text:
User talk:Myspacex

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, you can post to the help desk or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome!
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Flowerparty 02:29, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

Your behavior
Sir/Madam, while we welcome your to our website, your edits on MySpace was considered spamming. While it is good you created a new program, you cannot use our Wikipedia to advertise your product (that was why I deleted the Myspacex article twice). If you continue to make such edits, though you have been asked to stop, you can be blocked from editing. Also, I will not be surprised if others will ask for your username to be changed. If you have any questions, ask me. Zscout370 (Sound Off) 03:31, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I agree that this user is unacceptable. Name change, if not permablock. — Xiong 熊 talk * 20:42, 2005 September 2 (UTC)

Zapped
I zapped this page because it contained nothing other than advertising, and the title itself appears to consist entirely of advertising. — Xiong 熊 talk * 21:09, 2005 September 2 (UTC)

title: User talk:Myspacex


text:
Fly Like a Bird

"Fly Like a Bird" is a song by American singer and songwriter Mariah Carey, released on March 13, 2006, by Island Records as a single from her tenth studio album, The Emancipation of Mimi (2005). Written and produced by Carey and James "Big Jim" Wright, the song is influenced by Gospel, soul, and R&B music genres. Its arrangement is built on piano chords and guitar melodies, and features Carey's pastor Clarence Keaton, who recites two Biblical verses during the song's introduction and bridge. Carey described "Fly Like a Bird" as the most personal and religious track from The Emancipation of Mimi, with its lyrics featuring a veritable prayer to God: "Fly like a bird, take to the sky, I need you now Lord, carry me high!".

At the time of its release, "Fly Like a Bird" received acclaim from music critics. While many praised Carey's strong vocal performance throughout its climax, many pinpointed on its lyrical content and compared it to Carey's debut song, "Vision of Love". Released as the final single from its parent album, the song was only sent to adult contemporary and gospel radio stations, during the same time "Say Somethin'" was commissioned to mainstream channels. Carey performed the song on several high-profile industry events, including the 48th annual Grammy Awards, the Shelter from the Storm: A Concert for the Gulf Coast concert charity benefit, and Idol Gives Back. Additionally, Carey included the song on the set-lists for all her succeeding tours since its release, up to the Caution World Tour.

Background and recording
Following record-breaking success throughout the 1990s, Carey departed from Columbia Records after the release of Rainbow (1999). Almost a year later, she signed an unprecedented $100 million five-album record contract with Virgin Records, and began work on a film and soundtrack project titled Glitter. Prior to its release on September 11, 2001, Carey suffered an "emotional and physical breakdown", and was subsequently hospitalized over a period of several weeks. Glitter became a box-office bomb, earning less than eight million dollars, and receiving scathing reviews. The soundtrack, while faring slightly better, failed to reach the critical or commercial heights of Carey's previous releases, and eventually lead to the annulment of her record contract with Virgin.

Following the events, as well as the release of Carey's succeeding album, Charmbracelet (2002), she began working on new material for The Emancipation of Mimi (2005). Aside from the dance-influenced tracks and the ballads, Carey created a concept, in which a song's lyrics would reach out to God. She created the song's choral lyrics, melody and main instrumentation, before calling James "Big Jim" Wright for a collaboration. During their meeting, Wright helped Carey arrange the song's chord structure, as well as produce the introduction, while Carey finished the rest of the lyrics. Once completing "Fly Like a Bird", Carey had her pastor, Clarence Keaton, read two verses from the Bible on the song, "Weeping may endure for the night, but joy comes in the morning" (Psalm 30:5) during the introduction, and "He said 'He'll never forsake you, or leave you alone' Trust him" (Hebrews 13:5). According to Carey, the song, as well as the Biblical verses, were included on her "comeback album" because they helped her get through many difficult situations in the past. She described moments that were difficult growing up, during which she reached out to God, as well as during her breakdown, when she used such verses to give her faith. Carey explained how although the verses helped her greatly, no one had ever said them to her. For this reason, she wanted to make sure they were there for fans and listeners to hear, in order to give them faith and assurance lest they be in a grave situation.

Release
Following the extended chart success of The Emancipation of Mimi, "Fly Like a Bird" was released as a single from the project. Simultaneously promoted alongside "Say Somethin', the song was released on March 13, 2006 to urban, urban AC and gospel stations,  while the latter to mainstream Top 40 channels. "Fly Like a Bird" was only commercially available as a digital download. Tom Ferguson from Billboard did not agree with releasing both singles concurrently, as he had given "Say Somethin'" a negative review. According to Ferguson, while the latter had radio appeal, its "scantily produced drum'n'bass" only distracted, concluding "'Fly Like A Bird' is a classic: why muddy the water with this release."

Composition
"Fly Like a Bird" is a mid-tempo ballad, drawing influence from gospel, soul and R&B music genres. It incorporates music from several musical instruments, including the organ, bass drum and trumpet. According to the sheet music published at Musicnotes.com by EMI Music Publishing, the song is set in common time with a moderate tempo of 54 beats per minute. It is composed in the key of C♯ minor (with modulation) to D minor at the song's climax, with Carey's vocal range spanning almost four octaves, from the low-note of B2 in a background note to the high-note of A6. The song's chorus has a chord progression of F♯m7-Bm-G/A-Bmaj7 in the verses, while changing into Gmaj7 during the bridge. Lyrically, "Fly Like a Bird" boasts a prayer in which the protagonist asks God for help during difficult times, and to carry them "higher and higher". Cintra Wilson from LA Weekly described the song's lyrics in depth, as well as where she felt the yearning lyrics stemmed from: 'Fly Like A Bird', is a kitchen-sink, hyper-produced gospel number, but is really quite moving. There is a real, human yearning for mercy in it — Mariah’s true cry for help from a place of near-suicidal despair: 'Sometimes this life can be so cold /(Lord) I pray you'll come and carry me home'. But there’s a lot of hope and faith in this wounded voice: Carey keeps, with touching conviction, a firm grip on the idea that some higher, divine intelligence out there loves her, even if nobody else does; even if she is lost to herself. It comes across emotionally, because her heart is fully in it — Mimi has been beaten, humiliated, heartbroken; joys have been slapped out of her hands quicker than she could appreciate them. She’s deeply confused, and God, she really needs help. Hell: We’ve all been there. Entertainment Weekly's Tom Sinclair described the song as a "veritable prayer that explicitly references God", and highlighted the lines "Sometimes this life can be so cold / I pray you'll come and carry me home, Carry me higher, higher, higher." According to Carey, the song holds deep lyrical meaning for herself, as well as her fans. She compared it to older emotional ballads from her career, and described the sentiment they held for many fans "Usually, I'll have an introspective bleak-outlook-on-life song. In the past it's been 'Petals' or 'Close My Eyes'. Those were the ones that the hard-core fans related to most. But this has a hopefulness to it. That's why it's one of my favorites, too." Additionally, Carey outed Keaton's verse during the song's introduction as her favorite part of the song, and included it as a guide for fans, due to the help it had given her in the past: 'To me the most important thing is the message he says in the beginning of the song,' she notes. 'Weeping may endure for a night, but joy comes in the morning.' I felt like a lot of people may not hear that message and a lot of people need to. It wasn't to be preachy. A lot of times people will hear songs that I write that are not the typical songs people look at as 'Mariah Carey songs.'

Critical reception
"Fly Like a Bird" received acclaim from music critics, many of whom praised Carey's gospel-flavored vocal performance, as well as the song's lyrical content. Critic Jim DeRogatis from the Chicago Sun-Times called Carey's voice as "one-in-a-million", and wrote "she's never been shy about showing off with frequently annoying octave-spanning trills – and her instrument seems to be intact; witness the display of bravado on 'Fly Like a Bird'." When describing the song, Dina Passaro from Newsday wrote "This songstress is back and better than ever!" and claimed Carey "sounds awesome and tears it apart". Tom Ferguson from Billboard called the track a "classic", and wrote "the re-crowned diva delivers a consummate vocal." Similarly, in a separate review for the song, Ferguson went into detail regarding Carey's performance in "Fly Like a Bird": The Emancipation of Mimi spawns yet another career-redefining hit in the sweet, soulful "Fly Like a Bird", an honest-to-God religious mantra about redemption. Set against a low-key, organ-spiced groove that recalls mid-'70s R&B, Carey opens with a pretty, wispy vocal and buoyant harmonies throughout the first chorus before she waves her arms, parts the clouds and wails to the heavens as a mile-high wall of gospel background vocals joins in for the crescendo. The flight of 'Bird' from humble call for deliverance into a frenzied ecclesiastic hymn is utterly spine-tingling. A joyful noise. Entertainment Weekly's Tom Sinclair outed the song as a "heart-on-my-sleeve number", and called it the "crux of the album". Sal Cinquemani from Slant Magazine felt the song "made Mariah likeable again" and wrote "[it's] an inspirational ballad that's equal parts 'Butterfly' and 'Hero'." A writer from the Sarasota Herald-Tribune compared it to Carey's debut single, "Vision of Love", and called it one of the best cuts from The Emancipation of Mimi.

Commercial performance
During April 2006, "Fly Like a Bird" was released to US urban and adult contemporary radio stations, at the same time "Say Somethin'" (featuring Snoop Dogg, the sixth single from The Emancipation of Mimi), was released to pop and rhythmic radio stations. "Fly Like a Bird" failed to chart on the Billboard Hot 100, instead reaching number four on Billboards Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart, which represents the twenty-five songs below the Hot 100's number 100 position that have not yet appeared on the Hot 100. It peaked at number nineteen on Billboard's Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart and topped the Adult R&B Songs chart for six weeks. The song experienced longevity in the urban market, reaching its peak on the R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart in its twenty-fourth week.

Music video
Following the radio premiere of "Say Somethin'", as well as the video release, MTV News reported that Carey would film a music video for "Fly Like a Bird" at the end of March 2006. According to Carey, the video had already been conceptualized by mid-March, with a script featuring Carey, Keaton and a church choir as the main focuses. In a later interview, Carey said, "We don't have a lot of time to do it. It's not a big-budget thing. But it doesn't need to be. It just needs to be about the song, capturing the song and the emotion of it." While plans for the video's filming were made, a final version was never released or commissioned.

