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Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation

The Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF), located in the Oklahoma Health Center in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, is an independent, nonprofit biomedical research institute. Established in 1946, OMRF is dedicated to understanding and developing more effective treatments for human disease. Andrew S. Weyrich, Ph.D. serves as president of OMRF, which employs more than 500 scientific and administrative staff members.

OMRF's scientists, who include a member of the National Academy of Sciences, hold more than 700 U.S. and international patents and have spun off 11 biotech companies. Discoveries at OMRF led to Xigris, the first FDA-approved drug for the treatment of severe sepsis, and Ceprotin, a therapy for people suffering from a rare and life-threatening blood disorder known as protein C deficiency. Research at OMRF also identified the enzyme believed responsible for Alzheimer's disease and laid the groundwork for OncoVue, a breast cancer risk assessment test.

History
Beginning from discussions among the alumni of the University of Oklahoma Medical School in 1944, several doctors began to develop the idea of an independent research organization adjacent to - but separate from - the medical school. Led by Dr. Mark R. Everett, a Harvard Medical School grad who rose from professor to become dean of the OU Medical School in 1947, they agreed on August 3, 1946, to incorporate as the Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF), a private, nonprofit, independent research institution in Oklahoma City. In April 1947 Oklahoma's Governor, Roy J. Turner became general chair of a statewide fund drive for OMRF that spanned all 77 of Oklahoma's counties. By May 1949, 7,000 Oklahomans had donated and pledged $2.35 million, and construction of OMRF began.

The Foundation officially began operations on July 3, 1949. Sir Alexander Fleming, the British scientist who discovered penicillin, made his first visit to the United States to give the keynote address at the dedication. An estimated 2,500 people attended the ceremonies, where Fleming pronounced the future "bright," even though the first building was at the time, in the Nobel laureate's words, "just a big hole in the ground.". Dr. Edward C. Reifenstein Jr., became the foundation's first director.

OMRF opened the doors of its first building on Dec. 17, 1950. Since that time, OMRF has grown from 5 principal scientists to 50, and its staff has grown from roughly two dozen employees to almost 500. Securing more than $30 million annually in competitive research grants from the National Institutes of Health and other granting agencies, OMRF is a member of the Association of Independent Research Institutes. Its scientists focus on research in the areas of immunology, cardiovascular biology and diseases of aging.

Alzheimer's and brain diseases
In 2000, Jordan J.N. Tang and colleagues created an inhibitor that, in vitro, stopped the enzyme thought to cause Alzheimer's disease. The biotechnology company CoMentis has since built on that discovery to create an experimental drug for the treatment of Alzheimer's. In 2007, Tang uncovered a molecular mechanism that links an Alzheimer's susceptibility gene (known as E4) to the process of disease onset. In OMRF's free radical biology and aging research program, Robert A. Floyd leads a team of scientists who focus on the mechanisms that cause neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, Lou Gehrig's disease).

Cancer and immunobiology
Technology developed in the laboratories of Eldon Jupe and Linda F. Thompson led to the creation of a test for assessing breast cancer risk in women. Marketed as OncoVue, the test is produced by Intergenetics, Inc., and available in clinics the U.S. Paul W. Kincade leads a group of immunologists in the study of the causes of lymphomas, leukemias and myelomas. With a research-grade magnetic resonance imaging facility, OMRF scientists are developing methods of using MRI to speed the process of identifying and treating brain, liver and bladder cancers. In 2006, molecular biologist Gary J. Gorbsky and his lab were the first to reverse the process of cell division, a discovery detailed in the journal Nature that may have implications for the prevention and treatment of cancer and birth defects.

Heart and blood diseases
Led by Rodger P. McEver and Charles T. Esmon OMRF's cardiovascular biology research program works to pinpoint the origins of cardiovascular disease. Esmon's research has led to the development of two FDA-approved drugs: Xigris, a treatment for severe sepsis (blood poisoning), and Ceprotin, a therapy for children suffering from life-threatening blood-clotting complications.

Lupus and autoimmune diseases
OMRF's largest research program is dedicated to the study and treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus and other autoimmune diseases. Led by physician-researchers Judith A. James Robert Scofield and Morris Reichlin this group has identified antibodies that appear in the blood years before the clinical onset of lupus. They also are studying the role a common virus may play in triggering lupus. Their work led the National Institutes of Health to establish the Lupus Family Registry and Repository at OMRF. The LFRR is a resource that scientists worldwide can use in their own lupus research. The collection includes DNA, sera, plasma, and data from systemic lupus patients, first degree relatives, and healthy volunteers. Study participation involves completing paperwork and donating a one-time blood sample.

Education programs
In 1956, OMRF established its Sir Alexander Fleming Scholar Program, a summer research training program for Oklahoma high school and college students.

The 'Teen Leaders in Philanthropy' class was created in 2012 to let up to 40 high school sophomores, juniors and seniors develop hands-on leadership skills and an understanding of what a nonprofit organization does. The program gives participants a chance to learn from a variety of charitable organizations, donors and volunteers during nine sessions throughout the school year.

OMRF also provides the training ground for graduate and postdoctoral students each year in the M.D./Ph.D Program at the University of Oklahoma Medical School.

Core facilities
OMRF maintains numerous core facilities, including:

 * A 7-tesla MRI, which uses a 10,000-pound magnet to generate a magnetic field that is 140,000 times stronger than the earth's and allows researchers to study the cells and organs of genetically engineered living mice and rats at microscopic levels without harming the animals;
 * BIACore to measure affinity and binding kinetics of macromolecular interactions;

 * DNA Sequencing, with the daily capacity to run 90 sequences;
 * Flow Cytometry, with three instruments: the FACScan and FACSCalibur cytometers, capable of three and four color fluorescence analyses, and the MoFlo cytometer capable of high throughput cell sorting.;
 * Imaging, to assist researchers with imaging needs ranging from basic light and electron microscopy to digital image processing and analysis;

 * In Situ Hybridization, including tissue sectioning, slide mounting, and hybridization histochemistry;
 * Mouse Genome Manipulation Facility, providing microinjection services of DNA into zygotes for the generation of transgenic mice, and of ES cells into blastocysts for the generation of knockout mice;
 * Molecular Biology Resource Facility, for protein and peptide sequencing and mass spectrometry analysis; and
 * Signal Transduction Core, to assist research involving intracellular Ca2+ measurements and protein-protein interactions.

In society
OMRF is funded through grants and independent contributions. One of the more unusual contributions is a share in the royalties of the musical Oklahoma!. Oklahoma born playwright Lynn Riggs wrote the original play, "Green Grow The Lilacs," on which the musical was based. Upon his death, he willed his 1% royalty to his 4 siblings. When his brother William Edgar Riggs died, OMRF received rights to that one-quarter share. As of the end of 2018, it has generated over $700,000 in earnings.

title: Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation


text:
Lightweight Imaging Device Interface Language

Lightweight Imaging Device Interface Language (abbr. LIDIL) is a printer interface definition language used in more recent Hewlett-Packard printers.

This language is commonly used on HP Deskjets that do not support the PCL printer language. As the name suggests, the language only supports the definition of raster documents, and is very limited overall. It is a "host-based" protocol which is advertised with LDL in the CMD: (command set) field of the device ID string. Such models do not support printing ASCII text.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text: Template:GLCA

title: Template:GLCA


text: User talk:200.60.106.34

title: User talk:200.60.106.34


text:
Chonos Archipelago

The Chonos Archipelago is a series of low, mountainous, elongated islands with deep bays, traces of a submerged Chilean Coast Range. Most of the islands are forested with little or no human settlement. The deep Moraleda Channel separates the islands of the Chonos Archipelago from the mainland of Chile and from Magdalena Island.

The largest islands are Melchor Island, Benjamin Island, Traiguén Island, Riveros Island, Cuptana Island, James Island, Victoria Island, Simpson Island, Level Island, Luz Island.

Far out in the Pacific is Guamblin Island with the Isla Guamblin National Park. The National park comprises about 106 km2. Blue whales can often be seen here.

Some groups of islands are grouped into minor archipelagoes such as the Guaitecas Archipelago. The Guaitecas Archipelago has its own municipality and possesses the only settlement in the archipelago, Melinka. All islands are part of the Aisén Region.

Chonos Archipelago was mapped in the 18th and 19th centuries by José de Moraleda y Montero (1793), Robert FitzRoy (1834) and Enrique Simpson (1870–71).

Most of the archipelago is covered by a more-less open Pilgerodendron forest with cushion plants such as Astelia pumila, Donatia fascicularis and Oreobolus obtusangulus. In the western fringes of the archipelago a shrubland of c. 2 meter high Pilgerondendron and Nothofagus nitida grows. Amidst this shrubland, occasional peatlands and forests exist.

title: Chonos Archipelago


title: User:Thelb4/Sandbox


text:
User talk:DeadSeraphim

Image copyright problem with Image:Tismwhitealbun.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Tismwhitealbun.jpg. You've indicated that the image is being used under a claim of fair use, but you have not provided an adequate explanation for why it meets Wikipedia's requirements for such images. In particular, for each page the image is used on, the image must have an explanation linking to that page which explains why it needs to be used on that page. Can you please check

 * That there is a non-free use rationale on the image's description page for each article the image is used in.
 * That every article it is used on is linked to from its description page.

This is an automated notice by FairuseBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. --FairuseBot (talk) 14:49, 2 November 2008 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
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title: User talk:DeadSeraphim


text: User talk:83.100.182.73

title: User talk:83.100.182.73


text:
Wikipedia talk:Articles for deletion/Francesca Easthope

The only problems I have with this close are:

 * 1) . Premature close; lag time not up.
 * 2) . There is no speedy category to cover this.

It's on the very edge of acceptability.

I'm satisfied that at least it got its VfD, and some good faith edits, as it should have in the first place.

--Tony Sidaway Talk 16:53, 19 August 2005 (UTC)


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Sydney Lamb

Sydney MacDonald Lamb (born May 4, 1929 in Denver, Colorado) is an American linguist. He is the Arnold Professor Emeritus of Linguistics and Cognitive Science at Rice University. His scientific contributions have been wide-ranging, including those to historical linguistics, computational linguistics, and the theory of linguistic structure.

Lamb is best known for his development of Relational Network Theory (RNT; formerly known as Stratificational Grammar), starting in the early 1960s. The key insight of RNT is that linguistic systems such as phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics are best described as networks of relationships rather than computational operations upon symbols (which is the view taken in many frameworks of formal linguistics, such as Chomskyan Generative Grammar). Lamb developed a set of graphical formalisms, known as "abstract" and "narrow" relational network notation, for the analysis of linguistic networks based on the system network notation created by Michael Halliday for Systemic Functional Linguistics.

