text:
Janette Turner Hospital

Janette Turner Hospital (née Turner) (born 1942) is an Australian-born novelist and short story writer who has lived most of her adult life in Canada or the United States, principally Boston (Massachusetts), Kingston (Ontario) and Columbia (South Carolina). She also uses the penname "Alex Juniper".

Early life and education
Turner was born in Melbourne on November 12, 1942 and grew up in Queensland. She studied at the University of Queensland and Kelvin Grove Teachers College, gaining a BA in 1965. She holds an MA from Queen's University, Canada, 1973.

Career
Turner Hospital published her first story in "Atlantic Monthly" in 1978, and her first novel, The Ivory Swing, in 1982.

She also teaches literature and creative writing and has been writer-in-residence at universities in Australia, Canada, England and the United States (MIT, Boston University, Colgate and the University of South Carolina).

She visited the Writer-in-Residence in the MFA program at Columbia University in 2010.

She has published six novels as well as three story collections. Her 2003 novel Due Preparations for the Plague received the Queensland Premier's Award for Fiction.

Her books, such as Oyster and Due Preparations for the Plague, are published in multiple translations.

She is known for her penchant for beginning books with intricate riddles, continues this pattern with her 2014 novel The Claimant, it delves into the complexities of identity, class, and morality against the backdrop of a wealthy Vanderbilt family's fortune.

Honours and awards
Turner Hospital was awarded an honorary D.Litt. from the University of Queensland, Australia, for "services to Australian Literature". She has won a number of international literary awards, including the Steele Rudd Award for Best Collection of Short Stories, 2012. She was also a finalist (one of five) for Prime Minister's Literary Award for Fiction and for the Melbourne Age Book of the Year Award for Fiction.

Novels

 * The Tiger in the Tiger Pit (1983)
 * Borderline (novel) (1985)
 * Charades (novel) (1988)
 * A Very Proper Death, as Alex Juniper (1990)
 * The Last Magician (1992)
 * Oyster (1996)
 * Due Preparations for the Plague (2003)
 * Orpheus Lost (2007)
 * The Claimant (2016)
 * The Claimant (2016)

Short story collections

 * Dislocations (1986)
 * Isobars (1990)
 * Collected Stories (1995)
 * North of Nowhere, South of Loss (2003)

title: Janette Turner Hospital


text:
X51

X51 or X-51 may refer to:

 * Boeing X-51, a scramjet-waverider from the Air Force Research Laboratory
 * X-51 (Deus Ex), a fictional organization in the video game Deus Ex
 * X-51 (Machine Man), a fictional character in the Marvel Comics Universe
 * X51 (New York City bus), express bus route in New York City
 * Axim X51, PDA made by Dell
 * X51 FAA LID for Homestead General Aviation Airport in Florida

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: X51


text:
MediaWiki:Licenses

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title: MediaWiki:Licenses


text:
Talk:Pitseolak Ashoona

Nomenclature
Aren't the Inuat from Nunavut? Just a thought.
 * Nunavut had not separated from the NWT when Pitseolak Ashoona was alive.  PK  T (alk)  13:34, 25 November 2010 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Peter Pitseolak postage stamp.jpg
Image:Peter Pitseolak postage stamp.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 07:20, 15 January 2008 (UTC)

thanks
thank you tweet Victuallers (talk) 10:30, 4 March 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pitseolak Ashoona


text:
Live at Five

Live at Five or Live at 5 is a name used by several television stations to refer to their 5:00 pm newscasts or talk shows, including (but not limited to):

 * Live at Five (WNBC TV series) in New York City, United States
 * Live at 5, a CTV 2 Atlantic news operation in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
 * Live at 5 (Canadian TV program) in Toronto, Canada
 * Live at Five (Sky News programme) in the United Kingdom
 * Live at Five (STV2) in the United Kingdom
 * Live at Five (TCMedia Ch. 22, 77) in Olympia Washington

title: Live at Five


text:
User talk:Phyo min zaw

             Phyo Min ZawMY name is phyo min zaw and i was born in mandalay at 16.12.1981.my parents are u san thin and daw mar mar than and they are teachers.i have one younger brother and younger sister.younger sister is pen ei phyu and she is a teacher. younger brother is hein thant and now he is attending at defence service acadamy (DSA).i am holding B.E(electronic)degree.i have many friends ,among them my best friend is sai kaung kham.He is a technician of myanmar computer professional association.i loved a girl but i can't tell her name.her name is --

hi .....

Sai kaung kham is my fri and my teacher ......

title: User talk:Phyo min zaw


text:
Integrable system

In mathematics, integrability is a property of certain dynamical systems. While there are several distinct formal definitions, informally speaking, an integrable system is a dynamical system with sufficiently many conserved quantities, or first integrals, that its motion is confined to a submanifold of much smaller dimensionality than that of its phase space.

Three features are often referred to as characterizing integrable systems:
 * the existence of a maximal set of conserved quantities (the usual defining property of complete integrability)
 * the existence of algebraic invariants, having a basis in algebraic geometry (a property known sometimes as algebraic integrability)
 * the explicit determination of solutions in an explicit functional form (not an intrinsic property, but something often referred to as solvability)

Integrable systems may be seen as very different in qualitative character from more generic dynamical systems, which are more typically chaotic systems. The latter generally have no conserved quantities, and are asymptotically intractable, since an arbitrarily small perturbation in initial conditions may lead to arbitrarily large deviations in their trajectories over a sufficiently large time.

Many systems studied in physics are completely integrable, in particular, in the Hamiltonian sense, the key example being multi-dimensional harmonic oscillators. Another standard example is planetary motion about either one fixed center (e.g., the sun) or two. Other elementary examples include the motion of a rigid body about its center of mass (the Euler top) and the motion of an axially symmetric rigid body about a point in its axis of symmetry (the Lagrange top).

In the late 1960s, it was realized that there are completely integrable systems in physics having an infinite number of degrees of freedom, such as some models of shallow water waves (Korteweg–de Vries equation), the Kerr effect in optical fibres, described by the nonlinear Schrödinger equation, and certain integrable many-body systems, such as the Toda lattice. The modern theory of integrable systems was revived with the numerical discovery of solitons by Martin Kruskal and Norman Zabusky in 1965, which led to the inverse scattering transform method in 1967.

In the special case of Hamiltonian systems, if there are enough independent Poisson commuting first integrals for the flow parameters to be able to serve as a coordinate system on the invariant level sets (the leaves of the Lagrangian foliation), and if the flows are complete and the energy level set is compact, this implies the Liouville-Arnold theorem; i.e., the existence of action-angle variables. General dynamical systems have no such conserved quantities; in the case of autonomous Hamiltonian systems, the energy is generally the only one, and on the energy level sets, the flows are typically chaotic.

A key ingredient in characterizing integrable systems is the Frobenius theorem, which states that a system is Frobenius integrable (i.e., is generated by an integrable distribution) if, locally, it has a foliation by maximal integral manifolds. But integrability, in the sense of dynamical systems, is a global property, not a local one, since it requires that the foliation be a regular one, with the leaves embedded submanifolds.

Integrability does not necessarily imply that generic solutions can be explicitly expressed in terms of some known set of special functions; it is an intrinsic property of the geometry and topology of the system, and the nature of the dynamics.

General dynamical systems
In the context of differentiable dynamical systems, the notion of integrability refers to the existence of invariant, regular foliations;  i.e., ones whose leaves are embedded submanifolds of the smallest possible dimension that are invariant under the  flow. There is thus a variable notion of the degree of integrability, depending on the dimension of the leaves of the invariant foliation. This concept has a refinement in the case of Hamiltonian systems, known as complete integrability in the sense of Liouville (see below), which is what is most frequently referred to in this context.

An extension of the notion of integrability is also applicable to discrete systems such as lattices. This definition can be adapted to describe evolution equations that either are systems of differential equations or finite difference equations.

The distinction between integrable and nonintegrable dynamical systems has the qualitative implication of regular motion vs. chaotic motion and hence is an intrinsic property, not just a matter of whether a system can be explicitly integrated in an exact form.

Hamiltonian systems and Liouville integrability
In the special setting of Hamiltonian systems, we have the notion of integrability in the Liouville sense. (See the Liouville–Arnold theorem.) Liouville integrability means that there exists a regular foliation of the phase space by invariant manifolds such that the Hamiltonian vector fields associated with the invariants of the foliation span the tangent distribution. Another way to state this is that there exists a maximal set of functionally independent Poisson commuting invariants (i.e., independent functions on the phase space whose Poisson brackets with the Hamiltonian of the system, and with each other, vanish).

In finite dimensions, if the phase space is symplectic (i.e., the center of the Poisson algebra consists only of constants), it must have even dimension $$2n, $$ and the maximal number of independent Poisson commuting invariants (including the Hamiltonian itself) is $$n $$. The leaves of the foliation are totally isotropic with respect to the symplectic form and such a maximal isotropic foliation is called Lagrangian. All autonomous Hamiltonian systems (i.e. those for which the Hamiltonian and Poisson brackets are not explicitly time-dependent) have at least one invariant; namely, the Hamiltonian itself, whose value along the flow is the energy. If the energy level sets are compact, the leaves of the Lagrangian foliation are tori, and the natural linear coordinates on these are called "angle" variables. The cycles of the canonical $$ 1 $$-form are called the action variables, and the resulting canonical coordinates are called action-angle variables (see below).

