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Children's hearing

A children's hearing is part of the legal and welfare systems in Scotland; it aims to combine justice and welfare for children and young people. As of 31 March 2020, 8,875 of Scotland's children were subject to a compulsory supervision order.

A children's hearing is carried out by three specially trained lay tribunal members of the children's panel, a children's reporter, child and legal guardian and a representative of the local social work department. The children's reporter takes no part in the decision making process of a children's hearing. A change to the role was introduced in September 2009 and the reporter is able to make representations if the panel is at risk of making a decision which is not, in the reporter's view, competent or procedurally correct. The reporter is responsible for the administration of the Hearing and also represents the decisions of hearings in a court setting when grounds of referral (now known as the statement of grounds) are disputed or the child or relevant person is unable to understand and comment on the statement of grounds (for example, due to the child's age).

As of 24 June 2013, Children's Hearings Scotland took over the running of thirty two local authority panels to have one national children's panel for Scotland with approximately 2,700 volunteers supported by 22 area support teams.

Selecting cases for hearings
Children referred to hearings are first referred to the Scottish Children's Reporter Administration. Uniquely in Scotland, referrals may be made on offence grounds and/or care and protection grounds. The children's reporter investigates the case (usually via information provided by the social work department) and will decide whether or not compulsory measures of supervision may be required. If, in the reporter's opinion, such measures are required, a Hearing will be arranged. The Reporter may take other steps short of arranging a hearing, for example arrange for some form of restorative justice.

In 2019/20, 28.3% of referrals received (6,263) were for children and young people subject to a Compulsory Supervision Order at the point of referral. In the same year, 27% of children and young people referred had a Reporter decision to arrange a Hearing.

Any child generally under the age of 16, or under the age of 18 but still subject to a compulsory supervision order (CSO), who offends is referred to a hearing unless the area procurator fiscal decides that the seriousness of the case merits prosecution in either a sheriff court or the High Court of Justiciary.

Duty to attend

 * Panel Members

Right and Duty to attend
This group of people, unless excused by the panel, must attend every hearing to contribute to the proceedings of the hearing.

 * Child
 * Relevant Person (Relevant person is a person who is either the birth parent, unless these rights and responsibilities have been removed by a court; an individual with parental rights and responsibilities that has been appointed by a court order; or, an individual who has been deemed by a Children's Hearing where they have (or has recently had) a significant involvement in the upbringing of the child)

Right to attend

 * Child Representative
 * Relevant Person Representative
 * Principal Reporter (or as delegated to a Children's Reporter, Trainee Reporter or Assistant Reporter)
 * Safeguarder
 * Member of the Administrative Justice and Tribunals Council or the Scottish Committee of that Council (acting in that person's capacity as such)
 * Member of an Area Support Team (acting in that person's capacity as such)
 * Representative of a newspaper or news agency
 * Escort supporting Child / Relevant Person (for example a constable, prison officer, or other person)

Other persons
Finally are the group of people where attendance is not compulsory, however would assist the proceedings by giving information to the panel and aid discussion. The chairing person, however, has a responsibility to keep attendees down to a minimum. Other persons may include:
 * Social workers
 * Teachers
 * Health Visitors

Some people maybe excluded from the hearing if it would be in the benefit of the child/young person. If relevant persons, their representatives and/or (if necessary) the press are excluded, the "substance" of the discussion which took place needs to be discussed on their return.

Hearings
For the hearing itself, a child may automatically be entitled to legal assistance when specific circumstances apply. These are when: In other circumstances, the child and/or relevant persons can apply for legal assistance via the Scottish Legal Aid Board (SLAB). Children's Legal Representatives are members of special panels maintained by SLAB, with all costs met by the Scottish Government. The hearing may also appoint an independent person known as a Safeguarder whose purpose is to prepare a report to assist the hearing in reaching a decision; the Safeguarder must act in the best interests of the child, which indeed is the basis of all decisions made by children's hearings. Each Children's Hearing must consider whether the child's immediate safety is assured. If this is not the case panel members have the power to issue an Interim Compulsory Supervision Order (when the child does not already subject to a Compulsory Supervision Order) or Interim Variation of a Compulsory Supervision Order (when the child already has a Compulsory Supervision Order but there is not enough information to make a substantive decision). This interim measure empowers the social work department to the move the child to "a place of safety" (e.g. Children's Residential Home, Foster Care, the care of relatives). Panel members also have the powers to issue a warrant when necessary to enforce the attendance of a child who has failed to attend his/her hearing.
 * an application is made to the Sheriff for variation or recall of a child protection order
 * a children's hearing is to be held on the second working day after a child protection order has been granted
 * a children's hearing, or pre-hearing panel, considers that it may be necessary to make a compulsory supervision order including a secure accommodation authorisation
 * a hearing is arranged after the child is detained in custody by the police.

Section 67 Grounds
For a child to be required to attend a Children's Hearing, one or more Section 67 Ground must be relevant to the child. They include various care and offence related grounds. The grounds are that:
 * (a): the child is likely to suffer unnecessarily, or the health or development of the child is likely to be seriously impaired, due to a lack of parental care
 * (b): a schedule 1 offence has been committed in respect of the child
 * (c): the child has, or is likely to have, a close connection with a person who has committed a schedule 1 offence
 * (d): the child is, or is likely to become, a member of the same household as a child in respect of whom a schedule 1 offence has been committed
 * (e): the child is being, or is likely to be, exposed to persons whose conduct is (or has been) such that it is likely that
 * (i) the child will be abused or harmed, or
 * (ii) the child's health, safety or development will be seriously adversely affected
 * (f): the child has, or is likely to have, a close connection with a person who has carried out domestic abuse,
 * (g): the child has, or is likely to have, a close connection with a person who has committed an offence under Part 1, 4 or 5 of the Sexual Offences (Scotland) Act 2009 (asp 9)
 * (h): the child is being provided with accommodation by a local authority under section 25 of the 1995 Act and special measures are needed to support the child
 * (i): a permanence order is in force in respect of the child and special measures are needed to support the child
 * (j): the child has committed an offence
 * (k): the child has misused alcohol
 * (l): the child has misused a drug (whether or not a controlled drug)
 * (m): the child's conduct has had, or is likely to have, a serious adverse effect on the health, safety or development of the child or another person
 * (n): the child is beyond the control of a relevant person
 * (o): the child has failed without reasonable excuse to attend regularly at school
 * (p): the child
 * (i) is being, or is likely to be, subjected to physical, emotional or other pressure to enter into a marriage or civil partnership, or
 * (ii) is, or is likely to become, a member of the same household as such a child.
 * (q): the child
 * (i) has been, is being or is likely to be forced into a marriage (that expression being construed in accordance with section 1 of the Forced Marriage etc. (Protection and Jurisdiction) (Scotland) Act 2011 (asp 15)) or,
 * (ii) is, or is likely to become, a member of the same household as such a child.

Decisions
Following a grounds hearing, the panel may decide that compulsory measures of supervision are not required and discharge the referral.

However, if required, hearings have power to make a number of orders – these are:
 * Compulsory supervision order (CSO)
 * Interim compulsory supervision order (ICSO)
 * Medical examination order
 * Warrant to Secure Attendance.

When making either a CSO or ICSO, the hearing could attach a number of measures which may range from attendance on a particular programme, conditions regulating contact with parents or other significant adults/family members, contact with a social worker, placement in foster care, residential accommodation or secure accommodation. Once issued a CSO must be reviewed by a Hearing within 12 months. Relevant persons (as described above) and children can ask for this to be reviewed at any stage after 3 months. The social work department have powers to ask for the order to be reviewed though at any time.

History
The children's hearings system was initiated by the Social Work (Scotland) Act 1968, and further reinforced by Children (Scotland) Act 1995 and Children's Hearings (Scotland) Act 2011. It followed a report in April 1964 of a committee set up by the Secretary of State for Scotland under the chairmanship of Lord Kilbrandon, a Senator of the College of Justice, to examine how young offenders were dealt with.

The existing juvenile courts were regarded as unsuitable because they had to combine the characteristics of a criminal court with those of a treatment agency. Separation of functions was recommended. The establishment of the grounds of referral (where disputed) was to remain with the courts but decisions on treatment were to be the responsibility of a new and unique kind of tribunal, which would be neither a court of law nor a local authority committee. On 15 April 1971, hearings took over from the courts most of the responsibility for children under 16.

The Children's Hearings (Scotland) Act 2011 came into force on 24 June 2013 and brought a number of changes including updated grounds, updated legal orders, pre-hearing panels and the use of interim measures (instead of warrants).

title: Children's hearing


text:
Michael McDonald

Michael or Mike McDonald may refer to:

 * Michael McDonald (musician) (born 1952), American blue-eyed soul singer
 * Mike McDonald (footballer) (born 1950), footballer for Stoke City and a number of Scottish clubs
 * Mike McDonald (American football) (born 1958), American football player
 * Michael McDonald (costume designer) (born c. 1963), American costume designer
 * Michael McDonald (comedian) (born 1964), American actor-comedian
 * Michael McDonald (kickboxer) (born 1965), Canadian K-1 fighter
 * Michael McDonald (basketball) (born 1969), American basketball player
 * Michael McDonald (runner) (born 1975), Jamaican runner
 * Michael McDonald (poker player) (born 1989), Canadian poker player
 * Michael McDonald (MMA fighter) (born 1991), American mixed martial artist
 * Michael McDonald (rugby union) (born 1999), Australian rugby union player
 * Michael Cassius McDonald (1839–1907), American crime boss and political boss
 * Michael Phillip McDonald, Australian judge
 * Michael P. McDonald (born 1967), American political scientist

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Michael McDonald


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Vietoris–Begle mapping theorem

The Vietoris–Begle mapping theorem is a result in the mathematical field of algebraic topology. It is named for Leopold Vietoris and Edward G. Begle. The statement of the theorem, below, is as formulated by Stephen Smale.

Theorem
Let $$X$$ and $$Y$$ be compact metric spaces, and let $$f:X\to Y$$ be surjective and continuous. Suppose that the fibers of $$f$$ are acyclic, so that
 * $$\tilde H_r(f^{-1}(y)) = 0,$$ for all $$0\leq r\leq n-1$$ and all $$y\in Y$$,

with $$\tilde H_r$$ denoting the $$r$$th reduced Vietoris homology group. Then, the induced homomorphism
 * $$f_*:\tilde H_r(X)\to\tilde H_r(Y)$$

is an isomorphism for $$r\leq n-1$$ and a surjection for $$r=n$$.

Note that as stated the theorem doesn't hold for homology theories like singular homology. For example, Vietoris homology groups of the closed topologist's sine curve and of a segment are isomorphic (since the first projects onto the second with acyclic fibers). But the singular homology differs, since the segment is path connected and the topologist's sine curve is not.

title: Vietoris–Begle mapping theorem


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Talk:Digital8

Digital8 Playback on a Diffrent Sony Handycam Model???
I'd like to know if I can playback a 8mm tape recording that was made on Sony Digital8 Candorder (TRV280) on a different Sony Digital Cam Model (i.e TRV140).

