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Waynesboro, Georgia

Waynesboro is a city and the county seat of Burke County, Georgia, United States. The population was 5,472 at the 2024 census. It is part of the Augusta, Georgia metropolitan area.

Waynesboro is known as "The Bird Dog Capital of the World". The Waynesboro Commercial Historic District is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

History
Waynesboro is located in Burke County, one of the eight original counties of Georgia. The city was named after General Anthony Wayne, whose daring efforts during the Revolutionary War earned him the nickname "Mad Anthony Wayne".

Although European Americans lived in the area before the Revolutionary War, the town was not laid out until 1783. The city was officially incorporated in 1883 as Waynesborough. The name was changed to Waynesboro sometime after. It developed as the trading and government center of the county, and is the site of the county courthouse and jail.

President George Washington spent the night of May 17, 1791, in Waynesboro. A stone monument on Liberty Street marks the historical site; it stands in front of the Golden Pantry (formerly Kwik Stop).

On December 4, 1864, the Civil War Battle of Waynesboro was fought just south of the town. Forces under Union General Judson Kilpatrick prevented troops led by Confederate General Joseph Wheeler from interfering with Union General William T. Sherman's campaign to destroy a wide swathe of the South on his march to Savannah, Georgia, and the Atlantic Ocean.

Geography
Waynesboro is located in the center of Burke County at 33.09056°N, -82.01528°W (33.090482, -82.015404). U.S. Route 25 bypasses the city on the east side, while State Route 121 passes through the center as Liberty Street. To the north it is 28 mi to downtown Augusta, and to the south it is 49 mi to Statesboro.

According to the United States Census Bureau, Waynesboro has a total area of 14.2 sqkm, of which 14.0 sqkm is land and 0.1 sqkm, or 0.96%, is water. The city's elevation is 295 ft above sea level. Pine, oak, dogwood, and other trees found in the South are in Waynesboro.

Demographics
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 5,799 people, 1,991 households, and 1,339 families residing in the city.

Nuclear power plant
On February 2, 2010, President Obama was expected to announce a total of $8.3 billion in federal loan guarantees to build and operate a pair of nuclear reactors in Burke County by Southern Company, an Atlanta-based energy company. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) offered Southern Company's subsidiary, Georgia Power, a conditional commitment for loan guarantees for the construction of the nation's first nuclear power units in more than 30 years. The new units will be located at Plant Vogtle along the Savannah River 21 mi east of Waynesboro, where the company already owns and operates two nuclear units. The conditional commitment is for loan guarantees that would apply to future borrowings related to the construction of Vogtle units 3 and 4.

Arts and culture
The Burke County Museum traces the area's history, from plantation life to the establishment of agribusiness.

Burke County School District
K-12 public education in Waynesboro is managed by Burke County Public Schools, with one high school, one middle school, two elementary/one primary school, and one alternative school and four private schools. Private Schools
 * SGA Elementary School (Pre k-5)
 * Blakeney Elementary School (3-5)
 * Waynesboro Primary School (pre K-2)
 * Burke County Middle School (6-8)
 * Burke County High School (9-12)
 * Burke County Alternative School (6-12)
 * Faith Christian Academy (pre K-12)
 * Edmund Burke Academy (Pre K-12)
 * Waynesboro Mennonite School (1-12)

Burke County Bears
Waynesboro is the home to the Burke County Bears high school sports teams. The Bears won the 2011 state football championship against the Trojans of Peach County. Back in the 1950s, the former Waynesboro High School team, the Purple Hurricanes, won the state championship, but the Bears had not won a state championship football game until 2011.

Higher education

 * Augusta Technical College, Waynesboro campus

Notable people

 * Jonathan Broxton, Major League Baseball player
 * Wycliffe Gordon, jazz trombonist
 * Cornelius Washington, NFL player
 * Robert Lee Scott, Jr., World War II fighter ace
 * Beau Jack, born Sidney Walker, Boxing World Champion Boxer

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Waynesboro, Georgia


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Nick Galloway

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was speedy deleted as per WP:CSD clause A7. Hall Monitor 20:02, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

Nick Galloway
This article is about a 17 year old website administrator. I'm fairly certain he doesn't meet Wikipedia's notability requirements. Scimitar parley 16:48, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. For some reason, I seem to remember this article being created before? Sdedeo 16:59, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. In fact, I can't see the reason why it isn't speedy under WP:CSD Articles 7. Sliggy 17:07, August 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete: Agree with Sliggy. Qualifies for Articles (7). --Durin 17:17, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * speedy delete Under CSD A7 and I have so tagged it. DES (talk) 17:29, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I certainly won't argue a speedy; I was just hesitant to tag it because some might claim that the website administrator bit is a claim at notability. In hindsight, this argument seems foolish.--Scimitar parley 19:26, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Speedy delete as per WP:CSD A7. Hall Monitor 19:58, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:Esalen Institute

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Biancaalvarez, Bmondragon3, Rgarciacano3, Briandances, Ppallavi20.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 08:47, 18 January 2022 (UTC)

Look into Sequoia Seminars
Dr Harold Rathbun organized the Sequoia Seminars (1960 or somewaht before), which influenced the founders of the Esalen Institute (E.I.). There's a connection with Gerald Heard, a philosopher,author and renowned lecturer.

Aldous Huxley, a friend of Heard's and much influenced by him, was involved early on with E.I. The shared interest among all these persons was "human potentials", a new term at the time. 162.245.240.162 (talk) 20:11, 15 August 2023 (UTC)

Callahan: 'Manual ...'
The book is questionable. The book does not cite any sources in the actual text, and there is no bibliography of the basic sources that were used.
 * Callahan, John F. (editor). Manual of Gestalt Practice in the Tradition of Dick Price, The Gestalt Legacy Project. September 2009. ISBN 978-1-304-96247-8 2003:E4:174C:B594:C4E7:DBEB:EE14:CC00 (talk) 07:44, 18 April 2024 (UTC)
 * Indeed – it's also self-published. I've removed it again. Wham2001 (talk) 06:13, 24 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Esalen Institute


text:
User:Ranger0099

hi.

title: User:Ranger0099


text:
Protein tag

Protein tags are peptide sequences genetically grafted onto a recombinant protein. Tags are attached to proteins for various purposes. They can be added to either end of the target protein, so they are either C-terminus or N-terminus specific or are both C-terminus and N-terminus specific. Some tags are also inserted at sites within the protein of interest; they are known as internal tags.

Affinity tags are appended to proteins so that they can be purified from their crude biological source using an affinity technique. Affinity tags include chitin binding protein (CBP), maltose binding protein (MBP), Strep-tag and glutathione-S-transferase (GST). The poly(His) tag is a widely used protein tag, which binds to matrices bearing immobilized metal ions.

Solubilization tags are used, especially for recombinant proteins expressed in species such as E. coli, to assist in the proper folding in proteins and keep them from aggregating in inclusion bodies. These tags include thioredoxin (TRX) and poly(NANP). Some affinity tags have a dual role as a solubilization agent, such as MBP and GST.

