text:
Talk:Kelly Lamrock

Untitled
Created temp stub... will go back and add more later, creating New Brunswick MLA articles is an ongoing project of mine. - Jord 21:40, 17 August 2005 (UTC)

Removal of word "educator"
I removed the word "educator" from the description because there is nothing in the biographical material that indicates this subject fits the definition. Here is the Merriam-Webster definition: "1: one skilled in teaching: teacher; 2a: a student of the theory and practice of education: educationist 2b: an administrator in education." — scribbling  woman  00:57, 2 April 2008 (UTC)

Section on Bathurst
Their should be a section on Lamrock's response to the Boys in Red Tragedy. The policies put in place since them have severely impacted extracurricular activities in the province. --Kuzwa (talk) 03:04, 30 October 2008 (UTC)

Since there is now a full article on the tragedy, I think all this article needs is a brief paragraph with a link to the longer article. How about the following text?

In the fall of 2008, Lamrock has announced his intention to introduces changes to the New Brunswick Education Act to improve safety during the extracurricular transport of students. These changes have been proposed in response to the Boys in Red Tragedy which killed eight persons returning from a basketball game in January 2008. Dirac66 (talk) 15:57, 30 October 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Kelly Lamrock


text: Category:Youth festivals

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Youth festivals


text:
1966 Tour de France

The 1966 Tour de France was the 53rd edition of the Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. It took place between 21 June and 14 July, with 22 stages covering a distance of 4329 km.

Lucien Aimar was a domestique of 5-time Tour winner Jacques Anquetil. Aimar joined a breakaway in the middle of the tour and ended up on the leader board. Anquetil then began helping Aimar win the Tour, to make sure and deny it to his then-enemy Raymond Poulidor. After stage 18 Aimar's victory was certain barring disaster. Anquetil rode hard that day to ensure it and then quit the race.

The points classification was won by Willy Planckaert, and the mountains classification by Julio Jiménez. The team classification was won by.

During the Tour, word spread that there was going to be a dope test, and many riders left their hotels to avoid the tests. As a protest against the tests, riders staged a strike during stage nine, dismounting and walking their bicycles. Eventually they started riding again, but only after arguing with officials.

Teams
As in the years before, the 1966 Tour de France was run with trade teams; each trade team consisted of 10 cyclists, and at least six of them needed to have the same nationality. The Tour organisation had full control over the team selection.

Initially, there would be only two Belgian teams, but one month before the Tour it was decided that three Belgian teams would be fielded, with the Smiths team being the late addition. Shortly after this, a medical test showed Felice Gimondi, winner of the 1965 Tour de France, could not defend his title because he was physically not fit; his team then decided not to start at all, so the number of teams was back to thirteen.

The organisers then invited the Italian team (headed by Italo Zilioli and Franco Balmamion) to replace Salvarani,  but at the last moment they refused. Thirteen teams started, for a total of 130 cyclists.

The teams entering the race were:

Because the champion of 1965 (Gimondi) and his team did not start, the number one jersey was given to the Ford France team, because they had the winner of 1964 (Anquetil).

Route and stages
The 1966 Tour de France started on 21 June, and had two rest days, in Luchon and Turin. The highest point of elevation in the race was 2556 m at the summit tunnel of the Col du Galibier mountain pass on stage 16.

The team time trial was decided by the times of the five fastest riders of each time; the outcome had no effect on the individual classifications.

Race overview
Rudi Altig won the first stage with a small advantage. In the next stages, no big time differences were made, so Altig was able to defend his lead until the mountains.

The eighth stage broke the record for fastest mass-start stage, held since 1938.

The first mountains were in the tenth stage. A group including Lucien Aimar and Jan Janssen gained time on pre-race favourites Jacques Anquetil and Raymond Poulidor, and Tommaso de Pra won the race and became the new leader. The next stage, Lebaube became the leader, and Kunde took over in the twelfth stage.

In the time trial in the fourteenth stage, Anquetil was defeated by Poulidor. Kunde remained the leader, with Janssen in second place. In the sixteenth stage, Julio Jiménez escaped in the Pyrenées, and he was followed by a group including Janssen, Anquetil and Poulidor, but without Kunde. Jiménez stayed away, but Janssen became the new leader.

Even though the seventeenth stage included two mountain climbs, it was not considered too difficult, because these climbs were located in the first half of the stage. The cyclists made the climbs in one large group, but in the descent, a large group escaped. They were chased by teammates Anquetil and Aimar, and when most of the escapees were caught, Aimar continued on his own, and surprised Janssen by this. Janssen lost time on Aimar, and Aimar became the new leader.

In the eighteenth stage, Janssen wanted to attack, but Aimar and Anquetil stayed close to him. Poulidor, sixth in the general classification, managed to escape, but Anquetil led the chase on him. The next day, Anquetil left the race, sick and no longer able to win himself.

Janssen managed to win back some time on Aimar in the final time trial, but it was not enough, and Aimar became the winner of the Tour. Janssen became the first Dutch cyclist to reach the podium in the general classification in the Tour de France.

Classification leadership and minor prizes
There were several classifications in the 1966 Tour de France, two of them awarding jerseys to their leaders. The most important was the general classification, calculated by adding each cyclist's finishing times on each stage. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader, identified by the yellow jersey; the winner of this classification is considered the winner of the Tour. Unlike the years before, the 1966 Tour did not use time bonuses for stage winners.

Additionally, there was a points classification. In the points classification, cyclists got points for finishing among the best in a stage finish. The cyclist with the most points led the classification and was identified with a green jersey.

There was also a mountains classification. The organisation had categorised some climbs as either first, second, third, or fourth category; points for this classification were won by the first cyclists that reached the top of these climbs first, with more points available for the higher-categorised climbs. The cyclist with the most points led the classification, but was not identified with a jersey. The Tour organisation had considered to add the rule that to be eligible for the mountains classification, a rider had to be placed high in the general classification. After protests from riders, this rule was changed, such that to win the mountains classification in 1966, a rider had to finish the entire Tour.

The intermediate sprints classification was newly introduced in 1966. Every stage had one intermediate sprint, and the first three riders at each sprint scored points. The intermediate sprints did not give a time bonus for the general classification, nor points for the points classification. There was no special jersey for the leader of this classification.

For the team classification, the times of the best three cyclists per team on each stage were added; the leading team was the team with the lowest total time. The riders in the team that led this classification wore yellow caps.

In addition, there was a combativity award given after each stage to the cyclist considered most combative, although it did not use this name in 1966. The split stages each had a combined winner. The decision was made by a jury composed of journalists who gave "stars". The cyclist with the most "stars" in all stages lead the "star classification". Rudi Altig won this classification. The Souvenir Henri Desgrange was given to the first rider to pass the memorial to Tour founder Henri Desgrange near the summit of the Col du Galibier on stage 16. This prize was won by Julio Jiménez.

Doping
In June 1965, the French government enacted a law that made doping in sports illegal. This made knowingly taking doping explicitly not allowed in the Tour de France. Doping tests were for the first time held during the 1966 Tour de France, and were conducted on behalf of the French government, not the Tour organisation. As such, no time penalty was given for a positive result, and riders were not expelled from the race.

The first doping tests of the 1966 Tour were held after the eighth stage, in Bordaux; Raymond Poulidor was amongst the first tested. In the next stage, riders held a protest during the stage against the doping tests.

A second round of doping tests was done after the twelfth stage. In total, 12 doping tests were done, all of them using urine samples. Six riders gave positive results:
 * Herman Vanspringel
 * Julien Delocht
 * Guido Neri
 * Gilbert Bellone
 * Jean Dupont
 * Roger Milliot

Riders received a fine of up to 5000 francs from the French government. Bellone appealed the penalty, on the grounds that it was not proven that he knowingly had taken doping. Judgement was made in 1969, and the appeal was successful: because it is almost impossible to prove that someone takes doping knowingly, the law was thereafter seldomly used.

Aftermath
The Tour of 1966 did not give the battle between Anquetil and Poulidor that spectators had hoped for. The organisation acknowledged that the 1966 Tour had been a failure, and decided that the formula needed to be changed.

The organisation of the Tour de France was not happy with the riders' reactions on the doping controls. The organisation also looked at the success of the 1966 FIFA World Cup, and its success was credited to using national teams, and the mix of professional and amateur athletes. The Tour de France organisation wanted to copy this, and wanted to make the 1967 Tour be a Tour with national teams, partly professional and partly amateur.

The amateur teams should have come from communist countries, but they were not interested. The idea of having national teams was protested against by the trade teams. The trade teams suggested a compromise of "national trade teams": one trade team for each country would be chosen, which could include riders from other teams, using their own shirt sponsors. But this compromise was not used, and the 1967 Tour would be held with national teams; the Tour organisation sent invitations to national associations, who would select riders.

title: 1966 Tour de France


text: Category:Online schools

title: Category:Online schools


text:
Talk:Tomoyo Daidouji

Sexual Orientation
You have no proff whatsoever about the same-sex "idol worship". I have heard people use alot of terms like platonic love, fake love and now  same-sex "idol worship". I wonder how much time was needed to come up with this one. But seriously I think using this term is kinda an insult against the orginal creators CLAMP. (That's what I think)

There is no comically-exaggeration. Whole CCS is a comic isn't it. So you could say this about all manga. And anime and manga is mostly drawn like this, the reason being to indicate a feeling or emotion.

