text:
Échallens

Échallens is a municipality in the district of Gros-de-Vaud in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

History
The territory of the municipality was already settled very early. There are remains of a Bronze Age foundry.

The first documentation dates from 1141 under the name of Charlens. Later forms of the name include Challeins, Escharlens (1177), Eschallens (1228), and Eschalleins (1279). The present form of the name first appears in 1315. The name comes from the personal name Charles.

The site belonged originally to the Bishop of Lausanne. At the end of the 12th century, the Burgundian Lords of Montfaucon established the territory of Échallens and built a castle there in the 13th century. In 1317, the rights of the house of Savoy were recognized. In 1350, Échallens was encircled by a wall and received city rights in 1351. From then until the 16th century, a weekly market was held.

In 1410, the government of Échallens passed to the house of Chalon, which originated in Burgundy. For this reason, the Eidgenossen took over after the Burgundian Wars and put it under the administration of Fribourg and Bern in 1476.

Because of the common administration of Catholic Fribourg and Protestant Bern, the Reformation did not gain ground in Echallen, and it remained Catholic.

Échallens belonged from 1798 to 1803 to the canton of Léman in the Helvetic Republic, and was brought into the canton of Vaud by the mediation of Napoleon. It has been the capital of the district since 1798.

Geography
Échallens has an area,, of 6.66 km2. Of this area, 4.25 km2 or 63.8% is used for agricultural purposes, while 0.87 km2 or 13.1% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 1.48 km2 or 22.2% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.05 km2 or 0.8% is either rivers or lakes and 0.02 km2 or 0.3% is unproductive land.

Of the built up area, industrial buildings made up 2.0% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 12.2% and transportation infrastructure made up 6.2%. while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 1.1%. Out of the forested land, all of the forested land area is covered with heavy forests. Of the agricultural land, 50.6% is used for growing crops and 10.4% is pastures, while 2.9% is used for orchards or vine crops. All the water in the municipality is flowing water.

The municipality was the capital of the Échallens District until it was dissolved on 31 August 2006, and Échallens became part of the new district of Gros-de-Vaud.

Échallens lies at an elevation of 617 m 14 km north of Lausanne. The municipality stretches across the Gros de Vaud plateau, on both sides of the river Talent, on the northwest edge of the Jorat, in central Vaud.

It includes a section of the rolling Gros de Vaud, the breadbasket of the canton of Vaud. The Talent runs from east to west across the municipality, from the highlands of the Jorat. In the southwest, it runs down to the Mortigue (a tributary of the Talent). The highest point in the municipality is at an elevation of 672 m in the municipality woods.

Échallens lies in the middle of its district. The surrounding municipalities are Villars-le-Terroir, Poliez-le-Grand, Bottens, Malapalud, Assens, Saint-Barthélemy, and Goumoens-la-Ville, all in the same district.

Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Or, an Oak-tree eradicated Sable leaved and fructed proper.

Demographics
Échallens has a population of. , 18.2% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (1999–2009 ) the population has changed at a rate of 25.7%. It has changed at a rate of 20.7% due to migration and at a rate of 4.9% due to births and deaths.

Most of the population speaks French (3,815 or 89.1%), with German being second most common (122 or 2.8%) and Portuguese being third (90 or 2.1%). There are 78 people who speak Italian and 4 people who speak Romansh.

Of the population in the municipality 894 or about 20.9% were born in Échallens and lived there in 2000. There were 1,880 or 43.9% who were born in the same canton, while 615 or 14.4% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 800 or 18.7% were born outside of Switzerland.

In there were 28 live births to Swiss citizens and 6 births to non-Swiss citizens, and in same time span there were 33 deaths of Swiss citizens and 3 non-Swiss citizen deaths. Ignoring immigration and emigration, the population of Swiss citizens decreased by 5 while the foreign population increased by 3. There were 2 Swiss men and 3 Swiss women who emigrated from Switzerland. At the same time, there were 18 non-Swiss men and 12 non-Swiss women who immigrated from another country to Switzerland. The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was a decrease of 30 and the non-Swiss population increased by 40 people. This represents a population growth rate of 0.2%.

The age distribution,, in Échallens is; 651 children or 12.6% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 761 teenagers or 14.8% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 651 people or 12.6% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 708 people or 13.8% are between 30 and 39, 930 people or 18.1% are between 40 and 49, and 605 people or 11.8% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 464 people or 9.0% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 242 people or 4.7% are between 70 and 79, there are 113 people or 2.2% who are between 80 and 89, and there are 22 people or 0.4% who are 90 and older.

, there were 1,848 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 2,036 married individuals, 204 widows or widowers and 193 individuals who are divorced.

, there were 1,634 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.6 persons per household. There were 448 households that consist of only one person and 122 households with five or more people. Out of a total of 1,658 households that answered this question, 27.0% were households made up of just one person and there were 5 adults who lived with their parents. Of the rest of the households, there are 391 married couples without children, 672 married couples with children There were 102 single parents with a child or children. There were 16 households that were made up of unrelated people and 24 households that were made up of some sort of institution or another collective housing.

there were 486 single family homes (or 61.4% of the total) out of a total of 791 inhabited buildings. There were 135 multi-family buildings (17.1%), along with 120 multi-purpose buildings that were mostly used for housing (15.2%) and 50 other use buildings (commercial or industrial) that also had some housing (6.3%). Of the single family homes 19 were built before 1919, while 137 were built between 1990 and 2000. The greatest number of single family homes (176) were built between 1981 and 1990. The most multi-family homes (27) were built before 1919 and the next most (25) were built between 1981 and 1990. There were 2 multi-family houses built between 1996 and 2000.

there were 1,747 apartments in the municipality. The most common apartment size was 4 rooms of which there were 493. There were 75 single room apartments and 427 apartments with five or more rooms. Of these apartments, a total of 1,582 apartments (90.6% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 141 apartments (8.1%) were seasonally occupied and 24 apartments (1.4%) were empty. , the construction rate of new housing units was 2.5 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality,, was 0.14%.

The historical population is given in the following chart:

Politics
In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SVP which received 20.45% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SP (19.87%), the Green Party (14.75%) and the FDP (14.41%). In the federal election, a total of 1,343 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 44.4%.

Economy
Échallens is a regionally important commercial center of the Gros de Vaud. Until the end of the 19th century, it was primarily agricultural. Today, agriculture is quite marginal.

The municipality became slowly industrialized, with machining, metalworking, and textiles being the major industries.

Most jobs (almost 70 percent) are in the service sector. Many people now commute to Lausanne.

, Échallens had an unemployment rate of 4.3%. , there were 50 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 17 businesses involved in this sector. 291 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 39 businesses in this sector. 1,593 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 213 businesses in this sector. There were 2,206 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 42.8% of the workforce.

the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 1,566. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 38, of which 31 were in agriculture and 7 were in forestry or lumber production. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 279 of which 53 or (19.0%) were in manufacturing and 224 (80.3%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 1,249. In the tertiary sector; 382 or 30.6% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 105 or 8.4% were in the movement and storage of goods, 69 or 5.5% were in a hotel or restaurant, 13 or 1.0% were in the information industry, 85 or 6.8% were the insurance or financial industry, 130 or 10.4% were technical professionals or scientists, 126 or 10.1% were in education and 141 or 11.3% were in health care.

