text:
Talk:Rakia

Medovina
How is medovina different from mead? Is there also a variety of rakia made from cherries called černovica? I think this article should be broadened to include all Slavic peoples instead of just those from the former Yugoslav countries. The Czechs and Slovaks also enjoy these drinks. — Chris Capoccia T⁄C 13:47, August 22, 2005 (UTC)

 * About the third point - what do the Czechs and Slovaks call it? We already made a compromise with using the title "Rakia", I fear that if we add a third and a fourth trivially different variant, it will become increasingly unfair to stick to one name in the title... --Joy [shallot]   14:29, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

It's a bad compromise. Czechs call it rakije, rakija. Poles call it rakija, Slovaks have a "Balkan beat" group called "Brigada Rakija". In a host of languages the word is spelled or transliterated as rakija: Bosnian rakija; Croatian: rakija; Serbian: rakija; Macedonian (transliterated) rakija; Polish: rakija; German: Der Rakija; French: Rakija (Wikipedia subheading rakija ou rakia). Also, Bulgarian Раки́я and Russian Ракия can be transliterated as rakija. There are more "Google books" hits for the word "rakija". A 1920s book reports that "the Pope had a weakness for rakija". The heading should read "rakija".

 * Fiery drinks for cold nights (Spectacular Slovakia travel guide) Alcohol: Slovak national tradition claims ever new victims (The Slovak Spectator) When I visited Slovakia, slivovica and borovička were the most popular of the home-grown spirits. I am an American who only knows a little about Slovakia, so don’t rely too much on what I have to say. Juro seems to be a pretty knowledgeable Slovak wikipedia user. He could probably supply you with a lot of first-hand information. I think I discovered the answer to two of the above questions. From the Spectacular Slovakia article, medovina is mead.  From the Slovak Spectator article, the correct Slovak name for the cherry brandy is čerešňovica.   — Chris Capoccia  T⁄C 14:54, August 22, 2005 (UTC)

As written in the article, medovina/medica/medovača is rakia with added honey, mead is however made solely of honey.

Rose Rakia
What about Rose Rakia? I sampled some in Kalofer, Bulgaria; I don't know exactly how much rose oil is in it, but you can certainly smell it—it's a like drinking perfume (not that I've ever done that.) --Froese 12:54, 22 December 2005 (UTC)

 * I have tasted it in Croatia too ( near Sinj ), the stuff is really made out of rose, it is not to be confused with "travarica"-like drinks that are actually plain rakija with addition of rose flower. --Rdavl 23:24, 16 June 2006 (UTC)

Kom
I believe that lees is the correct English word that should be used in place of "kom" in the article. — Chris Capoccia T⁄C 15:04, 26 September 2005 (UTC)

I think it's pomace, i.e. including the skins, seeds, etc. of the grapes. Preslav 18:30, 13 July 2006 (UTC)

pelinkovac
Is pelinkovac considered to be rakija? --Dijxtra 12:26, 14 January 2006 (UTC)
 * No -- it's a liqueur, and it has lower percent of alcohol, which is not made on the fruit basis. One can add pelin into rakija, but it's something different, and would be called a travarica (IIRC, pelin is one of added herbs into rather famous "Stomaklija"). Duja 20:12, 15 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Pelinkovac is absynth AFAIK --Arny 22:25, 12 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Nonono, pelinkovac and absynth have nothing in common :-) --Dijxtra 09:09, 13 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Was the smiley "intended" or... ? Well, pelinkovac   is a form of absinth (absinthe)... my Lord, there are even two articles. It's a mild one (28% alc. vol. in Arteska one, 31% in Badel's one), though, and probably with low level of that thujone thingo. Now, since Absinth(e) has a bad name in the West, rarely one producer will market it as one, (cf. Jaegermeister, Unicum) but that's a wormwood-based liqueur in essence. Duja 10:33, 13 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Hmmmmmmmm... this is first time I hear that pelinkovac is a form of absinth... and I got drunk of both not once :-)) I mean, I thought pelinkovac has much less alcohol, and does not have the hallucinogen properties. Pelinkovac is brown/red, absinth is.. dunno, greenish or something, if I recall it correctly, it's been some time. But, then again, I am not an expert and I haven't read the sources, and therefore I better shut up :-) Please ignore my previous statemens on that issue. --Dijxtra 17:26, 13 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Heheh, I believe smiley was addressed to my misspelling of absinth as absynth. Even if it wasn't I've deserved one ;) --Arny 14:07, 15 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Noup, the smiley was not addressed at all, it just popped up for no good reason ;-) --Dijxtra 20:42, 15 February 2006 (UTC)
 * "I thought pelinkovac has much less alcohol,"
 * Obviously >:)  Duja 09:53, 14 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Now seriously, both are based on wormwood (pelin). The thujone thingo from wormwood is allegedly hallucinogenic, and allowed thujone contents in absinthe-(like) liqueurs are severely limited in Western markets. Now, I prefer plain old rakija, so I can't comment on the effects :-). Duja 09:53, 14 February 2006 (UTC)
 * I have never heard that Pelinkovac had any hallucinogenic effect on anyone that had got drunk from it including myself ( At least not from pelinkovac that is made in Zadar ). --Rdavl 23:31, 16 June 2006 (UTC)

Merge with Ţuică
I think that two articles should be merged. This is the same drink, and 95% of information for Ţuică is also true for rakia and vice versa. Ţuică article has more information on production and consumption, while rakia article has more information on fruits used and ritual use, but that's it; I think that they would make a good article together.

I don't have a strong suggestion under which name they should be merged. I think rakia is better, as the spelling is more "neutral" (rachiu is also a Romanian word). Duja 08:18, 31 January 2006 (UTC)

Sugar?
Do the flavored or unflavored versions of this liquor contain sugar? Badagnani 06:32, 2 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Normally, sugar is never added to rakia. The only exception is "heated" rakia, drank only in winter times, which has honey or sugar added. As for production, sugar may be added to the fermented fruit mush (what's the English word btw?) to enhance strength; however, it is considered a malpractice and rakia produced in such way is of bad quality. The exception can be in types made of fruits with low fructose contents, such as quinces (although I think even that is preferrably made by mixing with apples rather than adding sugar; don't hold my word for it). Duja 14:56, 2 May 2006 (UTC)

 * The word you're looking for is "mash". (And you meant to type "drunk only in winter times", which applies, I suppose, to some people as well). "Malpractice" is used to describe doctors who misdiagnose or mistreat their patients; "bad practice" would do here. And we'd say "don't take my word for it". ==ILike2BeAnonymous 17:55, 2 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Wow, thanks; although I'm not sure that "malpractice" was a totally wrong word :-)—everybody who make rakia out of sugar would swear to God and his children that it's pure, and that practice might have health effects as well. Duja 18:25, 2 May 2006 (UTC)

Albanian raki
I am searching about the source of the best raki in Albania and anybody who has more information is welcomed to edit it in this article. Whoever wrote the article claims that the best raki comes from the Durrës region. Born and raised in Albania it is the first time I have ever heard this. As far as I know some of the best raki comes either from the Skrapari and Përmeti regions or specific villages around Tirana - Farka being one of them.

Is "Albanian raki" Raki (alcoholic beverage) or Rakia? If it really is rakia (and citation should be provided), then the spelling should be consistent with the rest of the article and not regionalized. If it is a regional variant of raki, it should go in that article. I think it should go in Raki (alcoholic beverage). Rakia did not come from the Ottoman Empire. — Chris Capoccia T⁄C 14:16, 9 January 2008 (UTC)

The Albanian variant, as we make it where I come from Shkoder, is Rakia, namely a form of brandy of 40-50% alcolhol, not sweetened. So it should go in the Rakia article. It is not to my knowledge that any Albanians make the Turkish variant. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 198.84.200.162 (talk) 23:22, 13 March 2020 (UTC)

 * It is quite common to (also) give local names for local variants of a food or beverage. I don't think the origin of rakia is well-established, and I wonder how you can state with such certainty that it did not come from the Ottoman Empire (which means it must have come to Albania either before 1478 or after 1912). --Lambiam 00:11, 10 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Rakia was around well before 1478. Rakia was developed along with many other sorts of European distilled drinks in the mid-12th century. (Medieval European Distilled Beverages).  — Chris Capoccia  T⁄C 09:51, 10 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Wikipedia is not to be considered a reliable source. The Distilled beverage article cites no source for the rakia claim. --Lambiam 12:26, 10 January 2008 (UTC)

Biska
In Istra and Primorje (Croatia) also popular drink is biska, made with addition of mistletoe (imela, biska), but I don't know if this would go here because it's more like pelinkovac - bitter liqueur.Martin 07:12, 10 May 2007 (UTC)

raki / rakia
How is rakia similar to raki/ouzo? Taste is totally different, way of drinking, way of producing... I think they should be removed from the list of 'similar drinks', the only way in which they remotely resemble eachother is the name... --83.128.23.133 15:38, 2 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Yes, I agree. The section on Turkish rakı should be removed from this page.  Rakı is similar to ouzo, pastis, other anise-flavored drinks.  Rakı is usually (but not always) made from grapes.  The difference between rakı and rakia is in the anise.  If rakı is included on this page, shouldn't ouzo and pastis be included as well?  As someone pointed out, at least Greece is in the Balkans (unlike France and Turkey)!
 * Farther down on this talk page is another section titled "Confusing rakia and Turkish rakı" saying essentially the same thing. Bryankeithwiki (talk) 14:01, 23 October 2023 (UTC)

what gives with "мускатова" and "aniseta" - peculiarly placed?
I find these under "grapes, in the "Bulgarian" column - they look like new headings to me, but if so they are a) mis-coded, and probably b) mis-placed (shouldn't they be under "With additions"?  I don't know enough about these to move them myself.  -- Martha 19:43, 4 December 2007 (UTC)

 * In fact, I question whether мускатова ракия really does contain "myrrh" - on the page myrrh I find: "Myrrh is a red-brown resinous material, the dried sap of the tree Commiphora myrrha..." and I really doubt that's what is intended. I also chased "muscat" to Muscat where I find a variety of links, including to Muscat_%28grape_and_wine%29 and Nutmeg - which again does not look appropriate (although its Bulgarian name is indeed "мускатов орех").  I have had "Пещерска ракия - мускат" - it is simply a very fine rakia, I perceived no "exotic" flavors.  See [Peshterska muskatova rakiya] - if you enlarge the label, you will see that they mention "мускатово зърно" (which I cannot find defined) and that is actually the brand that I had.  I think we have some inaccuracy here - but I can't prove it.  Can the person who entered this please speak up?  Thanks - Martha 20:13, 4 December 2007 (UTC)

Hi, Muskatova rakiya (that should be the correct spelling, I think) is just made from a certain sort of grape - Muskat (or Muscat, in English...) and specific technology. There are no outstanding additives (each rakiya has SOME additives). There is also wine called "Muskat" - made from the same sort of grape. - Peter —Preceding unsigned comment added by 78.83.249.136 (talk) 22:13, 7 February 2008 (UTC)

Rakia, Dubrovnik, and France
A citizen from Dubrovnik, who lived most of his life in this town, mentioned me that he never saw any aniseta (grappa with anis) in Dubrovnik. This aspect should be checked and eventually corrected.

