text:
Prince Bernhard of Orange-Nassau, van Vollenhoven

Prince Bernhard Lucas Emmanuel of Orange-Nassau, van Vollenhoven (born 25 December 1969) is a Dutch entrepreneur and a member of the Dutch royal family.

He is the second son of Princess Margriet of the Netherlands and Pieter van Vollenhoven. Before the succession of his cousin Willem-Alexander as King, he was a member of the Dutch Royal House and eleventh in the line of succession to the Dutch throne. With Willem-Alexander's succession however, he is no longer a member of the Dutch Royal House, and is no longer in line to direct succession to the Dutch throne, but still retains his membership of the Dutch royal family

Early life and education

Prince Bernhard was born on 25 December 1969 in Nijmegen in the Netherlands. He is the second son of Princess Margriet and Pieter van Vollenhoven. He has three brothers: Princes Maurits, Pieter-Christiaan, and Floris.

His family lived in Apeldoorn throughout his childhood, moving to Het Loo House in 1975. He received both his primary and secondary education in Apeldoorn.

He studied economics in 1988 at Georgetown University in Washington, D.C. Subsequently, in 1989 he attended Groningen University in the Netherlands where he studied marketing and market research. In 1995 he received the degree of doctorandus (equivalent to Master of Science) at this university.

Business
Prince Bernhard is a self-employed entrepreneur.

Ritzen Koeriers
In 1991, he founded the company Ritzen Koeriers with three fellow students. It was a courier business that used students to deliver packages by public transport using the free public transport card for students that education minister Jo Ritzen had introduced earlier that year. In 1999, the company was suspected of fraud, because they were not paying payroll taxes over lease cars provided to some employees. In 2000, the company settled with the Public Prosecution Service for 12,000 euros. In 2002, the name Ritzen Koeriers was changed to Logistieke Meesters, at which time Prince Bernhard was no longer involved in the business.

Chapman Andretti Partners
In 2015, he founded the company Chapman Andretti Partners with Menno de Jong, named after Colin Chapman and Mario Andretti who are not personally related to the business. In 2016, the company bought the Circuit Zandvoort in Zandvoort. Circuit Zandvoort was scheduled to host the Dutch Grand Prix in 2020, but it was postponed to 2021 due to COVID-19. Several environmental groups litigated against the racing event to be held in the natural dunes, but were unable to stop it. In 2021, the company was criticized for having asked musicians including the band Chef'Special to perform at the Grand Prix without direct financial compensation.

Marriage and family

While studying in Groningen, Prince Bernhard met Annette Sekrève, (born 18 April 1972). The couple announced their engagement on 11 March 2000. They married in July 2000. The civil ceremony was performed on 6 July 2000 by the Mayor of Utrecht, Annie Brouwer-Korf, in the Spiegelzaal of the Paushuize in Utrecht. The marriage was blessed two days later, on 8 July 2000, by Dr. Anne van der Meiden in the Cathedral of Saint Martin, Utrecht.

Prince Bernhard and Princess Annette have three children: Isabella Lily Juliana (born 2002), Samuel Bernhard Louis (born 2004), and Benjamin Pieter Floris (born 2008). According to a royal decree of 5 July 2000 the children were granted the family name van Vollenhoven, without titles. Prince Bernhard and his family live in Amsterdam.

Upon the announcement of the planned abdication of Queen Beatrix, which took place on 30 April 2013, it was also restated that after the abdication, the children of Princess Margriet and Pieter van Vollenhoven would no longer be eligible for the throne. They would also cease to be members of the Royal House. He is still a member of the extended royal family, but he rarely takes part in official duties.

Health
Prince Bernhard has been receiving treatment for Crohn's disease since 2002.

In 2013, he was diagnosed with Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, for which he has been on the intensive care for a month. After his recovery, he created the foundation Lymph & Co, which has spent over 2 million euros on lymphoma research.


text:
Irvin S. Cobb

Irvin Shrewsbury Cobb (June 23, 1876 – March 11, 1944) was an American author, humorist, editor and columnist from Paducah, Kentucky, who relocated to New York in 1904, living there for the remainder of his life. He wrote for the New York World, Joseph Pulitzer's newspaper, as the highest paid staff reporter in the United States.

Cobb also wrote more than 60 books and 300 short stories. Some of his works were adapted for silent movies. Several of his Judge Priest short stories were adapted in the 1930s for two feature films directed by John Ford.

Biography
Cobb was the second of four children born to Kentucky natives in Paducah, Kentucky. His maternal grandfather, Reuben Saunders, M.D., is credited with discovering in 1873 that injections of morphine-atropine were useful in treating cholera. Cobb was raised in Paducah, and the events and people of his childhood became the basis for much of his later works. Later in life, Cobb was nicknamed "Duke of Paducah."

Cobb was educated in public and private elementary schools, and then entered William A. Cade's Academy intending to pursue a law career. When Cobb was 16, his father became an alcoholic, after the death of his grandfather. Forced to quit school and find work, Cobb began his writing career.

Writing career
Cobb started in journalism with the Paducah Daily News at age seventeen, and became the nation's youngest managing news editor at age nineteen. He later worked at the Louisville Evening Post for a year and a half.

His anecdotal memoir-cum-autobiography, Exit Laughing, published in 1941, includes a firsthand account of the assassination of Kentucky Governor William Goebel in 1900 and the trials of the killers. He wrote numerous series in periodicals, and also collaborated on dramatic productions.

After moving to New York in 1904, Cobb was hired by the Evening Sun. The publication sent him to Portsmouth, New Hampshire to cover the Russian-Japanese peace conference. His dispatches from the negotiations, emphasizing the personalities involved (including President Theodore Roosevelt), were published across the country with the title "Making Peace at Portsmouth." They earned him a job offer from Joseph Pulitzer's New York World and he became the highest-paid staff reporter in the United States. During the murder trial of Harry Kendall Thaw in 1907, Cobb coined the term "sob sister" to describe the women reporters who were covering the trial.

Cobb joined the staff of the magazine The Saturday Evening Post in 1911, and covered the Great War for the magazine. At the same time, he wrote a book about his experiences, published in 1915, titled Paths Of Glory. After a second visit to France to cover the Great War, Cobb publicized the achievements of the unit known as the Harlem Hellfighters, most notably, Croix de Guerre recipients Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts. His article "Young Black Joe," published on August 24, 1918, in The Saturday Evening Post and later republished in Cobb's book, The Glory of the Coming, highlighted the discipline and courage displayed by black American soldiers fighting in Europe during World War I. The three-page article and half-page photograph reached a national audience of more than two million readers, and was widely reprinted in the black press. In the midst of covering the 1920 Democratic Convention, Cobb received 1.5 votes on the 23rd Presidential ballot.

Hollywood
Several of Cobb's stories were adapted as silent movies. He also wrote the screen titles for other movies, including the Jackie Coogan movie, Peck's Bad Boy (1921). With the advent of sound, more of his stories were adapted for the screen, including The Woman Accused (1933), featuring young Cary Grant.

John Ford twice made movies based on Cobb's Judge Priest stories: Judge Priest (1934) featured Will Rogers in the title role. The Sun Shines Bright (1953) was based on his short stories "The Sun Shines Bright", "The Mob from Massac", and "The Lord Provides".

Cobb also had an acting career, acting in ten movies between 1932 and 1938. He won major roles in such movies as Pepper, Everybody's Old Man (1936), and Hawaii Calls (1938). He was also host of the 7th Academy Awards in 1935.

In 1919, Cobb was recruited by former U.S. Navy officer and lawyer Capt. W.H. Slayton to become chairman of the Authors and Artists Committee of the Association Against the Prohibition Amendment (AAPA). The Association based their opposition on the misuse of national government power over U.S. citizens. As chairman, Cobb helped extend coverage of their message through the media and artist networks. "If Prohibition is a noble experiment," he said in one, "then the San Francisco fire and the Galveston flood should be listed among the noble experiments of our national history." As part of his AAPA efforts he published the anti-Prohibition novel Red Likker. After the repeal of Prohibition, Frankfort Distilleries recruited him to compile a recipe book to remind consumers who were out of practice how to mix a good drink.

The cartoon The Woods Are Full of Cuckoos caricatures Cobb as "Irvin S. Frog".

Personal life
Cobb has been described as having a round shape, bushy eyebrows, full lips, and a triple chin, with a cigar always hanging from his mouth.