, there were 980 workers who commuted into the municipality and 1,535 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 1.6 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. Of the working population, 15.6% used public transportation to get to work, and 63% used a private car.

Religion
From the, 1,667 or 38.9% were Roman Catholic, while 1,595 or 37.3% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 179 members of an Orthodox church (or about 4.18% of the population), and there were 292 individuals (or about 6.82% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 4 individuals (or about 0.09% of the population) who were Jewish, and 81 (or about 1.89% of the population) who were Islamic. There were 4 individuals who were Buddhist and 9 individuals who belonged to another church. 464 (or about 10.84% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 127 individuals (or about 2.97% of the population) did not answer the question.

Weather
Échallens has an average of 121.6 days of rain or snow per year and on average receives 972 mm of precipitation. The wettest month is June during which time Échallens receives an average of 99 mm of rain or snow. During this month there is precipitation for an average of 11.2 days. The month with the most days of precipitation is May, with an average of 12.3, but with only 89 mm of rain or snow. The driest month of the year is February with an average of 69 mm of precipitation over 10.1 days.

Education
In Échallens about 1,654 or (38.6%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 481 or (11.2%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 481 who completed tertiary schooling, 62.4% were Swiss men, 25.6% were Swiss women, 6.7% were non-Swiss men and 5.4% were non-Swiss women.

In the 2009/2010 school year there were a total of 830 students in the Échallens school district. In the Vaud cantonal school system, two years of non-obligatory pre-school are provided by the political districts. During the school year, the political district provided pre-school care for a total of 296 children of which 96 children (32.4%) received subsidized pre-school care. The canton's primary school program requires students to attend for four years. There were 443 students in the municipal primary school program. The obligatory lower secondary school program lasts for six years and there were 373 students in those schools. There were also 14 students who were home schooled or attended another non-traditional school.

Échallens is home to 1 museum, the Maison du blé et du pain (House of wheat and bread). In 2009 it was visited by 11,087 visitors while the average in previous years was 11,438.

, there were 344 students in Échallens who came from another municipality, while 201 residents attended schools outside the municipality.

Sport
FC Echallens play in the town. The team currently plays in Liga 1., the fourth highest tier in the Swiss football pyramid. Their home stadium is Sportplatz 3 Sapins which is situated on the outskirts of Échallens.

Transportation
Échallens lies on the main highway between Lausanne and Yverdon-les-Bains. The entrance to the A1 motorway at La Sarraz opened in 1981 and is only about 7 km from the center.

In 1874, the Chemin de fer Lausanne-Échallens-Bercher (LEB) opened the narrow-gauge Lausanne–Bercher line. The municipality has three stations on the line: Echallens, Sur Roche, and Grésaley. There are bus lines to Chavornay, Yverdon, und Thierrens.

Notable people

 * Émile Gardaz (1931 in Échallens - 2007) a Swiss Romand radio moderator and author
 * Gabriel Wüthrich (born 1981 in Échallens) a Swiss football goalkeeper

title: Échallens


text:
Talk:William Ruckelshaus

Correct spelling of name
This article contains two spellings of the name; would someone with access to authoritative sources please clean it up? Thanks.

Saturday Night Massacre
The article states "In April 1973 he was appointed acting Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and in the same year was appointed Deputy Attorney General of the United States Department of Justice. In an event known as the "Saturday Night Massacre", Ruckelshaus and his boss, Elliot Richardson, famously resigned their positions within the Justice Department rather than obey an order from President Richard Nixon to fire the Watergate special prosecutor, Archibald Cox, who was investigating official misconduct on the part of the president and his aides."

I have a strong recollection that after Mr. Richardson resigned, Mr. Ruckelshaus did not resign but was dismissed for refusing to dismiss Cox. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Johhtfd (talk • contribs) 04:49, 27 January 2009 (UTC)
 * I don't understand the relationship between this "in office as FBI-Chief till 9th Juli 1973" and the Saturday...Massacre. The Saturday Night Massacre occurs on 20.Oct.1973 - what happens on 9.July and/or between 9.July and 20.Oct.1973? --  Hartmann Schedel  Prost 17:16, 15 July 2009 (UTC)

---

From an account supposedly written by Ruckelshaus, taken from http://crosscut.com/2012/03/29/history/22061/Bill-Ruckelshaus-Watergate-me/?page=single : "My resignation was sent over to the White House at the same time as Elliott’s. At 8 pm that Saturday evening, Ron Ziegler announced that Elliot Richardson had resigned and William D. Ruckelshaus and Archibald Cox had been fired.  Robert Bork was named Acting Attorney General.  Apparently, my resignation was not accepted by the President.  The following Monday, the President in a press conference announced that both Elliott and I had resigned.  I thus can lay claim to having resigned or been fired and often do, depending on the audience." Media accounts typically seem to refer to him as having been dismissed/fired. A letter from Nixon to Bork also said that Ruckelshaus resigned. There seems to be no dispute over the facts of what happened, it's just a matter of trying how to convey them, which is complicated by the ambiguity of the word "resigned." (As to whether "resigned" means merely that a resignation was offered, or whether it means that it was offered and accepted...Nixon seems to have meant the former.) 71.238.69.41 (talk) 21:53, 19 December 2012 (UTC)

EDF membership
The article states that Ruckelshaus was a member of the Environmental Defense Fund. I can find no other authoritative piece to corroborate that -- there is absolutely no mention of it at the EDF site, nor in any of his official biographies. What is the source for that statement? (Please, not Steven Milloy . . .)Edarrell (talk) 18:07, 17 February 2011 (UTC)

I have a statement from Mr. Ruckelshaus that he is not now, and never has been, affiliated with the EDF. 69.96.77.15 (talk) 19:42, 17 February 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on William Ruckelshaus. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20100409065159/http://www.fbi.gov/libref/directors/ruckelshaus.htm to http://www.fbi.gov/libref/directors/ruckelshaus.htm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 21:55, 20 March 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 one external links on William Ruckelshaus. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20130218204719/http://ruckelshauscenter.wsu.edu:80/about/Ruckelshaus.bio.html to http://ruckelshauscenter.wsu.edu/about/Ruckelshaus.bio.html
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20120106232746/http://www.igdleaders.org:80/sections/whoweare/whoweare_leadershipcouncil.asp to http://igdleaders.org/sections/whoweare/whoweare_leadershipcouncil.asp

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 01:56, 1 June 2016 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:William Ruckelshaus


text:
Talk:Ilfracombe

Tourism
I have just removed an awful lot of irrelevant, unencyclopedic content from this article that has been added gradually by one or more people since the beginning of August. I will continue to watch the progress of this page in case it gets added back. -- Francs2000 | Talk 20:30, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

"When the tourism market faltered following the end of the victorian era local hotelliers took advantage of people living in major urban areas who wanted a better life and invited them to the town with cheap accommodation; unfortunately when they arrived here there were no jobs for the migrants.

