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Meols Cop railway station

Meols Cop railway station serves the Blowick suburb of the coastal town of Southport, Merseyside, England. The station has an island platform and is served by Northern Trains‘ Manchester Victoria/Manchester Piccadilly - Southport via Wigan Wallgate branch services, on which it is the last stop before the terminus.

History
Meols Cop railway station opened on 1 November 1887, originally as part of the Liverpool, Southport and Preston Junction Railway from Southport Central to Altcar and Hillhouse. It is the only part of that line still in use, having replaced a section of the Manchester and Southport Railway. The LP&SJR struggled financially from opening and was absorbed by the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway in July 1897. Within four years, the new owners of the line had diverted services to their established terminus at Chapel Street along with those of the West Lancashire Railway from Preston, with Central being relegated to use as a goods depot.

The line through Meols Cop was electrified in February 1909 by the L&YR to exploit the area's potential for commuter traffic, with the popular electric service between Southport and Crossens being diverted there over the north to east side of the triangular junction with WLR, which was sited immediately to the west. Services then reversed at the station before continuing to either Southport or Churchtown & Crossens. The L&Y subsequently opened a carriage maintenance depot within the triangle nearby to maintain their new Electric Multiple Unit fleet in 1912.

In February 1911 a connection from the LS&PJR route to join the Wigan line at Pool Hey Junction was opened, which allowed trains from Wigan (and Ormskirk) to Southport to serve the station - this would later allow the closure of the original M&SR route via Blowick and the removal of the busy level crossing there. For much of the station's life though, its train service was provided mainly by the Crossens to Southport EMUs (a few of which continued through to/from Liverpool Exchange) and the Southport to Altcar trains, which from 1906 were provided by steam railmotors.

By 1926, the Altcar Bob service had been cut back to Barton and it was subsequently withdrawn completely by the London, Midland and Scottish Railway in September 1938. Goods traffic continued over the line until complete closure in January 1952.

The third rail was only used for access to the carriage works after the September 1964 closure of the Southport-Crossens service, which became a victim of the Beeching Axe (along with the WLR main line) despite being used by over 2 million passenger per year. This left the station with a much reduced service to Southport & Wigan, which initially was only provided at morning & evening peak periods. From 14 June 1965, all trains on the Wigan route were routed through the station with the closure of the Blowick line, but it was not until the spring 1967 timetable change that off-peak calls were reinstated. The Wigan to Southport line had not been recommended for closure by Beeching in his 1963 report, but British Rail subsequently submitted a closure proposal for the route and Meols Cop station in May 1967. This was eventually rejected by the Minister for Transport exactly a year later, securing the station's future. Goods traffic however ceased to be handled in November 1967, with the closure of the goods yard.

The Meols Cop Electric depot closed on 14 February 1970, and the third rail was lifted shortly afterwards. The station remained well served though, with over 20 trains calling in each direction in the May 1975 timetable and this frequency remained more or less unchanged for the next two decades. Sunday services however ceased in the mid 1980s and the station became unstaffed in 1990, subsequently losing its wooden buildings to demolition in March 2000 (replacement 'bus stop' style shelters being erected the following month). However, Sunday services have resumed.

In early January 2016, CCTV cameras were installed at the station.

Facilities
This station is unmanned and only accessible via stairs. There is no disabled access at this station.

The station is equipped with Dot-matrix display departure and arrival screens on the platform for passenger information. A self-service ticket machine has been installed on the island platform. Passengers must purchase tickets from this machine using a debit or credit card before boarding a train. Passengers wishing to pay by cash must use the ticket machine to gain a Promise to Pay notice for their journey so that they can pay the fare with the on board conductor or at the destination station.

This route has penalty fares in operation so failure to produce a valid ticket or Promise to Pay notice can result in you paying twice the amount of the original fare or Twenty Pounds (whichever is greater).

Services
There is a half hourly service in each direction to Southport and both Manchester stations on weekdays & Saturdays (alternately to Victoria and Manchester Oxford Road). Most services continue beyond Victoria to Stalybridge, though the last eastbound train terminates at Wigan. Passengers for stations on the Atherton line need to change at Wigan, whilst those for Manchester Piccadilly and points south or east must change at Oxford Road.

The station was closed on Sundays up until the December 2008 timetable change, but is now served hourly in each direction (eastbound to Blackburn via Victoria and Todmorden).

Sundays see Meols Cop served by one train per hour to Manchester Victoria via Walkden and one train per hour to Southport. Passengers for Westhoughton and Bolton need to change at Hindley.

Community
The station is voluntarily maintained by the Friends of Meols Cop Station group. The group looks after the station by tending the gardens and keeping the station clean and tidy.

title: Meols Cop railway station


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The Troubleshooters (British TV series)

The Troubleshooters (titled Mogul for the first series) is a British television series made by the BBC between 1965 and 1972, created by John Elliot. It recounted events in an international oil company – the "Mogul" of the title. The first series was mostly concerned with the internal politics within the Mogul organisation, with episodes revolving around industrial espionage, internal fraud and negligence almost leading to an accident on a North Sea oil rig.

The series' upbeat theme music was by Tom Springfield, brother of Dusty.

Cast

 * Brian Stead (Geoffrey Keen 1965–72), Mogul's tough Deputy Managing Director.
 * Peter Thornton (Ray Barrett 1965–72), company field agent (i.e. "troubleshooter").
 * Alec Stewart (Robert Hardy 1966–70), ruthlessly ambitious "troubleshooter" keen to rise up the promotional ladder.
 * Willy Izard (Philip Latham 1965–72), head of finance at Mogul.
 * Robert Driscoll (Barry Foster 1965), Mogul's head of public relations.
 * Derek Prentice (Ronald Hines 1965), head of personnel at Mogul.
 * Jane Webb (Philippa Gail 1965–66, 1970–71), Stead's efficient secretary.
 * Eileen O'Rourke (Isobel Black 1967–68), ambitious public relations assistant at Mogul.
 * "Steve" Thornton (Justine Lord 1965–66, 1968), glamorous woman unhappily married to troubleshooter Peter Thornton.
 * Roz Stewart (Deborah Stanford 1966–70), Alec Stewart's wife, keen to strike out in business on her own, opening a London boutique.
 * James Langley (John Carson 1971–72)
 * Dr. Ginny Vickers (Jayne Sofiano 1967–69)
 * Charles Grandmercy (Edward de Souza 1967–68)
 * Joan Izard (Margaret Ward 1965, 1967, 1969, 1971)
 * Julie Serres (Virginia Wetherell 1967)
 * Miss Jenkins (Beryl Cooke 1970–71)
 * Henry Wynn (Peter Sallis 1970)

The Troubleshooters
Although Mogul was popular, it did not do as well as hoped for. However, it was renewed for a second series with the format radically changed. The show was renamed The Troubleshooters and it altered its focus, broadening its horizons by showing the actual workings of the company. The series now focused on the younger, dynamic Mogul field agents - the eponymous "troubleshooters" - like Peter Thornton, who flew around the world to "hotspots" to protect the company's interests.

Storylines
The show's storylines concentrated on disasters such as explosions and earthquakes, company take-overs, racial and political tensions, the discovery of new oil fields and the negotiation of drilling rights. There was extensive use of stock footage of locations.

As time went on, The Troubleshooters began to experiment with ongoing narratives as storylines arched over several series. Because of the nature of his profession requiring him to be away from home, Peter Thornton found his marriage to the glamorous Steve collapsing. Brian Stead was diagnosed with a heart condition, and he struggled to maintain control of Mogul at the top. Ranged against him was new "troubleshooter" Alec Stewart, a young, ruthless operative keen to progress in the organisation with his eye on Stead's position. Stead kept sending Stewart out on dangerous assignments in the hope that he would fail, but Stewart was able to work every situation to his advantage. In the latter series, a rival oil company to Mogul was introduced – Zenith.

The Troubleshooters never shied away from portraying Mogul as a faceless, uncaring and profit-driven corporation. Some episodes showcased industrial crisis through the perspective of striking Teesside dockyard workers and foregrounded ecological concerns through storylines about local opposition to a Mogul refinery in Wales and a chemical offshoot of Mogul's, which developed a crop spray with deadly side effects. There was also no loyalty or sentimentality amongst the Mogul men – Peter Thornton, sent to the Arctic by Brian Stead to investigate possible oil concessions, nearly freezes to death and considers getting out of the oil business entirely. In another episode, Thornton is sent to Saigon, against the backdrop of the Vietnam War. Alec Stewart is arrested in Algiers as a spy and imprisoned – although eventually released, he receives little trust or support from his colleagues. Brian Stead, returning to Berlin for the first time since 1945 to oversee a natural gas drilling deal, finds his past coming back to haunt him in a nasty plot to discredit him by a rival company.

The Troubleshooters and the real-life oil industry
The Mogul organisation was reputed to have been based on BP and there were many similarities and coincidences in terms of the international events The Troubleshooters predicted.

 * 1) BP struck oil in Alaska and three days later, Mogul did the same on television. However, this particular episode had been produced four months earlier.
 * 2) In another episode, Mogul took over a chemical company – and BP did the same a few days later.
 * 3) The Troubleshooters predicted that there would be a channel tunnel and also that men would live in underwater houses to probe the seabed for oil. Both predictions came true.
 * 4) An episode was made that showed an explosion in the North Sea, just before a real-life explosion occurred, and the RAF was forced to set fire to the sea as warning to shipping.
 * 5) The series also predicted to within 0.1 of a penny, the price that oil companies would charge the Gas Council for North Sea gas.
 * 6) Lead actor Geoffrey Keen, who played Brian Stead, even found himself invited to the Oil Industries Club dinner, where he was warmly greeted by his "fellow" executives.