Chromatography tags are used to alter chromatographic properties of the protein to afford different resolution across a particular separation technique. Often, these consist of polyanionic amino acids, such as FLAG-tag or polyglutamate tag.

Epitope tags are short peptide sequences which are chosen because high-affinity antibodies can be reliably produced in many different species. These are usually derived from viral genes, which explain their high immunoreactivity. Epitope tags include ALFA-tag, V5-tag, Myc-tag, HA-tag, Spot-tag, T7-tag and NE-tag. These tags are particularly useful for western blotting, immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation experiments, although they also find use in antibody purification.

Fluorescence tags are used to give visual readout on a protein. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) and its variants are the most commonly used fluorescence tags. More advanced applications of GFP include using it as a folding reporter (fluorescent if folded, colorless if not).

Protein tags may allow specific enzymatic modification (such as biotinylation by biotin ligase) or chemical modification (such as coupling to other proteins through SpyCatcher or reaction with FlAsH-EDT2 for fluorescence imaging). Often tags are combined, in order to connect proteins to multiple other components. However, with the addition of each tag comes the risk that the native function of the protein may be compromised by interactions with the tag. Therefore, after purification, tags are sometimes removed by specific proteolysis (e.g. by TEV protease, Thrombin, Factor Xa or Enteropeptidase) or intein splicing.

List of protein tags
(See Proteinogenic amino acid for the A-Z amino-acid codes)

Peptide tags

 * ALFA-tag, a de novo designed helical peptide tag (SRLEEELRRRLTE) for biochemical and microscopy applications. The tag is recognized by a repertoire of single-domain antibodies
 * AviTag, a peptide allowing biotinylation by the enzyme BirA and so the protein can be isolated by streptavidin (GLNDIFEAQKIEWHE)
 * C-tag, a peptide that binds to a single-domain camelid antibody developed through phage display (EPEA)
 * Calmodulin-tag, a peptide bound by the protein calmodulin (KRRWKKNFIAVSAANRFKKISSSGAL)
 * iCapTag™ (intein Capture Tag), a self-removing peptide-based tag (MIKIATRKYLGKQNVYGIGVERDHNFALKNGFIAHN). The iCapTag™ is controlled by pH change (typically pH 8.5 to pH 6.2). Therefore, this technology can be adapted to a wide range of buffers adjusted to the target pH values of 8.5 and 6.2. The expected purity of target proteins or peptides is between 95-99%. The iCapTag™ contains patented component derived from Nostoc punctiforme (Npu) intein. This tag is used for protein purification of recombinant proteins and its fragments. It can be used in research labs and it is intended for large-scale purification during downstream manufacturing process as well. The iCapTag™-target protein complex can be expressed in a wide range of expression hosts (e.g. CHO and E.coli cells). It is not intended for fully expressed mAbs
 * polyglutamate tag, a peptide binding efficiently to anion-exchange resin such as Mono-Q (EEEEEE)
 * polyarginine tag, a peptide binding efficiently to cation-exchange resin (from 5 to 9 consecutive R)
 * E-tag, a peptide recognized by an antibody (GAPVPYPDPLEPR)
 * FLAG-tag, a peptide recognized by an antibody (DYKDDDDK)
 * HA-tag, a peptide from hemagglutinin recognized by an antibody (YPYDVPDYA)
 * His-tag, 5-10 histidines bound by a nickel or cobalt chelate (HHHHHH)
 * Gly-His-tags are N-terminal His-Tag variants (e.g. GHHHH, or GHHHHHH, or GSSHHHHHH) that still bind to immobilised metal cations but can also be activated via azidogluconoylation to enable click-chemistry applications
 * Myc-tag, a peptide derived from c-myc recognized by an antibody (EQKLISEEDL)
 * NE-tag, an 18-amino-acid synthetic peptide (TKENPRSNQEESYDDNES) recognized by a monoclonal IgG1 antibody, which is useful in a wide spectrum of applications including Western blotting, ELISA, flow cytometry, immunocytochemistry, immunoprecipitation, and affinity purification of recombinant proteins
 * Rho1D4-tag, refers to the last 9 amino acids of the intracellular C-terminus of bovine rhodopsin (TETSQVAPA). It is a very specific tag that can be used for purification of membrane proteins.
 * S-tag, a peptide derived from Ribonuclease A (KETAAAKFERQHMDS)
 * SBP-tag, a peptide which binds to streptavidin (MDEKTTGWRGGHVVEGLAGELEQLRARLEHHPQGQREP)
 * Softag 1, for mammalian expression (SLAELLNAGLGGS)
 * Softag 3, for prokaryotic expression (TQDPSRVG)
 * Spot-tag, a peptide recognized by a nanobody (PDRVRAVSHWSS) for immunoprecipitation, affinity purification, immunofluorescence and super resolution microscopy
 * Strep-tag, a peptide which binds to streptavidin or the modified streptavidin called streptactin (Strep-tag II: WSHPQFEK)
 * T7-tag, an epitope tag derived from the T7 major capsid protein of the T7 gene (MASMTGGQQMG). Used in different immunoassays as well as affinity purification Mainly used
 * TC tag, a tetracysteine tag that is recognized by FlAsH and ReAsH biarsenical compounds (CCPGCC)
 * Ty tag (EVHTNQDPLD)
 * V5 tag, a peptide recognized by an antibody (GKPIPNPLLGLDST)
 * VSV-tag, a peptide recognized by an antibody (YTDIEMNRLGK)
 * Xpress tag (DLYDDDDK), a peptide recognized by an antibody

Covalent peptide tags

 * Isopeptag, a peptide which binds covalently to pilin-C protein (TDKDMTITFTNKKDAE)
 * SpyTag, a peptide which binds covalently to SpyCatcher protein (AHIVMVDAYKPTK)
 * SnoopTag, a peptide which binds covalently to SnoopCatcher protein (KLGDIEFIKVNK). A second generation, SnoopTagJr, was also developed to bind to either SnoopCatcher or DogTag (mediated by SnoopLigase) (KLGSIEFIKVNK)
 * DogTag, a peptide which covalently binds to DogCatcher (DIPATYEFTDGKHYITNEPIPPK), and can also covalently bind to SnoopTagJr, mediated by SnoopLigase
 * SdyTag, a peptide which binds covalently to SdyCatcher protein (DPIVMIDNDKPIT). SdyTag/SdyCatcher has a kinetic-dependent cross-reactivity with SpyTag/SpyCatcher.

