text:
Isotopes of platinum

Naturally occurring platinum (78Pt) consists of five stable isotopes (192Pt, 194Pt, 195Pt, 196Pt, 198Pt) and one very long-lived (half-life 4.83×1011 years) radioisotope (190Pt). There are also 34 known synthetic radioisotopes, the longest-lived of which is 193Pt with a half-life of 50 years. All other isotopes have half-lives under a year, most under a day. All isotopes of platinum are either radioactive or observationally stable, meaning that they are predicted to be radioactive but no actual decay has been observed. Platinum-195 is the most abundant isotope.

List of isotopes

 * 165Pt
 * style="text-align:right" | 78
 * style="text-align:right" | 87
 * 164.99966(43)#
 * 370(180) μs
 * α
 * 161Os
 * 7/2−#
 * 166Pt
 * style="text-align:right" | 78
 * style="text-align:right" | 88
 * 165.99487(32)#
 * 294(62) μs
 * α
 * 162Os
 * 0+
 * 167Pt
 * style="text-align:right" | 78
 * style="text-align:right" | 89
 * 166.99275(33)#
 * 920(120) μs
 * α
 * 163Os
 * 7/2−#
 * rowspan=2|168Pt
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 78
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 90
 * rowspan=2|167.98818(16)
 * rowspan=2|2.02(10) ms
 * α
 * 164Os
 * rowspan=2|0+
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β+ ?
 * 168Ir
 * rowspan=2|169Pt
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 78
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 91
 * rowspan=2|168.98662(22)#
 * rowspan=2|6.99(9) ms
 * α
 * 165Os
 * rowspan=2|(7/2−)
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β+ ?
 * 169Ir
 * rowspan=2|170Pt
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 78
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 92
 * rowspan=2|169.982502(20)
 * rowspan=2|13.93(16) ms
 * α
 * 166Os
 * rowspan=2|0+
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β+ ?
 * 170Ir
 * rowspan=2|171Pt
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 78
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 93
 * rowspan=2|170.981249(87)
 * rowspan=2|45.5(25) ms
 * α (86%)
 * 167Os
 * rowspan=2|7/2−
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β+ (14%)
 * 171Ir
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 171mPt
 * colspan=3 style="text-indent:2em" | 412.6(10) keV
 * 901(9) ns
 * IT
 * 171Pt
 * 13/2+
 * rowspan=2|172Pt
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 78
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 94
 * rowspan=2|171.977341(11)
 * rowspan=2|97.6(13) ms
 * α (96%)
 * 168Os
 * rowspan=2|0+
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β+ (4%)
 * 172Ir
 * rowspan=2|173Pt
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 78
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 95
 * rowspan=2|172.976450(68)
 * rowspan=2|382(2) ms
 * α (86%)
 * 169Os
 * rowspan=2|(5/2−)
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β+ (14%)
 * 173Ir
 * rowspan=2|174Pt
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 78
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 96
 * rowspan=2|173.972820(11)
 * rowspan=2|862(8) ms
 * α (74.9%)
 * 170Os
 * rowspan=2|0+
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β+ (25.1%)
 * 174Ir
 * rowspan=2|175Pt
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 78
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 97
 * rowspan=2|174.972401(20)
 * rowspan=2|2.43(4) s
 * α (64%)
 * 171Os
 * rowspan=2|(7/2−)
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β+ (36%)
 * 175Ir
 * rowspan=2|176Pt
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 78
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 98
 * rowspan=2|175.968938(14)
 * rowspan=2|6.33(15) s
 * β+ (60%)
 * 176Ir
 * rowspan=2|0+
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * α (40%)
 * 172Os
 * rowspan=2|177Pt
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 78
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 99
 * rowspan=2|176.968470(16)
 * rowspan=2|10.0(04) s
 * β+ (94.3%)
 * 177Ir
 * rowspan=2|5/2−
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * α (5.7%)
 * 173Os
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 177mPt
 * colspan=3 style="text-indent:2em" | 147.5(4) keV
 * 2.35(4) μs
 * IT
 * 177Pt
 * 1/2−
 * rowspan=2|178Pt
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 78
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 100
 * rowspan=2|177.965649(11)
 * rowspan=2|20.7(7) s
 * β+ (92.3%)
 * 178Ir
 * rowspan=2|0+
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * α (7.7%)
 * 174Os
 * rowspan=2|179Pt
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 78
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 101
 * rowspan=2|178.9653588(86)
 * rowspan=2|21.2(4) s
 * β+ (99.76%)
 * 179Ir
 * rowspan=2|1/2−
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * α (0.24%)
 * 175Os
 * rowspan=2|180Pt
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 78
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 102
 * rowspan=2|179.963038(11)
 * rowspan=2|56(3) s
 * β+ (99.48%)
 * 180Ir
 * rowspan=2|0+
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * α (0.52%)
 * 176Os
 * rowspan=2|181Pt
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 78
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 103
 * rowspan=2|180.963090(15)
 * rowspan=2|52.0(22) s
 * β+ (99.93%)
 * 181Ir
 * rowspan=2|1/2−
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * α (0.074%)
 * 177Os
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 181mPt
 * colspan=3 style="text-indent:2em" | 116.65(8) keV
 * >300 ns
 * IT
 * 181Pt
 * 7/2−
 * rowspan=2|182Pt
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 78
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 104
 * rowspan=2|181.961172(14)
 * rowspan=2|2.67(12) min
 * β+ (99.962%)
 * 182Ir
 * rowspan=2|0+
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * α (0.038%)
 * 178Os
 * rowspan=2|183Pt
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 78
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 105
 * rowspan=2|182.961596(15)
 * rowspan=2|6.5(10) min
 * β+ (99.99%)
 * 183Ir
 * rowspan=2|1/2−
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * α (0.0096%)
 * 179Os
 * rowspan=3 style="text-indent:1em" | 183m1Pt
 * rowspan=3 colspan=3 style="text-indent:2em" | 34.74(7) keV
 * rowspan=3|43(5) s
 * β+ (96.9%)
 * 183Ir
 * rowspan=3|7/2−
 * rowspan=3|
 * rowspan=3|
 * IT (3.1%)
 * 183Pt
 * α ?
 * 179Os
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 183m2Pt
 * colspan=3 style="text-indent:2em" | 195.90(10) keV
 * >150 ns
 * IT
 * 183Pt
 * 9/2+
 * rowspan=2|184Pt
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 78
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 106
 * rowspan=2|183.959922(16)
 * rowspan=2|17.3(2) min
 * β+
 * 184Ir
 * rowspan=2|0+
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * α (0.0017%)
 * 180Os
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 184mPt
 * colspan=3 style="text-indent:2em" | 1840.3(8) keV
 * 1.01(5) ms
 * IT
 * 184Pt
 * 8−
 * rowspan=2|185Pt
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 78
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 107
 * rowspan=2|184.960614(28)
 * rowspan=2|70.9(24) min
 * β+
 * 185Ir
 * rowspan=2|9/2+
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * α (0.0050%)
 * 181Os
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 185m1Pt
 * colspan=3 style="text-indent:2em" | 103.41(5) keV
 * 33.0(8) min
 * β+
 * 185Ir
 * 1/2−
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 185m2Pt
 * colspan=3 style="text-indent:2em" | 200.89(4) keV
 * 728(20) ns
 * IT
 * 185Pt
 * 5/2−
 * rowspan=2|186Pt
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 78
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 108
 * rowspan=2|185.959351(23)
 * rowspan=2|2.08(5) h
 * β+
 * 186Ir
 * rowspan=2|0+
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * α (1.4×10−4%)
 * 182Os
 * 187Pt
 * style="text-align:right" | 78
 * style="text-align:right" | 109
 * 186.960617(26)
 * 2.35(3) h
 * β+
 * 187Ir
 * 3/2−
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 187mPt
 * colspan=3 style="text-indent:2em" | 174.38(22) keV
 * 311(15) μs
 * IT
 * 187Pt
 * 11/2+
 * rowspan=2|188Pt
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 78
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 110
 * rowspan=2|187.9593975(57)
 * rowspan=2|10.16(18) d
 * EC
 * 188Ir
 * rowspan=2|0+
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * α (2.6×10−5%)
 * 184Os
 * 189Pt
 * style="text-align:right" | 78
 * style="text-align:right" | 111
 * 188.960848(11)
 * 10.87(12) h
 * β+
 * 189Ir
 * 3/2−
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 189m1Pt
 * colspan=3 style="text-indent:2em" | 172.79(6) keV
 * 464(25) ns
 * IT
 * 189Pt
 * 9/2−
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 189m2Pt
 * colspan=3 style="text-indent:2em" | 191.6(4) keV
 * 143(5) μs
 * IT
 * 189Pt
 * (13/2+)
 * 190Pt
 * style="text-align:right" | 78
 * style="text-align:right" | 112
 * 189.95994982(71)
 * 4.83(3)×1011 y
 * α
 * 186Os
 * 0+
 * 1.2(2)×10−4
 * 191Pt
 * style="text-align:right" | 78
 * style="text-align:right" | 113
 * 190.9616763(44)
 * 2.83(2) d
 * EC
 * 191Ir
 * 3/2−
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 191m1Pt
 * colspan=3 style="text-indent:2em" | 100.663(20) keV
 * >1 μs
 * IT
 * 191Pt
 * 9/2−
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 191m2Pt
 * colspan=3 style="text-indent:2em" | 149.035(22) keV
 * 95(5) μs
 * IT
 * 191Pt
 * 13/2+
 * 192Pt
 * style="text-align:right" | 78
 * style="text-align:right" | 114
 * 191.9610427(28)
 * colspan=3 align=center|Observationally Stable
 * 0+
 * 0.00782(24)
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 192mPt
 * colspan=3 style="text-indent:2em" | 2172.37(13) keV
 * 272(23) ns
 * IT
 * 192Pt
 * 10−
 * 193Pt
 * style="text-align:right" | 78
 * style="text-align:right" | 115
 * 192.9629845(15)
 * 50(6) y
 * EC
 * 193Ir
 * 1/2−
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 193mPt
 * colspan=3 style="text-indent:2em" | 149.78(4) keV
 * 4.33(3) d
 * IT
 * 193Pt
 * 13/2+
 * 194Pt
 * style="text-align:right" | 78
 * style="text-align:right" | 116
 * 193.96268350(53)
 * colspan=3 align=center|Observationally Stable
 * 0+
 * 0.3286(41)
 * 195Pt
 * style="text-align:right" | 78
 * style="text-align:right" | 117
 * 194.96479433(54)
 * colspan=3 align=center|Observationally Stable
 * 1/2−
 * 0.3378(24)
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 195mPt
 * colspan=3 style="text-indent:2em" | 259.077(23) keV
 * 4.010(5) d
 * IT
 * 195Pt
 * 13/2+
 * 196Pt
 * style="text-align:right" | 78
 * style="text-align:right" | 118
 * 195.96495465(55)
 * colspan=3 align=center|Observationally Stable
 * 0+
 * 0.2521(34)
 * 197Pt
 * style="text-align:right" | 78
 * style="text-align:right" | 119
 * 196.96734303(58)
 * 19.8915(19) h
 * β−
 * 197Au
 * 1/2−
 * rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 197mPt
 * rowspan=2 colspan=3 style="text-indent:2em" | 399.59(20) keV
 * rowspan=2|95.41(18) min
 * IT (96.7%)
 * 197Pt
 * rowspan=2|13/2+
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β− (3.3%)
 * 197Au
 * 198Pt
 * style="text-align:right" | 78
 * style="text-align:right" | 120
 * 197.9678967(23)
 * colspan=3 align=center|Observationally Stable
 * 0+
 * 0.0734(13)
 * 199Pt
 * style="text-align:right" | 78
 * style="text-align:right" | 121
 * 198.9705970(23)
 * 30.80(21) min
 * β−
 * 199Au
 * 5/2−
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 199mPt
 * colspan=3 style="text-indent:2em" | 424(2) keV
 * 13.48(16) s
 * IT
 * 199Pt
 * 13/2+
 * 200Pt
 * style="text-align:right" | 78
 * style="text-align:right" | 122
 * 199.971445(22)
 * 12.6(3) h
 * β−
 * 200Au
 * 0+
 * 201Pt
 * style="text-align:right" | 78
 * style="text-align:right" | 123
 * 200.974513(54)
 * 2.5(1) min
 * β−
 * 201Au
 * (5/2−)
 * 202Pt
 * style="text-align:right" | 78
 * style="text-align:right" | 124
 * 201.975639(27)
 * 44(15) h
 * β−
 * 202Au
 * 0+
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 202mPt
 * colspan=3 style="text-indent:2em" | 1788.5(4) keV
 * 141(7) μs
 * IT
 * 202Pt
 * (7−)
 * 203Pt
 * style="text-align:right" | 78
 * style="text-align:right" | 125
 * 202.97906(22)#
 * 22(4) s
 * β−
 * 203Au
 * (1/2−)
 * rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 203m1Pt
 * rowspan=2 colspan=3 style="text-indent:2em" | 1367(3)# keV
 * rowspan=2 | 12(5) s
 * β−
 * 203Au
 * rowspan=2 | 13/2+#
 * rowspan=2 |
 * rowspan=2 |
 * IT ?
 * 203Pt
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 203m2Pt
 * colspan=3 style="text-indent:2em" | 1420(50)# keV
 * >100# ns
 * IT
 * 203Pt
 * 27/2−#
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 203m3Pt
 * colspan=3 style="text-indent:2em" | 2530(50)# keV
 * 641(55) ns
 * IT
 * 203Pt
 * 33/2+#
 * 204Pt
 * style="text-align:right" | 78
 * style="text-align:right" | 126
 * 203.98108(22)#
 * 10.3(14) s
 * β−
 * 204Au
 * 0+
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 204m1Pt
 * colspan=3 style="text-indent:2em" | 1995.1(07) keV
 * 5.5(7) μs
 * IT
 * 204Pt
 * (5−)
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 204m2Pt
 * colspan=3 style="text-indent:2em" | 2035(23) keV
 * 55(3) μs
 * IT
 * 204Pt
 * (7−)
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 204m3Pt
 * colspan=3 style="text-indent:2em" | 3193(23) keV
 * 146(14) ns
 * IT
 * 204Pt
 * (10+)
 * 205Pt
 * style="text-align:right" | 78
 * style="text-align:right" | 127
 * 204.98624(32)#
 * 2# s
 * β− ?
 * 205Au
 * 9/2+#
 * rowspan=2 | 206Pt
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 78
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 128
 * rowspan=2 | 205.99008(32)#
 * rowspan=2 | 500# ms
 * β− ?
 * 206Au
 * rowspan=2 | 0+
 * rowspan=2 |
 * rowspan=2 |
 * β−n ?
 * 205Au
 * rowspan=2 | 207Pt
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 78
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 129
 * rowspan=2 | 206.99556(43)#
 * rowspan=2 | 600# ms
 * β− ?
 * 207Au
 * rowspan=2 | 9/2+#
 * rowspan=2 |
 * rowspan=2 |
 * β−n ?
 * 206Au
 * rowspan=2 | 208Pt
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 78
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 130
 * rowspan=2 | 207.99946(43)#
 * rowspan=2 | 220# ms
 * β− ?
 * 208Au
 * rowspan=2 | 0+
 * rowspan=2 |
 * rowspan=2 |
 * β−n ?
 * 207Au
 * 200Pt
 * style="text-align:right" | 78
 * style="text-align:right" | 122
 * 199.971445(22)
 * 12.6(3) h
 * β−
 * 200Au
 * 0+
 * 201Pt
 * style="text-align:right" | 78
 * style="text-align:right" | 123
 * 200.974513(54)
 * 2.5(1) min
 * β−
 * 201Au
 * (5/2−)
 * 202Pt
 * style="text-align:right" | 78
 * style="text-align:right" | 124
 * 201.975639(27)
 * 44(15) h
 * β−
 * 202Au
 * 0+
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 202mPt
 * colspan=3 style="text-indent:2em" | 1788.5(4) keV
 * 141(7) μs
 * IT
 * 202Pt
 * (7−)
 * 203Pt
 * style="text-align:right" | 78
 * style="text-align:right" | 125
 * 202.97906(22)#
 * 22(4) s
 * β−
 * 203Au
 * (1/2−)
 * rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 203m1Pt
 * rowspan=2 colspan=3 style="text-indent:2em" | 1367(3)# keV
 * rowspan=2 | 12(5) s
 * β−
 * 203Au
 * rowspan=2 | 13/2+#
 * rowspan=2 |
 * rowspan=2 |
 * IT ?
 * 203Pt
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 203m2Pt
 * colspan=3 style="text-indent:2em" | 1420(50)# keV
 * >100# ns
 * IT
 * 203Pt
 * 27/2−#
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 203m3Pt
 * colspan=3 style="text-indent:2em" | 2530(50)# keV
 * 641(55) ns
 * IT
 * 203Pt
 * 33/2+#
 * 204Pt
 * style="text-align:right" | 78
 * style="text-align:right" | 126
 * 203.98108(22)#
 * 10.3(14) s
 * β−
 * 204Au
 * 0+
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 204m1Pt
 * colspan=3 style="text-indent:2em" | 1995.1(07) keV
 * 5.5(7) μs
 * IT
 * 204Pt
 * (5−)
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 204m2Pt
 * colspan=3 style="text-indent:2em" | 2035(23) keV
 * 55(3) μs
 * IT
 * 204Pt
 * (7−)
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 204m3Pt
 * colspan=3 style="text-indent:2em" | 3193(23) keV
 * 146(14) ns
 * IT
 * 204Pt
 * (10+)
 * 205Pt
 * style="text-align:right" | 78
 * style="text-align:right" | 127
 * 204.98624(32)#
 * 2# s
 * β− ?
 * 205Au
 * 9/2+#
 * rowspan=2 | 206Pt
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 78
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 128
 * rowspan=2 | 205.99008(32)#
 * rowspan=2 | 500# ms
 * β− ?
 * 206Au
 * rowspan=2 | 0+
 * rowspan=2 |
 * rowspan=2 |
 * β−n ?
 * 205Au
 * rowspan=2 | 207Pt
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 78
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 129
 * rowspan=2 | 206.99556(43)#
 * rowspan=2 | 600# ms
 * β− ?
 * 207Au
 * rowspan=2 | 9/2+#
 * rowspan=2 |
 * rowspan=2 |
 * β−n ?
 * 206Au
 * rowspan=2 | 208Pt
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 78
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 130
 * rowspan=2 | 207.99946(43)#
 * rowspan=2 | 220# ms
 * β− ?
 * 208Au
 * rowspan=2 | 0+
 * rowspan=2 |
 * rowspan=2 |
 * β−n ?
 * 207Au
 * 205Au
 * 9/2+#
 * rowspan=2 | 206Pt
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 78
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 128
 * rowspan=2 | 205.99008(32)#
 * rowspan=2 | 500# ms
 * β− ?
 * 206Au
 * rowspan=2 | 0+
 * rowspan=2 |
 * rowspan=2 |
 * β−n ?
 * 205Au
 * rowspan=2 | 207Pt
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 78
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 129
 * rowspan=2 | 206.99556(43)#
 * rowspan=2 | 600# ms
 * β− ?
 * 207Au
 * rowspan=2 | 9/2+#
 * rowspan=2 |
 * rowspan=2 |
 * β−n ?
 * 206Au
 * rowspan=2 | 208Pt
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 78
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 130
 * rowspan=2 | 207.99946(43)#
 * rowspan=2 | 220# ms
 * β− ?
 * 208Au
 * rowspan=2 | 0+
 * rowspan=2 |
 * rowspan=2 |
 * β−n ?
 * 207Au
 * β− ?
 * 208Au
 * rowspan=2 | 0+
 * rowspan=2 |
 * rowspan=2 |
 * β−n ?
 * 207Au
 * 207Au