Conclusion
The Troubleshooters lasted for seven series from 1965 to 1972, making the transition from black-and-white to colour along the way. In the final episodes, Brian Stead maintains control of Mogul and fends off hostile enemies, but at the cost of his own health. Stead eventually steps down as company director, but not before finally naming his successor.

Today the legacy of The Troubleshooters lies in its bridging the gap between "quality drama" and populist entertainment and charting a linear path trod by later British television serials, such as The Brothers and Howards' Way. The series struck a chord with the 1960s audience thanks to its format - a potent combination of the oil business, globe trotting power politics, corporate wheeler-dealing and sex. It had parallels with the contemporaneous ATV board-room drama The Plane Makers (later renamed The Power Game).

Archive status
The series was subject to the BBC's wiping policy of the era, but some episodes still remain in the BBC archive, including the series opener "Kelly's Eye". Only one colour episode survives as broadcast ("Camelot on a Clear Day", a copy of which can be viewed at the National Media Museum in Bradford, UK); all other existing colour episodes only survive in the form of black-and-white film recordings.

A previously missing episode from series two - "Birdstrike" - was returned to the BBC by a private collector in May 2010, with the assistance of classic TV organisation Kaleidoscope.

Another episode previously missing from series two - “Is That Tiger, Man?” (Originally broadcast: 30 April 1966) - was announced in October 2023 to have been recovered with the assistance of Film is Fabulous! and De Montfort University’s Cinema and Television History Institute (CATHI).

DVD release
The five surviving episodes of series one were released on DVD in the UK by Danann Publishing Ltd. in 2016.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: The Troubleshooters (British TV series)


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Applix

Applix Inc. was a computer software company founded in 1983 based in Westborough, Massachusetts that published Applix TM1, a multi-dimensional online analytical processing (MOLAP) database server, and related presentation tools, including Applix Web and Applix Executive Viewer. Together, Applix TM1, Applix Web and Applix Executive Viewer were the three core components of the Applix Business Analytics Platform. (Executive Viewer was subsequently discontinued by IBM. )

On October 25, 2007, Applix was acquired by Cognos. Cognos rebranded all Applix products under its name following the acquisition. On January 31, 2008, Cognos was itself acquired by IBM.

Prior to OLAP industry consolidation in 2007, Applix was the purest OLAP vendor among publicly traded independent business intelligence vendors, and had the greatest growth rate. TM1 is now marketed as IBM Cognos TM1; version 10.2 became publicly available on September 13, 2013.

Products and technology
Applix TM1 is enterprise planning software used for collaborative planning, budgeting and forecasting, as well as analytical and reporting applications. Data in TM1 is stored and represented as multidimensional cubes, with data being stored at the "leaf" level. Computations on the leaf data are performed in real-time (for example, to aggregate numbers up a dimensional hierarchy). IBM Cognos TM1 also includes a data orchestration environment for accessing external data and systems, as well as capabilities designed for common business planning and budgeting requirements (e.g. workflow, top-down adjustments).

title: Applix


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Tamaryokucha

The tamaryokucha (玉緑茶) is a fine Japanese green tea, also commonly known as guricha (ぐり茶). It has a tangy, berry-like taste, with a long almondy aftertaste and a deep aroma with tones of citrus, grass, and berries.

It can be processed in one of two ways to destroy the enzymes: pan fried (rarely used in Japan, it is the Chinese process), or steamed (as most Japanese teas). Many believe that steaming preserves the vitamins and antioxidants better than pan-frying. The taste varies between the two as well. The pan-fried version has more of an aroma of cooked vegetables. In both cases, the leaves are then rolled into "comma" shapes (instead of being kneaded into "needle" shapes, like sencha teas).

It is produced in the Kyūshū area. The tea is golden yellow and it should be steeped at 70 C for about two minutes or 80 C for about one minute. The caffeine level is normal for green tea and it can be drunk throughout the day. It can be reinfused, with a slightly different taste.

The name tama-ryoku-cha means "coiled-green-tea" (tama being "ball, jewel" but becoming the attributive "coiled, rolled" here), and guri-cha means "curly-tea" (guri being the name of a classic Japanese decorative pattern, of curly appearance). Both names refer to the comma-shaped, coiled leaves.

title: Tamaryokucha


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New Puritans (literary movement)

The New Puritans was a literary movement ascribed to the contributors to a 2000 anthology of short stories entitled All Hail the New Puritans, edited by Nicholas Blincoe and Matt Thorne. The project is said to have been inspired by the Dogme 95 manifesto for cinematic minimalism and authenticity. The young writers in the anthology deliberately eschewed many of the devices favoured by the pre-eminent British literary generation exemplified by Julian Barnes, Martin Amis and Salman Rushdie.

Manifesto
The 10-point manifesto reads:

 * 1) Primarily storytellers, we are dedicated to the narrative form.
 * 2) We are prose writers and recognise that prose is the dominant form of expression. For this reason we shun poetry and poetic licence in all its forms.
 * 3) While acknowledging the value of genre fiction, whether classical or modern, we will always move towards new openings, rupturing existing genre expectations.
 * 4) We believe in textual simplicity and vow to avoid all devices of voice: rhetoric, authorial asides.
 * 5) In the name of clarity, we recognise the importance of temporal linearity and eschew flashbacks, dual temporal narratives and foreshadowing.
 * 6) We believe in grammatical purity and avoid any elaborate punctuation.
 * 7) We recognise that published works are also historical documents. As fragments of our time, all our texts are dated and set in the present day. All products, places, artists and objects named are real.
 * 8) As faithful representation of the present, our texts will avoid all improbable or unknowable speculations on the past or the future.
 * 9) We are moralists, so all texts feature a recognisable ethical reality.
 * 10) Nevertheless, our aim is integrity of expression, above and beyond any commitment to form.

The 15 contributors to the anthology included Geoff Dyer, Alex Garland, Daren King, Toby Litt, Tony White, Rebecca Ray, Simon Lewis, Ben Richards and Scarlett Thomas. Reviews for the book were mixed, with some critics confused as to the intentions of the project.

New Puritanism has not been espoused by any well-known writers since the book's publication, and the contributors have not collaborated since, although several of them contributed to the literary magazine Zembla (2003–2005).

title: New Puritans (literary movement)


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User talk:Dip.

Ok. the reason i wanted to put it on the web is because we couldn't find any info when writing our article; hence this would be the first info for it on the web at the moment, so we can't find any links to this topic.. ??

Hello Dip
Hi. If you were trying to talk to me, you can do so here, on this page. Babajobu 11:24, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Better yet, just talk to me on this page.

Hi is this right? anyway i think it is what u meant, i just became a user today... anyway what i want to talk about is my article on "cradle to the grave" which you deleted. I know it may be hard to believe and that i am making it up.. but i am totally serious about this article! i did in recent article about it in our weekly telegraph paper in kalgoorlie, Australia. Can you please put it on because our community would like to see it. (I can try to prove it some more if you think it is still nonsense) otherwise ask anyone from kalgoorlie or the other places like.

Thanks.

 * Sorry, but the article has already been "Hard deleted", which means a Wikipedia administrator (I'm not one) has already removed it from the site. I only tagged it for deletion.

What you can do to prevent this is, when you add an article, include links to sources on the web that confirm what you are saying. That way, if someone like me comes along and thinks it's bogus, we can click on the link and will see that the topic is legit. Okay? Don't be put off editing Wikipedia. It doesn't take long to get the hang of it. Babajobu 11:45, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

 * If there are no mentions of the phenomenon on the web, then the topic is unlikely to be considered "notable", which is a requirement for inclusion in Wikipedia. It's also likely to be considered "original research", which requires its deletion. If you are able to find references to the topic in a source other than the web, then you could try including a citation from the source. But if no credible sources anywhere discuss the topic, then it's not suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia. Babajobu 11:55, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

Welcome to Wikipedia!
I hope you will consider writing an article (anyone can do it!) and getting involved in the Wikipedia community discussions. Here are some resources to help you get started:
 * Tutorial
 * Guide to layout
 * Policies and guidelines
 * How to write a great article

I am relatively new myself, and I have found the Signpost and the Village Pump to be particularly useful, as well as the Welcome area. If you have any questions, feel free to leave me a message on my talk page. If you want to talk to  someone else, do it on their talk page.

Once you have created a username, please be sure to sign your posts on talk pages using four tildes ( ~ ) to produce your name and the current date, along with a link to your user page. This way, others know when you left a message and how to find you. Mamawrites 11:26, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Dip.


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Essex Way

The Essex Way is a waymarked long-distance footpath 81 mi long, along footpaths and roads in Essex, England.

The trail starts in Epping in the southwest, crosses Dedham Vale and Constable country to finish at the port of Harwich on the Stour estuary.

It leads through ancient woodlands, open farmland, tree-lined river valleys and leafy green lanes, unveiling historic towns and villages along the way.

The route is waymarked by Essex Way plaques and direction arrows. The original CPRE signs were dark green, but most of these have now been replaced with Essex County Council plaques depicting two poppies on a white background. These are attached to fingerposts, stiles, gates, footbridges and posts. The waymarks, together with the maps in the guidebook, make the walk easy to follow. The guidebook illustrates points of interest along the way and includes an accommodation guide for the whole route.

History
The Essex Way was conceived as a result of a competition organised by the CPRE in 1972.

