text:
User talk:Simonfishley

Welcome to Wikipedia!
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia!

It looks like you know what you're up to, the tag didn't quite work, have another look, I'm sure you can sort it. Nice pic by the way.

Just in case, here's some tips:
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If you have any questions, feel free to ask me on my talk page. Thanks and happy editing, Alf 11:49, 1 September 2005 (UTC).

Good stuff
Hi Simon, yep they seem good now. If I can politely suggest that the images are very big on the page and you might do well to tinker with them a bit, see. And I've undone my unintentonal bad of starting talk on your userpage sorry, I really should check which tab I'm on more carefully! Picture tutorial. Alf 12:42, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I had a go at them, to see what I did use history, compare, move them around if you think the page reads better for it. I think "And don't forget the most magnificient views" has to be re-phrased to neutral, "providing scenic viewpoints over..." or similar maybe? Alf 13:00, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Me again,you're quite right, I found some nice source out there which backs up the greatly disliked, and now I can see why. Both sides are right though, so I've edited POV out, (you'll see that a bit see Neutral point of view. You might know about a fire there that happened a few years back, did that do much damge? And check out the nice references article link. Alf 13:34, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Rafia-boardwalk.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Rafia-boardwalk.jpg. The image has been identified as not specifying the copyright status of the image, which is required by Wikipedia's policy on images. Even if you created the image yourself, you still need to release it so Wikipedia can use it. If you don't indicate the copyright status of the image on the image's description page, using an appropriate copyright tag, it may be deleted some time in the next seven days. If you made this image yourself, you can use copyright tags like PD-self (to release all rights), (to require that you be credited), or any tag here - just go to the image, click edit, and add one of those. If you have uploaded other images, please verify that you have provided copyright information for them as well.

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Image copyright problem with Image:Rafia-boardwalk.jpg
Thank you for uploading Image:Rafia-boardwalk.jpg. However, it currently is missing information on its copyright status. Wikipedia takes copyright very seriously. It may be deleted soon, unless we can determine the license and the source of the image. If you know this information, then you can add a copyright tag to the image description page.

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Image source problem with Image:Disapark.jpg
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Image source problem with Image:Lionsheadafire.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Lionsheadafire.jpg. I noticed that the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you did not create this file yourself, you will need to specify the owner of the copyright. If you obtained it from a website, then a link to the website from which it was taken, together with a restatement of that website's terms of use of its content, is usually sufficient information. However, if the copyright holder is different from the website's publisher, their copyright should also be acknowledged.

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May 2011
Welcome to Wikipedia. Everyone is welcome to contribute to the encyclopedia, but when you add or change content, please cite a reliable source for the content of your edit. This helps maintain our policy of verifiability. See Citing sources for how to cite sources, and the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. Thank you. mgiganteus1 (talk) 13:36, 13 May 2011 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Chris Fallows

The article Chris Fallows has been proposed for deletion because under Wikipedia policy, all biographies of living persons created after March 18, 2010, must have at least one source that directly supports material in the article.

If you created the article, please don't take offense. Instead, consider improving the article. For help on inserting references, see Referencing for beginners or ask at Help desk. Once you have provided at least one reliable source, you may remove the prod blp tag. Please do not remove the tag unless the article is sourced. If you cannot provide such a source within ten days, the article may be deleted, but you can when you are ready to add one. - Realkyhick (Talk to me) 07:42, 27 May 2011 (UTC)

please dont delete this article I have some verifiable resources, however it is difficult to find amongst all of the newspaper articles - is a link to a peer reviewed paper and the bio from his website?

http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=341579 http://www.oceanartistssociety.org/members-details.php?member_id=5 http://www.apexpredators.com/about-us.html

Thanks for your help :)

Shailesh Jejurikar moved to draftspace
An article you recently created, Shailesh Jejurikar, does not have enough third-party sources and citations as written to remain published. It needs more citations from reliable, independent sources. (?) Information that can't be referenced should be removed (verifiability is of central importance on Wikipedia). I've moved your draft to draftspace (with a prefix of " " before the article title) where you can incubate the article with minimal disruption. When you feel the article meets Wikipedia's general notability guideline and thus is ready for mainspace, please click on the "Submit your draft for review!" button at the top of the page.  DGG ( talk ) 05:49, 7 February 2020 (UTC)

Your submission at Articles for creation: Shailesh Jejurikar (March 13)
 Your recent article submission to Articles for Creation has been reviewed! Unfortunately, it has not been accepted at this time. The reason left by Sulfurboy was:

Please check the submission for any additional comments left by the reviewer. You are encouraged to edit the submission to address the issues raised and resubmit when they have been resolved.

 * If you would like to continue working on the submission, go to Draft:Shailesh Jejurikar and click on the "Edit" tab at the top of the window.
 * If you now believe the draft cannot meet Wikipedia's standards or do not wish to progress it further, you may request deletion. Please go to Draft:Shailesh Jejurikar, click on the "Edit" tab at the top of the window, add "Db-g7" at the top of the draft text and click the blue "publish changes" button to save this edit.
 * If you do not make any further changes to your draft, in 6 months, it will be considered abandoned and may be deleted.
 * If you need any assistance, you can ask for help at the [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:WikiProject_Articles_for_creation/Help_desk&action=edit&section=new&nosummary=1&preload=Template:Afc_decline/HD_preload&preloadparams%5B%5D=Draft:Shailesh_Jejurikar Articles for creation help desk], on the [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Sulfurboy&action=edit&section=new&nosummary=1&preload=Template:Afc_decline/HD_preload&preloadparams%5B%5D=Draft:Shailesh_Jejurikar reviewer's talk page] or use Wikipedia's real-time chat help from experienced editors.

Sulfurboy (talk) 06:27, 13 March 2020 (UTC)

Your submission at Articles for creation: Shailesh Jejurikar (April 28)
 Your recent article submission to Articles for Creation has been reviewed! Unfortunately, it has not been accepted at this time. The reason left by Dibbydib was:

Please check the submission for any additional comments left by the reviewer. You are encouraged to edit the submission to address the issues raised and resubmit when they have been resolved.

 * If you would like to continue working on the submission, go to Draft:Shailesh Jejurikar and click on the "Edit" tab at the top of the window.
 * If you now believe the draft cannot meet Wikipedia's standards or do not wish to progress it further, you may request deletion. Please go to Draft:Shailesh Jejurikar, click on the "Edit" tab at the top of the window, add "Db-g7" at the top of the draft text and click the blue "publish changes" button to save this edit.
 * If you do not make any further changes to your draft, in 6 months, it will be considered abandoned and may be deleted.
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dibbydib (T ･ C) 03:15, 28 April 2020 (UTC)

Your draft article, Draft:Shailesh Jejurikar

Hello, Simonfishley. It has been over six months since you last edited the Articles for Creation submission or Draft page you started, "Shailesh Jejurikar".

In accordance with our policy that Wikipedia is not for the indefinite hosting of material deemed unsuitable for the encyclopedia mainspace, the draft has been nominated for deletion. If you plan on working on it further, or editing it to address the issues raised if it was declined, simply and remove the, , or  code.

If your submission has already been deleted by the time you get there, and you wish to retrieve it, you can request its undeletion by following the instructions at this link. An administrator will, in most cases, restore the submission so you can continue to work on it.

Thank you for your submission to Wikipedia! UnitedStatesian (talk) 20:06, 30 November 2020 (UTC)

title: User talk:Simonfishley


text:
User:Tessonec~enwiki

If you want to contact me, please use en:User talk:Tessonec. Thank you.

+Wikipedia in Spanish, usuario:Tessonec

+Wikipedia in Italian, utente:Tessonec

+Wikipedia in Catalan, usuari:Tessonec

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Tessonec~enwiki


text:
User:Simonfishley

Simon Fishley

Well it's just me. I think this wiki is a fantastic idea and I am going to try and do my bit to share the wealth (of knowledge). My first mission is to fill out the Mtunzini entry as it is the town I grew up in...

Now to figure out this wiki formatting...

About me
I was born on a Friday in November 1976. That makes me a Scorpio and I am one for sure! Born just in time for the weekend, perfect.

I live in Harrismith, South Africa with my girlfriend, 2 cats and 2 rats.

