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Golden Isles of Georgia

The Golden Isles of Georgia consist of barrier islands, and the mainland port cities of Brunswick and Darien on the 100-mile-long coast of the U.S. state of Georgia on the Atlantic Ocean. They include St. Simons Island, Sea Island, Jekyll Island, Little St. Simons Island, Sapelo Island, and Blackbeard Island. The islands are part of a long chain of barrier islands known as the "Sea Islands", located along the coasts of South Carolina, Georgia and northern Florida.

Mild winters, together with natural beaches, vast stretches of marshland, maritime forests, historical sites, and abundant wildlife on both land and sea attract families, nature, fishing and water sports enthusiasts, golfers, and history buffs.

All the islands are located within McIntosh County and Glynn County, and make up the lower middle section of Georgia's eleven barrier islands. Annual mild temperatures average 68 °F, with July highs of 90 °F. St. Simons is the largest, with a permanent population of 12,743 residents as of the 2010 census. Curled around its north end and accessible only by boat is Little St. Simons Island—privately owned and maintained in its natural state with a small capacity guest lodge and cottages. Jekyll Island is owned by the state of Georgia and operated as a state park, with limited residential areas. Sea Island is owned by Sea Island Acquisitions, LLC, and is home to the world-famous Cloister resort and residential homes valued in the millions of dollars.

The City of Brunswick traces its history back to early Colonial times, and the founding of the Georgia colony by General James Oglethorpe. From its earliest days, the port of Brunswick was important to the growth and economy of the new nation. In 1789, George Washington named Brunswick one of the five original ports of entry for the thirteen colonies. During World War II, Brunswick hosted an important construction site for Liberty ships, and Naval Air Station Glynco, a major operational base for blimps.

The City of Darien traces its history back to the construction of Ft. King George in 1722; chartered in 1736, it is the second oldest city in Georgia. James Oglethorpe laid out the city plan for Darien, noted for its squares and grid pattern much like Savannah, which he also planned. Fort Federica on St. Simons Island was later constructed to protect the City of Darien and its important commerce.

Tourism is the most important economic driver in the Golden Isles, with an estimated 2.4 million visitors in 2014. Other key components of the local economy include the Port of Brunswick, Federal Law Enforcement Training Center, aviation support services, and manufacturing. Travelers to the area arrive primarily via Brunswick Golden Isles Airport and Interstate 95. McKinnon St. Simons Island Airport serves general aviation.

St. Simons Island
St. Simons Island is the largest of the Golden Isles, with a permanent population of 12,743 as of the 2010 census. Reachable via the F. J. Torras Causeway, the Island is a tourist destination for its beaches, water sports, boating and fishing, golf, nature trails, historical landmarks, shopping, restaurants and nightlife.

The St. Simons Lighthouse, located on the south end of the Island, has been in operation since 1872 (an earlier lighthouse, completed in 1810, was destroyed during the Civil War). Today, the Lighthouse and Museum are open to the public on a daily basis. Adjacent to the Lighthouse is Neptune Park which has a public pool and playground. The nearby Pier is a draw for anglers, tourists, and sightseers. The Pier Village on Mallery Street is lined with boutiques and a variety of restaurants.

Not far from the village, beaches include Massengale Park and the Coast Guard Station Beach, which also features the Maritime Center Museum. Near the Coast Guard beach is the Bloody Marsh battle site where in 1742, a small garrison of British troops defeated a much larger Spanish force and in the process, put an end to Spain's influence north of Florida.

Farther to the north are the ruins of Fort Frederica, established by Gen. James Oglethorpe in 1736 as protection for the Georgia colony, and Cannon's Point, a 600-acre nature preserve that includes maritime forest, marshland, hiking trails and plantation ruins.

Housing on St. Simons Island consists primarily of single-family homes and condominiums, many of which are rented during peak visitation periods. Due to the mild climate, outdoor activities are common year-round, including hiking, bicycling, canoe and kayaking, paddle-boarding, offshore and inshore fishing and beachcombing. Golf is among the Island's most popular attractions, highlighted by the PGA's RSM Classic (formerlyMcGladrey Classic) in November.

Sea Island
Sea Island is a privately owned resort and residential community, located to the east of St. Simons Island and reachable by causeway. The upscale resort operates properties on Sea Island: The Cloister, Beach Club, Cottages; and on St. Simons Island: The Lodge, and The Inn at Sea Island. With the exception of special events, access is restricted to guests of any Sea Island property, island home owners and their guests, and Sea Island Club members. The resort also includes three championship golf courses, one of which, the Seaside course on St. Simons Island, hosts the annual PGA tour event, The RSM Classic (formerly The McGladrey Classic).

In June, 2004, the 30th G8 Summit was hosted by President George W. Bush on Sea Island.

Little St. Simons Island
Little St. Simons Island lies to the north and east of St. Simons Island and is accessible only by boat. Privately owned, it is the only island in the group virtually untouched by development. Its 10,000 acres include maritime forests, marshland, and seven miles of unspoiled, natural beach.

The Lodge on Little St. Simons, a rustic retreat originally built as a hunting lodge offers the only available accommodations, with a limit of 32 guests per night. A staff of naturalists conduct guided tours along the beach and inland. Available activities include birding, kayaking, bicycling, hiking, fishing and nature photography. Guests depart on a private boat from the Hampton River Marina on St. Simons Island. The Lodge is one of only two properties in the U.S. to be awarded a Benchmarked Certificate by Green Globe 21, a global certification organization dedicated to sustainable tourism.

Little St. Simons Island has been declared an "Important Bird Area" by the Audubon Society.

Jekyll Island
Jekyll Island is wholly owned by the state of Georgia and managed by the Jekyll Island Authority. Located south of St. Simons Island, it is reachable via the Downing Musgrove Causeway (GA 520) off US 17 in Glynn County. Purchase of a parking pass is required to drive onto the island (as of June, 2015, fees are $6.00 daily, $28.00 weekly, or $45.00 annually).

The island includes 10 miles of beach, four golf courses, a Nature Center, boat tours, the Jekyll Island Convention Center, and a variety of lodging options. The Jekyll Island Museum operates tours of the Historic Landmark District which includes homes built during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries by wealthy Northern businessmen, including J. P. Morgan, William Vanderbilt, Joseph Pulitzer, and Marshall Field.

The Georgia Sea Turtle Center on Jekyll is a rehabilitation hospital, research center and education facility devoted to conservation and protection of sea turtles. Open to the public year-round, the Center offers exhibits, viewing of turtle patients, and a variety of educational programs and field trips.

The Jekyll Island Club opened in 1888, and quickly became one of the most exclusive private social clubs in the United States. Among its members was AT&T president Theodore Vail, who participated from there in the first transcontinental telephone call on January 25, 1915. After the Panic of 1907, Senator Nelson Aldrich convened secret meetings of prominent bankers at the Club, under the guise of a duck hunting trip, to formulate plans for a central banking structure, which ultimately became the basis for the Federal Reserve System.

By statute, commercial development on Jekyll Island is tightly restricted. Homeowners on the Island rent their land from the state on long-term leases.

Historic Brunswick
Brunswick's first English settler was Capt. Mark Carr, who established a plantation on the site in 1738, while serving under Gen. James Oglethorpe. Four years later, Capt. Carr participated in the Battle of Bloody Marsh on St. Simons Island. In 1771, Carr's property was acquired by the Royal Province of Georgia, and the city was laid out in the "Oglethorpe grid" pattern, similar to Savannah. Listed on the National Register of Historic Places, the Brunswick Old Town Historic District contains several landmarks and 19th century homes.

Mary Ross Park on the East River hosts a variety of events including concerts, weddings, a farmer's market, and the annual Brunswick Stewbilee. Passenger cruise ships dock at the park, as well as local shrimp boats that trawl the area's offshore shrimping grounds. Readers of Travel + Leisure voted Brunswick one of America's Best Small Towns for July 4 in 2014.

Located on the east side of the Brunswick peninsula are the "Marshes of Glynn", commemorated by Georgia poet, Sidney Lanier. Just down US 17 is the Sidney Lanier Bridge, site of an annual 5K run that draws participants from throughout the Southeast.

Glynn County
Glynn County, Georgia, where the Golden Isles are located is one of the state's original eight counties, established in 1777 from 423 square miles of land formerly held by Creek Indians. The county seat is Brunswick, the only incorporated entity in the county. Glynn County is named for John Glynn, a member of the British Parliament and a friend of the colonies who once held the position of Sergeant of London.

Notable features include the Sidney Lanier Bridge which spans the entrance to the Port of Brunswick, and is one of the gateways to the Golden Isles. It is currently the longest spanning bridge in Georgia. The Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC) is headquartered in Glynn County, and provides training for several federal law enforcement agencies. The Brunswick Golden Isles Airport serves residents and tourists alike, and is home to a growing aviation services industry.

The 2010 Census reported Glynn County's population at 79,626.

History
Today's Golden Isles were first settled about 4,500 years ago by tribes of the Creek nation. When the Spaniards arrived in the early 1500s, they encountered the Guale and Mocame tribes of the Timucuan people. Relations between the Native Americans and the European newcomers alternated between friendly and hostile, as their allegiance was sought by competing Old World powers. By the late 1600s most of present-day Georgia became known as the "Debatable Land," while the French, Spanish and English all fought to establish dominance.

During this time, a Scottish nobleman, Sir Robert Montgomery, who envisioned a utopian colony between the Savannah and Altamaha rivers, published "A Description of the Golden Islands" in London (1720). The colony was never established, but the name persists to this day.

By the 1730s, the Native American population had declined, and Great Britain had prevailed to the extent of founding the colony of Georgia under the leadership of Gen. James Oglethorpe, who established the city of Savannah. (Some three decades later, the town of Brunswick would be laid out in a similar grid pattern, consisting of streets and squares.) In 1736, Oglethorpe built Fort Frederica on the western shore of St. Simons Island to defend the Georgia colony from the Spaniards to the south.

Title to the "Debatable Land" was finally established in 1742, after the Battle of Bloody Marsh on St. Simons Island. By way of strategic brilliance and trickery, Gen. Oglethorpe and his badly outnumbered force defeated the Spaniards, who then retreated to St. Augustine, never to return. When the General's force was disbanded in 1749, Fort Frederica fell into disuse, and was destroyed by fire in 1758. Today the fort's remains, along with the Bloody Marsh site, is a national monument operated by the National Park Service.