Between the 1960s and 1990s, he further developed RNT by exploring its possible relationships to neurological structures and to thinking processes, especially the hypothesis that the nodes in his relational networks might correspond to cortical columns or minicolumns in the human neocortex. Halliday states that Lamb was aware of a possible correspondence between relational networks and neurological networks as early as 1963. In 1999, he published Pathways of the Brain: The Neurocognitive Basis of Language, a monograph expressing these ideas. Since then, Lamb's framework has also been referred to as Neurocognitive Linguistics (NCL).

His early work also developed the notion of "sememe" as a semantic object, analogous to the morpheme or phoneme in linguistics, and it was one of the inspirations for Roger Schank's Conceptual dependency theory, a methodology for representing language meaning directly within the Artificial Intelligence movement of the 1960s and 1970s.

Biography
Lamb's paternal great-grandfather immigrated from England to Illinois in the United States in the 19th century. Later, his grandfather, along with his grandmother and father (as a child), then moved from Illinois to Denver, Colorado in 1889. Lamb's mother's family arrived in Denver from Scotland in 1910. Sydney Lamb was born in Denver in 1929.

Lamb earned his Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley in 1958 and taught there from 1956 to 1964. Lamb did research in North American Indian languages, specifically those geographically centered in California. His dissertation was a grammar of the Uto-Aztecan language Mono, under the direction of Mary Haas and Murray B. Emeneau. In 1964, he began teaching at Yale University, where he remained until leaving Yale in 1977 and founding Semionics Associates, an electronics firm, in Berkeley, California. His work at Semionics Associates led to patented designs of content-addressable memory (CAM) hardware for microcomputers based on his Relational Network Theory.

By 1980, Lamb was in negotiations to sell his CAM design to another company, and he was invited to join the Department of Linguistics at Rice University by James E. Copeland.

title: Sydney Lamb


text:
Talk:Today Show

Redirect Created
I'm in the process of fixing links that lead to this disambiguation page. It looks like The Today Show is the only link with "Today Show" in the title. I'm going to make this page a redirect and create Today Show (disambiguation) for the remaining links. -Oatmeal batman 02:42, 1 October 2006 (UTC)

Redirect
Shouldn't this redirect to Today (U.S. TV program) instead of the disambiguation page?--  Krystaleen  07:29, 2 August 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Today Show


text:
Chonos

Chonos may refer to:
 * Chonos tribe, a Mongolian tribe of Russia, Mongolia and China
 * Chono people, an extinct culture of Chile
 * Chonos Archipelago, in Chile
 * Chonos Metamorphic Complex, in Chile

title: Chonos


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User talk:Rob117

Given your comments at Talk:Book of Daniel, I wonder if you might have a look at Talk:Belshazzar. User:Kuratowski's Ghost seems intent on inserting apologetics into the article. john k 16:54, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

Egyptian chronology
I think it's fine to use whatever chronology, and I'm also more familiar with the Sothically based dates for the 12th dynasty. What I think we should do (and I've been as guilty of this as anybody) is explain what dates we are using at each point. john k 04:23, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

RFC's
Hey there. I'm removing your listing of User:WikiRat at Requests for comment/User conduct because 1) you have to create a subpage for the subject of an RfC (see the others at the RfC page for examples,) 2) new entries go at the top of the page in the "Candidate pages"section, 3) You should talk to the user in question first, as there's been little interaction, and this person simply might not know about WP policies on original research and 4) The place to go for disputes over the content of article is at Requests for comment. Cheers and happy editing,Sean|Bla ck 08:05, 5 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Rob117, I know you vehemently disagree with the things I post. Contrary to your contention, little of that which has been posted is ‘original research’.  Much of it has been effectively documented by Church Historians.  You may not agree, fine.  I’m willing to address all of your concerns rationally, and patiently.  But now you are trying to tarnish my ability to post?  You appeal to others for assistance in your dispute with me, and you haven't yet tried to work with me to resolve our dispute.  (I would go so far as to say, you haven't even answered my arguments?!)

Please, try adopting the approach that it is better to work with someone, than against them. I can be reasonable, I am willing to work with you to find the middle ground if you can hide your contempt for ideas you haven’t considered, or disagree with. Rather than Ad Hominem, focus on the prepositions (which you must admit, I do present). If you are truly interested in the Celtic Christianity or ecclesiastical history, than that is reason enough for me to work with you to find balance though we happen to disagree. As long as you adhere to a policy of hostility, we cannot move forward.

(PS I cannot log in because I have forgotten my password, and when I ask Wikipedia to email passwords to my email address, I never seem to get them (perhaps they are going to some other account). But you can reach me  at the User_talk:WikiRat page nonetheless) --WikiRat 11:00, 7 November 2005 (EST)

Wikiproject
Hi, this is a general invite, asking whether anyone might be interested in joining a long term Wikiproject
 * WikiProject Biblical Criticism

(As in Biblical Criticism, rather than about criticising the bible)

Its goal is to increase the amount of information originating from academia in biblical articles, as it is noticably lacking at the moment, this includes
 * Textual criticism
 * Critical theories
 * Mention, and summary, of historical commentaries (i.e. commentaries interpreting the subject from people thousands of years ago)
 * Information concerning change in interpretation, over tim
 * Interpretations from historic groups cast as heretics by the mainstream, including esoteric traditions (such as from groups like those responsible for the Book of Enoch)
 * Interpretations from historic groups who were once the mainstream, but where the interpretation is no longer supported by the mainstream.
 * Apologetics (from academic sources, rather than local religious people)

This also includes transferring the information present in the public domain Jewish Encyclopedia, which is not present in Wikipedia. This work is over 100 years old, and so the information needs updating once copied over, e.g. by taking account of subsequent scholarship (e.g. Martin Noth, Richard Friedman, Israel Finkelstein).

--francis 00:07, 23 November 2005 (UTC)

Caratacus and cranks
Rob117, I'm contacting you because you've contributed to this debate in the past. Help! We have another British Israelite nut (or possibly the same one under a different name) throwing fringe theories at Caratacus, Claudia Rufina and related articles. I don't think I have the patience to go through all this again. Any assistance you can lend would be sincerely appreciated. --Nicknack009 20:49, 15 January 2006 (UTC)

Just a Thanks
I'm just thanking you for correcting my daft mistake on List of Celtic Tribes. I have really tried with pages like that, and people like you remind me I MUST READ my edits properly in the mid of night! oterwise i will tell people the gauls went west to Turkey as i did...it's an interesting thought...if a tad wrong! I hope people like you are watching my tail in future, but i won't need it! Ciriii 01:07, 16 January 2006 (UTC)

Noah's Ark
Rob, how much of an expert are you on Mesopotamian myth? Please have a look at the section "Other flood stories" (or whatever it's called) on the article Noah's Ark and check for accuracy. Thanks. PiCo 01:39, 20 January 2006 (UTC)

Khazars and Bulgars
Thanks for your positive remarks regarding the Khazars article. I note with interest that you are picking up a battle I gave up a long time ago, against the insistance on labeling the ancient Bulgars an Iranian peoples. I think this comes from Bulgarian nationalists' antipathy to Turks and things Turkic.I have yet to have one of these people actually give me a scholarly citation for this Pamirian nonsense. Keep up the good fight... I'll try to rally to the cause now that I'm not alone...Briangotts (Talk) (Contrib) 02:11, 23 January 2006 (UTC)

 * The guy you are now dealing with, Stephen, seems reasonable and he is likely right about other influences on a primarily Turkic language. The folks I was up against some months ago were on a crusade to eliminate all Turkic references. It was ridiculous. Briangotts (Talk) (Contrib) 02:14, 23 January 2006 (UTC)

hi, i need protection about "Bulgars", the article is under attack by Slavic nationalists. they want to remove all sources in the entrance. thanks for your help.--Finn Diesel (talk) 18:38, 8 April 2010 (UTC)

color scheme
What a fun page, your User page, but you didn't clarify if you had ever been mistaken for Napoleon. Anyway, among the little panels you have in place, there's (at least) one I can't read: It starts with "NYR" and I can perceive some fuzzy streaks in deep purple or blue at the right, but it is illegible. If you have control over the colors (I have no idea if these are standard or self-created patches) it would be appreciated by the color-blind if you would use something like white, yellow, or a very pastel shade of almost anything in the lettering. ThanksCarrionluggage 23:19, 27 January 2006 (UTC)

I see where you're coming from, but I didn't make those templates; I just picked them from this list. So I can't change them.--Rob117 23:23, 27 January 2006 (UTC)

The "NYR" one says I'm a New York Rangers fan.--Rob117 23:26, 27 January 2006 (UTC)

About You
I love all your About Me template things. Funny! By the way, I have a cousin with Asperger's. He's brilliant at age seven. -  C.     dentata    04:12, 7 February 2006 (UTC)

Ugarit
I am sure whatever you find will be extremely interesting. I always admire your brand of skepticism. -  C.     dentata    23:26, 10 February 2006 (UTC)

Bible and History buttinski
Don't expect historical accuracy (events)within Biblical literature. Its aim is to teach theology not accurate ancient history, and don't expect ancient history to be accurate either. Ancient history is a strange animal. Don't believe every thing you read, even skeptics are sometimes very uninformed. They don't have much interest in the ancient past, they just enjoy looking for loop holes. If you cannot find the "historical" Robin Hood or the "historical" King Arthur how the hell do think anyone can find the "historical" Abraham or the "historical" Jesus. It just ain't gonna happen. User:Kazuba 6 May 2006

Category:Aspergian Wikipedians
Category:Aspergian Wikipedians which you have included on your user page has been proposed for deletion you can comment at Categories for deletion. The is also a proposal to create an association to meet the needs of users with mental health conditions. --Salix alba (talk) 18:54, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

Edits to Lucifer
Greetings, Rob. While you are absolutely correct that the passage in Ezekiel refers not to the Devil, but to the king of Tyre, this (and the "Lucifer passage") are the sources for most of the Christian doctrines on the existance and character of Lucifer. Instead of removing that information, perhaps it would be better to show why this is a misunderstanding? Justin Eiler 03:45, 2 March 2007 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:07, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:32, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Contests
User:Dr. Blofeld has created WikiProject Africa/Contests. The idea is to run a series of contests/editathons focusing on each region of Africa. He has spoken to Wikimedia about it and $1000-1500 is possible for prize money. As someone who has previously expressed interest in African topics, would you be interested in contributing to one or assisting draw up core article/missing article lists? He says he's thinking of North Africa for an inaugural one in October. If interested please sign up in the participants section of the Contest page, thanks.♦ -- Ser Amantio di Nicolao Che dicono a Signa?Lo dicono a Signa. 01:36, 21 July 2016 (UTC)

title: User talk:Rob117


text:
Talk:Zula

Zula Restaurant
I assume that Zula of Houston serves Eritrean cuisine, and that's why it was included here. I know of a Zula in Washington, DC and I'm sure there are others wherever there is a substantial Eritrean community. I propose we delete the restaurant from this article; if it and other Zula Restaurants are sufficiently noteworthy then put them in their own articles. -- Gyrofrog (talk) 16:55, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Zula Restaurant in Houston serves New American Cuisine. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.173.13.134 (talk • contribs) 06:38, 28 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I've checked here and, indeed, it is New American Cuisine. I'll remove it from the article; if someone else deems this restaurant sufficiently noteworthy, then he or she can create an article for it. -- Gyrofrog (talk) 15:39, 28 October 2005 (UTC)

Zula Productions
Zula Productions has absolutely nothing to do with Zula in Eritrea. Thus I've moved that information to its own article. -- Gyrofrog (talk) 17:02, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Zula


text:
Memory-disk synchronization

Memory-disk synchronisation is a process used in computers that immediately writes to disk any data queued for writing in volatile memory. Data is often held in this way for efficiency's sake, since writing to disk is a much slower process than writing to RAM. Disk synchronization is needed when the computer is going to be shut down, or occasionally if a particularly important bit of data has just been written.

