text:
Mark Halperin

Mark Evan Halperin (born January 11, 1965) is an American journalist, television cable host, and commentator for the conservative Newsmax TV. Halperin previously had worked as the political director for ABC News, where he also served as the editor of the Washington, D.C., newsletter The Note. In 2010, Halperin joined MSNBC, becoming the senior political analyst and a contributor. Along with John Heilemann, Halperin served as co-managing editor of Bloomberg Politics. Halperin and Heilemann co-wrote Game Change and Double Down: Game Change 2012, were co-hosts of MSNBC and Bloomberg's With All Due Respect, and produced and co-starred with Mark McKinnon in Showtime's The Circus: Inside the Greatest Political Show on Earth, which followed the presidential candidates behind the scenes of their campaigns in the 2016 United States Presidential Election.

In response to more than a dozen allegations of workplace sexual harassment and sexual assault at his prior position at ABC News, Halperin was fired by both Showtime Networks and NBC News towards the end of October 2017.

Since 2020, Halperin has appeared on Newsmax TV as a contributor and is the host of their weekly Sunday show, Mark Halperin's Focus Group.

Early life and education
Halperin was born to a Jewish family, the son of Morton Halperin, a foreign policy expert and staff member of the National Security Council during the presidential administration of Richard Nixon; and Ina Weinstein Halperin Young. He was born in New York City but raised in Bethesda, Maryland.

In 1982, before he began his senior year at Walt Whitman High School, he lived with a family in Japan as part of the Youth for Understanding program. He received his B.A. from Harvard University in 1987.

Career
In 1997, he was named the political director for ABC News. In that capacity, Halperin appeared frequently as a correspondent and political analyst for ABC News television and radio programs. He founded and edited The Note, which appeared daily on ABCNews.com.

In October 2006, Halperin and John F. Harris, published a book together, The Way to Win: Clinton, Bush, Rove, and How to Take the White House in 2008.

Since 2006, Halperin has served as a board member of the New Hampshire Institute of Politics at Saint Anselm College in Goffstown, New Hampshire. He has been on their public advisory board since it was created in 2008.

In March 2007, Halperin became a political analyst for ABC News and was replaced as political director by David Chalian. In May 2007, he was hired as a political analyst and editor at large for Time magazine. In June 2010, he was hired as a senior political analyst at MSNBC. In 2011, Time released an iPad app called "Mark Halperin 2012" that contains material from Halperin's "The Page" as well as video, photos, breaking news, and Halperin's take on the news.

Criticism
On June 30, 2011, Halperin was suspended from his duties at MSNBC for "slurring" President Barack Obama on the program Morning Joe, after he said of Obama "I thought he was kind of a dick" " for his performance at the previous day's press conference. His suspension was lifted a month later.

In December 2011, Halperin was listed as number 1 in Salon's 2011 Hack List, his reporting described as "shallow and predictable" as well as "both fixated solely on the horse race and also uniquely bad at analyzing the horse race."

Alex Shephard, writing in The New Republic, criticized his coverage for being "totally fixated" on the horse race and for shallow analysis, and "that he’s wanted to carry Donald Trump's bags for years."

Conversely, Benjamin Wallace-Wells of The New Yorker wrote that Halperin's The Circus is "both an argument for horse-race journalism and a way to see its inner workings, and so to track Heilemann and Halperin in their long traipse across the American interior is to see the media discovering its own vulnerabilities, just as Trump was exploiting them."

The Washington Post's Dana Milbank called Halperin's analysis in the 2016 United States presidential campaign "soulless" and "amoral", citing several instances when Halperin praised Republican nominee Donald Trump. Milbank noted that Halperin had declared on Morning Joe in March 2016 that Trump was "one of the two most talented presidential candidates any of us have covered." Earlier, in January 2020, also on “Morning Joe,” Halperin said Trump’s attacks on the Clintons were “politically brilliant.” In June 2016, on his Bloomberg TV show, With All Due Respect, Milbank noted Halperin asserted that "it's not racial" for Trump to attempt to disqualify an Indiana-born federal judge as a "Mexican" because of his ancestry. His reason: "Mexico isn't a race."

In November 2016, NBC's Brian Williams said Halperin had "gone out of his way" to give Trump favorable coverage. "When Donald Trump complains he is not getting favorable coverage in the MSM"—making reference to the mainstream media—"he has not been listening to you this cycle", Williams said to Halperin on Williams' show. "I think you've gone out of your way to find the path, argue for the path, forge the path for him in an argumentative way with your cohost to the nomination."

Sexual harassment allegations
On October 26, 2017, CNN reported that five women had accused Halperin of sexual harassment. One woman told the network she was assaulted after visiting Halperin in the early 2000s. "I went up to have a soda and talk and—he just kissed me and grabbed my boobs", the woman said. "I just froze. I didn't know what to do."

Yet another woman told CNN that Halperin once pressed his penis to her shoulder during the 2004 campaign cycle. "I was obviously completely shocked", she said. "Given I was so young and new, I wasn't sure if that was the sort of thing that was expected of you if you wanted something from a male figure in news."

And another former ABC News woman employee, told CNN that she had been on the road with Halperin when he propositioned her. "I excused myself to go to the bathroom and he was standing there when I opened the door, propositioning [me] to go into the other bathroom to do something", she said. "It freaked me out. I came out of the ladies' room and he was just standing there. Like almost blocking the door."

CNN also reported that three other women described Halperin, "without consent, pressing an erection against their bodies while he was clothed." One woman recalled an incident during which "Halperin had pressed his genitals against her while she was seated in his office."

Halperin apologized for pursuing "relationships with women that I worked with, including some junior to me", but he also denied allegations that he had ever pressed his genitals against one woman and grabbed another woman's breast. He further announced that he would temporarily leave his daily work to "properly deal with this situation."

Later that day, NBC News released a statement saying that in light of the allegations, Halperin would not return as a senior political analyst "until the questions around his past conduct are fully understood." HBO announced it would no longer go forward with a planned miniseries about the presidential election that was based in part on Halperin's then-upcoming book on the 2016 election. The premium cable channel said in a statement, "HBO has no tolerance for sexual harassment within the company or its productions." Penguin Press also canceled the latest installment of the Game Change series Halperin was co-authoring with John Heilemann, which HBO had already canceled plans to adapt.

A day after their first story, CNN ran a second story revealing that the number of women accusing Halperin of misconduct had grown to "at least a dozen". In a lengthy statement published in response to the CNN report, Halperin denied several of the new allegations, including ones that he masturbated in front of anyone or physically assaulted anyone. He apologized to the women he "mistreated" while acknowledging that he recognized he had a problem near the end of his tenure at ABC, received weekly counseling sessions, and ended the behavior; however, a later report from The Daily Beast included an allegation of harassment from 2011.

On October 30, 2017, both NBC and MSNBC terminated Halperin's contract with the networks. On January 3, 2018, Showtime replaced Halperin on The Circus with CBS News anchor Alex Wagner.

Comeback attempts
According to a May 3, 2019, report in The Daily Beast, Halperin worked on repairing his reputation during the first quarter of 2019 with a goal of returning as a pundit on television and radio. According to the article, Halperin enlisted the help of Michael Smerconish, Mika Brzezinski, and Joe Scarborough on an under-the-radar yet calculated professional rehabilitation campaign. Since the beginning of 2019, Halperin resumed posting on Twitter and launched a new political blog titled "Mark Halperin’s Wide World of News" in mid-April. Around the same time, Halperin appeared on Sirius XM with Smerconish, where he said he has been working with the Fortune Society, a New York City-based nonprofit organization that provides essential support to the formerly incarcerated.

On August 18, 2019, publisher Regan Arts announced that Halperin had signed a new book deal. The book, entitled How to Beat Trump: America's Top Political Strategists on What It Will Take, was published in early-November 2019. Contributors to the book include David Axelrod, Donna Brazile, and James Carville. Both CNN and NBC declined to promote the book.

After news broke about the upcoming book, there was widespread criticism and outrage, with Gretchen Carlson calling the deal "a slap in the face to all women." Rebecca Katz, a political strategist said on Twitter, "you can beat Trump without supporting the career rehabilitation of Mark Halperin." CNN political commentator Karen Finney called Halperin "a predator" and denounced publisher Regan Arts. Eleanor McManus, whom as a 21-year-old job seeker at ABC Halperin attempted to force himself upon, commented: "He leveraged his position as a prominent journalist to prey on women... Giving him a book once again puts him in a position of authority and that is a slap in the face to all the women that he has victimized."

According to a September 9, 2019, report in The Daily Beast, Halperin allegedly made vague threats toward MSNBC president Phil Griffin during a phone call after Griffin refused to approve a possible collaboration with the Morning Joe team earlier in 2019.

In 2020, Halperin began appearing on Newsmax TV as a contributor and as the host of its weekly Sunday show, Mark Halperin's Focus Group.

