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User:SunKing

The monicker, The SunKing, was inspired by the one of Louis XIV's own monickers, which was Sun King. It was also inspired by the Aztec designs, which glorify their own "Sun God" or "Sun King", that I saw during my travels to Mexico.

United States Military in the Philippines

 * Camp O'Donnell
 * Clark Air Base
 * Corregidor
 * Crow Valley Range Complex
 * Naval Air Station Cubi Point
 * Fort Stotsenburg
 * John Hay Air Base
 * Mactan Air Base
 * U.S. Naval Radio Facility Bagobantay
 * U.S. Naval Communications Station San Miguel
 * U.S. Naval Station Sangley Point
 * Mount Santa Rita Naval Link Station
 * U.S. Naval Base Subic Bay
 * US Naval Hospital, Subic Bay
 * Wallace Air Station

Lasalliana

 * De La Salle Brothers in the Philippines
 * De La Salle Lipa
 * De La Salle University-Manila
 * De La Salle University-Manila Library
 * DLSU Pops Orchestra
 * De La Salle-Santiago Zobel School
 * De La Salle Junior Archers
 * DLSZ Symphony Orchestra
 * Immaculate Conception College-La Salle
 * Jaime Hilario Integrated School-La Salle
 * John Bosco College
 * La Salle Academy-Iligan
 * Saint Joseph School-La Salle

People

 * Cordero, Miguel Febres
 * Dizon, Rolando Ramos
 * Donato, Rafael
 * Duerr, Richard Henry
 * Graves, Albinus Peter
 * Harty, Jeremiah James
 * Kelly, Egbert Xavier
 * Kilbourn, Antony Ferdinand
 * Lidinsky, Josiah Benedict
 * Luistro, Armin Altamirano
 * Reinhart, Lucian Athanasius

Template

 * Template:User DLSZ

Government of the Philippines

 * Cultural Center of the Philippines
 * Most of the articles linked to the Executive Departments of the Philippines
 * House of Representatives of the Philippines
 * National Artist of the Philippines
 * Seal of the President of the Philippines
 * Senate of the Philippines

Notable Filipinos

 * Arellano, Juan M. de Guzman
 * Celerio, Levi
 * De la Rama, Honorata
 * San Pedro, Lucio

Miscellaneous

 * Members of the CBS Orchestra
 * David Letterman
 * Late Show with David Letterman
 * The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson

The SunKing's Gallery

 * Images

Now I'm just a novice Wikipedian, but it doesn't matter, you're free to edit my writing mercilessly.

title: User:SunKing


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Talk:Jalaun

Untitled

 * The contents require up-dating, which I will surely do some day - at least partially. --Bhadani 08:42, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

Population of Kachhis in Jalaun
As far as I know, there was (may be still) population of Kachhis living in Jalaun with Kachwahas, you forgot to mention. Kachhis and Kachwahas were engaged in agriculture in the British era, most likely. Elekktric (talk) 06:05, 5 July 2018 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Jalaun


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Historical musicology

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was KEEP. -Splash 00:59, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

Historical musicology
This article has nothing to do with the academic discipline of historical musicology

 * Delete - as stated, this information does not relate to historical musicology. Suggest that the text is added to the entries for Techno music and Rave party (note: some of the information is already included in the Techno music article). CLW 08:53, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - this article has now been re-written from scratch and the information is now both relevant and useful CLW 09:29, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete --Jahsonic 11:28, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. The current article is irrelevant. However, there is scope for an article on this topic as it seems to be a valid academic discipline. Capitalistroadster 00:56, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I have rewritten the article to refer to the discipline of historical musicology. Capitalistroadster 05:20, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Although my knowledge of musicology is limited, this looks like a good article. In fact, this article should not have been vfd'd, but just "emptied". I even removed the link to the subject from the music page. My apologies and thank you Capitalistroadster. --Jahsonic 07:03, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. *drew 00:38, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Serpentine

Serpentine may refer to:

Shapes

 * Serpentine shape, a shape resembling a serpent
 * Serpentine curve, a mathematical curve
 * Serpentine, a type of riding figure

Science and nature

 * Serpentine subgroup, a group of minerals
 * Serpentinite, a type of rock
 * Serpentine soil, soil derived from serpentinite
 * Serpentine (alkaloid), a chemical compound
 * Serpentine receptor, a protein in cellular membranes
 * Serpentine powder, a type of gunpowder

Objects

 * Serpentine lock, a component of matchlock muskets
 * Serpentine (cannon), a military weapon
 * Serpentine belt, an automotive component
 * Serpentine streamer, a party accessory

Australia

 * Serpentine, Victoria, Australia, a town
 * Serpentine, Western Australia, a town
 * Serpentine Dam, Tasmania, the dam used to contain Lake Pedder in Tasmania, Australia
 * Serpentine Dam, Western Australia, the water-supply dam for Perth, in Western Australia
 * Serpentine Pipehead Dam, in Western Australia
 * Serpentine Gorge, gorge in the West MacDonnell Ranges in Australia's Northern Territory
 * Serpentine Lakes, salt lakes in the Great Victoria Desert of Australia
 * Serpentine National Park, Western Australia

Elsewhere

 * Serpentine (lake), in London, England
 * La Serpentine, a mountain of the Alps
 * Serpentine Road, in Western Patna, India
 * Serpentine Hot Springs, Alaska

Music

 * Serpentine (Flowing Tears album), a 2002 goth metal album by Flowing Tears
 * Serpentine (Han Bennink and Dave Douglas album), 1996
 * "Serpentine" (song), a 2011 country song by Tiffany
 * Serpentines (Ingrid Laubrock album), a 2016 album
 * A 2010 alternative metal song by Disturbed on Asylum
 * A 2006 pop electronica song by Kate Havnevik on Melankton
 * A 2006 electronica song by My My on A Bugged Out Mix
 * A 2002 pop song by the Norwegian band Motorpsycho
 * A 2009 synthpop song by Peaches on I Feel Cream
 * A 1987 indie rock song by Yo La Tengo on New Wave Hot Dogs

Other uses

 * Serpentine system, in structuring competitions
 * Serpentine (book), a 2020 fantasy story by Philip Pullman
 * Serpentine (1979) book by Thomas Thompson (American author)
 * Serpentine (horse), racehorse winner of the 2020 Epsom Derby
 * Serpentine (Ninjago), a fictional race in Ninjago
 * Serpentine (video game), a 1982 action game made for the Apple II

title: Serpentine


text:
Pyrazole

Pyrazole is an organic compound of azole group with the formula C3H3N2H. It is a heterocycle characterized by a 5-membered ring of three carbon atoms and two adjacent nitrogen atoms, which are in ortho-substitution. Pyrazole is a weak base, with pKb 11.5 (pKa of the conjugate acid 2.49 at 25 °C). Pyrazoles are also a class of compounds that have the ring C3N2 with adjacent nitrogen atoms. Notable drugs containing a pyrazole ring are celecoxib (celebrex) and the anabolic steroid stanozolol.

Preparation and reactions
Pyrazoles are synthesized by the reaction of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes with hydrazine and subsequent dehydrogenation:

 * Pyrazoles synthesis.png

Substituted pyrazoles are prepared by condensation of 1,3-diketones with hydrazine (Knorr-type reactions). For example, acetylacetone and hydrazine gives 3,5-dimethylpyrazole:
 * CH3C(O)CH2C(O)CH3  +   N2H4   →   (CH3)2C3HN2H   +   2 H2O

History
The term pyrazole was given to this class of compounds by German Chemist Ludwig Knorr in 1883. In a classical method developed by German chemist Hans von Pechmann in 1898, pyrazole was synthesized from acetylene and diazomethane.

Conversion to scorpionates
Pyrazoles react with potassium borohydride to form a class of ligands known as scorpionate. Pyrazole itself reacts with potassium borohydride at high temperatures (~200 °C) to form a tridentate ligand known as Tp ligand:

 * Potassium scorpionate.svg

3,5-Diphenyl-1H-pyrazole
3,5-Diphenyl-1H-pyrazole is produced when (E)-1,3-diphenylprop-2-en-1-one is reacted with hydrazine hydrate in the presence of elemental sulfur or sodium persulfate, or by using a hydrazone in which case an azine is produced as a by-product.

 * Lasri condensation reaction.svg

Occurrence and uses
In 1959, the first natural pyrazole, 1-pyrazolyl-alanine, was isolated from seeds of watermelons.

In medicine, derivatives of pyrazole are widely used, including celecoxib and similar COX-2 inhibitors, zaleplon, betazole, and CDPPB.

The pyrazole ring is found within a variety of pesticides as fungicides, insecticides and herbicides, including fenpyroximate, fipronil, tebufenpyrad and tolfenpyrad. Pyrazole moieties are listed among the highly used ring systems for small molecule drugs by the US FDA
 * Pyrazole SDHI intermediate.svg

3-(Difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid is used in the manufacture of six commercial fungicides which are inhibitors of succinate dehydrogenase.

title: Pyrazole


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Michio Suzuki (mathematician)

Michio Suzuki (鈴木 通夫) was a Japanese mathematician who studied group theory.

Biography
He was a professor at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign from 1953 to his death. He also had visiting positions at the University of Chicago (1960–61), the Institute for Advanced Study (1962–63, 1968–69, spring 1981), the University of Tokyo (spring 1971), and the University of Padua (1994). Suzuki received his Ph.D. in 1952 from the University of Tokyo, despite having moved to the United States the previous year. He was the first to attack the Burnside conjecture, that every finite non-abelian simple group has even order.

A notable achievement was his discovery in 1960 of the Suzuki groups, an infinite family of the only non-abelian simple groups whose order is not divisible by 3. The smallest, of order 29120, was the first simple group of order less than 1 million to be discovered since Dickson's list of 1900.

He classified several classes of simple groups of small rank, including the CIT-groups and C-groups and CA-groups.

There is also a sporadic simple group called the Suzuki group, which he announced in 1968. The Tits ovoid is also referred to as the Suzuki ovoid.

