text:
Hugo von Trimberg

Hugo von Trimberg (born circa 1230/1235 in Wern(a), now either Ober- or Niederwerrn near Schweinfurt – died after 1313 in Bamberg-Theuerstadt) was a German didactic author of the Middle Ages.

Around 1260 he came to the religious foundation of St. Gangolf in the Bamberg suburb of Theuerstadt, where surviving documents mention him as a teacher. He later became Rector, which he remained until 1309. Unusually for the role of rector, von Trimberg was married with wife and children. He was noted in his own day, and is now remembered for his didactic writing, much of which was primarily aimed at his own students.

Works
Hugo composed, by his own account, five works in Latin and seven in German, of which there survive only three and one respectively (a second German work, now lost, was entitled Der Sammler (The Collector):

 * Registrum multorum auctorum: a Latin verse summary of 100 school Latin authors, with summaries of their lives and works
 * Laurea sanctorum: a Latin poem on the saints of the calendar and their feast days
 * Solsequium: also in Latin, this work was intended not for schoolboys but for preachers, and consists of 166 "exempla", or anecdotes, intended to be used as illustrations in sermons
 * Der Renner: the epic poem Der Renner ("The Runner" or "The Courier", so called because the author intended that it should run the length and breadth of Germany), comprising 24,600 verses, is the most comprehensive didactic poem in the German language. It has been transmitted in several manuscripts and many revisions, most of them by Hugo himself: although the poem first appeared in c1300, he continued to work on it until his death. The allegorical framework holding the encyclopaedic content together is based on the Seven Deadly Sins and contains much social comment, most of it critical of the burgher, noble and clerical estates. In 1549 Cyriakus Jakob von Bock printed in Frankfurt am Main a Reformist revision.

title: Hugo von Trimberg


text:
User:Sqlboy

(blanked by bogdan | Talk 18:50, 30 August 2005 (UTC))

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Sqlboy


text: User talk:12.41.10.202

title: User talk:12.41.10.202


text:
Talk:Boston, Indiana

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title: Talk:Boston, Indiana


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Talk:Siberia Airlines Flight 1812

Accident??!
Why is it an "accident" if Ukraine shoots a plane down, but if someone else does then it's deliberate murder ? Who writes this crap ? and you all accept it ? No I'm not Russian... I'm not Ukrainian I thought Wikipedia was supposed to be impartial. 90.255.234.173 (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 22:39, 5 June 2018 (UTC)

 * No wikipedia is not impartial. How could it be when it flat out puts white sources at the top of the citations hierarchy?
 * Nothing is impartial but wikipedia is even more partial than Western academic material. It is very very white supremacist. Sinekonata (talk) 21:40, 10 May 2023 (UTC)

Because when you try shoot someone planner like terrorists novorosia report "we just shoot down ukrainian military craft" and it turns out it was mh17 instead of Ukrainian AN26, its called "murder". In our case, there must be in sky only unmanned "dummy".

But these "terrorists" still did not intented to shoot down a civilian plane, thats the difference. If you call these separatists "terroists" then what would you call those so called moderate opposition in syria who received U.S. aid and ended up mostly hanging out with ISIS? Freedom fighters? Also, Since they're in a wartime situation (more specifically, a cival war), it's a bad but reasonable thing to hit an airliner by mistake: At least this is the explanation given by Uncle Sam after the U.S. military and their servants "mistakenly hit" airliners or other civilian vehicles time and time again. So I guess the Russians are just as qualified to use that term as Americans. After all, they have a much better record than Americans in this regard. 20:10, 29 July 2023 (UTC)

Untitled
"A Career In Microbiology Can Be Harmful To Your Health" - added info on bioweapons experts murder conspiracy theory with regards to Flight 1812's downing, complete with web reference.

Update?
"On June 21, 2004, the spokesperson of Ukraine's General Prosecution Office stated that none of the 11 forensic examinations carried out so far have proven the fact of hitting the Tupolev-154 by a Ukrainian missile so the criminal investigation continued."

Due to it now being 2007, has the issue been resolved? If not, this should be changed to continues. But if it has, then a little something should be added to perhaps reflect the conclusions reached. Coradon 13:06, 20 January 2007 (UTC) —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Coradon (talk • contribs) 23:23, 15 January 2007 (UTC).
 * Whats the proper etiquette for going back later to sign my edit? Do I remove the "The preceding unsigned comment was added by.." after signing. (Just for future reference)Coradon 13:06, 20 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Kiev rejects Israeli lawsuits in plane crash (08/22/2007) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Special:Contributions/ (talk)

Surprise. 10 years of investigation and (full) law proceeding in Ukraine finished on 21 April 2013. Hypotheses about Ukrainian missile S-200 was disproved. After process in Ukraine Siberian Airlines has not take it to the international court. Some people point at missile S-300 launched by Russians on the same training. No comments.

http://rubicon.org.ua/index.php/component/k2/item/96-tu-154-tragediya-nad-chernym-morem

Corrected Kamenski interview date
March 15, 2001, in the Ukrainian weekly, “Facti I Kommentari”, Changed date in article to correct one.Bert Schlossberg (talk) 17:45, 9 March 2009 (UTC)

Was the aircraft hit by a missile?

 * Ukraine admitted it likely hit the plane with a missile.108.48.230.145 (talk) 09:31, 18 July 2014 (UTC)

This section of the talk page contained doubts about the claim of a missile as the cause of the crash. The text was removed because the discussion is irrelevant given the references to Ukranian newspaper reports of the downing by a missile, and because the text contained anti-semitic slurs.

Esterhazy "Johns Hopkins" Material has to go
Really did anyone look at this reference? the "Johns Hopkins" publication is a STUDENT newsletter. It isn't peer reviewed and the author has no prior or subsequent expertise. No military qualifications, no reporting qualifications, no terrorism qualifications, no international affairs or other qualifications all! They appear to be a medical undergrad student who wrote three articles "Op-ed" opinion articles in a student newsletter. 108.48.230.145 (talk) 09:41, 18 July 2014 (UTC)

Russia/Ukraine
On 20th July this was added:

 * In court, in response to question 12 of Siberia Airlines about if the plane's autoresponder was turned on, court experts Burtcev, Kamchatnyy, and Shololovskyy said that the autoresponder was turned off or broken for the entire flight time, so the plane was probably shot by Russian air defense system as unknown flying object. They also said that Russian officials have not denied that. [19]

Emphasis mine. Is that right? Or should it be Ukrainian defense system? 83.137.249.34 (talk) 14:20, 12 August 2015 (UTC)

Are we being trolled?

 * In court, in response to question 12 of Siberia Airlines about if the plane's autoresponder was turned on, court experts Burtcev, Kamchatnyy, and Shololovskyy said that the autoresponder was turned off or broken for the entire flight time, so the plane was probably shot by Russian air defense system as unknown flying object. They also said that Russian officials have not denied that. [19]

I think this section should probably be removed, the source linked is a zip file hosted on what seems to be an entertainment site with no traceability to the original source that i can find. Given the timeline of the edit and the current ukraine-russian trolling of everything related to each other on the internet i would question its reliability and neutrality on that basis too.

This section too has a reference pdf in a zip hosted at the same entertainment site, again recently edited and with no traceability.

 * None of the 11 forensic examinations[who?][26] carried out so far have proven the probability of hitting the Tupolev-154 by a Ukrainian missile.

 * I've removed the paragraph sourced by a zip file, whatever it contains. The second section seems to be supported by a pdf that is perfectly accessible, but it's in Russian, so it's far from ideal. It also appears to be a very poor quality photocopy of an original paper report and so the content of the illustrations cannot be really be determined. So it's pretty useless really. Martinevans123 (talk) 15:51, 16 August 2015 (UTC)

Title of this article
Why this article named "Siberia Airlines Flight 1812"? --0x0F (talk) 09:17, 27 September 2016 (UTC)
 * renamed --0x0F (talk) 09:19, 27 September 2016 (UTC)
 * I think it was Ukranian-NATOs act of terrorism 0x0F (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 09:22, 27 September 2016 (UTC)
 * In the English Wikipedia, flights are named after the carrier followed by flight number. See our naming conventions: Naming conventions (events). Stickee (talk) 09:25, 27 September 2016 (UTC)
 * Use the ref tag, please... 0x0F (talk) 09:28, 27 September 2016 (UTC)
 * Sure, the 2001 BBC Article refers to it as Flight 1812. Stickee (talk) 09:35, 27 September 2016 (UTC)
 * I must write a free e-Book about this inhumanity act of terrorism. The NATO are killers of many childen. (In Libya, Yemen, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Syria, and Iraq) 0x0F (talk) 14:20, 28 September 2016 (UTC)
 * Can I read about it? Why was it done? Was Ukraine really on the side of NATO then? Or was this done against the government? Sinekonata (talk) 21:47, 10 May 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Siberia Airlines Flight 1812


text:
Talk:Cambridge City, Indiana

Untitled
Need discussion concerning Vinton House

This page needs cleaned up. City information needs to be taken from Geography section.