Btw, the first line of the article mentions Rakja being "a popular beverage throughout [...] France" As a French citizen, I don't remember myself having seen any equivalent of Rakia in France, except if you consider any fruit alcohol as Rakia...

Oc.Gal. (talk) 00:24, 15 January 2009 (UTC)

main difference between rakija and italian grappa
the italian "grappa" is not resulting from fermentation and distillation of grapes but grapes POMACE (check 'pomace' on wikipedia). It's a fundamental clarification. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.56.102.3 (talk) 20:01, 5 May 2009 (UTC)

Yes, grappa, or 'trapa' as it is sometimes called in Dalmatia, is produced from pomace. As is a form of rakia called 'komovica' (komina being the usual ex-yugoslav languages translation of pomace). There is also a variant of rakia produced from the grape itself, called lozovača. So, in either case, the link between grapa and rakia remains valid. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.175.83.67 (talk) 02:56, 25 May 2010 (UTC)

Rakia?
Does any nation spell it like this? I don't think so. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 90.137.145.101 (talk) 00:18, 3 August 2010 (UTC) It's a transcript of the Bulgarian name of the drink Ракия, which can be considered most neutral in my opinion, provided that the article clearly states the local names of the drink. Needless to say, the drink is best known and marketed in the non-slavic world by this name 78.86.82.106 (talk) 17:46, 21 January 2011 (UTC)

How is rakia neutral relative to the spellings in several countries? Bosnian rakija; Croatian: rakija; Serbian: rakija; Macedonian (transliterated) rakija; Polish: Rakija; Czech rakije, rakija; German: Der Rakija; French: Rakija (Wikipedia's main heading) Italian Rakija (main heading). Bulgarian Раки́я and Russian Ракия can be transliterated as rakija. English Wiktionary lists rakija as the main entry and "rakia" as alternative spelling. I cannot agree that in the "non-Slavic world" the drink is best known or marketed under the alternative spelling of rakia.

Kajsijevaca
Is there any source that Kajsijevaca really is one of the more common flavours? I would say that it should be moved to the part that says "fruits less commonly used". —Preceding unsigned comment added by Barababa (talk • contribs) 16:44, 6 August 2010 (UTC)

Arak?
As far as i know, Raki comes from an Arabian word "arak", and arak is a similar drink in arabic countries which was driking earlier than in Turkey or Bulgaria. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Cemyildiz (talk • contribs) 22:45, 10 November 2011 (UTC)
 * Source? Or Original Research?

Picture at header of article
Picture at header shouldn't contain country name, because in that way you suggest origin, although it is concluded that origin of "rakija" is from entire region, not one country (in this case croatian propaganda). — Preceding unsigned comment added by 213.198.224.17 (talk) 21:58, 20 May 2012 (UTC)

 * There's no propaganda as such in including the location in an image caption; but rather, I think the choice of image is poor for the lead section - most people recognize the drink for the final product, rather the cauldron. --Joy [shallot] (talk) 08:11, 21 May 2012 (UTC)

Rakia vs Grappa vs Calvados vs Brandy vs Cognac/Armagnac vs Conhaque
As a native of the region, I know that everywhere Rakia is produced from the grape Pomace. The technology is simple and as follows: using the discarded pomace from producing wine, some water and sometimes sugar is added. After fermentation reached it's peak the pomace is boiled in a pressurized container with serpentine dipped in cold water so as to induce condensation of the alcohol. The first alcohol content is discarded as it contains high volume of toxic methyl alcohol. Next, the ethyl alcohol is stored and aged in oak barrels, and after at least an year of aging it is ready for consumption. I guarantee to you, that from Portugal to Turkey, Rakia or it's alternatives are produced ONLY from grape pomace, and that this is the authentic way of producing all types of brandy. Brandy however indicates only grapes used, whereas rakia can be made from pears, plums, apples, apricots and peaches (you should try these) and other high-fructose fruits. DemonX (talk) 00:45, 27 October 2013 (UTC)

National drink
There is nothing in the article that supports the statement "widely considered to be а national drink". If you think there is, please provide a quote here from one of the cited sources. Kendall-K1 (talk) 15:59, 26 November 2015 (UTC)

Merger proposal
Isn't Rakı and Rakia the same drink? Why are there two articles one with the Turkish and one with the Albanian name? Antondimak (talk) 18:06, 7 May 2016 (UTC)
 * But they are not the same drink, are they? I thought Rakı was made from grapes and flavored with anise, but Rakia was made from fruit (sometimes grape) and unflavored. Kendall-K1 (talk) 18:37, 7 May 2016 (UTC)
 * Rakı mentions the Greek name (Ρακί or Ρακή or Τσικουδιά) and Turkish name (Rakı). Rakia mentions many other names and the Greek one which is the same. Where else did you see them separated? Antondimak (talk) 19:28, 7 May 2016 (UTC)
 * Well of course the names all stem from the Arabic. I'm just saying they are not the same drink. Kendall-K1 (talk) 00:24, 8 May 2016 (UTC)
 * Maybe the differences are regional? Antondimak (talk) 14:49, 8 May 2016 (UTC)

 * Oppose – Raki is a specific alcoholic beverage, whereas Rakia is a collective general term for fruit brandy in the Balkans; they're topically distinct. North America1000 06:03, 2 June 2016 (UTC)
 * So you say that Raki is a regional variant of Rakia? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Antondimak (talk • contribs) 11:32, 2 June 2016 (UTC)

 * Oppose. I've been to Serbia and seen rakija being made.  It is not the same at all.  As mentioned above, rakija is a brandy made from a variety of fruits, plum and pear being the most common ones I saw, and may have honey (my favorite) or any number of other flavorings added.  There are even more variations since it is frequently made by individuals.  Could part of the problem comes from the original rakija article using two spellings, "rakija" and "rakia?"
 * oppose. Raki is a different drink. Color (always transparent), taste (not fruity or sweet in the sense of plum/pear distilled products), and smell (absence of sweetness) is different. The terms sound the same but have evolved through the centuries from the same Arabic root. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 85.74.237.246 (talk) 14:10, 18 March 2017 (UTC)

Trešnjevača, orahovača, džibra, 05/08/2016 edit
I have moved trešnjevača to basic types, though there are two spirits which bear the same name, in former Yugoslavia they are distinct drinks. One is rakija made by distiling fermented cherries, other is liqueur made with cherries. First one is basic type of rakija, second one is technically not rakija but liqueur. Also orahovača is liqueur, not rakija. Džibra and kom are not synonyms. Kom is leftover of pressing grapes for wine, while džibra is fermented fruit mash. Technically you must add water and sugar to kom to make džibra out of it. Once džibra is distilled it becomes kljuk. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 178.221.245.151 (talk) 15:45, 5 August 2016 (UTC)

Confusing rakia and Turkish rakı
There are several inconsistencies in this article, one of which has to do with the following. It's stated clearly that this drink (the mostly Balkan fruit brandy rakia/rakija/rachiu) is not to be confused with the separate anise-flavored rakı, related to arak, which. Most of the examples in the 'By Country' section are right, but the first one, pertaining to Turkey, seems to describe rakı, and should not be included right? It would seem to contradict other info in the article. So maybe it should be removed. Of course the etymology of both of these words is likely related (the Balkan languages having probably got the word through Turkish and ultimately Arabic); despite this, they seem to refer to two different drinks today. Word dewd544 (talk) 21:28, 11 October 2018 (UTC)

Incorrect information
"In 2007, the European Union awarded Serbia with trademarks for five different rakia brands (Šljivovica, Dunjevača, Medovača, Kruškovača and Jabukovača) making it the only country to have any trademarks for rakia brands."

This sentence here is not true at all. 12 brands of Bulgarian rakia have been protected with PGI (Protected Geographical Indication) and PDO (Protected Designation of Origin) since 2005. All of them can easily be found in the register of the EU's PDOs and PGIs. I'll cite the link. I am removing the latter part of the sentence and adding the correct info in the Bulgarian section. Also, I'm not sure what these "trademarks" the sentence talks about are, the EU protects its products via PDOs and PGIs and the only one in the register that is Serbian is Suboticko - Horgoska Pescara wine. The article cited as source just mentions negotiations that haven't even concluded. This entire sentence is probably incorrect.

Moreover, 3 other brands of Croatian rakia are also protected with PGI status, while Serbian rakia has none. I'm removing the entire sentence and adding the correct information on both the Bulgarian and Croatian paragraphs. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 130.204.7.206 (talk) 10:38, 16 October 2019 (UTC)

Source: https://ec.europa.eu/info/food-farming-fisheries/food-safety-and-quality/certification/quality-labels/geographical-indications-register/# https://ec.europa.eu/info/food-farming-fisheries/food-safety-and-quality/certification/quality-labels/quality-schemes-explained_en

130.204.7.206 (talk) 10:27, 16 October 2019 (UTC)

Copyright problem removed
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No mention of Greece?
Greece is in the Balkans. Greece drinks rakia. I don't understand why each country has a paragraph in the country section except from Greece.