He wrote several textbooks in Japanese.

title: Michio Suzuki (mathematician)


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Bronx Park

Bronx Park is a public park along the Bronx River, in the Bronx, New York City. The park is bounded by Southern Boulevard to the southwest, Webster Avenue to the northwest, Gun Hill Road to the north, Bronx Park East to the east, and East 180th Street to the south. With an area of 718 acre, Bronx Park is the eighth-largest park in New York City.

Founded in the late 1880s, Bronx Park is the location of the New York Botanical Garden and the Bronx Zoo, which respectively occupy much of the northern and southern portions of the park. Fordham Road runs east–west between the zoo and botanical garden, bisecting Bronx Park, while the Bronx River Parkway runs north–south near the eastern edge. The park is operated by the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation.

History
The land for Bronx Park was acquired with funds authorized by the 1884 New Parks Act, which was intended to preserve lands that would soon become part of New York City. Much of the land was acquired from Fordham University, which gave away the land on the condition that it be used as a zoo and botanical garden. Other sections were obtained from the family of Pierre Lorillard, who operated the Lorillard Snuff Mill in what is now the New York Botanical Garden within the northern section of Bronx Park. The snuff mill, a National Historic Landmark, still remains and is the oldest existing tobacco manufacturing building in the United States. Land was also acquired from the Lydig family, another prominent local family, who had bought it from the DeLanceys, yet another local family.

The original 640 acre were acquired in 1888–1889. The northernmost 250 acre were allocated in 1891 to the New York Botanical Society. Another 261 acre were allocated in 1897 to the New York Zoological Society. An additional 66 acre were acquired in 1906, at the southeast end of the park; this area is now known as Ranaqua, where the Parks headquarters is located.

Attractions and facilities
Much of Bronx Park is taken up by the Bronx Zoo and New York Botanical Garden, both of which are private entities. However, the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation (NYC Parks) still pays for some of the maintenance costs. According to NYC Parks, Bronx Park is 718 acre, making it the third-largest park in the Bronx and the eighth-largest park in the city. However, another measurement in the Encyclopedia of New York City places the park as only being 662 acre in area.

As originally stipulated in the New Parks Act, Bronx Park is the center of a system of parks across the Bronx. Mosholu Parkway runs to Van Cortlandt Park in the northwest, while Pelham Parkway runs to Pelham Bay Park in the east, and Southern Boulevard/Crotona Parkway runs to Crotona Park in the south. The park is crossed by a road connecting Fordham Road to the west and Pelham Parkway to the east. Adjacent neighborhoods include Pelham Parkway to the east, West Farms to the south, and Belmont to the west.

Zoo and botanical garden
The New York Botanical Garden is located on the northern side of Bronx Park, west of the Bronx River Parkway. It was founded by the New York Botanical Society in 1891. The botanical garden covers 250 acres in total. Much of this is the former grounds of the Lorillard estate, although the garden also includes a parcel that was formerly the easternmost portion of the campus of St. John's College (now Fordham University). The Botanical Garden contains more than a million living plants on its grounds, as well as the LuEsther T. Mertz Library and the Enid A. Haupt Conservatory. Since 1967, the Botanical Garden has been a National Historic Landmark.

The Bronx Zoo is located on the southern side of Bronx Park, west of the Bronx River Parkway. Founded by the New York Zoological Society, it first opened on November 8, 1899. The zoo covers 265 acre, making it among the United States' largest urban zoos. The zoo contains about 4,000 animals from 600 species. The Bronx Zoo has several landmarked features, including the Rainey Memorial Gates at the Fordham Road entrance, which is a New York City designated landmark and a National Register of Historic Places listing.

Other facilities
The eastern section of Bronx Park contains several recreational facilities that mainly serve the neighborhoods to its east. These include areas for baseball, basketball, bocce, football, handball, soccer, and tennis. There are also hiking trails, kayaking sites, playgrounds, a skate park, and spray showers. Of the seven playgrounds in Bronx Park, four are located on Bronx Park East or Bronx River Parkway: Ben Abrams Playground, Brady Playground, Waring Playground, and Rosewood Playground. The park also has three bicycle paths; the longest is a north–south path on Bronx River Parkway, but bikeways also run northwest along Mosholu Parkway and east along Pelham Parkway.

The northern section of Bronx Park is classified by NYC Parks as a Forever Wild nature preserve. The preserve occupies 35 acre and is permanently closed off to development. The preserve is mainly composed of a floodplain forest with eastern hemlock and hardwoods, through which several walking trails run. The forest is believed to be the only woodland in New York City that has never been cleared. In addition, there is another set of ballfields called the Allerton Avenue Ballfields adjacent to the preserve. The ballfields are named after Daniel Allerton, an early Bronx settler, and consist of three baseball fields and a comfort station. The Bronx Skate Park is located nearby on Bronx Park East between Allerton Avenue and Britton Street, near the northeast corner of Bronx Park. Two playgrounds, French Charley's Playground and Frisch Field, are also adjacent to the northern section of Bronx Park.

The southeast section, known as Ranaqua, is used as NYC Parks' Bronx headquarters. The name is an Algonquin (Delaware) word for "End Place", the original name of the peninsula that was sold in 1639 to the Bronx's namesake Jonas Bronck. The current brick buildings that comprise Ranaqua were built in the 1930s as part of a Works Progress Administration project.

The southwest corner of Bronx Park contains River Park, a small park and playground that overlooks the Bronx River south of the zoo. The park is located just south of the 182nd Street Dam, a small cascade on the river.

The park has five entrances:
 * Main Entrance: at 2900 Southern Boulevard
 * Mosholu Entrance: 2950 Southern Boulevard
 * Bedford Park Gate: at the corner of Southern Boulevard and Bedford Park Boulevard
 * Everett Garden Gate: on Southern Boulevard
 * East Gate: at the corner of Waring Avenue and Bronx Park East

River
The main watercourse in Bronx Park is the Bronx River, which flows southward from Westchester County to the East River, running for 2 mi through the park. The section of river within the park is for the most part a natural watercourse. The river hosts a diverse ecosystem with a hardwood swamp and floodplain forest composed of red maple trees. A number of tributaries run into the river from both the New York Botanical Garden and the Bronx Zoo. The river, once a heavily polluted waterway, was cleaned up in the late 20th century due to an effort led by the Bronx River Alliance. The Mitsubishi Riverwalk, a free public trail along the Bronx River that opened in 2004, runs along the eastern bank of the river within the Bronx Zoo's Boston Road parking lot.

There are three waterfalls in Bronx Park. The first is a cascade near the Lorillard Snuff Mill. To the south is a waterfall of pink granite, about 12 ft high, located slightly upstream of the Boston Road entrance to the zoo. At this location, there is a small island that splits the waterfall into two cascades. A third waterfall is the 182nd Street Dam near River Park. It was formerly used by the DeLancey family, which operated a farm in what is now the Wild Asia section of the Bronx Zoo, but now consists of a Fordham gneiss dam with a fish ladder. As such, the 182nd Street Dam was known as Delancey's Falls, and also as Lydig's Falls after another local family.

Lakes
Within Bronx Park, there are two large lakes of note along the Bronx River. South of Fordham Road, the river widens into a small lake called Lake Agassiz, which is fed by two streams within the zoo. The lake was described as being 6 acre in the early 20th century, although in 1971, 3 acre of Lake Agassiz were taken by land reclamation for a new bison "prairie" in the Bronx Zoo.

A larger lake, the 25 acre Bronx Lake, is located south of Lake Agassiz and stretches for nearly 1 mi through the zoo. It was previously used for boating, and a 1912 New York Times article mentioned that over 46,000 people had used boats in the lake in 1911. The Bronx Lake used to have a boathouse north of the 182nd Street Dam, but it was demolished after the 1950s. In 1983, the JungleWorld exhibit in the Bronx Zoo was built atop the site of the boathouse.

In addition, there are several ponds not connected to the river. Cope Lake, located near the Fordham Road entrance to the Bronx Zoo, is a pond that predates the zoo. In the mid-20th century it became used by pelicans. However, the pelicans were moved to an indoor exhibit inside the zoo in the 1990s. In 2009, the Center for Global Conservation opened on the lake. Another pond, Twin Lake, is located at the northern portion of Bronx Park, next to the Pfizer Lab in the New York Botanical Garden. It is popularly known as French Charley's after a restaurant located there in the 19th century. The scenic ponds were formerly a public area, but were confiscated by the botanical garden, causing an uproar on the part of the local community. The lakes had previously been a very popular winter ice skating venue, with free access.

title: Bronx Park


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Philippine literature in English

Philippine literature in English has its roots in the efforts of the United States, then engaged in a war with Filipino nationalist forces at the end of the 19th century. By 1901, public education was institutionalized in the Philippines, with English serving as the medium of instruction. That year, around 600 educators in the S.S. Thomas (the "Thomasites") were tasked to replace the soldiers who had been serving as the first teachers. Outside the academe, the wide availability of reading materials, such as books and newspapers in English, helped Filipinos assimilate the language quickly. Today, 78.53% of the population can understand or speak English (see List of countries by English-speaking population).

The Commonwealth Period
The founding of Silliman University by Presbyterian missionaries and the Philippine Normal School (PNS) in 1901 and the University of the Philippines (U.P.) in 1908, as well as of English newspapers like the Daily Bulletin (1900), The Cablenews (1902), and the Philippines Free Press (1905), helped boost English usage. The first ten years of the century witnessed the first verse and prose efforts of Filipinos in student publications such as The Filipino Students’ Magazine first issue, 1905, a short-lived quarterly published in Berkeley, California, by Filipino pensionados (or government scholars); the U.P. College Folio (first issue, 1910); The Coconut of the Manila High School (first issue, 1912); and The Torch of the PNS (first issue, 1913).

However, the beginnings of anything resembling a professional market for writing in English would not be realized until the 1920s with the founding of other newspapers and magazines like the Philippines Herald in 1920, the Philippine Education Magazine in 1924 (renamed Philippine Magazine in 1928), and later the Manila Tribune, the Graphic, Woman's Outlook, and Woman's Home Journal. The publications helped introduce the reading public to the works of Paz Márquez-Benítez, José García Villa, Loreto Paras, Luis Dato, and Casiano Calalang, among others. Cash incentives were given to writers in 1921 when the Free Press started to pay for published contributions and awarded ₱1,000 for the best stories. The organization in 1925 of the Philippine Writers Association and in 1927 of the University of the Philippines National Writers Workshop, which put out the Literary Apprentice, also helped encourage literary production. In 1939, the Philippine Writers League was put up by politically conscious writers, intensifying their debate with those in the "art for art's sake" school of Villa.

