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Red Rock Canyon State Park (California)

Red Rock Canyon State Park is a state park in the U.S. state of California which features scenic desert cliffs, buttes and spectacular rock formations. The park consists of approximately 27000 acre within the Mojave Sector of the Tehachapi District of the California State Park System, and is located along State Highway 14 in Kern County, about 80 mi east of Bakersfield and 25 mi north of Mojave, where the southernmost tip of the Sierra Nevada converges with the El Paso Mountains.

Each tributary canyon is unique, with vivid colors due to alternate layers of white clay and red sandstone, further accented by pink volcanic rocks and brown lava formations. The canyon was formed 3 million years ago. After wet winters, the park's floral displays are notable. Three overlapping desert ecosystems provide for the wildlife that includes eagles, falcons, roadrunners, hawks, coyotes, kit foxes, bobcats, lizards, mice and squirrels. Red Rock Canyon provides magnificent views of the pristine desert landscape, includes two natural preserves, and offers, among other recreational activities, camping, sightseeing, equestrian activities, hiking, and opportunities for solitude.

Location
The park is located on State Route 14, which connects U.S. Route 395 with the communities of Southern California, where 14 is known as the Antelope Valley Freeway. The park is 25 mi northeast of Mojave on SR 14. SR 14 goes through the center of the park, in the canyon itself. No motorist/tourist facilities are available. It is not far from Cantil, California. Camping, picnic, and restroom facilities are available in several sites immediately off of California Route 14.

History
The area was once home to the Kawaiisu people. Some petroglyphs and pictographs are found in the El Paso Mountains and represent ritual sites from ancestors of the Coso people were early indigenous inhabitants of this locale. They created extensive carvings in rock within the El Paso and neighboring mountains of Red Rock Canyon. and conducted considerable trade with other tribes as far as the Chumash on the Pacific coast.

The colorful rock formations in the park served as landmarks during the early 1870s for 20-mule team freight wagons that stopped for water. The park protects significant paleontology sites and the remains of 1890s-era mining operations.

1933 and 1999
Between these two photographs, 66 years have elapsed. In the 1933 picture Red Rock Canyon was on U.S. Route 6, a well-traveled route from Bishop to Los Angeles along the east side of the Sierra Nevada. The scenery at this point in the road eventually led to the creation of Red Rock Canyon State Park in 1968. A dirt road crosses the center of the view.

In the 1999 photo, a total of 17 species are now present in the foreground. No Yuccas, Joshua trees or other plants have persisted over the 66 years between the dates of the photographs. In most of the repeat photography, few Yuccas appear to live longer than about 40 years. Many more plants appear in the 1999 view, partially in response to decreased disturbance as well as increased precipitation in the latter part of the 20th century. For example, the road that previously crossed the foreground is difficult to detect. The foreground of this view is geomorphically active, and small rills and gullies cross parts of the foreground. Young geomorphic surfaces, such as that portrayed in this 1999 view, support young plant assemblages that recover relatively quickly following cessation of disturbance.

Filming location
Providing several unique, dramatic areas, and close to Los Angeles, since the 1930s Hollywood has frequently filmed at Red Rock Canyon, including motion pictures, television series, advertisements, and music videos. Among the many westerns filmed there were The Big Country, Man of the West, and The Outlaw, and such diverse movies as Beneath the Planet of the Apes, Buck Rogers (serial), Capricorn One, The Mummy, Zorro Rides Again, Jurassic Park, I'll Be Home for Christmas, Missile to the Moon, The Car, Westworld, Savages, and TV series Airwolf, Galactica 1980, Lost in Space and The Twilight Zone. 40 Guns to Apache Pass, the last film of Audie Murphy, was shot there in 1966. The 2005 music video Cater 2 U by Destiny's Child was filmed at Red Rock Canyon. The 2006 video for British rock band Muse song "Knights of Cydonia" was shot in the park as well. The opening scene of The Darkness(2016) was also filmed here.

Astronomy
Red Rock Canyon is one of the darkest skies within a two hour driving distance of Los Angeles. The dry climate, frequently cloudless skies, and relatively low light pollution enhance nighttime viewing conditions. The park is a Bortle class 2-3 site, ranging from an "average dark sky" in northern regions to a sky typical of a rural area in southern regions. On a clear night with no moon, visitors with good eyesight and dark adapted vision may see both the Andromeda and Triangulum galaxies with the unaided eye, and the central Milky Way shows complex structure from this site. While the southern sky suffers from light pollution from nearby towns, dark sky conditions in the park are nonetheless exceptional relative to nearby urban areas.

Additional sources

 * Campbell Grant, James W. Baird and J. Kenneth Pringle. 1968. Rock drawings of the Coso Range, Inyo County, California: an ancient sheep-hunting cult pictured in desert rock carvings, second edition, Maturango Press, 145 pages
 * Alan P. Garfinkel. 2004. Dating "Classic" Coso Style Sheep Petroglyphs in the Coso Range and El Paso Mountains: Implications for Regional Prehistory, v.2/15/04
 * C. Michael Hogan. 2008. Morro Creek, ed. by A. Burnham
 * California Department of Parks & Recreation
 * Information from DesertUSA
 * USGS Repeat Photography for the Mojave Desert
 * Red Rock Canyon State Park (California)

title: Red Rock Canyon State Park (California)


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User:SuperJumbo

Planespotter nerd

I've always got my camera ready to grab a shot of a likely looking plane. Often seen at airports around the world, happily snapping away!

Contributions
Thus far my efforts have been modest, concentrated on aircraft and airport related subjects. I have developed (with a great deal of trial and error) a template for use in summarising aircraft crashes and incidents. It may be seen used here. Any suggestions for improving it would be appreciated. Or just do it yourself!

Portfolio
Some of these images are used in Wikipedia articles. Others are just parked here.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:SuperJumbo


text: Talk:Winfield, Indiana

title: Talk:Winfield, Indiana


text:
Talk:Bluespring Caverns

Redirect from Bluespring Caverns Park
I have redirected Bluespring Caverns Park to this article. The other article was written like an advertisement for the Park. Since the current article mentions Bluespring Caverns Park (and has a link to its webpage), there is no need for an article about the Park's rules and admission fees. Unless there is something distinctly notable about the Park such that it should have its own article, it'll redirect here. ... disco spinster   talk  23:59, 28 July 2006 (UTC)

Lack of citations
In spite of that the article is well assembled and has foot general references, a great part of the content lack citations and is not covered by the references at the foot. Tags were removed without really reviewing the article following the author's claim that he was harassed. I will handle this edition to other editors to avoid the ungrounded claims of harassment Vanished user 16:44, 31 August 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bluespring Caverns


text: Talk:Moorestown, Indiana

title: Talk:Moorestown, Indiana


text:
FCMM

FCMM may refer to:

 * Festival du nouveau cinéma (est. 1971; formerly, Festival international du nouveau cinéma et des nouveaux médias de Montréal; Montreal International Festival of New Cinema and New Media; FCMM), a film festival in Montreal, Quebec, Canada
 * Mossendjo Airport (IATA airport code: MSX; ICAO airport code: FCMM;), Mossendjo, Niari, Republic of Congo

title: FCMM


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Taku Iwasaki

Taku Iwasaki (岩崎 琢) is a Japanese composer and arranger. His hometown is Tokyo, Japan. He is a graduate of Tokyo National University of Fine Arts and Music.

Anime

 * The Irresponsible Captain Tylor (OVA series (theme songs composition, etc.); 1995, 1996)
 * Now and Then, Here and There (1999)
 * Rurouni Kenshin: Trust & Betrayal (1999)
 * R.O.D -Read or Die- (2001)
 * The SoulTaker (2001)
 * Sadamitsu the Destroyer (2001)
 * Rurouni Kenshin: Reflection (2001)
 * Go! Go! Itsutsugo Land (2001)
 * GetBackers (2002)
 * Yokohama Kaidashi Kikō (2002)
 * Witch Hunter Robin (2002)
 * R.O.D the TV (2003)
 * Yakitate!! Japan (2004)
 * Black Cat (2005)
 * Angel Heart (2005)
 * Binchō-tan (2006)
 * Ōban Star-Racers (2006)
 * Kekkaishi (2006)
 * 009-1 (2006)
 * Gurren Lagann (2007)
 * Persona: Trinity Soul (2008)
 * Soul Eater (2008)
 * Black Butler (2009)
 * Katanagatari (2010)
 * C (2011)
 * Heaven's Memo Pad (2011)
 * Ben-To (2011)
 * Jormungand (2012)
 * JoJo's Bizarre Adventure: Battle Tendency (2012)
 * Gatchaman Crowds (2013)
 * Noragami (2014)
 * The Irregular at Magic High School (2014)
 * Akame ga Kill! (2014)
 * Magic Kaito 1412 (2014)
 * Gatchaman Crowds insight (2015)
 * Noragami Aragoto (2015) with Kayo Konishi, Yukio Kondoo (MOKA☆) and ELECTROCUTICA
 * Bungo Stray Dogs (2016–23)
 * Qualidea Code (2016)
 * Ulysses: Jeanne d'Arc and the Alchemist Knight (2018)
 * Cop Craft (2019)
 * White Cat Project: Zero Chronicle (2020)
 * The Irregular at Magic High School: Visitor Arc (2020)
 * The Honor Student at Magic High School (2021)
 * The Irregular at Magic High School: Reminiscence Arc (2022)
 * Paradox Live the Animation (2023)

