text:
Talk:Purpose Driven

Major Update
This entry has generated some conflict and I've been meaning to update it for some time. It seemed to be a conglomeration of information and not focused on the subject. As you will see, I've moved a couple sections to entries that specifically discuss that subject. For example, references to Rick Warren has been moved to Rick Warren. I have endeavored to make the writing of this entry more "encyclopedic" in style. While obviously biased to the subject matter, I want to uphold Wiki standards of NPOV, BLP, COI, etc. I trust I have done this correctly. If not, I am open to correction and learning to do it the right way.

One last comment, I know there is the propensity by some for criticism of Rick and the movement of churches he has generated. While there is certainly room for criticism, I ask that this section not be used for opinions - those belong in the blogoshpere. As someone has suggested, there could be a section for critics and supporters. However, I would hope we could keep this as a simple encyclopedia entry. CarverM (talk) 23:46, 5 January 2008 (UTC)

 * I like your thinking. A problem with sections for criticisms and defenses is that they tend to make an article read like a confused man arguing with himself, and the encyclopedic tone suffers. Also they tend to become too detailed (as the argument of the criticism/defense is explained) and the quality of the references is often not as high because they often come from that same blogosphere you mentioned.
 * It is probably worth mentioning in the article, though, that Rick Warren and the Purpose Driven brand are seen as controversial by a section of the church community. I see this as a notable and encyclopedic fact. Of course it would have to be done completely neutrally so as not to spark the debate within the article, and would need a good quality, non-inflammatory reference. BreathingMeat (talk) 19:49, 21 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Any chance you could write up something that was encyclopedic but didn't need a reference? The problem with trying to use a reference for this particular issue is that most of the criticism comes from single bloggers, most of them from the very conservative fundamental expression of the church body. CarverM (talk) 00:32, 22 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Well, we shouldn't add unsourced statements to Wiki. Yes, most of the criticism comes from blogs and other such low-quality refs, so I'd be looking for a more academic type ref that simply notes that there is controversy, rather than taking a position on the issue. I'll see what I can find. BreathingMeat (talk) 20:18, 22 January 2008 (UTC)

 * I'm not clear why you put the no citation notice on the article. The "source" is the teaching in the book The Purpose Driven Church.  What else is needed? CarverM (talk) 23:40, 20 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Since the question above has not been answered, I have removed the citation until someone can provide a policy reason for it being there. CarverM (talk) 00:33, 3 August 2008 (UTC)

Criticism
While not opposed to a section devoted to honest criticism, the section as it stood was all opinion and no specific citations given for criticism. If criticism is to be allowed it should be specific and supported by definitive argument. Otherwise, write a blog; Wikipedia is an encyclopedia. Therefore I deleted the section. Revrac (talk) December 29, 2008

 * Someone, unidentified, keeps undoing my removal of the Criticism section. Again, I'm not against having a criticism section but this one does not conform to Wikipedia policies. Specifically: weasel words, verifiability WP:V, and biographies of living persons WP:BLP.  If a reviewer wants to insert a viable critique, fine, but not this one.  It represents a minority view, it is not cited except by minor, minor blog writers and it is slanderous. Revrac (talk) 15:45, 30 December 2007 (UTC)

 * Sorry, that was me. I made a post to this page but for some reason it didn't get posted. As for the criticism section, there is no way to know if it represents a minority position. This page is not a biography of a living person and the sources are not " minor, minor blog writers". A quick Google search shows that the authors of the articles are at least somewhat known. Two of the authors have Wikipedia pages of their own. I would also like to see what is slanderous about the sources, because I didn't see anything. SirBob42 (talk) 08:57, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

 * This page is being treated like a biography of a living person as the bloggers are attacking a person, not an idea. Purpose Driven is an idea and this section should be on just that, not on Rick Warren.  Maybe somebody can change this section to reflect such.  My slander comment is just that.  If you read some of the bloggers sites they are simply giving their opinion.  And, mostly taking issues out of context.  Again, if someone wants to put in a valid criticism, cited and discussed, then fine.  I'm sure there are thousands of supporters who could also post an opinion.  But, what good would that do?  This is an encyclopedia and it should be kept clear and concise with verifiable sources. Revrac (talk) 16:42, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

Why does this wikipedia article state that this makes pastors more effective? Is it a commercial for the book? I changed that to something more objective. And NO, I'm not a Christian or any other kind of bible thumper arguing against this concept.173.55.18.114 (talk) 23:37, 24 March 2013 (UTC)

Better to edit the page to Wikipedia standards than to delete it altogether. --Jpaff 21:09, 19 April 2006 (UTC)

Unsourced
So I've added an unsourced banner to this page. There aren't any references in the article at all, despite chunks of presumably quoted text appearing here. There are also many apparently factual statements regarding publication dates and Warren's teaching. There are also a number of more vague claims like "To be “purpose driven” is to be driven by God’s purposes, not our own" and "(The Purpose Driven Life) eventually became one of the best-selling books in history" - these should be replaced with tangible facts and substantiated with references. I'd do these things myself rather than uglying up the article with a banner, but I no longer own any of Warren's books so could not do a very good job of it. BreathingMeat (talk) 19:34, 20 February 2008 (UTC)

 * I'm not clear why you put the unsourced notice on the article. The "source" is the teaching in the book The Purpose Driven Church.  What else is needed? CarverM (talk) 23:42, 20 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Firstly, if this information is sourced from that book, it should be referenced as such. Secondly, the book The Purpose Driven Church is a Primary Source which makes it not as good for referencing as a secondary source, and are more open to attacks of Original Research. Thirdly, I strongly doubt that The Purpose Driven Church can substantiate the article's claim that The Purpose Driven Life is "one of the best-selling books in history". This and numerous other statements in the article need to be referenced or they are not reliable. BreathingMeat (talk) 00:42, 21 February 2008 (UTC)

 * I see what you mean. I will figure out how to better substantiate the information.  Just FYI, in actuality it is one of the best selling single books in history.  Just in English the book has sold well over 40 million copies.  The book is available in over 65 languages and is on the way to over 100 translations. In most of the languages it is a best selling book. CarverM (talk) 15:19, 21 February 2008 (UTC)

Wider meaning
The term "purpose driven" extends beyond the religious or theological context that is presented here. The purpose of this article seems to border on the proselyting of new converts. I suggest shortening the material, using a neutral tone, and merging the article with a broader topic. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 63.226.104.225 (talk) 22:01, 12 March 2008 (UTC)
 * The purpose of this article is to describe the Purpose Driven brand helmed by Rick Warren. There are other uses of the term "Purpose Driven" and if and when they get Wikipedia articles, they should be disambiguated from this one. The purpose of this article certainly is not to proselytise, but to neutrally present the beliefs espoused in literature published under the Purpose Driven brand. Not so that readers may take up the beliefs themselves, but simply to describe them. If you believe that non-neutral statements are being made, please provide specific examples here, or feel free to be bold and re-word or remove them yourself! BreathingMeat (talk) 22:48, 12 March 2008 (UTC)
 * I agree with BreathingMeat. This article simply presents the meaning behind a term that is becoming somewhat branded (though this is not the original intent) as Purpose Driven.  With these words being in the title of two books that have sold well over 40 million copies in over 60 languages worldwide, the title of conferences and seminars delivered all over the world, it is well known in Christendom.  Therefore, for people outside of the Christian worldview or those Christians who want to know more definitively what being "purpose driven" is about, this article attempts to be an encyclopedic information source.  It is no more than that.  If you think there are proselytising phrases here, point them out and we'll certainly try to say it better. CarverM (talk) 22:59, 12 March 2008 (UTC)

I also agree that "purpose driven" should be expressed more openly. The article should not claim that the TERM was first used by Warren, but maybe something along the lines of the TERM, in the modern, religious, has been coined by Warren, but not the term in general. Warren was the first to use a term/phrase in the sense he has, but the actual term/phrase has been around for a long, long time. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 129.133.141.156 (talk) 17:59, 25 January 2009 (UTC)
 * I have made my attempt to establish context. "Purpose Driven" has been trademarked by Warren and it is within this context that the article discusses the term. BreathingMeat (talk) 02:27, 27 January 2009 (UTC)
 * I think that is a good addition. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 129.133.141.156 (talk) 05:42, 7 February 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Purpose Driven


text:
Talk:Clay City, Indiana

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title: Talk:Clay City, Indiana


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Numismatics/Participants

{| style="padding:15px 15px 15px;background:#fff;border-style:solid;border-width:0.1px;border-color:#88a;text-align:justify;width:100%;"
 * valign="top"|

