text:
Commodity form theory

Commodity form theory is a theory of jurisprudence advanced by the Soviet legal theorist Evgeny Pashukanis. The theory argues that the legal form is the parallel of the commodity form under capitalist society.

All law is concerned with the process of the exchanging of commodities between subjects who act as the "guardians" of commodities and are created by law in order to enable the commodity production form of society to function. The theory can be explained as based on two premises, logical and historical.

The logical premise
"Every legal relation" proclaims Pashukanis, "is a relation between subjects". Pashukanis' conceptual account of law begins with the idea of a responsible agent - what he calls "the legal subject".

Property, says Pashukanis, is the basis of the legal form, but only capitalist property that can be disposed of in the market. The subject in law is the expression of the freedom of property, that is, the freedom to alienate property.

Thus the key to understanding law is the contradiction between commodities and subjects.

Commodities according to Karl Marx relate to each other as values, that is exchange takes place on the basis of equivalent amounts of labour-time embodied in commodities passing between buyers and sellers, indicating that there are social relations among things and material relations among people.

Contract is both logically the central legal premise on which all other aspects of law are based, and also the highest form of expression of the commodity owning subject. This is because it is the relations of contract that are crucial for commodity production society since the contract is the necessary legal expression of commodity owners' ability to use their commodities in the market. For Pashukanis, all other forms of legal relations in capitalism flow from this.

The historical premise
The commodity form of exchange historically precedes the legal system which emerges from it. But it is not merely that the commodity form produces the legal form; it is that the commodity form exists prior to the legal form and that only with the full development of the commodity form is there the possibility of a fully developed abstract legal form at all.

Fetishism
Commodity form theory is related to Marx's theory of commodity fetishism. Marx argued that the commodity was a fetishized form because the formal equality that the commodity form postulated was only an apparent equality. The legal form is blind to substantive human differences, just as the commodity form is blind to substantive differences in use value. Ultimately, the legal form, just as the commodity form, exists independently of the will of the individual. The illusion is produced that the law – as the universal political equivalent – has a life of its own.

title: Commodity form theory


text:
Decree of Canopus

The Decree of Canopus is a trilingual inscription in three scripts, which dates from the Ptolemaic period of ancient Egypt. It was written in three writing systems: Egyptian hieroglyphs, demotic, and Koine Greek, on several ancient Egyptian memorial stones, or steles. The inscription is a record of a great assembly of priests held at Canopus, Egypt, on 7 Appellaios (Mac.) = 17 Tybi (Eg.) year 9 of Ptolemy III = Thursday 7 March 238 BC (proleptic Julian calendar). Their decree honoured Pharaoh Ptolemy III Euergetes; Queen Berenice, his wife; and Princess Berenice.

Ancient Copies of the Decree
In 1866, Karl Richard Lepsius discovered at Tanis the first copy of this Decree (this copy was originally known as the 'Şân Stele'). Another copy was found in 1881 by Gaston Maspero at Kom el-Hisn in the western Nile Delta. Later on, some other fragmentary copies were found.

In March 2004, while excavating at Bubastis, the German-Egyptian 'Tell Basta Project' archaeologists discovered yet another well preserved copy of the Decree.

Importance for the decipherment of hieroglyphs
This is the second earliest of the series of trilingual inscriptions of the "Rosetta Stone Series", also known as Ptolemaic Decrees. Having a greater number of different hieroglyphs than the Rosetta Stone, the Canopus Stone has proved crucial in deciphering them. There are four such decrees:

 * 1) The Decree of Alexandria from 243 BC;
 * 2) The Decree of Canopus of Ptolemy III in 238 BC;
 * 3) The Decree of Memphis, for Ptolemy IV in 218 BC;
 * 4) The Memphis Decree (whose best-known copy is the Rosetta Stone), inscribed for Ptolemy V in 196 BC.

Contents of the inscription
The inscription touches on subjects such as military campaigns, famine relief, Egyptian religion and governmental organization in Ptolemaic Egypt. It mentions the king's donations to the temples, his support for the Apis and Mnevis cults, which enjoyed huge success in the Macedonian – Egyptian world, and the return of divine statues which had been carried off by Cambyses. It extols the king's success in quelling insurgencies of native Egyptians, operations referred to as 'keeping the peace.' It reminds the reader that during a year of low inundation, the government had remitted taxes and imported grain from abroad. It inaugurates a solar calendar with 365¼ days per year (the most accurate in the ancient world). It declares the deceased princess Berenike a goddess and creates a cult for her, with women, men, ceremonies, and special 'bread-cakes'. Lastly it orders the decree to be incised in stone or bronze in both hieroglyphs and Greek, and to be publicly displayed in the temples.

The Decree of Canopus attested the existence of the ancient city of Heracleion, which is now submerged, and has only recently been excavated. The Decree informs, in its Greek version, that a synod of priests was held in the city of Heracleion during the reign of King Ptolemy I.

Calendar reform
The civil Egyptian calendar had 365 days: twelve months of thirty days each and an additional five epagomenal days. According to the reform, the five-day "Opening of the Year" ceremonies would include an additional sixth day every fourth year. The reason given was that the rise of Sothis advances to another day in every 4 years, so that attaching the beginning of the year to the heliacal rising of the star Sirius would keep the calendar synchronized with the seasons.

This Ptolemaic calendar reform failed, but was finally officially implemented in Egypt by Augustus in 26 or 25 BC, now called the Alexandrian calendar, with a sixth epagomenal day occurring for the first time on 29 August 22 BC. Julius Caesar had earlier implemented a $365 1/4$ day year in Rome in 45 BC as part of the Julian calendar.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Decree of Canopus


text:
Flatbread

A flatbread is bread made usually with flour; water, milk, yogurt, or other liquid; and salt, and then thoroughly rolled into flattened dough. Many flatbreads are unleavened, although some are leavened, such as pita bread.

Flatbreads range from below one millimeter to a few centimeters thick so that they can be easily eaten without being sliced. They can be baked in an oven, fried in hot oil, grilled over hot coals, cooked on a hot pan, tava, comal, or metal griddle, and eaten fresh or packaged and frozen for later use.

History
Flatbreads were amongst the earliest processed foods, and evidence of their production has been found at ancient sites in Mesopotamia, ancient Egypt, and the Indus civilization.

In 2018, charred bread crumbs were found at a Natufian site called Shubayqa 1 in Jordan (in Harrat ash Shaam, the Black Desert) dating to 12,400 BC, some 4,000 years before the start of agriculture in the region. Analysis showed that they were probably from flatbread containing wild barley, einkorn wheat, oats, and Bolboschoenus glaucus tubers (a kind of rush).

Primitive clay ovens (tandir) used to bake unleavened flatbread were common in Anatolia during the Seljuk and Ottoman eras, and have been found at archaeological sites distributed across the Middle East. The word tandır comes from the Akkadian tinuru, which becomes tannur in Hebrew and Arabic, tandır in Turkish, and tandur in Urdu/Hindi. Of the hundreds of bread varieties known from cuneiform sources, unleavened tinuru bread was made by adhering bread to the side walls of a heated cylindrical oven. This type of bread is still central to rural food culture in this part of the world, reflected by the local folklore, where a young man and woman sharing fresh tandır bread is a symbol of young love, however, the culture of traditional bread baking is changing with younger generations, especially with those who reside in towns showing preference for modern conveniences.