Mega Millions Winner?
Someone won the Mega Millions jackpot on July 8, 2016. Isn't ANYONE going to mention that in the history section?ES2602:306:CD9B:E9A0:5560:1889:FD95:84E (talk) 23:39, 9 July 2016 (UTC)
 * This event is not really noteworthy to cover on a Wikipedia article. Evking22 (talk) 01:19, 15 July 2016 (UTC)

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Talk:Dublin, Indiana

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title: Talk:Dublin, Indiana


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Talk:Centerville, Indiana

Uncited Statements
This article is rife with uncited statements and entries. This needs cleaned up per wikipedia standards. chris4682 —Preceding signed but undated comment was added at 05:01, 15 September 2007 (UTC)

nearby communities discussion
County information including cities is not needed in the Centerville article. This data is already supplied in the proper page. No other town in Wayne county has this data. chris4682

Agreed table practicing abilities can be done elsewhere. symo9

Yeah it is very tacky and looks odd. Most town wikipedia entries list important data not nearby towns...this is a sign that there isn't much to talk about...which is not the case. This whole page needs reworking by people who know the town well and know how to make a good article. chris4682

I thought it was important and I have found it in other counties. I don't think it's a big deal it it's not included. stisul

Once again this is not a county page. This space could be better utilized. chris4682
 * Cleaned up. Nyttend (talk) 12:25, 8 May 2009 (UTC)

Notable Natives
John Burbank is not listed on the Wikipedia page of Kansas Governors and Lew Wallace's entry says he was born in Brookville. So this needs to be documented or deletedDIDouglass 13:55, 23 April 2007 (UTC) OK--I think i got some of this straightened out. It's Harvey that was governor of Kansas and it's James M.--not John. His entry says he attended school in Indiana--which I assume is the connection. Not sure he's a native.DIDouglass 14:32, 23 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Notables have been pruned to actual notables and actual residents/natives. Nyttend (talk) 12:25, 8 May 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Centerville, Indiana


text:
Talk:East Germantown, Indiana

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Talk:Economy, Indiana

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title: Talk:Economy, Indiana


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Talk:Fountain City, Indiana

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title: Talk:Fountain City, Indiana


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Clinical ecology

Clinical ecology was the name given by proponents in the 1960s to a claim that exposure to low levels of certain chemical agents harm susceptible people, causing multiple chemical sensitivity and other disorders. Clinical ecologists are people that support and promote this offshoot of conventional medicine. They often have a background in the field of allergy or otorhinolaryngology, and the theoretical approach is derived in part from classic concepts of allergic responses, first articulated by Theron Randolph and developed by Richard Mackarness.

Clinical ecologists support a cause-and-effect relationship for non-specific symptoms reported by some people after low-dose exposure to chemical, biologic, or physical agents. This pattern of low-dose reaction is not generally accepted by toxicologists. Although some of the mainstream medical community continue to reject these claims, the concept is gaining some recognition under the modern and more clearly articulated classification of environmental medicine.

Training and qualifications
"Clinical Ecologist" is an environmental approach that is consistent with the practice of holistic medicine. Practitioners with this orientation do not use the term "Clinical Ecologist," although those opposed to this complementary medicine approach to illness often still do. Unlike terms such as physician or nurse, the term clinical ecologist is not legally regulated in any jurisdiction, which means that any person may legally claim to be a clinical ecologist. If wanted, they may obtain an extralegal certification or membership from the unregulated private organization American Academy of Environmental Medicine upon payment of a fee.

Many clinical ecologists are traditionally licensed healthcare professionals who hold advanced traditional medical certifications. Others may have a more alternative training.

History
Randolph published a number of books to promote clinical ecology and environmental medicine, including:

In 1965, Randolph founded the Society for Clinical Ecology as an organization to promote his theories based on the symptoms of his patients, known as multiple chemical sensitivities (MCS).

During the 1980s the movement was rejected by some medical organizations and judges, and health insurance companies often refused to pay their bills. The society's name was changed from the Society for Clinical Ecology, according to its opponents, in order to flee from its bad reputation.

Despite the confusion in the traditional medical establishment regarding the classification and treatment of MCS, MCS has achieved credibility in workers compensation claims, tort liability, and regulatory actions. The pragmatic determination of MCS includes four elements: (1) the syndrome is acquired after a documentable environmental exposure that may have caused objective evidence of health effects; (2) the symptoms are referable to multiple organ systems and vary predictably in response to environmental stimuli; (3) the symptoms occur in relation to measurable levels of chemicals, but the levels are below those known to harm health; and (4) no objective evidence of organ damage can be found.

Controversy
Randolph's theories about chemical effects have been criticized by toxicologists. His broader interpretation of "allergies" beyond that of IgE antibodies in true allergy conflicted with traditional allergists of his time. Of course, Randolph did not claim that environmental sensitivities were "true allergies" mediated by IgE, claiming this fine point was irrelevant to people suffering from non-allergic sensitivities. The turf war waged by allergists and defense expert witnesses during those years also has less relevance today than it once did. Several National Academy of Sciences workshops and Research Councils into Gulf War syndrome have validated the idiosyncratic effect low chemical exposure on sensitized individuals.

Clinical ecology is not a recognized medical specialty. Practitioners have been criticized for tricking mentally ill and suggestible patients into thinking that they were chemically sensitive. Twentieth century critics of clinical ecology charged that multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) had never been clearly defined, no scientifically plausible mechanism has been proposed for it, no diagnostic tests have been substantiated, and not a single case has been scientifically proven. Well-conducted studies establishing the theories and practices of clinical ecology were not found in reviews of evidence supporting its practices by the American Medical Association in 1992, the American College of Physicians in 1989, the Canadian Psychiatric Association, the International Society of Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology in 1993, the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, and more recently by the American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine in 1999.

The development of GMO food and the increased use of herbicides on food crops has resulted in an increased interest in the area of environmental sensitivities. A polarized debate has grown between supporters of the new agri-technology who characterize themselves as rational scientists and opponents as ignorant alarmists. On the other hand, the opponents characterize the supporters as dogmatic industry shills and themselves as critical thinkers and environmentalists. Both groups claim to be the majority opinion, although the only consensus that has weight is within the government organizations that rule on safety. At issue is the non-industry science that characterizes herbicides and the genetically engineered pesticides of GMO crops as endocrine disruptors. That disruption also triggers autoimmune system responses consistent with those observed by clinical ecologists.

title: Clinical ecology


text:
Talk:Two-stroke power valve system

The title of this article should be "2-stroke power valve systems" and not "2-stoke power valve systems". The "r" is missing from the word, "stroke". PM Poon 18:20, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Corrected. For future reference, fixing this sort of thing is what the "move page" operation is for.  See meta:Help:Renaming (moving) a page for instructions.  Zack 18:18, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

Redundancy
The whole 'Basic concept' introduction section is a rehash of material in the two-stroke engine. It should be dropped and the reader should be directed there for a more comprehensive discussion about it.--Hooperbloob 23:13, 12 April 2006 (UTC)

Exhaust Operated
Exhaust Operated powervalves, such as the Rotax RAVE unit found on Skidoos and aftermarket cylinders for Honda's TRX250R (see duncanracing.com, Pro-X cylinders, Eddie Sanders Racing, etc) should be mentioned.RustyATV

title: Talk:Two-stroke power valve system


text:
Talk:Greens Fork, Indiana

Uncited Additions
There was a recent uncited addition to this page. The section highlighting the history of the name of the town has no citation and thus could potentially warrant its removal from the site per wikipedia standards for citing sources. If no source is given the comment will be reverted. chris4682 UTC Feb 26/08 —Preceding comment was added at 09:17, 26 February 2008 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Greens Fork, Indiana


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Gandaki Zone

Gandaki zone (गण्डकी अञ्चल) was one of the fourteen zones of Nepal, located in the Western Development Region. It was named as Sapta Gandaki after the seven tributaries (Kali Gandaki, Trishuli, Budhi Gandaki, Marsyangdi, Madi, Seti Gandaki, and Daraundi) that makes up the Gandaki River. Pokhara served as its regional and zonal headquarter. It was also the birthplace of Bhanubhakta Acharya, first poet of Nepal.

The Gandaki Zone was home to multiple cultures which are unique in themselves. Some, like the Magar and Gurung, have attained fame much like the Gurkha people.

