text:
Street Kings

Street Kings is a 2008 American action thriller film directed by David Ayer, and starring Keanu Reeves, Forest Whitaker, Hugh Laurie, Chris Evans, Common and The Game. The initial screenplay drafts were written by James Ellroy in the late 1990s under the title The Night Watchman.

The film was released in theaters on April 11, 2008, and was followed by a direct-to-video stand-alone sequel Street Kings 2: Motor City in 2011, with Clifton Powell returning as a corrupt cop.

Plot
Tom Ludlow, who became an alcoholic after his wife's death, is an undercover detective for the LAPD's elite Vice-Special unit. He meets with Korean gangsters for a supposed firearms trade who he believes have kidnapped two teenage girls. During the deal, he allows them to beat him and steal his car and a machine gun. Unbeknownst to them, a tracking device on the vehicle leads him to the gang's hideout.

Upon reaching their hideout, Ludlow storms in, kills the gangsters, alters the scene to make the shootings look justified, then finds the girls locked in a closet. While the rest of his unit congratulate him, he is confronted by his former partner, Detective Terrence Washington, who is tired of police corruption, and has begun reporting suspicions to Captain James Biggs of Internal Affairs, who apparently starts an investigation against Ludlow.

Believing Washington snitched on him, Ludlow follows him to a convenience store to beat him up. However, Washington is killed by two gangsters under the pretense of a robbery. The surveillance video shows Ludlow brawling with and subsequently shooting him accidentally during the gunfight. Based on this, his actions are unjustifiable and incriminating. Captain Jack Wander offers Ludlow an alibi by telling him to remove the surveillance footage, and tells the press he was the first to arrive on scene but too late to save Washington.

The DNA of criminals Fremont and Coates is found at the scene, as well as a large amount of cash on Washington. The investigation assumes that Washington was corrupt, stealing drugs from the evidence room and selling them to Fremont and Coates. Ludlow then enlists Detective Paul Diskant's help, who was responsible for the forensic evidence, in his personal investigation.

As Ludlow and Diskant investigate, they eventually find a house in the hills where they find the bodies of the real Fremont and Coates buried in a shallow grave; it is apparent that they were killed long before Washington's death. Ludlow meets with his widowed wife and hands her the surveillance CD. He empathises with her as he lost his wife previously, tells her he was beside Washington when he died and vows to avenge his murder.

Ludlow and Diskant then pose as dirty cops who are willing to take over the selling of stolen drugs. With Scribble's help they set up a meeting with the two criminals masquerading as Fremont and Coates. Ludlow questions who they really are, when Diskant recognizes them, he is shot and bleeds out to death. Ludlow kills both men and escapes back to his girlfriend's house, where he sees on the news that they were undercover Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department deputies. Ludlow is identified as a 'cop-killer,' so quickly that he understands there are others behind it. At the same time, Detectives Cosmo Santos and Dante Demille break in and handcuff him.

Santos and Demille admit that they killed and planted Fremont and Coates' DNA and the money at the scene of Washington's murder. Ludlow realizes that Washington was in fact informing on Wander to Biggs, who was the one stealing drugs from the department's evidence room.

To execute Ludlow, Santos and Demille take him out to the house where the bodies of the real Fremont and Coates are, but he manages to break free and kill them both. He then heads to Washington's where he finds Sergeant Mike Clady searching for the surveillance footage. Ludlow subdues Clady before he can kill Washington's widowed wife, then places him in his car trunk.

Ludlow confronts Wander at his house and apprehends him after a brawl. He confesses that he has incriminating evidence against several high-ranking department officials and other politicians, with which he would have used to become LAPD chief and eventually, mayor. Wander, asserting that he is Ludlow's friend and mentor, attempts to bribe him with a large amount of money and incriminating documents, but Ludlow refuses and shoots him dead.

Later, Captain Biggs and Sergeant Green arrive, and Biggs reveals that they used him to bring down Wander and get access to his files by showing him the real corruption within his unit. Biggs offers Ludlow an alibi. As he leaves, Biggs tells him that the department does still need him.

Cast

 * Keanu Reeves as Detective Tom Ludlow
 * Forest Whitaker as Captain Jack Wander
 * Hugh Laurie as Captain Jimmy Biggs
 * Chris Evans as Detective Paul "Disco" Diskant
 * Cedric the Entertainer as Winston "Scribble"
 * Jay Mohr as Sergeant Mike Clady
 * Terry Crews as Detective Terrence Washington
 * Naomie Harris as Linda Washington
 * Common as Fake Coates
 * The Game as "Grill"
 * Martha Higareda as Grace Garcia
 * John Corbett as Detective Dante Demille
 * Amaury Nolasco as Detective Cosmo Santos
 * Cle Shaheed Sloan as Fake Fremont
 * Noel G. as "Quicks"
 * Clifton Powell as Sergeant Green
 * Daryl F. Gates as The Chief
 * Kenneth Choi as Boss Kim

Production
In 1997, David Fincher had entered negotiations to direct the film, under its original title The Night Watchman from a screenplay by James Ellroy for New Regency and Warner Bros.

In 2004, it was announced that Spike Lee would be directing the film for a 2005 release. In 2005, it was announced that Oliver Stone was in talks to direct the film. However, Stone later denied this. Training Day screenwriter David Ayer took over the project.

On February 5, 2008, it was announced that Fox Searchlight Pictures changed the film's title from The Night Watchman to Street Kings.

Critical response
On Rotten Tomatoes 36% of 152 reviews of the film are positive with average rating of 5.11/10. The site's consensus reads, "Street Kings contains formulaic violence but no shred of intelligence." On Metacritic, the film has a score of 55 out of 100 based on 28 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".

Box office
In its opening weekend, the film grossed $12.5 million from 2,467 theaters, finishing second at the box office. It went on to gross $26.4 million domestically and $39.2 million internationally for a total of $65.6 million.

Home media
The DVD was released on August 19, 2008, as a single-disc offering with director commentary, and 2-disc special-edition set with numerous documentaries, interviews and a digital copy of the film. It is also available on Blu-ray disc with all the special features of the 2-disc DVD version. By January 2009, the film had made $14.6 million from DVD sales.

Sequel
The film is followed by a sequel, Street Kings 2: Motor City, released direct-to-video in 2011. Other than both featuring Clifton Powell (playing different roles), the films are unrelated.

title: Street Kings


text: User talk:83.23.74.40

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:83.23.74.40


text:
Applecross, Western Australia

Applecross is an affluent riverside suburb of Perth, Western Australia, bounded by Canning Highway and the Swan River. It is located within the City of Melville.

Name and early history
The suburb of Applecross takes its name from the Applecross peninsula in Wester Ross, Highland, on the northwest coast of Scotland. Many of the streets in the suburb have names from the area, including Carron, Gairloch, Ullapool, Kintail, Strome, Ardross, Alness, Kishorn, Glenelg, Duncraig, Dunvegan, Killian and Roskhill.

The suburb of Applecross was originally assigned to Lionel Lukin on 28 May 1830. The land was finally acquired by Alexander Matheson, second son of Sir Alexander Matheson, 1st Baronet of Lochalsh, in February 1896. Matheson formed the Western Australian Investment Company Limited and instigated and named the subdivision of the area.

Matheson developed the waterfront land as gentlemen's residences. He operated a ferry service to bring day-trippers to the area from Perth for picnics, tennis and sailing. The difficulty in finding reliable water stymied further development and Matheson sold the land to the London and Australian Investment Company around 1903.

In 1925, Thomas Burke (businessman) stopped at Fremantle on his return from England. He was persuaded to view the Applecross land held by the London and Australian Investment Company. Burke quickly realised the potential of the undeveloped land as an affordable, long-term investment for working Australians. He purchased 2,200 acres between the Swan River (Western Australia) and along the Perth-Fremantle Road (the precursor to Canning Highway) from Canning Bridge, Applecross, and towards Point Walter.