Films

 * Origin: Spirits of the Past (2006)
 * The Irregular at Magic High School: The Movie – The Girl Who Summons the Stars (2017)
 * Bungo Stray Dogs: Dead Apple (2018)
 * L.O.R.D: Legend of Ravaging Dynasties 2 (2020)
 * Shin Kamen Rider (2023)
 * Gekijōban Mononoke: Karakasa (2024)

Games

 * Mercury - The Prime Master (1991) with Hayato Matsuo, Seirou Okamoto and Tsushi Yamaji
 * Aerobiz (1992)
 * Aerobiz Supersonic (1993)
 * Taikō Risshiden 2 (1995)
 * Ai Cho Aniki (1995)
 * Soul Edge (1995)
 * Soul Edge Original Soundtrack - Khan Super Session (1996) (tracks 9, 13 and 15)
 * Uncharted Waters Online (2004)
 * Muv-Luv Alternative (2006)
 * Final Fantasy XV: Episode Ardyn (2019)

title: Taku Iwasaki


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Talk:Oolitic, Indiana

Untitled
Has anyone any idea where the lost image resides? Looking back thru' the history of the article, the image has never appeared. - Ballista 05:26, 22 April 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Oolitic, Indiana


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Mid-Valley

Mid valley or Midvalley may refer to:

Malaysia

 * Mid Valley City, a mixed development project in Kuala Lumpur
 * Mid Valley Komuter station, a commuter train station in Seputeh, Kuala Lumpur
 * Mid Valley Link, a major highway in Kuala Lumpur
 * Mid Valley Megamall, a mall in Kuala Lumpur

Other uses

 * Mid-Valley (Oregon), an area in the Willamette Valley, Oregon, U.S.
 * Mid Valley Airport, Weslaco, Texas
 * Mid Valley School District, a public school in Pennsylvania, U.S.

title: Mid-Valley


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Gao Jixing

Gao Jixing (858 – January 28, 929  ), né Gao Jichang (高季昌), known for some time as Zhu Jichang (朱季昌), courtesy name Yisun (貽孫), also known by his posthumous name as the Prince Wuxin of Chu (楚武信王), was the founding prince of Jingnan during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period of China.

Background
Gao Jichang was born in 858, during the reign of Emperor Xuānzong. He was from Shanshi (陝石, in modern Sanmenxia, Henan), and, in his youth, became a servant of a rich man at Bian Prefecture (汴州, in modern Kaifeng, Henan) — although the identity of his master received divergent reports in traditional sources. According to the History of the Five Dynasties, which the Zizhi Tongjian also adopted, he became a servant of Li Qilang (李七郎), who later became an adoptive son of Zhu Quanzhong the military governor (Jiedushi) of Xuanwu Circuit (宣武, headquartered at Bian Prefecture) and had his name changed to Zhu Yougong (朱友恭). According to the New History of the Five Dynasties, which the Spring and Autumn Annals of the Ten Kingdoms (十國春秋) also adopted, he became a servant of Li Rang (李讓), who later loaned money to Zhu and became an adoptive son of Zhu's, with his name changed to Zhu Yourang (朱友讓); the Spring and Autumn Annals of the Ten Kingdoms further indicated that also serving as Zhu Yourang's servants then were later prominent military/political figures Dong Zhang and Kong Xun. Under both accounts, when Gao managed to meet Zhu, Zhu was impressed by his talent, and had his master adopt him as a son — thus making him Zhu's adoptive grandson and having him take on the surname of Zhu.

Service under Zhu Quanzhong
In 902, Zhu Jichang was serving as an officer under Zhu Quanzhong, who was then sieging his rival Li Maozhen the military governor of Fengxiang Circuit (鳳翔, headquartered in modern Baoji, Shaanxi), at Fengxiang's capital Fengxiang Municipality. (Zhu Quanzhong had initiated the siege after the powerful eunuchs, led by Han Quanhui, an ally of Li Maozhen's, forcibly seized then-reigning Emperor Zhaozong and took him from the imperial capital Chang'an to Fengxiang after they became apprehensive that Emperor Zhaozong and the chancellor Cui Yin were about to slaughter the eunuchs. Cui, an ally of Zhu Quanzhong's, then summoned Zhu Quanzhong to attack Fengxiang.)  As of fall 902, Zhu Quanzhong had had Fengxiang under siege for about a year, but was unable to capture it, with his siege efforts hampered by rain and his soldiers becoming ill. He thus considered withdrawing to Huguo Circuit (護國, headquartered in modern Yuncheng, Shanxi), which he also possessed. Zhu Jichang and fellow officer Liu Zhijun, however, opposed, pointing out that Li Maozhen was in desperate straits. Zhu Quanzhong, however, was concerned about Li Maozhen's strategy of refusing to engage the Xuanwu troops and putting up a strong defense at Fengxiang. At Zhu Jichang's suggestion, Zhu Quanzhong decided to try trickery — and asked for a volunteer soldier to try to trick Li Maozhen into engaging the Xuanwu army. One Ma Jing (馬景) volunteered, and pretended to surrender to the Fengxiang army. Ma then informed Li Maozhen that Zhu Quanzhong had already left, leaving only about 10,000 ill soldiers to pretend to be still putting up a siege, and that even they would depart that night. He suggested that Li Maozhen attack the Xuanwu camp. Li Maozhen agreed and attacked — and his army immediately fell into a trap set by the Xuanwu army, suffering large losses. From this point on, Li Maozhen, while not surrendering immediately, began to negotiate with Zhu Quanzhong for peace, promising to give the emperor to him (which occurred eventually in spring 903). For Zhu Jichang's contributions to this victory, Zhu Quanzhong made him the military prefect (團練使, Tuanlianshi) of Song Prefecture (宋州, in modern Shangqiu, Henan). Zhu Jichang subsequently participated in the Xuanwu army's campaign against Wang Shifan the military governor of Pinglu Circuit (平盧, headquartered in modern Weifang, Shandong) and was made the defender (防禦使, Fangyushi) of Ying Prefecture (潁州, in modern Fuyang, Anhui). His surname was changed back to Gao.

In 905, Zhu Quanzhong had conquered Zhongyi (忠義, headquartered in modern Xiangyang, Hubei) and Jingnan (荊南, headquartered in modern Jingzhou, Hubei) Circuits, then ruled by brothers Zhao Kuangning and Zhao Kuangming, respectively. Zhu initially made his officer He Gui the acting military governor of Jingnan. However, later in the year, when Lei Yangong the military governor of Wuzhen Circuit (武貞, headquartered in modern Changde, Hunan) repeatedly made incursions into Jingnan territory and He Gui reacted by merely defending Jingnan's capital Jiangling Municipality without engaging Lei, Zhu believed He to be fearful. He sent Gao to replace He Gui, while sending the officer Ni Kefu (倪可福) to Jingnan as well to help defend against Lei. Lei then withdrew.

During Emperor Taizu's reign
In 907, Zhu Quanzhong had Emperor Zhaozong's son and successor Emperor Ai yield the throne to him, ending Tang and starting a new Later Liang as its Emperor Taizu. He commissioned Gao Jichang as the full military governor of Jingnan. By this point, Jingnan, which formerly consisted of eight prefectures (counting Jiangling Municipality as a prefecture), had suffered much through warfare, and most of its prefectures had been taken by warlords ruling other circuits. Even Jiangling itself had its walls and buildings in disrepair, and its population greatly reduced. When Gao arrived at Jiangling, he comforted the people and encouraged them to return, and it was said that the people's lives began to return to normal.

In fall 907, Lei Yangong, with aid from Ma Yin the Prince of Chu (even though that Ma was formally a Later Liang vassal), attacked Jiangling. Gao stationed troops at Gong'an (公安, in modern Jingzhou) to cut off Lei's food supply route, and then defeated him. He withdrew, as did Chu troops. Later, Lei attacked Cenyang (涔陽, also in modern Jingzhou) and Gong'an, but could not capture them.

