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Talk:Wenatchee, Washington

Image:Wenatchee.jpg
In the photo, Image:Wenatchee.jpg; The Sellar Bridge, can you tell us what direction it is, I would guess northwest? Also can you add what the second bridge is? I would guess that is a railroad bridge, or an old bridge made into a foot bridge? Help us out. WikiDon 21:19, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

The photo is looking northwest. The other bridge is an old train bridge which is now a foot bridge and part of the loop trail which is a recreational trail (paved) connecting the walking bridge and Odibashian bridge (in North Wenatchee). Parks are located all along the trail and provide baseball and soccer fields, tennis and basketball courts and also swimming areas. The loop trail is 11 miles in total (5.5 miles on each side of the river)--Etandrib 19:02, 8 November 2005 (UTC)

The Old Wenatchee-East Wenatchee Bridge was never a rail bridge. Infact, it was the first highway bridge built on the Columbia River. It opened to traffic in 1908. The bridge also contains a large irrigation main that supplies water to East Wenatchee, which continues to operate today. Lennon 21:47 8 December 2005 (UTC)

There has to be a newer picture of Wenatchee available. This one has to be at least 30+ years old. I'm from the Wenatchee area and it hasn't looked like this for a very long time. If need be, the next time I'm there I'll take a new pic. 23:25 11 June 2006 (PDT)

 * What do you think has changed since the photo was taken? I think Wenatchee still looks like that.  The Olds station bridge is around the bend, I presume.  --Fagles 02:30, 27 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Well, all the new construction along both sides of the river is missing, as well as the Olds Station bridge and the loop trail that should be visible from this view. --Patris_Magnus 09:33, 30 June 2006 (PDT)

Conventions
I'm not sure why this section got added. Many towns have a convention center, that is not much of note. Perhaps this section could be re-written to sound like less of an advertisement for the Center and Coast hotel. Lennon 02:26, 24 September 2006 (UTC)

 * I simply removed this section. Lennon 18:54, 17 January 2007 (UTC)

I was born in Wenatchee, Washington in 1963 at the Deconeas Hospital. My Father is from Melbourne, Arkansas and my Mother is from Malaga, Washington. I was partly raised in Wenatchee and in Melbourne. I have no idea why a Lady of my mother's statur would want to marry someone from the bug infested state of Arkansas, but anyway, I have so many wonderful memories of my home place. My dad worked at all the truck stops, tire shops and (Real Gas Stations) from one end of Wenatchee to the other. My mother's cousin had Cross Road Missions in Malaga for over 60 years and still preaching there at age 96. She fed the hungry and had a mans bunk house and a womans bunk house built to take care of the homeless. She also had one of the states largest Bible Camps at this misson.

I do have some concerns about what I seen the last time I came home on vacation.(I still live in Arkansas cause I married an only child) but I seen many, many spanish people living on the once beautiful Yakima Street having there cars sitting in the front of their homes with busted wind sheilds, hoods broken off, no grass in the yard, only dirt. The windows busted on the houses with no screens on them. When I was a child, it was a law that everyone had to water their lawn so that it would be green and pleasant to look at. I went to see the wonderful sights I seen when I was a child there walking up and down the Ave. I used to walk to the Museum and look into the fenced in shed that kept an old model T out of the weather. My question is, why are the people of my home town not careing anymore about what this town looks like. Why does the city alough people to ruin this once beautiful home that I love with such a pasion that I even cried when I was there on my last vacation. I played as a child in the summer and never sweated and played in the snow and never got cold and I never did pay any attention to the bum's that used to walk the rail roads cause that was just home for me. Please, Please Tell me what I can do to get the attention of the city officials. To wake them up and understand that Wenatchee, Washington has to stay above reproach because this town has a name in Arkansas too, It's the Apple Capital of the World. When you mention Wenatchee, Washington in Arkansas, you hear so many people talk about the beauty that they rememberd being there when they would work the harvest.

I am in college now finishing up on my Bachlors of Science in Business Admin., and one day, if God in heaven will alough me to, I want to come back home to my childhood heaven maybe run for Mayor so that I can keep the dream that every child had years ago, alive and a place that they can bring there kids too and be proud again. I have always said, " I don't care what happends in Washington, as long as the river runs through the twin cities, I will still call it home. I just want to make sure that all kids have the same chance as I did to live in a city that can hold so many presious memories.  Now, as I wipe a tear's from my eyes, I hope someone will see this  and help me to find a way to make a difference.

Joseph Vaughn, Mount Pleasant, Arkansas

Dr. Goodwin
The user at 66.172.96.74 removed this paragraph from "History" section.

 * Goodwin was openly resistant to changing his then new way of doing things and was therefore aggressively accused by the Washington State Department of Health's Examining Board of Psychology (EBP) of mental impairment, unprofessional conduct, negligence, and incompetence. All the charges were eventually dropped. Dr Goodwin was finally able to settle his 8 year battle admitting that he once got only a verbal rather than a written release for a client to talk with a prospective client with no danger to either noted; the issue of Prozac and his short-term psychotherapy by then widely accepted. Dr Goodwin continues his still ground breaking work in his office on Wenatchee Avenue.

This paragraph has been changed a number of times by a number of people. Currently I agree with its removal, because is isn't NPoV. However neither is the paragraph which remains. The two should probably be rewritten to sound more nutral. Lennon 01:27, 8 December 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm beginning to wonder why this is even in the Wenatchee history section. Perhaps this would be better suited for either inclusion on a page about Prozac or a page about Dr. Goodwin? Cascadia 01:34, 15 January 2007 (UTC)

Way too many unlinked "links"!
I'm seeing way too many "red internal links" in this article. Either link them, create another aticle for them, or simply don't link them!!!! JustN5:12 23:58, 17 March 2007 (UTC)

Wenatchee "Music Scene"
Nearly every town, village, hamlet, etc. in America has some sort of Local band, or just some dude who plays the six-string at the local hole-in-the-wall bar. Notable music scenes are those that actually shape music nationally, such as Seattle, WA; Tempe, AZ; Los Angeles; etc.

While there have been some good acts to start up in Wenatchee, the city has nothing that anyone should call a notable scene. The closest thing to a notable band out of Wenatchee, the Olds Station Orchestra, is now defunct, and as the attempted addition states, the 'music scene' has all but fizzled out. Now, if some very good sources, such as some music industry magazine articles, could be found to support the notion that Wenatchee has a unique and notable music scene, then by all means, add it in. Myspace pages are not sources though... so please, don't use those as a reference of what constitutes a notable music scene. CASCADIA Howl/Trail 03:42, 19 April 2007 (UTC)

Apple Bowl incorrectly linked.
I believe the Apple Bowl stadium used in this article is the one located in Triangle Park in Wenatchee, not the one in Canada. 66.172.102.80 00:18, 19 August 2007 (UTC)

Not "Technically a Desert"
The climate is claimed to be "technically a desert," but by what technical definition is this? Everthing I've found lists dessert as either <10 inches annual precipitation or too dry to support almost any plants. Could we call it a shrub-steppe instead? --Thomas (talk) 03:10, 27 April 2010 (UTC)

 * The foothills are shrub-steppe climate, however most of the Wenatchee area proper is Desert (less than 10 inches of rain per year) according to the National Atlas annual rainfall map layer when zoomed in on the Wenatchee Valley. So yes, it is technically a desert. GusterBear (talk) 21:15, 26 May 2010 (UTC)

Roots of the name Wenatchee
I believe there is a mistake where it says that Wenatchee is from a Salish word. From my own conversations with Mark Behler, curator of the Wenatchee Valley Museum and Cultural Center, and from other research, I understand that while the Wenatchi were a Salish speaking tribe, they called themselves the P'squosa and were only called Wenatchi by the Sahaptin speaking people to the South. There is a short discussion of this based on the work of E. Richard Hart in this HistoryLink article about Confluence State Park. Also the German Wikipedia entry on the Wenatchi tribe (Wenatchi) has the same information, possibly from the same source. Unless there is any protest, I'll soon change this to say Sahaptin. I thought the meaning of the name was "water rushing forth" but I'll leave that alone for now.Scottfeil (talk) 15:15, 17 March 2011 (UTC)

 * I agree the origin is Sahaptin, however the entry could use more details on the name. The root word is Winátt, a verb meaning "spring", or "wanáytt" meaning "spring from water." The word "Winátshapam" is the Sahaptin term for the Wenatchi tribe, with "-pam" being a locative suffix, similar to many tribes in the area (for example, Walla Walla was named after the Walawálapam). I believe dropping the "-pam" suffix from Winátshapam leaves you with a pretty close phonetic pronunciation of Wenatchee (Winátsha). Also, Winátsha was the Sahaptian name of the fishery at the fork of the Wenatchee and Columbia Rivers. Wardlarson (talk) 16:26, 6 November 2016 (UTC)

 * I also can't find any source material that states "Awenatchela" is a word in any language, or that it means "people at the source [of a river]." Wardlarson (talk) 16:29, 6 November 2016 (UTC)

Mission Ridge Ski Area
Only 20 km off the town could be mentioned. Helium4 (talk) 11:28, 19 December 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Wenatchee, Washington


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Newcastle Cathedral

Newcastle Cathedral, formally the Cathedral Church of St Nicholas, is a Church of England cathedral in Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, England. It is the seat of the Bishop of Newcastle and is the mother church of the Diocese of Newcastle.

It is the most northerly diocese of the Anglican Church in England, reaching from the River Tyne as far north as Berwick-upon-Tweed and as far west as Alston in Cumbria. The cathedral is a grade I listed building.

Founded in 1091 during the same period as the nearby castle, the Norman church was destroyed by fire in 1216 and the current building was completed in 1350, so is mostly of the Perpendicular style of the 14th century. Its tower is noted for its 15th-century lantern spire. Heavily restored in 1777, the building was raised to cathedral status in 1882, when it became known as the Cathedral Church of St Nicholas.

