text:
Lobes of the brain

The lobes of the brain are the major identifiable zones of the human cerebral cortex, and they comprise the surface of each hemisphere of the cerebrum. The two hemispheres are roughly symmetrical in structure, and are connected by the corpus callosum. They traditionally have been divided into four lobes, but are today considered as having six lobes each. The lobes are large areas that are anatomically distinguishable, and are also functionally distinct to some degree. Each lobe of the brain has numerous ridges, or gyri, and furrows, the sulci that constitute further subzones of the cortex. The expression "lobes of the brain" usually refers only to those of the cerebrum, not to the distinct areas of the cerebellum.

Frontal lobe
The frontal lobe is located at the front of each cerebral hemisphere and positioned in front of the parietal lobe and above and in front of the temporal lobe. It is separated from the parietal lobe by a space between tissues called the central sulcus, and from the temporal lobe by a deep fold called the lateral sulcus also called the Sylvian fissure. The precentral gyrus, which forms the posterior border of the frontal lobe, contains the primary motor cortex (area 4 under the Brodmann area architecture) which controls voluntary movements of specific body parts. The precentral region also contains the premotor cortex (Brodmann area 6).

The frontal lobe contains most of the dopamine-delicate neurons in the cerebral cortex. The dopamine system is associated with reward, attention, short-term memory tasks, planning, and motivation. Dopamine tends to limit and select sensory information arriving from the thalamus to the forebrain. A report from the National Institute of Mental Health says a gene variant that reduces dopamine activity in the prefrontal cortex is related to poorer performance and inefficient functioning of that brain region during working memory tasks, and to a slightly increased risk for schizophrenia.

The frontal lobe consists of the prefrontal cortex which is located in the most anterior (farthest away) section of the frontal lobe. It is critical for one's working memory and executive control which helps keep goals and complex tasks organized.

The divisions of the prefrontal cortex include orbital, medial, and lateral prefrontal cortex. Within the lateral prefrontal cortex there are two different divisions: the dorsolateral and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is located on top of the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and is mainly responsible for the executive control and manipulation of memories that are retrieved through episodic memory. The ventrolateral prefrontal cortex is important for the regulation of meaningful stimuli that a person experiences throughout their lifetime, such as images, letters, and names.

Damage to the prefrontal cortex can result in issues with one's long term and short-term memories, as well as create changes in people's behaviors and their abilities to plan and organize.

Damage can result from lesions or tumors that have been surgically removed, and traumatic brain injuries (TBI) experienced from a severe hit to the head causing damage to the brain from swelling. Most often a TBI is experienced within a person's childhood from playing competitive sports or an accident from normal play. Having a traumatic brain injury can increase your chances of developing neurological psychiatric problems and abusing substances, such as cannabis, is known to be a risk factor in developing symptoms associated with schizophrenia. A study found that schizophrenia symptoms (hearing voices, talking to people who were not there, etc.) worsened after the usage of cannabis, suggesting that a TBI from childhood can enhance a development of psychosis due to the changes seen in the white matter within the frontal-temporal areas.

Parietal lobe
The parietal lobe is positioned above the occipital lobe and behind the frontal lobe and central sulcus.

The parietal lobe integrates sensory information among various modalities, including spatial sense and navigation (proprioception), the main sensory receptive area for the sense of touch (mechanoreception) in the somatosensory cortex which is just posterior to the central sulcus in the postcentral gyrus, and the dorsal stream of the visual system. The major sensory inputs from the skin (touch, temperature, and pain receptors), relay through the thalamus to the parietal lobe.

Several areas of the parietal lobe are important in language processing. The somatosensory cortex can be illustrated as a distorted figure — the homunculus (Latin: "little man"), in which the body parts are rendered according to how much of the somatosensory cortex is devoted to them. The superior parietal lobule and inferior parietal lobule are the primary areas of body or spatial awareness. A lesion commonly in the right superior or inferior parietal lobule leads to hemineglect.

Occipital lobe
The occipital lobe is the visual processing center of the mammalian brain containing most of the anatomical region of the visual cortex. The primary visual cortex is Brodmann area 17, commonly called V1 (visual one). Human V1 is located on the medial side of the occipital lobe within the calcarine sulcus; the full extent of V1 often continues onto the posterior pole of the occipital lobe. V1 is often also called striate cortex because it can be identified by a large stripe of myelin, the Stria of Gennari. Visually driven regions outside V1 are called extrastriate cortex. There are many extrastriate regions, and these are specialized for different visual tasks, such as visuospatial processing, color differentiation, and motion perception.

Temporal lobe
The temporal lobe is located beneath the lateral fissure on both cerebral hemispheres of the mammalian brain.

The temporal lobe is involved in processing sensory input into derived meanings for the appropriate retention of visual memories, language comprehension, and emotion association.

Within the temporal lobe is an area of the brain called the hippocampus which is associated with forming new memories and learning new things. The hippocampus has been studied many times in the past for its correlation with epilepsy showing there to be damage of this area. Although it has been difficult to determine the exact link between the temporal lobe and epilepsy, Chauvière (2020) suggests that there is a positive connection between the circuitry reorganization within the neurons and temporal lobe structure impacting rhythmic activities that are important for cognition.

Limbic lobe
The limbic lobe is an arc-shaped region of cortex on the medial surface of each cerebral hemisphere of the mammalian brain, consisting of parts of the frontal, parietal and temporal lobes. The term is ambiguous, with some authors including the paraterminal gyrus, the subcallosal area, the cingulate gyrus, the parahippocampal gyrus, the dentate gyrus, the hippocampus and the subiculum; while the Terminologia Anatomica includes the cingulate sulcus, the cingulate gyrus, the isthmus of cingulate gyrus, the fasciolar gyrus, the parahippocampal gyrus, the parahippocampal sulcus, the dentate gyrus, the fimbrodentate sulcus, the fimbria of hippocampus, the collateral sulcus, and the rhinal sulcus, and omits the hippocampus.

Insular cortex
The insular cortex is a portion of the cerebral cortex folded deep within the lateral sulcus (the fissure separating the temporal lobe from the parietal and frontal lobes). The insular cortex has an important function for sending axons to the amygdala and responding to tones and somatosensory stimulation.

Berret, et al. (2019) used mice to study the fear response that is associated with perceived threats from their memory of previously being shocked on their foot, finding adverse reflex responses in shocking stimulation whenever the insular cortex was silenced. This finding supports that the insular cortex takes information to specific amygdala subdivisions creating different components for fear behaviors.

The insulae are believed to be involved in consciousness and play a role in diverse functions usually linked to emotion or the regulation of the body's homeostasis. These functions include perception, motor control, self-awareness, cognitive functioning, and interpersonal experience. In relation to these, it is involved in psychopathology.

The insular cortex is divided into two parts: the larger anterior insula and the smaller posterior insula in which more than a dozen field areas have been identified. The cortical area overlying the insula toward the lateral surface of the brain is the operculum (meaning lid). The opercula are formed from parts of the enclosing frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes.

title: Lobes of the brain


text:
User:Egil/Sandbox/rfar

Moved to Requests_for_arbitration/Rktect/Evidence. (See history for previous versions)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Egil/Sandbox/rfar


text:
Talk:Ashley Lelie

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as start, and the rating on other projects was brought up to start class. BetacommandBot (talk) 18:04, 5 January 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Ashley Lelie


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Talk:Jason Elam

Irrelevant Details about 2007 Season
I am removing some details I judge to be irrelevant from the "Playing Career" section, specifically those about individual game performances from the 2007 season. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.4.44.223 (talk) 09:59, 16 July 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Jason Elam


text:
Location information server

The location information server, or LIS is a network node originally defined in the National Emergency Number Association i2 network architecture that addresses the intermediate solution for providing e911 service for users of VoIP telephony. The LIS is the node that determines the location of the VoIP terminal.

Beyond the NENA architecture and VoIP, the LIS is capable of providing location information to any IP device within its served access network.

The role of the LIS
Distributed systems for locating people and equipment will be at the heart of tomorrow's active offices. Computer and communications systems continue to proliferate in the office and home. Systems are varied and complex, involving wireless networks and mobile computers. However, systems are underused because the choices of control mechanisms and application interfaces are too diverse. It is therefore pertinent to consider which mechanisms might allow the user to manipulate systems in simple and ubiquitous ways, and how computers can be made more aware of the facilities in their surroundings. Knowledge of the location of people and equipment within an organization is such a mechanism. Annotating a resource database with location information allows location-based heuristics for control and interaction to be constructed. This approach is particularly attractive because location techniques can be devised that are physically unobtrusive and do not rely on explicit user action. The article describes the technology of a system for locating people and equipment, and the design of a distributed system service supporting access to that information. The application interfaces made possible by or that benefit from this facility are presented

Location determination
The method used to determine the location of a device in an access network varies between the different types of networks. For a wired network, such as Ethernet or DSL a wiremap method is common. In wiremap location determination, the location of a device is determined by finding which cables are used to send packets to the device. This involves tracing data through aggregation points in the network (such as Ethernet switches, or DSL access nodes) and finding the port that packets for that device are sent to. This information is combined with data available to the LIS (usually extracted from a database) to determine a final location. How this tracing is done then depends on the type of network.