Live performances
Following the European promotional tour for The Emancipation of Mimi, Carey launched the stateside release of the album on Good Morning America, in the form of an interview and five-piece outdoor concert. The concert, taking place in Times Square, and featuring the largest crowd in the plaza since the 2004 New Year's Eve celebration, Carey performed the first three singles from the album, as well as "Fly Like a Bird" and "Make It Happen" (1991). Months later, following the tragic events involving Hurricane Katrina in the Gulf Coast throughout August 2005, she was featured as a head-lining performer at the Shelter from the Storm: A Concert for the Gulf Coast concert charity benefit. Carey, wearing a non-formal ensemble of a pink tank-top and blue jeans, performed "Fly Like a Bird" alongside a large church choir. According to Nielsen Media Research, the special was viewed by over twenty-four million United States citizens, airing on over twelve different cable channels and in ninety-five countries. Following the beginning of 2006, and the continued charting of the album, Carey was nominated for eight Grammy Awards, the most she had received in one night throughout her career. Due to the continued success of The Emancipation of Mimi, Carey decided to return to the Grammy stage for the 48th annual ceremony, held on February 8, 2006, for the first time since 1996. The performance opened with a pre-taped video of Carey discussing the importance of religion and God in her life, and how it helped her get through difficult times as a child and adult. Following the video, she appeared on stage wearing a white Chanel evening gown, and began with a shortened version of "We Belong Together". Following its completion, the spotlight focused on Carey's now-deceased pastor Clarence Keaton, who opened "Fly Like a Bird" with a passage from the Bible, also featured in the studio recording of the song. Midway through the song, a black temporary wall was removed, revealing a large choir, who joined Carey for the song's gospel climax. After completing her performance, "Fly Like a Bird" induced the night's only standing ovation, prompting Teri Hatcher, who was presenting the next award, to exclaim "It's like we've all just been saved."

Critics raved about Carey performance following the completion of the ceremony, with Jon Pareles from The New York Times saying "once she was worked up, she moaned, growled and swooped to the high and low extremes of her voice in "Fly Like a Bird". A writer from USA Today complimented her recital of both songs, writing "Carey certainly earned the right to savor the spotlight this year. But the diva made room for Walker's booming baritone in 'Bird', her fluttering homage to Minnie Ripperton." Gary Susman from Entertainment Weekly called Carey the "comeback queen" and wrote "Its what her voice did, soaring into the rafters like only Carey's can." Roger Friedman from Fox News outed the performance as "the number that sent the audience into a frenzy". On April 9, 2008, reality competition American Idol aired its second annual charity event, titled Idol Gives Back. Backed up by Randy Jackson on the bass, Carey appeared on stage as the last head-lining performer of the evening. Midway through the performance, a large church choir walked on stage in blue garbs, and provided the gospel climax for the song. Ann Powers from the Los Angeles Times called the song an "inspirational show-stopper" and felt Carey's vocal's were "patented impossible notes". In regards to the performance, Katie Byrne from MTV News wrote "Carey was at her over-the-top best, with a full gospel choir and the high notes that made her famous." Aside from several televised performances, Carey included "Fly Like a Bird" on the set-lists of all her tours following its release. During Carey's The Adventures of Mimi Tour (2006) stop at Madison Square Garden, the song was dedicated to Ol' Dirty Bastard, who died in 2004 from an accidental drug overdose. The performance had to be re-done, as Carey's pastor, Clarence Keaton, missed his cue for the Biblical verses, and was forced to be found backstage and ushered to the spotlight. Four years later, Carey performed the song throughout her Angels Advocate Tour, only dedicating it to Keaton, who died on July 3, 2009. Editor and journalist Thomas Kintner from the Hartford Courant felt that during her live recital of "Fly Like a Bird", Carey "displayed power and sky-scraping pitch".

Track listing

 * United States CD single (Promo)

 * 1) "Fly Like a Bird" – 3:53
 * 2) "My Saving Grace" – 4:10

Credits and personnel
Credits adapted from The Emancipation of Mimi liner notes.

 * Vocals – Mariah Carey
 * Songwriting – Mariah Carey, James "Big Jim" Wright
 * Production – Mariah Carey, James "Big Jim" Wright
 * Background vocals – Mariah Carey, Mary Ann Tatum, Melonie Daniels, Trey Lorenz, Sherry Tatum, Courtney Bradley, Rev. Dr. Clarence Keaton
 * Engineers – Brian Garten, Dana Jon Chapelle
 * Assistant engineer – Jason Finkel, Michael Leedy, Manuel Farolfi, Riccardo Durante
 * Mixer – Phil Tan (mixed at Right Track Studios, NYC)
 * Mastering – Herb Powers
 * Additional keyboards – Loris Holland

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Fly Like a Bird


text:
Julian of Toledo

Julian of Toledo (642–690) was born in Toledo, Hispania. He was well educated at the cathedral school, was a monk and later abbot at Agali, a spiritual student of Saint Eugene II, and archbishop of Toledo. He was the first bishop to have primacy over the entire Iberian Peninsula—a position he has been accused of securing by being complicit in 680 in the supposed poisoning of Wamba, king of the Visigoths —and he helped centralize the Iberian Church in Toledo. His elevation to the position of primate of the Visigothic church was a source of great unhappiness among the kingdom's clergy. And his views regarding the doctrine of the Trinity proved distressing to the Vatican.

He presided over several councils and synods and revised the Mozarabic liturgy. A voluminous writer, his works include Prognostics, a volume on death (and by far his most influential work); a history of King Wamba's war with dux Paul in Septimania (a Sallustian work, and one of the few examples of historical writing from the late Visigothic kingdom); and a book on the future life (687). A lost work, apparently dedicated to King Erwig, dealt with the issue of Jews owning Christian slaves. He encouraged the Visigothic kings in Hispania to deal harshly with the Jews. For example, in presiding over the Twelfth Council of Toledo, he induced King Erwig to pass severe anti-Jewish laws. At Erwig's request, in 686, he wrote De Comprobatione Aetatis Sextae Contra Judaeos, a work dealing with messianic prophesies of the Bible in a way intended to convert the Jews.

He died at Toledo in 690 of natural causes. Julian's memorial is held March 8.

He is commemorated by way of a portrait in the cathedral of Toledo. JT's Cocktail Bar and Club in Oxford is named in his honour.

Critical editions and translations

 * Critical editions
 * J.N. Hillgarth, B. Bischoff, W. Levison (eds.), Iulianus Toletanus. Opera, I. Prognosticon futuri saeculi libri tres. Apologeticum de tribus capitulis. De comprobatione sextae aetatis. Historia Wambae regis. Epistula ad Modoenum. (= Corpus Christianorum. Series Latina, 115), Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 1976
 * J.C. Martín-Iglesias, V. Yarza Urquiola (eds.), Iulianus Toletanus, Felix Toletanus, Iulianus Toletanus (Ps.). Opera, II. Elogium Ildefonsi, Vita Iuliani (auctore Felice Toletano), Antikeimena, Fragmenta, Ordo annorum mund (= Corpus Christianorum. Series Latina, 115A-B), Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2014
 * English translations
 * Julian of Toledo. Prognosticum futuri saeculi: Foreknowledge of the World to Come, translated, edited and introduced by Sergio Stancati, OP, 2010 (ACW 63). ISBN 9780809105687

title: Julian of Toledo


text:
Roseville Chase, New South Wales

Roseville Chase is a suburb on the Upper North Shore of Sydney in the state of New South Wales, Australia 11 kilometres north-west of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of Ku-ring-gai Council. Roseville is a separate suburb to the west.

Location
Located on Middle Harbour at its uppermost reaches, Roseville Chase is a secluded and bushy suburb. There are two main geographical and socio-economic subdivisions in Roseville Chase. The Chase Lowlands are centred on lower confines south of the mighty Roseville Bridge, while the Chase Heights are centred around the elegant Ormonde Rd, offering commanding views down to the harbour and beyond. These subdivisions are more well known as Upper Chase and Lower Chase. North of Warringah Road (Upper Chase), the residential development is lighter and is largely surrounded by bushland. The area is defined by the gully of Moores Creek to the west and north, plus Middle Harbour to the east. Much of the surrounding bushland is contained within Garigal National Park.

History
The area was originally inhabited by Aboriginal people, who left their mark in the form of hand stencils that can be seen in rock shelters in the area.

Captain Arthur Phillip's search for "good land, well watered" led to the discovery and colonisation of the rough shores of Roseville Chase, where Samuel Bates built a farm at Echo Point on the edge of what is now Middle Harbour.

Later, the area was settled by Europeans like David Mathew and Richard Archbold, whose property eventually extended to Moores Creek and became the site of an orchard.

During World War I the area was used as a training area for army engineers under the command of Sir John Madsen.

Many people lived in the Sydney bush during the Great Depression. Remains of dwellings can still be found in the bush at Roseville Chase.

Roseville Chase Post Office opened on 2 March 1953 and closed in 1994.

Population
In the 2021 Census, there were 1,618 people in Roseville Chase, of whom 65.7% were born in Australia, 74.0% of whom spoke only English at home. The most common responses for religion were No Religion, so stated 39.7%, Catholic 24.4%, and Anglican 14.4%.

title: Roseville Chase, New South Wales


text:
File:Energy-Quest Logo.png

Summary
Energy-quest logo. Obtained from the organization's official website, at http://www.energy-quest.org/. Claiming fair use.

title: File:Energy-Quest Logo.png


text: User talk:71.111.231.190

title: User talk:71.111.231.190


text:
Talk:Löffler

Why is there a picture of a spoonbill here? -vinny

picture of spoonbill
The German name for spoonbill is Loeffler or Loeffelreiher. The picture is indeed a bit weird here, since the family name Loeffler translates as spoon maker, not as some bird name. -J.

title: Talk:Löffler


text:
Rossmore, New South Wales

Rossmore is a suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia.

It is bound to the east by Kemps Creek, the west by South Creek, the north by Fifteenth Avenue, and the south by Rileys Creek in the southwest and a non natural border from there. The main road through the centre of the suburb is Bringelly Road.

History
Rossmore was originally known as Cabramatta after the parish of Cabramatta. It was the subject of a novel called The Cabramatta Store by Mary Theresa Vidal, which is believed to be the first novel published by a woman in Australia. In 1856, the railway line was extended from Granville to Liverpool and a station was established at what is now the modern-day Cabramatta. There was a horse stud in the area called Rossmoor Stud which is believed to have been named after Rossmore Lodge, a famous horse stud in Kildare, Ireland. To avoid confusion with the new station of Cabramatta, the old town of Cabramatta became known as Rossmore.

Rossmore Post Office opened on 22 March 1897.

