text:
Silver Falcons

The Silver Falcons is the aerobatic display team of the South African Air Force. Based at Air Force Base Langebaanweg near Cape Town, the Silver Falcons fly the Pilatus PC-7 Mk II, the basic trainer of the SA Air Force in a 5-ship routine. The main purpose of the Silver Falcons is to enhance the image of the South African Air Force, encourage recruitment and instill national pride through public display.

History
Originally formed in 1953 as the Bumbling Bees and flying the T-6 Harvard and then the de Havilland Vampire. The Bumbling Bees flew a 4 ship formation and made a name for themselves by regularly taking part in South African airshows. The team disbanded in the late 1950s leaving a gap in South African aviation.

During 1966 the Aermacchi MB-326 "Impala" arrived and the Bumbling Bees were reinstated under the command of Colonel Chris Prins. The Silver Falcons were based at Air Force Base Langebaanweg on the West Coast of South Africa, near Cape Town. The team went from strength to strength and the idea to change the name to a more bilingual-sounding name came about. The Silver Falcons ("Die Silwer Valke" in Afrikaans) team was founded and gave their first display in November 1967 at the opening of the Atlas Aircraft Corporation.

During 1986, under the command of Commandant Dave Knoesen, the team was expanded to a 5 ship to bring about more exciting display postures and to include a solo display. The aircraft were also painted in orange, white and blue to represent the then current South African flag.

The Silver Falcons operated from Langebaanweg until the early 1990s, when all the Impala training was moved to Air Force Base Hoedspruit, in the Lowveld region of South Africa, and formed part of 85 Combat Flying School. During 1994 with a new national flag, the aircraft were repainted to represent the colours of the SA Air Force: blue, light blue and white.

The Silver Falcons continued to operate from Hoedspruit until in 1998, the Silver Falcons moved to AFB Langebaanweg and commenced training in the Pilatus Astra. The decision was partly made due to the shortage of flying instructors at 85 CFS and also to display the new turbo-prop trainer to the nation. During this move, the team was once again reduced to a 4 ship. For nine years, the team flew in the standard red and white paint scheme of the Astra fleet.

In 2008, 6 of the Astras were repainted in a unique blue and white livery and the team was expanded to a 5-ship again. Paint for the respray was donated by a local paint supplier, First African Paints. The first display in the new livery was flown at the Africa Aerospace and Defense Expo at AFB Ysterplaat in September 2008.

Aircraft
The Pilatus PC-7 Mk II is a high performance single-engine turboprop aircraft, used by the South African Air Force for ab-initio training. It is powered by a 750 shp limited to 700 Pratt & Whitney PT6A-25C engine and is designed for G-loadings between +7 and −3.5 G, making it ideal for aerobatics. The aircraft has a tandem seat configuration with Martin Baker CH-11A ejection seats.

For all practical purposes the PC-7 Mk II can be seen as a hybrid between the PC-7 and the newer PC-9. Both these aircraft types are popular as military trainers and are in service with more than 30 air forces. Like the PC-9, the PC-7 Mk II features a larger cockpit, upgraded airframe and instruments and is fitted with a ventral airbrake, but it retains the smaller engine of the original PC-7.

Specifications
 * Wing span — 10.19 m
 * Length — 10.13 m
 * Max Operating Speed — 300 knots (555 km/h)
 * Maximum Mach Number — Mach 0.6
 * Maximum Operating Altitude — 25 000 ft (7 622 m)Silver Falcons-004.JPG
 * Stalling Speed (Clean) — 75 knots (139 km/h)
 * Stalling Speed (Landing Configuration) — 65 knots (120 km/h)
 * Minimum Speed For Ground Level Ejection — 65 knots (120 km/h)

Accidents and incidents

 * 16 April 1988 – Capt Kobus Griesel ejected from an Aermacchi MB-326 Impala after his engine caught fire during a display at Franschhoek.
 * 2 October 1993 — During an airshow at Lanseria Airport, Falcon 5 crashed during a low-level solo display sequence. Capt Charlie Rudnick ejected moments after structural failure caused the right wing of his Impala Mk I to separate from the fuselage, but was killed on impact.

Current team
The team consists of 5 display pilots, 3 support officers and 12 ground crew members. Falcon 1 is the formation leader, with Falcons 2–5 being the wingmen. All the team's pilots are serving instructors at the Central Flying School.

Team 67
August 2008 – September 2008 September 2008 – October 2008
 * Falcon 1: Maj Scott Ternent
 * Falcon 2: Capt Guy du Sautoy
 * Falcon 3: Maj Alex Macphail
 * Falcon 4: Capt D Deeflets
 * Falcon 5: Maj Nico Frylinck

Team 68
September 2008 – October 2008
 * Falcon 1: Maj Scott Ternent
 * Falcon 2: Capt Guy du Sautoy
 * Falcon 3: Capt Buti Tsebe
 * Falcon 4: Capt D Deeflets
 * Falcon 5: Maj Nico Frylinck

Team 69
October 2008 – December 2008
 * Falcon 1: Maj Scott Ternent
 * Falcon 2: Capt Roy Sproul
 * Falcon 3: Capt Buti Tsebe
 * Falcon 4: Capt D Deeflets
 * Falcon 5: Maj Nico Frylinck

Team 70
January 2009 – December 2010
 * Falcon 1: Maj Scott Ternent (Leader)
 * Falcon 2: Capt Roy Sproul
 * Falcon 3: Capt Buti Tsebe
 * Falcon 4: Capt Gerhard Lourens
 * Falcon 5: Maj Nico Frylinck (Soloist)
 * Ancillary Members:
 * Ground Liaison Officer: Capt Heybrech van Niekerk
 * Public Relations Officer: 2Lt Brian Goldschmidt

Team 71
March 2011 – December 2011
 * Falcon 1 – Capt Roy Sproul (Leader)
 * Falcon 2 – Capt Heybrech van Niekerk (first female member)
 * Falcon 3 – Capt Buti Tsebe
 * Falcon 4 – Capt Gerhard Lourens
 * Falcon 5 – Maj Beau Skarda (Soloist)

Team 72
December 2011 – May 2012
 * Falcon 1 – Maj Roy Sproul (Leader)
 * Falcon 2 – Capt Heybrech van Niekerk (first female member)
 * Falcon 3 – Lt Jacques Poolman
 * Falcon 4 – Capt Gerhard Lourens
 * Falcon 5 – Maj Beau Skarda (Soloist)

Team 73

 * Falcon 1 – Maj Roy Sproul (Leader)
 * Falcon 2 – Maj Werner Vermaak
 * Falcon 3 – Lt Jacques Poolman
 * Falcon 4 – Maj Heybrech van Niekerk (first female member)
 * Falcon 5 – Maj Beau Skarda (Soloist)
 * Ancillary Members:
 * Ground Liaison Officer: Capt Mark Gentles
 * Public Relations Officer: Lt Brian Goldschmidt

Team 74

 * Falcon 1 – Maj Roy Sproul (Leader)
 * Falcon 2 – Capt Mark Gentles
 * Falcon 3 – Lt Jacques Poolman
 * Falcon 4 – Maj Werner Vermaak
 * Falcon 5 – Maj Beau Skarda (Soloist)
 * Ancillary Members:
 * Ground Liaison Officer: Capt Loedolff Muller
 * Public Relations Officer: Lt Brian Goldschmidt

Team 75

 * Falcon 1 – Maj Beau Skarda (Leader)
 * Falcon 2 – Capt Mark Gentles
 * Falcon 3 – Capt Loedolff Muller
 * Falcon 4 – Maj Werner Vermaak
 * Falcon 5 – Capt Jacques Poolman (Soloist)
 * Ancillary Members:
 * Ground Liaison Officer: Still to be elected.
 * Public Relations Officer: Capt Christo Jansen

Team 76

 * Falcon 1 – Maj Beau Skarda (Leader)
 * Falcon 2 – Maj Marc Bennett
 * Falcon 3 – Maj Loedolff Muller
 * Falcon 4 – Maj Werner Vermaak
 * Falcon 5 – Maj Mark Gentles (Soloist)

 * Major Jacques Poolman (official reservist)

Team 77

 * Falcon 1 – Maj Werner Vermaak (Leader)
 * Falcon 2 – Maj Marc Bennett
 * Falcon 3 – Capt Jacques Poolman
 * Falcon 4 – Maj Loedolff Mûller
 * Falcon 5 – Maj Mark Gentles (Soloist)

Team 78

 * Falcon 1 – Maj Werner Vermaak (Leader)
 * Falcon 2 – Maj Marc Bennett
 * Falcon 3 – Maj Shaun Constable
 * Falcon 4 – Maj Loedolff Mûller
 * Falcon 5 – Maj Mark Gentles (Soloist)

Team 79

 * Falcon 1 – Maj Mark Gentles (Leader)
 * Falcon 2 – Maj James Wilcox
 * Falcon 3 – Capt Omphile Mutloane
 * Falcon 4 – Maj Marc Bennett
 * Falcon 5 – Maj Shaun Constable (Soloist)

Team 80

 * Falcon 1 – Maj Mark Gentles (Leader)
 * Falcon 2 – Maj James Wilcox
 * Falcon 3 – Major Sivuyile Tangana
 * Falcon 4 – Capt Wendy Badenhorst
 * Falcon 5 – Capt Omphile Mutloane (Soloist)

title: Silver Falcons


text:
Talk:Iodomethane

Crazy formulas!
I can't really call myself a very good chemist as my formal education on the matter isn't too great but this: 5 CH3OH + P + 2.5 I2 → 5 CH3I + H3PO4 + H2O

Just has to be wrong.. For one, can't say I've ever heard of a half DIATOMIC (note the di) molecule before... Just how do you add half a dimolecule to a reaction?? Can't be done!

