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Sequence (musical form)

A sequence (Latin: sequentia, plural: sequentiae) is a chant or hymn sung or recited during the liturgical celebration of the Eucharist for many Christian denominations, before the proclamation of the Gospel. By the time of the Council of Trent (1543–1563) there were sequences for many feasts in the Church's year.

The sequence had always been sung directly before the Gospel, after the Alleluia. The 2002 edition of the General Instruction of the Roman Missal, however, reversed the order and places the sequence before the Alleluia.

The form of this chant inspired a genre of Latin poetry written in a non-classical metre, often on a sacred Christian subject, which is also called a sequence.

The Latin sequence in literature and liturgy
The Latin sequence has its beginnings, as an artistic form, in early Christian hymns such as the Vexilla Regis of Venantius Fortunatus. Venantius modified the classical metres based on syllable quantity to an accentual metre more easily suitable to be chanted to music in Christian worship. In the ninth century, Hrabanus Maurus also moved away from classical metres to produce Christian hymns such as Veni Creator Spiritus.

The name sequentia, on the other hand, came to be bestowed upon these hymns as a result of the works of Notker Balbulus, who popularized the genre in the ninth century by publishing a collection of sequentiae in his Liber Hymnorum. Since early sequences were written in rhythmical prose, they were also called proses (Latin: prosae).

Notker's texts were meant to be sung. In the Latin Mass of the Middle Ages, it became customary to prolong the last syllable of the Alleluia, while the deacon was ascending from the altar to the ambo, to sing or chant the Gospel. This prolonged melisma was called the jubilus, jubilatio, or laudes, because of its jubilant tone. It was also called sequentia, "sequence," because it followed (Latin: sequi) the Alleluia. Notker set words to this melisma in rhythmic prose for chanting as a trope. The name sequence thus came to be applied to these texts; and by extension, to hymns containing rhyme and accentual metre. A collection of sequences was called the Sequentiale.

One well-known sequence, falsely attributed to Notker during the Middle Ages, is the prose text Media vita in morte sumus ("In the midst of life we are in death"), which was translated by Cranmer and became a part of the burial service in the funeral rites of the Anglican Book of Common Prayer. Other well-known sequences include the ninth-century Swan Sequence, Tommaso da Celano's Dies Irae, St. Thomas Aquinas' Pange lingua in praise of the Eucharist, the anonymous medieval hymn Ave maris stella ("Hail, star of the sea!"), and the Marian sequence Stabat Mater by Jacopone da Todi. During the Middle Ages, secular or semi-secular sequences, such as Peter of Blois' Olim sudor Herculis ("The labours of Hercules") were written; the Goliards, a group of Latin poets who wrote mostly satirical verse, used the form extensively. The Carmina Burana is a collection of these sequences.

Many sequences abolished
In the Missal of Pius V (1570) the number of sequences for the entire Roman Rite was reduced to four: Victimae paschali laudes (11th century) for Easter, Veni Sancte Spiritus for Pentecost (12th century), Lauda Sion Salvatorem (c.1264) for Corpus Christi, and Dies Irae (13th century) for All Souls and in Masses for the Dead. In 1727, the 13th century Stabat Mater for Our Lady of Sorrows was added to this list. In 1970 the Dies Irae was removed from the Requiem Mass of the revised, new Roman Missal and was transferred to the Liturgy of the Hours to be sung ad libitum in the 34th week of the Ordinary Time before the beginning of Advent, dividing into three parts: Office of Readings, Lauds and Vespers. Currently, the Dies Irae is sung in churches where the Tridentine Mass is celebrated. The Christmas sequence Laetabundus, not present in the Roman Missal, is found in the Dominican Missal. This sequence is permitted for the Third Mass of Christmas, the Epiphany, and Candlemas. The Third Edition of the Roman Missal, which was implemented in the United States in 2010, states that the Sequence is optional except on Easter Sunday and Pentecost Day, and it sung before the Alleluia.

The sequence as a musical genre
Sequences are distinguished by a structure dominated by couplets, in forms of AA'BB'CC'... and ABB'CC'DD'...Z. Although it is commonly understood that sequences fall into early, middle, and late periods, the history of developments in the genre is better thought of as unfolding in layers that overlap. In the early period, sequences such as Notker's often included single lines that were not part of a couplet. These single lines most often appeared at the beginning or end of the sequence, but could also appear in the middle. Sequences from the middle period, starting around the 11th century, such as the sequence for the Mass of Easter Day, Victimae paschali laudes, are less likely to have single lines outside of couplets, and their couplets are more likely to rhyme. By the 12th century, later sequences, such as the sequence for Pentecost, Veni Sancte Spiritus, showed increasing regularity of structure, with rhyming couplets throughout.

Medieval sequences are usually modal melodies. While primarily syllabic, sequences can occasionally have short neumatic moments, but they almost never contain melismas. The two verses of each couplet are sung to the same musical line, usually ending on a tonally stabilizing pitch, with variety being created by couplets of different lengths and with different musical arches. Although sequences are vocal and monophonic, certain sequence texts suggest possible vocal harmonization in organum or instrumental accompaniment.

The composition of sequences became less frequent when Humanist Latin replaced medieval Latin as the preferred literary style in Latin. New sequences continued to be written in Latin; one of the best known later sequences is the Christmas carol Adeste Fideles, known in English as "O Come, All Ye Faithful".

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Talk:Orland, Indiana

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The Parker House
The Parker House was built after the Civil War and therefore, could not have been a stop on the Underground Railroad. The property was a wedding gift from Cyrus G. Luce (who would later become Governor of Michigan) to his daughter, Elmira J. Luce, and his son-in-law, John G. Parker, who then built the house. They were married in December 1870, AFTER the Civil War. John and Elmira had four children, the youngest a daughter, Florence Belle, was my great-grandmother. 66.214.72.30 (talk) 23:43, 29 June 2024 (UTC)

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Talk:Hudson, Indiana

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User talk:7 of 9

Resedent Evil

Resedent Evil (remake)

Resedent Evil Zero

"METAL GEAR SOLID 2 SONS OF LIBIRTY" listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has identified a potential problem with the redirect METAL GEAR SOLID 2 SONS OF LIBIRTY and has thus listed it for discussion. This discussion will occur at until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. Dominicmgm (talk) 14:14, 11 December 2022 (UTC)

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Talk:Carlisle, Indiana

Demographic include Prison Populatio?
Maybe it has changed since I lived there, but as far is I know the regular free population in overwhelimingly white. My guess is they included the prison population, which skews the statistics. 71.114.190.5 (talk) 00:23, 21 June 2008 (UTC)
 * That is what has happened. Griffinofwales (talk) 15:12, 17 July 2010 (UTC)

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Any known reasons for the population decline?
It's not noted in the article, so I thought I'd bring it up. Thanks. Psx1337 (talk) 14:22, 8 December 2021 (UTC) Chris

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Talk:Dugger, Indiana

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 23:06, 24 May 2022 (UTC)
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Talk:Farmersburg, Indiana

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Talk:Hymera, Indiana

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User:Tormod K

Tormod K is a brilliant webdesigner from Tromsø, Norway. ;)

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Talk:Debra Jo Rupp

23 August 2005
-- Why did you revert my edits? How can we have an article about her without mentioning that she's hot? It's like the elephant in the room. It's fine if you don't feel it yourself, but it's an important fact about her that many people do. Attractor 15:59, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Saying she's sexy and has quirky sex appeal is your opinion, but not mine, so it is neither fact nor neutral. Please read the Neutral point of view policy to understand where I'm coming from. Mike H (Talking is hot) 16:13, August 23, 2005 (UTC)

-- On Wikipedia there is a category called sex symbols because somebody thinks it is fact and neutral that those people are attractive to many people. I don't know what kind of standard of evidence they use there. How about distinctive if you don't like quirky? And can you disagree that she has a womanly figure? How about using her own words "capon-chicken body"? People watch the show to watch her. Attractor 17:06, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

-- From the category sex symbols: In Marylin Monroe: "Sizzling screen presence, stunning good looks ..." In Patrick Swayze: "Dreamy good looks suggest a tough tenderness" In Angelina Jolie: "exotic looks, full lips ..."