Personal life
Halperin resides in New York City with his girlfriend, Karen Avrich, co-author of Sasha and Emma.

title: Mark Halperin


text:
Talk:The Flickering Torch Mystery

FWDixon/Finnan is a spammer and plagiarist with more than 100 links from Wiki to his web site to sell books on Amazon. This will not be allowed. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 69.205.13.193 (talk • contribs) 17:32, 20 August 2005  (UTC)

 * See discussion with anon about links in question here. ∞ Who ? ¿ ?  19:19, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

See [] for discussion about User FWDixon/Bob Finnan's link spamming and plagiarism.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:The Flickering Torch Mystery


text:
Forty-spotted pardalote

The forty-spotted pardalote (Pardalotus quadragintus) is one of Australia's rarest birds and by far the rarest pardalote, being confined to a few colonies in the south-east corner of Tasmania, mainly on Maria Island and Bruny Island.

Description
A small, energetic passerine about 9 to 10 cm long, the forty-spot is similar to the much commoner spotted pardalote (Pardalotus punctatus), but has a dull greenish-brown back and head, compared to the more colourful plumage of the latter, with which it shares its range, and there is no brow line. The rump is olive, the under-tail dull yellow. The chest is white with light yellow tints. The wings are black with white tips, appearing as many (closer to 60 than 40) discrete dots when the wings are folded. There is no seasonal variation in plumage; juveniles are slightly less colourful than the adults.

Distribution and habitat
The forty-spotted pardalote is found reliably only in a few isolated colonies on south-eastern Tasmania, most notably on Maria Island and  Bruny Island. These two islands contain 99% of the species' population; there are a few colonies scattered across mainland Tasmania, and there may be a few left on Flinders Island. In 2009 there were 450 individuals on Bruny Island and 974 on Maria Island. A 2009 survey counted 1,486 birds at 54 of the 102 colonies surveyed; this compares with 3,840 individuals counted in 121 colonies in 1991 to 1997 – a loss of 47% of colonies.

The birds are found almost exclusively in dry eucalypt forests with high concentration of the Eucalyptus viminalis (white gum), where it forages almost exclusively. This species provides around 80% of the nestlings' diet.

Conservation
In the 17 years prior to 2010/2011, there had been a decrease of up to 60% in overall population. It is listed by the IUCN as endangered, because of its very small range, its highly fragmented distribution and its very small breeding area.

Threats include land clearing for sheep farming, low rainfall linked to climate change; bushfires; competitors such as noisy miners and striated pardalotes; predators  such as the (introduced) laughing kookaburras; and the native parasitic fly Passeromyia longicornis.

Behaviour
Forty-spots form pairs and are territorial during the breeding season, but may form small flocks during the winter. They are insect hunters and forage methodically for small insects in the canopy. They nest in tree hollows and occasionally in ground burrows.

title: Forty-spotted pardalote


text:
Talk:Rover Boys

(old external links)
FWDixon/Finnan is a spammer and plagiarist with more than 100 links from Wiki to his web site to sell books on Amazon. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 69.205.13.193 (talk • contribs) 17:33, 20 August 2005  (UTC)

 * See discussion with anon about links in question here ∞ Who ? ¿ ?  19:18, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

 * 17:06, 24 August 2005 64.12.117.10See [] for discussion about User FWDixon/Bob Finnan's link spamming and plagiarism. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 64.12.117.10 (talk • contribs) 17:06, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Rovers1stSeries.jpg
Image:Rovers1stSeries.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 10:36, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

Publication data
Who was the first publisher of these books? How did the arrangement change when Edward Stratemeyer founded his Stratemeyer Syndicate in 1906 (we say there)?

The U.S. Library of Congress catalogs two books in its collection as in "Famous Rover boys' series" --a listing derived from #13 The Rover Boys on Treasure Isle, 1909. For that so-called series it gives overall "place/Issuing body: NY Grosset & Dunlap". Those two records in turn it give NY: The Mershon co., 1900 and NY: Chatterton-Peck Company, 1908. And give personal names Stratemeyer and Winfield respectively, for which it links 20 and 134 catalog records.

--P64 (talk) 16:31, 11 June 2015 (UTC)

Questioning importance of Legacy and Main Characters
The Main Characters section appears to be a listing of just about everyone who appears in the books. Are all those names helpful? Also, some have a * after the name, but there's no information on what those *s represent.

I'm unsure if the trivia within the Legacy section is important. Instead of listing every time the series was mentioned on TV or films, would it be better to just state the books were popular, and then give two or three examples of the series being mentioned?

I'm no expert on the Rover Boys, I came here to learn a little, noticed the lack of references, and did some research to add sources. I don't feel comfortable deleting big chunks of the Main Characters and Legacy sections when I've never read any of the books, so I'll just record my concerns. Karenthewriter (talk) 02:01, 4 June 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Rover Boys


text:
Talk:Ultra-Thriller

FWDixon/Finnan is a spammer and plagiarist with more than 100 links from Wiki to his web site to sell books on Amazon. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 69.205.13.193 (talk • contribs) 17:34, 20 August 2005  (UTC)

 * See discussion with anon about links in question here ∞ Who ? ¿ ?  19:17, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

See [] for discussion about User FWDixon/Bob Finnan's link spamming and plagiarism.

More on the link spamming and commercial advertising. Example http://hardyboys.bobfinnan.com/hbpb.htm is just a list of titles that all have links to Amazon. All of the books summaries were copied from Amazon. Every HB Digest title, Casefiles title, Clues Brothers title, Supermysteries title, Ultra Thriller title and so on has a link to Amazon and all summaries were copied from Amazon. Does that tell anyone something?

All info on the Ultra Thriller, TSIII and TSIV books on The Unofficial Tom Swift Web site link was copied straight from the back of the paperbacks. These are commercial links with no original content and should be identified as commercial links. This would be consistent with how the owner's link on the Nancy Drew page was handled. Otherwise the links should be removed. 69.205.9.31 18:31, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ultra-Thriller


text:
Teledentistry

Teledentistry is the use of information technology and telecommunications for dental care, consultation, education, and public awareness (compare telehealth and telemedicine).

History
In 1994, the Department of Defense introduced the Total Dental Access Program (TDA) for the Army. The goals of TDA were to increase soldier's access to care and reduce associated costs. At the time, they used what was called the plain-old-telephone-system (POTS).

In the early nineteen nineties, videoconferencing, e-mail, fax, and telephone calls were used but more recently, video conferencing and high-quality image transfer have become easily accessible. These, and the considerable improvements in digital camera technology, have provided radical new opportunities.

Nearly a third of all Americans do not visit a dentist regularly enough, according to the Gallup-Healthways Well-Being Index. There are many reasons for this, most notably affordability, access and fear.

Several teledental companies operate in the United States. Direct-to-consumer orthodontics companies like SmileDirectClub also utilize teledentistry, but have drawn criticism regarding proper supervision of care.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, dental practices were ordered to be shutdown to help curb the spread of the coronavirus. As a means of providing a method by which dentists could still communicate with their patients during the shutdown, teledentistry became adopted across the world. In the US, several laws had been enacted to curb the rise of direct-to-consumer orthodontics which also invalidated the use of teledentistry by duly licensed dentists. These laws were quickly rescinded to address the pandemic and hence teledentistry is now widely used by dentists in the US.

Methods
 Live Video (Synchronous): Live two-way video between a patient and provider using audiovisual telecommunications technology. Live video is often used to triage patients to the appropriate level of care or for specialty consultations. The American Dental Association has designated the code D9995 for this type of teledentistry.

 Store-and-forward (Asynchronous): Transmission of recorded health information (for example, radiographs or digital impressions taken by an appropriately licensed provider) through a secure electronic communications system to a practitioner, who uses the information to evaluate or diagnose the patient's condition outside at a later time. The American Dental Association has designated the code D9996 for this type of teledentistry.

 Remote Patient Monitoring: Health data collection from an individual in one location (usually outside of a conventional clinical setting), which is transmitted to a provider in a different location for use in care and related support.

 mHealth: Health promotion and education via mobile devices such as cell phones or tablets.

Help within the dental community
Another method is the Remote Monitoring Method in which dentists communicate with each other through the use of radiographs and other data like the patient's clinical findings, photographs, test results and case history. The patient is not present in this method of teleconsultation.

Disadvantages of this can include misinterpretation of messages, privacy issues and insufficient training of the professionals.

Benefits
Teledentistry can provide easier, cheaper and less intimidating way to connect with dentistry. Teledentistry can also be used to assist general dentists with speciality work and improve services to underserved populations such as in rural or less developed areas.

In dental insurance policies
The dental insurance industry had adopted ADA codes such as D9995 and D9996 to acknowledge that teledentistry as a subset of telehealth exists and that these codes are recognized by the industry. However, largely the dental insurance companies had not made these codes payable to dentists in the event that they were actually billed when a teledentistry service was rendered to a patient. With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the American Dental Association in November 2020, The resolution also states that dental insurers—both public and private—should cover services provided through teledentistry at the same level as if the services were delivered in a traditional in-person encounter. This recommendation from the American Dental Association was strongly adopted by dental insurance carriers who in turn went a step further to include value added benefits to their dental insurance policies to allow for teledentistry.

title: Teledentistry


text:
L'Isle-aux-Coudres

L'Isle-aux-Coudres, is a municipality located on island aux Coudres, in the St. Lawrence River, in Charlevoix Regional County Municipality, Capitale-Nationale region, Quebec, Canada.

