text:
Talk:Euphorbia mellifera

Common name
Very odd. Searching for the scientific name yeilded 229 Google hits yet searching for the "common name" got only 16. Should we still move this entry to the easier to remember name for consistency or should we go with Google? --mav

As a gardener, I'm familiar with this plant but had no idea of its common name. I'd stick with the Latin. --ramin

 * Fair enough. I will make the "common name" a redirect here then. --mav

Flowering time of Euphorbia mellifera
As a professional gardener in the UK I grow Euphorbia mellifera in many gardens and have only ever seen it flower in late spring rather than autumn.

Euphorbia longifolia Lam.
is the true name of this species and E. mellifera Ait. is one of its synonyms only. Now what to do with this article? Ies 20:22, 6 June 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Euphorbia mellifera


text:
Queensborough Community College

Queensborough Community College (QCC) is a public community college in New York City. One of seven community colleges within the City University of New York (CUNY) system, Queensborough enrolls more than 12,000 attending students and more than 775 instructional faculty.

Queensborough opened in 1959 as a campus of the State University of New York and in 1965 transferred to CUNY. The college offers more than 50 associate degree programs as well as certificate and continuing education programs. Queensborough is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education.

Campus
The 37-acre campus was constructed on the site of the former Oakland Country Club golf course. It comprises ten major buildings used for instruction and extracurricular activities. Among them are the Kupferberg Holocaust Resource Center and Archives, Queensborough Performing Arts Center, the QCC Art Gallery, and an astronomy observatory.

Academics
Queensborough offers the following degrees:
 * Associate in Arts (AA)
 * Associate in Science (AS)
 * Associate in Applied Science (AAS)

Transfer curricula are designed for students who plan to continue their studies at a four-year college or professional school. These curricula are equivalent to the first two years of study at a senior college.

Career curricula combine preparation for a career with a grounding in general education, with many graduates entering jobs in business, health sciences, industry, or government. Although career curricula are not primarily designed to prepare students for transfer to senior institutions, many career graduates decide to continue their studies and earn the baccalaureate.

Cultural institutions

 * The Kupferberg Holocaust Center houses books, documents (including nearly 400 doctoral dissertations on microfilm), and audio-visual materials for use by students, teachers, scholars and any other interested persons.
 * The Queensborough Performing Arts Center (QPAC) was founded in 1963 and seats more than 1,000 people. QPAC underwent an extensive renovation from 2023 to 2024.
 * The QCC Art Gallery was founded in 1966 by the first chairman of Queensborough Department of Art and Photography, Priva B. Gross. In 1981, the Art Gallery opened in its present location - historic 1920s Oakland Building, former club house for the Oakland Country Club and the oldest building on campus. The Art Gallery was renovated again in 2004.

Publications

 * The campus newspaper Communiqué is published monthly during the fall and spring semesters by the students in Introduction to Journalism.
 * The literary journal Collective is published annually during the spring semester by the students in Creative Writing Club and the English Department; it features original works created by attending students.

Athletics
Queensborough Community College teams participate as a member of the National Junior College Athletic Association (NJCAA). The Tigers are a member of the community college section of the City University of New York Athletic Conference (CUNYAC). Men's sports include baseball, basketball, cross country, soccer, swimming and track & field; women's sports include basketball, cross country, swimming, track & field and volleyball.

Notable alumni

 * Joe Santagato, YouTuber and entertainer
 * J.Sheon, Taiwanese rapper

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Queensborough Community College


text:
French ship Aconit

Four ships of the French Navy have borne the name of Aconit (meaning Aconite):
 * The FRENCH CORVETTE Aconit, of the Free French Forces, which dispatched two German submarines within a few hours during the Second World War
 * An Adjutant-class minesweeper, built in the United States, launched in 1953. She was sold to Tunisia as Sousse in 1966, and scrapped in 1988
 * The only frigate of the F65 type, built in 1968 and commissioned in 1973. She was a prototype of the F67 type frigates. She was decommissioned in 1996
 * The La Fayette-class frigate stealth frigate FRENCH FRIGATE Aconit, presently in service

title: French ship Aconit


text:
WTXR

WTXR is a radio station on 89.7 FM in Toccoa Falls, Georgia, United States. The station is owned by Radio Training Network of Greenville, South Carolina, and is part of its His Radio Praise network carrying a contemporary worship music format. Prior to being owned by RTN, WTXR was the student-run campus radio station of Toccoa Falls College.

History
Toccoa Falls College filed for a construction permit for a new FM radio station on July 13, 1995; the Federal Communications Commission approved the application on April 9, 1996. WTXR was licensed, initially as WDPA, on September 16, 1997, before changing call letters in November. The radio station played predominantly Christian rock and Contemporary Christian music but also featured various specialty shows. It was a companion to sister WRAF, which was also run by the college.

As time went on, students moved the station in a Christian rock direction as "The Eagle", helping give it a distinct identity from WRAF. WTXR, along with sister stations WEPC, WPFJ, WRAF, and translators W221AZ and W265AZ, were purchased by Radio Training Network, Inc. effective July 25, 2016 for $2.1 million.

title: WTXR


text:
Ulex europaeus

Ulex europaeus, the gorse, common gorse, furze or whin, is a species of flowering plant in the family  Fabaceae, native to  Western Europe.

Description
Growing to 2 - 3 m tall, it is an evergreen shrub. The young stems are green, with the shoots and leaves modified into green spines, 1 - 3 cm long. Young seedlings produce normal leaves for the first few months; these are trifoliate, resembling a small clover leaf.

The solitary flowers are yellow, 1 - 2 cm long, with the pea-flower structure typical of the Fabaceae; they are produced throughout the year, but mainly over a long period in spring. They are coconut-scented. The fruit is a legume (pod) 2 cm long, dark purplish-brown, partly enclosed by the pale brown remnants of the flower; the pod contains 2–3 small blackish, shiny, hard seeds, which are ejected when the pod splits open in hot weather. Seeds remain viable for 30 years.

Like many species of gorse, it is often a fire-climax plant, which readily catches fire but re-grows from the roots after the fire; the seeds are also adapted to germinate after slight scorching by fire. It has a tap root, lateral and adventitious roots. An extremely tough and hardy plant, it survives temperatures down to -20 C. It can live for about thirty years.

Invasive species
The species has been introduced to other areas of Europe, and also to the Americas, New Zealand, South Africa, and Australia, where it is often considered a weed and is a serious problem invasive species in some areas (notably the western United States, Chile and New Zealand). It was introduced to New Zealand from Britain as a type of hedge, but became a major blight to farmers as the climate suited its growth better than its native habitat and many of its natural predators were absent.

Common gorse is also an invasive species in the montane grasslands of Horton Plains National Park in Sri Lanka. It outcompetes native, endemic species and is a fire hazard.

Biological pest control is used on this plant in many areas. The gorse spider mite (Tetranychus lintearius) and the gorse seed weevil (Exapion ulicis) reduce the spread of the plant.

Cultivation
This plant is used for hedging, boundary definition and groundcover in suitably sunny, open locations. Cultivars include 'Strictus' (Irish gorse), a dwarf form, and the double-flowered, non-fruiting 'Flore Pleno', which has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

Uses
Bruised gorse was used in some areas for feeding to horses and other livestock.

Lectin extracted from seeds of this species binds to, is remarkably specific for, and is the standard method for identification of H substance (absent in the hh antigen system) on human red blood cells. The vast majority of humans express H substance, which is the basis for the ABO blood group system, but a few rare individuals ("Bombay phenotype") do not—and a chemical isolated from Ulex europaeus is used to identify these individuals. This lectin is also used as a marker for human vascular endothelial cells, and as a tool for their isolation for in-vitro culture.

Like other legumes, it fixes nitrogen into the soil.

title: Ulex europaeus


text:
Talk:Pangani District, Tanga

Hi,

I would like to know on which basis it is believed that Pangani is a settlement which goes back until the 6th century BC!

Thanks a lot, Nino

Nino: THere is no basis whatever for the claim, and I have deleted it. THe earliest known settlements anywhere on the East African coast date to well into the Common Era. THe author of the original claim may have believed the old speculation that Pangani is the site of the mythical town of "Rhapta", a claim for which there is no evidence (most scholars place Rhapta either far to the north or far to the south of Pangani). At any rate, Rhapta is mentioned in the Periplus, a source from the 2nd century CE. There is no evidence of its existence from as early as 600 BC.

I have also deleted the statement that Pangani is the "Zanzibar of the mainland" as extremely misleading: the two towns resemble each other very little. Perhaps the author of that statement meant to draw attention to Pangani's emerging beach resorts, but that raises an issue that runs throughout this article: confusion between Pangani Town and Pangani District.

title: Talk:Pangani District, Tanga


text:
Talk:K-Ci

Untitled
This article should be moved to K-Ci in keeping with Naming conventions (common names). --DropDeadGorgias (talk) 13:27, August 18, 2005 (UTC)

Relationship with Mary J.
No way was that just from 1992-1993...it was six years! Adding that it was "brief" to that statement doesn't make it true. Sourced below: Marysunshine 02:09, 22 June 2006 (UTC)

Rolling Stone: "Her music began to reflect the drama in her life more explicitly: for example, her tempestuous six-year relationship with K-Ci Hailey of Jodeci..."