Administrative subdivisions
Gandaki was divided into six districts; since 2015 these districts have been redesignated as part of Gandaki Province.

Annapurna Conservation Area
The Annapurna Conservation Area Project (ACAP), the first and largest conservation area in Nepal, covers 7,629 km2, some 5.8% of the total land area of Nepal. Launched in 1986 as an innovative concept in the protected area management system of the country, the conservation area embraces multiple land use principles of resource management that combine environmental protection with sustainable community development. Traditional subsistence activities are woven into a framework of sound resource management, supplemented by conservation, development and alternative energy programmes to minimize the negative impacts of tourism and enhance the living standards of the local people.

Some of the activities of ACAP:

 * Conservation of resources
 * Community development
 * Tourism management
 * Conservation, education and extension

ACAP is spread over five districts of the Western Development Region of Nepal and covers 55 village development committees (VDCs). ACAP is divided into seven unit conservation offices located in the field - Jomsom, Manang, Lho Manthang in the Northern Program section and Bhujung, Lwang, Sikles and Ghandruk in the Southern Program section. While the focus of Jomsom, Manang and Ghandruk, which are also popular areas for trekking, is on integrated tourism management and agro-pastoralism, the programme priorities for Bhujung, Sikles and Lwang are poverty alleviation and integrated agriculture and livestock development, agro-forestry, and community development respectively.

Each VDC is assigned responsibilities for the management, utilization and protection of all natural resources within their respective territory.

The biological diversity of the Annapurna Region is equally rivaled by its rich cultural diversity. Since the first trekker came to the Annapurna Sanctuary in 1957, the natural and cultural features of ACAP have made it the most popular tourist destination in Nepal, drawing more than 60 per cent of the country's total trekkers. ACAP follows three grass root philosophies: maximum peoples’ participation, sustainability, and its role as a catalyst (facilitator) whereby the local people are involved in all aspects of the conservation and development processes, both as principal actors and prime beneficiaries.

The Annapurna Conservation Area supports a high diversity of flora and fauna species. A total of 1,226 species of plants (including 38 orchid species and 9 Rhododendron species), 101 species of reptiles and 22 species of amphibians have been recorded in the ACA. The area harbors rare and endangered wildlife species such as the Snow Leopard, Musk Deer, Tibetan Argali, Impeyan Pheasant and Tragopan Pheasant. The ACA provides a large protected area with the entire habitat gradient from sub tropical Sal forests to perennial snow in which to maintain the Biodiversity and integrity of the central Himalayas.

Manasalu Conservation Area
Manasalu conservation area is a recently opened trek taking you into the heart of the western Nepal Himalayas. From Gorkha, you trek up the wild Budhi Gandakhi river, through rough gorges slicing between Himachuli (7,890 m). The trails are steep but the sight of the peak of Manaslu (8,156 m) and the trek towards the Larkya La (5,153 m) is worth the effort. After the hike through the pass a steep descent into the Marsyangdi valley follows. Finally, a walk along the river through small villages and then across the river leads you to the magnificent Pokhara valley.

title: Gandaki Zone


text: Talk:Milton, Indiana

title: Talk:Milton, Indiana


text: Talk:Mount Auburn, Indiana

title: Talk:Mount Auburn, Indiana


text: Talk:Spring Grove, Indiana

title: Talk:Spring Grove, Indiana


text:
Talk:Whitewater, Indiana

Photo
The presently included photo is a mystery. It is not identified as having any historical significance. There's not much in Whitewater, but there is an old school whose structure I'm told exists. There ought to be something more relevant than what we see now. Nicmart (talk) 04:33, 1 March 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Whitewater, Indiana


text:
Willys Aero

The Willys Aero was a line of passenger cars manufactured first by Willys-Overland and later by Kaiser-Willys Corporation from 1952 through 1955 in the United States of America. It was also produced in Brazil from 1960 to 1971.

US production
The father of the Aero was Clyde Paton, former engineer for Packard Motor Car Company. The Eagle and Lark models were built from 1952 to 1954. A Wing model was available only in 1952, a Falcon model in 1953, and a taxicab in very limited production in 1953 and 1954. The Ace was the only model built through all U. S. production. 1955 saw two new models, the two- and four-door Ace sedans (renamed Custom shortly into the production run) and two-door hardtop Bermuda. Production in the U.S.A. ended that year as Henry J. Kaiser decided to give up the Kaiser and Willys Aero lines and concentrate solely on Jeeps. A total of 91,377 Aeros were built in Toledo.

Toledo-built models were available with four engine options: the F4-134 Hurricane, the L6-161 Lightning, the F6-161 Hurricane; and, after the Kaiser firm purchased the Willys firm, the L6-226 Super Hurricane from the Kaiser car line. The four-cylinder was used only in Aero Lark and was only exported.

For 1952, the model names Eagle, Wing and Ace were used for cars that had the six-cylinder F-head Hurricane engine and the Aero-Lark had the six-cylinder flathead Lightning engine. All 1952's had a two-piece split windshield. Eagles and Aces had a three-piece wraparound rear window, while the Larks and Wings had a smaller one-piece rear window.

Owners of the 1952 model tended to buy the cars for their good fuel economy. They tended to find acceleration to be 'very good', unsurprising given the cars had the best power-to-weight ratio among US production cars. The primary complaint from two-door owners was the difficulty of access to the rear seat. Many felt the cars cost too much, even if they were a bargain on performance for cost grounds. Floyd Clymer noted the car was quite capable of comfortably cruising at highway speeds of 80–90 miles per hour.

This continued for 1953 except the Wing was dropped and replaced by the Aero-Falcon, which had the six-cylinder Lightning engine. All 1953s were available as two-door or four-door sedans except the Eagle, which was a two-door hardtop. One-piece windshields were given to the Aces and the Eagles, but the Lark and Falcon retained the split windshield. Rear windows remained the same. Export Larks were available with the four-cylinder F-head engine. Dual-range Hydramatic transmissions were bought from GM and were optional in Aces and Eagles beginning in August 1953.

1954 was the most involved year when it came to models: Only the Lark, Ace and Eagle survived. There were some of each model that were re-serialed 1953s with 1954 trim hung on them and then there was the regular run in which some of the Aces and Eagles received the Kaiser Super-Hurricane engine. On the regular run, all Aeros received wraparound one piece windshields and rear windows and a new instrument panel, even the Lark. All 1954s received larger taillights, "hooded" headlight and parking light bezels, and different bumper guards. Nameplates were shuffled slightly on the regular run cars.

After 1955, the model was discontinued, although the tooling was kept in case it could be used overseas. This eventuated when production restarted in Brazil in 1960. The Brazilian government of the time had been interested in encouraging a domestic auto industry.

A 1979 newspaper article in the Toledo Blade commented on an Aero-Lark DeLuxe on a 3,500 mile tour of America, noting that it would make "a perfect 1979 model, with 108-inch wheelbase, all-welded unit body, and 28 mpg combination city and highway. And it meets present federal pollution standards without modification."

With their engine bays sized to fit the Continental straight six, the Aeros have plenty of room for small-block V8 swaps.

Brazilian production
The Aero tooling went to Brazil where, from 1960 to 1971, the Aero, 2600, Itamaraty, and Executivo models were produced. The Willys Aero was sold through Ford do Brasil dealerships until production ceased when the US Ford Maverick replaced the Aero. 116,967 were built. Brazilian models were available only with the F6-161, available in 90, 110, and 132 hp variants.

title: Willys Aero


text:
Lake Chany

Lake Chany (озеро Чаны) is a lake in Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia. The lake extends across five districts of Novosibirsk Oblast: Zdvinsky, Barabinsky, Chanovsky, Kupinsky and Chistoozyorny.

Geography
Lake Chany is one of the largest lakes in Russia. It is located in the Baraba steppe area. The lake is shallow, slightly salty (hyposaline), and has a fluctuating water level, which can change from season to season and year to year. The depth of the lake is mainly 1–2 m, but it can reach 8 m in some places. Lake Chany is connected with the Small Chany (Malye Chany) and Yarkul lakes to the south. North of its northeastern end lies lake Tandovo.

Islands
There are about 70 islands on the lake: Amelkina Griva, Shuldikov, Lezhan, Medvezhy, Colpachok, Chinyaikha, Cheryomukhovy, Uzkoredky, Cheryomushkin, Kobyly, Perekopny, Bekarev, Kalinova, Shipyagin, Krugly, Kolotov, Kamyshny etc.

Climate
Severe storms are frequent on Chany, during a powerful wind, high waves occur on the surface of the lake.

Flora and fauna
A variety of ecosystems that surround the lake include a mixture of wetlands, salt marshes, and a mixture of birch and aspen forests. Lake Chany in particular is critically important for the migratory birds of Siberia, and is listed as a Ramsar Site of International Importance.