Adjoining paths
The Essex Way crosses several other long-distance footpaths including St Peter's Way (a 45 mi walk from Chipping Ongar to Bradwell-on-Sea), the Three Forests Way (a 60 mi circular walk linking Epping, Hatfield and Hainault forests), the Saffron Trail (a 71-mile/114 km walk from Southend-on-Sea to Saffron Walden), the John Ray Walk (a 9-mile/14.5 km walk from Braintree to Witham), and the Essex Clayway (a 28 mi route linking the Essex Way at Coggeshall to St Peter's Way at Mundon).

Transport
The Essex Way is well served by public transport, especially by train services.

Maps
Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 "Explorer Maps": Epping Forest & Lee Valley No. 174, Chelmsford and The Rodings No.183, Braintree and Saffron Waldon No.195, Sudbury, Hadleigh.

title: Essex Way


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Hubble Deep Field South

The Hubble Deep Field South is a composite of several hundred individual images taken using the Hubble Space Telescope's Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2 over 10 days in September and October 1998. It followed the great success of the original Hubble Deep Field in facilitating the study of extremely distant galaxies in early stages of their evolution. While the WFPC2 took very deep optical images, nearby fields were simultaneously imaged by the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) and the Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer (NICMOS).

Planning
The rationale behind making another Deep Field image was to provide observatories in the southern hemisphere with a similarly deep optical image of the distant universe as had been provided to those in the northern hemisphere.

The field chosen was in the constellation of Tucana at a right ascension of 22:32:56.22 and declination of -60°33′02.69″. As with the original Hubble Deep Field (referred to hereafter as the 'HDF-N'), the target area was selected to be far from the plane of the Milky Way's galactic disk, which contains a large amount of obscuring matter, and to contain as few galactic stars as possible. However the field is closer to the galactic plane than the HDF-N, meaning that it contains more galactic stars. It also has a nearby bright star, as well as a moderately strong radio source close by, but in both cases it was decided that these wouldn't compromise follow-up observations.

As with the HDF-N, the field lies in Hubble's Continuous Viewing Zone (CVZ), this time in the south, allowing twice the normal observing time per orbit. At specific times of year, the HST can observe this zone continuously, without it being eclipsed by the Earth. Viewing this field, however, has some issues due to passages through the South Atlantic Anomaly and also with scattered earthshine during daylight hours; the latter can be avoided by using instruments with larger sources of noise, for example from the CCD reading process, at those times. The survey again used Director's Discretionary Time.

The field was imaged briefly on October 30–31, 1997 to make sure that the guide stars in the field were acceptable; these guide stars would be required to keep the HST accurately pointing on the region during the observations proper.

Observations
The observing strategy for the HDF-S was similar to that of the HDF-N, with the same optical filters used for the WFPC2 images (isolating wavelengths at 300, 450, 606 and 814 nanometres), and similar total exposure times. The observations were made over 10 days in September and October 1998, a total of 150 orbits, and had a total exposure time of over 1.3 million seconds. While the WFPC2 took very deep optical images, the fields were simultaneously imaged by the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) and the Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer (NICMOS). A number of flanking fields were also observed for shorter periods of time.

The WFPC2 image is 5.3 square arcminutes, whilst the NICMOS and STIS images are only 0.7 square arcminutes.

As with the HDF-N, the images were processed using a technique known as 'drizzling', in which the direction the telescope was aimed was changed by a very small amount between exposures, and the resulting images combined using sophisticated techniques to achieve a higher angular resolution than would otherwise be possible. Translational changes were fine during the imaging parts of the observation; however, the telescope had to be rotated by small amounts instead of repointed during the spectroscopic work, such that the centre of the STIS instrument was kept on the central quasar. The HDF-S final image had a pixel scale of 0.0398 arcseconds.

Contents
The cosmological principle states that at the largest scales, the universe is homogeneous and isotropic, meaning that it should look the same in any direction. The HDF-S would thus be expected to strongly resemble the HDF-N, and this was indeed the case, with large numbers of galaxies visible displaying a similar range of colours and morphologies to those seen in the HDF-N, and very similar numbers of galaxies in each of the fields.

One difference with the HDF-N was that the HDF-S included a known quasar with a redshift value of 2.24, J2233-606, discovered during the search for the target field. The quasar provides a probe of the gas along the line of sight where the foreground objects are also observed, allowing an investigation into the association of galaxies with absorption features. Including a quasar in the field of view was originally considered for the HDF-N, but was decided against due to concerns about increased numbers of galaxies associated with the quasar might skew the galaxy number counts, and because there was not a favourably located quasar. For the Southern field, however, such a skewed count wasn't a concern due to the known counts from the HDF-N.

Scientific results
As with the HDF-N, the HDF-S provided rich pickings for cosmologists. Many studies of the HDF-S confirmed results found from the HDF-N, such as star formation rates over the lifetime of the universe. The HDF-S was also extensively used in studies of how galaxies evolve over time, both due to internal processes and encounters with other galaxies.

Follow-up observations
Following Hubble's observations of the HDF-S field, the field was also surveyed in the UV/optical/infrared frequency range by the Anglo-Australian Observatory, the Cerro Tololo Interamerican Observatory and the European Southern Observatory. At mid-infrared it was observed by the Infrared Space Observatory, and radio observations were made by the Australia Telescope National Facility.

title: Hubble Deep Field South


text:
Shooting Stars (Singaporean TV series)

Shooting Stars is a television drama series spun off from the Singapore Idol singing competition in 2005, starring some of the top idols that year. The cast includes Taufik Batisah, Sylvester Sim, Olinda Cho, Daphne Khoo, Jeassea K. Thyidor, Alfarahizah Awangnit, David Wu, Brendon Lim, and Maylene Loo. The show premiered on 9 August 2005 and ended on 11 October 2005.

Synopsis
When renowned songwriter-cum-performer George comes to a crossroad in his life, he looks to nurturing a successor amongst the young talents he teaches. Sly, Taufik, Jeassea, Olinda, and Daphne meet by chance to study under George's tutelage, and they each come with his or her own set of aspirations, struggles, and obstacles.

Striving beyond their adversities and learning to accept differences along the way, these youths learn the rudiments of singing. As this art becomes a common language through George's eccentric but patient guidance, the five troubled youths find their own directions and celebrate their common passion for music.

Character bios

 * Taufik Batisah plays a pizza delivery boy who struggles to balance the realities of his life with his dreams of singing. With an overly pragmatic girlfriend who expects an idealistic future together without understanding his love for music, he envies and views well-heeled best friend Aaron as having a great life without realising how controlled Aaron’s life is. Talented and with a keen sense of music, Taufik will discover his own capacity for freedom from the music classes.
 * Sylvester Sim is a coffee shop owner's son and assistant who is brooding and quiet. Sylvester pines for long-time love interest Dawn but lacks the courage to express his feelings. While concerned about his widowed father, Sylvester is adamant about pursuing his dreams of music, despite his dad’s indignant efforts to get him to take over his drinks stall. His willingness to brave any storm for party-animal Dawn ends in disastrous effects.
 * Olinda Cho is a tomboy who stumbles along each day as it passes, with no real aim in life. With nothing to worry about and a well-provided life, Olinda hides an insecure self beneath a nonchalant attitude. Olinda especially flounders when human relationship matters crop up.
 * Daphne Khoo is a mechanical engineering student who is forced by her karaoke champion mum to join the singing class. Living up to expectations is not easy, especially such high ones which Daphne’s karaoke champion mother sets for her. Forced to join a singing class, Daphne drags a good friend along, who, leaning on his good looks to steal her thunder, threatens their future class attendance as they face up to the possibilities of being kicked out.
 * Jeassea K. Thyidor is an Indonesian housewife who fills the gaps in her leisurely life with her singing course while her rich Indonesian husband is away. All is fun in her class as she learns from her idol George until she finds out a twisted secret about her husband.
 * Alfarahizah Awangnit plays Su, who is Taufik's girlfriend. Materialistic and yearning for the better life, Su ignores Taufik’s dreams of singing, only urging him to upgrade himself. Her ultimate goal is to attain the ultimate high life of a big house, big car, and the works.
 * David Wu plays the gang's music teacher, George. Eccentric and at a crossroads, he is searching for a protégé to groom so that he may take a backseat. Also the central figure upon which the other young characters’ lives revolves around, George anchors his students in their various attempts to pursue their dreams.
 * Brendon Lim plays Aaron, the well-heeled best friend of Taufik, who shares Taufik’s love for boxing. While Taufik perceives suave Aaron as being the rich and lucky half of the two, Aaron in truth leads a controlled life that leaves little freedom for his own dreams.
 * Maylene Loo plays Sylvester's girlfriend Dawn. Dawn runs from her problems by indulging in dangerous drugs-and-alcohol cocktails. Unknowingly attracting Sylvester into her dark life to protect herself from her own party-animal lifestyle, she allows Sylvester in her heart and gets intimate with him.
 * Brandon Wong, a Channel 8 actor, plays the gang leader who harasses Dawn and later rapes her; he will eventually be injured by Sylvester.
 * Jimmy Tanaeka aka Jimmy T, plays Tjeng, the rich husband of Jeassea who is often away on overseas business trips.
 * Nathaniel Ho plays Ethan, the best friend of Daphne Khoo who encourages her to overcome her fear prior to the singing competition.
 * David Aw plays Jack, a longtime friend of Olinda whom she has a crush on.

Episode 1
At a crossroad in his life, George, a renowned songwriter/performer, begins nurturing hopes of grooming a successor.

He gathers a group of young dreamers, and together, each with a different agenda, they set out to find out more about themselves and those who care for them.

