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Oberglatt

Oberglatt is a municipality in the district of Dielsdorf in the canton of Zürich in Switzerland, and belongs to the Glatt Valley (Glatttal). Zurich Airport is partially in Oberglatt.

History
Oberglatt is first mentioned around 1153-55 as Obrunglate. Oberglatt suffered a serious fire in 1670, which destroyed twelve houses. Fifteen houses were burnt down in 1825.

In recent decades, the municipality has seen a great deal of building activity. Among other things, an actual railroad station quarter was built. Oberglatt was connected to the Zurich-Bülach railroad line in 1877. The village has long since ceased to be a predominantly farming village, as many of its residents work outside the town. The municipality is also home to a considerable number of commercial and service businesses.

Geography
Oberglatt has an area of 8.2 km2. Of this area, 51.5% is used for agricultural purposes, while 10.4% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 30.7% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (7.3%) is non-productive (rivers, glaciers or mountains).

The municipality straddles the Glatt river and includes the village of Oberglatt and the village section of Hofstetten. The eastern border of the municipality is the Zurich Airport.

Demographics
Oberglatt has a population (as of ) of. , 32.7% of the population was made up of foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years the population has grown at a rate of 16.8%. Most of the population speaks German  (78.6%), with Italian being second most common ( 5.3%) and Albanian being third ( 3.8%).

In the 2007 election the most popular party was the SVP which received 46.6% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SPS (16.2%), the FDP (11.1%) and the CSP (7.9%).

The age distribution of the population is children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 24% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 68.8% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 7.2%. In Oberglatt about 71.1% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule).

Oberglatt has an unemployment rate of 3.39%. , there were 63 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 19 businesses involved in this sector. 654 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 57 businesses in this sector. 544 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with 120 businesses in this sector.

The historical population is given in the following table:

Business
It is the home of the Swiss office of the New Life Network.

Transport
Oberglatt is served by Oberglatt railway station on Zürich S-Bahn lines S9 and S15. It is a 17 minute ride from Zürich Hauptbahnhof.

Education
The Primarschule Oberglatt system serves students at the kindergarten and primary levels. The primary school campus consists of four buildings. Three additional buildings house kindergarten students.

Two secondary schools serve Oberglatt students; Sekundarschule Rümlang-Oberglatt in Rümlang, and Sekundarschule Niederhasli-Niederglatt-Hofstetten in Niederhasli.

The Stiftung Tagesschule Oberglatt is in the city.

title: Oberglatt


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Arthur Schuster

Sir Franz Arthur Friedrich Schuster (12 September 1851 – 14 October 1934) was a German-born British physicist known for his work in spectroscopy, electrochemistry, optics, X-radiography and the application of harmonic analysis to physics. Schuster's integral is named after him. He contributed to making the University of Manchester a centre for the study of physics.

Early years
Arthur Schuster was born in Frankfurt am Main, Germany the son of Francis Joseph Schuster, a cotton merchant and banker, and his wife Marie Pfeiffer.

Schuster's parents were married in 1849, converted from Judaism to Christianity, and brought up their children in that faith. In 1869, his father moved to Manchester where the family textile business was based. Arthur, who had been to school in Frankfurt and was studying in Geneva, joined his parents in 1870 and he and the other children became British citizens in 1875.

From his childhood, Schuster had been interested in science and after working for a year (1870/71) for the family firm of Schuster Brothers in Manchester, he persuaded his father to let him study at Owens College. He studied mathematics under Thomas Barker and physics under Balfour Stewart, and began research with Henry Roscoe on the spectra of hydrogen and nitrogen. He spent a year with Gustav Kirchhoff at the University of Heidelberg, and having gained his PhD, returned to Owens as an unpaid demonstrator in physics. Schuster later used his family's wealth to buy material and equipment and to endow readerships in mathematical physics at Manchester and meteorology at the University of Cambridge. He also contributed to the Royal Society and the International Union for Co-operation in Solar Research.

After a further period of study in Germany with Wilhelm Eduard Weber and Hermann von Helmholtz, he returned to England, where his knowledge of spectrum analysis led to him being appointed to lead an expedition to Siam, to photograph the coronal spectrum during the total solar eclipse of 6 April 1875. This was an important appointment for such a junior scientist. On the way, he wrote a letter dated 21 February 1875, to Nature describing his observation of the "green flash" phenomenon.

Career and later life
On his return to Manchester in 1875, he began research on electricity and then went on to spend five years at the Cavendish Laboratory of the University of Cambridge. His status there was quite unofficial; he was neither a student nor a fellow. He worked with James Clerk Maxwell and with Rayleigh. In 1881, he was appointed to the Beyer Chair of Applied Mathematics at Owens, by now one of the colleges of the new Victoria University. He succeeded his teacher Balfour Stewart as professor of physics in 1888. This appointment gave him the opportunity to establish a large, active teaching and research department. In 1900 a new laboratory, for which he had fought and which he had designed, was officially opened. It was the fourth largest in the world. The laboratory quickly became a serious rival to the Cavendish; see Manchester Science Hall of Fame. Much of this later fame was associated with Ernest Rutherford who succeeded Schuster as Langworthy Professor in 1907. Schuster resigned from the chair, partly for health reasons and partly to promote the cause of international science. He ensured that Rutherford would succeed him.

Schuster is credited with coining the concept of antimatter in two letters to Nature in 1898. He hypothesized antiatoms, and whole antimatter solar systems, which would yield energy if the atoms combined with atoms of normal matter. His hypothesis was given a mathematical foundation by the work of Paul Dirac in 1928, which predicted antiparticles and later led to their discovery.

Schuster is perhaps most widely remembered for his periodogram analysis, a technique which was long the main practical tool for identifying statistically important frequencies present in a time series of observations. He first used this form of harmonic analysis in 1897 to disprove C. G. Knott's claim of periodicity in earthquake occurrences. He went on to apply the technique to analysing sunspot activity. This was an old interest. In 1875 Stewart's friend and Roscoe's cousin, the economist Jevons, reported, "Mr. A Schuster of Owens College has ingeniously pointed out that the periods of good vintage in Western Europe have occurred at intervals somewhat approximating to eleven years, the average length of the principal sun-spot cycle."

Schuster is credited by Chandrasekhar to have given a fresh start to the radiative transfer problem. Schuster formulated in 1905 a problem in radiative transfer in an attempt to explain the appearance of absorption and emission lines in stellar spectra. This was the first use of the two-stream approximation that underpins the treatment of radiative transfer in virtually all weather and climate models.

In 1912 he bought Yeldall Manor at Hare Hatch near Wargrave in Berkshire.

In 1913, Schuster was elected to both the United States National Academy of Sciences and the American Philosophical Society.

Following the outbreak of World War I in 1914, the Schuster family was subjected to anti-German prejudice in the press and, in Arthur's case, in some quarters of the Royal Society. His brother Sir Felix Schuster had to issue a statement pointing out the family's loyalty to Britain and that they all had sons serving in the British army. On the day Arthur gave his presidential address to the 1915 British Association meeting, he learned that his son had been wounded.

Schuster was regarded by his contemporaries as a mathematical physicist of exceptional ability but also as a capable administrator and teacher, and an advocate for the role of science in education and industry.

He died in Hare Hatch on 14 October 1934. He is buried in Brookwood Cemetery in outer London.

Family
In 1887 he married Caroline Loveday.

Edgar Schuster (1897–1969), the first Galton Fellow of Eugenics at University College London was his nephew.

Honours and awards
Schuster was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1879, and knighted in the 1920 New Year Honours. Other honours include doctorates from the universities of Calcutta (1908), Geneva (1909), St Andrews (1911), and Oxford (1917) and the award of the Royal, Rumford and Copley medals of the Royal Society (1893, 1926 and 1931); LLD, Calcutta, 1876;

Schuster served as secretary of the Royal Society and was elected vice-president (1919–20) and foreign secretary (1920–24). He also served as secretary of the International Research Council (1919–28) and on the management committees for the Meteorological Office (1905–32) and National Physical Laboratory (1899–1902, 1920–25).

He was knighted by King George V in 1920.

The University of Manchester's Schuster Laboratory, home to the School of Physics and Astronomy is named after him.

Publications

 * The Progress of Physics (1910) Four lectures delivered to the University of Calcutta during March 1908, which give cautious provisional approval of Albert Einstein's Special Relativity and Max Planck's initial ideas about Quanta.
 * An introduction to the theory of optics (1904) There are two subsequent editions to this book, and Schuster is the author. Edition two was published in 1909 and edition three appears to have two publication dates of 1924, and 1928.
 * An introduction to the theory of optics (1904) There are two subsequent editions to this book, and Schuster is the author. Edition two was published in 1909 and edition three appears to have two publication dates of 1924, and 1928.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Arthur Schuster


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Talk:Standard Occupational Classification System

Outside the US
From the article: "The national variants of the SOC are used by the governments of the UK, Canada, and many others."
 * Please provide more details as to which countries make use of this system. — mark ✎ 14:20, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

Should there be sections or articles for each of those? (I came looking for the UK SOC.) --82.46.154.229 (talk) 21:42, 29 March 2011 (UTC)

Job Title
Job Title redirects here. We need to discuss the issue encyclopedically, rather then just referring to SOCC. This is a major issue, as a job title is frequently assigned to People on Wikipedia. Mathiastck 20:18, 2 February 2007 (UTC)

Wikidata property for the Standard Occupational Classification System
We now have a Wikidata property for the Standard Occupational Classification System. That means that you can add a SOC Code to all wikipedia entries about occupations :-) --82.234.128.149 (talk) 13:21, 21 September 2013 (UTC)

first Dictionary of Occupational Titles 1938 or 1939?
As of 2017-11-28, the "See also" section referred to the "Dictionary of Occupational Titles (DOT) First Published 1939." However, the article on Dictionary of Occupational Titles says it was first published in 1938 not 1939. Moreover, 1938 appears three times in the DOT article, and 1939 does not appear at all there.