As you know the Digital8 cammorders encode digital format to a 8mm tape so not just any 8mm analog player will work. I would think that Sony would keep the same encoding standards across their Digital HandyCams but I wanted to ask if anyone out there has been in the same situation need to get recording off a 8mm digital HandyCam.

Thanks —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.29.12.115 (talk) 00:14, 11 July 2009 (UTC)

Yes it should work. I have played tapes from several different Digital8 camcorders on a different Digital8 camcorder successfully (all PAL). However as with all formats, especially in LP mode, there may be slight misalignments between hardware, which might cause problems (probably rare). --Dsandlund (talk) 13:53, 25 April 2011 (UTC)

RQimg
can someone put a picture of the tape on the page? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.55.84.200 (talk • contribs)

 * I'll see what I can do, if I get time. --TangentIdea 22:14, 13 May 2006 (UTC)

Ummmm....it's standard 8mm tape, which has it's own Wikipedia entry and is shown in other Wiki topics. Pzo

I have significantly edited this page for sentence/paragraph structure and added a lot of history and marketing information. Thanks for the great core, whoever did that!

What happens standard-grade Video8 tapes are used?
How will the Digital 8 recording appear? Is it similar to my attempts to record Digital VHS onto standard VHS? (It works, but with lots of pixelation.) The article does not say WHY using Video 8 tapes is discouraged, and it should. It should also state where the recommendation comes from (Sony? A hobbyist?  Or merely original research?). - Theaveng 16:23, 27 September 2007 (UTC)

I've tried it in PAL (not LP) and it worked without any problems. I suppose that some Video8 tapes MAY be of lower quality, which may not be enough for Digital8. And if memory serves me right, earlier Video8 tapes actually used an inferior formula (could be wrong though). However the short answer is: in my experience it works nicely. --Dsandlund (talk) 13:58, 25 April 2011 (UTC)

PCM Hi8 Audio Playback on Digital8
What are the issues regarding using a digital8 deck to play back Hi8 footage? I have read there may be problems with Hi8 utilizing PCM audio. See http://www.openeyesvideo.com/evo9850hi8.htm Dcsutherland 12:06, 26 October 2007 (UTC)

Digital8 camcorders will not access the PCM audio track. Relatively little equipment used the PCM audio system however.

I've assembled a list of the European Digital8 camcorders with analogue playback capability: http://www.video99.co.uk/Video8_Hi8_to_dvd_transfers.html If anyone has further to add to the list, please let me know. Colin99 (talk) 21:02, 23 May 2008 (UTC)

Plagerism from/on answers.com
http://www.answers.com/topic/digital8?cat=technology

Sections of this article appear word for word. The question is who copied from who?

--Zippy1981 (talk) 22:43, 14 March 2008 (UTC)

I'm not sure about the exact licensing terms, but Wikipedia is basically open source, right? --Dsandlund (talk) 13:59, 25 April 2011 (UTC)

released before 1999
I was using D8 in my high school film class (I still have the tapes, and they are definitely D8), and I left high school in '98, so the format must be from at least '98, probably '97. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 121.72.245.138 (talk) 15:22, 17 September 2008 (UTC)
 * "D8" can also refer to Data 8, which predates Digital8 by several years. Although intended for use in computer tape drives, Data 8 tapes also work perfectly in analogue Video8 machines, so I'm guessing this is what you used in 1997? 193.113.37.9 (talk) 10:57, 1 August 2012 (UTC)

Sony no longer makes any d8 equipment.
Should we not change the "The future of the Digital 8 format is in question" to "Sony has discontinued manufacturing digital8 camcorders and VCRs"

and "Digital8 (or D8) is a consumer digital recording videocassette" to Digital 8 "WAS a digital recording videocassette"? I don't think anyone has made D8 equipment for years.... Mateck (talk) 20:45, 4 May 2017 (UTC)

No GB size of the tape for SP and LP variants?
This article is fundamentally lacking this basic information. For comparison, the article on Mini DV mentions it has the capacity to hold 13 GB. 93.185.26.11 (talk) 12:03, 28 May 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Digital8


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I, Robot (Cory Doctorow)

I, Robot is a science-fiction short story by Cory Doctorow published April 15, 2005.

According to Doctorow's website:

 * In spring 2004, in the wake of Ray Bradbury pitching a tantrum over Michael Moore appropriating the title of Fahrenheit 451 to make Fahrenheit 9/11, I conceived of a plan to write a series of stories with the same titles as famous sf shorts, which would pick apart the totalitarian assumptions underpinning some of sf's classic narratives.

The story is influenced by Isaac Asimov's robot series and by George Orwell's 1984.

The story is set in the type of police state needed to ensure that only one company is allowed to make robots, and only one type of robot is allowed.

The story is set in a future Toronto, part of the United North American Trading Sphere, and follows single father detective Arturo Icaza de Arana-Goldberg while he tries to track down his missing teenage daughter. The detective is a bit of an outcast because his wife defected to Eurasia, a rival Superpower.

Reception
The story won the Locus Award for Best Novelette and was a finalist for the 2006 Hugo Award for Best Novelette.

title: I, Robot (Cory Doctorow)


text:
Roger de Coverley

Roger de (or of) Coverley (also Sir Roger de Coverley or ...Coverly) is the name of an English country dance and a Scottish country dance (also known as The Haymakers). An early version was published in The Dancing Master, 9th edition (1695). The Virginia Reel is probably related to it.

References in modern culture
It is mentioned in Charles Dickens' A Christmas Carol (1843) when the Ghost of Christmas Past shows Scrooge a party from his apprenticeship with Mr. Fezziwig. "...the great effect of the evening came after the Roast and Boiled, when the fiddler ... struck up 'Sir Roger de Coverley'. Then old Fezziwig stood out to dance with Mrs. Fezziwig." In the 1951 film Scrooge, based on Dickens's story and starring Alastair Sim in the title role, the fiddler is shown playing the tune at an energetic tempo during the party scene. It figures in William Makepeace Thackeray's short story The Bedford-Row Conspiracy as the musical centrepiece of a political feast pitting the Whigs against the Tories, and in Arnold Bennett's novel Leonora as music considered by the older gents as more suitable for a ball than the likes of the Blue Danube Waltz. The 1985 British TV adaptation of Dickens' Pickwick Papers showed the titular character, along with his friends performing the dance at Christmas celebrations at the Manor Farm - Mr. Wardle's residence.

It is also played in the 1939 film version of Wuthering Heights, during the sequence in which Heathcliff, newly established as master of the estate, visits the ball at the invitation of Isabella Linton.

It is mentioned in Silas Marner by George Eliot, when the fiddler at the Cass New Year's Eve party plays it to signal the beginning of the evening's dancing, and in the children's book The Rescuers by Margery Sharp.

Harry Thompson mentions the dance in his first novel This Thing of Darkness: "... and so it was that, five minutes later, he found himself bowing to her, and she curtsying in reply, as they lined up facing one another for the commencement of the Sir Roger de Coverley".

The dance plays a part in the Dorothy Sayers short story "The Queen's Square"; in Washington Irving's The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.; in Stig of the Dump by Clive King when Barney and his sister attend a fancy dress party; in D H Lawrence's Sons and Lovers (1913), where Gertrude Morel is reported never to have learned the dance; and in Anthony Trollope's novel Can You Forgive Her? Vol. 2 Ch. IX.

The tune was used by Frank Bridge in 1922 as the basis of a work for strings titled Sir Roger de Coverly (A Christmas Dance).

Sir Roger de Coverley was also the name of a character in The Spectator (1711), created by Joseph Addison and Richard Steele. An English squire of Queen Anne's reign. Sir Roger exemplified the values of an old country gentleman, and was portrayed as lovable but somewhat ridiculous ('rather beloved than esteemed') (Spectator no. 2), making his Tory politics seem harmless but silly. He was said to be the grandson of the man who invented the dance.

title: Roger de Coverley


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Frederick of Isenberg

Count Frederick of Isenberg (Friedrich von Isenberg) (1193 – 15 November 1226) was a German noble, the younger son of Arnold of Altena  (died 1209). Before the split between Arnold of Altena-Isenberg the eldest and his brother Friedrich Altena-Mark the younger son of Everhard von Berg-Altena. His family castle was the Isenberg near Hattingen, Germany.

Murder
According to recent research, Frederick of Isenberg was a leading figure in the opposition of Westphalian nobles to the aggressive power politics of the Archbishop of Cologne, Engelbert of Berg.

In 1225 at the Nobles' Assembly in Soest, Count Frederick met his cousin Count Engelbert von Berg, Archbishop of Cologne, in order to bring about a peaceful agreement concerning the stewardship (Vogtei) of Essen Abbey, which Count Frederick, according to contemporary complaints, was abusing to his own benefit and to the detriment of the abbey. No conclusion was reached.

During their return together from Soest to Cologne, Count Frederick arranged to ambush his cousin, in a defile at the foot of the Gevelsberg between Hagen and Schwelm in the late afternoon of 7 November 1225, in the course of which the Archbishop was killed.

There is no consensus as to whether it was a deliberately planned murder, or whether the Archbishop was killed in the heat of combat. Current research assumes the latter, and that it was intended to take him into "knightly detention" so that the political demands of the opposing nobility could be pushed through. This was in accordance with the customs of the medieval feuding ethos.

Aftermath
Frederick of Isenberg was outlawed and excommunicated. He was stripped of all offices and stewardships and his entire personal wealth. In the winter of 1225/1226 the new Archbishop of Cologne, Heinrich von Müllenark, besieged and destroyed his castle.

Frederick travelled with his brothers Dietrich and Engelbert, bishops of Münster and Osnabrück (both also implicated in the death of the Archbishop), and the notary of Isenberg with the necessary documents to the Curia in Rome, in order to have the excommunication lifted.

On the return journey Frederick was taken prisoner at Liège and sold for 2,100 silver marks to the chapter of Cologne Cathedral. On 14 November 1226 he was executed in front of the Severin Gate in Cologne. His arms and legs were smashed and he was broken on the wheel, after which he was displayed on a stone pillar. He did not die until the next day.

His son, Count Dietrich von Altena-Isenberg, later fought to recover his paternal inheritance and founded the house of the Lords of Limburg Styrum and the house of the Counts of Limburg Hohenlimburg and the County of Limburg at Hohenlimburg.

Marriage and children
Frederick married c. 1210 Sophie of Limburg, a daughter of Waleran III, Duke of Limburg and Cunigunde of Lorraine. They had issue:
 * Dietrich I (born before 1215, died 1301), last Count of Isenberg and Altena, 1st Count of Limburg (a.d.Lenne)
 * Friedrich of Altena (born before 1220, died after 1243)
 * Elisabeth of Altena (born before 1220, died after 1275), married ca. 1234 Dietrich II Count of Mors (born 1226, died 1275)
 * Sophie of Altena (born before 1222, died after 1292), married in 1237 Heinrich III von Volmestein
 * Agnes of Altena (born before 1228, died after 1282), married in 1243 Burchard III von Broich. They had 13 children
 * a daughter, married John I, Count of Sponheim-Starkenburg.