In wireless networks, a range of technologies can be applied to location determination, the most basic of which uses the location of the radio transmitter as an approximation. The actual method applied is similar to the wiremap method, if a radio transmitter can be identified, then the location of the device can be given as the position of the transmitter with a region of uncertainty.

Architecture and protocols
The IETF has defined an architecture and protocols for acquiring location information from a LIS. A LIS in the immediate access network is automatically discovered and location information is retrieved using the HELD protocol. Location information can be retrieved directly—known as by value—or the LIS can generate a temporary URI that can be used to provide location indirectly—known as a location URI.

The location information provided by a LIS primarily uses the GEOPRIV format (RFC 4119), an XML representation based on the presence format defined in RFC 3863. RFC 4119 provides a container for both geodetic position and civic address information (now updated by RFC 5139) and also defines elements for expressing a user's privacy preferences.

title: Location information server


text:
User:MasterXiam

Okay, I know this isn't much of a personal article, but this is all I have for now. I'm still getting used to this stuff, and I don't quite understand what I'm supposed to be doing. But I'm trying.

My contributions are often small, so... don't expect a long, enormous article out of me.

Unless you find me in an article's Discussion. HA! :D

title: User:MasterXiam


text: User talk:81.243.227.177

title: User talk:81.243.227.177


text: User talk:69.235.201.135

title: User talk:69.235.201.135


text:
Pen & Pencil Club

The Pen & Pencil Club is a private social club and association of journalists in Philadelphia. It is one of the oldest continuously operating press clubs in America, founded in 1892.

History
It was founded in 1892 by reporters and editors at the city's seven morning and six evening newspapers by combining the Stylus Club, the Journalist Club of Philadelphia, and the Reporters Club. Under its bylaws, the club is controlled by the working press.

Over the years, the club has been at five locations. It is currently located at 1522 Latimer Street, approximately three blocks east of Rittenhouse Square in Center City.

The Pen & Pencil Club maintains a strict "off the record" policy on its premises. The club hosts a weekly lecture series called the Off-the-Record Sessions. Guest speakers have included governors, police commissioners, and the mayor of Philadelphia. On the last Thursday of the month, the Pen & Pencil Club hosts a poetry slam called "Slam, Bam, Thank You, Ma’am" in conjunction with the literary magazine Painted Bride Quarterly. The club also hosts monthly wine tastings led by club President Brad Wilson.

According to its website, "The club has seen many well-known faces in its history. President William Howard Taft once engaged in bar banter at the P&P until 5 a.m., after giving his bodyguards the slip. George M. Cohan felt at home here. So did past members Red Smith and Damon Runyon."

Notable members

 * Stu Bykofsky
 * Augustus Caesar Buell
 * Damon Runyon
 * Red Smith
 * Ransford Dodsworth Bucknam
 * Gardner Dozois

title: Pen & Pencil Club


text:
Talk:Alex Burgess

Previously redirected to: Talk:List of The Sandman characters

title: Talk:Alex Burgess


text:
Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/SPUI

SPUI

Something different for FPC—a diagram. I drew this diagram and I think it clearly and simply explains how this unusual type of interchange works.

 * Self-nominate and support. - Nohat 06:39, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Clear, large and informative. Very good work indeed. Raven4x4x 13:07, August 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * Well done, pefectly represents a SPUI. Phoenix2 16:11, August 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Phoenix2 22:54, August 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * Interesting.— Encephalon |  ζ   02:29:43, 2005-08-30 (UTC)
 * Looks nice, informative. Ask SPUI what he thinks about this. --Tito xd 22:45, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * See Nohat 23:22, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. It's both attractive and informative (I hope you'll do a whole family of these diagrams, as it's nice to have things all in the same style). I've a few suggestions which may improve it a tad. There are a few places where the green line is misaligned (where it splits from the eastbound carriageway; where its northeast bound fork splits; where its southwest fork splits).  The choice of red and green won't be apparent to someone with RG colourblindness - can I suggest that (in addition to the colours) a different line style be used for both (e.g dotted for red, dashed for green). Can the horizontal vectors be extended into the four shadow area?  Also, would it be possible to fill the field of the diagram (everything that isn't road) with a lightish gray; I think that would make the diagram a bit easier to read, particularly when it's thumbnailed. -- Finlay McWalter |  Talk 10:42, August 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. Some of the lines could be aligned better. Enochlau 03:34, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * There's an awful lot of blank space. Maybe crop a bit off the top and bottom? —Cryptic (talk) 06:36, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * When the red and green lines cross... does that indicate there is a overhead and the traffic doesn't cross? --AllyUnion (talk) 06:45, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * If red-line traffic is moving, green-line traffic is stopped at a traffic light, and vice-versa. Nohat 16:45, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Support, though if the alignment would fixed that'd be even better. :-). James F. (talk) 12:59, 4 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Just to keep with my previous standpoint that I just don't like diagrams and charts as FP's. Featured Diagrams would be better. --ScottyBoy900Q ∞ 15:34, 10 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Perhaps you should read What is a faetured picture?. Where it is detailed that diagrams are good FP candidates (note, I wrote those standards and you are welcome to comment on them). I think it is a set precedent that diagrams should be judged on their own merits (as we have many featured diagrams) and not opposed simply for being diagrams. This link is Broken 23:19, 13 September 2005 (UTC)

Unfortunately not enough positive votes. Raven4x4x 00:01, 14 September 2005 (UTC)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Physical Culture

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was REDIRECT to Physical culture. The debate is slightly unclear, but it appears the capitalization issue was only discovered toward the end. Given Capitalistroadster's addition to the lower-cased version, and the weakness of the content as it stands, I'll redirect it. -Splash 00:19, 5 September 2005 (UTC)

Physical Culture
The Bjelke-Petersen School of Physical Culture has 180 clubs in Eastern Australia. Does this make it notable or is it just advertising? Note. The text is a direct copyvio from the school's website but since it was probably they who posted it, I think we should deal with the notability first. -- RHaworth 06:42:48, 2005-08-29 (UTC)
 * Comment. I would vote keep for it but note that it needs a significant cleanup. This is a non-profit organisation with a reasonable following and 180 clubs in Eastern Australia is a significant number of clubs. Hans Christian Bjelke-Peterson (not Sir Joh Bjelke-Petersen) was the founder of the organisation and he has an interesting background in anthropometric studies see the link. However, I am of the view that copyvios should be deleted even if the organisation has no problems with them staying. This is because material coped from the web is usually not POV nor does it usually present the information in an encylopedic way. This should be deleted as a copyvio. If someone wants to write an encyclopedic article on this that isn't a copyvio, I would welcome it. Capitalistroadster 07:30, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Clearly notable. It needs cleanup not deletion, so I have marked it as such. Osomec 13:43, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep this is a notable subject, related to the physcial fitness fads of the 1920-1960 period when "physical culture" was thought to be important. I.e Betar etc. Also the role of "physical culture" magazines as sources of gay erotica. Notable social phenominon. Klonimus 22:01, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and expand. It took me a while of sitting and thinking before I recalled that almost every young female I went to school with went to this thing called 'fizzy'.  It's a significant part of the youth of most Australian female's in Sydney especially.  Jachin 22:12, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep for reason given by Klonimus and others as well. Physical Culture was also, IIRC, the name of a quite well-known magazine, possibly edited by Bernarr Macfadden??? Good grief, do we really not have an article about Bernarr Macfadden? Apparently not... here's a website about him, ah, "Father of Physical Culture," another entry for the List of people known as the father or mother of something. Dpbsmith (talk) 22:27, 29 August 2005 (UTC) All observations apply, but change vote to redirect, see below. Dpbsmith (talk) 22:33, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment Damn case-sensitivity... we have an little stub on Physical culture. Just a stub, though. But look! it mentions Bernarr Macfadden.
 * Redirect to Physical culture. Dpbsmith (talk) 22:33, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect sounds good to me. Capitalistroadster 23:39, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Note. I have added a paragraph about the Australian version of physical culture to the "Physical culture" article. Capitalistroadster 09:15, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Football Queensland

Football Queensland is recognised by both the State and Federal Governments and Football Australia as the governing body for soccer, futsal and beach soccer in Queensland, Australia.

Tracing its history back to the establishment of the Anglo-Queensland Football Association, in 1884, Football Queensland now has more than 250,000 participants and 308 clubs across the state.

Role
Football Queensland is the sole governing body for football in Queensland with nine regional offices throughout the state:
 * Football Queensland Central
 * Football Queensland Darling Downs
 * Football Queensland Far North & Gulf
 * Football Queensland Metro (North & South)
 * Football Queensland Northern
 * Football Queensland South Coast
 * Football Queensland Sunshine Coast
 * Football Queensland Whitsunday Coast
 * Football Queensland Wide Bay

These regional offices were established in 2021 as part of the Future of Football 2020+ Reforms to better reflect the geography and strategic direction of the regions throughout Queensland. During the reform journey, the local football community was invited to engage in a six-month state-wide consultation process based on improving four key areas of the game: Governance, Administration, Competitions and Affordability.

Each regional office has a local administrator and committee members which are elected by clubs to meet quarterly to discuss functional and geographical matters.