History
The cathedral is named after St Nicholas, the patron saint of sailors and boats. This may reflect the cathedral's position on the northern heights above the River Tyne. It was originally a parish church, built in 1091. It was built close to the line of Hadrian's Wall through Newcastle, which may have passed through or near the churchyard to the south, but unfortunately the exact location of its line through the very centre of the city is currently lost. Close to the south of the cathedral is Newcastle Castle, which gave the city its name, and which was itself built on the site of the Hadrian's Wall fort of Pons Aelius. The Norman church was destroyed by fire in 1216 and the present structure was completed in 1350.

The most famous notable of the cathedral was the Scottish reformer John Knox, who served as minister from late 1550 until 2 February 1553.

In the mid-19th century Newcastle experienced a huge increase in its population, leading to the construction of over 20 new churches in the suburbs. As Newcastle continued to grow, so did its need for a diocese separate from Durham, and so in 1882 the Diocese of Newcastle was formed, with St Nicholas's as its cathedral.

The cathedral is notable for its unusual lantern spire, which was constructed in 1448. For hundreds of years, it was a main navigation point for ships using the River Tyne. At its base the tower measures 36 ft by 35 ft and it is 194 ft from the base to the top of the steeple.

On each corner of the lantern are gilded statues, of Adam eating the apple, Eve holding out the apple, Aaron dressed as a bishop, and David holding a harp. Following work on the street in the 1860s the tower was found to be cracking and tilting, so two porches were added to buttress the structure. Since then the tower has settled and the ornate wooden font cover, which is suspended from the tower inside, does not hang in line with the font. The interior of the church was badly damaged by Scottish invaders during their brief occupation of the city in 1640, and in 1644, during the nine-week Siege of Newcastle, Scottish invaders threatened to bombard the lantern tower, but were deterred when the mayor Sir John Marley put his Scottish prisoners in it. The tower was repaired in September 1645, 1723 and 1761. A lightning conductor was added in 1777.

In 2020 and 2021, the cathedral closed to visitors on account of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. However, the building work of the Common Ground in Sacred Space heritage project continued. The renovation works entailed removing the Victorian pews, installing underfloor heating, restoring and re-laying up to 130 ledger stones (gravestones), improving the churchyards, and adding an east entrance to the building. The cathedral re-opened in August 2021.

In October 2021, the building was one of 142 sites across England to receive part of a £35-million injection into the government's Culture Recovery Fund.

Bells
The tower contains a ring of fourteen bells, the tenor bell which weighs almost two tons, plus one 14th and two 15th-century bells, the oldest of which, "Michael", is rung for daily services. The addition of a second treble bell (named "Gabriel") in 1999 has made it possible to ring a lighter peal of ten bells. In addition to these bells is a bourdon ('The Major') which weighs nearly six tonnes and is hung for swing chiming.

Notable interior features
The nave furnishings were designed by the local artist and craftsman Ralph Hedley in the early 20th century, after  the parish church of St Nicholas became a cathedral in 1882. The high altar depicts Christ in Majesty holding an orb and sceptre, flanked by the Four Evangelists each with their special symbol.

Inside the cathedral a finely-carved marble monument commemorates Admiral Lord Collingwood (1748–1810), born just to the south of the cathedral in a house in The Side, who took over command at the Battle of Trafalgar (21 October 1805) after the death of Admiral Lord Nelson. Collingwood was baptised and married in St Nicholas's and each year, on 21 October, a wreath is laid in his memory in front of the monument. His body was buried in St Paul's Cathedral in London, near to that of Nelson.

The cathedral is filled with beautiful stained glass. Much of the original glass was broken during the Civil War and most now dates from the 18th century onwards. St Margaret's Chapel contains the only known fragment of medieval stained glass in the cathedral, a beautiful roundel of the Madonna feeding the Christ Child. More-modern stained glass works such as in St. George's Chapel were erected in honour of two of Tyneside's late 19th-/early 20th-century industrial pioneers, who both died in 1931 within weeks of each other. Other references to industry can be found in the cathedral's stained glass, including in the Charles Parsons window, which features Turbinia, the first turbine-driven steam yacht, with which Parsons astonished the Queen's Navy at the Spithead naval review in 1897.

The cathedral contains a number of memorials, the oldest being a 13th-century tomb effigy of a knight in armour, thought to be Peter le Marechal, sword-bearer to King Edward I. It is one of the oldest objects in the cathedral. Another is the Thornton Brass, a monumental brass to Roger Thornton and his wife; he was a successful merchant, three times Mayor of Newcastle, several times Member of Parliament, and great benefactor to the cathedral. This is one of the finest examples of a Flemish brass and dates from at least as early as 1441 (maybe pre-1429); it is believed to be the largest brass in the United Kingdom, and originally it covered Thornton's tomb in the nearby All Saints' Church, Newcastle upon Tyne. This commemoration to Thornton, his wife, seven sons and seven daughters can be seen fixed vertically on the far side of the High Altar, facing the east window. A horizontal replica was previously kept near the north door of the cathedral for brass rubbing purposes.

Just to the north of the cathedral stands a bronze statue of Queen Victoria erected to commemorate 500 years of the Shrievalty (the jurisdiction of a sheriff) of Newcastle. Sculpted by Alfred Gilbert and unveiled in 1903, two years after Queen Victoria's death, the statue was a gift from W. H. Stephenson, a company director and politician who held the office of mayor in Newcastle seven times.

The cathedral is home to a number of standards presented to the cathedral for safe keeping at the end of the First World War; they are displayed in the Chapel of the Northumberland Fusiliers. These include two belonging to the Royal Naval Division (Hood Battalion and Hawke Battalion), and 16 belonging to battalions of the Northumberland Fusiliers (8th, 9th, 10th, 11th 12th & 13th, 14th, 16th (Newcastle Commercials), 17th (North Eastern Railway Pioneers), 18th (1st Tyneside Pioneers), 19th (2nd Tyneside Pioneers), 22nd (3rd Tyneside Scottish), 24th (1st Tyneside Irish), 51st, 52nd, 53rd and 2nd Garrison).

Dean and chapter
As of 9 December 2022:
 * Dean – Reverend Canon Lee Batson
 * Canon for Music and Liturgy (i.e., precentor) – Clare MacLaren (since 11 October 2015)
 * Canon for Outreach and Discipleship (i.e., chancellor) – Peter Dobson (since December 2019)
 * Archdeacon of Northumberland – Mark Wroe (since 24 March 2019 installation)
 * Canon Pastor – Jean Skinner (retired since 2017; SSM called Canon Pastor since 7 April 2019)
 * Director of Mission and Ministry (Diocesan Canon) – vacant since 15 July 2022

Music
The cathedral has a strong tradition of music. In 1503, the thirteen-year-old Princess Margaret, daughter of Henry VII and engaged to marry James IV of Scotland, while passing through Newcastle on her way north, noted in her journal a number of children in surplices "who sang melodious hymns, accompanying themselves with instruments of many sorts". Later, the baroque composer Charles Avison (1709–1770) was organist and choirmaster at the church.

The cathedral choir has been featured on BBC Radio 3's Choral Evensong.

The cathedral is home to a fine organ, a four-manual Grand Organ built by T C Lewis, although rebuilt several times since, notably by Harrison & Harrison in 1911 and 1954 and by Nicholson & Co. of Worcester in 1981.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Newcastle Cathedral


text: User talk:70.114.212.169

title: User talk:70.114.212.169


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Rock 'n' Roll Star

"Rock 'n' Roll Star" is a song by English rock band Oasis. It is the opening track from their debut album, Definitely Maybe (1994). Like the majority of the band's songs from this era, it was written by lead guitarist Noel Gallagher, who said that "Rock 'n' Roll Star" was one of only three songs in which he wanted to say something: "I've pretty much summed up everything I wanted to say in "Rock 'n' Roll Star", "Live Forever" and "Cigarettes & Alcohol", after that I'm repeating myself, but in a different way".

It was released as a radio single in America. The song's video, directed by Nigel Dick, consists of clips of the band performing the song from their Live by the Sea gig at Southend-on-Sea, interspersed with clips of them, filming each other, on Southend Pier, in and around the amusement park, 'Adventure Island' then named 'Peter Pan's Playground' and in the bowling alley, which subsequently burnt down.

The song was featured on the band's 2000 live album and DVD, Familiar to Millions; another live version was recorded at a 2 July 2005 concert at the City of Manchester Stadium and released on the band's single "Let There Be Love" in late 2005.

Liam Gallagher performed the song as part of the One Love Manchester charity concert on 4 June 2017 in aid of those affected by the Manchester Arena bombing.

British indie electropop band Kero Kero Bonito released a cover of the song in September 2017, reinterpreting the song as a dance-pop track.

Critical reception
Steve Baltin from Cash Box picked the song as Pick of the Week, writing, "If any one song from their debut CD, Definitely Maybe, shows why Oasis have received the warm response they have from American audiences, this is the track. Against a wild but infectious backbeat, singer Liam Gallagher captures the fantasy of adolescents everywhere. Yet, this is more than a dream, it's a statement we will make the fantasy come true. With their dazzling updating of the great pop hooks of the '60s, Oasis are well on their way to reaching the stardom they sing about. Look for this one to be a tremendously effective follow-up to “Live Forever” on Modern Rock outlets everywhere, with selected AOR stations realizing the joy of this track as well. This is what pop music should be."

Personnel

 * Liam Gallagher – lead vocals, tambourine
 * Noel Gallagher – lead guitar, backing vocals
 * Paul Arthurs – rhythm guitar
 * Paul McGuigan – bass
 * Tony McCarroll – drums

title: Rock 'n' Roll Star


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The Historian

The Historian is the 2005 debut novel of American author Elizabeth Kostova. The plot blends the history and folklore of Vlad Țepeș and his fictional equivalent Count Dracula. Kostova's father told her stories about Dracula when she was a child, and later in life she was inspired to turn the experience into a novel. She worked on the book for ten years and then sold it within a few months to Little, Brown and Company, which bought it for US$2 million.