Military action on the south Georgia coast during the American Revolution was very limited compared to events in the north. In April, 1778 there was a brief naval skirmish off St. Simons Island in which the Americans prevailed. However the British capture of Savannah later that year effectively ended further hostilities.

As agriculture took hold after the Revolution, the Golden Isles region become known for rice and cotton. On St. Simons Island, a fine, long-fiber variety, known as Sea Island cotton became the preferred option in England, and came to be grown throughout the Georgia low country. Several plantations thrived on St. Simons, among them were Hamilton, Retreat, Hampton, and Cannon's Point. The only surviving ruins are at Cannon's Point and the tabby slave cabins at Hamilton. Both are open to the public. One former slave cabin from Retreat Plantation has been restored, and today houses a local gift shop.

Even before the Civil War, Island plantations had begun their decline due to a dramatic slackening of English demand, lack of crop rotation for soil management, and absentee ownership. Postwar, the area languished until the advent of the lumber mills in the latter third of the 19th century. During this period, a new lighthouse was constructed to replace the 1810 lighthouse that was destroyed during the Civil War. The current Lovely Lane Chapel was built, and Christ Church was rebuilt. One of the Island mills supplied timbers for New York's Brooklyn Bridge.

With the turn of the 20th century and the arrival of the automobile, a new industry began to arise—vacation travel. In 1924, the F. J. Torras Causeway opened St. Simons Island to everyone. Sea Island, Little St. Simons, and Jekyll Island all remained in private hands, with the latter becoming the site of winter homes for wealthy Northern industrialists and bankers.

During World War II, blimps from Glynco Naval Air Station in Brunswick patrolled the Atlantic, protecting convoys and looking for German U-boats that frequented the area. The Brunswick harbor served as one of the nation's most important production centers for Liberty Ships.

Geography and climate
The City of Brunswick and its four barrier islands are located on the south Georgia coast, about midway between Savannah and Jacksonville. The islands lie between the Altamaha River delta to the north and the Satilla River to the south. This location is the center point of the Georgia Bight, the inward curve of the east coast that stretches from Cape Fear, North Carolina to Cape Canaveral, Florida. The resulting funnel effect on incoming tides in this region creates a more extreme tidal swing than elsewhere on the U.S. coast, ranging from six to ten feet.

According to the Köppen Climate Classification System, the Golden Isles climate is humid subtropical, with hot summers and mild winters. The average low temperature in January is 42.6 °F. The average high in July is 90.4 °F. Rainfall is greatest in August and September. Accumulation of snow/ice is extremely rare.

In 1968 when famed Chicago TV weatherman P. J. Hoff was about to retire, he conducted an extensive analysis, based on his personal preferences, to find the best climate in the U.S. Based on several factors, he chose the Golden Isles, and moved to St. Simons Island, where he lived until his death in 1981.

Wildlife and vegetation
One of the primary attractions that brings visitors to the Golden Isles is its vast and diverse array of wildlife and marine vegetation. The area's most distinctive characteristic, its extensive marshes and estuaries, provide an abundance of food plus breeding grounds for a multitude of land, sea, and air creatures.

Most of the area between the islands and the mainland consists of marshland, dominated by smooth cordgrass (Spartina), which is the key provider of life-sustaining nutrients for the wildlife. Every fall, the marsh grass turns a rich amber, giving evidence for the name, Golden Isles.

The results of this rich source of nutrients are visible everywhere. Commonly seen along the beaches and the adjacent maritime forests are several species of shorebirds, including egrets, herons, white ibis, gulls, terns, plovers, sandpipers, pelicans, and ospreys. Local birds of prey include vultures, hawks, and the southern bald eagle. Five of the eighteen sites along Georgia's Colonial Coast Birding Trail are located within the Golden Isles/Glynn County.

Among the sights along the beaches, inshore waterways and piers are horseshoe crabs, ghost crabs slipping in and out of their holes in the sand, dolphin, manatees (in summer), jumping mullet, jellyfish, sand dollars, stingrays, and conch shells inhabited by hermit crabs. Sand dunes along the rear of the beach protect the inland vegetation and serve as an essential buffer during storm tides. The picturesque sea oats along the dunes, with their complex root systems help keep the sand in place; and Georgia law prohibits picking them. Beach morning glories and their vines serve a similar purpose. During certain times of year, dead cordgrass (known as wrack) washes up on the beach and gathers at the high tide line. Insects and microorganisms in the wrack offer nutrients and the wrack itself traps sand to help nourish the dunes. Behind the dunes sits a variety of vegetation, culminating in the maritime forests that provide the tree canopy so characteristic to Georgia's barrier islands. Live oaks, southern pines, cabbage palms, magnolias, and others create the canopy. Below is a vast complex of shrubs including palmettos, yaupon, yucca, prickly-pear cactus, resurrection fern, and many others including the iconic Spanish Moss. The forest is also home to different species of amphibians and land animals, including deer, snakes, raccoons, alligators, wild turkey, frogs, and many others.

One of the area's most beloved, and endangered, creatures is the loggerhead sea turtle. From late May through mid-August, female turtles clamber up the beach after dark to dig nests in the dunes above the high water line and lay their eggs. Turtle eggs face many threats of both the natural and man-made variety; and all species of sea turtles are currently protected by the Federal Endangered Species Act. The Georgia Department of Natural Resources coordinates the efforts of several local agencies and volunteers under the Georgia Sea Turtle Cooperative. These groups monitor, protect and manage nests found on Golden Isles beaches, in addition to conducting research and public awareness and education programs. The Georgia Sea Turtle Center on Jekyll Island, a member of the Cooperative, provides rehabilitation services for injured turtles as well as research and education through a variety of programs and field trips.

Another endangered species found just offshore is the North Atlantic Right Whale. These migratory animals got their name from whalers because they were easy to hunt and yielded large amounts of oil and baleen. As a result, they were hunted almost to extinction. Right whales are currently protected by both Federal and State law. Because the waters off South Georgia and Florida are their only known calving grounds, the NOAA has designated a critical habitat area extending from the Altamaha River delta to Melbourne, Florida. Federal law prohibits vessels from approaching or remaining within 500 yards of a right whale. In December, 2014, the Georgia Department of Natural Resources estimated that there were fewer than 100 breeding females in existence.

Culture
Because of its long and varied history and mixture of disparate peoples, the Golden Isles enjoys a rich cultural heritage that locals work to preserve in a variety of ways. There is also a vibrant contemporary culture that manifests itself in a broad mixture of creative arts. Local theater productions, art exhibits, music festivals, culinary events, environmental expositions, art and photography shows are scheduled throughout the year. Venues include the historic Ritz Theatre, Brunswick Actors Theatre, Mary Ross Park, Neptune Park, and the St. Simons Island Casino, home of the Island Players.

Arts and music
The Golden Isles are home to a growing number of art galleries, and other venues where creative artists share their works. Golden Isles Arts & Humanities in Brunswick and Glynn Visual Arts on St. Simons Island have each been instrumental in promoting and supporting both established and beginning artists.

Among the more unusual local art forms are the Tree Spirits of St. Simons Island. Created by a local sculptor, they memorialize sailors lost at sea on ships made of island lumber, along with some Native Americans. Their mournful expressions create an emotional and unforgettable experience for viewers.

The centuries-old art of stained glass is on display at several locations throughout the Golden Isles. At Christ Church Frederica, "The Confession of St. Peter" dates to 1899. Faith Chapel on Jekyll Island includes a window signed by Louis Tiffany. Lovely Lane Chapel at Epworth by the Sea features Old English Art Glass windows. Another Tiffany window is located at St. Mark's Episcopal Church in Brunswick. Other notable examples can be seen at the King & Prince Resort, the Cloister Hotel, and the Jekyll Island Club Hotel, as well as many other churches throughout the area.

In late spring and summer, music lovers enjoy outdoor concerts at Mary Ross Waterfront Park in Brunswick and Neptune Park on St. Simons Island. Jekyll Island hosts annual festivals that feature both local and out-of-town performers.

African-American heritage
The Golden Isles are located near the southern end of the Gullah Geechee Cultural Heritage Corridor, a coastal area that stretches from Wilmington, NC to Jacksonville, FL, extending 30 miles inland along its length. Gullah Geechee refers to a people, a language and a culture. The Gullah Geechee people are descendants of slaves primarily from west and central Africa who were brought to work on cotton and rice plantations along the coast of North and South Carolina, Georgia, and north Florida. The Gullah language is a creole tongue that combines English with a number of African dialects.

Coastal, primarily rice-growing plantations came to be isolated from their mainland counterparts due to the prevalence of tropical diseases such as malaria, which tended to keep the plantation owners inland. Consequently, the West African slaves were able to form tight-knit communities that retained more of their homeland culture and languages. This Gullah Geechee way of life continued more or less intact until the advent of 20th-century coastal development. The Heritage Corridor is one result of efforts to protect and preserve this unique and little-known culture.

The St. Simons African American Heritage Coalition works to preserve and educate people about Gullah Geechee culture through the annual Sea Island Festival each June on St. Simons Island. Performers at the Festival have included the Georgia Sea Island Singers, a world-renowned folk group that specializes in Gullah music and dance. The Coalition also conducts tours of Gullah Geechee sites on the island. Recently they played a leading role in fundraising for restoration of the historic Harrington School House, which dates to the 1920s and served the island's African-American communities.

Ghost stories
Given its long history, it is not surprising that ghost stories are plentiful in the Golden Isles. Some of the tales often heard from locals and tour guides alike include:
 * Mary the Wanderer, who lost her lover in a storm at sea, is sometimes seen with a lantern or riding a white horse, continuing her search
 * The flickering light in Christ Church cemetery…a candle, said to have been put there by the husband of a deceased woman who always kept a lighted candle by her bedside to allay her fear of the dark
 * The ghost of Frederick Osborne at the St. Simons Lighthouse…a former lighthouse keeper killed in a duel
 * The Jekyll Island Club Hotel is said to be frequented by several long deceased guests who have yet to check out.

Annual festivals and events
Southeast Georgia Health System Bridge Run

February – Brunswick. A challenging 5K race over the Sidney Lanier Bridge, and allied events. Scheduled on Saturday of Presidents Day weekend.

