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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/A Box Full of Sharp Objects

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was redirect. Woohookitty 10:02, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

A Box Full of Sharp Objects
Non notable song BrowardHick 07:13, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to The Used, if they exist and pass WP:MUSIC. If not, delete. Radiant_ >|< 14:49, August 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * REDIRECT to The Used. This appears to be one of the band's singles and an album owned by a subsidiary of Warner Music.  I'm not sure if the contributor who posted the lyrics has the authority to release the song lyrics in full on Wikipedia (nothing in the talk page about it); it's not fair use.--Farnkerl 17:54, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to The Used - Tεx  τ  urε  16:26, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: Wikipedia:WikiProject Deletion sorting/Kentucky

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Mary Vinton Folberg

Mary Vinton Folberg is the former Head of School at Northwest Academy, a former teacher, and former dancer. She was Miss Oregon in 1958. She founded the dance program at Jefferson High School in Portland, Oregon, which has become internationally recognized within the dance community. The performing leg of the Jefferson High School dance department is The Jefferson Dancers, which performs locally, nationally, and occasionally even internationally. The Portland, Oregon, newsweekly Willamette Week has referred to The Jefferson Dancers as "Portland's best dance company". Mary also has two twin daughters, Lisa and Rachel Folberg. After leaving Jefferson High School in 1995, Folberg founded The Northwest Academy, which is an independent, college-preparatory, middle- and high-school program in downtown Portland with a unique academic and arts partnership. She was born in 1940, and holds degrees in literature and dance and taught in California and Oregon public schools. Fohlberg is the 2013 recipient of Portland Monthly magazine's Light A Fire Award for Lifetime Achievement. She also is the recipient of a 1981 Kennedy Center Award for Excellence in Arts Education and the Metropolitan Arts Commission (now Regional Arts & Culture Council) Award in 1982, 1988, and 1989.

Mary Vinton Folberg is the sister of Will Vinton, creator of Claymation. Folberg was featured in Images of Oregon Women, published by Madison Press.

title: Mary Vinton Folberg


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Wikipedia:WikiProject Deletion sorting/Webcomics

 * Related deletion sorting:
 * Comics and animation


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/ANZAC spirit

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was KEEP. Will tag for cleanup.-Splash 23:48, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

ANZAC spirit
Personal research BrowardHick 07:14, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Australia-related deletions.  -- Cyberjunkie | Talk 05:03, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Reserve. The article sucks and is massively POV, but the topic isn't inherently unencyclopedic.  --Apyule 07:52, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per Fernando Rizo and Agamemnon2. --Apyule 01:54, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep This is a common expression and idea used by Australian politicians. The article is very poor but the concept has been extensively studied.Many see The Anzac spirit as an integral part of defining what it is to be Australian. Personally I believe it is a load of bollocks but it is a definite concept and should be allowed to run.--Porturology 11:49, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I've got good old Marine Corps spirit, but note that mine is a red link. Subject doesn't strike me as encyclopedic, and if it is it can get a brief mention in ANZAC. Fernando Rizo TC 18:55, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * but American exceptionalism is in blue. Same crappy, outdated jingoistic thing.--Porturology 06:16, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep or redirect Trollderella 21:17, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Every darn nation in the world has its version of this concept, will we add them all next? (us Finns have this thing called "sisu"). --Agamemnon2 21:33, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Why not? I'm not even remotely Finnish, but I'd say sisu is quite a notable concept. -- Visviva 03:47, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Commonly used term throughout Australia and New Zealand. Needs a rewrite, though. Grutness...  wha?  02:58, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unencyclopedic. Nandesuka 13:06, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Needs a rewrite, but the concept seems notable enough Sam Vimes 21:21, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Needs a rewrite and expansion, but it is noteworthy. PredatorX 12:28, 26 August 2005 (GMT+12)
 * Keep Needs some work, and in particular needs some references, but it is a passable starting point. GregorB 22:24, August 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment the newly restored version is much better. I will add a good paper reference- it is not in public domain on the internet.
 * Delete as bullshit (I'm Australian, I can say that ;-). However, if it were rewritten entirely, I would suggest keep. I'd dispute the "right-wing" designation as well.--Cyberjunkie | Talk 05:03, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Are you saying that as an Australian you have never heard John Howard speak of the Anzac Legend/Spirit? I see that you are at the University of Adelaide. Look up the referance and it will give you plenty to read. The main point of this Vfd is to decide if a thing is notable enough for an encyclopaedia. This subject will offend some people's POV no matter what is written but that needs to be sorted out on the article's discussion page, not at VFD --Porturology 06:34, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep it exists, its studied at length in refereed journals, its part of Howard's common political rhetoric. Fifelfoo 06:58, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. How does such rubbish get into Wiki[edia. The first sentence used the word mythology. The second sentence uses the word myth. Following that is bollocks presented as fact, such as During the 1950s and 1960s, due to lack of observance of ANZAC day in general society, the idea of a unique ANZAC spirit began to fade. What garbage. The Anzac parades in Sydney during those years were huge. Yes, there is an Anzac spirit, (see Kiwis and Aussies partying together in London) but this article is a crock. Moriori 21:36, August 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Westfield Fountain Gate

Westfield Fountain Gate is a super-regional shopping centre located in Narre Warren in the south-eastern suburbs of Melbourne, Australia. It is the second largest shopping centre in Australia by both floor area and number of anchor tenants. However, it is the largest shopping centre in Australia with all 3 discount department stores, Big W, Target and Kmart.

History
The Fountain Gate Shopping Centre, constructed by Overland Construction Corporation, was inaugurated by the Governor of Victoria, Sir Henry Winneke, on March 11th, 1980. Initially, the centre boasted two major retailers: Kmart and Coles New World. Alongside them were 48 other shops and the Hotel Fountain Gate, a pub and restaurant. In 1984, a Safeway supermarket was erected to the south of Kmart, enriching the centre's offerings.

The evolution continued in 1988 with the addition of a second floor to the shopping complex. This expansion welcomed a Forges department store (now Target), a Harry Heath’s Supermarket (later replaced with a relocated Coles New World), a food court, and an array of 40 more shops. The following September saw the inauguration of the adjacent homemaker centre.

The centre underwent significant redevelopment when it was acquired by the Westfield Group in July 1995. This redevelopment transformed the centre into a much larger complex, culminating in 2001. Notable additions included a new eastern wing on the ground floor, featuring a revamped food court, an entertainment precinct housing a Village cinema, a Big W department store, an Aldi supermarket, a relocated Safeway (later rebranded as Woolworths), and various specialty shops. Additionally, a BI-LO supermarket was added to the second floor alongside an array of more shops.

Furthermore, the former Safeway premises were repurposed to accommodate additional stores, including the Reject Shop, a Dimmeys (later replaced with Harris Scarfe), an Australian Post office, and various other shops.

A major expansion of the complex took place between 2011 and 2012. Approved by the City of Casey in December 2007, the extension featured a new two-level 12,000m2 Myer store, a new 4,200m2 Coles store, in a new location near the former BI-LO, with the existing store shell being reconfigured with space for two new minor anchor stores, as well as providing increased retail space for Target, which increased from 6,884m2 to 8,368m2. David Jones had been set to open a store in the new expansion but terminated the contract with Westfield in July 2010, with Myer replacing David Jones in the expansion. David Jones had been trying to exit its contract with Westfield Group since 2003 as Fountain Gate did not fit the company's strategy or target demographic. Four new minor anchor retail spaces were constructed, as well as 114 new specialty store spaces and 1,500 new car parking spaces, with new ground-level parking surrounding the centre and new rooftop parking above the new mall areas.

It is the location of the first-ever Krispy Kreme in Victoria.

A new building has been added to the complex which is the City of Casey's vibrant new entertainment precinct, it is the creative and community heart of the region. This is the new home of the Narre Warren Library.

In popular culture
Fountain Gate Shopping Centre is named as the mall frequented by the characters in the popular television series Kath & Kim. Scenes in the show are filmed at Fountain Gate and at another Westfield complex, Westfield Southland.

Fountain Gate Shopping Centre was a filming location in the feature film Bad Eggs where, in the first scene, a car rolls into the actual shopping centre; in the film, the mall is named Crystal Heights Shop Kingdom.

Transport
Narre Warren railway station is approximately 1 km away from the centre and is linked by a number of bus routes to Westfield Fountain Gate. Some regional buses also stop at Fountain Gate.

The Hallam Bypass, a new section of the Monash Freeway opened in 2003, passes beside the complex and can be viewed from the windows in the food court. A trail known as the Hallam Bypass Trail, constructed at the same time, runs beside the centre on the north-east side, providing access for cyclists and pedestrians.

title: Westfield Fountain Gate


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Ma Bassmahlak

Ma Bassmahlak (ما بسمحلك; "I Don't Allow You") is the fifth album by Najwa Karam and her second release on the Rotana label.

title: Ma Bassmahlak


text:
Construction (disambiguation)

Construction is the process of producing buildings and other infrastructure.

Construction also may refer to:

 * Additional physical/mechanical senses:
 * Offshore construction, the installation of structures in marine environments
 * Primarily abstract senses of creation or assembly:
 * (A list of) algebraic constructions
 * Compass and straightedge constructions in geometry
 * Grammatical construction, meaning-bearing relationship among words of an utterance
 * Construction (Cage), music by John Cage
 * Construction (Egyptian coalition), for political purposes
 * Construction as synonym for "act of construing":
 * Statutory construction in law
 * Judicial interpretation of legal terms
 * Social construction, social factors in construing of language and other symbols
 * Construals
 * Building (Australian magazine), subsequently published under the title Construction

title: Construction (disambiguation)


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Navajo Nation Council

The Navajo Nation Council (Béésh bąąh dah siʼání) is the Legislative Branch of the Navajo Nation government. The council meets four times per year, with additional special sessions, at the Navajo Nation Council Chamber, which is in Window Rock, Arizona.