What follows is from Mary's wiki page : The album was a breakthrough for Blige, who at this point was in a clinical depression, battling both drugs and alcohol – as well as being in an abusive relationship with K-Ci Hailey.[41][42]

What that abuse is i have no idea. I do think this should be on his page that she claims not only was their reltaionship abusive in nature but also that he, K-Ci, was involved in it.

There are a lot of articles that point the source of the abuse as being K-CI. I have not seen the DOCU that came out in early 2020's as it is behind a paywall so cant comment on that.EnveeNV (talk) 16:54, 17 March 2023 (UTC)

Children
Can anyone find a source online that says how many children Hailey has, and what there names are? The current article indicates he has two children -- Devin Hailey and Deven Cedric Renard. It seems unlikely he would have two children both named Devin/Deven but spelt differently, and I can't find a source for Deven. Zzaps (talk) 01:04, 1 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:K-Ci


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Seanus Pedrosa McGuinley IV

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. Redwolf24 02:08, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

Seanus Pedrosa McGuinley IV
not noteworthy, if not a prank. Google, yahoo, altavista - no hits whatsoever. Outlander 13:27, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, possibly speedily - it looks, walks, and quacks like a hoax. -Satori 15:27, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete It sounds like nonsense. Alf 22:45, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete hoax/unverified. -- Etacar11   23:27, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Carnoustie (disambiguation)

Carnoustie may refer to:

 * Carnoustie, a town and former royal burgh in Angus, Scotland
 * Carnoustie Golf Links, that town's golf links, which is one of the venues in the Open Championship rotation. It is officially known as Carnoustie Golf Links, but is more often referred to simply as "Carnoustie".

title: Carnoustie (disambiguation)


text:
Talk:Hofuf

old comment on Shias
It is amazing how quickly any mention of the Shias in this and other parts of Saudi Arabia is removed from here. Not only in Saudi Arabia, but also here in the cyber-space, the truth about the religious identity of the citizens are glossed over. Until 2003, the invasion of Iraq and the liberation of the Shia's there, no mention of the Shias could be made in or outside of the Saudi Arabia without serious ramifications to the person. Hufuf located in the Hasa/Ahsa district--one of the oldest centers of Shiism in the Arabian Peninsula, cannot be stated to have any Shias on the pages of Wiki without the statement being quickly removed and replaced with either blank or some abusive states about the Shias (the last time, the vandal who changed the information on Ethnography of the region, mentioned that there were some of the "ghulats" (apostates) still living in the area! One can only hope that the motto of "Live and let live" would some day make its debut in Saudi Arabia and the minds of the Wahhabi zealots. Deus Vult! IzadyIzady (talk) 17:18, 14 April 2009 (UTC)
 * I restored parts of your deleted edits. Please copyedit it according to WP:MOS. Alefbe (talk) 16:39, 21 April 2009 (UTC)

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AlHofuf is not also known as Al-Hasa
The intro: “Al-Hofuf (Arabic: ٱلْهُفُوف al-Hufūf, also spelled Hofuf or Hufuf, also known as "Al-Hasa", "Al-Ahsa" or "Al-Hassa")“

This is like saying “Manhattan, also known as New York City”, or “San Jose, also known as Silicon Valley”. It’s the largest city in Al-Hasa, it’s not synonymous with Al-Hasa. 159.0.79.217 (talk) 11:03, 28 May 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hofuf


text:
Mithridates II of Pontus

Mithridates II (Greek: Mιθριδάτης; lived 3rd century BC), third king of Pontus and son of Ariobarzanes, whom he succeeded on the throne.

Early life
He was a minor when his father died, but the date of his accession cannot be determined. It seems probable that it must have taken place well before 240 BC, as Memnon tells us that he was a child at his father's death, and he had a daughter of marriageable age in 222 BC. Shortly after his accession, his kingdom was invaded by the Gauls, who were eventually repulsed.

After Mithridates attained manhood, he married Laodice, a sister of Antiochus Hierax and Seleucus II Callinicus, with whom he is said to have received the province of Phrygia as a dowry.

Conflict with Seleucus II Callinicus
In 245 BCE Antiochus Hierax, supported by his mother Laodice I who held influence in Anatolia, demands the possession of Anatolia (Asia Minor) from his brother Seleucus II Callinicus and quickly declares his independence in order to expand his territory and his authority. Seleucus, struggling against the Ptolemaic forces in the south, has no choice but to tolerate.

Mithridates II fought with his mother-in-law and Hierax and their allies, against his other brother-in-law Seleucus during a war between Seleucus and Antiochus Hierax. Eventually, Mithridates defeated Seleucus in a great battle at Ancyra in 235 BC whereby Seleucus lost twenty thousand of his troops and narrowly escaped with his own life. Hierax died in 226 BCE.

Later Reign
In 222 BCE, Mithridates II gave his daughter Laodice in marriage to the Seleucid king Antiochus III. Another of his daughters, also named Laodice, was married about the same time to Achaeus, the cousin of Antiochus.

In 220 BC, Mithridates declared war upon the wealthy and powerful city of Sinope. However, he was unable to weaken it and the city did not come under the control of the kings of Pontus until 183 BC.

In 227 BC, Mithridates II vied with the other monarchs of Asia in sending magnificent presents to the Rhodians, after the destruction of their city by an earthquake.

Death
The date of his death is unknown. He was succeeded by Mithridates III, his son with Laodice.

title: Mithridates II of Pontus


text:
Talk:Yagoona, New South Wales

Page move
This page was moved from "Yagoona" to "Yagoona, New South Wales" as per the naming convention set out at Wikipedia:Naming conventions (places) -- Ianblair23 13:28, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

Overhaul
Ok I've done a huge overhaul to this article, new headings, more info, pics (i'll get another pic of Yagoona town centre when I can :-) ), referencing, etc. Comments greatly appreciated =)Hectic18 06:50, 19 April 2007 (UTC)

Cheers VS. This is the first article I've ever made significant contributions to, really appreciate the input and pointers VirtualSteve =)

External links modified
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External links modified
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External links modified
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Assessment comment
Substituted at 11:00, 30 April 2016 (UTC)

Nomination of Yagoona (disambiguation) for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Yagoona (disambiguation) is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Yagoona (disambiguation) until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Shhhnotsoloud (talk) 13:34, 13 January 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Yagoona, New South Wales


text:
Talk:Grundig

comment
Since 2004(?) one is able to buy Grundig-equipment again. I do not know what company is supplying the parts. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 130.89.6.142 (talk • contribs) 09:28, August 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Alba (electronics) and Beko are now building the kit, they bought all remaining assets and brand names of the company between them, and seem to be running it as one. --Kiand 13:38, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

"was"
I really, really don't like the "was" in the first paragraph, when we are dealing with an operative company. True, its now "Grundig Intermedia GmbH" and not "Grundig AG", but theres no way theres going to be enough reason for some time to come to seperate the articles. Moving the article to Grundig and treating the company as one sucessive entity (with the history explained, obviously), would be a way to not refer to what is still an existing company in past tense. --Kiand 21:33, 15 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree. This article has definitely evolved beyond the scope implied by Grundig AG. – Ringbang 01:37, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Grundigsw.jpg
Image:Grundigsw.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 07:42, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

Also Hungarian
May i mention that Grundig is also partly an Hungarian company, due to most of its products being manufactured there. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.192.246.56 (talk) 15:25, 21 February 2008 (UTC)

Press release
The last few paragraphs of this article seem to copied and pasted from a press release. They don't seem to fit the article in terms of tone, and the amount of space given to them relative to the length of the article seems excessive. Do others agree? --Fun with aluminum (talk) 06:18, 18 May 2008 (UTC)

 * The whole article is a mess to be honest. There's very little on the history of the company from the 50s to the 80s, which is the period most people consider the company to have been the 'real' Grundig. Grundig were a hugely important company in postwar European consumer electronics and the 'German economic miracle', and they deserve better than this. The 'Relevant products' section is pointless, since it is very partial and arbitrary and there are no links to info about the named products - in fact, it's just a list of 'Satellit' transistor radio models, which were a tiny part of Grundig's output and product range. Is there an official company history somewhere which can be used as the basis of an article rewrite, maybe only published in German?