Blessing of the Fleet

May – Brunswick. A two-day celebration of the Golden Isles shrimp fishing industry in Brunswick, scheduled on Mother's Day weekend.

Turtle Crawl Triathlon & Nest Fest

May – Jekyll Island. A USA Triathlon-sanctioned event that includes an International Distance Triathlon, a Sprint Distance Triathlon, and a traditional 5K Run.

Georgia Sea Island Festival

June – St. Simons Island. A celebration of the African-American Gullah Geechee culture, musical traditions, crafts and food, featuring the Georgia Sea Island Singers.

Southern Grown Festival

June – St. Simons Island. All about food and music of the South: chef demonstrations, fish fry, classes & lectures, dinner and a concert, local Southern food market, and Sunday brunch.

Shrimp & Grits: The Wild Georgia Shrimp Festival

September – Jekyll Island. Shrimp boat tours, vendors, live music, kids' fun zone, chefs' demonstrations, plus a variety of shrimp and grits dishes.

Brunswick Rockin' Stewbilee

October – Brunswick. A Brunswick Stew cooking contest coupled with a 5K run, live entertainment, kids fun zone, antique car show plus arts and crafts.

CoastFest

October – Brunswick. A day of environmental fun and education. Interactive exhibits and displays offer the latest information about coastal weather, native plants, recycling, sea turtles, water conservation, archeology, herpetology, and geology.

Golden Isles SUP Classic

October – St. Simons Island. Stand-up paddleboarding races with cash prizes and trophies for the winners.

Saint Simons Food & Spirits Festival

October – St. Simons Island. A weekend to celebrate food and spirits of the Golden Isles. Food tastings at the Pier Village, several concurrent events at area restaurants, artisan market, cooking classes and demonstrations, children's activities, Sunday brunch.

The RSM Classic (formerly McGladrey Classic)

November – St. Simons Island. An official PGA Tour event, hosted by Island resident, Davis Love, III, held on the Seaside Course at the Sea Island Golf Club on St. Simons Island. The event, which began in 2010, has added a second course for 2015 and expanded its field to 156.

Jekyll Tree Lighting Festival & Holidays in History

November and December – Jekyll Island. Beginning with a Tree Lighting Festival on the Saturday after Thanksgiving, the celebration features lights and Christmas decorations in the Historic District, themed tours, storytelling, caroling and crafts.

Outdoor sports and activities
As a result of the Golden Isles' moderate climate, a variety of outdoor activities are popular year-round. Golf in the area dates back to the early 1900s, when courses were built on Jekyll Island for the wealthy industrialists who owned vacation homes there. Today there are sixteen public and private courses in Glynn County, including the historic Great Dunes Course on Jekyll Island that was designed by Walter Travis and opened in 1928, and the Seaside Course on St. Simons Island, host of the annual PGA tour event, The RSM Classic (formerly McGladrey Classic).

The nutrient-rich waters of the Golden Isles marshes, tidal creeks, rivers, sounds and the Atlantic Ocean are home to an extensive variety of fish and sea creatures, which in turn draws anglers from near and far. In-shore and river fishing can yield trout, redfish, flounder, sheepshead, whiting and more. Offshore anglers can land king mackerel, Spanish mackerel, cobia, grouper, snapper, amberjack, tarpon, and several shark species. Surf casting is also popular on the islands, as is fishing from the many piers and bridges throughout the area. Fishing licenses are required for anyone over 16 years of age. Size and catch limits are also enforced.

The area's natural scenery and nature preserves attract photographers, birders and kayakers. Popular water sports include sailing and offshore scuba diving. The tidal creeks, sandbars and relatively gentle surf have made paddle boarding an increasingly popular sport locally. Onshore activities include biking, hiking, tennis, and horseback riding. Fans of the relatively new sport of disc golf will find a course on St. Simons Island. Parks and playgrounds cater to families. In addition to swimming and sunbathing, Golden Isles beaches are visited throughout the year for walking, bird-watching, and shell-hunting.

Tourism
Because it was one of the few barrier islands not privately owned, St. Simons Island was the first of the Golden Isles to develop facilities for tourism, primarily on and around the south end where visitors arrived at the pier beginning in the 1870s. Also during this time, the luxurious Oglethorpe Hotel opened in Brunswick. With the advent of the automobile and the opening of the F. J. Torras Causeway in 1924, more facilities were built (most notably by auto magnate turned developer, Howard Coffin) and it was not long before St. Simons Island became a preferred vacation destination. In 1928, Mr. Coffin, who had earlier purchased Sea Island, opened the Cloister to great critical acclaim.

While St. Simons Island was entering its tourism phase, Jekyll Island remained a private retreat for the rich and famous. After the Great Depression and World War II, however, the Jekyll Island Club and the winter "cottages" fell into disuse. In 1947, the State of Georgia purchased the island for the purpose of creating a state park. Shortly thereafter, the Jekyll Island Authority was created by the state legislature to manage the island and develop a tourism business.

Today's tourism in the Golden Isles takes a variety of forms: day trippers from nearby counties, weekend getaways, family vacations, business travelers, active sports participants, eco-tourists, winter residents, history and culture enthusiasts, weddings & family gatherings. Accommodations include hotels and resorts in all price ranges, rental houses and condominiums, and bed & breakfast inns. The newly refurbished and enlarged oceanfront convention center on Jekyll Island reopened in May, 2012, followed by new hotels, restaurants, and retail space.

Economy
Within the Golden Isles, tourism is the key driver of economic activity, with an estimated impact of $1.1 billion (~$ in ) in 2014. The resort operator, Sea Island Company is the area's largest employer. Of less economic significance, but still important to the area's appeal, is the shrimping industry. Once known as the "shrimp capital of the world", local shrimpers continue to supply fresh catch to restaurants and retailers throughout the Golden Isles and beyond.

The Port of Brunswick is the centerpiece of the area's thriving logistics industry, while Brunswick Airport is home to a growing aerospace presence. Healthcare and manufacturing are the other primary economic drivers, along with the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center.

Chamber of Commerce
The Brunswick-Golden Isles Chamber of Commerce is a private, non-profit, membership-driven organization of business enterprises, professional firms, educational institutions and individuals who are committed to the continued economic growth and prosperity of Brunswick and the Golden Isles.

The Chamber does not operate as a department of the city, county or state, as it is a membership organization. Membership investments and expenses are tax deductible as a business expense rather than a charitable contribution, and businesses of every size and description are part of the Chamber. It is more than 1,300 businesses, 80 percent of which are small businesses with 10 employees or less, working together to enhance the economic climate and reduce the impediments to the flow of commerce in our community. The Chamber of Commerce is a unified voice for Glynn County businesses.

Economic development
Ongoing economic development of the community is managed by the Brunswick and Glynn County Development Authority. The purpose of the Development Authority is to promote new industry and existing industry expansion. In order to fulfill this responsibility, the Development Authority engages in various economic development activities that include but are not limited to:
 * Conducting an aggressive marketing campaign for industrial and commercial prospects
 * Developing industrial parks and freestanding industrial sites for use by expanding and new businesses
 * Maintaining legislative liaison with local, state, and national legislative delegations

The Brunswick and Glynn County Development Authority works to package appropriate incentives to recruit new industry including the following:
 * Issuing bonds to finance loans for industrial development.
 * Offering tax exemptions for unfinished goods that move through the Port of Brunswick. Working with the State Department of Economic Development to package local and state incentives together – with the state providing tax incentives for new or existing industries that generate job growth.

Convention and Visitors Bureau
The Golden Isles Convention & Visitors Bureau (CVB) is the official destination marketing organization dedicated to promoting tourism in Glynn County, Georgia. The Golden Isles CVB oversees the operation and maintenance of two Welcome Centers in Glynn County.

The Welcome Centers can be found in Brunswick, on I-95 southbound, between exits 42 and 38, and on St. Simons Island in the Pier Village area at 529 Beachview Drive.

The mission of the CVB is twofold: To promote the Golden Isles to become a nationally recognized resort destination. To advocate for the best quality visitor experience to protect the economic sustainability of the community.

Old Glynn County Courthouse
The Old Glynn County Courthouse is situated in a grove of live oaks within Magnolia Square—one of the historic parks and squares used to house livestock as a community pasture. The parcel was purchased in 1905 from the City for $1.00. Today it is still surrounded by moss-hung live oaks in addition to trees of foreign origin including Tung and Chinese pistachio.

The courthouse was designed by New Jersey architect Charles Alling Gifford of the New York firm Gifford & Bates. Gifford's work is notable within the National Historic Landmark District on Jekyll Island, principally Sans Souci Apartments (1896), Mistletoe Cottage (1900), and Jekyll Island Clubhouse Annex (1901). The cornerstone was laid on December 27, 1906 and construction was completed on December 18, 1907 at a total cost of $97,613. Restoration work began in the early 1990s.

It is noted as an example of Neoclassical Revival style or Beaux Arts (fine arts) architecture that flourished between 1885 and 1920. Beaux Arts combines ancient Greek and Roman forms with Renaissance ideas and is an eclectic Neoclassical style. Design suggests interlinking philosophy of justice: four identical entrances complement interior columns leading to justice; an intricate iron stair rail suggests delicate balance and the frailties of man.

The new Glynn County Courthouse is located immediately north of the structure. Opposite the Courthouse at 1709 Reynolds Street, the Mahoney-McGarvey House is known as one of the finest examples of Carpenter Gothic architecture in Georgia.

Historic Ritz Theatre
Originally, the Grand Opera House, a three-story Victorian building featuring ornate brick and stone work, was built for the legitimate stage. Later, it served as a theatre for vaudeville. In the 1920s, as motion pictures became the rage, the Opera House was converted into a movie palace. To give the building a more modern art deco look, the first-story brickwork was covered with carrara glass and an elaborate marquee and cascading sign were added. Thus, the Grand Opera House became the Ritz Theatre. In 1956, the world premiere of "A View From Pompey's Head," filmed primarily at the Oglethorpe Hotel (the grand hotel that used to sit across from the Ritz), was introduced by the film's star, Richard Egan, at the Ritz Theatre.