Competitions
Football Queensland organises men’s and women’s competitions including the National Premier Leagues Queensland (NPL), which acts as the top tier of football in the state.

The Football Queensland Premier League (FQPL) sits below the NPL and connects the entire state via three conferences: the SEQ Conference, Central Conference and Northern Conference.

The NPL Queensland Men sits within the SEQ Conference.

Women's
The NPL Queensland Women sits within the SEQ Conference. The Central Conference includes the FQPL Wide Bay and FQPL Central Coast and is connected to the rest of the state via the FQPL framework. From 2022, the top teams from each competition will play off against one another in a Champions League-style competition throughout each season to determine the Central Conference winner. The Northern Conference includes the FQPL Whitsunday Coast, FQPL Northern and FQPL Far North & Gulf and is connected to the rest of the state via the FQPL framework. From 2022, the top teams from each competition will play off against one another in a Champions League-style competition throughout each season to determine the Northern Conference winner.

title: Football Queensland


text:
Southport railway station

Southport railway station serves the town of Southport, Merseyside, England. The station is the terminal of the electricified Southport branch of the Northern Line of the electric Merseyrail network and the diesel-operated Manchester-Southport Line. It is the fourth busiest station on the Merseyrail network. The station and services to Liverpool and Hunts Cross are operated by Merseyrail, with Manchester services operated by Northern Trains.

History
The Liverpool, Crosby and Southport Railway (LC&SR) opened a line on 24 July 1848 from Liverpool to a temporary station at Eastbank Street, about half a mile short of the current terminus.

The LC&SR line was extended on 5 August 1851 to the current station which opened as Southport Chapel Street. The LC&SR refused to allow the Manchester and Southport Railway (M&SR) to use its station and therefore the East Lancashire Railway (ELR) (one of the co-owners of the M&SR) built Southport London Street station next door.

London Street station was closed on 1 April 1857 and passenger services were transferred to Chapel Street.

From 1882 the West Lancashire Railway opened a line from Southport Derby Road (later known as Southport Central and situated close to Chapel Street Station) to Preston Fishergate Hill.

In 1884, another line from Southport to Liverpool opened: the Cheshire Lines Committee's (CLC) North Liverpool Extension Line from Liverpool Central to Southport Lord Street. The West Lancashire Railway sponsored the Liverpool, Southport and Preston Junction Railway to provide a connection to the CLC line, joining it at Altcar and Hillhouse. These lines ultimately proved uncompetitive, however, and the Southport services were withdrawn in January 1952.

In July 1897, both the West Lancashire and the Liverpool, Southport and Preston Junction Railways were absorbed into the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway (L&Y). The L&Y had a large terminus at Southport Chapel Street and could see no sense in operating two termini at very close proximity. On 1 May 1901, the L&Y completed a remodelling of the approach lines to Southport Central to allow trains to divert onto the Manchester to Southport line and into Southport Chapel Street Station. Southport Central was closed to passengers, and it became a goods depot, eventually amalgamating with Chapel Street depot. It survived intact well into the 1970s.

In 1904, the line from Liverpool was electrified by the L&YR, which also extended the third rail out as far as Crossens on the WLR line to Preston that year and out to Meols Cop in 1909.

In 1914 the station was enlarged taking in the land to the side of London Street which involved demolishing the former ELR station, the London Street excursion platforms were built about the same time (although called London Street, they were actually platforms belonging to Chapel Street station).

The Preston line was closed to passengers on 7 September 1964, although a small section to Hesketh Park station was used for freight until 1967. This line had its electric local services to Crossens and its through steam services withdrawn on consecutive days immediately before the official closure date - the only such route to suffer that fate during the Beeching-era closures. Nowadays, the towns of Southport and Preston are linked only by the (largely dual-carriageway) A565 and A59 roads.

At its largest, Chapel Street station had eleven regular platforms and two excursion platforms. Now six truncated platforms are in use (platforms 1-3 for Liverpool trains & 4-6 for Manchester), the rest having been demolished and the land used for car parking. In 1970 the former terminal building was replaced with a shopping centre. Platform 7 was originally going to be saved and used as an excursion platform for when mainline specials were to visit the resort, but this failed, and it, too, was demolished along with platforms 8, 9 & 10.

Remains of the signal box, carriage & wagon works & substation are still visible today.

The sidings next to the former South Curve still remain today but are not much used except for if a unit or engine needs turning.

A new M to Go shop opened in 2007, incorporating a ticket office, and the station itself underwent a £3.5 million renovation project which included a renewed roof, new lighting, glazed screens, floor tiles and toilets, plus a retail unit.

Facilities
The main entrance to this staffed station is located on the pedestrianised Chapel Street, one of Southport's main shopping areas. The car park immediately next to the station is reserved for taxis and staff only, but a large pay car park further along London Street is available for general public use.

The station is staffed 15 minutes before the first service and 15 minutes after the last service. There are toilets, platform CCTV and a Mtogo shop & booking office. There are departure and arrival screens on the platform for passenger information. There are cycle racks for 16 cycles and secure storage for 80 cycles.

Merseyrail
Monday to Saturday, trains depart every 15 minutes to Hunts Cross via Liverpool Central.

Fewer trains operate on Sundays, with the frequency reduced to one service every 30 minutes.

Merseyrail services can utilise only the electrified platforms. These are Platforms 1, 2 and 3. Platforms 2 and 3 are used more frequently than Platform 1.

Northern Trains
The Monday to Saturday service pattern underwent a major revamp at the May 2018 timetable change, with the loss of all direct trains to Bolton and Manchester Piccadilly, except for two a.m peak trains to Alderley Edge. The basic pattern was 2tph to Manchester Victoria via Wigan Wallgate and Atherton, which then continued to Rochdale and then alternately to Blackburn via the East Lancashire Line or Leeds via Brighouse. Travellers for destinations on the south side of Manchester (such as Manchester Airport or Stockport) had to change at Hindley or Salford Crescent. On Sundays, there is an hourly service to Blackburn via Wigan and Manchester Victoria.

From the winter 2019 timetable change, the timetable was revamped again on weekdays and Saturdays, with all trains running via Bolton off-peak and serving both main Manchester terminals. One ran to Alderley Edge via Manchester Piccadilly and Stockport, whilst the other runs to Manchester Victoria and onward to Stalybridge. Direct services to stations on the Atherton line no longer run and passengers wishing to travel towards Rochdale and further east have to change at Wigan Wallgate. The Sunday service pattern remains unchanged, with the hourly service to Manchester and Blackburn running via Atherton. Connections for Westhoughton and Bolton can be made at Hindley.

From the December 2022 timetable change, services to Alderley Edge stopped and now terminate at Manchester Oxford Road.

Northern Trains services normally depart from platforms 4, 5 or 6, although services can also use platform 3 if required.

title: Southport railway station


text:
User talk:PhS

Reversion, restoration
I errantly reverted an edit of yours (about which you may get a notification) this morning, and I am leaving this message to be sure that you also know that I subsequently restored it. Happy editing, JBL (talk) 12:49, 25 September 2020 (UTC)

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title: User talk:PhS


text:
Zlatan Muslimović

Zlatan Muslimović (born 6 March 1981) is a Bosnian former professional footballer who played as a forward.

Early career
As a teenager, Muslimović played for the Swedish teams Habo IF and Husqvarna FF. He went on to play for the Swedish team IFK Göteborg youth team in 1998 and 1999, before coming to Italy in 2000.

Muslimović was also a goalkeeper for the Brandstorps IF floorball club's team for boys' born in 1981 during the 1994–95 season.

Italy
Muslimović signed his first professional contract with Udinese. During the 2004–05 season, he was the top scorer of Serie C1/A side Rimini, with 15 goals in 32 matches, helping his team in winning the league and being promoted to Serie B. In 2006–07 he was loaned to Parma. In June 2007, he signed for Serie A side Atalanta (in a direct swap with Marco Motta) but suffered from lack of playing time under head coach Luigi Delneri.

PAOK
On 22 July 2008, Muslimović signed with Greek club PAOK on a three-year deal. He instantly became a fan favourite and largely contributed to PAOK's successful run in the 2008–09 season. He scored his first goal for PAOK in a friendly against Udinese and his first league goal in a home game against AEK Athens. He received the nickname "Alani" by the Gate 4 fans.

During the 2009–10 season, however, he began facing many injury problems and managed to score only four times while his playing time kept diminishing. His most memorable goal was in the 2010–11 UEFA Europa League play-offs, when he netted a 101st minute 1–1 equalizer against Fenerbahçe, sending PAOK through to the group stages. After another disappointing season, however, it was decided that his contract would not be renewed; his last official game for PAOK was against Olympiakos Volou on 25 May 2011, where he also scored.

Guizhou Renhe
On 20 February 2012, after being without a club for nine months, Muslimović signed with Chinese Super League side Guizhou Renhe. On 8 April, scored his first goal for the senior Guizhou Renhe side.

International career
Muslimović has made 30 appearances for the Bosnia and Herzegovina national team since making his debut in August 2006 in a friendly match against France as a second-half substitute. He also played for the team in their UEFA Euro 2008 qualifying matches against Malta (twice), Hungary, Norway and Turkey. Against Croatia, he scored a hat-trick.

