text:
Talk:Battle of Corydon

Question
According to this site, the battle of Corydon is one of only two battles fought on northern soil (the other being Gettysburg). If that is accurate it would be worth mentioning in the article. However, is it accurate? And if so by what definition?

Off the top of my head I can't think of any other "battles", but wouldnt Battle of Buffington Island and the Battle of Salineville be northern, or do these not qualify as a battle as? Charles Edward 18:47, 20 May 2008 (UTC) Antiem? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.10.216.103 (talk) 21:02, 7 November 2013 (UTC)

battle map

I have made this map. Any suggestions for improvements? Charles Edward (Talk) 15:28, 3 March 2009 (UTC)
 * Looks pretty good.-- King Bedford I Seek his grace  15:36, 3 March 2009 (UTC)
 * I second that. Unit labels:  Defender is the Sixth Indian Legion under Colonel Lewis Jordan.  The attacking brigade was under Stovepipe Johnson according to Matthews.  The rebs first attacked the Indiana left, and were repelled by the "Spencer Guards" under Captain George Lahue (according to Terrell).  The rebs then flank both sides.  The right is defended by Major McGrain, and is armed with 16 Henry rifles (according to Wolfe).  Senour called it the "Henry Rifle Company".  Citizens and other companies in the center, with a ravine out front of them to halt any direct cavalry charge.  Really, not much of a contest.  Green farmers against seasoned cavalry with artillery support.  The cavalry flank them, the artillery fires, and the line breaks.  Senour quotes Wolfe "This shelling operation, together with the fact that our line was about to be flanked on both wings at the same time made it necessary, for the safety of our men, that they should fall back.  This they did, not with the best order, it is true, but with excellent speed".  It was over in 25 minutes, and the confederates had left Cordon after only five hours.  Hot knife through butter. -J JMesserly (talk) 00:44, 4 March 2009 (UTC)
 * Two more personal accounts of the battle here. -J JMesserly (talk) 17:36, 4 March 2009 (UTC)

Good Article Review for 'Battle of Corydon'
Hi,

 * Lead - You need to develop the lead some more. Most leads are two to three paragraphs or say 15 to 25 lines deep. While the length is not the official criteria, this criteria does show that you can lengthen this lead without fear of it being too long. The present lead is interesting to read and tantalising to a reader by giving a good setting for plunging into the article, but it does not summarise the battle well. What is the test for this? Place a sheet of paper over your screen and read the lead. If having done this you get a broad, concise, accurate and relevant idea of the subject matter in the rest of the article (which is hidden by your paper), then your lead passes. If you don't get such an idea, there is need to develop it further.✅
 * Referencing - I favour this alternative method of general referencing as it gives a neater and more methodical presentation than the simple referencing style followed herein. This would be a good style improvement thing to do. ✅
 * Images - The images present seem inadequate to me. They don't seem to illustrate the wiki very well. It's a subjective feeling, if you understand what I mean. Just Image Googling on 'Battle of Corydon' turned up this, amongst many others:
 * Bragg's image.
 * Image of Battle of Corydon.
 * Also Wikimedia Commons suggested this as a good source for free (as in freedom of speech) Civil War photos.
 * Now since these are most likely to be public domain images due to age of images, it would be well worth your effort to locate a few images, check that they are public domain, place them on WM Commons or WP (fair use)((last resort only)) and use a few images to spruce up the article.
 * Morgan's existing photo can also be used without hassle.✅
 * Would it be possible to get a 'rogue's gallery' with Morgan, Lewis, Morton etc?
 * Is Corydon near where you stay? Sometimes one can go on a wiki-image errand.No action required for GA review.

Any chance of more images? AshLin (talk) 05:22, 8 March 2009 (UTC)

 * Often I find 'cite' template clunky, instead I use 🇦🇹 for the author which will give this effect: No action required.
 * 🇦🇹, An account of the Great Confederate Raid in Indiana (2009). Hoosier Books, Indianapolis.

More Later,

Good editing and bon chance, AshLin (talk)

 * I do live near the battlesite, but the only thing there of interest is the cabin and memorial already pictured. Intend to take some photos at the reenactment later this year. We could probably fit another image, but because of the short length of the article, I think additional images might look cluttered. I have also reformatted the references to look neater. Charles Edward (Talk) 21:48, 5 March 2009 (UTC)
 * I beg to differ. My view is that a wiki should have the images needed for it to satisfy the reader . What would a reader want to see if he is reading only a plain-vanilla text wiki of the Battle?
 * Maps - Two maps are already present in this case, one of the Raid and one of the Battle. Nice ones clearly illustrating the wiki.
 * Personalities - We have only one person's image. Preferably we should have Col Jordan's image and perhaps Richard Morgan's image too.
 * Image of Battlefield, memorial, etc.
 * Images of Indiana Legion and Morgan's elite light cavalry.
 * Historical images of Morgan's cavalry raid if possible with caption marrying the image suitably to our text.
 * Image of some of the weapons or equipment playing an important role (gunboats, 10 pounder Parrot's Rifles, Henry rifles.
 * Since the wiki is small, images may be more than the text; in that case it is appropriate to have them organised in a gallery or galleries.

More

 * Shouldn't the the first mention of Corydon, Indiana come in the lead itself rather than halfway down the article at the end of first section? ✅
 * done Charles Edward (Talk) 00:03, 8 March 2009 (UTC)

 * Split the large central paragraph of Prelude into smaller ones. ✅
 * done Charles Edward (Talk) 00:03, 8 March 2009 (UTC)

 * Is the Prelude a mite oversized & detailed? You could thin down details of the crossing at Maukport as it would IMHO be more relevant to the article on Morgan's Raid. You take the judgment call. ✅
 * done Charles Edward (Talk) 00:03, 8 March 2009 (UTC)

 * Shouldn't some of the following be wikified :✅
 * Union.
 * The first instance of the word is wikified Charles Edward (Talk) 00:03, 8 March 2009 (UTC)
 * Indiana Legion.
 * The first instance of the word is wikified Charles Edward (Talk) 00:03, 8 March 2009 (UTC)
 * 6th Regiment of the Indiana Legion.
 * The only notable thing about this unit is what is already in this article, it is likely an article by that name will never be wrote. Charles Edward (Talk) 00:03, 8 March 2009 (UTC)
 * Col. Lewis Jordan.
 * The only notable thing about Col. Jordan is what is in this article, he is not notable enough to warrent his own article. Charles Edward (Talk) 00:03, 8 March 2009 (UTC)
 * Maj. McGrain.
 * Same as Jordan, Sources do not even mention his first name. Charles Edward (Talk) 00:03, 8 March 2009 (UTC)
 * Capt. George Lahue.
 * Same as previous two. Charles Edward (Talk) 00:03, 8 March 2009 (UTC)
 * 2nd Kentucky & 9th Tennessee regiments.
 * No article exists for either of those two units, red links would not be of any value to the reader. Those links could be added when such an article exists. Charles Edward (Talk) 00:03, 8 March 2009 (UTC)