The Ritz Theatre (and single movie houses in general) fell into decline in the 60's and 70's. In 1981, the City of Brunswick purchased the Ritz, and again, the theatre was modernized and substantially altered; however, the Ritz sign was left intact. The extensive reconstruction was due in part to the collapse of the roof over the auditorium. This phase was completed in 1983.

In 2008, the Ritz became part of the Fox Theatre Institute (FTI), the only comprehensive theatre preservation organization in the U.S. and the premiere resource for historic theatre restoration and revitalization in Georgia, offering mentoring programs, preservation expertise, operational counseling, and educational opportunities. In 2010 Golden Isles Arts and Humanities applied for and received a restoration assistance grant, matched by the City of Brunswick, to restore the building's 58 original windows, which were loose and in danger of falling.

Under FTI's guidance, local craftsmen James Taylor and Taylor Davis, partnering with the Association for Preservation Technology and the Jekyll Island Restoration Team, restored the windows using the original glass and much of the original wood. FTI and the city then supported the repainting of the building. In 1899, the Grand Opera House was built of unpainted brick, then painted white by the movie company in the 1920s for a more modern feel. Because it would have been damaging to remove decades of paint from the surface, the theatre was painted a brick red when the city restored it in the 1980s. Local contractors Peninsula Painting were hired to refurbish the exterior using the same basic color scheme. When the work was completed in the summer of 2010, new curtains were made for the windows by Brunswick resident Jennifer George.

The original Ritz sign was the final exterior element needing restoration. The sign had not been fully operational for years, so FTI once again stepped in to provide assistance. In May 2011, local company Fendig Signs undertook extensive restoration work, including painting, rewiring, and the crafting of new neon letters by Ray Tanner. The restored sign was returned in the fall and on November 4, 2011, during Downtown Brunswick's First Friday event, Golden Isles Arts and Humanities held a grand re-lighting celebration.

The Ritz Theatre, located within the "Old Town Brunswick" historic district was built in 1899 to house the Grand Opera House, retail establishments, and the general offices of the Brunswick & Birmingham Railroad. Downtown Brunswick's theatre and arts center features year-round live performances, films, exhibits, and educational programs.

Hofwyl-Broadfield Plantation
In the early 1800s, William Brailsford of Charleston carved a rice plantation from marshes along the Altamaha River. The plantation and its inhabitants were part of the genteel low country society that developed during the antebellum period. While many factors made rice cultivation increasingly difficult in the years after the Civil War, the family continued to grow rice until 1913.

The enterprising siblings of the fifth generation at Hofwyl-Broadfield resolved to start a dairy rather than sell their family home. The efforts of Gratz, Miriam and Ophelia Dent led to the preservation of their family legacy. Ophelia was the last heir, and in her will she left the plantation to the state of Georgia in 1973.

A museum features silver from the family collection and a model of Hofwyl-Broadfield during its heyday. A brief film on the plantation's history is shown before visitors walk a short trail to the antebellum home. A guided tour allows visitors to see the home as Ophelia kept it with family heirlooms, 18th and 19th century furniture and Cantonese china. A stop on the Colonial Coast Birding Trail, this is an excellent spot to look for herons, egrets, ibis and painted buntings. A nature trail leads back to the Visitors Center along the edge of the marsh where rice once flourished. 5556 U.S. Highway 17 North, Brunswick, GA 31525

Old City Hall
This part-time city courthouse doubles as Brunswick's new venue of choice for everything from class reunions to wedding receptions.

Built at a cost of $33,000, (~$ in ) Old City Hall was fully restored with special purpose local option sales tax dollars and reopened in 2004. Its gleaming heart-pine and marble floors, original vintage fireplaces and newly refitted gaslight fixtures lend an air of old fashioned elegance to any gathering.

Construction on Old Brunswick City Hall began in 1886 from an architectural design by Alfred Eichberg, and was completed in 1889, with the installation of the clock/bell tower in 1893. The architectural style is Richardsonian Romanesque, with Queen Anne parallels.

Massive in stature, with the unusual addition of Italianate brackets, Romanesque Revival architecture was the style of choice for the majority of public buildings built in the United States during this period. Elaborate terracotta friezes decorate our Old City Hall clock tower and side entries, while the corner columns are adorned with gargoyles. 1229 Newcastle Street, Brunswick, GA 31520

A.W. Jones Heritage Center
April 2008 marked the opening of the 10,000-square-foot A.W. Jones Heritage Center. The center includes an entrance gallery, a museum shop and a 1,400 square foot event hall which is available for rent. The second floor includes the Society's administrative offices, a research library and the Society's vast collection of objects, artifacts and archival materials from hundreds of years of coastal Georgia history. The Heritage Center offers a large selection of collectibles and keepsakes. Local artists and writers are featured in the gift shop. 610 Beachview Drive, St. Simons Island, GA 31522

Arthur J. Moore Methodist Museum and Library
When the property was purchased in 1949, it was Bishop Moore's vision that it would one day become a retreat center and a place of inspiration for people of all ages. Moore was Bishop of both North and South Georgia conferences of the Methodist church as well as a leader in worldwide missions for over 20 years. The Arthur J. Moore Methodist Museum was dedicated in June 1966 began as a small library containing many volumes from the Bishop's personal collection. The museum in the beginning had a distinctly southern Methodist focus, containing principally oriental porcelains and other artifacts gathered by Moore during his travels.

Dr. Charles Layman, noted theologian, writer, and professor of Bible at the University of Florida, graciously offered to the museum items from his extensive Wesleyan collection. The Wesleyan grew rapidly. Later, North Georgia clergyman, Rev. David Ogletree, began making generous gifts from his substantial collection of Wesley historical artifacts.

The research library consisting of over 6,000 volumes has also expanded greatly through the years. In the spring of each year, thousands of youth from churches across the Southeastern jurisdiction gather on weekends at Epworth by the Sea as part of their confirmation class training.

Avenue of the Oaks
From 1760 until the outbreak of the American Civil War, cotton and rice plantations flourished in this area. The Sea Island cotton grown here became famous the world over for its quality. Retreat Plantation was one of the most prosperous plantations and was located on the southern tip of St. Simons Island.

Anna Page King, who inherited the land in 1826, planted the famous Avenue of the Oaks. It is said that Anna grew such an abundance of flowers at Retreat Plantation that sailors nearing St. Simons Island could smell the flowers' fragrance before they saw the Island shores. Once the entrance to Retreat Plantation, the Avenue of the Oaks is now the entrance to the Sea Island Golf Club. There is a drive around the double row of live oak trees which create the Avenue of the Oaks, most dating to around 1830.

Bloody Marsh Battle Site

At the Bloody Marsh Battle Site on July 7, 1742, an outnumbered force of British troops ambushed and defeated Spanish troops, halting a planned attack on Fort Frederica. Markers and information panels at this outdoor observation site explain the battle, which once and for all ended Spain's claims to the Georgia territory.

The Bloody Marsh Unit is located at 1810 Demere Road, St. Simons Island, GA 31522. This site is managed by the National Park Service as part of Fort Frederica National Monument.

Cannon's Point Preserve
A 600-acre wilderness tract on the Northeast corner of St. Simons Island, Cannon's Point is the last remaining undisturbed maritime forest on the island. Owned by the St. Simons Land Trust, the Preserve includes salt marsh, tidal creek, and river shoreline, as well as 4,000-year-old shell middens and ruins of a 17th-century plantation home and slave quarters. The Nature Conservancy holds a conservation easement on the property to ensure its preservation for future generations.

The Preserve is open to the public during specified days and hours. Visitors are advised to wear clothing appropriate for a wilderness outing, and bring bug spray.

Cassina Garden Club Slave Cabins

Hamilton Plantation, owned by James Hamilton, a native of Scotland, was located on Gascoigne Bluff near Fort Frederica. The Bluff was named for Capt. James Gascoigne, commander of the British sloop Hawk. The Bluff became a storehouse for marine supplies, ship repair facilities and in effect, was Georgia's first naval base. Hamilton Plantation was a working plantation, producing long staple Sea Island cotton along with oak and pine timbers.

Of the several tabby slave cabins built on the plantation, two remain today. They were constructed of tabby, which is a concrete-like mixture of lime, sand, water and oyster shells. The mixture is poured into wooden frames to harden. The cabins were divided in the center by a fireplace, thus creating two rooms that housed two families. Glass windows and wooden outside doors indicate that these cabins were probably living quarters of slaves that were high in the privilege hierarchy.

Cassina Garden Club began meeting in these cabins in 1932 and was deeded the property in 1950. As owner of this historic site, the Cassina Garden Club has restored and preserved the integrity of the cabins and displays many artifact and graphical histories.

The cabins are located adjacent to Epworth by the Sea, a Methodist Conference Center. General Oglethorpe's secretary, Charles Wesley and his Anglican clergyman brother, John, considered by many the founder of the Methodist Church, trod these grounds. All of this property was formerly part of Hamilton Plantation. This property was placed on the National Register of Historic Places by the United States Department of Interior in 1988.

Christ Church, Frederica
Christ Church, Frederica is located in a serene setting formed by native live oaks, holly and cedar trees. On the site of Christ Church, nestled among huge oak trees on the scenic north end of St. Simons Island, John and Charles Wesley preached before returning to England to help found the Methodist Church. In addition to being credited with founding the Methodist Church in England, the Wesley brothers also played a major role in the development of the Episcopal Church.

The first church structure was built in 1820 but was partially destroyed by Union troops during the Civil War. In 1884, the Reverend Anson Phelps Dodge Jr. built the present structure in memory of his wife, Ellen. Christ Church is constructed of wood in the cruciform design with a trussed Gothic roof and steeple. The grounds contain a cemetery with graves of early settlers and many famous Georgians. One Georgia author, Eugenia Price, who wrote many novels including a series on St. Simons is buried here along with Lucien Knight, the first state historian of Georgia. Another Georgian, a plantation owner who owned the point on St. Simons where the lighthouse was built, is buried at Christ Church cemetery. The cemetery's oldest tombstone is from 1803.

Today, the church and its stained glass windows are home to the Episcopal congregation on St. Simons. Christ Church is one of St. Simons Island's most treasured landmarks.