For the next ten years, Burke bundled the land as ¼ acre blocks and sold them in estates: Applecross Estate, Kintail Road Estate, Canningview Estate, Ardross Park Estate, Wireless Station Estate, Rivermount Estate, Radio Park Estate, Melville Park Estate, and Lucky Bay View Estate. Some buyers built on their block. Others took Burke's advice and gambled it would increase in value significantly with the forthcoming establishment of better road connections with Perth via Canning Bridge. By 1960, the year after the opening of the Narrows Bridge (Perth), a block in the Kintail Road Estate purchased for £45 in 1940 returned £1,750.

A distinguishing feature of the suburb are the jacaranda trees that line its streets and flower in the late spring. Planting of these and other exotic trees along the streets began in 1935. In keeping with this theme, Applecross is home to an annual Jacaranda festival in late November.

World War II
In 1940, the suburb was the location of a "Patriotic Grand Prix", a once only usage of the streets of the suburb for a car race known at the time as a "Round-the-houses" race.

Landmarks
A number of well known landmarks and facilities are in Applecross. These include:
 * Raffles Hotel and apartments at Coffee Point
 * South of Perth Yacht Club
 * The former Heathcote Hospital – used for mental health services from 1929 to 1994. Now used as a community recreation facility. Point Heathcote was named after Midshipman George Gage Heathcote.  Captain James Stirling landed at the location in his 1827 expedition up the Swan River, and the site was considered by Stirling as an alternative to the Perth site when establishing the Swan River Colony in 1829.
 * Waylen Bay
 * Canning Bridge

Notable residents

 * Joel Creasey, comedian
 * Adele Horin (1951–2015), journalist
 * Glen Jakovich, West Coast Eagles footballer
 * Shaun Marsh, cricketer
 * Josephine Langford, actress
 * Katherine Langford, actress
 * Heath Ledger (1979–2008), actor
 * Pogo, electronic musician

Bus

 * 148 Como to Fremantle Station – serves Kintail Road, Matheson Road, Riseley Street and Canning Highway
 * 158 Elizabeth Quay Bus Station to Fremantle Station – serves Kintail Road, Matheson Road, Riseley Street and Canning Highway

Bus routes serving Canning Highway:
 * 111 and 160 WACA Ground to Fremantle Station
 * 114 Elizabeth Quay Bus Station to Lake Coogee
 * 115 Elizabeth Quay Bus Station to Hamilton Hill Memorial Hall
 * 910 Perth Busport to Fremantle Station (high frequency)

title: Applecross, Western Australia


text:
Talk:Smolensk

Medieval population
Of course, the number of 200.000 for Smolensk's population around 1400 is spurious, to say the least! Eevn Moscow did not reach this number before the late 18th century. And around 1400 not even Paris or Venice had 200.000 inhabitants.

 * Probably you are right, but I don't like your idea that Western European cities were necessarily larger than the Eastern ones. Judging by the sheer size of urban area, Sarai was the largest city of Europe in the 14th century. --Ghirlandajo 14:00, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Of course, I would not deny that some early Russian towns were among the largest of Europe, like Novgorod Veliki, with 30.000- 50.000, or 12th century Kiëv with almost 50.000.

I would not exclude the possibility that Smolensk around 1400 would have been in the same order of magnitude, but I find it unlikely that it would be much more. Lignomontanus 12:27, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Smolensk was the largest city of Lithuania-Poland which was the largest state in Europe at that time. But Novgorod was larger than that, and larger than medieval Paris, for that matter. They say that modern Novgorod occupies smaller area than the medieval one. --Ghirlandajo 15:06, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

 * On one of my trips to Russia, my guide told me in Yaroslav that it was the second large city in Russia in the 17th century (after Moscow, of course). When I asked her how many inhabitants the town had at that time, she replied me "around 30.000". That would be a size I would find believable for Smolensk around 1400. Lignomontanus 12:27, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes, Yaroslavl was the 2nd largest city of 17th-century Russia, and the territory of its central part hasn't expanded since then, although the current population is 620,000. --Ghirlandajo 15:06, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

It is all based on a website by a somewhat biased amator local historian, written in rather bad English. Should WIKIPEDIA be an instrument in spreading this MYTH? (It is also epidemiously infecting Wiki's in other languages).

Could a reliable historian expert be found to give us more reliable information about the mediaval population of Smolensk???

Lignomontanus, 31.08.2005

I took the liberty of changing the very unlikely "the population of 200,000" into "a populatiom of several tenths of thousands of inhabitants", which - being somewhat elastic - has a good chance of being true.

Lignomontanus 12:59, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

Minor mistakes in english plus some historical inaccuracies
I don't really feel like editing this page myself at this moment but, in the first paragrpah, river names always take THE so it out to be the Smolnya river. yet I don't really know where you got info about this river because to the best of my knowledge no such river exists or ever existed either in Smolensk or anywhere near it. The tar version seems to be the accepted one, since Smolensk was a layover poitn of sorts for boats traveling from the Baltic down to the Black sea, the famous route from the Varyags to the Greeks. They sailed up the western Dvina as far as they could then they pulled thier boats out onto the ground and dragged them along to the upper Dnieper. Smolensk was where they supposedly mended any leaks and small holes that mught have appeared in their boats from being dragged on the ground and they used tar to do that. Thus the origin of the name. I'll leave it at your descretion whether or not to include this info in your article, Ghirlandajo. You somehow fail to mention that for the very first time Smolenks is mentioned in a Novgorod chronicle depicting a military tour by a Novgorod duke down to Csargrad, which was what they called Constantinople back then. In 863 they approached Smolensk but decided against messing with the city on account of it being big and with a lot of people, they decided not to waste time on it. Why this date is significant is because 863 is the year that's officially used by the city authorities to calculate the city's age. As for Oleg, you write in your article that he captured Smolensk, but it isn't true technically, because no force was used, Oleg sort of took Smolensk in passing, on his way to Kiev where he then proceeded to seize the throne and later united Novgorod and Kiev into what was later to become known as Kievan Rus. At Smolensk he simply set camp next to the city and waited until representatives of the people of Smolensk pledged loyalty to Novgorod. The word capture usually implies use of force, Oleg didn't have to use force in Smolensk. Mongols - even though the city was never destoryed by the mongols it was taxed by them until it became part of Lithuania. this phrase "With a population of several tenths of thousands of inhabitants" is poor english, rephraser it to something like tens of thousands of people. I also agree it's highly unlikely the population could have been 200 thousands, most defnintely it would have been under 100 thousand. Back then a city of 10000 was considered big. So it's likely that there were even fewer than 50000 people living in Smolensk at the time. Of the three Smolensk regiments only one was really from Smolensk, the other two were from the SMolensk voevodstvo, I know for sure one of the was formed in Polatsk, I can't remember where the other one was from, might even have been Vietebsk or Minsk. The so called Kremlin wasn't technically a Kremlin at all, because basically a Kremlin is an equivalent of a castle and a castle normally fences in only a relatively compact patch of land. The Smolensk wall, by contrast went around a relatively large area, I don't remember the exact stats, but its total length of the wall was several kilometers. Technically it was a city wall, there were several fresh water springs within the perimeter of the wall which in part enabled the defenders to hold out over a relatively long period of time - 20 months. HAd it been just a castle Sigmund III's troops would have been able to capture it in less time. For some reason you never mention the Vladimir Monomakh cathedral which stood in the place of the modern Assumption Cathedral and was destroyed in the seige.This bit "Apart from other military monuments, the central square of Smolensk features the Eagles monument, unveiled in 1912 to mark the centenary of Napoleon's Russian campaign." is simply false, the eagle monument is not on any square, it's located in a small park that runs parrallel to Dzerzhinsky street, in fact in Smolensk there's no such thing as a central square per se, there's at least two squares that are regarded as euqally "central" and the eagle monument is certainly not on either one of them. Lenin square is still dominated by an impressive granite figure of V.I. Lenin, and Smirnoff square boasts a fairly recently constructed unorthodox monument of Terkin and Tvardovski, sitting on a log facing each other, Terkin with an accordion and Tvardovski with a notepad in hand. WWII - there was never really much fighting in the city itself during the wall. The hostilities that later became known as the battle of Smolensk in actuality took place east of the city after the city itself had been taken by the Germans, so saying that 93 percent of the city got destroyed in the battle of Smolensk, whcih can be inferred from your phrasing is plain wrong. The majority of the damage to the buildings was done by air raids and a lot of that damage was caused by Russian air raids which were more or less regular during the time the city was under German control. In fact in spite of all this quite a few buildings in central Smolensk survived the war, among them was the Assuption Cathedral. As for the hero city status awarded to Smolensk in the late 1980's, with all due respect it doesn't reflect in any way the real course of events of the fall of 1941. The very first cities to have been given the hero status were Odessa, Sevastopol, Leningrad, and they were the real ones because they were each under seige and held out for different lengths of time. Moscow's hero status was basically a bit bogus, it was given to Moscow just on account of it being the capital which is the way things are done in Russia. The hero status of Smolensk can only be rationalized with the air raids the city had to endure but not with the battle of Smolensk which was so named because Smolensk happened to be the closest more or less majore city in the vicinity, the biggest dot on the map, so to say, none of the actually fighting of the WWII battle of Smolensk, unlike the 1812 battle of Smolensk, actually took part within the city boundaries. I feel compelled to add here that in light of the more recent events the hero city status ought to be bestowed upon Grozny.
 * I accepted some of your corrections and additions, while discarding the stuff about the city not being heroic enough for your standards, about the kremlin not being kremlin, about the mysterious "Vladimir Monomakh cathedral", and about the purported fictitiousness of the Smolnya, which is cited by no less authority than Max Vasmer. --Ghirlandajo 12:16, 15 September 2005 (UTC)

