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User talk:Scotstvo

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! ...This may be a little late :) Lectonar Talk to me
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Translation assistance
I hope that you can help me. On this page is a section of text in Euskara (Basque) that reads: Artzai Txikiyak eman biaizkit lau bat arrazoi fuertiak: ire ardiyak nere soruan eiten dituzten kaltiak, iru lau aldiz eman zizkatek punta berriyai kortiak... itxiko dizkat zelaiko langak eta zelaiko atiak! I was wondering if you could translate this to English (or Portuguese or Ukrainian) for me. I am specifically interested in the word "kortiak" at the end of the sixth line. Any help greatly appreciated. Vivafelis 20:29, 9 September 2005 (UTC)

Thanks for the information you provided, I'll see if I can figure out the root word. Finding native speakers of Euskara with another language that overlaps with my languages has proven difficult, but I've asked all that I could find. Vivafelis talk 12:39:24, 2005-09-10 (UTC)

Our forum
Welcome to the Romanian Wikipedia notice board! This page is a portal for all Romanian-related topics and a place for Romanian editors to gather and socialize and debate. Discussions are encouraged, in both English and Romanian. Post any inquiry under their relevant cathegory.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Romanian_Wikipedian%27s_notice_board

--Anittas 19:53, 4 December 2005 (UTC)

Galicia
Recently WikiProject Galicia has been created. Perhaps you are interested in joining us to help improving Galicia articles in English Wikipedia. --Stoni(talk) 14:18, 18 December 2005 (UTC)

Basque Portal?
Kaixo, I'm contacting you because you figure in Category:User eu, meaning that you speak some Basque. You must therefore be Basque yourself or have an intense connection with the Basque Country.

I am thinking that maybe was a good idea to create a Portal (or maybe a Wikiproject? or both?) on the Basque theme but I feel such kind of project requires more than just one person.

If you are interested, please comment in my talk page.

Enjoy, --Sugaar 10:37, 4 November 2006 (UTC)

AfD nomination of Dead City Radio
An editor has nominated Dead City Radio, an article on which you have worked or that you created, for deletion. We appreciate your contributions, but the nominator doesn't believe that the article satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in his/her nomination (see also "What Wikipedia is not").

Your opinions on whether the article meets inclusion criteria and what should be done with the article are welcome; please participate in the discussion by adding your comments at and please be sure to sign your comments with four tildes ( ~ ).

You may also edit the article during the discussion to improve it but should not remove the articles for deletion template from the top of the article; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you. BJBot (talk) 17:14, 12 January 2008 (UTC)

WikiProject Romania
--Codrin.B (talk) 06:14, 21 January 2012 (UTC)

Your submission at Articles for creation
 Joanna Stingray, which you submitted to Articles for creation, has been created. The article has been assessed as Start-Class, which is recorded on the article's talk page. You may like to take a look at the grading scheme to see how you can improve the article. You are more than welcome to continue making quality contributions to Wikipedia. Note that because you are a logged-in user, you can create articles yourself, and don't have to post a request. However, you are more than welcome to continue submitting work to Articles for Creation. Thank you for helping improve Wikipedia! Sionk (talk) 23:40, 3 December 2012 (UTC)
 * If you have any questions, you are welcome to ask at the help desk.
 * If you would like to help us improve this process, please consider.

A page you started has been reviewed!
Thanks for creating Joanna Stingray, Scotstvo!

Wikipedia editor Andrewman327 just reviewed your page, and wrote this note for you:

"Joanna Singray requires more inline citations to explain the source of every non-obvious fact."

To reply, leave a comment on Andrewman327's talk page.

Learn more about page curation.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Scotstvo


text: User talk:64.7.134.90

title: User talk:64.7.134.90


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Osmunda regalis

Osmunda regalis, or royal fern, is a species of deciduous fern, native to Europe, Africa and Asia, growing in woodland bogs and on the banks of streams. The species is sometimes known as flowering fern due to the appearance of its fertile fronds.

Description
Royal fern is a large perennial herb with stout ascending rhizomes that over many years build up a woody, trunk-like base covered by interwoven roots, 1 m or more high. The fronds, or leaves, arise directly from this rhizome and are very large, typically up to 120 cm but exceptionally as much as 400 cm long and 30-40 cm broad. Each frond is bipinnate, with 5–9 pairs of pinnae up to 30 cm long, each pinna with 7–13 pairs of pinnules 2.5 - 6.5 cm long and 1 – broad. Many of the fronds have a terminal fertile portion, where the blade is reduced almost to the midrib and densely covered with brown sporangia.

The fronds are at first covered with golden-brown hairs which quickly disappear, leaving a smooth, pale green surface to the leaves. Veins are prominent on both surfaces.

In the gametophyte stage, the prothallus is a small, green, fleshy plant just a few millimetres in size.

Distribution and status
The native range of royal fern is throughout Europe, North Africa and the Middle East as far as Iran, from Norway south to Algeria. It is listed as introduced in New Zealand, but its presence throughout North America is based on the taxonomic uncertainty about whether Osmunda spectabilis should be considered a separate species or not.

In many areas, O. regalis has become rare as a result of wetland drainage for agriculture.

Taxonomy
The name Osmunda possibly derives from Osmunder, a Saxon name for the god Thor. The name "royal fern" derives from its being one of the largest and most imposing European ferns. The name has been qualified as "old world royal fern" in some American literature to distinguish it from the closely related American royal fern, O. spectabilis. However this terminology is not found in British literature.

Evolution
The oldest known fossils of Osmunda date to the Paleocene, Osmunda likely derives from fossil species currently assigned to Claytosmunda.

Varieties
There are three to four varieties as traditionally construed:
 * Osmunda regalis var. regalis. Europe, Africa, southwest Asia. Sterile fronds to 160 cm tall.
 * Osmunda regalis var. panigrahiana R.D.Dixit. Southern Asia (India).
 * Osmunda regalis var. brasiliensis (Hook. & Grev.) Pic. Serm. Tropical regions of Central and South America; treated as a synonym of var. spectabilis by some authors.
 * Osmunda regalis var. spectabilis (Willdenow) A.Gray. Eastern North America. Sterile fronds to 100 cm tall. Now accepted as a separate species, Osmunda spectabilis.

Similar species
There are three very similar species, Osmunda spectabilis, Osmunda lancea and Osmunda japonica. Recent genetic analysis (Metzgar et al., 2008) has shown that the New World varieties are in a clade that is sister to the Old World varieties of Osmunda regalis. If this is true, then O. lancea and O. japonica should either be regarded as varieties of O. regalis, or, conversely, ''O. regalis var. spectabilis should be regarded as a separate species, Osmunda spectabilis'' Willdenow. The var. brasiliensis would then be Osmunda spectabilis Willdenow var. brasiliensis Hooker & Greville.

Cultivation
Osmunda regalis is widely cultivated in temperate regions. The species and the cultivar 'Cristata' have both gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. Osmunda plants should be planted in preferably acidic, moist soil, associating well with other large moisture-loving plants such as Rodgersia and Gunnera. However, it tolerates a range of soil and climatic conditions.

Other uses
The roots, along with those of other species of Osmunda, are used for the production of osmunda fibre, used as a growing medium for cultivated orchids and other epiphytic plants.

According to Slavic mythology, the sporangia, called "Perun's flowers", have assorted magical powers, such as giving their holders the ability to defeat demons, fulfill wishes, unlock secrets, and understand the language of trees. However, collecting the sporangia is a difficult and frightening process. In earlier traditions, they must be collected on Kupala Night; later, after the arrival of Christianity, the date is changed to Easter eve. Either way, the person wanting to collect Perun's flowers must stand within a circle drawn around the plant and withstand the taunting or threats of demons.

The young shoots of the fern are, along with the similar shoots of many other fern species, known in some places as fiddleheads, and eaten as food, thought to have an asparagus-like taste.

title: Osmunda regalis


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User:Floydoid

I have been a Pink Floyd fan since 1972. I love their music, and have a deep knowledge of their history as well as being an expert cataloguer of their works, and will answer any queries on such matters.

title: User:Floydoid


text:
Bassus

Bassus is a Latin adjective meaning "thick, fat, stumpy, short" and may refer to:

 * Bassus (wasp), a genus of braconid wasps

It was also the name of:

Government and military

 * Anicius Auchenius Bassus (c.  325 – after 385), Prefect of Rome
 * Anicius Auchenius Bassus (consul 408), Roman consul
 * Anicius Auchenius Bassus (consul 431), Roman consul
 * Gaius Julius Quadratus Bassus (70–117), Roman senator and general
 * Gaius Julius Bassus (c. 45 – aft. 101), Roman senator
 * Titus Pomponius Bassus, Roman senator
 * Gaius Pomponius Bassus Terentianus (fl. 2nd century), Roman military officer and senator
 * Pomponius Bassus (consul 211) (175–221), Roman senator and consul
 * Pomponius Bassus (consul 259) (220 – after 271), Roman senator and consul
 * Junius Bassus ( 318–331), Roman praetorian prefect and consul in 331
 * Junius Bassus Theotecnius (317–359), Roman politician
 * Lucilius Bassus, Roman legatus appointed by Emperor Vespasian
 * Lucius Caesonius Ovinius Rufinus Manilius Bassus (or Rufinius) (c. 227 – c. 300), Roman consul in 260 and 284
 * Caesonius Bassus, Roman consul in 317
 * Lucius Valerius Septimius Bassus (c. 328 – after 379), Praefectus Urbi Romae
 * Publius Ventidius Bassus, Roman general
 * Septimius Bassus (c. 270 – aft. 319), Roman politician

Others

 * Aufidius Bassus, Roman historian
 * Caesius Bassus (died 79), Roman lyric poet
 * Cassianus Bassus ( late 6th/early 7th century), called Scholasticus, one of the geoponici
 * Saleius Bassus, Roman epic poet
 * Saint Bassus of Nice (died c. 248–251), bishop of Nice, martyred under Decius

title: Bassus


text:
Discount Drug Mart

Discount Drug Mart, Inc., is a northeast Ohio based drug store chain. Its first store opened in Elyria, Ohio in 1969 by Parviz Boodjeh, RPh.

History
In 1969, Parviz Boodjeh established the first Discount Drug Mart in Elyria, Ohio. The store originally filled prescriptions, and sold toiletries, grocery, and gift items.

In the early 1980s, Boodjeh began standardizing the merchandise offerings and commissioned an architect to develop a store design on which all Discount Drug stores would be based. A 22000 sqft model was produced and adopted, and this design was later modified and enlarged to 24000 sqft.

Discount Drug Mart expanded across Ohio through the 1990s.

