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Chinlone

Chinlone (ခြင်းလုံး, ), also known as caneball, is the traditional, national sport of Myanmar (Burma). It is non-competitive, with typically six people playing together as one team. The ball used is normally made from hand-woven rattan, which sounds like a basket when hit. Similar to the game of hacky-sack, chinlone is played by individuals passing the ball among each other within a circle without using their hands. However, in chinlone, the players are walking while passing the ball, with one player in the center of the circle. The point of the game is to keep the ball from hitting the ground while passing it back and forth as creatively as possible. The sport of chinlone is played by men, women, and children, often together, interchangeably. Although very fast, chinlone is meant to be entertaining and fluid, as if it were more of a performance or dance.

History
Chinlone has played a prominent role in Myanmar for about 1,500 years. Its style is performance-based because it was first created as a demonstrative means of activity for entertaining Burmese royalty. Chinlone is heavily influenced by traditional Burmese martial arts and dance, another reason as to why so much importance is placed upon technique. As it is such an old game, many variations have been made to it, including hundreds of moves for maneuvering the ball. In addition to the original form of chinlone, there is a single performance style called tapandaing. While chinlone had been widely considered by Europeans to be more of a game than an actual sport, international interest in chinlone grew rapidly. By 1911, chinlone teams were performing in parts of Europe and Asia. As spectators of chinlone, Europeans derisively deemed it to be merely an entertaining game of indigenous people, too passive and not violent or masculine enough to be considered a sport.

After Myanmar's independence from British colonial rule in 1948, many British influences and cultural practices lingered, including those of British sports such as cricket and polo. British colonialism dominant culture still weighed heavily upon Burmese life. From the 1960s onward, the government strongly promoted traditional and historical preservation in an effort to renew native cultural pride. Myanmar needed to focus on traditions that were unique to Burmese culture, free from any colonial influence. Chinlone fit this role perfectly, playing a key part in establishing Burmese nationalism. Myanmar began implementing physical education in schools, teaching children from a young age about traditional activities and sports like chinlone as a way to educate and increase pride in their own culture. This was a small yet effective way in reestablishing unique Burmese life after many generations of colonial rule. With this newfound nationalism, chinlone was finally considered a real and cooperative sport.

The head of the Burma Athletic Association, U Ah Yein, was ordered by the Burmese government to write a rulebook for chinlone in 1953. These rules forced chinlone to become more competitive, and the first official chinlone competition was held in Yangon that same year. In addition to providing chinlone with an official set of rules, U Ah Yein's chinlone rulebook claimed chinlone to be unique to Myanmar only, as the birthplace of the game. While chinlone does distinctively go back far into Burmese tradition, there are many similar sports closely related to it across many other Southeast Asian countries, such as da cau (Vietnam), kator (Laos), sepak raga (Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei and Indonesia), sipa (Philippines) and takraw (Thailand).

At the SEA Games
At the 2013 SEA Games in Myanmar, chinlone made its debut as a contested sport and was also featured in the closing ceremony. The inclusion of chinlone was controversial, as other countries were not adequately prepared to compete in a uniquely Burmese sport. Chinlone was also contested in 2017 and most recently 2023.

In popular culture
In the South African football comic Supa Strikas, an episode, No El' in Team, featured chinlone in the story arc.

title: Chinlone


text:
Talk:Imperata cylindrica

Untitled
Can someone with more knowledge sort out the taxonomical details of this plant, please? Although I have merged the two articles Kunai grass and Cogon grass, it does look somewhat untidy with respect of its taxonomy. I would appreciate it. Dieter Simon 01:25, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

Hello
I removed this section from the page:

 * In Southeast Asia, the roots of the plant are used cosmetically/medicinally to -- all right, I can't remember what they're supposed to be good for, someone else please fill this in. It can also be used as an insecticide. it can kill a house fly.research in cogon grass as a insecticides is done by the researches of uplb.

... since it admits at a meta-level that it is incomplete. The discussion page is for discussion. (I don't have the expertise to fix it, but a complete "Uses" section would be great!) Brighterorange 13:53, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes, Brighterorange, good thinking. I will scout round for a bit more info re uses, for the time being leave it in Talk. What we really need is the complete classification/taxonomy details. Many thanks. Dieter Simon 21:57, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

From:'''Pedro Guevara Memorial National High School Special Science Class Batch 2005-2006 ''' Research work about "Using cogon grass as root extract"
 * Thank you, are you at liberty to link this reference into the article so that we may read what the research and its results are all about? Maybe an "external link", or even write it up in the 'cogon grass' Wiki article itself? Dieter Simon 22:24, 7 September 2005 (UTC)

This article doesn't mention that it is listed by the US as a noxious weed (which means it cannot be distributed) and apparently often referred to as one of the top ten invasive weeds of the world (sorry I don't have any sources for this statement). —Preceding unsigned comment added by Saywhat1978 (talk • contribs) 20:31, 19 July 2008 (UTC)
 * It does state that already: "deliberate propagation is prohibited by some authorities"Ethel Aardvark (talk) 07:28, 21 July 2008 (UTC)

Article edits and contributions
Hi everybody!

I added a citation at the beginning since it was missing one. Also I added some information under "weed control" with 3 citations and 3 hyperlinks. Could somebody review this for me and give me feedback? Thanks. Also, I felt that the "cultivation and uses" section had sources that may need to be looked at, but I wasn't sure. Other than that, the article was great!

sincerely, Ntayl23 (talk) 01:26, 31 March 2016 (UTC)

Copyright problem removed
Prior content in this article duplicated one or more previously published sources. The material was copied from: https://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/plant-directory/imperata-cylindrica/. Copied or closely paraphrased material has been rewritten or removed and must not be restored, unless it is duly released under a compatible license. (For more information, please see "using copyrighted works from others" if you are not the copyright holder of this material, or "donating copyrighted materials" if you are.)

For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or published material; such additions will be deleted. Contributors may use copyrighted publications as a source of information, and, if allowed under fair use, may copy sentences and phrases, provided they are included in quotation marks and referenced properly. The material may also be rewritten, providing it does not infringe on the copyright of the original or plagiarize from that source. Therefore, such paraphrased portions must provide their source. Please see our guideline on non-free text for how to properly implement limited quotations of copyrighted text. Wikipedia takes copyright violations very seriously, and persistent violators will be blocked from editing. While we appreciate contributions, we must require all contributors to understand and comply with these policies. Thank you. Declangi (talk) 10:34, 6 December 2017 (UTC)

Native and invasive range contradiction
The top paragraph puts it as a native in Africa, Europe, Micronesia, and Melanesia. But a later section says it's invasive in Africa, Europe, and "many islands". This is vague and self-contradictory; it needs to be fixed. ~ 2601:441:4400:1740:C17B:8B4A:61BE:72BA (talk) 23:03, 19 September 2020 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Imperata cylindrica


text:
User talk:MineralCruncher

Welcome!

Welcome to Wikipedia, MineralCruncher! My name is Ryan, aka Acetic Acid. I noticed that you were new and haven't received any messages yet. I just wanted to see how you were doing. Wikipedia can be a little intimidating at first, since it uses different formatting than other sites that use HTML and CSS. In the long run, though, you'll find that the WikiSyntax is a lot easier and faster than those other ways. Here are a few links to get you started:

 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
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There are a lot of policies and guides to read, but I highly recommend reading over those first. If you have any questions, feel free to leave me a message on my talk page. Please be sure to sign your name on Talk Pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, along with a link to your user page. This way, others know when you left a message and how to find you. It's easier than having to type out your name, right? :)

I hope you enjoy contributing to Wikipedia. We can use all the help we can get! Have a nice day. Sincerely, Acetic Acid 01:25, August 19, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:MineralCruncher


text:
Fort Harrison Hotel

The Fort Harrison Hotel has served as the main building of the Flag Land Base, the Church of Scientology's campus in Clearwater, Florida. It is owned and operated by the Flag Service Organization.

