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User talk:Curpsbot-unicodify

This page formerly redirected to my talk page. However, I've now removed the redirect so that discussion of the bot's edits can be centralized here. This page is on my watchlist, but to contact me directly you can leave a message at User talk:Curps. -- Curps 03:47, 24 September 2005 (UTC)

Escape sequence bot
From the limited overview of your bot given on Bots, I am a little concerned. Many older browsers mangle non-ASCII characters, especially in character sets that they cannot display (most often East Asian characters). Converting escaped characters to their literal forms is likely to make this currently occasional problem much more common - I have seen only a few edits be reverted on these grounds. If anything we should be converting the other way! Obviously that has problems of its own, as it makes the page harder to edit, but I really don't think we should be removing escapes that are already there. Hope to hear from you soon, Soo 19:28, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

 * See . There should not be a problem with it.

 * It's not really a full-blown bot yet, I'm running it manually one page at a time and checking the diffs. -- Curps 19:44, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

Bots
Um... did you request to run your bot already? I didn't see your bot proposal on the bot talk page. --AllyUnion (talk) 06:25, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, I'm running it manually, in the sense of checking each edit within minutes. So it hasn't been turned loose.  But I'll go ahead and put a notice on the talk page. -- Curps 06:29, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

Redirect-eliminating bot
The second run of your redirect-eliminating bot (which is very useful, btw) seems to incorrectly treat links to disambiguated pages. Eg. this edit changed  to , instead of. -- Naive cynic 09:51, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

 * You're right, it shouldn't have done that, and I noticed it and fixed the code. I thought I found the pages where it did that and fixed them, but I guess I missed a few.  Let me know if you find any other examples. -- Curps 10:10, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

a few suggestions for User:Curpsbot-unicodify

 * 1) Only do a particular page once.
 * 2) * Rationale: if someone has a legit reason to revert your bots changes from entities to inline unicode they aren't going to appreciate you doing it again
 * 3) Don't convert any right to left characters (hebrew/arabic) in a line that contains entites that won't be converted or other html markup.
 * 4) * Rationale: if html markup ends up sandwitched between two right to left characters it can in some cases end up rendered in a rather odd order in the edit box due to the fact it is made up of a mixture of letters/numbers that are strong left to right and symbols that are directionally neutral.
 * 5) Don't convert talk pages.
 * 6) * Rationale: Comments on talk pages are rarely edited after the fact so there is no point in converting them

 * (above comments by User:Plugwash)

 * 1 — Normally, Unicode conversions would only need to be done once. There have been some exceptions during development when I refined it to handle a previously overlooked range, but this should be reasonably settled now.  I have also stopped converting ndash, mdash and minus to literal Unicode.

 * However, the code is being expanded to optionally modify redirects (see User:Curpsbot-unicodify user page), and this will probably be done in a separate pass most of the time.

 * 2 — I am putting in special checking for RTL issues. The edit box problem only seems to occur when there is a non-whitespace LTR character embedded between RTL characters on the same line, and this non-whitespace LTR character is not separated by whitespace from any RTL character.  If that's found, it prompts on whether to go ahead with the change.

 * However, the default case (with no RTL-LTR-RTL embedding) seems to have no edit-box issues, and that's nearly all of the cases encountered so far. In any case, I am concentrating on eastern European pages for now, where there is already heavy use of diacritics and new edits already have introduced literal Unicode characters, so I only rarely encounter RTL (only in interwiki or a few Yiddish names), so it's not much of an issue so far.

 * In any case, this problem can be solved merely by adding a sufficiently long HTML comment at the right place on the line, to ensure that the editor interprets the line as a predominantly LTR line. I may modify the bot to prompt the operator on whether to do this.

 * 3 — I'm not targetting talk pages. The only way a talk page would get converted is if it somehow was incorrectly added to a category and I ran the bot over that category and its subcategories.  If this did happen though, it's no big deal: refactoring talk pages is OK as long as it doesn't alter what was said, and the bot never introduces any reader-visible changes.

 * -- Curps 18:07, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

Cheers seems you already have that under control. Out of interest why did you stop converting dashes? Plugwash 22:14, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I noticed one or two people reverted them back to &ndash;. Maybe it's because in a browser edit window with fixed-width fonts, a literal ndash looks exactly like a hyphen, so maybe it was just a mistaken impression on their part.  Perhaps I'll ask them on their talk page. -- Curps 01:05, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I'll give you a damn good reason not to convert dashes. There are several that look quite similar.  It is very difficult for an editor to tell which one is being used when the character appears in the edit box − rather than, for example, – and − and the ordinary - hyphen.  Tell me by looking at it which one I used where I should have had an — in the last sentence.  Can you do so?  Gene Nygaard 05:24, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

 * A part of this problem is that the length of these dashes is different when I view an article page from what it is when I view these characters on the edit screen, due to different fonts being used. That is true for most, if not all, editors.  Gene Nygaard 05:55, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I turned off conversion of &mdash;, &ndash; and &minus; a few days ago. -- Curps 19:09, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

I also don't think you should be converting the ones specifically telling us about the Unicode symbols, as in the changes you made in ring (diacritic). Note that "U+055A ( ՚ )" is not as useful to editors as the previous (appearing on edit page there as this appears on article page here) "U+055A ( &#1370; )", even though they appear the same on the article page there. The latter tells editors who go to the edit screen how they can make this character in their editing. Yes, some people will know from just the "U+" number that they can also make it with "&#x55A;" (since ՚ and ՚ are the same thing) but the use of hexadecimal numbers rather than decimal numbers for this purpose, and the meaning of that x in &#x55a;, are confusing to many people, and even the fact that what follows "U+" is in fact a number escapes many of them. Gene Nygaard 05:50, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure I agree with that reasoning. If they want to make that character, they will probably just cut and paste it from the non-edit window (ie, the displayed page itself). -- Curps 19:09, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

Second bot - Diacritic pages
It sounds like, and correct me if I'm wrong, you want to disambig diacritic pages. If that is the case, there is something you can alter from the pywikipedia framework to get you started. --AllyUnion (talk) 06:14, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

 * It's not actually disambiguation, it's elimination of redirects, especially of the form Fóó, where the article is now at "Fóó" and "Foo" is now just a redirect to it. The bot simplifies this to just Fóó .  I added this code to the bot and it can be done simultaneously with the original functionality, but I'm usually running it as a separate pass for clarity.  The edit summary describes what the bot does in each edit. -- Curps 15:01, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I was just thinking that it is very similiar. --AllyUnion (talk) 07:25, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

Ring (diacritic)
Would you mind running the redirect portion of your bot on ring (diacritic)? Just be careful not to re-run the Unicode portion, as the conflict about changing the display versions for Unicode has been resolved. (Though I disagree with it. I wish I could completely eliminate the decimal version of all those entities. Aside from the fact, why would you go through all the trouble to convert the hex to decimal when the hex version is perfectly valid?) Anyway, there are a lot of non-Unicode redirects to Unicode links on that page. Thanks. —Gordon P. Hemsley→ ✉ 17:30, September 2, 2005 (UTC)

Curpsbot-unicodify
Hi Curps, you might want to update the code in your bot so that it doesn't change underscores to spaces in references to images (and possibly other media). Filenames usually contain underscores, not spaces (eg. "Image:Hungary_COA.jpg" and not "Image:Hungary COA.jpg" – see this edit by Curpsbot-unicodify).

The above notwithstanding – I couldn't be more grateful for the invaluable work your bot is doing. Thank you ever so much.

KissL 08:30, 6 September 2005 (UTC)
 * yes the actual filenames do indeed contain underscores however links with spaces work just fine, same as with articles really the internal name has underscores but you can use spaces just fine. Plugwash 13:49, 6 September 2005 (UTC)

 * As far as I can tell, Wikipedia handles Image: links exactly like any other wiki link: the URL contains underscores but the displayed headline within the page doesn't.

 * For instance, this talk page is  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Curpsbot-unicodify  but the headline says User talk:Curpsbot-unicodify, and Image: pages seems to work the same way. So I think it's OK if the bot just changes underscores universally without making a special case for image links. -- Curps 17:30, 6 September 2005 (UTC)

Well, as you like. I personally like image links with underscores better, since they work too, and they represent the filename correctly; but it is true that the page headings are rendered with spaces, in the image namespace too. KissL 10:41, 7 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I would prefer that the bot leave underscores alone in image names. I upload them with underscores because filenames with spaces can be a pain to deal with at a Unix shell prompt. Not everyone is a windoze zombie. RedWolf 00:54, 17 November 2005 (UTC)

Curpsbot-unicodify and dashes
Keep up the good work. You may be interested to know that some users prefer literal dashes, seePortal talk:Cricket. Personally, I have no strong opinions either way on that particular issue. Susvolans ⇔ 17:13, 8 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks. I prefer the literal dashes as well, but there are pros and cons and I don't want the bot's actions to be controversial.  We'll see how this evolves in the medium-term future. -- Curps 17:27, 8 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Yeah we use a fixed width edit box font, presumablly for the same reason most programmers use one: its a lot easier to line up code in a fixed width font (and lining stuff up can make it a lot more readable in the edit box). Unfortunately one side effect of this is that hyphen-minus (-) and n dash (–) look identical in the edit box on many systems. Plugwash 18:58, 8 September 2005 (UTC)

the bot that changes straight to curly quotes
It just did one of my articles; I want it to do others. Any way of requesting this? Tony 14:02, 11 September 2005 (UTC)

 * It doesn't change straight to curly quotes, it only changes &#…; and &…; (and %xx) into literal Unicode characters. Which article are you referrring to?  If you want a particular article to be processed by the bot in the near future, just leave me a note. -- Curps 18:08, 11 September 2005 (UTC)

The article is Patrick White, in which yesterday your bot changed all single quote marks to ’ (and where applicable, ‘); it also fixed up the superscript in square km.
 * How, I wonder, was this run-through triggered? Is there some way of triggering it myself?
 * The funny thing is that now I've just checked again, I see that in the edit boxes the '&' things have been replaced with curly quotes; this is even better, since other editors won't freak out about the gobbledygook.
 * The other funny thing is that many of the curly quotes, in both edit boxes and finished appearance, appear to have reverted to straight quotes.