Quit fooling around. A debate link?, if you don't know anything about the manga then don't speak and write. Their is nothing to debate about since it's overly clear >_<. But I know how people like you think.. I hope your not one of those anti-lesbians girls. Tomoyo has lesbian feelings and most probably allready is lesbian, period. What is your gain from all this anyway? CLAMP provided hints and it is also clear through the manga. Sadly enough apparantly not everyone can see these overly clear signs in their work.

Attempting to state something as if it were fact when nothing was ever confirmed is hardly a demonstration of honest presentation in any sense of the word. This article has too much bias by one of the editors.

Sorry, Tomoyo's sexuality is 100% debatable. I've heard some fans claim that Clamp has said in the past that she is lesbian, but they never provide a source for the statement. As far as I can ascertain, they've never said definitevely one way or the other.

For anyone interested, here's a link to a debate on Tomoyo's sexuality where both sides of the debate are presented reasonably fairly and without flaming. (I'm not 50Something Sensei.)

 * This link actually has much more evidence that she is in fact in love with Sakura. The evidence against that is in fact only western misintrepetation. Especially notice what the manga says, it in fact has Tomoyo state that she loves Sakura outright - and not as a friend. I wonder why lesbianism is always talked away even when the characters outright state it. It was confirmed by Clamp, twice(once in the interview mentioned below, once in another about the amount of Tomoyo's love), and also stated in the manga, around the capturing of the Flower.
 * Saying "I love my best friend" and saying "I want to have sex with my best friend" are to completly differnt things. (Animedude 22:31, 22 July 2007 (UTC))

One of the editors of this article is attempting to impose their viewpoint concerning Tomoyo's sexuality here as being Lesbian even though nothing was ever confirmed or denied by the creators, CLAMP.

 * I'll just restart the discussion here. Concerning a recent edit (19 May 2006), the article currently does not say that Tomoyo is a lesbian.  It just offers the speculation and notes how some fans will conclude it, but it is not a confirmed fact.  I don't think there's hard evidence in either the series or any of CLAMP's interviews (that I know of) on the subject, but the main point is that the article is currently quite neutral about it, right?  --Crisu 18:57, 19 May 2006 (UTC)

 * In a fictional article, I have always believed that observation of the show itself is a source. CLAMP has been known for putting such taboos in their other shows as well. This is far more than what is needed to make the statements that have been made.  I completely agree with Cirsu on this matter.  Our information comes from the observation of the anime, you can't except sources to be so cut and dry like they are in other articles. -- Ned Scott 21:56, 19 May 2006 (UTC)

 * The article is still very NPOV, and it is transparent that there are still attempts at downplaying Tomoyo's sexuality. It was confirmed by clamp. This is not fan speculation.

 * Until the creators explicitly state things in a specific media, it remains merely speculation and any attempt to state otherwise is little more than weaseling. --Aldis90

 * In most cases there is no need to go to such lengths, and indeed few writers would be willing to particularly concerning works they have already completed. Not only is it unneccesary, but a creator's statement about a work years or even decades after the fact is not reliable or neccesarily even relevant. Also, unlike many western comics book writers CLAMP has some faith in the intelligence of even a juvenile audience. But one thing that is overlooked in ths discussion is that in CLAMP's body of wrk in general, and CCS in particular, the concept of "sexual orientation" is very far from a cut-and-dried thing; additionally, a large part of the theme of the series is the concept of "love" predating and transcending that of "sexuality" -- indeed, the bulk of the series is about all the forms love takes, from familial to romantic and every stage in between. Many western readers had great difficulty with that comncept; hence many of the controversies surrounding the characters of Toya and Kaho, not to mention Rika's engagement to Terada-sensei, and that is why the series had to be essentially pithed to get past the standards and practices of American television stations. That is why it is important, in discussing this series, to be cautious when it comes to categorical statements. If you were to ask CLAMP about this whole discussion, they would probably say (once they had taken the sake glass away from you) that the labels "gay" or "straight" were not something they were even thinking about in terms of their characters, because they didn't want such labeling to get in the way of the story they wanted to tell. The one thing that is clear is that for Tomoyo, sakura Kinomoto is "The One she Loves Best". She is clearly comfotrtable with the idea of that person being the same sex as she is. The question of whether she would seek sexual relationships with other women instead when she grows up is completely irrelevant to the topic and is the province of the fanwriter and doujin artist, not the encyclopedist. Michael Hopcroft 09:19, 28 October 2006 (UTC)

It is interesting that the original Cardcaptor Sakura expresses same-sex relationships and the edited Western version does not when, statistically, Japan is not as accepting of same-sex coupling as Western society. I suspect it stems from the Japanese 'closet' culture.Rabbitlover 17:34, 25 January 2007 (UTC)

NPOV removal
The following paragraph:

"Most observers believe that CLAMP put in a yuri and shoujoai relationship in their work but that they did not intend to focus on this relationship later on and wanted to have a normal girl vs boy relationship to have the overhand. It's was merely impossible for them to finish the CCS series with a shoujo-ai relationship between Tomoyo and Sakura. Since they made the series for a younger audience. However they still wanted to keep open all possibilities for there fans, so they ended with an open end."

has been removed due to being excessively fan-speculative with no official support (though if such support exists, do provide it and link to it), argument inciting, and being really badly written. Also, various extraneous data (about Sonomi's relationship with Nadeshiko) has been removed, grammar has been cleaned up, and frankly there's no reason to Wiki-link to so many small words like "relationship", "feelings", and "mutual".

The article being now reworded to be more strictly factual and less interpretive, the NPOV warning has been removed. Put it back on if it still appears too not-neutral.

KLSymph 07:10, 6 November 2005 (UTC)

Eraser Love
Oh, why can't the eraser get all the credit? =P (Rather it wasn't the eraser itself but Sakura's act of giving her a gift when she was in need.)  --Crisu 14:11, 6 March 2006 (UTC)
 * haha, I know, but it kind of made it sound like "oh, hey, if you give Tomoyo an eraser she'll be all over you for LIFE!" -- Ned Scott 19:27, 6 March 2006 (UTC)

Interview reference
I finally found the source to that fact I remember about how Tomoyo was originally drawn to like Toya. Unfortunately, it turned out to be a fan-translation posted on LiveJournal rather than something in a more 'official' format. Nevertheless, it did come from an interview found in the Memorial Book (which I do own at home, so I can check the page number later on at least). The link to the translation is http://usomitai.livejournal.com/68511.html --Crisu 23:17, 5 July 2006 (UTC)

Tomoyo initially was made to seem to like Toya. For example, in the first episodes, she blushed in his presence... but she blushed because Toya's ears remind her of Sakura, as herself said some time later. I don't think Tomoyo's infatuation with Sakura is debatable. During the manga, Tomoyo confesses a number of times, albeit shyly. Still, her mature behaviour when the subject gets serious hints that her feelings are not subject to POV.s She seems more confident about her feelings than a young adult like Toya.

Japanese same-sex adoration works differently - watch Utena [Even though it may seem that Wakaba is infatuated with Utena, she is in fact deeply in love with Saionji] for more details. --SatoshiMiwa 10:39, 19 February 2007 (UTC)

Age?
I see no where in the article how old she is. how old is she? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Angelofdeath275 (talk • contribs).

 * Well, she's the same school year as Sakura, and Sakura is 10. -- Ned Scott 05:38, 1 October 2006 (UTC)

LGBT?
Either she's an LGBT character (and stays in the Category:LGBT characters in comics as well as the LGBTProject) or she's not (and both tags are removed). Comments? -- SatyrTN (talk | contribs) 04:47, 27 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Just because she might be a lesbian doesn't mean the article should be tagged with the LGBT project banner. This is the same logic I apply when removing banners for, say, WikiProject Hats when they decide to tag every article about someone who whore a hat. A character being gay does not make the article about being gay. It's out of the logical scope of the project, and adding the banner just adds to the over-tagging problem. -- Ned Scott 05:03, 27 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Since you've removed the banner from at least four articles, and since you're not a member of the WikiProject, I'd like to take this to the WikiProject talk page. -- SatyrTN (talk | contribs) 05:22, 27 March 2007 (UTC)

 * We don't have to take it there, WikiProjects have no authority on such matters. I'll likely leave a message there anyways, in hopes of defusing this misunderstanding (although I can get a bit hot headed and make things worse, I shall try to stay calm). A scope that includes any fictional character that says they're gay doesn't help WikiProject LGBT, it doesn't help the articles, and is just a bad way to think about a project's scope. Now there's this added complication that we're dealing with a controversial topic, but keep in mind I take this same approach for most projects that start mass tagging fictional-topic articles, when the project doesn't have a real relation with the topic of the article. -- Ned Scott 05:34, 27 March 2007 (UTC)

 * One of the reasons I think that any fictional character that says they're gay falls within our scope is precisely because there are so few such characters. It's kind of like saying Alan Turing doesn't belong to the project - his being gay certainly wasn't a big part of all that he accomplished.  But it is a factor in his article and is a part of the project. -- SatyrTN (talk | contribs)  05:44, 27 March 2007 (UTC)

Censorship
The article says Had such romantic elements towards Sakura existed, an uproar over the portrayal of yuri being shown to Western children would most likely have occurred. - this is too general and false. CCS aired (and is currently airing) in Brazil, with no censorship. AFAIK, Brazilian children are western children... Albmont 00:48, 12 October 2007 (UTC)

'Western' is most often used when talking about Europe and USA from my experience in which a uproar would most likely HAVE occurred. (Please note that I have NO CLUE how to add a comment properly so I don't know if something went wrong, Im just testing and hoping Im right) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.233.19.93 (talk) 20:17, 4 May 2008 (UTC)
 * Also that sentence sounds like WP:OR - If a reviewer said this in a review, you could use that sentence. WhisperToMe (talk) 11:57, 15 October 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tomoyo Daidouji