Variations of the official name are: La Baleine, L'Île-aux-Coudres, Saint-Bernard-de-l'Île-aux-Coudres and Saint-Louis-de-l'Isle-aux-Coudres. Locally, the following variants are also noted: Île aux Coudriers, Île Elbow, Île aux Marsouins and Île aux Socles.

Whereas the modern French spelling for "island" is île, the municipality uses the old French spelling of Isle. Its population centres include La Baleine in the north-east, (Saint-Louis-de-)l'Isle-aux-Coudres in the south, and Saint-Bernard-sur-Mer in the north-west facing Baie-Saint-Paul.

Access to the island are by sea (ferry) and air (airport). The free ferry service connects Saint-Bernard-sur-Mer to Saint-Joseph-de-la-Rive on the north shore of the gulf.

It was the setting for the classic 1963 National Film Board of Canada documentary Pour la suite du monde.

History
On September 6, 1535, during his second voyage to North America, the navigator Jacques Cartier named the island "couldres", after a hazel tree (Corylus cornuta), a shrub abundant in the area. In 1928, the Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada erected a monument commemorating the anchorage of Cartier's 3 ships and the celebration of the first mass in the interior of Canada, at Saint-Bernard-sur-Mer.

Étienne de Lessart of Ste. Anne-de-Beaupré was granted title as the first Seigneur of l'Isle-aux-Coudres by Governor Buade de Frontenac on March 4, 1677. Due to a failure to develop the property to increase its value he was forced to sell the seigneurie on October 19, 1687 to the Séminaire de Québec who began to establish a monastery on the site.

On October 29, 1687, Governor Denonville and Intendant Champigny granted the island as a seignory to the Seminary of Quebec, an act that was ratified on March 1, 1688.

In 1728, the first concessions of land were granted to settlers, and by 1741, the Parish of Saint-Louis-de-France was formed, soon after renamed to Saint-Louis-de-l'Isle-aux-Coudres. Named after Louis IX of France, it probably was also a tribute to Louis Chaumont (or Chaumonot) de La Jaunière (ca. 1700-1776), priest of Baie-Saint-Paul from 1736 to 1767. In 1845, the Parish Municipality of Saint-Louis-de-l'Isle-aux-Coudres was formed. In 1847, it was abolished, but reestablished in 1855, and would remain the only municipality covering the entire island for the next 80 years.

The community of Saint-Bernard-sur-Mer, first known as Pointe-des-Roches until 1936, only really developed from 1902 onward. The Parish of Saint-Bernard, named in honour of Bernard of Clairvaux (ca. 1090-1153), was officially founded in 1934 when it separated from the Parish of Saint-Louis, and was incorporated as the Municipality of Saint-Bernard-de-l'Île-aux-Coudres in 1936.

In 1951, the Municipality of La Baleine was incorporated, when it separated from Saint-Louis-de-l'Isle-aux-Coudres. It was named after an incident that had occurred in the late 18th century when the islanders found a carcass of a dead whale (in French: baleine) that had stranded on the island's flats. At this point, the island was divided into three municipal entities. '

On January 5, 1994, the Municipality of Saint-Bernard-de-l'Île-aux-Coudres and the Parish Municipality of Saint-Louis-de-l'Isle-aux-Coudres were merged and formed the Municipality of L'Île-aux-Coudres (new spelling). On August 23, 2000, this municipality and the Municipality of La Baleine were merged again to form the new Municipality of L'Isle-aux-Coudres (old spelling).

Geography
The island is about 11 km long and averages 3 km in width. It is thought to have been formed from material lifted up by the impact of the meteor which formed the Charlevoix region. Local streams include the Rouge River and Mare Creek.

Demographics

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents (2021): 583 (total dwellings: 760)

Mother tongue (2021):
 * French as first language: 98.2%
 * English as first language: 0.5%
 * English and French as first language: 0.5%
 * Other as first language: 0.5%

Economy
Formerly, porpoise fishing was practiced on a broad basis, supplemented by some boat construction. Today tourism is the main industry, and the place is known for its historical sites, tourist accommodations, and craftspeople. On the beach near the ferry dock, there is a shipyard that is home to craftsmen who work according to ancestral techniques. The island is also a popular destination for cyclists.

Local government
List of former mayors (since formation of current municipality):
 * Jean-Claude Perron (2000)
 * Gilbert Leclerc (2000)
 * Dominique Tremblay (2000–2021)
 * Christyan Dufour (2021–present)

title: L'Isle-aux-Coudres


text:
Committee on Trade, Customs, and Immigration Matters

The Committee on Trade, Customs, and Immigration Matters, is one of the ten permanent committees of the Pan-African Parliament. It concentrates on the following:

 * Consider matters relating to development of sound policy for cross-border, regional and continental concerns within the areas of trade, customs and immigration.
 * Assist the Parliament to oversee relevant organs or institutions and policies of the Union.
 * Assist the Parliament to oversee external trade.

The committee is chaired by Lee Maeba of Nigeria.

The deputy chairperson of the committee is Dr. Faeka AlReafi from Egypt.

The rapporteur of the committee is Tsudao Gurirab from Namibia.

The primary objective of the committee is to deal specifically with matters relating to the development of policy for cross-border, regional and continental concerns within the areas of trade (primarily external trade), customs and immigration. It assists the Parliament to oversee relevant organs or institutions and AU policies relating to trade.


text:
File:Lastkingofscotland.bookcover.jpg

Summary
Book cover of The Last King of Scotland by author Giles Foden, published by Faber and Faber

title: File:Lastkingofscotland.bookcover.jpg


text:
Mwezi III of Burundi

Mwami Mwezi III Ndagushimiye was the king of Burundi from 1709 to 1739. He was the successor of Ntare I of Burundi and the second king of the kingdom.

title: Mwezi III of Burundi


text:
Wunderwaffe

Wunderwaffe is a German word meaning "wonder-weapon" and was a term assigned during World War II by Nazi Germany's propaganda ministry to some revolutionary "superweapons". Most of these weapons however remained prototypes, which either never reached the combat theater, or if they did, were too late or in too insignificant numbers to have a military effect. The V-weapons, which were developed earlier and saw considerable deployment, especially against London and Antwerp, trace back to the same pool of highly inventive armament concepts. In the German language, the term Wunderwaffe generally refers to a universal solution which solves all problems related to a particular issue, mostly used ironically for its illusionary nature.

As the war situation worsened for Germany from 1942, claims about the development of revolutionary new weapons which could turn the tide became an increasingly prominent part of the propaganda directed at Germans by their government. In reality, the advanced weapons under development generally required lengthy periods of design work and testing, and there was no realistic prospect of the German military being able to field them before the end of the war. When some advanced designs, such as the Panther tank and Type XXI submarine, were rushed into production, their performance proved disappointing to the German military and leadership due to inadequate pre-production testing or poorly planned construction processes. Historian Michael J. Neufeld has noted that "the net result of all these weapons, deployed or otherwise, was that the Reich wasted a lot of money and technical expertise (and killed a lot of forced and slave laborers) in developing and producing exotic devices that yielded little or no tactical and strategic advantage". However, a few weapons proved to be successful and have had a large influence in post-war designs.

Aircraft carriers

 * GERMAN AIRCRAFT CARRIER Graf Zeppelin – a 33,550 ton aircraft carrier laid down in 1936; never completed.
 * Flugzeugträger B – planned sister ship to the Graf Zeppelin; scrapped before launching.
 * Flugzeugträger C and D – two additional proposed aircraft carriers of the Graf Zeppelin class.
 * GERMAN AIRCRAFT CARRIER I – a planned 56,500 ton aircraft carrier, converted from a transport; cancelled before work started.

Battleships

 * H-class battleship – a series of proposals for battleships surpassing both the United States Navy's Montana-class battleships and the Imperial Japanese Navy's Yamato-class battleships in armament, culminating in the H-44, a 140,000 ton battleship with eight 20 inch guns. Two H39-class hulls only laid down; scrapped on slipways.
 * Bismarck – German battleship, scuttled in the Atlantic Ocean after being crippled by Royal Navy torpedo bombers and battleships.
 * Tirpitz – German battleship, sister ship of the aforementioned Bismarck. Sunk in 1944 by RAF Bomber Command; 32 Avro Lancaster bombers dropped blockbuster and Tallboy bombs in Operation Catechism.

Oceangoing U-boats

 * Rocket U-boat – a planned ballistic missile submarine; project abandoned.
 * Type XVIII U-boat – a U-boat designed to use air-independent propulsion; several were under construction when the war ended.
 * Type XXI U-boat "Elektroboot" (Electric boat) – the first U-boat designed to operate completely submerged, 118 were built but only 4 were completed.
 * Type XXIV U-boat – a planned U-boat designed to use air-independent propulsion.
 * Type XXVI U-boat – a U-boat designed to use air-independent propulsion; several were under construction when the war ended.

Littoral U-boats

 * Type XXII U-boat – a U-boat designed to use air-independent propulsion; two were under construction.
 * Type XXIII U-boat ("Elektroboot") – a U-boat designed for littoral missions; 67 were built.
 * Type XXV U-boat – a planned all-electric U-boat designed for littoral missions.

U-Cruisers

 * Type XI – a U-boat designed to carry the Arado Ar 231 collapsible floatplane and have 128mm turrets; four were laid down but canceled at the outbreak of World War II.

