text:
Wikipedia:Categories for deletion/Log/2005 August 30

Category:LGBT philosophers

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the category above. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was no consensus, defer for Gender, Race, Sexuality, take your pick --Kbdank71 14:32, 6 September 2005 (UTC)

Unencyclopedic and mostly gossip.

 * Delete - POV, non-encyclopedic. Lulu of the Lotus-Eaters 22:19, 2005 August 30 (UTC)
 * In this category, Foucault or Butler indeed write about sexuality, so OK, there's a connection. But of, e.g., Wittgenstein, it's pointless trivia.  It's much like a hypothetical Category:Philosophers with facial moles because, y'know, some had them and some didn't Lulu of the Lotus-Eaters 22:21, 2005 August 30 (UTC) ...apparently there is a meta-discussion on similar needless categories.  So I change my vote to: Delete and salt the earth where the category once grew, so that nothing can ever sprout up again.

 * Delete. A somewhat stronger case can be made for keeping this cat, compared with the "secular jewish philosopher" one. However, I vote to delete because I don't think there's value in having this cat. I would support a cat on "Philosophers concerned with Sexuality," or some such, but not this, which seems to place persons' personal sexual preferences (which are by no means always static, or even verifiable per WP:V) above their value as philosophers.— Encephalon | ζ   05:13:37, 2005-08-31 (UTC)
 * Delete. No argument. siafu 05:22, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, do not categorize by sexuality. Radiant_ >|< 09:09, August 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Promotion of a point of view. CalJW 01:31, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Jeez people, how many times are the same categories gonna come up on CfD?  -Seth Mahoney 01:16, September 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and suspend discussion until resolved at Categorization/Gender, race and sexuality. Seth is right.  This is getting tiresome.  Can we try to reach an agreed consensus about this and not just repeat ourselfs at CfD?  Radiant! started the page to try and hash this out. -- Samuel Wantman 04:44, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. Samuel and Seth, thank you for your comments. I hope you will consider being less rude, however. The above meta-discussion page was only created at 07:45:18 on Sept 1. All the votes here before yours were placed before that. I agree it would be nice for those who are interested to go over and join that discussion, but it was a tad impossible for the editors above to do so: the page didn't exist when they voted (or when the nominator put the category up for deletion).— Encephalon | ζ   05:46:36, 2005-09-02 (UTC) Incidentally, might I add the existence of that page does not nullify the opinions expressed here.— Encephalon  | ζ
 * Quite sorry if the comments seemed rude. Of course the page was just created, but there have been LGBT categories nominated for deletion over and over.  Perhaps our frustration is showing.  Of course everyone's opinion counts.  I'm just suggesting that rather than have this repeated discussion, we try to work something out that we can all live with.  -- Samuel Wantman 10:07, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep and it is very annoying to constantly have to vote on CfD because somebody put up yet another LGBT* cat for deletion. -- AlexR 10:37, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. I happened across the fact that this CfD was linked to from LGBT notice board.  My impression, with all due respect to the voters, is that the "keep" votes that came along were via that link, and that they were rather knee-jerk "keep anything that says LGBT in it."  Obviously, editors can vote whatever they like; but I'd really urge a more nuanced position than I see in evidence.  I'm all in favor of LGBT categories that really pertain to why the thing in question in encyclopedic, I think they're dreadful for things that amount to gossip (which is most people categories).  For example, LGBT books, films, organizations, laws, etc. are (or would be) great categories.  Even people who are involved in gay rights or the like.  But not where notability is unrelated to sexuality. Lulu of the Lotus-Eaters 01:02, 2005 September 3 (UTC)
 * With all respect, you're likely wrong about our motivations. Our votes may be knee-jerk, but its not a "keep anything that has LGBT in it" (most of us voted against keeping Category:LGBT ancient Greeks, for example).  Its just frustration not only because every LGBT-related category appears on CfD at some point, but most seem to reappear every other week.  We're all a little sick of putting work into something that just gets deleted because someone can't stand to see anything that references anything other than vanilla heterosexuality (I'm not saying that's what's going on here, but it has definitely happened elsewhere).  So, you'll have to forgive the knee-jerk response, but hopefully it at least makes some sense now.  And my vote is still keep.  -Seth Mahoney 01:37, September 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * Before we end up in a shouting match, let's talk about this category. There are four people in this category.  Two of them, I don't know about and didn't find out much by reading their articles, the other two Judith Butler and Michel Foucault are most certainly philosophers who's work significantly deals with LGBT philosophy.  If people want to argue for renaming this category, or limiting its members to a standard more strict than "They are LGBT and they are philosophers, they belong here", I'm willing to listen and discuss it.  But I see very little of that among those calling for the deletion of this category.  When being LGBT becomes as irrelevant as having a facial mole in this world, I too will call for the deletion of this category.  Until that day, my vote stands.  Keep. -- Samuel Wantman 05:43, 3 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I am indeed all in favor of having a category like Category:Philosophers who write about sexuality to include thinkers like Foucault and Butler (and a bunch more not listed). That would actually speak to the reason-for-notability of philosophers with articles.  Of course, those included may or may not themselves be LGBT (and likewise if it were "philosophers who write about homosexuality" of something).  This kind of good category is both verifiable and encyclopedic.  And it ain't the category at issue here. Lulu of the Lotus-Eaters 20:25, 2005 September 3 (UTC)... in fact, being bold, I went ahead and created the actual useful category, and added a bunch of likely names to it; help add more relevant articles.
 * It isn't useful to make this category inclusive of all philosophers who write about sexuality. You would be including all forms of sexuality, not just LGBT.  For now, at Wikipedia, the term is LGBT. There has been much discussion about what the best name is, and no better solution has yet found a consensus.  Also, what is so terrible about including philosophers who happen to be LGBT, but don't write much about sexuality?  If the problem is that their sexuality may be the result of "gossip", can't that be addressed without the necessity of deleting the category?  A philosopher's sexuality might be trivial to you, but who is to say that it won't be important to someone else?-- Samuel Wantman 06:46, 4 September 2005 (UTC)
 * No, that is precisely what is useful. It speaks to the actual professional noteriety of the philosophers, and is verifiable from their works themselves. It's not just a "feel good" cheat about "those famous people are queer too, so I can feel better about myself" (which, unfortunately, seems to be the real sentiment in favor of the unencyclopedic categories). Feeling good about yourself is good, but WP ain't a therapy group. 70.109.229.212 19:38, 4 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep, no reason to delete. Christopher Parham (talk) 04:35, 2005 September 3 (UTC)
 * Keep per Seth. Jobe  6  [[Image:Peru flag large.png|20px]] 04:38, September 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep this and any other similar categories that show up here. Guanaco 02:22, 6 September 2005 (UTC)

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Foo films to Films directed by Foo
Earlier discussion had proposed a uniform renaming of all subcats of Category:Films by director to the format Films directed by Firstname Lastname. Broader rename got lost in the shuffle and so I'll reanimate. -The Tom 21:56, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Rename all per nom. Yea I left it listed in unresolved discussions but guess it was removed later, figured it would get nominated soon enough.  ∞ Who ? ¿ ?  00:47, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Rename all. -Sean Curtin 01:20, August 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * Rename all per nom. -Splash 01:31, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Rename all per nom. -choster 01:55, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Rename all per nom. Good catch. Nandesuka 03:07, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Who is going to tag the subcats? --Kbdank71 14:14, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Is there a bot that can assist with all the recatting? - choster 05:27, 14 September 2005 (UTC)

Category:Sexy Toons

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the category above. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete --Kbdank71 15:09, 6 September 2005 (UTC)

Anonymous user began tagging various articles with the category (see Betty Boop, Holli Would, Jessica Rabbit). I deleted the additions, since the category did not exist. Now he's created the category. At any rate, I can see a possible category for cartoon characters with sex appeal, but I don't think we really need one. If we do get one, it should not be named "Sexy Toons". BrianSmithson 20:31, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. -- Reinyday, 21:12, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Rename to Cartoon characters with sex appeal or something. Kappa 21:14, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete for reasons of NPOV (what is considered sexy varies from person to person) --FuriousFreddy 21:19, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * What real people think is opinion but how other characters in their works treat them is verifiable. Kappa 21:29, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. -Sean Curtin 01:21, August 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete not a useful categorization. I checked for this cat after I was done on RC patrol, and the search insisted it didn't exist. -Splash 01:31, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, POV. Radiant_ >|< 09:09, August 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. No argument. siafu 17:35, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Rename to Cartoon characters with sex appeal. -- Joel, 16:40, 30 August 2005
 * Rename per Kappa and Joel. — Instantnood 13:36, September 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Rename per Kappa and Joel. Dread Lord C y b e r S k u l l ✎☠ 07:27, 2005 September 3 (UTC)
 * Delete. Even the renamed version will be applied arbitrarily.  Perhaps Bugs Bunny should be included?  He's apparently hot when he's in drag based on the reactions of other characters.  Hell, just about every Looney Tunes character pulled that stunt at one time or another.  Postdlf 23:44, 4 September 2005 (UTC)