 * Is 'cannon' an appropriate wikilink for an 'artillery section'?✅
 * The "artillery" were four small cannons of the 1860s time period. Cannon is the most accurate article. Charles Edward (Talk) 00:03, 8 March 2009 (UTC)

 * What happened to the Indiana legion and Col Jordan after the Battle? I think this is something that the reader may want to know.✅
 * The legion went on to later become the Indiana Guard Reserve as several other name changes. That information is available on the Indiana Legion article. None of my sources give any information about what happened to Col. Jordan. The people just went back to their farms after the battle. Charles Edward (Talk) 00:03, 8 March 2009 (UTC)

 * You may also like to mention about the ultimate futility of Morgan's raid, despite his tactical victory at Corydon, in a closing sentence about Morgan and his Confederates.✅
 * The article describes how is army was later defeated and captured in the aftermath section. Charles Edward (Talk) 00:03, 8 March 2009 (UTC)

 * In Prelude, you may like to add a little information about state of Indiana's preparedness before the raid and whether they expected operations to extend onto Hoosier territory. Your response to this one? ✅
 * I have included a little information from the Indiana in the American Civil War article that explains Indiana's military situation and ability to handle the raid. Charles Edward (Talk) 13:18, 11 March 2009 (UTC)

 * Is mention of Cedar Glade required? If so, then qualify it with a defining clause so that a person understands what it is., e.g. Cedar Glade, a large residence to the northwest of Corydon, still in existence today and which is a declared National Heritage building.✅
 * Done. Is notable because they actually have the spot were the shot landed marked. Charles Edward (Talk) 00:03, 8 March 2009 (UTC)

 * You need to add details of composition of the 6th Regiment at the beginning of the section 'The attack'. The reader gets confused when he hears at the end that cavalry and mounted infantry of the Legion were also present and were/were not captured. This raises questions - Were these part of the 6th Regt? Attached? Regular Union detachments? Did they have artillery? etc.✅
 * Clarified. A small calvary group arrived before the battle, no information on how many. The infantry that escaped on horses were those who rode away on whatever horses they could grab or had rode into town to join the militia. Charles Edward (Talk) 00:03, 8 March 2009 (UTC)

 * Who is Larry Steepleton? What is the significance of his death that he is mentioned by name, especially as his name does not appear before or after? If he is notable, he should be introduced into the text. If not, don't mention his name but just mention that the Confederates had a casualty.✅
 * Removed his name Charles Edward (Talk) 00:03, 8 March 2009 (UTC)

 * Instead of:✅
 * On the east wing of the works, the men were equipped with Henry rifles capable of firing 14 rounds before reloading. The effects of their superior rate of fire allowed the company of the thirty men on the far eastern end of the works to hold back the Confederates for twenty minutes, preventing an easy flanking maneuver.
 * this may work better:
 * The initial attempts of the Confederates to outflank the Legion positions at the far eastern end of the works from the East were delayed for twenty minutes principally due to the superior rate of fire of the thirty Legion soldiers, who were equipped with Henry rifles capable of firing 14 rounds before reloading.

 * done Charles Edward (Talk) 00:03, 8 March 2009 (UTC)

 * Any Congressional Medals of Honour? Other medals? Public Commendations by the President or Governor?✅
 * None are mentioned in my sources. Charles Edward (Talk) 00:03, 8 March 2009 (UTC)

 * Isn't Corydon part of the Indiana state's John Hunt Morgan Heritage Trails? You could mention this in addition to the factoid about Battlefield being a memorial. A link to the website be added in external links.✅
 * Done Charles Edward (Talk) 00:03, 8 March 2009 (UTC)

 * Please order the references alphabetically as per surnames. The Terell reference needs to trail its initials.✅
 * done Charles Edward (Talk) 00:03, 8 March 2009 (UTC)
 * Please move the full form of the Bush, Jenkins and Wolfe links to the references section. In the inline footnoting give abbreviated references only. Pending ✅

More later...

AshLin (talk) 19:05, 6 March 2009 (UTC)

Still more

 * Reference check by me. ✅
 * NPOV. ✅
 * Check image licenses. ✅
 * Stable. Checked.

* OK, just kill that pending point of texts mentioned in footnotes to be shifted to references so that I can wrap up the assessment. Additional images may be added later. GA is only a step forward to FA so please keep up the good work.

AshLin (talk) 13:53, 10 March 2009 (UTC)

Its a GA!
Congrats, please bring it up to A class soon! AshLin (talk) 17:33, 11 March 2009 (UTC)

Reenactment
The battle reenactment will be held twice July 11 and 12, 2009 if anyone is interested in attending. I will be there, and hopefully will get some good photos for the article. —Charles Edward (Talk 18:58, 28 June 2009 (UTC)
 * Hmm, I might get to go. Who knows, we may even meet?-- King Bedford I  Seek his grace  21:08, 28 June 2009 (UTC)
 * That would be exciting! I expect it to be a couple hours long. I am going, probably even if it rains. —Charles Edward (Talk 15:02, 6 July 2009 (UTC)

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Horwitz & Conway
- Do you know which edition of Horwitz and Conway you were using for this? I was trying to trace The total amount taken by ransom and plunder was estimated at $26,450 back to my paper copy of Horwitz to look for any further details. It's cited to Horwitz p. 57 but p. 57 in my copy of Horwitz isn't about Corydon at all (it's about a skirmish at Pekin, Indiana and Eli Lilly. Page 67 of Horwitz details individual plunder items from Corydon, but those figures only add up to a little less than $13,000. After that, I thought I'd look at some more things:
 * " As the county commissioner exited the courthouse carrying a rifle he was shot dead, becoming the final casualty of the day" - cited on Conway p. 83. Can't find this in Conway. Horwitz p. 66 states that the county commissioner was mortally wounded (not shot dead), but doesn't mention that he was the last casualty or that he was carrying a rifle
 * "Morgan ate lunch at the Kintner House Inn where he read a newspaper and learned of the Confederate defeat at Gettysburg and the fall of Vicksburg. The news caused him to realize his army was in serious danger; his hosts later said that upon his reading the paper he was "noticeably crestfallen."" - cited to Horwitz p. 59, is Horwitz p. 67 in my edition. As an aside, the quote looks like it should be "visibly crestfallen" instead of "noticeably crestfallen"
 * "At 11:30 a.m. on July 9, the 3rd Regiment Kentucky Cavalry, the advance element of the Confederate forces under the command of Col. Adam R. Johnson, was sighted moving north along the Mauckport Road towards Corydon" - cited to p. 65 of Conway. Conway mentions the Confederates meeting the Union forces, but neither Johnson nor the 3rd Kentucky are mentioned on that page or the several before or after. FWIW, the only 3rd Kentucky Cavalry in Horwitz's index is a Union unit.