After these attacks by Lei, Emperor Taizu resolved to destroy him, as he was then often pillaging the nearby circuits, and also was a vassal to one of Later Liang's rival states, Hongnong. Emperor Taizu therefore ordered that his titles be stripped, and ordered Gao and Ma to attack him. In winter 907, Gao sent Ni Kefu to rendezvous with the Chu general Qin Yanhui (秦彥暉) to attack Wuzhen's capital Lang Prefecture (朗州). Lei sought aid from Hongnong, and Yang Wo the Prince of Hongnong sent his generals Ling Ye (泠業) and Li Rao (李饒) to try to aid him. Ling and Li, however, were intercepted by the Chu general Xu Dexun, who captured them; Ma subsequently executed them. Subsequently, Yang, apparently again trying to save Lei, sent troops to attack Later Liang's Zhongyi and Jingnan Circuits, but both attacks were repelled, with Gao defeating the Hongnong general Li Hou (李厚). By summer 908, Lang Prefecture fell to Qin, and Lei fled to Hongnong. Wuzhen was absorbed into Chu territory. Apparently in response, Gao stationed troops at Hankou to cut off the tributary route between Chu and Later Liang's capital Luoyang. Ma subsequently sent Xu to attack the Jingnan troops stationed there, but before Xu could arrive, Gao sued for peace. Later that year, Emperor Taizu bestowed the honorary chancellor designation of Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi on Gao.

Also in 908, one Liang Zhen, who had passed the imperial examinations in the Jinshi (進士) class in the late Tang years, was returning from Luoyang to his home region, then ruled by Former Shu. When he went through Jiangling, Gao met him and was impressed by him, and so wanted to keep him at Jingnan to be secretary. Because of Gao's low birth, Liang considered it a humiliation to serve on Gao's staff, but did not dare to leave without Gao's permission, as he feared that Gao would kill him if he did. He therefore stated to Gao:

"I, Liang Zhen, had never wanted glory and honor. If you, Lord, do not consider me foolish and want me to participate in providing suggestions, I can serve you while wearing white [(i.e., in civilian clothes)]. I need not serve you on your staff."

Gao agreed. For the rest of Liang's life, he referred himself as "former Jinshi" and did not accept title positions offered to him by Gao (and later, by Gao's son Gao Conghui). Gao valued Liang's advice greatly and effectively made Liang his chief strategist.

In 909, the soldiers at Zhongyi mutinied and killed the acting military governor Wang Ban (王班), supporting one of their own, Li Hong (李洪), to be acting military governor. Li Hong submitted to and sought aid from Former Shu. He also subsequently attacked Jingnan, but Gao sent Ni to repel him. Emperor Taizu subsequently sent the officer Chen Hui (陳暉) to rendezvous with Jingnan troops to attack Li Hong. They soon captured Zhongyi's capital Xiang Prefecture (襄州), taking Li Hong captive and sending him to Luoyang to be executed.

In 910, Ma sent an army to attack Jingnan, but Gao defeated it and repelled it.

By 912, it was said that Gao was beginning to contemplate making Jingnan his own personal possession, and therefore, after receiving approval to do so, added a second layer to Jiangling's city walls to add to its defensive capabilities.

After Emperor Taizu's reign
In summer 912, Emperor Taizu was assassinated by his son Zhu Yougui the Prince of Ying, who, after blaming the assassination on his adoptive brother Zhu Youwen the Prince of Kang and killing Zhu Youwen, took the throne.

In late 912, Chen Zhang (陳璋), a general of Wu — i.e., formerly Hongnong but now known as Wu — attacked Chu's Yue Prefecture (岳州, in modern Yueyang, Hunan) and captured it. Chen then attacked Jingnan, but could not capture it and so withdrew. Jingnan and Chu troops then converged at the mouth of where Han River flowed into the Yangtze River, trying to intercept him, but he went past them during the night and escaped their attempt to stop him.

Around the same time, Gao Jixing, announcing that he was joining the campaign of Later Liang forces then fighting against Later Liang's archenemy Jin to the north, took his army and advanced north, but instead was attacking Xiang Prefecture (襄州), the capital of Zhongyi — which by this time had reverted to its older name of Shannan East Circuit. Kong Qing (孔勍) the military governor of Shannan East repelled him. It was said that after this battle, Gao stopped submitting tributes to the Later Liang imperial government.

In 913, Zhu Yougui's younger brother Zhu Youzhen the Prince of Jun overthrew Zhu Yougui and took the throne himself (and then changed his name to Zhu Zhen). He tried to placate Gao by creating Gao the Prince of Bohai. However, Gao still began to build a fleet that eventually grew to 500 ships, and further enhanced his defenses and the soldiers' armors and weapons. Further, he began to enter into diplomatic communications with Former Shu and Wu, with the Later Liang imperial government unable to stop him.

In 914, Gao launched his fleet and headed west on the Yangtze, trying to capture four prefectures that were previously part of Jingnan but which had become Former Shu territory — Kui (夔州), Wan (萬州), Zhong (忠州), and Fu (涪州, all in modern Chongqing). However, when he attacked Kui first, he was defeated by the Former Shu prefect of Kui, Wang Chengxian (王成先), and withdrew with heavy losses. In light of Gao's attack, there was suggestions made to the Former Shu emperor Wang Jian that Former Shu destroy a dam on the Three Gorges to let the water destroy Jiangling, but Wang, listening to the advice of his official Mao Wenxi that doing so would kill innocent civilians, did not do so.

In 917, Gao and Kong repaired their relationship, and he resumed submitting tributes to the Later Liang imperial government.

In 919, a Chu army attacked Jingnan. Gao sought aid from Wu. Wu sent the general Liu Xin (劉信) to head toward the Chu capital Tan Prefecture (in modern Changsha, Hunan) while the general Li Jian (李簡) attacked Fu Prefecture (復州, in modern Tianmen, Hubei). With Liu heading toward Tan Prefecture, the Chu army attacking Jingnan withdrew, but Li Jian still was able to capture Fu Prefecture.

In 921, Gao ordered Ni, whose son Ni Zhijin (倪知進) had married a daughter of Gao's by this point, to oversee a project to repair Jiangling's outer walls. When Gao himself went to review the project, he blamed Ni Kefu for the project's slow pace and publicly caned him. However, he stated to his daughter, "Go back to your home and tell your father-in-law: all I wanted to do was to display my authority in front of the people." He also secretly gave her a large amount of platinum for her to give to Ni Kefu.

During Emperor Zhuangzong's reign
In 923, Li Cunxu the Prince of Jin declared himself emperor of a new Later Tang (as Emperor Zhuangzong). Shortly after, he made a surprise attack on the Later Liang capital Daliang, catching the city defenseless. Zhu Zhen committed suicide, ending Later Liang. The Later Liang-commissioned military governors, including Gao Jichang subsequently all submitted petitions to him pledging loyalty. Gao further changed his name to Gao Jixing to observe naming taboo (as Emperor Zhuangzong's grandfather was Li Guochang). To show his faithfulness to the new Later Tang emperor, he further wanted to go to Daliang to pay homage to the new emperor. Liang Zhen tried to stop him, stating:

"Tang is showing its ambition to swallow up all territory under heaven. Even if you set up strong defenses, you should still be fearful of being unable to stop it. Instead, you are throwing yourself at it, going thousands of li to pay homage!  Further, you, Lord, are an old officer of the Zhus.  How do you know that you would not be treated as an enemy?"

When Gao arrived at Daliang, Emperor Zhuangzong bestowed the greater honorary chancellor title of acting Zhongshu Ling (中書令) on him. On one occasion, the emperor asked him, "We would like to attack Wu and Shu. Which one should be first?" Gao, not actually wanting Emperor Zhuangzong to succeed and believing that Former Shu would be more difficult to conquer due to the geographical barriers, responded, "Wu has infertile lands and poor people; conquering it would do no good. Shu should be attacked first.  Its lands are rich; its ruler [(Wang Jian's son and successor Wang Zongyan) is frivolous; and its people are discontented.  You will surely be able to conquer it if you attack it.  After conquering it, go down the river [(i.e., the Yangtze)], and it would be easy to conquer Wu." Emperor Zhuangzong was pleased with his suggestion.

Shortly after, Emperor Zhuangzong set his capital at Luoyang, and Gao followed him there. Gao soon became disenchanted that Emperor Zhuangzong's favorite performers and eunuchs were demanding gifts from him, and wanted to return to Jingnan. Emperor Zhuangzong, however, was considering detaining Gao at Luoyang. The emperor's chief of staff Guo Chongtao urged against it, pointing out that the other military governors, at most, had only sent sons, brothers, or staff members to pay homage, and that only Gao had come himself; Guo believed that detaining Gao would send the wrong message. Emperor Zhuangzong therefore allowed him to leave. When Gao reached Xu Prefecture (許州, in modern Xuchang, Henan), he commented, "This trip contained two mistake: The first mistake was that I came; the second mistake was that he let me leave." When he went through Xiang Prefecture, Kong Qing held a feast for him, but at night, Gao cut open the lock on the city gate and escaped. When he reached Jiangling, he held Liang Zhen's hands and said, "I did not accept your suggestion, and I was almost caught in a tiger's mouth." He further spoke with his staff members and criticized Emperor Zhuangzong:

"The new dynasty fought 100 battles to win the territory south of the Yellow River, but he raised his hands to his contributors and stated, "I gained the empire through my 10 fingers." When he is this arrogant, he is denying the contributions of all others. The morale will fail.  Further, he is frivolously spending time on hunting and women.  He will not last long, and we should not worry."

Gao then further built up the city's defenses and food storage, and he welcomed old Later Liang soldiers into his army, preparing for an eventual defensive war.