I enjoy taking pictures and getting outdoors.

title: User:Simonfishley


text:
Isaac Penington (Lord Mayor)

Sir Isaac Penington (c. 1584 – 16 December 1661) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1640 to 1653. He was Lord Mayor of London in 1642 and a prominent member of Oliver Cromwell's government.

Biography
Penington was the son of Robert Penington and followed him in becoming a Liveryman of the Worshipful Company of Fishmongers. He inherited several estates from his father and purchased one of his own. He made a fortune as a wine and cloth merchant. From 1626 he acted as financial agent to his second cousin, Admiral John Penington. He increased his commercial holdings in 1629 by becoming a partner in the brewery business of his second wife's family. He and his wife, Mary, the widow of Roger Wilkinson, a Citizen of the City of London, were both staunch Puritans.

In 1638 Penington was elected Sheriff of London and became an alderman of the City of London for Bridge Without ward on 29 January 1639. He was Prime Warden of the Fishmongers Company in 1640.

In April 1640 Penington was elected a member of parliament (MP) for the City of London in the Short Parliament. He was re-elected MP for City of London for the Long Parliament in November 1640 and sat until 1653. On 16 August 1642 Parliament appointed him Lord Mayor of London after removing the Royalist Sir Richard Gurney, 1st Baronet from the position. He became Colonel of the White Regiment, London Trained Bands, in 1642 and from 1642 to 1645 he was Lieutenant of the Tower of London. In that capacity he was present during the execution of William Laud. He became Governor of the Levant Company in 1644, retaining the position to 1654.

In January 1649, Penington was appointed a commissioner of the High Court of Justice at the trial of King Charles, but he was not one of the signatories of the King's death warrant. He served on the Rump's Council of State and on several government committees. He was made a knight in 1649. From 1650 he was the sole representative of the City of London in the Rump Parliament until it was forcibly ejected by Oliver Cromwell on 30 April 1653.

After the Restoration, he was tried for high treason and sentenced to life imprisonment in the Tower of London, where he died on the night of 16 December 1661.

Marriage and children
Penington married twice:
 * Firstly, in 1614–15, to Abigail Allen, a daughter of John Allen of the City of London, by whom he had six children:
 * Isaac Penington, the Quaker;
 * Arthur Penington, who became a Roman Catholic priest, and was living in 1676;
 * William Penington (1622–1689), a merchant of London, who also became a quaker and follower of John Perrot;
 * Abigail Penington (married about November 1641);
 * Bridget Penington;
 * Judith Penington. An acquaintance of Samuel Pepys. Letters from Isaac Penington the younger to his sister Judith imply that she also became a quaker.
 * Secondly he married Mary Young, a daughter of Matthew Young, and widow of Roger Wilkinson, a Citizen of the City of London.

title: Isaac Penington (Lord Mayor)


text:
City Beach, Western Australia

City Beach is a beachside suburb of Perth, Western Australia, located within the Town of Cambridge. Its postcode is 6015. It is also the name of a beach in the suburb. House prices are generally quite expensive. In 2020, City Beach had the fifth highest median house price in Perth, at $1.628 million.

City Beach consists of three sections: a northern section (bordering Scarborough), a central section (bordering Wembley Downs and Floreat) and a southern section (bordering Bold Park). The centre part was built immediately prior to the 1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games as an athletes' village due to its proximity to Perry Lakes Stadium in neighbouring Floreat.

History
In 1917, the Perth Road Board purchased the Lime Kilns Estate of 1290 acre, situated between the Endowment Lands and the city, thus linking with the ocean beach. The Board proposed to lay out an up-to-date seaside town near the ocean beach on garden city lines, embodying approved Town Planning principles, and making ample provision for recreation purposes. By 1928, the Board had allocated finance to commence work, and also referred to the beach as "City Beach". It appears this name developed because it was an area developed by the City Council and much more acceptable than "Ocean Beach".

On 9 December 2005, City Beach Senior High School was closed by the Department of Education and Training due to a lack of new student enrolments and the opening of Shenton College 5 kilometres away in 2000.

Recreation
Activities could be divided into that which takes place within the suburb of City Beach and that which takes place on the same-named beach. The area contains a football/cricket oval, numerous other grassy parks, as well a large area of bush land with a walking trail.

City Beach has two major beaches (Floreat Beach and the eponymous City Beach) as well as a dog beach. Each of those beaches has its own competitive surf lifesaving club with all the associated facilities. Surfing is popular in the region and City Beach commonly has reasonable surf conditions for beginner to intermediate, although the break (particularly in summer) is often a shore break that can be hazardous at times. Kitesurfing and windsurfing are also summer activities that are frequently seen at City Beach. The sand is white/yellow and soft, making it an ideal surface for the beach volleyball courts and matkot. The main swimming and surfing area is protected between two groynes and it is overlooked by lawns.

There are expansive sand dunes and bushland areas along the coast, which are home to wildlife such as hawks, mice and rabbits, and the occasional dugite. These dunes are currently under repair, and should not be entered, as the presence of people interferes with the rehabilitation of the dunes native plant and animal wildlife.

Education

 * City Beach Senior High School (closed 2005)
 * City Beach Primary School
 * Kapinara Primary School
 * Holy Spirit Catholic Primary School
 * International School of Western Australia
 * The Japanese School in Perth
 * City Beach Residential College, a student boarding facility

title: City Beach, Western Australia


text:
Floreat, Western Australia

Floreat is a residential suburb 8 km west-northwest of the central business district of Perth, the capital of Western Australia. It is bordered on Underwood Avenue, Selby Street, Cromarty Road and Durston Road. It is the head of the Town of Cambridge, which has its municipal offices and library in the suburb. The name of the suburb stems from the Latin word for "flourish" or "prosper", which is also the motto of the City of Perth, of which Floreat was a part when it was first built.

Demographics
Floreat had a population of 7,230 at the 2011 census, an increase of 205 from the 2006 census, and 277 from the 2001 census.

Amenities and facilities
The Floreat Forum shopping centre is located in the suburb. It sits adjacent to the Town of Cambridge municipal offices and library. The centre also boasts a new Medical Centre, dining precinct and tavern. The suburb also sits adjacent to the popular Cambridge Street dining and commercial strip in neighbouring Wembley.

Floreat contains a range of sporting facilities, most notably the WA Athletics Stadium (opened May 2009) and Bendat Basketball Centre (opened January 2020). Both were developed following the closure and subsequent demolition of Perry Lakes Stadium and Perry Lakes Basketball Stadium. The suburb also contains the WA Rugby Centre (home of RugbyWA), Cambridge Bowling Club, and Perry Lakes Reserve.

Education
Floreat contains a public primary school, a lower primary campus of a Catholic school, and a private training institution. It was previously in the catchment area for the now-closed City Beach High School; high school students now attend Churchlands Senior High School if they live north of Cambridge Street, or Shenton College if they live on the south side.

Floreat Park Primary School, opened in 1951, is the only public school within the suburb's boundaries, and caters for students from kindergarten to Year 6.

The Floreat campus of Newman College, a multi-campus Catholic K-12 school, is located on Peebles Road, and caters for students from kindergarten to Year 3, after which students must shift to the school's senior campuses in nearby Churchlands. The site was formerly occupied from 1962 to 1983 by Brigidine College, a Catholic girls' school, which had shifted from a prior campus in Subiaco. The current campus was formed after a merger between Brigidine College and two other local Catholic schools, Marist College and Siena College, taking effect from 1984.

The Perth campus of the Australian Institute of Management is also located within the suburb. The institute provides training and qualifications in management skills; the Perth campus opened in 1987, and is situated on Birkdale Street.

Politics
Floreat is located in the federal electorate of Division of Curtin, currently held by Independent MP Kate Chaney, who unseated the former Liberal Party MP Celia Hammond in the 2022 Australian Federal Election. The suburb is split between the state electorates of Churchlands, held by Christine Tonkin, and Nedlands, held by Katrina Stratton.

The suburb has favoured conservative candidates throughout its history, generally those of the centre-right Liberal Party.

Kate Chaney (1975–) 	Independent

title: Floreat, Western Australia


text:
Wembley, Western Australia

Wembley is a western suburb of Perth, Western Australia, located within the Town of Cambridge. Its postcode is 6014.

The main streets in Wembley are Cambridge Street, Harborne Street, Grantham Street and Selby Street. It is an upper middle class, medium-density suburb. Wembley is home to Bold Park Community School, Lake Monger Primary, Wembley Primary School and the Speech and Hearing Centre. Lake Monger is a large lake located on the outer edges of the suburb.

