text:
Talk:Cressida Dick

Untitled

 * I am creating a a fresh stub to avoid copyvio issues. --Bhadani 05:56, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Created a fresh stub. --Bhadani 06:06, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

VfD debate link
This article has been kept following this VFD debate. Sjakkalle (Check!)  06:55, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

Australia rumour
Wikipedia is not the place for unsourced and unsubstatiated rumour, especially coming from an IP with such a limited editing history. If someone can come up with a credible news report from ANYWHERE that backs this up, then fine, but until then it shouldn't be on the page. Nick Cooper 07:53, 5 July 2007 (UTC)

PhD/MPhil
This is almost certainly inaccurate. The MPhil is a one-year coursework degree, and not a degree which would be awarded to a failed PhD candidate - unless at many other UK universities (the Cambridge equivalent would be MLitt). Ncox 01:48, 7 August 2007 (UTC) I see an earlier edition of the entry has a more accurate account, which I will reinstate.Ncox 01:50, 7 August 2007 (UTC)
 * At my University (York), it is possible for a DPhil candidate to be awarded an MPhil as a "consolation prize"; it is also possible for an MPhil registrant to "upgrade" to a DPhil. -- Rodhullandemu  (please reply here - contribs) 14:10, 20 November 2007 (UTC)

Incorrect statements regarding department
There is a consistent mess throughout many articles related to the subject confusing Specialist Operations and Specialist Crime and Operations - despite the near-identical names they are two separate entities - see the Metropolitan Police website for more. I have begun to re-write/edit to fix these issues and update the relevant pages. --ReaverMan (talk) 10:45, 7 October 2015 (UTC)

Should the highlight box thing on the right be updated with her new career?
She has transferred to an unspecified Director-General Level posting with the FCO - should this be included in the box thinghy on the right of the page? There is currently no other information regarding her posting available in the public domain, so the only details would be the title of the job.

My personal preference would be to include it, as currently at a glance the box misleads users into thinking she has retired after leaving the police force; although the opening lines of the main text do mention her current job.

Also; for my own future reference, is there a proper name for the box thing?? ReaverMan (talk) 11:35, 7 October 2015 (UTC)

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Oxford days
What did she study at Oxford? 86.184.52.111 (talk) 10:26, 19 December 2017 (UTC)

Agriculture. But she did badly. 2A00:23C5:C10B:A300:489B:EDA7:920:8024 (talk) 09:38, 15 February 2019 (UTC)

I think the date given for her Oxford degree (1979) was actually matriculation rather than when she got her BA. If she graduated in 1979 she would have been only 18, the school-leaving age in England. In their bulletins, Oxbridge colleges tend to quote the year a student matriculated (i.e. became a member of college) along with the student's name, rather than the graduation year, and I note that the reference is to the Balliol College magazine (though the link doesn't work)

On a radio programme she said she went up to Oxford to read biology, but that got too difficult, so she ended up doing agriculture. 2A00:23C5:C13C:9F00:6042:125C:57B3:8D48 (talk) 20:09, 10 February 2022 (UTC)

Prejucided content?
"the unlawful summary execution" "from which the inquest jury incorrectly exonerated her"

These do not seem to fit the tone I would expect of a wikipedia article, clearly opinion rather than fact, especially the use of the word "incorrectly" in the second quote

87.74.157.109 (talk) 23:04, 28 July 2018 (UTC)

 * Removed. The specific quotes were (fairly) recently added by an anonymous user. Thanks. 72 (talk) 14:51, 29 July 2018 (UTC)

Ancestry claim
In Dick's interview with Justin Welby on BBC Radio 4; it was said that she is descended from Elizabeth Fry. Harfarhs (talk) 12:48, 9 July 2023 (UTC)

 * Quick google shows nothing to corroborate. 10mmsocket (talk) 13:48, 9 July 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cressida Dick


text:
Talk:Tyler Hamilton

Rumour
I heard a rumour that the transfusion-doping claims were also cast into doubt because Hamilton is chimeral. Is there any truth to that? --ASL 05:57, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

From the looks of the quick search I just did, Hamilton is saying that chimerism is a possibility, not that he actually is. I'm a bit confused. --ASL 05:59, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

reversion of 13.03.06 contribution by unregistered user 71.37.161.250
Hamilton openly and frequently used the idea of "chimerism" in his defense. Here are a few example citations:

 * Court for Arbitration in Sport, CAS 2005/A/884, Tyler Hamilton v/USADA & UCI (http://www.tas-cas.org then Case Law, then Tyler Hamilton, Part I, page 18, item 59) "In the Appellant’s appeal brief, a number of alternate submissions were made suggesting other possible causes for a second red blood cell population in the sample taken from the Appellant such as chimerism.”

 * New York Times, May 10, 2005, Cheating, or an Early Mingling of the Blood?, (http://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/10/health/10bloo.html?ex=1142398800&en=bee5d80489509af3&ei=5070 -free registration required) “Last month, when the champion American cyclist Tyler Hamilton was accused of blood doping, or transfusing himself with another person's blood to increase his oxygen-carrying red cells, he offered a surprising defense: the small amount of different blood found mixed in with his own must have come from a ‘vanishing twin.’”

 * Cycling News, April 19, 2005, The Hamilton Decision, (http://www.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=features/2005/hamilton_decision) “Working under the assumption that Hamilton did in fact have a mixed RBC population in his body on September 11, 2004, the next part of his defence focused on other causes of said population. Both disease and bone marrow transplant were "ruled out as having a zero probability", leaving Hamilton to argue that he had a 'vanishing twin', that transferred some of its RBCs to Hamilton while he was in the womb, but disappeared in the first trimester of pregnancy; or that he is a human chimera, with a natural mixed RBC population.”

BitQuirky 00:18, 14 March 2006 (UTC)

 * The "Demised Twin" statement is inaccurate, Tyler does not claim this, see his website

 * His website is, umm, perhaps not the most reliable source of information. The only other possible reasons for his "chimerism" would be hematopoietic disease or bone marrow transplantation. They were discussed in his CAS brief and ruled out for obvious reasons. Here is the link to the CAS decision again: http://www.tas-cas.org, then "Case Law", then "Tyler Hamilton."

 * BitQuirky 16:26, 2 July 2006 (UTC)

Even if he doesn't claim chymerism now, he has in the past and is of note in his story, and should therefore be included in his page. Floydd landis claims not to have ever taken drugs, but the story of his failed test is still on his page, Rose West claims not to be a mass-murderer, but it is still on her page Superruss 15:34, 26 July 2007 (UTC)

Hamilton is eligible for two-year Pro Tour suspension

Apparently the fourth paragraph of the "Doping and Suspension" section is incorrect. According to comments published on the VeloNews website , UCI president Pat McQuaid says that although Hamilton's positive test occurred in 2004, his sanction was finalized in 2005, and the additional two-year suspension from the Pro Tour is applicable. It is unclear to me whether he'll be banned from riding in Pro Tour events altogether (since non-Pro Tour teams can sometimes compete in Pro Tour events) or whether he'll be permitted to ride in Pro Tour events on a non-Pro Tour team. Does anybody know anything?

 * Although McQuaid ostensibly speaks for the UCI, his statement is open to interpretation and challenge. The most common practice has been to date the suspension from the date of the first positive sample. A 'speedy trial' doctrine would seem to apply.
 * BitQuirky 14:18, 17 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Here's an informed opinion: .
 * BitQuirky 13:09, 1 September 2006 (UTC)

I can confirm that Hamilton did not graduate from the University of Colorado. I'm not calling him a liar, I'm not sure if he ever said that he did. I can't provide a publicly accessible source, but I have access to the list of graduates and he never received a degree. The "rumor" in the article is correct. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.196.254.180 (talk) 13:29, 23 May 2011 (UTC)

Thoughts on revision/cleaning up needed

 * just wonder what peoples thoughts are on this page getting cleaned up a bit. The various dopings sections seem unnesessary lengthy and in depth and the overall weight of the page is that of a doper (which he was) and pays very little attention to his cycling career. Certainly sections like the Puerto section are largely repeats of what is already in the puerto section and this could be much smaller with additional reference to the Operacion Puerto Page. Even the section afterwards is titled "after the ban" rather than "return to cycling" which seems the more common title on wiki. The entire article seems to be 90% doping allegations which although accurate are rather long winded and theres very little summing up of his actual career and racing. Dimspace (talk) 17:40, 14 August 2012 (UTC)
 * I agree, the cycling portion of this page can be bumped up, but when compared to other cyclists (like George Hincapie), it's actually a relatively high level of detail about his cycling career. "After the ban" is inflamatory; it should be changed to "Return to Cycling" for sure. Using the Operacion Puerto page to add detail about Tyler seems out of balance, as that page contains just one paragraph about Hamilton. I will strongly disagree that this page is "90% doping allegations": 1) it's maybe 60%, and 2) these are not allegations, these are the results of positive tests that Hamilton has confirmed. Finally, the book that he is releasing in Sept. 2012 with Daniel Coyle is all about doping, and if anything will likely require additional detail to be added to the doping side of this entry. Adding additional cycling details is absolutely great and welcome; bumping up the percentage of his cycling content by eliminating facts about his doping past seems to be out of bounds.Stlamanda (talk) 10:52, 15 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Now, more than two years after the USADA report: I came to this article from the one about Levi Leipheimer. This article is about doping, Levi's is about raceing. Levi and Tyler raced at a high level for a long time, and they both doped for most of that time. It would be good if the articles could better convey both aspects; raceing and doping. A thouroug revision/cleaning up seems like a good idea to me. --178.232.6.241 (talk) 14:47, 18 November 2014 (UTC)

 * They aren't even remotely comparable. -- 68.111.35.169 (talk) 05:17, 2 June 2016 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Tyler Hamilton


text:
The Wayward Cloud

The Wayward Cloud is a 2005 Taiwanese film directed by Tsai Ming-liang and starring Lee Kang-sheng and Chen Shiang-chyi.

