text:
The Rising Force

The Rising Force by Dave Wolverton is the first in a series of young reader novels called Jedi Apprentice. The only novel of the series to be written by Dave Wolverton, it was released on May 3, 1999. The series explores the adventures of Qui-Gon Jinn and Obi-Wan Kenobi prior to Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace.

Plot
The protagonist, Obi-Wan Kenobi is trying hard to become an apprentice within four weeks. At the end of those four weeks is his thirteenth birthday, and by then he would have passed the cut-off age for apprenticeship, and be forced to leave the Jedi Temple. Master Yoda informs Obi-Wan that Qui-Gon Jinn is going to be visiting the Jedi Temple in search of an apprentice. As there are no other Jedi looking for an apprentice at the time, Qui-Gon is Obi-Wan's only hope.

Obi-Wan fails to become Qui-Gon's apprentice and is subsequently assigned to the Jedi Agricultural Corps on the planet Bandomeer. He finds out Qui-Gon is on a mission on Bandomeer, also. The two must dodge Whiphids and Hutts on a mining ship, which is eventually hijacked by Offworld Corporation, a rival faction to the group Obi-Wan is joining. Offworld holds the ship's stash of dactyl, a mineral required for most of the creatures on the ship.

The mining ship is soon attacked by pirates, which causes them to launch an emergency landing on a moon close to Bandomeer. The Jedi, Offworld, and Offworld's rival faction must work together to fight against predators and other threats. Offworld's uprising is also stopped during this truce, and once the ship is repaired, the factions travel together to Bandomeer.

Qui-Gon catches glimpses of Obi-Wan's potential, and starts to reconsider.

Reception
Don D'Ammassa of the Science Fiction Chronicle described the book along with The Dark Rival as "[l]ight but fun". Isaac Romaker praised the book in a review in The Hamilton Spectator for its characterization and "good conflict".

title: The Rising Force


text:
Spøttrup Municipality

Until 1 January 2007 Spøttrup municipality was a municipality (Danish, kommune) in the former Viborg County on the Salling Peninsula, a part of the larger Jutland peninsula in northwest Denmark. The municipality covered an area of 189 km², and had a total population of 7,902 (2005).

Spøttrup municipality ceased to exist as the result of Kommunalreformen ("The Municipality Reform" of 2007). It was merged with Sallingsund, Skive, and Sundsøre municipalities to form the new Skive municipality. This created a municipality with an area of 682 km² and a total population of 48,368 (2005). The new municipality belongs to Region Midtjylland ("Mid-Jutland Region").

The municipality was named after Spøttrup Castle (Spøttrup Borg).

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Spøttrup Municipality


text: User talk:68.84.255.199

title: User talk:68.84.255.199


text:
Talk:Thomas R. Marshall

Wabash College
I know TRM went to Wabash--but to study law? AFAIK, it's never had a law program, even pre-law.... 161.32.47.33 (talk) 02:39, 19 February 2009 (UTC)

Calvin Coolidge
"Marshall's decision not to seek the presidential nomination in 1920 was the last time, until 2008, in which neither an incumbent president nor his vice president had entered the electoral race toward the end of his term." That is not correct neither Calvin Coolidge nor Charles G Dawes sought the Republican nomination in 1928.--220.237.12.60 (talk) 18:42, 22 July 2008 (UTC)

Presidents and Vice Presidents Have Run Together Since 1808.
So they win the same states. For this reason, this line: "It was also the first presidential election ever in which the incumbent vice president won all the states won by the incumbent president, something that has since become the norm when a president seeks reelection" seems exceedingly unlikely to me. Could whoever added it please add a citation or take it out?GreekParadise (talk) 00:33, 8 November 2008 (UTC)

 * I think the key word there is "incumbent". —Charles Edward (Talk 12:07, 17 June 2009 (UTC)

Socialist constitution?
What is the basis for referring to Marshall's proposed constitution as "socialist" or organizing the state "on a socialist basis"? It was a progressive constitution perhaps (with its inclusion of initiative and referendum, which were standard demands of the Progressive movement of that era), but socialist? Where did Marshall call either himself or his proposed constitution "socialist"? Zachary Klaas (talk) 01:05, 17 June 2009 (UTC)

 * Socialist is the term used by the source. It also refers to it as "hoplessly flawed", and in large part unconsitutional because of the representation reorganization could be conisdered a non-republican form of government. Progressive ideaolgy of time was in large part socialist. The state Democrat party had not realigned along progressive-conservative lines at the time of the consitution. The state Republican already had split up over it (allowing Marshall's election). Minimum wage, mandatory welfare spending, consitutional protections for labor unions - those are a few of the items the source uses to describe it as socialist. Maintianing male only voting rights, prohibition, primary elections, initiatives, and referedums, were also among the other items included.  —Charles Edward (Talk 12:18, 17 June 2009 (UTC)

Morrisson Izzy Marshall
I am not sure what to do about adding Marshall's adopted son to the article. He never officially adopted the boy, but he took care of him most of his life, and the two are buried next to each other. So while not legally his son, he was adopted by Marshall in every other sense of the word. I am thinking that I will add it to the infobox and note it as adopted, and then footnote an explanation. —Charles Edward (Talk 15:48, 14 August 2009 (UTC)

 * I have located a source that claims Thomas Riley Marsall is the great grandson of John Marshall. I cannot find anything to confirm this. Does anyone know the awnser? —Charles Edward (Talk 18:38, 17 August 2009 (UTC)

Article review
After reviewing the article I would say it reads very well, however the content between Ref 64 and 65 appears in need of more detail. I don't care for the phrase "trivial issues", and the over reliance on one reference. Recommend these trivial issues be provided or the sentence deleted. -- T HE F OUNDERS I NTENT  PRAISE 14:48, 27 October 2009 (UTC)
 * Thank you! I have added some more detail about the exact bills, provided an additional reference, and rephrased the sentance about "trivial issues". —Charles Edward (Talk 17:18, 27 October 2009 (UTC)

Assassination Attempt
This article's lead mentions that "Vice President Marshall is also the only known Vice President of the United States to have been the target of an assassination attempt." This is not mentioned in the "Assassination Attempt" section later on. My dispute with this is that Vice President Andrew Johnson was a target in the conspiracy that ultimately killed Pres. Lincoln and wounded Sec. William Seward. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination_of_Abraham_Lincoln#Atzerodt_fails_to_attack_Andrew_Johnson

If the lead was modified to say that Thomas Marshall was the only VP to be exclusively targeted for assassination (as opposed to being part of a larger plot), it could be more accurate. Or the lead could say "Marshall was the target of an assassination attempt in (year)" and then leave the particulars and trivia to the "Assassination Attempt" section. Gog-Clocthoth (talk) 05:21, 18 December 2015 (UTC)

 * Muenter… confessed to attempted assassination of the vice president. But then: Muenter may not have been specifically targeting the vice president.
 * Clarification, please. Valetude (talk) 16:25, 8 January 2018 (UTC)

Radical ideas on inheritance
In the Humor section, the following appears without follow-up: "Some of his public utterances in 1913, in which he appeared to advocate radical ideas in regard to the inheritance of property, caused much criticism." The source given is simply Encyclopedia Americana, which doesn't contain any elaboration as to what radical ideas were implied (I don't know offhand what kind of inheritance law would be seen as "radical") or any quotes from Marshall. Does anyone have more information or further sourcing on this? SamuelRiv (talk) 13:34, 23 August 2016 (UTC)

I was unable to find a good way to search for the referenced section in Encyclopedia Americana, but I was able to find a couple of other sources in Google Books regarding this topic. In particular, it appears that Thomas Marshall was opposed to a federal inheritance tax as he believed that it would interfere with the taxing power of the states. However, in the sources that I found, I don't see any indication that this was considered to be a radical idea at the time nor that this viewpoint was a source of criticism towards him. Furthermore, the references that I found were both published in 1912, prior to the purported public utterances advocating radical ideas in regard to the inheritance of property, so I'm not sure if the quoted section of the article is referring to some idea other than his opposition to a federal inheritance tax. Ovenel (talk) 22:24, 17 January 2019 (UTC)

 * I would recommend we just delete it. Better to remove it if we cannot find a good source and maintain the quality of the article. —Charles Edward (Talk 20:46, 6 February 2019 (UTC)

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Talk:Paul V. McNutt

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Talk:Oliver P. Morton

article additions
That was me who added that stuff under the 66.something IP. It logged me out while i was editing. I tried to source everything, i found alot of interesting info on morton i tried to include.

One thing though, read one source where it talked like morton was kind of moderate during reconstruction, but another where it blasts him for being radical. Not sure which is accurate. I went with the radical one, (i think that sounds more like the man, he did vote to impeach johnson, i think that qualifies him for radical status) but i footnoted both. The conflicting sources are Biographical and Historical Sketches of Early Indiana By William Wesley Woollen Pg 138 -saying he was radical. and Lockridge, Ross F. The Story of Indiana, 1957, pg. 325-332 -sounds to me to say he is moderate. Cool10191 (talk) 18:33, 17 March 2008 (UTC)

disambiguation
There is a living author named Oliver Morton, but searches on his name lead here. I suppose I could add a request for an article on him, but for now I am posting this note seeking help from contributors more expert than I am in such matters. Dthomsen8 (talk) 15:26, 25 December 2008 (UTC)davidt8
 * Not a problem. When the article is written, either the author will be at Oliver Morton, or if he is marginally notable, at Olver Morton (author). In either case, there will be links at the top of each article leading to the other.

