text:
Talk:LGBT rights in Saudi Arabia

Criminal code
In additional to the advisory opinion (from the 1920s) two royal decrees also touch upon the subject of homosexuality directly. They should probably be mentioned in the section on the criminal code. The two that come to mind would be;

 * Rules of Apprehension, Temporary Custody& Precautionary Detention Regulation
 * The Executive Regulation of the Law of the Commission for the Promotion of Virtue and Prevention of Vice

I am not entirely sure how to sign this, but its TomJeffersonIII

HIV/AIDs
Why is there an HIV/AIDs section on a page titled LGBT rights in Saudi Arabia? shouldn't that warrent its own page considering most people with HIV/AIDs in Saudi Arabia probably aren't LGBT? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Play10000 (talk • contribs) 22:45, 10 June 2011 (UTC)
 * I have to agree. I can see why the author wanted to include HIV/AIDS in this article, given the stigma regarding HIV/AIDS associated with the LGBT community. However, the majority of the information in this section does not appear related to LGBT rights, so I would suggest either removing it completely or greatly reducing the length/focus of it. Fred.Pendleton (talk) 19:29, 6 February 2012 (UTC)

In the 1980s/1990s, the pandemic was certainly associated with male homosexuality in the Kingdom. Certainly, associated in the mind of the government and the general public. At least one of the laws concerning AIDS was based on this assumption and about the only time that the Saudi press could say something nice about gay people, was in terms of a celebrity dying of AIDS/HIV. unsigned comment added by 74.127.166.57 (talk) 20:31, 4 February 2015 (UTC)

Untitled
Gosh this page needs a lot of work! I hope I eliminated some of the outright misinformation. Why the heck is censorship and the prohibition of nightclubs discussed here? Are they gay issues? The police also raid heterosexual parties. Why is the US Don't Ask, don't tell policy' mentioned here? Is that related to Saudi Arabia? Why are conditions on Camp mentioned? Would that not be better in the WikiTravel tour guide? I am not happy with this at all. Paul, in Saudi 18:30, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

TomJeffersonIII says (with great wisdom) one aspect of the government's censorship has been on how LGBT themes were allowed to talked about and in what context. That's just in printed media. With the Internet the government has blocked access to certain webpages because they advocated gay rights (largely by dumping it into the same category as pornography). Having lived/worked in Saudi Arabia -- albeit some time ago -- "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" was not a terribly inaccurate way to describe the social situation (at least for the middle class -- which was pretty multi-ethnic/national). You sort of hoped -- given the legal circumstances -- that your boss "didn't ask" and you certainly understood that you better not "tell". — Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.127.166.57 (talk) 20:38, 4 February 2015 (UTC)

Deleted Text
(Just to make things easier, I will toss the stuff I am cutting here. If anyone want to discuss my edits this makes it easier.) Paul, in Saudi 05:40, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Movie theaters and nightclubs are prohibited, but theaters are allowed on the Aramco compounds albeit any films shown are censored and available long after they have been released in America or Western Europe. Westerns often prefer to use the theatre for the exhibition of local musicans, plays, and artists. It is unlikely that the production of plays is subject to any offical censorship board as many of the comedy plays often make jokes about American politicians and even include characters that cross-dressed.

 * Satellite television is illegal, but the rule is generally ignored and thus members of the middle class can gain access to less censored Arabic and English news and entertainment, although the Saudi government has been known to jam the signal when satellite programming includes criticism of the Saudi royal family. The satellight programming does not appear to censor television sitcomes that make refence to homosexuality, although popular American shows such as Will & Grace and Queer as Folk, with more explict homosexuals themes, have not aired.

 * Middle-class foreigners living on an Aramco compound are likely to find the atmosphere more relaxed with a unofficial policy of tolerance provided that gay employees maintain a public image of confirmed bachelors, and keep their homosexual behavior in private homes, and do not involve Saudi citizens, married adults or minors.

 * .

 * rganization is permitted to exist. The underground Green Party of Saudi Arabia is the only political organization in Saudi Arabia that supports gay rights. Forigners should not expect assistance from their country of origin if they are arrested for homosexuality. Informal and discreet social networks do exist, but are subject to police harassment and arrest. Due to the Islamic mores that require the segregation of the sexes, foreigners will notice a degree of situational bisexuality.

Expat Gay and Lesbian Community

 * Middle class gay and lesbian westerners living on an Aramco compound will generally be able to avoid harassment if they present a public image of heterosexuality or assexuality, avoid relationships with minors, married adults or with Saudi citizens. On the private Aramco compiunds, the local law enforcement operates under slightly more relaxed rules then the rest of the nation and will be willing to ignore the private lives of employees as long as their is suffient plausible denibilty to do so.  However, the Aramco Oil company has no non-discrimination policy, and thus the unwritten policy amounts to something similar to Don't Ask, Don't Tell.

 * Gay women, are likely to be even more invisible then gay men due to the restrictions placed on women in the kingdom.  Like gay men, they shall be treated as bachelors, but will not be allowed to drive off the Aramco compound.  While all the reports on punishment for homosexuality have involved men, female homosexuality is certainly equally illegal and gay would should take the same precautions as gay or bisexual men.

I deleted the above section (again, I think). It is not accurate, it is not relevant, it is not wise. 1) It is not accurate. Westerners on non-Aramco compounds have much the same life as on Aramco compounds. The main Aramco compound is called 'Camp,' by the way. How about non-Western Gays? Do they count? Is the Wiki a Westerner-only source? 2) It is not relevant. This mentioning of 'Don't ask, don't tell' has nothing to do with the subject at hand. (Why is it bolded?) 3. It is not wise. Drawing attention to the Gay/Lesbian lifestyle in Saudi Arabia may put people's lives at risk. Why do it? Paul, in Saudi 17:53, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

Slow Motion Revert War!
OK, I deleted the above again. Micahbrwn added it back again with no comments. He does not seem to read his talk page.

Look, I live in Saudi Arabia. I am writing this in Saudi Arabia. I know of what I speak. Will & Grace airs here. I like the show. There is no reputable evidence the Saudi government does (or can) censor satellite TV. Saying otherwise is simply false.

There are a number of Gay communities here. They are generally segregated by nationality. I deleted the mention of them (again) out of a simply desire that we keep people safe and out of jail.

Look, maybe I am wrong to delete the section on Aramco, but can we at least discuss it? Paul, in Saudi 04:55, 31 October 2005 (UTC)

Removal of Falacious and Prejudiced Information
I removed the following from the Saudi gay and lesbian community section:

 * Officially, there are no LGBT Saudi citizens because all citizens are Muslim and homosexuality and cross-dressing are judged to be against the teachings of Islam. Instead there are only criminals, mostly foreigners, who engage in such immoral activities and thus the only public acknowledgment of LGBT people in the kingdom are new reports about people being punished for specific acts.

This entire paragraph appears to be falacious and based on superstitious and prejudiced beliefs. Not all citizens of Saudi Arabia are Muslim. Only in the government's eyes are there no LGBT citizens. Homosexuality and "cross-dressing" (i.e., transgenderism) are only judged by some people to be against the teachings of Islam; many Islams do not subscribe to this belief. The entire final sentence is rubbish on its face, clearly the work of someone with a homophobic agenda.

Cory Fryling 00:53, 27 April 2007 (UTC)
 * It seems to me you misunderstand the paragraph. To me, it is saying the same thing as you. YOMAL SIDOROFF-BIARMSKII (talk) 08:40, 31 December 2013 (UTC)

Dispute with anon editor
The thing below was posted on my talk page. (I rvted his edit with the summary: 209.50.138.253 I am using reliable sources. If you have reliable source contradicting this we can put both in the article. journalists/writers Whitaker, Bradley, Lobi, and Lacey all have spent a lot of time in Saudi) --BoogaLouie (talk) 20:12, 20 January 2015 (UTC)

Don't change back sources on the LGBT RIGHTS IN Saudi Arabia page
The author you spoke of never actually visited in Saudi Arabia and I've consulted with people who lives there and tells me that homosexuality doesn't exist, the amount of homosexuals there are so low that it's basically non-exisitant. I'm giving you one more warning if you undo my edit one ore time I'll report you for starting an edit war. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 209.50.138.253 (talk) 19:54, 20 January 2015 (UTC)

Yet another
Another revert by 209.50.138.253 --BoogaLouie (talk) 01:09, 5 February 2015 (UTC) Prove that they were in Saudi Arabia anyone can just make up that they went there an "interviewed" these people. Especially because they're all Iranian and Americans, not actually from a Saudi news-person. How do we know they're legit? They could easily just be pushing their lifestyle choice? And I actually have a friend named (redacted) (an real married Saudi women) and she tells me that she hasn't experienced any homosexuals in Saudi Arabia. Ask her yourself at (redacted). Tell her that Jacob (me) told you to ask her.