There is also a distinction between complete integrability, in the Liouville sense, and partial integrability, as well as a notion of superintegrability and maximal superintegrability. Essentially, these distinctions correspond to the dimensions of the leaves of the foliation. When the number of independent Poisson commuting invariants is less than maximal (but, in the case of autonomous systems, more than one), we say the system is partially integrable. When there exist further functionally independent invariants, beyond the maximal number that can be Poisson commuting, and hence the dimension of the leaves of the invariant foliation is less than n, we say the system is superintegrable. If there is a regular foliation with one-dimensional leaves (curves), this is called maximally superintegrable.

Action-angle variables
When a finite-dimensional Hamiltonian system is completely integrable in the Liouville sense, and the energy level sets are compact, the flows are complete, and the leaves of the invariant foliation are tori. There then exist, as mentioned above, special sets of canonical coordinates on the phase space known as action-angle variables, such that the invariant tori are the joint level sets of the action variables. These thus provide a complete set of invariants of the Hamiltonian flow (constants of motion), and the angle variables are the natural periodic coordinates on the tori. The motion on the invariant tori, expressed in terms of these canonical coordinates, is linear in the angle variables.

The Hamilton–Jacobi approach
In canonical transformation theory, there is the Hamilton–Jacobi method, in which solutions to Hamilton's equations are sought by first finding a complete solution of the associated Hamilton–Jacobi equation. In classical terminology, this is described as determining a transformation to a canonical set of coordinates consisting of completely ignorable variables; i.e., those in which there is no dependence of the Hamiltonian on a complete set of canonical "position" coordinates, and hence the corresponding canonically conjugate momenta are all conserved quantities. In the case of compact energy level sets, this is the first step towards determining the action-angle variables. In the general theory of partial differential equations of Hamilton–Jacobi type, a complete solution (i.e. one that depends on n independent constants of integration, where n is the dimension of the configuration space), exists in very general cases, but only in the local sense. Therefore, the existence of a complete solution of the Hamilton–Jacobi equation is by no means a characterization of complete integrability in the Liouville sense. Most cases that can be "explicitly integrated" involve a complete separation of variables, in which the separation constants provide the complete set of integration constants that are required. Only when these constants can be reinterpreted, within the full phase space setting, as the values of a complete set of Poisson commuting functions restricted to the leaves of a Lagrangian foliation, can the system be regarded as completely integrable in the Liouville sense.

Solitons and inverse spectral methods
A resurgence of interest in classical integrable systems came with the discovery, in the late 1960s, that solitons, which are strongly stable, localized solutions of partial differential equations like the Korteweg–de Vries equation (which describes 1-dimensional non-dissipative fluid dynamics in shallow basins), could be understood by viewing these equations as infinite-dimensional integrable Hamiltonian systems. Their study leads to a very fruitful approach for "integrating" such systems, the inverse scattering transform and more general inverse spectral methods (often reducible to Riemann–Hilbert problems), which generalize local linear methods like Fourier analysis to nonlocal linearization, through the solution of associated integral equations.

The basic idea of this method is to introduce a linear operator that is determined by the position in phase space and which evolves under the dynamics of the system in question in such a way that its "spectrum" (in a suitably generalized sense) is invariant under the evolution, cf. Lax pair. This provides, in certain cases, enough invariants, or "integrals of motion" to make the system completely integrable. In the case of systems having an infinite number of degrees of freedom, such as the KdV equation, this is not sufficient to make precise the property of Liouville integrability. However, for suitably defined boundary conditions, the spectral transform can, in fact, be interpreted as a transformation to completely ignorable coordinates, in which the conserved quantities form half of a doubly infinite set of canonical coordinates, and the flow linearizes in these. In some cases, this may even be seen as a transformation to action-angle variables, although typically only a finite number of the "position" variables are actually angle coordinates, and the rest are noncompact.

Hirota bilinear equations and τ-functions
Another viewpoint that arose in the modern theory of integrable systems originated in a calculational approach pioneered by Ryogo Hirota, which involved replacing the original nonlinear dynamical system with a bilinear system of constant coefficient equations for an auxiliary quantity, which later came to be known as the τ-function. These are now referred to as the Hirota equations. Although originally appearing just as a calculational device, without any clear relation to the inverse scattering approach, or the Hamiltonian structure, this nevertheless gave a very direct method from which important classes of solutions such as solitons could be derived.

Subsequently, this was interpreted by Mikio Sato and his students, at first for the case of integrable hierarchies of PDEs, such as the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili hierarchy, but then for much more general classes of integrable hierarchies, as a sort of universal phase space approach, in which, typically, the commuting dynamics were viewed simply as determined by a fixed (finite or infinite) abelian group action on a (finite or infinite) Grassmann manifold. The τ-function was viewed as the determinant of a projection operator from elements of the group orbit to some origin within the Grassmannian, and the Hirota equations as expressing the Plücker relations, characterizing the Plücker embedding of the Grassmannian in the projectivization of a suitably defined (infinite) exterior space, viewed as a fermionic Fock space.

Quantum integrable systems
There is also a notion of quantum integrable systems.

In the quantum setting, functions on phase space must be replaced by self-adjoint operators on a Hilbert space, and the notion of Poisson commuting functions replaced by commuting operators. The notion of conservation laws must be specialized to local conservation laws. Every Hamiltonian has an infinite set of conserved quantities given by projectors to its energy eigenstates. However, this does not imply any special dynamical structure.

To explain quantum integrability, it is helpful to consider the free particle setting. Here all dynamics are one-body reducible. A quantum system is said to be integrable if the dynamics are two-body reducible. The Yang–Baxter equation is a consequence of this reducibility and leads to trace identities which provide an infinite set of conserved quantities. All of these ideas are incorporated into the quantum inverse scattering method where the algebraic Bethe ansatz can be used to obtain explicit solutions. Examples of quantum integrable models are the Lieb–Liniger model, the Hubbard model and several variations on the Heisenberg model. Some other types of quantum integrability are known in explicitly time-dependent quantum problems, such as the driven Tavis-Cummings model.

Exactly solvable models
In physics, completely integrable systems, especially in the infinite-dimensional setting, are often referred to as exactly solvable models. This obscures the distinction between integrability, in the Hamiltonian sense, and the more general dynamical systems sense.

There are also exactly solvable models in statistical mechanics, which are more closely related to quantum integrable systems than classical ones. Two closely related methods: the Bethe ansatz approach, in its modern sense, based on the Yang–Baxter equations and the quantum inverse scattering method, provide quantum analogs of the inverse spectral methods. These are equally important in the study of solvable models in statistical mechanics.

An imprecise notion of "exact solvability" as meaning: "The solutions can be expressed explicitly in terms of some previously known functions" is also sometimes used, as though this were an intrinsic property of the system itself, rather than the purely calculational feature that we happen to have some "known" functions available, in terms of which the solutions may be expressed. This notion has no intrinsic meaning, since what is meant by "known" functions very often is defined precisely by the fact that they satisfy certain given equations, and the list of such "known functions" is constantly growing. Although such a characterization of "integrability" has no intrinsic validity, it often implies the sort of regularity that is to be expected in integrable systems.

List of some well-known integrable systems

 * Classical mechanical systems
 * Calogero–Moser–Sutherland model
 * Central force motion (exact solutions of classical central-force problems)
 * Geodesic motion on ellipsoids
 * Harmonic oscillator
 * Integrable Clebsch and Steklov systems in fluids
 * Lagrange, Euler, and Kovalevskaya tops
 * Neumann oscillator
 * Two center Newtonian gravitational motion
 * Integrable lattice models
 * Ablowitz–Ladik lattice
 * Toda lattice
 * Volterra lattice
 * Integrable systems in 1 + 1 dimensions
 * AKNS system
 * Benjamin–Ono equation
 * Boussinesq equation (water waves)
 * Camassa–Holm equation
 * Classical Heisenberg ferromagnet model (spin chain)
 * Degasperis–Procesi equation
 * Dym equation
 * Garnier integrable system
 * Kaup–Kupershmidt equation
 * Krichever–Novikov equation
 * Korteweg–de Vries equation
 * Landau–Lifshitz equation (continuous spin field)
 * Nonlinear Schrödinger equation
 * Nonlinear sigma models
 * Sine–Gordon equation
 * Thirring model
 * Three-wave equation
 * Integrable PDEs in 2 + 1 dimensions
 * Davey–Stewartson equation
 * Ishimori equation
 * Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation
 * Novikov–Veselov equation
 * Integrable PDEs in 3 + 1 dimensions
 * The Belinski–Zakharov transform generates a Lax pair for the Einstein field equations; general solutions are termed gravitational solitons, of which the Schwarzschild metric, the Kerr metric and some gravitational wave solutions are examples.
 * Exactly solvable statistical lattice models
 * 8-vertex model
 * Gaudin model
 * Ising model in 1- and 2-dimensions
 * Ice-type model of Lieb
 * Quantum Heisenberg model

Related areas

 * Mathematical physics
 * Soliton
 * Painleve transcendents
 * Statistical mechanics
 * Integrable algorithm

Some key contributors (since 1965)
• Mark Ablowitz

• Rodney Baxter

• Percy Deift

• Leonid Dickey

• Vladimir Drinfeld

• Boris Dubrovin

• Ludvig Faddeev

• Hermann Flaschka

• Israel Gel'fand

• Alexander Its

• Michio Jimbo

• Igor M. Krichever

• Martin Kruskal

• Peter Lax

• Vladimir Matveev

• Henry McKean

• Robert Miura

• Tetsuji Miwa

• Alan Newell

• Nicolai Reshetikhin

• Aleksei Shabat

• Evgeny Sklyanin

• Mikio Sato

• Elliott H. Lieb

• Graeme Segal

• George Wilson

• Vladimir E. Zakharov

title: Integrable system


text:
Castro Adobe

The Rancho San Andrés Castro Adobe is a historically and architecturally significant house located in the Pájaro Valley, California. The two-story Rancho San Andrés Castro Adobe is a historic rancho hacienda that was built between 1848 and 1849.