The council is composed of 24 district delegates, or councilors, chosen by direct election, who represent 110 municipal chapters within the states of Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah. Delegates must be members of the Navajo Nation and be at least twenty-five years of age. Delegate offices are at the Navajo Nation governmental campus in Window Rock.

The council selects a speaker, chosen from among all delegates, to preside over the day-to-day functions of the council for a two-year term.

Power and jurisdiction
As codified in Section 101 of the Navajo Nation Code: (2 N.N.C. § 101(A)) The Legislative Branch shall consist of the Navajo Nation Council and any entity established under the Navajo Nation Council. (2 N.N.C § 101(B)) The Legislative Branch shall not be amended unless approved by majority of all registered Navajo voters through a referendum.

Navajo legislative overview
(2 N.N.C. § 102 (B-G)) The Navajo Nation Council reserves all powers not delegated and supervises those that are delegated; has the power to discipline and regulate the conduct of its members; has the authority to promulgate rules, regulations, and procedures for the conduct of its meetings and of its committees; confirms the appointments of all division directors upon recommendation from the appropriate oversight committee; and shall establish standing committees and delegate such authority to such committees as it deems necessary and proper.

Line of succession
§1006 of the Navajo Code instructs that should vacancy occur in the Office of President and Vice President, the Speaker shall serve as President of the Navajo Nation until a special election is held. The Code further states that the Speaker shall then act concurrently as Speaker and President, and that the speakership shall not be considered vacated.

Current 25th Navajo Nation Council Delegate Info
On January 10, 2023, the delegates of the 25th Navajo Nation Council took the oath of office.

25th Navajo Nation Council committees and subcommittees as listed at the Council website.

Standing committees

 * Navajo Nation Council
 * Naabik’íyáti’ Committee
 * Budget and Finance Committee
 * Health, Education and Human Services Committee
 * Law and Order Committee
 * Resources and Development Committee

Subcommittees

 * Diné Bizaad Subcommittee
 * Gaming Subcommittee
 * Navajo–Hopi Land Commission
 * Navajo Indian Irrigation Project Subcommittee
 * Navajo Sexual Assault Prevention Subcommittee
 * Quadrilateral Agreement Task Force
 * State Task Force Subcommittee
 * Title II Reform Subcommittee

Naachʼid
The (Navajo) created the ceremonial gatherings called  which met every 2 to 4 years, or on an emergency basis as needed.

The traditional Navajo government was organized around the principles of , the nurturing and protecting aspects of governance. Each Navajo clan chose two representatives to attend these assemblies, with the purpose of protecting and nurturing the. An individual selected to participate in that council was called. The, translated as war chief, protected the people from any harm as they moved away from the principles of.

The, or peace chief, nurtured each individual, assisting the people to live in accordance with the principles of (peace and friendship) and to maintain relationships with all creation.

1922 to the 15th council
The Navajo Business Council was created in 1922 by the U.S. Secretary of the Interior in order to certify mineral leases on the Navajo reservation. At its first meeting, the Council acquiesced to U.S. pressure to grant oil companies use of the land. In return, the Navajo Nation was promised more land that could be used for subsistence farming and sheep grazing. This first council was headed by Henry Chee Dodge and consisted of one delegate elected from each of the five agencies, along with one alternate delegate.

After refusing to adopt Commissioner of Indian Affairs John Collier's Indian Reorganization Act in 1934, the Navajo Tribal Council reformed in 1937. The Navajo voters would ultimately reject three attempts at establishing a constitutional government over disagreement of lasting legal language.

Until 1984, the Navajo Tribal Council and Navajo Nation had been supported by funding from the wealth of natural resources on the reservation. In 1984, however, the council established the Permanent Trust Fund, into which 12% of all revenue each year would be deposited. Funds would first become available in 2004.

16th council (1987–1990)
The name Navajo Nation Council (sometimes called the Navajo Nation Tribal Council) came into use around the middle of 1989. The name change occurred with the Title II Amendments of 1989 which established the three-branch government system used at Window Rock today. This created a clear delineation of executive and legislative powers, vested leadership of the executive branch in the President and Vice President, and created the offices of Speaker of the Council and Speaker Pro Tem.

17th council (1991–1994)
The 17th council was seated in 1991.

18th council (1995–1998)
The 18th council was seated in January 1995.

19th council (1999–2002)
The 19th council was seated in January 1999.

In 2001, the council approved a service agreement with OnSat, a Utah-based Internet provider. OnSat was to receive $1.9million in the first year of contract to provide the 110 chapters with satellite bandwidth.

20th council (2003–2006)
The 20th council was seated in January 2003. Lawrence T. Morgan was elected Speaker of the Council.
 * BCDS Manufacturing Inc.
 * From 2003 to 2007, the council had heavily invested in a biochemical firm to expand operations in Shiprock chapter. The firm's chief executive officer was later found to be embezzling tribal assets for personal use. These findings were never used to file criminal or civil complaints against BCDS, their executives, or share holders.
 * The council aimed to partner with BCDS, an industrial investment successfully advocated for by the Shiprock chapter board, to build an economic industrial base there. From 2003 to 2004, the Navajo government invested an estimated $300,000 in the company and retained a 51% ownership stake. BCDS had originally proposed to switch operational function and expand its facility in Shiprock chapter. The loan guarantee ultimately would cost the Navajo Nation approximately $2million. The loan came from a tribal fund used as collateral for small businesses.
 * Permanent trust fund
 * Fund matures.

Mid-term
In 2005, Speaker Lawrence T. Morgan was elected for his second term as Speaker of the Council.
 * BCDS Manufacturing Inc.
 * In 2005, the council allowed BCDS to receive a loan of over $2million from the Navajo Dam escrow account. None of the monies were used for their originally intended purpose. It was reported later that over $1million was spent on the lavish lifestyle of the chief executive officer and on luxury homes at Aztec and Farmington.
 * OnSat
 * Later in 2005, a tribal audit found discrepancies regarding a service contract with internet provider OnSat Technologies, to provide the chapters with Wireless broadband.

21st council (2007–2010)
The 21st council was seated in January 2007. Speaker Lawrence T. Morgan was elected for a third term after winning a run-off election against Delegate Harold Wauneka of Fort Defiance.
 * BCDS Manufacturing Inc.
 * In June 2007, Budget and Finance Committee Chairman Lorenzo Bates revealed that the council did not exercise prudent enough due diligence before investing in BCDS.
 * In a special session held on July 17, 2008, the Council declared involvement with BCDS a total loss.
 * OnSat
 * A 2007 tribal audit found that OnSat had overbilled for service and that the tribe had not complied with procurement policy regarding the competitive bidding process to select OnSat. OnSat found its federal E-rate program agreements in jeopardy. The program reimbursed between 85% and 90% of the costs associated to provide internet services to the tribe's 110 municipal chapter houses.

President announces election to reduce council to 24
On April 29, Navajo Nation President Joe Shirley Jr. proposed reducing the Navajo Council from 88 members to 24 members. The election would change the dynamics of the council in 2011.
 * OnSat
 * OnSat service was disrupted in 2008 over nonpayment disagreements.
 * BCDS
 * In December 2008, the tribe and the Council were forced to pay outstanding debt related to the bad loan made to BCDS in 2005. JP Morgan Chase received $2.2million from tribal accounts.

Mid-term
In January 2009, Speaker Morgan was reelected speaker, to a fourth term. The election made him the first speaker to serve eight years in that capacity in the Council's modern history. President Shirley addressed the Council in the annual State of the Navajo Nation address on January 24, 2009. Shirley spoke of his conviction of the need to develop a new governing document for the Navajo Nation. Shirley had campaigned to return government to the Diné by government reform.
 * Shirley ouster
 * During the first week of October 2009, the Council met in private and special sessions. Then on October 26, the council voted 48–22 to remove President Shirley from his official duties. The council had originally included removal of Vice President Shelley as well. Allegations had been swirling around the four-corners states alleging improper dealings with Utah-based OnSat Technologies, and a biochemical company at Shiprock, New Mexico. Shirley's chief of staff and other members of the senior staff were also removed.
 * OnSat CEO Dave Stephens and former Navajo Nation Telecommunications Regulatory Office director Ernest Franklin were not targeted in this action.
 * On October 27, 2009, members of the Council released a statement addressing the allegations of retaliation and denying them.
 * Discretionary spending
 * In December 2009, the Council called for a special prosecutor to look into the President Shirley's relationship with two companies that had operated on the reservation. Attorney General Louis Denetsosie focused the investigation on the tribe's contractual relationship with the Utah-based satellite internet company OnSat; the $2.2million loan guarantee to BCDS Manufacturing Inc.; and payments from the council's discretionary fund to family members of several legislative-branch employees.
 * 24 votes and the presidential line-item veto
 * In a special election held on December 15, 2009, tribal members voted 61% in favor of reducing the Navajo Nation Council from 88 members to 24 members. In the same special election, tribal members voted 59% in favor of allowing the President of the Navajo Nation to perform a line-item veto.

2010
At the meeting of the council on January 13, 2010, Council Delegate Jonathan Nez announced changes to Title 22 of the Navajo Nation Code that would take place in the wake of the majority of the tribe's membership voting to reduce the size of the council to 24 members. In a decision on May 28, 2010, the Navajo Nation Supreme Court ordered immediate implementation of a redistricting plan.
 * Probe of the council's discretionary funds
 * Following a three-judge panel's review of three applications, the special division of the Window Rock district court named Alan Balaran as special prosecutor, to begin work in early February 2011. Balaran, who had served as the court-appointed special master in the Cobell Indian Trust Fund case, would act under the jurisdiction of the special division. Balaran's investigation was later expanded to include a tribal ranch program and discretionary funds given to the Shirley administration.
 * In October 2010, a special prosecutor for the Navajo justice department filed charges against members of the then 88-member Navajo Council, three weeks before the November 2 election. The investigation returned findings of serious misuse of discretionary funds. The funds were designed to be made available at the direction of lawmakers for any number of community causes, activities, and emergencies deemed appropriate by council delegates.
 * Attorney General Denetsosie outlined allegations that centered on an elaborate conspiracy of members of the council to give discretionary funds to family members. The scheme involved participating members hiding the transactions behind the vagueness of the law establishing the funds, and the loosely audited dispersal of funds from the legislators' offices. The investigation and trials would continue to the end of the 22nd Council.
 * Suspected delegates were served official complaints just before the Council convened for the fourth day of their Fall 2010 session.
 * In early November 2010, the Council was unhappy with the special prosecutor's focus on the legislature's misuse of discretionary funds, and it organized the removal of several functionaries that the Council thought were responsible. On November 4, 2010, the council voted 42–0, with two delegates abstaining, to order legislation terminating the employment of Attorney General Denetsosie and his deputy, D. Harrison Tso.
 * On December 23, the council opposed the removal of the deputy attorney general, in a 65–3 vote. Another bill to remove the attorney general was introduced but not debated.