This influx of unwaged people gave Ilfracombe a number of social problems, particularly relating to crime and unemployment. In the last 5 years these have been addressed by bringing in better national government policies...and the first rural projects for Surestart to help the families with young children, and since 2004 the neighbourhood management Programme ( Transform)have started to make the difference."

The above text does not really add anything new to the text it replaced, infact it actually omits certain details so I don't see why there was a need to delete the previous content. I have tried to mix the two up little, hopefully all parties will be satisfied. Moz 17:04, 18 December 2005 (UTC)

"When the tourism market faltered following the end of the Victorian era local hoteliers took advantage of people living in major urban areas who wanted a better life and invited them to the town with cheap accommodation; unfortunately when they arrived here there were no jobs for the migrants."

Additionally this part doesn't make any sense. It's maybe okay to say that hoteliers took advantage of people living in major urban areas (if we do have some evidence for that?) but then to say there were no jobs when they arrived doesn't make sense at all. How can the hoteliers offering jobs be the reason for this inward migration if there are supposedly not jobs here in the first place?

Again I will try and mix and match the two articles but it seems more justifiable to say that there was simply an inward migration of people of poor background than to give a reason for it which is much harder to prove.Moz 17:11, 18 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Just wanted to add that tourism didn't really decline after the Victorian era. Tourism peaked in the early 50's.  In 1951 on Saturday's during August over 10,000 people came to the town on the train, presumably mainly holiday makers.  At that time there were also people coming by car and boat too.  I have this info in a book on Ilfracombe's history, claimed to be from train ticket records.  Also the influx of labour from urban areas was because there were jobs available, it was only when the tourism industry declined in the 1960's when cheap foreign package holidays emerged that many of these workers became redundant.  I learnt this whilst doing a GCSE history and researching this in the Ilfracombe museum archives.snottage 20:53, 06 May 2010.  —Preceding unsigned comment added by Snottage (talk • contribs)

 * If you have a reference source that will allow you to improve the article, please do so! -- EdJogg (talk) 09:06, 8 May 2010 (UTC)

Churches
A section on churches in ilfracombe would be a good addition and is requested.

The link "[8] Christian Fellowship Church, Ilfracombe" is fine but it needs to be mentioned somewhere in the article as this is not a directory. [[User:Definition12|Moz14:29, 22 July 2006 (UTC)

"In 2006 major leisure industry developments by John Fowler, a local holiday camp operator are expected to shift the local economy back to tourism."

John Fowler
Although I admit John Fowler's holiday park probably employs the most people of any tourist resort in Ilfracombe, the sentence makes it look like John Fowler's redevelopment of his facilities will solely shift the economy back to tourism. It will help, but it's rather the local governments renewed commitment to the redevelopment of the economy toward tourism that will cause this shift.

In all honesty though, the major industry in Ilfracombe has always been tourism, and won't be shifted back, it's already there. JHJPDJKDKHI! 02:11, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

Whilst the perception is that tourism is the dominant industry in Ilfracombe, detailed economic research commissioned by the Community alliance completed by consultants Terence ORourke in 2005 demonstrated that light engineering was dominant with 1200 people being employed in the sector v c 1000 in Tourism and hospitality industry, and then there are health & social services. The outcome was a surprise and showed how poor the tourism market had been allowed to become. It also demonstrates the impact of the "new" tourism scene of surfing...there are more 2x more hospitality beds in Woolacombe than in Ilfracombe ! John Steer-Fowlers strategy is to develop the    convention market, by improving the quality of their chalets etc. They have sucessfully hosted a major Roman Catholic convention for many years and their own market research gives them confidence to invest £20million in their site, ( john Fowler was cited by the Financial times several years since as the fastest growing private company in the UK ) FrankPearson 20:53, 18 December 2006 (UTC)

Recent edits
I removed some of the information below.

"Humdrum conumdrum street drumming band and many live musicians who give life to the Farmers' markets held in the lantern centre. - Sport ... Ilfracombe Football Club, Golf Club (110 years old), Rugby Club, Tennis Club, Bowls Club, Table tennis Club, Swimming Club, Cricket Club as well as the Yacht club and for the smaller boats Bicclescombe park model boat club as well as Sea Cadets, Brownies, Scouts.... "

I don't know much about 'humdrum conumdrum street drumming bands' but I don't think they are very notable. The farmers market is though, expanding on that with an apprpriate link would be great but you really need to register.

I will try and comment about the rest abit later but would appreciate if you expand on the cricket, yacht club information.

Cheers JHJPDJKDKHI! 05:13, 12 August 2006 (UTC)

Oldest Lighthouse
According to the BBC the oldest lighthouse in the UK is atFlamborough Head on the wash. I will put but will remove it if you can't find anything. JHJPDJKDKHI! 08:44, 12 August 2006 (UTC).

The "claim" for the oldest lighthouse is based on data in several books and pamphlets which relate to the building on Lantern hill (aka St Nicholas chapel), at the throat of the harbour, being built in 1321 with a beacon on its tower acting as a guidance to mariners; it is worth noteing the next cove to Ilfracombe, Hele, was home to smugglers and wreckers and there needed to be a reference point for those at sea. The beacon was not maintained by Trinity House, nor any other national organisation so has never featured in their data. frank Pearson

Major reorganisation
I've moved the article round quite a bit and have found that it is missing a vital part - a geography section. The section could also include the geology section which is a bit lacking. Jack 03:17, 22 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Update of the transport section I don't feel has been an improvement, it's now less structured. Photographs throughout need to be more strategically placed to reflect what each section refers to, for eg. the section on shopping would suitibly be placed next to the picture of the highstreet. I also think the article looks alot better if the pictures are spaced out, ie- they don't all hug one side of the screen, there are alot of good articles on wikipedia that don't have their pictures on one side of the screen. JHJPDJKDKHI! 04:05, 22 August 2006 (UTC)

 * New article on the Ilfracombe Branch Line will be created later today, and the Transport section edited to suit. Wikipedia level 3 and 4 headings are too similar to cope with the paragraph structure as it is without the extra italicising I added.
 * EdJogg 10:03, 22 August 2006 (UTC)

 * The problem with images on the left is that they interfere with headings which makes the page look messy. I think the transport section has improved now that the branch line page has been created and the three seperate methods have been emboldened. And just to clear things up - I tried to leave the images with their respective sections, and I didn't remove the invensys info. I think that the article is looking a lot better now (still missing that Geography section though). Jack 14:26, 22 August 2006 (UTC)
 * I'm afraid I disagree, it has become standard practice on wikipedia to place images on the left. I don't think it makes the article look messy at all, on the contrary it makes it look more professional. For eg. Cardiff, article looks good with images on the left, swansea ditto, manchester again, etc etc etc JHJPDJKDKHI! 18:55, 22 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I agree that images look great on the left and would like to see that on this page it's just that they were all breaking up headers see example as most sections are too small. I also agree they make it look more professional and easier on the eyes too, I was only refering to this article being messy because of them. Hope we can work our way around it! Jack 00:27, 23 August 2006 (UTC)