Protein tags

 * BCCP (Biotin Carboxyl Carrier Protein), a protein domain biotinylated by BirA enabling recognition by streptavidin
 * BromoTag, a "bump-and-hole" mutated version of the second bromodomain of Brd4, Brd4-BD2 L387A, that can be highly selectively bound by tag-specific PROTAC degrader AGB1 to form a ternary complex between the "BromoTagged" protein and the E3 ligase VHL, leading to ubiquitination of the tagged protein and its subsequent rapid and effective proteasomal degradation in cells.
 * FAST (Fluorescence-Activating and absorption-Shifting Tag), a mutated photoactive yellow protein (PYP) that reversibly binds cognate fluorogenic ligands
 * CL7-tag, an engineered variant of Colicin E7 that has a strong binding affinity and specificity for immobilized Immunity Protein 7 (Im7).
 * Glutathione-S-transferase-tag, a protein which binds to immobilized glutathione
 * Green fluorescent protein-tag, a protein which is spontaneously fluorescent and can be bound by nanobodies
 * HaloTag, a mutated bacterial haloalkane dehalogenase that covalently attaches to haloalkane substrates
 * SNAP-tag, a mutated eukaryotic DNA methyltransferase that covalently attaches to benzylguanine derivatives
 * CLIP-tag, a mutated eukaryotic DNA methyltransferase that covalently attaches to benzylcytosine derivatives
 * HUH-tag, a sequence-specific single-stranded DNA binding protein that covalently binds to its target sequence
 * Maltose binding protein-tag, a protein which binds to amylose agarose
 * Nus-tag
 * Thioredoxin-tag
 * Fc-tag, derived from immunoglobulin Fc domain, allow dimerization and solubilization. Can be used for purification on Protein-A Sepharose
 * Designed Intrinsically Disordered tags containing disorder promoting amino acids (P,E,S,T,A,Q,G,..)
 * Carbohydrate Recognition Domain or CRDSAT-tag, a protein which binds to lactose agarose or Sepharose

Others
HiBiT-tag was developed by Scientists at Promega. It is an 11-amino-acid peptide tag, and it can be fused to the N- or C-terminus or internal locations of proteins. Its small size leads to a rapid knock-in of this tag with other proteins through CRISPR/Cas9 technology.

Applications

 * Affinity purification
 * Protein array
 * TimeSTAMP protein labelling
 * Western blotting

title: Protein tag


text: Category:Regions of Denmark

title: Category:Regions of Denmark


text:
User talk:Jammoe

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, you can post to the help desk or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! - UtherSRG (talk) 16:50, August 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Ron Paul
I'm not sure where you got the idea that Ron Paul's supporters don't support his positions. Maybe the left-right dichotomy you're thinking about isn't entirely applicable. Maybe the statist-individualist difference is more pertinent. -LisaLiel (talk) 20:48, 7 March 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jammoe


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kerry Sulkowicz

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. R e  dwolf24  (talk) 02:05, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

Kerry Sulkowicz
Vanity page of a psychiatrist. delete Tokek 16:51, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, non-notable. Sdedeo 17:00, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete; adv, van | Celcius 21:59, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Alabama gravy soppers

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. R e  dwolf24  (talk) 01:58, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

Alabama gravy soppers
Band vanity. Bobdoe (Talk) 16:51, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Transwiki to Skwik. Try that for a change. Alf 21:19, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete and wtf? --Phroziac (talk) 01:57, August 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Eric Radloff

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. R e  dwolf24  (talk) 02:18, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

Eric Radloff
Del hoax, sitting here since 5 July 2004. Shall we start a hall of fame Ten longest survived hoaxes in wikipiedia? mikka (t) 16:53, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * No googles outside WP mirrors is highly unlikely for "one of the most prolific Russian songwriters". Delete unless these claims are substantiated. Meelar (talk) 18:17, August 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete not substantiated--Isotope23 18:33, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, there's no such "famous Russian singer" in Russia. KNewman 18:58, August 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per mikka, KNewman -  Introvert   talk  19:06, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * del --Irpen 21:08, August 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete It's unlikely to result, but I've encouraged the original editor to comment here :) Alf 21:54, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. The history page is pretty hilarious too -- a lot of well-meaning wikians cleaned this thing up.  I'm going through now and verifying all of the editor's original articles. Huh.  All his other articles appear to be factual and in good faith, ranging from spelling corrections to reversing vandalism to expanding the history of Constantine.  JDoorjam 01:19, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete --Ghirlandajo 18:29, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User talk:Vivafelis

RU and UA portals at Wikipedia
Hello and welcome. You might be interested to check out the Russia portal and the Ukraine portal here at WP, check the links from there and, especially check the notice boards on both and add them to your watchlist. There are two important notice boards at each portal: for new article announcements and for general UA/RU related announcements. Cheers, --Irpen 16:53, August 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the information. I certainly appreciate it. - Vivafelis 16:57, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

You are welcome and thanks again for your contributions. The most active board at the portals are: Also, a new worthy project (IMO) is Eastern European Wikipedians' notice board. Cheers, --Irpen 17:09, August 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Wikiportal/Russia/New article announcements
 * Wikiportal/Ukraine/New article announcements

=Translation request from Basque=

Original request
I hope that you can help me. On this page is a section of text in Euskara (Basque) that reads: Artzai Txikiyak eman biaizkit lau bat arrazoi fuertiak: ire ardiyak nere soruan eiten dituzten kaltiak, iru lau aldiz eman zizkatek punta berriyai kortiak... itxiko dizkat zelaiko langak eta zelaiko atiak! I was wondering if you could translate this to English (Portuguese, Ukrainian, Spanish, or Russian) for me. I am specifically interested in the word "kortiak" at the end of the sixth line. Any help greatly appreciated. Vivafelis 20:29, 9 September 2005 (UTC)

Scotstvo
''I hope that you can help me. On this page is a section of text in Euskara (Basque) that reads:

Artzai Txikiyak ...eta zelaiko atiak!

''I was wondering if you could translate this to English (or Portuguese or Ukrainian) for me. I am specifically interested in the word "kortiak" at the end of the sixth line. Any help greatly appreciated. Vivafelis 20:29, 9 September 2005 (UTC)''

I'm sorry, I am completely unable to help you with that. Even a Google search for was a Googlewhack! You might to well to check out the Basque-language Wikipedia and perhaps ask a native speaker of Basque with a knowledge of English to assist you. The only thing I can tell you is that '-ak' is often a plural ending, so the word you're looking for may already have undergone some morphological chicanery. Good luck! --Scotstvo 08:00, 10 September 2005 (UTC)

Error

 * I don't see a relation to Wikipedia work. Anyhow, it could be a Hispanism for cortes, that means either "cuts" or one of several Spanish parliaments.
 * three or four times [give (an inflected form that I don't understand, they-to thee-them?)]
 * to the new points/tips Cortes/cuts...
 * I don't understand that dialect.
 * --Error 23:15, 11 September 2005 (UTC)

Willy
Yes, the word kortia as posted Error is from spanish corte (cut) as fuertia is from fuerte (here meaning good reasons). That use of spanish words (or gramatical constructions) is called erderakada in euskera and the bertsolari use them because of the need of rhyme, remember he is improvising.

Sorry if the translation is not good but I don´t know more english nor better :( Guillermo

title: User talk:Vivafelis


text: Template:UShighway-stub

title: Template:UShighway-stub


text:
Professional and Amateur Pinball Association

The Professional and Amateur Pinball Association (PAPA) is an organization supporting the game of pinball as a recreational and competitive sport. PAPA is currently a brand owned and operated by the Replay Foundation and is based in the Pittsburgh area.