Matter of fact, I've seen plenty of half diatomic molecules and strange uneven numbers in formulas when browsing wikipedia.. (But never EVER in real chemistry books or such) So whoever you got writing them should be "fired" or whatever..

Second, even if you make the numbers even (and the dimolecules whole) by doubling them.. It still doesn't add up. Since the iodinating reagent is PI3 then there is too litte P per I. 2P + 5I2 can't create enough PI3 to make 10 units of CH3I. Actually, NOTHING in the formula seems to add up..

So I'd say the correct reaction(s) would be:

4P + 6I2 -> 4PI3

PI3 + 3CH3OH -> 3CH3I + H3PO3

Or put as one reaction: 4P + 6I2 + 12CH3OH -> 12CH3I + 4H3PO3

So even the Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) is wrong, it's actually Phosphorous acid. (H3PO3) So unless someone here is interested, I'm eventually going to change it myself. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 90.227.181.98 (talk) 22:35, 22 August 2008 (UTC)

 * I do not see a need to balance the equation at all, it is just confusing and does not tell us much about the mechanism. Why not simply use the reagent-over-the-arrow/byproducts-under-the-arrow notation? Cacycle (talk) 23:06, 22 August 2008 (UTC)

 * Maybe it's cause english isn't my first language but you just lost me.. Just what is the "reagent-over-the-arrow/byproducts-under-the-arrow notation"? Also, if by equation you mean the formula in the article.. You didn't notice it's incorrect altogether? It doesn't need to be "balanced" but replaced. The number of units in the one in the article are incorrect, and so are the listed products of the reaction. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 90.227.181.98 (talk) 00:22, 23 August 2008 (UTC)

 * [[Image:MeOH-P,I2-MeI chemical reaction.png|220px|Chemical reaction of methanol to methyl iodide in the presence of red phosphorus and iodine]]
 * Cacycle (talk) 02:02, 23 August 2008 (UTC)

 * LMAO! Now when I see it, I can't believe I didn't get what you meant. Do I feel like a dumbass now..
 * I like it, pictures say more than a thousand words and all and are v. user-friendly. Though personally I think the H3PO3 should be added to it.. to explain where that phosphorus goes. And also, IMO - Pictures are useful as an addition, but they can't really replace normal formulas.. Not sure if that's what you're proposing doing though. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 90.227.181.98 (talk) 03:10, 23 August 2008 (UTC)

 * Like this?

 * Cacycle (talk) 05:25, 23 August 2008 (UTC)

 * Yup. That works for me. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 90.227.181.98 (talk) 12:31, 23 August 2008 (UTC)

Proposal: Change the name of this article to "Methyl iodide".
I propose we change the name of this article to methyl iodide, as this name gets more hits on google, google scholar, and google news. FWIW, in my undergraduate and graduate experience, methyl iodide was used for commonly by my professors and colleagues and text books than iodomethane.Yilloslime T C  17:23, 25 September 2009 (UTC)
 * I would like all the halomethanes to have a consistent title, so if iodomethane is renamed to methyl iodide, then bromomethane should be methyl bromide, etc. It doesn't make too much difference to me which way they are named, as long as it's consistent.  -- Ed (Edgar181) 19:53, 25 September 2009 (UTC)
 * Well I think the same is true for MeBr and MeCl, i.e. that most people and sources call them methyl bromide/chloride, not bromo/chloro-methane. So IMHO those should be changed too. Not sure about MeF. And I'm not convinced that consistency is the be all and end all, anyway, but I guess that's moot b/c I think they all should be changed, based on there own merits. Yilloslime T C  20:06, 25 September 2009 (UTC)
 * I support the renaming of this article as methyl iodide. And the related compounds. My guess is that this change is noncontroversial.--Smokefoot (talk) 14:33, 4 October 2009 (UTC)
 * Alright then. I'm gonna go for it. Yilloslime T C  18:57, 4 October 2009 (UTC)

1. California news is not necessarily noteworthy news... and 2. methylation business
I agree that if one lives in the American province of California, their recent regulations are of interest. But my feeling is that Wikipedia should steer away from being US-centric. Citing recent newspaper articles is probably too local and too newsy (also the articles failed the NPOV grounds, insinuating that the ruling was a bad idea (probably is in my mind, too)) That is what I though WP:NOTNEWS and WP:SECONDARY and other guidelines are about. Again, my heart goes out to those disappointed by the local regulations, but we dont report on provincial regulations in other parts of the globe. I thought that this is obvious, but other experienced editors seem to disagree, and I look forward to comments on why California rates so highly.

On the methylation business, I was thinking about moving most of the methylation content to Methylation. Just a thought. It seems that evaluating relative qualities of MeI vs MeCl vs Me2SO4 are more appropriate in an overview. --Smokefoot (talk) 18:39, 6 December 2010 (UTC)

 * Actually, it's likely that this will become big news because California went through the LBAM crisis just in the past couple of years which involved many state officials, lawsuits, national media, etc.  We will likely need to create a whole page on this issue along the same lines because even more people are already involved, not just in CA, but nationally. GreenIn2010 (talk) 20:01, 6 December 2010 (UTC)

 * Methyl Iodide is an import laboratory reagent and it's chemistry is also interesting, mainly since it nicely illustrates nucleophilic substitution. But it's also a pesticide, and a highly controversial one at that, and that's not something we can ignore and still remain WP:NPOV. Do a google news archive search: most of the hits are about this controversy--we can't ignore that. We have plenty of articles on pesticides, and many articles on controversial ones like atrazine, endosulfan, and DDT. I don't see any justification for treating MeI differently. Though the article doesn't currently reflect it, the registration of MeI as a pesticide by the US EPA in 2007 was highly controversial, so this isn't something of California interest only. And, though the article doesn't reflect it, MeI was recently registered as a pesticide in Japan, Mexico, and several other countries, including if memory serves me--Australia. So this isn't just a US use only. I agree that the article could do a better job describing its pesticide use and the surrounding controversy--and to do it in a less California-centric manner--than in this version. But having said, I think this version is better than not having it discussed at all. I don't have a ton of time to put into WP these days as my contribution log attests, but I'll try to keep an eye this and clean it up a bit. Yilloslime T C  20:45, 6 December 2010 (UTC)

What toxic effects
Article previously said "Breathing methyl iodide fumes can cause lung, liver, kidney and central nervous system damage. It causes nausea, dizziness, coughing and vomiting. Prolonged contact with skin causes burns. Massive inhalation causes pulmonary edema.[citation needed]" but someone removed that. Can anyone find a source or say what the effects of acute or chronic exposure are ? Rod57 (talk) 14:31, 26 April 2011 (UTC)

 * Here from the CDC: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0420.html

 * And from the USDA (contains info but I'm not sure about effects) :  http://ddr.nal.usda.gov/bitstream/10113/28473/1/IND44184498.pdf

 * This came up in the search as well: http://www.cdpr.ca.gov/docs/risk/mei/comments/panna_mei_attach1.pdf  Gandydancer (talk) 15:20, 26 April 2011 (UTC)
 * One can say those things about almost any organic compound, especially halogenated ones. So in general we in WP-Chem dont add such routine information (we also avoid advice). But recent editors have an agenda in mind related to legislation in a US state, so I wont be messing with this article any more for a while.--Smokefoot (talk) 17:36, 26 April 2011 (UTC)
 * Thank you both. For the sake of the non-organic chemist general reader it seems helpful to include such routine information - quantified if possible so toxicity can be compared to other compounds. Rod57 (talk) 20:53, 26 April 2011 (UTC)

 * Yes, I agree. Like most of us, I'm not a chemist.  I'm a gardener.  I have no "agenda in mind related to legislation in a US state".  Actually I have no idea why I had this article on my watch list and I just read and overlooked Smokefoot's edit.  But Rod's post caught my interest and I've learned a lot.  I have been working on the organophosphate chemicals and they all contain toxicity, etc., info.  This one should as well.  I do not consider this information "advice". Gandydancer (talk) 21:54, 26 April 2011 (UTC)

none detected in food supply (unsourced)
"Neither the U.S. Department of Agriculture nor the U.S. EPA has measured detectable residues of methyl iodide or any other soil fumigant in the food supply or in fruit or produce grown in methyl iodide-treated soils.[citation needed]"

This line strongly implies (1) that the DoA and the EPA have actively been looking for the chemical and (2) the crops grown in methyl iodide-treated soils have entered to food supply. Since they only start using this stuff 2 months ago I doubt that any crops grown in methyl iodide-treated soils have entered to food supply yet. Can anyone verify this? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Tdc204 (talk • contribs) 07:12, 19 July 2011 (UTC)

I was looking for a source for that info...but the following came up from a mother/child forum in a discussion about concerns over giving kids strawberries:

''According to Wikipedia, "First commercial applications of MIDAS soil fumigant in California began in Fresno County, in May, 2011. Since that time, it has been applied to soils used to grow a variety of crops. Since its federal registration, more than 17,000 acres of cropland have been treated with MIDAS products without a single health or public exposure incident. Neither the U.S. Department of Agriculture nor the U.S. EPA has ever measured detectable residues of methyl iodide or any other soil fumigant in the food supply or in fruit or produce grown in methyl iodide-treated soils."