 * I will delete the 'Relevant Products' section, which contained the following:
 * * Grundig satellit 205 (1964-1966)
 * * Grundig satellit 208 (1967-1968)
 * * Grundig satellit 210 (1969-1971)
 * * Grundig satellit 1000 (1972-1973)
 * * Grundig satellit 2000 (1973-1975)
 * * Grundig satellit 2100 (1976-1979)
 * * Grundig satellit 3000 digital (1977-1978)
 * * Grundig satellit 650 (1986-1991)
 * * Grundig satellit 700 (1992-1996)
 * * Grundig satellit 900 (1996)

 * There appears to be a lot of useful info on the German Wikipedia Grundig AG page but my German isn't up to translating it. --80.176.142.11 (talk) 21:19, 12 September 2009 (UTC)
 * My edit has been reverted almost immediately without explanation but with an accusation of vandalism. I have no interest in pointless edit wars so shall leave it to other editors to attempt to improve this article. At least I tried. --80.176.142.11 (talk) 21:45, 12 September 2009 (UTC)

 * I've undone the revert as what you did appears fine. Unfortunately removing material like that is a common flag for vandalism (of which there is a lot!) and it sometimes happens that good edits are reverted mistakenly. Quantpole (talk) 22:07, 12 September 2009 (UTC)

 * Thanks for that. While I appreciate the vandalism problem, I feel blanking edits should only be so flagged after the appropriate talk page has been checked by a human. I didn't appreciate the vandalism accusation on my talk page either. I am an experienced WP user and minor contributor - how might a newbie have reacted? --80.176.142.11 (talk) 22:12, 12 September 2009 (UTC)

Pronunciation
Do you pronounce the 'g' at the end of grundig. I am told that you do not. Have i be sounding like an idiot everytime i mention grundig in conversation? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 77.44.36.219 (talk) 10:31, 15 June 2008 (UTC)

 * Yes, the final G is pronounced. Somebody has been winding you up. --80.176.142.11 (talk) 21:19, 12 September 2009 (UTC)

 * It should not be pronounced like Grundy (as in Solomon Grundy / Born on a Monday), through the names may be etymologically related. Norvo (talk) 15:55, 22 February 2010 (UTC)

 * In German you could either pronounce it Grundik or Grundich (with the soft ch-sound somewhere between H and Sh), as both forms are acceptable and common for a final -g in any German word Ilyacadiz (talk) 17:03, 4 January 2016 (UTC)

 * It is "Grundig", with "g" at the end, not pronounced "ch". Max Grundig was from Bavaria, they do not pronounce "ch".

 * Actually, he was from Franconia, where they do pronounce "g" at the end of a word as "ch". --Kraligor (talk) 22:13, 5 October 2017 (UTC)

New Grundig Logo
Grundig have an updated slogan. It changed from "For a Good Reason" to "Where Home Is" - see their Google+ Page as reference. Can someone update the logo to the "Where Home Is" version below?:

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Grundig_Where_Home_Is_Logo.png

Whitecat0987 (talk) 07:41, 30 October 2017 (UTC)

Turkish?
Surely Grundig is still a German brand, even though it's owned by a Turkish company, right? Rolls Royce isn't considered German just because it's owned by BMW. I'll edit this as I don't expect it to be contested. 185.74.25.174 (talk) 10:09, 17 August 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Grundig


text:
Me and Juliet

Me and Juliet is a musical with music by Richard Rodgers, and lyrics and book by Oscar Hammerstein II. The sixth stage collaboration by Rodgers & Hammerstein, it tells a story of romance backstage at a long-running musical: assistant stage manager Larry woos chorus girl Jeanie behind the back of her electrician boyfriend, Bob. Me and Juliet premiered in 1953 and was considered a modest success — it ran for much of a year on Broadway and had a limited run in Chicago (altogether nearly 500 performances), and returned a small profit to its backers.

Rodgers had long wanted to write a musical comedy about the cast and crew backstage at a theatre. After Rodgers and Hammerstein had another hit with The King and I in 1951, Rodgers proposed the backstage project to his partner. Hammerstein was unenthusiastic, thinking the subject matter trivial, but agreed to do the project. The play required complex machinery, designed by Jo Mielziner, so that the audience could view action not only on the stage of the theatre where the show-within-the-show (also named Me and Juliet) takes place, but in the wings and on the light bridge (high above the stage, from which the lighting technicians train spotlights) as well.

When Me and Juliet began tryout performances in Cleveland, the duo realized the show had problems with plot and staging. Extensive revisions during the remaining Cleveland and Boston tryouts failed to fix the difficulties with the plot, which the critics considered weak and uninteresting. The show was met with poor reviews, though Mielziner's staging won praise from audience and critics. The show closed once it had exhausted its advance sales. Bill Hayes, the show's star, states in his autobiography Like Sands Through the Hourglass (2005): "We played nearly five hundred performances, all to full houses. Production costs were paid off and substantial profits went into the R&H till. So, though not in the same category as the storied five that were made into films - Oklahoma!, Carousel, South Pacific, The King and I and The Sound of Music - our show must be considered a success". With the exception of a short run in Chicago, there was no national tour, and the show has seldom been seen. A small-scale production was presented by London's Finborough Theatre in 2010.

Inception

The origins of Me and Juliet can be traced to the early days of the relationship between Rodgers and Hammerstein. The musical Oklahoma! opened in 1943; it was Rodgers and Hammerstein's first work together and a massive hit. Soon after Oklahoma! opened, Rodgers began considering the idea of a musical set backstage at a theatre staging a musical. The production could explore different areas of the backstage world. Rodgers also saw it as the opportunity to write a pure musical comedy, without the serious themes which had marked their early works—such as the attacks on racism in South Pacific, and the cultural tolerance in The King and I.

Hammerstein was initially unenthusiastic, thinking the subject matter trivial, but Rodgers pressed the matter. It was Hammerstein's turn to give in to his partner; Rodgers had agreed to the project that became the 1947 musical Allegro, their initial failure, under pressure from Hammerstein, who had long dreamed of doing a serious musical about an ordinary man. According to Stephen Sondheim, a protégé of Hammerstein, "Oscar was able to keep the partnership together by taking Dick's suggestion [for a backstage musical], which he did not want to take." As the two discussed the backstage idea, Hammerstein became more enthusiastic, suggesting that the show start with the stage entirely bare, as if the audience had come in not at performance time but at another time during the day. Such effects are today well known following the success of other "backstagers" such as A Chorus Line; in the early 1950s they were unrealized and novel.

The two discussed the matter at a meeting in early 1952 in Palm Beach, Florida, where Rodgers was vacationing as he worked on melodic sketches for the television documentary Victory at Sea. Rodgers suggested dispensing with the overture, reserving that for the overture of the show-within-the-show. Following another meeting in mid-1952, they called in long-time Rodgers and Hammerstein stage designer Jo Mielziner and hired him to design the sets. Mielziner confirmed that a scene could be played part onstage and part in the backstage world, but that this would be expensive. In August 1952, Hammerstein began a sketch of the plot; by early October he had a near-complete first draft. As the show was to be musical comedy, the pair hired one of the top musical comedy directors, George Abbott, who accepted the position without reading the script. He regretted the haste of this decision as soon as he read the script, finding it sentimental and melodramatic. He confided his concerns to the pair; in response, Hammerstein told him to make whatever changes in the script he thought best. With Hammerstein's permission, Abbott made major changes to the plot.

Hammerstein had only briefly described the show-within-the-show. Fearing the show would be uninteresting, Abbott hoped that some highlights would be furnished when the show-within-the-show, as yet only briefly described by Hammerstein, was fleshed out. According to author and composer Ethan Mordden in his book about the duo's works, Hammerstein thought the show-within-the-show was to be:

"something bizarre, to stand out and amaze us, the better to set off the plain life of the actor ... We shall imagine some rather advanced musical of the near future, something beyond even Allegro, with archetypical characters—a simple hero and his lovable Juliet, the rapacious Don Juan and his volatile Carmen. Then the audience will always know where it is. Contrast is the key. The show-within must look and sound, at every moment, as far from real life as possible."

Hammerstein included an incident he had seen when he was a neophyte assistant stage manager: a chorus boy came up to a chorus girl and asked to use some of her mascara—to disguise a hole in the boy's black socks. Hammerstein stated, "we were religious in keeping away from the trite things—the kindly old stage door man named Pop, the pretty little understudy who replaces the star on opening night. We steered clear, too, of the backstage story of a company putting on a new show, with all the anxieties of the actors and producers ... It seemed right to focus on a show which is already running because we wanted to tell a story about a community, the backstage community, and this community becomes settled and established after a show opens."

In addition to Abbott, the duo recruited other professionals experienced in musical comedy. Choreographer Robert Alton had worked in such hits as Panama Hattie and in movie musicals. Don Walker was hired to do the orchestrations; his would be simpler than those of Robert Russell Bennett, who usually performed that function in the pair's musicals but who was not available. Irene Sharaff was engaged to design the more than 300 costumes which would be needed. The show was originally named Hercules and Juliet, but they soon changed it to Me and Juliet. The Majestic Theatre, which Rodgers and Hammerstein desired to have for Me and Juliet, was currently occupied by their South Pacific, four years into its run. Arrangements were made to shift South Pacific to the Broadway Theatre though, due to schedule conflicts, this meant moving that show to Boston for five weeks.

Plot

 * For theatrical terminology, see Stage (theatre).

The entire action of the show takes place in and close to a Broadway theatre in which the long-running musical Me and Juliet (the "show-within-the-show") is playing. The setting is the early 1950s.

Act 1
A half-hour remains before the show is to begin. Electrician Sidney and chorus girl Jeanie are irritated at Sidney's fellow electrician, Bob, for not being there. Sidney needs Bob's help; Jeanie, Bob's girlfriend, is annoyed at being stood up. Sidney warns Jeanie that Bob may not be the right man for her; these are doubts she has too (Musical numbers: "A Very Special Day"/"That's the Way it Happens").

Jeanie leaves, and Bob appears. Bob tells Sidney he likes dating Jeanie, but does not plan to marry her. When Sidney jokes that Jeanie can do better than Bob, the larger man momentarily chokes him. Jeanie sees this, adding to her doubts about Bob. Larry, the assistant stage manager, is also attracted to Jeanie (reprise of "That's the Way it Happens").

