text:
Mauro Tassotti

Mauro Tassotti (born in Rome, 19 January 1960) is an Italian manager and former footballer who played predominantly as a right back. He currently serves as an assistant coach at Genoa. After making his Serie A debut with Lazio, he went on to play with AC Milan for 17 years. He won 17 major titles with Milan, including five Serie A championships and three UEFA Champions League tournaments, reaching five finals in total. He is mostly remembered for his role alongside Paolo Maldini, Franco Baresi, Alessandro Costacurta, Filippo Galli and Christian Panucci in the Milan backline under managers Arrigo Sacchi and Fabio Capello, forming what is considered by many in the sport to be one of the greatest defensive lineups of all time.

An Italian international in the early 1990s, Tassotti only came into the national side under Sacchi, when he was already in his 30s, helping Italy to qualify for the 1994 FIFA World Cup. Tassotti would go on to represent his nation at the final tournament, winning a runners-up medal, although he was banned for the latter half of the tournament. Prior to his Italy senior career, he had previously also represented Italy at under-21 level, and participated at the 1988 Olympics with the under-23 team, finishing in fourth place.

After retiring in 1997, Tassotti remained connected to Milan in several positions: he worked as a youth coach, as an assistant manager, as a caretaker manager and subsequently as a talent scout, until he left the club in 2016 to join the Ukrainian national side as an assistant coach.

Club career
Born in Rome, Tassotti played his first professional season with local club Lazio in 1978–79, where he soon became a first team member the following season, making his Serie A debut on 5 November 1978. During his two seasons with Lazio, he made 41 appearances in Serie A and 47 in all competitions.

Following Lazio's and AC Milan's relegation to Serie B due to their involvement in the 1980 match-fixing scandal, he was called upon by the Milanese squad and transferred to the side, becoming a first-team member alongside captain and defender Franco Baresi, as well as Filippo Galli, during a dark period in Milan's footballing history, under manager Nils Liedholm. He made his Milan debut on 24 August 1980, in Serie B, in a 1–0 home win over Catania. Milan won the Serie B title that season to return to Serie A, with Tassotti emerging as one of the club's best performers. Despite winning the Mitropa Cup the following season, Milan were unable to remain in Serie A, finishing third last, and were relegated once again to Serie B. Milan were able to win Serie B again the following season to return to Serie A. Although this was a fairly bleak period in the club's history, as they failed to dominate in the league or capture a trophy, the squad did reach the Coppa Italia final during the 1984–85 season, and were able to regularly qualify for the European competitions, frequently finishing in the top half of the table.

Tassotti became a central figure in the Milan squad of the late 1980s and early 1990s under Arrigo Sacchi, and subsequently Fabio Capello, usually wearing the number 2 shirt. Tassotti was a key component of a strong defence alongside Paolo Maldini, Franco Baresi and Alessandro Costacurta, playing predominantly as a right back and on occasion as a centre back, in front of goalkeepers Giovanni Galli, and subsequently Sebastiano Rossi. The back four of the Milan side of this period is regarded as one of the greatest of all time. Under Sacchi, Tassotti was named vice-captain after Baresi, and he won the 1987–88 Serie A title, followed by the Supercoppa Italiana, and consecutive European Cup titles, in 1989, and 1990. In addition, Tassotti won two Intercontinental Cups (1989, 1990) and two UEFA Super Cups (1989, 1990), also reaching the 1989–90 Coppa Italia final. During the 1987–88 season, Tassotti helped Milan to only concede 14 goals in Serie A, finishing the year with the best defence.

Under Capello, Tassotti would go on to reach three consecutive Champions League finals with Milan, winning the Champions League in 1994 as captain, due to the absence of Franco Baresi, and also reaching the final in 1993 and 1995. He also won three consecutive Serie A titles with the club in the 1991–92, 1992–93 and the 1993–94 seasons, adding another during the 1995–96 season, in addition to the 1994 UEFA Super Cup and three consecutive Supercoppa Italiana titles between 1992 and 1994. In the 1991–92 season, Milan won the title unbeaten, scoring a record 74 goals, and remained undefeated for a record 58 matches in Serie A. In 1993–94, Tassotti once again helped Milan finish the league with the best defence, only conceding 15 goals. In his last few seasons at Milan under Capello, he began to be used less frequently, due to his advancing age and the emergence of Christian Panucci in his position. Along with his teammate Baresi, Tassotti retired from the club at the conclusion of the 1996–97 season. In total, he made 429 Serie A appearances with Milan, scoring 8 goals, and 583 total club appearances, scoring 10 goals.

International career
Tassotti did not win his first cap for Italy until age 32, under Arrigo Sacchi, in a 2–2 home draw against Switzerland in a 1994 FIFA World Cup qualifier on 14 October 1992. This was partly because of an abundance of other world class Italian defenders, as he was constantly overlooked by Sacchi's predecessor Azeglio Vicini, who preferred to deploy full backs he had worked with during his tenure as Italy's under-21 coach, despite Tassotti's excellent club performances. Tassotti had previously played for Italy at under-21 level, and he represented the nation at the 1988 Summer Olympics, alongside Paolo Maldini, where Italy reached the semi-finals, finishing in fourth place.

After featuring in Italy's 1994 World Cup qualifying matches and international friendlies under Sacchi, Tassotti played in the 1994 edition in the United States, where Italy went on to reach the final, losing to Brazil on penalties. This would be the only tournament in which he would participate with Italy. In the group stage, Tassotti started the 1–0 defeat to the Republic of Ireland and his next appearance was the quarter-final match against Spain. However, in the quarter-final match, Tassotti elbowed Spanish midfielder Luis Enrique in the face during stoppage time in the second half, breaking the Spaniard's nose. The gesture was not seen by the referee, and Tassotti was not called for a foul or cautioned at the time. Italy won the match 2–1. After reviewing the game, FIFA officials banned Tassotti for eight matches, the longest-such ban in World Cup history until Uruguayan striker Luis Suárez's ban in 2014 for biting Italian defender Giorgio Chiellini in his team's final group match. Tassotti never played internationally again. Tassotti later stated he had instantly and deeply regretted his actions, describing them as "stupid", although he would also state the gesture had not been premeditated but purely instinctive, as Luis Enrique had been pulling his shirt. He later personally apologised to Luis Enrique. In total, Tassotti made 7 appearances for Italy between 1992 and 1994.

AC Milan

Following his retirement in 1997, Tassotti took up a coaching position in Milan's youth system, winning the Torneo di Viareggio with the AC Milan youth team in 1999 and 2001. In 2001, following the sacking of manager Alberto Zaccheroni, he served as a caretaker manager for the senior club and coached Milan for the remainder of the 2000–01 Serie A season, alongside Cesare Maldini, helping the club to qualify for the UEFA Cup, before being replaced by Fatih Terim at the end of the season. In the 2001–02 season, Tassotti joined Milan's coaching staff under former teammate Carlo Ancelotti as an assistant manager, and retained his post after the latter's departure, under Leonardo, Massimiliano Allegri, Clarence Seedorf and Filippo Inzaghi. In January 2014, he acted as caretaker manager for one match, a 3–1 home win over Spezia for the campaign's Coppa Italia following Massimiliano Allegri's dismissal and before Clarence Seedorf's appointment. In July 2015, he began working as a talent scout for Milan.

Ukraine national team
Tassotti terminated his contract with Milan on 12 July 2016, concluding his 36-year career with the club. his contract was due to expire in June 2017. It was later reported Tassotti had taken an assistant coaching position with the Ukraine national team, along with Milan Youth System coach Andrea Maldera, under the national team's former assistant manager Andriy Shevchenko, who formerly also played for Milan as a striker and who was named the team's new head coach.

Style of play
Tassotti was mostly used as a right back, but he could also play as centre back when necessary, and often played in this role earlier on in his career. He even played as a central or defensive midfielder on occasion. Regarded as one of Italy's greatest defenders, and as one of the best full backs of his generation,   he is mostly remembered for his role alongside Maldini, Baresi, Galli and Costacurta in the legendary Milan backline of the late 1980s and early 1990s, under Sacchi and Capello, which is considered one of the greatest defences of all time. Tassotti was a tenacious, defensive minded full back who was known for his strength, anticipation and defensive awareness, as well as his marking ability, positional sense and tactical intelligence. These attributes made him extremely adept at reading the game and at covering defensively for his teammates, and allowed him to excel in Milan's zonal marking system, which used a high defensive line and the offside trap. While at Lazio, he earned a reputation for being an aggressive and hard-tackling defender as a youngster, with a strong character. At Milan, he developed into a more cautious, composed and consistent player, which led to him being nicknamed "The Professor".

