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Hy Eisman

Hyman Eisman (born March 27, 1927) is an American cartoonist.

Early life
Hyman Eisman was born in Paterson, New Jersey, US.

Comic strips
He entered the comic strip field in 1950 and worked on several strips, including Kerry Drake, Little Iodine and Bunny. In comic books he was the last artist doing Little Lulu before it was cancelled in 1984.

From 1986 until 2006 (when the strip went into reruns), he wrote and drew The Katzenjammer Kids. An interview with Eisman on his career appeared in Hogan's Alley #15 (2007).

From 1994 until 2022, he wrote and drew the Sunday strips for Popeye. In December 2008, Eisman re-introduced the character of Bluto to the Popeye Sunday strips, as the twin brother of Brutus.

Personal life
In September, 1976 Eisman, who lives in Glen Rock, New Jersey, became a teacher at the Joe Kubert School of Cartoon and Graphic Art where he taught until May, 2019.

He has two daughters by his first marriage. Nathalie Adrienne "Adri" Abramson, his wife of 42 years, died of cancer in the fall of 1997. On June 27, 2004, he married Florenz Greenberg, whose husband had also died in 1997. She was the managing editor at CavanKerry Press, a nonprofit publisher of literary works in Fort Lee, New Jersey. Their wedding invitation was a comic strip with Popeye and Olive Oyl. Florenz Greenberg died on October 20, 2013, in Glen Rock.

Awards
Eisman won the 1975 National Cartoonists Society's Award for Best Humor Comic Book Cartoonist (for Gold Key's Nancy comic books). In 1983, he received a National Cartoonists Society Award for his work on the Little Lulu comic book.

title: Hy Eisman


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User talk:EazieCheeze

Regarding bad edit
Regarding this edit, chalk it up to personal stupidity. Sorry bout that. Like I said, still learning this stuff. --EazieCheeze 20:47, 10 July 2006 (UTC)

Welcome and what not
Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).
 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Follow the Simplified Ruleset
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

Meelar (talk) 18:41, August 24, 2005 (UTC)

E-Fed Wiki
There's two e-fed wikis now, what does one do? Thanks. Englishrose 17:39, 17 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Which would you trust, one at Wikia or one at www.scaredofpoo.com? --EazieCheeze 19:22, 17 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Point taken. Englishrose 18:46, 18 July 2006 (UTC)

We need your programming skill and your imagination...
We need your help. We are discussing how to redesign the sidebar which is displayed on every page of Wikipedia. We've run into some implementation obstacles, and need programmers to figure out ways to turn the design specifications being discussed into reality. This is a very important project, because it will provide links to top-level reference pages and make them available to all users wherever they happen to be in the encyclopedia. Please join us at Wikipedia talk:Village pump (proposals)/Sidebar redesign. --Nexus Seven 11:31, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

Texas in the South
Hi, I was just wondering what your opinion on Texas being part of the South is. There has been some debate about this; 86% of Texans consider themselves Southerners, and Texas was part of the Confederacy, but many non-Texans group Texas with the Southwest. If we can get the opinions of people from the Deep South about Texas, it would help. Thanks! --Stallions2010 19:44, 2 October 2006 (UTC)
 * It plays to me like a microcosm of the United States as a whole. There is a drastic difference between those in New York and those in Los Angeles.  Similarly, there is a difference between an Alabama Southerner and a Texas Southerner.  Slight variations in dialect and inflection, cuisine, and lifestyle are there.  One could argue that the I-35 corridor could be the boundry between the South and the Southwest, and this is generally where I fall, as there are significant cultural differences between Dallas and El Paso.  --EazieCheeze 19:51, 2 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Thanks for your opinion. So, according to you, the city of Fort Worth, Texas is the western boundary of the South, and from then on Texas is Southwest. This will be an asset to the project. Thanks again. --Stallions2010 20:01, 2 October 2006 (UTC)

E-Wrestling AFD
Hello, I've added four sources to try and help E-wrestling survive AFD, let me know what you think about them. I know one or two of them are not ideal. Englishrose 15:48, 16 March 2007 (UTC)
 * It's better, but still far from perfect. There are some issues with weasel words, in the online services section in particular.  It would also be good to link to one or two of the "numerous top ranking sites of E-feds" if any still exist.  Unfortunately, it's "that time of the year" at work which prevents me from doing any considerable editing here, but I'll certainly help when I can.

 * I'm also not sure how much help RoughKut might be. There is some good information there, it seems, but can it be verified, and is it presented better elsewhere?  --EazieCheeze 01:32, 17 March 2007 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:09, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:33, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:EazieCheeze


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Hans Conon von der Gabelentz

Hans Conon von der Gabelentz (13 October 1807 – 3 September 1874) was a German politician who served as prime minister of the Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg from 1848 to 1849. He was also a gifted linguist and an authority on the Manchu language. He devised a standard romanized transliteration system for Manchu whose creation is often incorrectly credited to his compatriot Paul Georg von Möllendorff.

Life
Born at Altenburg, von der Gabelentz studied finance, law and oriental languages at Leipzig University and the University of Göttingen. He entered the civil service in Saxe-Altenburg in 1830 and was promoted to parliamentary and government councillor in 1831. As the Landmarschall (Country Marshal) in the Grand Duchy of Weimar since 1847, he was present at the preliminary parliament for Frankfurt and then became one of the 17 intermediary agents for the Saxon Duchies.

Later, he was interim parliamentary envoy until the dissolution of the parliament in July 1848. At the end of November, 1848, he was named Prime Minister of the Duchy of Altenburg and resigned in August 1849. In 1850, he went to the parliament in Erfurt as a member of the Staatenhaus. In 1851, the Landschaft of Saxe-Altenburg elected him President. Gabelentz died on 3 September 1874 at his family home at Lemnitz, near Triptis. His son Georg von der Gabelentz also became a famous sinologist.

