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Java Card OpenPlatform

Java Card OpenPlatform (JCOP) is a smart card operating system for the Java Card platform developed by IBM Zürich Research Laboratory. On 31 January 2006 the development and support responsibilities transferred to the IBM Smart Card Technology team in Böblingen, Germany. Since July 2007 support and development activities for the JCOP operating system on NXP / Philips silicon are serviced by NXP Semiconductors.

The title originates from the standards it complies with:
 * Java Card specifications
 * GlobalPlatform (formerly known as Visa Inc OpenPlatform) specifications

A Java Card JCOP has a Java Card Virtual Machine (JCVM) which allows it to run applications written in Java programming language.

First JC/OP Masks
Mask 0 : 1998 (spring) Mask 1 : 1998 Mask 2 and 3 : 1999 Mask 4 : 1999
 * First prototype on Atmel 8-bit uC – Flash memory, slow
 * Siemens/Infineon SLE66 IC – Public key cryptography
 * Gemplus International (now Gemalto) licensed JC/OP
 * Base mask for GemXpresso product line
 * Public key generation
 * Visa OpenPlatform
 * Contactless JC/OP on Philips Mifare Pro chip
 * 256 bytes RAM, 20 KB ROM and 8 KB EEPROM
 * Dual interface

JCOP01 and Cooperation with Philips
Mask 5 : 2000 Visa breakthrough program JCOP v2 JCOP v2.2
 * Philips P8WE smartcard microcontroller
 * ‘JCOP01’ is the foundation for all later versions
 * JCOP licensed by IBM
 * JCOP Tools for development
 * To counter MasterCard’s MULTOS
 * Cooperation between IBM (OS), Visa (OpenPlatform) and Philips (IC)
 * JCOP v1 owned by Visa
 * Owned by IBM, sold by Philips
 * Philips SmartMX controller (SMX)
 * GlobalPlatform 2.1.1
 * Java Card 2.2.1
 * Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) F2M support
 * JCOP Tools Eclipse based

JCOP Transfer
JCOP v2.2.1 – JCOP v2.3.1 JCOP v2.3.2
 * Owned by IBM, sold by Philips/NXP
 * Development transferred to IBM in Böblingen, Germany
 * USB interface
 * JCOP technology owned by IBM
 * Policy change at IBM
 * Source code license acquired by NXP Semiconductors
 * To serve customer requests and projects

JCOP by NXP
JCOP v2.4 JCOP v2.4.1 JCOP v2.4.2
 * first NXP developed JCOP version
 * ECC GF(p) support
 * Java Card 2.2.2
 * ECC primitive calculation support (point addition and multiplication)
 * Common Criteria 5+ certification (CC)
 * EMV, Visa and MasterCard approved
 * NFC integration into PN65N combo chip: NFC and Secure Element
 * additional algorithms to support eGovernment use cases, i.e. AES CMAC
 * CC 5+
 * NFC integration into PN65O

mobile
Smartcard controller SmartMX2, P61, flash based persistent memory

JCOP 3.0 JCOP 3.1
 * NFC integration into PN65T
 * Java Card 3.0.1 classic edition
 * GlobalPlatform 2.2.1
 * EMV platform certification
 * NFC integration into PN66T

card
SMX2, P60, EEPROM based persistent memory

JCOP 3.x (not released as of Dec 26, 2014)

Technical Overview
JCOP is an operating system for a security sensitive embedded system environment, smartcard or secure element controllers in particular. The functional architecture can be partitioned into three parts:
 * Java Card, for development of applications, i.e. API and structure of card applets similar to class files
 * GlobalPlatform, for administration of applications and operating system, i.e. loading and access control
 * JCOP proprietary features, mainly Java Card API extensions, i.e. ECC primitive calculation or MIFARE DESFIRE management

NXP offers also MIFARE emulations for Classic and DESFIRE on the same chip as additional (native) operating systems. While JCOP is based on open standards, MIFARE technology is NXP specific. Java Card applets running in JCOP can then be used to manage the MIFARE memory through Java Card API. MIFARE Plus and MIFARE Ultralight are not (yet) supported.

GlobalPlatform
GP is a high-level standard with many options. As of JCOP 3, support for GP 2.2.1 was added, in particular to support mobile use cases JCOP 3 is fully Secure Element configuration compliant.

GP 2.2.1 card specification, core Amendment A - Confidential Card Content Management (C3M) Amendment C - Contactless Services Amendment D - Secure Channel Protocol 03 (AES) Amendment E - Security Upgrade UICC configuration Secure Element configuration
 * issuer centric or simple model
 * delegated management
 * authorized management
 * verification authority (GP 2.1.1 controlling authority)
 * Data Authentication Pattern (DAP)
 * Secure Channel Protocol 02 (SCP), pseudo random, C-MAC, C-ENC, R-MAC, R-ENC
 * all the privileges are supported
 * see implementation details in UICC configuration and Amendment E
 * every protocol but FeliCa is supported
 * additionally MIFARE Classic and DESFIRE is supported
 * HCI notifications are supported
 * only AES-128
 * all options are supported (random)
 * SHA-256 and EC-256
 * C3M scenario #3
 * scenarios #1, #2A and #2B
 * SCP 80 and 81 is not supported (ETSI)
 * JCOP 3 is fully compliant

Java Card
From the optional packages JCOP 3 does not support the javacardx.framework. From the crypto and signature classes, some algorithms are not supported, i.e. MD5 and EC F2M. The key lengths (amongst others) supported are AES-128, DES, 2DES3, 3DES3, EC up to 521 bit, RSA up to 2048 bit.

Communication Protocols
JCOP 3 supports ISO-7816, ISO-14443 type A and B (through SWP - NFC controller) and SWP/HCI. USB low speed was supported only on JCOP v2.3.1.

Extensions
JCOP 3 supports various extensions, i.e. MIFARE DESFIRE management support for MIFARE4Mobile. It is important to know that usage of extensions used in applets (not part of Java Card and GlobalPlatform specifications) makes this applications not portable to other Java Card and GlobalPlatform compliant operating systems.

JCOP Tools
JCOP Tools were initially developed by IBM. The first module was a command line tool called JCOP Shell or JCShell. The development tools is a plugin to Eclipse IDE. NXP has maintained JCOP Tools and extended it with a CryptoPlugin and new JCOP simulations. The tools are offered for Windows, macOS and Linux platforms.

JCShell
JCShell is a Java program, command line tool which also supports scripting. The JCShell scripting language is sophisticated to create test and verification scripts. JCShell has a plugin structure where existing base plugin (similar to Eclipse plugins) which supports the most basic on-card APDU commands such as raw send is extended with GlobalPlatform and crypto functionality. All the plugins are extendable by own functionality (in Java). There is a standalone JCShell version without the need to install Eclipse and an Eclipse-based version embedded in form of a View in the Debug perspective of JCOP Tools plugin.11

title: Java Card OpenPlatform


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Avoyel

The Avoyel or Avoyelles were a small Native American tribe who at the time of European contact inhabited land near the mouth of the Red River at its confluence with the Atchafalaya River near present-day Marksville, Louisiana. The Avoyel are a member of the federally recognized Native American tribe and sovereign nation of the Tunica Biloxi Tribe of Louisiana.