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Category:Schools of Thought

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The result of the debate was delete --Kbdank71 15:06, 6 September 2005 (UTC)

Replaced by Category:Esoteric Schools of Thought.
 * RDF 17:16, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * You mean merge, right? Okay, but shouldn't it be Category:Esoteric schools of thought? I'm reasonably sure 'schools' isn't a Proper Noun. Radiant_ >|< 17:30, August 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge speedy rename per Radiant. ∞ Who ? ¿ ?  17:33, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and speedy rename as above. -Splash 01:31, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Schools of Thought is empty, there is nothing to merge.  --Kbdank71 14:37, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

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Category:Cities and Villages in Lebanon to Category:Cities and towns in Lebanon

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The result of the debate was rename to Category:Cities and villages in Lebanon --Kbdank71 15:03, 6 September 2005 (UTC)

Naming convention. - Darwinek 15:13, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Rename to Category:Cities and towns in Lebanon or Category:Cities and villages in Lebanon - Darwinek 15:11, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I do believe the standard was "Cities and villages"? Radiant_ >|< 17:30, August 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. Could you give me the link to the Naming convention your talking about. CG 19:56, September 5, 2005 (UTC)
 * If it fail this CFR, this category will be speedy renamed and deleted, because of wrong capitalisation. Villages should be with small "v". - Darwinek 11:58, 6 September 2005 (UTC)

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Category:Famous courtesans and prostitutes

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The result of the debate was rename as nominated --Kbdank71 15:00, 6 September 2005 (UTC)

General policy is not to use the word famous in category titles. - SimonP 17:02, August 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * Agreed, and this is proposed as a speedy criterion here. Radiant_ >|< 17:30, August 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * Rename to Category:Historical courtesans and prostitutes -- Reinyday, 21:16, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Aren't there any current prostitutes with articles? Kappa 21:30, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Rename without an adjective. siafu 21:44, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Rename to Category:Courtesans and prostitutes. Kappa's right, there's generality to be had. -Splash 01:31, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

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Category:Documentary Short Subject Oscar nominee, Category:Documentary Short Subject Oscar, Category:Documentary Feature Oscar and Category:Documentary Feature Oscar nominee

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The result of the debate was rename as nominated --Kbdank71 14:58, 6 September 2005 (UTC)

Rename, the proper term is "Academy Award" rather than "Oscar". Radiant_ >|< 11:43, August 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * Rename, per Radiant. Are the capitals ok? -Splash 01:31, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Rename. No argument. siafu 17:26, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

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Category:Former companies of the Philippines to Category:Defunct companies of the Philippines

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The result of the debate was rename as nominated --Kbdank71 14:51, 6 September 2005 (UTC)

 * The page needs to be named consistently with other similar pages. --GCarty 09:02, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

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Category:Former companies of the United Kingdom to Category:Defunct companies of the United Kingdom

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The result of the debate was rename as nominated --Kbdank71 14:54, 6 September 2005 (UTC)

 * The page needs to be named consistently with other similar pages. --GCarty 09:02, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

 * "Former" seems less of a value-judgement to me. The company might have been highly successful, and its business might be thriving under a new name. "Defunct" suggests that the company no longer exists because it failed, but there are many other reasons that could cause it to become an ex-company.

Mhkay 17:31, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

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Category:British aircraft manufacturers to Category:Defunct British aircraft manufacturers

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The result of the debate was rename as nominated --Kbdank71 14:48, 6 September 2005 (UTC)

 * The category name needs to state that the companies in the category are no longer in business. --GCarty 09:02, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment Even if true, to follow the usual practice for the aircraft manufacturer categories, Defunct British aircraft manufacturers ahould be created as a subcategory of British aircraft manufacturers and populated appropriately. --Caerwine 09:27, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Defunct British aircraft manufacturers already has a parent category Aerospace companies of the United Kingdom. Since BAE Systems is the only actual British aircraft manufacturer remaining (at least one which has a Wikipedia article), I do not think an extra category is needed. --GCarty 10:51, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Does Short Brothers count as an extant aircraft manufacturer in the UK? 132.205.3.20 18:40, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

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Category:SOC occupations

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The result of the debate was delete --Kbdank71 14:27, 6 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Seems to me systematic bias and POV. I am also unclear on the copyright implications.  However I do not see why we should categorise according to United States government standards.  I can understand an article on the subject, but not the need to replicate the category structure.  Do we really categorise according to government dictate? Hiding  talk 08:46, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep  As a U.S. Government work, it certainly has no copyright problems.  However the only bias problem I see is with the subcategories.  Those should likely be renamed to include SOC in their titles. Categorization by SOC seems like a good idea, but it should be done in manner that alows for other notable occupational categorization systems such as the International Standard Classification of Occupations to also be used. Caerwine 09:58, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: So please enlighten me as to where I am to place Painter and decorator, a trade not covered by SOC. It seems inane to have numerous categories of similar type, some categorising to one standard and some to another.  Surely that is over categorisation. Hiding  talk 19:06, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Response 47-2141 Painter and decorator It's in there.  Granted there are a number of synonyms for this code number in the big listing and the list you looked at may have listed only one for conciseness, but its there. Caerwine 05:35, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Response It may well be in there somewhere, but should I have to go look? Is there a policy page somewher which dictates the usage of US government policy when categorising by occupation?  If not, why can't Wikipedia grow its own? Why does Category:Construction trades workers seem to dictate what can be categorised there?  What are we to call other categories of Construction trades workers which are categorised by a differing standard?  Are we to start disambiguating categories?  Why can we not use our own judgement when categorising, keeping these international standards as reference tools but not as the rule? Hiding  talk 09:34, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Response Why should Wikipedia grow its own? Wouldn't it be better to use a scheme or schemes used by others and for which data that can be incorporated into Wikipedia will be more easily attainable?  The only thing I will agree with on what appears to the majority opinion her is that if only one scheme is to be supported it should be ISCO and not SOC so as to avoid having a U.S.-centric categorization scheme.  However, I don't see the need to restrict ourselves to just one as categories do not form a tree. As for you having to look, that depends on whether you're editting or reading doesn't it? ;)
 * Response to anon When editing wikipedia I am only constrained by the policies. If using this standard is a policy, please show me where it is written, otherwise I am free to edit as I see fit, and the burden is on you to show why Wikipedia should not grow its own.  As stated above I have no objection to using such sources as reference, I am objecting to the hardcoding of such a structure into our category system as a de facto standard.  I also fail to see where you draw the notion that a majority opinion exists to use the ISCO standard instead, and am  again failing to see what your usage of categories do not form a tree is meant to show, and am regrettably failing to see your final point. Hiding  talk 07:48, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete per nominator. I don't get the use of categorising things by one country's scheme and not another. I do not think we should bother to categorise them by every country's scheme. Ergo I do not think we should categorise like this at all — it does not extract any encyclopedic information from the article that should not already be in a list somewhere. -Splash 01:31, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment While I agree that every country would be overkill, this is the English Wikipedia, so categorizing by the standards of English-speaking countries does not strike me as overkill. ISCO is an international standard used by the EU, so that should take care of Britain and Ireland. Australia and New Zealand have their own separate systems which are based on ISCO and use the same fundamental structure. SOC is used by the United States.  Canada and South Africa have their own system which seem mostly unrelated to ISCO or SOC, though they follow a model closer to ISCO. I was unable to find other occupational category standards that might be used by other English speaking countries. (In particular, India uses industrial categories, but apparently not occupational categories.) Caerwine 05:35, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * To suggest we should only pay attention to English speaking countries is a bit unusual. We have lots of non-native English-speaking editors. Why not include their countries? I don't really see any overlap between occupational classification and language. Moreover, I don't think there is any encyclopedic information extracted from the articles by this category. It is enough to simply add a half-sentence mention in the article. -Splash 16:43, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Sytemic bias. Cultural imperialism. CalJW 13:10, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Overcategorization.  --Kbdank71 14:40, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per Splash. siafu 17:27, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, and we should also dump some of the useless subcats like Category:Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations - SimonP 23:57, August 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per nominator. Also, agree with SimonP about deleting most the other categories that are specific to SOC. --Mairi 06:42, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