For comparison, I'm using a paperback copy of Conway dated 1991, with the isbn listed as 0-925165-03-4. My copy of Horwitz is hardcover and dated 2001, with a listed isbn of 0-9670267-2-5. Hog Farm Talk 00:41, 10 October 2022 (UTC)
 * Hello! I have to be honest, I am not sure its been so long ago. I do recall it was a paper copy I had at the time of Conway. I had a copy from local library in Corydon, where I also took the pictures. But if I recall, Conway is probably the most important source I used for this article. I still have the copy of Horwitz and Funk I used, I can check those later and will let you know. Important note: I recall that reviewers at the Tippecanoe FAR found an issue with Funk, and this article is also using Funk as a source - the same book. I am not sure I agree, but the reviewers believed Funk was significantly inaccurate about the battle of Tippecanoe. I will try to take a look at those sources a little later and let you know what I find. I should probably also note, that although I wrote most of this article, I did not write it all. So I would have to dig through edits to figure out what was preexisting, etc. Most of the FA's I wrote were collaborative with other editors in WikiProject Indiana back then. —Charles Edward (Talk | Contribs) 20:38, 10 October 2022 (UTC)

Ok, got the books I still have in my possession. Horwitz is the revised edition, its copyright is 2001.
 * Correct on the initial assessment, Horwitz p. 57 does appear to be an incorrect citation. Page 67 does appear to be the correct page, per your comment. And yes, also correct, it appears the math adding up the figures is incorrect and about $13,000 is the correct number. However, in checking other sources - in Funk p. 111, it gives another estimation of $100,00,
 * I don't see "last casualty of the day" either, but I think it is fair to say. He is the last mention of someone being killed.
 * Correct, it is page 67 in my copy too, not 59.
 * I am guessing this is a mix of Conway at also Horwitz p. 62 - however, I don't have Conway in front of my to compare. But does seem to partially be from Horwitz.

Hope that helps. —Charles Edward (Talk | Contribs) 21:43, 10 October 2022 (UTC)

Also, just worth pointing this out: the standards of FA has increased alot over time. There was a point where articles got penalized for "over citing". Generally, reviewers wanted to just see citations at the end of paragraphs, and not on every sentence. And then after the article was copy edited two or three times, sometimes the citation migrated even farther away from their original position. And these articles are really old at this point, they justly deserve a review. I am fine with FAR on these articles and redoing them to the new standards.

But its not really fair to insinuate that there is some kind of nefarious thing going on. (Not that you are.) You are evaluating old articles written to different standards, to present standards. Back then (2007ish), the overwhelming majority of articles on Wikipedia did not have a single citation. And me especially, the way I tended to write back then, was to write the article all out first from personal knowledge, and go back and add citations later. For example, I live in Corydon, I am a local historian, and I have participated in the reenactment of this battle many times. I can just tell the story from memory. Hope that helps explain how this article was first wrote. I don't do that anymore, but I have been around here since 2002 when Wikipedia started.

I am the primary author of over 2000 articles in this encyclopedia under this account and anonymously. And mostly articles like this that pretty well no one even cares they exist, but they are topics that interest me personally. It is ok with me if you want to demote this article from FA. But its not really fair to suggest (not that you are) that editors with topical expertise were operating out of a place of bad faith when we wrote that way in years gone by. The same with the battle of Tippecanoe which was FARed. It also has deep historical ties to this same community, and I am likewise very familiar with that subject as a local historian. (I also disagree that Funk is a bad source, he is another locally well known (now-deceased) historian. But I understand if he don't meet the standards of an FA anymore.)

So I guess my point here is, if you want to demote these articles that is fine, but please don't be displeased with me like I have done something wrong. I am not the one who reviewed these articles and approved them to be FA to begin with. If you have an issue with these articles being an FA, your issue is with the ones who didn't review these articles to your standards. Not the one who wrote the article. And it is really unfair to insinuate one of this communities longest serving editors has gamed the system or something to get articles to FA. (Not that you are... but I definitely sense that tone in some of the other threads on this topic) That said, I am glad to work with you in good faith and try to help you improve them or find the issues to fix. —Charles Edward (Talk | Contribs) 21:57, 10 October 2022 (UTC)
 * I'm willing to try to help get the citations hammered out down the road. I've done a number of FAs on the Civil War recently so I have a fairly good grasp of the sourcing expectations - I've been looking at the older Civil War FAs because I had to recently completely overhaul Thomas C. Hindman because it contained errors and significant omissions as a FA.  It does look like Funk published a piece in the Indiana Magazine of History back in the 50s, which might help Funk's case.  I just won't be able to do much until after Thanksgiving at the earliest due to work and real life commitments. Hog Farm Talk 22:59, 10 October 2022 (UTC)
 * have your concerns about the article been resolved? I see that there are a lot of sources listed in Further reading, possibly indicating that this article is not comprehensive. Is work still happening on this article? If not, should this article go to WP:FAR? Z1720 (talk) 03:01, 5 June 2023 (UTC)
 * All of the further reading except Mingus and Mowery are tangential or primary sources, so that's not a huge concern. I don't know if Mingus would meet the FA sourcing standard from first glance. Mowery is focused on a larger campaign, so I don't know that it would have too much specifically for Corydon. Hog Farm Talk 03:19, 5 June 2023 (UTC)

