text:
KFTR-DT

KFTR-DT (channel 46) is a television station licensed to Ontario, California, United States, serving the Los Angeles area as the western flagship station of the Spanish-language network UniMás. It is owned and operated by TelevisaUnivision alongside Univision station KMEX-DT (channel 34). The two stations share studios on Center Drive (near I-405) in Westchester; KFTR-DT's transmitter is located atop Mount Wilson. KFTR does not air any local newscasts of its own; however, the station does cross-promote sister station KMEX's local news programs.

KBSA
On December 18, 1962, Broadcasting Service of America filed an application for a construction permit to build a new TV station on channel 40 licensed to Guasti. The application was amended to specify channel 46 prior to being approved by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) on October 14, 1964. The permit took the call letters KBSA, for its ownership. William A. Myers, the principal of Broadcasting Service of America, was noted as concerned by the lack of local programming on television in a 1965 report on KBSA being authorized to locate atop Mount Wilson. With little fanfare, channel 46 finally signed on August 16, 1972, five days after the FCC granted KBSA program test authority; it primarily broadcast in Spanish. However, it then went silent from February 8 to June 7, 1973. Paul Crouch and Jim Bakker purchased time on the station to launch their television ministry, known as the Trinity Broadcasting Network, for which KBSA served as the network's original home.

A year later, KBSA was sold, first in a minority stake and then entirely, to the Berean Baptist Church; TBN would buy KLXA (channel 40) in Fontana and eventually renamed that station KTBN. Berean announced plans to telecast its own services over channel 46. Another program on channel 46 in 1974 was a legal review show, three nights a week, for students preparing for state bar examinations. In addition to programming from Berean, other churches aired regular programs on KBSA, including the First Christian Church of San Pedro. Together with KHOF-TV and KLXA, KBSA was the third religious TV station in southern California.

Berean entered into financial difficulties not long after acquiring channel 46, which escalated into a disagreement with Broadcasting Service of America. In an evident default, the KBSA transmission equipment was slated for public sale in August 1976. The station went silent in April 1977. The month before, Broadcasting Service of America entered into an agreement to sell the license for $1.8 million to Buena Vista Broadcasting Company, majority owned by Leon Crosby, who owned KEMO television in San Francisco. Three months later, however, Berean announced it had sold the station to a different concern: Metropolitan Broadcasting Company, owned by Robert F. Beauchamp, in a proposed $1.55 million transaction. The Buena Vista application was dismissed in 1978.

Despite the silence, channel 46 would soon enter into a fight for its life. On March 15, 1979, the FCC designated KBSA's application to renew its license for hearing. The move was made after the commission alleged that the station had broadcast false information about bond sales, diverted station operating funds, and carried out an unauthorized transfer of control. Bondholders and other creditors of KBSA were owed a collective $1.5 million by a station that had no assets or equipment—not even a telephone. A $2.2 million distress sale to a minority-owned group, Hispanic Broadcasters, Inc., was approved in March 1980. The next year, Hispanic Broadcasters and Leon Crosby—whose Buena Vista bid had been dismissed three years prior—sold the channel 46 license for $3.7 million to HBI Acquisition, also Hispanic-owned.

Catholic KIHS-TV
In preparation for returning to the air, on November 28, 1983, the call letters were changed to KIHS-TV; the seven-year silence was broken on April 21, 1984—the day before Easter Sunday. The "IHS" call letters referred to the Latin Christogram. With the de Rance Foundation, a large Catholic charity, as one of the stockholders in HBI Acquisition, channel 46's new programming was predominantly Catholic, with family movies and general entertainment shows filling out the schedule; the flagship program was a three-hour news magazine known as Heart of the Nation.

KIHS-TV initially broadcast 24 hours a day until cutting back to 18 hours in February 1985. Later in the year, it increased its secular output and began broadcasting more commercials, citing a need to improve its finances. Further secularization was to come in the fall of 1986 when channel 46 picked up the Independent Network News syndicated national newscast, a syndicated package of college football from service academies, movies and home shopping under the name "Shopping Line". Harry G. John, a major philanthropist involved with De Rance, had been dismissed after mismanagement of the foundation by spending millions on the television operations.

Home shopping as KHSC
In September 1986, the Home Shopping Network (HSN) acquired KIHS-TV for $35 million, putting an end to De Rance's plans to expand its Catholic programming nationwide. Heart of the Nation had shrunk to a 30-minute talk show and moved to KDOC on December 1, 1986, as channel 46 prepared to go to full-time home shopping, a switch that was made on December 8. Upon the closing of the HSN acquisition in January 1987, channel 46 was renamed KHSC, for the Home Shopping Club service. The new HSC outlet was the second most-successful of HSN's broadcast stations in sales volume in 1988, only trailing its stations in New York. In addition to home shopping programming, half–hour weather reports, public service announcements, and the public affairs program In Your Interests were added to fulfill local programming.

Sale to Univision
By 1998, after HSN bought the Universal Pictures TV assets from Seagram, Silver King Broadcasting became USA Broadcasting and plans were to switch all of its stations to a new general entertainment independent format known as "CityVision" featuring both locally-produced programming and live sports along with syndicated drama and sitcom reruns, movies and syndicated cartoons. Stations in Miami (as "WAMI 69"), Boston (as WHUB "Hub 66"), Atlanta (as WHOT-TV "Hotlanta 34"), and Dallas–Fort Worth (as "K-Star 49") had all switched to the format. Plans were for KHSC to become "Click 46" as KLIK. The Walt Disney Company was the leading candidate to buy the stations, which would have made channel 46 a sister to ABC's flagship KABC-TV. However, Univision Communications outbid Disney and in January 2002 used channel 46 (whose call letters were changed to KFTR-TV) and all but three of USAB's stations to become the nucleus for its new second network TeleFutura (now known as UniMás).