 * It may be best, however, to write the article on the author in a userspace, and then request a move. Septentrionalis PMAnderson 19:26, 25 May 2011 (UTC)

Move request

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the proposal was move per request as the clear commmon name.--Fuhghettaboutit (talk) 01:33, 1 June 2011 (UTC)

Oliver Hazard Perry Morton → Oliver P. Morton – Move to usual form. While the full name, with Throck is occasionally written out, this isn't. Septentrionalis PMAnderson 19:32, 25 May 2011 (UTC)
 * Support. Clearly the most commonly used name. 10 hits for "Oliver Hazard Perry Throck Morton" and four hits for "Oliver Hazard Perry Morton" in the gnews archives, compared to 3290 for "Oliver P. Morton". Jenks24 (talk) 16:29, 29 May 2011 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

title: Talk:Oliver P. Morton


text:
Dhasan River

The Dhasan River is a river in central India. A right bank tributary of the Betwa River. It's flow's in Bundelkhand Region of Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh.

Origin and Lenth
Dhasan River originates in Begumganj tehsil (Raisen district, Madhya Pradesh). And than flows in Sagar District.

The river forms the southeastern boundary of the Lalitpur District of Uttar Pradesh state. Its total length is 365 km, out of which 240 km lies in Madhya Pradesh, 54 km common boundary between Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh, and 71 km in Uttar Pradesh. Bela,

Tributarys
Kathan, Mangrar, Bachneri and Rohni are among its tributaries.

Human activity
Two dams have been built on Dhasan: one at Pahari and one further down at Lahchura. A three-branched irrigational canal was opened in 1910, diverting some of the river's flow and providing water for the Bundelkhand region.

The river was known as the Dasharna in ancient times. Residents of nearby villages regard this river as a holy river.

title: Dhasan River


text:
Talk:Alberta charter schools

Mother Earth’s Children’s Charter School
This charter school was excluded because: Anyway, I don't know what the status is, so didn't include it, despite the fact it does appear on the province's web site, as a charter school. This could be my mistake. --rob 13:42, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The official web site is "under construction"
 * When looking at summaries of reports filed with the province, I didn't see the school included.
 * The one spot where I found their name (in the same report), was in reference to ECS(Kindergarden) program.

Charter schools are a type of private school
In Alberta, the School Act, section 31, says: "31(1) A person or society may apply to the Minister for the establishment of a charter school to be operated by a society incorporated under the Societies Act or a company registered under Part 9 of the Companies Act." That is, in Alberta, charter schools are operated by a society or not-for-profit corporation; they are not operated by a public school authority. In Alberta, a charter school may not use the word "public" in its name. Legally, they are a class of private school.

In addition, the facilities used by charter schools, in Alberta, are not, in any case that I know of, owned by the provincial government. In most cases, the school facilities used by charter schools are owned by a public school or separate school district, and they are being used by the charter school subject to a direction or authorization from the Minister of Education.

The reason we don't call separate and/or francophone school authorities private is that they have a universal electorate within a described population, and the board of a separate and/or francophone school authority is elected according to the Local Authorities Election Act, and may be removed by the Minister according to the provisions of the School Act. The Board of a charter school is not accountable to a universal electorate, it is not elected according to the Local Authorities Elections Act, and the Minister, while he may terminate a charter, may not remove the Board of a charter school from office.

By corporate organization, by exclusion from the provisions of the Local Authorities Election Act, and by freedom from the threat of removal of the Board by the Minister, charter schools, at least in Alberta, are private institutions. A similarly careful analysis of the charter school provisions in American states would lead to a similar conclusion.

David King 23:54, 2 April 2006 (UTC)

 * As mentioned on your talk page see Alberta charter school handbook (PDF File) page 1. It states "What is a Charter School?  A charter school is a public school' that provides a basic education in a different or enhanced way to improve student learning."  (my emphasis).   Also, read the rest of the guide, about accoutnability issues.  Charter schools in Alberta are officially designated public by the province, who is the *sole* authority on the matter.  This article is based on the guide, and I'd be happy to hear of anything that disagrees with it.  --Rob 02:08, 3 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Added: I would point out, that pretty much every single charter school in Alberta explcitly refers to itself as public, in their web site, and other documents.  If that was false, then surely the districts could pursue legal action over "false advertising".  It seems its only some public school districts who like to have a monopoly on the term.  --Rob 02:15, 3 April 2006 (UTC)

I've added a footnote after the term "public school", to clarify the source of the term. Ideally, more sources can be added. Ideally, this article, should be expanded to include coverage over debates regarding charters, including debates about how "public" they really are. --Rob 06:18, 3 April 2006 (UTC)

U.S. practice is not a useful guide for Canada
Whether charter schools are public or private (they're public) in the U.S. does not bear directly on their legal status in Canada, because the situation in Canada is drastically different from that in the United States. In the United States, private schools do not receive government money, so any school which does is a public school. In Canada, the distinction between public and private schools is different. (I know that local school boards in the U.S. sometimes give money to parents who place their special-needs kids in private schools, but the money technically goes to the parent as a reimbursement for services that the local public school is required to provide, but cannot internally. The money technically does not go to the school.) Argyriou 18:49, 9 June 2006 (UTC)
 * A reply is at Talk:Charter school. The relevant point, specific to Alberta, is the Alberta government defines Charters as being public.  --Rob 20:33, 9 June 2006 (UTC)

Opinions please: Boyle Street Education Centre clientele
I'm working my way though this article, updating and sourcing, and I'm concerned about the claim that the Boyle Street Education Centre "helps mainly native students". I have been able to find a school source http://www.bsec.ab.ca/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Boyle-Street-Education-Centre-Charter-School-draft-evaluation-report-May-23-2014.pdf that confirms this (89% First Nation, Metis or Inuit as of 2013) but does this comment belong in the article? Currently that demographic information is not even in Boyle Street Education Centre where one might expect to find it. The centre works with high risk youth in general in an attempt to get them to return to their education. Including the demographic information in this charter school article leaves the impression that the school's charter focusses on natives, which it does not. Unless someone can come up with a good justification for including this I'm going to rewrite it more neutrally. Meters (talk) 21:04, 21 February 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Alberta charter schools


text: Talk:Noah Noble

title: Talk:Noah Noble


text:
Talk:Frank O'Bannon

Fair use rationale for Image:Frank Obannon.jpg
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title: Talk:Frank O'Bannon


text:
Talk:Robert D. Orr

Wife's name
Bob's wife's name was actually Mary Kay, not Mary plus a middle initial "K." "Kay" is, in fact, short for Kathryn, but she kind of resented it when her name was shortened to Mary. ("There are so many 'Mary's': I'm Mary Kay.")

207.250.189.4 (talk) 20:18, 10 February 2014 (UTC)Christy, Mary Kay's daughter
 * ✅ per --j⚛e deckertalk 18:08, 3 March 2014 (UTC)

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Pyongsong

Pyongsong (평성,, officially Phyongsong ) is a city in North Korea, the capital city of South Pyongan province in western North Korea. The city is located about 32 kilometres northeast of Pyongyang, and was formally established in December 1969. It has a population of 284,386.

History
The area that is now Pyongsong was formerly Pyongyang and South Pyongan Province. This was first formed in 1965 from various parts of the two regions, and was designated a gu (district). Various other parts were merged into the district, and it was promoted to si (city) in 1969, also becoming the capital of South Pyongan Province. South Korean sources claim that Kim Il-sung named the city. The name comes from combining Pyongyang and the word for fortress in Korean.

In 1995, Toksong-dong, Paesan-dong, Songnyong-dong and a part of Jikyong-dong were split from the city and placed under the jurisdiction of Pyongyang through Unjong-guyok. The rest of Jikyong-dong was absorbed by Hacha-dong and it was abolished.

On 27 November 2017, a Hwasong-15 was fired from the city.

Administrative divisions
P'yŏngsŏng-si is divided into 20 dong (neighbourhoods) and 14 ri (villages):

Economy
The city has small scale nuclear and physics research facilities, which are controlled by the State Academy of Sciences.

28% of the land is used for farming and fruits are grown in the villages.

Due to location and good transport, P'yŏngsŏng-si is the location of many wholesale businesses importing products from China. This is because many traders do not possess travel permits to enter Pyongyang and with Pyongsong being the point where permits to enter Pyongyang are checked, they must resell their goods onwards at Pyongsong. These markets also sell onto other cities, including Haeju and Sariwon. It is also more efficient to send goods to the east coast cities of Wonsan than directly from Sinuiju. In 2009, the market was split into two smaller ones, because allegedly, the market was seen as a threat due to its capitalistic influence according to the Korea Herald.

Industry
The Phyongsong Synthetic Leather factory, the Phyongsong rubber band factory, an agricultural machine factory and the Moranbong watch factory are four major factories in the city.

March 16 Factory/ Phyongnam General Machine Plant
The largest and most important factory in Pyongsong is March 16 factory, also known as the Pyongsang Auto Works, with an area of 248000m² and employing an estimated 7000 to 8000 people. It was established on 16 March 1977. However, its location is disputed, as it is supposed to be located in Kuwol-dong, while south Korean sources claim that it part of the Thaebaeksan company, which is listed in Paesan-dong, and would thus be a part of Pyongyang.

The factory has roads leading to Pyongyang and Sunchon, and has produced the Kaengsang 69 and Kaengsang 85 jeeps, the Taebaeksan truck series, armoured vehicles and more recently, the Taebaeksan-96, a locally assembled KamAZ-55111 as a result of a 2007 partnership with Kamaz. The factory also likely produces or modifies transporter erector launchers, used to carry the Hwasong-15 missile and modifies Sinotruck vehicles to be multiple rocket launchers. Although the production of KamAZ trucks possibly ended in 2010, other models of KamAZ trucks were still seen in the facility.