History
The house was built in 1848–1849 by Juan José Castro. His father Jose Joaquin Castro (1768–1838), came to California as a 6-year-old with his family from Sinaloa Mexico on the 1775–1776 Anza Expedition. Jose Joaquín Castro received this Mexican land grant Rancho San Andrés in the area of present-day Watsonville, California. It had the first dance floor (fandango room) in Santa Cruz County, California, and one of the first indoor kitchens (cocina). It is the only two-story hacienda ever built in Santa Cruz County.

The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places listings in Santa Cruz County, California on December 12, 1976. It is California Historical Landmark number 998. The adobe was severely damaged in the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. One wall had completely collapsed, and the house needed seismic retrofitting before being safe for the public. Owner Edna Kimbro sold it to the state of California in 2002. Starting in August 2007, Friends of California State Parks volunteers and the California Conservation Corps began restoration by making 2,500 adobe bricks. Almost 100 members of the Castro family held a reunion at the site in 2008.

The Rancho San Andrés Castro Adobe Park Property is currently (2024) open to the public only by appointment, special event, or free scheduled open house tour. Tour registration is via the website.

title: Castro Adobe


text: Category:Radio stations in Sweden

title: Category:Radio stations in Sweden


text: User talk:69.218.168.181

title: User talk:69.218.168.181


text:
User talk:Sabrina97463

Hi, Sabrina. FYI, info like this belongs on your user page, so I've moved it there. Welcome to the club. - Lucky 6.9

title: User talk:Sabrina97463


text:
User talk:Sir Lewk

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia!

Thanks for your effort to clean up Benedictine! I suspect you did the clean-up by hand-editing out the vandalism, but there's an easier and surer way:

 * 1) While the article is on display, click on the "History" tab at the top of the article. Beside each edit will be a "radio" button, with the two most recent version selected.

 * 1) If the same editor has made several changes, click on the left-hand radio button for the most-recent version before they began editing.

 * 1) Press "Compare selected versions". The differences will be shown to you with the old version on the left and the new, vandalized version on the right.

 * 1) If everything the most recent editor did is vandalism, click on the header of the old version (for example, it may say "Revision as of 03:52, 14 February 2006"). That version of the article will be displayed.

 * 1) Edit that version (click "Edit this page"), but don't make any actual edits, just fill in the "Edit summary" box with a brief message like "Revert vandal" or "rvv" and press "Save page".

The nice part about this is that if multiple people use this same method to revert the vandalism, the Wiki software understands this and doesn't save multiple versions of the reverted article. And because the now-reverted article is byte-for-byte identical with the earlier, good version, it makes it easier to "diff" the article in the future, the next time a vandal comes along. (And they do come along, all the time, everywhere! Its amazing that people have the time and inclination to make so many juvenile edits!)

Thanks again. I hope you like Wikipedia and decide to stay. Here's more good information for newcomers:

 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
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I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place   on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!

Atlant 13:47, 14 February 2006 (UTC)

Oil Drilling
Thank you for giving me those opinons. They make a lot of sense to me. I will rethink my posision on Alaskan oil drilling.--Fox Mccloud 03:16, 16 February 2006 (UTC)

 * No problem, I though the same as you until someone explained their thoughts to me. --Lewk_of_Serthic contrib talk 03:21, 16 February 2006 (UTC)

Thanks!
Thanks for your kind words! Nach0king 09:10, 2 March 2006 (UTC)

Welcome to Esperanza!
Welcome,, to Esperanza, the Wikipedia member association! As you might know, all the Esperanzians share one important goal: the success of this encyclopedia. Within that, we then attempt to strengthen the community bonds, and be the "approachable" side of the project. All of our ideals are held in the Charter, the governing document of the association.

Now that you are a member you should read the guide to what to do now or you may be interested in some of our programs. A quite important program is the StressUnit, which seeks to support editors who have encountered any stress from their Wikipedia events, and are seeking to leave the project. So far, Esperanza can be credited with the support and retention of several users. We will send you newsletters to keep you up to date. Also, we have a calendar of special events, member birthdays, and other holidays that you can add to and follow.

In addition to these projects, several more missions of Esperanza are in development, and are currently being created at Esperanza/Possibles.

I encourage you to take an active voice in the running of Esperanza. We have a small government system, headed by our Administrator general, Celestianpower, and guided by the Advisory Committee comprised of KnowledgeOfSelf, JoanneB, FireFox and Titoxd. The next set of elections will be in April, and I would be glad to see you vote, or even consider running for a position.

If you have any other questions, concerns, comments, or general ideas, Esperanzian or otherwise, know that you can always contact Celestianpower by email or talk page or the Esperanza talk page. Alternatively, you could communicate with fellow users via our IRC channel, #wikipedia-esperanza (which is also good for a fun chat or two :). I thank you for joining Esperanza, and look forward to working with you in making Wikipedia a better place to work!

Misza 13 T C 20:20, 27 March 2006 (UTC)

Featured picture candidates/SydneyOperaHouse
Hi, just writing to let you know that I've uploaded a larger version that has the slope corrected. I hope you like the new version :) enochlau (talk) 13:58, 11 April 2006 (UTC)

Old Skool Esperanzial note
Since this isn't the result of an AC meeting, I have decided to go Old Skool. This note is to remind you that the elections are taking place now and will end at 23:50 UTC on 2006-04-29. Please vote here. Thanks. --Cel es tianpower háblame 20:42, 23 April 2006 (UTC)

A short Esperanzial update
As you may have gathered, discussions have been raging for about a week on the Esperanza talk page as to the future direction of Esperanza. Some of these are still ongoing and warrant more input (such as the idea to scrap the members list altogether). However, some decisions have been made and the charter has hence been amended. See what happened. Basically, the whole leadership has had a reshuffle, so please review the new, improved charter.

As a result, we are electing 4 people this month. They will replace JoanneB and Pschemp and form a new tranche A, serving until December. Elections will begin on 2006-07-02 and last until 2006-07-09. If you wish to run for a Council position, add your name to the list before 2006-07-02. For more details, see Esperanza/June 2006 elections.

Thanks and kind, Esperanzial regards, —Cel es tianpower háblame 16:00, 23 June 2006 (UTC)

I remember you
I saw you at the FPC page.. you're a member of ticalc.org right? I'm Brian Gordon there (I believe my ticalc profile is linked from my user page). --froth T C  07:43, 4 December 2006 (UTC)

Creepy, I remember you from ti-news.net. So weird! Stale Fries 01:16, 28 February 2007 (UTC)

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=Image wanted= Hi. I noticed you commented on this engine image. You may like to comment on the planned new image here Cuddlyable3 (talk) 12:17, 16 July 2008 (UTC)

September 2009
Thank you for your contribution, but we are trying to write an encyclopedia here, so please keep your edits factual and neutral. Our readers are looking for serious articles and will not find joke edits amusing. Remember that Wikipedia is a widely-used reference tool, so we have to take what we do here seriously. If you'd like to experiment with editing, use the sandbox to get started. Thank you. cygnis insignis 02:25, 18 September 2009 (UTC)

May 2010
Please stop. If you continue to vandalize pages, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia. Nufy8 (talk) 02:47, 17 May 2010 (UTC)

Featured Picture Candidate
I've re-submitted an image of Percival Lowell for FPC. Please show your support or otherwise. Thank you. Kind regards, nagualdesign (talk) 23:29, 15 March 2013 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:57, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sir Lewk


text: User talk:201.252.14.253

title: User talk:201.252.14.253


text:
User talk:Sheehan

You're welcome to provide feedback and ask questions about anything in general here. You can sign your name with  ~.

