text:
Talk:Freeview (UK)

Includes Regional Variations
BBC One and BBC Two both say "includes regional variations" I believe this to be confusing, making it sound like you can get all the regions.

pjb007 21:17, 12 March 2006 (UTC)

 * It is the case that all regional variations are available on some satellite services but this is certainly not the case on Freeview. I agree that the comment "includes regional variations" is misleading, but also believe that it is worth noting that there are regional variations on BBC One and BBC Two. Where I live, BBC One is almost always referred to as BBC One Scotland and is as distinct from BBC One as Scottish TV is from ITV1. It is difficult to highlight such differences in what is essentially supposed to be merely a list of channels. Do you have any suggestions as to a remedy for the ambiguity you identify? Perhaps it should also be asked if this is the appropriate article for highlighting the existence of regional variations on specific channels. IP 19:03, 14 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Solution: take the word "includes" out (done). Lee Stanley 15:22, 20 July 2006 (UTC)

Is it possible to tune my freeview box to receive S4C if I don't live in Wales? I know you can with Sky, and my sister's freeview box, but mine doesn't show the variations. Is there a way to make it tune in? 57.66.51.165 15:14, 27 March 2006 (UTC)
 * No. --Kiand 17:17, 27 March 2006 (UTC)
 * :-( Thanks

Channels Removed/Replaced
I have now added YOOPLAY GAMES to this category; the space has been leased to SMG plc to launch Virgin Radio. I have also mentioned on the EPG that YooPlay Games is no longer active (the placeholder is still present however). I also propose that the "Channels Removed or Replaced" section to be renamed "Former Channels", as it sounds a bit shoddy as it is. Marbles333 13:22, 18 July 2006 (UTC)

tvtv DIGITAL
Today my Freeview box had just found a new channel called tvtv DIGITAL on channel 304. Has anyone else found this channel or knows anything about it. As I wonder what it is, and it also says it's a text channel. Thanks. LONDON UK    • 13:44, 02 August 2006 (UTC)
 * My box has picked it up. I know nothing about the channel, but I would guess that it has something to do with the following link . RobWill80 13:34, 2 August 2006 (UTC)

Availability
I added a sentence to point out that currently less than three-quarters of the population can actually receive it, and that's according to Freeview's own rather optimistic forecast. (Reception where I live is good according to their website. In fact it's virtually unwatchable unless I fork out for a very big aerial.)--Shantavira 13:55, 14 August 2006 (UTC)

New Look Freeview
Looking on Digital Spy and found this. London UK ( talk ) 17:28, 8 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Freeview's website says it will be changing it's looks "in the next few days" --h2g2bob 00:43, 9 November 2006 (UTC)
 * A new logo has appeared, and User:UTV2 had uploaded it with the incorrect tags and it now stands for deletion. I have added the correct tags (I think), and it seems to be from the Freeview website, see here Marbles333 11:06, 11 November 2006 (UTC)
 * If it has got the correct tags and is on the Freeview website then it is okay to add it to the article. London UK  ( talk ) 11:11, 11 November 2006 (UTC)

New entrant channels
Could the date of channels being added be included (as well as the existing "dates of departures")? Jackiespeel 19:06, 20 November 2006 (UTC)
 * I agree with you, I think that this would be a useful addition. Chris as I am Chris 18:19, 13 December 2006 (UTC)

BBC TWO Nation variations, not Reigional
Should BBC TWO's caption be changed so that it states it has National variations on Freeview, as opposed to reigional on analogue? Chris as I am Chris 18:17, 13 December 2006 (UTC)

Service vs Platform
This article does a poor job of distinguishing the Freeview company from the Freeview service (which includes channels not supplied by Freeview) and the DVB-T platform itself. It needs a lot work in this regard. --88.109.230.172 19:52, 17 December 2006 (UTC)

Freeview (not) in Germany
Just to clarify things: There is no "copied Freeview model" in Germany. Almost all German TV stations have always broadcasted free-to-air on their own, this includes the public channels as well as, since around 1985, the commercial ones. For terrestrial transmission, the station rents broadcasting services from a transmitter operator and that's it. This has been the case for analogue broadcasting and is the case for digital broadcasting.

Specifically, there's no joint company that markets DVB-T services and owns a broadcasting license. A number of more or less state-owned PR companies have been setup to help get things started on the viewer's side, but they don't broadcast. --87.193.10.216 10:00, 11 February 2007 (UTC)

Wrong, wrong, wrong
I'm not wasting any more time on this article. Firstly it is plain OBVIOUS that the Freeview brand is used for non-consortium channels, such as QVC, Sit-up, Ideal World, ABC1 and so on, which USE THE FREEVIEW BRAND. There is NO citation for this, it is plain common sense. If you wish to ruin a good article with tags - go ahead. I removed the information about the Genericised Trademark as that is not proved, but the rest is just plain obvious - there is NO reference available which can say so, we know it is and its just plain common sense. There is no dispute, simply a misunderstanding. /Marbles 20:38, 22 February 2007 (UTC)
 * I've added some references.  ••Briantist••   talk  20:53, 22 February 2007 (UTC)

Resolution
It might be worth including the current broadcast resolution of Freeview. I know it's MPEG2 over DVB-T but I feel it could be any one of: 480i, 480p, 576i or 576p (I think old low-resolution content is upscaled before transmission but I may be wrong). It might also vary by channel. If anyone has this info, it would seem prudent to include it. 87.194.8.35 21:11, 24 February 2007 (UTC)
 * To my (limited) knowledge, there are three resolutions used for Freeview channels, 720x576, 704x576 and 544x576 (source). I can't tell you if they are progressive or interlaced though (I suspect the latter). --tgheretford (talk) 21:27, 24 February 2007 (UTC)

Sky Channels
Does anybody agree with me that the Sky Channels section belongs in Digital terrestrial television in the United Kingdom rather than here; as this article is about the Freeview consortium, rather than the channels available via Digital Terrestrial Television? Guinness 17:32, 15 March 2007 (UTC)

Sky is a founding member of the Freeview consortium. A member potentially pulling its channels off the platform is personally a big move. Jt spratt 17:42, 15 March 2007 (UTC)

Pie Chart
Someone needs to do something about that ugly pie chart near the top. It looks too pixelated. Wiki.user 19:30, 7 May 2007 (UTC)

List of Channels
Is there a need for the channel list to be on the Freeview page. The page contains a link to Digital terrestrial television in the United Kingdom which lists all the channels along with further information about each channel.

pjb007 11:28, 13 May 2007 (UTC)

Cary Wakefield
Just to clear up that confusing inclusion of "Cary Wakefield" on the article infobox; I have tracked down the mysterious being and they happen to be the Freeview General Manager.

http://www.freeview.co.uk/press/pr060207

/Marbles 12:55, 20 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Er, thanks, though you needn't have gone to the effort since the infobox already said 'Cary Wakefield (General Manager)'! - Green Tentacle 14:25, 21 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Ha. Okay, sorry I noticed Briantist questioned who the person was the other day and removed it, not sure if it was re-instated though. /Marbles 17:55, 21 August 2007 (UTC)

 * No need to apologise. I restored the information straight away. To be honest, I have no idea why Brianist removed it in the first place. - Green Tentacle 03:17, 22 August 2007 (UTC)

UK G2 SPECULATION
Someone keeps posting

'*UKTV G2 In August 2007, sources indicated that the UKTV network were considering bringing the channel onto the Digital terrestrial freeview network to replace UKTV Bright Ideas, which currently only averages 0.1% of the audience share. It is still unknown whether this will happen or what timescale it'll occur on.''

This is speculation and breaks WP:CBALL as this has not yet happened. Please provide a link if the story is a real one, and not this one!  BRIANTIST  (talk) 17:14, 20 August 2007 (UTC)

Thomas Cook TV
Can someone confirm through some web resource that Thomas Cook channel does not exist any more on Freeview? The reason I have kept adding it is because both official pages (Freeview and Thomas Cook) claim it still exists. ZanderSchubert 08:09, 18 September 2007 (UTC)

Sky News
I read somewhere recently that Sky News might be taken off Freeview. I was wondering whether this was still the case as I've just switched on my set and found UKtv History on Channel 82 where Sky News should be, showing an old episode of Sharpe. Can anyone advise? Thanks 81.152.222.14 11:19, 19 September 2007 (UTC)

 * I couldn't tell you whether Sky News is being taken off Freeview, but as regards the problem you've been having, I suspect you'll find there's some kind of technical glitch somewhere. I've just had the same thing happen to me, but it came back again after about half an hour. Cheers Paul20070 11:42, 19 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Thanks for getting back to me. I'm happy to report that it's back on my set too. Thanks for the advice. 81.152.222.14 11:45, 19 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Apologies for bumping an old thread, but this may have referred to Sky's plans for its own range of DTT boxes, codenamed "Picnic" . This proposal involves Sky launching its own range of DTT boxes, which would require a subscription for the Sky services, leading to their withdrawal from the Freeview platform. The Picnic proposal was announced in October last year but things have gone quiet since then. Perhaps the article could mention this. -- ♦Ian Ma c  M♦  (talk to me) 20:29, 18 September 2008 (UTC)

 * There is already an article on Sky Picnic. As it hasn't affected Freeview at the moment, I personally wouldn't mention anything here yet, and nor would it have anything to do with the discussion above (I need to also say that Wikipedia talk pages are for discussing the article and not for technical issues or a discussion board). It may be worth adding things to do with Picnic in its own article, making sure you give sources to ensure the article meets Wikipedia verifiability policy. --tgheretford (talk) 20:47, 18 September 2008 (UTC)

 * I added Sky Picnic to the See also section, as it is an interesting potential development for Freeview. Given the current state of play, Picnic may never get off the ground, but it is worth a link from the Freeview article itself. There was no intention of violating WP:FORUM here. -- ♦Ian Ma c  M♦  (talk to me) 21:01, 18 September 2008 (UTC)

Sky announced on 1st August that Sky Sports News will be withdrawn from Freeview from 23rd August 2010. (not sky News). —Preceding unsigned comment added by Davblc7 (talk • contribs) 14:40, 3 August 2010 (UTC)

UK G2/Dave
Is the channel seriously being renamed Dave for its Freeview launch. It seems an odd thing to do. What's the logic behind it? Paul20070 16:42, 20 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Well, I checked out this news article and it seems UKTV G2 is being renamed Dave. I also found the answer to my question, so please accept my apologies for reverting what I thought was a piece of vandalism. I still think it's a strange thing to do though. Cheers Paul20070 17:06, 20 September 2007 (UTC)

