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Jean-Henri d'Anglebert

Jean-Henri d'Anglebert (baptized 1 April 1629 – 23 April 1691) was a French composer, harpsichordist and organist. He was one of the foremost keyboard composers of his day.

Life
D'Anglebert's father Claude Henry known as Anglebert was an affluent shoemaker in Bar-le-Duc. Nothing is known about the composer's early years and musical education. Since he at one time composed a tombeau for Jacques Champion de Chambonnières, it is possible that Chambonnières was his teacher—or at any rate a friend for whom D'Anglebert had much respect. The earliest surviving manuscript with D'Anglebert's music dates from 1650–1659. It also contains music by Louis Couperin and Chambonnières, and possibly originated in their immediate circle; thus already by the mid-1650s D'Anglebert must have been closely associated with the most prominent French harpsichordists of the time. The earliest reference to D'Anglebert survives in his marriage contract from 11 October 1659. D'Anglebert married Magdelaine Champagne, sister-in-law of the organist François Roberday. In the contract, he is described as bourgeois de Paris, suggesting that by 1659 he was already well established in Paris. How he left Bar-le-Duc and settled in Paris remains unknown.

D'Anglebert's career in Paris must have begun at the Jacobins church in Rue St. Honoré, where he was still organist in January 1660. In August 1660 he succeeded Henri Dumont as harpsichordist to Philippe I, Duke of Orléans, the King's younger brother. He kept the position until at least 1668, but in the meantime, in 1662, he bought the reversion of the post of harpsichordist from Chambonnières, who had been recently disgraced at the court; Chambonnières kept the salary, but D'Anglebert assumed the duties. He served as royal harpsichordist until his son Jean-Baptiste-Henry became his reversioner in 1674. After 1679 D'Anglebert served Dauphine Duchess Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria, who died in 1690. D'Anglebert died the following year, on 23 April. His only published work, Pièces de clavecin, appeared just two years before, in 1689. The rest of his music—mostly harpsichord works, but also five fugues and a quatuor for organ—survives in manuscripts.

Works
D'Anglebert's principal work is a collection of four harpsichord suites published in 1689 in Paris under the title Pièces de clavecin. The volume is dedicated to Marie Anne de Bourbon, a talented amateur harpsichordist who later studied under François Couperin. Apart from its contents, which represents some of the finest achievements of the French harpsichord school (and shows, among other things, D'Anglebert's thorough mastery of counterpoint and his substantial contribution to the genre of unmeasured prelude), Pièces de clavecin is historically important on several other counts. The collection was beautifully engraved with utmost care, which set a new standard for music engraving. Furthermore, D'Anglebert's table of ornaments is the most sophisticated before Couperin's (which only appeared a quarter of a century later, in 1713). It formed the basis of J.S. Bach's own table of ornaments (Bach copied D'Anglebert's table ca. 1710), and provided a model for other composers, including Rameau. Finally, D'Anglebert's original pieces are presented together with his arrangements of Lully's orchestral works. D'Anglebert's arrangements are, once again, some of the finest pieces in that genre, and show him experimenting with texture to achieve an orchestral sonority.

Most of D'Anglebert's other pieces survive in two manuscripts, one of which contains, apart from the usual dances, harpsichord arrangements of lute pieces by composers such as Ennemond Gaultier, Denis Gaultier, and René Mesangeau. They are unique pieces, for no such arrangements by other major French harpsichord composers are known. The second manuscript contains even more experimental pieces by D'Anglebert, in which he tried to invent a tablature-like notation for keyboard music to simplify the notation of style brisé textures.

D'Anglebert's only surviving organ works are five fugues and a quatuor (an old French term for a four-voice contrapuntal organ piece). The fugues all elaborate on variations of the same subject, thus forming an extended ricercare (or a miniature The Art of the Fugue). The quatuor, one of the few surviving pieces of its kind, is built around three themes derived from the Kyrie Cunctipotens; it is to be played on three keyboards and the pedal keyboard.

title: Jean-Henri d'Anglebert


text:
Talk:Northern League (British neo-Nazi organisation)

Cattell
The Cattell membership needs to be verified. If the information that he was a member was gleaned from ISAR, it should be noted that if read closely the ISAR article does not go so far as to say that Cattell was a member of the Northern League. http://www.ferris.edu/isar/bios/cattell/HPPB/visions.htm ''Although there are important differences in their positions, particularly in Cattell’s much greater sophistication regarding statistical issues and more complex view of culture, their shared eugenic vision indicates that cooperation was more than a matter of convenience.... Leading members of the Northern League included the premier Nazi race scientist Hans Günther, who continued his work in the postwar period under a pseudonym. It should be noted that Cattell cited Günther in Beyondism as an authority on the genetic quality of Harold MacMillan’s family (1987, p. 38). Other active members included...'' hitssquad 02:43, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I just changed that a bit. See if that is more clear until we have a citation. It is widely known they collaborated. Jokestress 03:13, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

 * But Cattell did not himself describe any of his work as scientific racism or written in the style of scientific racism did he? hitssquad 16:27, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I don't think that sentence claims he did. However, plenty of people have accused Cattell of scientific racism, to the level that Cattell has written rejoinders about it. Jokestress 16:44, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Tygart Valley River

The Tygart Valley River — also known as the Tygart River — is a principal tributary of the Monongahela River, approximately 135 mi long, in east-central West Virginia in the United States. Via the Monongahela and Ohio rivers, it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River, draining an area of 1,329 sqmi in the Allegheny Mountains and the unglaciated portion of the Allegheny Plateau.

Course
The Tygart Valley River rises in the Allegheny Mountains in Pocahontas County and flows generally north-northwestwardly through Randolph, Barbour, Taylor and Marion counties, past the towns of Huttonsville, Mill Creek, Beverly, Elkins, Junior, Belington, Philippi, Arden, and Grafton, to Fairmont, where it joins the West Fork River to form the Monongahela River. (The Tygart is thus the "East Fork" of the Monongahela.) Downstream of Elkins, the Tygart passes through a gap between Rich Mountain and Laurel Mountain, which are considered to be part of the westernmost ridge of the Allegheny Mountains and the boundary between the Alleghenies and the Allegheny Plateau.

Along its course the river collects Leading Creek at Elkins; the Middle Fork River and the Buckhannon River (its largest tributary) in Barbour County; and Sandy Creek and Three Fork Creek in Taylor County. Just upstream of Grafton, the river was impounded by a U.S. Army Corps of Engineers dam in 1938 to form Tygart Lake. Valley Falls State Park is along the river between Grafton and Fairmont.

Discharge
At its mouth, the river has an estimated mean annual flow volume of 2855 cuft/s. At the United States Geological Survey's stream gauge in Philippi, the annual mean flow of the river between 1940 and 2005 was 1,922 ft³/s (54 m³/s). The river's highest flow during the period was estimated at 61,000 ft3/s (1,727 m3/s) on November 5, 1985. The lowest recorded flow was 4.9 ft3/s (0.1 m3/s) on several days in October 1953.

At an upstream gauge near the community of Dailey in Randolph County, the annual mean flow of the river between 1915 and 2005 was 358 ft3/s (10 m3/s). The highest recorded flow during the period was 19,900 ft3/s (564 m3/s) on May 17, 1996. Readings of zero were recorded for several months during autumn of the years 1930 and 1953.

History
The Tygart Valley was first settled by Europeans in 1753 when David Tygart (for whom the valley and river are named) and Robert Files (or Foyle) located (separately) with their families in the vicinity of present-day Beverly. Although there had been no recent history of conflicts between whites and Indians in that immediate area, that summer a party of Indians traveling the Shawnee Trail discovered the Files cabin and killed seven members of the family. One son escaped and alerted the Tygart family, allowing all to escape. No other white settlement was attempted in present Randolph County until 1772. (It has been thought that Tygart was again among those settling then, but this is not certain).

The brothers John and Samuel Pringle, who had taken up residence along the Buckhannon tributary of the Tygart (in present Upshur County) in 1761, acted as their contemporary Daniel Boone was doing in Kentucky and guided numerous immigrant settlers into the main valley of the Tygart which at that time abounded in game and fertile bottomlands. Settlers of the 1770s and '80s included the Connelly, Hadden, Jackson, Nelson, Riffle, Stalnaker, Warwick, Westfall, Whiteman and Wilson families. (One settler, John Jackson [1715–1801] from County Londonderry, Ireland, was great-grandfather to Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson.)

Several minor actions occurred in the Valley during the American Civil War, including the Battle of Philippi, the Battle of Laurel Hill and the Battle of Cheat Mountain, all in 1861.

Variant names and spellings
The United States Board on Geographic Names settled on "Tygart River" as the stream's name in 1902, and changed it to "Tygart Valley River" in 1950. According to the Geographic Names Information System, the Tygart Valley River has also been known historically as:

title: Tygart Valley River


text:
User:Alibadawi

My name is Muhammad Ali bin Haji Badawi. I am an ethnic Malay who is a practising member of the Ahl-ul-Sunnah-Waal-Jamaah denomination. The Islam that I advocate is Socialist Islam as advocated by the Syrian Ba'ath Party. I believe the basis of democracy means equality among various communities, such as Muslims, Christians, Buddhists, Hindus, Jews, and Sikhs as practised in Syria, and not like inequality among various communities as found in my homeland, Malaysia.

title: User:Alibadawi


text: User talk:71.96.141.243

title: User talk:71.96.141.243


text: Talk:Barry Boy

title: Talk:Barry Boy


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Regimen

A regimen is a plan, or course of action such as a diet, exercise or medical treatment. A low-salt diet is a regimen. A course of penicillin is a regimen, and there are many chemotherapy regimens in the treatment of cancer.