In August 2015, MetroHealth partnered with Discount Drug Mart and opened its first primary care clinic in a Discount Drug Mart location.

In January 2020, the company announced the expansion of its partnership with the MetroHealth System, adding more clinics to its stores across Ohio.

title: Discount Drug Mart


text:
User talk:Hariprasath

Bindhu
Please don't create articles which have no content. They will be speedily deleted. If you want to write something in this article, please do so. Zoe 08:06, September 1, 2005 (UTC)

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. Lectonar 11:04, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Hariprasath


text:
Talk:Proscuitto

I guess "Proscuitto" is Prosciutto that's been cooked. Or is that Proscotto...

title: Talk:Proscuitto


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Speed the Memorial Best 1335days Dear Friends 1

Speed the Memorial Best 1335days Dear Friends 1 was Japanese J-pop girlband, Speed's last best album (Part 1) before their official breakup in March 2000. This album was released on March 29, 2000.

Track listing

 * 1) "Body & Soul"
 * 2) "Steady" (Atlanta Mix)
 * 3) "Happy Together"
 * 4) "I Remember"
 * 5) "Go! Go! Heaven"
 * 6) "Kiwi Love" (Dear Friends' House Remix)
 * 7) "Coquettish (コケティッシュ)" Dreamin'
 * 8) "Wake Me Up !" (Rise Mix)
 * 9) "White Love"
 * 10) "My Lonely Habit"
 * 11) "Lovely Friendship (ラブリー フレンドシップ)"
 * 12) "My Graduation" (Album Version)
 * 13) "Oyasumi... (「おやすみ・・・・・」)" (Good Night Kiss Version)


text:
Talk:The Lost Honour of Katharina Blum

Translation
Someone Please make use of the English translation to fill in the gaps of the synopsis!!
 * I've overhauled the entry with information from the German article, and filled in other parts with my memory of the story and, failing that, my copy of the book. I wasn't too sure of the translation that was up here before, if it was a machine translation or what, and it didn't really seem to correspond with the German article, so I wrote my own translation from my copy of the book. I hope this is an acceptable quality for the article, and have removed the 'tidy up' tag that was in the article.  If it still isn't the acceptable quality for Wikipedia, feel free to add it again.  (Maaya 00:34, 19 September 2005 (UTC))
 * Its alot better however, this is based on the German copy of the book. Should english wikipedia entries be based on the english translations of the books or the original copies? (Pichu1988)
 * I only have the German book. :(  If you happen to have the English translation, or if anyone else does, I think they could fix things.  But, unless I translated something very wrong, the meaning should be the same. (Maaya 17:50, 24 September 2005 (UTC))

About Ludwig...
I could be wrong, but I recently saw this film and glanced over the book, and if I recall correctly, Ludwig is actually not a bank robber (though he's suspected/accused of such). He's a deserter who stole some money from the army, but he didn't rob any banks, and he isn't a terrorist.

Also - the intro to this article says that Die Zeitung is modeled after the Bild-Zeitung in Germany. It may be semantics... yet at the end of the film there is a disclaimer which says something along the lines of, "If the fictional Die Zeitung bears some resemblance to the methods of the Bild-Zeitung, this is neither intentional nor accidental, but rather, unavoidable."

Ergo it's not a model, exactly.

That's fairly minor, though... mainly just wanted to raise the question about Ludwig. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 63.252.67.146 (talk) 04:39, 5 December 2006 (UTC).

It's both true and important that he isn't a bankrobber. There are other errors in the plot summary, too. It might be better to make it less detailed than to have incorrect details. As I understood the novel (not a translation), for example, Toetges arrives at Katharina's home by appointment for the interview, not after having already interviewed her. The description of her as cold and calculating is a twisting of Dr Blorna's remarks to the effect that she is sensible and clever. My German is not perfect, so I am reluctant to assume authority and edit the article myself. Of course it should be based on the novel and not on a translation. 18:51, 2 June 2007 (UTC)

 * As for the disclaimer, I think it served 3 purposes: a.) To make clear what Böll was referring to, b.) to safeguard himself against a smear campaign from BILD ("neither intentional"), and c.) I interpret the "unavoidable" bit as that Böll was trying to make people aware of the overall structures, or structural bias, of a society that facilitates the existence of tabloids such as BILD. --79.193.41.248 (talk) 19:32, 19 August 2011 (UTC)

About splitting into separate articles for book and film
Please split. Imho, it's no good having the same article for film and for a book. The film is notable, as also it's directors (Volker Schlöndorff is Oscar and Palme D'Or winner). And a film article does need an infobox. Alex ex 18:55, 29 January 2007 (UTC)

Plot again
As people have already noticed, the previous plot summary was not in fact a summary of the book (presumably it referred to the film, though I haven't seen that). I've replaced it with a brief, but at least accurate, summary of the book. There are some things which could still be added, though we don't want to make it too long. HenryFlower 16:39, 23 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Just saw a screening of the film with several friends at Stanford an hour ago. (Boy was that emotionally draining.)  None of us remember any mention of a bank robbery, just that he was a deserter who'd stolen some money.  Anyone have any evidence to support Wikipedia's statement about robbing a bank?  Vaughan Pratt (talk) 05:00, 31 July 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Lost Honour of Katharina Blum


text:
File:DF1.jpg

Fair use in Speed The Memorial Best 1335days Dear Friends 1
Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because:
 * 1) It's a low resolution copy of a CD/album cover.
 * 2) It doesn't limit the copyright owner's rights to sell the CD/album in any way, in fact, it may encourage sales.
 * 3) Because of the low resolution, copies could not be used to make illegal copies of the album artwork on another CD.
 * 4) The image is itself a subject of discussion in the article or used in the infobox thereof.
 * 5) The image on the cover is significant because it was made by a famous artist.

Source

 * 1) Derived from a digital capture (scan/photo) of the album/CD cover (creator of this digital version is irrelevant as the copyright in all equivalent images is still held by the same party). Copyright held by the record company or the artist. Claimed as fair use regardless.

title: File:DF1.jpg


text:
Talk:Esquilax

Accuracy question
I found a notice that this article was on VFD, but don't see any evidence that it's ever been put there. The whole thing sounds pretty ridiculous to me...an article about an obscure company logo supposedly based on an obscure reference in a Simpson's episode. What does it mean, exactly, that it's a horse whose head and body (what's left???) are those of a rabbit? WHAT PART, EXACTLY, IS THE "HORSE"???? I'd send it to BJAODN and speedy it, but I'll let someone else do that. Tomer TALK 08:12, September 1, 2005 (UTC)

 * That's the joke, of course. Morwen - Talk 08:19, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Perhaps it's genetically a horse... anyway I've rewritten the article to report how it's described, not what it is. Kappa 08:21, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * You need more of the context, to understand the joke. The scene was a renaissance fair, and Chief Wiggum ran a medieval bestiary, supposedly displaying animals that people in the Middle Ages believed to exist.  The esquilax is fictional, and the joke is that Wiggum displays a rabbit, but it's an esquilax, a horse with the head of a rabbit, and the body of a rabbit.  Hope that helps understand the reference better. TheBaron0530 (talk) 16:22, 16 March 2012 (UTC)theBaron0530

Article
I think that the Esquilax should have its own article. I expanded it. Anonymous _anonymous           Have a Nice Day 21:41, 28 April 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Esquilax


text:
Talk:Battle of Mokra

Old stuff (section title added 1/9/2012)
Idiotic phrases as "armoured detachment" and "mounted artillery detachment" have been changed to "armoured battalion" and "mounted artillery battalion", respectively. The Polish word "dywizjon" should be translated as "battalion", not "detachment". Look guys, it's 1/4-1/3 of artillery/armoured regiment, while detachment is simply "oddział"

Musashi.

 * Look whom we have here! Thanks for the feedback, Musashi, I really appreciate your comments. As to specific issues you raised - there is a serious problem in translating the Polish military terms to English. The very word dywizjon is really problematic, as it might mean basically anything, from unit, through detachment, command, air wing, detached group, flotilla, battalion, half of battalion or any other small unit. It all depends on the context. So, in other words, an artillery dywizjon might indeed be artillery battalion, while an armoured dywizjon might be much, much smaller than actual armoured battalion. Hence my translation. Halibutt 11:24, 27 October 2005 (UTC)

supposed war crimes
I would like someone to find a source for the following that I edited out of the page:

"...Polish positions in order to disrupt the Polish defence and use the civilians as human shields for the advancing towns. However, lack of coordination between advancing German forces allowed for the Polish reconnaissance squadrons to direct the fleeing civilians further southwards, towards the town of Kłobuck."

now, can anyone prove that indeed the Germans planned to use the civilians as human shields? is there a combat report that has an outline of the German Commander's combat briefing for the morning, wherein he orders for the units to advance close behind the refugees.

The problem I see with this is that it claims the Germans were evil devils. It also assumes that the Germans failed to coordinate, instead of the fact that maybe they waited until the civilians were clear of the combat area before attacking. It was common practise to remove the civilians from a combat area in order to ensure their safety. Now, why would these Polish refugees go into Germany? this is the first day of the attack, and there is no polish land behind them to seek refuge in, they can only go in one direction, which is in the direction of Polish forces.

--Jadger 22:28, 8 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Certainly a source for such controversial information must be provided. I looked briefly on Google and Google Print, but could find no sources about use of human shields in this battle (although it's possible it may be in sources not online/Polish - not covered by Google Print yet). On a related note, I found a reference for use of human shields by German troops during the Warsaw Uprising: . --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 05:18, 19 March 2006 (UTC)

If no sources can be given to unequivocally say that the Germans used them as human sheilds, the book Panzer Commander: the memoirs of Colonel Hans von Luck is very useful in that he describes what I believe is the same action (although he doesn't state the location I think) but the description of the location is almost identical, and can be used to discount this slanderous accusation against the German forces.

--Jadger 05:23, 19 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Hmmm... And did you read any German WWII memoirs whose authors would admit to commit war crimes?  // Halibutt 08:17, 25 July 2006 (UTC)

actually yes, Rudolf Höß, the commandant of Auschwitz wrote an autobiography in which he details atrocities he partook in. see the article about him for a quote from the book.

--Jadger 17:00, 25 July 2006 (UTC)

not to mention that you are assuming guilt by association. I don't know about in Poland Halibutt, but in the Western World the law says a person is innocent before proven guilty of a crime. --Jadger 18:46, 25 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Sure. Hitler was innocent and was never tried. Same for von dem Bach, and many others. Eichmann's trial was not free either, so he was innocent as well. Long live the application of modern law standards to historical war crimes. Nobody ever tried anyone for Nemmersdorf, so it did not happen. Oh, and let's not forget about Katyn: it never happened since noone was ever tried.  // Halibutt 09:23, 27 July 2006 (UTC)

do you actually think before you type? I never once claimed that Hitler was innocent, or that because Eichmann's trial was not free or fair that he was innocent, I just keep an open mind. and I never claimed that because no one has been tried for an atrocity, the atrocity never occurred, there is such a thing as unsolved crimes.