To catch up to anyone who will say this. The fact that "there is an article for Raki and Greece is mentioned there" isn't an argument as turkey is mentioned there too as well as here. Lmagoutas (talk) 19:46, 2 January 2022 (UTC)

Raki (Drink)
Requested move 11 July 2024 ==

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: not moved. – robertsky (talk) 08:12, 18 July 2024 (UTC)

Rakia → Raki (drink) – According to google ngrams [|here] Raki is way more used than both Rakia and Rakija. I propose the name to be changed to Raki (drink) as per naming rules of Wikipedia. RoyalHeritageAlb (talk) 19:35, 11 July 2024 (UTC)

 * Oppose Fails to account for results referring to Rakı. Killuminator (talk) 20:50, 11 July 2024 (UTC)

The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.
 * Oppose per Killuminator; why does your ngram result refer to this drink instead of the other drink? You didn't distinguish the two different drinks. Or are you contending that they are the same drink? -- 65.92.247.96 (talk) 04:28, 12 July 2024 (UTC)
 * Oppose per Killuminator. -- Necrothesp (talk) 12:50, 16 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Rakia


text:
Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Columbine High School massacre/archive1

Columbine High School massacre
Self Nomination. I have been working on this article for eight months now, with the help of countless contributors. I believe this article now exemplifies the qualities for featured article status. It has been peer reviewed twice, and has gone through FAC status twice. Every issue brought up in all four reviews has been attended to. Almost every portion of the article can be supported with facts and information found through official investigations and several sources on the internet. It is comprehensive, concise, and should be featured as one of wikipedia's best works. - PRueda29 - 13:08 22 August 2005 (UTC)

Links to its archived candidate and peer review pages:
 * Featured article candidates/Columbine High School massacre/Archive1
 * Peer review/Columbine High School massacre

 * Support. After the recent edits and the addition of inline references, I fully support this article. I know I was initially hard on the article, but that was b/c the subject matter had to be fully researched and sourced to avoid future trouble with reverts and edits. In response to concerns raised, PRueda29 has done some amazing work on this article over the last day and it fully deserves to be a FA at this point.--Alabamaboy 14:11, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Support. A great article that has addressed the concerns I had for it in Peer Review. Cedars 14:42, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Mild object . This is a detailed and extremely well written article, but I have a couple minor quibbles. Image:ColumbineLibrary.jpg does not meet the Fair use guidelines, as it would possible for us to create a free version of it. I would also like some information on what happened prior to the shooting, specifically the bowling question is not covered in the article. - SimonP 17:27, August 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. The Bowling question was covered but I decided to remove it since I couldn't find a good place for it. I'll add it back.  Thanks. - PRueda29 - 17:33 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. Reference to bowling added. As for the image, even though it can be recreated, It is a screenshot placed in a relevant article and no larger than required for the web based article. So I believe its rationale is fine, but I could be wrong. I have replaced it. - PRueda29 - 10:45 23 August 2005 (UTC).

Support, thank you for the changes. Using the CNN map may very well have been legal, but overusing fair use conflicts with Wikipedia's own goals, since such images can only be used in the United States. - SimonP 13:44, August 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Object.
 * The image Image:Columbine High School.jpg, Image:Evacuating Columbine.jpg have no source information. Fair use cannot be claimed without information on the creator and copyright holder.
 * The images Image:Columbine High School.jpg, Image:Evacuating Columbine.jpg, Image:Columbine Breaking News Photography.GIF, Image:Columbine1.jpg are claimed as fair use, but have inadequate fair use rationales. See Fair use and Image description page for what is needed.
 * The image Image:ColumbineLibrary.jpg is claimed as fair use. However, it is quite possible for a replacement for this image to be created by a Wikipedian: there is no reason to use a fair use image here.
 * The image Image:Columbine1.jpg doesn't make for a very good lead image.
 * --Carnildo 03:50, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I specified the rationale for Image:Columbine High School.jpg, Image:Evacuating Columbine.jpg, and Image:Columbine Breaking News Photography.GIF so that it is clear that the images relate to this article. However, I don't know the exact source of Image:Evacuating Columbine.jpg. I also didn't bother with Image:Columbine1.jpg since it was marked for deletion. As for Image:ColumbineLibrary.jpg, I am not artistically inclined. Is there someone who is up to the challenge? Pentawing 23:38, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Now found the source of Image:Evacuating Columbine.jpg and noted it. Pentawing 00:12, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I doubt that's the source. The image description page says "a local Denver news station", and that isn't the home page of a news station. --Carnildo 05:21, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The Image Image:ColumbineLibrary.jpg has been replaced and is currently up for deletetion, it will not be used in the artcle. --PRueda29 10:42 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. This article made me sick to my stomach in its brutally efficient summary of the events. A great article about a terrible incident. Let's never put this on the main page though, please. --Matt Yeager 23:31, August 22, 2005 (UTC)

 * Support, text is great, the only thing I found distacting was the section headings in the Aftermath section, which could be shortened or done away with since the section is quite short anyway.--nixie 13:54, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Neutral - The article lists "The final grand jury investigation was released in September 2004." In reguards to the county sheriff having prior knowledge. expand on it and this will have my support. -- ZeWrestler   Talk 15:49, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Suppport-Nice expansion on the investigation. ZeWrestler  Talk 17:07, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak support. The topic is still controversial as well as a touchy subject amongst many people. Nevertheless, the article is quite comprehensive and detailed. Pentawing 23:59, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Support-Nicely researched article, and author surely went great extents to make sure everything is told about this subject. Airodyssey 01:58 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Support - Excellent article! Well thought and researched. Jigglz2003 19:28 24 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Support. A very interesting article. I read it months ago and it was great. Front page is a maybe, I don't think its still that big of a deal 6 years later. (note: please don't go and shout me down for saying that.) I say that not in an insensitive way but in the most-people-don't-flinch-anymore-at-its-mention way. Redwolf24 (talk) 02:47, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
John Hargrave

John Gordon Hargrave (6 June 1894 – 21 November 1982), (woodcraft name 'White Fox'), was a prominent youth leader in Britain during the 1920s and 1930s, Head Man of the Kibbo Kift, described in his obituary as an 'author, cartoonist, inventor, lexicographer, artist and psychic healer'. He was a Utopian thinker, a believer in both science and magic, and a figure-head for the Social Credit movement in British politics.

Early life
Born in Midhurst, Sussex, into an itinerant Quaker family, Hargrave was the son of painter Gordon Hargrave and his wife Babette Bing, of Jewish Hungarian descent. A bohemian childhood, spent partly in the Lake District, left him with a passion for Nature and a fierce propensity for self-education through reading books and observing the world around him. In 1908, the family moved to Latimer where in 1909 Hargrave  joined the First Chorleywood Scouts, a group of Baden Powell's Boy Scouts. In 1910 his career as a published book illustrator began when a few of his vignettes appeared in an edition of Gulliver in Liliiput, published by Thomas Nelson & Sons, a commission almost certainly arranged through the patronage of Lady Chesham. He was also given a year-long trial as a cartoonist on the Evening Times. He became a devotee of the naturalist Ernest Thompson Seton, and one of the leading Scout authorities on Woodcraft. His interests in scouting, nature and art combined to produce the book that made his name, or rather his scouting name of 'White Fox'. This was Lonecraft published by Constable in 1913 and introducing the characteristic 'White Fox' style of no-nonsense text, interspersed with pictures and diagrams. Rising up the Scout hierarchy, Hargrave produced a succession of scouting and woodcraft books for C. Arthur Pearson Ltd, who offered him a position of staff artist in 1914, his first salaried job.

Kibbo Kift
When World War I broke out, Hargrave joined the Royal Army Medical Corps and saw action at the Battle of Gallipoli. Hargrave's Quaker pacifism was reinforced by the horrors of war. The experience convinced him that modern civilisation had gone awry and he voiced his feelings in his angry polemic of 1919, The Great War Brings It Home. This was a call to action for all groups concerned with the health and character of future generations. Hargrave called for a new national scheme for character-building and physical training, and the result was the foundation of the Kindred of the Kibbo Kift in August 1920. Intended as a movement for all ages and genders, the Kibbo Kift provided a co-educational, and therefore progressive, alternative to the Boy Scouts. Hargrave was initially appointed 'Head Man' as a temporary measure, but by 1924 had succeeded in becoming the undisputed leader. As Head Man, he imported into the Kindred his interest in ritual and art, along with his own views about self-education, science, magic, and healthy behaviour. He was a strong believer in Darwinian evolution, holding that Kibbo Kift training would produce morally upright and healthy individuals, through whom the human species as a whole would evolve into a better state. He believed that building better individuals was the way of building a better society, thus standing apart from those on the left and right who believed in the State as the main vehicle for social change. Hargrave's vision of the better society to come owed much to his Quaker roots: he saw a future society without war, poverty or wasted lives, all kept together by the self-discipline of enlightened individuals.

The Kindred of the Kibbo Kift took its name from an old Kentish term for a feat of strength and it attracted support from a number of progressive thinkers, including: Patrick Geddes, Evelyn Sharp, H. G. Wells, and Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence. Membership remained fairly small (600–800) in the 1920s and included many teachers, art teachers and youth workers. Many developed an intense personal loyalty to Hargrave, remaining with him throughout the Kindred's transformation into the Green Shirts, and the Social Credit Party.

Artist and writer
In the 1920s Hargrave's work as an artist was dominated by the designs, drawings and diagrams he produced for the Kibbo Kift. All express his fascination with 'symbology', the use of symbols or stylised representations to convey meaning. He controlled the visual style of the movement, designing the 'official' robes, badges, symbols, theatre sets and regalia himself: although individual members were encouraged to design and make their own personal totems. He had less success as an artist outside the movement, despite trying to establish himself as a portrait or landscape painter. In 1924 he exhibited a selection of his 'symbolic paintings' 'an attempt to express through the medium of paint Ideas rather than Objects in themselves'. During the late 1920s and 1930s, he worked as a freelance commercial artist in the advertising industry, producing layouts for Lever Brothers, whose advertising manager Colin Hurry was a friend; and for Carlton Studios, where he worked on campaigns for Watney's and Boot's the Chemist among others. He continued to sell illustrations to book publishers, including some cover work for Mills & Boon in 1922.

Hargrave enjoyed more public success as a novelist, publishing a best-seller Harbottle: A Modern Pilgrim's Progress from This World to That Which is to Come in 1924, and following it with a succession of popular novels published by Duckworth's. Many are stylised fables borrowing structures from books that Hargrave admired: Harbottle is based on John Bunyan, and Young Winkle (1926) is based on Rudyard Kipling's Kim. Entirely original, however, is Hargrave's experimental modernist masterpiece Summer Time Ends (1935). This symphonic text aspired to the condition of radio and film, weaving its characters' speech in and out of refrains and rhythms. The book was well received in America (John Steinbeck was a fan), and was praised by Ezra Pound, by this time an admirer of Hargrave.

Social Credit
In 1924 Hargrave was introduced to the economic theory of Social Credit, the creation of C. H. Douglas. Hargrave took up the creed with fervour, attracted by its seemingly-scientific 'truth' and its sense of mission. Social Credit changed Hargrave's belief in the reformed individual as the key to a better society: the key was actually, he now believed, a reformed economic system. By the late 1920s he had re-purposed the Kindred to be a 'megaphone' for social credit, bringing the esoteric economic theory to the public at large.

The remaining Kibbo Kift members were transformed into a fighting force, still disciplined and healthy but now engaged in 'unarmed military technique'. Hargrave joined up with the Legion of the Unemployed in Coventry in 1930, and furnished them with green shirts and berets. By 1932, the Kibbo Kift were also in the green uniform, together forming the Green Shirt Movement for Social Credit. The Green Shirts soon became part of the street politics of the 1930s, engaging in battles with both Oswald Mosley's British Union of Fascists, the Black Shirts, and the Red Shirt supporters of the Communist Party of Great Britain. Hargrave designed a striking new flag for his Social Credit movements, the green and black double K device, which he christened the 'Key Symbol'. He also introduced a strong element of theatricality into the Green Shirts' political protest, with ritual marches round the Bank of England, drumming, 'street chalking' and publicity stunts such as throwing a green brick into 11 Downing Street.