The 2016 Census recorded a population of just over 11,000. Wembley was originally inhabited by the Mooro people of the Noongar Aboriginal clan for at least 40,000 years before European settlement. After the arrival of Europeans, Wembley was settled through land grants and purchasing of land by the Catholic Church. Intense subdivision of land and introduction of public transportation saw the area develop, and was named Wembley Park in 1924, shortened to Wembley in 1935.

Geography
Wembley is located 5 km north-west of the Perth CBD. Prominent roads that intersect with Wembley include Grantham Street, Cambridge Street, Salvado Road, Selby Street and Mitchell Freeway. Lake Monger lies at the north-east corner of Wembley, and Herdsman Lake borders Wembley at its north-western corner. It is bounded by Churchlands, Herdsman and Glendalough to its north, all sharing their borders with Herdsman Lake. To the east, Wembley is bounded by Mount Hawthorn, Leederville and West Leederville at Lake Monger. On its southern side, Wembley is bounded by Subiaco and Jolimont, with Floreat to its west.

Spearwood Dunes
Wembley is located on the Spearwood Dunes, west of the Bassendean Dunes on the Swan Coastal Plain. The Spearwood Dunes stretch across the Swan Coastal Plain varying in 3 to 15 km in width and consists of Tamala Limestone under its surface.

Lake Monger
Lake Monger is one of the few lakes remaining in Perth, named after John Henry Monger who was granted land in the southern side of the lake in the early years of European settlement. The abundant wetlands in Perth had long been important to the local Aboriginal people, not only for resources but also because these sites were often camping sites associated with mythological significance. For the local Aboriginal people, Lake Monger was used as a campsite until the 1920s. European settlers saw wetlands like Lake Monger as both valuable resources and obstructions. With the growth of Perth, some discussion occurred regarding the outcome of Lake Monger, including the potential for drainage or agricultural use. Eventually, it was decided that Lake Monger would be made into a recreational reserve by reclaiming some of lake with the help of tipping waste, and by the mid-20th century, 30,797 tons of waste had been tipped into the lake.

Aboriginal history
The Indigenous people of the land are the Mooro, a subgroup of the Whadjuk, of the Noongar Aboriginal clan inhabiting the upper west region of the Swan River for at least 40,000 years. The Mooro used resources throughout the region north of the Swan River and moved as the seasons changed. They moved towards the lakes during summer, as the wetlands served as an important source of water, food, vegetation, and shelter material. The Mooro moved inland to higher altitudes during winter to avoid the coastal weather. Lake Monger and Herdsman Lake were called Galup and Ngurgenboro by the Mooro.

European settlement
The Swan River Colony, which now forms Perth, was founded in 1829. Early development of the colony was slow, partly due to unfamiliar conditions for the settlers. With the arrival of European settlers, the Mooro, led by the Indigenous leader Yellagonga at the time, retreated to Lake Monger. Although, the Mooro were initially friendly to European settlement, differences in culture led to several conflicts throughout the 1830s. One such conflict in the Wembley area occurred in 1830, when the Mooro and European soldiers and settlers engaged in a battle, ending in what is now thought to be Lake Monger.

In 1832, David Patterson and Henry Burgess were each granted one lot of land in the area around Lake Herdsman and Lake Monger, then generally called the Large Lakes District or officially as the Perthshire District. David Patterson owned 100 acres of land by Herdsman Lake now bound by Herdsman Parade, Dodd Street, Daglish Street, Grantham Street and Pangbourne Street. Henry Burgess owned 200 acres of land which he called Burgess Farm now bound by Pangbourne Street, Grantham Street, Gregory Street and Cambridge Street. Lake Monger was used as a food depot in 1833 for the local Aboriginal people as more land in the area was being granted to early settlers.

In January 1846, John Brady, the first Bishop of Perth, seven Sisters of Mercy and two Spanish Benedictine Monks, Joseph Benedict Serra and Rosendo Salvado arrived at Fremantle. The Catholic Church acquired land plots between Herdsman Lake and Mongers Lake in 1846–47, including the land owned by David Patterson and Henry Burgess. These plots of land came to be known as New Subiaco and were selected to be developed by the Benedictine Monks under the leadership of Serra, who became Bishop of Perth in 1849. With the help of European recruits in 1849 and 1853, they constructed temporary shelters, olive trees, a vineyard, and an orchard. In the late 1850s, a monastery was established at New Subiaco, where current day MercyCare Residential Aged Care is located, by the Benedictine Monks. The Benedictine Monks left the site in 1864 for New Norcia and development of New Subiaco stopped. These buildings were occupied again when it became St Vincent's boys orphanage in 1872, then in 1901 the Sisters of Mercy took over the buildings and it became the St Joseph's Orphanage. The area where the monastery was located came to be known as Emerald Hill, a reference to Ireland, in the 1890s due to its strong Irish Catholic presence.

Early development
With the completion of the Perth-Fremantle railway in 1881, Subiaco station opened in 1883 nearby, close to Salvado Road (Bizzaca, 2014). Subiaco station was used by residents in the Wembley area due to its proximity (Putt, 1990). The population and demand for housing in the Wembley area, as with other areas in the colony, saw large growth with the Western Australia gold rush as the population spread further out from the city, shortly after the discovery of gold in Coolgardie and Kalgoorlie in 1892 and 1893 (Putt, 1990). The gold rush saw the colony's population double by 1985 to 100,515, and nearly double by 1901 to 184,124. Though, throughout the early 1900s, absence of public transportation slowed the development of the Wembley area as car ownership had not been widespread yet.

Lake Monger was used for recreational purposes during this time and the Monger's Lake Board, established in 1902, oversaw the development of the lake. Playgrounds, jetties, a bandstand and bathing sheds were built on Lake Monger, with boating, yacht races and fishing being a form of leisure for residents.

In 1909, the Municipality of Leederville, the Roman Catholic Church and John Nanson, then the owner of the Perthshire Estate, began talks on subdivision of their lands around the Wembley area. The land owned by the Catholic Church was subdivided first to create the Church Lands Estate and the Perthshire Estate, on the western side of the area, then underwent subdivision. The Churchlands Estate was officially a part of West Leederville by the early 1920s and it was deemed appropriate to identify the area separate from West Leederville, as it had caused practical issues for residents. The Church Lands, Emerald Hill and Perthshire Estates had their names changed and gazetted as Wembley Park in 1924, named after the suburb in London. This name was later shortened to Wembley in 1935. During the expansion of the Perth tramways between 1913 and 1930, tramway construction delays in Wembley led to a motor bus service being subsidised in 1923. A tram station was built in Wembley in 1927, reaching up to Nanson Street, and allowed greater access to western Perth. Wembley was relatively remote till this time with no road along Lake Monger till 1930 and no road to the beach yet.

Greater emphasis was placed on leisure and entertainment in Wembley as the area developed and Cambridge Street has especially been the centre for such business. The Wembley Picture Theatre and the Wembley Picture Gardens opened in 1937 on Cambridge Street and they could seat over 800 patrons and up to 800 patrons respectively. The western end of Cambridge Street also featured a dairy till 1941, and several businesses opened around the Wembley Hotel which was established earlier in 1932. The tram line through Wembley was closed and replaced by trolleybus in 1939, as trolleybuses were seen to be a cheaper way to meet the increasing demand for public transportation.

Post-war development
An increase in private car ownership saw more service stations pop up and was a factor for growth in Wembley. The provision of supplementary services, like Infant Health Clinics, were an indicator for growth in Wembley. Nearby, the 1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games were held in the suburb of Floreat with the construction of the Perry Lakes Stadium.

In this period, Wembley was seen as part of the inner suburbs and saw an increase in housing densities as more younger families started to move in. This was accompanied by unit development replacing some older housing. In 1994, the Town of Cambridge was created from the City of Perth, which Wembley became a part of. Cambridge Street has also experienced further commercial development more recently.

Commercial areas
The main commercial area is on Cambridge Street, where the Cambridge Forum International Food Court and several businesses are located. The Wembley Hotel is also on Cambridge Street, designed by E le B Henderson and constructed in 1932. The Wembley Hotel and several commercial properties on Cambridge Street are currently listed on the Municipal Heritage Inventory, indicating future potential for State Heritage significance. Businesses are also located on Selby Street, Herdsman Parade and Grantham Street.