--Jadger 01:59, 28 July 2006 (UTC)

 * You explicitly said above that the reason why the German WWII crimes should not be mentioned in this article is that no person has been proven guilty of a crime. If I misunderstood your guilt by association comment, then please inform me on how should I read it.  // Halibutt 07:08, 28 July 2006 (UTC)

You assumed that simply because Hans von Luck was German he committed war crimes, and covered them up in his war memoirs. It isnt even clear in this case if a crime was even committed. how can you charge someone with a crime that you cannot clearly varify has happened? --Jadger 14:56, 28 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Either you got my comment wrong, or I did get yours wrong, or both. You stated that the crime did not happen because it is not mentioned in von Luck's memoirs. I stated that it's not yet a proof as the Bible does not mention the crime either, yet it does not mean it did not happen. Then we went into the innocent until proven thing. Besides, I do not charge anyone, nor did I refer to von Luck personally, I don't believe I ever even heard of him. Which does not change a single thing here. There is a source to say the Germans used living shields and there are no sources so far disputing that. Full stop.  // Halibutt 01:23, 31 July 2006 (UTC)

well, my point was that since it was an unreferenced and controversial point in the article, it should not be used. especially when a man fighting in the action describes the attack and never mentions something as major as forcing Polish civilians to run in front of tanks. Now where is this source you claim proves that human shields were used, this has been removed from numerous articles claiming the same thing, and it has not been reverted yet (it has been many months since I removed it), no one has ever had something to say about it, except of course Molobo, or as he is more commonly known, Trollobo. --Jadger 03:03, 31 July 2006 (UTC)

 * First of all, offending a guy who cannot defend his good name is not what I'd call an example of civility and culture.
 * As to the sources, it's fairly easy to find, as it's already cited in the article. But you could find it on-line as wel, for instance here: here (Niemcy pędzili przed czołgami ludność cywilną, w tym kobiety i dzieci. W pewnym momencie zawahali się i w tym czasie ludność przeszła przez polskie pozycje. - The Germans forced Polish civilians, including children and women, to run in front of their tanks. However, at certain moment they lost orientation and the civilians managed to cross the Polish lines).  // Halibutt 06:49, 31 July 2006 (UTC)

This source is based on memories of cpt. Radajewicz. The problem is his commander - mjr. Sokol - suggested that his memories are different, and - moreover - no other polish soldier remembers that. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 77.255.239.114 (talk) 22:09, 6 February 2010 (UTC)

 * I never offended anyone with a good name, Molobo tarnished his name long ago.
 * it is not cited in the article, hence the tag in the article. And that link you provided is hardly credible, not only does it have tonnes of ad popups on the opening page, but its links to "Top 100 military sites" are fakes, when clicked on it says "tricked into coming here? enter without voting".  the site is not even slightly credible in the least bit, it tries to solicit your vote to make it a credible site with lots of adverts.  when looking for credible cites to research from, one does not classify one that solicits your vote and annoys one with popups as a credible one

--Jadger 02:21, 2 August 2006 (UTC)

Mokra in Silesia?
Wouldn't it be more appropriate to get rid of the mention of Silesia? Mokra is not geographically in Silesia, it is simply in the Silesian Voivodship, but a few dozen kilometers from what is geographically, historically and linguistically known as Silesia (Śląsk). I'll check for a more apropriate geographical term. arczi 23:32, 31 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Geographically Mokra belongs to Wieluń Uplands (wyżyna wieluńska in Polish), but that term is fairly unknown even in Poland. What's more, the area of Częstochowa does not belong to any specifically-designed historical region as it changed hands quite often. It's a part of the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland, but also a part of historical Silesia and even at times of Greater Poland (sic!). Besides, the city is rather a modern settlement (both villages merged in 19th century), so it doesn't really fit well into the mediaeval scheme of historical regions, I'm afraid.  // Halibutt 00:47, 1 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Then maybe we could describe it as "North-West of Częstochowa" rather than "in Silesia"? arczi 12:15, 2 June 2006 (UTC)

 * "but also a part of historical Silesia" No ! It isnt´t true !!! :-( — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2001:4C80:40:493:CA1F:66FF:FE49:EA1A (talk) 21:40, 13 September 2018 (UTC)

Jadger's copyedits
Thanks, the article seems much better now. Molobo, no need to react that strongly, his changes seem acceptable, at least to me. Or am I missing something here?  // Halibutt 09:40, 3 June 2006 (UTC)

One sided and biased/unlikely account
I was trying to glean some information about early use of anti-tank weapons in the Second World War, so looked here.

Why are only Polish sources used for the article? There are German sources also.

Why is no information given about the German troops that participated? Its not hard to find:

4th Panzer Division had 7th Panzer Brigade, composed of 35th and 36th Panzer Regiments and was commanded by General-Major Georg Hans Reinhardt. In August of 1939, each Panzer Regiment was composed of two Panzer Abteilungs. Each Abteilung was composed of two light companies (equipped with PzKpfw I and II) and one medium company (equipped with PzKpfw III and IV) along with other units. Each Abteilung had 71 to 74 tanks including 5 command tanks, each Regiment had 150 to 156 tanks including 12 command tanks. Single division had 308 to 316 tanks including 26 command tanks.

Of the other German divisions, the 31st Infantry Division seems to have been hardly involved in the battle having quickly fallen behind.

Each Panzer Division had its own infantry, reconnaissance, artillery, transport, communication, medical, technical and general services component. At the time, 4th Panzer Division lacked some infantry and anti-tank units

No infantry (mounted on motorcycles) was present in the battle, with the reconnaissance troops having moved out of the way of the tanks.

Counting all the tanks in the division would produce about 1,000 German personnel involved in the combat. However, the article claims 800 as German losses! One forum suggests - It is estimated that up to 30% of all German armour casualties in this battle were suffered by 4. Panzer-Division - the majority of them were casualties of its Panzer-Regiment 36. The vast majority of the remaining 70+% of German armour casualties in this battle were suffered by 1. Panzer-Division.

And yet there are records that show 1st Panzer Division continuing its advance. This is because German accounting is quite different:
 * Pz.Rgt.35 - 14 tanks burnt out, ca. 25 - 30 more knocked out.; losses among tank crews: 15 KIA, 14 WIA
 * Pz.Rgt.36 - at least 10 tanks burnt out, over a dozen more knocked out; losses of tank crews: 7 KIA, 13 WIA
 * Stab Pz.Brig. - unknown tank losses; 1 officer wounded

 * Among the burnt out tanks were 11 Pz-Is and a bit more (14?) Pz-II. At least 1 Pz-IV from PR.35 was knocked out.

 * In total about 70 tanks were disabled; losses of tank crews: 22 KIA (2 officers), 28 WIA (at least 4 officers).

 * Officers killed: Hptm. Buz, Lt. Lohr (both KIA near Mokra III)
 * Most losses of tank crews were sustained near Mokra III (15 KIA), the remaining near Mokra I and Mokra II.

On 01.09.1939 (at the beginning of the campaign) PR.35 had 177 tanks operational On 08.09.1939 (before the assault on Warsaw) PR.35 had 120 tanks operational (losses 1 - 8/IX: 57+ tanks)

 * From the document on irrecoverable tank losses of 1. & 4. Pz.Div. in period 01.09.1939 - 14.09.1939:
 * (the document comes from AAN - Archiwum Akt Nowych - archive in Warsaw)

It seems to me a gross and clear case of WP:NPOV Koakhtzvigad (talk) 14:01, 4 January 2011 (UTC) NOTE. Germans only had tanks, albeit mostly light, in the battle, no 'AFV's Koakhtzvigad (talk) 14:05, 4 January 2011 (UTC)

 * Did you notice this article's been pretty much stable for years now? Apparently noone with access to German-language literature was interested in editing it. Be sure to add anything you believe fits - provided you add sources as well.  // Halibutt 08:51, 21 January 2011 (UTC)

As to the German losses, there seems to be no conflict between Polish and German sources on this one. The problem is mostly with terminology. Take 35th panzerregiment for instance. Polish sources state, that it lost "more than 45 tanks", but as the Germans in the end captured the battlefield and were able to withdraw all of them for repairs, in the end only 14 were counted as destroyed by the Germans (as the rest could be repaired/refitted with new turrets/engines in Germany and then reused).

The higher number is also partially confirmed by the 35th regiment's number of tanks during the assault on Warsaw on September 8th and 9th. It had 120 operational tanks, meaning roughly 65 less than on September 1. Given that between Mokra and Warsaw the regiment did not take part in as heavy battles, most authors assume that the largest part of the losses was due to Mokra, and not Tomaszów Mazowiecki or Piotrków Trybunalski.  // Halibutt 13:51, 21 January 2011 (UTC)

so can we take the neutrality-check off of the page now?Capt Jim (talk) 16:36, 4 June 2011 (UTC)

B-class review: failed
For WP:POLAND. Agree with previous milhist review, the citations are insufficient. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| talk to me 19:45, 23 April 2012 (UTC)

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 * Polish cavalry in Sochaczew(1939)a.jpg

title: Talk:Battle of Mokra


text:
Talk:Anti-rape device

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Scaban2, OliviaBarron13.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 14:28, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

Criticism
Has anyone looked into whether or not there are people who look positively at this device? It doesn't seem quite neutral as it has such a huge article on criticism and nothing about people who are for it. im all for it,is there a photo?

 * Everyone can agree that rape is a horrid and cowardly thing, but these devices are invented by idiots who fundementally misunderstands the act of rape as purely sexual. The fact of it is, rape is as much about violence as it is about sex. German women in WWII were the victim of soldiers who often were unable to finish the act due to alcohol, when this happened the encounters ends much more violently than other cases of rape during the chaos of that war.

 * To precent the risk of infection, these devices need to be washed and stored properly before and after every use, something that might be difficult for Rape-axe's target consumers: poor rural african woman.

 * As for the claim that the device cannot be removed without surgery is doubtful and the claim that the perp will go to a hospital after is moronic. The device is meant to trap an erect penis, which may not trap the organ as well after it inevitably go flaccid and latex is not a difficult material cut or stretch.