Participants

 * Johann Wolfgang-21:46, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Joe I 01:54, August 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * --chris.lawson 04:10, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * --Kurthalomieu J. McCool 05:25, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Tito xd (?!?) 17:43, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * [[Image:Flag of Austria.svg|15px]] ナイトスタリオン ✉ 09:49, 19 October 2005 (UTC)
 * User:Enlil Ninlil 14:36 20 October 2005
 * TantalumTelluride 19:49, 22 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Qwertypoiuy 15:05, 28 October 2005 (UTC)
 * mom2jandk 12:25, 07 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Markkawika 09:51, 22 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Dove1950 14:00, 23 November 2005 (UTC)
 * --Flafla89 09:15, 26 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Paul 23:06, 5 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Chochopk 04:38, 15 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Zntrip 05:00, 9 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Doodoggy
 * --Last Avenue 00:37, 6 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Spacetimecont 10:35, 17 January 2006 (UTC)
 * User:ARIG@ele-14:52, 4 March 2006
 * Icelandic Hurricane 15:46, 5 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Astrokey44 |talk 12:04, 7 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Keeleysam 21:38, 7 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Bobby 01:55, 16 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Heritagecoinshop 15:50, 26 April 2006 (UTC)
 * ~Linuxerist [[Image:Tux.svg|15px]][[Image:Nuvola apps emacs.png|15px]] E/L/T
 * cholmes75 (chit chat) 02:00, 3 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Timur talk 26th Aug. 2006
 * RgoNaut 17:59, 22 September 2006 (UTC)
 * JAYMEDINC October 7th, 2006
 * Reywas92 20:51, 16 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Carlo Morino aka zi' Carlo 09:44, 20 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Askari Mark | Talk 19:31, 21 November 2006 (UTC)
 * TBC Φ talk?  14:28,
 * IAmTheCoinMan20 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Chris.B 22:12, 20 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Daniel32708 18:12, 21 January 2007 (UTC)Daniel32708
 * A2Kafir 23:52, 7 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Dragon's Wish 15:47, 5 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Eloil 21:23, 14 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Theeuro 07:29, 9 April 2007 (UTC)
 * KatKiller 12:09, 9 April 2007 (UTC)
 * ROASTY TOAST  23:14, 17 May 2007 (UTC)
 * --Ernesto Linares 23:14, 13 June 2007 (UTC)
 * rzafar
 * Mario 1987 13:51, 14 November 2008 (UTC)
 * Bewareofdog 03:50, 25 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Tarcus 21:50, 20 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Nlvwarren 21:33, 12 December 2007 (UTC)
 * User:AdmRiley 14:13, 18 December 2007 (UTC)
 * User:Andrew Kidman 16.52, 22 December 2007 (UTC)
 * --Juthani1 (talk) 22:32, 3 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Xenon54 20:59, 10 March 2008 (UTC)
 * 09:46, 28 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Brigade Piron (talk) 18:29, 11 November 2012 (UTC)
 * Sfbart (talk) 19:32, 5 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Miguel.mateo (talk) 05:04, 24 June 2008 (UTC)
 * melitikus (talk) 06.45, 25 June 2008 (UTC)
 *  E  E 14:00, 30 June 2008 (UTC)
 * User:LGF1992UK
 * Lordoliver †
 * --Marianian (talk) 21:02, 27 November 2008 (UTC)
 * Yuricle (talk) 17:07, 15 December 2008 (UTC)
 * The  Seeker 4   Talk  14:09, 30 January 2009 (UTC)
 * Pbarnhart (talk) 23:00, 13 February 2009 (UTC)
 * TimeCurrency (talk) 06:48, 8 March 2009 (UTC)
 * Louis Do Nothing (talk) Louis Do Nothing (talk) 19:41, 29 March 2009 (UTC)
 * SchnitzelMannGreek (SchnitzelMannGreek)-intrested and I collect foreign currency. I already created this article--2,000 Romanian Lei Note16:11, 2 July 2009 (UTC)
 * Rak-Tai
 * Tonxxx(talk) Hello! I would like to join your community. I'm collecting coins of countries that I've visited, and interested in Numismatics. Thanks!
 * Whoosit (talk) 17:19, 20 August 2009 (UTC): Novice coin collector & member of the Guild of Copy Editors. Especially interested in helping with project articles in need of copy editing.
 * 01:23, 26 December 2009 (UTC)
 * 17:47, 17 November 2010
 * RHM22 (talk) 01:52, 30 November 2010 (UTC)
 * Stidmatt (talk) 1:45, 24 August 2011 (UTC)
 * – Plarem (User talk contribs) 19:55, 15 October 2011 (UTC)
 * 🇺🇸 🇷🇴 17:25, 28 January 2012 (UTC) - Interested in ancient coins, especially Dacian, Roman, Greek, Celtic
 * Crinoidgirl16:30, 27 June 2012 (UTC)
 * BrandonBigheart (talk) 15:43, 6 October 2012 (UTC) - Specialize in high resolution and high quality numismatic photography. Happy to help with any coin images for pieces that I own or can get my hands on to image.
 * Krenakarore TK - Historical info, article layout, nums researcher
 *  Cdtew  (talk) 22:25, 15 January 2013 (UTC), interested in early United States coins, obsolete currency, and the coins and currency of the 18th-20th century Caribbean.
 * Godot13 (talk) 05:54, 10 February 2013 (UTC)
 * Eatmark (talk) 11:45, 22 March 2013 (UTC)
 * Chuy1530 (talk) 20:07, 24 February 2014 (UTC)
 * Retroplum (talk) 19:00, 9 April 2014 (UTC)
 * Clarkefreak ∞ 00:41, 9 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Quinto Simmaco (talk) 07:38, 11 March 2016 (UTC)
 *  Mark D Worthen PsyD  talk 04:40, 5 September 2016 (UTC) U.S. coins.
 * —Gordon P. Hemsley→ ✉ 16:22, 25 November 2016 (UTC)
 * Tsange ☯ Talk 22:12, 8 April 2017 (UTC)
 * --Donald Trung (talk) 05:18, 5 July 2017 (UTC)
 * Pmt (talk) 18:12, 9 October 2017 (UTC)

 * Visvajit (talk) 23:54, 30 April 2018 (UTC)
 * Australian Coin Information (talk) 20:48, 4 November 2018 (UTC)
 * ZLEA Talk\ Contribs 18:09, 7 February 2019 (UTC)
 * Xinbenlv (talk) 06:21, 3 June 2019 (UTC)
 * AussieCoinCollector (talk) 03:13, 13 January 2021 (UTC) - Specialised in Australian Currency
 * Stratocaster47 (talk) 14:53, 17 December 2021 (UTC)
 * Buffalo Nickel 1913 Type 1 Obverse.png Eejit43 (talk) 13:05, 28 September 2022 (UTC)
 * Valethske (talk) 00:36, 11 April 2023 (UTC)
 * RadioactiveBoulevardier (talk) 04:15, 24 May 2023 (UTC)
 * OskarASMR (talk) 🏴 🇩🇪 04:10, 16 September 2023 (BST)
 * INFOWeather1 (talk) 16:03, 6 November 2023 (UTC)
 * Midnight Citian (talk) 23:09, 26 January 2024 (UTC)
 * 🥒 BONTENGERS  🥒 (🔔) I like Money creation United States dollar 17:36, 31 May 2024 (UTC)

Personal Interests
{| style="padding:15px 15px 15px;background:#fff;border-style:solid;border-width:0.1px;border-color:#88a;text-align:justify;width:100%;" Note: I'm adding this section. I feel with the scope of this project it would be a good idea if others were to know which way we lean and where each other is strongest for peer reviews, corroberation and the like. Say whatever you want, interests, experience, collections, goals, acheivements. Joe I 19:58, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * valign="top"|
 * Hi, I'm Joe I. I'm newly converted into numismatics after a life of wishing I could.  Now I know I can.  My interests lie in US historicals(for the beauty and historical values), and current high end bullions from various countries.  I prefer to deal in paper currency, although confederate doesn't interest me (I'm a southern boy). I have been enamored with 1860's-1940's coins as of late.  Seated liberty, Morgan, and Peace designs are gorgous.  Johann Wolfgang has actually piqued my interest in ancients, which I'm starting to look at, and the Euro has been calling to me for years.  Well, maybe to much, I dunno.  Anyways, I'll be around for awhile, and I need lots of help with wikitext as I have no experience with html or such.  Feel free to drop a line or ask a question.  Joe I 19:58, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm glad to see that this WikiProject has returned. I collect U.S. and Confederate coins and currency. --TantalumTelluride 20:16, 22 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I am a hobbyist, coin collector who specializes in 20th Century US Coins and also US Type Coins. I am new to this Wikipedia thing but see a lot of improvement that could be done to the US side of the various Numismatics articles. I am a decent writer but a pretty good researcher and will see if I can work in this environment. As someone who has created some internet coin information on my own websites and various forums over the years, I am not used to editors, especially not a multitude of them. ;) My library is extensive and I have a good pulse on the US side of the hobby as it currently is from both a collector and investor standpoint. --Qwertypoiuy

 * I am a collector of circulated world coins. I have no time for the hobby now, and probably not much time to work on wikipedia either. I'm new around here, and think it's amazing how much information is already here. I've found lots of stuff already that I would've loved to have access to a couple of years ago when I was actively collecting. If someone else did some organizing/planning, I could probably find some time to pull some of the stuff that's already out there into the new structure. --mom2jandk

