text:
Coushatta

The Coushatta (Koasati, Kowassaati or Kowassa:ti) are a Muskogean-speaking Native American people now living primarily in the U.S. states of Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas.

When the Coushatta first encountered Europeans, their Coushatta homelands where in present-day Tennessee, Georgia, and Alabama. They have long been closely allied and intermarried with the Alabama people, also members of the Creek Confederacy. The Koasati language is related to the Alabama language and mutually intelligible to Mikasuki language.

Under pressure from European colonization after 1763 and the French defeat in the Seven Years' War, the Coushatta began to move west into Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas, which were then under Spanish rule. They settled in these areas by the early 19th century. Some of the Coushatta and Alabama people were removed west to Indian Territory (now Oklahoma) in the 1830s under Indian Removal, together with other Muscogee peoples.

Today, Coushatta people are enrolled in three federally recognized tribes:
 * Alabama-Quassarte Tribal Town in Wetumka, Oklahoma
 * Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana.
 * Alabama-Coushatta Tribe of Texas

Language
The Koasati language is part of the Apalachee-Alabama-Koasati branch of the Muskogean languages. An estimated 200 people spoke the language in 2000, most of whom lived in Louisiana. The language is written in the Latin script.

History
The Coushatta were historically farmers, growing a variety of maize, beans, and squash, and supplementing their diet by hunting game and fish. They are known for their skill at basketry. Nearly all the Spanish expeditions (including the 1539-1543 Hernando de Soto Expedition) into the interior of Spanish Florida recorded encountering the original town of the tribe. It was believed to be located in the Tennessee River Valley. The Spanish referred to the people as Coste, with their nearby neighbors being the Chiaha, Chiska, Yuchi, Tasquiqui, and Tali.

In the 17th and 18th centuries, avoiding the encroachment by European settlers, the Coushatta migrated west into present-day Alabama. Along the way they established their town at Nickajack (Ani-Kusati-yi, or Koasati-place, in Cherokee) in the current Marion County, Tennessee. Later they founded a major settlement at the north end of Long Island, which is bisected by the present-day Tennessee–Alabama state line.

By the time of the American Revolution, the Coushatta had moved many miles down the Tennessee River where their town is recorded as Coosada. In the 18th century, some of the Coushatta joined the emerging Muscogee (Creek) Confederacy, where they became a part of the "Upper Creeks". They were closely related to the Alabama Indians and often intermarried with them. Coushatta and Alabama who stayed in Alabama were part of the 1830s forcible removal to Indian Territory west of the Mississippi River. Today their descendants form the federally recognized Alabama-Quassarte Tribal Town in Wetumka, Oklahoma

Some of the Coushatta tribe split from the Creek Confederacy and went to South Louisiana. Their descendants today make up the federally recognized Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana.

Notable chiefs among the Coushatta-Alabama were Long King and his successor Colita (1838–1852). They led their people to settle in present-day Polk County, Texas, in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Colita's village was founded before the European-American settlement of Livingston, Texas. Descendants of these peoples form the federally recognized Alabama-Coushatta Tribe of Texas and have a reservation near Livingston.

Ethnobotany
A decoction of the leaves of sweet everlasting (Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium) is used for fevers. The Coushatta have historically bathed those with fevers with it.

20th century to present
The Alabama-Quassarte Tribal Town in Wetumka, Oklahoma, achieved federal recognition in 1939, following passage of the 1936 Oklahoma Indian Welfare Act. Its people were descendants of a community that had moved as a group from their town in Alabama to Indian Territory in the 1830s. They settled together and maintained their tribal town identity. In addition, its people have dual citizenship in the federally recognized Muscogee (Creek) Nation, representing descendants of the broader Creek Confederacy. It has an enrolled population of 380.

In 1972, the Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana achieved state-recognition as a tribe. A year later it gained federal recognition. The tribe has acquired 685 acre of reservation near its historical 18th and 19th-century homeland. This land is held in trust on the tribe's behalf by the United States Department of the Interior.

In the 20th century, the Coushatta people in Louisiana began cultivating rice and crawfish on tribally owned farms on the reservation, where most of the current population resides. An estimated 200 people of the tribe still speak the Coushatta language. In the early 21st century, fewer young people are learning it, so the tribe is working on language preservation.

Since the late 20th century and the rise in Indian self-determination, many Native American tribes have developed a new source of revenue by establishing gaming casino on their reservations which are sovereign territories. States, which had begun their own gaming operations and regulated private ones, and the federal government have passed legislation to control Indian gaming, which must conform to what exists by state law. While such revenues are not taxable by the states, tribes often negotiate agreements with the states to share some portion of income, in recognition of their reliance on state infrastructure and other assets. In the 1990s, the Coushatta of Louisiana hired the lobbyist Jack Abramoff to assist in establishing a casino on their reservation. They were victims of his manipulations, as he charged them high fees but did not work on their behalf to gain federal or state approval of such development. He was ultimately prosecuted for his actions.

Since then, Louisiana Coushatta have established gaming on its reservation. It also has state tax–free sales of certain items to raise revenues.

The Alabama-Coushatta Tribe of Texas achieved federal recognition in 1987. The nation acquired a 4600 acre reservation near Livingston, Texas, its homeland since settling in this area in the early 19th century. It has 1,100 enrolled citizens.

title: Coushatta


text:
Simon de Montfort's Parliament

Simon de Montfort's Parliament was an English parliament held from 20 January 1265 until mid-March of the same year, called by Simon de Montfort, a baronial rebel leader.

Montfort had seized power in England following his victory over Henry III at the Battle of Lewes during the Second Barons' War, but his grip on the country was under threat. To gain more support, he summoned not only the barons and the knights of the shires, as in previous parliaments, but also burgesses from the major towns. They discussed radical reforms and temporarily stabilised Montfort's political situation. Montfort was killed at the Battle of Evesham later that year, but the idea of inviting both knights and burgesses to parliaments became more popular under Henry's son Edward I. By the 14th century, it had become the norm, with the gathering becoming known as the House of Commons.

Background
In 1258, King Henry III of England faced a revolt among the English barons. Anger had grown about the way the King's officials were raising funds, the influence of his Poitevin relatives at court and his unpopular Sicilian policy; even the English Church had grievances over its treatment by the King. Within Henry's court there was a strong feeling that the King would be unable to lead the country through these problems. On 30 April, Hugh Bigod marched into Westminster in the middle of the King's parliament, backed by his co-conspirators, including Simon de Montfort, the Earl of Leicester, and carried out a coup d'état. Henry, fearful that he was about to be arrested and imprisoned, agreed to abandon his policy of personal rule and instead govern through a council of 24 barons and churchmen, half chosen by the King and half by the barons.