Signature?
I saw from the history of your talk page that you tried to put 'You can sign your name with ~ ', but took it out when you found that putting quotes around ~ didn't stop it being automatically converted into a signature. Here's how to do that:   ~ On the same kind of topic, if you wondered how I made  and   appear, it was by enclosing them in (separate) pairs of. I didn't know any of this 10 minutes ago - you got me curious. Fun! :P GhostGirl 07:33, 22 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Ah, thanks. I was kind of busy in the last month to contribute to wikipedia, but now I have the time. Sheehan 06:59, 3 November 2005 (UTC)

 * You're very welcome :) Feel free to ask if you have any questions :) GhostGirl 19:37, 5 November 2005 (UTC)

Bangladesh related articles
I am creating a list of Bangladesh related articles in List of Bangladesh-related topics. Please feel free to expand the related articles listed there. Thanks. --Ragib 09:09, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

BTW, have you registered in the bangla wikipedia (http://bn.wikipedia.org )? I forgot whether I've seen you there ... Thanks. --Ragib 03:54, 5 April 2006 (UTC)

 * No, I didn't register there (yet). I was kind of sad to see the Bangla Wikipedia lacking in articles... we need to make people in our country more aware of this. You were interviewed in a recent Prothom Alo article about Wikipedia, which I hope has made at least some people know about this. Congratulations on being the first wikipedian to be featured in a Bangladeshi newspaper. By the way, it's a good thing you reminded me to work on Bangladesh-related stuff. Sometimes I forget my priorities as a Bangladeshi Wikipedian :) I'll try to work on them soon after I finish making Worlds in Collision a good article. Sheehan (Talk) 05:49, 5 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Right now, we're up to 780+ pages in bn-wiki, though most are stub pages. I'm creating stub pages for all districts of Bangladesh, and up to almost 50 of them now ... of course, the articles are just stubs with the structure only, and would need to be expanded by people knowledgeable about each area. But anyway, the bn-wiki is expanding, and hopefully by Pohela Baishakh, we'd be up to or close to 1000. There would be a meet of local wikipedians, mostly to promote Bangla wikipedia in Ramna Park on Pohela Baishakh. Thanks. --Ragib 07:06, 10 April 2006 (UTC)

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WikiProject Films roll call
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WikiProject Films September 2007 Newsletter
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Orphaned non-free media (Image:Strangers on a train.png)
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WikiProject Films August 2008 Newsletter
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Sylhet
please contribute to peer review of Sylhet for good article. thank. Bangali71 (talk) 15:20, 28 May 2009 (UTC)

You are Invited to Bangla Wikipedia Photography Contest 2014!
 Hello Sheehan, First of all take heartiest greetings from.

In order to celebrate it's 10 year Bengali Wikipedia has arranged a photography contest at Wikimedia Commons. It is scheduled to, start at 1 September 2014 00:00 (UTC) and end at 31 October 2014 00:00 (UTC). We welcome you participate there. Hoping to see you at the contest. Thanks.

Posted by: MediaWiki message delivery (talk) on behalf of 15:11, 8 September 2014 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:52, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sheehan


text:
Armond White

Armond Allen White (born 1953) is an American film and music critic who writes for National Review and Out. He was previously the editor of CityArts (2011–2014), the lead film critic for the alternative weekly New York Press (1997–2011), and the arts editor and critic for The City Sun (1984–1996). Other publications that have carried his work include Film Comment, Variety, The Nation, The New York Times, Slate, Columbia Journalism Review, and First Things.

White is known for his provocative, idiosyncratic, and often contrarian reviews, which have made him a controversial figure in film criticism. As an African-American, gay, conservative film critic, he has been called a "minority three times over in his profession."

Early life
White was born in Detroit, the youngest of seven children. His family was the first African-American family to move to a primarily Jewish neighborhood on the city's northwest side, where he grew up. Raised Baptist, he later became Pentecostal, and identifies as "a believer."

White's interest in journalism and film criticism began as a student at Detroit's Central High School, when he first read the book Kiss Kiss Bang Bang by film critic Pauline Kael, whom he cites for "her willingness to go against the hype", along with Andrew Sarris, for his "sophisticated love of cinema", as major inspirations for his choice of career. White received a Bachelor of Arts in journalism at Wayne State University, followed by a Master of Fine Arts degree in film from Columbia University's School of the Arts in 1997.

Career
White was the arts editor for The City Sun, where he wrote film, music and theater criticism, for the span of its publication from 1984 to 1996. He was hired by New York Press in 1997 and wrote for the paper until it ceased publication in August 2011. He then assumed the editorship of its sister publication CityArts starting in September.

White is a member of the National Society of Film Critics and New York Film Critics Online. He is a three-time chairman of the New York Film Critics Circle (1994, 2009 and 2010), has served as a member of the juries at the Sundance Film Festival, Tribeca Film Festival, and Mill Valley Film Festival, and was a member of several National Endowment for the Arts panels. He has taught classes on film at Columbia University and Long Island University.

In 1992, White was one of nine newspaper and magazine writers to win the ASCAP Deems Taylor Award for music criticism.

In January 2014, White was expelled from the New York Film Critics Circle for allegedly heckling director Steve McQueen at an event for the film 12 Years a Slave. White maintained his innocence, and called his expulsion a "smear campaign." The previous year, White had shouted protests at Michael Moore while Moore was delivering a speech, as White felt Moore had been unfairly maligning the Catholic Church. After White's explusion, film critics Harlan Jacobson and Thelma Adams defended White, with the latter calling the move "Stalinist". White received an Anti-Censorship Award at the 35th annual American Book Awards for being "unfairly removed" from the critics' organization.

Views on film
In 2013, Time Magazine wrote that White's reviews on Rotten Tomatoes agreed with the Tomatometer consensus just under 50% of the time.

White has called Intolerance the greatest film ever made, and has called A.I. Artificial Intelligence the best film of the 21st century. He has listed directors Steven Spielberg, Alain Resnais, Zack Snyder, Clint Eastwood, and S. Craig Zahler among his favorites.

A conservative, White often criticizes films with perceived left-wing messages, such as There Will Be Blood, Parasite, Don't Look Up, and Three Thousand Years of Longing. But he has highly praised the leftist director Jean-Luc Godard, writing that Godard's films "saw past political fashion". White is also critical of films that promote consumerism, arguing that Toy Story 3 does so, while citing Small Soldiers as a superior film featuring toys. He has said that when reviewing, he analyzes a film's political viewpoint, because "Ideology is everywhere...[films are] made by people with feelings and ideas and agendas...To me there’s no such thing as just entertainment." Films that White has praised include Mom and Dad, Richard Jewell, Once Upon a Time in Hollywood, France, and Cry Macho.

White has provided extensive commentary on gay cinema, favorably reviewing I Now Pronounce You Chuck & Larry, God's Own Country, and Summer of 85, while unfavorably reviewing Brokeback Mountain and Bros.

White often analyzes and discusses race in cinema, having unfavorably reviewed Black films such as Precious, 12 Years a Slave, Get Out, Nope, Black Panther: Wakanda Forever, and Devotion. He has praised films such as Night of the Living Dead and Hi, Mom! for their depictions of racism, has cited Cyborg in Zack Snyder's Justice League as a positive example of a black superhero, and Miles Morales in Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse as a poor one.

White is generally critical of superhero movies, unfavorably reviewing The Dark Knight, Wonder Woman, Avengers: Endgame, and The Batman, while calling Marvel Cinematic Universe films "formulaic". He has praised Ghost Rider: Spirit of Vengeance, Watchmen, Man of Steel, Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, and Zack Snyder's Justice League; writing that Snyder "rescued comic-book movies from nihilism and juvenilia, making modern myths worthy of adult spirituality and politics".

White has attacked contemporary film criticism, awards shows, and film journalism. He derided the Sight and Sound Greatest Films of All Time 2022 poll for selecting Jeanne Dielman, 23 quai du Commerce, 1080 Bruxelles as the greatest film of all time, calling it "a dull Marxist-feminist token" chosen for political reasons. He provided his own selections for the poll, which included À bout de souffle, Battleship Potemkin, Intolerance, Jules et Jim, L’Avventura, Lawrence of Arabia, Lola, The Magnificent Ambersons, Nashville, and The Passion of Joan of Arc.

Favorite films
In the 2012 Sight and Sound poll, Armond White listed his ten favorite films:

 * L'Avventura (Italy, 1960)
 * Intolerance (US, 1916)
 * Jules et Jim (France, 1962)
 * Lawrence of Arabia (UK, 1962)
 * Lola (France, 1961)
 * The Magnificent Ambersons (US, 1942)
 * Nashville (US, 1975)
 * Nouvelle Vague (France, 1990)
 * The Passion of Joan of Arc (Denmark, 1927)
 * Sansho the Bailiff (Japan, 1954)

White made some comments about some of these, saying: "Movies don't change but we do. I did not see Sansho the Bailiff until recently and it had the same powerful effect on me as A.I. did ten years ago, so off with Spielberg to give Mizoguchi's masterwork its props. Godard's rarely screened Nouvelle Vague looms in my memory as his grandest work—grander and more important still due to cinephilia's recent decline."

Personal life
White is gay and a Christian. According to the New York Times, he "lives by himself in Chelsea with no pets or plants, amid piles of DVDs. Standing 6-foot-3, he cuts an imposing figure. Yet in conversation, he comes across as exacting, quiet and polite, far different from what his writing—and seeming bad behavior—might suggest."