Programming
KFTR previously aired a one-hour extension of KMEX's weekday morning newscast at 7 a.m. This was later replaced with an entertainment program named Lanzaté. In addition, KFTR may also take on the responsibility of KMEX's newscasts in the event KMEX is unable due to special programming on Univision. One instance occurred during Univision's coverage of the 2014 FIFA World Cup, when KFTR aired KMEX's weekday morning newscasts while KMEX was airing a live broadcast of Despierta America. Another instance occurs every December, when KFTR airs KMEX's evening newscasts during Univision's coverage of Teletón USA.

Los Angeles Rams
In 2016, Univision announced a three-year deal to broadcast Spanish-language Los Angeles Rams programming, including preseason games and studio programs; this was the first time that Univision had ever entered into a media rights deal involving the National Football League. Programming aired on KMEX and KFTR and in the Bakersfield area on KABE-CD and KBTF-CD. In the last year of the agreement, only KFTR aired games.

Los Angeles FC
In April 2018, Univision Los Angeles announced an exclusive programming partnership with Los Angeles FC, a Major League Soccer club, becoming the official Spanish-language broadcaster. The deal included 18 regular season games and pre- and post-game shows on KFTR. The relationship ended after two years when these rights passed to Estrella TV/KRCA.

Subchannels
The station's signal is multiplexed:

In January 2010, KFTR upgraded its digital signal to transmit network programming in HD, as part of a company-wide upgrade of Univision's stations to allow high definition broadcasts. On December 5, 2010, sister station KMEX-DT began Mobile DTV broadcasts of its own signal and of KFTR-DT. KMEX-DT has two Mobile DTV feeds, one of subchannel 34.1, labelled "KMEX-MH1", and of sister station KFTR-TV 46.1, labelled "KFTR-MH2", broadcasting at 3.67 Mbit/s. It was the highest bitrate of any Los Angeles television station's mobile feed. In addition, the station is also simulcast over KMEX's second digital subchannel.

Translator

 *  Ridgecrest

Analog-to-digital conversion
KFTR-TV shut down its analog signal, over UHF channel 46, on June 12, 2009, as part of the federally mandated transition from analog to digital television. The station's digital signal remained on its pre-transition UHF channel 29, using virtual channel 46.

title: KFTR-DT


text:
Talk:Half-time

I un-linked "period" because I was trying to disambiguate it, and there isn't actually an article about sports periods. The closest I could come was Interval (time) or Innings, neither of which seemed right. I figured no link was better than a link that had nothing to do with this use of the word. --Brian Olsen 07:04, August 30, 2005 (UTC)

overview
Had a go at providing an overview of sports periods; function, prevalence, while sticking close to the concept of half-time and team sports.

Hakluyt bean 00:04, 7 May 2006 (UTC)

Time length
How long is half-time? That info isn't listed. Darwin's Bulldog 23:23, 25 December 2006 (UTC)

References anyone?
Most of this page is unreferenced. I am not going to tag the whole article, because frankly I'm sick of looking at the present tag boxes dominating my first view of half the articles on Wikipedia. But if you sports fans out there have got some refs that would be greatBrunswicknic (talk) 11:29, 18 August 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
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Rename
Based on that the two Google searches "half time music" and "half time sports" each generate around 3 billion hits, to comply with WP:PRIMARYTOPIC, "Half Time" should go to the present disambiguation page Half time (disambiguation) and this page should be renamed to be "Half-time (sports)".

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Half-time


text:
D. L. Bliss State Park

D. L. Bliss State Park is a state park of California in the United States. It is located on the western shore of Lake Tahoe just north of Emerald Bay State Park.

Notable features include Rubicon Point Light, the highest-elevation lighthouse in the United States. A popular trail in the lakeside forest features a large balancing rock.

The park is named in honor of timber and railroad magnate Duane Leroy Bliss, whose heirs donated 744 acre of land to the state in 1929. It has since grown to 2149 acre.

title: D. L. Bliss State Park


text:
Natalia Grosvenor, Duchess of Westminster

Natalia Ayesha Grosvenor, Dowager Duchess of Westminster (née Phillips; born 8 May 1959), is a British aristocrat, philanthropist and winemaker. She is the widow of the 6th Duke of Westminster and mother of the 7th Duke. As of 2024, the Duchess's family, specifically her son, were 11th on the Sunday Times Rich List with a net worth of £10.127 billion.

Early life
Born Natalia Ayesha Phillips, she is the youngest daughter of Lieutenant Colonel Harold "Bunnie" Phillips and Georgina "Gina" Wernher. Her paternal grandparents were Colonel Joseph Phillips and Mary Bryce, daughter of John Pablo Bryce. Her maternal grandparents were Sir Harold Wernher, 3rd Bt, and Countess Anastasia de Torby, morganatic daughter of Grand Duke Michael Mikhailovich of Russia. Tally, as she is known to friends and family, had an older brother, Nicholas (1947–1991), and three older sisters, including Marita Knight and the late Alexandra Hamilton, Duchess of Abercorn. She and her siblings are direct descendants of poet Alexander Pushkin and Afro-Russian engineer Abram Gannibal.