Heritage listings
Rossmore has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:

 * 130 Rossmore Avenue West: Church of the Holy Innocents

Demographics
According to the, Rossmore had a population of 2,241 people with a median age of 40, which was slightly higher than the national median age of 38. The majority of people were born in Australia (65.7%), with the other most common countries of birth being Lebanon (5.4%), Italy (3.6%), China (excluding SARs and Taiwan) (3.1%), Malta (2.2%) and New Zealand (1.2%). About half (53.8%) of all respondents only spoke English at home, with Arabic (14.0%), Italian (5.0%), Cantonese (4.4%), Maltese (2.5%) and Spanish (1.3%) forming the top responses for languages spoken at home.

Housing
As at the, Rossmore had a total of 707 private dwellings, of which 97.5% were detached houses. Of these occupied private dwellings, 46.0% were owned outright, 31.7% were rented and 16.6% were owned with a mortgage.

Religious facilities
The Church of the Holy Innocents in an Anglican church situated in Church Street, just off Bringelly Road. Its foundation stone was laid on 28 December 1848 or Holy Innocents Day. It is a parish church in the Gothic Revival style and was designed by Richard Cromwell Carpenter and Edmund Blacket. It features steep roofs covered with shingles, an open timber porch, a nave, chancel, belfry and vestry. The church is listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register and on the (now defunct) Register of the National Estate.

The suburb is also home to three Buddhist temples: the Vinh Duc Meditation Hall, a Vietnamese Buddhist temple, on Allenby Road, the Lin Ying temple in Clementson Drive and the Vat Ketanak Khmer Kampuchea Krom in Wynyard Avenue.

Transport
Bringelly Road connects Rossmore to Liverpool and the Westlink M7, a tollway providing relatively quick connection to Sydney CBD and other parts of greater Sydney. The only public transport in the area is the Route 855/856 bus service connecting Bringelly to Liverpool via Rossmore, Austral, Hoxton Park and Cartwright.

In 2015, a stabling facility opened in Rossmore as part of the South West Rail Link, though the terminus station is located at Leppington.

title: Rossmore, New South Wales


text:
Mitchell, Australian Capital Territory

Mitchell (postcode: 2911) is a light-industrial estate of Canberra, Australia in the district of Gungahlin. Mitchell was named in honour of Major Sir Thomas Livingstone Mitchell, an explorer of inland New South Wales and Surveyor-General of New South Wales. The streets in Mitchell are named after Australian industrialists.

In the, Mitchell had no recorded population.

It is commonly believed by Canberra residents that the suburb of Mitchell contains Exhibition Park in Canberra (EPIC) and also Thoroughbred Park (Canberra Racecourse). In fact, these facilities are located in the neighbouring suburb of Lyneham.

Mitchell is one of the two areas in Canberra where brothels may legally operate, along with Fyshwick. Mitchell also has other adult entertainment industry shops and one strip club.

History
A major fire at a chemical factory on Dacre Street early in the morning of 16 September 2011 saw a 10 kilometre exclusion zone put in place around the suburb. Residents in parts of Gungahlin, Belconnen and North Canberra were told to remain inside with windows their closed and schools inside the zone closed for the day. Around 100 people and 50 horses were evacuated from an event at nearby EPIC due to toxic smoke.

Mitchell was selected as the site for the first Canberra light rail depot, with construction beginning in 2016. The facility opened in March 2019, including maintenance facilities and the network operations centre. Despite this, a passenger stop in Mitchell was not constructed as part of stage one of the project, with the ACT Government sighting low projected passenger numbers. Following lobbying efforts by local businesses and the community, the ACT Government later supported construction of the Sandford Street station which opened to passengers in September 2021.

Geology
Rocks under Mitchell are from the Silurian age. Mitchell is built over calcareous shale of the Canberra Formation. From the south to Crace Hill is green-grey to reddish dacite.

title: Mitchell, Australian Capital Territory


text:
Rossmore

Rossmore may refer to:

 * Rossmore, Johannesburg, South Africa
 * Rossmore, West Virginia, United States

Australia

 * Rossmore, New South Wales, a suburb of Sydney
 * Rossmore, Queensland, a neighbourhood in the Gympie Region

United Kingdom

 * Rossmore, a suburb of Ellesmere Port, Cheshire
 * Rossmore, a townland in Belleek, County Fermanagh
 * Rossmore, Dorset, a suburb of Poole

title: Rossmore


text: User talk:69.255.34.203

title: User talk:69.255.34.203


text:
Roseville, New South Wales

Roseville is a suburb on the Upper North Shore of Sydney in the state of New South Wales, Australia 12 km north-west of the Sydney central business district, in the local government areas of Ku-ring-gai and Willoughby. Roseville Chase is a separate suburb to the east.

History

William Henry was one of Ku-ring-gai's first European settlers, who used the area for farming. There were a few fruit orchards and market gardens in the area. Other significant settlers were David Mathew, who owned a property called Clanville, and Richard Archbold, who was granted an area of 600 acre adjacent to Clanville. Archbold later acquired Clanville and set up an orchard on the property. Archbold's son-in-law had a stone cottage called Rose Villa, which was later demolished to make way for the North Shore railway line. Roseville eventually derived its name from Rose Villa.

Roseville Post Office opened on 8 July 1901. Roseville East Post Office opened on 1 December 1937.

Babbage Road was named for Eden Herschel Babbage (a grandson of Charles Babbage), a retired banker who lived in "Rawhiti" on Clanville Road. Dubbed the "Father of Roseville", he was largely responsible for developing Roseville Park, Davidson Park and Roseville Chase. His brother-in-law, Francis Robert Burton, donated the large pavilion in Roseville Park, following the death in 1913 of brother William Burton, of "Woodlands" on Bancroft Avenue.

The Australian photographer Harold Cazneaux (1878 to 1953) lived for much of his life in a Federation home called "Ambleside", located in Dudley Avenue.

At the time of his appointment as Premier of New South Wales in 2011, Barry O'Farrell lived with his family in Roseville, but as of 2012 resided at nearby Turramurra. As a member of parliament, Barry O'Farrell represented the electoral district of Ku-ring-gai.

Suburb
Roseville is the southernmost suburb in the municipality of Ku-ring-gai. It is a residential suburb, with medium to low density housing and lies between Findlay Avenue and Ashley Street to the south; and Bayswater Road, Abingdon Road, Chelmsford Avenue and Carnarvon Road to the north. A narrow section of the southernmost area of Roseville, between Ashley Street and Boundary Street, is in the Willoughby municipality. To the east, Roseville is bounded by the waterways of Middle Harbour and Moores Creek, and to the west it is bounded by the Lane Cove National Park. Roseville Chase is surrounded by Babbage Road, Middle Harbour and Moores Creek, and is bisected by Warringah Road, which Roseville Bridge carries over Middle Harbour. The names "Roseville West", "Roseville East" and "East Roseville" are no longer in official use.

Architecture
Characterised by its lush and leafy roadsides, parks, and gardens; Roseville property prices are considerably higher than the Sydney average. Houses closer to railway station tend to be constructed in the Federation (c. 1890s to 1920s) and Californian bungalow (c. 1920s to 1930s) architectural styles, with the outer areas developed during the 1940s and 1950s in less ornate styles. Since this time, a small portion of these older homes have been demolished and replaced with new development properties. The government is also considering to place Roseville under a Heritage listed area as many of the homes and gardens in and around Roseville are a certain style that dates back to the 1950s. The former Commonwealth Bank is a notable art deco building on the Pacific Highway.

Education
Roseville is home to two schools: Roseville Public School (K-6) and Roseville College (K-12).

Infrastructure

Roseville railway station is on the North Shore railway line of the Sydney Trains network. Roseville has a small commercial area beside Roseville railway station on the Pacific Highway and Hill Street.

Roseville is well known for the amount of sleepy lush green gardens and parks that surround it. Some of the parks in Roseville include: Kimo Street Bush, Lower Blue Gum Creek Bush, Loyal Henry Park, Roseville Park, Roseville West Park, and Muston Park.

Schools in the suburb comprise Roseville Public School and Roseville College. Roseville is also home to several churches: St Luke’s (Roseville) Presbyterian Church, Lord Street; Roseville Uniting Church, Lord Street; The Chinese Christian Assembly of Sydney, Moore Street; and St Andrew's Anglican Church. St Andrew's is on the corner of Hill Street and Bancroft Avenue. Its foundation stone was laid by the Archbishop of Sydney, The Most Rev. H. W. K. Mowll, D.D., 27 April 1935, while the rector was W. J. Roberts.

The historic Roseville Cinema on the Pacific Highway it noted for its art deco facade. Originally a hall and community centre, the building later became a church and preparatory school. Its transformation into a cinema began when it became Traynor's Picture Palace in 1919, but did not become a full-scale cinema until 1936. Roseville Cinema was renovated and extended to accommodate two screens in 1995.

Demographics
At the 2021 census, Roseville recorded a population of 10,340. Of these:
 * Age distribution : The distribution of ages in Roseville was fairly similar to the country as a whole. Roseville residents' median age was 40 years, 2 years over the national median. Children aged under 15 years made up 20.1% of the population (national average is 18.2%) and people aged 65 years and over made up 16.9% of the population (national average is 17.2%).
 * Ethnic diversity :58.8% of people were born in Australia. The next most common countries of birth were China (without SARs and Taiwan) 9.9%, England 4.3%, Hong Kong 3.1%, New Zealand 1.9% and Malaysia 1.5%. 66.2% of people only spoke English at home. Other languages spoken at home included Mandarin 12.5%, Cantonese 5.9%, Korean 1.5%, Japanese 0.8% and Spanish 0.7%.
 * Religion : The most common responses for religion were No Religion 41.5%, Catholic 19.4%, Anglican 14.4% an Buddhism 3.2%.
 * Income : The median weekly household income was $3,200, compared to the national median of $1,746.
 * Housing : Stand-alone houses accounted for 68.8% of residences, while 28.5% were flats, units or apartments and 2.8% were semi-detached. The average household size was 2.9 people. The median weekly rent was $600, while the national median was much lower at $375.