Monomakh cathedral
the original name of the first cathedral was the Assumption Cathedral, it was referred to as the Valdimir Monomakh cathedral because Vladimir Monomakh was the person at whose orders construction work on began in 1101. It was the first stone temple in Smolensk. I take it you can read Russian so I guess you might, for example look at this page

http://admin.smolensk.ru/history/kep/Smolensk/history/index.htm

on the page below there's a mention of that same cathedral getting damaged by a near by explosions of ammunition stockpiles at the end of the 1609-1611 seige

http://admin.smolensk.ru/history/kep/Smolensk/history/index.htm

I haven't seen any pictures of the old cathedral and don't really know if any survive.

Concerning Max Vasmer and the Smolnya river issue, Vasmer was a linguist etymologist rather than a historian. Are the words Smolensk and Smolnya etymologically related? They sure are. Does this etimological link necesseraly mean that the name of the first derived from the name of the river or vice versa? I don't know an answer to that. The question is though where is/was this river? Are there any maps or something like that. Obviously it doesn't exist any more but when it did exist did it flow near enough to the city to warrant the connection?

The crux of the matter is that the origin of the name of the city is simply unknown and in all probability it won't ever be discovered. There are versions, the tar version seems a bit more probable to me because I'd never heard of the river version before I read your article here, and second because I'd never heard of a river with this name ever having flown thru or near Smolensk, if you google for Smolnya, the majority of the hits will be links either to your article here on wikipedia or to its different copies on other web sites. Mind you, the tar version too is no more than just a version and in reality the name might have come about for reasons no one would have thought of today.

the 1941 Battle of Smolensk: the basic idea is that the battle began on July 10th and went on until September 10 and Smolensk fell on July 16th. The major setback that the Germans suffered during that two month operation was the Yelnya counter offensive (August 30, 1941- September 8, 1941) Yelnya was probably the first Russian town to be retaken by Russian troops in WWII (they had to retreat from it later though). By that time Smolensk had been occupied for weeks and it wasn't to be recaptured by the soviet army until September 1943 in Operation Suvorov.

I'm not saying Smolensk doesn't deserve the hero status at all, after all it was pretty much levelled.But it's a status more akin to that of cities like Coventry or Dresden, rather than of those like Leningrad, Odessa, Sevastopol or Stalingrad.Smolensk never had to live thru a blockade the way Leningrad did and never saw the sort of fierce house to house street fighting that went down in Stalingrad, though it did get more than its share of air raids and imho it has to be mantioned, if you want to be fair that is, that it was raided by both sides due to its relative logistical importance. But so were Orsha and Minsk. But on the other hand if Minsk is a hero city then Smolensk deserves that status too. It's just that from your article one might get the impression that the battle of Smolensk was something like Stalingrad but on a smaller scale, well it certainly wasn't, it was later named the battle of Smolensk simply because it took place inthe general vicinity of the city, mostly to the south east. You know how long it takes to get from Smolensk to Yelnya by car? I'm told more than 5 hours and Yelnya rather than Smolensk was the real focal point of that particular battle in the fall of 1941.

 * I added the appropriate data into the Assumption Cathedral in Smolensk. --Ghirlandajo 06:59, 27 October 2005 (UTC)

Smalensk
THIS CITY IS BELARUS CITY AND EVEN THOSE WHO FLED TO MOSCOW HAVE BELARUS FAMILY NAMES, GDL WAS RIGHTEOUS STATE TO HAVE THIS LAND TOGETHER WITH MOZHAISK, BUT SLAVIC NAZIS AND KILLERS TOOK IT FROM BELARUS OR GDL. Kiev Rus was not slavic, but Baltic state, later slavic parasites even stole the name Rus in order to conquer whole this territory of ancient Kiev Rus in which lived Baltic tribes Krivichi (in Lithuanian language 'pagan priests'), Viatichi (in Lith. 'local people') and others. Even Pskov was Baltic before slavic appearance in Novgorod. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 89.240.14.43 (talk) 15:39, 6 August 2009 (UTC)

Dear User:Ghirlandajo, As you have probably noticed, in the Wikipedia for cities having been under different rules or just having different names in different languages due to their being close to state borders all possible names are given. For example, you can find Russian equivalents of the names of Riga, Minsk, Kyiv and Tallinn. There are German names given for Strasbourg, Gdansk and even Kaliningrad. Please stop deleting the Belarusian name Смаленск from this article.--Czalex 19:19, 24 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Dear User:Czalex, you should leave your ridiculous nationalism in the Belarusian wiki. Your naive attempts to "belarusianize" Smolensk will not be accepted in this international project:
 * 1. The so-called Belarusian is not spoken anywhere within hundreds of kilometers from Smolensk, and you know that. The state language of Belarus is Russian. You may provide a Chinese spelling if you like, but this data will be deleted as absolutely irrelevant.
 * 2. The Russian and Belarusian pronunciation of the city name seems to be identical: Smalensk. That the Russian spelling follows more closely the ancient East Slavic norm and the Belarusian strays from that norm to demonstrate its questionable identity doesn't matter that much.
 * 3. The instances you provide are completely irrelevant, because all the towns you named belonged to Russia and Germany for hundreds of years and were known internationally under their Russian or German names. In Riga, more than 50% of population is ethnically Russian. In Minsk, Russian is a state language. In Kiev, it will be shortly. Smolensk, on the other hand, was never Belarusian, and its Belarusian name is not known to anyone living outside Belarus.
 * 4. Stop flooding the article with factual inaccuracies to the effect that Smolensk used to be a part of Belarus in 1919, which is simply not true. I don't care which nationalistic leaflet provided you with the crap you'd like to insert in the article, but anyway don't forget to cite your sources. --Ghirlandajo 19:41, 24 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Dear User:Ghirlandajo,
 * 1. The area of Smalensk was part of ethnical territory of Belarus even in the beginning of the 20th century (I could provide you Russian ethnographical maps proving that, but I hope you'll beleive my words). The history of Smalensk is closely connected to the history of Belarus and was hundreds of years long part of Belarus (being Grand Duchy of Lithuania), so a Belarusian spelling is more than right to be here. BTW, Belarusian is a state language of Belarus (check the article!)
 * What a pity that Smolyane haven't been aware of their happiness at being "part of ethnical territory of Belarus", especially when thousands of them died defending Russia. This is called blatant nationalism, dude. --Ghirlandajo 21:57, 25 October 2005 (UTC)
 * To cool down your patriotic pathos here a Russian etnographic map. Your ignorance is really shocking :( --Czalex 22:05, 25 October 2005 (UTC)
 * This map of unknown provenance and 19th-century date lists Białystok and Suwalki as part of Belarussian territory, thus demonstrating the ignorance of those who compiled it and those who exploit it for their racist purposes. I also liked their idea of placing the whole of Latvia under the Lithuanians section. I wish you could persuade our friends from Riga that they are ethnically Lithuanian... Honestly, your argumentation shows that you need to grow up before making any wikiedits. --Ghirlandajo 10:57, 26 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Honestly, your language style makes me pessimistic about the Wikipedia full of such 19-th century views hysterical Russian Nazis. If you have nothing to say, let us stop this discussion and your vandalism over the article.--Czalex 20:29, 26 October 2005 (UTC)