History
The work, Regimen in Acute Diseases, attributed to the ancient Greek physician, Hippocrates of Cos, describes the types and usage of medical regimens in his era (400 BCE). This is perhaps the first appearance of the term. PubMed at the US National Library of Medicine lists over 220,000 articles using the term "regimen" from 1892 to January 2013. In the context of medieval medicine, regimen referred to the careful management of habits, diet, and schedule to keep the four humors in equilibrium. By manipulating the six non-naturals (airs, diet, sleep, exercise, evacuation, and emotion) a person could keep track of their physical and mental wellbeing by attending to regimen.

Usage in statistics
In economic statistics, a regimen refers to the selected goods and/or services priced for the purpose of compiling a price index. The most well known example is the consumer price index.

title: Regimen


text: Category:Vietnamese astronauts

title: Category:Vietnamese astronauts


text:
South Fork Fishing and Hunting Club

The South Fork Fishing and Hunting Club was a Pennsylvania corporation that operated an exclusive and secretive retreat at a mountain lake near South Fork, Pennsylvania. Its members were more than 50 extremely wealthy industrialists and their families. Most were based in Pittsburgh, the center of steel and related industries.

The club owned the South Fork Dam and an associated reservoir. The earthen dam failed on May 31, 1889, causing the Johnstown Flood that killed more than 2,200 people downstream. An estimated 14.3 million tons of water from Lake Conemaugh were released, wreaking devastation along the valley of South Fork Creek and the Little Conemaugh River and the dozen miles downstream to Johnstown, Pennsylvania.

It was the worst disaster in U.S. history at the time. Relief efforts were among the first major actions of Clara Barton and her newly organized American Red Cross.

The club was found to have neglected maintenance on the earthen dam and performed some ill-advised alterations. Despite some years of claims and litigation, the club and its members were never found to be liable for monetary damages. The corporation was disbanded in 1904. Its real estate was sold by the local sheriff at public auction, largely to satisfy a mortgage on the large clubhouse.

The club, the flood and later investigations have continued to be subject of studies, commemoration, and cultural works. A Johnstown Flood National Memorial was created. In addition, in 1986 the remaining buildings of the club and associated property were designated as a National Historic Landmark District, and listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Club and dam history
In the late 19th century, Pittsburgh was the center of industry and had many extremely wealthy entrepreneurs and businessmen. In 1880, entrepreneur Benjamin Franklin Ruff suggested organizing a club to establish an exclusive mountain retreat as a center of summer recreation for members. He and Henry Clay Frick established the club in 1881.

Ruff had previously bought property that he offered for sale to the club, promoting the idea to Henry Clay Frick, a friend and among the wealthy elite group of men who controlled Pittsburgh's steel, rail and other industries. The newly organized club purchased property including an old dam and abandoned reservoir from Ruff. He had purchased it from former Congressman John Reilly (D-PA).

The reservoir behind the dam was named as Lake Conemaugh by the club. It was about 2 mi long, approximately 1 mi wide, and 60 ft deep near the dam. The lake had a perimeter of 7 mi and could hold 14.3 million tons of water. When the water was "up" in the spring, the lake covered more than 400 acre. The South Fork Dam was 72 ft high and 931 ft long.

Despite being both well-designed and well-built when new, it failed for the first time in 1862. A history of negligent maintenance and alterations were later believed to have contributed to its failure on May 31, 1889. Between 1881 when the club was opened and 1889, this dam frequently sprang leaks and was patched, mostly with mud and straw.

Dam flaws
Before closing on Ruff's purchase, Congressman Reilly had had crucial discharge pipes removed and sold for their value as scrap metal. There was no longer a practical way to lower the level of water behind the dam should repairs be indicated.

Ruff, although not a civil engineer, had a background that included being a railroad tunnel contractor. He had supervised repairs to the dam. But these did not include a successful resolution of the inability to discharge the water and substantially lower the lake for repair purposes.

The five cast iron discharge pipes, each with an inside diameter of two feet, had previously allowed a controlled release of water. When the initial renovation was completed under Ruff's oversight, it became impossible to drain the lake to repair the dam properly, as the dam and lake area were modified to suit recreational interests.

Most significantly, in order to provide a carriageway across the dam, the top was leveled off, lowering it. The dam was only a few feet higher than the water level at its lowest point. To compound the problem, the club owners and managers had erected fish screens across the mouth of the spillway. Although that was intended to keep water from accumulating to the point of straining the dam, the spillway screens became clogged with debris, restricting the outflow of water.

Daniel Johnson Morrell became a member of the club to observe the state of the dam under its stewardship. He campaigned to club officials, especially to Ruff, its co-founder, regarding the safety of the dam. Morrell insisted on inspections of the dam's breastwork both by his own engineers (including John Fulton), and by those of the Pennsylvania Railroad. Morrell's warnings went unheeded. His offer to do repairs, partially at his own expense, was rejected by club president Benjamin F. Ruff (who died two years before the flood). Morrell joined the club to further express his concerns, but died four years before the flood he had labored to prevent.

The dam had not failed completely since 1862. Notwithstanding leaks and other warning signs, the flawed dam held the waters of Lake Conemaugh back until disaster struck in May 1889. The president of the club at the time of the flood was Colonel Elias Unger. The founding entrepreneur, Benjamin F. Ruff, had died several years earlier, and Unger had been on the job only a short time.

The American Society of Civil Engineers launched an investigation of the South Fork Dam breach immediately after the flood. However, according to modern research conducted by, among others, University of Pittsburgh instructor Neil M. Coleman, the report was delayed, subverted, and whitewashed, before being released two years after the disaster.

Coleman published a book that gave details of the 21st-century investigation, its participating engineers, and the science behind the 1889 flood, titled Johnstown's Flood of 1889 - Power Over Truth and the Science Behind the Disaster (2018).

Club members
The sixteen charter members of the South Fork Fishing and Hunting Club, including Henry Clay Frick who assembled them in November 1879, were Benjamin Ruff, T. H. Sweat, Charles J. Clarke, Thomas Clark, Walter F. Fundenberg, Howard Hartley, Henry C. Yeager, J. B. White, E. A. Myers, C. C. Hussey, D. R. Euwer (as spelled below), C. A. Carpenter, W. L. Dunn, W. L. McClintock, and A. V. Holmes.

Alphabetically, a complete listing of club membership included:

 * Edward Jay Allen – helped to organize the Pacific and Atlantic Telegraph Company
 * D. W. C Bidwell – owner of a mining industry explosives supply company
 * James W. Brown – member of the 58th United States Congress, president of the Colonial Steel Company, and secretary and treasurer for Hussey, Howe and Company, Steel Works, Ltd.
 * Hilary B. Brunot – attorney in Pittsburgh
 * John Caldwell, Jr. – treasurer of the Philadelphia Company
 * Andrew Carnegie – Scottish-American industrialist, businessman, entrepreneur and a major philanthropist
 * C.A. Carpenter – freight agent for the Pennsylvania Railroad
 * John Weakley Chalfant – president of People's National Bank, associated with steel tubing manufacturer Spang, Chalfant and Company
 * George H. Christy – attorney in Pittsburgh
 * Thomas Clark
 * Charles John Clarke – founder of Pittsburgh-based transportation company Clarke and Company, father of Louis Clarke
 * Louis Semple Clarke – co-founder of the Autocar Company and developer of the first porcelain-insulated spark plugs
 * A. C. Crawford
 * William T. Dunn – owner of the building supply company William T. Dunn and Company
 * Cyrus Elder (1833-1912); prominent attorney; chief counsel for the Cambria Iron Company; author; civil leader; sole Johnstown resident club member, who had acquired Daniel Johnson Morrell's membership upon his death; flood survivor
 * Daniel R. Euwer – lumber dealer for Euwer and Brothers
 * John King Ewing – involved with real estate through Ewing and Byers
 * Aaron S. French – founder of A. French Spring Company, manufacturer of steel springs for railroad cars
 * Henry Clay Frick – successful American industrialist and art patron
 * Walter Franklin Fundenburg – dentist
 * A. G. Harmes – manufacturer of machinery through his Harmes Machinery Depot
 * John A. Harper –assistant cashier of the Bank of Pittsburgh, president of Western Pennsylvania Hospital
 * Howard Hartley – manufacturer of leather products and rubber belts through Hartley Brothers
 * Henry Holdship – co-founder of the Art Society of Pittsburgh and the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra
 * Americus Vespecius Holmes – vice-president of Dollar Bank
 * Durbin Horne – president of retail company Joseph Horne and Company
 * George Franklin Huff – member of the Pennsylvania State Senate from 1884 to 1888, member of the 52nd United States Congress, the 54th United States Congress, and the 58th United States Congress and the three succeeding Congresses
 * Christopher Curtis Hussey – Hussey, Howe and Company, steel manufacturers
 * Harriet Augusta Byram Hussey – wife of C.C. Hussey, elected as the club's only female member following her husband's death in 1884
 * Lewis Irwin
 * Philander Chase Knox – American lawyer and politician who served as US Attorney General, U.S. Senator from Pennsylvania, and, lastly, as Secretary of State from 1909 to 1913
 * Frank B. Laughlin – secretary of the Solar Carbon and Manufacturing Company
 * John Jacob Lawrence – paint and color manufacturer, partner of Moses Suydam
 * John George Alexander Leishman – worked in various executive positions at Carnegie Steel Company, served as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Turkey from 1899–1901
 * Jesse H. Lippincott – associated with the Banner Baking Powder firm
 * Sylvester Stephen Marvin – in the cracker business, founding S. S. Marvin Co., centerpiece to the organization of the National Biscuit Company)
 * Frank T., Oliver, and Walter L. McClintock – associated with O. McClintock and Company, a mercantile house
 * James S. McCord – owner of the wholesale hatters McCord and Company
 * James McGregor
 * W. A. McIntosh (president of the New York and Cleveland Gas Coal Company; father of Burr McIntosh and Nancy McIntosh)
 * H. Sellers McKee – president of the First National Bank of Birmingham, founder of Jeannette, Pennsylvania
 * Andrew W. Mellon – American banker, industrialist, philanthropist, and art collector; US Secretary of the Treasury from March 4, 1921, until February 12, 1932
 * Reuben Miller – Miller, Metcalf and Perkin, Crescent Steel Works
 * Maxwell K. Moorhead – son of James K. Moorhead
 * Daniel Johnson Morrell – general manager of the Cambria Iron Company, member of the 40th United States Congress (and 41st United States Congresses, 1867-1871 (R-PA)
 * William Mullens
 * Edwin A. Meyers – Myers, Shinkle and Company
 * H. P. Patton – associated with the window glass manufacturer A. and D. H. Chambers
 * Duncan Clinch Phillips – window glass millionaire, father of Duncan Phillips
 * Henry Phipps, Jr. – chairman of Carnegie Brothers and Company, American entrepreneur and major philanthropist
 * Robert Pitcairn – Scottish-American railroad executive who headed the Pittsburgh Division of the Pennsylvania Railroad in the late 19th century
 * D. W. Ranking – physician
 * Samuel Rea – an American engineer and the 9th president of the Pennsylvania Railroad from 1913 to 1925
 * James Hay Reed - partner with Philander Knox in the law firm Knox and Reed, a federal judge nominated by President Benjamin Harrison
 * Benjamin F. Ruff – first president of the South Fork Fishing and Hunting Club, tunnel contractor, coke salesman, real estate broker
 * Marvin F. Scaife – producer of iron products through W. B. Scaife and Sons
 * James M. Schoonmaker – J. M. Schoonmaker Coke Company
 * James Ernest Schwartz – president of Pennsylvania Lead Company
 * Frank Semple
 * Christian Bernard Shea – member of Joseph Horne Company
 * Moses Bedell Suydam – M. B. Suydam and Company
 * F. H. Sweet
 * Benjamin Thaw Sr. – co founder of Heda Coke Company, brother of Harry Kendall Thaw
 * Colonel Elias J. Unger – managed hotels along the Pennsylvania Railroad, second and last president of the South Fork Fishing and Hunting Club, honorary title (did not have a military record)
 * Calvin Wells – president of Pittsburgh Forge and Iron Company.
 * James B. White – manufacturer of manganese ore through James B. White and Company
 * John F. Wilcox – civil engineer
 * James H. Willock – cashier of the Second National Bank
 * Joseph R. Woodwell – served on the board of directors for Deposit Bank of Pittsburgh and the Carnegie Institution for Science
 * William K. Woodwell – associated with Joseph R. Woodwell and company
 * H. C. Yeager – dry goods and trimming wholesaler through C. Yeager and Company