The Historian has been described as a combination of genres, including Gothic novel, adventure novel, detective fiction, travelogue, postmodern historical novel, epistolary epic, and historical thriller. Kostova was intent on writing a serious work of literature and saw herself as an inheritor of the Victorian style. Although based in part on Bram Stoker's Dracula, The Historian is not a horror novel, but rather an eerie tale. It is concerned with history's role in society and representation in books, as well as the nature of good and evil. As Kostova explains, "Dracula is a metaphor for the evil that is so hard to undo in history." The evils brought about by religious conflict are a particular theme, and the novel explores the relationship between the Christian West and the Islamic East.

Little, Brown and Company heavily promoted the book and it became the first debut novel to become number one on The New York Times bestseller list in its first week on sale. As of 2005, it was the fastest-selling hardback debut novel in U.S. history. In general, the novel received mixed reviews. While some praised the book's description of the setting, others criticized its structure and lack of tonal variety. Kostova received the 2006 Book Sense award for Best Adult Fiction and the 2005 Quill Award for Debut Author of the Year. Sony has bought the film rights and, as of 2007, was planning an adaptation.

Plot summary
The Historian interweaves the history and folklore of Vlad Țepeș, a 15th-century prince of Wallachia known as "Vlad the Impaler", and his fictional equivalent Count Dracula together with the story of Paul, a professor; his 16-year-old daughter; and their quest for Vlad's tomb. The novel ties together three separate narratives using letters and oral accounts: that of Paul's mentor in the 1930s, that of Paul in the 1950s, and that of the narrator herself in the 1970s. The tale is told primarily from the perspective of Paul's daughter, who is never named.

Part I
Part I opens in 1972 Amsterdam. The narrator finds an old vellum-bound book with a woodcut of a dragon in the center associated with Dracula. When she asks her father Paul about it, he tells her how he found the handmade book in his study carrel when he was a graduate student in the 1950s. Paul took the book to his mentor, Professor Bartholomew Rossi, and was shocked to find that Rossi had found a similar handmade book when he was a graduate student in the 1930s. As a result, Rossi researched Țepeș, the Dracula myth surrounding him, and the mysterious book. Rossi traveled as far as Istanbul; however, the appearance of curious characters and unexplained events caused him to drop his investigation and return to his graduate work. Rossi gives Paul his research notes and informs him that he believes Dracula is still alive.

The bulk of the novel focuses on the 1950s timeline, which follows Paul's adventures. After meeting with Paul, Rossi disappears; smears of blood on his desk and the ceiling of his office are the only traces that remain. Certain that something unfortunate has befallen his advisor, Paul begins to investigate Dracula. While in the university library he meets a young, dark-haired woman reading a copy of Bram Stoker's Dracula. She is Helen Rossi, the daughter of Bartholomew Rossi, and she has become an expert on Dracula. Paul attempts to convince her that one of the librarians is trying to prevent their research into Dracula, but she is unpersuaded. Later, the librarian attacks and bites Helen. Paul intervenes and overpowers him, but he wriggles free. The librarian is then run over by a car in front of the library and apparently killed.

Upon hearing her father's story, the narrator becomes interested in the mystery and begins researching Dracula as she and her father travel across Europe during the 1970s. Although he eventually sends her home, she does not remain there. After finding letters addressed to her that reveal he has left on a quest to find her mother (previously believed to be dead), she sets out to find him. As is slowly made clear in the novel, Helen is the narrator's mother. The letters continue the story her father has been telling her. The narrator decides to travel to a monastery where she believes her father might be.

Part II
Part II begins as the narrator reads descriptions of her father and Helen's travels through Eastern Europe during the 1950s. While on their travels, Helen and Paul conclude that Rossi might have been taken by Dracula to his tomb. They travel to Istanbul to find the archives of Sultan Mehmed II, which Paul believes contain information regarding the location of the tomb. They fortuitously meet Professor Turgut Bora from Istanbul University, who has also discovered a book similar to Paul's and Rossi's. He has access to Mehmed's archive, and together they unearth several important documents. They also see the librarian who was supposedly killed in the United States – he has survived because he is a vampire and he has continued following Helen and Paul. Helen shoots the vampire librarian but misses his heart and consequently, he does not die.

From Istanbul, Paul and Helen travel to Budapest, Hungary, to further investigate the location of Dracula's tomb and to meet with Helen's mother, who they believe may have knowledge of Rossi – the two had met during his travels to Romania in the 1930s. For the first time Helen hears of her mother and Rossi's torrid love affair. Paul and Helen learn much, for example that Helen's mother, and therefore Helen herself and the narrator, are descendants of Vlad Țepeș.

Part III
Part III begins with a revelation by Turgut Bora that leads the search for Dracula's tomb to Bulgaria. He also reveals that he is part of an organization formed by Sultan Mehmed II from the elite of the Janissaries to fight the Order of the Dragon, an evil consortium later associated with Dracula. In Bulgaria, Helen and Paul seek the assistance of a scholar named Anton Stoichev. Through information gained from Stoichev, Helen and Paul discover that Dracula is most likely buried in the Bulgarian monastery of Sveti Georgi.

After many difficulties Paul and Helen discover the whereabouts of Sveti Georgi. Upon reaching the monastery they find Rossi's interred body in the crypt and are forced to drive a silver dagger through his heart to prevent his full transformation into a vampire. Before he dies, he reveals that Dracula is a scholar and has a secret library. Rossi has written an account of his imprisonment in this library and hidden it there. Paul and Helen are pursued to the monastery by political officials and by the vampire librarian – all of them are seeking Dracula's tomb, but it is empty when they arrive.

Paul and Helen move to the United States, marry, and Helen gives birth to the narrator. However, she becomes depressed a few months afterwards. She later confesses that she feared the taint of the vampiric bite that she acquired earlier would infect her child. The family travels to Europe in an attempt to cheer her up. When they visit the monastery Saint-Matthieu-des-Pyrénées-Orientales, Helen feels Dracula's presence and is compelled to jump off a cliff. Landing on grass, she survives and decides to hunt him down and kill him in order to rid herself of his threat and her fears.

When the narrator arrives at Saint-Matthieu-des-Pyrénées-Orientales, she finds her father. Individuals mentioned throughout the 1970s timeline converge in a final attempt to defeat Dracula. He is seemingly killed by a silver bullet fired into his heart by Helen.

In the epilogue, which takes place in 2008, the narrator attends a conference of medievalists in Philadelphia, and stops at a library with an extensive collection of material related to Dracula. She accidentally leaves her notes and the attendant rushes out and returns them to her, as well as a book with a dragon printed in the center, revealing that either Dracula is still alive or one of his minions is imitating the master.

Biographical background
Kostova's interest in the Dracula legend began with the stories her father told her about the vampire when she was a child. The family moved from the U.S. to Ljubljana, Slovenia in 1972, while her father was teaching for a year at a local university. During that year, the family traveled across Europe. According to Kostova, "It was the formative experience of my childhood." She "was fascinated by [her father's Dracula stories] because they were ... from history in a way, even though they weren't about real history, but I heard them in these beautiful historic places." Kostova's interest in books and libraries began early as well. Her mother, a librarian, frequently took her and her sisters to the public library – they were each allowed to check out 30 books and had a special shelf for their library books.

She listened to recordings of Balkan folk music as a child and became interested in the tradition. Later, she sang in and directed a Slavic chorus while an undergraduate at Yale University. She and some friends traveled to Eastern Europe in 1989, specifically Bulgaria and Bosnia, to study local musical customs. The recordings they made will be deposited in the Library of Congress. While Kostova was in Europe, the Berlin Wall collapsed, heralding the fall of Communism in Eastern Europe, events which shaped her understanding of history.

Composition and publication

Five years later, in 1994, when Kostova was hiking in the Appalachian Mountains with her husband, she had a flashback to those storytelling moments with her father and asked herself "what if the father were spinning his Dracula tales to his entranced daughter and Dracula were listening in? What if Dracula were still alive?" She immediately scratched out seven pages of notes into her writer's notebook. Two days later, she started work on the novel. At the time she was teaching English as a second language, creative writing and composition classes at universities in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She moved to Ann Arbor, Michigan, entered the writing program at the University of Michigan and finished the book as she was obtaining her Master of Fine Arts degree.

Kostova did extensive research about Eastern Europe and Vlad Țepeș. She found a vampire-killing kit at the Mercer Museum, which included a pistol, silver bullets, a crucifix, a wooden stake, and powdered garlic. As she was writing, she posted maps of Eastern Europe in her office and constructed a chart to help her keep track of the book's timelines. Her husband, whom she had met in Bulgaria, assisted her with related geographical descriptions and diction. It took her ten years to finish the novel.

Kostova finished the novel in January 2004 and sent it to a potential literary agent in March. Two months later and within two days of sending out her manuscript to publishers, Kostova was offered a deal – she refused it. The rights to the book were auctioned off and Little, Brown and Company bought them for US$2 million (US$30,000 is typical for a first novel from an unknown author ). Publishers Weekly explained the high price as a result of a bidding war between firms' believing that they might have the next Da Vinci Code within their grasp. One vice-president and associate publisher said, "Given the success of The Da Vinci Code, everybody around town knows how popular the combination of thriller and history can be and what a phenomenon it can become." Little, Brown and Company subsequently sold the rights in 28 countries. The book was published in the United States on 14 June 2005.

Genre and style
The Historian has been described as a combination of genres, including the Gothic novel, the adventure novel, the detective novel, the travelogue, the postmodern historical novel, the epistolary epic, and the historical thriller.

Kostova wanted to write a serious literary novel, with scholarly heroes, that was at the same time reminiscent of 19th-century adventures. She was inspired by Victorian writers such as Wilkie Collins; his novel The Moonstone (1868), with its plot twists and bevy of narrators, was "a major model". The primary literary ancestor of The Historian, however, is Bram Stoker's Dracula (1897). For example, in The Historian and Dracula, the protagonist is both fascinated and repulsed by Dracula. Both are told through a series of letters and memoirs. The Historian also includes many intertextual references to Stoker's work – Dracula even owns a copy of the novel. Yet, Kostova shapes Dracula into her own character. While Stoker's vampire is the focus of his novel, Kostova's is at the edges. Moreover, the blend of the fictional Dracula and the historical Vlad "adds a sinister and frightening edge" to the character, according to scholar Stine Fletcher.