In 924, Emperor Zhuangzong bestowed the even greater honorary chancellor title of Shangshu Ling (尚書令) on Gao and created him the Prince of Nanping.

In fall 925, Emperor Zhuangzong launched a major attack on Former Shu, intending to destroy it. He made his son Li Jiji the Prince of Wei the titular commander of the operations, with Guo as Li Jiji's deputy and the one in actual charge of the military operations. As part of the division of responsibilities among Later Tang vassals, Emperor Zhuangzong gave Gao the title of commander of southeastern operations and ordered him to attack and take Kui, Zhong, and Wan Prefectures to add to his own territory. Gao left his son Gao Conghui in charge of Jiangling and headed west on the Yangtze. He thereafter was hampered by a large iron chain that the Former Shu general Zhang Wu (張武) set up to defend the Three Gorges. He tried to send soldiers to destroy the chain, but Zhang attacked and defeated him, forcing him to retreat back to Jiangling. However, soon thereafter, Zhang heard news that Li Jiji and Guo had crushed the main Former Shu resistance force, and so send messengers to submit to Li Jiji. When, soon thereafter, Gao heard news that Wang Yan surrendered to Li Jiji, he, who was eating at that time, dropped his chopsticks, stating, "This is the fault of this old man." Liang Zhen instead stated, "You need not worry. The ruler of Tang, after receiving Shu lands, would surely become even more arrogant and soon be destroyed.  How do you know that this would not be to our benefit?"

Subsequently, after Emperor Zhuangzong, believing in false rumors of their planning to rebel against him, had Guo and another major general, Zhu Youqian, killed, many rebellions started against him. By summer 926, even the army at Luoyang mutinied, and he was killed in the mutiny. When Gao received this news, he became even more respectful of Liang.

During Emperor Mingzong's reign
In the aftermaths of Emperor Zhuangzong's death, Emperor Zhuangzong's adoptive brother Li Siyuan claimed imperial title (as Emperor Mingzong). Meanwhile, Gao Jixing prepared his fleet and wanted to attack Chu. His official Sun Guangxian, whom Liang Zhen had recommended to him to be his scribe, pointed out that Jingnan had barely recovered from the wars, and if it were engaged in a war with Chu, other states might take advantage and attack Jingnan. Gao agreed and stopped his plans to attack Chu. Meanwhile, he requested that Jingnan be given control of Kui, Zhong, and Wan Prefectures; Emperor Mingzong agreed.

However, soon thereafter Gao began a series of actions that provoked Emperor Mingzong's administration. He had requested, after Emperor Mingzong gave him Kui, Zhong, and Wan Prefectures, that the imperial government not commission prefects for those prefectures, but allow him to commission his own family members; Emperor Mingzong refused. Soon thereafter, when Pan Kang (a former Former Shu official) left his post as prefect of Kui, Gao sent an army to Kui, killed the soldiers already stationed there, and took direct control, and when Emperor Mingzong subsequently commissioned the officer Xifang Ye (西方鄴) to be the prefect, Gao refused to allow Xifang to take office. He also launched a surprise attack on Fu Prefecture, but was unable to capture it. Further, when Han Gong (韓珙), an officer that Li Jiji (who committed suicide after his own soldiers refused to follow his orders after Emperor Zhuangzong's death) had sent to escort Former Shu treasures down the Yangtze to Luoyang, went through the Three Gorges, Gao sent an army to surprise and kill Han, and he took over the treasures. When Emperor Mingzong sent an emissary to question Gao about what happened to Han, Gao responded: "Han Gong and the others took ships down the Gorges and had to go thousands of li. If you want to know why their ships overturned and they drowned, you should question the river god." In anger, Emperor Mingzong stripped Gao of his titles and commissioned Liu Xun (劉訓) the military governor of Shannan East to attack Gao from the north, with Xia Luqi (夏魯奇) the military governor of Zhongwu Circuit (忠武, headquartered in modern Xuchang) as Liu's deputy; Dong Zhang the military governor of Dongchuan Circuit (東川, headquartered in modern Mianyang, Sichuan) to attack him from the west, with Xifang as Dong's deputy; and Ma Yin to attack from the south.

Liu quickly put Jiangling under siege, but as Jiangling was humid, and it happened to be rainy season, the siege was hampered, with many of Liu's soldiers and Liu himself becoming ill. Emperor Mingzong sent Kong Xun, who had become his chief of staff, to Jiangling to oversee the siege. Kong, who was also unable to capture Jiangling, sent emissaries into the city to try to persuade Gao to submit. Gao not only refused to do so, but was rude to Kong's emissaries. Meanwhile, despite Emperor Mingzong's sending much gifts to Ma, Ma found excuses not to attack Jiangling. With the siege unsuccessful, Emperor Mingzong ordered Liu to withdraw. However, Xifang was able to defeat Jingnan forces stationed at Kui, Zhong, and Wan, and recapture those three prefectures for the Later Tang imperial government. Emperor Mingzong created a Ningjiang Circuit (寧江), with its headquarters at Kui, and made Xifang its military governor. Despite Xifang's victory, Emperor Mingzong blamed the approval of Gao's petition to take the three prefectures on the former chancellors Doulu Ge and Wei Yue, and ordered them to commit suicide. Around the same time, Gao intercepted and captured Ma's tributary emissary to Emperor Mingzong, Shi Guangxian (史光憲), as well as the awards that Emperor Mingzong was sending Ma via Shi. He thereafter submitted a petition requesting to be a Wu vassal. However, the Wu regent Xu Wen believed that it would be ill-advised for Wu to accept Gao as a vassal, pointing out that Jiangling was much closer to the Later Tang capital Luoyang than to Wu's capital Guangling (廣陵, in modern Yangzhou, Jiangsu) and therefore it would be difficult Wu to aid Jingnan if Later Tang attacked again; he therefore accepted Gao's tributes but refused to accept him as a vassal.

In spring 928, Xifang captured Jingnan's Gui Prefecture (歸州, in modern Yichang, Hubei), but soon Jingnan forces recaptured it.

Also in spring 928, Ma sent Yuan Quan (袁詮), Wang Huan (王環), and his son Ma Xizhan (馬希瞻) to attack Jingnan. Gao himself engaged the Chu forces, but Ma Xizhan was able to lay a trap for him at Liulang Ford (劉郎袱, in modern Jingzhou) and defeat him. The Chu forces then approached Jiangling. In fear, Gao sued for peace and returned Shi to Chu. (When Ma Yin subsequently questioned Wang why the Chu army did not go ahead and try to capture Jiangling, Wang pointed out that Jingnan served as a buffer zone between Chu and Later Tang, Wu, and the Shu region. Ma understood Wang's point and did not question him further.)

In summer 928, the Wu generals Miao Lin (苗璘) and Wang Yanzhang (王彥章) were attacking Chu's Yue Prefecture, and they were set to rendezvous with Jingnan forces. Xu Dexun defeated and captured them, however, and it is not clear whether Jingnan forces actually participated in the battle.

Soon thereafter, Gao again requested to be a Wu vassal. With Xu Wen's having died and his adoptive son Xu Zhigao now regent, Wu agreed to accept Gao as a vassal and created him the Prince of Qin. Emperor Mingzong thereafter ordered Ma Yin to attack Gao. Ma sent Xu and his son Ma Xifan to advance to Shatou (沙頭, in modern Jingzhou). When the armies engaged, Gao's nephew Gao Congsi (高從嗣) challenged Ma Xifan to a one-on-one combat, but the Chu officer Liao Kuangqi (廖匡齊) instead took the challenge and killed Gao Congsi in the one-on-one combat. Gao Jixing then sued for peace, and Ma Yin agreed, recalling Xu and Ma Xifan.

In fall 928, Emperor Mingzong commissioned the general Fang Zhiwen (房知溫) to attack Jingnan, and he summoned the troops from many circuits to converge at Xiang Prefecture to prepare to attack Jiangling. However, before the Later Tang forces could converge and attack, Gao himself died around the new year 929. The Wu emperor Yang Pu commissioned Gao Conghui as the new military governor of Jingnan. Subsequently, Gao Conghui, who had not been supportive of Gao Jixing's resistance against Later Tang, submitted a petition to Later Tang's Emperor Mingzong, asking to again be a vassal of Later Tang. In spring 929, Emperor Mingzong agreed and ended the campaign against Jingnan. Emperor Mingzong subsequently posthumously created Gao Jixing the Prince of Chu.