Literature

 * Kraus, T.R., Die Entstehung der Landesherrschaft der Grafen von Berg bis zum Jahre 1225, Neustadt an der Aisch 1981
 * Andernach, N., Entwicklung der Grafschaft Berg, in: Land im Mittelpunkt der Mächte. Die Herzogtümer Jülich-Kleve-Berg, Kleve 1984, S.63-73.
 * Hoederath, H.T. Der Fall des Hauses Isenberg 1225/1226 . In rechtsgeschichterlicher und soziologischer Schau, 1954 Zeitschrift der Savigny stiftung fur Rechtsgeschichte. Kanonistische Abteilung
 * Aders,G. Die Grafen (von Limburg) und die Herrn von Limburg-Styrum aus dem Haus Berg-Altena-Isenberg. Zeitschift 'Der Marker" 1956 blad 7.
 * Korteweg, K.N. Descendants of Dietrich I Graf von Limburg Hohenlimburg. (Corrected lineage). De Nederlandse Leeuw Jaargang LXXXI no.8 August 1964.
 * Berg, A. Lineage counts of Limburg Hohenlimburg and Lords of Limburg-Styrum. (Same independent conclusion) Archive fur Sippenforschung Heft 14. Jahrgang 30. Mai 1964.
 * Klueting, H: "'Daß sie ein Abspliß von der Grafschaft Mark ist, daran ist kein Zweifel'": Die Grafschaft Limburg vom 13. bis zum 19 Jahrhundert", in: Jahrburch des Vereins für Orts-und Heimatkunde in der Grafschaft Mark 93/93 (1995), pp 63–126.
 * Marra, S: "Grafen von der Mark, Herzöge von Kleve-Mark" und "Jülich-Kleve (Hof)", in: Werner Paravicini, editor: Fürstliche Höfe und Residenzen im spätmittelalterlichen Reich, (Sigmaringen 2003)
 * Eversberg, H. Graf Friederich von Isenberg und die Isenburg 1193-1226. Hattingen 1989
 * Gerhard E. Sollbach: "Der gewaltsame Tod des Erzbischofs Engelbert I. von Köln am 7. November 1225. Ein mittelalterlicher Kriminalfall", in: Jahrbuch des Vereins für Ort- und Heimatkunde in der Grafschaft Mark, 93./94. Bd., 1995, pp 7–49.
 * Bleicher, W. Hohenlimburgher Heimatblätter fűr den Raum Hagen und Isenlohn. Beiträge zur Landeskunde. Monatsschrift des Vereins fűr Orts- und Heimatkunde Hohenlimburg e.V. Drűck Geldsetzer und Schäfer Gmbh. Iserlohn. County of Limburg Lenne. 1976-2012

title: Frederick of Isenberg


text:
Ring (video game)

Ring: The Legend of the Nibelungen, or simply Ring, is a 1998 point-and-click adventure video game for Microsoft Windows and Mac OS developed by Arxel Tribe and published in North America by Red Orb Entertainment and in Europe by Cryo Interactive. The game is based on Richard Wagner's four opera cycle Der Ring des Nibelungen, and features music from various performances of the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra conducted by Georg Solti from 1958 to 1964, chosen in collaboration with PolyGram and Decca. French comic-book artist Philippe Druillet also worked on the game, providing much of the artwork.

The game makes a significant departure from the source material by binding the stories behind the four parts of the cycle with a surrealist science fiction background; the main plot involves a being by the name of ISH, who is guided by the voice of Erda (played by Charlotte Rampling), and who discovers the story of the Nibelungen.

Ring received largely negative reviews in North America, but was a commercial hit, with sales above 400,000 units worldwide by October 2002. In 2003, Ring was followed by a sequel, Ring II: Twilight of the Gods, which brings the cycle to an end, following the two last parts of Wagner's Ring des Nibelungen, Siegfried and Götterdämmerung. Ring II was met with similarly extremely negative reviews, and unlike the first game, was considered a commercial failure.

Gameplay
Gameplay is similar to Cryo's previous game, Atlantis: The Lost Tales. The game is played primarily from a first-person perspective which is controlled by the mouse. To speak to people or interact with objects, the player must click on them with the pointer. The pointer also controls the direction of movement. However, when ISH moves from one location to another, the game briefly switches to a pre-rendered third-person view.

The game itself is, as per the source story, divided into four levels which can be played in any order. An asteroid serves as a "hub" to the game, allowing level selection, and is also the location of the introduction sequence which presents all of the major protagonists. The game also ends on the asteroid.

Story
Set in the 40th century, the game begins with the introduction of ISH, one of the last surviving humans. Humanity has been enslaved by an alien race that destroyed Earth millennia ago, and took away all creativity and creative expression, meaning humanity slowly lost all sense of its cultural history. However, ISH is given the chance to save humanity by the aliens. They present to him the story of the Nibelungen, and have him embody each of the four main characters in the hopes that his experiences will lead him to lust for power, which is what led to the downfall of humanity in the first place. However, the goddess Erda believes she can help ISH by guiding him towards rejecting the desire for power. The four characters are Alberich (a cruel and sadistic dwarf king), Loge (a fire spirit), Siegmund (the son of the god Wotan), and Brünnhilde (a Valkyrie warrior).

The story begins with Alberich arriving back in his kingdom to discover that he has very little left, nothing in the kingdom works, and his workers have formed a union and gone on strike. In order to break up the strike, Alberich must find something to satisfy the disgruntled workers, and with this aim in mind, he sets off to procure the gold of the Rhinemaidens.

The second part has the player in control of Loge. His story intertwines somewhat with that of Alberich's - in the employ of the gods, he is charged by Wotan with retrieving the Nibelungen ring and the magic crown of Wotan from Alberich.

The third section tells the story of Siegmund, son of Wotan, as he attempts to unravel the circumstances surrounding the death of his mother and sister.

The fourth section tells the story of Brünnhilde, Siegmund's half-sister, who saves him at the end of the third chapter. Her act enrages Wotan, and she is forced to flee to Valhalla where she can obtain a magic artifact to bring back to the asteroid on which the story begins - thus completing the titular "ring".

Differences to the original opera
The four individual chapters of the game refer to the first two parts of the opera cycle, Rheingold and Die Walküre, and the story is, for the most part, recognisable from its source material. However, there are several significant differences.

The most obvious alteration is the inclusion of a science fiction backstory that precedes and concludes the game. Another change is that in the opera, Siegmund is killed while fighting his sister's lover Hunding, whereas in the game he is saved by Brünnhilde. In the opera, Wotan confronts Brünhilde for saving Siegmund and confines her to eternal sleep, while in the game, she brings a magic artifact to the asteroid.

Development
Ring was the second game developed by Arxel Tribe, following its 1997 title Pilgrim: Faith as a Weapon.

Sales
Ring was a commercial hit. Libération reported its sales as 150,000 units by May 1999, following its launch in October 1998. According to Guillaume de Fondaumière of Arxel Tribe, it continued to sell for two years after release, which brought it to 270,000 units sold by March 2001. By October 2002, its sales had reached 400,000 units. Philippe Druillet placed Ring's lifetime sales in France near 200,000 units by 2006, and its overall sales above 450,000 units by 2007, at which time it had been released in 47 countries. Conversely, de Fondaumière reported in 2009 that it had sold more than 600,000 copies worldwide.

Critical reviews
The game received mainly negative reviews. It holds an aggregate score of 40.38% on GameRankings, based on twelve reviews. Ray Ivey of Adventure Gamers wrote that it "received some of the worst reviews of any game in the late 90s." However, The Electric Playground named it one of the best adventure games of 1999. Reviews in Slovenia were more positive.

GameSpot's Ron Dulin scored the game 3.7 out of 10. While he was impressed with the graphics engine, he criticised the art design as "bland and colorless." He was especially critical of the puzzles, which he felt suffered from a lack of logic. He concluded that "There are many problems with Ring, but the greatest one is that it is so utterly uninviting. A cold world filled with uninteresting, incoherent characters, bad voice acting, puzzles involving little or no logic, and an almost absolute lack of direction all add up to create a world that is unpleasant for all but its musical accompaniment."

Daniel Erickson reviewed the PC version of the game for Next Generation, rating it one star out of five, and stated that "Even if you're a fan of adventure games, opera, and Wagner's Ring Cycle, you'll still hate Ring."

IGN's Tal Blevins scored the game 2.7 out of 10 calling it "abysmal at best." He was highly critical of the science-fiction aspect of the story, and argued that anyone not familiar with the opera would be completely lost for the majority of the game. As with GameSpot, he was critical of the puzzles, which he called "utterly ridiculous." He praised the music and sound but was critical of the graphics, and called the game "a complete travesty" and "a 10 hour CGI movie with a horribly confusing plot."

Game Revolution's Johnny Liu gave the game an F. He too was highly critical of the puzzles and the trial-and-error nature of the gameplay. He argued that playing the game could be summarised as "you watch a sequence. Then you turn around, a lot, looking for "hot spots," and then watch another sequence. It's about as involving as channel surfing." He called the graphics "pixelated crap," although he praised the art design, and concluded that "Poor Richard Wagner is probably rolling in his grave. Even if it had the graphics, without strong gameplay and logical puzzles, Ring snaps under its own weighted ambitions."

Adventure Gamers' Rey Ivey was more impressed, scoring it 3.5 out of 5. He felt that the plot of the game made little sense and was critical of the dialogue, but, unlike almost all other reviews, he praised the graphics and the puzzles, saying "the graphics are a knock-out," and lauding the unusual nature of the puzzles.

Sequel
In 2003, Ring was followed by a sequel, Ring II: Twilight of the Gods, which brings the cycle to an end, following the two last parts of Wagner's Ring des Nibelungen, Siegfried and Götterdämmerung. Ring II was met with extremely negative reviews and is considered a failure.

title: Ring (video game)


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/DJ Mary

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Been merged, therefore I must redirect per GFDL. R e  dwolf24  (talk) 01:01, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

DJ Mary
Appears to be an awful minor character in Pokemon with little to say about. I vote delete unless there's a list of minor characters I don't know about in which case, I'd agree to a merge. (Was incorrectly tagged as a speedy because a lack of context) - Mgm|(talk) 10:36, August 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete cruft. Martg76 13:10, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, awfully small character. feydey 16:47, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge into the appropriate Pokemon article - WP:NOT paper. - ulayiti (talk)  19:14, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge somewhere or keep, no reason not to share this facet of the pokemon universe. Kappa 22:51, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment Has been merged into Goldenrod City, from where she hails. 82.210.117.215 11:09, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Nonnotable. Optichan 17:23, August 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/DJ Mary


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Omo remains

The Omo remains are a collection of hominin bones discovered between 1967 and 1974 at the Omo Kibish sites near the Omo River, in Omo National Park in south-western Ethiopia. The bones were recovered by a scientific team from the Kenya National Museums directed by Richard Leakey and others. The remains from Kamoya's Hominid Site (KHS) were called Omo I and those from Paul I. Abell's Hominid Site (PHS) were called Omo II.