 * I am a British Commonwealth specialist collector. If you want to know what I collect, please take a look at my profile. - (Aidan Work 01:30, 11 November 2005 (UTC))

 * Count me in. I don't have a coin collection, but I'm very interested in getting started, and I am a bold Wikipedia editor :).  Markkawika 09:52, 22 November 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm a collector of world coins, post Matthew Boulton. I have a particular interest in numismatic history and have started expanding Wikipedia's articles on historical currencies, since Wikipedia is increasingly the first hit thrown up by search engines. I'm new to Wikipedia, so all advice is welcome. Dove1950

 * Might as well write something down here: I'm not a collector per se, though I do collect the €2 commemorative coin issues (working on an article about them which will hopefully be way better than the piecemail distribution over the different country articles). I'm mostly interested in currencies, especially currency changes, currency unions, and so on. [[Image:Flag of Austria.svg|15px]] ナイトスタリオン ✉ 14:18, 23 November 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm a modest belgium collector of world coins. I've already made some works on the french Wikipédia to improve items on euro coins (standard coins, 2 EUR commemorative coins, collection coins), other europeans coins (Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, Germany, Norway, etc), medieval coins (Louis, Deniers, etc). I would like to have 24 hour a day to improve items. As it is not possible, I can find a few hours per month --Flafla89 09:25, 26 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Numismatist for approx. 15 of 21 years as well as an economics and history buff. Creator of the controversial One dollar Federal Reserve Note article. Hope it stays but will abide by consensus. Great to see there's a project devoted to numismatics. Paul 23:06, 5 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Unlike most people here, I collect banknotes. The reason I prefer banknotes over coins is because there is to much more to tell from a banknote than a coin. I'm also a computer scientist, therefore it is natural that I like to have things done in a programmatic, table style, rather than text. So I'd like to see more templates and uniform styles across currency articles. --Chochopk 05:38, 15 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, I'm not realy intrested in coins as much as currencies, like Nightstallion (ナイトスタリオン), "especially currency changes" and stuff like that. But I'll do what ever I can to help out. Zntrip 05:00, 9 January 2006 (UTC)

 * My name is Kevin, I've been away for awhile and therefore haven't been able to contribute enough, I want to know how to be able to talk in the discussion section of any numismatic article. I'm already signed up, as far as I know. Please visit my talk page. Spacetimecont 21:46, 6 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I've been a collector for a few years now. I don't remember where I got the bug, but I have it now!  I focus mainly on US coins, and I go for all types.  I also have an interest in Civil War tokens.  Recently I started a collection of coins from all the nations involved in WWI (coins would all have to be dated during the time the country actually fought), which has been interesting.  --cholmes75 (chit chat) 02:06, 3 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm a history buff, in this case medieval economics and coins. There is a huge amount of work cleaning up histories of monetary systems. RgoNaut 17:59, 22 September 2006 (UTC)

 * I have collected many types of coins and currencies. My favorite are military challenge coins.  They consume me. --JAYMEDINC 00:55, 8 October 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm interested in Roman Republican coinage and in coins of Italy. I've also some minor experience in other European Countries Carlo Morino aka zi' Carlo 09:53, 20 November 2006 (UTC)

 * My collecting areas include (or have included) Imperial German coins and banknotes, German colonial coins and banknotes, paper notgeld, POW and guerrilla paper money, and art medals (exonumia). Askari Mark | Talk 18:34, 2 December 2006 (UTC)

 * I collect coins and tokens, chiefly in connection with Gibraltar, and have recently helped expand the Gibraltarian real article. Chris Buttigieg 22:12, 20 January 2007 (UTC)

 * I collect coins and banknotes specially from Costa Rica; also have interesting stuff from other countries. I have recently expanded the Costa Rican colón article and have added the Commemorative coins of Costa Rica and Commemorative banknotes of Costa Rica articles. Have also uploaded images of my banknotes to the Costa Rican Colon website. Daniel32708 18:12, 21 January 2007 (UTC)Daniel32708

 * I collect specifically US banknotes, primarily $1 and $2 notes. I also enjoy collecting nice serial numbers.  I will look around and start an article on collection/preservation if there isn't one already.  Dragon's Wish 15:47, 5 March 2007 (UTC)

—Theeuro 06:04, 9 April 2007 (UTC)
 * It would be an honor to participate in this project. I have a unique career which enables access to detailed information regarding the European Monetary Union's single currency, the euro. I've already done some work on the Monegasque euro coins article, the Maltese euro coins article and the Finnish euro coins article. I've just finished correcting the release dates on the €2 commemorative coins article. My motivation lies in providing visitors to euro currency articles here on Wikipedia the most accurate information possible. While I live and work in the EU, one of my professional goals is educating people outside the EU on the euro. Some of the articles are very informative, while others lack the kind of meticulous information that I can provide. Though my level of experience in editing articles on Wikipedia is limited, I am getting quite familiar with the process. Please let me know how to become a project contributor.

 * I currently collect both coins and banknotes from the 20th century - atleast one from each and every issuing authority during that time. I also collect older coins from South Asia. rzafar

 * Well hello, I collect coins and banknotes from 700BCE to the current era. I am not interested in commemorative except for their money value. I am nt too familiar with the Aribic issue of hammered coinage from Mohammid till the 1800's, but will one day. At the moment I am doing the Indian coinage page and loving learning new information. Anyone know about Punch mark coins? Enlil Ninlil 09:35, 24 August 2007 (UTC)

 * I collect world coins and banknotes. I know alot about the Mexican Peso and have many coins and banknotes from that country.I will try to upload banknote and coins scans.Bewareofdog 00:31, 27 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Hi there, I collect several coins and bills, now collecting mainly Euro collector's coins. Miguel.mateo (talk) 05:05, 24 June 2008 (UTC)

 * I am a big fan of banknotes, knowing that they retain its true (collectors') value even during the credit crunch. either way, I have been monitoring the news for updates and the overhauling of the Banknotes of Zimbabwe article. --Marianian (talk) 21:04, 27 November 2008 (UTC)

 * Hi, I'm User:SchnitzelMannGreek. I collect foreign currency and decided to join. So far, I created this...2,000 Romanian Lei Note. Check my userpage and feel free to sign my guestbook;) Schnitzel MannGreek . 16:13, 2 July 2009 (UTC)

 * My expertise is Swiss and United States coins.-RHM22 (talk) 01:52, 30 November 2010 (UTC)

 * I have a number of coins and notes from all six continents. I would like to improve the pages on the coins and banknotes by adding in tables with data on the coins and the pictures to make it attractive and useful. I will work country by country to improve each page individually.Stidmatt (talk) 00:50, 24 August 2011 (UTC)

 * I collect ancient coins, generally up until around the fall of the Western Roman Empire, although I have a few from after that. I particularly like Roman Republic coins and Successor State coins. On wikipedia I mostly proofread and wikify articles, although I add content and pictures occasionally. Chuy1530 (talk) 20:10, 24 February 2014 (UTC)

 * I collect modern international coinage, and some bills, but to a lesser extent. I used a lot of the existing currency articles to create a database of my own collection, and saw that a lot could use improvement. I'll read some of the WikiProject's background pages and start on some of the to-do list items. Clarkefreak ∞ 15:03, 21 March 2015 (UTC)

 * I started a coin collection recently, and became interested in numismatics. In my collection are a 1907 Barber Half Dollar and an heavily worn Large Cent (date is unknown, but is most likely an 1808 or 1813 Classic Head). - ZLEA  Talk\ Contribs 18:09, 7 February 2019 (UTC)

 * Hi all, I am a fan of history and finance. I am interested in how money and in general the economy works to motivate human collaborations. I am recently interested in Blockchain and from that I point my interested in learning how all kinds of currencies (sovereign and non-sovereign) and other securities are issued and put into circulations, and how they have worked to improve (or harm) the market economy. Xinbenlv (talk) 06:21, 3 June 2019 (UTC)

 * I collect modern and 20th century United States coinage. I've been collecting for the past 6 years, and I often get new coins from coin shows, and from bank rolls. My favorite coin is the Buffalo nickel. Buffalo Nickel 1913 Type 1 Obverse.png Eejit43 (talk) 13:05, 28 September 2022 (UTC)

 * As a fan of history and heraldry it was inevitable I would become interested in currency through its physical form of banknotes and coins and then into the history behind each financial instrument.Valethske (talk) 00:36, 11 April 2023 (UTC)

 * I'm a younger collector who has just started recently. Im a British & German Dual Citizen who's interested in all coins but specifically American Coins, Ancient Roman Coins and some British Coins OskarASMR (talk) 🏴 🇩🇪  04:16, 16, September 2023 (BST)


text:
Robinson Crusoe (1997 film)

Robinson Crusoe is a 1997 American adventure survival drama film directed by Rod Hardy and George T. Miller, and starring Pierce Brosnan in the title role, based on Daniel Defoe's 1719 novel Robinson Crusoe.