Among the significant publications of this fertile period were:
 * Filipino Poetry (1924) by Rodolfo Dato;
 * Manila A Collection of Verse (1926) by Luis Dato
 * English-German Anthology of Filipino Poets (1934) by Pablo Laslo;
 * José García Villa's Many Voices (1939) and Poems of Doveglion (1941);
 * Poems (1940) by Angela Manalang-Gloria;
 * Chorus for America: Six Philippine Poets (1942) by Carlos Bulosan;
 * Zoilo Galang's A Child of Sorrow (1921), the first Filipino novel in English, and Box of Ashes and Other Stories (1925), the first collection of stories in book form;
 * Villa’s Footnote to Youth: Tales of the Philippines and Others (1933);
 * "The Wound and the Scar" (1937) by Arturo Rotor, a collection of stories;
 * "Winds of April" (1940) by N. V. M. Gonzalez;
 * "His Native Soil" (1941) by Juan C. Laya;
 * Manuel Arguilla's "How My Brother Leon Brought Home a Wife and Other Stories" (1941);
 * Galang's "Life and Success" (1921), the first volume of essays in English; and
 * the influential "Literature and Society" (1940) by Salvador P. López.

Dramatic writing took a backseat due to the popularity of Filipino vaudeville (bodabil) and Tagalog movies, although it was kept alive by the playwright Wilfredo Ma. Guerrero.

The post-war period
During the Japanese occupation, when Tagalog was favored by the Japanese military authority, writing in English was consigned to limbo, since most of the English writers were forced to write in Tagalog or joined in the underground and wrote English stories based on the battles to serve as propaganda pieces in boosting the morale of the guerrillas. It picked up after the war, however, with a fervor and drive for excellence that continue to this day. Stevan Javellana's "Without Seeing the Dawn" (1947), the first postwar novel in English, was published in the United States. In 1946, the Barangay Writers Project was founded to help publish books in English..

Against a background marked by political unrest and government battles with Hukbalahap guerrillas, writers in English in the postwar period honed their sense of craft and techniques. Among the writers who came into their own during this time were, among many others:

 * Carlos Bulosan (1913–1956)
 * Linda Ty Casper (b. 1931)
 * Gilda Cordero-Fernando (b. 1932)
 * Amador Daguio
 * Ricaredo Serrano
 * N. V. M. Gonzalez (1915–1999)
 * Sinai C. Hamada
 * Alejandrino Hufana
 * Dominador Ilio
 * Nick Joaquin (1917–2004)
 * F. Sionil José (1924–2022)
 * Virginia Moreno (b. 1925)
 * Peter Solis Nery (b. 1969)
 * Vicente Rivera Jr.
 * Alejandro R. Roces (1924–2011)
 * Bienvenido Santos (1911–1996)
 * Abelardo and Tarrosa Subido
 * Edilberto K. Tiempo (1913–1996)
 * Kerima Polotan Tuvera (1925–2011)
 * Manuel A. Viray
 * Raul Rafael R. Ingles
 * Oscar de Zuñiga

Fresh from studies in American universities, usually as Fulbright or Rockefeller scholars, a number of these writers introduced New Criticism to the country and applied its tenets in literature classes and writing workshops. In this way were born the Silliman National Writers Workshop.

Literary awards and competitions
In 1940, the first Commonwealth Literary Awards were given by President Manuel L. Quezon to Salvador P. Lopez for "Literature and Society" (essay), Manuel Arguilla for "How My Brother Leon Brought Home a Wife and Other Stories" (short story), R. Zulueta da Costa for "Like the Molave" (poetry), and Juan C. Laya for "His Native Soil" (novel).

Government recognition of literary merit came in the form of the Republic Cultural Heritage Awards (1960), the Pro Patria Awards for Literature (1961), and the National Artist Awards (1973). Only the last of these three awards survives today. Writers in English who have received the National Artist award include: Jose Garcia Villa (1973), Nick Joaquin (1976), Carlos P. Romulo (1982), Francisco Arcellana (1990), N. V. M. Gonzalez, Rolando Tinio (1997), Edith L. Tiempo, (2000), F. Sionil José (2003), and Bienvenido Lumbera (2006).

A select group of local writers have also received the international Magsaysay Award, namely, F. Sionil José, Nick Joaquin and Bienvenido Lumbera.

Contemporary Writers
Despite the lack of a professional writer's market, poetry and fiction in English continue to thrive and be written with sophistication and insight. Among the fictionists of recent years are:

 * Dean Francis Alfar
 * Cecilia Manguerra Brainard
 * Linda Ty Casper
 * Ian Casocot
 * Erwin Castillo
 * Gilbert Luis R. Centina III
 * Jose Dalisay Jr.
 * Leoncio Deriada
 * Buenaventura S. Medina Jr.
 * Antonio Enriquez
 * Eric Gamalinda
 * Vicente Garcia Groyon
 * Amadis Ma. Guerrero
 * Cristina Pantoja - Hidalgo
 * F. Sionil José
 * Luis Joaquin Katigbak
 * Ma. Francezca Kwe
 * Angelo Rodriguez Lacuesta
 * Susan Lara
 * Jaime An Lim
 * Issh Gajo
 * Carmelo S.J. Juinio
 * Rosario Cruz Lucero
 * Renato Madrid
 * Jesus Q. Cruz
 * Resil Mojares
 * Timothy Montes
 * Peter Solis Nery
 * Wilfredo Nolledo
 * Charlson Ong
 * Ninotchka Rosca
 * Menchu Aquino Sarmiento
 * Lakambini Sitoy
 * Katrina Tuvera
 * Alfred A. Yuson
 * Jessica Zafra

Poets include:

 * Jolico Cuadra
 * Luis Francia
 * Gemino Abad
 * Alexis Abola
 * Merlie Alunan
 * Cirilo Bautista
 * Gilbert Luis R. Centina III
 * Salvador Bernal
 * Hilario Francia
 * José Wendell Capili
 * F. Jordan Carnice
 * Elsa Coscoluella
 * Ricardo de Ungria
 * Lourd Ernest De Veyra
 * Ophelia Alcantara Dimalanta
 * Simeon Dumdum, Jr.
 * Federico Licsi Espino Jr.
 * Marjorie Evasco
 * J. Neil C. Garcia
 * Ramil Digal Gulle
 * Ma. Luisa Igloria
 * Mookie Katigbak
 * Marne Kilates
 * Emmanuel Lacaba
 * Paolo Manalo
 * Peter Solis Nery
 * Danton Remoto
 * Angelo Suarez
 * Ramon Sunico
 * Juaniyo Arcellana
 * Anthony Tan
 * Joel Toledo
 * Emmanuel Torres
 * Naya Valdellon
 * Edwin Cordevilla
 * Clovis Nazareno

title: Philippine literature in English


text:
Anemone coronaria

Anemone coronaria, the poppy anemone, Spanish marigold, or windflower, is a species of flowering plant in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae, native to the Mediterranean region.

Description
Anemone coronaria is a herbaceous perennial tuberous plant growing to 20-40 cm tall, rarely to 60 cm, spreading to 15-23 cm, with a basal rosette of a few leaves, the leaves with three leaflets, each leaflet deeply lobed. The flowers which bloom from April to June are borne singly on a tall stem with a whorl of small leaves just below the flower; the flower is 3–8 cm in diameter, with 5–8 red (but may be white or blue) showy petal-like tepals and a black centre. The pollen is dry, has an unsculpted exine, is less than 40 nm in diameter, and is usually deposited within 1.5 m of its source. This central mound consists of tightly packed pistils in the centre, with a crown-like ring of stamens surrounding this, giving the species its specific epithet coronaria. The flowers produce 200–300 seeds. The plants form hard black tubers as storage organs.

Aside from its flowers resembling poppies, the red single wild form flowers resemble the flowers of the red single wild form of Ranunculus asiaticus.

Taxonomy
Within the genus Anemone, A. coronaria is placed within subgenus Anemone, section Anemone, subsection Anemone and is one of five species making up series Anemone, together with A. hortensis L., A. palmata L. , A. pavonina Lam. and A. somaliensis Hepper. Within the series A. coronaria is sister to A. somaliensis. This series is a clade of Mediterranean tuberous anemones. It is also the type species for the subgenus.

Etymology
Anemone coronaria means crown anemone, referring to the central crown of the flower, evoking regal associations. The Arabic name is shaqa'iq An-Nu'man translated literally as the wounds, or "pieces", of Nu'man. One possible source of the name traces back to the Sumerian god of food and vegetation, Tammuz, whose Phoenician epithet was "Nea'man". Tammuz is generally considered to have been drawn into the Greek pantheon as Adonis, who died of his wounds while hunting wild boar. The deity is transformed into a flower, stained by the blood of Adonis. Tammuz's Phoenician epithet "Nea'man" is believed to be both the source of "an-Nu'man" in Arabic which came through Syriac, and of "anemone" which came through Greek. Another possible source of the name is An-Nu'man III Bin Al-Munthir, the last Lakhmid king of Al-Hirah (582-c.609 AD) and a Christian Arab. An-Nu'man is known to have protected the flowers during his reign. According to myth, the flower thrived on An-Nu'man's grave, paralleling the death and rebirth of Adonis.

In Hebrew, the anemone is kalanit metzuya. "Kalanit" comes from the Hebrew word "kala כלה" which means "bride", "metzuya" means "common." The kalanit earned its name because of its beauty and majesty, evoking a bride on her wedding day. In 2013 Anemone coronaria was elected as the national flower of the State of Israel, in a poll arranged by the Society for the Protection of Nature in Israel (החברה להגנת הטבע) and Ynet. Each year in Israel there is a month-long festival to celebrate the blooming of the red anemones. During the British Mandate for Palestine, British paratroopers were nicknamed "kalaniyot" for their red berets.