Activities
The Duchess supports many charitable endeavours in Cheshire and across the United Kingdom, these include the Alex Moulton Charitable Trust and the Hospice of the Good Shepherd.

The Duchess is godmother of William, Prince of Wales; in turn, Diana, Princess of Wales, was godmother of her daughter, Lady Edwina, and her son, Hugh, is the godson of Charles III and godfather to Prince George of Wales and Prince Archie of Sussex.

The Duchess owns a vineyard in Portofino called "La Cappelletta" where she produces Vermentino della Cappelletta, a Ligurian Vermentino.

Marriage and issue
Natalia met Gerald Grosvenor, Earl Grosvenor, at a ball at Blenheim Palace in 1977. When Natalia's maternal grandmother heard she was being courted by the heir to the dukedom of Westminster, she told her "Don't let him go. Don't let him go, you must come down and bring him to lunch".

They married the next year at St Mary's Church, Luton, near her family seat, Luton Hoo, on 17 October 1978. Natalia wore a gown designed by Sarah Butler and an antique diamond and spinel tiara which Grosvenor had bought for her that had belonged to Princess Catherine Bagration. Notable guests at the wedding included Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester, Prince and Princess Michael of Kent, and Lord Mountbatten, whose granddaughter, India Hicks, was a bridesmaid. Upon marriage, Natalia was styled as Countess Grosvenor.

Four months later, Grosvenor's father died and he became the 6th Duke of Westminster, thus making Natalia the Duchess of Westminster. They had four children and six grandchildren:
 * Lady Tamara Katherine Grosvenor (born 20 December 1979), married Edward van Cutsem, son of Hugh van Cutsem, on 6 November 2004 at Chester Cathedral. They have three children:
 * Jake Louis Hannibal van Cutsem (born 21 May 2009)
 * Louis Hugh Lupus van Cutsem (born 17 April 2012)
 * Isla van Cutsem (born December 2015)
 * Lady Edwina Louise Grosvenor (born November 1981), married Daniel Snow on 27 November 2010. They have three children:
 * Zia Snow (born 13 October 2011)
 * Wolf Robert Snow (born 9 September 2014)
 * Orla Snow (born December 2015)
 * Hugh Richard Louis Grosvenor, 7th Duke of Westminster (born 29 January 1991), married Olivia Henson on 7 June 2024.
 * Lady Viola Georgina Grosvenor (born 12 October 1992) married Angus Roberts, of the Royal Scots Dragoon Guards, in 2022.


text:
Charles Woods (politician)

Charles Woods (September 30, 1920 – October 17, 2004) was an Alabama businessman and broadcaster, and aspiring politician. Woods was raised in an orphanage. He enlisted in the Royal Canadian Air Force before joining the U.S. Army Air Corps in World War II. He was a decorated pilot with the Air Corps.

Early life and education
He was born Charles Arthur Morris. His divorced mother was unable to support her two young sons so she placed them in a state orphanage when he was five years old. He never saw her again and aged 6 was adopted by P. A. Woods family from Headland, Alabama. He attended schools in Hollywood, California, where his new family lived for some time, and in Headland.

Military career
Woods joined the RCAF and the United States Army Air Corps in 1941, eventually rising to the rank of Major.

Woods was severely injured in a 1944 airplane crash on December 23. He taxied down a runway in Kurmitola, India, carrying 28,000 pounds (12.7 tons of aviation fuel to be delivered in Lulaing, China. After making the trip alone, hundreds of times, on this particular trip, he was flying with a pilot-in-training, Captain Stalmacher, in first seat. Stalmacher erred on take-off, braking too soon causing the airplane to lose speed with too little runway left. The bomber exploded on take-off, and Woods was the only crew member who survived. He had severe burns over 70% of his body. The fire erased his face, destroying his nose, eyelids, ears and hands. He was transported to Valley Forge General Hospital, a military hospital in Pennsylvania six weeks after the accident. Since he was so weak, he could only travel short legs at one time. The 10,000 mile (16,000 km) trip proved arduous to Woods who arrived at Valley Forge malnourished, dehydrated and suffering from infections in addition to being severely burned.

Woods, severely burned, was dying and needed new skin. In desperation, skin was taken from a recently dead soldier, with his family's permission, and was draped onto Woods. This "foreign" skin normally would have been rejected by Woods's immune system within 10 to 14 days—too soon for his own skin to grow back. However, the new skin survived for more than a month, buying Woods just enough time to save his life. This breakthrough led to the development of techniques for organ transplant. He was a patient of Dr. Joseph Murray at Valley Forge General Hospital from 1945 to 1947. Murray won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1990 for work in organ and cell transplantation. Woods and his case is featured in Dr. Murray's 2001 autobiography, Surgery Of The Soul: Reflections on a Curious Career.

Over the next two years, Woods was operated on 24 times to construct a new face, often with very little anesthesia.

Radio and politics
Woods prevailed and began a very successful career in construction and in radio and television stations. He built a multimillion-dollar empire in franchises all over the country. He owned WTVY in Dothan, Alabama from its early years until 2000, in addition to other radio and television stations. He ran for governor and lieutenant governor of Alabama, once running against George Wallace. He was known for his long-form self-purchased television campaign commercials.

He came close to winning the Democratic nomination for Alabama Lieutenant Governor in 1974, leading in the first round of voting but losing in a runoff to incumbent Jere Beasley.