The U.S. Department of the Interior determined that: "The contemporary Tunica-Biloxi Indian Tribe is the successor of the historical Tunica, Ofo, and Avoyel tribes, and part of the Biloxi tribe. These have a documented existence back to 1698. The component tribes were allied in the 18th century and became amalgamated into one in the 19th century through common interests and outside pressures from non-Indian cultures."

Name
Also called variously Shi'xkaltī'ni (Stone-Arrow-Point people) in Tunican and Tassenocogoula, Tassenogoula, Toux Enongogoula, and Tasånåk Okla in the Mobilian trade language; all names (including the autonym Avoyel) are said by early French chroniclers to mean either "Flint People" or "People of the Rocks". This is thought to either reflect their active trading of flint for tools from local sources on their land in the eponymously named modern Avoyelles Parish or more likely as their status as middlemen in trading flint from Caddoan peoples to their north to the stone deficit Atakapa and Chitimacha peoples of the Gulf Coast.

French explorer Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville misleadingly called the Avoyel petits Taensas in 1699. However, they are a different group than the Natchez language–speaking Taensa, whom the French called the grand Taensas.

Language
The Avoyel language may have been related to the Natchez language.

Described by some historians as being a Caddoan group, and by others as a Natchez-speaking group of the Mary Haas' Gulf hypothesis Muskogean Language Macrofamily along with the Natchez and Taensa; their true linguistic and ethnic affiliation is somewhat uncertain because no written or spoken version of their language has survived.

17th century
At the time of European contact, the Avoyel lived in several villages on the Red River in locations near present-day Alexandria and a palisaded village near Marksville. They controlled the river to its confluence with the lower Black River, Upper Atchafalaya River and the Mississippi.

Never numerous, the Avoyel numbered 280 in 1698, according to French records. Their population declined markedly after that. The Avoyel likely experienced the same drastic decimation as Native American tribes, primarily due to newly introduced European infectious diseases to which they had no acquired immunity.

18th century
The Avoyel survivors were believed to have been absorbed by marriage into the neighboring Tunica, Ofo, and Biloxi peoples who had moved to the area sometime in the late 1780s or 1790s because of encroachment by Euro-Americans at their previous locations.

19th century
Indian Agent John Sibley wrote in 1805 that the only surviving Avoyel were two or three women living along the Washita River.

Descendants
Since the 19th century, descendants of the Avoyel people have been part of the Tunica-Biloxi.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Avoyel


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Lake Iguaque

Lake Iguaque is a lake located in the Boyacá Department of Colombia. The lake and the surrounding area was declared a Flora and Fauna Sanctuary in 1977.

Geography and climate
Lake Iguaque is located northeast of Villa de Leyva and is part of the SFF Iguaque. The predominant ecosystem is the páramo, with presence of frailejón plant, ferns, lichens and puyas. The average temperature is 12 °C. The route of access to the natural reservation is: Bogotá – Tunja (147 km) /Tunja – Villa de Leyva (39 km). The visitor center Furachiogua offers accommodation for up to 48 persons, and camping zone.

Cultural value
Lake Iguaque was considered a sacred place for the Muisca. According to legend, mankind was originated in the Iguaque lake, when the goddess Bachué came out from the lake with a boy in her arms. When the boy grew, she married him and their children populated the Earth. They are considered the ancestors of the human race. Finally Bachué and her husband disappeared unto the lake in the shape of snakes.

Biology
The in 2006 described sweat bee Neocorynura muiscae was found in the sanctuary near the lake and named after the Muisca.

title: Lake Iguaque


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User:Cholmes75/SandboxC

In my (so far) brief time as an admin on Wikipedia, I've already been asked about articles I delete by a number of editors. While I don't wish to be lazy, I think it may be best if I simply outline the main reasons why I usually delete articles. If after checking over this page, you still have questions, by all means let me know.

Speedy deletions
The deleted article may have met one of the criteria for speedy deletion. This includes, but is not limited to:
 * 1) Blatant advertising (CSD G11) - This is usually referred to as spam. Wikipedia is not a tool for you to promote your business.  Yes, many other businesses have articles on here (Microsoft, Nabisco, and Vodafone are examples).  But those articles are written and edited to be as neutral as possible.  This part cannot be emphasized enough.  If an article looks like it could be a press release, it could face deletion.
 * 2) The article did not assert the notability of the subject. (CSD A7) - This might be the most common reason articles are deleted. Your friend/band/company may be really great as far as you are concerned and may have done some great things.  But unless objective third parties also say that, they're not notable.  Giving proof of notability will help your cause a lot (especially in the form of websites that others can check).  These sources must be verifiable, otherwise they may be disregarded.  If the phrase "up and coming" could be used for the subject of an article, it will likely be deleted.  Just as stated before, Wikipedia is not a tool to promote your company, band, or friend.
 * 3) Blatant copyright infringement (CSD G12) - If an article is a copy of something found on another copyrighted work (usually a website), it must be deleted. Changing around a few words won't make it any less of a violation.

Other deletions

 * If I deleted an article that was listed on Articles for deletion, it is because the consensus in that particular debate was to delete it. Keep in mind that AfD is not a vote.  If 10 people say to delete, and give sound reasons, while another 10 say to keep and say "this is a great article," I will probably delete it.
 * The third method of deletion involves the WP:PROD process. Basically, someone stumbles across an article, decides that it doesn't belong, and marks it with a PROD tag.  If that tag has been on the article for at least 7 days and no one objects, it is up to the admin's discretion whether or not to delete the article.  If I agree with the reason stated on the prod tag, or can think of no compelling arguments to keep the article anyway, I usually delete.

title: User:Cholmes75/SandboxC


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Norwegian Coast Guard

The Norwegian Coast Guard (Kystvakten) is a maritime military force which is part of the Royal Norwegian Navy. The coast guard's responsibility are for fisheries inspection, customs enforcement, border control, law enforcement, shipping inspection, environmental protection, and search and rescue. It operates throughout Norway's 2385178 km2 exclusive economic zone (EEZ), internal waters and territorial waters. It is headquartered at Sortland Naval Base. In 2023 the Coast Guard had 900 employees, including conscripts, and a budget of 1.3 billion Norwegian krone.

The force is subdivided into three main divisions. The Outer Coast Guard covers the EEZ and consists of two Jan Mayen class offshore patrol vessels (with a third to be delivered in 2024), three Barentshav-class offshore patrol vessels as well as Ålesund, Svalbard and Harstad. The Inner Coast Guard consists of five Nornen-class patrol vessels. The Coast Guard has air support of the P-8 Poseidon patrol aircraft operated by the Royal Norwegian Air Force.

The Coast Guard has its basis in the defunct Fisheries Surveillance Service, which was established in 1908. It was a jointly military and civilian operation; it leased fishing vessels during the season to supplement larger navy vessels. This was converted into the Military Fisheries Surveillance in 1961. The Coast Guard was established on 1 April 1977, the same year as Norway delineated its EEZ. The restructuring led to the delivery of the Nordkapp-class and the Lynx helicopters. The Inner Coast Guard was established in 1996. The Coast Guard has participated in the 1990–91 Gulf War and the 2014 destruction of Syria's chemical weapons.

