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Talk:Tamworth, Staffordshire

[Untitled]
I've removed the pronunciation note; I'm from Rugeley, and I've always heard it as "tamw'th", not "tammoth". It's not an exaggerated pronunciation, for sure (not "tam worth"), but the "w" is definitely audible. sjorford (?!) 12:56, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

i'm tammie born 'n' bred and i can assure you it's pronounced 'tammoth (as well, of course, as tamworth'') in tamworth...

I'm from the area and I think the "w" is usually sounded. Obviously there's a range of views on this.

I edited the culture Section regarding the so called recent arrival and quite derisery section about indie music. There has been for a very long time an indie, rock, goth sub-culture in Tamworth, since the Robert Peel was Hamlets and closed down in the 90's the community went looking for a home as Hamlets became an Irish theme pub. The current owners remember hamlets and looked to revive some of that feeling, a task which they have done a reasonable job of. I only removed that section as I don't think I'm at all qualified to discuss Tamworth culture and judging from the original article neither was the original author. Tamworth has had a very changeable night life and culture, in the 70's/80's/90's Tamworth was home to a thriving local music scene, it still has a local music scene today a little worse for ware since the council have sold off nearly all the venues. While I feel well versed in this past there used to be theatre in Tamworth, there is a museum in the castle there have been picasso exihibits, I know about it but its not current info or accurate to be in a "pedia". Its pronounced "Tammoth" although the "o" has a slight "u" sound to it, unless of course I'm speaking to those outside of the area when I would say Tamworth.

I've always thought that people said it "Tamw'th", like Sjorford said.

I'm a bona fide Tammie lad, and both pronunciations are used in Tamworth. "Tammoth" is principally used by the older generation, and "Tamw'th" is what most of the younger population use (including myself!).

More on talking in Tamworth
I usually heard it called Tammuth or Tamuf. Me, being a tammie meself call it Tamuf. It would be interestin to know what you call it! —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Emos rule (talk • contribs) 18:33, 4 January 2007 (UTC).

I'd say "Tammuth". "Tammuf" just sounds to brummy to me. I'd also say "meesen", "hizsen" not "meself", and "hiself". I also use dain't as well as ain't, come as the past for came, 'er for she (eg. 'er come = she came) and negtives of the past of to be with "were" andpsitives with "was" regardless of person: "I was" / "I weren't". Towel and owl have two syllables and the number "one" rhymes with "want" and "wan" whereas "wun" doesn't (that rhymes with "done", "come" and "scum"). --84.78.78.41 16:53, 24 April 2007 (UTC)

I'm from the nearby village of Warton, and we always pronounced it "Tammuth", too. But then I'm also from a slightly older generation, so younger people may have a different pronounciation, especially as a lot of the people now living there are Brummie by origin.

I've lived here only 35 years now and I say Tammuth, I agree the Tammuf is mainly from those that hailed from birmingham. Today with so many imports I hear allsorts. But more importantly is how do you pronouce Wilnecote. If you've been here a while it only has two syllables.

Suburbs/Areas
Riverside is more of a houseing estate, would it not be better to includ Mercia instead as that would include the whole area from between the railways line and the river. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 213.121.241.209 (talk) 16:52, 18 March 2009 (UTC)

Population
I don't know who's responsible for saying that the population has fallen since the 2001 census, from 74,531 to 74,200. This is obviously complete nonsense. The town has probably grown by at least 1,000 since 2001.

Image
One of the photos shows people quite close to the camera. It would probably be best not to show peoples faces. Can the photo be replaced? Snowman (talk) 10:46, 22 March 2008 (UTC)

 * I've blurred them. G-Man  ? 02:26, 24 May 2008 (UTC)

Pronunciation
Yeh i'm from Belgrave and loads of older people still say Win'cut and 'Tammuth'. As well as things like 'Shant' (for shall not) and pronouncing 'going', 'Gooin'. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Fwoar! (talk • contribs) 19:55, 18 June 2008 (UTC)

Colin Grazier
Why no mention of Colin Grazier GC on this page? And what about Sir William Peel VC? Samuel Parkes VC is there.91.110.205.188 (talk) 16:36, 13 July 2008 (UTC)

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Road names
Why are so many roads in Tamworth not called 'road' or anything like that? They tend to be called just things like 'Willowbank' and the like. Of course there are roads like that in every town, but seemingly a much higher percentage in Tamworth than anywhere else Martyn Smith (talk) 11:35, 2 May 2009 (UTC) (Sutton Coldfield boy)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the proposal was move; no clear primary topic. Will also move Tamworth (disambiguation) to Tamworth. Cúchullain t/ c 19:06, 9 August 2012 (UTC)

Tamworth → Tamworth, Staffordshire – The Tamworth in New South Wales is just as well known. 58.7.145.197 (talk) 04:39, 16 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Malformed request are you proposing to move Tamworth (disambiguation) to Tamworth? (NB Tamworth UK 74,531 Tamworth NSW 47,595 people. The vast majority of GB hits [= vast majority of Google Book hits are related to the English town]). In ictu oculi (talk) 07:41, 16 July 2012 (UTC)
 * This page will of course have more hits than other Tamworth, as people searching for any other topic are forced here rather than elsewhere. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 58.7.145.197 (talk) 11:03, 16 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Many of the people who arrive at the Tamworth page will have selected it from the options in the search box (where Tamworth, New South Wales is listed separately), or from a link in another article. Peter E. James (talk) 12:00, 16 July 2012 (UTC)
 * IIO, when you say "vast majority of GB hits", which city are you referring to? Jenks24 (talk) 15:41, 16 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Inserted "[related to the English town]" above - history, architecture, bios of people - the things that are more likely to accumulate for a town with 1,500 years history - part of it as royal capital of the Kingdom of Mercia before the Normans, and sizeable population centre in the Middle Ages - than a town with only 150 years history. In ictu oculi (talk) 16:46, 16 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Strong oppose. A world-wide google search gives, in the top 30 results, equal numbers (11) for Australia and England, with smaller numbers for pig (4), USA (3) and Canada (1). Given also the historical importance of the English Tamworth, no good reason for such a change at this time. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Jan1nad (talk • contribs) 09:48, 16 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Aussie Tamworth hosts the largest music festival in Australia, Which is what I was looking for when I got pushed here. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 58.7.145.197 (talk) 11:03, 16 July 2012 (UTC)
 * In addition to that, I am assuming from your userpage, Jan1nad, that you are in the UK. Google can detect this and will give you results to match. For example, because I'm in Australia, nine of the first ten results for me are about the Australian Tamworth. Jenks24 (talk) 15:41, 16 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Support. Tamworth has more page views than Tamworth, New South Wales, but the number is quite close, and when the other articles at Tamworth (disambiguation) are added it drops below 50% in some months, making it likely that there is no primary topic. Google.com search for "Tamworth" also returns similar numbers of results associated with both places. I'm not sure about the "historical importance" - is it just because the the UK town existed before the others and the Australian city was named after it, or is there something of more importance? Peter E. James (talk) 10:44, 16 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Oppose. The English Tamworth is the original, an historic town and considerably larger than the Australian Tamworth. -- Necrothesp (talk) 14:06, 16 July 2012 (UTC)-
 * Support. Having seen all the arguments I now support the move --palmiped | Talk  18:39, 6 JulyAugustdia|talk]]) 21:20, 16 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Support. No clear primary topic: page views and google searches are similar between the two cities, and that is without taking into account the other articles listed at the dab page, so I do not think the UK city meets the "usage" criterion. The second criterion is "substantially greater enduring notability and educational value". It is a common misconception at RM that this simply means "older", but this is simply not the case with Boston being one of many examples. I see the articles as quite similar in "enduring notability" and "educational value" – although the UK city is larger, the Australian city is much more well known than most cities of its size due to the Tamworth Country Music Festival and the fact that it is the "home of country music in Australia", similar to Nashville in the US. Jenks24 (talk) 15:41, 16 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Jenks24, out of interest, does Google Books also adjust to the searcher being in Australia? How many UK vs Aus Tamworth do you get from the first 20 results, for example? In ictu oculi (talk) 16:49, 16 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Support, There doesn't appear to be a PT so maybe best dismabig. Zarcadia (talk) 21:16, 16 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Support - for there to be a primary topic, one of the articles has to be much more important than the others, and looking at the evidence above that doesn't seem to be the case here. (And this surprised me, as I'm from Staffordshire, myself.) Interplanet Janet (talk) 10:18, 17 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Comment. There are a lot of places in the English-speaking world which were originally named after British (and sometimes Irish) towns. We often see, from the perspective of British users, these attempts to demote the significance of the original historic towns based on pure google hit arguments, and the usual British response is to complain that (a) we were here first, and primary can mean first chronologically; (b) by virtue of its longer history the British town has more significance. And these arguments are simply batted away by the claim that that doesn't matter now, here, today. Isn't the google hits argument just as reasonable? Is it not reasonable to take into account that Tamworth Staffs. has given the world so many more things, Sir Robert Peel, Thomas Guy, even the Reliant Robin, compared with a country music festival? Is it not inconsistent to say that notability is forever (so someone famous in the 16th century but forgotten now would still be notable for inclusion) but in terms of primary topics, only today's google hits matter? Sam Blacketer (talk) 19:45, 20 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Notability has nothing to do with primarity, which has nothing to do with reliability, which has nothing to do with precision. These are unrelated concepts. Sources used on Wikipedia depend on reliability. Article existence depend on notability. Article placement depends on primarity. Article naming depends on common names. Disambiguation of names and length of names depends on precision. These are all different factors. And as for forgotten things of the past, even that does not ensure notability, because WP:NOTNEWS cuts off some of those forgotten things as news events. Let us not forget about WP:Systematic bias of having old things be primary for no reason than being old and storied. And WP:Recentism of having new things become primary just because they were in the news. And ofcourse anything British or American needs to be determined if they suffer from a need to globalize the view looking from implicit bias of being old or from the most powerful and influential English country. -- 76.65.131.160 (talk) 09:49, 30 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Support. No clear primary topic. Ignorant Armies (talk) 05:43, 5 August 2012 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Help needed to fix links to Tamworth
As a result of the recently completed page moves (see above section) links to the Tamworth disambiguation have rocketed up to #2 on the Disambiguation pages with links Top 500. Please help lower this page's ranking by working on the Disambig fix list for Tamworth using Dab solver. Thanks, Wbm1058 (talk) 17:29, 19 August 2012 (UTC)
 * This DAB currently has five hits on the front page of my watchlist. None are by anyone who proposed, supported, or executed the move.  Mr Stephen (talk) 21:37, 21 August 2012 (UTC)
 * All fixed (except Talk:Saint George). SchreiberBike (talk) 06:08, 5 September 2012 (UTC)

