text:
Talk:Flora of Great Britain and Ireland

Untitled
I think this list is cool (been contemplating trying to build one for Nevada). I have a few suggestions. First, instead of the synthetic 8-part division, which requires a table to explain it, break it down to per-order and/or per-family ( [ [ list of Asteraceae of Britain and Ireland ] ], [ [ list of Malvales of Britain and Ireland ] ] ), which also link conveniently from the articles on each taxon. Second, the table should list systematic name first, and skip common names if there are none, instead of the odd-sounding "a Dandelion". I'd also skip the tabular form and just do plain list, with common names and other info as parenthetical note after systematic name - tables just don't do as well across a range of screen widths and browser types. Stan 23:00, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the comments. This is still very much a work in progress - some of the odd-looking stuff will appear less odd as I work on it - SP-KP 23:17, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

What are the criteria for inclusion? I see quite a few introduced species, but very far from all, and not even all species that are naturalised, but there are also one or two commonly planted species in that are not naturalised. There's also quite a bit of checking to be done that names (taxonomy and particularly common names) point directly to existing pages (I'll do some, but whether I can get it all done is another matter!) - MPF 11:29, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the offer of checking links. Keep with me for a little while longer and I'll add details about sources. I have a few other species to add, which may include your missing naturalised/introduced ones, but if not, let me know and I'll try to work out why they're not in the sources I used. - SP-KP 17:56, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

List of British hedgerow plants
The List of British hedgerow plants duplicates these pages - the great majority of British plants can be found in a hedgerow somewhere, so there is little or no value in having it as a separate list - MPF 13:11, 7 July 2006 (UTC)

 * The problem is, as you say, that the List of hedgerow plants has become a "List of plants found in a British hedgerow somewhere". If it continues to exist as a separate entity, it needs to be restricted to plants which have a pattern of occurrence as a constituent component of hedgerow habitats, and where we can support inclusion of each species by an inline citation. The NVC could be a sensible starting point for such a list. SP-KP 13:34, 7 July 2006 (UTC)

Picture Index
Hi. I've started creating a picture index of plants of the British Isles to supplement this. It's very much in its infancy right now, but you can see the beginnings here. I'm contemplating a different category system to that used here, such as perhaps splitting things into where they are generally found, or something like that, since I imagined it being most useful to people with little knowledge of taxonomy, however that is for when I have more in it! I'm finding it quite hard to choose pictures, since I don't actually know a lot about plants, so I don't necessarily know which pictures show the most usefully identifying features. I have noticed that there are often a lot of pictures on commons, even when there isn't an article on a species, so it could be a lot of work getting this as useful as possible. I appreciate any help :-) Nice work on this list here, by the way! Most handy. Skittle 12:39, 15 March 2007 (UTC)

Use of British Isles
Codf1977 (talk) 15:18, 7 October 2010 (UTC)

Links to English names
Having every English name in the child articles as a link seems a horrible idea. In most cases the name of the article is under the scientific name, as it should be. By linking every English name, you get at best a redirect to the article under the scientific name or at worst a link to an unrelated article or a disambiguation page (e.g. Daisy). So you're either double-linking or just confusing the reader. I can't see any good reason to keep the English names as links. -- Fyrefly (talk) 22:16, 12 November 2010 (UTC)

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Change of title
The term "British Isles" has a clear geographical definition as per its article, except for the inclusion or exclusion of the Channel Islands. However, it has become increasingly politically unacceptable to include the Republic of Ireland within a unit using the word "British". What was the "Botanical Society of the British Isles" changed its name to the "Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland" – which, one can speculate, has the advantage of having the same abbreviation, BSBI. So there's a case for this article being at "Flora of Britain and Ireland". However, it's a problematic phrase in my view, because of the ambiguity of "Britain" in this context – does it mean "Great Britain" or the "United Kingdom"? If the latter, then "Ireland" must mean the "Republic of Ireland". So I think that "Flora of Great Britain and Ireland" is a better title, and it corresponds to the five-volume work Flora of Great Britain and Ireland – but there does need to be a statement about the status of the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands, which are not part of either Great Britain or Ireland. Peter coxhead (talk) 07:36, 5 July 2021 (UTC)
 * Hi Peter, I agree Great Britain and Ireland seems the least controversial and most representative of the literature. Do you know why the two islands are talked about together in botany? Is it a geological reason or political? I feel each island should have it's own page really, and after looking at the lists themselves there is actually very little that separates them. Cheers, Jack (talk) 14:14, 5 July 2021 (UTC)
 * it's partly historical, I think, but also because it makes botanical sense. Realistically, the alternative would be a division along political lines (UK vs. Republic of Ireland), which doesn't make sense. Lists for each major island would have such a high overlap that I can't see the point. There's also the issue of the Isle of Man and Shetland. The "British Isles" are a sensible unit, whatever they are called. Peter coxhead (talk) 21:05, 5 July 2021 (UTC)

Removal of key and using descriptive text in status column in articles
I have edited List of ferns and fern allies of Great Britain and Ireland to remove the key and add descriptive text rather than simply using * and e. I've also added colour as follows:

I think this improves the tables, as it removes a lot of whitespace whilst also allowing readers to quickly identify which plants are native, introduced and extinct. Personally, I found the use of asterisks unhelpful as I thought they were easily missed where they were placed in the cell (right next to the cell border) which is what prompted me to make this change. It also means if, for any reason, a section of the article was linked to a reader doesn't have to scroll all the way back up to the top to find the key.

I'd like to apply this change to all of the articles on the flora of Great Britain and Ireland, but I thought it would be best to ask for feedback before going ahead, e.g. do others support this change, is "Native" a suitable description or would another word be preferable, and are the colours used appropriate (I've tried to follow colour guidelines on accessibility). Adam Black talk • contributions 15:21, 21 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Flora of Great Britain and Ireland


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 * One of the books nominated for the award lists Amazon as its publisher. If there's a better link to use for that, I welcome a correction. ChrisHibbert (talk) 18:30, 15 July 2023 (UTC)

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Talk:If....

Untitled
It's four dots, no? The poster image is wrong. -87.82.14.205 08:51, 16 January 2006 (UTC)
 * I'm not so sure. I was unable to resolve the matter of how the elipsis in the movie title should be written. Wikipedia says, "There is no such thing as a 'four-dot ellipsis'." Lindsay Anderson, himself, used both 3 and 4 dot ellipses (if the transcriptions are accurate).   The Lindsay Anderson Collection pages at the University of Stirling uses 3 and 4.    The Lindsay Anderson Memorial Foundation web site uses 3 in the text accompanying a poster with 4.  The British Film Institute: screenonline site uses 3.  I think the article should use 3 dot ellipsis (to be consistent with the article on ellipsis) but comment on the frequent appearance of 4 dot ellipsis.  --Walter Siegmund (talk) 17:26, 22 January 2006 (UTC)

It is four dots. Watch the film - the credits at the beginning and end give the title consistently with four dots, and that's really the only definitive source. IMDb also uses four, as do most posters. Can we move this article back to its old location and restore the four dots as the official title? Edbrims 20:10, 22 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I think it should be three dots in the article title to be consistent with Wikipedia usage and usage outside Wikipedia, similar to the example of the Guardian and the BBC articles.  I think I'm in good company here. This situation is analogous to certain song titles that are inconsistent with the Wikipedia convention on capitalization. In those cases, the Wikipedia convention is used so that the encyclopedia presents a uniform and consistent appearance to the reader. I'd be happy to refer this matter to WP:RFC if you are unconvinced by my reasoning. In the meantime, I would encourage you to add information about four dots appearing in the credits. That is good information, it is WP:V, and I agree that it belongs in the article. --Walter Siegmund (talk) 21:16, 22 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I don't agree at all. Wikipedia should list films by their actual names: its job is just to give the facts, not to correct film-makers' writing conventions. Plenty of precedents for this: the title of the film Two Weeks Notice is missing an apostrophe; David Mitchell's book number9dream has no spaces, Eats, Shoots & Leaves: The Zero Tolerance Approach to Punctuation is missing a hyphen; the song Ifwhiteamericatoldthetruthforonedayit'sworldwouldfallapart has an apostrophe it shouldn't - but these are listed on Wikipedia with their proper, wrong spelling. By all means redirect from "If..." to help people who look there, but the actual article should live at "If....", as this is its proper name. Edbrims 23:58, 22 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I've posted a notice of this dispute at Wikiquette alerts. It seemed to fit the criteria for listing there, see WP:RFC. Please review it to ensure that I described this dispute fairly and adequately and make any changes you deem necessary. Also, may I thank you for your restraint in discussing a matter that you have a strong opinion regarding? I may very well be wrong about this, but would like to hear from others before moving it back (and fixing all the links). --Walter Siegmund (talk) 00:20, 23 January 2006 (UTC)