Through his eccentric yet patient guidance, George helps his students blossom from rebellious adolescents into sensitive young adults, as singing becomes their shared passion.

Episode 2
Taufik has a keen interest in singing as well as the talent. However, daily living takes a toll on him, and his girlfriend - an all-too-practical woman - does not make things easier. He takes on another job and works out an installment plan to pay his fees.

Kartina takes matters into her own hands and goes to George with the same idea - she will pay Taufik's fees in installments. She plans to sell curry puffs to raise the money. Touched, George decides to take Taufik in.

Taufik's girlfriend Su and his best friend Aaron don't get along. Su wants Taufik to be realistic about his goals; she thinks a frivolous singing class is a waste of money.

However, Aaron believes Taufik should chase his dream. The latter has always perceived his best friend to be rich and lucky, but the truth is Aaron leads a controlled life that leaves little room for his own pursuits.

Episode 3
Taufik has to work out his relationship kinks with Su, his unsupportive girlfriend, balance two jobs, and help his best friend train for a boxing match.

Su becomes increasingly unhappy with Taufik, who has little time for her. She turns to Iskandar.

Iskandar wants to take care of Su, but the latter is still in love with Taufik. Yet, she gradually comes to realise Iskandar is the kind of guy she has always wanted Taufik to be - stable and realistic.

Episode 4
Sylvester gets into trouble with a gang. Bruised, he is late for class. Taufik shows his concern but Sylvester reveals nothing. George looks on in disapproval and chides them.

Back at home, Sylvester's father asks about his bruise. After receiving a phone call, Sylvester rushes to a club to look for Dawn, his love interest.

Dawn has caught her boyfriend kissing another girl passionately. She gets drunk and cries on Sylvester's shoulder.

Sylvester decides to bring her home. As he takes care of her, he tries to express his feelings. They end up kissing, spending the night together.

Sylvester wakes up late the next day. Dawn is already gone. He can hardly concentrate at work as he tries in vain to contact her.

Sylvester looks for Dawn at her workplace, only to find out she is dating another guy. Dawn is shocked to see Sylvester, but he disappears before she can make any explanation.

At a coffee shop that night, Dawn clarifies that the night they spent together was a mistake. She just wants to remain friends.

Dawn leaves, only to be cornered by the same gang who beat up Sylvester. Threatened by her creditors to pay up, she calls Sylvester for help. He resorts to taking cash from his father's coffee shop.

Episode 5
Mr. Sim is furious when he realizes Sylvester has taken all the money from the coffee shop's cash box. He messes up Sylvester's room.

During singing class, Taufik asks Sylvester about writing him a song and is invited to his house to work on it. Both of them are shocked to see the state of Sylvester's room. All his things, including his beloved guitar, have been smashed to pieces.

Mr. Sim softens when he sees fresh bruises on Sylvester again. He ponders the CD he found in Sylvester's room.

Dawn finally tells Sylvester the truth about what has happened. Both feel their friendship has progressed but she is worried about landing him in trouble again.

After they part, Dawn is captured by her creditors again. Unable to pay up, she is raped. After finding out about her rape, Sylvester confronts the gang leader and injures him severely by smashing a beer bottle over his head.

Sylvester tries in vain to contact Dawn. Unable to face him, she writes him a letter and checks into a rehab centre, leaving him no clues to her whereabouts.

While trying to get a CD player to listen to Sylvester's CD, Mr. Sim is knocked down by a car. Sylvester rushes to the hospital. Shocked to find the wrecked CD player and his CD by his father's bed, he struggles to come to terms with his father's love for him.

As Sylvester helps his father run the coffee shop and takes care of him, they come to a mutual understanding and develop a new-found bond.

Episode 6
Daphne has a fear of singing in front of crowds. Her mother, Mavis, on the other hand, is an ex-karaoke champion who grabs every chance to showcase her daughter's talent.

Mavis is unable to resist the opportunity to compete when she hears that her rival, Eileen, has signed her daughter, Evangelina (played by Michelle Ng), up for the annual Karaoke competition.

Mavis declares to her family that she has signed Daphne up as well. Agitated, Daphne quarrels with her.

At school, Daphne confides in her best friend, Ethan. He advises her to stop letting her fear conquer her mind.

When Daphne's mother resorts to emotional blackmail, Daphne gives in. Unable to turn back to Ethan, she seeks George's help. He encourages her to think of someone special when she gets stage fright.

On the day of the competition, Daphne almost backs out when faced with the garish ball gown Mavis wants her to wear. After much encouragement and support from her father, however, she plucks up the courage to carry on.

Daphne is surprised to see Ethan at the competition. The two patch up.

A blackout occurs just as Daphne is about to sing and she panics. Thankfully, Ethan is there to pass her a guitar and reassure her. Recalling George's advice, she sings beautifully.

Episode 7
Olinda is a young adult struggling with her identity and the problems with stereotyping. Her life changes when her childhood Prince Charming, Jack, returns from Australia to visit her.

Olinda recalls how she is always pressured to look as good as her sister, Celia.

At dinner, Robert, the father, instructs both daughters to help out at his cake shop for that week. Both of them are reluctant but are given no choice.

To the girls' surprise, the baker, Nakata, is an attractive Japanese man. Olinda starts fantasizing about Nakata in various romantic scenarios.

Jack asks Celia out on a date and confesses his love for Olinda. Celia agrees to play cupid.

Celia tells Olinda that Jack is leaving the country. Meanwhile, Jack arrives with flowers and a new image. He overhears Olinda saying she will never fall for a wimp like him.

Episode 8
Olinda realizes Jack has overheard her. She wallows in self-pity, until her mother encourages her to make the first move and apologize.

Feeling helpless after nightmares of Jack leaving, Olinda seeks help from George.

Finally, she expresses her feelings for Jack through singing. The two reconcile and make an appointment for a date.

The couple tries to have dinner at a posh restaurant. However, they can't bear the stiff atmosphere and decide to take it easy and revert to their everyday, casual style. At the end of a lovely evening, they kiss goodnight like shy teenagers.

Olinda comes back to class a new and recharged person. Everyone is glad - most of all, herself.

Episode 9
Cast aside by her businessman husband Tjeng in favour of his work, Jeassea yearns for a more meaningful life. With Tjeng travelling frequently to Indonesia, the desperate housewife fills her days with frivolous shopping escapades and high-tea sessions.

Salvation comes in the form of music when she signs up for one of George's singing classes.

When Jeassea is invited to sing at a jazz club, George gives her extra lessons. Over time, their friendship deepens.

On her home front, things worsen when Tjeng's business crumbles. Their marriage deteriorates further with Jeassea's suspicion that Tjeng is having an affair with his business partner.

In the midst of her problems, she develops a crush on George. Fortunately, both are able to control their emotions. With his support, she gets a chance to perform at a posh jazz club, singing to a live audience.

Episode 10 (finale)
George decides to bring the singing course to a close. Instead of holding a usual lesson, he takes his students to a long, suspended bridge and tells them to cross it blindfolded. His last lesson has to do with overcoming fear.

Taufik imagines his mother's encouraging voice to shake off his fear of losing his own voice. Sly drowns out the doubt in his head by singing the song he has composed for Dawn. Daphne panics but imagines Ethan at the end of the bridge and moves on eagerly. Jeassea lets go of her self-consciousness and struts across the bridge.

Olinda gives George a cheeky grin and runs across.

Watching them cheering each other from afar, a proud George decides it is time he left them to grow on their own.

Two years pass. The five budding talents have remained good friends.

Jeassea is actively raising funds for orphans at a children's home. Taufik is a recognized singer. Sylvester has become a well-known composer. Daphne is a DJ at her polytechnic school. Ethan finally asks her to be his girlfriend.

Olinda is successfully managing her father's cake shop and is happily attached to Jack.

The five friends meet up. Jeassea asks Taufik to help sing at a fundraising concert. He agrees and the rest decide to chip in too.

On the day of the concert, the group of five performs beautifully, unaware George has returned to watch them from afar.

Cast and characters

 * Taufik Batisah as himself
 * Sylvester Sim as himself
 * Olinda Cho as herself
 * Daphne Khoo as herself
 * Jeassea K. Thyidor as herself
 * Alfarahizah Awangnit as Su
 * David Wu as George
 * Brendon Lim as Aaron
 * Maylene Loo as Dawn
 * Brandon Wong as gang leader
 * Jimmy Taenaka as Tjeng
 * Nathaniel Ho as Ethan
 * David Aw as Jack
 * Michelle Ng as Evangelina

title: Shooting Stars (Singaporean TV series)


text:
Military tattoo

A military tattoo is a performance of music or display of armed forces in general. The term comes from the early 17th-century Dutch phrase doe den tap toe ("turn off the tap"), a signal sounded by drummers or trumpeters to instruct innkeepers near military garrisons to stop serving beer and for soldiers to return to their barracks and is unrelated to the Tahitian origins of an ink tattoo.

The tattoo was originally a form of military music but the practice has evolved into more elaborate shows involving theatrics and musical performances. It is also used to designate military exhibitions such as the Royal International Air Tattoo.