24 Votes
On January 11, 2011, the new, smaller 24-member council was seated, and the restructuring of the legislative branch began. On January 24, 2011, Delegate Johnny Naize (Blue Gap-Tachee/Cottonwood-Tselani/Low Mountain/Many Farms/Nazlini) was selected as speaker.

In May 2011, President Ben Shelly signed council resolution CAP-10-11, sent to him by the council, amending Title II of the Navajo Code. Among the changes in the law was the reorganization of existing standing committees to match the 24 vote membership.

Mid-term
In January 2013, the council reelected Speaker Naize to a second term.
 * BCDS
 * In 2013, Hak Ghun, 62, of Durango, Colorado, was found guilty of tax evasion regarding his involvement with misdealings at BCDS. Ghun had funneled $1,078,170 in corporate funds to his personal accounts between 2005 and 2007, and had failed to pay taxes to the IRS.
 * Discretionary spending debacle and resignation of Speaker Naize
 * In December 2013, a special prosecutor appointed by the council charged Speaker Naize with 10 counts of bribery and 1 count of conspiracy. Naize was charged along with former delegates Lawrence T. Morgon, David Tom, Lena Manheimer, and George Arthur in misusing over $186,000.
 * On March 11, 2014, Naize pleaded not guilty to misusing $35,550 and diverting the funds to members of his family. On April 4, 2014, Naize was removed from the speakership through forced paid leave via a unanimous vote. On April 7, 2014, Naize filed a petition with the Navajo court to restrain the Council from taking action. Speaker Pro Tem LoRenzo Bates took over the duties of the speakership. Naize resigned his delegate seat at noon on Sept 29, 2014. Later that year, Speaker Naize changed his plea to guilty, after resigning from his district seat. Many Farms chapter's grazing official and former council candidate Roland Tso was appointed to serve the unexpired term of Naize's delegate seat; Tso was sworn in on November 14, 2014.
 * Delegate David L. Tom resigned in October 2014, late in his term, after pleading guilty to the charge of conspiracy to commit bribery. Prosecutors alleged that Tom had funneled $95,000 in tribal funds to his wife and children. Tom was replaced by former interim Navajo President Leonard Hoskie, who was sworn in on December 1, 2014.
 * Navajo code crisis
 * On October 24, the Council passed legislation to amend the Navajo Nation Code. In an 11–10–3 vote, the legislation dissolved the language requirement of the qualifications sections for president. The legislation would have retroactively allowed for Chris Deschene's participation. On October 29, President Shelly vetoed the bill.
 * On January 1, 2015, the Council met to hear a bill that would provide for holding primary elections in June 2015 and general elections in August 2015. The legislation passed the chamber in a controversial 11–1 vote, with over half of the members absent from the vote. On January 5, President Shelly vetoed the bill.
 * January 7, five assistant attorneys general filed petition with the Navajo Nation Supreme Court for clarification on the question of the presidential vacancy issue. Through a controversial agreement and resolution, referenced as CD-80-14 and CD-81-14, the court and the council—with Speaker Pro Tem LoRenzo Bates; delegate Leonard Tsosie; Otto Tso, councilman-elect; and Amber K. Crotty, director Diné Policy Institute as signatories—appointed Ben Shelly to act as interim president. The move was in contradiction to Navajo Code Section 1006.

23rd council (2015–2018)
The newly elected 23rd Navajo Nation Council was inaugurated on January 13, 2015, in Window Rock, Arizona. Following the inauguration, delegates convened in special session to select a speaker pro tem to serve in that capacity until a speaker was selected by the council to serve a two-year term. Council delegate Kee Allen Begay, Jr. (Low Mountain, Many Farms, Nazlini, Tachee/Blue Gap, Tselani/Cottonwood) was elected speaker pro tem by a coin toss after he and former Speaker Pro Tem LoRenzo Bates each received 12 votes. Begay served as speaker pro tem until the start of the winter session on January 26, 2015, after which former Speaker Pro Tem LoRenzo Bates won the speakership, after a runoff election with Alton Joe Shepherd (Jeddito, Cornfields, Ganado, Kinlichee, Steamboat) where each received 12 votes, after which Shepard withdrew his candidacy, "for the council to unite and work together".

24th council (2019–2023)
On January 15, 2019, the 24th Navajo Nation Council took their oath of office at noon during the 2019 Navajo Nation Inauguration at the Bee Holdzil Fighting Scouts Events Center in Fort Defiance, Ariz. Following the inaugural event, the 24-member council convened for a special session to consider Legislation No. 0001-19 to select a speaker pro tem. Through a simple majority vote by Council members, Council Delegate Seth Damon (Bááháálí, Chichiltah, Manuelito, Tsé Lichíí’, Rock Springs, Tsayatoh) was selected as speaker pro tem. On January 28, 2019, opening day of the 2019 Winter Council Session Speaker Pro Tem Seth Damon was voted in as Speaker of the 24th Navajo Nation Council.

In July 2019, Delegate Nelson BeGaye resigned for health reasons. Following a special election, Carl Roessel Slater was elected to the seat. Legislation No. 0219-22 was introduced to select a new Speaker of the 24th Navajo Nation Council until the new 25th council due to former Speaker Damon resigning from the position. On November 16, 2022 Honorable Otto Tso (Tuba City) was sworn in as Speaker of the Navajo Nation Council until January 10, 2023.

25th council (since 2023)
On January 10, 2023, the 25th Navajo Nation Council will take their oath of office during the 2023 Navajo Nation Inauguration at the Bee Holdzil Fighting Scouts Events Center in Fort Defiance, Arizona. Following the inaugural event, the 24-member council will join for a special session to select a speaker pro-tem.

The 25th Navajo Nation Council will have the first youngest member at age 28, Shaandiin Parrish, who is also a former Miss Navajo (2019-2021). This council will have a 66% (16/24) of freshmen whom have never been elected under previous councils. 33% (8/24) will retain their seats in council. Then a historic moment will occur, when the council will have a 37.5% (9/24) representation of females, which has not been that high in previous councils.

The 25th Navajo Nation Council from the start has been full of historic moments, now electing the first Woman as the Speaker of the Navajo Nation Council, Honorable Crystalyne Curley. Speaker Curley assumed office January 23, 2023 during the Winter Session in 2023.

Notable delegates

 * Annie Dodge Wauneka (Klagetoh, Wide Ruins)
 * Rex Lee Jim (Rock Point) 8th Vice President of the Navajo Nation.
 * Thomas Dodge 3rd Chairman of the Navajo Tribal Council.
 * Kenneth Maryboy (Aneth/Red Mesa/Mexican Water/Sweet Water/ TeecNosPos)
 * Davis Filfred (Aneth/Red Mesa/Mexican Water)
 * Mark Maryboy (Aneth/Red Mesa/Mexican Water)
 * Russell Begay (Shiprock) - 8th Navajo Nation President.
 * Jonathan Nez (Ts'ah Bii Kin, Navajo Mountain, Shonto, & Oljato) – 9th Navajo Nation Vice-President & 9th Navajo Nation President.
 * Crystalyne Curley (Tachee/Blue Gap, Many Farms, Nazlini, Tselani/Cottonwood, Low Mountain) - First Woman to be elected Speaker of the Navajo Nation Council.
 * Sam Ahkeah 7th Chairman of the Navajo Nation Tribal Council