Personal information

 * Wife?/Concubine?
 * Lady Zhang, mother of Gao Conghui
 * Children
 * Gao Conghui (高從誨), later Prince Wenxian
 * Gao Congxu (高從诩)
 * Gao Congshen (高從詵)
 * Gao Congrang (高從讓)
 * Gao Congqian (高從謙)
 * Four other sons
 * Daughter, wife of Ni Zhijin (倪知進), son of the general Ni Kefu (倪可福)
 * Five other daughters

Notes and references

 * History of the Five Dynasties, vol. 133.
 * New History of the Five Dynasties, vol. 69.
 * Spring and Autumn Annals of the Ten Kingdoms, vol. 100.
 * Zizhi Tongjian, vols. 263, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276.
 * Zizhi Tongjian, vols. 263, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276.

title: Gao Jixing


text:
User talk:Compudoctor

I am pleased to speak to you about a special disease, a special disease that does not happen to very many people. Sickness is merely a mirror that shows us where we are in our relationship to the Light, how close or how far we are from it. In fact, it is my belief that it is not a bad thing to have an illness. It helps us to flush out the toxins in your body. In fact, sickness is part of a healing transformation. It heals our bodies. Now let us get back to the content of this special disease. The particular disease I am talking about is not one that every person will have, or know about. It is known as NEUROFIBRAMATOSIS or, in short NF. What is NF and what causes it? It is a damaged gene, which is located at Chromosome 17 at the nerve ending. NF is a rare inherited disease that causes multiple non-cancerous tumors on nerve in the skin. A genetic disorder, which causes tumors to form along nerve sheaths. The abnormal gene for NF can be inherited from one parent who has the disorder or can result from a new mutation (change) in the normal gene. The parent may be affected or have such a mild form that he/she may be unaware of having the disorder. Thus, NF can occur in a person who has no family history of the condition. Having a family history of NF does not put a person at risk of having NF. Inheritance of the abnormal gene in each form of NF is autonomic dominant, so that any child of a parent with NF has a 50-50 chance of inheriting the NF gene and showing at least some signs of NF eventually. I was diagnosed at a very young age. I am 48 years old now. They started appearing just after I was born. How does NF affect me in my daily activities? It helps me to follow my heart, listen to my inner voice, and have a deeper faith. I believe God has a plan for those of us who have this condition.

I know that our fate was written before we were born. We selected our journey. How we walk our lives and the direction we take will play out as we move along our path. We always have choices during our lives but our souls agree before we are born to follow certain guidelines in order for us to grow and develop spiritually. This is our chosen destiny.

I was born with a genetic disease known as NEUROFIBRAMATOSIS. With this disease, my life has been full of painful experiences. I did not perceive light at all. I saw darkness. I was discriminated against by people in a variety of ways. It was a very hard time. It was like walking into a dark tunnel; I didn’t know which way to go. I lost my direction and I lost my senses. However, at the end of the tunnel there has always been a silver lining. Happily, this helped me to continue. I was able to regain my senses and found my way out. There is an old saying that a rainbow appears after a storm.

However, everything has happened for a reason. It happened after I had the lesions removed in my face. I started to accept myself. Prior to that, when people were talking to me about God I simply resented it. I felt angry. Because in my mind I rejected God. I would say to them that there is no God. I didn’t believe in God. I did not want to hear about it. Period. If there is a genuine God, why did He let things happen to me the way they did? I was born with a genetic disease, with no family history and no one in the family manifesting it. I have experienced a lot of rejection from others over the years. So where is there a God, if there is one? Where is He? Is He blind? Can He not see how much pain I have had over the years? All these questions have come up from time to time. All I have had was painful experiences during my 47 years living on earth.

Not long ago, things started to improve and get better. I started to see a bigger picture! I perceived life differently! I started to see the wisdom of the Almighty God. I believe we change because we don’t stay in one situation all the time. Things are changing or evolving and set into motion. Every movement, every change we make will process new life for us. At the end, we all see the clear picture of our soul’s journey. In other words, we see enlightenment. My life has changed after my face surgery. I perceive life at a different angle. I start to appreciate what I have and appreciate God. I feel bliss and joy. I feel strongly that GOD does exist and he is watching over me. He cares and loves me. He knows what I lack and my soul’s desires. He shows me he cares. I have changed over time to believe from disbelief. He has led me to find my life’s proposed. He spoke to me in a quiet voice. In the voice, he told me to give a speech about my illness. I did speak about it. It made me feel wonderful. God has said, “Give to others and so too shall you receive”. All these years of emotional resentment have now disappeared. I accept that what I am… I am. I have also accepted something else, which is normally unacceptable. I am not fighting myself any longer. I can stand in front of the mirror and face myself. I am not fighting it. I feel stronger and stronger every day. I feel that God dwells in me. God is around me…beside me…below me and above me. Now I feel joy. I feel God’s peace. My inner state is at peace. I choose all my experiences to be joyous and loving. I have recreated my own reality with the help of the Almighty Father. In closing, I believe that everything happens for a reason. I accept who I am and what I am. I believe that I cannot improve on what God has created. Please remember that we are all created by God for a higher purpose. What we choose to learn in this lifetime is very important for our soul’s progression. How we learn these lessons vary from person to person. You see the visible path that I agreed to take but other souls have very specific paths of their own. Bless each day for what we are given in lessons to improve our soul’s journey. I now feel thankful to God that I am in the mood of deep gratefulness. I hope that you will understand my message. Thank you very much for listening. Live well and God bless.

title: User talk:Compudoctor


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/IP Multicast Media Impact

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Bratsche talk 5 pillars 02:03, August 29, 2005 (UTC)

IP Multicast Media Impact
Bizarre, non-encyclopedic rant. Kurt Shaped Box 00:27, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Copyvio? Secretlondon 01:19, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete - I'm a fan of IP multicast tech, but this article is way too POV. Also noticed that IP Multicast is in copyvio.  PlainSight 02:05, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. I have suggested wiki for netusergroups to intial editor. Alf 02:20, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * '''Delete*; vio | Celcius 02:37, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Speculation or original research. Nothing useful here. Possible copyvio too.  Dmeranda 03:35, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - non-encyclopedic --Camw 05:52, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, Wikipedia ≠ a soapbox. the wub  "?/!"  07:58, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, in agreement with Dmeranda. This stinks of a cut-n-paste job. --Agamemnon2 09:22, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete-This isn't utter nonsense, but it's not an encyclopedia entry either. "ka-ching!" --Tysto 14:01, 2005 August 23 (UTC)
 * Delete this IP POV. --Several Times 14:31, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:Free Culture (book)

Title change
It's interesting that when it was released in paperback, its subtitle was changed to "The Nature and Future of Creativity"; I wonder what caused the title to become less inflammatory... Julyo 00:28, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

Creativity and innovation existed long before copyright and patent laws. Creativity and innovation does not require copyright and patent laws. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 200.150.25.154 (talk) 14:38, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

Shouldn't the book cover's copyright tag be changed? It says it's creative-commons licensed. I'd do it, but will wait for confirmation. If no objections appear in a few days, I'll be bold and change it.--Planetary 05:05, 1 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Never mind. It's one of the unsuitable licenses. Leaving it as it is.--Planetary 00:30, 6 March 2007 (UTC)

Wikisourcing the thing
Are we allowed to put this book up on Wikisource? I'm assuming, yes, we definitely are. But I'm going to ask anyway, aren't I. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 77.100.11.130 (talk) 23:18, 15 July 2007 (UTC)

 * The book was released under a Creative Commons license, which suggests that you could do this legally. However, it is freely downloadable from other web sites, so I do not see a need. DavidMCEddy (talk) 04:35, 2 March 2012 (UTC)

Untitled
The links at the bottom of the page are broken. The address www.free-culture.cc no longer exists. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.79.121.195 (talk) 10:08, 11 August 2011 (UTC)

Wikipedia Ambassador Program assignment
This article was the subject of an educational assignment at CUNY Graduate Center supported by the Wikipedia Ambassador Program during the 2012 Q1 term. Further details are available on the course page.

Above message substituted from on 15:19, 7 January 2023 (UTC)

CUNY ITP Core 2 Planning

 * Hey Group 1. I am trying different ways of reaching you so that we can get our ball rolling. Is this a place where we can map our quest? Chisholmredproject (talk) 00:57, 16 February 2012 (UTC) 15:50, 11 February 2012 (UTC)

 * Hi Janice - Yes, let's start the discussion here. Chrissy9876 (talk) 19:30, 11 February 2012 (UTC)

 * Hi rest of Group 1. I'm game. One question though--should we start our own subheading on the page for this? Anyone know how to do this. I was surprised how much is already there. I guess one of the first orders of business is to compare this "start" to a "full" article to see what's missing and sketch out our plan.--216.66.104.3 --Meilingaddress (talk) 22:51, 11 February 2012 (UTC) 22:49, 11 February 2012 (UTC)
 * I just started a subheading for you. This is the place to be having this convo. Well done. Be sure to sign up here on the course page Onward!--Theredproject (talk) 23:55, 11 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Hi Meiling. Sorry but I am not following you: Where have you started a heading for us?? Please specify where it is that you have tis heading, and that we should be usuingt o discuss? Also, I signed my name, last week, but noticed that no one else has signed their name to Michael's listing of the participants of Group 1...?  comment added by Chisholmredproject (talk • contribs) 13:22, 13 February 2012 (UTC) Chisholmredproject (talk)
 * Janice: the last comment was from Michael. He created the new subheading that we are now in--you might notice, it now says our class name. Before that we were writing under someone else's topic (above this--but he moved it here). I just signed up. You could write on our co-team's talk pages to remind them sign up if you like.--Meilingaddress (talk) 15:37, 13 February 2012 (UTC)