Coast Guard vessels bear the prefix KV, for "Kystvakt"; in English, these vessels are identified by the prefix NoCGV, for "Norwegian Coast Guard Vessel".

Jurisdiction and capabilities

The Coast Guard's main task is to assert and uphold Norwegian sovereignty over its inland waters, territorial waters and exclusive economic zone (EEZ). Its structure is centered around a peace-time role, with judicial basis in the Coast Guard Act (Kystvaktloven) of 1997. It states that the authority of the Coast Guard lies with the primary agency responsible for a situation and that the Coast Guard's powers supplement these. However, the Coast Guard also holds a series of independent capabilities in which it can take action without external instruction. The act also grants the Coast Guard law enforcement jurisdiction in given circumstances.

The Coast Guard is centered around providing services to a range of public agencies. These include the Coastal Administration, the Customs and Excise Authorities, the Directorate of Fisheries, the Environmental Agency, the Institute of Marine Research, the Mapping Authority, the Navy and the Police Service. This grants the Coast Guard a series of control rights including customs and border control for the Schengen Area.

The most extensive work is carried out in relation to fisheries. This involves both inspection and assistance. Assistance duties to fishing vessels and other vessels at sea include firefighting, including the use of water cannons and smoke divers; removing foreign objects at sea; and mechanical help, diver assistance and towing for vessels which have experienced motor breakdown. Offshore vessels also feature equipment to contain oil spills.

The Coast Guard is one of many agencies which can be called upon for search and rescue (SAR) missions. All such activity is either coordinated by the operations center of the respective police district, or by the Joint Rescue Coordination Centers in Southern Norway and Northern Norway, respectively.

Structure
The Norwegian Coast Guard is a formation within the Royal Norwegian Navy. It is led by the Chief of the Norwegian Coast Guard, who is subordinate to the Chief of the Navy. The Coast Guard is one of two seaborne formations of the Navy, the other being the Norwegian Fleet. These share land-based support functions, such as naval bases and academies.

The Coast Guard had its command and operative headquarters at Sortland Naval Base in downtown Sortland. It has a secondary base at Haakonsvern in Bergen, which is the primary base of the Navy. The Coast Guard uses four shared naval schools, the Norwegian Naval Academy in Bergen, RNoMS Tordenskjold at Haakonsvern, RNoMS Harald Hårfagre in Stavanger and the Navy Officer Candidate Schools in Bergen.

Unlike the rest of the Navy, the Coast Guard has some of its ships owned and partially operated by private contractors. Four vessels, those in the Barentshav-class and the Reine-class, are owned by Remøy Management. The Fosnavåg-based company leases the ships for a reported 160 million Norwegian krone per year to the Coast Guard. This includes all responsibility for maintenance and running of the galley and machine room. Ålesund is owned by Fosnavåg Shipping, while the Nornen-class is jointly owned by Remøy Management and Remøy Shipping.

In 2012 the Coast Guard carried out about 1,700 inspections and issued warnings to about a quarter of these. It also participated in 171 search and rescue missions. In 2013 it had a revenue of NOK 1,027 million. It had 829 employees that year, consisting of 382 military, 18 civilian employees and 429 conscripts. It performed 3,812 patrol-days and flew 599 helicopter-hours. Coast Guard vessels have two crews, which alternate between being at sea and are on leave. This allows for high utilization of the fleet.

Equipment
The fleet consists of fourteen vessels; nine are part of the Outer Coast Guard and five are part of the Inner Coast Guard. The Coast Guard does not itself operate any aircraft; these are instead operated by the Royal Norwegian Air Force (RNoAF) or by private contractors.

Outer Coast Guard vessels

The Coast Guard is replacing its existing Nordkapp-class offshore patrol vessels with significantly larger ice-capable ships, each displacing just under 10,000 tonnes. The three new Jan Mayen class ships are armed with a 57mm main gun and capable of operating up to two medium-sized helicopters. The ships have an overall length of 446 feet with a beam of 72 feet and a draft of 20 feet. The maximum speed is 22 knots with more than 60 days endurance and the complement is up to 100 people. The first ship, KV Jan Mayen, was launched by the Vard Tulcea shipyard in Romania in 2021 and towed to the Vard Langsten shipyard in Tomrefjord for completion. She was christened into service in November 2022, having started builder's sea trials in October. The ship was delivered in early 2023. The second ship of the class, KV Bjørnøya, was transferred to Norway for her final fit out at the Vard Langsten yard in February/March 2022. She was delivered to the Coast Guard in November 2023. The third and final ship, KV Hopen, was transferred to Norway for final fit out in January 2023.

NoCGV Svalbard (W303) has a displacement of 6,375 tonnes and an overall length of 103.7 m. It has a complement of 48, is armed with a Bofors 57 mm gun and can carry two helicopters. It predominantly serves Svalbard and the surrounding waters.

The Coast Guard operated three Nordkapp-class offshore patrol vessels, Nordkapp (W320), Senja (W321) and Andenes (W322). They were predominantly used in the Barents Sea. They have a displacement of 3,200&tonnes and an overall length of 105 m. They operate at 21 kn and have a crew of 50. They are armed with a Bofors 57 mm gun and four 20 mm guns. They have space for one helicopter and are equipped with two torpedo tubes. In 2022, it was indicated that Nordkapp would be transferred to the navy to operate in a mine countermeasures command role while Senja was decommissioned in 2021 and Andenes in 2023.

The Barentshav-class is made up of three vessels, Barentshav (W340), Bergen (W341) and Sortland (W342). Compared to older models they have been equipped with more extensive oil spill protection equipment. Supplemented with extensive firefighting and towing capabilities, they are built for expedient response for shipwrecking. They have a displacement of 4,000 tonnes, a length overall of 94 m and a speed of 20 km/h. Powered by liquefied natural gas, they have a crew of 40.

NoCGV Harstad (W318) is primarily designed as a tow boat. It is well equipped to handle oil spills and is designed to handle both deep-submergence rescue vehicle and remotely controlled vehicles. It is equipped with a Bofors 40 mm gun. Harstad has a displacement of 3,130 tonnes, a length 83 m and a crew of 22. It has an exceptional range and is used to refuel the outposts on Jan Mayen, Bjørnøya and Hopen.

NoCGV Ålesund (W312) was a general-purpose offshore patrol vessel. It operated in Southern Norway and was mostly used for fisheries inspection in the Norwegian Sea. It has a displacement of 1,357 tonnes, is 63 m long has a crew of 20 to 25. It was armed with a Bofors 40 mm gun. The vessel has since retired.

Inner Coast Guard vessels

The Inner Coast Guard operates five Nornen-class patrol vessels, Nornen (W33), Farm (W331), Heimdal (W332), Njord (W333) and Tor (W334). They have a displacement of 743 t and a length overall of 47.2 m. They have a compartment of 20 crew and are armed with a 12.7 mm machine gun. Their 2200 kW diesel-electric engines provide a top speed of 16 kn.