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Merger proposal
The Borough of Tamworth seems to be more or less coterminous with the town of Tamworth. All the places in the borough which have separate articles are described in those articles as areas or suburbs of Tamworth. The article on the borough is all about governance of the town and does not seem to justify its own article, so would anyone object to it being merged into this article? --Mhockey (talk) 17:54, 10 August 2018 (UTC)

I completely agree with the merge because Tamworth is the Borough of Tamworth and the Borough of Tamworth is such a small article that is would fit well into the Tamworth article. 2A00:23C5:7312:B900:65B2:C213:16E6:E750 (talk) 17:12, 23 August 2018 (UTC)

Merge now completed.--Mhockey (talk) 21:22, 26 September 2018 (UTC)
 * Per WP:UKDISTRICTS I think that Tamworth satisfies all 6 of the criteria for having just one article unlike Chesterfield and Corby for example.  Crouch, Swale  ( talk ) 20:05, 27 September 2018 (UTC)

Urban Area Merge proposal
I propose merging the Tamworth Built-up area article into this one. There isnt much in the built-up area that isnt already in the borough and covered here except for the Fazeley Eopsid (talk) 17:11, 20 March 2021 (UTC)
 * Support we don't need 2 articles for different definitions of a place and unlike Birkenhead (which arguably should be merged) its unlikely people would object to Frazeley being treated as part of Tamworth.  Crouch, Swale  ( talk ) 17:14, 20 March 2021 (UTC)

Or could I suggest making a new tab with the information in the article and a mention of it in Fazeley article. RailwayJG (talk) 21:25, 20 March 2021 (UTC)

Thats what a merger probably would entail, all the info would be in this article I'd probably put in the geography section, feel free to add an urban area mention to the existing Fazeley article. Eopsid (talk) 23:24, 20 March 2021 (UTC)
 * Support Tamworth Built-up area fails WP:GEOLAND and WP:GNG, and even if it was notable, it would still be best addressed in the context of the main Tamworth article rather than remaining a stub of stats on it's own.Pontificalibus 15:47, 10 April 2021 (UTC)
 * Merger is now done Eopsid (talk) 19:01, 19 April 2021 (UTC)