Epworth By The Sea
Epworth by the Sea is a world renown, comprehensive conference and retreat center owned by the South Georgia Conference of the United Methodist Church. Accommodating up to 900 persons, Epworth offers a range of motel rooms, family apartments and youth cabins. Auditoriums seat from 300 to 900. Meeting rooms and classrooms have audiovisual equipment. An in-season swimming pool, athletic field, covered basketball courts, tennis courts, bicycle rentals and fishing piers provide sports activities for all ages.

A hospitality ministry serving guests from around the world, Epworth is open to all denominations, state and local agencies, groups and individuals whose goals are consistent with Epworth's purpose, "To provide a Christian place for worship, study and fellowship."

The 100 acre campus is located on Gascoigne Bluff, the one-mile riverbank tract stretching from the causeway bridge to the bend in the Frederica River. More than 200 years after the Revs. John and Charles Wesley labored on St. Simons, South Georgia Methodists agreed that this was the perfect location for a conference and retreat center.

Assisted by influential businessman Alfred W. Jones Sr., president of the Sea Island Company, the Methodists purchased part of the Hamilton Plantation in 1949 and named it Epworth in honor of the Wesley's boyhood home in Epworth, England.

Lovely Lane Chapel, the oldest standing church building on St. Simons hosts Sunday services and is available for weddings. Constructed in 1880, it is named after the site of the 1784 founding conference of American Methodism in Baltimore, Maryland. 100 Arthur J. Moore Drive, St. Simons Island, GA 31522

Fort Frederica National Monument

In the early 1700s, Georgia was the epicenter of a centuries-old conflict between Spain and Britain. In 1736, three years after the founding of Savannah, James Oglethorpe established Fort Frederica to protect his southern boundary. 44 men and 72 women and children arrived to build the fort and town, and by the 1740s Frederica was a thriving village of about 500 citizens. Colonists from England, Scotland, and the Germanic states came to Frederica to support the endeavor. Georgia's fate was decided in 1742 when Spanish and British forces clashed on St. Simons Island. Fort Frederica's troops defeated the Spanish in the Battle of Bloody Marsh, ensuring Georgia's future as a British colony. However, the declining military threat to the Georgia coast saw the Fort's regiment disbanded in 1749. Today, the archeological remnants of Frederica are protected by the National Park Service. 6515 Frederica Road, St. Simons Island, GA 31522

Gascoigne Bluff
Historically, Gascoigne Bluff was the first possible landing area for a ship entering the harbor. The site of an Indian settlement long before the Wesleys landed here with James Oglethorpe, Gascoigne Bluff has been headquarters for a military invasion, a Sea Island cotton plantation, the site of a lumber mill and a shipping point for timber. Live oak timbers milled here in 1794 were used in building "Old Ironsides," the U.S.S. Constitution. In 1874, timbers were cut here for the Brooklyn Bridge.

At Gascoigne Bluff, you can visit the Cassina Garden Club Slave Cabins from the Plantation Era, a Southern Red Cedar tree that is the second largest of its kind in Georgia, a fishing pier, and a stand of live oak trees. Across the Frederica River, you will see three "ballast hammocks", small islands formed from ballast dumped by European ships before taking on cotton or lumber.

Lovely Lane Chapel
The oldest standing Church building on St. Simons Island, Georgia is Lovely Lane Chapel. Formally named St. James Union Chapel, it was built by Norman W. Dodge in 1880. Repaired following a hurricane in 1897, the chapel was deconsecrated in 1911 to be used as a recreation center, and was re-consecrated in 1949 after the Methodist purchased the property. Lovely Lane is named after the site of the 1784 Founding Conference of American Methodism in Baltimore, Maryland.

The chapel is currently open to the public for Sunday Worship Service as well as wedding ceremonies. 100 Arthur J. Moore Drive, St. Simons Island, GA 31522

Maritime Center
The Maritime Center makes its home in the historic Coast Guard Station. It has interactive exhibits and galleries featuring coastal Georgia's natural assets, maritime and military history.

The U.S. Coast Guard Station at East Beach on St. Simons Island was one of 45 U.S. Coast Guard Stations built around the country by the Works Progress Administration (WPA). Work on the East Beach Station began in Fall 1935. It is believed to be one of only three surviving stations from that era.

The station and boathouse had its "First Watch" on April 1, 1937. When the station first opened, the original beachfront was just a few feet from the front door. Today the station is separated from the beach by a large parking lot.

On April 8, 1942, GS U-123 (1940) sank two merchant ships, the SS Oklahoma and Esso Baton Rouge, off the coast of St. Simons Island. Joined by local residents, the coast guardsmen mounted the rescue.

In 1995, the East Beach Station was decommissioned and all local Coast Guard operations were moved to mainland Brunswick. A brand new Coast Guard Station was completed in 2005, just to the east of the Sidney Lanier Bridge. 4201 1st Street, St. Simons Island, GA 31522

St. Simons Island Lighthouse Museum
In 1965, a strong group of 10 citizens formed the Coastal Georgia Historical Society and began to successfully gather support from the community of Glynn County to preserve the early coastal heritage. When the Keeper's Dwelling was threatened with commercial development in 1975, the Society undertook the restoration of this 1872 building. As a result of this work, the dwelling was opened in 1975 as the St. Simons Island Lighthouse Museum and has been administered by the Society since that time.

In 1984, the St. Simons Lighthouse was leased by the United States Coast Guard and became part of the museum complex. Today, the St. Simons Island Lighthouse Museum is a recognized and viable part of the rich cultural history of the area. The lighthouse, which still lights the entrance to St. Simons Sound, adds the historical significance of the evolving pre- and post- Civil War navigation. In 2004, the deed to the St. Simons Island Lighthouse was transferred to the Coastal Georgia Historical Society under the National Historic Lighthouse Preservation Act of 2000. In April 2006, the Maritime Center at the Historic Coast Guard Station opened. 610 Beachview Drive, St. Simons Island, GA 31522

Georgia Sea Turtle Center
The Georgia Sea Turtle Center is a hospital for ill and injured sea turtles. It is the only hospital of its kind in the state of Georgia. The Center is open to the general public and offers an interactive Exhibit Gallery and Rehabilitation Pavilion with a number of viewable sea turtle patients. 214 Stable Road (Corner of Hopkins and Stable Road), Jekyll Island, GA 31527

Horton House
Major William Horton was granted Jekyll Island by the Trustees of the colony of Georgia in 1738, and he constructed this home in 1743. The Horton House is one of the oldest standing tabby concrete structure exteriors in the state. Horton was one of General James Oglethorpe's top military aids and was in charge of troops garrisoned at Fort Frederica on nearby St. Simons Island. Horton farmed the island, producing crops to aid with supplying Ft. Frederica. This included hops and barley to produce Georgia's first beer. Eventually, Horton added a warehouse to the site, of which remains still exist. His brewery, whose remains lie just down the road, supplied ale to troops and settlers at Fort Frederica on St. Simons Island. Today, the tabby ruins of Georgia's first brewery have mostly fallen into DuBignon Creek.

The site also includes the cemetery of the DuBignon Family, which owned Jekyll from 1790 to 1886 and occupied the house as their home from 1790 until sometime in the mid-1800s. There you can see the grave of John Eugene DuBignon, who sold Jekyll Island to the Jekyll Island Club in the late 1800s.

The Horton House is one of the oldest buildings in Georgia, and the site is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Preservation work on the site was made possible by a Save America's Treasures grant from the National Park Service, and received an Excellence in Preservation award from the Georgia Trust for Historic Preservation.

The Horton House site is open to the public.

Jekyll Island National Historic District

The Jekyll Island National Historic Landmark District is one of the largest ongoing restoration projects in the southeastern United States. The work to preserve the site has resulted in numerous awards and recognitions including Jekyll Island being named to the National Trust for Historic Preservation's 12 Distinctive Destinations and receiving the 2008 Georgia Trust for Historic Preservation's Marguerite William Award for Preservation.

The Jekyll Island Museum interprets stories of the Jekyll Island National Historic District Jekyll Island's history through exhibits, tours and programs.

Transportation

 * The Port of Brunswick is an Atlantic seaport located in Brunswick, Georgia, United States, in the southeast corner of the state. It is one of four ports operated by the Georgia Ports Authority. The Port of Brunswick is one of the nation's most productive ports on the Atlantic coast. Imported products include wood pulp, paper products, wheat, soybeans, and heavy machinery. Brunswick is the primary U.S. port of automobile imports for manufacturers Jaguar, Land Rover, Porsche, Mitsubishi and Volvo. Ford, GM and Mercedes export vehicles through Port of Brunswick. Other exports include agricultural products such as barley malt, corn and oats; other bulk cargo includes cement, gypsum, limestone, perlite, salt and sand.
 * The Glynn County Airport Commission was formed in 1980 to manage and develop opportunities at the county's two airports: Brunswick Golden Isles Airport and McKinnon St. Simons Island Airport. Made up of community leaders, its nine members serve rotating four-year terms.
 * Brunswick Golden Isles Airport (BQK) - Delta Connection flies between Brunswick Golden Isles Airport and Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport
 * McKinnon St. Simons Island Airport serves general aviation. The airport has two active runways - 4/22 at 5,800 feet long and 16/34 at 3,313 feet long. Several non-precision approaches provide inclement-weather access, as well as a visual guidance system to assist pilots on landing.
 * CSX and Norfolk Southern railways
 * Amtrak passenger service
 * Sidney Lanier Bridge
 * Federal Highways:
 * U.S. Route 17
 * U.S. Route 341
 * U.S. Route 25
 * Interstate 95
 * Georgia Department of Transportation
 * Federal Transit Administration

Health care
* Southeast Georgia Health System

title: Golden Isles of Georgia


text:
Category:Hemiprocnidae

The treeswifts are birds of the family Hemiprocnidae, in the order Apodiformes.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Hemiprocnidae


text:
George Halas Trophy

The George Halas Trophy may refer to:
 * The trophy given to the winner of the NFC Championship Game in the National Football League.
 * Newspaper Enterprise Association NFL Defensive Player of the Year Award

title: George Halas Trophy


text:
Wikipedia talk:Selected anniversaries/August 18

I think the 1941 item would read better with the word was inserted after the word Program. -- 199.71.174.100 00:11, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

Phobos: larger, not largest.
 * Right ! It's the larger of the two moons of Mars.  There isn't a third one. -- 199.71.174.100 07:04, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