Johnstown Flood
After several days of unprecedented rainfall in the Alleghenies, the dam gave way on May 31, 1889. A torrent of water raced downstream, destroying several towns. When it reached Johnstown, 2,209 people were killed, and there was $17 million ($473 million in 2020 terms) in damage. The disaster became widely known as the Johnstown Flood, and locally known as the "Great Flood".

Rumors of the dam's potential for harm, and its likelihood of bursting, had been circulating for years. At least three warnings sent from South Fork to Johnstown by telegram the day of the disaster went virtually unheeded downstream.

When word of the dam's failure was telegraphed from South Fork by Joseph P. Wilson to Robert Pitcairn in Pittsburgh, Frick and other members of the Club gathered to form the Pittsburgh Relief Committee for tangible assistance to the flood victims. They determined to never speak publicly about the club or the Flood. This strategy was a success.

Club members and its attorneys Philander C. Knox and James H. Reed were able to fend off four lawsuits against the club; Colonel Unger, its president; and against 50 named members. Each case was "either settled or discontinued and, as far as is known, no one bringing action profited thereby."

In the years following this disaster, many people blamed the South Fork Fishing and Hunting Club for the flood. The club owned and were responsible to maintain the dam. Despite the evidence to suggest that they were to blame, the Club membership evaded legal responsibility for the disaster. Knox and Reed successfully argued that the dam's failure was a natural disaster and an Act of God. The survivors never received any legal compensation.

The perceived injustice contributed to the acceptance a legal finding of “strict, joint, and several liability,” so that a “non-negligent defendant could be held liable for damage caused by the unnatural use of land.”

Individual members of the club did contribute substantially to the relief efforts. Along with about half of the club members, Henry Clay Frick donated thousands of dollars to the relief effort in Johnstown. After the flood, Andrew Carnegie, one of the club's better-known members, built the town a new library. In modern times, this former library is owned by the Johnstown Area Heritage Association. It houses the Flood Museum.

Aftermath
On February 5, 1904, the Cambria Freeman reported, under the headline "Will Pass Out of History":

"The South Fork Hunting and Fishing Club, owners of the Conemaugh Reservoir at the time of the Great Flood, will soon pass out of history as an organization with the sale of all its personal effects remaining in the clubhouse at the reservoir site. Auctioneer George Harshberger has announced that the sale will take place on Thursday, the 25th inst., at the clubhouse, when the entire furnishings will be disposed of at auction.

In the list to be disposed of are fifty bedroom suites, many yards of carpet, silverware and table ware with the club monogram engraved thereon and many odd pieces of furniture and bric-a-brac. At the time of the Great Flood the club house was handsomely furnished and was fully equipped to care for at least 200 guests. During the summer of 1889 the clubhouse remained open but has since been occupied only by a caretaker."

Legacy of the Flood
Survivors and descendants have worked to create what is known as the Johnstown Flood National Memorial to commemorate events of the flood. It is a park along the river.

South Fork Fishing and Hunting Club Historic District
The Johnstown Flood National Memorial sought stewardship of the club property to "significantly increase the park's capability to interpret the important events surrounding the Johnstown Flood and the individuals associated with it." The South Fork Fishing and Hunting Club Historic District was designated in 1986 as what is now termed a National Historic Landmark District (United States)|historic district]] and listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

The district includes eight contributing buildings remaining from the club, including the club house and six cottages. They are representative of popular late-19th century architectural styles, including Stick/Eastlake, Gothic Revival, and Queen Anne.

Representation in other media

 * In Sunlight, In a Beautiful Garden is a 2001 novel by Kathleen Cambor, based on the flood. It briefly refers to certain historic club figures in cameo roles.

title: South Fork Fishing and Hunting Club


text:
User talk:Tremor27

Welcome, from Journalist
Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!
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Marvel Universe
Greetings, this is Wilfredo Martinez, the author of the Concepts section of the Marvel Universe page. I noticed you removed the sections that mention that the figures of Christianity seen in the Marvel universe have always been impostors, and that Gaea is the ancestor of the second generation of gods. These are both actual facts from the comics, and I feel both should be mentioned. Could you explain your reasons? Also, it would be appreciated if you discussed such major changes on an article's discussion page before effecting them. Wilfredo Martinez 04:16, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

I'm sorry you think I deleted anything from the concepts section of the Marvel Universe page, but it wasn't me. I have made additions to the Artifacts section about Adamantium, and a further explanation of the Power Cosmic.Tremor27 17:09, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

Oops, you're right, I confused you with another person who had done an edit right before yours. My apologies. :P Wilfredo Martinez 00:31, 25 August 2005 (UTC) That's ok. I hope to expand on a number of other Marvel Universe entries in the near future, and could do with some pointers on where to start. Tremor27 09:13, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Tremor27


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Zhang Yuan (director)

Zhang Yuan (born October 1963) is a Chinese film director who has been described by film scholars as a pioneering member of China's Sixth Generation of filmmakers. He and his films have won ten awards out of seventeen nominations received at international film festivals.

Feature films
Born in Nanjing, the capital of Jiangsu Province, Zhang received a BA in cinematography from the Beijing Film Academy in 1989. Having initially emerged onto the film scene shortly after the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, he is frequently referenced as an exemplar of the pioneers who are grouped into the loosely defined Sixth Generation. Despite a diploma from the prestigious Film Academy, Zhang decided to eschew his assigned position within the People's Liberation Army-connected August First Film Studio, choosing instead to produce his films independently. As a fledgling filmmaker, he chose to shoot in a documentary style and has referred to these early films (Mama, Sons, and Beijing Bastards) as "documentary feature-films."

Aside from some original short subjects he directed as a student filmmaker, the official debut of his career in 1990 is Mama, a semi-documentary account of a mother and her retarded son, which is considered to have a historical spot as one of the first features of the Sixth Generation movement and as China's "first independent film since 1949". His next film, 1993's Beijing Bastards follows Beijing's disaffected youth subculture and another title, Sons, in the same manner as Mama, blends the line between fiction and documentary film, as the actors, playing themselves, recreate the actual destruction of their family due to alcoholism and mental illness. However, the transgressive nature of these films (which depicted Chinese youth and society in harsh and unflattering imagery and terms), quickly came to the attention of the Chinese authorities. By April 1994, the Ministry of Film, Television and Culture issued a statement banning Zhang from filmmaking. Also banned were fellow Sixth-Generation directors He Jianjun, Wang Xiaoshuai, the documentary filmmaker Wu Wenguang, Fifth Generation director Tian Zhuangzhuang, and Zhang's wife, screenwriter Ning Dai, whose sister, director Ning Ying, is a transitional figure between the Fifth and Sixth Generation. In 1996, two years after the ban went into force, Zhang was ready to present his next, and most-controversial, work, the surreptitiously filmed East Palace, West Palace, also known as Behind the Forbidden City, China's first feature with homosexual characters and, furthermore, their persecution by the police. A print was secretly taken out of China and screened at the 1997 Cannes Film Festival.