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The Spacemen

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was no concensus. - Mailer Diablo 16:51, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

The Spacemen
not notable, vanity - nomination by User:Ben-w
 *  Speedy Delete - created by same anon as The Slabs which is was speedied PubLife 22:20, 17 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Is there something wrong with anons trying to fill in red links? Kappa 02:54, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. Not all redlinks are notable.  Is that a "Keep" vote?  --Alan Au 04:23, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * No, that wasn't a vote, it was more a "don't bite the newbies" thing. However, since Music of Kansas cites a source for his original band's notability (Blush, Steven. American Hardcore: A Tribal History. 2001. Feral House. ISBN 0-922915-717-7), I will in fact vote Keep. Kappa 04:49, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Hey, I'm a practically a newbie myself and I'm not biting anyone - I left him a message on The Slabs discussion page with some links and put a welcome note on his IP User Page. Having said that, I'm not convinced any encylopedia needs an article on an 'urban rap electronic trance' outfit once started by a minor musician in the Kansas 80's Punk scene, but still happily remove the Speedy part of my original vote. PubLife 09:18, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. Prehaps actually READING the guidelines is a good thing... had I done that previous to putting in this entry, I would not have posted it. I don't think that the reference to The Slabs could be stated as a reference to an 'extremely notable' source, minor scene as you stated... so I would conceed the point.  However as the page notes say not to remove it myself, I will let the process take its own course. Thousand pardons begged...lesterUbe

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

boing bleep dribble dribble


text: User talk:212.209.42.132

title: User talk:212.209.42.132


text:
William Robertson Wood

The Reverend William Robertson Wood (June 6, 1874 —December 11, 1947 ) was a Presbyterian minister and politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1915 to 1920, as a member of the Liberal Party.

Wood was born in Veira, Orkney, Scotland, the son of William Wood and Margaret Robertson, and came to Canada in 1887. He was educated in Scotland and at Port Elgin High School, at the University of Toronto and at Knox College in Toronto, graduating in 1904. In the same year, he married Margaret Workman. Ordained as a Presbyterian minister, he served in Dunbarton, Ontario from 1904 to 1908, in Claremont, Ontario from 1908 to 1913, and in Franklin, Manitoba after 1913. He continued to work as a minister after winning election to the legislature. From 1916 to 1917, he was secretary of the Free Trade League of Canada. In 1917, he became secretary of the Manitoba Grain Growers' Association. In 1919 Wood received a D.D. from Bates College.

He first ran for the Manitoba legislature in the 1914 provincial election, losing to Conservative cabinet minister James H. Howden by 32 votes in the Beautiful Plains constituency. Howden did not seek re-election in the 1915 election, and Wood defeated his Conservative opponent J.H. Irwin by 197 votes. The Liberals won a landslide majority in this election, and Wood served as a backbench supporter of Tobias Norris's government.

He did not seek re-election in 1920. Wood became secretary of the United Farmers of Manitoba serving until 1925. In that year, he became chairman of the Manitoba Prohibition Alliance.

In 1928, he became principal of the Ahousat Indian School on Vancouver Island and later, of the Indian School at Portage la Prairie. From 1943 to 1946, Wood was chaplain for the Stony Mountain Penitentiary.

He died in Portage la Prairie as the result of injuries sustained in a fall in Poplar Point.

title: William Robertson Wood


text:
High-definition television in the United States

High-definition television (HDTV) in the United States was introduced in 1998 and has since become increasingly popular and dominant in the television market. Hundreds of HD channels are available in millions of homes and businesses both terrestrially and via subscription services such as satellite, cable and IPTV. HDTV has quickly become the standard, with about 85% of all TVs used being HD as of 2018. In the US, the 720p and 1080i formats are used for linear channels, while 1080p is available on a limited basis, mainly for pay-per-view and video on demand content. Some networks have also began transmitting content at 1080p via ATSC 3.0 multiplex channels, with CBS and NBC affiliates being the main stations that transmit at 1080p.

Proposals and introduction
The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) began soliciting proposals for a new television standard for the U.S. in the late 1980s and later decided to ask companies competing to create the standard to pool their resources and work together, forming what was known as the Grand Alliance in 1993.

On July 23, 1996, WRAL-TV (the then CBS affiliate in Raleigh, North Carolina; now affiliated with NBC) became the first television station in the United States to broadcast a digital television signal.

HDTV sets became available in the U.S. in 1998 and broadcasts began around November 1998. The first public HDTV broadcast was of the launch of the Space Shuttle Discovery and John Glenn's return to space; that broadcast was made possible in part by the Harris Corporation. The first commercial broadcast of a local sporting event in HD was during Major League Baseball's Opening Day on March 31, 1998, the Texas Rangers against the Chicago White Sox from The Ballpark in Arlington in Arlington, TX. The telecast was produced by LIN Productions, and overseen by LIN Productions president and Texas Rangers television executive producer Lee Spieckerman. The game was also the inaugural telecast on the digital channel of Dallas/Fort Worth, Texas NBC affiliate KXAS channel 5. The event was simultaneously shown via satellite at a reception attended by members of congress, the FCC and members of the industry in Washington, DC. This telecast was also the first commercial HD broadcast in the state of Texas. The first major sporting event broadcast nationwide in HD was Super Bowl XXXIV, broadcast by ABC on January 30, 2000. By the 2014–15 season every network show producing new episodes had transitioned to high definition.

Satellite and cable
Satellite television companies in the United States, such as Dish Network and DirecTV, started to carry HD programming in 2003. Satellite transmissions in the U.S. use various forms of PSK modulation. A separate tuner is required to receive HD satellite broadcasts.

Cable television companies in the U.S. generally prefer to use 256-QAM to transmit HDTV. Many of the newer HDTVs with integrated digital tuners include support for decoding 256-QAM in addition to 8VSB for OTA digital. Cable television companies started carrying HDTV in 2003.

Currently, HD programming is carried by all major television networks in nearly all DMAs, including ABC, CBS, NBC, FOX, PBS, The CW, MyNetworkTV, Telemundo, Univision, and UniMás; and on many independent stations. All but a select few of cable networks offer an HD broadcast to cable and satellite companies.

HD programming on broadcast and premium networks such as HBO and Showtime had Dolby Digital 5.1.


text:
Talk:Life with Lucy

Filmed episodes
Changed number of filmed episodes to 13 (from 12). Source: Lucy-Desi Museum -- http://www.lucy-desi.com/site_images/library_images/episode_lwl.html she was known as the "Red Head"

Fair use rationale for Image:Lwlcard.jpg
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title: Talk:Life with Lucy


text:
Wikipedia:Peer review/Pear of Anguish/archive1

Pear of Anguish
This is the talk page to discuss ways to improve the article. There has been a lot of arguing over the factual basis for the article and I am hoping that some helpful people are willing to find information on the subject. 129.170.90.88 21:45, 17 August 2005 (UTC)
 * As is mentioned in the Peer Review header, content disputes should be taken to Requests for comment where they may be better addressed. --Allen3 talk 23:58, August 17, 2005 (UTC)


text:
User:Matt Casey

I'm a 22-year old grad student at Lehigh University, majoring in Computer Science. My research work has been in robotics, computer vision, and computer algorithms. I program for class, work, and fun.

Articles I've Created

 * Infinity norm - No content right now, just redirects to distance. Maybe it should have its own entry..

Articles I've Edited

 * Google - Updated article to reflect a settlement, removed a really crappy paragraph
 * Radiohead - Fixed a link
 * Lehigh University - Added logo, photo gallery, added James Ward Packard to the alumni list. More work to be done here...
 * Denial-of-service_attack - Repaired vandalism
 * CAPTCHA - Added the "Origin" section
 * Fight song - Completed Lehigh's list of current Fight Songs
 * Central High School (Grand Junction, Colorado) - Randomly stumbled upon this article and made it into a respectable stub

To Do

 * Lehigh University - Better history, more information, something about Lafayette (something reasonable...)
 * Packard - Split up the man and the company
 * Packard Motor Car Company - Reorganize the information and add more to the early story
 * James Ward Packard - Bio
 * K-D Trees
 * Maybe something about Human Interactive Proofs
 * Add information about the Son-of-Franklin

title: User:Matt Casey


text:
Andy Knowles

Andy Knowles (born Andrew John Knowles; 30 June 1981, in Bolton) is an artist, director and musician.

Knowles started his drumming career with Skuta, and then in 2003 formed the cult group I Love Lucy out of the Glaswegian Art rock scene. Touring as drum tech with Glaswegian band Franz Ferdinand, Knowles met Matthew and Eleanor Friedberger of the New York band The Fiery Furnaces and was invited to join the group.

After extensive touring and recording drums on the Fiery Furnaces album Bitter Tea, Knowles left the band and rejoined Franz Ferdinand as a live drummer/keyboard player.

Knowles presently fronts the London-based band $au$age$.

title: Andy Knowles


text:
Pride (2004 film)

Pride is a 2004 television comedy-drama film about two lion cubs as they grow up and face the harsh realities of adulthood. Produced by the BBC and shown on A&E in the U.S., the film features the voices of numerous British actors and uses CGI technology to enhance footage of actual lions and other animals. Jim Henson's Creature Shop provided the digital effects and animatronics for the film. It was shot in Tanzania's Serengeti National Park.