Europe

 * Bannock (Scotland): a quick bread baked from grain
 * Bazlama (Turkey): made from wheat flour, water, and salt
 * Bolo do caco (Madeira, Portugal)
 * Borlengo (Italy)
 * Farl (Ireland and Scotland)
 * Flammkuchen/Tarte flambée (Alsace): thin bread dough rolled out in a circle or a rectangle and covered with onions and lardons
 * Flatbrød (Norway): barley flour, salt and water, or potato, flour and salt, or peas flour and salt.
 * Flatkaka (Iceland): rye flatbread
 * Focaccia (Italy)
 * Ftira (Malta)
 * Gözleme (Turkey): folded over a savoury filling and fried on a griddle
 * Hoggan (Cornwall): made from barley flour containing pieces of pork, and potato
 * Hönökaka (Bohuslän): made from wheatmeal. The name is the commercial variant of the traditional name "bagebröd", meaning "baked bread".
 * Lagana (Greece)
 * Lángos (Hungary)
 * Lefse (Norway)
 * Oatcake (United Kingdom)
 * Pane carasau (Sardinia, Italy)
 * Parlenka (Bulgaria)
 * Pita (Turkey)
 * Pogača (Balkans and Turkey)
 * Pastetx (Gascony, France)
 * Piadina (Italy): white flour, lard (or olive oil), salt and water
 * Pinsa (Rome): wheat and other flours, such as barley, rice, oats, and millet
 * Pita (Greece)
 * Pită/Lipie/Turtă (Romania)
 * Pichade (Menton, France)
 * Pissaladière (France)
 * Podpłomyk (Poland)
 * Posúch (Slovakia)
 * Rieska (Finland)
 * Saj bread (Turkey)
 * Somun and Lepina (Bosnia and Herzegovina)
 * Spianata sarda (Sardinia, Italy)
 * Staffordshire oatcake (England)
 * Shotis Puri (Georgia)
 * Tonis puri (Georgia)
 * Tigella (Italy)
 * Talo (France)
 * Torta (Spain)
 * Torta al testo (Umbria, Italy)
 * Torta de Gazpacho (Spain)
 * Tunnbröd (Sweden): any combination of wheat, barley and rye
 * Yufka (Turkey): wheat flour, water and salt

Middle East and Africa

 * Aghroum (Algeria): Berber flatbread made with semolina
 * Barbari (Iran)
 * Bataw (Egypt)
 * Chapati (Swahili coast, Uganda)
 * Eish merahrah (Egypt): made with 5–10% ground fenugreek seeds and maize
 * Gurassa (bread) (Sudan)
 * Harcha (Morocco): fried buttery bread made of semolina
 * Injera (Horn of Africa): teff flour
 * Khebz (Levant)
 * Khubz (Arabian Peninsula)
 * Khubz Asmr (Saudi Arabia) (Arabian Peninsula): made of wholemeal flour, yeast, and salt
 * Khubz al-Jamri (Arabia, Northern Yemen): ash cake made by burying dough in hot ashes and embers
 * Kisra, (Sudan)
 * Lahoh (Somalia, Djibouti, Yemen)
 * Lavash (Armenia and Iran)
 * Zhingyalov Hats (Armenia): flatbread filled with herbs and spices
 * Lebanese Bread (Lebanon): white flour, dried yeast, sugar, salt and water
 * Malooga (Yemen): water, yeast, salt and flour
 * Markook (Levant)
 * Matnakash (Armenia)
 * Matzo (Jewish): white plain flour and water
 * M'lawi (Tunisia): water, olive oil, semolina and flour
 * Moroccan Frena
 * Mulawah (Yemen)
 * Murr (Israel)
 * Muufo (Somalia)
 * Ngome (Mali): millet, water and vegetable oil
 * Pita (Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East)
 * Sabaayad (Somalia and Djibouti)
 * Saj bread (Lebanon, Israel)
 * Sangak (Iran)
 * Taboon bread, (Lebanon)
 * Taftan (Iran)

Central Asia

 * Afghan bread or "Nan" (Afghanistan)
 * Bolani (Afghanistan): a vegetarian flat-bread dish
 * Obi Non (Afghanistan and Uzbekistan)
 * Shelpek (Kazakhstan)
 * Tandoor-nan (Central Asia)
 * Tandyr nan (Central Asia)
 * Tapansha, Taba nan (Kazakhstan)

East Asia

 * Bindaeddeok (Korea): pancake made from mung bean flour
 * Bing (China)
 * Green onion pancake (China): made with oil and minced scallions (green onions)
 * Laobing (China)
 * Sanchuisanda (China)
 * Shaobing (China)

 * Guokui (China): stuffed flatbread made from wheat
 * Hotteok (Korea):

South Asia

 * Aloo paratha (India and Pakistan)
 * Akki rotti (India)
 * Appam (India): pancake made from fermented rice batter and coconut milk
 * Bakarkhani (Bangladesh)
 * Bhakri (India): made with water and millet flour
 * Bhatura (Indian subcontinent): made with white flour, yogurt, ghee (or oil), and yeast
 * Chapati (Indian subcontinent): made from atta flour (whole grain durum wheat), water
 * Chili parotha (India)
 * Chikkolee (India)
 * Dhebra (India)
 * Dosa (India): batter made from rice and black gram fried on a griddle
 * Gobi paratha (India and Pakistan)
 * Jolada rotti (India)
 * Kalai roti (Bangladesh)
 * Kaak (Pakistan)
 * Kachori (Indian subcontinent)
 * Kothu parotta (India)
 * Kulcha (Indian subcontinent)
 * Luchi (India and Bangladesh): fine maida flour with water and a spoonful of ghee
 * Makki di roti (India and Pakistan)
 * Mughlai paratha (India and Bangladesh)
 * Naan (Indian subcontinent and Central Asia): leavened with yeast, unlike Roti bread
 * Paratha (Indian subcontinent)
 * Parotta (India and Sri Lanka)
 * Pathiri (India): is a traditional roti that originated from Malabar cuisine.
 * Pesarattu (India): pancake made from green gram (Mung) batter
 * Phulka (Indian subcontinent): made from whole wheat flour, water and salt. It is like a baked variety of Puri.
 * Poli (India): made from whole wheat flour, water and salt. It is folded and layered round flat bread.
 * Pol roti (Sri Lanka): made from scraped coconut and wheat or kurakkan flour, with green chillis and onion
 * Puri (Indian subcontinent): prepared from dough of atta and salt
 * Ragi rotti (India and Sri Lanka)
 * Roast paan (Sri Lanka): bread mixture baked in a flat mold, producing, literally, a 'flat' bread.
 * Roti (Indian subcontinent)
 * Rumali roti (Indian subcontinent)
 * Sheermal (Indian subcontinent and Iran)
 * Taftan (Indian subcontinent and Iran)