One of Muslimović's most memorable games was the encounter with Norway in Oslo. He and midfielder Zvjezdan Misimović scored early goals in the first half giving Bosnia a night to remember on 24 March 2007 with a 2–1 victory. He turned in another solid performance in the match against Turkey by slotting home a pass from Misimović past Rüştü Reçber to level the score at 1–1. Bosnia went on to win the game 3–2 with 89th-minute substitute Adnan Čustović heading in from a corner.

Muslimović is one of only six national players (with Elvir Bolić, Elvir Baljić [who scored four goals in one game], Zvjezdan Misimović, Vedad Ibišević and Edin Džeko) to ever score a hat-trick for Bosnia, doing so during a friendly against Croatia.

In the qualifying rounds for the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa in November 2009, Bosnia was eliminated by Portugal; Muslimović's shot hit the goalpost during the match in Lisbon.

His final international was a September 2011 European Championship qualification match away against Belarus.

International
International goals

Honours

 * Rimini
 * Serie C1: 2004–05
 * Supercoppa di Serie C: 2005

PAOK
 * Super League Greece: Runner up 2008–09

 * Guizhou Renhe
 * Chinese FA Cup: 2013
 * Chinese FA Super Cup: 2014

title: Zlatan Muslimović


text:
User talk:Deebee230

Image Tagging Image:Lctrside.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Lctrside.jpg. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is therefore unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the media also doesn't have a copyright tag then you must also add one. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then you can use GFDL to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media qualifies as fair use, please read fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other media, please check that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Longhair 06:07, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Deebee230


text: User talk:196.2.124.250

title: User talk:196.2.124.250


text: User talk:193.194.83.30

title: User talk:193.194.83.30


text:
PAC P-750 XSTOL

The PAC P-750 XSTOL, (formerly known as the PAC 750XL) is a utility aircraft of conventional all-metal low-wing monoplane design, with fixed tricycle undercarriage. Combining the engine and wings of the PAC Cresco with a new larger fuselage and modified tail, all versions to date have been powered by a 750 hp (560 kW) Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6 turboprop. It is designed and manufactured in Hamilton, New Zealand, by Pacific Aerospace Limited.

Development
The design made its maiden flight in 2001. As with the Cresco, horizontal tail surfaces presented difficulties, and these were redesigned before the type entered production. The PAC 750 received full US FAA certification in 2004.

In 2008, the manufacturer stated production was increasing from 12 to 24 per year. In 2008, there was some New Zealand media criticism of government assistance for the manufacturer following cancellation of a large order. By February 2016, 100 aircraft had been produced, over 120 by Jan 2019.

In 2012, Pacific Aerospace achieved certification for the P-750 XSTOL against ICAO Annex 6 for Single Engine IFR Commercial Passenger Transport Operations.

Pacific Aerospace has allowed licence production in China. A civil cargo PAC750XL UAV with minimal changes to enable remote piloting has been flown in China. This UAV is not endorsed by the New Zealand manufacturer and is a separate entity.

In March 2018, Pacific Aerospace launched an updated variant, the Super-Pac XL, with a 900 hp (670 kW) PT6A-140A up from 750 hp and a four-blade 108in (270 cm) Hartzell propeller. It competes with the Supervan 900 re-engined Cessna 208 Caravan with a 900 hp Honeywell TPE331 and 110in four-blade Hartzell propeller. A modified P-750 is ground tested, and will begin flights for a second quarter of 2018 certification and later deliveries.

To increase payload, a weight-reduction programme for 2020 replaces flight-control surfaces in aluminium by composite, installs lighter seating, and strips out cabin components. The passenger and utility aircraft markets account for 70% of its sales.

F-25
Financed by UK start-up Arcus Fire, the F-25 is an aerial firefighting variant, scheduled to secure its supplemental type certificate in 2021. The $2.2 million aircraft competes against other types like the Polish PZL Dromader, targeting a 100 units market within five years. The conversion includes a new hydraulics pack, fire gate and a 300 kg (600 lb) increase in payload.

Design

The type was targeted initially to the narrow market of skydiving. In the parachuting role, the high-lift wings from the Cresco and relatively high power-to-weight ratio enable the PAC 750 to take a load of parachutists to 12,000 feet (3,700 m) and return to land in 10 minutes.

A wider market was subsequently sought, and examples have been sold for use in utility roles, including freight, agricultural applications, passenger operations, aerial photography and surveying. Twelve aircraft have now been extensively modified for geo-survey work, being fitted with a magnetic anomaly detector sting tail. Proposed ski and float conversions have yet to fly. The P-750 XSTOL is used in South Africa by NatureLink on United Nations Humanitarian Air Services / World Food Programme contracts. While the manufacturer claims lower single-engine running costs than many other utility types, for example, the twin-engined DHC-6 Twin Otter, the type has less usable volume (large cargo panniers providing a partial solution). Due to the unique wing design the P-750 is capable of carrying a higher payload than the larger Cessna 208 Caravan.

The aircraft is currently marketed as the P-750 XSTOL. Pacific Aerospace offers the P-750 XSTOL in many configurations - passenger, freight/cargo, skydive, agricultural, aerial survey and surveillance. The aircraft is marketed as excelling on rough, unpaved airstrips and is available with a wide tyre modification for this purpose. A modified version is being developed for counter-insurgency and light attack.

For passenger and cargo operations, the cabin can be outfitted with up to nine passenger seats or with cargo holds. There is also an optional 1,000 lb capacity cargo pod available which attaches to the belly of the aircraft. The aircraft can be configured as all-passenger, all-cargo or a combination of both. All variants have double cargo doors at the rear of the cabin.

Operators
In February 2016, the Papua New Guinea Defence Force (PNGDF) signed an agreement to purchase four aircraft. The PNGDF purchased one P-750 for the Air Transport Wing which was delivered in 2018. In 2023, the Australian government gifted two new P-750s to the PNGDF.

North Korean appearance incident
A P-750 XSTOL in the markings of the North Korean state airline was photographed during the Wonsan Air Festival on September 24–25, 2016. The aircraft had been sold to China in September 2015 and then illegally exported to North Korea. Pacific Aerospace expressed surprise, however New Zealand Customs discovered that even after the company was aware the aircraft was in North Korea some of the company staff had planned to sell replacement parts for the aircraft to a Chinese company. In October 2017 Pacific Aerospace pleaded guilty to three charges of planning to export aircraft parts indirectly to North Korea, and another charge relating to incorrect completion of export documentation.

title: PAC P-750 XSTOL


text:
Ruddy ground dove

The ruddy ground dove (Columbina talpacoti) is a small New World tropical dove. It is a resident breeder from Mexico south to Brazil, Peru and Paraguay, and northern Argentina, and on Trinidad and Tobago. Individual birds can sometimes be seen in the southwestern USA, from southern Texas to southernmost California, primarily during winter.

The ruddy ground dove is very common in scrub and other open country, including cultivated land and urban centers, where it can be seen feeding on grain alongside feral pigeons. It builds a solid but sparsely lined cup-shaped stick nest in a tree and lays two white eggs. Incubation is 12–13 days with another 12–14 days to fledging. There may be a second or third brood. Chick mortality through predation and falls from the nest is high.

Its flight is fast and direct, with the regular beats and occasional sharp flick of the wings which are characteristic of pigeons in general.

Ruddy ground doves are small short-tailed pigeons, 17 cm long with a weight normally about 47 g. Adult males have a pale grey head and neck, and rich rufous upperparts, black-spotted on the wing coverts. The underparts are paler brown, the tail is edged black, and the underwings are cinnamon and black. The female is grey-brown rather than rufous, and has less contrast between head and body than the male.

Ruddy ground doves feed mainly on seeds, but also sometimes on snails and small insects. Their call is a soft cooing cur-WOO.This species can be quite approachable. Males frequently threaten each other by jumping and raising a wing, and brief confrontations may ensue.

Description
It measures 12-18 centimeters in length and weighs about 35-56 grams. The male, with reddish brown feathers, dominant color on the adult's body , in contrast to the head, bluish gray. The female is all brown. In both sexes, on the wing there are a series of black spots on the feathers. The chicks come out with traces of the plumage of each sex.

Subspecies

It has 4 subspecies, only one of which occurs in Brazil:

 * Columbina talpacoti caucae (Chapman, 1915) - occurs in the Colca River valley in western Colombia.
 * Columbina talpacoti eluta (Bangs, 1901) - occurs on the coast of the Pacific Ocean in Mexico from the north of the state of Sinaloa to the south of the state of Chiapas.
 * Columbina talpacoti rufipennis (Bonaparte, 1855) - Central and Eastern Mexico, Central America to Colombia and Northern Venezuela including Margarita Island and the islands of Trinidad and Tobago.
 * Columbina talpacoti talpacoti (Temminck, 1810) - Eastern Ecuador and Eastern and Northern Peru, Eastern Guyana, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, Northern Argentina and Brazil. Occasionally as a visitor in the central region and the Lakes region in Chile.