After East Palace, West Palace, Zhang's style began to shift away from documentary-like neo-realist dramas to more conventionally filmed features. 1999's Seventeen Years, a family drama and also the first Chinese film with approval to shoot inside a Chinese prison, nevertheless proved a significant international success winning the Best Director award at the Venice Film Festival. 2002–2003 continued to see Zhang approaching more commercially viable works as well as his most prolific period yet, directing three films in the course of a year. The cinematic version of the Communist opera Jiang Jie, the celebrity-helmed romantic mystery Green Tea, and the romantic drama I Love You were successful, if a far cry from his earlier "underground" works. In 2006, he directed Little Red Flowers, based on writer and Chinese cultural icon Wang Shuo's semi-autobiographical novel It Could Be Beautiful. The film garnered a CICAE award at the 2006 Berlin Film Festival.

Documentaries
Between his feature film efforts, Zhang strives to continue producing long-form documentaries. 1994's The Square documents daily life in Tiananmen Square, in the immediate years following the events of the 1989 Democracy demonstrations. The surreptitious shoot took the guise of a program production crew for China Central Television (CCTV).

The late 1990s, meanwhile, saw Zhang indulging again in his interest in documentary form with Demolition and Relocation in 1998, an account of the destruction of Beijing's Hutongs. In 1999, Zhang made Crazy English, which followed Crazy English-founder and motivational speaker Li Yang in a film Zhang himself described as a cross between Triumph of the Will and Forrest Gump. 2000's Miss Jin Xing, meanwhile, follows Zhang's interest in society's marginalized with a touching portrait of China's most famed transgender individual, Jin Xing, who in 1996 came out as a trans woman. Jin's story is told through a series of interviews with those who know her as well as with Jin herself.

Other media
Besides films, Zhang has also directed numerous music videos and commercials. His most fruitful collaboration was with Chinese musician Cui Jian, resulting in several music videos, including the winner of the Best Asian Video, Wild in the Snow, at the 1991 MTV Music Video Awards. In 2000 he was a member of the jury at the 22nd Moscow International Film Festival.

title: Zhang Yuan (director)


text: User talk:70.177.61.97

title: User talk:70.177.61.97


text: User talk:69.40.42.214

title: User talk:69.40.42.214


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Jonathan Large

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. --Tony Sidaway Talk 09:31, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

Jonathan Large
no google hits for "Jonathan Large" + "Jerry Lane"—hoax? If so then delete. JeremyA (talk) 02:52, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

It's a student film. Perhaps he isn't very well known.
 * Delete No IMDb page. Non notable.  CanadianCaesar 03:01, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-notable. *drew 03:21, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete --Tysto 06:04, 2005 August 24 (UTC)
 * Delete. I've found the educational film Temperate Deciduous Forests but it's an indie film that doesn't seem to have made it to festivals or a lot of schools, so I wouldn't call it a hit. The other film is probably a student film spoof of the Phantom Menace. In this case no IMDB means no notability. - Mgm|(talk) 07:53, August 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Films are inherently notable. Voyager640 20:16, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep as per voyager. Trollderella 21:16, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. The reference Mgm found is dated 1999 not 2005. Other stuff unverifiable. NN, but I am leaning toward thinking its a hoax. -- WCFrancis 00:42, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn vanity. -- Etacar11   01:48, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, nn vanity. Nandesuka 13:05, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * delete. Sounds like some kids high school film project. NN Roodog2k 17:19, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: User talk:63.19.128.58

title: User talk:63.19.128.58


text:
Misión Santa Catarina Virgen y Mártir

Mission Santa Catarina (Misión Santa Catarina Virgen y Mártir) was a Spanish mission in present-day Valle del Álamo in Baja California, Mexico. It was founded on 12 November 1797 by the Dominican missionary José Loriente. Virtually nothing remains of the original structures. Archaeological investigations of the mission's traces are in progress.

Location
The site chosen for the mission lay on a plateau at an elevation of 1183 m above sea level, surrounded by an irrigable valley in the Sierra de Juárez, some 62 km east of Mission Santo Tomás. The location was previously known to the native Paipai as Ha'ketepohol, meaning "water that falls loudly". Following the precedent of Mission San Pedro Mártir, it was the second and last of the Baja California missions to be situated in such mountainous terrain.

Today, Santa Catarina is a village of the Paipai and Kumeyaay people.

Mission history
The potential mission site was identified in 1794 by a military party led by Sergeant José Manuel Ruiz and accompanied by missionary Tomás Valdellón. In 1796 lieutenant José Joaquín de Arrillaga, a former gobernor (governor) of the Californias, confirmed the suitability of the site.

A key factor in the selection of this location was its proximity to the pass of Portezuelo, on a route that led east to the desert and to the Colorado River. The mission was intended as a defensive fort against eastern intruders as well as a center for converting the local Indians to Christianity.

Physical construction of the Mission complex began on August 6, 1797. By 1812, the administration of the mission had been turned over to the authorities at Mission San Vicente. Yet in 1824, the mission was home to 600 neophytes, making it the most populous of the Dominican missions in Baja California at that time.

From the onset, the missionaries had to deal with the theft of cattle and attacks by the locals. In 1840, hostile raiders struck, killing 16 neophytes and burning the mission. Mexican soldiers launched a punitive expedition, but the mission was not rebuilt.

Accounts of the mission's demise
An account of the destruction of the mission was given by a Santa Catarina Indian:

A year or two after Fray Félix left for Guadalupe, one September, when most of the people were away from Santa Catalina getting piñon to the northward along the eastern slope of the Sierra Juarez, the Keliwa came and burned the mission. The sacristan and a few old women were there, but they escaped. (A more authentic version states that sixteen of the neophytes were killed in the attack.) Nicuárr, with 500 of his people, pursued the Keliwa into the San Pedro Mártir Sierra and killed most of them (Meigs 1935:122–123).

Still other accounts maintain that the uprising that destroyed the mission included not only the Kiliwa but also the Paipai, Kumeyaay from La Huerta, and Colorado River groups such as the Quechan and Cocopa as well:

They were without a leader in the attack; all fought like animals. They all hated the frailes: the Indians died when the frailes came. They hated the missionaries. (Meigs 1935:123)

Thereafter, the Kiliwa renamed Santa Catarina Wa'iú-ichíu, a combination of the words wa (house), iú (empty), and ichíu (burned).

Appropriation by the Mexican Government
Following the Mexican War of Independence, the 1.5 million acres of land owned by the mission was appropriated by the anticlerical Mexican government. In 1855, the Mexican government granted ownership of the lands of the ex-mission of Santa Catarina to General Ricardo Palacio for his patriotic service to the nation. The grant was made on the conditions that 1) Palacio take possession of the land and have it surveyed within three years, 2) build six houses on the property, and 3) that the land would not be sold to a non-citizen or foreign buyer. In 1861 or 1862, General Palacio passed some of the land to a Manual Castro, who in turn sold it to William Denton, which began the land's passage through several foreign hands. In response, the Mexican government nullified the original grant to General Palacio on the grounds that Palacio had not complied with the conditions of the grant. Ownership of the former lands of Mission Santa Catarina continued to be contested as late as 1916.

The Mission compound
As a defensive measure, the 77 × 53 m mission proper was enclosed by a substantial wall. A watchtower was constructed at the northeast corner, and the only access to the compound was a via a single door located at the south corner.

Valdellón reported in 1797 that the Santa Catarina capilla (chapel) was constructed of adobe bricks and measured 10 × 5 m, and featured a flat roof; it housed a 150 cm tall statue of Saint Catherine of Alexandria. The missionary living quarters measured little more than 25 m², as did the granary. There were also ancillary structures housing three workshops and a women's dormitory, each measuring 5 m square. Additional support buildings were constructed in 1798 and 1799.

As agriculture was fundamental for the subsistence of the site, mission industries consisted mainly of the cultivation of wheat and maize, and the raising and trading of cattle, donkeys, goats, horses, mules, and sheep.

The nearby rancherías of Agua Caliente, Agua Caliente del Portezuelo, Cerro Colorado, El Portezuelo, El Rincón, La Ciénega, La Huerta, Los Bateques, Poza de González, San Pablo, and Sangre de Cristo were integrated into the Mission holdings.

List of resident padres
The following account of Santa Catarina's resident priests is based on the President of the Missions' nómina sacra, or chart of "sacred names":
 * 1674-1689 Bachiller Diego Lucero de Godoy
 * 1797–1804 Tomás Valdellón
 * 1804–1807 Jacinto Fiol
 * 1807–1809 Manuel de Águila
 * 1809–1810 Antonio Fernández
 * 1810–1811 José Duro
 * 1811–1812 Manuel Sáiz
 * 1812–1815 no information available
 * 1815–1817 Antonio Fernández
 * 1817–1819 no information available
 * 1819–1839 Félix Caballero

title: Misión Santa Catarina Virgen y Mártir


text:
Talk:Quezon Service Cross

Untitled
Please don't copy and paste!