Aircraft
Prior to 2022, 333 Squadron operated six Lockheed P-3N Orion anti-submarine and maritime patrol aircraft. During peacetime their main role is intelligence and surveillance through a range of data sensing equipment. The major advantage of the Orions was that they could cover a very large area; some missions allowed it to monitor 450000 km2. During wartime they would be used for anti-submarine warfare and intelligence. The Orions had a range of 8000 km and were based at Andøya Air Station. From 2022, the squadron re-equipped with the Boeing P-8 Poseidon aircraft.

Lufttransport operates two Dornier 228 aircraft out of Svalbard Airport, Longyear. These fly a combined 400 hours per year for the Coast Guard for aerial surveillance of Svalbard.

The 337 Squadron operated six Westland Lynx Mk 86 helicopters for the Coast Guard. These could be stationed on the Nordkapp-class, the Barentshav-class and on Svalbard. They were used to extend the mobility and efficiency of the vessel's operation. At any given time at least two Coast Guard vessels had a Lynx on board, which remained on two-week cycles. They were predominantly used to patrol the coast off Troms, Finnmark and the Barents Sea, including the seas off Svalbard. The Lynxes were plagued with technical problems causing them often to be out of service. The helicopters had a range of 480 km, are 14.6 m long and have a cruising speed of 222 km/h.

Norway was in the process of replacing the Lynx with the NHIndustries NH90. Fourteen units were ordered, of which eight were to be used with Coast Guard vessels. Six more were to be used by the Fridtjof Nansen-class frigates. Operationally the helicopters were larger, with a length of 19.5 m, have a higher cruising speed of 259 km/h and have an improved range of 1000 km.

In June 2022 the Norwegian Minister of Defense announced the Norwegian Defence Material Agency was given the task to terminate the NH90 contract due to NHI not meeting contractual obligations, and announced that the NH90 is taken out of operation with immediate effect.

In 2023, Norway announced the acquisition of 6 MH-60R helicopters. The helicopters were initially to be deployed with the Coast Guard, though they would be prepared to be equipped for anti-submarine operations.

Predecessors

Following the dissolution of the union between Norway and Sweden in 1905 there arose a debate concerning access to fishing in Norwegian territorial waters. The predominant concern was that Swedes were fishing in Norwegian waters. Norway declared a 4 NM territorial water in 1906 and instructed the navy to take action against any foreign vessels fishing in those waters.

The following year British fishing vessels started fishing along the coast of Finnmark. The fisheries inspection had an unarmed ship at the time, but asked for navy support. Eidsvold and Heimdal the following year was dispatched to aid. The first arrest of a foreign vessel took place in 1911 of a British trawler outside Varangerfjorden. The work was seasonal and was jointly financed by the Ministry of Defence and the Ministry of Fisheries. From 1914 it was entirely a military-funded operation. Later ships to participate were Farm and Valkyrje.

From 1924 Michael Sars also participated in this work. The first dedicated coast guard vessel, Fridtjof Nansen, was commissioned in 1930. From 1937 it was supported by two smaller vessels, Nordkapp and Senja. Meanwhile, an espionage program was established to better locate illegal fisheries. All but Nordkapp were sunk in 1940 as part of the Second World War, although Senja was raised and repaired.

After the end of the war, the fisheries surveillance services were reorganized. A number of whaling ships which had participated in the Arctic convoys were put into use as surveillance vessels while the navy focused on minesweeping. The surveillance was supplemented with Flower-class corvettes. Three used River-class frigates were taken into use in 1956, allowing Nordkapp to be decommissioned in 1956 and Senja two years later. The corvettes and later the frigates were used both for fisheries inspection and held in readiness for war. They, therefore, incurred high operational costs, were inefficient and had a large degree of conscripts.

The Ministry of Fisheries appointed a committee in 1958 to consider the organization, and it concluded that the inspections should be a military affair. This led to the establishment of the Military Fisheries Surveillance, which consisted of three squadrons. Two were subordinate to the Navy Commands in Northern and Western Norway, respectively, while the third, serving the Oslofjord, was subordinate to the Oslo office. Meanwhile, work started on planning a new class of patrol vessels, which resulted in the commissioning of the Farm-class patrol vessel in 1962 and 1963. They were supplemented in 1964 by the used civilian Andenes-class patrol vessels.

Establishment
Norway extended its fisheries zone to 12 NM from 1 September 1961, although it kept the old definition of territorial waters. This followed Norway's participation in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, where there was a growing consensus for such an approach. Norway signed the North East Atlantic Fisheries Commission in 1959, which took effect from 1970. This established common rules for fisheries within large parts of the European North Atlantic and standardized the inspection regimes.

The surveillance ships carried out inspections during the fishing season and regularly caught foreign vessels using too small mesh size. However, few vessels were controlled due to the fleet's lack of suitability for the task. The issue was discussed in Parliament in 1973. After negotiations with the neighboring countries, a series of trawler-free zones were established. Norway continued to work towards international agreements to secure an EEZ, led by Jens Evensen.

Parallel with this work the government started considering a new organization for the fisheries surveillance. The Stoltenberg Commission, led by Thorvald Stoltenberg, was appointed in April 1974 and published its report in June 1975. In Norway there has traditionally been a strong negative sentiment against allowing military forces to be used against civilians. The Military Fisheries Surveillance represented one of very few exceptions. Several organizational models were discarded, including a civilian agency, a continuation of an integrated model and a virtual coast guard made up of units from various branches. Instead the commission proposed that the coast guard be organized as a separate unit under the navy. An important argument was to avoid duplicating services, such as an operative headquarter and naval bases. Meanwhile, the coast guard could act as a military presence to assert sovereignty.

The Coast Guard was originally organized with two squadrons. The location of the garrison for Northern Norway became a heated political debate. A commission led by Johan Jørgen Holst recommended either Ramsund, Sortland or Harstad, and the former received the majority vote in Parliament. The government followed up on the commission's report and established the Norwegian Coast Guard on 1 April 1977. At this time the Coast Guard had ten vessels in Northern Norway in addition to a seasonal fleet of up to thirty smaller, civilian vessels. Four vessels, all rented, were used in Southern Norway.

The government funded the establishment with 1.4 billion Norwegian krone (NOK), of which 1.2 billion was to be used for new ships. Two new P-3B Orions were bought for the 333 Squadron and the Coast Guard paid an hourly lease for their use in maritime surveillance. The new agency received three new helicopter-capable offshore patrol vessels, the Nordkapp-class. These were delivered in 1981 and 1982. During the second half of the 1970s there was a discussion as to which helicopter should be procured. A government commission recommended the Sikorsky SH-60 Seahawk, but the Westland Lynx was eventually preferred due to faster delivery and lower price. To operate the six Lynxes, the 337 Squadron was established and became operational in 1983. The Andenes-class was retired, while the Farm-class vessels were rebuilt and remained in service.