I assume the DOT article is correct, and the single reference in this SOC article is off by one year. I will fix it. If that's not the case, I trust someone more knowledgeable than I will fix this date in both articles. DavidMCEddy (talk) 15:07, 28 November 2017 (UTC)


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Ke'Haan

Ke'Haan is a fictional character featured in comic books published by DC Comics. He is a very tall, well-muscled humanoid alien with reddish-orange skin, a partially bald head and three brown locks down the center of his head. Other distinguishing features include a pair of bull-like horns. He first appeared in Green Lantern (vol. 3) #49 (February 1994): "Emerald Twilight Part Two: The Present".

History
Ke'Haan of Varva past was formerly the second in command to Green Lantern trainer Kilowog. He was also the designated protector of sector 786. Together, he and Kilowog were the top trainers for newly appointed Green Lantern Corps recruits. Over the course of his life, he was regarded as the toughest teacher on Oa. However this tough training was noted for producing some of the toughest Lanterns found in the corps. When Sector 112 was without a Lantern, he took Kentor Omoto's daughter Laira under his wing. Within her, he found a kindred spirit and she became his prized pupil. Within the Corps, it became heavily implied and whispered that he and Laira were more than teacher and pupil despite the fact that he had a family on his native planet Indeed, they could often be found together on most of their missions.

Emerald Twilight
When the entity known as Parallax corrupted fellow Green Lantern Hal Jordan, the Guardians dispatched Ke'Haan and Laira to stop him from reaching Oa. The pair found themselves outmatched as Jordan, powered by rage and psychosis, tore through them. Surprisingly, despite his imposing figure, years of experience, and overwhelming strength, Ke'Haan was the first to fall to Jordan, while his pupil Laira, while still losing, fared much better in her attempts at stopping Jordan.

Return and death
Believed dead after his battle with Hal Jordan, Ke'Haan, along with fellow GLs Graf Toren, Laira, Kreon, Boodikka, and Tomar-Tu, was captured by the Manhunters and taken to the forbidden Sector 3601 to be used as energy cells for the planet Biot.

During this time, he was succeeded as Green Lantern of his sector by Turytt who was tasked to tell his wife and children of his demise. Turytt also swore to kill the one responsible for Ke'Haan's apparent death.

It is unknown how long they remained captive until Guy Gardner and Hal Jordan, now free of the Parallax influence, discovered him and his fellow Lanterns. He was freed from captivity by Jordan and waged all out war on the Manhunters. After defeating the Manhunters, the Lost Lanterns turned their rage on Jordan, who they still believed to be their enemy. They paused however when Jordan refused to fight back. Upon examining their surroundings, they discovered Lanterns long thought dead. Apparently the Manhunters had been abducting Lanterns for a long time.

The newly resurrected Lanterns would have been slain if not for quick teamwork which led to the destruction of Biot. When they returned to Oa, they were given heroes' welcomes, and Ke'Haan resumed his duties as Instructor to new Lanterns. He was also the one to warn Hal Jordan to stay clear of the Lost Lanterns, even though Jordan was the one that rescued them. It is unknown how his successor and family have reacted to his return.

When Parallax (Kyle Rayner) brought Hal Jordan to Qward, the entire Sinestro Corps attacked him. Amon Sur told Hal it was ironic that he was going to die despised and abandoned by the Corps. Ke'Haan then arrived on the scene with his fellow Lost Lanterns, saving Hal and stating "Despised? Yes. But never abandoned. The Corps don't abandon their own". The group then went underground, with Ke'Haan taking Boodikka, Laira, and Hannu to find Ion. Instead, they find the Anti-Monitor, who kills Ke'Haan, searing the skin off his skeleton in a single blast.

Blackest Night
Ke'Haan is one of the many fallen Lanterns to be risen from his grave on Oa to become a Black Lantern. He is one of the many Black Lanterns beginning a stand against the living Green Lanterns on Oa. During the conflict, he manages to impale Guy Gardner through the leg. His corpse is destroyed.

title: Ke'Haan


text: Template:Motörhead

title: Template:Motörhead


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Taker

Taker may refer to:

 * Eminent domain
 * The Undertaker (born 1965), American professional wrestler and actor
 * Undertaker, a funeral director
 * Takers, 2010 American film
 * Houston Takers, American Basketball Association team
 * The Taker/Tulsa, 1971 album by Waylon Jennings

title: Taker


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Adolf Maislinger

Adolf Maislinger (December 9, 1903 – April 26, 1985) was a member of the German Resistance and was a survivor of Dachau concentration camp.

Early years
Maislinger was born on December 9, 1903 in Munich. He came from a Social Democratic Party household. He first joined the youth group of the Social Democratic Party, the Sozialistische Arbeiter-Jugend, at the age of 14; later, he joined the SPD. As the conflicts with the National Socialists intensified in Munich during the 1920s, he joined the Reichsbanner Schwarz-Rot-Gold. During this time, Maislinger helped defend the offices of the Münchener Post from attack by "brown shirts".

In 1931, he joined the Communist Party of Germany (KPD). At the end of 1932, just before the Nazis rose to power, the KPD warned its functionaries to identify as many homes as possible where they could go into hiding, should the need present itself. Two months later, in February 1933, Maislinger sought refuge by friends. He became a courier using the pseudonym “Bertl” and maintained contact with KPD members in Prague and Zürich. He also gave refuge to friends who needed to go into hiding. He met friends at night, riding on a bicycle, pistol under his jacket. After one of his friends was arrested and severely beaten, he betrayed the entire group.

Betrayal and imprisonment
Maisingler was able to escape to Switzerland, but in 1934, the KPD ordered him to back to Germany to carry out party work in the Ruhr area. He was arrested on the border and sent to Munich to the police prison on Ettstraße. In 1935, using a 72-page document detailing the evidence, he and his friends were tried at the Volksgerichtshof. After three days, Maislinger was sentenced to eight years' hard labor in a Zuchthaus for "preparation for high treason". Rather than being released when this time was up, however, the Gestapo issued an order on September 8, 1942, to send him to Dachau in preventive detention.

His old friends from Munich were already there. There, Communist comrades from Munich helped him get a job with the disinfection unit. The resulting freedom of action allowed him to become active in the Resistance again. Speaking of the liberation of Dachau, Maislinger said, "It was a miracle and at the same time, a shock. The other prisoners, my friends, came over to me. Some came running, others could only crawl. At some point, I began to walk, but didn't really walk anymore, I was floating. [...] I climbed up on a window ledge and watched everything from up there and cried."

After 1945
After his liberation, Adi Maislinger returned to Munich, where he was put on the city government established by the American occupying force. This didn't last long, however. On July 22, 1946, the Americans arrested all the prominent KPD members, including Maislinger and he was again imprisoned, this time in Landsberg. On August 20, 1946, the Süddeutsche Zeitung reported the release of the Communists in Landsberg, saying "It is still unclear why they were arrested."

Maisingler devoted himself to share his experiences as a prisoner in a concentration camp with young people, speaking at schools and other places. He was active with the Dachau Memorial and the Action Reconciliation Service for Peace (ARSP), reaching some 7,000 young people a year. He was also active with the Union of Persecutees of the Nazi Regime.

Maislinger died on April 26, 1985 in Munich.

title: Adolf Maislinger


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mirchi bhajji

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was TRANSWIKI to Wikibooks:Cookbook. Will add to transwiki log. -Splash 01:00, 8 September 2005 (UTC)

Mirchi bhajji
Recipe. --fvw *  14:23, August 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * Transwiki to The Wikimedia Cookbook. DV8 2XL 14:53, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Transwiki, per previous, someone clean up whether that's rye or rice, and give me a plateful. Tonywalton | Talk 18:39, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Drift (linguistics)

Two types of language change can be characterized as linguistic drift: a unidirectional short-term and cyclic long-term drift.

Short-term unidirectional drift
According to Sapir, drift is the unconscious change in natural language. He gives the example Whom did you see? which is grammatically correct but is generally replaced by Who did you see? Structural symmetry seems to have brought about the change: all other wh- words are monomorphic (consisting of only one morpheme). The drift of speech changes dialects and, in long terms, it generates new languages. Although it may appear these changes have no direction, in general they do. For example, in the English language, there was the Great Vowel Shift, a chain shift of long vowels first described and accounted for in terms of drift by Jespersen (1860–1943). Another example of drift is the tendency in English to eliminate the -er comparative formative and to replace it with the more analytic more. Thus, in some dialects one now regularly hears more kind and more happy instead of the prescriptive kinder, happier. In English, it may be the competition of the -er agentive suffix which has brought about this drift, i.e. the eventual loss of the Germanic comparative system in favor of the newer system. Moreover, the structural asymmetry of the comparative formation may be a cause of this change.