Caught me out as well. Bevo74 18:30, 20 September 2007 (UTC)
 * How correct can it be if it has it on the uktv.co.uk website. :D. AxG  @   ► talk  18:38, 20 September 2007 (UTC)

 * I accept it is true, but having a man's name seemingly stuck in an article looks very odd, without going through the history page. That's why I have added a warning to the text. Bevo74 20:13, 20 September 2007 (UTC)

Upcoming Channels
Why do we not have a section listing new channels that will be added to Freeview? All we have is current channels and former channels. Can we add this section? 86.158.126.106 (talk) 14:02, 30 December 2007 (UTC)

 * It is probably best not to. The Freeview rumour mill is full of speculation and nonsense. If we have this section then there will not be much reliable content in it and it will become a magnet for speculation. --DanielRigal (talk) 14:14, 30 December 2007 (UTC)
 * Yep, there was a section with this removed a few days ago, citing that Wikipedia is not a crystal ball. I feel inclined to agree, because a lot of references are for speculation which should not be included in Wikipedia. Plus the information in this article (ie. The Hits → 4Music) could be replicated within the Virgin Media/Sky Digital (UK & Ireland) EPG articles. That sections is probably left out as there are better sources of this information elsewhere (ie. news search engines, media news websites, media forums). --tgheretford (talk) 15:19, 30 December 2007 (UTC)

I bet all the other FTA and FTV channels like pop will go on freeview after the digital switchover but they may go on freeview before too. --86.149.155.187 (talk) 16:58, 18 February 2008 (UTC)

Channels which do not broadcast for their full hours
I'm here to open a discussion as regards the amount of information we should display about channels which do not broadcast for their full hours. I have recently been reverting edits concerning UKTV History, where users have added the times at which it broadcasts, because it is the only channel where this information is displayed. I believe we should have a standard format for this, and either add the infotion to all relevant channels or leave it out (I'm happy to go along with whichever method other editors feel si appropriate). What I don't think we should do, however, is have a mizture of the two. Does anyone have any views on this? Cheers Paul20070 (talk) 20:20, 5 February 2008 (UTC)
 * I ugess I should add that I personally think the information would be useful, but I leave it to others to decide. Paul20070 (talk) 20:25, 5 February 2008 (UTC)

Add in the hours for the other channels, it shouldn't be too hard to find.Bevo74 (talk) 20:21, 5 February 2008 (UTC)

 * ok, there's quite a few, so I think it would be worth adding them. Here are the relevant channels and the times they broadcast on Freeview;

 * UKTV History - 0600 - 1800
 * Virgin 1 - 1800 - 0600
 * Smile TV - 0300 - 0700
 * Gems TV - 0945 - 1245
 * The Jewellery Channel - 1900 - 2100 (1000 - 1200 on Five US
 * The Community Channel - 0600 - 0900
 * Teachers TV - 1600 - 1700

Not sure about the times of bid-tv and QVC in Wales. I also notice that not all of the articles on these channels actually displays the time (Smile TV for example). I might add that in as well. Paul20070 (talk) 20:45, 5 February 2008 (UTC)

Extend their hours on freeview. It is not fair on freeview viewers. This is digital discrimination. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.140.73.78 (talk) 13:02, 16 February 2008

Channel list
Why has a load of technical information been added to the channel list? Information like the parent company and aspect ratio should surely be in the digital terrestrial television in the United Kingdom article, which is more technically-minded and already contains technical information like the multiplex. - Green Tentacle (talk) 00:48, 26 March 2008 (UTC)

Five Life
I reverted an unreferenced edit which claimed Five Life is to be rebranded as Fiver in April. Not sure whether or not this was correct. Can anybody shed any light on the matter? Paul20070 (talk) 23:16, 5 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Just found something about it in the Five Life article. I'll put it back in this article, but I think we probably need a reference to back it up. Paul20070 (talk) 23:19, 5 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Well there's a brand new logo, so I gusss it has to be true. I think we should find a reference for it though otherwise there's a danger of people stumbling into a trap. My excuse is that my system's going a bit slow this evening and didn't bring up the image when I checked out the article. I think it's time to log off for the night. Paul20070 (talk) 23:26, 5 April 2008 (UTC)

Freeview versus Freesat
Please can you we have a section on the merits of each. Lots of people will be trying to work out which to buy. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Newschapmj1 (talk • contribs) 15:26, 24 August 2008 (UTC)
 * We are trying to inform the reader what 'Freeview' is not Freesat and this is not the place for the pros and cons of the systems. That info can be found elsewhere on the web. -- [[ axg|undefinedSpecial:Contributions/AxGtalk  |undefined]] 15:45, 24 August 2008 (UTC)

Changeover
As the first "digital only" transmission (with decommissioning of analogue) has just happened, the relevant sections have to be changed. 13:59, 7 November 2008 (UTC)

Setanta Sports on "Freeview"
This paragraph:

"On 23 June 2009, Setanta Sports went into administration following financial difficulties at 2.30pm, with its Setanta Sports 1 channel closed down at 6pm on the same day. The American sports network ESPN bought the rights to the Premier League games owned by Setanta, and plans to launch a new channel to screen them."

should not be in an article of which the subject is "an operator of free digital terrestrial television in the United Kingdom". Setanta Sports was a subscription channel, and ESPN is currently free-to-view with a view to become a subscription based channel come the new Premier League season. Any reason why this paragraph has been reverted back? I really don't want to be dragged into a revert war with anyone, but in my view the above paragraph, of which Setanta and ESPN being encrypted channels contradicts with the subject of this article, a free-to-air platform. This paragraph needs to be removed from the Freeview article and placed into the digital terrestrial television in the United Kingdom article and/or Top Up TV and associated channel articles.

Any objections to the removal of this paragraph from the article, or Freeview being labelled a "free-to-air" platform? --tgheretford (talk) 21:33, 30 June 2009 (UTC)

 * It is surprising that this is so controversial. While Freeview boxes are mainly for free to air channels, some of them have slots for subscription channels. I am not going to argue strongly for the inclusion/exclusion of Setanta, but it did seem notable because of the news coverage.-- ♦Ian Ma c M♦  (talk to me) 06:22, 1 July 2009 (UTC)

 * But the subscription channels are not part of the Freeview service - they come under the brand of Top Up TV, and any discussion of Setanta belongs (and indeed is) in that article. I've removed the paragraph. AJCham2097 (talk) 05:16, 20 July 2009 (UTC)

 * Setanta was available on Freeview, albeit as a subscription channel through Top Up TV, so it is relevant to a certain degree. TheRetroGuy (talk) 20:01, 1 October 2009 (UTC)

Now a need for past tense
Since September 30 2009 has just gone, the first paragraph includes a sentence which now needs to delete "forthcoming" and to go in past tense. Perhaps there could be information here about how people in the United Kingdom found the switch and re-tuning on this day - after all, it was mentioned on the six p.m. news on Radio Four (the news report also referred to a woman who appeared to lose ITV 3 and ITV 4 in the re-tuning, although that might be a little too trivial to go in the article). ACEOREVIVED (talk) 23:10, 30 September 2009 (UTC)

 * Good information to add. Here's a couple of articles on the subject.  I believe quite a lot of people were expected to lose ITV3 and ITV4 (though I'm not sure of the exact number) so it's definitely relevant. My own experience of the retune was, I'm glad to say, without drama. ITV3 and Five went off air at midday, but returned once I'd retuned my set. I also notice some of the channels have moved while there seem to be one or two new channels available. I might see what I can add to the article. TheRetroGuy (talk) 19:59, 1 October 2009 (UTC)

Technical problems
The "Technical problems" section has run into some fairly major WP:NOTHOWTO issues. It should be enough to summarise in prose what the problems were, without listing all the boxes affected. This is best left to the external links.-- ♦Ian Ma c M♦  (talk to me) 20:51, 1 October 2009 (UTC)

 * I've managed to convert some of this section to prose, although there are still issues. I think it is useful to mention some of the models, but perhaps not to have a great long list of them. TheRetroGuy (talk) 21:00, 1 October 2009 (UTC)

 * There may still be a WP:UNDUE issue here, because it is estimated that only a few percent of older boxes were affected by the issues described in this section. My personal choice would be to omit the box brand names altogether, and to leave the listing of them to the citations.-- ♦Ian Ma c M♦  (talk to me) 21:39, 1 October 2009 (UTC)
 * ok, I've removed them and merged the sections. Should read better now. TheRetroGuy (talk) 21:47, 1 October 2009 (UTC)

Sky Player
Sky Player is cameing to freeview and sky sports

this is good news? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.45.107.163 (talk) 12:27, 14 April 2010 (UTC)

Bitrates
Should the bitrate drop be put into the article? DF76 (talk) 19:15, 7 May 2010 (UTC)

 * Like everything else, this would need a reliable source.-- ♦Ian Ma c M♦  (talk to me) 19:25, 7 May 2010 (UTC)
 * Here. People have noticed this. DF76 (talk) 19:31, 7 May 2010 (UTC)

 * The source mentioned above has a problem because it comes from a tech forum, which is not really a reliable source per WP:SPS. There have been complaints about low bit rates on Freeview and DAB radio, but without mainstream media sourcing it is hard to use them in an article.-- ♦Ian Ma c M♦  (talk to me) 19:35, 7 May 2010 (UTC)

 * Agreed. Even the blog post linked in your forum post doesn't clear the reliability threshold. —C.Fred (talk) 19:37, 7 May 2010 (UTC)

 * In addition to which, bitrate is not the only arbiter of picture quality - there is also resolution and encoding efficiency. Arqiva in particular are squeezing more and more channels into lower and lower amounts of bitrate, particularly as new technology allows (e.g. new encoders from Tandberg). Just referring to lower or higher bitrates alone is not really a useful statement. Bonusballs (talk) 21:11, 8 May 2010 (UTC)

First sentence
What the heck is "the only prevailing.." meant to mean? If someone put it in as a synomym for "the only remaining.." then I can tell them a) it's pretentious and b) it's inaccurate as a synonym. Harfarhs (talk) 22:18, 21 December 2013 (UTC)

DWSCO 2284 Ltd
I'm planning to remove all references to the so-called "predecessor" company DWSCO 2284 Ltd. It's clear that some editor does not understand that a great many non-trading dummy companies are registered at Companies House, and are only renamed and become active when required as it saves the delay of registering a completely new company. The Companies House website clearly shows that "DWSCO 2284 Ltd" was renamed to its present name on 13th August 2002, a few months before it started operations, and it obviously never had anything to do with television broadcasting. -- Arwel Parry (talk) 21:13, 8 February 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Freeview (UK)


text: Category:Competitive diving

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Competitive diving


text:
Talk:IronPython

IronPython 3 Implementation
Someone should mention this. They mentioned the work started on it here- [] — Preceding unsigned comment added by 198.136.130.208 (talk) 15:11, 23 October 2014 (UTC)

ironpython
My understanding is that IronPython is not attempting to be a complete Python implementation. Can someone please further describe what IronPython really is other than just the whole python on dotnet rigamaroll?