title: Isotopes of platinum


text:
Talk:Noël Browne

Dublin South East 1973
A small point of history:

The inference in the text is that Noel Browne was refused the Labour Party nomination in 1973.

I attended the Labour Party selection conference for Dublin South East constituency before the election in 1973. Fine Gael and Labour had already agreed to fight that election as the National Coalition. Noel Browne was in essence offered the opportunity to stand but refused, basically because he was unwilling to work with Fine Gael in any form after the Mother & Child saga. The selection conference then proceeded to nominate Ruairi Quinn as the candidate.

Mother and Child Scheme
The Mother and Child Scheme points to this article - it was a significant event in the history of the Republic of Ireland. I intend to demerge the material, from this article, and create an article in its own right. Any comments? Djegan 22:56, 17 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Excellent idea. Palmiro | Talk 14:08, 19 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Agree (Gnevin 16:15, 19 February 2006 (UTC))

 * Done. Djegan 00:01, 5 March 2006 (UTC)

Relationship with Catholic Church
He seems to have had overt problems with the Mother and Child Scheme. But other more minor events seems to suggest he was already in conflict with some of the sectarian requirements of the Catholic Church in Ireland. He attended Trinity College, Dublin which the Church generally prohibited at the time, and apparently attended the funeral of the first President of Ireland Douglas Hyde at St. Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin, again prohibited to Catholics. Was he excommunicated? Or just distrusted? --Henrygb 20:08, 11 March 2006 (UTC)

Father a member of RIC
This article states that Browne's father was a member of the Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC), but does not cite its authority. Seán McBride makes a similar assertion in his self-serving memoirs, and it is considered a smear. According to Senator David Norris ('Speaking Ill of the Dead', RTÉ Radio 1, 14th December 2006), who was a friend of Dr Browne, his father was in fact an inspector with the RSPCA who lost his job when he developed TB. It was this that led to the family's impoverishment and to Browne's determination to eradicate TB. Unless a better source can be provided, I think the entry should be edited. Kadugli 12:38, 10 August 2007 (UTC) I've corrected this item (it's NSPCC, not RSPCA or RIC), and made additional revisions to this section, drawing on material from Against The Tide JXM 15:17, 11 August 2007 (UTC)

Diabetes
This article made references about his criticism of a former colleague who ate cakes. It could may not have been known by browne that the minister had diabetes, as well as that criticism could be justified if that was the case as high sugar levels are can lead to nephrotpoxicity and liver damage in diabetics. Also diabetes mellitus is directly linked to obesity and poor diet and as a doctor his displeasure may be somewhat justified. I omitted this discussion about diabetes from the page. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 193.1.229.15 (talk) 21:53, 28 March 2009 (UTC)

Offer of presidential candidacy
This section lacks an appropriately neutral tone and comes across as subjective and anecdotal. The phrase "some left-wing member" requires clarification. If the person is known to the author then they should be named, if they cannot be named then suppositions should not be made (as to whether they are left-wing or right-wing), particularly when its sounds so dismissive. Also the sentence "he spent the remaining seven years of his life constantly criticising Robinson" is highly subjective. It may be based on anecdotal stories from the two books quoted as sources but nonetheless the tone is highly inappropriate. Links or references to news articles would also help add veracity to the claims made here. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Frontier psychiatrist (talk • contribs) 02:11, 10 March 2010 (UTC)

New theory
The article says that Browne suffered from numerous attacks of TB. This was probably true, when he was young. It is possible that he benefited from Streptomycin, which became available widely in 1948 and later. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.27.157.20 (talk) 14:32, 20 March 2011 (UTC) Streptomycin has a reputation for causing ear damage, mentioned. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.27.157.20 (talk) 14:37, 20 March 2011 (UTC)

Ivor Browne
It is not clear if the two are related or not. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.139.116.7 (talk) 13:04, 13 April 2011 (UTC)

Birthplace
The first sentence of the Early life and career section gives his birthplace as Waterford, yet the Personal Details section of the infobox gives Dublin - is there a WP:RS that can clarify this? Autarch (talk) 01:11, 30 July 2015 (UTC)

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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Noël Browne


text:
Isotopes of iridium

There are two natural isotopes of iridium (77Ir), and 37 radioisotopes, the most stable radioisotope being 192Ir with a half-life of 73.83 days, and many nuclear isomers, the most stable of which is 192m2Ir with a half-life of 241 years. All other isomers have half-lives under a year, most under a day. All isotopes of iridium are either radioactive or observationally stable, meaning that they are predicted to be radioactive but no actual decay has been observed.