The main activity of the organization is hosting the annual World Pinball Championships and Pinburgh Match-Play Championship. Each event brings hundreds of serious pinball players from around the world to compete for a number of large cash prizes. The World Pinball Championships run for four days and allow competitors to register in different divisions which accommodate beginners and skilled players alike. Each occurrence of the World Pinball Championships has been denoted by a number; for example, the 2010 tournament is known as PAPA 13.

The Pinburgh Match-Play Championship resurrects the name given to a previous Pittsburgh-area pinball tournament, and has a different structure. Players pay one entry fee and compete in multiple rounds directly against other players for two days, before a day of finals is played in three divisions, along with a consolation tournament for players who do not make the finals.

History
PAPA was originally created by Roger Sharpe, author of the book PINBALL! (E.P. Dutton 1977) and Steve Epstein, owner of the former Broadway Arcade in Manhattan. PAPA 6 was the last tournament organized under his tenure. The PAPA organization was transferred to Kevin Martin in January 2004 and its moniker applied to the pinball tournaments formerly held under the name of Pinburgh; PAPA 7 was the first of these, held in 2004.

In September 2004, shortly after PAPA 7, the remnants of Hurricane Ivan flooded the tournament area, ruining more than 200 games. However, the organizers managed to restock and rebuild in time to host PAPA 8 in 2005.

In November 2020, the Replay Foundation announced that it is discontinuing its events and use of the PAPA brand indefinitely, due to the pandemic.

Tournament format
The format of the World Pinball Championships has changed over time. In the current format, players declare a division (A, B, or C, with A being the most skilled) and may enter as many times as they like, paying entry fees each time they choose to play. During an entry, a player will choose and play a certain number of games from a predetermined bank of machines (for example, five out of a possible nine machines). Each game score is assigned a point value based on how it compares to all of the other entries on that same machine: 100 points for the highest score, down to 1 point for 88th place, and 0 points for all lower scores. This point value may decrease over time as more games are played by everyone. An entry's overall score is the sum of these point values; thus, it too can decrease over time.

A player's best entry over the course of the qualifying period determines the player's qualifying score, and the qualifying scores are used to determine the rank of each player. A player's rank may go up or down, even without continuing to play more entries. There is a fair amount of strategy that can be employed to deal with this.

At the end of the qualifying period (typically several days), the top-ranked players in each division (the actual number varies) compete in a head-to-head, bracketed format to determine the winners.

The tournament also includes a Juniors division (16 years or younger), a Seniors division (50 years or older), and a Classics division that runs on multiple days of the event. In 2014, the Juniors division was changed to be three tournaments run on consecutive days, similar to the Classics division.

In 2015 a D division was added, specifically targeting very new players who had only played a limited amount of competitive pinball. In order to qualify for D division, a player needed to have a world ranking of 7500 or lower.

In 2018 and 2019, the Women's International Pinball Tournament (WIPT) was added in parallel to the Pinburgh event at Replay FX, utilizing the Pinburgh format.

Tournament machine configurations
If possible, the game software of each machine is put into tournament mode. Typically, this means that the rules will avoid giving random awards, so that scores reflect mostly skill and not luck. Also, extra balls are disabled if the software supports it.

The physical setup of the machines is also configured to make things as challenging as possible. This can be done in a number of ways, for example:
 * Adjusting or removing outlane posts, which make the side drain gaps larger.
 * Increasing the playfield angle (by adjusting the legs on the cabinet). This increases ball speed and makes it more difficult to make shots in the back of the playfield.
 * Making the "tilt" mechanism more strict, allowing less nudging and shaking of the machine.

List of tournament winners
Pinburgh Match-Play
 * Pinburgh 2011 – Keith Elwin (USA) – (3/20/2011 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * Pinburgh 2012 – Adam Becker (CAN) – (4/1/2012 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * Pinburgh 2013 – Keith Elwin (USA) – (4/11/2013 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * Pinburgh 2014 – Jim Belsito (USA) – (3/30/2014 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * Pinburgh 2015 – Zach Sharpe (USA) – (8/2/2015 – David L. Lawrence Convention Center, Pittsburgh, PA)
 * Pinburgh 2016 – Keith Elwin (USA) – (7/30/2016 – David L. Lawrence Convention Center, Pittsburgh, PA)
 * Pinburgh 2017 – Colin MacAlpine (USA) – (7/29/2017 – David L. Lawrence Convention Center, Pittsburgh, PA)
 * Pinburgh 2018 – Keith Elwin (USA) – (7/28/2018 – David L. Lawrence Convention Center, Pittsburgh, PA)
 * Pinburgh 2019 – Keith Elwin (USA) – (8/3/2019 – David L. Lawrence Convention Center, Pittsburgh, PA)

A Division
 * PAPA 1 – Joey Cartagena (USA)  – (2/2/1991 – Lone Star Roadhouse, New York, NY)
 * PAPA 2 – Rick Stetta (USA)     – (2/2/1992 – Lone Star Roadhouse, New York, NY)
 * PAPA 3 – Lyman Sheats (USA)    – (2/13/1993 – Omni Park Central Hotel, New York, NY)
 * PAPA 4 – Bowen Kerins (USA)    – (2/8/1994 – Omni Park Central Hotel, New York, NY)
 * PAPA 5 – Paul Madison (USA)    – (2/5/1995 – Omni Park Central Hotel, New York, NY)
 * PAPA 6 – Keith Elwin (USA)     – (2/8/1998 – Sahara Hotel, Las Vegas, NV)
 * PAPA 7 – Lyman Sheats (USA)    – (9/12/2004 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 8 – Bowen Kerins (USA)    – (8/14/2005 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 9 – Lyman Sheats (USA)    – (8/20/2006 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 10 – Jorian Engelbrektsson (SWE) – (10/14/2007 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 11 – Keith Elwin (USA) – (8/17/2008 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 12 – Keith Elwin (USA) – (8/16/2009 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 13 – Keith Elwin (USA) – (8/15/2010 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 14 – Andrei Massenkoff (USA) – (8/14/2011 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 15 – Keith Elwin (USA) – (8/12/2012 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 16 – Bowen Kerins (USA) – (8/11/2013 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 17 – Cayle George (USA) – (8/17/2014 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 18 – Keith Elwin (USA) – (3/15/2015 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 19 – Robert Gagno (CAN) – (4/10/2016 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 20 – Escher Lefkoff (USA) – (4/9/2017 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)

B Division
 * PAPA 3 – A.J. Fried (USA)     – (2/13/1993 – Omni Park Central Hotel, New York, NY)
 * PAPA 4 – Kevin Kulek (USA)     – (2/8/1994 – Omni Park Central Hotel, New York, NY)
 * PAPA 5 – Dominic Nardini (USA)    – (February 3–5, 1995 – Omni Park Central Hotel, New York, NY)
 * PAPA 6 – Tim Morse (USA)       – (2/8/1998 – Sahara Hotel, Las Vegas, NV)
 * PAPA 7 – Andrei Massenkoff (USA) – (9/12/2004 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 8 – Helena Walter (SWE)   – (8/14/2005 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 9 – Darren Kamnitzer (USA) – (8/20/2006 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 10 – Adam Becker (CAN)    – (10/14/2007 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 11 – Maurice Pelletier (CAN) – (8/17/2008 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 12 – Ed Zeltmann (USA) – (8/16/2009 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 13 – Joshua Henderson (USA) – (8/15/2010 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 14 – Dave Hegge (USA) – (8/14/2011 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 15 – Johnny Modica (USA) – (8/12/2012 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 16 – John Flitton (CAN) – (8/11/2013 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 17 – Rod Lawrence (USA) – (8/17/2014 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 18 – Joseph Lemire (USA) – (3/15/2015 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 19 – Steve Zumoff (USA) – (4/10/2016 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 20 – Jordan Tredaway (Australia) – (4/9/2017 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)