Folklore
According to local legend, a giant creature which devours cattle and people lives in the lake.

title: Lake Chany


text:
Picrite basalt

Picrite basalt or picrobasalt is a variety of high-magnesium olivine basalt that is very rich in the mineral olivine. It is dark with yellow-green olivine phenocrysts (20-50%) and black to dark brown pyroxene, mostly augite.

The olivine-rich picrite basalts that occur with the more common tholeiitic basalts of Kīlauea and other volcanoes of the Hawaiian Islands are the result of accumulation of olivine crystals either in a portion of the magma chamber or in a caldera lava lake. The compositions of these rocks are well represented by mixes of olivine and more typical tholeiitic basalt.

The name "picrite" can also be applied to an olivine-rich alkali basalt: such picrite consists largely of phenocrysts of olivine and titanium-rich augite pyroxene with minor plagioclase set in a groundmass of augite and more sodic plagioclase and perhaps analcite and biotite.

More generally the classification of fine grained rocks recognises a group known as 'picritic rocks' that are characterised by high magnesium content and less than 45% SiO2. Having high Mg content they fit in the TAS classification system only at the lowest levels of Si02 and Na2O + K2O. They include picrite, komatiite and meimechite.

Picrites and komatiites are somewhat similar chemically (defined as >18% MgO), but differ in having 1 to 2% total alkalis and <1% total alkalis respectively. Komatiite lavas are products of more magnesium-rich melts, and good examples exhibit the spinifex texture. They are largely restricted to the Archean. In contrast, picrites are magnesium-rich because crystals of olivine have accumulated in more normal melts by magmatic processes.

Picrite basalt is found in the lavas of Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa in Hawaii, Curaçao, in the Piton de la Fournaise volcano on Réunion Island and various other oceanic island volcanoes.

 * Picrite basalt has erupted in historical times from Mauna Loa during the eruptions of 1852 and 1868 (from different flanks of Mauna Loa).
 * Picrite basalt with 30% olivine commonly erupts from the Piton de la Fournaise.

In addition to extrusive occurrences, it also occurs in minor intrusions.

Oceanite
Oceanite is a variety of picritic basalt characterized by its large amounts of olivine phenocrysts and lesser amounts of augite and by having a groundmass of olivine, plagioclase and augite. The term was coined by Antoine Lacroix in 1923 for rare basalts with more than 50% olivine.

Common uses
Olivine basalt is commonly used by foundries, boilermakers and boiler users to protect the area around a burner tip or to protect a floor from molten metal and other slag. Its use in this fashion is appropriate since olivine is a highly refractory, high-melting-temperature mineral.

title: Picrite basalt


text: Talk:Ossian, Indiana

title: Talk:Ossian, Indiana


text: Talk:Poneto, Indiana

title: Talk:Poneto, Indiana


text:
Talk:Uniondale, Indiana

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title: Talk:Uniondale, Indiana


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User talk:Molly ringwald

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. -- user:zanimum

title: User talk:Molly ringwald


text:
North Jutland Region

The North Jutland Region (Region Nordjylland), or in some official sources, the North Denmark Region, is an administrative region of Denmark established on 1 January 2007 as part of the 2007 Danish municipal reform, which abolished the traditional counties (amter) and set up five larger regions. At the same time, smaller municipalities were merged into larger units, cutting the number of municipalities from 271 before 1 January 2006, when Ærø Municipality was created, to 98. North Jutland Region has 11 municipalities. The reform diminished the power of the regional level dramatically in favor of the local level and the central government in Copenhagen.

Geography
The North Jutland Region consists of the former North Jutland County combined with parts of the former Viborg County (the former municipalities of Aalestrup, Hanstholm, Morsø, Sydthy, and Thisted), and the western half of Mariager Municipality (in the former Aarhus County).

Geologically, the region lies in the northern part of Denmark, which is rising because of post-glacial rebound.

Municipalities
The region is subdivided into 11 municipalities:
 * Aalborg
 * Brønderslev
 * Frederikshavn
 * Hjørring
 * Jammerbugt
 * Læsø
 * Mariagerfjord
 * Morsø
 * Rebild
 * Thisted
 * Vesthimmerland

Economy
The gross domestic product (GDP) of the region was €26.1 billion in 2018, accounting for 8.7% of Denmark's economic output. The GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was €33,200 or 110% of the EU27 average in the same year.

Culture and education
One of Denmark's five universities, Aalborg University, is situated in the region. Most of the region's museums are situated in Aalborg such as the Historical Museum of Northern Jutland, KUNSTEN Museum of Modern Art, Musikkens Hus, Utzon Center and Aalborg Zoo.

Regional Council
Each of the five regions of Denmark has a regional council of 41 members. These are elected every four years, during the local elections.

title: North Jutland Region


text:
Talk:Vera Cruz, Indiana

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title: Talk:Vera Cruz, Indiana


text: User talk:83.70.60.232

title: User talk:83.70.60.232


text:
Talk:Indiana Beach

Pictures
I added some pictures from a recent visit. more can be found here: commons:Category:Indiana_Beach%2C_taken_by_Lar ++Lar: t/c 03:27, 30 August 2006 (UTC)

This article needs to be expanded.
This article needs to be expanded. I removed alot of content due to either non-encycoloprdic value or, content that was, copy and pasted from, http://www.indianabeach.com/pages/indianabeach_history. Please do not add copy and pasted text. Thank you.  Planetary Chaos  Talk 19:14, 18 October 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Indiana Beach


text: Talk:Brookston, Indiana

title: Talk:Brookston, Indiana


text: User talk:70.18.162.186

title: User talk:70.18.162.186


text:
Talk:Burnettsville, Indiana

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Talk:Chalmers, Indiana

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Talk:Monon, Indiana

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title: Talk:Monon, Indiana


text:
User:Jordan S

Hello.

title: User:Jordan S


text:
User talk:Jengod/Archive 11

Archive 1 Archive 2 Archive 3 Archive 4 Archive 5 Archive 6 Archive 7 Archive 8 Archive 9 Archive 10

Univision
Hi Jen, hope you don't mind, but I removed the redirect on Univision and made Univisión the redirect. The official network name is Univision.

Lawburrows
Thanks Jen - for the DYK - you encapsulated the article very neatly. FentonR 23:25, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

Jen - Very many thanks for your encouraging remarks. I get a bit lost in all these talk pages etc. I am not sure what you mean by referring my piece to DYK - but do so please. Congratulations on winning your cleaning tools! I confess to a somewhat euphoric feeling encountering this community - can it really be true that we can develop an encyclopedia in such a haphazard way - yet it seems so. I wonder if I shall ever get used to the editing conventions - only hope it's like riding a bike - get some practice then it's easy if you don't think about it too hard. Once again - many thanks fenton 23:59, 14 October 2005 (UTC)- PS - penny just dropped - found WP-DYK - yes I am flattered  - please do so. fenton 00:11, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

Hello Jen, If you suggested that I wiki 'lawburrows' thank you very much. I am still very much at sea in the wiki world, so please forgive my stumbling through. I have tried to sort out lawburrows and would be grateful for any further suggesitons. 81.179.113.207 00:36, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

it appears we are currently working on the same thing, (changing lord baltimore to barons baltimore), right on. Taco325i 16:45, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

dyk
Hi Jen! Thanks for the update to DYK (and letting me know) ... and hello from a fellow southern Californian! Antandrus (talk) 00:45, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

Olympic Boulevard (Etymologies of place names in Los Angeles, California
I read somewhere that Olympic Boulevard was actually renamed in anticipation of a failed bid for the 1928 Olympics (which ended up in Amsterdam), not the 1932 Olympics. Not sure how to confirm. Mike Dillon 06:51, August 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * Here's two references: http://home.comcast.net/~wymanburke/L.A.BikeMarathon.html and http://www.westworld.com/~elson/la/history/street.html (not exactly authoritative) Mike Dillon 06:53, August 29, 2005 (UTC)

DYK
Hi, when you update dyk, please archive the old template.--nixie 00:22, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

Quasi-War
I saw you edited on Quasi-War more than anyone else and I was wondering whether you knew if the US formally declared war on France. I'm trying to make sure I have my facts straight on John Adams' First State of the Union Address. Thanks. freestylefrappe 22:47, September 5, 2005 (UTC)
 * Oh wait...never mind...freestylefrappe 22:51, September 5, 2005 (UTC)

XYZ Affair
I was under the impression their identities were never revealed...Source? freestylefrappe 23:48, 29 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks, this is news to me. When I studied this in 11th grade - my textbook claimed their identities were "unknown to this day". freestylefrappe 16:55, 30 October 2005 (UTC)