[REPLY] I'm not sure of the souce for information from the wikipedia entry. But I do know that just last month, 40 independent scientists, including 3 Nobel Laureates in Chemistry, have appealed to EPA Administrator Lisa Jackson to eliminate the use of methyl iodide. Enough for me to be concerned and want to learn more!

[REPLY] Wikipedia can be changed by anyone, just an FYI, not a reliable source of information.

[REPLY]Let me educate you here too! Before a change is made it must be validated. We used to tell our students that Wikipedia is not reliable because it could be changed by anyone, but that is not the case any more. The changes must first be investigated. Are you sure you're not the ignorant one?

[REPLY]Wikipedia can be changed by anyone but is usually changed back in a matter of seconds. Go change an article and see how fast it gets changed back.

[REPLY]Wikipedia is NOT a valid source. My college does not allow it as a credible source when writing a paper. [REPLY]Umm...I've already graduated and have my Master's and I used to teach it wasn't reliable too! But as just mentioned there are now guidelines in place so that only reliable and credible information can submitted.''

For this reason I'm going to delete that information because I can't find a source for it. Gandydancer (talk) 16:45, 21 July 2011 (UTC)

 * Looking though the history I find that an anon made about a half a dozen edits, all unsourced, and the above was one of them. The others are now gone as I just removed the last one. Gandydancer (talk) 17:53, 21 July 2011 (UTC)

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Article copied elsewhere
It seems that National Biochemicals Corp. copied this page for their product information guide. I added the backwardcopy template to this talkpage, but as I have no knowledge on how to investigate this, I'll have to leave it to others. 68.48.110.17 (talk) 23:42, 19 August 2016 (UTC)

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Used as a Poison by Assassins?
Watching S01E03 of "Clarice" and the assassin kills the sniper in the interogation room by putting the poison "Methyl Iodide" in or on a can of soda. Sniper takes a few sips of poisoned root beer, starts having convulsions, foaming at the mouth and flops down on the floor, dead. An analysis of the soda reveals "Methyl Iodide" which they say in the show is used by pharmaceutical companies and as a pesticide. So I'm thinking if it was that toxic, I would have heard about this poison before, came here, read the Article and while it's toxic, it's not THAT toxic. A total of like 11 deaths and all of them industrial accidents. But no "minimum dose" listed in the Article required to kill someone. Curious what that might be. Also if it has a flavor or a smell. Yes I know it's a fictional show, but when you basically get lied to by the TV, it would be nice to come to Wikipedia to find out what the truth is. It would "improve the Article".68.206.248.178 (talk) 06:14, 28 June 2021 (UTC)
 * It can be surprisingly difficult to find such data and it's usually of a low quality (so a very rough number, but even then maybe a wrong one). It's not like you can just dose people with increasing amounts of the stuff to see when they drop dead, and 11 industrial accidents isn't much of a dataset either. The lowest lethal dose for rats is ~0.4% in air over 15 min period, but there are a lot of problems with just porting that number across to humans. Enough of it will be lethal, although I'd be surprised if it was fast acting (you usually have to heat it in the lab to get a good reaction). I wouldn't have thought it an assassins tool: too volatile to use as a contact poison and with a strong enough smell to make it noticeable in most food or drink, particularly as you might need to add quite a bit of it, and likely slow acting on top. --Project Osprey (talk) 09:17, 28 June 2021 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Iodomethane


text:
File:BeaumontChildren.jpg

Image of the Beaumont children. Siblings Jane, Grant and Arnna Beaumont, who disappeared without trace from a South Australian beach in 1966, prompting the largest search conducted in Australia until that time.

Image from. Copyright Fairfax Digital. "Conditions of Use" policy on their website allows for "fair use" of image:

Rationale for fair use of this image in the article Beaumont children disappearance:

1. No free use or public domain images have been located for this article. 2. Use within this article is for informational and educational use only. 3. Use within this article does not diminish the value of the original image. 4. Image is of a low resolution that does not lend itself to anything but low resolution copying. 5. Image illustrates the key figures in an important criminal investigation, arguably one of the most significant and influential criminal cases in Australian history. This and similar images were widely published particularly at the time of the children's disappearance with the aim of making them "recognisable" to the general population in the event that witnesses might remember seeing them before or after the disappearance. As such the image has not only been widely distributed, but is historically significant. 6. Image enhances the text of the article considerably by personalizing/humanizing the content by allowing the victims to be seen.

title: File:BeaumontChildren.jpg


text:
River and Rowing Museum

The River & Rowing Museum in Henley-on-Thames, Oxfordshire, England, is located on a site at Mill Meadows by the River Thames. It has three main themes represented by major permanent galleries, the non-tidal River Thames, the international sport of rowing and the local town of Henley-on-Thames.

History
The impetus for the museum largely came from David Lunn-Rockliffe, formerly Executive Secretary of the Amateur Rowing Association. The building was designed by the modernist architect Sir David Chipperfield and has won awards for the building itself, including the Royal Fine Art Commission Building of the Year award in 1999. It was also UK National Heritage Museum of the Year in 1999.

It was officially opened in November 1998 by Queen Elizabeth II. Major benefactors include The Arbib Foundation run by local businessmen Sir Martyn Arbib and Urs Schwarzenbach. There was a 1998 opening exhibition of Julian Trevelyan 'River Thames' etchings. In 2004, a The Wind in the Willows attraction for families was installed. This is a walk-through recreation using models, sets and an audio-guide of all the E.H. Shepard illustrations from the 1908 Kenneth Grahame book.

In 2006, the museum completed an extensive refurbishment of its Rowing Gallery, thanks to a major donation by Urs Schwarzenbach. Now known as the Schwarzenbach International Rowing Gallery, it tells the story of rowing from its beginnings in ancient Greece to the modern Olympics. Thematically arranged the gallery includes sections devoted to the Oxford v. Cambridge Boat Race, World & Olympic rowing, professional rowing in the 19th and early 20th centuries, boat building, coaching and nutrition. The museum now displays a unique collection of video clips. A feature in the Schwarzenbach International Rowing Gallery is an interactive exhibit In the Cox's Seat that allows visitors to sit in a rowing boat and experience a race at Henley Royal Regatta

Temporary exhibitions have included work by the Thames-based painter Chris Gollon, the local 20th-century artist John Piper: 'The Master of Diversity in Association with Bohun Gallery and the Michael Gyselynck John Piper Collection, one of his collaborators, the potter Geoffrey Eastop, the local painter Nick Schlee, and the local furniture maker Philip Koomen. In 2006, there was an exhibition by John Piper's grandson, Luke Piper. Between November 2006 and February 2007, there was an exhibition of the illustrations of E.H. Shepard called The Man who Drew Pooh & Toad.

The museum was one of the first to have a website, which existed before the building opened.

Themes
The Museum includes four themes explored through a wide variety of exhibitions and events across four galleries and special exhibitions:

 * The past, present and future of the River Thames
 * The historic riverside community of Henley on Thames
 * The international sport of rowing
 * The Wind in the Willows

The Wind in the Willows Gallery
The permanent The Wind in the Willows exhibition includes Mr Toad, Ratty, Badger, and Mole to a location on the bank of the River Thames, whose creatures and landscapes provided the inspiration behind the original book.

E.H. Shepard's illustrations are included as 3-D models that depict the adventures of Mr Toad, Ratty, and their friends. The Museum has rights to use the original images by Shepard, who explored the meadows and willow-fringed river around nearby Pangbourne in search of settings for these illustrations. The exhibition follows the original storyline, using theatrical lighting and sound techniques to take visitors on a journey through the world of The Wind in the Willows. Interactive exhibits and specially developed audio guides help visitors feel a part of the story.

Thames Gallery
The Thames Gallery is the largest of the River & Rowing Museum's permanent galleries. It provides an interpretation of the River Thames from source to sea. The River Thames is a key element of life in the Thames Valley and the country as a whole. The gallery offers visitors a range of perspectives, looking at the river as an inspiration for the arts, as a natural habitat for wildlife and as both a source of pleasure and a means of trade. In a mix of music, art, photography, original objects, boats and oral testimony the gallery takes the visitor on a journey from the source at Kemble to the Thames Barrier. Exhibits from local and private collections illustrate the historic and social importance of the river, while interactive displays enable visitors to learn more about river management and water supply.

Aspects of the Thames in the exhibition include:

 * Travel from the hidden source to the sea
 * Thames paintings in the gallery and on terminals
 * The wildlife and the bugs that make their home in and alongside the river
 * Music, poetry and literature inspired by the Thames, from Conrad to The Kinks
 * The craftsmanship of boat builders from log boats to skiffs and punts
 * How the Thames has been managed throughout the ages
 * The importance of weirs, locks and bridges and meet some of their custodians
 * Stories told by members of riverside communities

Schwarzenbach International Rowing Gallery
There is a contemporary painting by the entrance, Gollon At Henley, painted by Chris Gollon and commissioned by the River & Rowing Museum in 2008. The image shows a defeated crew at Henley Royal Regatta. Inside the gallery, the story of international rowing is presented, allowing the visitor to experience the sport and understand what it is like to compete on the water.