C Division
 * PAPA 4 – Sam Ryan (USA)        – (2/8/1994 – Omni Park Central Hotel, New York, NY)
 * PAPA 5 – Steve Walker (USA)    – (February 3–5, 1995 – Omni Park Central Hotel, New York, NY)
 * PAPA 6 – Steve Marsh (USA)     – (2/8/1998 – Sahara Hotel, Las Vegas, NV)
 * PAPA 7 – Russ Wallis (USA)     – (9/12/2004 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 8 – Jory Rabinovitz (USA) – (8/14/2005 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 9 – Mark Salas (USA)      – (8/20/2006 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 10 – Johnny Modica (USA) – (10/14/2007 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 11 – Mike Clinton (CAN) – (8/17/2008 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 12 – Blair Love (USA) – (8/16/2009 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 13 – Seth Lettofsky (USA) – (8/15/2010 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 14 – Chuck Jackson (USA) – (8/14/2011 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 15 – Jay Collins (USA) – (8/12/2012 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 16 – Nick Campbell (USA) – (8/11/2013 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 17 – Jack Benson (USA) – (8/17/2014 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 18 – Levi Nayman (USA) – (3/15/2015 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 19 – Lewis Bevans (USA) – (4/10/2016 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 20 – Bayless Rutherford (USA) – (4/9/2017 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)

D Division
 * PAPA 18 – Mike Hovraluck (USA) – (3/15/2015 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 19 – Alex Fruzynski (USA) – (4/10/2016 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 20 – Blake Wood (USA) – (4/9/2017 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)

Junior Division
 * PAPA 5 – Joshua Sharpe (USA)  -  (2/5/1995 – Omni Park Central Hotel, New York, NY)
 * PAPA 6 – Zachary Sharpe (USA)  – (2/8/1998 – Sahara Hotel, Las Vegas, NV)
 * PAPA 7 – Jake Prince (USA)     – (9/12/2004 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 8 – Matt Hogue (USA)      – (8/14/2005 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 9 – Ethan Blonder (USA)   – (8/20/2006 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 10 – Ethan Blonder (USA) – (10/14/2007 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 11 – Ethan Blonder (USA) – (8/17/2008 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 12 – Justin Ortscheid (USA) – (8/16/2009 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 13 – Justin Ortscheid (USA) – (8/15/2010 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 14 – Escher Lefkoff (USA) – (8/14/2011 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 15 – Joshua Henderson (USA) – (8/12/2012 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 16 – Escher Lefkoff (USA) – (8/11/2013 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 17 – Juniors 1 – Escher Lefkoff (USA) – (8/14/2014 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 17 – Juniors 2 – Escher Lefkoff (USA) – (8/15/2014 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 17 – Juniors 3 – Escher Lefkoff (USA) – (8/16/2014 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 18 – Juniors 1 – Jason Zahler (USA) – (3/12/2015 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 18 – Juniors 2 – Escher Lefkoff (USA) – (3/13/2015 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 18 – Juniors 3 – Jason Zahler (USA) – (3/14/2015 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 19 – Juniors 1 – Aleksander Kaczmarczyk (USA) – (4/7/2016 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 19 – Juniors 2 – Gregory Kennedy (USA) – (4/8/2016 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 19 – Juniors 3 – Ciaran Bernard (USA) – (4/9/2016 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)

Senior Division
 * PAPA 7 – Ed Hershey (USA) – (9/12/2004 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 8 – Ed Hershey (USA) – (8/14/2004 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 9 – Rick Prince (USA) – (8/20/2006 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 10 – John Reuter (USA) – (10/14/2007 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 11 – Ed Hershey (USA) – (8/17/2008 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 12 – Rick Prince (USA) – (8/16/2009 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 13 – Rick Prince (USA) – (8/15/2010 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 14 – Dave Hegge (USA) – (8/14/2011 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 15 – Paul McGlone (USA) – (8/12/2012 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 16 – Dave Hegge (USA) – (8/11/2013 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 17 – Steve Walker (USA) – (8/16/2014 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 18 – Robert Sutter (CHE) – (3/14/2015 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 19 – Phil Harmon (USA) – (4/9/2016 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)

Classics Division
 * PAPA 7 – Classics 1 – Keith Elwin (USA) – (9/10/2004 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 7 – Classics 2 – Steven Epstein (USA) – (9/11/2004 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 8 – Classics 1 – Ed Hershey (USA) – (8/12/2005 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 8 – Classics 2 – Keith Elwin (USA) – (8/13/2005 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 9 – Classics 1 – Neil Shatz (USA) – (8/18/2006 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 9 – Classics 2 – Keith Elwin (USA) – (8/19/2006 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 10 – Classics 1 – Rick Prince (USA) – (10/12/2007 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 10 – Classics 2 – Bowen Kerins (USA) – (10/13/2007 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 11 – Classics 1 – Neil Shatz (USA) – (8/15/2008 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 11 – Classics 2 – Adam Lefkoff (USA) – (8/16/2008 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 12 – Classics 1 – Bowen Kerins (USA) – (8/14/2009 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 12 – Classics 2 – Keith Johnson (USA) – (8/15/2009 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 13 – Classics 1 – Dave Hegge (USA) – (8/13/2010 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 13 – Classics 2 – Josh Sharpe (USA) – (8/14/2010 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 14 – Classics 1 – Trent Augenstein (USA) – (8/12/2011 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 14 – Classics 2 – Robert Gagno (CAN) – (8/13/2011 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 14 – Classics 3 – Keith Elwin (USA) – (8/14/2011 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 15 – Classics 1 – Zach Sharpe (USA) – (8/12/2012 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 15 – Classics 2 – Lyman F Sheats Jr (USA) – (8/12/2012 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 15 – Classics 3 – Zach Sharpe (USA) – (8/12/2012 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 16 – Classics 1 – Frank Romero (USA) – (8/8/2013 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 16 – Classics 2 – Daniele Acciari (ITA) – (8/9/2013 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 16 – Classics 3 – Eden Stamm (CAN) – (8/10/2013 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 17 – Classics 1 – Bowen Kerins (USA) – (8/14/2014 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 17 – Classics 2 – Cayle George (USA) – (8/15/2014 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 17 – Classics 3 – Keith Elwin (USA) – (8/16/2014 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 18 – Classics 1 – Andy Rosa (USA) – (3/12/2015 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 18 – Classics 2 – Mats Runsten (SWE) – (3/13/2015 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 18 – Classics 3 – Jerry Bernard (USA) – (3/14/2015 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 19 – Classics 1 – Bowen Kerins (USA) – (4/7/2016 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 19 – Classics 2 – Keith Elwin (USA) – (4/8/2016 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 19 – Classics 3 – Bowen Kerins (USA) – (4/9/2016 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 20 – Classics 1 – Zach Sharpe (USA) – (4/6/2017 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 20 – Classics 2 – Greg DeFeo (USA) – (4/7/2017 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 20 – Classics 3 – David Riel (USA) – (4/8/2017 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)