Public transport
Wembley is served by public transport through several bus routes. Buses that are available in Wembley are the following routes:

 * 15 Perth Busport to Glendalough Station – serves Powis Street
 * 81 and 82 Perth Busport to City Beach – serve Cambridge Street
 * 83 Perth Busport to City Beach – serves Cambridge Street, Harborne Street and Grantham Street
 * 84 Perth Busport to City Beach – serves Cambridge Street, Harborne Street, Grantham Street and Selby Street
 * 85 Perth Busport to Glendalough Station – serves Cambridge Street, Selby Street, Flynn Street, Herdsman Parade and Jon Sanders Drive
 * 95 Subiaco Station to Glendalough Station – serves Harborne Street
 * 998 Fremantle Station to Fremantle Station (limited stops) – CircleRoute clockwise, serves Selby Street
 * 999 Fremantle Station to Fremantle Station (limited stops) – CircleRoute anti-clockwise, serves Selby Street

Train stations closest to Wembley are in Subiaco and Glendalough.

Roads
Given that public transportation in Wembley consists of bus routes, 7.3% of Wembley residents travelled to work by bus, 4.3% higher than the national average. 64.5% of residents travelled to work by car, either as a driver or passenger, and 12.9% of residents travelled to work by public transport.

Schools

 * Wembley Primary School
 * Lake Monger Primary School
 * Bold Park Community School

Places of Worship

 * Westcity Church
 * Wembley Uniting Church
 * St Edmund's Anglican Church
 * Churches of Christ
 * Oceans Church
 * Cambridge Baptist Church
 * Our Lady of Victories Church

Population
Wembley has a relatively large population of 11,301 compared to other suburbs in Perth. According to the 2016 ABS census data:

Age distribution

Wembley has a median age of 35, 3 years younger than the national median. Wembley also has a relatively higher proportion of residents between the ages of 30 and 44.

Country of birth

57.9% of Wembley residents are born in Australia, slightly less than the national average of 66.7%, with the next highest countries being England (5.7%), Bhutan (3.4%), India (3.4%), New Zealand (2%) and Ireland (1.6%).

Language

2.9% of Wembley residents spoke “Other Southern Asian Languages” (which includes Balti, Burushaski, Nuristani, and more) whereas the national average was approximately 0%. Other languages spoken at home were Mandarin (2.5%), Hindi (1.1%), Italian (1%) and Gujarati (1%).

Religion

Of the reported responses, Wembley had a large portion of no religion responses (33.9%), followed by Catholic (22.9%), Anglican (11.8%) and Buddhism (5.1%).

Local
Wembley lies mostly within the boundaries of the Town of Cambridge local government area, and partially within the City of Stirling local government area to the north. The mayor of the Town of Cambridge is Keri Shannon, with a term expiring in 2023. The mayor of the City of Stirling is Mark Irwin, with a term expiring in 2023.

State
Wembley falls mostly under the Churchlands state electoral boundaries, and partially under Nedlands to the south.

Federal
Wembley falls under the division of Curtin for the Australian House of Representatives. The member for the division of Curtin is Kate Chaney, an independent.

title: Wembley, Western Australia


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Rory McArdle

Rory Alexander McArdle (born 1 May 1987) is a former professional footballer. He has previously played for Sheffield Wednesday, Rochdale, Aberdeen, Bradford City and Scunthorpe United, and represented the Northern Ireland national football team.

Aberdeen
On 19 May 2010, McArdle signed a contract with Scottish Premier League club Aberdeen. Near the end of the 2011–12 season, McArdle was advised that his contract with Aberdeen would not be extended.

Bradford City
McArdle signed for Bradford City on 6 June 2012, signing a two-year contract. He made his debut on 11 August in a 1–0 win in the League Cup against Notts County. He made his league debut a week later against Gillingham. He made his home debut on 21 August, in a 1–0 win against Fleetwood Town. He scored his first goal for the club on 25 August in a 5–1 win against AFC Wimbledon. On 8 January, McArdle scored a header against Premier League side Aston Villa in the first leg of the semi-final of the League Cup, as Bradford incredibly won 3–1. He also played in the second leg, which saw Bradford advance to the final 4–3 on aggregate. He started in the final which Bradford lost to Premier League side Swansea City. He scored his second league goal for the club on 1 April, helping Bradford to a 3–1 away to Torquay United. He then scored in the 2013 Football League Two play-off final, which Bradford won 3–0 against Northampton Town securing promotion to League One. On 3 August, the opening day of the season, McArdle scored a late header from a Raffaele De Vita corner to give Bradford a point in a 2–2 draw against Bristol City.

He was Bradford City's 2014–15 Player of the Year.

Scunthorpe United
McArdle signed a three-year deal with fellow League One club Scunthorpe United on 21 June 2017, with the deal coming into effect from 1 July 2017.

Exeter City
On 19 May 2020, McArdle signed a contract with League Two club Exeter City. He scored his first goal for the club in February 2021, a 'trademark near-post header' in a 1–0 win over Stevenage.

Harrogate Town
On 30 June 2021, McArdle joined fellow League Two club Harrogate Town for an undisclosed fee. McArdle signed a new one-year deal in May 2022.

McArdle retired at the end of the 2022-23 season.

International career
McArdle made his full debut for Northern Ireland on 26 May 2010 against Turkey in a friendly.

Honours
Bradford City
 * Football League Cup runner-up: 2012–13

title: Rory McArdle


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User talk:Atashbar

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! We welcome and appreciate your contributions, such as Tehran Stock Exchange, but we regretfully cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from either web sites or printed material. For more information about Wikipedia's policies and guidelines, take a look at our Five Pillars. Happy editing!

title: User talk:Atashbar


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Léonie Duquet

Léonie Duquet (9 April 1916 – 1977) was a French nun who was arrested in December 1977 in Buenos Aires, Argentina, and "disappeared". She was believed killed by the military regime of Argentine President Jorge Rafael Videla during the Dirty War. Alice Domon, a French nun working with Duquet, disappeared a few days later. They had been working in poor neighborhoods of Buenos Aires in the 1970s and supported the Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo, founded in 1977. Despite repeated efforts by France to trace the sisters, the Argentine military dictatorship was unresponsive. In 1990 a French court in Paris tried Argentine Captain Alfredo Astiz, known to have arrested Duquet and believed implicated in the "disappearance" of Domon, for kidnapping the two sisters. He was convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment in absentia. In Argentina at the time, he and other military and security officers were shielded from prosecution by Pardon Laws passed in 1986 and 1987. These were repealed in 2003 and ruled unconstitutional in 2005, and the government re-opened prosecution of war crimes.

In July 2005 several bodies were found in a mass grave in General Lavalle Cemetery, 400 kilometers south of Buenos Aires. Forensic DNA testing in August identified one as Duquet's. DNA testing revealed that within the same grave were the remains of the three "disappeared" Argentine women, founders of the Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo, who had also been missing since December 1977. Domon has not been found. Since the confirmation of Duquet's murder, France has been seeking extradition of Astiz; in 2005 he was being detained in Argentina after being indicted on charges of kidnapping and torture.

Biography
Léonie Duquet was born in 1916 in Longemaison, Doubs, France, where she grew up in a Catholic family. Interested in service in the Church, she joined the Institute of Sisters in Foreign Missions Notre-Dame de la Motte as a novitiate. After taking vows as a religious sister, she traveled and worked as a missionary internationally.

Duquet and fellow sister Alice Domon were assigned to Argentina during the early 1970s. She was assigned to the group directed by Fr Ismaele Calcagno, a first cousin of Jorge Rafael Videla, the future dictator of Argentina. Léonie Duquet and her fellow nun Alice Domon were introduced to Videla because he needed assistance for his son Alejandro, a disabled child whom they taught and looked after in the Casa de la Caridad in Morón. In Buenos Aires the two sisters devoted their time to social work amongst the inhabitants of the city’s poorest townships. Duquet was dedicated to helping Argentina's poor and worked among them in Buenos Aires province as well as in the capital city. She lived and worked at the San Pablo de Ramos Mejia cathedral on the south side of the city.

She became involved with the Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo movement, which started in April 1977. The mothers wanted to publicize their "disappeared" children and force the government to tell them of their fates and locate them. The military dictatorship had a policy of suppressing political opposition by widespread state terrorism. Thousands of Argentine citizens who opposed the government had "disappeared", others were known to have been killed.