The pressure for reform continued to grow unabated and a parliament met in June. The term "parliament" had first appeared in the 1230s and 1240s to describe large gatherings of the royal court, and parliamentary gatherings were held periodically throughout Henry's reign. They were used to agree upon the raising of taxes which, in the 13th century, were single, one-off levies, typically on movable property, intended to support the King's normal revenues for particular projects. During Henry's reign, the counties had begun to send regular delegations to these parliaments, and came to represent a broader cross-section of the community than simply the major barons.

The new parliament passed a set of measures known as the Provisions of Oxford, which Henry swore to uphold. These provisions created a smaller council of 15 members, elected solely by the barons, which then had the power to appoint England's justiciar, chancellor and treasurer, and which would be monitored through triennial parliaments. Pressure from the lesser barons and the gentry present at Oxford also helped to push through wider reform, intended to limit the abuse of power by both the King's officials and the major barons. More radical measures were passed by the new council the next year, in the form of the Provisions of Westminster.

The disagreements between the leading barons involved in the revolt soon became evident. Montfort championed radical reforms that would place further limitations on the authority and power of the major barons as well as the Crown; others promoted only moderate change, while the conservative barons expressed concerns about the existing limitations on the King's powers. Over the next four years, neither Henry nor the barons were able to restore stability in England, and power swung back and forth between the different factions. By early 1263, what remained of Henry's authority had disintegrated and the country slipped back towards open civil war. Montfort convened a council of rebel barons in Oxford to pursue his radical agenda and by October, England faced a likely civil war. Montfort marched east with an army and London rose up in revolt. Montfort took Henry and Queen Eleanor prisoner, and although he maintained a fiction of ruling in Henry's name, the rebels completely replaced the royal government and household with their own, trusted men.

Montfort's coalition began to quickly fragment, Henry regained his freedom of movement and renewed chaos spread across England. Henry appealed to his brother-in-law Louis of France for arbitration in the dispute; Montfort was initially hostile to this idea, but, as war became more likely again, he decided to agree to French arbitration as well. Initially Montfort's legal arguments held sway, but in January 1264, Louis announced the Mise of Amiens, condemning the rebels, upholding the King's rights and annulling the Provisions of Oxford. The Second Barons' War finally broke out in April, when Henry led an army into Montfort's territories. Becoming desperate, Montfort marched in pursuit of Henry and the two armies met at the Battle of Lewes on 14 May. Despite their numerical superiority, Henry's forces were overwhelmed. Captured, Henry was forced to pardon the rebel barons and reinstate the Provisions of Oxford, leaving him, as historian Adrian Jobson describes, "little more than a figurehead".

Parliament
Simon de Montfort claimed to be ruling in the King's name through a council of officials. However, he had effective political control over the government even though he was not himself the monarch, the first time this had happened in English history. Montfort successfully held a parliament in London in June 1264 to confirm new constitutional arrangements for England; two knights were summoned from each county, chosen by the county court, and were allowed to comment on general matters of state – the first time this had occurred. Montfort was unable to consolidate his victory at Lewes, however, and widespread disorder persisted across the country. In France, Eleanor made plans for an invasion of England with the support of Louis.

In response, and hoping to win wider support for his government, Montfort summoned a new parliament for 20 January 1265 which continued until mid March that year. It was held at short notice, with the summons being issued on 14 December, leaving little time for attendees to respond. He summoned not only the nobility, senior churchmen and two knights from each county, but also two burgesses from each of the major towns such as York, Lincoln, Sandwich, and the Cinque Ports, the first time this had been done. Due to the lack of support for Montfort among the nobility, only 23 of them were summoned to parliament, in comparison to the summons issued to 120 churchmen, who largely supported the new government; it is unknown how many burgesses were called. The event was overseen by King Henry, and held in the Palace of Westminster, just outside London, which was the largest city in England, and whose continuing loyalty was essential to Montfort's cause.

This parliament was a tactical move by Montfort in an attempt to gather support from the regions, and the historian Jeffrey Hamilton characterises it as "a very partisan assembly, not some sort of proto-democratic representative body". Once again the representatives were allowed to comment on wider political matters than just the usual issues of taxation. The business of the parliament focused on enforcing the Provisions of Westminster, in particular its restrictions on the major nobles, and promising judicial help to those who felt they were suffering from unfair feudal lordship.

The parliament bought temporary calm but opposition grew once more, particularly as Montfort and his immediate family began to amass a huge personal fortune. Prince Edward escaped his captors in May and formed a new army, resulting in a fresh outbreak of civil war. Edward pursued Montfort's forces through the Welsh Marches, before striking east to attack his fortress at Kenilworth and then turning once more on the rebel leader himself. Montfort, accompanied by the captive Henry, was unable to retreat and the Battle of Evesham ensued. Edward was triumphant and Montfort's corpse was mutilated by the victors. In places the now leaderless rebellion dragged on, with some rebels gathering at Kenilworth, which Henry and Edward took after a long siege in 1266. The remaining pockets of resistance were mopped up, and the final rebels, holed up on the Isle of Ely, surrendered in July 1267, marking the end of the war.

Legacy

Henry III ruled England until his death in 1272, continuing to summon parliaments, sometimes including a number of knights of each shire and, once, including burgesses from the towns. After 1297 under Edward I's reign, this became the norm, and by the early 14th century it was normal to include the knights and burgesses, a grouping that would become known as the "Commons" of England and, ultimately, form the "House of Commons".

Simon de Montfort's parliament of 1265 is sometimes referred to as the first representative English parliament, because of its inclusion of both the knights and the burgesses, and Montfort himself is often regarded as the founder of the House of Commons. The 19th century historian William Stubbs popularised the 1295 "Model Parliament" of Edward I as the first genuine parliament; however, modern scholarship questions this analysis. The historian David Carpenter describes Montfort's 1265 parliament as "a landmark" in the development of parliament as an institution during the medieval period.

Modern recognition
The Parliament of the United Kingdom presented a loyal address to Queen Elizabeth II in 1965 to mark the 700th anniversary of Montfort's Parliament, and the Queen addressed both Houses of Parliament. The House of Lords Record Office, now known as the Parliamentary Archives, organised an exhibition in the Houses of Parliament of several important Acts of Parliament. Some of these documents were displayed again in a 2015 exhibition.

In 2015, Parliament held a year-long programme of events called "Parliament in the Making", coordinated with Parliament Week, including events to mark the 750th anniversary of Montfort's Parliament. The BBC broadcast a "Democracy Day" on 20 January to coincide with the 750th anniversary consisting of live discussions and debate about parliament and democracy. It was presented in partnership with the Speaker's Office of the House of Commons, including broadcasts from inside the Palace of Westminster. Westminster Abbey held a special evensong on 22 January commemorating the anniversary of the Montfort parliament and the development of rights and representation.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Simon de Montfort's Parliament


text:
David Penberthy

David Penberthy (born 1969, Adelaide, South Australia) is the former editor-in-chief of News Limited news site news.com.au and the former opinion website, The Punch. He was editor of The Daily Telegraph in Sydney, Australia, from April 2005 until November 2008.