Capital of Mercia
My edit correcting the statement has been reverted on the ground that it was unexplained and badly execcuted. I agree that it should have been explained but if badly executed then how? The statement that Tamworth was the capital is incorrect. Historians of Anglo-Saxon England say that the courts were mobile and there were no fixed capitals. I have the book cited for the statement that Tamworth was the capital but the reference was vague and had no page number. I found a statement that Tamworth was the principal administrative centre in the pre-Viking period - not afterwards when Mercia lost its independence - and amended and cited with the page number accordingly. Dudley Miles (talk) 20:14, 14 October 2021 (UTC)
 * There are countless references to it being capital of Mercia, these for example. . Also (according to my history book) It was the centre of royal government from the time of Offa and his successors, and the principal royal residence. There are 15 surviving Royal charters issued from Tamworth, and was the location of the principal royal mint. That would appear to justify claims of it being a capital. Also, your edit wiped out blue links to King Offa, meaning the sentence no longer made any sense. G-13114 (talk) 07:28, 15 October 2021 (UTC)
 * None of these are specialist historians of Anglo-Saxon England. This issue has been discussed on numerous occasions. See for example Talk:Winchester. Dudley Miles (talk) 07:41, 15 October 2021 (UTC)
 * You asked for sources, I've given you multiple sources which describe it as the capital of Mercia, quite what the difference between 'capital' and 'principal administrative centre' is I don't know. Also you have re added your linkless version which makes no sense to the reader. G-13114 (talk) 07:49, 15 October 2021 (UTC)
 * Wikipedia requires reliable sources, that is specialist sources on the period. None of your sources comply with that. I have just checked Mercia. an Anglo-Saxon Kingdom in Europe, Leicester University Press, 2001, a collection of essays by specialists. It nowhere refers to Tamworth as the capital. Thomas Charles-Edwards says that Mercia had three zones: "In the centre was Mercia proper, including such places as Repton, Lichfield and Tamworth". (p. 94). Janet Nelson describes Tamworth as "favourite residence of the eighth-century kings". (p.131) Martin Welch describes it as "one of the most important Mercian vills". If Tamworth was the capital, it would certainly have been mentioned in this book. (p. 157) Dudley Miles (talk) 08:15, 15 October 2021 (UTC)
 * There weren't any formal capitals in Anglo-Saxon times, so technically this is correct. However, it meets a modern definition of a capital, as a centre of government. Multiple modern sources refer to it as such. G-13114 (talk) 09:12, 16 October 2021 (UTC)
 * G-13114, your sources are all of low quality and some are simply not seondary. The use of such references causes many problems through wikipesia. Ten of them would not trump a peer reviewed article by a reputable academic from a reputable publisher. In addition, and on a personal note, I have always been uncomfortable when the phrase 'capital city' is used to describbe a main settlement in antiquity. I might be wrong but to me 'capital city' is a more modern term, meaning its use is often anachronistic. But as I said, I might be wrong on that point. Roger 8 Roger (talk) 10:03, 16 October 2021 (UTC)
 * It's open to varying interpretations I guess. Anglo-Saxon kingship was certainly itinerant, so the point about anachronism is a fair one, but that doesn't mean that there was no hierarchy of settlement, and it's pretty clear that for Mercia at least until the 9th century Tamworth was pretty much at the top of it. Hart unashamedly talks about "Tamworth, the Mercian capital" in Dorniers book of essays on Mercia while Stenton talk of it as "Tamworth, the chief residence of [Mercia's] kings".  Is that a "capital"? It's certainly pretty arguable. "Capital" certainly feels less problematic than "principal administrative centre" further down, which makes it sound like there was some sort of civil service going on! And "Tamworth was by far the largest town in the English Midlands when today's much larger city of Birmingham was still in its infancy", errrm, really? When? There is pretty much no evidence of urbanity anywhere in early medieval England until the rise of the emporia. And what's the relevance of Birmingham at a time where there's no evidence it even existed? And don't get me started all the mentions of the heptarchy, a thoroughly discredited concept that seems to be all over Wikipedia. On balance I think the use of the word "capital" here is the least of its problems. JimmyGuano (talk) 19:09, 18 October 2021 (UTC)
 * We can all have our own opinions whether it is arguable to say that Tamworth was the capital, but we have to go by the sources, not our own interpretation. Modern expert sources are clear that there were no capitals in Anglo-Saxon states. I agree on Birmingham and have deleted the comment. Dudley Miles (talk) 19:38, 18 October 2021 (UTC)
 * We do indeed go by sources, which is why I added a couple of pretty authoritative ones, one of which directly attests the word! Stenton is probably the classic work on the subject and Cyril Hart is not exactly negligible in his reputation. And in fact another essay in the exact work you have cited does use the word "capital" of Tamworth.(p145) Don't get me wrong, I am not denying the pitfalls of "capital" in this context and would like to find something better, but "principle administrative centre" feels if anything worse - I don't think many scholars would argue there was a Mercian "state" - and it's also a poor paraphrase of the text in the cited source, which actually describes Tamworth's status as "the principle centre of the old Mercian regime". How about using John Blair's interpretation: "Pre-eminent is Tamworth, which emerges from 799 as a major Mercian royal centre, more like a ‘capital’ than any other English place before the tenth century.", which I guess is half capital and half not-capital and feels a nuanced interpretation by a highly respected scholar. Being a centre of royal power feels a more appropriate idea here than suggestions of bureaucracy. We do need to specify a time period too - there were large parts of the early medieval period when Tamworth was pretty marginal. JimmyGuano (talk) 20:54, 18 October 2021 (UTC)
 * Apologies, link would be helpful wouldn't it - JimmyGuano (talk) 21:13, 18 October 2021 (UTC)
 * The source cited Edward the Elder with no page number and I changed it to what I thought was the correct wording of the source, adding 'administrative' because that word is used in the line above, but I agree that it is clumsy. I do not like Blair's wording as it seems to imply that there was a capital by the tenth century, which no reliable source says so far as I know. How about quoting "the principal centre of the old Mercian regime", with time qualification as you suggest? Dudley Miles (talk) 22:15, 18 October 2021 (UTC)
 * A phrase like "Principal royal centre of Mercia" might work as an intro, maybe cited to Blair and Stenton? It needs the qualification: it wasn't, for example, the principal ecclesiastic centre or the principle economic one. However even if we don't use the word "capital" (though I've now provided four attestations of the word, all from academics distinguished in this field), there is an important sense in which it was a capital that we need to capture in the wider text. Here's John Blair again, in a more recent book specifically about the development of the Anglo-Saxon landscape: "Six miles southeast of Lichfield was Tamworth, which from King Offa’s later years in the 780s and ’90s—but probably not before that—was a stable royal centre of an apparently new kind. It seems likely that Offa’s quasi- imperial ambitions and expanding territorial interests led him to establish a new ‘capital’, near Lichfield and the southward routes, on a site that had hitherto been peripheral." JimmyGuano (talk) 05:59, 19 October 2021 (UTC)
 * The difference between a 'principal administrative centre' and a 'capital' is really splitting hairs. Of course technically it was never formally a 'capital' of anything, since the modern concept of a capital city didn't exist in the 8th century. However, it is probably was the closest thing to a modern concept of a capital, it is a modern term and concept applied retrospectively.. Modern non-specialist sources almost universally refer to Tamworth as the capital of Mercia, including the BBC, the Staffordshire County Council website and the Historical Association among others (including the sites I linked earlier). I don't think we can simply ignore the modern description. I would suggest that the best solution would be to restore the capital description, but qualify it by putting it in quotemarks to denote that the description is a modern and unnoficial one. G-13114 (talk) 09:08, 19 October 2021 (UTC)
 * I prefer "principal centre" but 'capital' in single quotes obviously can be supported if other editors prefer it. Dudley Miles (talk) 09:24, 19 October 2021 (UTC)

Both seem perfectly reasonable to me. Maybe the 'capital' phrase makes more sense when we have space to explain the ambiguity that it's representing? Perhaps the sentence in the lead could say "Tamworth was the principal centre of royal power of the Kingdom of Mercia during the 8th and 9th centuries" (replacing the mention of the "heptarchy", and using the more precise wording where we don't have room for detailed explanation), the subheading in the body could be "Mercian 'Capital'" (where the existing convoluted subheading phrasing really doesn't work) and then in the body would could point out that Anglo-Saxon Kingship was generally itinerant but that under Offa Tamworth emerged as a stable power centre that was a 'capital' in some ways that hadn't been seen before. That way we should get something that reads easily but explains what ways it was and wasn't a 'capital' and what was significant about that? JimmyGuano (talk) 07:32, 20 October 2021 (UTC)
 * That would be fine so long as there are specialist sources to support the explanation without OR or SYNTH. Dudley Miles (talk) 09:46, 20 October 2021 (UTC)
 * Not an unreasonable request! Do those changes seem like a reasonable reflection of some decent sources? JimmyGuano (talk) 14:42, 23 October 2021 (UTC)
 * They look OK to me. I have made changes to dubious edits by other editors. Blair says that Tamworth seems to have been Æthelflæd's capital. I have not quoted this as other historians regard Gloucester as more important at this time, but his opinion may be worth citing if he gets support for his view. Dudley Miles (talk) 22:30, 23 October 2021 (UTC)

Vikings sacked Tamworth
. You reverted my deletion of the sacking of Tamworth in 874 with the comment that it is in the source. I have several sources on the Viking invasion and Tamworth is not mentioned in 874, only Repton. It is not in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle and Frank Stenton in his history says that the details of the fall of Mercia are not known. I assume that you are referring to the Stone's History, which I do not have. Can you advise what source he cites? Thanks. Dudley Miles (talk) 16:08, 18 May 2022 (UTC)

See Articles for deletion/Battle of Tamworth. If you have a reliable source saying that there was a battle of Tamworth you can contribute to the discussion. Dudley Miles (talk) 16:18, 18 May 2022 (UTC)

 * I'll quote from page 9 of Stone's History of Tamworth book: "The last of a series of 15 surviving royal charters issued from Tamworth is dated 857 and signed by King Burgred. In 874-75 a Danish army plundered deep into Mercia. Royal Tamworth, a tempting prize, was looted and burned to the ground. Burgred fed to Rome and never returned. With a pragmatic mix of armed resistance and bribery, Alfred, King of the West Saxons maintained control of Wessex and part of south-west Mercia. The rest of England, broadly all the land north and east of Watling Street, came under Danish rule and became known as Danelaw. For forty years Tamworth lay in no-man's land, the royal buildings reduced to blackened ruins on a lawless frontier."