The hotel has 11 stories and features 220 rooms, three restaurants, a swimming pool and a ballroom. The building is connected by a skywalk to the Flag Building.

History
The hotel opened in 1926 as the "New Fort Harrison Hotel", replacing the former Fort Harrison Hotel. It was built by developer Ed Haley and was used as a community center for many years. The hotel was operated by Ransom E. Olds, inventor of the Oldsmobile, from 1926 until his death in 1950.

The name comes from Fort Harrison, a Seminole War-era U.S. Army fort built in the 1830s, south of today's downtown Clearwater. The fort was named for William Henry Harrison and was the western counterpart of Fort Brooke in what became Tampa. (See also the history of Clearwater.)

In 1953, the hotel was bought by the Jack Tar Hotels and became known as the "New Fort Harrison Hotel, a Jack Tar Hotel". The company added a cabana area to the building.

By the 1970s, the hotel began to fall into disrepair. In 1975, the Church of Scientology, as part of its plan to take over Clearwater, purchased the building under the names "Southern Land Development and Leasing Corp" and "United Churches of Florida Inc". In 1976, the Church of Scientology's connection and the named purchasers was reported by the St. Petersburg Times, as was the Church's plan for a $2.8 million restoration and upgrade of the hotel.

In 2007, the Church announced that the hotel would undergo another $20 million restoration project, but not when the project would begin.

Use in Scientology
The Fort Harrison Hotel is used, according to the Church of Scientology, as an area in which to feed, train and house visiting practitioners.

The hotel was used for the Rehabilitation Project Force (RPF), a program used to punish members of the Church of Scientology Sea Organization for "serious deviations." Members of the church in this institution are subject to prison-like conditions, forced labor and other human rights violations.

Notable incidents
In December 1926, daredevil Henry Roland scaled the building blindfolded.

The Fort Harrison Hotel has been the site of at least three suspicious deaths since 1975, most notably the death of Lisa McPherson, who died on December 5, 1995, after spending 17 days in room 174 of the building. The officially reported cause of death was a blood clot caused by dehydration and bedrest. The Church later challenged the findings of the autopsy in court. In 1997, a church spokesman acknowledged that McPherson died at the Fort Harrison, rather than on the way to the hospital. The church later retracted its spokesman's statement.

In February 1980, prior to McPherson's death, a Scientologist named Josephus A. Havenith was found dead at the Fort Harrison Hotel. He was discovered in a bathtub filled with water hot enough to have burned his skin off. The officially reported cause of death was drowning, although the coroner noted that, when he was found, Havenith's head was not submerged.

In August 1988, Scientologist Heribert Pfaff died of a seizure in the Fort Harrison Hotel. He had recently stopped taking his seizure medication in favor of a vitamin program.

In 1997, Clearwater police received over 160 emergency calls from the Fort Harrison Hotel, but they were denied entry into the hotel by Scientology security.

Trivia
In 1965, the Rolling Stones wrote their hit song "(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction" at the hotel.

The hotel was once the spring training home of the Philadelphia Phillies.

title: Fort Harrison Hotel


text:
Category:Phaethontidae

Tropicbirds are birds of the family Phaethontidae.

title: Category:Phaethontidae


text:
User talk:Joe159

Welcome!

Welcome to Wikipedia, Joe159! My name is Ryan, aka Acetic Acid. I noticed that you were new and haven't received any messages yet. I just wanted to see how you were doing. Wikipedia can be a little intimidating at first, since it uses different formatting than other sites that use HTML and CSS. In the long run, though, you'll find that the WikiSyntax is a lot easier and faster than those other ways. Here are a few links to get you started:

 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article

There are a lot of policies and guides to read, but I highly recommend reading over those first. If you have any questions, feel free to leave me a message on my talk page. Please be sure to sign your name on Talk Pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, along with a link to your user page. This way, others know when you left a message and how to find you. It's easier than having to type out your name, right? :)

I hope you enjoy contributing to Wikipedia. We can use all the help we can get! Have a nice day. Sincerely, Acetic Acid 01:25, August 19, 2005 (UTC)

Wikipedia is not an advertising service. Please don't submit articles consisting solely of an external link. --Scimitar parley 18:54, 7 September 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Joe159


text: User talk:12.20.14.2

title: User talk:12.20.14.2


text:
Šluknov

Šluknov (Schluckenau) is a town in Děčín District in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 5,700 inhabitants. It lies on the border with Germany and it is the northernmost town of the country. The town centre with the castle and area of Křížový vrch are well preserved and are protected by law as an urban monument zone.

Administrative parts
The town part of Císařský and the villages of Harrachov, Královka, Království, Kunratice, Nové Hraběcí and Rožany are administrative parts of Šluknov.

Geography
Šluknov is located about 30 km northeast of Děčín and 47 km northeast of Ústí nad Labem. It lies in the salient region of Šluknov Hook on the border with Germany. It is the northernmost town of the Czech Republic.

Šluknov is situated in the Lusatian Highlands. The highest point is located on the slopes of the Hrazený mountain at 567 m above sea level. The territory is rich in small watercourses; the longest of them is the stream Rožanský potok. Other notable streams are Lesní, which supplies a set of fishponds, and Stříbrný, which flows through the built-up area.

Early history
The first written mention of Šluknov is from 1281. The first owners was the noble family of Berka of Dubá. Under their administration, Šluknov became the administrative and economic centre of the Czech part of their estate. The family's coat of arms is to this day the inescutcheon in the town's coat of arms. In 1359, Šluknov was promoted to a town.

During the reign of King George of Poděbrady, the property of Berka of Dubá was confiscated and Šluknov was acquired by Wartenberg family. Next owners of the estate were families of Schleinitz, Mansfeld, Dietrichstein, and Harrach. Before the town became independent, last owner of the estate was count Erwin Leopold Nostitz-Rieneck.

Šluknov was struck by many fires, the largest of them were in 1634, 1710 and 1838, when almost the whole town burned down.

During the Thirty Years' War, the town was repeatedly severely damaged by Swedish army. In 1813, the town was plundered by a 100,000 man army during the Napoleonic Wars.

20th century
Until 1918, the town was part of Austria-Hungary, head of the district of the same name, one of the 94 Bezirkshauptmannschaften in Bohemia.

In 1930, Šluknov was home to 5,578 inhabitants who were largely ethnic German. Prior to World War II, Šluknov was a centre in Czechoslovakia for the pro-Nazist Sudeten German Party (SdP) led by Konrad Henlein. This was one reason why, in March 1939, Adolf Hitler chose the town as the first stop of the Wehrmacht during the German annexation of Sudetenland. The Wehrmacht continued on to occupy Prague and establish the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia.

From 1938 to 1945, the town was annexed to Nazi Germany and administered as part of the Reichsgau Sudetenland. After World War II, the town returned to Czechoslovakia and the German inhabitants were expelled under the terms of Beneš decrees.

Demographics
The town has a significant Romani population.

Economy
The town suffers from its location on the periphery of the Czech Republic. There is persistently high unemployment rate, low supply of services and poor quality of healthcare. Most industrial production has ended and revenues from tourism are insufficient.

Transport
In Rožany is the road border crossing Šluknov-Rožany / Sohland an der Spree to Germany.

Šluknov is located on the railway line Děčín–Rumburk via Germany. The town is served by two train stations: Šluknov and Šluknov zastávka. In the territory of Šluknov is also the train station serving the adjacent village of Valdek.

Education
Šluknov is home to two secondary schools and one of them is focused on forestry. There are three primary schools, including a special school.

Sights
The Šluknov Castle is the main landmark of the town. It was built in the Renaissance style in the 16th century by the Schleinitz family, when it replaced an old fortress from 1487. In the 17th century, Baroque modifications were made. In 1986, Šluknov Castle was burned down. After twenty years of decay, it was repaired. In addition to exhibition and event rooms located in the building, there is a tourist information office. The castle park is often used for public events.