Hi, I hope you don't mind me being bold, but I've completely changed the order of sections and some of the position of images following WikiProject UK geography/How to write about settlements's guidelines. It gives really good help for writing about places. This article could do with a section on Landmarks and maybe the removal of sub headings in the culture section. If you've got a one liner sentence it shouldn't have its own sub heading. Just merge with something else. Also I've noticed that this article uses external links a lot. Generaly speaking, external links shouldn't be in the main article, only in the external links section. I can't see any places within the article, where there might be an exeption, so I'd suggest deleting all of them. bsrboy (talk) 14:04, 8 June 2008 (UTC)

 * With regard to the external links, many should be converted to references, with the remainder perhaps moved to the External Links section. EdJogg (talk) 12:47, 9 June 2008 (UTC)

Nice image
I'm quite eager to place on the artile the following image I found on flickr.

ALthough it's probably best if I cut the bottom off and clean it up abit.JHJPDJKDKHI! 16:56, 24 August 2006 (UTC)

 * What an amazing shot! The only problem is the license that this photo is under doesn't allow modification of the image as far as I'm aware. It'll still look good like that tho. Jack 17:43, 24 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Indeed, it's a shame wikipedia has no allowance for us to exercise our right under the CC licence waive any of the CC conditions if we get permission from the copyright holder. Even if I get permission I still can't modify it and place it on wikipedia, it's extremely annoying. Maybe if I got permission to release it under the GNUFDL, or perhaps if the copyright holder uploads the modified version to flickr or wikipediaJHJPDJKDKHI!

Hi there is photograph of Ilfracombe during a storm on Flickr. It was taken during a storm in April 2002 from a position on Lantern Hill very similar to that picture taken in 1890; I think the comparison would be useful. The photograph is mine and is free access, it has been used by the weather watchers and in several publications as a demonstration of "climate change", actually it was simply a big storm and a beautiful evening FrankPearson 21:02, 18 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Hi Frank, good to hear from you! That would be excellent. I'm not sure how to attribute copyrighted works on wikipedia. I fear wikipedia has gone completely down the line of open content even if permission is sought and gained. I will get back to you on this. There may be a tag we can use to get around it, if so it would be an excellent addition. I also need to crop the image you refer to JHJPDJKDKHI! 08:36, 11 January 2007 (UTC)

Seagulls...
In today's Times there is a report that Gloucester City Council is going to build on its success in limiting the growth of its seagull population. They have discovered that if a plastic egg is placed in the gull's nest, the birds will continue to incubate it for the whole season, and thus not breed again!

Dunno how you might persuade this into the Ilfracombe article, but thought it was at least pertinent (and a little amusing!).

EdJogg 09:05, 12 September 2006 (UTC)

Architecture
I thought it apppropriate to create an article on the architecture of ilfracombe, in hindsight this is probably more suited to this history section of this article but alot could be written on this subject were we able to obtain the right materials easily. Alas, what is available online is scant, however, a Jim Bates has gone to the trouble of drawing many notoble buildings and explained their history on his site below.

Also, does anyone know what the best way is to format the article in question?

Cheers JHJPDJKDKHI! 08:30, 11 January 2007 (UTC)

OS Coordinates
The current OS coordinates appear to be for Swansea, can someone fix this ASAP —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 82.153.107.131 (talk) 14:06, 6 February 2007 (UTC).
 * I've changed it now and added the lat and long. Jack 17:50, 6 February 2007 (UTC)

Orphaned coat of arms.
The coat of arms appears to have been orphaned by one of the latest edits. Upon review of it I think it is in the public domain because of expiary on such works. I believe it's over 75 years old.

Also, some edits have erased some information about he economy and some useful formatting. I will sort that out at a later date. The architecture of ilfracombe page I created is quite funny. Especially as it appears in the category of archetecture by city. I will try and format it to look a little like the city architecture pagesJHJPDJKDKHI! 16:35, 5 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Sorry. The recent infobox change left the article with an A3-sized area of white space (take your pick whether 'A3' refers to the paper format, the trunk road, or 'Flying Scotsman' (the steam loco)!!). My fix was rather quick-and-dirty, just to restore sanity! (Oh, and someone removed the seagull as unnecessary! Boo-hiss!) EdJogg 17:32, 5 November 2007 (UTC)
 * I think we should get the picture of the seagul back up. In my opinion it brought part of the article to life and several people who I showed the article too, commented on how they liked that picture in particular. JHJPDJKDKHI! 15:52, 16 November 2007 (UTC)

Big Wave image
I didn't notice at first but it seems Frank Pearson has allowed us to use his image of a big storm in ilfracombe

Very nice image but I'm unsure how best to incorporate it into the article. It would look very good next to that 1890s image, as frank suggested. However there is one issue about this that there perhaps needs to be something in the text about the storm. -- Supposed (talk) 20:50, 16 November 2007 (UTC)

Recent edit
Some of this is relavent as things have changed. So will edit it later unless anyone else wants to? JHJPDJKDKHI! (talk) 14:23, 30 March 2008 (UTC)

Coat of arms
Anyone know why the coat of arms won't show up in the infobox? Supposed (talk) 06:27, 5 April 2008 (UTC)

Automated Peer Review
The following suggestions were generated by a semi-automatic javascript program, and might not be applicable for the article in question. You may wish to browse through User:AndyZ/Suggestions for further ideas. Thanks, FM [ talk to me  |  show contributions  ]  16:19, 23 September 2008 (UTC)
 * Per Wikipedia:Context and Wikipedia:Manual of Style (dates), months and days of the week generally should not be linked. Years, decades, and centuries can be linked if they provide context for the article.[?]
 * Per Wikipedia:Manual of Style (numbers), there should be a non-breaking space -  between a number and the unit of measurement. For example, instead of 3 km, use 3 km, which when you are editing the page, should look like: 3&nbsp;km.[?]
 * Per Wikipedia:Manual of Style (numbers), please spell out source units of measurements in text; for example, the Moon is 380,000 kilometres (240,000 mi) from Earth.[?] Specifically, an example is 3 km.
 * As per Wikipedia:Manual of Style (dates), dates shouldn't use th; for example, instead of (if such appeared in the article) using January 30th was a great day, use January 30 was a great day.[?]
 * Per Manual of Style (headings), headings generally do not start with articles ('the', 'a(n)'). For example, if there was a section called  ==The Biography== , it should be changed to  ==Biography== .[?]
 * As done in WP:FOOTNOTE, footnotes usually are located right after a punctuation mark (as recommended by the CMS, but not mandatory), such that there is no space in between. For example, the sun is larger than the moon [2]. is usually written as the sun is larger than the moon.[2][?]
 * Please ensure that the article has gone through a thorough copyediting so that it exemplifies some of Wikipedia's best work. See also User:Tony1/How to satisfy Criterion 1a.[?]