A temporary structure was built in 2017, which appeared to be used to support the development of TEL vehicles, similar to those at the No.65 Factory at Jonchon.

In 2019, various buildings were reconstructed, likely as ordered by Kim Jong-un. All roads within the factory were repaved and some structures were removed, while a livestock facility saw some progress. However, the roads within the factory still appear to have turn radii too small for the TEL of the Hwasong-15, potentially indicating that large scale production of these vehicles had not yet occurred, although NK News analysts believe that it could be nonetheless a step towards production.

Education
Having been initially established with the idea of functioning as a center for North Korea's science and technology sectors, Pyongsong-si is the location of several colleges, universities, and research center:

 * Pyongsong University of Science - reputed to include a nuclear physics department, the researchers of which contribute to North Korea's nuclear program. The department runs the Atomic Energy Research Institute.
 * Pyongsong University of Medicine (functions as South Pyongan province's regional medical training institute)
 * Space Science Research Institute
 * Phyongsong University of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry

Nature
Pyongsong is located at an average of 100–200 metres above sea level, although the western part of the city is mostly mountains. Forests cover 53% of the city, consisting various trees, such as oak, birch, acacia, maple and alder trees. Pyongsong has a continental climate. There are various precious metals located in the area. The Taedong River flows through the city.

Transport
P'yŏngsŏng-si has two stations on the P'yŏngra Line of the Korean State Railway, one in P'yŏngsŏng-dong and one in Ponghak-dong.

Pyongsong has one trolleybus line. The network opened on August 4, 1983, from Munwha-dong to Pyongsong station and extended in 1992 by 5.2 km to Paesan-dong. However, between 1996 and 2005, the line between Pyongsong station and Kwangmyong-dong (now part of Unjong-guyok, Pyongyang) was cut, splitting the originally connected lines, likely as a result of the division of the city. In 2015, there were around 12 trolleybuses including three articulated trolleybuses reported to be in service on the Munhwa-dong to Pyongsong station line, reduced to 8 trolleybuses after the articulated trolleybuses were retired between 2015 and 2020.

Sister cities

 * 🇧🇬 Pernik, Bulgaria
 * 🇳🇵 Bhaktapur, Nepal

title: Pyongsong


text:
User:SV Resolution

 * my own private sandbox
 * User:SV Resolution/Editcounter
 * User:SV Resolution/aspartame controversy section -- currently working on "Origins of Controversy timeline of US approval"

title: User:SV Resolution


text:
Luis de Velasco, 2nd Viceroy of New Spain

Luis de Velasco y Ruiz de Alarcón (1511 – July 31, 1564) was the second viceroy of New Spain during the Spanish colonization of the Americas in the mid-sixteenth century.

Biography
Velasco was born in the town of Carrión de los Condes, in the province of Palencia, in 1511. The son of a wealthy nobleman, Velasco received formal education at a young age. By 1547, he had become viceroy and leader of Spain's armed forces in the Kingdom of Navarre.

Impressed with Velasco's achievements and loyalty to the Spanish crown, Emperor Charles V (King Charles I of Spain) sent him to New Spain, in 1550, to deal with problems in the Spanish colonies, among them slavery and the encomienda system. He was accompanied by his son, Luis de Velasco, marqués de Salinas, himself a future viceroy of New Spain. Velasco replaced the previous viceroy, Antonio de Mendoza.

Mendoza had been given his choice of the Viceroyalty of Mexico or of Peru, with Velasco to fill the other office. Velasco arrived at San Juan de Ulúa, New Spain on August 23, 1550. He spent the month of September in Puebla, while Mendoza was making his choice. Finally the two men decided to meet in Cholula, and there Mendoza chose Peru. On November 25, 1550, Velasco made his official entry into Mexico City, thus becoming Viceroy of New Spain. He served until his death there on July 31, 1564.

Velasco helped the natives defend themselves against the abuses of gold-mining slave owners, and released 15,000 Indian slaves. On January 25, 1553, Velasco inaugurated the Royal and Pontifical University of Mexico. He commissioned the founding of the towns of San Miguel el Grande (now San Miguel de Allende), Durango (1563), San Felipe de Ixtlahuaca, and Nombre de Dios. He also instituted public services such as hospitals and law enforcement for the natives.

In 1558, Mexico experienced its first large flood of the Spanish era, and afterwards an epidemic. The Viceroy did everything in his power to aid the many victims.

Up to 1560, Velasco governed with unlimited authority. Although he had committed no abuses, in that year the Audiencia and other powerful Spaniards attempted to influence the emperor to limit the authority of the Viceroy by requiring prior authorization of his actions by the Audiencia.

In his final years, Velasco focused his efforts on establishing settlements in Florida, exploring the Pacific Ocean and searching for more riches for the Empire. In 1559, Velasco sent a fleet of 13 ships under the command of Tristán de Luna y Arellano to establish settlements on the eastern coast of Florida. The expedition failed when the settlements were struck by hunger and quarrels with hostile native warriors. The Spaniards were forced to abandon them.

In early 1564, Velasco commissioned Miguel López de Legazpi and Andrés de Urdaneta to lead an expedition across the Pacific to the Spice Islands, where Ferdinand Magellan and Ruy López de Villalobos had landed in 1521 and 1543. Velasco died in 1564. At his death, it was found that instead of enriching himself in office, he had gone into debt out of his concern for the poor and the Indians. He was succeeded by Francisco Ceinos as interim viceroy in 1564, and by Gastón de Peralta, marqués de Falces as permanent viceroy in 1566.


text: Talk:Odanah, Wisconsin

title: Talk:Odanah, Wisconsin


text: Talk:New Post, Wisconsin

title: Talk:New Post, Wisconsin


text: Talk:James B. Ray

title: Talk:James B. Ray


text:
Hiero

Hiero or hieron (ἱερόν, "holy place") is a shrine, temple, or temple precinct in ancient Greece.

Hiero may also refer to:

Places and jurisdictions

 * Hieron, Caria, an ancient city and former bishopric in Asia Minor, now Avsarkale in Turkey and Catholic titular see Hieron

Ancient

 * Hiero I, tyrant of Syracuse, Italy (478–467 BC)
 * Hiero (Xenophon), a dialogue by Xenophon about Hiero I
 * Hiero II of Syracuse, tyrant of Syracuse (270–215 BC)
 * Hieron (potter), a 5th-century BC potter associated with Makron (vase painter)

Modern

 * Hiero., the author abbreviation for botanist Georg Hans Emmo Wolfgang Hieronymus
 * Jay Hieron (born 1976), an American professional mixed martial arts fighter

Fictional

 * Hiero Desteen, protagonist of two post-apocalypse novels by Sterling E. Lanier (Hiero's Journey and The Unforsaken Hiero)

Other

 * Any one of a number of Aero-engines built to the designs of Otto Hieronimus in the Austro-Hungarian empire from the early 1910s, such as the Hiero E
 * Hieroglyphics (group), a hip-hop group
 * Hiéron du Val d'Or, a French Catholic esoteric society

title: Hiero


text:
Foreign trade of Argentina

Foreign trade of Argentina includes economic activities both within and outside Argentina especially with regards to merchandise exports and imports, as well as trade in services.

Colonial and early history
Argentina's primary exports in colonial times were largely limited to salted beef due to the fact that beef would not stay fresh during trans-Atlantic shipping - a problem which similarly precluded most grain exports until the 1870s.

Modern history
Argentina developed an agro-export model where they were highly dependent on the external sector, exporting commodities mostly to Western Europe. Much as colonial elites tried to emulate European styles, a wave of European investment and immigration so reshaped local culture and architecture in the late 19th and early 20th centuries (primarily in the Pampas area), that visitors often compared Buenos Aires with Paris.

Agriculturally and thinly populated, Argentina recorded trade surpluses for most of the period between 1900 and 1948, including a cumulative US$1 billion during World War I and US$1.7 billion during World War II. But record taxes on grain exports imposed by the administration of President Juan Perón (1946-55) and an increasing need for costly fuel and machinery helped result in a nearly-unbroken string of trade deficits between 1949 and 1962.

Perón and, most notably, President Arturo Frondizi (1958-62), encouraged foreign as well as local investment in energy and industry as part of a developmentalist policy of import substitution industrialization. Trade deficits in the 1950s initially limited development due to the need for expensive machinery and supplies and a shortage of foreign exchange. But drawn to an economy that provided Latin America's highest standard of living, domestic and foreign investors responded, industrial production more than doubled, and the country's trade position became modestly positive throughout the 1963–79 era, even as domestic demand grew.

Policies of "free trade" financial deregulation pursued by Argentina's last dictatorship led to a sudden, record deficit in 1980 and, by 1981, a mountain of bad debts and financial collapse. The climate of slack domestic demand that prevailed in Argentina throughout the 1980s resulted in a cumulative US$38 billion in surpluses from 1982 to 1991; this brought the economy little direct benefit, however, as much of this was deposited abroad during that era of interest payment burdens and financial instability.

Economy Minister Domingo Cavallo enacted the Convertibility Law of 1991, pegging the monetary value of the Argentine peso to the United States dollar. The fixed exchange rate (1 peso to the dollar) allowed for a macroeconomic stabilization. Taking advantage of this low exchange rate, on the lower tariffs on imports and on the reappearance of credit after the free trade liberalization measures taken by President Carlos Menem's administration, Argentine firms and consumers tripled capital goods purchases from 1990 to 1994, while depressed auto sales rose by fivefold. The influx of imported machines and supplies helped the modernization of the country's industrial base; but it negatively impacted its trade balance, which accumulated US$22 billion in deficits from 1992 to 1999; the current account deficit, which would include growing foreign debt interest payments and deficits in trade in services, reached a record deficit of US$14 billion in 1998 alone.