Anti-aircraft weapons

 * Flakpanzer IV "Kugelblitz" (Ball Lightning) –A Panzer IV-based self-propelled anti-aircraft gun; five prototypes built.
 * Flakpanzer 341 Coelian – A Panther D-Based self-propelled anti-aircraft gun, only a wooden mockup of the turret was built.

Anti-tank weapons

 * Sturer Emil ("Stubborn Emil") –An experimental Panzerjäger style, open-topped tank destroyer armed with a Rheinmetall 12.8 cm K L/61 gun, 2 prototypes built for tests. Sole surviving prototype on display at the Kubinka Tank Museum.
 * Elefant (Ferdinand) - A heavy tank destroyer, mounting a 8.8 cm Pak 43/2 L/71 gun, 91 units produced.

Super-heavy tanks

 * Landkreuzer P. 1000 "Ratte" (Rat) –A planned super-heavy tank, weighing 1000 tonnes and armed with two 280mm cannons, one 128mm anti-tank gun, 8 20mm flak guns and 2 15mm heavy machine guns; cancelled in early 1943.
 * Panzer VII "Löwe" (Lion) –A planned super-heavy tank, weighing 90 tonnes and armed with a 105mm cannon; cancelled in March 1942 in favor of the Panzer VIII Maus.
 * Panzer VIII "Maus" (Mouse) – A super-heavy tank, weighing 188 tonnes and armed with two cannons of 128mm and 75mm calibre; five were ordered but only two operable prototypes completed – lone survivor currently on display at the Kubinka Tank Museum.
 * Panzerkampfwagen E-100 –A planned super-heavy tank (the heaviest of a series of "E-tanks") weighing 140 tonnes and armed with either 128 or 150 mm cannon, one prototype hull nearly completed, the hull was later captured and evaluated by the British before being scrapped in the 1950s.

Reconnaissance tanks

 * Kugelpanzer (ball tank)-A prototype spherical reconnaissance/cable-laying tank with a mysterious history. Sent to Japan and captured by the Soviets in 1945. Currently on display at the Kubinka Tank Museum.
 * VK 16.02 Leopard-Planned reconnaissance tank. Only mockup of Waffenträger (weapon carrier) was built.

Gliders

 * Junkers Ju 322 "Mammut" (Mammoth) – a flying wing heavy transport glider, the losing competitor to the winning Me 321 Gigant giant cargo/personnel glider.

Piston engine aircraft

 * Blohm & Voss BV 141 – a tactical reconnaissance aircraft with unusual asymmetrical design.
 * Blohm & Voss BV 238 – a super-heavy transport flying boat and bomber, it was the heaviest aircraft ever built by the time of its completion.
 * Dornier Do 335 – a heavy fighter with the push-pull configuration.
 * Focke Rochen - a VTOL experimental aircraft project.
 * Focke-Achgelis Fa 269 – a planned tilt-rotor VTOL fighter.
 * Focke-Wulf Ta 152 – a high-altitude interceptor.
 * Focke-Wulf Ta 400 – a planned Amerikabomber candidate with six radial engines and two jet engines with a range of 13,000 km in bomber configuration.
 * Heinkel He 111Z – a five engined Zwilling (twin)-fuselage aircraft created by combining two He 111s and designed to tow large gliders.
 * Heinkel He 274 – a high altitude heavy bomber with four in-line engines with a range of 3,440 km, two completed by France after the war.
 * Heinkel He 277 – a planned, advanced long-range bomber design, designated by RLM by February 1943, inheriting many He 219 prototype design features during its evolution but never built as a complete aircraft, evolved to be an Amerikabomber candidate, to be powered with four BMW 801 radial engines and up to 11,000 km range.
 * Junkers Ju 390 – an Amerikabomber candidate with six radial engines with a range of 9,700 km, two airworthy prototypes built and flown.
 * Junkers Ju 488 – a heavy bomber with four radial engines with a range of 3,395 km.
 * Messerschmitt Me 264 – an Amerikabomber candidate with four inline or radial engines and a range of 15,000 km, three airworthy prototypes built and flown.
 * Messerschmitt Me 323 "Gigant" (Giant) – a heavy transport with six engines, adapted from the Me 321 giant troop-glider.

Jets and rocket-propelled aircraft

 * Arado Ar 234 Blitz – the first operational turbojet bomber and reconnaissance aircraft.
 * Arado E.555 – a planned jet-powered Amerikabomber.
 * Arado E.560 – a series of tactical bomber projects.
 * Bachem Ba 349 "Natter" (Adder) – a rocket-powered vertical take-off interceptor.
 * Blohm & Voss P 178 – a turbojet dive-bomber.
 * DFS 194 – a rocket-powered experimental aircraft.
 * DFS 228 – a rocket-powered high altitude reconnaissance aircraft.
 * DFS 346 – a rocket-powered research aircraft.
 * Fieseler Fi 103R "Reichenberg" – a manned version of the V-1 flying bomb.
 * Focke-Wulf "Triebflügel" (Powered Wings) – a planned tip jet rotorcraft, tailsitter interceptor
 * Focke-Wulf Ta 183 "Huckebein" – a planned swept wing turbojet fighter.
 * Focke-Wulf Ta 283 – a planned swept wing ramjet and rocket-powered fighter.
 * Heinkel He 162 Spatz – Winner of the Volksjäger (People's Fighter) design competition for a single engined turbojet fighter.
 * Heinkel He 280 – the first turbojet fighter design, prototypes only.
 * Heinkel He 343 – a planned four engined jet bomber based on and marginally enlarged from the Arado Ar 234's general design.
 * Henschel Hs 132 – a planned turbojet dive bomber and interceptor.
 * Horten Ho 229 – a turbojet flying wing jet fighter/bomber.
 * Horten H.XVIII – a planned flying wing jet bomber based on the Horten Ho 229.
 * Junkers EF 128 – a planned turbojet fighter.
 * Junkers EF 132 – a planned turbojet bomber.
 * Junkers Ju 287 – a forward-swept wing turbojet bomber.
 * Lippisch P.13a – a planned supersonic ramjet delta wing interceptor.
 * Lippisch P.13b – a planned ramjet delta wing interceptor developed from the Lippisch P.13a.
 * Messerschmitt Bf 109TL – a turbojet fighter designed as an alternate/back-up for the Me 262.
 * Messerschmitt Me 163 "Komet" (Comet) – the first and only operational rocket-powered fighter.
 * Messerschmitt Me 262 "Schwalbe" (Swallow) – the first operational turbojet fighter/bomber.
 * Messerschmitt Me 263 – a rocket-powered fighter developed from the Me 163.
 * Messerschmitt P.1101 – a variable-sweep wing turbojet fighter.
 * Messerschmitt P.1106 – a jet fighter based on the Messerschmitt Me P.1101.
 * Škoda-Kauba P14 – a ramjet-powered emergency fighter.
 * Sombold So 344 – a rocket-powered plane with a detachable explosive nose.
 * Silbervogel (Silverbird) – planned sub-orbital antipodal bomber.
 * Zeppelin Fliegende Panzerfaust – a rocket-powered very-short-range interceptor.
 * Zeppelin Rammer – a rocket-powered ramming interceptor.

Helicopters

 * Flettner Fl 184 – a night reconnaissance and anti-submarine autogyro.
 * Flettner Fl 185 – an experimental helicopter.
 * Flettner Fl 265 – an experimental helicopter, the world's earliest known airworthy synchropter.
 * Flettner Fl 282 "Kolibri" (Hummingbird) – a reconnaissance "synchropter" helicopter.
 * Focke-Achgelis Fa 223 "Drache" (Dragon) – an anti-submarine, search and rescue, reconnaissance, and freight helicopter, based on the prewar Fw 61.

Bombs and explosives

 * German nuclear weapons program
 * Fritz X, a guided anti-ship glide bomb, the world's first precision guided weapon ever deployed in combat.

Artillery

 * Karl-Gerät, the largest calibre (up to 60 cm), self-propelled mortar ever deployed – seven examples built, six seeing combat 1941–45.
 * Schwerer Gustav (Heavy Gustav) – an 800mm railway gun, the largest artillery piece ever used in warfare.
 * V-3 cannon "Hochdruckpumpe" – "High Pressure Pump", a large-calibre gun.
 * Landkreuzer P. 1500 "Monster" – a proposed super-heavy self-propelled gun, weighing 1500 metric tons and armed with the 800mm Schwerer Gustav/Dora gun.