Stage manager Mac sees to the final preparations, and the overture to the internal show is played by the orchestra, led by Dario, the conductor ("Overture to Me and Juliet"). The internal show's curtain rises ("Marriage Type Love"): the main male character, "Me" (performed by Charlie, a singer), tells the audience about the girl he wants to marry, Juliet (Lily, a singer). He also tells the audience of the girl he is determined not to marry, Carmen, who scares him. "Me" feels Carmen (the lead female dancing role) is better suited to his boss, Don Juan (the lead male dancer). As the internal show continues, Bob and Sidney are on the light bridge. Bob identifies with Don Juan for his reluctance to marry ("Keep It Gay").

Another day at Me and Juliet, and the dancers are rehearsing under Mac's supervision (conclusion of "Keep It Gay"). At Larry's urging, Jeanie decides to audition for the position of second understudy for the role of Juliet. On learning this, Mac takes Larry aside and warns him never to get involved with a cast member of a show while in charge of it. No sooner has Mac said this than his girlfriend Betty (currently in the show across the street) auditions for the role of Carmen. The producer gives her the role. As Larry looks on with amusement, Mac accepts this professionally, then stamps off in disgust.

Jeanie practices for her own audition ("No Other Love"), and Larry tells her that the audience will accept her if she's "a real kid" like Juliet, but reject her if she's a "phony" ("The Big Black Giant"). Larry desires a romance with Jeannie, but fears the larger and stronger Bob.

Several months pass, during which Jeanie gets the job as second understudy. Larry and Jeanie are meeting secretly and keeping their budding romance from Bob. The rest of the cast is aware of their dates—one dancer spotted them in a chili restaurant on Eighth Avenue.

Mac, true to his principles, has dumped Betty, but the two are still attracted to each other. Betty enjoys acting ("It's Me"). As she performs in the internal show, Bob and Sidney are on the light bridge again.

Bob has been fooled by Jeanie's lies about why they are not going out, and is enlightened when Sidney lets slip that Larry and Jeanie are seeing each other. Bob demands proof, and Sidney tells Bob to watch what happens in the wings during the upcoming Act 1 finale to Me and Juliet. Bob sees Larry and Jeanie kiss after she comes offstage with a tray of flowers, an action caught by Bob's spotlight. Mac enters, grasps the situation, sends Larry away, then puts the tray back in Jeanie's hands and pushes her onstage. She is pursued by Bob's spotlight, which relentlessly follows her around the stage as more and more of the dancers become aware something has gone badly wrong. Bob drops a sandbag from the light bridge; it knocks the tray Jeanie is holding to the ground. Mac orders the curtain lowered in front of a stage in panic.

Act 2
In the downstairs lounge, a few minutes before the Act 2 curtain for Me and Juliet rises, the ushers comment on the remarkable conclusion to Act 1—although the audience has noticed nothing unusual ("Intermission Talk"). As Act 2 of the internal show starts, an enraged Bob is searching the theatre for Jeannie and Larry. Unable to find them, he takes up position at a bar across the street where he can watch the theatre doors ("It Feels Good"). The perspective shifts to the onstage action in Me and Juliet, where Don Juan and Carmen are on a date ("We Deserve Each Other"), before moving to the manager's office where Larry and Jeanie are hiding out ("I'm Your Girl"). Mac has only just begun his lecture to them when Bob enters through the window, having heard familiar voices. In the ensuing fight, Bob knocks out Mac, but when the electrician grabs for Jeannie, Larry strongly defends her. The fight ends when Bob accidentally hits his head on a radiator and is knocked out as well.

Ruby, the company manager, sends Larry and Jeannie down to the stage to continue the play. After Bob and Mac recover, Ruby informs Bob that Larry and Jeanie had secretly married earlier that day, and the surprised electrician leaves. Mac, fearful of more mayhem, goes in search of him. As Mac exits, the phone rings, and Ruby takes the call. It is the producer, calling for Mac to transfer him to another show, thereby setting him free to resume his romance with Betty.

Onstage, Me and Juliet is concluding. After the internal show finishes ("Finale to Me and Juliet"), Larry, who will be the new stage manager, insists on rehearsing a scene from the show. Seeing Bob enter with a scowl, Larry orders him and Sidney to be present the next morning to re-angle the lights. Taken aback, and rather sheepishly, Bob says "I didn't know you were married" before quietly leaving, after stating, "I'll be here, I guess." Jeanie is congratulated by her showmates, but Larry, all business, waves them to their places to rehearse the scene. As Lily has had to leave, Jeanie stands in for her as Juliet, while Larry sings the part of Me in the scene, as the curtain falls ("Finale of Our Play").

Rehearsals and tryouts
The cast consisted mostly of unknowns, though Isabel Bigley, who had just originated Sister Sarah Brown in Guys and Dolls, was given the leading role of chorus girl Jeanie. For Larry, the assistant stage manager who falls in love with Jeanie, they cast Bill Hayes, a well-known stage and television actor. William Tabbert, the original Lt. Joe Cable in South Pacific was considered for the part of Larry, but lost out because he was thought to be too tall to be afraid of Mark Dawson, hired as the towering bully Bob.

Chorus auditions began March 10, 1953 at Broadway's Majestic Theatre; Rodgers, Hammerstein, and Abbott listened to more than 1,000 people. Rehearsals opened at the Majestic for principals and the Alvin Theatre for dancers. According to Saul Pett, a freelance reporter who was allowed to observe the show's rehearsals, "everyone seems relaxed except Hammerstein." The lyricist's son James served as second assistant stage manager. James Hammerstein remembered having a difficult relationship with Rodgers; the composer suggested James do his work from front of house, rather than from backstage. "I think he thought it was his show and his bailiwick. Why should a Hammerstein be back there?" James Hammerstein found the lead female dancer attractive, and asked her out. Just before the date, Rodgers fired her, telling James Hammerstein to break the news.

Pett recorded the technical problems which had to be solved to accomplish the complex staging:

"A number of key scenes required the audience to both see the play-within-the-play and at the same time observe the realism of the stage manager's operations in the wings. To achieve this result and to make both elements simultaneous, the major part of the production had to hang on specially-constructed overhead steel tracks. Synchronized electric motors slowly moved the stage pictures off into the wings far enough to expose the stage manager's desk and actors and stagehands offstage awaiting their cues."

During the rehearsals, the duo took out two production numbers, "Wake Up, Little Theatre" and "Dance", concerned that the show was running long. The actress playing Juliet in the internal play proved to be a fine singer but a poor actress; she was replaced by Helena Scott. Abbott had few negative comments after the final New York run-through, and the company entrained for Cleveland, site of the first tryouts, in high spirits, sleeping little on the train ride. RCA Records put up the $350,000 cost of the production in exchange for a fifty-percent interest and rights to the original cast recording.

The tryouts in Cleveland were at the Hanna Theatre. The dress rehearsal the night before the initial performance revealed a number of problems with the show; during the first act alone, Hammerstein dictated eight pages of notes. The sandbag which falls from the light bridge near the end of Act 1 dropped off-cue, nearly striking Isabel Bigley, who played Jeanie. Pett remembered that the rehearsal was stopped often, as Rodgers sought to work out each problem as it arose, and the rehearsal, which began at 8 p.m. lasted until 2 a.m.

The Cleveland premiere on the evening of April 20, 1953 saw a distinguished crowd turn out. When the stage backdrop failed to come down on time, Hammerstein was heard to mutter, "Damn and damn and damn! This is a new way: they saved it for the performance!" Nevertheless, the crowd gave the show a rousing welcome. The Cleveland critics thought well of the show, but were concerned about the weak story. After the Cleveland reactions and problems, according to Rodgers biographer Meryle Secrest, "what had seemed to be a show needing minor adjustments became a musical in serious trouble". Bigley remembered that she had just come from a hit and "there just wasn't the same energy". Hammerstein had intended to omit the overture, with the audience to watch, after the curtain rose, a blank stage on which the play-within-the-play performers and crew drifted in and began their preparations. Expecting the orchestra to begin the evening, the audience talked throughout the initial scenes before being quieted by the internal show's overture; in response, the duo abandoned Hammerstein's concept and opened with an overture.

In contrast to the levity on their first train ride, the company was downcast and exhausted en route from Cleveland to Boston for the final tryouts. The show opened previews in Boston on May 6. A majority of the Boston critics liked the show, and expressed confidence that Rodgers and Hammerstein could fix the problems with the plot. The pair took out one song, "Meat and Potatoes", which was felt to be too raunchy. After watching it performed by Joan McCracken, who played Betty (Carmen in the play-within-the-play), the pair decided it had too many double entendres and cut it. It was replaced by "We Deserve Each Other", which the pair had written in a Cleveland hotel room. Another cut song, "You Never Had It So Good", included lyrics which satirized the duo's own earlier efforts. Its lyrics, "I'll sew, I'll bake / I'll try to make your evenings all enchanted. / My honeycake, / I'm yours to take, but don't take me for granted", alluded to two songs from South Pacific, "Some Enchanted Evening" and "Honey Bun". Audiences continued to greet the show warmly.

During the Boston previews, the duo heard the audience praise the sets, a reaction which usually augured ill for the show itself. Hammerstein wrote to The King and I director John van Druten:

"Me and Juliet looks like a great big hit. It is a change of pace for us and in some quarters we may be criticized because it is not as high-falutin' as our most recent efforts. It is in fact an out and out musical comedy. If this be treason, make the most of it."