Initially staying out of parliamentary politics, Hargrave changed his mind in 1935, re-branding the Green Shirt movement as the Social Credit Party of Great Britain and Northern Ireland for the purposes of fighting the 1935 General Election. He was also impressed by the success of the Social Credit Party of Alberta (Canada). Douglas opposed the entry of the movement into parliamentary politics. Hargrave soon travelled to Alberta, frustrated at the lack of progress that the Social Credit government there was making. He was appointed an economic adviser to the Government of Alberta and was disowned by Douglas. He left Canada in 1936, returning to find the Social Credit Party in disarray after the Public Order Act 1936 banned the wearing of uniforms by non-military personnel. Undeterred, Hargrave steered the Social Credit Party into a more evangelical mood, adopting quasi-religious slogans ('God's Providence is Mine Inheritance') and organising public 'Services of National Regeneration'. He broke with Ezra Pound, an episode which underlined his opposition to Fascism.

The Social Credit Party was mothballed during the war, although Hargrave tried to keep his ideas alive through a weekly newsletter, The Message from Hargrave. He was urged to stand for Parliament in the 1945 election, but did not: only returning to public politics in 1950 when he stood as a candidate in Hackney North and Stoke Newington in the 1950 general election. The 551 votes he received convinced Hargrave to give up, and by 1951 he had disbanded the Party.

Inventor, healer and cartoonist
In 1937 Hargrave became obsessed with solving the technological problems of using maps in moving aeroplanes. By 1938 a prototype of the Hargrave Automatic Navigator was ready to file with the Patent Office and articles of association had been prepared for 'Hargrave Aviation Ltd.'. The prototype was tested during the war, with government approval, but lack of capital meant that the invention was not developed further. The invention lay fallow until 1976 when Hargrave sued the British Government, claiming that the moving map display supplied by Britain to the supersonic Concorde, was, in fact, his Automatic Navigator. His claim was taken up by journalists, resulting eventually in a Public Enquiry. Hargrave insisted he was only asking for recognition, rather than any financial recompense, but the Public Enquiry found against him.

During the war, Hargrave had returned to his interest in science and magic (he always considered both as equally valid methods for harnessing the forces of nature). He became convinced of his own powers and set up as a healer, offering a variety of techniques. Chief among these were the use of 'Therapeutic Psychographs', abstract artworks created by Hargrave which were prescribed to his patients with instructions to stare at the artwork for a set period of time every day.

In the 1950s Hargrave earned a living as a cartoonist, working under the name of 'Spiv' or sometimes just 'H'. His work appeared in Cavalcade, The Sketch and Time and Tide. He was commissioned to write the entry on Paracelsus for the Encyclopædia Britannica (Hargrave had published The Life and Soul of Paracelsus in 1951). He submitted a stream of manuscripts, radio plays and film scripts to producers and publishers, always searching for opportunities to realise his ideas: he continued to believe that Social Credit was the solution to the world's economic problems. John Hargrave died on 21 November 1982, aged 88 at his home in Branch Hill Lodge, Hampstead.

Personal life and surviving papers
Hargrave married Ruth Clark, the daughter of the engineer William Clark on 28 November 1919. Their marriage produced one son although the couple were divorced in 1952. He remarried in 1968, his new wife being Diana, the actress Gwendolyn Florence Gray.

John Hargrave's personal papers, including his diaries and unpublished mss., are held at the British Library of Political and Economic Science. His artwork, including designs for the Kibbo Kift, work as a commercial artist and family photographs are held in the Museum of London (the Kibbo Kift Collection). Model III of Hargrave's Automatic Navigator is held in the Science Museum.

Key published works

 * Lonecraft (1913)
 * At Suvla Bay (1916)
 * The Wigwam Papers (1916)
 * The Totem Talks (1918)
 * Tribal Training (1919)
 * The Great War Brings It Home (1919)
 * The Confession of the Kibbo Kift (1927)
 * Summer Time Ends (1935)
 * Professor Skinner alias Montagu Norman (1935)
 * The Alberta Report (1937)
 * Words Win Wars (1940)
 * Social Credit Clearly Explained (1945)
 * The Life And Soul Of Paracelsus (1951)
 * The Paragon Dictionary (1952)
 * The Suvla Bay Landing (1964)
 * The Facts of the Case Concerning the Hargrave Automatic Navigator for Aircraft (1969)

title: John Hargrave


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Regraga

The Regraga are a subgroup within the larger Masmuda Berber tribal confederacy of Morocco. They historically played a pivotal role in the cultural and religious landscape of the Chiadma region along the Atlantic coast, situated between Safi and Essaouira. The Regraga are noted for their spiritual practices and their annual pilgrimage, known locally as the Moussem, which spans thirty-nine days and begins each year at the spring equinox.

Historical and Cultural Significance
The Regraga trace their origins to the Jbel Hadid mountains, where they introduced Islam to the region alongside two other tribes, the Berber Haha and the Chiadma. In the tamazigh language, "Regraga" signifies individuals endowed with Baraka, a spiritual force believed to confer blessings. This designation originated from their esteemed religious status in pre-Islamic times, which marked them as a noble group within the community.

The Daour Pilgrimage
The annual daour pilgrimage is a cornerstone of Regraga culture, encompassing a journey of approximately 460 kilometers across varied terrain. Pilgrims visit around forty sanctuaries, known as zaouïas, which hold significant ancestral and spiritual importance. These sanctuaries are distributed through thirteen rural brotherhoods (zaouïas), each fulfilling distinct roles within the confederation.

During the pilgrimage, which includes up to 51 stages, participants engage in communal festivities known as Moussems. These events blend religious observances with local fairs, fostering a sense of communal solidarity and cultural continuity. The pilgrimage serves not only as a religious journey but also as a socio-economic hub, featuring markets and entertainment that temporarily suspend ordinary life.

Legends and Spiritual Tradition
According to legend, the Regraga trace their lineage to seven Berber saints who journeyed to Mecca during the time of the Prophet Muhammad. These saints, known as Companions of the Prophet, converted to Islam and were tasked with spreading the faith upon their return to North Africa. The pilgrimage thus maintains a profound connection to these foundational figures, embodying a spiritual journey that activates the saints and reaffirms communal adherence to Islam.

Contemporary Relevance
Despite challenges posed by modernization and tourism, the Regraga pilgrimage endures as a vital cultural and spiritual event in Morocco. Often referred to as the "pilgrimage of the poor" in contrast to the Hajj, it continues to attract devotees seeking blessings, healing, and communal solidarity. The pilgrimage exemplifies Morocco's cultural resilience and spiritual heritage, embodying a blend of tradition and adaptation in response to contemporary pressures.

title: Regraga


text:
Category:Alumni of Selwyn College, Cambridge

See also Category:Fellows of Selwyn College, Cambridge.


text:
Category:Alumni of Robinson College, Cambridge

See also Category:Fellows of Robinson College, Cambridge.


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Chand Kaur

Chand Kaur (1802 – 11 June 1842) was the fourth ruler of the Sikh Empire, proclaimed as Malika Muqaddisa (lit. Empress Immaculate) on 2 December 1840. She was born to Sardar Jaimal Singh of the Kanhaiya Misl. In 1812, she was married to Crown Prince Kharak Singh, son and heir apparent of Maharaja Ranjit Singh and Maharani Datar Kaur. In 1821 she gave birth to their only son Nau Nihal Singh, who became second in line of succession to the throne of Punjab.

During her husband's brief reign she served as the queen consort of the Sikh Empire and became the Rajmata when her son ascended the throne.

After the deaths of both her husband Kharak Singh and son Nau Nihal Singh, she declared herself regent for the unborn child of Nau Nihal Singh and his pregnant widow Sahib Kaur. She abandoned her claim when Sahib Kaur delivered a stillborn son and rival Sher Singh led a successful assault of Lahore. She was later murdered by her servants on 11 June 1842.

Biography
Chand Kaur was born in 1802 into a Sandhu Jat Sikh family in Fatehgarh Churian in the Gurdaspur District of Punjab. Her father was Sardar Jaimal Singh, chief of the Kanhaiya Misl. In February 1812, at the age of ten, she married Kunwar Kharak Singh, the eldest son of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. In 1816, Ranjit Singh officially announced Kharak Singh as his heir apparent and anointed him "Tikka Kanwar" (Crown prince) making Chand Kaur the "Tikka Rani Sahiba" (Crown Princess).

Their son, Nau Nihal Singh, was born on 23 February 1821 and in March 1837 he married Bibi Nanaki Kaur Sahiba, daughter of Sham Singh Atariwala.

Reign of son
After the death of Ranjit Singh on 27 June 1839, Kharak Singh was appointed as his successor and Raja Dhian Singh Dogra as his wazir (vizier). The new Maharaja only ruled for less than four months until October 1839, when he was overthrown in a coup by his son, Nau Nihal Singh, and Dhian Singh. He was imprisoned at Lahore until his death in November 1840 from slow poisoning. Contemporary chroniclers suggest that the poison had been administered under Dhiān Siṅgh's orders.

Returning from the cremation of his father on 5 November, Nau Nihal Singh went through the gate of the Hazuri Bagh with his companion Udam Singh, son of Gulab Singh, and Dhian Singh's nephew. As they passed through the gate stones fell from above, killing Udam Singh and injuring the prince. Dhian Singh, who was a few steps behind, immediately arranged for the prince to be taken into the fort. Nobody else was allowed into the fort, not even his mother, Chand Kaur, who beat on the fort gates with her bare hands in a fever of anxiety. Eyewitnesses stated that before he was taken into the fort the prince appeared to be only slightly injured, was conscious and asked for water. However, when his mother and friends were allowed in to see him, he was dead with severe injuries to his head.

Reign
After the deaths of Kharak Singh and Nau Nihal Singh, Dhian Singh supported the claim of Sher Singh, the son of Ranjit Singh's estranged first wife, Mehtab Kaur. Chand Kaur turned to Gulab Singh for support. A compromise was proposed that Chand Kaur should adopt Sher Singh's son Pratap Singh.

However, she said that Nau Nihal's widow, Maharani Sahib Kaur, was pregnant and might give birth to a rightful successor. The arrival in Lahore of two powerful opponents of Sher Singh, Sardar Atar Singh Sandhawalia and Sardar Ajit Singh Sandhawalia, settled the matter. On 2 December 1840 Chand Kaur was proclaimed Maharani of the Punjab, with the title Malika Muqaddasa.