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Talk:Freeman Field mutiny

Untitled
Good start for an important article. However the article had a NPOV problem with some of the logic used by your sources. I added one sentence to try to balance it, regarding the initial staffing of new groups. Not just at the beginning but throughout the war all new groups were started with a small core of officers and men and later expanded into full groups. See for instance the articles on the 456th Bomb Group, 91st Bomb Group, 9th Bomb Group, and 357th Fighter Group here in wiki. The conclusion that it "led many of the black trainees to believe that the Army did not want the unit to advance to full combat readiness" is not borne out by facts, although the suspicions and resentments felt by the African-American officers at the time certainly is accurate. The other example here [On June 1, 1943, the Army created the 477th Bombardment Group Medium (M) to train African-American aviators to operate the B-25J Mitchell twin-engine medium bomber; but it did not activate the unit until January 15, 1944.] I left alone because I don't have access to a source showing otherwise, but the 477th was not originally created for the all-black bomber group project. It was originally activated in Florida to train crews on the B-26 and inactivated when no longer needed: "Constituted as 477th Bombardment Group (Medium) on 13 May 1943. Activated on 1 Jun 1943. Assigned to Third AF. Trained with B-26 aircraft. Inactivated on 25 Aug 1943. Stations. MacDill Field, Fla, 1 Jun-25 Aug 1943. Commanders. Lt Col Andrew O Lerche, 1943." (Maurer Maurer) A little thing, but again the suggestion of racially-biased reluctance to follow through with the training may not be so. Again, I don't know, I haven't the source. None of this is to say that the rest of the article is not valid. The AAF had a lot of flaws, but both Arnold and later the USAF were the first to push integration of the military despite resistance from within the ranks.--Buckboard 06:56, 16 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Thank you Buckboard for the edits and the detailed explanation. It's a pleasure to have one's work edited by someone who adds depth and nuance to a subject.  My main source, the James Warren account, has some pretty obvious biases that I tried not to transplant into the article.  But the staffing issue involved a non-obvious bias that I didn't question.  Although I'm proud of the basic article, I don't regard it as necessarily complete.  (Is anything on Wikipedia ever finished?)  One matter that I've been trying to find more information about is how many of the Freeman Field people applied for removal of their letters of reprimand after the initial removal of 15 in 1995...and also why the Air Force didn't automatically removed all 104 letters at the same time.  The matter of when the 477th was originally constituted is probably academic, but for the sake of completeness it probably should be cleared up.  Cheers!  --Cuppysfriend 23:30, 16 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Thanx. You're correct that the origins of the 477th Group is basically academic. As you can probably tell, my interest is basically in the USAAF - USAF. But I take a "warts and all" attitude toward it. If you haven't read Guard of Honor, I encourage you to do so. Cozzens used the incident as a backdrop around which the novel is framed, but he did not try to "tell the story of"; iow, it's not a "docudrama". For one thing, he recognized the mistake (from the standpoint of military discipline) of trying to have the black officers sign the order and in his story, the commanders discard the idea. (The protest ensues anyway) Plue his novel takes place in Florida, dodging the issue of northern prejudice. He's more interested in the internal workings of people than social commentary--he juxtaposes the injustice of the club order (by a well-intentioned Old Army colonel who nonetheless is described by the protagonist as "the biggest fool I know") against the need to win the war (his mutiny takes place in mid-1943, with the issue still in doubt, not the end of the war)--but again, to see how it affects motivations, reactions, and reasoned or principled actions. It may give you a sense of actually being there. Cozzens worked directly for Gen. Arnold (mentioned but not portrayed in the book) and through him you realize that Arnold's sympathies were with the black officers but his obligations to the Air Force's responsibilities in the war. Cozzens has his main character tell his wife: "They feel they are unjustly treated. I think in many ways they are. But there are insurmountable difficulties in doing them justice. The only people who stood up for them were two offensive young fellows, I think principally interested in making themselves felt. I really saw nobody all day who was not in one way or another odious...And, of course, in every situation, I was odious, too." As to your second question, I can only surmise that the 15 letters immediately removed had already been petitioned for removal prior to the action--on file, so to speak. Law requires the setting aside of actions taken in accord with regulations be made by legal means--petition for removal, presidential pardon, or congressional action. (That which is born by red tape must be removed by red tape). A good example that this is so can be seen in Death of Isoroku Yamamoto, where one ace's claim has been thoroughly "proven" but the record not corrected even after the red tape process. Where matters of principle or social responsibility are involved, there is a temptation to ascribe actions as having only one motivation (my original reason for editing this article was to allow for the possibility that other forces--such as the inertia of a large and cumbersome military--were at work here). The value of novels like Guard of Honor (and I suspect the reason it won the Pulitzer) is that it shows people and the effects they have on big events are much more complex than that. One more tidbit. Col. Selway commanded the 332nd Fighter Group (the other Tuskegee Airmen group) while it was in training before being assigned to the 477th. Cheers to you and keep up the good work on this article.--Buckboard 15:09, 17 February 2007 (UTC)

Assessment comment
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title: Talk:Freeman Field mutiny


text:
Talk:Adventures Beyond The Ultraworld

Tremendous rap battling skills is not NPOV. --Stevemcl 16:46, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Adventures Beyond The Ultraworld


text:
Family entertainment center

A family entertainment center (FEC) in the entertainment industry, also known as an indoor amusement park, family amusement center, family fun center, soft play, or simply fun center, is a small amusement park marketed towards families with small children to teenagers, often entirely indoors. They usually cater to "sub-regional markets of larger metropolitan areas." FECs are generally small compared to full-scale amusement parks, with fewer attractions, a lower per-person per-hour cost to consumers than a traditional amusement park, and not usually major tourist attractions, but sustained by an area customer base. Many are locally owned and operated, although there are a number of chains and franchises in the field. Some, operated by non-profit organizations as children's museums or science museums, tend to be geared toward edutainment experiences rather than simply amusement.

History
FECs are essentially a converged outgrowth of theme restaurants that increasingly developed their in-house amusement features, small-scale amusement parks needing more offerings than just a few rides and midway games, and diversifying formerly one-attraction venues (water parks, skate parks, billiard halls, bowling alleys, and so on). All three categories have moved over several decades continually toward stock, popular entertainment solutions supplied by third-party vendors. Chuck E. Cheese, opened in 1977 as Chuck E. Cheese's Pizza Time Theatre in San Jose, California, was one of the earliest widely known examples of these in the United States.

Attractions
Most FECs have at least five common major or "anchor" attractions, to provide diverse patrons (often in large parties) at least one to two hours of entertainment, to encourage repeat visits, and to reduce time spent waiting for any given attraction. Some of the more usual attractions include (depending upon size, climate, etc.):

 * Amusement/thrill rides (elevated, but generally small-scale)
 * Animatronics displays
 * Arcade games
 * Ball pit
 * Batting cages
 * Bowling alley
 * Bumper boats
 * Restaurant
 * Food: Snack bar and fast food (often pizza)
 * Food: Quality family and group dining in theme restaurant
 * Inflatables
 * Kiddie rides (ground-level)
 * Kart racing
 * Laser tag
 * Miniature golf
 * Movie theater
 * Music and dancing
 * Playground equipment and climbing structures
 * Redemption games and merchandiser games
 * Roller skating
 * Specialty stores (toys, comics, music, etc.)
 * Tube maze
 * Virtual Reality
 * Water slide

The most common anchor activities are miniature golf, kart racing, arcade and redemption games, and food & beverages, according to industry specialists StoneCreek Partners. FECs rarely use custom-built attractions, because of the costs involved, and instead install off-the-shelf systems provided and maintained by industry equipment vendors.

Any given FEC may lean more towards outdoor activities, arcade gaming, or passive entertainment and dining. Each may cater to different age ranges, all the time, or during certain hours, e.g., children and entire families in the daytime, and teens to young adults in the evening, with specific promotional programs to attract different market segments at different times.

Business model
FECs tend to serve "sub-regional markets", such as small cities, quadrants or boroughs of larger cities, and a large suburban area outside such a city. Their busiest times are weekend afternoons and Thursday through Saturday evenings.