Plot
Suki, her cowardly brother Linus, and their conceited cousin Fleck are all lion cubs. When two rogue lions called Dark and Harry known as "The Wanderers" attack and while the lionesses help, they kill Fleck's mother leaving him an orphan. Suki and Linus decide to go exploring and find out how the Wanderers got across the river. Their mother Macheeba thought it impossible for the Wanderers to get across as there are Nile crocodiles in the river. Suki and Linus find a dead tree making a bridge, which is probably how the Wanderers got across. Elephants destroy the bridge leaving the cubs (and the Wanderers) trapped. When they meet Dark, he saves them from a pack of spotted hyenas, and Suki develops a crush on him. She and Linus have no choice but to swim across the river, and they successfully do.

As the cubs become teenagers, Suki and Linus are being taught to hunt. Suki does not want to hunt and becomes a vegetarian. Fleck thinks that Suki and Linus do not like him because he is an orphan. Often in the film, Linus tries to practice hunting but is humiliated twice (being urinated on by an olive baboon, and trying to hunt a banded mongoose, but is chased up a tree by a herd of cape buffalo). When Suki, Fleck and Linus are adults, Suki refuses to hunt/contribute to the pride as she sees it as cruelty to kill animals, therefore rendering her useless or another mouth to feed to the other lions, and, seeing as she does not see that she fits in, leaves the pride and becomes a Wanderer. After a year with the Wanderers, Suki now has Dark's cubs but still refuses to hunt. One night Harry, who killed Fleck's mother, eats all but one of Suki's cubs, Rory. Harry claims they went missing and threatens for her last cub to "go missing" if she does not contribute. That night Suki overhears Harry talking to Dark about striking another attack on the pride saying they will kill them all. Outraged, Suki goes back to warn her pride about the impending attack.

On her way back, Suki meets Lush, a lion who left the pride to see the rest of the world. Suki asks him to help her find some food and help fight the Wanderers. She hunts for the first time to provide food for the pride as they had not eaten for a while. Since the pride will not accept Fleck, he decides to join the Wanderers. Soon a fight erupts on the mountain top containing Harry and Linus where Harry dies by falling off the cliff side after Dark refuses to help him because Dark had just found out what Harry did to his cubs. Both Fleck and Dark leave after the battle, with Fleck threatening his revenge, claiming he will come back with an entire group of "highly-trained lions." Suki mates with Lush and has his cubs as Linus decides to leave to see the rest of the world and vows to come back when he is needed.

Animals seen in the film

 * African lion
 * White-backed vulture
 * plains zebra
 * blue wildebeest
 * cape buffalo
 * nile crocodile
 * spitting cobra
 * African bush elephant
 * spotted hyena
 * olive baboon
 * warthog
 * banded mongoose
 * sable antelope
 * black rhinoceros
 * Marabou stork

title: Pride (2004 film)


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Wizard (DC Comics)

The Wizard is a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics.

The Wizard was played by Joe Knezevich in the first season of the television series Stargirl for DC Universe and The CW network.

Publication history
The Wizard first appeared in All Star Comics #34 (April–May 1947) in the story titled "The Wiles of The Wizard" written by Gardner Fox with art by Irwin Hasen. In October 1947, the Wizard was one of the six original members of the Injustice Society, who began battling the Justice Society of America in All Star Comics #37 (October 1947).

Fictional character biography
Born in approximately 1913, William Asmodeus Zard grew up living a life of crime. As a gun man for various crime bosses, he ultimately ended up in jail. With the passage of time, he formulated a strategy to become a specialized kingpin. To accomplish this task, he moved to Tibet and trained under a proficient lama in the mystic arts of illusion and deception. Upon completion of his training, he proceeded to slay his master. Returning to the United States, he embarked on a career as a criminal magician. Believing that the Justice Society of America was merely a cover for a criminal organization, he first offered a reward of $1,000,000 to them in the paper under the alias W. I. Zard, later asking to join them. To prove to himself that they were not really criminals, the Wizard attempted several criminal acts which were thwarted one by one by members of the Society. Realizing his misconception, he tried to destroy them with his illusions, but was stopped by Doctor Mid-Nite's blackout bomb.

The Wizard helped to form the Injustice Society with Per Degaton, Vandal Savage, Thinker, Gambler, and Brain Wave, which engineered five jailbreaks. Each member proceeded to steal some key item from the U.S. government while leading an army of prison escapees, taking control of a portion of the American midwest, and collectively they captured their heroic counterparts, with the Wizard capturing Wonder Woman and Johnny Thunder. However, Green Lantern was able to outwit Brainwave who believed him to be dead after he fell into a ravine, though his power ring saved him at the last moment, and free the rest by impersonating the Thinker who he had captured, who was acting as a judge in the 'trial' of the JSA, where the Wizard was acting as prosecutor. The Wizard's escape was circumvented by some junior fans of the JSA.

The Wizard proceeded to escape prison once more and reformed his gang with new members Icicle, Fiddler, Sportsmaster, Huntress, and Harlequin. Each member would try and commit a 'patriotic crime', steal a historical item, and the leader would be voted for by the American people. The Harlequin, as it turned out, was actually not a criminal at heart; she merely kept up the pretense to attract the attention of Green Lantern. The JSA were captured after being knocked out by the Sportsmaster's bomb and having their memories removed. Along with aspiring Justice Society member the Black Canary, the Harlequin soon freed the heroes and restored their memories with her hypnotic glasses. However, a subliminal message had been left to restore the members to their mindless state when they heard fingers snapping, allowing the Injustice Society to recapture them when they attempted to stop the crimes. The Wizard, during the crimes, stole the Freedom Train. The JSA were placed in a chamber in which they would soon be killed. However, their memories were restored again, by the Black Canary, and they captured their foes.

In the late 1940s, the Wizard was contacted by Colonel Future to help get revenge on Earth-Two's Superman by removing him from existence and given the Glastonbury Wand, which had once belonged to Merlin and had been stolen by Future's henchmen. The Wizard accidentally eliminated only his memory of being Superman, but his Clark Kent identity remained. In 1950, Clark married Lois Lane; Lois realized he was Superman after seeing evidence of his invulnerability. Lois found the Wizard, who was now homeless and unable to perform acts of magic due to his shattered confidence at not being believed that he was responsible for Superman's disappearance. She convinced him to restore Superman's memory, after which the Wizard was happy to be sent to jail because he was now publicly known to have successfully removed Superman for a "couple of years".

The Wizard soon escaped and visited the Black Canary, exacting revenge on her for interfering with his second Injustice Society by granting the powers of a sonic scream to their baby daughter also named Dinah Lance. This girl eventually grew up to become the second Black Canary.

The Wizard proceeded to form a new villainous organization known as the Crime Champions, which teamed up with their counterparts on Earth-1 to battle the Society and Justice League of America. The villains used a vibration device accidentally discovered by the Fiddler to escape to the other Earth after committing robberies. The Wizard escaped Green Lantern and Black Canary during a million-dollar robbery. He disguised himself as Doctor Alchemy using his magic and the rest of the Earth-2 criminals disguised themselves as the Earth-1 Crime Champions. He battled Superman and Green Arrow, and helped trap the J.L.A. in their headquarters with magic. On Earth-1 he battled Hawkman and Black Canary and was beaten again, before being finally defeated by Aquaman, Wonder Woman, and the Earth-2 Flash. Years later, he again reformed the Injustice Society which were temporarily victorious, enlisting the aid of extra-dimensional writer Cary Bates in killing several members of the J.S.A prior to their being revived.

By the 1970s, Zard and the other Injustice Society members invaded the Justice Society headquarters, severely injured Hourman and staged a crime spree that spanned the globe. They were later apprehended.

Soon, he and the Injustice Society members went to Earth-1 to recruit younger villains to fight the Justice Society. The Wizard went there with the Fiddler, but once on Earth-1 he unexpectedly found that his sorcerer's powers began to weaken. Apparently, the travel from Earth-2 to Earth-1 caused the effect; the reverse happened with the Phantom Lady, who gained intangibility power when she traveled from Earth-X to Earth-1.

On Earth-1, the Wizard was recruited into Darkseid's Secret Society of Super Villains, which he later took over with other villains who revolted. The Wizard was later apprehended and sent to jail, where his powers largely faded. After escaping from prison, the Wizard reformed the Secret Society and tricked them into obtaining four magical relics: the Cloak of Invisibility, the Power Glove, the Power Stone, and the Dragon Box. Unable to control the Dragon Box, the members of the Society were captured, but the Wizard incorporated the remaining three items into his new costume. The Wizard led the Secret Society back to Earth-2 in a plot to capture the JSA, which was a success when they captured the Atom, Doctor Mid-Nite, and Mr. Terrific. The JSA were alerted and defeated them.

The Wizard was responsible for a coup in which his Secret Society, consisting of himself, Professor Zoom the Reverse-Flash, the Floronic Man, the Blockbuster, and Star Sapphire, switched bodies with members of the JLA. This happened in Justice League of America #166–168, a storyline that was revisited in Identity Crisis (2004), where it was revealed that Zatanna wiped the heroes' secret identities from the villains' minds following their defeat.

The Wizard later returned to Earth-2, once again reassembling the Crime Champions with the help of Johnny Thunder of Earth-1, but was once more defeated by the combined might of the JSA and JLA. He later appeared briefly during the JSA's trial before congress for allegations of misconduct during World War II, but was quickly defeated by Doctor Fate.

Sometime later, he moved to Canada and joined with the Fiddler and the Shade as well as new villains the Icicle II, Artemis Crock (later called the Tigress), the Harlequin III, and Hazard, to form the group Injustice Unlimited, the second incarnation of the Injustice Society, where they fought Infinity, Inc. and the Global Guardians. The Wizard was presumably killed by the second generation Hourman, Zard still had the trick of faking his death.