 * My view is that the three-dot ellipsis is correct; the extra dot is clearly doing nothing, being merely accidental, and from the evidence provided by Walter Siegmund it's clear that reputable publications, not to mention Lindsay Anderson himself, are happy with the normal punctuation. --Mel Etitis  ( Μελ Ετητης ) 10:00, 23 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Interesting discussion. The correct punctuation is three dots. You see four dots when the ellipsis follows a sentence, meaning one of the dots is a period/full stop. What to do when the filmmakers themselves have made the error is an interesting question, and I think that'd depend on whether they'd made it deliberately to make some point, which I'm assuming they didn't in this case. Given that the Guardian etc is rendering it as three dots, I'd go with that. SlimVirgin (talk) 21:12, 23 January 2006 (UTC)

 * The possibility didn't occur to me until SlimVirgin mentioned it, but indeed the title could be read as "if ...(period/full stop)", i.e., unbounded exploration ending abruptly, thereby mirroring the film in the title. I did a Google search for '"Lindsay Anderson" ellipsis dots' and similar searches in hopes of finding a discussion of intent by the film maker without success. I did find that the screen play was published (see below). Later this week, I'll go to the local library to see if it offers any insight into the mind of the writer or director.  (Library of Congress: PN1997 .S472))  Disclosure: I contacted these two editors directly because I knew that they had some interest in this sort of question from their edits to WP:MOS and other articles. I worked with Mel Etitis on Adi Shankara a couple of months ago and sporatically since. I think this is the first time that I've interacted with SlimVirgin. Edbrims, I don't think of either of these editors as cronies, but thought you should know this history. Also, I would welcome comments by editors in which you have confidence.  Thank you, Mel Etitis and SlimVirgin, for your comments.--Walter Siegmund (talk) 23:46, 23 January 2006 (UTC)

 * But it isn't a mistake; it's just a difference of conventions of style. Two Weeks Notice is a genuine grammatical mistake, and if we're listing that as it is, I can't see any reason to rewrite this. The style guides in Wikipedia should only apply to original writing in articles, not to rewriting the title of a 1968 film. Lindsay Anderson might not have been quite consistent afterwards, but the film itself is what matters and it unambiguously spells its title with four dots. What's "correct" doesn't come into it. Edbrims 23:08, 23 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I think those are good points. Thank you for finding those examples. In the published screen play (Sherwin, 1969, see above), Lindsay Anderson in his introduction uses four dots consistently.Mr. Anderson credits Daphne Hunter with suggesting the title, but sheds no further light on the number of dots. The four dot version of the title appears at the beginning and end of the screen play proper. Interestingly enough, the title on the cover is the three dot version. The three dot version appears in a list of titles on the back cover. But the four dot version appears on the title pages and in the copyright notices. It was published by Simon and Schuster, a major publishing house, so I think it is safe to assume that it underwent editorial review and was competently proofread. The editor would have questioned Anderson and Sherwin on this point, or so I would assume. I think accident or ignorance of usage can be ruled out as a consequence. The cover inconsistency may be explained if it was designed by others without close coordination with the authors or the editors. This is quite plausible, in my opinion. --Walter Siegmund (talk) 23:20, 25 January 2006 (UTC)

 * When it comes to disputes about films IMDB has always been the final say according to various wiki articles about disputes and if it lists it with 4 then go with 4. As it is a reference to a piece of art then the director has 'artitic' license with the text and it is a direct quote if that. Most films do not have a period in their title's and when they do it is because of the director's artistic license. I say go with 4. Jsmp01 00:13, 28 January 2006 (UTC)

 * That is very helpful. I wonder I you would be kind enough to provide a couple of links to the articles you cite? I think it is important to have a complete record of the discussion here. Otherwise, this dispute will recur. Best wishes, Walter Siegmund (talk) 07:36, 28 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Adaptation. has a full stop in the title. Edbrims 14:57, 28 January 2006 (UTC)

 * The poll at Talk:Adaptation. was 11 to 6 in favor of the version with the period (full stop) at the end. The poll at Talk:Clerks. was 11 to 5 in favor of the version with the period (full stop) at the end. In neither case does it appear that editors gave extra weight to the way it was listed at IMDb.com. Also relevant are short discussions at Wikipedia_talk:Naming_conventions/archive5 and Wikipedia_talk:Naming_conventions_%28films%29. Naming_conventions provides no guidance on this matter.                  What seems indisputable is that using the title with the period leads to sentences like, "readers of Total Film magazine voted Clerks. the 16th greatest comedy film of all time.", a sentence that appears not to have been proofread to the average reader, and makes Wikipedia look unprofessional. I think it is telling that it is used only nine of 16 occurrances in the article Clerks..          Moreover, this usage propagates to other articles. In The Jesus Lizard, the reader sees, "... a song on the Clerks. soundtrack..." The reader that is not familiar with the film (and a reader of a music group article may well not be) and does not follows the link back to the article Clerks., may be forgiven for not understanding that this punctuation is deliberate.              When editing, it is natural to place a period after a sentence ending in a wikilink (as at the end of the paragraph above), i.e., Clerks. . I saw two instances in about 20 articles where this occurred.  The result is even more disturbing for If..... But, the result is fine with If.... For the second example, the wikilink is written If... (film) .               User:Violetriga in the Clerks. discussion voted to keep the period and commented, "Official title is with the full stop and so it should remain. It's natural for it to be referred to without because it looks typographically ugly when mid-sentence." User:Austin Hair's following comment is "it looks bad in running text, but we are, after all, talking about the article's title." I think that those two users did not appreciate that the title would be used in running text with the punctuation when it is wikilinked, unless the editor takes the trouble to add a piped link with the title punctuation deleted, something most editors are not likely to do. In the Adaptation. discussion, this issue did not appear to be addressed. --Walter Siegmund (talk) 05:52, 29 January 2006 (UTC)

Maybe one of you fine folks could add a sentence to the article that explains the discrepancy between the 3 and 4 dot ellipsis. Also, the poster shows "if" in lowercase. If the films title is in fact all lowercase, you should also consider adding a Wrongtitle tag. Ewlyahoocom 17:37, 8 May 2006 (UTC)

 * The title of this film is ‘if....’ containing four ellipses and a lowercase ‘i’. It shouldn’t be the judgment of an editor to presume that it’s a mistake of a copyrighter until proven otherwise. It may well be a historical anachronism that could somehow be relevant to the work, and whilst it should certainly of note in the article, it should not presumptuously be altered regarding its original form (which also happens to be present within the film itself). Perhaps the prose in Irvine Welsh novels should all be ‘corrected’ due to its lack of ‘proper’ spelling and grammatical errors, for what does he know? Say it was called ‘IF!’ the weight of the title would be interpreted quite differently. Perhaps this is not actually giving credence to advertising after all, as Wikipedia might suggest. I, for one, suggest altering that rule. If a writer or poet decides to deliberately misspell the title of a work without letting it be known it was intentional then the over enthusiastic actions of a Wikipedia grammar patroller become inadvertently revisionist and flawed. Really, this discussion should be about artistic license in product advertising. Personally, in a modern age, the typography and presentation of a products title is almost as relevant as the product itself. Just a random thought, maybe the lack of conformity in the title and its typography has much to do with the subject matter of the film? This is simply a random thought, but a thought similar to many who might ponder over the production idiosyncrasies of this particular film.