Good to see you are all in one place, so now you can begin deliberations. May I suggest that the first thing you do is reread the material the class wrote on your subject (Free Culture) last semester. I would recommend that someone post the links to those blog posts here. It would then be helpful to outline what was written in these posts *very roughly*. Two to four sentences per post. There will likely be more than 1 post. Other next steps: identify section headings, if they are not already in the article. And then identify what content should go in which sections. You may also need to ask if there are any sections in the book that were not read in the assigned reading, and/or written about in these blog posts, that is essential for the article.--Theredproject (talk) 19:10, 13 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Also, it looks like there is someone else named DavidMCEddy who made a spate of contribs to this page in the last day, so one of you might reach out to him to coordinate your efforts.--Theredproject (talk) 19:25, 13 February 2012 (UTC)

Hi All, I reached out to DavidMCEddy and told said what we were doing for our project. Since I wasn't in the first class and have only looked at Free Culture on my own maybe one of you could post the material from last semester here so that I, and maybe others, could take a look. Chrissy9876 (talk) 20:37, 13 February 2012 (UTC)

 * I'm DavidMCEddy. As you have noted, I've started adding brief summaries of each chapter -- which you are all free to revise, expand, contract, etc., per the rules of Wikipedia.  I hope this doesn't somehow interfere with your class project, but I think the content of this book is vital to the current debate over the Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement;  I believe its opponents are concerned that its primary function will be to give people with money and power a legal pretext for prior censorship.  This is an important book, and I'm glad you are working to improve this article.  DavidMCEddy (talk) 21:52, 13 February 2012 (UTC)

 * Hi DavidMCEddy and classmates. I am going to try a link to a single long blog post here to see if it works. I thought the blog was not public but I guess we will find out. http://core1fall2011.commons.gc.cuny.edu/2011/11/30/%E2%80%9Cfree-culture%E2%80%9D-by-lawrence-lessig-chapter-5-%E2%80%9Cpiracy%E2%80%9D/. --Meilingaddress (talk) 02:15, 14 February 2012 (UTC)

 * Thanks, Meiling. It works! Or at least it does for me (which may be because I was a part of that course??) Chrissy and David would be better testers. At any rate, how about if we follow Michael's outline? I am happy to take a stab at 2-4 sentences per post, the next step in Michael's outline. Maybe the rest of us can each take on one of the other outlined tasks? Michael- Would a positive response by the group to your recommended outline with names affixed to each role suffice to fulfill the first party of the assignment? Can each of us please note our agreement or dissent plus recommended path by midnight so that we can respond to the first requirement for this assignment? Signing off for now. Chisholmredproject (talk) 00:56, 16 February 2012 (UTC) 23:40, 15 February 2012 (UTC)

 * It doesn't work, actually, it's a private blog. I've requested access, and even if I get it we won't be able to grant access to users who aren't affiliated with our school.  We can work around that I'm sure, but one of you will have to share the content of the posts.  I guess the only other tasks are sections.  Since I'm not sure what is in the posts (not sure how they are organized - chapters?) it might be useful for me to have more information before I commit to a task.  Chrissy9876 (talk) 00:14, 16 February 2012 (UTC)

 * Hi Chrissy. The posts are actually defined by the chapters of the book: Students were assigned (or self-assigned; I do not now remember) various chapters of the book to read and write motivations. As promised, I will do my best to summarize the motivations that were previously posted. Here goes... Chisholmredproject (talk) 00:56, 16 February 2012 (UTC) 00:23, 16 February 2012
 * Thanks Janice, It seems like DavidMCEddy has already got the section headings up by chapter. Maybe we can all contribute to what's there already. Chrissy9876 (talk) 00:32, 16 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Yep! You have my vote on that one! I started to pull down the previous blogs (see below). If we think that we can forgo that exercise and add to what David already has contributed (thanks David!), then let's take alook and figure out who is on what?? We'll need to map and let Michael know our scheme. Do folks want to go ahead and select chapters, then? Chisholmredproject (talk) 00:56, 16 February 2012 (UTC)

 * Hi All, Apologies for being MIA on the talk page. I promise to be more active from now on! I'm up for selecting individual chapters to work on. How should we divide it? Laura (talk) 18:48, 16 February 2012 (UTC)

Hi DavidMCEddy, as you know this article has been assigned to us as a class project. We are supposed to write this article and structure it, and we will be evaluated on it. We think it's fantastic that you want to work on this article too, and we invite you to work with us on it by participating in the discussion around editing and posting the material. This is what we will be doing on the talk page, and we would like you to be a part of it so that we're all on the same page. That being said, and our understanding is that Wikipedia discourages block quotes and instead summarizes via cited paraphrases. In addition, we are concerned that the article length is getting too long. Please let us know how you are planning on proceeding--we feel the next step is to edit down the quotes and paraphrase them, and also come up with overall theme headings. Please let us know your thoughts. Laura (talk) 17:25, 17 February 2012 (UTC)

 * I think it's wise to pick one edition of the book to use for page references. I've been using the 2004 Penguin edition.  However, I now think that was a poor choice:  It should be to one of the on-line editions.  For that I propose the following:  {http://www.jus.uio.no/sisu/free_culture.lawrence_lessig/portrait.letter.pdf PDF, U.S. letter size, portrait/vertical document (recommended for printing)}  I tried to edit the references to mention this, but my edit was rejected because of a concurrent edit of the same thing.  I'll try again.  If I get that to work, then I plan to change all my previous reference to cite pages in this edition.

 * I agree that the page is getting long, but I don't see a good way to split it. There probably needs to be a shorter summary of the key points.  I may try to do something with that.  After that is done, then we can perhaps consider shrinking the sections so they support the key points and send the reader to the book for more details.

 * Make sense? DavidMCEddy (talk) 02:04, 19 February 2012 (UTC)

 * After thinking more on this, I think some of the material probably should be moved to other sites. Just brainstorming:  I'd want to ensure that Lessig's Free Culture is appropriate cited in Wikipedia articles on  RIAA (it's currently not) and  ASCAP regarding their attempt to sue the Girl Scouts, demanding they pay royalties for singing copyrighted songs around campfires, etc.  Also someone needs to study the "WikiProject Books" guideline for this type of work mentioned there, then help the rest of us know what we should do to improve this article.  DavidMCEddy (talk) 06:17, 20 February 2012 (UTC)

 * When moving material to other Wikipedia articles, I suggest you check "Watch this page" on the line above "Save page" and "Show preview". That way, you should be notified if a page you've edited gets changed by someone else.  That will alert you to check to make sure what you wrote there is still there.  If you reference, e.g., the ASCAP and RIAA articles from this article for something (especially something you put there), you want to make sure the reference still makes sense.  DavidMCEddy (talk) 11:36, 20 February 2012 (UTC)

 * Hi. I just took a look at the wiki books project page and here is the link to the structure they recommend this structure Chrissy9876 (talk) 15:13, 20 February 2012 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the link. Someone may also want to review WikiProject Books/Assessment:  This article is currently rated "Start", meaning it's incomplete.  I assume you'd really like to achieve "FA" (Feature Article) status.  You can ask your Prof, but I would expect that you should target "B" status, which says that, "The article is mostly complete and without major issues, but requires some further work to reach good article standards."  In particular, I assume you want more than "C", which means that it "is still missing important content or contains a lot of irrelevant material."  If something I or someone else wrote needs to be removed or reworded to achieve that, the Wikipedia rule is to "be bold but not reckless."  If something is removed or moved to another page, e.g., another Wikipedia article, it is often good practice to discuss it on a Talk page like this, then wait for at least a day before actually doing it.

 * The WikiProject_Books/Non-fiction_article page Chrissy cited suggest creating a "==Release details== section at the end of the article." The "Multiple Formats, searchable version" under "External links" could be put there.  Doing that might help a little with the  Assessment, which I assume would further help convince your prof that you've taken this seriously.