Etymology
The term dates from around 1600 during the Thirty Years' War in the Low Countries (Belgium and the Netherlands). The Dutch fortresses were garrisoned with mercenary troops who had been under federal command since 1594. The Dutch States Army had become a federal army, consisting mostly of Protestant German, Scottish, English and Swiss mercenaries, but commanded by a Dutch officer corps. Drummers from the garrison were sent out into the towns at 21:30 hrs (9:30 pm) each evening to inform the soldiers that it was time to return to barracks. The process was known as doe den tap toe (Dutch for "turn off the tap"), an instruction to innkeepers to stop serving beer and send the soldiers home for the night. The drummers continued to play until the curfew at 22:00 hrs (10:00 pm). Tattoo, earlier spelled tap-too then taptoo, are alterations of the Dutch words tap toe, which have the same meaning. Taptoo was the earlier alteration of the phrase and was used in George Washington's papers in which he said:"In future the Reveille will beat at day-break; the troop at 8 in the morning; the retreat at sunset and taptoo at nine o'clock in the evening."

Over the years the process became more of a show and often included the playing of the first post at 21:30 hrs and the last post at 22:00. Bands and displays were included and shows were often conducted by floodlight or searchlight. Tattoos were commonplace in the late 19th century, with most military and garrison towns putting on some kind of show or entertainment during the summer months. Between the First World War and the Second World War elaborate military tattoos were held in many towns and cities, with the largest held in Aldershot in the United Kingdom.

Europe

 * One of the best-known tattoos is held on the Esplanade in front of Edinburgh Castle each August as part of the annual Edinburgh Festival. The Royal Edinburgh Military Tattoo was first staged in 1950; it combines the traditional sounds of the bagpipes and drums with the modern aspects of the armed forces. In 2008, the Windsor Castle Royal Tattoo was launched and held in the private grounds of Windsor Castle by permission of HM The Queen. The event's proceeds went to the Royal British Legion to help support recently returned troops from battle.
 * Another well-known tattoo was the Royal Tournament which was held annually in London from 1880 to 1999. The last producer of the Royal Tournament was Major Sir Michael Parker. The British Military Tournament, its successor, was established in 2010 at the former venue of the Royal Tournament, Earl's Court, lasting until 2013. Another UK tattoo is the Birmingham Tattoo held annually at the National Indoor Arena in November, which has been attracting audiences to Birmingham since 1989.
 * The Royal International Air Tattoo is the world's largest military airshow, held annually at RAF Fairford in Gloucestershire in aid of the RAF Charitable Trust.
 * The Basel Tattoo (Switzerland) was started in 2006 by the local Top Secret Drum Corps. It has grown to be the world's second-largest military tattoo in terms of performers and budget after the Edinburgh Military Tattoo.
 * The Norwegian Military Tattoo is internationally famous for its quality and streamlined production. It has been held every two years since 1994 in the capital of Norway, Oslo. Since 1996 the shows have been presented indoors - in the Oslo Spektrum which is "tailor-made" for this kind of event.
 * Russia has recently started the annual "Spasskaya Bashnya" (Russian for Spasskaya Tower) international military tattoo in Moscow (with Valery Khalilov as its founding executive producer until 2016). Its Russian name came from the name of the location where it is performed (at the Red Square's "Saviour Tower"). Although it is commonly referred to as "Spasskaya Bashnya Military Tattoo", its actual English name is "International Military Music Festival", and has been held since 2006. Its latest edition will be held in late August 2022, and the tattoo forms part of Moscow's city birthday celebrations.
 * Großer Zapfenstreich is an occasional military ceremony and tattoo that is currently or formerly conducted by the militaries of Germany, Austria, East Germany and Prussia. This traditional event is only done by military bands of the Bundeswehr and the Austrian Armed Forces and reflects the origins of the tattoo as an evening ceremony, and is done on special occasions.
 * The biannual Hamina Tattoo in Finland is the official military tattoo event of the Finnish Defense Forces.
 * The National Military Tattoo in the Rotterdam Ahoy indoor stadium, held since 1948, is the official military tattoo of the Armed forces of the Netherlands. It was formerly held in Delft and Breda before moving to Rotterdam in 2006.
 * The Taptoe Brussels, originating in 2001, was initiated by the Koninklijke Muziekfederatie van het Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest, with the aim of orchestrating an "international tattoo" event on the iconic Grand Place in Brussels.

North America

 * Canada's Royal Nova Scotia International Tattoo is the largest annual indoor tattoo in the world today, each year featuring over 2000 performers from around the world. The tattoo has been produced since 1979 by Colonel Ian Fraser, who also produced the Canadian Armed Forces Tattoo 1967, the world's largest travelling show. Through the course of his career Fraser has produced and / or directed more than 1000 international tattoo productions across the globe. This tattoo is unique in that it is a full theatrical production, comprising costume designers, props designers, full wardrobe staff, and is presented as 'theatre in the round'. The show is intensely rehearsed over a two-week period and is a wholly combined military and civilian production. The Nova Scotia Tattoo was the first tattoo to receive royal designation on the occasion of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II's 80th Birthday in 2006.

 * The Canadian Armed Forces Tattoo 1967 was the largest mobile tattoo in history performing 155 performances in 47 cities from coast to coast from the end of March to the middle of October 1967. Tattoo '67 was a completely military production involving over 1700 personnel from the Canadian Army, Navy and Air Force. The first leg of the tour involved transporting two shows across Canada by rail.  The second phase saw "the show" performed in stadiums in major cities including a week-long run in Montreal, Quebec during EXPO 67.  The third phase was a tour of East Coast cities and Quebec performing in arenas.  The show received rave reviews and standing ovations and was called upon by the press to become an annual event and to have it tour not only throughout the United States but Europe as well but with the last performance on October 11, 1967, at Shawinigan, Quebec, the Tattoo was mothballed.  Eventually, all the costumes and uniforms were sold off to museums or private collectors and the show that was hailed as "the greatest single presentation during Centennial year" has never been produced since. The producer of Tattoo 1967, Colonel Ian Fraser also produced the Royal Nova Scotia International Tattoo noted above.
 * The annual Fort Henry Tattoo is held each July at Fort Henry in Kingston, Ontario. The event combines military drill, with an assortment of musical acts from across Canada, and is capped off with a fireworks display at the end of the evening. It is one of the largest annual events held at the National Historic Site.
 * The now-defunct Quebec City International Festival of Military Bands, and its Quebec City Military Tattoo, took place in August between 1998 and 2013.
 * The Ceremonial Guard conducts many different military tattoos in the Ottawa–Gatineau Region, including the Fortissimo Sunset Ceremony on Parliament Hill in July and the Governor General and Commander-in-Chief's Military Tattoo at Rideau Hall. The latter event honours the King of Canada in his position as Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces. The former emulates the British Beating Retreat while including the practice of lowering of the Canadian flag. Aside from the Band of the Ceremonial Guard, participating units in both events included the Central Band of the Canadian Armed Forces, the Canadian National Drill Team, and the Royal Military College of Canada Band.
 * The different services of the Canadian Forces have held local tattoos in their areas of operations. In September 2010, the Royal Canadian Navy sponsored the Canadian Naval Centennial Tattoo in Pacific Coliseum in Vancouver celebrating the 100th anniversary of the RCN. Among the bands that performed were the Band of the Royal Marines, the Vancouver Police Pipe Band, the Pipe Band of The Seaforth Highlanders of Canada and the Naden Band of Maritime Forces Pacific. In August 2013, a Sunset Ceremony was held at CFB Greenwood, featuring the 14 Wing Band and Pipes and Drums as well as the Stadacona Band of Maritime Forces Atlantic, the Bridgewater Fire Department Band, the RCMP Pipes and Drums, and the drill team of the 78th (Highlanders) Regiment of Foot. The Black Watch Military Tattoo is an event sponsored by The Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment) of Canada.
 * The largest tattoo in the United States, is the Virginia International Tattoo, held every year in Norfolk, Virginia. Over 850 performers play traditional music and many international acts join every branch of the United States Armed Forces.
 * The United States Air Force holds tattoos for many different events and celebrations, like base openings and closures, and special events like the 21st Annual Langley Tattoo. The Air Force's largest tattoo is held the last Friday of June each year at Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio. The 2010 tattoo there drew an estimated 75,000 people and featured the rock group .38 Special. The 2011 event featured aircraft flyovers and music by country group Lonestar.
 * Twilight Tattoo is an hour long United States Army military tattoo held by Military District of Washington. Recurring units who participate in the tattoo include the 3rd U.S. Infantry Regiment (The Old Guard) and the Old Guard Fife and Drum Corps. The ceremony, which is held weekly during the summer, is held inside/on the grounds of Joint Base Myer–Henderson Hall. The MDW revived the event in 1961 after it was discontinued before the Second World War.
 * The Cleveland International Tattoo in Cleveland, Ohio is traditionally held annually on the third weekend in May. Started back in 1985, the CIT has performed at Masonic Hall, Jacobs Pavilion at Nautica, Playhouse Square, and presently at Cleveland Public Auditorium.
 * The West Point Military Tattoo is held annually at the United States Military Academy, West Point, NY. It is traditionally held on the 4th Sunday in April at the outdoor amphitheater on Trophy Point overlooking the Hudson River. The Tattoo is hosted by the Pipes and Drums of the US Corps of Cadets.