Early operations
During the 1980s the Coast Guard's concentrated its work on fisheries surveillance. A major part of this involved inspection of the fisheries protection zones around Jan Mayen and Svalbard. Here Soviet and later Spanish fishing vessels were a major participant. The Coast Guard played a major role in assessing the amount of caught fish. In most cases where it found non-conformities the agency would issue warnings. In 1988 it carried out 1,273 inspections, of which 21 involved seizure and 16 were reported. However, written warnings were issued in 268 cases, and 106 oral warnings were given.

Andenes carried out two research expeditions to the Antarctic, in 1984–85 and 1989–90 as part of the Pro Mare research program. It was also used to signal the territorial claim to Dronning Maud Land and the Weddell Sea. Andenes also participated in the Gulf War as Norway's participation. It acted as a support ship of the Royal Danish Navy's Olfert Fischer frigate.

Decreased fish stock during the 1990s resulted in more strict handling of violations. At the same time cooperation with neighboring countries improved. Greenlandic fishermen started fishing in the fisheries protection zones in 1991. In exchange for a Greenlandic acceptance of Norwegian and Russian management of the Barents Sea stocks, Greenland was issued quotas. This simply escalated the conflict, with Iceland joining fisheries from 1993. They claimed the protection zone was not valid in accordance with the Svalbard Treaty. The issue peaked on 5 August 1994, when Senja seized an Icelandic trawler. In 1997 the Coast Guard carried out 2,192 inspections, issued 566 warnings and seized 18 vessels.

After whaling commenced in 1993, the Coast Guard was involved with in a series of skirmishes with vessels from Greenpeace and Sea Shepherd. The conflict with the latter peaked in 1994 with a collision between Andenes and Whales Forever. After this incident, the forceful threat from anti-whaling activists diminished.

Change of scope
Following the end of the Cold War there arose a debate regarding the Coast Guards scope. With a diminishing threat from Russia, the navy decided that it would downplay the military role of the Coast Guard. This would allow the Norwegian Fleet and the Coastal Artillery to focus on training while the Coast Guard would focus entirely on its core tasks. In line with the trend of new public management, the government was eager to introduce user payment for the Coast Guard. This would have involved the various civilian agencies, such as the JCRRs, having to pay for Coast Guard services. The Navy argued that a key role of the Coast Guard was a constant presence and that invoicing for use would decrease its efficiency since it had low marginal costs with participating in SAR missions. In the end user payment was abandoned.

By the late 1980s the L-3B Orions were becoming obsolete. Five were therefore sold to the Spanish Air Force. Two were upgraded to the L-3N standard and four more new N-variants were bought.

Most Coast Guard ships have been leased instead of owned. This was a continuation of the practice of the Military Fisheries Surveillance. At first, these were issued on short-term contracts, but from 1994 ten-year contracts were used instead. As part of this arrangement two new major ships were built, NOCGV Ålesund and NOCGV Tromsø. They were built based on specifications from the Coast Guard and included equipment for handling oil spills.

The Coast Guard underwent a major restructuring in the mid-1990s. The former services became the Outer Coast Guard (Ytre Kysvakt, YKV) while a new Inner Coast Guard (Indre Kystvakt, IKV) was established to patrol the territorial waters. The latter was based on seven patrol areas, each assigned one vessel. A new Coast Guard Act was passed in 1997 and took effect in 1999. This involved a clearer division of roles between the Norwegian Fleet and Coastal Artillery on the one hand, and the Coast Guard on the other. The goal was to allow for closer integration of the Coast Guard and other civilian search and rescue agencies.

The relationship with Russia was complicated. In 1993 the Norwegian and Russian Coast Guard held a common conference in Sortland and since communication has eased and several top-level conferences have been held. Management in the Barents Sea is subordinate to the Joint Norwegian–Russian Fisheries Commission. Issues escalated in the early 2000s. In 2002 Russian inspectors boarded a Russian ship while it was being inspected by Norwegians. Three years later Elektron ran off with Norwegian inspectors on board.

Svalbard was commissioned in 2002 as the first icebreaking vessel of the Coast Guard. For the Inner Coast Guard, five Nornen-class patrol vessels were commissioned in 2007 and 2008. Harstad was commissioned in 2009 and was followed up with the tree vessels in the Barentshav-class for the Outer Coast Guard. Norway ordered fourteen NH90s in 2001. Eight of these were designated to the Coast Guard, while six will be used on the Fridtjof Nansen-class frigates. However, the first helicopter was not delivered until November 2011 and as of 2014 no Coast Guard variants have been completed.

The Coast Guard was reorganized from 2012. After a controversy regarding the new location, the two squadrons were disbanded. The new structure has its head office at Sortland Naval Base. This allows all staff, previously with a command at Akershus Fortress in Oslo and the squadrons at Sortland and Haakonsvern to be co-located. All ships were subsequently re-registered with Sortland as their home port, although those based in Southern Norway retain use of Haakonsvern as their base.

The Naval Home Guard commissioned two Reine-class patrol vessels in 2010. One of these were transferred to the Coast Guard in 2013. Andenes was dispatched to the Mediterranean Sea in May 2014 to participate in the destruction of Syria's chemical weapons. Replacing the frigate Helge Ingstad, Andenes was used to escort the freighter MV Taiko.

Due to delays on the new replenishment oiler HNoMS Maud it was decided that both Reine-class patrol vessels would be transferred to the navy as auxiliary ships.

title: Norwegian Coast Guard


text: User talk:68.167.105.122

title: User talk:68.167.105.122


text:
Clash (magazine)

Clash is a music and fashion magazine and website based in the United Kingdom. It is published four times a year by Music Republic Ltd, whose predecessor Clash Music Ltd went into liquidation.

The magazine won awards including the Best New Magazine award in 2004 at the PPA Magazine Awards, Magazine of the Year at the 2011 Record of the Day Awards, and others in England and Scotland.

History
Clash was founded by John O'Rourke, Simon Harper, Iain Carnegie and Jon-Paul Kitching. It emerged from the long-running Dundee, Scotland-based free-listings magazine Vibe. Re-launching as Clash Magazine in 2004, it won Best New Magazine award at the PPA Magazine Awards and Music Magazine of the Year at the Record of the Day Awards in 2005 and 2011 respectively.

At the turn of 2011, Clash took on an entirely new look, ditching its previous glossy feel and music-led design for an altogether more artistically-led approach. In 2013, it launched a Smartphone channel, the iOS Apple Magazine app of which went on to win 'Best Music Magazine' at the Digital Magazine Awards. In February 2014 it expanded into Android handsets.

In November 2014, the magazine published its 99th edition, but then withdrew from print publication in favour of moving to an online-first operation. The Web-based service continued throughout the magazine's absence from the news-stands. In late 2015 it was announced that Clash would return to print as a bimonthly magazine from February 2016, beginning its revived run with a 100th issue special.

Positioning
The publication draws on the larger Clash brand, which extends to live events around the country and festival partnerships/parties (such as RockNess, Snowbombing, and SXSW), and the website, ClashMusic.com. 2011 saw Clash partner Levi's and Spotify to bring Primal Scream to London's Electric Brixton for one of their final shows with the former the Stone Roses member, Mani.