Early life and education
Penberthy studied a Bachelor of Arts at the University of Adelaide in the late 1980s. Initially, he had enrolled in a Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Laws, but he left legal studies to enter journalism.

Career
He was the 1990 co-editor of On Dit, the newspaper of the University's Student Association and was also President of CISCAC, the Committee in Solidarity with Central America and the Caribbean, a Marxist political club. In addition he was the energetic frontman for punk band Cerveza y Putas (Beer and Whores), which played originals and cover songs from such bands as the Pixies, Minor Threat, The Lemonheads, The Smiths and Hüsker Dü in Spanish, a language Penberthy acquired while living in Mexico in the late 1980s.

Penberthy started his career as an industrial relations reporter and then political reporter for the Adelaide-based The Advertiser, hired by then editor Peter Blunden.

In 1999 Penberthy switched to work at the Sydney-based Daily Telegraph, another newspaper in the News Limited stable. Three years into his tenure at the Telegraph he was appointed chief of staff. Later he became an opinion editor and roving columnist for the newspaper. One of Penberthy's more famous moments as a reporter with the Daily Telegraph came with his "Five Star Asylum" piece, an article headlined "The truth about how inmates are treated inside Australia's detention centres."

In 2005 Penberthy was appointed editor of the Daily Telegraph. As editor, Penberthy came under intense pressure over the publication of stories focusing on then NSW Liberal Party leader John Brogden, who was accused of making inappropriate comments to the journalist Justine Ferrari while drunk. The Daily Telegraph said there was evidence of more serious issues concerning Brogden, who later apparently tried to commit suicide.

Penberthy resigned as editor of the Daily Telegraph in November 2008 during the newspaper's campaign for the New South Wales state government to "sack itself".

In October 2010, Penberthy was appointed the editor-in-chief of News Limited's online news site news.com.au as well as opinion website The Punch.

Penberthy is currently (2017) the co-host of the Breakfast Show (6am–9am) on Adelaide talkback radio station FIVEaa alongside Will Goodings. He is also a columnist for The Australian, The Advertiser, and the Sunday Mail.

Personal life
In October 2010 it was reported that Penberthy had recently separated from his wife and he was romantically linked to federal MP Kate Ellis. A relationship between the two was confirmed by news reports in January 2011. They confirmed their engagement in November 2012, and were married on 23 February 2013. They had a son in April 2015. Their second son was born in July 2017.

title: David Penberthy


text:
Intellivision Lives!

Intellivision Lives! is a compilation of over 60 Intellivision video games, originally produced by Mattel Electronics and INTV Corporation between 1978 and 1990. Using original game code and software emulation, Intellivision Productions released the compilation on a Windows and Macintosh hybrid CD-ROM in December 1998. Additional versions were then released for the PlayStation 2, Xbox, and GameCube by Crave Entertainment. In 2010, Virtual Play Games released a Nintendo DS version.

Intellivision Productions later published Intellivision Rocks, which includes third-party games originally published by Activision and Imagic, as well as Intellivoice and ECS games.

Overview
Some games, such as Advanced Dungeons & Dragons: Cloudy Mountain and Treasure of Tarmin use different titles to avoid the trademark. Licenses such as MLB, NFL, NBA, and The Electric Company were simply dropped from the titles. Also included were games never before released, such as King of the Mountain, Brickout, and Takeover.

In addition to the games, the Crave Entertainment releases have several unlockables, such as classic Intellivision commercials. The original Windows/Mac version is a resource for development history, unfinished prototypes, box art, overlays, instructions, hidden features, programmer biographies, and video interviews.

History and development
In June 1995, former Mattel Electronics programmers led by Keith Robinson started the Blue Sky Rangers Intellivision website. Blue Sky Rangers being a nickname given to the Mattel Electronics programmers in a TV Guide magazine article from the 1982 June 19 issue. The website provides the history of the Intellivsion games and credits the programmers and artists. It was well received with fans asking how the games can be played on their computers. In 1997 Intellivision Productions, Inc. was formed by former Mattel Electronics programmers Keith Robinson and Stephen Roney with the purchase of the rights to the Intellivision and its games.

At the same time, a student in Michigan named Carl Mueller Jr. was independently working on reverse engineering the Intellivision. With the help of Intellivision ROM dumps from Sean Kelly and then William Moeller and Scott Nudds, Carl was able to create the first Intellivision emulator that plays the games on a modern computer. Sean was fortunate to have two Intellivision prototype cartridges with standard 8-bit EPROMS as opposed to the more complex memory mapped ROMS used by standard cartridges. William and Scott were able to dump the Intellivision embedded executive control software and graphics ROMS, as well as build a cartridge reader to dump any Intellivision cartridge.

Carl's MS-DOS emulator and a Macintosh emulator created by Intellivisions Productions' Steve Roney would be used in the free Intellipack downloads so anyone could play select Intellivision games on their computers for the first time in 1997. The Intellivision for PC/Mac Volume 2 download, also of 1997, was the first release of Deep Pockets Super Pro Billiards, the last game programmed for the Intellivision in 1990 but unreleased by INTV Corporation. They would also be used to play the original Intellivision games in the Intellivision Lives! PC/Mac CD-ROM edition released in 1998 by Intellivision Productions.

PC and Macintosh system requirements
The PC/Mac edition was produced with Macromedia Director and may not be compatible with modern operating systems. The QuickTime videos, emulators, and Intellivision ROM image files are directly accessible on the CD-ROM.

The Intellivision Lives! PC/Mac v1.0 system requirements:
 * PC: Pentium 90 MHz, Windows 95, 8MB RAM, 8x CD-ROM, QuickTime v3.0 or better
 * Mac: Power Macintosh, OS7.5, 100 MHz, 16MB RAM, 8x CD-ROM, QuickTime

The Intellivision Lives! PC/Mac v1.1 system requirements:
 * PC: Pentium 266 MHz, Windows 95/98/Me/2000/XP, 32M RAM, 8X CD-ROM, 16-bit DirectX compatible sound & video cards, DirectX 7 or better, QuickTime v3.0 or better
 * Mac: Power Macintosh, OS 8/9/X, 120 MHz, 32M RAM, 8X CD-ROM, QuickTime

Controller functions are mapped to the computer keyboard; an extended keyboard is required to access both left and right Intellivision controllers. With Macintosh, USB game controllers could be used indirectly with a joystick to keyboard mapper utility. For PC, Intellivision Productions promoted the Gravis GamePad Pro game controller (game port version). The MS-DOS emulator, directly accessible on the CD-ROM, also supported original Intellivision controllers through the INTV2PC Hand Controller Interface. INTV2PC is a parallel port adapter that accepts original Intellivision hand controllers. This feature although not promoted is documented in the INTVPC files on the CD-ROM. Modern intellivision emulators and USB controller adapters have since become available, compatible with the Intellivision Lives rom image files.