Above comment by - I have redacted a link to twitter that could give away the real identity of a user (OUTING) and doesn't make a relaible source (WP:RS). -- Aronzak (talk) 11:34, 1 May 2015 (UTC)

Yet another
I reverted a similar edit, again by 209.50.138.253. The information is sourced, the proposed edit has no reliable sourcing to suggest the information is false. Joseph2302 (talk) 18:56, 10 February 2015 (UTC)

 * Comment the IP user may have a point - WP:CHERRYPICKING means that quotes from a gay person saying that think they can hide their non-marital same-sex relationships more easily than opposite gender non-marital relationships should include the comment that opposite-gender couples can get married to avoid scrutiny. The Atlantic seems to be a decent source, though the nuance in the source may not be properly conveyed in the contested material. -- Aronzak (talk) 11:37, 1 May 2015 (UTC)

Leave this edit
I removed some of the info about lgbt living conditions because the info gives a false impression of acceptance which can put gays in danger in Saudi Arabia. Do you want them to be safe? If you revert it, people will incorrectly think it's safe to be openly gay and they could get tortured, castrated, arrested, fined or executed for it. Leave it alone for their safety. Above comment by

Note, discussion on

Will comment above -- Aronzak (talk) 11:27, 1 May 2015 (UTC)

Current dispute
I do a lot of dispute resolution and happened to see this listed at both Third Opinion and Dispute Resolution Noticeboard. A request for dispute resolution was declined in both places for inadequate discussion here on the article talk page. I don't want to either participate in the discussion here or provide dispute resolution services, but part of the problem needs to be addressed, mainly to 64.121.83.151 (and this also applies to your removals of sourced material over at Culture of Saudi Arabia). The problem is that most of the arguments that you have advanced so far are meaningless for Wikipedia purposes, as well-established in Wikipedia policy, guidelines, and practice, and thus go in one ear and out the other for experienced editors:
 * The idea that material ought to be removed because it could be harmful to someone. Wikipedia is not censored. If material is verifiable and does not give undue weight to a subject matter (and various other things, like not being a copyright and not being libelous), it can be included even if it is offensive or dangerous information. That is a principle which has been reaffirmed again and again and again here.
 * The idea that material is wrong, inaccurate, or should be removed because it disagrees with your personal experience. Wikipedia includes material if it is verifiable through reliable sources (that's the threshold for inclusion, other factors such as undue weight and the other things I mentioned above may then kick into play). If other material which is verifiable through reliable sources contradicts that material, we include both positions and note the conflict between them without attempting to resolve it. But your personal experience is not a reliable source and counts for nothing except, perhaps, to motivate you to find reliable sources as defined by Wikipedia which confirm your personal experience.

I presume that you're not the same person as 209.50.138.253 who edited this page back in January, so I won't comment on some points raised by that editor which are equally meaningless for Wikipedia purposes (especially the idea a source is not reliable because of the speculation that there's no proof that the author ever visited Saudi Arabia).

Understand that I'm not here to grind an axe or take sides (indeed, if you'll check my user page you'll see that I'm a LGBTQ straight ally), I just want to point out that part of the reason you're not receiving much of a response here is that your expressed concerns just don't mean much of anything by Wikipedia standards. The reasons material gets removed or excluded here are many, but the main ones are (a) it's unsourced, (b) the sources cited are not reliable sources as defined by Wikipedia, (c) the sources are reliable but do not clearly reflect, without prohibited original research or synthesis, the material that they're cited to support, (d) they give undue weight to a very minor point or fringe position, or (e) they violate one of those policies about copyright or libel or the like. If you believe that the material shouldn't be here, you're going to need to find some reason other than the ones you're offering at this time. Regards, TransporterMan  ( TALK ) 15:11, 1 May 2015 (UTC) PS: Please sign your talk page posts with four tildes: ~. Otherwise it's very difficult to decide whether comments here belong to one editor or another without digging into the page history. Putting up that barrier to comprehension just weakens your arguments that much more. Better yet, create an account and only edit signed in and sign your posts with the four tildes; that way if your IP address changes we can be sure who's saying what. — TM 15:15, 1 May 2015 (UTC)

 * TransporterMan, from what I see, the IP is a WP:Disruptive editor, and this article needs to be WP:Semi-protected. This edit by the IP is unacceptable per what you have stated above, and the IP has been blocked before for WP:Disruptive editing, and has disrupted this article under a different IP address. As seen here (while this person was using a different IP address), this person was reverted by Roscelese, was reverted here by Randykitty, here by Brisvegas, and here by me. Enough is enough. There is nothing to debate, since the IP is not basing his or her edits in any Wikipedia policy or guideline and is editing from personal opinion. Flyer22 (talk) 22:42, 1 May 2015 (UTC)

 * The IP has been blocked for a year for block evasion. Regards, TransporterMan  ( TALK ) 21:27, 2 May 2015 (UTC)

Under the "PENALTY" section in the box the following is stated: "If convicted twice, you will be executed. Vigilante executions are very common as well".

The citation given for these two statements is:

http://www.executedtoday.com/2011/03/13/2005-a-gay-couple-in-saudi-arabia/

However, the article says the following:

"RIYADH—A gay couple was beaded in a public execution Sunday [March 13, 2005] in Saudi Arabia after being convicted of killing a blackmailer."

The article asserts they MAY have been killed for being gay, but that was not the crime they were convicted and killed for. It does not reference the "two strikes and your out" statement it is being cited for and it does not contain evidence of vigilante killings.

Please not I am not suggesting the two statements (two strikes / vigilante) are wrong, but I am suggesting that citation is not apt in this case. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.113.205.167 (talk) 01:22, 24 August 2015 (UTC)

check the surce
in this section "Penalty: Fines, floggings, prison time up to life, torture, chemical castrations," does it say LGBT act is punished or he talking about "sexual predators " i am gonna delete any thing without reliable source --Mojackjutaily (talk) 22:50, 29 September 2017 (UTC)

First of all, this source http://www.executedtoday.com is not trusted, second: its say they were beheaded because they killed someone not because they are gay. --Mojackjutaily (talk) 22:56, 29 September 2017 (UTC)

Chemical castration
This edit added chemical catration, amongst many other things. However the source is this, which does not seem to be concerned with LGBT rights and is, in any case, just reporting the view of one "Saudi scholar" Saud Bin Abdullah Al Fanisan? Martinevans123 (talk) 11:04, 15 October 2017 (UTC)
 * i deleted the edit, one of the source is not working(PDF) while the other talked about one man Opinion not Saudi Arabia law. And he is talking about "sexual offenders" not gays .--Mojackjutaily (talk) 07:53, 3 November 2017 (UTC)

Uncited, Outdated or Irrelevant Information
Changed the following:

Removed "beatings, torture, vigilante attacks, chemical castrations"

Reason: Due to not being mentioned in the cited sources. Please source this information properly if it is correct.

Changed: "A gay Saudi diplomat named Ali Ahmad Asseri applied for asylum in the United States after the Saudi government discovered his sexuality."

to: "A gay Saudi diplomat named Ali Ahmad Asseri applied for asylum in the United States after he claimed the Saudi government discovered his sexuality."

Explanation: Added "he claimed" due to not being corroborated by other information in the article. Article also uses "he claimed"

Removed: "Even government officials are not immune from criminal sanctions"

Reason: Editorializing.

Removed: "Flagellation, Whipping"

Reason: Outdated information. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-rights-flogging-idUSKCN2262VT Italic text

Removed: "People convicted twice face automatic execution."

Reason: Due to not being mentioned in the cited source. Please source this information properly if it is correct.

Removed: "Insulting Saudi royalty could itself be an offense punishable by death."

Reason: Irrelevant to an article about LGBT rights. Add this to the Human Rights in Saudi Arabia page.

Removed: "In 2001, the Saudi government established formal criminal procedure rules, although many courts have been slow to adopt the rules."

Reason: Due to not being mentioned in the cited sources. Please source this information properly if it is correct.

Removed: "In 2010, a 27-year-old Saudi man was sentenced to five years in prison, 500 lashes of the whip, and a SR50,000 fine after appearing in an amateur gay video online allegedly taken inside a Jeddah prison. According to an unnamed government source, 'The District Court sentenced the accused in a homosexuality case that was referred to it by the CPVPV (the Hai'a) in Jeddah before he was tried for impersonating a security man and behaving shamefully and with conduct violating the Islamic teachings.' The case started when the Hai'a's staff arrested the man under charges of practicing homosexuality. He was referred to the Bureau for Investigation and Prosecution, which referred him to the District Court."

Reason: Uncited information.

Removed: "During this government crackdown on homosexuality, the CPVPV was permitted to make certain high-profile arrests."

Reason: Uncited information.

Removed: "In 2019, Saudi Arabia had a mass execution of 37 men who were generally accused of espionage or terrorism for Iran. Five of these men were additionally accused of having had sex with each other. "

Reason: lgbtqnation.com is not a reputable journalistic institution. Please cite reputable sources as according to Wikipedia rules.