In December 1977, Duquet was arrested and kidnapped in the parish of San Pablo Ramos Majia by Marine Captain Alfredo Astiz. This was shortly after Astiz had led a police action at the Holy Cross Church in Buenos Aires against the Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo, where he had arranged the arrest of Azucena Villaflor and two other of the 13 founders of the group, together with a total of ten associates. Alice Domon was kidnapped soon after. Astiz became known as the "Blond Angel of Death". one of the most infamous torturers in Argentina.

The prisoners were taken to ESMA, where a secret detention and torture center had been set up. According to testimony of survivors, the sisters and other prisoners were held there about 10 days and severely tortured under interrogation. The sisters were forced to write and sign letters to the superior of their order, saying they had acted in opposition to the government of General Jorge Videla. They were photographed in front of a Montoneros banner, to appear as if they were with that guerrilla group. The photo was released to local and French press; the women showed evidence of physical torture. Soon after, all the group was "transferred out" of ESMA, which was understood to mean they were killed (Testimony of Horacio Domingo Maggio, File #4450); Testimony of Lisandro Raúl Cubas, File #6794).

Léonie Duquet is believed to have been killed by a military death squad under Astiz' command. As neither her nor Villaflor's bodies were found, some observers thought the women may have been among victims flown by plane and helicopter and thrown out while still alive over the ocean near Buenos Aires. In early 1978, unidentified bodies began to wash up on the beaches south of Buenos Aires.

The "disappearances" of Duquet and Domon, two French nationals, attracted international attention and outrage, with demands for a United Nations investigation of human rights abuses in the country. France demanded information of both the French nuns, but the Argentine government denied all responsibility for them.

Despite losing some of their founders, the Mothers of the Plaza continued marching and within the year hundreds of women and family friends joined them, demanding an accounting from the government. The weekly marches and annual anniversaries of resistance stood against the government's silence about the "disappeared".

Later trial and discovery
In 1990, Alfredo Astiz was tried and convicted in absentia of the kidnapping of the two sisters, Duquet and Domon, by a French court in Paris and sentenced to life imprisonment. He was not charged with murder because no bodies had been found for Duquet or Domon.

In July 2005, seven bodies were found in a mass grave near General Lavalle Cemetery, about 400 km south of Buenos Aires. Believing the remains were of people "disappeared" from 1976 to 1983, the democratic Argentine government ordered forensic DNA testing of the bodies. On 28 August 2005, one of the seven bodies was identified as that of Léonie Duquet. Villaflor and two other Mothers of the Plaza were also identified among them. Domon has not been found but is presumed dead.

By 2005, Astiz was being detained in Argentina at a naval facility on charges of kidnapping and torture. After passage in Argentina of the Pardon Laws in 1986 and 1987, he had been protected for a time from prosecution. He was dismissed from the military in 1998 for "making statements to the press defending his actions under the military dictatorship." In 2003 the Argentine Congress repealed the Pardon Laws, and in 2005 the Supreme Court ruled they were unconstitutional. The government had re-opened prosecution of war crimes committed during the dictatorship.

After identification of Duquet's remains, the French government was seeking extradition of Astiz to serve his sentence in France and to be tried for the murder of Duquet.

In October 2011, Astiz was convicted of crimes against humanity and sentenced to life in prison by an Argentine court.

Argentine trial
During the ESMA trial, Luis María Mendía testified in January 2007 before the Argentine tribunal that a French intelligence agent, Bertrand de Perseval, had participated in the abduction of Duquet and Domon. Perseval, who lives today in Thailand, has denied any links with the abduction of the nuns. He has admitted to being a former member of the Organisation armée secrète (OAS) operated by the French in Algeria during the civil war and said he went to Argentina after the March 1962 Évian Accords ended the Algerian War (1954–62).

French intelligence agents have long been suspected of having trained Argentine counterparts in "counter-insurgency" techniques (including the use of torture in investigations). Marie Monique Robin's TV documentary, The Death Squads – the French School (Les escadrons de la mort – l'école française, 2003), based on her book, documented that the French intelligence services had trained Argentine counterparts in counter-insurgency techniques.

During his testimony, Luis María Mendia referred to the film as evidence, and asked that the Argentine Court require former French president Giscard d'Estaing, former French premier Messmer, former French ambassador to Buenos Aires François de la Gorce, and all officials in place in the French embassy in Buenos Aires between 1976 and 1983 to be summoned before the court for their part in the abuses. Besides this French connection, he said the former head of state Isabel Perón and former ministers Carlos Ruckauf and Antonio Cafiero, who signed the "anti-subversion decrees" before Videla's 1976 coup d'état, had set up the policy and mechanism for state terrorism.

ESMA survivor Graciela Daleo characterized Mendía's allegations as a tactic to justify his crimes as legitimate. Under the 1987 Obediencia Debida Act, passed under pressure by the military, lower-level military and security personnel could not be prosecuted for carrying out orders. Similarly, Mendía said he and others had obeyed Isabel Perón's "anti-subversion decrees" (giving them a formal appearance of legality, although torture was forbidden by the Argentine Constitution).

The 1986 and 1987 Pardon Laws had been repealed in 2003, and ruled unconstitutional by the Argentine Supreme Court in 2005. By the time of Mendía's trial, this legislation provided no protection to him and others indicted for crimes committed under the military dictatorship.

In 2012, an Argentinian prosecutor filed charges against Julio Alberto Poch (es), a Dutch-Argentinian pilot, for flying the helicopter that carried the bodies of Domon, Duquet and three other women to be dumped into the Atlantic Ocean.

title: Léonie Duquet


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Günther (singer)

Mats Söderlund (born 25 July 1967), better known by his stage name Günther, is a Swedish singer.

Career
Söderlund was a model in his youth, and then later he was the owner of two nightclubs in Malmö.

Günther's 2004 song "Ding Dong Song" became popular in Sweden. The song (which featured Günther's backup singers, the Sunshine Girls) topped the Swedish charts in 2004 and would go on to be featured on his album Pleasureman.

In December 2013, Günther released the single "I'm Not Justin Bieber, Bitch". The song features strong electro house influences in its sound. The track's music video has gone viral, gaining momentum among fans and having 5.6 million views as of mid-2023.

Studio albums

 * Pleasureman (2004, Sweden; 2006, US; 2007, Japan)

Singles

 * "Ding Dong Song" (with The Sunshine Girls) (2004)
 * "Teeny Weeny String Bikini" (with The Sunshine Girls) (2004)
 * "Touch Me" (with Samantha Fox) (2004)
 * "Crazy and Wild" (with The Sunshine Girls) (2004)
 * "Tutti Frutti Summer Love" (with The Sunshine Girls) (2005)
 * "Christmas Song (Ding Dong)" (with The Sunshine Girls) (2005)
 * "Like Fire Tonight" (with The Sunshine Girls) (2006)
 * "Sun Trip (Summer Holiday)" (with The Sunshine Girls) (2007)
 * "Famous" (with The Sunshine Girls) (2010)
 * "Pussycat" (with The Sunshine Girls) (2011)
 * "I'm Not Justin Bieber, Bitch" (2013)
 * "No Pantalones" (feat. The Sunshine Girls) (2016)
 * "Love Yourself" (with D'Sanz) (2016)
 * "DYNAMITE" (with Blizz Bugaddi) (2017)
 * "Sex Myself" (2022)
 * "Coupe de Main" (2023)
 * "Real Sassy" (2023)
 * "SHUT UP (dance with me)" (2024)
 * "XXX" (with GPF) (2024)

Guest appearances

 * "Just Do It" (DJ Oku Luukkainen and Teflon Brothers) (2021)

title: Günther (singer)


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Talk:Zool (Game Gear)

I reckon this article should be removed. Any links should point to the main Zool topic. Cpc464 11:53, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Or it should be merged since, for some reason, the main article makes no mention of the Game Gear release. I agree, this article is unnecessary.Quickmythril (talk) 10:02, 23 January 2008 (UTC)

 * I agree with the concept of merging the articles. 99.230.152.143 (talk) 18:12, 12 April 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Zool (Game Gear)


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Chris Brunt

Christopher Colin Brunt (born 14 December 1984) is a Northern Irish former professional footballer who played as a midfielder and is the current West Bromwich Albion loan player manager. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest midfielders in the club’s history.