Hoax?
Hoax. But discussed at BBC4: http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/womanshour/2005_24_tue_02.shtml --Wetman 08:13, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Should this article, then, be deleted, along with all references? --Dpr 06:10, 5 September 2005 (UTC)

Doesn't make sense that such a product would get serious development anyways, since it's pretty obvious that it would encourage all would-be rapists to do some "testing" with a hunk of wood or something. I'd say it's a hoax. But see:

 * I don't think it's a hoax, but you're right, it probably won't work. But I have to wonder - will some women not take it off during spontaneous sex?  I mean, if people are so bad about putting condoms ON before sex, then...24.64.223.203 09:22, 24 September 2005 (UTC)

 * No its not a hoax, instead of directing you to other articles just type "rapex" in google image search and you will find (among other things) many images of the device being displayed by its inventor --BerserkerBen 01:44, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Just because you can Google an image of it doesn't mean it's not a hoax. As far as I have been able to determine, you cannot actually purchase one anywhere.--Shantavira|feed me 09:57, 13 June 2008 (UTC)

This thing is definitely a hoax. As Shantavira said, you can buy it nowhere. --02:58, 18 July 2008 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.160.70.40 (talk)

 * You can buy it nowhere maybe because it's sold only in South Africa, where it was invented. Just because you can't buy it near where you live doesn't mean it's a hoax. Besides, if it's a hoax then this site is the best hoax site I've ever seen.--187.22.80.204 (talk) 20:27, 8 January 2010 (UTC)

Mechanism of action
How does it work? I cannot find any detailed descriptions on its mechanism of action. It does not seem to be a spring loaded device like in the novel Snow_Crash, based on what I can see from the images (like this: http://digilander.libero.it/quicasanacci/rapex.jpg ) its simply a female condom with several rows of hinged barbs. I would guess that when the rapist sticks his eer “member” in the barbs are pushed up without being noticed but when he retracts the barbs are pulled down into him, sort of like a Chinese finger trap, but with barbs and not on a finger, the more he retracts (and faster) the deeper the barbs are impaled, the barbs seem hocked at the end in one picture so once their in they cannot come out. Well that’s from what I can tell if anyone has a better theory or actual account please tell. On a personal note this has got to be one of the most hilariously scary inventions I have ever seen, I can understand why people would think its a hoax --BerserkerBen 01:44, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

 * You got the barb part right but finger traps are woven this thing is not. The barbs seem to be rows of hardened pastic and the design is simplistic. I tagged the surgical removal part because it seems just plain unlikely considering its made of latex and would constrict when erect.  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 131.104.242.4 (talk) 01:31, 22 November 2009 (UTC)

 * From the text, it simply appears that an unwelcome visitor will encounter an unexpected myriad of microperforations in his most sensitive of areas. And I agree completely on the scariness. --Kizor 20:09, 18 October 2005 (UTC)
 * From the pictures the barbs do not look micro at all, maybe ~1cm long!--BerserkerBen 02:32, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

As far as I have read, the thing can only be removed from the "member" by surgery.....81.201.224.13 13:20, 29 November 2005 (UTC)

Ive read about it in German Online Magazin "Spiegel", so i dont think its a hoax. What i've wondered about, wouldnt it encourage to rape orally and anally?? Women cant have something like that in their other openings, so i think if such a device would be out, it could backfire.
 * Will it work?

Actually it can be used in the anal region. But not the mouth obviously. Btw, the idea is by far the worst idea I've heard in a while. When a rapist finds this thing on his penix, he'll take it out his anger on the girl he just raped. It also doesn't stop the rape at all, it just screws the guy over after the damage has been done. -Lengis

Uhm...the way this thing looks...I seriously doubt anybody would be able to take his anger out on anybody with this thing in his penis. He would have to be VERY pain tolerant to be even able to walk....81.201.224.13 13:22, 29 November 2005 (UTC)

Come on! It would ach at most, a couple of dozen cm long spikes lodge in the skin of the rapist’s ahh "violator" could not hurt that bad. Maybe a spining corkscrew like device that rapidly chewing away at it would be painful enough to cause immediate disabling of the rapist (and hopefully kill him from blood loss within minutes) --BerserkerBen 21:04, 29 November 2005 (UTC)

If this is not a hoax, and the marketing of the product effectively convinces many women to use this device, it would then become standard practice for potential rapists to probe victims violently with various objects (to ensure that the device is removed) before proceeding with his own penis. Jimworm 11:20, 21 May 2006 (UTC)

edit
Removed redundant and needless links 68.239.206.10 21:42, 28 March 2006 (UTC)

So, who thought it was OK to link this to a comic book about a condom that bites off penises? This may or may not work, but it's clearly a serious attempt to deal with a serious problem.

I recently got a warning for my supposedly vanadalous behaviour on wiki for trying to delete the link to killer condom. I thought that was what this was all about. Would somebody mind posting here how I can contribute to this article by deleting an unnecesery (and, let's face it, offensive) link without wiki threatening to kick me off? -C
 * Well sign up a account that way messages for a general ip address will not be given to you. --BerserkerBen 14:04, 24 April 2006 (UTC)

NPOV dispute
This article seems to favor the idea that the manufacture and/ or use of this condom is not a positive idea. It includes negative criticism of the device (that it may be ineffective, harmful to potential victims, and myth based) but not the opposing [read: positive] view.

The article is also factually incorrect in implying that the victim who inspired Ehlers referenced the vagina dentata myth. She merely indicated that she "wished she had teeth down there." For instance, I'm not referencing the bible if I say "I wish I could come back from the dead." While a similar thing did occur in the story, it was not specifically referenced by anyone. This inference seems geared at implying that Ehlers was inspired by fairy tale rather than science or compassion, making her idea seem less credible.

Lastly, the article references (somewhat randomly) the Killer Condom comic/ movie which doesn't seem to serve much purpose other than to further attack the credibility of this idea.
 * The vagina dentata concept, then? --Kizor 04:58, 28 July 2006 (UTC)

I feel that the POV of this article is neutral. It mentions both criticisms and arguments for the device. Pygmypony 21:25, 24 May 2007 (UTC)

Well resurrection from the dead is not excusive to the bible but the idea of having teeth in the vaginal is EXCLUSIVELY referring to vigina dentata. Pretty sure, the crticism here is not covered fully enough.

"Rape-ridden South Africa"
I removed the text "rape ridden". It's unfair to characterise South Africa as rape-ridden; does it have a higher level of rape than its neighbours?

yes it is.

 * It has one of the highest rates of rape in the world, if not the highest. Bartleby (talk) 01:12, 1 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Highest in the world. Their problem is pretty much the whole point of the device, and also the cause of most of the criticism (women are being forced to adapt to a constant threat of rape while the rapists go unpunished).   Apparently some people editing this article aren't really following along...  I tried to make this more clear. — Omegatron 00:36, 6 January 2008 (UTC)

FDA Approval?
It will be interesting to see what the U.S. Food and Drug Administration does with this device. The standard is that it has to be "safe and effective." Does anyone have any idea how hard clinical trials are going to be?,no pun intended. The inventor says on her website that it has been "tested." Has anyone seen any published research yet? Or is all of this a huge HOAX? One has to wonder. T.E. Goodwin 08:45, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

I've Been Following This Closely Since it's Announcement Last Year
I just put some statistics from Human Watch South Africa on the page. Granted they are from 1995 but they adequately portray South Africa as a country that has a high incidence of rape, relative to the rest of the world.

Also, the invention is real, has a trademark, which I also included, and it's own website which is all on the page now.

I have asked to upload an image of the device and am waiting for approval.

As far as effectiveness, there are people on both sides as well as ones who don't really know.

It has never been tested on a real man due to lack of research subjects and ethical reasons.

As a woman and feminist, I have my own ideas about it but I think it would be best to allow me to finish my revisions, as I have many, and I will deal with the pros of the device. I have made it clear that the media response was negative in general but there are other groups who DO stand behind the invention. OneWomanArmy923

 * If the hype is true then surely by now a rapist has been ... 'got' with one of these. That will be the real test, what happens when someone is. Also whether they are actually safe to have in. Does the lack of nerve endings in the vaginal wall mean that a broken one would have to be pulled out along with a chunk of flesh before the wearer realised it had embedded into her instead?

 * 81.178.231.100 18:26, 26 March 2007 (UTC)

NPOV!
This article is written from a remarkably biased perspective. For example, it makes no mention of how the fact that a visible deterrent is absent is intrinsically linked to the fact that the existence of these condoms provides protection to women who don't have them in place, since they cannot be seen to not have them in place. —SlamDiego 02:29, 11 April 2007 (UTC)

 * I don't think that's a point because if someone knows about this and is scared he will just test it.
 * I think it's a very dangerous device because it encourages women to not defend themselves, maybe even not saying "no" and rely on this easily avoided trap. Also it really is a 100% revenge tool, like "you rape me, i take you with me" which is a very babaric mindset to me indeed.

 * You don't know what barbarism is then. In any event, if there are counter arguments to the deterrence effect, produced other than as original research or theorizing by a Wikipedian, then they too should be included in the article. —SlamDiego←T 22:26, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Rape is the barbarism. If anything this article is POV towards the idea that this invention is in someway bad or wrong. --Krsont 14:43, 25 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Yup. —SlamDiego←T 04:15, 26 June 2007 (UTC)

Does it do anything?
I have to wonder if it's effective because in order for it to work, the woman has to be raped first... Seems counter productive to me. Why not work on education, outreach and support? Dave8904 19:49, 15 May 2007 (UTC)

 * The most likely answer to this question might be that preventing rape is usually preferable to post-rape "outreach" and "support". ReformedXtian 16:00, 23 May 2007 (UTC)

 * No, a woman does 'not have to be raped for it to be effective. It functions as a deterrent against at least some rapes, so long as would-be rapists know that some women have one of these in them. Meanwhile, education, outreach, and singing “Kumbaya” won't do much of anything to prevent rape. —SlamDiego 16:25, 24 May 2007 (UTC)
 * look slamdiego you idiot, if a woman can take out the device or insert the device that means repeat rapists who know about the device can take it out too and also it's not like anal rape doesn't occur. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 131.104.242.4 (talk) 01:07, 22 November 2009 (UTC)
 * No part of your argument here is much better than the insult with which it begins. Yes, some rapists will check for the device, but that checking itself slows and complicates the process of rape.  Yes, anal rape does occur, as does oral rape; so does hijacking.  This device is meant to deal with one sort of crime and with one sort of criminal; not with every crime nor with every sort of criminal.  There is over-lap amongst these categories (hijackers are sometimes rapists), but that doesn't negate the point.
 * BTW, there's nice evidence that 131.104.242.4 is a sock- or meat-puppet of Dave8904. — SlamDiego  ←T 21:39, 8 January 2010 (UTC)

Citations? Anyone?
The whole "criticisms" article reeks of original research ... There are no citations for paragraphs one, two, or four. And the language there sucks: "which adds to criticisms ...", "Some have also expressed concern ...", "Some contend that ..."