 * IronPython is definitely trying to be a complete Python implementation. Do you have any evidence to the contrary? Sanxiyn 07:18, 18 June 2007 (UTC)

---

I expanded this article by describing (in my view) why IronPython make sense. Essentially, when developing a complex application framework, the server-side developer rarely understands how the downstream client-side developers will want to use the framework. Therefore, it often makes sense to push responsibility for developing analytics from the server-side to the client-side.

IronPython greatly simplifies this objective, particularly since .NET is fairly rigid in the way it supports dynamic code structures. By integrating IronPython into an existing framework, the server-side developer, with minimal work, can greatly expand the range of analytics that client-side developer has access to. Instead of tweaking the interface everytime a new request comes in, the server-side developer can concentrate on maintaining clean data structures.

I highlighted this with a short example.

Hope this makes sense.

-ronnotel (10/15/05)

 * Is it possible to restrict the capabilites of a script sent from the client to the server? If not, one could try to insert som dangerous code into the server...

see also setence is bad
See also Boo, a language for .NET and Mono based on Python, but has features borrowed from C# and Ruby such as static typing and anonymous closures.

it may give the impression nthat Ruby has static typing which AFAICT it doesn't --Nkour 13:27, 23 November 2005 (UTC)

 * yeah. I agree. I was bold and changed it. - David Björklund (talk) 01:15, 24 November 2005 (UTC)

Simple Windows Forms application
The Simple Windows Forms application section is a how-to, and doesn't belong in an encyclopia article. 165.189.91.148 21:36, 28 August 2006 (UTC)

I have removed the how-to section : Hessian

Link to "Python IDE Project" is bogus.
The link to the "Python IDE Project" seems to be spam.

Difficult to read?
Honestly, I don't understand most of the article. I think it should be improved. Only thing I take away is that everything is somewhat dynamic. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.102.131.101 (talk) 03:09, 10 March 2008 (UTC)

Why "Iron"?
Is there any reason why the language has got the prefix "Iron"? With Jython or JPython it's clear, but what is so "Iron" about .NET? Is there any official explanation of the name? If so, it should be mentioned. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 85.220.140.42 (talk) 12:20, 19 March 2008 (UTC)
 * This would be interesting to know. It's probably just the name that they decided (Nython doesn't really click) and then IronRuby and IronScheme just followed along. MahangaTalk 23:06, 19 March 2008 (UTC)

The name IronPython was chosen by Jim Hugunin who started the project and is an obscure reference to a childhood rhyme that he likes! Origin of the name IronPython MichaelFoord

Sample code
I rewrote the loop in the code sample to use the more Pythonic list comprehension syntax. However, I am confused about that last line there; why is the list being stated on its own line? Not sure what to do with it. Rainault (talk) 17:49, 5 June 2008 (UTC)

Unrelated reference removed
(Full disclosure - I work for Resolver Systems)

The referenced page "Differences Between Resolver One's Formula Language and Python Expressions" does not make the point that it was being cited to support. Although Resolver One is written in IronPython, and is not compatible with CPython, the referenced page is not related to this. Instead, it is description of a DSL used within the application, and in particular how that particular DSL differs from Python. I was bold and removed the reference.

I don't think there is a page on the Resolver Systems website that explains how and why Resolver One is not CPython-compatible. There probably should be! I will put something here when there is - directly into the article if no-one objects.

--Gpjt (talk) 11:40, 9 July 2008 (UTC)

Removed Introductory Sentence
The following sentence in the introduction did not make sense as written, had no citation and seemed to be biased against the open source nature of the project "As the open source license of IronPython does not apply to parts of its documentation, including the comparison fact sheet, it is not clear of how these differences affect compatibility with the reference implementation of CPython.". I don't think such discussion was helpful in the introductory status - I left the statement that products developed on top of IronPython are not compatible with CPython, although that is hardly the point of IronPython (to leverage the .NET framework through Python). MichaelFoord (talk) 19:27, 4 October 2008 (UTC)

The Issue of Compatibility
The water is being muddied here without need. There are two main issues with compatibility language and libs

IronPython seeks to be 100% language compatible...

It's well integrated with the rest of the .NET Framework and makes all .NET libraries easily available to Python programmers, while maintaining compatibility with the Python language.

It intends to be language compatible, and integrate with the .NET libraries. There's not a lot of ambiguity here as it doesn't speak to Python libs. Python libs written in Python should run in IronPython and if they don't might be considered a bug as they should be able to rely upon Python compatability.

Python libs written in C (or whatever) as pyd extensions can not be expected to run out of the box as that would be a different compatibility issue extirely.

IronPython is a Python language implementation.

Applications written in Python may or may not be compatible with either IronPython or CPython (or JPython) depending on whether they use .NET specific features or C specific features (or Java specifc features).

Appplications written in Python may or may not be compatible with either *nix or Windows systems depending on whether they use Windows specific features or *nix specific features.

This is not a controversial area for a language to be in. There is no drama here. There are no tricky aspects that haven't been visited many times with other languages before. There is no divorcement from common sense.

Historically the Python community has already dealt with such issues over windows which are why there are windows specific parts of the Python libs. It is why there are python and pythonw versions of CPython.

--Carnagh (talk) 12:49, 28 April 2009 (UTC)

=ironpython IDE = The list of Iron pyhton IDE could be place in the page http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_integrated_development_environments#IronPython instead speak of some ide in this article. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.142.0.11 (talk) 18:42, 8 August 2009 (UTC)

Performance
Though it claims to be significantly faster than CPython, the references show it is only faster in a few cases, and slower in most others.Maybe "IronPython is generally slower than CPython, ..., but can be faster for some tasks" instead? 144.32.89.120 (talk) 16:05, 12 August 2009 (UTC)
 * It is faster than CPython. Check yourself. Shootout reference runs IronPython on Mono, which is quite different from running IronPython on .NET. On the other hand, performance difference between Mono and .NET would be good to include. Sanxiyn (talk) 06:00, 14 August 2009 (UTC)

 * The referenced PyBench benchmark indicates mixed results. Seems there are two areas where IronPython has performance deficiencies. First dictionaries - IronPython seems to be about 100 % slower on some of the dictionary stuff. Secondly, exception handling, IronPython seems to be faster when exceptions aren't raised. But raise an exception, and IronPython hits a brick wall - 50 x slower. IronPyton looks to be faster for a lot of things, though. In the end, your results will vary with your application mix. --Aflafla1 (talk) 21:52, 18 November 2010 (UTC)

I was bold and changed this.Rabidpoobear (talk) 05:01, 15 August 2009 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on IronPython. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20100223101738/http://www.ironpython.com:80/old.html to http://www.ironpython.com/old.html

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Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 19:54, 11 February 2016 (UTC)

v2.7.9 seems to be out there
Kotz (talk) 12:43, 1 January 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:IronPython


text:
El Paso Corp.

El Paso Corporation was a provider of natural gas and related energy products and was one of North America's largest natural gas producers until its acquisition by Kinder Morgan in 2012. It was headquartered in Houston, Texas, United States.

Prior to the takeover by Kinder Morgan, the company owned North America's largest natural gas pipeline system which traveled from border-to-border and coast-to-coast. The pipeline system included Colorado Interstate Gas; El Paso Natural Gas; Southern Natural Gas; Tennessee Gas Pipeline; Cheyenne Plains Pipeline; Mojave Pipeline; Elba Express Pipeline; Young Gas Storage; Wyoming Interstate Company; and Ruby Pipeline. The El Paso Corporation also owned fifty percent of Great Lakes Transmission and Florida Gas Transmission and employed 6,000 people. Florida Gas is part of Southern Natural Gas. In 1999 the company doubled in size when it merged with Birmingham, Alabama based natural gas giant Sonat. It went on to acquire Coastal Corporation in 2001.

The company's major offices were located in Houston, Texas; Birmingham, Alabama; and Colorado Springs, Colorado. The company's CEO at the time of sale to Kinder Morgan was Douglas L. Foshee.

History
Source: The Pipeliners: The Story of El Paso Natural Gas, by Frank J Mangan, January 1, 1978, ISBN 978-0930208066

The company was founded in 1928 by Houston partners attorney Paul Kayser and H. Gordon Frost Sr. [(cattleman/rancher)], who identified the city of El Paso, Texas as a good market for natural gas transported by pipeline from Jal, New Mexico.They started with one employee, H. Gordon's wife Nell Streeter Frost ([secretary)] (not including the two principals), a tiny office, and a telephone. It was the world's first natural gas pipeline company.

El Paso owned, operated and developed the first in the world and one of the largest natural gas transmission systems in North America. Its more than 17,000 miles of pipeline connected major gas supply regions throughout the American West and Mexico in the early 1990s and supplied about seven percent of U.S. natural gas demand. In 1992, El Paso was spun off from Burlington Resources, which had operated the company as a subsidiary since 1983.

Paul Kayser, a young Houston attorney, and H. Gordon Frost Sr., 2nd generation Texas brahman cattle rancher, founded El Paso Natural Gas in 1928. In 1929, they obtained a franchise from the El Paso City Council to sell natural gas to the city. He proposed construction of a 200-mile pipeline that linked El Paso with natural gas wells located near the city of Jal, New Mexico. After obtaining financing for the ambitious project, they immediately began hiring work crews and securing equipment and supplies.

Pipeline construction methods at the time were crude in comparison to techniques developed during the mid-1900s. The lines were built by hand and the men who worked on the lines had to be extremely tough. Difficulties related to building Frost and Kayser's pipeline were amplified by the fact that his pipes would cross some of the most difficult terrain in the southwestern United States. The pipeline had to cross 200 miles of rivers, mountains, and deserts and it had to be built to withstand all types of natural disasters. Although the work was tedious and time-consuming, Frost's and Kayser's crews pioneered new methods of welding, ditching, and crossing unique terrain. The line was finished and put into service in 1930.

