text:
User talk:Arwel Parry/archive 5

Bad maps
Your help and common sense is needed. User:Kelisi, has been producing some maps and trying to replace the CIA maps for several Caribbean and South American countries. In my opinion these new maps (which have more detail than the CIA maps) are vastly inferior. They use garish colours, terrible decorative fonts, use a horribly large pixel size and are generally ugly and crowded, and look terribly amateurish and like they were produced on a Commodore 64 or something. Here is a list of maps he has produced. http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3AContributions&target=Kelisi&hideminor=0&namespace=6. Perhaps the worst example is http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Brazilmap.gif. Bizarrly these maps seems to have support from a few people who have been trying to push through their inclusion on several pages. Please see talk:Panama and talk:Honduras. Jooler 09:10, 2 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Images and media for deletion votes

 * I am contacting people who previously helped to vote to delete a generally objectionable photograph by a vote of 88 to 21, and who might be unaware that immediately after that image was voted to be deleted someone posted another which was very similar in content. My objections to this, and the previous image that was voted to be deleted might be based upon reasons far different from any that you have, but I do object to it, and consider the posting of such images to be acts of asinine stupidity, which burdens the project and its major educational aims in ways that they should not be burdened, and can be extremely detrimental to the acceptance and growth of WIkipedia's use and influence. Thus far those who I believe to be in the extreme minority of Wikipedians who would like to include these images, many who have been channeled to the voting page from the article with which it is associated have dominated the voting, 23 to 12 (as of the time that I composed this message). I would like to be somewhat instrumental in shedding a bit more light upon the issue, and if possible, helping to turn the tide against its inclusion. It might also be necessary to begin making an effort to establish an explicit Wikipedia policy against explicite photographic depictions of humans engaged in erotic, auto-erotic, or quasi-erotic activities. To my limited knowledge such images have not been accepted as appropriate anywhere else within this project, and frankly I can agree with those who are casually labeled prudes for opposing their inclusion, that they should not be. Vitally important information that might be unwelcome by some is one thing that should never be deleted, but un-needed images that can eventually prevent or impede many thousands or millions of people from gaining access to the great mass of truly important information that Wikipedia provides is quite another matter. There are vitally important distinctions to be made. Whatever your reasons, or final decisions upon the matter, I am appealing for more input on the voting that is occurring at Wikipedia:Images_and_media_for_deletion. ~ Achilles † 21:39, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I have already voted on this issue. -- Arwel 22:03, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Speaking of which, I noticed your comments. The vandalism issues should be greatly resolved (on all wikis) because of the recent bugfix that disables image redirects. (See my sandbox for a demonstration, or lack thereof :). I know that the vandalism has died down greatly on en:, and I suspect (and hope) that the same has occurred at cy: and the other, smaller wikis. T IMBO  ( T A L K )  23:06, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

more cats (meeow!)
I notice you've recently been adding clubs like Glentoran and Aberdeen to Category:United Soccer Association teams - I must admit I have never heard of this organisation, and I wonder if something is wrong, since that category is itself included in Category:United States soccer clubs, so obviously something is amiss somewhere! -- Arwel 01:10, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * The United Soccer Association was a league, sanctioned by FIFA, played during the summer months in America. Instead of setting up their own teams, existing teams from around the world were paid to play under different names. E.g. Glentoran F.C. as the Detroit Cougars. Bornintheguz 17:26, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Pope Benedict Page
I honestly don't know what to put down, I just wanted to mark the page since lamers keep on altering it in inappropriat ways. Sorry.

pope template
There is a disagreement over the form of template to be used for popes. One user designed what I think was an extremely clean, visually attractive layout. One or two others replaced it with the standard and IMHO decidedly inferior version. IMHO we should be using the new version as a replacement standard, not using the inferior standard as the one to use. I have asked people to vote on the issue on Template talk:Infobox pope. Your opinions would be welcomed. Fear ÉIREANN 23:02, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

FYI - I really liked the new Pope Infobox so I have proposed that it be used for all religious leades on Infobox policy. There have been no objections so far (since Friday). If that continues I plan on helping to update the articles for the new Infobox. If you have comments, concerns please discuss there Trödel| talk 17:37, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Michael Howard
Yes, my reasoning in reverting was that while the anon was correct, the point is a technical and a very temporary one. My thought was that once the General Election was concluded we could go through and fix all the relevant articles. Mackensen (talk) 17:36, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Rail
Hey there, I randomly came across your page while looking through recent changes (I think you had just edited Wales) and noticed that you worked for British rail through privatization. I'm a transportation reporter here across the pond, one of the things I focus on is rail -- Amtrak etc -- and I'd love to pick your brain sometime about what you thought about privatization and how it's worked out there. It'd be nice to be able to get a real view of the way things worked out there from someone who isn't a politician with an axe to grind. Nothing official-like, just interested to chat between rail wonks. Drop me a note or email sometime (katefan0 at gmail dot com). · Katefan0(scribble) 21:56, Apr 30, 2005 (UTC)

Scottish Legal Tender
Thought you might be interested to know there's a few notes on the issue of Scottish legal tender on Talk:Pound sterling now; you seem to be right about pennies being legal up to 20p, according to the best legal reference I could dig up at short notice. (I'll try and chase up the actual references sometime in the next couple of weeks, and finally have something solid to rely on). Since it's possible SPICe was right after all, as the reference is a bit old, I've switched to an example using silver rather than pennies for the "up to X amount" note.

But, dear God, it's convoluted. There's the intriguing footnote that Bank of England notes are legal tender in Scotland - it just happens that they don't issue any in the right denominations to be legal tender... there seems to be some phobia of solid rules on this topic. Shimgray 01:57, 11 May 2005 (UTC)

Please Help
Salaam

I am having trouble with several of the administrators who have been deleting my article about my country (Winkaland). They are calling it "Patent Nonsense" and saying that I am schizophrenic. My article does not violate the policy which I read about Patent Nonsense. It is clear, lucid and I truly believe it would make sense to a person reading it. Obviously it discusses a country and it's monarch. I haven't even had time to address the delicate political situation with Iran and Armenia because they keep destroying my article! I admit there are very few articles on the internet about my country but that is because it is very remote and very poor and Iran and Armenia are do not recognize it (but the parthians did) so they are saying that because I do not have any evidence so it doesn't exist so I am schizophrenic. The policy I read said that there is some sort of tribunal to decide but the admin is very hostile and I became angry and their antagonizing and so we are not on good terms so I don't think I will be given a fair opportunity to challenge their application of the policy. Please help me any way you can if you have time. - Also one of their gang made some sexist demeaning remarks calling me "cute" - this was in response to my posting of a "nonsense" on his user talk page because of his arbitrary posting on mine and deletion of my challenge on the discussion page - but I was very insulted and asked for an apology and none was recieved, if you could do anything to help I would very much appreciate it. Thanks!

Wasalaam - Alveena

Heads up
might want to check out User:Arwel --Dryazan 00:29, 20 May 2005 (UTC)

Thank you! - Alveena

Manchester United/History of Manchester United
Hi,

I noticed you'd been working on Man United-related pages and could do with your opinion on something.

The history section was split out of the page last year (I think) but someone then wrote another history section in the main page. Both pages are now well over the recommended maximum size for a Wikipedia article, and it's getting to the stage where I suspect people are editing them without reading them all the way through (which would explain why the Glazer takeover is mentioned twice in Manchester United, in roughly the same amount of detail each time.

So, my idea is to create new pages for different eras in United's history, merge the relevant bits of Alex Ferguson, History of Manchester United and the History section of Manchester United into each new page and put summaries of each new page on Manchester United, with comments asking people not to make the summaries too long. The new articles would have titles like:

 * Manchester United pre-1945
 * Manchester United 1945-1968
 * Manchester United 1968-1986
 * Manchester United 1986-present

I think something like this is necessary to keep the pages manageable, but obviously don't want to make such big changes to other people's work without hearing what people think first. Please let me know what you think, at the Manchester United talk page.