Google for "good looks site:en.wikipedia.org": In Rock Hudson: "... famous for his rugged good looks." In Mark Goddard: "Mark's good looks and charisma were hard to resist..." In Blunsdon United: "Due to his good looks, ..." In Bing Crosby: "Bing wooed fans with a sensuous voice, wit, and good looks." In Montgomery Clift: "Clift was also famous for his stunning good looks and intense, penetrating eyes."

Google for "extraordinary beauty site:en.wikipedia.org": In Shobhana: "Shobhana's skilled execution of dance movements and her extraordinary beauty ..." In Elizabeth of Russia: "... delighted every one by her extraordinary beauty and vivacity" In Elise Neal: "... noted for her extraordinary beauty."

Google for "striking beauty site:en.wikipedia.org": In Alice Roosevelt Longworth: "A striking beauty, ..." In Diamond Bessie: "... abundance of attention from men resulting from her striking beauty ..." In Carolina, Baroness Nairne: "... her striking beauty and pleasing manners earned her ..."

There are many more of these. Attractor 18:06, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I'd be more than welcome to use a description that Rupp used herself, as long as it's accompanied by a source. Mike H (Talking is hot) 17:48, August 23, 2005 (UTC)

-- From http://www.nndb.com/people/192/000049045/: Since 1998, she has played Kitty Forman, the harried but loving wife of Kurtwood Smith and mother of Topher Grace on That '70s Show. With her distinctive nasally voice, an unmistakable, infectious laugh, and her maternal yet sexy presence, she was made for the role. The Boston Herald named Rupp as "Best Sitcom Mom" on television. "In 1977, I looked like a capon chicken dressed up in denim jumpsuits, and now I finally get on a series that airs longer than six episodes, and I still look like a capon chicken dressed up in denim jumpsuits!" from http://www.superseventies.com/that70sshow.html: Kitty's patterned polyester frocks are "hateful," Rupp says, but more are in store for the second season. "I'm happy the series will be hanging around, but I have this little capon-chicken body, and the '70s were definitely not my period." - USA TODAY, 3/12/99.

Attractor 19:06, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

movie roles
i'm quite certain she played an office manager/supervisor in the movie "clockwatchers." she's not mentioned in that movie's wiki-article though. —Preceding unsigned comment added by User: (talk • contribs)

Family Guy?! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.108.171.143 (talk) 14:05, 17 March 2014 (UTC)

Good Article Nomination
I have nominated this article for a "Good Article" rating, instead of "Start Class." I have spent a great deal of time fixing this biography, researching Rupp's filmography and stage credits, and adding source citations. Some of the external links are to subscriber-only databases, but I still feel that this now deserves Good Article status. nycdi (talk) 11:36, 23 February 2008 (UTC)

GA review
comedienne In summary, the article requires a general overview in the lead, no citation needed tags, not to change subject with every sentence, and fix the one sentence paragraphs. M3tal H3ad (talk) 10:30, 24 February 2008 (UTC)
 * The lead does not summarize the article, it includes nothing on her career/personal life/ early life and needs to be expanded to 1-2 paragraphs.
 * Poorly written, Early life has no flow and starts with something completely different each sentence
 * New York Times - italics for publications
 * lots of [citation needed] tags
 * Why link television so much?
 * Rupp returned to New York City for a run in the theater - a run in the theater?
 * no spaces between references like [1] [2] [3]
 * When she first left Massachusetts and headed to New York City, her mother made her promise never to wait tables - when did she leave? what is this sentence about?
 * and kicked smoking for good is not encyclopedia language.
 * one sentence paragraphs should be merged/removed expanded.

Another languge
I speak Hebrew,so im thinking About adding thuis article to the hebrew wikipedia. thank you,

82.81.128.94 (talk) 19:39, 23 July 2009 (UTC)

Neutrality issues
I've done some cleanup on this article, but it's still laced with POV, and presents the actress in an exaggeratedly favorable light. Only favorable reviews are presented, and all her roles (presented in excessive detail, with lots of associated namedropping) are presented as significant accomplishments. Neads even more serious trimming. Hullaballoo Wolfowitz (talk) 15:09, 29 August 2009 (UTC)

Pictures?
How can there be no pictures of her for this page? Terrible.

I think it would also be awesome to dig up a picture from her earlier Broadway days, as she was really, really hot before she became known as playing "motherly" figures. DFS (talk) 07:26, 2 September 2011 (UTC)
 * If you are aware of any free (not copyrighted) photos of Rupp, feel free to add them. - Sum mer PhD  (talk) 16:09, 2 September 2011 (UTC)

 * Could a cropped version of https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Debra_Jo_Rupp_%2840443370043%29.jpg be used? GoingBatty (talk) 21:27, 1 January 2020 (UTC)

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Last name pronunciation
I had a teacher with the same last name, and the name was rhymed with "up". Is that how it is in her case? Or is it pronounced "Roop"? Dakman111 (talk) 21:37, 8 November 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Debra Jo Rupp


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Paula Duncan

Paula Margaret Duncan (born 15 September 1952) is an Australian actress.

Her numerous television roles include playing in Number 96 as Carol Finlayson (1974-1975), The Young Doctors (1976–77), as Nurse Lisa Brooks, Cop Shop as Detective Danni Francis (1977–83), for which she twice won the Logie Award for Most Popular Actress, Prisoner as Lorelei Wilkinson (1986),  Richmond Hill as Janet Bryant (1988), Home and Away as Bridget Jackson (1990) and Neighbours (2011). Other notable roles include Paradise Beach and Breakers.

Duncan's older sister was stage and screen actress and activist Carmen Duncan.

Career
Duncan was born in Cooma, New South Wales, Duncan has played several leading roles in various TV series. Early roles were Carol Finlayson in Number 96 (her sister Carmen Duncan had previously acted in this serial), followed by Lisa Brooks in The Young Doctors. She left The Young Doctors to take the role of Danni Francis in Cop Shop, and stayed in the role for the series' entire 1977–1984 run. After Cop Shop ended she played Lorelei Wilkinson in Prisoner in 1986, then was Janet Bryant in Richmond Hill (1988) for its entire run, Bridget Jackson in Home and Away, and Joan Hayden in Paradise Beach.

In 2011 Duncan joined the cast of Neighbours as Carolyn Johnstone, a love interest for Harold Bishop (Ian Smith). Duncan previously appeared in the show as Amy Medway in 1985.

Advertising
Duncan is well known to Australian audiences through her work on television commercials, especially humorous commercials for the Ajax household cleaner Spray N' Wipe, from 1988 to 2010.

She has also made guest appearances on the NRL Footy Show on Network Nine.

Personal life
Duncan married actor John Orcsik in June 1982 after they met acting together in Cop Shop. They opened acting school, The Australian Film & Television Academy (TAFTA) together on the Gold Coast in 1994. They divorced in 1998. They have since worked together in the show Paradise Beach and elsewhere.

title: Paula Duncan


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/BioIntelligence Age

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. --Ryan Delaney talk 15:24, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

BioIntelligence Age
Neologism/original research/spam. - choster 16:00, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per nominator Lullabye Muse 16:28, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, looks like a neologism to me. --IByte 16:45, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per submitter. --GraemeL (talk) 16:53, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment isn't it a copyvio from here? I'm not hot on copyvios, so don't know. Alf 19:51, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I reckon so. Googling that definition at the bottom of the webpage produces only a single hit which is that page. I will tag it and bag it. -Splash 22:45, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Multiple Designers Theory

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The result of the debate was Delete. R e  dwolf24  (talk) 01:45, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