Fossils
The bones found include two partial skulls, four jaws, a legbone, approximately two hundred teeth, and several other fossilized parts. Both of the specimens, Omo I and Omo II, are classified as anatomically modern humans (Homo sapiens), but they differ from each other in morphological traits. The Omo I fossils indicate more modern traits, while studies of the postcranial remains of Omo II indicate an overall modern human morphology with some primitive features. The fossils were found in a layer of tuff, between a lower, older geologic layer named Member I and a higher, newer layer dubbed Member III. The Omo I and Omo II hominin fossils were taken from similar stratigraphic levels above Member I.

Because of the very limited fauna and the few stone artifacts that were found at the sites when the original Omo remains were discovered, the provenance and estimated age of the Kibish hominids are uncertain. In 2008, new bone remains were discovered from Awoke's Hominid Site (AHS). The AHS fossil's tibia and fibula were unearthed from Member I, the same layer from which the other Omo remains derive.

Dating and implications
About 30 years after the original finds, a detailed stratigraphic analysis of the area surrounding the fossils was conducted. The Member I layer was argon-dated to 195,000 years ago, and the (higher layer) Member III was dated to 105,000 years ago. Numerous recent lithic records verify the tool technology from Members I and III to the Middle Stone Age.

The lower layer, Member I, (below the fossils) is considerably older than the 160,000-year-old Herto remains designated as Homo sapiens idaltu. The rainy conditions at that time—which are known from isotopic ages on the Kibish Formation corresponding to the ages of Mediterranean sapropels—suggest increased flow of the Nile River and, therefore, increased flow of the Omo River. But the climates changed such that, after 185,000 years ago conditions were so dry as to not allow speleothems to grow in the caverns in the Levantine land-bridge region, the vital inroad for migration to Eurasia.

Parts of the fossils are the earliest to have been classified by Leakey as Homo sapiens. In 2004, the geological layers around the fossils were dated, with the age of the "Kibish hominids" estimated at $195 ka$ [thousand years ago]. For some time, these were the oldest known fossils classified as H. sapiens (the Florisbad Skull is older, but its classification as H. sapiens was then disputed). With the dating of the Jebel Irhoud 1–5 to before 250 ka (315 ± 34 ka, and $286 ka$) in 2017, as well as the classification of the Florisbad Skull as H. sapiens, this is no longer the case.

In 2022, a study by Vidal et al. found an earlier age for the Omo fossils than previously reported, revising the date assigned to them as, a minimum date of approximately 233,000 years old.

title: Omo remains


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Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus

The Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus (CAPAC) is a caucus consisting of members of the United States Congress who are Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (AAPI), and who have a strong interest in advocating and promoting issues and concerning the AAPI community. CAPAC was founded on May 16, 1994, by former Congressman Norman Mineta.

While CAPAC describes itself as non-partisan, all of its current members are Democrats, though some past members, such as Joseph Cao, were Republicans. The caucus generally includes members of East, Southeast, South or Pacific Islander descent, who are executive board members of the caucus. It also includes associate members who have high concentrations of AAPI constituents in their district, or those with an interest in AAPI issues in general.

Mission

 * To ensure that legislation passed by the United States Congress, to the greatest extent possible, provides for the full participation of Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders and reflects the concerns and needs of the Asian American and Pacific Islander communities;
 * To educate other Members of Congress about the history, contributions and concerns of Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders;
 * To work with other Members and Caucuses to protect and advance the civil and constitutional rights of all Americans;
 * To establish policies on legislation and issues relating to persons of Asian and/or Pacific Islands ancestry who are citizens or nationals of, residents of, or immigrants to, the United States, its territories and possessions;
 * To provide a structure to coordinate the efforts, and enhance the ability, of the Asian American and Pacific Islander Members of Congress to accomplish those goals.

Leadership

 * Chair: Judy Chu (D) (CA-28)
 * First Vice-Chair: Grace Meng (D) (NY-06)
 * Second Vice-Chair: Mark Takano (D) (CA-39)
 * Whip: Ted Lieu (D) (CA-36)
 * Freshman Representative: Jill Tokuda (D) (HI-02)

Executive board members

 * Senator Tammy Duckworth (D) (Illinois)
 * Senator Mazie Hirono (D) (Hawaii)
 * Senator Brian Schatz (D) (Hawaii)
 * Representative Ami Bera (D) (CA-06)
 * Representative Ed Case (D) (HI-01)
 * Representative Dan Goldman (D) (NY-10)
 * Representative Jimmy Gomez (D) (CA-34)
 * Representative Al Green (D) (TX-09)
 * Representative Pramila Jayapal (D) (WA-07)
 * Representative Ro Khanna (D) (CA-17)
 * Representative Andy Kim (D) (NJ-03), retiring at end of 118th Congress to run for U.S. Senate
 * Representative Raja Krishnamoorthi (D) (IL-08)
 * Representative Barbara Lee (D) (CA-12), retiring at end of 118th Congress, ran unsuccessfully for U.S. Senate
 * Representative Doris Matsui (D) (CA-07)
 * Delegate Gregorio Sablan (D) (MP-AL), retiring at end of 118th Congress
 * Representative Bobby Scott (D) (VA-03)
 * Representative Marilyn Strickland (D) (WA-10)
 * Representative Shri Thanedar (D) (MI-13)

Associate members

 * Senator Cory Booker (D) (New Jersey)
 * Senator Catherine Cortez Masto (D) (Nevada)
 * Senator Kirsten Gillibrand (D) (New York)
 * Senator Alex Padilla (D) (California)
 * Senator Jacky Rosen (D) (Nevada)

 * Representative Pete Aguilar (D) (CA-33)
 * Representative Colin Allred (D) (TX-32)
 * Representative Nanette Barragan (D) (CA-44)
 * Representative Suzanne Bonamici (D) (OR-01)
 * Representative Brendan Boyle (D) (PA-02)
 * Representative Salud Carbajal (D) (CA-24)
 * Representative Gerry Connolly (D) (VA-11)
 * Representative Lou Correa (D) (CA-46)
 * Representative Jason Crow (D) (CO-06)
 * Representative Suzan DelBene (D) (WA-01)
 * Representative Mark DeSaulnier (D) (CA-10)
 * Representative Debbie Dingell (D) (MI-06)
 * Representative Anna Eshoo (D) (CA-16)
 * Representative Lizzie Fletcher (D) (TX-07)
 * Representative Valerie Foushee (D) (NC-04)
 * Representative Josh Gottheimer (D) (NJ-05)
 * Representative Steven Horsford (D) (NV-04)
 * Representative Sara Jacobs (D) (CA-51)
 * Representative Susie Lee (D) (NV-03)
 * Representative Lucy McBath (D) (GA-07)
 * Representative Gregory Meeks (D) (NY-05)
 * Representative Rob Menendez (D) (NJ-08)
 * Representative Kevin Mullin (D) (CA-15)
 * Representative Jerry Nadler (D) (NY-12)
 * Representative Grace Napolitano (D) (CA-31)
 * Representative Jimmy Panetta (D) (CA-19)
 * Representative Scott Peters (D) (CA-50)
 * Representative Katie Porter (D) (CA-47)
 * Representative Ayanna Pressley (D) (MA-07)
 * Representative Jamie Raskin (D) (MD-08)
 * Representative Deborah Ross (D) (NC-02)
 * Representative Linda Sánchez (D) (CA-38)
 * Representative Jan Schakowsky (D) (IL-09)
 * Representative Adam Schiff (D) (CA-30)
 * Representative Kim Schrier (D) (WA-08)
 * Representative Brad Sherman (D) (CA-32)
 * Representative Adam Smith (D) (WA-09)
 * Representative Haley Stevens (D) (MI-11)
 * Representative Eric Swalwell (D) (CA-14)
 * Representative Emilia Sykes (D) (OH-13)
 * Representative Dina Titus (D) (NV-01)
 * Representative Norma Torres (D) (CA-35)
 * Representative David Trone (D) (MD-06)
 * Representative Juan Vargas (D) (CA-52)
 * Representative Nydia Velázquez (D) (NY-07)
 * Representative Maxine Waters (D) (CA-43)
 * Representative Bonnie Watson Coleman (D) (NJ-12)
 * Representative Jennifer Wexton (D) (VA-10)

Last updated: April 14, 2024

Former members
Vice Presidents of the United States
 * Kamala Harris (D-U.S.), 49th Vice President of the United States (2021–present), United States Senator from California (2017–2021), 32nd Attorney General of California (2011–2017), and 27th District Attorney of San Francisco (2004–2011).

Members of Congress

 * Former Representative Karen Bass (D) (CA-37)
 * Former Representative Carolyn Bourdeaux (D) (GA-07)
 * Representative Katherine Clark (D) (MA-05)
 * Former Representative Marcia Fudge (D) (OH-11)
 * Former Representative Deb Haaland (D) (NM-01)
 * Representative Hakeem Jeffries (D) (NY-08)
 * Former Representative Kai Kahele (D) (HI-02) †
 * Representative Zoe Lofgren (D) (CA-18)
 * Former Representative Alan Lowenthal (D) (CA-47)
 * Former Representative Carolyn Maloney (D) (NY-12)
 * Former Representative Jerry McNerney (D) (CA-09)
 * Former Representative Stephanie Murphy (D) (FL-07) †
 * Former Representative Lucille Roybal-Allard (D) (CA-40)
 * Former Delegate Michael San Nicolas (D) (GU-AL) †
 * Former Representative Jackie Speier (D) (CA-14)
 * Former Representative Tom Suozzi (D) (NY-03)

† Served in leadership or as an executive board member


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Panday (character)

The Panday (Filipino for smith) is a fictional Philippine comics character created by writer Carlo J. Caparas and artist Steve Gan. His stories were first serialized in the comic series Ang Panday ("The Smith") in Pilipino Komiks during the late 1970s. The character, whose real name is Flavio, became a Philippine pop culture icon since it was adapted to film (Ang Panday) in 1980 with Fernando Poe Jr. portraying Flavio and Max Alvarado as his archenemy Lizardo. The film spawned three direct sequels, as well as multiple other more loosely connected films and television series including an animated version.

Publication history
In the 1970s, Carlo J. Caparas was thinking of a new comics adventure novel due to the wishes of his publisher Don Ramon Roces and then later he came up with a legendary folk hero named the Panday. He patterned the character to look like Fernando Poe Jr. as he instructed the artist and co-creator Steve Gan to draw the Panday's face similar to Poe's. Upon making the character, Caparas already conceived in his mind that Poe would be the Panday even before the character was still yet to be portrayed by Poe in film. The character along with its look, villains and powers also drew inspiration from Philippine history and culture.