Relying on sizable foreign investment inflows to balance the current account, these did not suffice and the Central Bank was again forced to resort to borrowing to protect the peso's value against such pressure (mostly by floating bonds, then the most sought-after in the developing world). Recession helped lead to a US$1 billion surplus in 2000 and another US$6 billion in 2001; but it was too little, too late. Buffeted by generalized global instability and mounting capital flight, international markets massively shorted Argentine bonds in the second half of 2001 and on December 23, following a spate of unpopular crisis measures, the Argentine government declared a default on US$85 billion of its bonds - the largest sovereign debt default in history.

Crisis and recovery
Immediately after the collapse of the Argentine economy at the end of 2001 and the devaluation of the peso in 2002, imports fell over half and Argentina's trade surplus soared to over US$16 billion, providing for the first current account surplus since 1990. As recovery ensued and the exchange rate stabilized around 3 pesos/dollar, exports (mainly soy, cereals and other agricultural products, as well as machinery and fuels) grew steadily.

Imports began recovering sharply in 2003, as both the purchasing power of the peso and domestic demand increased, and, despite this, from 2003 to 2011 the nation's merchandise trade balance recorded a cumulative US$115 billion in surpluses. These surpluses were bolstered as much by growing exports as by a marked recovery in terms of trade for Argentina, which by 2010 had improved 40% over the level prevailing in the 1990s. The nation's perennial trade deficit in manufactures widened during this expansion, however, and exceeded US$30 billion in 2011. Accordingly, the system of non-automatic import licensing was extended in 2011, and regulations were enacted for the auto sector establishing a model by which a company's future imports would be determined by their exports (though not necessarily in the same rubric). Domestic production grew to supply the majority of the Argentine market in a number of important rubrics historically dominated by imports amid these changes, including diverse manufactures such as information technology, major appliances, footwear, and farm machinery.

A collapse in global commodity prices in 2014 led to trade deficits for most of the 2015-18 period, culminating in a record current account deficit in 2017 of US$31 billion and an ensuing foreign debt crisis. The 2018 crisis, however, pushed imports down by 37% from 2017 to 2020, yielding US$50 billion in cumulative trade surpluses from 2019 to 2022 despite a 92% recovery in imports from 2020 to 2022 - though practically nil in total current account surpluses, due to higher foreign debt interest outlays.

Trade in services has historically been in deficit for Argentina, as both travel and foreign debt interest outlays often far outstrip services income. Annual services deficits averaged around US$5 billion in the 1980s and 1990s (mainly due to foreign debt payments) - but after the 2001 crisis, fell to around US$1 billion annually until 2007. Services deficits rose steadily afterward to a record US$9.7 billion in 2017, then easing to US$3.6 billion by 2021 - but jumping to around US$7 billion in 2022, largely as a result of renewed outbound travel by Argentines.

Argentine foreign trade and current account balances
Argentine goods and services trade balances, and foreign debt, 1970-2022 (million US$):

Mercosur
Mercosur—the customs union that includes Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay—entered into force January 1, 1995; Bolivia, Chile, and Venezuela joined the pact subsequently as associate members. Cooperation between Brazil and Argentina (historic competitors) is the key to Mercosur's integration process, which includes political and military elements in addition to a customs union; Brazil accounts for 74% of Mercosur GDP and Argentina about 23%. Argentine intra-Mercosur trade rose dramatically from US$4 billion in 1991 to US$23 billion in 1998; it declined to US$9 billion during the 2002 crisis, but recovered quickly and reached US$44 billion in 2011 (28% of the Argentine total). More than 90% of intra-Mercosur trade is duty-free, while the group's common external tariff (CET) applies to more than 85% of imported goods. Remaining goods will be phased into the CET by 2006.

Brazil's higher level of industrialization and production capacity, as well as other economic asymmetries, have been a source of tension with Argentina. Following the 2001-02 crisis, Argentina's recovering industrial sector has pressured the government to obtain restrictions (especially quotas) on Mercosur's free trade regulations, in order to protect their growth from what they see as disloyal competition from their larger partner to the north. Exports to Brazil helped lessen the impact of the crisis on the industrial sector somewhat, though Argentina's intra-Mercosur trade yielded it a cumulative US$15 billion deficit from 2004 to 2008. A renewed devaluation of the peso contributed to a US$700 million surplus with Mercosur in 2009, though deficits of US$1.8 billion were recorded in 2010 and 2011.

Argentine trade with fellow Mercosur nations reached US$35 billion in 2022, and as in most years remained in deficit for Argentina with US$15.8 billion in exports and US$19.3 billion in imports. Mercosur buys 68% of Argentine exports of motor vehicles and auto parts, and these made up three-eights of total exports to the bloc in 2022.

China
Trade with China was negligible until 1992; it later grew rapidly and by 2010, China became Argentina's second largest trading partner. Argentine exports to the Asian giant are mainly soy, beef, barley and, increasingly, lithium carbonate - while imports are mainly industrial and consumer goods. Modest Argentine surpluses with China turned into deficits in 2008, however, and anti-dumping measures enacted subsequently triggered a Chinese boycott of its top Argentine import, soy oil, in 2010. Following trade negotiations, soy oil purchases from China resumed in 2011.

Argentina's merchandise trade deficit with China has mostly grown since then, reaching US$9.5 billion on US$17.5 billion in imports by 2022; China is now Argentina's leading source of imports by nation, with 21.5%.

These deficits have, in recent years, been partly financed by China itself by way of foreign exchange swaps. The two central banks first established these swap facilities in 2017, and expanded them to 130 billion yuan ($19.2 billion) in December 2018. In November 2022, Argentina and China agreed to add another 35 billion yuan (US$5.2 billion).

China has become the largest investor in Argentina's growing lithium mining sector, which by 2030 is projected by JPMorgan Chase to become the second-largest in the world - only behind Australia.

United States
The United States replaced the United Kingdom in the 1920s as both the leading source of manufactures and of imports overall. The U.S. share of imports and exports remained relatively stable at around 20% and 10%, respectively, until 2002; these proportions declined steadily afterward and by 2010, were approximately half the historical percentages. The U.S. has largely maintained a moderate trade surplus with Argentina, however. This surplus reached US$3.7 billion in 1998. The Argentine crisis led to modest bilateral deficits for the U.S. in 2002-05 - but U.S. surpluses returned in 2006, growing to a record US$6.6 billion by 2014 before stabilizing.

Petrochemicals, gold, silver, and aluminum are the leading Argentine exports to the U.S., and wine the leading Argentine consumer good in the U.S. market; Argentine imports are in turn mainly industrial. Fresh Argentine beef was exported to the U.S. market in 1997 for the first time in over 60 years, and in 1999 its export quota of 20,000 tons was filled. Beef exports to the U.S. were suspended in August 2000 when Argentine cattle near the border with Paraguay (whose authorities refuse to vaccinate cattle against highly contagious hoof and mouth disease) were discovered to have anti-bodies for the infection. The quota was reinstated in early 2002 and has since averaged 28,000 tons.

The Obama administration suspended Argentine participation in the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) in 2012, citing a failure to pay arbitration payments awarded by the World Bank's ICSID to a number of U.S. firms adversely impacted by the 2002 devaluation of the peso. The GSP benefit (US$18 million in 2011) is relatively minimal, equaling 0.4% of Argentine exports to the U.S. of US$4.2 billion.

U.S.-Argentine trade has nevertheless grown - albeit slowly - and Argentina remains one of a few countries with which the U.S. routinely maintains a merchandise trade surplus. Mutual trade reached nearly US$20 billion in 2022, with US$6.9 billion in U.S. imports from Argentina and US$13 billion in exports to Argentina.

Trade in services with Argentina has been especially advantageous for the U.S., with Argentina's services deficit with the U.S. reaching US$5 billion in 2019 - the entirety for that year.

European Union
Argentina has a thriving and longstanding trade relationship with the European Union, as well as close historic and cultural ties dating to the colonial era that spanned 300 years until independence in 1816.

European investment and immigration dramatically reshaped Argentina after 1880 - and the British Empire in particular dominated Argentine trade with over a third of the total until World War I, buying mainly meats and cereals in exchange for a wide variety of consumer and industrial goods.

Argentine trade with Europe gradually declined in relation to other partner nations and regions. But the EU is still Argentina's third largest trading partner (after Brazil and China) and accounted for 13% of total Argentine trade in 2022, or US$22 billion - nearly balanced between exports to the EU (US$10.8 billion) and imports (US$11.1 billion). Argentina's main exports to the EU are processed agricultural products (38%), chemical products (21%) and fish and seafood (8%). The EU exports to Argentina mainly manufactured products, such as machinery and appliances (28%) and chemical products, including pharmaceutical products (29%).

Trade in services, which was relatively stable until 2019, was temporarily affected during the COVID pandemic - to later rebound. In 2020, the EU imported services from Argentina worth 1.6 billion euros, while it exported services worth 3.5 billion euros.

Argentina is also an important investment destination for European companies, particularly Spain. The stock of investments from the EU was 35.8 billion euros in 2020, making the EU, as a bloc, the top foreign investor in the country. Some 21 EU member states have signed agreements for the promotion and reciprocal protection of investments with Argentina, and as of 2022, the European Investment Bank had a portfolio of loans amounting to € 655 million in Argentina (including loans under preparation).