Rowing is one of the world's oldest sports and the gallery tells its story in detail. On display are many objects no previously shown in public, film footage showing races, and a range of interactive exhibits of general interest. Sections include exhibits on the following:

 * Six communities who relied on the oar for their livelihood
 * A race at the Henley Royal Regatta in 360° panoramic vision
 * Rowing across the world, and throughout the centuries
 * Races at the Olympics, Boat Race, etc.
 * Professional rowers, sports stars of their day
 * Coaches and boat builders whose work has allowed champions to flourish
 * Racing craft spanning 200 years of design and innovation

Invesco Perpetual Henley Gallery
The Invesco Perpetual Henley Gallery tells the story of the town of Henley-on-Thames, built by the river. The history presented covers industry, arts, the Civil War, sports, etc. An interactive touch-screen allows visitors to take a virtual tour around the streets of Henley, travel back through time to when the town was established, see how it has changed over time, and how it became famous for rowing.

The Museum acquired an Iron Age coin hoard in 2009. It is made up of 32 gold coins dating from approximately 50 AD. It was found in Henley in 2003 and is the only hoard of British-made Iron Age coins from Oxfordshire to have survived intact. They have been acquired jointly by the River & Rowing Museum and the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford.

Henley was established in the 12th century when its location by the river made it convenient as an inland port for shipping timber, grain, and firewood to the rapidly growing city of London. From this time onwards, the town's fortunes were linked to the river and transport. Boats, stagecoaches, railway engines and motors have in turn brought goods and people to the town for business and pleasure. Henley Royal Regatta has made the town of Henley-on-Thames an international centre of rowing. Established in 1839, and gaining a royal patron in 1851, the Regatta brings together leading international oarsmen and women and is considered to be part of the English social calendar. Town and Regatta celebrations since 1899 are presented on film in the gallery.

Painted in 1698 by the Dutch master Jan Siberechts (1627–c.1703), Henley from the Wargrave Road has its own room off the Henley Gallery. A masterpiece displaying the multifaceted life of the town and surrounding countryside, it is one of a series of English landscapes by Siberechts, The painting is a record of social history, showing the river trade, agriculture, and social hierarchy, alongside a still familiar view of the town. Henley from the Wargrave Road was purchased with the assistance of the National Art Collections Fund and the Heritage Lottery Fund.

Special exhibitions
Treasures Gallery, Sir Graham Kirkham Gallery, and The Wall provide venues for special exhibitions throughout the year. The Museum's exhibition programme is designed around its major themes and includes exhibitions that have a family appeal as well as more specialist exhibitions. Topics range from celebrations of major events and anniversaries to arts, crafts, and sculpture or in-depth investigations.

title: River and Rowing Museum


text:
The Killing Fields (soundtrack)

The Killing Fields is the 10th record album by Mike Oldfield, released on 26 November 1984 by Virgin Records in the UK. It was the soundtrack album for the British drama film of the same name based on the experiences of two journalists in the Khmer Rouge regime in Cambodia. It is the only full-length film score written by Oldfield.

The music was orchestrated by David Bedford. The Killing Fields was re-released in a remastered edition format on 29 January 2016, as per all previous albums which were originally released on the Virgin label.

History
Though Oldfield's music had been used in films before (see The Exorcist and The Space Movie), this was the first time he had written specifically for film, and so far the only time. Oldfield composed the album on a Fairlight CMI.

Like many soundtracks, the album is not a comprehensive record of all the Oldfield music used in the film. Most notably, the music accompanying the darkroom sequence does not feature on the album. The single from the album, "Étude", is taken from the Francisco Tarrega piece "Recuerdos de la Alhambra".

Oldfield's work on the score was partially instigated by Virgin boss Richard Branson when he took Oldfield to see David Puttnam, a producer on the film, which then secured him the role.

Oldfield spent six months working on the score for The Killing Fields before going on tour, but when Oldfield returned, the producers of the film asked for more music to be written, prompting Oldfield to ask for the use of an orchestra and a choir; three months later the score was finished. It was released just a few months after Oldfield's previous album, Discovery.

In Canada, the album reached #90 in the Top Album charts.

Track listing
All tracks written by Mike Oldfield, except where stated.

Side one

 * 1) "Pran's Theme" – 0:44
 * 2) "Requiem for a City" – 2:11
 * 3) "Evacuation" – 5:14
 * 4) "Pran's Theme 2" – 1:41
 * 5) "Capture" – 2:24
 * 6) "Execution" – 4:47
 * 7) "Bad News" – 1:14
 * 8) "Pran's Departure" – 2:08

Side two

 * 1) "Worksite" – 1:16
 * 2) "The Year Zero" – 0:28 (David Bedford)
 * 3) "Blood Sucking" – 1:19
 * 4) "The Year Zero 2" – 0:37
 * 5) "Pran's Escape" / "The Killing Fields" – 3:17
 * 6) "The Trek" – 2:02
 * 7) "The Boy's Burial" / "Pran Sees the Red Cross" – 2:24
 * 8) "Good News" – 1:46
 * 9) "Étude" – 4:37 (Francisco Tárrega, arranged by Mike Oldfield)

2016 remaster

 * 1) "Pran's Theme"
 * 2) "Requiem for a City"
 * 3) "Evacuation"
 * 4) "Pran's Theme 2"
 * 5) "Capture"
 * 6) "Execution"
 * 7) "Bad News"
 * 8) "Pran's Departure"
 * 9) "Worksite"
 * 10) "The Year Zero"
 * 11) "Blood Sucking"
 * 12) "The Year Zero 2"
 * 13) "Pran's Escape" / "The Killing Fields"
 * 14) "The Trek"
 * 15) "The Boy's Burial" / "Pran Sees the Red Cross"
 * 16) "Good News"
 * 17) "Étude"
 * 18) "Evacuation (Single edit)" (Bonus track)
 * 19) "Étude (Single edit)" (Bonus track)

Personnel

 * Mike Oldfield – guitars (Gibson Les Paul Junior and SG Junior), synthesizers (including Sequential Circuits Prophet 5, Oberheim OB-Xa, DMX, and Roland VP-330), Fairlight CMI, producer, engineer
 * Preston Heyman – oriental percussion
 * Morris Pert – percussion
 * Eberhard Schoener – conductor
 * Bavarian State Orchestra
 * Tölzer Boys Choir

title: The Killing Fields (soundtrack)


text:
Name Your Adventure

Name Your Adventure is an American reality series that aired on Saturday mornings during NBC's TNBC line-up. Created and executive produced by Kerri Zane and Scott Friedland. The series was hosted by Mario Lopez, Jordan Brady, and Tatyana Ali, the series ran from September 12, 1992 to September 2, 1995.

Synopsis
The show was about making the dreams of ordinary teenagers come true. Viewers would submit letters to be chosen. Then the hosts of the show would go to a lucky teenager's house, surprise him or her and join in as he or she experienced the ultimate adventure, whether it was to be an actor, a track star or an astrologer.

On one episode, a teenager got to meet President Bill Clinton. Another episode saw Mario Lopez take a teen who wanted to be an Olympic diver on an adventure to meet Olympic Diving Gold Medalist, Greg Louganis. Another featured a teen becoming a roadie and setting up a concert for Richard Marx. Other episodes featured teenagers in Alaska with working alongside the U.S.G.S. A pas de deux with the lead dancers of the Joffrey Ballet. Tap dancing with Gregory Hines, to name a few.

title: Name Your Adventure


text:
Take Your Pick!

Take Your Pick! is a British game show originally broadcast by Radio Luxembourg starting in 1952. The show was transferred to television in 1955, one day after the launch of ITV, where it continued until 1968. It was the first game show broadcast in the UK to offer cash prizes.

The programme was later revived from 24 February 1992 to 23 December 1999. The show featured female assistants to accompany Des O'Connor. They were Jodie Wilson in the first two of the revived series, then Gayle and Gillian Blakeney in 1994, followed by Sarah Matravers (1996) and Sasha Lawrence in 1998.

History
The first version of the television show was produced by Associated-Rediffusion (later Rediffusion London), while the revival was made by Thames Television, whose arrival as the new London weekday ITV company had led to the demise of the original show.

During the gameplay, contestants would answer a series of questions without using the words yes or no in what was known as the "Yes-No Interlude". If they inadvertently used a 'yes' or a 'no' in answering a question, they would be gonged off the stage. If successful, however, contestants would answer more questions to win modest monetary prizes. At the climax of the show, contestants would be offered the choice to either keep all the money they had earned or trade it for a mystery prize contained in a box. The prize could be something valuable such as a holiday or a washing machine, or a booby prize such as a mousetrap or a bag of sweets.

The first version was hosted by Michael Miles. After its demise, Miles hosted a similar show for Southern Television called Wheel of Fortune, not to be confused with the later Wheel of Fortune of the same title. Bob Danvers-Walker, who was the voice of Pathé News from 1940 until its demise in 1970, was the show's announcer. Alec Dane was on hand to bang the gong. Harold Smart was at the electronic organ. A similar formula was used for Pot of Gold, another game show hosted by O'Connor.

Singer and TV presenter Des O'Connor became the host for the second version, which aired from 1992 to 1999. His future wife, Australian born Jodie Wilson, was one of the hostesses; she would later be replaced by former Neighbours twins Gayle and Gillian Blakeney, also from Australia.