Because most of the attractions are essentially the same from FEC to FEC, two of the most important factors in a particular center distinguishing itself to potential customers are a highly visible location (hard to obtain because other uses for the land are often more competitive ), and a consistently developed and promoted theme that appeals to the target market segments, "the fun factor in the overall decor".

Parental concerns are also important. While children themselves rarely think of it, a major factor in the attractiveness of an FEC to parents is on-site safety and security, as adults may drop off older children at such an establishment to entertain themselves. An increasingly important factor for success is high-quality food and drink to attract parental spending as well as whole-family dining.

Non-traditional FECs
Various major media and entertainment brands, including Disney, Lego, NASCAR, Sega, Sony, United Artists/Regal and Viacom, have been attached to family entertainment centers, often much less "traditional" than local and chain FECs, with custom-built, unique attractions, usually heavily branded, and most often located in major metropolitan areas. The first such urban entertainment center (UEC) was the Universal CityWalk in Los Angeles, California, which opened in 1993, linking several Universal properties. Including various retail outlets, restaurants, and attractions, the CityWalk created a great deal of "sustained buzz" in the retail real estate industry, which began "embracing the notion that Universal Studios, Sony, Disney, and other entertainment companies could create new anchors and entertainment programs for shopping centers". Another significant UEC was the Sony Metreon in San Francisco, California (1999–2006).

Some nonprofit, educational installations, such as the Exploratorium in San Francisco, also have aspects of FECs in format and atmosphere, but with activities geared toward learning and experiencing rather than simple entertainment. Some for-profit enterprises also use this model, or mix edutainment with simpler amusement attractions.

In Canada

 * Chuck E. Cheese (U.S.-owned)
 * Playdium
 * Galaxyland at West Edmonton Mall (formerly named Fantasyland)

In Mexico

 * KidZania (Mexico City, 1999)
 * America's Incredible Pizza Company (Monterrey, U.S.-owned)

In the United Kingdom

 * The Living Rainforest
 * Water World, Stoke-on-Trent
 * Sea Life London Aquarium
 * Madame Tussauds

In the United States
The main national industry group in the U.S. is the National Association of Family Entertainment Centers (NAFEC), which is a division of the International Laser Tag Association (ILTA).

Some U.S.-based companies also have venues in Canada (noted above), but this is rare due to the legal/political difficulties involved in cross-border corporations.

North American FECs vary wildly in themes, size and features. Some of the larger businesses in this category have included:

 * Adventuredome
 * Adventure Landing (Jacksonville Beach, Florida, 1995)
 * America's Incredible Pizza Company (chain, based in Springfield, Missouri, 2002)
 * Boomers! Parks (chain)
 * Brunswick Zone XL (defunct, bowling/pool/video game chain)
 * Bullwinkle's
 * Bowlero
 * AMF Bowling
 * Bowlmor Lanes
 * Lucky Strike Lanes
 * Castle Park (full amusement park with FEC section, Texas)
 * Celebration Station (chain)
 * Chuck E. Cheese (chain, based in San Jose, California, 1977)
 * Club Disney (defunct)
 * Crayola Experience
 * Dave & Buster's (Dallas, Texas, 1982)
 * Discovery Zone (Lenexa, Kansas, 1990)
 * Disney Junior Play Zone
 * DisneyQuest (defunct)
 * Disney Springs (Urban Entertainment Center)
 * Downtown Disney (Urban Entertainment Center)
 * GameWorks (Seattle, Washington, 1997)
 * Mr. Gatti's Pizza
 * Golfland Sunsplash (full waterpark and miniature golf course with FEC section, California and Arizona)
 * John's Incredible Pizza Co. (1997)
 * Jeepers! (defunct)
 * KidZania
 * Legoland Discovery Center (Schaumburg, Illinois, 2008)
 * Malibu Grand Prix
 * Main Event Entertainment
 * Mountasia Family Fun Centers
 * NASCAR Speedpark (NASCAR racing theme; four U.S. locations)
 * Nickelodeon Universe
 * Peter Piper Pizza (chain)
 * Putt-Putt Fun Center
 * Regal FunScape (chain; movies, minigolf, video & "VR" games, food court, etc., depending on location)
 * Round1 Bowling and Amusement and Spo-Cha (chain, Japan-owned)
 * Scandia Amusement Park (full amusement park with FEC section, California)
 * Sky Zone (chain, indoor trampoline park; locations in US and Canada)
 * Sony Metreon (Urban Entertainment Center, San Francisco, California, 1999–2006, Japan-owned)
 * Stars and Strikes Family Entertainment Center
 * Tilt Studio (chain, an offshoot of the original Tilt arcade chain)
 * Universal CityWalk (Urban Entertainment Center)
 * Universal Studios Hollywood (Los Angeles, California, 1993)
 * Universal Orlando Resort (Orlando, Florida, 1999)
 * uWink (2007)
 * Urban Air Adventure Parks (2011)
 * Wannado City (defunct)
 * ZDT's Amusement Park (full amusement park with FEC section, Texas)

In other countries

 * Entertainment City (Manila Bay, Philippines)
 * Happy City (Colombia)
 * Round1 (Japan)
 * Sega Republic (Dubai, United Arab Emirates 2009, Japan-owned but closed down)
 * Universal CityWalk (part of Universal Studios Japan, Osaka, U.S.-owned)
 * Ferrari World Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates)
 * Trans Studio Makassar (Makassar, Indonesia)
 * Joypolis (Japan)
 * Dazzeland (Adelaide, Australia 1991-1998, now closed)
 * SuperPark (Finland)

title: Family entertainment center


text:
Konstanty Ildefons Gałczyński

Konstanty Ildefons Gałczyński (23 January 1905 – 6 December 1953), alias Karakuliambro, was a Polish poet. He is well known for the "paradramatic" absurd humorous sketches of the Green Goose Theatre.

Biography
Born to a lower-middle-class family in Warsaw, Gałczyński was evacuated with his parents at the outbreak of World War I, and from 1914 to 1918 he lived in Moscow, where he attended a Polish school. Returning to Poland in 1918, he studied classics and English language at the University of Warsaw, submitting a dissertation on a non-existent nineteenth-century Scottish poet, Morris Gordon Cheats.

His literary debut came in 1923 and was a member of the Kwadryga group of poets, and he was linked to satirical and political publications. In 1930 he married Natalia Avalov. From 1931-33, he held the post of cultural attaché in Berlin. From 1934-36 he was in Vilnius. He settled there at 2 Młynowa Street. There, in 1936, the couple's daughter Kira was born. Through his works, Gałczyński refers to the atmosphere of Vilnius, and that which Adam Mickiewicz left behind.