Southeast Asia

 * Aparon (Philippines)
 * Bánh (Vietnam)
 * Kabkab (Philippines)
 * Khanom buang (Thailand): rice flour
 * Kiping (Philippines)
 * Piaya (Philippines)
 * Roti prata (Singapore)
 * Roti canai (Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand)
 * Roti tissue (Indonesia and Malaysia)

Americas

 * Arepa (Colombia, Venezuela): flat, unleavened bread made of cornmeal
 * Bammy (Jamaica): made from grated cassava root or cassava flour and salt
 * Bannock (food): a variety of flat quick bread or any large, round article baked or cooked from grain
 * Beiju (Brazil): made from tapioca
 * Casabe (South America, Caribbean): made from bitter cassava root
 * Frybread (United States)
 * Johnnycake (North America and Caribbean)
 * Native American Flatbread (North America): made from maize flour in a traditional style of early Native Americans; now topped with ground beef, vegetables, beans and cheese
 * Pan de semita (Mexico)
 * Piki (Hopi): made very thin from blue corn and baked on a hot flat stone
 * Ploye (Canada): thin crepe made from buckwheat flour, traditional to the Brayons of northeast New Brunswick.
 * Pupusa (El Salvador)
 * Tortilla (Mexico, Central and South America): either as corn tortilla or flour tortilla
 * Tortilla de Rescoldo (Chile): wheat flour based bread, traditionally baked in the coals of a campfire

Australia

 * Damper (traditionally)

title: Flatbread


text:
Photoplay music

Photoplay music is incidental music, soundtrack music, and themes written specifically for the accompaniment of silent films.

Early years

Early films (c. 1890-1910) merely relied on classical and popular repertory, mixed usually with improvisation by whatever accompanist was playing (usually a pianist).

Around 1910, folios of photoplay music began being published by companies such as Sam Fox Music and Academic Music. These were only a minute or so long and could not sustain an entire feature, but were used to fill in scenes where music was not popularly written (such as "misteriosos" for scenes of mystery, etc.). One example of such a piece is Mysterioso Pizzicato, which appeared in a 1914 photoplay music collection compiled by J. Bodewalt Lampe and whose main motif has endured as a cliche for stealth and villainy in a wide selection of music and films thereafter. A version of this theme is contrasted with a hero's theme. Composers noted for their photoplay music include John Stepan Zamecnik and Gaston Borch.

Types of scores
When it comes to producing a film score for a silent film, there were three types: improvised, compiled, and original.

Improvisational
Improvised scores were solely played on organ or piano. The musical conductor played whatever he felt necessary to set the mood for the scene.

Compiled
According to Richard Koszarski's book "An Evening's Entertainment", a survey was sent out in the mid-1920s to 10,000 out of about 15,000 theaters in America. Of those that responded to the survey, approximately 50% used theater organs, 25% used piano only, and 25% used orchestras (two or more players).

For those using orchestras, improvisation was difficult and a compiled score was preferred. The studio would hire a company to produce a cue sheet; generally three to four pages of listings of photoplay music, classical or popular standards from their library. This concept of a "compilation score" was invented around 1910. The Edison Film Company was among the first to use this method of scoring film.

The cue sheet would list the title and author of a song, when to play it, roughly how long to play it for, and the publisher of the piece. Quite often, further notes were given of sound effects, tempo, and so on, so that every important factor of the film could be supervised. The musical director of a theater then went through the theater's music collection (generally listed by tempo) and picked out the appropriate cue. If he did not have that particular cue, he could replace it with another suitable piece, or order it through the company that created the cue sheet. A typical theater's music library could consist of a couple thousand to tens of thousands of pieces, depending on the budget of the theater.

In 1923, the Cameo Thematic Music Co. was established by M.J. Mintz, and by the end of the decade, was responsible for about 90% of cue sheets. Ernst Luz and James C. Bradford were the most prolific compilers for Cameo. Other music companies, such as Belwin Inc., also printed cue sheets. Belwin's cue sheets were generally compiled by Max Winkler.

Some conductors compiled their own scores rather than use cue sheets; some followed the cue sheet, but used their own choices of music; many followed the cue sheet with what little time they had to produce an opera's worth of music. Much of the time, musicians came in and sight-read their parts, with little to no time to rehearse.

Original
Original scores were the minority. Scores published were generally the premiere score that was played in the New York theaters. These were often compiled scores with some original material, such as Joseph Carl Breil's score for The Birth of a Nation, the William Axt/David Mendoza scores for the 1925 film Ben Hur or the 1926 film The Big Parade. Even fewer were all-original scores, the most notable being Gottfried Huppertz's scores for Fritz Lang's Nibelungen films and Metropolis, and composer Mortimer Wilson's for Douglas Fairbanks's The Thief of Baghdad. With the little time available between the completion of the picture and when it was to be released, all-original scores were uneconomical and had themes that were generally written in advance.

Later years
The last days of photoplay music were of the era of 1927-1930, when sound films became popular. Silent films already made were generally released with orchestral soundtracks compiled of photoplay music and sound effects. Some photoplay music was used as incidental music in early sound films as well. Most theaters, however, threw out entire libraries of music. Publishers junked overstock or used it as scrap paper.

In recent years, photoplay music has been revitalized through home videos and live performances of silent films. Many videos of silent films have premiere or cue sheet scores recorded for posterity.

title: Photoplay music


text: Category:Gladys Knight & the Pips songs

title: Category:Gladys Knight & the Pips songs


text:
User:SimonP/temp

 * Indy: Malcolm Fox
 * Album: The Best of Spineshank
 * Airport: Yelabuga North Airport
 * Hungary: Érsekcsanád

Uncited articles
Subtotals November 2006	3,170 December 2006	3,637 January 2007	3,237 February 2007	2,984 March 2007	2,859 April 2007	940 May 2007	959 June 2007	1,010 July 2007	864 August 2007	1,200 September 2007	1,102 October 2007	1,230 November 2007	1,581 December 2007	1,898 January 2008	1,799 February 2008	1,673 March 2008	2,213 April 2008	1,914 May 2008	1,656 June 2008	2,009 July 2008	1,683 August 2008	1,835 September 2008	1,495 October 2008	2,144 November 2008	1,672 December 2008	2,049 January 2009	2,816 February 2009	1,880 March 2009	2,738 April 2009	1,853 May 2009	2,142 June 2009	1,900 July 2009	2,336 August 2009	2,718 September 2009	2,259 October 2009	1,671 November 2009	2,062 December 2009	60,667 January 2010	1,736 February 2010	2,244 March 2010	2,278 April 2010	2,061 May 2010	1,556 June 2010	1,471 July 2010	1,579 August 2010	1,711 September 2010	1,838 October 2010	1,722 November 2010	1,906 December 2010	1,970 January 2011	2,013 February 2011	1,711 March 2011	1,746 April 2011	1,752 May 2011	2,120 June 2011	2,074 July 2011	2,014 August 2011	1,957 September 2011	1,725 October 2011	2,966 November 2011	2,464 December 2011	2,091 January 2012	1,893 February 2012	2,234 March 2012	2,159 April 2012	1,727 May 2012	1,869 June 2012	2,032 July 2012	2,750 August 2012	2,598 September 2012	2,405 October 2012	3,511 November 2012	2,538 December 2012	2,579 January 2013	4,128 February 2013	3,124 March 2013	1,967 April 2013	2,241 May 2013	2,235 June 2013	2,301 July 2013	3,233 August 2013	2,678 September 2013	5,175 October 2013	1,434 Undated articles	2