 * There's a lengthy bibliography towards the rear of the book, which I could type out if you really want, but that exact passage doesn't have a direct cite. This does however establish that reliable published secondary sources support that this happened, which is what Wikipedia is here to report. G-13114 (talk) 21:26, 18 May 2022 (UTC)

 * Reliable sources are experts on the period, such as Frank Stenton and Richard Abels. They both just mention Repton. Stone appears to have copied one of the claims in popular sources going back over a century that the Vikings burned Tamworth, but there is no evidence for it, just a myth repeated again and again. An unreferenced claim by someone who is not an Anglo-Saxon specialist is not a reliable source. Dudley Miles (talk) 21:40, 18 May 2022 (UTC)
 * I really can't say whether it's a myth or not, I guess no-one knows for sure. But then It's not Wikipedia's job to decide on whether a historical claim is factual or not, but to repeat what has been written in reliable published sources. The fact is, this has been repeated as a statement of truth in numerous books etc. What you are suggesting is getting dangerously close to original research. G-13114 (talk) 22:20, 18 May 2022 (UTC)

 * It is Wikipedia's job to rely on experts such as Stenton and Abels, not unreferenced claims by non-experts who are not reliable sources on Anglo-Saxon history. Relying on experts in their field rather than regurgitating popular myths is not OR. Dudley Miles (talk) 22:30, 18 May 2022 (UTC)
 * I agree with Dudley; non-expert books on Anglo-Saxon topics are not reliable sources. You can still find books that repeat the claim that Alfred the Great founded Oxford University, for example.  Popular histories should not be used as sources for Anglo-Saxon history; there are many, many reliable sources available.  I think the phrase should be removed from the article. Mike Christie (talk - contribs -  library) 01:15, 19 May 2022 (UTC)
 * None of the sources you've mentioned make the claim that it didn't happen, they just don't know and don't mention Tamworth (as is unsurprising for something that long ago). So removing the claim would be clear original research, especially as it has been repeat verbatim in multiple published sources. As I have pointed out it's not Wikipedia's job to determine what is true or not, but to reflect the published sources. G-13114 (talk) 02:39, 19 May 2022 (UTC)
 * I would say instead that it's our job to reflect the reliable published sources. If no reliable sources say X, it doesn't matter if unreliable sources say X.  I think what we're disagreeing on here is what constitutes a reliable source for Anglo-Saxon history. Mike Christie (talk - contribs -  library) 02:53, 19 May 2022 (UTC)
 * I have added a note clarifying popular and academic views. Dudley Miles (talk) 10:05, 19 May 2022 (UTC)
 * I agree with Mike and Dudley here - whatever non-experts in Anglo-Saxon history say should at least be balanced by the fact that no source from a Anglo-Saxon historian states such a sack occurred. Ealdgyth (talk) 11:52, 19 May 2022 (UTC)
 * This article is about Tamworth and it's history though. We have a situation where probably one of the few books published specifically about the history of Tamworth states unequivocally that X happened, which is itself based on a number of other published books on Staffordshire history, which also state the same thing. But one wikipedia editor thinks all the sources are wrong and he's right. It's fair to say that no-one actually knows what happened in Tamworth in the 870s, which is hardly surprising given the scarcity of records relating to events in the 9th century. It could be that the claim about the siege of Tamworth is based on local folklore and legend (which doesn't necessarily invalidate it, as oral history is sometimes based in fact) or it could have been invented centuries later and repeated as a myth ever since. Either way, we cannot simply discard the fact that multiple published historical sources have made this claim, and stated it as unequivocally true. We could probably solve it by stating something like "By tradition this is what happened", then we are not declaring it to be true, but stating it as a local tradition of what occured. G-13114 (talk) 21:07, 20 May 2022 (UTC)
 * I have added that. See note a. Dudley Miles (talk) 21:13, 20 May 2022 (UTC)
 * Of interest, I found this from the Council for British Archaeology which has quite a lot of information about Tamworth during the Saxon period, but it doesn't shed much light upon the period in question other than saying there "may have been an hiatus during the period of the Danelaw when Tamworth, sited 2km north of the Watling Street, lay just inside the fringe of Danish territory.". G-13114 (talk) 22:14, 20 May 2022 (UTC)
 * That would be a good source for expanding the article. I have seen statements before that Tamworth was a frontier town, but this is the first one that clarified that it was on the Danish side of the border. I assume that the statement is based on the fact that Watling Street was the border agreed in the Treaty of Alfred and Guthrum. Dudley Miles (talk) 22:25, 20 May 2022 (UTC)

Tamworth Borough Council
Since no article exists at Borough of Tamworth per as the boundaries are long-standing (see User:Crouch, Swale/District split) and similar an article should probably exist on the council per WP:UKDISTRICTS like Eastbourne Borough Council unless the article on the district is restored.  Crouch, Swale  ( talk ) 21:23, 1 August 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tamworth, Staffordshire


text:
User:Leon lego/Sandbox

This is a Sandbox.

--Leon lego 12:57, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Leon lego/Sandbox


text: User talk:81.152.212.1

title: User talk:81.152.212.1


text:
Giovanni Battista Brocchi

Giovanni Battista (or Giambattista) Brocchi (18 February 1772 – 25 September 1826) was an Italian naturalist, mineralogist and geologist.

Biography
Giovanni Battista Brocchi was born in Bassano del Grappa and studied jurisprudence at the University of Padua, but his attention was turned to mineralogy and botany. The Bassanese naturalist Antonio Gaidon, guided him towards his first scientific studies and was Brocchi's first master in the geological and mineralogical disciplines. Gaidon introduced Brocchi to the naturalists Giuseppe Olivi and Alberto Fortis, the latter accompanying Brocchi on geological excursions in the Bassano area. In 1802 he was appointed professor of botany in the new lyceum of Brescia; but he more especially devoted himself to geological researches in the adjacent districts. The fruits of these labors appeared in different publications, particularly in his Trattato mineralogico e chimico sulle miniere di ferro del dipartimento del Mella (1808) a treatise on the iron mines of the Mella traditional region. These researches procured him the office of inspector of mines in the recently established Kingdom of Italy, and enabled him to extend his investigations over a great part of the country.

In 1811 Brocchi produced a valuable essay entitled Memoria mineralogica sulla Valle di Fassa in Tirolo; but his most important work is the Conchiologia fossile subapennina con osservazioni geologiche sugli Apennini, e sul suolo adiacente (2 vols., Milan, 1814), containing accurate details of the structure of the Apennine range, and an account of the marine shell fossils of the Italian Tertiary strata compared with existing species. These subjects were further illustrated by his geognostic map, and his Catalogo ragionato di una raccolta di rocce, disposto con ordine geografico, per servire alla geognosia dell' Italia (Milan, 1817). His work Dello stato fisico del suolo di Roma (1820), with its accompanying map, is likewise noteworthy. In it he corrected the erroneous views of Scipione Breislak, who conceived that Rome occupies the site of a volcano, to which he ascribed the volcanic materials that cover the seven hills. Brocchi pointed out that these materials were derived either from Monte Albano, an extinct volcano, twelve miles from the city, or from the Monti Cimini, still farther to the north.

In 1814 Brocchi presented the thesis that species, like individuals, age and eventually die out — an idea that later influenced Charles Darwin.

Several papers by him, on mineralogical subjects, appeared in the Biblioteca Italiana from 1816 to 1823. In the latter year, Brocchi sailed for Egypt, in order to explore the geology of that country and report on its mineral resources. Every facility was granted by Mehemet Ali, who in 1825 appointed him one of a commission to examine the territory of the recently conquered Kingdom of Sennar; but Brocchi fell a victim to the climate, and died at Khartoum on the 25th of September 1826, possibly of dysentery. Much of his writings and collections are now housed in the Museo Civico di Bassano.

title: Giovanni Battista Brocchi


text:
Bateman, Western Australia

Bateman is a suburb of Perth, Western Australia, located within the City of Melville.

It is a mostly residential suburb with convenient road access to the Perth central business district, Fremantle, the main industrial sites, and airports. Bull Creek railway station is located at its north-eastern corner. In the 2016 census, it was recorded as having a population of 3,717 persons.

History
The suburb is named after a family of prominent merchants who commenced business after arriving in the Swan River colony on board Medina in 1830. John Bateman built a general store in Fremantle and he became postmaster at Fremantle in 1833. He also took part in the establishment of a whaling business at Bathers Beach, Fremantle. After his death in 1855, his sons took over the family business.

Geography
The suburb is bounded by Leach Highway to the north, Kwinana Freeway to the east, South Street to the south and Murdoch Drive to the west.

Facilities
Bateman is served by Bull Creek railway station (located at the intersection of Leach Highway and the Kwinana Freeway) which was officially opened on 23 December 2007, as part of the Perth to Mandurah railway.