With the outbreak of World War II, Gałczyński received a draft card from the army. He took part in the Polish September Campaign of 1939. On 17 September, he became a Russian prisoner of war and was later captured by the Germans. He spent the duration of the occupation in the Stalag XI-A prisoner-of-war camp in Altengrabow, his poems printed secretly in anthologies. After the war he travelled to Brussels and Paris, returning to Poland in 1946. He established The 13 Muses Club in Szczecin in 1948 before moving back to Warsaw, and produced work for numerous weekly magazines.

Many of his postwar pieces, including "A Poem for the Traitor" ("Poemat dla zdrajcy"), an attack on Czesław Miłosz, "Chryzostom Bulwieć’s Trip to Ciemnogród" ("Podróż Chryzostoma Bulwiecia do Ciemnogrodu") and the panegyric "Stalin is Dead" ("Umarł Stalin") (1953), were written according to socialist realist conventions. In 1950, he became the object of an ideological battle, his artistic work denounced by Adam Ważyk at the Reunion of Polish Writers as petit bourgeois.

In the later years of his life, he wrote several greater poetic forms:
 * "Jan Sebastian Bach's Easter" (1950) ("Wielkanoc Jana Sebastiana Bacha")
 * "Niobe" (1951)
 * "Wit Stwosz" (1952)
 * "Olsztyn Chronicle" (1952) ("Kronika Olsztyńska")

From 1950 to 1953, he was associated with the forester’s lodge at Lake Nidzkie, where he wrote numerous works, including "Olsztyn Chronicle". It is there that his museum is currently located. He published the volumes of poetry Enchanted Droshky (1948) ("Zaczarowana dorożka"), Wedding Rings (1949) ("Ślubne obrączki") and Songs (1953) ("Pieśni"). He also produced translations, or paraphrases, of A Midsummer Night's Dream by William Shakespeare (1952) and Ode to Joy by Friedrich Schiller.

He is portrayed, under the name of 'Delta,' in Miłosz's The Captive Mind (1953).

Death
He died on 6 December 1953, aged 48, following a third heart attack.

Artistic legacy
Gałczyński's poetry is an inspiration to many authors of popular music; some of his poems having a number of interpretations. They were used by Olga Lipińska in her TV cabaret among others. At the time of the People's Republic of Poland, his poem Beloved Country (Ukochany kraj) was made into a socialist feel-good song. A musical, Beloved Country, was directed by Janusz Józefowicz at Studio Buffo musical theatre.

The most famous songs based on a Gałczyński text include the following:
 * "The Ballad about Two Sisters" ("Ballada o dwóch siostrach"), with music by Stanisław Staszewski, sung by Kazik Staszewski with Kult
 * "The Ballad about Two Sisters" ("Ballada o dwóch siostrach"), with music by Adam Sławiński, sung by Stan Borys
 * "The Ballad about Easter Ham" ("Ballada o Wielkanocnej szynce"), with music by Krzysztof Knittel, sung by Jan Kobuszewski
 * "Barbara Ubryk" ("Barbara Ubryk"), with music by Krzysztof Knittel, sung by Jan Kobuszewski
 * "What Have I Done?"/"What am I Guilty of?" ("Cóżem winien"), with music by Adam Tkaczyk, sung by Tkaczyk with Wyspy Dobrej Nadziei
 * "The Woodpecker and the Girl" ("Dzięcioł i dziewczyna"), sung by Maryla Rodowicz
 * "The Woodbine" ("Dzikie wino"), music Wojciech Trzciński, sung by Magda Umer
 * "Today I Was Lying Again" ("Dziś znowu leżałem"), with music by Jerzy Derfel, sung by Jan Kobuszewski
 * "If You Were to Stop Loving Me One Day" ("Gdybyś mnie kiedyś"), with music by Tomasz Łuc, sung by Katarzyna Groniec
 * ·"I Say! Let Us In" - II and III part of "Seven Heaven" poem ("Hola, wpuść nas!"), with music by Grzegorz Turnau, sung by Turnau
 * "Darling, My Darling" ("The Letter of the Prisoner") ("Kochanie moje, kochanie" – "List jeńca"), with music by A. Panas, sung by Michał Bajor
 * "Cocaine" ("Kokaina"), with music by Jerzy Derfel, sung by Piotr Fronczewski
 * "Lyric, lyric" ("Liryka, liryka"), with music by Grzegorz Turnau, sung by Turnau
 * "Mother Earth" ("Matka Ziemia"), with music by Stanisław Syrewicz, sung by Piotr Fronczewski
 * "A Prayer to Guardian Angel" ("Modlitwa do Anioła Stróża"), with music by Adam Tkaczyk, sung by Tkaczyk with Wyspy Dobrej Nadziei
 * "A Prayer to Guardian Angel" ("Modlitwa do Anioła Stróża"), with music by Robert Kasprzycki, sung by Kasprzycki and Janusz Radek
 * "Everything Will Turn Out Well" ("Na sto dwa"), with music by Jerzy Derfel, sung by Jan Kobuszewski
 * "A Night" ("Noc"), with music by the ProForma quartet, sung by Przemysław Lembicz with ProForma
 * "I Don’t Write Letters" ("Nie piszę listów"), sung by Mroku on the album Mroczne Nagrania
 * "To Rescue from Oblivion" ("Ocalić od zapomnienia"), with music by Marek Grechuta, sung by Grechuta
 * "A Song" ("Piosenka"), with music by Artur Gadowski, sung by Gadowski
 * "Lament over Izolda" ("Płacz po Izoldzie"), with music by Grzegorz, sung by Turnau
 * "A Pump" ("Pompa"), with music by Grzegorz Turnau, sung by Turnau
 * "A Request for Happy Islands" ("Prośba o wyspy szczęśliwe"), with music by Stanisław Syrewicz, sung by Magda Umer
 * "With Lunar Dust" ("Pyłem księżycowym"), with music by Stanisław Syrewicz, sung by Magda Umer
 * "Romance about Three Emigrant Sisters" ("Romanca o trzech siostrach emigrantkach"), with music by Wojciech Waglewski, sung by Jacek Bończyk
 * "A Secretary" ("Sekretarka"), with music by Ewa Kornecka, sung by Jacek Wójcicki
 * "An Owl" ("In a Dream…") ("Sowa" – "We śnie"), sung by Grzegorz Turnau
 * "The Confession of a Fool" ("Spowiedź kretyna"), with music by Stanisław Syrewicz, sung by Piotr Fronczewski
 * "A Poet’s Death" ("Śmierć poety"), with music by Stanisław Staszewski, sung by Kazik Staszewski with Kult
 * "A Poet’s Death" ("Śmierć poety"), with music by Włodzimierz Korcz, sung by Marian Opania
 * "In a Dream" ("We śnie"), with music by Adam Tkaczyk, sung by Adam Tkaczyk with Wyspy Dobrej Nadziei
 * "Spring Is Supposed To Come Back, Baroness" ("Wróci wiosna, baronowo"), with music by Stanisław Staszewski, sung by Kazik Staszewski with Kult
 * "An Invitation for the Trip" ("Zaproszenie na wycieczkę"), with music by Adam Tkaczyk, sung by Tkaczyk with Wyspy Dobrej Nadziei

Commemoration
Since 1998 a biennial poetry competition has been organised in Szczecin, named Gałczynalie in honour of the poet. A Green Goose foundation was formed in Warsaw in September 2007.