In Nevada, he had a respectable performance in the Democratic primary against Harry Reid in 1992, although Reid won re-election in the primary and the general election. Woods also sought the Democratic nomination for president in 1992 as a long-shot candidate. He showed best in North Dakota, winning 20.26% after write-in winner Ross Perot, Lyndon LaRouche and before eventual nominee and President of the United States Bill Clinton.

His presidential bid slogan was The Businessman's Approach.

Woods then ran in the Republican primaries for US Senate elections in Nevada in 1994 and Alabama in 1996, but lost in the primaries both times. In 2000 and 2002, he won the Democratic nominations to run in Alabama's second Congressional district, and was defeated by Republican Terry Everett twice. Despite the intense suffering he underwent, he always said, "I consider myself an ordinary man greatly blessed by God."

Personal life
Woods lived in Dothan, Alabama until his death in 2004. He was buried in Arlington National Cemetery.

Electoral history
Source:

Alabama gubernatorial election, 1966 (Democratic primary)
 * Lurleen Wallace – 480,841 (54.10%)
 * Richmond Flowers – 172,386 (19.40%)
 * Carl Elliott – 71,972 (8.10%)
 * Bob Gilchrist – 49,502 (5.57%)
 * Charles Woods – 41,148 (4.63%)
 * John Malcolm Patterson – 31,011 (3.49%)
 * Jim Folsom – 24,145 (2.72%)
 * A.W. Todd – 9,013 (1.01%)

Alabama gubernatorial election, 1970 (Democratic primary)
 * Albert Brewer – (Inc.) 428,146 (41.98%)
 * George Wallace – 416,443 (40.84%)
 * Charles Woods – 149,987 (14.71%)
 * Asa Carter – 15,441 (1.51%)
 * Jim Folsom – 4,123 (0.40%)
 * Coleman Brown – 2,836 (0.28%)
 * Shorty Price – 2,804 (0.28%)

Alabama lieutenant gubernatorial election, 1974 (Democratic primary)
 * Charles Woods – 310,351 (38.68%)
 * Jere Beasley (Inc.) – 308,182 (38.41%)
 * Richard Dominick – 150,455 (18.75%)
 * Ron Careel – 25,392 (3.17%)
 * Coleman Brown – 7,943 (0.99%)

Alabama lieutenant gubernatorial election, 1974 (Democratic runoff)
 * Jere Beasley – 393,077 (56.10%)
 * Charles Woods – 307,643 (43.90%)

Alabama gubernatorial election, 1978 (Democratic primary)
 * Fob James – 256,196 (28.47%)
 * Bill Baxley – 210,089 (23.35%)
 * Albert Brewer – 193,479 (21.50%)
 * Sid McDonald – 143,930 (15.99%)
 * Jere Beasley – 77,202 (8.58%)
 * K.C. Foster – 4,948 (0.55%)
 * Horace Howell – 4,730 (0.53%)
 * Jim Folsom – 4,632 (0.52%)
 * Bob Muncaster – 1,776 (0.20%)
 * Shorty Price – 1,396 (0.16%)
 * Charles Woods – 700 (0.08%)
 * Fred Sandefer – 622 (0.07%)
 * Cornelia Wallace – 217 (0.02%)

1992 United States presidential election (Democratic primary)
 * Bill Clinton – 10,482,411 (52.01%)
 * Jerry Brown – 4,071,232 (20.20%)
 * Paul Tsongas – 3,656,010 (18.14%)
 * Unpledged – 750,873 (3.73%)
 * Bob Kerrey – 318,457 (1.58%)
 * Tom Harkin – 280,304 (1.39%)
 * Lyndon LaRouche – 154,599 (0.77%)
 * Eugene McCarthy – 108,678 (0.54%)
 * Charles Woods – 88,948 (0.44%)
 * Larry Agran – 58,611 (0.29%)
 * Ross Perot (write-in) – 54,755 (0.27%)
 * Ralph Nader (write-in) – 35,935 (0.18%)
 * Louis J. Stokes – 29,983 (0.15%)

United States Senate election in Nevada, 1992 (Democratic primary)
 * Harry Reid (Inc.) – 64,828 (52.82%)
 * Charles Woods – 48,364 (39.40%)

United States Senate election in Nevada, 1994 (Republican primary)
 * Harold Furman – 58,521 (50.46%)
 * Charles Woods – 29,601 (25.52%)

United States Senate election in Alabama, 1996 (Republican primary)
 * Jeff Sessions – 82,373 (37.81%)
 * Sid McDonald – 47,320 (21.72%)
 * Charles Woods – 24,409 (11.20%)
 * Frank McRight – 21,964 (10.08%)
 * Walter D. Clark – 18,745 (8.60%)
 * Jimmy Blake – 15,385 (7.06%)
 * Albert Libscomb – 7,672 (3.52%)

U.S. House of Representatives, Alabama's 2nd district (2000)
 * Terry Everett (R, incumbent) – 151,830 (68.20%)
 * Charles Woods (D) – 64,958 (29.18%)
 * Wallace B. McGahan (L) – 4,111 (1.85%)

U.S. House of Representatives, Alabama's 2nd district (2002)
 * Terry Everett (R, incumbent) – 129,233 (68.75%)
 * Charles Woods (D) – 55,495 (29.52%)
 * Floyd Shackelford (L) – 2,948 (1.57%)

title: Charles Woods (politician)


text:
Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita

Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita (abbreviated to SED more often than SDC) is a rare disorder of bone growth that results in dwarfism, characteristic skeletal abnormalities, and occasionally problems with vision and hearing. The name of the condition indicates that it affects the bones of the spine (spondylo-) and the ends of bones (epiphyses), and that it is present from birth (congenital). The signs and symptoms of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita are similar to, but milder than, the related skeletal disorders achondrogenesis type 2 and hypochondrogenesis. Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita is a subtype of collagenopathy, types II and XI.