It is also symbol of Palestinians, with its colors evoking the Palestinian flag.

Distribution and habitat
Mediterranean littoral, from Greece, Albania, southern Turkey and Syria to the Sinai Peninsula with sporadic extension east to Iran and west along the Mediterranean shores of Italy, southern France and North Africa.

Ecology
In the wild, A. coronaria is winter flowering and cross pollinated by bees, flies and beetles, which can carry pollen over long distances.

Cultivation
Anemone coronaria was introduced into England prior to 1596, being described in Thomas Johnson's edition of John Gerard's Herball, first published in 1597 and was popular during the time of Queen Elizabeth I. By the beginning of the eighteenth century, breeders in France and Italy had already considerably improved the range of colours available.

Anemone coronaria is widely grown for its decorative flowers, and has a hardiness of USDA zones 7–10, preferring full sun to part shade. Although perennial in its native climate, A. coronaria is usually grown as an annual in cooler climates, from tubers. Planting is usually in the autumn if kept in pots in a greenhouse through the winter or in the ground in spring once the risk of frost has passed.

Cultivars
Modern cultivars have very large flowers, with diameters of 8–10 cm and a wide range of bright and pastel colours, in addition to two toned varieties. The centre is usually black, but may be pale green in white varieties. Stems may be as tall as 40–50 cm, and each plant may produce 13–15 blooms.

Numerous cultivars have been selected and named, the most popular including the De Caen (single) and St Brigid (semi-double and double) groups of cultivars. The De Caen group are hybrids cultivated in the districts of Caen and Bayeux in France in the 18th century, and include 'Bicolor' (red with white), 'Blue Poppy' (blue), 'Mr Fokker' (purple), 'Sylphide' (deep pink) and 'The Bride' (white). Referred to as poppy anemones because they closely resemble the true poppy (Papaveroideae). St. Brigid cultivars originated in Ireland, and named after that county's saint, they include 'Lord Lieutenant' (purple blue) and 'The Governor' (red). In addition to these large groups, there are two minor groups, Rissoana which is very rustic and early blooming (November) and Grassensis with large double flowers that bloom in the spring.

title: Anemone coronaria


text:
Talk:Community garden

Definition in UK
This definition is not quite correct for the UK. There is a perceived difference here between 'Community gardens' (run by non-profit organisations, who may or may not allocate plots to individuals, but who usually undertake a great deal of planting and maintenance themselves) and 'allotments' (or 'allotment gardening') as the article says - these are plots usually allocated to individuals by local authorities, who do not themselves undertake planting and maintenance - the 'allotment gardening' article makes this clear.

Fuzzily put, too, UK community gardens are generally in built-up areas and often fulfill roles as park space and play areas. Allotments are more usually on the edge of town and are not generally regarded as public open space. This distinction is not hard and fast, however.

Yes, I know I can edit it, but will try for a genuinely clear definition of Community Gardens in a UK context, so will do this later. Tarquin Binary 08:54, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

Oh, and just to add an annoying extra, we also have something called a 'city park' in the UK, this being purely intended as collectively or cooperatively run open space (though it may be indirectly financed by local government). It gets muddy because an area can be defined as being both a community garden and a city park - it will be the latter, even if it allows planting by members, if there is unrestricted access for the general public...

Tarquin Binary 09:03, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

OK, I've added a section clarifying the status of this term in the UK. I've left the earlier section, inasmuch as it applies to the rest of the world, intact, except for removing UK from the 'allotment gardening' link-up.

Tarquin Binary 13:59, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

gardenmaster
Removed the link to gardenmaster's user page, as this is being deplored elsewhere. For the record, original entry was from gardenmaster 03:22, 2 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Tarquin Binary 14:22, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

List of...
Rather than secions for every city in the main article, I think we have enough to start a "List of..." article. Thoughts? Rklawton 14:47, 16 June 2007 (UTC)

Agree It seems that there are more and more gardens being added and a seperate list makes more sense to me. This will ensure that the article retains focus on Community Gardens per se.HelloMojo 10:27, 17 June 2007 (UTC)

Agree Hey Guys. I'm interested in helping to clean this up. There is also a page started at Community_gardening. I think it makes sense to start at the top of the article with the general and move down to more specific. Also, some of this doesn't seem to be NPOV...we may want to watch the tone and wordings.--Ryandwayne 20:30, 1 November 2007 (UTC)

Okay, made a move
There were two pages being created...Community Garden and Community Gardening. Since they were basically the same content/scope I decided to make a merge without consensus, assuming this wasn't controversial. --Ryandwayne 20:51, 1 November 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Community garden


text:
Medetbek Kerimkulov

Medetbek Temirbekovich Kerimkulov (Медетбек Темирбекович Керимкулов; born January 28, 1949) was the First Deputy Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan between December 2005 and June 2006, when he became Minister for Industry, Trade, and Tourism. He resigned from this position in February 2007.

He was the acting Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan for twenty days in 2005. He had previously been Mayor of Bishkek.

title: Medetbek Kerimkulov


text:
Isaac Penington (Quaker)

Isaac Penington (1616–1679) was one of the early members of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) in England. He wrote about the Quaker movement and was an influential promoter and defender of it.

Life
He was the oldest son of Isaac Penington, a Puritan who had served as the Lord Mayor of London. He entered the Inner Temple in 1634, and matriculated at St Catharine's College, Cambridge in 1637. He was called to the bar in 1639.

Convinced by the Quaker faith, Penington and his wife joined the Society of Friends in 1657 or 1658. He was imprisoned six times for his beliefs, starting in 1661. Sometimes the charge was refusal to take an oath, as this went against Quaker teachings (see testimony of integrity). Such action was prohibited by the Quakers Act 1662, which sought to control members of the group. At other times Penington was charged with attending a Quaker meeting, which was forbidden by the Conventicle Act 1664.

Works
Penington became an influential promoter and defender of the Quaker movement, writing extensively on many topics, and published several books. His writings are prized for their exploration of spiritual experience, with his Letters being read continually within Quakerism for their spiritual counsel. His complete works were first published in 1681 and are still in print as of 2024.

Family
Penington married a widow named Mary Springett, a notable woman in her own right, and they had five children. Her daughter Gulielma, from her first marriage to Sir William Springett (who died young), later married William Penn, founder of Pennsylvania, as his first wife.

title: Isaac Penington (Quaker)


text:
Yo Oizumi

Yo Oizumi (大泉 洋) is a Japanese actor, comedian, television personality and voice actor. He is a member of the theatrical and musical unit TEAM NACS, and is represented by Creative Office Cue. His wife Kumiko Nakajima is a drama producer at Fuji TV.

In 1995, while still in university, Oizumi debuted as an entertainer on the late-night program Mosaic nights aired in Hokkaidō. He first gained popularity on the television series How Do You Like Wednesday?, and has since expanded to various fields of entertainment, such as television dramas, films, voice acting and music.

Early life and career beginnings
Oizumi was born at the Ebetsu City Hospital in Ebetsu, Hokkaidō. He has been living in Sapporo since 1984. After graduating Sapporo Moiwa High School, he failed his entrance exams and did nothing but "play around".

After failing his entrance exams two years in a row, in 1994, he entered the Hokkai Gakuen University to study business. Oizumi did not wish to enter the university, and was so depressed that his mother worried that "he might die". However, realizing that he cannot just let himself rot away, he entered the university's theater club. In 1996, he organized the theatrical company TEAM NACS with his friends, Hiroyuki Morisaki, Ken Yasuda, Shigeyuki Totsugi, Takuma Oto'o. The company disbanded after Morisaki and Yasuda graduated, but reunited after the two quit their jobs to join again.

In 1995, through the recommendation of Totsugi and Morisaki, Oizumi joined the Inada Troupe organized by Hiroshi Inada, and was a member until 2004. According to Oizumi, Inada taught him "how to stand on the stage".

Career
In October 1995, when Oizumi was still in university, he debuted as an entertainer through his portrayal of 2nd generation Genki-kun on the late-night program Mosaic nights aired on HTB. He was chosen after the program staff were searching for Mamoru Tanaka, the original Genki-kun, and Oizumi was introduced to the director by Ito Ayumi, the wife of Takayuki Suzui. Oizumi joined the entertainment agency Creative Office Cue directly after this.

Oizumi first made a name for himself in a Hokkaidō-based TV variety series How do you like Wednesday? and has been actively appearing on various media programs in Hokkaidō since then. TEAM-NACS had run their first national tour with their 11th original play COMPOSER during spring and summer 2005. After this, they held their 12th tour HONOR in Tokyo, Osaka and Sapporo, through March to May 2007. In 2007, he provided the voice of Professor Hershel Layton in the puzzle video game Professor Layton and the Curious Village as well as its sequels and movie.

Along with the increasing popularity of How do you like Wednesday? and TEAM-NACS not only within Hokkaidō but throughout Japan, he expanded his works in various fields by appearing on nationwide TV dramas and films, portraying character voices on animated films and releasing CDs as a singer. In addition to voice acting, he has also been active as a writer and painter.

He calls his fans "Koneko chan tachi", which means "kittens" in Japanese, although he does not like cats.

Private life
On May 30, 2011, he became the father of a baby girl. On his website he joked saying, "Today I successfully became a father!"