The underlying cause of drift may be entropy: the amount of disorder (differences in probabilities) inherent in all linguistic systems.

Another underlying cause of drift may be crosslinguistic influence (CLI) in situations of language contact. For example, in Shanghai Chinese (Shanghainese) it has been reported that vowel sounds have gradually changed over time due to the influence of Mandarin Chinese (Yao & Chang, 2016). At a shorter timescale (weeks of intensive exposure to a second language) as well, phonetic changes have been observed in an individual's native language; these changes, termed 'phonetic drift', generally approximate properties of the second language.

Long-term cyclic drift
Cyclic drift is the mechanism of long-term evolution that changes the functional characteristics of a language over time, such as the reversible drifts from SOV word order to SVO and from synthetic inflection to analytic observable as typological parameters in the syntax of language families and of areal groupings of languages open to investigation over long periods of time. Drift in this sense is not language-specific but universal, a consensus achieved over two decades by universalists of the typological school as well as the generativist, notably by Greenberg (1960, 1963), Cowgill (1963), Wittmann (1969), Hodge (1970), Givón (1971), Lakoff (1972), Vennemann (1975) and Reighard (1978).

To the extent that a language is vocabulary cast into the mould of a particular syntax and that the basic structure of the sentence is held together by functional items, with the lexical items filling in the blanks, syntactic change is no doubt what modifies most deeply the physiognomy of a particular language. Syntactic change affects grammar in its morphological and syntactic aspects and is seen as gradual, the product of chain reactions and subject to cyclic drift.

title: Drift (linguistics)


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Drift (telecommunication)

In telecommunication, a drift is a comparatively long-term change in an attribute, value, or operational parameter of a system or equipment. The drift should be characterized, such as "diurnal frequency drift" and "output level drift." Drift is usually undesirable and unidirectional, but may be bidirectional, cyclic, or of such long-term duration and low excursion rate as to be negligible.

Drift is also common in pseudo-synchronised streaming applications, such as low-latency audio streaming over TCP/IP. Normally both ends of a streaming connection would stay in-sync with a master clock but TCP/IP does not provide this 'master clock' mechanism. Therefore, applications running fixed clocks will drift apart over time and glitches will occur. This is usually fixed by controlling jitter or drift, by slightly altering the clock speed at one end of the connection.

title: Drift (telecommunication)


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Cherry AG

Cherry AG (formerly Cherry Corporation and stylized as CHERRY) is a German computer peripheral-device maker. The company has its roots in the United States and is headquartered in Germany. It has additional offices in the United States, France, and China. They manufactured a large range of products including sensors, vibrators and automotive modules until 2008, when Peter Cherry, the son of Walter L. Cherry, sold his company to ZF Friedrichshafen AG, a German supplier to the automotive industry. Cherry was renamed ZF Electronics GmbH, while the Cherry brand was continued only for its computer input devices. Since the beginning of 2016 this product line has been operating independently on the market as the Cherry Group.

History

Cherry was founded by Walter Cherry in 1953 in the basement of a restaurant in Highland Park, Illinois, USA. With the passing of its founder, his son Peter took over the ownership of the organization. The company's headquarters were moved to Auerbach in der Oberpfalz, West Germany in 1979. Cherry has manufactured keyboards since 1973, and claims to be the oldest keyboard manufacturer still in business.

In 2008, Cherry was bought by ZF Friedrichshafen AG and incorporated as the ZF Electronics GmbH Corporate Division. After an eight-year partnership with ZF Friedrichshafen AG, Cherry (the computer input device manufacturer) was sold to GENUI Partners in October 2016. In October 2020, Cherry was acquired by the private equity firm Argand Partners and as of June 2021 is now listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange as C3RY. The Cherry brand continues to be used.

In 2019, the company attracted controversy when it offered a giveaway that excluded female gamers, resulting in a boycott by some users in China. The company argued that it would still give prizes to women, amending the giveaway.

Cherry maintains production facilities in Europe (most notably in Bayreuth, Germany), Asia, and the Americas. All of its products are designed and developed at the company's headquarters in Auerbach in der Oberpfalz. It also has offices in the UK, Italy, France, Hong Kong, India, Mexico, Australia and other locations, with distributors in most major countries.

Products
Among Cherry's widely known products are its line of MX and ML key switches, including red, blue, and brown switches, that have been used in industrial electronics and point of sale environments since their inception in the 1980s, and more recently (~2008) by numerous manufacturers of consumer PC keyboards.

At CES 2017, the company announced an update of its "classic" G80-3000 keyboard, with a noise reduction. The Verge said that the new version "fixed a fatal flaw" with the company's mechanical keyboards – their clicking keyboard noises. According to TechCrunch, Cherry "has long been the de facto standard for mechanical keyboard switches." Three years later, the company launched its first "fully mechanical switch" intended for the "value market," or lower cost keyboards called Cherry Viola.

Currently, Cherry makes the following products:
 * Keyboards
 * Mice
 * Card reader
 * Peripheral
 * MIX Technology

Cherry MX
Cherry “Mechanical X-Point” ("MX") switches were developed and patented in the early 1980s and first marketed around 1985. In the consumer keyboard market, Cherry MX switches are often referenced by the color of the key stem—the part of the switch below the keycap which moves downwards when pressed.

Keyboard makers such as Cooler Master, Corsair, and G.Skill use Cherry's Cherry MX switches in their designs or "imitate them," such as Razer's Kailh Green switches in the first Generation Razer Black widow Chroma. Cherry sells its own keyboards in "modest volumes." Its MX 10.0 TKL keyboard lacks the tenkey section of the keyboard. In 2018, the company introduced mechanical keyboard switches for thinner keyboards. It makes its Cherry MX Silent switches, or Pink switches, as a range on keyboards like the Corsair K70.

The most common Cherry MX switches are:
 * Linear
 * Red
 * Silent Red
 * Speed Silver
 * Nature White
 * Black
 * Silent Black
 * Linear Grey
 * Tactile, non-clicky
 * Brown
 * Clear
 * Tactile Grey
 * Tactile and clicky
 * Blue
 * White
 * Green

Cherry MX Grey switches can be found in linear (which provides a smooth, consistent feel sans feedback), tactile, and clicky variants. They are distinguished by stem color, with linear being darker than tactile. The clicky version is no longer made. It is debated as to whether it even clicks, since it is not listed as a "click" switch by Cherry in their 1994 "Keymodule MX brochure", along with MX Whites, which are greased to reduce the click. Given their use primarily in large keys like, the feel is selected to match that of the other keys on the board.

Other types of Cherry MX switches, such as Green and Grey, are used for larger keys (,, , etc.). The feel of Cherry MX Green switches are often compared to that of the "buckling spring" switches on original IBM Model M keyboards. Cherry switches have an advertised lifespan of up to 100 million actuations, depending on switch type.

The auditory and tactile nature of each switch, and the amount of force needed to actuate it, vary depending on the switch type:

Cherry ML
Cherry Mechanical Low-profile (ML) switches are available in a tactile variant, with force and operating characteristics similar to that of Cherry MX Brown switches, but with shortened travel. The rated service life of ML switches is 20 million keystrokes, approximately $1/undefined$ that of the rated MX life. The ML switch was developed to reduce the overall height above the board; while the MX switch stands 15.6 mm above the board, the ML switch shortens that to 6.9 mm; in addition, the total travel is reduced to 3.0 mm. The nominal actuation point is approximately halfway through the total travel, at 1.5 mm, with 0.45 N and 0.50 N actuation and tactile point forces, respectively.

In 2018, Cherry introduced the MX Low Profile switch to supplement the ML switch.

Awards
In 2008, Cherry's production facility in Bayreuth received the Bayerischer Qualitätspreis 2008 award. At the end of 2006, Cherry received the Automotive Lean Production Award of the German economy magazine Automobil-Produktion. In 2005, Cherry GmbH in Auerbach received the Industrial Excellence Award as best European industrial facility.

title: Cherry AG


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Clyde King

Clyde Edward King (May 23, 1924 – November 2, 2010) was an American pitcher, coach, manager, general manager and front office executive in Major League Baseball.

King's career in baseball spanned 67 years, including 35 full years with the New York Yankees, whether in uniform as a manager or coach or in the front office in multiple roles, including general manager (1985–86) and special advisor to longtime owner George Steinbrenner. He managed the San Francisco Giants (1969–70) and Atlanta Braves (1974–75), as well as the Yankees (part of 1982), finishing with a career record of 234 wins and 229 defeats (.505).