The suburb has a small commercial centre (located on Parry Avenue) along with some medical and chiropractic facilities.

There is one primary state school, Bateman Primary School, as well as a Catholic K-12 school, Corpus Christi College.

Bus

 * 502 Bull Creek Station to Fremantle Station – serves Leach Highway
 * 503 and 504 Bull Creek Station to Murdoch Station – serve Leach Highway and South Street
 * 505 Bull Creek Station to Murdoch Station – serves Leach Highway, Murdoch Drive, Dean Road, Broadhurst Crescent, Marsengo Rd and South Street
 * 510 Murdoch Station to Booragoon Bus Station – serves Murdoch Drive
 * 511 Murdoch Station to Fremantle Station – serves Murdoch Drive
 * 513 Murdoch Station to Fremantle Station – serves South Street
 * 915 Bull Creek Station to Fremantle Station (high frequency) – serves Leach Highway

Bus routes serving Bull Creek Station only:
 * 178 and 179 Bull Creek Station to Elizabeth Quay Bus Station
 * 500 Bull Creek Station to Booragoon Bus Station
 * 506 Bull Creek Station to Parkwood
 * 507, 508 and 509 Bull Creek Station to Cannington Station

Rail

 * Mandurah Line
 * Bull Creek Station

title: Bateman, Western Australia


text:
National Zoo & Aquarium

The National Zoo and Aquarium is a privately owned 19 ha zoo and aquarium in the Australian capital city of Canberra. It is located in Yarralumla at the western end of Lake Burley Griffin, next to Scrivener Dam. It recently had a major expansion, with 12 ha of open range exhibits opened in May 2017.

The Zoo
The National Zoo and Aquarium is privately owned by Canberra businessman Richard Tindale, and is maintained as a predominantly family-run business. The zoo receives no Government or Commonwealth support and relies on entry fees from the public to continue operations. The zoo also relies on a large number of volunteer recruits to aid in the management of its grounds and the animals residing there.

The zoo is the only combined zoo and aquarium in Australia. The zoo has both Australian endemic species and introduced species including the largest collection of big cats in Australia, including, until recently, the only tigon in Australasia. The zoo is also involved in a number of breeding programs for endangered species.

The National Zoo and Aquarium plays host to many educational programs and specially designed tours for various groups; including school tours, family groups and children's birthday Tours. The zoo runs children's activities during ACT public school holiday periods and a hands-on educational program for children from 8–16 years of age on weekends during the term.

The zoo runs interactive Tours and animal experiences for visitors, including the ZooVenture Tour, the keeper for a day experience, Walk on the Wild Side, the Family Tour, Meet a Cheetah, plus daily information sessions and weekend Keeper Talks

Tux the penguin
While visiting Canberra zoo, Linus Torvalds was bitten by a small penguin, providing the inspiration for Tux the Linux mascot.

Animals
Australian mammals at the zoo include dingos, western grey kangaroos, swamp wallaby, parma wallaby, Tasmanian devils, koalas, and bare-nosed wombats - once including "Winnie", the oldest known wombat in captivity before her death in 2019.

The zoo maintains a collection of large cats including African lions (including white coat), Sumatran tigers, Bengal tigers, Sri Lankan leopards, cheetahs and servals. The primate species at the zoo are siamang, eastern black-and-white colobus, Francois' langurs, brown capuchin, black-capped squirrel monkey, common marmoset, pygmy marmoset, cotton-top tamarin, black-and-white ruffed lemurs and ring-tailed lemurs. Other mammals are Goodfellow's tree-kangaroos, spotted hyenas, African wild dogs, sun bears, red pandas, oriental small-clawed otters, meerkats, southern white rhinoceros, plains zebras, giraffes, common eland, blackbuck, Barbary sheep, wapiti, common fallow deer, alpacas and red-rumped agoutis.

The Aquarium includes a variety of tropical marine and freshwater bony fish including Murray cod, Queensland groper, humphead wrasse, barramundi as well as giant moray, zebra moray. There are several shark species including blacktip reef sharks, leopard shark, zebra shark and epaulette shark.

Reptiles at the zoo include shingleback skink, blotched blue-tongued skink, green iguana, rhinoceros iguana, Taiwan beauty snake, corn snake, blood python, black-headed python, diamond python, Burmese python, reticulated python, boa constrictor, green anaconda, Indian star tortoise, pig-nosed turtle, Gulf Coast box turtle and American alligator. Amphibians at the zoo include magnificent tree frog.

Native Australian birds at the zoo include emu, little penguins, musk lorikeet, bush stone-curlew, tawny frogmouth, satin bowerbird, noisy pitta, orange-bellied parrot, white-browed woodswallow, plumed whistling duck, black swan and Cape Barren goose. Exotic birds include common ostrich, plum-headed parakeet, blue peafowl, golden pheasant, mandarin duck, helmeted guinea fowl, Egyptian goose and the endangered Java sparrow.

History
The National Zoo & Aquarium incorporates the original "National Aquarium" which was opened on 31 May 1990. It was developed and owned by Geoff Da Deppo and at the time was the largest private tourism development in the ACT. The Aquarium consisted of approximately 30 different species, with its main feature being a large 1.5 million litre aquarium with an underwater walk through viewing tunnel which housed a huge range of marine life. This was reportedly the first of its type in the world and was manufactured by a local Canberra company. 11 large high-technology fish tanks built for World Expo 88 at Brisbane were also incorporated into the structure utilising a biological filter bank of a type never before used in Australia. It was at the time the largest closed synthetic salt water oceanarium in the Southern Hemisphere. The Aquarium also boasted a 300 seat restaurant and function area (The Barbary Coast Restaurant and Brasserie – later changed to Pirates Cove Restaurant ) It was situated on around 18 acres of land which also incorporated a series of outdoor ponds and streams for trout farming.

The venture was never fully completed as envisaged and did not attract the wildly optimistic "up to 8000 visitors per day". The construction company suffered severe cash flow problems and in August 1990 was forced to put the Aquarium on the market. No sale eventuated and the Aquarium was placed in receivership in March 1991. The Aquarium continued trading under the Price Waterhouse receiver-manager who struggled to keep the business viable, incurring heavy weekly losses, and a bank deadline to find a buyer threatening its closure and a sell-off the assets. Requiring 200,000 to 300,000 customers a year to break even, it had never exceeded 70,000. In March 1992, after reported losses of investors of more than $12 m a prominent district grazier and businessman, Rod Hanstein purchased the property.

This phase of the facility lasted around five years. During this period, the new operator added several outdoor exhibits that consisted mainly of native wildlife. The large aquarium was converted from saltwater to freshwater to reduce costs. The overall theme of the facility changed in an attempt to meet the demands of a large Asian inbound tourist market into the ACT and offered an "Australian" experience that incorporated the wildlife park aspects as well as other activities such as fly fishing in the trout ponds, sheep shearing and boomerang throwing demonstrations. It also changed its name in 1993 to the National Aquarium – Australian Wildlife Sanctuary

In 1998 the facility was again up for sale and purchased by the Tindale family. Over the next two years they repaired and replaced many parts of the existing facility and enclosures as it had been poorly maintained for several years. This included the discovery that the major exhibit of the facility (the 1.5 million litre walk-through aquarium) had to be closed down permanently due to concrete cancer in the walls of the aquarium. It was modified to house a variety of animals over the next few years, including Snow Leopards, Sun Bears and Tigers. (This has since been turned into a rain forest display)

In 1999 the first significant enclosure was completed to house 3 Brown Bears that had to be re-homed after living for years in a private collection. In 2000, construction began on several big cat enclosures to house some retired circus lions, leopards, tiger and a pair of tigons (a cross between a lion a tiger). By 2001 the wildlife park was in full swing, at one stage having 14 new exhibits under construction that, when completed, would house more big cats, additional native animals, a variety of primate species as well as large ungulates such as zebra, antelope and giraffe. Upon completion the wildlife park changed its name to the "National Zoo & Aquarium". The upper levels of the Aquarium building (the restaurant & function area) were restructured to incorporate an onsite residence and a donut-shaped shark tank.