To play the games using real Intellivision controllers Intellivision Productions supported the use of a device called the Intellicart. The Intellicart is a RAM cartridge with an RS-232 interface that can accept a copy of an Intellivision ROM image file from a computer. Rather than play the Intellivision Lives! games through an emulator, they can be played on a real Intellivision through an Intellicart. Since that time modern Intellivision flash memory cartridges have been made that achieve the same result.

In 2002 an updated Intellivision Lives! PC/Mac v1.1 was made available by Intellivision Productions. Those that purchased the original could upgrade for a nominal fee. It added Windows 98/ME/2000/XP support with a native Windows emulator supporting DirectX sound, video, and game controllers.

Modern video game consoles
Realtime Associates developed the video game console editions published by Crave Entertainment for PlayStation 2 (2003), Xbox (2004), and GameCube (2004). In these versions the games are accessed from a 3D "overworld" set in a circa 1980s pizza parlor; an inaccurate representation as the Intellivision games were originally designed for a home console. Games were also re-organised by genres rather than the original Mattel Electronics Networks used in the PC/Mac edition. Some games require two controllers, even to play single player.

In 2010 Virtual Play Games published Intellivision Lives! for the Nintendo DS handheld system, also developed by Realtime Associates. It features wireless, multiplayer support using a single game card. The Nintendo DS's touch screen emulates the Intellivision's 12-button keypad including an overlay image for each game. The Nintendo DS lacks a 16 direction pad used by some Intellivision games. This limitation was overcome, in Vectron for example, by mapping directional inputs to the touch screen. Only 10,000 copies of the Nintendo DS edition were ever released.

The Xbox version of Intellivision Lives! is fully forward compatible with the Xbox 360 console, and in 2008 Intellivision Lives! became available for purchase as a download through Xbox Live Game Marketplace's Xbox Originals.

Intellivision Rocks
Intellivision Rocks is the PC-only sequel to the original PC version of Intellivision Lives!. As with Intellivision Lives!, Intellivision Rocks is a collection of games which were originally found on the Intellivision, presented in emulated form. It mainly features 3rd-party games from Activision and Imagic. In addition, several unreleased games are included.

Reception
IGN said that Intellivision Lives! is "still blocky after all these years, sure...but these games really need the controller." GameSpot editors said that although the controller emulation is a little hard to handle, the collection does a fine job in delivering classic Intellivision games.

title: Intellivision Lives!


text:
User:Silverwood

I am actively editing the following pages:
Desolation Row Diogenes of Sinope Sadcore Slowcore Hayao Miyazaki Desolation Row John Francis Flynn Edgar Rice Burroughs Pub Rock

title: User:Silverwood


text:
2005 Sardinian provincial elections

The 2005 provincial elections of Sardinia took place on 8–9 May 2005.

All the Provinces of Sardinia, including the newly established ones (Olbia-Tempio, Medio Campidano, Ogliastra and Carbonia-Iglesias), elected their Presidents and Provincial Councils. A run-off was needed in Olbia-Tempio and took place two weeks later. The elections saw a big victory for the centre-left, which won seven provinces out of eight.