Míru Square is the historic centre of the town. Its main landmarks are the Baroque column of the Holy Trinity, built in 1751–1752, and an Empire style fountain dating from 1794.

The Church of Saint Wenceslaus is the third church on its place. The previous were burn down by fires in 1634 and 1710 and the current early Baroque church was built in 1711–1722.

The hill Křížový vrch is a valuable complex of sacral buildings, including Stations of the Cross, several chapels and statues. The complex was consecrated in 1756.

Notable people

 * Rudolf Kauschka (1883–1960), German-Bohemian sportsman and mountaineer

title: Šluknov


text:
User talk:Carsonley

Use of Carsonley's Discussion page
Rule #1: I personally regulate this discussion page. (Do not forget that!) If you have anything to discuss about, or if there are issues, talk to me. Comments that are bad or good will be kept, but discussions are not, since it not convinent to. After a discussion is resolved, I will personally delete it if it is resolved. Have fun!

HKWNB, HKCOTW, Current events
Hello Carson. Thanks for your contributions to some articles related to bus transport in Hong Kong. You might be interested to take a look at HK wikipedians' notice board, HK Collaboration of the Week and Current events in Hong Kong and Macao. Happy editing! — Instantnood 09:44, September 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * Pleasure :-P — Instantnood 07:40, September 12, 2005 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:07, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:32, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Your draft article, Draft:MD-MBA

Hello, Carsonley. It has been over six months since you last edited the Articles for Creation submission or Draft page you started, "MD-MBA".

In accordance with our policy that Wikipedia is not for the indefinite hosting of material deemed unsuitable for the encyclopedia mainspace, the draft has been nominated for deletion. If you plan on working on it further, or editing it to address the issues raised if it was declined, simply and remove the, , or  code.

If your submission has already been deleted by the time you get there, and you wish to retrieve it, you can request its undeletion by following the instructions at this link. An administrator will, in most cases, restore the submission so you can continue to work on it.

Thanks for your submission to Wikipedia, and happy editing.  CASSIOPEIA(talk) 10:11, 4 July 2019 (UTC)

title: User talk:Carsonley


text: Category:Hundreds of Dalsland

title: Category:Hundreds of Dalsland


text:
User talk:Nmentha

Communications:
Welcome!

Welcome to Wikipedia, Nmentha! My name is Ryan, aka Acetic Acid. I noticed that you were new and haven't received any messages yet. I just wanted to see how you were doing. Wikipedia can be a little intimidating at first, since it uses different formatting than other sites that use HTML and CSS. In the long run, though, you'll find that the WikiSyntax is a lot easier and faster than those other ways. Here are a few links to get you started:

 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article

There are a lot of policies and guides to read, but I highly recommend reading over those first. If you have any questions, feel free to leave me a message on my talk page. Please be sure to sign your name on Talk Pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, along with a link to your user page. This way, others know when you left a message and how to find you. It's easier than having to type out your name, right? :)

I hope you enjoy contributing to Wikipedia. We can use all the help we can get! Have a nice day. Sincerely, Acetic Acid 01:27, August 19, 2005 (UTC)

Thank you (Nmentha 01:30, 19 August 2005 (UTC))

Baha'i template
I noticed you were adding and changing the Báha'í template. I just wanted to say that it was a problem bothering me for a long time, how to work with having a picture on the top of the page, and the template.

I like what you did on the Báb's page. and I tried something new on the International Teaching Centre page. there's a third option on the main Baha'i Faith page, but you have to look at the source because there's code on how to align the pictures.

keep up the good work Cuñado   -  Talk  10:05, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

Sorry
Sorry for kinda backing up all your hard work, but I think having a bunch of small pages, when things can fit into one big page is better. Also, while we can quote a little bit in the pages to prove a point, Wikipedia is not a place to load the content of books. -- Jeff3000 02:04, 20 February 2006 (UTC)

This was not exactly what I was planning to do, check my comments on the Summons page. Nmentha 02:18, 20 February 2006 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Cic-am2.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Cic-am2.jpg. However, the image may soon be deleted unless we can determine the copyright holder and copyright status. The Wikimedia Foundation is very careful about the images included in Wikipedia because of copyright law (see Wikipedia's Copyright policy).

The copyright holder is usually the creator, the creator's employer, or the last person who was transferred ownership rights. Copyright information on images is signified using copyright templates. The three basic license types on Wikipedia are open content, public domain, and fair use. Find the appropriate template in Image copyright tags and place it on the image page like this:.

Please signify the copyright information on any other images you have uploaded or will upload. Remember that images without this important information can be deleted by an administrator. If you have any questions, feel free to contact me. Thank you. Shyam ( T / C ) 08:54, 8 March 2006 (UTC)

I have fixed the copyright status to "Attribution" in which it is attributed to Hossein Amanat. Nmentha 00:26, 15 March 2006 (UTC)

Images
Hi Nmentha, would you have any pictures of the World Centre that you have taken yourself that you could upload at commons.wikimedia.org on a free license? Regards, -- Jeff3000 04:40, 21 November 2006 (UTC)

Disputed fair use rationale for Image:Some Answered Questions.JPG
Thanks for uploading Image:Some Answered Questions.JPG. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read the instructions at Non-free content carefully, then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies for fair use. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot (talk) 11:22, 21 January 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Bwcongress63.jpg
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Fair use rationale for Image:Bwcongress92.jpg
Thanks for uploading or contributing to Image:Bwcongress92.jpg. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is not a suitable explanation or rationale as to why each specific use in Wikipedia constitutes fair use. Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale.

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File permission problem with File:Bahai administration 2006.gif
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File permission problem with File:Cic-am2.jpg
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If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have provided evidence that their copyright owners have agreed to license their works under the tags you supplied, too. You can find a list of files you have created in [ your upload log]. Files lacking evidence of permission may be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. You may wish to read the Wikipedia's image use policy. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Kelly hi! 05:10, 10 August 2011 (UTC)

File:HaifaPilgrimCenter.jpg listed for deletion
A file that you uploaded or altered, File:HaifaPilgrimCenter.jpg, has been listed at Files for deletion. Please see the to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted. Thank you. Calliopejen1 (talk) 22:40, 4 December 2011 (UTC)
 * The availability of a replacement (where a free photo can still be taken) isn't really relevant to the deletion process. There also isn't really any sort of grandfathering that exists. The old image page description ("Seems that author provides free access to public domain and offers for free use through website.") is not sufficiently concrete.  Could you contact the copyright holder for an explicit rights release?  See WP:CONSENT and WP:OTRS for the process of verification of permission.  Calliopejen1 (talk) 14:42, 1 April 2012 (UTC)
 * We actually also have a replacement as well, which is suitably licensed. See File:NewPilgrimHouse.jpg, which is in use in the article Pilgrim House. Calliopejen1 (talk) 14:45, 1 April 2012 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:06, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
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Orphaned non-free image File:FirstUHJ.jpg
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title: User talk:Nmentha


text:
Let L-410 Turbolet

The Let L-410 Turbolet is a twin-engine short-range transport aircraft designed and produced by the Czech aircraft manufacturer Let Kunovice (named Aircraft Industries since 2005).

It was developed as the L-400 during the 1960s in response to an Aeroflot requirement for an Antonov An-2 replacement and performed its maiden flight on 16 April 1969. Since 1970, the L-410 has been in operation with a variety of customers, having been typically used as an airliner and a utility transport aircraft, numerous military air services have also adopted the type. The aircraft is capable of landing on short and unpaved runways and operating under extreme conditions from -50 to +50 °C.