July 11, 2021
December 2006	424 January 2007	688 February 2007	824 March 2007	721 April 2007	211 May 2007	229 June 2007	230 July 2007	126 August 2007	328 September 2007	320 October 2007	399 November 2007	451 December 2007	509 January 2008	597 February 2008	503 March 2008	746 April 2008	599 May 2008	495 June 2008	653 July 2008	509 August 2008	577 September 2008	429 October 2008	673 November 2008	547 December 2008	694 January 2009	894 February 2009	568 March 2009	937 April 2009	573 May 2009	767 June 2009	588 July 2009	874 August 2009	970 September 2009	778 October 2009	583 November 2009	702 December 2009	22,491 January 2010	619 February 2010	824 March 2010	902 April 2010	659 May 2010	537 June 2010	498 July 2010	520 August 2010	553 September 2010	610 October 2010	565 November 2010	528 December 2010	654 January 2011	555 February 2011	481 March 2011	467 April 2011	384 May 2011	586 June 2011	831 July 2011	744 August 2011	684 September 2011	597 October 2011	1,104 November 2011	920 December 2011	798 January 2012	584 February 2012	759 March 2012	810 April 2012	614 May 2012	638 June 2012	576 July 2012	1,031 August 2012	1,012 September 2012	789 October 2012	1,492 November 2012	1,021 December 2012	1,129 January 2013	1,908 February 2013	747 March 2013	585 April 2013	522 May 2013	631 June 2013	723 July 2013	1,039 August 2013	876 September 2013	2,214 October 2013	768 November 2013	691 December 2013	603 January 2014	616 February 2014	541 March 2014	514 April 2014	614 May 2014	677 June 2014	668 July 2014	518 August 2014	720 September 2014	611 October 2014	608 November 2014	766 December 2014	812 January 2015	769 February 2015	763 March 2015	983 April 2015	883 May 2015	814 June 2015	1,149 July 2015	780 August 2015	653 September 2015	622 October 2015	753 November 2015	594 December 2015	629 January 2016	647 February 2016	1,393 March 2016	979 April 2016	802 May 2016	1,186 June 2016	639 July 2016	804 August 2016	711 September 2016	689 October 2016	973 November 2016	799 December 2016	889 January 2017	763 February 2017	950 March 2017	627 April 2017	690 May 2017	638 June 2017	859 July 2017	818 August 2017	623 September 2017	733 October 2017	666 November 2017	521 December 2017	533 January 2018	595 February 2018	594 March 2018	610 April 2018	496 May 2018	599 June 2018	652 July 2018	656 August 2018	737 September 2018	657 October 2018	635 November 2018	781 December 2018	718 January 2019	482 February 2019	598 March 2019	1,178 April 2019	1,998 May 2019	3,446 June 2019	7,168 July 2019	490 August 2019	480 September 2019	341 October 2019	426 November 2019	511 December 2019	467 January 2020	594 February 2020	443 March 2020	993 April 2020	647 May 2020	600 June 2020	753 July 2020	509 August 2020	597 September 2020	1,801 October 2020	523 November 2020	611 December 2020	1,005 January 2021	1,140 February 2021	650 March 2021	904 April 2021	870 May 2021	1,227 June 2021	926 July 2021	233 Undated articles	17 All articles	156,936

title: User:SimonP/temp


text:
Category:Cotingidae

Cotingidae is a family of the bird order Passeriformes.

title: Category:Cotingidae


text:
Template talk:R from UN/LOCODE

Request
Can   be added? —Mark Adler (markles)  01:28, 27 January 2006 (UTC)

sounds good. tried to do it, but it is non editable - why??? And why can a normal user not see this reason?????????????????? 1st vs 2nd class WP? Tobias Conradi (Talk) 16:14, 27 January 2006 (UTC)

The template is currently protected. If it needs frequent editing, I would recommend to contact Ral315 as he was the one who protected it. It certainly does not seem to be a high-visibility template, by the way. Meanwhile, I added the line requested above.—Ëzhiki (ërinacëus amurënsis) 16:59, 27 January 2006 (UTC)

Please dab link
Please change geographic code to geographic code to avoid unnecessary redirecting. — Johan the Ghost seance 17:36, 22 February 2006 (UTC)

EditProtect request 3 June 2007
EditProtected The "==See also== " line in this template is displaying through into the TOC on Template_messages/Redirect_pages, and messing it (the TOC on the Wikihelp page) up.

 * 1) Please replace the "see also" line with (just drag, copy and Drop!):  : See Also

 * 1) This template seems to have a low distribution (What links here) and should probably not be protected at all.

Thanks // Fra nkB 22:30, 3 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Could you clarify this request, please? I.e., this template has had an H2 header since December 17, 2004. I don't see a TOC on Template messages/Redirect pages and I don't understand which wikihelp page you're referring to. By the way, the number of transclusions of this template is over 6000 (by my rough count), thus the protection. Cheers. --MZMcBride 17:34, 4 June 2007 (UTC)
 * I've disabled the editprotected request pending clarification. Cheers. --MZMcBride 01:02, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

 * 'So Sorry' 'bout the delay--I was busy on Meta yesterday. Hmmmm, I just saw a short list of pages using whatlinkshere... so the calling templates must be busy boys to spread the distribution that large! Sorry on that. Six kpages is certainly a reason to worry about it.

 * The TOC "manifestation" was apparently because I was in a section edit--you are correct-- the TOC is suppressed on the full page. Nonetheless, could be as confusing and disorienting "Momentarily" to another during a subsequent edit as it was to me during that one. Just adding one or two more "='s" adding to the indent level is anthor solution for this admittedly small issue. this was my fix in the other template, as I tried to describe above. (May as well, (eventually) since it "bit" one of us!)

 * If you look at and see the summary here in preview this (version) edit, you can also see the "See Also" section title manifest inside the table cell for this template:R from UN/LOCODE template.

 * OTOH, Looks like my edit splitting the long table into smaller easier to edit sections so to make more "editable" chunks now also suppresses the "problematic TOC" in the section, since the "section count" now falls below my preferences setting. Sigh. Sorry to bother you seeing THAT!
 * If it were me, I'd "bullet proof it" eventually, but seeing as how it's on so many pages, do suggest waiting until making an edit for another reason. (Ah, the wonders of distributed software! ) Have a good week! // Fra nkB 15:00, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

EditProtected Please change ==See also== to ;See also for the same reason FrankB said! At the page Template messages/Redirect pages the #See also link in the ToC makes it scroll down to this template. (also, as per code at Template:R from warning template). -- Quiddity (talk) 02:55, 12 April 2008 (UTC)

 * We should never ever use a DL in place of an H2. They aren't interchangeable. I added a conditional so that the h2 is only used in namespace 0, and the title is simply bolded otherwise. — Carl (CBM · talk) 21:05, 13 April 2008 (UTC)

Categorization requests
Hi, I'd like to request some changes to the categorization of this template in keeping with other redirect templates. Firstly, if  could be changed to:

that would be great! Secondly, the listing of the auto-category should be changed to: {{{Category|}} That way, when the template is being presented as an example (as with Tlrow), it won't sort the example page into the category. (I'm not sure how that works, I just know it does). Thanks! $$\sim$$ Lenoxus " * " 18:46, 12 June 2008 (UTC)

 * [[Image:Yes check.svg|20px]] Y Done with a few other minor bits like fixing the typo from what I copy-pasted and sorting it into its applied category with the sort key "*". { { Nihiltres | talk|log } } 13:07, 13 June 2008 (UTC)

Edit request: Interwiki link hack
Please prefix the five links with, and add piped parts to three of them, similar to [ my change to “Template:R from short name”]. Background: WT:Template messages/Redirect pages. This is a workaround for 7304.