Although Tassotti primarily excelled defensively, he was a modern and versatile full back who was also one of the first players in his position to be capable of being an offensive threat, due to his pace, athleticism, stamina, technique, control, and distribution, as well as his ability to make overlapping attacking runs, dribble, and provide accurate crosses and assists from the right wing. Although he was initially not known for being particularly skilful, Tassotti was later also highly regarded for his elegance on the ball and technical ability, which he was able to improve extensively under the tutelage of manager Nils Liedholm while at Milan. This later led his teammates to give him the nickname the new "Djalma Santos", in addition to his other nickname, "Il Tasso" ("The Badger" in Italian).

Player
AC Milan
 * Serie A: 1987–88, 1991–92, 1992–93, 1993–94, 1995–96
 * Serie B: 1980–81, 1982–83
 * Supercoppa Italiana: 1988, 1992, 1993, 1994
 * UEFA Champions League: 1988–89, 1989–90, 1993–94
 * UEFA Super Cup: 1989, 1990, 1994
 * Intercontinental Cup: 1989, 1990

Italy
 * FIFA World Cup runners-up: 1994

Individual
 * Premio Nazionale Carriera Esemplare "Gaetano Scirea": 1996
 * AC Milan Hall of Fame

title: Mauro Tassotti


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Bento Gonçalves, Rio Grande do Sul

Bento Gonçalves is a municipality located in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Created in 1875, it is one of the centers of the Italian immigration in Brazil. It is also known as the 'wine capital of Brazil' due to its vineyards and wine production. In 2020, its estimated population was 121,803 inhabitants.

Ernesto Geisel, President of Brazil from 1974 to 1979 (under the military government), was born in Bento Gonçalves in 1907.

Etymology
The city has changed names three times in history. Before the Italian immigration began, the place where the city downtown is located today was crossed by horsemen, and since there was well known north–south trail with a small wooden cross at the place, the name Cruzinha ("little cross") was used to name this region. After a decree of the effective governor of the province in the 1870s, the area was renamed Colônia Dona Isabel ("Dona Isabel Colony"), after the Brazilian princess Isabel de Bragança.

In 1890, Colônia Dona Isabel separated from the municipality of Montenegro, and was renamed in honour of Bento Gonçalves da Silva, leader of the rebel forces of the Farroupilha Revolution 45 years earlier, and first president of the short-lived Riograndense Republic.

History
Before 1870, the area where the city is located (then known as Cruzinha) was inhabited, as the rest of the region, by Indigenous people of the "jê" tribe.

In 1875, the Brazilian government created, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, four settlements to receive Italian immigrants. In the Cruzinha area, a settlement was created called Dona Isabel. "Dona Isabel" received the first 25 families of Italian settlers in that same year. They mostly came from the region of Trento.

During the next few decades, the region was settled by immigrants coming mostly from the Italian regions of Veneto, Trentino, and Lombardia.

In 1890, Dona Isabel was elevated to the category of city, changing its name to Bento Gonçalves (named after the military leader of the Ragamuffin War).

The Italian immigrants mostly worked in grape and wine production.

During the first few decades of the 20th century, the city continued to receive immigrants. Besides the Italians, there were large groups of Polish, German, Swedish, French, and Spanish immigrants.

At that time, there were already some functioning wine factories and the furniture and metallurgic industry was just starting to take off.

The railways arrived at the city in 1919, helping to connect it with the capital of the state, Porto Alegre, and facilitating the transport of the city's economic production. There were regular passenger trains running until 1976; however, today the railways are used mostly to transport goods.

The electric light distribution system was installed between 1919 and 1927. The Bartolomeu Tacchini Hospital was built during the same period.

In 1950, the population was 22,600. Industrial activity expanded, especially in the wine, furniture, leather, chemical, metal, and mechanical sectors.

In 1967, the city organized the first National Wine Festival (Fenavinho), receiving, for the first time, a visit from a Brazilian President.

The city started to organize and receive many important national and international events. It is now home to the second largest exposition park in Latin America. Among these events are the Movelsul (Furniture Fair), FIMMA Brasil (Furniture Machinery Fair), Vino Brasil (Wine Machinery Fair), Avaliação Nacional de Vinhos (National Wine Assessment), Fenavinho e Expobento (Commercial Fair).

Economy
Bento Gonçalves is among the ten largest economies in Rio Grande do Sul. It is the largest producer of wine in Brazil and has the second largest furniture production industry in the country. It also has important metal, mechanical, plastic, and chemical industries. It has the highest Human Development Index of Rio Grande do Sul and the sixth among all Brazilian cities - 0,870 (PNUD/2000).

Geography
The average elevation of Bento Gonçalves is 690 meters above the sea level. Summers are warm and winters are mild. During the climatic winter frosts are common and snow is rare. The highest temperature officially recorded in the city was 36 °C and the lowest was -4,5 °C.

Tourism
The Maria Fumaça steam locomotive offers tourist trips in the rolling countryside of Bento Gonçalves, Garibaldi and Carlos Barbosa.

Museums about the Italian heritage of the city include the Epopéia Italiana.

The city is also part of Vale dos Vinhedos, a region with 82 km square located at the limits of Garibaldi, Monte Belo do Sul and Bento Gonçalves. Many restaurants and wineries can be found at Vale dos Vinhedos, making the region a well known enotourism route in Brazil.

Twin towns – sister cities

Bento Gonçalves is twinned with:

 * 🇮🇹 Brentonico, Italy
 * Cartaxo, Portugal
 * 🇮🇹 Isera, Italy
 * 🇦🇷 Luján de Cuyo, Argentina
 * 🇮🇹 Mori, Italy
 * 🇮🇹 Nogaredo, Italy
 * 🇮🇹 Rovereto, Italy
 * 🇮🇹 Terragnolo, Italy
 * 🇮🇹 Trambileno, Italy
 * 🇮🇹 Villa Lagarina, Italy

Main reasons for twinning with Italian municipalities are Italian immigration history and enotourism.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Bento Gonçalves, Rio Grande do Sul


text:
David Axelrod

David Axelrod may refer to:

 * David Axelrod (musician) (1931–2017), American composer, arranger and producer
 * David Axelrod (political consultant) (born 1955), senior advisor to former U.S. President Barack Obama
 * David Jason Axelrod Ha'ivri (born 1967), an Israeli settler, political activist
 * David Axelrod (physician) (1935–1994), a medical doctor and New York State Commissioner of Health in the 1980s and 1990s; drafted the Libby Zion Law

title: David Axelrod


text: User:Satidiriv

title: User:Satidiriv


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Archisman

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was speedy deleted --cesarb 16:52, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

Archisman
Barely makes any sense, if it's a person then nn but doesn't quite fit speedy deletion Halo 16:04, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete as patent nonsense, or Delete as vanity (but still does not make much sense) Groeck 16:10, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy. Complete nonsense. Quicksandish 16:24, August 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy tagged Ryan Norton T 16:45, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
LaShawn Daniels

LaShawn Ameen Daniels (December 28, 1977 – September 3, 2019) was an American songwriter, vocal producer and arranger. Often in tandem with producer Rodney Jerkins, he is known for his songwriting work for R&B singers such as Brandy, Beyoncé, Michael Jackson, Tamar Braxton, Toni Braxton, Jennifer Lopez, Ciara, and Whitney Houston, among others. Daniels won a Grammy Award—from nine nominations—for his work on Destiny's Child's 1999 single "Say My Name", which peaked atop the Billboard Hot 100.

Early life
Daniels was born in Newark, New Jersey, United States.

Personal life
Daniels married April and together had three sons.

Career
Daniels won a Grammy Award for Best R&B Song in 2001 for his songwriting work on "Say My Name" by Destiny's Child, and was nominated in the same category in 2014 for "Love and War" performed by Tamar Braxton.

Death
Daniels died on September 3, 2019, at the age of 41, following a car crash in Catawba, South Carolina.

Songwriting credits
Daniels songs were usually co-written in collaboration with producer Rodney "Darkchild" Jerkins. These include:
 * Brandy – "Top of the World" (1998)
 * Brandy and Monica – "The Boy Is Mine" (1998)
 * Whitney Houston – "It's Not Right but It's Okay" (1999)
 * Brandy – "Angel in Disguise" (1999)
 * Jennifer Lopez – "If You Had My Love" (1999)
 * So Plush featuring Ja Rule – "Damn (Should've Treated U Right)" (1999)
 * Destiny's Child – "Say My Name" (1999)
 * Brandy – "Never Say Never" (2000)
 * Whitney Houston and George Michael – "If I Told You That" (2000)
 * Melanie B – "Tell Me" (2000)
 * Spice Girls – "Holler" (2000)
 * Spice Girls – "Let Love Lead the Way" (2000)
 * Toni Braxton – "He Wasn't Man Enough" (2000)
 * Michael Jackson – "You Rock My World" (2001)
 * Michael Jackson – "Privacy" (2001)
 * Michael Jackson – "Heartbreaker" (2001)
 * Michael Jackson – "Invincible" (2001)
 * Michael Jackson – "Unbreakable (feat. The Notorious B.I.G.)" (2001)
 * Michael Jackson – "Threatened (feat. Rod Serling)" (2001)
 * Monica – "All Eyez on Me" (2002)
 * Brandy – "What About Us? (2002)
 * Mary Mary - "He Said" (2002)
 * Blaque – "I'm Good" (2004)
 * Destiny's Child – "Lose My Breath" (2004)
 * Ray J – "One Wish" (2005)
 * Ray J – "What I Need" (2006)
 * Kierra Sheard – "Why Me?" (2006)
 * Ciara featuring 50 Cent – "Can't Leave 'em Alone" (2007)
 * Janet Jackson – "Feedback" (2007)
 * Natasha Bedingfield – "Angel" (2008)
 * Joe – "E.R. (Emergency Room)" (2008)
 * Janet Jackson – "Luv" (2008)
 * Lady Gaga and Beyoncé – "Telephone" (2010)
 * Tamar Braxton – "Love and War" (2012)
 * Tamar Braxton – "The One" (2013)
 * Tamar Braxton – "Hot Sugar" (2013)
 * Michael Jackson – "Xscape" (2014)
 * Tamar Braxton – "If I Don't Have You" (2015)
 * Erica Campbell - "I Luh God" (2015)
 * Brandy - "Borderline" (2020)

title: LaShawn Daniels


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/MediatoolsEC

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Woohookitty 10:04, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