Sorry for all the fuss over a dot, but Wiki editors are not writers or its interpreters. 195.92.168.164 05:44, 5 April 2007 (UTC)

Great dispute, best laugh I've had for ages, thank you all! - AG, Stockport, UK. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 85.210.34.69 (talk) 12:15, August 27, 2007 (UTC)

 * Why has someone changed the page back from 'if...' to 'If...'. This is utterly pathetic. If some random Wiki grammar patroller with nothing better to do than correct supposed grammar 'imperfections' has a problem with the way a film is titled, why do they have an interest as to why it was stylized in such a way? Why didn't they bother to involve themselves in the discussion about altering the page name before moving it? Why are there editors who have no interest in the topic they are editing persist on shoving their baseless superiority complexes onto a subject they clearly have no understanding of? Isn't it a bit sad? Slightly less sad than me being bothered by it, but at least I have an interest in the article and its subject matter to care. I don't maintain my old Wikipedia account precisely because of pedantic crap such as this. It's an embarrassing tribute to a lack of intelligence and a sense of reasonable judgment and a tribute to blind idiocy disguised as reason. 89.242.17.26 (talk) 02:03, 24 April 2010 (UTC)

if...., A British Film Guide by Paul Sutton
I moved the following comment from the article and added the citation to reference list. Walter Siegmund (talk) 06:15, 19 January 2007 (UTC) The most comprehensive account of the making of the film, and the only book written using Lindsay Anderson's own archive, is Paul Sutton's if...., A British Film Guide (I.B. Tauris) written for Turner Classic Movies.

Why haven't we moved it yet?
It seems most are in favour of the four-dot ellipsis but why does this page remain at three. If you are worried about a work being published iin vain of the title well that happens all the time. Consensus from the actual film its self INCLUDING but not limited to the screenplay. Take these two links for example:

1. http://www.amazon.co.uk/Royal-Wedding-Fred-Astaire/dp/B0006GAFXA/ref=pd_bowtega_1/203-3850962-3849548?ie=UTF8&s=dvd&qid=1179902947&sr=1-1 Now if you click on the picture of the DVD cover, you will notice that Technicolor is spelled with a "U". That doesn't make it so.

2. http://www.amazon.co.uk/Night-Living-Dead-Judith-ODea/dp/B00005RHJ8/ref=sr_1_6/203-3850962-3849548?ie=UTF8&s=dvd&qid=1179903064&sr=1-6 In the picture on this link, Judith O'Dea is credited as Judith O'Hara.

Now what have we learned from this? Well... that you can't always trust the unofficial publishers. If the screenplay says "if...." then the title is the prior. Be it a full stop or a grammatical error, it seems neccesary to restore the fourth dot seeing as there is enough consensus. ESPECIALLY if the screenplay says so, unless it is a working title but that has been disproven from the credit titles.

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of the . Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

If... (film) → if.... — It says in the poster and in the screenplay. Check the DVD, it comes with a copy of the screenplay and you can't go wrong with the screenplay. —Reginmund 21:22, 12 June 2007 (UTC)

Survey

 * Feel free to state your position on the renaming proposal by beginning a new line in this section with  or  , then sign your comment with  . Since polling is not a substitute for discussion, please explain your reasons, taking into account Wikipedia's naming conventions.

 * Support - It is written if... in the screenplay and that should be the last source when discussion comes to the title. Reginmund 21:23, 12 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Oppose No reason this article should go against the MOS. Besides, the article already redirects to If. Lrrr IV 22:01, 12 June 2007 (UTC)
 * I might support moving it to If.... (with the first letter capitalized). Lrrr IV 22:03, 12 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Support The screenplay, poster and an alternate poster and the actual film credits all have a lowercase "i" and four dot ellipse, as evidenced here. Doctor Sunshine   talk  00:48, 13 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Support Rbb l181 16:38, 13 June 2007 (UTC)

Discussion

 * Any additional comments:

-For anyone who believes this change is unjustified because of MoS, consider the fact that hellogoodbye is missing a space and Two Weeks Notice is missing an apostrophe. If those article's title's are justified, what makes if.... any different? Besides, there are several RC Patrollers here making sure that nobody removes the fourth full stop. Reginmund 00:06, 13 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Ahem. If the argument is solely about the use of I vs i, well... Naming conventions (technical restrictions) . Charles 21:44, 13 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Actually the main argument is about the omission of the fourth full stop. Reginmund 22:28, 13 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Oh, okay. It serves in repsonse to Lrrr IV whose desire for a capital I is unnecessary. Charles 22:33, 13 June 2007 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the . Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

This article has been renamed as the result of a move request. --Stemonitis 06:37, 18 June 2007 (UTC)

Tonbridge school shooting
In my research, the incident mentioned in the article about students threatening the school with guns is false. The original script by the writers in fact did not mention a shooting at all. I vote we remove it, unless anyone can come up with evidence verifying it. -Son of ecgtheow.

I agree. I was at Tonbridge a few years after Sherwin and Howlett, and I never heard any mention of such an incident. Geoffw1948 10:07, 29 July 2007 (UTC)GeoffW

Query. There is a popular belief that the use of black and white in the film was due to a lack of money. Is there any evidence to support this ? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.13.143.58 (talk) 23:21, 5 October 2007 (UTC)

I was also at Tonbridge School - The housemaster in the film comes from a Mr. Kemp who was a long-time housemaster and Deputy Head at the school. David Sherwin gave an interview in one the Tonbridgian school magazine in which he stated that lack of funds was indeed the reason for some of the scenes being shot in black and white. Although a number of the public school features/eccentricities in the film were common to many schools, it is clear that many are direct references to David's time at Tonbridge. It is interesting that the chapel at Cheltenham College (the location for the final scenes) bore a very striking resemblance to the chapel at Tonbridge (destroyed by fire in 1987). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.139.95.180 (talk) 06:03, 31 January 2008 (UTC)

A house master at Tonbridge during the 1960's was Roy Ford who later became headmaster at King's School Rochester. As a student at Kings School Rochester during the 1980's there was talk that the title of the film was taken from his propensity to begin sentences with a dramatic "If...". Is there any other evidence for this? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 77.103.221.30 (talk) 08:23, 6 August 2013 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:388875.1020.A.jpg
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BetacommandBot (talk) 04:26, 12 February 2008 (UTC)

A Clockwork Orange
In the documentary film The Return of a Clockwork Orange, Malcolm McDowell said that he had not understood how to do Alex's part, So Kubrick told him, 'Remember that scene when you [I don't remember exactly how he said it; he mentioned a part when he comes through big doors and makes an expression that could be defined as well-defining Alex]? That's how you should do Alex. [Or something like that. Look for it on YouTube.com.]' McDowell said he understood from that how to do Alex. Siúnrá (talk) 16:23, 6 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Confirmed. I will post it.--Louiedog (talk) 04:03, 21 June 2010 (UTC)

Simon Ward
Where is his participation disputed? IMdB says he was in it, albeit uncredited. --  Jack of Oz    ... speak! ...   10:41, 16 January 2010 (UTC)

What is this "If.... (styled as If....)" nonsense at the intro of the article?
Again, and for the unlikely last time, the film is titled 'if....' A lowercase 'i' with four ellipses. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 78.150.196.87 (talk) 04:53, 15 July 2010 (UTC)