Their creation first appeared in Pilipino Komiks in 1979 as the comic serial Ang Panday. It sold hundreds of thousands copies every week during its run in the 1980s. In the 1980s, the character was later serialized in Liwayway magazine entitled Dugo ng Panday and then as a comic strip in the People's Journal tabloid entitled Hiwaga ng Panday.

The first comic stories do not contain fantastical elements and the Panday is just an ordinary blacksmith named Flavio who fights criminals by using his sledgehammer and a branding iron, marking enemies with a "X" akin to Zorro's Z. He has no superpowers and no supernatural weapons. In the later stories, influenced by the first movie adaptation (which incorporated the Zorro-style mark in its first half), the Panday possesses a dagger that turns magically into a sword which he forged from a mystical meteorite. Caparas got the idea of the meteorite from his childhood where he and his playmates would find these kinds of rocks and break them open, revealing sparkling minerals that seem magical.

In 2005, an Ovaltine sponsored comics series was released about the character. The story of this comics was connected to the 2005 television series Panday aired at ABS-CBN and was still penned by Caparas but was drawn by Rico Rival and colored by Richard Bonzon.

Character background
The common story line for the Panday indicates that Flavio is a noble blacksmith and then one day a meteorite falls from the sky. He forges its ore into a dagger (balaraw in Filipino), which magically turns into a sword when he raises it and points to the sky. He uses this sword to fight evil forces who are oppressing his hometown.

Flavio is just a normal human and has no special powers or skills, except for his blacksmithing and swordsmanship. He uses his magical blade that emits energy bolts to fight his supernatural enemies. The blade hums or sings when danger is near and can cut through anything without resistance. He uses a shield on occasion, which is likewise also forged from the meteorite. Flavio wears a distinctive costume, composed of a red vest, dark pants and boots.

Besides Flavio's love interest, recurring supporting characters in the franchise include a boy sidekick and an old hermit-like adviser. For example, in the first film adaptation Ang Panday, there is a boy named Lando (portrayed by Bentot Jr.) that serves as Flavio's buddy and an old man named Tata Temyong, loosely "Grandpa Artemio" (played by Lito Anzures ) that serves as the Panday's adviser. The Panday's initial enemies are ordinary bandits, criminals and soldiers and then later he battles supernatural beings including witches, ghosts, flesh-eating beasts and demons. His archnemesis is Lizardo, originally an ordinary bandit leader in the first movie but later becoming a dark warlock and warlord in later movies. In the Poe movies, he also has his own singing sword.

In other media
Outside the comics world, the Panday is featured in various media, most notably in film and television as well as theme songs for these medium. The character became more popular due to the portrayal of Fernando Poe Jr. in Ang Panday film series from 1980 to 1984. Poe's Panday also appeared as cameo in other films including She-Man, Mistress of the Universe and Ang Pagbabalik ni Pedro Penduko. In 2010, Panday and other characters portrayed by Poe are featured in commemorative stamps issued by Philippine Postal Office.

1980s
The Ang Panday original film series consisted of four films: Ang Panday ("The Smith", 1980), Pagbabalik ng Panday ("The Return of the Smith", 1981), Ang Panday: Ikatlong Yugto ("The Smith: The Third Act", 1982), and Ang Panday IV: Ika-Apat Na Aklat ("The Smith IV: The Fourth Book", 1984). These films all starred Fernando Poe, Jr. as the title character, Flavio and Max Alvarado as Lizardo. After four films starring Poe, other Panday films were produced continuing or rebooting the story line of the original series. The original Ang Panday 1980 film is considered to be one of the most persisting and frequently rebooted film in the action-fantasy genre in the Philippines.

1990s
In 1993, Ramon "Bong" Revilla, Jr. headlined the film Dugo ng Panday ("Blood of the Smith") as a descendant and namesake of the original Flavio and Edu Manzano as the antagonist. The plot of the film takes place centuries after the first Flavio's death and then his descendant finds the sword because of his pure heart, and takes up his mantle as the Panday. Meanwhile, Lizardo's brain has been transplanted to an alien cyborg body (played by Manzano), while his head (still played by Alvarado) is preserved in a tank. Eventually, the new Panday destroys the cyborg and kills the head. In contrast to Poe's Flavio, this Flavio wears a brown vest. He also has to defeat the spirit of the first Panday when he claims the Panday's sword.

Also released in 1993 was Pandoy: Ang Alalay ng Panday ("Pandoy, the Smith's Lackey"), a parody of and homage to the original film series, which starred comedy actor Joey de Leon as Pandoy. In the film, the Panday is absent and a stable boy named Pandoy became the new blacksmith and he gets rid of the pirates and white slavers led by villainous Redentor (portrayed by Joel Torre) who is terrorizing his town. The film features a subplot of Pandoy having to choose between two romantic interests. He has a sidekick named Kadyo (Richie D'Horsie), who calls himself "ang alalay ng alalay ng Panday" (the lackey of the lackey).

A film in 1998 entitled Hiwaga ng Panday ("Mystery of the Smith") stars Jinggoy Estrada as Guiller, a gunsmith, and Kris Aquino as Emy, his love interest. The story starts as Flavio, the original Panday, finds the meteorite. He is shown fighting the Japanese during World War II, using his sword to deflect bullets, and survives into old age. Mortally wounded after facing a criminal gang armed with automatic rifles, he was able to kill them nevertheless and plant his magic sword into the wall of a small chapel, and only one with a clean heart and noble intentions may pull it out. In the present day, Guiller, an expert gunsmith and protector of the poor, meets Emy after both are taken hostage by criminals. Guiller becomes the new Panday after he retrieves the sword and fights a kidnap-for-ransom gang. The sword is melted and reforged into a shotgun which fires bullets and stun rays. It magically turns back to a sword when needed. Unlike all other incarnations of the Panday, Guiller wears a black jacket and jeans. He is at times aided by the spirit of Flavio, and he defeats the criminal who shot Flavio in a sword fight after the latter arose from Hell wielding the "sword of darkness", with Flavio appearing to take over his body to deal the final blow. At the end, another meteor falls and then returns to the heavens after Guiller/Flavio plants the sword into it for a final time.

2000s
In 2009, a reboot of the series, Ang Panday was released by GMA Films as one of the entries of 2009 Metro Manila Film Festival and stars Bong Revilla, who also starred in 1993 Dugo ng Panday film as a descendant of the original Flavio but this time he played as Flavio himself. Lizardo is played by Phillip Salvador who also played Flavio in the 2005 Panday television series. Ely Buendia and his Pupil band performed the theme song of the film. In 2011, a sequel, Ang Panday 2, was also shown in theaters as an entry of 2011 Metro Manila Film Festival, with the stars reprising their roles.

2010s
In 2017, it was announced that another Panday film was in the works with Coco Martin set to direct and star as Flavio after Caparas approved the film. The film marked Martin's directorial debut. The film (entitled also as Ang Panday) was eventually shown during the 2017 Metro Manila Film Festival. The theme song entitled "Ang Panday" is performed by Gloc-9 and Ebe Dancel. The evil Lizardo is played by Jake Cuenca in this film. As with the previous Panday iterations, Flavio in this film is a descendant of the original Panday.

1987 animated TV series
In 1987, RPN aired its first ever Filipino animated television series, Ang Panday based on Poe's character. The animated series, the first television adaptation of the Panday character, was created by Geirry Garccia with Poe reprising his role as the voice of the Panday. Garccia was honored for his animated works including the Ang Panday television series.

2005 TV series
In 2005, ABS-CBN aired a live-action Panday television series. It features a young new Panday named Tristan, played by Jericho Rosales, Heart Evangelista as Eden, his love interest, and Victor Neri as Lizardo. Philip Salvador plays a version of Poe's character who appears in the introductory episodes. In this version Flavio defeated Lizardo. However, Lizardo's brain is still alive, and Tristan, a man from the present time, becomes the Panday in Flavio's stead, as Flavio ascended to Heaven. The theme song entitled "Makita Kang Muli" (To See You Again) is performed by Sugarfree and it is included on their second album. According to Spot.PH, this series is one of best fantasy series in Philippine television.

Spin-off TV series
In 2010, after the film Dugo ng Panday that starred Bong Revilla as Flavio was released, GMA Network aired its spin-off, Panday Kids. It is a re-imagining of the Panday franchise of Carlo J. Caparas as well as a homage to Poe's film character. The series is about the three young descendants prophesied to combat evil and preserve the Panday spirit by protecting the legendary sword. It stars Robert Villar, Sabrina Man and Julian Marcus Trono as the Panday kids. Marvin Agustin played the main nemesis of Flavio, Lizardo, who previously played by Philip Salvador from the Ang Panday reboot film. Iza Calzado, who is from the previous film, reprised her role as Maria Makiling. The theme song of the series is performed by Parokya ni Edgar.

2016 TV series
In 2016, TV5 aired its first TV series remake of the series, Ang Panday starring Richard Gutierrez as Flavio and his descendants Miguel and Juro. The series was co-produced by Viva Television with TV5. Caparas was heavily involved in this project and he said that the series features three parts: a prequel, the story about Flavio and his journey to becoming the Panday, then moving to Miguel in the Spanish colonial period, and then Juro in the present day, as one then the other takes up his mantle as the Panday. In the final arc, Flavio and Miguel are transported to the present day to aid Juro. In this version, Flavio is a foundling and was raised by a priest. He also has a brother who was raised by bad elements. Chistopher de Leon portrayed the antagonist Lizardo.

title: Panday (character)


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Wave Dragon

Wave Dragon is a concept wave energy converter of the overtopping type, developed by the Danish company Wave Dragon Aps. Incoming waves flow up a ramp into a reservoir, the water the drains back to sea level though a hydro-electric turbine, generating electricity. "Reflector arms" are used to focus incoming waves, to channel the waves towards the ramp, increasing the energy captured.

In May 2003, it was the world's first offshore wave energy converter, connected to the Danish electricity grid. Testing continued in Denmark for several years until 2010. Plans were developed for a full-scale pre-commercial prototype in Wales, but this was never built.

Part of the development of Wave Dragon was a joint EU research project, including partners from Austria, Denmark, Germany, Ireland, Portugal, Sweden, and the UK.

History
The concept was formulated in 1987, by Danish engineeri Erik Friis-Madsen, and patented thereafter.

Between 1998 and 2001, prototype testing of the device was conducted at small-scale (1:50) in the Aalborg University wave tank, and at University College Cork.

In March 2003, a 1:4.5 scale, 237 ton prototype Wave Dragon was towed to the first test site, at the Danish Wave Energy Test Center in Nissum Bredning fjord. It was tested until January 2005, when during a storm the mooring broke and the device drifted onto the beach. The failure was caused by a faulty load transducer.

In April 2006 a modified prototype was deployed to another test site with more energetic wave climate. It was re-deployed again in 2009, with a rated power of 20 kW, and operated until problems with drifting ice halted testing in March 2010. The prototype was scrapped in 2011.