Between 2001 and 2003, the zoo battled Canberra's bush fires on two separate occasions, and the once established pine forest surrounding the zoo was turned to cinders. It was suggested that the zoo should potentially expand into adjoining land. Over the next 5 years, the zoo continued to develop as well as negotiate and design a potential future expansion.

The zoo developed a number of hands-on animal experiences for visitors, one of the first Australian zoos to do so. In 2004 the NZA won the Canberra Region Adventure Tourism award for the ZooVenture Tour.

In December 2014 the zoo opened its new development of onsite overnight accommodation, Jamala Wildlife Lodge. Jamala consists of a number of free-standing lodges within the zoo, including Jungle Bungalows, Giraffe Treehouses, and uShaka Lodge, which was formerly the onsite residence in the Aquarium building. By providing 5 star luxury accommodation and fine dining, the zoo placed itself in a niche compared to other available zoo overnight experiences, which only provide tented or cabin accommodation and buffet dining. Funds raised from Jamala are directed back into the zoo and towards a variety of local, Australian and world wide animal conservation charities and endangered species breeding programs. Since its opening, Jamala Wildlife Lodge has won variety of awards including Canberra Region Tourism Awards – Best Unique Accommodation 2017 and AHA National – Best Deluxe Accommodation 2017

In May 2017, the zoo officially opened their new open range section, effectively tripling the size of the zoo. The National Zoo & Aquarium is now one of the largest privately owned zoos in Australia and is an accredited member of the Zoo and Aquarium Association of Australasia (ZAA). It has the only inland aquarium exhibit in Australia.

title: National Zoo & Aquarium


text:
Stuart Wagstaff

Stuart Wagstaff (13 February 192510 March 2015) was an English-born Australian entertainer who was active in all genres of the industry including theatre, television and film, and music and stage management.

Early life
Wagstaff was born in Great Durnford, Wiltshire, England, and grew up on a farm with his parents and two older sisters. His father was very strict and emotionally abusive and he received little affection from his mother. His mother, however, frequently took him and his sisters to see plays and pantomime, generating an early interest in the arts.

In September 1940, at the insistence of his father, Wagstaff joined the Royal Navy as an apprentice aircraft mechanic in the Fleet Air Arm. He served at naval air stations and on aircraft carriers until the end of the war, but considered himself to be a poor mechanic. He frequently volunteered for ships' concert parties to further his interest in acting.

Career
After the war, Wagstaff joined the Windsor repertory theatre as an assistant stage manager, occasionally taking small roles in plays. He then joined the Whitley repertory theatre in which he took part in up to 48 plays and four weeks of pantomime each year as well as a few West End, film and television appearances.

Wagstaff first came to Australia in 1958 to appear in the J. C. Williamson theatre production Not in the Book. In 1959, Williamson put him into the original My Fair Lady production, with which he was associated for the next four and a half years, the last two and half playing Professor Henry Higgins, through all the Australian and New Zealand capital cities. Following this, he took over the male lead in the stage musical The Sound of Music.

Wagstaff's early Australia television appearances consisted of commercials, and a role in the 1960 Crawford Productions play Seagulls Over Sorrento. Other dramatic appearances included three episodes of the drama series Whiplash (1960), the ABC play Concord Of Sweet Sounds (1963), and episodes of the ABC's historical serial The Hungry Ones (1963).

In 1964 he appeared as the host of the Channel 7 variety show Studio 'A' and in 1965 he replaced the ailing Eric Baume as the "Beast" on the Channel 7 daytime show, Beauty and the Beast. This production established him as one of Australia's firm television favourites. During this two-and-a-half year period with Beauty and the Beast, he also appeared in leading roles in several stage productions including There's a Girl in My Soup, Present Laughter, Private Lives, several theatre restaurant revues, and a 1966 episode of the TV drama series Homicide. In 1965, he presented ATN-7's news program The Wagstaff Report.

In 1968 he became host of a major Tonight show on the Seven Network. Later that year he appeared as a guest on the inaugural Channel Seven Perth Telethon. Wagstaff would later become closely associated with Telethon, with the entertainer returning for 35 subsequent Telethons, making his last appearance via video in 2009.

Wagstaff later moved to the Nine Network to become one of the regular hosts of In Melbourne Tonight. During the following three years he hosted several shows on the Nine Network, including The Sound of Music and a regular late night interview show.

Impact of smoking advertising on his career
Wagstaff's suave style led to his advertising Benson & Hedges, a brand of British cigarettes, with the tagline "When only the best will do ... and isn't that all the time?". In a 2003 interview published in The Age, journalist Chris Beck commented:

The Non Smokers' Movement of Australia website (issue 18, May–June 1997) wrote in "Smoking Frontman Expresses Late Regrets":

Later career and death
After a three-year stint in Hollywood, working in film and television, Wagstaff returned to Australia in 1975 and was immediately kept busy with TV appearances all over the country, including being a regular panellist on Channel 9's Celebrity Squares, then two years as permanent panellist on the 0-10 Network's Blankety Blanks, plus seven seasons as the host/presenter on the ABC's Stuart Wagstaff's World Playhouse.

Besides television, Wagstaff remained active in his first love, the theatre. In late 1979 he appeared again as Professor Higgins in My Fair Lady and a successful national tour followed in which he was also a co-producer. About this time he also produced Sydney and Melbourne seasons of the American stage comedy Father's Day. In 1981 he toured as the narrator in the successful Rocky Horror Show starring Daniel Abineri, and repeated this with a second tour a few years later which featured Russell Crowe. In 1982 Wagstaff appeared in a leading role in the play Noises Off which had a successful national tour. In 1983 he played the lead in Blithe Spirit at Marian Street Theatre in Sydney and then went on to host the Midday Movie and Friday Night Movies on the Seven Network for two years.

Wagstaff's television guest roles in the 1990s included appearances in G.P., Rafferty's Rules, A Country Practice and All Saints. He often appeared on The Midday Show and Good Morning Australia, and continued to appear on the Perth Telethon. The late 1980s and the 1990s saw him on stage with Sydney seasons and subsequent tours of Noises Off, Black Comedy, The Winslow Boy, Lend Me A Tenor and Gershwin's musical Crazy For You. He also appeared in the role of Old Cookson in the theatrical production of Pan at the Capitol Theatre, Sydney. Cameron Mackintosh’s production of Oliver!, had Wagstaff returning to the stage in the role of Mr. Brownlow.

Wagstaff died from complications associated with pulmonary fibrosis, aged 90, on 10 March 2015.

Honours
On 26 January 1998, Wagstaff was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) for service to the community, particularly through the Perth Telethon by raising funds for charities that support children's medical research.

In March 2023, Wagstaff was commemorated with a new street name 'Wagstaff Way' in the subdivision of the former TVW studios site in Dianella, Western Australia due to his direct personal contribution to Telethon. The new road was completed and open in August 2023.

Film

 * A Night to Remember (1958) as Titanic Steward (uncredited)
 * Seagulls Over Sorrento (1960, TV movie)
 * Concord of Sweet Sounds (1963, TV play) as Alexander Croyston
 * Sunstruck (1972) as Announcer
 * For Pete's Sake (1974) - Man in Chandelier Store (aka July Pork Bellies)
 * Is There Anybody There? (1975, TV movie) as Lars Dickinson
 * All at Sea (1977, TV movie) as Mr. Arthur Pickering
 * Bit Part (1978, TV movie) as Bernard
 * The Journalist (1979) as Courtney Lewers

Television

 * Whiplash (1961) as Jimmy Quicksilver (3 episodes)
 * The Hungry Ones (1963)
 * Studio A (1964) as Host
 * The Wagstaff Report (1965) as Presenter
 * Homicide (1966) as Stanley Copeland (episode: "Death Us Do Part")
 * Beauty and the Beast (1966-68) as Presenter ('The Beast')
 * Tonight Show (1968) as Host
 * In Melbourne Tonight (1970) as Host
 * The Partridge Family (1973) as Head Waiter (episode: "The Last of Howard")
 * Temperatures Rising (1974) as Thornton (episode: "Healer Man")
 * Celebrity Squares (1975) as Panellist
 * Name That Tune (1975) as Himself
 * Blankety Blanks (1977) as Panelist
 * The Dick Emery Show in Australia (1977) as Various Characters
 * Stuart Wagstaff's World Playhouse (1977-83) as Presenter
 * G.P. (1990s) as guest role
 * Rafferty's Rules (1990s) as guest role
 * A Country Practice (1990s) as guest role
 * The Midday Show (1990s) as regular guest
 * Good Morning Australia (1990s) as regular guest
 * Channel Seven Perth Telethon (1990s) as regular guest
 * All Saints (1998) as Reg Howard (episode: "Revelations")
 * Bullpitt! (1998) as Tyrone Wilde (episode: "One Hump or Two?")
 * Graham Kennedy: Farewell to the King (2005) as himself

title: Stuart Wagstaff


text:
Duntulm

Duntulm (Dùn Thuilm) is a township on the most northerly point of the Trotternish peninsula of the Isle of Skye made up of Shulista (north Duntulm), south Duntulm and Ghlumaig.