Various models of the L-410 have been produced over the type’s production run of over fifty years; while initial aircraft were powered by imported Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6-27 engines, most models have been powered by domestically built Walter M601. Both the size and capabilities of the aircraft differ across the family; during the 1990s, the company pivoted towards the Western market and pursued type certification by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) of its later models. Perhaps the most substantial variant to date is the L 410 NG, which has double the range of the original model, as well as other improvements such as a glass cockpit. By 2016, in excess of 1,200 L-410s had been constructed while in excess of 350 aircraft were reportedly in service with operators across more than 50 countries.

Development
Development of the L-410 was started during the mid-1960s by the Czechoslovak aircraft manufacturer Let Kunovice. The company had decided to launch the project with awareness that the Soviet airline Aeroflot was actively seeking a turboprop-powered replacement for the Antonov An-2 biplane, which was viewed as a potentially lucrative opportunity for a suitable aircraft. Preliminary studies performed by Let centred around a design referred to as the L-400. In addition to its use as an airliner, equal attention was paid towards its suitability for the role of a cargo aircraft.

Following considerable revision of the original concept, a new version was produced, which the company called the L-410 Turbolet. On 16 April 1969, the first prototype, designated XL-410, performed its maiden flight, piloted by Vladimir Vik and Frantisek Svinka. The prototype was not only used for test flights but also to promote the aircraft to potential customers, appearing at various air shows, including the 1969 Paris Air Show. As a consequence of the delayed development of a suitable Czech engine, the Walter M601, both the prototype and the initial production model were powered by Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6-27 engines and Hartzell HC-B-3TN-3D three-blade propellers, both of which were imported from North America.

Once development of the M601 engine had been completed, it was quickly adopted and coupled with Avia-built V 508 three-blade propellers to replace the PT6 engine on the second production model, designated L-410M. A further version, the L-410 UVP, was specifically developed for Aeroflot, who had expressed dissatisfaction in the performance of the initial model. In comparison with earlier models, the revised aircraft provided improved performance in take-off and landing, which are largely due to its increased wing and tail area, making it a Short take-off/landing (STOL) aircraft. As a consequence of its increased empty weight and a shift in the center of gravity, the L-410 UVP has a decreased seating capacity of 15 passengers.

The most common variant of the type, the L-410 UVP-E, possesses an increased maximum take-off weight of 6400 kg, is equipped with more powerful M601E engines that drive new five-blade propellers designated V 510, and is provisioned for equipping wing tip tanks that increase the aircraft's overall fuel capacity. The L-410 UVP-E performed its first flight in 1984 while quantity production of the model commenced during 1986. By 1990, in excess of 1,000 L-410s had been constructed.

The L-410 UVP-E9 and L-410 UVP-E20 are versions which vary from each other only minorly, these were produced to satisfy the differing regulations of various certifying authorities of different regions. Later production L-420s have been outfitted with a newer Walter engine variant, the M601F. Production of the L-410 UVP-E20 was underway in the early twenty-first century, being powered by the latest derivative of the M601 engine, designated GE H80-200, and outfitted new Avia Propeller AV-725 five blade propellers.

Following the end of the Cold War, company officials opted to pursue opportunities for the aircraft in Western markets. On 11 March 1998, the L-410 first received approval for its use in North America by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA); the improved L-410 UVP-E20 was similarly certified on 30 June 2015. On 4 February 2005, this same model of the L-410 had been certified by the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) while all other production variants followed on 28 March 2007. In the mid-2010s, a typical production rate of 15 L-410 UVPs were being completed each year.

On 3 September 2013, the Russian company UGMK (Iskander Machmudov) became the majority owner of LET Kunovice Aircraft Industries. At the time of the acquisition, it was announced that a new production line for the L-410 would be established within Russia within one year. As part of this strategy, the company developed the most substantial variant of the aircraft to date, the L 410 NG, which can be visually distinguished from its predecessors by its considerably longer nose as well its enlarged rear area, the latter change being made to accommodate the carriage of double the luggage. It is also furnished a new wing design and has been fitted with a modernised Garmin G3000 glass cockpit. The propulsion system has also been redesigned, featuring more powerful and quieter GE H85 engines that drive Avia-725 propellers. The L 410 NG can fly for double the range of the original model of the aircraft.

On 7 July 2015, the company displayed the first L 410 NG, which had been manufactured in Russia; it performed its first flight on 29 July 2015. Power grew up to 850 shp instead of the previous 800 shp GE H80-200, speed increased to 223 kn. Maximum take-off weight rose 500 kg to 7000 kg and range to 1350 nmi up from the original 820 nmi. Fuel capacity rose from 1300 to 2450 kg and endurance from five hours to nine hours. FAA, EASA and Russian certification took place in late 2017. Serial production of the L 410 NG commenced in March 2018.

Due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, which led to sanctions against the Russian Federation by the European Union and other Western countries, Aircraft Industries lost its main customer for its passenger aircraft – Russia. Due to the subsequent financial difficulties, the Kunovice based aircraft factory was acquired by the OMNIPOL Group in 2022.

Design

The Let L-410 Turbolet is an unpressurized all-metal high-wing commuter aircraft. It is characterised by its relatively low maintenance and operating costs, as well as its adaptable design, which includes special interchangeable configurations. All models are equipped with a retractable undercarriage. The L-410 UVP-E features two hydraulic circuits, one being the primary and the other intended for emergencies; the main electrical system operates with 28V DC. The de-icing system is leading edge pneumatic deicers and electrical heating of propellers, cockpit windshields and pitot-static system heads. The maximum take-off weight of the L-410 UVP-E is 6400 kg with the possibility of an increase to 6600 kg for the E9 and E20 variants, possessing a maximum seating capacity of between 17 and 19 passengers. The L-410 UVP-E is equipped with Avia V 510 five-blade propellers.

The L 410 UVP-E20 is certified on the basis of FAR 23 either Amendment 34 or Amendment 41. It is certified by the European Union, the Russian Federation, the United States, Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Peru, Venezuela, Cuba, India, Nepal, Philippines, Korea, Indonesia, Republic of South Africa, Algeria, Australia, Taiwan, Turkey, and many other countries accepting some of the previous certificates. The aircraft has also been approved for operation in a number of other countries, such as Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Tunisia, Colombia, Venezuela, South Korea and others. The airplane is certified for IFR operation, CAT I ILS approaches, and flights in icing conditions.