 * Also, I suggest you look for other Wikipedia articles on non-fiction books that have FA assessment. Looking at the outline, format, etc., of a few of those might help you.  DavidMCEddy (talk) 18:31, 20 February 2012 (UTC)

 * What do you think about starting a separate article on "Abuse of Power" and including several examples from this book in that article? A first step would probably be to rename the current "Abuse of Power" article to "Abuse of Power (book)" or "Abuse of Power (novel)";  a first substep towards that might be to suggest that change on the Talk page associated with that book.  A next step would then be to create a disambiguation page for "Abuse of Power", that would reference that book, Chomsky's Failed States: The Abuse of Power and the Assault on Democracy, and the "Abuse of Power" article that would be created after the disambiguation page.  DavidMCEddy (talk) 18:31, 20 February 2012 (UTC)

 * Hi David, as we previously mentioned, we have been assigned the Free Culture page as an assignment. We plan to use the book's themes, such as you have already identified; we will cover the Introduction, Piracy, Property, and the Conclusion. Are you interested in taking on the two remaining themes of Puzzles and Balances? Chisholmredproject (talk) 20:26, 24 February 2012 (UTC)

 * Yes. Over the past 3 days, I've summarized "Puzzles" and ch. 13 in "Balances".  I plan to continue reading and summarizing the rest of the book.  I'm doing this, because I believe this book makes an extremely important contribution to the current debate on the  ACTA, and I want to make it more available to people who might want more information about this -- and hopefully inject more research into this debate.  I hope this enhances rather than detracts from your class project.  DavidMCEddy (talk) 21:10, 24 February 2012 (UTC)

Summaries of Core 1 Fall '11 Motivations on Free Culture..
 * Preface and Intro: Laura suggests that Lessig juxtaposes a "permission culture" to a "freee culture" which Lessig likens to "free speech" (as opposed to "free beer"--we can talk about this off-line, if you like). Laura sites a couple of Lessig's examples of how innovation and the freedom to create can be stifled by law and order, even if law and order are generally accepted as basic and necessary. Laura points to Lessig's example of the Wright brothers' creation of flying machines as trumping government regulation about property rights that reach into the heavens, and the development of the FM radio band due to an innovator's accidental rivalry with RCA as an example of government being used to stilfe future innovations through the need for “permission” to creat new models. Laura points out that ultimately Lessig aims for "a balance between anarchy and control." Chisholmredproject (talk) 00:56, 16 February 2012 (UTC)

Reference Material: ITP1 Blog Posts

 * Summaries - continued. (By the way, if the links don't work, we need to find a way for Chrissy to see the full text. Is there a wikipedia-kosher way to do that somewhere?)I just noticed we were not assigned all the chapters. So as a super short summary, I will list the chapters by motivations and date.

If we are volunteering for things, I am happy to do the conclusions and critiques. Hope this post helps. --Meilingaddress (talk) 04:25, 16 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Intro _ Laura Nov. 30
 * Chpt 1 -"Creators" Ria Nov 30
 * Chpt 4 "Pirates" - Jacob Nov 29
 * Chpt 5 - "Piracy" - Wioleta Nov 30
 * Chpt 10 - "Property" Kiran Nov 30
 * Conclusion/Afterward - Maria Nov. 30
 * Critiques - Guest speaker Nov. 25

 * Thanks for posting this, Meiling. If we are going to select chapters, I can take the Intro and Chapter 1 for now. --Laura (talk) 18:54, 16 February 2012 (UTC)

 * Are we still going in this direction? Left you guys a message, and hope that we get together to map our strategy very soon. Signing on for Chaps 4+5. Chisholmredproject (talk) 04:02, 20 February 2012 (UTC)

 * Hey I'll take chapter 10 because that is what's left on the list, and I have access to the blog now fyi. Chrissy9876 (talk) 15:13, 20 February 2012 (UTC)

 * OK, so sounds like we have divided the chaps. Also, were we going to meet in the sandbox?? Chisholmredproject (talk) 00:00, 21 February 2012 (UTC)

Here is a sandbox
Here is a /sandbox for you all to use. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Theredproject (talk • contribs) 21:56, 16 February 2012 (UTC)

Free Culture & Wikipedia's copyright policy
Someone expressed a concern that "This article or section may have been copied and pasted from a source, possibly in violation of Wikipedia's copyright policy." The book was released "under the Creative Commons Attribution/Non-commercial license (by-nc 1.0)". Part of the point of Lessig's Free Culture book is that modern copyright law and industry practice make many things that would have been "fair use" under previous copyright law could now be sued as a potential "derivative work" of something that is copyrighted. However, since this book was released under the Creative Commons license, we can do almost anything we want with it. If this does NOT adequately address the concern about a possible "violation of Wikipedia's copyright policy", I'd like to know more specifics about this concern. DavidMCEddy (talk) 04:55, 2 March 2012 (UTC)
 * Free Culture is released under a CC BY-NC license, which is not a free license, and is not compatible with Wikipedia's CC BY-SA license. I completely agree with you in support of Lessig's argument that things should be much more permissive, but the fact of the matter is that they aren't (from a legal perspective). And in particular, Wikipedia abides by a pretty strict ruleset around this. The other related problem that goes along with this is that a string of big blockquotes quotes does not trigger fair use through transformative use, or though ratio of new to used source. Also, (and most importantly) it doesn't make for the clearest or most useful Wikipedia article. The key for a Wikipedia or encyclopedia article is to summarize the body of knowledge on the topic of the article. That is the next step here, clearly: summarize -- which is transformative. --Theredproject (talk) 21:43, 2 March 2012 (UTC)
 * I agree that the blockquotes don't currently serve the article well, given the length. However, it would seem that the CC BY-NC 1.0 license allows the blockquotes.  Relatedly, I just added the XKCD comic called "Content Protection" which was licensed under CC BY-NC 2.5.  It's used like the blockquotes are (verbatim, which seems permissible), but we can't change the content.  In the context of "quoting" that would seem fine.  Is there another concern here?  (I.e. is much of the rest of the text derived from the original content?) Benjaminoakes (talk) 11:06, 28 March 2012 (UTC)
 * Actually per Wikipedia's own policy on the use of non-free content and quotation, this article still has excessive and unpermitted (by Wikipedia) use of non-free quoted material. The book's license is not completely "free" because it does not permit copying for commercial use and for Wikipedia purposes it has to be treated on the same basis as all other fully copyrighted material. i.e. only on a "fair use" basis. The relevant guidelines are at:
 * Non-free content
 * Wikipedia:FAQ/Copyright
 * There is absolutely no fair-use justification for quoting large chunks (as this article still does) as a simple substitute for properly and briefly summarising it.
 * On a related point in terms of the article's quality, there's virually nothing on how others have viewed, used, or written about the book and the arguments it makes. What has been its impact? It's not as if sources are thin on the ground for this. See here and here.
 * Those working on the article might also want to acquaint yourselves with Wikipedia's Manual of Style. The quotes should never be in italics, and internal linking within the quote should be avoided. WikiProject Books also has useful guidelines for writing good articles on non-fiction works at WikiProject Books/Non-fiction article. Some examples of what you should be aiming for are:
 * Race Against Time: Searching for Hope in AIDS-Ravaged Africa
 * Guns, Germs, and Steel
 * Voceditenore (talk) 13:47, 1 April 2012 (UTC)
 * Voceditenore describes the situation as to our polices well so I won't repeat that. I have now re-wrote many of the quotes in my own words.  My apologies if I got anything wrong - I haven't read the book - but this has now been a problem long enough that leaving the material in the article was not an option - the alternative would have been to blank large parts of the article.  I have had to blank one section, and outright remove a couple of quotes, as there was no context provided for the quotes and so I was uncertain to the point being made.  I deliberately did my edits in many smaller edits so that I could use the edit log to describe why I did many of my actions so please also look there if you want more of my reasoning.
 * I would like to point out that I've only done enough to avoid excessive use of unfree material and that I still think the article has many other problems - not least of which it seems excessively long for an encyclopaedia article on a single book. Dpmuk (talk) 04:51, 2 April 2012 (UTC)
 * I strongly agree with the author of the Peer review who suggested dropping the entire "Outline" section as largely unnecessary and repetitive. It's also a very unencyclopedic way to approach the subject and is strongly discouraged for articles on books. It is particularly unnecessary in this case since the entire book is available for free on the internet and linked from the article. The space can be much better used for well-referenced and comprehensive sections on its critical reception, impact, and publishing history. Voceditenore (talk) 11:51, 2 April 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
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name change and reversion
On 2019-10-02T17:07:38, User:Finnusertop change the title of this article from "Free Culture (book)" to "Free Culture: How Big Media Uses Technology and the Law to Lock Down Culture and Control Creativity". On 2019-10-23T00:15:36 User:Þjarkur reverted this change. Both cited WP:SUBTITLE to justify their actions. That link begins, 'Like all articles, books (and other media, such as films and video games) that have a subtitle should use the work's commonly used name (following WP:COMMONNAME). For books with verbose subtitles, this often means using a concise form in preference to a full "official" name'.

I agree with User:Þjarkur in this case. I hope no one else tries to revert to the 17-word version of the title over the 2-word version. There is now a redirect of the longer version of the title for those who prefer to type all 99 characters;-) DavidMCEddy (talk) 04:20, 23 October 2019 (UTC)

Summary, Themes, and Outline redundant
These three sections contain rehashes of each other and the text (as well as numerous quotes, inconsistent style, a plethora of typos, US-centered language, and so on). I propose combining them into one less exhaustive section, perhaps starting with a list of themes and concepts it discusses and then a brief summary of the book itself. RookWeaver (talk) 18:56, 13 October 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Free Culture (book)


text:
Elmar Klos

Elmar Klos (26 January 1910 – 19 July 1993) was a Czech film director. He collaborated for 17 years with his Slovak colleague Ján Kadár and with him won the 1965 Oscar for Best Foreign Language Film for the film The Shop on Main Street.