Missiles

 * Aggregat series
 * A1 – the first German liquid-propellant experimental rocket.
 * A2 – an experimental rocket, gyroscopically stabilized.
 * A3 – an experimental rocket with an inertial guidance system.
 * A4/V-2 – the first ballistic missile and the first human-made object to achieve sub-orbital spaceflight.
 * A4-SLBM – a planned submarine-launched ballistic missile.
 * A4b/A9 – winged, long-range version of the A4, first winged rocket to break the sound barrier.
 * A5 – an experimental reusable rocket.
 * A6 – planned version of the A5 with different propellants; may have also been a proposal for a manned reconnaissance version of the A4b/A9.
 * A7 – winged rocket, never completed.
 * A8 – proposed stretched version of the A4 to use storable propellants.
 * A9/A10 Amerika Rakete – a planned intermediate-range ballistic missile to be used to strike the eastern United States.
 * A11 Japan Rakete – proposed three-stage rocket.
 * A12 – planned four-stage orbital launch rocket, capable of putting 10 metric tons into low Earth orbit.
 * Fieseler Fi 103R Reichenberg – a manned "suicide attack" cruise missile.
 * Enzian – a planned surface-to-air missile with infrared guidance.
 * Feuerlilie F-25 "Fire Lilly" – a surface-to-air missile.
 * Feuerlilie F-55 "Fire Lilly" – a two-stage, supersonic surface-to-air missile.
 * V-1 flying bomb/Fieseler Fi 103/Vergeltungswaffe 1 – the first cruise missile.
 * Fliegerfaust "Pilot Fist" or "Plane Fist" / Luftfaust "Air Fist" – the first man-portable air-defense system (MANPADS) anti-aircraft weapons system.
 * Fritz X – an unpowered air-launched, MCLOS-guided anti-ship missile using the FuG 203/230 Kehl-Straßurg control system, the pioneering wartime example of a gravity-type PGM, used from September 1943 through 1944.
 * Henschel Hs 117 Schmetterling "Butterfly" – a manually guided surface-to-air missile.
 * Henschel Hs 117H – a manually guided air-to-air missile.
 * Henschel Hs 293 – a pioneering MCLOS-guided, launch-boosted air-to-ship missile using the Kehl-Straßurg radio link as with the Fritz X, used in combat from 1943 to 1944.
 * Henschel Hs 294 – an MCLOS-guided air-to-ship missile/torpedo.
 * Henschel Hs 298 – an air-to-air missile.
 * R4M Orkan "Hurricane" – an unguided air-to-air rocket.
 * Rheinbote "Rhine Messenger" – the first short-range ballistic missile.
 * Rheintochter "Rhinedaughter" – a manually guided surface-to-air missile.
 * Ruhrstahl X-4 – a wire-guided liquid-fueled air-to-air missile intended to be usable with the Ta 183.
 * Taifun "Typhoon" – a planned unguided surface-to-air missile.
 * Wasserfall Ferngelenkte Flakrakete "Waterfall Remote-Controlled A-A Rocket" – a supersonic surface-to-air missile.
 * Werfer-Granate 21 – a heavy-calibre (21 cm/8 inch) unguided air-to-air rocket, in use by the summer of 1943.
 * G7es/Zaunkönig T-5 – acoustic homing torpedo used by U-boats.

Orbital

 * Silbervogel (Silverbird) — a suborbital rocket bomber, similar to later generations of rocket spacecraft.
 * Sonnengewehr (sun-gun) – a parabolic mirror in orbit designed to focus sunlight onto specific locations on the Earth's surface.

Rifles

 * Jagdfaust – an automatically firing airborne anti-bomber recoilless rifle for use on the Me 163.
 * Mauser MG 213 – a 20 mm aircraft mounted revolver cannon.
 * Mauser MG 213C – a 30 mm aircraft mounted revolver cannon.
 * Fallschirmjägergewehr 42 – an automatic battle rifle developed specifically for the Fallschirmjäger.
 * Sturmgewehr 44 – the first assault rifle.
 * "Krummlauf" – a curved barrel for the StG44 (mp44 or Sturmgewehr).
 * Sturmgewehr 45 – prototype.

Mission equipment

 * Zielgerät 1229 "Vampir" – active infrared night vision gunsight system for the Sturmgewehr 44.
 * FG 1250 Tank Mounted night-vision equipment.

Purported

 * Die Glocke
 * Directed-energy weapon
 * Nazi UFOs ("Haunebu" saucers)

Japan

 * Japanese nuclear weapons program
 * I-400-class submarine (伊四百型潜水艦) – the largest submarines of World War II and remained the largest ever built until the construction of ballistic missile submarines in the 1960s.
 * Design A150-class battleship (also known as the “Super Yamato-class battleship”) – a successor to the Yamato with added features.
 * Ki-200 interceptor – Japanese version of the Me 163.
 * J9Y Kikka – Japanese jet-powered kamikaze aircraft.
 * G5N Shinzan – a prototype bomber developed as a part of Project Z, the Japanese counterpart of Amerikabomber project.
 * G10N Fugaku – a planned Japanese ultra-long range bomber comparable in size with the American B-36 Peacemaker developed as a part of Project Z.
 * MXY-7 Ohka – a rocket-powered kamikaze aircraft.
 * O-I super-heavy tank – a 150-ton super-heavy tank project with an obscure history.

Romania

 * 75 mm Reșița Model 1943 – an anti-tank gun with a muzzle velocity of over 1 km/second which could also elevate enough to double as a field gun, reported to have outperformed its Western, German and Soviet counterparts to become arguably the most versatile gun in its class during World War II (at least 375 produced).
 * Self-propelled 75 mm Reșița Model 1943 – 2 prototypes completed and tested (reportedly, this vehicle served as the inspiration for the Hetzer, or as a significant influence in the latter's development).
 * IAR 81C fighter aircraft fitted with the Werfer-Granate 21 air-to-air rocket (1 prototype).

Hungary

 * 44M Tas – a local attempt to replicate the heavy Panther or the "Tiger 2" tank (2 incomplete prototypes produced, including 1 complete hull).

title: Wunderwaffe


text:
Sikyátki

Sikyátki is an archeological site and former Hopi village spanning 40000 to 60000 m2 on the eastern side of First Mesa, in what is now Navajo County in the U.S. state of Arizona. The village was inhabited by Kokop (Firewood) clan of the Hopi from the 14th to the 17th century. Jesse Walter Fewkes led a Smithsonian Institution funded excavation of the site in 1895. During the excavations many well-preserved ceramic sherds were found. The designs on the sherds inspired the artist Nampeyo; sparking the Sikyátki revival in polychrome pottery.

Sikyátki means "Yellow House" in the Hopi language. According to oral history, the neighboring village of Wálpi burned Sikyátki and exterminated its residents. The attack was triggered when a Sikyátki villager cut off the head of the sister of a Wálpi man who had offended him.

title: Sikyátki


text:
EVVK

EVVK is a Finnish comedy TV show. It aired on MTV3 from 2004 to 2005.

The name EVVK comes from a Finnish acronym of Ei vois(i) vähempää kiinnostaa, an almost direct translation of the English language expression "I couldn't care less", and with the same meaning. Particularly in acronymic form, the expression is still fairly recent, and many Finns consider its use juvenile. The phrase originates from a comedy TV-series by the group Lapinlahden Linnut.

The TV show EVVK was shown on the relatively new TV channel SubTV at late night. It consisted mainly of various kinds of humour aimed at an adolescent or young adult audience. It gained some publicity in Finnish magazines by occasionally finishing off with a short scene of the Finnish model Jasmin Mäntylä lying nude on her bed, but tastefully obscured by the bedcovers.

title: EVVK


text:
Le Cercle Rouge

Le Cercle Rouge (, "The Red Circle") is a 1970 crime film set mostly in Paris. It was directed by Jean-Pierre Melville and stars Alain Delon, Bourvil, Gian Maria Volonté, François Périer and Yves Montand. It is known for its climactic heist sequence which is about half an hour in length and has almost no dialogue.

The film's title means "The Red Circle" and refers to the film's epigraph which translates as

"Siddhartha Gautama, the Buddha, drew a circle with a piece of red chalk and said: 'When men, even unknowingly, are to meet one day, whatever may befall each, whatever the diverging paths, on the said day, they will inevitably come together in the red circle.'"

Melville made up the quote, just as he did with the epigraph in Le Samouraï.

Plot
In Marseille, a prisoner named Corey is released early for good behaviour. Shortly before he leaves, a prison warden tips him off about a prestigious jewellery shop that he could rob in Paris. Corey goes to the house of Rico, a former associate who has let him down and with whom his former girlfriend now lives, and forcefully removes money and a handgun from Rico's safe. Then he goes to a billiard hall, where two of Rico's men find him. After killing one, knocking the other out and taking his gun, Corey buys a large American car and, hiding both handguns in the boot, starts for Paris. On the way up, listening to jazz and news on the radio, he encounters a police roadblock.

The same morning another prisoner, Vogel, who was being taken on a train from Marseille to Paris for interrogation by the well-respected Commissaire Mattei, manages to escape in open country. Vogel is pursued by and eludes Mattei, who orders roadblocks to be set and supervises the manhunt. Meanwhile, Corey, who has understood what this huge police activity is about, stops at a roadside grill in the epicentre of the manhunt, leaving his car boot unlocked. Vogel crosses a stream to send dogs off his scent, reaches the grill, and hides in the boot of Corey's car.

Corey, who has seen him and had been waiting for this, drives off into an open field and tells Vogel he can get out because he is safe. After a tense confrontation where Vogel waves one of Corey's guns, he realizes that Corey has just been released from prison that morning and is trying to save him. The two drive off with Vogel back in the boot. Shortly after, a car with two of Rico's men catches up and forces Corey off the road. They take him into the woods, take his money, and are about to kill him when Vogel, emerging from the boot with the guns, shoots both dead.