History
On the subject of the Manor House in Chambercombe, the line "It is also said to be haunted." is unverifiable and is superstition. I think this should be removed.

ChrizC (talk) 14:00, 6 May 2009 (UTC)

 * On the contrary "It is also said to be haunted." is entirely verifiable (regardless of whether you think it is superstition), and I've added the page from Chambercombe Manor's website to say as much. (Note that other websites do also mention the haunting, but this one actually provides a reason for it and seems to be reasonably factual.)
 * Thankfully we do not have to verify that it actually is haunted, only that it is said to be haunted!
 * EdJogg (talk) 15:54, 6 May 2009 (UTC)

Pronunciation
Hi,

Can anyone here help distinguish the correct pronunciation as there appears to be some disagreement about it/ http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ilfracombe&curid=370363&diff=308682526&oldid=308055507

JHJPDJKDKHI! (talk) 16:51, 19 August 2009 (UTC)

I think that the new pronunciation is more accurate EdwardRussell (talk) 21:49, 10 November 2013 (UTC)

Merge proposal
Ilfracombe Community Centre is a very short article, and could easily be merged here without loss of content- but as it stands, being subject of a television program is insufficient to establish notability. Rodhull andemu  23:40, 30 September 2009 (UTC)

 * Support -- This is one of several sub-articles created about the same time by one editor doing much work on the Ilfracombe article. Several have since been re-merged. Not sure there's much scope for expansion of this one. Can always be split-out again in future. (In this case, I think most of the content came from Ilfracombe in the first place!) -- EdJogg (talk) 09:40, 1 October 2009 (UTC)
 * Comment - As the information in Ilfracombe Community Centre is already included in Ilfracombe I have converted it to a redirect. Road Wizard (talk) 21:36, 21 October 2009 (UTC)
 * Support the merger of a concise version of that article into this article.--Tomsega (talk) 02:13, 27 January 2010 (UTC)

Coat of arms: Inappropriately low quality?
To me the coat of arms image looks almost disgusting it is so dank and murky, especially with the fish involved in the picture! Was this found in a rock pool along with a stack of pornography? I don't really think it's an appropriate header for this article. Anybody else agrees, please go ahead and remove! --Tomsega (talk) 02:13, 27 January 2010 (UTC)

 * It's been in the article for several years now, and the good burghers of Ilfracombe don't seem that worried or they would have uploaded a newer version. It's not such bad quality that it should be removed, although that doesn't mean that you can't use a better version to replace it.
 * This one looks like it was photographed on a building or historical document, so may have some history attached, and hence 'better quality' would not be possible. Unfortunately the caption does not elaborate. I have dropped a note on the contributor's talk page, but he hasn't been active at WP for a few months now.
 * EdJogg (talk) 10:39, 27 January 2010 (UTC)

 * It may have come from tour-devon.com. An alternative is on this badge for sale. -- Trevj (talk) 10:47, 5 December 2011 (UTC)

1860s image of Ilfracombe
I have just added this image of Ilfracombe, thought to date from the 1860s: File:Stereo card Ilfracombe 001.jpg. I'm telling you about it as it may or may not support some of the information already in the article. If you look at the full-sized image, you can see a larger ship beached at low tide in the centre of the harbour. It's a square-rigger, possibly with a tumblehome and possibly a carrack - though that's just a guess. By 1860 the seagoing fishing boats were ketches of about 80ft, so maybe that ship is 100 ft loa, which is possible for a carrack, I think? To keep it upright while beached would have required a lot of lines in all directions to the harbour bollards, and constant adjustment of lines. All good fun. Whether the 1820 Spanish ship in the article would still be there in 1860 is another question, but I wouldn't be surprised if there were still old carracks around. The Fighting Temeraire wasn't broken up until 1838.

Also the article mentions a fort somewhere - maybe someone can spot evidence of it? Anyway, if you do spot anything interesting in the picture which might improve or expand the article, please could you kindly write it here, as we'd all be fascinated to know about it. Thanks.--Storye book (talk) 18:14, 22 February 2011 (UTC)

Demography
I'm not at all convinced about the final paragraph of the Demography section. There is no citation, and from experience I'd say that Ilfracombe certainly doesn't feel like most workers are 'white collar' in particular. Can anyone find the citation for this? If not, I think it ought to be removed. 94.195.26.44 (talk) 21:35, 15 October 2012 (UTC)

As nobody has found a citation, I have ensured that this statement is omitted (it was my comment last year, by the way) EdwardRussell (talk) 21:54, 10 November 2013 (UTC)

Sports and Leisure
I'd like to see this entire section converted to prose, rather than a somewhat disjointed kind of list. Is anyone able to make an attempt at this? 94.195.26.44 (talk) 21:36, 15 October 2012 (UTC)
 * Be bold but be careful not to write original research. JHJPDJKDKHI! (talk) 06:43, 5 November 2012 (UTC)

Length of History Section
Given that there is a separate article on the history of Ilfracombe, and a link is provided from this page, what do people think about the idea of condensing the history section on this page in order to avoid its dominance of the article? EdwardRussell (talk) 09:03, 27 June 2013 (UTC)

I agree, and have copied all the relevant history parts from the Ilfracombe page to the History page, which will need a bit more tidying up and expanding, so the parts of history on the main page can be reduced and reference the history page. Snottage (talk) 21:41, 02 December 2013 (UTC)

Fires
I have changed the heading `The history of Ilfracombe's fires' to simply `Ilfracombe's fires'. This is in accordance with the guidance of the Automated Peer Review (above) EdwardRussell (talk) 21:53, 10 November 2013 (UTC)

Merger proposal
The uncited article Architecture of Ilfracombe doesn't provide much information and could easily be incorporated into Ilfracombe.— Rod talk 13:44, 12 July 2016 (UTC)
 * Support. The amount of content in this article does not warrant its own article. If there are no further comments in the next couple of days, I will do the merge.--NHSavage (talk) 17:57, 8 November 2016 (UTC)
 * Support. As above. Hogyn Lleol (talk) 14:20, 9 November 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Ilfracombe. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20101001021612/http://www.chambercombemanor.org.uk/legend.asp to http://www.chambercombemanor.org.uk/legend.asp
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20091013171701/http://www.bicentenary.tas.gov.au/events/event.php?id=64 to http://www.bicentenary.tas.gov.au/events/event.php?id=64

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 09:45, 9 April 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Ilfracombe. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090731114451/http://www.northdevon.gov.uk/ndlp_-_chapter_25.pdf to http://www.northdevon.gov.uk/ndlp_-_chapter_25.pdf
 * Added tag to http://www.ilfracombe.gov.uk/modules.php?name=content&pa=showpage&pid=27

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 03:11, 4 September 2017 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 22:06, 10 February 2019 (UTC)
 * Verity Damien Hirst Ilfracombe.jpg

Why I removed content
The sentence talking about the council offices being transformed into a training centre had a permadead source, and from what I could find, the council offices are still the council offices. Oona Wikiwalker (talk) 19:57, 15 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ilfracombe


text:
Talk:Robert Rusler

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one article was rated and this bot brought all the other ratings up to at least that level. BetacommandBot 03:52, 28 August 2007 (UTC)

Openly bisexual
I removed that Rusler is openly bisexual. The only ref was a Facebook page in a language that wasn’t English, so I went to his Facebook page in English and just because it lists interested in Men and women, doesn’t mean he’s bisexual. It could be a mistake or some other reason we aren’t privy too. 107.3.228.215 (talk) 17:37, 25 August 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Robert Rusler


text:
Navaratna (disambiguation)

Navaratna is a jewelry style.