Vadmium (talk) 04:49, 12 August 2011 (UTC)
 * ✅ hope it works Skier Dude  ( talk ) 03:24, 13 August 2011 (UTC)

title: Template talk:R from UN/LOCODE


text:
Dorset Premier Football League

The Dorset Premier Football League is a football league based in Dorset, England, which sits at Step 7 of the National League System, or level 11 of the overall English football league system.

History
The league was formed in 1957 under the name Dorset Football Combination League when a number of senior clubs within the county became disillusioned at being dictated to by junior and minor clubs.

The objective of the league on its formation was to increase the standard of football and competition throughout Dorset and neighbouring counties, an ideal that still holds today.

In 1991 the Dorset Football Combination League accepted an invitation to become a feeder to the Wessex League, thus giving its member clubs the opportunity to progress through the National League System. The league has now been placed at the Regional Feeder League level of the National League System, standing parallel to the Hampshire Premier League. Clubs promoting from the DPL usually join the 2nd level of the Wessex League. However, the conclusion of the 2005–06 season saw Sherborne Town move to the Western League Division One. Bridport, who maintain a reserve team in the DPL, also play in the Western League. The bottom club may be relegated to the Dorset Senior League, which is a level 12 league of the English football pyramid.

The 2002–03 season saw the League change its name to the Dorset Premier Football League. It was felt that this more reflected the League's status. In 2010 the League was awarded the FA Charter Standard status, only the third league in the FA’s jurisdiction to be so awarded.

Member clubs (2024–25)

 * Balti Sports
 * Blandford United
 * Bournemouth Electric
 * Bournemouth Sports
 * Bridport Reserves
 * Cobham Sports
 * Dorchester Sports
 * Hamworthy Recreation Reserves
 * Hamworthy United Reserves
 * Holt United
 * Poole Borough
 * Portland United Reserves
 * Sherborne Town Reserves
 * Swanage Town & Herston
 * Westland Sports
 * Wimborne Town Reserves

title: Dorset Premier Football League


text:
National Express Midland Metro

National Express Midland Metro operated the Midland Metro tram system between Birmingham and Wolverhampton in England from May 1999 until June 2018. It was a subsidiary of National Express, who also owned the local bus company National Express West Midlands. The National Express Midland Metro brand name and logo were not carried on trams and on most publicity, just 'The Metro' branding with the exception of printed timetables.

History
The Midland Metro was built and operated by the Altram consortium owned by Ansaldo, John Laing and National Express opening on 30 May 2005. In March 2006 National Express bought out its consortium partners. Midland Metro was specified and financed by the West Midlands Passenger Transport Executive. The operating company was previously named Travel Midland Metro in keeping with National Express' previous naming structure for subsidiary companies.

National Express operated the concession until 23 June 2018, when it was taken over by Transport for West Midlands.

Fleet
The original fleet consisted of 16 AnsaldoBreda T-69 trams. These were replaced by 21 CAF Urbos 3s in 2014/15. Originally trams were intended to carry an off-white with yellow, blue and green stripes livery, but instead carried a purple, yellow, red, green and grey livery. This was replaced by a pink and silver livery in 2007.

title: National Express Midland Metro


text:
The Magic Toyshop

The Magic Toyshop (1967) is a British novel by Angela Carter. It follows the development of the heroine, Melanie, as she becomes aware of herself, her environment, and her own sexuality.

Plot summary
The novel starts with Melanie stealing her mother's wedding dress and venturing out in the night into her family's property. However, on her way home, she realises she forgot the door key and is forced to climb up a tree to get back into her room, destroying the dress in the process. The next morning, Melanie learns of the unexpected deaths of her parents in a plane crash over the Grand Canyon, and she and her two siblings – Victoria and Jonathon – are moved to South London, to the care of her tyrannical uncle Philip, a bullish and eccentric maker of life-sized puppets and fantastical old fashioned toys. There, she meets her mute aunt Margaret, who is mistreated by and terrified of her husband and only converses through notes. She also meets Margaret's younger brothers Francie, a fiddler, and the rakish Finn. At first, Uncle Philip ignores Melanie and her siblings as they are introduced to his bizarre puppet shows and she is made to work selling toys in the toyshop. Meanwhile, Finn and Melanie grow closer until he takes her to a park which is the ruins of the National Exhibition of 1852. There, after seeing a worn, fallen statue of Queen Victoria and walking across a chess board (only on the white squares), Finn kisses Melanie. She feels intruded on by the gesture, imagining it to be romantic only as an observer from far away. The kiss begins Melanie's conflicted feelings of attraction toward Finn.

At another puppet show, Finn fails to control his puppet and is thrown to the floor by Uncle Philip, who despises him. Satisfied that Finn shall never be adept at working the puppets, Uncle Philip devises a new plan, drafting Melanie to perform with the puppets. Philip assigns Finn to teach Melanie how to act on stage for the future show. During this time, Melanie notices a difference in Finn's behaviour. Whereas before he had been subtly rebellious, he now seems depleted of all resistance and resigned to Philip's control. Finn also becomes even more physically dirty than before. However, Finn's opposition to Philip returns when he refuses to make love to Melanie, as he considers this to be part of Philip's machinations.

Soon the day of the puppet show arrives. Melanie appears on stage in a white dress. Philip has arranged for Melanie to play Leda as she is raped by the god Jove in the guise of a monstrous swan. However, the play is not successful, as Melanie struggles to beat off the swan. As she scrambles to escape the swan puppet, Finn calls for the end of the show. In a rage, Philip slaps Melanie and accuses her of ruining his show.

Shortly after the show, Uncle Philip goes on a business trip, taking Jonathon with him and leaving the rest of the family alone at the house. Finn decides to destroy Philip's puppet swan and buries it in the park next to the fallen Queen Victoria. He returns home and crawls into bed with Melanie. She comforts him and arrives at the realisation that they will someday marry and have children, leading a poor, constrained life together. Finn reaches a sort of epiphany about his life and decides to wash and not tolerate Uncle Philip's tyranny any more, something exemplified when Finn sits in Uncle Philip's seat at the dinner table. After a somewhat drunken evening, Melanie learns that Margaret and Francie have been having an incestuous relationship.

