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Stan Heath

Stanley Heath III (born December 17, 1964) is an American basketball coach currently serving as the head coach for Eastern Michigan. Heath formerly served as head coach at the University of South Florida, the University of Arkansas and Kent State University, the latter of whom he led to the Elite Eight of the 2002 NCAA basketball tournament. He led all three programs to at least one NCAA tournament.

Background
Stan Heath graduated from Detroit Catholic Central High School in 1983. He was an all-state guard during his time there. He went on to earn his bachelor's in social science from Eastern Michigan University in 1988 and his master's in sports administration from Wayne State University in 1993. Heath redshirted during his first year at Eastern Michigan before lettering his final three years (1985–1987).

Heath is married to the former Ramona Webb (whom he met during his junior year at Eastern Michigan) and they have two sons, Jordan and Joshua.

Assistant and Division II coaching
Stan Heath began his collegiate career at Hillsdale College in 1989 as an assistant. After one season, he moved to Albion College where he was an assistant and the junior varsity head coach for two years. He worked at Wayne State University in Detroit the following three years, including serving as associate head coach in 1994 when WSU set a school record for victories (25–5), helping the Tartars win two Great Lakes Intercollegiate Athletic Conference titles with a trip to the NCAA Division II Final Four in 1993.

After two seasons as an assistant at Bowling Green State University, he joined Tom Izzo at Michigan State University where he was an assistant for five years. He helped the Spartans advance to the Final Four three straight years (1999, 2000, 2001), win the 2000 national title, make another appearance in the Sweet 16 and go a combined 132–37. The Spartans posted records of 17–12 in 1997, 22–8 in 1998, 33–5 in 1999, 32–7 in 2000 and 28–5 in 2001. In addition to the three trips to the Final Four, MSU also reached the Sweet 16 in 1998 and the second round of the NIT in 1997.

On March 19, 2001, Sports Illustrated featured "five college coaches waiting in the wings." Heath was on that list, along with assistant Leonard Perry of Iowa State, Florida assistant John Pelphrey, head coach Jeff Ruland of Iona and Hofstra head coach Jay Wright. A month after that, he was named the head coach at Kent State.

Kent State
Heath got his first collegiate head coach job at Kent State in 2002. Under his guidance, the Golden Flashes finished with a 30–6 record that year and won the Mid-American Conference regular-season and tournament titles. They then came within a victory of reaching the Final Four before falling to Indiana at the South Regional finals of the NCAA tournament.

Along the way, Kent set school and MAC records for wins (30), breaking the record of 29 set by Ball State in 1989; became the first MAC team to reach the Elite Eight since Ohio University in 1964; recorded a league-record 21-game winning streak, including a 17–1 mark in conference play; beat three ranked teams in the NCAA Tournament, including No. 20 Oklahoma State, 69–61, No. 8 University of Alabama, 71–58, and No. 9 University of Pittsburgh, 78–73 in overtime; went 12–0 at home with an average attendance of 4,928, Kent's best since 1970; led the MAC in scoring defense (64.0 ppg), scoring margin (+11.9 ppg), field goal percentage defense (.418), rebounding margin (+5.0 rpg) and assist-to-turnover ratio (1.24) while also ranking second in three-point field goal percentage defense (.326) and turnover margin (+2.78); and suffered its five regular season losses by a total of 15 points.

Individually, Heath's 30 wins ties for the third-most by a first-year head coach in NCAA Division I history with John Warren of Oregon (1945). Only Bill Guthridge of North Carolina (34 in 1998) and Bill Hodges of Indiana State (33 in 1979) won more. The Detroit native was also voted the MAC Coach of the Year and named the national Rookie Coach of the Year by both CBSSportsline.com and CollegeInsider.com.

Arkansas
After his successful first season at Kent State, Heath then moved on to the head coaching position at the University of Arkansas. He was hired on March 28, 2002 to replace Nolan Richardson who had been fired that year after claiming he was being mistreated because he was African American and challenging athletic director Frank Broyles to buy out his contract.

The 2003 season (2002–2003), Heath's first as Razorback head coach, was a difficult one. With key players having left the team, as well as the normal adjustments to a new system, the team struggled to a 9–19 record.

The 2004 season (2003–2004) saw some improvement to key areas, as well as the addition of key freshmen Parade All-American Ronnie Brewer and McDonald's All-American Olu Famutimi, who contributed to a 12–16 record. The team was the 8th youngest in the NCAA.

The 2005 season (2004–2005) showed marked improvement in almost every area, most notably in the front court, with the addition of Steven Hill, Darian Townes, and Charles Thomas. The jewel of the recruiting class, Al Jefferson, never made it to Arkansas as he was selected in the NBA draft by the Boston Celtics. At the conclusion of the 2005 season, Heath spoke for the team in announcing they would not accept an invitation to the NIT end of year basketball tournament. This followed an end of year slide which resulted in the loss of 5 of the last 6 games. The team finished with an 18–12 overall record.

The 2006 season (2005–2006) began with a key win over University of Kansas, and respectable losses to national powers Connecticut and Maryland. The end of conference play brought on wins over ranked opponents Florida and Tennessee, five straight wins, and a winning regular season conference record for the first time for Heath at Arkansas. The Razorbacks received an NCAA tournament bid for the first time under Heath, but lost in the first round to Bucknell. At the end of the 2005–2006 season as coach, Arkansas had improved (winning percentage, post season play, conference record) in each of the four full seasons he has coached.

The 2007 season (2006–2007) began by winning the Old Spice Classic inaugural tournament with wins over Southern Illinois, Marist, and West Virginia. The team made it to the SEC Championship Game with victories over South Carolina, Mississippi State, and Vanderbilt. The Razorbacks would lose to Florida in the championship game 77–56 but still received an at large bid to the 2007 NCAA tournament for the second year in a row. The Razorbacks received a 12th seed but lost in the first round against 5th seeded Southern California with the final score of 77–60. On March 26, 2007, Heath's coaching career at Arkansas ended; he believed that lackluster ticket sales played a role. It was reported that Heath would get a settlement of $900,000 over the next three years after being fired. Heath had been earning $772,943 (including media contract, endorsements, etc.) plus an additional $71,000 tax deferred annuity and UA retirement account.

South Florida
Shortly after being fired from Arkansas, Heath agreed to a five-year contract with the South Florida Bulls on April 2, 2007 replacing Robert McCullum. The Bulls, coming off a 12–16 season the year before, lost their first 3 games of the season before rebounding with a win over in-state rival Florida State.

During the 2009–10 season, Heath led the Bulls to their first postseason tournament appearance since 2002. The team won 20 games (with a 9–9 Big East record) and earned a spot in the NIT but lost in the first round to North Carolina State.

Heath's most successful season came in his fifth year with the Bulls, when he led them to 22 victories, and tied for fourth in the Big East league standings. It was good enough to garner a 12 seed in the NCAA tournament, where USF defeated California in a play-in game and then knocked off fifth-seeded Temple in the round of 64 before losing to Ohio in the round of 32, 62–56.

Heath and the Bulls parted ways after the team lost in the first round of the 2014 conference tournament. He spent one season as a college basketball analyst for ESPN.

Back to assistant ranks
On June 30, 2015, Heath and Jim Christian were reunited as Boston College announced Heath would join Christian's coaching staff.

Lakeland Magic
In August 2017, Heath was announced as the new head coach of the NBA G League team the Lakeland Magic, the affiliate team of the NBA's Orlando Magic. In 2021, he led Lakeland to the G League championship in the pandemic-shortened single-site season. He was then named the league's Coach of the Year.

Eastern Michigan
On April 12, 2021, Heath was appointed as the new head coach of the Eastern Michigan's men's basketball team.

title: Stan Heath


text: User talk:207.67.144.53

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:207.67.144.53


text:
John Keane (hurler)

John Keane (18 February 1917 – 1 October 1975) was an Irish hurler who played as a centre-back at senior level for the Waterford county team.

Born in Waterford, Keane first played competitive hurling during his school days at Mount Sion CBS. He arrived on the inter-county scene at the age of fifteen when he first linked up with the Waterford minor team, before later lining out with the junior side. He made his senior debut in the 1934–35 National Hurling League. Keane went on to play a key part for a Waterford team that made a long overdue breakthrough, and won one All-Ireland medal and two Munster medals.

As a representative of the Munster inter-provincial team for twelve years, Keane won seven Railway Cup medals during that period. At club level he won eight championship medals with Mount Sion.

Keane's retirement came following the conclusion of the 1951 championship.

In retirement from playing, Keane became involved in team management and coaching. As trainer of the Waterford senior team in 1959, he guided them to Munster and All-Ireland victory. He was also heavily involved with training various Mount Sion teams.

Keane has been repeatedly voted onto teams made up of the sport's greats, including at centre-back on the Hurling Team of the Century in 1984 and the Hurling Team of the Millennium in 2000.

Early life
John Keane was born in Waterford, on 18 February 1917, into a family that was steeped in the traditions of Gaelic Ireland. His childhood years were spent among like-minded neighbours in the city's Barrack Street. Keane was educated at Mount Sion School, a great hurling nursery and a cradle of all things Gaelic and nationalist where he became the star hurler – going on to represent the Munster colleges team for three successive years.

Club
Keane played his club hurling with the Mount Sion club in Waterford city. He won his first senior county title in 1938, the first senior title won by Mount Sion. Keane captained the club to further county titles in 1939, 1940, 1943, 1945, 1948, 1949 and 1951. On his retirement from hurling in 1951 he was the only man in his club who had played on every championship winning team. He continued playing football for his club until 1955, winning two county senior medals.

Inter-county
Keane made his inter-county debut with Waterford in a Munster quarter-final defeat of Cork on 15 May 1932. His four-year tenure with the minor team was largely unsuccessful, apart from one Munster final appearance in 1934.