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 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the category above. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete --Kbdank71 14:19, 6 September 2005 (UTC)

 * copied from WP:SFD

Silly creation of this stub-cat to go along with the equally silly ChickenLittle which is currently on Tfd. Recommend delete. ∞ Who ? ¿ ? 21:20, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * While i thoroughly think that category ought to be deleted, it doesn't belong here as it's not a category for stubs (it's a subcategory of because the author tagged the page as a stub). This vote should be moved to WP:CFD. --Mairi 22:11, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

 * To be sure, I put it on SFD, I knew it wasn't necessarily a stub, but beings it stated it was, it was safer for history sakes to list it there first. Keeps anyone from saying "it doesnt belong on Cfd its a stub", etc.  Although I'm sure Grutness is right about speedy.  ∞ Who ? ¿ ?  02:59, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I've changed the stub notice to the more appropriate popcat. Moving this nomination to CFD (although it's probably a speedy)... Grutness...  wha?  00:58, 30 August 2005 (UTC) (PS: Delete)

 * Speedied as nonsensical. Radiant_ >|< 09:56, August 30, 2005 (UTC)

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Category:Titans members to Category:Teen Titans members

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the category above. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was rename to Category:DC Comics Titans --Kbdank71 14:25, 6 September 2005 (UTC)

The main article name is Teen Titans and it is the name of the group. Titans members could be ambigous as well. ∞ Who ? ¿ ? 00:21, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose, some members of the category were members of the (New) Titans or Team Titans and not of the Teen Titans. "Titans members" covers all of the above without being misleading.  -Sean Curtin 02:30, August 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose for same reasons. Team Titans, New Titans, and The Titans do not sound like Teen Titans to me. KramarDanIkabu 02:33, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I was not aware of that, then it would seem that we need two categories to cover these then.  ∞ Who ? ¿ ?  03:00, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I will change my vote to Rename if it is renamed to something that establishes what Titans they are without calling them Teen Titans as I remain firm on the position that characters who weren't Teen Titans shouldn't be referred to as such. KramarDanIkabu 05:19, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Rename. They're also not the Tennessee Titans, Titan rockets, mythological titans, or Asuras, which are also known as Titans.  "Team Titans" and "New Titans" are much much closer to being Teen Titans than any of the above. siafu 03:01, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Perhaps "DC Titans members" or "Comic book Titans members" or something, but some of them were never Teen Titans and shouldn't be classified as such. KramarDanIkabu 03:16, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I'd go for Category:DC Comics Titans. Members is rather redundant. siafu 04:26, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Titans members is a nice blanket name for all the different incarnations of the Teen Titans.--Kross 03:58, August 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * Rename It needs to be renamed and with the main atricle being Teen Titans this is the most appropriate name. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Caerwine (talk • contribs) 09:37, 30 August 2005
 * Under that logic, we should change Category:Montreal Expos players to Category:Washington Nationals players because they're now the Washington Nationals. It doesn't matter that they never played for the Nationals, the Expos don't exist anymore. KramarDanIkabu 16:28, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * That is the standard naming convention used on Wikipedia, see Categorization. Although they are also known as just the Titans, the category should match the main article.  ∞ Who ? ¿ ?  17:43, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Rename, reasoning per siafu. There are other "Titans" out there which are not covered by the current category name.  --Kbdank71 14:45, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Rename to Category:DC Comics Titans. Dread Lord C y b e r S k u l l ✎☠ 07:28, 2005 September 3 (UTC)

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text:
Talk:Emma Hardinge Britten

Untitled
it was decided by the author not to highlight the names mentioned for links to respect peoples own beliefs and opinions but as this was a page on spirituailsm and it needed to have these mentioned so why not next to the author or one of them at least.
 * I think they should be linked. It's not disrespectful. People should be able to learn about them. --Bluejay Young 16:34, 30 December 2006 (UTC)

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as start, and the rating on other projects was brought up to start class. BetacommandBot 03:30, 10 November 2007 (UTC)

Marc Demarest research
I have added Marc Demarest's research blogs to the Further Reading section. He is a serious scholar and I believe this is one instance where a blog can be used as source material. Spiritualists and everyone interested in Emma would do well to read what he has found. --Bluejay Young (talk) 18:55, 22 May 2022 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Emma Hardinge Britten


text:
Alfred Chapman

Alfred Beck Chapman (September 6, 1829 – January 16, 1915) was a Los Angeles real estate attorney and investor. He was one of the founders of the city of Orange, California.

Personal
Chapman was born on September 6, 1829, in Greensboro, Alabama. His grandfather, Robert Hett Chapman, was born in Orange, New Jersey, studied theology and was a pastor from 1796 to 1812, at which time he became president of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill until 1816. His father attended the University of North Carolina.

Military
Chapman was a Cadet at the Military Academy at West Point, from September 1, 1850, to July 1, 1854, when he was graduated 29th in his class. He was promoted to Brevet Second Lieutenant Of Artillery, July 1, 1854. Serving first in Florida in the early part of the Third Seminole War, 1854-55 during which he was promoted Second Lieutenant, U. S. 3rd Artillery Regiment. On February 15, 1855, he became a Second Lieutenant, U. S. 1st Dragoon Regiment, March 3, 1855, being ordered on frontier duty, at Albuquerque, New Mexico Territory in 1856. There he was on escort duty at both Albuquerque and Camp Moore. At Fort Buchanan, in 1857–1858, he participated in the 1857 Gila Expedition, and engaged Apache, in the Combat on Gila River, N.M., June 27, 1857. While at Fort Buchanan, he also made the first census for the United States of the Pima, Papago and Maricopa peoples of Arizona.

Later in 1858 he was sent to Fort Tejon, California, serving there from 1858 into 1859. There he was involved in the Mohave War scouting against the Mohave people, and was engaged in a skirmish at Beall's Crossing of the Colorado River, January 9, 1859. Three days earlier he had been promoted to First Lieutenant, 1st Dragoons and was then sent to Fort Crook, California, serving there 1859-60, and then at Fort Churchill, in Utah Territory (now Nevada) from later 1860 until he resigned, May 14, 1861, following news of the beginning of the American Civil War. Following his resignation Chapman moved to Los Angeles, in Southern California where he took up the practice of law in 1862.

Attorney
Chapman married Mary Scott, the daughter of Los Angeles attorney Jonathan R. Scott, with whom he studied law. In 1861 he set up a partnership with Cameron E. Thom.

In 1863 Chapman became city attorney of Los Angeles, replacing Myer J. Newmark, who resigned, and in 1868 he was elected district attorney of Los Angeles County. He went into partnership with a boyhood friend, Andrew Glassell, when the latter arrived in Los Angeles in 1866. Colonel George H. Smith, a former Confederate Army officer and brother-in-law of Glassell, joined the firm in 1870. Their law practice was confined chiefly to real estate transactions, and they made their fortunes by handling the large partition suits. Chapman was the businessman of the firm. He took his compensation in land, and nearly every final decree in partition would find that Glassell & Chapman had acquired more property.

Chapman and Glassell are best known in Orange County for being founders of Orange, California. The firm represented the Yorba and Peralta families in the partitioning of Rancho Santiago de Santa Ana in 1867, and had received for a portion of their fees certain large parcels of land in the partition. He joined with one of his partners, Andrew Glassell, to develop a new community, Richland (which would eventually be named Orange). They hired the land surveyor, Frank Lecouvrier of Los Angeles, to map this tract, which they called Richland Farm District. 'Richland' was originally the name of the Virginia plantation owned by the father of Andrew Glassell in the 1830s.

A large transaction by Chapman and Glassell was the legal suit known as "The Great Partition of 1871", brought against the Verdugo Rancho San Rafael properties on the Los Angeles River and in the Verdugo Mountains. The legal fees were again paid in substantial land transfers. He at one time also owned "practically all the land" where Glendale, California, and the suburb of Tropico were established.

Chapman continued to practice law until 1880. After retirement, he devoted full-time to managing his 700 acre rancho in the upper San Gabriel Valley, a portion of the Rancho Santa Anita grant, and became involved in citrus production.