Despite its Gothic roots, The Historian is not suffused with violence nor is it a horror novel. Kostova aimed to write a "chilling" Victorian ghost story, and her realistic style is what creates this effect. Marlene Arpe of The Toronto Star praises Kostova's imagery in particular, quoting the following passage:

"A smell rose from its pages that was not merely the delicate scent of aging paper and cracked vellum. It was a reek of decay, a terrible, sickening odor, a smell of old meat or corrupted flesh. I had never noticed it before and I leaned closer, sniffing, unbelieving, then shut the book. I reopened it, after a moment, and again stomach-churning fumes arose from its pages. The little volume seemed alive in my hands, yet it smelled like death."

As Peter Bebergal explains in The Boston Globe, "Instead of fetishizing blood, Kostova fetishizes documents (manuscripts, maps, letters) and the places that house them (libraries, archives and monasteries)." As one critic explains, "the real horror rests in the possibility of what Dracula truly is". For example, the narrator comments:

"The thing that most haunted me that day, however, as I closed my notebook and put my coat on to go home, was not my ghostly image of Dracula, or the description of impalement, but the fact that these things had – apparently – actually occurred. If I listened too closely, I thought, I would hear the screams of the boys, of the 'large family' dying together. For all his attention to my historical education, my father had neglected to tell me this: history's terrible moments were real. I understand now, decades later, that he could never have told me. Only history itself can convince you of such a truth. And once you've seen that truth – really seen it – you can't look away."

The novel's tone and structure place it within the serious literary tradition for which Kostova was aiming. For example, the alternating timelines are suggestive of A. S. Byatt's Possession (1990) and the intermingling of academia and the occult suggests Arturo Perez-Reverte's The Club Dumas (1993). Although many reviewers compared The Historian to Dan Brown's historical thriller The Da Vinci Code (2003), Kostova has said her book "is part of a tradition where literary craft and experiments in form are all as important as action ... the only overlap is this idea of people searching for something in history. I'm still surprised when people make this comparison, I'm very grateful my publisher has never pushed it." Moreover, the only real historical personage in her novel is Vlad Țepeș and she changed the name of some locations "fearing some readers might confuse fantasy and reality, as they have with Brown's novels".

Reviewers praised Kostova's lush descriptions of the setting and the fascinating European cities and countries which the story traverses: Amsterdam, Slovenia, Romania, Bulgaria, Turkey, France, Oxford, Switzerland and Italy.

Themes

History and questions about its role in society pervade The Historian. In particular, the novel argues that knowledge of history is power, particularly as it is written in books. The title can refer to any of the major characters, including Dracula. As Nancy Baker explains in The Globe and Mail, the novel is "about the love of books" and the knowledge and comfort they offer the characters – even Dracula himself is a bibliophile. As one critic explains, the novel is specifically about the love of scholarship. At the heart of the novel is an exploration of "the power and price of scholarly obsession". As Paul explains in the novel:

"It is a fact that we historians are interested in what is partly a reflection of ourselves we would rather not examine except through the medium of scholarship; it is also true that as we steep ourselves in our interests, they become more and more a part of us. Visiting an American university ... I was introduced to one of the first of the great American historians of Nazi Germany. He lived in a comfortable house at the edge of the campus, where he collected not only books on his topic but also the official china of the Third Reich. His dogs, two enormous German shepherds, patrolled the front yard day and night. Over drinks with other faculty members, he told me in no uncertain terms how he despised Hitler's crimes and wanted to expose them in the greatest possible detail to the outside world. I left the party early, walking carefully past those big dogs, unable to shake my revulsion."

The novel explores questions of good and evil and as Jessica Treadway states in The Chicago Tribune, it "is intriguing for its thorough examination of what constitutes evil and why it exists". For example, Dracula at one point asks Rossi:

"History has taught us that the nature of man is evil, sublimely so. Good is not perfectible, but evil is. Why should you not use your great mind in service of what is perfectible? ... There is no purity like the purity of the sufferings of history. You will have what every historian wants: history will be reality to you. We will wash our minds clean with blood."

As Kostova explains, "Dracula is a metaphor for the evil that is so hard to undo in history." For example, he is shown influencing Eastern European tyrants and supporting national socialism in Transylvania. He is "vainglorious, vindictive, [and] vicious". As Michael Dirda explains in The Washington Post, the novel conveys the idea that "Most of history's worst nightmares result from an unthinking obedience to authority, high-minded zealotry seductively overriding our mere humanity." It is in the figure of the vampire that Kostova reveals this, since "our fear of Dracula lies in the fear of losing ourselves, of relinquishing our very identities as human beings". In fact, the narrator is never named in the novel, suggesting, as one critic explains, "that the quest for the dark side of human nature is more universal than specific to a concrete character".

Religion is also a dominant theme of The Historian. Dracula is Christian and, as Bebergal explains, "Much of what is frightening in the novel is the suggestion of heretical Christian practices and conspiratorial monks." Kostova herself notes that the world is still "wracked by religious conflict", therefore historical fiction about the topic is relevant. The portions of the novel set in Istanbul, for example, highlight the extent to which the real Vlad detested the Ottomans, waging holy war upon them. More specifically, Amir Taheri in Asharq Alawsat argues that the novel highlights the relationship between the West and Turkey. The West, which is laden with the "dead" weight of this past (represented by the vampires) needs the help of Turkey (and perhaps the entire Muslim world) to recover. As Taheri points out, one of the most appealing characters in the novel is Professor Bora, a Turkish professor who is part of an ancient Ottoman society dedicated to defeating Dracula. Taheri emphasizes that the novel highlights that "Western civilisation and Islam have common enemies represented by 'vampires' such as postmodernism in Europe and obscurantism in the Muslim world".

Reception
Little, Brown and Company spent $500,000 heavily promoting The Historian. In what Publishers Weekly called a "carefully calibrated advertising campaign", 7,000 advance copies were sent to booksellers, and in January 2005 Kostova began her book promotion tour six months before the novel's publication. She met with book retailers who, impressed with her presentation, bought large numbers of the book. As an article in The Age explains, "By the time it arrived in the bookstores, The Historian had already made the news several times". As soon as the book was published in June, Kostova went on a 15-city tour, including book signings and readings, which prompted further media reports on it. She appeared on ABC's Good Morning America on 28 June, and there were stories about the novel in USA Today, Entertainment Weekly and Newsweek. Kostova was billed as the next literary phenomenon, the next Alice Sebold or Susanna Clarke.

The Historian was the first debut novel to land at number one on The New York Times bestseller list in its first week on sale, and as of 2005 was the fastest-selling hardback debut novel in U.S. history. The book sold more copies on its first day in print than The Da Vinci Code – 70,000 copies were sold in the first week alone. As of the middle of August 2005, the novel had already sold 915,000 copies in the U.S. and had gone through six printings. (For comparison, according to Publishers Weekly, only ten fiction books sold more than 800,000 hardcover copies in the US in 2004.) Little, Brown and Company also released an edition of Dracula in September 2005 with an introduction by Kostova, thinking her readers would want to delve into the original novel after reading hers. Kostova is one of the few female bestselling authors, but her popularity is unusual because it is founded on a literary novel.

Reviews of the novel were "at best, mixed". Several reviewers noted that Kostova described the setting of her novel well; Laura Miller of Salon.com, for example, wrote that "Kostova has a genius for evoking places". Malcolm Jones of Newsweek wrote that the novel was "strikingly fresh and unformulaic". Baker praised Kostova's prose, saying that it "has a leisurely grace". Francis Atkinson of The Age praised the "Gothic sensuality" of the novel. However, some thought the book was too long, or criticized Kostova's lack of tonal variety; Janet Maslin wrote in The New York Times that the book was "ponderous" and had a "contorted narrative structure". Jane Stevenson of The Observer agreed, noting that the multiple timelines and narrators of the novel were not sufficiently differentiated. Several reviewers complained that the climax of the novel was a disappointment and that Dracula was not terrifying.

According to Paul Wagenbreth of The News-Gazette, the novel's fundamental weakness is that after the slow buildup, "there is a final shying away from a full rendering of the nature of the beast. ... there's a curious holding back here as elsewhere from a really probing look at the seductive appeal of vampirism, particularly the sensuality at its core." Susanna Sturgis, agreed, writing in the Women's Review of Books that the plot dragged and that "the reader loses interest" in the core mysteries of the novel. Ong Sor Fern of The Straits Times criticized Kostova's portrayal of women, writing that her unnamed female narrator "feels even more drab and colourless than Stoker's idealised female, Mina Harker". Sturgis criticized Kostova's characterization in general, contending that the major characters seemed more like "disembodied tour guides". Polly Shulman of Newsday also argued that the book "fail[s] to grapple with its supposed themes: evil, death and history". She saw "little of the terror of these periods" in the novel and little of the tension between the Islamic East and the Christian West.

Audio book
The 12-hour abridged audio book, released by Time Warner, is narrated by six different actors (Joanne Whalley, Martin Jarvis, Dennis Boutsikaris, Jim Ward, Rosalyn Landor and Robin Atkin Downes). Boutsikaris' voicing of Paul has been called "flat" while Publishers Weekly complained that it was "nonchalant and impersonal". They also singled out the voicing of Dracula for criticism, writing that "his accent and delivery is exactly the stereotypical vampire voice used by everyone from Bela Lugosi to Sesame Street's the Count". There is swelling orchestral music at the beginning and end of each chapter, of which the reviewers approved.

The 26-hour unabridged audio book, released by Books on Tape (a division of Random House), is narrated by Justine Eyre and Paul Michael. According to Booklist, they "do an incredible job voicing an array of characters with European accents ranging from Dutch, French, and German". Noting that the book is particularly suited for audio because it is told in letters, they praise Eyre's "earnest and innocent" tone in her voicing of the narrator and Michael's "clear characterizations".