Presidents
!align=left rowspan=2 valign=center bgcolor="#E9E9E9"| !colspan="3" align="center" valign=top bgcolor="lightblue"|House of Freedoms !colspan="3" align="center" valign=top bgcolor="pink"|The Union !colspan="3" align="center" valign=top bgcolor="lightgreen"|Independence Republic of Sardinia !colspan="1" align="center" valign=top bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|Others
 * align="left" bgcolor="lightblue"|candidate
 * align="center" bgcolor="lightblue"| 1st round
 * align="center" bgcolor="lightblue"| 2nd round
 * align="left" bgcolor="pink"|candidate
 * align="center" bgcolor="pink"| 1st round
 * align="center" bgcolor="pink"| 2nd round
 * align="left" bgcolor="lightgreen"|candidate
 * align="center" bgcolor="lightgreen"| 1st round
 * align="center" bgcolor="lightgreen"| 2nd round
 * align="center" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"| 1st round
 * align="left" valign=top bgcolor="#E9E9E9" |Cagliari
 * align="left" valign=top bgcolor="lightblue"|Mariano Delogu (National Alliance)
 * align="center" valign=top bgcolor="lightblue"|51.8%
 * align="center" valign=top bgcolor="lightblue"|-
 * align="left" valign=top bgcolor="pink"|Graziano Milia (Democrats of the Left)
 * align="center" valign=top bgcolor="pink"|44.2%
 * align="center" valign=top bgcolor="pink"|-
 * align="left" valign=top bgcolor="lightgreen"|Elisabetta Pitzurra (IRS)
 * align="center" valign=top bgcolor="lightgreen"|0.8%
 * align="center" valign=top bgcolor="lightgreen"|-
 * align="center" valign=top bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|3.2%
 * align="left" valign=top bgcolor="#E9E9E9" |Carbonia-Iglesias
 * align="left" valign=top bgcolor="lightblue"|Antonio Macciò (Union of Christian Democrats)
 * align="center" valign=top bgcolor="lightblue"|39.5%
 * align="center" valign=top bgcolor="lightblue"|-
 * align="left" valign=top bgcolor="pink"|Pierfranco Gaviano (Democracy is Freedom)
 * align="center" valign=top bgcolor="pink"|54.9%
 * align="center" valign=top bgcolor="pink"|-
 * align="left" valign=top bgcolor="lightgreen"|Giovannino Sedda (IRS)
 * align="center" valign=top bgcolor="lightgreen"|0.9%
 * align="center" valign=top bgcolor="lightgreen"|-
 * align="center" valign=top bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|4.7%
 * align="left" valign=top bgcolor="#E9E9E9" |Medio Campidano
 * align="left" valign=top bgcolor="lightblue"|Francesco Atzori (Forza Italia)
 * align="center" valign=top bgcolor="lightblue"|24.4%
 * align="center" valign=top bgcolor="lightblue"|-
 * align="left" valign=top bgcolor="pink"|Fulvio Tocco (Democrats of the Left)
 * align="center" valign=top bgcolor="pink"|67.2%
 * align="center" valign=top bgcolor="pink"|-
 * align="left" valign=top bgcolor="lightgreen"|Francesco Sedda (IRS)
 * align="center" valign=top bgcolor="lightgreen"|1.4%
 * align="center" valign=top bgcolor="lightgreen"|-
 * align="center" valign=top bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|7.0%
 * align="left" valign=top bgcolor="#E9E9E9" |Nuoro
 * align="left" valign=top bgcolor="lightblue"|Silvestro Ladu (Fortza Paris)
 * align="center" valign=top bgcolor="lightblue"|29.2%
 * align="center" valign=top bgcolor="lightblue"|-
 * align="left" valign=top bgcolor="pink"|Roberto Deriu (Democracy is Freedom)
 * align="center" valign=top bgcolor="pink"|60.4%
 * align="center" valign=top bgcolor="pink"|-
 * align="left" valign=top bgcolor="lightgreen"|Pasqualina Soro (IRS)
 * align="center" valign=top bgcolor="lightgreen"|1.4%
 * align="center" valign=top bgcolor="lightgreen"|-
 * align="center" valign=top bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|9.0%
 * align="left" valign=top bgcolor="#E9E9E9" |Ogliastra
 * align="left" valign=top bgcolor="lightblue"|Attilio Murru (Forza Italia)
 * align="center" valign=top bgcolor="lightblue"|34.1%
 * align="center" valign=top bgcolor="lightblue"|
 * align="left" valign=top bgcolor="pink"|Pier Luigi Carta (Democratic Socialists)
 * align="center" valign=top bgcolor="pink"|59.9%
 * align="center" valign=top bgcolor="pink"|-
 * align="left" valign=top bgcolor="lightgreen"|-
 * align="center" valign=top bgcolor="lightgreen"|-
 * align="center" valign=top bgcolor="lightgreen"|-
 * align="center" valign=top bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|6.0%
 * align="left" valign=top bgcolor="#E9E9E9" |Olbia-Tempio
 * align="left" valign=top bgcolor="lightblue"|Livio Fideli (Forza Italia)
 * align="center" valign=top bgcolor="lightblue"|46.5%
 * align="center" valign=top bgcolor="lightblue"|48.6%
 * align="left" valign=top bgcolor="pink"|Anna Murrighile (Sardinia Project)
 * align="center" valign=top bgcolor="pink"|46.8%
 * align="center" valign=top bgcolor="pink"|51.9%
 * align="left" valign=top bgcolor="lightgreen"|Giovanni Pala (IRS)
 * align="center" valign=top bgcolor="lightgreen"|1.4%
 * align="center" valign=top bgcolor="lightgreen"|-
 * align="center" valign=top bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|5.3%
 * align="left" valign=top bgcolor="#E9E9E9" |Oristano
 * align="left" valign=top bgcolor="lightblue"|Pasquale Onida (Fortza Paris)
 * align="center" valign=top bgcolor="lightblue"|52.4%
 * align="center" valign=top bgcolor="lightblue"|-
 * align="left" valign=top bgcolor="pink"|Silvano Cadoni (Sardinian Action Party)
 * align="center" valign=top bgcolor="pink"|45.0%
 * align="center" valign=top bgcolor="pink"|-
 * align="left" valign=top bgcolor="lightgreen"|Francesco Sanna (IRS)
 * align="center" valign=top bgcolor="lightgreen"|1.9%
 * align="center" valign=top bgcolor="lightgreen"|-
 * align="center" valign=top bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|0.7%
 * align="left" valign=top bgcolor="#E9E9E9" |Sassari
 * align="left" valign=top bgcolor="lightblue"|Stefano Poddighe (Sardinian Reformers)
 * align="center" valign=top bgcolor="lightblue"|32.7%
 * align="center" valign=top bgcolor="lightblue"|-
 * align="left" valign=top bgcolor="pink"|Alessandra Giudici (Democracy is Freedom)
 * align="center" valign=top bgcolor="pink"|60.7%
 * align="center" valign=top bgcolor="pink"|
 * align="left" valign=top bgcolor="lightgreen"|Gavino Sale (IRS)
 * align="center" valign=top bgcolor="lightgreen"|4.1%
 * align="center" valign=top bgcolor="lightgreen"|-
 * align="center" valign=top bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|2.5%
 * } Source: Ministry of the Interior
 * align="center" valign=top bgcolor="lightblue"|-
 * align="left" valign=top bgcolor="pink"|Alessandra Giudici (Democracy is Freedom)
 * align="center" valign=top bgcolor="pink"|60.7%
 * align="center" valign=top bgcolor="pink"|
 * align="left" valign=top bgcolor="lightgreen"|Gavino Sale (IRS)
 * align="center" valign=top bgcolor="lightgreen"|4.1%
 * align="center" valign=top bgcolor="lightgreen"|-
 * align="center" valign=top bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|2.5%
 * } Source: Ministry of the Interior

title: 2005 Sardinian provincial elections


text:
Druceiella

Druceiella is a genus of moths of the family Hepialidae. There are four described species, although a revision of the genus is being carried out which will add at least four new species. The current species are all found in South America.

Males of this genus are unusual in having an asymmetric extension at the end of the abdomen.

The genus was named in honour of the entomologist Herbert Druce (1846–1913).

Species

 * Druceiella amazonensis – Brazil
 * Druceiella basirubra – Bolivia/Peru
 * Druceiella metellus – Ecuador
 * Druceiella momus – Ecuador

title: Druceiella


text:
Royal Staff

The royal staff or Than Phra Kon (Thai: ธารพระกร) is one of the five royal regalia of the King of Thailand. The staff is made of cassia wood and enclosed at both ends in gold. It has a length of 118 cm. One end has a knob and there are three tines at the foot. The royal staff is used as a symbol of regal authority as in other cultures around the world, and is associated in Thailand with the guiding of the king's footsteps down the path of justice and equity.

title: Royal Staff


text:
Ticky Holgado

Ticky Holgado (24 June 1944 – 22 January 2004), pseudonym of Joseph Holgado, was a French actor and a frequent collaborator with Jean-Pierre Jeunet.

With Delicatessen (1991) by Jean-Pierre Jeunet and Marc Caro, Ticky Holgado saw his acting talent acknowledged. Gérard Jugnot wrote for him the character of the beggar who meets the frame in the unemployment becoming NFA (played by Jugnot) in Une époque formidable... (1991).

He received two César Award for Best Supporting Actor nominations for Une époque formidable... and French Twist.

In September 2003, Holgado announced the remission of his lung cancer, which had considerably rarefied his appearances on the screen since 2000. On 5 January 2004, he had just begun work on a new film with Lelouch, but he succumbed to cancer on 22 January 2004. He left a posthumous message, in the form of a document which appeared on his hospital bed after taking him to surgery to remove his fourth cancerous tumor. Holgado declared there: "It is necessary to tell to people that it's absolutely necessary to stop smoking".

Ticky Holgado was buried at the Père Lachaise Cemetery (45th division).