Corey takes Vogel to his empty flat in Paris where they start to plan the aforementioned robbery. For this they need a marksman to disable the security system by a single rifle shot and a fence to buy the goods. Meanwhile, Mattei is trying to locate the murderer of Rico's men and still trying to recapture Vogel. To do this, he puts pressure on Santi, a nightclub owner who knows most of the underworld, but who refuses to talk.

Corey recruits Jansen, an alcoholic ex-policeman and a crack shot, together with a fence. One long night, Corey, with Vogel and the support of Jansen, successfully rob the jewellery shop. However, the fence refuses to take the goods, having been warned off by a vengeful Rico, who had been told inadvertently by the prison warden from the beginning that Corey was on the job.

Overcoming their disappointment, Jansen and Vogel suggest that Corey ask Santi to recommend a new fence. Mattei blackmails Santi to obtain information about the meeting planned that evening at his nightclub, where Corey is supposed to meet the fence. Mattei, posing as the fence, asks Corey to bring the goods to a country house.

Corey does so, taking Jansen as backup and leaving Vogel at his apartment, who has been given the red rose that Corey had received from the flower girl at Santi's. After Corey arrives at the country house and starts showing the jewels to Mattei, Vogel appears from nowhere, presumably acting on his suspicion that Corey was not safe with this new fence, and tells Corey to run with the loot. After a brief, tense confrontation with Mattei, Vogel follows Corey. Jansen, alerted by the gunshots in the mansion's park now filled with police, arrives to stop the pursuants. One after the other, the three men are shot dead by Mattei's officers, who recover the jewels.

Cast

 * Alain Delon as Corey
 * André Bourvil as Inspector Mattei
 * Gian Maria Volonté as Vogel
 * Yves Montand as Jansen
 * Paul Crauchet as the receiver
 * Paul Amiot as Chief of Police
 * Pierre Collet as prison guard
 * André Ekyan as Rico
 * Jean-Pierre Posier as Mattei's assistant
 * François Périer as Santi (as François Perier)
 * Yves Arcanel as committing magistrate
 * René Berthier as Judiciary Police Director
 * Jean-Marc Boris as Jean-Marc Santi
 * Jean Champion as level-crossing guard
 * Yvan Chiffre as a policeman
 * Anna Douking as Corey's old girlfriend (as Ana Douking)
 * Mireille Darc as the flower girl in Santi's night club
 * Robert Favart as Mauboussin's clerk
 * Roger Fradet as a policeman
 * Édouard Francomme as billiard hall watchman (as Edouard Francomme)
 * Jean Franval as hotel receptionist
 * Jacques Galland as train conductor
 * Jean-Pierre Janic as Paul, Rico's henchman
 * Pierre Lecomte as Internal Affairs Deputy
 * Jacques Léonard as a policeman
 * Jacques Leroy as a policeman
 * Jean Pignol as court registry clerk
 * Robert Rondo as a policeman

Box office
It was the fifth most popular film of the year in France.

Critical reviews
Vincent Canby, in a 1993 review of a 99-minute version dubbed into English, said the film "may baffle anyone coming upon [Melville] for the first time". According to Canby:
 * Though severely cut, The Red Circle doesn't exactly sweep along. It has a deliberate pace as Melville sets up the story of three chance acquaintances who plan and carry out the sacking of an elegant, supposedly impregnable jewelry store...Understatement is the method of the film, from Melville's pared-down screenplay to the performances by the three trenchcoated principals, even to the muted photography by Henri Decaë, which is in colour but has the chilly effect of black and white.

Peter Bradshaw, in a 2003 review of a 102-minute reissue, called the film a "treat" and noted "Melville blends the Chandleresque world of his own devising with gritty French reality. With its taut silent robbery sequence, his movie gestures backwards to Rififi, and with Montand's specially modified bullets it anticipates Frederick Forsyth's Day of the Jackal and the contemporary techno-thriller."

Hong Kong director John Woo wrote an essay for the Criterion DVD of Le Cercle Rouge arguing the film's merits. When the film was given a theatrical re-release, Woo was given a "presenter" credit.

Roger Ebert gave the film four out of four in his 2003 review.

The film has a 96% rating at film review website Rotten Tomatoes from 69 reviews, with the critics' consensus stating: "Melville is at the top of his game, giving us his next-to-last entry into the world of deception, crime, and extreme suspense that made him a maestro of the French heist genre."

title: Le Cercle Rouge


text:
Talk:Cool Britannia

[Untitled]
Ben&Jerry's claim that they invented the term, which, only weeks later was hijacked by politicians and the media. See: http://www.benjerry.com/our_products/flavor_graveyard/raise_flavor_countdown_CoolBritannia.cfm

"If Britain were an ice cream, what flavor would it be? Cream Victoria? Queen Yum Mum? Choc Ness Monster? How about Minty Python? Those names were floated in a contest we ran in Britain in 1996 to create the quintessential British ice cream flavor. The 7,500 entries offered a glimpse inside Britain’s collective mind.

Though there were “Grape Expectations” for “Rolling Scones,” Cool Britannia, a play on the popular British military anthem “Rule Britannia” was the crown jewel of the contest. Oddly enough, the winning name was submitted by an American, who also concocted the recipe: a royal medley of vanilla ice cream, English strawberries and chocolate-covered Scottish shortbread.

Britannia Rules the Flaves! The highlight of 1996 for our UK team was the launch of their very own flavor, “Cool Britannia.” After much publicity, brought about by a private scooping for the press in the “Britannia Pub” and, of course, a spectacular launch on the 4th of July with Ben and Jerry at the Royal Albert Hall, the new flavour soared to the top of ice cream charts across the country.

The end of Cool Britannia But within weeks after the launch, its name had been appropriated by media around the world - using it as a catchphrase to sum up what they saw as the ascendancy of British culture. It even entered the political arena, becoming associated with initiatives such as Panel 2000, the Government committee charged with finding 2000 products for the Millennium - despite the fact that the Prime Minister and his closest advisors resisted using the phrase explicitly.

Unfortunately, Cool Britannia was hijacked by politicians and cultural pundits and got caught up in a debate we weren’t comfortable with. All we wanted was another fun name for an ice cream, not a convoluted cultural observation. So the ice cream which gave its name to a perceived British cultural renaissance was withdrawn in 1998."

 * Well I know of at least one American Bonzo Dog Band fan. Looks like Ben and Jerry found another one. --bodnotbod 10:45, 5 November 2005 (UTC)

"It" quality?
The phrase was quickly adopted in the media and in advertising, seeming to capture the "It" quality of London at the time.

What exactly was this supposed '"It" quality of London at the time'?

I was under the impression that "Cool Britannia" simply rode upon the coat-tails of the Britpop scene, which largely consisted of bands and artists from the north of England. London didn't seem to have much to do with it. 217.155.20.163 22:38, 11 August 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cool Britannia


text:
Talk:Datames

Images: help needed
If someone knows how to do it, then please upload and link an image related to this article, best a coin with the king. I frankly dont understand how do to so yet. These images may or may not be copyright: I have no idea how to tell

http://216.67.248.213/liveauction/25jpgs/068814N2.jpg (Datames stands on the right in front of the god Ana, nude, on the left) http://www.s-ivy.jp/datames_L.jpg (Datames stands on the right in front of the god Ana, nude, on the left) http://www.nma.gr/the_museum/nm_images/coins/datames_tarsos.gif (coin with Datames' head) http://www.copperpenny.com/id40_m5.jpg (coin minted by Datames)

Aldux 17:39, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

Datames or Datamas also Tarkamuwa was a persian leader of Cadusii
I waiting for evidence and clear arguments and facts why Datames was not the leader of the Cadusii 2001:16B8:667:A300:9DED:B40A:2265:864E (talk) 14:05, 20 November 2022 (UTC)
 * Perhaps you should try reading your own sources first;

 * "Datamas, the Persian leader of the Cadusians (Cyrop. V. 3.38; 4,16) duplicates the famous satrap of Artaxerxes"

 * "Cyrus' commanders, who had figured repeatedly in Xenephon's text, are probably fictitious characters. Hystaspas and Datamas (Cadusian leader, Xen. Cyrop. V. 3.38) are Persian names."

 * I can't see what the second source says, but it also talks about the Cyropaedia, which is a semi-fictional biography of Cyrus the Great, who lived almost 200 years before Datames.

 * --HistoryofIran (talk) 14:26, 20 November 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Datames


text:
SKAT (television)

Skat Television (Национална телевизия Скат) is a Bulgarian national cable television company. The company was founded in 1992 in Burgas and is headquartered there. Skat is also the name for one of the channels which Skat television operates from the Bulgarian capital city Sofia.

History
Skat as a cable TV company operates mostly in the Burgas Province and has created cable networks in many populated places near the Black Sea coast. The company, like the other cable TV operators in Burgas, provides analogue television, digital television, Internet access with modem, optics, PON, LAN and RLAN, and telephone services. Today the company owns the largest optical-coaxial cable network on the territory of the Burgas and Targovishte regions. Skat's headquarters are located in Burgas, and a regional TV channel called "Skat +" is broadcast from there to many places in the province. The main Skat channel was also broadcast from Burgas, until the early 2000s (decade), when it was relocated to Sofia.