Hockney picture
I added Image:Hockney-two-figures-pool.jpg on Copyright_problems. I cannot see any possible fair use justification for a painting by a living painter. Justinc 00:19, 7 September 2005 (UTC)

U.S. state >> United States state
Hi, I was wondering about the rationale/discussion behind the move of several categories from U.S. state >> United States state. The latter, to my ear, sounds very repetitive and clumsy, and I don't think U.S. state is so opaque that a large number of English speakers would be unable to decipher it. Just curious where this came from, and if it could be reverted? jengod 18:40, 15 September 2005 (UTC)

 * All category renaming goes through WP:CFD. The only one I've seen recently is Category:U.S. state insignia → Category:United States state insignia, (archived here) but I assume there were some others?  I can see your point about how akwardness might counterindicate the general preference to expand acronyms.  If you want to change any of them back, you can either make a nomination for un-renaming at WP:CFD, or join the long-term discussion at Naming conventions (categories). Personally, I'm happy with either. -- Beland 04:25, 16 September 2005 (UTC)

Pic of the day
Hi Jengod,

The image Image:First Gold Beam-Beam Collision Events at RHIC at 100 100 GeV c per beam recorded by STAR.jpg you nominated on FPC (in addition to being the longest image file name ever) is due up for Pic of the day on Saturday. As such it will also appear on the main page. If you get a chance, can you check the associated caption at Picture of the day/September 24, 2005. In particular, I wasn't too sure that I had got the credit attribution right. -- Solipsist 06:49, 21 September 2005 (UTC)

US Territorial acquisitions
Thanks for all your work on the article. It looks like you'll soon catch up to me for most revisions. you write well :) Dr U 22:54, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

You have 2 Army friends? Your left-of-center idealogy must make you a softy toward hard-luck cases. Consider yourself to have a 3rd army friend, if you'd like. I enjoyed your Grand Rapids post cards, I once lived there. I too have ancestors from Kent, England. Regards, Ben Dr U 05:06, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

Wikipedia:WikiProject Michigan
Hi, glad to see you found this. I so completely forgot about your Michigan connections when I was inviting folks. Aack. One of my favorite contributors here too. By way of paltry excuses, I've been out of sorts lately having to edit from an old iMac after ruining my laptop, and it really takes some of the pleasure out of editing when I have to struggle with a too small keyboard and a too small monitor and the way that Wikipedia looks really funky in IE 5 an how everything is sooo slooowww. Anyhow, it'll be interesting to see where the Michigan project will go. Cheers. older≠wiser 01:50, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm not really sure where the project will head. I'm certainly not looking for it to impose on anyone. I just know there's lots of little things that could be done and some big ones to and it seemed like a good idea to have a place to help keep track of things. Cheers. older≠wiser 22:13, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

Vic Troy
Thanks for the nice comments...I'm glad you liked the female senators timeline. ;) Vic Troy 20:22, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

Category
D'oh! yes, forgot to add the category... I was working on it as a draft in my userspace before moving it over, and didn't want to put a userspace page in the category, but then forgot. Thankies. :) Bushytails 21:40, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

Stub categories
Hi, please discuss any new stub type you wish to create at WikiProject Stub sorting/Proposals. Normaly any stub type used in less than 50 articles are candidates for deletion (unless there are other good reasons to keep them). This to keep the number of stub types at a managable level. I have listed your new stub templates at WikiProject Stub sorting/Discoveries, you can post comments there. --Sherool 19:29, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

Template:California/Temp
You created Template:California/Temp on 25 May 2005. Is that page still needed, or can it be deleted? Also: For the Calif. Politician articles that you've worked on, there is now California-politician-stub. Blank Verse  ∅  16:12, 21 October 2005 (UTC)

Apostrophes
The rules for apostrophes vary depending on whether the noun is singular or plural. Only if the noun is plural do you look to see if the plural form of the noun ends in an s.

singular
 * bank -> bank's
 * Jengod -> Jengod's
 * Artaxerxes -> Artaxerxes'
 * Roberts -> Roberts's

plural
 * banks -> banks'
 * sheep -> sheep's
 * Reagans -> Reagans'
 * Roberts -> Roberts'

Since you were referring to John Roberts in the singular, he needs an s after the apostrophe.

 * I agree. I was going to change it back, but thought I'd check here first--Elliskev 19:38, 27 October 2005 (UTC)

List of television shows set in Connecticut
Please take a look at Articles for deletion/List of television shows set in Connecticut. Kappa 14:45, 28 October 2005 (UTC)

John Marshall
I just wanted to thank you for doing such great work on this article. It still has some improving to be done, but what you did is such an incredible improvement over what we had before, it defies explanation. Keep it up! --Ryan Delaney talk 01:09, 1 November 2005 (UTC)

WikiProject California State Highways
I don't know if you're aware of what's going on with California State Highways, but it's not real pretty. Take a look at the Pacific Coast Highway article. I took a stab convincing the people who are doing this stuff at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject California State Highways, but I don't think I made much of a dent, and I'm not sure how best to proceed. Advice? Help? -- Mwanner | Talk 14:22, 1 November 2005 (UTC)

Voluntary Wikipedia Questionnaire
Hi Jengod,

My name is Oliver Metz. I am a student at Brent International School, Manila, an International school located in the Philippines. I am doing my last year of school (12th Grade) and I am writing a research paper (about 4000 words) on Wikipedia in ITGS (Information Technology in a Global Society). Of 10 randomly picked people you have been chosen as one. If you are willing and have the time to answer a few questions I would be grateful if you could fill out a short questionnaire of 6 questions.

Some Information about my essay:

My essay topic is about the freedom to collaborate and the usage of the Internet as a tool to do so. I will analyze topics such as Altruism versus Egoism as well as the Product Wikipedia itself.

My Thesis Statement: The Internet is not only a medium for communication, information and marketing but also a place for altruism, collaboration and cooperation. Wikipedia is the product of a voluntary collaborative effort that defies commonly held beliefs about human nature.

If you have any further questions or requests you would like to pose before filling out the questionnaire I'd gladly answer them.

you can write to: taklung@gmx.net (I check this e-mail address regularly)

Questionnaire:

Please answer the following questions by either inserting the answers or sending them to me via e-mail. (*are not necessarily required).

Name*: Age*: Nationality*:

1. How long have you been contributing to Wikipedia?

2. Have you or are you planning to donate money to the Wikipedia cause?

3. When you first heard of Wikipedia and the concepts it is based on, what did you think about it and did you believe it could work? What do you think now?

4. Why do you think people contribute to Wikipedia? With it being voluntary what interests do/did you follow when contributing to Wikipedia?

5. Do you think that Wikipedia appeals to Altruism? If yes, do you think such a thing can exist in our society in which greed and consumption apparently drive the world?

6. What do you think makes Wikipedia most beneficial to society?

Further comments*:

With kind regards,

Oliver Metz --TakLung 23:49, 2 November 2005 (UTC)

Harvard Military School
I note you're the creator of a redirect from Harvard Military School to Harvard-Westlake School. User:Kiwidude has commented on my talk page that he believes this classification is incorrect, and that the former Harvard Military School is not the current Harvard-Westlake School. Perhaps you can resolve this issue…? We need to know because Harvard Military School (or whatever it's called nowadays) ought to be listed in Category:Defunct United States military academies. —Psychonaut 01:42, 7 November 2005 (UTC)
 * yes. please do.Kiwidude 02:28, 7 November 2005 (UTC)

West Los Angeles (region)
I noticed your revert on West Los Angeles (region). Could you help me keep an eye on the edits of 70.33.74.35?. The other day the editor removed Ladera Heights and Baldwin Hills from the West LA article. I know that some people wouldn't include either of those communities as part of West LA, but then many people also wouldn't include the Westchester/LAX area either, but they are listed in the article. Besides, West LA College is right next to both communities, so that sort of gives an "official" stamp on including them.