As player
Born in Goldsboro, North Carolina, King attended the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. A 6 ft, 175 lb right-handed pitcher, he made his debut with the Brooklyn Dodgers at age 20 in 1944, his first professional season, during the manpower shortage caused by World War II. Although King would be sent to the minor leagues for seasoning after the war, he would ultimately appear in 165 games over all or parts of six seasons for the Dodgers (1944–45, 1947–48, 1951–52), winning 14 games for the 1951 edition. He was a member of the pennant-winning 1947 and 1952 Brooklyn clubs, but failed to appear in either World Series.

When he finished his Major League career with the Cincinnati Redlegs in 1953, King had appeared in an even 200 games, winning 32 and losing 25 with an earned run average of 4.14. He allowed 524 hits and 189 bases on balls in 496 innings pitched. He registered 150 strikeouts and four complete games (in 21 career games started) with 11 saves.

As coach, manager and executive
Before becoming a Major League manager, he led several higher-level minor league clubs, including the Atlanta Crackers, Hollywood Stars, Phoenix Giants, Columbus Jets and Rochester Red Wings. He also served as the MLB pitching coach for the Reds and Pittsburgh Pirates, and roving minor league pitching instructor for the St. Louis Cardinals.

King succeeded Herman Franks as San Francisco's manager in after Franks' Giants had finished in second place in the ten-team National League for four successive seasons. In King's first year as their skipper, the Giants won 90 games, a two-game improvement over 1968. But again they were runners-up, this time in the new, six-team National League West Division, three games behind the Braves. King clashed with Giants star Willie Mays during the year, over a misunderstanding on whether Mays was supposed to play or not in a game against the Astros. According to Mays, King threatened a fine—Horace Stoneham would not permit it, but Chub Feeney, the general manager, made Mays apologize to King, not wanting to create a rift on the ballclub. "I lost any respect I ever had for King," Mays wrote in his autobiography. "I thought of him as a back stabber, and we didn't talk for the rest of the year (1969)." When the 1970 Giants got off to only a 19–23 start, King was fired on May 23; San Francisco was trailing Cincinnati's "Big Red Machine" in the NL West by 12 games at the time.

King then returned to the high minors to manage the Richmond Braves of the Triple-A International League for two seasons, followed by a stint as a special assistant to Braves' general manager Eddie Robinson from 1973 through July 23, 1974. That day, with Atlanta one game above .500, Robinson fired skipper Eddie Mathews and named King interim manager. King's Braves responded by posting a 38–25 record and won 88 games—their best performance since 1969. But King's 1975 team collapsed; it was 58–76 and 31 $1⁄2$ games behind the Reds on August 29, 1975, when King was replaced as manager by Connie Ryan.

He then joined the Yankees' front office in 1976 and played a number of key roles—super scout, pitching coach, general manager and special advisor, in addition to managing them for the final 62 games of 1982. Replacing Gene Michael, he won 29 games and lost 33 as the defending American League champions fell to fifth place in the AL East Division. He remained with the Yankees for the rest of his life.

Personal
King died in his native Goldsboro at the age of 86, survived by his wife Norma, their three daughters and sons-in-law, eight grandchildren and one great-grandchild (Talley Blackman).

His autobiography, A King's Legacy, The Clyde King Story, was published in 1999. In 2002, he wrote the foreword for Baseball in the Carolinas, 25 Essays on the States' Hardball Heritage, edited by Chris Holaday.

King was inducted in the Kinston Professional Baseball Hall of Fame in 1999.

Clyde King's brother, Claude, was a minor league pitcher for several seasons.

title: Clyde King


text:
User talk:Schalicto/Salty

The Salty Kids featuring Joe Morehead(TSKFJM) was a band started by Josh Parker in early 1999 to further plant himself within the Twin Cities rock circuit. TSKFJM was one of the first and few bands in the Twin cities area to become fairly popular using only freely distributed mixed tapes. The Band consisted of Josh Parker(Acustic Guitar/Xylaphone/Backup Vocals/Lyrics), Derek Michael(L. Guitar), A-ron Johnson(R. Guitar), Joe Morehead(Percussion/Distortion/Noise), and Jesse Gangl(Keyboard/Vocals). The band was together for about two and a half years before criticism by thier own fans grew and forced the band members to go their separate ways.

The Salty Kids had their first single in 2002 with "I love the way you massage my back (and feet)". The song was very controversial due to the sexual nature of the song however the band made a statement declaring the song was not ment to imply sexuality however it was a scathing send up of the musical ability of their dummer Joe Morehead. Lead singer Josh Parker insisted that the only reason that Joe was even in the band was because he gave such magnificent back massages.

Currently

Undergound Mix tapes of The Salty Kids are still being traded, and can sometimes be found at garage sales, and Cheapo used sections. The tapes include titles such as standard albums, although the music on them generally do not have a theme. Tape names include "Eating Paste" (1999), "Running with a Knife" (2000), and "Roller Skate Rock" (2002). The Salty Kids made news again in 2005 after comming out against the Supreme Court decision in the P2P MGM vs. Grokster.

title: User talk:Schalicto/Salty


text:
User talk:Diegorodriguez~enwiki

Welcome
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title: User talk:Diegorodriguez~enwiki


text:
Talk:Suret language

Revert
I've had to revert this article a number of times because of edits made from a political standpoint. This is an article about Assyrian Neo-Aramaic, not any other language. This is the Neo-Aramaic of Christians (mostly Church of the East) originally from Urmia and eastern Turkey. The language is heavily influenced by Classical Syriac, which is the language of liturgy and some literature in the Church of the East. This article is not supposed to refer to all Neo-Aramaic dialects spoken by Christians and the classical language but just to this distinct group of modern dialects. These dialects are most often represented by General Urmian and the Iraqi Koine. The editor who has been reverting my changes is openly writing from an Assyrian nationalist point of view, which is fine as long as it does not interfere with the overall neutrality of the article. One simple and clear measure of this is the convention that infoboxes for Afro-Asiatic languages are yellow in colour. This editor keeps turning the box white for some reason. Unless the editor can give some rational defence for their actions, they should be persuaded to stop turning articles into their little soapbox. Gareth Hughes 14:25, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

I was the one who edited
Well i am an Assyrian and I know who and who does not speak my language..We assyrians nowadays stand wihtout a country and we are 90 of 100% nationalists..We are about 4-4.5million assyrian speakers and you were writing we were about 210.000 whis is a lie..There are 3 modern Assyrian (Aramean) dialects..Chaldean influed with more arabian words..Suryoyo spoken by the west Assyrians but they refer to call themselves syriacs nowadays and the original Assyrian people which are we.. You made our Assyrian language look like its all Aramean..Dont forget only our church language is Aramean (Assyrian) call it whatever you want but we Assyrians call it Assyrian so I wont accept that strangers from another nation will destroy that for our little and dieing nation..Assyrian neo aramaic it shouldnt be called that..Its only called Assyrian Neo Aramaic on the internet because no Assyrian doesnt know what that is...We know what we talk and what we are fighting for..So please dont edit my changes Garzo..Kind Regards / Youhanna Warda.. Assyria 90 19:35, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Youhanna, thank you for writing, and for introducing yourself. I am a student of Aramaic, and have just returned from a language field trip in eastern Turkey. I have great sympathy for the cause Aramaic-speaking Christians throughout the area. I know some call themselves Suryoye and others Assyrian, but are very much in similar situations. I have heard plenty of firsthand evidence of Saypa/Sayfo to know what horrors were committed against the people. However, I do have a problem with the politicization of linguistic and historic facts. Assyrian nationalists are actually doing their cause a disservice through such actions: no-one is taking the heartfelt rhetoric seriously, and there are issues to be taken seriously here. There is a distinct difference between the liturgical language of the Church of the East and the colloquial language that used to be spoken in the broad area from Mosul to Urmia. Accurate evidence, from linguists working in the field, is that there are around 210,000 fluent speakers of the colloquial language. This does not include the many who speak the liturgical language, or those who speak the dialects centred on Alqosh (that have had a substantially different history, although similar to the Ashiret dialects), or those dialects further afield. I agree that Assyrian Neo-Aramaic isn't a perfect term, but it is accurate. Labelling a whole raft of languages and dialects with very different origins and histories as Assyrian actually makes the issue less clear. I am an Aramaic linguist who has been writing articles for Wikipedia which give a presence to Assyrian/Aramaean/Syriac language. I am qualified and able to make edits here. It is inappropriate of you to judge anyone as incapable of doing so. However, you may be considered to be a bad editor by the community if you continue to make edits that are politically motivated and unencyclopaedic. Your latest brace of edits (diff) readjusted the number of speakers to an unfeasible 4.5 million again, broadened out the geographic distribution and totally removed the lead paragraph which defines what the article is about. You removed also the only referrence in the article, and you keep replacing the Slovak interlanguage link with one that doesn't work. You have heard who I am, and you have heard the catalogue of reasoned complaints about your edits to this article. Can you expalin what you these edits are about? Gareth Hughes 20:23, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Garzo..I am from south east Turkey (Nort of Assyria)..I was born in Turabdin in Midyat i think you were there when you mean east Turkey..I made this edits because I dont want other nations to see our language is its only here because we are Christians..You make it very Christiand and so on.I am an Christen Orthodox and yes I do belive in God etc..I can read and speak Aramaic..In the Orthodox Church we have studens who can study Aramaic (Assyrian) in our churches and I am one of them.The speakers of Assyrian are estimated to 4.5 million speakers if you disagree just check new fact..I think you were with Suryoye in Turkey.These are also Assyrians but nowadays some of them declare themselves as "Syriacs" and "Aramean"..Soo these changes ive made are because Assyrians does NOT want to see their language in only a Christian view..We are almost all nationalists so we want it from a nationalist view..If you want to do a article about the Assyrian language spoken in Church your welcome but the Assyrian language is made for our people and not our church..Our church has its own language..SOo if you got anymore questions ask me or add me at msn..!!??Assyria 90 16:30, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Youhanna, I know Midyat very well, and I have also spent time researching further east (around Shirnak and Hakkari). I think you misunderstand the subject of this article. There is another article titled Assyrian language, which points readers to more specific articles about the dialects. This article is about Assyrian Neo-Aramaic because it is different from other dialects that might be grouped together as Assyrian. There may be 4.5 millon speakers of Assyrian if you define that broadly enough, but there certainly are not that many speakers of this dialect. My writing comes from scientific study of the numerous dialects of Aramaic, both classical and modern, which have been backed up by field work. I would still like to see some facts to back up your claims. Gareth Hughes 14:54, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