Very odd.

Tony 00:43, 12 September 2005 (UTC)

 * As you can see from the diff, the bot merely changed &rsquo; and &lsquo; into the literal curly-quote characters. It never changes one character to a different character, and in general does not change the way an article appears to readers (it only changes the way it appears to editors, in the edit window, by changing "gobbledygook" to the corresponding actual characters).

 * The bot isn't running autonomously yet, I'm just launching it manually. I specify a particular category and let it run over all the articles in the category and recursively through all the subcategories and sub-subcategories.  I'm not sure exactly how the article Patrick White was selected, it was obviously in one of the sub-sub-subcategories.

 * Right now, the only way to definitely get a particular article processed is to let me know (the name of the article or the name of a category it's in) and I'll manually run it. At some point in the not-too-distant future, I'll probably let it run over all the articles in the English Wikipedia.

 * -- Curps 03:44, 12 September 2005 (UTC)

And a good thing that would be, too. Thanks for your efforts. I'll let you know of any articles I'd like the bot to crawl over—there are tons, actually, and it's a matter of rationing them. Tony 05:47, 12 September 2005 (UTC)

Unicodifier bot again
Heyya, Curps. The bot recently ran over the Georgian language article, which I've worked on a little in the past. I'm probably just not understanding what it did. Here's my concern: when I'm editing, I know how to type the escape sequences, but I don't know how to type the true Unicode characters. So as far as I can see, the bot has removed this article from among those I can easily work on. I must be missing something: is there an easy way to type these characters? ACW 01:43, 14 September 2005 (UTC)
 * It varies depending on the OS, theres some information in our unicode article and copy and paste should work too. Failing that there is no one stopping you still using the html entities for new text you add, curps bot just serves to make the existing wikitext easier to read it does not limit what you can use in the article in future. Plugwash 02:02, 14 September 2005 (UTC)

 * You can cut and paste them from Georgian alphabet or from Template:Unicode chart Georgian. This seems less errorprone than memorizing and typing in the &# codes. Or, as Plugwash said, you can keep on entering the &# entities for future edits, and perhaps the bot will pay a future visit and change those too, eventually.

 * An ideal solution would be to allow for Javascript click-to-enter Georgian character insertion that would work much like the "Insert:" selection below each edit window. Currently we have European letters in there, but unfortunately it would be impractical to add Greek, Cyrillic, Armenian, Georgian, Thai, etc.  It would be great if the Special:Preferences page allowed you to customize which alphabets appeared below your edit window.  Maybe that's an idea for a future MediaWiki enhancement. -- Curps 02:30, 14 September 2005 (UTC)

 * This sounds like a great idea. Perhaps there could be a "Show Special Keyboards" button, which revealed a bunch of other buttons with labels like "Show Georgian Keyboard", "Show IPA Keyboard", and so on.  That way we wouldn't take up real estate when not needed.  In fact, even better: suppose the presence of Georgian characters in the article automatically triggered the inclusion of the Georgian keyboard? ACW 19:05, 15 September 2005 (UTC)

 * User:Func seems to have been working on this very sort of thing, see User talk:Func. Give it a try and see if it works for you for IPA, and then adapting it to Georgian shouldn't be too hard (see also Unicode chart Georgian). -- Curps 00:03, 16 September 2005 (UTC)

 * the charinsert box has an id of "editpage-specialchars" so it probablly wouldn't be too hard to modify it from your custom monobook.js. Plugwash 02:39, 14 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Can you provide an example? I'm not familiar at all with CSS syntax.  I know the whole thing can be made to disappear by using "none", but how do you alter the set of letters and characters? -- Curps 02:43, 14 September 2005 (UTC)

Even once the bot converted the HTML entities to Unicode characters, you can still use HTML entities for your new edits. I fail ti see the problem, put if it persists, perhaps somebody can clarify. --Pjacobi 17:55, 24 September 2005 (UTC)

about unicode
Are there any other reasons, apart from being too ugly and taking up more bytes, against using &#decimal; for unicode characters? (I don't disagree I 'm just curious). Do you need any help with the unicode draft? Thanks. MATIA 12:26, 14 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Sure... readability. There are probably lots of people who can read a particular language and can even type in it, who'd be able to read and fix an interwiki link or snippet of text, but when they open their browser editor they just see the &# characters and they can't read it and don't know what to do (not everyone who could contribute is an experienced editor). -- Curps 13:53, 14 September 2005 (UTC)
 * entities are ok for occasional characters but you try to enter even a whole word as entities and the wikisource becomes virtually impossible to read and therefore to work on. Larger blocks of text are even worse. And thats assuming you know what entities are and where to look stuff up if you don't then you have no hope of editing the text at all. Plugwash 02:21, 31 December 2005 (UTC)

Dump-based conversion
So I have a list of 11,610 articles that contain HTML entities ( &foo; and &#XXX; ) and URL-encoded characters (%NN) in links to other articles. Converting these to native Unicode entities would be convient for me in the way that I analyze offline database dumps. I think weird characters in links are also the most confusing place them to be for editors. Would you be able and willing to make use of this list to feed to Curpsbot-unicodify? I also have a list of 3,000 or so articles with links that have double, leading, or trailing spaces in links. Does the bot fix these cases as well?

In the long run, it seems like it would be useful to feed the bot a list of articles that needs to be fixed, rather than trolling various categories for candidates. If you would like me to provide such lists (or some scripts to produce them from database dumps), let me know.

Thanks!

Beland 01:52, 18 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Sure, it would be useful to have that list, and I could run the bot over it. One problem, though, I don't use e-mail, so perhaps the easiest thing to do would be to dump it into the Sandbox and then give me a link to the revision in question.

 * The bot doesn't currently fix leading, trailing, or double spaces in links (or double underscores), but could easily be modified to do so.

 * You are right that it would make more sense to use database dumps as a way of generating targets for the bot rather than trawling categories. I'm pretty sure I looked at a page once that had links to database dumps, perhaps you can point me to it.  What are your scripts written in? -- Curps 05:13, 18 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, to avoid non-ASCII character conversion problems, I had Pearle upload the files directly. I'll delete them when they are no longer needed.  You can edit User:Pearle/for-curps to get the weird-character list, and  User:Pearle/for-curps2 to get the extra-spaces list.  Database dumps are found at: http://download.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/
 * Further information on dumps is at Database download. My scripts are written in Perl, though it's pretty trivial to write something that will search for a certain string in raw wikitext.  As long as you don't mind downloading and storing a gigabyte or two.-- Beland 05:52, 18 September 2005 (UTC)

 * OK, I've grabbed the for-curps files and have started running them. The bot usually pauses about a minute between pages, so it may take a couple of weeks to get everything done.

 * I'll see about downloading the database. Is it now in the form of a collection of XML files (or one big XML file)?  I suppose that shouldn't be too hard to parse. -- Curps 07:41, 18 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm running the for-curps2 file now. Right now, the way it's doing it, it only processes the "A" part of B , in other words, not altering the number of spaces in the "B" part or trailing or leading blanks there.  Actually, I have a few misgivings about trailing and leading blanks even in the "A" part, since they might have been added simply for editing readability. -- Curps 16:22, 18 September 2005 (UTC)

 * There's a problem with removing leading and trailing blanks. Here's one real-life example:

Billy Martin is the first American League manager to…
 * Removing the leading blank causes the page to display differently (this would be even more pronounced if it was a trailing blank... the following word would be merged into the bluelink. I think it'll extra work to resolve this. -- Curps 18:40, 18 September 2005 (UTC)

Question about your bot
Hi. I saw that your bot converts to Unicode, and also trims spaces in places (the regex [_ ]). I wonder, did you consider having the bot remove extra empty lines between paragraphs? At least to me, it is an annoyance to see sections separated by a lot of newlines sometimes, and done in inconsistent manner. You can reply here, I will keep this page on my watchlist. Thanks, Oleg Alexandrov 15:13, 23 September 2005 (UTC)

 * The bot only removes extra spaces inside a link (and also leading and trailing spaces inside the "A" part of a A|B link), which is guaranteed not to affect how a page displays. Generally, the bot tries to avoid altering how a page displays to the reader, it usually only alters how it appears to the editor in the browser edit window.