Controversies
In 2005 Skat television became a center of controversy caused by the company's hosting of programs and shows supporting Bulgarian nationalist political party Attack. Attack openly associates with such organizations as the National Front in France. Complaints from the Bulgarian Helsinki Committee and the political party Euroroma, stating that various Skat TV shows were focused on racial intolerance and racism, caused the Council for Electronic Media (CEM) to announce investigations into the programs broadcast on the Skat cable television channel in July – August 2005. In November 2009 Skat withdrew its support for Attack. On 17 May 2011 Skat created its own nationalist party called National Front for the Salvation of Bulgaria.

In 2012, Jehovah's Witnesses filed a complaint with the Commission for Protection against Discrimination stating that SKAT TV had systematically slandered the Witnesses and incited violence and hatred against them. The Commission unanimously decided in favour of the Witnesses in January 2016.

title: SKAT (television)


text: Category:Wolves

title: Category:Wolves


text:
Red-browed pardalote

The red-browed pardalote (Pardalotus rubricatus) is a small brightly coloured insectivorous passerine, endemic to Australia. A gleaning specialist, they forage primarily in eucalypt trees. The Latin word rubricatus means 'red-ochred' which is descriptive of their orange-red eyebrow. Other common names include red-browed diamondbird, bellbird, cape red-browed, pale red-browed, fawn-eyed, fawn-eyebrowed and pallid or red-lored pardalote.

Taxonomy
Red-browed pardalotes belong to the order Passeriformes and family Pardalotidae of which four species are recognised: red-browed pardalote Pardalotus rubricatus, spotted pardalote Pardalotus punctatus, forty-spotted pardalote Pardalotus quadragintus and striated pardalote Pardalotus striatus. Historically, the family Pardalotidae included pardalotes and acanthizid warblers; gerygones, scrubwrens and thornbills. However, recent phylogenetic and morphological studies, indicate that pardalotes are more closely related to honeyeaters than acanthizid warblers, which resulted in the separation of this group into two families, Pardalotidae and Acanthizidae. The pardalote, acanthizid warbler, honeyeater and bristlebird family, form a monophyletic group.

Subspecies
Matthews described the subspecies Pardalotus yorki in 1913. Their range begins at the base of the Gulf of Carpentaria and extends north along the Cape York Peninsula in Far North Queensland. Difference in morphology and plumage distinguish this subspecies from the nominate race.

Description
Adult red–browed pardalotes are a large pardalote with an average length of 105 mm and wingspan of 60–66 mm. Males weigh approximately 10.9g and females weigh 10.8 g. The average length of the male tarsus is 18.3 mm and female tarsus is 18.5 mm. The subspecies yorki are smaller in size, 100–120 mm long and weigh less at 9.3 g. The average length of the male tarsus is 17.4 mm and female tarsus is 17.3 mm ,. Their wingspan is 58–62 mm in length.

The red–browed pardalote does not exhibit plumage that changes seasonally and is not sexually dichromatic. The nominate race rubricatus have a pale iris, a black crown with distinctive white spots and a yellow to buff supercilium. They have a red to orange-red brow and a yellow breast patch with yellow wing panels,. Juvenile birds are generally paler in comparison to adults. They have a darker iris that is olive to pale olive, a duller crown with less obvious patterning and a dull orange-yellow brow.

The sub-species yorki are generally more brightly coloured than the nominate race. They have an iris that is straw-brown or yellow, a black crown with fine spots; fine dark scalloping across their mantel and hind neck. They have a bright yellow breast patch, yellow rump and an orange wing panel,. Plumage of the juvenile yorki subspecies has not been described.

The call of the red-browed pardalote is a distinctive five or six note song, with the first note longer and lower pitched than the remaining notes which increase in pitch and speed,. Males call periodically between feeding to announce their territory from a sheltered perch within the trees canopy. It has been described as sounding similar to the call of a rosella species.

Distribution and habitat
The red-browed pardalote is a widely distributed species ranging from north and central Australia, south and south central Western Australia, northeast South Australia ( Lake Eyre Basin) to south west New South Wales. They may also be found throughout the Great Sandy, Gibson and Great Victoria Desert. They live in a wide range of habitats including woodlands, shrublands, tropical, arid and semi-arid regions of Australia. Eucalypt woodlands, which border watercourses such as riparian river red gum, coolibah woodlands and tall eucalypt shrublands such as mallee, are the preferred habitats, , ,.

In the desert sand-ridge country of Western Australia, red-browed pardalotes forage in the upper story of bloodwoods and marble gums dispersed amongst sand dunes. They have also been recorded in bloodwood-banksia, low–acacia and eucalypt–paperbark woodlands, mulga, acacia shrublands, spinifex plains and grasslands, , ,. Red-browed pardalotes may also inhabit sand dunes, rocky outcrops, valleys and floodplains.

Foraging and diet
Red-browed pardalotes are sedentary and hold foraging territories throughout the year. They are usually seen singly, in pairs or small groups of up to five or six birds. They are arboreal and spend most of their time foraging in the foliage of eucalypt trees. Their 'scoop-shaped' bill is used to glean insects and lerps (exudates of psyllids) from the leaf surface,. Lerps are a major food source for pardalotes providing sugar and carbohydrates. They also consume arthropods, beetles (Coleoptera species), gum leaf beetle (Paropsis species), flies, mosquitoes, flowerflies, leafhoppers, shield bugs, psyllids, bees, ants, wasps and vegetable matter .

Breeding
The red-browed pardalote breeds between July and December and after rainfall in arid zones. Pairs are monogamous and maintain breeding territories,. Both the male and female excavate a tunnel 6–122 cm long and a nesting chamber 10–12.7 cm deep, 6.3–10 cm wide and 14.0 cm high. This can be found in a range of locations, including sandy banks, gullies, cuttings, sand dunes, sand cliffs or piles of sand and soil.

Red-browed pardalotes may also excavate the burrows of kangaroo rats (Potoroidae), hopping mice (Notomys) and bilbies (Macrotis lagotis). They occasionally nest in tree hollows, spouts or hollow branches,. A bird was once recorded nesting halfway down an iron pipe that was set upright in the ground.

Nests may be constructed of strips of bark, horsehair and are lined with fine grass or bark and shaped into a rounded cup within the excavated chamber , . A clutch of up to four white, oval, semi-glossy eggs measuring 19mm x 15 mm are laid. The incubation period is unknown, however both sexes incubate the eggs. Chicks are altricial and are fed by both adults.

Conservation status
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has categorised the red-browed pardalote as a species of least concern. Although its population size has not been quantified, the species is common throughout its range, and its population is considered to be stable.

title: Red-browed pardalote


text:
Thusitha Jayasundera

Thusitha Jayasundera (born 1971) is a Sri Lankan actress who lives in the United Kingdom. She attended an all-girls school run by Australian missionaries, and graduated from the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in 1993.

Jayasundera played Tushura 'Tash' Bandara in the BBC hospital drama Holby City for three years from December 1999 to June 2002. She played DS Ramani De Costa in the ITV police drama The Bill from 2003 to 2006, and DS Ayesha Masood in the BBC series Silent Witness.

She appeared in the National Theatre adaptation of Michael Morpurgo's novel, War Horse. In 2009 she appeared in the play Dreams of Violence by Stella Feehily for Out of Joint and Soho Theatre.

In 2015, she played Ros Mahendra in the BBC drama Doctor Foster. On 17 March 2019, Jayasundera appeared in Midsomer Murders in the episode "Death of the Small Coppers".

In December 2020, she was cast in the Amazon Prime Video series The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power, which premiered on 2 September 2022.

title: Thusitha Jayasundera


text:
Arthur van Schendel

Arthur van Schendel (15 March 1874 in Batavia, Dutch East Indies – 11 September 1946 in Amsterdam) was a Dutch writer of novels and short stories. One of his best known works is Het fregatschip Johanna Maria. His son Arthur F.E. van Schendel (1910–1979) was General Director of the Rijksmuseum Amsterdam from 1959–1975.

Prizes

 * 1931 – C.W. van der Hoogtprijs for Het fregatschip Johanna Maria
 * 1933 – Tollensprijs for his entire oeuvre
 * 1947 – P.C. Hooftprijs for Het oude huis

title: Arthur van Schendel


text:
Talk:Fionn mac Cumhaill

Untitled
Since Fionn's father was Cumhaill Bascinn, does that mean that Corca Baiscinn of County Clare are descendants? Furthermore, are people with the last name Baskin (anglicized) from the same line? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.111.50.243 (talk) 04:41, 18 August 2010 (UTC)

Can anybody add on the alternate spellings of his name as redirects to this site. Ie. Finn Mac Cumhail, Finn Mac Cool, Fingal, Finn MacCool, Fion Mac Cumhail, etc.
 * I've just done that; thanks for asking. (I came to this page after looking for Finn MacCumhail]; that was how the Dropkick Murphys spelled it.)  However, I didn't redirect Fingal here; that article is about a county in Ireland. --Idont Havaname 07:10, 29 November 2005 (UTC)

Americanization?
In a travel map I purchased, sponsored by ENCO in 1960, it describes an Americanized tale of the giant Finn MacCool (sic). In this version he was an engineer who "wanted to flatten the Rockies to make coast-to-cost travel easier." Finding opposition, he instead created the Grand Canyon. Kevingarcia 07:49, 28 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Granted I could be wrong but I think you may have Finn confused with the american legend Paul Bunyan. Ultratone85 14:37, 21 February 2007 (UTC)

Death?
Didn't Finn McCool die strapped to a rock, not unlike Prometheus?--70.50.77.34 02:17, 19 April 2006 (UTC)

 * That was Cuchullain. --Cúchullain t/ c 06:49, 19 April 2006 (UTC)

 * ... and while Prometheus was chained to a rock by the gods as punishment for giving mankind the knowledge of fire, Cúchullain tied himself to a rock so that he could stand up and his enemies would not know that he was weak and dying 91.123.236.5 (talk) 14:49, 24 November 2017 (UTC) Greg

Bisexuality
Earlier this morning (6-12-06), Finn was mentioned as being bisexual. Though this is removed, was that simply spam, or was there a real basis to that, though I have never heard of Finn ever being said as bisexual.