Tell me what facts you want and I will get them. Assyria 90 12:25, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Start with 3.5 million: let's have the demographic break down: where do they live and exactly what dialects do they speak? Have fun trawling round AINA! Gareth Hughes 11:10, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

Here you got your sorces there are a lot more but these are enough for now: http://www.aina.org/news/20040620144321.htm http://www.assyriannation.com/history/History.htm http://www.assyrianvote.com/vote/assyrian911.htm

Well I am an Assyrian myself so i can explain the dialects myself theres no need for sorces..We Assyrians are grouped in three stocks..First of all those who call themselves Assyrians..They speak east Assyrian also called ashori or atoraya (atori) then we have the Chaldeans who speak east Assyrian but its more influenced with Arabic and the last dialect is west Assyrians and those who speak it are the nowadays Suryoye. The churches and the dialects have crushed us as a nation..I live in Sweden for now and here we are about 90 000 Assyrians (Assyrians.Suryoye.Chaldeans) together.. In the US we are estimated to a 400.000-600.000 Assyrians and only in Chicago there are 90 000 Assyrians.For some 10 years ago we were about 2.5 million Assyrians in Iraq but today there are only 1.000.000 - 1.500.000 Assyrians left in Iraq.We also have about 700.000 Assyrians in Syria.The rest of the Assyrians are in the west world... And Gareth..I dont travel around AINA I already know everything cause ive been studding this too long and I know a lot about our Assyrian party s since my cousin started one of the most known Assyrian and Syriac party..Sargon 17:11, 2 September 2005 (UTC)Assyria 90

"Sureth"
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic is not synonymous with "Sureth", which is a term not in common usage in English. Common English usage is the primary driver for what we call things in English. From the bibliography, it seems that the editor is using "Sureth" as a synonym for "Syriac". His references belong there and not here. (Taivo (talk) 12:58, 22 April 2009 (UTC))

Nomenclature
Are we not talking about the language generally known as either 'Neo-Syriac' or 'Modern Syriac'? R. Macuch's important article 'Assyrians in Iran' in Encyclopedia Iranica (a work of reference that sets standards of elegance, accuracy and objectivity that Wikipedia is unlikely ever to meet) uses the term 'Neo-Syriac'; while Sebastian Brock prefers the term Modern Syriac. Is there some political correctness objection to making it clear that 'Assyrian Neo-Aramaic' is basically the successor of Classical Syriac? I have studied the Church of the East for several decades, but have never come across the term 'Assyrian Neo-Aramaic' in any serious work of scholarship. I realise that the Assyrians are constantly rewriting their history, and I'm not trying to stop Assyrian nationalists from continuing to call Modern Syriac whatever they like; but I do object to their foisting their absurd claims on the rest of us by using Wikipedia as a vehicle for nationalist propaganda. 'Assyrian Neo-Aramaic' is a fraudulent (or at the very least, tendentious) term, and as far as I am aware it is used mainly by Assyrian nationalists. Most other people call it Syriac. I would therefore like to propose that this article is renamed 'Modern Syriac', so that ordinary mortals can understand what it is talking about.

Djwilms (talk) 07:27, 27 August 2010 (UTC)
 * In terms of linguistic literature in English, Assyrian Neo-Aramaic is more common. "Syriac" is reserved, as you note, for the medieval language of the Church of the East.  But the medieval language evolved into several distinct dialects of Neo-Aramaic, all of which could conceivable be called "Neo-Syriac"--Assyrian Neo-Aramaic and Chaldean Neo-Aramaic being the two principal ones.  Each of these varieties has a distinct ISO 639-3 code.  To single out one of these varieties of Neo-Aramaic as the "true" successor to Syriac would be pushing a single POV.  The whole field of nomenclature for the various Neo-Aramaic varieties is problematic anyway.  Scholars who use "Neo-Syriac" are generally lumping two or more Neo-Aramaic varieties together, something which Wikipedia is not doing since Wikipedia generally follows the divisions of ISO 639-3.  --Taivo (talk) 10:42, 27 August 2010 (UTC)

 * Yes, but it's not logical. Classical Syriac is a major dialect of Aramaic.  The dialects presently spoken by Assyrians and Chaldeans (though this is a problematic distinction) are based respectively on the Urmia and Alqosh varieties of Syriac, which derive directly from Classical Syriac, though with a certain amount of self-conscious classicising.  The term 'Aramaic' has no point, as we are already agreed that Syriac is a dialect of Aramaic.  Technically, it would be better to call them Assyrian Neo-Syriac and Chaldean Neo-Syriac, though these terms are so ugly that Modern Syriac is better.  I also see no reason to distinguish between the Assyrian and Chaldean variants of Modern Syriac.  They are no more significant than dialectal differences between, say, London and Yorkshire English.  However, I see that the pass has already been sold as far as ISO codes are concerned, so I shan't push this further until I discover what authority, if any, ISO codes have.

 * Djwilms (talk) 01:21, 30 August 2010 (UTC)
 * Beyond the ISO 639-3 codes, other sources distinguish between Assyrian Neo-Aramaic and Chaldean Neo-Aramaic. For example, Edward Y. Odisho, 1988, The Sound System of Modern Assyrian (Neo-Aramaic), Harrassowitz; and Solomon I. Sara, 1974, A Description of Modern Chaldean, Mouton.  Linguasphere (David Dalby, 1999/2000, The Linguasphere Register, The Linguasphere Observatory) also distinguishes between the aisor (Assyrian) and kald-oyo (Chaldean) speech varieties.  --Taivo (talk) 03:01, 30 August 2010 (UTC)

 * Thanks for that interesting information. I shall not attempt to swim single-handedly against the tide.  On a related point, though, I note that this article claims that Assyrians and Chaldeans find it difficult to understand each other's dialect, while the article Chaldean Neo-Aramaic says that both the Alqosh and Urmia dialects are 'very close', implying that each can be readily understood by speakers of the other dialect.  One or other statement will need to be modified.  I read Classical Syriac, but find both modern dialects very hard going, so I'm scarcely in a position to judge.  What would you say is the truth?

 * Djwilms (talk) 09:26, 30 August 2010 (UTC)
 * "Very close" and "difficult to understand" are not necessarily mutually exclusive descriptions. English and Scots are very, very difficult to understand, but from a historical perspective they are still very close (closer than English and Latin, for example).  The literature I've read on Neo-Aramaic makes the two varieties sound like they are just on the cusp of being two different, mutually unintelligible languages, but with practice one can understand both.  Russian and Ukrainian, English and Scots, Spanish and Portuguese--all these sound (impresionistically) like the situation between Assyrian Neo-Aramaic and Chaldean Neo-Aramaic.  But I don't speak either of the Neo-Aramaic varieties, so I can't say for certain.  --Taivo (talk) 12:34, 30 August 2010 (UTC)

/* Requested move */
Assyrian language → Assyrian Neo-Aramaic — This article should never have been moved from Assyrian Neo-Aramaic in the first place without consensus. "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic" is the most commonly used name in English for this language. "Assyrian language" most commonly refers to the dialect of Akkadian spoken in ancient Assyria. Taivo (talk) 14:50, 11 December 2010 (UTC)

of course, this was an invalid copy-paste move by, an account apparently created just for this purpose. Should have been reverted on sight. --dab (𒁳) 17:28, 11 December 2010 (UTC)

Affricates
What is the phonemic status of the affricates ? If they are merely regional realizations of, then they are not phonemes and therefore should not be present in the table. — Peter238 (v̥ɪˑzɪʔ mɑˑɪ̯ tˢʰoˑk̚ pʰɛˑɪ̯d̥ʒ̊) 10:50, 25 February 2015 (UTC)
 * The answer is that they are phonemes - see User_talk:Meganesia. — Peter238 (v̥ɪˑzɪʔ mɑˑɪ̯ tˢʰoˑk̚ pʰɛˑɪ̯d̥ʒ̊) 14:28, 26 February 2015 (UTC)