In Unix-like systems, a disk synchronization may be requested by any user with the sync command.

title: Memory-disk synchronization


text:
User talk:Preconcept

Please do not add commercial links or links to your own private websites to Wikipedia. Wikipedia is not a vehicle for advertising or a mere collection of external links. See the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. Rl 16:55, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Preconcept


text:
Phelon & Moore

Phelon & Moore manufactured motorcycles in Cleckheaton, Yorkshire, England from 1904 to 1967, particularly those under the Panther marque. They became identified with a design of motorcycle which had a large sloping 40-degree single-cylinder engine as a stressed member of the frame. This design spanned the entire history of the company, starting with a 500 cc model and ending with a 645 cc model.

Precursor
The sloping stressed member concept was patented in 1901 by Joah ("John") Carver Phelon and his nephew Harry Rayner (Patent GB190103516). Phelon & Rayner made the first chain-driven motorcycle in 1900. The Phelon & Rayner 1.75 hp machines were only in production until 1903, but they also licensed the design to Humber Motorcycles, who produced motorcycles based on it from 1902 until 1906. After Harry Rayner died in a car accident, Joah Phelon went into partnership with Richard Moore.

P&M motorcycles
Phelon & Moore was established in 1904, and their motorcycles were branded as P&M. The 1905 P&M featured an inclined single cylinder 4-stroke engine as a stressed member in the frame with 2-speed gear and chain drive to the rear wheel, it being the 'first completely chain driven motor cycle'. P&M motorcycles competed in the first International Six Days Trial (ISDT) in 1913 (now called the International Six Days Enduro). Three P&M motorcycles competed in the 1914 ACU six days trial, all 3.5 hp solo models (of 498cc).

In July 1914 P&M revealed details of their prototype 90 degree V-twin, their first deviation from the single cylinder motor cycles for which they were known. When the V-twin was launched in November 1914 it featured a four-speed gear, and was of 770cc, rated as 6 hp. It appears only a handful of the twin were built, though it appeared in catalogues until 1916. The four-speed gear arrangement used on the V-twins was re-introduced for the single in 1922, and at the same time the engine capacity was increased from 499cc to 555cc. This was the last model to carry the P&M name, later models being branded as Panther.

The Royal Flying Corps used P&M motorcycles during the First World War, keeping P&M busy throughout the conflict. P&M were also selected as the suppliers when the Royal Armoured Corps added sidecars to their range of vehicles in 1922.

Panther motorcycles
The first Panther was launched in 1924, but the Phelon & Moore name was not dropped until somewhere around 1929.

In 1932 the Panther Model 100, an OHV 600 cc single, was launched. This was produced through to the sixties, ending its run as the 645 cc Panther Model 120 of 1967. This line of Panthers was the most famous of all Phelon & Moore models.

These heavyweight big single-cylinder "slopers" were often described as "firing once every lamp-post" due to their low rpm. Promoted as "The Perfected Motorcycle" they were noted for innovation for most of their history. Panthers were often used for hauling sidecars, a role in which the high torque output of a high capacity single-cylinder engine with its large flywheels was well suited, but the popularity of sidecar outfits eventually waned.

The combination of the advent of cheap cars and the collapse of the British motorcycle industry brought production to an end. They are simple and fairly robust machines which inspire enormous enthusiasm in their owners. These factors, combined with relatively low cost, have resulted in a fair number of Panthers being still in use.

Phelon & Moore also produced a range of lightweight machines, also generally carrying the name Panther or Red Panther, using their own four-stroke single engines and Villiers two-stroke engines. The Red Panther was known for being the cheapest complete bike available in the thirties, priced at a fraction under £30. In 1934 a 250 cc Red Panther won the Maudes Trophy.

The early postwar models (both Lightweight and Heavyweight) were fitted with air/oil damped Dowty "Oleomatic" telescopic forks.

During the scooter boom of the late 1950s, P & M imported a scooter (Scooterrot) and moped from French manufacturer Terrot, which were plagued with troubles. This gave P & M the chance to develop their own scooter, the Panther Princess, but it was not a success and helped bring about the demise of P & M as motorcycle manufacturers. In 1962 the receiver was called in, and production staggered on until 1966.

"Heavyweight"
Phelon & Rayner Humber Phelon & Moore
 * 1.75 hp Phelon & Rayner (1901–1903)
 * 1.5/1.7 hp Humber (1901–1903)
 * 2.75 hp Humber Olympia (1902–1905)
 * 4.5 hp Humber Olympia (1905)
 * 2.75 hp (1904–1906)
 * 3.5 hp (1904–1907)
 * First real heavyweight 412cc

 * 3.5 hp Forecar (1904)
 * 3.5 hp Standard (1908–1914)
 * 465cc (1908–1912)
 * 499cc (1913 – 1914 & 1920 1922)

 * 3.5 hp Colonial (1911–1914)
 * Heavier duty version

 * 3.5 hp RFC/RAF Model (1914–1921)
 * military version produced during First World War

 * 4.5 hp Model A (1922–1925)
 * 555 cc, two speed gearbox and two speed primary with combination foot and hand gear change giving four gears.

Phelon & Moore race bikes
 * TT Entrant (1925–1926, 1928)
 * TT Replica (1926–1928)
 * Cinder Track (1928)
 * 185 lb dirt tracker

Panther
 * Panther (1924–1929)
 * Panther Standard (1927)
 * Panther Cub (1927)
 * Stripped down version of Standard

 * Panther Model 1 (1928)
 * Introduction of Model numbers

 * Panther Model 1a (1928)
 * Twin exhaust port model

 * Panther Model 2 Standard (1928)
 * Panther Model 3 (1928)
 * 598 cc

 * Panther Model 60 (1929–1935)
 * A renamed Model 3 and subsequently the origin of the Model 100

 * Panther Model 85 (1929–1930)
 * 598 cc

 * Panther Model 50 (1930–1935)
 * 498 cc

 * Panther Model 55 (1931–1935)
 * 498 cc

 * Panther Model 55
 * 490 cc

 * Panther Model 90 Redwing (1931–1938)
 * 490 cc

 * Panther Model 70 Express (1932)
 * Panther Model 100 (1932–1963)
 * 598 cc

 * Panther Model 95 (1938–1939)
 * Vertical engine – low production numbers
 * 500 cc

 * Panther Model 120 (1959–1966)
 * 645 cc, effectively an enlarged Model 100

Four-stroke lightweights

 * Panther Panthette (1930) (250 cc unit construction transverse V-twin, unsuccessful, only Panther four-stroke twin made, rare)
 * Pre-war 250s include:
 * Model 30 (1932)
 * Model 40
 * Model 70 Redwing
 * Red Panther Standard
 * Red Panther Model 20 Deluxe
 * Red Panther Model 20
 * Post-war 250s include:
 * Model 60
 * Model 65
 * Model 65 Deluxe
 * Pre-war 350s include:
 * Model 80 Redwing
 * Redwing 85
 * Red Panther Model 30
 * Post-war 350s include:
 * Model 70
 * Model 75 (1949–1962)
 * Model 75 Deluxe

Two-stroke lightweights
(Villiers motors)
 * Model 10/3 (1956–1960) (197 cc single; 3 gears)
 * Model 10/4 (1956–1960) (197 cc single; 4 gears)
 * Model 45 (1959–1964) (324 cc twin )
 * Model 35 (1958 to 1966) (249 cc twin)

title: Phelon & Moore


text:
Test (Unix)

test is a command-line utility found in Unix, Plan 9, and Unix-like operating systems that evaluates conditional expressions. test was turned into a shell builtin command in 1981 with UNIX System III and at the same time made available under the alternate name [.

Overview
The  command in Unix evaluates the   parameter. In most recent shell implementations, it is a shell builtin, even though the external version still exists. In the second form of the command, the  (brackets) must be surrounded by blank spaces (this is because   is a program and POSIX compatible shells require a space between the program name and its arguments). One must test explicitly for file names in the C shell. File-name substitution (globbing) causes the shell script to exit.

The  command is not to be confused with the   reserved word that was introduced with ksh88. The latter is not a command but part of the ksh88 syntax and does not apply file-name substitution to glob expressions.

The version of  bundled in GNU coreutils was written by Kevin Braunsdorf and Matthew Bradburn. The command is available as a separate package for Microsoft Windows as part of the UnxUtils collection of native Win32 ports of common GNU Unix-like utilities. The test command has also been ported to the IBM i operating system.

Syntax
or

Arguments
The following arguments are used to construct this parameter. All arguments return  if the object (file or string) exists, and the condition specified is true.

For the  argument, if the specified file exists and is a directory, the   exit value indicates that the current process has permission to change   into the directory.

Non standard Korn Shell extensions
file1 -nt file2 - file1 is newer than file2 file1 -ot file2 - file1 is older than file2 file1 -ef file2 - file1 is another name for file2 - (symbolic link or hard link)

String arguments
In Perl, these sections are reversed:  is a string operator and   is a numerical operator, and so on for the others.

-n String1 - the length of the String1 variable is nonzero -z String1 - the length of the String1 variable is 0 (zero) String1 = String2 - String1 and String2 variables are identical String1 != String2 - String1 and String2 variables are not identical String1 - true if String1 variable is not a null string

Number arguments
Integer1 -eq Integer2 - Integer1 and Integer2 variables are algebraically equal -ne - not equal -gt - greater than -ge - greater or equal -lt - less than -le - less or equal

Operators
arguments can be combined with the following operators: ! - Unary negation operator -a - Binary AND operator -o - Binary OR operator (the  operator has higher precedence than the   operator) \(Expression\) - Parentheses for grouping must be escaped with a backslash

The  and   operators, along with parentheses for grouping, are XSI extensions and are therefore not portable. In portable shell scripts, the same effect may be achieved by connecting multiple invocations of  together with the   and   operators and parentheses.