Thanks, Cantthinkofagoodname 10:54, 23 May 2005 (UTC)

ok
I know so little about him I was just going on what was in the entry before thats all sorry for any harm that was caused. 24.250.217.87 21:06, 29 May 2005 (UTC) above comment was by me 578 (Yes?) 21:06, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

Michael Howard
20:40, 1 Jun 2005 131.111.8.102 (Michael Howard is very smarmy)

You do realise that I never edited anything, and that you simply reverted nothing. I simply wished to address the fact that Michael Howard is in fact very smarmy, despite the fact also that I'm a passionate conservative!
 * If it pleases you to think so.... Funny how my revert changed the picture and formatting back to how it should have been, though! One would have thought Cambridge students were brighter than to make cock-ups like that. -- Arwel 21:47, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

VFD
Just letting you know about Votes for deletion/HYP (universities) 2. If you have an opinion, please vote. I am notifying people who have been active on either side of the debate. —Lowellian (talk) 23:51, Jun 4, 2005 (UTC)

Opinion
Your opinions are earnestly sought on |Template for deletion:Crowns. To put it simply, there were various lists on crowns and state symbols buried on files, hardly touched, and full of unwritten articles. I created a series of I'd say thirty articles on crowns, types of crowns, crown jewels etc, at considerable time and effort. I created a provisional template to link the articles together, which I planned, once I had all the information in place, to separate into a series of templates as there was too much information for one large one.

SimonP, who has been waging war on templates for ages (usually as a minority of one, through he usually forces his opinion on pages - such as his deletions of the Template:Commonwealth Realms from articles on Commonwealth Realms - by wearing people down on the issue) nominated the template for deletion. While some users have praised the template for creating a workable themed group with a visual unity via the template, a couple of people are determined to delete the template and use their beloved, hideously ugly, lists, the same lists that had proved to be a dead end for all these articles before.

The antics of SimonP makes me wonder why bother doing any serious work here, when all one get is attempts by a small number of people to replace professionally laid out information by visually unattractive, frequently complicated and because of the ease of edits, perrennially inaccurate long lists. I would very much like to hear your views on the matter on the TfD page linked above. Fear ÉIREANN (talk) 21:40, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Images of notes
Hi Arwel (bore da?), thanks for your response on the Talk:British banknotes page. Has there been a big discussion somewhere about the use of images of British banknotes, because I would imagine pictures of currency to be a fairly strong contender to be fair use. I did notice there's also no images of coins, either; presumably the same situation exists? Proto 14:26, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Hi Proto. It's "P'nawn da" at that time of day!. We used to have (over a year ago) a large picture of the Series D £1 note on British banknotes (provided by me), then someone stupidly went and asked the Bank of England if we could put pictures of their notes on the site and they explicitly said "no" - so it had to go. For the series E notes, the BoE has for the first time stuck a © symbol on all their notes, so we can't just rip them off either. -- Arwel 21:53, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Booooo to the Bank of England. Diolch yn fawr. Proto 10:59, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

History of rail transport in Great Britain
Thankyou, Arwel, for your comment on my talk page and your kind remark - I have just seen it. I have in mind now the addition of a separate heading Electrification of the railways (or some such title) since I have noticed that this is only mentioned en passant - and there is also no main article on it. There was one - Suburban electrification of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway - a very poor one which I have rewritten, but that is all. Many station/line articles mention electrification, but none to pull them all together. It is a big project, so will take a while. Peter Shearan 08:19, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Trident Television
Hi Arwel

I've spoken to Shelagh Graham, daughter of the late JP Graham, the company secretary of Tyne Tees and later Trident Television.

She reports that Anglia was never the third prong (with TTT and YTV). The third prong was always the company's "other interests" - a zoo and later the Playboy brand in the UK!

She thinks people think Anglia was the third prong to be because of Trident Anglia, their joint sales company in the US.

I confess to not being sure what to believe - it strikes me as more likely that Anglia was to be a prong; but this is evidence (almost) from the horse's mouth.

What do you reckon?

Redvers 08:41, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Oooh! Interesting question. I've just done a Google, and found this which seem to imply in the section "The easy ride and the hard fall" that Anglia was intended to merge with YTV and TTT, though I must admit that several of the other links I've found seem to back up Ms Graham's view. I won't object if you take out the reference to Anglia - I think "Trident Anglia" has muddied the waters a bit. The problem with doing Google searches these days is that so many of the results are mirrors of Wikipedia! (even something called biologydaily.com!). -- Arwel 12:29, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)

I've made the change, plus added some items suggested by Marknew in the mark-up. Let me know your opinions (if you have any!)

Ta

Redvers 21:23, 19 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Clarification on German spelling
I noticed your comment on User talk:128.205.163.96 in which you metion that ß is no longer recognized as official in German, and I felt the need to correct your misapprehension. In fact, the recent changes in German spelling did not eliminate ß, but merely limit the circumstances in which it appears, namely after long vowels and dipthongs, but never in between two vowels of equal stress or following a short vowel. So for instance, der Fuß is correct but der Fluß is now incorrect (although still used as the reforms are of mixed popularity; the few major papers to officially switch over have - to the best of my knowledge - changed their minds).

As a result, große is perfectly correct in German (see de:Friedrich II. (Preußen)). I do agree that using special German characters in the English wikipedia should be minimized, but I got the impression you may have been misled on the German spelling reform. --Laura Scudder | Talk 08:25, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * OK, thanks. -- Arwel 10:53, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Poll
There is a poll in the talk page of the Macedonian Slavs article here:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Macedonian_Slavs#The_poll

Some people are lobbying for changing the article's name to Macedonian without any qualifier. As it seems, a number of these people come from the Macedonian/Macedonian Slav wikipedia project. It seemed only fair to attract the attention of people possibly from the other side of the story .I hope that this message is of interest to you, if not please accept my apologies.

Azerbaijan vs. Azerbaidzhan
The correct spelling is Azerbaidzhan. It is spelled this way in my passport. Google gives about 19,700 results. Also the main encyclopedias give this spelling... Musah 22:50, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC)

History of the English penny
Hi there -

I added the formerFA template because we are cleaning up the WP:FARC archives, moving all pages to transcluded subpages. Adding either formerFA or FARCfailed to the talk pages of the relevant articles should make it easier to find old FARC discussions, whether a page loses its "featured" or not. There is some discussion in Wikipedia talk:Featured article removal candidates.

The discussion of this article dates back to July 2004 and was previously in an old FARC archive page (Featured article removal candidates/archive/March to July 2004) but now in its own subpage, Featured article removal candidates/History of the English penny. The discussion was pretty much unanimous for removal of featured status. From the article's talk page history, the featured template was not removed for some reason until September 2004. It is not listed in Featured articles.

Thanks for the message: I have fixed the template to point to the subpage now rather than the general archive. -- ALoan (Talk) 15:46, 24 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Champions League stuff
Hmm... I'll have to check out your sandbox article soon! BTW, the only thing I know about that club you asked about is that they're from Belarus, which you probably figured out for yourself.  Dale Arnett 20:01, 25 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Category:UK Wikipedians
Hi, just to let you know that the list of UK participants at the UK notice board was getting rather long, so I have replaced it with the above category. I was about to add it to your user page but saw that it is protected against editing, so I'll leave it to you to add yourself. -- Francs2000 | Talk 30 June 2005 18:46 (UTC)

British county names (again)
A year or so ago you kindly helped out with developing a policy on this. It's all going pear-shaped and I, for one, would be grateful if you'd take another look. I've raised an RfC or you can go straight to the Project's talk page. Thanks. Chris Jefferies 7 July 2005 15:51 (UTC)

Text conversion of football squads
I forget which user's IP address it is which was doing this - but I'm reverting all the changes he/she made. You are right in saying that it looks grotesque on the screen, and since this was done without any consultation with any users or even with the brain of the IP user involved, I feel it only right to revert the changes.