Also, the line "Necessary for this scenario is the premise that women have a predilection towards using consensual sex for physical revenge," is factually incorrect, in addition to being OR. (After all, not all women need a "predilection" towards sex as revenge for this to happen, just one woman; and she doesn't even need a "predilection" - just to get the idea at some point.

For the record, I don't think that the criticisms are necessarily wrong - I just don't think this article is very encyclopedic. Maxvip 13:20, 15 October 2007 (UTC)

verifiability
This alleged product was originally announced two years ago. Since then, it keeps getting back into the news every few months, based entirely on (a) quotes from Sonette Ehlers and (b) other people's opinions in favor of or against the idea. I've seen no news story that was sourced to anything other than statements by Ehlers. She has been quoted repeatedly in 2006 and 2007 as saying the product is about to hit the shelves "next week" or "next month" (the official website still says it'll be on the market in "late 2006"), but there's no evidence that the Rapex is any closer to being a reality now than it ever was. Call it hoax or vaporware or what you will, but both the invention and the "controversy" seem to be entirely media phenomena at this point.

So it's still a good subject for an article, but all we can reliably say about it is (a) someone has been talking about making this, (b) the story was widely reported, (c) several people expressed opinions about it. If that changes at some point, then the article can be expanded.

And I don't think it's a good practice to cite multiple news stories that all basically provide the same information from the same person. ←Hob 23:06, 8 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Dixon, Robyn. "Controversy in South Africa over device to snare rapists", The Sydney Morning Herald, September 2, 2005. Retrieved on August 10, 2007. With quotes from the inventor, Ms Ehlers and an anti-rape activist, Charlene Smith. Why isn't there a date on that Sydney Morning Herald article? Well, the link is to the smh website, but says it was in the Los Angeles Times, written by Robyn Dixon in Johannesburg in 2005. With quotes from the inventor, Ms Ehlers and an anti-rape activist, Charlene Smith.
 * Clayton, Jonathan. "Anti-rape device must be banned, say women", Times Online, June 8, 2005. Retrieved on August 10, 2007. Ah! Times Online, now we're talking. Actually, someone else is talking, Ms Ehlers again. Not to Times Online, but (supposedly) to the Johannesburg Star, written by Jonathan Clayton in Johannesburg in 2005. With quotes from the inventor, Ms Ehlers and an anti-rape activist, Charlene Smith.
 * What other sources are given?
 * "Killer tampon" to give rapists the chop. Retrieved on November 1, 2007. It's a blog, not a reliable source.
 * DedeCms. March 24, 2007. Anti-rape Device to Hit the Market. Retrieved on May 31, 2007. It's a blog, not a reliable source.
 * Rape Trap Like Snow Crash 'Dentata'. Technovelgy.com. Retrieved on August 10, 2007. It's a blog, not a reliable source.
 * Neva Chonin. "Vagina Dentata", San Francisco Chronicle, June 12, 2005. Retrieved on August 10, 2007. Yeah, it's in the San Francisco Chronicle. In the Entertainment section. Take a look at it, then read WP:RS. Guess what?
 * Five in-line links to rapestop.net. That's not a source, that's spam.
 * Mdbrownmsw 04:44, 13 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Mdbrownmsw 04:44, 13 November 2007 (UTC)

Illogic
A claim
 * No evidence has been presented that rapists in South Africa have started carrying such diagnostic vaginal stimulators.

was un- -tagged with an assertion
 * Citation is NOT needed on a negative claim.

So, let's try this:
 * John McCain, Hillary Clinton, and Barack Obama do not wash their hands after using the toilet.

Certainly a negative claim. Or how about the milder
 * No evidence has been presented that John McCain, Hillary Clinton, and Barack Obama wash their hands after using the toilet.

Really, people have some weird ideas about empirical logic. —SlamDiego←T 15:44, 3 May 2008 (UTC)

 * To put goose and gander on an even footing (no doubt a high priority here), I also deleted the speculation that objects would be used, because this is not to be found in the source cited but only in the forum comments responding to it. It's not that I'm not skeptical (see my question above) but this is just not verifiable information, and a "dildo" seems like the last thing a rapist is likely to be carrying. Wnt (talk) 20:22, 15 May 2008 (UTC)

RapeX vs. RapeaXe
There are two different web sites - one for RapeX (tm) and one for "RapeaXe" with mention that the name was changed to avoid trademark problems in Europe. But both sites show pictures of what appears to be exactly the same device! There may be something odd going on here. Wnt (talk) 20:52, 15 May 2008 (UTC)

 * And you can't purchase one from either site, so there is still no evidence that these things exist except in a promotional graphic. It looks like it's a large and rigid device so I imagine it would be very uncomfortable for the wearer as well as the intended victim. A neat hoax.--Shantavira|feed me 09:52, 30 May 2008 (UTC)

Hoax tag
I am removing the hoax tag. Yes, the device might be a hoax. However, the article is not.

Wikipedia reflects the content of reliable sources. This article is well sourced and the content of the article is reasonably close to what the sources say. There are likely articles that accurately reflect the content of reliable sources that have been duped by a hoax. That is not what the tag is for.

The tag is for cases where Wikipedia is being hoaxed: reporting on a subject that does not exist and is not reported as existing in reliable sources. The best we can do is make sure that the article documents what the sources say, including any supposed introduction dates that have been missed, etc.

If reliable sources say it exists, as far as wikipedia is concerned, it exists. - Mdsummermsw (talk) 17:50, 13 June 2008 (UTC)

On using the German-language Wikipedia as a “reliable source”
Wikipedia is not a “reliable source”. If we allowed Wikipedia to be treated as such, then fictions could be kited by creating a group of mutually supporting edits across articles. —SlamDiego←T 20:49, 24 April 2009 (UTC)

2010 ref
For those building this page, here is a 2010 article: "South African Doctor Invents Female Condoms with 'Teeth' to Fight Rape," by Faith Karimi, CNN, June 20, 2010 --LegitimateAndEvenCompelling (talk) 04:48, 21 June 2010 (UTC)
 * Why does this "news" story re-emerge every couple of years? This was first announced back in 2005, but the news media keep reporting it periodically as if it were new. Reminds me of the recent "controversy" over this. Someone at CNN sure is obsessed with manufacturing rape stories. Xenophobic, too - South Africa and Japan are portrayed as some kind of world rape capitals. Personally I'd be wary of using that source when more reliable ones exist. --86.149.68.243 (talk) 18:34, 21 June 2010 (UTC)

Edit request from Hframe, 23 October 2010
You should include a picture of this device. You will find one here: http://io9.com/5568455/vagina-dentata-condom-distributed-at-the-world-cup

Thanks

Hframe (talk) 11:28, 23 October 2010 (UTC)
 * - The above picture is interesting, but is copyrighted, and not published with a use license (CC, GFDL) which is compatible with Wikipedia for uploading on Commons. It also cannot be used under fair use, because it does not fall under one of Wikipedia's fair use categories, for uploading to the English Wikipedia. This is not meant to discourage - if use permission is obtained from the copyright holder, and verified with OTRS, such an image would certainly brighten the article. See WP:Images and WP:Uploading images and WP:Requesting copyright permission for more information about getting permission to use copyrighted images. Or if you take a photo of the device yourself and release it under CC or GFDL, that can be uploaded to Commons. That is, if it's not a hoax. --Lexein (talk) 03:25, 24 October 2010 (UTC)

EU warning system is also called RAPEX
The only part of the article that sounded like bullshit to me was "Initially called RapeX, the name was changed in 2006 upon discovering that RAPEX is also an EU warning system against dangerous goods on the market." They actually call their warning by that name though!  D r e a m Focus  16:06, 28 April 2011 (UTC)

Reversal usage
Wouldnt this device also be applicable by man hating women with thoughts of revenge? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.187.111.46 (talk) 13:59, 13 May 2011 (UTC)
 * I guess it could...but we wouldn't limit the availability of knives or poisons, or any number of things/devices (not that that's what you're implying should happen), just because they could be used with cruel intent.Codenamemary (talk) 18:58, 7 August 2011 (UTC)

Still waiting...
It doesn't look as if this product will ever be anything more than a failed invention, languishing in development hell right next to the radio-controlled kettle: the websites in the "external links" section are both currently unavailable (which I've tagged) and as Mdbrownmsw pointed out above (over three and a half years ago), a Google search reveals nothing except the above-mentioned self-publicising interviews and advertorials initiated by Ehlers. My recent edit reflects this ~dom Kaos~ (talk) 11:43, 19 June 2011 (UTC)
 * Good edit. Worded quite nicely to explain the situation.  I wonder if the patent office's website even has this alleged invention in it.  Its either a total hoax, or something unreasonable, since you couldn't legally use it even if it did exist.   D r e a m Focus  15:04, 19 June 2011 (UTC)

Edit Proposal
Should maybe say something in the criticism section about the following idea: With this product available, women would be able to seek out cruel vengeance on ex boyfriends/spouses. i.e. I a man cheats on his girlfriend/wife, she could then use this devise, secretly to get even with him. He then would be blamed for rape, when in fact he did not rape her. Not to mention his member would be destroyed...of course maybe he deserved the pain for cheating, but not the blamed rape, which could get him life in prison for merely cheating. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Lilangus (talk • contribs) 19:57, 10 March 2012 (UTC)

Friendly Suggestions
When referring to the chastity belts, try to provide a more detailed summary of its history and connection to the Anti-rape device. It would be helpful to provide readers with an image in order to gain a better understanding of the device and its appearance. In order to have a balance between negative and positive information on this topic, I suggest providing a list of pros and cons of the Anti-rape device and examples from other authors, peer-review journal articles or from newspaper articles. Nmunoz26 (talk) 21:21, 7 May 2013 (UTC)

Additions to this page
Hello, I am a student at LSU in a women's gender study and I am working on a project that involves me to add more information to an article. I would like to add more information to this topic. Scaban2 (talk) 14:38, 25 February 2016 (UTC)

Neutrality and language issues
The section on DrinkSavvy technology should be edited to get rid of the second person/"you" language and improve neutrality. It might also be helpful to expand this section, as this technology has expanded to include other DrinkSavvy-type items, such as the widely reported nail polish that uses the same color-change technology. In a separate issue, the final sentence of the introduction ("Throughout the history of rape...") seems very overgeneralized and out-of-place, given the article. That sentence should probably either be removed entirely or expanded into a separate section explaining the history of rape prevention methods. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:940:C200:3437:C868:8517:B1BA:3AE3 (talk) 00:32, 24 September 2016 (UTC)

Misspelling.
I don't know if it was intentional, but I noticed the word "victem" partway in the page. Did you mean victim? I'd change it, but the page is protected.
 * Thanks. Fixed it. AIRcorn (talk) 05:25, 26 February 2018 (UTC)

interesting facts about product creation
[Sonnet Ehler] "sold her car and house to mass-produce the dick-chewing device" (rape-axe) -- http://hplusmagazine.com/2011/03/09/vagina-dentata-and-the-annihilation-of-rape/

Remove DrinkSavvy?
I'm not sure if we could call somebody's idea not backed by actual product "a device". Their murky explanations points that they wanted to do something like that, but it turned out impossible, at least for them. There's no such product, so it shouldn't be here. If it's not enough - they are gone with cash. So it's more like scam or unrealistic idea - again a reason to remove misleading section. I know it's a nice idea, but quantum field changing minds of rapists is even nicer - but not quite real or scientific. 89.69.127.250 (talk) 09:16, 28 December 2020 (UTC)

Rape-aXe
The Rape-aXe is a copy and paste from the marketing/gofundme. Massive claims that it'll stop STDs and pregnancy that are just claims made by the inventor. This thing has never been made and no evidence to back up the claims, yet we're copying them here as facts. 68.204.205.121 (talk) 21:00, 1 June 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Anti-rape device


text:
Samydaceae

Samydaceae is a family of tropical and subtropical woody plants, its best known genus being Casearia. It has always been of uncertain placement, in the past usually being submerged in the family Flacourtiaceae.