Gałczyński was portrayed in the book The Captive Mind (Zniewolony umysł) by Czesław Miłosz; he is Delta.

There is Konstanty Ildefons Gałczyński Street in Warsaw.

Institutions named after Gałczyński
Approximately 30 schools in Poland are named after Konstanty Ildefons Gałczyński, among them Secondary School No 1 in Otwock, Secondary School No 2 in Olsztyn, Gymnasium No 7 in Częstochowa, Primary School No 7 in Legnica, Gymnasium No 2 in Stargard Szczeciński and in Poznań Secondary School No 20 and, until 2000, the former Primary School No 37. Gałczyński is also the patron of libraries, one community centre and the Happy Islands Foundation for Friends of Children with Cancer.

The Green Goose Theatre
Among Gałczyński's best known works are the satirical mini-pieces of the Green Goose Theatre ("Teatrzyk Zielona Gęś"). Several hundred of these ostensible dramas, usually only a few lines long, appeared in the Kraków literary journal Przekrój. They frequently parody serious drama and cultural icons – in Hamlet and the Waitress, Hamlet is unable to choose between coffee and tea in a café and expires from indecision to be buried in a coffin marked HAMLET IDIOT, while in Greedy Eve Adam fails to get a bite of the apple, causing the entire Bible to be "a total loss". The final curtain is frequently brought into the action, being variously scripted as falling "optimistically", as coming down accidentally and then going up again, or as being lowered by an anteater.

title: Konstanty Ildefons Gałczyński


text:
Talk:The Melted Coins

Linkspam
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title: Talk:The Melted Coins


text:
Talk:The Short-Wave Mystery

Linkspam
See [] for discussion about User FWDixon/Bob Finnan's link spamming and plagiarism.

title: Talk:The Short-Wave Mystery


text: File:Ramones - Animal Boy cover.jpg

title: File:Ramones - Animal Boy cover.jpg


text:
Talk:Marduk-apla-iddina II

Untitled
Hello John You re-moved Marduk-apal-iddina I to Marduk-apal-iddina II, which I cannot understand. Due to the time schedule at the List of kings of Babylon, but also comparing with the article at the german wikipedia this seems to be wrong. Can u please explain. Thx --Creando 16:47, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

As I said on your page - Marduk-apal-iddina I was a Kassite king, on whom we do not have an article. This guy is the second of that name. john k 17:09, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

Inconsistencies
This article first half-implies that he was born in 722, then says that he usurped the throne in 721, then lists his reign as starting in 722. The Canon of Kings says 721. So, which is it? Zocky 03:52, 25 November 2005 (UTC)
 * it is not known when he was born, only his year of death. the period given in the parenthesis is his period of rule. as for the exact year, sources give conflicting information. supine 17:26, 30 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Babylonian kings are usually dated with their first year of rule after the last year of their predecessor. So even if Marduk-apal-iddina actually seized the throne in 722 BC, his first dated year of reign would be in 721 BC. Yes, it´s a bit confusing, especially in this period when the throne of Babylon was constantly usurped and reclaimed by Assyrian and Chaldean kings. --JFK 22:28, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I personally understand this, but the article says he usurped the throne in 721 BC and reigned 722-710. Shouldn't it be the other way around? (i.e. usurped 722, r.721-710)? Thank you. Cornelius (talk) 19:07, 20 June 2017 (UTC)

Marduk-apal-iddina II was never the king of Assyria. He was king of BABYLON from 722-710 and ALSO from 703-702. The chart at the bottom is incorrect. 71.234.135.68 (talk) 10:53, 20 March 2008 (UTC)

P vs. B
"B" (as in Baladan) probably reflects how the word was pronounced during that time, while the "P" (in Marduk-apla-iddina) uses a generic modern transcription of the cuneiform script which was originally established with respect to a centuries-earlier time period of the Akkadian languages... AnonMoos (talk) 21:18, 5 October 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Marduk-apla-iddina II


text:
Talk:Lord Baltimore

Lord Baltimore
Lord Baltimore refers to Cæcilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore. Barons Baltimore refers to the Calvert family proprietors of MD. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Taco325i (talk • contribs) 16:48, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

 * No, "Lord Baltimore" can refer to any holder of the Barony of Baltimore. Proteus (Talk) 22:59, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lord Baltimore


text:
Talk:The Secret Panel

Linkspam
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title: Talk:The Secret Panel


text:
Talk:The Phantom Freighter

Linkspam
See [] for discussion about User FWDixon/Bob Finnan's link spamming and plagiarism. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 64.12.116.139 (talk • contribs) 16:48, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

Funny Spoiler
hahahahaha, that's the funniest spoiler ever. cute even. i almost have to think that the spoiler tag is tongue in cheek. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 63.113.199.109 (talk • contribs) 07:36, 13 December 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Phantom Freighter


text:
Charles Armand Tuffin, marquis de la Rouërie

Charles Armand Tuffin, marquis de la Rouërie  (13 April 1751 – 30 January 1793), also known in the United States as "Colonel Armand," was a Breton cavalry officer who served under the American flag in the American War of Independence. He was promoted to brigadier general after the Battle of Yorktown. He is also known as a founder and early leader of the Breton Association (the Chouannerie) during the French Revolution. La Rouërie is less-remembered than Lafayette and others in writings of French participation in the Revolutionary war.

Early life
Destined for a military career from his earliest years, La Rouërie had an impetuous temperament that soon brought him to the public eye. He spent a rebellious youth in and around the French royal court, serving as an officer in the Gardes Françaises. Infatuated with actress Mademoiselle Fleury, he was rejected when he asked for her hand in marriage. He later met the Count of Bourbon-Busset, in a duel. After wounding the count in the duel, he fell into disgrace with the king and was ejected from the Gardes. La Rouërie took poison and went to la Trappe to die. His friends met him there and prevented his suicide.

American Revolution
In January, 1777, La Rouërie embarked from France to join the Americans in their fight for independence. His ship the Morris, was attacked by three British ships on its arrival in April. It sank in Chesapeake Bay, Delaware but La Rouërie succeeded in getting to shore with only three surviving servants.

Under George Washington's orders, he became Colonel Armand and recruited volunteers which he paid from his own pocket. Pulaski's Legion, initially named after its commander, was renamed the First Partisan Corps (or Armand's Partisan Corps or Armand's Legion) after Pulaski's death at the end of 1779. Made up of infantry and cavalry, this corps of foreign volunteers fluctuated between three and five companies strong.