Notable residents

 * Paul Fletcher (politician), Federal Minister for Communications, Urban Infrastructure, Cities and the Arts

title: Roseville, New South Wales


text:
Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Ben Arnold

Ben Arnold
[ Vote here] (7/14/7) ending 02:48 7 September 2005 (UTC) I am nominating myself to be an admin because I have found myself moving into a space where I am monitoring pages for vandalism and giving assistance to new users. It seems like the natural next step to actually become an admin. I have only 920-odd edits, but they are spread reasonably evenly over the last 18 months or so. Special considerations: Ben Arnold 02:48, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I live in New Zealand. That gives me a timezone advantage (I can revert vandalism when those in the U.K. and North America are asleep).
 * I have a dream that one day, admins will not be judged on their geographical locations, but on the quality of their content. Or something like that... --Lord Voldemort (Dark Mark) 20:01, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I have installed and run a MediaWiki at my workplace, so I'm familiar with the software — and I'm a programmer so I'm familiar with software in general.
 * I worked with a group of users to developing articles about New Zealand places. I created a WikiProject for the purpose (although it's fallen into disuse). There is now a message board for New Zealand Wikipedians and I intend to get re-involved under that banner.

 * Candidate, please indicate acceptance of the nomination here:

I accept ;) Ben Arnold 02:52, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

Support
 * 1) Support, very good edit history, will support wikipedia's NPOV. --Vizcarra 03:05, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Support. Andre ( talk ) 18:24, August 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) Support Good candadite, great edit summaries. Too many with editcountitis around here Sad.gif Ryan Norton T 22:48, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * 4) Support, good editor, understands NPOV, head seems firmly screwed to neck.-gadfium 05:23, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * 5) Pcb21| Pete 13:45, 3 September 2005 (UTC)
 * 6) Support, I like his idea of exploiting the time zone advantage to revert vandalism. I will support again if his 'inexperience' makes the community withhold consensus now. Uncle Ed 14:11, September 5, 2005 (UTC)
 * 7) Support how 18 months is not enough experience is beyond me. Editcountitis are bad. Grue  16:03, 5 September 2005 (UTC)

Oppose
 * 1) Oppose, excellent history, but not enough edits for me, otherwise, try again after 1,500 edits and I'll support.--MONGO 03:11, August 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Oppose I don't care about your edit count as a whole, but your lack of edits in the Wikipedia namespace indicates a lack of experience in terms of RFA voting, VfDs, etc. I'll gladly support in a few more months.  Acetic Acid  ( talk ) 03:49, August 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) Oppose. You've got only a few Wikipedia namespace edits, so you might not be familiar enough with policies and practices yet to be an admin. The overall edit count is not a problem in my opinion, but you need to show that you're familiar with Wikipedia's structure to get votes here. Other than that, you sound like a good contributor, and I'll definitely support after a few more months and, say, 150 Wikipedia namespace edits. - ulayiti  (talk)  16:48, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * 4) Oppose— 900 edits in 17 months is a bit few. Needs to be more consistent with edit summaries. Lastly, shows limited grasp of Wiki policy if he calls this edit 'reverting vandalsim'. Seem like a consistent editor nontheless; come back in a few months and youll have my full support.  Journalist  C./ Holla @ me!
 * 5) *It was an error that he corrected himself, just a few minutes later. See . --Durin 18:13, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * 6) *An unavoidable risk in using the normal user "revert" technique, compounded by my work connection running slowly that day. Ben Arnold 21:21, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * 7) Oppose. I'm not too worried about where you edit (Wiki namespace or just article space), but I am worried about the number. Even 1,000 over 18 months isn't that much. I'd like to see an admin have more than 50 edits a month. That isn't too much more than one edit a day, on average. Perhaps later I could support. --Lord Voldemort (Dark Mark) 18:48, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * 8) Oppose. It's great to have editors that are passionate about certain topics, but I'm not sure that the narrow focus on New Zealand-related articles is grounds for the admin mop.  In addition, I would prefer to see more edits in the Wikipedia namespace before I would feel comfortable supporting.  --Alan Au 22:09, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * 9) *I think the New Zealand-related articles need attention, but my interest has been broader than that, and will continue to be so. Ben Arnold 23:41, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * 10) --Boothy443 | comhrÚ 05:12, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * 11) Will support in one month. --Merovingian (t) (c) 12:14, September 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * 12) Oppose not enough edits. freestylefrappe 18:19, September 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * 13) Oppose. Too new. CDThieme 23:35, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * 14) Oppose. Looks like a good editor, but what's wrong with waiting a bit? I think there is nothing wrong with maintaining that admins should be more experienced. Keep editing as you have and adminship will come in time. Jonathunder 17:20, 2005 September 3 (UTC)
 * 15) "edit-countitis" tempered with judgement is not a vice. While you shouldn't promote somebody purely based on an impressive edit count, there is nothing wrong with telling a good user to keep editing for a little while before re-applying. I will wholeheartedly support after another month or so of steady editing. dab (ᛏ) 12:01, 4 September 2005 (UTC)
 * 16) oppose not enough experience. freestylefrappe 03:09, September 5, 2005 (UTC)
 * 17) Oppose per MONGO, Derktar 00:06, September 7, 2005 (UTC).

Neutral
 * 1) I'd love to support another kiwi for admin, but 920 edits is just a wee bit too few. Once you've racked up another few hundred there should be no problem, since that is the only reason I'm stalling. Grutness...  wha?  03:25, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Neutral; I agree with Grutness. Good edit history, but you need a bit more edits, especially in the Wikipedia namespace. Jaxl | talk 03:15, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) Neutral I've similar sentiments to Grutness.--Cyberjunkie | Talk 16:52, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * 4) Not enough edits. BRIAN 0918 • 2005-09-3 04:03
 * 5) Neutral to anyone who I don't know. R  e  dwolf24  (talk) 21:31, 4 September 2005 (UTC)
 * 6) Hard to effectively judge this user's proficiency with the low edit count, especially regarding janitorial tasks. Zzyzx11 (Talk) 03:33, 5 September 2005 (UTC)
 * 7) Would suggest user go on RC patrol to prove that he can be effective and reverting vandalism =) Would support with another couple hundred edits. Sasquatch 讲 看  02:47, September 6, 2005 (UTC)

Comments

I spend a lot of time on Wikipedia so it surprises me that my total edits are considered low. Perhaps I listen more and talk less than other Wikipedians who become admins. Perhaps I haven't done enough of the mass editing that involves making the same change to a lot of articles. Regardless I think I've failed to grasp the importance of a large edit count. I am someone who has been involved in Wikipedia continuously for 18 months, with an accelerating edit count over that time, so you can assume I'm going to be around for the long term. I have a good sense of what Wikipedia's about. I have proved myself trustworthy. And I'm volunteering to help out.

Maybe it comes down to whether being an Admin is being someone you can trust who is lending a hand in a volunteer capacity, where it's useful to have all hands on deck — or whether Adminship is a club for people who have met an edit target.

Ben Arnold 23:33, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I strongly concur with all of this. Classic example of where editcountitis is harmful. Hopefully enough other editors will see this too. Pcb21| Pete 13:51, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Btw, bot spending too much time in the Wikipedia: namespace is a good thing in my opinion. Pcb21| Pete 13:51, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I think its because you spend a "reasonable" amount of time each day here... many editors (like meself) spend like 10 hours a day or more here which leads to large edit counts... add in artificial inflation (VfD, catagorization etc.) and you've got more edit counts than one really should have Ryan Norton T 03:06, 6 September 2005 (UTC)

Thanks to those who supported my application. It's been quite an illuminating experience. One person commented that they'd like to see me help out with patrolling for vandalism in the recent changes. I'd like to do that but I find the reverting process (as a normal user) too awkward. Of course I revert vandalism when I encounter it on a day-to-day basis. I guess it's these kinds of tasks — and more Wikipedia namespace involvement — I felt I was offering to sign up for.

Anyway, barring a last-minute deluge of support it looks like the consensus is that I should not become an admin. I must admit I hadn't appreciated it would be that hard. I was only about 80 edits short of the recommended number for applying, but I had 3–6 times the recommended tenure in terms of months.

Many have suggested I reapply later. I may do. As I've already been here for 18 months I don't think I can reasonably reapply until 2007, and that's too far ahead to plan.

You have lost the opportunity to have someone commit themselves to administration tasks who has demonstrated responsiblity and long-term service to Wikipedia. I think you've made a bad decision.

Ben Arnold 22:17, 6 September 2005 (UTC)

Questions for the candidate

A few generic questions to provide guidance for voters:
 * 1. What sysop chores, if any, would you anticipate helping with? (Please read the page about administrators and the administrators' reading list.)
 * A. As an admin I mainly see myself keeping an eye on the growing problem of vandalism in the New Zealand arena, and other pages I have an interest in. It would also be useful to modify the "in the news section" page when events of global interest happen, particular things in New Zealand. I've written for "in the news" twice, when New Zealand passed Civil Unions and when former Prime Minister David Lange died.
 * 2. Of your articles or contributions to Wikipedia, are there any about which you are particularly pleased, and why?
 * A. My most recent new article contribution is Realm of New Zealand, although New Zealand order of precedence made it to the new articles section on the Main Page. I guess ironically I get a sense of pride every time I go back to something I wrote and find that other people have reworded it to make it read better or developed it into something more thorough.
 * 3. Have you been in any conflicts over editing in the past or do you feel other users have caused you stress? How have you dealt with it and how will you deal with it in the future?
 * A. I edit Wikipedia to relax, so I don't let myself take arguments personally. The one time I got quite heated about a topic I voluntarily withdrew before I let it get me too angry (kilobyte). I would be even more careful about that as an admin. After all, I use my real name as my username and edit histories last forever!


text:
User talk:Revengeofthynerd

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, you can post to the help desk or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome!
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Flowerparty 02:33, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

Anti-nuclear
That was really coherent comprehensive contributions:)--aceslead 03:33, 16 August 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Revengeofthynerd


text: User talk:71.116.64.140

title: User talk:71.116.64.140


text:
Talk:Dvorak (game)

I'm going to add some info about how Dvorak may be able to be played on Thoth, the game engine.

title: Talk:Dvorak (game)


text:
File:MensWorldVol17No1Devoncover.jpg

Summary
Men's World magazine Volume 777 Number 1 cover, featuring Devon.

title: File:MensWorldVol17No1Devoncover.jpg


text:
The European Miracle

The European Miracle: Environments, Economies and Geopolitics in the History of Europe and Asia is a book written by Eric Jones in 1981 to refer to the sudden rise of Europe during the Late Middle Ages. Ahead of the Islamic and Chinese civilizations, Europe steadily rose since the early modern period to a complete domination of world trade and politics that remained unchallenged until the early 20th century.

This process started with the first European contacts and subsequent colonization of great expanses of the world. The Industrial Revolution further reinforced it.

Jones's book gave rise to the term European miracle. It is closely related to the idea of the Great Divergence, but the latter's focuses, rather than the origins of the rise of Europe during the Renaissance, is the 18th-century culmination of the process and the subsequent "imperial century" of Britain.