Exit status
This command returns the following exit values:

0 - The Expression parameter is true 1 - The Expression parameter is false or missing >1 - An error occurred

Examples
1. To test whether a file is nonexistent or empty, type: If the file specified by the first positional parameter to the shell procedure, $1, does not exist or is of size 0, the test command displays the message. If $1 exists and has a size greater than 0, the test command displays nothing.

Note: There must be a space between the -s function and the file name.

The quotation marks around $1 ensure that the test works properly even if the value of $1 is a null string. If the quotation marks are omitted and $1 is the empty string, the test command displays the error message:

test: argument expected.

2. To do a complex comparison, type: If the shell procedure is given fewer than two positional parameters or the file specified by $1 does not exist, then the shell procedure exits. The special shell variable $# represents the number of positional parameters entered on the command line that starts this shell procedure.

title: Test (Unix)


text:
File:Chickenorfish.jpg

Jessica's infamous "Chicken or Fish" moment on MTV's Newlyweds: Nick and Jessica.

Rationale of fair use for Newlyweds: Nick and Jessica
The image Image:Chickenorfish.jpg is being linked here; though the picture is originally copyright, I --The lorax (talk) 12:42, 3 August 2009 (UTC) feel it is covered by fair use because:
 * 1) The screenshot is of lower resolution than the original video (copies made from it will be of inferior quality).
 * 2) No free or public domain images have been located for this person.
 * 3) The screenshot does not limit the copyright owners' rights to distribute the video in any way.
 * 4) The screenshot is being used for informational purposes only, and its use is not believed to detract from the original video in any way.

title: File:Chickenorfish.jpg


text:
Chamber of Deputies (Tunisia)

The Chamber of Deputies (مجلس النواب Majlis an-Nuwwāb, Chambre des députés) was the lower chamber of the Parliament of Tunisia, the bicameral legislative branch of the government of Tunisia. It had 214 seats and members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms. 20% of the seats are reserved for the opposition. Elections are held in the last 30 days of each five-year term. To be eligible for office, one must be a voter with a Tunisian mother or father and be at least 23 years old the day candidacy is announced. The last election to the Chamber of Deputies was held in October 2009.

Under the original Tunisian constitution, the Chamber of Deputies theoretically possessed great lawmaking powers, and even had the right to censure the government by a two-thirds majority. In practice, the body was dominated by the Democratic Constitutional Rally (formerly the Neo-Destour Party and Socialist Destour Party) from independence until the 2011 Tunisian revolution. The Neo-Destour won every seat in the Chamber at the first elections in 1959. From then on, Tunisia was effectively a one-party state, even though opposition parties nominally remained legal until 1963. Even after opposition parties were legalized again in 1981, they did not manage to enter the Chamber of Deputies until 1994. Even then, in the five elections held before the overthrow of President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali in 2011, they never accounted for more than 19 percent of the total seats in the chamber. During the last few years of Ben Ali's tenure, the chamber took an increased role in debating national policy. However, all legislation still originated with the president, and there was little meaningful opposition to presidential decisions.

After the Tunisian Revolution of 2011, the Chamber of Deputies was replaced by the Assembly of the Representatives of the People as Tunisia's legislature.

title: Chamber of Deputies (Tunisia)


text: User talk:70.31.6.34

title: User talk:70.31.6.34


text:
Agelasine

Agelasines are 7,9-dialkylpurinium salts isolated from marine sponges (Agelas sp.). They are considered secondary metabolites. Their contribution to the sponge is assumed to be some sort of protection against microorganisms. At the present time a total of eleven 9-methyladeninium salts, agelasine A–I, epiagelasine C and agelin B, are known. All compounds carry a diterpenoid side chain in the adenine 7-position. The agelasines are closely related in structure with the agelasimines.

Chemists have reproduced (−)-agelasine A, (−)-agelasine B, (−)-agelasine E, (−)-agelasine F, and (+)-agelasine D by organic synthesis.

Agelasines are associated with bioactivities such as antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects, as well as contractive responses of smooth muscles and inhibition of Na/K-ATPase (NaKATPase). Furthermore, in vitro activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis is reported for agelasine F.

title: Agelasine


text:
File:All That Jazz.jpg

All That Jazz poster

Fair use in All That Jazz
Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because:
 * 1) It's a low resolution copy of a Film Poster / VHS or DVD Cover.
 * 2) It doesn't limit the copyright owner's rights to sell the film in any way, in fact, it may encourage sales.
 * 3) Because of the low resolution, copies could not be used to make illegal copies of the artwork/image.
 * 4) The image is itself a subject of discussion in the article or used in the infobox thereof.
 * 5) The image  is significant because it was used to promoted a notable film.

Source

 * 1) Derived from a digital capture (photo/scan) of the Film Poster/ VHS or DVD Cover (creator of this digital version is irrelevant as the copyright in all equivalent images is still held by the same party). Copyright held by the film company or the artist.  Claimed as fair use regardless.

title: File:All That Jazz.jpg


text:
Zev Braun

Zev Braun (October 19, 1928 – October 17, 2019) was an American motion picture producer. Though much of his work is in television (most notably as the executive producer of the Tour of Duty series) he was a successful filmmaker from the early 1960s onwards.

Early life
Braun was born in Chicago, Illinois. His interest in filmmaking led him fresh from studying Humanities and Classic Arts at the University of Chicago to enter movies while still serving as President of Braun International, his family's packaging firm.

1960s
In 1964, his production of Goldstein won the Prix de la Nouvelle Critique at the Cannes Film Festival.

1970s
In 1974, his co-production of Maximilian Schell's The Pedestrian won the Golden Globe Award as Best Foreign Film, and was nominated for an Academy Award in the same category. His production of The Little Girl Who Lives Down the Lane, starring Jodie Foster and Martin Sheen, was voted Best Horror Film by the Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy and Horror Films.

Some of Braun's other productions in the 1970s include: Angela, starring Sophia Loren and John Huston; Freedom Road, starring Muhammad Ali and Kris Kristofferson; and The Fiendish Plot of Dr. Fu Manchu, starring Peter Sellers and Helen Mirren.

1980s
In 1984, Braun again teamed up with director Schell to co-produce Marlene, which earned him another Academy Award nomination for Best Documentary Feature along with winning the New York Film Critics Award, The National Society of Film Critics Award and the National Board of Review Award.

The 1987–88 television season saw Braun's company bring to the screen the two-hour television film, Stillwatch, starring Lynda Carter and Angie Dickinson; a four-hour miniseries, Murder Ordained, starring JoBeth Williams, Keith Carradine and Terry Kinney; and a two-hour NBC film, The Father Clements Story, starring Louis Gossett Jr., Malcolm-Jamal Warner and Carroll O'Connor (winner of the Christopher Award and CEBA Award). Tour of Duty, the highly acclaimed weekly prime-time series about the Vietnam War, also premiered in 1987, and ran for three successful seasons on CBS. Other television series from Braun include Murphy's Law, starring George Segal, which ran on ABC and Bagdad Cafe, starring Whoopi Goldberg and Jean Stapleton for CBS.

Another of Braun's productions in the 1980s is Where Are The Children?, starring Jill Clayburgh and Frederick Forrest.

1990s
In 1991, Braun executive produced A Seduction in Travis County, a two-hour movie for CBS, starring Lesley Ann Warren, Peter Coyote and Jean Smart. Expanding into the cable marketplace, he executive produced Split Images, a two-hour film based upon the best selling novel by Elmore Leonard and starring Gregory Harrison. In 1994, Braun executive produced the critically praised four-hour mini-series Menendez: A Killing In Beverly Hills for CBS starring Edward James Olmos and Beverly D'Angelo. Also that year at CBS was Dominick Dunne's 919 Fifth Avenue, a two-hour pilot film that starred James Marsden and Denise Richards.

In 1996, Abducted: A Father's Love, a two-hour NBC film starring Chris Noth, Peter MacNicol and Stepfanie Kramer, turned out to be one of the highest rated television films for the year and was highly acclaimed, as well. Lethal Vows, starring John Ritter and Marg Helgenberger, aired on CBS in 1999, and proved to be the network's highest rated prime time program for the first 10 months of the year.

Braun then produced Edges of the Lord, a feature film shot in Poland and starring Haley Joel Osment and Willem Dafoe, distributed by Miramax Films.

2000
Braun executive produced the CBS 2005 May Sweeps entry, Amber Frey: Witness for the Prosecution starring Janel Moloney and Terry Kinney.

Braun won a GLAAD Media Award for Outstanding Movie for Television for the highly rated film he produced for Lifetime Television, A Girl Like Me: The Gwen Araujo Story, directed by Agnieszka Holland starring Mercedes Ruehl.

Most recently, Braun executive produced the Lifetime hit film The Gabby Douglas Story, which starred Regina King and Imani Hakim.

Personal life
Zev Braun was a member of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, as well as the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences. He served on the Board of Trustees for The American Foundation for AIDS Research (amFAR), and the board of directors for The Heart Touch Project. Zev Braun was also a founding member of the board of directors for GIRF (the Gastro-Intestinal Research Foundation) of the University of Chicago hospital and served as the chairman of the board for the International Kidney Institute at UCLA. Braun also served as a member of the board of directors for the Sabin Vaccine Institute. He was awarded the City of Hope's Golden Key for his work in connection with this organization.

He was the father of the former Rice University Men's Basketball head coach Ben Braun. and sons Jerry and Jon, an editor in Los Angeles.

He married his first wife, Joan, and they lived in Glencoe, Illinois.

Braun lived in Los Angeles and was the CEO of Braun Entertainment Group based in Culver City. He died on October 17, 2019, two days before his 91st birthday.

title: Zev Braun


text:
Basra International Airport

Basra International Airport (مطار البصرة الدولي) is international airport in Iraq, serving the southern city of Basra. As of 2022, Basra International Airport is the fourth-busiest airport by total passenger traffic and aircraft operations in the country, behind the airports in Baghdad, Najaf and Erbil.

Construction
The airport was built in the 1980s and then developed in the 1980s by the Iraqi Government department State Organisation for Roads and Bridges (SORB) as a gateway to the only port in Iraq. It is claimed that the airport was built only as a facility for VIPs and was only used rarely.