Variety shows

 * How do you like Wednesday? (水曜どうでしょう,1996~2002, Hokkaidō Television Broadcasting)
 * Onigiri Atatamemasuka (おにぎりあたためますか,2003~,Hokkaidō Television Broadcasting)
 * Hanatare NACS (ハナタレナックス,2003~,Hokkaidō Television Broadcasting)
 * Ippachi ikouyo (1×8いこうよ,2000~, Sapporo Television Broadcasting)
 * Songs (2017~, NHK)

Video games

 * Professor Layton and the Curious Village (2007) – Professor Layton
 * Professor Layton and the Diabolical Box (2007) – Professor Layton
 * Professor Layton and the Unwound Future (2008) – Professor Layton
 * Professor Layton and the Last Specter (2009) – Professor Layton
 * Ni No Kuni (2010) – Swaine
 * Professor Layton and the Miracle Mask (2011) – Professor Layton
 * Professor Layton vs. Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney (2012) – Professor Layton
 * Professor Layton and the Azran Legacy (2013) – Professor Layton
 * Professor Layton and the New World of Steam (2025) – Professor Layton

Others

 * 66th NHK Kōhaku Uta Gassen (2015, NHK), judge
 * 71st NHK Kōhaku Uta Gassen (2020, NHK), the white team captain
 * The Masked Singer Japan (2021, Amazon Prime Video), MC
 * 72nd NHK Kōhaku Uta Gassen (2021, NHK), host
 * 73rd NHK Kōhaku Uta Gassen (2022, NHK), host

Discography

 * "Today's Soup" (本日のスープ, duet song with Stardust Revue in 2004)
 * "Not Get Up Guy" (起きないあいつ, duet song with Shigeyuki Totsugi in 2004)

title: Yo Oizumi


text:
Hornavan

Hornavan is a lake in northern Sweden. Located in Arjeplog Municipality in the province of Swedish Lapland, administratively known as Norrbotten County, it is the deepest lake in Sweden at 221 m. Being a high mountain lake downstream from the source of the Skellefte River, the deepest point of the lake basin is still located 204 m above sea level. Due to the cold subarctic climate of the area, it always freezes over for several months of the year in spite of its depth.

Geography
It is situated in the Scandinavian mountain range, at a height of 425 m. The town of Arjeplog is located on its south-western shore. The lake then extends 70 km northwest up to the town of Jäckvik, containing about 400 islets, many of which have distinguishable flora and fauna. Research on the ecosystems comparing the larger islands with smaller islets in Hornavan and Uddjaur are popular due to their unpolluted environment, and have yielded. In June 2005 an international study was published in Nature entitled Effects of species and functional group loss on island ecosystem properties.

On its southern end, the lake attaches with the lake Uddjaure.

The surface area fluctuates between 220 and 283 km2, but some sources give it as constant 251 km2; in any case, it is the eighth largest lake in Sweden. With a largest depth of 221 m it is also the deepest.

The lake has been cultivated for water power. Hornavan, like all lakes in Arjeplog Municipality, has drinkable water.

Fishing
Hornavan has 5 native species of whitefish: Coregonus pallasii, Coregonus megalops, Coregonus maxillaris, Coregonus nelssonii and Coregonus widegreni (the latter known under the name Valaam), with a sixth, Coregonus maraena, introduced in the 1940s. Trolling for trout in the lake is also popular.

title: Hornavan


text:
Philippe Gaumont

Philippe Gaumont (22 February 1973 – 17 May 2013) was a French professional road racing cyclist. He earned a bronze medal in the 1992 Summer Olympics, 100 km team time trial. In 1997 he won the Belgian classic Gent–Wevelgem and he was twice individual pursuit French national champion, in 2000 and 2002. In 2004, Gaumont quit professional cycling and later ran a café in Amiens.

Gaumont was well known for having confessed to extensive doping and explaining many tricks of the trade. Gaumont gave a series of interviews, and wrote a book, Prisonnier du dopage ("Prisoner of doping") in which he explained doping methods, masking methods, the use of drug cocktails such as the pot belge for training and for recreation, and how the need to make money makes racers dope themselves. In April 2013 he suffered a major heart attack and was reported to be in a coma. On 13 May 2013, several news sources reported his death, but according to La Voix du Nord he remained in an artificial coma, though had suffered brain death. He died on 17 May 2013.

Doping usage
Gaumont began his professional career in 1994 in the Castorama team. In 1996 he joined the GAN team, and tested positive for nandrolone in two races. He joined Cofidis in 1997 and stayed there until the end of his career. In 1998 he tested positive twice for the nandrolone drug, but obtained that the case was dismissed. A year later a blood test conducted in the "Docteur Mabuse" justice case showed he was positive for amphetamines.

In 2004, he was interrogated by French police and justice in the enquiry for the Cofidis doping case. He declared that he had repeatedly and consistently used doping products, including EPO, since the beginning of his professional career. He then said that he thought that 95% of professional racers doped themselves and expressed very strong doubts that a racer could win a major tour, such as the Tour de France, without doping. As a result of this case, he quit professional racing.

Gaumont gave details in his book such as how to avoid being tested positive for corticoids: how, for instance, to irritate one's testicle sac using salt in order to provoke a rash and obtain a prescription for some corticoid cream. Since urine tests do not distinguish between (legal) corticoid applied as creams, with a prescription, and (illegal) injections, such prescriptions are used to mask doping.

Major results

 * 1992
 * 1st Overall Tour de la Somme
 * Bronze medal Olympics Men's team time trial

 * 1994
 * 1st Overall Tour du Poitou-Charentes
 * 1st Stage 5

 * 1996
 * 1st Overall Four Days of Dunkirk
 * 1st Overall Tour de Picardie
 * 1st Stage 1
 * 1st La Côte Picarde
 * 2nd Tour de Vendée

 * 1997
 * 1st Gent–Wevelgem
 * 1st Stage 3a Four Days of Dunkirk

 * 1998
 * 1st Stage 1 Grand Prix du Midi Libre
 * 3rd Overall Étoile de Bessèges

 * 2000
 * French Pursuit Champion
 * French Team Pursuit Champion
 * Bronze medal World Championships - Pursuit

 * 2002
 * French Pursuit Champion

title: Philippe Gaumont


text:
User talk:Acetic Acid/Archive 6

Archives

 * Archive 1 (July 22, 2005 - August 1, 2005)
 * Archive 2 (August 1, 2005 - August 2, 2005)
 * Archive 3 (August 2, 2005 - August 4, 2005)
 * Archive 4 (August 4, 2005 - August 6, 2005)
 * Archive 5 (August 6, 2005 - August 19, 2005)

Erwin Walsh
I've only had the one dealing with him, so I'd rather wait to see if there's any response to my comments. Zoe 06:23, August 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * RfA, RfC.. what's the diff? :p Fernando Rizo T/C 18:18, 21 August 2005 (UTC)

Adminship
Ace: Thank you for supporting my nomination for adminship. I received many votes from editors that I encounter frequently, which is re-assuring, but I am honoured that you and others that I don't know through Wikipedia saw fit to support the nomination. The admin powers will enable me to patrol for vandals more effectively, amongst other things. I promise to use my new powers for good, and not to inflict the retribution on my enemies that they so richly deserve, as tempting as that may be. ;-) Thanks again, Kevin. Ground Zero 13:19, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

Nomination
Ya. I've seen you around. I don't think I'd accept for untill decemberish. See my dreaded third nom for why. Howabout1 Talk to me! 02:36, August 23, 2005 (UTC)

Will do. Howabout1 Talk to me! 02:45, August 23, 2005 (UTC)

Nomination
Dear Acetic — for all my "humility", I'm still honored that you would like to nominate me. I will certainly accept, but could I ask you to wait until Friday? I'm turning in a dissertation on Thursday, and would like a chance to give those Q&As the time they deserve.

Thank you very much for your faith in me! — Asbestos | Talk   (RFC)  09:28, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Indeed, perhaps I ought to describe myself more fully on my user page. Anyway, I'm Sam and a 'he', last I looked. :D. — Asbestos | Talk   (RFC)

Thanks for the message!
Very kind of you to send me that message... Thanks,

--X9billion 11:03, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

Thanks!
I appreciate the message and I'll have to read some of what you linked to soon. Thanks for the help. T. Anthony

Re: welcome!
Thanks for welcome me. I already know the docu stuff. It helps a lot! Googlenaut 12:06, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

My wiki
True, i've been working on getting it publicized though. You could always help ;) --Phroziac (talk) 14:27, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

The odd request...
Most certainly do. I have no problem with that. I'll take it as a compliment... —Cel es tianpower háblame 20:05, 29 June 2006 (UTC) 20:24, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

I'm impressed...
Thank you very much for correcting my user page. It is very much appreciated. I'm very surprised that anyone would take that comment seriously but thanks for doing so! Actually, I feel like giving you a barnstar. I've seen you all over the place and really like your attitude. Hang on...

There you go! Enjoy... --Celestianpower hab 21:17, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

*Poke*

 * poke* i have 1000 edits now :D --Phroziac (talk) 23:01, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * mmmm thanks :D --Phroziac (talk) 23:15, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

Hey Ryan
Yeah I was pissed when I typed up that goodbye note but then I realized... My friends outnumber my vandals :) Thanks for the milk! Redwolf24 23:35, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

thanks for the welcoming greeting
much appreciated. I'm stumbling around from time to time, but it doesn't seem too hard to make sense of things. :) Rachel612 05:44, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

Hey Ryan
I'm doing pretty good cetp for the fact that I've been having to babysit some blockland related topics from a malicous vandle. I'm used to this kind of stuff from blocklanders though. Since it's a free game it can attract a lot of kids that don't play well with others. MCP 05:45, 24 August 2005 (UTC)MCP

 * Well I am hoping that it doesnt have to come to that, he may be finally getting tired of doing. Some of the previous vandalism was done by proxy and I'd hate for innocent folks to be blocked incase this is the case with the current guy. On another note, any games you like right now or cartoons or TV shows. :) MCP 05:55, 24 August 2005 (UTC)MCP

 * When I say cartoons I mostly mean anything on adult swim. I love those guys, great line up there.  As for games I've been stuck in the blockland rut for a while now, but when the new animal crossing for DS comes out I should be busy til the new Zelda shows up.  In case you are bored here is a video of my wife and puppy.  I know it sounds random, but it always cracks me up. Valerie and Igby MCP 06:10, 24 August 2005 (UTC)MCP

Question
Thanks, It was my first time to write one. Question though. Even though its open for deletion, what dictates final deletion?

--Rezurrxtionjoe 2:17 8/24/05 (CST)

thanks
Thanks for the compliments on the FA :) -- Ryan Norton T 11:12, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

Hi
Hey Ryan, Thanks for the welcome message, it's appreciated.