Intellectual property issues
Argentina adheres to most treaties and international agreements on intellectual property. It is a member of the World Intellectual Property Organization and signed the Uruguay Round agreements in December 1993, including measures related to intellectual property. However, extension of adequate patent protection to pharmaceuticals has been a highly contentious bilateral issue.

In May 1997, the U.S. suspended 50% of Argentina's GSP benefits because of its allegedly unsatisfactory pharmaceutical patent law. In May 1999, The U.S. Government initiated consultations under World Trade Organization procedures to address these inadequacies and expanded the consultations in May 2007.

Foreign trade by type of product
Argentine foreign trade in 2022 by type of product (million US$):

Argentine exports by type of product, 1993-2022 (million US$):

Foreign trade by leading export destinations
Argentine foreign trade in 2022 by leading export destinations, and chief exports and imports with each (million US$):

Exports by province
Argentine exports in 2022 by province and type (million US$):

title: Foreign trade of Argentina


text:
Market Weighton Axis

The Market Weighton Axis is a geological feature which forms the south-eastern part of Yorkshire, England. The feature goes under a number of names such as 'block' or 'area' while the name of the town, Market Weighton is retained. 'Block' seems to be the most modern version but the most distinctive and widely known is 'axis'.

It takes the form of a ridge of tectonic uplift which has progressed during the period of deposition of the newer rocks from at least the end of the Triassic (205 million years ago) onwards. Its uplift has more or less kept pace with the deposition so that on the north and south sides of it, each stratum thins to nothing and in most cases, picks up again on the other side.

During the Carboniferous, the relationship between the Market Weighton Axis and the London-Brabant Massif affected the weaker rocks between them so influencing the geography at the surface. Features in the intervening district were the Widmerpool Gulf and the equatorial swamps which led to the deposition of the Nottinghamshire and Leicestershire coalfields.

title: Market Weighton Axis


text:
Jame Retief

Jame Retief is the main character in a series of satirical science fiction stories by Keith Laumer. The stories were written over a span of thirty years beginning in the early 1960s, without much regard for chronology or any particular scheme.

Detailing the travails of Jame Retief in the Corps Diplomatique Terrestrienne (CDT), the stories have a base in Laumer's experiences in the United States Foreign Service, notably his time as vice consul in Burma in the 1950s. Reorganizations in the Foreign Service both before and after World War II were a source of considerable conflict at the time, as the diplomatic "old guard" were confronted with a new world situation and a new generation of diplomats, men like Laumer, who took a more pragmatic approach to the service. This conflict undoubtedly informs the Retief stories, in which stubborn and often ignorant superiors mired in bureaucracy cause him endless difficulties in the carrying out of his duties.

The first Retief story, Diplomat-at-Arms, appeared in the magazine Fantastic Science Fiction Stories (volume 9, number 1) in January 1960.

History, skills and appearance
Retief's physical appearance is rarely described and then only in the broadest of terms (for example, in Retief's War, it is stated that he is 6'3" tall), though his activities within the stories indicate that he is physically fit and quite athletic, with unusual upper-body strength. In the various stories, Retief can be found swimming, skiing, mountain climbing, scuba diving, combat driving, and piloting various types of air- and spacecraft. He also shows a wide knowledge of history, art, languages, and politics, usually beyond that of his superiors in the CDT.

According to Jan Strnad, who adapted several Retief stories into a comic book series published by Mad Dog Comics in the mid-80s, Laumer informed him that he had always pictured Retief as having black hair, and looking somewhat like Cary Grant. Laumer also indicated that he was displeased with the covers of the mid-80s Baen Books reprintings of the Retief books, since they presented Retief as a blond-haired character. The model for these book covers was Corbin Bernsen.

In many of the stories Retief is shown to have a taste for fine wine, though he doesn't hesitate to down a prospector's homemade booze if offered. He also enjoys fine cigars and fine food as well. One also notices that women in the storylines tend to fall for him even if they are already in relationships, and he behaves more like a gentleman than anyone while simultaneously being the most uncouth by disregarding Corps protocol.

The origins of the character's name are likely South African: "Retief" is an Afrikaans surname common among the descendants of French Huguenots in South Africa. During an interview with Paul Walker (found in "Speaking of Science Fiction", 1972), Laumer states: Inadvertently, I dredged the name Retief up from the depths of my subconscious; I could taste the flavor of the name, but I couldn't quite put my finger on it. I thought of various place names such as Tenerife and Recife and finally Retief popped into my mind. Many years later, Jack Gaughan pointed out to me that an actual historical character named Retief had lived in South Africa and had been massacred by the Zulus and been mentioned in an H. Rider Haggard novel, Marie. I had read the book but had no conscious recollection of it.

Algis Budrys noted that the name "Retief" is, approximately, "fighter pronounced backwards".

Themes
In the course of the stories, Retief encounters and resolves problems, usually between multiple parties, on numerous worlds. Whether establishing new missions on alien worlds, dealing with the clash of self-determination with established interests, preventing war, or solving cultural clashes, the devil is in the detail. He is master of derring-do, a cunning, fast-thinking, smooth-talking, tough brawler, solving problems through the rapid application of clever dealing, judicious violence, and complete disregard for the directives of the Corps and his immediate superiors. In contrast, most of his fellow diplomats in the CDT are protocol-obsessed, petty, small-minded, arrogant, ignorant, cowardly, and notoriously corrupt. Naturally Retief's career in the CDT is often stalled and he is very poorly regarded by his peers. The only member of the CDT who has any respect whatsoever for Retief's resourcefulness (grudging though it may be) is Retief's immediate superior, a feckless, pencil-pushing career bureaucrat named Ben Magnan who often ends up in the field with Retief.

Many stories begin with a quote from the official CDT history, praising the Corps' high-minded ideals and giving all the credit for the triumph in the following story to anyone other than Retief. Targets of bureaucratic and geo-political excess skewered by Laumer include hair-splitting diplomatic protocol (often represented by required dress — the early late evening hemidemisemi-formalwear, for example), meaningless awards (the fig leaf with clusters), the Cold War (the alien race known as the Groaci are direct analogues to the USSR in many stories), and a panoply of excruciatingly nuanced facial expressions, catalogued by number in the official CDT handbook, and exemplified in the following quote:

""A most perceptive observation, Chester", Earlyworm said, bestowing a 24-w (Gracious Condescension) leavened with a hint of 7-y (Expectation of Great Things in Due Course) on the lucky bureaucrat, at which his fellow underlings around the table were quick to bombard him with approbation, ranging from Faintlady's 12.7-x (Knew You Had It In You, Fella) to Felix's more restrained 119-a (We're All Pulling For You, Lad), to which he responded with a shy 3-v (Modest Awareness of Virtue). "In fact", Earlyworm interjected a Cold Return to Objectivity (91-s) into the lightning interplay of ritual grimacing ..."

Reception
Reviewing Galactic Diplomat, an early Retief collection, Algis Budrys reported that he "enjoyed the daylights out of this book, without for an instant being able to distinguish between one story and the next".

Theodore Sturgeon rather caustically dismissed the series in 1971, saying: "I find nothing admirable or amusing about lies and double-dealing ... What slams the ultimate lid on the whole scam is Laumer/Retief's light-hearted callousness toward one species or another of funny little green niggers".

Retief is featured in the Aldebaran III "world" (story) written by Peter Langston for Wander his text adventure game engine.

Connections to the Bolo series
The Retief stories seem to have a loose connection to the Bolo stories, also created by Laumer. Several Retief stories make references to the Concordiat of the Bolo series. There are hints that the Concordiat had ceased to exist by the time of Retief. There are also brief references of technology mentioned in the Bolo works. In the Retief story "Courier", a Bolo tank makes an appearance. In "Cultural Exchange", Bolo Model WV/1 tractors are mentioned for strip mining. They are Continental Siege Units with half-megaton-per-second firepower—plus a blade added for demolition work. However, it is not known whether or not Laumer intended for both series to be treated as one universe, or just have similar elements.