Fixed both. Thanks. -- Sundar \talk \contribs 07:10, August 18, 2005 (UTC)

Vinalia Rustica
According to the Vinalia Rustica article, the festival doesn't actually have anything to do with the temple of Venus. Is this correct? CSWarren 13:20, 18 August 2007 (UTC)

2012 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 07:44, 17 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Rescued from Ineligible (unused): Virginia Dare (combined with Roanoke Colony blurb)
 * Omitted: Roanoke Colony; Helium; 1891 Martinique hurricane; Fifth Test, 1948 Ashes series; Movement to impeach Pervez Musharraf
 * Included: Great Meteor of August 18, 1783 (first appearance); Battle of Globe Tavern (first appearance); Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution (2nd appearance, last in 2009; blurb previously featured Women's suffrage in the United States, last appeared in 2010); 6th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment (2nd appearance, last in 2010); Luis Carlos Galán (4th appearance, last in 2010)

2013 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 07:06, 17 August 2013 (UTC)
 * Omitted: 1783 Great Meteor; Battle of Globe Tavern; Helium; Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution; 6th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment/Battle of Long Tan (latter added as observance); Luis Carlos Galán
 * Included: Battle of Marj Rahit (684) (first appearance); Siege of Málaga (1487) (first appearance); Phobos (moon) (4th appearance, last in 2010); Fifth Test, 1948 Ashes series (3rd appearance, last in 2011); Hurricane Alicia (first appearance; 30th anniversary)

2014 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 05:39, 17 August 2014 (UTC)
 * Moved to Ineligible: Helium (ineligible—maintenance)
 * Omitted: Battle of Marj Rahit (684); Siege of Málaga (1487); Phobos (moon); Fifth Test, 1948 Ashes series; Hurricane Alicia
 * Included: Pendle witches/Samlesbury witches (Pendle: first appearance; Samlesbury: 3rd appearance, last in 2012, moved from August 19); Battle of Globe Tavern (2nd appearance, last in 2012; 150th anniversary); 1891 Martinique hurricane (3rd appearance, last in 2011); 6th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment/Battle of Long Tan (6th Battalion: 3rd appearance; Battle: 8th appearance; both last in 2012); Luis Carlos Galán (5th appearance, last in 2012; 25th anniversary)

2015 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 08:49, 16 August 2015 (UTC)
 * Added and deleted: Mortal Kombat (film) (not notable enough)
 * Omitted: Battle of Globe Tavern; 1891 Martinique hurricane; 6th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment/Battle of Long Tan; Luis Carlos Galán
 * Included: Virginia Dare/Roanoke Colony (Dare: first appearance; Colony: 5th appearance, last in 2011); Helium (9th appearance, last in 2012; rescued from Ineligible); Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution (3rd appearance, last in 2012); Axe murder incident (5th appearance, last in 2009; rescued from Ineligible)
 * Repeats: Pendle witches/Samlesbury witches (both: 2nd consecutive appearance; Pendle: 2 total; Samlesbury: 4 total)

2016 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 16:02, 17 August 2016 (UTC)
 * Omitted: Virginia Dare/Roanoke Colony (ineligible—maintenance); Pendle witches/Samlesbury witches; Helium; Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
 * Included: Siege of Málaga (1487) (2nd appearance, last in 2013); 1783 Great Meteor (2nd appearance, last in 2012); 1891 Martinique hurricane (4th appearance, last in 2014; 125th anniversary); 6th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment/Battle of Long Tan (6th Battalion: 4th appearance; Battle: 9th appearance; both last in 2014; 50th anniversary)
 * Repeats: Axe murder incident (2nd consecutive appearance, 6 total; 40th anniversary)

2017 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 03:21, 18 August 2017 (UTC)
 * New articles (unused): Hurricane Alicia
 * Omitted: Siege of Málaga (1487); 1783 Great Meteor; 6th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment/Battle of Long Tan (Battle still included as observance); Axe murder incident (ineligible—maintenance)
 * Included: Battle of Marj Rahit (684) (2nd appearance, last in 2013); Virginia Dare/Roanoke Colony (Dare: 2nd appearance; Colony: 6th appearance; both last in 2015; rescued from Ineligible); Helium (10th appearance, last in 2015); The Hardest Day (first appearance); Uzbin Valley ambush (first appearance); Agneta Horn (first appearance); Matthew Boulton (first appearance); Maria Ulfah Santoso (first appearance)

2018 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 06:07, 18 August 2018 (UTC)
 * Omitted: Battle of Long Tan (ineligible—maintenance); Battle of Marj Rahit (684); Roanoke Colony; The Hardest Day; Uzbin Valley ambush; Agneta Horn; Matthew Boulton (moved to August 17); Maria Ulfah Santoso
 * Included: Margaret of Valois (5th appearance, last in 2009; rescued from Ineligible); Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution (4th appearance, last in 2014); Fifth Test, 1948 Ashes series (4th appearance, last in 2013; 70th anniversary); Movement to impeach Pervez Musharraf (2nd appearance, last in 2011); Knut Alvsson (first appearance); Baji Rao I (first appearance); Ruth Norman (2nd appearance, last in 2017; also appeared on July 12, her death anniversary)
 * Repeats: Helium (2nd consecutive appearance, 11 total; 150th anniversary)

2019 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 16:26, 23 August 2019 (UTC)
 * New articles (unused): Robert Redford; Cameron White; Evan Gattis; Jack Hobbs (footballer)
 * Omitted: Margaret of Valois; Helium; Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution; Fifth Test, 1948 Ashes series; Movement to impeach Pervez Musharraf; Knut Alvsson; Baji Rao I; Ruth Norman
 * Included: Battle of Marj Rahit (684) (3rd appearance, last in 2017); Pendle witches/Samlesbury witches (Pendle: 3rd appearance; Samlesbury: 5th appearance; both last in 2015); Phobos (moon) (5th appearance, last in 2013); Hildegard Trabant (first appearance); Luis Carlos Galán (6th appearance, last in 2014; 30th anniversary); Agneta Horn (2nd appearance, last in 2017); Maria Ulfah Santoso (2nd appearance, last in 2017); Edward Norton (first appearance; 50th birthday)

2020 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 02:19, 20 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Moved to Ineligible: Helium (maintenance); Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution (Alice Paul is POTD for 2020); Baji Rao I (maintenance)
 * Omitted: Battle of Marj Rahit (684); Pendle witches/Samlesbury witches; Phobos (moon); Hildegard Trabant; Luis Carlos Galán (ineligible—maintenance); Agneta Horn; Maria Ulfah Santoso; Edward Norton
 * Included: Battle of Long Tan (rescued from Ineligible); Siege of Málaga (1487) (3rd appearance, last in 2016); Roanoke Colony (7th appearance, last in 2017); The Hardest Day (2nd appearance, last in 2017; 80th anniversary); 2017 Turku attack; (first appearance) Olaf I of Denmark (first appearance); Ruth Norman (3rd appearance, last in 2018); Jack Hobbs (footballer) (first appearance)

2021 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 08:17, 19 August 2021 (UTC)
 * Omitted: Siege of Málaga (1487); Roanoke Colony; The Hardest Day; 2017 Turku attack; Ruth Norman; Jack Hobbs (footballer)
 * Included: 1783 Great Meteor (3rd appearance, last in 2016); 1891 Martinique hurricane (4th appearance, last in 2014); Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution (5th appearance, last in 2018); 6th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment/Battle of Long Tan (Battalion: 5th appearance; Battle: 10th; both last in 2016); Movement to impeach Pervez Musharraf (3rd appearance, last in 2016); Baji Rao I (2nd appearance, last in 2018; rescued from Ineligible); Cameron White (first appearance)
 * Repeats: Olaf I of Denmark (2nd consecutive appearance, 2 total)

2022 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 16:29, 22 August 2022 (UTC)
 * Moved to Ineligible: Margaret of Valois (maintenance)
 * New articles (ineligible): Genghis Khan (maintenance)
 * Omitted: 1783 Great Meteor; 1891 Martinique hurricane; Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution; 6th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment/Battle of Long Tan; Movement to impeach Pervez Musharraf; Olaf I of Denmark; Baji Rao I; Cameron White
 * Included: Battle of Marj Rahit (684) (4th appearance, last in 2019); Pendle witches/Samlesbury witches (Pendle: 4th appearance; Samlesbury: 6th; both last in 2019); Sakhalin Koreans (first appearance); Fifth Test, 1948 Ashes series (5th appearance, last in 2018); Hurricane Alicia (2nd appearance, last in 2013); Ruth Norman (4th appearance, last in 2020); Maria Ulfah Santoso (3rd appearance, last in 2019); Edward Norton (2nd appearance, last in 2019)

2023 rationale
 Heart  (talk) 04:00, 6 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Is Battle of Long Tan a holiday? Why is it in that section?
 * Wouldn't be opposed to a switch if someone else thinks 1919 and 1920 is too close.
 * Added three new articles to b/d. Please scrutinize these to make sure these are up to standards.
 * Avoided Effort to impeach Pervez Musharraf
 * Again, entries are all war-heavy.


text:
User talk:Phatcat68/Archive HopefullGomer

Hey, don't leave!
hey you are going down the right track! Don't leave! I know it can get discouraging, but push through man! Remember that we are supposed to be in the world, but not of it. Hope I'm not being hard or any thing, but this is a good opportunity to be in it. "They will know us by our love", how will they know us if we aren't here. Well, hope you decide to stay:) HopefullGomer 16:35, 13 August 2005 (UTC)


text:
BlueSpace Federal

BlueSpace Federal was an enterprise software small business that served the defense and intelligence communities, primarily in the United States. BlueSpace was focused on Cross Domain Solutions, creating applications that can span multiple classified security domains. Specific examples of the former include a Multi-Level Security (MLS) cyber situational awareness application that integrates with SolarWinds network monitoring and management software; an MLS email client that provides a user with a single inbox and calendar connected to Microsoft Exchange; an MLS search application that connects to Google Search Appliance devices on multiple networks; and an MLS C2 application that connects to a Google Earth server and shows the operator a Unified Operating Picture that is the combination of multiple Common Operational Pictures (COPs) on different networks.

It was acquired by Sterling Computers Corporation in 2014.