Plot
The film opens to a fictionalized Daniel Defoe being offered to read a castaway's autobiography. He grudgingly obliges and begins to get engrossed in the narrative.

Robinson Crusoe (Pierce Brosnan) is a Scottish gentleman with experience in the Royal Navy and the British army. He accidentally kills his lifelong friend Patrick (Damian Lewis) in a duel over his childhood love Mary. Patrick's brothers arrive and threaten Crusoe, but his page manages to buy time for an escape. Fleeing back to Mary, Crusoe subsequently ends up leaving for a year so that Mary can attempt to smooth over relations with Patrick's family.

Crusoe joins the merchant marine transporting assorted cargoes between ports in the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic oceans. He chronicles the ship's journeys at the behest of the captain until a typhoon shipwrecks him near the coast of New Guinea.

On his first day ashore on the island he buries other crew members who had washed up on the surrounding beaches. The next day he heads to the ship, which has beached itself on a reef. He salvages tools, supplies and weapons from the ship. Crusoe also frees the captain's corgi Skipper from a supply room. Crusoe begins to acclimate himself to the island while hoping for a passing European ship. One day a ship finally appears, but Crusoe notices it too late to be rescued. Crusoe resolves to acclimate himself to the island and moves inland, building a shelter and growing food.

One day he hears ominous drums and human voices. Investigating the noises he finds a tribe from a nearby island making human sacrifices. After two prisoners have been sacrificed Crusoe intervenes by firing his weapon, which allows the third prisoner (played by William Takaku) to escape. Later he meets the escaped native and attempts to befriend him. Cultural and language barriers prevent him from communicating before they are attacked by a group of the tribesmen. He witnesses the native cut out the heart of a defeated enemy and calls him a savage heathen before fleeing to his shelter and preparing a defence.

Days later Crusoe falls into a snare laid by the native. Crusoe communicates the danger and potency of his firearms on a bat, which allows them to begin communicating. He names the man Friday and has himself referred to as Master. Within six months Friday has learned the basics of English, but when Crusoe attempts to convert him to Christianity, Friday refuses and an argument ensues. Friday separates himself from Crusoe. Missing the companionship, Crusoe attempts to make peace with Friday.

Reunited, the two set a trap for the tribe of natives who attempted to sacrifice Friday before. Once they arrive Crusoe lights a fuse leading to a load of gunpowder, but Skipper chases after the lit fuse and also dies in the explosion. At Skipper's funeral Crusoe gains a deeper appreciation for Friday's religion.

Later Crusoe decides they must leave the island due to an impending attack by the native tribe. Friday mentions that he has heard of New Britain. He says he cannot take Crusoe to his home island because he is considered dead for being a sacrifice and he cannot go to New Britain because the Europeans enslave his people. Friday subsequently learns that "Master" is not Crusoe's real name, but an indicator of enslavement and once again leaves Crusoe, who subsequently attempts to build a canoe to get to New Britain by himself.

A typhoon arrives while Crusoe has nearly finished his boat. Friday returns and accepts that Crusoe had decided not to make him a slave. The two attempt to salvage their crops and wildlife, but the typhoon destroys them – as well as Crusoe's canoe. The pair set traps to defend the island, but expect to die in the defense.

The tribesmen arrive in force. Crusoe and Friday manage to defend the island, but Crusoe is shot by an arrow. Friday decides to try to save Crusoe by taking him to his home island. Upon arriving there Friday's tribe capture Crusoe, believing him to have come to enslave the people. They force Crusoe to fight Friday to the death for his freedom. After sparing Friday, Crusoe demands his friend kill him so that he may live. Suddenly, a group of European slavers arrive, killing Friday. Crusoe is rescued, but is devastated by Friday's death. The slavers tend to Crusoe's wounds, and bring him to Lisbon. From there, he sails home, and is reunited with Mary.

Daniel Defoe tells his publisher that he must write Crusoe's story.

Cast

 * Pierce Brosnan as Robinson Crusoe
 * William Takaku as Man Friday
 * Polly Walker as Mary McGregor
 * Ian Hart as Daniel Defoe
 * James Frain as Robert, Defoe's Publisher
 * Damian Lewis as Patrick Connor
 * Ben Robertson as James, Patrick's Brother
 * Martin Grace as Captain Braga
 * Sean Brosnan as Cabin boy
 * Lysette Anthony as Mrs. Crusoe
 * Tim McMulian as Crusoe's Second
 * Mal Tobias as Patrick Connor's Second
 * Jim Clark as Slave Ship Captain
 * Thomas Binns white slave trader (shoots man friday) - uncredited.

Reception
Due to a very limited release, never debuting theatrically in the United States or United Kingdom, the film did not receive any widespread press or critical attention. Among the few reviews available, Radio Times gave it two stars, finding Brosnan 'unconvincing' in the lead role. DVD Talk praised Brosnan's performance, but felt that the pacing was too fast and did not allow for proper immersion.

title: Robinson Crusoe (1997 film)


text:
Luc Van Lierde

Luc Van Lierde (born 14 April 1969 in Bruges) is a former athlete from Belgium, who has been competing in triathlon since 1990 and who has been a professional triathlon coach since 2009.

Athletic career
Van Lierde's international career started in 1990 when he came fourth in the World Olympic Distance Triathlon Championships. In the full-length Ironman triathlon, which involves swimming 3.8 km, cycling 180 km and running a 42.2 km marathon, he was ranked among the first ten in the European Championships three times between 1990 and 1995. 1995 was a decisive year for Luc Van Lierde, when he took second place at the ITU World Championships, and came second in the European Olympic Distance Triathlon Championships.

In 1996 he won the European Championships and came second in the World Championships in the Olympic Distance Triathlon. He won the Nice Triathlon and became World Long Course Triathlon Champion. Luc Van Lierde became the first European ever to win the Ironman World Championship, beating the existing record by three minutes.

Luc Van Lierde went on to clock the fastest Ironman Triathlon ever in 1997, doing 7:50:27 (0:44, 4:28, 2:36, plus transition) in Ironman Europe. Absent from the Ironman 1998, after undergoing an operation, he nevertheless won the Flemish Sports Personality of the Year trophy. In 1999, he once again won the Ironman World Championship in Hawaii, outrunning the second placed competitor by six minutes. During that same year, he received the Giant of Flanders trophy awarded by the two Flanders section of the Association of Professional Journalists.

Triathlon coach
In 2009, after more than 20 years as a professional triathlete, Van Lierde began a career as a triathlon coach. Frederik Van Lierde (not related) approached Van Lierde with the request to coach him. One year later he managed to coach Frederik Van Lierde to a third place at the 2012 Ironman World Championship. In 2013, he coached Frederik to the 2013 Ironman World Championship.

Van Lierde has successfully coached several other professional athletes, including Marino Vanhoenacker, Iván Raña, Will Clarke, Michelle Vesterby, and Saleta Castro.

Notable achievements

 * 1995: Silver medal at the World Triathlon Long Distance Championships, Nice
 * 1995: Silver medal at the Europe Triathlon Championships, Stockholm
 * 1996: Winner Ironman World Championship, Hawaii (new record; 8:04.08)
 * 1996: Winner European Triathlon Championship, Szombathely
 * 1996: Winner Triathlon International de Nice
 * 1996: Silver medal at the World Triathlon Long Distance Championships, Muncie
 * 1996: Silver medal at the World Championships in the Quarter Triathlon
 * 1997: Gold medal at the World Triathlon Long Distance Championships, Nice
 * 1997: Winner Ironman Europe, Nice (7:50:27, world record for Ironman event)
 * 1998: Gold medal at the World Triathlon Long Distance Championships, Sado Island
 * 1998: Second at the Ironman World Championship, Hawaii
 * 1999: Winner Ironman World Championship, Hawaii (8:17.17)
 * 2000: Winner St. Croix Triathlon (2k/55k/12k)
 * 2000: Winner Superman Triatlon, Flanders
 * 2003: Winner Ironman Malaysia (8:31.16)
 * 2004: Winner Ironman Malaysia (8:48.02)
 * 2006: 3rd at the Ironman 70.3 Monaco
 * 2007: 2nd at the Ironman Lanzarote
 * 2007: 8th Ironman Hawaii
 * 2008: 2nd at the IronMan 70.3 Antwerp
 * 2009: Winner Vienna City Triathlon

Honors and awards

 * Flemish Sportsjewel: 1996
 * Vlaamse Reus: 1996, 1997, 1999
 * Belgian Sportsman of the Year: 1997, 1999
 * Belgian National Sports Merit Award: 1997
 * Belgian Sports Personality of the Year: 1999
 * Honorary citizen of Menen: 2013

title: Luc Van Lierde


text:
Talk:Neocons

Stub?
Can someone explain to this relative newcomer why this article is considered a "stub"? It serves mainly to refer the reader to "Neoconservatives" (actually "Neoconservativism") but I think it adds value by stating that the term "Neocons" itself is usually used in a critical way. Expanding it would no doubt duplicate (or perhaps contradict) the information to be found at "Neoconservatives," neither of which is desirable, so inviting its expansion through the "Stub" label seems counterproductive to me. I also find it interesting that searching on "Neocon" refers the reader to the "Neoconservativism" article while adding an "s" brings the reader here. Does that make sense? Zeutron 21:47, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Wouldn't it make more sense to merge this with the neoconservatives article and add a note in said article noting the use of "Neocons" in a derogatory manner? Etcher 04:10, 22 December 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Neocons


text: Talk:Harmony, Indiana

title: Talk:Harmony, Indiana


text:
Talk:Knightsville, Indiana

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title: Talk:Knightsville, Indiana


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title: Talk:Staunton, Indiana


text: User talk:67.83.198.220

title: User talk:67.83.198.220


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User talk:Dontaskme

Welcome!