The same editor also rewrote the South Bay, Los Angeles article the other day, changing it to a much more narrow definition of the South Bay than most people use. On the other hand, they have also done some good editing. There are other edits to some of West LA community articles that I don't have any clue as to whether they are good edits or not, so if you are more knowledgable about that area, some checking of those edits would really be appreciated. Blank Verse 10:57, 17 November 2005 (UTC)

Navajo Nation and People
I noticed that you merged the two articles. A couple of regular editors disagree. Please see the discussion on the talk page of Navajo Nation. We believe that Navajo Nation should be used as an article for the Navajo governmental agency that manages the tribes reservation and resources and that Navajo People or Navajo should be used to describe the history, culture and present day characteristics of this people. I will not have time to revert and shuffle the articles for a couple of days. If you have objections or comments, please leave a note on the discussion page. WBardwin 00:21, 22 November 2005 (UTC)

John Marshall (user page in category)
Very nice bio page for John Marshall! Quick request: could you remove the categories fromUser:Jengod/John Marshall so this user article doesn't show on the categories' pages? Thanks... wknight94 17:32, 27 November 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:Juletre-da-wikipedia.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Juletre-da-wikipedia.jpg. I notice the image page currently doesn't specify who created the image, so the copyright status is therefore unclear. If you have not created the image yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the image on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the image yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the image also doesn't have a copyright tag then you must also add one. If you created/took the picture then you can use GFDL to release it under the GFDL. If you can claim fair use use or fairuse. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other images, please check that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of image pages you have edited by going to "Your contributions" from your user page and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thanks so much. --Agnte 22:42, 29 November 2005 (UTC)

Civil rights history category
Jengod, I put back the Civil rights history category designation in Guy Carawan and Highlander - I'm not sure why you replaced them with other categories. There's no limit on the number of categories an entry can belong to, and both are very important in the Civil Rights movement. I will look for other, perhaps more appropriate categories. I'm not sure why you replaced them rather than just added additional categories. Thanks. Bruxism 21:02, 1 December 2005 (UTC)

History of the Panama Canal
Hi, As someone who's put quite a bit of work into History of the Panama Canal, I appreciate your vote of confidence in it. However, I'm concerned that it's not quite ready to be an FAC — in particular, it hasn't been through peer review (see WP:FAC). I'm worried that if we put it up for FAC now, people will complain that it hasn't been peer reviewed, and it'll get rejected, which looks bad. So of course I'd like to get it to FA status (and all the Panama Canal articles, in fact, which are mostly getting fairly close), but let's do it right, and start with peer review. What do you think? — Johantheghost 13:01, 2 December 2005 (UTC)

Cheers, dude, and I really appreciate the vote of confidence! Actually, the FAC has already resulted in someone else doing some copyediting and fixing those **** references... two jobs I'd been putting off! :-) Still want to find some info on the workers and wages, though.  The workers were well paid, but hard used, and the disparity in pay between black and white was a pretty shocking comment on the standards of the day.  Missing this out — as the article currently does — seems pretty serious to me.  Just can't find hard info as yet.  Johantheghost 11:52, 3 December 2005 (UTC)

Sources for Santa Clara Valley
Hello, good work on Santa Clara Valley, and thanks for the contribution. However, you did not any references to the article. Keeping Wikipedia accurate and verifiable is very important, and as you might be aware there is currently a push to encourage editors to cite the sources they used when adding content. From what websites, books, or other places did you learn the information that you added to Santa Clara Valley? Would it be possible for you to mention them in the article? You can simply add links, or see WP:CITET if you wish to review some of the different citation methods. Thanks! Lupin|talk|popups 22:57, 4 December 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jengod/Archive 11


text:
Talk:Charles Francis Hall

Expedition Facts
A fact check is needed on the story of the expidition. The original information in the article switches the two groups (the ones on the ice flow versus the ones in the boats) when compared against the story at Houghton Mifflin. I don't know enough about the story to verify which is the accurate story.--P Todd 18:29, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

Split Request
Perhaps we should split the section on the Polaris Expedition out into its own article since it deals with other topics and individuals besides Charles Francis Hall.--P Todd 18:44, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

I agree, the Polaris expedition and the surviviors on the ice floe are different stories. Hall is worthy of a story himself.

At odds with Loomis' biography...
Having just finished reading Chauncey C. Loomis' biography of Hall, Wierd and Tragic Shores, I am able to confirm that the fates of the groups of survivors in this article is somewhat jumbled and confused. The order of events given is thus:

i) Under command of Budington after Halls death, Polaris, attempting to make for open water, becomes beset again by ice. The vessel is already leaking badly, and is moored tightly to an ice floe. ii) Polaris drifts with the floe through the pack ice for several weeks her pumps running full time. iii) A storm with gale force winds blows up on October 12th, causing pack ice to be driven against the Polaris, thrusting her partly from the water and damaging her further. iv) Budington orders evacuation of people and supplies onto the ice floe as the Polaris is now severely damaged. v) Some supplies, Tyson, the Inuit guides, all told 19 people were on the floe, along with both of the ships boats when the moorings broke from the floe and Polaris was cast adrift with Budington and the remaining crew. vi)Polaris was swept swiftly away from the floe in the gale, the remaining crew presumably struggling to regain control of her. vii)Polaris was next/last sighted by those one the floe the next day, in the distance proceeding at speed under steam and sail, she did not respond to their attempts to hail her. viii)Several hours after this sighting (Although unaware of it) Budington ran the Polaris aground as she was taking more water than the pumps could handle. ix)Tyson's group on the floe, drifted with it, using the two ship's boats to move to other floes as neccessitated by the floes melting as they drifted south. x)Budington's group wintered where they had run aground, salvaging as much as they could from the ship. xi)Tyson's group were picked up by the Tigress on the date the article indicates. xii)Budingtons group BUILT 2 boats, though it is not especially clear whether this was from timber from the supplies of the Polaris, or from the actual timbers of the Polaris, and sailed away, being picked up by whalers based in Scotland and being taken first to the UK. xiii)Last remains of Polaris washed into sea/sunk by a storm before investigated by relief parties.

Thus paragraph 3 of the section "Polaris Expedition" is accurate, but paragraph 4 in it's entirety is not. The impression is conveyed that these events succeeded the events in the previous paragraph, when in fact they are describing parts of before, after and during the events of the previous paragraph, and thus being discontinuous are confusing. Although each sentence on it's own is accurate, they do not hang together chronologically.

Secondly the article asserts that Loomis' testing showed Hall died of arsenic poisoning. Loomis' words did not seem that definite to me. I beleive he was careful to say that evidence consistent with arsenic poisoning was discovered on analysing the samples. Ergo a high dose of arsenic had been taken by Hall in some fashion. But Loomis' was careful to note that might have been after the original affliction, presumed to have been a stroke by the official enquiry, which still may have been the actual cause of death, even if latterly the arsenic weakened him. Arsenic could have been the primary cause of his death, or maybe just a contributing cause when he was already seriously ill.

 * FWIW, I based the original version of this article primarily on Berton's account. I'd also read the Loomis book some years earlier.  I think the jumbled facts were introduced as an artifact of later edits?   Dr.frog 20:18, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

Loomis' Conclusion on Arsenic
For those of you who saw this in the few minutes between my creating it and editing it, I appologize. I posted with only a cursory read of my source, and this was an error.

Loomis avoids the conclusion of poisoning according to this book review, but Parry points out that Dr. Bessel's treatment of Hall was obviously flawed and that his documented actions were consistent with that of a poisoner. Also, Buddington fell sick not long before the rescue, and Parry asserts that this may have been Bessel's at work again, tying up loose ends.

It seems rather convincing in some respects.

http://www.ric.edu/rpotter/trial.html

Accuracy tag
I've gone over the article carefully, and read the discissions. It's my feeling that the present version of the article is reasonably consistent with the known facts as stated in Loomis, Mowat, and Berton. If anyone feels the tag should stay, I'd be open to hearing an argument, but if there are no objections, I'll remove this tag within the week. Clevelander96 (talk) 22:18, 16 July 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Charles Francis Hall


text:
Spy ship

A spy ship or reconnaissance vessel is a dedicated ship intended to gather intelligence, usually by means of sophisticated electronic eavesdropping. In a wider sense, any ship intended to gather information could be considered a spy ship.

Spy ships are usually controlled by a nation's government, due to the high costs and advanced equipment required. They tend to be parts of the nation's navy, though they may also be operated by secret services.

Naval trawlers masquerade as civilian ships such as fishing trawlers, which could be reasonably expected to remain in a certain area for a long time.

Ships which are used to infiltrate spies or special forces are sometimes also called "spy ships".

History
An early version of what would become known as a spy ship is the United States civilian cargo ship USS Gold Star (AK-12), which made frequent voyages to Japan, China and the Philippines with cargo and passengers during the 1920s and 1930s. Starting in 1933 as a station ship she was assigned to monitor internal Japanese Fleet frequencies and direction finder azimuths. She had three intercept operators and one chief radioman supervised by an officer. Gold Star and ground stations provided significant intelligence before the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941.

Spy ships in the modern sense of being specially built and entirely dedicated to intelligence tasks came into being during the early Cold War, and they are in use by all major powers. Their uses, in addition to listening in on communications and spy on enemy fleet movements, were to monitor nuclear tests and missile launches (especially of potential ICBMs). One of the most important functions for both Cold War spy ship fleets, especially in the 1960s, was the gathering of submarine "signatures" – the patterns of noise that could often identify the specific type of submarine and were thus valuable in anti-submarine warfare. During that era, the United States fielded about 80 vessels, usually classified as "environmental research" craft, while the Soviet Union had around 60 ships, often converted trawlers or hydrographic research ships.