title: Navajo Nation Council


text: User talk:203.88.142.30

title: User talk:203.88.142.30


text:
Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Asthma/archive1

Asthma
Partial self-nomination. This is the second article we've worked on at the fledgling Medicine Collaboration of the Week, and the topic certainly merits a featured-standard article. We've been working hard on this article for a couple weeks and feel it has improved significantly. It was listed on Peer review (see project page) on August 11th and we have done our best to incorporate the helpful suggestions given. I don't have any experience with WP:FAC, and I don't believe the other participants do either, so we would appreciate any suggestions from the reviewers for how we can further improve the article. — Knowledge Seeker দ 07:19, August 24, 2005 (UTC) I got some of the updates in. Mr.Bip and Encephalon are putting some great work in finding and listing references. I'll work on incorporating some of them into the article to help fulfill your suggestions, Taxman, but it will take me a couple days because I am on call at the hospital tomorrow (which means I won't come home until the day after). Hope you don't mind giving us a few more days to fix up these sections. — Knowledge Seeker দ 04:03, August 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Very good. Could do with better reference system and a description of the staggered approach (e.g. first β2 agonists, then steroids, then long-acting bronchodilators etc etc) as used by the BTS and elsewhere. I miss "alternative medicine" and a consideration whether it contributes to COPD later in life, and smoking should be mentioned as detrimental. Finally, did we mention active avoidance of allergens and removing them (although this is old-fashioned and poorly supported by evidence). JFW | T@lk  07:42, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Simply fantastic improvements. Comments. Hmm I didn't reallize you planned to bring this to FAC so soon, as there are still a few issues. But since most of the article is very good, I think we can get any issues fixed up well. I'll try to be detailed here not because the article is bad but to help it be great. Besides the pathophisiology section the rest seems to lack the depth of research one might expect for a medical related article. 1) For example the treatment guidelines seem to conflict a bit. The top treatment paragraph mentiond leukotriene inhibitors can be used instead, while in the preventer section it is mentioned preventers can be layered. Which ones can be layered? I thought leuk. and corticosteroids could be, but I could be wrong. Do you have a reference for what the standard first line treatment recommendations are? For ex from the American pediatrics community vs European or other. Do they differ? 2) Some mention of the side effects of the primary drugs would be good too. 3) I also agree coverage of alternative medicine should be included. 4) What is the relation to exercise recommendations? Does it help asthma symptoms in the long run or no? Swimming is often recommended as good exercise that doesn't trigger asthma as much, but I don't know if that is a current recommendation. 5) As in peer review I think a mention should be made of athletes with asthma, even some olympic runners have it. If you really feel it is not important enough for inclusion then I'm ok with that. 6) I really think the reliever and preventer phrasing is innapropriate for the headings. That may be the words used with children, but most children with asthma aren't going to be reading this article. 7) Lung modification, I saw the addition that there was none, but a pediatrician friend told me I should stay with a long acting preventive treatment in order to avoid the modification that occurs from attacks.  That may be based on newer information or research than the article so a citation for that would be good. So for any potentially contentious facts or for very important points citation to the most reliable source available would help meet the criteria. I've been meaning to dig up what I could, so I'll try to move along a little faster to find the material. - Taxman Talk 14:38, August 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support (Partial self-nomination)
 * Yes, some work yet to do on article (both simplifying some of pathophysiology and increasing breadth of the article).  I hope to continue contributing to this article, but my free-time is short,so I'll try on & off over the next couple weeks.
 * re "Relievers" / "Preventers" these are terms we (doctors and Asthma-UK patient organisation) use in UK (see Management PDF). The terms apply not only for children, but especially with adults to help explain that steroids must be used all the time and not just when symptomatic and that by so doing, they will help lessen need for the short acting dilators (salbutamol). Dilator use does not prevent asthmatic deaths, failure to grow in children with severe asthma nor time lost from school/work, but steroids are shown to do this (excess of course can affect growth).
 * It is perhaps the hardest part of helping asthmatics to manage their condition to persuade people to use something (a steroid) that gives no immediate effect unlike the very obvious response bronchodilators. No "normal" patient knows what bronchodilator or beta2-adrenoceptor agonist means, and the term "steroid" frightens may from using.
 * I, from the UK perspective, would strongly urge that these terms help the non-medic understand the role of different types of drugs used for asthma. Wikipedia is not a medical textbook, but is meant for the 'general public', patients and friend/family of patients. David Ruben 17:46, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Ok, but I wasn't saying remove the terms, just put the section headings back to a less colloquial form like preventative treatments and relief treatments or something to that effect. Then include a mention of the other terms if they are common. I also noticed that glucocorticoid is mentioned first and then corticosteroid is used later without any explanation of whether they are the same or different. Also, isn't theophylline sometimes still used as an ongoing treatment, and not just in an emergency situation? - Taxman Talk 21:43, August 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the feedback. Taxman, I'm sorry if I nominated this earlier than you intended. I am excited by the improvement in the article and may have gotten carried away, but I am confident that the article can be improved enough to merit being selected as a featured article, if it does not already (regardless, we will of course continue to improve the article). Dr. deWolff, are there specific parts you would like footnotes for or what are you suggesting? I've seen previous FACs get criticized for overuse of inline footnotes, so we left the references at the bottom for the most part. Maybe some of the statistics? I'll work on putting more detail into the treatment. I'll do some research too on smoking/COPD correlation. I don't have any information on alternative medicine but I'll bring it up on the talk page and see if anyone else does. Yes, allergen avoidance is mentioned under Asthma. I didn't put side effects in because I didn't want to clutter the article, but if you feel they are appropriate, I'll put them in. I'll also expand the section about exercise, but I am not sure about athletes with asthma. I agree that the "reliever" and "preventer" sound too childish for headings. Incidentally, Dr. Ruben, I know you mentioned that no "normal" patient knows what bronchodilator means, and that may be true in the UK, but in the U.S. that is the term our patients know the medications by (not β2-adrenoreceptor agonist though). I don't want to use country-specific terminolgy and both can be included, but I do feel that those terms are too informal to use for article headings. I don't believe that there is any evidence that asthma progresses or, given that, that steroids reduce progression, but I will look to see if I can find a study specifically addressing that. Thanks again! — Knowledge Seeker দ 05:27, August 26, 2005 (UTC)

Oh. and I'd like to SUPPORT please!— Encephalon |  ζ   18:57:31, 2005-09-01 (UTC)
 * Support. Honestly this is an extremely well-written, thorough article. I'm not a clinician, so this is outside my specialty, however I read through it late last night and was very impressed. I made a few minor changes in the first three sections, but those are simply stylistic and it's difficult to say whose version is better. I'd like some more wikification of topics... but I tend to be very "wiki happy" with my articles, and I'm not sure where my preferences stand in relation to standard wiki etiquette. I'll read through this article more closely tonight to add some more in depth analysis and criticism. All-around however, every topic that I thought should be included was. Semiconscious  ( talk  · home) 19:52, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Alternative treatment, more treatment details, and athletes with asthma are in, at least in basic format; I'll work on expanding them. We're redoing the reference system. I'll get to smoking/COPD and permanent lung damage later. There are conflicting reports regarding irreversible lung changes, although it appears that there is more evidence that early glucocorticoid use can prevent long-term lung changes. What is less clear, though, is if this has any correlation with progression of asthma: some lung parameters might decline, but it looks like there is no evidence that someone would progress from mild to moderate or moderate to severe asthma. — Knowledge Seeker দ 20:56, August 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * I apologize for moving slowly on addressing concerns. I know we are all busy, but residency has left me with less free time than I have ever had before. I hope this will not hurt our chances for achieving featured status even if it takes me some time to make all the appopriate improvements. — Knowledge Seeker দ 21:05, August 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * Well all the recent efforts look great, the article has really improved in my book. The references look great, I'm not picky as to what style is used specifically. Addressing the major points in the journal articles on the talk page would solve almost everything left that I can think of, and you seem to have it outlined well above. The one article on lung changes is a review of the current literature and states that thee is some conflicting reports so noting that they do occur, but also where the conflicts are would cover that just fine. I agree that the article notes lung parameters decline, but that no link is made to a progression to more severe catagories of asthma. Our article should do the same basically. Finish what you have planned for these points and I anticipate adding my full support. This has already been here for a while, if Raul654 wants to let it stay for longer it's up to him, but that's my preference as long as you can get the above fixed in a couple days. - Taxman Talk 21:27, August 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks for all your advice, Taxman. I think we have now incorporated all the areas you suggested. Is there anything that I've missed or are there any other comments or suggestions anyone else has? — Knowledge Seeker দ 06:04, August 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * More than welcome. Being an asthmatic with a strong science interesst I can spot the things needed, but not always understand them enough to fix them. I'm glad that helped. I've switched to support, because overall it is really good now, but still two things would improve it more. The alternative medicine section still needs expansion to say what treatments are used, and you should probably link to Complementary and alternative medicine. That would be enough there in my opinion. Then the addition of general side effects to the preventative treatment section really helped I think. How can the article be comprehensive if it only notes the treatments are good, but not the (small %) bad effects? So that should be extended to the other treatments, with perhaps the emergency section only getting a blanket statement that higher doses and emergency treatments do carry higher risks, but that is balanced against the urgency of the problem. That sounds valid to me, but I'll let you be the judge. Also shouldn't theophyline also go in the preventive treatment section, as I thought it still was used as a last resort preventive treatment, not just in emergency situations. Again, I'll let you be the judge. And finally, every medical definition of asthma I've seen refers to reversibility, as does the diagnosis section of the article, so shouldn't the lead? - Taxman Talk 16:13, September 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Taxman, you're an awesome critic, and I hope you'll continue to offer your thoughts on all the articles that we work on for the MCOTW. I'd like you to consider joining us as a regular participant: the "intelligent layperson" perspective is very valuable. Regarding the above, a new section on alternative medicine for asthma has been completed. I'd have posted it earlier, but my computer did a bad thing and ate it all up, and I had to rewrite. I referenced it quite heavily, as that is often the most contentious area in any given treatment of medical topics. Your suggestion on linking to the main article is good, I'll look into it. Re: theophylline, it's actually not that commonly used either way. In emergencies, adding it to B2 agonists does not give significant benefit, but increases risk of tachyarrhythmias/tremor/nausea/etc. It's used as a last ditch (ie. pt failing everything else). For long term management it's a possible candidate if i.steroid + addon does not = good control. So yeah, it could be added as a possible option. Re: the emerg caveat, I'm not sure it's necessary; if the others want to add it I wont object. Re the lead, I think it's written as a simple overview of some of the major aspects of asthma; reversibility mentioned later on is fine. Cheers— Encephalon |  ζ   18:56:31, 2005-09-01 (UTC)
 * Oh, well thanks. It's nice to be wanted, though for most medical topics I'm probably better at the peer review stage to help iron out the final issues and give the overview advice. So if you'd like to nominate all your articles there once they've finished the collaboration focus stage, and give me a nudge if I forget to notice them, that's where I could probably help the most. It works the best if there are people willing to impliment good suggestions, as happened very well in this case. So if you guys want to keep that up, I'll keep reviewing. Also I just happened to have a little more knowledge about asthma. As for the article, I was aware theophylline was last ditch, so the way it is now is fine. For the caveat part I was only suggesting that as an easier alternative than discussing side effects of each type of medicine. But I do feel side effects for each ype of treatment are pretty important in order to be complete, so whatever you think is best to cover that. - Taxman Talk 20:03, September 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Looks like Encephalon pretty much took care of that stuff. Anything else that can be done? Incidentally, I'm on call again tomorrow, which means I won't come home until the following day (and I'll probably sleep all day after that), so if there are any new suggestions I might not get to them for a couple days. — Knowledge Seeker দ 22:52, September 1, 2005 (UTC)