Multiple Designers Theory
160 google hits suggests a literal neologism. Article is in such poorshape its impossible to tell if it could have merit in the future. At best, should be merged with Intelligent Design Tznkai 16:00, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. The theorist mentioned in the article seems somewhat notable. 230 google hits on exact phrase "Richard B. Hoppe" with term "wikipedia" filtered out. --goethean ॐ 16:57, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nominator. Marskell 17:00, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak keep. This is a commonly discussed concept (using this exact name, and the abbreviation of MDT) among those at the ARN forums (an ID website).  Unsurprisingly, it is ignored by those who espouse Intelligent Design because it is counter to their creationist viewpoint.  As such, it is something I am familiar with on a day-to-day basis.  Whether it is applicable as an article on Wikipedia is perhaps more debateable.  Its principal application is potentially in diagnosing multiple authors for documents (which may include programming code).  From this it should be translatable into a useful tool for those interested in researching ID.  Noisy | Talk 17:58, August 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep per Noisy. --goethean ॐ 20:14, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Let me make this clear.  This is not a theory as in scientific theory.  No research into intelligent design creationism has ever been done, and nor will there be, because there is no evidence to support it.  Now, if it were really about identifing authors of documents from their style of writing, I would consider.  As it is, it's unreferenced pseudo-philosophical bollocks. Dunc|☺ 20:37, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Update - Noisy has rewritten the article, although a good summary, IMHO it just shows up its major deficiency - it is simply not notable. It is not recognised as science, philosophy or theology by those academic communites or found favour as a popular religious belief.  The idea I think can be better discussed as a short sentence or two in intelligent designer. Dunc|☺ 15:29, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete MDT is a clever approach to pointing out some of the flaws in ID, a combination of reductio ad absurdum and parody.  However, I don't see that it deserves an article of its own in Wikipedia.  It might deserve a mention in Intelligent Design, though. --Macrakis 22:12, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per Dunc. The comment about it being popular on a webforum is the strongest possible evidence of neologicity. -Splash 22:43, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete; Evil foul smelling pseudoscience without references | Celcius 00:07, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. I have expanded the article (for what it's worth).  Dunc and Splash fail to understand where MDT is coming from, so hopefully this will clarify.  My defence of the topic still remains weak.  Noisy | Talk 11:08, August 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Talk:Patriot, Indiana

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title: Talk:Patriot, Indiana


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Talk:Vevay, Indiana

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title: Talk:Vevay, Indiana


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Wikipedia talk:Barnstar and award proposals/Archive8

Too much red tape for my taste. Award the medal for edits, not to an editor, but then place it on a user (talk) page? You've lost me. Elect a panel of judges? People (or edits) are nominated? Discussion would involve the whole community? That has bears the danger of resulting in a not-so-pleasant publicity contest and lots of controversy in close cases. No thanks. I'm not here to win awards, but to help write an encyclopedia. Why not just award someone you think is doing a good job a barnstar? Or mention it at Great editing in progress? Lupo 16:03, August 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * What does this proposal add that Barnstars on Wikipedia doesn't do already? -- ALoan (Talk) 16:46, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I have clarified some, though not all, of these issues on the project page. - Jakew 19:04, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

Reservations
I support the concept of rewarding Wikipedians for good work. I agree that we don't do enough of that. I think that WikiMedals are a fine concept, as long as they are understood to be the work of one group of interested editors.

However, making these awards "official" is IMO not a good idea, because:
 * it might create a climate of competitiveness and backbiting, neither of which are helpful to the project.
 * as an open community, we must keep officialdom to a minimom. We already have official ways of recognizing good editing work (WP:FAC) and good personal conduct (WP:RfA).

If we want to start a WikiMedals project, then all right, let's make it happen. No need for the community as a whole to become involved, even if that was a possibility.

For this reason I don't think the straw poll is necessary, although I respect the desire to gauge community sentiment -- WP:NOT a democracy and this:NOT a policy proposal. We might better gauge community support by starting a signup list. Who is willing to commit their time to this idea?-- Visviva 03:55, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure I agree that competitiveness is a bad thing for the project. I would think that the opposite is true: provided that cooperation is not undermined, competition to perform better edits can only help the project.
 * I share some of your concern about backbiting, but I think that this can be managed and problems resolved easily. I don't think it is a major concern.
 * As for officialdom, I don't think there's reason to be concerned. In no way can this proposal stop anyone from doing anything. It just serves as an open positive feedback mechanism created (or not) by community consensus. I see WP:FAC as recognition of articles, rather than individual edits, so I think that it is complementary. WP:RfA does not exist to assess good conduct, only bad.
 * As for signup, good idea. Be bold: add it, but please do so in addition to the existing vote. Need to state what people are signing up for. - Jakew 12:38, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

I totally agree that there should be more recognition for good work, but I'd worry about a discussion involving the entire community. It just seems like a discussion would involve a certain amount of criticism of individual editors which we have enough of I think. A more formal definition of a smaller group of Barnstars that can be awarded by individual editors would be a more positive experience for the community as a whole. I think all we need is a renewed effort to award Barnstars. But I'm not gonna vote against it because we absolutely do need more positive reinforcement. My 2 cents worth. Rx StrangeLove 00:50, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

I have a proposition myself, a modification of this medal stuff. Let say, a controversial subject, there are a lot of debates in the talk pages to finally have a neutral article..., if a controversial article get neutral and factual after intense discussions between the two sides, those that were able to present their arguments in a civil Wiki way, and obtain a consensus. those get a group award. It could be voted by the community. In controversial subjects, people will be ready to compromise, to as a group get a distinction to work in the community. It could be called something like the WikiCup, and could be given to the same group for the same article more than once. It will encourage people to work in group and compromise and be civil with each others. Fadix 19:36, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Like it. Since you see it being granted by a group, perhaps "WikiMedal for Collaborative Editing" is a good name. Or perhaps not. ;-) - Jakew 19:47, August 29, 2005 (UTC)

Wikimedal for collaborative editing?
Granted to a group or from a group? De ryc k C.  06:57, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Both would be my preference. - Jakew 10:13, August 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * "We, the people editing American Idol constellation of articles have noticed the wonderful work of those involved with Dynasties in Chinese history and would like to commend you for it"? It'd be cool, I grant you, but I don't see it happening unless one of the groups is specifically created for handing out praise. --fvw *  11:36, August 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * Re: Jake... wow... to a group... what a good proposal... even better if it's a barnstar XD De ryc  k C.  15:22, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I can't take the credit. It's Fadix's idea. But glad you like it. - Jakew 17:20, August 30, 2005 (UTC)

Generally I don't like awards, I find it against the Wiki spirit, but awarding to a group of people for their collective work, will force members in a controversial subjects to make compromise and discuss rather than fighting. Fadix 16:15, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

 * What about calling it the Wikipedias Arafat-Rabin award? :b - Fadix (sig added by Jakew)
 * LOL. Personally I like it. But possibly a little provocative... - Jakew 17:20, August 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * Barnstar for collaborative editing should be a better name. De ryc  k C.  17:34, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

About concensus
I think the proposal is not clear. User:Nickptar, my proposal was not clarified to be posted as a proposition, it was recopied and I understand it isen't clear. The way it is written, some could interpret it, that those that get a concesus will get the award, while what I meant was that, even with different positions, people could agree, make concessions and work on an article. The concensus was more of an example... the proposal posted was an example I gave, in a situation that a group of people could be awarded for their work, and the positive result of this work. Fadix 00:22, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Now that I agree with - any group who does good substantial work (like amicably hammering out a difficult consensus) should get a medal. N (t/c) 00:28, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Sorry to take liberties. I felt it was a good idea and worth seeing whether there is support, rather than being buried in the backwaters of a discussion page that not everybody will read. - Jakew 11:17, August 31, 2005 (UTC)

Current proposing system
Why can't we collaborate on ONE idea so that there can be concensus instead of a MUST vote? Currently the multi-proposal system seems disgusting, I think, because 2/3 of finished materials will not go into effect. De ryc k C.  13:41, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Sorry, I don't understand what you mean. - Jakew 14:38, August 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * Is it possible that everybody discuss and collaborate ONE proposal that directly goes into effect, skipping voting, instead of letting 3 proposals fly around? De ryc  k C.  03:24, 1 September 2005 (UTC)


text:
User:Sjharte

I am a Scottish lawyer working in Edinburgh and active in the Metropolitan Community Church. I work part time as a lawyer (mainly in the field of intellectual property and commercial contracts) and study full time at New College, the Divinity School of the University of Edinburgh.

I created the Queer Theology section and hope to continue working with others to develop it further as a useful, focused introduction to this branch of theological study.

title: User:Sjharte


text:
Abraham Nicolas Amelot de la Houssaye

Abraham Nicolas Amelot de la Houssaye (1634–1706) was a French historian and political critic.