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Neuro-ophthalmology
Per Talk:Neuro-ophthalmologist, I created the Neuro-ophthalmology article; however, it still needs work. Cheers! AED 05:00, 23 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Great! I'm quite busy with other things right now (I'm about to move) and won't be able to do any major work on this. But I might do some minor edits once in a while. Dontaskme 02:52, 24 September 2005 (UTC)

International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision
It was deleted after it was prod'ded (proposed for deletion). Usually, some editor adds the prod tag to an article, and it can be removed by any editor at any time (for valid reasons). However, if the article is not fixed up in the 5-day prod period, it will be deleted. That's what happened to this article. If you feel that the article should not have been deleted, we can go to AfD and obtain community consensus on the article's status.  Nish kid 64  21:36, 8 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Looking back on it now, I have some doubts to the initial prod. It does appear that the article is notable, so I will restore the page. Although I would like to go to AfD for this, I think the article follows notability guidelines.  Nish kid  64  17:56, 9 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Okay, sent to AfD. See Articles for deletion/International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision.  Nish kid 64  18:34, 9 November 2006 (UTC)

WikiProject
Glad to see you're back. FYI, WikiProject Ophthalmology is up and running in the event you have any interest. -AED 21:32, 9 November 2006 (UTC)

Image:LandoltC.gif listed for deletion
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Proposed deletion of IGOR Pro

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User talk:James bjorkman

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title: User talk:James bjorkman


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A4103 road

The A4103 is an A-road which runs from Worcester to the A480 in Stretton Sugwas, a village 2 mi west of Hereford. The road is a primary route as far as the junction with the A465 east of Hereford, and is liable to flooding at Bransford, where it crosses the River Teme.

title: A4103 road


text:
Australian Breastfeeding Association

The Australian Breastfeeding Association (ABA) is an Australian organisation interested in the promotion of breastfeeding and protection of nursing mothers. Members of ABA include nursing mothers and their partners as well as health professionals such as doctors, lactation consultants and midwives.

ABA was founded in Melbourne, Victoria in 1964 as the Nursing Mothers' Association, with the aim of giving mother-to-mother support to breastfeeding women. It is Australia's leading source of breastfeeding information and support.

The association is supported by health authorities and specialists in infant and child health and nutrition, including a panel of honorary advisers.

History
Mary Paton founded the Nursing Mothers' Association with five other mothers in Melbourne after having difficulty breastfeeding her first child. There was a lack of support and accurate information about breastfeeding. Doctors and nurses at the time were not trained to handle breastfeeding problems and with the modern nuclear family there were few older women to turn to for advice, so the founding members supported each other, thus creating the model for mother-to-mother support than continues today. The other founders were Glenise Francis, Pat Patterson, Jan Barry (a member of the Coles family), Pauline Pick and Sue Woods.

The first meeting was held in Melbourne at Mary Paton's house on 13 February 1964 and the first newsletter was published later that year. Initially based primarily in Victoria, the ABA gradually spread to other states and territories with state representatives for the Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria, Western Australia appointed in 1969, the national headquarters set up in Hawthorn, Victoria in 1970, and groups established in South Australia and Tasmania in 1971. The ABA had over 10,000 members by 1973.

In 2001, NMAA changed its name to Australian Breastfeeding Association. As at 2016, over 350,000 people have been members.

Services
The ABA has groups across Australia which hold discussion meetings for mothers. Breastfeeding education seminars are run for expectant parents; community education continues through all levels of education from pre-school to tertiary and members visits mothers in hospital to introduce the association and its services. ABA holds seminars and conferences for health professionals. The ABA is a registered training organisation and provides training in breastfeeding counselling and community education. On 20 March 2009, a national breastfeeding helpline was launched to improve on the previous state-level helplines. This helpline is staffed by volunteers who have completed the ABA's training.

In 2015 the ABA launched the Breastfeeding Friendly Environments program to provide support to mothers returning to work.

Healthcare applications

In Australia, during January 2014, Melbourne tech startup Small World Social collaborated with the Australian Breastfeeding Association to create the first hands-free breastfeeding Google Glass application for new mothers. The application, named Google Glass Breastfeeding app trial, allows mothers to nurse their baby while viewing instructions about common breastfeeding issues (latching on, posture etc.) or call a lactation consultant via a secure Google Hangout, who can view the issue through the mother's Google Glass camera. The trial was successfully concluded in Melbourne in April 2014, and 100% of participants were breastfeeding confidently. Small World Social Breasfteeding Support Project

Controversy
A Sunday Mail news story in August 2012 reported that during an Australian Breastfeeding Association class the undercover reporter was told a baby died "every 30 seconds" from formula and "Formula is a little bit like AIDS,". The association launched an internal investigation soon afterwards and in a media statement on 29 August 2012 said the "comments reported in the media are not the view of the association and the counsellor involved has been stood down from all duties".

title: Australian Breastfeeding Association


text:
User talk:Blake213

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Welcome!

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Nomination of MSR Studios for deletion
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Barry Hawkins

Barry Hawkins (born 23 April 1979) is an English professional snooker player from Ditton, Kent. He turned professional in 1996, but only rose to prominence in the 2004–05 snooker season, when he reached the last 16 of the 2004 UK Championship, the quarter-finals of the 2004 British Open and the semi-finals of the 2005 Welsh Open. He has now spent twelve successive seasons ranked inside the top 32. Hawkins reached his first ranking final and won his first ranking title at the 2012 Australian Goldfields Open.

Hawkins played in the televised stages of every World Championship between his Crucible Theatre debut in 2006, and his failure to qualify in 2023. He lost in the first round on his first five appearances, but reached the second round in 2011 and 2012. Rated an 80–1 outsider for the 2013 World Snooker Championship before the tournament began, he defeated opponents including world number1 Mark Selby and top Chinese player Ding Junhui to reach the final, which he lost to defending champion Ronnie O'Sullivan. Hawkins has since reached the semi-finals of the World Championship in 2014, 2015, 2017 and 2018, and he was runner-up in the Masters in 2016 and 2022.

Early career
Before taking up snooker professionally, Hawkins was an office clerk. He reached the Top 32 in the rankings in 2004/2005, having reached the semi-finals of 2005's Welsh Open, as well as the last sixteen of three other tournaments.

2005/2006
In 2005/2006, he reached the semi-finals of the Grand Prix and the Welsh Open again, and also beat the high-ranked Ding Junhui to qualify for the World Championship for the first time. This cemented Hawkins' place in the Top 16 of the rankings for the 2006/2007 season.

At the World Championship in Sheffield, however, Hawkins faced former Champion Ken Doherty in the first round, and in the intimidating Crucible Theatre lost 10–1. He told the BBC that "I just couldn't perform and I don't know why... I'm gutted after such a good season to have performed like that."

2006–2009
The 2006/2007 season saw Hawkins disappointed following two strong seasons. He reached the final of the non-ranking Kilkenny Irish Masters, however his only run past the last 16 in a ranking event was at the China Open, when he reached the semi-finals, again beating Ding along the way. He had one foot in his first final against Jamie Cope in the semi-final, but Cope was able to obtain the snookers he needed to stay in the match and went on to win 6–5. A first-round defeat by Fergal O'Brien at the World Championship cost him his Top 16 place, and left him outside the Top 32 on the single-year rankings.

Early in the 2007/2008 season, Hawkins won the qualifying tournament for the 2008 SAGA Insurance Masters, beating Kurt Maflin. He won five other matches, also beating top-32 players Nigel Bond and Jamie Cope. He also reached the last 16 at the Grand Prix, UK Championship and China Open.

He started the 2008–09 season with a quarter-final appearance at the 2008 Northern Ireland Trophy, by beating Jimmy White 5–3, Marco Fu 5–2 and Ryan Day 5–3 where he played Ronnie O'Sullivan, losing 5–4 after producing a brave fightback from 4–1 to level at 4–4. He then won at least his opening match in the next four ranking events, reaching the provisional top 16. He did not qualify for the events in Wales and China, but made it to the World Championship by beating Daniel Wells 10–9, but lost in the first round, finishing one place short of a return to the top 16.