He married the former Laura Spencer Baker of Savannah, Georgia. Their daughter, Elisabeth Cobb (born 1902, died 1959), was also an author. She published the novel She Was a Lady and the nonfiction My Wayward Parent (1945), a book about her father. Her first husband was Frank Michler Chapman, Jr., son of the ornithologist Frank Michler Chapman.

Cobb's granddaughter was Buff Cobb, a television actress of the early 1950s. She married journalist Mike Wallace as his second wife.

Cobb was honored in 1915 with the march "The War Correspondent" by G. E. Holmes, published by the John Church Company.

Cobb was inducted into the Kentucky Writers' Hall of Fame on February 2, 2017.

When Cobb died in New York City in 1944, his body was sent to Paducah for cremation. His ashes were placed under a dogwood tree. The granite boulder marking his remains is inscribed "Irvin Shrewsbury Cobb 1876-1944 Back Home".

Cobb wrote a letter detailing his desired funeral arrangements. The document reads in part: Above all I want no long faces and no show of grief at the burying ground. Kindly observe the final wishes of the undersigned and avoid reading the so-called Christian burial service which, in view of the language employed in it, I regard as one of the most cruel and paganish things inherited by our forebears from our remote pagan ancestors. In deference to the faith of our dear mother who was through her lifetime a loyal though never bigoted communicant of that congregation, perhaps the current pastor of the First Presbyterian Church would consent to read the Twenty-third Psalm, which was her favorite passage in the Scriptures and is mine since it contains no charnel words, no morbid mouthings about corruption and decay and, being mercifully without creed or dogma, carries no threat of eternal hell-fire for those parties we do not like, no direct promise of a heaven which, if one may judge by the people who are surest of going there, must be a powerfully dull place, populated to a considerable and uncomfortable degree by prigs, time-servers and unpleasantly aggressive individuals. Hell may have a worse climate but undoubtedly the company is sprightlier. The Catholics, with their genius for stage-management, handle this detail better. The officiating clergyman speaks in Latin and the parishioners, being unacquainted with that language are impressed by the majesty of the rolling, sonorous periods without being shocked by distressing allusions and harrowing references.

Legacy and honors
The World War II Liberty Ship SS Irvin S. Cobb was named in his honor.

Following the Second World War, the Illinois Central Railroad named a passenger train operating between Louisville and Memphis, via Cobb's hometown, Paducah, the Irvin S. Cobb. The train carried timetable numbers 103 southbound and 104 northbound and made a direct connection at Fulton with trains to and from New Orleans.

Fiction
Cobb wrote humorous stories set in Kentucky, and he is considered part of the American literary regionalism school. These stories were first collected in the book Old Judge Priest (1915), whose title character was based on a prominent West Kentucky judge named William Pitman Bishop. Joel Chandler Harris wrote of these tales, "Cobb created a South peopled with honorable citizens, charming eccentrics, and loyal, subservient blacks, but at their best the Judge Priest stories are dramatic and compelling, using a wealth of precisely rendered detail to evoke a powerful mood." Among Cobb's other books are the humorous Speaking of Operations (1916), and an anti-prohibition ode to bourbon, Red Likker (1929).

Cobb also wrote short stories in the horror genre, such as "Fishhead" (1911) and "The Unbroken Chain" (1923). "Fishhead" has been cited as an inspiration for H. P. Lovecraft's The Shadow Over Innsmouth, while "The Unbroken Chain" was a model for Lovecraft's "The Rats in the Walls". The former was described by Lovecraft as "banefully effective in its portrayal of unnatural affinities between a hybrid idiot and the strange fish of an isolated lake" in his essay Supernatural Horror in Literature.

Filmography

 * Fields of Honor (1918)
 * The Woman Accused (1933), featuring a young Cary Grant
 * Judge Priest (1934) starring Will Rogers
 * The Sun Shines Bright (1953)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Irvin S. Cobb


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Duct tape mafia

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete --Allen3 talk 13:41, September 6, 2005 (UTC)

Duct tape mafia
Delete - Do you really need a reason? :p This article is obviously a fluff piece, and certainly not encyclopedic. Staxringold 16:53, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * They play music. So does a radio.  Delete as the semi-literate band vanity it is. - Lucky 6.9 17:00, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, obvious nn/vanity. Last sentence is a cracker, though ;) --LemonAndLime 17:01, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Surely there must be a way to speedy delete this. There's no way there will be any serious discussion of keeping it.  Friday (talk) 17:29, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Hietalahti

Hietalahti (Sandviken in Swedish) may refer to:

 * Hietalahti, Helsinki is a seaside district in Helsinki, Finland
 * Hietalahti, Vaasa is a seaside district in Vaasa, Finland
 * Hietalahti shipyard

People with the surname

 * Kari Hietalahti (born 1964), Finnish actor and writer
 * Vesa Hietalahti (born 1969), Finnish biathlete

title: Hietalahti


text:
User talk:Sznerchu~enwiki

Michal Sznerch was born in Tychy(POLAND), 21 July 1988

Firstly he was living in Cielmice(part of Tychy), In 1994 he moved into center of Tychy where he is living now.

Education His first school was Primary School #12 - Tychy in 1995, after 6 years then he began to learning in Secondary School in 2001 he finished this school on 2004 and that year he started his education in High School #1 Leona Kruczkowskiego - Tychy

--Sznerchu 16:54, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Sznerchu. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Sznerchu~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 02:57, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 19:25, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sznerchu~enwiki


text:
Aryzta

ARYZTA AG is a food business based in Zürich, Switzerland. It operates in Europe, Asia, Australia and New Zealand. It is incorporated in Switzerland and is listed on the SIX Swiss Exchange (the Zürich Stock Exchange). It discontinued its listing on Euronext Dublin on 1 March 2021. The group is a major supplier in the specialty frozen bakery sector, and is a global supplier of baked goods to the food service, retail and quick service restaurant sectors.

History
The company was founded as the Irish Co-Operative Agricultural Agency Society in January 1897 and renamed the Irish Agricultural Wholesale Society ('IAWS') in December 1897. It was first listed on the Irish Stock Exchange in 1988 and for most of the 1990s the company was managed by Philip Lynch, first as chief executive officer and later chairman. It bought Shamrock Foods in 1989, R&H Hall in 1990 and Cuisine de France in 1997.

The company went on to buy Delice de France in 1999 and La Brea Bakery in 2001.

In 2003, Owen Killian who joined IAWS in 1976 took over as CEO of IAWS Plc, replacing Philip Lynch.

In June 2007, Aryzta spun off its agribusiness activities as Origin Enterprises plc.

The company merged with Hiestand Holding AG in August 2008 and, having changed its name to ARYZTA, commenced trading on the SIX Swiss Exchange and the Irish Stock Exchange on 22 August 2008. The new name derived from Latin arista, which referred to the apex or awn of a wheat grain.

Aryzta bought Honeytop Speciality Foods in September 2011, Klemme AG, a German manufacturer of frozen bakery products, for €280 million, in 2013, and Pineridge Bakery in Canada and Cloverhill Bakery in the US for €730 million in 2014. It also acquired the Hungary-based Fornetti group, which has operations in central and eastern European markets, in 2015.

In October 2016, it was confirmed that Gary McGann would join Aryzta as chairman. In February 2017, Owen Killian, announced his resignation as CEO of the company.

In February 2018, Aryzta announced that it had sold the Big Texas and Cloverhill brands to Hostess Brands, and, in March 2018, the company sold its shareholding in Signature Flat Breads back to the Eid family.

In May 2018, Aryzta approved a three-year restructuring plan aimed at delivering €200 million in cost savings over three years.

In November 2019, the company sold its British specialist bakery business, Delice de France, to its management for an undisclosed sum, and, in October 2019, Aryzta reduced its stake in the French frozen food company Picard Surgelés, selling 43% of its stake to Groupe Zouari for €156 million.

In November 2019, The Phoenix reported that "since the appointment of Gary McGann as chairman of Aryzta in December 2016, the share price has fallen from €40 to its current €1.20, a drop of 97%. This is one of the single worst episodes of equity destruction of any Irish company". In January 2020, hedge fund Veraison attempted to unseat Aryzta's board of directors. In August 2020, Aryzta announced that the departure of group CFO, Fredric Pflanz, would follow the resignation of two other board members, Dan Flinter and Rolf Watter. At a special Extraordinary General Meeting, in September 2020, activist investors took control of Aryzta, ousting the board. In 2021, London-based Lodbrok Capital LLP's European Credit Opportunities Fund helped Aryzta stop a take-over bid from Elliott Management Corp.

In 2021, the company sold off its Brazilian businesses (Aryzta do Brasil) to Grupo Bimbo, and sold off its North American holdings to private equity firm Lindsay Goldberg for $850 million.