Split Flipper Division
 * PAPA 18 – Josh Sharpe (USA) & Zach Sharpe (USA) – (3/14/2015 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)
 * PAPA 19 – Brett Goodwin (AU) & Naiomi Goodwin (AU) – (4/9/2016 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)

Women's Division
 * PAPA 4 – Ellen Frankel (USA)        – (2/8/1994 – Omni Park Central Hotel, New York, NY)
 * PAPA 5 – Natalie Baker (USA)    – (February 3–5, 1995 – Omni Park Central Hotel, New York, NY)
 * PAPA 6 - Alysa Parks (USA) – (2/8/1998 – Sahara Hotel, Las Vegas, NV)
 * PAPA 19 – Sunshine Bon (USA) – (4/9/2016 – PAPA World Headquarters, Scott Township, PA)


text: User talk:84.122.96.19

title: User talk:84.122.96.19


text:
Talk:Unguarded (Amy Grant album)

Fair use rationale for Image:D cover Unguarded.jpg
Image:D cover Unguarded.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 23:14, 2 June 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Unguarded.jpg
Image:Unguarded.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 15:50, 4 June 2007 (UTC)
 * fair use rationale was added today Antmusic 17:49, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Everywhere I Go.ogg
Image:Everywhere I Go.ogg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 20:13, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Find A Way.ogg
The image Image:Find A Way.ogg is used in this article under a claim of fair use, but it does not have an adequate explanation for why it meets the requirements for such images when used here. In particular, for each page the image is used on, it must have an explanation linking to that page which explains why it needs to be used on that page. Please check

 * That there is a non-free use rationale on the image's description page for the use in this article.
 * That this article is linked to from the image description page.

This is an automated notice by FairuseBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. --05:48, 11 September 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Unguarded. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20090202112516/http://www.sparrowrecords.com:80/news/news_detail_page.aspx?id=527739&tid=227 to http://www.sparrowrecords.com/news/news_detail_page.aspx?id=527739&tid=227

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 04:47, 29 February 2016 (UTC)

Requested move 24 April 2016

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: not moved.  Event horizon51  (talk) 02:43, 28 May 2016 (UTC)

Unguarded (Amy Grant album) → Unguarded – This RM is partially to solve a dispute at Unguarded (a dab page). keeps adding only-two-dabs to Unguarded because he feels that the Amy Grant album is the primary topic. I think he has a point, because the Amy Grant album has charted at multiple places, including a couple chart-toppers. The only chart that the Rae Morris album shows is #9 on OCC's UK Albums chart. Hopefully we can get a solution since this is the last entry in the only-two-dabs backlog. -- Tavix ( talk ) 17:28, 24 April 2016 (UTC) -- Relisted Anarchyte   (work  | talk )   11:57, 21 May 2016 (UTC)
 * Oppose the only two dabs thing shouldn't be added because there's already a third topic in the song. Plus the Chris Herren drugs documentary. No evidence that Amy Grant is the only meaning of such a common word. In ictu oculi (talk) 20:56, 24 April 2016 (UTC)
 * that's a red herring as the third topic were added earlier today. I'm fine with not having it there or having the page moved now that the dab has been filled-out. Walter Görlitz (talk) 01:36, 25 April 2016 (UTC)
 * Sure. Well given that page views are almost exactly equal between the two albums, and given WP:NCM might as well withdraw the RM. In ictu oculi (talk) 14:18, 25 April 2016 (UTC)

 * Support as the primary topic. SST flyer 07:26, 25 April 2016 (UTC)
 * Support. It's still a WP:TWODABS situation as there are no other articles or substantial coverage of any other topics of this name. Between the two, the Amy Grant album has consistently had nearly twice the page views even after being moved to the disambiguated title.|Unguarded_(Amy_Grant_album) This is even more telling considering it's now 31 years old whereas the Rae Morris album just came out last year. Naturally, it also dominates on Google Books ( vs. ). Additionally, as the album was moved recently without discussion, a "no consensus" move needs to return it to the stable name Unguarded per the WP:RMCI (the dab page can probably stay, at Unguarded (disambiguation).--Cúchullain t/ c 13:36, 2 May 2016 (UTC)
 * The Amy Grant album has gotten attention because of this RM. Isn't it misleading? George Ho (talk) 02:57, 13 May 2016 (UTC)
 * No, it's consistently received more page views than the other since it was moved.--Cúchullain t/ c 14:05, 13 May 2016 (UTC)

 * Oppose - no evidence whatsoever that the Amy Grant album is primary. When Googling, the top results are for the film. And the first Wikipedia entry I see in the Google results is the Rae album. Page views are equal, as pointed above. Dab page is best. — Amakuru (talk) 13:37, 2 May 2016 (UTC)
 * The page views count is thrown off a bit as the Grant album was moved 2 months ago, but even since then it's consistently had far more page than the other, much more recent album.|Unguarded_(Amy_Grant_album)--Cúchullain t/ c 14:40, 2 May 2016 (UTC)

 * Oppose - Amy Grant became well known with Baby Baby (Amy Grant song). The album itself is not as popular as that one or the album carrying it. It is not more significant than the recent album. It wasn't more popular than the recent one before the disambiguation. Wait for one year or two... George Ho (talk) 02:57, 13 May 2016 (UTC)
 * Oppose as none of the above supports have provided substantial evidence so say the Amy Grant album's the PRIMARYTOPIC, As she's not the Primarytopic I don't believe it hsould be moved. – Davey 2010 Talk 01:56, 22 May 2016 (UTC).