On 13 January, Sher Singh arrived in Lahore. The regiments outside the city walls went over to his side, leaving Chand Kaur with 5,000 men and a limited quantity of gunpowder against a force of 26,000 infantry, 8,000 horse and 45 guns. Chand Kaur's troops in the fort fought for two days, but Dhian Singh arrived on the evening of 17 January and arranged a ceasefire. Chand Kaur was persuaded to accept a pension and relinquish her claim to the throne, and on 27 January Sher Singh was formally anointed as Maharaja.

Retirement and assassination
In July 1841 Sahib Kaur's son was stillborn, ending any justification for Chand Kaur's claim to the regency. The dowager Maharani retired to the haveli of Nau Nihal Singh, her son, in Lahore and received a pension of 900,000 rupees. However her enemies still saw her as a threat and she was battered to death with wooden pikes by her servants on 11 June 1842.

Her samadhi, Maharani Chand Kaur Samadhi, is located near Gumat, Jammu. A magnificent gurudwara, known as Gurudwara Maharani Chand Kaur, has also been built on the same premises and the adjoining neighborhood is known as Chand Nagar. Another of her samadhi exists at The Royal Lahore Garden, to the south of her samadhi, stands the samadhi of her mother-in-law, Maharani Datar Kaur, lovingly called Mai Nakain by her father-in-law, Maharaja Ranjit Singh. In between the samadhis of the two maharanis, there is the smaller samadhi of her daughter-in-law, Maharani Sahib Kaur.

title: Chand Kaur


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Wikipedia:Peer review/Military Affiliate Radio System/archive1

Military Affiliate Radio System
I worked fairly hard on getting this page done. I didn't want to elaborate on too many things just a down to earth article that people would enjoy reading without getting overwhelmed. KB3JUV 13:49, 22 August 2005 (UTC)KB3JUV

 * Overall it looks pretty good. I did have one or two issues, however. The expression "MARS Proud, Professional, and Ready" looks like a slogan of some type, and the way it is employed on the page does not appear very encyclopedic. If it is a slogan, you could explain it as such, and not present it in the manner of an advertisement. Both "Department of Defense" and "Armed Forces Day" can be linked to their own pages; "intellegence" is spelled incorrectly, and the page could do with a category or two. Thank you for your contribution. :) — RJH 15:43, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the comment, I fixed and added all the things you talked about.KB3JUV 17:35, 24 August 2005 (UTC)KB3JUV


text:
User talk:Causa sui/Archive 2

Cathytreks
sorry...the article was only placed on as a "revisionist history" piece, and hence no offense was meant. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Cathytreks (talk • contribs) 22:36, 31 July 2005

thx
hey thanks for the tips mate, much appreciated :) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Treevillan (talk • contribs) 00:09, 1 August 2005

WP:CIV
You wrote: Do some simple math. When there is no consensus, VfDs should be closed as such. Don't open RFCs against people because you didn't get your way. This is an embarassment. I'd ask you to reconsider the tone of this comment. While you may not agree, please note that I have not voted an any of the VfDs in this RfC. brenneman (t) (c) 23:26, 1 August 2005 (UTC)

deletion of your vote on Requests for comment/Deletion of VFD
The deletion of your vote was completely unintentional and caused by an edit conflict. I apologize profusely for not checking. Nickptar 02:35, 2 August 2005 (UTC)

Hey...
... thanks for the diligence, 203.134.166.99 was me :-) Ta bu shi da yu 05:24, 2 August 2005 (UTC)

Scientology
my "test" is the truth. I knew what I am doing. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.199.55.143 (talk • contribs) 00:54, 2 August 2005

Thanks
Thanks for reverting that vandalism to my user page. --Canderson7 18:54, August 2, 2005 (UTC)

Thank you!
Thank you for your support on my RfA! When I submitted it, I was unsure of how I'd do, but the support was great. I promise that I won't do anything too stupid with the trust you've given me. humblefool®Deletion Reform 19:46, 2 August 2005 (UTC)
 * P.S. Stop by Deletion reform!

My two bits on this whole thing
User:Fernando Rizo/VfD Fernando Rizo T/C 21:16, 2 August 2005 (UTC)

Magners
please edit the Magners article if you feel it is to much of an 'advertisement'.... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.12.178.127 (talk • contribs) 19:15, 2 August 2005

Thank You !!!
Malathion, thank you so much! :) I very much appreciate the medal, it's very cool! See ya round the 'pedia. :) Func( t, c ) 03:34, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

Request for Arbitration
See Wikipedia:Requests for arbitration/Malathion for details on why this is happening. ;-) Sasquatch′↔T↔C 06:52, August 3, 2005 (UTC)

VFD

 * Althought I do disagree with a notion that WP would be reaching "critical mass" (I have my own list of potential articles that still has lots of gaps and I am not qualified to write about all of them), I do think that your ideas of "deletionism" have some merit. IMO, quicker deletion would decrease the possibility that WP mirrors would absorb the nonsense, which do happens to be my pet peeve. However, some "dictionary definitions" are not necessarily so (for example, a while back somebody nominated vendetta for transwiki).  - Skysmith 08:45, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

Speedy delete of Sambenito
while cleaning out CAT:CSD I just came across Sambenito, which you had marked for speedy deletion. While the article Sambenito obviously was very incomplete, it seems to be a genuine contribution, and I don't see how it qualifies for speedy deletion.

As it is obviously not fun to have your genuine contributions marked for deletion, in cases like this I think you should use an appropriate cleanup-tag instead, in this case fx. Thue | talk 19:48, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

Sam Sloan
I can certainly understand why you undid the "Sam Sloan" edit (no, I wasn't the editor); however, please be aware that the hagiographic autobiography is as far away from NPOV as the version you deleted.

Some credible people (myself included) have indeed contended that Sloan is a self-described child molester.

He has distributed softcore pornography to children; arguably for his own sexual gratification.

He is a racist. He is indeed a convicted felon.

He also beat me in a chess match recently :-) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Billbrock (talk • contribs) 16:38, 4 August 2005

Readers should be made aware that Bill Brock's obsession with me has been debates extensively on the Chess Politics Forums and few if anybody agrees with him.

For example, the entire basis for his claim that I am a "child molester" is that I posted a photograph of a young prostitute in Thailand on my website. Similarly, his claim that I am a "racist" is that I have posted comments about the latest lifestyle and fashion trends among young Japanese women. Since I have lived in Japan and travel there frequently and my wife and child is Japanese, I am well qualified to comment on their fashion trends. No knowledgable person has disagreed with my remarks on this subject.

In short, the only thing that Bill Brock writes about me that a neutral person would not disagree with is that I beat him in a chess match and won one thousand dollars.

Sam Sloan 17:08, 23 August 2005 (UTC)Sam SloanSam Sloan 17:08, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

RE: My RFA
Ah, a former Uni Hall student! The things that I hear go on there... It sounds like it must have been a genuinely great experience. Indiana University you say? I think I know a few students who are from there (there must be an arrangement?). Thanks for dropping by, and congratulations (in advance) on achieving administrator status. --Cyberjunkie | Talk 12:13, 6 August 2005 (UTC)

Mats Leven article
Hello! I submitted a new article on Mats Levén and I would like to ask you to modify the title of the article as I accidentally spelled Leven instead of Levén. Also I'd like to tell you the picture provided for the article was taken by me so there is no copyright problem about it. Thanks! —Preceding unsigned comment added by MissSwan (talk • contribs) 10:28, 6 August 2005

Thank you and sorry about that... I forgot to sign my name :P Miss 18:58, 6 August 2005 (UTC)

Renames of speedy deletion templates
Now that the TfD on nn-bio has been closed I have renamed all the speedy deletion templates to names that start with "db-" as discussed in that TfD discussion. I have also cleaned up all double redirs and fixed all coumentation pages I know of. The only template not conforming is delete because it is currently protected. I hope this meets your concerns in this matter. DES (talk) 23:56, 8 August 2005 (UTC)

Christopher Rose deletion
Hi Ryan: Thanks for your message. I deleted the Christopher Rose article (created at 01:14, 29 July 2005) at the request of the author and subject User:Cnmirose (He had originally added it anonymously). My deletion occurred at 19:48, 29 July 2005. I took no part in your subsequent recreation and the ensuing VFD (indeed, I knew nothing of them until I saw your message). —Theo (Talk) 11:10, 9 August 2005 (UTC)

deleting hysterics page?
oh be nice, it's only one sentence and it's not a big deal. only filled it in cause there's a link of the music for robots entry. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.90.85.10 (talk • contribs) 19:56, 9 August 2005

Congratulations!
Congratulations! It's my pleasure to let you know that, consensus being reached, you are now an administrator. You should read the relevant policies and other pages linked to from the administrators' reading list before carrying out tasks like deletion, protection, banning users, and editing protected pages such as the Main Page. Most of what you do is easily reversible by other sysops, apart from page history merges and image deletion, so please be especially careful with those. You might find the new administrators' how-to guide helpful. Cheers! -- Cecropia | explains it all ® 07:14, 10 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Allow me to add my congratulations too! Make us proud! -- Essjay ·  Talk 07:21, August 10, 2005 (UTC)

 * Don't forget to thank people... like say the person who nominated you *cough*. Sasquatch ↔讲↔看 07:25, August 10, 2005 (UTC)

 * Congratulations! Treat the mop well, and it will treat you well. (i have no clue what that means, but it sounds good)  -- BMIComp (talk, HOWS MY DRIVING) 07:28, 10 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Congratulations, and you're quite welcome! --User:Merovingian (t) (c) 07:44, August 10, 2005 (UTC)

 * glad to hear it, and happy vandal-hunting! dab (ᛏ) 07:48, 10 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Mazal tov Malathion. And good luck finding that horrific sounding gatling mop.  :-p  Tomer TALK  08:05, August 10, 2005 (UTC)

 * I don't see what all the fuss is about. It's just a mop. ;-) Oh well, congratulations! -- BD2412 talk 12:37, August 10, 2005 (UTC)

 * Congratulations. --Briangotts (talk) 12:59, 10 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Congratulations, and best of luck. Jayjg (talk) 15:02, 10 August 2005 (UTC)

 * That's some nice rollback work; congratulations. Flowerparty talk 16:46, 10 August 2005 (UTC)

Congrats and happy mopping! -- M P er el ( talk 07:23, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

Re: your message
Why you would consider a non-profit Darkness fan club, which is clearly an homage to the band, a commercial link?

The other sites listed are all much more commercial than mine.

Who is your editor?

You wrote:

Please stop. If you continue to use Wikipedia for advertising, you will be blocked from editing. --malathion talk 11:20, 10 August 2005 (UTC)

This is your last warning. The next time you insert a commercial link you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia. --malathion talk 11:23, 10 August 2005 (UTC)

Vandalism
I was reverting a large amount of vandalism being done to the page which was happening while I was reading it - being done by IP 194.73.39.4

I was not vandalising the page myself.