In 1934 Keane was just seventeen when he became a central figure on the Waterford junior hurling team that reached the provincial decider. A huge 7–10 to 5–2 defeat of Cork gave him a Munster medal in that grade. London provided the opposition on the subsequent All-Ireland decider. A close game developed, however, Waterford triumphed by 3–5 to 3–3, giving Keane an All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship medal.

Keane's performances in the minor and junior grades brought him to the attention of the senior selectors. He made his senior debut in a National Hurling League game against Cork on 10 February 1935.

In 1938 Keane was a dominant force in defence as Waterford defeated Cork to reach the Munster decider. Clare provided the opposition, however, a narrow 3–5 to 2–5 victory gave Waterford their first ever provincial crown. Keane later lined out in his first All-Ireland final on 4 September 1938, with Dublin standing in the way of a first championship. After battling hard for the hour, a more experienced Dublin secured a narrow 2–5 to 1–6 victory.

A decade in the doldrums followed Waterford's breakthrough season and, apart from a Munster final defeat in 1943, Keane enjoyed little success.

In 1948 Waterford made the breakthrough once again by reaching the provincial decider. Cork, a team aiming for a sixth All-Ireland title in nine championships seasons, provided the opposition. After falling behind by five points early in the game, Waterford fought back to lead by a point at the interval. Goalkeeper Charlie Ware made some great saves while Johnny O'Connor stymied Cork's chief scorer Christy Ring to secure a 4–7 to 3–9 victory. It was Keane's second Munster medal. The subsequent All-Ireland final on 5 September 1948 pitted Waterford against Dublin. "The Decies" started well and took a commanding 2–5 to 0–2 lead at the interval, with Keane scoring one of the Waterford goals. Dublin rallied in the second half, however, Waterford quickly regained the upper-hand and powered to a 6–7 to 4–2 victory. Playing at centre-forward Keane gave a masterclass, scoring three goals and two points and made most of the other scores. The victory also gave him an All-Ireland medal.

Keane retired from inter-county hurling without any further success following Waterford's exit from the 1951 championship.

Post-playing career
In retirement from playing Keane became heavily involved in training both club and county teams. He trained his own Mount Sion club to many county victories in the 1950s and 1960s including a record-equalling nine Waterford senior hurling titles in succession. In the eighteen years between 1948 and 1965 the Mount Sion club won fifteen county senior hurling titles and John was associated as player or coach with every success.

As the trainer of the Waterford county senior hurling team he experienced a run of success when the county won three Munster titles, one All-Ireland, one National League and one Oireachtas title. Keane's side won the Munster title in 1957 but Waterford later lost the All-Ireland final by just one point to Kilkenny. After losing the Munster final in 1958 Keane's side bounced back in 1959 to win another Munster medal. That year the Decies faced Kilkenny in the All-Ireland final once again and, after a drawn game, Waterford overwhelmed Kilkenny in the replay to claim a second-ever All-Ireland title. In 1962 Keane guided Waterford to an Oireachtas title and the following year to National Hurling League and Munster honours. However Waterford fell to Kilkenny in an exciting All-Ireland final.

In his final years Keane, who smoked cigarettes through most of his life, suffered from ill health. A heart condition and circulation problems reduced the mobility of one of Ireland's greatest-ever hurlers. He knew that his time on earth was limited so, shortly before his death, Keane embarked on a tour of the country to visit many of his former hurling opponents. It was an heroic journey that also proved to be his last. First he travelled to Kilkenny to visit his great friend and opponent Jim Langton. Then back to Waterford where he spent a restless night tossing and turning with the pain. On the following day he travelled to Kinsale where he called on Jack Barrett, an old hurling colleague from his Munster Railway Cup days. After visiting Jackie Power in Tralee Keane was travelling to Limerick when he died on the side of the road near Tarbert, County Kerry, on 1 October 1975. He was just fifty-eight years old.

The following day his remains were brought back to Waterford and Mount Sion where the thousands waited silently in the wind and the rain to say a last farewell to the man who had made them all feel so proud and on the following day he was buried in the cemetery overlooking the broad sands of Tramore.

Keane was posthumously honoured by being named on the Hurling Team of the Century in 1984 and the Hurling Team of the Millennium in 2000. He was picked for the centre-back position on both teams, marking him out as the greatest number six in the history of the game.

In 2009 the Waterford City Trust erected a blue heritage plaque on the house where John was born in Barrack street, Waterford and in 2010 a long overdue biography of John was published – THE UNCONQUERABLE KEANE: John Keane and the rise of Waterford hurling by David Smith.

Administrative career
All through his life Keane was heavily involved in the administrative side of the GAA with both club and county. At various times in his career as a player with his club, he was chairman, selector, coach and captain. With the county he filled the role of team selector, team coach and, for two years, county treasurer.

Mount Sion

 * Waterford senior hurling championship:
 * Winner (8): 1938, 1939, 1940, 1943, 1945, 1948, 1949, 1951
 * Runner-up (2): 1941, 1950
 * Waterford minor hurling championship:
 * Winner (3): 1931, 1933 1934
 * Runner-up (1):1932
 * Waterford senior football championship:
 * Winner (2): 1953, 1955
 * Waterford Junior football championship:
 * Winner (1): 1939

Waterford

 * All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship:
 * Winner (1): 1948
 * Runner-up (1): 1938
 * Munster Senior Hurling Championship:
 * Winner (2): 1938, 1948
 * Runner-up (1): 1943
 * National Hurling League:
 * Runner-up (1): 1939
 * Munster Junior Hurling Championship:
 * Winner (1): 1934
 * All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship:
 * Winner (1): 1934
 * Munster Junior football championship:
 * Winner (1): 1948

Munster

 * Railway Cup:
 * Winner (7): 1937, 1938, 1939, 1940, 1942, 1943, 1949
 * Runner-up (2): 1941, 1947,

title: John Keane (hurler)


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Ossory (disambiguation)

The Irish geographical name Ossory can refer to:
 * Kingdom of Ossory or Osraige, an ancient kingdom of Ireland
 * Earl of Ossory, a subsidiary title held by the Earl of Ormond
 * Ossory (UK Parliament constituency), a UK Parliament constituency in Ireland from 1885 to 1918
 * Diocese of Ossory, diocese associated with the ancient kingdom above, historical parent of the dioceses below
 * Roman Catholic Diocese of Ossory
 * Bishop of Ossory, bishop of the diocese above
 * Diocese of Ossory, Ferns and Leighlin, Church of Ireland, established 1835
 * Bishop of Ossory, Ferns and Leighlin, bishop of the diocese above
 * Diocese of Cashel and Ossory, Church of Ireland, established 1977
 * Bishop of Cashel and Ossory, bishop of the diocese above
 * Ronald Ossory Dunlop (1894–1973), Irish author and painter
 * HMS Ossory, three ships of the Royal Navy
 * Ossory (horse), thoroughbred racehorse
 * Ossory, a fictional prophet in the novel Small Gods

title: Ossory (disambiguation)


text:
Talk:Jim McQueen

Untitled
Thanks for helping with that edit Cyrius

Death
James Thomas McQueen "Jim" passed away Saturday, June 11, 2016, at the age of 83 169.150.142.192 (talk) 18:42, 20 September 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Jim McQueen


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Guns of El Chupacabra

Guns of El Chupacabra is a 1997 martial arts based monster film that was directed by Donald G. Jackson and was produced by and stars Scott Shaw. The co-stars of this film include Julie Strain, Kevin Eastman, Conrad Brooks, Joe Estevez, and Robert Z'Dar.

Development and plot
The films follow the lead character Jack B. Quick, Space Sheriff, who is sent to Earth by Queen B, and King Allmedia to battle El Chupacabra. He enters the Earth driving a vintage Plymouth Belvedere. Once on Earth he acquires several fire arms and goes on a mission to rid the earth of El Chupacabra.

"This has B-grade pinup Julie Strain as priestess Queen B. Her then-real-life husband, Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles co-creator Kevin Eastman plays King Allmedia. From their space boudoir, comprising as it does candelabras, a chaise longue, and some curtains, they summon Scott Shaw's Space Sheriff Jack B. Quick, and tell him they'll reward him with an action-hero franchise if he defeats Robert Z'Dar's Z-Man Lord Invader, who has unleashed the mythical monster the Chupacabra on earth. So far, so low-rent, but comprehensible, at least by the standards of Jackson and Shaw. Jack heads to earth and all sense goes out the window".

The most interesting Shaw/Jackson collaboration is Guns of El Chupacabra (1997), a film that has been described as "Fellini meets the Coen Brothers". It's an acid-tinged spaghetti western about a space sheriff named James B. Quick who has come to earth to kill mythical creatures in the desert. The cast includes B-movie legends Joe Estevez (brother of Martin Sheen) and Robert Z'Dar (Samurai Cop), Penthouse Pet Julie Strain and her husband, Teenage Mutant Turtles co-creator Kevin Eastman, and Conrad Brooks, an actor who appeared in the films of legendary director Ed Wood (Plan 9 From Outer Space). All of these actors were quick to embrace the creativity that Zen filmmaking allows and have appeared in many Scott Shaw films over the years".

"So why opt for El Chupacabra? It was pure serendipity according to Scott Shaw, the film's producer. 'Don and I were down in Mexico to do a movie called the Guns of Baha, and we were scouting locations. We kept hearing about these chupacabras. We got to this weird road and noticed strange dead animals along the roadside. So it was five in the evening and there was three cars down the road. Suddenly, something apparently ran across the road causing the first car to flip over. We stopped. Don had a bad hip, so I grabbed the camera and started helping people out while trying to shoot things. The people swore it was a chupacabra that made the car flip. Don and I looked at each other so then we just decided to change the film title from Baha to Guns of El Chupacabra".