Public reception
In his 2009 essay "Not in Defense of Armond White", Roger Ebert called White "an intelligent critic and a passionate writer" but also a "smart and knowing [...] troll". White has in turn criticized Ebert, writing, "I do think it is fair to say that Roger Ebert destroyed film criticism. Because of the wide and far reach of television, he became an example of what a film critic does for too many people. And what he did simply was not criticism. It was simply blather."

In 2014, film critic Walter Biggins of RogerEbert.com wrote the essay "In Defense of Armond White", a reference to Ebert's earlier essay. Biggins criticizes White's combative style, but defends him as a critic, calling White "an important, distinctive, and...necessary voice in film criticism". Biggins writes: "He's no troll, and he's one of the few critics capable of noting the inherent—and latent—racism of much of cinema and its discourse... he has provided a rare black voice, and perhaps an even rarer conservative voice, to film/video commentary."

Time Magazine called White an "undeniably talented writer" who "developed a kind of notoriety for his rather contrarian opinions. Some of his colleagues have praised his against-the-grain approach to film criticism, while many others, including a broad swath he's publicly condemned, have been less kind".

White has responded to criticism of his reviews: "If there were a whole bunch of critics who I thought were doing a good job, then I would stop...Because really, the reason why I do what I do is because I think there are things that need to be said about movies, about culture, about the world, that nobody's saying.

Critic Thelma Adams has cited White as an influence on her work.

In popular culture

 * White is briefly mentioned in Charlie Kaufman's 2020 absurdist novel Antkind. The novel's protagonist, a paranoid failed film critic, believes he is being spied on by White through the use of miniature drones disguised as bugs.

title: Armond White


text:
EnergyAustralia (state government enterprise)

EnergyAustralia was a state–owned enterprise of the Government of New South Wales, Australia. It was electricity and gas supplier and retailer which primarily supplied the Sydney, Newcastle and Central Coast areas of New South Wales. after market deregulation, it increased its focus on retail supply opportunities in electricity and gas to the Victorian market and electricity in the deregulated South East Queensland.

History
EnergyAustralia was formed from a merger in 1996 of Orion Energy (formerly Shortland Electricity and Shortland County Council) and Sydney Electricity (formerly Sydney County Council, Mackellar County Council and St George County Council).

On 1 March 2011, EnergyAustralia's retail business was sold to CLP Group. The distribution business was renamed Ausgrid.

Operations
The company had a price-regulated monopoly for the supply of electricity to its supply area. The residential energy market was deregulated in 1997 and full retail contestability introduced in 2002.

EnergyAustralia owned an electricity distribution network in addition to its retail activities. The electricity distribution network covered most of the eastern parts of Sydney, Central Coast and Hunter regions, with the Integral Energy distribution network covering most parts of Western Sydney.

EnergyAustralia owned its own metering services company Testing & Certification Australia, an accredited metering provider, providing contestable metering services to all energy retailers. TCA also includes a high power facility at Lane Cove, a NATA registered instrument calibration facility and was involved in electrical safety compliance testing of appliances until this division was closed in 2010, with the capability being sold to Vipac. The metering services, Lane Cove High Power Testing Station and instrument calibration facility were later rebranded to PLUS ES.

EnergyAustralia also offered customers the choice of renewable green power which produces no green house gas emissions and is accredited by the National GreenPower Accreditation Program.


text:
Talk:New Zealand Security Intelligence Service

Untitled
rediguananz: ''Also, unlike the Canadian Secuity Intelligence Service, NZSIS does not make available telephone numbers to allow frontline NZSIS staff to be contacted. Considering that anti-terrorism is part and parcel of NZSIS's charter, this is considered by some to be a significant security gap.'' This is pretty irrelevant as the New Zealand Police are the lead agency for terrorism. The general public have no reason to contact the SIS, all communications should be directed to the Police.

Fair use rationale for Image:New Zealand Security Intelligence Service seal.jpg
Image:New Zealand Security Intelligence Service seal.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 02:29, 6 September 2007 (UTC)

Mass Surveillance in NZ
There's no mention of mass surveillance in NZ despite the expansion of the powers of the NZSIS back in 2020? 122.252.156.128 (talk) 01:11, 27 January 2024 (UTC)


text:
Warehouse store

A warehouse store or warehouse supermarket is a food and grocery retailer that operates stores geared toward offering deeper discounted prices than a traditional supermarket. These stores offer a no-frills experience and warehouse shelving stocked well with merchandise intended to move at higher volumes. Unlike warehouse clubs, warehouse stores do not require a membership or membership fees. Warehouse stores can also offer a selection of merchandise sold in bulk. Typically, warehouse stores are laid out in a logical format; this leads customers in a certain way around the store to the checkout. For example, as one enters the store they are directed down an aisle of discounted products. From there the layout could then lead to the fresh produce department, followed by the deli and bakery departments at the back of the store. Often, certain customer service niceties, like the bagging of groceries, are not done by store employees; this helps reduce overall cost. Many warehouse stores are operated by traditional grocery chains both as a way to attract lower income, value conscious consumers and to maximize their buying power in order to lower costs at their mainstream stores.

Examples in the United States and Canada
Traditional warehouse store chains include:
 * 1) Cub Foods, affiliated with SuperValu
 * 2) Food 4 Less, affiliated with Kroger (and Nugget Markets in Northern California/Oregon)
 * 3) Food Basics (Canada), affiliated with Metro Inc.
 * 4) Food Basics (United States), affiliated with A&P
 * 5) Food Maxx, affiliated with Save Mart
 * 6) Foods Co., affiliated with Kroger
 * 7) Food Source, affiliated with Raley's Supermarkets
 * 8) Superior Grocers, an independently owned southern California chain
 * 9) Super 1 Foods, based in east Texas, Arkansas and Louisiana; owned by Brookshire Grocery Company
 * 10) Super 1 Foods, based in Idaho, Montana, and Washington, owned by Rosauers Supermarkets
 * 11) Super One Foods, a small chain based in Duluth, Minnesota
 * 12) Super Saver Foods, affiliated with Albertsons
 * 13) Warehouse Economy Outlet (WEO), affiliated with A&P, now defunct
 * 14) Smart & Final (SFS), Owned by Ares Management, recently began trading publicly
 * 15) Warehouse Markets a small Tulsa OK based chain
 * 16) WinCo Foods (includes one Waremart store in Oregon)

Other types of warehouse store chains include:
 * 1) Aldi. Aldi Stores are smaller specialty stores that largely feature only their own in house private labels.
 * 2) Woodman's Markets. Focuses on carrying a much large variety of brands and product offerings than traditional supermarkets at lower prices.

title: Warehouse store


text: User talk:68.196.217.93

title: User talk:68.196.217.93


text:
File:Components album cover.jpg

Summary
The cover artwork for Bobby Hutcherson's Components LP.

title: File:Components album cover.jpg


text:
City of Bankstown

The City of Bankstown was a local government area in the south-west region of Sydney, Australia, centred on the suburb of Bankstown, from 1895 to 2016. The last mayor of the City of Bankstown Council was Clr Khal Asfour, a member of the Labor Party.

A 2015 review of local government boundaries by the NSW Government Independent Pricing and Regulatory Tribunal recommended that the City of Bankstown merge with the City of Canterbury to form a new council with an area of 110 km2 and support a population of approximately 351,000. On 12 May 2016, the NSW Government announced that Bankstown would merge with the City of Canterbury to be known as the City of Canterbury-Bankstown.

Suburbs of the City of Bankstown
Suburbs and localities in the former local government area were:

 * Bankstown
 * Bankstown Aerodrome
 * Bass Hill
 * Birrong
 * Chester Hill
 * Chullora
 * Condell Park
 * East Hills
 * Georges Hall
 * Greenacre

 * Lansdowne
 * Leightonfield
 * Manahan
 * Milperra
 * Mount Lewis
 * One Tree Point
 * Padstow
 * Padstow Heights
 * Panania

 * Picnic Point
 * Potts Hill
 * Punchbowl
 * Regents Park
 * Revesby
 * Revesby Heights
 * Sefton
 * Villawood
 * Yagoona

 * Notes:

Early history and development
The traditional Aboriginal inhabitants of the land now known as the Canterbury-Bankstown were the Dharug (Darag, Daruk, Dharuk) and Eora peoples. Early indigenous groups relied upon the riparian network of the Georges River and Cooks River catchments towards Botany Bay, with extant reminders of this lifestyle dating back 3,000 years including rock and overhang paintings, stone scrapers, middens and axe grinding grooves.

Following the arrival of Europeans in 1788, the new British settlers in the area burned oyster shells from the middens along Cooks River to produce lime for use in building mortar. The first incursions and eventual land grants in the area by Europeans led to increasing tensions, culminating in a confrontation between Europeans and a group of Aboriginal people led by Tedbury, the son of Pemulwuy, in what is now Punchbowl in 1809. However, following Tedbury's death in 1810, resistance to European settlement generally ended.