Removed: "In November 2019, two gay journalists from Saudi Arabia fled their home country, after interrogations and facing threats of being publicly outed. However, the pair was detained in Australia on 15 November, while they attempted to seek asylum. The men alleged of being intimidated by guards, threatened with violence by other detainees and witnessing excessive use of drugs among them in the Australian detention centre. "

Reason: StarObserver.com.au is not a reputable journalistic institution. Please cite reputable sources as according to Wikipedia rules.

Please discuss here if you have any issues with what I have changed. Salmanov123 (talk) 13:27, 16 October 2020 (UTC)

Position of sources
It's unclear why some legal penalties have supporting sources on the infobox and others have sources in the lead section. Unless the claims are disputed, all penalties should be supported by sources just in the main body of the article? Thanks. Martinevans123 (talk) 15:45, 24 July 2021 (UTC)

"beatings, vigilante attacks, vigilante executions"
I removed "beatings, vigilante attacks, vigilante executions" here as they did not appear to be supported by The Independent source. This was reverted here with the edit summary "source: independant.co article listed afterwards". How does that source support these three claims? This applies to both the first para and the infobox. I have not yet checked the article main body (where they should also appear sourced, of course). Thanks. Martinevans123 (talk) 11:57, 24 May 2022 (UTC)

 * See the new sources, including one from The Times where a gay Saudi is afraid of "vigilante reprisal attacks" for being gay. Lmharding (talk) 08:05, 9 July 2022 (UTC)
 * There are three different sources that reference The Times. I assume you mean this one about Julian Assange. It says: "In one instance, the group identified a Saudi citizen arrested for being gay as part of a leak of 120,000 files from Saudi Arabia’s foreign ministry. Rights groups fear that he is at risk of vigilante reprisal attacks and could face harsher treatment in the kingdom, where same-sex relations are punished with long jail terms and in some cases execution." So which are these unnamed "rights group"? How do we know if their fears are well-founded or irrational? Again, no record of any actual instance of any "vigilante attack." Martinevans123 (talk) 08:12, 9 July 2022 (UTC)
 * So I have removed that source, as not providing any real support It's just general second-hand hearsay. Martinevans123 (talk) 08:51, 9 July 2022 (UTC)

Reforms
Saudi Arabia saying everyone is welcome is not apart of the reforms, they have always said that, Qatar also says that, and there wasn’t a public abandonment of Hijab. Sternayuhu (talk) 22:32, 9 October 2023 (UTC)

 * The cited article provides stories of women not wearing the hijab in public and opting for slightly less-conservative forms of dress instead. Are you saying it's totally untrue? AntiDionysius (talk) 22:39, 9 October 2023 (UTC)
 * First of the all the article talks about the Abaya not Hijab and there was no public abandonment on the abaya either. Sternayuhu (talk) 22:45, 9 October 2023 (UTC)
 * OK - but while I think the text as is might be a bit badly worded, the article discusses women wearing forms of dress less conservative than both the hijab and the abaya. Unless there's some reason to believe the article is all totally incorrect, it is notable. AntiDionysius (talk) 22:47, 9 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Most Saudi Women wear Hijab so what is the public abandonment? Was there a new decree? the article is incorrect same for the wording of it Sternayuhu (talk) 22:52, 9 October 2023 (UTC)
 * What's your reason to believe the Wall Street Journal article is incorrect? AntiDionysius (talk) 22:54, 9 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Because it has no basis Sternayuhu (talk) 23:00, 9 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Could you explain that a bit more? AntiDionysius (talk) 23:02, 9 October 2023 (UTC)
 * You can tell from the way it’s titled. Sternayuhu (talk) 23:05, 9 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Okay. I hope you can understand that one user saying "you can tell it has no basis from the title" is not a good enough reason to remove information from a reliable source. AntiDionysius (talk) 23:08, 9 October 2023 (UTC)
 * The whole mention of improvement of women’s rights is irrelevant because Saudi has always claimed everyone is welcomed so has Qatar. Sternayuhu (talk) 23:06, 9 October 2023 (UTC)

Gender identity, living conditions sections.
I’m not sure how a transgender person committing suicide has anything to do with the country’s law around it and there isn’t any proof Transgender Pakistanis were received. And no one would believe the laws encourage homosexuality. Sternayuhu (talk) 22:37, 9 October 2023 (UTC)

 * The text of the article does not say the law "encourages homosexuality". It also does not say, as your edit summary implies, that the law is "rarely enforced". It just says that it's "not always enforced". The source that follows that sentence supports that claim. AntiDionysius (talk) 22:52, 9 October 2023 (UTC)
 * It says some people would think the laws encourage homosexuality, how when homosexuality is illegal? Sternayuhu (talk) 23:02, 9 October 2023 (UTC)
 * That wasn't the portion you removed, though. AntiDionysius (talk) 23:09, 9 October 2023 (UTC)
 * It was Sternayuhu (talk) 23:16, 9 October 2023 (UTC)
 * You removed the clause "though these laws are not always enforced" from the lead. AntiDionysius (talk) 23:17, 9 October 2023 (UTC)
 * The death penalty is not always enforced not the law itself. Sternayuhu (talk) 23:23, 9 October 2023 (UTC)
 * There are sources showing that it is not always enforced. Do you have evidence to show those sources are wrong? AntiDionysius (talk) 23:24, 9 October 2023 (UTC)
 * I respect you for not keep adding back the same thing when it was clearly wrong. Sternayuhu (talk) 23:24, 9 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Oh it's not clearly wrong. It's right, and you've provided no reason to doubt that. I'm only not re-adding it because I don't want to get engaged in an edit war. You need to stop reverting it yourself; per the notice on your talk page, you're violating the rules quite egregiously right now. AntiDionysius (talk) 23:26, 9 October 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:LGBT rights in Saudi Arabia


text:
List of Arizona Diamondbacks team records

The Arizona Diamondbacks are a professional baseball team based in Phoenix, Arizona. They compete in the Western Division of Major League Baseball's (MLB) National League (NL). Arizona first competed in Major League Baseball during the 1998 baseball season as an expansion team. The list below documents players and teams that hold particular club records.

In 26 seasons from 1998 through 2023, the team has won 1,998 games and one World Series championship, in 2001. The team has appeared in seven postseasons and has won two league pennants. Luis Gonzalez owns the most franchise career batting records with 11 and the most franchise single-season batting records with 9. Randy Johnson owns the most franchise career and single-season pitching records with 10 and 7, respectively.

Having won the World Series in 2001, the franchise's fourth season in existence, the Diamondbacks hold the distinction of being the fastest expansion team in Major League Baseball to win a championship. In addition, two no-hitters have been thrown in the history of the franchise.

Statistics are current through the 2023 season.

Individual career records
These are records of players with the best performance in particular statistical categories during their tenure with the Diamondbacks.

Individual single-season records
These are records of Diamondbacks players with the best performance in particular statistical categories during a single season.

Team single-game records
These are records of Diamondbacks teams with the best performance in particular statistical categories during a single game.

Team season records
These are records of Diamondbacks teams with the best and worst performances in particular statistical categories during a single season.

Team all-time records

 * Source:

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Marlene van Niekerk

Marlene van Niekerk (born 10 November 1954) is a South African poet, writer, and academic. She is best known for her novels, the satirical tragicomedy Triomf (1994) and the Hertzog-winning Agaat (2004), which explore themes including the family, the change in power dynamics occasioned by the end of Apartheid, and inequalities of race, gender, and class. Van Niekerk is also an award-winning poet. She writes in her native tongue, Afrikaans, and teaches at Stellenbosch University.

Biography
Marlene van Niekerk was born on 10 November 1954 on Tygerhoek farm near Caledon in the Western Cape of South Africa. She attended school in Riviersonderend and Stellenbosch, matriculating from Hoërskool Bloemhof.

She studied languages and philosophy at Stellenbosch University. She published her literary debut while still a student – Sprokkelster (1977), a volume of poetry, won the Eugène Marais Prize and the Ingrid Jonker Prize. In 1978, she obtained a Master's degree, with a thesis titled "Die aard en belang van die literêre vormgewing in 'Also sprach Zarathustra'" ("The nature and significance of the literary design in 'Also sprach Zarathustra'"). In 1985, she obtained a Dutch doctorandus in philosophy from the University of Amsterdam. Her thesis was on the works of Claude Lévi-Strauss and Paul Ricoeur, and was titled "Taal en mythe: een structuralistische en een hermeneutische benadering" ("Language and myth: a structuralist and a hermeneutic approach").

Van Niekerk later taught philosophy at the University of Zululand and the University of South Africa, and from 1989 taught Afrikaans and Dutch literature at the University of the Witwatersrand. Currently, she is associate professor at Stellenbosch University's Afrikaans and Dutch department, where she teaches creative writing. She has published two novels, five volumes of poetry, and several short story collections.