In 2022, Aryzta more than doubled its bakery capacity in Malaysia through the acquisition of the bakery, equipment and associated land of De-Luxe Food Services from Envictus International Holdings. and, in March 2023, Aryzta announced that it had doubled its production capacity for sourdough and speciality breads in the UK and Ireland with an investment in the Grange Castle bakery in Dublin.

Operations
ARYZTA is known for its Delice de France range of French-style bread-based products and its higher end of Artisan Breads available from La Brea Bakery. Other brands include Shamrock Foods, Cuisine de France and Hubert. Aryzta is particularly known for providing McDonald's burger buns. Aryzta operates 53 bakeries & kitchens across Europe, North America, South America, Asia, Australia and New Zealand. Aryzta refers to itself as one of the largest frozen bakery companies in the world.

title: Aryzta


text:
2005 Fed Cup

The 2005 Fed Cup was the 43rd edition of the most important competition between national teams in women's tennis.

The final took place at Court Philippe Chatrier in Paris, France, on 17–18 September. The home team, France, lost to Russia, 2–3, giving Russia their second title, consecutively and overall, and their second win against France in a final.

World Group play-offs
The four losing teams in the World Group first round ties (Argentina, Austria, Belgium and Italy), and four winners of the World Group II ties (Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany and Switzerland) entered the draw for the World Group play-offs.

Date: 9–10 July

World Group II
The World Group II was the second highest level of Fed Cup competition in 2005. Winners advanced to the World Group play-offs, and losers played in the World Group II play-offs.

Date: 23–24 April

World Group II play-offs
The four losing teams from World Group II (Indonesia, Japan, Slovakia and Thailand) played off against qualifiers from Zonal Group I. Two teams qualified from Europe/Africa Zone (Bulgaria and Slovenia), one team from the Asia/Oceania Zone (China), and one team from the Americas Zone (Puerto Rico).

Date: 9–10 July

Americas Zone

 * Nations in bold advanced to the higher level of competition.
 * Nations in italics were relegated down to a lower level of competition.

Group I
Venue: Carrasco Lawn Tennis Club, Montevideo, Uruguay (outdoor clay)

Dates: 20–23 April

 * Participating Teams

Group II
Venue: Liga de Tenis de Campo de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia (outdoor clay)

Dates: 21–23 April

 * Participating Teams

Asia/Oceania Zone

 * Nations in bold advanced to the higher level of competition.
 * Nations in italics were relegated down to a lower level of competition.

Group I
Venue: R.K. Khanna Tennis Complex, New Delhi, India (outdoor hard)

Dates: 20–23 April

 * Participating Teams

Group II
Venue: R.K. Khanna Tennis Complex, New Delhi, India (outdoor hard)

Dates: 19–21 April

 * Participating Teams

Europe/Africa Zone

 * Nations in bold advanced to the higher level of competition.
 * Nations in italics were relegated down to a lower level of competition.

Group I
Venue: Club Ali Bey, Manavgat, Antalya, Turkey (outdoor clay)

Dates: 20–23 April

 * Participating Teams

Group II
Venue: Club Ali Bey, Manavgat, Antalya, Turkey (outdoor hard)

Dates: 27–30 April

 * Participating Teams

Group III
Venue: Club Ali Bey, Manavgat, Antalya, Turkey (outdoor clay)

Dates: 28–30 April

 * Participating Teams

Rankings
The rankings were measured after the three points during the year that play took place, and were collated by combining points earned from the previous four years.

title: 2005 Fed Cup


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Scott battram

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete --Allen3 talk 13:42, September 6, 2005 (UTC)

Scott battram
Delete Blatant advertising Staxringold 16:56, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per nominator. --TimPope 17:46, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as vanity ad. Sliggy 18:06, August 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, vanity. - choster 05:18, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, vanity with advertising. Mindmatrix 13:45, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


title: File:RBGPooma1.jpg


text:
User talk:Aida navarro

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Image Tagging Image:Huevos1.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Huevos1.jpg. I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag, so its copyright status is therefore unclear. Please add a tag to let us know its copyright status. (If you created/took the picture then you can use to release it under the GFDL. If you can claim fair use use  .)  If you don't know what any of this means, just let me know on the image description page where you got the images and I'll tag them for you. Otherwise, see Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use. Thanks so much. --feydey 16:59, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Aida navarro


text:
South Hackney

South Hackney is an area in London, England and is located in the London Borough of Hackney. It is in East London and part of the East End. It is about 4.2 mi northeast of Charing Cross.

The Mossbourne Victoria Park Academy on the corner of Victoria Park Road and Lammas Walk utilises the buildings of the former French Hospital (La Providence), a home for elderly Huguenots. The French Hospital was built in the 1860s in the style of a French-Flemish chateau, designed by Robert Lewis Roumieu.

The area just south of Well Street features social housing such as the Kingshold and Shore Estates. The former New Kingshold Estate (built 1966, demolished 1996) was subject of a 1990 Channel 4 documentary Summer On The Estate highlighting some of the problems on the estate with crime and disrepair, and residents' fight to improve it. A follow-up series aired in 1995 as the two tower blocks on the estate, Thornhill Point and Halston Point were demolished in July 1995.

History
In Tudor times, South Hackney consisted of two small settlements. One around the modern Grove and Lauriston Roads; the other where Grove Street and Well Street meet. There were two moated houses, the one on the north side of Well Street belonging to the Knights of the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem, the Knights Hospitaller, in 1416. The house survived into the 18th century, but by then it was in decline and the tenants included chimney sweeps. This was commemorated by the name of the Two Black Boys public house. which stood on the site now occupied by Bernie Grant House in Well Street.

In Church Crescent, near the church are six almshouses, created by a bequest from William Monger in 1669, and funded by land on Hackney Marshes. This land subsequently came into the control of Sir John Cass. The almshouses were rebuilt in 1849, with funds from Sir John Cass's Foundation. A second almshouse was founded in 1857 in memory of South Hackney's first rector, Henry Handley Norris (1771–1850). Norris was a leading member of the Hackney Phalanx, a group of early nineteenth-century Anglican High Churchmen. His portrait hangs in the parish church.

South Hackney originally had a chapel of ease in Well Street, but became an independent parish in 1825, with the parish church of St John of Jerusalem erected in 1848 near Well Street Common.

Demographics
Demographic data is produced by the Office for National Statistics for the Victoria ward. In the 2011 census, the population for the Victoria ward was 13,231, with 6344 males and 6887 females. The most common ethnic group was White British in the Victoria ward, measured as 55.8%, followed by Black or Black British (24.1%) and Asian or British Asian (9.5%). The remaining percentage was made up of mixed-race and other unspecified ethnic groups.

Transport
Whilst there are no London Overground stations within the district, it is surrounded by stations in neighbouring districts - London Fields station lies to the West, Homerton station to the North, and Hackney Wick station to the East of Victoria Park. The nearest London Underground station is Bethnal Green to the South.

South Hackney has good bus connections, having six daytime routes and two nighttime routes. Daytime routes in South Hackney includes routes 26, 30, 277, 388, 425, 488 and nighttime routes include routes N26 and N277.

title: South Hackney


text:
Rigorous Approach to Industrial Software Engineering

Rigorous Approach to Industrial Software Engineering (RAISE) was developed as part of the European ESPRIT II LaCoS project in the 1990s, led by Dines Bjørner. It consists of a set of tools designed for a specification language (RSL) for software development. It is especially espoused by UNU-IIST in Macau, who run training courses on site and around the world, especially in developing countries.


text:
Jeffrey Hamm

Edward Jeffrey Hamm (15 September 1915 – 4 May 1992) was a leading British fascist and supporter of Oswald Mosley. Although a minor figure in Mosley's prewar British Union of Fascists, Hamm became a leading figure after the Second World War and eventually succeeded as leader of the Union Movement after Mosley's retirement.

Early life
Hamm was born in Ebbw Vale, Wales, whilst his father was serving in the First World War. The family later relocated to Monmouth. It has been claimed that he first became attracted to the British Union of Fascists (BUF) in 1934 on a trip to London, when he chanced upon a party member delivering a speech and was impressed.