MediatoolsEC
This is advertising. When you click on the first external link, you find that the wiki article is a slightly modified version of some paragraphs on the company homepage. KJPurscell 16:09, 27 August 2005 UT.
 * Delete advertising --IByte 16:20, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per above.  Paul Klenk 06:14, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Jean Dumont (publicist)

Jean Dumont Baron de Carlscroon (13 January 1667 – 13 May 1727) was a French writer and historian. He followed the profession of arms but, not obtaining promotion so rapidly as he expected, he left the service and travelled through different parts of Europe. He stopped in Holland with the intention of publishing an account of his travels. But in the interval, at the request of his bookseller, he wrote and published several pamphlets, which were eagerly sought after, owing to the unceremonious manner in which he treated the ministry of France. Thus deprived of all hope of employment in his own country, he thought of forming a permanent establishment in Holland, and accordingly commenced a course of lectures on public law. The project succeeded far beyond his expectations and some useful compilations which he published in the same period made him well known in other countries. The emperor appointed him his historiographer, and some time afterwards conferred on him the title of Baron de Carlscroon. He died in Vienna.

Dumont was also the author of Lettres historiques contenant ce qui se passe de plus important en Europe. This periodical, begun in 1692 with two volumes appearing annually, he edited until 1710, when it was continued by Jacques Basnage and others until 1728. The earlier volumes are much prized.

Publications

 * Voyages en France, en Italie, en Allemagne, a Malte, et en Turquie (Hague, 1699, 4 vols.)
 * Mémoires politiques pour servir a la parfaite intelligence de l'histoire de la Paix de Ryswick (Hague, 1699, 4 vols.)
 * Recherches modestes des causes de la presente guerre, en ce qui concerne les Provinces Unies (1713)
 * Recueil de traites d'alliance, du pai, et de commerce entre les rois, princes, et etats, depuis la Paix de Munster (Amsterdam, 1710, 2 vols.)
 * Soupirs du l'Europe et la rue du projet de paix contenu dans la harangue de la reine de la Grande-Bretagne (1712)
 * Corps universel diplomatique du droit des gens, contenant un recueil des traités de paix, d'alliance, &c., faits en Europe, depuis Charlemagne jusqu'à present (Amsterdam, 1726, and following years, 8 vols. fol., continued after Dumonts death by J. Rousset)
 * Batailles gagnees par le Prince Eugene de Savoie (Hague, 1723)
 * Batailles gagnees par le Prince Eugene de Savoie (Hague, 1723)

title: Jean Dumont (publicist)


text: User talk:82.67.192.173

title: User talk:82.67.192.173


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Birdie Africa

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was to delete the article. --Canderson7 17:25, September 5, 2005 (UTC)

Birdie Africa
nn vanity Groeck 16:06, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete fails to establish notability Sliggy 19:01, August 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Sorry, Rhonda.    Paul Klenk 21:47, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Jesper Christiansen (footballer, born 1978)

Jesper Ringsborg Christiansen (born 24 April 1978) is a Danish former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

He has previously played for Danish Superliga clubs OB, Vejle, Viborg and Copenhagen, winning four Superliga championships and two Danish Cup trophies with Copenhagen. He has also played for Scottish Premier League club Rangers and Swedish club Elfsborg.

Christiansen was named the 2005, 2006 and 2007 Danish Goalkeeper of the Year. He has played 11 games for the Denmark national team, and represented Denmark at the 2002 and 2010 FIFA World Cup tournaments as an unused understudy of Thomas Sørensen.

Danish breakthrough
Born in Roskilde, Christiansen competed with later national team player Peter Madsen to be the best forward on Zealand in his teenage years. At 17, he did not want the life of a professional footballer, and chose to play amateur football in Serie 3, the fourth lowest level of Danish football. For fun, he tried playing the position of goalkeeper, in which position he caught the attention of higher ranking clubs. Roskilde B 1906 offered him a contract in 1997, and he was Roskilde's goalkeeper for one season, before he followed his coach to Ølstykke.

In 1998, he moved to OB in the second tier of Danish football, the Danish 1st Division. He helped OB win promotion to the top-flight Danish Superliga, where he got his national breakthrough. When OB legend Lars Høgh retired in January 2000, a string of strong displays by Christiansen showed a strong temper and good reflexes. He looked the long term replacement of Lars Høgh, though Christiansen never got the chance to make a decent bid for Høgh's record 817 games for OB. As Scottish club Rangers suffered injuries in their goalkeeping staff, the search for replacements turned to Christiansen, who was eager to move abroad at 22 years of age.

On the bench in Glasgow
In Glasgow, he played alongside fellow Dane Peter Løvenkrands, with whom he became good friends, and he played a handful of games in his first time at Rangers, including a few outings in the UEFA Champions League. His league debut was a 3–0 home defeat to Kilmarnock. When first choice goalkeeper Stefan Klos returned from his injury, he once again took control of the goalkeeper spot. Christiansen could not force his way into the starting line-up, and he was put on loan.

His first loan deal with Danish Superliga club Vejle in 2001 was a personal success for Christiansen. Though Vejle was relegated to the 1st Division, he was called up to the Danish national team. After the period in Vejle, Christiansen was loaned out to VfL Wolfsburg. This period was one of the worst in his career, the result being that he was dropped from the national team. He did not play a single first team game for Wolfsburg, and did not make many friends in Germany. Christiansen later said he would rather warm the bench at Rangers, than in Wolfsburg.

Danish success
In the winter transfer window of the 2003–04 Superliga season, Christiansen returned to Denmark once more to play for Viborg, following a string of goalkeeper switches; former Viborg goalkeeper Arek Onyszko moving to Odense, replacing Karim Zaza, who had transferred to Brøndby. At Viborg, Christiansen showed the impressive form that he had displayed for Odense and Vejle once more.

Following one and a half years at Viborg, Christiansen moved to Copenhagen (FCK) in the summer of 2005. At FCK, he was assigned the no. 1 jersey as the club's first choice for the goalkeeping position. His debut in the FCK-jersey came on 20 July 2005, keeping a clean sheet as AaB were defeated 1–0 at Aalborg Stadion in Aalborg. In the autumn 2006, he was an important part of FCK's participation in the 2006–07 UEFA Champions League, producing many great saves. This brought renewed interest from foreign clubs, as he and teammate Michael Silberbauer were both rumoured on their way to English club Everton in the 2006 winter transfer window. The transfer never materialized, and in January 2007, Christiansen expressed his desire to further his career by moving to a club in a bigger league, but a new five-year contract cancelled every rumour.

In the opening match of the 2007–08 season, against Nordsjælland at Farum Park, Christiansen was close to score on a header, as it hit the inside of the post, and was parried by Nordsjælland keeper Kim Christensen, after a corner kick deep into extra time. In May 2008 he was linked with a £1 million move to West Bromwich Albion. For the 2009–10 season, FCK bought Johan Wiland as a backup. When Christiansen was injured against Brøndby IF in the seventh Superliga game of the season, Wiland replaced him with such success that Christiansen was permanently demoted to the bench. Media reports suggested he wanted a transfer, and when FCK bought Kim Christensen as a new backup keeper in the Summer 2010, Christiansen was expected to leave the club.

He signed for Elfsborg of the Allsvenskan championship in June 2010.

International career
During his time with Vejle, Christiansen was called up for the senior national team by national team manager Morten Olsen. He was chosen for the Danish squad at the 2002 FIFA World Cup in South Korea and Japan as a backup for starting national team goalkeeper Thomas Sørensen, and was an unused substitute throughout the tournament.

In his time at Viborg, Christiansen was recalled to the Danish national team, and made his national team debut on 2 June 2005, in a 1–0 friendly match win against Finland. He played his second game in October 2005, when he came on as a substitute in a 2006 FIFA World Cup qualification 2–1 win against Kazakhstan. He quickly established himself as an understudy for Thomas Sørensen, and made a number of appearances at times when Sørensen was injured.