Theatre

While an undergraduate, van Niekerk wrote three plays for amateur theatre. In 1979, between her Master's and her doctorate, she moved to Germany to study directing as an apprentice at theatres in Stuttgart and Mainz. In April 2011, her play Die korstondige raklewe van Anastasia W, set in a funeral parlour, was staged in Stellenbosch under the direction of Marthinus Basson. It divided audiences (and provoked several angry letters to the editor in Afrikaans newspapers), with one favourable review calling it "a baroque assault of forms, idioms, wordplay, lyricism, operatic tragic-comic interludes, Brechtian theatrical alienation, and ripping symbolic violence."

Triomf (1994)
Triomf (1994) is a tragicomedy about the Benade family: Mol, her brothers Treppie and Pop, and her son Lambert. Unemployed, they live in Triomf (“triumph”), a poor white suburb of Johannesburg, which was built on the ruins of Sophiatown, the famous black township, after the Apartheid government razed it down in the 1950s. The book opens in late 1993, with South Africa’s first democratic elections impending, and chronicles the Benades’ relationships with each other – they reel between hostility and (sometimes incestuous) intimacy – and their difficulties adapting to the new, post-Apartheid South Africa. Among other themes, the novel explores Apartheid's class dimensions and the status of poor whites in South Africa, who, van Niekerk suggests, were ostensibly the beneficiaries of Apartheid, but in fact became downtrodden and disfigured by its ideology.

It received generally, but not exclusively, positive reviews, both in South Africa and abroad. The New York Times called it South Africa's "only world-class tragicomic novel, the kind of book that stabs at your heart while it has you rolling on the floor." Reviewers complimented the effectiveness of van Niekerk's satirical treatment of the Benades' racism and sexism.

Triomf was dramatised in a 2008 film, directed by Michael Raeburn.

Agaat (2004)
Agaat (2004), van Niekerk's second novel, takes place in 1996, when Kamilla (Milla) de Wet is in the late stages of motor neurone disease, deteriorating daily into complete paralysis and able to communicate only by blinks and glances. Agaat is the name she has given to her longstanding maid, on whom she now relies for her care. In this way, the shift in the power dynamics between Milla and Agaat mirror those occurring on a national level in post-Apartheid South Africa. By way of first-person narrative and extracts from her diaries from the 1950s, Milla reflects on her earlier life, as her relationship with Agaat begins to take on extraordinary significance in her memories, dwarfing her relationships with her son and with other men.

The novel was met with critical acclaim. Liesl Schillinger of the New York Times called its register "more generous and humane" than that of Triomf, and said that it exemplified "the reason people read novels, and the reason authors write them." Writing in Bookforum, Mary Gaitskill said it was "extraordinary." Agaat won seven South African literary awards, and Michiel Heyns won the 2007 Sol Plaatje Prize for Translation for his translation of Agaat into English.

Asked about Agaat 's depiction of the separation between men and women, van Niekerk said that she was inspired by gender dynamics in Afrikaner culture, and by her experience of being treated, as a lesbian, as an outsider in the Afrikaner community.

Novels

 * Triomf (1994; English version: Triomf, trans. Leon de Kock, 2000)
 * Agaat (2004; English version: Agaat or The Way of the Women, trans. Michiel Heyns, 2007)
 * Memorandum: 'n verhaal met skilderye, with pictures by Adriaan van Zyl (2006, English version: Memorandum: A Story with Paintings, trans. Michiel Heyns)

Poetry

 * Sprokkelster, 1977
 * Groenstaar, 1983
 * Kaar, 2013
 * Gesant van die mispels: gedigte by skilderye van Adriaen Coorte ca. 1659-1707 (2017)
 * In die stille agterkamer: gedigte by skilderye van Jan Mankes 1889-1920 (2017)

Short stories
Van Niekerk's work has also been translated into French, Danish, Italian, Swedish, and, frequently, Dutch.
 * Die vrou wat haar verkyker vergeet het (1992)
 * Die verleiding van Margarethe van Vliet deur die misbruik van die poësie en ander verhale (1999) (erotic stories in Dutch)
 * Die sneeuslaper: verhale (2010; English version: The Snow Sleeper, trans. Marius Swart, 2019)
 * The Swan Whisperer (2015; trans. van Niekerk and Marius Swart)

Awards
Novels

 * M-Net Literary Award (1995) for Triomf
 * CNA Prize (1995) for Triomf
 * Noma Award for Publishing in Africa (1995) for Triomf
 * M-Net Literary Award (2005) for Agaat
 * W.A. Hofmeyr Prize (2005) for Agaat
 * University of Johannesburg Prize for Afrikaans Creative Writing (2005) for Agaat
 * Hertzog Prize (2007) for Agaat
 * Suid-Afrikaanse Akademie vir Wetenskap en Kuns C.L. Engelbrecht Prize (2007) for Agaat
 * Sunday Times Literary Award (2007) for Agaat
 * Helgaard Steyn Prize (2008) for Agaat
 * Shortlisted for the Independent Foreign Fiction Prize (2008) for Agaat

Poetry and short stories In 2011, the South African president awarded van Niekerk the Order of Ikhamanga (Silver) or her "outstanding intellectual contribution to the literary arts and culture." She was nominated for the 2015 Man Booker International Prize, and has honorary doctorates from Tilburg University and Stellenbosch University.
 * Eugène Marais Prize (1977) for Sprokkelster
 * Ingrid Jonker Prize (1978) for Sprokkelster
 * University of Johannesburg Prize for Afrikaans Creative Writing (2011) for Die Sneeuslaper
 * University of Johannesburg Prize for Afrikaans Creative Writing (2014) for Kaar
 * Elisabeth Eybers Prize (2014) for Kaar
 * Hertzog Prize (2014) for Kaar

title: Marlene van Niekerk


text:
Talk:Isaac Isaacs

Untitled
"Critics of the appointment were careful to say that they had no opposition to Isaacs personally, and the fact that he was Jewish was never mentioned, but there is no doubt that currents of personal dislike of Isaacs and of anti-Semitism ran beneath the debate."

The exact same political establishment and King had created a Jewish politician Marquess of Reading only 4 years before. Can we have a source for this anti-semitic bias against Issacs.

Anonymous comments seldom get replies. Adam 23:55, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

--Ali me hi 04:36, 3 June 2006 (UTC)from Alison

Isaac Isaacs?
That can't possibly be his real name —Preceding unsigned comment added by 58.110.247.136 (talk) 15:36, 3 December 2007 (UTC)

 * Oh ye of little faith. It was his real name.  --  JackofOz (talk) 02:28, 8 June 2008 (UTC)

Date of death - 11th or 12th February?
Apparently he died in his sleep on the night of 11/12 February 1948.

ADB dates his death to 11 February, as do the Victorian Parliamentary website and the Commonwealth Parliamentary Handbook.

The National Library has 12 February.

This well-documented site says it happened “on the morning of the 11th”. But if it occurred after midnight, it would seem to be the morning of the 12th, not the 11th.

So, where does that leave us? We may need to get hold of his death certificate to be sure of the date. In the meantime, since the official sources all say 11th, I'm changing the article. -- JackofOz (talk) 02:48, 8 June 2008 (UTC)

From ADB you will see article is by former Dean of Law and GG Zelman Cowan who wrote two full biographies on ISAACS. That is authorative, and one presumes evidence-based. billinghurst (talk) 12:14, 30 July 2008 (UTC)

 * From The Argus of Thursday 12 February 1948:
 * Sir Isaac Isaacs, who was Australia's first native-born Governor-General, died yesterday at the age of 92.
 * He died at his home in Marne st, South Yarra, having been ill for several weeks. He passed peacefully in his sleep at 3am.
 * Otherthinker (talk) 17:18, 2 September 2011 (UTC)
 * Otherthinker (talk) 17:18, 2 September 2011 (UTC)

Thus Zelman Cowen writes: "he died in his sleep at his home in Marne Street, South Yarra, in the early hours of the morning of 11 February 1948" (Isaac Isaacs, 1993 edition, p 257). Wikiain (talk) 19:58, 22 March 2015 (UTC)

I notified the National Library of its error, which is being corrected - although, owing to a website redesign, the correction may take several months to appear. Wikiain (talk) 03:52, 31 March 2015 (UTC)

 * Good work. Thanks.  --   Jack of Oz   [pleasantries]  04:08, 31 March 2015 (UTC)

QC or not QC (as a postnominal)?
Does anyone object to me removing the postnominal, "QC"? The convention is that judges of superior courts discontinue its use upon appointment. --Cato the Younger (talk) 15:01, 5 June 2011 (UTC)

 * I think I object. Encyclopedia articles should show all the postnominals a subject was entitled to, even if they chose not to use them.  --   Jack of Oz   [your turn]  22:09, 5 June 2011 (UTC)

 * He was a QC for a very brief period; he was a KC at the time of his death. Otherthinker (talk) 11:46, 17 September 2011 (UTC)

Peerage
At Australian peers and baronets, it says, without a source, that Isaacs was nominated for a peerage but it was refused (presumably by King George V).