 * It would be dangerous to delete multiple newlines, because often they are used to avoid text wrapping around tables, by editors unaware of the   or    HTML tags. So this isn't something that a bot should do. -- Curps 15:24, 23 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks, that clarifies it. Oleg Alexandrov 18:56, 23 September 2005 (UTC)

Templates
It did damage to Template:Infobox City and probably others too. Apparently it changed a field name containing an underscore which was inside brackets. Bad field name = bad rendering. PAR 15:34, 23 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Hmmm. Well it isn't scheduled to go through any more templates today.  I'll think about how to prevent this and go over the list of templates it did today. -- Curps 15:37, 23 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Perhaps the solution is to avoid doing underscores within    .  I'll give it some thought and avoid templates in the meantime. -- Curps 01:41, 24 September 2005 (UTC)

Non-user-visible edits
Your bot is also making a large number of edits that are composed only of non-user-visible edits. This costs Wikipedia (in bandwidth, database load, disk space to store revision history, etc.) and costs editors (in time to verify edits), all of which seems to be for no real benefit. Could you please modify the bot so that it does not make changes which are not user-visible (unless they have some non-visual impact on the integrity of Wikipedia) or at the very least only make such edits where it already has some user-visible work to do? Thanks. -Harmil 00:15, 24 September 2005 (UTC)

 * That's by design... nearly all of the bot's edits are non-reader-visible. In general the only exceptions are where it fixes an error (like a missing semicolon on &sup2 for instance).  However, the changes are very visible to editors, and articles become more readable (and therefore more editable) for editors.  Editors are just as important a constituency as readers, in fact there's no clear distinction between the two.  I do see a real benefit to this, and so do a number of others (see other comments on this talk page; also, the bot itself was requested at Bot requests).

 * The bot only does about one edit a minute, so the bandwidth and database load is minimal. There has been no guidance by any of the developers that disk space is close to becoming an issue, and if it was it would suffice to store very old revisions as compressed diffs.

 * It would be inadvisable to combine multiple different types of modifications (Unicode changes along with some user-visible change) into the same edit because that would actually make verification and checking harder. The human eye can skim over the diffs much faster if it knows it only needs to look out for one type of change.

 * Regarding the recent run which is mostly changing only underscores and extra spaces, that was a request from User:Beland (see above in this same page). When it completes tonight, the bot will resume mostly Unicode-oriented fixes to pages. -- Curps 00:57, 24 September 2005 (UTC)

unicode robot on the math pages?
Are you sure you want to be running the unicode robot on the math pages? It just blasted through Wess-Zumino-Witten model converting the math symbol γ into a unicode character that I have no idea how to edit, primarily because I do not actually have a greek keyboard, and the greek alphabet does not appear in the javascript "insert menu" of the edit page. This may be fine for foreign words and names of various famous people, but is vaguely disconcerting when it starts converting mathematical formulas. linas 02:11, 24 September 2005 (UTC)

 * There seems to be quite a lot of that sort of thing coming out of this bot. While I can agree that there's no need for some of the  type silliness that goes on on many pages, there's just no good reason to go prowling through pages full of math markup in a combination of TeX and HTML and replace just the HTML entities. The result is more—not less—confusing for the editor who knows the topic, and a real pain to go through and revert on a site-wide basis.

 * Where, in general are these changes being discussed before the bots are let loose? I'd like to participate in such conversations before future edits take place. -Harmil 02:55, 24 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I presume this is a just a single user, Iam guessing this was not debated at all.

 * I fully support using the bot to convert to Unicode; in my opinion, the resulting wiki markup is much cleaner and easier to understand, and there should be no special knowledge or skill needed to edit such an article. — Knowledge Seeker দ 03:20, 24 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes, but you don't appear to actually contribute to math pages. I'm somewhat disconcerted about the enforcement of a policy coming from an external source; or to put it more plainly, meddling by outsiders in the affairs of others. (I have kids, and we say "I don't swim in your toilet, don't pee in my pool.") linas 14:47, 24 September 2005 (UTC)

I'm not sure how the literal gamma can be disconcerting to you. After all it appears as a literal gamma in math formulas and in the Wess-Zumino-Witten model page itself (the page that readers see) it's been there all along. By the way, there's nothing stopping you from typing in &gamma; in your future edits if that's what you wish.

 * I could revert too, if I wish. That's not the point.

For what it's worth, it is in fact possible to make Greek characters (or IPA symbols, or any custom characters of your choice) appear in the javascript insert menu. User:Func has a bit of code that you could add to your Monobook.js file, you could contact him if you wish. -- Curps 03:31, 24 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Again, this misses the point. I'm not sure I quite like the idea, in fact, my gut impression is that its a bad idea. There are 10,000 math articles being edited by many dozens of highly active editors; this doesn't affect just me, but a whole community. I'd be a lot more comfortable if this had been properly debated at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Mathematics (and Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Physics) and a consensus/policy decision had been reached. linas 14:47, 24 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I agree with Linas. In fact I'd go further: math should not be written in Unicode or even HTML, but in LaTeX. The only reason we don't do it now is that the resulting PNG images make pages slow to load and visually uneven. That's a technical issue that will eventually be resolved; when it is, we'll want to back-convert everything to LaTeX. That will be easier to do from HTML than from Unicode. Please keep this bot off the math pages! --Trovatore 15:45, 24 September 2005 (UTC)

 * But the relationship between &gamma; and γ is strictly one to one: Why should it be easier to convert one style to LaTeX? --Pjacobi 16:18, 24 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Is it? That I didn't know. Can you point me to a table between the γ -style names and the Unicode numbers?
 * A general problem with Unicode is that different Unicodes can look visually almost the same; it's hard to tell by (manually) examining the source. With the HTML names it's much clearer. --Trovatore 16:33, 24 September 2005 (UTC)
 * http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/sgml/entities.html --Pjacobi 17:00, 24 September 2005 (UTC)

I don't think we will ever convert all the formulas to TeX. Rather, they will stay the way they are now, and the server will convert both the TeX and the HTML to MathML when generating the html page from wikicode. Oleg Alexandrov 16:27, 24 September 2005 (UTC)

 * It (LaTeX-ifying) would certainly be a painful job, but I think we ought to do it. The source carries semantic information that ought to be correct. This is why at the start I was against using HTML even provisionally; changed my mind about that when the servers started to slow down somewhere around the start of this month. --Trovatore 16:35, 24 September 2005 (UTC)

 * So what are we waiting for with MathML? For Microsoft to ship IE with the math plugin enabled by default? I notice that MathML demo looks pretty decent, although not perfect, in Firefox. Also, I thought that a web browser can announce that it supports MathML to the web server; thus in principle, the server could spew MathML to those browsers that support it. The second issue is "whose gonna write the code to enable this"? The third issue is "can the WP servers handle the load"? The fourth issue is "what to do with non-MathML browsers" and I propose the current solution "status quo: article author gets to choose TeX or HTML". linas 17:16, 24 September 2005 (UTC)

 * The biggest obstacle to Wikipedia serving MathML has nothing to do with MathML itself; it's everything else on the page. If the entire page is not valid XML, such as XHTML+MathML+SVG, a browser is entitled (required?) to choke — and Mozilla browsers do just that. Convince the developers to generate pages guaranteed to pass validation; please! My impression is they see no motivation to do so, balanced against a lot of painful work dodging quirks of old and/or stupid browsers. --KSmrqT 19:52, 24 September 2005 (UTC)

Speaking as a pesky "outsider" "meddling...in the affairs of others," I think what Curps' bot is doing is splendid. Converting to literal unicode characters does result in "wiki markup [that] is much cleaner and easier to understand," as Seeker says, and results in edit box text that is far more welcoming to average users. Not everyone knows off the top of their heads what the Unicodes stand for, and having to edit text where these are heavily used is discouraging. The change that Curps' bot is making is a small one—Unicode is already in wide use on WP, the bot is merely making it literal—but it's one that benefits new users enormously. I also cannot understand the objections (aside from Trovatore's; he objects to using unicode at all). The bot obviously does not change the way anything appears on the page, so there can't be a problem there. It changes how text appears in the edit box—by simplifying how it looks: if you can understand what is written in the article, you clearly should be able to understand what is written in the edit box. So where's the problem? One danger that I can see is unusual browsers (ie. text browsers like Lynx etc) mangling the text; but this apparently can be gotten around. As long as technical problems like this can be resolved, I think what the bot is doing is good. Just an "external source's" 2c.— encephalon εγκέφαλον  19:46, 24 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, not to Unicode per se. I object to WISYWIGization when it removes useful semantic information from the source code. As Knuth (or was it Lamport?) says, WYSIWYG is really "what you see is all you get". --Trovatore 21:17, 24 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Ah, ok. I'm not knowledgeable enough in this area to appreciate the difference, Trovatore. What semantic information is lost when γ replaces &gamma; in the edit box? Regards— encephalon εγκέφαλον  21:59, 24 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, this is a fairly trivial case, but someone might not recognize that that particular squiggle is a gamma (doesn't look much like one, frankly, on my browser). He could look at the source and say "oh, it's gamma". More in general, the names of math symbols are suggestive while the renderings of their Unicode equivalents are sometimes unclear; future-proofing should include preserving the names. --Trovatore 22:21, 24 September 2005 (UTC)