Work
The fruits of his many years of study are his Elémens [sic] de la grammaire mandchoue (Altenburg 1833). In the Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes (Journal for Oriental Studies, ZMK), which he co-founded. He provided essays about Mongolian and then with Julius Loebe published a new critical edition of Ulfilas' Gothic translation of the Bible, together with grammar, a Greek-Gothic dictionary and a Latin translation (Leipzig 1843, two volumes). He later devoted himself to the Finno-Ugric language family, as Germany was working on rational principles for the German language at that time. He published a Mordvin grammar in Vol. 2 of his Journal, Vergleichung der beiden tscheremissischen Dialekte (Comparison of the Two Mari Dialects) in Vol. 4, and Grundzüge der syrjänischen Grammatik (Essentials of Permic Grammar) soon afterwards (Altenburg 1841). His work covered nearly new linguistic territory for Germany, with his Kurze Grammatik der tscherokesischen Sprache (Short Grammar of the Cherokee Language) in Höfer's Zeitschrift für die Wissenschaft der Sprache (Journal for the Science of Language) (Vol. 3), Beiträge zur Sprachenkunde (Articles on Linguistics), the first three issues of which (Leipzig 1852) contained grammars of the Dayak, Dakota and Kiriri languages, as well as his Grammatik mit Wörterbuch der Kassiasprache (Grammar with Dictionary of the Khasi Language) (Leipzig 1857).

Furthermore, the Abhandlungen (Transactions) of the Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften (Society of Sciences) in Leipzig (1860) contained: Die melanesischen Sprachen nach ihrem grammatischen Bau etc.  (The Melanesian Languages According to their Grammatical Structure, etc.), followed by the second part in 1873, and Über das Passivum (About Passive Voice) (Leipzig 1860). Finally, he published the Manchu translation of the Chinese work: Sse-schu, Schu-king, Schi-king, with a Manchu-German lexicon (Leipzig 1864). The Mitteilungen (Communications) of the Geschichts- und Altertumsforschenden Gesellschaft des Osterlandes (Society for Historical and Archeological Research of the Eastern Lands) contained many valuable articles by him on knowledge of the history of his closer homeland. After his death, Geschichte des großen Liao, aus dem Mandschu übersetzt (History of the Great Liao, Translated from Manchu) (St. Petersburg 1877) appeared. The number of languages which Gabelentz more-or-less thoroughly researched—and which he was the first to have scientifically worked on—numbers over 80. He was a full member of the Academy of Sciences in Leipzig.

Selected literature

 * Hartmut Walravens und Martin Gimm (eds.): Deutsch-mandjurisches Wörterverzeichnis (nach H. C. von der Gabelentz' Mandschu-Deutschem Wörterbuch). Wiesbaden: Steiner, 1978. ISBN 3-515-02641-X in German
 * Klaus Jena: Der Sprachforscher Hans Conon von der Gabelentz (1807 – 1874). Eine Reflexion von Olaf Wegewitz anläßlich der Ausstellung im Lindenau-Museum Altenburg "Der Sprachforscher Hans Conon von der Gabelentz (1807 – 1874)". Altenburg: Lindenau-Museum 1998. ISBN 3-86104-033-6 in German''
 * Martin Gimm: Hans Conon von der Gabelentz und die Übersetzung des chinesischen Romans Jin Ping Mei. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2005. ISBN 3-447-05235-X in German

title: Hans Conon von der Gabelentz


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User talk:Kajerm

health issues..
Hahaha.. No problem! I'm quite sneaky like that with my ninja editing skills. Really, I should be thanking you for helping me improve the Health issues and the effects of cannabis article. If you haven't already, you might want to glance over at the article's talk page as well. Take care! --Howrealisreal 22:19, 23 January 2006 (UTC)

Fly
Hi,

I created the entry for Fly (exercise) and thought you might be interested in looking it over, based on your past contributions. I'm not even sure it makes sense.

WLU 15:10, 11 April 2007 (UTC)

Pooned Biswas?
Biswas p00nd me like a n00b the other day. how do i get back at him?Bakerstmd 06:17, 5 May 2007 (UTC)

Re:Neil Patrick Harris
On July 21, you asked why I changed NPH -> Himself. I didn't know that he wanted to be requested as that. Thanks for informing me. It makes sense that he wanted to be credited as Neil Patrick Harris, instead of Himself, since he doesn't act like that normally. -- theblueflamingo  Squawk 08:54, 31 July 2007 (UTC)

Neil Patrick Harris is gay
Why the hell were you editing a NPH article? Why can't you edit useful stuff like lid lag? - Neilymon 22:22, 13 October 2007 (UTC)

Paleolithic style diet
Hi Kajerm, thanks for offering to help out with the article. I finally purchased the letter to the editor you recommended from Science Direct and also the response to that letter. They both provide a great source of information. I'd like to integrate that info into the criticism section, but I'm concerned about copywrite issues. Can I quote text from those letters, or is that in violation of copywrite? I've seen in done in other wikipedia articles, so I not sure. By the way, what do you think of the article, as it stands, is it neutral and well put together? Thanks very much for your help!Phenylalanine 01:07, 1 December 2007 (UTC)

Hi Kajerm. User:Historian 1000 has included the article Paleolithic style diet in the category low-carb diet. I disagree with this move (See the discussion page). Your opinion on this matter would be of great interest. Thank you. --Phenylalanine (talk) 20:50, 7 December 2007 (UTC)

Beer category decision
A discussion has been opened on changes that have been made to the existing Beer category system. The changes reverse the decision made by the Project in April 2006. The changes were based on agreement by only two people, and by a discussion that took place outside the Beer Project. There may be some merit in the changes, and to prevent future conflict it is important that there is some discussion of the matter. If you're interested, please see Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Beer.  SilkTork  *YES! 15:46, 14 July 2008 (UTC)

MfD nomination of Template:Oh you crazy biswas you
Template:Oh you crazy biswas you, a page you substantially contributed to, has been nominated for deletion. Your opinions on the matter are welcome; please participate in the discussion by adding your comments at Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/Template:Oh you crazy biswas you and please be sure to sign your comments with four tildes ( ~ ). You are free to edit the content of Template:Oh you crazy biswas you during the discussion but should not remove the miscellany for deletion template from the top of the page; such a removal will not end the deletion discussion. Thank you. —Angr 23:16, 8 January 2009 (UTC)

MfD nomination of Template:User biswas med
Template:User biswas med, a page you substantially contributed to, has been nominated for deletion. Your opinions on the matter are welcome; please participate in the discussion by adding your comments at Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/Template:User biswas med and please be sure to sign your comments with four tildes ( ~ ). You are free to edit the content of Template:User biswas med during the discussion but should not remove the miscellany for deletion template from the top of the page; such a removal will not end the deletion discussion. Thank you. — This, that, and the other (talk) 10:46, 9 September 2011 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:09, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:33, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Kajerm


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I Am Peter, Hear Me Roar

"I Am Peter, Hear Me Roar" is the eighth episode of the second season of the American animated series Family Guy, and the 15th episode overall. Written by Chris Sheridan and directed by Monte Young, the episode originally aired on Fox in the United States on March 28, 2000. Candice Bergen and Faith Ford guest starred as Gloria Ironbachs and Sarah Bennett, respectively.