Navaratna, a Sanskrit compound word meaning "nine gems", can also refer to the following:

 * Navaratnas, advisors to Vikramaditya and Akbar's courts
 * Navaratna (architecture), an architecture style
 * Navratna, a government-owned company of India which has certain financial autonomy

title: Navaratna (disambiguation)


text:
Talk:Engelbert II of Berg

Untitled
Qua Archbishop of Cologne - cf Archbishopric of Cologne - he is referred to as Engelbert I. von Berg; qua Graf v Berg, as Engelbert II. Graf Engelbert I is his father, and I have therefore changed the link back. To avoid future confusion this article had better be renamed Engelbert II von Berg. I will translate the article on Graf Engelbert I as well in any case.

Engelbert's Heart
Maybe it should be noted that his heart was brought to Altenberg Abbey where it is buried and still kept as a relic.87.161.24.93 (talk) 21:29, 1 October 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Engelbert II of Berg. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20051110065524/http://nrw2000.de/mittelalter/engelbert.htm to http://www.nrw2000.de/mittelalter/engelbert.htm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 04:04, 21 September 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Engelbert II of Berg. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20051023161345/http://www.genealogie-mittelalter.de/berg_und_altena_grafen_von/engelbert_1_von_berg_erzbischof_von_koeln_+_1225.html to http://www.genealogie-mittelalter.de/berg_und_altena_grafen_von/engelbert_1_von_berg_erzbischof_von_koeln_+_1225.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20160827232935/http://www.koelner-dom.de/engelberti-vonberg.html to http://www.koelner-dom.de/engelberti-vonberg.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 14:39, 8 January 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Engelbert II of Berg


text:
Josef Pühringer

Josef Pühringer (born 30 October 1949 in Traun) is a former Austrian politician.

From 2 March 1995 to 6 April 2017 he was the governor (Landeshauptmann) of Upper Austria. He is a member of the Austrian People's Party (ÖVP).

He is a member of several Roman Catholic student fraternities that belong to the ÖCV and the MKV.

Pühringer is imperial Knight of Honor of the Order of St. George.

title: Josef Pühringer


text: User talk:70.119.69.107

title: User talk:70.119.69.107


text:
Talk:Chris Schenkel

Fair use rationale for Image:SCHENKEL.jpg
Image:SCHENKEL.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 21:28, 5 December 2007 (UTC)

Jim Healy
Schenkel was often the good-hearted foil of the legendary Los Angeles radio (KMPC and KLAC) sports commentator, Jim Healy. Schenkel was often referred to as "the late Chris Schenkel", even though he outlived Healy by 11 years. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 38.121.16.240 (talk) 11:30, 4 March 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Chris Schenkel


text:
Talk:Carly Schroeder

Her middle name is Brook!
Her and I were talking the other day and we started to chat about how everyone got her middle name wrong... On all of her fan sites and so on she is listed as Carly Jane Shroeder. Where her Real middle name (as you can see I edited) is actually Brook. I find this real funny!
 * Sorry, that falls under No Original Research. You have to find a reliable source that says her middle name is "Brook", you can't say that she told you it was. Mad Jack O'Lantern 07:38, 30 April 2006 (UTC)

Her name Is Carly Brook Schroeder!!
http://www.geocities.com/jackie_n_m/carly.html

Go here this shows you... also i will get her and her mother to email you guys confirming her middle name..

Revamp?
This page reads like a fan page, not an entry in an encyclopedia. I'm not familiar enough with the subject to do it myself, but some revamping might be in order. Alexcicio 21:08, 17 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Hi, Alixz! I have cleaned it up as best I can. The article still needs some work, as it is bordering on proseline, but it sounds less fannish now. The article also still needs a few citations (I've marked off where in the article). --DearPrudence 00:35, 1 December 2007 (UTC)

German herritage
Carly's IMDB page says that she is of German descent. Is that correct or incorrect? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.248.237.217 (talk) 04:06, 22 April 2008 (UTC)
 * It is not in THIS article and IMDB bio info is not a reliable source of information as it is edited by unknown users of IMDB and not validated by IMDB. IMDB casting stuff is reliable, rest not. --NrDg 13:19, 22 April 2008 (UTC)

Her website says that she's of German descent. Foxcloud
 * This article doesn't. --NrDg 12:02, 22 May 2008 (UTC)

The sentence was taken word for word from IMBD and currently her page on IMBD has completely changed. There are no traces of that on her website. I do see her on Disney Channel wikia, which doesn't mention that either, they used her website as a source. The entire first half on the paragraph has no citation and that statement would need one. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Krisxlowry (talk • contribs) 05:22, 10 August 2015 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 10:56, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Carly Schroeder


text: User talk:71.107.210.177

title: User talk:71.107.210.177


text:
Arts, Beats and Eats

Arts, Beats & Eats is a U.S. Labor Day Weekend festival held in Royal Oak, Michigan. Prior to 2010 it was held in downtown Pontiac, Michigan streets in storefront businesses and at the Phoenix Plaza Amphitheatre. The festival is sponsored by local businesses, including Ford, the naming sponsor. Proceeds from Arts, Beats & Eats benefit local charities; an estimated 1.7 million was donated in the first seven years.

A juried arts exhibition, food court, concert stages with local and national acts and a charity preview gala highlight festival programming. In 2005, families were treated to special fun in the Family Village, including the following play zones:

 * Wild Kingdom Adventure Tour
 * 75th Birthday Exhibit
 * Kids Talent Quest
 * Kids Corner Stage
 * Tire Toss Charity Game
 * Arts & Crafts Area

Programming begins Friday afternoon and ends Monday evening.

2020 saw a virtual festival.

2021 saw the return of Arts, Beats, and Eats sponsored by Soaring Eagle Casino & Resort.

title: Arts, Beats and Eats


text:
Lingbao School

The Lingbao School, also known as the School of the Sacred Jewel or the School of Numinous Treasure, was an important Daoist school that emerged in China in between the Jin dynasty and the Liu Song dynasty in the early fifth century CE. It lasted for about two hundred years until it was absorbed into the Shangqing and Zhengyi currents during the Tang dynasty. The Lingbao School is a synthesis of religious ideas based on Shangqing texts, the rituals of the Celestial Masters, and Buddhist practices.