History
BlueSpace was founded in Austin, Texas in 2006 initially with funding from Gefinor Ventures. In June 2010, BlueSpace participated in the Coalition Warfighter Interoperability Demonstration (CWID) in partnership with the AWACS Netcentricity Program at Hanscom Air Force Base. DIA and JFCOM are also sponsoring BlueSpace's C2 technology in Empire Challenge 2010, a 'live fly' technology demonstrator based at Fort Huachuca. BlueSpace has a close partnership with the SABER PMO (formerly called DTW) at AFRL, and is embedded as part of the accredited baseline of the SABER desktop program.

title: BlueSpace Federal


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Moote

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. Redwolf24 00:35, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

Moote
Clearly promotion for the band, no attempt to even make it look like an encyclopaedic entry Ebz 00:11, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete obvious band vanity Soltak 00:14, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per Soltak. --Lomedae 01:29, August 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. “Non-notable”, “unencyclopedic” and “vanity” are just some of the words that have been used to describe this article. -- BD2412 talk 01:30, August 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per above. Jaxl | talk 01:44, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete; van, nn Celcius 01:54, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Why would they write Scheduled for release on 6th June 2005... in an article created on June 9th? Flowerparty  talk 01:45, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, blatant band vanity and use of marketing talk. - Mgm|(talk) 07:32, August 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, for obvious reasons. HipHopOppotomus 09:06, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Erwin Walsh
 * Delete Vanity --Dysepsion 22:43, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Moote


text:
Ovonramwen

Oba Ovonramwen Nogbaisi, also called Overami, was the thirty-fifth Ọba of the Kingdom of Benin reigning from c. 1888 AD, up until the British punitive expedition.

Born circa 1857, he was the son of Ọba Adọlọ. He took the name Ovọnramwẹn Nọgbaisi at his enthronement in 1888. Every Ọba took a new name at his coronation, Ovọnramwẹn meaning "The Rising Sun" and Nọgbaisi meaning "which spreads over all".

At the end of the 19th century, the Kingdom of Benin had managed to retain its independence and the Ọba exercised a monopoly over trade which the British found irksome. The territory was coveted by an influential group of investors for its rich natural resources such as palm oil, rubber and ivory. However, slavery played a critical role in the rise of Benin, with Oba Ovonramwen Nogbaisi representing the pinnacle of the Kingdom's human exploitation.

The kingdom was largely independent of British control, and pressure continued from figures such as Vice-Consul James Robert Phillips and Captain Henry Gallwey (the British vice-Consul of Oil Rivers Protectorate) who were pushing for British annexation of the Benin Empire and the removal of the Ọba.

British expedition and overthrow

In November 1896, James Robert Phillips, deputy commissioner and consul for the Niger Coast Protectorate, decided to visit and meet with Ovonramwen in Benin City in regards to the trade agreement that the Oba had made with the British but was not keeping. He formally asked his superiors in London for permission to visit Benin City. In late December 1896, without waiting for a reply or approval, Phillips embarked on an expedition. A British delegation departed from the Oil Rivers Protectorate in January 1897 with the stated aim of negotiating with the Oba of Benin. Perceiving this to be an attempt to depose the Oba, the Oba's generals unilaterally ordered an attack on the delegation as it was approaching Benin City (which included eight unknowing British representatives and hundreds of African porters and labourers). Phillip's expedition was ambushed and all but two were killed.

Subsequently, a punitive expedition against the Kingdom of Benin in 1897 led by Sir Harry Rawson resulted in the razing of Benin City, the looting of the Benin Bronzes, and the destruction of the city's fortifications. Although the British had orders to execute the Ọba, Ovonramwen escaped, but returned to the city to formally surrender on 5 August 1897. When Ovọnramwẹn returned to the city, after six months spent in evading capture in the forest, he was richly dressed and laden with coral beads and accompanied by an entourage of seven hundred to eight hundred people. He attempted to escape exile by offering Consul General Ralph Moor 200 puncheons (barrels) of oil worth £1500 at that time and to disclose where his 500 ivory tusks were buried (of a value of more than £2M at that time). However, this offer was dismissed as Moor had already discovered them.

The expedition was described as a British invasion force headed by Phillips set out to overthrow the Ọba by Sven Lindqvist in his book Exterminate All the Brutes. According to Lindqvist, the force had weapons hidden in baggage, with troops disguised as bearers. Lindqvist states that Phillips's plan was to gain access to Ovonramwen's palace by announcing that he intended to negotiate. Lindqvist states that Ovonramwen's messengers issued several warnings not to violate Benin territorial sovereignty, claiming he was unable to see Phillips due to ceremonial duties and that despite being warned on several further occasions on the way, Phillips sent his stick to the Ọba, a deliberate insult designed to provoke the conflict that would provide an excuse for British annexation.

Exile

Ovonramwen was exiled to Calabar with two of his wives, Queen Egbe and Queen Aighobahi. He was received and hosted in Calabar in a small town called "Essien Town" by Etinyin Essien Etim Offiong, the progenitor of Essien Town. He died in Calabar around the turn of the new year in 1914. Ovọnramwẹn was eventually buried in the grounds of the royal palace in Benin City. He was succeeded by his first son and legitimate heir, Prince Aguobasimwin, who ruled as Eweka II.

title: Ovonramwen


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/1226Media

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. Redwolf24 00:35, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

1226Media
Non-notable website. Francs2000 | Talk 00:12, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. No alexa rank. Flowerparty  talk 00:43, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Advertising by User:1226media. Angela. 00:58, August 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete; nn, adv. Celcius 01:50, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. nn spam. -- BD2412 talk 01:28, August 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete; non-notable. Jaxl | talk 01:42, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per above. GregAsche 02:36, August 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete there are thousands of small media companies and no point in covering them all --Ebz 07:05, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Erwin Walsh
 * Delete per above -- BMIComp (talk, HOWS MY DRIVING) 23:18, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:John Blackman

Untitled
How do we work in he's always on the back nine?Kyle Andrew Brown 00:12, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

WOW, CAPS HURT EYES! Abbott75 11:23, 15 July 2006 (UTC)

Re Denis or Dennis Donoghue query - real name Denis Connell
Re query in View history at 23:33, 28 May 2013, about spelling of Denis Donoghue's name. His real name is Denis Connell and it is definitely Denis not Dennis. He is a Melbourne Barrister. References are below:-

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140201170015/http://www.mediamantrading.com.au/samples/ to http://www.mediamantrading.com.au/samples/
 * Added tag to http://womansday.ninemsn.com.au/celebrity/celebrityheadlines/996324/john-blackmans-miracle-survival
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Accusations of racism section
I feel the accusations of racism section could do with a bit of work but thought I'd better bring my concerns here first.

Firstly is the reference to the 2009 Jackson Jive Red Faces act relevant to Blackman's biography? Unlike the act, the judges (Harry Connick Jr., Jackie MacDonald and Red Symons), the host (Daryl Somers) and cartoonist (Andrew Fyfe), Blackman didn't really have any direct involvement with the Jackson 5 act and therefore didn't receive any direct criticism - so feel the Jackson 5 reference is misplaced in Blackman's article.

His feud with Kamahl and the accusations of racism and mocking of people of colour should certainly be included, but perhaps it should also be noted with relevant citations that other people and minorities weren't immune to being similarly mocked - overweight people, elderly people, LGBITIQ+ people etc.

(I also find the terms used within the section like "humiliations were numerous" and "egregious example" are also borderline POV.)

And finally, I also think pedestrian.tv should NEVER be used as a reliable source especially when there are a plethora of more credible sources which could be utilised to verify statements. pedestrian.tv not an objective or balanced website in any way shape or form and are notorious for pumping out Daily Mail-like clickbait sensationalistic tabloid garbage - so I think a better source should definitely be considered to support statements made in the section. 2001:8003:6C0A:B100:CCD5:2A68:CA27:D82E (talk) 04:15, 30 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:John Blackman


text:
User:Toidall

I forgot my password for the Toidal username so I created Toidall.

title: User:Toidall


text:
Talk:Antonia Novello

Closing sentece
The closing sentence of this article is misleading. Commisioned officers of the U.S. Public Health Service do wear military style uniforms. They are almost exactly the same as the uniforms that commisioned officers of the U.S. Navy wear, and PHS officers hold the same ranks as naval officers (e.g. Ensign, Lieutenant, Captain, Admiral, etc).

Legion of Honor
A sentece states: sheatebbvjhgion of Merit Medal by the United States Secretary of State Colin Powell, which is rarely presented to civilians.", but after been Surgeon General doesn't she retains her rank as Vice Admiral. Many years ago she went to my highschool in Puerto Rico and I remember her saying she still had her rank.  Can anyone shed any light into this? From what I read the medal can only be given to military personnel, so she was given the medal because she is part of the military. Cjrs 79 03:52, 29 May 2007 (UTC)

Felony Charges
I edited down the IG investigation section, and added information from today's arraignment in court. Mikelieman (talk) 00:56, 13 May 2009 (UTC)

First Afro-Hispanic Female Surgeon General
I am editing the page to change the information. Ms.Novello is the first black surgeon general, the first female, and the first hispanic.

According to various dictionaries and wikipedia Hispanic is not a race. Therefore Ms.Novello is not white, she is obviously mulatto[of mixed white/black ancestry] and in following the conventions set before us with President Obama, this makes her the first black female surgeon general. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.178.130.138 (talk) 21:32, 30 March 2010 (UTC)

Early life, Education, Career,
Expanded on Novello's Early life and Education- There was nothing about her childhood life. So I added more information about her childhood, education, and when she came over to the US

"Antonia Novello, born on August 23, 1944 in Farado, Puerto Rico, was the oldest of three children. Growing up, she was raised primarily by her mother, Ana Delia because her father died when she was eight years old. At birth, Novello was diagnosed with Congenital megacolon. This was a painful condition that required Novello to make frequent trips to the hospital. Although Novello was told at eight years old that she should have surgery to correct her problem, it would take another ten years before that would happen. Despite this Novello managed to excel in her study to become a doctor. Her experience with that disease, left such an impact on her that she vowed to become a doctor so that "no other person is going to wait 18 years for surgery.[6]

Education[edit source | edit] At an early age, Antonia's Mother, a school teacher and later high school principal, stressed the importance of an education. Novello excelled in her education and graduated from high school at the age of 15.[7] She attended the University of Puerto Rico in Rio Piedras where she received her Bachelor of Science degree in 1965. She went on to medical school in University of Puerto Rico in San Juan [7] where she received her Doctor of Medicine degree in 1970. That same year, she married Joseph R. Novello and they both moved to Ann Arbor, Michigan where she continued her medical studies. Novello began a pediatric internship at University of Michigan Medical School. She became the first woman to receive the "University of Michigan Pediatrics Department Intern of the Year" award.[2] In 1973, Novello and her husband moved to Washington D.C. to being her residency in pediatric nephrology at Georgetown University School of Medicine Hospital until 1976.[2]"

Added her career as a pediatric nephrologist

"Pediatric Nephrologist[edit source | edit] In 1976, Novello opened her own private practice in Springfield, Virginia where she worked as a pediatrician. However she soon realized that she was too emotionally involved with her patients so she left her practice. Novello stated in an interview "When the pediatrican cries as much as the parents do, then you know it's time to get out"."