Life
He was born at Orléans in February 1634 and died at Paris on 8 December 1706. Little is known of his personal history beyond the fact that he was secretary to an embassy from the French court to the Republic of Venice.

Works
In his Histoire du gouvernement de Venise, he undertook to explain, and above all to criticize, the administration of that republic, and to expose the causes of its decadence. The work was printed by the king's printer and dedicated to Louvois, which suggests that the government did not disapprove of it. It appeared in March 1676 and drew a heated protest from the Venetian ambassador, Marcantonio Giustinian, later the doge of Venice. The author was sent to the Bastille, where he remained for six weeks.

A second edition with a supplement, published immediately after, drew fresh protestations, and the edition was suppressed. This persecution gave the book such notoriety that it passed through twenty-two editions in three years and was translated into several languages; there is an English translation by Lord Falconbridge, son-in-law of Oliver Cromwell. Amelot next published in 1683 a translation of Paolo Sarpi's History of the Council of Trent. This work, and especially certain notes added by the translator, so offended advocates of the unlimited authority of the Pope that three memorials were presented asking for its repression. Under the pseudonym of La Motte Josseval, Amelot later published Discours politique sur Tacite, in which he analysed the character of Tiberius.

A 21st-century interpretation of Amelot's role argues that Amelot, having been jailed for his political criticism expressed in his History of the Government of Venice, turned to annotated editions of classic and renaissance texts in order to continue his critique of the absolutist government of Louis XIV by indirect means. Amelot's versions of Tacitus' account of Tiberius and other sections of the Annales, along with his influential translation of Machiavelli's The Prince, became crucial elements in the development and expansion of critical political analysis during the Ancien Régime. To function under conditions of censorship, Amelot thinly veiled his political views as comments on other writers. In doing so, he exposed the absolutist claims of monarchy to examination by the literate bourgeoisie.

title: Abraham Nicolas Amelot de la Houssaye


text:
Ingebrigt Håker Flaten

Ingebrigt Håker Flaten (born 23 September 1971 in Oppdal, Norway) is a Norwegian bassist active in the jazz and free jazz genres.

Career
Flaten played electric bass in local funk trio Neon (1990), and studied on the Jazz program at Trondheim Music Conservatory (1992–94). He was involved in several groups from the first year at NTNU, including Trondhjems Kunstorkester, To brumbasser og en bi, and the successful group The Source. With the latter Ornette Coleman inspired band he recorded records Olemanns kornett (1994) and "... of Christmas' (1995), toured in northern Europe and had a festival gigs together with such different constellations as Motor Psycho and Cikada Quartet (both in 1995). Already in 1993 he was part of jamkompet at Kongsberg Jazz Festival.

To brumbasser og en bi was later better known as Maria Kannegaard Trio. From 1994 he had a duo with Michael Bloch, and became a member of "Jax" from the same year, including festival gigs in Oslo and Moldejazz. He attended the Bugge Wesseltoft's album New Conception of Jazz (1995–96), and from 1995 he was a member of two successful groups, the Paul Bley inspired trio Close Erase, with recording 1995 1998, 2001 and 2006. He also appeared on tours and festivals, as well as re-release 2010, "R.I.P. Complete Recordings 1995–2007, and the Coltrane inspired quartet Element.

In the winter of 1995–96 Flaten moved to Oslo and this led to many new involvements, like Acidband, SAN: Song (1996), Oslo Groove Company, YoungLove, and not least the super trio with Petter Wettre (1996–), usually just called The Trio: Meet the locals (1998), In color (1999) and Mystery unfolds (2001), Tour de force with Petter Wettre/Dave Liebman (2000). Moreover, his authoritative bass have been listening to records with Sigurd Køhn (1996), Eivind Aarset (1997), Jazzmob (1998), Bugge Wesseltoft's Sharing (1998), Moving (2001) and Live (2000–02), Didrik Ingvaldsen (2000), two albums with the band School Days (2000 and 2001), seven albums with The Thing, a trio with Mats Gustafsson and Paal Nilssen-Love (2001), Live at Blå (2003), Action jazz (2005), Now and forever (2005), Immediate sound with Ken Vandermark (2007) and Bag it! (2008), No Spaghetti Edition (2001) and og Atomic: Feet music (2001), Boom Boom (2002), The Bikini tapes (2004), Happy new ears! (2005), Retrograde (2007–08) and Theater Tilters, vol 1–2 (2010).

New recordings coming, like The Electrics (2002) and The Scorch Trio (with Raoul Björkenheim og Paal Nilssen-Love) 2002 og 2004, Brolt! (2008) and Melaza (2010). In 2003 he released his solo album Double bass, and the same year he participated on the record Bjørn Johansen in memoriam and the fusjon of Atomic and Schooldays released in the album Nuclear assembly hall, followed by Distil (Chicago 2006). A record with Bugge Wesseltoft New Conception of Jazz released in 2004, the same year as he was awarded Vitalprisen at Kongsberg Jazzfestival. In 2011 was published the record My heart always wanders, which he did with Håkon Kornstad and Jon Christensen, from the same year he contributed on the Ola Kvernberg's record Liarbird receiving Spellemannprisen 2011.

Flaten runs the annual Sonic Transmissions Festival, a festival in Austin, TX devoted to hybrid free-jazz forms.

Honors

 * 2004: Kongsberg Jazz Award

Selected projects

 * Atomic
 * Element
 * The Thing
 * Scorch Trio
 * Ingebrigt Håker Flaten Quintet

Major collaborators

 * Ken Vandermark
 * Joe McPhee
 * Paal Nilssen-Love
 * Bugge Wesseltoft
 * Håvard Wiik
 * Ola Kvernberg

Discography

 * Solo albums
 * 2003: Double Bass (Sofa)
 * 2012: Birds - Solo Electric (Tektite Records Co.Operative)
 * 2012: Steel - Live In Bucharest (Tektite Records Co.Operative)

 * With Ingebrigt Håker Flaten Quintet
 * 2006: Quintet(Jazzland Rec/Universal)
 * 2008: The Year Of The Boar (Jazzland Rec/Universal)

title: Ingebrigt Håker Flaten


text:
Talk:Battle Ground, Indiana

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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130911234518/http://factfinder2.census.gov to http://factfinder2.census.gov
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20050909175346/http://postalhistory.com:80/postoffices.asp?task=display&state=IN&county=Tippecanoe to http://www.postalhistory.com/postoffices.asp?task=display&state=IN&county=Tippecanoe
 * Added archive http://www.webcitation.org/6YSasqtfX?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fprod%2Fwww%2Fdecennial.html to http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html

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Penny Smith

Penelope Jane Smith (born 21 September 1958) is an English author, television presenter, newsreader and radio presenter. She has presented for Sky News, GMTV, Classic FM, BBC Radio London, TalkRadio and is a regular contributor to TalkTV launched in April 2022. Smith is a current presenter of the weekday mid-morning show on Scala Radio and her favourite classical composer is Giacomo Puccini.

Early life and education
Smith was born in Eastwood, Nottinghamshire, and grew up in Rutland. She attended Uppingham Primary School in Uppingham and the Rutland High School for Girls (later Rutland College) in Oakham.

Television and radio
Smith began her career as a reporter and feature writer on the Peterborough Evening Telegraph in 1977. After four years, she left to backpack through Central and South America and South East Asia where she reported and presented on a current affairs programme for Radio Television Hong Kong. In 1984 she joined Radio Trent as a reporter/presenter and then worked for Central Television as press officer for documentaries and drama.

After that, Smith co-presented Lookaround, the local evening news for Border Television and in 1987 she joined Thames Television to co-present Thames News with Andrew Gardner. Smith left the station toward the end of 1988 to help launch Sky News in February 1989. In April 1993, she joined GMTV where she stayed until 4 June 2010.

Smith has also presented Crime Net, Crime File and Crime Fighters for Carlton, Crime Monthly and Britain's Most Wanted for LWT, Going for a Song for the BBC and Celebrity for ITV. She also co-presented the 1995 series of The Krypton Factor alongside Gordon Burns. In 2001, she appeared in Jonathan Creek "Satan's Chimney".