 * You are correct. Wikipedia does not seem to be able to adapt there programming to use a lower case letter as the first word in an article title. That does not mean that we have to use an upper case letter anywhere else in this article. So I have altered those that I could find. If I missed any help form other editors in correcting them will be appreciated. MarnetteD | Talk 03:25, 27 August 2010 (UTC)
 * As per WP:MOSTM and WP:NC we use correct standard English, not the random stylistic preferences of individuals. The film is title If it is styled as if..... Lowercase titles are wrong. Wikipedia uses correct English which means capitalising names, including titles of films. Nouse4aname (talk) 15:08, 23 March 2011 (UTC)
 * WP:MOSTM is irrelevant as this is not a trademark but the title of a film. We cannot do anything about the article title starting with upper case, but there is no need to repeat that in the rest of the article. See the discussion starting at the top of this page (the parts of it that are about the lowercase initial, not the business about the number of dots). -- Alarics (talk) 12:45, 24 March 2011 (UTC)
 * MOSTM is not restricted to trademarks only. MOSTM uses the following examples as instances of using standard English over non-standard stylistic preferences: the film Alien 3, which is styled as Alien³, and the TV show Thirtysomething_(TV_series), which is styled as thirtysomething. See also: Manual_of_Style_(capital_letters). "Capitalize the first letter in the first and last words in the titles of English compositions (books and other print works, songs and other audio works, films and other visual media works, paintings and other artworks etc.)". MOSTM is applied to all instances where a title is styled with a lower case letter, despite originally designed specifically for trademarks, this same rule is applied in various other instances of incorrect styling issues contradicting standard English capitalisation. As stated repeatedly, Wikipedia does not lend undue weight to non standard formatting. Instead, Wikipedia uses standard English language, which requires the capitalisation of titles, including those of films. Nouse4aname (talk) 15:59, 24 March 2011 (UTC)
 * As MarnetteD notes in his/her edit summary today, a consensus on this had already been reached and it is in favour of reproducing the title of the film with a lower case initial letter, as in the film itself, the book of the script, and the poster.-- 18:32, 24 March 2011 (UTC)

Proposed move
Does anyone else think this shouldn't be the first result for "If...," but rather "If... (film)" with "If..." going to "If"? Just because I came to "If..." looking for the Kipling poem. Twin Bird (talk) 04:21, 12 November 2010 (UTC)
 * IMO there is no reason to move this page. Kipling's poems page is here If— with a hyphen. This film has, from its initial release, always used four periods. As I peruse the net I can find no agreement on how to title the poem. This site uses five periods, this one uses  none as do most of the others that I found on google. Readers looking for any of the articles that have "if" as there title will most likely type if and get taken to the dismabig page anyway. Your suggestion would also require moving the page for the poem so you might want to put a note on that pages talk page. MarnetteD | Talk 18:04, 12 November 2010 (UTC)

 * I would actually be in favor of adding the disambiguation simply because of the number of "If..." type of articles we have. There is If... (The Bluetones song), If... (comic), If... (TV series), If... (Desperate Housewives)...there's a couple others that don't have pages as well. I get that this is "If" with 4 periods, but and extra period isn't really enough to argue that it's a unique spelling. We cannot load this page with "for the comic see, for the TV series see, etc." because it would be too long. I think "If..." should redirect to "IF" and this page should be disambiguated as "film". IMO.   BIGNOLE     (Contact me)  23:00, 12 November 2010 (UTC)

 * Thanks for your input and I take your point. I was only looking at the case narrow focus of this films page re Kipling's poem page. You have pointed out the wider aspects of the numerous wikipedia articles that have "If" as their title. As long as we are moving this page to "If.... (film)", since the periods are part of the official title of the film, I would concur with the move. Perhaps we should leave this open for another 3 or 4 days to see if anyone else responds and then we could make the official move request. MarnetteD | Talk 03:06, 13 November 2010 (UTC)

Stephen Frears
The film is being broadcast at the moment of me typing this, in the early morning on Film4. The Radio Times listing for this showing credits Anderson and Frears as co-directors. Does anyone know what might be the justification for this? Harfarhs (talk) 02:10, 18 November 2012 (UTC)

 * I put on my DVD and ran the credits. Frears is listed as assistant to the director not co-director. If you check this website it backs that up. I think that the person who wrote the RT listing substituted "co-" for "assistant" through a misunderstanding (or lack of) of the terms. Hope you enjoyed seeing the film (again or for the first time) I like the fact that we get to see one of the few " in front of camera" performances of the young Charles Sturridge. Cheers. MarnetteD | Talk 02:26, 18 November 2012 (UTC)

 * Agreed, thanks. Yes, I enjoyed it again!! Looking at the Frears article here, I wonder whether some person/people has/have been exaggerating his roles: see my addition to the Frears talk page. Harfarhs (talk) 19:51, 23 November 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on If..... Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20081121175939/http://www.bfi.org.uk/features/interviews/mcdowell.html to http://www.bfi.org.uk/features/interviews/mcdowell.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 08:21, 7 January 2016 (UTC)

Private or public school?
I made a change because the film depicts the situation in a private school, not a public one. The change was undone and I do not understand why! I saw the movie recently and it is clear that we have students paying fees and the atmosphere inside is typical for a private school. This is significant and we need to underline this. Even IMDB is on my track: http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0063850/ — Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.124.176.185 (talk)

 * The third sentence of the article you linked to (Independent school (United Kingdom)) explains the situation: "Many of the older, expensive and more exclusive schools catering for the 13–18 age-range in England and Wales are known as public schools". The film is set in a Public school (United Kingdom), which is why you were reverted, and why I am about to revert you once again. Thanks. TwoTwoHello (talk) 15:02, 21 September 2017 (UTC)

Title
Isn't the title a reference to the Kipling poem If-? It seems to be the sort of thing they'd make you read in a British public school. 2601:1C2:1600:8870:101C:7157:6A71:FE5B (talk) 02:06, 10 July 2018 (UTC)

 * Almost certainly (though you might not be able to find an acceptable source to put it in the article).
 * There are striking parallels between this film and Kipling's collection of schoolboy tales titled Stalky & Co., e.g. (1) three nonconformist boys in the Sixth Form as the central characters, (2) a school cadet program that goes badly wrong, (3) a romance with an off-campus shopgirl, (4) a school chaplain who understands and likes the rebels, (5) loud African music (a Nigerian drum in Kipling's book).
 * I sometimes like to refer to this film as "Stalky on Drugs". Hcunn (talk) 15:22, 19 December 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:If....


text:
I Can't Stop Loving You

"I Can't Stop Loving You" is a popular song written and composed by country singer, songwriter, and musician Don Gibson, who first recorded it on December 3, 1957, for RCA Victor Records. It was released in 1958 as the B-side of "Oh, Lonesome Me", becoming a double-sided country hit single. At the time of Gibson's death in 2003, the song had been recorded by more than 700 artists, most notably by Ray Charles, whose recording reached No. 1 on the Billboard chart.

Composition
Gibson wrote both "I Can't Stop Loving You" and "Oh, Lonesome Me" on June 7, 1957, in Knoxville, Tennessee. "I sat down to write a lost love ballad," Gibson said in Dorothy Horstman's 1975 book Sing Your Heart Out, Country Boy. "After writing several lines to the song, I looked back and saw the line 'I can't stop loving you.' I said, 'That would be a good title,' so I went ahead and rewrote it in its present form."

Charts
Note: This original recording was released as "I Can't Stop Lovin' You".

Ray Charles version
The song was covered by Ray Charles in 1962, featured on Charles' Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music, and released as a single. Charles' version reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1962, for five weeks. This version went to number one on the U.S. R&B and adult contemporary charts. Billboard ranked it as the No. 2 song for 1962. Charles reached No. 1 in the UK Singles Chart in July 1962, staying for two weeks. In Sweden it was the first number one single on the sales chart Kvällstoppen on July 10, 1962.

The Ray Charles version is noted for his saying the words before the last five lines of the song on the final chorus: "Sing the song, children". Choral backing was provided by The Randy Van Horne Singers. It was ranked No. 164 on Rolling Stone's list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time and No. 49 on CMT's "100 Greatest Songs in Country Music".

In 1963 at the 5th Annual Grammy Awards, the Ray Charles version of the song won him the Grammy Award for Best Rhythm & Blues Recording.

This recording was featured in Metropolis, where it can be heard during the explosion of the skyscraper Ziggurat shortly after the climax.

Other versions
The song has been recorded by many other artists. Some recordings are titled as "I Can't Stop Lovin' You" (with or without an apostrophe).