I hope this is okay with you - I can understand if I get bombarded with criticism. I can take it. -whimper- I suppose. Bobo192 | Edits

 * Hehe. Now to check that whoever it was that changed them in the first place hasn't just gone and reverted them back..! Thanks for your support. Bobo192 | Edits

Fulham F.C. and more on text conversion
How do you feel now on the matter? I've just been requested reasons for my removing of text boxes by A.K.A.47 and now I don't know where I stand on the matter. Which version would you prefer? Bobo192 | Edits

 * Agreed. Naturally where we don't need flags (such as national teams), sometimes bolded role letters is a nice neat solution, but both being used is indeed slightly over the top in my opinion, and besides, you are right, FW or F for forward should be used instead. Thank you. Bobo192 | Edits

Nassar image
I got this picture from a website listing the most wanted terrorists. I'm sure that people are free to reproduce it, as that would be helping to catch the terrorists. However, I don't know exactly what license I would be able to use it under... Thanks for the warning though.Heraclius 00:58, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

Barnstar
I hereby award you this barnstar for you excellent work in creating spoken Wikipedia articles. Your pace is steady and your tone is light. Your accent, besides being useful for pronouncing Welsh words, also brings character to the 'pedia. I hope you make many more. – Quadell (talk) (sleuth) 15:48, July 19, 2005 (UTC)

 * Hey! Thanks :) -- Arwel 17:31, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

Elizabeth II renaming (round XXXIV)
You may have noticed *mega sigh* that yet another user has dragged up the lets rename Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom farce, only 9 days after the last vote ended. I have proposed instead this vote on Talk:Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom page:

That Wikipedia stop wasting time on endless revoting on this goddamned issue and ban votes on this issue from this page for at least six months.

Hopefully this will put this nonsense to bed for at least 6 months. Your (hopefully final) vote would be welcome. Fear ÉIREANN \(caint) 21:02, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

Sockpuppet
Arwel,

If you get a chance, could you keep an eye out for a sockpuppet from Canberra (almost certainly the banned user Skyring who is targeting royal articles and the Bob Geldof article for reversions. He has been mounting a stalking campaign against me (that is why he was banned.) I've been blocking his sockpuppets all right. He is bound to come back for the umpteenth time tonight. He is particularly targeting George VI of the United Kingdom, Bob Geldof and some other articles because I edited them lately. I'm going to protect the above two but he is bound to try other royal articles now.

Thanks for any help you can give.

Fear ÉIREANN \(caint) 00:05, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I'll just fire up my copy of CDVF for 45 minutes or so before bed... -- Arwel 00:08, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

Alexandra whatsit
Your opinion would be appreciated in the vote I've started at Talk:Alexandra Fyodorovna of Hesse. Deb 22:35, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm honestly in two minds on this one. Alexandra Fyodorovna is undoubtedly the name she's best known as, but "of Hesse"? I have to admit that when I saw "Alix of Hesse" I thought "who's she?", so I think I'd better sit this one out, sorry. -- Arwel 23:52, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

21 July 2005 London explosions
I blocked the vandal who was causing the problems at 21 July 2005 London explosions (69.134.118.200). I think you can basically just revert to the 17:04, 21 July 2005 version. Thue | talk 15:25, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks. I think I managed to get back to a sensible version. It's unprotected now anyway. Are you sure it was vandalism and not just the section duplication bug when there's lots of simulataneous edits? -- Arwel 15:29, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Pretty sure; All the users edits were duplications of material, in between other forms of vandalism. An incomplete survey gave me the impression that that user was the sole cause of the duplication (he did it again after it was fixed). Thue | talk 15:35, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

WikiProject Football
I noticed you've made a lot of edits to football articles and wondered if you'd like to join WikiProject Football. It's still new and there isn't a lot happening yet, but we're hoping to get things like a football collaboration of the (week/fortnight/whatever) going soon.

CTOAGN 19:07, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

Hi
Hi ! Nice to meet you. But I don't think we ever met on fr: or en:... --Pontauxchats 07:56, 29 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Arwel Parry/archive 5


text:
User talk:Zhukovsky~enwiki

The Ebb and Flow band article
Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. --Blackcap | talk 17:28, September 1, 2005 (UTC)

Disputed fair use rationale for Image:Timetoecholocatecover.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Timetoecholocatecover.jpg. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read the instructions at Non-free content carefully, then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies for fair use. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot (talk) 02:36, 12 February 2008 (UTC)

Possibly unfree File:EF29.jpg
A file that you uploaded or altered, File:EF29.jpg, has been listed at Possibly unfree files because its copyright status is unclear or disputed. If the file's copyright status cannot be verified, it may be deleted. You may find more information on the file description page. You are welcome to add comments to its entry at if you are interested in it not being deleted. Thank you. -- Skier Dude ( talk  02:18, 21 November 2010 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Zhukovsky. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Zhukovsky~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 03:33, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 20:52, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image File:Timetoecholocatecover.jpg
 Thanks for uploading File:Timetoecholocatecover.jpg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described in the criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. --B-bot (talk) 04:05, 24 November 2015 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Zhukovsky~enwiki


text:
Gijsbert Haan

Gijsbert Haan or alternate spelling Gysbert Haan (January 3, 1801 – July 27, 1874) was the leader in the 1857 Secession of Dutch-Americans from the Reformed Church in America, and the creator of the Christian Reformed Church in the United States and Canada.

Life prior to secession
Born in Hilversum, North Holland, Netherlands on January 3, 1801, Gijsbert grew up as a member of the Reformed Church in Hilversum. He was married to Marritje Pos (September 28, 1800 - August 26, 1876) after he learned that she was pregnant due to an affair several months before. Over the course of their marriage, they had at least 13 children, 10 of whom survived into adulthood. On July 26, 1847, due to social and religious persecution as well as severe famine, Haan and his family emigrated from the Netherlands on the passenger ship Centurion. Under the guidance of Albertus van Raalte they established a colony in Holland, Michigan. In 1850 they aligned themselves with the Reformed Church in America (RCA). At that point, they were considered to be a classis (a "governing body of a group of churches in the Reformed system, made up of clergymen [and] ruling elders...") within the RCA.

Although most churches within the classis were content with their affiliation to the RCA, one church under the leadership of Haan found that the RCA was inadequate. Haan warned that the RCA "was not sound". This was reminiscent of a former schism in the Netherlands when the Reformed Churches in the Netherlands separated from the Dutch Reformed Church because of its supposed "theological laxity". Over time, dissension began to grow largely due to Haan's preaching against the RCA.

Secession
In 1857 Haan's followers sent documents of secession to the classis in an attempt to garner support for an exodus from the RCA. The principal arguments in the document were that the RCA conducted "open communion", sang hymns whose lyrics were not based on Biblical psalms, overlooked catechism preaching, and did not support the secession in the Netherlands. Although the classis did not approve of the secession documents, one church did decide to leave the RCA in January 1857. Soon, other churches followed suit. In 1859 these secessionist churches became the True Dutch Reformed Church. The denomination then endured several name changes until 1904 when it adopted its present name, the Christian Reformed Church (CRC).