Func's RfA :)
Malathion, thank you for your support! I'm planning to keep the roadrunner running on crack! :)

Please never hesitate to let me know if you have concerns with any administrative action I may make.

Func( t, c, e, ) 18:34, 10 August 2005 (UTC)

Ugh you deleted my article man
What gives, i put a lot of effort into it. Please undelete it :(

It was the Areems entry. Theplebianking 21:33, 10 August 2005 (UTC)

Congratulations!
Congratulations, Malathion! I'm really glad that you're admin now, and I highly trust that you will do an excellent job on Wikipedia. Congratulations again. — Stevey7788 (talk) 22:50, 10 August 2005 (UTC)

Re: Thanks for your support
I have received your acknowledgement and you are welcome. As I also plan to become an administrator here sometime soon, you may nominate me if you would like to.--Jusjih 07:05, 12 August 2005 (UTC)

Final decision
The arbitration commitee has reached a final decision in the Requests for arbitration/Alfrem case →Raul654 22:14, August 12, 2005 (UTC)

Companies aren't speedies
Hmmm... I read it as an extension of Deletion of vanity articles. If "John Doe is a baker" does not assert significance and is speedy-able, "JDB Inc. is John Doe's is a bakery" also does not assert signifigance, etc. I'll look over my previously speedied pages. Thanks for the input. brenneman (t) (c) 14:20, 13 August 2005 (UTC)

 * My favorite rule is WP:IAR. ^_^ Thanks for that, I'll put businesses on Votes for deletion from now on.  Well, actually, what about the example I gave?  To be frank, I haven't seen anything like that, but I do recall one Votes for deletion/Grafixology that was mostly a company logo and unlinked website.  Could I speedy that one?  Thanks for the input.  brenneman (t) (c)  01:35, 15 August 2005 (UTC)

VfD
Hi there. In this VfD you said no consensus because no votes. But there was a vote: mine (in my nomination), and there was no opposition to deletion. -Splash 15:50, 13 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Ok, I'll renominate it. But philosophically speaking, I'm not sure that it was a no consensus. -Splash 21:28, 13 August 2005 (UTC)

Alfred G
ooops i am sorry, forgive me dear friend.

you see, i was only trying to slowly introduce myself to the wikipedia users as i know it is possible to do. People like you (for example) have this kinda introductory page. i guess i submitted mine onto the main encyclopedia which was the wrong thing to do.

so how do i start again and place my entry onto the appropriate section? —Preceding unsigned comment added by AlfredG (talk • contribs) 15:30, 13 August 2005

so it ok to do testing in the Sandbox yes ?

Life Unworthy of Life
I removed the word "tragic." Is more tone editing needed in your opinion? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.215.169.65 (talk • contribs) 23:48, 14 August 2005

Petre McGriftlin
If this article still exists when you get this, please delete it. It is vandalism. Thanks. Ëvilphoenix Burn! 05:38, August 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Also please consider a block on, User is vandalizing Harry Potter related pages. Thank you. Ëvilphoenix Burn! 05:51, August 15, 2005 (UTC)

VFD modificações
I modified Votes for deletion/Witkacy/Black Book to fix a problem with my comments several days ago that have probably adversely affected the VFD. I don't really care how the VFD turns out, eventhough I have an interest in seeing it deleted. The "save this as evidence for the impending RFC against Witkacy" arguments strongly counter my "delete this trollishness" view. Anyways, I hope you don't mind that I fixed my wikiformatting problem after you closed the VFD. If you do, please insert a meaningless space in the VFD somewhere and save it as your own or something. It's just a formatting question, no relevant change in the lack of any consensus to delete. Tomer TALK 08:31, August 15, 2005 (UTC)

I don't understand
for some reason on a handful of pages I get a message telling me that my ip was blocked my you, preventing me from editing, yet according to the block list, I was never blcoked, and I can still edit some articles, how did this happen--152.163.100.14 21:25, 15 August 2005 (UTC)

Blocking of Din page
Ryan, you locked the page Din (Arabic term) because of too many reverts. I have posted requests for objections(17:23 16th August, and 3:44 17th August) so the problem may be resolved, but no one chooses to respond. The page is locked in the "wrong" version from my perspective. Please take a look, and nudge the others, or please at least put it in the correct version and keep it locked, and then perhaps "they" will be motivated to respond. Or, unlock the page. Thanks Nickbee 18:51, 17 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Please don't. Nickbee can't stand compromises for whatever reason.Heraclius 00:13, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

Blanking
pardon me that was a manic moment, sorry for wasting your energy.

I very much disagree with the Nietzsche association with Nihilism, perhaps maybe Schoepenhauer is a more suited canditate. If you would like to discuss with me my username is Raddicks. Im going to log on there and we can discuss, ive read Waulter Kauffman's translations so im fairly knowledgeble.

things id like to discuss

- "God is dead" - Was this a nihilistic conclusion/statement, or was it a social criticism on christianity? - Schoepenhauer's pessimism vs Nietzsche's optimism. - Nihilism in media, maybe Fight Club - is the Fight Club philosophy a nihilistic conclusion or an anarchic one?

Talk to me on my real account.

Ok. Would you consider John Cage to be a Nihilist musician? John Cage is it a suitable topic to place under the nihilism page?

--User:Raddicks

talk to me >:(

 * I have responded on your talk page. --Ryan Delaney talk 02:54, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

website cruft?
what's a website cruft? like crufts the dog show? if so, you can totally forget about that. i didn't create the entry. so please don't think i'm trying to show off if that's what you're thinking. someone linked me to the entry, i feel happy and loved, but i didn't put it there. do whatever you want with it i guess.

-spj

Feel free to delete Shaikh Ali Gomaa
You must have deleted JUST before I put a speedy tag on it, so I recreated the article by accident. Please delete it again; sorry about that. ral 315  04:41, August 18, 2005 (UTC)

Feel free to delete Shaikh Ali Gomaa
You must have deleted JUST before I put a speedy tag on it, so I recreated the article by accident. Please delete it again; sorry about that. ral 315  04:41, August 18, 2005 (UTC)

Thanks
Thanks for reverting the very strange little bit of vandalism someone left on my user page. "If you so wish, feel free to email me: [my Wikipedia username]@gmail.com but i will not reply". What is that? That's really weird... Semiconscious ( talk  ·  home) 06:08, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

Thanks for the revert
Thanks for reverting the vandalism on my User page. Now that I've attracted the ire of immature wikipedia vandals, is there a t-shirt I can buy? Al 18:57, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

Thanks
Thank you for reverting the vandalism to my user-page. Can you believe this is all about the Mariah Carey article. I kept reverting someones vandalsim and since then, that person has been out to get me. This was a long time ago, I just cant believe that they are still at it. To tell you the truth, I find it quite funny for some reasons.

title: User talk:Causa sui/Archive 2


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Blankbabied

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. R e  dwolf24  (talk) 01:12, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

Blankbabied
Neologism. Kelly Martin 13:50, August 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per nominator.--nixie 13:52, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per nominator. DES (talk) 14:02, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per above. Delete, delete, delete. --Several Times 14:13, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete this nonsense. --DrTorstenHenning 14:19, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * If I felt that this article was speediable, I would have done so. It's not, and I didn't.  It's a credible claim of some bit of net.culture, which is an area I know not enough about to decide whether it's encyclopedic or not.  It certainly doesn't appear to be nonsense to me, at least not in the definition of nonsense that we use.  So let's not call it nonsense, ok? Kelly Martin 17:00, August 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Eamonn Holmes

Eamonn Holmes (born 3 December 1959) is a Northern Irish broadcaster and journalist. He co-presented the breakfast television show GMTV (1993–2005) for ITV, before presenting Sunrise (2005–2016) for Sky News. Holmes co-presented ITV's This Morning (2006–2021) with his wife Ruth Langsford on Fridays and during the school holidays. In January 2022, he joined GB News to present its breakfast programme alongside Isabel Webster. He has also presented How the Other Half Lives (2015–2019) and It's Not Me, It's You (2016) for Channel 5.

Holmes was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) for services to broadcasting in the 2018 New Year Honours. He is an advocate of numerous charities and causes, including Dogs Trust, Variety GB and Northern Ireland Kidney Patients' Association.

Early life and education
Holmes was educated at Holy Family Primary School and St Malachy's College, Belfast.

Early career
Before entering broadcasting, Holmes worked for a Dublin-based business magazine. In 1979, he joined Ulster Television (UTV), the ITV franchise contractor for Northern Ireland, working as a host and reporter for the station's Farming Ulster programme. Afterwards, he teamed up with Ulster Television's sports reporters, Leslie Dawes (1922–2014) and Jackie Fullerton, to assist in covering sporting events in the region.

In 1982, Holmes was moved into news and current affairs reporting when he was tasked to anchor Ulster Television's flagship Good Evening Ulster programme. Holmes succeeded Gloria Hunniford, who had presented the show since its launch in 1979. Holmes was the third choice to present the programme after trial runs by news reporters Gary Gillespie and Gerry Kelly.

In addition to his news and current affairs role, Holmes has also hosted other Ulster Television productions, including Miss Northern Ireland gala specials in 1985 and 1986. With Ulster Television, he won a Hometown Radio Award. He departed in 1986 to join the BBC. At the corporation's Manchester studios, Holmes worked as a presenter on the daytime Open Air programme which was broadcast nationally on BBC1.

Television presenting
Holmes has presented coverage of snooker, horse racing, darts and tennis on television. He was also the presenter of ITV's coverage of the Phil Taylor vs. Raymond van Barneveld showdown at the Wembley Conference Centre in 1999.

In 1993, Holmes started working at GMTV, hosting the first show on 1 January 1993 with Anne Davies. He had a falling-out with his subsequent co-host Anthea Turner; however, they were reunited on a BBC NI show entitled The Friday Show in 2009.

Holmes presented the BBC National Lottery game show Jet Set between 2001 and 2007.

In April 2005, he left GMTV, stating the show had run out of real news and became celebrity obsessed shortly before his departure.

After leaving GMTV in April 2005, Holmes joined Sky News six months later to present the new-look Sunrise programme. He initially hosted the show with Lorna Dunkley between October 2005 and January 2007, then with Charlotte Hawkins from 2007 to 2014. Hawkins joined ITV in March 2014 and was replaced by Isabel Webster. In September 2016, Holmes announced his departure from the programme after eleven years.

Holmes presented SUDO-Q, a BBC quiz show between December 2005 and March 2007.

In 2006, Holmes began presenting ITV daytime programme This Morning on Friday mornings until 2021.

In December 2021, Holmes ended his contractual obligations with This Morning, meaning that the husband and wife duo no longer presented the show during school or bank holidays.