Family and later life
Chapman had six children by his first marriage to Mary Scott. He married again after her death in 1883, and had one child by his second marriage to Mary L. Stephens, daughter of a pioneer California attorney and judge.

Chapman died on January 16, 1915, at the age of 85 in his residence near Sunny Slope in the San Gabriel Valley, "the result of heart failure following a severe cold." Survivors were his wife and children A.S. Chapman and Richard H. Chapman of Los Angeles, William Chapman of Spokane, Washington, and Mrs. L.C. Lantz, Mrs. Charles Lantz and Mrs. Evelyn L. Johnson, all of Los Angeles.

Legacy
He is often misidentified as the namesake for Chapman University in Orange, however, businessman and citrus magnate Charles C. Chapman actually has that distinction.

Chapman Avenue, which bisects the heart of Orange, was indeed named to honor attorney Alfred Beck Chapman.

The neighborhood of Chapman Woods in Pasadena, the site of Chapman's rancho in the San Gabriel Valley, is named after Alfred Chapman.

title: Alfred Chapman


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Log/2005 August 30

 Guide to Votes for Deletion [ ]


text:
KKNO

KKNO (750 AM) is a commercial radio station broadcasting an urban gospel radio format. Licensed to Gretna, Louisiana, the station serves the New Orleans metropolitan area. The station is currently owned by Robert C. Blakes Enterprises, Inc. It uses the slogan "Unmistakably Christian Radio."

By day, KKNO is powered at 250 watts, using a non-directional antenna. But because AM 750 is a clear channel frequency reserved for Class A WSB in Atlanta, KKNO is a daytimer. To avoid interference, it must go off the air at night. The transmitter is on Industry Street in Harvey, Louisiana.

History
On September 10, 1988, the station signed on the air. As a construction permit, the unbuilt station was assigned the call letters KAIG on 1987-09-14. On 1988-12-12, the station changed its call sign to the current KKNO.

In 1993, it was acquired by Robert C. Blake Enterprises for $275,000.

title: KKNO


text: User talk:24.231.194.246

title: User talk:24.231.194.246


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Oceanfill

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was to delete the article. Flcelloguy | A note? | Desk 17:34, 5 September 2005 (UTC)

Oceanfill
Delete. neologism --IByte 00:01, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I just noticed it might also be redundant with marine pollution, but if it does turn out people want to keep this term (I'd say delete it), how about redirecting (I'm not in favour of keeping/merging the current content as it is borderline POV.) --IByte 21:01, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep, pending cleanup. - Che Nuevara, the Democratic Revolutionary 00:47, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak delete. I like the word, and I actually hope it catches on, but Wikipedia is not the place to promote new concepts.  At 23 Google hits, this one is not yet notable for inclusion.  Johntex 01:37, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, unless this can be cleaned up dramatically. Jaxl | talk 02:19, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, neologism. Zoe 08:03, August 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, neologism. - Mgm|(talk) 09:00, August 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete If it catches on, we can have it later. Alf 09:29, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep I see potential for improving the article with details of where the problem manifests itself and how it can be sorted out. (Previous unsigned vote by )
 * Redirect to marine pollution. Gazpacho 21:47, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to marine pollution, as above. GeeJo (t) (c) 02:16, September 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Please don't start a precedent of redirecting nonexistant neologisms. This would give them Google hits and indicate that Wikipedia believes they are real words.  Zoe 05:21, September 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Agreed. Redirect should not become the new weak delete (I wish I never suggested the similar article). --IByte 16:10, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Joe Stoy

Joseph E. Stoy is a British computer scientist. He initially studied physics at Oxford University. Early in his career, in the 1970s, he worked on denotational semantics with Christopher Strachey in the Programming Research Group at the Oxford University Computing Laboratory (now the Oxford University Department of Computer Science). He was a Fellow of Balliol College, Oxford. He has also spent time at MIT in the United States. In 2003, he co-founded Bluespec, Inc.

His book Denotational Semantics: The Scott-Strachey Approach to Programming Language Semantics (MIT Press, 1977) is now a classic text.

Stoy married Gabrielle Stoy, a mathematician and Fellow of Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford.

title: Joe Stoy


text:
Talk:Simeon Solomon

Untitled
Is there a reason his sexual orientation is so promintly emphesized in the opening paragraph? Is he known as being a homosexual first, painter second? Stbalbach 00:02, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

'Homosexual' painter?
I agree - the man is famous (and in Wikipedia) for his painting, not his sex life.
 * For many people who may be interested in the history and culture of homosexuality, that may be the only reason they know about him. --Kstern999 16:47, 21 August 2006 (UTC)

Gay reference
The reference to his sex live needs to be put in context. Was he known to be gay at the time? Was it a scandal? Was it revolutionary? There has to be somthing to say about it. Otherwise being gay is not why hes encyclopedic, its trivial. Stbalbach 02:50, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

 * As the creator of the article I have no dispute over the removal of the respective content mentioned above, I thought I had better explain why it was there in the first place however. I started this article because it turned up as a red link when I added his misdemeanour to Gay cruising in the United Kingdom, I therefore arrived at the subject with little prior knowledge except what had been gleaned by google seraches and a heavy gay bias.  It can be said though that his court appearance was quite scandalous at the time, hence his escape to France. -- Francs2000 | Talk Flag of the United Kingdom.svg 10:40, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

See Bibliography
As far as I can see, Solomon's sexual orientation and ethnicity are both relevant to his work, certainly according to Colin Cruise's Love Revealed (2005). He used the Pre-Raphaelite style to commemorate Jewish community lives, and also gave some attention to homoeroticism in his work, as with "Socrates and His Agathodemon" and "Sappho and Erinna." Both of these depict obvious use of the stylistic school in question to tackle lesbian and gay themes. Note also his work on David and Jonathon, long a perennial source of fascination to lesbian and gay artists. Added to which, Gayle Seymour, one of his foremost rehabilitators, has published in lesbian and gay contexts. If you'd like an expanded bibliography, you might want to consult the reference section of the aforementioned book.

User Calibanu 15:00, 26 April 2006

Later Work
Moreover, it can be argued that Solomon's outing as a gay man certainly did affect the reception, reputation and distribution of his work, and is relevant for that reason.

User Calibanu 15:03, 26 April 2006
 * Being arrested certainly affected his life and career, and the causes of the arrest are relevant. --Kstern999 16:45, 21 August 2006 (UTC)

Restored materials
SatyrTN removed several items from this entry that should probably remain (or at least their removal should be explained more fully than a simple "rm trivia". Why are these "trivia"? By what criteria did you make this "judgment call"?). For an artist as obscure as Simeon Solomon, any links and references that will allow him to be more adequately considered are important, I feel, to retain -- especially a scholarly volume that reproduces a number of his artworks, several of which are unavailable online anywhere (Kaylor, pgs. 80, 217, 218, 223, 378, and 392), as well as mentions/considers Simeon Solomon on 41 occasions (I just did a word search of the online PDF of the book). Welland R 07:40, 20 September 2007 (UTC)

External links modified
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I have just modified one external link on Simeon Solomon. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070212022741/http://www.glbtq.com/arts/solomon_s.html to http://www.glbtq.com/arts/solomon_s.html

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Exhibitions
The list seems excessive and out-of-pro. There are Wiki pages on painters much better-known than him, that don't feature the exhibitions at anything like this length. Valetude (talk) 13:26, 30 July 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Simeon Solomon


text:
Bateinoi

The Bateinoi or Batini were a Germanic tribe recorded by the Roman scholar Claudius Ptolemy. According to Ptolemy they were located "above" (normally north in Ptolemy) the Banochaemae tribe, who were settled near the upper Elbe, and "below" (presumably south of) the Asciburgius mountain. That is all history knows for certain about them.

In general the area must be near the point where modern Germany, Poland and the Czech Republic meet. Based on the similarity of names in the region, it has been proposed that they lived in Bautzen in Saxony.

title: Bateinoi


text:
Emiliano Mutti

Emiliano Mutti is a geologist who has made significant contributions to petroleum geosciences, especially to sedimentary dynamics of turbidites and their reservoir characterization.

Emiliano Mutti was born in 1933 near the small lake Orta in northern Italy. During World War II his father Ido moved the family to the small mountain village of Nociveglia in the Northern Apennines. Surrounded by rocks and forests, Emiliano developed a love for the mountains that he has never lost. Later, when he realized that the rocks in this valley were turbidites, he returned to study them and produce classic papers on deep-water depositional systems.