In 2006, Smith appeared in the BBC One show Just the Two of Us. She sang with Curtis Stigers and was eliminated on 3 March. She came fourth. She later appeared on Never Mind the Buzzcocks in 2006 and several episodes of Have I Got News for You. She also appeared in Garfield 2 when Garfield was watching television. In February 2009, she appeared on the ITV1 daytime programme Loose Women as a panellist on occasion.

In July 2010, Smith presented BBC Radio 2's Kiri Prize, a nationwide hunt to find an opera star.

Smith has also covered the Friday Night Arts Show on BBC Radio 2 when Claudia Winkleman was away.

From January 2013 to January 2016, Smith co-presented the weekday breakfast show on BBC London 94.9.

Smith joined digital radio station talkRADIO in 2016 presenting her first show on 26 March 2016. She presented the weekend breakfast show until February 2021.

From March 2021, she began presenting the weekday drivetime show on Scala Radio.

GMTV
1993 – 2009

On 19 April 1993, Smith began her career on GMTV as the show's main newsreader, as well as becoming the main presenter of the Reuters News Hour alongside Anne Davies, Matthew Lorenzo and Ross Kelly. In 1998, John Stapleton joined GMTV and then joined Penny as her co-presenter of the Reuters News Hour. In 2000, GMTV rebranded all of their programmes. With the loss of Matt Lorenzo and Ross Kelly, Smith and John Stapleton became the main presenters of the GMTV Newshour, as well as becoming the main newsreaders and relief presenters for GMTV Today.

2009 – 2010

In 2009, GMTV had another relaunch, with all of their programmes rebranding and new studio. This meant that the GMTV Newshour and GMTV Today became GMTV, with Penny and John presenting the first hour of the show. Smith and Stapleton were the first faces and voices of the relaunch. Smith continued to be the main News Reader of GMTV.

On 3 March 2010, it had emerged from Smith's Twitter account that she had decided to leave the programme after 17 years of being the main face of the show. This was said to be part of a cost-cutting exercise by ITV. On 4 June 2010, Smith presented her last show.

Film
Smith appeared briefly as herself in the partially-improvised comedy 1994 film There's No Business..., which starred the comedy duos Raw Sex (Simon Brint and Rowland Rivron) and The Oblivion Boys.

Other work
Smith has written for a number of national newspapers and magazines, including a beauty column for "Femail" in the Daily Mail and articles in Essentials magazine, Good Housekeeping, and Woman and Home.

Smith has produced three yoga videos: Penny Smith's Power Yoga, Penny Smith's Essential Guide to Yoga presented alongside Howard Napper and Penny Smith's Yoga Masterclass.

Personal life
Smith married journalist Tony Birtley on Saturday 12 May 1984 at St Wulfram's Church, Grantham, the reception was held in Colsterworth; the best man was Daily Star reporter George Dearsley. The couple moved to Nassington in north-east Northamptonshire, where they were married for three years; they divorced in 1987. Her parents Graham and Christine, who married in 1955, lived in Colsterworth in the 1980s; her father had an engineering business in Grantham, later moving to Cyprus in the late 1980s.

She counts Rory Bremner and Paul McKenna amongst her ex-boyfriends. Since September 2001, Smith has been in a long term relationship with the actor Vince Leigh.

Smith lives in Notting Hill, West London.

title: Penny Smith


text:
Phenylacetones

Phenylacetones are a group of organic compounds containing a phenyl moiety and an acetone moiety bonded together, the archetypal example being phenylacetone.

Phenylacetones often play a role in the illicit synthesis of amphetamine and its analogues, 3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl-2-propanone (MDP2P) for example being used in the production of 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-ethylamphetamine (MDEA), and other homologues.

title: Phenylacetones


text:
North Prospect

North Prospect, previously officially named and still colloquially known as Swilly, is an area in Plymouth.

Construction and early history
Swilly House was the first council estate built in Plymouth during the 1920s, primarily to accommodate officers settling back in Britain following the devastation of the First World War. The housing act of 1919 promised "Homes for Heroes" and an improvement on the overcrowded and inadequate living conditions that existed in early twentieth century Britain and Swilly was Plymouth's response to this Act.

Swilly House had been at the centre of a prosperous country estate. Much of the former mansion was transferred from Swilly, being reconstructed at a site known as Woodtown on the edge of Dartmoor. The original word may have derived from the Anglo-Saxon word meaning "farmland", but also it may have a Celtic derivation associated to water (refer to the Irish "Lough Swilly" and "River Swilly") as the earliest reference in Plymouth to "Swilly creek" in 1578 pre-dates the subsequent farm.

Before the Second World War much of the locality of what is now North Prospect and the western edge of Beacon Park was known as Swilly. Swilly Post Office was at the corner of South Down Road and West Down Road. Swilly Hospital (later renamed Scott Hospital after Robert Falcon Scott, who lived at the nearby Outland House and was later leader of ill-fated Antarctic Expedition in 1912) was first a sanatorium and later an isolation hospital and was situated at the heart of the estate (the junction of Swilly Road, renamed North Prospect Road, and Beacon Park). Not far from here (at 142 Swilly Road) the first bombs of the Blitz fell. For a time, Ron Goodwin, whose orchestral compositions include 633 Squadron, lived at Swilly Crescent which, having been later renamed North Prospect Crescent, is now known as Goodwin Crescent.

Post-war decline and disrepute
The council estate, designed with plenty of open space and trees, was prosperous up until the 1950s when the area began to get a reputation due to the economic and social problems of its residents. The officer class who originally lived in the area had begun to be superseded by poorer families from the most deprived areas of Plymouth, particularly Devonport, in the 1930s. Due to severe underinvestment by subsequent council administrations, Swilly, its housing stock and the community at large became increasingly vulnerable to criticism and even contempt.

At this point, the name "Swilly" became a derogatory term for any economically deprived residents of Plymouth, and efforts were made initially to apply the name Swilly only to the council estate and later to get rid of the name altogether.

Regeneration
In the 1970s, the name was changed to North Prospect and the area has since seen some urban regeneration. North Prospect consists in many residential streets connected with North Prospect Road where the local shops are located. Its name is still synonymous with economic depression and petty crime in Devon and Cornwall, though the widespread use of ASBOs and a new police station have gone some way to treat the minority who continue to foster the area's negative reputation.

Recent redevelopment
In March 2006, Plymouth City Council announced that it was considering replacing the oldest housing stock on the estate with new housing. An intensive building survey found a good proportion of the houses to suffer from untreatable damp and significant structural problems. A consensus continues to grow that it would be cheaper to replace, rather than simply patch-up, a great many houses on the estate. An investment of over £30 million is needed to improve the estate's housing stock and any large-scale re-development is likely to take many years and much public consultation.

In autumn 2010 Plymouth Community Homes (PCH) selected Barratt Homes as the development partner to redevelop the estate. Barratt Homes demolished the majority of the existing houses and redeveloped the area by building 574 new 'modern energy efficient' homes. In addition to new homes Barratts constructed a community hub named Beacon Community Hub which includes a shop, library (which is run by Plymouth City Council), North Prospect's Sure Start nursery, office space and flats. It also hosts North Prospect Community Choir which launched in November 2016. The hub was completed and opened in early 2014. The overall redevelopment scheme has provided local residents with affordable private homes which buyers were able to take advantage of the government's controversial Help to Buy scheme. A number of the new homes were also made available to Plymouth Community Homes tenants. The scheme is due to be completed in May 2017 and has been selected for numerous awards including the RICS 'Regeneration project of The Year (South West & Wales) Award 2013'.

title: North Prospect


text: User talk:63.73.213.5

title: User talk:63.73.213.5


text:
Talk:Clarks Hill, Indiana

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Talk:Dayton, Indiana

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title: Talk:Dayton, Indiana


text: Talk:Shadeland, Indiana

title: Talk:Shadeland, Indiana


text:
Talk:National Liberation Army (Macedonia)

Operated, not operates
Ushtria Çlirimtare Kombëtare no longer exists. I sincerely do not believe that anyone with a deep knowledge of the Albanian-Macedonian issues thinks that Ushtria Çlirimtare Kombëtare exists today. If you think that it does exist, then please explain why you think that is the case and most importantly provide proof to back your arguments.