In 2006, Holmes hosted US game show The Rich List. In 2009, Holmes co-presented the ITV series The Feelgood Factor with Myleene Klass. He presented eight episodes of Songs of Praise from 2009 until 2014. In 2010, Holmes guest presented an episode of Have I Got News for You.

In 2014, Holmes and Ruth Langsford co-hosted a 10-part ITV daytime game show, Gift Wrapped. In 2015, Holmes and Langsford presented a six-part factual series for Channel 5 entitled Eamonn & Ruth: How the Other Half Lives. The programme returned for a second series in September 2016 and a third in June 2017.

In 2016, Holmes presented Channel 5 panel show It's Not Me, It's You. Vicky Pattison and Kelly Brook were team captains on the show.

Holmes was one of 3 relief presenters on Good Morning Britain between 2017 and 2018.

From March 2018, Holmes co-presented Do the Right Thing with Ruth Langsford on Channel 5.

In December 2021 it was announced that Holmes was joining GB News. It was later announced that he would present its new breakfast show with Isabel Webster from 4 January 2022.

in February 2020, Holmes lost a First Tier Tribunal (FTT) appeal regarding his status as a freelancer under IR35 rules, with the judge determining his contract with ITV's This Morning programme amounted to employment. Giving evidence in the proceedings, Holmes described himself as "..one of the best live television presenters in the country."

Other television work
In 2001, Holmes appeared on Lily Savage's Blankety Blank. In 2013, Holmes was a judge on the CBBC Blue Peter talent search for a new presenter, Blue Peter – You Decide.

Holmes has made four appearances on the long-running game show Who Wants to be a Millionaire?. The first time, he played with Alex Ferguson on 25 December 2004. On 25 August and 1 September 2007, he played with Kay Burley. On 20 May 2012, he returned with Ruth Langsford by his side. Finally, on 19 December 2013, to celebrate the end of Millionaire on ITV, Holmes re-appeared on the show with Alex Ferguson. Holmes has also appeared on celebrity editions of game shows including Fifteen to One, Call My Bluff, All Star Mr & Mrs, Tipping Point: Lucky Stars, Catchphrase and The Chase.

Holmes has also made regular appearances on Big Brother's Bit on the Side and in 2015, he was heavily tipped as a housemate for Celebrity Big Brother 16. He has been a panellist on numerous episodes of Through the Keyhole and appeared in ITV's Guess the Star in 2017. Since November 2017, he has provided the voiceover for Biggleton on CBeebies.

On 19 September 2021, Eamonn Holmes was interviewed by Joe Duffy on The Meaning of Life on RTÉ One (part of RTÉ Television) in Ireland.

Radio
Holmes' foray into radio broadcasting was at Downtown Radio, Northern Ireland's first commercial independent radio station, in the late 1980s.

From around 2003, Holmes presented The Eamonn Holmes Show on Radio 5 Live on Saturday mornings between 9 and 11 am for 6 years, last airing on 30 May 2009 as Holmes' contract with the BBC was not renewed. In 2005, Holmes hosted his own programme on London radio station Magic 105.4.

For a few weeks in 2008, Holmes took over Michael Parkinson's Sunday morning show on Radio 2.

In 2016, Holmes presented his own radio show on talkRADIO. The show was called Let's Talk With Eamonn Holmes and was broadcast on Saturdays from 6am to 8am and Sundays from 11am to 1pm.

From January 2018 till February 2020, Holmes presented the weekday drivetime show on talkRADIO.

Other work
Holmes writes a column for The People newspaper. His autobiography was released in May 2006. The autobiography is called This is MY Life, a reference to another famous Irish Eamonn – Eamonn Andrews, after whom he was named. The book reveals some of what occurred behind the scenes during his tenure at GMTV.

Controversies
In November 2009, Jon Culshaw appeared as Holmes on The Impressions Show in a series of three comedy sketches in which he was portrayed as having an appetite so uncontrollable that he eats a sofa, flowers and even a guest (Frankie Dettori), using the catchphrase 'I was fierce hungry, so I was'. Although Holmes had interviewed Culshaw and his co-star Debra Stephenson on This Morning to promote the show, after the programme aired the presenter instructed his lawyers to send a letter of complaint to the BBC. The letter resulted in an apology from the BBC along with a withdrawal of any future comedy sketches featuring Holmes. Both the complaint itself and the outcome of Holmes's legal action drew generally unfavourable criticism from media observers and online commentators.

While presenting This Morning in October 2011, Holmes described singer Jonathan Wilkes as "retarded" on air. He later apologised after complaints and calls for him to be sacked. Holmes said: "I have to say sorry to three or four of you who are upset because I used the word retarded. You seem to have taken it personally or think I am being insulting. I would never want to do that. There is this man who has an autistic child and said I insulted his child. I would never use it in that context. Sorry if that caused you offence".

In October 2011, Holmes provoked criticism by suggesting that a rape victim should take taxis in the future, leading to accusations of victim blaming. A spokeswoman for ITV said: "Eamonn was in no way suggesting that the victim was in any way to blame for this horrific attack. His interview was carried out with the utmost care and compassion and his comments were intended to highlight safety advice."

In 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, Holmes cause controversy by refusing to discount conspiracy theories linking 5G telecommunications masts to COVID-19. He stated: "It's very easy to say it is not true because it suits the state narrative."

Personal life
In 1985, Holmes married his first wife, Gabrielle Holmes, with whom he has three children, Declan, Rebecca and Niall. They separated in 1994, due to Holmes' father's death and Holmes' journalism career taking a toll on their marriage.

On 26 June 2010, Holmes married Ruth Langsford at Elvetham Hall, near Hartley Wintney, Hampshire. Together, they have one son, Jack. The couple sold exclusive rights to report on the wedding ceremony and the reception to Hello! magazine in a deal that saw the publication feature the event over two issues, in July 2010.

In 2006, Holmes was awarded an honorary degree by Queen's University Belfast. He has also received an honorary degree from the University of Staffordshire.

Holmes is a supporter of Manchester United. In December 2005, he opened the eulogies at the funeral of Northern Irish footballer George Best.

Holmes and Langsford are patrons of Dogs Trust. and the couple adopted their dog, Maggie from the charity in 2011. In 2014, the couple supported the Dementia Friends campaign, which is an Alzheimer's Society initiative.

In April 2015, Holmes became a celebrity ambassador for the children's charity, Variety GB. In January 2016, he became a patron of Northern Ireland Kidney Patients' Association. In March 2020, he and Langsford became patrons of The Amy May Trust.

In 2018 the Twitter accounts of both Holmes and Louis Theroux were targeted by Insinia Security to highlight a longstanding security flaw in Twitter's system.

On 26 October 2021, Holmes said that he had tested positive for COVID-19; he was fully vaccinated.

In October 2022, whilst at home, Holmes suffered a fall. This resulted in a broken bone which, as he described, was "sticking out of his shoulder". He was told to take four months off from his work as a presenter at the breakfast show on GB News. He returned to work at GB News in February 2023.

In May 2024, Holmes and Langsford announced their plans to divorce after 14 years of marriage.

Filmography

 * Television
 * Film

 * Radio

Awards and honours
Holmes was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) for services to broadcasting in the 2018 New Year Honours. He collected his OBE from Queen Elizabeth II on 1 June 2018.

title: Eamonn Holmes


text:
Shaun Sutton

Shaun Alfred Graham Sutton (14 October 1919 in Hammersmith, London – 14 May 2004 in Norfolk) was an English television writer, director, producer and executive, who worked in the medium for nearly forty years from the 1950s to the 1990s. His most important role was as the Head of Drama at BBC Television from the late 1960s until 1981, a role he occupied for longer than anyone else.

Early life
Sutton's father, Graham Sutton, was a theatre critic and novelist as well as being a teacher at Latymer Upper School, where Sutton himself was educated. His mother was an actress, and Sutton followed in her footsteps by enrolling in drama school after leaving Latymer. However, the coming of the Second World War interrupted his career and he joined the Royal Navy, seeing action in the Mediterranean and attaining the rank of lieutenant.

Following the end of the war, Sutton returned to the theatre, but increasingly moved toward writing and producing rather than acting, apparently on the advice of his mother. Later in life, he would claim that this advice had saved him from becoming "an ageing, mediocre actor". In the late 1940s he met the actress Barbara Leslie, to whom he was married until his death. He had four children – one boy and three girls.

Television career
Sutton moved into television, the medium with which he was to become most closely associated, in 1952, joining the staff of the BBC's drama department. He found particular success in children's serials, writing and directing the likes of Queen's Champion (1958) and Bonehead (1960). In 1963, the new Head of Drama at the BBC, Sydney Newman, offered Sutton the job of being the first producer for the new science-fiction series Doctor Who, but Sutton declined.

One of his reasons for declining the role was that by this stage Sutton was beginning to make a name for himself in more adult drama series, directing several early episodes of the police drama Z-Cars from 1962. He worked as a director on other drama series such as The Last Man Out, The Troubleshooters and the Z-Cars spin-off Softly, Softly until 1966, when he moved into the upper echelons of the drama department by succeeding Gerald Savory as Head of Serials.

In this position, Sutton commissioned and oversaw some of the most prestigious of all BBC drama productions of the era, including in 1967 the epic twenty-six episode adaptation of John Galsworthy's The Forsyte Saga, among the most successful BBC drama productions of all time. After Sydney Newman left the BBC at the end of 1967, Sutton was appointed to succeed him as overall Head of Drama, initially on an acting basis combined with his Head of Serials role, and then from 1969 on a permanent basis.

He was to occupy the position for the next twelve years, until 1981, overseeing the entirety of the BBC's 1970s drama output. This era is commonly held to be one of the most successful in all BBC drama, described by The Guardian in their obituary of Sutton as being when "the golden age of television drama reached its zenith". Or in the words of the Royal Television Society in their obituary, "Unmatched by any other television organisation, BBC Television drama, under Shaun, offered in its schedules every shape, style and form of drama. It was a theatrical spectrum of extraordinary width and choice".

Sutton's reign saw success in many different styles and genres – there were continuing long-running successful and popular series such as Z-Cars and Doctor Who; the eclectic mix of styles and stories in the much-praised anthology strand Play for Today; and prestige serials such as The Six Wives of Henry VIII (1970), I, Claudius (1976) and Dennis Potter's Pennies From Heaven (1978). There were also low points, such as the embarrassing failure of Churchill's People (1974), a twenty-six part series based on Winston Churchill's A History of the English Speaking Peoples. Sutton deemed the production to be unbroadcastable upon seeing the result, but so much time, money and effort had been spent on making and publicising the series that he was left with little choice in the matter. There were also controversies surrounding the 'banning' by his superiors, against Sutton's wishes, of two entries into the Play for Today strand, Dennis Potter's Brimstone and Treacle in 1976 and Roy Minton's Scum in 1978.