List of isotopes

 * 164Ir
 * style="text-align:right" | 77
 * style="text-align:right" | 87
 * 163.99220(44)#
 * <0.5 μs
 * p?
 * 163Os
 * 2−#
 * rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 164mIr
 * rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 270(110)# keV
 * rowspan=2| 70(10) μs
 * p (96%)
 * 163Os
 * rowspan=2| 9+#
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * α (4%)
 * 160mRe
 * 165Ir
 * style="text-align:right" | 77
 * style="text-align:right" | 88
 * 164.98752(23)#
 * p
 * 164Os
 * (1/2+)
 * rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 165mIr
 * rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | ~255 keV
 * rowspan=2|340(40) μs
 * p (88%)
 * 164Os
 * rowspan=2|(11/2−)
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * α (12%)
 * 161mRe
 * rowspan=2|166Ir
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 77
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 89
 * rowspan=2|165.98582(22)#
 * rowspan=2|10.5(22) ms
 * α (93%)
 * 162Re
 * rowspan=2|(2−)
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * p (7%)
 * 165Os
 * rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 166mIr
 * rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 172(6) keV
 * rowspan=2|15.1(9) ms
 * α (98.2%)
 * 162Re
 * rowspan=2|(9+)
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * p (1.8%)
 * 165Os
 * rowspan=3|167Ir
 * rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 77
 * rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 90
 * rowspan=3|166.981665(20)
 * rowspan=3|35.2(20) ms
 * α (48%)
 * 163Re
 * rowspan=3|1/2+
 * rowspan=3|
 * rowspan=3|
 * p (32%)
 * 166Os
 * β+ (20%)
 * 167Os
 * rowspan=3 style="text-indent:1em" | 167mIr
 * rowspan=3 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 175.3(22) keV
 * rowspan=3|30.0(6) ms
 * α (80%)
 * 163Re
 * rowspan=3|11/2−
 * rowspan=3|
 * rowspan=3|
 * β+ (20%)
 * 167Os
 * p (.4%)
 * 166Os
 * rowspan=2|168Ir
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 77
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 91
 * rowspan=2|167.97988(16)#
 * rowspan=2|161(21) ms
 * α
 * 164Re
 * rowspan=2|(2-)
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β+ (rare)
 * 168Os
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 168mIr
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 50(100)# keV
 * 125(40) ms
 * α
 * 164Re
 * (9+)
 * rowspan=2|169Ir
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 77
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 92
 * rowspan=2|168.976295(28)
 * rowspan=2|780(360) ms [0.64(+46−24) s]
 * α
 * 165Re
 * rowspan=2|(1/2+)
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β+ (rare)
 * 169Os
 * rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 169mIr
 * rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 154(24) keV
 * rowspan=2|308(22) ms
 * α (72%)
 * 165Re
 * rowspan=2|(11/2−)
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β+ (28%)
 * 169Os
 * rowspan=2|170Ir
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 77
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 93
 * rowspan=2|169.97497(11)#
 * rowspan=2|910(150) ms [0.87(+18−12) s]
 * β+ (64%)
 * 170Os
 * rowspan=2|low#
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * α (36%)
 * 166Re
 * rowspan=3 style="text-indent:1em" | 170mIr
 * rowspan=3 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 160(50)# keV
 * rowspan=3|440(60) ms
 * α (36%)
 * 166Re
 * rowspan=3|(8+)
 * rowspan=3|
 * rowspan=3|
 * β+
 * 170Os
 * IT
 * 170Ir
 * rowspan=2|171Ir
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 77
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 94
 * rowspan=2|170.97163(4)
 * rowspan=2|3.6(10) s [3.2(+13−7) s]
 * α (58%)
 * 167Re
 * rowspan=2|1/2+
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β+ (42%)
 * 171Os
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 171mIr
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 180(30)# keV
 * 1.40(10) s
 * (11/2−)
 * rowspan=2|172Ir
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 77
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 95
 * rowspan=2|171.970610(30)
 * rowspan=2|4.4(3) s
 * β+ (98%)
 * 172Os
 * rowspan=2|(3+)
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * α (2%)
 * 168Re
 * rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 172mIr
 * rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 280(100)# keV
 * rowspan=2|2.0(1) s
 * β+ (77%)
 * 172Os
 * rowspan=2|(7+)
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * α (23%)
 * 168Re
 * rowspan=2|173Ir
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 77
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 96
 * rowspan=2|172.967502(15)
 * rowspan=2|9.0(8) s
 * β+ (93%)
 * 173Os
 * rowspan=2|(3/2+,5/2+)
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * α (7%)
 * 169Re
 * rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 173mIr
 * rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 253(27) keV
 * rowspan=2|2.20(5) s
 * β+ (88%)
 * 173Os
 * rowspan=2|(11/2−)
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * α (12%)
 * 169Re
 * rowspan=2|174Ir
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 77
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 97
 * rowspan=2|173.966861(30)
 * rowspan=2|7.9(6) s
 * β+ (99.5%)
 * 174Os
 * rowspan=2|(3+)
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * α (.5%)
 * 170Re
 * rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 174mIr
 * rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 193(11) keV
 * rowspan=2|4.9(3) s
 * β+ (99.53%)
 * 174Os
 * rowspan=2|(7+)
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * α (.47%)
 * 170Re
 * rowspan=2|175Ir
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 77
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 98
 * rowspan=2|174.964113(21)
 * rowspan=2|9(2) s
 * β+ (99.15%)
 * 175Os
 * rowspan=2|(5/2−)
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * α (.85%)
 * 171Re
 * rowspan=2|176Ir
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 77
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 99
 * rowspan=2|175.963649(22)
 * rowspan=2|8.3(6) s
 * β+ (97.9%)
 * 176Os
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * α (2.1%)
 * 172Re
 * rowspan=2|177Ir
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 77
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 100
 * rowspan=2|176.961302(21)
 * rowspan=2|30(2) s
 * β+ (99.94%)
 * 177Os
 * rowspan=2|5/2−
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * α (.06%)
 * 173Re
 * 178Ir
 * style="text-align:right" | 77
 * style="text-align:right" | 101
 * 177.961082(21)
 * 12(2) s
 * β+
 * 178Os
 * 179Ir
 * style="text-align:right" | 77
 * style="text-align:right" | 102
 * 178.959122(12)
 * 79(1) s
 * β+
 * 179Os
 * (5/2)−
 * 180Ir
 * style="text-align:right" | 77
 * style="text-align:right" | 103
 * 179.959229(23)
 * 1.5(1) min
 * β+
 * 180Os
 * (4,5)(+#)
 * 181Ir
 * style="text-align:right" | 77
 * style="text-align:right" | 104
 * 180.957625(28)
 * 4.90(15) min
 * β+
 * 181Os
 * (5/2)−
 * 182Ir
 * style="text-align:right" | 77
 * style="text-align:right" | 105
 * 181.958076(23)
 * 15(1) min
 * β+
 * 182Os
 * (3+)
 * rowspan=2|183Ir
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 77
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 106
 * rowspan=2|182.956846(27)
 * rowspan=2|57(4) min
 * β+ ( 99.95%)
 * 183Os
 * rowspan=2|5/2−
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * α (.05%)
 * 179Re
 * 184Ir
 * style="text-align:right" | 77
 * style="text-align:right" | 107
 * 183.95748(3)
 * 3.09(3) h
 * β+
 * 184Os
 * 5−
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 184m1Ir
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 225.65(11) keV
 * 470(30) μs
 * 3+
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 184m2Ir
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 328.40(24) keV
 * 350(90) ns
 * (7)+
 * 185Ir
 * style="text-align:right" | 77
 * style="text-align:right" | 108
 * 184.95670(3)
 * 14.4(1) h
 * β+
 * 185Os
 * 5/2−
 * 186Ir
 * style="text-align:right" | 77
 * style="text-align:right" | 109
 * 185.957946(18)
 * 16.64(3) h
 * β+
 * 186Os
 * 5+
 * rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 186mIr
 * rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 0.8(4) keV
 * rowspan=2|1.92(5) h
 * β+
 * 186Os
 * rowspan=2|2−
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * IT (rare)
 * 186Ir
 * 187Ir
 * style="text-align:right" | 77
 * style="text-align:right" | 110
 * 186.957363(7)
 * 10.5(3) h
 * β+
 * 187Os
 * 3/2+
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 187m1Ir
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 186.15(4) keV
 * 30.3(6) ms
 * IT
 * 187Ir
 * 9/2−
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 187m2Ir
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 433.81(9) keV
 * 152(12) ns
 * 11/2−
 * 188Ir
 * style="text-align:right" | 77
 * style="text-align:right" | 111
 * 187.958853(8)
 * 41.5(5) h
 * β+
 * 188Os
 * 1−
 * rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 188mIr
 * rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 970(30) keV
 * rowspan=2|4.2(2) ms
 * IT
 * 188Ir
 * rowspan=2|7+#
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β+ (rare)
 * 188Os
 * 189Ir
 * style="text-align:right" | 77
 * style="text-align:right" | 112
 * 188.958719(14)
 * 13.2(1) d
 * EC
 * 189Os
 * 3/2+
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 189m1Ir
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 372.18(4) keV
 * 13.3(3) ms
 * IT
 * 189Ir
 * 11/2−
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 189m2Ir
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2333.3(4) keV
 * 3.7(2) ms
 * (25/2)+
 * rowspan=2|190Ir
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 77
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 113
 * rowspan=2|189.9605460(18)
 * rowspan=2|11.78(10) d
 * EC
 * rowspan=2|190Os
 * rowspan=2|4−
 * rowspan=2 |
 * β+ (<0.002%)
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 190m1Ir
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 26.1(1) keV
 * 1.120(3) h
 * IT
 * 190Ir
 * (1−)
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 190m2Ir
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 36.154(25) keV
 * >2 μs
 * (4)+
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 190m3Ir
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 376.4(1) keV
 * 3.087(12) h
 * (11)−
 * 191Ir
 * style="text-align:right" | 77
 * style="text-align:right" | 114
 * 190.9605940(18)
 * colspan=3 align=center|Observationally Stable
 * 3/2+
 * 0.373(2)
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 191m1Ir
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 171.24(5) keV
 * 4.94(3) s
 * IT
 * 191Ir
 * 11/2−
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 191m2Ir
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2120(40) keV
 * 5.5(7) s
 * rowspan=2|192Ir
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 77
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 115
 * rowspan=2|191.9626050(18)
 * rowspan=2|73.827(13) d
 * β− (95.24%)
 * 192Pt
 * rowspan=2|4+
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * EC (4.76%)
 * 192Os
 * rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 192m1Ir
 * rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 56.720(5) keV
 * rowspan=2|1.45(5) min
 * IT (98.25%)
 * 192Ir
 * rowspan=2|1−
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β− (1.75%)
 * 192Pt
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 192m2Ir
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 168.14(12) keV
 * 241(9) y
 * IT
 * 192Ir
 * (11−)
 * 193Ir
 * style="text-align:right" | 77
 * style="text-align:right" | 116
 * 192.9629264(18)
 * colspan=3 align=center|Observationally Stable
 * 3/2+
 * 0.627(2)
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 193mIr
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 80.240(6) keV
 * 10.53(4) d
 * IT
 * 193Ir
 * 11/2−
 * 194Ir
 * style="text-align:right" | 77
 * style="text-align:right" | 117
 * 193.9650784(18)
 * 19.28(13) h
 * β−
 * 194Pt
 * 1−
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 194m1Ir
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 147.078(5) keV
 * 31.85(24) ms
 * IT
 * 194Ir
 * (4+)
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 194m2Ir
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 370(70) keV
 * 171(11) d
 * (10,11)(−#)
 * 195Ir
 * style="text-align:right" | 77
 * style="text-align:right" | 118
 * 194.9659796(18)
 * 2.5(2) h
 * β−
 * 195Pt
 * 3/2+
 * rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 195mIr
 * rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 100(5) keV
 * rowspan=2|3.8(2) h
 * β− (95%)
 * 195Pt
 * rowspan=2|11/2−
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * IT (5%)
 * 195Ir
 * 196Ir
 * style="text-align:right" | 77
 * style="text-align:right" | 119
 * 195.96840(4)
 * 52(1) s
 * β−
 * 196Pt
 * (0−)
 * rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 196mIr
 * rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 210(40) keV
 * rowspan=2|1.40(2) h
 * β− (99.7%)
 * 196Pt
 * rowspan=2|(10,11−)
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * IT
 * 196Ir
 * 197Ir
 * style="text-align:right" | 77
 * style="text-align:right" | 120
 * 196.969653(22)
 * 5.8(5) min
 * β−
 * 197Pt
 * 3/2+
 * rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 197mIr
 * rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 115(5) keV
 * rowspan=2|8.9(3) min
 * β− (99.75%)
 * 197Pt
 * rowspan=2|11/2−
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * IT (.25%)
 * 197Ir
 * 198Ir
 * style="text-align:right" | 77
 * style="text-align:right" | 121
 * 197.97228(21)#
 * 8(1) s
 * β−
 * 198Pt
 * 199Ir
 * style="text-align:right" | 77
 * style="text-align:right" | 122
 * 198.97380(4)
 * 7(5) s
 * β−
 * 199Pt
 * 3/2+#
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 199mIr
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 130(40)# keV
 * 235(90) ns
 * IT
 * 199Ir
 * 11/2−#
 * 200Ir
 * style="text-align:right" | 77
 * style="text-align:right" | 123
 * 199.976800(210)#
 * 43(6) s
 * β−
 * 200Pt
 * (2-, 3-)
 * 201Ir
 * style="text-align:right" | 77
 * style="text-align:right" | 124
 * 200.978640(210)#
 * 21(5) s
 * β−
 * 201Pt
 * (3/2+)
 * 202Ir
 * style="text-align:right" | 77
 * style="text-align:right" | 125
 * 201.981990(320)#
 * 11(3) s
 * β−
 * 202Pt
 * (2-)
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 202mIr
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2000(1000)# keV
 * 3.4(0.6) μs
 * IT
 * 202Ir
 * EC (4.76%)
 * 192Os
 * rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 192m1Ir
 * rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 56.720(5) keV
 * rowspan=2|1.45(5) min
 * IT (98.25%)
 * 192Ir
 * rowspan=2|1−
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β− (1.75%)
 * 192Pt
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 192m2Ir
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 168.14(12) keV
 * 241(9) y
 * IT
 * 192Ir
 * (11−)
 * 193Ir
 * style="text-align:right" | 77
 * style="text-align:right" | 116
 * 192.9629264(18)
 * colspan=3 align=center|Observationally Stable
 * 3/2+
 * 0.627(2)
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 193mIr
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 80.240(6) keV
 * 10.53(4) d
 * IT
 * 193Ir
 * 11/2−
 * 194Ir
 * style="text-align:right" | 77
 * style="text-align:right" | 117
 * 193.9650784(18)
 * 19.28(13) h
 * β−
 * 194Pt
 * 1−
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 194m1Ir
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 147.078(5) keV
 * 31.85(24) ms
 * IT
 * 194Ir
 * (4+)
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 194m2Ir
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 370(70) keV
 * 171(11) d
 * (10,11)(−#)
 * 195Ir
 * style="text-align:right" | 77
 * style="text-align:right" | 118
 * 194.9659796(18)
 * 2.5(2) h
 * β−
 * 195Pt
 * 3/2+
 * rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 195mIr
 * rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 100(5) keV
 * rowspan=2|3.8(2) h
 * β− (95%)
 * 195Pt
 * rowspan=2|11/2−
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * IT (5%)
 * 195Ir
 * 196Ir
 * style="text-align:right" | 77
 * style="text-align:right" | 119
 * 195.96840(4)
 * 52(1) s
 * β−
 * 196Pt
 * (0−)
 * rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 196mIr
 * rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 210(40) keV
 * rowspan=2|1.40(2) h
 * β− (99.7%)
 * 196Pt
 * rowspan=2|(10,11−)
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * IT
 * 196Ir
 * 197Ir
 * style="text-align:right" | 77
 * style="text-align:right" | 120
 * 196.969653(22)
 * 5.8(5) min
 * β−
 * 197Pt
 * 3/2+
 * rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 197mIr
 * rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 115(5) keV
 * rowspan=2|8.9(3) min
 * β− (99.75%)
 * 197Pt
 * rowspan=2|11/2−
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * IT (.25%)
 * 197Ir
 * 198Ir
 * style="text-align:right" | 77
 * style="text-align:right" | 121
 * 197.97228(21)#
 * 8(1) s
 * β−
 * 198Pt
 * 199Ir
 * style="text-align:right" | 77
 * style="text-align:right" | 122
 * 198.97380(4)
 * 7(5) s
 * β−
 * 199Pt
 * 3/2+#
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 199mIr
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 130(40)# keV
 * 235(90) ns
 * IT
 * 199Ir
 * 11/2−#
 * 200Ir
 * style="text-align:right" | 77
 * style="text-align:right" | 123
 * 199.976800(210)#
 * 43(6) s
 * β−
 * 200Pt
 * (2-, 3-)
 * 201Ir
 * style="text-align:right" | 77
 * style="text-align:right" | 124
 * 200.978640(210)#
 * 21(5) s
 * β−
 * 201Pt
 * (3/2+)
 * 202Ir
 * style="text-align:right" | 77
 * style="text-align:right" | 125
 * 201.981990(320)#
 * 11(3) s
 * β−
 * 202Pt
 * (2-)
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 202mIr
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2000(1000)# keV
 * 3.4(0.6) μs
 * IT
 * 202Ir
 * style="text-align:right" | 77
 * style="text-align:right" | 122
 * 198.97380(4)
 * 7(5) s
 * β−
 * 199Pt
 * 3/2+#
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 199mIr
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 130(40)# keV
 * 235(90) ns
 * IT
 * 199Ir
 * 11/2−#
 * 200Ir
 * style="text-align:right" | 77
 * style="text-align:right" | 123
 * 199.976800(210)#
 * 43(6) s
 * β−
 * 200Pt
 * (2-, 3-)
 * 201Ir
 * style="text-align:right" | 77
 * style="text-align:right" | 124
 * 200.978640(210)#
 * 21(5) s
 * β−
 * 201Pt
 * (3/2+)
 * 202Ir
 * style="text-align:right" | 77
 * style="text-align:right" | 125
 * 201.981990(320)#
 * 11(3) s
 * β−
 * 202Pt
 * (2-)
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 202mIr
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2000(1000)# keV
 * 3.4(0.6) μs
 * IT
 * 202Ir
 * style="text-align:right" | 77
 * style="text-align:right" | 125
 * 201.981990(320)#
 * 11(3) s
 * β−
 * 202Pt
 * (2-)
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 202mIr
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2000(1000)# keV
 * 3.4(0.6) μs
 * IT
 * 202Ir
 * 3.4(0.6) μs
 * IT
 * 202Ir