British Union of Fascists
He joined the BUF in 1935 when he relocated to London to take up a teaching role at King's School, Harrow. A young member, Hamm did not rise above the rank and file in the BUF. In 1939 he moved to the Falkland Islands to work as a teacher, where he was arrested in 1940 under Defence Regulation 18B after he had been accused of encouraging fascism to his pupils. He was transferred to Leeuwkop, South Africa, where he was involved in an attempt to tunnel out of the camp. The camp also contained some German Nazi prisoners, and a contemporary MI5 report suggested Hamm had been indoctrinated by Nazi propaganda by his fellow inmates. He was returned to Britain in 1941 and enlisted in the Royal Tank Regiment, but during his service, he was identified as a disruptive influence and was taken off the front before his discharge in 1944. He found work at the Royal Coach Works in Acton after his discharge, and he subsequently was a bookkeeper at a milliner shop.

Around then, Hamm converted to the Roman Catholic Church under the influence of Father Clement Russell, a Nazi sympathiser and anti-Semite based in Wembley who kept a photograph of Mosley on display in his parochial house. Hamm and his wife were married by Russell, with the climax of the ceremony coming with the couple saluting a Nazi flag.

Return to politics
Hamm had been a minor figure in the BUF, but his time in the prison camps had increased his support for Mosley. Indeed, such had been his low standing in the movement that Mosley did not know who Hamm was and for a time struggled to spell Hamm's surname properly. Nonetheless, Hamm quickly became the most vigorous and vocal of Mosley's post-internment supporters.

After his discharge, Hamm joined and then took over the British League of Ex-Servicemen and Women, which claimed to look after veterans' interests and converted it to a movement designed to keep Mosley's ideas current. Seeking to keep British fascism alive, Hamm organized a series of meetings in Hyde Park from November 1944 onwards and later moved them to the traditional BUF areas of East London. Hamm's League rallies eventually began to attract thousands, which convinced him that a proper political return was a distinct possibility. Hamm's rallies also attracted significant opposition, with clashes between his supporters and antifascists. However, the group's first public campaign actually took place in the Metropolitan Borough of Hampstead, where, with Hamm having become associated with Eleonora Tennant, it helped to organise a petition to keep immigrants out of new houses, ostensibly on the pretext that the housing should be kept for returning soldiers. As a result of his involvement, Hamm secured publicity for the League. It also gave him access to leading figures such as Ernest Benn and Waldron Smithers, who had been involved in the initial drawing up of the petition.

Hamm's increasing profile did not go unnoticed by both supporters and opponents, and in 1946, he and his ally Victor Burgess suffered a severe beating from antifascists. (A similar incident in Brighton in 1948 resulted in Hamm spending time in hospital.) Mosley was initially unsure of Hamm, but at a secret meeting in Bethnal Green on 22 December 1946, he endorsed Hamm's leadership and declared him his "East End representative", East London being traditionally the centre of Mosleyite activity. In 1947, however, Mosley censured Hamm for the violent and inflammatory nature of much of his propaganda, which forced him to tone down his rhetoric.

Union Movement
Hamm soon began calling on Mosley to return to the leadership of British fascism. Hamm incorporated his British League into the Union Movement (UM) immediately upon the latter's foundation in 1948. Hamm became a leading member of the new UM but was considered a spiky figure and was so unpopular at UM headquarters that Mosley sent him to Manchester in 1949. Hamm failed to revitalise the northern branch and contemplated leaving the UM altogether until he was recalled by Mosley in 1952. Returning to London, Hamm became a central figure in the new anti-black campaign of the UM, which won it some support in Brixton and other areas into which new West Indies immigrants were settling. He gained widespread press coverage when, in the immediate aftermath of the 1958 Notting Hill race riots, he made a speech outside Latimer Road tube station.

Hamm served as Mosley's personal secretary during the later years of the UM and succeeded to the post upon the death of Alexander Raven Thomson in 1955. Like Mosley, he was an ardent supporter of Irish unity and encouraged his leader to campaign on that issue. Hamm stood as a UM candidate at the 1966 general election in the Birmingham Handsworth constituency and polled 4% of the vote. Mosley effectively withdrew from public life afterward, and the UM came under the leadership of Hamm and Robert Row, the last two paid UM activists.

Mosley was officially UM leader until 1973, when he formally retired, and Hamm, who had become the effective leader, formally succeeded him. Under Hamm the party relaunched as the Action Party and under that name contested the 1973 Greater London Council elections without success. The party transformed itself into the Action Society in 1978 and gave up party politics to become a publishing house.

Hamm published his autobiography, Action Replay, in 1983, and in 1988 his second book, The Evil Good Men Do. After Mosley's death in December 1980, Hamm published and edited a quarterly pro-Mosley magazine, Lodestar, which included contributions by Diana Mosley, Colin Wilson and Brocard Sewell. He died from Parkinson's disease in 1992.

Archives
Papers of Edward Jeffrey Hamm are held at the Cadbury Research Library, University of Birmingham.

title: Jeffrey Hamm


text:
Stump gauge

A stump gauge (or wicket gauge) is an instrument used in cricket to determine the correct position for the three stumps used to form the wicket, as mandated by the Laws of Cricket. It is usually in a form of a metal (although sometimes plastic) bar with three spikes, and is used to locate and create the holes into which the spiked ends of the stumps are placed.

title: Stump gauge


text: User talk:130.207.227.118

title: User talk:130.207.227.118


text:
Talk:Television content rating system

SPG
Will you please stop changing the table highlighting for "SPG" in the Phillipines entry from yellow to purple as you keep doing here. The table has a very specific key: yellow for "parental guidance" and purple for "advisory" age recommendations. According to Television_content_rating_system SPG stands for "Strong Parental guidance". It does not carry an age recommendation so it is not like PG-13. Maybe this is not clear in the key, but the purpose of the purple highlight is to indicate age suitability, not strength of content. For example, if you have purple highlighting from 13 onwards, that means the rating aplies to content that is suitable for people of age 13 and upwards. In this case SPG carries various content markers, but it is still ultimately a parental guidance rating and not an advisory rating with an age recommendation. By repeatedly changing the shading you are making the rating inconsistent with the key. Betty Logan (talk) 20:40, 8 January 2018 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 7 external links on Television content rating system. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110707053921/http://www.cntv.org.co/cntv_bop/basedoc/acuerdo/cntv/1997/acuerdo_cntv_0017_1997.html to http://www.cntv.org.co/cntv_bop/basedoc/acuerdo/cntv/1997/acuerdo_cntv_0017_1997.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110707053926/http://www.cntv.org.co/cntv_bop/basedoc/acuerdo/cntv/2007/acuerdo_cntv_0004_2007.html to http://www.cntv.org.co/cntv_bop/basedoc/acuerdo/cntv/2007/acuerdo_cntv_0004_2007.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110707053926/http://www.cntv.org.co/cntv_bop/basedoc/acuerdo/cntv/2007/acuerdo_cntv_0004_2007.html to http://www.cntv.org.co/cntv_bop/basedoc/acuerdo/cntv/2007/acuerdo_cntv_0004_2007.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110707053921/http://www.cntv.org.co/cntv_bop/basedoc/acuerdo/cntv/1997/acuerdo_cntv_0017_1997.html to http://www.cntv.org.co/cntv_bop/basedoc/acuerdo/cntv/1997/acuerdo_cntv_0017_1997.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20121017214705/http://csa.fr/content/download/20136/335461/version/1/file/Tableau+signal%C3%A9tique.pdf to http://www.csa.fr/content/download/20136/335461/version/1/file/Tableau+signal%C3%A9tique.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20151113021149/http://www.kpi.go.id/download/MoU/2012-10-22%20MoU%20KPI%20dan%20LSF.pdf to http://www.kpi.go.id/download/MoU/2012-10-22%20MoU%20KPI%20dan%20LSF.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140108081209/http://mib.nic.in/writereaddata/documents/Report_of_Expert_committee.pdf to http://mib.nic.in/writereaddata/documents/Report_of_Expert_committee.pdf

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 21:48, 12 January 2018 (UTC)

Mexico A is not for all ages?
Unlike films, Mexico TV rating A is red-highlighted while Mexico film rating A is white. Is Mexico TV rating A inappropriate for under 7 unlike films? Film rating A is for all ages.211.203.35.206 (talk) 08:05, 25 January 2018 (UTC)
 * The "A" rating for films is definitely "all ages" and is correct. The summary for the TV rating advises parental supervision for children under 7. I can't say offhand if this correct. Ideally we need a source to corroborate the ratings. Betty Logan (talk) 08:43, 25 January 2018 (UTC)