The CRC began as a Dutch immigrant church in the 1850s and continued to attract mainly Dutch constituents. The church population has increased at times of heavy Dutch immigration. The church in Canada gained new members after an influx of people from the Netherlands following World War II. The CRC has also gained members who were unhappy with and left the RCA for various reasons. For example, some people who were unhappy with the RCA's decision to permit members to join the Freemasons united with the CRC in the 1880s. On the other hand, the CRC also lost several congregations in 1882 that supported the Freemasons.

Post-secession
Haan continued to preach in the newly founded CRC until his death in 1874. Some of his children and many of his grandchildren and great-grandchildren became leaders in the CRC. His great-granddaughter Irene, served on the faculty at Hope College. Most of the congregations consisted of immigrants. Therefore services were held in the Dutch language in the early years. By the turn of the 20th century, CRC congregations could be found in several US states with services held in both Dutch and English. Haan died in 1874 of liver disease in Grand Rapids, Michigan.

title: Gijsbert Haan


text:
Christmas (Chris Isaak album)

Christmas is a 2004 album by Chris Isaak released on Warner Bros. Records.

Track listing
All tracks composed by Chris Isaak; except where indicated

 * 1) "Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer" (Johnny Marks) – 2:12
 * 2) "Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas" (Hugh Martin, Ralph Blane) – 3:10
 * 3) "Santa Claus Is Coming to Town" (J. Fred Coots, Haven Gillespie) – 2:30
 * 4) "Washington Square" – 3:22
 * 5) "Blue Christmas" (Bill Hayes, Jay Johnson) – 2:20
 * 6) "The Christmas Song" (Mel Tormé, Robert Wells) – 2:47
 * 7) "Hey Santa!" – 2:43
 * 8) "Let It Snow" (Sammy Cahn, Jule Styne) – 2:29
 * 9) "Christmas on TV" – 2:19
 * 10) "Pretty Paper" (Willie Nelson) – 2:33
 * 11) "White Christmas" (Irving Berlin) – 2:32
 * 12) "Mele Kalikimaka" (Robert Alex Anderson) – 1:56
 * 13) "Brightest Star" – 3:03
 * 14) "Last Month of the Year" (Traditional) – 2:14
 * 15) "Gotta Be Good" – 2:42
 * 16) "Auld Lang Syne" (Traditional) – 1:09

 * Australian edition bonus tracks
 * 1) "I'll Be Home for Christmas" (Kim Gannon, Walter Kent, Buck Ram) – 2:48
 * 2) "Santa Bring My Baby Back" (Claude Demetrius, Aaron Schroeder)– 2:12

Personnel
with:
 * Chris Isaak - vocals, guitar
 * Hershel Yatovitz - guitar, vocals
 * Rowland Salley - bass, vocals
 * Kenney Dale Johnson - drums, vocals
 * Stevie Nicks - vocals, percussion
 * Jamie Muhoberac, Jimmy Pugh, Mark Isham, Patrick Warren, Rafael Padilla, Robin DiMaggio, Scott Plunkett - additional musicians
 * Bob Joyce, David Joyce, Jon Joyce, Walt Harrah - backing vocals
 * Technical
 * Mark Needham - recording, mixing
 * Michael Tsay - photography

title: Christmas (Chris Isaak album)


text:
Ann Wagner

Ann Louise Wagner (née Trousdale, September 13, 1962) is an American politician and former diplomat serving as the U.S. representative for Missouri's 2nd congressional district. A member of the Republican Party, she was the United States ambassador to Luxembourg from 2005 to 2009.

Her district, based in St. Louis County, is heavily suburban and the state's wealthiest. It includes most of St. Louis's southern and western suburbs as well as some of the northern exurbs in St. Charles County and the northern part of Jefferson County. Before her diplomatic post, Wagner chaired the Missouri Republican Party from 1999 until 2005; she co-chaired the Republican National Committee for four years, starting in 2001. She is generally regarded as being part of the moderate bloc of her party.

Early life and education
Wagner was born and raised in St. Louis. Her parents owned two carpet stores where she worked growing up. She attended Cor Jesu Academy, a private Catholic all-girls school in South County, and graduated from the University of Missouri in 1984 with a BSBA from the business school with an emphasis in logistics. After college, she worked in the private sector and held management positions at Hallmark Cards in Kansas City and Ralston Purina in St. Louis.

1990s
Wagner entered Republican politics in 1990, heading the GOP's efforts during the decennial redistricting of Missouri. In 1992, she was state director of President George H. W. Bush's unsuccessful reelection campaign.

Missouri GOP
Wagner was elected to her first term of office as chair of the Missouri Republican Party in 1999, becoming the first woman to occupy the position. Her most notable achievement in that role came during her second two-year term, when she oversaw the party's taking majority control of both chambers of the Missouri General Assembly, winning the Senate in a 2001 special election and the House in the 2002 general election, the first time this had been seen in over 40 years. During her third term, the party held its majorities in both chambers and also took the governor's seat for the first time in 12 years with Matt Blunt's election in 2004, giving the GOP complete control of state government for the first time since 1921. Her six years as chairperson witnessed George W. Bush carry Missouri in both of his presidential bids and also saw the Republican Party win a majority of the state's congressional delegation.

National campaigning
In 2001, Wagner took office as a co-chair of the Republican National Committee and helped preside over the 2004 Republican National Convention. In this position, she took a strong role in directing the development of the Winning Women initiative, whose aim was to improve the GOP's image with women and demonstrate the relevance of its platform to them. Her work with the committee took her to 48 states. In January 2005, she left her role as co-chair after one term.

In 2004, Wagner was a fundraising "ranger" for President George W. Bush.

U.S. ambassadorship
On February 20, 2005, Wagner was elected to a fourth term as chair of the Missouri Republican Party. On May 16, Bush nominated her as United States ambassador to Luxembourg. On July 16, 2005, she was confirmed in the post by a voice vote in the United States Senate, after which Senator Jim Talent said she was "a considerate woman, whose character and abilities uniquely qualify her to represent our nation."

On August 1, she was sworn in as Ambassador by U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice in the Benjamin Franklin Room of the Harry S Truman Building.

2010 U.S. Senate election
After returning from Luxembourg, Wagner served as chair of Roy Blunt's 2010 U.S. Senate campaign. Blunt defeated Missouri Secretary of State Robin Carnahan, 54%–41%.

2011 RNC chair election
On November 29, 2010, Wagner sent a video message to the committee members of the Republican National Committee announcing she was running for RNC chair. The election was held in January 2011, and Wagner conceded after the sixth round after receiving 17 votes. Wisconsin Republican Party chair Reince Priebus won.

2012

Wagner announced her candidacy for Missouri's 2nd congressional district after incumbent Representative Todd Akin announced his candidacy for U.S. Senate. Wagner was endorsed by New Jersey Governor Chris Christie, former Arkansas Governor Mike Huckabee, former U.S. Attorney General John Ashcroft, and the anti-abortion women's group the Susan B. Anthony List. She won the four-way Republican primary—the de facto election given the lack of support for Democratic nominee Glenn Koenen —with 66% of the vote. In November, she won the general election by 23 points.

Wagner is the third Republican woman elected to Congress from Missouri (after Jo Ann Emerson and Vicky Hartzler), and the second who was not elected as a stand-in for her husband (after Hartzler; Emerson was originally elected to finish out the term of her late husband, Bill Emerson).

2014
In her first bid for reelection, Wagner ran unopposed in the Republican primary and easily won the general election, increasing her margin of victory from 2012.

2018
Wagner had a closer-than-expected race against Democratic attorney Cort VanOstran, but prevailed with 51.2% of the vote to VanOstran's 47.2%. It was only the third time since 1986 that a Democrat had managed even 40% of the vote in this district.