Yours,

--Buvex 13:23, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

Martyrdom
Well, I'd be honored :). Nufy8 02:44, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

HappyCamper's RFA - Thanks for your support! :-)
Hi there! Thanks for your support on my recent RFA! I'm now an administrator, and if you ever need anything, feel free to leave a message on my talk page! Thanks again, and I'll see you around the Wiki! --HappyCamper 02:52, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

Me too, thanks for the vote of support at my RFA! Coffee 08:28, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

Acetic Acid ?
Why Acetic Acid ? I am always curious about usernames :-) Tintin 06:46, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

Sorry for a late reply. Was out enjoying the long weekend.

The story of my nickname is a pathetic one, but which I enjoy telling. On the day that I discovered IRC, I had been viewing the Tintin cartoon Cigars of the Pharaoh on the cartoon channel. It has a character Prof Sophocles Sarcophagus who goes mad and thinks that he is Rameses II. I loved that name because Rameses is nearly an anagram of my first name. So I used the nick Rameses_II which roaming the IRC channels.

I used it for about two months. But whichever channel I went, someone would invariably ask me everyday why I took that nick. For a time, I thought that they were inquisitive because my nick was so cute. Then someone who I had known well by then explained the reason - apparently in North America, Rameses II is the name of a condom :-\

So I dropped that nick and started using Tintin instead. Tintin 06:54, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

Standards
I have a minimum set of standars, 3-6 months of activity under current user name, 2500 edits min under current user name. Their activity, answers to questions, and why they were nominated, among others. --Boothy443 | comhrÚ 08:29, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I thimnk it more like they get miffed in that "i dont fall in line" like the rst of the followers of the cult of jimmy, and that i wolnt be baited into an argument in whcih they can sit their and disprove me and make thme selves fell better. I rther oppose some one and be prover wrong in the end then, support some ne and regret. --Boothy443 | comhrÚ 08:54, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * He never cliked a porn link, i never sent him an email. --Boothy443 | comhrÚ 08:59, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * More then likely he got an email froma distrugurntealed user, ScottFisher, becuse i keep on taging his images as copyvios, of coure he uploads everything under PD-self, and fixing his teriable editing, and basicaly i told him to cut his editing and learn how to do it or else i would have to persue further action, and i told him i had tagged several of his images, that were vios or i was not sure but i know they he did not creat them. the like is this, http://wiki.on.nimp.org/, don't click it, it's an annoyance link that keeps on creating windows. But apparent that and porn likns and so called objectional usernames are bad, yet haveing workds like fuck and ass, and gay sex on user pages, see: User:SPIU, along with objectionl contenet and porongraphic images in articlse in an article are ok. And it preety dumb on jimmys part that he would check an email concerning another user while at a meeting tyring to seel the site for funding, thats realy unprofessional. Matter of fact i hope that he did get turned down just for it. The hipocracy on here never ceases to amaze me. --Boothy443 | comhrÚ 09:15, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Not that I clicked on this in a meeting or anything, but next time can you put the fact that it is an annoyance link.... before.... the link. :) D'oh. Flehmen 11:53, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

My gender
I hope you don't mind my clarifying but I'm a "he". On Booty's talk page you wrote, "support her" when it should be "support him". It doesn't really matter but I would prefer to be known by my actual gender. LOL! --Celestianpower hab 09:23, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

Scimitar RfA
I appreciate the compliment, and even more so the confidence you've placed in me. Regardless of the outcome of the RfA, if you have any problems/concerns/etc. with me or my edits, please let me know. All the best. --Scimitar parley 18:41, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Acetic Acid/Archive 6


text:
User talk:Henryshoots

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Alf 08:53, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Henryshoots


text:
Cookham Lock

Cookham Lock is a lock with weirs situated on the River Thames near Cookham, Berkshire, about a half-mile downstream of Cookham Bridge. The lock is set in a lock cut which is one of four streams here and it is surrounded by woods. On one side is Sashes Island and on the other is Mill Island connected to Formosa Island, the largest on the non-tidal Thames.

There are several weirs nearby. Hedsor weir was placed across the old navigation channel in 1837, seven years after the lock was opened. There is a lower weir, and Odney weir is on the channel next to Formosa Island.

A short distance away from the lock is Odney, with the Odney Club situated on an ait. Navigation to the Odney Club by boat is possible, but is extremely difficult due to the shallow waters. It is thought that this is deliberate - to disallow non-members from entering the club site without paying the entrance fees.

History
The navigation route was formerly down Hedsor Water and the only weir was associated with the mill. After the building of Marlow Lock in 1773 there were problems with shallow water upstream of Cookham, and the earliest suggestions were for a stop at Cookham to hold the water back. In 1794 it was considered one of the most dangerous parts on the river, mainly on account of chalk boulders falling into the Thames. Plans for a lock and cut were formulated in 1807, but seven years later, the City of London were complaining that no action had been taken. In 1826, a barge carrying stone for Westminster ran aground, swung across the channel, and broke in two, resulting in the loss of the cargo, valued at 40 pounds. Finally, a cut and lock were agreed upon in 1829, the cut going through the northernmost island called The Sashes. Part of the cut was formed from an existing Sashes Stream, and an Ait was removed at the lower end of the cut. The cut modified and elongated the Mill Eyot which was joined with the south eastern corner of The Sashes. The lock opened on 1 November 1830, but no weir was built at this time. The lock and cut cost £8,400 to construct, and the fall on the lock was about 2 ft.

When the lock was built, the access to the lock on travelling upstream from Boulters Lock, was originally a towpath ferry (My Lady ferry or Lower Cookham ferry) crossing to Cliveden, a Middle ferry crossing from Cliveden to the downstream end of Cookham lock island and finally the Cookham Upper ferry from the upstream end of the lock island to Cookham village.

In 1832 Lord Boston of Hedsor House claimed compensation for loss of towpath rights along Hedsor Water which he was granted. In 1837 a weir was found necessary and built, as a cost of £650. It doubled the fall on the lock to around 4 ft. The construction led to further litigation from Lord Boston for loss of trade to the wharf he owned there. This time the only compensation he received was the building of a flash lock in the weir. This was removed when the lock was rebuilt in 1869, as Lord Boston had built eel bucks in the stream in the meantime.

The lock was rebuilt in 1957.

Access to the lock
There is a road from Cookham to Formosa Island and the lock; the road is public for pedestrians, but gated for authorised vehicles only. Access from the Thames Path requires a near 1 km walk across Odney Common on Formosa Island and Mill Eyot to Sashes Island, returning by the same route; the Thames Path bypasses the lock and islands due to several historic ferries no longer operating.

Reach above the lock

Before the streams split above the lock, the river is crossed by Cookham Bridge. Along the reach on the Buckinghamshire bank is Bourne End where the River Wye joins the Thames. Bourne End Railway Bridge, which includes a footbridge, crosses the river here. Along the Berkshire bank there are water meadows. There are navigation transit markers just downstream of Bourne End Railway Bridge, to allow river users to check their speed.

Further upstream towards the Berkshire bank are the Gibraltar Islands which lie in front of Quarry Wood. There are then steep hills overhanging the river at Cookham Dean where the house called "The Mount", where Kenneth Grahame lived as a child is situated. He based much of his book on this part of the Thames which is described as The Wind in the Willows country.

As the ground levels, the Marlow By-pass Bridge crosses the river a little way downstream of Marlow Lock.

Thames Path
The Thames Path, which has passed through Cookham rather than by the lock, runs from Cookham Bridge along the southern bank until Bourne End Railway Bridge, where there is a footbridge. The path crosses this footbridge and then goes along the northern bank to Marlow. The nearest point on the Thames Path is a little under 1 km away from the lock and a walk across Formosa Island is necessary to visit the lock.

Literature and the media
Cookham was home to the artist Stanley Spencer whose works include Swan Upping at Cookham.

Composer John David Davis wrote his Idyl for string quartet, Op. 50, sub-titled Summer's Eve at Cookham Lock, in 1916.

Season 1 Episode 1 of the TV series The Saint, 'The Talented Husband', starring Roger Moore, is set in Cookham, with shots of the nearby Thames reach and railway station.

title: Cookham Lock


text:
Anatoly Lamanov

Anatoly Nikolaevich Lamanov (Анатолий Никола́евич Ламанов) was one of the central figures of the 1921 Kronstadt rebellion in the RSFSR.

As student in 1917 he became Chairman of the Kronstadt Soviet of Worker's Deputies (the Kronstadt Soviet).

Little is known of his early life. As a third-year student in 1917, he had a significant part in the Kronstadt Uprising of 1921 and later served as the Chairman of the Kronstadt Soviet of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies (the "Kronstadt Soviet"), as well as on the editorial board of its newspaper, Izvestiya (News).

Originally not from Kronstadt, Anatoly Lamanov was a third year technology student at the Institute of Technology who frequently lectured workers and soldiers on topics such as geography or natural history. He was the younger brother of the officer Piotr Lamanov, revolutionary commander of Kronstadt Naval Forces. Lamanov served as chairman of the Kornstadt soviet and was chief editor of its leading newspaper Izvestiia. He also led the Non-Party faction, a worker conscious movement that was wary of the representative model. The Non Party faction was later renamed as the Union of Socialist Revolutionaries Maximalists. In 1921, he was denounced as the leading ideologist of the Kronstadt uprising, and was eventually executed as a ‘counter revolutionary’. Lamanov had a central role in shaping the egalitarian radical socialist ideology of Kronstadt.

Relation to the April Crisis
As leader of the Non Party group, Lamanov consolidated the ideas of the many different portions of the Kronstadt Soviet. One Menshevik observer is noted to say that his ideology was neither “Leninist nor Anarchist’. He called for restraint, close ties with the Petrograd Soviet and an avoidance of ‘disunity and party discord’ which had ‘ruined the revolution of france’. He also held up the mantra of “If only so far” in his idea of the relationship between Kronstadt and the Provisional Government. Like many Kronstadters, Lamanov felt that the relationship with the provisional Government shouldn’t be immediately severed if they fail to uphold the revolutionary spirit of the February revolutions, but that they must be pressured into aligning themselves with the Kronstadt soviet. Up until the April Crisis, Lamanov had avoided discussing the question of power in relation to Russia at large. With the Foreign Minister reaffirming Russia’s commitment to continuing their involvement in World War I -- which was a major trigger for the February revolutions—Kronstaders feeling betrayed, turned away from their creative endeavours to focusing on how they would maintain their radical democracy in relation to the decisions made by the provisional government.