Unfortunately for them and their fledgling start-up, the Great Depression began shortly after the building of the pipeline. El Paso generated profits of $283,000 during the pipeline's first year of operation but the Depression-era economy threatened to quash the venture. Fortunately, the city of El Paso continued to buy Frost's and Kayser's gas. The company was able to pay its debts and to expand its pipeline system during the early 1930s. The company built new lines extending to the copper mining areas of southern Arizona and northern Mexico and in 1934 extended service to Tucson and Phoenix, Arizona.

During the late 1930s, El Paso enjoyed steady growth. It built new pipeline systems extending throughout the oil- and gas-rich Permian Basin in south Texas and extended lines north and west to accommodate growing regional demand. By the late 1930s, the company was generating revenue of about $5 million annually and was beginning to post strong profit gains. Expansion slowed during World War II as the nation's labor and resources were steered toward the war effort. Following the war, El Paso benefitted from strong demand for natural gas in the growing southwestern United States. As the postwar economy and population boomed, cities throughout the region demanded energy sources to fuel growth and development.

El Paso experienced explosive growth in the late 1940s. Gains during that period were due in part to the completion of a 700-mile pipeline reaching from El Paso's Permian Basin operations to California. El Paso began supplying gas through a 26-inch pipeline and also began construction of new, larger pipelines aimed at the burgeoning California market. As a result of those efforts, El Paso's assets rose from about $23.5 million in 1945 to $285 million in 1950. Meanwhile, sales increased from $9 million to $41 million and net income climbed to a record $9 million in 1950.

During the early 1950s, El Paso continued to post steady gains as demand for its natural gas increased. It built or purchased pipes reaching as far north as Ignacio, a small town in southern Colorado, and continued its westward expansion, bolstering its feeder pipes going to California and increasing sales throughout Arizona and New Mexico. By 1955, El Paso captured nearly $30 million in profits annually from about $180 million in sales. By the early 1960s, those figures had risen to more than $40 million and $400 million, respectively.

El Paso's big gains during the late 1950s were partially attributed to its 1957 acquisition of part of the operations of Pacific Northwest Pipeline Corporation. The acquisition gave El Paso a presence in several western and northwestern states, with pipelines reaching as far as Washington and connecting to other companies' networks in Canada. In addition to geographic expansion, El Paso began to diversify during the 1950s into related oil and chemical businesses. It created El Paso Products Company as a subsidiary to manufacture chemicals from natural gas derivatives. Despite forays into other industries, El Paso remained focused on buying, transporting, and selling natural gas.

After 35 years, El Paso's founder left his chief executive duties during the early 1960s. The company's president, Howard Boyd, replaced Kayser. Kayser had transformed his company from a tiny start-up supplier with 200 miles of pipeline to a $500 million corporation with 20,000 miles of pipe delivering gas throughout the western United States. Throughout his reign, he remained committed to the pragmatic development of natural resources and sound business practices. "There is nothing more vital to our economy than the orderly, wise, and free use of our precious natural resources developed under practical, intelligent conservation policies," Kayser stated in 1954.

El Paso continued to grow at a rapid pace during the late 1960s and early 1970s. Although natural gas industry profits were generally cyclical, El Paso's overall sales and earnings grew during the period. By the early 1970s, El Paso operated one of the nation's largest pipeline systems. It stretched from northern Mexico to the northeast tip of Washington, with extensions throughout the Southwest and reaching into Wyoming, Idaho, and Oregon.

Although federal regulators kept El Paso from operating its own pipes in specified regions, its lines connected with those of other operators to give El Paso access to markets in California, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Nevada. Partly in an effort to minimize its exposure to cyclical gas markets, El Paso diversified during the late 1960s and 1970s. By 1974, non-gas operations contributed about one-third of El Paso's annual $1.3 billion in revenues. The company's largest non-gas division was its petrochemical business, which manufactured a variety of chemicals used in the growing synthetics industry. El Paso also became heavily involved in the fiber and textile industries, particularly nylon, rayon, and other synthetics. Other of El Paso's subsidiaries were involved with mining, gas and oil exploration, insurance, copper wire, and real estate development.

One of El Paso's most intriguing and promising ventures during the 1970s was a venture into liquefied natural gas. In 1969, El Paso reached what it termed a "historic agreement" with Sonatrach, an Algerian national oil and gas company. Under the arrangement, the Algerian company would deliver a billion cubic feet of natural gas in liquid form daily to El Paso Natural Gas. El Paso would then distribute the low-cost gas through its pipeline network. The ambitious project required the construction of a nine-ship fleet of special tankers to be owned and operated by El Paso, as well as the construction of storage terminals on the East Coast and in Algeria. El Paso moved 230 employees to Algeria for the project. Liquified gas deliveries commenced in 1978 and made a significant contribution to El Paso's bottom line.

Although El Paso's liquified gas venture represented an important success during the 1970s, its non-gas-related operations were generally less fruitful. El Paso jettisoned some of those operations and posted losses from major activities like chemical and fiber manufacturing. To make matters worse, El Paso was harmed by a Supreme Court decision in 1974. For several years, federal regulators had been trying to renege on their decision in the late 1950s to allow El Paso to acquire its northern operations. El Paso fought their efforts, but was defeated. In 1974, El Paso was forced to divest the holdings, effectively terminating its natural gas operations north of New Mexico and Arizona.

Despite some setbacks, El Paso managed to sustain long-term growth during the 1970s. Sales dipped following the 1974 divestiture but surged back up to $1.15 billion in 1975, rising to more than $2 billion in 1978. Earnings, however, fluctuated around $50 million to $60 million annually. El Paso's huge revenue gains during the late 1970s reflected turbulence in energy markets.

El Paso benefitted from the Natural Gas Policy Act which was passed in 1978. That act basically allowed El Paso to begin competing with other Texas companies for the purchase of natural gas reserves. El Paso greatly increased its reserves after the act was passed, building up a sizable reserve base near its Permian Basin pipeline operations as well as in other regions of the country. It simultaneously boosted its output capacity to meet the expected surge in demand during the 1980s.

As a result of strong natural gas markets and El Paso's increased output capacity, sales topped $2 billion in 1978, rose past $3 billion in 1980, and then increased to nearly $4 billion in 1981. In 1981, El Paso reported record earnings of $147 million. Unfortunately, El Paso's profit gains were short-lived. During the late 1970s and early 1980s, industry competitors had hustled to boost natural gas output capacity with expectations of strong demand. But a weak economy and a newfound emphasis on energy conservation slowed market growth. Supply outstripped demand in 1982 and natural gas prices dropped. Furthermore, El Paso's chemical businesses suffered major setbacks in 1982. Although El Paso's sales rose to $4.3 billion in 1982, its net income dropped to $53 million.

The El Paso Company, as it became known in the 1970s, ceased to exist as an independent corporation in 1983. The company was purchased by Burlington Northern Inc. and became a 100-percent-owned subsidiary. Burlington was a $9 billion conglomerate active in mineral development, timber and forest products, and rail carrier systems. Although El Paso was experiencing some problems at the time, Burlington viewed the company as an excellent complement to its existing mineral development operations.

The acquisition seemed like a good move, particularly in light of new federal legislation scheduled to take effect during the mid-1980s. The legislation had effectively deregulated certain aspects of the natural gas industry. Prior to the mid-1980s, El Paso, in accordance with the Natural Gas Act of 1938 and the Natural Gas Policy Act of 1978, was in the business of purchasing gas from other producers, transporting the gas, and then selling it to local distribution companies. Its business began to change in 1984. Federal legislation passed in 1984 had a tumultuous effect on prices, transportation, and contractual relationships between customers and suppliers. The net effect was that natural gas industries and markets became more competitive. As a result, El Paso shifted from merchant to distributor during the late 1980s and early 1990s. Rather than owning the natural gas it transported, it simply provided transportation services for a fee charged to the owners and/or buyers.

In the 1980s and early 1990s, El Paso prospered under Burlington's management. Over the next few years, Burlington spun off or sold several of El Paso's nonperforming divisions and streamlined the company's natural gas operations.

In the early 1990s, Burlington changed its business strategy. After shunning the natural gas exploration and production business for several years, it decided to shift its focus to take advantage of a projected upturn in natural gas prices. During the early 1990s, Burlington sold most of its subsidiaries and reinvested the proceeds into natural gas reserves.

Burlington completed the spin-off of El Paso Natural Gas Company on June 30, 1992. William A. Wise was selected to act as president and chief executive of the again-independent El Paso. The 45-year-old Wise had been with El Paso since 1970, working as an attorney and then serving in various management positions. Wise was credited with helping the company make a transition to transport services during the late 1980s and with helping to make El Paso a low-cost industry leader. When El Paso regained its independence, its pipeline consisted of a 20,000 mile network connecting three oil producing regions in Texas, Oklahoma, and New Mexico to buyers primarily in California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas. Sales during 1993, its first full year of operation, topped $900 million, about $90 million of which was net income.

El Paso was in a relatively strong position in its industry going into the mid-1990s. It was the largest supplier of natural gas to the state of California and had successfully changed from merchant to transporter in compliance with new (1992) federal regulations. But it was also facing obstacles. Most notably, the California gas market was becoming glutted, dampening profits in El Paso's most important region. Nevertheless, investors were enthusiastic about El Paso's chances, as evidenced by a doubling of the company's stock price between 1992 and early 1994. El Paso was pinning its long-term hopes on the rapidly expanding Mexican market, to which it had unsurpassed access. It was also engaged in an ambitious effort to vastly increase its access to the northern California natural gas market.

Coastal acquisition, legal troubles, and proxy fight
In 2001, El Paso bought Oscar Wyatt's Coastal Corporation, a diversified energy company. It owned oil refineries, gas stations, and marketed oil, natural gas, and electricity.

On June 26 2003, El Paso agreed to pay $1.45 billion to settle the price gouging case.

In October 2011, Kinder Morgan acquired El Paso Corp. in a $21.1 billion deal.

Tax avoidance
In December 2011, the non-partisan organization Public Campaign criticized El Paso for spending $2.94 million on lobbying and not paying income taxes during 2008-2010, instead getting $41 million in income tax rebates, despite making a profit of $4.1 billion and increasing executive pay by 47%.