I agree with linas: I'm highly opposed to the & ; → Unicode edits in math/physics articles (I can see the purpose in articles about for instance historical figures whose names aren't really expected to be edited that much like here). Optimally, yes, everything should be in LaTeX, but failing that our responsibility is accommodate maximum general editablility. — Laura Scudder | Talk 19:57, 24 September 2005 (UTC)

But why is: γ is a G-valued less editable than: &gamma; is a G-valued In the de.wikipedia ISO-8859-1 => UTF-8 transition all HTML entities were replaced and nobody misses them. Of course, if you want to enter a new γ, you may also enter &gamma; - whatever works best for you. --Pjacobi 20:23, 24 September 2005 (UTC)

-- If this were a vote, my vote would be Wait for work-around

If the original &gamma; is a G-valued had been replaced by the slightly clunkier, but more accurate $$\gamma$$ is a G-valued then the bot wouldn't touch it. However, we'd have to wait a few months after that was proposed in a math/physics style guide before it would be safe. Or we could manually partially revert all the math articles affected by this bot, and replace the stray &symbol_name</I>s by $$\ symbol_name $$ .-- Arthur Rubin 21:26, 24 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Ok, I can see value here, because $$\gamma$$ is different from (and more accurate than) γ. But, like Pjacobi, I cannot see what information is lost when converting <tt>&gamma;</tt> to γ. If the goal is to get all math articles to express $$\gamma$$ instead of γ, that's worthy, eminently reasonable, and should be done irrespective of whether the present text uses literal Unicode or not. If one wished to create a bot to replace all instances of γ to $$\gamma$$, is this more difficult when the source code contains γ instead of <tt>&gamma;</tt>? If so, that would a good argument for keeping Curps' bot off the math pages. If not, I'm not sure what's the harm.— encephalon εγκέφαλον  22:18, 24 September 2005 (UTC)

 * On Talk:Wess-Zumino-Witten model, I asked "How does using Unicode gammas interfere with editing?...", and User:Linas responded with "It makes the page harder to edit. ...", which I didn't feel was a very helpful answer. To me it would seem that something like  is far easier to edit than , since it is intuitive; you are using the actual symbols. Perhaps if we Linas could explain feels that using the correct symbols instead of an escape sequence hampers editing, we could understand come to a mutually satisfactory solution. I post this here at Linas's request. — Knowledge Seeker দ 04:06, 25 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Instead of comparing "γ" (Unicode U+003b3, entity &gamma;) with "$$\gamma$$" (which presently appears to bracket the exact same character with a span of class "texhtml"), proper use of Unicode would argue for "𝛾" (U+1d6fe), which is "MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL GAMMA", because really we're writing mathematics, not Greek. Of course, that's useless with today's fonts and browsers; and the MathML recommendation itself does not use characters in that upper plane for this purpose (though it does so for, say, fraktur and script characters). Returning to reality, ease of editing is an honest concern, and only those who write a great deal of mathematics can appreciate what a pain it is to go through some point-and-click dance instead of typing "&gamma;". But that is not the end of the story, because we hope one day Real Soon Now to convert every formula from yucky wiki to uniform $$$$, displaying beautiful HTML/MathML typesetting. Meanwhile, it's bad enough we have to live with (edit) both
 * → ei π = −1
 * → $$e^{i\pi} = -1$$
 * but to mix "&pi;", "\pi", and "π" is even more unappealing. --KSmrqT 15:21, 25 September 2005 (UTC)

What really confuses me is the fact that we're letting a bot make controversial edits. I can see a person making a preference edit like this, and while I would strongly argue against it, I would not be as concerned as when a bot essentially enforces one person's aesthetic by making a universal change.

Now, as for why this edit was a bad idea? Simply put, you now have an article that mixes and matches TeX-style  and the TeX-style, it was much easier to read as the two are very similar. Ease of reading should be the most important aspect of a page, but since all of these forms are the same to the reader, I think the key thing is to make the page easy to edit, and it is easier to add and read characters that are the same as the math markup. I agree that if the math markup could be used everywhere, that would be ideal, but if it cannot, then mixing HTML-style markup with math markup is the closest that we can come. Or to put it another way: just be cause Unicode can do a thing, that does not mean that Unicode should do a thing. -Harmil 04:11, 25 September 2005 (UTC)

See blahtex. Apparently TeX is more visual than semantic, too? — Omegatron 06:18, 11 November 2005 (UTC)

Avoiding math pages
I have modified the bot to avoid editing pages that contain <math> for the time being. It may be necessary to revisit these pages later to at least convert any names of mathematicians, etc. -- Curps 16:20, 25 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I appreciate that. I don't know if it's the right criterion, though; a lot of math pages don't have <math> because of the issues with PNG images. Would it be difficult to avoid pages that are in a heir category to Category:Mathematics? --Trovatore 18:31, 25 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Perhaps, but sometimes there's category "spillover". For instance under category "Poland", you can have "Polish wars", under "Polish wars", you can have "World War II", and under World War II, you can have Japanese battleships.  So Japanese battleships end up as a sub-sub-sub-sub-category of Poland (to pick an actual example).

 * Also, I suspect that a lot of biographies of mathematicians would end up under sub-sub-categories of math, with no math formulas on them but lots of accented European letters. Also Computer Science is listed as a subcategory of Mathematics. So subcategories of Math is perhaps too broad.  I think most serious mathematics pages will have at least one <math> tag on them, at least one formula or equation.

 * -- Curps 00:06, 26 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I would appreciate it if the bot simply left Greek letters alone. I have also been known to edit Greek history pages, and having the style of Greek alphabet change uncontrollably is another controversial editing decision. I don't mind myself, but some will. Septentrionalis 01:17, 26 September 2005 (UTC)

 * For Greek history pages it's entirely appropriate for the bot to change to literal Greek letters. Any users who know Greek and can type on Greek keyboards are already entering literal Greek characters in all their edits now and in the future.  Many Greek-related articles are already a mix of literal Greek (edits since June 28 2005 changeover) and & references. -- Curps 01:55, 26 September 2005 (UTC)

Curps, by the way, thanks for the attention. As you see, we have a pile of unresolved typographical issues.

How about this compromise: if the &greekletter; shows up with non-alpha characters on both sides (e.g. is surrouneded by spaces, or by quotes) it is reasonable to assume its math. If it is non-greek, surrounded by strings consisting entirely of letters, e.g. Fr&circomf;chet its reasonable to assume its a place name or person name. Mixed roman/greek is a formula: Tγ. I suspect that 99% of the problem are the greek letters, and not the dotted, tilda'd, circonflex'ed roman characters. So mixed roman/greek are math formulas, and anything else is not. I think that would be a pretty safe heuristic. linas 00:55, 26 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Isolated Greek characters could also occur in an article about Greek language or grammar, or an astronomy articles (for Bayer designation names of stars), or in chemistry. Or, in a Greek quotation (on a literature or poetry page), there might be a one-letter word (I don't know Greek, are there any?).  So this would introduce a number of complications.  Perhaps the subcategory idea might work if the entire subcategory tree is printed out in a file and then manually edited to trim subcategories that don't fit.  I'll have to give it some thought. -- Curps 01:38, 26 September 2005 (UTC)

 * There is a list of all math articles at List of mathematical topics; some but not all physics areticles are in the list. linas 03:36, 26 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Hmmm... that page is regularly updated by the Mathbot. The Mathbot must have a list of mathematical articles that it checks on a regular basis.  Maybe the bot operator can offer some advice. -- Curps 03:52, 26 September 2005 (UTC)

 * It seems he has already created a List of mathematics categories, and has separated out the mathematician categories. I'll take a closer look tomorrow, but it looks promising. -- Curps 04:00, 26 September 2005 (UTC)

TeX and HTML doesn't always correspond, for Greek letters and others
Regarding HTML character entity references vs. TeX, there is not always a one-to-one correspondence for Greek letters :
 * &epsilon; → \varepsilon
 * U+03F5 (no &name) → \epsilon
 * &thetasym; → \vartheta
 * &piv; → \varpi
 * U+03F1 (no &name) → \varrho
 * &sigmaf; → \varsigma
 * &phi; → \varphi
 * U+03D5 (no &name) → \phi

The same applies to a number of other code points.