Production

The musical opened on Broadway on May 28, 1953, at the Majestic Theatre. Large advance sales guaranteed a considerable run; by the start of November, it had paid back its advance, and closed after 358 performances, paying a small profit to RCA. Thomas Hischak, in his The Rodgers and Hammerstein Encyclopedia, suggests that business fell off after the advance sales were exhausted "because audiences had come to expect more from a Rodgers and Hammerstein musical". According to Frederick W. Nolan in his book about the duo's works, "despite a $500,000 advance sale, despite a ten-month run (which, for anyone except Rodgers and Hammerstein, would have represented a major success), and despite an eventual profit in excess of $100,000, Me and Juliet has to be classed as a failure".

The backstage drama portrayed in the musical was matched by actual difficulties among the cast. McCracken, who played Betty, was the wife of choreographer Bob Fosse and became pregnant during the run. Bill Hayes later wrote that she lost her baby through miscarriage about the same time she lost her husband to Gwen Verdon. The baby was in fact aborted, because the pregnancy would have endangered McCracken's health as a result of her diabetes. Hayes noted that in the fifteen months he played Larry, he did not recall ever having a conversation with Isabel Bigley, who was supposedly his love interest and wife: "I doubt that the audience ever believed we were deeply in love." The show received no Tony Award nominations. During the run, Hammerstein followed his usual practice of visiting the theatre now and again to ensure that the performers were not taking liberties with his book. Upon his return, Hammerstein's secretary asked him how the show was going. The lyricist thought for a second, then said "I hate that show." According to Bill Hayes in his autobiography Like Sands Through the Hourglass (2005), ''We played nearly five hundred performances, however, all to full houses. Production costs were paid off and substantial profits went into the R&H till. So, though not in the same category as the storied five that were made into films - Oklahoma!, Carousel, South Pacific, The King and I and The Sound of Music - our show must be considered a success.''

No national tour was attempted, but the show did have a six-week run at the Shubert Theatre in Chicago in spring 1954. Rodgers & Hammerstein, with their spouses, attended the opening night performance. Among those who played in the chorus during the New York run was future star Shirley MacLaine; Shirley Jones was a chorus girl in the Chicago performances, and she at least once substituted for an indisposed Isabel Bigby, "downed with a virus." Subsequent productions include one by Kansas City's Starlight Theatre in 1955. Equity Library Theatre produced it in New York in 1970; it returned to that city, though not to Broadway, in 2002 with the York Theatre. A London production was presented by the Finborough Theatre in 2010 in a fifty-seat theatre; the production was billed as the show's European premiere.

Musical numbers
Act 1
 * "A Very Special Day" – Jeanie and trio
 * "That's the Way It Happens" – Jeanie and trio
 * "That's the Way It Happens" (Reprise) – Larry
 * "Dance Impromptu" – Chorus, George, and trio
 * "Overture to Me and Juliet" – Dario and orchestra
 * "Opening of Me and Juliet" – Lily, Jim, Susie, and Charlie
 * "Marriage Type Love" – Charlie, Lily, and singers
 * "Keep It Gay" – Bob, Jim, and chorus
 * "Keep it Gay" (Reprise) – Betty and Buzz
 * "The Big Black Giant" – Larry
 * "No Other Love" – Jeanie and Larry
 * "Dance" – Ralph, Francine, and Elizabeth
 * "The Big Black Giant" (Reprise) – Ruby
 * "It's Me" – Betty and Jeanie
 * "First Act Finale" – Lily, Betty, Charlie, Jim, Jeanie, and chorus

Act 2
 * "Intermission Talk" – Herbie and chorus
 * "It Feels Good" – Bob
 * "We Deserve Each Other" [Sequence in Second Act of Me and Juliet] – Betty, Jim, and dancers
 * "I'm Your Girl" – Jeanie and Larry
 * "Second Act Finale" – Charlie, Lily, Betty, Jim, and chorus
 * "Finale" – Company

Musical treatment and recording
One source of Rodgers's excitement for the concept that became Me and Juliet was his view that a contemporary musical gave him the opportunity for a contemporary score. At the time Rodgers wrote the score, a Latin dance craze had swept the United States, and its influence found its way into the music for Me and Juliet. Rodgers put an onstage jazz trio in the production and encouraged the members to improvise. Among the trio was jazz artist Barbara Carroll as Chris, rehearsal pianist. "Intermission Talk", the chatter among audience members early in the second act, is given a bouncy melody and sly references to a number of shows then on Broadway—including the duo's own The King and I. According to author and composer Ethan Mordden, Rodgers's score "found [Rodgers & Hammerstein] going for impish, nimble, the sound of the Hit Parade as reimagined by [them]".

Rodgers borrowed the music for "No Other Love," a tango, from his award-winning score for Victory at Sea. RCA, which had those rights, arranged for Perry Como to record the song, and it was rushed onto the market to coincide with the show's Broadway opening. The record became a number-one hit for Como on the Disc Jockey chart, though #2 as a best seller, remaining on the charts for 22 weeks.

Hischak described the original cast album as "surprisingly lively and mostly enjoyable for a musical that was considered so dull on stage." He pointed to "Intermission Talk" as a number which probably works better in a recording than on stage and states that "there is no mistaking the hypnotic power of 'No Other Love'". The original cast recording was released on compact disc in 1993.

Critical reception and assessment
The musical received neutral-to-unfavorable reviews from critics. The New York Times critic Brooks Atkinson praised the acting and choreography, but stated, "This is their Valentine to show business, expressed in the form of a show-within-a-show; and it has just about everything except an intelligible story." Herald-Tribune critic Walter Kerr noted that "Rodgers and Hammerstein have come perilously close to writing a show-without-a-show." George Jean Nathan of the Journal American stated that "Hammerstein's book has the effect of hanging idly around waiting for an idea to come to him." Robert Coleman of the Daily Mirror noted, "Having set new high standards for musicals throughout the world, Rodgers and Hammerstein dipped into the lower drawer of their desk for Me and Juliet. It proved a big disappointment for this dyed-in-the-wool R. & H. fan." John Chapman of the Daily News commented, "It is at its most interesting when Jo Mielziner's sets are in motion". According to Steven Suskin in his compilation of Broadway opening night reviews, the seven major New York critics allotted the production no raves, one favorable review, one mixed, four unfavorable, and one pan.

One well-received number was "Keep It Gay", a song which in rehearsal had been assigned to several different performers before ending with Bob. The song was liked in part due to the novelty of its setting: it begins with Bob singing from the light bridge high above the stage; following a blackout the internal play performers take it up on the stage below, and following another blackout, the performers are seen in their workout clothes, at a rehearsal some weeks later. Hammerstein gave credit for the scene to Mielziner, and suggested that it demonstrated one way in which the book had affected the music.

Abbott stated that there were two reasons for what he considered to be the show's failure. The first was Rodgers and Hammerstein's overconfidence; they thought of themselves as Broadway's "Golden Boys" who could do no wrong. The other was the play-within-the-play, which had not been thoroughly thought out by anyone. According to Abbott, Hammerstein remained "positively Sphinx-like" on the subject. At a loss to understand the characters of the play-within-the play, Alton came up with nothing more than routine song-and-dance numbers. During the run, the duo approached choreographer Jerome Robbins and asked him if he could fix the dances. Robbins said that he could, but he would not, as "it would kill Bob Alton". According to Hammerstein biographer Hugh Fordin, " [the] intended contrast between onstage and backstage life was never achieved because the onstage show was so tepid and confusing."

"That's the Way it Happens" was included in the 1996 stage version of Rodgers and Hammerstein's 1945 movie musical, State Fair. According to David Lewis in his history of the Broadway musical, "The Rodgers and Hammerstein office has, it would appear, given up on [later R&H musical] Pipe Dream and [  Me and  ] Juliet ever finding an audience ... so these songs are up for grabs."

Composer and author Ethan Mordden, in his book on the duo's works, wrote of the conceptual difficulties which Rodgers and Hammerstein had with the musical:

"[Me and Juliet] was the first of their plays without a powerful sense of destiny, of characters consequentially interconnected. In Oklahoma!, Carousel, South Pacific and The King and I especially, the principals—whether noble or weak, just or impetuous—change each other's lives. Me and Juliet's characters appear to be thrown together by chance and—except for the lovers—will part company unaffected by each other as soon as the show closes. This left Hammerstein with nothing to seek out in his people, and Rodgers with nothing to illustrate."

Characters and opening night cast
Principal characters:

 * Jeanie, chorus singer — Isabel Bigley
 * Bob, electrician — Mark Dawson
 * Larry, assistant stage manager — Bill Hayes
 * Mac, stage manager — Ray Walston
 * Dario, conductor — George S. Irving
 * Sidney, electrician — Edwin Phillips
 * Herbie, candy counter boy — Jackie Kelk
 * Ruby, company manager — Joe Lautner
 * Buzz, principal dancer — Buzz Miller

Characters in "Me and Juliet" (play-within-the-play):

 * Charlie (Me), featured lead — Arthur Maxwell
 * Lily (Juliet), singing principal — Helena Scott
 * Jim (Don Juan), principal dancer — Robert Fortier
 * Susie (Carmen), principal dancer — Svetlana McLee
 * Betty, successor to Susie as principal dancer — Joan McCracken

title: Me and Juliet


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The history of junk gathering

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. Redwolf24 02:09, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

The history of junk gathering
Pretty close to patent nonsense, centers around a neologism dicdef...I don't think there is any way to salvage this article -- Ferkelparade π 13:28, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete . Tempted to say BJAODN. Oh, what the hell. BJAODN because this is quampha. -- BD2412 talk 13:55, August 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per Ferkelparade. Though I wouldn't oppose the BJAODN. --Lomedae 14:33, August 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Original research if not a joke. (It did at least make me smile) Alf 22:50, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Ossett Albion A.F.C.