Iridium-192
Iridium-192 (symbol 192Ir) is a radioactive isotope of iridium, with a half-life of 73.83 days. It decays by emitting beta (β) particles and gamma (γ) radiation. About 96% of 192Ir decays occur via emission of β and γ radiation, leading to 192Pt. Some of the β particles are captured by other 192Ir nuclei, which are then converted to 192Os. Electron capture is responsible for the remaining 4% of 192Ir decays. Iridium-192 is normally produced by neutron activation of natural-abundance iridium metal.

Iridium-192 is a very strong gamma ray emitter, with a gamma dose-constant of approximately 1.54 μSv·h−1·MBq−1 at 30 cm, and a specific activity of 341 TBq·g−1 (9.22 kCi·g−1). There are seven principal energy packets produced during its disintegration process ranging from just over 0.2 to about 0.6 MeV.

The 192m2Ir isomer is unusual, both for its long half-life for an isomer, and that said half-life greatly exceeds that of the ground state of the same isotope.

title: Isotopes of iridium


text:
Hazi Helo

Hazi Helo (also romanized as Hazzy Hilo, حظي حلو) is the sixth studio album by Najwa Karam.

Track listing

 * 1) "Ala Mahlak" (Slowly)
 * 2) "Hazi Helo" (I'm Lucky)
 * 3) "Ba'adak Ma Btarifni" (You still don't know me)
 * 4) "El-Ghorbil" (Filter)
 * 5) "Dalouna" (Dalouna)
 * 6) "Bta'mil Rai" (You will do a good thing)
 * 7) "Qisa Ghareiba" ( A strange story)
 * 8) "Khayarouni" (They made me choose)

title: Hazi Helo


text:
Isotopes of osmium

Osmium (76Os) has seven naturally occurring isotopes, five of which are stable: 187Os, 188Os, 189Os, 190Os, and (most abundant) 192Os. The other natural isotopes, 184Os, and 186Os, have extremely long half-life (1.12×1013 years and 2×1015 years, respectively) and for practical purposes can be considered to be stable as well. 187Os is the daughter of 187Re (half-life 4.12×1010 years) and is most often measured in an 187Os/188Os ratio. This ratio, as well as the 187Re/188Os ratio, have been used extensively in dating terrestrial as well as meteoric rocks. It has also been used to measure the intensity of continental weathering over geologic time and to fix minimum ages for stabilization of the mantle roots of continental cratons. However, the most notable application of Os in dating has been in conjunction with iridium, to analyze the layer of shocked quartz along the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary that marks the extinction of the dinosaurs 66 million years ago.

There are also 31 artificial radioisotopes, the longest-lived of which is 194Os with a half-life of six years; all others have half-lives under 93 days. There are also ten known nuclear isomers, the longest-lived of which is 191mOs with a half-life of 13.10 hours. All isotopes and nuclear isomers of osmium are either radioactive or observationally stable, meaning that they are predicted to be radioactive but no actual decay has been observed.

Uses of osmium isotopes
The isotopic ratio of osmium-187 and osmium-188 (187Os/188Os) can be used as a window into geochemical changes throughout the ocean's history. The average marine 187Os/188Os ratio in oceans is 1.06. This value represents a balance of the continental derived riverine inputs of Os with a 187Os/188Os ratio of ~1.3, and the mantle/extraterrestrial inputs with a 187Os/188Os ratio of ~0.13. Being a descendant of 187Re, 187Os can be radiogenically formed by beta decay. This decay has actually pushed the 187Os/188Os ratio of the Bulk silicate earth (Earth minus the core) by 33%. This is what drives the difference in the 187Os/188Os ratio we see between continental materials and mantle material. Crustal rocks have a much higher level of Re, which slowly degrades into 187Os driving up the ratio. Within the mantle however, the uneven response of Re and Os results in these mantle, and melted materials being depleted in Re, and do not allow for them to accumulate 187Os like the continental material. The input of both materials in the marine environment results in the observed 187Os/188Os of the oceans and has fluctuated greatly over the history of our planet. These changes in the isotopic values of marine Os can be observed in the marine sediment that is deposited, and eventually lithified in that time period. This allows for researchers to make estimates on weathering fluxes, identifying flood basalt volcanism, and impact events that may have caused some of our largest mass extinctions. The marine sediment Os isotope record has been used to identify and corroborate the impact of the K-T boundary for example. The impact of this ~10 km asteroid massively altered the 187Os/188Os signature of marine sediments at that time. With the average extraterrestrial 187Os/188Os of ~0.13 and the huge amount of Os this impact contributed (equivalent to 600,000 years of present-day riverine inputs) lowered the global marine 187Os/188Os value of ~0.45 to ~0.2.

Os isotope ratios may also be used as a signal of anthropogenic impact. The same 187Os/188Os ratios that are common in geological settings may be used to gauge the addition of anthropogenic Os through things like catalytic converters. While catalytic converters have been shown to drastically reduce the emission of NOx and CO, they are introducing platinum group elements (PGE) such as Os, to the environment. Other sources of anthropogenic Os include combustion of fossil fuels, smelting chromium ore, and smelting of some sulfide ores. In one study, the effect of automobile exhaust on the marine Os system was evaluated. Automobile exhaust 187Os/188Os has been recorded to be ~0.2 (similar to extraterrestrial and mantle derived inputs) which is heavily depleted (3, 7). The effect of anthropogenic Os can be seen best by comparing aquatic Os ratios and local sediments or deeper waters. Impacted surface waters tend to have depleted values compared to deep ocean and sediments beyond the limit of what is expected from cosmic inputs. This increase in effect is thought to be due to the introduction of anthropogenic airborne Os into precipitation.

The long half-life of 184Os with respect to alpha decay to 180W has been proposed as a radiometric dating method for osmium-rich rocks or for differentiation of a planetary core.