Asia

 * Since 1963 the Japan Self-Defense Forces Marching Festival has been the country's military tattoo, featuring guest bands from the Asia-Pacific and the bands of the service branches of the Japan Self-Defense Forces, plus traditional drum teams from the JSDF. Held in the Nippon Budokan in Tokyo every November since its first edition, it is also Asia's oldest.
 * The International Military Heritage Festival, organized by the Republic of Korea Armed Forces, is the national military tattoo of South Korea. Held every April in Seoul, it consists of performances from the military bands and drill teams of the ROKAF.
 * Hong Kong held international military tattoo events both in 2012 and 2017, on the occasion of the 15th and the 20th anniversary of the return of Hong Kong to The People's Republic of China. The Military Band of the People's Liberation Army of China and the Hong Kong Police Band had essential roles to play. The performances also included military bands from Mongolia, The Netherlands, Russia, the United Kingdom (Scotland), and the United States.
 * Military tattoo-style events have been held in Indonesia in the context of major city and municipal district anniversaries in the form of the visits by the corps of drums and drum and bugle corps of the Indonesian National Armed Forces and the Indonesian National Police, which are invited to march past and perform on local anniversaries and holidays. Often the ones frequently present in these tattoo-style events are the corps of drums of the military and police academies and the drum and bugle corps from the two military high schools in Magelang and Bandung, their appearances being a hit among the crowds attending these civic-military parades. A recent addition to these is the presence of the Corps of Drums of the Indonesian Army Officer Candidate School, also from Bandung. These events are also held within the academies' respective campuses during change of command, recognition and graduation parades as well as during their open house days, as well as during open days in military installations and anniversaries of the armed forces and police.
 * Malaysia has held special military tattoos at the Stadium Merdeka in Kuala Lumpur as part of Visit Malaysia Year and in important anniversary years of national independence.
 * In Kazakhstan, the most notable military tattoo is the Eskeri Kernei ("Military Trumpet") International Festival held on Capital City Day.

Africa

 * At the 10th anniversary of the formation of the Rhodesian Light Infantry on 30 January 1971, a special commemorative military tattoo at Glamis Stadium in Salisbury was held. The tattoo, which was the first held by a single military unit in Rhodesia, saw the 1st Battalion spend three weeks rehearsing in terms of drilling, physical training and unarmed combat. a staged assault on a guerrilla camp was held by 2 Commando using blank ammunition and dummy mortars. The tattoo culminated with a sky-dive by three members of the Battalion Parachute Club. A retreat ceremony was held after as well as a final march-past by all participants.
 * During the 40th anniversary of the Libyan Revolution celebrations in September 2009, a military tattoo was held Green Square in Tripoli. Titled the World Military Music Festival, it was presided by Mutassim Gaddafi (the National Security Advisor of Libya) and featured units from countries such as Russia, Algeria and Ethiopia.
 * In 2018, the South African Tattoo was revived. The performance included members of the South African National Defence Force (SANDF) performing military drills and a mock battle, as well as the Johannesburg Youth Orchestra, a collection of both local and international dancing groups and a combined performance of many of the South African Highlander Bagpipe groups.

title: Military tattoo


text:
Harvey Walden IV

Harvey Walden IV (born December 21, 1966) is a former United States Marine drill instructor, author, actor and television host.

Military career
Walden was born in Chicago, Illinois, and joined the U.S. Marine Corps at age 17. He served as a drill instructor at MCRD, Parris Island, South Carolina and retired from active duty in September 2007 at the rank of first sergeant.

Post-active duty
Walden is best known in the UK and US for his role as the expert fitness instructor on VH1's and ITV's prime-time shows Fat Club and Celebrity Fit Club.

In the 2007 season of Fit Club, during a heated exchange, contestant Dustin Diamond (the actor commonly known as Screech from Saved by the Bell) challenged Walden to "physical combat". Walden responded to the challenge after Dustin refused to follow their diet and exercise plans.

He is a father of two children; one boy, Harvey V, and one girl, Tiyauna Denise.

title: Harvey Walden IV


text:
Talk:EnOcean

Untitled section 31 August 2005
This article has been kept following this VFD debate. Sjakkalle (Check!)  11:27, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

Untitled section 8 March 2007
The web page is very poorly written. The product itself is too expensive. I'd suggest looking elsewhere. Has anyone tried Lightning Switch? Much cheaper and better alternative. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.133.150.152 (talk • contribs) 17:16, 8 March 2007

The above are just someone's opinion. EnOcean does more than just light switching in any case (i.e. temperature sensing, EIB gateways etc.), and has been adopted as the core radio technology in products from many companies (over 50 at the time of writing) including PEHA, WAGO, Wieland, Osram, Beckhoff - some key home automation, M&E and environmental control companies. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Phooto (talk • contribs) 08:44, 11 April 2007

I agree with the above statement from a previous user, EnOcean does far more than just switching, it allows for integration for a variety of controls, inputs, sensors. It seems to me that the sentence regarding "Lighting Switch" is shameless slander and false advertisement from the company itself. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.130.47.170 (talk • contribs) 11:15, 19 July 2013

move proposal
This was put up for deletion, but survived after quite a few copy-edits. However, the same (poorly written) article was entered twice: The first one was not put up for deletion, the second one was but survived, and is now a proper article. However, the correct name of the company is EnOcean GmbH, i.e. it should be under EnOcean, and Enocean should redirect to it. - DocendoDiscimus 09:58, 25 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) On 7 August by User:217.91.102.165  as EnOcean
 * 2) On 24 August by User:84.180.58.222 as Enocean

Fair use rationale for Image:Enoceanlogo.jpg
Image:Enoceanlogo.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 07:16, 26 October 2007 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of EnOcean

A tag has been placed on EnOcean, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under the criteria for speedy deletion, because the page seems to be unambiguous advertising that only promotes a company, product, group, service or person and would need to be fundamentally rewritten in order to become an acceptable page. Please read the general criteria for speedy deletion, particularly item G11, as well as the guidelines on spam.

If you can indicate why the subject of this page is not blatant advertising,. Clicking that button will take you to the talk page where you will find a pre-formatted place for you to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. You can also visit |the page's talk page directly to give your reasons, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the page meets the criterion, it may be deleted without delay. You may freely add information to the page that would confirm the subject's notability under Wikipedia guidelines. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the page that would help make it encyclopedic, as well as adding any citations from independent reliable sources to ensure that the page will be verifiable. Feel free to leave a note on my talk page if you have any questions about this. RatnimSnave (talk) 14:07, 13 August 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on EnOcean. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090502122752/http://www.wtrs.net:80/pressrelease_070908.htm to http://www.wtrs.net/pressrelease_070908.htm

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Contested deletion
While it may very well deserve to be deleted, this page survived its most recent AfD in 2005; G11 is not an accepted criteria for speedy deletion of pages that have survived their most recent deletion discussions: AfD is the way. -- HenryMP02 (talk) 17:14, 1 September 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:EnOcean


text:
Forrestdale, Western Australia

Forrestdale is a suburb of Perth, Western Australia, located within the City of Armadale. It is named after John Forrest, the first premier of Western Australia.

Geography
Forrestdale is home to Forrestdale Lake, a nature reserve important for waterbirds, many of which breed there. It usually fills in winter and dries out in summer. The nature reserve contains the only known remaining habitat of Neopasiphae simplicior, a critically endangered native bee. Tiger snakes are commonly seen at this nature reserve, along with dugites.

Amenities and facilities
Forrestdale has a golf course. There is a recently built private school, a campus of Carey Baptist College, which also has another campus in Harrisdale, offering education from kindergarten and daycare to Year 9. The campus hopes to expand to educate students into Year 12 in 2024.

Bus
Bus routes serving Armadale Road:
 * 233 Cockburn Central Station to Gosnells Station
 * 518 Cockburn Central Station to Murdoch TAFE
 * 519 Murdoch TAFE to Armadale Station
 * 529 Cockburn Central Station to Armadale Station

title: Forrestdale, Western Australia


text:
Constantin Guys

Constantin Guys (born Ernest-Adolphe Guys de Saint-Hélène, December 3, 1802 – December 13, 1892) was a French Crimean War correspondent, water color painter and illustrator for British and French newspapers.

Biography
Guys was born and baptized in Vlissingen, the son of François Lazare Guys and his second wife, Elisabeth Bétin. His father had been appointed civilian chief of the French Navy in Rochefort in 1796 and was stationed in Vlissingen from 1800 until 1805, after which the family moved to Calais. At the age of 20, Constantin served in the cavalry, but only a little later toured in Greece with Lord Byron. His career as an artist didn't start until he was about 40.

Baudelaire called him the "painter of modern life," and wrote a long essay on Guys in which he extensively praised his works, under the pseudonym "Monsieur G". Robert de Montesquiou wrote a review of Guys that acknowledged Baudelaire's essay, compared Guys favorably to Whistler, and emphasized his portrayal of details of women's clothing, and horse carriages. His subjects were Second French Empire life. In the Dutch novel "Au pair" by W. F. Hermans, one of the main characters is fascinated by Constantin Guys. Guys died in Paris, aged 90.

Works

 * Les Champs Élysées, 1922, Pavillon de Marsan du musée du Louvre, L'Illustration n°4123, 10/06/1922.
 * Promenade en carosse, ca.1863, pen and ink with watercolor, Museo Cantonale d'Arte de Lugano

title: Constantin Guys


text: Category:Nolidae

title: Category:Nolidae


text:
John Rochester (politician)

John Rochester (May 22, 1822 – September 19, 1894) was a Canadian industrialist, mayor of Ottawa, Ontario from 1870 to 1871, and a member of the House of Commons of Canada representing Carleton from 1872 to 1882.

He was born at Rouses Point, New York in 1822 and first came to Bytown with his family in 1827. He was the son of John Rochester Sr., born in Berwick on Tweed, England in 1786, and his wife Barbara Young, born 1790 in Sunderland, Northumbria, England. There were nine offspring: Susanah (James Anderson), James (Ann Frost), Elizabeth (McLaughlin), George (Marion Baillie), John Jr. (Elizabeth Bevitt), Mary Ann (George Honey Preston), Emily (Cressle, Norman), William (Helen Baillie), Margaret (William Bunting). The Rochesters were a pioneer family in early Bytown that branched out into timber and mining enterprise across the Canadian shield. Many Rochesters had distinguished military careers.