Breeding
The couple maintains a nest territory, keeping other doves close at hand. The male has a monotonous chant, of two low and fast calls, repeated continuously for several seconds. The nests are small bowls of branches and sticks, made between vines or branches, tightly closed by the branches around them. Laying of 2 eggs, hatched by the couple between 11 and 13 days. The chicks leave the nest at most 2 weeks old. The couple, sometimes two days later, already start a new litter, when the environmental conditions allow. The nests are built in low and tall trees and sometimes in banana clusters or in gutters of the houses and on the roofs.

Habitat
Adapts to artificial environments created by human action. Lives in open areas; the deforestation facilitated its expansion, especially in the areas formed to pasture or grain farming. They entered the big cities in the southeast and midwest regions of Brazil.

Very aggressive with each other, although they can form groups, they compete for food and defend territories using one of the wings to strike hard at the opponent. The males are more bellicose. In disputes or when they sunbathe, lying on their side on the ground and with the wing stretched upwards, they show the large area of black feathers under the wing.

Bird watchers in the south-central part of the United States have been observing a “replacement” of this species by another pigeon, the Zenaida auriculata, also known as dove-of-band, or amargosinha eared dove. The latter species has been conquering the urban environment more and more effectively and is apparently competing with the dove, which is already less frequent than the flock pigeon in most cities in the interior of São Paulo.

In any case, this friendly and even naive species is far from disappearing from the backyards of our houses and from the squares and gardens of our cities, even if they are in large buildings.

title: Ruddy ground dove


text:
Talk:Malaysian Airline System Flight 653

Passengers
Anyone has a list of passengers who perished? If any one has it, is it appropriate to publish it? One of my secondary school classamates sitting in front of me in class was on that flight. His given name has the initial of W.M.; not sure if family name has the initial of L.

I can still remember his often mischievious face. We were age 12 or 13 at that time. And before I read this article I had always thought the plane crashed due to storm. I had no idea it was due to hijacking.

---

[I wrote the paragraph above. Sorry if I have added this comment using a wrong protocol, as I do not know how to properly respond/extend to my earlier comment.]

I just want to express appreciation for the large photos of the memorials in the article. It confirms my classmate's name is in the memorial. I feel this is an appropriate and dignified way to extend the physical memorial into an electronic space (wikipedia) accessible worldwide.

- K Cheah
 * This source lists more information about passengers and crew, including photographs of the crew:
 * 25 year old nephew of Malaysian Prime Minister Tun Hussein bin Dato' Onn
 * Flight Steward Onn Jaafar was 25 years of age. Having joined MAS on 1st April 1974, he was promoted to B737 fleet on 27th August 1974. He holds a Diploma in Business Studies from Institut Teknologi MARA. He was also the nephew of then Prime Minister of the day, Datuk (then Tun) Hussein Onn.
 * Two World Bank officials: ''Source with pictures of both Mr. Naime and Mr. Hoerr.
 * * Works by Oscar Don Hoerr
 * At the end of the source, in the "Appendix"
 * * Works by Oscar Don Hoerr
 * At the end of the source, in the "Appendix"
 * At the end of the source, in the "Appendix"
 * At the end of the source, in the "Appendix"

List of persons onboard MH653

From The Straits Times, 6 December 1977 (dead link http://newspapers.nl.sg/Digitised/Page/straitstimes19771206-1.1.11.aspx )

Members of the crew: Captain G.K. Ganjoor, 1st officer Kamarulzaman Jalil, leading steward Sim Siang Yong, flight stewards Onn bin Jaafar, Karim bin Tahir, flight stewardesses Sharifah Sidah binti Syed Mohamed and Azian binti Borhanuddin.

Penang to Singapore: M. Cole, Quah Chai Lean, Tan Tjing Suei, Tan Poh Ai, Tan Poh Bie and Tan Poh Tin.

Penang to Kuala Lumpur: Tomio Goto, K.K. Wong, M.W. Chu, P.K. Ang, Mr and Mrs S.M. Pestana, Kuek Eng Suah, P.K. Teoh, Ang Thean Seng, Mohd Shah bin Cheman, C.P. Hoi, Abu Bakar Aziz, Pauline Yap, Kavathas.

R. Govindaraju, Loh Hun Swee, Lee Wooi Ming, C.F. Neo, C.W Leong, C.S. Lam, S.W. Ho, Mohd Shah, T.C. Choong, L.K. Khor, Y.H Yam, Nasir Mahmood, Yeoh Wee Hin, Ng Eng Tiam, Loo Ah Huah, Nancy Chin, Luqman Ariff.

Jamaluddin Marif, Hood Fadzil, W.W. Lee, Abdul Fattar Latif, T.R Matthews, Abo Merican, Liew Nyat Yee, Boev Hong See, Choo Kok Chung, Lim Siew Hark, Keow Wa Kim, Go Soon Teik, Ong Peng Chuan, Mr and Mrs T.C. Khoo.

I.S. Puvan, Phrasir Sajayathers, Ow Eng Cheng, Chod Hai Sang, Ho Ngan Sing, Chin Kwee Siong, O.D. Hoerr, Ghadas Mohd Arif, Ismail Yahaya, Koay Kee Hock, Latifah Abdul Majid, Ng Yoot Cheng, A.R. Organ, A.S. Naime, M. Vanaja, Harold Godfrey, C.M. Shah and I.S. Chadha.

Khalid Mohd Ali, Ahmad Mahfudz Khalid, T.M. Stringer, Mr and Mrs Mario Garcia Inchanstegui, Ooi Chooi Cheng, A. Abbas, R. Malcolm.

Tye Leng Tay, Mary Tye Thean Tee, Tye Keh Teh, K.R. Wollner, Heide Wollner, Sherrington, K. Devi, T. Parr, Huang Yi Chin, Hong Thik Kooi, Mr & Mrs L.H. Chuah.

 * Lent (talk) 06:50, 1 July 2023 (UTC)

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as start, and the rating on other projects was brought up to start class. BetacommandBot 03:58, 9 November 2007 (UTC)

Religions have borders?
From the article:
 * Remains were buried in a common grave at the border of the various common religions in Malaysia

What does that mean? Religions have borders? - Eric (talk) 19:58, 30 May 2008 (UTC)

Number of Fatalities does not match
There is a difference in the number of fatalities between the first paragrapg and the summary on the right side of the article. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Joe St.Mars (talk • contribs) 17:13, 25 March 2014 (UTC)


text:
Pachpadra

Pachpadra is a small town, just 11 km from Balotra city in Balotra district in Indian state of Rajasthan. It is a tehsil headquarter. The nearest railway station of Pachpadra is Balotra railway station.

One of the famous attractions in the city is the Pachpadra Lake, which is known for salt collection around it. There is one Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya also, which will be only one in a district.

Demographics
Population of Pachpadra according to the Indian census 2011 is 9191, male population is 4736 and female population is 4455.

title: Pachpadra


text:
A Book from the Sky

A Book from the Sky is a book produced by Chinese artist Xu Bing in the style of fine editions from the Song and Ming dynasties, but filled entirely with meaningless glyphs designed to resemble traditional Chinese characters. The book, which consists of four volumes totaling 604 pages, was printed in a single print run of 126 copies between 1987 and 1991, and was first publicly exhibited in October 1988, in Beijing's China Art Gallery.

The work was originally titled Mirror to Analyze the World: The Century’s Final Volume, a title which "evokes the trope of the book as jian or mirror in the venerable tradition of imperial historiography". However, the artist eventually felt that this title was "cumbersome" and "heavily influenced by Western forms and the current cultural climate", and decided to adopt the name that was already in popular use, Tianshu. In Chinese, the term tian shu (“divine writing”) originally referred to certain kinds of religious texts, but is now used to mean "gibberish"; it has thus been suggested that nonsense writing would be a more appropriate translation of the title.

Production
The book is composed using a set of 4,000 characters, as this is roughly the number of characters in common usage in modern written Chinese. These characters were designed on the basis of the Kangxi radicals, so that "in terms of density of strokes and frequency of occurrence, they... appear, on the page, to be real characters". In addition to these, page and fascicle numbers were indicated using tally marks based on the Chinese character.

The characters were carved into individual pieces of movable type made from pear wood, in a style slightly squatter than that of Song typefaces. Initially, Xu himself typeset sample pages, and took them for printing to a factory in the village of Hanying, in Caiyu township. (This was one of the last remaining traditional printing factories in China, which after the Cultural Revolution mainly produced state-sponsored reprints of classical texts using pre-Revolution woodblocks. ) Later, workers at the factory typeset the pages by referring to a "model book" prepared by Xu, which contained symbols such as ↓★○☒❖ that had been placed in a one-to-one correspondence with his 4,000 pseudo-Chinese characters.

Reactions
Critical reactions to A Book from the Sky were initially dismissive. In 1990, an article in a Beijing newspaper, said to have been authored by an agent of the Ministry of Culture, described it as "ghosts building walls", i.e., obfuscation for the sake of obfuscation. Meanwhile, "New Wave" artists found it too "traditional and academic". Nevertheless, the 1988 exhibition of the book at the China Art Gallery attracted a broad audience that included not only artists, but also professors and editors, some of whom visited the exhibition repeatedly in an attempt to find even a single real Chinese character. Later critics viewed the work more positively.