 * They are hysterical ultranationalists, aren't they? Yoy! (Joj!) Space Cadet 01:49, 27 October 2005 (UTC)

 * 2. Belarusian and the so-called Russian are different languages, and writings of the namings are different as well. I hope I don't have to prove that
 * Different languages or not, but the pronounciation of Smolensk is identical in both languages. Adding Belarusian spelling there is just like adding English spelling for Paris to the article on

the French capital. --Ghirlandajo 21:57, 25 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Do you understand the difference detween writing and spelling?--Czalex 22:05, 25 October 2005 (UTC)

 * 3. Russian will never be a state language in Kyiv again, unless in some Russian nazi dreams. And "historical recognition" under a certain name is not the reason for giving a city's name in different languages - the reason is just usage of the name and relevance of a historical tie of the city with the language I hope I have pointed in pt. 1.

 * Nevertheless, all three Uke presidents swore to make Russian a state language in the country where more than 50% of population speaks Russian as first language. --Ghirlandajo 21:57, 25 October 2005 (UTC)

 * 4.Here I give a map of the Belarusian National Republic of 1918. On this image you can see the borders of the BNR. I hope the region of Smalensk is clearly seen as a part of Belarus.
 * OK, I see clearly that your only authority for belarusianizing the core Russian city is your own map and your own fantasies. --Ghirlandajo 21:57, 25 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm not the author of the map! :))) I advice you again to follow the blue underlined words that say Belarusian National Republic.--Czalex 22:05, 25 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Please stop cencoring the article in an international project according to Russian chauvinist POV. In Wikipedia tolerance, pluralism and multiculturalism are the principles to be followed. If the Belarusian name of Smalensk will be there in the article, the city won't stop being part of Russia, believe me!--Czalex 21:16, 25 October 2005 (UTC)

Yeah, it will not return to the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth either. There is no Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth right now, sleep well. Space Cadet 01:53, 27 October 2005 (UTC)

Guys, let's stop this offensive rhetoric. The sole point here is that Smalensk English usage is non-existent. Much less than Varshava or Warshawa which are nowhere near the first line of the Warsaw article. Therefore, Smalensk belongs to historic part of the article in the context, but not the first line. --Irpen 03:32, 27 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, at least this is better than nothing--Czalex 19:20, 27 October 2005 (UTC)

Why to delete belarusian name?
I can't see a point in deleting Belarusian name of the city. It is near Russian-Belarusian border, it was part of Belarusian state for centuries, and a lot of Belarusians live in it right now (for sure the most important minority in the city); this makes Belarusian name relevant for the city enough to put it to the first row, as is usually done in Wikipedia geography articles. Thanks. --Monkbel 20:54, 30 October 2005 (UTC)
 * "it was part of Belarusian state for centuries"? LOL! --Ghirlandajo 09:02, 31 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The only reason is that Smalensk has no English usage. The name appears at the top if it is either a native name of the country of the location or if it has some English usage. Smalenks isn't used in English, that's why. It does not prevent us to mentioning the name inside the article in the context, as it is done. But not in the first line. For more, please see the talk above as well as the ref to talk:Kiev. Thanks, --Irpen 21:10, 30 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The question is not about Smalensk and its English usage at all, of course Smalensk isn't used in English. But you deleted not Smalensk (or may be you're addressing to some other change?), but Смаленск, which is proper Belarusian name, and should be noted as per above. --Monkbel 21:50, 30 October 2005 (UTC)

Well, cyrillic name without English tranliteration is usually meaningless in en-wiki. However, note, that similar issues were discussed to death and we should just follow some consistency rules. The outcome of past discussions were briefly summarized at Talk:Kiev. Feel free to join the discussion there. --Irpen 21:56, 30 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Cyrillic name without transliteration is meaningless, but transliteration could be added. I don't think that Belarusian name should be there, except if there is significant Belarusian minority in the city. Now, there is a question of how significant is significant? If the language is recognised by local administration it is significant. At least, that's what we are doing for cities in Serbia (see Novi Sad for example). Nikola 08:32, 3 November 2005 (UTC).

Lithuanian name

I would rather ask for what reason Lithuanian version of the city name is used in the article? Or you think that since Smolensk was a part of the GDL it is necessary to use the name in the Lithuanian language which has never had any significance in this state and had never exceed a status of a local language? A. Snieckus

Lithuanian name would be the same as Belarus name Smalininkai or Smalenskas...Smolensk is a russified name for the Belarus city. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 89.240.14.43 (talk) 15:47, 6 August 2009 (UTC)

Civility
Boys. Please don't start the conversation by insulting someone's language or orthography, accusing them of nineteenth-century hysterical Russian nazism, or pretending to laugh at something they wrote. Let's remember that our mums and dads instilled a bit of culture in us for a little while, before abandoning real discussion and starting to blow shit out of our mouths. (no, please don't tell who started it, just behave) —Michael Z. 2005-11-1 23:28 Z

 * Please
 * Stop the revert war and work out a compromise on this discussion page
 * Stop the name-calling and discuss this like adults (hint: talk about the facts and not about the person you're talking to)
 * —Michael Z. 2005-11-11 20:48 Z

Names
I suggest that if in doubt how to name a person, we should use the name from the main article, not a redirect. Thus, we will use Sapieha but Vytautas the Great (or simply Vytautas). Any objections? abakharev 11:11, 10 January 2006 (UTC)

SSMA
WHy hasn't any one mentioned about Smolensk State Medical Academy???

Unbalanced: too much his history and too little information about the current town
I think we could solve the lack of balance by creating history of Smolensk and summarize it here. Andries (talk) 20:23, 14 April 2008 (UTC)

Anecdote deleted
Deleted the following from the body of the article: "(i am from russia my self and actualy from smolensk and its name comes from (smola) which only means pine sap. where the city is located is right on the river, and it also has alot of pine in the area so when boats came through the city they used the sap to water proof their boats and that is where the name came from)"

True or not, we need a little more to go on than an anecdote, and the language used is absolutely unsuitable for an encyclopedia anyway. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.208.120.38 (talk) 02:54, 20 August 2008 (UTC)

Of cause Smalensk comes from Lithuanian word for a sap of pines 'smala' (in russian would be 'smola'), but the ending is of Lithuanian origin Vitebsk (Vyteviske, like 'teviske' meaning the fatherland and 'tevas' means the father), Smalensk (Smaleniske), Pinsk (Pyniske), Minsk (Mainiske) and this '-insk' is a subtraction of Lithuanian ending '-iske'...do you have russians more questions???? by the way Kaliningrad is russian or Prussian city??? and is Prussians slavs or balts (we know from the very Prussians that they kept themselves as Lithuanians)??? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 89.240.14.43 (talk) 16:06, 6 August 2009 (UTC)

Testimony of mayor at Nuremberg about Katyn
I would like to know for one whether the mayor testified honestly, that is, whether he named the Soviets as a perpetrators. Historian932 (talk) 16:37, 2 May 2012 (UTC)

Actually, I am in the middle of watching "World War II Confidential" Episode 6 which contends that, in contrast to Boris Bazilevsky who testified to Soviet lie, Boris Menshagin would not and therefore was imprisoned, and kept in the gulag for decades. This appears to be inaccurately recounted on the Wikpedia page. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:989:4200:8D6:3138:8A20:C53:CD93 (talk) 18:39, 10 March 2018 (UTC)

wrong flag?
The Russian and German wikipedias have a different flag. They have the flag which is used here as the oblast flag. Could it be an error, that this English version would've accidentally used the oblast flag instead of the city flag? 82.141.95.20 (talk) 01:37, 26 March 2015 (UTC)
 * The flag here was wrong; I've replaced it with the correct one. Thanks for catching this.—Ëzhiki (Igels Hérissonovich Ïzhakoff-Amursky) • (yo?); April 7, 2015 ; 15:56 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Smolensk. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20080129093006/http://www.volgagermans.net:80/volgagermans/Volga%20German%20News.htm to http://www.volgagermans.net/volgagermans/Volga%20German%20News.htm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers. —cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 10:00, 29 August 2015 (UTC)