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

Fair use rationale for File:Unguarded.jpg
File:Unguarded.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a non-free use rationale. Using one of the templates at Non-free use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

-- Marchjuly (talk) 07:48, 12 November 2018 (UTC); [Note: Template striken out by Marchjuly per the following discussion. -- 08:06, 13 November 2018 (UTC)]
 * This file is being used twice in the same article: in the main infobox and in the "Cover" section. Whether both uses are needed is questionable per WP:NFCC, but a separate specific non-free use rationale needs to be provided for each use. There is a rationale provided for the main infobox use, but not the second use and the file can be removed per WP:NFCCE if a second non-free rationale specific to that use is not provided. -- Marchjuly (talk) 07:52, 12 November 2018 (UTC)
 * They are two separate files: infobox uses file:Unguarded.jpg while the gallery uses file:Unguarded_D.jpg and each has a FUR for its designated purpose. I have added a second to the original. Walter Görlitz (talk) 05:47, 13 November 2018 (UTC)
 * Thank you for pointing that out. Even so, if they are essentially the same album cover with no real discernible differences, then there's really no need for two files. The rationale you added for the infobox file basically appears to be the same as one for the infobox use, but the second use is definitely not being used "to serve as the primary means of visual identification at the top of the article dedicated to the work in question" and is quite different from the main infobox use of primary identification. Just adding the same rationale is not really sufficient per WP:JUSTONE if it doesn't actually explain how the file is being used in accordance with WP:NFCC.FWIW, the rationales provided for the W, O,R, and D files are also basically the same as the one provided for the main infobox file; so, these also have the same problem in that they don't actually reflect how the files are being used in the article. Since there's no sourced critical commentary supporting the releases with different covers, the justification for their non-free use per WP:NFC is pretty thin. In addition, without any sources to support the content in that section, it can be removed as WP:UNSOURCED or WP:OR, which means the seciton would just become a gallery of non-free album covers which isn't really allowed per WP:NFG or even WP:NFC.FWIW, I did search to see if I could find anything written in reliable sources about these different covers, but came up empty. I found pictures on Amazon and comments in online forums, etc., but nothing in the type of publication which might be considered a RS by Wikipedia. There's are some sources cited in the article, but none of these specifically mention the different covers. Ideally, the best reliable source would be one that discuss this and possibly shows all four covers. Without such a source, I think it would be pretty hard to establish a consensus for this type of non-free use at WP:FFD. -- Marchjuly (talk) 07:02, 13 November 2018 (UTC)
 * First, there's no need to ping me. This article is on my watchlist. Second, I recognize that there is not much of a discussion about the use of the images, but it is present. And the infobox image is the primary identification. I have had serious problems with the copyright cabal and this situation is not going to endear you any more. I don't care if the duplicate image is removed from the gallery, but you're wrong to have claimed that that there is no FUR for the image used in the infobox. I am making a local copy and will upload another if it's incorrectly deleted. Walter Görlitz (talk) 07:41, 13 November 2018 (UTC)
 * I pinged you as a courtesy because you pinged me; however, no offense was intended. I also have the files and the article on my watchlist as well; so, we both now understand that neither of use needs to be pinged anymore.I posted that the file in question had a non-free use rationale for the main infobox, but that it didn't have one for the second use; so, the second use could've been removed per WP:NFCCE if one wasn't provided for it. However, I missed that there were actually two files uploaded: one for the infobox and one for W-O-R-D cover section. I clicked on both files, but missed the difference in names which was my oversight; I wasn't suggesting that the file should be removed from the main infobox or deleted altogether.Even still, the rationales for each file are (were?) basically the same, so having different file names doesn't really justify the need for two separate non-free files of basically the same album cover using basically the same non-free use rationale. A non-free file can be used more than once; it just needs a separate specific non-free use rationale specific for each use. Anyway, after you pointed my error out, I removed the di-missing some article links I added to that file's page here, and have also stricken out the template I added above. -- Marchjuly (talk) 08:06, 13 November 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Unguarded (Amy Grant album)


text:
User:Charles Matthews/Outhwaite

Theodor Abel - Hans Albert - Karl-Otto Apel - John Austin - Horst Baier - R. F. Bales - Jonathan Bennett - Ted Benton - Peter Berger - Harold Bershady - Emilio Betti - Deryck Beyleveld - Roy Bhaskar - T. M. Bloomfield - Herbert Blumer - Tom Bottomore - Pierre Bourdieu - Christopher Bryant - H. T. Buckle - Thomas Burger - F. Cortés - Alan Dawe - E. J. Dijksterhuis - J. G. Droysen - Helmut Dubiel - Jon Elster - Mary Farmer - Bas van Fraassen - Barry Glasner - Lucien Goldmann - Richard Grathoff - Peter Halfpenny - N. R. Hanson - Rom Harré - Carl Hempel - Mary Hesse - Barry Hindess - Martin Hollis - Douglas House - A. Jellinek - Leszek Kolakowski - T. S. Kuhn - A.-L. Lavoisier - Karl Liebknecht - Thomas Luckmann - Steven Lukes - Thomas McCarthy - Carl Menger - E. Mokrzycki - Ernest Nagel - Ed Nell - W. S. Newton-Smith - U. Oevermann - M. Olson – William Outhwaite - David Papineau - Trevor Pateman - Michael Polanyi - Charles Renouvier - Nicholas Rescher - John Roemer - D.-H. Ruben - I. I. Rubin - Richard Rudner - Ernest Rutherford - H. J. Sandkühler - Andrew Sayer - Derek Sayer - Alfred Schmidt - Herbert Schnädelbach - Alfred Schutz - Michael Scriven - Paul Secord - J. J. C. Smart - Stephen Stich - Norman Stockman - David Sylvan - Charles Taylor - W. I. Thomas - Ferdinand Tönnies - Alain Touraine - John Urry - Marianne Weber - David Will - Peter Winch

title: User:Charles Matthews/Outhwaite


text:
Category:United States Numbered Highways stubs

This category is not for Interstate and state highway articles.


text:
Talk:Afrosoricida

Untitled
The classification provided here is completely different from the classification at Mammal. john k 16:56, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

I edited this page because of the weak suppotr for Afrotheria. (Note:unsigned)
 * I have reverted those changes. The support for Afrotheria has been very good in a number of independent genetic studies.  Admittedly, the page could use some more balance from the morphology-centric viewpoint, but merely deleting the well-supported genetic taxonomic hypothesis in exchange for the traditional viewpoint is definitely counterproductive.  --Aranae 04:08, September 8, 2005 (UTC)

I didnt delete the references to the molecular studies, but I edited it because I felt it misrepresents the support for Afrotheria. Although the Afrotheria is often recovered in such studies, the bootstrap support is actually very low, so the clade is not robust - besides that the only morphological character so far cited in support of Afrotheria, was "movable snout". However the snout anatomy is inconsistent within Afrotheria, and it seperates Afrosoricida from the African ungulates.

Information on weight in Wikipedia ? (Table yes/no)
Here's the table I made January 30 2023 for Afrosoricida species listed in Wikipedia (when searching from List of mammal genera, the linked genus pages from this page and the species page listed in the genus page).