Renovation and military use
Renovation of the airport was supposed to proceed with the construction of a new terminal under German contract but the project prematurely ceased with the outbreak of the 1991 Gulf War. Actual development proceeded in the airport only after the 2003 US invasion of Iraq. Some facilities were refurbished under a contract by United States Agency for International Development. The project is broad as it includes building air traffic control towers and other navigational facilities, as well as the construction of transportation and communications facilities.

The airport was eventually reopened in June 2004. The event was marked by the traditional sheep sacrifice as an Iraqi Airways Boeing 727 jet landed from Baghdad. It was the beginning of a new domestic service in Iraq between Baghdad and Basra. However, many of the passengers complained about the lack of basic facilities. Problems included air conditioning and toilets.

Reconstruction of the airport is still under way to improve the facilities. Iraqi Airways has already operated routes from this airport, and was its second hub.

Between 2003 and 2009 there was a significant Royal Air Force presence at the airport as No. 903 Expeditionary Air Wing was deployed here with a variety of fixed-wing and rotary such as:

Fixed-wing
 * Hawker Siddeley Nimrod MR.2
 * Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules C.4 & C.5
 * British Aerospace 125

Rotary
 * Boeing Chinook HC.2
 * Westland Sea King HC.4
 * Westland Lynx AH.7/AH.9
 * Westland Gazelle AH.1
 * Westland Puma HC.1
 * Westland Merlin HC.3

The unit was re-deployed to Camp Bastion, Afghanistan during mid 2009.

The United States Army has also deployed a number of aircraft to Basra irregularly:
 * Boeing AH-64 Apache

The Danish Air Force also deployed some aircraft:
 * Eurocopter Squirrel

Ground operations
Following the American control and since 2002, SkyLink Arabia has been providing ground operations and fuel supply at the airport. In 2014 Group holding services with its subsidiary Basra ground handling services company with the partnership of Iraq airways took over the ground handling operations at the airport.

During 2010 access to the airport was strictly controlled by checkpoints situated at the main Airport entrance. Navigating this was done strictly on the production of a flight reference number for outward travel. The US Government (USG), accommodated at the adjacent US Consulate, required dedicated transfer services from the Consulate to the Airport terminal. A newly established company, Personal Transition Services (PTS), was contracted by several of the USG elements to perform this service. The company started by providing services directly to and from the Airport, but quickly grew into a company that provide full life support services further to the south close to the Iraq/Kuwait border at Safwan. PTS became the first International company to have a desk inside the main Airport terminal, from where the locally employed staff were able to provide both English and Iraqi speaking services.

Statistics
Source: COSIT. Air Transport Activity Statistics, years 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021 and 2022.

title: Basra International Airport


text:
Rosie Ledet

Rosie Ledet (born Mary Roszela Bellard; October 25, 1971) is an American Creole Zydeco accordion player and singer. Since circa 2020, she also performs under the name Rosie Bellard.

Her songs are known for their sultry and suggestive lyrics. She tours and records with her band, the Zydeco Playboys.

Biography
Born in Church Point, Louisiana, Ledet listened to rock music in her youth. Although she was in an environment where zydeco was heard, she took little interest in the music at the time. She first became fascinated with zydeco music when she was 16 years old. She attended a zydeco dance at Richard's Club, a famous zydeco club in Lawtell, Louisiana, and saw Boozoo Chavis play, which inspired her to start learning to play zydeco. At this dance, she also met Morris Ledet, her husband-to-be.

She learned the accordion watching Morris play. When he heard her, he stepped aside allowing her the spotlight, and became her accompanist on the bass guitar. Morris then brought Rosie to his producer, Mike Lachney, a veteran zydeco producer. Lachney was so impressed that he quickly set up a recording session. Lachney then took Ledet to Floyd Soileau, of the Maison de Soul label. Soileau also was impressed and gave Lachney a contract to produce five albums with Ledet. She started playing around Louisiana and Texas in 1994. The same year, she released her debut album Sweet Brown Sugar on the Maison de Soul label.

She resides in Iota, Louisiana.

Discography

 * 1994 Sweet Brown Sugar (Maison de Soul)
 * 1995 Zesty Zydeco (Maison de Soul)
 * 1997 Zydeco Sensation (Maison de Soul)
 * 1999 I'm a Woman (Maison de Soul)
 * 2000 It's a Groove Thing! (Maison de Soul)
 * 2001 Show Me Something (Maison de Soul)
 * 2003 Now's the Time (Maison de Soul)
 * 2005 Pick It Up (Maison de Soul)
 * 2011 Come Get Some (JSP Records)
 * 2013 Slap Your Mama (JSP Records)
 * 2015 Raw! (Nizzari Music)

Awards and honors

 * 1995: Best of the Beat Awards, Best Emerging Zydeco Band or Performer
 * 1995: Best of the Beat Awards, Best Zydeco Vocalist
 * 1996: Best of the Beat Awards, Best Emerging Zydeco Band or Performer
 * 1996: Best of the Beat Awards, Best Zydeco Band or Performer
 * 1996: Best of the Beat Awards, Best Zydeco Vocalist

title: Rosie Ledet


text:
Dofus

Dofus is a tactical turn-based massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) developed and published by Ankama Games, a French video game manufacturer. Originally released only in French, it has since been translated into many other languages. The game includes both pay-to-play accounts offering the full experience and free-to-play accounts offering a more limited amount of content. Its success has led to the marketing of spin-off products, such as books, art, comics and a movie released in 2016. It has also led to the development of two continuations: Dofus Arena, released at the beginning of 2006, which is an alternative "tournament" version of Dofus; and Wakfu, a sequel to Dofus. The game has attracted over 40 million players worldwide and is especially well known in France.

Context
Dofus takes place in the World of Twelve, a High fantasy universe. Players must find the six primordial Dofus, dragon eggs that confer great power on their bearer, which are scattered across the world. The game features an open world that allows for a high level of player autonomy. Players can choose to engage in Player versus player combat, Player versus environment combat, or participate in the game's economy by obtaining and/or trading in-game items.

Universe
Dofus is the first Ankama product to take place in the transmedia world of the Krosmoz. From this first success will appear many derivative products, including two other video games, Arena in 2011 then Wakfu the following year, a television show (Wakfu, Dofus: Aux trésors de Kerubim) and a movie (Dofus, book 1: Julith).

The first derivative work is the manfra Dofus, the first volume of which was released on October 10, 2005. It is written by Tot, co-creator of the game, and drawn by Ancestral Z.

Gameplay
Dofus takes place in "The World of Twelve", named for the 12 gods that inhabit it. Players control a 2D avatar belonging to one of 19 character classes in a third-person view. Each class has a unique set of spells that other classes can not obtain. As with most other massively multiplayer online role-playing games, players gain levels by obtaining experience. Experience can be gained by defeating monsters and completing quests. With each level, players gain points that can be used to improve their avatar's characteristics and spells. Players can access new spells and equipment by advancing in level. Players receive a special 'aura' when they reach level 100, and gain a different aura at 200, the maximum level. Players may also decide to take up professions and frequently band together to undertake dungeons. Many also become part of guilds, to more easily coordinate with others. Players complete quests to gain experience and other rewards.

While the game takes place in real-time, combat in Dofus is conducted more like a turn based strategy game – where each player takes it in turns to make a series of moves and attacks within a time limit. As such, when a player attacks monsters – they are transported to a 'copy map' where the fighting takes place. Once a fight begins, no other players may join that fight. Players use a series of spells (which are unique to that character class) to, amongst other effects, attack, heal, buff or drain one's Action Points (AP) or Movement Points (MP). All actions done in combat (by both players and monsters) consumes an amount of AP and all movement consumes MP. In combat if a character loses all of their health points (HP) they're rendered dead.

Characters in Dofus can learn various professions. There is a special type of profession called a specialization which can enhance item stats. Collecting professions involve players going out into the wilderness and collecting natural resources, such as certain wood and flowers. These can be made into breads and the like that restore health. They may also be sold as many of them are needed as quests items. Crafting professions involve the player piecing collected resources together to make a vast array of different items. Players gain experience in each profession by gathering the resources of that profession and/or by crafting items, depending on the type. As a player's collecting profession gains levels, they can collect new types of resources and obtain resources quickly. When a crafting profession levels, the player can create more powerful items and create them with a higher success rate, meaning that crafting will fail less often.

The currency used in Dofus is called "Kamas" (k). There are three cities that contain a marketplace where people can buy and sell goods and equipment for a fee. The kamas from these sales deposit directly into the player's bank account. Accounts are separated into two categories, Free-to-Play and Pay-to-Play. The game includes a zone accessible to Free-to-Play accounts. Free accounts have access to the new player zone of Incarnam and access to the city of Astrub and most of its outlying areas. This makes it possible for a new player to enjoy seemingly full game play, unbounded by time restrictions. Access to the entire world of Dofus—including access to other cities, participating in factional Player vs. Player battles and being able to raise profession levels above 30—requires a monthly fee, with discounts given for longer term subscriptions.