2020
Wagner was considered potentially vulnerable due to the surprisingly close margin in 2018 and President Donald Trump's unpopularity in suburban areas. State senator Jill Schupp, whose state senate district covers much of the St. Louis County portion of the congressional district, won the Democratic nomination unopposed.

By the fall of 2020, The Cook Political Report listed the race as a toss-up. Wagner defeated Schupp by just over six percentage points. At the same time, Trump carried the 2nd by only 115 votes, a marked turnabout from his 11-point win in 2016. It was the closest that a Democratic presidential nominee had come to carrying the district since it lost its share of St. Louis after the 1980 census.

2022
Wagner was reelected in 2022, defeating Trish Gunby.

Tenure
In 2016, Wagner made headlines by withdrawing her endorsement for the GOP nominee for president, Donald Trump. Wagner's position on Trump changed several times since her initial endorsement in September; in October she withdrew her support and called on Trump to step down, but in November walked that statement back and voiced her intention to vote for Trump.

On May 4, 2017, Wagner voted for the American Health Care Act, which would have repealed Obamacare.

Wagner was one of 126 House Republicans who signed an amicus brief in support of Texas v. Pennsylvania, a lawsuit filed at the United States Supreme Court contesting the results of the 2020 presidential election.

Wagner voted to certify both Arizona's and Pennsylvania's results in the 2021 United States Electoral College vote count.

On July 19, 2022, Wagner and 46 other Republican Representatives voted for the Respect for Marriage Act, which would codify the right to same-sex marriage in federal law.

Legislation sponsored
The following is an incomplete list of legislation Wagner has sponsored:
 * Retail Investor Protection Act (H.R. 2374; 113th Congress) – a bill that would delay the Department of Labor's regulations on when a financial advisor must be considered a fiduciary.
 * Stop Advertising Victims of Exploitation Act of 2014 (H.R. 4225; 113th Congress) – a bill that would prohibit knowingly benefiting financially from, receiving anything of value from, or distributing advertising that offers a commercial sex act in a manner that violates federal criminal code prohibitions against sex trafficking of children or of any person by force, fraud, or coercion. The bill would make it a felony to post prostitution ads online. Wagner said that Congress was "taking steps towards ending what I would call modern-day slavery." She argued that her bill had been reviewed by the Justice Department in an attempt to ensure that it did not violate the First Amendment to the United States Constitution's guarantee of the right to free speech, that the House had not passed any legislation on human trafficking in 13 years, and that "our efforts to combat sex trafficking need to be updated to match the problem as it stands today."
 * Retail Investor Protection Act (HR 1090; 114th Congress)—a revised version of legislation Wagner sponsored that would delay the DOL's regulations regarding fiduciary advisors that passed the House on October 27, 2015, by a vote of 245–186.

Committee assignments
For the 118th Congress:
 * Committee on Financial Services
 * Subcommittee on Capital Markets (Chair)
 * Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations
 * Committee on Foreign Affairs
 * Subcommittee on Europe
 * Subcommittee on the Indo-Pacific

Caucus memberships

 * Republican Study Committee
 * Congressional Constitution Caucus
 * Congressional Coalition on Adoption

Personal life
Ann is married to Ray Wagner Jr., a former director of the Missouri Department of Revenue and the Illinois Department of Revenue. They live in Ballwin, a western suburb of St. Louis. They have three children.

Ann's mother-in-law was Loretto Wagner, a noted anti-abortion activist.

Wagner is Roman Catholic.

title: Ann Wagner


text: User talk:82.36.154.215

title: User talk:82.36.154.215


text:
User talk:Saurabhb

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, you can post to the help desk or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! -  BanyanTree 17:29, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Mahitgar 17:28, 19 October 2006 (UTC)

Welcome from User:AlMac|(talk)
Hi, I am a newcomer to Wiki templates, and I rarely program in HTML so you might have better luck getting someone else to advise you. I suggest you post question at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Userboxes where a lot of Wikipedians hang out who are much more proficient at this stuff then me.
 * The University of Aberdeen Scotland was where my mother and father taught Math in the Graduate dept (ie. for undergraduates who had graduated to a higher level of studies) until about 1955 1956. I was born in Aberdeen in 1944 and kind of remember WHERE the secondary schools were that I attended, but not their names. Here is web page of my kid sister Susan, who is 6 years younger than me, that includes links to info about our parents.

User:AlMac|(talk) 00:38, 30 December 2005 (UTC)

RE:Your message
It is considered a fair-use image, which means it is to be used for the purpose of articles, and not on templates or userpages. Userboxes with fair-use images may soon be deleted so we are working on ensuring none have them. Oxford does, would yo like to help out and remove them :) Ian13ID:540053 19:50, 2 January 2006 (UTC)

re: Longewala
Yes, I admit I should have put it in quotes or with the appropriate note/source mentioning it in the first place. I'll get back to my original sources and add them appropriately. And yes, I can see that you are an Indian, courtesy your name. :) Cheers --Idleguy 14:51, 3 January 2006 (UTC)

Vishva Hindu Parishad
The section "Place in History and the Future" was added by an anonymous poster last July. I agree it's flagrantly POV, so I removed it. Was this the only problem with the article? Bhumiya 17:29, 14 January 2006 (UTC)

Detective work
Ah ha, found out! PMJ 16:31, 8 August 2006 (UTC)

CIS is cancer?
Hello Saurabhb, on june 6th you asked me:
 * "I was wondering, if strictly speaking, a CIS is actually Cancer?...personally, I think you can only label a tumour as 'cancer' once it shows signs either of Invasion or metastasis. However the term 'Cancer' seems also to be used to refer to CIS..for e.g patients with Ductal Carcinoma in situ are referred to as having 'cancer'..is this correct?"

Briefly, this question reflects the inaccuracy of the term "cancer". This term is not used in formal medical terminology because it is not accurate enough. But, because it is so popular, doctors are forced to call "cancer" a variety of neoplastic diseases for the sake of clarity.

To answer your question, "cancer" usually describes a tumour able to kill its host. Carcinoma in situ (CIS) usually does not kill. However, CIS could be called "cancer" when it requires a radical treatment, like surgery or radiotherapy. For example, I think a woman with DCIS can say that she lost her breast to cancer.

You may also know that there is one exception to the rule that CIS does not kill: brochio-alveolar carcinoma of the lung. Pathologically, this neoplasm is CIS but it is rarely described as such because it readily kills its host by drowning in mucus. BAC is therefore called "cancer" without hesitation.

I hope this helps. Emmanuelm 14:59, 28 August 2006 (UTC)

Invitation for WikiProject Maharashtra
Hi ,

A new project has been created, to exclusively deal with Maharashtra and Marathi-related articles. You are invited to join the WikiProject Maharashtra. The project aims to develop Marathi and Maharashtra-related articles to Featured Article-status. You can join the WikiProject by adding your username here. However, don't forget to visit the project page. This is of course, a sister project of Portal:Maharashtra. Come, join us in developing Wikipedia. Thanks,

And HAPPY DIWALI !!!

-- N R S | T/M\B 15:47, 21 October 2006 (UTC)

Your awesone!
Thank you for existing in the world.

Happy New Year! PEACE to you !!!

contact me at MySpace username: thepoweroftheuniverse

I would love to get to know you!

Creating a larger circle.

Karen

Hello
Well, well, well. Maybe there's more but they haven't bothered to mention that they are here! You seem to speak a few more languages than me...