List of isotopes

 * 160Os
 * style="text-align:right" | 76
 * style="text-align:right" | 84
 * α
 * 156W
 * 0+
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 160mOs
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1844(18) keV
 * α
 * 156W
 * 8+
 * 161Os
 * style="text-align:right" | 76
 * style="text-align:right" | 85
 * 160.98905(43)#
 * 0.64(6) ms
 * α
 * 157W
 * (7/2–)
 * 162Os
 * style="text-align:right" | 76
 * style="text-align:right" | 86
 * 161.98443(32)#
 * 2.1(1) ms
 * α
 * 158W
 * 0+
 * rowspan=2|163Os
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 76
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 87
 * rowspan=2|162.98246(32)#
 * rowspan=2|5.7(5) ms
 * α
 * 159W
 * rowspan=2|7/2–
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β+ ?
 * 163Re
 * rowspan=2|164Os
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 76
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 88
 * rowspan=2|163.97807(16)
 * rowspan=2|21(1) ms
 * α (96%)
 * 160W
 * rowspan=2|0+
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β+ (4%)
 * 164Re
 * rowspan=2|165Os
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 76
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 89
 * rowspan=2|164.97665(22)#
 * rowspan=2|71(3) ms
 * α (90%)
 * 161W
 * rowspan=2|(7/2–)
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β+ (10%)
 * 165Re
 * rowspan=2|166Os
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 76
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 90
 * rowspan=2|165.972698(19)
 * rowspan=2|213(5) ms
 * α (83%)
 * 162W
 * rowspan=2|0+
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β+ (17%)
 * 166Re
 * rowspan=2|167Os
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 76
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 91
 * rowspan=2|166.971552(87)
 * rowspan=2|839(5) ms
 * α (51%)
 * 163W
 * rowspan=2|7/2–
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β+ (49%)
 * 167Re
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 167mOs
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 434.3(11) keV
 * 0.672(7) μs
 * IT
 * 167Os
 * 13/2+
 * rowspan=2|168Os
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 76
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 92
 * rowspan=2|167.967799(11)
 * rowspan=2|2.1(1) s
 * β+ (57%)
 * 168Re
 * rowspan=2|0+
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * α (43%)
 * 164W
 * rowspan=2|169Os
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 76
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 93
 * rowspan=2|168.967018(28)
 * rowspan=2|3.46(11) s
 * β+ (86.3%)
 * 169Re
 * rowspan=2|(5/2–)
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * α (13.7%)
 * 165W
 * rowspan=2|170Os
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 76
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 94
 * rowspan=2|169.963579(10)
 * rowspan=2|7.37(18) s
 * β+ (90.5%)
 * 170Re
 * rowspan=2|0+
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * α (9.5%)
 * 166W
 * rowspan=2|171Os
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 76
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 95
 * rowspan=2|170.963180(20)
 * rowspan=2|8.3(2) s
 * β+ (98.20%)
 * 171Re
 * rowspan=2|(5/2−)
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * α (1.80%)
 * 167W
 * rowspan=2|172Os
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 76
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 96
 * rowspan=2|171.960017(14)
 * rowspan=2|19.2(9) s
 * β+ (98.81%)
 * 172Re
 * rowspan=2|0+
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * α (1.19%)
 * 168W
 * rowspan=2|173Os
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 76
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 97
 * rowspan=2|172.959808(16)
 * rowspan=2|22.4(9) s
 * β+ (99.6%)
 * 173Re
 * rowspan=2|5/2–
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * α (0.4%)
 * 169W
 * rowspan=2|174Os
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 76
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 98
 * rowspan=2|173.957063(11)
 * rowspan=2|44(4) s
 * β+ (99.98%)
 * 174Re
 * rowspan=2|0+
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * α (.024%)
 * 170W
 * 175Os
 * style="text-align:right" | 76
 * style="text-align:right" | 99
 * 174.956945(13)
 * 1.4(1) min
 * β+
 * 175Re
 * (5/2−)
 * 176Os
 * style="text-align:right" | 76
 * style="text-align:right" | 100
 * 175.954770(12)
 * 3.6(5) min
 * β+
 * 176Re
 * 0+
 * 177Os
 * style="text-align:right" | 76
 * style="text-align:right" | 101
 * 176.954958(16)
 * 3.0(2) min
 * β+
 * 177Re
 * 1/2−
 * 178Os
 * style="text-align:right" | 76
 * style="text-align:right" | 102
 * 177.953253(15)
 * 5.0(4) min
 * β+
 * 178Re
 * 0+
 * 179Os
 * style="text-align:right" | 76
 * style="text-align:right" | 103
 * 178.953816(17)
 * 6.5(3) min
 * β+
 * 179Re
 * 1/2–
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 179m1Os
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 145.41(12) keV
 * ~500 ns
 * IT
 * 179Os
 * (7/2)–
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 179m2Os
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 243.0(8) keV
 * 783(14) ns
 * IT
 * 179Os
 * (9/2)+
 * 180Os
 * style="text-align:right" | 76
 * style="text-align:right" | 104
 * 179.952382(17)
 * 21.5(4) min
 * β+
 * 180Re
 * 0+
 * 181Os
 * style="text-align:right" | 76
 * style="text-align:right" | 105
 * 180.953247(27)
 * 105(3) min
 * β+
 * 181Re
 * 1/2−
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 181m1Os
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 49.20(14) keV
 * 2.7(1) min
 * β+
 * 181Re
 * 7/2−
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 181m2Os
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 156.91(15) keV
 * 262(6) ns
 * IT
 * 181Os
 * 9/2+
 * 182Os
 * style="text-align:right" | 76
 * style="text-align:right" | 106
 * 181.952110(23)
 * 21.84(20) h
 * EC
 * 182Re
 * 0+
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 182m1Os
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1831.4(3) keV
 * 780(70) μs
 * IT
 * 182Os
 * 8–
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 182m2Os
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 7049.5(4) keV
 * 150(10) ns
 * IT
 * 182Os
 * 25+
 * 183Os
 * style="text-align:right" | 76
 * style="text-align:right" | 107
 * 182.953125(53)
 * 13.0(5) h
 * β+
 * 183Re
 * 9/2+
 * rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 183mOs
 * rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 170.73(7) keV
 * rowspan=2|9.9(3) h
 * β+ (85%)
 * 183Re
 * rowspan=2|1/2−
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * IT (15%)
 * 183Os
 * 184Os
 * style="text-align:right" | 76
 * style="text-align:right" | 108
 * 183.95249292(89)
 * 1.12(23)×1013 y
 * α
 * 180W
 * 0+
 * 2(2)×10−4
 * 185Os
 * style="text-align:right" | 76
 * style="text-align:right" | 109
 * 184.95404597(89)
 * 92.95(9) d
 * EC
 * 185Re
 * 1/2−
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 185m1Os
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 102.37(11) keV
 * 3.0(4) μs
 * IT
 * 185Os
 * 7/2−
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 185m2Os
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 275.53(12) keV
 * 0.78(5) μs
 * IT
 * 185Os
 * 11/2+
 * 186Os
 * style="text-align:right" | 76
 * style="text-align:right" | 110
 * 185.95383757(82)
 * 2.0(11)×1015 y
 * α
 * 182W
 * 0+
 * 0.0159(64)
 * 187Os
 * style="text-align:right" | 76
 * style="text-align:right" | 111
 * 186.95574957(79)
 * colspan=3 align=center|Observationally Stable
 * 1/2−
 * 0.0196(17)
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 187m1Os
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 100.45(4) keV
 * 112(6) ns
 * IT
 * 187Os
 * 7/2−
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 187m2Os
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 257.10(7) keV
 * 231(2) μs
 * IT
 * 187Os
 * 11/2+
 * 188Os
 * style="text-align:right" | 76
 * style="text-align:right" | 112
 * 187.95583729(79)
 * colspan=3 align=center|Observationally Stable
 * 0+
 * 0.1324(27)
 * 189Os
 * style="text-align:right" | 76
 * style="text-align:right" | 113
 * 188.95814595(72)
 * colspan=3 align=center|Observationally Stable
 * 3/2−
 * 0.1615(23)
 * rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 189mOs
 * rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 30.82(2) keV
 * rowspan=2|5.81(10) h
 * IT
 * 189Os
 * rowspan=2|9/2−
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β−
 * 189Ir
 * 190Os
 * style="text-align:right" | 76
 * style="text-align:right" | 114
 * 189.95844544(70)
 * colspan=3 align=center|Observationally Stable
 * 0+
 * 0.2626(20)
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 190mOs
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1705.7(1) keV
 * 9.86(3) min
 * IT
 * 190Os
 * 10−
 * 191Os
 * style="text-align:right" | 76
 * style="text-align:right" | 115
 * 190.96092811(71)
 * 14.99(2) d
 * β−
 * 191Ir
 * 9/2−
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 191mOs
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 74.382(3) keV
 * 13.10(5) h
 * IT
 * 191Os
 * 3/2−
 * 192Os
 * style="text-align:right" | 76
 * style="text-align:right" | 116
 * 191.9614788(25)
 * colspan=3 align=center|Observationally Stable
 * 0+
 * 0.4078(32)
 * rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 192m1Os
 * rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2015.40(11) keV
 * rowspan=2|5.94(9) s
 * IT
 * 192Os
 * rowspan=2|10−
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β−?
 * 192Ir
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 192m2Os
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 4580.3(10) keV
 * 205(7) ns
 * IT
 * 192Os
 * (20+)
 * 193Os
 * style="text-align:right" | 76
 * style="text-align:right" | 117
 * 192.9641496(25)
 * 29.830(18) h
 * β−
 * 193Ir
 * 3/2−
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 193mOs
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 315.6(3) keV
 * 121(28) ns
 * IT
 * 192Os
 * (9/2−)
 * 194Os
 * style="text-align:right" | 76
 * style="text-align:right" | 118
 * 193.9651794(26)
 * 6.0(2) y
 * β−
 * 194Ir
 * 0+
 * 195Os
 * style="text-align:right" | 76
 * style="text-align:right" | 119
 * 194.968318(60)
 * 6.5(11) min
 * β−
 * 195Ir
 * (3/2−)
 * rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 195mOs
 * rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 427.8(3) keV
 * rowspan=2|47(3) s
 * IT
 * 195Os
 * rowspan=2|(13/2+)
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β−?
 * 195Ir
 * 196Os
 * style="text-align:right" | 76
 * style="text-align:right" | 120
 * 195.969643(43)
 * 34.9(2) min
 * β−
 * 196Ir
 * 0+
 * 197Os
 * style="text-align:right" | 76
 * style="text-align:right" | 121
 * 196.97308(22)#
 * 93(7) s
 * β−
 * 197Ir
 * 5/2−#
 * 198Os
 * style="text-align:right" | 76
 * style="text-align:right" | 122
 * 197.97466(22)#
 * 125(28) s
 * β−
 * 198Ir
 * 0+
 * 199Os
 * style="text-align:right" | 76
 * style="text-align:right" | 123
 * 198.97824(22)#
 * 6(3) s
 * β−
 * 199Ir
 * 5/2−#
 * 200Os
 * style="text-align:right" | 76
 * style="text-align:right" | 124
 * 199.98009(32)#
 * 7(4) s
 * β−
 * 200Ir
 * 0+
 * 201Os
 * style="text-align:right" | 76
 * style="text-align:right" | 125
 * 200.98407(32)#
 * 3# s [>300ns]
 * β−?
 * 201Ir
 * 1/2−#
 * 202Os
 * style="text-align:right" | 76
 * style="text-align:right" | 126
 * 201.98655(43)#
 * 2# s [>300ns]
 * β−?
 * 202Ir
 * 0+
 * rowspan=2|203Os
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 76
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 127
 * rowspan=2|202.99220(43)#
 * rowspan=2|300# ms [>300ns]
 * β−?
 * 203Ir
 * rowspan=2|9/2+#
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β− n?
 * 202Ir
 * 191.9614788(25)
 * colspan=3 align=center|Observationally Stable
 * 0+
 * 0.4078(32)
 * rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 192m1Os
 * rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2015.40(11) keV
 * rowspan=2|5.94(9) s
 * IT
 * 192Os
 * rowspan=2|10−
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β−?
 * 192Ir
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 192m2Os
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 4580.3(10) keV
 * 205(7) ns
 * IT
 * 192Os
 * (20+)
 * 193Os
 * style="text-align:right" | 76
 * style="text-align:right" | 117
 * 192.9641496(25)
 * 29.830(18) h
 * β−
 * 193Ir
 * 3/2−
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 193mOs
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 315.6(3) keV
 * 121(28) ns
 * IT
 * 192Os
 * (9/2−)
 * 194Os
 * style="text-align:right" | 76
 * style="text-align:right" | 118
 * 193.9651794(26)
 * 6.0(2) y
 * β−
 * 194Ir
 * 0+
 * 195Os
 * style="text-align:right" | 76
 * style="text-align:right" | 119
 * 194.968318(60)
 * 6.5(11) min
 * β−
 * 195Ir
 * (3/2−)
 * rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 195mOs
 * rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 427.8(3) keV
 * rowspan=2|47(3) s
 * IT
 * 195Os
 * rowspan=2|(13/2+)
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β−?
 * 195Ir
 * 196Os
 * style="text-align:right" | 76
 * style="text-align:right" | 120
 * 195.969643(43)
 * 34.9(2) min
 * β−
 * 196Ir
 * 0+
 * 197Os
 * style="text-align:right" | 76
 * style="text-align:right" | 121
 * 196.97308(22)#
 * 93(7) s
 * β−
 * 197Ir
 * 5/2−#
 * 198Os
 * style="text-align:right" | 76
 * style="text-align:right" | 122
 * 197.97466(22)#
 * 125(28) s
 * β−
 * 198Ir
 * 0+
 * 199Os
 * style="text-align:right" | 76
 * style="text-align:right" | 123
 * 198.97824(22)#
 * 6(3) s
 * β−
 * 199Ir
 * 5/2−#
 * 200Os
 * style="text-align:right" | 76
 * style="text-align:right" | 124
 * 199.98009(32)#
 * 7(4) s
 * β−
 * 200Ir
 * 0+
 * 201Os
 * style="text-align:right" | 76
 * style="text-align:right" | 125
 * 200.98407(32)#
 * 3# s [>300ns]
 * β−?
 * 201Ir
 * 1/2−#
 * 202Os
 * style="text-align:right" | 76
 * style="text-align:right" | 126
 * 201.98655(43)#
 * 2# s [>300ns]
 * β−?
 * 202Ir
 * 0+
 * rowspan=2|203Os
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 76
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 127
 * rowspan=2|202.99220(43)#
 * rowspan=2|300# ms [>300ns]
 * β−?
 * 203Ir
 * rowspan=2|9/2+#
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β− n?
 * 202Ir
 * 199.98009(32)#
 * 7(4) s
 * β−
 * 200Ir
 * 0+
 * 201Os
 * style="text-align:right" | 76
 * style="text-align:right" | 125
 * 200.98407(32)#
 * 3# s [>300ns]
 * β−?
 * 201Ir
 * 1/2−#
 * 202Os
 * style="text-align:right" | 76
 * style="text-align:right" | 126
 * 201.98655(43)#
 * 2# s [>300ns]
 * β−?
 * 202Ir
 * 0+
 * rowspan=2|203Os
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 76
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 127
 * rowspan=2|202.99220(43)#
 * rowspan=2|300# ms [>300ns]
 * β−?
 * 203Ir
 * rowspan=2|9/2+#
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β− n?
 * 202Ir
 * rowspan=2|202.99220(43)#
 * rowspan=2|300# ms [>300ns]
 * β−?
 * 203Ir
 * rowspan=2|9/2+#
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β− n?
 * 202Ir
 * 202Ir

title: Isotopes of osmium


text:
Isotopes of rhenium

Naturally occurring rhenium (75Re) is 37.4% 185Re, which is stable (although it is predicted to decay), and 62.6% 187Re, which is unstable but has a very long half-life (4.12×1010 years). Among elements with a known stable isotope, only indium and tellurium similarly occur with a stable isotope in lower abundance than the long-lived radioactive isotope.