Classes

 * Feca's Shield, Fecas have a human-like appearance and form the defensive spellcaster class. They are seen as defensive supporters and/or resistant tanks - with spells involving increasing ally resistance to attacks and laying a variety of (spell) glyphs which AoE damage or effects. Weapon speciality: staffs.
 * Osamodas's Whip, Osamodas are the summoner classes and have an imp appearance with horns and a tail. They are able to summon various AI monsters to fight alongside them - however the AI of these monsters deter many from selecting this class. They also share many cleric-type spells making them a secondary healer. Due to their many summons, they are balanced supporters with a weapon speciality in hammers.
 * Enutrof's Fingers, Enutrofs are depicted as elderly humanoids and are known as the treasure hunter class - around which their spells and abilities revolve. Enutrofs have a higher probability of obtaining rare drops when fighting against monsters in Dofus. They are seen as the multi-purpose ranged supporter class and are the only class with a weapon speciality in shovels.
 * Sram's Shadow, Srams are a skeleton assassin/thief character class in Dofus with their appearance differing depending on the gender of the character. Their playing style is said to be more tactical than the other classes - being the only class that lay a variety of hidden traps on the ground and can render themselves invisible to get into close range. As a result, they are evasive close combat attacker with a unique weapon speciality in daggers.
 * Xelor's Sandglass, Xelors are the specialist denial and crowd control class with their spells focused upon restricting the moves of opponents. However, they do have a number of ranged attacks and are therefore seen as the evasive ranged attacker. They have a mummy-like appearance with robotic features and a weapon speciality in hammers.
 * Ecaflip's Coin, Ecaflips have a cat-like appearance and are the gambler class - with their main theme being chance or luck. They have attacks and buffs that can be either beneficial or harmful and are seen as the versatile attacker. Weapon speciality: swords.
 * Ouginak's Rage, they are heavy hitting barbarians of fury with a dog-like appearance, their special ability is Bow Wow.
 * Eliotrope's Portal, An offshoot to the Eliatropes from Wakfu Eliotropes have the ability use Portal magic and cast spells through their portals for added damage, with further distances between portals resulting in greater damage
 * Eniripsa's Hands, Eniripsas have a fairy appearance that differs depending on the gender of the character. They are the healer or clerics of Dofus with a range of healing and buff spells. They are also the only class with a weapon speciality in wands.
 * Iop's Heart, Iops form the warrior/paladin high-damage-dealing class. They have a noseless appearance but with no pupils in their eyes. They are the specialist class in Dofus for close combat attackers. Weapon speciality: swords.
 * Cra's Range, Cras are the elf-like archer class in Dofus making them a specialist long ranged attacker. Many of their spells are linked to the bow and range. Unsurprisingly, they are the only class with a weapon speciality in bows, but maybe some will use daggers.
 * Hupermage's Rune, Huppermages the elemental mages in Dofus They are able to combine Fire, Air, Water, and Earth to cast spells with multiple effects
 * Sadida's Boots, A race of tree people that are the invoker class and offensive ranged attacker. Their spells orient around nature and various voodoo dolls tile offensive ranged attacker. Weapon speciality: staffs.
 * Foggernaut's Steem, Technomage Tactitions Foggernauts are able to summon various AI turrets that each perform different functions including Damage, Healing, and Positioning.
 * The Rouge Ruse, Rogues are experts in Explosives they are able to summon bombs, use spells that can make them more powerful as well as move them, and can line up their bombs to create bomb walls
 * Masqueraider's Mystique, as their name suggests, they wear masks, those masks help vary their combat and element style also giving them the ability to change the mask as they see fit.
 * Sacrier's Blood, Sacriers Berserkers and the primary tanks in Dofus. Their spells concentrate around receiving damage to do damage & protecting allies in a tanking role. Their appearance is similar to that of zombies. They are the only class that does not have a weapon speciality. They're humanoids with pointed ears, orange hair and noseless male.
 * Pandawa's Pint, As their names suggest, they have a panda-like appearance. Their spells are focus upon making an opponent weaker to attacks and two different states reliant on drinking ""Bamboo Milk"". With their wide variety of spells, they are seen as the multi-purpose balanced close combat fighter. They are the only class with a speciality in Axes.
 * Forgelance's Heritage, Forgelances are the lancer class of Dofus. They are able to cast spells through their lance and they specialize in positioning and protection

Development
Dofus began development in 2001 as the first title of Ankama games. The title was developed in Adobe Flash at their office in Roubaix by a small team, and ran from within a browser. 80,000 players were involved in the beta test, ahead of the French launch in 2004 and an international launch in September 2005. By 2007 Dofus had reached 3 million players, and by 2008, Dofus was the sixth most subscribed MMO in the world.

Dofus underwent a major overhaul in 2009, with the 2.0 update changing the graphics systems and netcode, as well as featuring a new soundtrack. The update retained the Flash platform. By 2010, Dofus had reached 30 million registered players, with around 3.5 million active subscribers at that time. Retro servers, which remained at version 1.29 of the game and were not supported with further updates, launched in 2016.

The player base peaked around the early 2010s and entered into a slow decline, leading to server mergers. Adobe Flash was discontinued at the end of 2020, after which the developers stated their intention to develop a new title using the Unity engine rather than port the existing game to another format. By 2021, the declining player base led the heroic mode servers to close, and declining player numbers caused a series of additional server mergers in 2022. The nineteen international (non-French language) servers were merged into four, and finally into a single server in October 2022. A quest to reunite the six primordial Dofus, the end of the core story of the game, was added in a May 2023 update.

Critical reception
The game received "positive" reviews, according to video game review aggregator Metacritic. Dofus has also received international gaming awards including the Bytten Ernie Award for Best Graphics And Concept Art in 2007 and the Audience Award at the Independent Game Festival in 2006.

 * Best game and Public Choice at the Flash festival in France in May 2004.
 * Game of the month by the Edge Magazine in July 2005.
 * Best game and Public Choice at Flashforward Film Festival of Seattle in February 2006.
 * Public Choice at the Independent Games Festival (IGF) of San Jose in March 2006.

Animated series
In 2013 an animated series entitled Dofus aux trésors de Kérubim (English: Dofus: The Treasures of Kerubim) based upon the game began airing on France 3. The series is set 200 years before the beginning of the MMORPG and follows the character of Kerubim throughout various points in his life. The premise has Kerubim narrating several of his adventures to his adopted son Joris and their housekeeper Simone. Dofus consists of 52 episodes, each running 13 minutes apiece. The movie Dofus Book I: Julith was released on February 3, 2016. An English dub of the series debuted in the United States on VRV in November 2017. It was removed in late-2019.

Main characters

 * Kerub Crepin - Kerub takes the leading role as head of the house, father figure, shop keeper and storyteller. Most episodes focus on stories of his past, and he often maintains the leading role in present-day episodes as well. Through his many stories, viewers get to know him as a child, a teenager and an adventurer in his prime. These different periods of heroism, conquest and bravado are contrasted by his current wisdom, melancholy and care for Joris. Having left many flaws in his past, he often delivers morals to Joris, but he still displays mischief and other traits that children may identify with.
 * Joris - Joris, 7 years old, is the second focus of the series, a young boy whom the target audience can relate to with his mischief, disdain for chores and love of stories and (child-scale) adventures. He is always pressing his "Papycha" for more stories, asking about the various magic items in the shop, all of which were acquired through adventuring. He is very curious and obedient and clearly loves his adoptive father. His pet flea Flifli is often helpful in situations of need, frequently acting like a guard dog.
 * Simone - Simone is an Osamodas maid that is hired by Kerub in the second episode, although her arrival is based on a misunderstanding. Although she plays a secondary role in most episodes, she becomes a member of the family after a fashion despite being aloof toward most people, with the notable exception of Joris, with whom she sometimes behaves like a nanny. She also befriends Luis quickly, which allows her to set both the house and the household straight. She develops a romantic relationship with a local Ecaflip hairdresser named Julie, but her sexual orientation is never treated as out of the ordinary or used to make a point. Despite working as a maid, she is fearsome in a fight and secretive about her past.
 * Lou - Lou is the lifelong love interest of Kerub, and also a capable Ouginak adventurer in adulthood. Featuring in many episodes focused on the past, the Ouginak is sometimes seen as a prize, sometimes as a companion, and sometimes as a disgruntled lover to win back. Her strong temperament often clashes with Kerub's exuberant and carefree attitude, but his love for her is never diminished. She, on the other hand, seems to have left him for good and is never seen in the present day.
 * Indie Delagrandaventure - The Ouginak Indie Delagrandaventure is Kerub's greatest rival. Similar in many ways, yet perfect opposites in others, they have spent their whole lives competing to determine who was the greatest adventurer. In their youth, they also competed for the love of Lou, but neither of them truly won that competition. Where Kerub relies heavily on luck and persuasion, Indie owes his success entirely to skill and discipline. He sees himself as a gentleman adventurer, refined and respectable, and Kerub as a "stray" merely playing at being a hero.

Supporting characters

 * Luis - As the living house where current-day events take place, the Shushu Luis is mostly involved in conversation, but he also has control over various parts of the house and can use doors, among other things, to hinder or assist Kerub depending on his mood. One episode is dedicated to showing how Kerub and Lou came into "possession" of him.
 * Ecaflip - As Kerub was raised in Ecaflip's temple and became his favorite disciple, the god Ecaflip makes several appearances throughout the series, influencing his luck, watching over him or placing challenges in his way.
 * Julie - Julie is a local Ecaflip hairdresser. She is revealed to be a lesbian as she falls for Simone the minute she sees her during Episode 1. They develop a romantic relationship and are always seen together going on dates.
 * Crocosec - Crocosec has an uncanny gift for disguise that is nothing short of unbelievable, which made him a valuable asset as part of Kerub's old crew. Unfortunately, he also feels uncontrollable urges to betray his allies at the worst times, but the others seem to accept his handicap rather gracefully.
 * Kanigroo - Kanigroo is an expert tracker with a zen attitude, who never resorts to violence despite his impressive strength. His extraordinary sense of smell also allows him to detect lies.
 * Tortue Brutale - This excitable member of Kerub's old crew has a fascination for explosives that needs to be kept in check by his friends, but his expertise on weaponry is equally valuable. He usually handles the more technical part of their operations.
 * Bash Squale - Although he and Kerub used to be best friends, Bash has never forgiven Kerub for his perceived betrayal (episode 7). As he lives close by, Kerub often tries to be cordial with him, but his efforts seem wasted, to his chagrin.

title: Dofus


text:
File:PreStitch.jpg

A 1985 concept sketch of Stitch by Chris Sanders. Scanned from Lilo & Stitch: Collected Stories From the Film's Creators.

Fair use rationale for Lilo & Stitch
Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because:
 * 1) It's a low resolution copy of a Film Poster / VHS or DVD Cover.
 * 2) It doesn't limit the copyright owner's rights to sell the film in any way, in fact, it may encourage sales.
 * 3) Because of the low resolution, copies could not be used to make illegal copies of the artwork/image.
 * 4) The image is itself a subject of discussion in the article or used in the infobox thereof.
 * 5) The image is significant because it was used to promoted a notable film.

Fair use rationale for Stitch (Disney)
Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because:
 * 1) It's a low resolution copy of a Film Poster / VHS or DVD Cover.
 * 2) It doesn't limit the copyright owner's rights to sell the film in any way, in fact, it may encourage sales.
 * 3) Because of the low resolution, copies could not be used to make illegal copies of the artwork/image.
 * 4) The image is itself a subject of discussion in the article or used in the infobox thereof.
 * 5) The image is significant because it was used to promoted a notable film.

title: File:PreStitch.jpg


text:
Canadian Scottish Regiment (Princess Mary's)

The Canadian Scottish Regiment (Princess Mary's) is a Primary Reserve infantry regiment of the Canadian Army based on Vancouver Island in British Columbia.

The regiment is located in Victoria, Nanaimo, and Courtenay, British Columbia. It is part of the 3rd Canadian Division's 39 Canadian Brigade Group, which commands all army reserve units in British Columbia. One of four infantry regiments in British Columbia, the Canadian Scottish is the largest reserve unit in Western Canada.

As a light infantry regiment the regiment trains in raids, reconnaissance patrolling, ambushes, amphibious operations and airmobile operations. The unit also trains to meet the realities of the "Three Block War" – warfighting, peacekeeping, and humanitarian support.

General
The Canadian Scottish Regiment (Princess Mary's) is actively involved in sending troops to various Canadian missions around the world.