Media
The television series Strange Universe did an episode on this movie titled, "The Chupacabra".

title: Guns of El Chupacabra


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Republican Party of India

The Republican Party of India (RPI, often called the Republican Party or simply Republican) was a political party in India. It had its roots in the Scheduled Castes Federation led by B. R. Ambedkar. The 'Training School for Entrance to Politics' was established by Ambedkar in 1956 which was to serve as an entry point to the Republican Party of India (RPI). The first batch of the school consisted of 15 students. Its first batch turned out to be last batch as the school was closed after Ambedkar's death in 1956.

Independent Labour Party
The Independent Labour Party (ILP) was a political Organisation formed under the leadership of B. R. Ambedkar on 15 August 1936. It opposed the caste and capitalist structures in India, supported the Indian working class and sought to dismantle the caste in India. The formation of the ILP was not welcomed or supported by the communist leaders, who argued that it would lead to a split in the working-class votes. Ambedkar replied that communist leaders were working for the rights for the worker but not for the human rights of Dalit workers. In his work Annihilation of Caste, Ambedkar put forth the idea that caste is not merely the 'division of labour' but 'division of labourers' based upon graded inequality. In the 1937 Provincial elections, the ILP secured 14 of the 17 seats in which they contested. This included 11 of the 13 contested seats that were reserved for traditionally oppressed communities. In 1938, the ILP, with the support of the Congress Socialist Party, organised a march of 20,000 tenants from the Konkan region to Bombay, marked the largest pre-independence peasant mobilisation in the region. In the same year, it also joined with Communists to organise Bombay textile labourers in opposition to the Industrial Disputes Bill intended to control strike actions by the labourers. ILP opposed the bill in the Bombay Legislative Assembly.

Scheduled Castes Federation

Scheduled Castes Federation (SCF) was an organisation in India founded by B. R. Ambedkar in 1942 to campaign for the rights of the Dalit community. An executive body of All India SCF was elected in the convention. N. Sivaraj from Madras State was elected as president and P. N. Rajbhoj from Bombay State was elected as general secretary, including founder body member P. T. Madhale and others.

Ambedkar had founded the Depressed Classes Federation (DCF) in 1930 and the Independent Labour Party (ILP) in 1935. Sources vary regarding which of these two bodies was succeeded by the SCF. SCF later evolved into the Republican Party of India.

There was also a party called Scheduled Caste Federation in Pakistan after Partition. Ramnarayan Rawat stated that the SCF "created the space for an alternative to Congress-type 'nationalist' politics in post- 1947 Uttar Pradesh".

Republican Party of India
On 30 September 1956, B. R. Ambedkar had announced the establishment of the "Republican Party of India" by dismissing the "Scheduled Castes Federation", but before the formation of the party, he died on 6 December 1956. After that, his followers and activists planned to form this party. A meeting of the Presidency was held at Nagpur on 1 October 1957 to establish the party. At this meeting, N. Sivaraj, Yashwant Ambedkar, P. T. Borale, A. G. Pawar, Datta Katti, Dadasaheb Rupwate, Abba P. T. Madhale were present. The Republican Party of India was formed on 3 October 1957. N. Sivaraj was elected as the President of the party.

In 1957, six members of the party were elected to the second Lok Sabha. This is the biggest achievement of Ambedkar's party so far.

Factionalism
After Ambedkar's death, RPI suffered severe internal strife. Several distinct parties claim the name of RPI. There are more than 50 factions of RPI. In 2009, all factions of RPI except Prakash Ambedkar's Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh reunited to form a united "Republican Party of India (United)". One of the main people responsible for this was Rabbi Madan. Later, Republican Party of India (Gavai) and Republican Party of India (A) led by Ramdas Athawale split again from the united party. Splinter groups of RPI include:
 * Republican Party of India (A) of Ramdas Athawale
 * Republican Party of India (A) of M.G. Nagamani
 * Peoples Republican Party Jogendra Kawade
 * Republican Party of India (United)
 * Republican Party of India (Gavai) of R. S. Gavai and Rajendra Gavai
 * Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh of Prakash Ambedkar
 * Rashtriya Republican Party of Annasaheb Katare
 * Republican Party of India (S) of Shyam Gaikwad
 * Bahujan Samaj Party founder Kanshi Ram worked with RPI for eight years.

title: Republican Party of India


text: User talk:68.7.119.164

title: User talk:68.7.119.164


text:
Grigoriopol District

Grigoriopol District (Raionul Grigoriopol; Григориопольский район; Григоріопольський район) is an administrative district of Transnistria (de facto) in Moldova (de jure). It is located along the river Dniester, in the center of Transnsitria. Its seat is the city of Grigoriopol, located at 47.13333°N, 29.3°W, on the Dniester river. The district contains two cities/towns and 14 communes (a total of 31 localities, including small villages/hamlets):

According to the 2004 Census in Transnistria, the population of the sub-district is 48,000, including 31,085 (64.76%) Moldovans, 7,332 (15.28%) Ukrainians, 8,333 (17.36%) Russians, 123 (0.26%) Gagauzians, 240 (0.50%) Bulgarians, 13 (0.03%) Roma, 26 (0.05%) Jews, 100 (0.21%) Poles, 187 (0.39%) Belarusians, 327 (0.68%) Germans, 62 (0.13%) Armenians, and 139 (0.29%) others and non-declared.

List of heads of the state administration of the Grigoriopol District and the town of Grigoriopol

 * Yan Viktorovich Vereshchak (? - 11 April 2014)
 * Yuriy Valentinovich Larchenko (11 April 2014 - )

title: Grigoriopol District


text:
User:St. Hillaire

Yukio Mishima

title: User:St. Hillaire


text: Category:Luminous Mysteries

title: Category:Luminous Mysteries


text:
Category:Podicipediformes

The Podicipediformes is an order of birds containing the Grebes. About 20 species in a single family, Podicipedidae.

title: Category:Podicipediformes


text: Template:NASAadmin

title: Template:NASAadmin


text:
User talk:St. Hillaire

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Hamster Sandwich 21:18, 17 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
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title: User talk:St. Hillaire


text:
The Three Hostages

The Three Hostages is the fourth of five Richard Hannay novels by the Scottish author John Buchan, first published in July 1924 by Hodder & Stoughton, London.

Hannay had previously appeared in The Thirty Nine Steps (1915), his most famous adventure, and in two books about his activities during the First World War, Greenmantle (1916) and Mr Standfast (1919). The last novel in this series of five novels is The Island of Sheep. Three Hostages is set sometime after the war. Hannay has married Mary Lamington (who featured in Mr Standfast) and the couple have settled down to live in rural tranquility in the Cotswolds with their young son Peter John.

Plot
Dr Greenslade discusses with his friend Richard Hannay the power of the subconscious, and the ills of post-war society.

Hannay is asked to help recover three hostages seized by associates of a criminal gang that aims to control people's disturbed and disordered minds in the aftermath of the Great War. They are Adela Victor, daughter of a wealthy American banker and fiancée to Hannay's wartime companion the Marquis de la Tour du Pin ('Turpin'); Lord Mercot, an undergraduate; and Davie Warcliffe, a schoolboy.

Hannay and Greenslade puzzle over a cryptic poem sent by the kidnappers which refers to a blind woman spinning, a Norwegian barn, and "the Fields of Eden". Greenslade says he has heard of the first two before, though he cannot recall where. When Hannay discovers that the last expression comes from a hymn, Greenslade remembers a man named Dominick Medina who had talked of these things and who had hummed the tune. He had also mentioned a curiosity shop, which may relate to the Fields.

Medina impresses Hannay, but his old friend Sandy Arbuthnot is suspicious. When Hannay is invited to Medina's home, Medina attempts hypnotism, but Hannay manages to resist. Feeling ill the next day he visits a Dr Newhover, a name suggested by Medina, and is referred to a masseuse named Madame Breda, in whose house he sees a strange-looking young girl named Gerda. He is again hypnotised, and resists. Sandy departs saying that he needs to continue his own researches in Europe.

Hannay visits a dance club with his friend Archie Roylance and sees a beautiful young dancer with dead eyes who appears to be under the control of a man he recognises as Medina's butler.

Medina introduces Hannay to his mother, a blind, frightening old woman. She also attempts to hypnotise him, and he pretends to succumb, acting out a variety of demeaning tasks. Hannay is present when Medina meets with Kharama, an Indian who emanates ruthless power and whom Medina addresses as 'master'.

Learning that Newhover plans to visit Norway, Hannay tells Medina that he is ill and needs a week's bed rest at home. Medina agrees, enabling Hannay to slip away and follow Newhover to a secluded Norwegian farm where Lord Mercot is being held. Hannay insists that Mercot must remain there a little longer to avoid tipping off the gang and risking the lives of the other hostages. Archie flies Hannay back to England in a private plane.

In an old book, Hannay finds mention of a London pleasure-resort known as "the Fields of Eden". Where it had once stood he finds an antique shop. Exploring by night, he discovers a room overlooking the dance club he had visited earlier. He watches a hideously-dressed couple dancing, and is shocked to recognise Turpin and his own wife, Mary. Later, Mary explains that she and Turpin have been working for Sandy, and that they have found Turpin's fiancée, Adela: she is the dead eyed dancer.

Hannay moves in with Medina. Turpin is kidnapped and held in the same house as his fiancée. Mary disguises herself as a district visitor and befriends the maid at Madame Breda's house.

The police swoop simultaneously in several countries: conspirators are arrested and the located hostages released. Medina refuses Hannay's offer of immunity in return for the still-missing Davie Warcliffe – even when Kharama enters and reveals himself to be a disguised Sandy who has been holding Turpin and Adela at Medina's request. Mary enters with Gerda from Madame Breda's – now revealed to be Davie. Full of wrath, she threatens to disfigure the vain Medina; he capitulates and restores the boy's mind.