The District of Bankstown was named by Governor Hunter in 1797 in honour of botanist Sir Joseph Banks. The area remained very rural until residential and suburban development followed the development of the Bankstown Railway Line with the passing of the Marrickville to Burwood Road Railway Act by the NSW Parliament in 1890, extending the rail line from Marrickville Station (later Sydenham Station) to Burwood Road (later Belmore Station) by 1895. With the passing of the Belmore to Chapel Road Railway Act in 1906, the line was extended further to Lakemba, Punchbowl and Bankstown by 1909. The railway formed an important part of the development of Bankstown, with rapid development following its construction – so much so that the commercial centre of Bankstown moved from its former position in Irish Town (Now Yagoona) on Liverpool Road to the vicinity of Bankstown railway station.

Establishment of Bankstown Council
In March 1895 a petition was submitted to the NSW Colonial Government by 109 residents of the Bankstown area, requesting the establishment of the "Municipal District of Bankstown" under the Municipalities Act, 1867. The petition was subsequently accepted and the Municipal District of Bankstown was proclaimed by Lieutenant Governor Sir Frederick Darley on 7 September 1895. The first six-member council, standing in one at-large constituency, was elected on 4 November 1895. With the passing of the Local Government Act 1906, the council area became known as the Municipality of Bankstown.

Administration
On 13 December 1933, the Minister for Local Government Eric Spooner dismissed Bankstown council for the first time, which was also the first time the minister's power to dismiss a council was exercised under the Local Government Act, 1919. Spooner dismissed the council as a result of an inquiry into the council's awarding of a sanitary contract, which had recommended that the council seek further tenders for the contract as a result of an irregular and deficient original tender process, and that there was a clear implication that there had been undue influence involved in the awarding of the contract. After the council refused to accept these findings, and resolved to award the contract as originally intended, Spooner dismissed the council the next day and appointed the inquiry commissioner, William Robert Wylie, Inspector of Local Government Accounts, as administrator until fresh elections could be held in December 1934.

On 3 March 1954, the Minister for Local Government Jack Renshaw dismissed Bankstown council and appointed the Chief Inspector of Local Government, Henry William Dane, as administrator. Renshaw announced that the dismissal was due to the council being "not competent to discharge its responsibilities" after failing to act upon a report by the Department of Local Government that identified serious allegations of corruption and inappropriate acquisition methods for council materials by council's assistant electrical engineer, who was later dismissed in July 1954 following an official inquiry.

On 8 November 1963, Bankstown council was dismissed for the third time by the Minister for Local Government (Pat Hills), with Dane appointed for a second term as administrator, when five aldermen were charged with conspiracy to demand and receive payment in consideration of doing acts pertaining to aldermanic office. It was alleged the aldermen William Thomas Delauney, Charles Henry Little, Georgen Allardice Johnstone, Alfred Frederick McGuren and Murt O'Brien, were involved in a conspiracy to seek £5,000 each for ensuring that a Lend Lease proposal for a shopping centre in Bankstown was approved. On 7 April 1965, Delauney and another accused who was not an alderman, Martin Goode, pled guilty to the charges, while the remaining four went to trial at the District Court of New South Wales (prosecuted by John Slattery QC and presided over by Justice Christopher Monahan). The Crown's case relied upon tape recordings of the accused, which the judge ruled as admissible despite an admission from the Crown that they had been illegally obtained. On 13 April 1965, Justice Monahan acquitted McGuren and O'Brien on the basis that there was insufficient evidence to connect them to the conspiracy. On 15 April 1965, Johnstone was acquitted and Little was found guilty, with Judge Monahan sentencing him, along with Delauney and Goode (who had pled guilty), to 12-months in prison.

City status and later history
Bankstown's city status was proclaimed in 1980 in the presence of Queen Elizabeth II, becoming the "City of Bankstown". On 12 May 2016, the City of Bankstown was merged with the City of Canterbury to form the Canterbury-Bankstown Council.

Council Chambers (1918)
On 29 June 1918 the new Council Chambers building located on South Terrace south of the Bankstown railway station (now No. 9 Bankstown City Plaza) was officially opened by the mayor, A. Townsend. Completed to a cost of £4,000, the new Council Chambers building was designed by prominent architect and mayor of Kogarah, Charles Herbert Halstead, and built by A. G. Swane. At the time of opening the street frontage included a post office, and a branch of the Australian Bank of Commerce. This remained the Council's primary meeting place and offices until new offices in the Civic Centre to the north were completed in 1963.

Civic Centre and Council Chambers (1963)
By the early 1960s, Bankstown Council sought a new headquarters that would be able to accommodate a growing organisation as well as provide a new 'civic centre' for the Council area. In 1961, the council commissioned a modernist design by architect Kevin Curtin, which envisaged a complex of an Administration Building, a Council Chamber roundhouse, and a Town Hall with the capacity for 1,500 people, to be located on a large block north of the Bankstown railway station between Chapel Road, Rickard Road, Appian Way and The Mall. The Council Chambers was the first building completed and took the form of a roundhouse and was built by Monier Builders Pty Ltd, with the interior fittings and furniture designed by Maison Paul Pty Ltd of Greenacre, featuring timberwork in Queensland walnut timber (Endiandra palmerstonii). The consulting engineers for the project were M. G. Bull (structural) and John R. Wallis, Spratt & Associates (electrical and mechanical).

Administration building
The administration building was officially opened on 2 December 1963. It was built to house the majority of council's staff and departments, and was a two-storey square block with an external colonnade and basement level for parking. The rates, health & building, and Town Clerk's departments were located on the ground floor, while the upper floor contained the engineering and planning departments. The building's main lobby featured a mosaic mural by Michael Santry depicting the history of Bankstown, in addition to marble-clad columns, timber panelling, and terrazzo floors. In 1964, the exterior lighting of the Civic Centre received an award for meritorious lighting from the Australian Illuminating Engineering Society. In 1966 a new fountain, the "Dane Fountain", was unveiled outside the building to commemorate the service of H. W. Dane as administrator of the council. On Tuesday 1 July 1997, a fire in the building, caused by a spark from maintenance works to bring the building up to modern standards, resulted in the complete destruction of the Administration Building, along with a large number of council records and historical items. With the Council offices relocated to the nearby Bankstown Civic Tower, the remains of the Administration Building were cleared and its site became the location for a new central park which was officially named Paul Keating Park on 13 June 2000.

Spirit of Botany
In 1963, as part of the works to complete the new Bankstown Civic Centre, the council commissioned sculptor Alan Ingham to create a memorial statue to Sir Joseph Banks. Ingham accepted on the basis that he would create a statue that would be to the 'spirit of botany', a more abstract representation of Banks' work in the field, that would blend with the modernist style of the new Civic Centre: "It would be controversial and create far more interest than a statue of the man". The cast aluminium statue was officially unveiled on 7 April 1964 atop a base of rocks. When the Town Hall was completed in 1973, the statue was moved to the Town Hall forecourt as part of a fountain. In 2012 as part of the Bankstown Library and Knowledge Centre project the statue was moved again to a more prominent location further south at the south-western corner of Paul Keating Park.

Town hall
The final element of the Civic Centre to be completed was the town hall, designed as a theatre for 1,500 people, at the north-western end of the site. It was officially opened on 30 June 1973 by Prime Minister Gough Whitlam. The Town Hall project was overseen by Civil and Civic (a Lendlease subsidiary). In 2013, the Town Hall was upgraded and redeveloped as part of the Bankstown Library and Knowledge Centre project to become a 300-seat theatre named the "Bryan Brown Theatre", with the eastern side demolished and replaced by a new Library and "Knowledge Centre".

Civic Tower
In 1989, Council commissioned a new 14-storey "Civic Tower" office building at 66-72 Rickard Road to accommodate additional council staff, state government agencies, and rented office space. With construction beginning in 1990, the tower was complete by 1991. The Civic Tower became the primary Council offices from 1997 to 1999 following the destruction of the Administration Building.

Demographics
At the 2011 Census, there were 182,352 people in the Bankstown local government area, of these 49.3% were male and 50.7% were female. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people made up 0.8% of the population. The median age of people in the City of Bankstown was 35 years, which is slightly lower than the national median of 37 years. Children aged 0 – 14 years made up 21.7% of the population and people aged 65 years and over made up 13.7% of the population. Of people in the area aged 15 years and over, 52.1% were married and 11.0% were either divorced or separated.

Population growth in the City of Bankstown between the 2001 Census and the 2006 Census was 3.43%; and in the subsequent five years to the 2011 Census, population growth was 6.96%. When compared with total population growth of Australia for the same periods, being 5.78% and 8.32% respectively, population growth in Bankstown local government area was approximately 75% of the national average. The median weekly income for residents within the City of Bankstown was slightly lower than the national average.

At the 2011 Census, the proportion of residents in the Bankstown local government area who stated their ancestry as Lebanese, was in excess of eight times the national average. The proportion of residents who stated an affiliation with Islam was in excess of eleven times the national average. Meanwhile, as at the Census date, the area was linguistically diverse, with Arabic or Vietnamese languages spoken in 30% of households, both languages approximately seven times the national averages.