Plot
There is a water shortage in Taiwan, and watermelons are abundant. Television programs teach various water-saving methods and encourage the drinking of watermelon juice instead of water. Hsiao-kang, a pornographic actor, films sex scenes with watermelons and water. Shiang-chyi is a woman who lives nearby.

One day, while Shiang-chyi is out collecting water bottles, she sees watermelons in a river and takes a watermelon. She passes Hsiao-kang sleeping on a bench and uses his water bottle to wash her watermelon. She sits down on the bench across from him. He wakes up, and they realize that they know each other from when he was a watch salesman. She does not know that he now works in porn. The two start a relationship. She feeds him watermelon, they cook food together, and he smokes on the floor under her table. They go to a video store and make out in the adult film section.

Shiang-chyi finds an unconscious porn actress in an elevator. She helps a porn crew member take her to a room where they are filming. Hsiao-kang is there, and she is upset to see him working in porn. The crew films Hsiao-kang raping the unconscious woman, and Shiang-chyi watches them. As Hsiao-kang climaxes, he pulls out of the unconscious woman and pushes his penis inside Shiang-chyi's mouth.

Cast

 * Lee Kang-sheng as Hsiao-kang
 * Chen Shiang-chyi as Shiang-chyi
 * Lu Yi-ching as Porn actress
 * Yang Kuei-mei as Porn actress
 * Sumomo Yozakura as Porn actress

Production
This was the sequel to one of Tsai's previous films, What Time Is It There? The Wayward Cloud was filmed in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. It was shot in various landmark locations in the area, including Dragon and Tiger Pagodas and Love River.

Release
The film grossed more than NT$20 million in its theatrical release in Taiwan; it was a big commercial achievement for the Taiwan film industry since most Taiwan films' ticket sales totaled under NT$1 million at the time. It has a 78% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 27 reviews, with a weighted average of 6.96/10. The site's consensus reads: "The Wayward Cloud may baffle more literally minded viewers, but its surreal pleasures will resonate with fans of thoroughly unique cinema." The film was Taiwan's official entry for the 78th Academy Awards in the foreign-language category. It was released on DVD by Strand Home Video in 2008.

Awards

 * 55th Berlin International Film Festival (2005) - Silver Bear for outstanding artistic contribution

title: The Wayward Cloud


text:
User:CranialBust

Please stop. If you continue to vandalize pages, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia.

referring to:

yeah, kinda funny, but stop doing it

title: User:CranialBust


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Oft

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Jitse Niesen (talk) 01:59, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

Oft
Move to Wiktionary and delete. Zoe 05:58, August 26, 2005 (UTC)

 * I Agree. Delete --inks 05:59, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete See oft. Bovlb 06:09:29, 2005-08-26 (UTC)
 * Delete, already on wiktionary. - Mgm|(talk) 09:57, August 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, dictdef already on wikitionary. Proto t c 14:09, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, as above. IINAG 15:32, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Dicdef already on Wiktionary. Optichan 20:47, August 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. *drew 23:07, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Oft


text: File:Among the Thugs.jpg

title: File:Among the Thugs.jpg


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Cressida Dick

Dame Cressida Rose Dick (born 16 October 1960) is a former British police officer who served as Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis from 2017 to 2022. She is both the first female and first openly lesbian officer to lead London's Metropolitan Police Service (MPS or "The Met").

Dick joined The Met in 1983. From 1995 to 2000, she was a high-ranking officer in the Thames Valley Police. After earning a master's degree in criminology, she returned to the Met in 2001, and subsequently held senior roles in the force's diversity directorate, in anti-gang and anti-gun crime operations, and in counterterrorism operations. In June 2009, she was promoted to the rank of assistant commissioner, the first woman to hold this rank substantively. She briefly served as acting deputy commissioner in late 2011 and 2012 during a vacancy in the office. She oversaw the Met's security preparations for the security operations for the 2012 London Olympics. Dick retired from the Met in 2015 to accept a role in the Foreign Office, but returned in 2017 on being selected by the Home Office to succeed Bernard Hogan-Howe as MPS Commissioner, becoming the first woman to hold this post.

Dick's career has included several significant crises and controversies, as well as a series of career comebacks. In 2005, she headed the operation which led to the fatal shooting of Jean Charles de Menezes. A subsequent review faulted the MPS for lapses, but Dick was cleared of personal blame in a 2007 trial. As commissioner, she has overseen a service affected by cuts to police budgets and staffing levels. Controversial aspects of Dick's tenure include the Met's use of stop and search tactics, the handling of recommendations made after the botched Operation Midland, and arrests of attendees at a candlelight vigil for Sarah Everard and complaints by the Daniel Morgan Independent Panel that she obstructed their inquiry into police corruption in 2021.

On 10 February 2022, Dick announced she would be leaving the role after losing the confidence of Sadiq Khan, the Mayor of London, over her response to racism and misogyny in the force. Dick left office on 10 April 2022. In January 2023, it was revealed that part of the reason for Dick's ousting was the Met's handling of the case of serial rapist David Carrick, a Met police officer.

Early life
Dick was born on 16 October 1960 in Oxford, where she was brought up. She is the third and youngest child of Marcus William Dick (1920–1971), Senior Tutor at Balliol College, Oxford, and Professor of Philosophy at the University of East Anglia, and Cecilia Rachel Dick (née Buxton, 1927–1995), a University of Oxford historian, daughter of Wing Commander Denis Alfred Jex Buxton, granddaughter of the banker and politician Alfred Fowell Buxton, and great-granddaughter of Thomas Jex-Blake, headmaster of Rugby School.

Dick was educated at the Dragon School and Oxford High School, then in 1979 she was admitted to Balliol College, Oxford where she took a BA in Agriculture and Forest Sciences. While at Oxford, Dick was a wicketkeeper on a cricket team.

Before joining the police, Dick worked briefly in a large accountancy firm. Some years later, she took a course in criminology at Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge, gaining a Master of Studies degree in 2000 and graduating at the top of her class.

Police career
In 1983, Dick joined the Metropolitan Police as a constable, patrolling a beat in the West End of London. Within a decade she had been promoted to chief inspector. In 1995, she transferred to Thames Valley Police, where she was initially a superintendent and then chief superintendent and area commander for Oxford.

She returned to the MPS in 2001 as a commander and head of the diversity directorate. In 2003, she became the head of Operation Trident, which then numbered 300 officers. Operation Trident investigates gang- and gun-related crime; as head of the unit, Dick was credited with progress in reducing crime among "Yardie" drug gangs.

Dick was commander of Operation Kratos, and in the immediate aftermath of 21 July 2005 London bombings, she was the gold commander in the control room during the operation which led to the police fatally shooting Jean Charles de Menezes, an innocent Brazilian man who had been wrongly identified as a potential suicide bomber. In a 2008 statement to the inquest investigating de Menezes's death, Dick expressed deep personal regret over de Menezes' death, and said, "If you ask me whether I think anybody did anything wrong or unreasonable on the operation, I don't think they did." The inquest jury recorded an open verdict. In a separate trial, the Met was found to have committed catastrophic errors that had led to de Menezes's death, but Dick was cleared of any "personal culpability" for the tragedy. The affair nevertheless almost derailed Dick's career. In 2019, Dick said, "The events of that day stay with one; I think about it quite often. It was a traumatic period. It was an awful time for so many people, obviously and most of all Jean Charles's family, the people who were there when it happened, the firearms officers, the surveillance officers." De Menezes's family opposed Dick's later appointment as Met commissioner.

In 2006, the Metropolitan Police Authority (led by Len Duvall) promoted her to Deputy Assistant Commissioner Security and Protection. In 2009, the Metropolitan Police Authority promoted her to Assistant Commissioner Specialist Crime, in charge of the Specialist Crime Directorate. She became the first woman to become an assistant commissioner. Within the specialist crime directorate, Dick was trained as a hostage negotiator.

In July 2011, Dick was appointed assistant commissioner, specialist operations (responsible for the MPS's counter-terrorism operations) following the resignation of John Yates in the wake of the News International phone hacking scandal. In this role, Dick oversaw security operations for the 2012 London Olympics.

In 2011 Dick was appointed acting deputy commissioner, and held the post between the retirement of Tim Godwin and the commencement of the new deputy commissioner Craig Mackey's term at the beginning of 2012. She held the rank until 23 January 2012.

Commissioner Bernard Hogan-Howe subsequently ousted her from her position as the MPS's counterterrorism head after their relationship became strained. In mid-2014, Dick had been one of three short-listed candidates for the position of chief constable of the Police Service of Northern Ireland, but George Hamilton was selected for the role instead. It was announced in December 2014 that she would retire from the police in 2015 to join the Foreign Office, in an unspecified director-general level posting. The Foreign Office refused Freedom of Information requests for information on her job title, role and responsibilities, or her wage. In the Daily Telegraph, Martin Evans wrote that she had "an unspecified and rather shadowy security role" at the Foreign Office.

Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police
On 22 February 2017, the Home Office and the MPS jointly announced that Dick would be appointed as the next Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police. Her appointment was supported by the Home Secretary Amber Rudd. The appointment was formally made by Queen Elizabeth II, via a warrant under the royal sign-manual, on the recommendation of Rudd. (MPS commissioners are selected by the Home Secretary with input from the mayor of London. ) Dick was selected over three other short-listed contenders: Sara Thornton, the chair of the National Police Chiefs' Council; Mark Rowley, an assistant commissioner for counterterrorism at the Met, and Stephen Kavanagh, the chief constable of the Essex Police. The term of the police commissioner is five years, although two of Dick's last three predecessors were ousted early.