Davie is returned to his father, Lord Mercot resumes his studies, and Adela and Turpin marry.

Some months later, Sandy warns Hannay that Medina is seeking revenge, and Hannay heads to a remote deerstalking lodge in the Scottish Highlands. Medina follows. The men stalk each other through the Highland crags, with Hannay eventually gaining an upper position. Medina attempts to climb up, and gets dangerously stuck. Hannay lowers a lifeline, but the rope breaks and Medina falls to his death. Hannay collapses, exhausted, and is rescued by Mary the next morning.

Principal characters

 * Sir Richard Hannay, retired soldier, intelligence agent, and former mining engineer
 * Mary, his wife, also a former intelligence agent
 * Sandy Arbuthnot, old friend of Hannay
 * Sir Archie Roylance, a friend of Hannay
 * Sir Walter Bullivant, a senior officer in the intelligence service
 * MacGillivray, Bullivant's right-hand man
 * Dr Tom Greenslade, well-travelled local doctor
 * Adela Victor, daughter of a wealthy American banker
 * The Marquis de la Tour du Pin, Adela's fiancé, an old friend of Hannay
 * Lord Mercot, an Oxford undergraduate
 * David Warcliff, a ten-year-old schoolboy
 * Dominick Medina, a gifted and popular society man, poet and politician
 * His mother, a blind and frightening old lady
 * Dr Newhover, a medical man
 * Madame Breda, a masseuse
 * Kharama, an Eastern mystic
 * Herr Gaudian, a German engineer

Film, TV, radio or theatrical adaptations
In 1952, a six-part series The Three Hostages with Patrick Barr playing Richard Hannay was broadcast by the BBC.

1977 TV adaptation
The novel was adapted for television by the BBC in 1977. Written by John Prebble and directed by Clive Donner, the 85-minute television film The Three Hostages starred Barry Foster as Hannay, Diana Quick as Mary, Alexander Mackay as Hannay's son Peter John, Peter Blythe as Sandy Arbuthnot and John Castle as Medina. It was shown in the United States by PBS.

The film was one in a series of British thrillers set between the wars produced by Mark Shivas. Others included Rogue Male and She Fell Among Thieves.

2003 radio adaptation
The story was also adapted for radio by Bert Coules for BBC Radio 4 as a two-part drama starring David Robb as Hannay and Clive Merrison as Sir Walter Bullivant, first broadcast in September 2003.

title: The Three Hostages


text:
User:Slyshade

is this working?

title: User:Slyshade


text:
Masao Kume

Masao Kume (久米 正雄) was a Japanese popular playwright, novelist and haiku poet (under the pen-name of Santei) active during the late Taishō and early Shōwa periods of Japan. His wife and the wife of Nagai Tatsuo were sisters, making them brothers-in-law.

Early life
Kume was born in Ueda city, Nagano prefecture. His father was the principal of the local elementary school, and committed suicide in 1897 to take responsibility for a fire which destroyed a portion of the school where a portrait of Emperor Meiji had been displayed. Kume moved with his mother to her home in Kōriyama city, Fukushima prefecture, where he was raised.

Literary career
Kume exhibited a talent for haiku poetry even in elementary school. After graduating from Tokyo Imperial University Department of Literature under Natsume Sōseki (together with classmates Ryūnosuke Akutagawa and Kan Kikuchi), he joined a literary group that published a literary magazine called Shinshichō (新思潮).

Kume's debut as a playwright came with Gyunyuya no Kyōdai ("Milkman’s Siblings"), which was staged in 1914 and proved to be very popular. By 1916, he had published his first novel Chichi no Shi ("My Father's Death") and a play Abukuma Shinju ("Love Suicides at Abukuma"). In 1918, he founded the Kokumin Bungeikai ("People's Arts Movement") with Kaoru Osanai and Mantarō Kubota. His fame and kudos as a novelist grew when he wrote a series of stories, including Hotaru Gusa ("Firefly Weeds"), Hasen ("Shipwreck"), and Bosan ("Visit to a Grave"), about his unrequited love for Natsume Sōseki's eldest daughter (he proposed to her via her parents, as was the prevailing practice at the time, but she surprised everyone by announcing her love for Kume's classmate and close friend Yuzuru Matsuoka instead). In 1925, Kume wrote an essay, Shishōsetsu to Shinkyō shōsetsu ("The I-Novel and the Mental State Novel"), which became a classic in defining those two literary forms. In 1933, he wrote a melodramatic novel Tsuki yori no shisha ("Messenger from the Moon"), which was a major best-seller. Kume was arrested in Kamakura in 1933, along with fellow literati Matsutarō Kawaguchi and Ton Satomi for illegal card gambling. In 1938, Kume joined the Pen butai (lit. "Pen corps"), a government organisation consisting of authors who travelled the front during the Second Sino-Japanese War to write favourably of Japan's war efforts in China, and later the Nihon bungaku hōkokukai ("Patriotic Association for Japanese Literature"), led by Sohō Tokutomi and himself.

Life in Kamakura
Kume relocated from Tokyo to ancient capital Kamakura, Kanagawa prefecture due to the Great Kantō earthquake of 1923, residing there until his death in 1952 at the age of 60. He was a prominent figure in Kamakura literary circles, helping to establish the Kamakura P.E.N. Club, the Kamakura Carnival, and running the Kamakura Bunko lending library.

Kume suffered from high blood pressure much of his life, and died of a cerebral hemorrhage. His grave is at the temple of Zuisen-ji in Kamakura. After Kume's death, his house was physically relocated from the Nikaido district of Kamakura to Kōriyama in Fukushima prefecture, where it now houses the Kōriyama Bunkagu no Mori Museum. There is a bronze statue of Kume in the grounds of Hase-dera in Kamakura.

title: Masao Kume


text:
Symposium (disambiguation)

The symposium was an Ancient Greek social institution.

Symposium may also refer to:

Academia and scholarship

 * Symposium (Plato), a dialogue by Plato
 * Symposium (Xenophon), a dialogue by Xenophon
 * Symposium: Canadian Journal of Continental Philosophy, an academic journal
 * Academic conference, an academic gathering concerning a scholarly subject
 * A special issue (or part of an issue) of an academic journal dedicated to a particular topic

Arts and entertainment

 * Symposium (band), a British band
 * The Symposium (band), an American band
 * Symposium (Feuerbach), a pair of 19th-century paintings by Anselm Feuerbach
 * Symposium (Gallen-Kallela), a painting by Akseli Gallen-Kallela
 * Symposium (novel), a 1990 novel by Muriel Spark
 * "Sympozium", a song by Dimmu Borgir from Puritanical Euphoric Misanthropia

title: Symposium (disambiguation)


text:
Viper (TV series)

Viper is an American action-adventure television series about a special United States task force set up by the federal government to fight crime in the fictional city of Metro City, California, that is perpetually under siege from one crime wave after another. The weapon used by this task force is an urban assault vehicle that masquerades as a Dodge Viper RT/10 roadster and coupe (later, the Viper GTS). The series takes place in "the near future". The primary brand of vehicles driven in the show were Chrysler or subsidiary companies. The series ran on NBC for one season in 1994 before being revived two years later for three more seasons of first-run syndication. Reruns of the series have appeared on Sci-Fi Channel and USA Network.

The Viper Defender "star car" was designed by Chrysler Corporation engineers unlike most Hollywood film/television cars that are usually customized by film picture designers. The exterior design of the car was produced by Chrysler stylist Steve Ferrerio.

NBC run
The original series began filming in Los Angeles Area in early 1993 and was planned to debut on CBS in Fall 1993. However, it was first delayed when Stephen J. Cannell also named his new TV show Viper. After a lawsuit by Chrysler Corporation, Cannell renamed his show Cobra. The premiere of Viper was delayed further when CBS deemed the series to be too violent and decided to bury it. However, due to Chrysler's backing, production of the series proceeded, and was picked up by NBC.

The series originally aired on NBC during the 1993–1994 season, debuting on January 2, 1994 with a two-hour pilot movie, as a mid-season replacement for Against the Grain in NBC's Friday Night 8PM slot. After falling ratings, the series was canceled in April 1994.

The music for the pilot and opening theme for season 1 was composed by Eddie Jobson. Jay Ferguson took over music composition for the rest of the seasons. He composed a remixed theme of the original season-1 opening and the brand new season-4 opening theme.

The Dodge Viper RT/10 Roadsters used in seasons 1–3 were actually not production models. Instead, Chrysler supplied various leftover engineering mules and prototypes of the Viper (still visually the same). Many other cars in season 1 were leftover prototypes, as well. For example, in the pilot movie, the Eagle Premier sedans with yellow vinyl stripes were drivetrain engineering mules for the LH cars (Dodge Intrepid/Chrysler Concorde).

The special effect "hex snakeskin" transformation for the pilot and the first season was done by Metrolight Studios. Tim Claycomb and Tim Eilers took over the transformation sequence after the first season. Sources indicate that it cost $50,000 for each transformation scene in the NBC season.

First-run syndication version
After NBC canceled the series, production company Paramount Television decided to rework Viper for first-run syndication. With the company's syndication unit as distributor, Viper began airing on weekends in September 1996. The only actor to return for season 2 was Joe Nipote in his role as Frankie "X" Waters, and he would remain until the end of the series. James McCaffrey, who played Joe Astor, the Viper's driver in season 1, returned in season 4. Heather Medway, who played Det. Cameron Westlake, was the only new cast member from the show's revival to stay on the entire three syndicated seasons (from 1996 to 1999).