As of 2012, all members of the regiment who were serving on combat operations with the Canadian Expeditionary Force in Afghanistan have returned home. Members of The Canadian Scottish Regiment have also been involved in peacekeeping missions; notably in Egypt, Golan Heights, Cyprus, Croatia, Bosnia, and Sierra Leone.

The regiment originated on 3 September 1912 when the 88th Regiment, Victoria Fusiliers, was authorized. When the 16th (Canadian Scottish) Battalion, CEF, was created in 1914, it drew on soldiers from four separate regiments – the 50th Regiment (Gordon Highlanders of Canada) in Victoria, the 72nd Seaforth Highlanders of Canada in Vancouver, the 79th Regiment (Cameron Highlanders of Canada) in Winnipeg, and the 91st Canadian Highlanders (Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders) in Hamilton. The desire was to not perpetuate specific regimental identities and so the new battalion was simply referred to as "Canadian Scottish".

The 16th Battalion served in the 3rd Brigade of the 1st Canadian Division. Since its early beginnings, the battalion had a high standard of conduct on the battlefield and was commanded by outstanding leaders. One such was Lieutenant General Sir Arthur Currie who rose to command the Canadian Corps during the First World War. Currie was a master tactician whose skills led the Canadians to victory at the Vimy Ridge, the Amiens, and the intense last Hundred Days campaign which ended the Great War.

Four members of the 16th Battalion were awarded the Victoria Cross. Private William Milne single-handedly attacked and destroyed two enemy machine gun nests at Vimy Ridge on 9 April 1917 and was killed the same day. Lance Corporal William Henry Metcalf and Lieutenant Colonel Cyrus Peck MP, won their VC's on the same day: 2 September 1918 during the Canadian Corps capture of the Drocourt-Quéant Line. Piper James Richardson who was just 18 years old when he enlisted, and was killed on October 8, 1916, during the Battle of the Somme shortly after having played his company through No Man's Land. He disappeared in shellfire after going back to retrieve the bagpipes he laid aside to bring back a wounded comrade. Piper James Richardson's Pipes were returned to the regiment in the 2000s after being found on display at a private school in Scotland due to research initiated by Pipe Major Roger McGuire. They were presented to the people of B.C. on November 8, 2006, at a ceremony on the lawn on the Provincial Legislature in Victoria. The pipes are on display in the Canadian Scottish Regimental Museum located in the Bay Street armoury.

After the war, the battalion disbanded, and in the 1920 re-organisation of the Militia, in the wake of the work of the Otter Commission, a new regiment was created amalgamating the 50th Regiment and the 88th Regiment Victoria Fusiliers, and named "The Canadian Scottish Regiment". The title "(Princess Mary's)" was appended in 1948 by permission of King George VI and Mary, Princess Royal and Countess of Harewood, who had consented to become colonel-in-chief of the regiment in 1930, being also colonel-in-chief of the Royal Scots (The Royal Regiment) since 1927, and to whom the Canadian Scottish had been allied in 1927.

The Canadian Scottish were unusual in 1939 in having two battalions on the strength of the Canadian Militia. The 1st Battalion was mobilized for overseas service in 1940 and trained in Debert, Nova Scotia, until August 1941, from where it moved to the United Kingdom as part of the 3rd Canadian Infantry Division. On 6 June 1944 C Company was in the first wave ashore in Normandy on Juno Beach, the rest of the battalion following in the second wave. The battalion proceeded to advance a total of six miles inland – farther than any other assault brigade of the British Second Army that day. The regiment went on to earn 17 battle honours, including one for the liberation of Wagenborgen, a Dutch village; this last honour was not awarded until the 1990s.

The Canadian Scottish Regiment (Princess Mary's)

 * Originated 3 September 1912 in Victoria, British Columbia as the 88th Regiment (Victoria Fusiliers)
 * Amalgamated 12 March 1920 with the 50th Regiment "Gordon Highlanders" and redesignated The Canadian Scottish Regiment
 * Redesignated 7 November 1940 as the 3rd (Reserve) Battalion, The Canadian Scottish Regiment
 * Redesignated 26 March 1942 as the 3rd (Reserve) Battalion, The Canadian Scottish Regiment (Machine Gun)
 * Redesignated 1 April 1946 as The Canadian Scottish Regiment
 * Redesignated 29 April 1948 as The Canadian Scottish Regiment (Princess Mary's)
 * Amalgamated 31 December 1954 with the 66th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, RCA and the 62nd Anti-Tank Battery (Self-Propelled), RCA, retaining its designation as The Canadian Scottish Regiment (Princess Mary's)

The 50th Regiment "Highlanders"

 * Originated 15 August 1913 in Vancouver, British Columbia as an "8 company Highland Regiment of Infantry"
 * Designated 21 November 1913 as the 50th Regiment "Highlanders"
 * Amalgamated 12 March 1920 with the 88th Regiment Victoria Fusiliers

66th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, RCA

 * Originated 1 August 1930 in Nanaimo, British Columbia as the 2nd Battalion, The Canadian Scottish Regiment
 * Amalgamated 15 December 1936 with "A" Company, 11th Machine Gun Battalion, CMGC, and redesignated as the 2nd Battalion (Machine Gun), The Canadian Scottish Regiment
 * Redesignated 7 November 1940 as the 2nd (Reserve) Battalion (Machine Gun), The Canadian Scottish Regiment
 * Redesignated 1 January 1941 as the 2nd Battalion, The Canadian Scottish Regiment
 * Redesignated 15 October 1943 as the 2nd (Reserve) Battalion, The Canadian Scottish Regiment
 * Converted 1 April 1946 to artillery and redesignated as the 66th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment (Canadian Scottish Regiment), RCA
 * Amalgamated 31 December 1954 with The Canadian Scottish Regiment (Princess Mary's) and the 62nd Anti-Tank Battery, RCA

62nd Anti-Tank Battery (Self-Propelled), RCA
Amalgamated 31 December 1954 with The Canadian Scottish Regiment (Princess Mary's) and the 66th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment (Canadian Scottish Regiment), RCA
 * Originated 2 February 1920 in Duncan, British Columbia as the 62nd Field Battery (Howitzer), CFA
 * Redesignated 1 July 1925 as the 62nd Field Battery, CA
 * Redesignated 3 June 1935 as the 62nd Field Battery (Howitzer), RCA
 * Redesignated 7 November 1940 as the 62nd (Reserve) Field Battery (Howitzer), RCA
 * Redesignated 1 April 1946 as the 62nd Anti-Tank Battery (Self-Propelled), RCA

Perpetuations

 * 16th Battalion (Canadian Scottish), CEF
 * 48th Battalion (British Columbia), CEF, later the 3rd Pioneer Battalion, CEF
 * 67th Battalion (Western Scots), CEF
 * 88th Battalion (Victoria Fusiliers), CEF
 * 103rd Battalion, CEF
 * 143rd Battalion (British Columbia Bantams), CEF

Motto
There are two English translations of the regiment's Gaelic motto Deas gu cath. Regimental histories and sources close to the regiment itself translate it as "Ready for the Fray" However, the Canadian Forces' Directorate of History and Heritage and the federal government's terminology database translate it as "Ready to sting".

The Great War
The 50th Regiment Gordon Highlanders and the 88th Regiment Victoria Fusiliers were placed on active service on 6 August 1914 for local protection duties.

The 16th Battalion (Canadian Scottish), CEF, was authorized on 1 September 1914 and embarked for Britain on 28 September 1914. It disembarked in France on 15 February 1915, where it fought as part of the 3rd Infantry Brigade, 1st Canadian Division in France and Flanders until the end of the war. The battalion was disbanded on 30 August 1920.

The 48th Battalion (British Columbia), CEF, was authorized on 7 November 1914 and embarked for Britain on 1 July 1915, where it was converted to a pioneer battalion and redesignated as the 3rd Canadian Pioneer Battalion, CEF, on 6 January 1916. It disembarked in France on 9 March 1916, where it served as part of the 3rd Canadian Division in France and Flanders until 17 April 1917, when its personnel were absorbed by the Canadian Corps in the field. The battalion was disbanded on 30 August 1920.

The 67th Battalion (Western Scots), CEF, was authorized on 20 April 1915 and embarked for Britain on 1 April 1916 where it was converted to a pioneer battalion and redesignated as the 67th Canadian (Pioneer) Battalion, CEF, on 15 May 1916. It disembarked in France on 14 August 1916, where it served as part of the 4th Canadian Division in France and Flanders until 28 April 1917, when its personnel were absorbed by the Canadian Corps in the field. The battalion was disbanded on 30 August 1920.

The 88th Battalion (Victoria Fusiliers), CEF, was authorized on 22 December 1915 and embarked for Britain on 31 May 1916. It provided reinforcements for the Canadian Corps in the field until 18 July 1916, when its personnel were absorbed by the 30th Reserve Battalion, CEF.

The 103rd Battalion, CEF, was authorized on 22 December 1915 and embarked for Britain on 23 July 1916, where it provided reinforcements for the Canadian Corps in the field until 7 January 1917, when its personnel were absorbed by the 16th Reserve Battalion, CEF. The 88th and 103rd Battalions were disbanded on 1 September 1917.

The 143rd Battalion (British Columbia Bantams), CEF, was authorized on 22 December 1915 and embarked for Britain on 17 February 1917, where its personnel were absorbed by the 24th Reserve Battalion, CEF, and the Canadian Railway Troops Training Depot on 15 March 1917 to provide reinforcements to the Canadian Corps in the field. The battalion was disbanded on 4 April 1918.

The Second World War
Details from the 1st Battalion were called out on service on 26 August 1939 and then placed on active service on 1 September 1939 for local protection duties. Details from the 2nd Battalion were placed on active service on 1 September 1939 for local protection duties. Details from the 62nd Field Battery, RCA were placed on active service on 1 September 1939 for local protection duties. These details were disbanded on 31 December 1940.

The regiment mobilized the 1st Battalion, The Canadian Scottish Regiment, CASF, on 24 May 1940. It embarked for Britain on 25 August 1941. On D-Day, 6 June 1944, it landed in Normandy, France, as part of the 7th Infantry Brigade, 3rd Canadian Infantry Division, and it continued to fight in North-West Europe until the end of the war. The overseas battalion was disbanded on 15 January 1946.

The regiment subsequently mobilized the 2nd (Reserve) Battalion as the 2nd Battalion, The Canadian Scottish Regiment, CASF, on 1 January 1941. It served in Canada in a home defence role as part of the 13th Infantry Brigade, 6th Canadian Infantry Division. The battalion was disbanded on 15 October 1943.

On 1 June 1945, a third Active Force component of the regiment, designated the 4th Battalion, The Canadian Scottish Regiment, CIC, Canadian Army Occupation Force, was mobilized for service in post-war Germany. The battalion was disbanded on 29 April 1946.