The Soviet period
I added a couple of "dubious" tags as much of that section is rather muddled. I don't mean to add any sturm und drang to a contentious article, but I believe the two month delay in the German advance was due less to the Soviet counter attacks and more to German troops being diverted toward Kiev. Also, I don't understand why Goering would have been the one who ordered the destruction of the city. I also don't understand why Camp 126 is mentioned and not explained. __209.179.9.46 (talk) 22:29, 27 February 2017 (UTC)

when did Smolensk which was a soviet Belorussian town become a Russian town?
as opposed to other minor points this is completely unclear and unexplained — Preceding unsigned comment added by Polyushkopolye (talk • contribs) 17:56, 18 November 2017 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 23:36, 7 July 2019 (UTC)
 * Смоленск во время оккупации.jpg

It is not occupation, but liberation from russian occupation — Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.140.159.110 (talk) 09:32, 26 September 2019 (UTC)

The Byzantine emperor Constantine VII (r. 913–959) recorded its name as Μιλινισκα (Miliniska).
How can you prove that it was not Moscow or Vilnius, but Smolensk?

Katyn Massacre
In 1940, 18 km (11 mi) from Smolensk, the Katyn Massacre occurred.
 * – This standalone sentence in the 'Soviet period' section is ludicrously short and uninformative. Most younger Eng.-lang. readers will have no idea what the Katyn Massacre was, infamous though it is. – We should have an explanatory paragraph on the Katyn Massacre, which took place just west of Smolensk in the Smolensk Oblast, and in which some 20,000 captured Polish Army officers were murdered by the NKVD with Stalin's and Beria's approval. Secret documents confirming this were released to Poland by Yeltsin in 1990. – Sca (talk) 18:32, 11 October 2020 (UTC)

There are 2 climate sections on this article
Cretaceousa (talk) 23:29, 8 October 2021 (UTC)

Request to change to picture of Church of St. Nicholas
The image used on this page apppears to have been clearly edited upon. It has huge white scribbly marks all over the sky and appears vandalised. If any replacement can be found, it would be appreciated. Disabled Lemon (talk) 19:30, 10 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Smolensk


text:
MJ Cole

Matthew James Firth Coleman, better known by his stage name MJ Cole, is an English garage DJ, record producer and remixer.

Career
Born in London, England, in his youth, Cole was classically trained on the oboe and piano, and won scholarships to both the Royal College of Music Junior Department and City of London School.

Having graduated from City University, Cole began working at the drum and bass label SOUR, as a tape operator and sound engineer to the likes of Freq Nasty and Ed Rush. It was working on Ramsey & Fen's 2-step remixes for Kym Mazelle, however, that gave him the garage bug. He was the trusted engineer and lead producer of tracks on the UK garage label V.I.P. (Very Important Plastic) between 1997-1999 and a pirate radio DJ on London Underground FM, alongside the likes of the Dreem Teem.

From there, Cole penned and produced "Sincere" in 1998 using a sampler and Atari, which was eventually picked up by Pete Tong and AM:PM and became one of the earliest garage records to break into the top 40 on the UK Singles Chart.

He signed with Gilles Peterson's Talkin' Loud label where in 2000 he produced his first album, also called Sincere, which earned him two top 15 singles on the UK Singles Chart, a prestigious Mercury Music Prize nomination, Brit Award nomination and beat Dr. Dre to win MOBO's Best Producer award in 2001. He received a BPI certification for UK sales in excess of 60,000 copies. Cole formed a live band to accompany his Sincere album performing on Jools Holland's Later Show as well as on Top of the Pops, CD:UK, The Chart Show and at the Mercury Music Prize and MOBO Awards. In 2003, Cole followed Sincere with his Cut to the Chase album, also released via Talkin' Loud.

After leaving Talkin' Loud in 2004, Cole released several singles and EPs via his own Prolific Recordings label. Cole's output on the label has included many notable collaborations including grime artist Wiley and long-time collaborator Elisabeth Troy.

In 2014, he co-wrote and produced "Nobody But You" for Mary J. Blige with Sam Smith and Jimmy Napes, and again in early 2015 on Napes' own Making of Me EP.

He collaborated with T Williams on "Privilege", released in 2015 on Today Records and Tomorrow Records and released "Bouldaz" on Disclosure's Method White label the same year.

Cole continued to produce for artists across the musical spectrum. Dizzee Rascal's "Bassline Junkie", Example's "Something in the Water" and Katy B's "Blue Eyes" were all produced by Cole. He has also remixed tracks for Amy Winehouse, Mariah Carey, De La Soul, Alicia Keys and many more. He released remixes of Jess Glynne's "Hold My Hand" on Atlantic and DJ Fresh and Adam F's "Believer" on Ministry of Sound.

He released "Alcatraz" on Redlight's Lobster Boy Records in early 2016. This was followed by "The Rumble" in August 2016. A hard hitting, genre crossing record featuring hotly tipped UK MC AJ Tracey. Cole said of the record that it was "a slice of London, the energy of now, a fusion of all that is exciting in the U.K. for us."

Through 2017 to 2018, Cole has been releasing a steady selection of singles under the 892 label, including "Pictures in My Head" and "Soak It Up". Some singles would also be accompanied by VIP mixes, also created by Cole. In 2018, he released a new EP entitled "Foundations", stating that the project "takes a step away from my more traditional form of writing".

Alongside his producing, writing and remixing work, Cole continues to tour as a DJ at festivals and clubs around the world. Cole has also written and produced scores for several major TV advertising campaigns including the Schwartz "The Sound of Taste" campaign and wrote a piece called "Lava" for O2. Cole was also responsible for the construction and design of a new recording studio complex in Clerkenwell called The Gin Factory.

Personal life
Cole enjoys cycling and has ridden Land's End to John o' Groats.

Singles

 * "Sincere" (1998) – featuring Nova Caspar and Jay Dee – UK No. 38
 * "Crazy Love" (2000) – featuring Elisabeth Troy – UK No. 10, BPI: Silver
 * "Sincere" (remix) (2000) – UK No. 13
 * "Hold On to Me" (2000) – featuring Elisabeth Troy – UK No. 35
 * "Wondering Why" (2003) – featuring Vula – UK No. 30
 * "Never Say Never" (2004) – featuring Shea
 * "When You Said You Loved Me" (2004) – featuring Tubby T
 * "Badboy" (2006) – featuring Laura Vane
 * "Watertight" (2006) – featuring Laura Vane
 * "Gotta Have It" (2009) – featuring Digga
 * "From the Drop" (2010) – MJ Cole and Wiley
 * "Satellite" (2011)
 * "Red and Black" (2012)
 * "Bouldaz" (2015)
 * "Alcatraz" (2016)
 * "The Rumble" (2016) – MJ Cole and AJ Tracey
 * "Undo" (2017) - MJ Cole and Alyss
 * "Shelter" (2017) - MJ Cole and Bruno Major
 * "Interbass" (2017) - MJ Cole and DJ Zinc
 * "Pictures in My Head" (2017)
 * "Soak It Up" (2018) - MJ Cole and Kojey Radical
 * "Homerton B" (remix) (2018) - MJ Cole and Unknown T
 * "Waking Up" (2018) – MJ Cole and Freya Ridings

Remixes

 * Flume - "Rushing Back" (MJ Cole Remix) (2019)
 * Gracey - "Gone" (MJ Cole Remix) (2020)
 * Disclosure, Kehlani & Syd - "Birthday" (MJ Cole Remix) (2020)

title: MJ Cole


text:
Talk:Whittier Narrows Dam

Copyright
I deleted some material that may be copyrighted. Some was from a Los Angeles County website. The notice on the article said that it was the work of the U.S. Government, and therefore public domain. However, elsewhere on Wikipedia, I have read that only works of the Federal Government are public domain. The other material was from what appears to be a private website, which would definitely not be in the public domain. If this is incorrect, please revert to this version. I wikified the material and saved it before removing it. -- Kjkolb 12:54, August 31, 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Whittier Narrows Dam


text:
Manuel F. Segura

Manuel Felimon Segura (January 1, 1919 – November 27, 2013) was a colonel of the Armed Forces of the Philippines with assigned serial number 0-3547 AFP. He was G-1 and adjutant general in the General Headquarters of the Cebuano guerrillas during World War II, with Col. James M. Cushing as his commanding officer. Segura wrote at least two books on the guerrilla story in Cebu.