A 2002 paper included the Samydaceae in the family Salicaceae, a placement accepted in the APG III system onwards and also by Plants of the World Online. This placement has by no means been universally accepted.

title: Samydaceae


text:
Connecticut Rivers Council

The headquarters of the Connecticut Rivers Council of the Boy Scouts of America is located in East Hartford, Connecticut. The present council was formed as the result of the merger between the Indian Trails Council of Norwich, Connecticut and Long Rivers Council of Hartford, Connecticut. Now it is the largest council in the state with a youth membership of over 17,000 and a volunteer base of nearly 10,000 adults, serving for over half of the state.

The council's camps include the June Norcross Webster Scout Reservation in Ashford, Camp Mattatuck in Plymouth and Camp Workcoeman in New Hartford. See Boy Scout Camps in Connecticut, past and present below for more information on the individual camps.

The council's Order of the Arrow Lodge is the Tschitani Lodge #10.

Organization
Connecticut Rivers Council is divided into the following districts:
 * Leaders of the Revolution District serves the following communities: Somers, Stafford, Union, Woodstock, Thompson, Ellington, Tolland, Willington, Ashford, Eastford, Pomfret, Putnam, Vernon, Coventry, Mansfield, Chaplin, Hampton, Brooklyn, Killingly, Bolton, Andover, Columbia, Windham, Scotland, Canterbury, Plainfield, Sterling, Hebron, Marlborough, Colchester, Columbia, Lebanon, Franklin, Bozrah, Sprague, Lisbon, Griswold, and Voluntown
 * Charter Oak District serves the following communities: Bloomfield, Canton, East Granby, East Windsor, Enfield, Granby, Simsbury, South Windsor, Suffield, Windsor, Windsor Locks, Avon, Berlin, Bristol, East Hartford, Farmington, Glastonbury, Hartford, Manchester, New Britain, Newington, Plainville, Rocky Hill, West Hartford, and Wethersfield
 * Western District serves the following communities: Barkhamsted, Beacon Falls, Bethlehem, Bridgewater, Burlington, Canaan,  Cheshire, Colebrook, Cornwall, Goshen, Hartland, Harwinton, Kent, Litchfield, Middlebury, Morris, Naugatuck, New Hartford, New Milford, Norfolk, North Canaan, Plymouth, Prospect, Roxbury, Salisbury, Sharon, Southbury, Thomaston, Torrington, Washington, Warren, Waterbury, Watertown, West Cornwall, Wolcott, Woodbury, Winchester, and Winsted
 * Southeastern District serves the following communities: Chester, Clinton, Cromwell, Deep River, Durham,  East Haddam, East Hampton, East Lyme, Essex, Groton, Haddam, Killingworth, Ledyard, Middlefield, Middletown, Montville, North Stonington, New London, Norwich, Old Lyme, Old Saybrook, Portland, Preston, Salem, Stonington, Waterford, Westbrook, and Fisher's Island, (NY).
 * Scoutreach Division

Camp Mattatuck
Established in 1939, Camp Mattatuck sits on 500 acres of land outside Waterbury, CT. Each summer, Camp Mattatuck runs a Scouts, BSA Resident Camp, Cub Scout Resident Camp, Webelos Resident camp and a Cub Scout Day Camp. Camp Mattatuck also hosts a variety of seasonal events such as fishing derbies, Klondike derbies, camporees and a Halloween Haunted Woods.

It is part of Connecticut Rivers Council and is supported by the Connecticut Rivers Council through Friends of Scouting donations, solicitation of direct assistance, grants and foundations, Unit Popcorn sales, the Council endowment funds and the Camp Mattatuck Volunteers.

June Norcross Webster Scout Reservation
The camp is located in the scenic New England Town of Ashford, Connecticut. Originally opened as Camp Ashford on June 28, 1964, today the reservation occupies 1200 acre of land and a 30 acre man-made lake named Goss Pond. The camp is located on the farm once owned by Lt. Col. Thomas Knowlton, hero of the Battle of Bunker Hill and a commander in the Continental Army. The reservation has two camps; The Stanley Black & Decker Base Camp and the Cub Country. In 1963, Eastern Connecticut Council sold Camp Quinebaug to purchase 1200 acre property with a 25 acre lake in Ashford, Connecticut. The camp was named Camp Ashford and was officially opened on June 28, 1964. After two years of operations, the name was changed to June Norcross Webster Scout Reservation after a donation on behalf of June Norcross-Webster, of the Norcross Greeting Card Company. A large land donation was also made by the Brand Trust. The Base Camp (Ashford 1) is the home to the Boy Scout Resident camp while the Cub Country (Ashford 2) is home to Cub Scout Resident Camp, Akela Day Camp & NYLT. The reservation has been operated by three different councils: Eastern Connecticut Council of Norwich, Connecticut 1964–1971, Indian Trails Council of Norwich, Connecticut 1971-1995 and Connecticut Rivers Council of East Hartford, Connecticut since 1995. It is the largest Scout Camp in the State of Connecticut.

Mark Greer Scout Reservation
This 340 acre camp was located in Bozrah, Connecticut and was established in 1947 by the Middlesex County Council of the Boy Scouts of America. It was the chief summer camp for Boy Scouts from this small council from 1947 until a merger of five councils in 1972. The Long Rivers Council, which resulted from this merger, used this camp as a Boy Scout summer camp up until 1976, when a declining Boy Scout-aged population forced the council to end the summer camp program. By the mid-1960s, the Camp Tadma property also became known as Mark Greer Scout Reservation in honor of a local Scouting patron.

There were five campsites available: Pioneer, Mohegan, Kiehtan, Tantaquidgeon and Uncas. The dining hall was also a small operation and could not have fit much more than 120 Scouts. During its last year of camp operations in 1976, the Tadma kitchen was run by Joe Grillo, who would go on to become the famous PGA caddy Joe "Gypsy" Grillo.

The council attempted to make the camp a high adventure base in 1977 and 1978, but demand was not there. It ran a pilot Cub Scout day camp during the summer of 1977. In the 1990s, Tadma's Venture Post number 78 was chosen to represent the year, 1978, that the council decided to make Camp Tadma strictly a Cub Scout resident camp during the summer camp season. In 1979, Long Rivers Council reopened summer camping at Camp Tadma for Webelos. Its program was one of five camps in the nation that was used to create the Cub Scout Camping Program in 1984. With the Long Rivers-Indian Trails Council merger in the 1990s, Camp Tadma retained this summer camp program but closed as a resident camp in 2013. The property was Sold to a local Church in February 2015.

Frederick Sprague Barbour Scout Reservation
The 106 acre camp is located in Norfolk, Connecticut. It is suitable for wilderness camping. The camp was devastated after an ice storm. However, in November 2010, a camp-wide project was held to restore the camp. Around 70 Scouts from the Connecticut Rivers Council helped to refurbish the camp, which is now usable again.

Camp Workcoeman
Camp Workcoeman is located on the shore of West Hill Lake in New Hartford, Connecticut. Established in 1924, it is one of the oldest, continuously operated Scout camps in the country. For over 90 years, thousands of Scouts and Scouters have experienced Scouting at its best at Camp Workcoeman. It is also home to Laurel Music Camp. In 1994, Camp Workcoeman was part of a study conducted by the National Boy Scout Council for exemplary Scout camps in the country.

The program includes Swimming and Boating on the West Hill Pond (sail boats, snorkeling, stand-up paddle boards, underwater nature hike, team canoeing, camp-wide aquatic meet, kayaking and Polar Bear Swim). Older Scouts can use the Shawtown Wilderness Trek. For younger Scouts, the Tenderfoot's Compass Program is offered. This program, based around the patrol method, focuses on teaching basic Scouting skills and includes Swimming Merit Badge. Each week a number of camp-wide activities are scheduled, including Aquatic Meet, Scoutmaster Shoot-Off, Friday Night Campfire, Saturday Court of Honor and Family Bar-B-Que.

Order of the Arrow
Tschitani Lodge No. 10 is the Order of the Arrow lodge for the Connecticut Rivers Council. The name translates to "stronger one" in Lenape. Their totem is of two American Indians shooting arrows. The lodge was created with the merger of Sassacus and Eluwak in 1995.

Before the merge, a joint meeting between the two lodges was held at Camp Tadma in the spring of 1995. In fall, a joint lodge conclave was held, hosted by Sassacus Lodge, at June Norcross Webster Scout Reservation in Ashford. On September 17, 1995, the membership voted on their by-laws, chose the name Tschitani for the new lodge, and a slate of officers were elected. An Official Charter was given to the Tschitani Lodge on January 1, 1996, and the first Lodge Chief was John Trainor.

In the spring of 1996 and again in 2001, Tschitani Lodge hosted the Section NE-1B Conclave at Camp June Norcross Webster Scout Reservation. The theme for the weekend was "The Journey Starts from Within." 2003 saw a slight change in the by-laws to allow the election of two lodge vice chiefs and changed election procedures.