 * It was just vandalism, that's why it was taken out. It happens quite a bit around here.--Cúchullain t/ c 23:32, 12 June 2006 (UTC)

 * It arises from a legitimate but controversial reading of the source literature, but there is resistance to permitting discussion. 74.215.50.184 (talk) 19:26, 11 June 2017 (UTC)

Why is the mac lower case?
Why is the mac in "mac cumhail" in lowercase? While I'm fully aware that mac and ua were not always capitalised in earlier forms of Irish, they now are. I think the naming of this article should reflect modern conventions in the spelling of Irish. --Damac 11:45, 3 August 2006 (UTC)

 * If it was a surname, you'd be right, but it's not, it's a patronymic, literally Fionn son of Cumhal. If you wrote a name like that in English you wouldn't use a capital S for "son". Fionn mac Cumhail, where "mac Cumhail" means "son of Cumhal" and is not a modern surname, is the correct usage in modern Irish as much as in earlier Irish. --Nicknack009 17:38, 3 August 2006 (UTC)

Misspelling
The name Cumhal should be Cumhall. Irish is my own first language and I know for a fact that nobody writes "Fionn mac Cumhail" but "Fionn mac Cumhaill". All of the other "alternative versions" of his name are anglicised gobledgook. We should stick to what native Irish speakers actually use. Irish historically difrentiated between what are known as tense and lax nasals and labials, hense the double "l" in "Cumhall", genitive "Cumhaill" with corresponding palatalisation of final "l". An Muimhneach Machnamhach 11:43, 17 August 2006 (UTC)
 * I've moved the article on your behalf... Robwingfield (talk) 14:23, 17 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Surely on the English Wikipedia this shouldn't be an issue because the article should use the English name anyway. Any story I read or was read as a child all used the name Finn McCool. I understand that with actual people's names there is an argument (I believe it's standard practice) to use the Gaelic form of the name if that's what they use, but common sense on this one must suggest this article be moved to Finn McCool. (just see the above three sections!) beano 15:32, 30 November 2007 (UTC)

Pronunciation of name
I have added the pronunciation of the name by native Irish speakers using IPA symbols. Unfortunately, the symbol used to indicate palatalisation of consonants doesn't seem to be included in the fonts below. I suspect, though, that this a convention used solely by Irish linguists to indicate palatalisation v. velarisation. It would also be helpful if the pronunciation by Scottish Gaelic and Manx speakers could be included where those differ from the Irish. An Muimhneach Machnamhach 13:54, 21 August 2006 (UTC)

I changed the pronunciation to the proper IPA symbols for Standard Irish based on the information on the Irish orthography page and added English. Unfortunately, I am not sure how to apply them to the other dialects.--Csladic 19:33, 7 April 2007 (UTC)

Fact versus fiction
I think we need to be clearer in differentiating fact from fiction. I came to this article hoping to learn about the historic Finn McCool and after a brief look at this article I'm having a hard time telling whether he actually was a real person at all. --Doradus 12:57, 9 October 2006 (UTC)

 * He wasn't. Fionn is entirely a character from legend. --Nicknack009 18:45, 9 October 2006 (UTC)

Cremaster 3
Is there some reason the reference to Cremaster 3 has been deleted twice? It was removed once about a year ago, and again on Jan. 24. I've added the reference back, but am not interested in quibbling over reverts. It's an easily verified reference, and Fionn mac Cumhaill makes a lengthy appearance in the film. It seems like something that should obviously be included here, so I'm baffled by the deletions. Anyone care to enlighten me? Eric.d.dixon 08:22, 26 January 2007 (UTC)

What Kind of Salmon ?
The only kind of Salmon found in Ireland is the Atlantic Salmon, Salmo Salar. And as a fisherman and a McCool I've always been puzzled by the description of Finn's fish as a Salmon - because Salmon are a migratory species which only travel into freshwater to spawn [and die]. It would be much more likely that Finn would have caught a related species - the Brown Trout, Salmo Trutta. Large Brown Trout can often be long term residents of river pools, and top predators. As they grow larger and climb the food pyramid, they do indeed, in literal sense, ingest all the knowledge that swims down the river. And they're also very wary and very difficult to catch... That fish that Finn caught was a large, fat, Brown Trout.-- Jimmccool 15:36, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

Folklore?
The story about the Giant's Causeway on the page and the one about him living in Mann are not the stories. The real story is that he was living in Ulster when a giant in Scotland challenged him to a fight. Fionn was scared but his wife Oonagh had a plan. The Scottish Giant built the Causeway over to get to Ireland. When he arrived, Oonagh told him Fionn was out, but he should come into the house and wait. She asked him would he turn the house around to face the Sun as Fionn was not there and he normally did it. The Giant did it with great stress wondering how Fionn could do it easier. When he was finished, Oonagh brought him in and offered him some bread and gave some to her ,,baby", who was Fionn in disguise. But the Giant's bread had some iron in it and he broke his teeth eating it, while the baby ate it with no hassle. He asked Oonagh how the baby managed to eat it so easily. Oonagh replied that it was because of his strong teeth and offered the Giant to put his finger, the source of his power, in to feel about. When the Giant put the finger in, Fionn bit it off and the Giant drained of power. He ran back to Scotland thinking that ,,if that's the baby, what's Fionn like?". As he ran across the Causeway, he ripped it up, in fear that Fionn, or the baby, might come over. But that is not the story on the page. Zu Anto 21:15, 13 August 2008 (UTC)

Requested move
do not move. Anthony Appleyard (talk) 10:28, 26 March 2009 (UTC)
 * Why is this article under the Gaelic name? Surely under WP:COMMONNAME, it should be Finn McCool? This is the English version of the name, it is the most common form of the name used in English, and this is an English-language encyclopaedia. Mooretwin (talk) 10:13, 19 March 2009 (UTC)
 * In support of this: a Google search for "Finn McCool" throws up 120,000 results: a Google search for "Fionn mac Cumhaill" throws up only 19,900. Mooretwin (talk) 10:06, 20 March 2009 (UTC)
 * I would oppose any such move. Your google searches are accurate in terms of raw numbers, but look at the search results. Search for "Fionn mac Cumhaill" and you get references to the legendary hero who is the subject of this article. Search for "Finn McCool" and you mainly get pubs and tourist attractions. "Fionn mac Cumhaill" is the correct name, and also the most commonly used when referring to the hero. --Nicknack009 (talk) 11:16, 20 March 2009 (UTC)
 * Oppose, for much the same reason. I would have preferred Finn mac Cumaill myself, which is a little more common in discussions of the Old and Middle Irish material, but the Modern Irish version is by no means a bad alternative. Cavila (talk) 22:28, 20 March 2009 (UTC)
 * If it matters, the English "Finn McCool" is not normally used in English-language contexts in the Republic of Ireland. It's usually Fionn mac Cumhaill. —   AjaxSmack   03:18, 26 March 2009 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Fionn mac Cumhaill. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20131016052544/http://www.sundown.pair.com/SundownShores/Volume_IV/notes.htm to http://www.sundown.pair.com/SundownShores/Volume_IV/notes.htm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 05:01, 1 October 2017 (UTC)

Etymology
>>That a widespread cult of Finn existed among European celts is reflected in continental place names derived from Finn or Vindos, such as Vienna, Windisch/Vindonissa, Vendresse and others.<<

This claim is a step too far! Place names can perfectly well incorporate the same Proto-Celtic element windos ( = "white, fair, bright" etc.) as appears in the name of Fionn mac Cumhaill without at all implying "a widespread cult of [the god] Finn". I have therefore removed from the article the statement quoted above. -- Picapica (talk) 17:59, 30 January 2018 (UTC)

Ice hockey
Should we mention Finn is also the official mascot of the Belfast giants? - clae

title: Talk:Fionn mac Cumhaill


text:
Talk:Pantikapaion

Any references?

 * [Panticapaeum] was heavily damaged in Saumacus revolt and Diophantus capture of the city ...

A definitive statement like that one must be based on some firm evidence. Where is it from? --barbatus 17:44, August 20, 2005 (UTC)

Alternatives
Is it really necessary to have transliterated versions of a Russian name here? --Barbatus 11:42, September 8, 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pantikapaion


text:
File:The World Of Music Instructor.jpg

Summary
Cover of the Music Instructor album The World of Music Instructor.

title: File:The World Of Music Instructor.jpg