The episode is included in the Freakin' Sweet Collection. The fact that this episode was first broadcast on the same day as the previous episode "The King Is Dead" caused series creator Seth MacFarlane to become concerned the show was soon to be canceled.

Plot
Peter and the neighbors are notified by mail that they will receive free boats if they attend a timeshare sales pitch. However, during a high-pressure sales interview, Peter trades the boat for a mystery box, which turns out to contain tickets for a comedy club. At the club, Peter becomes drunk and attempts to tell jokes on stage. Before his brief performance, during which he mostly abuses the audience, he puts his beer bottle without the lid on in his pocket, which spills down his trousers, making it look like he wet himself. The audience, amused with Peter's mishap, laughs hysterically, making a drunk Peter believe they liked his jokes. This leads Peter to believe he could be a hit as a comic.

Continuing his hubris, Peter tells a sexist joke at his job at the Happy-Go-Lucky Toy Factory that several male co-workers finds hilarious. When female co-worker Sarah Bennett comes and asks to hear the joke, but she is greatly offended and then sues Peter and the factory for sexual harassment, meaning Peter faces a prison sentence and the company will be shut down. Her lawyer, Gloria Ironbachs, offers to drop the charges and commute the prison time to a fine if Peter goes to a sensitivity-training program. But after he commits another violent offense by squeezing Gloria's breast, which proves that the program has no effect, he is sentenced to a women's retreat and 10 years probation, where he continues to make insensitive comments until he endures pain comparable to childbirth: taking his bottom lip and stretching it behind his head.

By the time Peter returns home from the psychiatric hospital, he has been reconditioned to be very effeminate. At first, Lois appreciates Peter's newfound sensitivity, but she is soon tired of him spending more time in front of the mirror, taking pregnancy tests and scolding Lois for slavishly attending to her husband, who unbeknownst to Peter is himself. She appeals to Peter's friends for help, even going to Glenn Quagmire's house to confess that the "new" Peter is not meeting her needs. The other guys try to bring Peter back to normal by bringing him among his "fellow men". Cleveland takes Peter to a convention of Black men (a nod to the Million-Man March) where Peter blames the assemblage for all the crime and problems and chides them that they should be ashamed for ruining society; they mistakenly believe that he is racist and then chase him through the streets.

When Peter and Lois attend a women's gala, Gloria insults Lois by saying that her current lifestyle is the reason for Peter's former disrespect and hatred for women. Lois reminds her that she is a woman and that she chooses to be a mother and housewife. When Gloria insinuates that Lois' children must be "screwed up" by her ideals, Lois furiously attacks her and they both get into a clothes-shredding catfight, which turns Peter on. After Lois pins Gloria to the floor, Peter pulls Lois out and rushes her home to have sex. When they finish, Peter seemingly doesn't notice Lois until she speaks, then asks Lois to make him a sandwich, spanking her butt as she goes to the kitchen. Even so, Lois is glad the old Peter is back.

Reception
The episode was viewed by 7.62 million people in the US.

In his 2008 review, Ahsan Haque of IGN, rating the episode an 8.5/10, stated that the episode is "cleverly written" and features "a couple of the best scenes in the entire series". However, he noted that "the over-the-top satire might not hit the right chords with everyone".

Lawsuit
In July 2013, the Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario dismissed a frivolous and vexatious complaint filed under the name "Gloria Ironbox" ("Ironbox" being the wordplay derived from the character Gloria Ironbachs). The complaint was dismissed largely because the tribunal quickly learned that the name was the same of that of a parody feminist character in this episode. The complaint attacked the "heteronormative" and "phallocentric" nature of A&W's "A&W Burger Family" mascots. The complainant sought $50,000 in damages and an order requiring A&W to adopt product names which better represented the "LGBTQ2S" community. One suggested product was the "Pillow Biter", described by Ironbox as "a large and thick dark wiener stuffed firmly between two, white, clenched buns." The Tribunal found the complaint "outrageous", "frivolous and vexatious" and "an abuse of process."

title: I Am Peter, Hear Me Roar


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Forward scattering alignment

The Forward Scattering Alignment (FSA) is a coordinate system used in coherent electromagnetic scattering.

The coordinate system is defined from the viewpoint of the electromagnetic wave, before and after scattering. The FSA is most commonly used in optics, specifically when working with Jones Calculus because the electromagnetic wave is typically followed through a series of optical components that represent separate scattering events.

FSA gives rise to regular eigenvalue equations. The general alternative coordinate system in electromagnetic scattering is the Back Scattering Alignment (BSA) which is primarily used in radar. Both coordinate systems contain essentially the same information and meaning, and thus a scattering matrix can be transformed from one to the other by use of the matrix,

 * $$ S_{FSA} = \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & -1 \end{bmatrix} S_{BSA}$$

title: Forward scattering alignment


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Jani

Jani may refer to:

 * Jani (given name)
 * Jani (surname)
 * Jani, Iran, a village
 * Jāņi, a Latvian summer solstice festival
 * Jani (film), a 2017 Kannada film
 * Jani (letter), a Georgian letter

title: Jani


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File:Eestimaa Looduse Fond (logo).jpg

Summary
Estonian Fund for Nature logo - www.elfond.ee

title: File:Eestimaa Looduse Fond (logo).jpg


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Talk:Yale (disambiguation)

Redirection change
This page previously redirected to Yale, which was set up as a disambiguation page. I have now made Yale a redirect page for Yale University, as the vast majority of links to it seem to be for the university; it also seems likely that the greatest part of people typing "Yale" in the search box would be wanting to see the article on the university. The contents of Yale have now been copied and pasted to here. (Silverhelm 18:47, 24 August 2005 (UTC))

Yale is a name that could refer to many places or other schools... Yale should thus redirect here (much like Princeton redirects to a disambiguation page), as any other decision would bias Yale University above the other worthy Wikipedia destinations. In the future, users will no longer have a difficult time finding their "Yale" destination of choice.