A one-off revival was broadcast in 2005 as part of Ant & Dec's Gameshow Marathon, a celebrity game show tournament produced as part of commemorations of ITV's 50th anniversary. Another one-off revival was broadcast as part of the similar 2020 ITV series Alan Carr's Epic Gameshow. filmed at Dock10 studios, This version added a bonus round, where one of the contestants selects boxes from rows of a pyramid, and could risk their prizes for a chance at a major prize inside one of two "golden boxes" placed at the top of the pyramid.

Yes-No interlude
In this opening game, the host asked the contestant a series of questions in a 60-second span. The contestant could not say "yes" or "no", nor could they nod or shake their heads. If they did, the co-host would bang the gong and the next contestant would be introduced. Those completing the minute successfully were awarded five shillings. In the 1992–1999 version they were awarded £1 a second.

Box numbers and the prizes
There were 10 boxes numbered from 1 to 10. Three of them would contain booby prizes, one would contain a card awarding a star prize (e.g., a small car or holiday package), and six would contain cards announcing other prizes (e.g., appliances, furniture, or a "treasure chest" of cash (£50 in the Miles series, £500 in the first O'Connor series, £1,000 for the remaining series). No-one, including the host, knew which prize was in each box. However, the audience was given a preview of the actual prizes, shown on screen, and listed by Bob Danvers-Walker, from off-screen. The list always culminated in the announcement of "tonight's star prize".

Contestants would be asked general-knowledge questions. If they answered three out of four questions correctly, they picked a key from a set of ten, corresponding to one of the first ten boxes. The host would then try to buy back the key with increasing amounts of cash, up to about £50 (or, in the revival, a number of hundreds of pounds). One box also included a key to box 13, which would trigger another round of bidding while the contestant had to choose between their first prize, cash, or box 13 which could have an expensive household item or a booby prize.

Cultural references
A sketch in Monty Python's Flying Circus (called "Spot the Brain Cell" in a later audio version) features John Cleese portraying a wildly exaggerated version of Michael Miles. One contestant opts to play for a blow on the head and, after rejecting several offered "prizes" that are actually forms of physical abuse, receives it in the form of being hit over the head with a giant mallet. An early version of this sketch appeared in At Last the 1948 Show. For a time, after Miles' death, the sketch was not shown by the BBC, but it has since been reinstated.

Also, in the Dirty Hungarian Phrasebook sketch in Monty Python's Flying Circus, a prosecutor (played by Eric Idle) plays the game with Alexander Yalt (played by Michael Palin). The prosecutor manages to gong Yalt "out" for answering a question with "yes" (although Yalt was probably unaware of playing the game in the first place).

A sketch in the BBC Radio comedy series The Burkiss Way featured a "Dinosaur-Cheese Interlude", in which contestants were required to answer questions without mentioning any species of dinosaur or any variety of cheese. Naturally, all the contestants did accidentally mention them. The sketch was resurrected in an episode of The Kenny Everett Television Show (which shared the same scriptwriters).

A fifth-season episode of the radio show Hancock's Half Hour (broadcast May 1958) had Tony Hancock appear on the (unnamed) show and win £4,000.

The British progressive rock band Hatfield and the North named one of their songs "The Yes No Interlude". It is included in their second LP, The Rotters' Club. Also the song "Fitter Stoke has a bath" on the same LP, contains the lyrics "Michael Miles, bogey man".

The 1970s radio programme I'm Sorry, I'll Read That Again made frequent references to Take Your Pick! with phrases such as (in this case, apropos of a vampire rabbit and its coffin): "Stake the bunny!" "Hop in the box!"

title: Take Your Pick!


text:
RAR

RAR or Rar may refer to:

 * Radio acoustic ranging, a non-visual technique for determining a ship's position at sea
 * "rar", the ISO 639-2 code for the Cook Islands Māori language
 * RAR (file format), a proprietary compressed archive file format in computer software
 * Rarotonga International Airport, Cook Islands, IATA code RAR
 * Rarus, or Rar, a figure in Greek mythology
 * Retinoic acid receptor, a type of protein
 * Rhodesian African Rifles, a unit of the Rhodesian Army
 * Rock Against Racism, a UK movement
 * Rock am Ring and Rock im Park, a German rock music festival
 * Royal Australian Regiment, a unit of the Australian Army
 * Ruger American Rifle, a line of centerfire bolt-action rifles
 * Grupo RAR, a Portuguese company
 * WinRAR, RAR, and UNRAR computer software for compressed archive files
 * Ridotto Alpino Repubblicano, Republican Alpine Redoubt (RAR), intended last stronghold of the Italian fascists at the end of World War II
 * Rarh region, region in eastern India

title: RAR


text:
Blue-bellied parrot

The blue-bellied parrot or purple-bellied parrot (Triclaria malachitacea) is the only species in its genus. It is generally considered endemic to the humid Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil, but there are two unconfirmed records from Misiones in Argentina. It occurs up to 1000 m. (3300 ft).

It is a relatively long-tailed parrot with a total length of c. 28 cm. (11 in). It is green overall and the beak is whitish. Only the male has the bluish-purple patch on the belly for which this species is named. It has a whistled call and pairs will sing in duet, but it is typically fairly quiet and therefore easily overlooked.

It has been recorded feeding on seeds, fruits, flower buds, nectar and some insects. The nest is placed in the cavity of a large tree or palm. It nests between September (October in Rio Grande do Sul) and January. The pair is highly territorial during the breeding season.

Much of the original forest cover in its range has been removed in favour of cultivated crops like tobacco and bananas. Now mostly restricted to remnant forest strips on slopes and ridges, which cover far less than 10% of the original range. Previously, it was believed that 5,000–10,000 birds survived, but recent evidence suggests that c. 10,000 survive in the state of Rio Grande do Sul alone. Significant populations also exists in the states of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, but population estimates for these are not available. Regardless, numbers are dwindling throughout its range due to further habitat changes. The cage-bird trade is not considered a major threat at this point, as only a small number are captured for the local market, but nevertheless fair numbers reached the Netherlands in the 1970-1980s. It occurs in 14 protected areas.

title: Blue-bellied parrot


text:
User:Sleeter

Search user languages

Introduction
Hello!

My real life name is Matthew.

I'm happily into Discworld MUD, which was the first place I used the name Sleeter and it stuck. Discworld MUD is based on the Discworld novels written by Terry Pratchett

I've been a creator on Discworld several times, but recently resigned from the position so that I can focus 100% of my energy on studying for my upcoming A-Level course at Coleg Glan Hafren. I also quit my job recently as I will be going to College full time and need to do well.

I'm new to Wikipedia, but understand the concept because Discworld MUD's creators have access to tWiki, which, although used for different things, has a similar implementation.

I have my own Discworld MUD web pages for those of you who've gotten interested by reading this and would like to read some more. If you are interested then I would advise you to have a go. It's all explained in the 'newbie area' when you first log on and there are more than enough help files.

Well, have fun and remember, don't explode.

--Sleeter 09:19, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User:Sleeter


text:
User:Dr Ellipso

I am Ellipso: a Reverend and a Doctor of Metaphysics. My work can be seen between certain particles of dust which appear just before bedtime. I am perhaps best known as a manipulator of reason and an expensive thinker. My greatest achievement thus far has been my dissertation on the influence of psychic static on the orbit of Neptune, which, naturally, has never been read by myself.

title: User:Dr Ellipso


text:
User talk:Dr Ellipso

Welcome to Wikipedia!
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia!

Here are some tips:
 * Take a look at the Simplified Ruleset.
 * Read the Tutorial, How to edit a page and the Manual of Style.
 * Find out how to revert, move and merge pages.
 * Sign your posts on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~).
 * Add yourself to the New user log and a regional notice board
 * Ask questions at the Village pump or Help desk.
 * Use the Show preview button
 * Provide an Edit summary
 * Add the correct image copyright tag to any images you upload
 * Create a User page
 * Be bold
 * Ignore all rules

If you feel a change is needed, feel free to make it yourself! Wikipedia is a wiki, so anyone (yourself included) can edit any article by following the  link. Wikipedia convention is to be bold and not be afraid of making mistakes. If you're not sure how editing works, have a look at How to edit a page, or try out the Sandbox to test your editing skills.

If, for some reason, you are unable to fix a problem yourself, feel free to ask someone else to do it. Wikipedia has a vibrant community of contributors who have a wide range of skills and specialties, and many of them would be glad to help. As well as the wiki community pages there are IRC Channels, where you are more than welcome to ask for assistance.

If you have any questions, feel free to ask me on my talk page. Thanks and happy editing, Alphax τεχ 09:17, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:Docanim.gif
Thanks for uploading Image:Docanim.gif. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the media also doesn't have a copyright tag then you must also add one. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then you can use GFDL-self to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media qualifies as fair use, please read fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other media, please check that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Shyam ( T / C ) 20:55, 10 March 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Dr Ellipso


text:
User talk:Zerathidune

Welcome to Wikipedia!
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia!