Season 2 was filmed predominantly in Calgary, Alberta. The series was then moved for filming in Vancouver, British Columbia, during seasons 3 and 4. The Cobalt Blue Metallic color on the Viper GTS in season 4 was not an optional color for the production Viper GTS; it was specifically for the show only.

Viper came to an end in May 1999.

Season 1 (1994)
Metro City was under siege from the crime wave that was begun by "the Outfit", a crime group led in the pilot by a man known only as Mr. Townsend (played by William Russ), and later led by Lane Cassidy (played by Richard Burgi). The Metro City Police Department, or MetroPol, was unable to get a handle on the situation. This led to the creation of the Viper Project, a special top-secret task force created by the federal government to fight the wave of violence sweeping Metro City.

This task force used a modified 1994 Flame Red Dodge Viper RT/10 Roadster sports car that could, at the flip of a secret switch, transform from a muscle car into an armored machine known as "Defender". The "Defender" was an invention of technological specialist Julian Wilkes (played by Dorian Harewood), who was paralyzed during a shootout between police and criminals. The project was delayed by numerous setbacks, mainly because regular drivers were unable to handle this deadly machine. A precision driver was needed for this car.

Michael Payton (played by James McCaffrey), a top driver for the Outfit, was leading his team from their latest heist when he got caught in an accident and was injured. Captured, Payton's memory was erased and he was reborn as Joe Astor, an officer for Metropol. Astor proves to be the only one capable of handling the Defender.

Since the Viper Project successfully made a dent in the profits made by the Outfit, they kidnap Astor and demand that he steal the Defender. He agrees to do so, but changes his mind. In retaliation, the Outfit murders his girlfriend, Elizabeth Houston. As for the Viper Project itself, the Outfit bribes Councilman Strand (played by Jon Polito), the man who approved the Viper Project and orchestrated the erasure of Payton's memory, to help them discredit the project, leading to its cancellation. However, Astor and Wilkes, with the help of mechanic Franklin Waters (played by Joe Nipote), steal the Viper and gain access to Payton's bank account, using both in a private war against crime. Astor runs the operation for several months before he is sent to Europe to handle deep cover operations for the U.S. government, leading to the end of the Viper Team's war on crime.

Season 2 (1996–1997)
Shortly after Astor's departure, Metro City was hit by a second crime wave, this time in the form of a team of renegade ex-commandos led by Col. Hanson Dekker (played by Tim Thomerson), a former U.S. Army Special Forces officer, who served combat tours in Iraq, Bosnia, and Cuba. Against this backdrop, Thomas Cole (played by Jeff Kaake), a CIA agent with evasive driving experience, was selected to head a new Viper Team. He was delivering the new Viper to Metro City when he was pulled over for speeding by two MetroPol officers, Cameron Westlake (played by Heather Medway) and her partner, an officer named Carpenter (played by Roger R. Cross). During this traffic stop, Dekker and his commandos hit the Metro City Bank.

Upon hearing of the bank heist on their radio, Carpenter and Westlake left Cole behind to join their fellow officers at the bank to confront Dekker and his commandos. Officer Carpenter saved Westlake's life by knocking her to the ground when the International Transtar 4300 tractor Dekker was driving smashed through the Metropol roadblock, only to die when he was shot by Dekker's second-in-command, Lee Cyrus (played by Dean Wray). Because of the bank heist, the Viper Project was reborn, with a Metropol liaison to ride shotgun. For this assignment, Westlake's superior, Capt. Harold Benning (played by Mike Genovese), promoted her to detective and sent her to the meeting place, where she found herself meeting Thomas Cole, the very man Carpenter and she pulled over for speeding. She also met Waters, the original mechanic from the first Viper Project, and Allie Farrow (played by Dawn Stern), Viper's systems specialist.

Despite a systems glitch and the kidnapping of Waters by Dekker and his men, the Viper Team defeated them and rescued Waters. Dekker was killed when his Transtar 4300 was blown up by the team to keep it from crashing into Metro Hospital.

After this victory, the Viper Team carried on its crusade against evil, overcoming such obstacles as interference by Special Agent Sherman Catlett (played by J. Downing), a by-the-book bureaucrat from the FBI, to the team being discredited again, this time by Lee Cyrus, the man who murdered Westlake's partner, Officer Carpenter.

Cyrus' scheme to discredit the team involved a replica of the Viper in the Defender configuration, which his men and he used to commit vicious crimes, including a murder. This led Cole's superior, the Administrator (played by Bruce A. Young), to shut down the team. In defiance of orders to stand down, the team cleared their name and Westlake avenged Carpenter's death.

Season 3 (1997–1998)
After serving as the team's systems specialist for several months, Allie Farrow was reassigned to another post, which left Waters to take care of the Defender's systems and mechanical needs by himself. During this period, the team had to contend with new enemies, including Lena Weisinger (played by Stephanie Niznik), a former Stasi agent turned freelance mercenary, who had a personal vendetta against Westlake for killing her lover, Emil Rurik (played by Mike Dopud), during a shootout.

However, after years of successful operation, the team suffered a tragic loss ... not of one of their people, but the car. A notorious criminal named Giles Seaton (played by Peter Wingfield) concocted a plot to steal the Defender by using a criminal named Terry Hawkes (Jeff Kaake in a dual role), who was turned into a Thomas Cole look-alike with plastic surgery. As Cole, Hawkes successfully penetrated the team's headquarters, and despite being exposed by the real Cole, made off with the Viper. To prevent Hawkes from escaping, the team blew up the Viper, keeping its secrets from falling into enemy hands.

Season 4 (1998–1999)
In the aftermath of the Viper's destruction, Cole was permanently reassigned to undercover work on other fronts. With the team gone, Metro City was again gripped by an enormous crime wave, forcing the feds to restart the Viper Team a third time. This time, the car they used was a 1996 Cobalt Blue Metallic Dodge Viper GTS Coupe, which, due to Wilkes, had the equipment of the original Defender, along with some new equipment, most notably the hovercraft mode. Since Cole had been reassigned, Joe Astor, the original driver, was called back to service. However, Astor was haunted by his old Payton identity once more.

Cast and characters

 * James McCaffrey as Michael Payton / Joe Astor (seasons 1,4)
 * Joe Nipote as Frankie Xavier Waters
 * Dorian Harewood as Julian Wilkes (seasons 1,4)
 * Jeff Kaake as Thomas Cole / as Terry Hawkes (seasons 2–3)
 * Heather Medway as Cameron Westlake (seasons 2-4)
 * J. Downing as Agent Sherman Catlett
 * Dawn Stern as Allie Farrow (season 2)

Home media
The first season of Viper was released by Kinowelt on German-language DVD in Europe in early 2011. The pilot movie and all 12 episodes are included in the Region 2 PAL Release. They subsequently released the remaining syndicated seasons thereafter.

In 2015, Visual Entertainment (VEI) picked up the DVD rights for The Sentinel, which was produced for UPN by the same production team that was responsible for Viper. TVShowsOnDVD announced on November 11, 2015 that VEI listed Viper on their website's coming soon section. The website stated "complete collection" meaning the NBC and syndicated seasons will launch simultaneously. In March 2017, in a response to a Facebook post about the series' DVD release, VEI announced that it is "coming this summer". In early-November 2017, VEI released a teaser of its release on their YouTube channel. On November 20, 2017, 18 years after the show's finale aired, VEI announced that Viper's English-language DVD release was available for pre-order, along with releasing a high-resolution image of the DVD Box set which confirmed that all 4 seasons (including the 2 hour pilot) will be included. Shipping officially started on December 8, 2017

title: Viper (TV series)


text: Category:Romanian manele singers

title: Category:Romanian manele singers


text:
Talk:M320 Grenade Launcher Module

Name change
This article should be migrated to a page called "M320" as it has been officially adopted now.

Then change it. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.81.226.247 (talk) 21:58, 20 February 2008 (UTC)

Compare with AG36
You wrtited that the XM320 isn't identical to the AG36 but what is diffrent?
 * It appears to have a different mounting system (to be expected since the M16/M4 differs in design from the G36) and has (or can be fitted with) its own stock. Redxiv 07:15, 15 May 2007 (UTC)

Service
Has the '320 seen service yet?

Read the article. It'll tell you. Spartan198 (talk) 08:14, 14 October 2008 (UTC) Spartan198

Weight?
This article states that the XM203 is lighter than the current M203 whereas the article for the XM8 rifle states that the XM303 is actually heavier than the M203. Which is it?

I don't think you have the designations correct there. Spartan198 (talk) 14:27, 20 June 2008 (UTC) Spartan198

Dubious statement
The following unsourced statement "The M320 is a combination of the M79 and M203" appears to be misleading and inaccurate. SJSA 09:58, 29 August 2008 (UTC)

 * It is technically true since it's designed from the outset to function both in standalone form like the M79 and in UGL form like the M203 without much modification. Spartan198 (talk) 16:54, 25 February 2009 (UTC) Spartan198
 * Ah but the M203 is also capable of being used in standalone form 'like the M79' by attaching it to a stock. http://www.knightarmco.com/m203_12ga.html SJSA 18:37, 25 February 2009 (UTC)
 * However, the standalone assemblies for the M203 are not standardized or issued by the US military, except for some small individual unit purchases. --D.E. Watters (talk) 19:29, 25 February 2009 (UTC)
 * That might be something that you should add into the article but the lone statement: "The M320 is a combination of the M79 and M203" should remain excluded. SJSA 20:10, 25 February 2009 (UTC)

Issues
The photos are of an earlier XM320 configuration and the HK AG-C, respectively. The current configuration is noticeably different; some of the changes include a shorter barrel and folding forward handgrip. This may also explain the discrepancies in quoted weight.