Presentation
People with spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia are short-statured from birth, with a very short trunk and neck and shortened limbs. Their hands and feet, however, are usually average-sized. This type of dwarfism is characterized by a normal spinal column length relative to the femur bone. Adult height ranges from 0.9 meters (35 inches) to just over 1.4 meters (55 inches). Curvature of the spine (such as kyphoscoliosis and lordosis) progresses during childhood and can cause problems with breathing. Changes in the spinal bones (vertebrae) in the neck may also increase the risk of spinal cord damage. Other skeletal signs include flattened vertebrae (platyspondyly), a hip joint deformity in which the upper leg bones turn inward (coxa vara), and an inward- and downward-turning foot (called clubfoot). Decreased joint mobility and arthritis often develop early in life. Medical texts often state a mild and variable change to facial features, including cheekbones close to the nose appearing flattened, although this appears to be unfounded. Some infants are born with a cleft palate. Severe nearsightedness (high myopia) is sometimes present, as are other eye problems that can affect vision such as detached retinas. About one-quarter of people with this condition have mild to moderate hearing loss.

Causes
Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita is one of a spectrum of skeletal disorders caused by mutations in the COL2A1 gene. The protein made by this gene forms type II collagen, a molecule found mostly in cartilage and in the clear gel that fills the eyeball (the vitreous). Type II collagen is essential for the normal development of bones and other connective tissues. Mutations in the COL2A1 gene interfere with the assembly of type II collagen molecules, which prevents bones from developing properly and causes the signs and symptoms of this condition.

Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, which means one copy of the altered gene is sufficient to cause the disorder.

Management
There is no treatment for the underlying condition. Supportive/symptomatic treatment is based on the traits present in each person with the condition.

Notable people

 * Michael Dunn, Oscar- and Tony-nominated American actor, The Wild Wild West, Star Trek
 * Warwick Davis, English actor and TV presenter, Willow, Return of the Jedi, Leprechaun film series. His two children also have SED.
 * Lenny Rush, English actor, Am I Being Unreasonable?
 * Natalia Grace, Ukrainian-born American with dwarfism, The Curious Case of Natalia Grace
 * Alexander Katan, Dutch Jewish accountant, teacher, and translator who was murdered by the Nazis during the Holocaust, photos of him were notoriously on display in various museums.

title: Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita


text:
User talk:Nik 40

Thanks for experimenting with the page Loans Affair on Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. -- cate

title: User talk:Nik 40


text: User talk:218.124.126.45

title: User talk:218.124.126.45


text:
Doheny State Beach

Doheny State Beach (known colloquially as Doho) is known as the first state beach in the California state park system. Located on the Pacific Ocean in the city of Dana Point, the beach is adjacent to several surf spots and scenic beaches including Salt Creek Beach, Baby Beach, and Capistrano Beach. Along with its neighbors, Doheny beach is a popular surf spot located at the mouth of San Juan Creek, which flows from the Santa Ana Mountains southwest to the beach, where it forms a fresh-water lagoon.

History
The original inhabitants of Doheny were the Acjachemen (Juaneno) tribe who occupied the land that is now considered Orange County. It is estimated that they inhabited the land for close to 9,000 years before their first contact with Europeans in 1769 with Gaspar de Portola and his Spanish soldiers and Franciscan missionaries. The presence of the Spanish and missionaries led to the eventual end of the Acjachemen settlement and culture through strenuous labor, disease, and confinement and also led to the construction of Mission San Juan Capistrano in the middle of an Acjachemen village in 1776.

The beach is named after Edward L. Doheny who in 1893, borrowed money to dig the City of Dana Point's first oil well and struck oil 200 feet deep, creating an oil empire from the initial investment. And on May 31, 1931, right before he died, the beach was donated for public use.

On July 1, 1963, the beach was named Doheny State Beach in his honor. The original donation was 41 acre. An additional 21 acre was later added by acquisitions from the Santa Fe Railroad, University of California Regents, and the Union Oil Company. An additional 192 acre not owned by the state are included in the site's official total area.

In the late 1930s, the Civilian Conservation Corps built campgrounds, picnic areas, and custodian lodges in Doho under the "New Deal" program under the Roosevelt administration. The structures are now mostly gone, with some remnants remaining.

In October 2022, the California Coastal Commission approved Doheny Desalination Plant that will draw water offshore from the state beach and will be capable of producing 5 to 15 million gallons of fresh water per day.

Surf culture
The city of Dana Point, the home of Doheny, was once one of the most attractive surf epicenters of Southern California for its incredible waves, the most famous being "Killer Dana".

"Killer Dana" was known as a "brutal" right hander wave that was located at the headland, very close to Doheny. The wave attracted people all over to watch, surf, and live by the surf breaks of Dana Point, boosting the areas economy, but most importantly, culminating in both a rich culture and deep respect for California's natural ecosystems.

The first talks of the installation of a harbor right at the headland shocked and angered the residents of Dana Point. The idea was first heard in 1964 when it was said the Dana Point Chamber of Commerce was seeking gov and military assistance for the installation of the harbor. Despite local outcry for the waves, culture, and local ecosystems, the wave was killed on August 29, 1966, along with it, a large part of the city's culture and natural ecosystems.