Population
Ethnologue only justifies about 80k speakers. The rest of the supposed 230k is never cited: no dates, no location. Estimates on Assyrian have dropped sharply since Ethn. started collecting its data (probably even more so in the diaspora), so without better info, we can't in good conscience repeat their total. — kwami (talk) 02:21, 30 April 2015 (UTC)

Quizzaciously
Don't add this word because it's trending! That's forced usage. --2.245.169.179 (talk) 19:50, 6 October 2015 (UTC)

Sentence order
The section on Script begins: "The original Mesopotamian writing system (believed to be the world's oldest) was derived around 3600 BC from this method [note: no method was specified up to this point] of keeping accounts. By the end of the 4th millennium BC, the Mesopotamians were using a triangular-shaped stylus pressed into soft clay to record numbers." I believe the intent is to have the sentences the other way around: "By the end of the 4th millennium BC, the Mesopotamians were using a triangular-shaped stylus pressed into soft clay to record numbers. The original Mesopotamian writing system (believed to be the world's oldest) was derived around 3600 BC from this method of keeping accounts." Or it could be done (less elegantly) with a colon. 197.88.91.246 (talk) 17:53, 22 January 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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Iraqi Arabic's relevance to Assyrian/Syriac
An article about one language does not need to discuss the aspects of another unrelated one. Since removing sources was cited as an argument against the removal, someone could cite anything unrelated and post it from cheesecake to birds.

Since the part I removed was false information, this is in even less need to be discussed.

From that citation, "Baghdadi Gelet Arabic, which is considered the standard Baghdadi Arabic, shares many features with Gulf Arabic and is of Bedouin provenance". I will be adding this to the Iraqi Arabic page before clear misinformation is added there too if it isn't already.

”Lišanna Ashuraya”?
There is very many wrong things about this article. To start with ”Assyrian Neo-Aramaic”, that is not the name of the language, the name is Aramaic, or ”Neo-Aramaic”, but not ”Assyrian”, I would recommend not use that term since the language of the ancinent Assyrians was Akkadian (𒀝𒅗𒁺𒌑). The language that ’Assyrians’ speak today is Aramaic, it cannot be named, or even include ”Assyrian”. Because this dialect is the same as Eastern Aramaic, why change it’s original name to ”Assyrian”? That is completely unnecessary! It’s like America would start having Aramaic as their official, and first language, let’s say they speak Western Aramaic, would they be calling it “American Neo-Aramaic”? No, that is to erase history, and people’s original language!

Next thing is the “Lišanna Athuraya” (ܠܫܢܐ ܐܬܘܪܝܐ), and “Lišanna Ashuraya” (ܠܫܢܐ ܐܫܘܪܝܐ). “Ashuraya/Ashuroyo” has never even existed in the Aramaic language, this is just a taken word from Akkadian “Ašurayu”, meaning the people Assyrians, the Assyrians never had a language, they spoke Akkadian, and today ‘Assyrians’ speak Aramaic, so I see no point in “Lišanna Ashuraya”, “Lišanna, Athuraya”. You should change this to “Lišanna Aramaya” (ܠܫܢܐ ܐܪܡܝܐ), since the language is Aramaic. Shabo.Hanna.Izgin (talk) 11:39, 2 January 2020 (UTC)

Hello, !

I've reverted your edits on several grounds:

1) Aramaic and Neo-Aramaic are large language families with many dialects (often considered separate languages). You'll note that those articles already exist and describe dialects related to--but distinct from--Assyrian.

2) "Assyrian" is the most common name for the language in everyday English parlance. "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic" is the most common linguistic designation (with its own ISO 639-3 code, "aii"). "Modern Assyrian" is a very common appellation used by Assyriologists (whose "Assyrian" usually refers to "Assyrian Akkadian" in the same way a classicist's "Greek" would refer to "Ancient Greek" and not "Modern Greek").

3) "Lishana Athuraya/Ashuraya" are native names for the language that are actually in use. We can and should note for how long these names have existed in continuity, but to remove them entirely would be prescriptivist, not descriptivist.

4) It is possible for two or more different languages to have the same name when describing the same people (cf. Scottish language).

5) I see that you're a fairly new editor; please read through WP:POV.

Cheers! --334a (talk) 18:57, 2 January 2020 (UTC)

lešānā Sūryāyā / Ārāmāyā*
why dis you revert my edits? the academical term for the language is Aramaic, the dialect Eastern Neo-Aramaic, I even provided sources Johannesgabrielsson (talk) 17:26, 1 October 2020 (UTC)

Requested move 1 November 2021

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: NOT MOVED: After reading through the arguments I determine that there is a weak consensus to keep the article at the current title. (non-admin closure) Spekkios (talk) 23:59, 25 November 2021 (UTC)

Suret language → Assyrian Neo-Aramaic – The ISO standard name is Assyrian Neo-Aramaic. Almost every source (including one that purports to support the new name) calls the language it as well. moved the article without any discussion, and I honestly think it should be moved back unless evidence is presented that a majority of speakers call it Suret as well. – MJL  ‐Talk‐☖ 21:58, 1 November 2021 (UTC) — Relisting. FOARP (talk) 09:25, 16 November 2021 (UTC)

 * / – MJL  ‐Talk‐☖ 22:08, 1 November 2021 (UTC)

The weak consensus has been to generally keep stuff with the Assyrian label (like Assyrian people which covers Assyrians, Syriacs, Chaldeans, and Arameans) with several notes explaining the deal there. – MJL  ‐Talk‐☖ 01:06, 2 November 2021 (UTC)
 * Oppose That's not the scope of this article.
 * According to Salminen (2010), Suret is the language, and was divided by SIL on non-linguistic grounds into Assyrian Neo-Aramaic and Chaldean Neo-Aramaic. ISO recognizes this, and has created the code [syr] to unite the two. This article covers both varieties.
 * When a language is spoken by two communities, it is often problematic to use the name of one of them as if the other didn't exist. That isn't a problem with English, for example, because there's no quarrel with the history, but it would be upsetting to a lot of people to call Shtokavian Croatian "Serbian", or Modern Standard Hindi "Urdu" (even though it is Urdu). I suspect that calling Chaldean "Assyrian" might be similarly problematic.
 * "Three North-Eastern Neo-Aramaic languages were traditionally spoken in Turkey and across the border further into the Middle East, namely Suret (divided by SIL on non-linguistic grounds into Assyrian Neo-Aramaic and Chaldean Neo-Aramaic), Hértevin (reportedly quite different from Suret) and Lishan Didan (a Jewish Aramaic language also linguistically separate), all of them now largely in diaspora. Furthermore, an outlying dialect of Suret was created in Georgia because of the migration of the entire Bohtan Neo-Aramaic community from Turkey."
 * — kwami (talk) 22:10, 1 November 2021 (UTC)
 * @kwami: You just described the scope of the Syriac language (ISO code: syr) and Northeastern Neo-Aramaic articles.
 * No, Syriac is ISO code [syc]; Suret is [syr]. The scope of Syriac is broader: it's multiple languages, whereas Suret is a single language.
 * As long as people understand that the Chaldean dialect is included even though it's not called "Assyrian", then I don't have much objection to moving back to the old name. — kwami (talk) 01:19, 2 November 2021 (UTC)
 * You might like to update ISO 639:syr/ISO 639 macrolanguage then. – MJL  ‐Talk‐☖ 04:42, 2 November 2021 (UTC)
 * @Kwamikagami And, under your opinions, what the aii referes to? A hoax code? syc is called "Classical Syriac" on the SIL's part, and syr is a macrolanguage code afaik. I wonder why Chaldean Neo-Aramaic language also redirects to this article, are both member languages same? Liuxinyu970226 (talk) 10:41, 6 November 2021 (UTC)
 * [aii] is for "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", just as they say. That is, it's for one sociolect of the language covered by this article: Suret as spoken by members of the Assyrian church. Chaldean Neo-Aramaic is the other: Suret as spoken by members of the Chaldean church, which is why it directs here. Giving them separate ISO codes would be like having separate ISO codes for Protestant English and Catholic English. — kwami (talk) 10:46, 6 November 2021 (UTC)

 * Support per nom, or possibly move to Neo-Syriac if there was a strong desire to cover both varieties and if there's really a fear that Chaldean dialect speakers would disapprove of the current title (Which doesn't seem established at all). Google searches for Neo-Syriac and Assyrian Neo-Aramaic show very few sources using Suret.  SnowFire (talk) 23:18, 1 November 2021 (UTC)
 * Comment: 'Neo-Syriac' would make this article consistent with Northeastern Neo-Aramaic, where we list 'Assyrian Neo-Aramaic' as just one dialect of Neo-Syriac. So unless we change the wording of that article to match this one, that would suggest 'Neo-Syriac' might be best. But is the scope of 'Neo-Syriac' really as narrow as we claim in that article? — kwami (talk) 01:19, 2 November 2021 (UTC)

 * Comment. merged the article Chaldean Neo-Aramaic in April and left a comment explaining why. Srnec (talk) 02:46, 2 November 2021 (UTC)