It's hardly difficult to follow the disambig link atop the "Yale University" article. PRRfan 12:32, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

I agree that it's fairest to just have it link to the disambiguation page. It's hardly difficult to find Yale University in that list. We should not prejudice Wikipedia in favor of the university over articles on locations and other schools solely because Yale has well-off alumni. Wikipedia is a democratic encyclopedia. NYC5

I'm not sure how pointing "Yale" to the university article is "prejudicing" Wikipedia. If most people who search for "Yale", are, in fact, seeking the university article, then we clearly reduce the total amount of work done by pointing "Yale" to the university article (because more than half the searchers are relieved of the burden of clicking from the disambig page, while less than half incur the additional work of clicking to the disambig page, then away from it). This, of course, begs the question of whether more than half are indeed looking for the university page. Anyone know whether that's knowable? PRRfan 06:11, 27 March 2006 (UTC)

We should err on the side of fairness and logic. Princeton also redirects to a disambiguation page, even though it is likely most people searching for Princeton are indeed searching for that internationally-renowned university. NYC5

No one has yet demonstrated that pointing Yale away from the university page serves either fairness or logic. The arguments advanced so far -- that it is somehow difficult to find a disambig page, that Yale's "well-off alumni" have something to do with Wikipedia links -- fall rather short. Let's try this: given an ambiguous search term, under what circumstances would you condone a redirect? PRRfan 08:37, 28 March 2006 (UTC)

Is there a way to see how many hits each of the pages listed on the disambig page actually gets? I am somehow pretty sure that the university page gets the vast majority. If that is the case, there is no reason why a search for Yale should take one to the disambiguation page instead of the university page. If one followed this policy, there would be far too many disambiguation pages coming up as search results. Quite honestly, if somebody types in "Vienna," chances are, he is looking for information about the Austrian capital, not about a town in Virginia. Levan 17:34, 07 April 2006 (UTC)

The Need to Maximize Efficiency and Fairness
Certainly, many people who simply enter "Yale" into Wikipedia are searching for Yale University, but just as many are looking for Princeton University when they type "Princeton". It is trivial for those people looking for Yale University to select the correct option from the Yale disambiguation page, but it is unfair to claim that the countless others who are looking for the other pages containing Yale should have to first wade through information on the university. Yale refers to numerous locations, corporations (including Yale Lock Company), and organizations, and it is unfair for us to claim that all of these should have to deal with the inconvenience of using a directory when searchers are too lazy to type full names into Wikipedia, whereas the lazy seekers of Yale University who type merely "Yale" should have it any easier.

 * Just take a look at what links here for Yale. What you will find it that nearly all of the references are for the University. While you may have some opinion about such readers being too lazy to type in the full name, that is really not relevant. If the most common referrent for Yale is the University, that is where the redirect should go. older ≠ wiser 03:41, 29 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Unfortunately, Bkonrad, you have missed the fundamental tenet of the argument of Allison983 above and taken issue with a side point.

 * As of now, there has been no verification offered that Yale University is the most common referrent of "Yale" for users of Wikipedia. All arguments for linking directly to Yale University are premised on this, but until someone offers specific verifiable evidence we cannot simply make this assumption. Just as in case of "Princeton" there are many other articles that individuals might be seeking when they enter "Yale" into a Wikipedia search box other than the University. Until clear statistical evidence of the unverfied claims is offered, Wikipedia should continue to link to the disambiguation page. NYC5 29 October 2006

 * I offered a method, look at what links here. Count up how many are for the university and how many are for other purposes. It's not perfect, but it will give you a rough idea. Another rough indicator is Google. Out of the first fifty results for "Yale" only five were not directly or indirectly associated with the university. That's about 10%, which is not insignificant. I'm not adamant that Yale has to redirect to the University. But if the university is not the primary topic for "Yale", then standard practice dictates that Yale (disambiguation) should be moved to Yale rather than having Yale redirect to the disambiguation. I suggest putting this on Requested moves and allow for more community input. older ≠ wiser 12:32, 29 October 2006 (UTC)

Broken Link to YALE
The link to the YALE visualization software now redirects to the Yale university page. I would like to know more about the open source visualization software but cannot seem to access that page. Perhaps you should remove the entry on the disambiguation page if it's only going to refer to the University. --63.226.32.16 (talk) 00:37, 29 February 2008 (UTC)

Added TOCleft here
I took the liberty of adding a table of contents here in the talk page (and titled the preamble, which was just free-floating text at the top). You were already at 3 sections. If this rubs anyone the wrong way, feel free to undo.Tgm1024 (talk) 02:04, 14 September 2013 (UTC)

Broken wikilink to "Yale Street, Houston, TX" (?)
I pulled out a broken intrawikilink to a "Yale Street". It seemed incongruous anyway, because all but one of the rest of the entries were towns.Tgm1024 (talk) 02:04, 14 September 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Yale (disambiguation)


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Contemporary R&B

Contemporary R&B (or simply R&B) is a popular music genre that combines rhythm and blues with elements of pop, soul, funk, hip hop, and electronic music.

The genre features a distinctive record production style and a smooth, lush style of vocal arrangement. Electronic influences and the use of hip hop or dance-inspired beats are typical, although the roughness and grit inherent in hip hop may be reduced and smoothed out. Contemporary R&B vocalists often use melisma, and since the mid-1980s, R&B rhythms have been combined with elements of hip hop culture and music, pop culture and pop music.

Precursors
According to Geoffrey Himes speaking in 1989, the progressive soul movement of the early 1970s "expanded the musical and lyrical boundaries of [R&B] in ways that haven't been equaled since". This movement was led by soul singer-songwriter/producers such as Curtis Mayfield, Marvin Gaye, and Stevie Wonder. Norman Whitfield's productions at Motown, the record label of Gaye, were also pioneering for setting the soul vocals and simple hooks of earlier rhythm and blues records against strong backbeats, vocal harmonies, and orchestral sounds, all of which thickened the texture of the music. Gaye's own music on albums such as What's Going On (1971) incorporated jazz influences that led the genre into a looser musical direction.

The nearest precursor to contemporary R&B came at the end of the disco era in the late 1970s, when Michael Jackson and Quincy Jones added more electronic elements to the sound of the time, creating a smoother dancefloor-friendly style. The first result was Off the Wall (1979), which—according to Stephen Thomas Erlewine from AllMusic—"was a visionary album, that found a way to break disco wide open into a new world where the beat was undeniable, but not the primary focus" and "was part of a colorful tapestry of lush ballads and strings, smooth soul and pop, soft rock, and alluring funk".