Ossett Albion Association Football Club was an English football club. They played at Queen's Terrace in Ossett, in West Yorkshire, more commonly known as Dimplewells, the area of Ossett the ground is situated in.

History
The club was formed in 1944 as a junior club, eventually they became a senior club and played in the West Riding County Amateur League and the West Yorkshire League, winning numerous honours before joining the Yorkshire League in 1957.

Albion won promotion from Division 2 in 1959 and were runner up to League champions Farsley Celtic in 1960. Albion were runners up again in 1962 to champions Stocksbridge Works. Albion continued to get regular top 4 places for several years afterwards but in 1972 they were relegated to Division 2. Albion won promotion in 1974 and finally won the Yorkshire League title in 1975. However, Albion went down again in 1978, but bounced back as Division 2 champions in 1979. Albion suffered yet another relegation in 1980, but again won the Division 2 title in 1981.

In 1982, the Yorkshire League joined up with the Midland League to form the Northern Counties East Football League. Ossett Albion were placed in Division 1 East, league re-organisations moved them into Division 1 Central in 1984 and Division 1 in 1985. Albion were Division 1 champions in 1987 and were promoted to the Premier Division. They finished bottom the first two seasons, but avoided relegation and eventually they began to climb the table. Albion, with Gerry Quinn as manager, were League champions in 1999, but were denied promotion to the Northern Premier League Division One due to one of their changing rooms not being big enough. In 2001, with Eric Gilchrist in charge, Albion finished 2nd to Brigg Town but were promoted to the Northern Premier League Division One instead of Brigg.

Ossett Albion finished bottom of the division in 2002 and they were relegated back to the Northern Counties East League but in 2004 Albion were champions again on a dramatic final day of the season, they pipped Eastwood Town to the Northern Counties East Premier Division title by virtue of scoring the more goals with the two clubs locked on the same number of points and also with the same goal difference, returning to the Northern Premier Division One.

2016–17 was Albion's 13th in the Northern Premier League Division One and their fortunes in recent campaigns fluctuated considerably. Twice the club finished just outside the play-off positions, they also had a few seasons struggling against relegation and in 2013–14 only a late reprieve rescued their status at this level.

Albion first entered the FA Cup in 1962–63, winning their first game 5–1 at Selby Town. They have reached the 4th Qualifying Round on three occasions, in 1965–66 they defeated Bridlington Town, Harrogate Town and Bridlington Trinity before losing 3–0 to South Liverpool away. In 2003–04, Albion beat Alnwick Town, Alsager Town, Ossett Town, Pickering Town and Newcastle Town before losing 1–0 at home to Stalybridge Celtic. In 2012–13, Albion beat Hebburn Town, Farsley, North Ferriby United, and Hinckley United before losing 4–1 away to Bradford Park Avenue.

In the FA Trophy, Albion have reached the 1st round twice, in 2002 and 2005.

In the FA Vase, Albion reached the 4th round in 1982, 1995, and 2000.

Albion first entered the FA Amateur Cup in 1952, beating Hull Old Grammarians 2–0. Their best performances, to get to the 1st round proper, were in 1962 (losing to Crook 1–0), 1968 (losing to North Shields 3–0) and 1973 (losing to Oldbury United 1–0). Albion's biggest win was 10–2 over Reckitts and Sons. Albion's last game in the Amateur Cup was a 3–1 defeat at North Ferriby United. The FA Amateur Cup was discontinued in 1974 and replaced by the FA Vase.

Albion have won the West Riding County Cup in 1965, 1966, 1968, and 1999, the Yorkshire League Cup in 1976 and 1977 and the Northern Counties East Football League Cup in 1984, beating Ilkeston 2–1, and 2003, beating Sheffield 3–0.

Albion's all-time record appearances holder is Peter Eaton, who made over 800 appearances during the 1970s and 1980s. Albion's record goalscorer is John Balmer, who hit over 40 goals in consecutive seasons during Jimmy Martin's reign in the early 1990s.

A number of former Ossett Albion players progressed into the Football League including Ian Ironside who went to Middlesbrough, Gary Brook who joined Newport County in 1987, Chris Cornelly who joined Lincoln City, Steve Downes who joined Grimbsy Town, Barry Holmes who went to Halifax Town, Shane Killock who joined Huddersfield Town, and Dave Syers, who began his career with Ossett Albion, turned professional two seasons later with Bradford City. Players who represented Ossett Albion after their professional careers ended include ex-Cambridge United striker Micky Norbury, John Balmer who also played for Cambridge United, Fulham midfielder Robert Wilson, former Swansea City player Paul Raynor, and former Huddersfield Town defender Rob Edwards.

Current Albion defender, Dominic Riordan, was appointed chairman on 25 June 2014.

Ex-Everton and England U18 youth player George Green signed for Ossett Albion in November 2015 after voluntarily terminating his contract at Oldham Athletic. He made 4 league appearances for the club before signing for Championship team Burnley in January 2016.

In September 2017, the founders and directors of Unita, a local based facilities management company, took the reins at Ossett Albion in a move which sees the club inherit a ready-made football academy with 150 players currently enrolled. This saw Huddersfield Town's former head of youth development Dave Haley take over as first team manager and Andy Welsh former Sunderland midfielder become head coach. Phil Smith (ex Sheffield Wednesday Academy coach) will provide support and oversee the running of the academy.

In 2018, it was announced that Ossett Albion and Ossett Town would merge to form Ossett United.

Honours

 * Yorkshire League Division One
 * Champions: 1974–75
 * Yorkshire League Division Two
 * Champions: 1978–79, 1980–81
 * Promoted: 1958–59, 1973–74
 * Yorkshire League Cup
 * Champions: 1975–76, 1976–77
 * Runners-Up: 1960–61, 1962–63
 * Northern Counties East Football League Premier Division
 * Champions: 1998–99, 2003–04
 * Promoted: 2000–01
 * Northern Counties East Football League Division One
 * Champions: 1986–87
 * Northern Counties East Football League Cup
 * Champions: 1983–4, 2002–03
 * Runners-Up: 1995–96
 * West Riding County Cup
 * Champions: 1965, 1966, 1968, 1999. (twice more, and 17 years more recently than Ossett Town A.F.C.)

Records

 * Best league position: Sixth in the Northern Premier League Division One North, 2007–08, 2008–09
 * Best FA Cup performance: Fourth Qualifying Round, 1965–66, 2003–04, 2012–13
 * Best FA Trophy performance: First round, 2001–02, 2004–05
 * Best FA Vase performance: Fourth Round, 1981–82, 1994–95, 1999–00
 * Record attendance: 1,200 vs Leeds United, friendly, 1986

title: Ossett Albion A.F.C.


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Rorschach (band)

Rorschach is an American hardcore punk band from New Jersey that existed from 1989 to 1993 and again from 2009 to 2012. Their typical blend of hardcore with dissonant metal elements provided an inspiration to many later metalcore and post-hardcore bands.

The first release by the band, Remain Sedate, shows the band's sound at a stage when they played fast, heavy hardcore with a metal slant and raspy hardcore vocals. At this time they also drew heavy comparisons to Die Kreuzen for their bizarre chord progressions and Charles Maggio's unearthly howl. However, as the band progressed, they developed a slower, more sinister, sludge sound that was influenced by New York band Swans. Additionally, the vocals developed into high-pitched, tortured screaming rather than shouting, due in part to voice problems Maggio was experiencing at the time. This change in sound can be heard primarily on their second full-length release, Protestant. Shortly after issuing this album, the group disbanded, some members eventually joining Deadguy and Kiss It Goodbye.

Rorschach has performed occasional reunion shows from 2009 through 2012.

Decibel magazine inducted Protestant into their Hall of Fame.

In the 2012 film Zero Dark Thirty, the Rorschach song "Pavlov's Dogs" is used to torture suspected terrorists.

Members

 * Final line-up
 * Charles Maggio – vocals (1989–1993, 2009–2012)
 * Keith Huckins – guitar (1989–1993, 2009–2012)
 * Nick Forté – guitar (1989–1993, 2009–2012)
 * Andrew Gormley – drums (1989–1993, 2009–2012)
 * Tom Rusnak – bass (1991–1993, 2009–2012)

 * Previous members
 * Chris Laucella – bass (1989–1991)

Compilation appearances

 * God's Chosen People (1993, Old Glory)
 * Fear of Smell 12" (1993, Vermiform)
 * Look At All The Children Now (1990, Evacuate)
 * Forever 7" (1990)

Related bands

 * Computer Cougar - Charles Maggio, Nick Forte
 * Deadguy - Keith Huckins
 * Die 116 - Andrew Gormley
 * Kiss It Goodbye - Andrew Gormley, Keith Huckins, Thom Rusnak
 * Playing Enemy - Andrew Gormley, Thom Rusnak
 * Shai Hulud - Andrew Gormley
 * Radio To Saturn - Nick Forte
 * Bone of Contention - Keith Huckins, Charles Maggio

title: Rorschach (band)


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Szentgotthárd

Szentgotthárd (Monošter; St. Gotthard) is the westernmost town of Hungary. It is situated on the Rába River near the Austrian border.