At this site, it says, also without any corroboration, that Isaacs was offered a peerage on his appointment as Governor-General, but he declined it.

Either way, he never got the peerage that was so confidently forecast in places like this, this, this, this, this, this and this.

I’ve had a look for any authoritative source that can confirm or refute either of these claims, without success. Does anyone know the correct story? --  Jack of Oz   [Talk]  09:26, 23 June 2013 (UTC)
 * I can't see anything about a peerage in Zelman Cowen's biography of Isaacs, which seems to be the authoritative source; nor in the entry for Isaacs in the Australian Dictionary of Biography, which is by Cowen.  So I conclude that the rumour is false.  I've removed it from Australian peers and baronets. Wikiain (talk) 19:49, 22 March 2015 (UTC)

 * More good work. Maybe we can report that a peerage was confidently predicted, because it clearly was, but for whatever reason it did not eventuate.  --   Jack of Oz   [pleasantries]  04:14, 31 March 2015 (UTC)

Reverting use of British Empire in Australian placenames pre federation (1901)
I have reverted the addition of British Empire to Isaacs place of birth. While it is true that Isaacs was born in the colony of Victoria prior to federation (in 1901), the usage of British Empire in Australian placenames is contrary to standard usage in wikipedia and in Australian English Billingd (talk) 15:14, 1 May 2015 (UTC)
 * Agreed. Wikiain (talk) 23:45, 1 May 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Isaac Isaacs


text:
Anni-Frid Lyngstad (album)

Anni-Frid Lyngstad is the eponymous compilation album by Anni-Frid Lyngstad, released by Emidisc in 1971, after Lyngstad ended her 5-year contract with EMI's Swedish division. All songs on this album are included in the EMI compilation album Frida 1967-1972.

Overview
The same year in 1971 that Lyngstad had had her first Svensktoppen number one, "Min Egen Stad", a Swedish language version of the Hep Stars track "It's Nice To Be Back Again", she did not renew her contract with EMI, and was signed to Polar Music to record her first single with the latter independent label. The expiration allowed EMI to release the compilation album, Anni-Frid Lyngstad, under EMI's budget label, Emidisc.

Content
The album opens with "Min Egen Stad" and "En Gång Är Ingen Gång", the B and A-side of Lyngstad's penultimate single, respectively, whereas the ultimate single she recorded was, 'Vi är alla bara barn i början', which was not included on this compilation album, for the EMI label before signing with Polar Music, both produced by Benny Andersson and with backing vocals by all four future ABBA members.

Track listing
Side 1
 * 1) "Min Egen Stad" (Benny Andersson, Peter Himmelstrand) - 3:00
 * 2) "En Gång Är Ingen Gång" ("There Goes My Everything") (Dallas Frazier, Stikkan Anderson) - 2:46
 * 3) "Försök Och Sov På Saken" ("Surround Yourself with Sorrow") (Bill Martin, Phil Coulter, Bo-Göran Edling) - 2:40
 * 4) "Peter Pan" (Benny Andersson, Björn Ulvaeus) - 2:09
 * 5) "Räkna De Lyckliga Stunderna Blott" (Jules Sylvain, Karl-Ewert) - 2:38
 * 6) "Där Du Går Lämnar Kärleken Spår" ("Love Grows (Where My Rosemary Goes)") (Barry Mason, Tony Macaulay, Olle Bergman) - 2:43

Side 2
 * 1) "Härlig Är Vår Jord" (Ivan Renliden) - 2:42
 * 2) "Peter Kom Tillbaka" ("Junge, Komm Bald Wieder") (Lotar Olias, Olle Bergman) - 3:07
 * 3) "Simsalabim" (Gunnar Sandevärn) - 2:30
 * 4) "En Ledig Dag" ("Weekend in Portofino") (Matteo Chiosso, Bruno Defilippi, Bengt Sten) - 2:55
 * 5) "Du Är Så Underbart Rar" ("Can't Take My Eyes Off You") (Bob Crewe, Bob Gaudio, B.S. Bimen) - 3:17
 * 6) "Så Synd Du Måste Gå" ("Comment te dire adieu?"|"It Hurts To Say Goodbye") (Jack Gold, Arnold Golan, Stikkan Anderson) - 2:24

title: Anni-Frid Lyngstad (album)


text:
Paddie Bell

Patricia Margaret Bell (née Simpson, 8 April 1931 – 3 August 2005) professionally known as Paddie Bell, was a Scottish folk singer and musician, born in Northern Ireland.

Biography
Bell was born as Patricia Margaret Simpson, in Belfast, Northern Ireland, but was a resident of Edinburgh, Scotland for most of her life. She sang with The Corrie Folk Trio from 1962 to 1965. The band later became The Corries after she left because she wanted to perform different songs from the ones the Trio sang. She pursued a solo career after this, releasing an album called Herself.

She returned to the Scottish folk scene in the 1990s, recorded two CDs, was a regular at Edinburgh Folk Club and had her own celebrated show in the Edinburgh Festival, as well as appearing at Festival Folk at the Oak.

She married architect Sandy Bell of Blairgowrie in 1957 and had a daughter Morven in 1966, an oboist and woodwind teacher.

Solo albums

 * 1965 – Herself (with Martin Carthy)
 * 1968 – I Know Where I'm Going (with Finbar and Eddie Furey)
 * 1993 – The Dawn of a Brand New Day
 * 1997 – Make me Want to Stay
 * 1998 – An Irish Kiss

title: Paddie Bell


text:
MBCS

MBCS may refer to:

 * Member of the Chartered Institute for I.T., denoting membership at a professional level
 * Multi Byte Character Set, a class of character encodings in computing
 * Marine Biology Case Study, a discontinued case study in the AP Computer Science program

title: MBCS


text:
Big Town Playboys

The Big Town Playboys are a six-piece acoustic British rhythm and blues revival group. Founded by Ricky Cool and Andy Silvester in 1984, and known as Ricky Cool and the Big Town Playboys, they covered American music from the 1940s and 1950s, such as that of Amos Milburn and Little Walter.

The Big Town Playboys have released a series of studio albums, as well as a collaborative project with Jeff Beck (entitled Crazy Legs), re-creating the songs of Gene Vincent. Several of their songs also appeared on the soundtrack of the film, The Pope Must Die. They have performed as a backing band for Robert Plant, who contributed guest vocals on their album Roll the Dice. They also performed together at the Birmingham Heart Beat 86 charity concert. Eric Clapton has expressed admiration for their work, arranging for them to open for him during his two-week-long stint at the Royal Albert Hall in London in 1996.

Mike Sanchez left the band at the end of 1999 to pursue a solo career. Presently, Ian Jennings is the only remaining original member of the band. After Sanchez's departure, the Big Town Playboys were fronted by another local London artist, Big Joe Louis, of "Big Joe Louis and his Blues Kings."

In May 2005, the band teamed up with Gary Brooker and Andy Fairweather Low to give a charity concert called "Aftershock" in India, with all proceeds to benefit victims of the tsunami caused by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake.

Discography

 * Playboy Boogie (1985 – Making Waves)
 * Now Appearing (1990 – Blue Horizon)
 * Crazy Legs with Jeff Beck (1993 – Epic)
 * Hip Joint (1994 – Blue Horizon)
 * Off the Clock...Live! (1997 – Eagle)
 * Six Pack (1998 – BTP)
 * Western World (2001 – Indigo)
 * Now Appearing (2002 – Blue Horizon)
 * Roll the Dice (2004 – Mi5)

title: Big Town Playboys


text:
Frida ensam

Frida ensam (Frida Alone) is the second studio album by Swedish singer Anni-Frid Lyngstad. It was first released by Polar Music in 1975 while Lyngstad was a member of the pop group ABBA and produced by her then-fiancé and fellow ABBA member, Benny Andersson. It has since been re-released several times, most significantly in remastered form in 2005 with bonus tracks. The lead song was the original version of "Fernando" sung in Swedish by Lyngstad. The album was a huge success in Sweden and Lyngstad was awarded a platinum disc. The album is included in the box set, Frida – 4xCD 1xDVD.

Background
Frida ensam was recorded in KMH Studio and mixed at Metronome Studio in Stockholm. Benny Andersson plays all the pianos and keyboards, while the rest of the musicians are very much the same team who played on ABBA's records. First recordings and preparations started in 1974 but, due to the rising popularity of ABBA, the album took over 18 months to complete and was recorded between sessions and promotion for the ABBA albums Waterloo and ABBA.