A versatile player, Brunt featured primarily as a left winger, but could also operate as a left-back or attacking midfielder. Brunt started his career with Middlesbrough but did not manage to make an appearance for the first team. He joined Sheffield Wednesday in 2004 and amassed 153 appearances for the club before joining West Bromwich Albion in 2007, where he went on to feature in over 400 matches.

Brunt earned 65 caps for the Northern Ireland national team between 2004 and 2017. He also represented his country at youth level.

Early life
Brunt was born and raised in Belfast, Northern Ireland, where he attended Newtownbreda Primary School. He then went on to study at Wellington College Belfast. As a youth player, he appeared for Saint Andrew's Boys' Club.

Middlesbrough
Brunt had trials with professional teams Rangers and Middlesbrough as a 16-year-old. He joined Middlesbrough's academy in 2001 and signed his first professional contract a year later. However, he failed to break into the first team at the Teesside club.

Sheffield Wednesday

He moved to Sheffield Wednesday in March 2004 on an initial short-term deal. A permanent free transfer followed soon after as Brunt signed a two-year contract at Wednesday.

In the 2004–05 season, his first full season at the club, Brunt helped Wednesday achieve promotion to the Championship by scoring five goals in all competitions with four of those coming in the league. In July 2005, he agreed a one-year extension to his existing contract.

He went on to hit seven goals the following season, finishing the campaign as the club's top goalscorer. He also passed the 100 appearance mark for Wednesday during the 2005–06 season, making him the club's most experienced player at the time.

With only one year remaining on his contract, negotiations between Brunt and Wednesday broke down in July 2007, due to what the club described as 'excessive wage demands'.

2007–2010: Securing top-flight status
West Bromwich Albion's bid for Brunt was accepted on 14 August 2007. They completed the signing the next day, in a £3 million four-year deal, which included £500,000 of performance-related add-ons. Brunt made his Albion debut as a second-half substitute in a 2–0 home win over Barnsley on 1 September 2007. He scored his first goal for the club in a 3–2 victory away at Scunthorpe United on 22 September 2007.

Brunt's performance in the 3–0 home win against Plymouth Argyle on 1 March 2008 saw him named in the Championship Team of the Week. On 28 April 2008, Brunt scored a late equalising goal against Southampton in a 1–1 draw; this effectively secured Albion's promotion to the Premier League because of their superior goal difference. He went on to score the free kick in West Brom's 2–0 win over Queens Park Rangers (QPR) that sealed automatic promotion.

Brunt was the club's top scorer in the 2008–09 season, scoring nine goals. This season ended in disappointment for Brunt and his West Brom teammates as the club were relegated, finishing in last place. He was named the club's Player of the Year for the 2008–09 season.

He enjoyed the most prolific goalscoring campaign of his career to date in the 2009–10 season with 13 goals in 43 games in all competitions. The Northern Ireland native once again helped the club reach the highest tier of English football, scoring the second goal in a 3–2 away win over Doncaster on 10 April 2010, which sealed the club's Premier League status. Brunt signed a new three-year contract in July 2010 to keep him at the club until the summer of 2013.

2011–2014: Club captain
In January 2011, Brunt was made stand-in captain as the manager decided to drop previous club captain Scott Carson. When Roy Hodgson took charge of the Baggies in February 2011, he made Brunt the permanent captain of the club. He signed another three-year contract in August 2011 as a reward for his impressive form.

He continued to be club captain after a new head coach was appointed when Hodgson had left to manage the England national team.

Brunt helped the team secure an 8th-place finish in the 2012–13 season, the highest the club has finished in the Premier League era, while also helping to secure the record number of points for the club (48). He scored twice in the season, his first a 30-yard strike at QPR which Albion won 2–1 and the second a finish from the edge of the box in a 2–2 draw at home to Aston Villa.

Alan Irvine confirmed Brunt would remain as club captain when he was appointed West Brom manager in the summer of 2014. He signed a new three-year deal on 10 August 2014 to keep him at the club until the summer of 2017.

2015–2020: Injury and comeback

Brunt relinquished the captaincy to new signing Darren Fletcher when the former Manchester United player made his debut for West Brom on 8 February 2015 in a match against Burnley. On 18 May 2015, Brunt was hit in the head by a ball kicked by Cesc Fàbregas in a match against Chelsea which resulted in the sending off of the latter.

He was struck on the face by a coin thrown by a West Brom supporter on 20 February 2016 in an FA Cup Fifth Round tie at Championship side Reading. Brunt was appalled by the incident, stating: "If people come to football matches and think it is acceptable to throw coins at footballers or anyone else, it is disgusting."

Brunt returned to first-team action after eight months out with an anterior cruciate knee injury in the 1–1 draw against Tottenham Hotspur at The Hawthorns on 15 October 2016. He scored his first goal of the 2016–17 season on 3 December in a 3–1 home win over Watford, ending a run of 29 Premier League appearances without a goal. His second goal of the season came on 2 January 2017 in a 3–1 home victory against Hull City, when he headed in from a Matt Phillips corner kick. 12 days later, he made his 300th league appearance and 200th Premier League start for West Brom in the next fixture against Tottenham Hotspur at White Hart Lane which ended in a 4–0 defeat for the West Midlands club. On 9 February 2017, Brunt signed a contract extension which would keep him at the club until the summer of 2018 with an option for another year should he trigger a clause relating to appearances. He made his 500th career appearance in club football against Burnley in August 2017 and the following month made his 350th appearance for Albion, against Watford.

In his final game for West Brom, Brunt helped them seal promotion to the Premier League with a 2–2 draw against Queens Park Rangers. He was released from West Bromwich Albion in the 2020 summer transfer window after spending 13 years with the club. Brunt holds Albion's Premier League appearance record, having turned out 269 times for the club in the competition.

Bristol City
Following his departure from The Baggies, on 7 September 2020, Brunt signed for Championship side Bristol City on a one-year deal.

On 3 January 2021, Brunt departed Bristol City, after it was mutually agreed to end his contract following an injury which will rule him out for most of the remaining season.

In May 2021, he announced his retirement from professional football.

International career
Brunt made 65 appearances for the Northern Ireland national team. He scored his first goal for his country in February 2009, when his free kick helped Northern Ireland to a 3–0 away victory over San Marino. In April 2012, it was revealed that Brunt was in manager Stuart Pearce's provisional squad for the 2012 Olympic Great Britain football team. He was in the end not selected in the final 18-man squad for the Games.

He missed out on the chance to appear at Euro 2016 after damaging his anterior cruciate ligament which required surgery. On 11 November 2016, Brunt returned to the international scene for Northern Ireland's 2018 World Cup qualification match against Azerbaijan. After sustaining a head injury early on, he recovered to set up a goal for club teammate Gareth McAuley and scored the final goal of a 4–0 win.

He announced his retirement from international football in August 2018.

Coaching career
In March 2021, Brunt returned to West Bromwich Albion as an academy coach. The following year, he was appointed as the club's loans manager.

Personal life
Brunt became a father for the first time on 1 May 2008, when his wife Cathy gave birth to a baby boy named Charlie. The couple then welcomed a second child, Zach David Brunt, on 18 April 2011. Brunt is a cousin of Canadian ice hockey player Shawn Thornton.

International

 * Northern Ireland score listed first, score column indicates score after each Brunt goal.

Honours
Sheffield Wednesday
 * Football League One play-offs: 2005

West Bromwich Albion
 * Football League Championship: 2007–08; runner-up: 2009–10, 2019–20

Individual
 * West Bromwich Albion Player of the Year: 2008–09

title: Chris Brunt


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Treadwheel

A treadwheel, or treadmill, is a form of engine typically powered by humans. It may resemble a water wheel in appearance, and can be worked either by a human treading paddles set into its circumference (treadmill), or by a human or animal standing inside it (treadwheel). These devices are no longer used for power or punishment, and the term "treadmill" has come to mean an exercise machine for running, walking or other exercises in place.

History
Uses of treadwheels included raising water, to power cranes, or grind grain. They were used extensively in the Greek and Roman world, such as in the reverse overshot water-wheel used for dewatering purposes. They were widely used in the Middle Ages to lift the stones in the construction of Gothic cathedrals. There is a literary reference to one in 1225, and one treadwheel crane survives at Chesterfield, Derbyshire and is housed in the Museum. It has been dated to the early 14th century and was housed in the top of the church tower until its removal in 1947. They were used extensively in the Renaissance famously by Brunelleschi during the construction of Florence cathedral.