Suddenly Uncle Philip returns, discovering the infidelity of his wife and the rebellion of his household. In a tremendous rage, he sets the house on fire. Margaret finally speaks as she urges Finn and Melanie to escape. They do so just in time, running outside the house and turning to watch the floors of the house collapse in fire. They realise now that their old world is destroyed and, for better or worse, all they have left is each other.

Film adaptation
The novel was filmed in 1987. It was produced by Steve Morrison and directed by David Wheatley. It was adapted for the screen by the author, Angela Carter, and starred Tom Bell, Caroline Milmoe, Killian McKenna, Patricia Kerrigan, and Lorcan Cranitch. Her collection, The Curious Room: Plays, Film Scripts and an Opera, contains Carter's script for the adaptation. The script and the film are discussed in Charlotte Crofts' book, Anagrams of Desire, drawing on an interview with director, David Wheatley.

Theatre
Alan Harris has adapted The Magic Toyshop into a stage play. It had its world premiere in Cardiff, directed by Sita Calvert-Ennals, in May 2014.

title: The Magic Toyshop


text:
Topmast

The masts of traditional sailing ships were not single spars, but were constructed of separate sections or masts, each with its own rigging. The topmast is one of these.

The topmast is semi-permanently attached to the upper front of the lower mast, at the top. Its shrouds run to the edges of the top, rather than to the sides of the hull, though long shrouds leading well aft to the hull, more in the manner of backstays, are sometimes seen. In accordance with the standard square rig sail plan, the topmast carries the topsail. In the late 19th century, however, topsails became so big that merchant ships began to divide them into two separate sails for easier handling; since these were still on the topmast they were known as upper and lower topsails to preserve the consistency of the naming scheme. The majority of large square-riggers today carry separate upper and lower topsails.

The main topmast carries the upper end of the main-topmast-staysail; a mizzen-topmast may carry the equivalent. The fore-topmast will carry a staysail, but depending on where the lower end of the stay is attached it may be called a fore-topmast-staysail or an inner jib.

When steel masts were introduced, with their lengths no longer limited by the height of a tree, ships were often constructed with single spars serving as both lower mast and topmast. In every other respect, however, the "topmast" lived on, with separate shrouds to the lower mast and a top between the two. The section of mast immediately above the top was often painted white as the lower masthead used to be, with the section of the steel mast representing the topmast continuing on above in its usual colour. Topgallant masts and royal masts were similarly combined, though, being shorter, they were often one spar even in the days of wood. A common arrangement on tall ships now in use is a steel spar as lower and topmast, surmounted by a wooden mast as topgallant and royal.

title: Topmast


text: Portal:Schools/box-header

title: Portal:Schools/box-header


text:
File:WorkingClassicalCover.jpg

Summary

Fair use rationale for Working Classical

 * It is believed that the use of this image on the English-language Wikipedia to illustrate an article on the audio recording in question falls under the "Non-profit educational" clause of the Fair Use doctrine currently upheld by United States law. (17 U.S.C. § 107)
 * The image is irreplaceable; a free analogue is impossible to produce as the original will be covered by copyright for the foreseeable future
 * Owing to the limited web-resolution of the image, only a small portion of a copyrighted work is used
 * For the same reasons, the portion of the copyrighted work used is of inherently lower quality than the original, reducing the risk of competitiveness and therefore the effects of this copy on the market for or value of versions held by the owner of the copyright

title: File:WorkingClassicalCover.jpg


text:
2005–06 Deodhar Trophy

The 2005–06 Deodhar Trophy was a List A cricket tournament in India, competed for by the five zonal teams which contested the Duleep Trophy. The tournament was hosted by the Central Zone and won by the North Zone.

Matches

 * Source:

Central Zone v West Zone (25 February)
Central Zone (4 pts) beat West Zone (0 pts) by 3 wickets

East Zone v South Zone (25 February)
South Zone (4) beat East Zone (0) by 3 wickets

Central Zone v North Zone (28 February)
North Zone (4) beat Central Zone (0) by 14 runs

East Zone v West Zone (28 February)
West Zone (4) beat East Zone (0) by 4 wickets

Central Zone v South Zone (3 March)
South Zone (5) beat Central Zone (-1) by 80 runs

North Zone v West Zone (3 March)
West Zone (4) beat North Zone (0) by 8 wickets

Central Zone v East Zone (6 March)
Central Zone (4) beat East Zone (0) by 1 wicket

North Zone v South Zone (6 March)
North Zone (5) beat South Zone (-1) by 74 runs

East Zone v North Zone (9 March)
North Zone (4) beat East Zone (0) by 51 runs (VJD method)

South Zone v West Zone (9 March)
South Zone (4) beat West Zone (0) by 2 runs

Final table

 * Source:

title: 2005–06 Deodhar Trophy


text: Portal:Schools/box-footer

title: Portal:Schools/box-footer


text:
Logan Circle

Logan Circle may refer to:

 * Logan Circle (Washington, D.C.), a traffic circle and neighborhood in Washington, D.C.
 * Logan Circle (Philadelphia), a park in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania also known as Logan Square
 * "Logan Circle", a song by The Wonder Years from The Upsides

title: Logan Circle


text:
Brown-headed nuthatch

The brown-headed nuthatch (Sitta pusilla) is a small songbird endemic to pine forests throughout the Southeastern United States. Genetic analyses indicated low differentiation between northern and southern populations in Florida, but the study also found lower genetic diversity among south Florida populations that may be a result of the increased habitat fragmentation that was documented. The Bahama nuthatch was formerly considered a subspecies (S. p. insularis), has since been reclassified as its own separate species. Two recent studies assessing vocalizations in Bahama and continental nuthatch populations found important differences. One of the studies also demonstrated that continental and Bahama populations did not respond aggressively to calls of the other population. This type of call-response study is often used to help define cryptic species.

The bird, like other nuthatches, possesses a sharp black nail-like beak, which it uses to pound open seeds. It is a frequent visitor to feeding stations and is highly fond of sunflower seeds and suet cakes. Bold and inquisitive, this bird is readily approachable by humans. The bird is regularly observed using a small chips of bark, small twigs, and pine needles held in its beak as tools to dig for insects. The nuthatch exhibits other curious behaviors such as cooperative groups where groups of 3–5 adults provide care at a single nest. Recent genetic assessments suggest some of the putatively non-breeding adults associated with these groups may actually breed with individuals in neighboring territories. This nuthatch also exhibits a wide range of other social behaviors that include social grooming and male-female duets similar to those observed for the pygmy nuthatch.

The brown-headed nuthatch has been found to prefer making their nests at the top of short snags.