Variants

 * L-410: Prototype, three units built.
 * L-410A: First series with Pratt & Whitney PT6A-27 turboprop engines and three-blade Hartzell HC-B3TN-3D propellers. 25 built.
 * L-410AB: Version with four-blade Hartzell HC-B4TN-3 propellers.
 * L-410AF: Aerial photography and cartography version with glazed nose and fixed nose wheel. One built.
 * L-410AS: Ten examples for the Soviet market, with upgraded navigation and communication equipment
 * L-410M: Second series with Walter M601A engines and three-blade Avia V508 propellers.
 * L-410MA: Version with M601Bs and Avia V508B propellers, also known as L-410MU.
 * L-410UVP: (Ukorochennaya vzlot-posadka, "short take-off and landing") Third series, fundamentally modified. The principal changes are a trunk, an extended wingspan by 0.80 m, M601Bs (M601Ds after 1983) with Avia V508B (V508D after 1983) propellers, and a higher horizontal stabilizer. The UVP variants possesses STOL characteristics. Passenger capacity fell to 15 due to increased weight.
 * L-410FG: Identical to L-410AF, but based on the L-410UVP
 * L-410T: Transport variant of UVP with larger loading hatch (1.25 x), can transport 6 stretchers as a medical airplane with a medic, or 12 parachutists. It can also carry 1000 kg of cargo containers.
 * L-410UVP-S: VIP variant of UVP with upward-hinged cabin door.
 * L-410UVP-V: (Vstavka, "insert") 1986 stretched version for 22 passengers; remained a prototype.
 * L-410UVP-E: (ekonomicheskiy, "economic") Fourth series, improved L-410UVP with M601E or E-21 engines, five-bladed Avia V510 propellers and optional tip-tanks. The rear baggage compartment was also redesigned, increasing capacity back to 19.
 * L-410UVP-E1: Two examples for Bulgaria, reportedly in a photography/transport role
 * L-410UVP-E2: Modified version for the Polish Maritime Office
 * L-410UVP-E3: Version for skydive operations
 * L-410UVP-E4:
 * L-410UVP-E6: Navaid calibration version
 * L-410UVP-E8:
 * L-410UVP-E9: Identical to L-410UVP-E, but with increased MTOM and MLM.
 * L-410UVP-E9A: Version for Swedish market with Bendix/King avionics
 * L-410UVP-E9D: One example modified with a Bendix/King EFIS cockpit system
 * L-410UVP-E13:
 * L-410UVP-E14: Version with Bendix/King avionics for transporting military dignitaries
 * L-410UVP-E15:
 * L-410UVP-E16:
 * L-410UVP-E17: Version for Polish market
 * L-410UVP-E19:
 * L-410UVP-E20: Westernized version to US FAR-23 standards; certified as the L-420E
 * L-410UVP-E20C: Version for South Africa
 * L-410UVP-E20D: VIP version for government use
 * L-410UVP-E20G: Version for the Tunisian Armed Forces
 * L-410UVP-E27: Four examples for high altitude operations in India
 * L-410UVP-EPT: A L-410UVP-E9 converted to PT6A-42 engines and Avia AV-725 five-blade propellers. One built.
 * L-420: upgraded L-410 UVP-E - new M601Fs, certified variant of the L-410UVP-E20
 * L 410 NG: Substantially redesigned and expanded version, powered by new GE H85 engines and a glass cockpit. Capable carrying twice as much cargo as well as roughly double the endurance of the original model.

Operators

Large numbers of L-410s were delivered to the Soviet Union; by 1985, 500 aircraft had reportedly been obtained by various operators within the USSR alone. Accordingly, the type has been heavily operated by various ex-Soviet states, in particular Russia. Furthermore, numerous L-410s have been sold to airlines across Asia, Africa, Central America, and South America. Forty aircraft are in use throughout Europe for commercial operations, including skydiving.

Civilian
In July 2015, 178 Let L-410 were in airline service: 73 in Africa, 58 in Europe, 41 in Americas and 6 in Asia Pacific and the Middle East; its airline operators with four or more aircraft were:
 * 25: Air-Tec Global
 * 8: Orenburzhie Air Company
 * 7: Searca
 * 5: Kin Avia and Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky Air Enterprise
 * 4: Air Express Algeria, Eagle Air, Solenta Aviation, 2nd Arkhangelsk United Aviation Division, Van Air Europe, Komiaviatrans, KrasAvia, Air Guyane Express and Comeravia

Accidents and incidents
According to statistics, the L-410 Turbolet can be considered a safe aircraft because it has had 118 accidents during its development out of a total of 1,200 aircraft produced and exported. This popular aircraft went through a number of improvements and modernization and the latest types, the L 410 UVP-E20 and L 420 are EASA and FAA certified respectively. While only a few of these accidents were fatal, some say the safety record of the aircraft is influenced more by operational practices than its design. Some customers and regulators have chosen certain practices that impact the overall safety performance.

title: Let L-410 Turbolet


text:
User talk:Buxtehude

Welcome!

Welcome to Wikipedia, Buxtehude! My name is Ryan, aka Acetic Acid. I noticed that you were new and haven't received any messages yet. I just wanted to see how you were doing. Wikipedia can be a little intimidating at first, since it uses different formatting than other sites that use HTML and CSS. In the long run, though, you'll find that the WikiSyntax is a lot easier and faster than those other ways. Here are a few links to get you started:

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I hope you enjoy contributing to Wikipedia. We can use all the help we can get! Have a nice day. Sincerely, Acetic Acid 01:27, August 19, 2005 (UTC)

Precious
  consistency

Thank you for quality contributions to articles such as Charles and Ray Eames and Concertgebouw, and for gnomish work, taking care of consistency, correcting the spelling of names,, - you are an awesome Wikipedian!

--Gerda Arendt (talk) 06:47, 9 June 2014 (UTC) A year ago, you were the 881st recipient of my PumpkinSky Prize, --Gerda Arendt (talk) 06:30, 9 June 2015 (UTC)

Six years ago, you were recipient no. 881 of Precious, a prize of QAI! --Gerda Arendt (talk) 07:18, 9 June 2020 (UTC)

Videos
If you enter videos to Bach works, please place them in a section External links, - create that if it doesn't exist. "Sources" means sources which have been useed for the article. In any case, the scores belong on top. - Happy Easter! --Gerda Arendt (talk) 11:18, 5 April 2015 (UTC)

 * O.K., I will create/use External links. Except I can't see why the scores should come first in the External links section. I imagine most visitors would like to hear the work performed, not study the score. Buxtehude (talk) 11:26, 5 April 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:58, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

DRN on Bach
I am trying to close the RfC since its 30 days have expired. I included you as an interested person because in the statement of the RfC, Fountains-of-Paris had used your name to refer to a paragraph from last March 27 2015 which I believe you deleted on 30 March. Marlindale (talk) 18:43, 21 February 2016 (UTC)

Recent RfC on JSB closed; next steps about it.
Please see the new section in Talk:Johann Sebastian Bach, "Second RfC closed Feb. 22, now what?"

You may be happy that the anecdote misnamed for you is now no longer in play. Marlindale (talk) 01:41, 23 February 2016 (UTC)

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Always precious
Ten years ago, you were found precious. That's what you are, always. --Gerda Arendt (talk) 06:55, 9 June 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:Buxtehude


text:
User talk:Royal1608

Welcome!

Welcome to Wikipedia, Royal1608! My name is Ryan, aka Acetic Acid. I noticed that you were new and haven't received any messages yet. I just wanted to see how you were doing. Wikipedia can be a little intimidating at first, since it uses different formatting than other sites that use HTML and CSS. In the long run, though, you'll find that the WikiSyntax is a lot easier and faster than those other ways. Here are a few links to get you started:

 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
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There are a lot of policies and guides to read, but I highly recommend reading over those first. If you have any questions, feel free to leave me a message on my talk page. Please be sure to sign your name on Talk Pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, along with a link to your user page. This way, others know when you left a message and how to find you. It's easier than having to type out your name, right? :)

I hope you enjoy contributing to Wikipedia. We can use all the help we can get! Have a nice day. Sincerely, Acetic Acid 01:28, August 19, 2005 (UTC)

License tagging for Image:New quad.jpg
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title: User talk:Royal1608


text:
Talk:Alex (parrot)

Criticism section is weird
Terrace seems to be the only source in this section, and his claims are rather bizarre. He's claiming a Clever Hans effect, yet if you've ever read any of Pepperberg's papers, you'd see that the person asking the questions is kept unaware of the answers, so if there's a Clever Hans effect, then the humans are telepathic, which would be a much bigger result. ;) But anyway, noting that would be WP:OR, so nothing can be done about it... -- 213.176.153.100 (talk) 13:43, 9 August 2012 (UTC)

It's 2020 and researchers who have not been peer-reviewed concerning Alex are being saddled side-by-side with experimental data which actually proves Alex's ability to understand language and at least communicate this understanding using a minimal "code". It's really bizzare and ideological and still needs to be fixed. I've noted that these researchers have not conducted peer-reviewed work on Alex in the section mentioned talonx77.183.190.49 (talk) 17:56, 15 December 2020 (UTC)