Content
Frida ensam opens with Lyngstad's Swedish solo version of "Fernando" which was not released as a single in Sweden, so that those who wanted it had to buy the album. (It was however released by Polar as a single in Norway but did not reach the charts there). The song was written so that the album would contain something unique and new. This was a song with a great hit potential (being practically a new ABBA song) and this clever decision led to the album selling 130,000 copies. The song became the most popular track on the album and it spent nine weeks at #1 on Svensktoppen (a chart of Swedish songs on Sveriges radio not based on sales). The English version recorded by ABBA became one of the group's biggest hits. The English version, with completely different lyrics by Björn Ulvaeus, presents a vision of nostalgia for two veterans reminiscing in old age about a lost battle in which they participated. "I wrote all the songs as little stories. "Fernando" was about two old freedom-fighters from the war between Texas and Mexico. I was lying outside one summer night, looking at the stars and it suddenly came to me". This quote indicates that an English version was always foreseen as the summer referred to must be the summer of 1975.

With the exception of "Fernando", all the other songs are cover versions, showing Lyngstad's and Andersson's fairly eclectic taste in music. Besides dramatic Italian ballads like "Anima Mia" and "Vado Via", the album includes Lyngstad's interpretations of 10cc's "The Wall Street Shuffle" and David Bowie's "Life on Mars", sixties hits like The Beach Boys' "Wouldn't It Be Nice" and Gary Puckett & The Union Gap's "Young Girl", the country and western ballad "The Most Beautiful Girl", "Send in the Clowns" from Stephen Sondheim's musical A Little Night Music as well as the Greek folk song "Siko Chorepse Syrtaki" and "Som en sparv" (with lyrics by Swedish poet Barbro Hörberg) originally recorded by Swedish band Wasa. The album received positive reviews both in Sweden and other countries. For example, British Melody Maker wrote: "The album portrays Frida as a very strong and emotive singer and shows the true value of the music, that if sung properly and with enough feeling it transcends all language barriers".

Lyrically, most of the tracks have a common theme, that of a strong and independent woman, hence the album title. The ironic lyrics of "Vill du låna en man" show a particularly emancipated Lyngstad: "Hi, would you like to borrow a man? He's one hell of a guy. His umbrella and slippers are included. – You'll have to be patient though, remember that he owns you – plus the three other women he sees on the side. – Are you ready to become the mother of someone who measures 2.02 in the buff? – When he's had his say, that's the way it is. When he's wrong he's right anyway. – Before you answer just make sure you can handle these children also known as men."

The hand-painted sleeve was deemed by one journalist to be "so sensual, it could make the Leaning Tower of Pisa stand to attention."

Reception
Frida ensam was a huge success in Sweden topping the album charts for six weeks and spending a total of 38 weeks in the charts. The Swedish version of "Fernando" topped the Svensktoppen radio chart for nine weeks.

Reissue
A digitally remastered version of the album was released by Universal Music in 2005, including two bonus tracks; the A and B-sides of Lyngstad's debut single for the Polar Music label, both Italian schlager hits with Swedish lyrics by Stig Anderson and both produced by Andersson and Björn Ulvaeus. "Man vill ju leva lite dessemellan" was Frida's second Svensktoppen #1 in late 1972.

Track listing
Side one  "Fernando" (Stikkan (Stig) Anderson, Benny Andersson, Björn Ulvaeus) – 4:14 "Jag är mig själv nu" ("Young Girl") (Jerry Fuller, Marie Bergman) – 3:05 "Som en sparv" (Jan Askelind, Barbro Hörberg) – 3:43 "Vill du låna en man?" ("The Most Beautiful Girl") (Norris Wilson, Rory Michael Bourke, Billy Sherrill, Anderson) – 2:45 "Liv på Mars?" ("Life on Mars?") (David Bowie, Owe Junsjö) – 3:48 "Syrtaki" ("Siko Chorepse Syrtaki") (Giorgos Zambetas, Alekos Sakellarios, Sam Lundwall) – 2:58

Side two  "Aldrig mej" ("Vado Via") (Enrico Riccardi, Luigi Albertelli, Anderson) – 4:06 "Guld och gröna ängar" ("The Wall Street Shuffle") (Eric Stewart, Graham Gouldman, Junsjö) – 3:41 "Ett liv i solen" ("Anima Mia") (Flavio Paulin, Ivano Michetti, Mats Paulson) – 3:53 "Skulle de' va' skönt" ("Wouldn't It Be Nice") (Brian Wilson, Tony Asher, Marie Bergman) – 3:17 "Var är min clown?" ("Send in the Clowns") (Stephen Sondheim, Mats Paulson) – 4:22

CD – 2005 'Bonusspår' (Remastered album, with two additional songs)  <LI>"Man vill ju leva lite dessemellan" ("Chi Salta Il Fosso") (Vittorio Tariciotti, Marcello Marrocchi, Franca Evangelisti, Anderson) – 2:53 <LI>"Ska man skratta eller gråta?" ("Principessa") (Gianfranco Baldazzi, Sergio Bardotti, Rosalino Cellamare, Anderson) – 3:51 </OL>

Personnel

 * Anni-Frid Lyngstad – lead vocals
 * Benny Andersson – piano, keyboards
 * Björn Ulvaeus – acoustic guitar
 * Rutger Gunnarsson – bass guitar, acoustic guitar, mandolin, bouzouki ("Syrtaki")
 * Roger Palm – drums
 * Ola Brunkert – drums ("Fernando")
 * Janne Schaffer – electric guitar
 * Lasse Wellander – electric guitar ("Fernando"), acoustic guitar
 * Anders Glenmark – electric guitar ("Skulle de' va' skönt" and "Ett liv i solen")
 * Malando Gassama – congas
 * Inger Öst – backing vocals
 * Lasse Holm – backing vocals
 * Lasse Westmann – backing vocals
 * Liza Öhman – backing vocals ("Aldrig mej" and "Vill du låna en man?")
 * Lasse Carlsson – backing vocals ("Aldrig mej" and "Vill du låna en man?")
 * Janne Kling – flute ("Fernando")
 * Janne Lindgren – steel guitar ("Vill du låna en man?")

Production staff

 * Benny Andersson – producer ("Fernando" produced by Andersson and Björn Ulvaeus)
 * Sven Olof Walldoff – string arrangements
 * Recorded at KMH Studios by Lennart Karlsmyr and Åke Grahn
 * "Fernando" and "Var är min clown?" recorded at Metronome Studios by Michael B. Tretow and Rune Persson
 * Mixed at Metronome Studios by Persson, Janne Hansson and Michael B. Tretow
 * "Aldrig Mej" and "Syrtaki" mixed at KMH Studios by Lennart Karlsmyr
 * Ola Lager – photography
 * Rune Söderqvist – design

title: Frida ensam


text:
David Maraniss

David Maraniss (born August 6, 1949) is an American award-winning journalist and author, currently serving as an associate editor for The Washington Post.

Maraniss is the author of numerous award-winning books, ranging from politics to sports. He has written books on Green Bay Packers head coach Vince Lombardi, Baseball Hall of Famer Roberto Clemente, the 1960 Summer Olympics, and on U.S. Presidents Bill Clinton and Barack Obama.

Personal life
Maraniss was born in Detroit, Michigan to Elliot and Mary Maraniss. He attended the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

Maraniss and his wife Linda married in 1969 and had two children; they live in Washington, D.C. and Madison, Wisconsin. His son, Andrew Maraniss is also an author and was on the New York Times bestseller list in 2015.

Career
Maraniss began his career as reporter at the Madison Capital Times, and later worked at the Trenton Times.

For The Washington Post, Maraniss won the Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting in 1993 for his "revealing articles on the life and political records" of Bill Clinton, then a presidential candidate. He was also assigned the job of biographer for their coverage of 2008 presidential candidate Barack Obama.

Politics

 * First in His Class: A Biography of Bill Clinton (1995)
 * Tell Newt to Shut Up! (with Michael Weisskopf) (1996)
 * The Clinton Enigma: A Four-and-a-Half Minute Speech Reveals This President's Entire Life (1998)
 * The Prince of Tennessee: Al Gore Meets His Fate (2000)
 * Barack Obama: The Story (2012)

Sports

 * When Pride Still Mattered: A Life of Vince Lombardi (1999)
 * Clemente: The Passion and Grace of Baseball's Last Hero (2006)
 * Rome 1960: The Olympics that Changed the World (2008)
 * Path Lit by Lightning: The Life of Jim Thorpe (2022)

Others

 * They Marched into Sunlight: War and Peace, Vietnam and America, October 1967 (2004)
 * Once in a Great City: A Detroit Story (2015)
 * A Good American Family: The Red Scare and My Father (2019)

title: David Maraniss


text:
Boston Ballet

The Boston Ballet is an American professional classical ballet company based in Boston, Massachusetts. It was founded in 1963 by E. Virginia Williams and Sydney Leonard, and was the first professional repertory ballet company in New England. It has been led by Violette Verdy (1980–1984), Bruce Marks (1985–1997), and Anna-Marie Holmes (1997–2000). Mikko Nissinen has been Artistic Director of Boston Ballet since 2001. Nissinen leads the company in partnership with Executive Director Ming Min Hui.