The Clash Live brand's London activity used to incorporate a once-monthly club night at The Lexington, part of their tastemaking Ones To Watch section, which has played host to acts including Swimming, Three Trapped Tigers, Alpines and Wild Palms. More recently, this activity re-branded to be called 'Next Wave' in order to reflect internal changes in the magazine and now enjoys a residency at Hackney's new Oslo venue.

ClashMusic.com
ClashMusic.com launched in early 2008. The website often encompasses a wider variety of genres than its parent magazine, with pieces on left field acts like Gonjasufi and Perfume Genius, as well as emerging artists, appearing alongside content that ties in with magazine-featured artists. The website features numerous ongoing features such as "DJ Disasters", "Rapture & Verse" and "A Letter From...". It runs a Track of the Day feature from Monday to Friday.

The website underwent a redesign in October 2012, bringing it in line with the look of the print magazine.

Clash Essential 50
On 30 March 2009, ClashMusic began publishing the Essential 50—fifty albums which the website considered "the 50 greatest, most significant, downright brilliant albums of Clash's lifetime". Made up entirely of albums released in the past five years, the list was published in sections of three, with the top ten being released individually between 15 and 24 April 2009.

Awards

 * Music Magazine of the Year – Digital Magazine Awards, 2013
 * Magazine of the Year – Record Of The Day Awards, 2011
 * Magazine of the Year – PPA Scotland Magazine Awards, 2008
 * Consumer Magazine of the Year – PPA Scotland Magazine Awards, 2008
 * Consumer Magazine Editor of the Year – PPA Scotland Magazine Awards, 2007
 * Best Magazine Design of the Year – PPA Scotland Magazine Awards, 2007
 * Music Magazine of the Year – Record of the Day Awards, 2005
 * Best New Magazine – PPA Scottish Magazine Awards, 2004

Clash was nominated for Best Music Magazine and Best Podcast at the 2008 BT Digital Music Awards.

title: Clash (magazine)


text:
Talk:Saskatchewan New Democratic Party

"Nondp" website
I have serious doubts about the validity of this site, particularly in light of this 1999 press release from the Saskatchewan Party. CJCurrie 20:43, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

For immediate release June 22, 1999

Saskatchewan Party Condemns Website Forgeries

Saskatchewan Party Caucus Chief of Staff Reg Downs today issued the following statement regarding the Anti-Socialist Society Internet website (www.members.home.net/nondp):

"The Saskatchewan Party is in no way associated with this website.

"Our caucus and party are extremely upset and offended that someone has posted comments to this website’s ‘Guestbook’ which have been falsely attributed to myself, Saskatchewan Party Leader Elwin Hermanson and another member of our staff.

"It is our view that these actions constitute forgery. Section 366(1)(a) of the Criminal Code of Canada states: ‘Every one commits forgery who makes a false document, knowing it to be false, with intent that it should in any way be used or acted on as genuine, to the prejudice of any one whether within Canada or not.’

"I have contacted SaskTel in an attempt to determine who is responsible for these forgeries. I have also written to SaskTel Minister Dwain Lingenfelter to request that SaskTel investigate this matter. If we are able to determine the person or persons responsible for these forgeries, we will take appropriate legal action.

"The Saskatchewan Party strongly supports the right of every citizen to free speech on the Internet or in any other public forum. However, the right to free speech does not allow a person to falsely attribute statements to another person.

"For the record, both the Saskatchewan Party and the Saskatchewan Party Caucus have excellent websites at www.saskparty.com and www.skcaucus.com."

I see you socialists are back at it again -- trying to portray a revisionist history with respect to the government of Allan Blakeney and his predecessors. Just because they didn't properly account for unfunded liabilities or infrastructure decay in the 1970s and early 1980s prior to Devine coming to power, does not mean that they were not legitimate items. To attribute all of the debt to Devine's administration is simply to propogate an innaccurate myth.

64.110.251.69 08:18, 4 June 2006 (UTC)

That's an interesting view you're promoting. Do you have any sources to back it up? CJCurrie 21:44, 4 June 2006 (UTC)

Do you have any sources to back up your implied assertion that there was no debt before Devine came to power from the government of Allan Blakeney and his predecessors?

Merely reverting edits without justification is definitely against the spirit of wiki.

64.110.251.69 22:57, 4 June 2006 (UTC)

I've given you my justification. Your view is that the Blakeney government hid deficits. You're entitled to this view, but you'll need to back it up with something tangible if you want it included in the article.

I also don't appreciate the dodgy anti-NDP site you've linked the article to. CJCurrie 23:14, 4 June 2006 (UTC)

I don't appreciate that you only post pro-NDP sites and do not allow for a balanced view. Do you have any evidence whatsoever that all the deficits of the Government were the responsibility of the Devine administration?

It goes both ways. Don't try and have it both ways, it simply will not work that way.

64.110.251.69 01:59, 5 June 2006 (UTC)

We know that the Devine government posted deficits. This isn't a matter of debate. On the other hand, it is a matter of debate that the Blakeney government posted deficits.

You might want to look over RS sometime. CJCurrie 02:37, 5 June 2006 (UTC)

"Posting" deficits (the result of transparent accounting practices and balance sheet consolidation), and 'hiding' deficits (the result of phoney baloney such as "Fiscal Stabilization Funds" or hidden Crown Corporation debt or unrecognized pension plan unfunding) are entirely two different things.

64.110.251.69 09:30, 5 June 2006 (UTC)

Link was posted to prove defitcits did exist before Devine, so reverted article back.

NDP and scandals
The NDP government is now embroiled in a number of scandals including the Murdoch Carriere sexual harassment affair, and a scandal involving the cover-up of theft of caucus and taxpayers funds.

I agree with Greenjoe that this is not sufficiently verified. It comes from a highly partisan source - a hostile political campaigning website - whose portrayal of events might well be biased. What do other sources with a different viewpoint say on the same subject? Tearlach 11:38, 2 May 2007 (UTC)

NDP and scandals
The NDP government is now embroiled in a number of scandals including the Murdoch Carriere sexual harassment affair, and a scandal involving the cover-up of theft of caucus and taxpayers funds.

I agree with Greenjoe that this is not sufficiently verified. It comes from a highly partisan source - a hostile political campaigning website - whose portrayal of events might well be biased. What do other sources with a different viewpoint say on the same subject? Tearlach 11:40, 2 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Carriere was really blown out of proportion (see the above thread), but still considered a "scandal" by the SK party. Theft of caucus funds is in the news right now, but not really a government scandal since it has to do with their own caucus (but the papers are all over it and opposition is calling for resignations blah blah ect). Theft of taxpayers funds is news from a year ago I believe from Community Relations department (or something similar) and Env. department, but both were just employees and didn't really have anything to do with the government (except that they were in power at the time, but yelling by opposition blah blah ect again). I would be in favour of a complete ban on external links to all party sites and affiliates just to keep NPOV (the only exception should be on the article about the party to their home page because it's relavant). If you can't find a news source, it's either party propaganda or people don't like how the news source portrays it. (I'll be at WP:EL proposing that now). -Royalguard11 (Talk·Review Me!) 23:16, 2 May 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Saskndp.jpg
Image:Saskndp.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 22:12, 5 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Rational taken care of (I think). -Royalguard11 (Talk·Review Me!) 22:36, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