In the late 1980s, the Soviet fisheries fleet was known for having equipped many of their thousands of ships with sophisticated SIGINT and ELINT equipment, thus functioning as auxiliary spy ships tracking western naval vessels and electronic communications (though their main function remained commercial fishing).

Operation

A spy ship usually stays in international waters (or at least outside territorial waters), so as to not violate territorial borders. From there, it will use its electronic equipment to monitor sea and air traffic, radio and radar frequencies and also try to intercept and decrypt coded radio or phone communications. This is mostly done via passive means such as radio receivers or passive sonar. Sometimes however, active measures such as radar or sonar may also be used to detect the movement of aircraft, missiles, ships or other vehicles or troops. However, this risks revealing the ship's purpose.

As it is located much closer to the surveilled area than a fixed installation (given a close by shoreline), the monitoring is usually much more efficient and in some respects better than even that of spy satellites.

Tracking vessels also have some of the capabilities of spy ships, and as they are controlled by their national governments, they are also intermittently used for similar purposes, such as tracking enemy missile tests.

Soviet AGI trawlers
As the United States Navy began deploying ballistic missile submarines in 1960, the Soviet Union attempted to obtain more information about the capabilities of the UGM-27 Polaris missile and the locations of the submarines capable of launching them. While the Soviet Navy requested more sophisticated ships, they were allocated trawlers (called tra-ou-lery) from the fishing fleet equipped with more sophisticated sensors and communication equipment. Very capable crews were assigned to these trawlers of unremarkable appearance. They were assigned to patrol stations off United States naval bases to photograph and report arrival and departure of United States warships and auxiliaries. Other trawlers of similar appearance would patrol weapons firing ranges used by the United States Navy to observe practice firings of modern weapons and record the acoustic and/or electromagnetic signature of the sonar, search radar, fire-control radar, guidance, and/or command electronics of each weapons system. The United States Navy officially designated these trawlers as Auxiliary, General Intelligence or AGI, and they were informally known as "tattletales".

An AGI might be assigned to a single patrol station for as long as six months. These ships were not fast enough to keep up with most warships, but they sometimes congregated around aircraft carriers conducting air operations of the United States Sixth Fleet in the Mediterranean or United States Seventh Fleet in the western Pacific Ocean, or in suspected patrol areas of ballistic missile submarines. After the Cuban Missile Crisis, the Joint Chiefs of Staff authorized a counter AGI program for United States destroyers to come alongside the AGIs to push against them, foul their screws with steel nets, and focus high power electromagnetic transmitters to burn out the amplifying circuitry of their electronic sensors. The AGI crews then revealed their ship-handling skills using superior maneuverability to evade the destroyers' intentions. This jousting in international waters continued until signing of the U.S.–Soviet Incidents at Sea agreement in 1972.

In 1972, as the U.S. and U.K. partners started operating radar station Cobra Mist, it garnered attention from many Soviet spy trawlers. A year later, the radar station was shut down due to interference. The source of the interference was never confirmed and some theories still hold Soviet countermeasures responsible.

List of spy ships

 * Argentine Navy
 * ARA Narwal
 * Chinese Navy:
 * Type 813 spy ship
 * Type 814A spy ship
 * Type 815 spy ship
 * Yuan Wang-class tracking ship
 * Finnish Navy
 * FINNISH SHIP Kustaanmiekka (Decommissioned)
 * French Navy
 * FRENCH SHIP Dupuy de Lôme
 * German Navy
 * Oste-class fleet service ship
 * Indian Navy
 * INS Anvesh**
 * INS Dhruv
 * Italian Navy
 * ITALIAN SHIP Elettra
 * Royal Norwegian Navy
 * Marjata (1992)
 * Marjata (2014)
 * Pakistan Navy
 * PNS Rizwan
 * Polish Navy
 * ORP Nawigator
 * ORP Hydrograf
 * Russian Navy
 * See also: List of active Russian Navy ships
 * Primor'ye-class surveillance ship
 * Balzam-class intelligence ship
 * Yury Ivanov-class intelligence ship
 * Vishnya-class intelligence ship
 * RUSSIAN SHIP Yantar
 * Spanish Navy
 * Alerta
 * Swedish Navy
 * HSWMS Artemis
 * HSWMS Orion (A201)
 * HSWMS Carlskrona (P04)
 * Turkish Navy
 * TCG Ufuk
 * United States Navy:
 * USS Oxford (AGTR-1)
 * USS Georgetown (AGTR-2)
 * USS Jamestown (AGTR-3)
 * USS Belmont (AGTR-4)
 * USS Liberty (AGTR-5)
 * USS Banner (AGER-1)
 * USS Pueblo (AGER-2)
 * USS Palm Beach (AGER-3)
 * USNS Private Jose F. Valdez (T-AG-169)
 * USNS LT. James E. Robinson (T-AG-170)
 * USNS Sgt. Joseph E. Muller (T-AG-171)
 * USS Sphinx (ARL-24)

title: Spy ship


text:
Farahnaz Pahlavi

Farahnaz Pahlavi (born 12 March 1963) is the oldest daughter of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi by his third wife, Farah Diba.

Education
She studied at the Niavaran Special School in Tehran, the Ethel Walker School in Simsbury, Connecticut, United States, and the Cairo American College in Cairo, Egypt. From 1981 to 1982, she attended Bennington College in Bennington, Vermont. She received a Bachelor of Arts in social work from Columbia University in 1986 and a Master's degree in child psychology from the same university in 1990.

According to a 2004 article in the Los Angeles Times, she reportedly attempted to find employment at international aid agencies such as UNICEF, but according to her mother, was then rejected because of her name.

Personal life
Farahnaz never married nor had any children she living with her Family

title: Farahnaz Pahlavi


text: Talk:Reynolds, Indiana

title: Talk:Reynolds, Indiana


text: Talk:Wolcott, Indiana

title: Talk:Wolcott, Indiana


text:
Chany

Chany (Ча́ны) is an urban locality (a work settlement) and the administrative center of Chanovsky District of Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia. Population:

title: Chany


text:
Talk:Churubusco, Indiana

pron
Is the first syllable really pronounced like chair? kwami (talk) 00:29, 5 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Yes. "Chair-uh-bus-koh", with the last "c" more of a guttural g/k than a true "k" sound... although some locals have been known to pronounce it like "cherry-bus-go" Davodd (talk) 19:37, 13 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Thanks. I don't understand what you mean by "gutteral" here (a "g" sound, maybe?), but hopefully fixed the IPA. kwami (talk) 22:50, 13 May 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
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little squarish block on the county map?
What is the little enclosed squarish block at the top-center of the county map? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.32.159.216 (talk) 00:25, 4 November 2020 (UTC)

Claim of Little Turtle connection to Churubusco as supposed birthplace has no facts to back it up.
The following claim moved here from the HIstory section:
 * Turtletown (present-day Churubusco, Indiana) was the birthplace of Little Turtle or "Mihšihkinaahkwa" the great Indiana War Chief and Sagamore of the Miami people.

It is both unsourced and inaccurate, possible vandalism. Churubusco did not gain the moniker "Turtle Town" the mid-20th Century, well after Little Turtle's death. - Davodd (talk) 23:15, 7 April 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Churubusco, Indiana


text:
Talk:Larwill, Indiana

External links modified
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title: Talk:Larwill, Indiana


text: Talk:South Whitley, Indiana

title: Talk:South Whitley, Indiana


text:
Long-eared hedgehog

The long-eared hedgehog (Hemiechinus auritus) is a species of hedgehog native to Central Asian countries and some countries of the Middle East. The long-eared hedgehog lives in burrows that it either makes or finds and is distinguished by its long ears. It is considered one of the smallest Middle Eastern hedgehogs. This hedgehog is insectivorous but may also feed on small vertebrates and plants. In captivity they can live for over 7 years.

Since the long-eared hedgehog is naturally parasite prone and can carry diseases as bad as plague, it is highly recommended that, if kept as a pet, it should be purchased from a respected dealer. Wild hedgehogs have been found to carry Rhipicephalus sanguineus, the brown dog tick, which can transmit Boutonneuse fever.