If we all agree that Ushtria Çlirimtare Kombëtare no longer exists, we could then slightly modify the article to say that it operated, not operates in Macedonia. In other world, move from the present tense to the past tense.

I look forward to hearing your views. -- Kosovar 16:07, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

I was mystified by that as well........but on a second thought I think it may have been written a while ago.--Ferick 02:54, 28 October 2005 (UTC)

Civilian death
We need exact info and details, same for soldiers on both sides. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 64.107.220.167 (talk • contribs).
 * See the Casulties and displacement in the 2001 Macedonia conflict section I authored yesterday. El_C 07:59, 16 October 2006 (UTC)

NLA is a terrorist organisation
The NLA is recognized as a terrorist organization by the U.S. government, the CIA and MIPT, therefore it is not my POV but that of other third-party governments or government funded organizations. Frightner 19:49, 22 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Present sources please? Mr. Neutron 19:49, 22 July 2007 (UTC)
 * I already redirected you to a source, but for the sake of proving you wrong... again. Here. Memorial Institute for the Prevention of Terrorism is a organization funded by the Department of Homeland Security, just so you don't jump to a conclusion of the source being "nationalistic". Frightner 19:56, 22 July 2007 (UTC)
 * The sources talks about "Albanian National Army" not about "National liberation Army". Get a proper source. Mr. Neutron 20:00, 22 July 2007 (UTC)
 * "The group, which grew out of insurgent Albanian groups that battled Macedonian troops in 2001..." They are obviously remnants of the NLA, what's the difference? Frightner 20:12, 22 July 2007 (UTC)

The group was linked with the Kosovo Liberation Army, another group recognized as a terror organization. Both group are identified as UCK in Albanian. Their logos is practically the same. They both operated in Macedonia. They both fought for a Greater Albania ideology. What more do you want? Frightner 20:18, 22 July 2007 (UTC)
 * I still dont see a link to describe NLA as "terrorist". Mr. Neutron 20:56, 22 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Mr. Neutron has a point. The NLA and KLA were obviously closely related, but we can't just extend the description of the KLA to cover the NLA as well. I don't doubt your assertion that it was designated as a terrorist organisation; however, we do need to have a source for this statement. Where did you get the info from in the first place? Could you provide your source for us to have a look at? -- ChrisO 22:56, 22 July 2007 (UTC)
 * It has been in the 2001 Macedonia conflict article for a while now; "In 2001, the U.S. recognized the NLA as a terrorist organization" and has not been disputed by any ethnic Albanian contributors to the article. Frightner 05:28, 23 July 2007 (UTC)
 * A NATO spokesman, George Robertson called them "murderous thugs" and "terrorists" that had be legitimized as "freedom fighters". "In a strange twist the CIA, NATO, and British Special Forces provided weapons and training to the NLA/KLA terrorists, while at the same time, Germany provided Macedonia's security forces with all-terrain vehicles, advanced weapons, and equipment to protect themselves from NLA/KLA attacks." "Washington's humanitarian efforts for the NLA/KLA suggested its intent to protect the terrorists rather then disarm them." "The KLA-NLA terrorists are funded by US military aid, the United Nations peace-keeping budget, as well as by several Islamic organisations including Osama bin Laden's Al Qaeda." "A major war, supposedly "against international terrorism", has been launched by the Bush Administration. In Macedonia, however, the evidence amply confirms that the Bush Administration (together with NATO) is directly supporting terrorist organisations which have links to Al Qaeda." Frightner 05:40, 23 July 2007 (UTC)
 * That's a fringe website - I don't think it qualifies as a reliable source. I'll see if I can find an alternative source for the assertion. -- ChrisO 07:51, 23 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Which website? Because the first one quotes the NATO representative so technically it's not POV. The second one may be dismissed as I'm not clear on the journalists ethnicity. Frightner 13:08, 23 July 2007 (UTC)
 * He probably means antiwar.com. Maybe get a government or encyclopedia source? Mr. Neutron 14:33, 23 July 2007 (UTC)
 * George Robinson is basically a government source, he is a NATO representative. Let me say that again, NATO representative. Frightner 09:23, 24 July 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:UCK NLA.jpg
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BetacommandBot (talk) 11:19, 21 January 2008 (UTC)

NLA in the Macedonian encyclopedia
The Macedonian encyclopedia written by the Macedonian Academy of arts and Science is to be published in the following days in Macedonia. The first copies that were made public created a lot of noise in the media and political parties. As the media reports, there are few controversial entries, one of them that the NLA was trained by SAS at some point. Today, the university professor that wrote that article said on TV that she got the information from Wikipedia. http://vesti.alfatv.com.mk/default.aspx?mId=36&egId=1&eventId=13202 (in Macedonian). Новица (talk) 16:59, 25 September 2009 (UTC)

NLA, terrorist organisation? [Reloaded]
NLA, a terrorist organisation? Which country regards it as one? When did that happen?

I can't find any source that labels NLA as a terrorist organization. The provided source isn't reliable and doesn't label NLA as a terrorist organization, something that says: "NLA is a terrorist organization, and is regarded as such from US, UK, EU, etc.".

This is a serious topic, and labeling something as "terrorist" without strong facts, isn't OK. The following articles: Hezbollah, Al-Qaeda, Hamas (to name a few), have really strong arguments that label them as terrorist organizations. In this case, such facts are missing (or maybe do not exist at all).

Those editors that think that NLA is a terrorist organization, need to bring strong facts to the table instead of POV pushing. Thank you.  kedadi al  22:15, 26 September 2009 (UTC)

 * US goverment Foreign Terrorist Organizations
 * OFFICE OF THE COORDINATOR FOR COUNTERTERRORISM
 * July 7, 2009

 * http://www.state.gov/s/ct/rls/other/des/123085.htm

 * NLA TERRORIST ORGANIZATION
 * _____________________________________________________

 * Official Journal of the European Union
 * COUNCIL COMMON POSITION 2005/847/CFSP
 * of 29 November 2005

 * http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/site/en/oj/2005/l_314/l_31420051130en00410045.pdf

 * NLA TERRORIST ORGANIZATION
 * ______________________________________________________

 * see also http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_terrorist_organisations
 * Alex Makedon (talk) 11:08, 30 September 2009 (UTC)

 * Hi Alex, thank you for your informations. It seems that those informations are talking about National Liberation Army (Colombia) better known as ELN (which by the way is considered a terrorist organization by the US and the EU) and not about this NLA. Thank you.  kedadi al  15:08, 30 September 2009 (UTC)
 * Hi Kedadi, from your page I see you support a highly controversal "reunification of Albania" this idea also known as the irridentistic and often extremist "Great Albania" ideology, am I right?
 * Here is another related article, where the NLA acts are described as terrorism.
 * http://www.newsinsider.org/editorials/intervention_in_Macedonia.html
 * thank you.Alex Makedon (talk) 18:53, 30 September 2009 (UTC)

 * Below, I'll answer to your question and the provided link:
 * "... from your page I see you support a highly controversal "reunification of Albania" this idea also known as the irridentistic and often extremist "Great Albania" ideology, am I right?"
 * Even though it's offtopic, yes you are right. It's my fundamental right to proclaim that. And by that, I do not hate neighboring countries but I just think that countries should be ethnically clean. Don't get me wrong on this, because thats how other countries (not just Albania, but also Macedonia, Greece, Serbia, Montenegro, etc.) should be (IMHO) to avoid "ethnic issues" once and forever.
 * "Here is another related article, where the NLA acts are described as terrorism. http://www.newsinsider.org/editorials/intervention_in_Macedonia.html"
 * Thanks again for the link. By reading the first few words of the first paragraph, I saw that the article is a "POV pushing one" instead of a "reliable one". To label it as a terrorist organization we need a reliable source, which clearly cites which countries label it as such, when did that happen and why.
 * Thank you.  kedadi al  00:46, 1 October 2009 (UTC)
 * Associated with the KLA,ANA and considered a terrorist organization even by association.A transmuted entity from previous terrorist organizations.An updated version of the KLA and nothing more.