Early life and prewar service
Segura was a student in the University of the Philippines, Diliman campus, when the clouds of war loomed over the Pacific in the early months of 1941. On 28 August 1941, he was called to active duty as a 3rd lieutenant, Infantry, and assigned as regimental adjutant of 82nd Infantry Regiment, 81st Infantry Division, Philippine Commonwealth Army.

He happened to be in Cebu when the war broke out. According to his own accounts, he chose resistance instead of surrender.

Guerrilla stint
He was assigned in the Cebu Central Sector as combat officer and S-3 (Plans and Training Officer). He was involved in several attacks against Japanese garrisons at Talisay, Minglanilla, Carcar and Toledo, mostly against the Toledo garrison that was near the sector's headquarters at Pandong Bato, Toledo; including the big battles at Lawa-an, Minglanilla where 55 Japanese were killed; the big battle of Babag Ridge that lasted 10 days and 10 nights where 650 Japanese were killed; the big battle at Malubog, Toledo where 750 Japanese were killed. In the skirmishes in Cebu a total of 11,898 Japanese were killed in 119 encounters and ambushes.

Before the end of the war he was assigned as G-l and adjutant general in the General Headquarters at Tabunan. For his bravery, he was awarded by the United States of America the Bronze Star Medal with "V" Device for Heroism in Ground Combat and ended the war as a major subjects.

Post-war
For the next ten years after the war Segura was provincial commander in the following provinces: Southern Leyte, Romblon, Negros Oriental, and Bohol. He retired from active duty on January 1, 1972. He died on November 27, 2013, in Manila, where he fell ill while attending a conference. He died due to complications from pneumonia.

List of awards and badges
Segura earned a total of 24 badges and awards during his stay in the army:
 * Military Merit Medal with four Bronze Anahaw Leaves (five-time MMM awardee)
 * U.S. Bronze Star Medal with "V" Device for Heroism in Ground Combat
 * Distinguished Unit Citation with 2 Bronze Oak Leaf Clusters
 * American Defense Service Medal with Clasp (for Foreign Service)
 * Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal with 4 Bronze Combat Stars
 * World War II Victory Medal
 * Philippine Defense Ribbon with 1 Bronze Combat Star
 * Philippine Liberation Ribbon with 2 Bronze Combat Stars
 * Philippine Independence Ribbon
 * Long Service Medal with 1 bronze Star
 * Anti-Dissidence Campaign Medal
 * Philippine Republic Presidential Unit Citation
 * Combat Infantryman Badge
 * AFP Parachute Badge with Star
 * U.S. Basic Parachute Badge
 * American Campaign Medal

Books

 * TABUNAN: The Untold Story of the Famed Cebu Guerillas of World War II (1975), Col. Manuel F. Segura, excerpts hosted by the Cebu Eskrima Society
 * The Koga Papers: Stories of World War II in Cebu, Philippines (1992), Col. Manuel F. Segura

title: Manuel F. Segura


text:
Frederick Frese

Frederick J. Frese III (October 3, 1940 - July 16, 2018) was an American psychologist, and an advocate for the mentally ill. In 1968, Fred was diagnosed with schizophrenia, and ordered to live the rest of his life in the Ohio State Psychiatric System. In 1980, Frese was promoted to the Director of Psychology of the Western Reserve Psychiatric Rehabilitation Center. One of the first schizophrenic psychologists to publicly diagnosis, Frese was a leading voice for the rghts of the mentally ill. Over the course of 30 years, Frese gave 2,000 speeches in 48 states and several countries. In 2015, Frese was featured as one of CNN's "Mental Health Warriors".

Career
Frederick Frese served in the U.S. Marine Corps from 1962 to 1966, achieving the rank of Captain. In March, 1966 Fred was diagnosed with schizophrenia and involuntarily committed. After his first hospitalization, Frese attended Thunderbird Graduate School, and was employed by Koehring Corporation. He experienced a second psychiatric break in 1967, and was hospitalized three times in Milwaukee, San Antonio, and Montgomery. Frese's third breakdown occurred while living with a friend in Columbus, Ohio, and Frese was placed in the Columbus State Hospital where he remained for four months. After his release in 1968, a friend was able to secure Frese a position as a psychologist at The Treatment Research Center of the Ohio Division of Psychiatric Criminology, located within the Chillocothe Correctional Center. Frese enrolled in graduate courses at Ohio University in 1971. He completed his PhD in psycholophysiology and received his PhD in psychology in 1979. Frese began work at the Western Reserve Psychiatric Rehabilitation Center in 1977, and was promoted to Director of psychology in 1980, where he remained until 1993.

In 1986, Frese became the founding chairman of Community and State Hospital Psychologists, a section of Division 18 of the American Psychological Association. Frese revealed his diagnosis during a speech at the annual convention of the American Psychological Association in 1989, and began his career as an advocate for the rights of the mentally ill. He published extensively, and was on the advisory review boards of professional journals, including Schizophrenia Bulletin. In 1992, Frese served as president of the National Mental Health Consumers Association, and in 1995 was elected as a member of the Board of Directors of the National Alliance on Mental Illness in 1995. Following a two-year period as Clinical director of an assertive community treatment team, Frese retired from his position as Director of Psychology in order to focus on his advocacy work. During his career, he delivered more than 2,000 invited presentations on serious mental illness in some 48 states as well as in Canada, Japan, Australia and Europe. He made appearances on CNN, NPR, Nightline, the ABC Evening News, and was a featured interviewee in Robert Bilheimer's 1996 film, I'm Still Here, the Truth About Schizophrenia. Frese was the only person elected to the NAMI board of directors three times. He was awarded the Presidential Citation from the American Psychological Association in 2005, and the National Mental Health's Clifford Beers Award in 2010.

Family history
Fred Frese was the oldest of the five children born to Dr. Frederick Joseph Frese Jr. and Katheryn Ruth Sullivan Frese. Frese's father was a scientist with the military's space medicine program, and moved with his family to military bases around the country, but Frese spent the majority of his childhood near San Antonio, Texas. In 1976, Fred met Penelope (Penny) Anne Schnitter, a fellow graduate student at Ohio University in Athens, Ohio. During the early part of their friendship, Frese did not reveal his status as a person with schizophrenia, nor did Penny mention her status as a Franciscan nun. Once their relationship progressed, both revealed their unique backgrounds. The two were married in 1977 and raised four children. Fred credited his success to his stable, loving relationship with Penny.

title: Frederick Frese


text:
Attadale, Western Australia

Attadale is a riverside suburb of Perth, Western Australia, located within the City of Melville.

It was the first subdivision of  Matheson's Melville Water Park Estate. Attadale was named after an estate in Scotland situated on the south side of Loch Carron.

The suburb is located between the central business district and Fremantle along the southern side of the Swan River. Its extensive foreshore has many open spaces for residents and visitors including a large public open space along Burke Drive where residents can take their dogs for recreational activities.

Notable persons

 * Peter Moylan, pitcher for the Atlanta Braves of Major League Baseball, is from Attadale.
 * Brendan Nash, former Queensland state cricket player, now playing for the West Indies.
 * Luke McPharlin, a key position player for the Fremantle Dockers, attended Attadale Primary School.
 * Heath Ledger, actor, has lived in Attadale.
 * Mitchell Marsh, cricketer who plays for the Australian national cricket team, Western Australia and Perth Scorchers.
 * Shaun Marsh, cricketer who plays for the Australian national cricket team, Western Australia and Perth Scorchers.
 * Alex Fasolo, former player for the Collingwood Football Club, nicknamed "Fazzy Boy"
 * Aaron Younger, water polo player

Education
Attadale contains three schools: Attadale Primary School, Santa Maria College and Mel Maria Catholic Primary School.