 * The native name of the dialects of Northeastern Neo-Aramaic spoken by Christians (the subject of the article) is Suret or Sureth depending on dialect, but both Chaldeans and Assyrians use both pronunciation. This is because dialects are geographically based not determined by religious affiliation. Splitting these articles is like trying to write separate articles on Catholic and Protestant German. Although "Assyrian" may be somewhat more recognizable, I do oppose the proposed move as it is more clear that "Suret" includes all NENA varieties spoken by Christians and it avoids the POV implication that all Christian NENA speakers are Assyrians. On Google Scholar, once you include both Suret and Sureth spellings, there isn't too much difference between Suret+Sureth and Assyrian Neo-Aramaic. Additionally, I oppose neo-Syriac as it includes Turoyo, which is not a NENA dialect and is outside the scope of this article. (t · c)  buidhe  03:06, 2 November 2021 (UTC)

 * Comment: We could always use the paraphrase "Assyrian–Chaldean Neo-Aramaic". That would be unambiguous, though clumsy. — kwami (talk) 03:38, 2 November 2021 (UTC)
 * I'm fine with "Christian Neo-Aramaic" instead. There are some scholarly sources which use that term for that reason. For me, the important part of the title is the "Neo-Aramaic" bit. I would, however, not like to see "Assyrian–Chaldean Neo-Aramaic" being the title. – MJL  ‐Talk‐☖ 04:41, 2 November 2021 (UTC)
 * So the speakers of Turoyo, Bohtan and Suryoyo aren't Christian? Let's not mix up language and religion. — kwami (talk) 04:52, 2 November 2021 (UTC)
 * Correct, there are other Christian neo-Aramaic languages besides Suret (Bohtan is a NENA dialect and is covered by this article, while Suryoyo = Turoyo and Western Neo-Aramaic are not.) I'm not strongly opposed to "Assyrian neo-Aramaic" if other editors think it's the best title. (t · c)  buidhe  06:23, 2 November 2021 (UTC)

 * I would support a move to Sureth. The exact phrase "Suret language" is unused. Srnec (talk) 00:03, 4 November 2021 (UTC)
 * We typically tag "language" to the titles of language articles so that it's clear what the scope of the article is. — kwami (talk) 10:46, 6 November 2021 (UTC)
 * Not at Latin, Arabic, Inuktitut or Sanskrit. —Srnec (talk) 04:34, 8 November 2021 (UTC)

 * Oppose renaming (under the proposed schema), but support splitting contents to Assyrian Neo-Aramaic and Chaldean Neo-Aramaic and probably this article should rename to Syriac language s, that said, syr is a macrolanguage, and how we process the content schemes of other macrolanguages should also apply here per WP:IAR. Liuxinyu970226 (talk) 10:48, 6 November 2021 (UTC)
 * If we merged this article into the Syriac languages article, then we'd have to create a new article for this language, and we'd be back where we started. And there's no such thing as a "macro-language". That's just bureaucratic jargon for ISO -- it's not a coherent linguistic concept. — kwami (talk) 11:25, 6 November 2021 (UTC)

 * Support. The above discussion is veering into OR.  We can't decide among ourselves what the language ought to be called.  I find 1 hit on GScholar for "suret language" and 3 hits for "sureth language" (there are lots of hits for "suret" and "sureth" but these don't refer to languages).  I find 342 hits for "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic" and 82 hits for "Chaldean Neo-Aramaic".  It seems to be accepted that these refer to the same language, in which case Assyrian Neo-Aramaic is the common name for that language, and the article should be at that name with an explanation of the position.  If that's wrong, and Assyrian Neo-Aramaic and Chaldean Neo-Aramaic are actually different languages, the merge should be reversed.
 * The argument that SIL have a code "syr" to cover both does not take matters forward since SIL give the reference name as Syriac and not Suret. They give "syc" the reference name Classical Syriac.  I doubt that terminology enjoys much support, and it seems to me that it sows confusion, but in any case it can't support the current title. Havelock Jones (talk) 11:38, 11 November 2021 (UTC)

The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.
 * Oppose per Kwami and Buidhe. The proposed title does not appear to accurately describe the scope of this article as it stands. A split may be called for, but that should be discussed separately. — Amakuru (talk) 11:36, 15 November 2021 (UTC)

"Suret" language
As someone of Assyrian ancestry, I wasn't too happy to see the page formerly called "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic" renamed "Suret Language." Whether that is a historically or linguistically accurate name or not, it's misleading to a native English speaker, because to my knowledge no one in the English-speaking world short of scholars call it by that name when speaking English. Its use would be sort of like using "Deutsch" and "Français" to describe German and French within English sentences. It reads as wrong. My concern is that the use of the word "Suret" has the effect of further obscuring the identity of a broad, multicentric community of people who are already mostly invisible in the modern world.

I would ask that the Wikipedia crew reconsider this renaming. "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic Languages" seems to me to be no more or less accurate than Suret, and has the effect of clearly identifying this as the language spoken by modern communities who identify as Assyrian. That's a plus. Please consider this. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 172.11.175.184 (talk) 15:59, 23 June 2022 (UTC)

Name in English
Why is this language called Suret? This is not practical, as there is an English name for it, just as Armenian language is not called Hayeren, Hebrew language is not Ivrith. Another nuance, the vast majority of Assyrians call this language Lishana Ashuraya (Ashurith). I don't know when this edit was made, but for Assyrians outside of the U.S., no such term as "Suret" is known. Diklath (talk) 07:08, 2 August 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Suret language


text:
Talk:Dalmatia in early Middle Ages

The old border of W and E christianity was on river Drina. Neither with Dushan's conquest, that border didn't move. The shift of western border of E christianity towards W happened during Ottoman times.Kubura 14:26, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dalmatia in early Middle Ages


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Uk8ball

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Nufy8 20:47, 8 September 2005 (UTC)

Uk8ball
Ad. --fvw *  14:27, August 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per fvw* DV8 2XL 14:56, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete — WP:NOT advert. — RJH 16:43, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Spam. Sjakkalle (Check!)  07:08, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete JeremyJX 14:14, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

Spam? Do you even know what spam is?

I apologise if this page breaks the sites T's & C's. I did check before I made it and there are other pages descibing websites. Google for example. I would like to see it remain but if it must be removed then fair enough. Or maybe I could change it so it complies with your rules.

I feel I must point out that I am not the owner of the site so I am not getting any personal gain from posting it on here. The site is a useful tool for pool players not just in the United Kingdom but all over the world.

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Uk8ball


text:
File:Eurobasket05 logo.jpg

Summary
Logo of EuroBasket 2005, 2005 European Basketball Championship (Eurobasket)

License
sr:Датотека:Eurobasket05 logo.jpg

authors: Ранко Николић

title: File:Eurobasket05 logo.jpg


text:
William Mayo (civil engineer)

Major William Mayo (c. 1685 – October 20, 1744) was an English civil engineer who emigrated to the British colony of Virginia in 1723.

Biography
Mayo, born in England, emigrated to the British colony of Virginia in 1723. Mayo was the surveyor for Virginia in the Commission of 1727. Later in 1733, he was an assistant to Colonel William Byrd in the surveying of Byrd's land holdings. In 1736, a commission of six men sent a surveying party under Mayo's leadership to explore Lord Fairfax's territory, one of three such parties outfitted at that time (see John Savage). This first survey of Fairfax's domains provided the first useful map of the region, and Mayo's journal provided most of the knowledge available to the first settlers who were then breaking through the Blue Ridge gaps into western Virginia territory. The New Creek, Mineral County area received its name from this Mayo expedition. By traveling up the north side of the Potomac River, which was easier because of the mountainous terrain on the south side, the party missed the stream which gives the town its name. On the return trip, however, the explorers discovered the stream and subsequently placed it on the map as a "new creek."

Together with Professor Alexander Irvin, Mayo was also responsible for setting the boundary between Virginia and North Carolina. One of the rivers intersecting the line was named the Mayo River in his honor.

From 1736 to 1737, Mayo laid out the city of Richmond, Virginia.

Mayo served as the chief civil engineer in Virginia until his death in Richmond in 1744. He is interred there in the Hollywood Cemetery.

title: William Mayo (civil engineer)


text: Category talk:Hawaiian cuisine

title: Category talk:Hawaiian cuisine


text:
Talk:Lūʻau

One opinion on "commercial luau food"
Wikipedia is NOT the place to market fake tourist luaus. SO ?

Commercial luau food is nasty. Buy a copy of a good restaurant guide and sample local restaurants instead. Zora 06:46, 6 May 2006 (UTC)

Section on luau-themed parties
The section made a race-based segregation of "Hawaiians" and "Non-Hawaiians", in effect claiming that racial Hawaiians have "true luaus", while racial non-Hawaiians have inferior events to be referred to as "luau-themed parties". However, people can throw, attend, and enjoy a "true luau", a "luau-themed party", or both, regardless of their race. So I revised the section and removed the racially discriminatory POV. I added scare quotes for "true" and "real" when used with "luau", since those adjectives are subjective and relative.

I also corrected Hawaiian and English spellings, added the References section with a reference, and added a citation to that reference for the etymology of luau. I added a note identifying luau foods that are not native to Hawaii, in order to provide some perspective on the description of luaus as "traditional", "real", or "true".