 * The Fight Against Terrorism and Crisis Management in the Western Balkans by Iztok Prezelj,2008,ISBN-1586038230,page 49-50
 * Islamic Terror and the Balkans by Shaul Shay,2009,ISBN 1412808685,page 115,
 * The United Nations & regional security: Europe and beyond by Michael Charles Pugh,Waheguru Pal Singh Sidhu,2003,ISBN-	1588262324,page 126,
 * Understanding Civil War: Europe, Central Asia, and other regions by Paul Collier,Nicholas Sambanis,2005.,ISBN-0821360493,page 238-239,241,242,256,254
 * Megistias (talk) 12:39, 3 October 2009 (UTC)
 * Please restore the article, and its not spamming to add refs diff,diffMegistias (talk) 10:02, 4 October 2009 (UTC)

 * You're using a reference to label NLA as a terrorist group while your reference doesn't label it as such (funny, huh?). It's called POV pushing with a camouflaged reference.
 * NLA links with KLA is already mentioned in the article.
 * Thank you.  kedadi al  14:32, 4 October 2009 (UTC)
 * Islamic Terror and the Balkans by Shaul Shay,page 113,

 * The Albanian terror organizations established after the conversion of the KLA into the KPC were:
 * The Liberation army of Presevo,Medvedja and Bujanonac
 * The National Liberation army (NLA)
 * The Albanian national army (ANA)Megistias (talk) 17:50, 4 October 2009 (UTC)
 * My references label the organization(s) as Terrorist.Megistias (talk) 17:59, 4 October 2009 (UTC)

Albanian an unofficial language?
I'm not sure what this statement is supposed to mean, probably the writer meant the exact opposite: "...making Albanian an official language...". Check these sentence under "Ceasefire and disarmament":

"Under the Ohrid Agreement, the Macedonian government pledged to improve the rights of the Albanian population, that make up just over 25 % of the population.[32] Those rights include making Albanian language an unofficial language, increasing the participation of ethnic Albanians in government institutions, police and army."

It wouldn't make any sense to have the right to make Albanian an unofficial language... . Therefore, the opposite must be meant. 77.57.187.223 (talk) 09:10, 14 December 2010 (UTC) e_l_

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Talk:Kempton, Indiana

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Talk:Windfall, Indiana

Hy I am Camde — Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.249.230.144 (talk) 22:22, 10 February 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Windfall, Indiana


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/RoseRush

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. --Ryan Delaney talk 15:23, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

RoseRush
Wikipedia is not a place for advertising. This is plainly all this article is. Not notable in any other way. TheDeletator 16:08, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Agreed, Delete. Moreover, the creator of the page removed the VfD tag... --Raistlin 16:51, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete His other articles were snake oil. Rose Hip Syrup this time!Dlyons493 18:18, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Badvertisment. Alf 19:40, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete; nn, adv | Celcius 21:57, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nominator, like everything in the Lanz Chan vanity series. --IByte 23:25, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete with prejudice.  Paul Klenk 05:20, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Library Company of Philadelphia

The Library Company of Philadelphia (LCP) is a non-profit organization based on Locust Street in Center City Philadelphia. Founded as a library in 1731 by Benjamin Franklin, the Library Company of Philadelphia has accumulated one of the most significant collections of historically valuable manuscripts and printed material in the United States.

The current collection size is approximately 500,000 books and 70,000 other items, including 2,150 items that once belonged to Franklin, the Mayflower Compact, major collections of 17th-century and Revolution-era pamphlets and ephemera, maps, and whole libraries assembled in the 18th and 19th centuries. The collection also includes first editions of Moby-Dick and Leaves of Grass.

18th and 19th centuries
The Library Company was an offshoot of the Junto, a discussion group in colonial Philadelphia, that gravitated around Benjamin Franklin. On July 1, 1731, Franklin and a number of his fellow members among the Junto drew up articles of agreement to found a library, for they had discovered that their far-ranging conversations on intellectual and political themes floundered at times on a point of fact that might be found in a decent library. In colonial Pennsylvania at the time there were not many books; Books from London booksellers were expensive to purchase and slow to arrive. Franklin and his friends were mostly of moderate means, and none alone could have afforded a representative library such as a gentleman of leisure might expect to assemble. By pooling their resources in pragmatic Franklinian fashion, as the Library Company's historian wrote, "the contribution of each created the book capital of all." Many of the first books in the collection focused on religion and education. It is notable that the first texts of the collection were written in English, when during the period most books held in academic and private libraries were only found in Latin.

The first librarian they hired, America's first, was Louis Timothee. He only held the position for a brief time. Until another librarian was found to replace him, Benjamin Franklin took over his duties. Franklin's stint as librarian ended in 1734, when he was replaced by William Parsons, the librarian for the next 12 years. Robert Greenway was the fourth librarian, whose tenure lasted until 1763.

The articles of association specified that each member after the first fifty must be approved by the directors, sign the articles, and pay the subscription. Admitting new members and selecting new books were the directors' ordinary duties.

In the back of the library's 1741 catalog, Franklin mentioned that the library was accessible to people who were not members. Those who were not members were allowed to borrow books. However, they had to leave enough money to cover the cost of the book. Apparently, their money was given back upon returning the book. The privilege of being a member meant that books could be borrowed for free. Franklin also mentioned that the library was only open on Saturdays, for four hours in the afternoon.

On November 10, 1731, at Nicholas Scull's Bear Tavern ten persons paid their forty shillings: Robert Grace (share no. 1), Thomas Hopkinson (share no. 2),2 Benjamin Franklin (share no. 3), John Jones, Jr. (4), Joseph Breintnall (5), Anthony Nicholas (6), Thomas Godfrey (7), Joseph Stretch (8), Philip Syng, Jr. (9), and John Sober (10). It was a disappointing turnout: all but John Sober and the hatter Joseph Stretch (son of Peter Stretch), who later became a Pennsylvania assemblyman, were officers. The library now had eleven paid-up members. Joseph Stretch and his brothers provided half of the original capital to build Pennsylvania Hospital, another of Benjamin Franklin's projects.

Over time, fifty subscribers invested 40 shillings each and promised to pay ten shillings a year thereafter to buy books and maintain a shareholder's library. Therefore, "the Mother of all American subscription libraries" was established, and a list of desired books compiled in part by James Logan, "the best Judge of Books in these parts," was sent to London by autumn the first books were on the shelves.

Earlier libraries in the Thirteen Colonies belonged to gentlemen, members of the clergy, and colleges. Members of the Library Company soon opened their own book presses to make donations: A Collection of Several Pieces, by John Locke; Logic: or, the Art of Thinking, by the Port Royalists Antoine Arnauld and Pierre Nicole, which Franklin in his autobiography said he had read at the age of 16; Plutarch's Moralia translated by Philemon Holland; Lewis Roberts' Merchants Mappe of Commerce, and others. A bit later William Rawle added a set of Spenser's Works to the collection and Francis Richardson gave several volumes, among them Francis Bacon's Sylva Sylvarum, but on the whole books in Latin were few.

Overtures to the proprietor of Pennsylvania, John Penn at Pennsbury at first elicited no more than a polite response, but an unsolicited gift of 34 pounds sterling arrived in the summer of 1738 from Walter Sydserfe, a Scottish-born physician and planter of Antigua.

The earliest surviving printed catalogue of 1741 gives the range of readers' tastes, for the members' requirements shaped the collection. Excluding gifts, a third of the holdings of 375 titles were historical works, geographies and accounts of voyages and travels, a category the Library Company has collected energetically throughout its history. A fifth of the titles were literature, mostly in the form of poetry and plays, for the prose novel was still in its infancy: as late as 1783, in the first orders from London after the war years, the directors thought "we should not think it expedient to add to our present stock, anything in the novel way." Another fifth of the titles were devoted to works of science. Theology and sermons, however, accounted for only a tenth of the titles, which set the Free Library apart from collegiate libraries at Harvard and Yale. Another tenth was works of philosophy, and the rest (approximately 1/15 of the collection) was "economics and such social sciences, the arts, linguistics, and the indefinables." The Company's agent in London was Peter Collinson, Fellow of the Royal Society, the Quaker mercer-naturalist of London, who corresponded with John Bartram.