Removal of Jesse Robredo
I'm writing this note before I make the actual edit: I'll be removing Jesse Robredo's name on the list because, although the edit has a citation, the official websites of the Philippine government says that it's a different award that is being handed to him:

 *
 *

However, his name appears [Philippine_Legion_of_Honor|in the correct award}, so I won't be editing it. --- Tito Pao (talk) 19:01, 21 May 2013 (UTC)
 * Robredo was awarded the Quezon Service Cross according to this and this .  I added the gov link as a source and fixed his wikilink and the date of award. EricSerge (talk) 16:43, 2 June 2013 (UTC)

Pres. Manuel Roxas was awarded the Quezon Service Cross
I added President Manuel Roxas to the list of Quezon Service Cross recipients considering that he was posthumously awarded by Pres. Magsaysay according to the Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines Vol. 52 No. 7, page cccv. The award was presented on behalf of President Magsaysay by Vice-President Carlos P. Garcia to Mrs. Trinidad L. Roxas, the widow of President Roxas. However, an editor reversed my edit and called it "unverifiable/dubious" despite the fact that I checked the physical copy of the Official Gazette and not the online version which contains so many errors. Do editors not rely on physical copies of the Gazette anymore? This is highly irresponsible. Justinadriel (talk) 06:59, 22 March 2022 (UTC)
 * , unfortunately the claim that Roxas is included could not be verified since no additional reliable sources support that claim. Multiple reliable sources on the internet, such as Inquirer and PNA, have only listed six, and he is not included. If ever Roxas was conferred the award, I highly doubt that he would not be included in lists since he is a high profile figure. You can seek opinions from other editors on Wikipedia talk:Tambayan Philippines regarding this matter. –Sanglahi86 (talk) 12:07, 22 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Why does information in the physical version of the Official Gazette (OG) need to be verified by additional sources? Since when has the Internet become a more reliable source than the physical version of the OG? Even the online version of the OG is erroneous since it lists only five (See: https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/history-of-the-quezon-service-cross/). Since the physical OG is a primary source, I submit that there is no need for additional "reliable" sources. If Inquirer, PNA, or other online sources do not list Roxas, that says a lot about the quality of their research. At least the Museum of Jesse Robredo did their research and included Roxas (See: https://facebook.com/MuseoNiJesseRobredo/albums/1153642651703402). Justinadriel (talk) 01:41, 23 March 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Quezon Service Cross


text:
Talk:Dian Parkinson

{{Image requested|beauty pageant contestants}

Ms. Parkinson, I would like to chat with you. My name is Brian W. email is atennisbuff@yahoo.com Thank you}

Updates

 * Just wondering if there is anything notable to report about Ms. Parkinson since the 1990s, when she left TPiR and her failed sexual harassment lawsuit. Myself, I'm unaware of anything, but perhaps someone out there does know something legitimate. If nothing has happened and she's simply "disappeared," should the article state something about her current status being unknown? Thanks. Briguy52748 22:25, 31 March 2007 (UTC)]]

 * I wish I knew myself. Nothing's said of her anymore. I hope she's okay. I remember reading that she dropped her sexual harassment suit against Bob Barker in 1995 because the stress of it was taking a toll on her health. I'd post it if I could find the source(s) to site. Regardless of who is "right or wrong", I just hope Dian is doing okay... Jeff70.22.160.138 (talk) 23:11, 7 February 2011 (UTC)

angelfire.com link
I have removed this per wp:el. Thanks, --Tom 18:35, 21 May 2007 (UTC)

Possibly living?
I haven't heard anything about Dian Parkinson as of late. Could she be categorised by "Possibly living people" as we haven't heard from her in about fourteen years? 24.107.116.34 (talk) 16:34, 23 May 2009 (UTC)
 * She's pining for the fjords. Per WP:BLP:"Persons are assumed living unless there is a good reason to believe otherwise. (Persons born prior to 1887 can be assumed dead for the purposes of this policy.)". Delicious carbuncle (talk) 01:39, 24 May 2009 (UTC)

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Her birthdate
Someone had added to the November 30 page that Dian Parkinson was born today and included a link as the reference. The link in question is: https://tvovermind.com/whatever-happened-to-dian-parkinson/ and when it was posted, it had an error down in the references.

I decided to fix it up since the reference was missing the title. When I went to the link that was supplied, it has this nugget in there: "Born Dianna Lynn Batts on October 30, 1944, in Jacksonville California,". I went to her page and noticed that it said November 30. I was going to blindly change it, but then wondered if that would be wise to do. I can see maybe a birth year and changing it since actors and actress change dates to make them younger (or older), but an entire month difference? I was not sure how to proceed. Maybe the smart ones from wiki have some thoughts. I did remove the entry form the November 30 page though. posty (talk) 17:20, 30 November 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dian Parkinson


text: User talk:63.18.244.235

title: User talk:63.18.244.235


text:
User talk:FreplySpang

Please click here to leave me a new message. I will typically answer on your talk page to make sure you get the notification.  Don't forget to end your message with four tildes ~, which will automatically sign and date it.

Remember that people's comments on this page may be only one side of a story.

Archives of this talk page:  March2005, April2005, May2005, JulyAugust2005, August2005, September2005, October-December2005, January-February2006, March-April2006, May-June2006, July-August2006, September2006, October2006, November2006, Dec2006 Jan2007 Feb2007 Mar2007 Apr2007 May 2007 - June 2008

ICES (Institution of Civil Engineering Surveyors) wikipedia page
I would like to know why the page that I (Alphag) uploaded has been deleted?

And if so can someone please tell me where there is adequate training to administer wikipedia? The site is extremely un-friendly and un-helpful. The instructions are un-clear and the fact that someone can simply delete your work is not fair, especially when the text is reliable and legitimate. How can one "admin£ person be allowed to delete the text and suggest that the phrase " civil engineering surveying" is quoted from a website when it is not.

Please can someone help a genuin person who uses wikipedia in his every day life and likes it (in general) who is trying to make the most of teh service?

Kind regards Diss gruntled Alphag.

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:58, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Merger discussion for Palm sugar
An article that you have been involved in editing—Palm sugar—has been proposed for merging with another article. If you are interested, please participate in the merger discussion. Thank you. Phonet (talk) 08:24, 21 January 2018 (UTC)

Please attribute or claim media you uploaded or restored: File:Darwinbish.jpg
You uploaded or restored, File:Darwinbish.jpg, but for various reasons did not add an information block, or indicate your (user) name on the file description page. Media uploaded to Wikipedia needs information on the SPECIFIC authorship and source of files, to ensure that it complies with copyright laws in various jurisdictions.

If it's entirely your own work, please include own in the relevant source field, amend the information added by a third party, ensuring that your user name (or name you want used for attribution) is clear in the author field, and change the license to an appropriate "self" variant (if such a license is not already used). You should also add an |author= parameter to the license tag, to assist reviews and image patrollers. You can also add  and an  to the media by uploader or presumed_self tag if it is present to indicate that you've acknowledged the image, and license shown (and updated the information where appropriate).

If it's not entirely your own work, then please update the source and authorship fields, so that they accurately reflect the source and authors of the original work(s), as well as the derivative you created. You should also not use a "self" license unless the work is entirely you own. Media that is incorrectly claimed as self or own, will eventually be listed at Files for Discussion or deleted, unless it's full status is entirely clear to other contributors, reviewers and image patrollers.

Whilst this notification, relates to a single media upload, it would also be appreciated if you could ensure that appropriate attribution exists for other media you uploaded, You can find a list of files you have created [ in your upload log].

It's okay to remove or strike this message once the issue has been resolved :).

ShakespeareFan00 (talk) 07:56, 4 July 2018 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Secondary Futures

The article Secondary Futures has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Doesn't meet WP:ORG or WP:GNG, hence it sitting in CAT:NN for 11 years."

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Boleyn (talk) 09:27, 2 July 2020 (UTC)

title: User talk:FreplySpang


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Jerry Lane

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. --Tony Sidaway Talk 00:26, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

Jerry Lane
non-notable film. No google hits, no IMDB entry. Delete JeremyA (talk) 02:59, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-notable. *drew 03:22, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, nothing on imdb --Fallout boy 05:05, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Ridiculous. --Tysto 06:04, 2005 August 24 (UTC)
 * Delete per nominator. - Mgm|(talk) 07:55, August 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. No verifiable evidence of notability. Capitalistroadster 14:43, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn. -- Etacar11   01:46, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Do Not Delete. This is a film made by 4 kids in somerset ky. (Unsigned vote by, first edit)
 * delete quod erat demonstrandum as per above vote. NN, Vanity Roodog2k 17:21, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Stairs to the Roof

Stairs to the Roof is a play by Tennessee Williams, the last of his apprentice plays. It was completed in December 1941, and premiered (as a full-scale production) at the Pasadena Playhouse on February 26, 1947.

The play is based on earlier stories written by Williams, including "The Swan" and most specifically, one of the same title written in October 1936, after he had recovered from a nervous breakdown arising from his experiences working in the relentlessly mechanical world of the large International Shoes factory in St. Louis, Missouri. Unlike that story, the play is optimistic, with elements of romance and fantasy, and a deus ex machina ending.

The subtitle of the play (and of the earlier story) is "A Prayer for the Wild of Heart That are Kept in Cages"; though that phrase conveys the seriousness of the playwright's chosen topic, its treatment, particularly the elements not present in the original story (such as the Mummers play-within-a-play and the swan-on-a-lake scenes), lighten the tone with elements of fantasy.