WP:INDIA Tagging for WP:Maharashtra with TinucherianBot
Please see Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Maharashtra. Your attention and help is requested .You are receiving this note as you are the member of the project. --  TinuCherian  (Wanna Talk?) - 09:07, 15 June 2008 (UTC)

Message from Suyogaerospace
I have created a Barnister for Maharashtra potral it can be found over here This message was sent by User:Printer222 as per request of Suyogaerospace (talk) using AWB. You recicved this message as you are a member of WikiProject Maharashtra. Cheers Printer222 (talk) 08:59, 8 July 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Saurabhb


text: Template:Mayors of Belgrade

title: Template:Mayors of Belgrade


text:
Talk:On War

Reference re-added
A reference was removed without explanation. It has been re-added, as it was used to add content to the article on August 23, 2005. Per Wikipedia policy, a reference must be provided when information is "gleaned from an external souce." As that is the case here, to remove the reference would put the article in copyright violation. Uriah923 17:31, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

Value of ON content and quality of reference
The content added from the ON reference remains in this article, but the reference has been removed. This action is disputed and a conversation is ongoing here. Uriah923 06:25, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

Questions regarding the debunking of von Clausewitz critics
Clausewitz's On War and common misinterpretations of the Clausewitz (... missing words here?) have been the basis for modern military doctrine from the Peace of Westphalia onward. (How does a book published in 1832 provide the basis for doctrine since 1648?) I agree that On War is a product of its time, but what is not appreciated in the rebuttal of its critics is that the eastern methods of warfare are quite different (from what?) and offer a different approach to warfare. One of the great differences is that eastern warfare is prosecuted at the physical, morale and economic levels. (Does anyone seriously believe that Western warfare lacks physical, moral/psychological, or economic elements?) Sun Tsu was able to impart this in far fewer pages than Clausewitz, even including the 36 Strategies and the Lost Art of War by Sun Bin.

What is clear is that Clausewitz emphasises the commanders' and rulers' parts in warfare, but eastern methods are intended to be applicable to all levels (eastern warfare believes that strategy is applicable at the level of personal combat as well as of armies). The reason for this is that the eastern emphasis is on the mind of the opponent. The real difference is that it is presumed in the West that one soldier is the same as any other soldier. (Which is why Clausewitz wasted so much time talking about the differences in the character of various commanders and armies?) In the east an emphasis is placed on individual skills and characteristics.

In modern times we face an opponent that uses Eastern methods. These can be effective against more Western-type state militaries (e.g., Hezbolla vs. Israel 2006). (Just as Western methods can be effective against Eastern forces--accepting those false categories for the sake of argument.)

The point of all this is that it seems that the criticism of Clausewitz is appropriate.

As for the note at the end of the article, I believe that B.H. Liddell Hart is correct in that if Sun Tsu's methods had been in use instead of Clausewitz's, Europe might have been spared much of the damage (of what?). If outstanding strategists had followed Sun Tsu in Europe, then they might have found victories without fighting. (Which is why the Chinese Civil War did so little damage?) India's Ghandi (Gandhi?) is a good example, Vietnam is also a good example of Western and Eastern methods in conflict. (Communism is a Western political philosophy.) Notice that in the South most damage was confined to strategic targets, while in the North carpet bombing attempted to destroy the civilian and military infrastructure. And by the way the West lost that conflict.

As for the roles of violent emotions, chance, and human reason in the art of war, well, the best warriors that I know are cold blooded, leave very little to chance (absurd), and attempt to cause insanity in the opposition thru the methods common to Sun Tsu, Musashi, Boyd, etc.

Maybe the page should not contain so much opinion on Clausewitz's critics and more on what is in On War--i.e., more explanation of Clausewitz's theories and the misinterpretations thereof.

Opinion vs Interpretation
I'm puzzled how the previous commentator proposes to focus on interpretations and misinterpretations and thereby dispense with all this "opinion." A balanced treatment (which is, I believe, what Wikipedia aims for) should contain both sides of the argument. When I edited this earlier, I removed none of the negative assessments (though I tried to clarify them). These criticisms are especially odd coming in the context of an essay that is about Sun Tzu and the delusions of "Eastern warfare" fans rather than about the subject at hand. In the meantime, I have partially corrected his spelling and grammar so that we can argue about content and not merely about poor writing.:-)

General Information about Vom Krieg and Clausewitz' ideas + spelling errors.
As the title suggests, I fixed the article by adding on to it more general ideas and information about the book. Also there were couple spelling mistakes I fixed.

Xelnanga 15:48, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

One Of the first books on war ???
well 'The Art of War' was actually written 2400 years earlier. So for it to be 'one of the first' i think that it would at least be in ancient times instead of 19th century europe. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.63.119.116 (talk) 03:22, 9 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Please read more carefully what the article says. It's the first modern military work. Art of War is very old. It's ancient and is not considered to be the modern military art we know as is today. Xelnanga 04:48, 9 November 2007 (UTC)

The final paragraph appears to be original work about On War
The final paragraph:

On the other hand, Clausewitz never saw these 20th-century states and armies--the states with which he himself was familiar were quite different. In any case, the "Clausewitzian Trinity" that Van Creveld condemns as consisting of a rigid statistic hierarchy of "People, Army, and Government," does not in fact consist of those three concrete actors. In fact, the words people, army, and government appear nowhere in the paragraph in which Clausewitz defines his famous Trinity. Rather, the Trinity of forces that drive the course of real-world war in Clausewitz's view are 1) violent emotion, 2) the interplay of chance and probability, and 3) political motive acting on reason. It seems unlikely that emotion, chance, and rationality will cease to play a role in war any time soon, whatever the fate of the state.

Doesn't list or note references and appears to be an original defense of Clausewitz's Trinity of forces. Does this originate from the Brodie text? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Mouseodoom (talk • contribs) 21:44, 30 June 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:On War


text:
Mayhill

Mayhill is a district of Swansea, Wales, situated on historic Townhill, a 175m high landform north west of the city centre, the urban geography of which is divided between the Townhill district to the west and Mayhill to the east. Mayhill is part of the Townhill electoral ward.

History
Before the urban development of the area it was occupied mostly by farmland established after the 1762 Act of Enclosure of what was formerly common land. A water course known as the Washing Lake (or, in Welsh, Nant y Prys) which supplied the town before reservoir storage was developed in the 19th century originates on Mayhill and survives to the present day, passing through what is now the Hillside Wildlife Corridor. Gibbet Hill on Mayhill was the historic place of the “lord’s gallows” where, in the Middle Ages, executions took place and corpses were left hanging where they could be seen from the town centre. A Jewish burial ground on the lower slopes of Mayhill dates from 1768. The first asylum house for the mentally ill to have been opened in Wales was established in Mayhill by Dr Thomas Hobbes in 1815.

Mayhill was one the first areas of Swansea to benefit from the development of council housing in the early years of the 20th century when Swansea Borough Council sought to address the issue of the poor quality of the housing stock available to working class families. One of the first projects it authorised was the Baptist Well Estate, a scheme for 142 terraced houses which included Shelley and Byron Crescents (subsequently renamed High View and Long Ridge respectively), built in 1910 on the lower slopes of Mayhill. Influenced by the housing reform movement of the time, the Council went on to organise an exhibition in 1910 of newly designed Garden city style houses which became allocated to a site in Mayhill. The exhibition houses were built at Llewelyn Circle(1-7, 12-13 and 18-22), Tan y Marian Road(1-5 ) and Nicander Parade (1-8 and 11-14). Altogether 29 houses were built on Mayhill by 1914. The Council's own Direct Administration unit built 11-25 Tan y Marian Road and 2 to 12 Islwyn Road. The Council's plans to expand the Mayhill Garden City development had to be deferred until the mid-1920s due to the outbreak of the First World War.

Swansea Blitz
Over a period of three days from 19 February 1941 during the Second World War, successive German bombing raids caused devastation in Swansea in what became known as the Swansea Blitz. During one such raid on 20 February 1941, fourteen homes were destroyed and twenty-four residents and another six firemen and civil defence volunteers perished at Teilo Crescent, Mayhill. A memorial plaque in Teilo Crescent commemorates the lost lives and those of others from Mayhill and the neighbouring Townhill district killed during the war.