Agent X 05:46, 6 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I wrote the part you didn't like, and I wasn't really thinking in terms of race, more in terms of culture. The Kims or the Kobashigawas can throw a real luau, as far as I'm concerned. It might be nice to try to find someone writing about the ethnography of luaus and discussing the distinction between "real" luaus and "fake" mainland luaus. I'm writing from a native informant perspective. Zora 09:42, 6 August 2006 (UTC)

I removed this part from the section, due to its anti-business POV:

"Hawaii residents tend to distinguish between family luaus and commercial luaus. Several commercial luau operations market themselves to tourists, offering package deals usually involving a bus-ride to a remote beach-side location, professionally prepared food, and professional Hawaiian-themed entertainment. Residents do not ordinarily patronize such operations. If they attend a luau, it is likely to be a backyard affair put on by family or friends."

Clearly, you have a gripe against "commercial luaus". However, many residents in Hawaii depend on the tourist industry, including luaus, for employment. "Kims" indicates Koreans, and "Kobashigawas" indicates Japanese. Do you think that black or white people can throw a "real" luau? Is any luau on the mainland necessarily "fake"? Is any luau in Hawaii necessarily "real"? Is it even necessary at all to force all luaus to fit into either the "real" or the "fake" box?

What do you mean by saying that you are "writing from a native informant perspective"? By "native informant", do you mean "racial Hawaiian"? Do you mean that you are the informant yourself? Is such a "perspective" a neutral POV?

Agent X 09:16, 7 August 2006 (UTC)

 * C'mon. I'm not Native Hawaiian. I'm a haole who's lived in Hawai'i for thirty years. I'm not even a kama'aina. But I can certainly tell the difference between the backyard luaus I've attended and the commercial luau that some misguided friends took me to see. It has nothing to do with race and everything to do with local culture. Someone from the mainland who puts on a luau-themed party (but has never experienced a local luau) is simply not going to know how it is done in Hawai'i. In the same spirit, if I decided that my daughter's wedding would be a Hindu ceremony, and I'd never been to one, nor knew any Hindus, and only had some vague idea that it involved a fire and marigold garlands, I couldn't put on a "real" Hindu wedding.

 * Anyone who has lived in Hawai'i for a long time and been to a lot of luaus could probably put on an "authentic" luau. White, black, purple, whatever.

 * As for dissing the commercial luaus ... I have no obligation to lie to support the tourist industry. The commercial luau food was atrocious. That's not to say that it couldn't be good. It's just that the demand isn't there. Foodie tourists will go to the Haliimaile General Store, not to a Lahaina tourist extravaganza. Tourist-oriented food and entertainment is often excrable, oriented towards the lowest common denominator. It's embarrassing. Cringe-making. Totally inauthentic. Tahitian dancers in coconut bras are not "Hawaiian".

 * Since I've never been able to afford the REALLY ritzy hotels, I'll guess that if they put on a luau, the food is good and the entertainment is closer to authentic. But it's a performance, not a social function. I guess I would say that the luau is defined not by food and entertainment, but by the relationship between hosts and guests. Um, let's see ... suppose someone offered a Chinese restaurant "experience" called "Chinese wedding banquet". You'd sit at tables with a bunch of strangers watching a fake bride and groom. Is that a wedding banquet? I don't think so. Zora 10:37, 7 August 2006 (UTC)

I find this sentence problematic: At these types of parties entertainment is a must. First of all, surely entertainment is a requirement of any party, so the statement is unnecessary. Second, it reads like a how-to guide for luau parties, not a neutral encyclopedic article. I think the whole section could stand to be rewritten. Chalkieperfect (talk) 20:37, 19 October 2013 (UTC)

Foods: "common"? "universal"? "traditional"?
To Zora --- If common meaons "universal", then not one of the listed foods can be verified as a "common" luau food. It is physically impossible to monitor every luau in the universe to see what food, or drink, is consumed at ALL luaus. Therefore, it is not justified to single out BEER as something to deliberately exclude from "common luau foods" because you conjecture that it is not consumed at "Mormon luaus". In fact, beer is probably consumed at more luaus in general than any other food or drink item.

One of the problems for this article is the precise definition of "traditional", as applied to food, drink, and entertainment.

Agent X 12:36, 10 August 2006 (UTC)

This article is on a thing
This article is clearly on the thing called a Luau. It is not on the word "Luau" and should not be categorized as such.John Pack Lambert (talk) 18:53, 2 February 2013 (UTC)
 * What a bizarre and utterly nonsensical statement. Do you also plan on removing the category 'Algonquian loanwords' from the Tomahawk (axe) article? Since that article is clearly about an axe, not a word. In fact according to your argument, you probably could just eliminate all such categories, since, as Wikipedia is not a dictionary, it doesn't really have many articles about 'words'.  Dlabtot (talk) 22:14, 2 February 2013 (UTC)

 * Yes I do. These articles are not on words, and classifying them as such is just plain wrong.John Pack Lambert (talk) 23:22, 6 February 2013 (UTC)
 * Since we have articles like Lady (word) the claim that I am off base ignored the reality that we have articles that are on words, but this article is clearly not one of them.John Pack Lambert (talk) 23:27, 6 February 2013 (UTC)

Lack of clarity on History.
I quote from the article: "In ancient times, including ancient Hawaii, men and woman ate their meals separately; also women and the rest of society were not allowed to eat foods that were not common or foods that were only served during special occasions."

I find this confusing; by "women and the rest of society" I understand they mean "everyone", which doesn't seem to be what the text is trying to express.

190.231.122.240 (talk) 10:10, 2 October 2014 (UTC)

Healing through beta Clee3
this is Clee3 I made the book of Cleo Cleophus Miller the third therode Roosevelt 166.196.114.3 (talk) 21:55, 7 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lūʻau


text:
Karl Dall

Karl Bernhard Dall (, 1 February 1941 – 23 November 2020) was a German comedian, singer, and television presenter. His distinctive 'hanging' eye was caused by a congenital ptosis.

Family
Karl Dall was born in Emden, the son of a school rector and a teacher. He married his wife Barbara in 1971. They had one daughter, Janina, who works as a stuntwoman in Canada. Karl Dall had two sisters and a brother. He lived in Hamburg-Eppendorf.

Career
Karl Dall left school after the 10th grade and accomplished an apprenticeship as a typesetter in a print shop in the town of Leer, East Frisia.

Together with Ingo Insterburg, Jürgen Barz and Peter Ehlebracht, he founded in 1967 the comedy group  of which he was a member until it ceased to exist in the 1970s. Moreover, he created the TV show Musikladen for Radio Bremen and had since then worked for television broadcasters.

From 1983 until 1990, Dall used to appear in the hidden camera comedy show Verstehen Sie Spaß?, playing for example a chaotic film presenter or a telephone prankster.

In the German radio broadcast of Radio Luxemburg (RTL), he presented his own comedy show and was also among the first TV presenters of television channel RTLplus. There, he had his own talkshow named Dall-As which was aired from 19 January 1985 until the end of 1991. The concept was to irritate and provoke the guests. On 4 January 1992, he continued this show at the rivalling television channel Sat.1 as Jux und Dallerei.

From 1991 until 1993, Dall presented the game show Koffer Hoffer on television channel Tele 5. In this show, lost luggage, of which the owner could not be identified anymore, was auctioned to the candidates. Later, he was member of the initial ensemble of the comedy show 7 Tage, 7 Köpfe. The spontaneous Dall left the show after a few years due to differences of opinion with Rudi Carrell who always scheduled his shows meticulously.

In September 2006, Dall's autobiography Auge zu und durch was published.

On 23 October 2020, precisely a month before his untimely death, Dall evaluated his participation as the lead in the upcoming theater-farce WIN=WIN about social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic. According to its author-producer Roger Steinmann, he seemed fit and eager, "having read the entire play within five hours".

Dall died on 23 November 2020, having suffered a stroke twelve days earlier.

Filmography

 * 1963: Apache Gold
 * 1964: Freddy in the Wild West
 * 1967:  Hotel Clausewitz
 * 1968:
 * 1969: Charley's Uncle
 * 1970: Student of the Bedroom
 * 1970: Hänsel und Gretel verliefen sich im Wald
 * 1974:
 * 1980: Panic Time
 * 1983: Gib Gas – Ich will Spass
 * 1983:  a.k.a. Dirndljagd am Kilimandscharo
 * 1983: Sunshine Reggae auf Ibiza
 * 1984: Ein irres Feeling
 * 1985: Drei und eine halbe Portion
 * 1988: Starke Zeiten
 * 1989:
 * 1999:
 * 2001: König der Winde (Short)
 * 2003:
 * 2006: Die ProSieben Märchenstunde: Rotkäppchen – Wege zum Glück (TV film)
 * 2008:  (TV film)

Awards

 * 1994: Preis der beleidigten Zuschauer (literally "Award of the offended viewers")
 * 1999: Deutscher Comedypreis Ehrenpreis für sein Lebenswerk (honorary award for his lifetime achievements)

title: Karl Dall