Linking
Please put something behind the "(parrot)" since it makes it hard to link the page to reddit, facebook, twitter etc. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 185.183.147.58 (talk) 09:16, 13 July 2021 (UTC)
 * This actually pertains to URL encoding and the usage of a valid URL scheme. Sometimes the last parenthesis is omitted due to the code or the auto-generation starting without the closing parenthesis. Even if you used the "incorrect" URL - you should still be redirected here. For example, Alex (parrot gives you a link back here.
 * There's also the usage of some percent-encoding to obtain the URL.  is used for the opening parenthesis and   for the closing parenthesis. You have seen this with some URLs that have   which represents a space. So for this article, you can use   to link to the article: Alex%20%28parrot%29 or any variation. This link would prevent any issues from markup language form a closing parenthesis. (and yes, these variations are very common on popular subreddits such as TIL to submit reposts on there) –  The Grid  ( talk )  20:34, 13 July 2021 (UTC)

Capitalizing the animal's name in the infobox
I capitalized the name "grey parrot" in the species section of the infobox and had it swiftly reverted by @The Grid with the note that the common name of the species is not capitalized. This is not standard practice on Wikipedia. Take for example the infobox of Koko (the gorilla). Even though "western gorilla" is generally written in lower case letters, the word "western" is capitalized as "Western" in the same section of the template, presumably because it is at the beginning of the cell in the second column. Furthermore, if you look at the rest of Alex's (ie. this page's) infobox, words like "male" and "intelligent" are capitalized as well. Inconsistency is a major eyesore. ~ LinicMarino (talk) 07:22, 28 August 2023 (UTC)

 * Hello! You're right that article names are in sentence case. This is usually not the case for infoboxes when it comes to providing text for parameters. The closest policy for infoboxes is MOS:INFOBOXSTYLE but nothing stated about capitalization. MOS:LISTCAPS might be more relevant? Even with your example, it probably should be "western gorilla" for the species. My thought process is these aren't sentences with adding information to the infobox (unless you actually are providing a sentence). I understand there's most likely going to be an inconsistency if you try to look at other articles for animals. You can revert my edit if you would like. – The Grid  ( talk )  14:21, 28 August 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Alex (parrot)


text:
User talk:Duckbutter

Welcome!

Welcome to Wikipedia, Duckbutter! My name is Ryan, aka Acetic Acid. I noticed that you were new and haven't received any messages yet. I just wanted to see how you were doing. Wikipedia can be a little intimidating at first, since it uses different formatting than other sites that use HTML and CSS. In the long run, though, you'll find that the WikiSyntax is a lot easier and faster than those other ways. Here are a few links to get you started:

 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
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There are a lot of policies and guides to read, but I highly recommend reading over those first. If you have any questions, feel free to leave me a message on my talk page. Please be sure to sign your name on Talk Pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, along with a link to your user page. This way, others know when you left a message and how to find you. It's easier than having to type out your name, right? :)

I hope you enjoy contributing to Wikipedia. We can use all the help we can get! Have a nice day. Sincerely, Acetic Acid 01:29, August 19, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Duckbutter


text:
Palonegro International Airport

Palonegro International Airport is an international airport located 7 km west of Bucaramanga in the Santander Department of Colombia. The airport serves the Bucaramanga Metropolitan Area and surrounding towns and is served by domestic and international flights. The airport was built over the mountains surrounding the Bucaramanga plateau. A mountain road connects the city with the airport, which is located at about 1,200 m above sea level. The airport was built on the site of the Battle of Palonegro, which took place during the Thousand Days War in the early 20th century.

The airport receives flights from major cities in Colombia as well as international flights from Panama City and the United States. The main terminal is 25 minutes from the city in the fast lane of the highway west to Giron. It is currently the eighth largest airport in Colombia in terms of passenger movement.

History
Bucaramanga was formerly served by Gómez Niño Airport, which was built by SCADTA in late 1938, when operations began with Junkers F-13 aircraft. The airport was purchased by the Colombian Aerodrome Administration in 1954 and was one of the few airports in Colombia that operated two runways simultaneously. Their X-configuration allowed their use depending on the prevailing winds. Avianca and Taxader had its headquarters at the airport.

Gómez Niño was located within the urban area of the city. It had poor conditions for security and air navigation, and was the site of several fatal air accidents. The new Palonegro airport was therefore constructed. Construction began in 1967, and included major levelling work as the site consisted of a number of hills and canyons up to 60 metres deep. The new airport was opened by the President Misael Pastrana in August 1974, and the inaugural flight took place on a Boeing 727 Avianca, commanded by Captain Alvaro Barrera Gómez. The total cost of construction was $230 million pesos.

Renovation
The airport was renovated from 2014 to 2018. The newly renovated airport was inaugurated by president Juan Manuel Santos in February 2018. The cost of the renovation was approximately $7 million. The renovation increased annual passenger capacity from 1.8 to 2.5 million people per year, and consisted of the expansion of the departures hall, check-in areas, baggage claim areas, airline offices, and new jet bridges. The terminal’s floor area was more than doubled, going from 80,000 ft2 to nearly 200,000 ft2.

Operations
Seventy to eighty daily flights are now carried out by scheduled airlines, serving five domestic destinations: Avianca, Copa Airlines Colombia, EasyFly and Satena. The airport has international flights to Miami International Airport through Avianca, Fort Lauderdale International Airport through Spirit Airlines and Tocumen International Airport through Copa Airlines.

Airlines and destinations
The following airlines operate regular scheduled and charter flights at the airport:

Accidents and incidents

 * On 14 December 1977, a Vickers Viscount HK-1267 of TAC Colombia was damaged beyond repair while landing. The airplane bounced heavily and then turned into a violent loop, collapsing the nose and landing gear. There were no injuries among the passengers.
 * On 12 April 1999, five members of the National Liberation Army hijacked a Fokker 50 carrying 46 people. They took everyone on the aircraft as hostages into the jungle near Simití. The hostages were then taken to boats on the Magdalena River. Ransom payments were demanded for the hostages. Women and children were soon released but 35 passengers were held for over a year.
 * On 19 February 2000, a Beechcraft 1900C-1 en route to Camilo Daza International Airport was hijacked by an armed prisoner. The prisoner was not handcuffed. A few minutes after takeoff, the prisoner showed a knife and forced his way into the cockpit. He forced the pilots to land in a small airstrip in the jungle. He then escaped the plane and took one of the guards as a hostage. A military unit tracked down the plane and the hijacker, chasing and killing him shortly afterwards and also releasing the hostage.
 * On 24 December 2014, all passengers were killed when a Cessna 207 belonging to regional airline Alas de Colombia, carrying 7 people on board, crashed en route from Palonegro International Airport to Jerónimo de Aguayo Airport in Málaga after attempting to return to the airport due to a mechanical failure. According to the investigation, the primary cause of the crash was that the plane was overweight, but was also due to pilot error by flying the plane too low, and failure of the pilot to contact ATC regarding his status. The crash site was near the town of Piedecuesta, about 10 miles away from Bucaramanga. There were no survivors and all the bodies were recovered in the following days.

title: Palonegro International Airport


text:
User talk:Kristinw

Welcome!

Welcome to Wikipedia, Kristinw! My name is Ryan, aka Acetic Acid. I noticed that you were new and haven't received any messages yet. I just wanted to see how you were doing. Wikipedia can be a little intimidating at first, since it uses different formatting than other sites that use HTML and CSS. In the long run, though, you'll find that the WikiSyntax is a lot easier and faster than those other ways. Here are a few links to get you started:

 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article

There are a lot of policies and guides to read, but I highly recommend reading over those first. If you have any questions, feel free to leave me a message on my talk page. Please be sure to sign your name on Talk Pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, along with a link to your user page. This way, others know when you left a message and how to find you. It's easier than having to type out your name, right? :)

I hope you enjoy contributing to Wikipedia. We can use all the help we can get! Have a nice day. Sincerely, Acetic Acid 01:29, August 19, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Kristinw


text:
User talk:Catknsn

Welcome!