Film
In 2005, prior to its publication, Sony bought the film rights to the novel for $1.5 million, but has yet to go into production.

title: The Historian


text:
Hanjin Shipping

Hanjin Shipping Co., Ltd. was a South Korean logistics and container transport company. Hanjin Shipping was South Korea's largest container line and one of the world's top ten container carriers in terms of capacity.

Hanjin was declared bankrupt by South Korean courts on 17 February 2017.

History
Cho Choong Hoon founded the company in November 1945 with a single truck in the port city of Inchon. It provided the U.S. Army with the transportation of material to both Korea and Vietnam. The company signed a major contract with the US 8th Army in November 1956, and another contract in March 1966, with all of the U.S. armed forces in Vietnam, including the Army, Navy, and Air Force. In November 1969, Hanjin made its entry into the containerized shipping business signing a deal with Sea-Land Service, Inc. In September 1970, the company opened its first container yard at the port of Busan.

The late 1970s saw a major push into the Middle East with contracts signed to Kuwait at the port of Shuwaik (September 1977), Saudi Arabia at the port of Dammam (March 1979), and at the port of Jeddah (May 1980). In August 1992, the company started to load and unload cargo at the ports of Long Beach and Seattle with the joint venture Total Terminals International LLC.

After Hanjin's founder, Cho Choong-hoon, died in 2002, his eldest son, Cho Yang-ho, inherited KAL, when his third son, Cho Soo-ho, was handed Hanjin Shipping. Cho Soo-ho died from lung cancer in 2006 and his widow, Choi Eun-young, became the chairwoman of Hanjin Shipping in the following year.

Before the 2008 Global Recession, global container shipping rates were rising. Hanjin placed orders for 250,000 TEU of new ships from 2008 onwards. However, less than two months after placing the new ship orders, the 2008 Global Recession started. Hanjin reduced its ship orders, but still had seven ships delivered in the period 2010–2013 which doubled company debt to $8Bn.

In June 2014, in order to bring additional liquidity to the business, KAL acquired 33.2 percent of Hanjin Shipping. By August 2016, the company owned only 44 per cent of the container fleet in operation, and the rest was chartered-in. Container shipping rates continued to fall which resulted in financial losses.

In April 2016, Hanjin applied to its creditors for debt restructuring, in order to avoid formal insolvency proceedings. Hanjin Shipping's creditors withdrew their support after deeming a funding plan by parent company Hanjin inadequate.

On 31 August 2016, Hanjin filed for receivership at the Seoul Central District Court and requested the court to freeze its assets, after losing support from its banks the previous day. After Hanjin's receivership was publicized, creditors confiscated assets and Hanjin vessels experienced access issues in ports globally because service providers were not informed if and how they would be paid to load and unload Hanjin vessels.

On 2 September 2016, Hanjin Shipping filed papers in U.S. Bankruptcy court in Newark that allowed its vessels to dock without getting confiscated by creditors.

On 17 February 2017, Hanjin Shipping Co. was declared bankrupt by South Korean courts.

In February 2017, SM Line, a new shipping firm formed by Samra Midas (SM) Group, purchased five vessels previously owned by Hanjin. In March, SM Line acquired two of Hanjin Shipping's terminals in Korea, in the cities of Gwangyang and Incheon.

In August 2017, a South Korean bankruptcy trustee which was appointed to manage the liquidation of Hanjin Shipping reported that it had only collected 220 million USD from the sale of Hanjin's assets. This sum amounts to only 2% of the US$10.5 billion total debt Hanjin owes to its creditors.

Legacy
Hanjin Shipping was the largest bankruptcy in the container transport industry and it caused worldwide supply chain and shipping disruption as cargo ships were left stuck at ports and canals waiting for cash payments. Hanjin's bankruptcy created a massive ripple effect. Other businesses that rely on physical products found themselves without the expected revenue from inventory that became stuck at sea. The containers of other container ship companies also became stranded on Hanjin vessels. Hanjin collapsed at an especially inconvenient time for retailers furnishing their inventories with imported items in preparation for a seasonal uptick in Thanksgiving, Christmas, Black Friday, and New Year's sales. Although large companies such as Nike were affected, the repercussions were more prominent on smaller companies.

Operations
Hanjin shipping formerly operated some 60 liner and tramper services around the globe, transporting over 100 million tons of cargo annually. Its fleet consisted of many container ships, bulk and LNG carriers. Hanjin Shipping had its own subsidiaries dedicated to ocean transportation and terminal operation and it had several branch offices in various countries. Hanjin-Senator once was the seventh largest container transportation and shipping company in the world (operations ceased February 2009).

Services

 * Container – Transported approximately 3.7 million TEU containers a year. This service consisted of 24 container ships which allowed for this service to produce such an output per year. In 2010 Hanjin was the first to introduce a 10,000 TEU class carrier ship, which travelled between Asia and Europe.
 * Bulk - This division of the shipping company delivered a variety of resources and raw materials through its ‘contract of affreightment’ with other companies. The division's ships were LNG and VLCC ships which carried crude oil and chemicals.
 * Terminal – The shipping terminals for this company were distributed internationally. There were fourteen [sic] dock yards that this company owned: four in Korea, three in the United States of America, two in Japan, and one each in Spain, Taiwan, Vietnam and Belgium.

title: Hanjin Shipping


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Lucas McFadden

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete --Allen3 talk 16:56, September 5, 2005 (UTC)

Lucas McFadden
This appears to be a vanity article. The majority of the 29 Google matches for this musician refer back to Wikipedia. Delete. Hall Monitor 21:22, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - I found a few blog entries about him, but nothing noteworthy ---Outlander 21:58, August 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete; non-notable. Surprisingly though, AMG does list a Lucas McFadden,, but this one plays for a different band. Jaxl | talk 00:52, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete vanity page. Mindmatrix 13:45, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Yun Kōga

Risa Kimura (木村 理沙), better known by her pen name Yun Kōga (高河 ゆん) is a Japanese manga artist. She is married to fellow manga artist Tatsuneko, from whom he took the name of Risa Yamada (山田 理沙). She is a graduate of Mita Senior High School, Tokyo. She currently lives in Setagaya, Tokyo with her husband and daughter.

Profile
She began her career as a dōjinshi artist creating dōjinshi for works such as Saint Seiya, Captain Tsubasa and Maōden.

She debuted in a commercial magazine with the original work Metal Heart (serialized in Kobunsha's Comic VAL from November 1986). After her debut, she continued to contribute on numerous dōjin works. However, the later disbanding of a dōjin circle, Yajō Teikoku, she had founded with Maki Chikura, led to her taking numerous breaks from her commercial works. Due to this, there were incomplete works penned by her during this period.

During her years in middle school, she had been a fan of Masami Kurumada's manga series Ring ni Kakero, Fūma no Kojirō, Saint Seiya (all serialized in Weekly Shōnen Jump) and B't X (serialized in Monthly Shōnen Ace), sending Kurumada numerous fan letters asking to meet him, after which Kurumada finally agreed, inviting her to his workplace.

When asked about her penname in an interview in the September 2006 issue of Puff, she responded that she had originally thought of making it Jun Kōga, but subsequently changed it to Yun Kōga.

Among her noted works is Loveless, which has been serialized in Monthly Comic Zero Sum since 2002 and is ongoing, as well as her work Tenshichō (天使庁). She has also worked as an illustrator on the noted literary magazine Faust.

In 2007, she contributed the character designs to the Sunrise anime series, Mobile Suit Gundam 00.

Unfinished/current works

 * Loveless (LOVELESS) 2001–
 * Tenshichō (天使庁) 2002–2007
 * Kill Me (KILL ME) 2003–2006
 * Satō-kun and Tanaka-san -The blood highschool (佐藤くんと田中さん -The blood highschool) 2007–
 * 1) ISBN 978-4-7580-5601-4
 * Kurumada Suidoken Hero of Heroes (車田水滸伝 HERO OF HEROES) 2013–
 * 1) ISBN 978-4-2532-3741-3

Completed works

 * Riddle Story of Devil (Akuma no Riddle) 2012–2016
 * Earthian (アーシアン) 1987–1995
 * Saffron Zero Beat (サフラン・ゼロ・ビート) 1988–1991 ISBN 978-4-403-61326-5
 * Kodomotachi wa Yoru no Juunin (子供たちは夜の住人) 1988–1990
 * 1) ISBN 978-4-253-15621-9
 * 2) ISBN 978-4-253-15622-6
 * Rōrakaizā (ローラカイザー) 1988–1993
 * 1) ISBN 978-4-253-07542-8
 * 2) ISBN 978-4-253-07543-5
 * 3) ISBN 978-4-253-07544-2
 * 4) ISBN 978-4-253-07491-9
 * REN AI - Renai - (REN-AI 恋愛) 1989–1999
 * 1) ISBN 978-1-929090-92-1
 * 2) ISBN 978-1-929090-93-8
 * 3) ISBN 978-1-929090-94-5
 * You're My Only Shinin' Star (You're My Only Shinin' Star 君はぼくの輝ける星) 1989–1990 ISBN 978-4-06-360740-6
 * Kiga Ichizoku (飢餓一族) 1992–1993 ISBN 978-4-05-600065-8
 * Gestalt (超獣伝説ゲシュタルト) 1992–2001
 * Yousei Jiken (妖精事件) 1993–1999
 * 1) ISBN 978-4-06-360854-0
 * 2) ISBN 978-4-06-360855-7
 * 3) ISBN 978-4-06-360856-4
 * 4) ISBN 978-4-06-360857-1
 * La Vie en Rose (LA VIE EN ROSE) 1995–1998
 * 1) ISBN 978-4-253-15364-5
 * 2) ISBN 978-4-253-15365-2
 * Crown of Love (恋愛-CROWN-) 1998–2002
 * Hapipuri (はぴぷり) 1999–2001 ISBN 978-4-05-602709-9
 * Earthian Gaiden Himitsu no Hanazono (アーシアン外伝 秘密の花園) 2002 ISBN 978-1-59816-009-3
 * Bite Me