Needs editing; then I'll probably support. Tony 07:12, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks for your suggestion, Tony, and for going through the article and fixing it up. I'd hoped it was in good shape by this point; is there a specific paragraph or section that could use improvement in your opinion, or do you feel it overall needs to be cleaned up? — Knowledge Seeker দ 07:24, August 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * I went through and made a few small changes, as did Mr.Bip. I think it's pretty good now; of course, I'll continue to read over it and fix awkward phrasing and such when I see it. If there is a particularly problematic section, please let me know. Thanks! — Knowledge Seeker দ 06:22, September 1, 2005 (UTC)

 * Support—I've gone through it and made numerous small edits. It's a good article, worthy of FA status. Tony 06:29, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

Some links to some well thoughtout feedback: Peer review/Asthma, and Talk:Asthma (Avocado's layperson-review). (courtesy of Mr.Bip) David Ruben 18:06, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Object; no mention of ventolin.  Erwin
 * Ventolin is a trade name, the drug is mentioned under its generic name, Salbutamol. --WS 11:27, 2 September 2005 (UTC)


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Neuhuyskade

Neuhuyskade is a street along a canal in The Hague, Netherlands. It connects between the Wassenaarseweg at its north end to Benoordenhout at its south end.

title: Neuhuyskade


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Central Única dos Trabalhadores

Central Única dos Trabalhadores (Unified Workers' Central), commonly known by the acronym CUT, is the main national trade union center in Brazil.

History
CUT was formed on 28 August 1983 in São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo, during the First National Congress of the Working Class. Alongside the Workers' Party (PT) and the Landless Workers' Movement (MST), CUT was one of the key organizations to challenge the military rule of 1964–1985 during its final stages, organizing strikes in automobile factories located in the ABC Region.

Nowadays, CUT is the largest and most important trade union federation in Brazil, representing over 7.4 million workers in all productive areas. It is also the largest trade union center in Latin America and the fifth largest in the world. Nevertheless, it continues to face obstacles because of corporatist laws that curb the workers' rights to organize. CUT generally supports a democratic socialist political ideology and is close to PT and its leaders, many of which had been union leaders in the past.

CUT was organized to oppose the so-called "old labour movement", associated with the late President Getúlio Vargas and his Brazilian Labour Party (PTB). The main practice of varguismo and its leaders was to try to integrate trade unions and the Ministry of Labor, once the President had based his policy for the area using the Carta del Lavoro of Fascist Italy as a role model. CUT arose as an alternative to this model, claiming to be part of the "new labour movement", independent from the federal government. However, its close ties with PT made CUT a source of criticism after Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, PT's most prominent member, took office as President.

In March 2004, some union leaders unsatisfied with the organization's close ties with the Lula administration split from CUT in order to form the Coordenação Nacional de Lutas (Conlutas, National Coordination of Struggles). Conlutas represents between 30 and 40 percent of the CUT leadership, and it is closer to the United Socialist Workers' Party (PSTU) and the Socialism and Liberty Party (PSOL) – dissidences of PT themselves – than PT. The following year, leaders tied to PSOL and the Brazilian Communist Party (PCB) formed the Instrumento de Luta e Organização da Classe Trabalhadora (Intersindical, Instrument of Struggle and Organisation of the Working Class) and, in 2007, leaders linked to the Communist Party of Brazil (PCdoB) formed the Central dos Trabalhadores e Trabalhadoras do Brasil (CTB, Central of Male and Female Workers of Brazil).

Affiliates
The following federations are affiliated to CUT:

Presidents

 * 1983: Jair Meneguelli
 * 1994: Vicente Paulo da Silva
 * 2000: João Felicio
 * 2003: Luiz Marinho
 * 2005: João Felicio
 * 2006: Artur Henrique da Silva Santos
 * 2012: Vagner Freitas
 * 2019: Sérgio Nobre

General Secretaries

 * 1983: Paulo Paim
 * Gilmar Carneiro
 * 1997: João Antonio Felicio
 * 2000: Carlos Alberto Grana
 * 2003: João Antonio Felicio
 * 2005: Artur Henrique da Silva Santos
 * 2006: Quintino Severo
 * 2012: Sérgio Nobre
 * 2019: Carmen Foro

title: Central Única dos Trabalhadores


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Bulgarian (slang)

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was KEEP. I will revert it to the requested version. -Splash 23:52, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

Bulgarian (slang)
Rather nonsensical article, is this about the word British in Bulgaria or the word Bulgarian in English? Nothing found on Google other than wiki-mirrors BrowardHick 07:22, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Slang dicdef. --Apyule 07:59, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep but revert to this version, it has been edited to show only the recently added recent flip side. Alf 14:05, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and revert per Alf. --TheMidnighters 16:26, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and revert Trollderella 21:18, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and revert older version is much better and actually makes sense. Groeck 21:29, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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User talk:HideyoshiJP

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, you can post to the help desk or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! pamri 07:23, August 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:HideyoshiJP


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Cohesive Sports Net

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Woohookitty 10:06, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

Cohesive Sports Net
A rally cry used by a dodgeball team in a self-described "obscure unconventional sports league", non-notable BrowardHick 07:24, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Only Google hits are mirrors. --GraemeL (talk) 11:17, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. I have welcomed the initial editor and pointed them here. Alf 14:26, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unconventional sports league, right. 04:21, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete not notable Groeck 18:24, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - not notable - Tεx  τ  urε  16:26, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Chips Rafferty

John William Pilbean Goffage MBE (26 March 1909 – 27 May 1971), known professionally as Chips Rafferty, was an Australian actor. Called "the living symbol of the typical Australian", Rafferty's career stretched from the late 1930s until he died in 1971, and during this time he performed regularly in major Australian feature films as well as appearing in British and American productions, including The Overlanders and The Sundowners. He appeared in commercials in Britain during the late 1950s, encouraging British emigration to Australia.

Early days
John William Pilbean Goffage was born at Billy Goat Hill, near Broken Hill, New South Wales to John Goffage, an English-born stock agent, and Australian-born Violet Maude Joyce. Gaining the nickname "Chips" as a school boy, Rafferty studied at Parramatta Commercial School. At age 16, Rafferty began an apprenticeship as an iron moulder at Clyde Engineering Works before working in a variety of jobs, including opal miner, sheep shearer, drover, RAAF officer and pearl diver.

Film career
Rafferty was in his thirties when he made his debut at Cinesound Studios. His first film role was as a fireman in Ken G. Hall's comedy Dad Rudd, M.P. (1940) - Hall later recalled he was looking for an actor who was tall and skinny as a visual contrast to others and Cinesound's casting director, Ron Whelan, introduced Hall to Rafferty. Hall enjoyed Rafferty's performance and when he shot some additional scenes for the comedy Ants in His Pants he used Rafferty again, although the part was much smaller. (This film was released prior to Dad Rudd MP which is why many list it first on Rafferty's filmography.) At that time, he managed a wine cellar in Bond Street, Sydney.

Forty Thousand Horsemen
Rafferty leapt to international fame when cast as one of the three leads in Forty Thousand Horsemen (1940), a film directed by Charles Chauvel that focused on the Battle of Beersheba in 1917. Rafferty's part was originally given to Pat Hanna but Chauvel changed his mind after being introduced to Rafferty by Ron Whelen and seeing a screen test with Rafferty. Chauvel described him as "a cross between Slim Summerville and James Stewart, and has a variety of droll yet natural humour."

Forty Thousand Horsemen was enormously popular and was screened throughout the world, becoming one of the most-seen Australian films made to that point. Although the film's romantic leads were Grant Taylor (actor) and Betty Bryant, Rafferty's performance received much acclaim.

War service
Rafferty married Ellen Kathleen "Quentin" Jameson on 28 May 1941. He enlisted in the Royal Australian Air Force the next day and entertained troops.

During the war, Rafferty was allowed to make films on leave. He appeared in a short featurette, South West Pacific (1943), directed by Hall. He was reunited with Chauvel and Grant Taylor in The Rats of Tobruk (1944), an attempt to repeat the success of Forty Thousand Horsemen.

Rafferty was discharged on 13 February 1945, having reached the rank of Flying Officer.

International fame
Ealing Studios were interested in making a feature film in Australia after the war, and assigned Harry Watt to find a subject. He came up with The Overlanders (1946), a story of a cattle drive during war time (based on a true story) and gave the lead role to Rafferty who Watt called an "Australian Gary Cooper."

Rafferty's fee was £25 a week. Ealing Studios were so pleased they signed Rafferty to a long-term contract even before the film was released. The film was a critical and commercial success and Rafferty was established as a film star.

Ealing Studios were associated with Rank Films, who cast Rafferty in the lead of Bush Christmas (1947), a children's movie where Rafferty played the villain. It was very popular.

Ealing Studios signed Rafferty to a long-term contract. He went to England to promote The Overlanders and Ealing put him in The Loves of Joanna Godden. While promoting the film in Hollywood he met Hedda Hopper who said Rafferty "created quite a stir. They call him the Australian Gary Cooper, but if he were cut down a bit he would be more like the late Will Rogers. I don't know how they'll get him on the screen unless they do it horizontally... He is as natural as an old shoe."

Ealing and Watt wanted to make another film in Australia and decided on a spectacle, Eureka Stockade. Rafferty was cast in the lead as Peter Lalor, the head of the rebellion, despite pressures in some quarters to cast Peter Finch. The result was a box office disappointment and Rafferty's performance was much criticised.

Rafferty was meant to follow this with a comedy for Ealing co-starring Tommy Trinder. Instead, Ealing put the two actors in a drama about aboriginal land rights Bitter Springs (1950). The film was not widely popular and Ealing wound up their filmmaking operation in Australia.