Information on weight is given for 14/55 species / Information on weight is not given in 41/55 species :

move to Tenrecoidea and changes to better reflect phylogeny
I've updated the page to better reflect recent phylogenetic analyses (e.g., Everson et al. 2016 in regards to Microgale phylogeny and position of Oryzorictes as closer to Microgale than Geogale). I'd also recommend recognizing McDowell (1958) who had named this clade 40 years prior to "Afrosoricida", and I've included text and citations of the primary literature making the case for this particular nomenclature. I've also quoted from the online version of MSW 2005 (https://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?s=y&id=11100001), i.e., Bronner & Jenkins 2005 chapter in that book, to give further context to their view on the appropriate name for the tenrec-golden mole clade. I should also disclose that I'm a biologist who's contributed to the primary literature and (unsurprisingly) am referring to some of my own (cited & peer reviewed) conclusions & opinions. Thanks to everyone here for helping to make these wonderful animals more accessible to the public. Sincere regards, Robert Asher. Asherobert (talk) 19:11, 19 April 2023 (UTC)
 * I think that quote alone misrepresents the conclusions in that MSW3 section. The next paragraph includes:

"Tenrecoidea, however, was first used by Simpson (1931) as a corrected superfamily name for Cententoidea, and comprised various 'zalambdodont' taxa (Solenodontidae, Potamogalidae, Tenrecidae and extinct Palaeoryctidae and Apternodontidae) but not chrysochlorids (assigned to a separate superfamily Chrysochloridea). McDowell’s (1958) restriction of Tenrecoidea to include only golden moles and tenrecs (thus identical in composition to Afrosoricida) implied a fundamentally different grouping concept to that of Simpson (1931); usage of this name arguably violates Simpson’s (1945:33) guidelines (29-30) for reasonable emendation, and also his recommendation that superfamily names (ending in –oidea) should be avoided. Priority, which Simpson (1945:33) advocated as a deciding criterion only '..when other things are about equal.' is thus insufficient to justify acceptance of McDowell’s (1958) revised 'Tenrecoidea'."
 * So my reading is that MSW rejects the priority argument for Tenrecoidea following Simpson's principles, i.e. priority rejected if the "group concept now to be recognized is essentially different" (principle 29A, p33), and accepts Afrosoricida as the best of several poor alternatives. Asher & Helgen (2010) came to different conclusions on the best name, arguing for priority, based on a different interpretation of Simpson's principles.
 * As it stands, it seems to me that Afrosoricida is still widely accepted, although both Afrosoricida and Tenrecoidea are both used in the scientific literature. However, the sources the Wikipedia mammal project has followed for article titles (MSW3 and more recently the IUCN and ASM-MDD) all use Afrosoricida. We would need new independent secondary sources to support the move of the article to Tenrecoidea, although both names should be discussed in the text. —  Jts1882 | talk 08:45, 7 September 2023 (UTC)
 * I concur and will move the page back to Afrosoricida. - UtherSRG (talk) 11:41, 7 September 2023 (UTC)

Afrosoricida Translation
“African shrew-like things” probably conveys the sense of Afrosoricida better than “looking like African shrews.” N. Pharris (talk) 16:51, 14 December 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Afrosoricida


text:
User:Charles Matthews/Hardy

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title: User:Charles Matthews/Hardy


text:
User:Charles Matthews/PCW

PCW

John Akers - Ray Anderson - John Austen - Autodesk - Paul Bailey - Ray Bambery - Ramesh Bannerji - Carol Bartz - Paul Bedworth - J. J. Buck BloomBecker - Vesselin Bontchev - Valentino Braitenburg - John Connolly - David Cutler - Charles Davies - Michael Dell - Eric de Jong - Volker Dolch - Mark Eppley - Gordon Eubanks - Steve Ferber - Stephen Ferber - Howard Ford - Jean-Louis Gassée - Lou Gerstner - Charles Geschke - Chuck Geschke - Dieter Giesbrecht - Wendy Grossman - Andy Grove - Hermann Hauser - Bob Hay - Dennis Hayes - Dell Heatherington - Anders Heilsburg - Rikke Helms - Gary Hendrix - Andy Hopper - Peter Horne - Martin Jackson - Steve Jobs - Mitch Kapor - Philippe Kahn - Will Keiper - Gary Kildall - Frank King - Carl Kukkonen - John Landry - Matt Lee - Keith Maib - Jim Manzi - A. C. Mike Markkula - Jo Marks - Myche McAuley - Robert McConnell - James McGroddy - Robert McKinley - Paul Messina - Tom Mitchell - Kevin Mitnick - Gordon E. Moore - Robert Morris - George Morrow (computers) - Mike Muller - Bob Nathan - Roger Needham - Mike Newton - Emma Nicholson - Robert M. Noyce - Sören Olsson - Frank Ongari - Chuck Peddle - Steve Poole - Joseph Popp - David Potter - Renato Riverso - June Rokoff - Frank Rose - Jerry Sanders - Jack Schoof - John Sculley - Christopher Seeley - Al Shugart - Clive Sinclair - Edward Singh - Shiraz Sivji - Alan Solomon - Clifford Stoll - Alan Sugar - David Svendson - Jack Tramiel - Leonard Tramiel - vidicon - John Warnock - Sam Wauchope - Maurice Wilkes - Steve Williams - Roger Wilson - Niklaus Wirth - Steve Wozniak - - [[

title: User:Charles Matthews/PCW


text:
Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Jean Schmidt/archive1

Jean Schmidt
Self-nom. A second try at this (the previous FAC is here). Profile of the newest Member of Congress. I'd like to have it featured by September 6, the day she takes her oath. Photos, full bibilography. Was on peer review here. PedanticallySpeaking 17:01, August 23, 2005 (UTC)

 * Support; well-written, well-balanced and readable; to my eye it seems like a model of NPOV on a potentially divisive political figure. Impressive references list.  Antandrus  (talk) 17:16, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Many thanks. PedanticallySpeaking 16:09, August 25, 2005 (UTC)

 * Support; ditto --WizardOfTheCDrive 17:32, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Support; ditto --Ian Pitchford 18:03, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Support--looked great on peer review, looks great now. Meelar (talk) 18:25, August 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support--Very Nice PRueda29 (talk)
 * Support. Niteowlneils 21:49, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Support For the most part it is a textbook example of how political articles should be written. --JamesB3 22:53, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Thank for your praise. PedanticallySpeaking 16:09, August 25, 2005 (UTC)

 * Object This is a very good, well referenced article that should be using inline notes in addition to the references. This is especially important since almost all of the direct reference links are to news reports. Within a few months, many of these news links will go dead. With inline notes, the information about which news sources were used as references for each part of the article will not be lost. If this is corrected, I will change my vote to support.--Alabamaboy 00:20, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I would note that most of the news links are to the Cincinnati Enquirer and Cincinnati Post which retain valid links for years. Some links are five years old or more and are still valid.  I am aware of even older pages still available.  PedanticallySpeaking 16:09, August 25, 2005 (UTC)

 * Conditional support upon changing of citational style. I normally give much less than a fig about citational style, but in a breaking-news setting inline probably is better.  I know it's a PiTA for something that's trivial, but there may be a good reason this time.  Geogre 01:00, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Support obviously great work: well referenced, many photos (although the last few parts are a bit dry in terms of photos, but its ok), superb grammar, lots of factual information, a great read. no question in my support --Lan56 03:41, August 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Wow. Thanks so much.  PedanticallySpeaking 16:09, August 25, 2005 (UTC)

 * Yep, support. Another classic piece of high quality writing by PedanticallySpeaking. Politics can be surprisingly interesting. :) — Stevey7788 (talk) 01:16, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Neutral. I yearn to support, but the captions aren't exactly following the typical caption policy. Johnleemk | Talk 16:21, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Solid reporting, though I'd like to see the external links not go dead as well. Jokestress 17:29, 27 August 2005 (UTC)