Emiliano completed a master's degree in geology at the University of Milan in 1959. His thesis was on the stratigraphy and structure of Tertiary Macigno turbidites in the Northern Apennines. From 1960 to 1965, Emiliano was assistant professor of sedimentology at the University of Milan.

In 1965, interest in research led him to accept a job with the Esso Production Research Lab in Bordeaux, the European affiliate of Exxon Production Research Company in Houston. Through this connection, Emiliano met Chuck Campbell, and the two of them did field work in Italy.

After several weeks, Chuck invited Emiliano to the United States for additional training. The time spent with Chuck was a turning point in Emiliano's career. He describes the experience this way: "At that time I had a lot of experience in field mapping and knew turbidites quite well. Chuck realized that I didn't know anything else. He took me into the field in the States and taught me how to recognize fluvial and shallow- marine. Most importantly he taught me his stratigraphic approach" In 1969, Emiliano resigned from Esso to become a professor at the University of Torino. In 1971 he received his PhD and in 1975 he became a full professor. In 19sn Emiliano moved to the University of Parma where he was a full professor of sedimentary geology. Now he is retired.

During his career Emiliano has mainly worked on stratigraphy and sedimentology of turbidite basins in fold-thrust belts, notably in the Spanish Pyrenees, the northern Apennines, and Greece. Much of his work is summarized in classic papers co-authored with Franco Ricci Lucchi, and Bill Normark. Since 1989 his work has focused on stratigraphy and facies analysis of flood-dominated fluvio-deltaic deposits and their relationships to turbidite systems in many tectonically mobile basins worldwide.

Emiliano is a field geologist with a very strong passion for sedimentary rocks. Anyone who has been in the field with him knows that he is a master of observation and description. He always carries a sketchpad in the field; his sketches of outcrops are extraordinary for their detail and ability to sort out complex sedimentary relationships. All of his papers are characterized by superb photographs, which are the result for his love of photography. Emiliano has received numerous awards and honorary memberships in geological societies.

He has written over 100 scientific papers and several books on stratigraphy and turbidite systems. Professor Emiliano Mutti coached several geologists, mainly from Brazilian oil company Petrobras in various activities in the regions of the Spanish Pyrenees and the northern Apennines in Italy.

In 2004, E. Mutti won the Twenhofel Medal from SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology), which is the highest medal of recognition to a career of excellence in sedimentary geology.

Selected publications
E. Mutti, R. Tinterri, E. Remacha, N. Mavilla, S. Angella and L. Fava An Introduction to the Analysis of Ancient Turbidite Basins from an Outcrop Perspective, 1999, American Association of Petroleum Geologists

E. Mutti & G. Davoli, Turbidite Sandstones, 1992 - AGIP, Istituto di geologia, Università di Parma

E. Mutti, F.R. Lucchi, Turbidites of the Northern Apennines: Introduction to Facies Analysis, 1978, American Geological Institute

https://web.archive.org/web/20120201153300/http://www.sepmstrata.org/Deepwater/DeepwaterClasticSedStruct.html including a picture of Dr Mutti

title: Emiliano Mutti


text:
KCTV

KCTV (channel 5) is a television station in Kansas City, Missouri, United States, affiliated with CBS. It is owned by Gray Television alongside MyNetworkTV affiliate KSMO-TV (channel 62). The two stations share studios on Shawnee Mission Parkway in Fairway, Kansas; KCTV's transmitter facility, the KCTV Broadcast Tower, is located in the Union Hill section of Kansas City, Missouri.

Channel 5 was the fourth television channel to go on the air in Kansas City; KCMO-TV began broadcasting on September 27, 1953, as the television adjunct of KCMO radio. Originally an ABC affiliate, it switched to CBS in 1955 as part of a group affiliation agreement negotiated by the Meredith Corporation, which agreed to buy KCMO radio and television less than a week after KCMO-TV began broadcasting. In 1956, the present tower, a Kansas City landmark, was constructed to broadcast the station.

Over protests from Kansas City civic leaders, KCMO-TV moved its studio facilities to Fairway, Kansas, at the end of 1977. Meredith sold the KCMO radio stations in 1983; as this required the television station to change its call sign, it paid a Texas station $25,000 to release the call sign KCTV for use in Kansas City. Gray acquired Meredith in 2021.

Establishment
On January 26, 1948, the KCMO Broadcasting Corporation, owner of Kansas City radio station KCMO (810 AM), applied to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) for a permit to build a new television station on channel 5. It would be more than five years before that application was granted, largely because of a four-year freeze on TV station grants. Five different groups had pending applications for new TV stations in Kansas City: KCMO, the New England Broadcasting Company, and Kansas City radio stations KCKN, KMBC, and WHB. The freeze ended in April 1952, at which time KCMO and KMBC were already buying and storing equipment with an eye to starting TV stations, and KCMO had already identified the use of its KCMO-FM tower at its studios at 31st and Grand streets to telecast its station.

While KCMO had already applied for channel 5, KCKN had originally sought channel 2, which was removed from Kansas City in the final 1952 allocations; that station then amended its application to specify channel 5. New England Broadcasting had also filed for channel 5, but its application was dismissed by the FCC in January 1953.

The FCC granted the construction permit on June 3, 1953, at which time KCMO estimated that KCMO-TV would begin in about four months, bringing to the city additional network programs that WDAF-TV, the only pre-freeze TV station in the city, could not fit in its schedule. This was the first VHF station construction permit awarded in Kansas City since the end of the freeze; a UHF station, KCTY, had been awarded for channel 25. The grant of KCMO-TV's permit spurred KMBC and WHB, applicants for channel 9, to combine their bids and seek shared-time use of the channel. The FCC promptly approved on June 25, and KMBC-TV and WHB-TV began transmitting from an interim facility on August 2. Channel 9, under both licensees, would be the CBS affiliate in Kansas City; KCMO-TV by that point had set a start date of September 27, the end date of daylight saving time.

KCMO-TV made the September 27 start date, with an official dedication featuring former president Harry Truman as the guest of honor taking place on October 4. It took the ABC affiliation, giving Kansas City four channels for the four networks: NBC on WDAF-TV, CBS on KMBC-TV and WHB-TV, DuMont on KCTY, and ABC on KCMO-TV. Before the first week of telecasting on channel 5 had concluded, the KCMO Broadcasting Company sold itself to the Meredith Publishing Company of Des Moines, Iowa, for $2 million. Meredith executives, including company founder and namesake Edwin T. Meredith, had visited several weeks prior to tour the television facility. Edwin Meredith joked that he would like to have a radio and television property closer to Des Moines than its holdings in Syracuse, New York. He was more than joking; he expressed serious interest in the property to Tom L. Evans and Lester Cox, KCMO's stockholders, with Cox letting Evans sell the stations. This gave Meredith its fourth television station: it had built WHEN-TV in Syracuse and made radio-TV purchases in consecutive years that brought WOW-TV in Omaha, Nebraska (1951) and KPHO-TV in Phoenix, Arizona (1952) into the fold. DuMont programs moved to KCMO-TV in February 1954, when the network—having bought KCTY in an unsuccessful salvage attempt—opted to shut down that station. The network ceased operations in 1955.

Switch from ABC to CBS
In January 1955, Meredith reached a group affiliation deal with CBS covering its radio and television properties outside Phoenix. The agreement saw KCMO radio and television become CBS secondary outlets with immediate effect. The news was received, per a report in Variety, with "puzzlement" in Kansas City, where KMBC radio was the sixth-oldest CBS affiliate with more than 25 years of service to the network. KCMO-TV joined CBS and KMBC-TV joined ABC on September 28, 1955, with their radio counterparts exchanging affiliations on December 1. After a year of construction, in February 1956, the original KCMO-FM tower was replaced by the present tower on the site, then measuring 1042 ft, and the station began broadcasting at the maximum effective radiated power of 100,000 watts.

KCMO continued to broadcast from the 31st Street studios for more than 20 years. However, in 1976, under general manager Charles McAbee, it announced plans to move its operation from Kansas City across the state line to Fairway, Kansas, where it planned to build a studio facility twice the size. Members of city government expressed dismay at the proposed relocation of the radio and television stations and even suggested dismantling the large tower beside the studios as an icing hazard; McAbee claimed to have scouted six sites in Kansas City itself, including Crown Center. Kansas City councilmembers went as far as to allow the legal department to protest the continued use of the KCMO call letters if the radio and television operations moved to Fairway, though the FCC and a federal appeals court rebuffed their challenges. Kansas City's public television station, KCPT, then agreed to purchase the 31st Street studios from KCMO; however, KCMO-TV itself would continue to be broadcast from the tower at the site. The Fairway move was completed at the end of 1977.