Penal treadmills were used in prisons during the early Victorian period in the UK as a form of punishment. According to The Times in 1827, and reprinted in William Hone's Table-Book in 1838, the amount prisoners walked per day on average varied, from the equivalent of 6,600 vertical feet at Lewes to as much as 17,000 vertical feet in ten hours during the summertime at Warwick gaol. In 1902, the British government banned the use of the treadwheel as a form of punishment.

title: Treadwheel


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Hampstead Heath Ponds

Hampstead Heath Ponds are a series of some thirty bodies of water on or adjacent to Hampstead Heath, a vast open area of woodland and grassland in north London.

The main ponds were originally dug in the 17th and 18th centuries as reservoirs to meet London's growing water demand. These are divided into two groups: the three Hampstead Ponds (West Heath Side) and the eight Highgate Ponds (East Heath Side). Both sets of ponds are officially numbered incrementally from South to North, the southernmost pond being Hampstead no. 1 pond and the northernmost being Highgate no. 8 (Kenwood House's Wood Pond).

The majority of the ponds on Hampstead Heath are fed by the headwater springs of the River Fleet. Three of the main ponds are now large freshwater bathing/swimming ponds: two designated single sex (Highgate no. 2 male and Highgate no. 5 female); and one for mixed bathing (Hampstead no. 3). The bathing ponds are not the only special-use ponds, however: Highgate no. 3 pond is the Model Boating Pond and it, along with a few other ponds, are open to anglers. A number of the other ponds are set aside as wildlife reserves or are purely ornamental (such as the more minor Viaduct Pond). The City of London Corporation tried to close the bathing ponds in 2004, but a challenge at the High Court by swimmers overcame this, though charges for swimming were introduced.

Hampstead ponds
The Hampstead Ponds consist of three ponds on the Heath's southwest corner, towards South End Green. Hampstead Pond no. 3 is the mixed bathing pond, where both sexes may swim (angling prohibited).

Hampstead ponds no. 1 is strictly a nature/wildlife pond and Hampstead pond no. 2 permits angling.

Directly northwest of the mixed bathing pond is the "Viaduct Pond" and west of that is the Vale of Health pond; these are arguably within the flow of the "Hampstead ponds", but are not officially members of the group.

Highgate ponds
Highgate Ponds are a series of eight former reservoirs, on the heath's east (Highgate) side, and were originally dug in the 17th and 18th centuries. They include two single-sex swimming pools (the men's and ladies' bathing ponds), a model boating pond, and two ponds which serve as wildlife reserves: the Stock Pond and the Bird Sanctuary Pond. Angling is allowed in some of the ponds, although this may be threatened by proposals to modify the dams. The ponds are the result of the 1777 damming of Hampstead Brook (one of the Fleet River's sources), by the Hampstead Water Company, which was formed in 1692 to meet London's growing water demands.

"Boudicca's Mound", near the present men's bathing pond, is a tumulus where, according to local legend, Queen Boudicca (Boadicea) was buried after she and 10,000 Iceni warriors were defeated at Battle Bridge. However, historical drawings and paintings of the area show no mound other than a 17th-century windmill.

Swimming ponds
Hampstead has three different ponds for swimming: one for men, one for women and one mixed. Only swimmers over eight years of age are allowed; those between eight and 15 years old must be in the care of an adult. The ponds are open for swimming year round, and are popular with users.

The men's pond had a diving tower, but this was dismantled following an accident in the 1970s and only a low level board remains, along with showers and a small sunbathing and changing area.

Quality of water tests – which comply with EU regulations – are routinely performed on all three swimming ponds. The three ponds are not to be confused with Parliament Hill Lido, built in 1938, now with a stainless steel lining.

In 2004, the City of London Corporation, which holds the Heath in trust since the abolition of the Greater London Council in 1986, tried to close the bathing ponds on the grounds that they were an unsustainable drain on their expenses and posed a health risk to swimmers. Swimmers challenged this and won a victory in the High Court. To defray costs, the Corporation introduced a charge for admission of £4.50 per session, £2.70 for concessions. There was some opposition to this on the grounds that swimming there had been free since at least the 1920s, and some ticket machines were vandalised.

Famous people who have enjoyed swimming in the Hampstead ponds include novelist Esther Freud, politician Ed Miliband, journalist Dolly Alderton, actors Emma Corrin, Benedict Cumberbatch, Woody Harrelson and Sascha Baron Cohen, singer Harry Styles and presenter Dermot O'Leary. A collection of 14 reflections by contemporary writers on swimming in the Ladies' Pond was published in 2019 and includes contributions from Ava Wong Davies, Margaret Drabble, and Deborah Moggach.

Twenty-first century work on dams
In 2011, it was announced that the City of London was proposing extensive works on the ponds and dams, which it claimed were necessary for safety reasons in the event of a rare major storm. The proposals included measures to improve the water quality of the ponds as well as improvements to the pipes and weirs that allow water to cascade from one pond to the other. These initial recommendations followed engineers' reports in 2005 that the hydrology of the ponds was poorly understood. These same engineering reports resulted in engineering works in 2006 on the two ponds in the grounds of Kenwood House, to make their overflow structures and dams safer. There was strong opposition from the swimming clubs and the Protect Our Ponds campaign. In 2013 a united campaign was launched called Dam Nonsense to oppose the works, which the campaign claimed unnecessary and in conflict with the Hampstead Heath Act 1871. The campaign included all the groups opposed to the proposals. The work on the Hampstead Heath dams was further complicated by the regulations embodied in the 1975 Reservoir Act, which only relate to three dams on the Heath, and the regulations under the Flood and Water Management Act 2010 which potentially relate to all 14 dams on the Heath. The Heath and Hampstead Society took the engineering decisions of the City of London to judicial review in November 2014: the interpretation of the 1975 Reservoir Act was challenged and thereby the nature of the proposed engineering works to the dams. The case was heard by The Honourable Mrs Justice Lang (DBE) and a ruling, in favour of the City of London, was issued on 28 November 2014 (case number CO/4175/2014). The judgement also addressed the status of the proposed engineering works relative to the provisions of the 1871 Act, again ruling that the engineers had shown due consideration for the provisions of the Act.

The work went ahead and raised the height of the dams, in the case of the dam above the Men's Swimming Pond by 18 feet. The City of London Corporation said the work should be carried out urgently to reduce danger of flooding in surrounding built-up residential areas in the event of one of the dams bursting. The initial estimate of the number of lives which might be lost, in the event of a dam collapse in an extreme flood event, was over 2000 (2006 estimate). This figure has been reduced to less than 400, still a large number. However the chance of such an event is one in 400,000 years.

The regulated dams under the 1975 Reservoir Act are the Model Pond and the Men's Bathing Pond in the Highgate Chain. Highgate Number 1 pond would have been covered by the Act but the water level was lowered by the GLC in 1984. In the Hampstead chain, Hampstead Number 1 pond is also regulated under the 1975 Act.

Location
The men's and women's ponds are on the eastern side of the park, off Millfield Lane. The mixed bathing pond is towards the centre of the Heath, and is a 10–15 minute walk from Hampstead Heath railway station and from South End Green, which is served by several bus routes.

LGBT community
In the 1980s, Highgate Men's Pond was known as a spot where gay men from London gathered to socialize and cruise for sex. George Michael visited the ponds in search of sex and told The Guardian: "It's a much nicer place to get some quick and honest sex than standing in a bar, E'd off your tits (high on ecstasy) shouting at somebody and hoping they want the same thing as you do in bed." In the 90s, police patrolled the surrounding woods to try and stop men from having sex there.

Attempts by the government to restrict access to the ponds has continued intermittently to the present day, with protests erupting in 2020 over City of London Corporation introducing charges for swimming at the (previously free) beach as well as mandatory booking in advance. In 2020, police used COVID-19 restrictions to fine several gay men for cruising in the woods.

In December 2017, the City of London corporation confirmed that transgender women are allowed to use the women's pool per the Equality Act 2010. Anti-transgender activist Julie Bindel, who uses the pond regularly, criticised this decision, although reaction was more positive from other groups. Confirmation of this policy took place after a poll showed that 60% of locals strongly agreed with trans inclusion. In March 2024, during an annual meeting, the Kenwood Ladies' Pond Association voted against introducing a policy which would have excluded transgender women through redefining the word women to refer to only those assigned female at birth.

title: Hampstead Heath Ponds


text:
Guru Tashi

Guru Tashi was a 13th-century prince from the Minyak House of the Kham region of Eastern Tibet. According to legend, he had a divine revelation one night instructing him to travel south to seek his fortunes.