History
Duntulm was originally a Pictish fortress, forming one of a chain of duns or forts stretching along the north coast of the Isle of Skye. On the arrival of the Norsemen the fort became the residence of a powerful Viking leader who gave it the name David's Fort.

Trotternish often changed hands. It was not until the 16th century that the Lords of the Isles finally seized the territory and Donhall Gorm (Blue Donald) the chief (great-grandson of Hugh of Sleat), took up residence there and carried out considerable improvements to the fort. In 1730 the MacDonalds moved away from Duntulm and stayed for a time at Monkstadt before building their new castle at Armadale.

Duntulm is home to a clach-ultaich, a lifting stone. It is said to weigh a ton.

Geography
The village is most notable for the coastal scenery coupled with the ruins of Duntulm Castle, from which there are views of the Outer Hebrides. The single-track A855 road from Uig takes travellers around to Staffin.

This north-west tip of Skye is remote but glorious and has earned praise from travellers and walkers for some time; the trek to Rubha Hunish.

Economy
Duntulm contains one hotel, directly facing the castle and the sea. There are also the Duntulm Coastguard Cottages nearby, and the dispersed settlements in the area offer alternative accommodations.

title: Duntulm


text:
Saint Petersburg Declaration of 1868

The Saint Petersburg Declaration of 1868 or in full Declaration Renouncing the Use, in Time of War, of Explosive Projectiles Under 400 Grammes Weight is an international treaty agreed in Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire, November 29 / December 11, 1868. It succeeded the First Geneva Convention of 1864. It was a predecessor of the well-known Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907.

It was signed by the members of the International Military Commission convened for this purpose in the presence of the Imperial Cabinet of Russia.

History
In 1863, the Russian Army had perfected a fulminating musketball that could explode when it hit a hard target and was designed to blow up powder magazines or ammunition wagons. At the same time several similar projectiles for the same purposes were developed in America, the best one known being the Gardiner's Explosive Bullet, and both sides used them in the US Civil War, inflicting horrible wounds when aimed at people, and that, in turn, caused a public backlash against the weapon. In 1867, Russians perfected an improved explosive musketball that would detonate on any impact after being fired, even soft targets like people or animals. Predicting the disastrous effect of such a discovery on diplomatic relations with their neighbors, Russia decided to negotiate a ban on the development, creation, and use of such weapons before a grisly arms race commenced.

Upon the invitation of the Russian diplomat and statesman Prince Alexander Gorchakov, for the purpose of considering the existing rules of war, a conference of delegates met at Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire, in December 1868.

The nations represented were Austria-Hungary, Bavaria, Belgium, Denmark, France, United Kingdom (representing the British Empire), Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Persia, Portugal, Prussia and the North German Confederation (i.e., Greater Prussia), Russia, Sweden-Norway, Switzerland, the Ottoman Empire, and Württemberg. The United States, not considered a major power at the time, was not invited and took no part in the convention. Baden and Brazil ratified the agreement in 1869.

The delegates affirmed that the only legitimate object of war should be to weaken the military force of the enemy, which could be sufficiently accomplished by the employment of highly destructive weapons. With that fact established, the delegates agreed to prohibit the use of less deadly explosives that might merely injure the combatants and thereby create prolonged suffering of such combatants.

The Great Powers agreed to renounce, in case of war among themselves, the use "by their military or naval troops of any projectile of a weight below 400 grams (14 ounces avoirdupois), which is either explosive or charged with fulminating or inflammable substances."

While the declaration bans the use of fragmenting, explosive, or incendiary small arms ammunition, it does not prohibit such ammunition for use in autocannon or artillery rounds. The influence of this declaration on international humanitarian law were elucidated in the Japanese case Ryuichi Shimoda et al. v. The State (1963):

"International law of war is not formulated simply on the basis of humanitarian feelings. It has as its basis both considerations of military necessity and effectiveness and humanitarian considerations, and is formulated on a balance of these two factors. To illustrate this, an example often cited in the textbooks may be given, of the provisions of the St. Petersburg Declaration of 1868 prohibiting the use of projectiles under 400 grammes which are either explosive or charged with combustible or inflammable substances. The reason for the prohibition is explained as follows: such projectiles are small and just powerful enough to kill or wound only one man, and as an ordinary bullet will do for this purpose, there is no overriding need for using these inhuman weapons. On the other hand, the use of a certain weapon, great as its inhuman result may be, need not be prohibited by international law if it has a great military effect."

title: Saint Petersburg Declaration of 1868


text:
Bateman

Bateman may refer to:

Places

 * Bateman, Western Australia, a suburb of Perth, Australia
 * Electoral district of Bateman, an electorate of the Western Australian Legislative Assembly, centred on the suburb
 * Batemans Bay, a town and bay in New South Wales, Australia
 * Bateman, Saskatchewan, Canada
 * Bateman, Wisconsin, United States

Other uses

 * Bateman (surname)
 * Bateman, pen name of author and journalist Colin Bateman
 * Bateman's, the home of Rudyard Kipling in Burwash, East Sussex, England
 * Bateman Manuscript Project
 * Bateman's principle, in evolutionary biology
 * Batemans Brewery, Lincolnshire

title: Bateman


text:
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The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Luqi. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Luqi~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

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Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 01:14, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 15:40, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Luqi~enwiki


text:
Oracle Enterprise Manager

Oracle Enterprise Manager (OEM) is a set of web-based tools aimed at managing software and hardware produced by Oracle Corporation as well as by some non-Oracle entities.

Releases
Oracle Enterprise Manager includes three releases:

Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control
Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control, the oldest and arguably the best-known release, aims to manage Oracle databases. It originated as a Java client able to configure and manage databases.

Oracle Enterprise Manager Application Server Control
Oracle Application Server also has a web-interface to manage the application server.

Oracle Enterprise Manager Grid Control
To manage many databases and application servers (according to Oracle Corporation, preferably in a grid solution), the Oracle Enterprise Manager Grid Control can be used. It can manage multiple instances of Oracle deployment platforms; the most recent edition also allows for management and monitoring of other platforms such as Microsoft .NET, Microsoft SQL Server, NetApp filers, BEA Weblogic and others. Partners and IT organizations can build extensions to Oracle Enterprise Manager, and make them available to other Enterprise Manager users via an Oracle hosted web site called Oracle Enterprise Manager Extensibility Exchange.

System monitoring features include monitoring functionality that supports detection and notification of impending IT problems. It monitors Oracle Database instances, Oracle Real Application Clusters, and Oracle Application Server Farms and Clusters. OEM Grid Control comes with a set of performance and health metrics that allow monitoring of technology components such as applications, application servers, databases, as well as the back-end components on which they rely, such as hosts, operating systems and storage.