1956-1979
In 1956, E. Virginia Williams moved the ballet school she founded from a studio in Back Bay to 186 Massachusetts Avenue, across from the Loew's State Theatre in Boston. At this point in time, the school offered classes starting at a children's level all the way to a professional division.

In 1958, out of her Boston School of Ballet (which was sometimes called The New England School of Ballet), E. Virginia Williams formed a small dance group named The New England Civic Ballet. The group primarily performed at small local festivals and venues around New England.

From 1958-1962, the New England Civic Ballet performed regionally, dancing various pieces such as a three-act Nutcracker, Les Sylphides, and repertory works by E. Virginia Williams, Sydney Leonard, Lev Ianov, and Jean Paige.

In August 1962, the New England Civic Ballet performed as part of the 30th year of the Jacob's Pillow Dance Festival. At this point, the New England Civic Ballet was considered a semi-professional company and began calling themselves the Boston Ballet.

In December 1963, The Boston Globe reported that a Ford Foundation grant of US$144,000 to the Boston Ballet School had given birth to Boston's first and only professional ballet company. The total Ford Grant was $7,756,000, the largest private subsidy made to a single art form at the time. In part, based on the recommendations of George Balanchine and W. McNeil Lowry, the grant provided for the formation of several professional ballet companies. This included the Boston Ballet, Pennsylvania Ballet, Cincinnati Ballet, and Washington Ballet. Balanchine was a strong supporter of this initiative. He was Boston Ballet's artistic advisor for several years and gave the new company several of his works.

1979–1989
In 1979, Boston Ballet opened the Nervi Festival in Italy, and in 1980 was the first American dance company to perform in the People's Republic of China. The Company made its London premiere in 1981, with a full-length production of Swan Lake. In 1983, Boston Ballet presented Don Quixote on Broadway with Rudolf Nureyev as a guest artist, after touring the United States, Mexico, France, and Italy. Boston Ballet performed Mark Morris's Mort Subite at the PepsiCo Festival in Purchase, New York in 1986, and performed at the BESSIE Dance and Performance award ceremony at New York City Center in 1987.

1990–1999
Boston Ballet made its debut at the Kennedy Center in Washington DC, in January 1990. Thay May Natalia Dudinskaya, Konstantin Sergeyev, and assistant artistic director Anna-Marie Holmes staged a new production of Swan Lake with Boston Ballet dancers performing with dancers from the Kirov Ballet and the Bolshoi Ballet. In 1991, Boston Ballet moved into their current headquarters at 19 Clarendon Street in Boston's South End, after touring throughout Spain in July.

2000–2010
In 2005, the company added James Kudelka's Cinderella, George Balanchine's Coppélia, Jewels, Midsummer Night's Dream, the American premiere of Jirí Kylián's Black and White, John Cranko's Onegin, The Taming of the Shrew, and Romeo and Juliet to its repertoire. Boston Ballet additionally appointed Jorma Elo as its resident choreographer. Elo created at least six works for the company, including Plan to B, Brake the Eyes, and Le Sacre du Printemps. During the summer of 2007, the company completed a second tour of Spain. Boston Ballet's touring included appearances at the Guggenheim Museum's Works & Process series, the "Fall for Dance" festivals held at New York City Center and Orange County Performing Arts Center, and performances at the Spoleto Festival USA and the Kennedy Center's Ballet Across America series in the spring of 2008. Boston Ballet embarked on its first tour to Seoul, South Korea in the summer of 2008, presenting works by George Balanchine, Twyla Tharp, and Christopher Wheeldon not previously performed there. In the fall of 2009, Boston Ballet's sole performance venue became the Boston Opera House.

Since 2010
Boston Ballet maintains a repertoire that includes classics such as Marius Petipa's The Sleeping Beauty and August Bournonville's La Sylphide, contemporary versions of classics such as Mikko Nissinen's Swan Lake and John Cranko's Romeo and Juliet, and works by contemporary choreographers including William Forsythe, Jirí Kylián, Mark Morris, David Dawson, Val Caniparoli, Christopher Wheeldon, and Helen Pickett. Over 35 performances employ the entire company and more than 250 Boston Ballet School students who join in the production every year. Boston Ballet's The Nutcracker has been performed annually since 1963.

Boston Ballet II
Boston Ballet has no official apprentice company. However, they have a secondary company, Boston Ballet II (BBII). For some Boston Ballet II dancers, their work in BBII is their first paid dancer experience. BBII members usually practice with the main company, and perform in some of the main company productions and in some of their own productions.

Boston Ballet School
The Boston Ballet School (BBS) continues to operate as part of Boston Ballet. The program was officially incorporated as Boston Ballet School in 1979. The studio serves male and female ballet students starting at age 3. The BBS is the largest dance school in North America, providing professional dance education at locations in Boston, Newton, and specialized training at Walnut Hill School For Performing Arts.

Boston Ballet Studios
Clarendon Street Boston Ballet School Headquarters: The main studio location of the Boston Ballet School. The Clarendon Street Studio also acts as the Headquarters for the school and the greater company, including administrative offices and the marketing team. The Clarendon Street Studio is also home to the Pre-Professional Program.

Newton Boston Ballet School: Originally based in Norwell, Massachusetts, the newer Newton studio opened its doors in August 2017.

Marblehead Boston Ballet School: Located on the second floor of the Lynch Van Otterloo YMCA in Marblehead Massachusetts, the third studio was opened in 2009. It was the smallest of the three studios and closed in 2021.

Specialized Programs
Pre-Professional Program at Boston Ballet School: The pre-professional program at the Boston Ballet is a steppingstone to the professional company. It is not the same as Boston Ballet II. It is competitive and accepts about 80 students a year. Students worldwide participate in this program and train directly under the head of the Boston Ballet School and the professional company members. The program is delivered at and in partnership with Walnut Hill School for the Arts for students in grades 9-12. Pre-Professional students occasionally perform in Boston Ballet company performances.

Boston Ballet School and Walnut Hill School For Performing Arts: Walnut Hill Academy for the Performing Arts will utilize Boston Ballet School's teachers and students while offering access to Walnut Hill School's academic curriculum, housing, and facilities. The new partnership focused exclusively on Boston Ballet School's pre-professional division, currently made up of 81 students - the school's smallest branch.

Citydance: A community program established in 1991 which introduces third-grade students from Boston Public Schools to a free introduction to dance and movement. Citydance faculty travel to Boston Public School classrooms to host an introductory dance workshop. After this introduction, select students are invited to the Clarendon Street Boston Ballet Studios for additional dance and ballet training. Students who choose to continue their training at the Boston Ballet following Citydance receive free tuition for the remainder of their tenure at the Boston Ballet School.

Corps de Ballet (Artists)

 * Rasmus Ahlgren
 * Matthew Bates
 * Kaitlyn Casey
 * Ekaterine Chubinidze
 * Tyson Ali Clark
 * Daniel Cooper
 * Finn Duggan
 * Daniela Fabelo
 * Madysen Felber
 * Henry Griffin
 * Louise Hautefeuille
 * Sage Humphries
 * Graham Johns
 * SeokJoo Kim
 * Sangmin Lee
 * Nikolai Mamalakis
 * Abigail Merlis
 * Merritt Moore
 * Kyra Muttilainen
 * Deanna Pearson
 * Alainah Grace Reidy
 * Alec Roberts
 * Daniel Rubin
 * Crystal Serrano
 * Johanna Sigurdardottir
 * Gearoid Solan
 * My'Kal Stromile
 * Demi Trezona
 * Ao Wang
 * Schuyler Wijsen
 * Nations Wilkes-Davis

Boston Ballet II

 * Emily Aston
 * Grace Boyd
 * Aidan Buss
 * Cassidy Cail
 * Kylie Dyson
 * Sumin Lee
 * Alexa Malone
 * Austen McDonald
 * Wesley Miller
 * Alexander Nicolosi
 * Justin Pidgeon
 * Sydney Santo Domingo
 * Samuel Yuan

Boston Ballet Graduate Program

 * Carly Bartel
 * Julia Brunner
 * Ashley Chong
 * Vera Cortell
 * Daisy De Luca
 * Benjamin Dunlap
 * Chloe Han
 * Sophie Hatton
 * Sydnie Holmes
 * Jasmine Kang
 * Thomas Jagger McCarthy
 * Jack Owen
 * Aston Purnell
 * Amber Skaggs
 * Lily Stephenson

title: Boston Ballet


text:
Chartered IT Professional

Chartered IT Professional (in full, Chartered Information Technology Professional) denoted by CITP is a professional qualification awarded under Royal Charter to IT professionals who satisfy strict criteria set by the British Computer Society (BCS), which is a professional body for IT in the United Kingdom.