Price fixing
On 27 September 2002, the shares of the El Paso Corporation plunged after an administrative law judge at the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission ruled that the company helped illegally drive energy prices to record highs in California between 2000 and 2001 by manipulating gas supplies. El Paso gas trader Todd Geiger was prosecuted by the FERC for falsely making up 48 gas trades. El Paso is now out of the energy trading business.

title: El Paso Corp.


text:
Agustí Cerdà i Argent

Agustí Cerdà i Argent (born 8 December 1965 in Canals, Valencia) is a Spanish politician, president of the minority Catalan nationalist party Republican Left of the Valencian Country since its foundation in September of year 2000. He was a Spanish MP during the 2004 term.

Background
In his youth he was a member of the permanent secretary of the Bloc d'Estudiants Agermanats (Student Brotherhood Block) from 1983 to 1988, and a charter member of the Assemblea d'Estudiants Nacionalistes (Nationalist Students Assembly). In 1985 he entered into the Moviment de Defensa de la Terra (Movement for the Land Defence) and later joined in the Partit Socialista d'Alliberament Nacional (Socialist National Liberation Party of Catalonia), remaining in it until 1993 and entering into its executive. During this period he was one of the founders of the youthful Catalan independentist organization Maulets. In 1987 he was employed by the Fundació Ausiàs March (Ausiàs March Foundation), for the organization of the Premis Octubre, to take care of the classification of 10,000 documents that make up the present file of the Social and Workers' movements, the most important documentary fund on Valencian social and political movements.

Cerdà is a member of the Acció Cultural del País Valencià (Cultural Action of the Valencian Country) since 1984, whom he was manager for from 1992 to 1996. As a part of this task, he coordinated the Casals Jaume I and the parade in Valencia around the civic platform Bloc de Progrés Jaume I.

In 1999 he founded, along with other personalities from the Bloc, the Front pel País Valencià (Front for the Valencian Country), which contested the 2000 Spanish general elections in a joint list with the Republican Left of Catalonia, where he headed the list for the Valencia region, but was not elected. In 2000 July Front pel País Valencià joined in ERC. In September Republican Left of the Valencian Country was created as the union of the Front with ERC. In that foundational congress, Cerdà i Argent was chosen president of Republican Left of the Valencian Country and was also elected member of the national and permanent executive commissions of the party. He was the first in the list for Valencia in the 2003 local Autonomous elections, but again failed to be elected.

Then, at the 2004 Spanish general elections, in which he did not manage to be chosen when obtaining a 0.57% of the votes. In spite of this, he eventually obtained a deputy act since he had also been included in the Republican Left on the Catalonia list for Barcelona, in Catalonia, where the list he was included in did achieve the necessary votes. During his term at the Spanish Congress, he was president of the Commission of Relations with the Ombudsman. In the following Spanish general election he failed to be elected either in the Valencia or Barcelona districts. He remains president of ERPV.

title: Agustí Cerdà i Argent


text:
Brotherhood of Evil

The Brotherhood of Evil is a group of DC Comics supervillains, archenemies of the Doom Patrol, Justice League and Teen Titans.

The Brotherhood of Evil appears in the third season of the HBO Max series Doom Patrol.

Publication history
The Brotherhood of Evil first appeared in Doom Patrol #86 (March 1964) and were created by Arnold Drake and Bruno Premiani.

Origins
The Brotherhood of Evil was founded by the enigmatic villain the Brain. In the beginning, the group's motivation was world domination. It has recently been revealed that Brain's true purpose for the Brotherhood was to destroy Niles Caulder and his "colleagues". Caulder murdered Brain so he could turn the scientist into Robotman without Brain's consent, but his plans were foiled by the Brain's creation, the super-intelligent gorilla Monsieur Mallah. Brain swore revenge against Caulder and his "pets", the Doom Patrol, who like Brain were often victims of experimentation in order to create an army of super-heroes through the ruining of innocent lives (several members were experiments of the Nazi war criminal known as General Zahl).

The original line-up consisted of the Brain, his chief henchman Monsieur Mallah, and their first recruit, the shapeshifter Madame Rouge. They fought the Doom Patrol on a regular basis and were later briefly joined by fellow Doom Patrol villains General Immortus and the alien Garguax. The group also was aided by the clumsy henchman Mr. Morden, who often operated robotic devices for the Brain including a robot called Rog (which was originally built by Niles Caulder).

The group's constant failure to defeat the Doom Patrol combined with the growing romantic attraction between Madame Rouge and Patrol leader Niles Caulder, led to Madame Rouge breaking free of the mental conditioning the Brain used to forcibly recruit her. Rouge quit the Brotherhood to join the Doom Patrol but the Brain quickly recaptured Madame Rouge and rebrainwashed her to make her evil personality dominant. The result backfired horribly on the Brain, as Madame Rouge turned against her evil teammates and launched a missile to destroy the Brain and Mallah.

Now aided by escaped Nazi war criminal Captain Zahl, Madame Rouge captured the members of the Doom Patrol and forced them to choose the horrible death of dying in a nuclear explosion in order to save a small Maine fishing village. The Doom Patrol reluctantly chose death and were apparently killed in the explosion.

Return
Madame Rouge and Zahl (now calling himself "General" Zahl) stayed in hiding for many years, gathering an army of minions for their next big plan, the invasion and conquest of the country of Zandia. Meanwhile, the Doom Patrol had reformed with Robotman as the only surviving original member. Along with Doom Patrol hanger-on Steve Dayton (AKA Mento), the two avoided going after Madame Rouge for the murders of Doom Patrol as they did not want to involve young Doom Patrol member Beast Boy in their vendetta. However, when Beast Boy (now calling himself "Changeling") joined the "New Teen Titans", the two adult Doom Patrol members went after Rouge. Both were defeated: Mento was tortured until he mentally broke down while Robotman was left deactivated and hung as a warning to trespassers outside their headquarters.

The New Teen Titans went looking for Robotman and Mento when Beast Boy had not heard back from them, which ultimately led to conflict with Rouge and Zahl. Surprisingly though, the heroes were aided by the Brain and Mallah and their new version of the Brotherhood of Evil. Brain and Mallah had predicted Rouge's betrayal and went into hiding, leaving decoys that Rouge ultimately destroyed. Rouge and Zahl both died while fighting Beast Boy and Robotman respectively. The Brain's new Brotherhood left the Titans, knowing that they would soon come into conflict.

The Brain and the new Brotherhood of Evil came into conflict with Brother Blood, whose life-restoring blood pits Brain sought to use to prolong his own life. To deal with Brother Blood's inhuman powers, the group repeatedly attacked the Titans in order to kidnap Raven and force her to aid them in defeating Brother Blood. They ultimately succeeded in kidnapping Raven with the Brain's influence and the fear manipulating power of Phobia, briefly turning Raven to the Brotherhood's side. Unfortunately, in doing so, Raven's demonic father Trigon was able to gain control over Raven's body and nearly killed both the Titans and the Brotherhood, if not for the intervention of Donna Troy (who had been teleported outside the battlefield by Warp at the start of the fight).

The Brotherhood resurfaced again in Zandia, months later as the New Teen Titans were in a bitter battle to rescue Raven and team leader Nightwing (who was mind-controlled by Brother Blood while working undercover as Dick Grayson) from Brother Blood's cult. During the battle, Brain and Mallah finally got access to the blood pits of Brother Blood while the Brotherhood captured Jericho and tied him to a lightning rod to force a final showdown with the Titans, which they lost. Meanwhile, a cave-in trapped Mallah and Brain underground, separating them from their team.

Meanwhile, Mr. Morden, now transformed into Mr. Nobody, attempted to reform the Brotherhood in Paris, but eventually decided (having gone basically insane) that the name and focus of the group be changed to reflect the fact that "the universe is a drooling idiot with no fashion sense" - the Brotherhood of Dada was born. The Brotherhood of Dada would fight the Doom Patrol on two separate occasions before being permanently defeated.

Meanwhile, Brain and Mallah made their way to America, without the help of the Brotherhood of Evil. The two broke into the lair of the latest incarnation of Doom Patrol, in order to steal one of Robotman's spare bodies for the Brain. Now with a body, Brain declared his undying love for Mallah just as the spare body exploded (the robot body had gained sentience, a fact the two were unaware of, and had vowed to destroy itself rather than have a human brain inserted into it again).

The rest of the Brotherhood meanwhile rechristened themselves the "Society of Sin" and recruited a new female member named Trinity. This incarnation of the Brotherhood would only exist for one battle with the Titans before the group returned to their existing name and dropped Trinity from its roster.

In The New Titans #97-99, Brain and Mallah apparently returned to the Brotherhood with a shocking new member: Rita Farr, the sole member of the original Doom Patrol who had not came back to life at the time. The return was bittersweet though, as Brain was suffering from severe mental deterioration and Mallah proclaimed that only Mento's new Mento helmet could save the Brain. The group forced Changeling to steal the helmet for them in exchange for Brain helping restore Cyborg's mental capacities (Cyborg had become a brain dead automaton at this point in time). Changeling stole the helmet but quickly changed his mind about giving it to Brain, leading to "Rita Farr" to make her presence known and attack her son from behind while "Mallah" distracted Changeling with energy blast powers that the ape never possessed beforehand. This caused the Brotherhood to realize that the three were not who they claimed to be, leading to Warp escaping and bringing the Titans in to save Changeling and his teammates from the fake Elasti-Girl, Brain, and Mallah. Several weeks later, the three imposters attacked the Titans again and this time, they brought in an army of Titan villains with them, including a doppelganger of Plasma. This time the identities of the villains were revealed: they were energy beings who served a sentient alien computer called Technis which needed to assimilate Cyborg in order to survive.

Brotherhood lives again
The Brotherhood of Evil were not seen during the second half of the 1990s and would not return until 2005, in JSA Classified #1-3. Brain and Mallah themselves were magically resurrected a year prior to this during a Flash tie-in for Identity Crisis, having been revealed to be in jail for quite some time. The two were interrogated by the fifth incarnation of the Teen Titans for the location of Plasmus and Warp, as those two were suspects in the murder of Sue Dibny. It has been implied that the two were resurrected as a result of the same reality altering wave that erased the Doom Patrol from the timeline, resulting in the team only recently being formed by Caulder.