The installation of the harbor changed the surf at Doheny's beaches but its vibrant surf lifestyle still remains strong. The surf break in Doheny is known to be a beginner level spot while its neighbor break Strands is considered experienced. Its well-known for its consistent reef break and long rides (on good days can be 300m).

There are four "takeoff spots" within Doheny:

 * "Boneyard"
 * "Doheny Rivermouth"
 * "Second Spot"
 * "The Hammer"

Recreational uses
The beach covers an area of 62 acre and includes a day use surfing beach at the northern end, as well as campgrounds in its southern area. The beach is one of California's most popular camping grounds and attracts over 850,000 people per year. The beach has tide pools and a visitor center with several aquariums.

Ecology
The beach is home to several types of marine life, such as abalone, anemone, several types of sea bass, crabs, the common dolphin, harbor seal, kelp, California moray, sea urchin, octopus, stingrays, several varieties of sharks (including the Great White), as well as many other marine life. Several types of birds also live at the beach such as brown pelican, great blue heron, snowy egret, and several other species.

The area is known for its mild weather, making Doheny beach especially attractive. Average summer temperatures range in high 70s while winters typically only reach low to mid 60s

Educational program
Doheny State Beach offers year-round interpretive education programs in marine life, bird life, animal life, water quality, insects, and Native American studies.

In popular culture

 * The beach is mentioned in several surf rock songs including the Beach Boys songs "Surfin' Safari" and "Surfin' U.S.A." In "Surfer Joe" by the Surfaris, Doheny Beach is the favorite hangout of the song's protagonist. Jan & Dean's "Dead Man's Curve" also mentions Doheny, but that refers to Doheny Drive, which intersects Sunset Boulevard near the west end of the Sunset Strip in West Hollywood.

title: Doheny State Beach


text:
User talk:Frogular

Welcome!

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Hello, please check the Wing Chun talk page for a response to your statement about the Wing Chun punch. Thanks. Tarkovsky

Cia factbook vs imf
I agree with your proposal. Otherwise people will just fight over it and waste time. I do however question why you assume the IMF is better than the cia a estimating gdp. Particularly in this case the IMF appears to have grossly miscalucalted equitorial guinea gdp. Are you sure its from this year?
 * It's really hard to objectively state that either IMF or CIA is more accurate, but without details of either's methodologies, I would be inclined to favor the IMF as they are an organization that has more expertise in economics and finance, whereas the CIA has more expertise in less-relevent fields of intelligence. Frogular 04:02, 19 March 2006 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Kenneth Chung

A tag has been placed on Kenneth Chung requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A7 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be about a real person or group of people that does not credibly indicate how or why the subject is important or significant: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, such articles may be deleted at any time. Please read more about what is generally accepted as notable.

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title: User talk:Frogular


text:
Oku-sama wa Joshi Kōsei

Oku-sama wa Joshi Kōsei (おくさまは女子高生) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Hiyoko Kobayashi. It started in the supplementary edition of Shueisha's seinen manga magazine Weekly Young Jump, Young Jump Zōkan Mankaku in January 2001, and transferred to the main magazine in October of the same year, concluding in March 2007. Its chapters were collected in 13 volumes. The series centers on a couple whose age difference makes it difficult for them to further their relationship, as one is a high school girl and the other is her physics teacher.

A video game based on the series was released for the PlayStation 2 and later the Dreamcast as a "Director's Edition", both in 2002. A 13-episode anime television series adaptation, produced by Avex Entertainment and Madhouse, was broadcast from July to September 2005, with each episode composed of two mini-episodes.

Plot
Asami Onohara (小野原 麻美) is a 17-year-old high-school student (voiced by Ayako Kawasumi) with a secret which has not been revealed to anyone: she is already married. Her husband, Kyosuke Ichimaru (市丸 恭介) (voiced by Mitsuaki Madono), is a physics teacher in the same high school as her. However, even though they are officially a married couple, Asami's father forbids them to have any sexual contact until after Asami has graduated. Asami has to hide the fact that she is married to Kyosuke while trying desperately to further their relationship, and it does not help when there are so many obstacles from her father and other third parties.

Manga
Written and illustrated by Hiyoko Kobayashi, Oku-sama wa Joshi Kōsei debuted in the supplementary edition of Shueisha's seinen manga magazine Weekly Young Jump, Young Jump Zōkan Mankaku on January 11, 2001. It was later transferred to the main magazine on October 4, 2001, and finished on March 15, 2007. Shueisha first released a limited tankōbon volume on June 20, 2002, and started publishing it in wideban volumes on November 20 of the same year. The thirteenth and last volume was published on June 20, 2007.

Anime
A 13-episode anime television series adaptation, produced by Avex Entertainment and animated by Madhouse, was broadcast on Television Kanagawa, TV Saitama, and other JAITS stations from July 3 to September 25, 2005.

Video game
A video game based on the series was released for the PlayStation 2 on June 20, 2002, and later for the Dreamcast, as a "Director's Edition", on November 21 of that same year.

title: Oku-sama wa Joshi Kōsei


text:
User:Metallicaguy2

under construction

title: User:Metallicaguy2


text:
User talk:Freehat704

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AfD nomination of Hueco Mundo
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title: User talk:Freehat704


text:
Dockweiler State Beach

Dockweiler State Beach is a beach in Los Angeles, California, with 3.75 mi of shoreline, a hang gliding practice and training area. Although a unit of the California state park system, it is managed by the Los Angeles County Department of Beaches and Harbors. Part of the park is located directly under the flight path of the adjacent Los Angeles International Airport (LAX). The 91 acre property was established in 1948. Originally part of Venice-Hyperion Beach State Park, it was renamed in honor of prominent early Angeleno Isidore B. Dockweiler in 1955.