Richard J. Ripani wrote that Janet Jackson's Control (1986) was "important to the development of R&B for several reasons", as she and her producers, Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis, "crafted a new sound that fuses the rhythmic elements of funk and disco, along with heavy doses of synthesizers, percussion, sound effects, and a rap music sensibility." Ripani wrote that "the success of "Control" led to the incorporation of stylistic traits of rap over the next few years, and Janet Jackson was to continue to be one of the leaders in that development." That same year, Teddy Riley began producing R&B recordings that included hip hop influences. This combination of R&B style and hip hop rhythms was termed "new jack swing" and was applied to artists such as Keith Sweat, Bobby Brown, Johnny Kemp, and Bell Biv DeVoe.

1990s
Using hip hop-inspired backing tracks, a new genre labeled "hip hop soul" was created by Mary J. Blige and producer Sean Combs.

During the mid-1990s, Whitney Houston's The Bodyguard: Original Soundtrack Album eventually sold over 45 million copies worldwide becoming the best-selling soundtrack of all time. Janet Jackson's self-titled fifth studio album Janet (1993), which came after her multimillion-dollar contract with Virgin Records, sold over 14 million copies worldwide. Boyz II Men and Mariah Carey recorded several Billboard Hot 100 No. 1 hits, including "One Sweet Day", a collaboration between both acts, which became the longest-running No. 1 hit in Hot 100 history. Carey also released a remix of her 1995 single "Fantasy", with Ol' Dirty Bastard as a feature, a collaboration format that was unheard of at this point. Carey, Boyz II Men and TLC released albums in 1994 and 1995—Daydream.

In the late 1990s, neo soul, which added 1970s soul influences to the hip hop soul blend, arose, led by artists such as Erykah Badu, Lauryn Hill and Maxwell. Hill and Missy Elliott further blurred the line between R&B and hip hop by recording both styles. Beginning in 1995, the Grammy Awards enacted the Grammy Award for Best R&B Album, with II by Boyz II Men becoming the first recipient. The award was later received by TLC for CrazySexyCool in 1996, Tony Rich for Words in 1997, Erykah Badu for Baduizm in 1998 and Lauryn Hill for The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill in 1999. At the end of 1999, Billboard magazine ranked Mariah Carey and Janet Jackson as the first and second most successful artists of the 1990s.

Simultaneously, in the second half of the 1990s, The Neptunes and Timbaland set influential precedence on contemporary R&B and hip hop music.

2000s
Writing in 2003, music critic Robert Christgau describes modern R&B as being "about texture, mood, feel—vocal and instrumental and rhythmic, articulated as they're smooshed together".

Following periods of fluctuating success, urban music attained commercial dominance during the early 2000s, which featured massive crossover success on the Billboard charts by R&B and hip hop artists.

In 2001, Alicia Keys released "Fallin'" as her debut single, peaking at number one on the Billboard Hot 100, Mainstream Top 40 and Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs charts. It won three Grammy Awards in 2002, including Song of the Year, Best R&B Song, and Best Female R&B Vocal Performance. It was also nominated for Record of the Year. Beyoncé's solo studio debut album Dangerously in Love (2003) has sold over 5million copies in the United States and earned five Grammy Awards.

Usher's Confessions (2004) sold 1.1million copies in its first week and over 8million copies in 2004, since then it has been certified Diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) and, has sold over 10million copies in the US and over 20million copies worldwide. Confessions had four consecutive Billboard Hot 100 number one singles—"Yeah!", "Burn", "Confessions Part II" and "My Boo". It won three Grammy Awards in 2005, including Best Contemporary R&B Album, Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal for "My Boo" and Best Rap/Sung Collaboration for "Yeah!"

In 2004, all 12 songs that topped the Billboard Hot 100 were African-American recording artists and accounted for 80% of the number-one R&B hits that year. Along with Usher's streak of singles, Top 40 radio and both pop and R&B charts were topped by Outkast's "Hey Ya!", Snoop Dogg's "Drop It Like It's Hot", Terror Squad's "Lean Back" and Ciara's "Goodies". Chris Molanphy of "The Village Voice" later remarked that "by the early 2000s, urban music "was" pop music."

Between 2005 and 2009 Raymond, Knowles and Keys released albums—B'Day, Here I Stand, I Am... Sasha Fierce and The Element of Freedom.

Mariah Carey's The Emancipation of Mimi (2005) debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 and earned ten Grammy Award nominations. The second single "We Belong Together" topped the Hot 100 charts for 14 weeks, and was later hailed "song of the decade" and won a Grammy Award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance in 2006.

The mid-2000s came with the emergence of new R&B acts Ashanti, Keyshia Cole and Akon. Ashanti's eponymous debut album topped both US Billboard 200 and Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums charts. It earned her three Grammy nominations winning one for the Best Contemporary R&B Album. R&B newcomer Chris Brown released his self-titled album in 2005 which debuted at number two on the "Billboard" 200. His debut single "Run It!" peaked atop on the Billboard Hot 100, Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and the US Radio Songs.

During this time also came the emergence of R&B songwriters. Bryan-Michael Cox co-wrote Usher's "Burn" and "Confessions Part II" (2005), Mariah Carey's "Shake It Off" and "Don't Forget About Us" (2006), and Chris Brown's "Say Goodbye" (2006). Keri Hilson would co-write songs Mary J. Blige's "Take Me as I Am" (2006), Omarion's "Ice Box" (2006), and Ciara's "Like a Boy" (2006). Rico Love co-wrote Usher's "Throwback" (2005), Keri Hilson's "Energy" (2008), Pleasure P's "Boyfriend #2" (2008). The-Dream wrote Rihanna's "Umbrella" (2007), J. Holiday's "Bed" and Usher's "Moving Mountains" and "Trading Places" (2008). Ne-Yo wrote Mario's "Let Me Love You", Rihanna's "Take a Bow" and "Unfaithful", and Beyoncé's "Irreplaceable" (2006).

According to Billboard, the most commercially successful R&B acts of the decade were Usher, Alicia Keys, Beyoncé, Mariah Carey, Rihanna, Chris Brown, Ne-Yo and Akon.