With Madame Rouge's daughter Gemini now a member, the group reunited with Phobia, Mallah, and Brain and joined the Secret Society of Super Villains, under the command of inner circle member Deathstroke. Deathstroke had the group acquire the mass murdering chemical monster Chemo for the Society and in Infinite Crisis #4, dropped the monster onto the city of Blüdhaven. Murdering several million people, the Brotherhood became the most wanted villains in the DC Universe for their act of mass murder. Furthermore, Warp was recruited by the villainous Doctor Psycho to free the murderous Doomsday for the Society as part of the group's final endgame against Earth's heroes.

After the one-year gap, between the end of Infinite Crisis and Teen Titans (vol. 3) #34 (the first issue of Teen Titans after the "One Year Gap") the Brotherhood has gained members "Elephant Man" and "Goldilocks" while losing Phobia, who opted to stay a freelance villain but still kept ties with the Brotherhood.

The Brotherhood then returned to their independent roots and launched a massive crime wave independent of the remains of the Secret Society of Super-Villains. Their goals included cloning a new body for the Brain as well as creating unstable clones of existing super-heroes to sell to third world dictatorships in Africa, putting the team in conflict with the Teen Titans, Doom Patrol, and the Outsiders.

The Brain, Monsieur Mallah, General Immortus, Phobia, Plasmus and Warp were later seen in the Salvation Run mini-series. In Salvation Run #4, the Brain and Mallah are killed by Gorilla Grodd. In the final issue, General Immortus is killed during a battle with Parademons but turned up alive in "Final Crisis Aftermath: Run." Plasmus and Warp are used by Lex Luthor as a power source for a teleportation device, and are seemingly killed when it self-destructs.

The New 52
In September 2011, The New 52 rebooted DC's continuity. In this new timeline, the Brotherhood of Evil is featured as its members Phobia, Plasmus, and Warp are competing against La Dama's agents to obtain the scarab. It ends up in the possession of Jaime Reyes who becomes Blue Beetle. Blue Beetle manages to fight off both villain groups. To ensure that Phobia, Plasmus, and Warp succeed in reclaiming the scarab, a robotic gorilla called Silverback is sent to meet up with them. Silverback warns the three villains that if they fail again, he will be the one who will "clean up the mess".

Membership
Here is a list of the Brotherhood of Evil members:

Brotherhood of Evil

 * The Brain
 * Monsieur Mallah
 * Madame Rouge
 * Garguax
 * General Immortus

Second Brotherhood of Evil/Society of Sin

 * The Brain
 * Monsieur Mallah
 * Phobia
 * Houngan
 * Plasmus
 * Warp
 * Trinity
 * Elasti-Girl - Revealed to be an impostor in The New Titans #103

Third Brotherhood of Evil

 * The Brain
 * Monsieur Mallah
 * Gemini - Revealed in Batgirl #61
 * Houngan
 * Phobia - No longer a member as of Teen Titans (vol. 3) #34
 * Plasmus
 * Warp
 * Elephant Man - Revealed in Teen Titans (vol. 3) #35
 * Goldilocks - Revealed in Teen Titans (vol. 3) #35

Fourth Brotherhood of Evil

 * Phobia
 * Plasmus
 * Silverback
 * Warp

Television

 * The Brotherhood of Evil appear in Teen Titans, consisting of the Brain, Monsieur Mallah, Madame Rouge and General Immortus. Initially fighting the Doom Patrol, they later recruit Doctor Light, Psimon, Cinderblock, Red X, Adonis, Trident, Puppet King, Johnny Rancid, Mumbo, Professor Chang, Plasmus, Angel, Warp, Phobia, Punk Rocket, Killer Moth, Kardiak, XL Terrestrial, Katarou, Atlas, André LeBlanc, Control Freak, Wintergreen, the I.N.S.T.I.G.A.T.O.R., the H.I.V.E. Headmistress, the H.I.V.E. Five, Wrestling Star, Kitten, Fang, Mad Mod, the Witch, Steamroller, Malchior, Mother Mae-Eye, Master of Games, Ding Dong Daddy, Newfu and Bob, Overload, Private H.I.V.E., and Cheshire to help them flash-freeze the "next generation of heroes" around the world. However, they are eventually defeated and flash-frozen themselves by the Teen Titans.
 * The Brotherhood of Evil appears in Doom Patrol, consisting of the Brain and Monsieur Mallah, with Eric Morden and Garguax as former members from the 1940s and Madame Rouge attempting to join them until the Brain betrays her.

Miscellaneous
The Brotherhood of Evil appear in Teen Titans Go!. Additionally, a heroic, alternate universe version of the Brotherhood called the Brotherhood of Justice appear in issue #48, consisting of General Immortus, Doctor Light, Mammoth, Madame Rouge, and Psimon.

title: Brotherhood of Evil


text:
Maryus Jones

Maryus Jones (July 8, 1844 – January 26, 1923) was the mayor of Newport News, Virginia from September 1, 1908 to September 1, 1912. Jones was born in Gloucester County, Virginia at Marlfield Plantation. He was a direct descendant of Roger Jones, who came to Virginia in 1680 with Lord Colepeper. Prior to serving as mayor, he was a colonel in the Confederate Army. He took part in the dedication of a memorial to Confederate soldiers at Greenlawn Cemetery in 1909.

Jones fought in several battles in the American Civil War with the 24th Virginia Cavalry, including the Battle of Saint Mary's Church and the First Battle of Deep Bottom, where he was captured. Following the war, he attended the University of Virginia.

In a retrospective discussion of slavery in the South, Jones stated in a letter that "The great slave owners in no manner resembled what I have read of the barons of the fourteenth century who haughtily received the trembling vassals; on the contrary the old Virginia gentlemen were courteous and polite to all classes, not only to the whites, but to the slaves themselves."

Jones was buried at Abingdon Church, following his death in Newport News. Jones had moved to Newport News in 1899, where in addition to serving as mayor built a law practice and was a prominent Baptist.

title: Maryus Jones


text:
Talk:Hercules Linton

Copyvio?
I'm very concerned about this article. I suspect it's a copyvio from the named source. I've removed bits of extraneous information, but it needs a lot of work. The JPS 16:31, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

Is "cleanup" the right tag then? Shouldn't it just be labelled as a copyvio? --Brownlee 12:31, 31 May 2006 (UTC)

I've google blocks of text and not found any hits anywhere else. Cheers, :) Dlohcierekim   22:50, 25 October 2006 (UTC)

clean up
needs more 18:00, October 25, 2006

 * Could someone specify what kind of things need further cleanup? RJFJR 04:41, 12 November 2006 (UTC)
 * The wording still seems awkward and not well organized. Cheers, :) Dlohcierekim  14:16, 12 November 2006 (UTC)

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as start, and the rating on other projects was brought up to start class. BetacommandBot 05:09, 10 November 2007 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 17:49, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hercules Linton


text:
Heads and Tails (card game)

Heads and Tails is a solitaire card game which uses two decks of playing cards. It is mostly based on luck.

Rules
First, a row of eight cards are dealt; this is the "Heads" row. Then 8 piles of 11 cards are dealt; this is reserve. Below them is another row of eight cards, the "Tails" row.

The object of the game is to free one Ace and one King of each suit and build each of them by suit; the Aces are built up to Kings while the Kings are built down to Aces.

Only the cards on the Heads and Tails rows are available to play on the foundations or on either the Heads or Tails row; the eight piles are used only to fill gaps. The cards on the Heads or Tails rows can be built either up or down by suit; building can change direction, but Aces cannot be built onto Kings and vice versa.

When a gap occurs on either the Heads or the Tails row, it is filled by the top card of the reserve pile immediately below or above it (depending on which row the gap is). But when a gap occurs above or below an empty pile, two different rule sets say the gap is filled with:
 * The top card of the pile to the immediate left of the empty pile (Solsuite, BVS Solitaire Collection)
 * The top card of any other pile. (Pretty Good Solitaire)

The game is won when all cards are built onto the foundations.

title: Heads and Tails (card game)


text:
Moneca Stori

Moneca Stori (born January 17, 1970) is a Canadian former voice actress known mostly for her role as the original voice of Kagome Higurashi in the English version of Inuyasha, as well as her lead role of Laura Haruna from the long running Hamtaro series. She began her career performing for thousands of children in theater for young audience productions and was also seen in the Vancouver TheatreSports' Jessie Award-winning production of Free Willy Shakespeare. Stori is currently retired as an actress.

Filmography

 * Ayakashi: Samurai Horror Tales – Nadeshiko (Tenshu Monogatari segment), additional voices
 * Dragonball Z (Ocean Group Dub) – Videl
 * Elemental Gelade – Arc Aile Rep (Ep. 12)
 * Geronimo Stilton – Pandora Woz (Season 1)
 * Gundam Wing – Sally Po (Eps. 3, 8, 12), Catherine Bloom, additional voices (Eps. 1–13)
 * Hamtaro – Laura Haruna
 * Inuyasha – Kagome Higurashi, additional voices
 * Inuyasha: Feudal Combat – Kagome Higurashi
 * Inuyasha: The Secret of the Cursed Mask – Kagome Higurashi
 * Jin-Roh: The Wolf Brigade – Kei Amemiya
 * Junkers Come Here – Yoko Inoue
 * Maison Ikkoku – Additional voices (Eps. 37–96)
 * Mary-Kate and Ashley in Action! – Additional voices
 * Master Keaton – Additional voices
 * Megaman NT Warrior Axess (TV) – Silk
 * Mobile Suit Gundam: Encounters in Space – Noelle Anderson
 * Monster Rancher – Michelle (Ep. 60)
 * Ranma ½ – Princess Ori, additional voices (Eps. 137–161)
 * Sabrina: Friends Forever – Hilda Spellman
 * Sabrina's Secret Life – Hilda Spellman
 * X-Men: Evolution – Amanda Sefton (Eps. 26-39)

title: Moneca Stori


text:
London station (Ontario)

London station (Gare de London, ) in London, Ontario, Canada is a major interchange for Via Rail trains running from Toronto west to Sarnia and Windsor. The station is a large, modern, wheelchair accessible building on the south end of the city centre, and connects to local public transit bus services.

History

The first passenger station at this site was completed by Great Western Railway (GWR) in 1853. The station continued to serve the London area for the Grand Trunk Railway after the two companies amalgamated in 1882. The original building survived until 1935 when it was torn down to make way for a new station built by the Canadian National Railway.

The first CN station was demolished and gave way to two structures, a three-storey building at 205 York Street (now home to the CN Credit Union) completed in 1963 and the 10-storey CN Tower Building at 197 York Street built in 1969. The latter building, an International-style structure was closed in 2000 as CN staff dwindled and was imploded at 9:15 a.m., on February 4, 2001. During demolition of the 1969 structure and construction of the present station, train services temporarily reverted to the 1963 station. The old credit union building was incorporated into the current station structure after 2001 and remaining site of the old station became a parking lot. The platform area from the previous stations were retained in the new station.