Dick assumed office on 10 April 2017; her first official engagement was the funeral of PC Keith Palmer, the officer killed in a terrorist attack at the Westminster Bridge, outside the Palace of Westminster, the previous month.

As commissioner, Dick has criticised police budget cuts, saying that they inhibit the MPS's operations, including counterterrorism efforts; she has attributed rising violent crime in London in part due to budget cuts. In June 2017, after the terrorist attacks at Westminster, London Bridge, and Finsbury Park, Dick called for the government to give more resources for police; budgets and police force strength had declined from a peak in 2009–2010. In 2018, the number of MPS police officers fell below 35,000 for the first time in 15 years; Dick sought to "get to well over 30,500 officers, more than 500 more than we currently have" by the end of 2019. Dick blamed "the glamorisation of violence" and "social media being used to taunt other gangs" as additional factors fueling an increase in violent crime.

Dick expressed concern in 2018 about the impact of a no-deal Brexit, saying that it would be costly and place the public at risk by reducing or eliminating the UK's access to databases, quick extradition processes, and law enforcement cooperation with other EU member states.

To combat an increase in moped crime in London (in which criminals on scooters perpetrated "snatch and grab" phone thefts, other robberies, and acid attacks), Dick allowed pursuing police officers to ram moped-riding suspects off the road. The "tactical contact" manoeuvre was criticised by some as unduly risky, but Dick defended the practice, citing a decrease in moped-facilitated crime since police began to use the technique. Dick said that "tactical contact" was used to end moped pursuits on rare occasions by well-trained police who assessed all the risks, adding, that police aimed to "put the fear back into the criminal." In late 2018, the Met under Dick approved plans to allow police officers to conduct armed foot patrols of high-crime residential areas, a break from the usual practice of British police not routinely carrying firearms. The plan was controversial; the Met stated that the plan would not be a precursor to routine armed patrols, but rather was a limited measure to combat violent, often gang-related crime in London. Dick stated that such patrols would be deployed only in "extreme circumstances" to support the unarmed officers.

Dick's official portrait as commissioner was unveiled in July 2019. The oil painting, which Dick paid for from her salary, depicts the commissioner in front of a map of London, wearing a police shirt rather than full tunic uniform. Dick sat for twenty hours for the portraitist Frances Bell. The painting hangs at the Hendon Police College alongside portraits of her 26 male predecessors. While portraits are usually unveiled after a commissioner has stepped down, Dick's portrait was unveiled as part of celebrations marking the centenary of the first woman joining the Met.

Criticism of Dick's tenure has focused on the MPS's actions in the aftermath Operation Midland, a botched MPS investigation into alleged child sex abuse. The investigation, triggered by the false allegations of a fantasist who was later convicted of perverting the course of justice and fraud, collapsed in 2016. An inquiry led by Sir Richard Henriques identified 43 mistakes by the MPS and made 25 urgent recommendations for the MPS to adopt, but a Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary and Fire & Rescue Services (HMICFRS) report concluded that the MPS had delayed implementing most of the recommendations, with the MPS starting to adopt most reforms in 2019 under pressure from the Home Office. Six former home secretaries said that the police operation undermined public confidence in the police, and Dick faced pressure to resign over the matter. In 2020, however, the Independent Office for Police Conduct cleared Dick of allegations relating to the investigation, finding no evidence that she had "deliberately misled the public regarding her role" in the operation, in which Dick had been briefly involved in 2014, before leaving the Met to join the Foreign Office.

During Dick's tenure, racial disparities in the MPS's use of stop and search were also controversial; black and ethnic minority Britons are many times more likely than white Britons to be stopped and searched by police. Critics contend that the disparity is caused by racial discrimination among police, and that the tactic alienates minority communities. Dick, with the support of Home Secretary Amber Rudd, staunchly defended the use of stop and search, contending that the measure effectively combats knife crime and saves lives.

In 2018, Dick launched a campaign to increase the proportion of female officers in the MPS. At the time, 27% of Met officers were women; Dick aimed to increase that figure to 50% over time, although she did not set a target date. In 2020, London Mayor Sadiq Khan and the MPS announced that that police force would aim to have at least 40% of their recruits be from Black, Asian and minority ethnic backgrounds by 2022; Dick said that the MPS was "not free from racism or discrimination" and the MPS was "committed to eliminating the disproportionate use of force on Black Londoners."

Dick has defended the controversial police use of live facial recognition systems. In 2018, Dick said that police were "hamstrung" by legal limitations over the use of facial recognition. in 2020, after the Royal United Services Institute issued a report recommending regulations on police use of the technology, Dick said that privacy campaigners were "ill-informed" and that facial recognition was a valuable tool to apprehend "the criminals, the rapists, the terrorists and all those who want to harm you, your family and friends."

Dick has been critical of the depiction of police in the television drama Line of Duty; in 2019, while accepting that the police procedural was "good drama" and could raise public interest in the police, Dick said she was "absolutely outraged" at the show depicting "casual and extreme corruption" as a common occurrence in policing.

In March 2021, Dick was criticised for Metropolitan Police's handling of a vigil for Sarah Everard, who was abducted and murdered by a Met officer in south London. At the vigils, officers arrested four attendees, alleging violations of COVID-19 restrictions on public gatherings. Liberal Democrat leader Ed Davey led calls for her resignation. Dick defended the MPS's conduct; said that policing was "fiendishly difficult"; and criticised what she called "armchair" critics. She also suggested that if women felt unsafe when approached by officers they should resist arrest, run away, then "wave down a bus" or call 999; these remarks prompted criticism that Dick and the Met were not taking the matter seriously. Opposition Leader Keir Starmer, London mayor Sadiq Khan, campaigners and backbench MPs all criticised the Metropolitan Police. Dick retained the confidence of Prime Minister Boris Johnson and Home Secretary Priti Patel. Patel directed Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary and Fire & Rescue Services (HMICFRS) to look into the police response to the incident. HMICFRS reported in March 2021 that the police "reacted appropriately and were not heavy handed" and were "justified" in their handling of the vigil. A whistleblower within HMICFRS, however, filed a formal complaint alleging that the inspectorate's review of the vigil, as well as other demonstrations, had been marred by a repeated pro-police bias, anti-demonstrator bias in violation of the Civil Service Code. Reclaim These Streets, which organised the vigil, subsequently prevailed in a lawsuit against the Met; the High Court ruled in March 2022 that the police force had violated participants' human rights to freedom of speech and assembly, and had failed to conduct a proper proportionality assessment when determining what actions to take.

In the 2021 report into the murder of Daniel Morgan, Dick was criticised for hampering efforts to gain access to important information, causing delays in the report's release.

In February 2022 a report was released by the Independent Office for Police Conduct (IOPC) accusing officers at Charing Cross Police Station of misogyny, racism, discrimination, bullying and sexual assault and suggesting these were not isolated cases within the police force.

On 10 February 2022, Dick announced her resignation as Met Commissioner, stating that "the Mayor no longer has sufficient confidence in my leadership". Ian Blair, a former Met police commissioner, has said Boris Johnson should not be involved in appointing Dick's successor due to being subject to a police investigation over possible breaches of COVID regulations. Dick left office on 10 April 2022. Sir Stephen House took over the role as Acting Commissioner until a successor, Sir Mark Rowley, was appointed in July 2022. In January 2023, Met police constable David Carrick pled guilty to 49 account of sexual offences against twelve women, and lifted reporting restrictions revealed that the Met's mishandling of his case was part of the reason Dick had been ousted.

Personal life
Dick came out as lesbian in April 2017, making her the highest-ranked openly gay officer in British police history. Her partner, Helen, was an Inspector in the MPS in South London before retiring in 2017.

Honours
Dick was awarded the Queen's Police Medal for Distinguished Service in the 2010 New Year Honours. She was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2015 New Year Honours for services to policing. In September 2019, she was promoted to Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) in Theresa May's resignation honours.

In 2013, she was named one of the 100 most powerful women in the United Kingdom by Woman's Hour on BBC Radio 4.

Scholastic

 * Chancellor, visitor, governor, rector and fellowships

 * Honorary degrees

title: Cressida Dick


text:
User:Surfingslovak/toolbox

Tranexp.com

Category:Football kit templates / Template:Football kit/pattern list / Wikiportal/Ireland / List of United States metropolitan statistical areas by population / Wikipedia:U.S. cities without articles/ get pissed / [Log]

Notices

 * Removing a copyvio notice is considered vandalism. If you wish to contest it copyright status please follow the instructions on the notice.

 * The follow images in which you have uploaded have been cited as possible copyright infringements and are currently pending deletion:

Please see Copyright problems for more information.

title: User:Surfingslovak/toolbox


text:
Rings (2005 film)

Rings (stylized as rings) is a 2005 American supernatural horror short film. It was initially released as an extra disc with a re-release of The Ring on DVD. The film serves as a sequel to The Ring and a prelude to the opening sequence of The Ring Two.

Plot
Some time after the events of The Ring, Samara Morgan's videotape has spread, as each person who sees the video makes a copy and shows it to someone else. A subculture has grown surrounding the video: people wait to see how close to the seven-day deadline they can get. When they grow too afraid to go on any longer, they show the tape to the next assigned person. Groups that have watched the video are called "rings".

The film is focused on Jake Pierce, the latest member of one such ring. The ring has recruited its next member, Tim, who will watch the tape when Jake cracks. Jake is amazed at what he experiences but it soon turns sinister, as he starts seeing visions of Samara, and has a similar dream that Rachel Keller had of Samara grabbing his arm and leaving a bruise. He cracks on the sixth day, but Tim refuses to watch the tape. It is revealed that another member, Vanessa, made Tim refuse, as she wants to see what happens on day seven.

By the next day, Jake has become so desperate he tries to play the video on the display models at an electronics store, but is caught and thrown out. Jake thinks of Emily, a girl he goes to school with. He invites her over. He experiences a vision in which Samara arrives; she reaches through the screen on his video camera and the vision ends.