TV Parental Guidelines vs MPAA
TV Parental Guidelines is based on MPAA. Both TV-14(TV) and PG-13(film) is PARENTS ARE STRONGLY CAUTIONED, but why is TV-14 restrictive while PG-13 is simple age recommendation? I heard that TV-14 is based on PG-13.211.203.35.206 (talk) 09:17, 25 January 2018 (UTC)
 * TV-14 isn't restricted, it is advisory. That is why it is purple. Betty Logan (talk) 09:35, 25 January 2018 (UTC)

Both TV-MA(TV) and R(film) is RESTRICTED, but why doesn't TV-MA carry parental supervision recommendation while R carries parental supervision recommendation? I heard that TV-MA is based on R.211.203.35.206 (talk) 09:41, 25 January 2018 (UTC)
 * What you have heard carries no relevance here. The ratings are explained at Television_content_rating_system and they are sourced. Betty Logan (talk) 10:43, 25 January 2018 (UTC)

In MPAA, every child under 17 can watch R-rated films if under supervision. Can any children under 17 watch TV-MA programs if under supervision?211.203.35.206 (talk) 23:26, 25 January 2018 (UTC)
 * Will you please stop aligning the US TV ratings with the MPAA ratings. They are created by different organizations and are implemented differently. The answer to your question is in the summaries and sources. Betty Logan (talk) 00:40, 26 January 2018 (UTC)

FCC guidelines
Does FCC guidelines clearly state that TV-14(14+) and TV-MA(17+) is simple age recommendation?211.203.35.206 (talk) 06:06, 27 January 2018 (UTC)
 * Read them for yourself! That is why we have citations in the article. Betty Logan (talk) 06:09, 27 January 2018 (UTC)

Portugal 10 12 16
Is this edit incorrect? 223.38.22.156 (talk) 03:11, 4 February 2018 (UTC)
 * Portugal 10 & 12 is simple age recommendation.
 * Portugal 16 is restrictive: No Children under 16 must view unless under supervision

 * No, it is not correct. You san see this for yourself by checking the summary for Portugal and clicking on the source. Please stop altering the table so it contradicts the summaries below and the accompanying sources. Betty Logan (talk) 12:39, 4 February 2018 (UTC)

 * [] This PDF seems that all ratings are advisory.

Translation:
 * T: Programs intended for all audiences.

 * 10: Programs for spectators aged 10 or over, advice from parents in case of spectators less than 10 years of age.

 * 12: Programs for spectators aged 12 or over, advice from parents in case of spectators less than 12 years of age.

 * 16: Programs aimed at spectators aged 16 or over. The content programs may be likely to have a negative formation of the personality of children and adolescents.

211.203.35.206 (talk) 13:35, 4 February 2018 (UTC)

 * It does not say the ratings are advisory. It mandates advice from parents for children under those ages i.e. it defers regulation to the parent. That is not the same thing as a simple age recommendation. The purple highlight is for simple age recommendations; the red highlight is for ratings where the parent becomes the regulator for children below a certain age. Betty Logan (talk) 15:05, 4 February 2018 (UTC)

Edit request
This PDF clearly states that under 16 can view 16-rated programs, only if supervised. Please alter Portugal 16's color scheme (black->red).211.203.35.206 (talk) 08:20, 8 February 2018 (UTC)
 * It doesn't state that at all. It states that programs rated 16 are for audiences of 16 and over. Please quote the part which states children under 16 can watch under supervision. Betty Logan (talk) 13:27, 8 February 2018 (UTC)

Translation about Portugal 16: "Programs aimed at spectators aged 16 or over. The content programs may be likely to have a negative formation of the personality of children and adolescents." It should be purple or red. Am I incorrect?211.203.35.206 (talk) 13:48, 8 February 2018 (UTC)
 * Programs in this bracket are for people aged over 16. As I have repeatedly explained, the guideline does not saying anything about people under 16 being able to watch it, either on their own or under parental surpervision. The other age ratings explicitly defer this deicision to the parents; this is not the case with the 16 rating. In this capacity the black highlighting is the correct color according to the key. Betty Logan (talk) 14:02, 8 February 2018 (UTC)

It seems that its meaning is "intended for 16 and over", not "prohibited to anyone under 16". Its color should be purple. Am I incorrect?211.203.35.206 (talk) 23:14, 8 February 2018 (UTC)
 * If the lower categories require parental consent for viewers under those ages the adult category is hardly going to be an advisory category that does not require parental consent, is it? It is obvious from the wording of all the categories together that the adult category is a hard category. If the regulator intended for the content to be accessed by viewers under 16 then it would be worded the same way as the lower catgeories. This is not rocket science! Betty Logan (talk) 00:12, 9 February 2018 (UTC)

Some Edit Request
Please alter them if they're not incorrect. 175.223.48.189 (talk) 01:09, 12 February 2018 (UTC)
 * Australia C is age recommendation, so it should be purple.
 * Canada C8 is age recommendation, so it should be purple.
 * Canada PG carries parental supervision recommendation for under 8, so it should be red.
 * Indonesia A is age recommendation, so it should be purple.
 * Indonesia A-BO and R-BO carry parental supervision recommendation for under 7 and 13, seperately. So they should be red.
 * Taiwan 6+ carry parental supervision recommendation, so it should be red.
 * Thailand Children Rating is age recommendation, so it should be purple.
 * US TV-Y7(-FV) is age recommendation, so it should be purple.

 * Australia C, Canada C8, Indonesia A, Thailand Children and US TV-Y7 all describe content specifically for children in a certain age range so they should be highlighted white in accordance with the key which says white ratings are "Aimed at young audiences". These ratings are completely different to general suitability ratings that impose a lower age limit, such as Finland K7. Canada PG and Indonesia A-BO & R-BO are specifically parental guidance ratings, not restricted ratings. For example, Canada PG recommends parental guidance for the age 8–13 age range, but red highlighting would imply it is restricted for children under 8 and unrestricted for viewers over 8, which is not the case. Betty Logan (talk) 01:32, 12 February 2018 (UTC)

 * However, Taiwan 6+ carries parental supervision recommendation, so it should be red, shouldn't it?211.203.35.206 (talk) 02:22, 12 February 2018 (UTC)
 * No. In the summary for Taiwan 6+ it says "children over six and under the age of twelve can view if accompanied". That is no different to Canada's PG rating. If it were highlighted red than that would essentially be saying that children aged 6–12 do not require parental supervision, which is the opposite of what the summary says. Betty Logan (talk) 02:36, 12 February 2018 (UTC)

Yellow is not necessary
Yellow meaning: Parental supervision recommended for designed age range. Red meaning: Parental supervision recommended for younger audiences. Both yellow and red means parental supervision recommendation. So we only need red highlighting. Yellow can be altered as using black and red. See: We should remove yellow highlightling. In Motion picture content rating system, black-red structure (e.g. Norway, Taiwan etc.) is used.211.203.35.206 (talk) 06:44, 4 March 2018 (UTC)

 * That's fine by me. BTW, please don't alter the note in the US entry: the restrictions only apply to TV models with a V-chip, otherwise the ratings are purely advisory in the way they are worded. Betty Logan (talk) 13:24, 4 March 2018 (UTC)

Are there any screening-restriction tools such as V-chip? (excluding US)211.203.35.206 (talk) 14:03, 4 March 2018 (UTC)
 * There are quite a few password restricted services if you look through the summaries. Many of these are controlled through a set-top box rather than a chip in the TV. For example, my service requires a password for post-watershed programmes between 5am and 9pm. Betty Logan (talk) 15:09, 4 March 2018 (UTC)

In this talk page, you've agreed to yellow-removing, but User talk:Betty Logan talk page, you haven't agreed to yellow-removing. Why?211.203.35.206 (talk) 13:21, 5 March 2018 (UTC)
 * I agreed to replacing the yellow highlighting for Taiwan because it is age restricted, not advisory, so the yellow was wrong in this entry. Betty Logan (talk) 16:12, 5 March 2018 (UTC)
 * If you find incorrect highlightings, please alter them.175.223.10.84 (talk) 23:40, 5 March 2018 (UTC)

The rating 7 with 12 and 15 has parental guidance whose age is under that level.  SoonSoo90 (talk) 07:25, 28 December 2019 (UTC)
 * The descriptions can be read at Television_content_rating_system. Betty Logan (talk) 09:28, 28 December 2019 (UTC)