List of stories
The Retief stories (in order of publication) are:
 * "Diplomat-at-Arms", Fantastic, January 1960. In his gray-haired years, Retief goes undercover on a planet of cavaliers to see if the Emperor really has returned and is fomenting intergalactic war. Chronologically this is the last story in the series.
 * "The Frozen Planet" (aka "Courier"), If, September 1961. The CDT's toughest diplomat busts heads to reach a hardscrabble planet facing imminent invasion.
 * "Gambler's World" (aka "Palace Revolution"), If, November 1961. Dodging assassins, Retief and Magnan enter a gambling hall to find a kingpin gambling with his planet's future.
 * "The Yillian Way" (aka "Protocol"), If, January 1962. The Yill deliberately insult the Terran ambassadors, and only Retief will drop "protocol" and fight back.
 * "The Madman from Earth" (aka "Policy"), If, March 1962. Stationed on the Groaci home planet, Retief bucks policy and throttles necks to find Terran scouts who vanished nine years ago.
 * "Retief of the Red-Tape Mountain" (aka "Sealed Orders"), If, May 1962. Human settlers and ray-like "Flapjacks" feud in the desert, so Retief walks into enemy territory with a packet of sealed orders as his only weapon.
 * "Aide Memoire", If, July 1962. The Fustians are saddled with burdensome carapaces, rebellious youth, and Groaci advisors, until Retief pulls aside a few curtains.
 * "Cultural Exchange", If, September 1962. So-called "students", "tractors", and "baggage" are en route to an agricultural paradise, until Retief bobbles their paperwork.
 * "The Desert and the Stars" (aka "Protest Note"), If, November 1962. When the Aga Kaga's neo-Mongol hordes land on the planet Flamme, Retief volunteers to deliver the CDT's protest note - along with a stiff uppercut.
 * "Saline Solution", If, March 1963. Hardscrabble miners claim one asteroid, corporate lawyers offer a second, and Retief proves the third time's the charm.
 * "Mightiest Qorn" (aka "Ultimatum"), If, July 1963. The ostrich-like Qornt order the local Terrans to evacuate or suffer war, until Retief steps in.
 * Envoy to New Worlds, August 1963. First issued as Ace Double #F-223 with Flight from Yesterday by Robert Moore Williams. Collects "Protocol", "Sealed Orders", "Cultural Exchange", "Aide Memoire", "Policy" and "Palace Revolution". A Baen Books variant from April 1987, Retief: Envoy to New Worlds, adds "Rank Injustice".
 * "The Governor of Glave" (aka "Native Intelligence"), If, November 1963. On Glave, the proles have overthrown the technicians, and the infrastructure is falling apart - until Retief makes the rounds.
 * "The City That Grew in the Sea" (aka "Wicker Wonderland"), If, March 1964. The amphibious Poonians live on a vast floating mat of seagrass and wicker, but when Retief goes SCUBA diving, he uncovers a plot to make them homeless.
 * "The Prince and the Pirate", If, August 1964. The monarch is grounded by CDT's fuel embargo and about to be overthrown, while Retief is framed and thrown in jail.
 * "The Castle of Light", If, October 1964. On Yalc, the insectoids have abandoned their cities of glittering glass for the Voom Festival. The Groaci move in. And only Retief thinks to ask what "voom" means.
 * "Retief, God-Speaker" (aka "The Brass God"), If, January 1965. The Hoogans have gotten religion, and are determined to exterminate the Spisms and sacrifice Retief to Uk-Roopa-Tooty.
 * "Trick or Treaty", If, August 1965. On a planet where Terries are non grata, Retief employs a circus troupe to invade a battleship and thwart an invasion.
 * "Giant Killer", If, September 1965. The ambassador has accidentally agreed to destroy Crunderthush, a marauding dinosaur, and Retief is not allowed to help.
 * Galactic Diplomat, 1965. Collects "Ultimatum", "Saline Solution", "The Brass God", "The Castle of Light", "Wicker Wonderland", "Native Intelligence", "The Prince and the Pirate", "Courier" and "Protest Note".
 * Retief's War, serialised in three parts in If, October, November and December 1965, first book publication 1966. The planet Quopp sports organic-mechanic life forms that resemble everything from electric dragonflies to living tanks and helicopters, and every tribe wars with every other. The Groaci back the most thuggish tribe to conquer every other tribe as slaves or zombies. Ducking out of the embassy, Retief runs through the jungle to unite the tribes as a resistance army and to rescue some lost Terries. He just needs to avoid being captured, tortured, shot, stomped, or eaten.
 * "Dam Nuisance", If, March 1966. The North Squeem have Groaci, guns, and all the region's water behind a brand new dam - but the South Squeem have Retief.
 * "Truce or Consequences", If, November 1966. The multi-tentacled Blorts and Gloians have been fighting for two hundred years and now can't remember why, so Retief visits what's left of the university to find out.
 * "Forest in the Sky", If, February 1967. The Groaci have designs on a planet of immense trees and its free-floating inhabitants. Retief hopes to intervene, if he's not eaten first.
 * "Retief, War Criminal" (aka "The Forbidden City"), If, April 1967. The Sulinoreans are fading away and the Groaci are moving in, until Retief finds unsuspected allies in the Forbidden City.
 * "Clear as Mud" (aka "Grime and Punishment"), If, August 1967. On Slunch, Retief and Magnan hold the fort against mud volcanoes, plant infestations, and rampaging rodents - until the ambassador lands and makes things worse.
 * Retief and the Warlords, 1968. The lobster-like "Hatracks" are encroaching on frontier "Terry" space. Retief and a rogue Hatrack survive the arena to try and win peace, but the biggest obstacles are idiot commanders on both sides with CDT klutzes muddying the middle.
 * Retief: Ambassador to Space, 1969. Collects "Giant Killer", "The Forbidden City", "Grime and Punishment", "Dam Nuisance", "Trick or Treaty", "The Forest in the Sky" and "Truce or Consequences".
 * "Retief, the Long-Awaited Master" (aka "Mechanical Advantage"), If, April 1969. When Terries and the Groaci claim the abandoned planet of Verdigris, Retief and Magnan get locked in the cellar, where they meet the forgotten inhabitants.
 * "The Piecemakers", If, May–June 1970. Lobbed between the warring Groaci and Slox, Retief and Magnan crash land on a planet with plans of its own.
 * "Ballots and Bandits", If, September–October 1970. The local chipmunk-beaver-folk are fighting about the upcoming election, and Retief is sent to win over the feistiest tribe, who submit him to The Ordeal.
 * "Pime Doesn't Cray", Worlds of If, January–February 1971. On Squal, where the locals look like spaghetti and speak in spoonerisms, Magnan has lost a Bolshoi-type ballet theater to the Groaci, and Retief has to steal it back.
 * "Retief, Insider" (aka "Internal Affair"), If, March–April 1971. On a planet ravaged by hurricane winds, Retief and Magnan learn the local amoeba-folk have a unique solution to housing.
 * Retief of the CDT, July 1971. Collects "Ballots and Bandits", "Mechanical Advantage", "Pime Doesn't Cray", "Internal Affair" and "The Piecemakers".
 * Retief's Ransom (aka "The All-Together Planet"), If, September–October 1971. On the planet Lumbaga, the locals are conglomerates of free-floating organs who mix and match their appearance and fight continuously. The Groaci have some sinister plot afoot, but Retief first has to find his kidnapped boss Magnan.
 * "The Garbage Invasion", The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction, December 1972. A paradise planet is slated to become a Terran theme park or a Groaci dump or a Basuran slag heap, but Retief is there to turn garbage into gold.
 * "The Negotiators", Analog Science Fiction/Science Fact, February 1975. On the water world Sogood, the "Soggies" have failed to appear, so lowest-low Retief is dispatched to question the giant leprous polliwogs lounging on shore.
 * "The Hoob Melon Crisis", Retief: Emissary to the Stars, December 1975. In the land-grab for Froom 93, the Groaci introduce hoob melons, so Retief imports gribble-grubs.
 * "The Troubleshooter", Retief: Emissary to the Stars, December 1975. The planet Furtheron has been invaded by the omnivorous Basurans. The colonists need an army, but only get one lone diplomat and his trusty needle gun.
 * Retief: Emissary to the Stars, December 1975. First edition collects "The Hoob Melon Crisis", "The Garbage Invasion", an excerpt from Retief and the Warlords, "The Troubleshooter" and "The Negotiators". The 1979 edition adds "Giant Killer", "The Forest in the Sky" and "Trick or Treaty". The 1985 edition reprints the 1979 edition minus the novel excerpt. The 2016 SF Gateway edition is the 1975 edition with the novel excerpt removed and "Diplomat-at-Arms", "The Secret" and "The All-Together Planet" added.
 * Retief at Large, August 1978. Collects "Cultural Exchange", "Saline Solution", "The Castle of Light", "Wicker Wonderland", "The Brass God", "Mechanical Advantage", "Dam Nuisance", "Grime and Punishment", "The Forbidden City", "The Piecemakers", "Ballots and Bandits" and "Pime Doesn't Cray".
 * Retief Unbound, May 1979. Collects "Protocol", "Sealed Orders", "Aide Memoire", "Policy", "Palace Revolution" and Retief's Ransom.
 * "The Secret", Retief: Diplomat at Arms, October 1982. While the Groaci torture Magnan with old cowboy movies, Retief pursues a magical tea bag used by the local amoeba-people.
 * Retief: Diplomat at Arms, October 1982. Collects "Ultimatum", "Native Intelligence", "The Prince and the Pirate", "Courier", "Protest Note", "Truce or Consequences" and "The Secret".
 * Retief to the Rescue, February 1983. On the planet Furtheron, Retief must outwit the Groaci to end a civil war.
 * The Return of Retief, September 1984. The alien Ree seek to invade the human Tip Space: the CDT diplomats, hoping to win a truce, send an on-probation Retief to negotiate. This novel also includes "The Secret".
 * "Retief and the Pan-Galactic Pageant of Pulchritude", Retief and the Pangalactic Pageant of Pulchritude, March 1986. The planet Glorb hosts a beauty pageant that the Groaci plan to crash with battle cruisers. Retief has allies in a handful of aliens and the last Bengal Tiger in existence.
 * Retief and the Pangalactic Pageant of Pulchritude, March 1986. Includes "Retief and the Pan-Galactic Pageant of Pulchritude" and Retief's Ransom.
 * "Retief in the Ruins", Retief in the Ruins, November 1986. Retief is sent as an observer to the planet Popu-Ri, where humans and Groaci are both plotting to steal alien secrets.
 * "There is a Tide", Retief in the Ruins, November 1986. Retief uncovers a Groaci plan to turn the planet Slub into a resort.
 * "The Woomy", Retief in the Ruins, November 1986. Retief sets out to foil a Groaci attempt to use a local superstition to dominate the planet Snotch.
 * Retief in the Ruins, November 1986. Collects "Retief in the Ruins", "There is a Tide" and "The Woomy".
 * "Rank Injustice", New Destinies, March 1987. A ship bearing 400 alien ambassadors sees every one pull rank to take command when it is holed by a meteor, leaving Retief and Magnan to investigate who planted the meteor.
 * Reward for Retief, February 1989. Retief is assigned to Zany-Doo, a world where thoughts can influence reality.
 * Retief and the Rascals, May 1993. Retief is tasked with stopping the Groaci invading the planet Bloor.
 * Retief!, January 2002. Collects the contents of Envoy to New Worlds and Galactic Diplomat, Retief's War and "Diplomat-at-Arms", edited by Eric Flint
 * Retief's Peace, September 2005. Created by Keith Laumer, written by William H. Keith. The imperialistic Krll have started a Peace Movement to drum Terries off the planet, while Retief may be drummed out of the CDT.