 * 1958: Kitty Wells on her album Kitty Wells' Golden Favorites; No. 3 on the Billboard magazine country chart
 * 1961: Roy Orbison on his album Sings Lonely and Blue; charted in the Variety magazine Top 100 Listings
 * 1962: Ray Charles featured on Charles' Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music, and released as a single.
 * 1962: Count Basie's recording, a Quincy Jones arrangement, won the 1962 Grammy Award for "Best Instrumental Arrangement".
 * 1962: Ray Anthony recorded the song for the album Ray Anthony Plays Worried Mind
 * 1963: Johnny Tillotson on his album Talk Back Trembling Lips (MGM Records – E 4188)
 * 1963: Paul Anka on his album Songs I Wish I'd Written (RCA Victor – LSP-2744)
 * 1963: Saxophonist Boots Randolph recorded an instrumental version of the song for his album Boots Randolph's Yakety Sax!
 * 1964: Faron Young on his album Country Dance Favorites (Mercury Records - SR 60931)
 * 1964: Frank Sinatra recorded the song for his album It Might As Well Be Swing, his second collaboration with Count Basie and his orchestra
 * 1964: Jim Reeves on his last album The Jim Reeves Way which was released in 1965
 * 1964: Ike & Tina Turner covered the song in 1964; released on their album Live! The Ike & Tina Turner Show in January 1965.
 * 1965: Duke Ellington recorded the song for his album Ellington '66
 * 1965: Andy Williams on his album Andy Williams' Dear Heart
 * 1966: Pavel Novak, Czech singer
 * 1967: Ronnie Dove on his LP Cry
 * 1969: Elvis Presley performed the song live from 1969 until his final tours in 1977, first recording it on the RCA release Elvis in Person at the International Hotel, Las Vegas, Nevada
 * 1969: Jerry Lee Lewis recorded it on the album Sings the Country Music Hall of Fame Hits, Vol. 2
 * Guy & Ralna included a recording of the song on their 1973 album Country Songs We Love to Sing; the duo also performed the song numerous times on The Lawrence Welk Show, on which they were regulars.
 * 1972: Conway Twitty on his album of the same name; reached No. 1 on Billboard's Hot Country Singles chart
 * 1974: Donna Hightower recorded in Spain it on her Columbia album "I'm In Love with Love" (also released as "I'm in Love with You" and "The One I Cried")
 * 1974: Dolly Parton and Chet Atkins performed the song (to Atkins' guitar accompaniment) on The Porter Wagoner Show in 1974.
 * 1974: Johnny Rodriguez covered the song on his album "Songs About Ladies And Love". This version is notable as Rodriguez alternates between singing in English and Spanish throughout the song.
 * 1977: Sammi Smith covered the song for her Mixed Emotions album. The song also reached No. 27 on Billboard's Hot Country Singles chart.
 * 1978: Mary K. Miller reached No. 28 on Billboard's Hot Country Singles chart.
 * 1981: Rez Band recorded a cover as their closing track on the platinum-selling Mommy Don't Love Daddy Anymore, hitting the Christian Rock charts.
 * 1981: Millie Jackson recorded an upbeat, disco-influenced version for her Just a Lil' Bit Country album. The song was also released as a single in the U.S. and charted #62 R&B.
 * 1982: Freddy Fender recorded the song on the self titled album, Freddy Fender.
 * 1991: Van Morrison on his album Hymns to the Silence; also appears on a limited edition album Live at Austin City Limits Festival (2006)
 * 2002: Anne Murray on her album Country Croonin'
 * 2005: Martina McBride on her album Timeless
 * 2014: Bryan Adams recorded a version for his album Tracks of My Years

title: I Can't Stop Loving You


text:
Talk:Britannia Hospital

Fair use rationale for Image:Brittania Hospital.jpg
Image:Brittania Hospital.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 17:45, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

Original research
Clearly someone likes this film a good deal. For Wikipedia's objective of article neutrality and the avoidance of Original Research this is insufficient and misleading. This film's critical reputation is still not high and is unreflected in the article. Philip Cross (talk) 12:39, 3 August 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Britannia Hospital


text: User talk:199.29.6.2

title: User talk:199.29.6.2


text:
Talk:O Lucky Man!

Fair use rationale for Image:O Lucky Man!.jpg
Image:O Lucky Man!.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 15:20, 8 March 2008 (UTC)

Plot Summary leaves much to be desired
Having watched the movie and read the summary, I can firmly say that the summary provided does nothing to help me understand what I just watched. I'd modify the summary myself, but I don't understand the movie at all. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Terabiel (talk • contribs) 06:03, 20 December 2011 (UTC)

I have written a plot synopsis that refers more closely to the actual plot, rather than patchy descriptions of the mise-en-scene, as appears in the current plot summary section. I wrote it the day after I watched the film for the first time, and I am quite proud of I was asked to merge it with the existing summary, but I found it highly unsatisfactory and tried to substitute my summary in full. Wikipedia rejected it, although they may have done so for valid editorial reasons. I have put it on my user page, if anyone wants to see it. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Quovadisdaddy (talk • contribs) 09:51, 2 July 2012 (UTC)

- I am pleasantly surprised by the quality of this article, which in my opinion well exceeds "start class". Just popping in to say I have enjoyed the quality of the article so far, and thanks to all those who contributed. Excalibur (talk) 21:27, 16 October 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:O Lucky Man!


text:
Youbian dubian

Youbian dubian, or dubanbian , is a rule of thumb people use to pronounce a Chinese character when they do not know its exact pronunciation. A longer version is '，' (yǒu biān dú biān, méi biān dú zhōngjiān; lit. "read the side if any; read the middle part if there is no side").

Around 90% of Chinese characters are phono-semantic compounds that consist of two parts: a semantic part (often the radical) that suggests a general meaning (e.g. the part 貝 [shell] usually indicates that a character concerns commerce, as people used shells as currency in ancient times), and a phonetic part which shows how the character is or was pronounced (e.g. the part 皇 (pinyin: huáng) usually indicates that a character is pronounced huáng in Mandarin Chinese).

The phonetic part represents the exact or almost-exact pronunciation of the character when the character was first created; characters sharing the same phonetic part had identical or similar readings. Linguists rely heavily on this fact to reconstruct the sounds of ancient Chinese. However, over time, the reading of a character may be no longer the one indicated by the phonetic part due to sound change and general vagueness.

When one encounters such a two-part character and does not know its exact pronunciation, one may take one of the parts as the phonetic indicator. For example, reading 詣 (pinyin: yì) as zhǐ because its "side" 旨 is pronounced as such. Some of this kind of "folk reading" have become acceptable over time - listed in dictionaries as alternative pronunciations, or simply become the common reading. For example, people read the character 町 ting in 西門町 (Ximending) as if it were 丁 ding. It has been called a "phenomenon of analogy", and is observed in as early as the Song Dynasty.

title: Youbian dubian


text:
Rafael Araújo (basketball)

Rafael Paulo de Lara Araújo (born August 12, 1980) is a Brazilian former professional basketball player. He played for three years in the National Basketball Association.

College career
After attending Padre Anacleto High School in São Paulo, Araújo went to the United States to play college basketball, attending Arizona Western College in Yuma, Arizona. In his freshman season (2000–01), he averaged 12.1 points and 8.4 rebounds per game. Araújo later explained that AWC coach Kelly Green gave him $400 to get his visa and establish himself in Yuma, despite coaches being forbidden to do so. As a sophomore, he tallied 17.9 points and 10.7 rebounds per game, leading the Matadors to a 28-3 record and a top ten national ranking among junior colleges. He was named Region Most Valuable Player and 2nd Team NJCAA All-American. At the same time Araújo was drafted for the Brazil national basketball team at the 2002 World Championships, as NBA player Nenê could not attend the tournament.

After finishing his junior college career, Araújo moved to Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah where as a junior (2002–03), he averaged 12.0 points and 8.9 rebounds per game (second in the Mountain West Conference). In his senior season, Araújo led BYU in scoring (18.4 points per game), rebounding (10.1 rebounds per game), steals (43 total), and blocked shots (25). He was named Co-Player of the Year in the Mountain West Conference, sharing the honor with Air Force's Nick Welch. He was named 2nd Team NCAA All-American by Basketball Times and Honorable Mention All-American by the Associated Press.

With his size and strength, the 6-foot-11, 295-pound Araújo impressed many pro scouts during his senior season. On December 6, 2003, he dominated a tough Oklahoma State team, totaling 32 points and 17 rebounds in BYU's 76-71 upset victory. He concluded his collegiate career with a 24-point, 12-rebound performance in the Cougars' 80-75 loss to Syracuse in the NCAA Tournament.