Welcome to Wikipedia, Catknsn! My name is Ryan, aka Acetic Acid. I noticed that you were new and haven't received any messages yet. I just wanted to see how you were doing. Wikipedia can be a little intimidating at first, since it uses different formatting than other sites that use HTML and CSS. In the long run, though, you'll find that the WikiSyntax is a lot easier and faster than those other ways. Here are a few links to get you started:

 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article

There are a lot of policies and guides to read, but I highly recommend reading over those first. If you have any questions, feel free to leave me a message on my talk page. Please be sure to sign your name on Talk Pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, along with a link to your user page. This way, others know when you left a message and how to find you. It's easier than having to type out your name, right? :)

I hope you enjoy contributing to Wikipedia. We can use all the help we can get! Have a nice day. Sincerely, Acetic Acid 01:30, August 19, 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:Chaisnowshoe.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Chaisnowshoe.jpg. I notice the image page currently doesn't specify who created the image, so the copyright status is therefore unclear. If you have not created the image yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the image on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the image yourself then you should also specify where you found it, ie in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the image also doesn't have a copyright tag then you must also add one. If you created/took the picture then you can use to release it under the GFDL. If you can claim fair use use .)  See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other images, please check that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thanks so much. Thue | talk 10:53, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:Chestnutpolopony.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Chestnutpolopony.jpg. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is therefore unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the media also doesn't have a copyright tag then you must also add one. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then you can use GFDL-self to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media qualifies as fair use, please read fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other media, please check that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you.- Shyam  ( T / C ) 12:08, 6 March 2006 (UTC)

Image Tagging for Image:Burmeseretriever.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Burmeseretriever.jpg. The image has been identified as not specifying the source and creator of the image, which is required by Wikipedia's policy on images. If you don't indicate the source and creator of the image on the image's description page, it may be deleted some time in the next seven days.

For more information on using images, see the following pages:
 * Image use policy
 * Image copyright tags

This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see User talk:Carnildo/images. 14:22, 9 March 2006 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:Graypolopony.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Graypolopony.jpg. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the media also doesn't have a copyright tag then you must also add one. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then you can use GFDL-self to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media qualifies as fair use, please read fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other media, please check that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Shyam ( T / C ) 11:15, 14 March 2006 (UTC)

Image:Chaisnowshoe.jpg
Hi. When you uploaded Image:Chaisnowshoe.jpg, you did not specify complete source and copyright information. Another user subsequently tagged it with GFDL-presumed and for some time, it has existed on Wikipedia under the assumption that you created the image, and that, just as with all of your text contributions, you agreed to license it under the GFDL. This assumption, however well-meaning, is not legally sufficient and the tag is being phased out. Images using it are being deleted.

This image has been tagged for deletion and will be deleted in one week if adequate copyright information is not provided.

If you, personally, are the author of this content, meaning that you took the photograph yourself or you created the chart yourself (and it does not use any clipart that you did not create), please retag the image with a free image copyright tag that correctly describes your licensing intentions, usually GFDL-self or PD-self. Please also make sure if you have not already done so that you write a good description of what the image depicts, when you took the photo, and other important details. This will allow Wikipedia to continue using the image.

If you did not create the image or if it is derived from the copyrighted works of others, please keep in mind that most images on the internet are copyrighted and are not suitable for use on Wikipedia. Wikipedia respects the copyrights of others and does not use images unless we know that they have been freely licensed. Any creative work is automatically copyrighted, even if it lacks a copyright notice. Unless the copyright holder has specifically disclaimed their rights to the image and released it under the GFDL or another compatible license, we cannot use it. If you did not create the image, simply do nothing and it will be deleted in a week.

Please feel free to contact me on my talk page if I can be of assistance or leave a message at Media copyright questions with any questions you may have. Thank you. MER-C 13:44, 25 May 2007 (UTC)

Image:Chaisnowshoe.jpg
Hi. When you uploaded Image:Chaisnowshoe.jpg, you did not specify complete source and copyright information. Another user subsequently tagged it with GFDL-presumed and, for some time, it has existed on Wikipedia under the assumption that you created the image and you agreed to license it under the GFDL. This assumption, however well-meaning, is not legally sufficient and the tag is being phased out. Images using it are being deleted.

This image has been tagged for deletion and will be deleted in one week if adequate copyright information is not provided.

If you, personally, are the author of this content, meaning that you took the photograph yourself or you created the chart yourself (and it does not use any clipart that you did not create), please retag the image with a free image copyright tag that correctly describes your licensing intentions, usually GFDL-self or PD-self. Please also make sure if you have not already done so that you write a good description of what the image depicts, when you took the photo, and other important details. This will allow Wikipedia to continue using the image.

If you did not create the image or if it is derived from the copyrighted works of others, please keep in mind that most images on the internet are copyrighted and are not suitable for use on Wikipedia. Wikipedia respects the copyrights of others and does not use images unless we know that they have been freely licensed. Any creative work is automatically copyrighted, even if it lacks a copyright notice. Unless the copyright holder has specifically disclaimed their rights to the image and released it under the GFDL or another compatible license, we cannot use it. If you did not create the image, and cannot make the image compliant with Non-free content, simply do nothing and it will be deleted in a week. All other non-free images must follow these rules.

Please feel free to contact me on my talk page or leave a message at Media copyright questions with any questions you may have. Thank you. Aksibot 20:52, 2 June 2007 (UTC)

Unspecified source for Image:Albertawatson.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Albertawatson.jpg. I noticed that the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you did not create this file yourself, then you will need to specify the owner of the copyright. If you obtained it from a website, then a link to the website from which it was taken, together with a restatement of that website's terms of use of its content, is usually sufficient information. However, if the copyright holder is different from the website's publisher, then their copyright should also be acknowledged.

As well as adding the source, please add a proper copyright licensing tag if the file doesn't have one already. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then the GFDL-self tag can be used to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media meets the criteria at Fair use, use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have specified their source and tagged them, too. You can find a list of files you have uploaded by following [ this link]. Unsourced and untagged images may be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If the image is copyrighted under a non-free license (per Fair use) then the image will be deleted 48 hours after 12:05, 8 July 2007 (UTC). If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. MER-C 12:05, 8 July 2007 (UTC)

Replaceable fair use Image:Geneglazer.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Geneglazer.jpg. I notice the 'image' page specifies that the image is being used under fair use, but its use in Wikipedia articles fails our first fair use criterion in that it illustrates a subject for which a freely licensed image could reasonably be found or created that provides substantially the same information. If you believe this image is not replaceable, please:

 * 1) Go to the image description page and edit it to add, without deleting the original Replaceable fair use template.
 * 2) On the image discussion page, write the reason why this image is not replaceable at all.

Alternatively, you can also choose to replace the fair use image by finding a freely licensed image of its subject, requesting that the copyright holder release this (or a similar) image under a free license, or by taking a picture of it yourself.

If you have uploaded other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified how these images fully satisfy our fair use criteria. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on [ this link]. Note that fair use images which could be replaced by free-licensed alternatives will be deleted 7 days after this notification, per our Fair Use policy. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Rettetast 17:46, 20 July 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Catknsn


text:
User talk:BigWilliam

Welcome!

Welcome to Wikipedia, BigWilliam! My name is Ryan, aka Acetic Acid. I noticed that you were new and haven't received any messages yet. I just wanted to see how you were doing. Wikipedia can be a little intimidating at first, since it uses different formatting than other sites that use HTML and CSS. In the long run, though, you'll find that the WikiSyntax is a lot easier and faster than those other ways. Here are a few links to get you started:

 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article

There are a lot of policies and guides to read, but I highly recommend reading over those first. If you have any questions, feel free to leave me a message on my talk page. Please be sure to sign your name on Talk Pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, along with a link to your user page. This way, others know when you left a message and how to find you. It's easier than having to type out your name, right? :)

I hope you enjoy contributing to Wikipedia. We can use all the help we can get! Have a nice day. Sincerely, Acetic Acid 01:30, August 19, 2005 (UTC)

Please stop adding your own birthday to future years; edits of this type are typically considered vandalism. - jredmond 02:09, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:BigWilliam


text:
User talk:TechMan~enwiki

Welcome!