There are 36 other unstable isotopes recognized, the longest-lived of which are 183Re with a half-life of 70 days, 184Re with a half-life of 38 days, 186Re with a half-life of 3.7186 days, 182Re with a half-life of 64.0 hours, and 189Re with a half-life of 24.3 hours. There are also numerous isomers, the longest-lived of which are 186mRe with a half-life of 200,000 years and 184mRe with a half-life of 177.25 days. All others have half-lives less than a day.

List of isotopes

 * rowspan=2|159Re
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 75
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 84
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|21(4) μs
 * p (92.5%)
 * 158W
 * rowspan=2|(11/2−)
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * α (7.5%)
 * 155Ta
 * rowspan=2|160Re
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 75
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 85
 * rowspan=2|159.98212(43)#
 * rowspan=2|611(7) μs
 * p (89%)
 * 159W
 * rowspan=2|(2−)
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * α (11%)
 * 156Ta
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 160mRe
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 185(21)# keV
 * 2.8(1) μs
 * IT
 * 160Re
 * (9+)
 * 161Re
 * style="text-align:right" | 75
 * style="text-align:right" | 86
 * 160.97759(22)
 * 0.37(4) ms
 * p
 * 160W
 * 1/2+
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 161mRe
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 123.8(13) keV
 * 15.6(9) ms
 * α
 * 157Ta
 * 11/2−
 * rowspan=2|162Re
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 75
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 87
 * rowspan=2|161.97600(22)#
 * rowspan=2|107(13) ms
 * α (94%)
 * 158Ta
 * rowspan=2|(2−)
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β+ (6%)
 * 162W
 * rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 162mRe
 * rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 173(10) keV
 * rowspan=2|77(9) ms
 * α (91%)
 * 158Ta
 * rowspan=2|(9+)
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β+ (9%)
 * 162W
 * rowspan=2|163Re
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 75
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 88
 * rowspan=2|162.972081(21)
 * rowspan=2|390(70) ms
 * β+ (68%)
 * 163W
 * rowspan=2|(1/2+)
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * α (32%)
 * 159Ta
 * rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 163mRe
 * rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 115(4) keV
 * rowspan=2|214(5) ms
 * α (66%)
 * 159Ta
 * rowspan=2|(11/2−)
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β+ (34%)
 * 163W
 * rowspan=2|164Re
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 75
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 89
 * rowspan=2|163.97032(17)#
 * rowspan=2|0.53(23) s
 * α (58%)
 * 160Ta
 * rowspan=2|high
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β+ (42%)
 * 164W
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 164mRe
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 120(120)# keV
 * 530(230) ms
 * (2#)−
 * rowspan=2|165Re
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 75
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 90
 * rowspan=2|164.967089(30)
 * rowspan=2|1# s
 * β+
 * 165W
 * rowspan=2|1/2+#
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * α
 * 161Ta
 * rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 165mRe
 * rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 47(26) keV
 * rowspan=2|2.1(3) s
 * β+ (87%)
 * 165W
 * rowspan=2|11/2−#
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * α (13%)
 * 161Ta
 * rowspan=2|166Re
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 75
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 91
 * rowspan=2|165.96581(9)#
 * rowspan=2|2# s
 * β+
 * 166W
 * rowspan=2|2−#
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * α
 * 162Ta
 * rowspan=2|167Re
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 75
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 92
 * rowspan=2|166.96260(6)#
 * rowspan=2|3.4(4) s
 * α
 * 163Ta
 * rowspan=2|9/2−#
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β+
 * 167W
 * rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 167mRe
 * rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 130(40)# keV
 * rowspan=2|5.9(3) s
 * β+ (99.3%)
 * 167W
 * rowspan=2|1/2+#
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * α (.7%)
 * 163Ta
 * rowspan=2|168Re
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 75
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 93
 * rowspan=2|167.96157(3)
 * rowspan=2|4.4(1) s
 * β+ (99.99%)
 * 168W
 * rowspan=2|(5+, 6+, 7+)
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * α (.005%)
 * 164Ta
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 168mRe
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | non-exist
 * 6.6(15) s
 * rowspan=2|169Re
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 75
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 94
 * rowspan=2|168.95879(3)
 * rowspan=2|8.1(5) s
 * β+ (99.99%)
 * 169W
 * rowspan=2|9/2−#
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * α (.005%)
 * 165Ta
 * rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 169mRe
 * rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 145(29) keV
 * rowspan=2|15.1(15) s
 * β+ (99.8%)
 * 169W
 * rowspan=2|1/2+#
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * α (.2%)
 * 164Ta
 * rowspan=2|170Re
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 75
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 95
 * rowspan=2|169.958220(28)
 * rowspan=2|9.2(2) s
 * β+ (99.99%)
 * 170W
 * rowspan=2|(5+)
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * α (.01%)
 * 166Ta
 * 171Re
 * style="text-align:right" | 75
 * style="text-align:right" | 96
 * 170.95572(3)
 * 15.2(4) s
 * β+
 * 171W
 * (9/2−)
 * 172Re
 * style="text-align:right" | 75
 * style="text-align:right" | 97
 * 171.95542(6)
 * 15(3) s
 * β+
 * 172W
 * (5)
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 172mRe
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 0(100)# keV
 * 55(5) s
 * β+
 * 172W
 * (2)
 * 173Re
 * style="text-align:right" | 75
 * style="text-align:right" | 98
 * 172.95324(3)
 * 1.98(26) min
 * β+
 * 173W
 * (5/2−)
 * 174Re
 * style="text-align:right" | 75
 * style="text-align:right" | 99
 * 173.95312(3)
 * 2.40(4) min
 * β+
 * 174W
 * 175Re
 * style="text-align:right" | 75
 * style="text-align:right" | 100
 * 174.95138(3)
 * 5.89(5) min
 * β+
 * 175W
 * (5/2−)
 * 176Re
 * style="text-align:right" | 75
 * style="text-align:right" | 101
 * 175.95162(3)
 * 5.3(3) min
 * β+
 * 176W
 * 3+
 * 177Re
 * style="text-align:right" | 75
 * style="text-align:right" | 102
 * 176.95033(3)
 * 14(1) min
 * β+
 * 177W
 * 5/2−
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 177mRe
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 84.71(10) keV
 * 50(10) μs
 * 5/2+
 * 178Re
 * style="text-align:right" | 75
 * style="text-align:right" | 103
 * 177.95099(3)
 * 13.2(2) min
 * β+
 * 178W
 * (3+)
 * 179Re
 * style="text-align:right" | 75
 * style="text-align:right" | 104
 * 178.949988(26)
 * 19.5(1) min
 * β+
 * 179W
 * (5/2)+
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 179m1Re
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 65.39(9) keV
 * 95(25) μs
 * (5/2−)
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 179m2Re
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1684.59(14)+Y keV
 * >0.4 μs
 * (23/2+)
 * 180Re
 * style="text-align:right" | 75
 * style="text-align:right" | 105
 * 179.950789(23)
 * 2.44(6) min
 * β+
 * 180W
 * (1)−
 * 181Re
 * style="text-align:right" | 75
 * style="text-align:right" | 106
 * 180.950068(14)
 * 19.9(7) h
 * β+
 * 181W
 * 5/2+
 * 182Re
 * style="text-align:right" | 75
 * style="text-align:right" | 107
 * 181.95121(11)
 * 64.0(5) h
 * β+
 * 182W
 * 7+
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 182m1Re
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 60(100) keV
 * 12.7(2) h
 * β+
 * 182W
 * 2+
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 182m2Re
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 235.736(10)+X keV
 * 585(21) ns
 * 2−
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 182m3Re
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 461.3(1)+X keV
 * 0.78(9) μs
 * (4−)
 * 183Re
 * style="text-align:right" | 75
 * style="text-align:right" | 108
 * 182.950820(9)
 * 70.0(14) d
 * EC
 * 183W
 * 5/2+
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 183mRe
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1907.6(3) keV
 * 1.04(4) ms
 * IT
 * 183Re
 * (25/2+)
 * 184Re
 * style="text-align:right" | 75
 * style="text-align:right" | 109
 * 183.952521(5)
 * 35.4(7) d
 * β+
 * 184W
 * 3(−)
 * rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 184mRe
 * rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 188.01(4) keV
 * rowspan=2|177.25(7) d
 * IT (75.4%)
 * 184Re
 * rowspan=2|8(+)
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β+ (24.6%)
 * 184W
 * 185Re
 * style="text-align:right" | 75
 * style="text-align:right" | 110
 * 184.9529550(13)
 * colspan=3 align=center|Observationally Stable
 * 5/2+
 * 0.3740(2)
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 185mRe
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2124(2) keV
 * 123(23) ns
 * (21/2)
 * rowspan=2|186Re
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 75
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 111
 * rowspan=2|185.9549861(13)
 * rowspan=2|3.7186(5) d
 * β− (93.1%)
 * 186Os
 * rowspan=2|1−
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * EC (6.9%)
 * 186W
 * rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 186mRe
 * rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 149(7) keV
 * rowspan=2|2.0(5)×105 y
 * IT (90%)
 * 186Re
 * rowspan=2|(8+)
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β− (10%)
 * 186Os
 * 187Re
 * style="text-align:right" | 75
 * style="text-align:right" | 112
 * 186.9557531(15)
 * 4.12(2)×1010 y
 * β−
 * 187Os
 * 5/2+
 * 0.6260(2)
 * 188Re
 * style="text-align:right" | 75
 * style="text-align:right" | 113
 * 187.9581144(15)
 * 17.0040(22) h
 * β−
 * 188Os
 * 1−
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 188mRe
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 172.069(9) keV
 * 18.59(4) min
 * IT
 * 188Re
 * (6)−
 * 189Re
 * style="text-align:right" | 75
 * style="text-align:right" | 114
 * 188.959229(9)
 * 24.3(4) h
 * β−
 * 189Os
 * 5/2+
 * 190Re
 * style="text-align:right" | 75
 * style="text-align:right" | 115
 * 189.96182(16)
 * 3.1(3) min
 * β−
 * 190Os
 * (2)−
 * rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 190mRe
 * rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 210(50) keV
 * rowspan=2|3.2(2) h
 * β− (54.4%)
 * 190Os
 * rowspan=2|(6−)
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * IT (45.6%)
 * 190Re
 * 191Re
 * style="text-align:right" | 75
 * style="text-align:right" | 116
 * 190.963125(11)
 * 9.8(5) min
 * β−
 * 191Os
 * (3/2+, 1/2+)
 * 192Re
 * style="text-align:right" | 75
 * style="text-align:right" | 117
 * 191.96596(21)#
 * 16(1) s
 * β−
 * 192Os
 * 193Re
 * style="text-align:right" | 75
 * style="text-align:right" | 118
 * 192.96747(21)#
 * 30# s [>300 ns]
 * 5/2+#
 * 194Re
 * style="text-align:right" | 75
 * style="text-align:right" | 119
 * 193.97042(32)#
 * 2# s [>300 ns]
 * 184Re
 * style="text-align:right" | 75
 * style="text-align:right" | 109
 * 183.952521(5)
 * 35.4(7) d
 * β+
 * 184W
 * 3(−)
 * rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 184mRe
 * rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 188.01(4) keV
 * rowspan=2|177.25(7) d
 * IT (75.4%)
 * 184Re
 * rowspan=2|8(+)
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β+ (24.6%)
 * 184W
 * 185Re
 * style="text-align:right" | 75
 * style="text-align:right" | 110
 * 184.9529550(13)
 * colspan=3 align=center|Observationally Stable
 * 5/2+
 * 0.3740(2)
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 185mRe
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2124(2) keV
 * 123(23) ns
 * (21/2)
 * rowspan=2|186Re
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 75
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 111
 * rowspan=2|185.9549861(13)
 * rowspan=2|3.7186(5) d
 * β− (93.1%)
 * 186Os
 * rowspan=2|1−
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * EC (6.9%)
 * 186W
 * rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 186mRe
 * rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 149(7) keV
 * rowspan=2|2.0(5)×105 y
 * IT (90%)
 * 186Re
 * rowspan=2|(8+)
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β− (10%)
 * 186Os
 * 187Re
 * style="text-align:right" | 75
 * style="text-align:right" | 112
 * 186.9557531(15)
 * 4.12(2)×1010 y
 * β−
 * 187Os
 * 5/2+
 * 0.6260(2)
 * 188Re
 * style="text-align:right" | 75
 * style="text-align:right" | 113
 * 187.9581144(15)
 * 17.0040(22) h
 * β−
 * 188Os
 * 1−
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 188mRe
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 172.069(9) keV
 * 18.59(4) min
 * IT
 * 188Re
 * (6)−
 * 189Re
 * style="text-align:right" | 75
 * style="text-align:right" | 114
 * 188.959229(9)
 * 24.3(4) h
 * β−
 * 189Os
 * 5/2+
 * 190Re
 * style="text-align:right" | 75
 * style="text-align:right" | 115
 * 189.96182(16)
 * 3.1(3) min
 * β−
 * 190Os
 * (2)−
 * rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 190mRe
 * rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 210(50) keV
 * rowspan=2|3.2(2) h
 * β− (54.4%)
 * 190Os
 * rowspan=2|(6−)
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * IT (45.6%)
 * 190Re
 * 191Re
 * style="text-align:right" | 75
 * style="text-align:right" | 116
 * 190.963125(11)
 * 9.8(5) min
 * β−
 * 191Os
 * (3/2+, 1/2+)
 * 192Re
 * style="text-align:right" | 75
 * style="text-align:right" | 117
 * 191.96596(21)#
 * 16(1) s
 * β−
 * 192Os
 * 193Re
 * style="text-align:right" | 75
 * style="text-align:right" | 118
 * 192.96747(21)#
 * 30# s [>300 ns]
 * 5/2+#
 * 194Re
 * style="text-align:right" | 75
 * style="text-align:right" | 119
 * 193.97042(32)#
 * 2# s [>300 ns]
 * rowspan=2|(6−)
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * IT (45.6%)
 * 190Re
 * 191Re
 * style="text-align:right" | 75
 * style="text-align:right" | 116
 * 190.963125(11)
 * 9.8(5) min
 * β−
 * 191Os
 * (3/2+, 1/2+)
 * 192Re
 * style="text-align:right" | 75
 * style="text-align:right" | 117
 * 191.96596(21)#
 * 16(1) s
 * β−
 * 192Os
 * 193Re
 * style="text-align:right" | 75
 * style="text-align:right" | 118
 * 192.96747(21)#
 * 30# s [>300 ns]
 * 5/2+#
 * 194Re
 * style="text-align:right" | 75
 * style="text-align:right" | 119
 * 193.97042(32)#
 * 2# s [>300 ns]
 * style="text-align:right" | 118
 * 192.96747(21)#
 * 30# s [>300 ns]
 * 5/2+#
 * 194Re
 * style="text-align:right" | 75
 * style="text-align:right" | 119
 * 193.97042(32)#
 * 2# s [>300 ns]
 * 194Re
 * style="text-align:right" | 75
 * style="text-align:right" | 119
 * 193.97042(32)#
 * 2# s [>300 ns]