title: Jame Retief


text: User talk:131.155.69.249

title: User talk:131.155.69.249


text:
User:John Z/drafts/Allon Plan

 * Good point. Another few points.  The settlers did not own their homes, they leased them from the government of Israel.  As a condition of their lease, they had to sign a document that they were living their on the sufferance of the government of Israel, and would leave if the government demanded.  Some have applied to become PA citizens, even at the cost of relinquishing their Israeli citizenship - don't know what happened to these guys recently. So this appears to be nothing but a mass eviction of people by their landlord, who may not have legitimate title to the land, and whose original actions placing them there is generally considered illegal.  It would be remarkable to include this as an instance of ethnic cleansing and not the  people who were displaced when the settlements were built, who are generally considered to have had better title to the land.

http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/06/16/AR2005061601379.html

Before I forget, there was a then pretty surprising Ha'aretz article a month or so ago about a Shin Bet study, sadly, accurately enough, predicting a  "third wave of Jewish terrorism" (Shin Bet's phrase)   Would be useful as a good encyclopedic historical reference, too, though I doubt the Shin Bet original is public. Would have added, but the Ha'aretz article was vandalized when I looked at it again - not just a Wikipedia problem Anybody else see it?, I'll try to dig it up again if I can.John Z 02:51, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

From Bush, Mideast Words to Act On

By Zbigniew Brzezinski and William B. Quandt

Friday, June 17, 2005; Page A31

The statement President Bush delivered at the conclusion of his recent meeting with Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas deserves serious attention. It has been much discussed by the Israeli press but drew scant commentary in the U.S. media. The president, in his formal presentation, declared that any final- status agreement between Palestinians and Israelis "must be reached between the two parties, and changes to the 1949 armistice lines must be mutually agreed to."

Lest there be any misunderstanding, the president said that "Israel should not undertake any activity that contravenes road map obligations or prejudices final- status negotiations with regard to Gaza, the West Bank and Jerusalem. . . . A viable two-state solution must ensure contiguity of the West Bank. And a state of scattered territories will not work. There must also be meaningful linkages between the West Bank and Gaza. This is the position of the United States today. It will be the position of the United States at the time of final- status negotiations."

Bush's declaration was a significant and helpful restatement of some long-held American positions. If these principles are actively embedded in Washington's policies over the months ahead, they could help further the president's stated goals of resolving the long-running Israeli-Palestinian conflict, promoting democracy in the Middle East and undercutting support for Islamist terrorism.

Thirty-eight years ago this month, Israeli forces occupied the Sinai Peninsula, the West Bank (including East Jerusalem) and Gaza, and the Syrian Golan Heights. At the time, and without much discussion, President Lyndon B. Johnson made the decision that Israel should be allowed to hold on to the captured Arab territories until the Arabs were ready to make peace with Israel and offer recognition and security. This "land for peace" principle was later embodied in U.N. Resolution 242 and ever since has formed the touchstone for all considerations of Arab-Israeli peace.

Johnson, while very supportive of Israel, went on record as saying that the future borders of Israel "should not reflect the weight of conquest" and that any adjustments to the borders that prevailed before the June 1967 war should be small and mutually agreed to. Since those foundational statements on the territorial aspect of a peace settlement, U.S. policy under successive presidents did not change in any significant way until last year.

Then, in a letter to Ariel Sharon in April 2004, Bush seemed to accept the Sharon government's position that new "facts on the ground" -- namely Israeli settlements in the West Bank -- made it unrealistic to think that Israel should ever withdraw to the old armistice lines of 1949. He said then that "it is unrealistic to expect that the outcome of final-status negotiations will be a full and complete return to the armistice lines of 1949." (Bush also stated that Palestinian refugees should not expect to return to Israel proper as part of any peace settlement.) The Bush letter was widely seen as a triumph for Sharon. For the first time, an American president had openly sided with the current Israeli view that the passage of time and new realities obviated Israel's obligation to withdraw more or less to the 1967 lines (essentially the same as the 1949 armistice lines) in return for peace, recognition and security.

The president's recent elaboration of U.S. policy is essentially a reaffirmation of the traditional American view that the 1949 armistice lines should be the starting point for any discussion of border changes and that changes in them cannot be one-sided. Much like his predecessors, the president also said last month that "Israel must continue to take steps toward a peaceful future and work with the Palestinian leadership to improve the daily lives of Palestinians, especially their humanitarian situation."

The question inevitably arises of whether the president meant what he said and how in practice he can reconcile his commitment to Sharon with the May 26 statement. We will have an early clue when Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice visits the area next week. Will she reaffirm what the president said about the 1949 lines (including Jerusalem) and the need for mutual agreement for any changes in them? So far we have few indications that the Bush administration has decided to make the kind of commitment that would be needed.

Yet the president has a clear incentive to make that effort, and were he to do so he could count on broad bipartisan support from the American public. All of his ambitious and valuable goals in the Middle East would be helped immeasurably by a successful conclusion of Israeli-Palestinian peace negotiations.

For the next few months the Israeli- Palestinian agenda is likely to be dominated by the impending Israeli withdrawal from Gaza and by Palestinian elections. But before year- end the moment of truth for the Bush administration will arrive, and the president will have to decide whether to live up to the words he spoke last month by injecting a sense of urgency into the search for a final-status Israeli- Palestinian peace, or whether to settle for another interim agreement, as preferred by Sharon.

We both worked with a president -- Jimmy Carter -- who decided to go all out to achieve Israeli-Egyptian peace. We also know that any major American peace initiative in the Middle East can be politically costly and immensely time- consuming. Yet without a truly serious U.S. initiative, the parties will never reach a fair and lasting peace. In terms of the American national interest, exercising presidential leadership was the right thing to do in 1978-79, and it is the right thing to do in 2005.

Zbigniew Brzezinski was national security adviser to President Jimmy Carter, and William B. Quandt was a senior member of his staff with responsibility for the Middle East.

http://incontext.blogmosis.com/archives/028534.html

http://www.zoa.org/pressrel2005/20050527a.htm

http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2005/05/20050526.html

The first refers to the June 19, 1967 11-10 cabinet decision to return the Sinai and Golan to Egypt and Syria. However, this decision was quite secret at the time, and the consensus is now that an offer was never in fact made. No Egyptians or Syrians ever heard of the offer at the time and their archives have been searched for it without finding anything. The US was to be the intermediary, and the US was told of the plan by Israel, but not that it was to send it on to the Arabs. It is a real historical tragedy - as far as I can tell, the person most to blame for the intentional not-telling was Abba Eban. The various concessions were minor after the war - in comparison to territorial loss, but major points before it, like freedom of navigation through Suez and Tiran, etc. "relatively minor" might be the best wording in this general article to save space. "Israel maintains" is wrong. Some Israelis who are unreliable sources) is b

The second refers to Sadat's February 1971 response to the Jarring initiative, something important enough that I am slowly writing an article around it. The "unreasonable part" is not good here, as when one describes diplomatic offers one should keep as close to the actual text of the formal response as possible - governments weigh each word and comma very carefully, and we should respect that. The reason for the rejection was simply that it asked for complete withdrawal to the old international border.John Z 20:14, 4 September 2005 (UTC)

http://print.google.com/print?id=yoMC5R6sF0EC&pg=PA253&lpg=PA253&dq=%22cabinet+decision%22+intitle:iron+intitle:wall&prev=http://print.google.com/print%3Fas_q%3D%26num%3D10%26value%253D%2522%2522%3D%26btnG%3DGoogle%2BSearch%26as_epq%3Dcabinet%2Bdecision%26as_oq%3D%26as_eq%3D%26as_vt%3Diron%2Bwall%26as_auth%3D%26as_pub%3D%26as_isbn%3D&sig=Wm5lfURWEim7QfMug-pzeKTLz7w

http://print.google.com/print?id=yoMC5R6sF0EC&lpg=PA253&dq=%22cabinet+decision%22+intitle:iron+intitle:wall&prev=http://print.google.com/print%3Fas_q%3D%26num%3D10%26value%253D%2522%2522%3D%26btnG%3DGoogle%2BSearch%26as_epq%3Dcabinet%2Bdecision%26as_oq%3D%26as_eq%3D%26as_vt%3Diron%2Bwall%26as_auth%3D%26as_pub%3D%26as_isbn%3D&pg=PA254&sig=4GeRV74rCW8xr2J0vhB6pzz2Hvc

http://print.google.com/print?id=yoMC5R6sF0EC&lpg=PA253&dq=%22cabinet+decision%22+intitle:iron+intitle:wall&prev=http://print.google.com/print%3Fas_q%3D%26num%3D10%26value%253D%2522%2522%3D%26btnG%3DGoogle%2BSearch%26as_epq%3Dcabinet%2Bdecision%26as_oq%3D%26as_eq%3D%26as_vt%3Diron%2Bwall%26as_auth%3D%26as_pub%3D%26as_isbn%3D&pg=PA254&sig=4GeRV74rCW8xr2J0vhB6pzz2Hvc

Using Herzog's account of the June 19th cabinet decision is problematic. First, that it was in response to a famous speech by Ben-Gurion suggesting (near) complete withdrawal should be mentioned. Second, it has become clear that the offer was not actually transmitted to the Arab governments. The US was informed of the offer, but was not informed that Israel wanted them to transmit the offer. IMHO this is one of the real tragedies of the conflict; it did not have to happen as it did, and if it hadn't, history would have been different and probably less bloody. Arab archives have been searched without finding any offer, no one remembers such an offer, no documents have surfaced on the Israeli side either - e.g. no rejection letters. Shlaim's Iron Wall has an account of this, or note this review by him " In fact, no offer was ever made . . "  There was a very recent book published in Israel that covers the matter and gives even more evidence, but I can't remember the name or the reference I saw it in right now. John Z 06:02, 5 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Aiden, I am very glad to see this, but I think you still may not entirely understand Wikipedia's policy of neutrality. Of course we strive to present neutrally worded cited information that every editor can agree on, but sometimes this is not possible because there is a genuine scholarly debate about a matter.  We then try to present both sides as fairly as we can, not decide which is right.  In this case,  the only choice is to get your own "bogus, one-sided, bigot sources and add them to the article."  In my opinion,  most of the things you have a problem with however don't need this kind of treatment, but should at most be reworded, modified or replaced by something presenting a scholarly consensus view.  One of the good things about the conflict is that the scholarly narratives of each side are slowly but surely converging, once they completely talked past each other.   Take a look at 9.7 Lack of neutrality as an excuse to delete on WP:NPOV - if you think these sections need improvement try to follow that.