Before the 2010 FIFA World Cup, Christiansen lacked playing time at FCK, and found himself in contention with Kim Christensen for the spot as third goalkeeper in the squad for the finals. Eventually Morten Olsen chose Christiansen for his team, and he spent his time at the tournament as an unused substitute.

Coaching career
After Christiansen left Vendsyssel in the summer 2017, he was officially announced as the new assistant manager of Danish 1st Division club AB. In January 2018, he left AB to become goalkeeper coach at Fremad Amager. In 2019, he also functioned as assistant manager for a short period.

On 15 July 2019, it was announced, that Christiansen had left Fremad Amager because he wanted to stay closer to his family and then became the new goalkeeper coach of Viborg. In November 2019, Christiansen was on the bench for Viborg in three games, after first keeper, Ellery Balcombe, was banned with a red card and the third and fourth choices was out with injuries, which left Viborg with only Ingvar Jónsson who was able to play. On 13 July 2020, Fremad Amager announced that Christiansen had returned to the club. He left Fremad Amager again in April 2022 as a protest against the club's new owners.

On 21 July 2022, Christiansen joined Nykøbing as a goalkeeper coach.

Honours
OB
 * Viasat Divisionen: 1998–99

Copenhagen
 * Danish Superliga: 2005–06, 2006–07, 2008–09, 2009–10
 * Danish Cup: 2008–09

Individual
 * Danish Goalkeeper of the Year: 2005, 2006, 2007
 * Danish Team of the Year: 2005, 2006, 2007


text:
Talk:History of Tuvalu

Merge suggestion
This article repeats a lot of the information from the main Tuvalu article. Its also fairly short, compared to the main article, so merging shouldn't be a problem. 216.12.32.242 16:07, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * suggestion withdrawn. I'm having second thoughts about removing a country's history page, and nobody else has provided input one way or the other on the matter. 216.12.32.242 18:44, 14 September 2005 (UTC)

The American claims to these islands need to be emphasized more.

NPOV?
There's no indication of what the NPOV dispute is, so I'm taking the template off the aritcle page. Feel free to add it back if you bring up your points of dispute here (or, better, edit the article to rectify the POV you see). --Jfruh (talk) 16:01, 28 November 2007 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:History of Tuvalu


text: Category:Welsh architects

title: Category:Welsh architects


text:
Talk:Knotted cord

[Untitled]
This is not a quippa. its referenced in pages about Egyptian land measure which need the information on this page, not the information about quippas.Rktect 16:07, August 27, 2005 (UTC)

Cleanup
This article contains much information irrelevant to Knotted cords. It needs to be tidied up accordingly. Ian Cairns 21:49, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

I've removed the two irrelevant images. Ian Cairns 23:51, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The first image is 3kr, The god of the land himself. He shows up on both Scorpions and Narmers pallettes and I have much better images but I don't have a clue what the proper copyright is because they have been copied all over the web. He's the personified st3t Narmer is shown controlling, ie Narmer and Scorpion get their men to dig the irrigation ditches so they control the water. They control the water so they control the land.

The second image is of one of the 10 stadia landmarks that predate the milestones of the Romans. It was taken in the high mountains near Khamis Mushat in 93.Rktect 03:34, August 28, 2005 (UTC)

Knotted cords were used by rope stretchers or royal surveyors who measured out the sides of fields (Egyptian 3ht) using knotted cords (Egyptian ht) of 100 royal cubits in length with a knot every hayt or 10 royal cubits. The rope stretchers stretched the rope in order to take the sag out it and keep the measures uniform.

[Egyptian rope stretchers using knotted cord for survey]

Land in Egypt was measured in several different units. According to khaty the most common units used to measure 3ht or fields were the mht3 or land cubit and the aroura or thousand. Gardiner discusses the mh or cubit, the nibw or double foot and the ht or rod of cord.

Knotted cords would have had their knots spaced in feet, mh t3 or land cubits, remen, royal cubits, rods or ha3t as required for the distance to be measured but generally the lengths of the cord were in multiples of 100 units in Egypt and Mesopotamia. A measure of 21 rods of cord equal to 2100 royal cubits used for measuring roads is also discussed by Gardiner who also discusses the itrw or river measure which we are informed by Herodotus is equal to the Grek Schoenus.

The longest measured length listed in the Rhind papyrus is a circumference of about a Roman mile with a diameter of 9 khet. The most common length is a ht or rod of cord of 100 units which can include, spans, quarters, bw, pes, pous, feet, remen, ku. bw, small cubits, long cubits, nibw, ellen, yards, paces, orquiya, fathoms,and hayt. With the fathom there is a clear connection to the cable and chain.

Knotted cords were used for surveying fields until they were replaced by surveyors chains. Cables and chains are associated with Nautical lengths such as the nautical mile which is ten chains of a length equal to a Greek stadion of 600 pous. Ten chains of 185 m = 1850 m.

In discussing the itrw Herodotus says it is the same as the Greek schoenus which is 60 stadions or 6 chains. Gardiner discusses the distance between stele on the hill east of Akhenaten as being itrw n itrw 6 ht remen hsb mh 4. Here we have 6 cords composed of the remen of 4 cubits.

The itrw is thus approximately 60 stadia = 6 chains of 1837.5 m = 11.025 km = 10 times the 21 rods of cord mentioned by Gardiner

Other cultures
Were knotted cords used solely by surveyers in Egypt or did other suveyers of other cultures also use knotted cords as basic instruments for measuring distance before metal working made surveyer's chains practical? The article seems to say only Egypt used these but it may be speaking about ones specifically calibrated in egyptian units of length. RJFJR 20:32, 25 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Knotted cords were used by many ancient cultures. The Greek schoenus is refered to as a rope used to measure land. Ropes generally became cables and chains with Pythagorus making the Greek agros a chain of 10 stadia equal to a nautical mile c 540 BC. The Romans used a waxed cord for measuring distances, [roman cord]

One of the more interesting uses of a knotted cord was to lay out a 3 4 5 triangle to make the corner of a field or building foundation sqaure. Rktect 16:03, 26 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I added this material. Thank you!  I think this really adds something. RJFJR 18:03, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

Rktect
Was banned in October 2005 from artices dealing with weights and measures - see Requests for arbitration/Rktect. He comes back from time to time with socks. Dougweller (talk) 07:01, 11 December 2013 (UTC)

3-4-5 triangle a myth?
I was a little worried when I saw that the only reference was to an unsourced article on a popular website. According to Eli Maor's The Pythagorean Theorem, pp. 14-15, the story that the Egyptians engineers used a cord knotted into a 3-4-5 triangle (which this article doesn't quite say) is a myth. Are there sources for the rest of the claims in this article? Allispaul (talk) 19:43, 4 August 2016 (UTC)
 * The whole area of pyramids and wonderful Ancient knowledge is flaky. Other articles like Mathematics and art and Mathematics and architecture are now more carefully cited and fact-checked. Probably the article needs a thorough overhaul; anything unreliably cited or uncited is suspect. Chiswick Chap (talk) 10:00, 27 August 2016 (UTC)
 * The article was created by a fringe editor who was one of the few editors I know of to have been indefinitely blocked for original research. His socks pop up from time to time. So it probably needs the thorough article suggested although most of his original edits are gone. I must take a look at the others he created. Doug Weller  talk 10:19, 27 August 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Knotted cord


text:
Jarmo Wasama Memorial Trophy

The Jarmo Wasama Memorial Trophy is an ice hockey award given by the Finnish Liiga to the best rookie of the season. The trophy is named in honor of Jarmo Wasama, a young Finnish defenseman who was killed in an automobile accident in 1966. In 2020 it was awarded to Matias Maccelli of Ilves.