Summary
Jones aims to explain why modern states and economies developed first in the peripheral and late-coming culture of Europe. He attempts to argue a concatenation of various factors, in particular the interplay of natural and economic factors that has worked to Europe's advantage and to the disadvantage of its Asian competitors.

The European miracle theory purports that the European nuclear family, with women marrying late and having few children, Europe's population was better controlled than in the rest of the world, which "multiplied insensately." Europe was thus not vulnerable to Malthusian Crises and so could form a progressive capitalist society.

Urbanization is also adduced as a factor. Crucially, the cities were also semi-autonomous, especially the Italian city-states. The growth of banking, accounting and general financial infrastructure in such cities is seen as unique and vital to the rise of Europe.

Reception
Jones's study is one of the most influential books dedicated to the question of European exceptionalism. Some historians, in particular of the "California school", have felt that Jones overstated the degree of difference between Europe and non-European regions on the eve of the Industrial Revolution.

The attention attracted by the book has also resulted in it being described by the American historian Joel Mokyr as "the whipping boy of those who have resented what they viewed as historiographical triumphalism, eurocentricity, and even racism." It has been attacked by thinkers such as James Blaut, Andre Gunder Frank, Kenneth Pomeranz, and John M. Hobson. They accuse Jones of Eurocentrism and "cultural racism" (Blaut's term ).

title: The European Miracle


text:
Rosehill, New South Wales

Rosehill is a suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Rosehill is located 18 kilometres west of the Sydney central business district in the local government area of the City of Parramatta and is part of the Greater Western Sydney region.

Rosehill shares the postcode of 2142 with the separate suburbs of Granville, South Granville, Holroyd and Camellia.

Rosehill contains a mixture of residential, commercial, industrial and recreational land, with increased high-density housing proposed.

History

In the early days of the colony, the hill behind old Government House had been named ‘Rose Hill’ by Governor Arthur Phillip, before the suburb had been named Parramatta.

On 25 March 1789, Henry Dodd took charge of a farm established at Rose Hill. James Ruse came to farm there in November of the same year. In December 1790, a crop of corn (wheat), described as "exceeding good," was harvested at Rose Hill. By 1791, 200 acres of land had been cleared and were in production.

Nearly a hundred years later in 1883, 850 acre of John Macarthur's Elizabeth Farm were subdivided for industrial purposes. Part of the estate was set aside for a recreation area, which became Rosehill Racecourse.

A public school opened here in 1886 and the railway station opened in 1888 on the Carlingford railway line, which was privately owned until it was taken over by the state government in 1904 and later closed in January 2020.

Heritage listings
Rosehill has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:

 * 60 Prospect Street: Camden
 * 62 Prospect Street: Comfort Lodge
 * 70 Alice Street: Elizabeth Farm
 * Arthur Street: Elizabeth Farm Reserve

Landmarks

 * Rosehill Gardens Racecourse hosts some of the most important events on the Australian horse racing calendar, including the prestigious Golden Slipper.
 * Historic Elizabeth Farm was the home of wool pioneer, John Macarthur
 * Mercure Sydney Parramatta Hotel, formerly Travelodge Rosehill

Education

 * Rosehill Public School

Population
At the 2016 census, Rosehill recorded a population of 3,806. Of these:

 * The age distribution was unusual, with a preponderance of younger adults compared to the country in general, but similar to the neighbouring suburb of Silverwater. The median age was 31 years, compared to the national median of 38 years. There was a large concentration of people between 20 and 34 years of age; they make up 43.5% of residents (national average is 21.1%).  Children aged 0–14 years made up 16.9% of the population (national average is 18.7%) and people aged 65 years and over made up only 4.5% of the population (national average is 15.8%).
 * 28.6% of people were born in Australia. The next most common countries of birth were India 25.3%, China 6.6%, Lebanon 3.3% and Philippines 2.8%. About three-quarters (74.8%) of residents had both parents born overseas. 25.3% of people only spoke English at home. Other languages spoken at home included Gujarati 9.5%, Arabic 7.6%, Mandarin 7.0%, Hindi 7.0% and Punjabi 4.9%.
 * The most common responses for religion were Hinduism 24.0%, Catholic 18.9% and No Religion 16.0%.
 * 8.4% of the work-force was unemployed, above the national average of 6.9%.
 * Almost two-thirds (66.5%) of households were family households and 26.3% were single person households. 71.4% of occupied private residences were flats, units or apartments, 16.7% were separate houses and 9.6% were semi-detached. 62.5% were rented, 23.9% were owned with a mortgage and 9.7% were owned outright.

title: Rosehill, New South Wales


text:
Talk:Christine Boutin

French Quotes?
Perhaps the French quotes shouldn't be here, just their English translations? I'd imagine most readers of en.wikipedia.org don't speak French anyhow. If you want the French versions, I'd imagine you could just go to Christine Boutin. Ash Lux 02:37, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Its more complete to have the French quotes, though. There are some vagaries in translation occaisionally, so with the original French one could verify the translation if you felt there was a problem.  Thats my two cents. --Syrthiss 15:37, August 31, 2005 (UTC)

 * I don't think they should be here at all. There's more of them than anything else in the article. Surely her political career is built on more than opposing civil unions (of course, that's not unknown, sad...) Carolynparrishfan 00:37, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Shouldn't the quotes just go to wikiquotes ? And add a template directing user to the wikiquote about her ? --Julien 10:18, 18 February 2006 (UTC)

Most of those quotations are not from her, but from an another french MP, Christian Vanneste. The origin of those quotations are not specified, so, I delete them.

Bush - 911 statement is becoming international headline news
[http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20070707/ts_nm/france_sept11_dc;_ylt=AiaZEdBUQfCDeM20xcsUVRxvaA8F Yahoo! News] reports that Boutin's previous remarks about a possible implication of George W. Bush in 911 is becoming international news. __meco 22:09, 7 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Well the news hasn't reached France yet it seems, at least not fr.wp Intangible2.0 18:00, 9 July 2007 (UTC)

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one article was rated and this bot brought all the other ratings up to at least that level. BetacommandBot 02:49, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

Marie-Christine Boutin
Is this the same politician as "Marie-Christine Boutin" from the New York Times article: Questions Raised About a Code of Silence? If so, can someone add an explanation about how she is known by this name as well? Thanks, — sligocki (talk) 17:07, 17 May 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 one external links on Christine Boutin. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070520065627/http://www.elysee.fr/elysee/elysee.fr/francais/interventions/2007/mai/composition_du_gouvernement.77059.html to http://www.elysee.fr/elysee/elysee.fr/francais/interventions/2007/mai/composition_du_gouvernement.77059.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070717030332/http://www.dailymotion.com:80/video/x2ghbc_la-ministre-boutin-et-le-11-septemb to http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x2ghbc_la-ministre-boutin-et-le-11-septemb

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 11:10, 10 November 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Christine Boutin


text:
Men's World

Men's World was a British soft-core pornographic magazine founded in 1988. The final issue was Volume 24 issue 13, in December 2012. It was released every four weeks and its content mostly consisted of nude pictorials of well-known erotic and pornographic actresses. American models feature frequently, and well-known names like Aria Giovanni, Erica Campbell, Devon, and have been cover girls in the past. British models who have been featured regularly in the magazine include Joanne Guest and Abigail Toyne.

When it was first published in 1988, Men's World was an unusually large-format magazine (an open spread page being closer to A2 than A3 as with most magazines), and the centrefold was in effect a high-gloss poster. After a while, the magazine reverted to the smaller, more usual format.

Men's World was published by Paul Raymond, who also publishes Club International, Escort, Mayfair, Men Only, and Razzle. Their magazines are generally available in most newsagents, although some larger retailers require a modesty bag in order to protect minors from seeing partial nudity on the cover. Digital back issues of the magazine are available from the Paul Raymond website. They were available from the Paul Raymond digital newsstand between 2013 and the closure of the newsstand.

title: Men's World


text:
Talk:Kiryas Joel, New York

Incursion?

Local income stats seem to contradict reality
The article states"the median income for a family is $15,372. Males have a median income of $25,043 versus $16,364 for females"How is this possible? Doesn't a family contain at least one person who is either male or female? How does a family's income get to be lower than that of the people in it? (Please note: I have looked at demographics for other places, including Monsey, New York, Spring Valley, New York, and Brooklyn, New York, and in those cases, the family income is above that of the individuals, as is logical. But I must admit that in the demographics for New Square, New York, family income is below that of the individuals.) --Keeves 02:37, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes, I've been to Kiryas Yoel, and that doesn't sound right. Yodamace1

 * I think you misunderstood me. My question is not about whether the people there make a little money or a lot of money. It is about the definitions of "family" and "males", and how a family can possibly make less money than the members of that family.--Keeves 18:25, 22 September 2005 (UTC)

Its possible because the median simply comes from the mid point (not the average) of all male or female workers - so this doesn't tell us at all about how many people earn this amount. According to the wiki article on median, "To find the median of a finite list of numbers, arrange all the observations from lowest value to highest value and pick the middle one." Thus, a median family income would be lower than the sum of the median male and femal incomes if a significant portion of either sex did not have any income. I don't know for sure, but since this is a more traditional community, it may be that many women are occupied primarily in childrearing and homemaking areas, and are thus not recieving any income.

This is correct. Kiryas Joel, one can assume, has a very high percentage of single-income families. For simplicity, let's say that 100% of the people there are married, and 100% of them are single-income familes. The male median of $25k then translates to a family median of $12.5k in families where the man is the income provider. Likewise, the female median of $16k becomes a family median of $8k in families where the woman is the income provider. So (assuming a 50/50 split of men/women) that leads to a family median income of $10k or so. In reality, not every is married and not every married household is single income, but you can see from the extreme example how it is possible to have a family income lower than any single member (since it is spread out across everyone of working age in the family). 63.73.225.227 (talk) 20:06, 11 March 2009 (UTC)

It is possible ins some circumstances that the "husband" and "wife" are not married under state law but under their religious law. This allows the woman to get a variety of government aid packages as if she is a single mother with children. While I am unaware of the statistics that this happens, it very likely is happening anecdotally. And, yes it would have to be verified. That being said I have seen this kind of scheme utilized in other communities similar to them where the husband is essentially doing a very long PhD in Talmudic studies with little income other than tutoring or teaching akin to a graduate assistant. 216.195.89.58 (talk) 21:03, 5 July 2016 (UTC)

 * It's possible because some residents of Kiryas Joel pull shenanigans like this to lie about their income and defraud the government: https://jewishweek.timesofisrael.com/kiryas-joel-snagged-in-welfare-scandal/ (http://archive.ph/bpNOA) --Subject Matter Expert Supreme 01:19, 8 January 2019 (UTC)

Bus stop picture
Correct me if I’m wrong here, but there doesn’t seem to be any real Yiddish or Hebrew on the bus stop signs shown on the picture (as its caption describes), apart from the town’s name. Seems to me rather as a phonetic transcription of English in Yiddish.