From 2006 to 2010, Hawkins's record at the World Championship was unsuccessful, with a win–loss record of 0–5. As well as the aforementioned one-sided defeat by Doherty, Hawkins narrowly lost in the first round the following two years as well, to Fergal O'Brien and Ali Carter respectively. Coincidentally, on both occasions Hawkins lost by very close 10–9 defeats, having recovered from 9–6 behind each time. In 2009 Hawkins missed out on a chance to take his match with former champion Graeme Dott to a deciding frame, and lost 10–8. The following year, Hawkins led defending champion John Higgins 5–3 before Higgins won seven of the next eight frames to progress.

2010/2011
Hawkins played well at the World Open (formerly the Grand Prix) in defeating Mark Selby (3–2) as well as former World Champion Ken Doherty (3–1) before losing 4–2 to Mark Williams.

Hawkins qualified for the World Championship for the sixth year running, where he was drawn against Stephen Maguire in the first round. Having never won a match at the Crucible before, Hawkins led Maguire 4–0, 5–1, 6–2 and 8–4 before seeing Maguire level the match at 8–8 and then 9–9. However, Hawkins held his nerve in the deciding frame to finally end his losing run at the World Championship. In the second round, Hawkins was defeated 13–12 by world No. 11 Mark Allen.

2011/2012
Hawkins reached the PTC Finals in the 2011–12 season largely thanks to semi-final runs in Event 3 and Event 5. He finished 22nd on the Order of Merit, inside the top 24 who qualified. In the Finals he lost in the first round 3–4 to Jack Lisowski. Hawkins won the non-ranking Snooker Shoot-Out, a tournament where the winner of each round is determined by a single 10-minute frame. He beat Graeme Dott in the final and picked up a cheque for £32,000, the biggest of his career to date.

Hawkins' best run in the ranking events came in the final and biggest tournament of the season, the World Championship. He qualified by beating David Morris and was drawn to play world number one Mark Selby, who had come into the event having suffered a neck injury and declaring himself fit to play only one week before. Hawkins comfortably won 10–3 to face Matthew Stevens in the second round. He led 8–6 after two sessions in a bid to reach his first quarter-final at the Crucible, but had no answer to Stevens in the latter stages as he won seven of the last 10 frames to take the match 13–11. Hawkins finished the season ranked world number 22.

2012/2013
Hawkins began the 2012–13 season at the Wuxi Classic, where he faced Mark Selby in the first round once more, this time losing 2–5.

First ranking title
His next ranking event was the Australian Goldfields Open in Bendigo, where he defeated Xiao Guodong (5–1), Matthew Stevens (5–2), Matthew Selt (5–3), and Mark Davis (6–4) to reach the first ranking event final of his 16-year professional career. He faced Peter Ebdon and finished the first session of the match leading 5–3, which included a spell of four successive frames that meant Ebdon had not potted a ball for over an hour. In the evening session Hawkins won all four frames played to take the title with a 9–3 victory. He made three centuries in the final and climbed to world number 20 thanks to the win, as well as earning praise from Ebdon himself.

Other tournaments
Despite then losing in the first round of the Shanghai Masters and in qualifying for the International Championship, Hawkins climbed into the top 16 in November meaning he would be in the main draw in the Masters for the first time since 2007. Neil Robertson beat him 6–2 in the UK Championship and in the Masters he was 5–4 up against Judd Trump but missed two pots when well placed to win the match and instead went to lose 5–6, a result which left Hawkins "devastated". He bounced back at the next ranking event, the German Masters, by seeing off Dechawat Poomjaeng 5–2, Mark Allen 5–1 and Mark Selby 5–1 to reach the semi-finals. He lost 4–6 to Marco Fu in a long match which finished after midnight local time and included a bout of safety which lasted almost an hour. Hawkins failed to get past the second round in the World Open, China Open or Welsh Open. He played in eight of the minor-ranking Players Tour Championship events with his best result being a semi-final defeat by Joe Swail in the first European Tour Event. Two further quarter-final defeats saw him finish 15th on the Order of Merit to qualify for the Finals, where he lost 1–4 to Robertson in the second round.

World Championship final
At the World Championship, he put Jack Lisowski under sustained pressure with his superior safety game in a 10–3 win to face Mark Selby in the second round. Hawkins was 7–9 behind to the world number one after the second session but came back to triumph 13–10 in a win he described as the best of his career. In his first World Championship quarter-final he defeated Ding Junhui 13–7 to progress to the semi-finals, where he played Ricky Walden. Hawkins struggled for form during the first two sessions, playing some gritty snooker to trail only 6–8 with a high break of just 36 and received ironic cheers and a punch of the air from Hawkins when he made 47 in the next frame. He went on to fall 8–12 behind but then began to find his game, as Walden's deteriorated, to win eight successive frames with two centuries in the process. Despite a brief fightback from Walden, Hawkins won the match 17–14 to set up a clash in the final with defending champion Ronnie O'Sullivan, Hawkins saying he had nothing to lose now. Hawkins fought gallantly throughout the final making breaks of 127 and 133, his highest ever at the Crucible, but every time he applied pressure to his opponent, O'Sullivan responded with clinical scoring which included six century breaks and a further 10 breaks of 50 throughout the match as he defeated Hawkins 18–12. For reaching the final he received prize money of £125,000, three times more than his previous biggest pay-day. Hawkins' turnaround from being a solid player to a ranking event winner and World Championship runner-up has been credited, in part, to his work with 1979 champion Terry Griffiths who has helped to give him the self-belief to make the most of his game. His successful season saw him climb 13 spots in the rankings to a career high world number nine, the first time he has finished a season inside the top 16 since 2006.

2013/2014
After a pair of second round exits in the opening two rankings events of the 2013–14 season, Hawkins levelled his quarter-final match against Mark Selby at the Shanghai Masters with a 140 break and then won the deciding frame to progress. In the semi-finals he was unable to match Ding Junhui's form as he was beaten 6–2. In a deciding frame against Shaun Murphy, Hawkins potted seven reds and seven blacks but had to make do with a break of 70 to take the match and reach the quarter-finals of the UK Championship for the first in his career. Hawkins led Selby 5–3, but went on to be beaten 6–5. In the semi-finals of the Welsh Open he lost 6–2 against Ronnie O'Sullivan.

Second ranking title
Hawkins played in all eight European Tour events during the season with his best result being a semi-final defeat at the Bulgarian Open, which helped him finish 25th on the Order of Merit and claim the final spot for the Finals. There he whitewashed Stephen Maguire 4–0 in the first round and then saw off Ryan Day 4–3 in an extremely tight match. Comfortable 4–1 victories over Yu Delu and Judd Trump followed as he reached the final. He faced an unlikely opponent in world number 66 and practice partner Gerard Greene. Hawkins did not give Greene a chance as he won the first two frames without him registering a point and completed a 4–0 win to take the £100,000 first prize.

At the World Championship, Hawkins played Ricky Walden in the second round, a repeat of last year's semi-final. The match was similar to the one 12 months earlier too, as Hawkins fought back from a 9–5 deficit to win 13–11. He built an 11–5 lead over Dominic Dale after two sessions of their quarter-final, but upon the resumption of play Dale incredibly won seven frames in a row to stand just one away from equalling the biggest comeback in a quarter-final at the Crucible. However, Hawkins regrouped and made breaks of 66 and 65 to win the last two frames and move into the semi-finals, where he faced Ronnie O'Sullivan in a rematch of the previous year's final. Hawkins trailed 2–6 after the first session and 5–11 after the second session, and lost the match 7–17 with a session to spare. Hawkins was the world number five at the end of the campaign, the highest he has ever finished a season.

2014/2015
Hawkins first ranking event of the 2014–15 season was the 2014 Wuxi Classic and he beat Marco Fu 5–4 to reach the semi-finals, stating later that he was gaining more self belief due to being in the latter stages of big events more regularly. From 3–3, Neil Robertson took a trio of frames to defeat Hawkins 6–3. He was unable to build on his good start to the season however, as he could not advance beyond the last 32 of the next three ranking events and in the second round of the UK Championship he lost 6–5 to Nigel Bond after Hawkins had been 5–0 up.

In January 2015, he achieved the second maximum break of his career in his league stage match against Stephen Maguire in group1 of the Championship League. His form in ranking events did not improve though as he was knocked out in the first round of the German Masters and PTC Grand Final and the second round of the Welsh Open. An improvement came at the China Open with wins over Gerard Greene, Dominic Dale and Stephen Maguire. In the quarter-finals he was ousted 5–3 by world number 56 Gary Wilson.

Hawkins looked to be cruising into the second round of the World Championship after he took the opening session of his match with Matthew Selt 7–2 and extended it to 9–4. However, Selt won five frames on the trot to take the match into a deciding frame which Hawkins won. Hawkins produced a great comeback in the next round against Mark Allen by winning five frames in a row to triumph 13–11 and stated that the unique atmosphere of the Crucible Theatre helps him focus harder and is the reason for his recent good form in the event. In the quarter-finals, Hawkins won six frames from 3–1 behind, restricting his opponent Neil Robertson to just eight points in the process. The tie would eventually go into a deciding frame which Hawkins won with a 61 break to reach the semi-finals for the third year in a row. It was an extremely high quality encounter, during which both players made four centuries each to equal a World Championship record for a best of 25 frame match. Hawkins endured a tough semi-final as he fell 14–3 behind Shaun Murphy and only just avoided losing with a session to spare, as he returned to be defeated 17–9.