History
The town took its name from, and grew up round, the Cistercian Szentgotthárd Abbey, founded here in 1183.

In 1664, it was the site of the Battle of Saint Gotthard, where an Austrian army led by Raimondo Montecuccoli defeated the Ottoman Empire so that the Turks had to agree to the Peace of Vasvár, which held until 1683.

A second Battle of Saint Gotthard in 1705 was a victory for Rákóczi's anti-Habsburg Hungarian rebels.

During World War II, Szentgotthárd was captured by Soviet troops of the 3rd Ukrainian Front on 31 March 1945 in the course of the Vienna Offensive.

The town is also considered as a centre of Rába Slovenes, the slovenians living in the Rába region.

Climate
Pápa's climate is classified as oceanic climate (Köppen Cfb). The annual average temperature is 10.0 C, the hottest month in July is 20.0 C, and the coldest month is -0.4 C in January. The annual precipitation is 763.4 mm, of which July is the wettest with 94.2 mm, while January is the driest with only 26.3 mm. The extreme temperature throughout the year ranged from -18.5 C on January 24, 2006 to 39.1 C on August 8, 2013.

Notable people

 * Ferenc Joachim (1882–1964), painter
 * Alajos Drávecz (1866–1915), Slovenian ethnologist and writer
 * Ágoston Pável (1886–1946), Hungarian Slovene writer and poet, graduated here
 * János Brenner (1931–1957), Roman Catholic priest, died here
 * Irén Pavlics (1934–2022), Hungarian Slovene author and editor
 * Tibor Gécsek (born 1964), hammer thrower
 * Krisztián Pars (born 1982), hammer thrower

Twin towns – sister cities
Szentgotthárd is twinned with:

 * 🇫🇷 Delle, France
 * 🇹🇷 Dilovası, Turkey
 * 🇷🇴 Frumoasa, Romania
 * 🇸🇮 Izola, Slovenia
 * 🇸🇮 Lendava, Slovenia
 * 🇮🇹 Tarvisio, Italy
 * 🇩🇪 Walldürn, Germany

title: Szentgotthárd


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Talk:Yennora

Page move
This page was moved from "Yennora" to "Yennora, New South Wales" as per the naming convention set out at Wikipedia:Naming conventions (places) -- Ianblair23 13:31, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Yennora


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Unplugged (The Official Bootleg)

Unplugged (The Official Bootleg) is a live album of unplugged performance by Paul McCartney, recorded and released in 1991.

Overview
Following the vastness of his world tour recently captured on Tripping the Live Fantastic, McCartney took the opportunity to strip back his songs and appear on the acoustic-only show MTV Unplugged, which had only been on air for over a year at that point. Subsequently, McCartney was the first in a long line of artists to release an album of their performance on the show.

Unlike other artists who appeared on the show with acoustic instruments plugged into amplifiers, McCartney's instruments were entirely unplugged. Microphones were carefully placed close to guitars, pianos, etc. to pick up the sound (this can be seen on the album cover, where a large rectangular microphone is pictured in front of McCartney's acoustic guitar).

Using the same line-up that had recently backed him (save for Blair Cunningham who had replaced Chris Whitten), McCartney used the opportunity to bring out some of his rarer tracks, including three from his 1970 debut album McCartney, alongside several covers and amid a number of familiar Beatles hits.

Songs
Several tracks performed in the show were not included on the album, as follows: "Mean Woman Blues", "Midnight Special", "Matchbox", "The Fool" and "Things We Said Today".

"Things We Said Today" and "Midnight Special" would see official release two years later in 1993 as B-sides to the "Biker Like an Icon" single. "Mean Woman Blues" was also released on promotional single only.

Songs rehearsed by the band but not performed at all include: "Mother Nature's Son", "Figure of Eight", "Cut Across Shorty", "Heartbreak Hotel", "Heart of the Country", "She's My Baby", and "Mrs. Vandebilt".

Release
Critical response to Unplugged (The Official Bootleg) was very warm. Initially released in a limited edition, individually numbered run in 1991, Unplugged (The Official Bootleg)—with artwork that recalls Снова в СССР's—was reissued in a more permanent fashion in the late 1990s. Upon its original issue, it reached number 7 in the UK and became McCartney's highest-peaking US album in almost ten years, reaching number 14.

Personnel

 * Paul McCartney – acoustic guitar, vocals, drums on "Ain't No Sunshine", harmony vocals on "And I Love Her"
 * Linda McCartney – Indian harmonium, percussion
 * Hamish Stuart – acoustic bass guitar, acoustic guitar and lead vocals on "And I Love Her" and "Ain't No Sunshine"
 * Robbie McIntosh – acoustic guitars, Dobro, vocals, piano on "Ain't No Sunshine"
 * Paul "Wix" Wickens – piano, keyboards, accordion, percussion, vocals, acoustic bass on "Ain't No Sunshine"
 * Blair Cunningham – drums, percussions, vocals

title: Unplugged (The Official Bootleg)


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User talk:MissFine

Image:Ish.jpg
I am sorry that this should be your first message on wikipedia. Thanks for contributing and trying to make the encyclopedia better. Unfortunately because wikipedia is available for free we need permission from the owners of any image to use it on the site. -- Dark fred Talk to me 13:33, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:MissFine


text:
User talk:Sunny the bull

Image Tagging Image:Riina.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Riina.jpg. I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag, so its copyright status is therefore unclear. Please add a tag to let us know its copyright status. (If you created/took the picture then you can use to release it under the GFDL. If you can claim fair use use  .)  If you don't know what any of this means, just let me know on the image description page where you got the images and I'll tag them for you. Otherwise, see Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use. Thanks so much.

Orphaned fair use image (Image:Don salvatore riina.jpg)
Thanks for uploading Image:Don salvatore riina.jpg. I notice the 'image' page currently specifies that your image can be used under a fair use license. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If your image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why your image was deleted. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful.

If you have uploaded other fair use media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any fair use images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Shyam ( T / C ) 22:57, 10 March 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sunny the bull


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Yellowhead jawfish

The yellowhead jawfish (Opistognathus aurifrons) is a species of jawfish native to coral reefs in the Caribbean Sea. It is found at depths of from 3 to 40 m. The head and upper body are a light, but brilliant, yellow color slowly fading to a pearlescent blue hue. It can reach a length of 10 cm TL. Yellowhead jawfishes are common in Florida. The Jawfishes live in rubble areas and sand in groups of up to 70 individuals.

The yellowhead jawfish is usually found in shallows where materials are available for burrow construction. It remains near its relatively small territory, and is typically seen with only the head and upper section of its body protruding from its burrow, although it sometimes can be found hovering nearby. It is able to arrange material using its mouth, carrying sand, shells, or small rocks from one location to another.

It is a mouthbrooder, with the male carrying the eggs in its mouth until they hatch.

Yellowhead jawfish have two different types of responses to intruders, flight or fight. The type of response depends on the type of incoming fish. During flight, the fish will swim away from the intruder and in go into their burrow, covering the opening with a large rock. During fight, the fish will spit sand or rocks at the intruder.

In captivity
In the aquarium it feeds on planktonic matter, commonly taking brine shrimp, mysis shrimp, and prepared frozen and pelleted fish food. When other fish come near its territory, it will open its jaw wide and try to warn them off, but it rarely attacks. It is one of the most docile jawfish towards fish of its kind, and can be kept in small groups of 1 individual per 10 gallons.

title: Yellowhead jawfish


text: User talk:Golden-ratio

title: User talk:Golden-ratio


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Talk:Oenology

I'm removing this. It doesn't clearly relate to enology, and terroir is covered much better and vine covered coherently in their respective articles. -

Oenology v Enology
The 'oe' looks fancy, but 'enology' seems to be the most common spelling, and the one favored in dictionaries. Grant, 6 March 2018

 * It seems to be a British English vs American English issue. Sometimes the correct one to use is self-evident (e.g. an American company or a British actor) but for global topics, it becomes harder to find the balanced option to use. However I did look both up and oenology does appear to be more prevalent. Rayman60 (talk) 18:47, 7 March 2018 (UTC)

Natural aspects
From a natural point of view, the characteristics of a wine are determined by two factors : vine and terroir. A vine is a type of grape fruit, each type has different characteristics and grows best in a particular climate.

The terroir (terre = "earth" in French) is the name used to describe aspects of wine linked with geological or climatological factors. The type of grape is not the only factor affecting the final taste. The nature of soil (chalk, silica,...), number of days of sunshine, and humidity play a big part as well. Unlike other plants, a grapevine need not be "satisfied" to obtain good results. One says that the vine has to suffer, such as from lack of water or from cold, in order to produce the best grape. - Wnissen 13:38, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

"..from grape harvest to.."
..should be modified to "..from grape growing to..". Oenolgy does not start with the harvest. It includes the growing of grapes also, all aspects to produce wine. (for example also to buy the right area for winegrowing, to dig for and to analyze the soil data of a potential winegrowing soil etc.). BerndB 17:02, 26 August 2007 (UTC)

WikiProject Food and drink Tagging
This article talk page was automatically added with WikiProject Food and drink banner as it falls under Category:Food or one of its subcategories. If you find this addition an error, Kindly undo the changes and update the inappropriate categories if needed. The bot was instructed to tagg these articles upon consenus from WikiProject Food and drink. You can find the related request for tagging here. Maximum and careful attention was done to avoid any wrongly tagging any categories, but mistakes may happen... If you have concerns, please inform on the project talk page -- TinucherianBot (talk) 05:49, 4 July 2008 (UTC)

TLE
About food processing 49.151.235.118 (talk) 03:34, 3 May 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Oenology


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Battle of the Assunpink Creek

The Battle of the Assunpink Creek, also known as the Second Battle of Trenton, was a battle between American and British troops that took place in and around Trenton, New Jersey, on January 2, 1777, during the American Revolutionary War, and resulted in an American victory.