For instance :

 * U+2200 &forall; → \forall
 * U+2202 &part; → \partial
 * U+2203 &exist; → \exists
 * U+2205 &empty; → \emptyset
 * U+2207 &nabla; → \nabla
 * U+2208 &isin; → \in
 * U+2209 &notin; → \not\in
 * U+220B &ni; → \ni, \owns
 * U+220F &prod; → \prod
 * U+2211 &sum; → \sum
 * U+2212 &minus; → −
 * U+2217 &lowast; → \ast
 * U+221A &radic; → \surd
 * U+221D &prop; → \propto
 * U+221E &infin; → \infty
 * U+2220 &ang; → \angle
 * U+2227 &and; → \wedge, \land
 * U+2228 &or; → \vee, \lor
 * U+2229 &cap; → \cap
 * U+222A &cup; → \cup
 * U+222B &int; → \int
 * U+2234 &there4; → ?
 * U+223C &sim; → \sim
 * U+2245 &cong; → \cong
 * U+2248 &asymp; → \approx
 * U+224D (no &name) → \asymp
 * U+2260 &ne; → \not\=, \ne, \neq
 * U+2261 &equiv; → \equiv
 * U+2264 &le; → \leq, \le
 * U+2265 &ge; → \geq, \ge
 * U+2282 &sub; → \subset
 * U+2283 &sup; → \supset
 * U+2284 &nsub; → \not\subset
 * U+2286 &sube; → \subseteq
 * U+2287 &supe; → \supseteq
 * U+2295 &oplus; → \oplus
 * U+2297 &otimes; → \otimes
 * U+22A5 &perp; → \perp
 * U+22C5 &sdot; → \cdot

Also
 * &larr; → \leftarrow, \to
 * &rarr; → \rightarrow, \gets
 * &uarr; → \uparrow
 * &darr; → \downarrow
 * &harr; → \leftrightarrow
 * &crarr → \hookleftarrow
 * &lArr; → \Leftarrow
 * &rArr; → \Rightarrow
 * &uArr; → \Uparrow
 * &dArr; → \Downarrow
 * &hArr; → \Leftrightarrow

Also :
 * &not; → \neg, \lnot
 * &sect; → \S
 * &para; → \P

Also :
 * &dagger; → \dag, \dagger
 * &Dagger; → \ddag, \ddagger

Shah Jahan OK??
Please note the changes this bot made to Shah Jahan. The Japanese characters were removed and replaced by ???? Is this expected behavior? Thanks...--Nemonoman 00:34, 28 September 2005 (UTC)

 * The Japanese interwiki link was changed to ja:シャー・ジャハーン, which is correct. If this shows up as ???? on your computer, it's a font issue.  What browser and operating system are you using? -- Curps 02:34, 28 September 2005 (UTC)

Ampersands
Although ampersands are commonly found in URLs they still need to be HTML encoded in web pages. Even Google gets this wrong. See also Ampersands (&'s) in URLs

 * The bot doesn't change any of the ASCII character entity references (namely, &quot; &amp; &lt; &gt;) or ASCII numeric character references (except for &#32; = &#x20; = SPACE). -- Curps 21:16, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I think he was trying to point out that links of the form "http://xxxxx.yyy?aaaa=....&bbbb=", mentioned in the main page as causing problems, are actually invalid if found in HTML. The ampersand needs encoding: "http://xxxxx.yyy?aaaa=....&amp;bbbb=" . Maybe the bot could help clean those up. -- KJBracey 09:48, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

Unicode private use area mapping
Hi, just a note to let you know that I found a page describing a private use area mapping which has a corect mapping for the offending character you found recently on Cædmon: http://www.tabligan.net/Linux%20Downloads/groff-1.19.1/font/devlj4/generate/symbol.map. If this is a common mapping, it might be useful the next time you encounter something like this. – gpvos (talk) 23:26, 5 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks, that solves the mystery, it's very useful information. Fortunately, though, private-use characters within Wikipedia are pretty rare. -- Curps 01:13, 8 November 2005 (UTC)

Short-changing the editors
unless they go to the trouble of memorizing and typing in the &# code for each such character, which is extremely unlikely

This is patently silly. Anyone on Wikipedia with any respectable Internet or Web experience understands HTML entities, and knows many of them either by heart or with only minor trouble, because they have meaningful and mnemonic names, and can be entered with standard keyboard in standard mode.

It is much easier to remember  rather than remembering whatever key-mashing or Alt+0xxx code will produce the character é. Furthermore, the proper sequence will differ from system to system, e.g. in Windows it is Alt-0233; in Linux (X) it is, and on Mac I have no idea. But  works everywhere, and it is easy to remember. always makes sense, as do entities such as  = ©,   = ¢, or   = þ. - Keith D. Tyler ¶ 20:39, 8 November 2005 (UTC)

 * You don't have to change the way you edit. When you make future edits, there's nothing stopping you from typing out &eacute; instead of é if you prefer. It will work as before and the bot will presumably convert those in due time in some future pass.  But why would you insist that it should remain as "&eacute;" for all time?  The character entity references or numeric character references are far less convenient for the reader, and in some cases, like "Łódź" the former version was simply unreadable.  Or consider articles which give the lyrics to national anthems in Greek or Russian... in the former version, a user fluent in the language in question who spotted a typo would be confronted with a sea of &# and digits, and in many cases would simply have given up. -- Curps 21:12, 8 November 2005 (UTC)

 * It is also reasonable to assume that editors who speak languages other than English will have more reasonable keyboard configurations or input methods. -- Beland 03:23, 11 November 2005 (UTC)

Software changes
It seems like this functionality is already built into the software. Can't we just ask for a button to display the source code in either unicode character format or html unicode entity format as needed? — Omegatron 06:11, 11 November 2005 (UTC)

Stop the Bot!
Your bot is changing &lsquo to '. We have had discussions about this and ' is not the same character and therefore an incorrect subsitute. This particular "glottal stop" consonant is somewhat in dispute because the correct rendering is actually a unicoide that does not render on common browsers. Please remove this particular change until the correct rendering can be established. Your other changes look ok to me - Marshman 18:58, 11 November 2005 (UTC)

 * You're mistaken, the bot changes &lsquo to the literal Unicode character U+2018 LEFT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK, not to ' which is the apostrophe (U+0027). It may be that your browser is rendering that character as an apostrophe. -- Curps 02:25, 9 December 2005 (UTC)
 * This is exactly the problem with doing these mass-changes. We are replacing an easily-identifiable, easily-editable source with one where it's hard to identify the characters, for example all these quotes and dashes. We shouldn't be typesetting in source. Please desist making further mass-changes like this. Thanks! Demi T/C 23:18, 13 December 2005 (UTC)

 * It's also doing things like changing &mdash; and &ndash; and &nbsp; ... those are pretty much impossible to distinguish in a text edit box if they're the literal UTF-8 character rather than the entity. Please at least set it to change these back - David Gerard 00:13, 14 December 2005 (UTC)

 * The default behavior is not to change mdash and ndash, and will not do so unless a flag is set. It did change those in its very earliest edits, but not since then. -- Curps 22:07, 14 December 2005 (UTC)

I don't get it
I am none too fluent in technical computer things, so this is rather a basic question: why are these changes necessary? I read the bot's user page (well, some of it), but the answer to this question is still not clear to me. Perhaps a brief lay-person explanation could be added to the bot's user page? Cheers, Qirex 13:30, 9 December 2005 (UTC)

 * For readers, the bot makes no visible difference. But for editors, it improves legibility and therefore editability.  Consider the Soviet national anthem differences: : it's much easier for editors to work with the version on the right than the version on the left. -- Curps 21:55, 12 December 2005 (UTC)

Good bot
Wow, this bot sure has taken a lot of flak :) I'd just like to say that it shows up on my watchlist every now and then and I always appreciate its efforts. Sometimes, for example, I lazily type in œ and it helpfully converts it to the literal unicode value. - Haukur Þorgeirsson 16:41, 10 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes, I absolutely agree. My watchlist is filled with China-related topics, and this bot has been incredibly helpful. Never again will I need to wrestle with unreadable strings of numbers. Thanks for the great work! =D -- ran (talk) 04:51, 15 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Agreed. A change to the software could make this bot no longer necessary, though.  Currently the software presents two different versions of the source.  If you have a decent browser, it presents the source in UTF-8.  If you have an old browser that doesn't handle UTF-8 very well, it converts all the Unicode characters into HTML entities and presents you with a plain text version of the source.
 * I propose a blanket conversion of all special characters to UTF-8, everywhere, and then provide an option in the editing interface to see either the Unicode or plain text versions of the source during editing. Then you can see the unicode version if you're editing something that just requires you to read through and change content, and you can see the explicit entities if you're editing something that requires knowledge of the actual Unicode character values or if you want to copy and paste into a non-Unicode text editor, spell checker, or the like.
 * See Bug 4012 — Omegatron 16:41, 15 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Converting all special characters and providing only a blanket on/off is probablly a bad idea. some unicode characters are going to be a huge pita to work with in the edit box (text direction markers proper dashes non-breaking spaces, situations with a complex mix of ltr and rtl characters etc) whilst editing the whole page in entites isn't such a nice idea either.