Mayhill district
Mayhill is geographically divided into Mayhill South (Mayhill Garden City) and Mayhill North (Mountain View) by Townhill Road. It is in the Townhill ward.

The south side of Mayhill overlooks the city centre, docklands and Swansea Bay. A prominent landmark on Mayhill, visible from the city centre and Hafod, is Sea View Primary School designed by the Swansea Borough architect, Ernest Morgan. The north side of Mayhill looks out towards the northern districts of Swansea and onwards towards the mountainous terrain of the Brecon Beacons.

Mayhill features several park and nature reserve areas, including Bryn y Don park, the Hillside Wildlife Corridor and a Site of Special Scientific Interest on the border of Townhill, opposite Our Lady of Lourdes Roman Catholic church. The largest open space recreational area is around Sea View Primary School and includes parkland, small wooded areas, and heathland. There are woodland areas between Waun Wen Road and Townhill Road.

West End F.C. play at Pryderi Park Stadium in the area.

title: Mayhill


text:
Mount Pleasant, Swansea

Mount Pleasant is a suburban neighbourhood of Swansea, Wales. The area is centred on the main road, called Mount Pleasant, immediately to the north of Swansea city centre, which connects the city centre to the Townhill and Mayhill districts to the north. It falls within the Castle ward. The demographic of the area changed in recent years with the expansion of the former Swansea Metropolitan University campus on the main Mount Pleasant road and the arrival of a substantial student population.

Mount Pleasant has terraced housing to the north with larger semi-detached houses overlooking its southern slopes. The Mount Pleasant Estate, a substantial development of four parallel roads of back-to-back terraced housing completed in 1900.

Constitution Hill, one of the steepest in Swansea, leads up towards Mount Pleasant from the city centre. It is a steep, sloping cobbled street which featured in the film Twin Town in a scene with a daring car stunt. In the early 20th century, the Swansea Constitution Hill Incline Railway operated up and down the hill. Constitution Hill forms part of the boundary between the Castle and Uplands wards.

Mansell Street, De La Beche Street, Grove Place, and Alexandra Road cross the southern fringes of the area as a continuous thoroughfare. Located on this thoroughfare are Swansea Magistrates' Court, Swansea Central police station, Glynn Vivian Art Gallery, the old Swansea Central Library and the building housing the arts wing of the university. Alexandra Road is a designated conservation area, and consists of a number of buildings which were constructed between the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The road has a number of shops.

History
The road that runs from the end of the High Street up to Mount Pleasant, North Hill Road, was named Gibbet Hill until renamed in 1902. Evidence from the Vatican archives indicates that Gibbet Hill, at the top of the road to which it gave its name, was the historic place of the “lord’s gallows” where in the Middle Ages executions (gibbetings) took place and corpses were left hanging where they could be seen from the town centre.

A workhouse opened in Mount Pleasant in 1862, between what was known as Gibbet Hill (now North Hill Road) and a lower slope known as Poppit Hill. In 1895 it held 584 inmates in extended buildings. It was later called Tawe Lodge, and eventually became Mount Pleasant Hospital in 1929, when it was taken over by Swansea County Borough Council. The hospital closed in 1995 and was converted into social housing. Hospital records are now held by the West Glamorgan Archive Service, as are records of the original Swansea Poor Law Union from 1842 to 1960.

In 1853 Swansea Grammar School for Boys moved from the city centre to a new building on Mount Pleasant designed by the architect Thomas Taylor. The building was extended in 1869 to a design by Benjamin Bucknall. From 1895 the site was shared with the newly created Swansea Intermediate and Technical School for Boys (later the co-educational Swansea Technical College). After much of the site was destroyed by incendiary bombs during World War II the Grammar School relocated to the Sketty area as Bishop Gore Grammar School in 1952. The Technical College remained on a redeveloped site and in 1976 was incorporated into the West Glamorgan Institute of Higher Education, redesignated in 2008 as Swansea Metropolitan University which in 2013 became a constituent member of the University of Wales Trinity Saint David. The university closed its Mount Pleasant campus in 2018 relocating most of its faculties to the SA1 Waterfront area. The Arts faculty, Swansea College of Arts, remains in Mount Pleasant on its Alexander Road site where a new building was opened in 2015 in a redevelopment of the former Dynevor Grammar School site.

Terrace Road, which runs off Mount Pleasant to the west, has two notable buildings: a Primary School which opened in 1888 and has approximately 300 pupils and St Jude's Church which opened in 1915 and served a congregation which dates from 1889. St Jude closed in 2015 and its parish was merged with St Nicholas on the Hill in Townhill.

Mount Pleasant Baptist Church on Kingsway, one of the city's busiest roads, was built in 1825, when the street was named Gower Street. Christmas Evans preached at its opening service in the following year. It was built to accommodate English speakers in the congregation of the former Back Lane chapel when it divided after the death of its minister Joseph Harris (Gomer). It is one of the few notable buildings in the centre of the town to survive bombing during the Swansea Blitz in the Second World War.

title: Mount Pleasant, Swansea


text:
Talk:Recopa Sudamericana

Naming
There seams to be a difference between the naming used by Conmebol and the RSSSF.

For instance, Conmebol considers that Cienciano won the Recopa 2004 while RSSSF considers it won the 2003 edition.

Should we follow the Conmebol system? After all, its the official organizator, and uses the year in which the match is played. -Mariano (t/c) 17:33, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Better to use the Conmebol system them, as they are the competition organizators. Feel free to change the years to the Conmebol system. But would be good to mention in the article that RSSSF uses a different system. Regards, Carioca 17:44, September 1, 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, the Conmebol is the tourney organizer, if they call it 2005, we should follow suit, whether we like it or not. This is an encyclopedia, after all, and should reflect the names as they are given by the organizers. Mariano's example about the Copa Libertadores is more than accurate. Having said all of this, I like the RSSSF way better... but such is life. :) --Sebastian Kessel Talk 19:18, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

By the way, the 1998 was played in 1999, but is still called 1998. Mariano (t/c) 08:17, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

I wish they got their act together. :) --Sebastian Kessel Talk 15:24, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

Date format
Why are dates in mont-day format??? I'd like to change them to day-month if that's ok... Mariano (t/c) 08:16, 1 August 2006 (UTC)
 * I guess someone from the US wrote it that way, it's just how dates are given there, unlike in most of the world. In any case, I think it's better to write the month in full, that way there is no confusion for anyone.--Gabbec 14:52, 1 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Done. Thanks for the feedback. Mariano (t/c) 12:16, 2 August 2006 (UTC)

Orphaned references in Recopa Sudamericana
I check pages listed in Category:Pages with incorrect ref formatting to try to fix reference errors. One of the things I do is look for content for orphaned references in wikilinked articles. I have found content for some of Recopa Sudamericana's orphans, the problem is that I found more than one version. I can't determine which (if any) is correct for this article, so I am asking for a sentient editor to look it over and copy the correct ref content into this article.

Reference named "Reglamento": From Copa Sudamericana:  From Copa Libertadores:

I apologize if any of the above are effectively identical; I am just a simple computer program, so I can't determine whether minor differences are significant or not. AnomieBOT ⚡ 04:08, 25 June 2012 (UTC)

Money Prize
Does the winner team gets a money prize? Even if not, wouldn't it be relevant information to include? I tried to find sources to verify that information, but I was not able to find any. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.32.35.76 (talk) 22:38, 22 July 2012 (UTC)

Orphaned references in Recopa Sudamericana
I check pages listed in Category:Pages with incorrect ref formatting to try to fix reference errors. One of the things I do is look for content for orphaned references in wikilinked articles. I have found content for some of Recopa Sudamericana's orphans, the problem is that I found more than one version. I can't determine which (if any) is correct for this article, so I am asking for a sentient editor to look it over and copy the correct ref content into this article.