See also Guidelines_for_controversial_articles, NPOV_tutorial In general I think it is a good idea to go into much detail about the background to the war - everyone agrees that it is very complicated, and some things are still debated. The war started because both sides had to be Mr. Tough Guy, but neither side really wanted war - at least I would say that is the most popular scholarly view - and this naturally made for a complex runup to war, for which there should be more not less. Getting down to particulars, I disagree about Finkelstein. Many other sources could be used for this, but something is better than nothing here. It is an accepted fact that the Syrian border troubles were a major cause of the war. Describing how they happened is relevant. About the Egyptian FM, there are two issues. First the actual writing - I think we should trust that the reader understands that he will present the Egyptian POV - so "punitive" is neutral here, while "retaliatory" is not. Wikipedia does not present "NPOV sources" - just accurately attributed respectable ones - in a political matter, one can hardly avoid using biased politicians. The second is the presence of this

title: User:John Z/drafts/Allon Plan


text:
Adam Phillips (psychologist)

Adam Phillips (19 September 1954 ) is a British psychoanalytic psychotherapist and essayist.

Since 2003 he has been the general editor of the new Penguin Modern Classics translations of Sigmund Freud. He is also a regular contributor to the London Review of Books.

Joan Acocella, writing in The New Yorker, described Phillips as "Britain's foremost psychoanalytic writer", an opinion echoed by historian Élisabeth Roudinesco in Le Monde.

Life
Phillips was born in Cardiff, Wales, in 1954, the child of second-generation Polish Jews. He grew up as part of an extended family of aunts, uncles and cousins and describes his parents as "very consciously Jewish but not believing". As a child, his first interest was the study of tropical birds and it was not until adolescence that he developed an interest in literature. He was educated at Clifton College.

He went on to study English at St John's College, Oxford, graduating with a third class degree. His defining influences are literary; he was inspired to become a psychoanalyst after reading Carl Jung's autobiography and he has always believed psychoanalysis to be closer to poetry than medicine: "For me, psychoanalysis has always been of a piece with the various languages of literature—a kind of practical poetry." He began his training soon after leaving Oxford, underwent four years of analysis with Masud Khan and qualified to practice at the age of 27. He had a particular interest in children's psychological well-being and began working as a child psychotherapist: "one of the pleasures of child psychotherapy is that it is, as it were, psychoanalysis for a non-psychoanalytic audience."

From 1990 to 1997, he was principal child psychotherapist at Charing Cross Hospital in London. Phillips worked in the National Health Service for seventeen years, but became disillusioned with its tightening bureaucratic demands. He currently divides his time between writing and his private practice in Notting Hill. For a number of years, he was in a relationship with the academic Jacqueline Rose. He has been a visiting professor at the University of York English department since 2006.

Literary presence
Phillips is a regular contributor to the London Review of Books. He has been described by The Times as "the Martin Amis of British psychoanalysis" for his "brilliantly amusing and often profoundly unsettling" work, and by John Banville as "one of the finest prose stylists in the language, an Emerson of our time." His approach to the new Freud edition is consistent with his own ideas about psychoanalysis, which he considers to be a form of rhetorical persuasion. He has published essays on a variety of themes, including the work of literary figures such as Charles Lamb, Walter Savage Landor and William Empson, as well as on philosophy and psychoanalysis; he has also written Winnicott in the Fontana Modern Masters series.

In an essay for The Baffler, Sam Adler-Bell described Phillips' style as "uniformly short, allusive, and elusive, preoccupied with contradiction and wordplay" while his work is motivated by an "impulse to trouble the norms, rules, models, and expectations that make us feel stuck, unable to think, or unable to want." Adler-Bell notes that Phillips' writing reflects his psychoanalytical ideals, particularly an interest in the qualities of free association: that is, "provisionality, curiosity, promiscuity, improvisation, and play."

Phillips is deeply opposed to any attempt to defend psychoanalysis as a science or even as a field of academic study, rather than simply, as he puts it, "a set of stories about how we can nourish ourselves to keep faith with our belief in nourishment, our desire for desire" —"stories [that] will sustain our appetite, which is, by definition, our appetite for life." His influences include D.W. Winnicott, Roland Barthes, Stanley Cavell and W.H. Auden.

Assessment
Phillips has been described as "perhaps the best theorist of the modes and malfunctions of modernist psychology". For his intellectual resources, Phillips "draws from philosophy, literature, politics amongst others. However, whilst this affords Phillips the opportunity to be expansive it also makes him a maverick", and others "suspicious of his work", so that he has been called "ludic and elusive and intellectually slippery." Indeed, "To his critics ... Phillips is little more than a charlatan about whom an alarming cult of personality is developing." He himself was opposed to "the idealization that is a refusal to know someone", and even in appraisal of the psychoanalytic greats thought that alongside "thoughtful consideration ... puerile consideration would not be the end of the world", in accordance with his enduring scepticism "about psychoanalysis ... it should be the opposite, the antidote to a cult."

On psychoanalysis
Phillips constantly refuses to "claim" any particular patch of psychoanalytic territory or even defend the value of psychoanalysis itself. "For me", he has said, "psychoanalysis is only one among many things you might do if you're feeling unwell—you might also try aromatherapy, knitting, hang-gliding. There are lots of things you can do with your distress. I don't believe psychoanalysis is the best thing you can do, even if I value it a great deal." He has also been alert to the possibility that "psychoanalysis ... disempowers in the name of knowing what's best ... at its worst it forces a pattern. It can make the links that should have been left to find their own way." In the end, he claims, "Psychoanalysis cannot enable the patient to know what he wants, but only to risk finding out."

On psychoanalysis and science he says, "I don't think psychoanalysts should have bought into the scientific model with such eagerness. I don't think psychoanalysis is a science or should aspire to be one."

Works
• Winnicott (1988)

• On Kissing, Tickling, and Being Bored: Psychoanalytic Essays on the Unexamined Life (1993)

• On Flirtation: Psychoanalytic Essays on the Uncommitted Life (1994)

• Terrors and Experts (1995)

• Monogamy (1996)

• The Beast in the Nursery: On Curiosity and Other Appetites (1998)

• Darwin's Worms: On Life Stories and Death Stories (1999)

• Promises, Promises (2000)

• Houdini's Box: On the Arts of Escape (2001)

• Equals: On Inhibition, Mockery, Hierarchy, and the Pleasures of Democracy (2002)

• Going Sane (2005)

• Side Effects (2006)

• Intimacies (with Leo Bersani, 2008)

• On Kindness (with Barbara Taylor, 2009)

• On Balance (2010)

• The Concise Dictionary of Dress (with Judith Clark, 2010)

• Missing Out: In Praise of the Unlived Life (2012)

• Becoming Freud: The Making of a Psychoanalyst (Yale UP, 2014)

• Unforbidden Pleasures (Penguin, 2015)

• In Writing (Penguin, 2017)

• Attention Seeking (Penguin, 2019)

• On Wanting To Change (Penguin, 2021)

• On Getting Better (Penguin, 2021)

• The Cure For Psychoanalysis (Karnac Books, 2021)

• On Giving Up (2024)

title: Adam Phillips (psychologist)


text:
Minlaton, South Australia

Minlaton is a town in central Yorke Peninsula, South Australia. It is known as the "Barley capital of the world", due to the rich Barley production in the region.

Minlaton was the hometown of Harry Butler, a World War I flying ace. His Bristol M1C monoplane has been restored and is preserved in pride of place in a building the centre of the town. When he flew an air mail run from Adelaide across Gulf St Vincent to Minlaton in 1919, it was the first over-water flight in the Southern Hemisphere.

Minlaton is in the District Council of Yorke Peninsula, the federal Division of Grey and the state electoral district of Narungga.

Climate
Minlaton, like most of the Yorke Peninsula, has a dry mediterranean climate bordering on semi-arid. Annual rainfall is around 360 mm, most of which falls in the winter months.

title: Minlaton, South Australia


text:
User talk:CBauk

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Talk:James Whitcomb

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Talk:Joseph A. Wright

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Governor Joseph A. Wright entered the Indiana Seminary (later Indiana University) in 1825 as one of its first students. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.50.46.126 (talk) 10:45, 28 January 2009 (UTC)

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