Promoted to a General on 25 June 1778, La Rouërie took part in the battles of New York, Monmouth, Short Hills, Brandywine, Whitemarsh, the Campaign in Virginia, and the Siege of Yorktown. In 1781, Colonel Armand returned to France to re-equip his troops, and was there made a Knight of the Order of Saint-Louis. On 26 March 1783, he was made a brigadier general in the American Army, though he left the American Army on 25 November that year. He returned to France in the summer of 1784. He retained his friendship with Washington after leaving America and the two continued to correspond. La Rouërie was also made a member of the Society of the Cincinnatis French chapter.

Early French Revolution
In 1785 La Rouërie married Louise-Caroline Guérin, Marquise de Saint-Brice, a wealthy aristocrat. Shortly afterwards she developed mental illness and was treated by doctor Valentin Chevetel. Chevetel's help was not enough and La Rouëries wife died months later.

In the time leading to the French Revolution, La Rouërie declared himself a champion of the nobility and parliament of Brittany, which was struggling against the central court at Versailles. He was one of 12 deputies sent to the king in 1787 to petition for restoration of the province's privileges. In 1788 he gave up his military career when he rejected a command offered by Louis XVI, out of opposition to the king's suppression of liberties which the kingdom of France had accorded Brittany on their union, and was imprisoned as a result in the Bastille on 14 July that year. He was freed a month later but would give up his former ideals. At first, he welcomed the Revolution which soon followed, but at the Estates General of 1789 he was indignant at seeing the Breton nobility succumb to the demands of the Third Estate. Excited to resistance, he provoked a refusal to send representatives to the Estates General, saying that he did not want those of the ancient nobility to bend over themselves to become a double representation of the people. This helped lead to the creation of the Breton Association.

Breton Association
La Rouërie traveled to Koblenz and received special powers granted by the Comte d'Artois. and the Count of Provence although this came later as the Count of Provence was absent at the time. La Rouërie then began to organize the Breton Association. The Association raised troops and measures were taken to build support garrisons of the National Guard. La Rouërie was then scheduled to address the ranks of men.

La Rouërie found support among the population of Brittany, who were very disappointed with the results of the Revolution, after having first been in favor, and then strongly opposed to the Civil Constitution of the Clergy, which sought to destroy the independence of the Catholic Church in France from control by the State. La Rouërie, a non practicing Catholic criticized the Civil Constitution of the Clergy, and prepared the manifesto of the Breton Association. He also argued that since the abolition of the Provincial Estates General of Brittany, poverty had increased, and taxes were now three times higher.

On 20 April 1792, the French declared war on the Archduchy of Austria and the Holy Roman Empire. That same day, opponents of the Revolutionaries received the support of the Kingdom of Prussia, and the Army of Émigrés, leading to the formation of the first coalition against Revolutionary France. The Breton Association was ready with 10,000 men equipped for battle.

After a raid by French Revolutionary Army dragoons upon the Marquis's castle, La Rouërie moved to Launay-Villiers, which was located close to the hideout of Jean Chouan and his men. There is no evidence that La Rouërie and Jean Chouan ever met face to face, or that he had been recruited by the Association, but La Rouërie remained in hiding for three months at Launay-Villiers until early September.

Death
Throughout late 1792-early 1793, La Rouërie wandered the countryside of Brittany. He adopted the false name of Gasselin and was accompanied by only Loaisel Fricandeau, his secretary, and Saint-Pierre, one of his servants. On 12 January 1793, after traveling around the forest of La Hunaudaye, La Rouërie and his two companions sought refuge near Castle Guyomarch, which belonged to the family of the same name from the parish of Saint-Denoual. It had snowed that day, and Saint-Pierre was suffering from a fever. La Guyomarch, a member of the Association, had already hosted la Rouërie three times in the previous month. They were housed in the castle for a couple days but Saint-Pierre's state was not improving. The next day, Loaisel Morel fetched a surgeon at Plancoët. On January 18 Saint-Pierre recovered, but then La Rouërie in turn fell ill on January 19. Guyomar recalled Dr. Morel, then as a precautionary measure, sent for Dr. Taburet of Lamballe. La Rouërie was believed to be suffering from a fever and was suffering from chills and severe coughing but it is now known that La Rouërie had pneumonia.

On January 24, the National Guard of Lamballe made a raid on Castle Guyomarch. Alerted by a neighbor, La Guyomar hid the marquis in a farm, located a hundred meters from the castle. The Guard discovered nothing. The next day, Schaffner and Fontevieux came to Guyomarch, bringing with them a newspaper which told of the execution of Louis XVI on January 21. But the partners did not disclose the King's death to the Marquis, believing it would aggravate the Marquis and worsen the fever. In spite of the previous evening's episode, they maintained hope for his recovery. La Rouërie, however, asked to read the newspaper for news of the kings trial as he sensed his servant Saint Pierre. The Marquis requested Saint Pierre fetch him a drink. He read the newspaper which had been left behind in the room, and learned of the death of Louis XVI.

In a crisis of delirium, La Rouërie jumped out of bed, dressed, with the intent to leave the castle, but collapsed in a fit of weakness. For two to three days, he lay dying, alternating between prostration, delirium, and unconsciousness. A third doctor, Lemasson, was dispatched but could do nothing. La Rouërie died on 30 January 1793, at four-thirty in the morning.


text:
Talk:Great Black Swamp

Post-Civil War blacks
There is discussion at the Forty acres and a mule Wik. page of former slaves having difficulty when they moved here. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 211.225.33.104 (talk) 02:57, 2 September 2014 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 16:39, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

An image
There is an image that is present in the List of regions of the United States article but not here. Shouldn't it be added? File:Black_Swamp.svg — Preceding unsigned comment added by Adûnâi (talk • contribs) 13:24, 20 March 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
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MI
The introduction says that part of the swamp was in Michigan. It doesn't look like on the maps. 2600:6C67:1C00:5F7E:145:1D:17BD:A624 (talk) 04:08, 7 May 2023 (UTC)

 * Agree with above. That line is unsourced and doesn't seem consistent with the map here. I also don't see reference to michigan in any of the sources Kavigupta (talk) 04:00, 8 November 2023 (UTC)
 * removed for now, if someone would like to revert please add a citation Kavigupta (talk) 04:02, 8 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Great Black Swamp


text:
List of films set in Sicily

This is a list of films set in Sicily.

 * L'avventura (1960)
 * Baarìa (2009)
 * Divorce, Italian Style (1961)
 * Il Gattopardo (1963)
 * The Godfather (1972)
 * The Godfather Part II (1974)
 * Jessica (1962)
 * Malèna (2000)
 * Nuovo Cinema Paradiso (1988)
 * Purple Sea (2009)
 * Stromboli (1950)
 *  La Terra Trema (1948)

title: List of films set in Sicily