The Lingbao School borrowed many concepts from Buddhism, including the concept of reincarnation, and also some cosmological elements. Although reincarnation was an important concept in the Lingbao School, the earlier Daoist belief in attaining immortality remained. The school's pantheon is similar to Shangqing and Celestial Master Daoism, with one of its most important gods being the deified form of Laozi. Other gods also existed, some of whom were in charge of preparing spirits for reincarnation. Lingbao ritual was initially in individual practice, but later went through a transformation that put more emphasis on collective rites. The most important scripture in the Lingbao School is known as the Five Talismans (Wufujing), which was compiled by Ge Chaofu and based on Ge Hong's earlier alchemical works.

Although Lingbao no longer exists as a distinct movement, it has left influences on all subsequent branches of Taoism. The "yinyang masters" popular in contemporary northern China are defined as Zhengyi Taoist priests following the Lingbao scriptural tradition.

History
The Lingbao School began in around 400 CE when the Lingbao scriptures were revealed to Ge Chaofu, the grandnephew of Ge Hong. Ge Chaofu claimed that the scriptures came to him in a line of transmission going back to Ge Hong's great-uncle, Ge Xuan (164–244). Ge Chaofu transmitted the scriptures to two of his disciples, and the scriptures quickly gained immense popularity. In 471, Lu Xiujing (406–477) compiled a catalogue of all the Lingbao texts, and also was responsible for reorganizing and standardizing Lingbao ritual. This organization of texts and ritual provided a solid foundation on which the Lingbao School prospered in the subsequent centuries. During the Tang dynasty, the influence of the Lingbao School declined and another school of Daoism, the Shangqing School, became prominent. Borrowing many Lingbao practices, it was well accepted by the aristocracy and established an influence in court.

Beliefs
Some early Lingbao scriptures borrowed so many Buddhist terminological, stylistic and conceptual elements that Zürcher describes them as "Buddho-Taoist hybrids".

Rebirth
Many Lingbao beliefs are borrowed from Buddhism. The names of the many different deities and heavens were often given titles based on phonetic transcriptions of Sanskrit. Many Sanskrit terms were borrowed phonetically, but given completely different meanings. One significant concept borrowed from Buddhism was that of reincarnation.

Both Buddhism and the Lingbao School share the idea of the Five Paths of Rebirth (Gati). People were reborn into earth prisons, as a hungry ghost, as an animal, as a man, or as a celestial being. After death, the body would be alchemically refined in the Palace of Supreme Darkness located in the north, and the Southern Palace in the south. The transmutation of the body consisted of two steps; the yin components of the person were refined in the Palace of Supreme Darkness, followed by the yang components in the Southern Palace. The Lingbao concept of rebirth is a Chinese adaptation of Buddhism, mixing traditional Chinese concepts with newly arrived Buddhist ideas.

Cosmology
Lingbao cosmology also borrows heavily from Buddhism. Unlike previous Daoist cosmological systems which were divided into four to nine regions, Lingbao cosmology supposed that there were ten regions, an idea borrowed from Buddhism. In addition to the cosmological regions, there were 32 heavens divided into four sectors, each with eight heavens that were placed horizontally on the periphery of the celestial disc. Each of the four sectors was ruled by an emperor and populated by denizens of an earlier cosmic age (kalpa). Like Buddhism, the heavens were divided into the "three worlds" of desire, form, and formlessness. Lingbao cosmology deviated from Buddhist beliefs by proposing that the heavens rotated around a huge mountain known as the Jade Capital, which was the residence of the Celestial Worthy, the Daoist version of the Buddha, and the primordial deity.

Certain traditional Daoist ideas were retained in Lingbao cosmology, such as the idea that the world originated from a type of primordial qi known as yuanqi, and then was divided into heaven and earth. Furthermore, the yuanqi is subdivided into three types of qi that correspond to three deities: the lords of the Celestial Treasure, of the Sacred Treasure and of the Divine Treasure. These three deities later introduced the teachings of the Dongzhen (Perfect Grotto), the Dongxuan (Mysterious Grotto), and of the Dongshen (Divine Grotto). These three teachings form the basis for the later classification of texts in the Daozang.

Apocalyptic notions that appeared in Shangqing Daoism were first developed fully by the Lingbao School. Lingbao cosmology supposed that time was divided into cosmic cycles, which correlated with the Five Phases. At the end of a cosmic era, the god of the colour associated with that era would descend onto earth and reveal a teaching that would save a fixed number of people from death. There were two types of cosmic eras, short ones that were characterized by an excess of yin energy, and long ones that were characterized by an excess of yang energy. At the end of a short cosmic era, the moon was prophesied to produce a flood that would erode the mountains, renew the qi of the universe, and change the rankings of the members of the celestial bureaucracy. At the end of a long cosmic era, evil creatures were unleashed, heaven and earth were turned upside down, and metals and stones melted together. The people who followed the correct teaching revealed by the god of the colour would be gathered up by the Queen Mother of the West and transported to a "land of bliss" that would not be affected by the apocalypse.

Pantheon
In addition to borrowing deities from the Celestial Masters and the Shangqing School, the Lingbao School also developed its own gods. The supreme god of Lingbao Daoists is known as the Yuanshi Tianzun or the Celestial Worthy of the Original Beginning, who played a similar role to the deified Laozi in the Celestial Masters. According to the scriptures, this god went through a series of kalpa cycles that were given names similar to dynastic names, until emerging at the beginning of the Kaihuang period. The next most important god was Laojun, the deified form of Laozi, who was the Celestial Worthy's chief disciple. Below these two main gods in the celestial hierarchy were those deities associated with the Southern Palace, where spirits went after death to prepare for rebirth. The head of this group of gods was known as the Perfected of the Southern Extremities. Beneath him was the Director of the Equerry, who was in charge of the life records of the spirits, and Lord Han, who controlled Fengdu, the city of the dead. Below these principal gods in the Lingbao hierarchy were other deities such as the Five Old Men, the Dragon Kings, and the Demon Kings.

Deities were present not only in the heavens, but also in the human body itself. They were responsible for maintaining the body's five viscera, guarding the registers of life, and regulating the souls. There were five internal deities that were particularly important in Lingbao Daoism. The Great Unity lived in the head, along with Lordling and White Prime, who could descend into the liver and lungs. The Director of Destinies lived in the heart and sexual organs, and finally, the Peach Child lived in the lower dantian. Normally these deities resided in the heavens, but they could be activated by scriptural recitations to descend into the body.

Immortality techniques
Despite a belief in reincarnation, the Lingbao School maintained the traditional Daoist idea that certain techniques could allow an adherent to achieve immortality. One technique was to ingest the essence of the sun and the moon. Practitioners would expose themselves to the celestial bodies at certain times of the month. Closing their eyes, they would visualize that the essences would solidify and enter their bodies. Once in the body, the sun's essence was matched to the heart and visualized as red, while the moon's was matched with the kidneys and seen as black. Besides interior meditation practices, immortality could be achieved through the ingestion of potions or talismans.