Final composition and election method
Bankstown City Council was composed of twelve councillors elected proportionally as four separate wards, each electing three councillors. All councillors were elected for a fixed four-year term of office. The mayor was elected by the councillors at the first meeting of the council. The most recent and last election was held on 8 September 2012, and the makeup of the council prior to its abolition was as follows:

Geography
The former Bankstown City region was approximately 76 km2 and had a population density of about 21.46 people per hectare. The boundaries of the former Bankstown City were, clockwise, the Prospect water supply pipeline and Liverpool Road (also known as Hume Highway) along the north, Roberts Road, Juno Parade, Koala Road, Punchbowl Road, Canterbury Road and the Salt Pan Creek along the east, the Georges River in the south and the Georges River, Prospect Creek, the Hume Highway and Woodville Road along the west. Salt Pan Creek is a saltmarsh and mangrove swamp that extends from Canterbury Road to Georges River.

Parks
Bankstown had 293 parks covering 730 ha within its city limits. There are 41 sports grounds, 12 community parks and 18 natural parklands. In the CBD, major parks include Bankstown Oval, McLeod Reserve, Paul Keating Park and Bankstown City Gardens. Other major parks include Mirambeena Regional Park, The Crest, Middleton Park, O'Neill Park, Terry Lamb Complex, Garrison Point, Jensen Oval and the extensive parklands around Georges River, among others. The entrance to Georges River National Park is also located within the city. Paul Keating Park, in the centre of Bankstown, stands on the old site of the Council Administration building, which burned down in an accidental fire in 1997, and was named in 2000 for former prime minister and local MP for Blaxland, Paul Keating. The Park is used for a variety of concerts and festivals, and is otherwise a large playing field.

Libraries
In 1946, Bankstown became the first municipality in Western Sydney to adopt the Library Act, 1939 by opening a Children's Library, located at Restwell Street. A central branch library was established on The Mall in Bankstown in 1954, followed by a mobile library service from 1955. In 1958–1961, three more branch libraries were opened in Chester Hill, Greeacre and Padstow, followed by a branch in Panania in 1968. The original Bankstown City Library was demolished in 1981 to make way for a much larger 2700sqm facility, which officially opened on 28 May 1983.

In 2013, the Bankstown City Library was closed when the new "Bankstown Library and Knowledge Centre" next to the Town Hall was officially opened. Designed by architects Francis-Jones Morehen Thorp (FJMT), the new library has been praised by the NSW Government Architect as a "reference for better design quality across the town centre" and as having "expanded the traditional idea of what a public library is, becoming a welcoming and socially engaging community hub". In 2015 the design received the Australian Institute of Architects Emil Sodersten Award for Interior Architecture, the Australian Institute of Architects (NSW Chapter) John Verge Award for Interior Architecture and Commendation for Public Architecture.

Sister cities
Sister Cities of Bankstown include:
 * 🇦🇺 Broken Hill, a city in remote New South Wales. Bankstown signed its first Sister City Agreement with Broken Hill on 16 September 1986.
 * 🇯🇵 Suita, Osaka, Japan. Bankstown signed its first international Sister City agreement with Suita City, Japan, in March 1989.
 * 🇺🇸 Colorado Springs, Colorado, United States. Colorado students in Bankstown signed a new Sister City Agreement with Colorado Springs, home of the United States Olympic Committee, on 13 July 2001.
 * 🇰🇷 Yangcheon-gu City, Seoul, South Korea. In 1997, Bankstown signed a Friendship Agreement with Yangcheon-gu City in South Korea, resulting in the establishment of youth exchanges and the sharing of information between both local authorities. During a tour in 2001, Bankstown Council delegates met with Korean officials to discuss ways of promoting Bankstown companies with a view to creating new export markets. The Cities exchanged details of Management Planning Processes and inspections of community facilities took place in Yangcheon. A Sister City Agreement was subsequently signed with Yangcheon City in September 2002.
 * 🇨🇳 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China. In February 2000 a friendship agreement was made between Shijiazhuang City and Bankstown. The friendship agreement signifies that the two cities are exploring the possibility of venturing into a sister city agreement.

Crest and logo
In 1963, to coincide with the official opening of the new Bankstown Civic Centre, Bankstown Council adopted a new civic badge to serve as the primary visual symbol of the council. It took the form of a royal blue and gold heraldic shield quartered into four fields by a white cross charged with a golden lion passant guardant from the Coat of Arms of New South Wales. The top left corner included a Southern Cross to represent Australia; A mace and mayoral chain in the top right corner to represent authority; A stork on an oak stump sprouting new branches in the bottom right corner and a fleur-de-lis in the bottom left corner are both taken from the coat of arms of Sir Joseph Banks, as are the blue and gold colours and white cross. A simple crown on top of the shield represents the monarchy of Queen Elizabeth II. The crest formed the primary logo of the council until 1995 when a logo featuring the 'Spirit of Botany' statue was adopted, which remained in use until the council's end in 2016.

title: City of Bankstown


text:
Components (album)

Components is an album by jazz vibraphonist Bobby Hutcherson, released on the Blue Note label in 1966. The first side of the LP features compositions by Hutcherson, in a hard bop style, whilst the second side features Joe Chambers' compositions, more in the avant-garde style.

Composition
Hutcherson describes "Tranquillity" as "so tranquil as to almost suggest no time at all." "Little B's Poem" was written for his son, Barry, three years old at the time. "The melodic line reminds me of how he used to play." "West 22nd Street Theme", which closes side one, is a reference to a Manhattan section near the 10th Ave, Chelsea, where Hutcherson lived for a while. It is a depiction of some guys who used to be on Hutcherson's doorstep, stoned. "It's a blues," says Hutcherson, "but the changes are different than the usual blues chords."

Side two features Chambers originals. "Movement" is "like a six-part theme constantly in motion, held together by a pulse." It was described by Nat Hentoff as a piece where "different listeners can find widely different visions." About "Air", Chambers says: "Once that's set, they all jump into free counterpoint. As in all the pieces, each voice has to remain independent but in relationship to what's going on around him." "Pastoral" signifies a comeback to a kind of primitive setting, "as if to say to the listener 'This is what we come back to – the familiar, the beginning'."

Track listing

 * 1) "Components" (Hutcherson) – 6:25
 * 2) "Tranquillity" (Hutcherson) – 5:03
 * 3) "Little B's Poem" (Hutcherson) – 5:11
 * 4) "West 22nd Street Theme" (Hutcherson) – 4:42
 * 5) "Movement" (Chambers) – 7:31
 * 6) "Juba Dance" (Chambers) – 5:23
 * 7) "Air" (Chambers) – 4:48
 * 8) "Pastoral" (Chambers) – 2:02

Personnel

 * Bobby Hutcherson – vibraphone, marimba
 * James Spaulding – alto saxophone, flute
 * Freddie Hubbard – trumpet
 * Herbie Hancock – piano, organ
 * Ron Carter – double bass
 * Joe Chambers – drums

title: Components (album)


text:
Rubidium nitrate

Rubidium nitrate is an inorganic compound with the formula RbNO3. This alkali metal nitrate salt is white and highly soluble in water.

Properties
Rubidium nitrate is a white crystalline powder that is highly soluble in water and very slightly soluble in acetone. In a flame test, RbNO3 gives a mauve/light purple colour.

Uses
Rubidium compounds have very few applications. Like caesium nitrate, it is used in infrared radiation optics, in pyrotechnic compositions as a pyrotechnic colorant and as an oxidizer, e.g. in decoys and illumination flares although it is rarely used in fireworks to produce a red-violet colour. It is also used as a raw material for preparation of other rubidium compounds and rubidium metal, for manufacture of catalysts and in scintillation counters.

Production
RbNO3 can be prepared either by dissolving rubidium metal, its hydroxide or carbonate in nitric acid.

 * RbOH + HNO3 -> RbNO3 + H2O
 * Rb2CO3 + 2 HNO3 -> 2 RbNO3 + CO2 + H2O
 * 2 Rb + 2 HNO3 -> 2 RbNO3 + H2

title: Rubidium nitrate


text:
Johor Bahru Inner Ring Road

Johor Bahru Inner Ring Road, (JBIRR) or Jalan Lingkaran Dalam, Federal Route 188, is a multi-lane federal ring road highway that circles the Johor Bahru Central District in Johor, Malaysia. The 4.6 km highway was the most expensive road infrastructure project per kilometre of its time in the country.

The Kilometre Zero of the Federal Route 188 starts at Jalan Abu Bakar junctions near Dataran Bandaraya.

History
Johor Bahru Inner Ring Road commenced construction in 1996 with the objective of diverting traffic not destined for the centre of the city to bypass it through the ring road that connects all four arterial highways and major roads leading into the area.

The construction was divided into three phases:

Phase 1
From the Tanjung Puteri Customs Complex/Jalan Sultan Ibrahim to Jalan Tebrau (Tebrau Highway), this 500-metre section links the Malaysia-Singapore commercial vehicles customs complex to Tebrau Highway, one of the two major arterial highways into the city. This 6 to 8 lane section comprised two ground-level traffic-light- controlled intersections with provisions for future tri-level interchange, and a two-level interchange with provision for future tri-level interchange. This phase was opened to traffic in 1998.