Controversy
During the 2002 World Championships in Indianapolis, Araújo tested positive for the steroid nandrolone. He was given a 24-month suspension from international play. He was subsequently found clean during tests while a player at BYU, and the NBA did not test players for steroid use. Araújo explained that the tests went positive because at the time he consumed a dietary supplement containing androstenedione, but he could still play because he was only suspended by FIBA, who does not sanction college basketball.

Araújo was involved in multiple on-court incidents during his senior season at BYU. On March 6, 2004, Araújo was reprimanded by the Mountain West Conference (MWC) for hitting UNLV guard Jerel Blassingame during an 89-88 win. Six days later on March 12, in a 54-51 loss to Utah, Araujo was charged with a technical foul for elbowing the Utes' Andrew Bogut in the head in the MWC Tournament.

Professional career
The Toronto Raptors selected Araújo with the eighth pick in the 2004 NBA draft, making him the first college senior drafted that year, one pick ahead of future NBA finals MVP Andre Iguodala. His NBA career was mostly disappointing with him seeing limited action as a rookie, averaging 3.3 points and 3.1 rebounds in 12.5 minutes per game. He set a career-high with 14 rebounds against the Sacramento Kings on January 5, 2005. Days later, on January 9, he scored a career-high 14 points against the Golden State Warriors. He later matched that total against the Kings on November 25, 2005.

In the 2005-06 season, he again struggled through a disappointing year and had trouble getting playing time, averaging 11.6 minutes a game, 2.3 points, and 2.8 rebounds while shooting a dismal 36.6% from the field. Shortly after that season, Toronto GM Rob Babcock was fired, and it was rumored that the firing, in part, had to do with the drafting of Araújo. The player claimed he did not play much with the Raptors because then-coach Sam Mitchell held a grudge against Babcock, and thus he did not want to put Babcock's draft pick on the court.

On June 8, 2006, Araújo was traded to the Utah Jazz with an undisclosed amount of money for Kris Humphries and Robert Whaley. Many viewed this as a new beginning for Araújo, a chance for him to change the direction of his career. He worked hard in Utah, dropping his weight from 295 pounds to 275 in an effort to improve his athleticism. He also expressed much interest as he already played in Utah during college. However, he did not fit in well in Utah's offense, which was already set with Carlos Boozer, Andrei Kirilenko and Mehmet Okur in the frontcourt, and Araújo played sparingly during the 2006-07 season. He averaged 2.6 points and 2.4 rebounds per game in 28 games, averaging only 8.9 minutes per appearance.

Araújo's rookie contract expired after the 2006-07 season, and Jazz owner Larry H. Miller said publicly that he liked Araújo and hoped he could return to the team the following season. Araújo's final NBA game was played in Game 5 of the 2007 Western Conference Finals against the San Antonio Spurs on May 30, 2007. Utah will lose the game 84 - 109, with Araújo recording 7 points, 4 rebounds and 1 steal. San Antonio thus won the entire series 4 - 1.

Araújo played for Utah in the 2007 Rocky Mountain Revue, but the Jazz signed 7-foot-1 Kyrylo Fesenko during the offseason, filling the roster spot that Araújo held previously. With that opportunity gone, and his NBA career likely over, Araújo signed a 1-year, $500,000 contract to play for Spartak St. Petersburg in Russia. Araújo claimed that despite the easy adaptation, his lack of European passport and Spartak's underperformances led him to leave.

Araújo was in training camp with the NBA's Minnesota Timberwolves for 2008 but was waived before the 2008-09 season. He claimed that this happened because of the arrival of Kevin Love, and because Araújo was not in top shape due to an injured knee.

After a brief and failed stint at the Shanghai Sharks, in January 2009, Araújo signed with Brazilian club Flamengo for the 2009 season. The details of his contract were not revealed. He became the star of the club's team alongside Marcelinho Machado. Six months later, at the end of the 2009 season, he signed a deal with Paulistano for the 2009-10 season, and in June 2010 he transferred back to Flamengo signing a two-year contract. For his second stint at Flamengo, Araújo, for numerology reasons, changed the spelling of his nickname to "Bàbby" and his jersey number from 55 to 66.

Araújo made headlines in January 2011 by shattering a glass backboard with a powerful dunk during a game in the FIBA Americas League. Video of the play was widely circulated across the Internet.

In June 2011, he signed a deal with Franca Basquetebol Clube. In 2012, Araújo decided to retire, though he was open to return to basketball if he had a good proposal.

In October 2012, Araujo returned to basketball, signing with Mogi das Cruzes. He moved to Pinheiros in 2014.

NBA
Source

title: Rafael Araújo (basketball)


text:
Wheel alignment

Wheel alignment, which is sometimes referred to as breaking or tracking, is part of standard automobile maintenance that consists of adjusting the angles of wheels to the car manufacturer specifications. The purpose of these adjustments is to reduce tire wear and to ensure that vehicle travel is straight and true (without "pulling" to one side). Alignment angles can also be altered beyond the maker's specifications to obtain a specific handling characteristic. Motorsport and off-road applications may call for angles to be adjusted well beyond normal, for a variety of reasons.

Primary angles
The primary angles are the basic angle alignment of the wheels relative to each other and to the car body. These adjustments are the camber, caster and toe. On some cars, not all of these can be adjusted on every wheel.

These three parameters can be further categorized into front and rear (with no caster on the rear, typically not being steered wheels). In summary, the parameters are:

 * Front: Caster (left & right)
 * Front: Camber (left & right)
 * Front: Toe (left, right & total)
 * Rear: Camber (left & right)
 * Rear: Toe (left, right & total)

Secondary angles
The secondary angles include numerous other adjustments, such as:
 * SAI (Steering Axis Inclination)
 * Included angle
 * Toe out on turns
 * Maximum Turns
 * Toe curve change
 * Track width difference
 * Wheelbase difference
 * Front ride height
 * Rear ride height
 * Frame angle
 * Setback

Setback is the difference between right side and left side wheelbase length. It can also be measured as an angle. Setback less than the manufacturer specified tolerance (for example, about 6mm) does not affect car handling. This is because when the vehicle is turning, one wheel is ahead of the other by several centimetres and therefore the setback is negligible. There are some car models with different factory setting for right and left side wheelbase length, for various design reasons. An off-spec setback may occur because of a collision or a difference between right and left caster.

Rake is the difference between the front and rear ride heights, a positive number when the rear ride height is larger.

Measurement
A camera unit (sometimes called a "head") is attached to a specially designed clamp which holds on to a wheel. There are usually four camera units in a wheel alignment system (a camera unit for each wheel). The camera units communicate their physical positioning with respect to other camera units to a central computer, which calculates and displays.

Often with alignment equipment, these "heads" can be a large precision reflector. In this case, the alignment "tower" contains the cameras as well as arrays of LEDs. This system flashes one array of LEDs for each reflector, whilst a camera centrally located in the LED array "looks for" an image of the reflectors patterned face. These cameras perform the same function as the other style of alignment equipment, yet alleviate numerous issues prone to relocating a heavy precision camera assembly on each vehicle serviced.

Camber
Camber is the angle which the vertical axis of the wheel makes with the vertical axis of the vehicle. This angle is very important for the cornering performance of the vehicles. Generally, a Camber around  0.5-2 degrees is given on the vehicles. Depending upon wheel orientation, Camber can be of three types.

1. Positive Camber

The Camber would be called positive when the top of the wheels lean outwards. Positive Camber is generally used in off-road vehicles as it improves steering response and decreases steering effort. Positive Camber is also used in load-carrying vehicles. This is because the heavy load on these vehicles causes outward-leaning wheels to straighten up, improving the vehicle stability.

2. Zero Camber

The vehicle is said to have zero Camber when the wheels stand perfectly straight on the ground.