Location
Dockweiler State Beach is in the Playa del Rey neighborhood at the western terminus of Imperial Highway. Between the beach and the airport lies the ghost town of Palisades del Rey.

In August 2000 parkgoers witnessed smoke and flames shooting out of a Boeing 747's engine and metal parts as large as a dishwasher landing on the beach. The KLM flight bound for Amsterdam had just taken off from LAX and suffered a possible bird strike in one of its four jet engines. The aircraft was able to circle and land again without injury to the 429 people aboard.

Hang gliding
The park boasts of the Dockweiler Hang Gliding Center and the Hang Gliding Flight Training Concession; where beginners can learn the sport of hang gliding; experienced hang glider enthusiasts may practice the art and sport as the plaque set in 2000 at the site indicates. Enthusiasts and students of the concession launch off 25 ft dunes. The facility was built by the city, county, and state; to serve lesson-and-renting needs. A concession is operated by a concession named WindSports International, Inc. under a limited contract. With gentle breezes and a broad, sandy landing zone, Dockweiler was a major testing ground for hang gliding pioneers in the 1960s. Concerned about safety and liability, however, city officials banned the sport at the beach in 1986. Practitioners lobbied for 13 years to reopen Dockweiler to hang gliding, ultimately winning a $6 million renovation in 2000 that included the Dockweiler Hang Gliding Center. It was the first hang gliding park established in conjunction with a city government. Friends of Dockweiler Gliding Society (FDGS) was founded at the 2015 Otto Lilienthal Birthday Party sponsored by the US Hawks Hang Gliding Association; the FDGS is a non-profit organization dedicated to preserving the park's gliding activity for the public.

Bicycle path
The Dockweiler State Beach bicycle path is maintained by the Los Angeles Department of Transportation. It runs from Ballona Creek to the El Segundo city limit. Bike Path ID: 22. Mileage: 3.79. This bicycle path connects to the Ballona Creek bicycle path at its northernmost point and is part of the 22-mile coastal Marvin Braude Bike Trail system.

Use
One of the few beaches in Los Angeles County where bonfires are permitted, it is popular for barbecues and picnics.

Wildlife
Snowy Plovers nest on the beach.

title: Dockweiler State Beach


text:
User talk:Frogpelt

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --Alan Au 07:11, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
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title: User talk:Frogpelt


text:
Del Norte Coast Redwoods State Park

Del Norte Coast Redwoods State Park is a state park of California, United States, and a component of the Redwood National and State Parks. The property is about half old-growth forest of coast redwoods and includes 8 mi of wild Pacific coastline. The park was significantly expanded in 2002 with the 25000 acre Mill Creek Addition. Originally established in 1925, the park is now 31261 acre. The park was designated part of the California Coast Ranges International Biosphere Reserve in 1983.

Proposals for closure
A proposal to close a portion of this park placed it on the list of 48 California state parks proposed for closure in January 2008 by Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger as part of a deficit reduction program. The decision was rescinded following public outcry. However, in May 2011 the park was one of 70 state parks threatened with closure. In October 2011 the National Park Service agreed to provisionally take over management of Del Norte Coast Redwoods for one year.

title: Del Norte Coast Redwoods State Park


text:
Telephone numbers in Singapore

Telephone numbers in Singapore, also known as the National Numbering Plan, are regulated by the Info-communications Media Development Authority (IMDA). Due to the small geographical size of Singapore, there are no area or trunk codes; all numbers belong to one numbering area, and thus come in the same 8-digit format. Numbers are categorised based on the first digit, thus providing ten possible categories, of which six are currently in use and the remaining four reserved for future usage.

History
Until 1985, subscribers' telephone numbers in Singapore were five and six digits. Five digits were introduced in 1960s, whereas 5-digit and 6-digit phone numbers were introduced in 1960s as fixed lines grew, but in that year, these changed to seven digits as the introduction of new towns arose (Tampines, Jurong East, Bukit Batok, Yishun and Hougang) and a large number of new numbers were required. Rationalisation was based on geographical locale over the 12 years.

On 1 September 1995, the digit '9' was added to the front of mobile and pager numbers, making numbers eight digits, and on 1 March 2002, the digit '6' was added to the front of existing fixed line telephone numbers. The migration to the 8-digit numbering plan was planned to be on 2002, ahead of 2004 deadline. Full telecommunication liberalisation in April 2000 led to rapid growth in the market, resulting in increased demand in numbers. The implementation of 8-digit numbering plan, ensured that there would be a sufficient number resource pool to cater to the expanded telecommunication services. Preparation work started in 1999, as an effective approach had to be worked out for the implementation, with minimum service disruption and inconvenience to customers. The public telecommunication service providers - SingTel and StarHub, implemented the 8-digit numbering plan and ensure smooth service continuity for their customers after the migration. There was a parallel run of 7-digit and 8-digit numbers from 1 March 2002 to 31 March 2002. From 1 April 2002 to 30 June 2002, those calling the 7-digit numbers would hear the number change announced, prompting them to add the digit "6" to the old number, after which the call would be disconnected. After 30 June, callers would hear the announcement that the number was unavailable.

In March 2004, in response to the growing mobile phone numbering in Singapore, 8-digit mobile phone numbers starting with the digit "8" were introduced.