Facilities
Attadale Tennis Club (also known as St Joseph Pignatelli Tennis Club) is a parish club providing tennis facilities (with six synthetic courts), and was located on the corner of Wichmann Road, and Galloway Street, although the tennis courts have since been demolished to make room for a new church.

Bus

 * 111 Fremantle Station to WACA Ground – serves Canning Highway
 * 148 Fremantle Station to Como – serves Lutey Road, Moreing Road, Roberts Road, Wichmann Road, Hislop Road and Canning Highway
 * 158 Fremantle Station to Elizabeth Quay Bus Station – serves Lutey Road, Moreing Road, Roberts Road, Wichmann Road, Hislop Road and Canning Highway
 * 910 Fremantle Station to Perth Busport (high frequency) – serves Canning Highway

title: Attadale, Western Australia


text:
Jeff Harris (baseball)

Jeffrey Austin Harris (born July 4, 1974) is an American former Major League Baseball relief pitcher who is currently a professional scout for the Philadelphia Phillies. He batted and threw right-handed.

Career
When Harris debuted with the Seattle Mariners on April 2,, he was 31 years of age. This was unusually old for a major league rookie, and was due to his meandering career. Harris, who has done construction jobs, plumbing and landscaping during offseasons, spent six years in the Minnesota Twins organization before being released in 2000, he then played for the Chico Heat of California in the independent Western Baseball League for three seasons. Harris played for the Quebec Capitales of the Canadian-American Association of Professional Baseball in 2003. The Mariners found Harris playing for the Capitales and signed him in June 2005.

Harris made eight starts and three long-relief appearances in the 2005 season. He posted a 2-5 record with 25 strikeouts and a 4.19 ERA in 54.2 innings. In, Harris pitched in only 3 games early in season.

In December 2006, the Cleveland Indians signed Harris to a minor league contract. He became a free agent at the end of the 2008 season and retired. He was named the pitching coach of the Arizona League Indians for the 2009 season. He later was the pitching coach for the Lake County Captains in the Cleveland Indians organization.

title: Jeff Harris (baseball)


text:
Attadale

Attadale can refer to:

 * Attadale railway station, serving Attadale, a locality in Scotland
 * Attadale, Scotland, a locality in Scotland
 * Attadale, Western Australia, a locality in Western Australia

title: Attadale


text:
Cebu Normal University

Cebu Normal University (Unibersidad Normal sa Sugbo), also referred to by its acronym CNU, is a state research university in Cebu City, Cebu, Philippines established in 1902.

CNU is designated by the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) as Center of Excellence (COE) in both Nursing Education and Teacher Education.

Early history
CNU was established in 1902 by Act No. 74 of the Philippine Commission as a summer institute of the Philippine Normal University (PNS, then a normal school). It was then called "Cebu Normal School" and was the located at Colegio Logarta building (later Hijos del Pueblo) at the Colon Street by which the Cebu provincial government pays the amount of ₱200 monthly.

In 1906, the school became an adjunct to the then Cebu Provincial High School (now Abellana National School) and transferred to the new site. In 1924, the school became independent of PNS, obtained the normal school status and moved to its current site in Osmeña Boulevard, Cebu City. In 1926, it produced its first batch of graduates as a new educational institution.

CNU during World War II
The CNU campus was used as headquarters of the Kempetai or Military Police of the Japanese Imperial Army during the second World War. CNU also served as the largest POW Camp in Cebu. On March 26, 1945, 5 Filipino suspected guerrillas and 2 captured American airmen were summarily executed by the Kempetai in the southeast corner of the campus. On March 26, 1945, Allied forces landed on Cansojong Beach in Talisay, starting the liberation of Cebu. The United States Army made CNS their base.

Conversion into college
In 1952, the two-year general curriculum adopted in 1946 was changed to the four-year Elementary Education Curriculum, which was later changed to Bachelor of Science in education (BSE – Elementary Education) in 1954. This led CNS to become a tertiary institution. In 1959, BSE was changed into Bachelor of Science in Elementary Education. The Graduate School was opened in 1960 and produced its first M.A. graduate in 1966 – Rosemary P. Gellor. The Liberal Arts department (now College of Arts and Sciences) was established in 1977 and the department of Nursing (now College of Nursing) was created in 1982.

The school was then renamed as "Cebu Normal College" in 1966, then to "Cebu State College" in 1976 in accordance to P.D. 944. In the 1980s and 1990s the school's population increased rapidly and new buildings were constructed which now house the three colleges of the school: College of Teacher Education (CTE), College of Arts and Sciences (CAS), and the College of Nursing (CN), as well as the University Museum, the Integrated Laboratory School (ILS), the Graduate School (GS) and Balay Alumni.

University status
On June 27, 1998, Cebu State College attained university status and was named Cebu Normal University (CNU) under Republic Act No. 8688 signed by President Fidel V. Ramos. Under the Republic Act. 7104, CNU was designated as Panrehiyong Sentro ng Wikang Filipino for Region VII.

In 2005 and 2008, CNU had opened two extension campuses in Balamban and Medellin in Cebu. The university is Region 7's Center of Teacher Development and in August 2009 it became Region 7's sole Center of Excellence in Nursing.

Centennial celebration
On June 13, 2011, CNU celebrated its 100th Centennial celebration, delayed by nine years. The National Historical Commission confirmed its creation in 1902 with Samuel MacClintock as the first principal which was not known by the previous university administration. A strict review of MacClintock's annual report and upon the approval of the Malacañang Palace of the university logo, the administration was convinced that the university was indeed founded in 1902.

Governance
CNU is governed by a Board of Regents composed of the Chairman of the Commission on Higher Education, University President, Chairman of the Committee on Higher and Technical Education of the Senate, Chairman of the Committee on Higher and Technical Education of the House of Representatives, Regional Director of the National Economic and Development Authority, President of the Federation of Faculty Associations of the university, President of the Federation of Student Councils of the university, President of the Federation of Alumni Associations of the university and two representatives from the private and public sectors. The Board of Regents is the highest decision-making body of the university and the regents appoints the University President, confer degrees upon successful candidates for graduation and performs other administrative functions.

Organization
CNU is headed by a university president, appointed by the Board of Regents. The president is assisted by three vice presidents— for Academic Affairs, Administration and Research, Extension and Publication. The extension campuses are headed by a Campus Director appointed by the Board of Regents upon the recommendations of the University President. Dr. Filomena T. Dayagbil is the current Officer-in-Charge of the Office of the CNU President.

Programs
CNU offers academic programs at the nursery, kindergarten, elementary, junior high, undergraduate, and graduate levels. In early 2020, the university announced of its upcoming offering of a College of Medicine which will offer a five-year degree of Doctor of Medicine with a master's degree in Public Health Governance.

As is the norm in the Philippine education system, instruction is primarily delivered in the English language with the exception of Philippine and foreign language subjects.

Undergraduate
The CNU undergraduate schools comprise the following:

College of Nursing
The College of Nursing of Cebu Normal University was created through CSC Board Resolution No. 35 s. 1982. Through this board, Cebu Normal University entered into a consortium with Southern Islands Hospital (now known as Vicente Sotto Memorial Medical Center). Since then, the college has offered Bachelor of Science in Nursing with only one section for each level. The college had its first graduates in 1986. CNU's College of Nursing has been recognized by the Commission on Higher Education as Center of Excellence since 2009.

College of Teacher Education
The College of Teacher Education of Cebu Normal University covers within its umbrella the flagship programs of the university. The undergraduate programs include Bachelor of Elementary Education (BEEd) and Bachelor of Secondary Education (BSEd) with varying fields of concentration and specialization. CNU's College of Teacher Education has been recognized by the Commission on Higher Education as Center of Excellence (COE).

Under the College of Teacher Education is the Integrated Laboratory School wherein fourth-year BEEd & BSEd students perform their practicum. The umbrella department is composed of programs from nursery to junior high school with most grade levels having one section, and some having two.