Filmography

 *  (1980, directed by ) (starring Bernard Lavalette, Hubert Deschamps) – Le voisin
 *  (1981, directed by François Mimet) – (uncredited)
 * Putain d'histoire d'amour (1981, directed by Gilles Béhat) (starring Richard Berry, Mirella D'Angelo) – Un de la bande des Gominés
 * Belles, blondes et bronzées (1981, directed by Max Pécas) (starring Philippe Klébert, Xavier Deluc) – Gus
 * Comment draguer toutes les filles (1981, directed by Michel Vocoret) – Antoine, le garagiste
 * On n'est pas sorti de l'auberge (1982, directed by Max Pécas)
 * Circulez y a rien à voir! (1983, directed by Patrice Leconte) – Le planton N°1
 * Les planqués du régiment (1983, directed by Michel Caputo) – Le militaire qui vient chercher des fleurs pour le maréchal Mégalo
 * On l'appelle catastrophe (1983, directed by Richard Balducci) (starring Michel Leeb, Darry Cowl) – Alphonse
 * Les branchés à St. Tropez (1983, directed by Max Pécas) (starring Olivia Dutron, Xavier Deluc) – Ticky
 * Mesrine (1984, directed by André Génovès)
 * Le juge (1984, directed by Philippe Lefebvre) – Un garde
 * Le Fou du roi (1984, directed by Yvan Chiffre) (starring Diane Bellego, Gaëtan Bloom)
 * My New Partner (1984, directed by Claude Zidi) (starring Thierry Lhermitte, Philippe Noiret) – Alphonse
 * Comment draguer tous les mecs (1984, directed by Jean-Paul Feuillebois) – Frère Gontran
 * Brigade des mœurs (1985, directed by Max Pécas) (starring Thierry Carbonnières, Jean-Marc Maurel)
 * Les rois du gag (1985, directed by Claude Zidi)
 * Adieu Blaireau (1985, directed by Bob Decout) – Le barman
 * Le bonheur a encore frappé (1986, directed by Jean-Luc Trotignon) – Gérant du supermarché
 * Nuit d'ivresse (1986, directed by Bernard Nauer) (starring Josiane Balasko and Thierry Lhermitte) – L'électro
 * Manon des sources (1986, directed by Claude Berri) (starring Yves Montand, Daniel Auteuil) – Le Spécialiste
 * Sale destin (1987, directed by Sylvain Madigan)
 * Lévy et Goliath (1987, directed by Gérard Oury) – Le faux bossu
 * Lady Cops (1987, directed by Josiane Balasko) (starring Josiane Balasko, Isaach Bankolé) – Blondel / Insp. Blondel
 * Without Fear or Blame (1988, directed by Gérard Jugnot) (starring Remi Martin, Roland Giraud) – Mignard de Parthode
 * The Hairdresser's Husband (1990, directed by Patrice Leconte) (starring Jean Rochefort, Anna Galiena) – Morvoisieux Son-in-Law
 * My Mother's Castle (1990, directed by Yves Robert) (starring Julien Ciamaca, Philippe Caubère) – Binucci
 * Uranus (1990, directed by Claude Berri) (starring Michel Blanc, Gérard Depardieu) – Mégrin, l'avocat
 * Delicatessen (1991, directed by Jean-Pierre Jeunet, Marc Caro) (starring Dominique Pinon, Marie-Laure Dougnac) – Marcel Tapioca
 * The Professional Secrets of Dr. Apfelgluck (1991, directed by Alessandro Capone, Stéphane Clavier) (starring Josiane Balasko, Alain Chabat) – Le Ténardie
 * Une époque formidable... (1991, directed by Gérard Jugnot) (starring Richard Bohringer, Victoria Abril, César du meilleur second rôle masculin) – Crayon
 * Mayrig (1991, directed by Henri Verneuil) (starring Richard Berry, Claudia Cardinale)
 * My Life Is Hell (1991, directed by Josiane Balasko) (starring Daniel Auteuil, Josiane Balasko) – El Diablo
 * The Supper (1992, directed by Edouard Molinaro) (starring Claude Brasseur, Claude Rich) – Jacques
 * ''Tango (1993, directed by Patrice Leconte) – Waiter
 * Drôles d'oiseaux ! (1993, directed by Peter Kassovitz) (starring Bernard Giraudeau, Patrick Chesnais) – Benoit Cabane
 * Justinien Trouvé, ou le bâtard de Dieu (1993, directed by Christian Fechner) (starring Pierre-Olivier Mornas, Bernard-Pierre Donnadieu) – Beaulouis
 * Lost in Transit (1993, directed by Philippe Lioret) (starring Jean Rochefort, Marisa Paredes) – Serge
 * L'honneur de la tribu (1993, directed by Mahmoud Zemmouri) – Martial
 * French Twist (1995, directed by Josiane Balasko) (starring Victoria Abril, Josiane Balasko, Alain Chabat) (Nominated – César Award for Best Supporting Actor) – Antoine
 * Les Misérables (1995, directed by Claude Lelouch) (starring Jean-Paul Belmondo, Michel Boujenah) – Le gentil voyou / Kind Hoodlum
 * Funny Bones (1995, directed by Peter Chelsom) (starring Oliver Platt, Oliver Reed) – Battiston
 * The City of Lost Children (1995, directed by Jean-Pierre Jeunet, Marc Caro) (starring Ron Perlman, Judith Vittet) – Ex-Acrobat
 * Les Milles (le train de la liberté) (1995, directed by Sebastien Grall) (starring Philippe Noiret, Rüdiger Vogler) – Capt. Moinard
 * Lumière and Company (1995, directed by Lasse Hallström, Abbas Kiarostami) (starring Pernilla August, Romane Bohringer) – (segment "Claude Lelouch")
 * Let's Hope it Lasts (1996, directed by Michel Thibaud) (starring Gérard Darmon, Catherina Jacob, Emmanuelle Seigner) – Joseph Ponty
 * Men, Women: A User's Manual (1996, directed by Claude Lelouch) – Toc Toc, Loulou's Father
 * The Best Job in the World (1996, directed by Gérard Lauzier) (starring Gérard Depardieu, Michèle Laroque) – Baudouin
 * La chasse au rhinocéros à Budapest (1997, directed by Michael Haussman) (starring Nick Cave) – Alcoholic Man
 * Amour et confusions (1997, directed by Patrick Braoudé) (starring Patrick Braoudé, Kristin Scott Thomas) – The sexologist
 * Let There Be Light (1998, directed by Arthur Joffe) (starring Hélène de Fougerolles, Tchéky Karyo) – L'ange René
 * Prison à domicile (1998, directed by Christophe Jacrot) (starring Jean-Roger Milo, Hélène Vincent) – Jules Klarh
 *  (1998, directed by ) (Bruno Putzulu) – Ian
 * Le schpountz (1999, directed by Gérard Oury) (starring Smaïn, Sabine Azéma) – Oncle Baptiste
 * Actors (2000, directed by Bertrand Blier) (starring Pierre Arditi, Josiane Balasko) – Le clochard cul-de-jatte
 * Most Promising Young Actress (2000, directed by Gérard Jugnot) (starring Gérard Jugnot, Bérénice Bejo, Chantal Lauby) – Un SDF
 * Amélie (2000, directed by Jean-Pierre Jeunet) (starring Audrey Tautou, Mathieu Kassovitz) – L'homme dans la photo
 *  (2001, directed by (starring  Yves Rénier)
 *  (2001, Short, directed by Jon Carnoy) (starring Ticky Holgado, François Levantal) – Le barbier
 * Monsieur Batignole (2002, directed by Gérard Jugnot) (starring Gérard Jugnot, Jules Sitruk) – Lucien Morel
 *  (2002, directed by Fabien Onteniente) (starring Samuel Le Bihan, Gérard Lanvin) – Angelo
 * And Now... Ladies and Gentlemen (2002, directed by Claude Lelouch) (starring Jeremy Irons, Patricia Kaas) – Boubou
 * Station 137 (2002, directed by Bruno François-Boucher)
 *  (2002, directed by (starring Laure Sainclair)
 * Ruby & Quentin (2003, directed by Francis Veber) (starring Jean Reno, Gérard Depardieu) – Martineau
 * Les gaous (2003, directed by Igor Sekulic) – Jojo
 * The Car Keys (2003, directed by Laurent Baffie) – Le chanteur du happy-end
 * Les parisiens (2004, directed by Claude Lelouch) (starring Massimo Ranieri, Maïwenn Le Besco) – Dieu
 * A Very Long Engagement (2004, directed by Jean-Pierre Jeunet) (starring Audrey Tautou, Gaspard Ulliel) – Germain Pire
 * Le courage d'aimer (2005, directed by Claude Lelouch) – Dieu