Reference named "Secondary": From Copa Sudamericana:  From Copa Libertadores:

I apologize if any of the above are effectively identical; I am just a simple computer program, so I can't determine whether minor differences are significant or not. AnomieBOT ⚡ 11:58, 1 September 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 2 one external links on Recopa Sudamericana. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20120309071912/http://www.saopaulofc.net/v4/maquina/conquistas/recopa93.asp to http://www.saopaulofc.net/v4/maquina/conquistas/recopa93.asp
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20130723203934/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3CmTyz31eT0 to http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3CmTyz31eT0

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External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Recopa Sudamericana. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20120309071959/http://www.saopaulofc.net/v4/maquina/conquistas/recopa94.asp to http://www.saopaulofc.net/v4/maquina/conquistas/recopa94.asp

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External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 3 one external links on Recopa Sudamericana. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.conmebol.com/conmebol/mainMedia.html?id=15171&viewpage='full'
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100716000450/http://www.colocolo.cl:80/el-club/ to http://www.colocolo.cl/el-club/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090910182508/http://www.rpp.com.pe:80/2009-09-07-hoy-se-cumplen-cinco-anos-del-titulo-obtenido-por-cienciano-ante-boca-noticia_206941.html to http://www.rpp.com.pe/2009-09-07-hoy-se-cumplen-cinco-anos-del-titulo-obtenido-por-cienciano-ante-boca-noticia_206941.html
 * Added tag to http://img.conmebol.com/csf/pub/articulo/2009/Reglamento_Recopa_09.pdf

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External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 6 external links on Recopa Sudamericana. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.conmebol.com/conmebol/mainMedia.html?id=15171&viewpage=%27full%27
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100608184737/http://www.bocajuniors.com.ar/el-club/titulos to http://www.bocajuniors.com.ar/el-club/titulos
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.colocolo.cl/el-club/
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.rpp.com.pe/2009-09-07-hoy-se-cumplen-cinco-anos-del-titulo-obtenido-por-cienciano-ante-boca-noticia_206941.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100407141844/http://www.rsssf.com/sacups/recopa.html to http://www.rsssf.com/sacups/recopa.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100407141844/http://www.rsssf.com/sacups/recopa.html to http://www.rsssf.com/sacups/recopa.html

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A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 16:22, 4 June 2022 (UTC)
 * CONMEBOL Recopa.png

title: Talk:Recopa Sudamericana


text:
Talk:Freshness date

Freshness dates are also used on milk and various other perishable foods. This article is a bit too beer-specific at present.
 * That's kind of the point, I thought there was enough information on freshness dating that it warranted its own article. There's already info on best before dates.  Would you rather it be at Freshness date (beer)?  For other foods the terms "best before" or "expiration date" are often used, "freshness date" and the redirects I've made such as "Born-On date" are more beer-centric.  Many people see this as an advertising gimmick by the beer companies so I thought we should provide some information on the subject.
 * And please sign your comments with four tilde's ( ~ ). Dismas 18:19, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I do normally sign my comments, not sure how I forgot. I wasn't aware of the articles on best before dates. I think the best thing would be to merge the two articles, but failing that, each should have a link to the other, IMO. DES (talk) 18:27, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I have now added such cross-links. DES (talk) 18:31, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Like I said, I think there's enough info for its own article. I found a bit more info on the net so I hope to expand it a little this coming weekend maybe... if I get the time.  Dismas 18:36, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

Date codes section
I have removed this entire section. All beer in Europe has by law to have a best before date. To include in this section every single beer brand would be an endless and frankly pointless task. SilkTork 13:05, 1 July 2006 (UTC)

Merge
Freshness date is the same as Best before date. The wording Freshness date or Born on, or some other such makes no difference to the essential nature of what the words are saying. SilkTork 13:07, 1 July 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Freshness date


text:
User talk:Pharos/Sandbox

bit.ly/wikiny

title: User talk:Pharos/Sandbox


text: User talk:81.155.231.56

title: User talk:81.155.231.56


text:
Damn U

"Damn U" is a song by American musician Prince and the New Power Generation, released in November 1992 as the fourth single from his fourteenth studio album, Love Symbol (1992). It is a slow-grooving romantic R&B ballad, featuring strings and violin. Prince sings of a woman who affects him greatly emotionally, and uses the term "damn u" as an expression of surprise at the woman's power over him. His vocal range shifts throughout the song from very high falsetto to his deeper lower baritone. The B-side was "2 Whom It May Concern", which was also available on the maxi single for "7". Its music video was directed by Randee St. Nicholas.

Chart performance
"Damn U" was released as a limited edition single and tailored for the R&B market; it became the lowest charting single from the album. It failed to make the US Billboard Hot 100, but it peaked at number eight on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart. It fared better on the R&B/Hip-Hop chart, where it made the Top 40, peaking at number 32. It received the most airplay on Mainstream Urban and Urban Adult Contemporary radio stations, and reached the top 10 on R&R's UAC Airplay chart. The single was not released anywhere else in the world.

Critical reception
In an 2017 retrospective review, Andy Healy from Albumism opined that the song is one of "the weak points" on the Love Symbol album, saying that it "underwhelm and feel more like filler". Irish Bray People called it a "soft" and "oozy" ballad. Randy Clark from Cashbox described it as a "soulful ballad". Greg Sandow from Entertainment Weekly said the "ironic, lounge-flavored "Damn U", glimmer with a strange, furtive light." John Martinucci from the Gavin Report stated, "Prince delivers this sultry, urban-only torchlight ballad and it has the same performance that made "Insatiable" and "Do Me Baby" memorable slow jams." A reviewer from Music & Media called it a romantic ballad "for the after hours." Parry Gettelman from Orlando Sentinel felt it's "deliciously, comically overblown - from the swelling strings to the lyrics about "this kooky love affair"." Charles Aaron from Spin described it as a "tinkly, quiet-storm ballad", which "Babyface would blush for". Richard Harrington from The Washington Post complimented "Damn U" as "another falsetto gem", "a slow, sweet ballad laced with the ecstatic emotions of a rewarding relationship."

Music video
A music video was produced to promote the single, directed by Randee St. Nicholas. It features Prince singing in the outfit he is wearing on the cover, sitting on a stool with shots of the New Power Generation performing the music. The video is notable for featuring Mayte Garcia, and was used in the 1994 direct-to-video film 3 Chains o' Gold. The video was later published on Prince's official YouTube channel in September 2017, and as of January 2023, it had generated almost 2 million views.

Personnel
Credits from Benoît Clerc and Guitarcloud

 * Prince – lead and backing vocals, electric guitar, synthesizers, finger cymbals
 * Kirstie Alley – spoken word
 * Levi Seacer Jr. – electric guitar
 * Sonny T. – bass guitar
 * Michael B. – drums
 * Clare Fischer – orchestral arrangement

title: Damn U


text:
Beta scission

Beta scission is an important reaction in the chemistry of thermal cracking of hydrocarbons and the formation of free radicals. Free radicals are formed upon splitting the carbon-carbon bond. Free radicals are extremely reactive and short-lived. When a free radical in a polymer chain undergoes a beta scission, the free radical breaks two carbons away from the charged carbon producing an olefin (ethylene) and a primary free radical, which has two fewer carbon atoms.

In organic synthesis, beta scission can be used to direct multistep radical transformations. For example, beta-scission of a weak C-S bond was used to favor one of two equilibrating radicals in metal free conversion of phenols to aromatic esters and acids via C-O transposition.

title: Beta scission