There remains some confusion over the designation. According to a TACOM-Rock Island solicitation for spare parts dated November 7, 2008, the M320 and M320A1 were type classified standard on November 6, 2008. However, a Picatinny Arsenal contract document for the GLM dated November 12, 2008 still refers to it as the XM320 and XM320E1. The new E1/A1 designation refers to the GLM equipped with M4 carbine mounting brackets. GLM with M16 rifle mounting brackets will remain the XM320/M320. --D.E. Watters (talk) 18:39, 14 November 2008 (UTC)

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Category:Balearica

Balearica is a small genus of cranes.

title: Category:Balearica


text:
Ithamara Koorax

Ithamara Koorax (born April 28, 1965) is a Brazilian jazz and pop singer. For several years, she was voted one of the best jazz singers of the world by DownBeat Readers Polls. In 2008 and 2009, Koorax placed third on the "Female Vocalist" category on the 73rd DownBeat Readers Polls, with Diana Krall on the first place and Cassandra Wilson on second, (DownBeat's December 2008 issue, page 44), as well as on the 74th Annual Readers Poll (December 2009 issue, page 42).

Back in 2002, Koorax had already placed fourth in the 67th Annual DownBeat Readers Poll (December 2002 issue, page 56).

Koorax once again appeared many times as one of the top singers from the 65th DownBeat Readers Poll (December 2000, page 54), to the 77th Annual Readers Poll (category Female Vocalist, page 60), receiving similar acclaim in magazines from the UK (Jazz Journal), France (Jazz Hot), Japan (Swing Journal), Korea (Jazz People) and Switzerland (Jazz 'n' More), among others. In the January 2012 issue of DownBeat magazine (page 48, list of "Best CDs of 2011", her album "O Grande Amor", recorded in Europe with the Peter Scharli Trio, was voted one of the best releases of 2011, receiving a four and one half raving review. In the January 2008 issue of DownBeat (page 54, list "Best CDs of 2007"), her "Brazilian Butterfly" album was voted one of best releases of 2007, receiving a 4-star review.

Early life
She was born to a family of Polish Jews who fled Europe during World War II. In her youth Koorax studied piano, opera, and classical music while listening to her parents' collection of Tony Bennett, Frank Sinatra, Ella Fitzgerald, Dave Brubeck, George Shearing, and Teddy Wilson. For influences she has cited Elizete Cardoso, Elis Regina, Betty Carter, Carmen McRae, and Flora Purim, particularly Purim's album Stories to Tell, which inspired her choice of careers.

When she was eighteen years old, she worked as a backup singer for commercials and for pop stars in Brazil. Among those artists were Tim Maia and Vicente Viola.

Career
She has recorded solo albums for the IRMA, Milestone, Mercury, EMI, JVC, King, Huks and Motéma labels, besides fourteen soundtracks for movies and TV series, and also took part in more than 200 special projects and compilations.

Koorax has worked with Antonio Carlos Jobim, Luiz Bonfa, Ron Carter, Larry Coryell, Elizeth Cardoso, Gonzalo Rubalcaba, John McLaughlin, Sadao Watanabe, Hermeto Pascoal, Marcos Valle, Peter Scharli, Jay Berliner, Edu Lobo, Martinho da Vila, Jürgen Friedrich, Claus Ogerman, Dave Brubeck, João Donato, Dom Um Romão, Thiago de Mello, Mario Castro-Neves, Raul de Souza, Chris Conway, Eumir Deodato, Lou Volpe, Laudir de Oliveira, Rodgers Grant, Gil Goldstein, Art Farmer, Eddie Gomez, the groups Azymuth, Gazzara and Os Cariocas, the big bands Amazon and Rio Jazz Orchestra, and the Symphony Orchestras "Petrobras" and "Jazz Sinfonica".

From 1990 to 2003, Koorax record over 10 songs for the soundtracks of Brazilian TV soap operas such as Riacho Doce (1990), Araponga (1991), Pedra Sobre Pedra (1992), Renascer (1993), Fera Ferida (1994), Cara & Cora (1995), Estrela Guia (2001, singing the main theme, "Cristal", which became a radio hit in Brazil) and Celebridade (2003, for which she recorded a previously unreleased song written by Antonio Carlos Jobim, "Absolut Lee"), and O Rico e O Lázaro (2019), among others.

Koorax also recorded the soundtracks for four films directed by movie director Silvio Tendler: Glauber, O Filme - Labirinto do Brasil (2003), JK - O Menino Que Sonhou Um País (2002), Tzedaká - 80 Anos do Froein Farain (2003), Marighella - Retrato Falado do Guerilheiro (2001). Koorax also sings on the soundtracks of Mãos de Afeto (1990, directed by Gilberto Gouma), Policarpo Quaresma - Herói do Brasil (1997, directed by Paulo Thiago), and Apenas Meninas (2021), directed by Bianca Lenti for HBO.

Koorax's debut solo album, "Luiza - Live In Rio" was recorded in 1993, followed by "Rio Vermelho" (1995), which features Antonio Carlos Jobim, Luiz Bonfa, Marcos Valle, Ron Carter, Sadao Watanabe. Her third album was a collaboration project with Luiz Bonfa, "Almost In Love - Ithamara Koorax Sings The Luiz Bonfá Songbook" (1996), featuring Bonfa himself on guitar plus special guests Eumir Deodato, Larry Coryell, Sadao Watanabe, Torcuato Mariano.

"Wave 2001" (1997) was recorded in Tokyo, with Japanese musicians such as Tomonao Hara and Eijiro Nakagawa, during an Asian tour the previous year. It was followed by "Bossa Nova Meets Drum 'N' Bass" (1998), recorded in New York.

Koorax signed a deal with Milestone Records in 2000 and released two albums produced by Arnaldo DeSouteiro for the San Francisco-based label: "Serenade In Blue" (2001, featuring Gonzalo Rubalcaba, Azymuth, Eumir Deodato, Jay Berliner, Marcos Valle) and "Love Dance" (2003, with John McLaughlin, Dom Um Romão, João Palma, Marcos Valle, Jurgen Friedrich, Azymuth).

In 2009, "Bim Bom - The Complete Joao Gilberto Songbook," a duo session with guitarist Juarez Moreira, received rave reviews in the New York Times, Cashbox, Billboard, Jazz Hot, Jazz 'n' More, All Music Guide, and many other magazines, websites and newspapers.

Another CD, "O Grande Amor," recorded during a European tour with the Peter Schärli Trio in 2010, was also released with critical acclaim, receiving a 4 and 1/2 star review in the May 2011 issue of DownBeat magazine and 5-star ratings in several other magazines like Jazz 'n' More. Later on, O Grande Amor was elected one of the "Best CDs of 2011" in the January 2012 issue of DownBeat.

Ithamara Koorax has performed in the USA, Japan, Korea and many European countries (England, France, Germany, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Finland, Bulgaria, Serbia, Portugal etc.), appearing at jazz festivals in London, Seoul, Belgrade, Funchal, Helsinki, Indijja and many other cities. Koorax has also performed classical and fusion concerts backed by Symphony Orchestras.

Her recordings have been remixed by DJs from all over the world. Among them: Tom Novy, Parov Stelar, Cargo, Tetsu Shibuya/Brisa. During 2010, Ithamara performed 47 concerts in Brazil and 51 abroad, having toured Europe and Asia.

Koorax's jazz-pop album "Got to Be Real," produced and arranged by Arnaldo DeSouteiro, was released worldwide in March 2012 by IRMA Records, with critical acclaim and immediate sales.

A bossa nova album, "The Girl from Ipanema - Ithamara Koorax Sings Getz/Gilberto," on which she revisited the material from the legendary album "Getz/Gilberto" (1964) recorded by Stan Getz and João Gilberto, and the dance-oriented electronic project "Ecstasy," were also released in 2013.

Koorax has performed in the U.S., Japan, Korea and many European countries (England, France, Germany, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Finland, Bulgaria, Serbia, Portugal), appearing at jazz festivals in London, Seoul, Belgrade, Funchal, Helsinki, and Indijja. She has performed classical and fusion concerts with symphony orchestras, appearing at the Theatro Minicipal do Rio de Janeiro (RJ) with the Petrobras Symphony and at the Ibirapuera Auditorium (São Paulo) with the Orquestra Jazz Sinfônica.

In 2010, she performed 47 concerts in Brazil and 51 abroad, having toured Europe and Asia. On tour in August 2010, she recorded Arirang with Korean pop stars, Brazilian musicians Rodrigo Lima, Arnaldo DeSouteiro and Wilson Chaplin, and American jazzmen Lee Ritenour and  Alan Broadbent.

Koorax's crossover classics project Opus Classico (2013) contained works by Rachmaninoff, Chopin, Wagner, Debussy, Fauré, Ravel and Brazilian composers Heitor Villa-Lobos, Delza Agricola, Chiquinha Gonzaga and Machado de Assis. Her album All Around the World (2014) was recorded live in Rio, London, Paris, Sofia, Munich, Tokyo, and Seoul, with songs by Antônio Carlos Jobim, Jorge Ben, Marvin Gaye, Herbie Hancock, and Jimi Hendrix.

Personal life
In April 1990, Ithamara Koorax married fellow musician and producer Arnaldo DeSouteiro.