2010s
Continuing from the 1990s and 2000s, R&B, like many other genres, drew influences from the technical innovations of the time and began to incorporate more electronic and machine-made sounds and instruments, this evolving style called Electro-R&B slowly began dominating the genre. The use of effects such as Auto-Tune and new computerized synths have given R&B a more futuristic feel while still attempting to incorporate many of the genre's common themes such as love and relationships.

According to Christgau in 2017, "almost all R&B goes for voice-plus-sound rather than voice-plus-song, with the sound ranging from precision track-and-hook to idiosyncratic atmospherics."

Early 2010s artists Usher and Chris Brown began embracing new electronic influences while still keeping R&B's original feel. Usher's "OMG" and "DJ Got Us Fallin' in Love", and Chris Brown's "Yeah 3x" are all EDM-oriented.

Singers Miguel, John Legend and Jeremih are popular in mainstream hip hop for many collaborations with rappers such as Wale, Rick Ross and J. Cole. Today's R&B is far more diverse and incorporates more sonic elements than before, as it expands its appeal and commercial viability. Trap music's influence maintained a strong presence on the music charts with R&B singer Beyoncé's songs "Drunk in Love", "Flawless" and "7/11", Bryson Tiller's debut studio album, Trapsoul and Mary J. Blige's "Thick of It".

Latin R&B is gaining ground since the wave of artists began mixing trap with that sound in the middle of this decade. Spanish-language singles by Alex Rose, Rauw Alejandro and Paloma Mami, which borrow shrewdly from R&B, are captivating a global audience. In Latin America, the genre became popular with Alex Rose's "Toda", and Sech's "Otro Trago".

title: Contemporary R&B


text:
Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Cerebellum

Cerebellum
A lot of work was put into this article by Nrets and  me. It was sent to peer review and had an excellent reception. It's clean, it's thorough, and I think it will help fill out the number of biology Featured Articles.
 * Self-nominate and support. Semiconscious ( talk  ·  home) 18:48, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Support, I think (or rather hope) that we managed to merge general overviews with more technical details fairly effectively. We also addressed comments/concerns that came up during the peer review. Most of the illustrations were done by me or User:Semiconscious so they can be edited further if anyone has any comments on those. Nrets 20:03, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

*It's not there yet; needs some cleaning up, and more importantly, careful references to diagrams in the text to help the non-specialist reader to navigate her way through a lexically complicated text.Tony 07:51, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I incorporated the changes you suggested on the talk pages as well as made references to the figures in the text. I know the article is a bit technical, but I think that there is enough there to satisfy a general audience, plus a lot more to provide in-depth information to whomever is looking for it. Nrets 15:38, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Support, though I still think some terms could be better explained in the text or linked. For example, "Lesions of the cerebellum cause not paralysis but feedback deficits, manifesting as disorders in fine movement, equilibrium, posture, and motor learning" is a sentence in the lead section. Feedback deficits could be linked to, or even more fully explained. What is defined as "fine movement" and "equilibrium" in this context? --Oldak Quill 10:29, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I've rewritten to intro to make it more clear and accessible. Semiconscious ( talk  ·  home) 03:45, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Oppose - The intro section needs expansion, and the random and strange bolding of certain terms needs to be removed. The term "figure" should also be removed from the article as the images should be placed next to where they are first introduced. I would also like to see the images right-aligned so that they don't push text.  Páll  (Die pienk olifant) 19:24, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I've addresses several of your concerns, expanding the first introduction a bit by including some brief history. I've removed the seemingly random bolding of phrases. The term "figure" appears at the request of another user on the talk page in response to the placement as a FAC; the user felt by adding those pointers it would assist the reader. Due to the size and number of images, we can't always place the images next to the text where they are the most relevent. However, I have cleaned up the placement of some of the images. Semiconscious ( talk  ·  home) 20:21, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I've continued and made some edits of my own, but I'd also like to see citing of information in the article as well as more external links.  Páll  (Die pienk olifant) 23:52, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I've added many more external links that are pretty cool, I think. So much of the stuff in this article is "general" knowledge, so the three non-numbered references given at the bottom cover just about all this material. However I will continue to go through the article and look for less-than-general pieces of information so I may provide references for them. I've added one more reference already. Semiconscious ( talk  ·  home) 03:57, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Okay, I've added a few more references. I'm still working on it... Semiconscious ( talk  ·  home) 07:01, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Support—the authors have used their considerable research and teaching experience to produce an authoritative and well written summary of the subject. Tony 01:06, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I've addressed your further concerns on the talk pages. Great work; thanks for your help! Semiconscious ( talk  ·  home) 01:49, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Weak oppose - I've been reading through this article more closely now than in the peer review. I think that there is *great* work here, and that you guys have really done your homework. However, I think the writing quality of this article is still too uneven to represent Wikipedia's best. It's close, but not quite there. All you need is some more copyediting and clarification. What I think needs to be looked at:
 * I've rewritten the introduction. I feel my briefcase example gives a very succinct view of what the cerebellum does. Let me know your thoughts. Semiconscious ( talk  ·  home) 04:16, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * General features: Some technical terms thrown around here that are never explained: "perpendicular circuits"? Also, why compare the cerebellum to the optic nerve? I don't see how that analogy makes anything clearer.
 * Well, another user removed my briefcase example. Let me know what you think. Semiconscious ( talk  ·  home) 16:16, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I've tried to be aware of the jargon used all throughout this article but it's difficult for someone so accustomed to the terminology. I've addressed the one particular instance you've mentioned here, so let me know what you think. If you find any more instances, I will try to address those as well. Semiconscious ( talk  ·  home) 04:16, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Re: the optic nerve, it was in there when I began my massive re-edits, and I never thought to remove it? :) It just seems as though vision is such a complicated system, so comparing the cerebellum tracts to that system makes it seem all the more remarkable. I can remove it, but I think it gives the casual reader a sense of the enormous responsibility of this structure. Semiconscious ( talk  ·  home) 04:16, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