Description
The length of the head and body of the long-eared hedgehog is approximately 120–270 mm, and the tail is 10–50 mm long. The skull is about 38–48 mm long. Unlike other species the pterygoids of the skull do not inflate and they do not relay information to the tympanic membrane. The ears of this hedgehog are 30–45 mm longer than the closest spine. They are used for heat radiation in the desert. Long-eared hedgehogs have great senses of hearing and smell that they use to hunt out food and detect predators. The long-eared hedgehog's spines are embedded in a unique muscle sheath that forms a bag-like structure which acts as protection for the hedgehog. They can withdraw into this pouch and erect their spines out to fend off predators if need be. The dorsal spines are white on the tip with darker banding below. They do not have dark and light areas on their faces. Also they do not have a gap of spines on the back of their necks that is common to other species of hedgehogs. The long-eared hedgehog has a light-colored underside along with whitish hairs on the tips of their ears. The tops and heels of their feet are covered with hair but the soles are bare.

The long-eared hedgehog is smaller than the West European hedgehog; it weighs between 250–400 grams, and is much faster. It is less likely to curl up in a ball when approached by predators and will rather try and outrun or leap at predators with their relatively short needles.

Diet
The long-eared hedgehog is an insectivore; 70% of its diet consists of insects, with some worms and a tiny amount of slugs and snails. The idea that these animals eat only slugs and snails is a myth; this type of food makes up only about 5% of their natural diet. The breakdown of a wild hedgehog's diet is as follows: 30% beetles, 25% caterpillars, 11% earthworms, 10% bird eggs, 5% mammal meat, 5% slugs and snails, 3% millipedes, 3% earwigs, 2% bees, 1% bird meat and 5% that has been undefined by researchers. This diet breakdown is not specific to Hemiechinus auritus but a generalization about most hedgehog species.

More specific to this species, Hemiechinus auritus is an insectivore that forages in the early evening looking for insects (such as grasshoppers and beetles), myriapods, gastropods, batrachians (amphibians), small vertebrates (such as lizards), eggs, fruits and plants. It may even eat snakes or other vertebrates by curling up to protect its underside as it eats the struggling prey. They prefer to live near a water source. However, if this is not available they depend on their food source for their water intake The long-eared hedgehog is active throughout much of the year and hibernates for shorter periods of time. The longest reported hibernation is 40 days. This hibernation may come in the summer or the winter. Also this hedgehog will travel up to 9 km during the night in search of food.

Predators
The long-eared hedgehog is hunted by the Eurasian eagle owl and makes up about 14% of the predatory birds' diet. It has been reported as prey for the Pharaoh eagle owl in the Azraq Nature Reserve in Jordan. The Long-eared hedgehog is a host of the Acanthocephalan intestinal parasite Moniliformis cryptosaudi and Pachysentis ehrenbergi in South Sinai, Egypt.

Distribution and habitat
Hemiechinus auritus has a range that extends from the eastern Mediterranean region, through the arid and steppe areas of Asia to western Pakistan in the south; and from eastern Ukraine through Mongolia (Gobi desert), to China (Xinjiang). This species is native to the following countries: Afghanistan, China, Cyprus, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Libya, Mongolia, Pakistan, Russia, Syria, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan.

The long-eared hedgehog prefers to stay in intermediate climates, avoiding the hot desert and the northern colder mountain areas. They also prefer areas with moderate rainfall of 100–400 mm.

The long-eared hedgehog inhabits a few different types of dry steppes, semi-deserts, and deserts. It prefers dry river valleys, gullies, forest shelter belts, abandoned irrigation ditches and shrubby areas, and often settles in oases and around human settlements (sometimes in cultivated habitats). They live in burrows that they dig under bushes with a length of 45 cm long with only one opening. They may also inhabit abandoned burrows of other small mammals. They are nocturnal solitary hedgehogs. During the day they are found resting under rocks, hollows or rock piles.

Reproduction
The long-eared hedgehog only breeds once a year in the summer months of July through September. The presence of spines does not inhibit this species ability to reproduce. Long-eared hedgehogs gestation period is 35–42 days. The female has 8–10 nipples and often has 2–3 babies. After just one week the babies start eating solid food. They are born with very few spines and within five hours after birth the spines have doubled in size. After two weeks the babies are fully covered with their new spines.

Impact
Long eared hedgehogs can be agriculturally beneficial since they eat harmful organisms like termites and scorpions. They are not found to damage crops since they live in areas that are mostly waste land and desert.

title: Long-eared hedgehog


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Environmental medicine

Environmental medicine is a multidisciplinary field involving medicine, environmental science, chemistry and others, overlapping with environmental pathology. It can be viewed as the medical branch of the broader field of environmental health. The scope of this field involves studying the interactions between environment and human health, and the role of the environment in causing or mediating disease. This specialist field of study developed after the realisation that health is more widely and dramatically affected by environmental factors than previously recognized.

Environmental factors in the causation of environmental diseases can be classified into:
 * Physical
 * Chemical
 * Biological
 * Social (including Psychological and Culture variables)
 * Ergonomic
 * Safety
 * Any combination of the above

In the United States, the American College of Preventive Medicine oversees board certification of physicians in Occupational and Environmental Medicine.

Current focuses of environmental medicine
While environmental medicine is a broad field, some of the currently prominent issues include:
 * The effects of ozone depletion and the resulting increase in UV radiation on humans with regards to skin cancer.
 * The effects of nuclear accidents or the effects of a terrorist dirty bomb attack and the resulting effects of radioactive material and radiation on humans.
 * The effects of chemicals on humans, such as dioxin, especially with regards to developmental effects and cancer. Others include PFOA/PFAS.
 * Plastic pollution from Microplastics and Nanoplastics
 * Radon gas exposure in individuals' homes.
 * Air and water pollution on the health of individuals.
 * Mercury poisoning and exposure to humans through including fish and sea life in their diet.
 * Lead poisoning from leaded gasoline, paint, and plumbing.
 * Water-borne diseases
 * Food poisoning
 * Indoor air quality

According to recent estimates, about 5 to 10% of disability-adjusted life years (DALY) lost are due to environmental causes. By far, the most important factor is fine particulate matter pollution in urban air.

Scope of environmental medicine
Environmental medicine is concerned primarily with prevention. Food-borne infections or infections that are water-borne (e.g. cholera and gastroenteritis caused by norovirus or campylobacteria) are typical concerns of environmental medicine, but some opinions in the fields of microbiology hold that the viruses, bacteria and fungi that they study are not within the scope of environmental medicine if the spread of infection is directly from human to human. Much of epidemiology, which studies patterns of disease and injury, is not within the scope of environmental medicine, but e.g. air pollution epidemiology is a highly active branch of environmental health and environmental medicine. Any disease with a large genetic component usually falls outside the scope of environmental medicine, but in diseases like asthma or allergies both environmental and genetic approaches are needed.

Military "environmental medicine"
The U.S. Army has, since at least 1961, used the term "environmental medicine" in a sense different from the above. Its U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, at Natick, Massachusetts, conducts basic and applied research to determine how exposure to extreme heat, severe cold, high terrestrial altitude, military occupational tasks, physical training, deployment operations, and nutritional factors affect the health and performance of military personnel. Research on the effect of environmental pollutants on military personnel is not part of USARIEM's mission, but is within the purview of the U.S. Army Center for Environmental Health Research at Fort Detrick, Maryland.

title: Environmental medicine


text: User:Sсhneelocke

title: User:Sсhneelocke


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Stanley Christopherson

Stanley Christopherson (11 November 1861 – 6 April 1949) was an English amateur cricketer and cricket administrator most notable for having been President of the Marylebone Cricket Club from 1939 to 1946. He played first-class cricket mainly for Kent County Cricket Club and made one Test cricket appearance for England in 1884. He was one of ten brothers who all played cricket in Kent.

Early life
Christopherson was born in Kidbrooke in Blackheath, Kent in 1861. He attended Uppingham School where he was a promising bowler in the Cricket XI.

Career in cricket
His first-class cricket debut was made for Kent in 1883 and he appeared 50 times for the county, mainly between 1883 and 1887. He was considered "one of the best fast bowlers" of the 1880s, performing particularly well in 1884 when he played for the Gentlemen against the Players and for England against the touring Australian Test side and won his county cap. In the same year he played against the Australians for the Gentlemen, taking 8/78, and for Kent, taking 3/12 in 19 overs.

An arm injury in 1886 meant that he played little top-class cricket after 1887, although he made his final Kent appearances in 1890. He and his nine brothers played as a team on Blackheath for several seasons with their father making up the final team member. Only one brother, Percy played first-class cricket, making one appearance alongside Stanley for Kent in 1887. Percy also played rugby union, representing England twice, whilst Stanley played hockey for England. His grandson, Ian Akers-Douglas, captained Kent briefly in the 1930s.

Christopherson was President of the Marylebone Cricket Club between 1939 and 1946, the longest period anyone has held the office. From 1943 to 1945 he was also temporary chairman of the Midland Bank. He died in a nursing home in St John's Wood, London in 1948 aged 87, the last surviving Christopherson brother.

title: Stanley Christopherson