Winners
1971-72: Seppo Ahokainen (Ilves)

1972-73: Jukka Alkula (Tappara)

1973-74: Matti Hagman (HIFK)

1974-75: Markus Mattsson (Ilves)

1975-76: Kari Makkonen (Ässät)

1976-77: Risto Siltanen (Ilves)

1977-78: Markku Kiimalainen (Kärpät)

1978-79: Kari Jalonen (Kärpät)

1979-80: Pekka Arbelius (Kärpät)

1980-81: Petri Skriko (SaiPa)

1981-82: Hannu Virta (TPS)

1982-83: Jukka Tammi (Ilves)

1983-84: Joel Paunio (HIFK)

1984-85: Jari Neuvonen (Ilves)

1985-86: Risto Kurkinen (JYP)

1986-87: Janne Ojanen (Tappara)

1987-88: Mika Nieminen (Ilves)

1988-89: Pekka Peltola (HPK)

1989-90: Vesa Viitakoski (SaiPa)

1990-91: Janne Grönvall (Tappara)

1991-92: Petri Varis (Ässät)

1992-93: Ville Peltonen (HIFK)

1993-94: Juha Lind (Jokerit)

1994-95: Joni Lehto (Lukko)

1995-96: Jani Hurme (TPS)

1996-97: Olli Jokinen (HIFK)

1997-98: Pasi Puistola (Ilves)

1998-99: Timo Pärssinen (HPK)

1999-00: Antero Niittymäki (TPS)

2000-01: Toni Dahlman (Ilves)

2001-02: Joonas Vihko (HIFK)

2002-03: Toni Söderholm (HIFK)

2003-04: Janne Pesonen (Kärpät)

2004-05: Simo Vidgren (Ilves)

2005-06: Perttu Lindgren (Ilves)

2006-07: Tuomas Suominen (TPS)

2007-08: Oskar Osala (Blues)

2008-09: Teemu Hartikainen (KalPa)

2009-10: Mikael Granlund (HIFK)

2010-11: Teemu Pulkkinen (Jokerit)

2011-12: Teuvo Teräväinen (Jokerit)

2012-13: Artturi Lehkonen (KalPa)

2013-14: Juuse Saros (HPK)

2014-15: Otso Rantakari (Blues)

2015-16: Patrik Laine (Tappara)

2016-17: Otto Koivula (Ilves)

2017-18: Petrus Palmu (TPS)

2018-19: Kaapo Kakko (TPS)

2019–20: Matias Maccelli (Ilves)

2020–21: Kasper Björkqvist (KooKoo)

2021-22: Joakim Kemell (JYP)

2022-23: Niko Huuhtanen (Jukurit)

Source:

title: Jarmo Wasama Memorial Trophy


text: Talk:Jarmo Wasama Memorial Trophy

title: Talk:Jarmo Wasama Memorial Trophy


text: User talk:82.237.157.188

title: User talk:82.237.157.188


text:
User talk:Djenner

Welcome!

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title: User talk:Djenner


text:
Two Way Monologue

Two Way Monologue is the second album release by the Norwegian singer-songwriter Sondre Lerche, released in 2004.

Track listing
All songs written by Sondre Lerche.

Personnel

 * All songs written and composed by Sondre Lerche Vaular.
 * Produced by Jørgen Træen and HP Gundersen.
 * Arranged by the artist and the producers.
 * Logo and Cover design by Dave Kinsey, BLK/MRKT

title: Two Way Monologue


text:
W85 (nuclear warhead)

The W85 was a thermonuclear warhead developed by the United States of America to arm the Pershing II missile. It was a variable yield device with a selectable yield of 0.3 ,.

Overview
The Pershing Ia missile was armed with a 400 ktTNT W50 warhead. By the early 1970s, it was clear that this was far too large to allow the missile to be used as a tactical nuclear weapon—at the time, 400 kilotons was larger than many strategic warheads. The Pershing II had a high-accuracy maneuverable reentry vehicle (MARV) equipped with a radar terminal guidance system, which allowed it to use the lower-yield W85 warhead. This warhead was derived from the B61 Mod 3 and utilized the same pit in the primary stage of the warhead, but it has also been described as having a nuclear design similar to that of the B61-4. The total weight of the Pershing II warhead section was 591 lb, which included the reentry vehicle.

In 1987 a joint Army/Department of Energy study concluded that it was technically and financially feasible to replace the W50 warhead carried by Pershing 1a with the W85 warhead developed for Pershing II. However, with the signing of the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty, development on the conversion was terminated.

After the Pershing missiles were scrapped, all of the W85 warheads produced were modified into B61 Mod 10 bombs. 215 W85 warheads were manufactured.

title: W85 (nuclear warhead)


text:
Universum Science Center

The Universum Bremen is a science museum in Bremen, Germany. Visitors are encouraged to interact with most of the approximately 250 exhibits. It receives on average 450,000 visitors annually.

History
The Universum Bremen opened in September 2000 near to the University of Bremen, Germany. Covering over 4,000 m2 the exhibition contains exhibits related to one of the three topics: mankind, earth and the cosmos. The science center building, with its 40,000 stainless steel scales, resembles a mixture between a whale and mussel. It was designed by the Bremen architect Thomas Klumpp.

The company ''Universum Managementges. mbH'' runs the science center as a private enterprise. About 3.4 million people visited the Universum in the first seven years since it opened.

In 2007 the Universum opened a large outdoor area, the EntdeckerPark, and a new building, the SchauBox. In contrast to the curved metallic older building, the SchauBox, developed by Haslob Kruse and Partner, is cubic with a rust-red exterior. It is used for additional exhibitions, which change annually.

The EntdeckerPark, the 5,000 m2 outdoor area developed by Planungsguppe Grün, offers a number of hands-on exhibits, landscape elements and a 27m-high tower, called the Turm der Lüfte.

The concept of the exhibits and the interior design were realized by Kunstraum GfK mbH, Hamburg and Archimedia, Stuttgart.

title: Universum Science Center


text:
User talk:Erudy

Removal of Speedy Deletion Tag
Please do not remove speedy deletion notices from pages you have created yourself. Please use the template on the page instead if you disagree with the deletion.

title: User talk:Erudy


text:
Fred Jerkins III

Fred Jerkins III, also known as Uncle Freddie, is an American songwriter and record producer.

Career
Jerkins is best known for his work with his brother Rodney "Darkchild" Jerkins. Jerkins has co-written several hit songs with Rodney Jerkins and LaShawn Daniels, among them "The Boy Is Mine" by Brandy and Monica, "Say My Name" and "Lose My Breath" by Destiny's Child, "It's Not Right but It's Okay" by Whitney Houston, "He Wasn't Man Enough" by Toni Braxton, and multiple tracks from Michael Jackson's album Invincible. He has also produced a number of songs under the Darkchild imprint for artists such as Brandy, Shola Ama, Men of Vizion, Keith Washington, and JoJo.

On his own, Jerkins is a noted producer of gospel music. He and his family are residents of Atlanta, Georgia.

Production
Jerkins has written or produced for Brandy, Michael Jackson, Beyoncé, Toni Braxton, Jessica Simpson, Jennifer Lopez, Aaliyah, Mary Mary, Destiny's Child, Spice Girls, Mel B, Shola Ama, TLC, Will Smith, Janet Jackson, Whitney Houston, Mary J. Blige, Men of Vizion, Keith Washington, Lionel Richie, Kirk Franklin, Kierra Sheard, Virtue, Papa San, Trin-i-tee 5:7 and Deitrick Haddon.

Awards

 * Grammy Award for Best R&B Song – "Say My Name" By Destiny's Child.
 * Dove Award for Urban Album of the Year – "Church on the Moon" By Deitrick Haddon.
 * Dove Award for Urban Album of the Year – "This Is Me" By Kierra "Kiki" Sheard.
 * Dove Award for Urban Recorded Song of the Year – "You Don’t Know" By Kierra "Kiki" Sheard.

title: Fred Jerkins III


text:
User:KtotheF

I rock.

title: User:KtotheF


text:
Chester County Council

The Chester County Council is a Boy Scouts of America service council that serves members of the Cub Scouts, Scouts BSA, and Venturing programs in Chester County, Pennsylvania and Northeastern Cecil County, Maryland. It is one of the oldest councils in the nation, and is one of two single-county councils left in Pennsylvania, the other being Chief Cornplanter Council in Warren, PA.

Organization
The council is administratively divided into three districts:

 * Diamond Rock District
 * Horseshoe Trail District
 * Octoraro District

History
The Chester County Council was formed by a charter by the National BSA Council in 1919. It was charged with overseeing the Scouts in Chester County under the leadership of Dr. Arthur A. Schuck, who later became the third Chief Scout Executive in the BSA and who had previously been Deputy Chief Scout Executive under Dr. James West. In the early years, the council, forming in the wake of the armistice ending World War I, was able to consolidate the independent troops, despite most of the qualified adults being off in Europe.

In the 1920s, the council, under the leadership of Charles Heistand, underwent a metamorphosis that resulted in the acquisition of a new Scout camp, and the formation of its own Order of the Arrow lodge. Prior to the acquisition of the Reynolds Farm property on the Mason–Dixon line near Rising Sun, Maryland and Oxford, Pennsylvania, Scouts attending summer camp were loaded up onto military trucks, and then shipped out to Camp Rothrock, the council's old summer camp property located near Carlisle, Pennsylvania. The council longed for a camp closer to home, and after being rejected by the former Philadelphia Area Council as being "too far", the council acquired the Reynolds Farm. A moonshiner haven, and the new camp, the Horseshoe Scout Reservation, opened its doors in 1928.

Just a year before, Heistand inquired about starting an Order of the Arrow lodge in the council, and contacted Dr. E. Urner Goodman, who was then serving as the Grand Lodge Chief (now the National Chief of the Order of the Arrow). After a failed attempt in trying to get the Philadelphia Council's OA Lodge, Unami Lodge, to install its chartered members, Goodman himself conducted the first induction ceremony, at Camp Hillsdale, near West Chester. Heistand, Joseph Brinton (who later became the National OA Conference Chief and Chief Scout Executive), and several other members were inducted, and Octoraro Lodge #22 was born.

