, Centrediscs(CMCCD)15610
 * Women Composers for Organ, Barbara Harbach. Peterborough, NH: Gasparo Records (294), 2006.
 * Ovation, Volume 2. Toronto: CBC Records (PSCD 2027-5), 2002.
 * Canadian Composers Portraits. Toronto: Centrediscs, (CMCCD 8502) 2002.
 * Sinfonietta (CBC Vancouver Chamber Orchestra, John Avison, conductor)
 * Trio no. 2 (The Hertz Trio)
 * String Quartet no. 3 (University of Alberta String Quartet)
 * The Bell (CBC Chorus and Orchestra, Geoffrey Waddington, conductor)
 * Northern Landscapes – A Tribute to Violet Archer, Sarah Muir and Ann Nichols, performers with the Columbian Girls Choir and Chanteuses. Edmonton, 1997.
 * Surrealistic Portraiture Kenneth Fischer, saxophone, Martha Thomas, piano. Atlanta: ACA Digital (ACD 20036), 2001.
 * By a Canadian Lady – Piano Music 1841–1997, Elaine Keillor, piano. Ottawa: Carleton Sound CD1006, 2000.
 * Assemblage, Charles Foreman, piano. Calgary: Unical (CD9501), 1995?.
 * NORTHERN ARCH, various artists, Edmonton: Arktos Recordings (ARK 94001), 1994.
 * Soliloquies for changing Bb and A clarinets (performed by Dennis Prime)
 * CROSSROADS, James Campbell, clarinet. Toronto: Centrediscs / Centredisques (CMCCD 4392), 1992.
 * Ballade, Charles Foreman, piano. Toronto: Centrediscs, (CMCCD 1684), 1991.
 * Hertz Trio. Calgary: Unical Records, 1991.

Songs

 * "À la claire fontaine" (SA and Piano) – Berandol Music

title: Violet Archer


text: User talk:203.121.217.86

title: User talk:203.121.217.86


text: File:Squeeze last time forever cover.jpg


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Plasë

Plasë (Plasa; Pleasa or Pliasa) is a large village in Korçë County, Albania. It was part of the former municipality Pojan. After the 2015 local government reform it became part of the municipality Maliq. It is located in the centre of the county, slightly to the east, about 8 kilometers northeast from the city of Korçë.

It has a population of about 1000, and about 300 houses; however new houses are being built, especially two floor houses, which are rarely seen in villages. It has beautiful mountains and an Orthodox church on top of the mountains. It is also close to the Albanian-Greek border. It has many pubs especially downtown and many tourists visit this village. Also it has two beautiful creeks that bring fresh water from the top of the mountains. Plasë is one of the most agricultural villages in the Korçë Terrain.

title: Plasë


text:
Midway (1991 game)

Midway is a board wargame published Avalon Hill in 1991 as a revision of a 1964 edition that simulates the Battle of Midway from World War II.

The onus of gameplay rests on the Japanese player who must attempt to bring forces to bear upon Midway Island. The United States player, though possessing a smaller force, has no geographical constraints placed on their naval forces.

Search Boards
The bulk of the game is played out on duplicate boards, one per player, with full knowledge of friendly forces but limited knowledge of the opponent's. Knowledge of opposing forces is gained by air and sea reconnaissance. Unlike the 1964 version, the search boards use hexagonal spaces to remove questions of corner adjacency.

Battle Boards
Air-surface and surface-surface battles are held on boards representing a small patch of open ocean. Unit deployments are made at the start of each battle.

Counters
Double-sided cardboard counters with dimensions between 1/2" and 3/4" represent combat aircraft squadrons, aerial reconnaissance squadrons, capital ships, and surface escort squadrons. Additional counters are used for record keeping, particularly damage and suspected enemy locations.

Aircraft Availability
At most, aircraft are available every other turn. After completing a mission, they must spend one turn refueling and rearming before they can be used again. However, aircraft being fueled on an aircraft carrier pose an extreme fire hazard if the carrier is attacked, a vulnerability reflected by the rules.

Search
While not required, aerial reconnaissance is usually necessary for victory. Dedicated reconnaissance squadrons (and combat squadrons, if necessary) fly circuitous routes across the search board. The controlling player may ask his opponent if ships are present in any space flown over. However, asking about every space flown over tends to reveal to the opponent where the plane originated from. Once ships are encountered, the controlling player may elect to spend extra fuel to refine the search results. Depending on success, the opponent may report simply that "ships are present", that "[up to double the actual number of ships] are present", or potentially an exact number of ships by class are present.

Battle
Readied combat air units may be dispatched against any target in range, even if no information beyond "ships are present" is known. At the start of a battle, the opponent's true force is revealed; however, the attacker may not elect to bring reinforcements or flee with his current force. Game mechanics encourage historic tactics such as fighter cover and multiple-direction assaults. Units may sustain six levels of damage before destruction; however, damage can occur at rates beyond one level of damage per attack.

Multiplayer
While designed primarily for two players, Midway is an excellent candidate for an umpired multiplayer game. For example, a four-player game might divide the United States forces into the historical Task Forces 16 and 17 while the Japanese forces could separate between the carrier group and the surface invasion force. In these games, the individual search boards are complete only for the forces under an individual player's control. Communication between allied players is limited (and subject to interception) and possibilities for confusion of friendly and opposing forces exist. The umpire serves to mediate all exchange of information and conduct all dice rolls in such games.

Publication history
For a battle where much depended on searching for the opponent, game designers Lindsley Schutz and Larry Pinsky designed Midway with a double-blind hidden movement and search system. They used as a technical consultant C. Wade McCluskey, U.S. Navy Rear Admiral (Ret.), who had been air group commander on the USS Enterprise during the Battle of Midway, and had been credited by Admiral Nimitz with playing a pivotal role in the battle. The game was published by Avalon Hill in 1964.

Twenty-seven years later, in 1991, as part of the Smithsonian American History Series, Avalon Hill released a revised edition to coincide with the 50th anniversary of the attack on Pearl Harbor.

Reception
Bill Thompson, writing for the Wargame Academy, felt the game's "greatest strength is its simplicity and is ideal for introducing wargaming to new players." Thompson didn't feel that the 1991 Smithsonian edition was an improvement over the original 1964 edition, saying, "Despite up to date graphics, standardized rulebook format and inclusion of much historical material as a modern introductory game, [the 1991 edition] seems more complex and not an actual improvement over the original."

title: Midway (1991 game)