Nonetheless, Sutton himself was seen as having been a great success in his role, and when he finally departed in 1981 he was not short of further work in the department. He returned to front-line producing duties, taking over the BBC's The Complete Dramatic Works of William Shakespeare series, which had been initiated by producer Cedric Messina under Sutton's aegis in the late 1970s. Sutton produced all of the remaining works between 1982 and 1986, some thirteen plays in all, including some of the less frequently performed plays.

He continued to work as a producer following the end of this run and into the late 1980s, mostly of theatrical adaptations for BBC2. His final work was as the producer of an adaptation of Mary Stewart's novel The Crystal Cave in 1991, after which he retired to the country cottage in Norfolk which he and his wife had bought in 1970.

Honours and private life
Sutton was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE), for his services to broadcasting, in 1979. In 1982, he published a book, The Largest Theatre in the World, about his experiences of working in the drama department of the BBC.

Married to Barbara Leslie from 1948 until his death, they had four children, all of whom survived him. He died following a short illness in May 2004.

title: Shaun Sutton


text:
Talk:J. D. McDuffie

Untitled
I'm looking for historic info on one of his former sponsors, Medford Speed. Can't find anything online at all. --JAYMEDINC 17:14, 26 December 2006 (UTC)

I think this page could use a picture.--gordonrox24 (talk) 22:31, 20 May 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:J. D. McDuffie


text:
Lille 2 University of Health and Law

The Lille 2 University of Health and Law (Université Lille 2 : Droit et Santé) was a French university for health, sports, management and law. It was located in Lille and was part of the Community of Universities and Institutions (COMUE) Lille Nord de France.

The University of Lille II inherits from the Faculty of Law established as the Université de Douai in 1559. After, sciences and technologies are taught in an independent campus of Université de Lille I - USTL, while literature and social sciences are taught as part of the independent campus of Université de Lille III - Charles de Gaulle. Altogether, the universities of Lille include more than 90,000 students and are the core parts of the European Doctoral College Lille-Nord-Pas de Calais that includes 3,000 PhD Doctorate students supported by university research laboratories.

Henri Warembourg was president of this university. His son, Nicolas Warembourg, is professor of law in Sorbonne.

Since 1970, the main campus of University de Lille II in situated in Ronchin, in the southern part of Lille.

It includes
 * 24,000 students
 * 1,050 faculty members and 830 staff
 * 50 research labs, associated to the European Doctoral College Lille Nord-Pas de Calais
 * 250 courses towards nationally accredited degrees and 170 courses towards university diploma.

At the beginning of 2018, the three universities of Lille (Lille 1, Lille 2, Lille 3) merged to form the University of Lille.

List of Institutes

 * Institut Universitaire de Technologie (I.U.T.) undergraduate courses
 * Institut Universitaire Professionnel Management de la Distribution (I.M.D.)
 * Ecole Supérieure des Affaires (E.S.A.)

ESA – Business Management School
ESA – Ecole Supérieure des Affaires is the Business management school of Université de Lille II and its curriculum relates to business administration, finance and banking management. It includes the following degrees delivered by University of Lille II :
 * Licence degree
 * Master's degree in Management & Business Administration (i.e. Master 'Sciences de Gestion - Administration des Affaires' M1+M2) with 5 elective mentions :
 * Banking
 * Accounting & audit
 * Finance
 * Business administration and entrepreneurship
 * Marketing
 * Doctorate.

ESA – Business Management School
A double degree courses is established for selected graduate students from other schools, including the Master (M2) in Management & Business Administration as an elective part of their curriculum :
 * Banking & Finance advanced program targeting engineer students from Ecole Centrale de Lille,
 * Banking & Finance advanced program targeting finance students from Skema Business School,
 * Patrimonial management programme targeting students from ISA Lille.

Law faculties

 * Faculté des Sciences Juridiques, Politiques et Sociales
 * IEP Sciences-Po Lille Institut d'Etudes Politiques (I.E.P.) Sciences Po Lille
 * Institut de préparation à l'Administration Générale (I.P.A.G.)
 * Institut des Sciences du Travail (I.S.T.)
 * Institut de la Construction, de l'Environnement et de l'Urbanisme (I.C.E.U.)
 * Institut d'Etudes Judiciaires (I.E.J.)
 * Institut de Criminologie
 * Centre Universitaire de Cambrai
 * Ecole Doctorale des Sciences Juridiques, Politiques Economiques et de Gestion

Health faculties

 * Faculté de Médecine Henri Warembourg
 * Ecole Doctorale de Biologie Santé
 * Institut de Médecine Légale (I.M.L.)
 * Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques
 * Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire
 * Institut Lillois d'Ingénierie de la Santé (I.L.I.S.)
 * Institut de Chimie Pharmaceutique Albert Lespagnol (I.C.P.A.L.)
 * Institut d'Orthophonie "Gabriel Decroix"

Sports faculty

 * Faculté des Sciences du Sport et de l'Education Physique

Doctoral college

 * European Doctoral College Lille Nord-Pas de Calais

Points of interest

 * Jardin botanique de la Faculté de Pharmacie, a botanical garden

Notable people

 * Éric Dupond-Moretti (born 20 April 1961), a French-Italian criminal defence lawyer and politician serving as Minister of Justice since 2020. He studied law at Lille 2 University.
 * Daniel Vincent (1874 - 1946), French politician who studied at Lille 2. He was a deputy from 1910 to 1927, then a senator from 1927 to 1941. During World War I (1914–18), he served as an aviator, then as under secretary of state for Aviation. He tried to make the aircraft industry more effective in delivering planes of sufficient quality and numbers. As Minister of Labor in 1921–22 he introduced France's first social insurance bill. He also served in various cabinets as Minister of Education, Minister of Commerce and Minister of Public Works.
 * René Cassin, Nobel prize winner (1887 - 1976), a professor at the University of Lille 2 from 1920 to 1929.
 * Guy Debeyre (1911 - 1998), a French academic, professor of private law at the University of Lille 2. He was rector of the Academy of Lille for 17 years, then deputy mayor of Lille.
 * Angela Behelle (b.1971), novelist. She studied law at Lille 2 University.
 * Frédéric Nihous (b.1967), politician. He studied law at Lille 2 University.
 * Iris Mittenaere (b.1993), model, television host and Miss Universe 2016. She studied dentistry at the University of Lille 2

title: Lille 2 University of Health and Law


text:
Peder Oxe

Peder Oxe (Peder Oxe til Nielstrup; 7 January 1520 – 24 October 1575) was a Danish finance minister and Steward of the Realm.

Background
At the age of twelve he was sent abroad to complete his education, and resided at the principal universities of Germany, the Netherlands, France, Italy, and Switzerland for seventeen years. On his return he found both his parents dead, and was appointed the guardian of his eleven young brothers and sisters, in which capacity, profiting by the spoliation of the church, he accumulated immense riches.

Career
His extraordinary financial abilities and pronounced political capacity soon found ample scope in public life. In 1552 he was raised to the dignity of Rigsraad (councillor of state); in 1554 he successfully accomplished his first diplomatic mission, by adjusting the differences between the elector of Saxony and Joachim II Hector, Elector of Brandenburg. The same year he held the post of governor of Copenhagen and shared with Byrge Trolle the control of the treasury.

A few years later he incurred the royal disfavour in the administration of public property. In the spring of 1557, Oxe and the king quarrelled over a mutual property exchange. Failing to compromise matters with the king, Oxe fled to Germany in 1558 and engaged in political intrigues with the adventurer Wilhelm von Grumbach for the purpose of dethroning Frederick II in favor of Christina of Lorraine, the daughter of Christian II. But the financial difficulties of Frederick II during the stress of the Northern Seven Years' War compelled him, in 1566, to recall the great financier, when his confiscated estates were restored to him and he was reinstated in all his offices and dignities.

A change for the better immediately ensued. The finances were speedily put on an excellent footing, means were provided for carrying on the war to a successful issue (one of the chief expedients being the raising of the Sound Dues) and on the conclusion of peace, Oxe, as lord treasurer, not only reduced the national debt considerably, but redeemed a large portion of the alienated crown-lands. He reformed the coinage, developed trade and commerce and introduced numerous agricultural reforms, especially on his own estates, which he was never weary of enlarging, so that on his death he was the wealthiest landowner in Denmark.

Oxe died on 24 October 1575, after contributing more than any other statesman of his day to raise Denmark-Norway, for a brief period, to the rank of a great power in Europe.

title: Peder Oxe


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Talk:William of Orange (disambiguation)

As there is alrady a long conversation about this on Talk:William of Orange the Poll will take place on the Talk:William of Orange page. Philip Baird Shearer 00:19, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

The move request has been granted by admin, see Talk:William of Orange

title: Talk:William of Orange (disambiguation)


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Category:Alumni of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge

See also Category:Fellows of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge.


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Habiba

Habiba (Arabic: حَبِيْبَه, ḥabībah), alternatively Habibah and Habeeba , is a female given name of Arabic origin meaning beloved, sweetheart, or lover, stemming from the male name Habib. Habiba or Habibah may refer to:

People

 * Habiba of Valencia (also known as Thoma; died 1127), Arab Andalusian scholar
 * Habiba bint Jahsh, a companion of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad
 * Habiba Mohamed Ahmed Alymohmed (born 1999), Egyptian squash player
 * Habiba Zehi Ben Romdhane (born 1950), Tunisian minister
 * Habiba Bouhamed Chaabouni, Tunisian Professor of Medical Genetics
 * Habiba Dembélé, Ivorian journalist
 * Habiba Djahnine (born 1968), Algerian film producer
 * Habiba Ghribi (born 1984), Tunisian athlete
 * Habiba Nosheen (born 1982), Pakistani-Canadian journalist
 * Habiba Ahmed Abd Elaziz Ramadan (1986–2013), Egyptian journalist and activist
 * Habiba Sarābi (born 1956), Afghan physician
 * Habibah binte Ubayd-Allah, a companion of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad
 * Habibah bint Kharijah ibn Zayd ibn Abi Zuhayr, wife of Abu Bakr, the first Muslim Caliph following Muhammad's death
 * Umm Habiba (or Ramla bint Abi Sufyan; c.594–666), a wife of Muhammad

Other uses

 * Hassan and Habibah, British television presenters
 * Habibas Islands, located just north of the Algerian coast

title: Habiba


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Category:Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge

Alumni of King's Hall and Michaelhouse, the predecessor colleges of Trinity, are included in sub-categories. See also Category:Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge.


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Talk:Hickory Motor Speedway

Feature article on the track:. Recury 23:20, 3 January 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hickory Motor Speedway


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Category:Alumni of Trinity Hall, Cambridge

See also Category:Fellows of Trinity Hall, Cambridge.