Since the opening of the camp and the founding of the OA lodge, the council has seen its fair share of growth throughout the county, eventually extending down into Cecil County, Maryland with the formation of several Boy Scout troops and Cub Scout packs as far south as Port Deposit, Maryland. Most of this achievement was under the direction of Lewis Lester, who was the longest serving Scout Executive of the council (in the 1940s and 1950s), and was influential in expanding the facilities at both Camps Horseshoe and Jubilee (later to become Camp John H. Ware, III). More recent additions to the council included the relocation of the council service center from downtown West Chester to an office building just off of the U.S. Highway 202 bypass in Westtown Township, Pennsylvania, and the opening of the "Cub Town" facilities at Camp Ware in 2004.

In 2021, the council would establish the Oscar Lasko Program, Activity & Resource Campus (PARC) in Exton, Pennsylvania. The council would move their official headquarters to the building later in the same year.

Camps
The Horseshoe Scout Reservation is a Boy Scouts of America camp, owned by the Chester County Council, and located on the Mason-Dixon line separating Pennsylvania and Maryland. The name of the camp derives from the Octoraro Creek, a tributary of the Susquehanna River, that makes a meandering 4-mile horseshoe through the property.

Camp John H. Ware, III is a Boy Scout and Cub Scout summer, winter, and weekend camp located in Peach Bottom, Pennsylvania on the Horseshoe Scout Reservation. It is organized by Boy Scouts of America. It shares the reservation with Camp Horseshoe, located on the other side of the Octoraro River. The camp, formerly known as Camp Jubilee, offers a wide variety of activities for young men to participate in while earning merit badges and advancing in rank.

The camp offers its accommodations in all seasons, however it is not staffed throughout the year. The only time when a full complement of staff is present is summer camp. During the winter camping season, the rangers staff the Trading Post, offering food and small souvenirs, including T-shirts and other supplies.

Order of the Arrow
Octoraro Lodge #22 is the local chapter of the Order of the Arrow affiliated with Chester County Council.

Octoraro Lodge #22 supports Horseshoe Scout Reservation, including both Camp Horseshoe and Camp Ware, with thousands of annual volunteer hours of service and multiple fundraisers throughout the year. The purpose of Octoraro Lodge #22 is to support camping throughout the Horseshoe Scout Reservation in the Chester County Council.

The council's Order of the Arrow lodge, Octoraro Lodge #22, was formed in 1927 under the leadership of Charles Heistand and Joseph Brinton, with its first members being inducted by Dr. E. Urner Goodman himself. Octoraro #22 celebrated its Diamond Jubilee in the 2001–2002 season.

In 1946, in the spirit of the lodge's chartering by Dr. Goodman, members of the lodge traveled south to Norfolk, Virginia and inducted the first members of Blue Heron Lodge 349. Both Octoraro and Blue Heron share good relationships and invite members to each other's fall fellowship weekends in September (Octoraro Lodge) and October (Blue Heron).

Octoraro Lodge, which takes its name from the Octoraro Creek, which flows around the Horseshoe Scout reservation, a tributary of the Susquehanna River, uses the Canada goose as its lodge "totem" or symbol. The inside of the lodge is decorated with the goose and other historic order of the arrow memorabilia Early lodge patches and pocket flaps had white geese, with the "W.W.W." stitched in the center and bisected with a horizontally-facing arrow, but since 1971, all flaps used real-colored geese, and a horseshoe (representing the Horseshoe Scout Reservation) diagonally bisected by a red arrow. Prized flaps include the "Cut-Edge Blue," which is the first pocket flaps issued by the lodge in the mid-1950s, and the gold-bordered 50th Anniversary flap, issued in 1976 for the lodge's golden anniversary. Both flaps fetch over $100 at auctions.

NYLT
National Youth Leadership Training (NYLT) is the Boy Scouts of America's premier youth leadership development program. NYLT is designed to train all the youth leaders of a Troop, Crew, or Ship with leadership skills they will be able to apply in Scouting and throughout the rest of their life.

Chester County Council has held one of the top NYLT programs in the nation since its first course in 2003. Chester County puts emphasis on scouting youths running the program. The program is entirely run by scouts under 21.

Youth SPLs
Each year the council picks a youth to run the NYLT program. These youths have been:

 * 2011 - Bennett Kearney
 * 2012 - Eden Ratliff
 * 2013 - Christine Luczka
 * 2014 - Allison McEntee
 * 2015 - Jared Seace
 * 2016 - Nick Quiroz
 * 2017 - Matt Candy
 * 2018 - Liam O'Neill
 * 2019 - Elizabeth Tomkins
 * 2020 - Shane O’Leary
 * 2021 - Joel Kirkland
 * 2022 - Ian Kendall
 * 2023 - Jack Beauchamp
 * 2024 - Grayson Pitman
 * 2025 - Grayson Pitman

These scouts are picked to run all operations of the NYLT program based on their leadership, skill, and attitude.

Notable people
Because of the council's history, members have gone onto higher office at the Area, Regional, and National levels of the BSA. A list of those who served at the national level, or in public office, is listed below.

 * Bill Folger – President of the American Society For The Adoption Of The Metric System
 * Arthur A. Schuck – 1st Scout Executive, later the third Chief Scout Executive of the BSA
 * Hon. Owen J. Roberts – Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court
 * Hon. John H. Ware, III – U.S. Congressman from Oxford
 * Dick Vermeil – retired NFL coach and member of the council's executive board. His annual "Dick Vermeil Invitational" golf tournaments bring in over $1 million each year to help with council operations.

title: Chester County Council


text: User talk:81.79.64.236

title: User talk:81.79.64.236


text:
User talk:Reader's digest

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! D. J. Bracey (talk) 16:13, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
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I like the user name too. D. J. Bracey (talk) 16:13, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

Leah Ruth Robinson
A "" template has been added to the article Leah Ruth Robinson, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but the article may not satisfy Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and the deletion notice explains why (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may contest the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page. Also, please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, the article may still be deleted if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria or it can be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. After Midnight 0001 16:32, 30 June 2007 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Robert W. Walker
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title: User talk:Reader's digest


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Bixchange

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was to delete the article.

Bixchange
nn vanity, product advertising (advertising for pd product is still advertising) Groeck 16:14, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete -- Google shows 21 discrete hits. Quicksandish 16:22, August 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete.   Paul Klenk 21:42, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: User talk:212.142.33.109

title: User talk:212.142.33.109


text: File:Disable Inline Images Option.png

title: File:Disable Inline Images Option.png


text: User talk:69.237.70.164

title: User talk:69.237.70.164


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Nova Scotia Highway 106

Highway 106 is a 19 km 2-lane limited-access highway located within Pictou County, in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. The provincial government named the highway the Jubilee Highway on December 21, 2012 in honour of Queen Elizabeth II's Diamond Jubilee.

The highway is part of the Prince Edward Island loop of the Trans-Canada Highway and connects the Northumberland Ferries terminal in Caribou in the north with the mainline Trans-Canada at Highway 104 near Mount William in the south, 3 km east of New Glasgow.

Route description
Highway 106 begins at a trumpet interchange with Highway 104. The route bypasses to the west side of New Glasgow by running along the centre of Abercrombie Point. It crosses Pictou Harbour to the town of Pictou using the Harvey A. Veniot Causeway, which opened in 1968. A traffic circle at the west end of Pictou, known as the Pictou Rotary, connects Highway 106 with the centre of town as well as Trunk 6 (the Sunrise Trail) and Route 376. The route is a super two expressway except for a short section of at-grade two lane highway near the northern terminus. The route ends in Caribou at the Northumberland Ferries terminal to Prince Edward Island, where the Trans-Canada Highway designation continues as Prince Edward Island Highway 1.

title: Nova Scotia Highway 106


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Mauro Prosperi

Mauro Prosperi (born 13 July 1955) is an Italian former police officer and pentathlete, most notable for his nine-day disappearance and survival in the Sahara, whilst competing in the 1994 Marathon des Sables (Marathon of the Sands) in Morocco.

Early life
Prosperi was born in the Italian capital city of Rome on 13 July 1955.

One year prior to graduating from his secondary school, a liceo artistico (an Italian secondary school focused on the study of art subjects) in 1974, Prosperi began working for the Polizia di Stato (the national police force of Italy) as a crowd-control police officer.

Prosperi met his wife Cinzia Pagliara at a pre-Olympic pentathlon event, where Pagliara was working as an English- and Russian-language interpreter. In an interview with Netflix in 2019, Pagliara noted that she admired Prosperi's positivity and enthusiasm towards overcoming challenges and obstacles at the event. Within six months, the pair had married and now have three children together. However, in a 2014 interview with BBC News, Prosperi noted that his marriage with Pagliara had ended, largely due to the nature of his lifestyle.