They directed the 1963 film Death Is Called Engelchen, which entered into the 3rd Moscow International Film Festival and won a Golden Prize.

title: Elmar Klos


text:
St George's Tron Church

The St George's Tron Church, in Glasgow, Scotland, is a Church of Scotland church in the city centre, located in Nelson Mandela Place, previously known as St George's Place, fronting Buchanan Street at West George Street, along from Queen Street Station. It should not be confused with the 17th-century Tron Church, which lies to the south-west on Trongate and was redeveloped in the 1980s as the Tron Theatre. Located right on the busiest shopping street in Scotland (Buchanan Street), the building is a significant presence, and the oldest in the area. It stands as a terminating vista for West George Street.

History
The church opened in 1808, originally as St. George's Parish Church, with the original congregation originating from the Wynd Church in the Merchant City near to the Trongate. In 1815 Thomas Chalmers, later to be the leader of the evangelical party in the disruption of 1843, became minister of the church. A merger with the Tron St Anne congregation (previously of the Laigh Kirk on Trongate) in 1940 led to the compound St George's Tron name coming into use.

A notable minister of the parish was Tom Allan, a key figure in the Scottish evangelical movement of the mid-20th century. Tom Allan died of a heart attack in 1965. His ministry was followed by that of George Baillie Duncan who developed a strong emphasis on biblical preaching and teaching and who served from 1965 to 1977. Another notable minister, also an evangelical, was Eric Alexander, who served from 1977 to 1997 as was Sinclair Ferguson who served in the late 1990s and early 2000s.

In 2004 Rev Dr William J. U. Philip became minister of the congregation, following a five-year term as Director of Ministry with the Proclamation Trust. During his ministry he oversaw the establishment of Cornhill Scotland, a training organisation for preachers and teachers of the Bible.

In 2012 the Reverend William Philip and the congregation left the Church of Scotland and moved to new premises on Bath Street where they have continued as an independent congregation under the name of the Tron Church.

Today
The Reverend Alastair Duncan was duly appointed as a Transition Minister for a 7 year period in order to re-plant a congregation in the landmark city centre church, before being formally inducted over zoom in 2020.

St George’s Tron opens its door to the public 7 days a week, with the Wild Olive Tree café operating open Monday to Saturday 10am-4:30pm and a Café Church Service on a Sunday at 12:30pm, as well as other services throughout the week.

Recent activity
In 2015 Iain Campbell took up a temporary post as Artist-in-Residence at St George's. Campbell produced a painting titled "the last supper" depicting men in difficult personal circumstances dining at a table. This was to commemorate a cafe operated in the church which was a social enterprise project run in conjunction with Glasgow City Mission. The Glasgow Street Pastors continue to operate out of St George's Tron, using it as their "safe zone" on Friday and Saturday nights.

Architecture
The building, which was commissioned by the City Fathers was designed by William Stark, was opened in 1808, originally as St. George's Parish Church.

Refurbishment
From 2007-9 the church building was refurbished by CRGP architects and surveyors. This restored a number of original features which had been concealed by practical alterations over the years as well as revealing and addressing structural weaknesses in the tower. The new interior is an open and contemporary design, making it an excellent location for the Wild Olive Tree cafe.

title: St George's Tron Church


text:
Bag of Tricks

Bag of Tricks is a compilation album by the band Annihilator, released in 1994. The album was later reissued in 2002 under the label Roadrunner.

Credits

 * Jeff Waters – Guitar, Vocals on tracks 14–16, Bass on track 1, 14–16, Background Vocals
 * Randy Rampage – Vocals on tracks 1–5
 * Coburn Pharr – Vocals on tracks 6–10, 12–13
 * Dave Scott Davis – Guitar on tracks 5–9
 * Neil Goldberg – Guitar on tracks 10–13
 * Wayne Darley – Bass, Vocals on track 11
 * Ray Hartmann – Drums
 * Mike Mangini – Drums on tracks 12–13
 * Paul Malek – Drums on tracks 14–16

title: Bag of Tricks


text:
Montreal International Film Festival

The Montreal International Film Festival was an annual Canadian film festival, which took place in Montreal, Quebec from 1960 to 1967.

History
A primarily non-competitive festival, it was led throughout its history by Pierre Juneau as president, with Robert Daudelin as a manager and programmer.

At the fourth festival in 1963, the festival also introduced a competitive parallel Festival of Canadian Films, with a prize presented to the film judged as the best film in the program.

The overall festival developed a positive international reputation, culminating in its hosting the world premiere of the film Bonnie and Clyde in 1967, but the Canadian stream was controversial, with filmmakers often expressing their opposition to the competitive nature of the program. The controversy was most pronounced in 1966, when the jury gave out numerous honorable mentions but declined to name any feature or short winners on the grounds that the films in competition did not measure up to the "concepts and standards of execution that Canadian film-makers have set themselves", and in 1967, when feature co-winners Allan King and Jean Pierre Lefebvre announced a joint decision to share their prize money equally with the other two feature films in competition, Pierre Perrault's The Times That Are (Le Règne du jour) and Michel Brault's Between Salt and Sweet Water (Entre la mer et l'eau douce).

The 1967 jury's choices of Jacques Leduc's Chantal en vrac as the medium-length prize winner and Pierre Hébert's Op Hop - Hop Op as the short prize winner were also criticized, as both films had been heavily booed by the audiences at their screenings, and the festival that year had also been impacted by the Quebec Censor Board's banning of Larry Kent's film High.

The festival was cancelled in 1968.

The new Montreal World Film Festival was launched in 1977, and was also sometimes informally referred to as the Montreal International Film Festival.

1963

 * Grand Prize: Claude Jutra, À tout prendre
 * Special Jury Prize, Feature: Pierre Perrault and Michel Brault, Pour la suite du monde
 * Best Performance: Johanne Harrelle, À tout prendre
 * Short Film: Arthur Lamothe, Manouane River Lumberjacks (Bûcherons de la Manouane)
 * Special Jury Prize, Short: Gordon Sheppard, The Most
 * Special Citations: Camil Adam, Au plus petit d'entre nous and Cioni Carpi, Le Chat ici et la

1964

 * Grand Prize, Feature: Gilles Groulx, The Cat in the Bag (Le Chat dans le sac)
 * Special Award, Feature: Pierre Patry, Trouble-Maker (Trouble fête)
 * Short Film: Jean Dansereau, Parallèles et grand soleil; Colin Low, The Hutterites
 * Special Award, Short Film: Arthur Lipsett, Free Fall; Gilles Carle, Percé on the Rocks
 * Best Performance: Claude Godbout, The Cat in the Bag (Le Chat dans le sac)

1965

 * Grand Prize, Feature: Gilles Carle, The Merry World of Leopold Z (La vie heureuse de Léopold Z)
 * Special Award, Feature: Larry Kent, Sweet Substitute
 * Short Film: George Kaczender, Phoebe
 * Special Awards, Short Film: Wolf Koenig and Roman Kroitor, Stravinsky; Beryl Fox, Summer in Mississippi; Jean-Claude Labrecque, 60 Cycles
 * Best Performance: Dona Saunders, Phoebe

1966

 * Grand Prize, Feature: No award presented
 * Special Award, Feature: David Secter, Winter Kept Us Warm
 * Grand Prize, Medium-Length: John Spotton, Buster Keaton Rides Again; Don Owen, Notes for a Film About Donna and Gail
 * Special Mentions, Medium-Length: Claude Jutra, Comment savoir; Donald Brittain and John Spotton, Memorandum; Claude Fournier, On sait où entrer Tony, mais c'est les notes; Mort Ransen, No Reason to Stay
 * Short Film: No award presented
 * Short Film, Special Mentions: Donald Shebib, Revival; Jacques Kasma and Pierre Patry, Ghosts of a River (Trois hommes au mille carré)

1967

 * Grand Prize, Feature: Jean Pierre Lefebvre, Don't Let It Kill You and Allan King, Warrendale
 * Grand Prize, Medium-Length: Jacques Leduc, Chantal en vrac
 * Short Film: Pierre Hébert, Op Hop - Hop Op
 * Special Jury Prize: Martin Duckworth and Jean Roy, Flight
 * Special Mentions: Claude Jutra, Rouli-Roulant; Tanya Ballantyne, The Things I Cannot Change; Derek May, Angel; Michel Brault, Between Salt and Sweet Water (Entre la mer et l'eau douce)

title: Montreal International Film Festival


text:
Talk:Bag of Tricks

Fair use rationale for Image:AnnihilatorBagOfTricks.jpg
Image:AnnihilatorBagOfTricks.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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title: Talk:Bag of Tricks


text:
Puer

Puer may refer to:

 * Pu'er tea, a variety of fermented tea, named after Pu'er in Yunnan Province
 * Old Pu'er, present-day Ning'er Hani and Yi Autonomous County, China
 * Pu'er City, a prefecture-level city in Yunnan, China, formerly known as Simao County
 * Puer (geomancy), a geomantic figure

title: Puer