Some of the sentences are very awkward. Also "thisis is one of many of the ironies of the “little brain.”" I don't see what the irony is, and I think that statement is somewhat silly for an anatomy article, especially since none of the other "ironies" are pointed out.
 * Tony addressed the awkwardness issues with his awesome editing. The irony issue... I've fixed the wording here, but we discuss many of the other ironies at the end of the article, such as this "motor" structure now proving to be involved in cogntive and language functions, as well as how people who have lost their cerebellum seem to function so well. Semiconscious ( talk  ·  home) 04:16, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks! I can wikify a lot of the links here, but I haven't becasue they would mostly be redundant (i.e., "motor cortex" was already wikified earlier in the article) or self-referential. Suggestions? Semiconscious ( talk  ·  home) 04:16, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

These are just things off the top of my head, not the only things that can be fixed. Try to read these sections out loud and see how they flow, and you'll get what I mean. In my opinion, if this stuff is addressed, this is a featured article. I hope you guys tackle other neuroanatomy projects. Interested in brain stem, basal ganglia, or frontal lobe? Mr.Bip 05:47, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Actually, if you check the talk page, you'll see basal ganglia is my next project! :) Semiconscious ( talk  ·  home) 04:16, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Support - A lot of the jargon has been left untouched, but I understand that this comes with the territory. Maybe I'll take a stab at explaining a few terms over the next few weeks. Still, this is quality science writing, folks. Keep up the good work. Mr.Bip 04:02, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * For my future projects (most immediately basal ganglia), I will try to keep the jargon to a minimum. Nearly all my experience with this is in relation to colleagues, so writing for a general audience often does not cross my mind. Always write to your audience. Thanks for the help and advice. Semiconscious ( talk  ·  home) 05:43, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Support - still a bit heavy on the jargon, but I'm assuming thats unavoidable when dealing with a subject like this. Despite that, however, it's resonable easy to read, and very interesting even to a layman like me. Awesome illustrations. WegianWarrior 03:36, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks. See my comment directly above yours regarding the jargon. I'll work on it in this article, and I'll keep it to a minimum in future writings. Semiconscious ( talk  ·  home) 05:43, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Strong support. This beautiful effort by Semiconscious and Nrets is fully deserving of Featured status. It is well written, explains unfamiliar technical and scientific concepts clearly, has good diagrams (some drawn by the two editors themselves), and is reasonably well-referenced. The section on cerebellar dysfunction can perhaps be expanded — I particularly expected to see some allusion to the seminal work of Gordon Holmes — but still, one would not expect a treatise on the disorders of the cerebellum in what is a general encyclopedia article; I will see if I can round it out in the next few days (as it stands however, it should not be a reason to deny FA status, IMO). The reference section can do with a little cleaning up — inline references in the text are currently of the Harvard form, and link externally, whereas there is a preference on WP for intext notes that link to references, as I understand it. This is not very difficult, Semiconscious, I could show you how to Scratch that, I think I'll just wander over and patch it up for you. Some technical terms are not defined when they first occur (or linked to an article that defines them). For example, ipsilateral occurs at least twice, but I cannot see an explanation of what it means anywhere (link such terms to this article guys). I'm glad to see reference to some of the work being currently done on the cognitive functions of the cerebellum. However, the concluding sentence of the article is misleading. You might see this in the lower mammals, but in the human, getting relieved of one's cerebellum is not an altogether pleasant experience - the pancerebellar syndrome is not fun, and is conspicuously disabling (although chronic lesions often have muted effects). Would you consider removing or editing it? Kind regards— Encephalon |  ζ   04:14:18, 2005-08-30 (UTC)
 * Thanks Encephalon. The cerebellum is not my "specialty" in as much as I can be said to have a specialty, so I'll have to look into some of the works you've mentioned. The sentence in regards to the pancerebellar lesions was indeed misleading... I'd written it but it didn't come across as I had intended to write it. And as I head over there to rewrite it, I see you've just corrected my error. Thanks. In regards to the anatomical location terms, I tried to cover that with a blanket "link here for help with anatomical terms" link at the top of the page. I'll be sure to follow the format you've offered in the future. The references look really good now, too; I like the separation of the general reference books into a "selected readings" section. You've done this wikipedia thing before, I see. :) Semiconscious ( talk  ·  home) 05:43, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Support. Really nice effort. I changed 2 headings in hope of clarity; change them back if you think they are less clear. alteripse 16:38, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I hope you don't mind I edited your post to bold your support response. This is for my own clarity so I can parse users' responses as I check this page, to see if I can make any improvements to the article. Semiconscious ( talk  ·  home) 00:24, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Would it be possible to replace the MRI (which I find blurry and difficult to use) with Image:Human brain NIH.jpg (take the picture, highlight the cerebellum, reupload and put it into the article) →Raul654 01:16, August 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * I took your suggestion and replaced the image. I left the old one as well because: I'm still partial to it, it shows techniques that scientists use to study the cerebellum, and it fills up some white space next to the TOC. Nrets 15:53, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Support--Cyberjunkie | Talk 05:35, 31 August 2005 (UTC)


text:
Talk:List of Indiana state forests

Untitled
Does someone want to expand this?

What I want to know is why Brown County was listed as a state forest. It's a state park.--Bedford 20:32, 17 August 2006 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 18:37, 7 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Indiana-state-forests.png

title: Talk:List of Indiana state forests


text:
Kwik Snax

Kwik Snax is an arcade style maze video game play developed by the Oliver Twins and was published in 1990 by Codemasters for the Amstrad CPC, Spectrum, Commodore 64, MS-DOS, and Amiga. It was the fifth game in the Dizzy series and is considered a sequel to Fast Food.

After the Oliver twins had completed Operation Gunship they wanted to release another puzzle game similar to Fast Food which only required two weeks of development time, but unexpectedly it required much more time.

The Rear cover (Amstrad version) says: "Dizzy to the rescue! Outwit Zaks' court jesters, bumble bees, clockwork mice and more in the Land of Personality. Mega features and fantastic fun in the incredibly playable, action packed, arcade puzzle game!"

Reception
Kwik Snax received a 92/100 from both Your Sinclair and Crash magazines.

The Commodore 64 port, which was different even in gameplay from the ZX Spectrum, did not have such a glamorous reception. Zzap!64 awarded 80/100, mentioning a lack of polish on the graphics and AI of the game.

title: Kwik Snax


text:
Talk:Adirondack chair

Edits
Changed "The first Adirondack chair" to "The precursor to today's Adirondack chair"; the original chair is more commonly, and more correctly called a "Westport chair". It's quite different in construction and look to an Adirondack chair (but it's not hard to see the connection).