At the 2005 National Order of the Arrow Conference, Tschitani Lodge received the 2004 and 2006 NOAC Spirit Award and the ceremonial team received Honor Medals. The lodge received the National Quality Lodge award in 1997 and 2002. As the first lodge in the state, it was recipient of the National OA Service Grant in 2005.

title: Connecticut Rivers Council


text:
The Paperboys

The Paperboys (sometimes billed and credited as Tom Landa and the Paperboys) are a Canadian folk music band from Vancouver that formed in 1991. The Paperboys blend Celtic folk with bluegrass, Mexican, Eastern European, African, zydeco, soul and country influences. The band has had a variety of members and line-ups since its original formation, with Landa remaining as the sole founding member, although veteran banjoist/bassist Cam Salay often returns as a guest performer. Known for consistently creating pop songs with melodic hooks, their music has been called versatile, with a wide range of influences, melding diverse musical influences more successfully than some other Irish rock bands have previously.

The Paperboys first studio album, Late As Usual, was released on their own record label Stompy Discs in 1995. They also created Stomp Productions to produce and market their work themselves. Their first three studio albums have received Juno Award nominations, with 1997's Molinos winning for the Roots and Traditional Album of the Year category. They also won a West Coast Music Award the same year.

Their album Postcards won a West Coast Music Award in 2000.

After the untimely death of drummer Paul Lawton, The Paperboys helped to finance a scholarship in his name. The band has also appeared in and scored award-winning international films. They are noted for their version of Bob Dylan's "All Along the Watchtower", which was part of a tribute album for Dylan's 60th birthday. Their most recent release, and seventh album, was 2014's At Peace With One's Ghosts.

A staple at folk, roots, and bluegrass festivals in North America and Europe, The Paperboys have extensively toured both continents, performing in England, Germany, Switzerland, Norway, Scotland, Ireland, France, and Austria. Frequently featured on Canadian national television, The Paperboys have said in the past, "We get paid for the travel time, but play for free."

Formation and roster
The Paperboys were originally formed in 1991 by bassist Christopher Jonat and Tom Landa on acoustic guitar and vocals, with Jeremy Hughes on accordion and vocals, Kevin Ball on fiddle, and Dave Plenkovich on drums. This early version of the band was very popular with the Vancouver college crowds, but after creative discrepancies Landa kept the Paperboys name, and all the other remaining band members reformed as The Clumsy Lovers.

Tom Landa was born in Mexico to a Canadian mother of Irish ancestry and a Mexican father, and later moved from Mexico City to Vancouver, British Columbia. Initially, Landa discovered Celtic music via the Canadian band Spirit of the West, whose flautist and co-vocalist was Geoffrey Kelly. Kelly would later produce half of The Paperboys' first studio album Late as Usual with Colin Nairne (producer & guitarist for Barney Bentall) and eventually end up joining the band full-time.

The original Late As Usual band members included Moritz Behm on fiddle, Neil Burnett on vocals, penny whistle & celtic harp, Glenn Kruger (the Stoaters, Real McKenzies) on drums & vocals, and Cam Salay on banjo and bass. In 1995, the band was later joined by Shona Le Mottée on fiddle, and Shannon Saunders on a variety of instruments (bass, fiddle, banjo), to contribute to the band's live shows. Le Mottée left The Paperboys in 1997, after recording the award-winning Molinos, and was replaced by flautist Hanz Araki. In the late 1990s, they were joined for a time by keyboardist Doug Schmidt.

In 2010, the band consisted of Landa, Kalissa Hernandez on fiddle, Brad Gillard on banjo and bass, Geoffrey Kelly on flutes, and Sam Esecson on drums, with a three-piece horn section consisting of Kareem Kandi on saxophone, Nick LaRiviere on trombone, and either Miguelito Valdes or Greg Lyons on trumpet.

Recording history
The Paperboys released a cassette album called "January" in 1993 as their first commercially available recording, and sold many copies at local shows around their hometown of Vancouver. Those original recordings were never released on CD (except for the track "Judy's Wedding", which is featured on Tenure), but a few of the songs from January ("January", "Come Tella Me") were re-recorded by the new lineup for the Late As Usual CD. The Paperboys released their first CD studio album, Late as Usual, in 1994, on their self-established label Stompy Discs, with an associated production and management company, Stomp Productions. Late as Usual went on to garner a Juno Award nomination for Roots and Traditional Album of the Year. They followed that album with 1997's Molinos, which also was nominated for the Roots and Traditional category at the Juno Awards, this time winning. Additionally, Molinos took away the Best Roots Recording category in the West Coast Music Award of the same year. One review referred to Molinos as "bluegrass-tinged pop-rock" with an "undercurrent of Celtic wildness". In 2000, The Paperboys released Postcards, their third studio album, which also was nominated in the same category, for their third straight nomination, but Postcards did not win. In 2000, they won another West Coast Music Award for the Best Roots Recording category for Postcards.

They followed next with Tenure in 2002, the double album Dilapidated Beauty in 2003, and The Road to Ellenside in 2006. In a review for Molinos, it was noted that The Paperboys consistently write pop songs with melodic hooks, which other prior Irish-rock inspired bands such as The Pogues and Oysterband, and others were not always successful at. Postcards, which has songs that range musically from bluegrass, zydeco, flamenco, Irish traditional, country, to Celtic-new-age-Native, and with songs that mix some of the themes, was described as a satisfying example of how far the versatile scope of The Paperboys' music extends.

The Paperboys' 2006 album, The Road to Ellenside, is named after the English mansion, Ellenside, Lake District near Ireby where the band, together with producer and engineer Mark Tucker, recorded the album. After a performance in the area, a fan invited the band to spend the night in her mansion for dinner. Landa told her that the home would be an amazing place to record a record, to which the fan replied, "Why not?" One year later, they returned to the Ellenside mansion, living there in Cumbrian countryside full-time while recording their studio album. Additional recording work for The Road to Ellenside was done at the Tragically Hip's studio in Bath, England and in Vancouver. On The Road to Ellenside, The Paperboys covered Sting's song Fragile from his 1987 album …Nothing Like the Sun. The band had intended to film their music video for the track in Cuba, but because of high insurance costs from American companies due to the United States embargo against Cuba, opted to film in Morelia, Mexico.

In 2009, the band released Callithump. This release features the band name "Los Paperboys" on the front cover, although this is not the official new band name.

Live performances and other work

The Paperboys have performed and appeared in the Genie Award nominated film Marine Life, for which Landa also wrote the musical score, and in the Genie Award winning Lunch with Charles, which was the first-ever film co-production between Hong Kong and Canada. The band have also made numerous appearances on Canadian national television. The band has performed and been interviewed on Vicki Gabereau, The Mike Bullard Show, The Jim Byrnes Show, Urban Rush, Worldbeats, and CBC Television's Terminal City. In 2001, the Red House Records label asked The Paperboys to contribute a track to A Nod to Bob, a 60th birthday homage to Bob Dylan. Their rendition of "All Along the Watchtower" was consistently noted in reviews as one of the highlights of the album. In honor of their former drummer, Paul Lawton, who passed on suddenly in 2005, the band worked on recording ten songs written by him, for a tribute album that would include recorded material by Lawton. Following Lawton's death, a scholarship was created in his name. The Paul Lolly Lawton Scholarship Fund, was established by St. Clair College in Windsor, Ontario, and The Paperboys worked with the Ontario Provincial Government to raise funds for it.

The Paperboys routinely sell out shows in some of the most popular and prestigious clubs and festivals throughout Canada, the United States, Mexico and Europe. One of their most notable appearances was being asked to perform at John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington D.C. In Canada, The Paperboys appeared at almost every folk festival across the country, including Edmonton, Vancouver, Winnipeg and Toronto. They have also played festivals across the United States, including New York's Falcon Ridge Folk Festival, The Folk Alliance Festival, the New England Folk Festival and Seattle's Bumbershoot. The Paperboys have also performed at other music festivals, including Toronto's Harbourfront, the Milwaukee Irish Fest, and Wintergrass. The band has been asked to return almost every year to several festivals across Europe, headlining at the United Kingdom's Warwick and Trowbridge festivals, as well as at festivals in Germany and Denmark. The band has also toured in Switzerland, Norway, Scotland, Ireland, France, and Austria. According to Landa, their European travels are some of their most successful and popular performances, explaining why they travel to Europe so frequently for long musical tours.

The Paperboys' live performances have been described as high energy and accessible, and they have a reputation for gaining new fans after a single performance. The loyalty of fans to The Paperboys has been previously described as "a growing cult-like following in recent years."

Musical style and influences
The Washington Post and Billboard have referred to The Paperboys' music as 'reminiscent of early Elton John and Van Morrison', and they have also been compared at times to a "laid back country version" of The Eagles. While their music is sometimes hard to describe, The Paperboys themselves have described it as "Guinness with a tequila chaser while listening to an Americana Jukebox." Other descriptions of The Paperboys have described a fusion of Celtic folk with Bluegrass, Mexican, Eastern European, African, zydeco, soul and country influences. Their songs range from traditional Celtic jigs to modern love songs. Landa has said that one of his own stronger influences in music is the Mexican style of music called Son Jarocho, whose most well-known song is Ritchie Valens's La Bamba. Tom Landa's songwriting has been cited as world-class by Chris Nickerson of the Seattle Weekly.

The band has also been noted for recording a number of pop and rock covers — including The Beatles' "I've Just Seen a Face" on Molinos and Sting's "Fragile" on The Road to Ellenside — which incorporate traditional Celtic jigs and reels into the arrangements; "Fragile", additionally, incorporates lyrics from both the English and Spanish versions of the song.

According to Landa, his bandmate Geoffrey Kelley's other band, Spirit of the West, is a major influence on himself and The Paperboys. Landa said, "Even when playing with (Geoffrey), and him being in the same room, I will still say they were a very big influence on me. I'd almost dare to say that had it not been my hearing their records, I would never have been into Celtic music to begin with -- so the band may not even exist."

Current members

 * Tom Landa - vocals, guitar, bouzouki, mandolin (1991-present)
 * Geoffrey Kelly - flute, tambourine (1998-present)
 * Brad Gillard - vocals, banjo, bass guitar (2005-present)
 * Sam Esecson - drums, percussion (2009-present)
 * Kalissa Landa - vocals, fiddle (2009-present)
 * Kareem Kandi - saxophone (2009-present)
 * Nick LaRiviere - trombone (2010-present)
 * Miguelito Valdes - trumpet, congas, percussion (2010-present)
 * Greg Lyons - trumpet (2010-present)

Former members

 * Christopher Jonat - vocals, bass guitar (1991-1993)
 * Jeremy Hughes - accordion (1991-1993)
 * Kevin Ball - fiddle (1991-1993)
 * David Plenkovich - drums (1991-1993)
 * Paul Lawton - drums, percussion (1994-2000; died 2005)
 * Cam Salay - vocals, bass guitar, banjo (1994-2005)
 * Matt Brain - drums, percussion (2005-2009)
 * Shannon Saunders - vocals, fiddle, banjo (1995-2005)
 * Neil Burnett - flute, tin whistle, accordion, percussion (1994-1995)
 * Moritz Behm - vocals, fiddle, mandolin, percussion (1994-1995)
 * Shona Le Mottée - fiddle (1995-1997)
 * Hanz Araki - fiddle, flute (1996-1999)
 * Kendel Carson - fiddle (2005-2009)
 * Tom Neville - fiddle (1993-1994?)