Despite the other species' common name, the brown-headed nuthatch is about the same size as the pygmy nuthatch and the two species are the world's smallest nuthatches. In the brown-headed nuthatch, the total length is 9 - 11 cm, wingspan is 16 - 18 cm and body mass is 10 - 12 g. This species sports a brown cap with narrow black eyeline and buff white cheeks, chin, and belly. Its wings are bluish-gray in color. A small white spot is found at the nape of the neck. The bird's call is a sharp whee-hyah sounding very similar to a "rubber duck" toy and particularly is loud for a bird its size. They also make softer "pit pit pit" calls while in flight as well as other squeaking noises. If heard or seen well, this species is virtually unmistakable in the wild, since it overlaps only with the very differently marked and larger red-breasted and white-breasted nuthatches.

title: Brown-headed nuthatch


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Manchester councillors

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was no consensus (keep). Eugene van der Pijll 21:55, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

Manchester councillors
This is a joint nomination for the following articles: Liaqat Ali, James Ashley (UK politician), Simon Ashley, Faraz Bhatti, John Bridges, John Cameron (British politician), Abid Chohan, Abu Chowdhury, John Commons (politician), Basil Curley, Iain Donaldson, Paul Fairweather, Helen Fisher, John Grant (British politician), Wendy Helsby, Eric Hobin Rodney Isherwood, Bernadette Newing, Sheila Newman, Tony Parkinson, David Royle, Mohammed Sajjad, David Sandiford, Paul Shannon (UK politician), John-Paul Wilkins, Lynne Williams and Joy Winder. The articles have in common the fact that they are all local government councillors in Manchester, the articles are stubs, and the people concerned are not notable in any other way, save for Commons and Donaldson who have stood for Parliament unsuccessfully (we are told that Shannon "drives a distinctive car"). Most of them are Liberal Democrat councillors. These articles are quite simply not notable and probably just there to increase the political profile of the subjects and of the Liberal Democrats in Manchester. David | Talk 21:48, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete NN. David | Talk 21:48, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep the fact that they have been elected to public office says they are noteworthy. Simon Ashley is the leader of the Liberal Democrat group on Manchester City Council.  If we are going to delete all these articles, why not delete all Councillors entirely - such as David Boothroyd.  I know his article is comprehensive showing his political career to date, but surely that started as a stub....
 * If you are arguing that anyone elected to public office anywhere is notable, then I disagree. Do you really think an article on every member of Abbots Langley Parish Council (to take one at randon) would be useful? Or perhaps I should create a page for Henry Luttman-Johnson, elected unopposed to represent Hamlet of Knightsbridge Ward on Westminster City Council on November 1, 1912, died on November 20, 1912. Councillors are not notable in themselves but they are notable if there are other reasons. If you're referring to Votes for deletion/David Boothroyd, then check: it survived because I am a published author and compiler of election results. PS please sign your contributions. David | Talk 22:10, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep Manchester City Council and Abbots Langley parish Council do not compare. I would draw the line at the legal level of a "Principal Council" - but not a parish council. The stubs can either grow, or be merged in to a "Manchester Councillors" page. DKB
 * Interested to know why user David does not want to delete Labour councillors .... Eric Hobin, Basil Curley, Sheila Newman, David Royle etc.
 * Because I went through all the wards I could find linked from Manchester. I'm happy to add them. David | Talk 22:14, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep we had quite a lengthy discussion of this issue at Deletion policy/Local politicians, which found there was no consensus to delete these articles. For several of our better covered cities we now have articles on all present and many past councillors, for instance see Category:Toronto city councillors. At the moment the Manchester ones seem to all be short stubs, so we might consider merging them into a single page on Manchester City Council. - SimonP 22:21, August 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * Can I enquire how many people the Toronto City Councillors represent? (clue: 55,000) San Francisco's Supervisors have districts as large as UK Parliamentary constituencies. Would it surprise you to know that these Manchester City Councillors represent an electorate of about 3,000 each? David | Talk 22:25, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * It would certainly surprise me! Which ward in Manchester has only 3,000 electors???? Harpurhey ward has over 10,000 electors!
 * There are three councillors per ward. David | Talk 22:41, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * That may be so, but the councillors do not apportion a third of the electorate each, the councillors still represent all 10,000 or so electors in the ward!!!
 * That is a sophist's argument. In my experience most councillors in three-member wards do apportion them out. While all three may speak collectively for the ward, it is normal in measuring the level of representation to take the number of electors per councillor and not number of electors per ward. Please sign your contributions. David | Talk 23:10, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * What rot this person is spouting - being a councillor in a three-member ward I cannot not represesent someone who may have been "allotted" to another ward colleague. We represent all electors in the ward.  The practice of allotting a third each might operate in Westminster, but no-where else to my knowledge.  Also what happens where councillors in a ward of differing political parties?  Who decides who represents which third is those circumstances?  Utter rot to suppose that wards are divided by three.

Alert: Caught red-handed. This edit was made by 62.252.192.8 (see ) who was the same user, using this IP or 62.252.192.7 who created most of the biographies of Manchester councillors. And here he says he is a councillor. This is a blatant case of Autobiography. David | Talk 22:00, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I didn't say I was a councillor in Manchester! I am not! Nor did I say I was a Liberal Democrat councillor! This David Boothroyd seems to have a desire to be always right - even when he isn't!
 * I have only a desire to make a better encyclopaedia, which includes deleting biographies of non-notable people, and abiding by our no personal attacks policy which you should read right now. You do know that anon votes are often not counted in deletion debates, don't you? David | Talk 22:47, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Oh is it a personal attack to describe you as having a desire for always being right, but not a personal attack on me saying this is a blatant case of autobiography when it isn't. No-one is launching personal attacks but when you grasp at straws to put forward your arguments you can expect them to answered robustly!

 * Keep I agree with SimonP - Manchester is a major city in the UK, and Manchester's councillors should be included - perhaps David would agree a compromise and allow them to be listed on the Manchester City page??? We already have Westminster and Birmingham councillors (perhaps not all, but some) in Wikipedia - submitted by Colin Armstrong.
 * We do not have any significant number of Westminster councillors. That's completely wrong. Discounting those who were also MPs there is only Shirley Porter (notable for the scandal), Ben Summerskill (notable as journalist and campaigner), David Boothroyd (notable as author and election researcher), and Murad Qureshi (notable as GLA member). I won't object to a single article on Manchester City Council members but it won't take any significant information from these biogs because they are substubs. I almost speedied them they were so poor. David | Talk 23:00, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep. Factual and verifiable article can be written. Trollderella 23:22, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * There's a difference between biography and prosopography. David | Talk 23:32, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep all. Why not work to fix them up if they are poor? Clair de Lune 00:04, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete all UK local councillors are not inherently notable. If we include them, simply because they are 'elected' then we'd need to include community councillors and school boards too. We have to draw a line somewhere. Besides, there are literaly thousands of councillors changing seats every few years – who will update all these records? No-one is that sad! Delete all - and if anyone wants, they can list them --Doc (?) 01:49, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Tiny stubs on people elected to 10,000 population wards. Who, other than friends and families is ever going to look at this? --Porturology 03:12, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete or merge all of them into a list of Manchester councillors. Uppland 05:23, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 *  Keep  SchmuckyTheCat 05:41, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep per SimonP. Ground Zero 11:47, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete all. Being elected as a councillor alone is not enough for notability, else all 20,000(?) or so would be eligible for a WP entry. Qwghlm 15:26, August 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Useless trivia. Gamaliel 18:25, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete (1st choice) or Merge (2nd choice), per Uppland. Xoloz 20:31, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - Principle Local Authorities (and that includes Mets) should be included. However a question: how come Basil Curley, David Royle, Paul Fairweather and Sheila Newman are on the Lib Dem page?  Unless a mass defection has gone entirely unreported in the media, they're all still Labour Councillors.
 * I thought I read the David Royle had joined the Liberal Democrats?
 * They are not 'on the Lib Dem page'. David | Talk 22:00, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Did David Royle join the LibDems? Or did I misread that?