Incorrect highlighting
Betty said that there is nothing in the Portugal and US summary that indicates any type of restriction. That means all Portugal/US ratings are purely advisory then there should be no red or black. And Mexico A(7+) is set "restrictive" but B(12+) is set "advisory". Moreover, Greece PCR(10+) is set "restrictive" but 15 is set "advisory". They seem incorrect. Please alter them correctly. Thank you.121.139.207.87 (talk) 08:53, 8 March 2018 (UTC)
 * It was YOU who added the restricted highlighting to the US entry on the basis that the V-chip was a restriction. I accepted your argument. We have already discussed Portugal above at . As explained at that discussion the ratings are not advisory, rather they mandate "advice" from parents. In other words its is mandating a particular kind of action from parents, not merely making a recommendation i.e. it is a restricted rating that defers regulation to the parent. That is entirely consistent with the red key which states "Instructs that people under the age are not supposed to see it without parental supervision." On the other hand I agree with you about Greece; it is very likely it would carry at least the same restriction as the lower rating, but it makes no reference to children below that age being permitted to watch prgrammes carrying the rating. Betty Logan (talk) 15:28, 8 March 2018 (UTC)
 * Mexico's highlightings are still incorrect. Mexico A(7+) is set "restrictive" but B(12+) is set "advisory". They seem incorrect. Please alter them correctly.211.203.35.206 (talk) 22:58, 8 March 2018 (UTC)
 * It is not at all clear from the wording if Mexico's "B" categories are restrictive, but on the basis that a lower category is restrictive I have changed them. Betty Logan (talk) 01:55, 9 March 2018 (UTC)

Word "should" seems odd
Red and black is restrictive. Moreover, South Africa gov prohibits children from seeing 13/16/18-rated programs. "be supposed to" phrase should be used, right?211.203.35.206 (talk) 14:30, 8 April 2018 (UTC)
 * Saying that people below the age "are not supposed to see it" is semantically identical to "should not see it". There is no difference, except the former uses more words. Betty Logan (talk) 14:36, 8 April 2018 (UTC)

Your explanation will look as red and black is advisory. However, both red and black are not advisory. So I suggest this proposal: If you can, please apply this color explanation for Motion picture content rating system, Video game content rating system, Mobile software content rating system, International Age Rating Coalition.
 * White – Aimed at young audiences / Suitable for all ages / Exempt / Not rated / No applicable rating.
 * Yellow – Not restricted but parental supervision is recommended for designed age range.
 * Purple – Not restricted but not recommended for a younger audience.
 * Red – People under the age are not supposed to see it without parental guidance.
 * Black – People under the age are not supposed to see it / Restricted to a specific audience (content is usually locked by a password).

 * As I have already explained "not supposed to" is unnecessarily verbose. The current version is more concise and more encyclopedic. If something is "unsuitable for younger audiences" then it is obvious a younger audience should not be watching it. You are obviously not an English speaker so please leave the wording to those of us who are. Betty Logan (talk) 04:59, 9 April 2018 (UTC)

South Korea 7
Please will you explain this change to the South Korean entry. The source used in the section does not say anything about 7 year-olds having to be supervised so please can you tell me where you are getting this information? Betty Logan (talk) 05:28, 19 May 2018 (UTC)
 * I have made further information link.Zenkaino lovelive (talk) 06:15, 19 May 2018 (UTC)
 * That's helpful, but you have just edited this page to make it say the same thing. What is the source for this information? Betty Logan (talk) 06:38, 19 May 2018 (UTC)
 * These ratings are regulated by Korea Communications Standards Commission.Zenkaino lovelive (talk) 07:04, 19 May 2018 (UTC)
 * I don't dispute that, but you must be getting the information from somewhere. Do the Korea Communications Standards Commission have a website that states 7 year olds must be accompanied? Per WP:Verifiability information must be sourced and the current source says nothing about parental accompaniment. Betty Logan (talk) 07:29, 19 May 2018 (UTC)
 * This will be helpful source.Zenkaino lovelive (talk) 07:41, 19 May 2018 (UTC)

Greek TV Ratings
Hi all and sorry for joining with an ip address but I do not have an account in Wikipedia. The Greek TV ratings changed one month ago and we currently have the following symbols: Here is a video presentation of the above: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rXTuFouckOo, however, it is in Greek. Kind regards, Georgios — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2A02:214C:8211:7E00:9055:63D2:FA53:C6DD (talk) 16:00, 12 November 2019 (UTC)
 * K: Suitable for all
 * 8: Suitable for all over 8 years old
 * 12: Suitable for all over 12 years old
 * 16: Suitable for all over 16 years old
 * 18: Suitable for all over 18 years old

Did you know what about Kids to Adult channel in the world?
The USA and other countries kids channel show is Nickelodeon, Cartoon Network and Disney Channel or Disney XD are not included rated TV-14 or TV-MA due to the Children’s channel show will not prevalence included Strong Violence, Languages and Sexual Innuendo. (Also airing on YTV in Canada is rating 14+ aired anime and cartoon on Bionix) Adult Swim airing on cartoon and anime is rated TV-14 and TV-MA as well. Sometimes Tooniverse airing cartoon and anime is rated All, 7, 12, 15 and 19 (similar to TV-14 from 15 and TV-MA from 19) For Children to Adults.RomanceLove88 (talk) 19:33, 29 February 2020 (UTC)

Where’s the rating in Japan?
Please guys you need to know where is rated G, PG12, R15+ and R18+ From IMDb RomanceLove88 (talk) 19:39, 29 February 2020 (UTC)

Factually inaccurate edits
While you have made many positive edits to these articles you have introduced some factual inaccuracies too. For example, you have changed some ratings from "advisory" to "mandatory" without explanation, you removed Quebec's 8+ rating and added cinema ratings to Turkey's section. If you make content alterations it is important to check that the changes are factually accurate. In many cases TV ratings are different to film ratings and you can't just make assumptions. I don't want to discourage you from working on the articles but if you are making changes to ratings in a country that you do not live in then you ideally you need to verify those changes against a source. Best wishes. Betty Logan (talk) 07:40, 13 May 2021 (UTC)

Boris Toledo S.
Please, at least look for icons and use it for countries that do not have it instead of using and underlining texts 152.172.222.190 (talk) 00:23, 20 November 2021 (UTC)

Commons files used on this page or its Wikidata item have been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons files used on this page or its Wikidata item have been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reasons for deletion at the file description pages linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 03:22, 20 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Kijkwijzer Discrimination.png
 * Kijkwijzer Drugs and or alcohol abuse.png
 * Kijkwijzer Fear.png
 * Kijkwijzer Sex.png
 * Kijkwijzer Violence.png

Commons files used on this page or its Wikidata item have been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons files used on this page or its Wikidata item have been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 05:07, 20 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Kijkwijzer Discrimination.png
 * Kijkwijzer Drugs and or alcohol abuse.png
 * Kijkwijzer Fear.png
 * Kijkwijzer Sex.png
 * Kijkwijzer Violence.png

Homosexual Rating Designation
Where is the designation of homosexuality to alert viewers of content that they may find offensive or welcome? 50.26.134.67 (talk) 17:40, 2 February 2023 (UTC)

 * Not all countries designate such content. Hungary is the only one that I know of. Betty Logan (talk) 23:38, 2 February 2023 (UTC)

Malaysia new LPF rating is used on TV as well
Referring to Television_content_rating_system section, [failed verification] commented "Only mentions films, and doesn't mention television" is actually false. unifi TV has started to use P12 and 13 ratings on their TV stations. Malaysian freeview TV stations like TV3 and TV9 (Media Prima) had also used the ratings as well. You can check AqFad TV YouTube channel as reference for the mentioned resources. Boncit2Sekalian (talk) 14:23, 5 February 2023 (UTC)

 * The tag has been correctly placed because the source provided does not mention TV at all. If you know of a source that can corroborate the claim, then it would be just as easy to add it to the article. Betty Logan (talk) 17:33, 5 February 2023 (UTC)

This page needs additional citations! >=(
Can someone add additional citations for verification? Please? 2601:181:401:49B0:A8D4:FB6:7AE:1972 (talk) 22:11, 23 February 2023 (UTC)

Television rating system in the United Kingdom
Is the BBFC rating system for movies the same for television like TV series or is it a different system unlike the United States version? I’m curious to know. Thanks. FireDragonValo (talk) 19:17, 13 September 2023 (UTC)

 * There isn't a rating system for television in the UK. There is a watershed (9pm) and that is it. Betty Logan (talk) 20:12, 13 September 2023 (UTC)
 * Now that makes sense. Thanks for letting know. FireDragonValo (talk) 14:56, 14 September 2023 (UTC)

Age Rating in Japan
I was through the list here. How come there is no TV age rating for Japan? They don’t have one or is it still unresearched? 172.248.174.74 (talk) 21:53, 13 November 2023 (UTC)