Here are some tips:
 * Take a look at the Simplified Ruleset.
 * Read the Tutorial, How to edit a page and the Manual of Style.
 * Find out how to revert, move and merge pages.
 * Sign your posts on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~).
 * Add yourself to the New user log and a regional notice board
 * Ask questions at the Village pump or Help desk.
 * Use the Show preview button
 * Provide an Edit summary
 * Add the correct image copyright tag to any images you upload
 * Create a User page
 * Be bold
 * Ignore all rules

If you feel a change is needed, feel free to make it yourself! Wikipedia is a wiki, so anyone (yourself included) can edit any article by following the  link. Wikipedia convention is to be bold and not be afraid of making mistakes. If you're not sure how editing works, have a look at How to edit a page, or try out the Sandbox to test your editing skills.

If, for some reason, you are unable to fix a problem yourself, feel free to ask someone else to do it. Wikipedia has a vibrant community of contributors who have a wide range of skills and specialties, and many of them would be glad to help. As well as the wiki community pages there are IRC Channels, where you are more than welcome to ask for assistance.

If you have any questions, feel free to ask me on my talk page. Thanks and happy editing, Alphax τεχ 09:17, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Zerathidune


text:
Shaastra

Shaastra is the annual technical festival of the Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IITM), Chennai, India. The Sanskrit word ‘Shaastra’ means a subject of study/branch of knowledge and the festival accordingly consists of various engineering, science and technology competitions, summits, lectures, video conferences, exhibitions, demonstrations and workshops. The festival is traditionally held over four days and four nights during the first week of January. It has so far seen twenty one editions, having started in its current avatar in the year 2000. Shaastra attracts participation from all over India, and seeks to provide collegiate students with a platform to showcase their scientific and engineering talents. Shaastra is entirely student managed and is the first such event in the world to be ISO 9001:2015 certified for implementing a Quality Management System. It is one of Asia's largest completely student-run techno-managerial festivals.

History
In 1996, Prof. R Natarajan took over as director and instituted several committees to study several ways of improving IIT Madras. One of his committees, the committee on new mechanisms of Teacher Learning Interactions, was tasked with coming up with ways of inspiring students. This committee, headed by Prof. Ajit Kumar Kolar, came up with a suggestion to create a technology festival in IIT Madras. On the behest of Prof. U R Rao, chairman of the board of governors of the institute, in 1997, several students came together and staged 'Pragmaa', a technical festival, in 1997, and then in 1999.

Students applied for and took on the role of Coordinators for various events. A set of colleges around the country was targeted and the amount required to run the event was raised through sponsorship agreements. The first edition of Shaastra was thus planned and took place starting 9 March 2000. Since then, Shaastra has continued to expand year by year, and has established itself as one of the premiermost technical fest in India. The 2020 edition of Shaastra, was held in January, with the theme 'Parsec to Planck'. The 2020 edition of Shaastra saw prominent speakers including Dr. V.K. Saraswat, Mr. Suresh Prabhu, Mr. Robin Li, Arunachalam Muruganathan and Dr. C. Rangarajan. The last two editions of Shaastra, in 2021 & 2022, were held completely virtually keeping in mind the pandemic restrictions. These editions featured several prominent speakers gracing the fest, including Dr. Shashi Tharoor, Dr. Raghuram Rajan, Ms. Carolina Marin & Dr. John L. Hennessy.

title: Shaastra


text:
Merion station

Merion station is a SEPTA Regional Rail station on the Paoli/Thorndale Line, located in Merion, Pennsylvania just outside of Philadelphia. Merion has two low-level side platforms with pathways connecting the platforms to the inner tracks.

History
The station building, constructed in 1917 by the Pennsylvania Railroad, is a designated historic station. It replaced an earlier structure built in the 1860s. It is one of the few historic stations to retain a complex of similarly-designed buildings: the passenger depot on the inbound side, and on the outbound side a still-active post office, outbound waiting room (now unused), and baggage building (also unused). SEPTA completed work to replace the station building's slate tile roof and renovate the outbound canopy in late 2007.

Amtrak stopped some westbound Silverliner Service trains at Merion until 1979.

title: Merion station


text:
Albuquerque Biological Park

The ABQ BioPark (or Albuquerque Biological Park) is an environmental museum located in Albuquerque, New Mexico. The park contains four separate facilities:

 * ABQ BioPark Aquarium - An aquarium with a 285000 gal ocean tank containing Gulf of Mexico saltwater species from estuaries, surf zone, shallow waters, coral reefs, and ocean, as well as many other exhibits.
 * ABQ BioPark Botanic Garden - A 36 acre botanic garden that includes a 10000 sqft glass conservatory housing plants from desert and Mediterranean climate zones.
 * ABQ BioPark Zoo - A 64 acre zoo, with 2.5 mi of paths and more than 250 species of exotic and native animals. Asian elephants, reticulated giraffes, Malayan tigers, snow leopards, polar bears, hippos, gorillas, chimpanzees, Hartmann's mountain zebras, along with more unusual animals such as spotted hyenas, southern white rhinos, Tasmanian devils, wombats and African wild dogs. There is a variety of birds, from storks and eagles to roadrunners.
 * Tingley Beach - fishing lake, model boating lake, picnic areas, narrow gauge railroad, and paths.

Collectively the four facilities see about 1.5 million visitors a year. The ABQ BioPark is an accredited member of the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA). City records indicate more than 1,100 animals are in the BioPark's care during the fiscal year (as of December 2016).

The ABQ BioPark also operates a 36" narrow gauge railroad that connects these facilities. Trains are not running at this time due to COVID-19.The Albuquerque Biopark has been without its train for almost two years, however there is a new plan in mind which includes a new electric tram speed that will take visitors between the zoo, botanical gardens and aquarium. The BioPark train, a popular part of the BioPark experience, has been gone for almost two years. The new electric tram will transport about 60 people from the zoo to the aquarium in a few minutes. The electric tram is set to stay on track, starting from the zoo, to Tingley beach, then to the botanical gardens.

title: Albuquerque Biological Park


text:
Eggmühl

Eggmühl (formerly known in English as Eggmuhl or Eckmühl) is a village of Germany, in Bavaria, on the Große Laaber, 20 km S.E. of Regensburg. Since 1978, it is part of the municipality Schierling. It is famous as the site of a battle fought on the 22 April 1809 during the War of the Fifth Coalition between the French, the Bavarians, the Württembergers under Napoleon, and the Austrians under the Archduke Charles, which resulted in the defeat of the latter. Napoleon, in recognition of Marshal Davout's great share in the victory, conferred on him the title of Prince of Eckmühl.

title: Eggmühl


text:
Heawood number

In mathematics, the Heawood number of a surface is an upper bound for the number of colors that suffice to color any graph embedded in the surface.

In 1890 Heawood proved for all surfaces except the sphere that no more than

 * $$ H(S)=\left\lfloor\frac{7+\sqrt{49-24 e(S)}}{2}\right\rfloor = \left\lfloor\frac{7+\sqrt{1+48 g(S)}}{2}\right\rfloor$$

colors are needed to color any graph embedded in a surface of Euler characteristic $$e(S)$$, or genus $$g(S)$$ for an orientable surface. The number $$H(S)$$ became known as Heawood number in 1976.

Franklin proved that the chromatic number of a graph embedded in the Klein bottle can be as large as $$6$$, but never exceeds $$6$$. Later it was proved in the works of Gerhard Ringel, J. W. T. Youngs, and other contributors that the complete graph with $$H(S)$$ vertices can be embedded in the surface $$S$$ unless $$S$$ is the Klein bottle. This established that Heawood's bound could not be improved.

For example, the complete graph on $$7$$ vertices can be embedded in the torus as follows:

The case of the sphere is the four-color conjecture, which was settled by Kenneth Appel and Wolfgang Haken in 1976.

title: Heawood number


text:
Narberth station (SEPTA)

Narberth station is a SEPTA Regional Rail station in Narberth, Pennsylvania. Located at Haverford and Narberth Avenues in Narberth, Pennsylvania, it serves most Paoli/Thorndale Line trains with the exception of several express runs.

The station was rebuilt around 1980 in a minimalist style common to that era, replacing a dilapidated wooden structure, under an agreement between SEPTA and the Narberth Borough Council, championed by Narberth Councilman Bharat Bhargava. The Ivy Ridge station was also built in the same style. A train crash occurred on the curve here on November 21, 1984 injuring 150 people.

The ticket office at this station is open weekdays 6:15 a.m. to 1:35 p.m. excluding holidays. There are 111 parking spaces at the station, with 3 bicycle racks accommodating up to 15 bicycles.

This station is in fare zone 2 and is 6.8 track miles from Suburban Station. In 2017, the average total weekday boardings at this station was 714, and the average total weekday alightings was 713.

Station layout
Narberth has two low-level side platforms with pathways connecting the platforms to the inner tracks.

title: Narberth station (SEPTA)


text:
Amersham Museum

Amersham Museum at 49 and 51 High Street is a small local museum based in Amersham, Buckinghamshire, England. It is located on the High Street in Old Amersham.

The museum is partly located in a 15th-century half-timbered house, listed Grade II on the National Heritage List for England, with a herb garden to the rear, and covers local history. It has collections of fossils and archaeological finds, including objects from Roman and mediaeval times, and displays on local crafts including chairmaking, lace making and straw plait. It originally opened to the public in 1991. In 1993 the museum won a National Heritage Award. In 2001 it was extended at the front of the museum, and in 2005 it employed its first professional curator.

In 2017 the Museum re-opened following a major development that included expansion into the neighbouring property at 51 High Street, a former post office. This enabled the museum to create a new introductory exhibition gallery, combined activity and temporary exhibition space, two collections stores, indoor adapted WC and lift. The museum also gained a modern glass reception and shop.