title: Ticky Holgado


text:
User talk:Slander~enwiki

Welcome to Wikipedia!
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia!

Thanks for noting with source, it just needs a , have a look in image copyright tag.

Here are some other tips:
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If you feel a change is needed, feel free to make it yourself! Wikipedia is a wiki, so anyone (yourself included) can edit any article by following the  link. Wikipedia convention is to be bold and not be afraid of making mistakes. If you're not sure how editing works, have a look at How to edit a page, or try out the Sandbox to test your editing skills.

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If you have any questions, feel free to ask me on my talk page. Thanks and happy editing, Alf 12:34, 1 September 2005 (UTC).

Non-free use disputed for Image:Wellstemp.png
Thanks for uploading Image:Wellstemp.png. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read the instructions at Non-free content carefully, then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies for fair use. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted after seven days according to our Criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 00:39, 26 July 2007 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (Image:Wells.jpg)
Thanks for uploading Image:Wells.jpg. The media description page currently specifies that it is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, it is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the media was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that media for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

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Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Slander. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Slander~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 02:46, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 18:58, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Slander~enwiki


text:
Jumex

Grupo Jumex, S.A. de C.V. (pronounced "HOO-MEX"), which is short for Jugos de México (Juices of Mexico), is a brand of juice and nectar from Mexico. The Jumex brand is also popular among Hispanic consumers in the United States. Currently, the Jumex Group (which manufactures Jumex) offers lines of fresh and preserved fruit juices, nectar, children's drinks, milk, smoothies, energy drinks, and sports drinks in Mexico.

Its headquarters are in Ecatepec de Morelos, State of Mexico, in the Mexico City area.

History
The origins of Jumex lie with Empacadora de Frutas y Jugos, S.A. (Fruit and Juice Packing Industry, Inc.) and its Frugo brand, which was founded on April 27, 1961. Grupo Jumex began with the vision of Don Eugenio López Rodea, who managed to bottle the first apple nectar in a can of 350-milliliter on June 6, 1961. With the support of his family and community, Jumex was born with only 20 workers and now it has over 4000 workers. The first flavors were apricot, apple, guava, mango, pear, plum and tamarind; today several additional flavors and blends are offered under its brands. The actual Jumex brand and its "little blue can" was introduced in 1964. The current company associated with Jumex and other popular beverage brands is the Jumex Group, which consists of Frugosa, Botemex, Jugomex, Alijumex, Vilore Services Corp., Vilore Services, and Vilore Foods, Inc. (U.S.) Jumex is associated with the Mexican foods company La Costeña.

In 2013, Jumex acquired Kern's.

title: Jumex


text:
Christian Reformed Church in Myanmar

The Christian Reformed Church in Myanmar is a Reformed church of Myanmar, and was founded in 1985 by Pastor Chan Thleng who was formerly ordained in the Presbyterian Church in Myanmar. He belongs to the Matu tribe in Southern Chin State born in 1954, becoming Christian in 1974. In 1985 he founded the United Christian Church after he graduated from Calvin Theological Seminary in Grand Rapids, MI. He returned to Burma and changed the denomination's name to the Christian Reformed Church. It has 52 congregations and 13 preaching points with more than 6,000 members. The church is divided into 10 classes. Most of the evangelists work among Buddhist and Animist people. The Church recognizes the Belgic Confession, Heidelberg Catechism, Canons of Dort and the Ecumenical Creeds. To train pastors the church founded the Reformed Theological seminary in Yangon in 1997. The college offers a degree of Bachelor of Theology. The Christian Reformed Church maintains a clinic opened in 1999 in Matupi. It belonged to the Reformed Ecumenical Council, the only Burmese denomination to do so. But REC merged with the World Alliance of Reformed Churches, now the Christian Reformed Church is affiliated with the World Communion of Reformed Churches. The denomination held its 26th General assembly on March 17–20, 2011. It entered into official ecclesiastical fellowship with the Christian Reformed Church in North America in 2011.

The church is a member of the Reformed and Presbyterian Church Fellowship in Myanmar along with the Evangelical Presbyterian Church in Myanmar, the United Reformed Church in Myanmar, the Reformed Presbyterian Church in Myanmar, the Reformed Community Churches in Myanmar, Reformed Evangelical Church in Myanmar, the Biblical Presbyterian Church in Myanmar and the Reformed Baptist Church in Myanmar.

title: Christian Reformed Church in Myanmar


text:
2005 Basilicata regional election

The 2005 Basilicata regional election took place on 17–18 April 2005. The election was for all 30 seats of the Regional Council of Basilicata and the president of Basilicata, who automatically became a member of the council alongside two other seats, plus that of the second-placed candidate. It was the third-last election of the 2005 Italian regional elections. Due to some legal issues with the presentation of the list of Social Alternative, Basilicata did not vote along with the other Italian regions in on 3–4 April 2005 regional elections but a couple of weeks later instead. The victory of The Union coalition, which obtained more than two thirds of the vote, was the largest in Italy and Vito De Filippo of Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy, the youngest president of Basilicata and the most voted president of a region in percentage terms, was elected president by a landslide. As part of what became a over 20-year rule of the centre-left coalition, the results in Basilicata reflected their comparison as the political equivalent of the left-wing Emilia-Romagna region in Southern Italy.

title: 2005 Basilicata regional election


text:
A478 road

The A478 road is a major road in Wales. The route is from its junction with the A487 at Cardigan, Ceredigion, to Tenby, Pembrokeshire. It crosses the Preseli Hills and winds through farmland for almost all of its route. The road just touches the very west of Carmarthenshire.