The 62nd Field Battery, in conjunction with the 44th Field Battery, RCA, mobilized the 44th/62nd Field Battery, RCA, CASF, for active service on 24 May 1940. This unit was reorganized as two separate batteries on 1 January 1941, designated the 44th Field Battery, RCA, CASF, and the 62nd Field Battery, RCA, CASF. It was redesignated the 62nd Light Anti-Aircraft Battery, RCA, CASF, the same day. The battery provided light anti-aircraft artillery support as part of the 11th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, RCA, CASF, 1st Canadian Anti-Aircraft Brigade in Great Britain. The overseas battery was disbanded on 1 March 1944.

Post-War:Korea and NATO
On 4 May 1951, the regiment mobilized two temporary Active Force companies designated "E" and "F" Company. "E" Company was reduced to nil strength when its personnel were incorporated into the 1st Canadian Highland Battalion (later the 1st Battalion, The Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment) of Canada) for service in Germany with the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. It disbanded on 29 July 1953. "F" Company was initially used as a reinforcement pool for "E" Company. On 15 May 1952, it was reduced to nil strength when its personnel were absorbed by the newly formed 2nd Canadian Highland Battalion (later the 2nd Battalion, The Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment) of Canada) for service in Korea with the United Nations. "F" Company disbanded on 29 July 1953.[7]

Afghanistan
The regiment contributed an aggregate of more than 20% of its authorized strength to the various Task Forces which served in Afghanistan between 2002 and 2014.

Battle honours
In the list below, battle honours in capitals were awarded for participation in large operations and campaigns, while those in lowercase indicate honours granted for more specific battles. Those battle honours in bold are emblazoned on the regimental colour. The old colours of the 88th Regiment Victoria Fusiliers were laid up in St. Mary the Virgin Anglican Church in Oak Bay from 1920 to 2023, when they were transferred to Canadian Scottish Regimental Museum. The retired regimental colours of the 16th Battalion CEF, 1st Battalion The Canadian Scottish Regiment and The Canadian Scottish Regiment (Princess Mary's) are laid up in Christ Church Cathedral (the regiment's kirk), Victoria. The retired regimental colours of the 2nd Battalion The Canadian Scottish Regiment are laid up in St. Paul's Anglican Church, Nanaimo.

First World War:

Gravenstafel

St. Julien

Pozières

Flers–Courcelette

Thiepval

Ancre Heights

Ancre, 1916

Vimy, 1917

Arleux

Scarpe, 1917, '18

Passchendaele

Drocourt–Quéant

Canal du Nord

Honorary distinction: oak leaf shoulder badge for the actions of the 16th "Overseas" Battalion, CEF, at Kitcheners' Wood on 22/23 April 1915 Second World War:

Putot-en-Bessin

The Orne

The Laison

Calais, 1944

Leopold Canal

Breskens Pocket

Waal Flats

Moyland Wood

Emmerich–Hoch Elten

Deventer

Wagenborgen South-West Asia:

History
Following the Great War, on 12 March 1920, the 50th and 88th Regiments were amalgamated and redesignated The Canadian Scottish Regiment, organized as a five battalion regiment with the 1st Battalion (16th Battalion, CEF) on the Non-Permanent Active Militia order of battle and the 2nd Battalion (48th Battalion, CEF), 3rd Battalion (67th Battalion, CEF), 4th Battalion (88th Battalion, CEF), and 5th Battalion (143rd Battalion, CEF) on the Reserve order of battle. On 1 August 1930, The Canadian Scottish Regiment was reorganized as a six battalion regiment with the 1st Battalion (16th Battalion, CEF) and 2nd Battalion (88th Battalion, CEF) (see below) on the Non Permanent Active Militia order of battle and the 3rd Battalion (67th Battalion, CEF), 4th Battalion (48th Battalion, CEF), 5th Battalion (143rd Battalion, CEF), and 6th Battalion (103rd Battalion, CEF) on the Reserve order of battle. The reserve units were disbanded on 14 December 1936.

On 1 April 1946, The Canadian Scottish Regiment was reorganized as a one-battalion regiment and on 29 April 1948, the regiment was redesignated The Canadian Scottish Regiment (Princess Mary's).

On 4 May 1951, the regiment mobilized two temporary Active Force companies designated "E" and "F" Company. "E" Company was reduced to nil strength upon its personnel being incorporated into the 1st Canadian Highland Battalion (which later became the 1st Battalion The Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment) of Canada) for service in Germany with the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. "F" Company was initially used as a reinforcement pool for "E" Company. On 15 May 1952, it was reduced to nil strength, upon its personnel being absorbed by the newly formed 2nd Canadian Highland Battalion (which later became the 2nd Battalion The Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment) of Canada) for service in Korea with the United Nations.

On 31 December 1954, the regiment was amalgamated with the 66th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, RCA, and the 62nd Anti-Tank Battery (Self-Propelled), RCA, retaining its designation.

The 66th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, RCA originated in Nanaimo, British Columbia on 1 August 1930, when the 2nd Battalion, The Canadian Scottish Regiment was authorized to be formed. On 15 December 1936, it was amalgamated with A Company, 11th Machine Gun Battalion, CMGC, and redesignated the 2nd Battalion (Machine Gun), The Canadian Scottish Regiment. On 1 April 1946, it was converted to artillery and redesignated the 66th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment (Canadian Scottish Regiment), RCA. On 31 December 1954, it was amalgamated with The Canadian Scottish Regiment (Princess Mary's) and the 62nd Anti-Tank Battery, RCA.

The 62nd Anti-Tank Battery (Self-Propelled), RCA originated in Duncan, British Columbia on 2 February 1920, when the 62nd Field Battery (Howitzer), CFA, was formed. It was redesignated the 62nd Field Battery, CA, on 1 July 1925, the 62nd Field Battery (Howitzer), RCA, on 3 June 1935, the 62nd (Reserve) Field Battery (Howitzer), RCA, on 7 November 1940 and the 62nd Anti-Tank Battery (Self-Propelled), RCA, on 1 April 1946. On 31 December 1954, it was amalgamated with The Canadian Scottish Regiment (Princess Mary's) and the 66th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment (Canadian Scottish Regiment), RCA.

Canadian Scottish Regiment (Princess Mary’s) Regimental Museum
The Museum presents, researches and preserves items of historic significance to the regiment and to the Infantry Branch. The artifacts assist military historians and serve as a training aid to teach regimental history. (48.4352°N, -123.3639°W), with displays of weapons, uniforms, medals and other items. The museum features a collection of small arms and regimental artifacts. The Museum is open in June, July and August on Tuesdays to Fridays from 10am to 4pm. From September to May the Museum is open on Tuesdays from 10am to 2pm.

The museum is affiliated with: CMA, CHIN, OMMC, BCMA, GVMMWG, and Virtual Museum of Canada.

Freedom of the City
The Freedom of the City was exercised by the Canadian Scottish Regiment (Princess Mary's) in Victoria, British Columbia on June 6, 1964, and in 2012. A brass plaque on the south face of the British Columbia Maritime Museum in Victoria, B.C. commemorates the granting of this honour. It was also exercised in Nanaimo, British Columbia on October 5, 1974; May 20, 1990 and September 16, 2012.

Cadet Corps
Three Royal Canadian Army Cadets corps on Vancouver Island are affiliated to The Canadian Scottish Regiment (Princess Mary's).

Cadet Corps affiliated to the Canadian Scottish are entitled to wear traditional regimental accoutrements on their uniforms and receive moderate support from the regiment and its association.

2308 RCACC, once located in Port Alberni, disbanded at some point between 2017 (when it was last mentioned in Regional Routine Orders) and 2023. The corps is still remembered in spirit through the annual 'four corps' gathering held on every Victoria Day weekend.

Alliances

 * 🇬🇧 - The Royal Scots Borderers This regimental alliance dates to 1927 when the Canadian Scottish Regiment was formally allied to The Royal Scots (The Royal Regiment), the senior regiment of infantry in the British Army

Media

 * Ready for the Fray (DEAS GU CATH): The History of the Canadian Scottish Regiment (Princess Mary's) 1920 to 1955 by Roy, Reginald H.; Grubb, David McClintock (1958)
 * Brave Battalion: The Remarkable Saga of the 16th Battalion (Canadian Scottish) in the First World War by Mark Zuehlke (Nov 5 2013)


text:
Claude Batley

Claude Batley F.R.I.B.A., F.I.A.A., (17 October 1879 in Ipswich – 20 March 1956, Bombay) was an English architect who as practitioner, teacher and President of the Indian Institute of Architects from 1921 to 1923, played an influential role in development of modern architecture in India in the first half of the 20th century.

Career
Born in Ipswich in 1879 and educated at Ipswich School, Batley served his articles locally and in London leaving for India in 1913. In Bombay he started a successful independent architectural practice in 1917 with partners Gregson and King, a firm of architects which is still extant under the name of Gregson, Batley and King.

Among his works are the Bombay Gymkhana (1917); Lincoln House (1933), previously Wankaner House, Breach Candy; Bombay Central Station (1930); Dariya Mahal, residence of Maharaja of Cutch (1930), South Court (1936), residence of Mohamed Ali Jinnah; Round Building (1937); Cusrow Baug in Colaba Causeway (1937–59) and its Agiary, known as The Seth Nusserwanji Hirji Karani Agiary (1938); Bombay Club (1939) later Hotel Nataraj and now Inter-Continental Mumbai, Lalbhai House (1942) and Breach Candy Hospital (1950).

He became a visiting professor in the J. J. School of Art in the year 1914, and its principal in the year 1923. He held this post for a period of 20 years, during which he took his students on trips all over the country making measure drawings of buildings of architectural significance. He spent a lot of time in research and documented Jaipur's architecture. He was the president of the "Bombay Architectural Association" (now merged into The Indian Institute of Architects) from 1925 to 1926.

He died 1956 in one of the buildings he had designed — The Bombay Club.

Buildings

 * Bombay Gymkhana (1917)
 * Lincoln House, Mumbai (1933)
 * Ahmedabad Town Hall
 * M. J. Library
 * Vijali Ghar
 * Shodhan House, Ahmedabad
 * Jinnah House
 * Breach Candy Hospital

title: Claude Batley


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Secure. Protect. Inspect.

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was dealt as copyvio. - Mailer Diablo 17:50, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

Secure. Protect. Inspect.
Seems to be an advert. DJ Clayworth 17:04, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * And a copyvio. Delete. Jaxl | talk 17:14, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Spam. Please. Delete. Tonywalton [[Image:Pentacle_1.svg|15px]] | Talk 17:14, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Certainly seems to be an ad and copyvio, from unregistered editor. -- WCFrancis 17:17, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.