The International Limited was operated jointly by Via Rail and Amtrak between Chicago and Toronto. The service operated from 1982–2004. The current Corridor service maintains the Canadian section of the International route.

From October 18, 2021 until October 2023, GO Transit operated a single daily round trip between Toronto and London on the Kitchener line commuter rail service on weekdays during the peak periods.

title: London station (Ontario)


text:
User:Nackie

Nackie

I came across wikipedia via google and was impressed by the quality. So I've decided to give something back by adding my tiny bit of knowledge where I can.

Contributions, a bit biased towards Sikh articles:
 * Sikh Empire
 * Ranjit Singh
 * Duleep Singh the Black Prince of Perthshire
 * Sher Singh
 * Rani Jindan
 * Kharak Singh
 * Chand Kaur
 * Nau Nihal Singh
 * Amritsar
 * Amritsar district

Legal edits
Wikipedia Wikibooks I've done some anonymous edits to the French and Punjabi wikipedia's too.
 * Mischief rule
 * Law bookshelf
 * European Community Law
 * Common Law Jurisdictions

title: User:Nackie


text:
User talk:Sgtrutter

Welcome
Hello , and welcome to Wikipedia. I hope you like the place and decide to stay.

Your recent article Simon richardson has been marked for deletion. Since Wikipedia is an encyclopedia, there are many types of articles that are simply viewed as not appropriate for Wikipedia. Before spending more time on articles, you may want to review What Wikipedia is not.

Of course, there is nothing wrong with learning to edit by writing articles on you or your friends, but you should do it in the Wikipedia sandbox or on your own user page.

Here are a few more good links for newcomers:
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! -- DS1953 16:33, August 20, 2005 (UTC)

Simon Richardson?
Apologies for the confusion, i've taken the content from the Simon richardson article and put it on your talk page, you can put whatever you like on there, although usually it's about stuff regarding yourself, so if you're not Simon Richardson, you should put other stuff on there. Karmafist 16:45, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sgtrutter


text:
Talk:Mazie Hirono

Hirono was one of four children
Hirono was one of four children; note that the entry says that she was the "only surviving daughter." She had a sister who died of pneumonia at the age of two. All going well someone more familiar with Wikipedia editing policies will be able to document this historical fact without committing the sin of "original research."199.34.95.228 (talk) 03:45, 3 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Mazie Hirono


text:
Mundijong, Western Australia

Mundijong is an outer suburb of the Western Australian capital city of Perth.

Originally named Jarrahdale Junction, it was at the junction of the Rockingham-Jarrahdale line and the government railway line from Perth to Bunbury, which was built in 1893.

At the 2016 census, Mundijong had a population of 1,232.

A town grew up around the junction, and a timber depot, which included a large planing mill, was constructed. The town was first declared as "Manjedal" in 1893 as it was thought to be the Aboriginal name of the area. In 1897 this was found to be incorrect, and the name was changed to Mundijong. It was officially gazetted as a locality on 1 May 1997.

Bus

 * 252 Mundijong to Armadale Station – serves Paterson Street and Soldiers Road
 * 253 Jarrahdale to Armadale Station – serves Watkins Road, Paterson Street and Soldiers Road

title: Mundijong, Western Australia


text:
Peter Nazareth

Peter Nazareth (born 27 April 1940) is a Ugandan-born literary critic and writer of fiction and drama.

Life
Peter Nazareth was born in Uganda of Indian Goan ancestry, and his mother's family was earlier based in Malaya-Malaysia-Singapore. He was educated at Makerere University (Kampala, Uganda), where he received his BA in English Literature in 1962, and at the universities of London and Leeds in England.

While residing in Africa, he simultaneously served as senior finance officer in Idi Amin's finance ministry until 1973, when he accepted a fellowship at Yale University and emigrated to the United States from Uganda.

In academia
He is a professor of English and African-American World Studies at the University of Iowa, where he is also a consultant to the International Writing Program. Nazareth taught that university's course "Elvis as Anthology", which explores the deep mythological roots of Elvis Presley's roles in popular culture. This class on Elvis led to Nazareth being interviewed by a range of publications — The Wall Street Journal, UPI, AP, World News Tonight With Peter Jennings, NBC's The Today Show, ABC Chicago, MTV, Voice of America, National Public Radio, the BBC, and the Cedar Rapids Gazette, among others, according to his cv.

He teaches and has written about African, Caribbean, African-American, Goan, and other literatures. His publications include In the Trickster Tradition: The Novels of Andrew Salkey, Francis Ebejer, and Ishmael Reed (1994); Edwin Thumboo: Creating a Nation Through Poetry (2008); and the long essay "Elvis as Anthology" in Vernon Chadwick (ed.), In Search of Elvis: Music, Race, Art, Religion. Nazareth edited Critical Essays on Ngugi wa Thiong'o (2000) and Pivoting on the Point of Return: Modern Goan Literature (2010). His first novel, In a Brown Mantle (1972), has been taught at the University of Pretoria and by Ngugi wa Thiong’o at U.C. Irvine.

His literary criticisms have often involved observations of the fate of diverse global economic and academic migrants, spanning the Asian, African and black American cultural histories. This includes the Goan diaspora settled in Western countries, the post-Idi Amin Asian emigration from Eastern Africa, and the cultural superstitions of the pre-Obama presidency of American politics. Nazareth has edited a special issue of the journal Callaloo on Goan literature, and an anthology of its literature, and has championed the work of Mozambique-born Goan writer Violet Dias Lannoy.

Family
He has been married to Mary Nazareth for more than 50 years. They have two daughters.

Books

 * In a Brown Mantle, East African Literature Bureau, 1972; Nairobi: Kenya Literature Bureau, 1981.
 * Literature and Society in Modern Africa, East African Literature Bureau, 1972; Kenya Literature Bureau, 1980; published as An African View of Literature, Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1974.
 * Two Radio Plays, East African Literature Bureau, 1976.
 * The Third World Writer: His Social Responsibility, Nairobi: Kenya Literature Bureau, 1978.
 * Literature of the African Peoples, Study Guide for Independent Study with audiotape/CD, Center for Credit Programs, The University of Iowa, 1983.
 * A Feny Fele, Budapest: Europa Publishing House, 1984 (selected essays in Hungarian translation)
 * The General is Up, Toronto: TSAR Books, 1991
 * In the Trickster Tradition: The Novels of Andrew Salkey, Francis Ebejer and Ishmael Reed, London: Bogle-L'Ouverture Press, 1994.
 * Edwin Thumboo: Creating a Nation Through Poetry, Singapore: Interlogue Series Vol. 7, Ethos Books, 2008.

Ebooks

 * Re-Membering Singapore.
 * Elvis -- Rewriting the World through Multicultural Movies.

Edited anthologies

 * African Writing Today, special issue of Pacific Quarterly Moana, Hamilton, New Zealand: Outrigger Publishers, Vol. 6, No. 3/4, 1981.
 * Goan Literature: A Modern Reader, issue of the Journal of South Asian Literature, East Lansing: Michigan State University, 1983.
 * Critical Essays on Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o, New York: G.K. Hall, 2000.
 * Uganda South Asians Exodus: Kololian Perspectives (co-edited), University of Toronto, 2002.

title: Peter Nazareth


text:
Talk:William S. Richardson School of Law

Untitled

 * Aloha! I am es282 and I work for the William S. Richardson School of Law. With WP:COI#Declaring_an_interest in mind, I declare I am here to contribute information that will improve the quality of this page and all Wikipedia pages. I am aware of WP:PG and I abide by them. If you want to contact me, please leave a message on my talk page. Mahalo! Es282 (talk) 18:27, 29 October 2011 (UTC)


text:
Archibald Leitch

Archibald Keir Leitch (27 April 1865 – 25 April 1939) was a Scottish architect, most famous for his work designing football stadiums throughout Great Britain and Ireland.

Early work
Born in Glasgow, Leitch's early work was on designing tea factories in Deltota in the former Kandyan Kingdom of Ceylon, as well as factories in his home city and in Lanarkshire, the sole surviving example of which being the category A listed Sentinel Works at Jessie Street, Polmadie, south of Glasgow city centre. In 1896 he became a member of the Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland, and later of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. He moved into stadium design when he was commissioned to build Ibrox Park, the new home ground of his boyhood heroes Rangers, in 1899.

Stadium design
Leitch's stadiums were initially considered functional rather than aesthetically elegant, and were clearly influenced by his early work on industrial buildings. Typically, his stands had two tiers, with criss-crossed steel balustrades at the front of the upper tier, and were covered by a series of pitched roofs, built so that their ends faced onto the playing field; the central roof span would be distinctly larger, and would incorporate a distinctive pediment.

His first project in England was the design and building of the John Street Stand at Bramall Lane, which provided 3,000 seats and terracing for 6,000 and was dominated by a large mock-Tudor press box.