Marathon des Sables and disappearance
Prosperi was first informed of the Marathon Des Sables by a friend of seven years and fellow running enthusiast Giovanni Manzo, who entertained the idea that they compete in the 251-kilometer (156 mi) long race together. Keen to challenge himself and drawn towards a new environment of the Sahara, Prosperi began preparing by running 40 kilometers daily and reducing his drinking water intake in aims to acclimatise his body to the feeling of dehydration. His wife, although never preventing Prosperi from competing, expressed her concerns, due to the extreme nature of the event.

Starting in Foum Zguid, Morocco on 10 April 1994, 38-year-old Prosperi set off with Manzo, amongst eighty other runners, to compete in the ultramarathon, his first desert event. During the first three days of the marathon, Prosperi and Manzo covered 96 km of terrain composed of salt beds, rock surfaces and sand dunes. All competitors began running together in the morning, yet due to the small number of participants and differing paces of each individual, each person was running almost entirely alone. Abiding to race regulations, Prosperi navigated the desert in a self-contained fashion, carrying his own supplies of food, clothing, sleeping bag, compass, portable stove and emergency kit with a signal flare within his backpack, whereas water was supplied at race checkpoint stations.

By 14 April, the fourth and longest leg of the marathon, spanning over 85 km, Prosperi had maintained momentum. By early afternoon, he had left Manzo behind and increased his pace, to rank in a position of fourth place. Temperatures that day had peaked at 46 C. Due to the intensity of the sun's rays upon the sand, Prosperi experienced a rise in heated surface air, which in return created swirling winds that were able to travel at rapid speeds, due to the large expanse of the desert. Feeling the increasing effect of the wind, at 32 km into that day's run, he began to cut across small sand dunes to increase his pace. However, stronger gusts of air began to lift the smaller dunes, clouding Prosperi's vision and amounting to a severe sandstorm. In fear of being submerged by the sand if he remained stationary, Prosperi continued to run for the entirety of the storm, which lasted eight hours, determined he was able to see the marathon trail. In an interview with Men's Journal Magazine in 1998, Prosperi said: "'When the sandstorm started to blow, I lost sight of everybody else. I kept running, though, because I thought I could see the trail. I was in seventh place and didn't want to lose my standing. It was nearly dark before the winds relented. I started running again, but after a few minutes it occurred to me that I had lost the trail.'"Due to the intensity of the windblown sand grains upon his skin, Prosperi experienced bleeding within his nose and injuries in his throat, whilst breathing in the particles of sand. It was not until that evening, following the storm's passing, that he stopped to rest by sheltering in a bush and covering his face with a towel. The following morning, the winds had halted. He awoke and continued to run for four hours, convinced he would find other competitors of the race. However, following a climb to the summit of a tall dune, Prosperi was unable to identify any other participants, and furthermore realised that all signs and landmarks indicating the race trail had disappeared following the storm. By this time he also noted the liquid in his water bottle depleting and attempted to drink the remaining water in his bottle as slowly as he could. This method however, was not sufficient to maintain his hydration levels. Remembering a war tale from his grandfather's experience as a soldier, Prosperi began recycling his fluids by urinating in his spare water bottle.

Abiding to race regulation that advised competitors to remain stationary and await rescue, he awaited assistance. It was not until sunset that he noticed a low-flying helicopter, on loan to Marathon coordinators by the Moroccan police, approaching his direction. He presumably believed it was sent in his search. In attempts to capture the pilot's attention, he fired a small flare into the air. However, the pilot had not noticed his attempt as the flare was likely too dim in the desert sun. Race officials adopted sea-grade 500g flares the following year to the dismay of some runners due to their weight.

Survival in the desert
The following day, he began walking in search of shade and water, as he estimated that remaining stationary under the desert sun would endanger him to facing heat stroke. He withheld a compass within his backpack, yet in all directions he noticed nothing but sand amongst the horizon. After hours of walking, Prosperi stumbled upon a vacant Muslim Marabout shrine. To Prosperi's disappointment, the shrine was uninhabited and long abandoned. In an interview with BBC News in 2014, he stated: "'I came across a marabout—a Muslim shrine—where Bedouins stop when they are crossing the desert. I was hoping it was inhabited, but unfortunately there was nobody there—only a holy man in a coffin.'"Prosperi used the shrine as a shelter for the following days, hoping to be found. During this time, he ate portions of his food rations within his backpack by cooking them with fresh urine on his portable burner. He also attempted to maintain hydration by sucking upon wet wipes from his pack, licking dew off of rocks during the morning and continuing to drink his urine. Prosperi further decided to plant a small Italian flag, with which he withheld in his bag, atop the roof of the structure. He hoped this would attract the attention of any individuals in search of him or serve as evidence of his whereabouts to his family if he were to die. Whilst atop the shrine, Prosperi noted a colony of bats within the tower. By removing their heads with his pocket knife, sucking their blood and eating their insides raw, Prosperi nourished himself. He further drew upon bird eggs, beetles and lizards he found near the shrine as food, absorbing any moisture from these animals by cooking the flesh.

On the fourth day of Prosperi's disappearance, another plane flew over his location. He began tracing the distress signal 'SOS' in the sand and lighting a fire with any synthetic materials within his possession, such as his rucksack, to create a smoke signal. As the fire began to light up, another sandstorm struck, lasting twelve hours and leaving Prosperi stranded once again. Having failed to attract help, Prosperi wrote a farewell message to his family with a piece of charcoal. Using his pocket knife, he attempted to end his life by cutting his wrists. With the intention of exsanguination, he lay down in the shrine and awaited an overnight death. Prosperi recounted his motivations in an interview in 2014: "'I was very depressed. I was convinced I was going to die and that it was going to be a long agonising death, so I wanted to accelerate it. I thought if I died out in the desert no-one would find me, and my wife wouldn't get the police pension—in Italy, if someone goes missing you have to wait 10 years before they can be declared dead. At least if I died in this Muslim shrine they would find my body, and my wife would have an income.'" By morning, Prosperi awoke to minimal bleeding upon his wrists. Due to the shallow depth of the incisions he cut and his high level of dehydration, the blood within his veins had clotted instead of freely flowing, ensuring his survival. Prosperi said that this experience aided him in regaining confidence and determination to continue.

Departing from the Shrine, Prosperi continued walking for days, travelling only when temperatures were cool, early in the morning and later in the evening. He attempted to shield himself from the sun throughout the daytime by finding shade against cliffs, caves or beneath trees. In the evenings, he dug pits and submerged his body with sand to insulate himself. Continually moving towards the direction of mountains he noted in the distance, Prosperi maintained his survival by squeezing liquid from plant roots and hunting for beetles, snakes and lizards as food.

By the eighth day of his disappearance, he came across an oasis containing a puddle of water. Due to severe levels of swelling within his throat and mouth caused by dehydration, Prosperi was unable to swallow water, vomiting his initial mouth-fulls. He lay alongside the puddle for hours, periodically sipping the water for the remainder of that day. By the following morning, Prosperi had filled his water container and continued walking. Later that day, he identified signs of fresh goat droppings. Following the trail of animal egestion led him towards human footprints. Prosperi then noticed a young Tuareg girl tending to the trip of goats. By running towards her and begging for help he scared her. The girl ran away screaming and disappeared over a dune. In an interview, Prosperi said: "'She looked at me aghast, screaming in terror. I beseeched her to stop, but she disappeared over a dune. I must be a hideous sight, I thought. I took out my signal mirror and turned it toward my face. I was appalled. I was a skeleton. My eyes had sunk so far back into my skull, I couldn't see them.'"

Rescue and recovery
The young girl returned with her grandmother, who led him towards a Berber Tent in the Tuareg Camp. After being tended to by a group of Tuareg women who served him mint tea and a cup of goat's milk, Prosperi was offered food, yet he was unable to digest it and threw up. He was first loaded onto a camel for several hours by the camp's Tuareg men who took him to the nearest village. There, Prosperi was turned over to a patrol of military police who blindfolded him, in suspicion he may have been a Moroccan spy. Once transported to a military base and interrogated, Prosperi was identified and taken to a hospital in Tindouf. Prosperi had wandered 289 km off-course from the marathon track, traversing the Jebel Bani Mountain range and unknowingly across the Moroccan border into Algeria. He remained at the infirmary in Algeria for seven days, during which he called his wife who presumed he was dead.

During his disappearance, Prosperi's brother and brother-in-law had flown from Italy to join marathon organisers, the Moroccan Military and Bedouin trackers in search of him. Coordinators of the Marathon des Sables were dispatched to search the race trail with Land Rovers, while pilots conducted a fly-over in an ultralight craft. While they discovered traces of Prosperi's route that he had intentionally left behind, they were unable to find him. Searchers also reached the Marabout, identifying signs of Prosperi's time in the shrine. Despite these traces, searchers presumed Prosperi's death, convinced they were in search of his corpse.