Of course, this too was an illusion, and he had transported himself to the land of Faeries where he could recoup his power base. Once more, he was defeated by an assemblage of heroes and by his own ego.

The Wizard appeared in the JSA All-Stars miniseries in which he disguised himself as the villain Legacy and captured the elder members of the Justice Society. He was then "killed" by the Spectre.

Shortly after Identity Crisis, Despero gave the surviving Secret Society members their memories back. In the JLA story, "Crisis of Conscience", the Wizard appeared as part of a reformed Secret Society of Super Villains looking to avenge themselves against the forced erasure of their memories. Aided by Felix Faust, they attacked the Daily Planet, and were stopped once again by the Justice League. After defeating Despero at Wayne Manor, the League was disbanded and Zatanna re-wiped the memories of all six Society members.

He has since appeared in JSA: Classified as part of a new Injustice Society that includes the Icicle, the Tigress, Solomon Grundy, the Gentleman Ghost, the Rag Doll, and Johnny Sorrow and gained possession of the key to the Ghost Zone.

During the Infinite Crisis, the Wizard was again seen in the Secret Society of Super Villains.

He showed up again fighting under the command of Johnny Sorrow as part of the Injustice Society.

In the DC Universe following the end of the "DC Rebirth" brand, Wizard was seen as a member of the Injustice Society when Hawkman and Hawkgirl recount their time in the 1940s when the Justice Society fought the Injustice Society. Wizard faced off against Green Lantern and was defeated by him.

Powers and abilities
The Wizard originally only knew the secrets of illusion, hypnosis and astral projection. In later times, he is a skilled magic user capable of performing various effects. Maybe his highest power degree was when he possessed the Wand of Glastonbury. He came into possession of the key to the Ghost Zone allowing him access to another dimension and teleportation through it.

Other characters named Wizard
There are different characters who are called Wizard:

 * The wizard Shazam has often been referred to as the "Wizard" by Captain Marvel and the Marvel Family.
 * The Wizard is an electricity-manipulating supervillain who faced off against Bulletman.
 * Vincent Watson is a criminal who faced off against Robotman.
 * Alec Royer is a villain who used stage magic to make airplanes disappear, royal jewels float away, and alien monsters appear on the streets. His activities attracted the attention of the Blackhawks who managed to draw him out and defeat him.
 * Horace Kates escaped prison with Aquaman foe "Shark" Norton, and the two resolved to switch M.O.s to avoid their respective enemies. However, Aquaman captured Norton even on land, while Green Arrow and Speedy, using pneumatic-air crossbows and oxygen tanks, defeated the Wizard and his hirelings in an underwater battle.
 * A different Wizard was the hero form of Robby Reed. Robby divided himself into a superhero called Wizard and a supervillain called Master to turn off the Dead Man's Switch and defeat a supervillain called Shirkon. Though Master thought he had killed his good half, Wizard actually survived and created the H-Dials that Chris King and Vicki Grant use. In the final battle with Master, Wizard appeared and managed to merge with Master changing them back into Robby Reed.

Television

 * A character based on the Wizard named Sir Swami appears in the Justice League two-part episode "Legends", voiced by Jeffrey Jones. He is a supervillain from an alternate universe and member of the Injustice Guild.
 * The Wizard appears in Young Justice, voiced by Corey Burton.
 * The Wizard, renamed William Zarick, appears in Stargirl, portrayed by Joe Knezevich. This version is a member of the Injustice Society of America (ISA). Ten years prior to the series, Wizard partook in the ISA's attack on the Justice Society of America (JSA)'s headquarters, during which he defeated Hourman and claimed Eclipso's Black Diamond. In his civilian identity, Zarick works as a Blue Valley councilman, an executive and financial supporter of a prominent business called The American Dream, which is run by other former members of the ISA, and is the father of aspiring magician Joey Zarick (portrayed by Will Deusner) and the husband of Denise Zarick (portrayed by Cynthia Evans). Having grown weary of his obligations to the ISA and wanting a normal life with his family, William rebuffs his former leader Icicle when he comes to seek help against Stargirl amidst her attempts to revive the JSA. After Joey is killed in an accident that Icicle caused, William confronts him to avenge his son, but is frozen to death. When the media reports that William died of a heart attack and Icicle uses his company to name a theater in William's honor, Denise becomes suspicious and realizes that her husband and son were murdered by members of Blue Valley's elite. She tries to leave after warning Pat Dugan, who later discovers her car's remains in a junkyard.

Film
An unrelated Wizard appears in Batman and Robin, portrayed by Leonard Penn. This Wizard is a mad scientist and masked mystery villain who is later revealed to be Carter Hammill.

title: Wizard (DC Comics)


text:
Paul Lake

Paul Andrew Lake (born 28 October 1968) is an English former professional footballer who played for Manchester City and represented England at under-21 and B team level.

He had an excellent early career with Manchester City, winning the FA Youth Cup in 1986 and helping the club to win promotion out of the Second Division in 1988–89. However a ruptured Anterior cruciate ligament in September 1990 would lead to several seasons struggling with knee injuries, and he would only play four further games from that point before announcing his retirement in January 1996. Despite his career effectively ending at the age of 21 he was later inducted into the Manchester City Hall of Fame, and was seen as a player who would have been a key first team player for many years had it not been for his injury problems.

Lake went on to spend ten years as a physiotherapist in the game, working with Macclesfield Town and Bolton Wanderers. In 2008 he was recruited by Manchester City as its City in the Community Ambassador, helping to forge links with local charities. In 2013, he joined the Premier League as a Club Support Manager, liaising with various football academies across the north of England. He also works as a match day co-commentator for BBC Radio Manchester.

Early life
Lake was born on 28 October 1968, five minutes before his twin sister Tracey, to Sheila McGinty (housewife) and Ted Lake (asphalt technician). He grew up in Haughton Green, though both his parents came from Ardwick. The twins were the younger siblings of Susan (born 1962), David (1964), and Michael (born 1966). Lake had a son Zachary Lake (1997) to his first wife Lisa Johnson Lake He had a son called Edward Lake (2003) and Hannah Lake (2006) to his second wife. He spent all of his free time during childhood playing football. He grew up supporting Manchester City, as he was taken to games at Maine Road by the local milkman. His great-uncle George was on the books of Manchester City before the First World War.

Club career
At the age of eight he played for the Denton Youth under-12 side. He won the 1980 Smiths Crisps Six-a-Side Championship with his school, St Mary's RC Primary (Denton), and scored the winning goal in the Wembley final against St Cuthbert's School (Sunderland). He was spotted by Manchester City scout Ted Davies playing for Denton Boys under-13s, who got him a place alongside Andy Hinchcliffe on Blue Star, a feeder team to Manchester City. Ian Brightwell later joined the team, though by then the club had changed its name to Midas, and later Pegasus. Lake became an associated schoolboy at City in July 1983, and signed a contract to become a Youth Training Scheme apprentice in July 1985. He won a treble in the 1985–86 season, as the reserve team won the Central League, the 'A' team won the Lancashire league title, and the youth team beat Manchester United in the FA Youth Cup final. He signed professional forms with the club on his 18th birthday.

Following an injury to David White, Lake was given his first-team debut by manager Jimmy Frizzell on 24 January 1987 in a 0–0 draw with Wimbledon at Plough Lane. He scored on his home debut on 21 February in a 1–1 draw with Luton Town. New manager Mel Machin gave him more of a run in the first team early in the 1987–88 season after centre-half Kenny Clements picked up an injury. On 7 November he featured in City's 10–1 victory over Huddersfield Town. He became a regular first team player, but missed the last three games of the season with a knee injury he picked up against Bradford City.

On 11 March 1989, he came close to death when he was knocked unconscious during a match against Leicester City and subsequently suffered with a blocked airway whilst lying on the ground. It had taken some minutes for the City doctor to make his way from the director's box to the pitch and as a result of the incident the Football Association changed their rules to ensure that club doctors must remain at pitch-side during games. He played in every outfield position throughout the 1988–89 campaign as City secured promotion out of the Second Division with a second-place finish.

Despite beating rivals Manchester United 5–1, the 1989–90 season saw City initially struggle to adapt to life back in the First Division after two seasons away. Machin was sacked in November 1989, and Lake later said that his replacement, Howard Kendall, was "the best boss I ever had". City ended the season in 14th place, five points above the relegation zone.

He was appointed as club captain for the 1990–91 season and was given a new five-year contract. However three games into his captaincy he picked up an injury against Aston Villa. An initial X-ray showed no broken bones and he was told it would take six weeks for the injury to heal. However, he broke down after initial straight line running work stepped up to include twisting and turning. An arthroscopy revealed a ruptured Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), and he underwent pioneering surgery to reconstruct the ligament using tissue taken from the patella tendon of the same knee; he was initially given a six-month recovery time which could have seen him back in the team at the end of that season. However, when the time again came to train with a football his knee gave way once again.

He was declared fit to play again in June 1991 following months of recovery time at Lilleshall Hall. He re-ruptured his ligaments during pre-season training and had to undergo the knee operation for a second time, despite the fact the initial operation did not appear to have worked as expected. He spent the 1991–92 season back at Lilleshall, and by the end of his time there he had spent more time at the medical centre there than any other footballer.