Bulgaria and El Salvador
Please tell me a source about Bulgaria and El Salvador's content ratings for TV. SPEEDYBEAVER (talk) 20:56, 1 January 2024 (UTC)

 * El Salvador was added in 2019 without a source. Bulgaria was added in 2021 by you and another editor. It is probably best to tag them and remove them in a few weeks if appropriate sources cannot be found. Betty Logan (talk) 12:50, 3 January 2024 (UTC)
 * I actually just added Bulgaria to the comparison table because I was 13 and a lot less mature back then, as I believed in everything I saw on this website. I am 16 now, and I don't believe in anything I read on this website unless a reliable source is cited. Also, I noticed that the entries for South Africa and Ukraine are unsourced. SPEEDYBEAVER (talk) 16:24, 11 January 2024 (UTC)

New Brazilian auto-classification ratings to comparison table
Is it possible to add new Brazilian ratings (AL, A10, A12, A14, A16, A18) to comparison table on the television content rating system as suggested? Let me know. Thanks. FireDragonValo (talk) 19:10, 19 January 2024 (UTC)

 * I don't see a problem with that. Betty Logan (talk) 16:00, 20 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Thank you. FireDragonValo (talk) 18:54, 25 January 2024 (UTC)

No icons next to letters.
The icons should not be next to letters unless it’s on the Wikitable. Thank you. FireDragonValo (talk) 20:26, 14 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Television content rating system


text:
User talk:Aboelela~enwiki

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --Merovingian (t) (c) 17:02, August 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Aboelela. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Aboelela~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 21:33, 19 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 10:10, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Aboelela~enwiki


text:
Inchoative verb

An inchoative verb, sometimes called an "inceptive" verb, shows a process of beginning or becoming. Productive inchoative affixes exist in several languages, including the suffixes present in Latin and Ancient Greek, and consequently some Romance languages. Not all verbs with inchoative suffixes have retained their inceptive meaning. In Italian, for example, present indicative finisco 'I finish' contains the form of the suffix, while present indicative finiamo 'we finish' does not, yet the only difference in meaning is that of person subject; the suffix is now semantically inert.

Latin and Romance Languages
Latin uses the suffix -sc- to show inchoative force. The suffix is normally seen in the present tense stem, and is not present in the third and fourth principal parts.
 * apiscor, apiscī, aptus sum reach
 * crescō, crescere, crēvī, crētus come into being, grow up
 * convalescō, convalescere, convaluī recover, grow strong
 * discō, discere, didicī learn
 * īrascor, īrascī, īrātus sum be in a rage
 * lapidescō, lapidescere become stone
 * nanciscor, nanciscī, nactus/nanctus sum to meet with, stumble upon
 * nascor, nasci, natus sum to be begotten, to be generated, to be born, as nascent life
 * noscō, noscere, nōvī, nōtus get to know
 * obdormiscō, obdormiscere, obdormīvī, obdormītus sum fall asleep
 * poscō, poscere, poposcī demand
 * proficiscor, proficiscī, profectus sum set out
 * rubescō, rubescere, rubuī to grow red, redden

Romance
In Romance, the inchoative suffixes in Latin became incorporated into the inflections of fourth conjugation verbs (-īre). Catalan, Occitan, Italian, and Romanian have distinctions between "infixed" (infixed with the inchoative suffix -ēscō) and "pure" (non-infixed) verbs, with the number of pure verbs tend to be fewer than the infixed ones, while French has pure verbs but treated as irregular.

Catalan
In Catalan, the 3rd verb category (verbs ending in ‘-ir’) is divided into 2 sub-categories: ‘pure’ and ‘inchoative’. The vast majority of 3rd category verbs are inchoative and are marked by the addition of the affix ‘-esc-, -eix-‘, with less than only 15 to 20 of all 3rd category verbs falling into the ‘pure’ sub-category.

Inchoative verbs are affected in only their first, second, third and third person plural conjugations. This can be seen below in the table below comparing the present indicative conjugations of the pure verb ‘dormir’ (to sleep) with the inchoative verb ‘servir’ (to serve):

It is important to note that as nearly all of the 3rd category verbs are inchoative, there is very little, if any, relationship between the inchoative verbs of Catalan and the traditional inceptive meaning and function of inchoative verbs. It is most likely that this verb sub-category is named ‘inchoative’ because the associated morpheme ‘-eix-‘ stems directly from the Latin inchoative morpheme ‘-sc-‘, despite its function and usage having disappeared.

Ancient Greek
Greek also uses the inchoative suffix -sk-, although it does not always indicate inchoative meaning. -sk- is added to verb-stems ending in vowels, -isk- to consonant stems.
 * "I please" or "appease" (first aorist ἤρεσα (ḗre-s-a) "I appeased")
 * "I say" (from, same meaning)
 * "I find" (second aorist ηὗρον (hēûr-on) "I found")

Past iterative verb forms in Homer and Herodotus use the same suffix.

Finnish
Finnish inchoatives may be marked with -nt- (which undergoes consonant gradation to -nn- in weak form). An alternative form is vaaleta, hiljetä, etc.
 * vaalentua "to go paler" < vaalea "pale"
 * hiljentyä "to go silent" < hiljainen "silent"

Not all inchoatives are marked like this, however, e.g. kuolla "to die"

The translative case marks "becoming something" on the noun, thus a target state is marked with the translative case (-ksi): lehti vaalenee keltaiseksi "the leaf fades to yellow". The transformation from a state is marked with the elative case (-sta): lehti vaalenee tummanvihreästä keltaiseksi "the leaf fades from dark green to yellow". In eastern Karelian dialects, the exessive case (-nta) specifically refers to inchoative changes.

Armenian
Armenian has a class of inchoative verbs marked with the infix -ան- or -ն-. They belong to the third conjugation, so the full infinitive ending is -անալ or -նալ.
 * հիւանդանալ "to become ill" < հիւանդ "sick, ill"
 * նիհարանալ "to get thin" < նիհար "thin, slender"
 * կարմրանալ "to redden, to blush" < կարմիր "red"
 * աղքատանալ "to be impoverished" < աղքատ "poor"
 * ամչնալ "to be shamed, become ashamed" < ամօթ "shame"

In Western Armenian, the penultimate vowel tends to weaken or drop out, so the -անալ suffix is more commonly -նալ, sometimes pronounced -ընալ (հիւանդնալ, նիհարնալ, կարմրընալ).

Inchoatives are considered part of the third conjugation, but they form a special category because the infix drops in the past tense; while regular third conjugation verbs add ց to the present stem, for the inchoatives the ց appears in the place of the dropped ն.
 * կարդալ "to read" > կարդացաւ "he read" (past of regular third conjugation)
 * սպիտականալ "to become white" > սպիտակացաւ not *սպիտականացաւ "it became white"

The infix generally retains its inchoative meaning in modern usage, although sometimes the verbs are translated to other languages as simple verbs because the inchoative meaning requires a compound that may be awkward or unnatural in a language that lacks this aspect. (գողանալ - to steal, lit. become thief). This convention does not extend as broadly to the past tenses, where the aorist past has to be translated as an inceptive verb in order to distinguish it from imperfect tenses (e.g., հիւանդանում է may be translated as "he is sick" rather than "he becomes sick," but for հիւանդացաւ, "he became sick" is more precise than "he was sick," which can also be հիւանդ էր, հիւանդանում էր, հիւանդացել է, etc.)

It remains a very productive grammatical feature, and almost any adjective and some nouns can be made inchoative verbs simply by the addition of the suffix -անալ / -նալ.

 * արագ "quick, fast" > արագանալ "to speed up, become fast"
 * բարկ "furious" > բարկանալ "to get angry"
 * կոյր "blind" > կուրանալ, կոյրնալ "to become blind"
 * անօթի "hungry" > անօթենալ "to become hungry"
 * տաք "hot" > տաքանալ, տաքնալ "to get hot"
 * արթուն "awake" > արթնանալ, արթննալ "to wake up, become alert"
 * քար "rock" > քարանալ "to harden, petrify"
 * ծանօթ "friend, acquaintance" > ծանօթանալ "to meet, get to know"

There are verbs that have a similar form to the inchoative verbs but are different. The similarity may be derived from the similar sounding but grammatically different verbal ending -ենալ, especially in Western Armenian dialects, where dropping the weak penultimate vowel merges -ենալ and -անալ into -նալ. In other cases, the ն derives from an irregular root that belongs to the third conjugation or was subsumed into the third conjugation because of phonetic similarity. The latter category can be recognized by the irregular past tense forms that drop the ն.
 * մօտնալ < մօտենալ "to approach, get close to"
 * ճանչնալ < ճանաչել "to meet, acquaint"
 * դառնալ "to turn, to become" > դարձայ "I turned"
 * բանալ "to open" (transitive) > բացի "I opened"
 * իյնալ "to fall" > ինկայ "I fell" (Eastern Armenian uses derivation ընկանել)
 * տեսնալ "to see" > տեսայ "I saw" (standard տեսնել < տեսանել)

Germanic languages
The Germanic languages historically formed inchoative verbs with the suffix -n-. Verbs derived with this suffix belonged to the distinct fourth class of weak verbs in Gothic, while in most other Germanic languages they belonged to the second weak class.