In 2005, Infocomm Development Authority, the regulating authority at that time, introduced a policy framework which would govern IP telephony services, while introducing 8-digit phone numbers starting with the digit '3' for such services at the same time.

Calls to Malaysia and Indonesian border towns
Until 1995, calls to Malaysia from Singapore were direct and similar to domestic phone calls, with only the area code for fixed line or Malaysian mobile phone code and number being required, hence 03 for Kuala Lumpur fixed line or 019 for Celcom mobile carrier were dialed instead of +60 3 and +60 19. In 1995, owing to the divergence of the two countries' numbering plans, the Subscriber Trunk Dialling prefix 020 was adopted. For example, in order to call a number in Kuala Lumpur, 020 is dialled first, followed by the area code 3 (excluding the leading zero), then the subscriber number.

Similarly, calls to Batam, Samarinda, Pekanbaru and Tanjung Pinang in Indonesia require only the code 011, followed by the area code (minus '0') and the subscriber's number, hence to call a number in Batam from Singapore, a subscriber would dial 011 778 xxx xxx, instead of the international code +62 778. Calls to the rest of Indonesia, including those to mobile phones, require international dialling.

Following the liberalization of the telecommunications industry, new carriers are assigned new carrier-specific codes for international and regional trunk call services. The codes 020 and 011 are assigned to the incumbent carrier SingTel. The other two major carriers, M1 and StarHub, do not offer any special dialling arrangements for calling to Malaysia and Indonesia, instead requiring full international dialling, the same as calling other countries.

Numbering scheme and format

 * x denotes 0 to 9
 * y denotes 0 to 8 only

Number ranges
3xxx xxxx - Business and Corporate IP Telephony Services or VOIP line numbers.

6xxx xxxx - Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) and Residential IP Telephony Services

8xxx xxxx - Mobile, Data Services, New Numbers and Prepaid Numbers

9yxx xxxx - Mobile, Data Services and Prepaid Numbers (Pagers Until May 2012)

Special service numbers
800 xxx xxxx - Toll-free international services

1800 xxx xxxx - Toll-free domestic services (Free if calling from a landline. Airtime charges apply if calling from a mobile line. '1800' is alias for '6'; as such these services can be reached as toll numbers, including from outside of Singapore, by replacing '1800 xxx xxxx' with '+65 6xxx xxxx'.)

1900 xxx xxxx - Premium rate services

Short codes
0xx - International access codes

13xx - Voicemails

16xx - Service providers' customer services

1777 - Non-emergency ambulance

18xx - International calling card access numbers

993 - Ministry of Health's special ambulance service - previously used for suspected cases of H1N1 and SARS and currently used for cases of COVID-19

995 - Singapore Civil Defence Force - Fire or Emergency Ambulance

999 - Police

Telephone exchanges
This is the list of telephone exchanges in Singapore. They also share the telephone exchanges with OpenNet locations, cable TV and '6'-regoed phone lines (each from SingTel and StarHub).

 * Ang Mo Kio Telephone Exchange
 * Ayer Rajah Telephone Exchange - August 1977
 * Bedok Telephone Exchange - 20 February 1973
 * Bukit Panjang Telephone Exchange
 * Central Telephone Exchange - 14 July 1980
 * Changi Telephone Exchange
 * Geylang Telephone Exchange
 * Hougang Telephone Exchange
 * Jurong Telephone Exchange
 * Jurong East Telephone Exchange
 * Jurong West Telephone Exchange
 * Lavender Telephone Exchange - 13 March 1973
 * Orchard Telephone exchange
 * Pasir Ris Telephone Exchange - 14 October 1991
 * Paya Lebar Telephone Exchange - 8 October 1960
 * Queenstown Telephone Exchange - 7 July 1957
 * Seletar Telephone Exchange
 * Tampines Telephone Exchange
 * Tanjong Katong Telephone Exchange - 11 July 1957
 * Tanjong Pagar Telephone Exchange
 * Telok Blangah Telephone Exchange
 * Tuas Telephone Exchange
 * Woodlands Telephone Exchange
 * Woodlands East Telephone Exchange (Under review due to the new HDB Estates in Woodlands/Sembawang and Yishun).

Satellite stations

 * Bukit Timah Satellite Station
 * Seletar Satellite Station
 * Sentosa Satellite Station

Former telephone exchanges

 * Changi (Upper Changi Road) Built in October 1958
 * City (George Street) Built in July 1959
 * Clementi
 * Fort Canning
 * Lim Chu Kang (Lorong Tukol)
 * Nee Soon (Upper Thomson Road)
 * Old Central (built in 1917)
 * Sembawang (Jalan Ulu Sembawang, demolished in 2005)
 * Tiong Bahru

International direct dialing
The generic international call prefix when making an international call is 000, which all telecommunications service providers are required to share. However, the code is not well known as carrier-specific access codes are generally used, such as 001 for SingTel, 002 for M1 and 008 for StarHub. On a mobile phone, a plus sign (+) can be keyed in as a substitute for the prefix.

VoIP services
VoIP services, such as Zone 1511, use prefixes in the 15xx range. For example, to call a number in London using Zone 1511, a subscriber would dial 1511 44 20 xxxx xxxx. Access codes in the 0xx range (for example, 018 - StarHub's VoIP services or 019 - SingTel's VoIP services) indicate a Tier 1 VoIP provider. Access codes like 1xxx (for example, 1511) are indicative of a Tier 2 VoIP provider.

title: Telephone numbers in Singapore