 * Btw the feature that is there now for conversion is a quick and disgusting hack to stop ie mac users causing MAJOR problems ;). Plugwash 17:06, 15 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Yeeeaaaaaaaaahh, well. Something similar, then.  :-)
 * There are lots of instances where I would like to see the wikicode in plain unicode characters, like for plain editing of articles. I want to be able to read it as easily as possible, without mucked up numbers and ampersands everywhere, and edit the content of the article, not the technical details.
 * There are also plenty of instances where I would like to see exactly which character I'm working with, like if I'm converting "word – word" into "word — word" or "10 μF" into "10 µF", and cases where I want to copy the text into a text editor for making repetitive edits or something. — Omegatron 17:31, 15 December 2005 (UTC)

 * If you need to know exactly which character you're dealing with and manipulate "pita" characters you should copy-and-paste the wikitext into a real Unicode text editor like BabelPad and then copy-paste back when you're done. There's really no substitute for dedicated Unicode software. DopefishJustin 04:06, 25 January 2006 (UTC)

 * btw i think mu and the micro sign are only distinguished for historical reasons and both are in wgl4 so it shouldn't be a huge issue. Plugwash 12:51, 25 January 2006 (UTC)

Could you please unicodify Serbian Orthodox Church? Nikola 11:03, 15 December 2005 (UTC)

Can we request unicodification?
If so I'd like the bot to work on Asia-related articles next. Articles like Hanja need unicodification. Thanks. -- Миборовский U 00:07, 24 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Could you also have a pass over Scrabble letter distributions please? There's some weird BiDi effects going on with the Arabic section, where the brackets appear to be unpaired but clearly are correct in the edit view. You seem to know what you're doing with Unicode so I wondered if you could have a look at this annoying complication. Soo 11:54, 31 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Putting a pair of unicode LRMs arround each arabic letter did the trick. This sort of problem happens when people surround samples of right to left characters with characters that have neutral directionality (e.g. brackets) Plugwash 15:13, 3 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Is unicodification a word?--205.188.116.139 13:11, 15 June 2006 (UTC)
 * I have never seen either unicodify or unicodification outside the context of this bot and clones of its functionality (e.g. awb). They are also misleading terms, the text was unicode the whole time its just being converted from unicode encoded as numeric html entities to unicode encoded as a UTF-8 bytestream. Plugwash 21:06, 15 June 2006 (UTC)

Source code?
Can you upload the source code to Wikipedia (or point to it online)? It would be useful for authors developing similar tools (to avoid rediscovering all the problems you solved) and it would add to the confidence that it was working well. Gdr 16:58, 6 January 2006 (UTC)

New seed list available
...on Bad links/encoded1, if you are interested. Thanks! -- Beland 03:47, 3 April 2006 (UTC)

This is a automated to all bot operators
Please take a few moments and fill in the data for your bot on Bots/Status Thank you Betacommand (talk • contribs • Bot) 19:00, 12 February 2007 (UTC)

Automated message to bot owners
As a result of discussion on the village pump and mailing list, bots are now allowed to edit up to 15 times per minute. The following is the new text regarding bot edit rates from Bot Policy: "Until new bots are accepted they should wait 30-60 seconds between edits, so as to not clog the recent changes list and user watchlists. After being accepted and a bureaucrat has marked them as a bot, they can edit at a much faster pace. Bots doing non-urgent tasks should edit approximately once every ten seconds, while bots who would benefit from faster editing may edit approximately once every every four seconds." Also, to eliminate the need to spam the bot talk pages, please add Bot owners' noticeboard to your watchlist. Future messages which affect bot owners will be posted there. Thank you. --Mets501 00:49, 22 February 2007 (UTC)

Curpsbot-unicodify deflagged
Your bot, Curpsbot-unicodify which was approved and flagged some time ago has now been deflagged due to inactivity. If you wish to run your bot again, feel free to return to the requests for bot approval page where you can reapply for your bot's task and flag. If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact a member of the BAG or myself. WjBscribe 01:45, 1 December 2007 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:09, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:33, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Curpsbot-unicodify


text:
Talk:François de Charette

Nobility
Snapdragonfly, can I enquire from where you have the information that Charette was not noble ? It seems very bizarr to me: he has a typical noble name, a typical noble work, and everywhere I look, it seems that he was from a noble family ( says that he was the descendant to the 13th generation of a knight made a noble by Duguesclin... that's be quite a nobility ! :p Rama 21:17, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

Suddenly I have doubt... Sorry, I'll revert; I was using my fuzzy memory and confused Charette with d'Elbée. Snapdragonfly

 * That's quite right, nice thing to have people intersted.
 * That said, d'Elbée was an army officer before the Vendean war, so the chances that he was a nobleman, especially with this name, are high; his family had been "un-noble" in the 17th century, but it seems that by the 18th, tey were noblemen. Aren't you thinking of Jacques Cathelineau ? (Note: is very useful.. :P )
 * Anyway, these nobility thingies are a real nightmare to sort out. It is a sport favoured amongst the nobility, and one of the good reasons to have a republic, if you ask me ! :D Rama 19:29, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I seem to recall that he was for some time an officer in the Empire because of the limitations on promotion to non-nobles. As for monarchy; at least they're honest about being an unequal society. ;p Snapdragonfly 19:44, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Sorry who was an officer of which Empire ? Rama 19:53, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

 * D'Elbée, in the HRE, sorry Snapdragonfly 19:59, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Oh yes ! Well, his father worked in Dresden for the king of Poland, so he quite naturally joined the army of Saxe; in fact he came back to France later, where indeed his career went so slow that he decided to resign (or so gvendee.free.fr says :p). Rama 20:44, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:François de Charette


text:
Antônio de Castro Mayer

Antônio de Castro Mayer (20 June 1904 – 25 April 1991) was a Brazilian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. A Traditionalist Catholic and ally of Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre, he was Bishop of Campos from 1949 until his resignation in 1981.

He is often described as incurring the automatic canonical penalty of excommunication for participating in the 1988 illicit consecration of four bishops of the Society of St. Pius X (SSPX), as did Lefebvre and the four bishops then ordained. He was mentioned in the letter from Cardinal Gantin on July 1 but not in the letter from Pope John Paul II on July 2.

Early life
Antônio de Castro Mayer was born in Campinas, São Paulo, to João Mayer, a Bavarian stonemason, and his wife, Francisca de Castro, a Brazilian peasant. One of twelve children, Antônio helped his mother support their family after João died in 1910. At age 12, he entered São Paulo's minor seminary, then run by the Premonstratensian Fathers. He entered the major seminary in 1922 and then studied at the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome, obtaining his doctorate in theology in 1928. He was ordained to the priesthood by Cardinal Basilio Pompili on 30 October 1927. He taught philosophy, history of philosophy, and dogmatic theology at the seminary in São Paulo for the next 13 years.

He became Assistant General of the São Paulo's Catholic Action in 1940 and a canon of the cathedral chapter with the title of First Treasurer in 1941. He became vicar general of the archdiocese in 1942. He was made a parish priest and the prefect of studies at the Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo in 1945, while retaining the chairs of Religion and Catholic Social Doctrine at the Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo.

Bishop
On 6 March 1948, de Castro was appointed Coadjutor Bishop of Campos and titular bishop of Priene by Pope Pius XII. He received his episcopal consecration on 23 May from Archbishop Carlo Chiarlo, Apostolic Nuncio to Brazil, with Bishop Ernesto de Paula and Archbishop Geraldo de Proença Sigaud, S.V.D., as co-consecrators. He became bishop of Campos upon the death of Bishop Octaviano de Albuquerque on 3 January 1949. He was very active in opposing liberation theology and communist infiltration of the Church and of his diocese.

In 1968, the Catholic conservative group Tradition, Family and Property organized a campaign to collect signatures denouncing what were perceived as leftists in the Church. De Castro Mayer lent encouragement to the campaign. The National Conference of Bishops of Brazil later declared that TFP was neither recognized by the hierarchy nor considered an official Catholic organization.

De Castro Mayer, a staunch traditionalist, refused to implement the liturgical reforms of the Second Vatican Council in his diocese. Until his resignation on 29 August 1981, the Tridentine Mass continued to be celebrated throughout the Campos diocese, along with all the other traditional Catholic practices and devotions in Latin.

Having submitted his resignation as required upon turning 75, he was replaced as bishop with the appointment of Carlos Alberto Etchandy Gimeno Navarro to succeed him on 29 August 1981. He continued his campaign against the Council's liturgical reforms in retirement and maintained a traditionalist "diocese" within the Campos diocese, with around 40,000 faithful, which he organized in parallel chapels. The total Catholic population of the diocese was 890,000.

On 30 June 1988, he attended the ceremony at which Archbishop Lefebvre consecrated four bishops without papal authorization despite warnings that these consecrations would result in the automatic excommunication of Lefebvre and the four. Communications from Pope John Paul II and curial officials, both before and after the ceremony, did not mention de Castro or note his role. Though often described as a "co-consecrator" of these bishops, the SSPX says he was "found at Archbishop Lefebvre's side" and refers to his "crucial presence", but does not describe him participating in the ceremony of consecration. One Vatican statement described him as a co-consecrator and excommunicated, but others, including Pope John Paul's letter on the consecrations omitted his name.

He died of respiratory failure in Campos on 25 April 1991.

title: Antônio de Castro Mayer


text:
Full-course dinner

A full-course dinner is a meal with multiple courses, almost invariably eaten in the evening or afternoon. Most Western-world multicourse meals follow a standard sequence, influenced by traditional French haute cuisine. It commonly begins with an appetizer, followed by the main course, the salad course, and eventually the dessert, but the exact sequence varies widely. Full-course dinners are generally very formal as well as very expensive, and can have as few as 3 or as many as 21 courses. Some major styles include service à la russe and service à la française.

The idea of traditional, ritualized multi-course meals dates back to at least Ancient Rome, where the meal began with the gustatio, a variety of herbs and hors d'oeuvres, then continued to three main courses, and finished with a dessert.