Incomplete works

 * B-gata Doumei (B型同盟) 1988–1989
 * 1) ISBN 978-4-04-852224-3
 * Genji (源氏) 1988–1995
 * 1) ISBN 978-4-403-61179-7
 * 2) ISBN 978-4-403-61188-9
 * 3) ISBN 978-4-403-61204-6
 * 4) ISBN 978-4-403-61227-5
 * 5) ISBN 978-4-403-61242-8
 * 6) ISBN 978-4-403-61280-0
 * 7) ISBN 978-4-403-61351-7
 * 8) ISBN 978-4-403-61370-8
 * Yajō Teikoku (夜嬢帝国) 1988–1989
 * 1) ISBN 978-4-253-07492-6
 * Arisu in Wonderland (ありす IN WONDERLAND) 1989–1992
 * 1) ISBN 978-4-334-80258-5
 * 2) ISBN 978-4-334-80192-2
 * Vanpu - Kyūketsu no To - (ヴァンプ-吸血の徒-) 1989–1995
 * Hurricane Hill (ハリケーン・ヒル) 1997
 * Chronicle (クロニクル) 1998
 * 1) ISBN 978-4-7575-0098-3

Short works

 * Metal Heart (メタルハート) 1986
 * Mind Size (マインドサイズ) 1986–1988
 * Glass Magic (グラス・マジック) 1988
 * Hot Staff '88 (ほっと・すたっふ'88) 1988
 * Ōkami wo Meguru Bouken (狼をめぐる冒険) 1989
 * Kugatsu no Natsu (9月の夏) 1989
 * Yakusoku no Natsu (約束の夏) 1991
 * Yousei Jiken 1992 (妖精事件 1992) 1992
 * Kurayamizaka (暗闇坂) 1999

Collaborations

 * Wakakusa Monogatari (若草物語) (original creator: Louisa May Alcott) 1985 ISBN 978-4-05-101519-0
 * Choushinka Enasu (超新化エナス) (original creator: Toshiki Hirano) 1988–1989
 * Carol - K (CAROL-K) (original creator: Naoto Kine) 1995–1998
 * Clock Tower Ghost Head (クロックタワーゴーストヘッド) (original creator: Human Entertainment) 1998
 * Majuu no Kuru Yoru (魔獣の来る夜) (Kaoru Kurimoto) 2001 ISBN 978-4-87282-802-3
 * Houkago, Nanajikan-me. (放課後、七時間目. ) (original creator: Nisio Isin) 2006
 * Mobile Suit Gundam 00 in those days (機動戦士ガンダム00 in those days) (original creator: Sunrise) 2008–2010 ISBN 978-4-04-715500-8
 * Neon Genesis Evangelion Comics Tribute (新世紀エヴァンゲリオン コミックトリビュート) (original creator: Gainax, khara inc.) 2010
 * Mobile Suit Gundam 00 Paradise TV (機動戦士ガンダム00 楽園TV) (original creator: Sunrise) 2010
 * Itsuka Dokoka no Matikado de (いつかどこかの街角で) (original creator: Sunrise) 2010

Artbook collections

 * LOVE SONGS (1988) ISBN 978-4-403-61165-0
 * SSSSPECIAL (1989) ISBN 978-4-403-61194-0
 * YOUR EYES ONLY (2005) ISBN 978-4-7580-3005-2
 * Mobile Suit Gundam 00 Kouga Yun Design Works (2009) ISBN 978-4-7580-1128-0
 * Mobile Suit Gundam 00 Kouga Yun Dear Meisters COMIC&ARTS (2009) ISBN 978-4-04-854356-9
 * Mobile Suit Gundam 00 Kouga Yun Works Complete (2010) ISBN 978-4-7580-1206-5

Other works

 * Cycland (CYCLAND サイクランド) 1991 ISBN 978-4-89369-122-4
 * Imadoki no Vampire: Bloody Bride Setting Collection (いまどきのバンパイア-高河ゆん+大貫健一設定原画集) 1997 ISBN 978-4-8470-2452-8
 * LOVELESS MIND MAP (LOVELESS MIND MAP) 2005 ISBN 978-4-7580-5167-5

Original character designs

 * Carol (Naoto Kine) - (Magic Bus)
 * High School Aura Buster (Mio Wakagi) - OVA (OLM, Inc.)
 * Imadoki no Vampire: Bloody Bride - PlayStation video game (Atlus) (dating sim)
 * Mobile Suit Gundam 00 - anime television series (Sunrise)
 * Mobile Suit Gundam 00 the Movie: Awakening of the Trailblazer - anime film (Sunrise)
 * Un-Go - anime television series (Bones)

Illustrations

 * Makenden (Seika Nagare)
 * Mangaka Marina series (Hitomi Fujimoto)
 * High School Aura Buster (Mio Wakagi)
 * Light Gene no Isan (Chōhei Kambayashi)
 * Moerurubu Tokyo Annai 2006

title: Yun Kōga


text: Category:Korean swords

title: Category:Korean swords


text:
Talk:Territorial waters

Requirement for source citations
While very interesting and informative, this article suffers from a total lack of cited sources for the may assertions of fact made within it.Moryak (talk) 22:53, 19 February 2018 (UTC)

Request for Help
At United States, we say that the Territorial waters of the United States border the Bahamas and Russia. Since territorial waters extend 12 miles from a nations coast, and since the bodies of water separating the US from each of those countries seem to be bigger than 24 miles, I am uncertain of this claims veracity. However, it is possible there is some little bitty island that does not appear on my maps, which would push out the limit. Can anyone find worthwhile sources? Johntex 21:26, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

 * The minimum separation between US and Bahamian low water marks is about 46 nautical miles between Miami Beach and Bimini, due east. Assuming that the Bahamas has claimed a contiguous zone of an addtional 12 nautical miles beyond its 12 nautical mile territorial waters just as the US has, then their combined 'territorial waters' would indeed touch. The minimum separation between Russia and the US is only about two nautical miles between Big and Little Diomede Islands midway between the 'tips' of their continental shores. In both cases, Article 15 of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (the article's external link) states that when the coasts of countries are opposite each other, the median line between each nation's baselines is the limit of their respective territorial waters, unless they agree otherwise. — Joe Kress 18:29, August 31, 2005 (UTC)

Straits between parts of the same nation
When a strait of water separates two parts of a sovereign nation, is it internal waters, territorial waters or international waters, for example the North Channel (British Isles) or the Bass Strait? JAJ 03:29, 16 April 2006 (UTC)

 * According to part 3 of the Law of the Sea, transit passage through a strait can be prevented if there is an alternate passage from high seas to high seas around it. This would apply to the Bass Strait. Part 4 allows an archipelagic state to enclose water with straight lines up to 125 nautical miles in length, which is adequate to enclose the North Channel. — Joe Kress 08:18, 16 April 2006 (UTC)

Image
I am removing the image "" because it is wrong. It does not show any bump or seaward deviation of either territorial waters or the contiguous zone around the island. The internal waters shown are suspiciously wide, about three nautical miles, on the left and right sides of the image. The baseline should be at mean low water mark there, which at this scale cannot be distinguished from permanently exposed land unless there are exceptionally wide mud flats adjacent to 'shore'. The slight indentation to the left of the island does not meet the semicircle requirement for a bay, so the baseline follows its low water mark. Two straight baselines should enclose the channel between the island and the mainland, which is a 'bay' with two entrances. The mainland has natural headlands but the island does not, thus the baselines should touch the island at points nearly tangential to the seaward side of the island. The 'bay' thus enclosed has a water area that is close to the area of a semicircle whose diameter equals the sum of the two baselines. The resulting baselines will both be at an angle of about 45°, toward the lower left and right. The only internal waters on the image should be the channel between these 45° baselines. — Joe Kress 18:22, 10 August 2006 (UTC)

Contiguous Zone
It is stated in the article that the contiguous zone is, "up to an additional 24−N nautical miles beyond the territorial sea" (emphasis added). This is incorrect; the zone is a maximum of 24 nautical miles from the coastal states baselines (defined generally as the low tide water mark). The article implies a maximum 12 nautical mile territorial sea plus a possible 24 nautical mile contiguous zone resulting in a 36 mile zone. In reality, it is a maximum 12 mile nautical territorial sea plus a maximum 12 nautical mile contiguous zone, resulting in a 24 mile zone. See Article 33(2) of the 1982 Law of the Sea Convention. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 129.173.240.109 (talk) 18:42, 9 November 2007 (UTC)

 * You have ignored the N is "24−N"! It is defined immediately after your partial quote: "Control over a contiguous zone, up to an additional 24−N nautical miles beyond the territorial sea, where the territorial sea is N nautical miles wide, N≤12, ..." So if a nation claims a 12 nautical mile territorial sea, it can only claim a 24−12 = 12 nm contiguous zone beyond it. But if a nation claims only a 6 nm territorial sea, as do the Dominican Republic, Greece, and Turkey, it can still claim an additional 24−6 = 18 nm contiguous zone beyond its territorial waters. Furthermore, 33(1) states, "In a zone contiguous to its territorial sea, described as the contiguous zone, ..." Thus the contiguous zone, as its name implies, does not include any territorial waters claimed by a nation, but is an additional zone beyond those territorial waters. Both I and the editor who added 24−N agree here. The Oxford English Dictionary defines contiguous as "touching, in contact, adjoining. Foll. by to", which also implies that the items are distinct. Nevertheless, the announcement wherein the United States claimed its contiguous zone (cited in the article) took some liberty here: It "extends the U.S. 'contiguous zone' from 12 to 24 miles" (implying that the contiguous zone includes territorial waters), but in the next paragraph states "Under international law, a nation can claim a territorial sea up to 12 nautical miles from its coast, and a contiguous zone extending an additional 12 miles." (implying that the contiguous zone does not include territorial waters). — Joe Kress 22:11, 9 November 2007 (UTC)

 * I think the problem might be the unnecessarily mathematical description "up to an additional 24−N nautical miles beyond the territorial sea, where the territorial sea is N nautical miles wide, N≤12". If you were just skimming over the article, it would be easy to misread that the 24-N as 24N (i.e. 24 nautical miles).  Unless anyone objects, I'll change this to a more plain-English description, such as "A Contiguous Zone extends from the limit of the territorial sea, up to a distance of 24 nautical miles from the baseline", possibly also adding "In cases where the country in question has claimed less than 12nm for its territorial waters, its contiguous zone may therefore be more than 12nm wide".
 * Unless it has already been added (and I have just missed it), it needs to be mentioned that when territorial/contiguous zones belonging to different countries intersect, then the median line is taken as the boundary. Wardog 13:03, 14 November 2007 (UTC)

 * I have no objection to your first suggestion for a plain English description in place of the mathematical description. A median line between neighboring countries for territorial waters probably should be added, noting that the countries can agree otherwise as allowed in Article 15. But no such median line is mentioned in the Law of the Sea for a contiguous zone, so it cannot be mentioned here. No such median line exists for exclusive economic zones (Art.74), continental shelves (Art. 83), or enclosed or semi-enclosed seas (Art. 123)—only a treaty or a court can determine the demarcation between countries for those areas. — Joe Kress (talk) 05:18, 17 November 2007 (UTC)

Not just "Territorial waters"
This article contains a lot more than just info about territorial waters (i.e. a lot about contiguous zones, EEZs, baselines, etc). Indeed, it contains more about some of those subjects than their own articles do. I suggest much of this article should be either transfered to those others, or into a new "maritime boundaries" article.