Discography

 * Luiza (Victor, 1993)
 * Rio Vermelho (Imagem, 1995)
 * Red River (Paddle Wheel, 1995)
 * Ithamara Koorax Sings the Luiz Bonfa Songbook with Luiz Bonfa (Paddle Wheel, 1996)
 * Wave 2001 (Paddle Wheel, 1997)
 * Almost in Love (Imagem, 1997)
 * Bossa Nova Meets Drum and Bass (Paddle Wheel, 1998)
 * Serenade in Blue (Milestone, 2000)
 * Cry Me a River (Huks, 2001)
 * Someday (Huks, 2002)
 * Amor Sem Adeus: The Luiz Bonfa Songbook (Huks, 2002)
 * Love Dance: The Ballad Album (Milestone, 2003)
 * Autumn in New York with Jurgen Friedrich (JSR/EMI 2004)
 * Brazilian Butterfly (Irma, 2006)
 * Tributo a Stellinha Egg (CEDEM, 2007)
 * Obrigado Dom Um Romão" with the Peter Scharli Trio (TCB, 2008)
 * Bim Bom: The Complete Joao Gilberto Songbook with Juarez Moreira (Motema, 2009)
 * O Grande Amor with Peter Scharli (TCB, 2010)
 * Got to Be Real (Irma, 2012)
 * Opus Classico (Arte Nova, 2013)
 * Ecstasy (Jazz Vision, 2013)
 * Ithamara Koorax Sings Getz/Gilberto (Jazz Vision, 2013)
 * All Around the World (Jazz Vision, 2014)
 * Sings the Jazz Masters (Jazz Vision, 2017)
 * 60 Years of Bossa Nova (Jazz Vision, 2018)

As guest

 * Antenor Bogea, Renaitre (EMSE, 2013)
 * Brazil All-Stars, Rio Strut (Milestone, 2002)
 * Carlos Pingarilho, Histórias e Sonhos (JSR, 2003)
 * Cesar Machado, Made for US (Acoustic Music, 2014)
 * Chris Conway, Chocolate Bossa (Oblong Music, 2007)
 * Chris Conway, Through Mirrors We Met (Aloft, 2014)
 * David Calderoni, Dear Mom Beija-Flor (Tratore, 2022)
 * Dom Um Romão, Rhythm Traveller (JSR/Mr. Bongo, 1998)
 * Dom Um Romão, Lake of Perseverance (JSR/IRMA, 2001)
 * Dom Um Romão, Nu Jazz Meets Brazil (JSR/IRMA, 2003)
 * Eduardo Camenietzki, Glauber Rocha - Original Soundtrack (EC, 2021)
 * Elizeth Cardoso, Ary Amoroso (Sony, 1990)
 * Gazzara, Brother And Sister (Halidon, 2006)
 * Jorge Pescara, Grooves in the Temple (JSR/Tratore, 2005)
 * Jorge Pescara, Grooves in the Eden (JSR/Tratore, 2018)
 * JSR All-Stars, Friends from Brazil 2001 (IRMA, 2001)
 * Lou Volpe, Undercovers (Jazz Guitar Records, 2006)
 * Marcelo Salazar, Tropical Lounge Project (JSR, 2005)
 * Marcos Valle, Songbook Marcos Valle, Vol. 1 (Lumiar, 1998)
 * Mario Castro-Neves, On a Clear Bossa Day (JSR/Rambling, 2004)
 * Mario Conde, Guitarra Brasil Universo (Gramofone, 2011)
 * Orquestra Petrobrás, Pró-Música (OPPM, 1998)
 * Paula Faour, Cool Bossa Struttin (JSR/Paddle Wheel, 2001)
 * Rodrigo Lima, Saga (JSR, 2014)
 * Rodrigo Lima, "Apenas Meninas - Original Soundtrack'' (HBO, 2021)
 * Rodrigo Lima with Ithamara Koorax, Espelho Solar (JSR, 2022)
 * Rodrigo Lima with Ithamara Koorax, Espelho Solar - Radio Edit Single (JSR, 2023)
 * Thiago de Mello, Amor Mai-Que-Perfeito (Ethos Brasil, 2006)
 * Thiago de Mello and Dexter Payne, Another Feeling (Dexofon, 2007)

title: Ithamara Koorax


text:
Sanda

Places

 * Sanda, Lahore, a village in Punjab, Pakistan
 * Sanda, Gotland, a village in the island of Gotland; see Mästerby
 * Sanda, Hyōgo, Japan
 * Sanda University, Shanghai, China
 * Various islands in Scotland:
 * Sanda Island (Sandaigh), off Kintyre
 * Handa Island (Eilean Shannda), off Sutherland
 * Sanday, Inner Hebrides (Sandaigh), in the Small Isles
 * Sanday, Orkney
 * Sandray (Sanndraigh), in the Outer Hebrides

Surname

 * Anthony Ichiro Sanda, Japanese-American particle physicist
 * Bah Oumarou Sanda, Cameroonian diplomat
 * Dominique Sanda, French actress
 * Joseph Sanda, Cameroonian cyclist
 * Makoto Sanda, Japanese author of Rental Magica
 * Michal Šanda, Czech writer

Given name

 * Sanda Ladoși, Romanian singer
 * Sanda Mamić, Croatian tennis player
 * Sanda Min Hla, 14th-century Burmese queen
 * Sanda Oumarou, Cameroonian footballer
 * Sanda Bouba Oumarou, Central African Republic basketball player
 * Sanda Stolojan, Romanian poet, translator, and writer
 * Sanda Toma (canoeist), Romanian Olympic sprint canoeist
 * Sanda Toma (rower), Romanian Olympic rower
 * Umaru Sanda Ndayako, traditional ruler, Nigeria

Other

 * USS Sanda (1917), a United States Navy patrol boat in commission from 1917 to 1920
 * Sanda (sport), a Chinese full-contact combat sport
 * Sandas, a Hittite lion god
 * Sanda, the Brown Gargantua, featured in War of the Gargantuas (1966)
 * Sanda (manga), a 2021 manga series written and illustrated by Paru Itagaki
 * Indian spiny-tailed lizard or sanda in Indic languages, a species of lizard renowned as a source of aphrodisiac

title: Sanda


text: Category:X-Ray Spex albums

title: Category:X-Ray Spex albums


text:
Nizlopi

Nizlopi were an English folk and alternative duo formed in Leamington Spa, Warwickshire, by Luke Concannon on vocals, guitar, and bodhrán, and John Parker on double bass, human beatbox, and backing vocals.

Formation
The duo grew up in Leamington Spa, Warwickshire, England and attended Trinity Catholic School together. They formed a band and would make up the reason for the name including naming it after a Hungarian girl on whom Concannon had a crush at school. They started out performing throughout England, building a small but loyal fan base. Future musical artist and performer Ed Sheeran was their guitar technician at many of their early shows and has stated they were a major influence on his musical style, favouring an acoustic guitar to more lush efforts.

Half These Songs Are About You (2003–2006)
In early 2004, they released their first album Half These Songs Are About You with FDM Records. In 2007, they received an Impala Platinum award recognizing sales of the album in Europe. It was produced by Gavin Monaghan, also known for his work with Scott Matthews and Robert Plant. Their first release, "JCB", is their most successful song. The song is about Luke's dyslexia at school, from which he sought escape by accompanying his father to work. Released as a single in June 2005, it reached number 160 in the UK Singles Chart. The single was re-released in the UK in December that year. It reached number one on 18 December 2005, selling more than double the copies of their closest competitor, Westlife. It eventually won the duo an Impala Platinum award recognizing sales of over 500,000 copies of the song across Europe in 2007. Dermot O'Leary gave the track extensive airplay on his BBC Radio 2 show. Some bookmakers put it in the running for Christmas number one but the winner of The X Factor, Shayne Ward's début single, "That's My Goal" won that honour. The music video received widespread airplay, mainly on the VH1 music television channel. The video was an animation, made by Laith Bahrani (aka Monkeehub) who also animated an unofficial video for an acoustic version of "Creep" by Radiohead.

Their follow-up single, "Girls," was released on 3 April 2006. The band have described the song's music video on radio interviews as "Tim Burton-esque." Karni & Saul of Flynn Productions directed the video, which was the first video in which the band appeared. Like "JCB", it was first released on the Internet. Limited radio play meant the song did not chart in the UK top 40.

The ExtraOrdinary EP (2006)
An EP containing six songs and titled ExtraOrdinary, was released on 4 September 2006. The six tracks included two that had been released before — "Helen" and "Yesterday" - which were previously released on the "JCB" and "Girls" EPs respectively. The record is an attempt to strip down the orchestral production of their early work to represent the duo's vibrant live sound.

The EP contained the track "Homage To Young Men," a spoken-word piece written and performed by Alastair McIntosh. McIntosh was inspired to write this piece after working with Concannon and performed live twice with the band. The band have likened Alastair's performances to "..the howlings of a wild animal". McIntosh is well known for his contributions to the Scottish version of 'Thought for the Day' and has been dubbed "The Rapping Reverend".

Make It Happen (2007–2010)
The second album, titled "Make It Happen," was released on 31 March 2008. The album was recorded with producer Phil Brown who had formerly produced artists such as Bob Marley. The album was recorded on 2-inch tape, a traditional style of recording said to create a more 'raw' sound that is popular with musicians preceding the era of digital recording technology. The album included guest appearances by Martyn Barker (percussion/drums), Andy Simms (piano), Jonnie Fielding (violin), Jack Hobbs (vocal/scratching), Rory Simmons (trumpet), Kadially Kouyaté (kora & Senegalese vocals), Rory McLeod (harmonica), The Individuals Dedicated to the Ministry of Christ choir and a contribution by the poet Benjamin Zephaniah.

Nizlopi performed at the Glastonbury Festival in 2005, 2007 and 2008.

The release was preceded on 17 March 2008 by a digital single, "Start Beginning". In November of that year they completed a tour entitled "Last Nights on Tour." Afterwards they announced using both their official website and on social media website Myspace that they would be taking the year 2009 off and would meet while travelling in Cuba to discuss the band's future.

Sporadic appearances (2010–2020)
Despite splitting twice during a 10-year spell, the band have always come back together for one-off gigs and festival appearances.