A Book from the Sky is considered to be a representative of the "1985 Fine Arts New Wave", and has been interpreted as "a primary symbol of the broad liberalization movement that characterized the years prior to the Tiananmen massacre". It has also invited comparisons with James Joyce's Finnegans Wake, as "a radical challenge to how we think about language, writing, literacy, and human-machine relationship". However, according to Xu, his main purpose was to "expose the fact that Chinese literary culture is taoyan", a term professor John Cayley translates as 'boring' or 'tedious' in ironic comparison to the process of making the book itself. In later works such as Square Word Calligraphy and Book from the Ground, Xu takes this idea further by subverting the logographic nature of the Chinese script in ways that make it broadly accessible.

title: A Book from the Sky


text:
Category:Rivers of Adelaide

This category list articles on rivers in Adelaide, capital of South Australia.

title: Category:Rivers of Adelaide


text: User talk:Hmole

title: User talk:Hmole


text:
Black River (Arkansas–Missouri)

The Black River is a tributary of the White River, about 300 mi long, in southeastern Missouri and northeastern Arkansas in the United States. Via the White River, it is part of the Mississippi River watershed. Black River Technical College is named for the river.

The river was so named on account of the black tint of its water.

Headwaters and course
The Black River rises in Missouri as three streams:
 * The East Fork Black River rises in Iron County and flows generally southwardly, through Johnson's Shut-Ins State Park where the Taum Sauk pumped storage plant Upper Reservoir dam breach caused severe damage to the park. A dam on the East Fork forms  the Taum Sauk Lower Reservoir which holds water that is pumped to the Upper Reservoir.
 * The Middle Fork Black River is formed by a confluence of creeks in the Mark Twain National Forest in northern Reynolds County and flows generally southeastwardly.
 * The West Fork Black River is formed by a confluence of creeks in the Mark Twain National Forest in western Reynolds County and flows generally eastwardly, past the town of Centerville.

The headwaters forks converge near Lesterville, and the Black River flows generally southwardly through Reynolds, Wayne and Butler Counties in Missouri; and Clay, Randolph and Lawrence Counties in Arkansas. In its lowermost course the river is used to define the boundary between Independence and Jackson Counties. It flows past the towns of Mill Spring, Williamsville and Poplar Bluff in Missouri; and Pocahontas, Black Rock, and Powhatan in Arkansas. It joins the White River at Jacksonport, Arkansas.

Dams
A U.S. Army Corps of Engineers dam in Wayne County, Missouri, causes the river to form Clearwater Lake.

Tributaries
In Arkansas, the Black River is joined by the Little Black River, the Current River, the Spring River and the Strawberry River. Mayberry Branch is a tributary in Missouri.

title: Black River (Arkansas–Missouri)


text:
Workamping

In the United States, workamping (a portmanteau word) is a combination of work and camping. A workamper combines part-time or full-time paid or volunteer work with RV or tent camping. Workampers generally receive compensation in the form of a free campsite, usually with free utilities and additional wages. Workamping positions can include working at campgrounds, RV resorts, mobile home communities, Christmas tree or pumpkin sales lots, amusement parks, motels/hotels, national parks, state parks, U.S. Army Corps of Engineer locations, national monuments, lighthouses, retail stores, food service, sales and more. Workamping is particularly popular among retirees. While year round workamping jobs do exist, many workamping positions are seasonal.

title: Workamping


text: User talk:70.24.133.124

title: User talk:70.24.133.124


text: User talk:71.36.8.89

title: User talk:71.36.8.89


text:
Talk:Barren Island (Andaman Islands)

Inaccurate
This is inaccurate. The Times of India has mentioned that there are three volcanoes in this chain. =Nichalp  «Talk»=  07:00, August 29, 2005 (UTC)

 * True, it lies in a chain of volcanos. This is however anactive volcano. That is the difference. Idleguy 07:19, August 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * But it mentioned all three were active. =Nichalp   «Talk»=  08:14, August 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * Ok confirmed, you're right. . Would you be willing to create these additional pages? =Nichalp   «Talk»=  08:22, August 29, 2005 (UTC)

 * Sure, I'll start the one for Baratang if it doesn't already exist with alternate spellings and after i get some more info. The Narcondum article already exists. Tx. Idleguy 08:37, August 29, 2005 (UTC)

Coordinates of Barren Island
The webpage on Barren Island (http://www.geos.iitb.ac.in/dchandra/biexp/) says the correct coordinates of Barren Island are 12.29 N, 93.87 E, but we have a different one here. Also, the imagery from Terraserver (http://www.terraserver.com/imagery/image_gx.asp?cpx=93.85&cpy=12.266667&res=30&provider_id=340&t=&OL=) likely shows that the current Wikipedia coordinates may be wrong. This needs to be verified and corrected.Mahadevan Subramanian 19:29, 26 June 2006 (UTC)

WP:INDIA Banner/Andaman and Nicobar Islands workgroup Addition
Note: WikiProject India Project Banner with Andaman and Nicobar Islands workgroup parameters was added to this article talk page because the article falls under Category:Andaman and Nicobar Islands or its subcategories. Should you feel this addition is inappropriate, please undo my changes and update/remove the relavent categories to the article --  TinuCherian  (Wanna Talk?) - 05:37, 24 June 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
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A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 10:23, 17 August 2021 (UTC)
 * Barren island.jpg

title: Talk:Barren Island (Andaman Islands)


text:
Talk:Radiotelephony procedure

Seperate pages for single expressions
Five by five, Mayday, roger, wilco, and co. all need to come over here. Any air cadet or civil air patrolman or similar knows they don't merit separate articles. Yes, no, cancel? I'm going to add to the others anyway until I get thoughts on the merger. --Fighter 07:01, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

Mayday deserves its own page -- as does SOS -- because they're both words known to the general public and found in many dictionaries. The other words are more specialized, known primarily to the CAP/military/police communities; I agree that those could be merged (with a link or redirect to to merged entry). 204.194.80.20

Receiver called three times
By Angelo:

This from the article 'Albacore: Bronwyn, Bronwyn, Bronwyn* this is Albacore, over. (*3×1, repeating the receiver's callsign 3 times, and the sender's once, is very amateur sounding:[citation needed]' is wrong.

The receiver is always mentioned three times, regardless if you address another ship, a radio station or call MAYDAY.

I don't get why people who obviously have no radio certification dare to edit the main page ...

188.99.225.131 (talk) 00:56, 10 February 2015 (UTC)

Roger vs. Wilco, Over vs. Out
I don't agree with your statements that "roger wilco" and "over and out" amount to saying the same thing twice. Regardless of how people may define them now, their original meanings were quite clear:

Roger = understood Wilco = will comply

Over = I have finished speaking (with the implication that the conversation is continuing) Out = I am ending the conversation

Neither of these pairs is in any way mutually exclusive.

Rejoinder: When I served as an artillery RTO (radio telephone operator) in the Army National Guard, "over" meant that the frequency was open for the other station to reply, and "out" meant that your station was signing off. Thus, "over and out" is a contradiction in terms, because it would mean: "go ahead and reply, but I am not listening." NelsonLB 07:51, 27 January 2007 (UTC)

 * You may wish to edit Roger_Wilco in that case. Astrolox 20:33, 3 May 2006 (UTC)

Edit by Angelo:

Why do explain what Over means and what Out means and then you conclude: they are not exclusive? Ofc they are exclusive! Either you want the conversation to continue: OVER, or you want to "hang up", OUT. People editing pages like this should at least have a radio license like SRC or an equivalent one for small air planes ...

188.99.225.131 (talk) 00:48, 10 February 2015 (UTC)

Radio Code words: Topic overlap
This came off the "radio code words" page Radio Communication Procedure Words

Source: from Federal Standard 1037C and MIL-STD-188 and Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms and the UNHCR Procedure for Radio Communication

 * SOS is a general distress call used by ships and aircraft worldwide. It was created in the early days of radio telegraphy, because of its simple Morse code structure ( ... --- ... ) and subsequently the backronym Save Our Souls was coined.

Edited by Angelo:

That is wrong. The correct word for "distress" is MAYDAY. SOS is only still in use if the only thing you have is Morse.

188.99.225.131 (talk) 00:50, 10 February 2015 (UTC)

 * Mayday is a general distress call, similar to SOS, though it's generally used in voice communication. Some say it's from the French m'aidez, meaning simply 'help me'. However, many official sources say it's made up as it is easy to remember, understand, and cannot be mixed up with other words. Do not use the keyword MAYDAY unless you are aboard a vessel or aircraft which is in immediate danger of sinking or crashing.

 * Roger, a term used to acknowledge a radio transmission. Can also be used in direct conversation, such as between pilot and co-pilot.

 * WILCO, means "I have received and understood your message and will comply (Only used by the addressee)"

 * Say Again, a term that requests the sender repeat all of the last transmission. ('Repeat' should not be used for this purpose, as it is used to request a second, identical artillery barrage.)

 * Words Twice, requests the sender to double the pronunciation of each word. eg. I I have have your your dog dog. Usually used when the signal is poor.

 * SitRep, Lit. 'Situation Report'. Eg. 'What's your sitrep?' or 'Sitrep to follow'. Sitrep will include information on position, movement status, direction of move, casualty status, etc.