Becoming KCTV
In 1982, Meredith announced it would sell the Kansas City radio stations to Richard Fairbanks, retaining the television station; it noted that the radio properties were not meeting its "growth objectives". The separation of KCMO radio from KCMO-TV required one or the other to change its call sign upon completion of the sale. Meredith found its new call letters for channel 5 in San Angelo, Texas, where KCTV had been on the air with that designation since 1957. KCMO-TV approached the Texas station, which agreed to seek new call letters, leaving KCTV open to be claimed in Kansas City; the Texas station was reimbursed for all of its expenses in changing over. The KCTV in Texas became KLST in March 1983, and KCMO-TV became KCTV on June 6, 1983, with the station launching a promotional campaign among advertisers and the public.

When a major affiliate realignment caused WDAF-TV to switch affiliations from NBC to Fox in 1994, the displaced NBC network wooed KCTV as an affiliate. However, CBS was also courting Meredith and ultimately able to secure an affiliation agreement for KCTV, KPHO-TV in Phoenix, and WNEM-TV in Saginaw, Michigan, the latter two becoming new CBS affiliates.

Meredith entered into a $26.8 million agreement to acquire the non-license assets of KSMO-TV (channel 62), then an affiliate of The WB owned by Sinclair Broadcast Group, in November 2004, immediately assuming responsibility for KSMO's advertising sales and administrative operations under a joint sales agreement and moving its staff to the KCTV facility in Fairway. It also had an option to buy the station if FCC rules so approved for a further $6.7 million. Meredith then filed to buy KSMO-TV outright in January 2005, a transaction that required a failing station waiver from the FCC as there would be fewer than eight unique owners of TV stations in the market. On the grounds that KSMO-TV's revenue and market share had steadily declined in the preceding five years, the commission granted the waiver in September 2005, approving the transaction. It created the third duopoly in Kansas City, alongside KSHB-TV with KMCI-TV and, KMBC-TV with KCWE.

KCTV was the CBS affiliate of record in St. Joseph, Missouri, from 1967—when local station KFEQ-TV switched from CBS to ABC —until June 1, 2017, when locally based KBJO-LD (channel 30, which concurrently became KCJO-LD) switched its primary affiliation from Telemundo to CBS. A month later, KCTV was removed from Suddenlink's St. Joseph cable system.

Sale to Gray Television
On May 3, 2021, after 68 years of Meredith ownership, Gray Television announced its intent to purchase the Meredith Local Media division, including KCTV and KSMO, for $2.7 billion. The sale was completed on December 1.

News operation
From 1979 to 1994, the team of Wendall Anschutz and Anne Peterson—who both served as the main anchors of KCTV's weekday evening newscasts—led the station's newscasts to first place among the Kansas City market's three main local television news outlets of the time period. The pairing endured in some form through 2001, making it the longest-lasting in Kansas City television. In 1981, channel 5 had the first 10 p.m. newscast in the market to reach a 40 share—40 percent of homes watching TV at that time. However, the station spent most of the 1980s and early 1990s in a competitive battle with KMBC-TV and WDAF-TV for news viewers. It was also the first television station in the United States to begin closed captioning of its local newscasts in 1982—years ahead of Boston's WCVB-TV, which claimed to be the first to do so in 1986.

By the early 1990s, KMBC-TV had taken a clear first place in the market, particularly among more desirable younger viewers. As part of a major overhaul of the station's news programming, in 1993, longtime sportscaster Don Fortune and reporter Marty Lanus were both let go. At that time, the station also launched weekend morning newscasts, becoming the second Kansas City outlet to do so behind WDAF-TV and complementing the launch of weekday morning news a year earlier. However, ratings continued to slide to lows not seen since the early 1980s. Though figures improved to the point where channel 5 narrowly edged out channel 9 in 1996, but its ratings slid back in most time periods during 1998.

KCTV's news presentation underwent a major overhaul under Kirk Black, whom Meredith promoted from WNEM-TV to serve as KCTV's general manager in 2001, and news director Regent Ducas, hired in April 2002. The goal was to overtake KMBC-TV as the top-rated television news operation in Kansas City. The major changes included the assignment of the station's news anchors to conduct field reports, the expansion of its weekday morning newscast to a then-unusual 4:30 a.m. in December 2001, and the debut of a late-afternoon newscast to 4:30 p.m. on March 4, 2002. Six months after Ducas's hiring, KCTV adopted "Live. Late-Breaking. Investigative." as its new slogan and unveiled a new, darker-colored news set and new logo with a larger 5. After a major severe weather outbreak in May 2003 where the station opted to continue with live coverage helmed by meteorologist Katie Horner, KCTV became aggressive in preempting regular programming for severe weather coverage, sparking the ire of some viewers.

Another radical change occurred on November 17, 2003, when the station announced that it would shut down its in-house sports department and entered into an outsourcing agreement with local sports cable channel Metro Sports (now Spectrum Sports), using its staff at the channel's Swope Park facility to cover local professional, college, and high school sports events. Under the terms of the deal, the channel would produce sports segments seen on KCTV's evening newscasts seven nights a week, as well as sports specials and Kansas City Chiefs–related programs produced for the station. Sports anchors William Jackson and Leif Lisec and sports reporter Neal Jones were terminated by KCTV after sports production transferred to Metro Sports on February 9, 2004. Though Kirk Black cited research that indicated that most news viewers were not interested in sports, the move was criticized by many local sports radio hosts, who thought that Black's decision to shutter the sports department showed his lack of understanding the market's rabid sports fanbase, and by the station's union, as the non-union Metro Sports replaced KCTV's own employees. The Metro Sports arrangement ended in 2009 and was supplanted by a deal with Kansas City sports radio station WHB. The outsourcing of sports ended in 2010, when KCTV reestablished a sports department by hiring Lawrence, Kansas, native Michael Coleman as sports director; he remained at the station until 2017.

The station's change in direction saw several additional talent exits, and newsroom turnover was heavy. In addition to veterans Stan Cramer, Anschutz, and others who were among 170 company employees to take voluntary retirement packages in 2001, several veteran reporters, including 23-year employee Reed Black and 29-year reporter Geri Gosa, departed in 2002; while anchor Russell Kinsaul had his contract not renewed in 2004 and was hired at KMOV in St. Louis, KCTV saw its news ratings increase.

There were also controversies around the newsroom, some caused by the station's investigative reports. A series of reports conducted in partnership with Perverted Justice in the style of the later NBC series To Catch a Predator created legal issues: of the 16 people lured by KCTV's sting, none could be arrested, but three filed defamation complaints and another sued Meredith and Perverted Justice alleging entrapment. The Columbia Journalism Review chided reporter Dave Helling for a 2004 report in which he misrepresented the type of ammonium nitrate he bought in a report about illegal sales of the fertilizer in Kansas, KCTV was enjoined by Kansas courts from using information it had obtained about patients of a plastic surgeon in Mission Hills, Kansas, who had discarded a computer containing private patient data only for it to be found by a scavenger and the data turned over to the station; however, it did broadcast a report featuring one anonymous patient, and the doctor faced a class action lawsuit from the patients.

In 2007, a longtime newscast director sued Meredith and charged that the company had engaged in systematic harassment and dismissal of older employees. A judge denied KCTV's move to dismiss the suit; station management later reached a monetary settlement with the plaintiff.

As part of the acquisition of KSMO-TV, Meredith promised to add a newscast to its lineup for its first time. The 30-minute KCTV 5 News at 9:00 debuted in October 2005, following the closure of the Meredith purchase, promising the same experience "lock, stock, and barrel" as the station offered at 10 p.m. even though KCTV general manager Kirk Black had previously declared it would have its own presentation style. By 2010, the station was also airing a 7 a.m. morning newscast and simulcasting a noon newscast also aired on KCTV. Though the station also experimented with a 6:30 p.m. newscast on KSMO in 2014, this newscast had been canceled by 2018, when channel 62 shifted to airing news in the 7 p.m. hour.

Black left in 2009 when Meredith promoted him to run its largest and most troubled television station, WGCL-TV in Atlanta. Citing research showing that the station was perceived as "annoying", his successor, Brian Totsch, moved to tone down the station's style, ditching the "live, late-breaking, investigative" tagline he called a "punchline"; reducing the number of severe weather cut-ins; and dismissing lead investigative reporter Ash-har Quraishi. Ratings fell, and KCTV was in third place again by 2011. However, the station's performance outside of news continued to be strong: in 2013, it won total-day ratings, especially prime time, despite not winning any of the local news races, which were split among WDAF-TV and KMBC-TV.