Rhenium-186
Radiopharmaceutical.

title: Isotopes of rhenium


text:
National Party (UK, 1917)

The National Party was a short-lived British political party created in August 1917 as a right-wing split from the Conservative Party.

Formation
The party was formed at the height of the First World War, by the Liberal Unionist peer Lord Ampthill, Sir Richard Cooper and Sir Henry Page Croft. Its members took a particularly xenophobic line on the war and were also strongly opposed to the sale of honours. This was reflected in their aims, as outlined in the party's manifesto:
 * The abandonment of sectarian, class or sectional interests in favour of a "national" policy.
 * "Complete victory in the war and after the war"
 * The provision of adequate men and munitions to win the war.
 * "The eradication of German influence"
 * What they termed "honest politics"
 * Unity between employer and employed
 * Maximum production from the farms and factories of the United Kingdom, with "fair wages" for the workers and "fair profits" for the employers
 * Maintenance of the unity of the British Empire
 * A social policy that would ensure "a contented, patriotic race".
 * A process to allow for the demobilisation of soldiers and sailors and their reintegration into civilian life.

Membership
Several Conservative MPs joined the party, including Col Richard Hamilton Rawson, Alan Burgoyne, Douglas George Carnegie, Cooper, Croft, Viscount Duncannon and Rowland Hunt. At its peak in 1917, the party had seven MPs and eleven peers.

The newly formed party sought to widen its membership to include "men and women from all parties, not only in England, Scotland, Ireland and Wales, but throughout the British Empire". Liberal Unionist Party MP Edward Fitzroy and former Liberal MPs Edmund Broughton Barnard and Thomas Kincaid-Smith also joined, as did John Jenkins, the former premier of South Australia.

The party was supported by the trade unionist Joseph Havelock Wilson of the National Democratic and Labour Party, though he was never formally a member, as well as the economists William Cunningham and Herbert Foxwell.

Activities
The National Party held public meetings and petitioned the Prime Minister Lloyd George. Its policies included raising the conscription age to fifty and introducing conscription to Ireland, the closing of German banks and businesses in the UK, the internment of enemy aliens, a guaranteed price for home-grown cereals, protectionism for British industry and counter air-raids against German towns.

The close links the National Party alleged to exist between heads of companies and government departments which gave them contracts were attacked. In June 1918 its headquarters in King Street, London, and a number of regional offices were raided by military officers and government officials when the party came into possession of leaked documents.

The National Party had policies to help the working class because "if you wish for a patriotic race, you must aim at a contented people, reared under healthy conditions...and with full scope for advancement". One of its slogans was "no restriction in wages in return for no restriction of output". Occasionally, it co-operated with the National Democratic and Labour Party. It published National Opinion from 1918 until 1923.

Whilst it encouraged working-class support, the party had a core of wealthy and upper-class members. The initial signatories of the declaration were heavily drawn from the aristocracy, senior businessmen, and the professional officer class, with very little working-class representation.

Relationship with the Tariff Reform League
At the 1917 annual general meeting of the Tariff Reform League, a protectionist organisation linked with a faction of the Conservative Party, an attempt was made to merge the league with the National Party. This led to angry scenes, and the motion was eventually withdrawn. The chairman of the League, Lord Duncannon, resigned and announced he was joining the new party.

Islington East by-election
The National Party's first electoral contest was in October 1917, when a by-election was called due to the death of the sitting member of parliament for Islington East. There was a political truce between the parties of the wartime coalition government, and the seat was expected to be filled without a contest. However, the party nominated Edmund Broughton Barnard, chairman of the Metropolitan Water Board to oppose the government candidate, Edward Smallwood. A third candidate, A Baker, was supported by the right-wing MP Noel Pemberton Billing and the Vigilante Society. The party did poorly, Barnard finishing in a distant third place with 513 votes (10.8%). The party held its inaugural meeting two days later and the president, Lord Beresford, declared himself "delighted" with the result which "would have the effect of putting more grit into those who were fighting" for the party.

Proposed co-operation with the Labour Party
The National Party leadership were implacably opposed to the two main parties in parliament: the "defunct" Conservatives and the "discredited" Liberals. Instead they sought to make an alliance with the Labour Party, which they saw as "the great party that was coming". They recognised that the five million working-class men under arms deserved improved conditions and status, and wished to "see what they could do to assist Labour". They also sought to make an alliance with the Merchant Seamen's League, supporting their aims of exacting punishment from the Germans for sinking ships in contravention of international law.

1918 general election
Most of the party's members rejoined the Conservatives before the 1918 general election. Its remaining 23 candidates ran against the Lloyd George Coalition, two of whom were elected: Croft and Cooper. The candidates were supported by the Earl of Bessborough, his son the Lord Duncannon, the Lord Leith of Fyvie and the Duke of Somerset.

The party received an aggregate total of around 94,000 votes, more than twice the number of votes taken by the fascist New Party in the 1930s.

List of candidates

 * Bethnal Green North East — Lieut. Wilfred Liddell Steel (29.3%)
 * Bournemouth — Sir Henry Page-Croft (held, 66.3%)
 * Bristol North — Ernest Petter (13.3%)
 * East Ham North — W. Mann (41.7%)
 * Frome — Thomas Kincaid-Smith (1.1%)
 * Gravesend — Harry Hinkley (6.5%)
 * Hammersmith North — James C. Walker (19.9%)
 * Hampstead — John Harris Wrentmore (9.9%)
 * Hertford — Edmund Broughton Barnard (38.8%)
 * Islington East — Charles Edward Copplestone (3.0%)
 * Kensington South — Brig-Gen Ernest Makins (33.2%)
 * Kettering — Algernon F. H. Ferguson (19.9%)
 * Leeds North — H. F. Wyatt (6.9%)
 * Limehouse — Charles Herbert Roswell (14.9%)
 * Manchester Ardwick — Lt. Col. H. M. Stephenson (19.7%)
 * Nottingham Central — Arthur Kitson (12.1%)
 * Paddington North — Capt. Gordon Aston (23.4%)
 * Putney — Hon. John Jenkins (36.4%)
 * Rochdale — John Fitzgerald Jones (6.6%)
 * Shoreditch — Thomas Warwick (3.0%)
 * Thornbury — Major-General Thomas Pilcher (38.0%)
 * Tynemouth — Dixon Scott (3.1%)
 * Walsall — Sir Richard Cooper (held, 52.3%)
 * Wells — Maj. G. C. S. Hodgson MC (4.6%)

A candidate was announced for Leeds North East, Captain W.P. Brigstock, but withdrew without formally being nominated. The sitting member for Ludlow, Rowland Hunt, had joined the National Party in 1917 but had rejoined the Conservatives by the time of the election, as had Edward FitzRoy in South Northamptonshire. Richard Hamilton Rawson, the National member in Reigate, died shortly before the election, in October, and the party did not stand a candidate in this seat.

The party did not stand a candidate in Manchester Rusholme, but put up a candidate for the subsequent 1919 Manchester Rusholme by-election. Roger Bowan Crewdson took only 4% of the vote. Its final contest was the 1920 Dartford by-election, where Reginald Applin stood as a joint candidate with the Independent Parliamentary Group, and took 10.9% of the vote.

The 25 results include 12 where the candidates forfeited their deposits by failing to win an eighth of the vote, costing £1500 in total in 1918 this equates to £0 in, when adjusted for inflation.

Disbandment
In April 1921 the National Party was disbanded but was revived under the new name of the National Constitutional Association, led by Oliver Russell, 2nd Baron Ampthill. It held conventions and co-operated with the 4th Marquess of Salisbury to help end the Lloyd George Coalition.

title: National Party (UK, 1917)


text:
The Europeans (band)

The Europeans were a British new wave group formed in 1981 and disbanded in 1985. They released three albums, none of which achieved much in terms of chart position. In 1989, their former keyboard player and co-lead vocalist Steve Hogarth joined Marillion as lead vocalist. The Europeans should not be confused with the similarly named Europeans, a Bristol band that were active 1977-1979.

Line-up

 * Colin Woore - guitars
 * Ferg Harper - bass, lead vocals
 * Geoff Dugmore - drums
 * Steve Hogarth - keyboards, programming, lead vocals

History
In 1980, a Scottish band called Motion Pictures (consisting of Harper, Woore, Dugmore) moved to London and advertised for a keyboard player. Steve Hogarth, who had recently moved to London from Doncaster, was chosen. The band rehearsed in Shepperton, changing their name to The Europeans in early 1981.

Their first appearance on record was as the backing band on John Otway's All Balls and No Willy in 1982. They signed to A&M Records in 1982. Three singles were released before the first album Vocabulary: "The Animal Song", "A.E.I.O.U." and "Recognition". All lead vocals were handled by Harper, except "Kingdom Come" which was sung by Hogarth. Kiki Dee and Toni Childs were among the backing vocalists. Another single, "American People" was released, and the band toured extensively.

The second album, Live was released in February 1984. The LP reached No. 100 in the UK Albums Chart. Later in 1984, the Hogarth-penned "Listen" was released as a single.

A free promo single, "Acid Rain", was released to promote their second studio album (the third overall), Recurring Dreams, which became available in October 1984. Hogarth sang lead vocals on five of the eight tracks. When the Managing Director of A&M left the company a day after the release of the album, promotion took a nosedive. Hogarth and Woore left, forming How We Live in 1985 and signing to CBS.

In August 2005, Recurring Dreams was re-released on CD by Marillion's label Racket Records. The re-issue features liner notes not included in the original 1984 vinyl release.

Studio albums

 * Vocabulary (1983)
 * Recurring Dreams (1984)

Live albums

 * Live (1984) - UK No. 100

Singles

 * "The Animal Song" (1982) - AUS #96
 * "AEIOU" (1983)
 * "Recognition" (1983)
 * "American People" (1983)
 * "Typical" (live) (1984)
 * "Listen" (1984)

EPs

 * Recognition (1983)

Compilation appearances

 * The Snoopies Album (1981) - various artists compilation

title: The Europeans (band)


text:
Isotopes of tungsten

Naturally occurring tungsten (74W) consists of five isotopes. Four are considered stable (182W, 183W, 184W, and 186W) and one is slightly radioactive, 180W, with an extremely long half-life of 1.8 ± 0.2 exayears (1018 years). On average, two alpha decays of 180W occur per gram of natural tungsten per year, so for most practical purposes, 180W can be considered stable. Theoretically, all five can decay into isotopes of element 72 (hafnium) by alpha emission, but only 180W has been observed to do so. The other naturally occurring isotopes have not been observed to decay (they are observationally stable), and lower bounds for their half-lives have been established:

 * 182W, t1/2 > 7.7×1021 years

 * 183W, t1/2 > 4.1×1021 years

 * 184W, t1/2 > 8.9×1021 years

 * 186W, t1/2 > 8.2×1021 years

Thirty-four artificial radioisotopes of tungsten have been characterized with mass numbers ranging from 156 to 194, the most stable of which are 181W with a half-life of 121.2 days, 185W with a half-life of 75.1 days, 188W with a half-life of 69.4 days and 178W with a half-life of 21.6 days. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives of less than 24 hours, and most of these have half-lives that are less than 8 minutes. Tungsten also has 11 meta states with mass numbers of 158, 179, with 3, 180, with 2, 183, 185, 186, with 2, and 190, the most stable being 179m1W (t1/2 6.4 minutes).