He returned for pre-season training in June 1992, and he played in a number of pre-season friendlies without incident, though his knee still required a lengthy period of rest after matches. Manager Peter Reid stated that "it's like being handed a new £3 million player". He started the opening Premier League game of the 1992–93 season on 17 August, a 1–1 draw with Queens Park Rangers, but was substituted 60 minutes in after feeling pressure in his knee. Despite still feeling that his knee needed rest he went on to play against Middlesbrough at Ayresome Park two days later. Ten minutes into the game his ligament snapped for the third time and he was substituted off. Six weeks later he travelled to Los Angeles to see Dr Sisto, an expert on cruciate ligament injuries. Before going on the trip he told The Sunday People that the club and chairman Peter Swales had not handled his injury in the correct manner and left him feeling like "a piece of meat" as players at other clubs received specialist treatment straight away and received appearance and bonus pay during long-term absences. Despite Lake being alone in America, the club refused to pay for his girlfriend to fly out to LA to be with him during his recovery from surgery, and so Niall Quinn and Peter Reid organised a whip-round to pay for her flight tickets. The lack of leg room on the economy flight back to the UK also damaged his knee, though the club had flown the fully fit club physio back to England in business class.

He made brief reserve team appearances in early 1994, but was unable to participate beyond the spring as he was fitted with a knee brace to aid with his recovery. With the likelihood of a return to fitness seeming remote he resorted to trying holy water, acupuncture and faith healing, all to no effect. As the injury saga continued he began to suffer from depression, and he was put on a course of anti-depressants for a number of years. After years of operations his knee had numerous screws inserted and he needed surgery to re-straighten his leg; he remained on a lifelong prescription for anti-inflammatory painkillers. He retired from football in January 1996, after a struggle against injury which went on for more than five years, and was granted a testimonial game against Manchester United in October 1997. He was inducted into the Manchester City Hall of Fame in 2004.

""With my confidence shot and my career in tatters, I found myself trapped in a world of pain where, in the words of that old Sad Cafe song, every day hurt.""

- One psychiatrist told Lake that the loss of his career had been like a bereavement to him.

International career
Lake made his debut for the England under-21 side against Denmark in September 1988. He also featured in a 2–1 win over Albania on 7 March 1989, and a 2–1 victory over Poland; both of which were qualifying games for the 1990 UEFA European Under-21 Championship. However coach Lawrie McMenemy stated that Lake "always seemed to be injured at the time of important under-21 call-ups". In January 1990 England manager Bobby Robson named him in his 30-man provisional squad for the 1990 FIFA World Cup. He won a cap for the England B team against Ireland B in March 1990, playing in an unfamiliar role of wide-left in a 4–1 defeat. He was angered by manager Dave Sexton's decision to play him as a winger, feeling the game did not give a good chance to make a case for his inclusion in Robson's final World Cup squad. He did not make it into the World Cup squad and never won a senior cap.

Post-retirement
Following his retirement from playing football, Lake used his experience on the treatment table to train to become a physiotherapist. He began working on the Manchester City medical team in 1997, and helped Richard Edghill to recover from the same injury that had claimed his own career. The following year he was appointed first team physio at Burnley. He went on to work as the physio at non-league club Altrincham, where he balanced the club's medical expenses on a tight budget. Like his previous positions, he remained at Altrincham for just one season, before moving on to Oldham Athletic. In 2003, he switched clubs to Macclesfield Town. He graduated with a degree in physiotherapy at Salford University in May 2003. In November 2007 he joined the medical staff at Bolton Wanderers. He left Bolton in 2008 and ran his own physiotherapy practice in Greater Manchester until March 2010, when he was appointed Ambassador for Manchester City in the Community. In June 2013, he stepped down as City's ambassador to take up a similar role with the Premier League.

Personal life
He married Lisa Johnson in Denton in May 1995. The marriage was brief, but they welcomed a son, Zachary, in 1997. In 2001 he married Joanne Parker in Prestbury village, and in June 2003 the couple had a son, Edward, followed three years later by a second child, Han.

His brother Michael and niece and nephew Annabel Lake and Charles Lake, are also former professional footballers.

Paul's father, Ted, died in Tameside Hospital in 1997.

His acclaimed autobiography, "I'm Not Really Here", was published by Century in 2011. The book, co-written with his wife Joanne, became a Sunday Times best seller and was nominated for Football Book of the Year at the 2011 British Sports Book Awards. Lake is patron of Jump Space, a Stockport-based charity that provides specialist trampolining and rebound therapy to disabled children and young people.

Honours
Manchester City
 * FA Youth Cup: 1986
 * Football League Second Division runner-up: 1988–89

title: Paul Lake


text:
User:Sweeper~enwiki

Sweeper is an altenate userid of a user who has also posted as User:Paradigmbuff, User:Puffydoogle, User:Ethanol, User:Ariele, and a variety of IP addresses. -- Geo Swan 21:47, 17 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User:Sweeper~enwiki


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Undercover X

Undercover X is a 2001 action-adventure film that was directed by and stars Scott Shaw.

Plot
"In the 2001 film Undercover X (aka No Boundaries), Shaw plays an undercover LAPD detective named Truck Baker, a cross between action star Chuck Norris and The Dude from The Big Lebowski. He's laid-back, but he can also tear your head off with his bare hands. Newcomer Richard Magram plays Shaw's hyperactive partner Torino, who rambles on and on like Joe Pesci after four cups of espresso."

The feature was filmed in Hollywood, California, Seoul, South Korea, Tokyo and Kamakura, Japan.

This film is considered a "Zen Film" in that it was created in the distinct style of filmmaking formulated by Scott Shaw known as Zen Filmmaking. In this style of filmmaking, no scripts are used.

title: Undercover X


text:
You FM (Germany)

YOU FM is one of the radio networks owned and operated by Hessischer Rundfunk, the public broadcaster for the German state of Hesse. Originally operating under the name hr XXL, the network featured the popular show XXL Clubnights which highlighted the night club scene in Hesse. In January 2004, the network was renamed YOU FM ("Young Fresh Music"), partially in an attempt to divest itself of its old "techno station" image.

YOU FM now offers a more traditional mix of mainstream music and niche talk shows, similar to its sister station hr3, but with a more youthful flavor. It operates a 24-hour format, but from 1:00 to 5:30 AM it broadcasts a computerized music feed.

Reception
YOU FM can be received in most of Hesse via DAB+ and on the following FM frequencies:

 * Bensheim 90.2
 * Darmstadt 98.2
 * Eschwege 106.6
 * Frankfurt 90.4
 * Fulda 93.6
 * Giessen and East Hesse Highlands 97.7
 * Gelnhausen 99.4
 * Kassel 100.1
 * Limburg 90.7
 * Marburg 93.9
 * Michelstadt 91.0
 * Rhine-Neckar 95.3
 * Rüdesheim 92.3
 * Schlüchtern 88.2
 * Wetzlar 105.5
 * Wiesbaden 99.7
 * Witzenhausen 91.1

You FM can also be received via live streaming, DVB-C and DVB-S.

title: You FM (Germany)


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Musipedia

Musipedia is a search engine for identifying pieces of music. This can be done by whistling a theme, playing it on a virtual piano keyboard, tapping the rhythm on the computer keyboard, or entering the Parsons code. Anybody can modify the collection of melodies and enter MIDI files, bitmaps with sheet music (possibly generated by the Musipedia server after entering LilyPond or abc source code), lyrics or some text about the piece, or the melodic contours as Parsons Code. Certain features on the site may no longer work due to reliance on flash which became defunct in 2020.

Search principles
Musipedia offers three ways of searching: Based on the melodic contour, based on pitches and onset times, or based on the rhythm alone. For the first two, users can draw notes, play them on a keyboard, or type out an ASCII version of a melody.

Melody
The melodic contour search uses an editing distance. Because of this, the search engine finds not only entries with exactly the contour that is entered as a query, but also the most similar ones among the contours that are not identical. The similarity is measured by determining the editing steps (inserting, deleting, or replacing a character) that are needed for converting the query contour into that of the search result. Since only the melodic contour is relevant, one can find melodies even if the key, rhythm, or the exact intervals are unknown.

Pitch and rhythm
The pitch and onset time-based search takes more properties of the melody into account. This search method, which is used by default, is still transposition-invariant and tempo-invariant, but it takes rhythm and intervals into account. The melody can be entered in various ways, for example by clicking on a virtual keyboard on the screen. The search engine then segments the query, converts each segment into a set of points in the two-dimensional space of onset time and pitch, and, by using the Earth Mover's Distance, compares each point set to pre-computed point sets representing segments of melodies from the database. As with the contour search, little alterations of the query will lead to correspondingly small changes in the results, which makes the search method somewhat error-tolerant.

Tapping a rhythm
The "query by tapping" method that only takes the rhythm into account uses the same algorithm as the pitch and onset time method, but assumes all pitches to be the same. As a result, the algorithm can be used for tapped queries that only contain onset times.

This search method is also very easy to do for those with limited accessibility options or using very small input devices.

Indexing
Both search algorithms are made faster with indices that are based on vantage objects. Instead of calculating the distance between the query and every single database entry, Musipedia just calculates the distance between the query and each of a few vantage objects. For every vantage object, the distance to each database entry is known. Since the triangle inequality holds for both the editing distance for contours and the variant of the Earth Mover's Distance used by Musipedia, the search algorithm needs, in a second step, to take a closer look at only those database entries whose distances to the vantage objects are similar to the distances between the query and the vantage objects.