Importance of his position on the newspaper
Lamanov, as chairman of the Executive Committee of the Kronstadt Soviet, was the subject of hostility from the Bolsheviks after denouncing Raskolnikov and the July Days. However, the Bolsheviks were not able to blunt Lamanov’s political influence, for Lamanov was elected as chairman of the newspaper Izvetsiia’s editorial commission. In the Aftermath of the July Days, opposition to the Bolsheviks resulted in swelling support for the Non-Partyists, or, as it would come to be called, the Union of Socialist Revolutionaries-Maximalists. As chairman of Izvetsiia, Lamanov “was in a favourable position to give ample newspaper coverage to their views, even though they had to be passed by three major Soviet factions represented on the editorial board.” On 21 April, Lamanov denounced the declarations of the provisional government and turned the debate away from the power question, to affirming a solidarity with the struggles of the petrograd soviet. He also urged the soviet to avoid moving the power to the revolutionary government, instead he argued that “full support” should be given to the petrograd soviet. In addition, he helped set a motion that would have the soviet ‘fully support revolutionary pressure on the provisional government and its continuous and relentless control over it in the interests of the revolution’. This motion was unique to Kronstadt in its contrast with the bolshevik resolution that called for the complete overthrow of the provisional government. Lamanov’s approach to the April Crisis was instrumental in maintaining an antagonistic relationship with the Provisional Government without calling for its complete overthrow. This stance also sent shockwaves into the Petrograd Soviet, as it showed that the bolsheviks didn’t have the influence in Kronstadt that they purported to have when sending their delegates to Petrograd. The Bolsheviks were later going to gain support, as they opposed Lamanov’s insistence on joining into a coalition government with the bourgeoisie. This would culminate in the July days. He was also head of Kronstadt's 'Non-Party Group', which in August 1917 merged with the Union of Socialist-Revolutionaries Maximalists. Lamanov subsequently joined the Communist party but resigned during the 1921 uprising. He was the editor of the anti-Bolshevik rebels' Izvestia (News) newsletter of the Provisional Revolutionary Committee. Shortly after the uprising, Lamanov was executed as a counter-revolutionary by the Bolsheviks.

title: Anatoly Lamanov


text:
Talk:ANDOS

Official page link BR-Br-BR-BRoken!!! 200.0.175.4 (talk) 18:35, 3 May 2013 (UTC) Mariano G.

title: Talk:ANDOS


text:
Uranium rhodium germanium

Uranium rhodium germanium (URhGe) is the first discovered metal that becomes superconducting in the presence of an extremely strong electromagnetic field. Very unlike other superconducting materials, whose superconducting properties can be lost due to strong magnetic fields, uranium rhodium germanium actually regains superconducting abilities at about 8 teslas.

Process
URhGe's critical temperature (Tc) is normally about 280 millikelvins.

The Grenoble team in France, headed by Andrew D. Huxley, first cooled down the sample below its critical temperature and raised the magnetic field to 2 T. As expected, the sample's superconducting properties vanished. However, when the team raised the magnetic field to 8 T, the superconducting behavior continued. The critical temperature at that field strength increased to about 400 millikelvins. The sample retained the superconducting state until 13 T. They also found that at 12 T, the URhGe sample experienced a magnetic phase transition.

title: Uranium rhodium germanium


text:
User talk:Maykl~enwiki

Maykl Tafari
Welcome brethrin an sistrin on my personal page op Wikipedia! For more information on who I am, visit RASTAFARIAN.NL

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Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

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Renamed
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title: User talk:Maykl~enwiki


text:
Talk:Quality Standards Illustrated

It would be interesting to know how the QSI compares with the Manual of Millwork published by the Woodwork Institute in California.

title: Talk:Quality Standards Illustrated


text:
Mikhail Zharov

Mikhail Ivanovich Zharov (Михаи́л Ива́нович Жа́ров; 27 October 1899 – 15 December 1981) was a Soviet and Russian stage and film actor and director. People's Artist of the USSR (1949) and Hero of Socialist Labour (1974).

He studied under the prominent director Theodore Komisarjevsky and debuted in Yakov Protazanov's Aelita (1924). Later he became a Protazanov regular, appearing in The Man from the Restaurant (1927) together with Mikhail Chekhov.

In the 1930s he was a leading actor of Alexander Tairov's Chamber Theatre, before moving to the Maly Theatre where he was engaged from 1938 till the rest of his life and most fully unfolded his actor's gift, mainly playing classical repertoire parts (in Wolves and Sheep, The Inspector-General, Heart is not a Stone, The Thunderstorm, etc.)

Mikhail Zharov gained wide popularity thanks to the role of Zhigan in Nikolai Ekk’s internationally known drama Road to Life (1931). Playing the leader of a gang of thieves, the actor made use of the opportunities of the first sound-film: he endowed his character with a specific accent, played the guitar and sang songs with his peculiar charm. In 1933 he appeared in Boris Barnet's Outskirts.

The most acclaimed of his sound films were Peter the Great (1937), in which he played Prince Menshikov, and Sergei Eisenstein's Ivan the Terrible (1942–44), in which he played Malyuta Skuratov. His last and probably most popular role was that of Aniskin, an amusing and witty village militiaman in the television series The Village Detective (1968), Aniskin & Fantomas (1974) and Aniskin Again (1978).

Zharov was awarded three Stalin Prizes: twice in 1941 and in 1942.

Partial filmography

 * Tsar Ivan Vasilevich Groznyy (1915) – Soldier
 * Aelita (1924) – Actor in Play
 * His Call (1925)
 * Chess Fever (1925)
 * Miss Mend (1926)
 * Man from the Restaurant (1927) – The Waiter
 * Belyy oryol (1928)
 * Don Diego and Pelagia (1928) – Himself
 * Dva-Buldi-dva (1929)
 * Road to Life (1931) – Tomka Zhigan
 * The House of the Dead (1932) – Officer (uncredited)
 * Dvadtsat shest komissarov (1932) – Menshevik
 * Okraina (1933) – Krayevitch – Menchevik student
 * Marionettes (1934) – Head of Frontier Post
 * The Storm (1934) – Koudryash
 * Three Comrades (1935) – The Engineer
 * Lyubov i nenavist (1935) – Ensign Kukva
 * Po sledam geroya (1936)
 * The Return of Maxim (1937) – Platon Vassilievich Dymba, billiards braggart
 * Peter the Great (1937, part 1) – Alexander Danilovich Menshikov
 * The Bear (1938) – Alexander Danilovich Menshikov
 * The Vyborg Side (1939) – Platon Vassilievich Dymba
 * Man in a Shell (1939) – Mikhail Kovalenko
 * Stepan Razin (1939) – Lazunka – boyar's son
 * Engineer Kochin's Error (1939) – Lartsev
 * Bogdan Khmelnitskiy (1941) – Deacon Gavrilo
 * The Defense of Tsaritsyn (1942, part 1, 2) – Perchikhin
 * The District Secretary (1942) – Gavril Fedorovich Rusov
 * Aktrisa (1943) – Reciter in hospital
 * In the Name of the Fatherland (1943) – Ivan Ivanovich Globa
 * Taxi to Heaven (1943) – Ivan Baranov
 * The Young Fritz (1943, Short) – Fritz
 * Ivan the Terrible (1944, 1958, part 1, 2) – Czar's Guard Malyuta Skuratov
 * The Call of Love (1945) – Vadim Spiridonovich Yeropkin
 * Bespokoynoe khozyaystvo (1946) – Semibab
 * For Those Who Are at Sea (1948) – Kharitonov
 * Michurin (1949) – Khrenov
 * Happy Flight (1949) – Driver Zachyosov
 * Vassa Zheleznova (1953) – Prokhor Khrapov
 * The Anna Cross (1954) – Artynov
 * A Girl with a Guitar (1958) – Sviristinsky
 * Mlechnyy Put (1959) – Mikhail Silovich
 * Kain XVIII (1963) – Minister of War
 * Vnimanie! V gorode volshebnik! (1964) – Cook
 * Older Sister (1967) – Ukhov
 * Village Detective (1969) – Aniskin

title: Mikhail Zharov


text:
Frederick Vine

Frederick John Vine FRS (17 June 1939 – 21 June 2024) was an English marine geologist and geophysicist. He made key contributions to the theory of plate tectonics, helping to show that the seafloor spreads from mid-ocean ridges with a symmetrical pattern of magnetic reversals in the basalt rocks on either side.

Early life
Vine was born in Chiswick, London, and educated at Latymer Upper School and St John's College, Cambridge where he studied Natural Sciences (BA, 1962) and marine geophysics (PhD, 1965). He married Susan 'Sue' Vine (née McCall), who worked as a research assistant for Drummond Matthews in the Department of Geodesy and Geophysics, University of Cambridge, contributing to the development of the sea-floor spreading hypothesis associated with Matthews and her husband.

Plate Tectonics

Vine's PhD thesis was on 'Magnetism in the Seafloor' and supervised by Drummond Matthews. Having met Harry Hess he was aware of sea floor spreading, where the ocean bed acts as a 'conveyor belt' moving away from the central ridge. Vine's work, with that of Drummond Matthews and Lawrence Morley of the Geological Survey of Canada, helped put the variations in the magnetic properties of the ocean crust into context in what is now known as the Vine–Matthews–Morley hypothesis. Specifically they supported Dietz's (Nature 1961) idea that sea floor spreading was occurring at mid-ocean ridges. Vine and Matthews showed that basalt created at a mid-ocean ridge records earth's current magnetic field polarity (and strength), thus turning Hess's theoretical 'conveyor belt' into a 'tape recorder'. Furthermore, they showed that magnetic reversals 'frozen' into these rocks, as suggested by Allan Cox (Nature 1963), can be seen as parallel strips as you travel perpendicularly away from the ridge crest.