Basics
A multicourse meal or full-course dinner is a meal with multiple courses, almost invariably eaten in the evening or afternoon. Most Western-world multicourse meals follow a standard sequence, influenced by traditional French haute cuisine. Each course is supposed to be designed with a particular size and genre that befits its place in the sequence. There are variations depending on location and custom. Miss Manners gives the following sequence for a 14 course meal:

 * 1) Oysters or clams on the half shell. Fruit or caviar may be served instead.
 * 2) Soup, giving each guest a choice of clear or thick.
 * 3) Radishes, celery, olives, and salted almonds.
 * 4) Fish, served with fancifully shaped potatoes and cucumber with oil and vinegar.
 * 5) Sweetbreads or mushrooms.
 * 6) Artichokes, asparagus, or spinach in pastry.
 * 7) A roast or joint with a green vegetable.
 * 8) Frozen Roman punch
 * 9) Game, such as wild duck or small birds, served with salad.
 * 10) Heavy pudding or another creamed sweet.
 * 11) A frozen sweet, possibly with small crisp cakes.
 * 12) Cheeses, with biscuits and butter, or a hot savory of cheese.
 * 13) Fresh, crystallized, and stuffed dried fruits, served with bonbons.
 * 14) Coffee, liqueurs, and sparkling waters.

Meals like this are generally very formal as well as very expensive. In formal dining, a full-course dinner can consist of 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, or 16 courses, and, in its extreme form, has been known to have 21 courses. In these more formalized dining events, the courses are carefully planned to complement each other gastronomically. The courses are smaller and spread out over a long evening, up to three, four or five hours. They follow conventions of menu planning that have been established over many years. Most courses (excluding some light courses such as sorbets) in the most formal full-course dinners are usually paired with a different wine, beer, liqueur, or other spirit.

Service à la russe
In one modern version of service à la russe, courses are brought to the table in sequence. Only empty plates are set in front of each guest and guests individually fill their plates with selections from a variety of dishes. In another, common in restaurants, a filled plate is placed in front of a guest, pre-portioned away from the table. Often the meat is pre-portioned, but diners serve themselves with vegetables and side-dishes. In an American formal dining course, typically each course is served sequentially. Guests are served plates already filled with food in individual portions. Often, guests have an opportunity to choose between vegetarian or meat main course. There is no opportunity to request something different or to ask for more than a single serving.

Service à la française
In service à la française, food is served "family-style", with all courses on the table at the same time. Guests serve themselves so that all dishes are not served at their optimum temperatures. Alternatively, buffet style is a variation of the French service where all food is available at the correct temperature in a serving space other than the dining table. Guests go to the buffet to be served or sometimes serve themselves and then carry their plates back to the table.

Table setting

Table settings can be elaborate. More formal settings sometimes include all silverware and glassware that will be needed for the entire meal, and lay out the silverware so that the outermost tools are used for the dishes appearing earliest on the menu. In this scheme, when diners are served the first course, they can depend on finding the correct implement at the outermost edge of the arrangement.

A 13 course place setting includes multiple utensils, receptacles, and vessels. The plate is flanked by a caviar spoon, cocktail fork, escargot fork, bouillon spoon, fish fork and fish knife, lobster pick, and bone marrow spoon, as well as an entrée knife and fork, relevé knife and fork, and a saladé knife and fork. Above the place setting are laid a bread knife (on a knife rest), a plate with a personal butter dish, a fish bone dish, a sorbet spoon, a cheese knife, a nut pick, and also a dessert fork and dessert spoon. To the right of the plate a salt cellar and spoon with pepper is supplied. Glassware includes a water goblet, champagne flute, white wine, red wine, dessert/sherry, and port glasses.

An alternative scheme arranges the place setting so that only the implements needed for the first one or two courses appear in the table setting. As the dinner progresses and new courses arrive, used implements are removed with the dishes, and new silverware is placed next to the plates. This scheme is commonly used when dinners are offered à la carte, so that the most appropriate implement is selected for a given course. For example, some diners may order clear, thin soups and others may order thick, creamy soups. As each of these soups has its own unique spoon, it would be considered improper and impractical to lay out a spoon that may not be needed.

title: Full-course dinner


text:
Talk:Geneva, Indiana

Not even close
I'm looking at a map right now and Geneva Indiana is located just to the south east of Indianapolis. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 216.48.130.33 (talk) 13:03, 13 January 2009 (UTC)

That is NOT true. Geneva is north east of Indianapolis, as indicated. MikeyReidenbach524 (talk) 01:22, 28 December 2016 (UTC)

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Talk:Outline of education

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Ruolinlin.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 05:56, 17 January 2022 (UTC)
 * Considering this completed. Sda030 (talk) 18:41, 12 February 2022 (UTC) ✅

Untitled
This list is empty. There already exist a list of education topics. Delethe this page!!
 * No longer relevant as the list now refers to this outline. Sda030 (talk) 18:41, 12 February 2022 (UTC)

Major rename proposal of certain "lists" to "outlines"
See Village pump (proposals).

The Transhumanist 01:30, 12 June 2008 (UTC)
 * No longer relevant as the list now refers to this outline. Sda030 (talk) 18:41, 12 February 2022 (UTC)

Rename proposal for this page and all the pages of the set this page belongs to
See the proposal at the Village pump The Transhumanist 09:14, 4 July 2008 (UTC)
 * No longer relevant as the list now refers to this outline. Sda030 (talk) 18:41, 12 February 2022 (UTC)

Guidelines for outlines
Guidelines for the development of outlines are being drafted at Outlines.

Your input and feedback is welcomed and encouraged.

The Transhumanist 00:31, 24 May 2009 (UTC)

The "History of" section needs links!
Please add some relevant links to the history section.

Links can be found in the "History of" article for this subject, in the "History of" category for this subject, or in the corresponding navigation templates. Or you could search for topics on Google - most topics turn blue when added to Wikipedia as internal links.

The Transhumanist 00:31, 24 May 2009 (UTC)

Quick explanation of Wikipedia outlines
"Outline" is short for "hierarchical outline". There are two types of outlines: sentence outlines (like those you made in school to plan a paper), and topic outlines (like the topical synopses that professors hand out at the beginning of a college course). Outlines on Wikipedia are primarily topic outlines that serve 2 main purposes: they provide taxonomical classification of subjects showing what topics belong to a subject and how they are related to each other (via their placement in the tree structure), and as subject-based tables of contents linked to topics in the encyclopedia. The hierarchy is maintained through the use of heading levels and indented bullets. See Outlines for a more in-depth explanation. The Transhumanist 00:05, 9 August 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Outline of education


text: Talk:Monroe, Adams County, Indiana

title: Talk:Monroe, Adams County, Indiana


text:
Reisbach (Vils)

Reisbach is a market town in Bavaria. It lies on the Vils River, and belongs to the administrative region of Niederbayern.

Neighbouring communities
The neighbouring communities, listed clockwise, are Mamming, Landau an der Isar, Simbach (bei Landau), Falkenberg (Niederbayern), Rimbach (Niederbayern), Gangkofen, Marklkofen and Gottfrieding.

Populated places

 * Englmannsberg
 * Griesbach
 * Niederhausen
 * Oberhausen
 * Obermünchsdorf
 * Reith
 * Thannenmais

title: Reisbach (Vils)


text:
Talk:Cedar Creek (Indiana)

Untitled
Nice pics.--Bedford 03:49, 6 September 2006 (UTC)

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Cabo Rojo (Mexico)

Cabo Rojo (Spanish for "Red Cape") (21°47'N 97°35'W) is a barrier of quartzite sand deposited adjacent to the coast of the Mexican state of Veracruz, about 55 km south of the city of Tampico, Tamaulipas. It encloses the brackish lagoon called Laguna de Tamiahua. It is located in the municipalities of Ozuluama de Mascareñas and Tamiahua.

As one of the few protruding features on this part of the coast, it may be regarded as the boundary between the western coasts of the Bay of Campeche and the Gulf of Mexico proper, and is frequently used by the authorities as a breakpoint for tropical cyclone warnings and watches.

title: Cabo Rojo (Mexico)


text:
Volvox Turbo

Volvox Turbo is the debut album from Manorexia. It was released in 2001 by Ectopic Ents, and is catalog #ECT ENTS 021.

Volvox Turbo was a limited edition album self-distributed by J. G. Thirlwell. It was sold exclusively at the Official Foetus Website and at Foetus shows during the tour for Flow.

Personnel

 * Drew Anderson – mastering
 * Steve Schwartz – art direction
 * J. G. Thirlwell – instruments, arrangements, production

title: Volvox Turbo


text:
Tony Hibbert

Anthony James Hibbert (born 20 February 1981) is an English former professional footballer.

Originally a midfielder, Hibbert converted to play at right-back. He spent his entire professional career with Everton, having joined the club in 1991. He made his senior debut for Everton in 2001, and went on to make 328 appearances for the club in all competitions. With Hibbert being a one-club man for his entire career, coupled with his down-to-earth demeanour, he earned a cult hero status among Everton fans. He retired from playing in 2016 but returned to football in 2021 to play for amateur club ES Louzy in France.

Club career
Hibbert was born in Liverpool and brought up in Huyton. Growing up as an Everton supporter, Hibbert joined the club as a boy. He was a member of the Everton youth team that won the FA Youth Cup in 1998 beating Blackburn Rovers 5–3 on aggregate. Three years later, he made his first-team debut for the club in a Premier League match against West Ham United on 31 March 2001, in which a high challenge from Stuart Pearce into Hibbert's chest saw Everton earn a penalty.

In the 2002–03 season, in the wake of an injury to fellow right-back Steve Watson, Hibbert became a regular member of the Everton first team. The Actim Index rated him the best English right-back in the 2004–05 season.