2015/2016
Hawkins took two months off at the beginning of the season and said he would be more selective with the events he enters in order to remain fresh for the entire year. He returned for the minor-ranking Riga Open and won it by defeating Tom Ford 4–1 in the final. Hawkins conceded only a total of seven frames in his seven matches during the event. A series of early ranking event exits followed, but Hawkins recaptured his form at the Masters. In an event where he had never won a match in five prior appearances, Hawkins eliminated Joe Perry 6–3, Mark Allen 6–2 and Judd Trump 6–4 to set up a meeting with Ronnie O'Sullivan in the final. Hawkins took the opening frame, but would lose 10–1 to equal the record of the biggest margin of defeat in a Masters final set by Steve Davis' 9–0 whitewash over Mike Hallett in 1988. In the PTC Finals, Hawkins eliminated Michael Holt 4–2, Robert Milkins 4–3 and Ding Junhui 4–2. He lost 6–3 to Ricky Walden in the semi-finals.

Hawkins met O'Sullivan in the second round of the World Championship, a player who he had not beat in 10 matches stretching back 14 years since their first meeting. Hawkins led 9–7 after the second session and 12–9 to stand one frame away of the win. However, O'Sullivan quickly levelled the match at 12–12, but went in off during the deciding frame to allow Hawkins to be the only player to have reached the quarter-finals of the event for the past three years. Hawkins said the change from his heavy defeat to O'Sullivan at the Masters in January to beating him was playing the balls instead of his opponent and that he was proud of having handled the most pressure he ever felt during his career. The match seemed to take a lot out of Hawkins as he was 9–1 behind Marco Fu in the quarters, but he rediscovered his form to be just 10–9 and 12–11 down. In the next frame Hawkins was 60–0 ahead, before Fu made a 74 break to close out the match. Afterwards Hawkins said he had not slept at all after his win over O'Sullivan and was unable to focus during the first session of the Fu match.

2016/2017
After not getting past the third round in the early part of the 2016–17 season, Hawkins reached the semi-finals of the English Open, where he lost 6–2 to Judd Trump. The next Home Nations event was the Northern Ireland Open and Hawkins again won through to the semi-finals. Anthony Hamilton came back from 4–2 and 5–3 down to send the match in to a deciding frame in which he feathered the white when well placed to hand Hawkins a chance for the match which he took. Hawkins was 5–1 ahead of Mark King in the final, before King won five frames in a row. Hawkins won a re-spotted black to make it 8–8 and then lost the deciding frame. In the second round of the UK Championship, Fergal O'Brien became the first player to make five centuries in a best-of-11 frame match as he edged out Hawkins 6–5. Hawkins had a good run at the Masters, needing only one frame to reach the final for a second consecutive time. He had a 5–2 advantage in his semi-final match against Joe Perry, before Perry secured the snooker he needed to reduce the lead to 5–3. Perry went on to win the three remaining frames, clinching the match and narrowly denying Hawkins a rematch against defending champion Ronnie O'Sullivan.

Hawkins beat Kyren Wilson 4–2, Judd Trump 4–1, Neil Robertson 4–2 and Liang Wenbo 6–1 to reach the final of the World Grand Prix. He made five century breaks to be 9–3 up on Ryan Day who then closed the gap to 9–7, before Hawkins took the next frame to win his third ranking title.

He lost 5–4 on the final black to Trump in the quarter-finals of the Welsh Open. Victories over Tom Ford, Graeme Dott and Stephen Maguire saw Hawkins play in his fourth World Championship semi-final in five years, but he didn't capitalise on the chances that came his way against John Higgins and was eliminated 17–8.

2017/2018
In December 2017, Hawkins advanced to the third round of the UK Championship after beating Kurt Dunham and Hammad Miah, but was knocked out by Akani Songsermsawad after suffering a 6–0 defeat. After match, Hawkins said that he was "in a state of shock" for his performance. In January 2018, Hawkins was defeated by the eventual finalist Kyren Wilson in the first round of the Masters, he lost 6–4. In March, Hawkins reached the final of the Welsh Open after beating the likes of Tom Ford, Martin Gould, Yan Bingtao, and Noppon Saengkham. He faced John Higgins in the final. Despite making three centuries, he eventually lost 9–7. In April, Hawkins reached another final in a ranking event, this time he faced Mark Selby in the final of the China Open. But Selby, the defending champion, was proven to be too strong for Hawkins on the day, Hawkins lost by 11–3. In May, Hawkins maintained his excellent record at the Crucible, after beating Stuart Carrington, Lyu Haotian, and Ding Junhui, he reached another semi-final at the World Snooker Championship and faced Mark Williams. The match was a nervy classic, with a total of 20 breaks over 50 between the two players, Williams eventually won 17–15.

2018/2019
In September 2018, Hawkins reached the final of the Shanghai Masters, an invitational tournament, after winning against Stephen Maguire, Mark Williams, and Ding Junhui, and set up a final with the defending champion Ronnie O'Sullivan. After leading 6–4 at the end of the morning session, Hawkins eventually lost 11–9. In December, Hawkins was knocked out of the UK Championship in the round of last 16 after losing 6–2 to Kyren Wilson. At the Masters, Hawkins advanced to the quarter-final after beating Shaun Murphy 6–2 in the first round, but he was defeated by Neil Robertson in the next round, losing 6–3. In May 2019, Hawkins reached the second round of the World Snooker Championship after thrashing Li Hang 10–1 in the first round, he faced Kyren Wilson next. It was a high quality match, two players produced a total of 9 centuries during the match, but after leading 4–0, 6–2, and 9–5, Hawkins eventually lost 13–11.

2019/2020
in August 2019, Hawkins won the invitational tournament Paul Hunter Classic after defeating the likes of Gary Wilson, Mark King, Joe Perry, and Kyren Wilson. In November 2019, Hawkins made his third maximum break in his 6-2 first round victory against Gerard Greene at the UK Championship. But he suffered a shocking 6–4 defeat in the next round against Alan McManus, despite leading 4–1 at one point. In January 2020, Hawkins had an early exit at the Masters, losing 6–1 to John Higgins in the first round. In August 2020, Hawkins faced Alexander Ursenbacher in the first round of the World Snooker Championship, in which he comfortably won by 10–2. He lost 13–9 to Neil Robertson in the next round.

2020/2021
At the UK Championship, Hawkins advanced to the last 16 after beating the likes of Riley Parsons, Robbie Williams and Robert Milkins, but was knocked out of the tournament after losing 6–3 to Mark Selby. In January 2021, Hawkins did not participate in the Masters, but he did reach the semi-final of the German Masters at the end of the month, his first appearance in the last four of a ranking event since 2019, and faced Judd Trump. Despite leading 5–1, Hawkins lost five straight frames and lost 6–5 at the end. In February, he reached another semi final, this time at the Players Championship, but he lost 6–4 to Ronnie O'Sullivan after taking a 3–0 lead. Hawkins qualified for the 2021 Tour Championship and beat Judd Trump 10–7 after leading 7–3 to reach the semi-finals. There, he was 9–6 ahead against O'Sullivan, but would ultimately lose 9–10. He lost 10–13 in the second round of the World Championship to Kyren Wilson, after winning five consecutive frames to level at 9–9.

2021/2022
Hawkins reached the semi-finals of the UK Championship for the first time, losing 1–6 to eventual winner Zhao Xintong. At the second Triple Crown event of the season, the Masters, he defeated reigning world champion Mark Selby and come back from 4–5 down against Judd Trump to win 6–5, reaching the final of the event for the second time. He lost to Neil Robertson 4–10. Hawkins also reached the final of the Players Championship where he was the lowest seed, but lost to Robertson again by a 5–10 scoreline. He failed to progress past the first round of the World Championship for the first time since 2010, losing 7–10 to Crucible debutant Jackson Page.

2022/2023
Hawkins had a strong start to the season, reaching the final of the European Masters, which included a 5–3 win over Judd Trump in the quarter-finals, before an impressive 6–2 victory over Mark Williams in the semi-finals. However, he struggled to find his best form in the final, losing 3–9 to Kyren Wilson. At the UK Championship, Hawkins lost 3–6 in the last 32 to Ding Junhui. In the Masters, Hawkins produced one of his best performance of the season in the opening round, where he whitewashed Mark Allen 6–0. However, he would go on to suffer a 6–5 defeat to Judd Trump in the quarter-final.

After a lack of deep runs in ranking events, Hawkins would go on to relinquish his position in the top 16. As a result, Hawkins had to go through qualifying at the World Championship. He beat David Lilley 10–4 in the last 80, but lost a closely fought contest with Jak Jones in the last 48 by 8–10.