Academic career
Vine worked with E. M. Moores on the Ophiolite in the Troodos mountains of southern Cyprus. He worked with R. A. Livermore and A. G. Smith on the history of the Earth's magnetic field. He worked on the electrical conductivity of rocks from the lower continental crust with R. G. Ross and P. W. J. Glover, which culminated in 1992 with measurements of the electrical conductivity of graphite-rich amphibolites and granulites at lower crustal temperatures and pressures with a full water saturation and pore fluid pressure and graphite-free

In 1967, Vine became assistant professor of geology and geophysics at Princeton University. In 1970 he moved to the School of Environmental Sciences at the University of East Anglia, becoming professor there in 1974. He served as dean from 1977 to 1980, and again from 1993 to 1998. After 1998, he was a professorial fellow of the University of East Anglia. and then in 2008 he became an emeritus professor there.

Honours
Vine's honours include:

 * Day Medal in 1968
 * Bigelow Medal of Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in 1970
 * Bigsby Medal of the Geological Society of London in 1971
 * Chapman Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society (1973)
 * Fellowship of the Royal Society in March 1974
 * The Chree Medal and Prize of the Institute of Physics (1977)
 * Hughes Medal of the Royal Society (1982)
 * International Balzan Prize (1981)
 * Prestwich Medal of the Geological Society of London in 2007

Publications

 * First edition: 1990, second edition: 1996.
 * First edition: 1990, second edition: 1996.
 * First edition: 1990, second edition: 1996.
 * First edition: 1990, second edition: 1996.
 * First edition: 1990, second edition: 1996.
 * First edition: 1990, second edition: 1996.

title: Frederick Vine


text:
User:Mike Pilowin CA

Just starting out, hope to help.

title: User:Mike Pilowin CA


text:
Talk:Electronika BK

Untitled
Anybody remembers what was the canonical name of the first filesystem format (one with 20-char filenames, w/o fat) ?

also, ANDOS was never a most populr OS for BK, so this phrase was removed.

 * ANDOS was the most popular OS for BK in the later years. Second-popular was MK-DOS.--Nixer 17:55, 10 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Враньё. МКдос вообще появился очень поздно, и то файловый формат был содран с предыдущей ОС (название которой я увы не помню). Реально весь обмен файлами (в том же клубе БК в свиблово) шёл не на андосовских дисках. Lelik aka LAV
 * Было два наиболее популярных форматов файлов - андосовский и МикроДОС. МК-ДОС использовала формат МикроДОС, как и большинство других систем на БК. Поскольку АНДОС читал этот формат без проблем (а МК-ДОС не могла читать андосовские диски), то обмен файлами производился в формате МикроДОС для совместимости. В то же время, многие программы использовали именно формат АНДОС, например, СУБД BASIS.--Nixer 09:27, 15 March 2006 (UTC)

BTW, K1801 wasn't really a "LSI-11 clone". It was compartible all right (albeit with slight differences, such as lack of MUL command in some versions), but it was a single-crystal CPU, while LSI-11 was a 4-chip set based on Western Digital p-system architecture... --Khathi 15:33, 15 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Agreed, although I've yet to see a trustworthy source that says that 1801 was designed from scratch and isn't really 4 LSI-11 chips squeezed into one package or something. Unfortunately all Russian sources just call it "Elektronika-60" Instruction Set and don't disclose anything dramatic about development. Instruction set -wise it can be called a clone and for most people it's as much as they want to know. I'd like to have a dedicated article about 1801 cpu, but unfortunately I can't gather enough information to make a worthy separate article about it, not yet.Svofski 12:26, 16 August 2007 (UTC)
 * The only source I've ever got on K1801's origins was 4-year-old article in CompuTerra magazine, the very article referenced here, that clearly says that scratch-design is a rumor. But I'd say it's pretty substantivated, as I've happened to locate old Elektronika-60 manual, and its processor was sectioned just like LSI-11 was.
 * About packaging -- well, if was against the grain for Soviet engineers to do something so senseless as to put multiple dies in one package. Modern microelectronic industry does this mainly for marketing purposes, and there wasn't such thing as marketing in Soviet times. And from purely engineering standpoint it puts undue strain to the tindustry, which at the time wasn't all that sophisticated.
 * So I believe that we can call Electronika-60 an 11/03 clone, but BK and DVK are better described as "PDP-11 compartibles", which they were. --Khathi 07:30, 5 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Interesting. The other theory I heard is that the whole development of Electronika 60 and its subsequent micros was led by deflectors from west, probably even someone from DEC. Sounds very cloak and dagger to me though, but why not indeed.
 * As for calling it "a compatible", I agree. Svofski 07:54, 5 October 2007 (UTC)
 * About defectors -- it's certainly true, the whole Russian microelectronics industry (as well as an institute I tried to get a PhD in, an Institute of Automation and Control Processes in Vladivostok) was founded by Alfred Sarant, an ex-American engineer known in USSR as Philipp Staros. He was a part of Rosenberg spy ring and emigrated to USSR after their arrest, so it was indeed a real cloak and dagger story after all. But this was in early 50'es, when no one heard of DEC yet. ^_^ --Khathi 05:35, 12 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Staros was indeed a proponent of the Soviet Silicon Valley, but the rest is the urban legend. Staros was not neither an architect nor manager of the project and never worked on Soviet strategy in electronics and microelectronics, though he was very much respected by Communist Party bosses. Good article about Staros and his influence by Burtsev (BESM, Elbrus chief designer): http://www.ipmce.ru/about/press/history/electronic12002/

As for 1801, it was indeed a home made design CPU, developed in NII TT initially as 1801VE1 micro-controller. However, industry badly needed a single chip PDP-11 compatible CPU and NII TT had to implement such, using 1801VE1 by rewriting microcode. Here's a bit of info from Angstrem (manufacturer of 1801 series) website: http://www.angstrem.ru/about/history/80/ I personally asked one of 1801 designers Sergey Shisharin to tell the story of 1801 design. Hopefully he will respond soon and tell us the story. Alex904 (talk) 21:38, 6 June 2009 (UTC)

Uh, I also changed the wording about "approximate clones". I think it's better now --- they "share architectural similarities". Calling BK a clone of PDP-11 is a huge stretch. Anyway, peace out. Svofski 07:58, 5 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Actually, not so much. I'd better agree with original wordings -- after all, even humble BK had one full-fledged Q-bus slot. --Khathi 05:35, 12 October 2007 (UTC)
 * The difference is insignificant, especially now that Q-BUS slot has a honourable mention in the next sentence. But I can't really insist, I just thought that "approximate clone" is a bad word combination; if you're feeling strong towards "approx. clone", feel free to restore the original wording. Thanks for the deflector info! Svofski 21:45, 12 October 2007 (UTC)

IIRC.. BK Keyboard is not exactly "membrane keyboard", since it uses microswitches covered with paper and plastic overlay. 80.94.171.213 (talk) 22:14, 26 November 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Osbk11.png
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BetacommandBot 10:32, 7 November 2007 (UTC)

Page rework
I've expanded this page a bit, but it's still a work in progress, so please refer your questions/comments here. Next week I plan to add info on the BK history and on gaming/demo community, and put on some inline citations. --Khathi (talk) 09:29, 18 January 2009 (UTC)

No, it wasn't
it was one of the first fully 16-bit home computers in the world

The Heathkit H11 went on the market in 1978. It was an LSI-11 in a box, and thus essentially identical to the BK in processor terms. The only real difference was packaging; the H11 used plug-in Q-Bus boards for most I/O, while the BK mostly had those on the motherboard.

The BK cost around 600R, in an era when the average worker made about 190R per month, so it was 3 to 4 months pay. In comparison, the H11 was $1300 in an era when the average monthly income in the US was 1,500, so it was about one month's pay (in the BK's release year, the US income was 3,000 per month). Fully expanded with the cards that made it equivalent to the BK still resulted in the H11 being significantly less expensive in equivalent purchasing power terms.

There's very few differences in technical terms, and less in market terms; the BK simply cannot claim "first". Maury Markowitz (talk)

Even if you would look at the BK-0010 as a single 16-bit microprocessor personal computer, it won't be the first one, in that case first would likely be TI 99/4 (1979).

Ok, but isn't a clone, knockoff or a failure
It wasn't the first, but it was more commercially successful than the Heathkit(4 years produced v/s 9). Also, comparing wages between soviet union and US is quite weird. In other countries any of two alternatives were several wages, or a unacceptable amount of them because monetary differences and also lower (in local and absolute term) wages(I.E. in my country, in 1980 dollar was held 50:1, but average wage was below 50 dollars). In 1985 dollar and ruble were almost 1:1, so even in dollar terms, the change would allow the electronika BK to be a little bit cheaper than heathkit. Also, it's CPU was even more commercially sucessful and wasn't a clone in any sense.

 * No one said anything about "clone, knockoff or a failure".
 * Here are a few widely available 16-bit or 16/32-bit machines up to the time it was released:
 * H11 - 1978
 * TI-99 - 1979
 * TRS-80 Model 16 - 1982
 * Olivetti M20 - 1982
 * Apple Lisa - 1983
 * Apple Macintosh - 1984
 * Plus any number of Unix workstations and the odd games console.

Maury Markowitz (talk) 00:11, 23 June 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Electronika BK


text:
User talk:SubbEvil

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Rama 08:59, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
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title: User talk:SubbEvil


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Independent National Patriotic Front of Liberia

The Independent National Patriotic Front of Liberia (INPFL) was a rebel group that participated in the First Liberian Civil War under the leadership of Prince Johnson. It was a breakaway faction of the National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL).

The INPFL was formed by Prince Johnson after a leadership dispute with NPFL leader Charles Taylor over his authority as self-proclaimed head of the National Patriotic Reconstruction Assembly Government (NPRAG), an alternative government that was based in the Bong County town of Gbarnga.

Initially estimated at less than 500 troops, the INPFL was a significant force in the early stages of the war. It controlled a number of strategic points within the capital city of Monrovia and facilitated the deployment of Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) cease-fire monitoring group forces, known as ECOMOG.

It was the INPFL which captured and murdered President Samuel Doe in September 1990.

The faction disintegrated in the wake of internal wrangling over its level of co-operation with the interim government, ECOMOG and the NPFL. Through 1991, its role in the conflict substantially declined and the faction formally disbanded in late 1992.