The suffix survives in English as -en, and is still somewhat productive although there are other suffixes such as -ify which compete with it. However, verbs with this suffix are now primarily ergatives, and also have a causative sense ("to cause to become") when used transitively. Some examples:
 * dark > darken
 * white > whiten
 * hard > harden
 * thick > thicken

Swedish also retains use of the suffix, which is still somewhat productive. Some examples: Similarly, in the Danish language with, e.g., blegne (to go pale) and gråne (become grey).
 * blek "pale" > blekna "to go pale"
 * tyst "quiet" > tystna "to fall silent"
 * fast "firm, fastened" > fastna "to get stuck"
 * hård "hard" > hårdna "to be hardened"
 * kall "cold" > kallna "to become cold"
 * rutten "rotten" > ruttna "to rot"

title: Inchoative verb


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/James Longstreet (security)

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete --Allen3 talk 21:16, September 5, 2005 (UTC)

James Longstreet (security)
This is a vanity page created about (and most likely by) a college student who was very clever in finding a number of security holes earlier this year but has no real notability. It squeaked through a VfD in March with very few votes either way, but nothing has been added to the article since and there are no significant links to it. I think it's time to re-evaluate the VfD (I vote to Delete). –Shoaler (talk) 17:03, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete judging by the linked articles, he was not solely responsible for finding the bugs. --TimPope 17:51, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * For the same reasons as given in Votes for deletion/James Longstreet (security), Weak Keep. Uncle G 18:39:04, 2005-08-30 (UTC)
 * Delete; Tim Pope is correct. If we do have an article about this, it should be about the guy's prof: "Students of iconoclastic computer scientist Daniel Bernstein have found some 44 security flaws in various Unix applications, according to a list of advisories posted online." Sdedeo 20:31, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I'm fairly inclusivist when it comes to people (to counter the more general Wikipedia bias in the other direction), but I don't really see the encyclop&alig;dic value of this article. --Mel Etitis  ( Μελ Ετητης ) 08:51, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Other delete voters' reasoning is correct. Quale 17:58, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User talk:Casecaura

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --Merovingian (t) (c) 17:04, August 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Image:Upkampus.jpg
Hello, I was wondering if you have a source for this photo? If not, it will have to be deleted soon. Zach (Sound Off) 23:59, 27 September 2005 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Innovationeng.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Innovationeng.jpg. However, the image may soon be deleted unless we can determine the copyright holder and copyright status. The Wikimedia Foundation is very careful about the images included in Wikipedia because of copyright law (see Wikipedia's Copyright policy).

The copyright holder is usually the creator, the creator's employer, or the last person who was transferred ownership rights. Copyright information on images is signified using copyright templates. The three basic license types on Wikipedia are open content, public domain, and fair use. Find the appropriate template in Image copyright tags and place it on the image page like this:.

Please signify the copyright information on any other images you have uploaded or will upload. Remember that images without this important information can be deleted by an administrator. If you have any questions, feel free to contact me. Thank you.  —  The KMan  talk  11:56, 21 January 2006 (UTC)

Possibly unfree Image:Upkampus.jpg
An image that you uploaded or altered, Image:Upkampus.jpg, has been listed at Possibly unfree images. If the image's copyright status cannot be verified, it may be deleted. Please go to its page to provide the necessary information on the source or licensing of this image (if you have any), if you are interested in it not being deleted. Thank you. User:Angr 15:04, 18 July 2006 (UTC)

Possibly unfree Image:Unisa1crest.jpg
An image that you uploaded or altered, Image:Unisa1crest.jpg, has been listed at Possibly unfree images. If the image's copyright status cannot be verified, it may be deleted. Please go to its page to provide the necessary information on the source or licensing of this image (if you have any), if you are interested in it not being deleted. Thank you. —Bkell (talk) 21:04, 23 July 2006 (UTC)

Untagged image
An image you uploaded, Image:Rhodeslogo.gif, was tagged with the coatofarms copyright tag. This tag was deleted because it does not actually specify the copyright status of the image. The image may need a more accurate copyright tag, or it may need to be deleted. If the image portrays a seal or emblem, it should be tagged as seal. If you have any questions, ask them at Media copyright questions. -- 14:06, 30 December 2006 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (Image:Unisa1crest.jpg)
Thanks for uploading Image:Unisa1crest.jpg. The media description page currently specifies that it is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, it is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the media was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that media for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that all non-free media not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. BetacommandBot (talk) 20:52, 15 December 2007 (UTC)

Disputed fair use rationale for Image:Innovation generation.gif
Thanks for uploading Image:Innovation generation.gif. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read the instructions at Non-free content carefully, then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies for fair use. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot (talk) 17:18, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

Speedy deletion of File:Mameldoi Campus.jpg
A tag has been placed on File:Mameldoi Campus.jpg requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section I9 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the image appears to be a blatant copyright infringement. For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted images or text borrowed from other web sites or printed material, and as a consequence, your addition will most likely be deleted.

If you think that this notice was placed here in error, you may contest the deletion by adding  to the top of the page that has been nominated for deletion (just below the existing speedy deletion or "db" tag), coupled with adding a note on  explaining your position, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the page meets the criterion it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the page that would render it more in conformance with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. ▫  Johnny Mr Nin ja  18:58, 13 March 2009 (UTC)

Possibly unfree File:Tuks1.jpg
A file that you uploaded or altered, File:Tuks1.jpg, has been listed at Possibly unfree files because its copyright status is unclear or disputed. If the file's copyright status cannot be verified, it may be deleted. You may find more information on the file description page. You are welcome to add comments to its entry at if you are interested in it not being deleted. Thank you. Magog the Ogre (talk) 02:41, 2 July 2011 (UTC)

Possibly unfree File:Skip3.gif
A file that you uploaded or altered, File:Skip3.gif, has been listed at Possibly unfree files because its copyright status is unclear or disputed. If the file's copyright status cannot be verified, it may be deleted. You may find more information on the file description page. You are welcome to add comments to its entry at if you are interested in it not being deleted. Thank you. 84user (talk) 04:01, 4 July 2011 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Henley Business School South Africa

A tag has been placed on Henley Business School South Africa, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section G11 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the page seems to be unambiguous advertising which only promotes a company, product, group, service or person and would need to be fundamentally rewritten in order to become encyclopedic. Please read the guidelines on spam and FAQ/Organizations for more information.

If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Click here to contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be removed without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If the page is deleted, and you wish to retrieve the deleted material for future reference or improvement, you can place a request here. Roger (Dodger67) (talk) 11:50, 31 January 2014 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image File:Wits University F.C. (crest).jpg
 Thanks for uploading File:Wits University F.C. (crest).jpg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described in the criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Diannaa (talk) 02:36, 12 February 2015 (UTC)

Nomination of Management College of Southern Africa for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Management College of Southern Africa is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Management College of Southern Africa until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Guy (Help!) 12:08, 30 August 2016 (UTC)

title: User talk:Casecaura


text: File:Jedermann sein eigner Fussball.jpg

title: File:Jedermann sein eigner Fussball.jpg


text:
Meductic, New Brunswick

Meductic is a former village along the Saint John River in southern New Brunswick, Canada. It held village status prior to 2023 and is now part of the village of Lakeland Ridges. It is approximately 33 kilometres southeast of Woodstock.

History
During the Expulsion of the Acadians, the village was burned in the St. John River Campaign (1758). Until the 18th century, Meductic was the largest settlement of the Wolastoqiyik people.

On 1 January 2023, Meductic amalgamated with the village of Canterbury and all or part of five local service districts to form the new village of Lakeland Ridges. The community's name remains in official use.

Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Meductic had a population of $180$ living in $83$ of its $93$ total private dwellings, a change of NaN% from its 2016 population of $215$. With a land area of 6.26 km2, it had a population density of in 2021.

title: Meductic, New Brunswick