In March 2024 the Museum re-opened with a new temporary exhibition gallery, the Marie-Louise von Motesiczky Gallery, named for the emigree Austrian artist who lived in Amersham during the Second World War, and whose Charitable Trust funded the redevelopment.

, the museum is open from 12noon to 4.30pm from Wednesdays to Sundays plus Bank Holiday Mondays. Normal admission is £6 for adults (£7 including donation) children free. An annual pass, allowing access for a full year, is £10.

title: Amersham Museum


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Prickly shark

The prickly shark (Echinorhinus cookei) is one of the two species of sharks in the family Echinorhinidae (the other one is the bramble shark), found in the Pacific Ocean over continental and insular shelves and slopes, and in submarine canyons. Bottom-dwelling in nature, it generally inhabits cool waters 100 - 650 m deep, but it also frequently enters shallower water in areas such as Monterey Bay off California. This stocky, dark-colored shark grows up to 4.0 m long, with two small dorsal fins positioned far back on its body and no anal fin. It is characterized by a dense covering of thorn-like dermal denticles, hence its common name.

Nocturnally active, the prickly shark rests during the day in deeper offshore waters and performs a diel migration to shallower inshore waters at dusk. Individual sharks have a small home range and tend to remain within a given local area. This species consumes a variety of bony and cartilaginous fishes, and cephalopods. Since it moves slowly, it may use suction to capture prey. It is aplacental viviparous, with females producing sizable litters. The prickly shark is not known to be dangerous to humans and has minimal economic value. It is caught incidentally by commercial deepwater fisheries, which are expanding and may potentially threaten its population. Thus, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has assessed this species as Data Deficient.

Taxonomy
Austrian ichthyologist Viktor Pietschmann described the prickly shark as a new species in two separate publications: a brief German account in a 1928 volume of Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien and a more detailed English account in a 1930 volume of Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin. Pietschmann named the shark in honor of Charles Montague Cooke Jr., a conchologist at the Bishop Museum. However, prickly sharks were continually misidentified as bramble sharks (E. brucus) and referred to as such in scientific literature until 1960, when Jack Garrick redescribed the species. Since the original holotype from Kauai, Hawaii had been lost, Garrick designated a 2.0 m long male from Palliser Bay, New Zealand as a new type specimen. Other common names for this species include Cook's bramble shark and spinous shark.

Description
The prickly shark has a flabby and cylindrical body, with the adults markedly bulkier than juveniles, and a short, moderately flattened head. The nostrils are placed far apart and preceded by small flaps of skin. The spiracles are tiny and positioned well behind the eyes, which lack nictitating membranes. The mouth forms a broad arch, with very short furrows at the corners. There are 21–25 and 20–27 tooth rows in the upper and lower jaws respectively. The knife-like teeth each have a strongly angled main cusp flanked by up to three smaller cusplets on either side; the lateral cusplets are absent in young sharks. There are five pairs of gill slits, with the fifth pair the longest.

The lateral line runs along each side of body in a conspicuous furrow. The pectoral fins are short, while the pelvic fins are relatively large with long bases. The first dorsal fin is small and originates at or behind the level of the pelvic fin origins; the second dorsal fin is similar to the first and positioned close behind. The anal fin is absent, and the stout caudal peduncle lacks depressions at the caudal fin origins. The caudal fin has a longer upper lobe without a notch in the trailing margin, and an indistinct lower lobe. The skin has a dense, uniform covering of non-overlapping dermal denticles measuring up to 0.4 cm across, which are never fused together as in the bramble shark. Each denticle is thorn-like, with strong ridges running down the central spine and radiating out over the star-shaped base. The denticles beneath the snout are very fine in adults. The prickly shark is plain brown or gray, often with a purplish tint, and has black trailing margins on the fins. The underside is paler, most obviously on the snout and around the mouth. It may reach a length of 4.0 m. The maximum recorded weight is 266 kg for a 3.1 m long female.

Distribution and habitat
The prickly shark is widely distributed around the Pacific Ocean. In the western and central Pacific, it has been reported off Japan, Taiwan, Victoria and Queensland in Australia, and New Zealand, as well as around the islands of Palau, New Caledonia, Tonga, Hawaii, and possibly the Gilberts. In the eastern Pacific, it is known to occur from Oregon to El Salvador (including the Gulf of California), around the Cocos and Galapagos Islands, and off Peru and Chile. This species generally seems to be uncommon; an exception is in Monterey Canyon off California, where sharks of both sexes are abundant throughout the year.

Favoring cooler temperatures of 5.5 - 11 C, the prickly shark is mostly found below depths of 100 - 200 m, particularly in the tropics. It has been recorded from at least 650 m down and may occur much deeper, possibly to 1500 m. On the other hand, at higher latitudes it frequently enters shallow inshore waters; for example, in Monterey Canyon it can be consistently found at depths of 15 - 35 m, and off Moss Landing one individual was captured in water only 4 m deep. This shark inhabits continental and insular shelves and slopes, where it swims close to the bottom. It can also be found inside submarine canyons, close to the walls. It prefers areas with a muddy or sandy substrate. It is tolerant of low dissolved oxygen levels, allowing it to inhabit oceanic basins inaccessible to other sharks.

Biology and ecology
The prickly shark is a slow swimmer and has been observed hovering just above the sea floor. A tracking study in Monterey Canyon found that this species exhibits strong diel migration patterns. The sharks were inactive during the day, resting in discrete refuge areas located near the sea floor in deep, offshore waters. They became active at dusk, swimming towards the coast to the head of the canyon and rising into the water column; this upward movement is likely related to feeding on schooling fishes. Individual sharks seldom strayed from the local area and had very small home ranges, no more than 2.2 sqkm. The prickly sharks in Monterey Canyon regularly form aggregations that may number over thirty.

The size and structure of the prickly shark's mouth and pharynx suggests that it uses suction to capture prey. This species feeds on a variety of benthic and pelagic bony fishes, including hake, flounders, rockfishes, lingcod, topsmelt, mackerel, and herring, and on cartilaginous fishes, including elephantfishes (Callorhinchus), spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias), young bluntnose sixgill sharks (Hexanchus griseus), and ghost catshark (Apristurus) egg cases. Octopuses and squid, including the Humboldt squid (Dosidicus gigas) are also consumed. Young prickly sharks may themselves fall prey to the bluntnose sixgill shark, while adults likely face few threats. Reproduction in this species is aplacental viviparous, with the unborn young sustained by yolk. There is only one known record of a pregnant female, which was gestating 114 embryos; this ranks among the largest known litters from any shark. The young are probably under 40 cm long at birth. The length at sexual maturity has not been precisely determined but is thought to be around 2.0 m for males and 2.5 - 3.0 m for females.

Human interactions
Interactions with divers show that the prickly shark behaves inoffensively towards humans, either tolerating contact or fleeing when closely approached. It is susceptible to incidental capture by commercial bottom trawls, gillnets, or line gear. It has little commercial value since the meat is soft and poorly regarded.

Conservation status
In June 2018 the New Zealand Department of Conservation classified the prickly shark as "At Risk – Naturally Uncommon" with the qualifiers "Data Poor" and "Secure Overseas" under the New Zealand Threat Classification System. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has assessed the prickly shark as Data Deficient, citing its patchy known distribution and the continuing expansion of deepwater fisheries.

title: Prickly shark


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Workmen's Village, Amarna

The Workmen's Village, located in the desert 1.2 km east of the ancient city of Akhetaten (modern Amarna), was built during the reign of the Eighteenth Dynasty pharaoh Akhenaten. It housed the workers who constructed and decorated the tombs of the city's elite, making it comparable to the better studied Theban workers village of Deir el-Medina. Though an isolated part of Amarna, the Workmen's Village provides many well preserved artifacts and buildings allowing archaeologists to gather much information about how society functioned.

Excavation history
The Workmen's Village has been known since the surveys of British Egyptologist Flinders Petrie in the 1890s, but was first excavated in 1921 by the Egypt Exploration Society. At this time it was known as the Eastern Village. Two seasons of excavation were undertaken by T. Eric Peet and Leonard Woolley; the first season excavated four houses as a test of the site and the second season excavated approximately half of the village. Some of the tomb chapels that surround the village were also excavated. The Egypt Exploration Society resumed excavations in 1979 led by Barry Kemp and concluded in 1986. These excavations focused on the areas immediately surrounding the walled village.

Walled village
The village is located on the floor of a Y-shaped valley. The South Tombs, which are within easy walking distance, are the only part of the city directly visible from this isolated location. The walled village from which the settlement takes its name occupies an area of approximately 70 square meters and is surrounded by an outer wall 75-80 cm thick. It has a single entrance on the southern side and is divided into two unequal halves by an equally thick inner wall; this inner wall is the old outer wall as the western portion of the village is an expansion. Seventy-two houses of identical size are found inside this area, with one larger house with its own garden that presumably belonged to an official overseer; another larger house was found in the western section. Each house was 5 m wide and 10 m long, and constructed of mudbrick with some stone used around the base of the walls. Thresholds were often made of cut stone but no stone walls were found. The interior was divided into four main rooms: the "entrance hall", "living room", "bedroom", and "kitchen". Stairs, located either in front or rear of the house, led up to a second floor. In some houses the walls had been preserved to a height of 1.8 m. Windows are not preserved but were likely small and high up to let in light but minimize dust. The interiors were once decorated but little survives. Panels of colour were found to begin about 20 cm from the floor in some houses. The best preserved decoration depicts dancing figures of Bes along with the goddess Taweret, and in a separate house a scene of women and girls who may be musicians or dancers. Finds from within the houses are consistent with everyday life: amulets, beads, fragments of matting, spindle whorls, rings, headrests, and pottery.