After being abruptly let go in 2015, former news anchor Karen Fuller sued Meredith, alleging age discrimination specific to female anchors, though Meredith cited poor performance as the reason for her dismissal. Though a district judge in Kansas refused to dismiss the case, before it was to go to trial in Kansas City, Kansas, the two parties settled in 2018.

As KCMO-TV, the station won a Peabody Award in 1978 for a documentary, "Where Have All The Flood Cars Gone?", on the sale of damaged cars after a flood hit the Kansas City area. The story was reported by investigative reporter John Ferrugia.

Sports programming
From 2002 through 2019, KCTV was the preseason television home of Kansas City Chiefs football and associated coaches shows, complementing its carriage of most of the team's regular-season games as part of CBS's NFL rights. On September 21, 2019, the Chiefs announced that KSHB-TV and KMCI-TV would become their official broadcast partners, replacing KCTV after 17 years.

Local non-news programming
KCTV previously produced the talk and lifestyle program Better Kansas City, which aired weekday mornings at 9 a.m. and was produced independently from the station's news department. The program, which initially debuted in 2012, was formatted after the national Meredith-distributed lifestyle program Better.

Notable former on-air staff

 * Karen Foss – anchor (1978–1979)
 * Don Harrison – reporter and anchor (1962–1973)

Subchannels
The station's signal is multiplexed: {{legend|#DFEBF6|Broadcast on behalf of another station}}

KCTV transmits the main channel of KSMO-TV, one of Kansas City's two ATSC 3.0 (NextGen TV) stations; channel 62 began broadcasting an ATSC 3.0 signal in August 2021.

Analog-to-digital conversion
KCTV signed on its digital signal on October 15, 2002, but it was not until November 2003 that the station began broadcasting network programming in high definition. The station ended analog broadcasts on VHF channel 5, at 9 a.m. on June 12, 2009, the official date on which full-power television stations in the United States transitioned from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate. The station's digital signal continued to broadcast on its pre-transition UHF channel 24, using virtual channel 5.

Tower
Since February 1956, KCTV has been broadcast from a 1042 ft, four-sided transmission tower located at its now-former studios at 31st and Grand streets in the Union Hill neighborhood, south of downtown Kansas City. This replaced a shorter tower at the same site. Even after the move to Fairway, KCTV has continued to be broadcast from this facility, though there were calls from Kansas City leaders to dismantle it as part of the move, citing the danger from falling ice in winter. Falling ice from the tower has been known to damage nearby cars and homes and require police to block off adjacent streets.

The tower has had several different lighting schemes in its history, mostly having been lit in white lights. It first went dark for a year during the 1973 energy crisis; it was flashed on in the evening and then turned off as a reminder to Kansas Citians to conserve electricity. Beginning in 1989, the lights were flashed for a time in upward- or downward-moving patterns to suggest the day's weather forecast. For a time after the September 11 attacks, the lights were changed to red, white, and blue. The tower has not been lit since 2004, when it was turned off because most of the 1,360 light bulbs had burned out. Though a nonprofit organization called The Tower KC, Inc., proposed relighting the tower as an art piece in 2015 and converting the lights from incandescent bulbs to LEDs, the program did not materialize, and by 2018, the station had no plans to reactivate the lights.

The tower was originally nicknamed the "Eye-full Tower"; Kansas City's building commissioner had compared its design to the Eiffel Tower in Paris. It was taller than the Eiffel Tower when built, though a television antenna was later added to the Paris tower, increasing its height.

title: KCTV


text:
Irgalem

Yirgalem (ይርጋለም, Yïrgaläm) locally known as Diko Dalle alternate names include Yirgalem, Abosto, Dalle) is a town in southern Ethiopia. Surrounded by Lakes Woyima and Gidawo, it is located 260 kilometers south of Addis Ababa and 40 kilometers south of Awasa in the Sidama Zone of the Sidama Region. The town has a latitude and longitude of 6.75°N, 38.41667°W and an elevation of 1776 meters. It is the largest settlement in Dale woreda.

Postal service is provided by a main branch; electricity and telephone service are also available.

History
Yirgalem was occupied by the Italians 1 December 1936 during their campaign against the remaining Ethiopian Army of Sidamo under Ras Desta Damtew. The town was capital of Sidamo Province until after the 1975 takeover by the Derge regime, when it was moved to Awassa.

Around 1957 there was no telephone landline connecting Irgalem; telecommunications were provided by a radio station. The next year, the town was one of 27 places in Ethiopia ranked as First Class Township. Installation of the landline between Irgalem and Addis Ababa was completed in late 1960. By that time a branch of the Ethiopian Electric Light and Power Authority had started operation at Irgalem.

The Mekane Yesus Church held its Eighth General Assembly at Irgalem in 1973. The Assembly passed a resolution requesting land reform in Ethiopia - a reform which was in fact put into action a couple of years later, as a result of the Ethiopian Revolution.

A large integrated agro-industrial park is being built in the town and construction began on March 14. The park is expected to create 134,000 jobs for the region.

Demographics
Based on figures from the Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia published in 2005, Yirgalem has an estimated total population of 43,815 of whom 21,840 are men and 21,975 women. The 1994 national census reported this town had a total population of 24,183 of whom 12,092 were men and 12,091 were women.

title: Irgalem


text:
1-Butyne

1-Butyne is an organic compound with the formula CH3CH2C\tCH. It is a terminal alkyne. The compound is a common terminal alkyne substrate in diverse studies of catalysis. It is a colorless combustible gas.

1-Butyne participates in reactions typical for terminal alkynes, such as alkyne metathesis, hydrogenation, condensation with formaldehyde. Based on its heat of combustion, it is slightly more stable than its isomer 2-butyne.

title: 1-Butyne


text: Template:Duke of Edinburgh class cruiser


text:
Erwan Vallerie

Erwan Vallerie (1944 – 10 February 2022) was a French Breton nationalist and cultural activist.

Life and career
Born in France, Vallerie worked as an economist when he founded the monthly periodical Sav Breizh with Yann Choucq (Debout Bretagne, Stand Brittany) in 1969. In 1971 it became a bi-monthly study review. It continued in this direction until it dissolved in 1975. Vallerie then concentrated on historic and linguistic research.

He died from a fall on 10 February 2022, at the age of 77.

Works

 * Théorie de la Nation, published in 1971 at the time of the transformation of Sav Breizhen to a study review.
 * Communes bretonnes et paroisses d’Armorique, Beltan, Brasparts, 1986, ISBN 2-905939-04-4
 * Diazezoù studi istorel an anvioù-parrez = Traité de toponymie historique de la Bretagne, An Here, Le Relecq-Kerhuon, 1995, 3 vol., ISBN 2-86843-153-4 (Breton text and French translation)
 * thèse de doctorat sous le titre Traité de toponymie historique de la Bretagne (Breton text and French translation)
 * L’art et la manière de prononcer ces sacrés noms de lieu de Bretagne, Le Chasse-Marée / ArMen, Douarnenez, 1996, ISBN 2-903708-63-0
 * Théorie de la Nation reeditied with three other essays, ("Theory of the nation", "Place of the language in the fight for national liberation", "Europe versus Brittany", and "Our barbaric locals"), reedited between 1971 and 1976, under the title "Our barbaric locals", by An Here in 1997.
 * Ils sont fous ces Bretons !!, trousse de survie pour découvreur des Armoriques, Spézet, Coop Breizh editions, 2003. (with the illustrator Nono)

title: Erwan Vallerie


text:
Free Parking

Free Parking is a Parker Brothers card game inspired by the "Free Parking" space of the Monopoly board game.

Game play
The game is played by two to four players, and game play focuses around using time on a parking meter to gain points; the first to 200 points wins. Each player has their own parking meter and a hand of cards. A player begins a turn by drawing a card, always drawing enough to reach six cards in their hand. The player then plays one of the following cards on his turn:

 * Point cards, which deduct time from the player's meter in exchange for points. They come in multiples of 10 up through 60 points, and have pictures corresponding to illustrations in the Monopoly game, as well as captions such as "with your banker" or "meeting your cousin at the bus station" – errands on which to spend the time on one's meter.
 * Feed the Meter cards, which add time to the player's meter. They come in increments of 20, 30, 40, and 60 minutes.
 * Free Parking, which protects him from Officer Jones until his next turn. The player of this card flips his meter so that the Free Parking symbol faces outward (rather than toward the player, the default setting).  At the start of his next turn, he is allowed to play a point card without deducting time from his meter.
 * Time Expires, which forces another player to reduce his meter to 0 minutes (making him "in violation").