 * You are correct. I've altered the description accordingly. JoshuaZ 15:30, 27 October 2006 (UTC)

 * I don't agree - that sign's in Yiddish; it just so happens that all the words are borrowed from English. Nevertheless I'll leave it to someone else to change it if they agree with me. Bws2002 22:36, 29 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Hmm, I'm not sure I know enough Yiddish to make a judgement on the matter, is the modern yiddish for "bus stop" really just "bus stop" transliterated in hebrew? JoshuaZ 22:43, 29 October 2006 (UTC)
 * No, apparently it's bas stap. :-D Tom e rtalk  07:36, 30 October 2006 (UTC)
 * No, JoshuaZ is right in modern Yiddish it's just "bus stop".Neigerig 14:04, 30 October 2006 (UTC)
 * You apparently failed to understand what I was saying. Oh well.  Tom e rtalk  14:32, 31 October 2006 (UTC)
 * I get it, Tomer - that's funny, and it also brings up an interesting point. Actually, an alef in this dialect of Yiddish can be any of three sounds: one is 'a,' another is 'u' (like the vowel in 'food', and yet another is 'o,' which is pretty close to the vowel in the English word 'bus.' So I'd transcribe it "bos stap."Bws2002 17:14, 31 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Yiddish is like my 14th language, but I'd be inclined to agree with your transliteration. Tom e rtalk  00:22, 1 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Yes, in modern Yiddish, at least in the NY-chasidic dialect, it's just "bus stop". Same with "villidz transportation". :

As the original photographer of that sign (as well as the "skyline" shot in the infobox), and one ignorant of the Hebrew alphabet (much less Yiddish) despite my first name, I appreciate having been able to read this discussion, especially since I had boldly gone and cleaned up the cutline first.

I remember a similar anecdote relayed by Isaac Asimov about his father, who could not read the Roman alphabet when he first arrived in this country. But he saw a sign in Yiddish and went to read it. He was, however, mystified by what "Vindehz gefikst" was supposed to mean, and only much later did he learn it was supposed to mean "Windows fixed".

Similarly, Asimov himself (I believe this is all in Asimov's Treasury of Humor) recalls his chagrin at picking up a copy of one of his books in Hebrew for the first time, and seeing that the translator had rendered his first name as a transliteration of "Isaac" instead of using "Yitzhak" (his original given name). Daniel Case 14:42, 2 November 2006 (UTC)

 * I like both of these Asimov anecdotes very much. The second one is particularly telling, and I understand how it came about - there happens to be a traditional Jewish name Ayzik that sounds identical to the English name Isaac. What most likely happened is that the people involved in publishing the Hebrew translation heard Asimov's first name and assumed that he was Ayzik, not Isaac.Bws2002 23:10, 2 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Love both of these stories Editor8778 (talk) 22:24, 24 June 2024 (UTC)

Drop shadow
Would anyone mind if I crop out the drop shadow from the image of Rabbi Joel Teitelbaum? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Richard Arthur Norton (1958- ) (talk • contribs) 04:52, 7 December 2006 (UTC).
 * AGREE. I think it's a good idea, more consistent with encyclopedic style and other portraits throughout Wikipedia. --Lisasmall 20:36, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

Essay moved from article
''Since the enactment of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act of 1996 (Welfare Reform), there has been a federally imposed limit of 24 consecutive months, along with a 60 month lifetime limit, on welfare benefits throughout the United States. It is therefore misleading that the majority of this community, or any other community in the United States, continuesly lives or relies heavily on "government welfare" as such broad ranging welfare benefits are not available in the United States.'' --moved by Richard Arthur Norton (1958- )

Yes, that limit is only technically imposed, since local social service agencies do continue benefits past those time limits by transferring recipients into different categories of financial assistance. This is provided that the recipient remains in need, has been compliant with work ability assessments (and attempted placements barring religious observance) and is not eligible for federal disability benefits. --24.190.71.206 (talk) 18:06, 2 June 2009 (UTC)

Copyright problem
This article has been reverted by a bot to as part of a large-scale clean-up project of multiple article copyright infringement. (See the investigation subpage) This has been done to remove User:Accotink2's contributions as they have a history of extensive copyright violation and so it is assumed that all of their major contributions are copyright violations. Earlier text must not be restored, unless it can be verified to be free of infringement. For legal reasons, Wikipedia cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or printed material; such additions must be deleted. Contributors may use sources as a source of information, but not as a source of sentences or phrases. Accordingly, the material may be rewritten, but only if it does not infringe on the copyright of the original or plagiarize from that source. Please see our guideline on non-free text for how to properly implement limited quotations of copyrighted text. Wikipedia takes copyright violations very seriously. VWBot (talk) 13:44, 10 December 2010 (UTC)

Disproportionate towards the negative
Although I hesitate to add any tags such as or  just yet, I wanted to note here that it seems to me that the bulk of this article reads quite negatively. I think it needs to have more content discussing the town's positive qualities. I'm just not sure how to go about doing this without conversely having it read like a. -- œ ™ 19:59, 16 January 2011 (UTC)

So, what are the "positive qualities"?

Kiryas Joel is the colony of a religious cult, that uses its political power to extort money from its neighbors to support its existence as an exclusionary religious-ethnic community. How much of a "positive" spin can you put on that? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 97.127.152.206 (talk) 04:20, 14 March 2011 (UTC)

 * Dead on. 2600:4040:2788:1500:B1D5:75D1:8605:BC76 (talk) 22:39, 1 March 2023 (UTC)

Although I hate intolerance and such, the Hasidics are doing a crazy amount of damage to the Hudson Valley. They evade taxes (hence the 'poorest' community in America, except for the fact that they drive respectable cars, and support 10 children a family), they vote in blocs and take over school and library trustee boards, and they vote down budgets for schools and libraries (look at East Ramapo Central School District). — Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.205.236.188 (talk) 04:32, 10 February 2012 (UTC)

I disagree with the balance you are looking for. For a community that prides itself on ethical monotheism, the negatives that are happening vis-a-vis fraud, tax evasion, etc. are embarrassing and deserve scrutiny. We are not talking about an Amish community here. We are talking about a community that wants to be left alone, doesn't want to be transparent, harbors deep resentment to other Jews (if they even view them as such), non-Jews in general, calls African-Americans pejoratively shwartzas, and expects to be rewarded with government dollars that typically do not go to the intended places as requested in the grants, etc. They are poor in many cases by choice because they handicap themselves by not allowing themselves a proper high school or college education. The women who have a decent high school education are saddled by raising large families making it extremely challenging to enter the workforce, if at all. If they even speak their mind, they are rewarded by violence, alienation, and/or expulsion. I say this as a criticism because I would hope they make some progress toward modernity. I do not hate them. I want to see them succeed without having to struggle in this manner. And, I do not see this as normal mainstream Judaism. I see it as if their leaders have taken them off the path to suit their economic objectives and power control. The state governments need to help them make reasonable and dignified changes and explain to them that no one is going to let this charade go on. I shudder to think that this passes for religious freedom. Are these people really free or are they shackled? If I have distant cousins that live here, I would hope they find their way out. They are welcome to my home any time. Hopefully, they won't be so judging that they won't see me as a Jew. 216.195.89.58 (talk) 21:14, 5 July 2016 (UTC)

I do understand how you can get that impression but the criticisms are all under one section that happens to be at the end which probably leaves a bad taste. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 96.225.33.67 (talk) 23:52, 15 December 2020 (UTC)

Law suit
This current law-suit by some residents against the village deserves a mention, if adequate sources can be found. Zerotalk 12:55, 14 June 2011 (UTC)

strange for me
is someone able to explain why google finds this page with "kehilat moshe" while control-F fails to detect these words (not even searching as keh or ke or mos)? pietro 2A00:1620:C0:64:21C:61FF:FE03:A4C (talk) 15:54, 6 March 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 3 external links on Kiryas Joel, New York. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://archive.is/20160602200744/http://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2015/SUB-EST2015.html to http://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2015/SUB-EST2015.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20151016053859/http://www.mla.org/census_data_results%26state_id%3D36%26place_id%3D39853 to http://www.mla.org/census_data_results%26state_id%3D36%26place_id%3D39853
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20151016053859/http://www.mla.org/census_data_results%26state_id%3D36%26place_id%3D39853 to http://www.mla.org/census_data_results%26state_id%3D36%26place_id%3D39853

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 18:05, 6 May 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Kiryas Joel, New York. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20131019062916/http://www.ntdprogram.gov/ntdprogram/pubs/profiles/2009/agency_profiles/2187.pdf to http://www.ntdprogram.gov/ntdprogram/pubs/profiles/2009/agency_profiles/2187.pdf

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 06:59, 11 December 2017 (UTC)

Question
Is there any distinction between Kiryas Joel and Palm Tree? The article calls KJ a village within the town of Palm Tree, but I get the impression that it makes up the entirely of the own, so it's kind of confusing. Carlo (talk) 15:13, 5 December 2019 (UTC)
 * I would explain the distinction as I understand it with a parable of sorts: The village is the cookie and the town is the jar; if the community wishes to expand they would have to enlarge the jar, and possibly also enlarge the cookie with it or add another one to the jar. Hope this helps. StonyBrook (talk) 22:12, 5 December 2019 (UTC)
 * It's exactly like New York County takes up the entirety of Manhattan Editor8778 (talk) 22:22, 24 June 2024 (UTC)
 * They are legally classified as "coterminous", which under NY state law lets them have one government for both, and they are allowed to choose that one government to use either village governance procedures or town governance procedures – see this article reporting on that vote. If the Town ever expands by annexation the Village would legally have to expand at the same time. If they didn't do that, they'd lose their legal "coterminous" status, and would be forced to set up two different governments. I doubt they'd want that because for them government is just a means to an end and not really important in itself, so they want to keep their municipal government as small and simple as they can while still meeting their community's needs. The idea of separate town and village governments is to maximise local democracy, but that's not something the KJ community really cares about. SomethingForDeletion (talk) 20:53, 26 June 2024 (UTC)

Palm Tree, New York
redirects here but has substantial text after the #REDIRECT directive. I've reopened the discussion at Talk:Palm Tree, New York. Certes (talk) 13:09, 12 December 2022 (UTC)
 * Do the Town of Palm Tree and the Village of Kiryas Joel have separate governments? If they have the same government, then I think we call them one coterminous town-village.  I tried to determine this myself, but neither entity has a government website online.Inkan1969 (talk) 14:44, 4 October 2023 (UTC)
 * They have one and the same government. Although they don't have a website, the Orange County website says as much, see here. Under NY state law, the residents of a coterminous town and village have to vote on whether to adopt a town form of government or a village form of government, and KJ's residents voted for the village form. Obviously that vote only makes sense if there is one government between the two of them. At one point I read an article in one of the local papers (might have been Lohud.com) which reported on this vote, but unfortunately I can't find it anymore. SomethingForDeletion (talk) 20:45, 26 June 2024 (UTC)
 * Oh I found the article. It wasn't Lohud, it was Times Herald-Record (both Gannett papers, just different Gannett papers). Here it is: "Palm Tree finally getting judges". See in particular the section at the end, "KJ-Palm Tree voters choose village over town". SomethingForDeletion (talk) 20:49, 26 June 2024 (UTC)

On the name Palm Tree
''The name "Palm Tree" is a calque (translation) of the surname/family name of Joel Teitelbaum. ''

This is incorrect. It's a literal translation Yiddish teytlboym 'date palm' (from Middle High German tahtel 'date' + boum 'tree').