Nguye398 (talk) 19:07, 4 April 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Antonia Novello


text:
San Vicente, Buenos Aires

San Vicente is a town and administrative centre of San Vicente Partido, in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. The southernmost town in the Greater Buenos Aires metropolitan area, San Vicente is 30 mi from downtown Buenos Aires, and can be accessed from Constitución Station by bus via Line 79 or a 20-minute drive by Provincial Route 58 from Ezeiza International Airport. The city has about 21,000 inhabitants per the.

History
Named in honor of the 14th century Dominican friar Saint Vincent Ferrer, the site was first settled as an Indian Reduction in 1618 by Spanish conquistadores and was initially known as Laguna de la Reducción. Luis Pessoa y Figueroa, a landowner from Magdalena and member of the Buenos Aires Cabildo, bought much of the land south of the San Vicente Lagoon (then known as Laguna del Ojo) in 1696, and his son, Juan Bautista Pessoa, established a small settlement in 1734. A fort, Fortín El Zajón, was built here by the Blandengues cavalry corps in 1750. Luis Pessoa's grandson, Friar Vicente Pessoa, established the area's first Catholic parish in 1781 and on 30 December 1784, the county of Magdalena was formally divided into among two other towns, San Vicente.

The village was made a county seat by the establishment of one of the province's first Justice of the Peace courts in 1822. Governor Juan José Viamonte founded the area's first large estancia, La Martiniana, in 1824, and the subsequent establishment of numerous English Argentine settlers made San Vicente the provincial capital of sheep farming by 1854, with over 558,000 head. Recurrent flooding from surrounding swampland led provincial authorities to propose relocating the town. Local residents rejected the proposal, however, and on 27 January 1856, the Municipality of San Vicente was formally established.

The town grew slowly but steadily, and in 1896 a tram service was inaugurated. This era of growth was interrupted by World War I and the coinciding collapse of the wool market; but the inaugural in 1928 of a Buenos Aires Great Southern Railway rail link to Buenos Aires brought renewed growth to San Vicente. The Ramón Carrillo Hospital, the town's first, was inaugurated in 1949. The local rail station was closed amid budget cuts in 1978. San Vicente is also slated to house the National Cattle Ranchers' Market, although the 2001 Buenos Aires municipal ordinance mandating its relocation from the Mataderos borough to San Vicente has been repeatedly postponed due to cattle vendor objections to the cost of relocation.

San Vicente became a bedroom community in later decades of the 20th century, and numerous well-known figures in Argentine sports, history, and culture have resided there. These included Emilie Schindler; writer Rodolfo Walsh; comics artist Dante Quinterno; former Argentina national football team captain Jorge Brown; psychiatrist and activist Dr. Alejandro Korn (after whom a neighboring town is named); and arguably the town's most famous residents, populist leaders Evita and Juan Perón, who purchased a weekend home in San Vicente in 1947. This is today the site of the 17 de Octubre Museum, to which Juan Perón's remains were relocated from La Chacarita Cemetery (Buenos Aires) on 17 October 2006. Other local attractions include the San Vicente Lagoon and campgrounds, the Parish of St. Vincent Ferrer, Mariano Moreno Square, and the San Vicente Cultural Museum.

title: San Vicente, Buenos Aires


text:
Owendo

Owendo is a port city in Gabon, forming a south western suburb of Libreville.

History
In 1978, the Trans-Gabon Railway was connected to the city.

In 2023, Fortescue Metals Group signed a deal to mine iron ore at Belinga using road and rail to reach the port of Owendo. Initially about 2m tonnes of ore would be carried.

Industry
Owendo has a cement works.

title: Owendo


text:
Atlantic Brass Quintet

The Atlantic Brass Quintet is an American brass quintet that has been in existence for over 30 years.

Founded in 1985 by John Manning, Joseph Foley, John Faieta, Tsuyoshi Taramotoi, and Bob Rasmussen, the quintet has won Grand prizes at the Coleman Chamber Music Competition, Carmel Chamber Music Society Competition, the Shoreline Alliance Chamber Music Competition, the Summit Brass First International Brass Ensemble Competition, and the Rafael Mendez International Brass Quintet Competition. The group was named "Young Artists of 1988" by Musical America. In May 1992, by unanimous decision, the Quintet won the "Premiere Prix" at the International Brass Competition of Narbonne, France.

The quintet has performed at Carnegie Hall, Weill Recital Hall, the Santa Fe Chamber Music Festival, the Fleet Boston Celebrity Series, Tanglewood, and the White House, and has been the resident brass quintet of Boston University, the Boston University Tanglewood Institute, and the Boston Conservatory.

The quintet hosts the Atlantic Brass Quintet Summer Seminar each year. Established in 1993, the Summer Seminar is a 2-week immersive brass quintet camp with 55 participants (ranging from high school through college, post-grad, pre-professional, and adults) and 10 faculty, including the members of the Atlantic and Triton brass quintets.

Members of the group have, and continue to compose and arrange music for brass quintet. Many of these compositions and arrangements are published by the Atlantic Brass Quintet and sold on the group's website.

The current members of the Atlantic Brass Quintet are Thomas Bergeron and Andrew Sorg, trumpets; Seth Orgel, French Horn; Timothy Albright, trombone; and John Manning, tuba.

The group's touring repertoire is known for its diverse stylistic influences, including baroque and classical/romanic transcriptions, jazz arrangements, and traditional Balkan brass music.

Discography
Atlantic Brass Quintet, University of Connecticut Wind Ensembles & Jeffrey H. Henshaw Atlantic Brass Quintet, Summit Records DCD 625
 * Quintet Matinee (2015)
 * Crossover (2014)

Atlantic Brass Quintet, Mark Custom Recordings 4247
 * Fanfares and Passages (2006)

Atlantic Brass Quintet, Summit Records DCD 396
 * 5 Chairs (2005)

Atlantic Brass Quintet and Other Artists, Musical Heritage Society 523153F
 * Trumpets Sound, Voices Ring: A Joyous Christmas

Atlantic Brass Quintet, Summit Records DCD 119
 * A Musical Voyage (1995)

Atlantic Brass Quintet, MusicMasters Classics 01612-67142-2
 * Picture This: Artistic Transcriptions for Brass (2005)

Atlantic Brass Quintet and Other Artists, Boston Brass Series BB1003
 * All American Trombone: Ronald Barron

Atlantic Brass Quintet and Other Artists, Crystal Records CD520
 * Mostly Railroad Music: Eldon Rathburn

Atlantic Brass Quintet, MusicMasters Classics 01612-67104-2
 * By George! Gershwin’s Greatest Hits (1993)

Atlantic Brass Quintet, Disques FY et du Solstice SOCD 97
 * Atlantic Brass Quintet en Concert

title: Atlantic Brass Quintet


text: User talk:Tom S 48

title: User talk:Tom S 48


text:
Kisstadion

Kisstadion (lit. 'Small Stadium') is an outdoor stadium in Budapest, Hungary, which is primarily used for ice hockey, but due to its field dimensions, it is usable for any other sports except association football.

History
The arena was opened in 1961 and was home of a number of national and international sport events, such as the 1963 European Figure Skating Championships, which was the last outdoor championship and 1964 Women's European Basketball Championship, and also hosted Davis Cup matches and other shows and concerts.

Next to the stadium stand the office buildings, which was once the home of the Hungarian Ice Hockey Federation, the Hungarian Bandy Federation and the Hungarian Field Hockey Federation.

In 1988 new floodlights were erected, thus making the arena available for TV coverage and there were also set up seven TV- and radio reporter rooms and journalist boxes.

One of the biggest shortcomings of the stadium is that it is not covered, therefore its season is limited from October to March and is also more exposed to weather effects. During the years, there have been many plans to solve this problem, but it failed again and again, mostly due to financial reasons. In addition, unlike other arenas, the Kisstadion has a particularly wide span (90 metres), which makes to find the statically appropriate solution more complicated and more expensive.

In 2009 the arena was planned to be demolished and replaced by a brand new ice rink, however, the Hungarian Ice Hockey Federation could not realize this goal. In November 2010, Attila Czene, head of Ministry of Resources have announced that a complete reconstruction is imminent and the stadium will get finally a roof. Eventually, with some delays and modifications an insulated tent and a mobile ice rink was set up to lengthen the ice-season and make it more resistant against harsh weather conditions. The construction started in the second half of September and was completed in one and a half month.

Selected events

 * 1962 World Weightlifting Championships
 * 1963 European Figure Skating Championships
 * 1964 Women's European Basketball Championship
 * Holiday on Ice show
 * Harlem Globetrotters show
 * Roger Waters
 * Iron Maiden concert
 * Sting concert
 * Joan Baez concert
 * Depeche Mode concert
 * Kraftwerk concert
 * Tankcsapda concert
 * Deep Purple concert
 * Kiss concert
 * Emerson, Lake and Palmer concert
 * Black Sabbath concert
 * Joe Cocker concert
 * Hungarian Ice Hockey Winter Classics
 * Omega concert September 5, 1980.
 * Red Hot Chili Peppers concert
 * The Cure concert 1989

title: Kisstadion


text:
User:Toidal

I'm a hard working man trying to make a difference in this god for saking world

title: User:Toidal


text: User talk:82.66.161.4

title: User talk:82.66.161.4


text: Oxbird

title: Oxbird