There are two cards that may be played at any time and do not count as cards played on one's turn:
 * Officer Jones, which may be played against any player who is "in violation." When used, the selected player must discard one of his played point cards, lowering his current point total. One house rule is to make the Officer Jones card universal – that is, when played, it affects all players "in violation", even potentially the one who played it.
 * Talk Your Way Out of It, which cancels any action against the one who plays it, including Officer Jones and many Second Chance cards.

In addition to these cards, on his turn, a player may choose to draw an orange Second Chance card (derived from Monopoly's Chance cards). These cards cause a variety of effects, including moving meters up and down, taking and giving point cards, and even trading hands, meters, or places between players. The images on the Second Chance cards, like those on the point cards, have their origins in the Monopoly game.

If a player so desires, instead of drawing and playing a card on his turn, he may opt to exchange three cards. He discards three cards from his hand and then draws three new cards from the pile, bringing his hand back to five cards – the same number as if he had drawn up to six and played a card on his turn. When taking this option, the player forgoes his opportunity to play a card, but not to take a Second Chance card; he may still elect to take one following the card exchange.

title: Free Parking


text:
The Agony and the Ecstasy (film)

The Agony and the Ecstasy is a 1965 American historical drama film directed by Carol Reed and starring Charlton Heston as Michelangelo and Rex Harrison as Pope Julius II. The film was partly based on Irving Stone's 1961 biographical novel of the same name, and deals with the conflicts of Michelangelo and Pope Julius II during the 1508–1512 painting of the Sistine Chapel ceiling. It also features a soundtrack by prolific composers Alex North and Jerry Goldsmith.

The film was shot in Todd-AO and Cinemascope versions. The Todd-AO version was used for the DVD release because of its superior picture quality.

Plot
The film opens in documentary style, chronicling the work of Michelangelo Buonarroti. It then follows Michelangelo, a renowned sculptor of the Republic of Florence in the early 16th century, and shows him at work on large-scale sculptures near St. Peter's Basilica. When Pope Julius II commissions him to paint the Sistine Chapel, Michelangelo resists because he finds the ceiling's paneled layout of the Twelve Apostles uninspiring. Nonetheless, he is forced into taking the job. During the initial attempt, Michelangelo is discontented with the results, and destroys the frescoes. He flees to Carrara, and then into the mountains where he finds inspiration from nature.

Michelangelo returns and is allowed to paint the entire vault in a variety of newly designed biblical scenes based on the Book of Genesis, which the Pope approves. The work proceeds nonstop, even with Mass in session. Once, Michelangelo faced opposition and criticism from the Pope's cardinals, due to its depictons of nudity in the paintings. As months turn to years, Michelangelo's work is threatened when he collapses due to fatigue. He is nursed back to health by Contessina de' Medici, daughter of his old friend Lorenzo de' Medici. After recovering, Michelangelo returns to work after learning he is at risk of being replaced by Raphael, whom the Pope commissions him to paint the reception rooms of the Papal palace.

Meanwhile, the Papal States are threatened during the War of the League of Cambrai. Preparing for battle and having reached the limits of his patience, the Pope terminates Michelangelo's contract, and has the scaffolding torn down. Raphael, impressed with the work in progress, asks Michelangelo to show humility and finish the ceiling. Michelangelo travels to see the injured and weakened Pope, and pleads for him to restore the patronage. Though the Pope believes an invasion of Rome is inevitable, he raises the money needed to resume work on the ceiling, which Michelangelo plans to sell his marble used for the Pope's tomb.

One night, Michelangelo finds the ailing Pope inspecting the portrait of God in The Creation of Adam, which the Pope declares "a proof of faith" yet doubts Michelangelo's conception of God as merciful and Adam as innocent, then the Pope collapses and becomes bedridden. Though everyone assumes that the Pope will die, Michelangelo goads him into having the will to live and to finish his work and asks permission to allow him return to Florence, the request the Pope refused. As Michelangelo leaves, the Pope recovers by leaving his deathbed and upon seeing the cardinals and the monks as well the choir, he angrily shooed them away. The tide of war turns in favor of the Papal States, as allies (Including England and Spain) pledge to assist the Pope.

A Mass is held in which the congregation is shown the completed ceiling, to a positive response. After the ceremony, Michelangelo asks to begin carving the Pope's tomb. Realizing he has a short time to live, the Pope agrees. Together, the two admire the masterpiece until the Pope gives Michelangelo another commission to paint a new fresco behind the altarpiece to replace the dilapidated ones (and gives Michelangelo the choice of subject like the crucifixion or the last judgment). As the Pope leaves, Michelangelo turns back to look at the space behind the altarpiece, where he would later paint his Last Judgement 25 years later.

Production
Film rights to the novel were bought by 20th Century Fox for a reported $125,000. The head of the studio was Peter Levathes, and Burt Lancaster was linked to the film. In 1962, Fox almost collapsed due to cost over-runs on a number of films, notably Cleopatra. This resulted in Darryl F. Zanuck returning to run the studio. He installed his son Richard D. Zanuck as head of production.

In January 1963, Richard Zanuck signed Philip Dunne to write the script. In October 1963, Zanuck announced the film would be one of six "roadshow" movies the company would make over the next 12 months, worth $42 million all up. The others would be The Day Custer Fell (turned into Custer of the West), Those Magnificent Men in Their Flying Machines, Justine, The Sound of Music and The Sand Pebbles. In November 1963, Charlton Heston signed to play the lead. Fox wanted Rex Harrison to co star and he wanted Fred Zinnemann to direct. By January, Carol Reed was set to direct and Rex Harrison to co star.

Shooting
The film's production schedule ran from June 1964 to September 1964. When it came time to film the feature, the Sistine Chapel could not be used, and it was recreated on a sound stage at Cinecittà Studios in Rome. During the production, Rex Harrison and Charlton Heston did not get along. (Reed and Heston had originally wanted Laurence Olivier for Pope Julius, but he was unavailable.) Twelve years later, while filming The Prince and the Pauper, Harrison completely avoided Heston.

According to his diary, Heston was interested in playing Michelangelo before any studios decided to produce the film. Once cast in the part, he was excited to act under Reed, who had directed The Third Man (1949). Heston felt that this would be the film to resurrect Reed's directorial reputation, describing it as having the best audience-preview responses of any film he had ever seen. However, it only did modest business at the box office.

Box office
The film grossed around $4,000,000 during its US theatrical run in 1965. It later went on to make about $8,166,000 worldwide in rentals. In September 1970 Fox estimated the film had lost the studio $5,281,000.

Critical reception
Bosley Crowther of The New York Times felt the film was, "not a strong and soaring drama but an illustrated lecture on a slow artist at work." He sympathized with the Pope and his mounting impatience with Michelangelo, criticizing Heston's acting as lacking any warmth to endear him to the audience. Furthermore, he believed the script suffered from being "wordy."

In a 2013 retrospective review in The Guardian, Alex von Tunzelmann noted that the film's "intent to inform is laudable, but a fictional film should really be able to convey its subject without a lecture," and echoed Crowther's observation that "the screenplay goes heavy on the dialogue, light on the action." She laments that the sex-less film fails to reveal "the real Michelangelo's passions" (particularly his reputed attraction to men), and concluded the film would have been more interesting "if it were told with a lot more humour and a lot less prudishness."

Accolades
The film was nominated for five Academy Awards:
 * Best Art Direction, color (John DeCuir, Jack Martin Smith, and Dario Simoni)
 * Best Cinematography, color (Leon Shamroy)
 * Best Costume Design, color (Vittorio Nino Novarese)
 * Best Original Score (Alex North)
 * Best Sound (James Corcoran)

It was nominated for two Golden Globe Awards:
 * Best Actor (Rex Harrison)
 * Best Screenplay (Philip Dunne)

It won two awards from the National Board of Review:
 * Best Supporting Actor (Harry Andrews)
 * One of the Year's 10 Best

It won the Best Foreign Film at the David di Donatello Awards.

title: The Agony and the Ecstasy (film)


text: Category:User nap-1

title: Category:User nap-1