Comparisons with other audio search tools
Musipedia's search engine works differently from that of search engines such as Shazam. The latter can identify short snippets of audio (a few seconds taken from a recording), even if it is transmitted over a phone connection. Shazam uses Audio Fingerprinting for that, a technique that makes it possible to identify recordings. Musipedia, on the other hand, can identify pieces of music that contain a given melody. Shazam finds exactly the recording that contains a given snippet, but no other recordings of the same piece.

Musipedia is included in some library catalogs on music-finding, which include other papers and online resources.

History
Musipedia was started by Rainer Typke in 1997 and has been developed by him since then. Before the Wikipedia-like collaboration features were added (editing and deleting existing entries has been possible only since 2004), he called the music search engine "Melodyhound".

Since 2006, the Musipedia search engine can also be used for searching the World Wide Web for MIDI files. Musipedia locates the MIDI files that go into its search index by using the Alexa Web Search service, which has been available since December 2005, through a partnership with Alexa.

title: Musipedia


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Tunica intima

The tunica intima (Neo-Latin "inner coat"), or intima for short, is the innermost tunica (layer) of an artery or vein. It is made up of one layer of endothelial cells (and macrophages in areas of disturbed blood flow), and is supported by an internal elastic lamina. The endothelial cells are in direct contact with the blood flow.

The three layers of a blood vessel are an inner layer (the tunica intima), a middle layer (the tunica media), and an outer layer (the tunica externa).

In dissection, the inner coat (tunica intima) can be separated from the middle (tunica media) by a little maceration, or it may be stripped off in small pieces; but, because of its friability, it cannot be separated as a complete membrane. It is a fine, transparent, colorless structure which is highly elastic, and, after death, is commonly corrugated into longitudinal wrinkles.

Structure
The structure of the tunica intima depends on the blood vessel type.

Elastic arteries – A single layer of endothelial and a supporting layer of elastin-rich collagen. The layer also contains fibroblasts, immune cells and smooth muscle cells.

Muscular arteries – Endothelial cells

Arterioles – A single layer of endothelial cells

Veins – Endothelial cells The inner coat consists of:

 * 1) A layer of pavement endothelium, the cells of which are polygonal, oval, or fusiform, and have very distinct round or oval nuclei. This endothelium is brought into view most distinctly by staining with silver nitrate.
 * 2) A subendothelial layer, consisting of delicate connective tissue with branched cells lying in the interspaces of the tissue; in arteries of less than 2 mm in diameter the subendothelial layer consists of a single stratum of stellate cells, and the connective tissue is only largely developed in vessels of a considerable size.
 * 3) An elastic or fenestrated layer, which consists of a membrane containing a network of elastic fibers, having principally a longitudinal direction, and in which, under the microscope, small elongated apertures or perforations may be seen, giving it a fenestrated appearance. It was therefore called by Henle the fenestrated membrane. This membrane forms the chief thickness of the inner coat, and can be separated into several layers, some of which present the appearance of a network of longitudinal elastic fibers, and others a more membranous character, marked by pale lines having a longitudinal direction. In minute arteries the fenestrated membrane is a very thin layer; but in the larger arteries, and especially in the aorta, it has a considerable thickness.

Function
Endothelium had been seen to be simply the boundary between the blood in the lumen and the walls of the vessels. However, endothelium has been shown to release local chemicals called endothelins which are powerful vasoconstrictors. Endothelins help to regulate capillary exchange and alter blood flow by their constriction of the smooth muscle in the walls. Vasoconstriction increases blood pressure, and its overexpression can contribute to hypertension and cardiovascular disease.

title: Tunica intima


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Osteolepis

Osteolepis (from ὀστέον 'bone' and λεπίς  'scale')  is an extinct genus of lobe-finned fish from the Devonian period. It lived in the Lake Orcadie of northern Scotland.

Osteolepis was about 20 cm long, and covered with large, square scales. The scales and plates on its head were covered in a thin layer of spongy, bony material called cosmine. This layer contained canals that were connected to sensory cells deeper in the skin. These canals ended in pores on the surface and were probably for sensing vibrations in the water.

Osteolepis was a rhipidistian, having a number of features in common with the tetrapods (land-dwelling vertebrates and their descendants), and was probably close to the base of the tetrapod family tree.

title: Osteolepis


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Wikipedia:Peer review/Judas Chair/archive1

Judas Chair
This is the talk page to discuss ways to improve the factual accuracy of the article. Please contribute by finding factual sources to contribute to the article or to dispute the nature of the article. One use has problems with using internet references. Is anyone able to find textual references? Willing to? 129.170.90.88 21:50, 17 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Peer Review is not the best place to handle content disputes or requests for expansion. You may wish to take this article to Pages needing attention, Requests for expansion, or Requests for comment instead. --Allen3 talk 00:02, August 18, 2005 (UTC)


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Category:Pedagogy

Pedagogy is the art or science of teaching.

title: Category:Pedagogy


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Talk:Axiom of empty set

Does logic imply the existence of the empty set?
The last paragraph does not make sense. You don't need any fancy axiom (like infinity) to conclude that there exists at least object; it is a theorem of the first-order predicate logic, in which the theory is assumed to be formulated. Then existence of an empty set follows from separation. -- EJ 21:51, 17 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Some versions of First-order logic implicitly assume that something exists. However, I consider them to be wrong, a hang-over from the days when "For all" was assumed to imply "Some". What about a model whose universe is the empty set? It contains no elements. So your version of logic would disallow it. But I see no reason to exclude it. So that version of logic is erroneous. JRSpriggs 04:17, 16 September 2006 (UTC)

 * It's the other way around. The "axiom" of empty set is a hang-over from early 20th century, when the now familiar logic was not yet spelled out formally. Empty models are disallowed for good reasons, their presence instantly breaks too many things to be worth the trouble, such as modus ponens, the intuitive axiom $$\forall x\,\varphi(x)\to\varphi(y)$$, prenexing rules, and Bernays substitution.

 * Bear in mind that it does not matter what you find erroneous, but what is accepted as standard by the mathematical community. Every single book on set theory I am aware of declares the background logic to be the first-order classical logic with equality. I've never seen any reference formulating set theory in the free logic, as you would want it. -- EJ 16:12, 16 September 2006 (UTC)

 * $$\forall y( (\forall x\,\varphi(x) ) \to\varphi(y))$$ is true in the empty model as are all universally quantified sentences. As for your other claims, "... breaks ... modus ponens, ... prenexing rules, and Bernays substitution.", I would like to see more explanation. JRSpriggs 02:57, 18 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Validity is affected by adding universal quantifiers in front, that's another (mis)feature of free logic. The schema $$\forall y\,(\forall x\,\varphi(x)\to\varphi(y))$$ is indeed valid, but the schema $$\forall x\,\varphi(x)\to\varphi(y)$$ generally is not. Take $$\varphi(y)=\exists z\,(z=z)$$ for instance. Now the other examples.

 * Modus ponens: let P be a unary predicate symbol (binary would do all the same, if you want to stick to the language of ZFC). Then $$P(x)\lor\neg P(x)$$ and $$(P(x)\lor\neg P(x))\to\exists y\,(P(y)\lor\neg P(y))$$ are valid in all models (empty or not; every formula with at least one free variable holds in the empty model). However, the formula $$\exists y\,(P(y)\lor\neg P(y))$$ does not hold in the empty model.

 * Prenexing: for example, the equivalence
 * $$(Q\lor\exists x\,P(x))\equiv\exists x\,(Q\lor P(x))$$
 * fails in the empty model. Most of the other prenexing rules fail as well, but I didn't bother to check them all.

 * Bernays substitution: if P is a unary predicate, then $$\forall x\,P(x)\to P(y)$$ is valid, whereas the schema $$\forall x\,\varphi(x)\to\varphi(y)$$ for arbitrary formulas $$\varphi$$ is not, as explained above. -- EJ 17:24, 18 September 2006 (UTC)

I rewrote the last paragraph of the article in a way which acknowledges the possibility that logic could force the existence of some set. But since some set theories may not have separation as an axiom schema, empty set may still be required. JRSpriggs 06:16, 19 September 2006 (UTC)

 * I regard formulas with free variables as either a short-hand for a sentence (probably with extra universal quantifiers) or as not well-formed. Since you are not saying what the free variable x means, then you have an ambiguity which can lead to logical fallacies.

 * $$\forall x( P(x)\lor\neg P(x) )$$ and $$\forall x( (P(x)\lor\neg P(x))\to\exists y\,(P(y)\lor\neg P(y)) )$$ are indeed valid. However, from them you can only conclude $$\forall x( \exists y\,(P(y)\lor\neg P(y)) )$$.

 * Well, you are correct about the prenexing. But is it so hard to just say $$\exists w(\top) \to [(Q\lor\exists x\,P(x))\equiv\exists x\,(Q\lor P(x))]$$ instead?

 * And since free variables are invalid, the Bernays substitution is not a problem. JRSpriggs 06:16, 19 September 2006 (UTC)

 * If you want logic to work the same way for relativized quantifiers (bounded quantifiers), e.g. $$\forall x \in \{\}P(x)$$, as for plain quantifiers, then you must include the empty model as a valid model. JRSpriggs 09:09, 20 September 2006 (UTC)

 * The logic of relativized and unrelativized quantifiers is different regardless of what I want, because ZFC proves the existence of a set in one way or another.

 * Prenexing: no, it is not so hard. But it is counterintuitive, and it is contrary to what a typical mathematician learns about the standard logic.