Welcome to Wikipedia, TechMan! My name is Ryan, aka Acetic Acid. I noticed that you were new and haven't received any messages yet. I just wanted to see how you were doing. Wikipedia can be a little intimidating at first, since it uses different formatting than other sites that use HTML and CSS. In the long run, though, you'll find that the WikiSyntax is a lot easier and faster than those other ways. Here are a few links to get you started:

 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article

There are a lot of policies and guides to read, but I highly recommend reading over those first. If you have any questions, feel free to leave me a message on my talk page. Please be sure to sign your name on Talk Pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, along with a link to your user page. This way, others know when you left a message and how to find you. It's easier than having to type out your name, right? :)

I hope you enjoy contributing to Wikipedia. We can use all the help we can get! Have a nice day. Sincerely, Acetic Acid 01:31, August 19, 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:Robot Tron.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Robot Tron.jpg. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is therefore unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the media also doesn't have a copyright tag then you must also add one. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then you can use GFDL-self to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media qualifies as fair use, please read fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other media, please check that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. — Rebelguys2 talk 22:27, 26 February 2006 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called TechMan. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name TechMan~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 03:18, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 19:33, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:TechMan~enwiki


text:
MELCOR

MELCOR is a fully integrated, engineering-level computer code developed by Sandia National Laboratories for the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission to model the progression of severe accidents in nuclear power plants. A broad spectrum of severe accident phenomena in both boiling and pressurized water reactors is treated in MELCOR in a unified framework. MELCOR applications include estimation of severe accident source terms, and their sensitivities and uncertainties in a variety of applications.

title: MELCOR


text:
Kristin Lehman

Kristin Lehman (born May 3, 1972) is a Canadian actress known for her roles in the television series Poltergeist: The Legacy, Judging Amy, and The Killing. From 2013 to 2016, she starred as Detective Angie Flynn in the CTV series Motive. In 2018, Lehman played Miriam Bancroft, wife of Laurens Bancroft, in Season 1 of Netflix's Altered Carbon.

Life and career
Lehman was born in New Westminster, British Columbia, grew up in Vancouver and studied classical ballet at Canada's Royal Academy of Dance for eight years. She has acted professionally since 1995. In the 1990s, she appeared in Canadian programs such as Forever Knight, Due South and Kung Fu: The Legend Continues, before moving to Los Angeles.

Lehman was a regular cast member in the Showtime horror series Poltergeist: The Legacy (1998–99). She later starred in the short-lived ABC medical drama Strange World (1999). She also was a regular cast member in the short-lived dramas Century City, Tilt, Killer Instinct and Drive. Lehman also appeared in recurring roles in Felicity and Judging Amy, and played guest roles on many shows, including The Outer Limits, The Twilight Zone, Andromeda, Kevin Hill, Prison Break, and Castle.

Lehman's film credits include Alaska (1996), Bleeders (1997), Dog Park (1998), The Way of the Gun (2000), Lie with Me (2005), The Sentinel (2006), The Loft (2013), and television movies Playing House, Rapid Fire and The Gathering.

Lehman starred in AMC's drama series The Killing from 2011 to 2012, and she played the lead role in the Canadian series Motive for four seasons.

Personal life
Lehman is married to actor Adam Reid, and they have a son.

title: Kristin Lehman


text:
Pink Five

Pink Five is a Star Wars fan film that made its debut on the Internet in 2002 and was written and directed by Trey Stokes and stars Amy Earhart as Stacey (a.k.a. Pink Five), a fast-talking Valley Girl-type dropped into an X-wing cockpit during the Battle of Yavin, and presents familiar events and story points from Episode IV from a very different point of view.

Reception
The film has proven popular with Star Wars fans, winning rave reviews and the George Lucas Selects Award in the AtomFilms- and Lucasfilm-sponsored 2003 Official Star Wars Fan Film Awards, and even played at the 2005 Cannes Film Festival. In August 2010, Time magazine listed it as one of the Top 10 Star Wars fanfilms.

Sequels and other appearances
The success of the first short film inspired sequels: Pink Five Strikes Back (2004), Return of Pink Five, Vol. 1 (2006) and Return of Pink Five, Vol. 2 (2007). With each successive installment, the chapters grew in length and in sophisticated visuals. Unfortunately, the increased expense meant that funding to complete the final chapter (and resolve the cliffhanger at the end of Vol.2) was unavailable for nearly a decade.

Finally, after a successful Kickstarter campaign in 2012, Return of Pink Five, Vol. 3 was finished, and the complete 59-minute Pink Five Saga was screened at conventions around the country in 2013. Later, the saga was released online in 2016. Originally available on Vimeo, the saga has been available on Amazon Video since July 2016.

Stacey appears in Timothy Zahn's 2007 Star Wars novel Allegiance, making her one of the few fan-created Star Wars characters ever to become part of the Star Wars expanded universe.

Stacey also has a brief cameo in the fan film Sith Apprentice, directed by John E. Hudgens.

Additionally, Stacey has now been immortalized on a Topps 30th Anniversary Trading Card. Card #117 ("Fan Films") details the exploits of the Valley Girl X-wing Pilot and her faithful droid, R5-DD.

An original Pink 5 poster also appears in The Star Wars Vault by Steve Sansweet.

title: Pink Five


text:
Alaguilac people

The Alaguilac were an Indigenous people who lived on the Río Motagua in what is now eastern Guatemala, specifically in San Agustín Acasaguastlán. The Alagüilac language is unclassified.

title: Alaguilac people


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mansion.com

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. Redwolf24 04:19, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

Mansion.com
Not popular sports betting site (Alexa 100k), can only serve as an advertisement. lots of issues | leave me a message 01:37, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete poor Alexa rank and only Google hit is itself. -Splash 03:10, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete I've gotten spam advert cookies from them before. Tim Rhymeless (Er...let's shimmy) 03:28, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Jiříkov

Jiříkov (Georgswalde) is a town in Děčín District in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 3,500 inhabitants.

Administrative parts
The town is made up of the town parts of Filipov, Loučné, Nový Jiříkov and Starý Jiříkov.

Etymology
The original German name was derived from Dorf im Georgswalde (i.e. "the village in Georg's forest"), which was shortened to Georgswalde. The Czech name Jiříkov means "Jiří's" and derived from the personal name Jiří, which is a Czech variant of Georg.

Geography
Jiříkov is located about 34 km northeast of Děčín and 42 km northwest of Liberec. It lies in the salient region of Šluknov Hook, on the border with Germany. The town is urbanistically fused with the neighbouring German town of Ebersbach-Neugersdorf.

Jiříkov is situated in the Lusatian Highlands. The stream Jiříkovský potok flows through the town.

History
The first written mention of Jiříkov is from 1346. In the 15th century, it belonged to the Šluknov estate. The village of Filipov was founded in 1681 by the then-owner of the estate, Philipp Sigmund of Dietrichstein, and named after him. Flax was grown in the vicinity of Jiříkov, which was further processed, but due to the wars, the linen craft began to flourish only from 1751. In 1753, the village was promoted to a market town by Empress Maria Theresa.

The first textile factory was founded in 1807, and during the 19th century Jiříkov was industrialized. In 1873, the railway was opened. The population grew rapidly and in 1914 Jiříkov became a town. In the interwar period, disagreements between the Czech and German populations began, and in 1938 Jiříkov was annexed by Nazi Germany. After World War II, the Germans were expelled and Jiříkov was repopulated by Czech settlers.

Transport
On the Czech-German border are the road and railway border crossings Jiříkov / Ebersbach. The railway that runs through Jiříkov is unused.

Sights
The main landmark of Jiříkov is the Church of Saint George. It was built in the Baroque style in 1724–1728, on the site of an old Gothic church.

title: Jiříkov