Following the victory at the Battle of Trenton early in the morning of December 26, 1776, General George Washington of the Continental Army and his council of war expected a strong British counterattack. Washington and the council decided to meet this attack in Trenton and established a defensive position south of the Assunpink Creek.

Lieutenant General Charles Cornwallis led the British forces southward in the aftermath of the December 26 battle. Leaving 1,400 men under Lieutenant Colonel Charles Mawhood in Princeton, Cornwallis advanced on Trenton with about 5,000 men on January 2. His advance was significantly slowed by defensive skirmishing by American riflemen under the command of Edward Hand, and the advance guard did not reach Trenton until twilight. After assaulting the American positions three times and being repulsed each time, Cornwallis decided to wait and finish the battle the next day. Washington moved his army around Cornwallis's camp that night and attacked Mawhood at Princeton the next day. That defeat prompted the British to withdraw from most of New Jersey for the winter.

Background
On the night of December 25–26, 1776, George Washington, Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army, crossed the Delaware River with his army, and attacked the Hessian garrison at the Battle of Trenton on the morning of December 26. The Hessian garrison was surrounded and quickly defeated. Washington crossed the river again and returned to his camp in Pennsylvania that afternoon. On December 30, Washington moved his army back to Trenton and stationed his men on the south side of the Assunpink Creek.

Washington's appeal
At Trenton, Washington faced a dilemma. All but a handful of his men's enlistments were expiring on December 31, and he knew that the army would collapse unless he convinced them to stay. So, on December 30, Washington appealed to his men to stay one month longer for a bounty of ten dollars. He asked any men who wanted to volunteer to poise their firelocks, but no man turned out. Washington then wheeled his horse around and rode in front of the troops, saying, "My brave fellows, you have done all I asked you to do, and more than could be reasonably expected; but your country is at stake, your wives, your houses and all that you hold dear. You have worn yourselves out with fatigues and hardships, but we know not how to spare you. If you will consent to stay only one month longer, you will render that service to the cause of liberty and to your country which you probably never can do under any other circumstances." At first, no one stepped forward, but then one soldier stepped forward, and he was followed by most of the others, leaving only a few in the original line.

Preparations
On January 1, 1777, money from the Continental Congress arrived in Trenton, and the men were paid. Washington also received a series of resolves from Congress, including one that gave Washington powers similar to those of a military dictator. Washington decided that he would stand and fight at Trenton and ordered General John Cadwalader, who was at Crosswicks with 1,800 militia, to join him in Trenton. On December 31, Washington learned that an army of 8,000 men under the command of General Cornwallis was moving to attack him at Trenton.

Washington ordered his men to build earthworks that were parallel to the south bank of the Assunpink Creek southeast of Trenton proper (near the modern location of the Trenton Transit Center). The lines extended about three miles (4.8 km) down the south end of the stream. However, one of Washington's aides, Joseph Reed, pointed out that there were fords upstream that the British could cross, and then they would be in position to drive in Washington's right flank. Washington could not escape across the Delaware because all of his boats were a few miles upstream. Washington told his officers that he planned to move the army and that their current position was only temporary.

British movement

Cornwallis, planning to return to Britain, had his leave canceled. He rode to Princeton to catch up with General James Grant, who had moved with 1,000 troops to reinforce Princeton. Cornwallis arrived and was convinced by Grant and Carl von Donop to attack Trenton with their combined forces.

By January 1, 1777, Cornwallis and his army had reached Princeton. On January 2, Cornwallis left part of his force there under the command of Charles Mawhood, and with 5,500 men, set off down the road to Trenton, 11 mi away. Cornwallis's army had 28 cannon and marched in three columns. When Cornwallis reached Maidenhead (now Lawrenceville), he detached Colonel Alexander Leslie with 1,500 men and ordered them to remain there until the following morning.

Delaying actions
Out in front of his army, Cornwallis placed a skirmish line of Hessian jägers and British light infantry. Two days before, Washington had troops under the command of Matthias Alexis Roche de Fermoy place an outer defensive line halfway between Trenton and Princeton to delay the British advance. As the British approached, Fermoy returned to Trenton, drunk. Colonel Edward Hand took over his command.

As the British came within range, the American riflemen opened fire. The American riflemen took cover in the woods, ravines, and even in bends in the road, and each time the British would line up in a battle line, the riflemen would fall back and fire from cover. After Hand was forced to abandon the American position along Five Mile Run, he took up a new position, a heavily wooded area on the south bank of Shabakunk Creek. Hand deployed his men in the trees where they were so well protected from view that the British could not see them as they crossed the bridge over the stream. The riflemen fired at them from point-blank range. The intense fire confused the British into thinking that the entire American army was up against them, and they formed into battle lines, bringing up their cannon. The British searched the woods for half an hour looking for the Americans, but Hand had already withdrawn to a new position.

By three in the afternoon, the British had reached a ravine known as Stockton Hollow, about half a mile (0.8 km) from Trenton where the Americans were forming another line of defense. Washington wanted to hold the British off until nightfall when darkness would prevent the British from attacking his defenses on the south side of Assunpink Creek. With artillery in position, the British attacked Hand's new position, and he gave way, slowly falling back into Trenton. Hand had his troops fire from behind houses along the way. As Hand's troops came to the creek, the Hessians charged at them with bayonets fixed, causing chaos among the Americans. Washington, seeing the chaos, rode out through the crowd of men crossing the bridge and shouted that Hand's rear guard pull back and regroup under the cover of the American artillery.

British assault
As the British prepared to attack the American defenses, cannon, and musket fire were exchanged between the opposing sides. The British moved across the bridge, advancing in solid columns, and the Americans fired together. The British fell back, but only for a moment. The British charged the bridge again but were driven back by cannon fire. The British charged one final time, but the Americans fired canister shot this time, and the British lines were raked with fire. One soldier said, "The bridge looked red as blood, with their killed and wounded and their red coats."

Cornwallis' decision
When Cornwallis arrived in Trenton with the main army, he called a council of war to determine whether he should continue to attack. Cornwallis' quartermaster general, William Erskine, urged Cornwallis to strike right away, saying, "If Washington is the General I take him to be, his army will not be found there in the morning." But James Grant disagreed and argued that there was no way for the Americans to retreat, and that the British troops were worn out, and that it would be better for them to attack in the morning after they had rested. Cornwallis did not want to wait until morning, but he decided it would be better than sending his troops out to attack in the dark. Cornwallis said, "We've got the old fox safe now. We'll go over and bag him in the morning." Cornwallis then moved his army to a hill north of Trenton for the night.

Washington's decision
During the night, the American artillery, under the command of Henry Knox, occasionally fired shells into Trenton to keep the British on edge. As Cornwallis had, Washington also called for a council of war. He would take the little-known Quaker road leading to Princeton, and his council of war agreed to attack the British garrison there. By 2 am on January 3, the army was on its way to Princeton. Washington left behind 500 men and two cannons to keep the fires burning and to make noise with picks and shovels to make the British think they were digging in. By morning, these men, too, had evacuated, and when the British came to attack, all of the American troops were gone.

Casualties
Casualty estimates are widely divergent. Howard Peckham records the fighting on January 2 as two separate engagements, which he categorizes as "skirmishes". In the first, at Five Mile Run, he gives no American losses. In the second, at Stockton Hollow, he gives the American casualties as 6 killed, 10 wounded and 1 deserted. William S. Stryker, on the other hand, gives the entire American loss on January 2 as 1 killed and 6 wounded, while David Hackett Fischer says that they had 100 killed and wounded.

Peckham gives the British losses at Five Mile Run as 1 Hessian killed and those for Stockton Hollow as "at least" 10 killed, 20 wounded and 25 captured. Edward J. Lowell gives the Hessian losses on January 2 as 4 killed and 11 wounded. David Hackett Fischer gives the British casualties as 365 killed, wounded or captured.

Aftermath
By the morning of January 3, Washington had reached Princeton. After a brief battle, the British there were decisively defeated, and a substantial number of the garrison under the command of Mawhood was captured. With their third defeat in ten days, Cornwallis' superior, General William Howe, ordered the army to withdraw from southern New Jersey and nearly back to New York. This they did, leaving forward positions at New Brunswick. Washington moved his army to Morristown for winter quarters.

Legacy

The battle was commemorated on April 21, 1789, with a triumphal arch erected on the bridge over the Assunpink Creek during George Washington's reception at Trenton on his way to his first inauguration.

In 1792, American artist, John Trumbull, painted the full-length portrait of Washington, General George Washington at Trenton, showing him after the day's battle standing south of the bridge over the Assunpink Creek.

title: Battle of the Assunpink Creek