Does anyone else have any thoughts on this? Wardog 12:41, 14 November 2007 (UTC)

I've just realised that "contiguous zone" redirects here. If it is intentional that one article should be covering both things, should not the title be changed to reflect that? Wardog 12:48, 14 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Your renaming suggestion would violate the official Wikipedia policy on naming conventions, which requires that the article's name "should prefer what the majority of English speakers would most easily recognize". People know about "territorial waters" but not "maritime boundaries". Furthermore, "Names of Wikipedia articles should be optimized for readers over editors; and for a general audience over specialists." Thus although we make a distinction between territorial waters, contiguous zones, exclusive economic zones, etc., the general reader does not. Just note that the news about Ireland's claim to its continental shelf called it an extension of Ireland's "territorial waters". For the same reason, all of these similar subjects should be discussed here and not in separate articles. Wikipedia specifies that redirects be identified within the target article by making the redirect name bold, which is what this article does—the name of the article does not need to include both items. Anyway, this is covered by the name "territorial waters" as for as the general reader is concerned. — Joe Kress (talk) 05:18, 17 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Point taken (I wasn't aware of that particular policy). However, it still remains that the article is titled "territorial waters", leads by defining them using the technical definition ("Territorial waters, or a territorial sea, is a belt of coastal waters extending at most twelve nautical miles (but possibly less, at the coastal country's discretion) from the mean low water mark of a littoral state that is regarded as the sovereign territory of the state"), and then spends the next paragraph discussing actual "territorial waters".  There is nothing in the lead to indicate that the article discusses a more general concept of "territorial waters", until you actually get to them.  Furthermore, there is more about baselines in this article than in the baseline article itself.

 * I suggest at the very least, the lead to this article is changed to make clear that "territorial waters" has both a specific, legal meaning, as well as a more general, popularly-understood meaning (internal waters + territorial waters + contiguous zone + EEZ + continental shelf). The concept and definition of the baseline also needs to be better described, although IMO that should be in its own article rather than here.  We would also need to make sure that we don't duplicate (here or elsewhere) too much of what is already in the UNCLOS article. Wardog (talk) 11:41, 19 November 2007 (UTC)

 * I agree that the informal use of territorial waters, which includes all areas defined in the Law of the Sea, should be mentioned at the head of this article. Some editors think that anything that can be discussed must have its own article, even if it is only one sentence. I disagree, believing it is better to discuss everything in one article. Only if that single article becomes too large (defined by Wikipedia as 32 KB) should subsections be split off. Thus the baseline (sea) article should redirect here, especially since all areas defined in LOS depend on it. Thanks for mentioning the UNCLOS article, which I had ignored. That article basically discusses the history of UNCLOS. Only a minimal amount of technical info is included, so it is independent of the technical articles. — Joe Kress (talk) 01:10, 21 November 2007 (UTC)

There are a lot of misinformation here. First, Territorial waters is not equal to Territorial sea. The latter is a technical term refering to a portion of the Maritime zone provided for in the UNCLOS while the former is an informal term used to describe all waters deemed part of the territory of a state (internal waters+territorial sea+contiguous zone+EEZ+Extended Continental Shelf). Second, since this article talks about the Territorial waters and not Territorial sea, the preliminary, introductory paragraph/s should not use the legal definition provided in UNCLOS (12 Nautical miles...etc) as that definition is describing the Territorial sea, not the Territorial waters. Third, I agree that the title of this article is appropriate, in that Territorial waters covers all of those waters/sea mentioned in UNCLOS. However, these waters/seas are officially called "Maritime Zones" in the UNCLOS, and I believe it is worthwhile to include that term, at least in the preliminary paragraph, if not in the main title. Finally, baseline is important in determining and measuring the areas covered by (especially the length and breath) the maritime zones. That's why, it is important that that is included in this article. To avoid it becoming irrelevant, the Title or the preliminary paragraph should mention the term Maritime zone and the UNCLOS. — Danryan132 (talk) 14:33, 3 November 2018 (UTC)

 * I couldn't find the term 'maritime zone' in the convention text. Also I wondered why this broader meaning should have precedence over the narrower one: in the first dozens of Google hits, almost all use territorial waters as another expression for territorial sea. Bever (talk) 05:39, 31 December 2018 (UTC)

Question - Nautical miles exact but kilometres not exact
Throughout this article, distances measured in nautical miles are exact legal definitions, while those in kilometres are approximate conversions that are not stated in any law or treaty.

I thought a nautical mile was specified as exactly 1852 m - is this not formally stated in any law or treaty? Or is this just referring to the fact that the km figures are rounded off? --Random832 (contribs) 19:17, 21 July 2008 (UTC)

 * Neither the rounded conversions in kilometres within this article nor exact conversions in metres are stated in any law or treaty related to the Law of the Sea. That is, distances in laws or treaties related to the Law of the Sea are only stated in nautical miles—no conversion into any other unit of measure is contained within the law or treaty. The exact conversion of 1852 metres was defined in 1929 by an international conference, but had to be separately accepted by each individual nation by law. The United States did not legally accept that conversion until 1954. It is possible that there are some nations that still have not accepted it. Consequently, limits in treaties between nations can only be specified in nautical miles, the unit that has been used historically. The kilometers given in this article are for convenience only—they have no legal authority. — Joe Kress (talk) 03:58, 22 July 2008 (UTC)

Inconsistency re Iran
Iran is listed as both claiming and not claiming a contiguous zone in the article. Do we know which is correct? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 118.208.134.234 (talk) 23:10, 13 December 2011 (UTC)

extended boundaries Anguilla, Virgin Islands
Do the territorial waters from Anguilla and Virgin Islands extend 12 nautical miles from the baseline? Wikipedia says 3 nm.

"This Order extends the boundaries of the British Overseas Territory of Anguilla so as to include, as territorial sea, the sea within twelve nautical miles of the baselines of Anguilla, together with its seabed and subsoil, and makes other provisions in this connection" Anguilla: http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2007/2916/pdfs/uksi_20072916_en.pdf Virgin Islands: http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2007/2141/pdfs/uksi_20072141_en.pdf

I've found those documents here: http://www.un.org/Depts/los/LEGISLATIONANDTREATIES/STATEFILES/GBR.htm — Preceding unsigned comment added by Archer90 (talk • contribs) 11:26, 19 August 2014 (UTC)
 * I've changed it according to the documents mentioned above. --Archer90 (talk) 09:02, 2 September 2014 (UTC)

Territorial waters Ecuador and Republic of the Congo
Ecuador claims 200 nautical miles territorial waters and the Republic of the Congo claims 12 nautical miles territorial waters according to this document (as at 15 July 2011): http://www.un.org/depts/los/LEGISLATIONANDTREATIES/PDFFILES/table_summary_of_claims.pdf

Congo signed UNCLOS in 2008. No good source found yet. CIA World Factbook states out that Congo has 200 nautical miles territorial sea in contrast of the UN table which says 12 nautical miles: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cf.html For Ecuador the CIA World Factbook confirms the 200 nautical miles claim: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ec.html — Preceding unsigned comment added by Archer90 (talk • contribs) 20:41, 14 September 2014 (UTC)

 * Ecuador revised its claim to 12 NM when it ratified UNCLOS in 2012: . The World Factbook is out of date. GeoEvan (talk) 19:19, 15 September 2014 (UTC)

South China Sea disputes
Is there some reason not to mention Territorial disputes in the South China Sea in this article - Perhaps in See also ? - Rod57 (talk) 16:21, 11 September 2018 (UTC)

"Coastal waters" listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has identified a potential problem with the redirect Coastal waters and has thus listed it for discussion. This discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2022 May 31 until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. EMsmile (talk) 08:33, 31 May 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Territorial waters


text:
Thelin

Thelin may refer to:
 * Sitaxentan, a medication

People with the surname

 * Björn Thelin (1942–2017), a member of The Spotnicks
 * Eje Thelin (1938–1990), a Swedish trombonist
 * Howard J. Thelin (1921–2011)
 * Håkon Thelin (born 1976), a Norwegian musician
 * Isaac Kiese Thelin (born 1992), a Swedish footballer
 * Jimmy Thelin (born 1978), a Swedish footballer
 * Mats Thelin (born 1961), a Swedish retired ice hockey player
 * Tommy Thelin (born 1983), a Swedish footballer
 * Adrien Thélin (1842–1922), a Swiss politician

title: Thelin


text:
Chris Lindsay

Christian Haller Lindsay (July 24, 1878 – January 25, 1941), nicknamed "Pinky" and "the Crab", was an American first baseman in Major League Baseball who played in and  for the Detroit Tigers. Listed at 6ft 0in, 190 lb., Lindsay batted and threw right-handed. He was born in Moon Township, Pennsylvania. In two-season career, Lindsay was a .242 hitter (200-for-828) with 97 runs and 64 RBI in 229 games, including 30 doubles, three triples, and 28 stolen bases without home runs.