Status
The title Chartered IT Professional is aligned with Skills Framework for the Information Age (SFIA), the UK Government backed competency framework, CITP is the benchmark of IT excellence and is terminal (final/top most) qualification in IT.

Criteria and requirements for chartered status in the UK have to be approved by the Privy Council and as such the CITP designation is on par with other chartered qualifications in other fields (such as the Chartered Accountant qualification awarded by the ICAEW).

CITP status is gaining increasing national and international recognition as the benchmark of excellence for IT professionals. It provides evidence of an individual’s commitment to their profession and endorsement of their experience and knowledge.

Eligibility
In order to qualify for this award a person normally needs to have at least 8 to 10 years professional experience in IT, with evidence of experience at a senior level (5) in the Skills Framework for the Information Age (SFIA), have passed a professional competency examination and successfully completed a skills assessment interview with two BCS assessors.

A fast track scheme exists for holders of Certified Architect and Certified IT Specialist certifications from The Open Group, which exempts applicants from the initial review and interview elements of the application process.

In order to maintain a certificate of current competence, demonstrable CPD must be undertaken.

Designatory lettering
Chartered IT Professionals are entitled to use the suffix CITP after their names. This is written after honours, decorations and university degrees and before letters denoting membership of professional engineering institutions - for example: BSc (Hons) CITP MBCS.

The BCS maintains an online register of members with CITP status.

Licensing
Other Professional membership bodies apply to the BCS for a licence that enables them to award CITP to their eligible members.

Ireland
The Irish Computer Society is the awarding body of CITP status in Ireland. The standard has been developed in consultation with BCS and applicants undergo the same assessment process.

New Zealand
The Institute of IT Professionals New Zealand is licensed to award CITP status in New Zealand. The body extends the CITP standard to CITPNZ, incorporating additional requirements such as mandatory practicing certificate to retain the designation.

United Kingdom
The Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET) was the first membership body licensed to award CITP, but the agreement ended on 22 February 2020.

title: Chartered IT Professional


text: User talk:69.122.150.41

title: User talk:69.122.150.41


text:
HD 69830

HD 69830 (285 G. Puppis) is a yellow dwarf star located 41.0 ly away in the constellation of Puppis. In 2005, the Spitzer Space Telescope discovered a narrow ring of warm debris orbiting the star. The debris ring contains substantially more dust than the Solar System's asteroid belt. In 2006, three extrasolar planets with minimum masses comparable to Neptune were confirmed in orbit around the star, located interior to the debris ring.

Distance and visibility
HD 69830 is a main sequence star of spectral type G8V. It has about 86% of the Sun's mass, 90% of its radius, 62% of its luminosity, and 89% of its iron abundance. The star's age has been estimated at 10.6 ± 4 billion years. HD 69830 is located about 40.7 light-years from the Sun, lying in the northeastern part of the constellation of Puppis (the Poop Deck). It can be seen east of Sirius, southwest of Procyon, northeast of Delta Canis Majoris, and north of Zeta Puppis.

Planets
On May 17, 2006, a team of astronomers using the European Southern Observatory's (ESO) HARPS spectrograph on the 3.6-metre La Silla telescope in the Atacama desert, Chile, announced the discovery of three extrasolar planets orbiting the star. With minimum masses between 10 and 18 times that of the Earth, all three planets are presumed to be similar to the planets Neptune or Uranus. , no planet with more than half the mass of Jupiter had been detected within three astronomical units of HD 69830.

The star rotates at an inclination of 13$30.09$ degrees relative to Earth. It has been assumed that the planets share that inclination. However b and c are "hot Neptunes", and outside this system several are now known to be oblique relative to the stellar axis.

The outermost planet discovered appears to be within the system's habitable zone, where liquid water would remain stable (more accurate data on the primary star's luminosity will be required to know for sure where the habitable zone is). HD 69830 is the first extrasolar planetary system around a Sun-like star without any known planets comparable to Jupiter or Saturn in mass.

The planetary parameters were updated in 2023.

Debris disk
In 2005, the Spitzer Space Telescope detected a debris disk in the HD 69830 system consistent with being produced by an asteroid belt twenty times more massive than that in our own system. The belt was originally thought to be located inside an orbit equivalent to that of Venus in the Solar System, which would place it between the orbits of the second and third planets. The disk contains sufficient quantities of dust that the nights on any nearby planets would be lit up by zodiacal light 1000 times brighter than that seen on Earth, easily outshining the Milky Way.

Further analysis of the spectrum of the dust revealed that it is composed of highly processed material, likely derived from a disrupted C-type asteroid of at least 30 km radius which contained many small olivine-rich (rocky) and once-wet grains which would not survive at close distances to the star. Instead, it seems more likely that the asteroid belt producing the dust is located outside the orbit of the outermost planet, around 1 AU from the star. This region contains the 2:1 and 5:2 mean motion resonances with HD 69830 d.

In fiction

 * In the first-person shooter videogame franchise Halo, the homeworld of the Kig-Yar species is a moon orbiting within the HD 69830 system, with the system being known as "Y'Deio" the third planet in the system called "Chu'ot" and their homeworld being called Eayn.

title: HD 69830


text:
Talk:John Baird, 1st Viscount Stonehaven

Untitled
Can anyone confirm he had a KBE I can't find a source for thatAlci12

Other candidates for the Governor-Generalship
Who were the Duke, Marquess and Earl who were suggested as alternative Governors-General? Opera hat (talk) 18:32, 8 March 2008 (UTC)

Pronunciation of his name
I've been told he pronounced it "STONN-uvun", rhymes with Donovan, rather than Stone-haven. If this is true, does anyone know a cite we can use? -- JackofOz (talk) 09:58, 9 March 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
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text:
A. B. Bardhan

Ardhendu Bhushan Bardhan (24 September 1925 – 2 January 2016) was a trade union leader and the former general secretary of the Communist Party of India (CPI), one of the oldest political parties in India.

Early life
Bardhan was born in Barisal, Bengal Presidency, British India (now Bangladesh) on 25 September 1924. He embraced Communism at the age of 15 after he moved to Nagpur. He joined the All India Students Federation at the Nagpur University in 1940. He joined the Communist Party of India (which was then banned), the same year. He served as the President of the Nagpur University Students' Union. He became a full-time student organizer, while continuing his studies, and in 1945 he was elected the Secretary of AISF. Bardhan held a postgraduate degree in economics and a degree in law.

Trade unionism and politics
Bardhan worked with workers ranging from various sectors like textile, electricity, railways, defence etc. He contested several elections from Nagpur but was elected only once to the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly in 1957 as an independent candidate. He was also instrumental in the integration of Maharashtra that led to its creation on 1 May 1960.

Bardhan entered national politics and moved to Delhi. He became the General Secretary of the All India Trade Union Congress in 1994 and became the Deputy General Secretary of the Communist Party of India in 1995.

When Indrajit Gupta joined the United Front government as the Minister of Home Affairs (India), Bardhan succeeded him as the General Secretary of the Communist Party of India following Gupta's resignation from the post of party's General Secretary. Bardhan served as the party's General Secretary from 1996 to 2012.

He is remembered for the campaign he initiated in response to Lal Krishna Advani's Rath Yatra. Bardhan always supported the cause of a secular India.

Bardhan played a key role in the formation of the United Progressive Alliance government which was supported by the Communist Party of India. Bardhan was also among those who supported the candidature of Pratibha Patil, then Governor of Rajasthan, to the coveted post of the President of India.

Personal life
Bardhan married Padma, who was a teacher in Saraswati Vidyalaya Higher Secondary School, Shankar Nagar, Nagpur. They got a son Ashok and a daughter Alka Barua. Padma died in 1986. After her death, Bardhan spent his life in a small room at Ajoy Bhavan, the headquarters of CPI in Delhi. Bardhan was fluent in Marathi, Bengali, Urdu, Hindi and English languages. Bardhan had a brother-like relation with the veteran Bharatiya Janata Party leader Sumatitai Sukaklikar from Nagpur. Although they contested elections against each other, Sumatitai was like an elder sister to Bardhan.

Death
Bardhan suffered a paralytic stroke in December 2015. He was admitted to the hospital. He died, aged 91, on 2 January 2016 at the Govind Ballabh Pant Hospital in New Delhi.

His death was condoled by many including the President of India Pranab Mukherjee, Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi and Congress President Sonia Gandhi.

Works
A.B. Bardhan wrote many books, such as:
 * Debate on reservation
 * Class, Caste Reservation & Struggle Against Casteism
 * 80 CPI
 * Generalists, specialists and the working class
 * The tribal problem in India
 * India's Freedom Struggle: Several Streams
 * Hutatma Bhagat Singh
 * Prejudices & myths that feed communalism x-rayed
 * Reforms 2020: Last 20 Years, Next 20 Years

title: A. B. Bardhan