Williams scholar Allean Hale, in his introduction to a 2000 New Directions Publishers edition of the play (ISBN 0-8112-1435-4), commented on similarities the play shares with the 1923 expressionist play The Adding Machine by Elmer Rice. Both plays show the robotic typing of office workers, both have a scene of divine intervention and another set by a lake, and both make use of generically named characters (Rice's male lead is "Mr. Zero"; Williams' female lead is "Girl"; Rice has Messrs. One, Two, Three, etc.; Williams' has Messrs. P, D, Q, T).

Playwright's comments
In "Random Observations" written as a preface in 1941, Williams noted that the play was "written for both the stage and the screen" with Burgess Meredith in mind as the protagonist. He acknowledges the play's "didactic material" as being perhaps inappropriate as the country was preparing to go to war, but he felt his protagonist's problems were "universal and everlasting,", an assessment that made the play appropriate even during such a trying time.

Six years later, in remarks published in the Pasadena Playhouse program notes, Williams commented on the play: "When I look back at Stairs to the Roof...I see its faults very plainly, as plainly as you may see them, but still I do not feel apologetic about this play. Unskilled and awkward as I was at this initial period of my playwriting, I certainly had a moral earnestness which I cannot boast of today, and I think that moral earnestness is a good thing for any times, but particularly for these times. I wish I still had the idealistic passion of [protagonist] Benjamin Murphy! You may smile as I do at the sometimes sophomoric aspect of his excitement, but I hope you will respect, as I do, the purity of his feeling and the honest concern which he had in his heart for the basic problem of mankind, which is to dignify our lives with a certain freedom."

title: Stairs to the Roof


text:
Talk:Alperin v. Vatican Bank

Untitled
I set this up primarily to collect content from several other pages, where it was scattered without much order. --Joy [shallot]   03:00, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

Phrases like "almost mythic" suggest aspects of this article come from sensational journalism, not fact.71.198.183.159 17:25, 6 September 2007 (UTC)

The case is pending in federal court as of 2007 - this can be verified at www.vaticanbankclaims.com or doing a PACER search for Alperin v. Vatican Bank.

What is the real importance of this article?
Sincerely, I have never seen in the world press anything relevant about this class action. It seemed more for me like another piece of Serb propaganda here in Wikipedia. Even the case per se could be one, since it was opened just days after the end of the successful Operation Allied Force...

I think this article should be deleted, anyway. It even does not have any kind of trustable references beyond the iste of the claims itself... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 200.206.228.65 (talk) 09:24, 14 March 2008 (UTC)

 * I don't disagree with you entirely. It does have one source, but most of it is unsourced. It has had an unref template for six months. I think that's long enough to leave the unsourced material in the article, especially since only one point of view appears to be covered. I'm giving this a few days for comments, then I'm removing the unsourced sections (most of the article). Ward3001 (talk) 16:10, 14 March 2008 (UTC)

 * The unregistered user's link to Serb propaganda, along with the tone of the comment, is unnecessarily inflammatory and offensive, but I agree that the article should, at least, have the unreferenced material removed. Wikiyuvraj (talk) 00:16, 19 March 2008 (UTC)

 * How about an esteemed Professor of History at a Catholic University endorsement of the lawsuit's premise? See Dr. Michael Phayer, Pius XII: The Holocaust and the Cold War, 2008, ISBN 13:978-0-253-34930-9.  More Serb propaganda I suppose?  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 64.203.193.183 (talk) 12:19, 21 March 2008 (UTC)

The general claims are 95% supported by Dr. Phayer's book. The case is still pending, maybe click on the link to the Fifth Amended Complaint that has an official PACER file stamp on the top? Seems that someone protests too much about Serb propaganda. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Resistk (talk • contribs) 12:26, 21 March 2008 (UTC)

Neutrality
Someone claims that the last section, "Legal Analysis", is not neutral. I don't see why. It seems to involve decent legal argumentation, with reference to analyses from experts, and references to other legal cases. I do not see how this is not neutral. I think the Non-neutrality warning should be removed from the section. 158.143.65.54 (talk) 09:44, 30 April 2012 (UTC)

On the basis of the previous post, I removed the POV-tag. Whoever feels this section is not neutral, should point out exactly which parts. Schlabberbacke (talk) 20:05, 1 October 2012 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Alperin v. Vatican Bank


text:
Zeitgeber

A zeitgeber is any external or environmental cue that entrains or synchronizes an organism's biological rhythms, usually naturally occurring and serving to entrain to the Earth's 24-hour light/dark and 12-month cycles.

History
The term  (lit. 'time giver') was first used by Jürgen Aschoff, one of the founders of the field of chronobiology. His work demonstrated the existence of endogenous (internal) biological clocks, which synchronize biological rhythms. In addition, he found that certain exogenous (external) cues, which he called zeitgeber, influence the timing of these internal clocks.

Photic and nonphotic zeitgebers

 * Light (light is the most potent regulator of circadian rhythms ).
 * Atmospheric conditions
 * Medication
 * Temperature
 * Social interactions
 * Exercise
 * Eating/drinking patterns

Circadian rhythms
Any biological process in the body that repeats itself over a period of approximately 24 hours and maintains this rhythm in the absence of external stimuli is considered a circadian rhythm. It is believed that the brain's suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), or internal pacemaker, is responsible for regulating the body's biological rhythms, influenced by a combination of internal and external cues. To maintain synchrony between the internal clock and the external environment, zeitgebers, such as the sun rising, causes wakefulness in humans. This ability to align behaviors such as feeding and activity to the external environmental cycle is a process called entrainment.

Biological rhythms, including cycles related to sleep and wakefulness, mood, and cognitive performance, are synchronized with the body's internal circadian clock. The best way to observe the workings of this clock is to experimentally deprive individuals of external cues like light and social interaction and allow the body to experience a "free-running" environment – that is, one in which there are no zeitgebers to influence the body's rhythms. Under these circumstances, the circadian clock alone modulates the body's biological rhythms. Normally however, external cues like light-dark cycles and social interactions also exert an influence on the body's rhythms. These zeitgebers do so by alerting individuals to changes in the likelihood of possible rewards or threats in the environment, or allow individuals to anticipate predictable changes in their environment. For example, mice, which are prey organisms, are inactive during the day to avoid predation from predators, which are more active during the day. There is also increased competition for resources during the day, so mice will start to become active as night approaches to both successfully obtain resources for survival and avoid predation.

Early research into circadian rhythms demonstrated that, when humans are without zeitgebers, or in constant lighting conditions, they have a "free running" period of 24.9 hours. In this experiment, humans were in an underground, sound-proof bunker where the lights were continuously on. The subjects prepared their own meals and took their own samples, so there were no social interaction cues either. Humans therefore adjust from 24.9 hr internal rhythm to the 24-hour day.

There are many different zeitgebers, and their relative influence on an individual at any given time depends on a number of factors, time of day the zeitgeber is presented and the intensity of that zeitgeber. For example, Jürgen Aschoff showed that individuals can compensate for the absence of some zeitgebers like natural light by attending to social zeitgebers instead. Specifically, individuals placed in total darkness for four days did not differ on a variety of measures, including body temperature and various psychomotor tasks like time estimation and finger tapping, from individuals placed in an artificial light-dark environment when both groups were given the same strict time schedule. Researchers concluded that social zeitgebers, like meal times and interactions with other people, can entrain biological rhythms in ways similar to those of other common zeitgebers like light.

Psychological effects of changes
Since the internal clock sets itself using zeitgebers, the loss or disruption of an individual's usual zeitgebers can be very disorienting. When an individual experiences significant changes in zeitgebers, such as being irregularly scheduled for the night shift, those changes can have a variety of negative effects. One example of this phenomenon is jetlag, in which traveling to another time zone causes desynchronization in sleep-wake cycles, appetite, and emotions. Such zeitgeber disruptions can also lead to decreased cognitive performance, negative mood, and in some cases, episodes of mental illness.

Cognitive performance
Researchers have shown that the 24-hour circadian clock also influences cognitive performance in a wide variety of paradigms, including serial search, verbal reasoning, working memory tasks, suppressing wrong answers, and manual dexterity. Performance on these tasks varies over the course of a day, with each type of task having a unique daily rhythm. For example, the best time to perform a working memory task tends to be midday, while immediate memory is best in the morning, and simple processing is ideally performed in the evening. In addition, individual differences among participants can have an effect on daily rhythms in performance. Studies have found that children perform mental math exercises most successfully in the morning, but young adults' performance peaks in the evening. This variation in the performance of various tasks is attributable to a number of factors, including relative working memory load, change in strategy, hemispheric dominance, ability to suppress wrong answers, age, level of practice, and morningness-eveningness, many of which fluctuate according to time of day. Based on these findings, researchers conclude that factors that disturb circadian rhythms can also affect cognitive performance.

Mood disorders
Disturbances in zeitgebers can exert a negative influence on emotion and mood as well as cognitive functioning. The disturbance of biological rhythms by zeitgebers is theorized to increase risk for some forms of psychopathology. There is strong evidence that individuals with depression experience irregular biological rhythms, including disrupted sleep-wake cycles, temperature, and cortisol rhythms. These findings support the theory first proposed by Ehlers, Frank, and Kupfer in 1988 that says that stressful life events can lead to depressive episodes by disrupting social and biological rhythms, leading to negative symptoms like sleep disturbance that can trigger depression in vulnerable individuals. Recent work has also demonstrated that interventions like light therapy, sleep deprivation, and some pharmacological antidepressants may be effective in treating depression by reordering these rhythms to their natural state. Such interventions influence an individual's mood, body temperature, cortisol levels, and melatonin production, all of which appear to be irregular in depressed individuals.