1944 in Regina
What was the name of the Calgary-born lawyer who worked on this and later had his office just south of the Hotel Sask on Scarth Street? Masalai (talk) 04:39, 4 September 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
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"first socialist government in North America"
The cliche that the Saskatchewan CCF government was the "first socialist government in North America" is often repeated. However, this overlooks the Mexican Revolution and overlooks the Party of the Mexican Revolution government of Lázaro Cárdenas which among other things nationalized the oil industry and other sectors, instituted land reform, welfare programs, and amended the constitution to require all children to receive a "socialist education" in school. While his successors and the successor party, PRI, moved to the right I don't think it can be seriously doubted that the 1930s government was socialist in nature, certainly as if not more socialist than Douglas's CCF government. Nixon Now (talk) 12:11, 12 April 2018 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 06:54, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
 * Ryan Meili Saskatchewan NDP billboard, Regina, 2020.jpg

Removal of Maintenance Template
I removed the maintenance template as, to the best of my judgement, the issues it addressed (additional verification and POV dispute) were meritless and went without discussion on the talk page.

Please correct this if I have done this in error.

FranticPedantic (talk) 20:59, 27 June 2022 (UTC) FranticPedantic

title: Talk:Saskatchewan New Democratic Party


text: User talk:84.92.168.54

title: User talk:84.92.168.54


text:
Talk:Evangelical People's Party of Switzerland

Social, ethical issues
What do "social issues" and "ethical issues" mean in this context? DanKeshet 20:43, August 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Social issues is used here in the European or Canadian sense of Social policy not in the American one, for which the expression ethical issues is used, maybe a better term should be used instead. However, center-right is here a rather bad term anyway, because the position of the EVP/PEV on these issues is (for Swiss terms) rather conservative. --83.76.242.123 19:36, 28 June 2006 (UTC)

Evangelical vs. protestant
Why is the article not headed as Protestant People's Party if Evangelical means evangelikal (us-american protestant fundamentalism on the Bible)??? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 85.177.42.131 (talk) 13:11, 25 March 2008 (UTC)

 * I agree. Evangelical is a false friend. If there are no further comments I will move the article. --EnOreg (talk) 08:57, 24 April 2014 (UTC)
 * Strongly object - you may be technically correct in terms of language, but Evangelical People's Party is the translation overwhelmingly (if not exclusively) used in academic sources. So we should stick with that.--Autospark (talk) 11:46, 24 April 2014 (UTC)

 * Not overwhelmingly. On google books, there are 33 hits for "Evangelical People's Party" +Switzerland, three of which are direct Wikipedia mirrors, vs. 27 hits for "Protestant People's Party" +Switzerland (incl. 1 Wikipedia mirror). So both terms are almost equally common in literature. In this case I would prefer the translation that is more descriptive for English-language speakers over the one that may create a misconception. --RJFF (talk) 21:19, 25 April 2014 (UTC)

 * Please note that the French language name Parti Evangelique Suisse uses the word Evangelique, which refers to Christian evalengicalism rather than Protestanism. I would say it is best to keep the current article name with a note about alternate possible translations of the party name.--Autospark (talk) 22:30, 25 April 2014 (UTC)
 * Don't know about the French terminology but the German name is clearly protestant, not evangelical. The EVP's heartland is the German-speaking part of the country. According to Evangelische Volkspartei 60%--70% of party members are mainstream protestants rather than evangelicals.
 * Therefore, the current lemma is misleading and needs to be improved. This can be achieved by either correcting the English translation or by using the original German name. --EnOreg (talk) 13:58, 28 April 2014 (UTC)
 * According to French Wikipedia, évangélique refers primarily to the Protestant tradition that originated in the 16th century Reformation (i.e. Lutheranism, Calvinism and the like; and recently to American-style Evangelicalism). fr:Églises évangéliques describes "historical" Lutheran and Calvinist churches, not evangelical ones in the American sense. --RJFF (talk) 18:03, 28 April 2014 (UTC)

 * Further research shows that the English term evangelical is most ambiguous: evangelic. As there is no official English translation of the party name I would suggest to use the original German name as lemma followed by the current discussion of the translation in the article. --EnOreg (talk) 15:10, 28 April 2014 (UTC)

 * I agree with Autospark and RJFF's most recent comment. The term "evangelical" is a little bit like "liberal": both have very different connotations in Europe and the United States. "Evangelical" and "Protestant" (as well as evangelisch and protestantisch in German, évangélique and protestante in French, evangélico and protestante in Spanish, evangelico and protestante in Italian, etc.) are used mostly as synonyms in Europe, differently from the United States. In German there is also evangelikal (little obscure though), while in French, Spanish and Italian the same term is used (even though some people use evangelicale in Italian). It is no surprise that the party's official names are Evangelische Volkspartei der Schweiz, Parti Évangélique Suisse, Partito Evangelico Svizzero and Partida Evangelica da la Svizra. The only reasonable translation in English is thus "Evangelical People's Party". --Checco (talk) 18:26, 28 April 2014 (UTC)

 * I appreciate the parallel with liberal. The point remains that there is no official English translation of the party name and, therefore, no reason to use one for the lemma that is prone to be misunderstood. However, I'm fine with mentioning the translation in the article where we explain it. --EnOreg (talk) 14:18, 29 April 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
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text:
Talk:Framework For Integrated Test

Why is the title in CamelCase? —Leif Arne Storset 05:49, 8 February 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Framework For Integrated Test


text:
User talk:Moonorb

moonorb is a sharp blade weapon with the moon shape.

Welcome
Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).
 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Follow the Simplified Ruleset
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

Meelar (talk) 20:46, August 18, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Moonorb


text:
User talk:GreySuit

Hello, ! I'm ulayiti, and I'd like to welcome you to Wikipedia! Thanks for your contributions, and I hope you'll like the place enough to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers:
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style
 * How to avoid common mistakes

When commenting on talk pages or voting, you should always sign your name by typing in four tildes (~~~~). This way people will know who made the comment and can respond to you. If you have any questions at all, feel free to ask me on my talk page. You can also have a look at the help pages or put up a question at the village pump. Welcome to Wikipedia, and happy editing! - ulayiti (talk)  20:44, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:Miller j.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Miller j.jpg. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then there needs to be an argument why we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then it needs to be specified where it was found, i.e., in most cases link to the website where it was taken from, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the media also doesn't have a copyright tag then one should be added. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then the GFDL-self tag can be used to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media qualifies as fair use, consider reading fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other media, consider checking that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Shyam ( T / C ) 14:33, 22 March 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:GreySuit


text:
Nils Olav

Major General Sir Nils Olav III, Baron of the Bouvet Islands is a king penguin who resides in Edinburgh Zoo, Scotland. He is the mascot and colonel-in-chief of the Norwegian King's Guard. The name 'Nils Olav' and associated ranks have been passed down through three king penguins since 1972, the current holder being Nils Olav III.

History
The family of Norwegian shipping magnate Christian Salvesen gave a king penguin to Edinburgh Zoo when the zoo opened in 1913.