An hour before the deadline, Emily agrees to come, leading to the opening sequence of The Ring Two; Vanessa is seen encouraging Emily when she is making her decision to go to Jake's house.

Cast

 * Ryan Merriman as Jake Pierce
 * Emily VanCamp as Emily
 * Kelly Stables as Samara Morgan
 * Alexandra Breckenridge as Vanessa
 * Josh Wise as Timothy "Tim" Rivers
 * Justin Allen as Eddie
 * Andrew D'Amico as Store Employee

Reception
The short film garnered positive reviews from both critics and audiences who purchased the special edition of the first film; released shortly before The Ring Two. Felix Vasquex Jr. of Cinema Crazed said, "...a very sleek and morbid short film, and one infinitely more enjoyable and tense than the sequel could be".

title: Rings (2005 film)


text:
User talk:Nergal~enwiki

Welcome to Wikipedia!
I hope you will consider writing an article (anyone can do it!) and getting involved in the Wikipedia community discussions. Here are some resources to help you get started:
 * Tutorial
 * Guide to layout
 * Policies and guidelines
 * How to write a great article

I am relatively new myself, and I have found the Signpost and the Village Pump to be particularly useful, as well as the Welcome area. If you have any questions, feel free to leave me a message on my talk page.

Once you have created a username, please be sure to sign your posts on talk pages using four tildes ( ~ ) to produce your name and the current date, along with a link to your user page. This way, others know when you left a message and how to find you. Mamawrites 06:00, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Nergal. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Nergal~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 02:07, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 16:52, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Nergal~enwiki


text:
Thesavalamai

Thesavalamai is the traditional law of the Sri Lankan Tamil inhabitants of the Jaffna peninsula, codified by the Dutch during their colonial rule in 1707. The Thesawalamai is a collection of the Customs of the Malabar Inhabitants of the Province of Jaffna (collected by Dissawe Isaak) and given full force by the Regulation of 1806. For Thesawalamai to apply to a person it must be established that he is a Tamil inhabitant of the Northern Province. The Law in its present form applies to most Tamils in northern Sri Lanka. The law is personal in nature, and it is applicable mostly for property, inheritance, and marriage.

Under this law, not all property could be given away. A person could give away only the tediatettam; i.e., joint property or property acquired by either spouse during the period after married life and or the priests acquiring from such properties. Even of the tediatettam property, the husband cannot alienate the whole property; the wife is entitled to half of it. Those properties inherited from the parents cannot be given away according to one's own wish. There are also cases of old ladies who do not have any children giving their properties to the temple.

The landmark case Sivagnanalingam v Suntheralingam has given a new dimension to the tesawalamai law as it redefined its applicability. The judgement expanded the applicability of thesawalamai by settling the following points. The meaning of ordinary words is question of fact but the meaning to be attributed to enacted words is a question of law: The meaning of the expression "inhabitant of the Province of Jaffna" is a question of law. Inhabitant means permanent inhabitant — one who has his permanent home in Jaffna in the nature of a domicile in the Northern Province. There can only be a Sri Lankan domicile and to that extent the term differs from the expression inhabitancy. Yet the idea of permanent home underlies both concepts, and rules for identifying a person's domicile can be applied to discover whether a family has a permanent home in the Northern Province and hence its members are inhabitants in that Province. There is a strong presumption in favour of the continuance of a domicile of origin.

The Thesawalamai is the personal law of the Tamil inhabitants of the Northern Province. It applies to them wherever they are and to their movable and immovable property wherever situated in Sri Lanka. For the purpose of deciding on the rights of inheritance to the estate of a deceased husband, the time of his death is the relevant time and not the time of marriage.

Certain principles of Thesawalamai law are in conflict with international standards relating to equality, such as CEDAW.

title: Thesavalamai


text:
User talk:Ushankido

Welcome!
Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, you can post to the help desk or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! --Thatdog 06:02, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Ushankido


text:
Talk:Tokuhime (Tokugawa)

Untitled
Can't merge these because Toku-hime is not the same person as Tokuhime. We need some method of distinguishing them.

Toku-hime: Daughter of Tokugawa Ieyasu Tokuhime: Daughter of Oda Nobunaga

title: Talk:Tokuhime (Tokugawa)


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Michel Verne

Michel Jean Pierre Verne (August 3, 1861 – March 5, 1925) was a writer, editor, and the son of Jules Verne.

Michel was born in Paris, France. Because of his wayward behaviour, he was sent by his father to Mettray Penal Colony, a private reformatory near Tours, for six months during 1876. By the age of 19, he caused a scandal by eloping with an actress despite his famous father's objections. By 1883 his father was reconciled to the marriage and Michel got married—only to abandon his newlywed wife and begin a relationship with 16-year-old Jeanne Reboul, with whom he had two children before his divorce was finalized. These and other issues strained the relationship between Michel and his father, but by the time Jules died in 1905 relations between them had improved, and they had collaborated with some stories.

Michel was in charge of publishing many of his father's last manuscripts, and it is rumored that Michel may have written some of them himself. Works previously attributed to Jules Verne but now considered to have been written by Michel include The Lighthouse at the End of the World, The Golden Volcano (in two parts, Claim On Forty Mile Creek and Flood and Flame) and The Thompson Travel Agency. Michel Verne wrote in a similar genre to his father, and was considered by his father to be a good writer, but his works are now generally considered to be inferior to those of his father.

Some of his works, like Un Express de L'Avenir and In the Year 2889 are notable for their use of pneumatic tubes.

Works by Michel Verne

 * La Destinée de Jean Morénas
 * L'Éternel Adam (The Eternal Adam, Short Story)
 * Un Express de L'Avenir
 * A Great Transatlantic Subway (Short Story)
 * In the Year 2889 (Short Story)
 * Survivors of the Jonathan (published in two parts in English as Masterless Man and Unwilling Dictator)

title: Michel Verne


text:
Constitution of New Hampshire

The Constitution of the State of New Hampshire is the fundamental law of the State of New Hampshire, with which all statute laws must comply. The constitution became effective June 2, 1784, when it replaced the state's constitution of 1776.

The constitution is divided into two parts: a Bill of Rights and a Form of Government. Subsections of each part are known as articles. For example, the subsection dealing with free speech and liberty of the press is cited as "Part I, Article 22" or "Pt. I, Art. 22."

Part I – Bill of Rights
Part First of the constitution is made up of 43 articles, codifying many of the same natural rights as does the United States Constitution, including free speech, freedom of the press, jury trials, freedom of religion, and the right to bear arms. It protects citizens against double jeopardy, unreasonable searches and seizures, and being required to quarter soldiers. In most cases, the state constitution affords more specific protections than the U.S. Constitution. Unlike the U.S. Constitution, New Hampshire's Bill of Rights has been amended regularly since its adoption.

Article 2-a. The Bearing of Arms
New Hampshire's constitution certifies the pro gun environment in the state. Article 2-a reads:

"All persons have the right to keep and bear arms in defense of themselves, their families, their property and the state."

Article 7. State Sovereignty
New Hampshire has the ability to govern itself independently.

"The people of this state have the sole and exclusive right of governing themselves as a free, sovereign, and independent state; and do, and forever hereafter shall, exercise and enjoy every power, jurisdiction, and right, pertaining thereto, which is not, or may not hereafter be, by them expressly delegated to the United States of America in congress assembled."

Article 10. Right of Revolution
New Hampshire is one of several states that codify a "Right of Revolution" in their state constitutions. The Right of Revolution dates back to the Revolutionary War. Article 10 reads:

"Government being instituted for the common benefit, protection, and security, of the whole community, and not for the private interest or emolument of any one man, family, or class of men; therefore, whenever the ends of government are perverted, and public liberty manifestly endangered, and all other means of redress are ineffectual, the people may, and of right ought to reform the old, or establish a new government. The doctrine of nonresistance against arbitrary power, and oppression, is absurd, slavish, and destructive of the good and happiness of mankind."

Article 11. Elections and Elective Franchises.
In New Hampshire all elections are free and all inhabitants 18 or older are permitted to vote in their domicile. Persons convicted of "treason, bribery or any willful violation of the election laws of this state or of the United States" are excluded from voting in elections; which may be restored by the Supreme Court on notice to the Attorney General. The General Court is required to establish absentee ballot and voter qualification process for state and municipal ballot elections, which includes primaries. Polling and voter registration places are required to be "easily accessible to all persons" which specifically includes the disabled and elderly persons who are otherwise qualified to vote in the applicable election. Non-payment of any tax is not a permitted exclusion from voting. Every inhabitant of the state, having the proper qualifications, has equal right to be elected into office.

Article 12-a. Eminent domain
Article 12-a., which states that "No part of a person's property shall be taken by eminent domain...if the taking is for the purpose of private development...." was ratified in 2006. It was one of many actions that various states took, in the wake of Kelo v. City of New London the previous year, to limit the uses of eminent domain permitted by that decision.

Article 28-a. Unfunded mandates
Although counties, cities, and towns in New Hampshire are legal constructs of the state, Article 28-a. was added in 1984 to stop the practice by which the state expanded their duties. It provides that any "new, expanded or modified programs or responsibilities" must either be "fully funded by the state" or "approved for funding by a vote of the local legislative body...."

Article 36. Pensions
Article 36 barred the state from providing pensions except for "actual services...and never for more than one year at a time." Article 36–a was added in 1984 to clarify that the state retirement system is constitutional, and to earmark its funds to pay the benefits due retirees.

Part II – Form of Government
Part Second contains 101 articles that specify how state government functions. Article 1 established The State of New Hampshire as the official name of the sovereign and independent state, formerly known as the province of New Hampshire. The remainder of Part II is subdivided in the following sections:

The General Court
Articles 2–8 establish the framework for the General Court and its authority to establish courts, enact state laws affecting the Government of New Hampshire, provide for the State's emergency powers, gather funding, and use collected monies.