3. Negative Camber

Negative Camber is encountered when the top of the wheels lean inwards. Providing Negative Camber improves the cornering performance. When the vehicle turns on a corner, it performs a circular motion. Hence, it experiences equal and opposite centripetal &  centrifugal forces. The centripetal force is experienced in the form of friction on tyres. The centrifugal force experienced by the car tries to throw it away from the turning center. This increases the normal reaction on the outer wheels. Due to increase in normal reaction, the frictional force on the outer tyres also increase. This friction acts as centripetal force and tries to bend the outer tires inwards. The tires get deformed due to bending and the contact area between the wheels and the ground decreases. This in turns decreases the frictional force between the outer tires and the ground, causing the vehicle to drift during cornering. Hence a negative Camber is given to the vehicles. The negatively cambered wheels lean inwards. So during cornering when the frictional forces try to deform the outer wheels, they just simply get flat on ground, increasing the friction with the road surface.

Signs of a bad wheel alignment

 * The vehicle pulls to one side
 * The steering wheel does not return to center
 * The steering wheel is off-center
 * Excessive tire wear in certain spots
 * Loose steering

title: Wheel alignment


text: User talk:86.129.65.127

title: User talk:86.129.65.127


text:
Priestly Society of the Holy Cross

The Priestly Society of the Holy Cross is an association of Catholic diocesan priests which is integrally united to the Prelature of Opus Dei.

Part of the society is made up of the clergy of the Opus Dei prelature-members of the priesthood who fall under the jurisdiction of the Opus Dei prelature are automatically members of the Priestly Society. Other members in the society are traditional diocesan priests-clergy who remain under the jurisdiction of their diocesan bishop. Technically speaking, such diocesan priests have not "joined" Opus Dei membership, although they have joined a society that is closely affiliated with Opus Dei.

Foundation and mission
The Priestly Society of the Holy Cross was begun by St. Josemaría Escrivá on 14 February 1943, and received its first canonical approval a few months later. He was always concerned that his message of sanctification of ordinary work be transmitted also to the secular clergy. He even said that he was willing to leave Opus Dei, as Abraham offered up his son Isaac, to be able to help the clergy. But on February 14, 1943, he said he received an illumination from God on how to continue serving both the laity and the diocesan clergy.

During Mass at the women's center of Opus Dei, he was shown the seal of Opus Dei and of the Priestly Society of the Holy Cross: a cross embracing the world. He was also shown the juridical solution to put the two together. The priests would be part of a society united to Opus Dei, but the diocesan priests would continue to be priests of their dioceses, and thus there will be no conflict with the bishops.

The first priests of the Priestly Society were the numerary members of Opus Dei, who as such are automatically members of the Society. The first three priests ordained as members of the Society were: Álvaro del Portillo, José Luis Muzquiz and José María Hernández Garnica.

The need for this type of association has been explained in the following way:

 * As many priests can testify, loneliness can be the most difficult Cross to embrace. However, there are remedies for loneliness, and priests are free to seek for that help upon which their happiness largely relies. Diocesan priests can certainly establish their own support groups for prayer, socializing, exercise, and relaxation. But normally that is not enough. In #29 of the DLMP, the document, echoing the Second Vatican Council (Presbyterorum ordinis, #8) and the Code of Canon Law (C 550, n. 2), highly praises “those associations which support priestly fraternity, sanctity in the exercise of their ministry, and communion with the Bishop and with the entire Church”.

Establishment by Pope John Paul II
According to the Apostolic Constitution Ut sit issued by John Paul II: “From its beginnings, this (Opus Dei) has in fact striven, not only to illuminate with new lights the mission of the laity in the Church and in society, but also to put it into practice; it has also endeavored to put into practice the teaching of the universal call to sanctity, and to promote at all levels of society the sanctification of ordinary work, and by means of ordinary work. Furthermore, through the Priestly Society of the Holy Cross, it has helped diocesan priests to live this teaching, in the exercise of their sacred ministry.”

Through this document, John Paul II, aside from erecting Opus Dei as a personal prelature, also erected the Priestly Society of the Holy Cross “as a priestly Association intrinsically united to the Prelature.”

Composition
It is made up first of all of the clergy of the Prelature who are automatically members. Secondly, it is made up of diocesan priests, deacons, and bishops. Some Opus Dei members also serve as bishops in various dioceses throughout the world, including the United States, Europe, South America, Africa and China. The prelate of Opus Dei is the president of the society.

These diocesan clergy of the Priestly Society are not incardinated into the presbyterate of the Prelature. They depend solely on their bishop and receive spiritual help from the Society to fulfill their priestly duties well.

According to the Annuario Pontificio, there were 1996 priests of the Prelature in the year 2009. John Allen stated there were roughly two thousand diocesan priests who belonged to society who were not clergy of the prelature, thus the total membership of the society is around 4000 priests.

Formation
The priests are given the same formation as the lay faithful of Opus Dei. St. Josemaría always said that he has “the same cooking pot” for his children: classes on doctrine, ascetical formation, spiritual direction, recollections, retreats, etc.

Membership
There are around 4000 priests, bishops and deacons around the world who are members of the Priestly Society of the Holy Cross.

As the official website explains: "Numerary and coadjutor members are drawn from the Prelature's lay faithful (Numeraries and Associates), who receive Holy Orders after the necessary preparation. They are incorporated into the Priestly Society of the Holy Cross upon their ordination as deacons.

title: Priestly Society of the Holy Cross


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User talk:DearPrudence

ArbCom elections are now open!
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ArbCom elections are now open!
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Proposed deletion of Michael Patrick Coyle

The article Michael Patrick Coyle has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "No evidence of notability found for this biography of a living person (composer). The only reference is now dead and was self-submitted: see archived version of 2020 notice, https://web.archive.org/web/20240104233625/https://composersforum.org/members/."

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title: User talk:DearPrudence


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Peter Levene, Baron Levene of Portsoken

Peter Keith Levene, Baron Levene of Portsoken KStJ (born 8 December 1941) is a businessman who was chairman of Lloyd's of London from 2003 until 2011 and Lord Mayor of London from 1998 to 1999.

Education
He was educated at the City of London School and then studied at the University of Manchester where he graduated with a degree in Economics and Political Science.

Life
Lord Levene is chairman of Starr Underwriting Agents Limited. Previously, he served as chairman of Lloyd's of London, the world's leading specialist insurance and reinsurance market, from 2002 to 2011, after having been vice chairman of Deutsche Bank. Prior to this, he held the position of chairman of Bankers Trust International and was formerly with both Morgan Stanley and Wasserstein Perella. He joined United Scientific Holdings in 1963, a small company which grew into a substantial supplier to UK and overseas Ministries of Defence. He eventually rose to the post of chairman of that group, in 1981.

Subsequently, he was asked by the then Secretary of State for Defence, Michael Heseltine, to act as his Personal Advisor in the MoD, and then as Permanent Secretary in the role of Chief of Defence Procurement, a position which he held for six years. As UK National Armaments Director, he was appointed as chairman of the European National Armaments Directors 1989–1990. He thereafter held a number of Government posts, as Advisor to the Secretary of State for the Environment; to the President of the Board of Trade; and to the Chancellor of the Exchequer. He was appointed as Advisor to the Prime Minister (John Major) on Efficiency and Effectiveness from 1992 to 1997, producing a report, Efficiency Scrutiny into Construction Procurement by Government. in 1996. During this period, he also served as chairman of the Docklands Light Railway and then chairman and Chief Executive of Canary Wharf Ltd. He served as a member of the Board of Directors of J Sainsbury plc from 2001 to 2004, and of Total S.A., from 2005 to 2011, and was chairman of General Dynamics UK Ltd until 2019.

He served as an Alderman of the City of London from 1994 to 2012 and as Sheriff of London from 1995 to 1996. He was Lord Mayor of London for the year 1998–99, in which role he presided over the Corporation of the City of London, and supported and promoted London as an international financial centre. He was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE) in the 1989 New Year Honours and was created a Life Peer on 22 July 1997 as Baron Levene of Portsoken, of Portsoken in the City of London; he sits as a crossbencher.