The band members confirmed that they split on 10 February 2010, when an e-mail was sent out to all mailing list subscribers confirming that the band had split up after being together for 7 years, with Concannon stating:
 * "And that after many wild meanderings and much confusion I feel I must go on, on my own from here. That my dream is now to do another project, not Nizlopi, and to build a new life. So, this is good bye from Nizlopi. We are no more! Wow, there you go I said it. Scary as it is." –Luke Concannon

Concannon announced that he was working on a solo album and had planned to set up his own website by 2011 via the band's mailing list and previewed new material on Touch FM's 'First Break Show'. He had also been taking part in song-writing workshops.

The split ended with an announcement on their website in late 2011 "Luke and John got back together" to headline a one-off charity concert at the Union Chapel in London on 22 November 2011. They have since been playing live shows sporadically.

Despite the numerous splits, Nizlopi have continued to perform sporadically at numerous gigs across the UK. They duo have also performed many charity events, music venues, festivals and intimate pub gigs, to much critical acclaim and support from audiences.

The band regularly post updates about their work and reunions gigs via their website and Facebook page.

They released a live album in 2014 titled "Nizlopi: Live in London" via iTunes.

The band toured in May 2015 with the Get Radical tour for 10 dates across the UK.

They also performed at Glastonbury Festival and the Secret Garden Party festivals in 2015.

The duo hosted a songwriting residential in June 2019 in Birmingham, UK.

In March 2020, the band announced they have split, but did announce they will release a "Best Of" album at the end of the year.

Parker is now working as a freelance session double-bassist. Concannon is travelling and writing. Concannon currently resides in Boston, Massachusetts.

Live shows
On 14 October 2008, Nizlopi played an intimate version of "Answers" on a balcony overlooking Camden Lock for the music viral show BalconyTV.

The band played at Solfest in 2008.

The duo also appeared at 'Lainfest' in August 2013 and 'Barn on the Farm' in July 2013.

title: Nizlopi


text:
Pyewacket (familiar spirit)

Pyewacket was one of the supposed familiar spirits of an alleged witch accused by the claimed Witchfinder General Matthew Hopkins in March 1644 in the town of Manningtree, Essex, England. Hopkins claimed he spied on the witches as they held their meeting close by his house, and heard them mention the name of a local woman. She was arrested and deprived of sleep for four nights, at the end of which she confessed and called out the names of her familiars, describing the forms in which they should appear. They were:

 * Holt, "who came in like a white kittling"
 * Jarmara, "who came in like a fat Spaniel without any legs at all"
 * Vinegar Tom, "who was like a long-legg'd greyhound, with a head like an Oxe"
 * Sacke and Sugar, "like a black Rabbet"
 * Newes, "like a Polecat"
 * Elemanzer, Pyewacket, Peck in the Crown, Grizzel Greedigut, described as imps

"Immediately after this Witch confessed severall other Witches, from whom she had her Imps, and named to divers women where their marks were, the number of their Marks, and Imps, and Imps names, as Elemanzer, Pyewacket, Peckin the Crown, Grizzel, Greedigut, &c. which no mortall could invent;"

In film and fiction
In the Hollywood film Bell, Book and Candle (1958) Pyewacket is the name of the brown sealpoint Siamese cat/familiar of Gillian Holroyd, a witch played by Kim Novak. The film was adapted from a 1958 Broadway play that continues to be produced in community theatres.

In the 1967 children's novel Pyewacket the title character and protagonist is an alley cat.

Fantasy author Dianne Sylvan’s “Shadow World” series features a Wiccan character, Stella, whose cat is named Pyewacket after the film.

Pyewacket is a 2017 horror film.

Pyewackett (with two t's) is the name of a folk band who released several albums in the 1980s.

title: Pyewacket (familiar spirit)


text:
File:Absolution Gap cover (Amazon).jpg

Cover shot of Alastair Reynolds' Absolution Gap, from Amazon.com (see Images from Amazon.com)

title: File:Absolution Gap cover (Amazon).jpg


text:
Ostariophysi

Ostariophysi is the second-largest superorder of fish. Members of this superorder are called ostariophysians. This diverse group contains 10,758 species, about 28% of known fish species in the world and 68% of freshwater species, and are present on all continents except Antarctica. They have a number of common characteristics such as an alarm substance and a Weberian apparatus. Members of this group include fish important to people for food, sport, the aquarium industry, and research.

Taxonomy
The superorder is divided into two series, Anotophysi and Otophysi. However, in older literature, Ostariophysi was restricted only to the fish that are currently classified under Otophysi. Otophysi was coined in 1970 by Rosen and Greenwood to separate the traditional Ostariophysians from the added Gonorynchiformes.

The superorder is classified below:
 * Series Anotophysi
 * Gonorynchiformes, about 37 species
 * Series Otophysi (Euostariophysi)
 * Cypriniformes (minnows and allies), about 4,501 species (contains Cyprinidae, largest family of freshwater fishes)
 * Characiformes (characins and allies), about 2,168 species
 * Siluriformes (catfishes), about 3,813 species
 * Gymnotiformes (electric eels, American knifefishes), about 239 species (sometimes grouped under Siluriformes)

The monophyly of Ostariophysi has come into question with molecular evidence. Gonorynchiformes is more closely related to Clupeiformes than Otophysi. It is possible that the Gonorynchiformes and Clupeiformes form a monophyletic group. There is evidence for a sister group relationship between Ostariophysi and Clupeomorpha (the taxon Ostarioclupeomorpha, also known as Otocephala, was coined to describe this possibly monophyletic group).

Evolution
Ostariophysian fossils, both anotophysan and otophysian, are known from the early Cretaceous. Ostariophysian fossils are known from every continent except Australia.

Ostariophysians are currently distributed worldwide on all continents except Antarctica. The common ancestor of this group entered fresh water about coincident with the global decrease in oxygen levels in marine waters. The Otophysi originated in freshwaters during the Jurassic (c. 200-145 Ma) before the breakup of the super continent Pangea. The division of the Otophysi into the four extant clades closely follows the breakup of Pangea. The separation of Laurasia in the north from Gondwana in the south isolated the lineages which gave rise to the modern Cyprinoformes and Characiphysi. The Characiphysi then was itself divided into the diurnal (day-active) Characiformes and the nocturnal (night-active) Siluriphysi, including Siluriformes and Gymnotiformes. Modern Characiformes are present in both South America and Africa, and have relatively recently extended their range to North America. The Siluriphysi are characterized by many derived traits, including notably, electroreception. The Siluriphysi originated before the breakup of Gondwana into South America and Africa in the Aptian (c. 110 Ma) but the presence of several basal Siluriphysan taxa in modern South America (Gymnotiformes, Diplomystidae, Loricaridea) suggest that the Siluriphysi may have originated on the western portion of Gondwana. Alternatively, these basal taxa have subsequently become extinct in Africa. The modern distribution of Siluriformes is cosmopolitan due to subsequent dispersal.

Diversity
Ostariophysi is the second largest superorder of teleosts. It includes five major lineages and is a very diverse group. As of 2006 (Nelson), the five orders contain 1,075 genera in 64 families and about 7,931 species, which is about 28% of all known fish species. The four largest families in this group (Cyprinidae, Characidae, Loricariidae, and Balitoridae) include 4,656 species, over half (59%) of ostariophysian species. The carp and minnow family Cyprinidae itself is the largest freshwater fish family and the largest family of vertebrates after the true gobies of Gobiidae. Ostariophysians account for about 68% of all freshwater species; in fact, there are only about 123 marine species (Chanidae, Gonorynchidae, most Ariidae, about half of Plotosidae). They are present on all continents and major land masses except Antarctica, Greenland, and New Zealand.

This group includes a wide variety of different fishes in a plethora of niches. It contains one of the largest freshwater fish ever caught, the Mekong giant catfish, which can weigh up to about 300 kg. It also contains a number of species considered to be some of the smallest vertebrates extant; Danionella translucida at 12 mm in length, and Paedocypris progenetica at 10.3 mm. Some of these fish are able to breathe atmospheric oxygen when in hypoxic waters (Clariidae), which may allow them to live outside of the water column entirely (Phreatobius cisternarum and Tarumania walkerae). The families Malapteruridae and Gymnotidae have the ability to produce strong electric charges; they are considered among the prototypical electric fishes.

Physical characteristics
Most species possess a swim bladder (except in Gonorynchus). The swim bladder is usually divided into two chambers. A smaller anterior chamber is partially or completely covered by a silvery peritoneal tunic. A larger posterior chamber may be reduced or absent in some groups. Minute, unicellular, horny projections known as "unculi" are commonly present on various body parts and are only known from ostariophysians.

Many ostariophysians have the characteristic of an alarm substance that is part of a fright reaction. This is a pheromone produced in epidermal club cells, and is similar or identical in all ostariophysians. When the fish is injured, this pheromone is released; other fish of the same species or similar species can smell this pheromone, causing a fright reaction. However, some fish possess the alarm substance without the fright reaction or lack both the alarm substance and the fright reaction to the alarm substance.

Weberian apparatus
In otophysians, one of the main characteristics is the Weberian apparatus. Apart from this structure, there is no other trait that could explain the success of otophysians. It is made up of a set of bones known as Weberian ossicles, a chain of small bones that connect the auditory system to the gas bladder of fishes. The ossicles connect the gas bladder wall with Y-shaped lymph sinus that abuts the lymph-filled transverse canal joining the sacculi of the right and left ears. This allows the transmission of vibrations to the inner ear.

In anotophysians, the three first vertebrae are specialized and associated with one or more cephalic ribs (a primitive Weberian apparatus). In the otophysians, a distinct modification of the anterior four or five first vertebrae is found, as well as the Weberian ossicles.

The fully functioning Weberian apparatus consists of the swim bladder, the Weberian ossicles, a portion of the anterior vertebral column, and some muscles and ligaments. It is named after the German anatomist and physiologist Ernst Heinrich Weber who first described the Weberian ossicles.

title: Ostariophysi