House of Representatives
Articles 9–24 establish the authority and makeup of the House of Representatives, the lower house of the General Court. This section of the Constitution establishes how representatives are elected, their responsibilities, and their privileges. These articles make clear that all state-level budgetary legislation must originate from the House, much like the British House of Commons and the United States House of Representatives.

Articles 11 (formerly 10) and 11-a provide that representative districts are set by statute. Redistricting is often litigated. In 2002, the state supreme court dictated the districts. Article 11 was last amended in 2006 to provide that towns whose size entitles them to one representative will have their own representative, but to allow the use of floterial districts spanning several towns or wards to achieve greater precision.

Article 15, Compensation of the Legislature, fixes the pay for General Court members at $200 per term (two years) and $250 for the presiding officers. Legislators also receive mileage for "actual daily attendance on legislative days, but not after the legislature shall have been in session for 45 legislative days or after the first day of July following the annual assembly of the legislature."

Senate
Articles 25–40, excluding 28 which was repealed in 1976, define the role and makeup of The Senate, the upper house of the General Court. This section is similar to the section regarding the House of Representatives, with the largest difference that the Senate is the ultimate arbiter of all elections.

Articles 38–40 describe how state officers may be impeached and be punished for bribery, corruption, malpractice or maladministration, in office. The House of Representatives is given the authority to impeach state officers, while the Senate hears, tries, and determines all impeachments made by the House. The articles also state the rules for the Senate's impeachment hearings and provide for the Chief Justice of the New Hampshire Supreme Court to preside over the impeachment hearings involving the Governor, but not have a vote.

Executive Power – Governor
Articles 41–59 define the roles and selection of the Executive Branch. The Governor of the State of New Hampshire (originally styled "President") is the supreme executive magistrate and is titled "His Excellency". The Governor is given the sole authority to command the New Hampshire National Guard and sole right to sign or veto bills and resolutions passed by the General Court and is charged with the "faithful execution of the laws". The Governor is elected to a two-year term at the November biennial elections, and must be 30 years old and have been a resident of the state for seven years at the time of election.

With the advice of the Executive Council, the Governor has the authority to call the General Court into session when in recess, to adjourn it early, and dissolve the General Court as required for the welfare of the state. The Governor, with the advice of the Council, has the authority to pardon offense not for impeachment; and to nominate and appoint all judicial officers, Attorney General, and all officers of the navy, and general and field officers of the state National Guard.

Article 58 states, "the governor and council shall be compensated for their services, from time to time, by such grants as the general court shall think reasonable;" and Article 59 requires that "permanent and honorable salaries" be established by law, for the justices of the superior court.

Council
Articles 60–66 discuss the selection, ejection and conduct of the five Executive Councilors.

Secretary, Treasurer, etc.
Articles 67–70 discuss the duties and selection of the state's treasurer, secretaries and other such officials.

County Treasurer, etc.
Article 71 details the responsibilities and powers of county level officials such as the county sheriffs, county attorneys, county treasurers, registrars of probate, and registrars of deeds. Article 72 details the selection of registrars of deeds, which usually is a countywide position.

Judiciary Power
Articles 72-a.–81 dictate the rights and responsibilities of the Supreme and Superior Courts as well as other state sanctioned court officers.

Clerks of Courts
Article 82 gives judges of the courts (except probate) the sole authority to appoint clerks to serve office during the pleasure of the judge. Clerks are prohibited from acting as attorneys in the court of which they are a clerk and from drawing any writ originating a civil action.

Encouragement of Literature, Trade, etc.
The first half of Article 83 tasks future legislators to "cherish the interest of literature and the sciences, and all seminaries and public schools...." The text was amended in 1877 to clarify that state money could not go to religious schools.

In 1993, the New Hampshire supreme court agreed with school districts near Claremont in the first of several Claremont cases that Article 83 made equal public education a state responsibility. The Claremont cases began an era in which the supreme court repeatedly found school–funding legislation unconstitutional. In 2009, the court found the original suit was moot and the Claremont era ended. The General Court has debated, but has never approved, a constitutional amendment that would align the right of education with the legislature's authority to appropriate funds and the desire for local control.

The second half of Article 83, added in 1903, empowers the state to regulate economic activity. It declares a right to "free and fair competition in the trades and industries" and specifies that a goal of regulation is to "prevent...combination, conspiracy, monopoly, or any other unfair means."

Oaths and Subscriptions Exclusion From Offices, etc.
Articles 84–101 (excluding Articles 97 and 99) regard the installment of appointed and elected state officials; and the method for the Constitution taking effect, it being enrolled, and methods for proposing amendments.

Method of Amendment
Unlike the U.S. Constitution, in which amendments are set out beneath the main body (and brackets or strike-through are sometimes used to show text in the main body that an amendment has made inoperative), amendments to the New Hampshire constitution change the text in place. Although a law book with annotations describes amendments to the text, the actual amendment is not included in a presentation of the constitution; only the text as the amendment revised it. An amendment will sometimes add an article; for instance, an article following Article 12 will be called Article 12-a.

Amendments are proposed both to make policy changes and to make clerical changes such as gender neutrality.

Part II, Article 100 of the constitution provides for the following two methods of proposing amendments to the constitution:

General Court
A three-fifths vote of each house of the General Court is required to send a proposed constitutional amendment to ratification (see below).

Constitutional Convention
A majority vote of both houses of the General Court is required to place the following question on the ballot: "Shall there be a convention to amend or revise the constitution?" If such question has not been submitted to the people in ten years, the Secretary of State is required by Pt. II, Art. 100 to place the question on the ballot. A majority of qualified voters participating in an election is required to convene a convention. At the next election the delegates are elected by the people, or earlier as provided by the General Court. A three-fifths vote of the number of delegates is required to send a proposed constitutional amendment to ratification (see below).

Ratification
An amendment approved by either of the above methods is sent to the people at the next biennial November election. A two-thirds vote of the qualified voters participating in an election is required to ratify the amendment. If the amendment does not receive this vote, it does not take effect.

New Hampshire voters do not have the power to make or repeal laws through referendum, but a handful of proposed constitutional amendments routinely appear on the ballot in most general elections.

History
On June 5, 1781, a constitutional convention was convened and began writing the state's new constitution. In the Spring of 1782, a draft of the constitution was sent to town meetings for ratification. During the town meetings there were substantial proposed amendments that the Constitution was redrafted by the Convention and resubmitted to town meetings in Fall 1782. The second draft of the 1782 Constitution was met with even more proposed amendments. A third draft was necessary before it was resubmitted and accepted in the town meetings "as is." In Spring 1783, a requisite number of town meetings ratified the third draft and it became effective June 2, 1784. On October 31, 1783, the constitution was established and the Convention adjourned sine die, after having declared the constitution ratified.

On September 7, 1791, a constitutional convention began drafting 72 amendments to the 1784 Constitution be redrafted into a new whole document and submitted it to the people on February 8, 1792. The revisions of the 1784 Constitution submitted to the people became effective June 5, 1793.

Since 1793, there have been only five constitutional conventions. They have proposed 64 amendments, of which the voters have ratified 26. On November 6, 2012, voters for the seventeenth time declined to call a constitutional convention.

Before 1964, the only method for amending the constitution was by convention every seven years. The adoption of an amendment to Pt. II, Art. 100 allowed for either the General Court or Constitutional Convention to submit amendments to the people for adoption.

1776 Constitution
On January 5, 1776, the Congress of New Hampshire voted in Exeter to establish a civil government, and specified the manner and form that government would have. The Congress ratified the Constitution at the urging of the Continental Congress. The 1776 Constitution did not contain a Bill of Rights, nor was it submitted to the people of New Hampshire. The constitution was the first constitution ever ratified by an American commonwealth.

The Constitution established a legislature with two branches: a House of Representatives (or Assembly) and Council. The popularly elected convention which framed this Constitution was called a Congress, and it was to reconstitute itself as the House of Representatives. The House was to select 12 freeholders – a certain number from each county – to form the upper house, or Council. Should the conflict with Great Britain last beyond 1776, and barring instructions to the contrary from the Continental Congress, the Constitution provided for the popular election of the Councilors. Together the Assembly and Council were responsible for running the government of the colony, including the appointment of all civil and military officers. The Constitution did not provide for a chief executive of any kind.

title: Constitution of New Hampshire


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Philippa baryan

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Jitse Niesen (talk) 01:59, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

Philippa baryan
For a famous child prodigy, she sure doesn't have any Google whatsoever. Neither does her father. Aussies/Kiwis, is this for real? - Lucky 6.9 06:04, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Australia-related deletions.   -- Cyberjunkie | Talk 05:12, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Of course not: pure Vanity. should be speedied--Porturology 06:24, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * reading the discussion page this has to be a joke. i think its quite good and deserves a place in BJADON--Porturology 06:31, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I doubt it. Get rid of it. The same user has made Amber Baryan, which smacks of nonsense also. Dysprosia 06:05, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete, even if true, nn. I speedy deleted the article on her mother because it failed to allege notability (note that her mother's article didn't even mention these supposed books).  Let's not fill in all of those red links, please?  Zoe 06:06, August 26, 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep--Figgleeeeeo 06:11, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above is the article's author, who also claims to be the mother of the subject. Zoe 06:13, August 26, 2005 (UTC)

Delete That information would be better on their userpage.--inks 06:24, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

See also Tara Undercliff and Dance under the pretty trees. Zoe 06:29, August 26, 2005 (UTC) Capitalistroadster 15:57, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * delete non-verifiable, and, probably, non-factual. Trollderella 07:21, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, unverifiable/vanity. - Mgm|(talk) 10:00, August 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Also delete all related articles, Tara Undercliff is a pseudonym and should be included in the soon to be deleted page on the author in the first place. And Dance under the pretty trees is a self-published book no one knows about. Last statement in article is pure advertising. - Mgm|(talk) 10:02, August 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete and the related stuff, per Mgm. --GraemeL (talk) 10:27, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I'm an Australian and I've never heard of her or her Dad. A Google search on her came up empty handed. I can assure you that if a four year old child prodigy daughter of a TV celebrity had written her first book, there would be rather more interest than shown in this search.
 * Delete Almost certainly a hoax. Dottore So 18:59, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity. *drew 23:08, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete--Cyberjunkie | Talk 05:12, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User talk:Lord Voldemort/Archive 2

'''This is an archive. Please go to my talk page to leave a new message. Thanks.''' -- Lord Bishop ± Voldemort 14:56, 8 September 2005 (UTC)

George Walker Bush Vandalism

 * your edits*either discontinue your vandalism of Goerge Bush or you will be blocked--I-2-d2 17:45, 16 August 2005 (UTC)

 * My Response. --Lord Voldemort (Dark Mark) 17:52, 16 August 2005 (UTC)

Lilious welcome
thanks for the wellcome. I'm not really new to wikipedia, i've been editing here and there small bits, now i'm just getting more involved with a proper login.