He travelled south to the present day Indian state of Sikkim. His descendants, beginning with Phuntsog Namgyal, were later to form the royal family of the Kingdom of Sikkim, known as the Chogyal Monarchy, which ruled from 1642 to 1975.

title: Guru Tashi


text:
Bentley, Western Australia

Bentley is a southern suburb of Perth, the capital city of Western Australia, 8 km southeast of Perth's central business district. Its local government areas are the City of Canning and the Town of Victoria Park. Bentley is home to the main campus of Curtin University and Technology Park.

History
Prior to European settlement, the area was originally home to the Beeloo Nyungar people, whose territory extended from the Canning River to the Darling Scarp. The Beeloo hunted and fished in land close to the river, which was then forested with jarrah and marri trees, as much of the metropolitan area was at the time. In 2001, the ABS reported that about 3% of Bentley's population were Aboriginal.

In 1830, the land was granted to James McDermott, and changed hands several times before being subdivided in 1885. The suburb was known as "Bentley Hill" from the 1860s onwards, honouring John Bentley (1822–1871), a prison warder and Crimean War veteran who arrived in the Swan River Colony as a pensioner guard, and supervised convicts building the then-Albany Road in 1862–1864. A large camp for the road workers was established in what is now St James.

In the 1880s, a dairy was established at "Canningford House" near the present-day intersection of Albany Highway and Leach Highway by Fred and Harry Liddelow, and in 1905 a piggery was established opposite.

In the 1940s, the State Housing Commission commenced urban residential development in the area. Housing was also provided by the government to reward former military servicemen for their efforts during the Second World War. Some of these modest war service homes remain today, a few are still occupied by ageing veterans. In 1960–1961, two large retirement housing complexes, Bentley Park (formerly Swan Cottage Homes) and Rowethorpe Homes, were built in the suburb's west and West Australian Institute of Technology (WAIT), later Curtin University, was opened in 1967.

In 1969–1970, the Brownlie Towers precinct was created – the main feature of which was the twin 10-storey Brownlie Towers. Also included in the precinct were a smaller two-storey apartment complex, 104 two-storey townhouses and 20 single detached houses. Complete with a school, community centre, shopping area, swimming pool and sports facilities and linked to public transport, it was initially championed as a triumph of community building and innovative design by the State Housing Commission. However, social problems developed on and around the site, in part due to high vacancy rates and the public accessibility of the main towers. In 2002, the Government added the precinct to its "New Living" refurbishment program, which commenced at Brownlie Towers in 2004. Ultimately, the towers were demolished in 2019 to make way for the Bentley 360 residential development.

The Western Australian Technology Park was established opposite the university in 1985, and expanded in the 1990s. Over 90 companies, government departments and research groups with over 2,500 employees across a range of technological and scientific fields opened offices and research facilities at the park. It claims to contribute over $2 billion per annum to the Western Australian economy.

Population
In the 2016 Census, there were 8,782 people in Bentley. 33.6% of people were born in Australia. The next most common countries of birth were Malaysia 6.9%, China 6.3%, India 5.3%, England 4.1% and Indonesia 3.4%. 42.3% of people only spoke English at home. Other languages spoken at home included Mandarin 10.9%, Indonesian 3.5%, Cantonese 2.8%, Punjabi 1.8% and Other Southern Asian Languages 1.6%. The most common responses for religion were No Religion 25.2% and Catholic 15.6%.

Geography
Bentley is bounded by Kent Street to the west, Manning Road and Burton/Mills Streets to the south, Jarrah Road, Holder, Coolgardie and Tate Streets to the north and the Armadale railway line to the northeast. The section east of Albany Highway is largely commercial and industrial, while the area to the west bounded by Jarrah Road, Marquis Street, Cunning Road and Kent Street is dominated by environmental and cow grazing facilities. The rest is almost entirely residential.

Senior and tertiary education
Bentley contains a university, further education colleges and a senior high school.

 * Curtin University
 * Morling College
 * South Metropolitan TAFE
 * Canning College

The presence of Curtin University, Canning College (originally Bentley High School, built 1960 and reopened 1982 as a college supporting adults returning to education, one of only four in the State) and the Bentley campus of Polytechnic West has attracted large numbers of fee-paying international students to the area, many of whom live in the suburb or in nearby parts of East Victoria Park, St James, Karawara and Waterford. In 2001 the ABS reported that 25% of Bentley's population are from East or South-East Asia.

Facilities
Bentley is an established suburb with schools, restaurants, a shopping centre known as Bentley Plaza (formerly La Plaza Bentley and then The Bentley Centre) which was opened in 1969, the Bentley Hospital, and a large retirement housing complex (Rowethorpe and SwanCare). Although it is predominantly a residential suburb, Bentley has a retail and light-industrial component in the areas adjacent to Albany Highway. It also contains the Boronia Pre-release Centre for Women, a minimum-security prison.

Transport
The suburb is served by a range of bus services, including the CircleRoute from Oats Street railway station and the Transperth 34 and 72 bus routes between Perth City and Cannington interchange. These services are operated by the Public Transport Authority.

Bus Stations

 * Curtin Central Bus Station
 * Curtin University Bus Station

Bus Routes

 * 30 Curtin University Bus Station to Perth Busport – serves Hayman Road, Lawson Road and Manning Road
 * 33 Curtin Central Bus Station to Elizabeth Quay Bus Station – serves Hayman Road
 * 34 Cannington Station to Perth Busport – serves Albany Highway, Ashburton Street, Pollock Street, Walpole Street, Holder Street, Hayman Road, Curtin University Bus Station, Kent Street and Curtin Central Bus Station
 * 37 Curtin University Bus Station to Airport Central Station – serves Adie Court and Jarrah Road
 * 72 Elizabeth Quay Bus Station to Cannington Station – serves Jarrah Road, Adie Court, Curtin University Bus Station, Hayman Road, Lawson Street and Manning Road
 * 75 Elizabeth Quay Bus Station to Canning Vale – serves Jarrah Road, Adie Court, Curtin University Bus Station, Hayman Road and Lawson Street
 * 100 Cannington Station to Canning Bridge Station – serves Manning Road, Lawson Street, Hayman Road, Curtin University Bus Station, Curtin Central Bus Station and Kent Street
 * 101 Curtin Central Bus Station to Canning Bridge Station – serves Kent Street, Hayman Road, Curtin University Bus Station, Lawson Street, Manning Road
 * 177 Elizabeth Quay Bus Station to Cannington Station – serves Chapman Road, Wyong Road and Manning Road
 * 178 and 179 Elizabeth Quay Bus Station to Bull Creek Station – serve Walpole Street and Dumond Street
 * 201 Curtin University Bus Station to Cannington Station – serves Adie Court, Jarrah Road, Hill View Terrace, Holder Street, Walpole Street, Ashburton Street, Albany Highway and Mills Street
 * 220 Perth Busport to Armadale Station – serves Albany Highway
 * 284 Curtin University Bus Station to Belmont Forum – serves Adie Court, Jarrah Road, Kent Street, Curtin Central Bus Station and Hayman Road
 * 509 Cannington Station to Bull Creek Station – serves Manning Road
 * 930 Elizabeth Quay Bus Station to Thornlie Station (high frequency) – serves Albany Highway
 * 960 Curtin Central Bus Station to Mirrabooka Bus Station (high frequency) – serves Hayman Road, Curtin Central Bus Station and Kent Street
 * 998 Fremantle Station to Fremantle Station (limited stops) – CircleRoute clockwise, serves Jarrah Road, Adie Court, Curtin University Bus Station, Hayman Road, Lawson Street
 * 999 Fremantle Station to Fremantle Station (limited stops) – CircleRoute anti-clockwise, serves Lawson Street, Hayman Road, Curtin University Bus Station, Adie Court and Jarrah Road

Politics
Bentley is a mixed-class suburb which consistently favours the Australian Labor Party at both federal and state elections. The strongest results for Labor are recorded at the Bentley Community Centre booth adjacent to Brownlie Towers.

title: Bentley, Western Australia