Social zeitgebers and mood disorders
Some researchers have suggested that the disturbances in biological rhythms present in depressed individuals may actually be the result of previous disruptions in social interactions, which serve as cues for those rhythms. This possibility may help to explain the relationship between stressful life events and the development of mood disorders. For example, newly married or cohabiting couples often need to adjust to each other's sleeping rhythms when beginning to share the same bed for the first time. This adjustment can be difficult and may lead to disruptions in sleep quality and quantity, and possibly increase risk for depression as a result. Researchers have attempted to explore the effect life events that disturb social rhythms might have on depressive symptoms in a number of ways. A number of studies have looked at whether the loss of a spouse, a significant negative life event often associated with increased depressive symptoms, might lead to increased depression via disrupted social rhythms. In addition to grief, bereaved spouses may also be dealing with changes in numerous social zeitgebers. For instance, bereaved spouses may suddenly be faced with changes in meal times, responsibilities for additional chores, social expectations, or simply the reality of living day to day without one's usual conversational partner. Taken together, findings from studies on bereaved spouses indicate that when bereavement is associated with changes in social rhythms, depressive symptoms are likely to increase; however, if bereaved individuals are able to maintain social rhythms after the death of their spouse, increased depression is less likely. These findings suggest that social rhythm stability may not be entirely dependent on life events, but rather has some traitlike elements as well, since some individuals may be more likely to maintain social rhythms than others following the occurrence of a significant life event.

As of the year 2000, studies have also found a connection between the disruption of social rhythms and the triggering of manic episodes in bipolar disorder. Differentiating between zeitgeber disturbances that lead to depression and those that lead to manic episodes has proven difficult. However, in both unipolar and bipolar depression, the concept of social zeitgebers as potential risk factors has influenced the development of interventions to address this risk. For bipolar disorder, Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Therapy (IPSRT) is meant to regulate and normalize an individual's social rhythms, including meal times, personal relationships, exercise, and social demands. By regulating social rhythms, therapists hope to normalize in turn individuals' biological rhythms. Studies have not found much evidence that IPSRT improves mood, but individuals undergoing IPSRT experience longer periods between bipolar episodes, indicating that normalizing social rhythms may have a preventative effect.

Seasonal affective disorder
Seasonal affective disorder may occur as a result of deficiencies in zeitgebers (such as light) during the winter months that stimulate the reward activation system, resulting in a depressed mood. Some studies have pointed to the hormone melatonin, which is regulated by circadian rhythms, as a possible mechanism. Because circadian clocks synchronize human sleep-wake cycles to coincide with periods of the day during which reward potential is highest – that is, during the daytime – and recent studies have determined that daily rhythms in reward activation in humans are modulated by circadian clocks as well, external influences on those rhythms may influence an individual's mood.

title: Zeitgeber


text:
Ezion-Geber

Ezion-Geber ( Biblical: Ġeṣyōn Geḇer; also Asiongaber) is a city only known from the Hebrew Bible, in Idumea, a seaport on the northern extremity of the Gulf of Aqaba, in modern terms somewhere in the area of modern Aqaba and Eilat.

According to Targum Jonathan, the name means "city of the rooster" (כְּרַך תַּרְנְגוֹלָא).

Biblical references
Ezion-Geber is mentioned six times in the Tanakh. According to the Book of Numbers, Ezion-Geber was a place first mentioned as an Israelite campsite toward the close of the nation's 40 years in the wilderness after the Exodus from Egypt.

The "ships of Tharshish" of Solomon and Hiram started from this port on their voyage to Ophir. It was the main port for Israel's commerce with the countries bordering on the Red Sea and Indian Ocean. According to Book of II Chronicles, Jehoshaphat, the King of Judah, joined with Ahaziah, the King of Israel, to make ships in Ezion-geber; but God disapproved of the alliance, and the ships were broken in the port.

In (King James Version) it says:
 * And king Solomon made a navy of ships in Eziongeber, which is beside Eloth, on the shore of the Red sea, in the land of Edom.
 * And Hiram sent in the navy his servants, shipmen that had knowledge of the sea, with the servants of Solomon.
 * And they came to Ophir, and fetched from thence gold, four hundred and twenty talents, and brought it to king Solomon.

Archaeological search
The location of Ezion-Geber is debated and has yet to be confirmed by archaeology.

Tell el-Kheleifeh
Ruins at Tell el-Kheleifeh were identified with Ezion-Geber by the German explorer F. Frank and later excavated by Nelson Glueck, who thought he had confirmed the identification, but a later re-evaluation dates them to a period between the 8th and 6th centuries BCE with occupation continuing possibly into the 4th century BCE. However, Marta Luciani argues that old and newly identified samples of Qurayya ware at the site indicate that it was occupied from the Late Bronze Age onwards.

Pharaoh's Island
Alternatively, some scholars identify Pharaoh's Island with biblical Ezion-Geber.

title: Ezion-Geber


text:
User talk:Brentstewart

Brent Stewart lives in Hickory, NC, and lectures and writes on computer networking.--Brentstewart 03:02, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Brentstewart


text:
User talk:Rcarey1979

Welcome, from Journalist
Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!
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Sid Haig
Stop adding unencyclopediac information. An offhand comment made by Sid Haig is NOT relevant to an ancyclopedia article. So he made a mistake about Night of the Living Dead. Big deal. And saying that because of that he's no longer an expert on the genre is original research; making one mistake doesn't take away from everything he else he does know.--CyberGhostface 21:51, 4 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Adding unencyclopediac POV original research despite comments from other editors? If it was relevant you would have supported why you believe it should stay, but you haven't.--CyberGhostface 23:07, 4 March 2007 (UTC)
 * First off I have no affiliation with Sid Haig or his website. Nada. I liked two of his films and thats pretty much it. I posted for one week on his forum and I haven't been there since. I do consider myself a fan of his, I won't deny that, but I'm not hired by Sid Haig to remove any unnecessary information.
 * Sid Haig getting zombie mythology is irrelevant to the article. If it was a major incident, something that was reported by several websites and gave Sid some notoriety, I would agree that it had a place. But all it was was a throwaway line about zombies eating brains. Its a fairly common mistake. If Sid had said, "Oh Ken Foree did a great job in it" that would probably be worth noting as its a fairly huge error. You writing "he revealed that he was no expert on the genre" is a pretty biased slant as well. Not an expert on zombies, perhaps, but on the horror genre as a whole? It was one isolated incident that no one else besides you has commented on and really does nothing to improve the article.
 * I guess if you stripped it of its jargon and stated the facts as it is, that Sid made reference to zombies eating brains when in fact that mythology wasn't introduced until later WITHOUT the whole bit about being "no expert on the genre" people might not have a problem. I think that it'd be better suited for the NotlD article instead, but I wouldn't attempt to remove it.--CyberGhostface 01:39, 5 March 2007 (UTC)

Regarding reversions made on March 5 2007 to Sid Haig
Please refrain from undoing other people's edits repeatedly. If you continue, you may be blocked from editing Wikipedia. Note that the three-revert rule prohibits making more than three reversions in a content dispute within a 24 hour period. Additionally, users who perform a large number of reversions in content disputes may be blocked for edit warring, even if they do not technically violate the three-revert rule. Rather than reverting, discuss disputed changes on the talk page. The revision you want is not going to be implemented by edit warring. Thank you. Glen 05:59, 5 March 2007 (UTC)

 * I'd also like to point out that User:Spirot is not me despite what you may think so please stop making that accusation. If you want proof, request a checkuser. Glen 07:34, 5 March 2007 (UTC)

Abuse/Slander From User Spirot
Glen, look at Spirot's comments here. He continues to be extremely insultive and continues to accuse me and (and many others) of vandalism. I really do not see how this abusive, angry attitude that does anything to faciliate resolution of this issue. I am getting fed up with being repeatedly accused of "vandalism" and "Stalking Sid" (??!!!) because this person takes issue with a verified, factual item I posted. Does he get warnings about this behavior Glen? Is it perfectly fine to slander other users with baseless accusations of stalking people???? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Rcarey1979 (talk • contribs).

 * Because of this edit warring the Sid Haig article is now fully protected. This is a last resort in disputes and quite frankly, as (in my opinion) your edits are the main cause of the dispute I am now coming straight to the source.
 * The info you keep adding is completely unacceptable on many levels and you must stop now. The phrase revealed that he was no expert on the genre (an an example) is POV, however ALL of it is unencyclopedic. I'll cut to the chase; If you continue to try to add this to the article, then you will be blocked from editing. If you are unhappy about this, seek dispute resolution - otherwise, this is effective immediately. I am going to unprotect the article. Glen 05:18, 6 March 2007 (UTC)

July 2007
Welcome to Wikipedia. Although we invite everyone to contribute constructively to our encyclopedia, at least one of your recent edits was not constructive and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. Acalamari 01:51, 10 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Please stop. If you continue to vandalize Wikipedia, you will be blocked from editing. Acalamari 01:52, 10 July 2007 (UTC)

Copyright problem: Imagination Movers
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 * If you own the copyright to the material: send an e-mail from an address associated with the original publication to permissions-en(at)wikimedia(dot)org or a postal message to the Wikimedia Foundation permitting re-use under the GFDL and CC-BY-SA, and note that you have done so on Talk:Imagination Movers. See Donating copyrighted materials for instructions.

It may also be necessary for the text be modified to have an encyclopedic tone and to follow Wikipedia article layout. For more information on Wikipedia's policies, see Wikipedia's policies and guidelines.