Discography

 * January (1993)
 * Late as Usual (1995)
 * Molinos (1997), Allmusic [ link]
 * Postcards (2000), Allmusic [ link]
 * Tenure (2002)
 * Dilapidated Beauty (2003)
 * The Road to Ellenside (2006)
 * Live at Stockfisch Studio LP (2008)
 * Live at Stockfisch Studio CD (2008)
 * Callithump (2009)
 * Live - Across The Water, Across The Land (2012)
 * At Peace With One's Ghosts (2014)
 * Score (2016)

Awards and nominations

 * 2001 Juno Awards, Best Roots & Traditional Album - Group, Postcards (nominated)
 * 2000 West Coast Music Award, Best Roots Recording, Postcards (winner)
 * 1998 Juno Awards, Best Roots & Traditional Album - Group, Molinos (winner)
 * 1998 West Coast Music Award, Best Roots Recording, Molinos (winner)
 * 1996 Juno Awards, Best Roots & Traditional Album - Group, Late As Usual (nominated)

title: The Paperboys


text:
File:Speed the Memorial Best 1335days Dear Friends 2.jpg

Fair use in Speed The Memorial Best 1335days Dear Friends 2
Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because:
 * 1) It's a low resolution copy of a CD/album cover.
 * 2) It doesn't limit the copyright owner's rights to sell the CD/album in any way, in fact, it may encourage sales.
 * 3) Because of the low resolution, copies could not be used to make illegal copies of the album artwork on another CD.
 * 4) The image is itself a subject of discussion in the article or used in the infobox thereof.
 * 5) The image on the cover is significant because it was made by a famous artist.

Source

 * 1) Derived from a digital capture (scan/photo) of the album/CD cover (creator of this digital version is irrelevant as the copyright in all equivalent images is still held by the same party). Copyright held by the record company or the artist. Claimed as fair use regardless.


text:
Speed the Memorial Best 1335days Dear Friends 2

Speed the Memorial Best 1335days Dear Friends 2 was the last best album (Part 2) of the Japanese J-pop girlband Speed before their official breakup in 2000. This album was released on March 29, 2000.

Track listing

 * 1) "Back to the Street -リトルワールドへの想い-"
 * 2) "All My True Love"
 * 3) "Alive"
 * 4) "Secret Eyes"
 * 5) "Up to You !"
 * 6) "Precious Time"
 * 7) "Too Young (Millennium remix)"
 * 8) "Breakin' Out to the Morning"
 * 9) "Kisetsu ga iku toki (季節がいく時)"
 * 10) "Long Way Home: Single Version"
 * 11) "Starting Over"
 * 12) "Starting Over (reprise): Walk This Way"
 * 13) "April: Theme of "Dear Friends""


text:
Alyeska Resort

Alyeska Resort is a ski resort in the Girdwood area of Anchorage, Alaska, approximately 30 mi from downtown Anchorage. Mount Alyeska is part of the Chugach mountain range and the Alyeska Resort is the largest ski area in the state. It includes the mountaintop Mt. Alyeska Roundhouse, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Facilities and terrain
The Alyeska Ski Corporation was founded in 1954, and the first chairlift and day lodge were opened in 1959. The Roundhouse ski lodge and ski patrol station at the top of the mountain began construction in 1960. It is an octagonal building. Still standing, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as "Mt. Alyeska Roundhouse" in 2003, and now houses a museum to local ski history.

Currently, Alyeska has five chairlifts, one high-speed tram, and two Magic Carpets. Of the five chairlifts, one is co-owned by Alyeska and the Tanaka Foundation (Chair 5). Chairs 6 and 4 are high-speed detachable quads, while Chairs 7 and 3 are normal quads. Chair 4 was updated to a high speed quad in 2012. A sixth chairlift, Chair 1, was removed from service in the summer of 2017.

Chair 4 ends halfway up the mountain. The tram ends three-quarters of the way up the mountain. The interconnected buildings contain the Roundhouse (patrol quarters), and a much newer facility housing the upper tram terminal, a quick-service cafeteria, and the Seven Glaciers 4-star restaurant and bar. At the base of the tram is the modern 300-room Hotel Alyeska.

Chair 6 goes to the highest lift served point on the mountain at 2750 ft. Several areas above Chair 6 are occasionally opened, but require hiking to access. Plans to build a new chair lift higher up the mountain have been announced.

Mount Alyeska is a fairly challenging mountain, and has a much higher percentage of advanced and expert runs, as compared to most other mountains in North America. It has a small section for the novice, but the rest of the mountain is almost entirely for the intermediate and the advanced skiers.

Terrain Aspects
Source:
 * North: 35%
 * West: 40%
 * East: 0%
 * South: 25%

Racing
Alyeska hosted World Cup giant slalom ski races in 1973 for both men and women. Alyeska first hosted the U.S. Alpine Championships in 1963; the championships returned in 1981, 2004, 2007, and 2009.

American Olympic gold medalist Tommy Moe (b. 1970) sharpened his racing skills at Alyeska as a teenager in the 1980s.

New owner
Alyeska was bought in December 2006 by John Byrne III, who says he plans to make many improvements to the resort, concentrating on people who come to ski for the day. Some of the improvements were installing RFID gates at all of the lifts, taking the bubbles off chair 6, because they were vandalized, repainting the tram, and building the only superpipe in Alaska. According to a statement issued October 9, 2018 by the resort's director of marketing, Eric Fullerton, Alyeska Resort has entered into a contract to sell "substantially all of its resort assets" to Pomeroy Lodging.

Climate
Alyeska has a subarctic climate (Köppen: Dfc), with short but mild summers and long, snowy winters. Snowfall is extremely heavy, owing to the Aleutian Low, with an average year getting 209 in of snow at the base (elevation 250 feet above sea level) and an average exceeding 650 in at the top of the Glacier Bowl Express (GBX) chairlift. The record annual snowfall measured at the top of the GBX is 939 in during the 2000–01 season. Precipitation in general is heavy, but is considerably less from late spring to mid- summer. A freeze has been recorded for every month of the year.

title: Alyeska Resort


text:
Tramway Museum Society of Victoria

The Tramway Museum Society of Victoria Incorporated (TMSV) owns a large collection of trams from Melbourne, Ballarat, Geelong, Adelaide, and Sydney as well as preserved buses and other work vehicles.

History
The TMSV was founded in 1962 with the aim of establishing an operational tramway museum. It was believed at this time that Melbourne would follow the other tram systems in Australia and abandon its tram system, which was one of the main reasons for founding the museum. In 1970, the former Station Masters residence on the now closed Bylands railway station situated on the Heathcote Junction to Bendigo railway line, was purchased. The surrounding railway precinct was leased the following year to with the goal to establish a "transport museum". The lease was purchased outright in the mid-1980s.

The museum has 1 km of electric track, which was previously a part of the Heathcote Junction to Bendigo railway line. The museum initially operated a horse tramway, utilising restored and recreated horse tramway carriages. Electric tram services commenced in the mid 1980's and operated until 2009. The Tramway Heritage Centre currently operates as a static museum.

The Tramway Heritage Centre has a tramway electric supply substation, two running sheds, an exhibition shed/workshop - that was used as part of the Melbourne International Exhibition of 1880, various buildings for the storage of un-restored trams, cable tram cars, motor vehicles and a visitors centre.

List of trams
MMTB Trams

L 101, W 220, W1 427, W2 509, W2 568, W2 643, SW2 644, W2 646, W2 650, W3 667, W4 673, SW5 739, W5 782, W5 795, SW5 840, SW6 887, SW6 902, W6 996, W7 1001, X1 467, X2 680, Y 612, Z1 5, PCC 980, Malcolm tram from the movie Malcolm

MMTB works trams

Grinder 1, Bogie tank car 7, Scrubber car 10 (Ex Sydney K 763), Sleeper transport car 15 (Ex Q class 198), Ballast trailer 24

Other Victorian Trams

Prahran & Malvern No. 46, Victorian Railways No.34, Victorian Railways No.52, Ballarat 17, Ballarat 23, Ballarat 36, Geelong 9, Geelong 22, Geelong 40

Interstate trams

Adelaide H 368, Adelaide H 373, Sydney R 1845,

Publications
The Tramway Museum Society of Victoria publishes a quarterly newsletter, Running Journal.

title: Tramway Museum Society of Victoria


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Talk:Hundred Companions

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This article needs more info. Are these Hundred Companions fictional? What fictional franchise do they come from? - realwingus

title: Talk:Hundred Companions


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Karel Bendl

Karel Bendl, or Karl Bendl, pseudonym: Podskalský (16 April 1838, Prague, Bohemia, Austrian Empire – 20 September 1897, Prague) was a Czech composer.

Life
Bendl was born and died in Prague. He studied at the organ school, where he met and befriended Antonín Dvořák one year before graduating with honors in 1858. By then he had already composed a number of small choral works. In 1861 his Poletuje holubice won a prize and at once became a favorite with the local choral societies. In 1864, Bendl went to Brussels, where for a short time he held the post of second conductor of the opera. After visiting Amsterdam and Paris. In Paris, he became influenced by the stage works of Charles Gounod and Ambroise Thomas and especially by Giacomo Meyerbeer.

By 1865, he was back in Prague where he was appointed conductor of the choral society known as , and he held the post until 1879, when Russian (originally from Hamburg), includes  engaged his services for his private band.

Bendl's first opera Lejla was successfully produced in 1868. It was followed by Břetislav a Jitka (1870), Starý ženich, a comic opera (1883), Karel Škréta (1883), Dítě Tábora, a prize opera (1892), and Máti Míla (1891). Other operas by Bendl are Indická princezna, Černohorci, a prize opera, and the two operas Čarovný květ and Gina. His ballad Švanda dudák acquired much popularity; he published a mass in D minor for male voices and another mass for a mixed choir; two songs to "Ave Maria"; a violin sonata and a string quartet Op.119 in F Major; and a quantity of songs and choruses, many of which have come to be regarded as national possessions of Bohemia.

title: Karel Bendl