List of isotopes

 * 156W
 * style="text-align:right" | 74
 * style="text-align:right" | 82
 * β+
 * 156Ta
 * 0+
 * 157W
 * style="text-align:right" | 74
 * style="text-align:right" | 83
 * 275(40) ms
 * β+
 * 157Ta
 * (7/2−)
 * 158W
 * style="text-align:right" | 74
 * style="text-align:right" | 84
 * 157.97456(54)#
 * 1.37(17) ms
 * α
 * 154Hf
 * 0+
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 158mW
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1889(8) keV
 * 143(19) μs
 * α
 * 154Hf
 * 8+
 * rowspan=2|159W
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 74
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 85
 * rowspan=2|158.97292(43)#
 * rowspan=2|8.2(7) ms
 * α (82%)
 * 155Hf
 * rowspan=2|7/2−#
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β+ (18%)
 * 159Ta
 * rowspan=2|160W
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 74
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 86
 * rowspan=2|159.96848(22)
 * rowspan=2|90(5) ms
 * α (87%)
 * 156Hf
 * rowspan=2|0+
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β+ (14%)
 * 160Ta
 * rowspan=2|161W
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 74
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 87
 * rowspan=2|160.96736(21)#
 * rowspan=2|409(16) ms
 * α (73%)
 * 157Hf
 * rowspan=2|7/2−#
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β+ (23%)
 * 161Ta
 * rowspan=2|162W
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 74
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 88
 * rowspan=2|161.963497(19)
 * rowspan=2|1.36(7) s
 * β+ (53%)
 * 162Ta
 * rowspan=2|0+
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * α (47%)
 * 158Hf
 * rowspan=2|163W
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 74
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 89
 * rowspan=2|162.96252(6)
 * rowspan=2|2.8(2) s
 * β+ (59%)
 * 163Ta
 * rowspan=2|3/2−#
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * α (41%)
 * 159Hf
 * rowspan=2|164W
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 74
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 90
 * rowspan=2|163.958954(13)
 * rowspan=2|6.3(2) s
 * β+ (97.4%)
 * 164Ta
 * rowspan=2|0+
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * α (2.6%)
 * 160Hf
 * rowspan=2|165W
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 74
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 91
 * rowspan=2|164.958280(27)
 * rowspan=2|5.1(5) s
 * β+ (99.8%)
 * 165Ta
 * rowspan=2|3/2−#
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * α (.2%)
 * 161Hf
 * rowspan=2|166W
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 74
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 92
 * rowspan=2|165.955027(11)
 * rowspan=2|19.2(6) s
 * β+ (99.96%)
 * 166Ta
 * rowspan=2|0+
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * α (.035%)
 * 162Hf
 * rowspan=2|167W
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 74
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 93
 * rowspan=2|166.954816(21)
 * rowspan=2|19.9(5) s
 * β+ (>99.9%)
 * 167Ta
 * rowspan=2|3/2−#
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * α (<.1%)
 * 163Hf
 * rowspan=2|168W
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 74
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 94
 * rowspan=2|167.951808(17)
 * rowspan=2|51(2) s
 * β+ (99.99%)
 * 168Ta
 * rowspan=2|0+
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * α (.0319%)
 * 164Hf
 * 169W
 * style="text-align:right" | 74
 * style="text-align:right" | 95
 * 168.951779(17)
 * 76(6) s
 * β+
 * 169Ta
 * (5/2−)
 * rowspan=2|170W
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 74
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 96
 * rowspan=2|169.949228(16)
 * rowspan=2|2.42(4) min
 * β+(99%)
 * 170Ta
 * rowspan=2|0+
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * α (1%)
 * 166Hf
 * 171W
 * style="text-align:right" | 74
 * style="text-align:right" | 97
 * 170.94945(3)
 * 2.38(4) min
 * β+
 * 171Ta
 * (5/2−)
 * 172W
 * style="text-align:right" | 74
 * style="text-align:right" | 98
 * 171.94729(3)
 * 6.6(9) min
 * β+
 * 172Ta
 * 0+
 * 173W
 * style="text-align:right" | 74
 * style="text-align:right" | 99
 * 172.94769(3)
 * 7.6(2) min
 * β+
 * 173Ta
 * 5/2−
 * 174W
 * style="text-align:right" | 74
 * style="text-align:right" | 100
 * 173.94608(3)
 * 33.2(21) min
 * β+
 * 174Ta
 * 0+
 * 175W
 * style="text-align:right" | 74
 * style="text-align:right" | 101
 * 174.94672(3)
 * 35.2(6) min
 * β+
 * 175Ta
 * (1/2−)
 * 176W
 * style="text-align:right" | 74
 * style="text-align:right" | 102
 * 175.94563(3)
 * 2.5(1) h
 * EC
 * 176Ta
 * 0+
 * 177W
 * style="text-align:right" | 74
 * style="text-align:right" | 103
 * 176.94664(3)
 * 132(2) min
 * β+
 * 177Ta
 * 1/2−
 * 178W
 * style="text-align:right" | 74
 * style="text-align:right" | 104
 * 177.945876(16)
 * 21.6(3) d
 * EC
 * 178Ta
 * 0+
 * 179W
 * style="text-align:right" | 74
 * style="text-align:right" | 105
 * 178.947070(17)
 * 37.05(16) min
 * β+
 * 179Ta
 * (7/2)−
 * rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 179m1W
 * rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 221.926(8) keV
 * rowspan=2|6.40(7) min
 * IT (99.72%)
 * 179W
 * rowspan=2|(1/2)−
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β+ (.28%)
 * 179Ta
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 179m2W
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1631.90(8) keV
 * 390(30) ns
 * (21/2+)
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 179m3W
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 3348.45(16) keV
 * 750(80) ns
 * (35/2−)
 * 180W
 * style="text-align:right" | 74
 * style="text-align:right" | 106
 * 179.946704(4)
 * 1.8(0.2)×1018 y
 * α
 * 176Hf
 * 0+
 * 0.0012(1)
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 180m1W
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1529.04(3) keV
 * 5.47(9) ms
 * IT
 * 180W
 * 8−
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 180m2W
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 3264.56(21) keV
 * 2.33(19) μs
 * 14−
 * 181W
 * style="text-align:right" | 74
 * style="text-align:right" | 107
 * 180.948197(5)
 * 121.2(2) d
 * EC
 * 181Ta
 * 9/2+
 * 182W
 * style="text-align:right" | 74
 * style="text-align:right" | 108
 * 181.9482042(9)
 * colspan=3 align=center|Observationally Stable
 * 0+
 * 0.2650(16)
 * 183W
 * style="text-align:right" | 74
 * style="text-align:right" | 109
 * 182.9502230(9)
 * colspan=3 align=center|Observationally Stable
 * 1/2−
 * 0.1431(4)
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 183mW
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 309.493(3) keV
 * 5.2(3) s
 * IT
 * 183W
 * 11/2+
 * 184W
 * style="text-align:right" | 74
 * style="text-align:right" | 110
 * 183.9509312(9)
 * colspan=3 align=center|Observationally Stable
 * 0+
 * 0.3064(2)
 * 185W
 * style="text-align:right" | 74
 * style="text-align:right" | 111
 * 184.9534193(10)
 * 75.1(3) d
 * β−
 * 185Re
 * 3/2−
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 185mW
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 197.43(5) keV
 * 1.597(4) min
 * IT
 * 185W
 * 11/2+
 * 186W
 * style="text-align:right" | 74
 * style="text-align:right" | 112
 * 185.9543641(19)
 * colspan=3 align=center|Observationally Stable
 * 0+
 * 0.2843(19)
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 186m1W
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1517.2(6) keV
 * 18(1) μs
 * (7−)
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 186m2W
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 3542.8(21) keV
 * >3 ms
 * (16+)
 * 187W
 * style="text-align:right" | 74
 * style="text-align:right" | 113
 * 186.9571605(19)
 * 23.72(6) h
 * β−
 * 187Re
 * 3/2−
 * 188W
 * style="text-align:right" | 74
 * style="text-align:right" | 114
 * 187.958489(4)
 * 69.78(5) d
 * β−
 * 188Re
 * 0+
 * 189W
 * style="text-align:right" | 74
 * style="text-align:right" | 115
 * 188.96191(21)
 * 11.6(3) min
 * β−
 * 189Re
 * (3/2−)
 * 190W
 * style="text-align:right" | 74
 * style="text-align:right" | 116
 * 189.96318(18)
 * 30.0(15) min
 * β−
 * 190Re
 * 0+
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 190mW
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2381(5) keV
 * <3.1 ms
 * (10−)
 * 191W
 * style="text-align:right" | 74
 * style="text-align:right" | 117
 * 190.96660(21)#
 * 20# s [>300 ns]
 * 3/2−#
 * 192W
 * style="text-align:right" | 74
 * style="text-align:right" | 118
 * 191.96817(64)#
 * 10# s [>300 ns]
 * 0+
 * style="text-align:right" | 109
 * 182.9502230(9)
 * colspan=3 align=center|Observationally Stable
 * 1/2−
 * 0.1431(4)
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 183mW
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 309.493(3) keV
 * 5.2(3) s
 * IT
 * 183W
 * 11/2+
 * 184W
 * style="text-align:right" | 74
 * style="text-align:right" | 110
 * 183.9509312(9)
 * colspan=3 align=center|Observationally Stable
 * 0+
 * 0.3064(2)
 * 185W
 * style="text-align:right" | 74
 * style="text-align:right" | 111
 * 184.9534193(10)
 * 75.1(3) d
 * β−
 * 185Re
 * 3/2−
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 185mW
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 197.43(5) keV
 * 1.597(4) min
 * IT
 * 185W
 * 11/2+
 * 186W
 * style="text-align:right" | 74
 * style="text-align:right" | 112
 * 185.9543641(19)
 * colspan=3 align=center|Observationally Stable
 * 0+
 * 0.2843(19)
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 186m1W
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1517.2(6) keV
 * 18(1) μs
 * (7−)
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 186m2W
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 3542.8(21) keV
 * >3 ms
 * (16+)
 * 187W
 * style="text-align:right" | 74
 * style="text-align:right" | 113
 * 186.9571605(19)
 * 23.72(6) h
 * β−
 * 187Re
 * 3/2−
 * 188W
 * style="text-align:right" | 74
 * style="text-align:right" | 114
 * 187.958489(4)
 * 69.78(5) d
 * β−
 * 188Re
 * 0+
 * 189W
 * style="text-align:right" | 74
 * style="text-align:right" | 115
 * 188.96191(21)
 * 11.6(3) min
 * β−
 * 189Re
 * (3/2−)
 * 190W
 * style="text-align:right" | 74
 * style="text-align:right" | 116
 * 189.96318(18)
 * 30.0(15) min
 * β−
 * 190Re
 * 0+
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 190mW
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2381(5) keV
 * <3.1 ms
 * (10−)
 * 191W
 * style="text-align:right" | 74
 * style="text-align:right" | 117
 * 190.96660(21)#
 * 20# s [>300 ns]
 * 3/2−#
 * 192W
 * style="text-align:right" | 74
 * style="text-align:right" | 118
 * 191.96817(64)#
 * 10# s [>300 ns]
 * 0+
 * style="text-align:right" | 74
 * style="text-align:right" | 115
 * 188.96191(21)
 * 11.6(3) min
 * β−
 * 189Re
 * (3/2−)
 * 190W
 * style="text-align:right" | 74
 * style="text-align:right" | 116
 * 189.96318(18)
 * 30.0(15) min
 * β−
 * 190Re
 * 0+
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 190mW
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2381(5) keV
 * <3.1 ms
 * (10−)
 * 191W
 * style="text-align:right" | 74
 * style="text-align:right" | 117
 * 190.96660(21)#
 * 20# s [>300 ns]
 * 3/2−#
 * 192W
 * style="text-align:right" | 74
 * style="text-align:right" | 118
 * 191.96817(64)#
 * 10# s [>300 ns]
 * 0+
 * style="text-align:right" | 74
 * style="text-align:right" | 117
 * 190.96660(21)#
 * 20# s [>300 ns]
 * 3/2−#
 * 192W
 * style="text-align:right" | 74
 * style="text-align:right" | 118
 * 191.96817(64)#
 * 10# s [>300 ns]
 * 0+
 * style="text-align:right" | 74
 * style="text-align:right" | 118
 * 191.96817(64)#
 * 10# s [>300 ns]
 * 0+
 * 0+
 * 0+

title: Isotopes of tungsten