Teitelbaum means Palm Tree. Editor8778 (talk) 22:21, 24 June 2024 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure what you are trying to say here. Teitelbaum or teytlboym (however we wish to spell it) is the Yiddish word for "date palm" or "palm tree", and also the Rebbe's family name. So it is correct that "Palm Tree" is a calque or loan translation of "Teitelbaum". You seem to be saying that it is a "literal translation", but that's not contradictory to it being a calque or loan translation; as the calque article says, "a calque (/kælk/) or loan translation is a word or phrase borrowed from another language by literal word-for-word or root-for-root translation". So nothing the article says is wrong, I think maybe you are misunderstanding what it says and hence wrongly thinking it incorrect even when it isn't. SomethingForDeletion (talk) 20:40, 26 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Kiryas Joel, New York


text:
Roselands, New South Wales

Roselands is a suburb to the south-west of the Sydney CBD, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Roselands is located 16 kilometres south-west of the Sydney central business district in the City of Canterbury-Bankstown. It is one of the easternmost suburbs in the Western Sydney area and is one of the major suburbs in Sydney without a train station.

Geography
Roselands lies in the Cooks River watershed. The soil is clay, based on Wianamatta shale and is on the eastern edge of the great Cumberland Plain which extends westward to the Hawkesbury River and into the Blue Mountains. The topography is low rolling hills. Before settlement, the vegetation was open eucalypt woodland.

Aboriginal
The first inhabitants of surrounding areas were Australian Aboriginals. At the time of British settlement in 1788 the inhabitants were of the Darug language group and they called themselves Kuri or Koori. Land grants by the new colonial government began in about 1810.

European
This area was originally part of the suburb of Punchbowl and still shares its postcode of 2196. H.R. Morgan was granted land in the area in 1842. John Fenwick bought 100 acre in about 1880 from Matthew Norman in the area between Canterbury, Canarys and Bonds Roads. He built Belmore House on this land, which was demolished for the construction of Roselands Shopping Centre. The closest railway line was built to the neighbouring suburb of Belmore in 1895 and extended to Bankstown in 1909.

The suburb takes its name from the plant nursery that originally occupied the land. Later a golf course was built with same name which was taken over to build the shopping centre. It became a suburb on 9 February 1987, after some years of agitation by local residents and members of parliament.

Commercial area
Roselands Shopping Centre was the third fully enclosed shopping precinct in Australia, opened in October 1965 (predated by Monaro Mall [March 1963] in Canberra and Miranda Fair [March 1964] in Sydney). Older open-air shopping precincts in Australia included Chermside Drive-in Shopping Centre (May 1957) in Brisbane, Top Ryde Drive-in Shopping Centre (November 1957) in Sydney, Chadstone Shopping Centre [October 1960] in Melbourne and Warringah Mall (April 1963) in Sydney.

Roselands was built on the site of a golf course. It boasted a large Grace Bros Department Store (now Myer), a single movie cinema, an indoor rainfall water feature (the 'raindrop fountain'), tennis courts and the first food court in Australia (Four Corners, demolished in 2000, remade as the Raindrop Food Court in December 2000). Many local bus services were diverted to service the new shopping centre upon its opening, but the centre was primarily designed for the age of the automobile with plenty of parking as it was distant from any railway stations. It has since had many upgrades although it remains smaller than other Sydney shopping centres.

Transport
King Georges Road is the main road through Roselands. It is a ring road which connects the northern suburbs of Sydney and the north coast motorways of New South Wales to the southern beaches of Sydney and the south coast motorways of New South Wales. King Georges Road also connects Roselands to the M5 South Western Motorway which links to Sydney's International Airport (15 minutes drive east) and west to Canberra and Melbourne. The nearest railway station is in neighbouring Punchbowl

Sport and recreation
The Lantern Club is located in Roselands Avenue. Roselands Aquatic Centre is located in Centre Avenue, opposite the shopping centre. Roselands soccer club is located at Bennett Park.

Demographics
According to the 2016 Census, 44.5 per cent of Roselands residents stated they had been born overseas. Lebanon was the birthplace of the most foreign-born residents in Roselands at 5 per cent, followed by those born in People's Republic of China at 3.8 per cent.

In terms of ethnicity, the largest group in 2016 were those claiming Greek ancestry with 12.4 per cent of the responses, followed by those claiming Lebanese background at 12.3 per cent, and thirdly by those claiming Australian descent with 11.3 per cent.

English only is the most common home language in Roselands, used by a plurality of 35.9 per cent of residents, followed by Arabic – the home language of 16.6 per cent – and Greek spoken by 12.2 per cent at home.

According to the census, Christianity was the most followed faith in Roselands with 60.5 per cent of residents reporting that they were Christian. However, Christians in the area belong to many denominations, with the largest proportions being Catholic at 24.3 per cent, Orthodox with 17.3 per cent. Islam is the second largest religious group, accounting for 18.8 per cent of residents.

Politics
Roselands is in the state electorates of Lakemba and Canterbury, both of which are safe Labor seats.

title: Roselands, New South Wales


text:
Wikipedia:Files for deletion/2005 August 31

Finished. User:Zscout370 (Return Fire) 01:44, 25 June 2006 (UTC)


text:
Rosehill

Rosehill may refer to:

Australia

 * Rosehill, New South Wales, in Sydney, Australia

Canada

 * Rosehill, Ontario, a neighborhood in Caledon, Ontario
 * Rosehill, Toronto, a neighborhood in the Toronto-St. Paul electoral district

Ireland

 * Rosehill, Templeport, a townland in County Cavan, Ireland

New Zealand

 * Rosehill, New Zealand, a suburb of Auckland

United Kingdom

 * Rosehill, Aberdeenshire, an area of Aberdeen, Scotland
 * Rosehill, Cornwall
 * Rosehill, Greater Manchester, England, a U.K. location
 * Rosehill, Lancashire, England, a U.K. location
 * Rosehill, London
 * Rosehill, North Tyneside, England, a U.K. location
 * Rosehill, Pembrokeshire, Wales, a U.K. location
 * Rosehill, Shropshire, a U.K. location
 * Rosehill Quarry Community Park, Swansea, Wales
 * Rosehill, Wrexham, Wales
 * Rosehill, the Coventry home of Charles Bray that frequently hosted intellectuals and reformers

United States

 * Rosehill Cemetery, Chicago, Illinois
 * Rosehill (Gambrills, Maryland), a historic home on the National Register in Anne Arundel County, Maryland
 * Rosehill, Mississippi, Marion County, Mississippi
 * Rosehill, Philadelphia, a place in Pennsylvania

Other uses

 * Rosehill (elm hybrid) (Ulmus × intermedia 'Rosehill')
 * Jay Rosehill (born 1985), professional ice hockey player
 * SS Rosehill, a 1911 English steam cargo ship

title: Rosehill


text:
Bluestone River

The Bluestone River is a tributary of the New River, 77 mi (124 km) long, in southwestern Virginia and southern West Virginia in the United States. Via the New, Kanawha and Ohio rivers, it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River. An 11 mi (18 km) portion of its lower course in West Virginia is designated as the Bluestone National Scenic River.

Course
The Bluestone rises on East River Mountain in Tazewell County, Virginia and flows generally northeastwardly through Mercer and Summers counties in West Virginia, passing the towns of Bluefield in Virginia and Bramwell and Montcalm in West Virginia. It joins the New River about 4 mi (6.4 km) south of Hinton as part of Bluestone Lake, which is formed by a U.S. Army Corps of Engineers dam on the New. The Bluestone's National Scenic River segment is located mostly in Summers County, as is Pipestem Resort State Park, which lies along a gorge formed by the river.

Pollution
The Bluestone has been compromised by PCB contamination, largely left over from former coal mining activities. As a result of this contamination, Virginia does not recommend eating any carp in the upstream vicinity of Bluefield, Virginia. West Virginia recommends eating no more than one meal of carp per month.

In Virginia, the state Department of Environmental Quality does not recommend any contact recreation (such as swimming or wading) in the Bluestone due to high levels of fecal coliform bacteria.

Little Bluestone River
The Little Bluestone River is a minor tributary of the Bluestone in Summers County, fewer than 10 mi (15 km) in length from its formation by the confluence of two streams, White Oak Branch and Jumping Branch.

Variant names
According to the Geographic Names Information System, the Bluestone River has also been known as: Native American names have included the following:
 * Big Bluestone River
 * Blue Stone Creek
 * Blue Stone River
 * Bluestone Creek
 * Mec-ce-ne-ke-ke-ce-pe-we
 * Mec-cen-ne-ke-ke
 * Mo-mom-ga-sen-eka-ce-pe

title: Bluestone River


text:
Talk:Fiona (singer)

Untitled
Someone please alter this article as it does not comform to Wikipedia's basic standards. Thanks. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 64.12.116.138 (talk • contribs).