College of Arts & Sciences
The College of Arts and Sciences of Cebu Normal University is the recent programs of the university and was established in 1977. The undergraduate programs include Bachelor of Arts (BA), and Bachelor of Science (BS) with varying fields of concentration and specialization. The School of the Arts offers the Bachelor of Arts in Communication, English Language, Literature, Filipino, Political Science and Public Administration and the School of the Sciences offers the Bachelor of Science in Tourism Management, Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Mathematics and Psychology.

Graduate studies
The CNU Graduate School offers Masters-level and Doctorate programs across the disciplines covered by the three colleges. It was opened in 1960 with Dr. Tecla P. Revilla, another alumna, as its first dean. It produces its first M.A. graduate in 1966 – Rosemary P. Gellor.

CNU-VSMMC College of Medicine
CNU and VSMMC administrators conducted a meeting in 2018 to establish the first state-run College of Medicine in Central Visayas. The program was granted permit under the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) in early May, 2021. It will offer a five-year degree program in Doctor of Medicine with Masters in Public Health Governance. An official press release from the Senate of the Philippines on November 30, 2019, expressed the support from the Senate President Tito Sotto and Secretary Michael Diño, Presidential Assistant for Visayas. The program was expected to admit 50 students in August 2020 but due to the COVID-19 Pandemic, the admission was moved to the Academic Year 2021–2022. The College of Medicine will be located at VSMMC where the operations will be done, while CNU is considered to be the degree granting body to govern the academic operations.

Admissions
The university adopted a bi-semestral system wherein students enroll twice each year. Starting A.Y. 2018–2019, CNU opened the school year on August following the mandate of CHED. CNU operates with a selective admissions policy. All of the units of the university require, among other things, passing an entrance examination and past education records are also required for examination along with a final admissions interview. Application for Undergraduate admissions starts on October and ends on December with the college entrance examinations scheduled from January to March the following year. Results are posted on May along with the schedule of the final admissions interview. Only the successful applicants are allowed to enroll for the next academic year.

Accreditation
As a state university, CNU is a member of Accrediting Agency of Chartered Colleges and Universities in the Philippines (AACCUP). In February 2011, The College of Nursing and The College of Teacher Education were awarded the Level 4 Accreditation by the AACCUP (The Accrediting Agency of Chartered Colleges and Universities in the Philippines), being the first programs in the country to have been awarded such honors.

The university has also been declared by the Commission on Higher Education as a Center of Excellence (CoE) in Teacher Education and in Nursing. CNU is certified with International Standards Organization (ISO) 9001:2015 Quality Management System for Administration and Management of Commission on Higher Education (CHED) and Board of Regents (BOR) approved programs including the essential support to operations services and facilities as of August 2018 by Globalgroup. In March 2023, the university was declared a Three (3) Stars Institution by the Quacquarelli Symond (QS) Stars Rating System, which means that CNU is a “well-recognised [institution] nationally and may have also begun to attract international recognition.”

Seal
The seal of the university, as approved by the Board of Regents, is as follows: At the center of the circular field is the lamp of knowledge; leaning against it is a “kuryapi” which was the musical instrument played by Visayan men during the pre-Hispanic era. At the top are the three letters in the old Visayan alphabet that represents the initials of Cebu Normal University. This design incorporates both Western and indigenous symbols to reflect the spirit of CNU. At the bottom is the year 1902, the year when the Cebu Normal School was established. On the outer edge of the circle are the words Cebu Normal University, and at the bottom center, Cebu City, Philippines.

Name
Cebu Normal University is a normal institution which started as a teacher-training college thus remaining to be a training ground for teachers with it evolving as a comprehensive university. CNU was established and operated as normal school before it expanded its faculties and was organized as a state research university. It retained the word "Normal" in its name to recognize its historical purpose.

CNU hymn
Cebu Normal University

We hail your name with pride

To you we give our loyalty

Your light will be our guide

Cebu Normal University

We hail your name with pride

To you we give our loyalty

Your light will be our guide

Your nurtured dreams of crimson and gold

Through generations we will uphold

Your might and fame throughout will reign

Oh CNU, of thee we sing

In glory, in adversity

With vision, we move on

Cebu Normal, beloved University

Alma Mater, Carry on!

Student life
The student organizations in Cebu Normal University comprises a network that cater to a wide variety of preferences ranging from academic, varsity, student government, publication, religious and special interest groups that is accredited annually by the Office of Student Affairs (OSA).

Student government
The Cebu Normal University - Supreme Student Council (CNU-SSC) is the highest student governing body in the university. An annually elected representative from the Federation of Supreme Student Councils in the university serves as the Student Regent, seating with CNU's governing body, the Board of Regents. The three undergraduate colleges are also governed by their respective student councils that are under the CNU-SSC but are operating as autonomous units: Nightingale Student Council, Educators' Council and the Council of Liberal Arts and Sciences Students. All academic student organizations are under their respective college-level student councils.

The student government in Cebu Normal University is structured in a way that only the highest position in the Supreme Student Council bears the position of President while the highest position in college-level student councils bear the position of Governor, the degree program-level bear the position of Mayor and the class block-level highest position bear the position of chairman.

Student publication
Ang Suga is the official student publication of the university. It publishes periodicals and other printed materials funded, managed, and written by the students. Ang Suga publishes at least two issues annually with the option of supplements, a monthly newspaper called The Normal Lights, and a literary folio, called Iridescence.

Ang Suga also holds activities, contests, and events, such as the annual Art and Journ Festival which act as an outlet for the expression of the ideas, opinions and creative attempts of the university's undergraduate and graduate students.

Ang Suga paper was the first campus publication to have a permanent Cebuano section, Tudling Sugbuanon, when most of the academe scoffed at the vernacular as being unworthy of an institution of higher learning.

Athletics
The college varsity teams compete in the annual State Colleges and Universities Athletic Association (SCUAA). Every year, CNU organizes the university-wide annual sportsfest, the University Intramurals which is participated by five teams: the three colleges and the two external campuses.

Cebu City

The main campus of Cebu Normal University is located at the Osmeña Boulevard, Barangay San Antonio, Cebu City. The university's administration building is one of the most distinct structures in the city in the 1920s. A World War II Memorial is also located inside the campus in remembrance of the Filipinos who were imprisoned, tortured and executed by the Japanese inside the campus during the second world war.

Balamban campus
The CNU Balamban Extension Campus was opened in 2005 at Barangay Nangka, Balamban, Cebu.

Medellin campus
The CNU Medellin Extension Campus was opened in 2008 and is located at Barangay Poblacion, Medellin, Cebu.

Research
The CNU Center for Research and Development is concerned with supervising the research activities of the university. The Center for Research and Development is under the Vice President for Research, Extension and Publication and is supervised by the Director for the Center of Research and Development.

CNU's official research publication is the CNU Journal of Higher Education, a multidisciplinary, and peer-reviewed journal. It aims to disseminate relevant and significant researches across discipline as written by leading scientists and researchers. It calls for original articles (research studies, reviews, theoretical and methodological principles and analyses) on issues concerning the different professions from a multidisciplinary perspective. The journal publishes once a year.

The following are the research institutes of the university:

 * Institute for Research in Innovative Instructional Delivery (IRIID)
 * Research Institute in Computational Mathematics and Physics (RICMP)
 * Research Institute for Ageing and Health (RIAH)
 * Research Institute for Public Governance (RIPG)
 * Research Institute for Tropical Biology and Pharmacological Biotechnology (RITBPB)

Notable alumni

 * Narciso Albarracin, former Undersecretary of Education
 * Marcelo Fernan, former Senate President and Supreme Court Chief Justice
 * Winefreda Geonzon, founder and former executive director of the Free Legal Assistance Volunteers Association
 * Reena Elena Malinao, Miss Cebu 2010
 * Sheryn Regis, actress and singer
 * Sulpicio Osorio, Cebuano Writer
 * Jerika Teodorico, Award-winning VisPop Singer

title: Cebu Normal University


text:
Talk:Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play

Untitled
I just wikified the rest of it. I know that some of the movie titles will not link to movies, but until someone is ready to create a lot of movie articles, that's the way it will be. --Fang Aili 12:56, 31 August 2005 (UTC)