Phase 2
This 600 metre elevated section from Jalan Tebrau (Tebrau Highway) to Jalan Abdul Rahman Andak (named after Abdul Rahman Andak) comprises only one interchange, 25 metres high, roughly equivalent to a four-storey building. It links Tebrau Highway to Jalan Tun Abdul Razak (Skudai Highway) near Plaza Best World. The tri-level interchange was the tallest traffic interchange at the time of construction in Malaysia. This phase was opened to traffic in 1999.

Phase 3
This 3.5 kilometre section runs from Jalan Abdul Rahman Andak to Jalan Tun Dato Ismail near the City Square clock tower, or Dataran Bandaraya Johor Bahru. It comprises four ground level traffic-lights controlled intersections with provisions for future dual or tri-level interchanges. This phase was opened to traffic after multiple delays in 2001.

Features
At most sections, the Federal Route 188 was built under the JKR R5 road standard, allowing maximum speed limit of up to 90 km/h.

Traffic interchanges at Jalan Sultan Ibrahim and Jalan Lumba Kuda merges to Southern International Gateway known as Sultan Iskandar Building.

A flyover on Tebrau Highway Interchange was constructed during the middle of 2006 and became operational to the public on 15 December 2007.

title: Johor Bahru Inner Ring Road


text:
Talk:Non-competitive inhibition

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Huff59, Allisonbcookie, Mbunten, NiceGuyLEddie, ChristinaEllis0604, TBOW, Kjean1221, AMars1997.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 05:21, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

organophosphate insecticides are non-competitive at active site, right?
I'm not sure that it is correct to call non competitive inhibition allosteric. Certainly they are similar with regard to the inhibitor (and activator in the case of allosteric enzymes) binding to a site other than the active site. however, allosteric mechanisms will change the Km whereas non competitive do not change the km. They are different classes of inhibition by definition. David D. (Talk) 04:48, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

Confusion
There are some discrepancies in the entries about inhibition, causing great (at least to me) confusion: My book (Lehningers principles of biochemistry) state that a mixed inhibitor has been classically defined a noncompetitive inhibitior. Here there are two diffrent entries. Could anyone clariffy? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Leonidaslundell (talk • contribs)
 * Many text books have it wrong. By definition a noncompetitive inhibitor changes the Vmax, not the Km, and is reversible. Mixed inhibitors typically cause changes to an enzymes Vmax and Km. In fact, there are very few examples of non-competitive inhibitors. As far as i can tell the only reason they are useful with regard to text books is to contrast with competitive inhibitors that change the Km but not the Vmax (exact opposite of non-competitive). Suicide inhibitors are similar to noncompetitive but the fail on the important criteria of being reversible. I suspect what Lehninger is tacitly admiting is that there are no real noncompetitive inhibitors and the closest are mixed inhibitors that have very subtle changes in Km but large changes in Vmax. A better book to read up on this stuff is Biochemical Calculations by Irwin H. Segal. I hope this helps David D. (Talk) 14:58, 15 September 2006 (UTC)

Wrong approach
It is wrong to define inhibition types based on hypothetical mechanisms. The fact is that non-competitive inhibition is any type of inhibition that causes the apparent limiting rate (Vmax) to decrease without affecting Km. Whether this happens through binding to some other site, or by changing conformation, or by altering electrostatic distribituin, etc. is irrelevant. This article is damaging to education by promoting an erroneous concept. (Yes, the mechanism proposed in the article could lead to non-competitive inhibition but it is a special case) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.133.61.88 (talk) 09:02, 26 September 2010 (UTC)

The purpose of this comment is to emphasize the importance of the previous three comments.

Two sentences that appear in the article contradict each other. The first of those two sentences is the first sentence of the article, which states: "NON-COMPETITIVE INHIBITION is a type of enzyme inhibition [1] where the inhibitor reduces the activity of the enzyme, by binding not to the active site on the enzyme, but to a different site." That sentence is followed with "[1]", which appears in superscript. Reference [1], listed at the end of the article, is Berg, Jeremy M.; Tymoczko, John L.; Stryer, Lubert [3] (2007) _Biochemistry_ (6 ed.), New York [4]: WH Freeman & Co., ISBN [5] 0-7167-6766-X [6]. The second of those two sentences appears under the heading "Mechanism" and states: "The most common mechanism of non-competitive inhibition involves reversible binding of the inhibitor to an allosteric site [7], but it is possible for the inhibitor to operate via other means including direct binding to the active site."

That the second sentence is correct is supported by data from the article "Exosites Determine Macromolecular Substrate Recognition by Prothrombinase" by S. Krishnaswamy and A. Betz, which was published in Biochemistry 1997, 36, 12080-12086. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Jwf6 (talk • contribs) 19:47, 22 January 2012 (UTC)

Possibly Adding History of Non-competitive inhibition
Our group was assigned to add a history section to non-competitive inhibition. We are looking at: what enzyme the founders were using when they discovered it, the founders along with a bit on their early life, if it was discovered during a Ph.D thesis, and what experiment they were performing to discover it. We believe that history is appreciation. Knowing how something is discovered, when and for what reason could aid future scientists to possibly use in their research. Allisonbcookie (talk) 23:28, 9 October 2017 (UTC) Kade, Mary, Eduard

Editing Mechanism Section
Our group was assigned the mechanism section of non-competitive inhibition. We intend to add practical examples of non-competitive inhibition, distinguish the difference between non-competitive and competitive inhibition, and a description of the kinetics of non-competitive inhibition in terms of Km and Vmax. AMars1997 (talk) 01:28, 13 October 2017 (UTC), Tyler B, Christina E, and Kelsey H

The last sentence in the mechanism section is incredibly unclear: "Non-competitive inhibition differs from uncompetitive inhibition in that it still allows the substrate to bind to the enzyme-inhibitor complex and form an enzyme-substrate-inhibitor complex, this is not true in uncompetitive inhibition, it prevents the substrate from binding to the enzyme inhibitor through conformational change upon allosteric binding." First of all, the grammar obscures the meaning - would recommend adding a period after "enzyme-substrate-inhibitor complex" and starting a new sentence with "This..." Second, what is the "it" that prevents substrate from binding to the "enzyme inhibitor." Third, why would the substrate bind to the "enzyme inhibitor"? The substrate binds enzyme. I would recommend a sentence similar to the following: "This is not true in uncompetitive inhibition, in which the inhibitors binds to and stabilizes the enzyme-substrate complex, increasing affinity of enzyme for substrate but impeding product formation." [User:Charliebby] 17:10, 15 October 2021 (PDT), Charlie H

title: Talk:Non-competitive inhibition


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Margret's Syndrome

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was COPYVIO, so deal with it there (or rewrite on a subpage, or do whatever after the copyvio process is done). -Splash talk 23:16, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

Margret's Syndrome
Neologism. ~⌈Markaci⌋ 2005-08-30 T 04:48:34 Z

 * Not to mention verging upon patent nonsense. Delete. D. G. 07:19, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * This is copyright violation of a humorous article by Mil Millington (it might also have been published in one of his columns for The Guardian). I haven't tagged it as such because I'm not sure if this is frowned on. Sliggy 10:24, August 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect or delete as copyvio; whatever, I agree that it should be removed. Sliggy 17:24, September 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * Perhaps redirect to Things My Girlfriend and I Have Argued About, then. Or delete entirely; either way, get rid of it. DS 12:30, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Relisting. R  e  dwolf24  (talk) 02:50, 9 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Relisting for real this time; this afd subpage was orphaned. No opinion. —Cryptic (talk) 22:05, 26 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:Legal origins theory

What are the four theories of the origians of a state?

Controversy?
This article needs some factual touch-ups which I'll try to fix in the next couple of days, but I have one question. The final line states that legal origins is controversial among financial economists and scholar of corporate law. I'm not sure that's entirely correct, particularly since it's without a source. That was likely true after the first few years when LLSV published their first article ("Legal Determinants of External Finance") in 1997, but I'm not sure that in 2010 this is accurate anymore. My reading of the literature generally is that the overwhelming majority of financial economists accept the proposition of legal origins whereas scholars of corporate law who are not economists generally have far greater disagreement over the legal origins position. From what I read, in the circles of financial economists the debate is generally how great the effect is and on the issues of legal convergence, and even large consensus on that is emerging in recent years. Is it really true there is still hot debate among financial economists because I just don't see that? Seelum (talk) 18:10, 18 January 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Legal origins theory


text:
Talk:Competitive inhibitor

I'm not sure that it is correct to call non competitive inhibition allosteric. Certainly they are similar with regard to the inhibitor (and activator in the case of allosteric enzymes) binding to a site other than the active site. however, allosteric mechanisms will change the Km whereas non competitive do not change the km. They are different classes of inhibition by definition. So I'm qualifying it. David D. (Talk) 04:48, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

Inhibitors can react too
The text states: "In competitive inhibition, the molecule binds to the same active site as the normal enzyme substrate, but doesn't activate it." But some competitive inhibitors do activate the enzyme. E.g., the essential fatty acids Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid are all mutually competitive inhibitors for cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase. Other definitions on the web, such as here, don't put this restriction on. David.Throop 19:15, 17 February 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Competitive inhibitor