Rafferty kept busy as an actor, appearing on radio in a show Chips: Story of an Outback. He was cast by 20th Century Fox in a melodrama they shot in Australia, Kangaroo (1952). The studio liked his performance enough that they flew him (and Charles Tingwell) over to Los Angeles to play Australian soldiers in The Desert Rats (1953), a war movie.

Producer
Film production in Australia had slowed to a trickle and Rafferty decided to move into movie production. He wanted to make The Green Opal, a story about immigration but could not get finance. However he then teamed up with a producer-director Lee Robinson and they decided to make movies together.

Their first movie was The Phantom Stockman (1953), directed by Robinson and starring Rafferty, and produced by them both. The film was profitable. It was followed by King of the Coral Sea, which was even more popular, and introduce Rod Taylor to cinema audiences. Rafferty and Robinson attracted the interest of the French, collaborated with them on the New Guinea adventure tale, Walk Into Paradise (1956). This was their most popular movie to date.

Rafferty also appeared as an actor only in a British-financed comedy set in Australia, Smiley (1956). It was successful and led to a sequel, Smiley Gets a Gun (1958),in which Rafferty reprised his role. In England he appeared in The Flaming Sword (1958).

He also participated in cinema advertisements that were part of an Australian Government campaign in 1957 called "Bring out a Briton". The campaign was launched in a bid to increase the number of British migrants settling in Australia.

Rafferty and Robinson raised money for three more movies with Robinson. He elected not to appear in the fourth film he produced with Robinson, Dust in the Sun (1958), their first flop together. Nor was he in The Stowaway (1959) and The Restless and the Damned (1960). All three films lost money and Rafferty found himself in financial difficulty.

Later career
Rafferty returned to being an actor only. He had a small role in The Sundowners (1960), with Robert Mitchum and Deborah Kerr and played a coastwatcher in The Wackiest Ship in the Army (1960) with Jack Lemmon and Ricky Nelson. He guest starred in several episodes of the Australian-shot TV series Whiplash (1961).

Rafferty was cast as one of the mutineers in the 1962 remake of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer's Mutiny on the Bounty, starring Marlon Brando. The filming of Bounty in Tahiti dragged longer than six months but it restored him to financial health after the failure of his production company; it enabled him to buy a block of flats which supported him for the rest of his life. Rafferty dubbed the film The Bounteous Mutiny.

In 1962, the 6 foot 5 inch actor was socialising with fellow expatriates in a London club when they were joined by an Australian who acted as doorman, and unbeknownst to Rafferty, was a professional wrestler. Claiming he was being ignored after helping them get in the doorman was so argumentative that Rafferty was provoked into accepting a challenge to 'step outside'. In the severe beating that followed he sustained deep grazing across his face and suffered a myocardial infarction (he had not been aware of having a heart condition until the incident) costing him the chance at roles in two major film productions.

In 1963 he recorded a long play record with Festival Records (FL-31015) entitled A man and his horse, narrating a selection of works from Australian verse composers including Banjo Paterson (1864–1941), Adam Lindsay Gordon (1833–1870) and Will H. Ogilvie (1869–1963).

Rafferty appeared in some episodes of the series Adventure Unlimited shot in 1963. He played the Australian Prime Minister in the Australian sci-fi TV series The Stranger (1964) then travelled to England and appeared in eight episodes of Emergency-Ward 10 (1964). While in England he was in The Winds of Green Monday (1965) on British TV.

He travelled to the US and guest starred in episodes of The Wackiest Ship in the Army (1965) (as a different character to the role that he played in the movie version). This led to further offers to work in Hollywood on television shows; he played a Union soldier in The Big Valley (1966) with a noticeably Australian accent. He was also in episodes of Gunsmoke (1966) and Daktari (1966). "What else can I do but look to America for my future when there is still no assistance or help from the government," said in April 1966.

Back in Australia Rafferty had a good part in the Australian-shot comedy They're a Weird Mob (1966) a big local success. He returned to Hollywood to appear in episodes of The Girl from UNCLE (1967), Tarzan (1967) and The Monkees, as well as the Elvis Presley movie Double Trouble (1967) and the adventure tale Kona Coast (1968)

Returning to Australia he guest-starred in Skippy the Bush Kangaroo, Adventures of the Seaspray (1967), Rita and Wally (1968), Woobinda, Animal Doctor (1970) and Dead Men Running (1971). He continued to make films such as Skullduggery (1970).

Rafferty's final film role was in 1971's Wake in Fright, where he played an outback policeman. (The movie was filmed mainly in and around Rafferty's home town of Broken Hill.) In a review of the film, a critic praised Rafferty's performance, writing that he "exudes an unnerving intensity with a deceptively menacing and disturbing performance that ranks among the best of his career".

His final performance was in an episode of the Australian war series Spyforce (1971).

Hours before he died, Rafferty was offered a prominent role in a film The Day the Clown Cried by Jerry Lewis which was never completed or released.

Death
On 27 May 1971, Rafferty collapsed and died of a heart attack at the age of 62, while walking down a Sydney street shortly after completing his role in Wake in Fright. His wife Ellen had predeceased him in 1964 and they had no children. His remains were cremated and his ashes scattered into his favourite fishing hole in Lovett Bay.

Rafferty had been married to another woman from 1935 to 1940.

Honours
In the 1971 New Years' Honours, Rafferty was made a Member of the Order of British Empire (MBE) by Queen Elizabeth II for his services to the performing arts.

Australia Post issued a stamp in 1989 that depicted Rafferty in recognition of his work in Australian cinema, and in March 2006, Broken Hill City Council announced that the town's Entertainment Centre would be named in honour of Rafferty.

The Oxford Companion to Australian Film refers to Rafferty as "Australia's most prominent and significant actor of the 1940s–60s".

Australian singer/songwriter Richard Davies wrote a song, "Chips Rafferty" for his album, There's Never Been A Crowd Like This.

Associations
He was also a talented artist, and as "Long John Goffage" was a leading light of the Black and White Artists' Club. He was a Freemason.

Unmade projects
Rafferty tried to make the following projects but was unsuccessful:
 * Pepper Trees – comedy from Ealing about two immigrants, co-starring Tommy Trinder and Gordon Jackson, written and directed by Ralph Smart
 * The Green Opal – a £60,000 film about immigration he tried to make in 1951
 * Return of the Boomerang (1969) directed by Philip Leacock

Radio

 * Rafferty's Rules (1941)
 * Lightning Ridge Australian Walkabout (1948)
 * The Sundowner (1950)
 * Chips (1952)
 * It's Not Cricket (1953)

title: Chips Rafferty


text:
Template talk:Invertebrate-stub

Ignore my previous comment (which I have, of course, removed); I misunderstood the situation. New stub categories have been created (albeit not fully integrated) for Crab-stub and Ichneumonoidea-stub. --Stemonitis 07:39, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Hello; I removed the crab from when I created a new stub category  for the considerable number of short crab articles in evidence. I agree that the leech isn't ideal, but I thought it represented a more typical invertebrate than a crab. Feel free to replace it with something better. 80.255 16:21, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Template talk:Invertebrate-stub


text:
Woodlawn Cemetery (Elmira, New York)

Woodlawn Cemetery is the name of a cemetery in Elmira, New York, United States. Its most famous burials are Mark Twain and his wife Olivia Langdon Clemens. Many members of the United States Congress, including Jacob Sloat Fassett are also interred there.

Within Woodlawn Cemetery is the distinct Woodlawn National Cemetery, begun with the interment of Confederate prisoners from the nearby Elmira Prison (dubbed "Hellmira" by its inmates) during the American Civil War. It is run by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs. Both cemeteries are still active and together were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.

Notable burials

 * John Arnot, Jr. (1831–1886) US Representative, mayor, Civil War in veteran, businessman
 * James Chaplin Beecher (1828–1886), Civil War general
 * Frank LaMar Christian (1876–1955), prison warden
 * Clara Clemens (1874–1962), concert singer and Mark Twain's only surviving child and widow of Ossip Gabrilowitsch
 * Jean Clemens (1880–1909), Mark Twain's youngest daughter
 * Olivia Langdon Clemens (1845–1904), Mark Twain's wife and editor
 * Susy Clemens (1872–1896), Mark Twain's eldest daughter and a biographer of him
 * Ernie Davis (1939–1963), Heisman Trophy winner from Syracuse University
 * Alexander S. Diven (1809–1896), Civil War general
 * Jacob Sloat Fassett (1853–1924), US Representative
 * Thomas S. Flood (1844–1908), US Representative
 * Ossip Gabrilowitsch (1878–1936), Russian-born American pianist married to Clara Clemens.
 * Hiram Gray (1801–1890), US Representative
 * John W. Jones (1817–1900), ex-slave and sexton of Woodlawn National Cemetery
 * Thomas Maxwell (1792–1864), US Representative
 * Anna Campbell Palmer (1854–1928), novelist
 * Samuel Partridge (1790–1883), US Representative
 * Alexander W. Randall (1819–1872), 6th Governor of Wisconsin
 * Hal Roach (1892–1992), comedy film & television producer
 * Lucius Robinson (1810–1891), Governor of New York
 * Hosea H. Rockwell (1840–1918), US Representative
 * Horace B. Smith (1826–1888), US Representative
 * Esther Baker Steele (1835–1911), educator, author, editor, philanthropist
 * Mark Twain (Samuel L. Clemens) (1835–1910), author
 * Asher Tyler (1798–1875), US Representative
 * Jonas S. Van Duzer (1846–1918), creamery manufacturer and assemblyman

title: Woodlawn Cemetery (Elmira, New York)


text: Category:Education in Romania

title: Category:Education in Romania


text:
User talk:Oklahistorybuff

About ComposerFan.com
Written by a music teacher for both students, teachers and all who wish to learn and discuss more about their favorite composers, ComposerFan.com is a family of sites which is starting to expand. The anchor site is GershwinFan.com -- the premier site on George & Ira Gershwin on the Internet.