See you

Lilious 15:25, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

Welcome
Hi there, mr."You-Know-Who"...(in Portuguese, it is "Você-Sabe-Quem").

Thank you for your welcome message! --Andrev 15:31, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

Meng
Meng is a society like The Knights of Columbus or the Free Masons :o)
 * Except only in one tiny area, made up of only one tiny group of friends. We know BS when we see it. --Lord Voldemort (Dark Mark) 19:46, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

Aight Aight, I removed it, u win, i prolly shoulda read the wiki guidlines before posting that, oh well, such is life.

Thanks for the welcome...
Thanks very much for your kind welcome.

Consider me your personal guide to all-things Matrix :-D

I'm not a fanboy - I'm just a fan fighting for the under-represented commuity of Matrix Trilogy fans out there.

But don't worry, because I'm into a helluva lot more than that!

I'm actually finding this whole scheme very difficult to get used to, but I'm sure I'll get there. So far, I've just been looking at how other people are doing it and sorta just doing it parrot-fashion as I learn the ropes.

Thanks again, and I'll be sure to let you know if I run into any difficulty. Long live free information! :-D Max314 18:48, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Hey, no problem. --Lord Voldemort (Dark Mark) 18:57, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

Response Thank you very much ;-)

Talk:Christianity
Wow one hell of an archive, you do realise thats over 2.5 megs rite?! :) --Cool Cat My Talk 16:37, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, the page was over 341 KB, and I kept getting into edit conflicts while trying to archive stuff, so I figure we can just split the archive into separate ones instead of trying to edit from the talk page which is constantly changing. Sound fine? --Lord Voldemort (Dark Mark) 16:41, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I have no objections it just 2.5 megs is crazy! :) --Cool Cat My Talk 16:43, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * There, I trimmed them down some. I think they are now 97KB, 83KB, and 76KB, or something close like that.  Hopefully you aren't asking for more division. --Lord Voldemort (Dark Mark)  16:56, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I wasnt asking for anything, just commented on a long overdue archive... O_O;; --Cool Cat My Talk 17:00, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

New and improved
Lord Voldemort ę  How's that for a signature? ‡ Jarlaxle 19:41, August 23, 2005 (UTC)

 * It's not too bad, except I like having a bigger link for my talk page. I'll stick with what I have for the time being, but may opt for something more like your suggestion in the future. Cheers. --Lord Voldemort (Dark Mark) 19:44, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

re: Image:PIC1.jpg
Looks like it is a blatant copyright violation because the banner has no fair use or encyclopedic value. Thus I have tagged it with {{imagevio}} and listed it on Copyright problems. Thanks for alerting me. Zzyzx11 (Talk) 20:48, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * By the way, Don't forget to substitute templates with section headers (such as  and  ) when you use them on talk pages: it reduces server load, and prevents accidental blanking of the template. Zzyzx11 (Talk) 20:48, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks. I tried using {{subst:..., but it wasn't working. I'll do it from now on. And thanks for the info on tagging images. --Lord Voldemort (Dark Mark) 20:54, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * All I recommend to those who ask that question is that it is up to you if you want to go back and subst all those messages. And yes, it does look funny if you do it because it does activate the "you have new messages" banner for each user. Zzyzx11 (Talk) 21:06, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

Sorry for taking so long to respond. I was going to point you in the direction of WP:CV and tell you to tag it with unverified. Seems the issue is settled now. I don't know if you are aware, since you didn't link to the image, that you can link to an image without including the actual picture by proceeding "Image:..." with a colon. This link is Broken 21:58, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Yep, I'm aware. Thanks for your help. I know how to do quite a bit in the articles, but very little with images. I am trying to get involved in images, but didn't know any tags for unfree images. Thanks for your help. --Lord Voldemort (Dark Mark)  13:39, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

Hello
Hey, ahm, I am already an experience Wikipedia user (and I have contributed to several things myself). I have just forgoten my username (my shame :P) because I didn't write anything for too long. My past username was "Emperor". If a union between my current username and my past one is possible, I would gladly await it. Thank you for your nice welcome, though. HolyRomanEmperor 17:24, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

Re: Archive???
Yes, I know how to archive my user talk page - but I don't want to do it right now. --Joy [shallot]   21:02, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I figured you would know how. I was just trying to be helpful to those of us with really slow computers. Pardon my intrusion. My humblest apologies if I offended you. --Lord Voldemort (Dark Mark) 21:05, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Nah. I'm just a bit tired of telling people "yes, this is by choice" :) --Joy [shallot]   21:09, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

 * May I ask why? I won't post about this topic again on your talk page, since it's so long already, and there is no need for me to make it any longer than it has to be. --Lord Voldemort (Dark Mark) 21:13, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I like to see it all in one place, and it doesn't cause that much of a rendering delay on my machine. Eventually I'll be probably be forced to archive it by technical reasons, but not yet. --Joy [shallot]   22:16, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

 * That's fine. I was just curious. Thanks. --Lord Voldemort (Dark Mark) 13:29, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

American Chopper Template
Thanks again, I'll organize the bike names in a second. Staxringold 18:30, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

Greeting's
Thanks for the hello. I'll try and look up the links (although I've already seen a few), although I think I'm getting the hang of wikipedia, as can be seen in my clean-up / re-write of Paulo Maluf. =]--Vertigo200 15:24, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

...Irish, come into the parlour
Hi there Dark Lord. Glad to see the end of the job hunt and thanks for the welcome. As I'm Irish I would have hoped for a welcome like you gave to Danny Boy. Less of the roads and the Leprechauns, though and more of Guinness and oysters. Now there's an idea. I must complete the Galway Oyster Festival. Nelson50 10:54, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

Thanks
Thank-you for the warm greeting. Giant89

Thanks for the welcome
Yup: Thanks for the welcome. Glad to be here. Just curious, do you really send the welcomes or have you automated that? Jenda OK - but no, I found it very nice and, well, welcoming :)

User:Celestianpower
Thank you for editting my userpage: Much appreciated. I probably would have done it eventually but thank you anyway. You're the second person to heed that guideline on my page. --Celestianpower hab 19:27, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Hey, no problem. I try to do what I can 'round this place. --Lord Voldemort (Dark Mark) 19:30, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

Your edit to my user page
You updated the vandal counter, was that for you "vandalising" it. Howabout1 Talk to me! 22:12, August 30, 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, yes, and the fact that I changed your counter might technically count as vandalism itself. Father, please forgive me. --Lord Voldemort (Dark Mark) 12:42, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I forgive you, my son. :) Howabout1 Talk to me! 03:54, September 1, 2005 (UTC)

And again: thanks for welcome - and question on copyrightviolation
Thank you for welcoming to the english wikipedia. I´ll do my best here, but I guess, due to scarce time it will be not more than adding interwiki-links to the German wikipedia. Anyway, while doing this I recognized a violation of copyright at the article Night Of The Proms (we had the same problem today in the german wikipedia). I already put the violation warning, and listed it at Copyright problems. Maybe you could have a look at that, while I return to German wikipedia. If necessary, I could spend a translation from the German article. Best regards, --Mghamburg 15:05, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

Hello
and thanks for the welcome message. It took me a while to find the talk button. Who thought of the plus sign? Anyway I was born before Coldplay's lead singer, so I had the name first, and if only I had copyrighted it I could take Coldplay to the RIAA or I could have patented it and,... oh well. Seriously though, thanks for the welcome.

 * Yes I have seen Office Space. What's really funny is there's a fairly successful software consultant named Michael Bolton in reality. See developsense.com for info on him. Chris 21:05, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

SaltyPig's problem with Ann Coulter

 * Pieced together from his talk page. He blanked it there, so I reposted it here.