 * Over, a term used to indicate one has finished talking, and implies a response is expected. Early radio systems used just one channel for talking and receiving. Neither party could transmit and receive at the same time, so control of the conversation has to be handed over. This allows a rudimentary but effective form of manual Handshaking.

 * Out, a term used to end a transmission (never properly used with OVER).

 * Ten-Four or "10-4", another term used to acknowledge transmissions. It is one of the Ten-codes made popular during the CB craze of the 1970s.

I think it belongs here instead, and the other page actually deserves to go, but I'm n00b and don't know how to do it.

Tower and aircraft names in example
I'm confused by the choice of tower and aircraft names ("Binary" and "Hexadecimal") in the example. Are these names chosen to imply additional meaning, that is "Hexadecimal 35F" should be translated by the reader into decimal 863? If they're just meant to be names, then please use something more generic.

15.243.169.71 17:54, 5 June 2007 (UTC) Over to you ROGER IS SICK! or Roger out 86.140.79.44 18:29, 5 September 2007 (UTC)

Edited by Angelo:

35F is not a "hexadecimal" number. It is simply a call sign. However you are right, it makes not much sense. In maritim radio a call sign always is either 4 'digits' or 6 'digits' long and always starts with a letter! The letter is indicating the nationality. E.g. German call signs for ships always start with 'D'

No idea how that is regulated in air traffic, but I would bet for most nations the call sign also will start with either a letter indicating the nation, or possible the airline.

188.99.225.131 (talk) 01:14, 10 February 2015 (UTC)

Out versus Clear
At least in my ARES group training, there was a distinction between out and clear - out meant that the conversation was over, clear meant not only the conversation was over but that you would no longer be monitoring the frequency. Was that just our groups weirdness, or general practice? Psu256 (talk) 15:27, 8 June 2008 (UTC)

British Military Example
Removed words message and send as this is old voice procedure and no longer used. Going to amend more later. Will include ore realistic call signs, drop call signs after first message and response. Also an all stations call should always end in out not over. Think this should prob be changed to CC1 call. Stupidstudent (talk) 03:58, 28 October 2009 (UTC)

Also on a radio check zero should never say difficult. It's his call if the station is ok to work with or needs to sort his radio out. Sorry if it seems like I a being anal but I am a trained signaller in the British army. If nobody objects I might redo this whole section some time soon Stupidstudent (talk) 04:07, 28 October 2009 (UTC)

Woops i cant even spell british maybe I'll leave the editing till I've had more sleep. Stupidstudent (talk) 04:11, 28 October 2009 (UTC)

Other: Good idea - CC1 is a better idea to use for example callsign. Please redo.

Can I add something here? I believe the old type voice procedures should be covered as well and examples cited, as an aide to researchers. For instance, I thought I recalled seeing a statement in this article that claimed the term "Roger" wasn't actually used by the military, especially the USAF. It was (we used it as part of our radio procedure when talking to ATC or an Airborne controller). If we were in flight of two to four aircraft, a lot of the confusing (to civilians and non-flyers) was actually not used, and we used plain English, first names or callsigns.

Out vs. Out of service/Unavailable and Phonetics
Around here (in Ohio) on the public safety bands, "out" is hardly ever used to mean "I'm done transmitting." "Clear" is mostly used, and there are variations. The station terminating the call may say, "I'm clear," as in, "I'm done transmitting and I have no more traffic." He may also say, "That's clear," or "You're clear," with the implication that "I understand your message, and I have no further traffic."

The bigger issue here is with the use of "out." A routine traffic stop may being as follows:

Officer: "Nine-Sam-Twenty-Three, traffic stop." Dispatcher: "Nine-Sam-Twenty-Three, go ahead with your plate." Officer: "Nine-Sam-Twenty-Three, I'm out with Ohio passenger/commercial/personalized/etc. Adam Boy Charles David Edward Frank ..." Dispatcher: "Nine-Sam-Twenty-Three, that's clear, standby."

Note the usage of "out" here doesn't mean "done transmitting," it is short for "out of service," or "out on a stop." I hear this used primarily for traffic stops, but also pedestrian stops (i.e., "I'm out with one at the corner of 12th and Vine." In this context, "out" is used to notify the dispatchers that this officer is already responding to a call or is otherwise preoccupied.

70.62.254.122 (talk) 22:49, 8 December 2009 (UTC)

Vote against merging
I disagree that this page should be merged. The topic of procedure words is sufficiently unique and poorly understood that merely placing it as a subsection of another page will diminish its visibility and make it harder to find and understand.

I can understand, however, based on the current content of this page, how someone might come to the opposite conclusion. This page currently lacks many procedure words and some additional detail on their use. Once that is incorporated, I think it will become clear that the procedure words page is sufficiently unique to stand on its own and be referenced by the voice procedures page.

Also, I find the voice procedures page to be lacking much detail as well. It should discuss radio nets and net procedures, message handling, and a few other topics, each of which should then be covered in more detail on dedicated pages.

For PSU256: I agree with your interpretation of the meaning of clear vs. out, but have never been able to find any documentation that lists a definition for both terms, and many other amateur radio operators disagree, saying their meaning is the reverse. However, the meaning of out is clearly defined in ACP 125(F) and many other documents as meaning "end of my transmission to you; no replay necessary", with no mention of going off the air. I have heard some stations use the proword "closing" to indicate they are going off the air, and this does mesh with the proword command "close down" found in ACP 125(F) and other documents, so I would suggest "closing" as a more appropriate replacement for "clear". --Peter K. Sheerin, K6WEB (talk) 22:59, 24 December 2009 (UTC)

Split by user
Should this article be split into sections for different types of phraseology, e.g. military, CB, fire/rescue, aviation, and maybe also a "common" section? — SheeEttin {T/C} 20:51, 13 May 2010 (UTC)

Absolutely, yes. FWIW, I am a commercial pilot and flight instructor (Comm. SEL/MEL, CFI/CFII for the technically minded). Aviation phraseology is -entirely- standardized via the P/CG (pilot/controller glossary) in the AIM (FAA-published Aeronautical Information Manual) and, to the best of my knowledge, replicates ICAO standards with >99% fidelity. Rather than having only a singular page which profiles "voice procedures" and, correctly, handles the cases in which a) one phrase can mean >1 thing and; b) 1 meaning can be expressed in >1 phrase, it seems appropriate to dedicate one page to the considerably more austere and parsimonious phraseology from the P/CG, wherein polysemy is studiously avoided.

Were I to know the desired breadth and depth of such an article, I would write it myself - the reference(s) are crystal clear; however, I would appreciate some guidance w/r/t to the appropriate scope of said article prior to regurgitating verbatim the entire P/CG.

Hypnotic Clambake (talk) 13:45, 15 June 2010 (UTC)Hypnotic Clambake

 * We could start creating a new aviation-specific article straight away, but I think it might be best to start sorting this one out first. I suggest creating sections like SheeEttin suggested above. Starting with the "Common" one, then relegating anything specific/non-standard down into other sections. We do need sourcing for this. I have references for marine VHF and amateur radio, but not much on other specific usages. If a section becomes too big, we can then split it out based on WP:SPINOUT. That's the best way to go rather than fragmenting the big picture before we start. We should avoid what some of this seems to be - i.e. somebody's memories of the kind of things he used to hear somewhere (WP:OR) - and stick to citable sources and official recommendations. I think we need to standardise our use of typography too - bold, capitals, monospace in a box, example callsigns etc. so that it has some consistent meaning. --Nigelj (talk) 17:54, 16 June 2010 (UTC)
 * The other place where some of the mess is, is Procedure word. Note also the suggestion to merge the two. Another thought: in that article, a lot of space is given to Mayday and other urgency calls, each of which have their own articles. --Nigelj (talk) 18:19, 16 June 2010 (UTC)

Altitude Example
Quote article: (example: given a climb to 10,000 ft, the pilot replies "[Callsign] climbing to One zero, Ten Thousand")

Im my opinion it should rather be: "[Callsign] climbing altitude One Zero Tousend". The term "to" should be avoided when used together with numbers, as it can be (and has fatally been) confused with "two". For aviation the standard phrase "climb altitude nnn" has been introduced, but I cannot find the original reference. Also in my opinion 10000 ft should be read as "One Zero Tousend". Finally, altitudes above 5000 ft are traditionally measured against the standard atmosphere of 1023 hpa at sea level. This is accompanied by referring to them as flight levels. 10000 ft would therefore be "Flight Level One Zero Zero" or "Flight Level One Hundred". Msc280 (talk) 13:04, 21 March 2011 (UTC)

Over and out
This is very commonly misconceived as correct voice procedure (as mentioned in a much older discussion above). But shouldn't this common misconception at least be acknowledged as such in the article? Halsteadk (talk) 20:03, 18 June 2011 (UTC)

 * Yes. Indeed, that's why I came here -- to learn more about whether and to what extent the use of "Over and out" is incorrect.  Seems to me that in a specialized topic such as "Voice Procedure", this very common usage (or misusage, as the case may be) ought to be mentioned.  Why isn't it?  Captain Quirk (talk) 05:15, 19 December 2016 (UTC)

Aviation examples
Would it be worth linking to articles about aircraft crashes caused principally by poor radio procedure? I'm thinking of Flying Tiger Flight 66, where the non-standard phrase "descend 2 4 0 0" was understood to be "descend to 4 0 0", and the Tenerife Disaster where the now non-standard "Taxy to position for take off" was understood as "Taxy to position and take off". 194.176.105.132 (talk) 20:29, 11 February 2012 (UTC)

Use of "Copy"
In the United States Army, the phrase copy is used to confirm to the other party with proof that you understood what was transmitted to you. It is used as follows:

"You, this is me, 'here is the message', how copy, over"

"You, this is me, I copy 'here is the message', over/out" — Preceding unsigned comment added by 170.163.80.2 (talk) 16:28, 9 December 2012 (UTC)
 * As with most of the comments and suggestions above, what we really need for this article is citable sources per WP:V. Online current training manuals, other text where on-air traffic is reliably reported etc. Those would be good. --Nigelj (talk) 16:51, 9 December 2012 (UTC)

Vote against merging--major restructuring needed
I vote against merging.