Other early Ottawa Valley names, besides marriages listed above, connected to the Rochester family include: Cole, McDougal, Church, McLaren, and Bryson, to name but a few.

He and elder brother James established a brewery (which he took over in 1856 and sold to James in 1870) and he also opened a tannery at that time and operated two sawmills at Chaudière Falls on the shore of the Ottawa River in the Lebreton Flats area of Ottawa. The area, south of Lebreton and bounded today by Bronson, Booth, Rochester and Preston Streets was once Rochesterville before amalgamation with Ottawa.

John Rochester Jr. was for 11 years a member of Ottawa City Council. He was a staunch Wesleyan Methodist and helped establish a local order of the Orange Lodge and was also a Freemason. He co-founded the Ottawa Free Press, was vice-president of the Ottawa Agricultural Insurance Company and was a partner with former Ottawa Mayor John Bower Lewis in the Metropolitan Trust and Loan Company.

In 1845, he married Elizabeth Ann Bevitt. He served as president of the Ottawa Saint George's Society and the Ottawa Ladies' College. Rochester died in Ottawa at the age of 72 after suffering for several weeks from a kidney ailment.

title: John Rochester (politician)


text:
Talk:Bilston

Constituency
Which constituency or constituencies cover Bilston? Andy Mabbett 11:31, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Wolverhampton South East covers the parts of Bilston now in Wolverhampton, whilst Walsall South covers the parts in Walsall borough, and West Bromwich West covers the tiny parts in Sandwell. Fingerpuppet 22:10, 19 October 2007 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Bilston


text:
Keolis

Keolis is a French transportation company that operates public transport systems all over the world. It manages bus, rapid transit, tram, coach networks, rental bikes, car parks, water taxi, cable car, trolleybus, and funicular services. Based in Paris, France, the company is 70% owned by SNCF and 30% owned by the Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec.

Keolis operates a number of networks in France (Transports Bordeaux Métropole in Bordeaux, the Lyon public transport on behalf of SYTRAL, the public transport service for the Greater Rennes area since 1998, Transpole in Lille, and the entire mobility chain in Dijon). Internationally, it manages buses in several cities in Sweden, central and eastern regions of the Netherlands, and in the United States. It also manages various rail networks internationally, such as the commuter rail in Boston, the Hyderabad Metro, the Melbourne tramway, the Docklands Light Railway in London, the Pujiang line (Shanghai Metro), the Nottingham tramway, and the Manchester tramway.

Origins
Keolis was formed from several former companies:
 * Société des transports automobiles, which was created in 1908, and its subsidiary Société générale des transports départementaux
 * Lesexel, an electricity company created in 1911 to support the development of tramways
 * Société de transports routiers de voyageurs (STRV), a subsidiary of SCETE and later SNCF, which was renamed Cariane in 1988 during its merger with STV

These companies underwent a series of reorganizations, mergers and acquisitions, which resulted in two companies: VIA-GTI, focused primarily on urban transport, and Cariane, specialized in interurban public transport.

Creation and development in the 2000s
In 1999, SNCF became the leading shareholder in VIA-GTI, which merged with Cariane in 2001 to become Keolis. In 2005, through its stake in GoVia, Keolis became co-owner of the South Eastern rail franchise in the United Kingdom. In 2006, Keolis won the franchise for Hellweg Net in Germany and later on for Maas-Rhein-Lippe Net and Teutoburger-Wald Net in Deutschland and Nederland. In 2007, Keolis acquired City-Trafic in Denmark. In 2008, Keolis took control of Eurobus Holding in Belgium. In 2009, Keolis set up operations in Melbourne, Washington, D.C., Bergen and Bordeaux. In 2010, EFFIA (car parks company) became a Keolis subsidiary.

Since 2010
In 2012, Keolis acquired 100% of Syntus in the Netherlands and Orléans Express in Canada. The company also set up operations in Hyderabad, India. In 2013, Keolis won part of the Las Vegas urban network. In 2014, Keolis won a 30-year public-private partnership contract to maintain and operate the Ion rapid transit in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.

In the same year, Keolis won the operations and maintenance contract for Metrolink, the United Kingdom's largest tramway network, in Manchester, and was also selected by Foothill Transit to operate and maintain the Municipal Transit Network for the Eastern San Gabriel Valley of Los Angeles County.

The company also expanded in the Asian market, starting operation of Hyderabad's automatic air metro network, and winning, as part of a joint venture with RATP Dev and the Qatar Hamad Group, the contract to operate and maintain Qatar's first public transport network, including the operation of the future automatic metro in Doha and the tramway network in the new city of Lusail.

In 2018, the company generated revenues of €5.9 billion and had 63,000 employees. Keolis has been led by Marie-Ange Debon since September 2020.

In 2018, Keolis started operating the Pujiang metro line (formerly known as 8.3), the first automatic metro line in the Shanghai network, and started a contract to operate the Wales & Borders rail network in Wales until the nationalisation of day to day services in February 2021, with Keolis retaining a partnership with the new national operator until the original contract expires.

Australia
Keolis holds a 51% shareholding in Keolis Downer, which has operated the Melbourne tram network since November 2009. Keolis Downer has operated the G:link light rail line on the Gold Coast since July 2014.

In March 2015, Keolis Downer purchased bus operator Australian Transit Enterprises, which operates the Hornibrook Bus Lines, LinkSA, Path Transit and SouthLink operations with 930 buses. During July 2017, Keolis Downer trading as Newcastle Transport took over the Newcastle Buses & Ferries business under a 10-year contract. Newcastle Transport also operates the Newcastle Light Rail since February 2019. In October 2019, the Government of New South Wales announced that the bus operations of State Transit were to be contracted out to the private sector. During May 2021, Keolis Downer was awarded the contract to operate Sydney Bus Region 8. Keolis Downer Northern Beaches (KDNB) commenced operating on 31 October 2021 with its contract to run for eight years.

Canada
Keolis Canada operates as a subsidiary of Keolis America. The majority of its Canadian operations are located in Montreal, where it operates the Quebec intercity bus company Orléans Express and part of the Exo Mascouche sector. In addition, under its own brand, Keolis provides shuttle bus services between Ottawa Train Station and Montreal Airport for Air France and KLM passengers.

From 2004 to 2012, the company also operated Acadian Lines intercity buses in The Maritimes. The latter services have since been taken over by independent operator Maritime Bus.

Keolis is a partner in the GrandLinq consortium and operator of the Ion rapid transit system in Waterloo Region, Ontario.

In July 2024, Keolis announced that it is acquiring Pacific Western Transportation's Transit and Motorcoach operations.

China
In China, Keolis and Shanghai Shentong Metro Group, the owner of Shanghai Metro, created a joint venture called Shanghai Keolis in March 2014. Shanghai Keolis started operating the Pujiang line (formerly Phase 3 of Shanghai Metro Line 8 ) in March 2018. It would also be operating Shanghai Pudong International Airport's people mover system in 2019, which will link the proposed satellite concourse building with the existing Terminal 1 and Terminal 2. as well as the Songjiang Tram within the Songjiang Region, a suburb west of Shanghai downtown, in 2020.

An agreement had been signed between Keolis and Hubei Government, and Keolis will be responsible for Greater Wuhan area's suburban railway operation.

Denmark
Keolis Danmark is the second biggest bus operator in Denmark with 500 buses and 1,500 employees. Keolis entered the Danish market in 1999 when they bought 49% of the Danish bus operator City-Trafik. During 2007, City-Trafik became a wholly owned subsidiary of Keolis. In 2014, City-Trafik surprised the Danish bus industry when they announced their plans to merger with Nettbuss Danish subsidiary in a joint venture, Keolis owning 75% while Nettbuss held a 25% stake, until the merger was accepted by the Danish authorities. The former City-Trafik was named Keolis Bus Danmark and the former Nettbuss Danmark was named Keolis Danmark. During late 2014, the Danish authorities accepted the merger, permitting the two companies to merge as Keolis Danmark in the following year. During 2015, Keolis was also awarded a contract to operate the first tram in Denmark in Aarhus, which was set to open two years later. In 2016, Keolis SA bought the last 25% of the shares from Nettbuss AS, making Keolis Danmark a wholly-owned subsidiary of Keolis

France
Keolis has extensive operations in France. It provides transit services in many cities including Bordeaux, Dijon, Lille, Lyon, Orléans, and Rennes. In January 2016, the 260 vehicle Transports Daniel Myers business was purchased. Based in the Essonne/Val-de-Marne basin, its main operations are in Montlhéry, Etampes and Avrainville.

Germany
Keolis held a majority (60/40) stake with Rhenus in the Eurobahn joint venture at its founding in 1998. Under the Eurobahn brand, Keolis operated multiple regional train services in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Lower Saxony and in the Netherlands. Eurobahn used Stadler Flirt electric multiple units and Bombardier Talent diesel cars to serve these lines. During December 2007, the joint venture was dissolved; at this point, Rhenus took ownership of the bus operations and two railway contracts while Keolis gained full ownership of Eurobahn and the remaining contracts.

In October 2021, Keolis announced its intention to divest Eurobahn and withdraw from the German market. It was sold to a subsidiary of the law firm Noerr during December 2021.

India
In 2012, Keolis was awarded the Operation and Maintenance contract of the Hyderabad Metro Rail project. This contract marked Keolis's foray into the Indian market. The Hyderabad Metro Rail Project is valued at 220 billion. Keolis Hyderabad, along with L&T, commenced metro rail operations from 27 November 2017.