If you would like to begin working on a new version of the article you may do so at [ this temporary page]. Leave a note at Talk:Imagination Movers saying you have done so and an administrator will move the new article into place once the issue is resolved. Thank you, and please feel welcome to continue contributing to Wikipedia. Happy editing! Moonriddengirl (talk) 23:54, 30 June 2009 (UTC)

title: User talk:Rcarey1979


text:
Stephen Stapleton

Stephen Stapleton (born 1976) is an artist, social entrepreneur, and founding director of Edge of Arabia,  CULTURUNNERS, and the UK charity The Crossway Foundation (a UK charity enabling cultural exchange and training for young people).

Stapleton is known for developing platforms for cultural exchange and diplomacy between the Middle East, Europe and the United States.

Stapleton has produced over 50 international exhibitions including at Museums and Biennales in London, New York, Venice, Istanbul, Berlin, Dubai, Riyadh, Jeddah, Miami, Aspen, Houston, Oslo, San Francisco, Salt Lake City, Detroit, Memphis, Lewiston, Washington, D.C., and Los Angeles. Stapleton has published six internationally distributed books and produced a series of Virtual Reality and Short Film documentaries for distribution via international media platforms including The Guardian, Creative Time and VR Forum.

Background
Stephen Stapleton was born on 24 March 1976 in Aylesbury, United Kingdom. He studied at Radley College, the University of Brighton and the University of London.

Career
In 2002 to 2003 during an artist-led expedition across the Middle East, Stapleton visited the al-Meftaha Arts Village in South-Western Saudi Arabia where he became intrigued by the work of the artists he met there. From this encounter, Stapleton founded the company Edge of Arabia and began producing international exhibitions of Arab contemporary art (with a focus on Saudi Arabia) across Europe, the United States, and the Middle East.

In 2011, Stapleton produced The Future of a Promise, bringing together more than twenty-five recent art works and commissions by some of the foremost Arab world artists to make the largest Pan-Arab landmark exhibition of contemporary art at the 54th International Art Exhibition – la Biennale di Venezia.

In September 2014, he launched (at the Rothko Chapel) the company CULTURUNNERS providing an independent model of cultural exchange and artist-point-of-view storytelling across physical and ideological borders. As its first project, CULTURUNNERS embarked on the largest ever cultural diplomacy tour (2014–2018) between the Middle East and the United States, traveling over 30,000 miles across the US in a 34-foot converted RV hosting over 120 artists and delivering exhibitions, films and events in museums and institutions.

At end of 2017 Stapleton became an Executive Producer leading development and financing of the VR Film 'Reframe Saudi' that explores the social and economic transformations reshaping Saudi from the perspectives of a new generation of contemporary artists. On completion of filming in 2018 it undertook a tour of Festival de Cannes, Phillips NY, Art Dubai, Tribeca Film Festival, Milano Film Festival and was chosen as an official selection at the World VR Forum (WVRF).

During 2018 Stapleton initiated and created a global arts program revealed at MOMA (Program launch & Cultural Threads think tank), Art Dubai & Dubai Art Week (Fully Booked, Huroof Exhibition and symposium), LACMA (VIP event), Kennedy Center Washington DC (Saudi Art Exhibition), Newseum, Washington DC (Changing Landscapes Panel Discussion), Phillips (Reframe Saudi Exhibition & VR Screening), KSA/LAX (Space Land), Art Paris Art Fair & Institut de Monde Arab, (MisKulturExpo), and UNESCO (think tank). He also created the first ever Saudi National Pavilion at the La Biennale di Veneziz International Architecture Biennale.

In October 2018 in New York, Stapleton as Director of Edge of Arabia conceived and led the development of the Arab World Art & Education Initiative, to build greater understanding between the United States and the Arab world through museums, exhibitions, artist dialogues and education programs in schools and universities. Partners include: 2 Bridges Music Arts, Art Jameel, ArtX, Asia Society Brooklyn Museum, Columbia University, Edge of Arabia Middle East Institute, Misk Art Institute, Pioneer Works, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, Elizabeth Foundation for the Arts, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Museum of Modern Art, UNESCO, Washington Street Historical Society and WeWork.

title: Stephen Stapleton


text:
Cool and the Crazy

Cool and the Crazy is a 1994 American made-for television drama film written and directed by Ralph Bakshi and starring Jared Leto and Alicia Silverstone. The story revolves around an unhappily married couple in the late 1950s who both lead separate affairs. The film was Bakshi's first feature-length live-action film, being primarily known as a director of animated films which heavily utilize live-action sequences, such as Fritz the Cat, Heavy Traffic, Wizards, American Pop and The Lord of the Rings.

Cool and the Crazy first aired on the cable television network Showtime on September 16, 1994, as part of the series Rebel Highway.

Plot
High school sweethearts Michael and Roslyn happily marry during the 1950s, both 18. Things go along smoothly until Roslyn gets pregnant, at age 19. The bills pile up and the two grow apart from each other. Roslyn spends most of the time taking care of their child and hanging out with her best friend, Joannie, who is married to a guy named Bobby. Joannie has been cheating on her husband with a man named Frankie.

Roslyn is introduced to Frankie's friend, Joey, a bad boy who is also married. Immediately, Roslyn begins an affair with Joey. At first Michael doesn't suspect anything, but when the two girl friends go out at night and come back later and later, it dawns on him that they are both having affairs. Michael works at a design company with Lorraine, who is into the Beat and jazz scenes. One night, he goes out to have an affair with her. The next morning, however, his uptight attitudes causes him to back out of the affair when he learns that he's not her only lover. Eventually Lorraine leaves to go to New York City. At the same time, Roslyn's trying to break off her affair with Joey, but he won't give up that easily. Varied events soon escalate in violence. Joey kidnaps Roslyn, and Michael goes after them, and takes his wife back from him. Michael and Roslyn go their separate ways, and Michael hits the road.

Cast

 * Jared Leto as Michael, Roslyn's husband and the father of Michael Jr. He lives unhappily in his marriage as he feels that Roslyn is pushing him away.
 * Alicia Silverstone as Roslyn, Michael's wife and the mother of Michael Jr. She feels alone at home taking care of the house and the baby, big when Joey comes along, he shows her the world of being free and shows her more fun types of sex.
 * Jennifer Blanc as Joannie, Roslyn's best friend who has an affair before Roslyn does.
 * Matthew Flint as Joey, Roslyn's secret boyfriend and sex buddy.
 * Bradford Tatum as Frankie, Joannie's unhappy husband.
 * Christine Harnos as Lorraine, Michael's co worker who he too has an affair with.
 * Richard Singer as Neal
 * Tuesday Knight as Brenda
 * Christian Frizzell as Bobby
 * John Hawkes as "Crazy"

Production
Ralph Bakshi began developing Cool and the Crazy in the late 1960s under the title If I Catch Her, I'll Kill Her. United Artists and Paramount Pictures each paid Bakshi to develop the film in the 1970s, but were unwilling to produce it, as were the studios Bakshi pitched the film to in the 1980s. According to Bakshi, "They thought that no one was going to admit that women can—and do—cheat on their husbands. They thought it was too hot, which made no sense."

In 1993, producer Lou Arkoff approached Bakshi to write and direct a low-budget feature for Showtime's Rebel Highway series. For the third time, Bakshi revisited his screenplay for If I Catch Her, I'll Kill Her, and retitled the film Cool and the Crazy. The title comes from a 1958 exploitation film released by American International Pictures, but its plot bore no relation to the earlier film.

Reception
Variety reviewer Todd Everett wrote "the hyperdrive visual sense for which Bakshi's animated features have been noted. Everything in "Cool" [...] seems to exist in pastels and Bakshi shoots from more odd angles than any director since Sidney J. Furie in his heyday. And the closing sequences ably demonstrate how it's possible to present strong violence without any blood being shed onscreen. Bakshi pulls strong perfs from a cadre of youngish and largely unknown actors".

title: Cool and the Crazy


text:
Adler Graduate School

Adler Graduate School is a private graduate school in Minnetonka, Minnesota, that offers a Master of Arts Degree in Adlerian Counseling and Psychotherapy. It also offers post-Master's coursework for counseling and therapy licensure. It is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

The Minnesota-based Adler Graduate School and the Chicago-based Adler School of Professional Psychology are independent of one another and institutionally unaffiliated.

title: Adler Graduate School


text:
Lamar Dodd

Lamar Dodd (September 22, 1909 – September 21, 1996) was an American painter whose work reflected a love of the American South.

Early life and education
Born in Fairburn, Georgia, to Rev. Francis Jefferson Dodd and Etta Cleveland (Ed Dodd, creator of the Mark Trail comic strip, was his first cousin) and reared in LaGrange, Georgia, Dodd trained in the South, including a short stay at Georgia Tech in Atlanta.

Career
He taught art in Alabama before traveling to New York City to study under advocates of the Ashcan School of painting as well as to gain a nativist perspective from the paintings of artists such as Thomas Hart Benton. He specifically studied under the draughtsman George Bridgman and the painter George Luks. He returned to Birmingham, Alabama, determined to champion local art. Over a long and productive career his styles encompassed naturalism and expressionism and extended to abstract art.

Dodd was also a university teacher and administrator. Appointed as an artist in residence at the University of Georgia, in Athens, in 1937, he became the head of the art department several years later. Dodd consolidated art instruction into a unified department and initiated a master's degree program. The Lamar Dodd School of Art at the University of Georgia is named in his memory. Dodd became a full member of the National Academy of Design in 1954, and was a member of the Sigma Chi fraternity. In 1958 his painting Cathedral Number 1 was acquired for the collection at Lehigh University by prominent alumnus Ralf Wilson after it was shown in a contemporary art exhibition curated by Francis J. Quirk.

title: Lamar Dodd