In 2004, plans were announced to build a series of wave power plants off the coast of Milford Haven, Wales. Wave Dragon had hoped to commercialise their technology in Denmark, but following the success of offshore wind power, the Danish government cut funding for other renewable technologies. An environmental impact assessment was completed in 2007 in support of the statutory consents for the "Wave Dragon Pre-Commercial Demonstrator". This project was for a 7 MW Wave Dragon moored off the Pembrokeshire coast in approximately 25 m water depth, 1.7 km west of Long Point. However, the 2007–2008 financial crisis caused delays in financing. However, the project was not built.

, Wave Dragon is seeking further funding to continue development of the concept.

Technology
Wave Dragon is a floating, slack-moored device, like a ship. As a wave energy converter, it functions as an 'overtopping' type which can be deployed as a single unit, or in arrays of up to 200 units; the output of such an array would have a capacity comparable to traditional fossil-fuel power plants.

The first prototype was connected to the power grid in 2003 and was deployed in Nissum Bredning, Denmark. Long term testing was conducted until 2010 to determine system performance; i.e. availability and power production under different weather and tide conditions. A multi-MW deployment was expected in 2009.

The Wave Dragon concept combines existing, mature offshore and hydro turbine technology. In the Wave Dragon, the Kaplan turbine is being tested at the Technical University of Munich. This turbine uses a siphon inlet whereas the next 6 turbines to be installed will be equipped with a cylinder gate to start and stop water inlet to the turbine.

Construction
Wave Dragon uses principles from traditional hydropower plants in an offshore floating platform to use wave energy.

The Wave Dragon consists of two wave reflectors that direct the waves towards a ramp. Behind the ramp, a large reservoir collects the directed water, and temporarily stores the water. The reservoir is held above sea level. The water leaves the reservoir through hydro turbines.

Three-step energy conversion:

Overtopping (absorption) -> Storage (reservoir) -> Power-take-off (low-head turbines)

Main components of a Wave Dragon:
 * Main body with a double curved ramp (reinforced concrete and/or steel construction)
 * Two wave reflectors in reinforced concrete and/or steel
 * Mooring system
 * Propeller turbines
 * Permanent Magnet Generators

Design
Wave energy converters make use of the mechanical motion or fluid pressure. Wave Dragon does not have any conversion, e.g. oscillating water/air columns, hinged rafts, and gyroscopic/hydraulic devices. The Wave Dragon directly utilises the energy of the water's motion.

The Wave Dragon is of heavy, durable construction and has only one kind of moving parts: the turbines. This is essential for any device bound for operations offshore, where extreme conditions and fouling, etc., seriously affect any moving parts.

Wave Dragon model testing has been used in order to:
 * Optimize 'overtopping'
 * Refine hydraulic response: anti-pitching and anti-rolling.
 * Reduce stress on wave reflectors and the mooring system, etc.
 * Reduce construction costs, maintenance and running costs.

Main body
The main body to or platform consists of one large floating reservoir. To reduce rolling and keep the platform stable, the Wave Dragon must be large and heavy. The prototype used in Nissum is of a traditional (ship-like) plate construction of plates of 8 mm steel. The total steel weight of the main body plus the ramp is 150 tons, so that 87 tons of water must be added to achieve the 237 tons total weight needed for stable continuous operation.

title: Wave Dragon


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Breguet (brand)

Breguet is a Swiss luxury watch, clock and jewelry manufacturer founded by Abraham-Louis Breguet in Paris in 1775. Headquartered in L'Abbaye, Switzerland, Breguet is one of the oldest surviving watchmaking brands and a pioneer of numerous watchmaking technologies such as the tourbillon, which was developed into a practical solution by Abraham Breguet in 1801. Abraham Breguet also invented and produced the world's first self-winding watch (the Perpétuelle) in 1780, as well as the world's first wristwatch in 1810 (the Breguet No.2639, for Caroline Bonaparte, Queen of Naples).

Breguet is a highly regarded watch manufacturer. Over the years, notable Breguet patrons and timepiece owners include Emperor of the French Napoléon Bonaparte, King George III, Queen Victoria, Alexandre I of Russia, Ettore Bugatti, Sir Winston Churchill, Sergei Rachmaninoff, Gioachino Rossini, Arthur Rubinstein and so on. The Breguet & Fils, Paris No. 2667 (1814) pocket watch is among the most expensive watches sold at auction, fetching US$4.69 million (CHF 4,339,000) in Geneva in May 2012. The Breguet Sympathique Clock No.128 & 5009 (Duc d'Orléans Breguet Sympathique), is currently the most expensive Breguet timepiece ever sold at auction, fetching US$6.8 million in New York in December 2012.

Since 1999, it has been a subsidiary of the Swiss Swatch Group.

Early history
Breguet was founded in 1775 by Abraham-Louis Breguet, a Swiss watchmaker born to Huguenot parents in Neuchâtel. He studied watchmaking for ten years under Ferdinand Berthoud and Jean-Antoine Lépine before setting up his own watchmaking business at 51 Quai de l'Horloge on the Île de la Cité in Paris. The dowry that came with his marriage to the daughter of a prosperous French bourgeois provided the backing which allowed him to open his own workshop.

Breguet's connections made during his apprenticeship as a watchmaker and as a student of mathematics helped him to establish his business. Following his introduction to the court, Queen Marie Antoinette grew fascinated by Breguet's unique self-winding watch; Louis XVI bought several of his watches. In 1783 the Swedish count Axel Von Fersen, who was the queen's friend and reputed lover, commissioned a watch from Breguet that was to contain every watch complication known at that time as a gift to Marie Antoinette. The result is a Breguet's masterpiece, the Marie-Antoinette pocket watch (Breguet No.160).

The business was a success, and around 1807 Abraham-Louis Breguet took on his son Louis-Antoine as his partner, renaming the firm "Breguet et Fils" (Breguet and Sons). Louis-Antoine took over the firm upon the death of his father in 1823. After Louis-Antoine retired in 1833 (he died in 1858) the business was passed to Abraham-Louis' grandson Louis Clément Francois (1804–1883).

Abraham-Louis' great-grandson Louis Antoine (1851–1882) was the last of the Breguet family to run the business. Although he had two sons and a daughter, they did not enter the business, so the Breguet company hired noted English watchmaker Edward Brown of Clerkenwell to manage the Paris factory. Brown eventually became a partner and, after Breguet's grandson's death, the owner and head of the company. When Brown died in 1895 the firm was taken over by his sons, Edward and Henry. On Edward's retirement in the early 1900s, Henry Brown became the head of the firm.

Recent development
From 1870 to 1970, Breguet was owned by the English Brown family. The Brown family were of English origin, Edward Brown was prominent factory manager who acquired Breguet from Abraham-Louis’ grandson, Louis-François, an engineer. Brown managed the brand through the turbulent French politics of the late 19th century. It was only after Edward’s death that the firm saw its sales rise near the levels it enjoyed before 1870. Edward’s son, Edouard, took over the business until 1912 when his brother Henry took over. After the Brown family, the ownership changed hands several times during the quartz crisis in the 1970s and 1980s. In 1976, Breguet's then-owner Chaumet closed its French factory and moved production to the Vallée de Joux in Switzerland.

In 1987, Breguet was acquired by Investcorp which, in 1991, created the Groupe Horloger Breguet (GHB). The Breguet Group consists of four subsidiaries: Montres Breguet SA, Breguet SA, Valdar SA and Nouvelle Lemania SA (which Breguet Group acquired in 1992). As a result, Breguet-brand watches are now made at the Nouvelle Lemania factory in Switzerland. In particular, Montres Breguet SA is the main company that sells timepieces under the brand name of "Breguet", and Breguet SA is the name of Breguet Group's distribution company in France.

In 1999, Groupe Horloger Breguet was acquired by the Swatch Group from Investcorp. Breguet is an active member of the Federation of the Swiss Watch Industry FH.

Motto and slogan
One of Breguet's company mottoes is "In every woman is a queen." The motto was introduced for Breguet's lady's collection, the Reine de Naples collection.

Watch manufacturing
Breguet watches are often easily recognized for their coin-edge cases, guilloché dials and blue pomme hands (often now referred to as 'Breguet hands'). In addition to watches, Breguet also manufactures writing instruments, women's jewelry, and cufflinks.

Notable inventions and patents
The following are some of the important inventions of Abraham-Louis Breguet and Breguet company.

 * In 1780, invented and produced the world's self-winding/automatic watch (the Perpétuelle).
 * In 1783, invented the Gong-spring, laying the foundation for minute repeaters.
 * In 1783, invented the Breguet hands.
 * In 1790, invented the Pare-chute, one of the world's first shock protection systems.
 * In 1795, invented the Breguet overcoil or Breguet spiral, being widely used in watchmaking industry to this day.
 * In 1801, invented tourbillon, balancing the effect of gravity.
 * In 1810, invented and produced the world's first wristwatch (Breguet No. 2639).
 * In 1830, Breguet produces the first watch wound without a key, equipped with a knurled knob for winding and setting the time.
 * In 1929, created the world's first (possibly) perpetual calendar movement for wristwatches (Breguet No. 2516).
 * In 2010, patented the magnetic pivot, used to improve watch precision using magnetism.
 * In 2010, introduced the magnetic strike governor.

Environmental rating
In December 2018, World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) released an official report giving environmental ratings for 15 major watch manufacturers and jewelers in Switzerland. Breguet, along with 7 other manufacturers including Patek Philippe, Audemars Piguet and Rolex, was given the lowest environmental rating as "Latecomers/Non-transparent", suggesting that the manufacturer has taken very few actions addressing the impact of its manufacturing activities on the environment and climate change.

There are concerns over the lack of transparency in manufacturing activities and the sourcing of precious raw materials such as gold, which is a major cause of environmental issues such as pollution, soil degradation and deforestation. The situation is especially serious in the developing countries which are top producers of gold, including China, Russia and South Africa. It is estimated that the watch and jewelry sector uses over 50% of world's annual gold production (over 2,000 tons), but in most cases the watch companies are not able to or are unwilling to demonstrate where their raw materials come from and if the material suppliers use eco-friendly sourcing technologies.

Most expensive pieces

 * In May 2012, a Breguet pocket watch, the Breguet & Fils, Paris No.2667, was sold in Christie's Geneva auction with a final price of US$4.69 million (CHF 4,339,000).
 * In May 2012, a Breguet pocket watch, the Breguet, Paris, No.4111, was sold in Christie's Geneva auction with a final price of US$2.75 million (CHF 2,547,000).
 * In December 2012, the Breguet Sympathique Clock No.128 & 5009 (Duc d'Orléans Breguet Sympathique, owned by Ferdinand Philippe, Duke of Orléans) was auctioned by Sotheby's for US$6.8 million in New York, making it the most expensive Breguet timepiece ever sold at auction. The clock was auctioned by Sotheby's for the first time in 1999, fetching a record-breaking US$5,777,500 in New York, after the shutdown of the celebrated Time Museum in Rockford, Illinois.
 * In May 2016, a pocket watch, the Breguet & Fils, No.217, was sold in Christie's Geneva auction for US$3.33 million (CHF 3,245,000).