Netherlands
Keolis's subsidiary in Netherlands is Keolis Nederland, originally named Syntus.

In 1999, Keolis commenced operations in the Netherlands through a 33% shareholding in Syntus. During 2007, this stake was increased to 50%. In 2012, Keolis purchased Nederlandse Spoorwegen's 50% share in the venture, thus acquiring full control of Syntus. The Syntus brand was retired in October 2017 and replaced by the Keolis Nederland brand.

Norway
Keolis's subsidiary in Norway was Keolis Norge. It was first formed in 2008 as Fjord1 Partner, a joint venture between Fjord1 Nordvestlandske (49%) and Keolis Nordic (51%).

In April 2014, Fjord1 sold their shares to Keolis; to mark this change, the company was rebranded as Keolis Norge AS. On 6 September 2022, DSD AS, the owner of Tide Buss announced they would buy out all shares in Keolis Norge and take over the running of all their contracts, leaving the company defunct.

Qatar
On 7 December 2017, Qatar Rail, the Qatari national public transport operator, awarded RKH Qitarat — the joint venture based on a consortium between RATP Dev and Keolis (49%) and the Qatari company Hamad Group (51%) — the operations and maintenance contract for the new automated metro of Doha, the capital of Qatar, and a light rail network in Lusail, the second largest city in Qatar, located 15 km from Doha’s city center.

Sweden
Keolis Sverige was founded in 2003 when Keolis bought 70 % of Busslink. The remainder was acquired in 2010. Keolis Sverige is the second-largest operator in Swedish bus market. Keolis Sverige operates 1,000 SL bus in Stockholm and 1,800 buses in the rest of Sweden.

United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom, Keolis owns 35% of Govia that owns Govia Thameslink Railway, operator of the Thameslink, Southern & Great Northern franchise and previously operated Thameslink, Southeastern and London Midland. Keolis also had a 45% shareholding in First TransPennine Express from February 2004 until March 2016. Upon being re-tendered, FirstGroup took full control.

During 2012, Keolis lodged a joint bid with SNCF for the aborted InterCity West Coast franchise. In 2014, in partnership with Eurostar, the company submitted a bid for the InterCity East Coast franchise; however, the franchise was awarded to Stagecoach Group/Virgin Group, who trading as Virgin Trains East Coast (VTEC).

In partnership with Amey, Keolis operates both the Docklands Light Railway and Manchester Metrolink concessions. Furthermore, Keolis is part of the Tramlink Nottingham consortium that commenced operating the Nottingham Express Transit tram operation in December 2011. Specifically, operations have been sub-contracted to Nottingham Trams Limited, a consortium of Keolis (80%) and Wellglade (20%).

In May 2018, the Wales & Borders franchise was awarded to KeolisAmey Wales, who received a contract valued at £5billion covering a 15-year period starting on 14 October 2018. This contract included the provision of investment in the Welsh network, including £800M into new rolling stock, £194M to modernise 247 stations and build five new Metro stations, the running of 285 extra services between Monday and Friday along with 294 extra Sunday services.

On 14 October 2018, KeolisAmey Wales commenced operations under the Welsh Government-owned Transport for Wales brand. On 31 May 2020, an Emergency Measures Agreement was approved to assist KeolisAmey Wales; it detailed that the Welsh Government will spend up to £65million over the next six months to ensure trains continue to operate on the franchise. On 7 February 2021, the franchise was nationalised by the Welsh Government and transferred to a publicly owned operator of last resort, Transport for Wales Rail, with Amey retaining an involvement in delivering key infrastructure projects related to the Core Valley Lines.

United States
Keolis America is based in Boston, Massachusetts. It does business as Keolis North America, operating public transportation contracts in both the U.S. and Canada. In the U.S., its subsidiaries operate commuter rail systems in Virginia and Massachusetts, as well as fixed-route and shuttle bus systems in several states. In Nevada, Keolis operates bus services along the Las Vegas strip through a contract with the Regional Transportation Commission.

On 16 October 2009, the Virginia Railway Express (VRE) Operations Board approved an $85 million contract with Keolis Rail Services America to operate and maintain VRE trains for five years. Keolis began operating VRE on 12 July 2010 after a two-week delay, ending Amtrak's 18-year tenure as operator. Both Amtrak and Keolis had staffed the VRE lines with about 80 employees. However, during the bidding, a group of Holocaust survivors and Maryland politician Heather Mizeur called for investigations into SNCF's role in transportation of Nazi prisoners to concentration camps during the Second World War before the Keolis contracts could move forward. The operator of the train line, Amtrak, also challenged the propriety of hiring a foreign company.

It has also bid to run some California commuter rail segments and two MARC lines in Maryland, even though with the latter, the company is running into similar issues with the VRE bidding. Another group of Holocaust survivors, led by now-deceased Leo Bretholz also requested investigations of SNCF's involvement in the conflict. As a result, a law was passed to enforce this, leading to major criticism because SNCF had already documented their role in the deportation and had in fact released their archives for research and educational purposes in 1996. Eventually however, Keolis would lose to Canadian company Bombardier Transportation.

On 29 November 2011, Keolis Transit America, Keolis' US subsidiary, announced acquisition of Tectrans Inc., a California-based privately held provider of contract transportation services. Tectrans holdings included in the acquisition included Mobility Plus Transportation, Western Transit Systems, and Diversified Transportation. Keolis bus operations in the United States include Foothill Transit, OC Bus, Tri-Rail Commuter Connectors, and RTC.

On 8 January 2014, the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority awarded Keolis Commuter Services a contract to operate 664 miles of passenger service for $2.68 billion over eight years, with the possibility for two two-year extensions that could bring the total price to $4.3 billion. It began operating the MBTA Commuter Rail on 1 July 2014.

Corporate responsibility and strategy
The firm is expanding into new markets (through public calls for tenders in France and worldwide) and launching innovative initiatives in mobility.

Autonomous shuttles and automated metro systems
The company's main innovations in public transport operations are driverless shuttles and automated metro systems:
 * Public transport services by self-driving shuttle (through a partnership with Navya, a French manufacturer of self-driving shuttles), which started in September 2016 in Lyon. Keolis currently runs self-driving shuttle services in France and worldwide, particularly in La Défense and Las Vegas.
 * Automated metro systems in Shanghai and Hyderabad.

Digital services
Keolis offers trip planning, booking and payment services:
 * The launch in 2015 of the Plan Book Ticket digital app, which combines “plan” features to organize trips, “book” features to reserve them and “ticket” features to obtain and validate a ticket directly using a smartphone
 * The Launch in 2018 of an open payment solution on the Dijon transport network (bank cards can now be used as tickets)
 * The introduction of the HelloGo app, which enables passengers to plan, reserve and purchase their tickets for all modes of transport in Utrecht

Electromobility and alternative energies
Keolis uses electromobility and alternative energies on several of its networks:
 * Launch of a biomethane bus service in Sweden in 2015
 * Launch of electric bus service in Rennes, Orléans and Los Angeles
 * Launch of a natural gas bus service in Montargis in 2018

Transport for passengers with reduced mobility
Keolis operates transport services for passengers with reduced mobility, such as PAM75 in Paris and PAM94 in the Val-de-Marne department of France.

Key data
Keolis generated revenues of €5.4 billion in 2017. Net profits (group share) amounted to €51 million.

Keolis transports 3 billion passengers annually. International business represents 45% of the company's revenues

In 2017, the company had 63,000 employees in France and worldwide.

title: Keolis


text:
Karragullen, Western Australia

Karragullen is a suburb of Perth, Western Australia, located within the City of Armadale. Its postcode is 6111.

Prior to 1949 it was a stopping place on the Upper Darling Range Railway.

The suburb is an agricultural area and is predominantly known as orchard country. Many of the orchards were developed by Italian migrants in the 1930s and 1940s and these have subsequently been taken over by their 1st and 2nd generation Australian descendants.

The Karragullen area borders the Canning Dam reservoir zone and borders the start of bushland in the East-South-East direction from Perth. It neighbours Pickering Brook to the east and Roleystone to the west.

Once a year Karragullen hosts a field day that showcases the local industries and its practices. The event has been running for over 20 years.

December 2004 saw a fire ravage most of the bushland and some areas of orchard. Fire fighters and locals rallied together to battle the blaze that is believed to have been started by an arsonist.

General references

 * Webb, E.G. (Eric Godfrey) & Kalamunda and Districts Historical Society (1996). Rails in the hills : a history of the railway from Midland to Karragullen, 1891-1949 Kalamund & Districts Historical Society, Kalamunda, W.A

title: Karragullen, Western Australia


text:
Aroura

Aroura may refer to:

 * Arura, an Homeric word for earth, land
 * Aroura (Xenakis), a 1971 composition for strings by Iannis Xenakis
 * Bani Zeid al-Sharqiya, a Palestinian village
 * Aroura, an Ancient Greek unit of area

title: Aroura


text: Category:Bombycidae

title: Category:Bombycidae


text:
Porcuna

Porcuna is a village and municipality in the province of Jaén in Andalusia, Spain, 42 km from Jaén and 50 km from Córdoba. The primary occupation of the 6,990 inhabitants is olive growing. The main tourist attractions are the tower of Boabdil, the Casa Piedra, the Paseo de Jesús and the various hermitages.

One of Porcuna's famous sons is the Baroque poet Juan del Valle y Caviedes, born here around 1645, who moved to Perú at an early age and wrote biting satirical works attacking the hypocrisy of the Colonial upper class society of Lima.

title: Porcuna