Lindsay died at the age of 62 in Cleveland, Ohio.

title: Chris Lindsay


text:
Scripps

Scripps may refer to:

People

 * Edward W. Scripps (1854–1926), American publisher and media financier
 * Ellen Browning Scripps (1836–1932), American philanthropist, half-sister of Edward W. Scripps
 * James E. Scripps (1835–1906), American newspaper publisher, brother of Ellen Browning Scripps
 * Samuel H. Scripps (1927–2007), American philanthropist in theater and dance, grandson of Edward W. Scripps
 * Anne Scripps (1946–1993), heiress to the Scripps newspaper publishing and great-great granddaughter of James E. Scripps
 * Charles Scripps (1920–2007), chairman of the board of the E. W. Scripps Company and grandson of Edward W. Scripps
 * Dan Scripps, American politician
 * John Locke Scripps (1818–1866), attorney, journalist, and author. First cousin once removed of E.W. Scripps
 * John Martin Scripps (1959–1996), British serial killer
 * Natalee Scripps (born 1978), New Zealand cricketer
 * William Edmund Scripps (1882–1952), American founder of WWJ radio, son of James E. Scripps

Organizations and enterprises

 * E. W. Scripps Company, American media conglomerate founded by Edward W. Scripps
 * Scripps Center, office building owned by E. W. Scripps Company in Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.
 * Scripps Howard Foundation, the corporate foundation of the E. W. Scripps Company
 * Scripps National Spelling Bee, annual American competition sponsored by E. W. Scripps Company
 * Scripps Networks Interactive, American cable TV media company spun-off from E. W. Scripps Company
 * Scripps Health, a not-for-profit, community-based health care delivery network in San Diego, California, U.S.
 * Scripps Institution of Oceanography, an ocean and earth science institution in San Diego, California, U.S.
 * Scripps League Newspapers, a newspaper publishing company in the United States founded by Josephine Scripps in 1921
 * Scripps Research, American medical research facility
 * Scripps-Booth, early 20th century American automobile company

Places

 * Scripps Canyon, underwater gorge in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of southern California
 * Scripps Coastal Reserve, reserve located west of UC San Diego in La Jolla Farms
 * Scripps Cottage, part of the campus of San Diego State University in San Diego, California, U.S.
 * Scripps Formation, a geologic formation in coastal San Diego County, California
 * Scripps Heights, heights on the east coast of Palmer Land, Antarctica
 * Scripps Mansion, personal estate of William Edmund Scripps in Lake Orion, Michigan, U.S.
 * Scripps Ranch, San Diego, community in San Diego, California, U.S.

Schools

 * Scripps College, women's college in Claremont, California, U.S.
 * Scripps College of Communication, a division of Ohio University, U.S.
 * E. W. Scripps School of Journalism, part of the college

title: Scripps


text:
Marcus O'Day

Marcus Driver O'Day (1897–1961) was an American physicist.

In 1918, he entered the military service in Eugene, Oregon after graduating from Centralia, Washington. He then attended the University of Oregon where he was assigned to the Students Army Training Corps, and was discharged at the end of the year.

Beginning in 1926 O'Day taught physics at Reed College. During World War II, he was employed at the MIT Radiation Laboratory where he worked on the radar IFF system.

In 1945 he joined the Air Force Cambridge Research Labs. In 1946 and 1947 he guided a team named the Blossom research group, that worked to launch scientific payloads into the ionosphere using V-2 rockets that had been brought to the United States from Germany following the war. He was also a member of the Rocket and Satellite Research Panel until it ceased operating in 1960.

He would theorize in 1958 that solar power could be used to sustain a colony on the Moon, and hypothesized that there may be water under the lunar surface.

The crater O'Day on the Moon is named after him, as is the "Marcus D. O'Day award".

title: Marcus O'Day


text:
James Cockle

Sir James Cockle FRS FRAS FCPS (14 January 1819 – 27 January 1895) was an English lawyer and mathematician.

Cockle was born on 14 January 1819. He was the second son of James Cockle, a surgeon, of Great Oakley, Essex. Educated at Charterhouse and Trinity College, Cambridge, he entered the Middle Temple in 1838, practising as a special pleader in 1845 and being called in 1846. Joining the midland circuit, he acquired a good practice, and on the recommendation of Chief Justice Sir William Erle he was appointed as the first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Queensland in Queensland, Australia on 21 February 1863; he served until his retirement on 24 June 1879. Cockle was made a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) on 1 June 1865. He received the honour of knighthood on 29 July 1869. He returned to England in 1878.

Personal life
Sir James married Adelaide, who became Lady Cockle when he was knighted in 1869.

His residence Oakwal in Windsor, Queensland, Brisbane is listed on the Queensland Heritage Register. It is believed they derived the name Oakwal from Cockle's birthplace at Great Oakley in Essex and his wife's birthplace of Walton in Suffolk.

Mathematical and scientific investigations
Cockle is also remembered for his mathematical and scientific investigations. For instance he invented the number systems of tessarines and coquaternions, and worked with Arthur Cayley (1821–1895) on the theory of linear algebra. Like many young mathematicians he attacked the problem of solving the quintic equation, notwithstanding Abel–Ruffini theorem that a solution by radicals was impossible. In this field Cockle achieved some notable results, amongst which is his reproduction of Sir William R. Hamilton's modification of Abel's theorem. Algebraic forms were a favourite object of his studies. He also made contributions to the theory of differential equations, in particular the development of the theory of differential invariants or criticoids.

He displayed a keen interest in scientific societies. From 1863 to 1879 he was president of the Queensland Philosophical Society (now incorporated in the Royal Society of Queensland); on his return to England he became associated with the London Mathematical Society, of which he was president from 1886 to 1888, and the Royal Astronomical Society, serving as a member of the council from 1888 to 1892. He died in London on 27 January 1895.

An obituary notice by the Revd. Robert Harley was published in 1895 in Proc. Roy. Soc. vol. 59. A volume containing his scientific and mathematical researches made during the years 1864–1877 was presented to the British Museum in 1897 by his widow. Like his father, Cockle became wealthy during his lifetime, leaving an estate of £32,169, which is approximately £2.7 million if adjusted for inflation as of 2008.

Works
Biodiversity Heritage Library has London-Dublin-Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine, series 3 and 4, where articles by James Cockle were published:
 * 1848: On Certain Functions Resembling Quaternions and on a New Imaginary in Algebra, 33:435–9.
 * 1849: On a New Imaginary in Algebra 34:37–47.
 * 1849: On the Symbols of Algebra and on the Theory of Tessarines 34:406–10.
 * 1849: On Systems of Algebra involving more than one Imaginary, and on Equations of the Fifth Degree 35: 434 to 7
 * 1850: On the True Amplitude of a Tessarine, on the Origin of the word Theodolite, and on Light under the action of Magnetism 36:290-2.
 * 1850: On Impossible Equations, on Impossible Quantities and on Tessarines 37:281–3.
 * 1851: On the Solution of Certain Systems of Equations series 4, 2: 289 to 93
 * 1852: On Algebraic Transformation, on Quadruple Algebra and on the Theory of Equations, series 4, 3 : 436 to 39
 * 1852: On the Method of Symmetric Products 4: 492 to 96
 * 1853 Method of Symmetric Products, continued 5: 170 to 74
 * 1853: Fragment on Multiple Values 6: 444 to 48
 * 1854: On Method of Symmetric Products, concluded 7: 130 to 38

Cockle also wrote a series "Method of Vanishing Groups" for the Cambridge and Dublin Mathematical Journal, volumes and pages 2: 267 to 73, 3: 179 to 81, and 4: 174 to 78.

title: James Cockle


text: User talk:193.38.88.6

title: User talk:193.38.88.6


text: Category:Hurricane Katrina

title: Category:Hurricane Katrina


text:
Matthias Tanner

Matthias Tanner was a Czech Jesuit and writer, born at Pilsen in Bohemia, 28 February 1630; died at Prague, 8 February 1692.

Biography
Matthias Tanner entered the Society of Jesus in 1646. The greatest part of his life was spent at Prague, where he taught humanities, philosophy, theology, and Scripture, was made rector of the imperial university, and guided for six years the Bohemian province of his order.

Tanner frequently retold the stories of prominent Jesuits, hoping to inspire other members of his order to imitate them. He was also known for his extreme reverence while celebrating Mass; his biographer describes the sight attracting crowds to the altar.

He died in Prague on February 8, 1692.

Works
Tanner wrote two Jesuit hagiographies:
 * Societas Jesu ad sanguinis et vitae profusionem militans ("A history of the lives and deaths of those Jesuits who suffered martyrdom for the faith")
 * Societas Jesu Apostolorum imitatrix (describing the history of Jesuit missionaries)

His other works include:
 * Explanation of the Bloody Sacrifice of Christ in the Unbloody Sacrifice of the Mass (three editions)
 * a pamphlet proclaiming God's wrath against those who should dare to desecrate holy temples by their misbehavior
 * Dialogus controversisticus, a widely-read work on the validity of the Holy orders conferred on Andrew Frommens during the lifetime of his wife.

title: Matthias Tanner


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Trufab

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was KEEP. Linuxbeak | Talk 23:42, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

Trufab
Appears to be advertising, and I can't see anything notable about the companies anyway. Finbarr Saunders 21:29, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as nn, Usrnme h8er 09:08, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * This afd nomination was orphaned. Listing now.  No opinion.  (See also Articles for deletion/Trufab (UK).) —Cryptic (talk) 09:26, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * This is a disambiguation article. It makes no sense to describe a disambiguation article as non-notable. Uncle G 14:48, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, if redlinked trufab is non-notable, the Trufab (UK) can be moved back here, but that's not a question for Afd. Kappa 03:02, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Trufab