This article is a mish-mash of procedure words from various services, along with some example on-air language, but does not contain a solid description of voice procedure that matches that taught in any radio service.

Instead, the content should have the elements of voice procedure common to all radio services added, such as Calling, Break-in procedure, passing messages, emergency communications, etc., and then the merge re-evaluated.

I believe at that point, it will be determined that it will be appropriate to maintain the aeronautical phraseology as a separate article, and perhaps add new articles for the other radio services. — Preceding unsigned comment added by PetesGuide (talk • contribs) 19:41, 27 April 2015 (UTC)

Standby vs. Stand By
Is "standby" a single word (as in the noun, "on standby") or should it be two words (as in the verb, "to stand by")? — Loadmaster (talk) 22:07, 23 December 2015 (UTC)

CALLSIGN-ACTUAL source?
I'm about to remove all the unsourced content under Procedure words and replace it with the list from ACP125, and in looking at the current list, one in particular stands out as being one I have heard in movies, but I haven't found a source for. Can someone find a source to cite so this can be added back in? CALLSIGN-ACTUAL/CALLSIGN-NINER — Sometimes an individual (generally a superior) may have a person monitor the network for them. Saying "actual" after their callsign asserts you wish to speak to the specific person the callsign is attached to. ex: calling the callsign "Headquarters" would often get junior clerk or similar. Calling (or identifying yourself as) "Headquarters-Actual" would indicate that the commander of the headquarters detachment, and thus the entire unit to which it is attached, is requested to be spoken to, or is actually speaking. (In Canadian use, this is Callsign-Niner, with "9" designating a unit commander. An individual monitoring the net but is not the actual commander may use the call-sign "Niner-Zulu". As well, the codeword "Sunray" is also used to designate a unit commander.) PetesGuide (talk) (K6WEB) 02:18, 20 February 2018 (UTC)

Spelling
Actual actually bicycle breathe century decide describe disappear exercise favourite length library peculiar position possess possession probably recent reign sentence separate strength surprise therefor various 2A00:23C4:4C09:AE01:9424:96D:12CF:1A6C (talk) 18:18, 29 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Radiotelephony procedure


text:
Talk:Charlemagne Prize

Untitled
The text "European idea" links to Europe, which isn't very helpful. What's this European idea that the Charlemagne award promotes?
 * Wiping out the traditional separate European nation states and cultures in favour of Pan-EuropeanismFoofbun (talk) 21:27, 13 April 2016 (UTC)

What on earth is this?
Shall we have a Napoleon, or an Adolf Hitler prize? Charlemagne was a brutal conqueror. TharkunColl 23:27, 22 June 2007 (UTC)
 * WP:FORUM. - SSJ t 10:57, 1 August 2010 (UTC)

Zelenskyy?
When was this announced? I'm not seeing anything (including the prize's website) saying he got it. --Joshmaul (talk) 13:46, 30 September 2022 (UTC)

 * I find no reference to it either. According to the prize's website, the Belorusian opposition activists got the 2022 prize, while no prize was awarded in 2021. This should be corrected. TKSnaevarr (talk) 14:29, 7 October 2022 (UTC)
 * It appears President Zelenskyy and to the People of Ukraine was awarded the 2023 Prize: https://www.karlspreis.de/en/news/charlemagne-prize-2023 but he is yet to be listed as a laureate: https://www.karlspreis.de/en/laureates .  I am not sure if the "Currently Held By" value should be updated to be Zelenskyy and the Ukranian people or if we should wait until he is listed as a laureate.  Also, I'm not sure if Demographics of Ukraine or Ukranians could constitute "the People of Ukraine" or something else? Ieeemember (talk) 21:31, 14 May 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Charlemagne Prize


text:
Ferdinand Piloty

Ferdinand von Piloty II (b. 28 August 1786, Homburg – d. 8 January 1844, Munich) was a German lithographer. He was the father of artist Karl von Piloty.

Early life and works
He initially studied painting, but his interests soon switched to lithography. From 1808 to 1815, with Johann Nepomuk Strixner (1782–1855), he produced a series of 423 lithographs, titled Les oeuvres lithographiques par Strixner, Piloty et Comp..

From 1836, with Joseph Löhle (1807–1840), he produced a series of copies from the Alte Pinakothek and the Schleissheim Gallery. Following the death of Gottlieb Bodmer in 1837, Piloty and Löhle continued publication of his works.

title: Ferdinand Piloty


text:
School District 43

A School District with the numbered designation of 43. Among them are:

 * School District 43 Coquitlam, British Columbia
 * Apache Junction Unified School District No. 43, Arizona

title: School District 43


text:
Category:Streets in Adelaide

This category lists articles on the streets in Adelaide, capital of South Australia.

Related categories are:
 * Category:Freeways and highways in Adelaide
 * Category:Roads in Adelaide
 * Category:Squares in Adelaide

See also:
 * Category:Highways in South Australia
 * Category:Transport in Adelaide

title: Category:Streets in Adelaide


text:
Talk:Mahinda Rajapaksa

missing word in introduction
seems like a word was dropped in previous edits. judging from the edit request on 4 june 2022, this was due to a recent edit.

>during the last years of the Sri Lankan civil as well as other criminal accusations

the word "war" is missing from "Sri Lankan civil war"

don't need edit access, just fix this please :) 73.116.209.212 (talk) 12:13, 9 July 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Mahinda Rajapaksa


text:
Stephen Clarkson

Stephen Clarkson, (21 October 1937 – 28 February 2016) was one of Canada’s preeminent political scientists and a professor of political economy at the University of Toronto.

Life and career
Clarkson's work focused mainly on two areas: the evolution of North America as a continental state, reinstitutionalized by the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and two decades of neoconservatism; and the impact of globalization and trade liberalization on the Canadian state. His trilogy on these themes include Uncle Sam and Us: Globalization, Neoconservatism and the Canadian State, published in 2002; Does North America Exist? (2008) and ''Dependent America? How Canada and Mexico Construct US Power (2011); as well as: Global Governance and the Semi-peripheral State: The WTO and NAFTA as Canada's External Constitution in Governing under Stress: Middle Powers and the Challenge of Globalization". His latest projects looked at Interregionalism in the triangle Europe, North America and South America and at the Investor-State Dispute Arbitration.

Clarkson had taught and written on Canadian foreign policy and federal party politics. Following an unsuccessful campaign as Liberal candidate for the mayoralty of Toronto in 1969, Clarkson was active in the Liberal Party for six years. After Pierre Trudeau’s retirement from politics in 1984, Clarkson spent a decade co-authoring the book, Trudeau and Our Times, with his wife Christina McCall, which won the Governor General's Award for non-fiction.

Clarkson's knowledge and experience in Canadian politics led to the commissioning of a history of federal election campaigns in Canada from 1974 onward. These essays were the basis of his 2005 book, The Big Red Machine: How the Liberal Party Dominates Canadian Politics. Clarkson was renowned for his teaching, receiving many teaching awards in his tenure at the University of Toronto. He was a great encourager of “the engaged” life, taking his students on extra-curricular field studies to Washington, D.C., Mexico, Brazil, Madrid and Lisbon, and urging them to resist the world around them if they felt so inclined. Clarkson was a frequent commentator of Canadian politics, in both English and French. A lover of languages, he was also proficient in Spanish, German, Russian and Italian. Clarkson earned a B.A. from the University of Toronto, an M.A. from New College, Oxford, and a D. de Rech. from the University of Paris. He was a Senior Fellow at Massey College, a Senior Fellow at the Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI) in Waterloo, Ontario and, in 2004, was elected as a fellow of the Royal Society of Canada. In 2010, he was appointed a Member of the Order of Canada. In 2013 Clarkson was adjudged the Konrad Adenauer Research Award of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, in connection with his academic work at the Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin.

The "Stephen Clarkson Scholarship in Political Economy" was established in his honor at the University of Toronto.

Clarkson's first wife was then broadcaster and future Governor General of Canada Adrienne Clarkson. His second wife was the late political writer Christina McCall. Clarkson died in Germany of pneumonia which had developed into sepsis, while on a research trip with his students. He is survived by wife Nora Born, whom he married in 2014.

title: Stephen Clarkson