He missed the end of the 2005–06 season with a hernia problem and his preparations for the 2006–07 season were hampered after he was infected by cryptosporidium parasite. Hibbert's 2006–07 season was seriously disrupted by injury. He again played regularly in the 2007–08 and the 2008–09 seasons.

At the start of the 2010–11 season, Hibbert was Everton's longest-serving player, the only player who had been at the club throughout the entire reign of former manager David Moyes, and had appeared in more competitive European games than any other Everton player. In addition, he had not scored in a competitive game during his professional career. Alongside his commitment to the club, the goal drought contributed to his cult hero status among Everton fans, to the extent that a banner reading "If Hibbert Scores, We Riot" was displayed at the 2009 FA Cup semi-final.

Hibbert was awarded a testimonial match for Everton following 10 years of service. The match was played on 8 August 2012 against Greek side AEK Athens, the team against whom Hibbert made his eighteenth appearance in all European competitions for Everton, equalling a club record. Hibbert scored Everton's fourth goal, a free kick, in a 4–1 win prompting a pitch invasion.

Hibbert's 2012–13 season was littered with injuries. In the early part of the season he suffered neck and calf injuries which kept him out of action until November. He only returned for a few games before a recurrence of the calf injury forced him to have surgery which meant he did not play again until he came on as a substitute in Everton's final home game of the season. The match was manager David Moyes' last home game in charge of the side following his decision to end his 11-year reign to join Manchester United. Hibbert's appearance meant that he was the only remaining player at the club who had featured in Moyes' first squad.

The form of Séamus Coleman who was later named the club's 2013–14 Player of the Season kept Hibbert out of the first team to such an extent that he only made one league appearance during the campaign. Despite his limited first-team opportunities, manager Roberto Martínez said he was ready to offer a new deal to Hibbert. In July 2014, he signed a two-year contract with the club.

Hibbert saw very little gametime come his way over the following two seasons. At the end of the 2015–16 season he was released by the club after 25 years, of which 18 were as a professional Everton player. He announced his retirement shortly afterwards.

In April 2017 he joined amateur side Hares FC in the Skelmersdale Sunday league and continued the next season. After moving to France following the end of his professional playing career, Hibbert registered as a veteran player with amateur club ES Louzy in November 2021.

International career
Hibbert was called up to the England under-21 team in October 2002 for games against Slovakia and Macedonia but he did not play in either game due to a hamstring injury.

Personal life
Hibbert was the victim of a high-profile burglary in 2006. In 2013, he purchased a 33-acre French carp fishery on the outskirts of Reims called Lac de Premiere.

Honours
Everton Youth
 * FA Youth Cup: 1997–98

Everton
 * FA Cup runner-up: 2008–09

title: Tony Hibbert


text:
Talk:Huntertown, Indiana

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Talk:Leo-Cedarville, Indiana

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Talk:Monroeville, Indiana

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User:Nosaj56

this is a page where i could put some stuff about myself possibly

title: User:Nosaj56


text:
User talk:Ioper

I saw that you uploaded the picture Image:Ustu.gif under the Free use (CopyrightedFreeUse) license. Is it also used for Russia? As in the templatetalk of Free Use I read that it is only used for the USA.--83.118.13.129 21:22, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:PierceSmith.gif
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Please signify the copyright information on any other images you have uploaded or will upload. Remember that images without this important information can be deleted by an administrator. If you have any questions, feel free to contact me, or ask them at the Image legality questions page. Thank you. Stan 13:43, 28 March 2006 (UTC)

Hi Ilya!

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title: User talk:Ioper


text:
Conrad I, Count of Württemberg

Conrad I of Württemberg ("Konrad von Wirtinisberc, C(u) onradus de Wirdeberch") was the first ruler of  the castle of Wirtemberg from 1083 to 1110, and is first mentioned in 1081. He is considered to be the founder of the Württemberg dynasty.

Conrad was the son of a nobleman, von Beutelsbach, and possibly a descendant of the Salic duke Conrad of Carinthia. His brother was Bruno von Beutelsbach (1105–1120), prior of the Abbey of Hirsau. His wife's name was Werntrud.

About 1083 Conrad built a castle on the Wirtemberg close to today's Stuttgart. He made this place his domicile and named himself after it. Under his new name Conrad was a witness some time between 1089 and 1092 to the so-called Bempflinger Vertrag (treaty) of the counts Kuno and Liutold von Achalm with their nephew, count Wernher von Grüningen. On May 5, 1092 in Ulm he witnessed the transfer of property to the Abbey of Allerheiligen near Schaffhausen. This is the first time that his name is mentioned in a complete document, however this document is not an original. In both situations Conrad I appears closely connected to people who are opponents to Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor. This political stance is in agreement with the fact that he asked the Bishop of Worms, an opponent of the Emperor, to consecrate his chapel of the castle, in preference to the Bishop of Constance in whose territory the castle actually was situated.

Already earlier, perhaps between 1080 and 1087, Conrad had helped the Abbey of Hirsau with donations as documented in the Hirsauer Schenkungsbuch ("Hirsau Abbey Gift Register"). In this document he is characterized as a "mighty man among the Swabians".

title: Conrad I, Count of Württemberg


text:
Talk:Zanesville, Indiana

Untitled
Why does one paragraph say the town is unincorporated and the next say it's incorporated? -Branddobbe 05:18, 4 February 2007 (UTC)

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Baldassarre Lanci

Baldassarre Lanci (1510–1571) was an Italian architect, inventor, theatrical set designer, and master of perspective of the Renaissance period. Born in Urbino, he spent most of his working life in Tuscany.

Early career
He began his career as military engineer, for ten years following 1547 he was in the continual employment of the Republic of Lucca. His notability as a construction engineer earned him the commission to carry out a detailed survey of Rome's city walls and those of the bastions at Ancona, Civitavecchia and Ostia, and for Pope Pius IV

Medici architect
From 1557 he worked almost exclusively for Cosimo I de' Medici, Lanci's chief employer and patron for whom he supervised such projects as the fortification of Siena and many other Tuscan towns. His urban works included the design of Terra del Sole a fortified new city for Cosimo I de' Medici, in what is now the Province of Forlì-Cesena. Lanci also designed the church of Santa Maria della Rosa in the spa town of Chianciano Terme, in today's Province of Siena; Santa Maria della Rosa was built on a central plan; even though it was not finished, the church is notable for the sobriety, and clean lines of its design which culminates in an elegant dome. The church, however, was never fully completed. In 1585 building work stopped, fourteen years after Lanci's death. He also designed the walls of Grosseto in 1564, directing the construction site until his death in 1571, when he was succeeded by his son Marino.

Lanci's most notable achievement was his invention in 1567 of a piece of surveying equipment to obtain perspectives with a visual field of 180°. The instrument, which he named distanziometro ("distance meter"), was made of a circular bronze plate placed upon a horizontal tripod the height of which could be adjusted. Semi-cylindrical paper was wound around its edge. A cylindrical eyepiece was placed in the centre with a retracting metal needle or pen underneath. The eyepiece was high enough to overlook the semicircle of paper and sight points of interest while the retracting needle scored on the paper to accurately plot the subject. It could also be used as a quadrant for measuring height in much the same way as the orizzonte designed by Leon Battista Alberti.

His diverse works also included many aquatic projects such as the improvement of Livorno harbour (1566-1567), and the Sovana aqueduct, earning him fame as an early hydraulic engineer.

Engineer
As an architect his engineering skills were firmly to the forefront, rather than an interpretation on the finer and more sophisticated points of rinascimento architecture. Impregnable fortresses such as the Fortezza Medicea at Siena, and bastide towns, and bridges are his trade mark rather than elegant palazzi. This is not to say Lanci was a man lacking in sophistication, one of his more surprising talents was designing some of the sets for the lavish theatrical and dramatical performances for which the Medici court was famed. As with his architecture, though, it was his engineering skills even here which dominated.

Long before the Restoration spectaculars of the 17th century Lanci was designing elaborate and complicated theatre sets, using pivoted scenery, with up to three different scenes painted on boards, thus allowing the mood of the production to be altered in an instant. One of the earliest examples of this form of scenic change was recorded in 1568 for a performance of the Fabii  produced to celebrate the baptism of a daughter of Francesco de' Medici. One of Lanci's most extravagant productions was for a performance of Giovan Battista Cini's La Vedova (The Widow), staged in Florence in  1569, with amazingly extravagant costumes by Bernardo Buontalenti, the event was recorded by the mathematician Ignazio Danti who was so impressed by Lanci's theatrical engineering he included a drawing of his periaktoi stage. The periaktoi stage setting was basically a series of three sided revolving triangular boards each side with a different scene. Each triangular board was connected, hence there would be one or two flanking the stage, in the wings, and a further section suspended between them on which would be painted skies, cloudy, sunny, dawn or dusk. The entire series of revolving boards were linked to each other by a series of pulleys and machinery, thus allowing scene changes to be almost instantaneous. While Lanci did not invent this mechanism himself (indeed Vitruvius had described these three-sided units revolving in the Roman era) he was instrumental in its further development. Often producing and relocating the settings of the plays, himself, in order that a greater variety of scenery could be included. What in fact Lanci realised and promoted was that a false perspective coupled with a deliberately created illusionary architectural area, was the perfect dramatical setting.

title: Baldassarre Lanci


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Talk:Clifford, Indiana

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title: Talk:Clifford, Indiana