Also refined the description of Muskoka: "outdoor recreational region in southern Ontario north of Toronto where city people have summer cottages." It's not just city people who have cottages there, and most of the cottages are winterized now.

I can't find any confirmation of the reference to Canadian Tire distinguishing Adirondack chairs as unpainted and Muskokas as painted (so I cut it). Both finishes are called Adirondacks and Muskokas in their respective homes. Also Canadian Tire (a retailer) is not an authority. Two better authorities, Canadian Home Workshop magazine and Cottage Life magazine have both dealt with the question of naming these chairs and neither makes the painted/unpainted distinction.

There's also a suggestion in a letter to the editor in the March '06 issue of Cottage Life that in Canada, east of Ontario, these chairs (or a similar version) are called Laurentian chairs. Towlar1 —Preceding unsigned comment added by Towlar1 (talk • contribs)

Patents
Has anyone been able to find the patent number for the patent for the original westport chair? I have been searching and cannot find it. Would be good info for this page.

Added Patent number and link to patent on Google Patent search -- —Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.41.182.254 (talk • contribs)

No rear legs?
I thought the defining characteristic of an adirondack chair was that it only had front legs and rested in the back on the seat's frame. This is more significant than the wide armrests, no? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 165.124.70.177 (talk) 19:47, 19 May 2008 (UTC)

you are correct, though one would not describe the back vertical supports that are commonly found on imitations today as legs.

The two features that make the adirondack/muskoka chair unique are; the seat frame extends to become the rear legs, and, the arm rests extend around the rear of the chair back as the only means of structural support.

I believe that the rear upright supports came about when chair kits were sold and customers found the assembly very difficult without some means of holding the chair back in place in order to connect the arm rests.

I suggest that any chair which includes rear vertical supports be aptly named an AdiWrongdack Chair. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 199.7.156.44 (talk) 13:11, 15 July 2012 (UTC)

Rietveld and Levi-Montalcini
As far as I can tell there is no good reason for the red and blue chair and Levi-Montalcini's design to be mentioned in the article. Research I've done indicates that there is no connection. Propose deleting this info as it misleadingly suggests a connection. --Cornellier (talk) 01:02, 9 December 2012 (UTC)

 * I won't miss them. —JerryFriedman (Talk) 19:45, 10 December 2012 (UTC)
 * Done. --Cornellier (talk) 21:03, 10 December 2012 (UTC)

patent link tot the today's version of the adirondack/muskoka chair
There has always been a missing link to the Westport chair and the version (contoured seat, rounded back)as we know it today. I believe this is the missing link: http://www.google.com/patents/USD109239?printsec=drawing&hl=nl#v=onepage&q&f=false

a old patent from Irvin Wolpin dated april 12, 1938 !

added the link to the article — Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.198.251.118 (talk) 09:19, 16 June 2013 (UTC)

Hello, I would like to contribute to this page by adding a company link that builds the adirondack chairs by hand and they have press releases done by themselves.

What can i do to add it?

Josharivera (talk) 15:15, 15 March 2017 (UTC)
 * Nothing. there is no reason to publicise one manufacturer over another. IdreamofJeanie (talk) 15:17, 15 March 2017 (UTC)

Article Reads Like A Story
The way this article is currently written reads like a pamphlet from a museum rather than an encyclopedic entry. Look at paragraph 2 for an example:
 * The precursor to today's Adirondack chair was designed by Thomas Lee in 1903. He was on vacation in Westport, New York, in the Adirondack Mountains, and needed outdoor chairs for his summer home. He tested the first designs on his family. After arriving at a final design for the "Westport plank chair," Lee offered it to Harry Bunnell, a carpenter friend in Westport, who was in need of a winter income.

~Jonathan (talk) \\//_ Live long and prosper. 15:31, 27 July 2013 (UTC)

 * What—all that interesting info has been deleted? Why? I was about to ask if any historical details were known about these distinctive chairs. Why was it removed? You feel it was too anecdotal? I'm baffled. Okay, I'll hang up now and take my answer off the air. – AndyFielding (talk) 17:13, 24 August 2021 (UTC)

Need Citations For Verification
This article cites few sources. Many lines of the text contain some claim that is not backed up. ~Jonathan (talk) \\//_ Live long and prosper. 16:02, 27 July 2013 (UTC)
 * Pruned it back, again. This is one of those articles that attracts large quantities of unreferenced fluff and anecdote, which must culled from time to time. --Cornellier (talk) 00:20, 14 May 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Adirondack chair


text:
Talk:Yale

Changes made
For explanation of changes made on August 24, 2005, see Talk:Yale (disambiguation). (Silverhelm 18:49, 24 August 2005 (UTC))

Please see Talk:Yale (disambiguation).

title: Talk:Yale


text:
Janis

Janis may refer to:

Film and music

 * Janis (film), a 1974 film about Janis Joplin
 * Janis (1975 album), a compilation and the soundtrack album for the film
 * Janis (1993 album), a Joplin career overview collection
 * "Janis", a track recorded by Focus on their 1971 album Focus II

Fictional characters

 * Janis Gold, in the TV series 24
 * Janis Day, in the comic strip Arlo and Janis
 * Janis Hawk, in the TV series FlashForward
 * Janis Ian, in the film Mean Girls
 * Janis (ジャニス, "Janisu"), in Inuyasha: Secret of the Divine Jewel

People

 * Janis (given name)
 * Jānis, a Latvian masculine given name
 * Byron Janis (born 1928), American concert pianist (no relation to Conrad Janis)
 * Conrad Janis (1928–2022), American actor and jazz musician (no relation to Byron Janis)
 * Dorothy Janis (1912 –2010), American silent film actress
 * Elsie Janis (1889–1956), American musical theatre and vaudeville performer
 * Irving Janis, a social psychologist who pioneered the groupthink theory
 * Jaroslav Janiš, Czech auto racing driver
 * Linzie Janis, an American television journalist
 * Sidney Janis, (1896–1989), American art dealer, collector, and writer
 * Vivi Janiss (1911–1988), American actress

Other uses

 * Janus (disambiguation)
 * Jani (disambiguation)
 * Janice (disambiguation)
 * United States v. Janis, a 1976 U.S. Supreme Court case
 * Janice (disambiguation)
 * United States v. Janis, a 1976 U.S. Supreme Court case

title: Janis


text:
User talk:Gmiffy

Welcome
Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Friday (talk) 18:49, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Gmiffy