Marie-Antoinette pocket watch
In 1783, an admirer of Marie Antoinette, the Queen of France, commissioned a watch from Abraham-Louis Breguet as a gift for the Queen. The requirement was that the watch should be "as spectacular as possible, incorporating the fullest range of horological expertise known at the time". There was no time deadline or financial limit with the commission.

The final product was the Breguet No.160 grand complication (Marie-Antoinette pocket watch). However, the watch was only finished in 1827, 34 years after the death of the Queen during French Revolution, and four years after the death of Abraham-Louis Breguet (the watch was eventually completed by the son of Abraham Breguet). In total, it took 44 years to make the watch.

The watch had been kept in the Museum for Islamic Art in Jerusalem until it was stolen in 1983. In 2007, the watch was eventually recovered and returned to the museum.

Gentleman's collection

 * Classique: popular round pieces, usually with reeded casebands and soldered lugs;
 * Grand complications
 * The Classique Tourbillon Extra-Flat, available in rose gold or platinum.
 * The Classique Small Seconds, available in rose gold or in white gold.
 * La Marine – water-resistant, distinguished by the presence of crown guards;
 * Heritage – tonneau-shaped cases;
 * Type XX, XXI, XXII – sports chronographs, based on World War II-era pilots' watches;
 * The Type XXII Flyback Chronograph, available in rose gold.
 * Tradition – similar to the long gone Souscription by Breguet, open-faced watches with the movement on the front, along with a small face.

Lady's collection

 * Classique
 * La Marine
 * Heritage
 * Tradition
 * Reine de Naples

Artists

 * Alexander Pushkin, Russian poet

 * Giovanni Paisiello, Italian composer
 * Sergei Rachmaninoff, Russian composer
 * Gioachino Rossini, Italian composer
 * Arthur Rubinstein, Polish-American pianist
 * Horace Vernet, French painter
 * Robert De Niro, American actor
 * Tien Hsin, Taiwanese actress
 * Takuya Kimura, Japanese actor and singer
 * Lee Min-ho, South Korean actor and model

Athlete

 * Cristiano Ronaldo, Portuguese professional footballer

Entrepreneurs

 * Ettore Bugatti, Italian-French automobile designer & founder of the Bugatti

Intellectuals

 * Marquis de Condorcet, French philosopher and mathematician

Politicians

 * Nicolas Sarkozy, 23rd President of France
 * Charles Maurice de Talleyrand, Prime Minister of France
 * Michel Ney, Marshal of France
 * Vladimir Putin, President of Russia
 * Dmitry Medvedev, Prime Minister of Russia
 * Sir Winston Churchill, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, 1953 Nobel Literature Prize winner
 * 1st Duke of Wellington, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom

Royalty

 * Napoléon, Emperor of the French
 * Empress Joséphine, first Empress of the French, first wife of Napoléon
 * Fuad I of Egypt, King of Egypt
 * Farouk of Egypt, King of Egypt
 * Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma, second Empress of France
 * Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette, King and Queen of France
 * Louis XVIII, King of France
 * Caroline Bonaparte, Queen of Naples
 * Selim III, Sultan of Ottoman Empire
 * Alexandre I, Tsar of Russia
 * George III, King of the United Kingdom
 * George IV, King of the United Kingdom
 * Queen Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom
 * Edward VIII, King of the United Kingdom and Duke of Windsor
 * Charles III, King of the United Kingdom and the 14 other Commonwealth realms

title: Breguet (brand)


text:
Talk:Ćevapi

Based on Charles Elesits
Chevab Csi Csi (Arm Csi), its moulded slang for Jesus (Would/Wood Bait), and therfore was used and promoted in the ghettos of Australia for entertainment, while Magda Szubanski had something to fill her pot, and we also have to remember the others (The Moon for eg.). — Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.10.59.12 (talk) 04:55, 24 September 2016 (UTC)

Food for politics
What is this nonsense about the dish being restricted to or prevalent in Bosnia and Herzegovina? It is common in Croatia, Serbia, Slovenia, Macedonia and all the other former republics of the FRY. Are you going to make a political issue out of food?

 * It's a dish commonly associated with BiH. True or false? True. If you were to pick the republic most commonly associated with it, which one would you pick? BiH, because it has the most inherent link to Ottoman heritage, and ćevapi is one of those things. --Joy [shallot]   14:42, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Actually false. It is same like saying that pizza is PizzaHut's meal, and if you would pick a land that would be USA as it is associated with them. You logic is completely false. Moreover, there are no written evidence of ćevapčići in Bosnia before end of 19th an beginning of 20th century. At the same time in mid 19th the spread from Leskovac to Belgrade
 * Ćevapčići are associated with Serbia and Leskovac. They were made by christian comunity on mobile barbecue carts or I front of small butcher shops near the market as they were paying higher taxes as non-christian population, and they were not allowed to have restaurant type of business. Cevapcici were made by butcher's helppers, usualy boys in teenage years as they had smaller hands and were sold by piece rather than per weight. This is why they are 20-30g per piece ( length corresponds to the width of the palm, and girth to the first knuckles of thumb and point finger) Ćevapi came later to Bosnia in 20th century. Basicaly in early 1900s they spread onto the Bosnia. First in Banja Luka and later to Sarajevo.They had similar dish on a skewerwith meat, parsley, onion, garlic, bread known as köfte kebab. All these famous ćevapdžinicas in Sarajevo are opened in '60s and '70s. Pixius  talk 19:57, 2 February 2021 (UTC)

Additionally, if there ever was such a thing in the terms of POV, it must be who cooks the best food! One may think the best dish is made in Sarajevo or Stari gradi on Hvar (my personal preference) or by ones mother, but that is hardly encyclopedic stuff! Asav

 * But the reputation of Baščaršija and Banja Luka ćevapi is positive fame - at least here in Croatia. This isn't a matter of expressing opinion, it is statement of fact - many people think that it's these ćevapi that are somehow the best. --Joy [shallot]   14:42, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Having said that, I'll try to merge the two versions. --Joy [shallot]

 * I ate ćevaps in Baščaršija and Banja Luka and I can say that they are not diferent from those made in my hometown Novi Sad. Maybe it cause we have a lot of Bosians here lately ^^ 81.18.55.28 23:52, 29 May 2006 (UTC)

Where ever it comes from... It's delish.

Please, everybody knows the Lekovacki rostilj (cevapcici from town Leskovac) is the best. The name cevapcici does not even exist in Bosnia. The dish spread in Croatia first on Adria coast because of enormous number of tourists from Serbia. 20-30 years ago, I doubt that you could get a portion of cevapcici in Zagreb.

They used to sell this where I live and I loved it, but then they stopped selling it for some reason. I haven't had Ćevapčići since about 10 years ago! — King Ivan  02:04, 28 January 2007 (UTC)

The name cevapcici does not even exist in Bosnia? You obviously have never been. Every city has at least a few places making cevapcici. Sarajevo is filled with them.

They have cevape in Zagreb, in a place called Bannja Lucke Cevape (english: Cevape from Banja Luka)

It's kind of annoying that some nationalists won't even let Bosnians have their own food/dish. I guess you have to start somewhere if you totally want to eradicate a people and its culture. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.174.235.245 (talk) 14:08, 17 February 2008 (UTC)

First of all, Cevapi or Cevapcici are not Croatian traditional food but Turkish. When Turks arive to Balkan, Serbs and Bosniaks accepted their traditional food like Cevapi. Actually, Turkish name for cevapi is Kebaps like in Iran. This meal is different from cevapi. Cevapi are "customised" in Serbia and best grill cevapi are in souther Serbia in Nis and Leskovac. --Dvatel (talk) 22:45, 14 June 2010 (UTC)

 * So you are saying they can't be traditional Croatian food because they are Turkish, yet they can be Serbian/Bosniak? Do you forget that the Turks occupied parts of present-day Croatia as well? Have you tasted every cevap in the region? How would you know which are best? Where are your sources for these claims. That's right, you have none. Step off your nationalist high horse and realise that Balkan cuisine is heterogeneous and influenced by many cultures that don't belong exclusively to one country. --Jesuislafete (talk) 23:00, 14 June 2010 (UTC)
 * Turks do not have cevap/cevapcici at all. Nor they ever had. They have tekirdağ kebapçı - which, according to Turkish sources, was made by settlers from Macedonia, during the 20th century population exchange Pixius talk 00:21, 31 March 2022 (UTC)
 * @Dvatel Turks, nor other Ottoman and Persian influenced regions do not have ćevap kind of dish. Main point of ćevap is that it does not use any additional "glue", the meat is at least 48h in preparation, mixed several times. The Kebabs are on the skewer 🍢, which serves as a support, made from fresh meat, mixed with spices and fresh vegetables, none of which ćevap has.
 * It would be same like saying all cackes are the same as they have eggs in it
 * The only dish available is in Tekirdăg Kebab, but as Turks say, the recipe was brought by settlers from Makedonija in 20th century (population exchange) Pixius talk 20:23, 19 March 2023 (UTC)
 * @Dvatel The meal is not Turkish weather. Only dish similar to ćevap/ćevapčići is Tekirdağ köftesi and Inegol, but it was made by post 1920 settlers from south of Serbia.
 * Kebap in turkey is made with different vegetables, parsley, some even put bread crumbs soaked in milk, and it is exclusively made "on spot" as soon as the mixture is thoroughly mixed, without meat fermentation Pixius talk 17:44, 13 January 2024 (UTC)

 * Oh my... nice political speech! Actually the word "Cevapcici" comes from the Turkish "kebab" or serbian ćevapčići. Yes, Turks occupied parts of Croatia as well as parts of Hungary, Poland, even Austria etc.. so what?

Yes Cevapcici are common in Croatia, but they are NOT traditional Croatian food! In many cities throughout Germany, doner kebab is more popular than hamburgers, but then again Kebab is not traditional food in Germany. --Dvatel (talk) 16:57, 16 June 2010 (UTC)
 * Sources for any of your "information"? --Jesuislafete (talk) 18:18, 16 June 2010 (UTC)

 * Any..? :))

* http://www.istrianet.org/istria/gastronomy/osteria/cevapcici.htm (Istrianet) * http://www.buzzle.com/articles/the-cuisine-of-yugoslavia-per-country.html (The Cuisine of Yugoslavia Per Country) * http://fm4v2.orf.at/enes/22107/main.html (The Original Cevapcici by ORF.at) * http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/103948/cevapcici (Assorted References by Britannica) * http://www.gastro.hr/autohtona-jela-hrvatskog-turizma--2404.aspx (Cro. txt.)