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Fiona (singer). Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150414230633/http://talentspotlightmagazine.net/2012/03/interview-with-fiona-flanagan-by-jessica-gilbert/ to http://talentspotlightmagazine.net/2012/03/interview-with-fiona-flanagan-by-jessica-gilbert/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 14:37, 2 January 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Fiona (singer)


text:
User:BCwine

Wikipedia user BCwine is an inveterate internet volunteer, and wine industry professional based in British Columbia, Canada.

title: User:BCwine


text:
User:WestonRuter/WritingSystems

Orthographies, serifs, ligatures, digraphs, kerning, tracking, glyph, grapheme, character, codepoint, typeface/font, Graphonomics, cursive, Terminology in graphonomics, allograph, allography,

title: User:WestonRuter/WritingSystems


text:
Basel Historical Museum

The Basel Historical Museum (Historisches Museum Basel) is one of the largest and most important museums of its kind in Switzerland and a heritage site of national significance. It opened in 1892. The museum is divided into three buildings within the city of Basel: the Barfüsserkirche, Haus zum Kirschgarten and Musikmuseum.

Location and history
The main part of the museum is located in the Barfüsserkirche (literally ‘Barefeet Church’) in the centre of the city of Basel. The Barfüsserkirche is a former Franciscan church with its origins in the 13th century. In 1529, during the Protestant Reformation, the site was given to the city. It was then used for multiple purposes, including as a hospital, school, and warehouse. The church was used for worship until 1794. From 1890 to 1894, the church was renovated to house the city's new Historical Museum.

On 20 October 1975, workers discovered a brick-walled grave chamber in front of the choir, containing the mummified corpse of a woman. She was identified as Anna Catharina Bischoff and turned out to be an ancestor of Boris Johnson.

Items in the exhibition
The museum houses the Upper Rhine’s most comprehensive cultural history collection and the display area covers 6,200 square meters. The exhibition presents objects documenting handicraft traditions and everyday culture from ages past. Its focus is on the late Middle Ages and the Renaissance up to the Baroque period. Leading highlights include: the treasury of the Basel Cathedral, the Basel and Strasbourg tapestries, the fragments of Basel’s dance of death, altars and ecclesiastical graphic works, the estate of Erasmus of Rotterdam, the coin cabinet and glass painting. The museum also preserves old cabinets of curiosities which have been bequeathed, as Amerbach cabinet and Faesch cabinet, which works great collectors Basel sixteenth and seventeenth century.

Management
The museum is managed by the canton of Basel-City. Its origins lie with the Amerbach family in the 16th century whose Wunderkammer was bought by Basel 1661 and brought to the public 1671. The cultural history objects of this Wunderkammer, together with the ones of other collections, became the Historisches Museum Basel in 1894.

Location and history
The Haus zum Kirschgarten (House to the Cherry garden) was built between 1775 and 1780 for, a silk ribbon manufacturer. The architect was. Burckhardt sold the house in 1797. In 1951, a museum on domestic culture was installed.

Items in the exhibition
Most of the 50 exhibition rooms are dedicated to showing typical common living space in Basel during the 18th and 19th century. Shown are varying furnitures, paintings, porcelain and toys and has been extended by a professional collection.

Location and history
The Musikmuseum is situated over the Barfüsserplatz, opposite the Barfüsserkirche. It is located on the site of a former convent.

Items in the exhibition
In 21 exhibition rooms over five centuries of European music history is displayed. The exhibition has three main points:

 * Instruments from the 16th to the 20th century
 * Concerts, choirs and dance
 * Parades, ceremony and signal-to-noise

title: Basel Historical Museum


text: User talk:70.189.42.40

title: User talk:70.189.42.40


text: User talk:220.233.88.165

title: User talk:220.233.88.165


text:
French Guards Regiment

The French Guards (Régiment des Gardes françaises) were an elite infantry regiment of the French Royal Army. They formed a constituent part of the maison militaire du roi de France ("military household of the king of France") under the Ancien Régime.

The French Guards, who were located in Paris, played a major part in the French Revolution as most of the guardsmen defected to the revolutionary cause and ensured the collapse of absolute monarchy in France. French Guards led the Storming of the Bastille and formed the cadre for the National Guard.

History
The regiment was created in 1563 by Charles IX. It was composed of 9,000 men in 30 companies in 1635 with 300 fusiliers per company. They were armed with a form of musket ("fusils") or steel-handled pikes, and were allowed to conduct a normal civilian life in times of peace. In practice this meant that they could undertake civilian employment when not required on duty.

At Catherine de' Medici's insistence, they were at first spread over several garrisons, but after the attempted kidnapping of King Charles IX near Meaux by Huguenots, the Gardes were brought back together specifically to protect the monarch.

Privileges, role and organisation
In times of war the Gardes Françaises had the privilege of choosing their own battle positions (usually in the centre of the first line of infantry). Other privileges included leading the assault when a wall was breached during a siege, the first choice of barracks and special rights of trial. When on parade, they took precedence over all other regiments in the Royal Army.

They shared responsibility for guarding the exterior of the Palace of Versailles with the Gardes Suisses. In addition, the French Guards had responsibility for maintaining public order in Paris, in support of the various police forces of the capital.

In 1764, the Gardes Françaises was reorganized to have six battalions, with five fusilier companies (each 120 men) and one grenadier half-company of 50 men.

In 1789, the Gardes Françaises constituted the largest element of the Household troops (Maison Militaire du Roi). Six grenadier and 24 fusilier companies were divided into the six battalions that comprised the full regiment. The total number of Gardes Françaises amounted to about 3,600 men. The regimental colonel usually held the rank of Marshal of France. Captains of the grenadier companies ranked as colonels in the infantry of the line. There was one grenadier company (109 officers and men) and four fusilier companies (each numbering 132 officers and men) to each battalion.

Image and recruitment basis
The subsequent image of the Gardes Françaises as a socially-elite palace unit led solely by courtier officers may be largely incorrect. Most of the regimental officers were from outside Paris, and some, such as the future Maréchal Abraham de Fabert, did not have even the status of provincial aristocrats.

The rank and file were recruited from all over France but through marriages and off-duty employment, they quickly established local ties in Paris, which were to influence their behaviour at the outbreak of the French Revolution. Guardsmen were enlisted for a minimum of eight years and were required to be French nationals with a minimum height of 1.73 m (5'8"), compared with the 1.68 m (5'6") of line infantry soldiers.

The reported incident at the Battle of Fontenoy in which officers of the Gardes Françaises and their English counterparts invited each other to fire first is sometimes cited as an example of excessive chivalry amongst aristocratic opponents. However, in 18th-century warfare, the unit that held its fire until it was closest to the enemy would be able to deliver the most effective volley. On this occasion the Gardes Françaises fired first, with limited effect, and sustained heavy casualties, of 411 dead and wounded.

Uniform
During the years 1685 to 1789 the regiment wore dark "king's blue" coats, with red collars, cuffs and waistcoats. Breeches were red (later white), and leggings were white. Grenadiers had high fur hats, and the fusilier companies wore the standard tricorn of the French infantry. Coats and waistcoats were heavily embroidered in white or silver (for officers) braid.

French Revolution
The sympathy shown by the Gardes Françaises for the French Revolution at its outbreak was crucial to the initial success of the rising. The other two units of the Maison militaire du roi de France at the time, the Swiss Guards and the Bodyguard, remained loyal to the king, but they were smaller units than the Gardes Françaises and lacked the Parisian connections of the latter regiment.

During weeks of disturbances prior to early July 1789 leading up to the fall of the Bastille, the regiment initially obeyed orders and on several occasions, it acted against the increasingly-unruly crowds. In April, during a riot at the Réveillon wallpaper factory, guardsmen had fired on a hostile crowd, killing and wounding several hundreds. However, in addition to local ties with the Parisians, the regiment was resentful of the harsh Prussian style discipline introduced by its colonel, the Duc du Châtelet, who had taken up his appointment the year before. The officers of the regiment had negligently left day-to-day control in the hands of the non-commissioned officers, and had limited interaction with their men. These factors led to desertions from 27 June onward, followed by an incident on 12 July in which French Guards fired on the Royal-Allemand Regiment and the final defection of most of the rank and file on 14 July. Reportedly, only one of the sergeants stood by the officers when they tried to reassemble their men in the courtyard of the Paris barracks of the Guard. Of the six battalions (sub-units of about 600 men each) in the whole of the regiment, the equivalent of only one battalion remained obedient to orders. The mutineers played a key role in the attack on the Bastille, where they were credited with both the effective use of artillery cannons and with preventing a massacre of the garrison after surrender.

Following the fall of the Bastille, the Gardes Françaises petitioned to resume their guard duties at Versailles. However, this proposal was declined, and the regiment was formally disbanded on 31 August 1789.

On 15 July 1789 all the officers of the Gardes Françaises, led by their colonel, had resigned their commissions. In a letter dated 21 July, addressed to the Marquis de Lafayette, King Louis XVI authorized 3,600 rank and file members of the regiment, including the regimental band, to enter the newly raised Garde Bourgeoise. The Gardes Françaises subsequently provided the professional core of the Garde Nationale. As such, they acted under the command of the Marquis de Lafayette to restore order when a mob from Paris invaded the Palace of Versailles at dawn on 6 October 1789, and escorted the Royal Family to Paris in the afternoon of the same day. In October 1792, the former Gardes Françaises were distributed among the new volunteer units that were being mobilised for war. In their final role, the erstwhile royal guardsmen provided cadres (officers and senior non-commissioned officers) for the revolutionary armies of 1792 to 1802.

Following the Bourbon restoration of 1814, attempts were made to recreate most of the various military units that had formerly made up the Royal Household. However, the defection of the Gardes Françaises at a crucial point in the revolution could not be forgotten, and no attempt was made to re-establish that regiment.

Battles

 * Saint-Denis (1567)
 * St. Bartholomew's Day massacre (1572)
 * Day of the Barricades (1588)
 * La Rochelle (1627–1628)
 * Lens (1648)
 * Fleurus (1690)
 * Steenkerque (1692)
 * Ramillies (1706)
 * Malplaquet (1709)
 * Dettingen (1743)
 * Fontenoy (1745)
 * The Storming of the Bastille (1789)

Notable members

 * Pierre de Montesquiou d'Artagnan
 * François d'Aubusson de La Feuillade
 * Charles de Blanchefort
 * Nicolas Catinat
 * Abraham de Fabert
 * Louis Friant
 * Armand Louis de Gontaut
 * Antoine III de Gramont
 * Antoine Galiot Mandat de Grancey
 * Lazare Hoche
 * François Joseph Lefebvre
 * Filippo di Piero Strozzi

title: French Guards Regiment