 * Treating formulas with free variables as not well-formed or incomplete makes sense. However, the point is that classical logic is described by simple and elegant calculi, such as this one:
 * $$(\varphi\to(\psi\to\chi))\to((\varphi\to\psi)\to(\varphi\to\chi))$$
 * $$\varphi\to(\psi\to\varphi)$$
 * $$(\neg\varphi\to\neg\psi)\to(\psi\to\varphi)$$
 * $$\forall x\,\varphi\to\varphi(t/x)$$
 * $$\varphi,\varphi\to\psi\vdash\psi$$
 * $$\varphi\to\psi\vdash\varphi\to\forall x\,\psi,$$ x not free in $$\varphi$$
 * The completeness of this (and other) calculi heavily relies on using formulas which are not sentences (whether they are considered valid standalone propositions or not), in the same way as I used it in the modus ponens example above. I wonder whether you know a calculus for free logic approaching the simplicity of this one.

 * Let's look at the general picture. I am not saying that it is impossible to develop ZFC on top of free logic. However, it is nonstandard, and it is a gratuitous complication. It would make sense if used as a basis for a theory which genuinely needs empty models, but that is not the case of set theory. All the trouble necessary to modify the usual logic only serves to justify another complication, viz. addition of an axiom. More precisely, it is even worse: it's purpose is so that we can say "the axiom is redundant, but that's because of the axiom of infinity, not because of logic". I, for one, find such approach pointless, absurd, and confusing. But I am a logician, not a set theorist. -- EJ 18:23, 21 September 2006 (UTC)

I was not aware of any distinction between "free logic" and first order predicate logic until you mentioned it here. I was aware that some people used what I considered to be invalid and sloppy logic. But I had developed my own rigorous version which I use personally. However, it is a kind of natural deduction and it would be too much (and inappropriate) to describe it on this talk page. And putting it in an article would violate the policy on OR. JRSpriggs 09:12, 1 October 2006 (UTC)

The now very old discussion above is confused. First-order set theory is based on first-order logic which proves the existence of at least one thing. Proof. Let T be a validity. Then by existential generalization (derivable or taken as primitive), $$\exists xT$$ is a theorem. This does not imply the existence of a set/class unless it is assumed that only sets/classes exist. If this is not assumed, then one needs an additional axiom, e.g. stating that for any thing x, there is a set {x}, in order to get the existence of at least one set from only the resources of FOL. Since most presentations of set theory want to be free from urelements, it is easiest to take the existence of the empty set as axiom and to formulate Infinity in terms of the empty set. Devlin, Mendelson, Suppes, and others do this. Smullyan and Fitting (Set Theory and the Continuum Problem) are sloppy here, since their Theorem 1.1 and its proof depends on their being a class to begin with, which does not follow from anything they say previously (including what they say about "V"). Stoll (Set theory and Its Logic) is equally sloppy, taking "there is a set" as a "temporary axiom" but never replacing that axiom with anything else that allows one to remove the "temporary" qualification. I haven't looked at other literature, but it would be interesting to do so! Nortexoid (talk) 09:24, 25 October 2012 (UTC)

 * Re "This does not imply the existence of a set/class unless it is assumed that only sets/classes exist": This may be true in principle, but this assumption is built in the most common axiomatic set theories like ZFC. For example, ZFC is a theory in single-sorted first-order logic, and as such it has only one type of objects. These objects are informally called "sets" for clarity. The statement $$\exists x\,x=x$$, provable in logic, means "there exists a set" in ZFC, and it is impossible to speak about "things that are not sets" in ZFC. This may not be true for other set theories (e.g., in set theories with urelements where sets are only objects satisfying a special predicate), but that’s no reason to delete a piece of information applicable to mainstream set theory.—Emil J. 11:49, 25 October 2012 (UTC)

 * What does it mean to say that ZFC has only type of object? Do you mean that its intended interpretation includes only one type of object? True, but ZFC does not demand this. The point is this. None of the non-existential axioms of ZFC entail that there exists a set. Moreover, Infinity entails the existence of TWO sets (given Regularity) if it is formulated as $$\exists X\exists Y(X \in Y \land \forall Z(Z \in Y \to Z \cup \{Z\} \in Y)$$. If we formulate it as it is formulated in various wikipedia entries, then it already depends on the existence of the empty set, which itself cannot follow from Infinity in this case. So one still needs an axiom implying that there is a set, independent of Infinity, unless one takes the above formulation implying the existence of two sets, one of which need not be the empty set. But that is in any case equivalent to asserting the existence of a set A and then using that in the axiom of Infinity.

 * If in ZFC-minus-existential-axioms one could already prove the existence of a set from the bare resources of FOL alone, all these brilliant set theorists keen on theoretical economy would not go out of their way to redundantly postulate as axiom the existence of a set. Nortexoid (talk) 12:54, 25 October 2012 (UTC)

 * ZFC is a particular set of axioms in first-order logic. The language for these axioms has only one type of variable, and thus each interpretation (model) has only one type of object. The jargon for this is that ZFC is a "single sorted" theory. This is what is meant by saying there is only "one type of object" in ZFC.

 * The first-order logic that is usually studied (and which is usually used to formalize ZFC) includes $$(\exists x)[x = x]$$ as a logical axiom - this is provable in every first-order theory with equality, including the empty theory. The other option, "free logic", would not include that existence axiom as a logical principle. But free logic is not commonly used in the literature, because for example free logic does not validate typical deduction rules such as the rule:
 * $$\psi \lor (\exists x) \phi(x) \vdash (\exists x)[\psi \lor \phi(x)]$$ when x is not free in ψ
 * So even without the axiom of the empty set or the axiom of infinity, the background first-order logic used to formalize ZFC still proves $$(\exists x)[x = x]$$. Given any set, we can form the empty set using the axiom of separation. This is why the axiom of the empty set is often not included by authors, because it is provable from separation. Neither of the two most common references, Jech and Kunen, include the axiom of the empty set. It's mostly used, in my experience, in pedagogical contexts where not all of the axioms are assumed from the beginning, and in which the students are not familiar with formal logic.  — Carl (CBM · talk) 13:34, 25 October 2012 (UTC)

 * It depends on how the theory is formulated, and what theory we are talking about. In some theories there are sets and classes and, while one can prove there is a class from FOL alone, one cannot use this to prove there is a set. (I believe Mendelson's version of NBG is like this.) As such one needs an axiom implying the existence of at least one set. In some theories there are urelements and most axioms are stated as (universally quantified) conditionals: if x and y are sets, there is a set whose members are precisely x and y, etc. (Suppes's version of ZFC is like this.) As such, ExT (e.g. T := x=x) does not imply the existence of a set, so one needs an axiom implying the existence of at least one set. Nortexoid (talk) 14:18, 25 October 2012 (UTC)

 * (e/c) I am not talking about any interpretations. The formulas of ZFC are constructed by means of Boolean connectives and quantifiers $$\exists x$$, $$\forall x$$ from atomic formulas $$x\in y$$, $$x=y$$, where $$x,y$$ are any two of a countable list of object variables. Nothing more. It is customary to call the objects for which these variables stand for “sets”, but it does not really matter, you can call them any other way you like (but if you do, and if you also want to call some things “sets” in ZFC, you first need to make sure that your “sets” are defined by a formula in the above language). Regardless of any interpretation, it is a purely syntactic fact that in first-order predicate calculus in this language, the sentence
 * $$\exists x\,\forall y\,\neg(y\in x)$$
 * is derivable from the sentence
 * $$\forall x\,\exists y\,\forall z\,(z\in y\leftrightarrow z\in x\land\neg(z=z)).$$
 * The first one is how this article defines the axiom of empty set, and the second one is an instance of the schema of separation.

 * I fail to see how what you wrote about the axiom of infinity has to do with anything. The article already explicitly states that the argument may or may not work depending on the exact formulation of the axiom, which is what you appear to be saying.—Emil J. 13:52, 25 October 2012 (UTC)

 * I agree, it depends on how the theory is formulated. This much should be made clear when it is said that ZFC implies the existence of at least one set from the resources of FOL alone. Nortexoid (talk) 14:34, 25 October 2012 (UTC)
 * But that claim is completely clear, because it is only talking about ZFC. — Carl (CBM · talk) 14:56, 25 October 2012 (UTC)
 * As already mentioned, there are versions of ZFC with urelements (Suppes), so it's not completely clear. Nortexoid (talk) 16:16, 25 October 2012 (UTC)

Uncontroversial?
"The axiom of empty set is generally considered uncontroversial, and it or an equivalent appears in just about any alternative axiomatisation of set theory."

That sentence should be stronger, or else removed entirely, because it seems to imply that there are some people who find the existence of an empty set controversial, and axiomatisations of set theory that don't include empty sets. Zemylat 19:34, 25 September 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Axiom of empty set


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User talk:Ajpisharodi

Welcome
Welcome!

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Your edits to Milton Friedman
Please don't vandalize wikipedia articles. Thanks.--Cdogsimmons 20:45, 16 November 2006 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Dark knight curse
A proposed deletion template has been added to the article Dark knight curse, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but this article may not satisfy Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and the deletion notice should explain why (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page.

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AfD nomination of Dark knight curse
I have nominated Dark knight curse, an article you created, for deletion. I do not feel that this article satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and have explained why at Articles for deletion/Dark knight curse. Your opinions on the matter are welcome at that same discussion page; also, you are welcome to edit the article to address these concerns. Thank you for your time. Do you want to opt out of receiving this notice? Stijndon (talk) 22:45, 5 August 2008 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:08, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
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title: User talk:Ajpisharodi


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Category:Phaethornis

Phaethornis is a genus of Hummingbirds

title: Category:Phaethornis


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Wikipedia:Peer review/Tucker telephone/archive1

Tucker Telephone
Can someone fill in some more information on this matter?