Aftermath and return
Doctors reported a weight loss of 15 kg for Prosperi, and that 16 litres of intravenous fluids were required to replenish his water loss. He suffered damage to his liver, disabling him from digesting food and causing him to eat soup, liquids and food ground up by a blender for months. Prosperi experienced severe leg cramps for a year and his kidneys experienced permanent damage. It took almost two years for Prosperi to recover. After recovering for seven days in Algerian hospitals, Prosperi returned to Rome. He was reunited with his family and received a welcoming return home. Prosperi was interviewed as his story was told in newspaper articles and photographed with Italian dignitaries.

Following his disappearance, race regulations of the Marathon des Sables were altered to ensure participants' safety was improved. Runners are now equipped with heavier and larger distress flares, to be used in cases of disorientation.

Prosperi has since returned to the Marathon Des Sables six times, notably placing 13th in 2001. He has said that once he starts something, he wants to finish it. Prosperi has also expressed his love for the desert, saying he is drawn to experiencing it every year. He has stated that sport and nature are significant parts of his life and that these races allow him to experience these aspects first-hand. "'I feel a connection there', he said. 'I love the clarity. And you see, the Sahara spared my life. Those days in the desert were my happiest.'"

Portrayal in media
Public reception to Prosperi's story is polarised, largely due to his portrayal within the media. Following his return to Italy, Prosperi was celebrated widely as the man who had come back from the dead, and was named "the Robinson Crusoe of the Sahara". Despite this, several sports physiologists have questioned the medical viability of his account, with some saying Prosperi exacerbated or staged the occurrence for fame. In 1998, Marathon Des Sables founder Patrick Bauer told Men's Journal that Prosperi's story was a fabrication, saying: "'Don't listen to Mr. Prosperi, his story is a fabrication. He will have you believe he is Superman. It is physiologically impossible for a man to travel more than 200 kilometers in the desert without water. This is a supernatural act. It's possible that he got genuinely lost for a few days. But all the rest rings false. We believe that early on he was picked up by someone. And then he decided to hide out for a while. He thought he could make a killing out of this if he prolonged his ordeal. He thought he could sell his story to the tabloids. He aspired to be the star of his own movie.'" Following the publications of these stories, Prosperi considered a lawsuit against Bauer that would have claimed, among other concerns, that the marathon trail was poorly marked, but ultimately never filed the suit, believing the dispute to be a personal rather than legal matter.

In 1995, a Roman film crew retraced Prosperi's steps for a reenactment documentary of his survival. The filming crew located the Marabout shrine in which Prosperi rested and discovered some of his possessions, along with several bat skeletons.

In 2004, Prosperi's survival story was depicted on the National Geographic Channel in a documentary titled Expeditions to the Edge: Sahara Nightmare, and within episode 5 ("Lost in the Desert") of the 2019 Netflix series Losers. In 2014, British adventurer and survival instructor Bear Grylls also drew influence from Prosperi's survival in the Sahara Desert within an episode of his six-part Discovery Channel series Bear Grylls: Escape from Hell. The third episode of the series, entitled "Desert", follows Grylls re-creating aspects of Prosperi's survival story. Prosperi's story of endurance was also broadcast in a promotional campaign by 20th Century Fox in December 2015 in support of the American drama film The Revenant, released the same year. The campaign was promoted on the film studio's YouTube channel and entitled "The Revenant | Shouldn't Be Alive: Mauro Prosperi".

In May 2020, Prosperi published his book, written in Italian, alongside his former wife and co-author Cinzia Pagliara, entitled Quei 10 Giorni Oltre la Vita ("Those 10 Days Beyond Life").

title: Mauro Prosperi


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Labial furrow

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was speedied (instantly challengable) as an obvious clone of a copyvio. --Tony Sidaway Talk 22:15, 4 September 2005 (UTC)

Labial furrow
This page is cut-and-pasted from Robert Dietz, about a geologist who had nothing to do with labial furrows, as far as I know JanSöderback 16:16, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Unnecessary. Dr Gangrene 20:21, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete not a topic, not the topic for the article. Although I was curious about labial furrows. --WCFrancis 21:28, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete.   Paul Klenk 21:40, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Since Robert Dietz is a copyvio, so too is this. Dietz had nothing whatsoever to do with labial furrows, and this is just some sad anonymous user having a little pathetic fun at our expense. Denni ☯ 01:55, 2005 August 28 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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User talk:Cabreramc

Welcome!

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title: User talk:Cabreramc


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Jean Grolier de Servières

Jean Grolier de Servières, viscount d'Aguisy (c. 1489/90 – 22 October 1565) was Treasurer-General of France and a famous bibliophile. As a book collector, Grolier is known in particular for his patronage of the Aldine Press, and his love of richly decorated bookbindings.

Biography
Grolier was born in Lyon; he encouraged the belief that he was older than seems plausible given the marriage of his parents in 1485, resulting in 1479 often being given as his date of birth. Based on recently discovered documentary evidence from July 1527, when he gave his age as 37 in legal proceedings, he is now regarded as born in 1489-90. His family was of Italian origin, from Verona, but was based in Lyon where Étienne Grolier, Grolier's father, was a wealthy merchant who also held a government post as a tax collector. His mother was Antonia Esbauda; there were four daughters of the marriage, but Jean was their only son. In 1506 Étienne obtained, probably by purchase, the post of Treasurer-General of Milan, then held by the French. Jean Grolier was to inherit this office at the age of 19 or 20 on his father's death in Milan in 1509. Grolier still owned the family house in Lyons in 1536, though he had not lived there as an adult.

In 1508 Jean Grolier was a secrétaire du roi ("secretary to the king" - a junior aide in today's terminology) who had to accompany Louis XII and his court around France. His studies continued under the Renaissance humanist Gaspar Argilensis (or Gaspar d'Argile), who dedicated his edition of Suetonius to Grolier (Lyons 1508). Grolier was in Milan as treasurer from 1509 (at least) until the French were expelled in June 1512, and then returned with the French army, now under François I, in 1515 and remained until they were again thrown out in 1521, after the disaster of the Battle of Pavia, when he returned to France.

In his second period in Milan he was at the centre of a humanistic literary circle, and met Aldus Manutius, printer of so many of his books, when he visited from Venice, probably in 1511. There is no evidence Grolier went to Venice, as is sometimes claimed. Many works were dedicated to him, and several letters to and from his circle survive, including ones from Erasmus.

Grolier later represented the French monarchy in Italy, though claims in older works that he had a formal appointment as ambassador to the Papacy are mistaken. He was Treasurer of War from 1522–31, and after holding regional positions as treasurer he was made one of four Treasurers-General of France in 1537. He had married Anne Briçonnet, from a Tours family, who died in 1545 or so, and they had two daughters at least. He died in Paris and was buried in the Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés, the funeral arranged and the tomb paid for by two daughters and two grandsons.

Book collection
Grolier's books bore the inscription, ''Io. Grolieri et Amicorum (Latin for "the property of Jean Grolier and his friends"), early examples adding Lugdunensis'' ("of Lyon") after his name. There is some debate about how he shared books with his friends, but there is evidence that his generosity in lending to friends resulted in some items going missing, and the library was largely dispersed long before 1675, a date given in older sources. A work of 1620 already claimed that "the finest libraries both in Paris and elsewhere in France owe their adornment solely to Grolier's copies". Some 500 books can still be identified as having formed part of the library, and for centuries Grolier's reputation as a collector has increased the value of any book associated with him. Some of the books are in public collections such as the British Library and the National Library in Paris, the latter institution having the largest number of Grolier bindings.

Grolier was particularly interested in the Latin classics, and his books were bound in different coloured leather according to subject matter. His first period in Italy already shows him taking an innovative interest in bookbinding, commissioning a series of "plaquette bindings" with large medal-like reliefs at the centre of the cover. Previously this style had only been used for special presentation volumes, and Grolier was the first collector to apply it systematically to books for his own library, which he seems to have begun to do in 1510. Most of his library was bound in France, but the designs continued to show Italian influence. Grolier gave his name to a style of bookbinding ornamented with geometric patterns, exemplified in those he commissioned, and perhaps helped to design. Grolier bindings were mostly produced in Paris between 1520 and 1555, and show a development in style: "Simple geometrical strapwork designs with fleurons at the corners of the central panel developed in the later bindings into elaborate curvilinear interlacings combined with arabesques sometimes enclosed in roll-produced borders".

Analysis of the surviving bindings shows that Grolier patronised several workshops over the years. Only a limited amount of information is known about the bookbinders involved: some bindings are in an identifiable style (for example "Grolier's last binder"), while documentary evidence allows a few of the binders to identified by name:
 * Geoffroy Tory (d. 1533), a Parisian printer and bookbinder best known as a designer of type for printing
 * Jean Picard, a Parisian bookbinder and bookseller. Picard was active in the 1540s and, up to 1547, combined his bookbinding with holding the Paris agency of the Aldine Press.

The Grolier Club of New York City was named after him by Walter Montgomery Jackson (1863–1923), who had also commemorated him in the publisher, Grolier, that he founded.

title: Jean Grolier de Servières