The earliest example of human fleas come from the Workmen's Village. High frequencies of both fleas and bed bugs were encountered implying that ectoparasite levels were high in the population, with the cramped conditions of the village serving as a possible breeding ground for disease.

The village contains no well so water along with food stuffs and animal fodder must have been brought in from the city. The likely distribution point is close to a building on the edge of town that probably served as a checkpoint. There is evidence that animals were kept both inside and immediately outside the village. This evidence comes in the form of animal pens in the south-western part of the village and mangers in the main street, as well as buildings directly in front of the village and to the east. The remains of cow, pig, and goat were found in the rubbish dumps. The limited range of cattle bones recovered indicates that joints of beef were likely part of the rations and that they were not being raised on-site. Pigs, fed grain, were raised in covered pens, and goats, fed vegetable material, were raised in separate areas surrounding the village. The inhabitants also made attempts to garden in the areas below and between the chapels outside the village. The fact the villagers were going to such efforts to try to be partially self-sufficient indicates that the state had a limited role in providing for the needs of the people. It can be postulated that the villagers used the animals they raised to pay for the extra water and grain needed for the animals.

Residents
The village resembles the Theban Deir el-Medina, and at least one individual bore the same title as the Deir el-Medina workers - "Servant of the Place [of Truth]." It is possible that the residents of the Amarna village were in fact the Deir el-Medina community transplanted to the new capital. This theory is based on the conspicuous absence of Amarna Period royal name faience rings from Deir el-Medina; it appears that the village was uninhabited in this period.

Chapels and their wall paintings
Outside of the walled portion of the village approximately twenty-three chapels were built along the hillside. These chapels are generally composed of mudbrick and limestone for their construction and varied considerably in their layout. The essential features found in the more complex examples were an outer court, an inner court, and a shrine with niches. Comparison with the chapels at Deir el Medina clarify the purpose of the chapels in this village. They appear not to have been built as funerary chapels initially, but as places where divinities or family members could be worshiped, and as places where special meals could be prepared and eaten.

Main Chapel
The Main Chapel, located to the southeast of the walled village, is the largest and best understood, having been protected from robbers by piles of spoil from the excavations in the 1920s. It was built in the last stage of the occupation of the village, during the reign of Tutankhamun given it partly overlies earlier construction in the stratigraphy. The structure had two entrances: a formal one to the east and another further to the south which was probably for everyday use. The formal entrance seems to have had a pylon structure, while the southern entrance was approached by a line of T-shaped basins set into the ground. The chapel had several annexes for cooking and for housing animals.

This chapel is most well known for its colourful paintings which survive as fragments. The majority of the paintings had a yellow background, although some also occurred on a white ground. Decoration from the Sanctuary included two vultures grasping shen rings and feather fans, and a winged sun disc, and bouquets, all likely from the east wall, above the shrine doorways. At least one vulture had a vertical chequered border. No direct evidence was present for what design occurred above the vultures but evidence of a blue band of lotus petals topped by a chequer pattern is present in association with the sun disc; it is likely this decorative scheme occurred above the vultures as well. The remains of striped cavetto cornices were also found. Long-stemmed lotus flowers were also found and again probably originated from the east wall, or perhaps from the small pylons to the west. Friezes of looped open lotuses and buds also occurred but it is uncertain if these connected to the other lotus petal frieze. The paint was applied to plaster made of alluvial mud mixed with chopped straw.

The decoration of the Inner Hall featured chequered and looped lotus friezes, semi-circular garlands, male and female figures, and hieroglyphs. Paintings from the north wall are the best preserved. The faces are painted in the conventional Theban style and do not show any of the distortions associated with the Amarna Period art style. However, this is not unique to the Main Chapel, as conventional offering scenes in the conventional style are found in the innermost parts of the tomb of Huya, Panehesy, and Any. The woman wears a long wig with a fillet of lotus petals and cornflowers and topped by an incense cone while the man wears a short Nubian-style wig likewise topped with a perfume cone; both hold bouquets. They were likely seated before an offering table, of which no trace survives. Fragments of smaller-scale figures indicate there were other standing figures, likely a chantress and another woman. The south wall was less well preserved but likely featured a complimentary scene painted on a yellow ground; these figures are presumed to have been depicted standing.

Few decorated fragments survived from the Outer Hall but its design appears to have featured garlands, friezes, and figures. Designs of grape trellises and bouquets feature in the Side Chapel, along with a scene of flying ducks.

The Main Chapel was likely built to commemorate a man named Sennefer, whose name appears over the head of a male figure; based on the fragmentary hieroglyphic inscription, he may have been a scribe.

Purpose
The purpose of the chapel was, as with other New Kingdom chapels, to “experience a sense of communion with spirits”. Weatherhead and Kemp elaborate as follows: "The Workmen's Village chapels... show that people really did prepare and eat meals in spiritually charged locations... At the Amarna Workmen's Village (and at Deir el-Medina) the local combination of a small and prescribed house size and abundant external space allowed people to think more expansively and to build separate places - the chapels - which satisfied both the desire to express spirituality and the convenient accommodation of the feasting element of honouring the spiritual essence of family headship, that included ancestors... By this view, the Workmen's Village chapels are the product of contingency: the isolation of the village and its cramped interior, the unusual closeness of its cemetery, and the existence of much open space brought out within the villagers a fuller architectural expression of spiritual communion, combining meals with commemoration, than was open to people of similar or even higher social standing within the city proper."

Cemetery
Excavation by Peet and Woolley on the slopes above the chapels uncovered nine tomb shafts, of which four had never been completed. Two appear to have contained burials as fragments of a coffin, pottery, and the later interment of a child were encountered in one, and animal remains and pottery in the other. The rock is of such poor quality that sinking a tomb shaft and erecting a chapel over top of it proved impossible; the shafts were sunk at some distance from the chapels, on a ridge. Given that the chapels and tombs can be separated by up to 400 m, it is difficult to associate a shaft with a particular chapel.

Significance
In general, the site of Akhetaten dedicates the vast majority of wall painting to not only displaying the royal family alongside the Aten but also to showcasing the daily lives of the citizens as being prosperous, joyful, and lively. The Workmen's Village has suffered less disturbance than the main city, and its greater preservation provides a better chance at understanding everyday life during the Amarna Period.

The remote desert location of the Workmen's Village affords better preservation of materials such as texitles and wood, as destructive insect activity is lower. This gives perhaps a truer picture of the range of materials used for certain artefact classes, such as spindle whorls. In the main city, stone is the most common, presumably because insect activity has destroyed wooden examples that, based on finds from the Workmen's Village, would have been the most common type. Thousands of fragments of linen were excavated. Most are undyed but some preserve colours such as red, blue, purple, pink. Parts of clothing, such as entire sleeves were also preserved, allowing the identification of clothing items such as short sleeved tunics and loincloths. Small amounts of piled linen textile, probably from blankets, and some woolen fabric are also preserved at the village. Additionally, twisted linen wicks smeared with incense were found, giving a window into the scents present in homes. A particularly rare find from the village was of a whole bed with woven grass base still intact, upturned, in the street outside a house. As beds are a rare find, it is unknown how common they were in the wider society.

Religious significance
During Akhenaten's reign, the god Aten was elevated above all others. The worship of other gods was suppressed and their temples closed; Amun received the harshest treatment, with his name eventually being hacked out where it occurred. Akhenaten's devotion to the Aten culminated with his reforms of Egyptian religion in the cult of the royal family who are the sole intermediaries between the populace and the Aten and the founding of the city of Akhetaten. It appears that the general population continued their traditional worship of household gods like Bes and Taweret, with amulets of both and a stele of Taweret being found in the city itself. To this end it is interesting to note that the name of Amun appears in painted fragments from the Main Chapel and another, Chapel 529. The fragments from the Main Chapel are in the "Htp-di-nswt" format and call Amun the "good ruler eternally, lord of heaven, who made the whole earth." Additionally, a wooden top for a military standard depicting Wepwawet was found in the sanctuary.

In Chapel 525 two stelae were found. The smaller of the two depicts the god Shed, who is called "the great god, the Lord of the Two Lands", while the larger one addresses funerary prayers to Shed and the goddess Isis in addition to the Aten. This larger stele is inscribed for a man named Ptah-may, who is the "praised one of the Living Aten", and his family. Peet and Woolley suggested that the worship of the traditional gods continued throughout the reign of Akhenaten, and that the distance separating the Workmen's Village from the main city afforded it more freedom in this regard. They also interpret the presence of the name of Amun as an indication that the decoration dates to the early reign of Tutankhamun, when orthodoxy was returning. More recently, Weatherhead and Kemp suggest that the use of the traditional art style instead of the court style in the decoration of the chapels indicates a separation between public life, with its displays of loyalty to the king, and private life, where expressions of grief and commemoration remained largely unchanged and traditional. This is taken to indicate that the Aten cult and iconography had limited penetration into the lives of the general populace.

title: Workmen's Village, Amarna