--Dvatel (talk) 09:07, 17 June 2010 (UTC)

 * LOL! You are serious? This is all you managed to google? Where do I begin? 1) The first site is an ISTRIAN site, not even a valid source--it is a site/blog run by a group of people. They mention "Bosnian, Serbian, etc" coming to Istria and THAT is your "source"? 2) Ditto Buzzle.com. Seriously? They even call Cevaps "traditional Balkan recipe", and they are not even a valid encyclopedic source. 3) fm4v2 website: let me just type in the first line here so everyone can see how encyclopedic and reliable it is "It probably came with Turks (rumor goes that originates form Liban), spread all over ex-Yugoslavia". This blogger doesn't even use proper English grammar. 4) This site is not even correct/comple, as it only lists cevapcici from Bosnia and Serbia when this article plainly makes clear they are located everywhere the Ottomans were. Moreover, the only reason why it is even mentioned is because they say that Cevapcic are the "national dish" of these countries. Just because other countries's governments don't have it as a "national dish" doesnt mean they aren't present there. 5) Cevapcici were imported from the Turks so of course they would not be called "authentic" Croatian food, because only parts of Croatia were occupied by Turks. The main ones--Slavonia, Zagorje, Medimurje, Istria, Dalmatian coast were not. Cevapi may not be as "Croatian" as they are Bosnian/Balkan, and they are not the national dish, but they still are and important part of the Turkish legacy left on the whole region. Why does this bother you? --Jesuislafete (talk) 19:37, 17 June 2010 (UTC)

 * Hm, valid encyclopedic source about Cevapcici... Are YOU serious?

Cevapcici may not be as "Croatian" as they are Bosnian/Balkan, and they are not the national dish, but they still are and important part of the Turkish legacy left on the whole region. I can't agree more! :) Dvatel (talk) 21:43, 17 June 2010 (UTC)
 * Wonderful. --Jesuislafete (talk) 03:47, 19 June 2010 (UTC)

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as start, and the rating on other projects was brought up to start class. BetacommandBot 16:14, 10 November 2007 (UTC)

Articles like this really jump my tubber, i am paranoid. Can anyone varify this please? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.129.197.230 (talk) 17:10, 6 September 2008 (UTC)

CEVAPCICI AND CEVAPI
The cevapcici dish that is very popular in Germany and some other countries of Europe is a dish that became part of popular culture first in Belgrade in the 19. centuries in kafanas. Than the Belgrade culture spread all across the Adria sea cost where the dish was introduced to the Germans and other tourists from abroad. On the other hand, cevapi that have etymologicaly same name have completely different cultural background, other kind of tast and are much smaller. Cevapi are traditional Bosnian dish indeed, but that are not allaround the Europe famous cevapcici. Stop behaving like children here.Luzzifer (talk) 15:45, 5 February 2009 (UTC)

 * I'm assuming this also has to do with the move history:

 * 08:29, 25 June 2005 210.213.138.58 (article created as Cevapcici)
 * 13:19, 25 June 2005 Joy (Cevapcici moved to Cevapi)
 * 28 June 2005 Evil Monkey m (Cevapi moved to Ćevapi)
 * 6 September 2006 Luzzifer m (moved Ćevapi to Ćevapčići: Ćevapčići are exclusevly known under this name in Germany and other European countries, as well as on Adria coast in Croatia.)
 * 26 May 2007 Joy m (moved Ćevapčići to Ćevapi over redirect: moved back, reverting a bad move - it's a derivative name and it's most definitely not exclusively used in all those places)
 * 20 January 2008 Luzzifer (The world knows cevapcici not cevapi. Just deal with it. It was the Serbian recepie that spread all over the world. Or, let make two articles.
 * 21 January 2008 Luzzifer m (moved Ćevapi to Ćevapčići over redirect: The word ćevapi is not common to English language. The english name for this food is ćevepčići, same in German.)

 * As far as the title is concerned - this is the English Wikipedia, and what you assert is "exclusively known" in Germany is not of paramount importance to the article title, because English readers may come from a variety of other places. The only English-language reference in the article uses the shorter name (AFAICT from the Google books preview). It is also likely much simpler for English readers to comprehend. The redirect stays, obviously. So, I see no apparent benefit in using the diminutive form. --Joy [shallot] (talk) 11:15, 3 January 2011 (UTC)
 * (Corrected the timeline, in older mediawiki, the moves weren't recorded nicely everywhere, so I had to check a few more pages. --Joy [shallot] (talk))

Types of čevapčići
Although I am aware of the fact that every čevapčići maker has his own recipe, I think it would be good to mention two (to my knowledge) main types of čevapčići: banjalučki čevapčići (čevapčići from Banja Luka) and sarajevski čevapčići (čevapčići from Sarajevo). As far as I know, banjalučki čevapčići are made out of beef and pork, while sarajevski are made out of beef and lamb. I have been told that the main reason is because the majority of people in Banja Luka are of Serbian ethnicity (who are mostly Orthodox), while people in Sarajevo are mostly Muslim (and therefore, cannot eat pork). Could someone please verify this? Also, which čevapčići are the original ones? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 188.129.101.28 (talk) 22:06, 5 February 2010 (UTC)

Ones made in Leskovac, Serbia.Cevapcici - original name of shape and look — Preceding unsigned comment added by 109.192.96.19 (talk) 14:05, 10 October 2013 (UTC)

Serbia
We have lot of sources for Serbia, do not remove it please, that not ok. -- Ąnαșταη  ( ταlκ )  16:12, 25 March 2014 (UTC)

Being objective and providing historic evidence is a must!
Due to the major politicization of the issue with the food and the issues of nationalistic sort I'll kindly ask the editors to refrain from using speculative material. With that being said I'd like to point some things for people to consider before jumping into the conclusions of being the ultimate creators of the Ćevap. The discussion is open for everyone who want to shed some light on the topic itself.

First of all, the Ottoman Empire expanded into the Serbian land during the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries, and only then they followed in the regions of Bosnia. That being said, there's literally zero chance that the Ottoman culture came to Bosnia first. I'm sorry fellow Bosnian people, but you're not the first to adopt Turkish cuisine nor their culture in general since it doesn't make sense chronologically and geographically. The Ottoman empire needed more than two hundred years to take down the Serbian capitol Belgrade and then move towards the western lands. Let's remind, the battle of Kosovo was in 1389. Turkish sultan died that time. The next attack was not before 1440. year. Then 1456. year. It failed. Then there was the attack during the 1521. year by the Ottoman forces which finally made the Serbian capitol theirs. That's more than a century of Turkish stagnation military-wise. There was a Great Serbian Empire which crumbled under the rule of Stefan Uroš V back in 14th century. By the time the Ottoman empire was at the Bosnia's doorstep, Serbia already took a lot of the Turkish culture and adopted Turkism in general in the daily colloquial linguistic use. Aside from that fact, the Serbian Hajduks were the ones who started the entire Ćevap trend which only later got widespread in the Balkans. Let's remember, the Turks have no equivalent food to that of Ćevap either. It is nonexistent meaning that Ćevap is quite possibly a genuine Balkan food which wouldn't be a surprise given the existence of Pljeskavica food. They most likely simply saw how it's made and gave it a completely generic name which is exactly what they did with Sarma. Yet, the Turks don't use Sour Cabbage to make Sarma either and while at it the phrase "Sarma" means nothing to the Turks since it doesn't define the food itself. The rough translation is "Stuffed" and the rough translation for the Kebab is "Grilled" (-fried- to be more precise). Given how there're many turkish words in the Serbian language, it's rather strange that words Ćevap and Kebab differentiate greatly in terms of the pronunciation, shape, form, method of preparation and so on. Aside from a very slight word association the Ćevap shares absolutely nothing in common with the Kebab. On top of that there doesn't exist anything similar to Pljeskavica in the turkish cuisine and yet Pljeskavica and Ćevapi are not all that different on the terms of preparation.

Aside from that, the earliest known data for the Ćevapi being made officially comes from the Leskovac region, under the banner of Leskovački roštilj (Leskovac Grill Festival) to be more precise. The lack of the historic evidence before that period is due to the Ottoman rule and no valid administration which would provide the much needed historic evidence in order to accord this dispute. With that being said, the diminutive form called "Ćevapčići" is nothing more than a derogatory term used by the Bosnian Ćevap makers in order to belittle the influence of the Serbian cuisine despite it's clear historic data and evidence on the terms of Hajduks and the famous Hajdučki ćevap. It's a rather ugly habit that somehow got stuck among the people. If anything, Serbian Ćevapi are actually bigger than the ones served in Bosnia (not including the Republika Srpska or rather - Banjalučki ćevap which is again made by the pro-Serbian populace).

As for me, I'll be willing to discuss this with fellow food enthusiasts and people who genially like Ćevapi. I urge you to keep things on a professional level and without much heated debates that serve no purpose nor provide anything in a constructive manner. Nenaraz (talk) 07:06, 9 September 2016 (UTC)

 * There is an actual academic research on the topic, but by posting it here it would spark a brawl... Pixius talk 00:26, 31 March 2022 (UTC)

 * Cevapi is not an Ottoman food brought to Serbia. It is an old Croatian/Illyrian food for roamers, like for those who go mountaineering or cut trees for ships. It became famous during the Ottoman occupation of Croatian Bosnia and Islamization. It was used by the Austrian supported rebellious Hajduks across the occupied territory and got famous inside the Ottoman Empire. That included also Serbia. So it is not from the Middle East. Cevapi is only a Croatian word for the Ottoman Turkish description of that meal as "kebap", which has nothing to do with what we understand of kebap today. From there the term cevapi went into other South Slavic languages, like into Serbian. Later, in the Austrian Empire, cevapi were more common in Serbia, because they were served as a stationary dish. But eventually were mass and industrially produced in the Austrian Empire also for its soldiers and Bosnians, who ate them as fast food. After forceful dissolution of Austria, the cevapi spread from Belgrade steadily across the SHS state, because fewer people could cook slowly anymore and were up for fast grilling. But it remained unimportant across the Adriatic, basically whole Croatia, the Croatian part of Montenegro like Kotor, or in Slovenia. Only around the 1960 it became popular there, because people were less imprisoned and used it as a take away food. Over the Croatian diaspora, it then was also made known in Italy and Germany as a "Yugoslav dish" similar to a bulette.--Hmmcevapi (talk) 21:49, 1 August 2023 (UTC)
 * @Hmmcevapi
 * Please, if you have reliable, non tabloid sources, predating any Croatian nationalism, feel free to post it here.
 * I will not respond to the above written nonsense Pixius talk 17:17, 13 January 2024 (UTC)

Somebody reverts it with no comment
I got a message, that my corrections were reverted without any explaination or further correction, so I guess it is just trolling. My corrections round up the article, which is currently in a bad shape with very selective information, mostly from Serbia lacking a lot of important details. Please help bring the article to light.--Hmmcevapi (talk) 21:20, 1 August 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ćevapi


text:
List of storage area network management systems

This is a list of Storage area network (SAN) management systems. A storage area network is a dedicated network that provides access to consolidated, block level data storage.

Systems

 * Brocade Network Advisor
 * Cisco Fabric Manager
 * Enterprise Fabric Connectivity (EFC) Manager
 * EMC ControlCenter
 * EMC VisualSRM
 * EMC Invista
 * Hitachi Data Systems HiCommand
 * HP OpenView Storage Area Manager
 * IBM SAN Volume Controller
 * Symantec Veritas Command Central Storage
 * KernSafe Cross-Platform iSCSI SAN