Rituals
Early Lingbao ritual was mostly done on an individual basis, either in a meditation chamber, or the courtyard of a house. Early practitioners were not professional priests, but rather 'students of the Dao'. Later on, as the Lingbao movement developed religious institutions and an established clergy, ritual practice became more of a communal rite.

Lingbao ritual shares a great deal with ritual in other Daoist traditions. Like other traditions, Lingbao rituals had a theatrical quality that involved accompanying music, dances, and chants. Lingbao Daoism also shared the multidimensional aspect of Daoist ritual, meaning that it was carried on at several different levels simultaneously. For example, while a ritual was being performed, the priest would repeat the ritual within himself through interior meditation.

There are three categories of ritual in Lingbao Daoism. The first is known as the heavenly Golden Register of Rituals, and is carried out to prevent natural disasters. During the Tang dynasty, this ritual was carried out in honour of the imperial family, but later it could be performed by anyone. The earthly Yellow Register ritual was performed to ensure the dead was at rest. The final type of ritual, which has not survived, was the human Jade Register, which was performed to ensure the salvation of mankind. Of the rituals that have survived, the Golden Register has assumed the role of the Jade register, ensuring salvation and preventing bad weather.

Canon
Lingbao scriptures arose as a direct result of the success of earlier Shangqing texts. Lingbao scriptures are all based on a text known as the Text of the Five Talismans (Wufujing), which was compiled by Ge Chaofu between 397 and 402 and borrowed from the work of Ge Hong, his great uncle. Being the most ancient Lingbao text, the Five Talismans provided the framework of the remainder of the Lingbao canon, which was based on the five directions. Because all Lingbao texts descended from the Five Talismans, it was believed that they had been revealed to Ge Xuan, presumably the original owner of the Five Talismans. Ge Xuan is purported to have transmitted the Lingbao texts first to his disciple Zheng Siyuan, who then transmitted it to Ge's grandnephew Ge Hong (284–364), who is well known for his alchemical innovations. The claim that the Lingbao texts derive from Ge Xuan, however, was likely a way of legitimizing them through the exaggeration of their antiquity. In reality, they were likely assembled by Ge Chaofu himself. Within a few years of the texts' dissemination, they had become extremely popular.

The canon itself is a mix of previous Daoist traditions, combining features from the Shangqing School and the Celestial Masters, along with other ancient texts and even some Buddhist ideas. The two most important texts of the canon besides the Wufujing are the Red Book of Five Writings (Chi shu wupian) and the Scripture of Upper Chapters on Limitless Salvation (Wuliang Duren Shangpin). According to Lu Xiujing, who edited the Lingbao Canon, there were a total of 34 texts in the canon, of which three have been lost.

Legacy
While the Lingbao school did not survive as a distinct entity, its ritual apparatus did, and it forms the basis for present-day Daoist ritual practice. In addition, many of the innovations introduced by the Lingbao School have survived to the present, including its division of the Daozang into three sections corresponding to different teachings, with the Dongzhen corresponding to the Shangqing School, the Dongxuan to the Lingbao School, and the Dongshen to the Sanhuang teaching. The integration of Buddhism within Lingbao practices and beliefs ensured that Buddhist elements would remain an important aspect of later Daoism, and also aided in integrating Buddhism into all levels of society in China.

title: Lingbao School


text:
Talk:Frederick William Sievers

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one article was rated and this bot brought all the other ratings up to at least that level. BetacommandBot 11:42, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Frederick William Sievers


text:
Talk:Red Skelton

first screen appearance:1930? UNDER THE COCKEYED MOON rpf16mm?
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=nEEf8Apf-oc&list=PLXfUC2LN_SRzc_rMl-cg0luHGIDCyjDsw&index=19 Starting at 11:40 I swear that that's Red Skelton. Would have been 16 or 17 years old. Can someone more competent than me research this? Thanks.88.3.2.96 (talk) 21:07, 29 September 2021 (UTC)

 * No Skelton in this clip. -  FlightTime  ( open channel ) 21:33, 29 September 2021 (UTC)

---

Skelton's paintings of clowns(of which I have one) were exclusively sold at galleries in the Riviera Hotel in Las Vegas and the Don Cesar Hotel in Saint Petersburg Beach,Florida.

One story you don't mention t hat I've heard repeated many times is that when Skelton's son was diagnosed with leukemia,he decided to personally inspect his finances for the first time in years to see how much time he could afford to take off.

He discovered his business manager(no longer his first wife) had been robbing him blind and had cashed the boy's life insurance policy for himself.It took several people to hold Red back from throwing the man off a high balcony of the Sands Hotel. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 198.23.5.11 (talk) 12:50, 21 October 2022 (UTC)

Ambiguous wording in Biography section
In the Biography / Early Years section, a sentence about Red's father is followed by the sentence: "His birth certificate surname was that of his father's stepfather." In this sentence, does "his" refer to Red or to his father? rowley (talk) 23:58, 24 January 2023 (UTC)

Books published?
When Red appeared in Saskatoon, Canada, in the 1980s he gave a press conference where he talked about his daily writing, composing and painting routine (cited in this article from a 1967 interview). He also mentioned publishing many of his short stories privately (I think he said something about selling the books at his shows). This article does list several book releases (including some from the time period of the press conference), but I wonder if there were more? 136.159.160.121 (talk) 17:12, 30 May 2023 (UTC)

Degree.
High school equivalency ‘degree’? Should this be ‘diploma’? 2001:8003:3020:1C00:44C:C08D:6DCD:234B (talk) 06:08, 2 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Red Skelton


text:
Talk:Scott Skiles

Untitled
Whose record for assists in 1 game did Skiles break, setting it at 30? Trekphiler 23:14, 21 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Kevin Porter, back in 1978, when he played for the (ABA) Nets.

 * [ Correction: NBA Nets. Wikiuser100 (talk) 20:14, 31 May 2015 (UTC) ]

 * Here's the article:

 * http://www.nba.com/magic/news/Scott_Skiles_The_Game_Irsquo-144374-800.html

Ruthfulbarbarity 00:56, 4 August 2006 (UTC)

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as start, and the rating on other projects was brought up to start class. BetacommandBot 16:08, 9 November 2007 (UTC)

Umm...
"Plymouth, with no starter taller than 6'2" and no reserve taller than 6'6", was considered to be the weakest of the final four teams in the tournament that year even though they were ranked #4 in the state with a record of 26-1 entering the state finals."

Wouldn't it make sense they would be the weakest team in the final four if they were ranked #4 in the state? Seems like the other teams could have been 1, 2, 3. Maybe Skiles himself wrote this entry. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.80.193.131 (talk) 01:36, 4 March 2010 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Scott Skiles. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20071228064524/http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/cs-071224chicagobullsfirecoachscottskiles,0,6113811.story?coll=chi-site-nav to http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/cs-071224chicagobullsfirecoachscottskiles,0,6113811.story?coll=chi-site-nav

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 03:45, 31 December 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Scott Skiles


text: Talk:Norm Sloan

title: Talk:Norm Sloan