I honestly would like to work with you about this article. It is just hard to argue the constitutional attorney point. --Lord Voldemort (Dark Mark) 16:40, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

 * it's not hard to argue her claim to being a "constitutional attorney" if you approach it as she would approach the claim made by somebody she doubted. all these supposed fans of AC don't enjoy her style of scrutiny directed back at her. where are objective facts about her law career? so she worked at a joint that handles constitutional law. big deal. what did she do? nobody answers that. nobody even knows! but everybody wants to actively put CA back into the article as quickly as possible, not even addressing that i'm the one who was espousing conservatism for the claim (i.e., leave it out until it's substantiated beyond POV, or at least until somebody cites it properly as POV). nobody defended it with anything but "it's pretty much understood that she's this BS term that nobody can quantify meaningfully -- oh, and by the way, it's not POV." crazy. the cult of AC. meanwhile, i was getting hammered so hard from multiple parties that i never got into categorization problems and hierarchy (e.g., corporate, patent, constitution -- as if they're exclusive or on the same cat level). no, what mattered is that AC's marketing brigade has so pepped the web with this ridiculously meaningless term (again i ask, "what american lawyer is not a 'constitutional attorney'"?). nah, you guys were too hasty, and you should all be ashamed of yourselves for not giving an obviously considerate man at least 24 hours to compile a case after being blindsided by multiple parties (and called a leftist, for crying out loud -- utterly bogus). i said i would have a pile of evidence ready by tonight, and next thing i know paul's running around telling somebody with reverts left to revert an edit in active dispute. to hell with every one of ya. you all participated, and not a damned one of you showed any restraint or respect -- even for wikipedia. all a big rush, after i made it clear that i checked well to ensure i wasn't revisiting settled ground. shameful and weak. don't talk to me about working with me on edits after your participation in that nut jobbery. SaltyPig 17:00, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Any person can see I was not trying to push any POV here. Calling someone a "constitutional attorney" is hardly POV. What you wrote to me is bordering very close on a personal attack. I agree with you that there could be more evidence given to support the term, but there is basically no evidence to refute the term. Just because some people say something is not true, does not make it untrue. All the evidence at this point leads a reasonable person to presume she is a CA. And I can't help it if other people are mean, and jump down your throat. I'm just working to create something good, not push POV. If I personally offended you, I am humbly sorry. --Lord Voldemort (Dark Mark) 17:15, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

 * [Blanked my comment] if you can't have text on your talk page, don't start an argument on mine. you sat back and didn't do anything but encourage while unsettled, disputed text was restored (bogus), and then dubious tags removed (very bad form) -- all within hours of the dispute being raised. don't post on my talk page anymore with your one-sided "let's keep it here" baloney. you sat on your butt and watched that utter lack of restraint unfold, doing nothing but feeding the flames of the mob. dubious tags are serious business? now go away. post on your talk page if you must; you're not welcome here. SaltyPig 00:12, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Okay, fine... we can continue this convo on my page if you want, I just thought it would be good to keep it all on one talk page. I didn't just "sit back", I came in late to the discussion and didn't even want to fight about Coulter. I just thought we could act like adults and have a rational discussion. So, in response to you, unless you can find real evidence that it is disputed, there really is no need for tags. We don't just put tags on everything one editor thinks is dubious. The entire Wikipedia would be tagged. You placed the tag with no evidence. Most of the editors decided through rational, adult debate that having her listed as a constitutional attorney was fine. Please, I never wanted to fight. I wish you would not personally attack me either. Thank you for your time. --Lord Voldemort (Dark Mark) 13:44, 6 September 2005 (UTC)

 * [Blanked my comment][removed 13:44, 6 September 2005 (UTC) baloney comment (as in almost entirely false) left days after i requested Lord Voldemort leave me alone.] SaltyPig 14:57, 6 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I am not even bothering you. I was trying to be nice. If you actually look at the edit history of the Ann Coulter page, you will see that I am entirely correct. What did I say that was false? And I only just saw your comment to respond to it. Not everyone monitors your page religiously. Please play nice. I will be the adult here and let you have your talk page the way you want, but just be aware that if someone starts an RfC against you, I now feel obligated to comment against you. Cheers. --Lord Voldemort (Dark Mark)  15:20, 6 September 2005 (UTC)

Blanked entire section. Preserved here. --Lord Voldemort (Dark Mark) 15:56, 6 September 2005 (UTC)

A very British welcome
Thanks for your nationality-specific welcome, I hope the Brits aren't vastly outnumbered around here! --Ross UK 18:49, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

Thanks for the welcome message
I'm still getting used to building and editing pages. Could you look at the page I fixed and tell me if it is correct. The topic is: Bill Sizemore. Thanks... (Davidpdx) September 3, 2005 12:34pm

Thanks
Thanks for the message. I mainly use wikipedia as a reference but I occasionally edit. See you around

IndieJones 03:34, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

Image buggered
Yo, O dark and evil one. It appears that your image on is not altogether there. Nice to have met you. And somebody put the AK curse on Bellatrix, she really is getting quite annoying. Vanderdecken ℘ζξ

 * Yeah... there was no source info on it, so it got deleted. It's really okay. Sad, but okay. Really is an awesome pic. --Lord Voldemort (Dark Mark)  13:20, 6 September 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Lord Voldemort/Archive 2


text:
User:*wert-

Greetings. Not much to say about my person. I am an independent philosopher and musician based in Oberlin, Ohio and Morgantown, West Virginia depending on the time of year.

title: User:*wert-


text:
Kalpavriksha

Kalpavriksha (कल्पवृक्ष, Kalpavṛkṣa) is a wish-fulfilling divine tree in religions like Hinduism, Jainism, and Buddhism. In Buddhism, another term, ratnavṛkṣa (jeweled tree), is also common. Its earliest descriptions are mentioned in Sanskrit literature. It is also a popular theme in Jain cosmology and Buddhism.

The Kalpavriksha originated during the Samudra Manthana or the "churning of the ocean" along with Kamadhenu, the divine cow, providing for all needs. The king of the gods, Indra, returned with this tree to his paradise. Kalpavriksha is also identified with many trees such as parijata (Nyctanthes arbor-tristis), Ficus benghalensis, Acacia, Madhuca longifolia, Prosopis cineraria, Diploknema butyracea, and mulberry tree (Morus nigra tree). The tree is also extolled in iconography and literature.

History
Kalpavriksha is common to the Hindu Bhagavatas, the Jains, and the Buddhists.

Hinduism
Kalpavriksha, the tree of life, also meaning "World Tree", finds mention in the Vedic scriptures. In the earliest account of the Samudra Manthana, or the "churning of the ocean of milk". Kalpavriksha emerged from the primal waters during the ocean churning process along with Kamadhenu, the divine cow that bestows all needs. The tree is also said to be the Milky Way or the birthplace of the stars Sirius. The king of the devas, Indra, returned with this Kalpavriksha to his abode in paradise and planted it there. The tree also finds mention in the Sanskrit text Mānāsara, part of Shilpa Shastras.

Another story says that Kalpavriksha was located on earth and was transported to Indra's abode after people started misusing it by wishing evil things. In Indra's "Devaloka" it is said that there are five Kalpavrikshas, which are called Mandana, Parijata, Santana, Kalpavriksha, and Harichandana, all of which fulfill various wishes. Kalpavriksha, in particular, is said to be planted at Mt. Meru peak in the middle of Indra's five paradise gardens. It is on account of these wish-granting trees that the asuras waged a perpetual war with the devas as the heavenly gods who exclusively benefited freely from the "divine flowers and fruits" from the Kalpavriksha, whereas the asuras lived comparatively in penury at the lower part of its "trunk and roots". The Parijata is often identified with its terrestrial counterpart, the Indian coral tree (Eyrthrina indica), but is most often depicted like a magnolia or frangipani (Sanskrit: champaka) tree. It is described as having roots made of gold, a silver midriff, lapis lazuli boughs, coral leaves, pearl flower, gemstone buds, and diamond fruit. It is also said that Ashokasundari was created from a Kalpavriksha tree to provide relief to Parvati from her loneliness.

In some versions of Hindu mythology, Shiva and Parvati, after many painful discussions while parting with their daughter Aranyani, gave her away to the divine Kalpavriksha for safekeeping when the demon Andhakasura waged war. Parvati requested Kalpavriksha to bring up her daughter with "safety, wisdom, health and happiness," and to make her Vana Devi, the protector of forests.

Jainism

In Jain Cosmology Kalpavrikshas are wish-granting trees which fulfill the desires of people in the initial stages of a world cycle. In initial times children are born in pairs (boy and girl) and don't do any karma. There are 10 Kalpavrikshas which grant 10 distinct wishes such as an abode to reside, garments, utensils, nourishment including fruits and sweets, pleasant music, ornaments, fragrant flowers, shining lamps and a radiant light at night.

According to Jain cosmology, in the three Aras (unequal periods) of the descending arc (Avasarpini), Kalpavrikshas provided all that was needed, but towards the end of the third ara, the yield from them diminished. Eight types of these trees are described in some texts, each of which provided different objects. Thus from the "Madyanga tree" delicious and nutritious drinks could be obtained; from the "Bhojananga", delicious food; from "yotiranga", light more radiant than the sun and the moon; while from "Dopanga" came indoor light. Other trees provided homes, musical devices, table ware, fine garments, wreaths and scents.

The Tiloya Panatti give the following list: Pananga, Turiyanga, Bhusananga, Vatthanga, Bhoyanga, Alayanga, Diviyanga, Bhayananga, Malanga, Tejanga with excellent drinks, music, ornaments, garments, edibles and ready-made dishes, mansions to live in, lamps, utensils and garlands of flowers respectively while the last type, namely Tejanga, seems to be self-luminous, serving the purpose of heavenly luminaries.

Buddhism
In Buddhism a small wish granting tree is depicted decorating the upper part of the "long-life vase" held by "longevity deities" like Amitayus and Ushnishavijaya. The goddess Shramana devi holds jeweled branch of Kalpavriksha in her left hand.

Worship of the Nyagrodha tree as a form of non-human worship is depicted in a Buddhist sculpture at Besnagar. This sculpture in Besnagar, also known as Vidisa (Bhilsa), is dated to third century BC and is exhibited in the Calcutta Museum.

In Myanmar, where Theravada Buddhism is practiced, the significance of the Kalpavriksha is in the form of an annual ritual known as Kathina (presenting a robe) in which the laity present gifts to the monks in the form of money trees. At the kingdom of Ketumati's front gates, it is thought four Kalpavrikshas will spring up from the Earth and provide enough valuables to satisfy all of Jambudvīpa for years.

Identification with trees
In different states of India some trees are specifically referred to as the Kalpavriksha. These are stated below.