History
A road between Cardigan and Narberth was recorded between 1536 and 1642. The 1555 Highways Act made parishes responsible for the roads that crossed them. Most were unsuitable for wheeled traffic. Turnpike trusts were set up in the late 18th and early 19th centuries to manage road maintenance; at least part of this road came under the Whitland Trust. However, by the mid-19th century, some trusts were badly managed or abused, exacerbating rural poverty and in part leading to the Rebecca riots in the 1840s, some of the earliest of which were on this road, particularly at Efailwen in the Cilymaenllwyd Community. The trusts were reformed in 1844.

The northern two-thirds of the A478 was a drovers' road, used for transporting goods and livestock to and from West Wales and Ireland. In the 18th and 19th centuries, Cardigan was a port, the commercial centre of the region and the most important port in South Wales, exporting fish, agricultural products and raw materials, and involved in emigration. In 1815, it possessed 314 ships totalling 12554 LT, seven times more than Cardiff and three times more than Swansea. It had a thriving shipbuilding industry, with over 200 vessels being built both in Cardigan and downstream in the village of Llandudoch (St Dogmaels). When Cardigan was connected to the Carmarthen and Cardigan Railway in 1886, the decline of the port was hastened. The river silted up and larger vessels could no longer reach the port, which had largely become inactive by the early part of the 20th century.

Cardigan to Crymych
Starting from the roundabout with the A487 south of Cardigan, the A478 soon crosses the county boundary into Pembrokeshire at Glanpwllafon, where it crosses Afon Piliau, a tributary of the River Teifi. The road passes through Pen-y-bryn in Bridell parish, crossing the River Plysgog, and climbs Rhoshill, crosses the B4332 Eglwyswrw-Cenarth road, then climbs the northern slopes of the eastern end of the Preseli Hills through Blaenffos village, bridging the River Nevern (near its source) at Riverlea, to Crymych village.

Crymych to Narberth
Still at an altitude of over 200 m, the A478 passes through Pentre Galar hamlet, crosses the county boundary to Carmarthenshire and passes a viewpoint near the summit of Carn Wen, where it reaches its highest altitude of 260 m. The scars of extensive quarrying at Carn Wen (also known as Garnwen) are clearly visible from the road; quarrying for aggregate resumed there in 2013. Passing through Glandy Cross and Efailwen (the location of the first of the Rebecca Riots) the A478 crosses the county boundary back into Pembrokeshire, passing through Llandissilio to the railway station at Clunderwen. The A478 then crosses the A40 trunk road between Llanddewi Velfrey and Penblewin, to the west of St Clears, at the Penblewin roundabout and passes through Narberth town centre where it meets the B4314.

Narberth to Tenby
After Narberth, the road passes through Camp Hill and Templeton, then crosses the A4115 near Templeton Airfield. After passing the Folly Farm Adventure Park and Zoo and continuing through Begelly (Begeli) it crosses the A477 road on a roundabout. The B4316, a left turn, is to Saundersfoot railway station and an alternative way to Saundersfoot. Continuing on the A478 and passing through Pentlepoir, Wooden and Moreton at the roundabout at Twycross it reconnects with the other end of the B4316; the preferred route to Saundersfoot. The A478 continues south through New Hedges following the coast. After its junction with the A4139 and Tenby High Street, the A478 runs to the side of North Beach and terminates at the harbour by the town wall.

Traffic
The majority of traffic on the A478 is local, agricultural and, in season, tourist traffic. In 2012, Pembrokeshire County Council said the A478 at New Hedges, near Tenby, carried an average of 9,900 vehicles a day. There were 10 deaths as a result of road accidents on the A478 between 1999 and 2010, compared with the county's total of 80 road deaths for that period.

title: A478 road


text:
Eizo

Eizo Corporation (EIZO株式会社) is a Japanese visual technology company, founded in March 1968, which manufactures display products and other solutions for markets such as business, healthcare, graphics, air traffic control, and maritime. The company is headquartered in Hakusan, Ishikawa Prefecture.

Name
The name EIZO, pronounced AY-ZO, comes from the Japanese kanji meaning "image" (映像 ).

History
Nanao Electric Co., Ltd. was founded in Nanao, Ishikawa in 1967. The following year, Hakui Electronic Corporation was founded in Hakui, Ishikawa; it initially manufactured televisions. In March 1973, it became Nanao Corporation.

In 1976, the company began to manufacture industrial monitors, and in 1978 it entered the gaming market by manufacturing CRTs arcade game cabinets of Space Invaders and selling tabletop video arcade machines.

In 1980, the company acquired video game developer and publisher Irem Corporation. In 1981, production of computer monitors, video cassette recorders and radio cassette TVs, with a new factory opening in Hakusan.

In 1984 the company began expanding overseas, distributing in Europe under the brand EIZO, with Hitec Associates Ltd established as a sales subsidiary specifically for the European market, and Nanao USA in California, United States, to launch products in that region under the same "Nanao" brand as in Japan. "EIZO" was launched as a brand of Hitec Associates in Europe in 1985, with the European arm was renamed as the Eizo Corporation in January 1990.

In 1990, the company's headquarters moved to Mattō, Ishikawa, with production and sales of computer monitors under the brand NANAO beginning the following year. In 1996, the brand was unified under the name EIZO.

In 1997, Irem Software Engineering Inc. was established, as a subsidiary company replacing Irem Corporation. The following couple of years saw the introduction of the FlexScan L23 13.8 LCD monitor and the FlexScan L66, the world first 1280 x 1024 resolution monitor. In 1999, Nanao Corporation and Eizo Corporation merged to become Eizo Nanao Corporation.

Production of monitors for medical imaging began in 2002, under the brand name RadiForce. In 2004 the company began production of the ColorEdge CG220, the world's first monitor capable of reproducing the Adobe RGB colorspace. In 2005 Eizo Nanao received ISO 13485 certification as the first manufacturer of stand-alone monitors.

In 2013, Eizo Nanao Corporation changed its name to Eizo Corporation. Further acquisitions included Panasonic Healthcare Co. Ltd's endoscopy monitor business (2016) and Carina System Co.Ltd. (2018), a company that develops camera hardware and software for the healthcare and broadcasting markets.

In April 2023, EIZO Corporation announced the launch of its new subsidiary, EIZO Private Limited, in India.

Products

 * FlexScan - Business LCD Monitors
 * ColorEdge - Color Management Monitors
 * DuraVision - Touch panel, IP Decoders and Industrial monitors
 * RadiForce - Medical display systems
 * CuratOR - OR Area camera and display systems
 * FORIS - Home entertainment monitors
 * Raptor - Air traffic control monitors

title: Eizo