The architecture of the OEM for Grid Control has three distinct components: The OMA runs on the target host and collects information on the hardware, operating system, and applications that run on the target. The OMS runs on one or two servers and collects the data generated by the OMAs. The OMS pulls the information from the OMAs and aggregates the collections into the repository. The OMS also acts as the user-interface — by generating web-pages for database administrators to view the status of systems and services. The OMR comprises an instance of the Oracle database that stores the data collected by the OMS. Installers can make the OMR highly available or fault-tolerant by running it on an Oracle RAC instance across multiple nodes.
 * 1) the collection agent (Oracle Management Agent or OMA)
 * 2) the aggregation agent (Oracle Management Server or OMS)
 * 3) the repository agent (Oracle Management Repository or OMR)

Plug-ins on each of the OMAs can customise or manipulate the data presented by the OEM by extending the data that the OMAs collect. Administrators can customize the analysis of the data with "management packs" to look at specific collections of data to display a system's performance. The release of OEM allows for the design and configuration of custom Plug-ins to monitor any application desired. OMAs collect the data using the custom-built plug-in and transmit the results in XML format back to the OMS, which then stores and analyzes the data as desired. Oracle Enterprise Manager continues to expand its monitoring scope by offering management plug-ins for non-Oracle components, that are both Oracle-developed and developed in partnership by third-party vendors. For example, Plug-ins for Veritas Storage Foundation, VMWare vSphere, and EMC Clariion are available.

Key features of OEM Grid Control:
 * System Monitoring
 * Managing Groups
 * Job System
 * Information Publisher
 * Compliance Management
 * Extending Enterprise Manager
 * Managing Targets

Oracle Enterprise Manager Cloud Control
This is Oracle's release since 13c

Functionality
Oracle Enterprise Manager performs much of its activity through intelligent agents which Oracle Corporation refers to as Oracle Management Agents. These run as autonomous proxy processes on a managed node, and perform execution and monitoring tasks for Oracle Enterprise Manager, communicating using the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP or HTTPS). By default, upon installation, the OMA enables several packs (Change Management, Performance & Tuning, Diagnostics and Configuration Management) without any regard to what a customer has licensed. Users need to de-select unlicensed packs after installing the agent on a target database.

Implementation
OEM uses by default the  schema in an Oracle database as a super-administrator account/repository. Utility programs such as  or   carry out actual functions. OEM also provides a command-line alternative, EMCLI (EM command line interface) with verbs to provide the same functionality as the UI-based EM.

Version history

 * Oracle Enterprise Manager Cloud Control 13c Release 5 (13.5) - April 2021
 * Oracle Enterprise Manager Cloud Control 13c Release 4 (13.4) - January 2020
 * Oracle Enterprise Manager Cloud Control 13c Release 3 (13.3) - July 2018
 * Oracle Enterprise Manager Cloud Control 13c Release 2 (13.2) - October 2016
 * Enterprise Manager 13c Release 1 (13.1) - December 2015 - ... support for Oracle applications, databases, middleware, hardware and engineered systems
 * Enterprise Manager 12c (12.1.0.2) - November 2011 - In this edition, Oracle stressed hybrid environments, labeling the release 'Total Cloud Control', included the cloud-oriented Oracle Enterprise Manager Cloud Control.
 * Enterprise Manager 11g - June 2010 - In this edition, Oracle used the term 'grid' that they had been using to describe the concept that eventually became more popularly known as 'cloud'. The release was labeled 'Grid Control'
 * Enterprise Manager 10g Release 1 - March 2004 -
 * Enterprise Manager 9i - June 2001 -

title: Oracle Enterprise Manager


text:
Brentwood, Western Australia

Brentwood is a suburb of Perth, Western Australia, located within the City of Melville and approximately 10 km from the Perth CBD. The nearest airport is Perth Airport (16 km away) and the nearest railway station is Bull Creek (0.8 km away).

History
Brentwood was developed as a state housing suburb after World War II. It is named after Brentwood, an English town near London which was the birthplace of John Bateman, a pioneer settler in the area.

Bus

 * 500 Bull Creek Station to Booragoon Bus Station – serves Moolyeen Road, Adamson Road and Bateman Road

Bus routes serving Leach Highway:
 * 178 Bull Creek Station to Elizabeth Quay Bus Station
 * 179 Bull Creek Station to Elizabeth Quay Bus Station
 * 502 Bull Creek Station to Fremantle Station
 * 503 Bull Creek Station to Murdoch Station
 * 504 Bull Creek Station to Murdoch Station
 * 505 Bull Creek Station to Murdoch Station
 * 508 Bull Creek Station to Cannington Station
 * 509 Bull Creek Station to Cannington Station
 * 915 Bull Creek Station to Fremantle Station (high frequency)

title: Brentwood, Western Australia


text:
Template:SeyffertDCA

This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of Classical Antiquities by Oskar Seyffert, edited by Henry Nettleship and J. E. Sandys (1894).

title: Template:SeyffertDCA


text:
User talk:Justice League 05

User now Known as Triceratops 07

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File:Blonde.JPG listed for deletion
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ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:09, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:33, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Justice League 05


text:
Happy Hammond

Harry Montague Hammond (7 May 1917 – 1 April 1998), professionally known as Happy Hammond, was an Australian comedian, radio host, children's television show host, and television producer.

Biography and broadcasting career
Happy Hammond was born in the Sydney suburb of Summer Hill, the youngest of three children. His parents were both deaf and mute.

He was famous for his bright personality and wearing a tartan suit and hat, sometimes referred to as his "test pattern" outfit, with colors that clashed in real life but worked well on black-and-white TV. His catchphrase was "Is everybody happy?" along with the theme song for the show, "Happy Days Are Here Again".

The nickname "Happy" came from his time in the Australian Army during World War II. He served in the South West Pacific Area and, following a few concerts, was transferred to the Australian Army Entertainment Unit, the "Boomerangs", entertaining Australian troops in combat areas. He performed in concerts with Keith Glover, who later went on to join the ABC. After the war, the pair took their act to the Tivoli circuit.

Hammond's broadcasting career began in his home town of Geelong when he became the breakfast announcer at 3GL. While there, he made his first TV appearance in 1948, as part of an exhibition using closed-circuit TV equipment for trial purposes. He then moved to Adelaide's 5KA, before returning to Victoria to work first at 3AW and then 3UZ, both in Melbourne. At 3UZ, he hosted The Happy Show, a children's program, as well as partnering Graham Kennedy, following the death of Nicky Whitta in September 1956. Hammond joined television station GTV-9, and shortly after, he invited the young Kennedy to appear on a telethon, where he was noticed by Norman Spencer, leading eventually to Kennedy joining the channel as well.

On TV, the Tarax Happy Show (later the Tarax Show) started on Melbourne's GTV-9 in January 1957, debuting from the Myer Emporium's Lonsdale Street store window. During Hammond's time at GTV-9, the program was only seen in Victoria, where it competed with Young Seven on HSV-7.

Hammond switched to HSV-7 in 1960, where The Happy Show, no longer sponsored by Tarax, featured Princess Panda (Panda Lisner), Lovely Anne (Anne Watt), Parer the Magician (Tommy Parer), Funny Face (Vic Gordon), Big John (John D'Arcy), Robbie Rob (Bob Horsfall), Cousin Roy (Roy Lyons) and Sylvester the Talking Sock (Ian Wiliams). The program was also relayed to ATN-7 in Sydney. During Watt's absence for her honeymoon in early 1965, her place was taken by a young Olivia Newton-John.

Hammond was a keen supporter of the Geelong Football Club in the Victorian Football League. On Grand Final day in 1963, he was accorded the honour of running through the banner with the Geelong players before the game, which Geelong won.

Logie Award
Hammond's program won a Logie Award in 1959 (the Logies' inaugural year) for Most Popular Children's Show, and Hammond himself won a Logie in 1962 for Outstanding Contributions to Children's Entertainment.

After the cancelation of The Happy Show in 1968, Hammond moved to produce daytime television morning shows and afternoon children's shows and, in his later years, had an off-camera role in HSV-7's videotape department, although every year until the 1990s he continued to appear on the station's Royal Children's Hospital Good Friday Appeal. He was occasionally seen on Shirl's Neighbourhood.

Limited footage remains from Happy Hammond's career. The most commonly seen clip is a musical finger-clicking routine. A very small number of kinescopes of The Happy Show are held by the National Film and Sound Archive,   despite the heavy Wiping of that era.

title: Happy Hammond