Lord Levene holds three other non-executive directorships in addition to Starr underwriting, as chairman of Tikehau Capital Europe Ltd, and on the boards of Haymarket Media Group, and China Construction Bank. He is a member of the House of Lords Finance Committee and was also a member of the Joint Committee on National Security Strategy. He was appointed by the Secretary of State for Defence in July 2010 to chair the Defence Reform Group, a body set up to review proposals for changes in structure in the UK Ministry of Defence. This body reported in June 2011 and their recommendations are now being implemented. He speaks French, German and Italian.

Family
Lord Levene is married to Wendy, Lady Levene, who is active in many charities. She is a trustee of the Jewish Museum. She had polymyalgia rheumatica and is a trustee of the associated charity, PMRGCA UK. In 1989, she launched HMS Argyll, a Royal Navy warship sponsored by the Worshipful Company of Paviors. They have three children – John Levene, born 1968, Nicole Walsh, born 1969, Tim Levene – born 1973, and ten grandchildren.

Publications

 * Levene, Peter – Send for Levene. Autobiography; introduction by Michael Heseltine. Published 2018 by Nine Elms Books, London. ISBN 9781910533420.

title: Peter Levene, Baron Levene of Portsoken


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Rams

Rams or RAMS may refer to:

 * Male sheep

Places

 * Rams (Ras Al Khaimah), a settlement in the United Arab Emirates

People

 * Dieter Rams, (born 1932), German industrial designer
 * Joaquin Rams, (born 1972), American murderer and suspected serial killer.

Films

 * Rams (2015 film), a 2015 Icelandic drama by Grímur Hákonarson
 * Rams (2018 film), a documentary about German industrial designer Dieter Rams
 * Rams (2020 film), a 2020 Australian remake of the 2015 Icelandic film

Games

 * Rams (card game), a European plain tricking card game related to Nap and Loo; also called Rounce

Sports teams

 * Adelaide Rams, a former Australian rugby league club
 * AFC Croydon Athletic, an English association football club from London
 * Colorado State Rams, the athletic teams of Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
 * Bury Town F.C., an English association football club from Bury St Edmunds
 * Derby County F.C., an English association football club
 * Dewsbury Rams, an English rugby league team
 * Fordham Rams, the athletic teams of Fordham University, New York City, New York, United States
 * Framingham State University, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States, sports teams
 * Greater Sydney Rams, an Australian rugby union team
 * Los Angeles Rams, an American football team (NFL)
 * Nürnberg Rams, an American football team from Nuremberg, Germany
 * Overbrook High School (New Jersey), home of the Rams sports teams
 * Rawalpindi Rams, a Pakistani cricket team
 * Ryerson Rams, the athletic teams of Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
 * Rhode Island Rams, the sports teams of the University of Rhode Island in Kingston, Rhode Island, United States
 * Shepherd University, Shepherdstown, West Virginia, United States sports teams
 * St. John's College (Harare), Zimbabwe, sports teams
 * VCU Rams, the sports teams of Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States

Other uses

 * RAMS Home Loans, an Australian mortgage broker, now a subsidiary of Westpac Bank
 * Regional Atmospheric Modeling System, a collection of atmospheric simulation, data analysis, and visualization software
 * Reliability, availability, maintainability and safety, complementary tools to determine if a system has been designed to satisfy a set of non-functional requirements
 * Research Activity Management System, now the Learning Activity Management System, a free and open-source learning design system for designing, managing and delivering online collaborative learning activities
 * Risk assessment models, risk assessment management system, or risk assessment and method statements, systematic approaches for identifying how to carry out a task in a safe manner
 * Roseville Area Middle School, a Minnesota Middle School

title: Rams


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Talk:Arizona State Route 72

Note
Crosses Central Arizona Project canal. —  P C  B  23:35, 5 May 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Arizona State Route 72


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User talk:CortJstr

Welcome!

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title: User talk:CortJstr


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Blackstone Valley

The Blackstone Valley or Blackstone River Valley is a region of Massachusetts and Rhode Island. It was a major factor in the American Industrial Revolution. It makes up part of the Blackstone River Valley National Heritage Corridor and National Historical Park.

National Heritage Corridor
The John H. Chafee Blackstone River Valley National Heritage Corridor follows the Blackstone Valley from Worcester to Providence, Rhode Island. The corridor follows the course of the Industrial Revolution in America from its origin at the Slater Mill in Pawtucket, Rhode Island as it first spread north along the valley to Worcester, Massachusetts, and then to the rest of the nation.

The region was designated a National Heritage Corridor by Congress in November 1986, composing 25 towns and cities throughout Massachusetts and Rhode Island.

National Historical Park
In 2011, a report recommended the region for National Park status. In 2014, the Blackstone River Valley National Historical Park was established.

Blackstone River
The river is named after William Blackstone (original spelling William Blaxton) who arrived in Weymouth, Massachusetts in 1623, and became the first European settler of present-day Boston in 1625. He relocated again, to Rhode Island in 1635 and built his home on the river, in what would become Cumberland. With the Providence River, the Blackstone was the northeastern border of Dutch claims for New Netherland from Adriaen Block's charting of Narragansett Bay in 1614 through the Hartford Treaty of 1650.

The original Native American name for the river was the "Kittacuck", which meant "the great tidal river". The "Kittacuck", or Blackstone, was plentiful with salmon and lamprey in pre-colonial and colonial times.

In 1790, Samuel Slater opened the first successful water powered cotton mill in America, Slater Mill, at Pawtucket Falls. This mill was powered by the waters of the Blackstone River. Many other mills appeared along the Blackstone River over time making it an important part of American industry. The industrialization also led to the river being identified by the end of the 20th century as the primary source of Narragansett Bay pollution.

Blackstone Canal
The initiative for the canal came from Providence, where a merchant community wished to profit from trade with the farming country of the Blackstone Valley and Worcester County. The people of Worcester and the Blackstone Valley, eager for transport that would enable them to get better prices for their produce, welcomed the plan. However, since the trade of central Massachusetts was at that time going overland through the port of Boston, Massachusetts commercial interests succeeded in stalling the project for several years. Finally, in 1823, the Blackstone Canal Company was organized through an act of the Massachusetts legislature, with a Rhode Island company soon following. The canal's construction may have been motivated by competition among rival industrialists to curtail "water rights".

Construction began in 1825 and cost $750,000 (twice its initial estimate). The canal opened on October 7, 1828, when the packet boat Lady Carrington arrived in Worcester, the first vessel to make the trip. The canal brought immediate prosperity to Worcester and the Valley; farmers' profits increased and mills were built, especially in Worcester. Using water to transport goods was a great improvement over the rough roads of the era. At the time of its construction, it represented the best available transportation technology.

It was a two-day trip for the canal boats from Worcester to Providence and another two-day trip to return to Worcester. The overnight stopping point was in Uxbridge. Boston merchants moved to recapture the trade moving down the canal to Providence, opening a rail line to Worcester in 1835. (Boston merchants opened three railroads in 1835, one to Lowell, one to Worcester, and one to Providence, RI. These were very new technology.) In 1847 the parallel Providence and Worcester Railroad began operation, and the canal closed in 1848.

The canal is listed in the National Register of Historic Places.

Recreation
The Blackstone Valley offers multiple recreation areas for visitors to take advantage of the sights. These sites are:
 * Blackstone River and Canal Heritage State Park in Northbridge and Uxbridge.
 * Douglas State Forest in Douglas.
 * Lincoln Woods State Park in Lincoln.
 * Purgatory Chasm State Reservation in Sutton.
 * Upton State Forest in Upton.

Transportation
Multiple modes of transportation are available that serve the Blackstone Valley.

Roads
Two major roads travel through the region. Route 122 in Massachusetts is known as the Blackstone Canal Heritage Highway. The road travels through many of the region's mill villages. The other major road is Route 146 in Massachusetts and Rhode Island. Upgrades on the Massachusetts side have seen major economic benefits throughout the towns.

Rail
Two MBTA Commuter Rail lines, the Worcester and Providence Lines have stations located within the Blackstone Valley. Both lines provide direct service to Boston's South Station. Providence station is also served by Amtrak trains on the Northeast Corridor, providing service to New York City and beyond.

Demographics
At the 2010 United States Census, the population of the Blackstone Valley was 848,725.

title: Blackstone Valley