Leitch's reputation as an architect was damaged as a result of the Ibrox disaster of 1902, when 25 people were killed when a bank of wooden terracing collapsed due to substandard pine being used in the terraces. Leitch, in attendance at the disaster, convinced Rangers to hire him to build the replacement stand. Leitch patented a new form of strengthening terraces for the Ibrox rebuild. Over the next four decades he became Britain's foremost football architect. In total he was commissioned to design part or all of more than 20 stadiums in the UK and Ireland between 1899 and 1939, including:

 * Anfield, Liverpool
 * Arsenal Stadium, Highbury, London
 * Ayresome Park, Middlesbrough
 * Bramall Lane, Sheffield
 * Cardiff Arms Park, Cardiff
 * Celtic Park, Glasgow
 * Craven Cottage, Fulham, London
 * Dalymount Park, Dublin, Ireland
 * Deepdale, Preston
 * The Old Den, New Cross, London
 * Dens Park, Dundee
 * The Dell, Southampton
 * Ewood Park, Blackburn
 * The Double Decker stand (The Kop), Filbert Street, Leicester
 * Fratton Park, Portsmouth
 * Goodison Park, Liverpool
 * Hampden Park, Glasgow
 * Home Park, Plymouth
 * Hyde Road Football Stadium, Manchester (General ground improvements 1911–1914 and a planned complete rebuild of the ground to accommodate 100,000; war broke out, bringing a halt to these plans)
 * Ibrox Park, Glasgow
 * Hillsborough Stadium, Sheffield
 * Lansdowne Road, Dublin, Ireland
 * Leeds Road, Huddersfield
 * Molineux, Wolverhampton
 * Old Trafford, Trafford, Greater Manchester
 * Park Avenue, Bradford
 * Pittodrie Stadium, Aberdeen
 * Roker Park, Sunderland
 * Rugby Park, Kilmarnock
 * Saltergate, Chesterfield
 * Selhurst Park, South Norwood, London
 * Somerset Park, Ayr
 * Stamford Bridge, Fulham, London
 * Stark's Park, Kirkcaldy
 * Twickenham Stadium, Twickenham, London
 * Tynecastle Park, Edinburgh
 * Valley Parade, Bradford (Midland Road stand and other extensions)
 * Villa Park, Birmingham
 * West Ham Stadium, Custom House, Newham, London
 * White Hart Lane, Tottenham, London
 * Windsor Park, Belfast, Northern Ireland

Many of his works have since been demolished for redevelopment, especially in wake of the Taylor Report and the move to all-seater stadiums. For instance, the Trinity Road Stand at Villa Park, considered his masterpiece, was demolished in 2000. The main stand and pavilion at Craven Cottage, the facade of the main stand at Ibrox (although the stand itself has been remodelled) and the Bullens Road and Gwladys Street stands at Goodison Park survive; they are now listed buildings, as was the Leitch-designed main stand at Heart of Midlothian's Tynecastle Park; however, in 2016 permission was granted for that structure to be demolished and replaced.

title: Archibald Leitch


text:
Talk:Waikīkī Aquarium

Use of native languages
While it is important to recognize regional and cultural distinctions, it is not appropriate to use native Hawaiian spelling in this article. These are the reasons:

1) The Waikiki Aquarium itself does not use native spelling on its Web page.

2) Spelling doesn't match the Wiki article title.

3) Common English dictionaries do not include native spelling, even as an alternative.

4) Uncommon spellings may confuse readers.

5) Words and concepts from foreign cultures usually do not include diacritical marks from native languages. Were this to be done in every case, it would make article creation difficult, and legibility reduced to the point of not displaying on many readers' monitors correctly.

6) Words with diacritical marks do not necessarily conjugate according to the guidelines of either language. E.g., if Hawaii, then Hawaiian? Hawaiiesque? Hawaiinized?

7) Using native languages leads to politically charged confrontations about "ownership" of property and cultural legacies inappropriate to an encyclopedia.

67.169.127.166 (talk) 09:42, 29 April 2008 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 10:08, 30 April 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified (January 2018)
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title: Talk:Waikīkī Aquarium


text:
Talk:East–West Center

Untitled
Yes, Hale Manoa should be merged into East-West Center. Joel (talk) 08:26, 11 June 2009 (UTC)

Merge carried out by User:P199. Alvin Seville (talk) 17:34, 22 January 2010 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
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title: Talk:East–West Center


text: Talk:University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa

title: Talk:University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa


text:
Ali II of Yejju

Ali II of Yejju (c. 1819 – c. 1866) was Ras of Begemder and the de facto ruler of the Ethiopian Empire. He was a member of a powerful Welo dynasty known as the Yejju, which ruled much of the Ethiopian Empire during the Zemene Mesafint.

Appointment as ruler
In July 1831, after the death of his cousin, Ras Dori, Ali was appointed Ruler of Begemder and Imperial Regent at the age of 12 in a meeting of the chief nobles of the Yejju Oromo at the dynastic capital of Debre Tabor. As Ali was a minor, a council of regents was appointed from these nobles. However, his mother, Menen Liben Amede, soon came to control this council and exerted much influence over political decisions for the next decade.

Ras Ali was officially a Christian but some of his contemporaries doubted the sincerity of his faith and suspected that he was a secret Muslim. Some modern scholars consider him as indifferent to religion as he was to the problems of ruling his portion of Ethiopia, although Trimingham observes that he attempted to revive the cult of Ahmad Gragn by requiring pilgrimages to his tomb. In any case, the morale of the Ethiopian Church reached its lowest point in the 1840s and 1850s.

For much his reign Ras Ali was constantly at war, either putting down rebellions in his core territories, or defending his territory from rival lords. In one of these continual campaigns, Ras Ali II plundered the imperial capital, Gondar, in 1838.

Ras Ali made Sahle Dengel Emperor in 1832, but the clergy of Azazo disapproved of the new Emperor's religious beliefs, and convinced Ras Ali to remove him. Sahle Dengel was sent to Zengaj, and Ras Ali recalled Gebre Krestos from the island of Mitraha in Lake Tana, and restored him as Emperor. However, Gebre Krestos died after three months, and Sahle Dengel met with Ras Ali in the village of Tsagur where he convinced Ras Ali to restore him to the throne once again (October, 1832).

Marriage
Ras Ali married Hirut, the daughter of Dejazmach Wube Haile Maryam, lord of Semien and of Tigray; when he placed her in the church of Mahdere Maryam for her safety before the Battle of Debre Tabor (6 February 1842), his opponents violated the refuge of the church and kidnapped her. Their only daughter Tewabech was married 1848 to Kassa Hailu of Qwara, who in 1854 proclaimed himself a Negus. They had no surviving issue.

End of reign
Although his reign was punctuated by recurrent rebellions, Ali managed to keep all of the major lords subject to his rule until the final years. Shiferaw Bekele asserts that "it is to his credit" that there were only two major wars while he was Ras Bewodded: the Battle of Debre Tabor in 1842, and Kassa Hailu's successful offensive in 1852/1853.

Future events were foreshadowed in October, 1846, when Kassa Hailu defeated detachments of Empress Menen's army at two separate battles in Dembiya; at the time, Ras Ali was away in Gojjam attempting to subdue the province's warlord, Birru Goshu, and unable to assist his mother. Kassa defeated the army of Empress Menen the following year on 18 June at Iloha, and took both Menen and her husband the former Emperor Yohannes III captive, forcing Ras Ali to negotiate their release. After three months, in return for making Kassa dejazmach over Dembiya, north of Lake Tana, the Empress and her powerless husband were released. Dejazmach Kassa later reconciled himself to Ras Ali in 1849, and Kassa remained loyal to Ali for the next three years.

However, the relationship between the two eventually deteriorated. Following a series of stunning victories by Kassa, Ali II was decisively defeated by his son-in-law Dejazmach Kassa (who later assumed the throne name of Tewodros II) in the Battle of Ayshal on 29 June 1853, and he lost both the regentship and his territories. At first, Ali fled to safety at a local church, then a few days later fled to the territories of his kinsmen in Wollo province, where he disappeared from history. Both Proutky and Trimingham give the date of 1866 for his death, without further details.

title: Ali II of Yejju


text:
California State Route 150

State Route 150 (SR 150) is a state highway in the U.S. state of California. It runs from U.S. Route 101 near the Ventura/Santa Barbara County line to State Route 126 in Santa Paula, providing a connection to Lake Casitas and Ojai. It is a two-lane road. There were some one-lane bridges near the western end of the route, but these were rebuilt to be two-lane bridges after flooding in 2005.

Route description

The western terminus is at US 101 in eastern Carpinteria. It climbs above the Pacific Ocean to reach the mountains west of Lake Casitas. The portion of the road between US 101 and Lake Casitas is called Casitas Pass Road, and the portion between Lake Casitas and Ojai is called Baldwin Road. However, this part of the road is rural and is not used as a primary thoroughfare. SR 33 is recommended to reach Ojai from U.S. 101. SR 150 joins SR 33 (Maricopa Highway) near Meiners Oaks and remains co-signed with the route into the Ojai city limits, where it is known as Ojai Avenue. It runs southeast on Ojai-Santa Paula Road and serves as the major connector between the cities of Ojai and Santa Paula, running past Thomas Aquinas College. In Santa Paula, it becomes 10th Street and ends at an interchange with SR 126.

The other names of Route 150 include Rincon Road (starts at U.S. Route 101 and ends at State Route 192), Casitas Pass Road (starts at Route 192 and ends at Santa Ana Road near Lake Casitas), Baldwin Road (starts at Santa Ana Road and ends at the south junction with Route 33), Ventura Avenue (co-signed with Route 33), Ojai Avenue (starts at the north junction with Route 33 and ends at Reeves Road, approximately one mile east of the east limit of Ojai), Santa Paula/Ojai Road (starts at Reeves Road and ends at the north limit of the City of Santa Paula), Ojai Road (starts at the north limit of Santa Paula and ends at Santa Paula Street in Santa Paula) and 10th Street (starts on Santa Paula Street in Santa Paula and ends at Route 126).

SR 150 south of the outer Ojai city limits is part of the National Highway System, a network of highways that are considered essential to the country's economy, defense, and mobility by the Federal Highway Administration. This route is eligible for the State Scenic Highway System, but it is not officially designated as a scenic highway by the California Department of Transportation.

History
The route was opened in 1897. Before the construction of US 101, it was part of the main highway between Los Angeles and Santa Barbara. Originally, State Route 150 followed the alignment of State Route 192 through the Santa Barbara foothills and climbed up San Marcos Pass via the present-day route of State Route 154 before heading west on State Route 246, passing through Santa Ynez, Solvang, and Buellton and ending in Lompoc at State Route 1 (Cabrillo Highway). The only current remnants of that routing are at the mileage signs for westbound State Route 150, which have the control city as Santa Barbara west of Santa Paula, even though SR 150 currently ends 12 mi east of the city.

A portion of the route between Santa Paula and Ojai was closed indefinitely by a landslide in February 2024 following a significant rain storm. Clean up and the reopening of the section from Stonegate Road in Santa Paula to Steckel Park, north of the city, was delayed due to the risk of triggering additional slides that could damage nearby homes or utility lines.

title: California State Route 150


text:
Committee on Rural Economy, Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Environment

The Committee on Rural Economy Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment is one of the ten Permanent Committees of the Pan-African Parliament. Functions of the committee:

 * Consider the development of common regional and continental policies in the agricultural sector.
 * Assist the Parliament to oversee and assist with the harmonisation of policies for rural and agricultural development and promote the development policy and the implementation of programmes of the Union relating of natural resources and environment.

The Chairperson of the Committee is Malik Hussein from Sudan.

Louis Chimango from Malawi is Deputy Chairperson.

Diop Hamdi Kalidou from Mauritania is Rapporteur.