License tagging for Image:Glenn Coffee.jpg
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This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. If you need help on selecting a tag to use, or in adding the tag to the image description, feel free to post a message at Media copyright questions. 22:06, 16 December 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Oklahistorybuff


text: Category:High schools in Romania

title: Category:High schools in Romania


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Albcomport

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was COPYVIO, with no offer of a rewrite. -Splash 23:55, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

Albcomport
Advertising for non-notable company BrowardHick 07:33, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Copyvio from []. Tagged. --GraemeL (talk) 11:23, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per WP:NOT: advertising. — RJH 15:23, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - advert - Tεx  τ  urε  16:27, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Labadee

Labadee (Labadie) is a private resort located on the northern coast of Haiti within the arrondissement of Cap-Haïtien in the Nord department. In 1985 the government of Haiti under the leadership of the dictator Jean-Claude "Baby Doc" Duvalier leased the area to Royal Caribbean Group, for the exclusive use of passengers of its three cruise lines: Royal Caribbean International, Celebrity Cruises, and Azamara Club Cruises. The lease was later extended to 2050. The resort is completely tourist-oriented and is guarded by a private security force. The site is doubly fenced off from the surrounding area; passengers cannot leave the property and locals cannot enter. Food available to tourists is brought from the cruise ships. A controlled group of Haitian merchants are given sole rights to sell merchandise and establish their businesses in the resort. Although sometimes described as an island in advertisements, it is actually a peninsula contiguous with the island of Hispaniola. The cruise ship moors to the pier at Labadee are capable of servicing the Oasis class ships, which was completed in late 2009. The commercial airport that is closest to Labadee is Cap-Haïtien International Airport.

Attractions include a Haitian flea market, beaches, watersports, a water-oriented playground, an alpine coaster, and the largest zip-line over water.

Etymology
The location is named after Marquis de La Badie, a Frenchman who first settled the area in the 17th century. The peninsula and a village were named Labadie. The cruise company spells the name "Labadee" to make it easier for American English-speakers to pronounce.

History
Labadee is a 260-acre private resort that was leased to Royal Caribbean Cruises in 1986. In the 1990s, it was variously reported that many cruise ship guests who disembarked at the location were unaware that they were in Haiti - at least in part because the cruise company seemed to have a policy of referring only to Hispaniola, not that they were in Haiti.

In November 2001, a crew member from the cruise line Royal Caribbean was attacked on Labadee in an apparent robbery. The assailants were arrested by Haitian police.

In February 2004, during the 2004 Haitian coup d'état, Royal Caribbean temporarily suspended use of the stop due to the political unrest in the country.

In 2009, Royal Caribbean made US$55 million in improvements to the facilities, including upgrading port facilities to allow the docking of their largest cruise ships.

In January 2010, just after the 2010 Haiti earthquake, Royal Caribbean announced its intention to continue cruise stopovers at the port and use cruise ships to ferry relief supplies and personnel. In addition, it would donate US$1 million to fund relief efforts in Haiti.

In January 2016, Haitians in boats protesting against the Haitian government blocked the port. Royal Caribbean's Freedom of the Seas cancelled their port stop on January 19 as a result.

On March 14, 2024, Royal Caribbean suspended cruise calls to Labadee due to widespread gang violence and political upheaval in Haiti.

title: Labadee


text:
The Jefferson Dancers

The Jefferson Dancers is the performance group of advanced students from the magnet arts dance program at Jefferson High School in Portland, Oregon, United States. The company was founded by Mary Vinton Folberg in the early 1980s. Folberg served as artistic director of the dance company from its founding until the mid-1990s.

Currently, Steve Gonzales holds the title of Artistic Director of the company that is now the longest running dance program in Portland, Oregon.

The company performs annually in Portland venues, such as the Newmark Theatre. The company also performs in Portland's Singing Christmas Tree. Past international tours have included performances in England, France, Germany, Italy and Canada, and in 1991 the company performed in Moscow and Leningrad. The group has also performed at Kennedy Center, in Hood River, Oregon, and in numerous schools around the state, often teaching children's dance classes.

In 1992, Folberg went on sabbatical, during which Julane Stites served as artistic director of the company. That year, the company was the subject of the 30-minute Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) program titled A Musical Encounter: The Dance Program. Stites left the program for the Arts & Communication Magnet Academy in Beaverton in 1999.

In 1995, Folberg left the dance department of Jefferson High School to found The Northwest Academy, an alternative arts high school in Portland. Program alumni and MOMIX dancer Steve Gonzales has served as artistic director since 1999.

title: The Jefferson Dancers


text:
User:Zenithan

More to come? Heh.

title: User:Zenithan


text:
User:SignalMan

Hello everybody, I’m SignalMan. A newly registered Wikipedian here that has taken on a really high interest into this site and all of its amazing articles and facts, it took a while to understand the format that is used to create such articles. I started off creating the article for Falling scream a description of a sound mostly used in cartoons to describe falling stuff. Now I have created several original articles that worked in relevance.

About Me...
SignalMan is actually the Wikipedian name for Steed Ambrose McIntosh Rodriguez (alternatively Steed McIntosh or S.A. McIntosh); born Wednesday, November 21, 1984. He is an American college student, writer/author, composer, novice/intermediate web designer, graphic designer, digital photographer and conceptualist. Mostly characterized as a laid-back and constant worlds-creator and designer of multiple sites. Other than his usual activities he is also a constant volunteer for numerous organizations within New York City some of them include: NYC & Company, New York Road Runners, The Former NYC 2012 Campaign and the American Bus Association.

As of February of 2007 he is a Arts Associate graduate in Social Sciences & Humanities from LaGuardia Community College in Long Island City, New York and in internships with a local NYC councilman.

Travel Projects
During times when I do have the time i go around New York City through the MTA's transit system to far off places and at great distances never before attempted with normal public transportation.

Coney Island Excursion c. 2005
The first long-distant public transportation attempt was in taking the length of the F-line from 169th street (where he lives around) to Coney Island Station before the summer opening of Astroland.

Four Corners c. 2007
Four Corners is the name of the attempt to make it out to the four furthermost stations in the city. There were some attempts but failed due to time constraints but finally the last attempt was a success and was documented in a video short; Distant Minute #17. These are the destinations that took place.

 * Coney Island–Stillwell Avenue (New York City Subway)
 * Wakefield–241st Street (IRT White Plains Road Line)
 * Far Rockaway–Mott Avenue (IND Rockaway Line)
 * Tottenville (Staten Island Railway station) via Staten Island Ferry

Tottenville Mountauk Route 2008
The Tottenville-Mountauk Route will be the latest in one of the public transit travel events of this year. It will be the longest attempt to travel exclsivily by bus from Totttenville, New York to the small town of Montauk in Long Island

Original Articles
Falling scream, Timbuk2, Queens Place Mall, Regency Buck (band)

Interesting People
Bill Nye, Paul Zaloom, Rudy Coby

Anime
Cowboy Bebop

Comedy
Mad TV, Titus

Documentaries
Mythbusters, How it's Made, Bullshit!

Action
Megas XLR, Secret Agent Man

Movies
Rat Race, Mystery Men, Wild, Wild West, Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb, Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle, The One

Music
The Bloodhound Gang, Regency Buck, OceanLab, The Chemical Brothers, Paul Oakenfold, Conjure One, Depeche Mode, BT, Tube & Berger, Zeromancer, Rammstein, Delerium, Deep Forest, Fatboy Slim, Madonna, Boards of Canada, Lazyboy, Maximilian Hecker, Freezepop, Poets of the Fall, Talking Heads, Utada Hikaru Naomi, Muse, Chumbawamba, Death in Vegas, Underworld, William Orbit, Nine Inch Nails, Weezer

Food & Drink
White Castle, Cheeseburger, Lobster, Shrimp Pizza, Lemonade, Orangeade

Miscellaneous
Dragons

Music Development
All of the songs I created are mixed with .wav samples from Magix Music maker software during those years.

Albums

 * Destination: Everywhere (2002)
 * Brought to you in Quintophonic Sound (2002)
 * The Miami Calm Before the Storm (2002)
 * Nunnavuut (2002)
 * They Always Come When You’re Smiling (2003)
 * .wav (2003)
 * Shorts (2003)

Singles

 * Bullet Train Tour Through Tokyo (2002)
 * Maelstrom Melody (2002)

Trivia

 * Despite what the userbox says, I'm considered a "Faithful Agnostic". Mostly as a result of age and learning the more things are 'fucked up' it is my conclusion that there could be a supreme being but I don't worship anyone with the track record of what George Carlin would say as... "A spooky, incompetent Father-figure who doesn't really give a shit".

Sandbox Lab Link
Sandbox Lab

title: User:SignalMan


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Conways

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. --Ryan Delaney talk 08:22, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

Conways
Page on random nn bar in Dublin BrowardHick 07:39, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per nom. Alf 14:29, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom. --TheMidnighters 16:27, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete no notability asserted. -- Etacar11   02:21, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete not notable Groeck 18:09, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - not notable - Tεx  τ  urε  16:27, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Conways


text:
Phenylacetic acid

Phenylacetic acid (conjugate base phenylacetate), also known by various synonyms, is an organic compound containing a phenyl functional group and a carboxylic acid functional group. It is a white solid with a strong honey-like odor. Endogenously, it is a catabolite of phenylalanine. As a commercial chemical, because it can be used in the illicit production of phenylacetone (used in the manufacture of substituted amphetamines), it is subject to controls in countries including the United States and China.

Occurrence
Phenylacetic acid has been found to be an active auxin (a type of plant hormone), found predominantly in fruits. However, its effect is much weaker than the effect of the basic auxin molecule indole-3-acetic acid. In addition the molecule is naturally produced by the metapleural gland of most ant species and used as an antimicrobial. It is also the oxidation product of phenethylamine in humans following metabolism by monoamine oxidase and subsequent metabolism of the intermediate product, phenylacetaldehyde, by the aldehyde dehydrogenase enzyme; these enzymes are also found in many other organisms.