2023/2024
Hawkins had a strong start to the season, qualifying for the European Masters by beating Sean O'Sullivan in a match where O'Sullivan made a maximum break. At the main event, Hawkins beat James Cahill, reigning world champion Luca Brecel, Noppon Saengkham, and Mark Selby to reach the final. Facing Judd Trump in the final, Hawkins established a 7–3 lead, then Trump closed to 7–6. Hawkins prevailed with a 9–6 victory for a fourth ranking title, his first in over six years. Hawkins reached the semi-final of the 2023 Northern Ireland Open, but lost to Judd Trump by 4–6, after Trump won five consecutive frames to come back from a 1–4 deficit.

Technique
Hawkins is naturally right-handed but plays left-handed. However, if he has to use the rest, he switches the cue to his dominant hand (right hand) for better handling. Additionally, this switch allows him to aim better because his right eye is his objective eye.

Personal life
Hawkins has been with his partner Tara since 2001; in January 2009 they had their first child, a son named Harrison. The couple were married in June 2012.

title: Barry Hawkins


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Lake Muhlenberg

Lake Muhlenberg, sometimes called Muhlenberg Lake, is a lake in Cedar Creek Park located in Allentown, Pennsylvania.

Overview
The lake is so-named due to its proximity to Muhlenberg College, which was named for Henry Muhlenberg, the patriarch of the Lutheran Church in the United States. The lake is situated in Cedar Creek Park and is part Allentown's park system. Lake Muhlenberg is stocked for fishing and is a refuge for many ducks and Canada geese. Cedar Creek flows into and out of the lake.

In its center is Sparkle Island. In 2013, the Lehigh Valley Audubon Society installed a 20-feet tall chimney swift tower on the island. The tower has insulation panels to prevent the chimney from getting too hot in late spring, which could threaten wildlife living there.

In 2013, the lake was chemically treated and cleaned, removing the overgrown algae and making it more appealing overall. The herbicides used were not harmful to the fish and surrounding wildlife.

Festivals
"Blues, Brews, and Barbeque," which launched in 2014, is held annually at Cedar Beach Park on Lake Muhlenberg.

title: Lake Muhlenberg


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Ramstein-Miesenbach

Ramstein-Miesenbach is a town in the district of Kaiserslautern in Rhineland-Palatinate in Germany, adjacent to the U.S. Ramstein Air Base.

History
As a result of the State of Rheinland-Pfalz administrative reform, Ramstein-Miesenbach, which has a population of approx. 9,200, was created on 7 June 1969 from the independent villages of Ramstein and Miesenbach. City designation was awarded in 1991. Ramstein-Miesenbach is the administrative center of the Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") of Ramstein-Miesenbach which, with its approx. 19,100 inhabitants, is the largest Verbandsgemeinde in Kaiserslautern district.

Ramstein
During Roman times there was a village on the old east-west road north of the Western Palatinate swamps. Ceramic shards, coins and the remains of a Roman villa were found near "Unterschernauer" Mill, thus demonstrating that people have lived in this area since Roman times.

Ramstein is first mentioned in a document dated 2 June 1215. With this document Emperor Frederic II, the grandson of Emperor Frederic Barbarossa, gave to his knight Reinhard von Lautern the protector's rights of the Ramstein church along with its two subsidiary churches in Weilerbach and Spesbach. This knight's successor, Siegfried von Hohenecken, transferred the protectorate to the "Deutschorden" (Knights Order) in Einsiedeln, Switzerland.

In 1366 the knight Johannes von Ramstein lived in Ramstein. He served the counts of Veldenz and had his own court. In the 14th century Ramstein became part of the area under the Palatinate Elector.

In a document dated 18 October 1387 Ramstein was the center of the Ramstein court and administrative area. The village and the court belonged to the Lautern district. Court seals were found dated 1674 and 1774. After the invasion of the French in 1793 the court was dissolved. The Napoleonic Administrative Reform made Ramstein and Landstuhl into one mayoral district. Ramstein became its own mayoral entity in 1818.

Ramstein was almost completely depopulated in the Thirty Years War of the 17th century. Nine families settled in the area again in 1684. In 1802 there were 368 people in Ramstein. Economic hardship in the 1850s and 1860s forced many people to emigrate; however, by 1900 the population had grown again to 2000.

In addition to farming, peat harvesting became an important industry in the 18th and 19th century. After the railroad was built in 1868 many Ramstein men started working in the coal mines of the Saarland. The textile industry arrived in Ramstein in the 19th century. The former farming and artisan village slowly developed into an industrial community.

A significant economic and social event occurred in 1951 when the French built the Ramstein Air Base which today is the home of the Headquarters of the US Air Force Europe (USAFE) and the Component Command Air Headquarters Ramstein (CC-Air Ramstein). The City provided the base approximately one third of its 43 square kilometres of land. With about 1600 civilian employees the U.S. air base is the City's most important employer. There are some 8,200 military personnel stationed at Ramstein along with approx. 15,000 family members.

The beginning of Ramstein's modern industrial and business expansion began in the 1970s. The community had started developing a commercial area of about 0.66 km2 south-west of Ramstein where several businesses settled. The immediate vicinity has now developed into an industry and commerce park with a size of 0.93 km2, the "Industriezentrum Westrich". North of the city center, along the rail line, a service center with artisan and trade businesses, the "Stutzenwald" business district, has emerged. The city is currently developing a new business district (In den Seufzen) on the road to Spesbach.

Miesenbach
Miesenbach's early history is similar to that of Ramstein. It was first mentioned in 1255 in a document which states that King William leased the "Villa de Mensinbach" to Count Conrad for 300 Cologne denares. Another document from 1274 mentions a "Machtolf de Mensenbach". Otto von Huneberg was given feudal tenure of a mansion in Miesenbach by the Counts of Bolanden. Miesenbach later belonged to the Palatinate Electorate and the court district of Steinwenden. It is assumed that the feudal lords in charge of Kaiserslautern Castle temporarily lived in the "House in Miesenbach", which is why a part of Miesenbach is still named "leisure park" (Lustgarten). Animal husbandry had a long tradition in Miesenbach where animal fairs were held regularly. Miesenbach was also the home of several well-known musicians. Today Miesenbach is mainly a bedroom community. Its residents work in Ramstein or for companies in Landstuhl, Kaiserslautern, the Air Base, the neighboring state of Saarland or other parts of Rheinland-Pfalz.

Local council
The local council in Ramstein-Miesenbach has 24 members. The elections in May 2014 showed the following results:
 * FWG: Freie Wählergruppe (Free voters) Stadt Ramstein-Miesenbach

Ramstein-Miesenbach today
The city has all levels of schools as well as a number of private clubs, organizations and Volkshochschule which offers opportunities for educational and recreational activities in multiple languages.

The "Haus des Bürgers", Ramstein's cultural and conference center, is host to numerous national and international stars every year. The facility, which was completed in 1986, is also available for conferences and meetings and houses the city library.

The city museum, which is located in the old 1750 city hall which hosts a permanent collection of cultural items and regularly features special exhibits.

The AZUR Water World swimmingpool is one of the most popular attractions in the region and provides year-round indoor/outdoor water recreation for all ages.

The "Kurpfalz" Scout Center is a regular host to boy scouts and girl scouts from all over Germany. The "Seewoog" lakeside recreational area provides rest and relaxation for everyone.

Climate
Climate in this area has mild differences between highs and lows, and there is adequate rainfall year-round. The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is "Cfb" (Marine West Coast Climate/Oceanic climate).

title: Ramstein-Miesenbach


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Donald Cromwell McDonald

Donald Cromwell McDonald (November 17, 1879 – October 3, 1917 ) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1914 to 1915 as a member of the Liberal Party.

Biography
McDonald was born in Bruce County, Ontario, the son of Roger McDonald and Mary Cameron, and was educated at Port Elgin and Owen Sound. He later moved to Manitoba, and worked as a grain dealer. In 1914, McDonald served as mayor of Russell, Manitoba. He married Nellie McDonald in 1908. In religion, McDonald was a Presbyterian.

McDonald was elected to the Manitoba legislature in the 1914 provincial election, defeating Conservative candidate E. Graham by thirty votes in the Russell constituency. The Conservatives won the election, and McDonald sat with his party in opposition.

The Conservative administration of Rodmond Roblin was forced to resign from office in 1915, amid a serious corruption scandal. A new election was called, which the Liberals won in a landslide. McDonald was not a candidate.

He died in Winnipeg in 1917.

title: Donald Cromwell McDonald


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Talk:Erasmus Bridge

Is 2600 feet the length of the bridge or the length of the main span? -- Samuel Wantman 21:53, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

The total length of the bridge is 802 meters (about 2600 feet). The main span is 280 meters (about 920 feet). As the List of largest cable-stayed bridges is ranked by length of the main span, this bridge is certainly not the third largest bridge on that list. So the first paragraph is incorrect, and should be rewritten. Cheezycrust 13:55, 27 May 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Erasmus Bridge