The Library Company's example was soon imitated in other cities along the Atlantic coast, from Salem to Charleston. The Library soon became a repository of other curiosities: antique coins, including a gift of Roman coins from a Tory Member of Parliament, fossils, natural history specimens, minerals. When John Penn, making up for his slow start, sent an air-pump to the learned society in 1739, the directors, to house it commissioned a glazed cabinet, the earliest extant example of American-made Palladian architectural furniture. Rooms on the second floor of the newly finished west wing of the State House (now Independence Hall) housed the Library and its collections: there Franklin and his associates performed their first experiments in electricity during the 1740s. Later Benjamin West sent the mummified hand of an Egyptian princess.

A charter was issued for the Company by the Penn proprietors, March 24, 1742, that included a plot of land, issued in their name by Governor George Thomas. Collinson, who had faithfully executed the Company's requests for books over the years, sent windfalls in 1755 and in 1758 in the form of boxes of his own copies of a score of 17th-century accounts of the newly established British colonies in America, among them such classics as Strachey's Lawes, Mourt's Relation and John Smith's General Historie of Virginia.

The Library Company's microscope and telescope were frequently borrowed and from time to time, needed repairs. There is also evidence that many of the library's curiosities were available to borrow if permission was obtained from any two directors. In 1769, Owen Biddle used the telescope to observe the transit of Venus from Cape Henlopen. On May 9 of that year Sarah Wistar became the first woman to be voted a library share.

The library absorbed smaller lending libraries and outgrew its rooms, renting larger space on the second floor of the new Carpenters' Company hall in 1773. "The Books (inclosed within Wire Lattices) are kept in one large Room," Franklin was informed in London, "and in another handsome Apartment the [scientific] Apparatus is deposited and the Directors meet." On September 5, 1774, the First Continental Congress met on the first floor of Carpenters' Hall, and the Library Company extended members' privileges to all the delegates. The offer was renewed when the Second Continental Congress met the following spring, and again when the delegates to the Constitutional Convention met in 1787. Nine signers of the Declaration of Independence—Benjamin Franklin, Benjamin Rush, Francis Hopkinson, Robert Morris, George Clymer, John Morton, James Wilson, Thomas McKean, and George Ross—owned shares, some of them serving as directors. The Library Company served virtually as the Library of Congress until the national capital was established in 1800.

"Virtually every significant work on political theory, history, law, and statecraft (and much else besides) could be found on the Library Company's shelves, as well as numerous tracts and polemical writings by American as well as European authors. And virtually all of those works that were influential in framing the minds of the Framers of the nation are still on the Library Company's shelves."

In 1785, the Company purchased a collection of Revolutionary broadsheets pamphlets and other ephemera that had been assiduously collected by Pierre Eugène Du Simitière, of which no other copies have survived.

Permanent quarters were established for the Library Company in 1789 with the purchase of a lot on Fifth Street near Chestnut across from State House Square. A competition for the design of a building was won by an amateur of architecture, Dr. William Thornton, with a plan for a Palladian red-brick structure with white pilasters and a pediment interrupting a balustraded roof. A curving double flight of steps led up to the arched door under an arched niche containing a gift from William Bingham—a marble statue of Franklin in a classical toga sculpted in Italy by Francesco Lazzarini. Member's shares were extended to carpenters and bricklayers in partial payment for work on the new building. The new quarters were opened on New Year's Day, 1791. For the new library Samuel Jennings, an expatriate Philadelphian living in London, painted a large picture, "Liberty Displaying the Arts and Sciences."

In 1792, the Loganian Library, which had been housed across the square, was transferred to the Library Company, complementing its collection with the 2600 books (chiefly in Latin and Greek) that had been collected by James Logan. This collection was supplemented by the medical library of James Logan's younger brother, a physician in Bristol, England, the best medical library in North America. Thornton's new building immediately required a new wing.

The collections went from strength to strength in the 19th century. In mid-century it was considered one of the "five great libraries" in the United States, along with the Harvard University Library, Yale University Library, Library of Congress, and Boston Athenæum.

The Library Company's collections were physically split in the mid-19th century. A large bequest from Dr. James Rush resulted in a new building at Broad and Christian streets in South Philadelphia. The Ridgway Library, as it was called, was controversial because it was both physically and socially removed from the homes and businesses of its members. A new, more centrally located, library designed by Frank Furness opened its doors in 1880 at Juniper and Locust Street.

An unrelated endeavor, the Free Library of Philadelphia, was chartered in 1891 to "be free to all", and opened in March 1894.

20th century
The Library Company suffered financial troubles during the Great Depression and was forced to sell the Locust Street building and consolidate the collections in the Ridgway Library on South Broad Street. As its fortunes improved after the war, the institution focused on its mission as a scholarly research library. In the second half of the 20th century, under the direction of Edwin Wolf II, an energetic program of renewal brought the Library Company once more into a busy and vital center of national importance for research and education. The Library Company completed a new building on Locust Street, also named the Ridgway Library, in 1965, and opened it to the public in April 1966.

title: Library Company of Philadelphia


text: User talk:68.38.103.56

title: User talk:68.38.103.56


text:
Talk:Universal code

Untitled
I see a note saying someone wants this article split. Any particular reason/rationale? Do we just want to turn it into a series of stub articles based on each heading in the current article? (With this page perhaps with some general philosopy and links to the rest?) DStaal 16:10, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Universal code


text:
Talk:List of sign languages

Add ISO 639-3 codes?
I wonder if it would help if we add a column to these tables for a language's ISO 639-3 code, when it has one. It seems rather odd that when we use those codes in so many places in WP, we haven't used them here. Of course, a lot of sign languages don't have ISO codes, but this will be one way of calling attention to that fact. BTW, I have a readily-available list, already sorted by continent and language name, so it would be fairly easy for me to do this. In other words, if others agree, I'm happy to be the one to do the grunt-work. Ping me if you have comments. AlbertBickford (talk) 23:11, 26 January 2015 (UTC)

 * Not sure I see the point. We used to use ISO codes in a lot of family articles, and this page, because we didn't have individual articles on the languages.  I've been removing them as language articles were created.  Other editors have been removing them too; the lack of objection over several years constitutes silent consensus.  The only place I can think of where we still use them is spurious language (because many of those "languages" still do not have articles) and in the list of artificial languages that mentions Kotava and Romanova, whose articles have been deleted as not notable.  If we restore them here, why not add them to thousands of family articles?  I don't see any advantage in doing that.  — kwami (talk) 00:11, 19 February 2015 (UTC)

 * OK, I didn't know about that history. I'm fine with leaving them out. AlbertBickford (talk) 03:30, 19 February 2015 (UTC)

ISO 639 followup
ISO 639-3 codepoints for signed languages are as follows: ads, aed, aen, afg, ajs, ase, asf, asp, asq, asw, bfi, bfk, bog, bqn, bqy, bvl, bvs, bzs, cds, csc, csd, cse, csf, csg, csl, csn, csq, csr, csx, doq, dse, dsl, dsz, ecs, ehs, esl, esn, eso, eth, fcs, fse, fsl, fss, gds, gse, gsg, gsm, gss, gus, hab, haf, hds, hks, hos, hps, hsh, hsl, icl, iks, ils, inl, ins, ise, isg, isr, jcs, jhs, jks, jls, jos, jsl, jus, kgi, kvk, lbs, lgs, lls, lsb, lsc, lsg, lsl, lsn, lso, lsp, lst, lsv, lsw, lsy, lws, mdl, mfs, mre, msd, msr, mzc, mzg, mzy, nbs, ncs, nsi, nsl, nsp, nsr, nzs, okl, pgz, pks, prl, prz, psc, psd, psg, psl, pso, psp, psr, pys, rib, rms, rnb, rsi, rsl, rsm, rsn, sdl, sfb, sfs, sgg, sgx, slf, sls, sqk, sqs, sqx, ssp, ssr, svk, swl, syy, szs, tse, tsm, tsq, tss, tsy, tza, ugn, ugy, ukl, uks, vsi, vsl, vsv, wbs, xki, xml, xms, yds, ygs, yhs, ysl, ysm, zib, and zsl.

That's how little space this section would take up in the article body. — Arlo James Barnes 02:48, 1 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of sign languages