Preparation
This compound may be prepared by the hydrolysis of benzyl cyanide:
 * Synthesis of phenylacetic acid from benzyl cyanide.png

Reactions
Phenylacetic acid undergoes ketonic decarboxylation to form ketones. It can be condensed with itself to form dibenzyl ketone, or with a large excess of another carboxylic acid (in the form of an acid anhydride), such as with acetic anhydride to form phenylacetone.

Applications
Phenylacetic acid is used in some perfumes, as it possesses a honey-like odor even in low concentrations. It is also used in penicillin G production and diclofenac production. It is also employed to treat type II hyperammonemia to help reduce the amounts of ammonia in a patient's bloodstream by forming phenylacetyl-CoA, which then reacts with nitrogen-rich glutamine to form phenylacetylglutamine. This compound is then excreted from the patient's body. It's also used in the illicit production of phenylacetone, which is used in the manufacture of methamphetamine.

The sodium salt of phenylacetic acid, sodium phenylacetate, is used as a pharmaceutical drug for the treatment of urea cycle disorders, including as the combination drug sodium phenylacetate/sodium benzoate (Ammonul).

Phenylacetic acid is used in the preparation of and derived from several pharmaceutical drugs, including camylofin, bendazol, triafungin, phenacemide, lorcainide, phenindione, phenelzine and cyclopentolate.

In popular culture
In the crime drama Breaking Bad, phenylacetic acid is featured twice as a precursor to methamphetamine, first in the episode titled "A No-Rough-Stuff-Type Deal", then in "Salud".

title: Phenylacetic acid


text:
Anna Sandor

Anna Sandor is a Hungarian-born Canadian/American film and television screenwriter. Sandor began her career as an actress, becoming a writer in her mid-twenties. Her films have garnered numerous major awards, including multiple Emmy nominations, three Humanitas Prizes, the Writers Guild of America Award and the Gemini Award. She has also won the Margaret Collier Award for lifetime achievement in the Canadian industry.

Her Canadian credits include the television films A Population of One (1980), The Running Man (1981), Charlie Grant's War (1985), The Marriage Bed (1986), Mama's Gonna Buy You a Mockingbird (1987) and Two Men (1988), and episodes of the television series King of Kensington, Flappers, Seeing Things and Hangin' In, a sitcom she co-created that ran for 7 seasons. She moved to the United States in 1989. Her American movies for television include "Miss Rose White" (Emmy winner); "Amelia Earhart, the Final Flight" (starring Diane Keaton); "My Louisiana Sky" (Emmy winner) and many other notable films.

Sandor is a graduate of Harbord Collegiate Institute and the School of Dramatic Art at the University of Windsor. She lives in San Diego, California.

title: Anna Sandor


text:
Chilperic of Aquitaine

Chilperic (sometimes Childeric in the chronicles of the time) was the infant son of Charibert II, and briefly king of Aquitaine in 632. He was killed shortly after his father in 632, under orders by Dagobert I, Charibert's half-brother.

title: Chilperic of Aquitaine


text:
Jamaican Blue Mountain Coffee

Jamaican Blue Mountain Coffee or Jamaica Blue Mountain Coffee is a classification of coffee grown in the Blue Mountains of Jamaica. The coffee was introduced to Jamaica in 1728.

Jamaican Blue Mountain Coffee is an Arabica coffee-bean variety called Typica, which originated in southwestern Ethiopia.

The best lots of Blue Mountain coffee are noted for their mild flavour and lack of bitterness. Over the past few decades, this coffee has developed a reputation that has made it one of the world's most expensive and sought-after coffees. Over 80% of all Jamaican Blue Mountain Coffee is exported to Japan. In addition to their use for brewed coffee, the beans are the flavour base of Tia Maria coffee liqueur.

Jamaican Blue Mountain Coffee is a globally protected certification mark, meaning only coffee certified by the Jamaica Commodities Regulatory Authority (previously the Coffee Industry Board of Jamaica) can be labelled as such. It comes from a recognised growing region in the Blue Mountain region of Jamaica, and the Coffee Industry Board of Jamaica monitors its cultivation.

Generally located between Kingston to the south and Port Antonio to the north, the Blue Mountains are some of the highest mountains in the Caribbean, rising to 2256 m. The region's climate is cool and misty with high rainfall, and the soil is rich with excellent drainage, conditions considered ideal for coffee cultivation.

The Coffee Industry Regulation Act
The Coffee Industry Regulation Act specifies what coffee may use the Blue Mountain label. Additionally, it restricts the use of the Blue Mountain trademark to those authorized by the Jamaica Agricultural Commodities Regulatory Authority (formerly the Coffee Industry Board). Broadly speaking, coffee harvested from the parishes of Saint Andrew, Saint Thomas, Portland and Saint Mary may be considered Blue Mountain coffee.

Traditionally, only coffee grown at elevations between 3000 ft and 5500 ft could be called Jamaica Blue Mountain. Coffee grown at elevations between 1500 ft and 3000 ft is called Jamaica High Mountain, and coffee grown below 1500 ft elevation is called Jamaica Supreme or Jamaica Low Mountain. (All land in Jamaica above 5500 ft is a forest preserve, so no coffee is grown there.)

Blue Mountain Coffee is registered with the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) as a certification mark (No. 1,414,598), protected as a community trademark (No. 002093060) in the European Union and as a certification trademark (No. 1222993) with the Intellectual Property Office (IPO) of the United Kingdom. Jamaica Blue Mountain Coffee is registered with the Jamaica Intellectual Property Office as a Geographical Indication.

Classifications of Blue Mountain Coffee
There are generally three types of grades of Jamaica Blue Mountain ranked by size and defects. Number 1 beans are the largest and most desired with the least defects, followed by number 2 and 3 beans. Separately, there are peaberry beans, which are smaller beans that appear shaped like a rugby ball as opposed to the usual flat beans.

As with most other varieties of coffee, there are several grades assigned to different lots based on factors such as size, appearance, and defects allowed.

Jamaican Blue Mountain Coffee Day
In December 2018, the Japanese Government accepted a motion from the Association of Japanese Importers of Jamaican Coffee (AJIJC) to recognize January 9, 2019, as the first Jamaican Blue Mountain Coffee Day. This day is in recognition of January 9, 1967 when 60% of that year's harvest was shipped from the Port of Kingston, Jamaica to Japan. This very large shipment of coffee marked the beginning of a new relationship between Jamaica and Japan after the second world war. To date, Japan continues to be the largest consumer of Jamaican Blue Mountain Coffee.

The Jamaican Blue Mountain Coffee Day includes promotional activities that lead up to the day and is celebrated locally in Jamaica and Japan as well as in large cities around the world such as New York and London and several Jamaican embassies.

Jamaican Blue Mountain Coffee Festival
The inaugural Jamaican Blue Mountain Coffee Festival took place over three days on March 23, 24, and 25 in 2018 at Newcastle in St. Andrew, Jamaica. The following year, it occurred on March 1, 2, 3 in 2019 in the same region. Due to the Covid-19 Pandemic the event was canceled in 2020. Organizers switched to a virtual event in 2021 that was offered internationally as a live event on social media. The expanded grand festival took place in-person in 2022 on March 4 and lasted a whole month until April 2.

The festival featured Jamaican Blue Mountain coffee products, promoted vendors, and showcased performers, tours, barista competitions, and food demonstrations for local and international attendees from producers, processors, consumers, and vendors.

The festival offered the opportunity to promote products to tourists, educate current farming producers through a Trade Day, and create opportunities to form matchmaking for buyers, processors, and exporters.

During the festival, workshops, seminars, and networking sessions were offered by the Jamaica Agricultural Commodities Regulatory Authority (JACRA), the Rural Agricultural Development Authority (RADA), and the Tourism Linkages Network (TLN).

title: Jamaican Blue Mountain Coffee


text:
User:Tomothy

I am an information fiend.

After an extended wikibreak caused by commuting, I'm baaack...

Me?
I live in England, with boyfriend and moggy.

I'm a mathematician and physicist. I'm currently studying for a degree in math.

In the mean time, I enjoy politics. I support the EU, am a Tory and also support the Green party. I'm a computer geek, and I program as a hobby. I'm good at languages, and I enjoy them too. I'm learning Esperanto and French at the moment, and I have an interest in Sumerian Cuneiform.

Oh, and I'm also a geeky computer person...

Censorship
WikiProject - Wikipedians Against Censorship

I support the Wikipedians against censorship WikiProject. I think that WikiPedia has an important role in Freedom of Expression, and that we need to think carefully about that long before we start looking at content because of controversial or explicit nature.

Articles which I like keep an eye on
There are few articles which I have a particular interest in, for various reasons, and I like to keep an eye on them and what happens to them. They are:

 * Otherkin(Talk)
 * Homosexuality(Talk)
 * Semantic web(Talk)
 * Homophobia(Talk)
 * Gay(Talk)

I need to get round to filling in this list, in the mean time you can always look at My Watchlist

Notice boards, and other useful places

 * LGBT_notice_board
 * Administrators'_noticeboard
 * Village_pump

Pages I created

 * Quantum Mirage

Vikipedio
Mia pagio je Vikipedio

title: User:Tomothy


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Colonial de Santa Clara

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Woohookitty 10:09, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

Colonial de Santa Clara
Non-notable/What? Santa Clara where? BrowardHick 07:47, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Any of the locations mentioned in Santa Clara are possible. Delete. Being "a club-type building with a large dancing floor." doesn't automatically warrant an entry and I can't find any info to suggest this place was ever important, not to mention it lacks serious context. - Mgm|(talk) 08:24, August 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nomintaor. --GraemeL (talk) 11:27, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy Delete per A1. — Lomn | Talk / RfC 13:48:11, 2005-08-24 (UTC)
 * Delete per Mgm. --TheMidnighters 16:29, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Groeck 18:22, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - not notable - Tεx  τ  urε  16:27, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.