The banyan tree (Ficus benghalensis), also called Nyagrodha tree, which grows throughout the country is referred to as Kalpavriksha or Kalpataru because of its ability to amply provide for human needs.

The coconut tree (Cocos nucifera) found in most regions of the country is called "Kalpavriksha", as every part of it is useful in one way or the other. The coconut water inside the nut is a delicious drink. In dried form it is called copra and is used to manufacture oil. The coconut husk, called coir, is used to make rope. Leaves are used to make huts, fans, mats. Palm sugar is made from budding flower. The dried midrib is used to make boats.

Ashwatha tree (sacred fig tree) is also known as Kalapvriksha where the deities and Brahma are stated to reside, and it is where sage Narada taught the rishis on the procedure for worshipping the tree and its usefulness.

Mahua tree (Madhuca longifolia) holds an important place in the day-to-day life of the tribal people. It is like the Kalpavriksha wish tree called madhu (Madhuca indica).

Shami tree (Prosopis cineraria), found in desert areas of the country, called in local dialect as Ajmer or jaant is called Kalpavriksha. In Rajasthan desert area its roots go deep to a depth of 17 –. This checks the erosion of the sandy soil of the desert. For this reason the tree stays green even during drought conditions. People of Rajasthan hence regard this tree as Kalpavriksha, because at the time of drought when no grass or fodder is found anywhere the animals are able to sustain by eating its green leaves.

Chyur tree in the high altitudes of the Himalayas growing at an altitude between 500 and 1000 m, known as the Indian butter tree (Diploknema butyracea), is called a Kalpavriskha, or tree of paradise by the people of the mountainous region as it yields honey, jaggery and ghee. It is in the shape of an umbrella.

In Joshimath in Uttarakhand a mulberry tree, which is said to be 2400 years old, is renowned and revered as the Kalpavriksha as it was the location where, in the 8th century, Adi Sankaracharya did penance under the tree as he considered it an incarnation of Lord Shiva. It is also believed that sage Durvasa meditated under this tree, in Urgam. The mountain slopes of Kailasa are stated to have a profusion of Kalpavrikshas.

At Mangaliyawas near Ajmer, Rajasthan, there are two revered trees (Male and Female) which are more than 800 years old, known as Kalpavrikshas. They are worshipped on an Amavasya day in the Hindu month of Shraavana.

In Ranchi, Jharkhand, there are three Kalpavrikshas. They are at a locality called Hinoo. In Tamil Nadu's culture, tala (Borassus flabellifer) a variety of Palmyra palm (Borassus), also known as toddy, is referred to as Kalpataru as all its parts have a use. This tree is also native to Asia and South East Asia, has normally a life span of 100 years, grows up to 20 m height; its leaves in the shape of a fan are rough texture. The leaves were used for writing in the ancient times.In the Harivansh Puraan, the Parijata, baobab tree, is called a Kalpavriksha, or wish bearing tree, which apart from the village of Kintoor, near Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, is believed to be only found in heaven. The tree has mythological link with prince Arjuna of the Pandava clan who is said to have brought it from heaven. His mother Kunti after whom the village Kintoor is named used to offer flowers from this tree to worship Lord Shiva. It is also said that Lord Krishna brought this tree from heaven to please his wife Satyabhama.

Kalpalatha is another wish fulfilling tree, a creeper, which was extolled during the later part of the Aryan period. It is said that a person standing below this tree would be blessed with beautiful ornaments, dresses and even unmarried girls.

In Thailand, pink shower tree (Cassia bakeriana) is also called the Kalpavriksha or Kanlapaphruek in local dialect. It is believed to be the tree of success.

Iconography
In iconography, Kalpavriksha, the wish-fulfilling tree, is painted within a picture of a landscape, decorated with flowers, silks, and suspended with jewellery. It is a pattern which has a prominent symbolic meaning. Ornamental Kalpavriksha design was a feature that was adopted on the reverse of the coins and sculptures in the Gupta period.

Kalpavriksha is also dated to the Dharmachakra period of Buddhism. The paintings of this period depicting the tree with various branches and leaves have a female figure painted on its top part. The female figure is painted from mast upwards holding a bowl in her hand. Similar depiction of female figure with tree representing it as presiding deity was a notable feature during the Sunga period as seen in the image of "Salabhanvka" in the railing pillars.

In most paintings of Kalpavriksha Shiva and Parvati are a common feature. It forms a canopy over Shiva. In one painting Paravati is paying obeisance to Lord Shiva with her hands held up in adoration when she is blessed with a stream of water from the Kalpavriksha.

Literature
A Kalpavriksha is mentioned in the Sanskrit work Mānāsara as a royal insignia. In Hemādri's work Caturvargacīntama, the Kalpavriksha is said to be a tree of gold and gem stones.

In poetry Kalpavriksha is compared to Lakshmi as its sister emerging from the sea. It is born to the Naga King Kumuda, the fifth descendant of Takshaka, along with his sister Kumudavati. It emerged from below the bed of the Sarayu river challenging Kusa considered an incarnation of Vishnu just in the disguise as a son.

Kalidasa, in his poetry Meghadūta epitomizing wish-fulfilling trees found in the capital of the Yaksha king extols the virtues of Kalpavriksha as "the dainties and fineries for the fair women of Alaka, coloured clothes for the body, intoxicating drinks for exciting glances of the eyes, and flowers for decorating the hair and ornaments of various designs".

title: Kalpavriksha


text:
Vallejo Flour Mill

The first Vallejo Flour Mill, in the Niles district of Fremont, California, was built in 1841 by José de Jesús Vallejo (1798–1882), elder brother of General Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo, on his Rancho Arroyo de la Alameda, along with a dam and aqueduct to power it. The Flour Mill was located at the mouth of Niles Canyon, then called Alameda Cañon, which served as the major course of Alameda Creek. A second Flour Mill was built in 1856, the stone foundation of which may still be seen today.

The ruins of the Vallejo Flour Mill is located at the northeast corner of Niles Canyon Road (State Route 84) and Mission Boulevard (State Route 238) in Vallejo Mill Historical Park. In 1932, it was designated a California Historical Landmark (#46).

A watercolor painting of the 1856 Flour Mill, done by Carmelita Vallejo, J & J Vallejo's daughter then finishing her studies at the San Jose Notre Dame Academy, showed several buildings surrounding a three-story Flour Mill building with a large wooden wheel on the north side. According to the Alameda County Gazette (January 1857), the wheel was the overshot design, 30 feet in diameter and 8 feet broad, and the millstone was 4 feet in diameter. The Flour Mill cost $5,000 and had a capacity of 150 barrels of flour a day.

In 1909, the 1841 adobe mill was torn down to make way for a wye-switch built by Southern Pacific Railroad.

Impact of the first transcontinental railroad
In 1865–1866, Western Pacific, one of three companies to build the first transcontinental railroad, built 20 mi of track north of San Jose towards Sacramento. This 20 mi railroad segment skirted the Vallejo Flour Mills at the mouth of Alameda Cañon (now Niles Canyon) and reached halfway into the canyon, about a mile past the Farwell Bridge near milepost 33 where it stopped. The Western Pacific used 500 Chinese laborers to grade and construct the rail line into the rugged canyon with its tight curves and narrow banks. Four major timber through (Howe) truss bridges were built to cross Alameda Creek and Arroyo de la Laguna Creek. In addition to building wooden bridges and grading the railroad bed, the laborers built culverts, retaining walls, and bridge piers in masonry. In October 1866, construction was halted because of disagreements between the railroad's contractors and its financiers.

In June 1869, the Central Pacific Railroad, a subsidiary of which had acquired the Western Pacific and Oakland Point in 1868, restarted work on the railroad line through Alameda Cañon, also using Chinese laborers, and added a new line from the canyon northwest towards Oakland. The new line started in the canyon a mile east of the Mills at a junction initially called the Vallejo Mills Junction and followed the line of Vallejo's aqueduct, which was torn out to build the railroad and then rebuilt. Since the junction in the canyon was confining, Central Pacific started to grade a new junction in the valley just west of the Mills to service both the 1869 transcontinental mainline as well as the 1866 Western Pacific San Jose line. That same year, J & J Vallejo's son, Plutarco Vallejo, with surveyor Luis Castro, laid out the first subdivision of 23 lots along Vallejo Street south of the Mills and east of the new junction. The subdivision plat, dated 3 November 1869, was recorded as Vallejo Mills, a.k.a. Vallejo Mill, Vallejo's Mill, or Vallejo's Mills. Also in November, the Transcript reported that the railroad purchased a quarter section of land west of the new junction for a new town.

After the completion of the First transcontinental railroad to the Pacific coast, Central Pacific renamed by December 1869 the Vallejo Mill station and junction in the canyon as Niles, after their railroad attorney and stockholder, Addison Niles, who became two years later associate justice on the California Supreme Court. On April 28, 1870, Central Pacific switch over to the new junction in the valley, which sprang to life as Niles. That same year, Central Pacific also built a railroad depot, complete with a restaurant and saloon, at the Niles junction for the convenience of the transferring train passengers. Thereafter, the Vallejo Mills settlement became known as Niles and the byline Niles, Cal started to appear in newspapers by the mid-1870s.

''The people of Vallejo Mills in 1857 received their mail by way of Centreville until after the railroad was built. Then the name of the place changed to Niles and an express office was established... After... two years it was moved to the depot. It was not until 1873 that Niles had a Post-office, it opening in November of that year.''—handwritten account by Mrs. Snyder from Niles, 1904

Similarly, Alameda Cañon became known as Niles Canyon. The town plat for Niles west of the new junction, with its lettered and numbered grid streets, was registered in 1884 and did not begin to develop commercially until the early 1890s. In 1956, Niles became a district within the city of Fremont.

title: Vallejo Flour Mill