When the Norwegian King's Guard visited the Edinburgh Military Tattoo of 1961 for a drill display, a lieutenant named Nils Egelien became interested in the zoo's penguin colony. When the King's Guard returned to Edinburgh in 1972, Egelien arranged for the regiment to adopt a penguin. This penguin was named Nils Olav in honour of Nils Egelien, commander of the drill platoon, and Olav Siggerud, contingent commander of HMKG in 1972.

Nils Olav was initially given the rank of visekorporal (lance corporal) in the regiment. He has been promoted each time the King's Guard has returned to the zoo. He was made a corporal in 1982, then promoted to sergeant in 1987. Nils Olav I died shortly after his promotion to sergeant in 1987, and his place was taken by Nils Olav II, a two-year-old near-double. He was promoted in 1993 to the rank of regimental sergeant major and in 2001 promoted to 'honourable regimental sergeant major'. On 18 August 2005, he was appointed as colonel-in-chief of the same regiment. During the 2005 visit, a 4 ft bronze statue of Nils Olav was presented to Edinburgh Zoo. The statue's inscription includes references to both the King's Guard and to the Military Tattoo. A statue also stands at the King's Guard compound at Huseby, Oslo.

The next honour was a knighthood, awarded during a visit by soldiers from the Norwegian King's Guard on 15 August 2008. The knighthood was approved by King Harald V and Nils was the first penguin to receive such an honour in the Norwegian Army. During the ceremony a crowd of several hundred people watched the 130 guardsmen on parade at the zoo, and a citation from the King was read out, which described Nils as a penguin "in every way qualified to receive the honour and dignity of knighthood".

A third penguin, Nils Olav III, took over at some point between 2008 and 2016. On 22 August 2016 he was promoted to brigadier in a ceremony attended by over 50 members of the King's Guard. On 21 August 2023 he was promoted to major general. Nils Olav is recognised by Guinness World Records as the highest-ranking penguin.

Nils Olav outranked the human Nils Egelien from 2005 onwards; Egelien died on 11 December 2020, aged 87.

title: Nils Olav


text: File:Coffeeguy.jpg

title: File:Coffeeguy.jpg


text:
1994 FIFA World Cup qualification (OFC)

Listed below are the dates and results for the 1994 FIFA World Cup qualification rounds for the Oceanian zone (OFC). For an overview of the qualification rounds, see the article 1994 FIFA World Cup qualification.

A total of seven teams entered the competition. However, Western Samoa withdrew. The Oceanian zone was allocated 0.25 places (out of 24) in the final tournament.

Format
There would be two rounds of play:
 * First round: The six teams were divided into two groups of three teams each. The three teams would play against each other on a home-and-away basis. The group winners would advance to the final round.
 * Final round: The two teams would play against each other on a home-and-away basis. The winner would advance to the CONCACAF–OFC intercontinental play-off.

Group A
Australia advanced to the final round.

Group B
New Zealand advanced to the final round.

Second round

 * }

First round
The winning team of the OFC qualification tournament will play CONCACAF group runners-up in a home-and-away play-off. The winner of this play-off qualifies for the 2nd play-off.

Second round
The winning team of the 1st play-off will play CONMEBOL Group 1 runners-up in a home-and-away play-off. The winner of this play-off qualifies for the 1994 FIFA World Cup.

Goalscorers

 * 5 goals

 * 🇦🇺 Carl Veart

 * 4 goals

 * 🇳🇿 Darren McClennan

 * 3 goals

 * 🇦🇺 Mehmet Duraković
 * Bakalevu Moceimereke
 * 🇳🇿 Tony Laus

 * 2 goals

 * 🇦🇺 Aurelio Vidmar
 * 🇦🇺 Paul Wade
 * Radike Nawasu
 * 🇳🇿 Danny Halligan
 * 🇳🇿 Michael McGarry
 * 🇳🇿 Billy Wright
 * Hollies Vato
 * Maheanum Gatien

 * 1 goal

 * 🇦🇺 Graham Arnold
 * 🇦🇺 Greg Brown
 * 🇦🇺 Frank Farina
 * 🇦🇺 Aytec Genç
 * 🇦🇺 Ian Gray
 * 🇦🇺 Tom McCulloch
 * 🇦🇺 Damian Mori
 * 🇦🇺 Ned Zelić
 * Kaliova Bulinaceva
 * 🇳🇿 Rodger Gray
 * 🇳🇿 Robert Ironside
 * Charles Ashley
 * Duddley Hatei
 * Batram Suri
 * Eric Etaeta
 * Jean-Luc Rousseau
 * Reynald Temarii
 * Charles Vatú

 * 1 own goal

 * 🇦🇺 Alex Tobin (playing against Argentina)

title: 1994 FIFA World Cup qualification (OFC)


text:
User:Jw6aa

Wikipedia Rules! [citation needed]

title: User:Jw6aa


text:
User talk:Xerhid

Welcome
Welcome!

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title: User talk:Xerhid


text: User talk:86.108.10.72

title: User talk:86.108.10.72


text:
User talk:Guha~enwiki

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

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Meelar (talk) 20:47, August 18, 2005 (UTC)

Hi Guha. Youmay be interested in the following links and also in contributing to the Tamil wikipedia.

-- Sundar \talk \contribs 03:37, August 19, 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Guha. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Guha~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 00:20, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 13:29, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Guha~enwiki


text:
Tony Gwynn Stadium

Tony Gwynn Stadium is a ballpark in San Diego, California, located on the campus of San Diego State University. The stadium is home of the San Diego State Aztecs baseball team. The Aztecs compete in NCAA Division I as a member of the Mountain West Conference (MW).

History
The original stadium was named Smith Field in honor of Charlie Smith, the longtime San Diego State head baseball coach. The stadium was demolished and rebuilt in 1997 at a cost of $4 million, funded largely thanks to a donation by John Moores, then owner of the San Diego Padres. The renovated stadium was named in honor of Tony Gwynn, a Hall of Fame superstar for the Padres. The playing field is still known as Charlie Smith Field. As an undergraduate, Gwynn played both baseball and basketball for the Aztecs. He became San Diego State's head baseball coach after he retired from the Padres.

The San Diego Surf Dawgs of the independent Golden Baseball League used the park as their home field from 2005 to 2006.

Features
Among the amenities contained within the stadium are the following:

 * The SDSU "Wall of Fame" is located just beyond the right field wall of the stadium.

 * A novelty/souvenir shop located on the outer concourse, featuring SDSU merchandise.
 * The Stephen and Mary Birch Baseball Museum is located at the north end of the third base stand. The museum features numerous items relating to the history of baseball at San Diego State.
 * Four sky boxes adjacent to the press box for visiting dignitaries and groups to view games.
 * There is an alumni lounge near the elevator on the ground floor that serves as reception area and hosts various functions. The room was provided by former Aztec pitcher Bud Black, who oversaw much of the work on the project himself.
 * The barbecue/picnic Area is available between the end of the permanent stands and the batting cage buildings down right field line.

title: Tony Gwynn Stadium


text: User talk:168.103.247.124

title: User talk:168.103.247.124