Keep - There are a number of other Lib Dem politicians listed whose only elected office is as a Councillor on a Principal Council. Also, at least one other (Jackie Pearcey) has also been a parliamentary candidate. Colin Rosenstiel, Deputy Leader, Cambridge City Council Lib Dem).
 * Delete. Not notable enough. Nandesuka 23:21, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - I'm gonna go for delete on this one. How many local councillors can you name?  I'm not sure about systems in other countries, but in the UK, local councillors just do menial bureaucratic tasks.  They do have influence on the local area, and have some local notability, but it's on a too small scale.  When local council elections take place, the news channels never look at specific election battles, or even bother naming any individual candidates.  It's just used as a popularity poll for the major parties, and can help people guess the outcome of a general election, when people vote for MPs, actual notable people. - Hahnchen 02:47, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment Having too much time on my hands I have looked up the election results. Not only do the wards have only 10,000 voters on average but the turnout in 2004 was about 30%. Each voter has 3 votes i.e. the total number of votes in each ward was ~9,000. but as far as I can tell none of these councillors got more than 2000 votes. Obviously if you have enough friends and relatives (about 500 will do) and join a voting block in Manchester you can become a councillor. These stubs are only to increase the notoriety of nn officials.--Porturology 06:06, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete or Merge as per Uppland. Oldelpaso 10:55, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, as above. --Agamemnon2 14:42, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge, per SimonP's Manchester City Council idea.  -maclean25 19:50, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak Keep, there may be some notables in the list, it is wrong to delete everyone at the same time. Some of them have been Lord Mayors - surely they are worthy of being in Wikipedia.Rhyddfrydol 01:25, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Just a thought. If you are going to publish details about us for an encyclopedia online, then perhaps the first thing you should do is contact us to ask us to funish you with information you are interested in publishing.  The entry about me (for example) would appear to have been taken directly from a summary list that was created for the Manchester Liberal Democrats website, and certainly does not cover my political career, nor does it give any mention of my personal philosophies and/or achievements.  The difficulty you would appear to be having here is that some person has, unbeknowned to me (and certainly at least one other councillor who drew my attention to this site)  taken copyrighted material out of context and posted it here, leaving you in a most unnecessary quandry as to what to do with it.  I believe that if you are looking to produce an online encyclopedia that perhaps the most productive approach would be to create a basic summary of the local work of the three parties elected to local government in Manchester - 57 Labour, 38 Lib Dem, and 1 Green.  This could then be linked to the appropriate local Government and local party websites for further information.  Our local party website, just for the record, is WWW.manchester-libdems.org.uk.  Sorry about the poor editing btw, couldn't quite work it out.  Iain Donaldson
 * Question - is this a case that if one goes, the whole lot have to go? Certainly the article on Iain Donaldson cannot be classed as a stub now, and I would vote that his entry stays.Rhyddfrydol 20:10, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge into single city council article. --fvw *  20:10, August 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
William Croft (linguist)

William Croft (born November 13, 1956) is an American professor of linguistics at the University of New Mexico, United States. From 1994 to 2005 he was successively research fellow, lecturer, reader and professor in Linguistics at the University of Manchester, UK.

He is the inventor of and advocate for radical construction grammar, which among other things uses box-diagrams to compare and contrast the grammatical features of different natural languages.

William Croft is a member of Save the Redwoods League's Board of Councillors.

title: William Croft (linguist)


text:
Online shopping rewards

Online shopping rewards are a type of loyalty program to e-commerce shoppers.

The advent of online shopping has resulted in the rapid development of many rewards programs that offer incentives for shopping. These programs may be points-based (redeemable for products or vouchers), cashback, airline frequent flyer-miles-based, hotel points, donations to charity, or even carbon offsets.

These programs are often presented to the consumer as coalitions of large numbers of retailers, but are probably better described as competitive loyalty programs, to differentiate them from their precursors the original single retailer non-competitive loyalty program.

The marketing model
Rewards portals have grown very rapidly in most major markets, especially in the US, Canada, UK, and Australia. While they have roots in traditional off-line non-competitive loyalty programs, such portals often add considerably greater value to the customer than their traditional off-line equivalent, which accounts for their dramatic growth and high levels of customer acceptance.

Cash back and reward-based websites operate using a marketing model known as affiliate marketing, which is a performance-based marketing tool. Affiliate marketing networks make it possible to track in detail where users come from (which website is referring the customers), what users buy (down to the product) and when. Rewards-based websites track and reconcile this information with their own user database, and pass on a proportion or even all of the commission received to the customer. From the customer's perspective they are getting something back, usually at no extra cost and often with an additional discount or bonus. From the retailer's perspective, the role and costs of marketing are passed on almost entirely to the affiliate. While hundreds of thousands of websites can easily use affiliate programs to advertise products and retailers (from sports blogs, fanzines through to almost any niche website), cash back and rewards-based programs are much fewer in number, because of the need to track, store, and retrieve individual customer information with a high degree of precision.

Typology
A particular typology is the incentive program. Online shopping programs tend to be consumer-oriented points-based or cash back programs. Traditional programs focus their proposition on extrinsic motivation and rewards: cash back or a choice of attractive rewards. A variant, though not unique to online shopping programs, is the intrinsic reward. Cause related websites, much like affinity credit card schemes, give their users the opportunity to donate the cash or points to a charity, school, or club. Others still give their users a range of options. With consumer concern about climate change growing, a number of green rewards shopping portals have appeared. Instead of cash back or points these websites offer carbon credits (also known as carbon offsets) or green gadgets to encourage consumers to shop with particular retailers or make changes to their lifestyle.

Criticisms
Points-based web sites may have different currencies, which makes it difficult to compare the customer benefit. Most reward websites retain a proportion of the commission, and only industry insiders are aware of the nuances of the business model used and therefore the customer benefit.

From the consumer's perspective it may not always be clear whether the benefit going to the supported cause is the most effective way of raising funds. For example, in some countries like the UK, a significant tax benefit can be provided to the charity by donating in cash.

While the majority of green reward websites also offer some useful information and advice on greener living, few of them seem to encourage more sustainable consumption.

title: Online shopping rewards


text:
Wikipedia:Swedish Wikipedians' notice board/New articles

The list keeps track of new articles related to Sweden. The newest articles are listed at the top.


text:
Vertigo Tour

The Vertigo Tour was a worldwide concert tour by the Irish rock band U2. Staged in support of the group's 2004 album How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb, the tour visited arenas and stadiums between March 2005 and December 2006. The Vertigo Tour consisted of five legs that alternated between indoor arena shows in North America and outdoor stadium shows internationally. Much like the previous Elevation Tour, the indoor portion of the Vertigo Tour featured a stripped-down, intimate stage design. Protruding from the main stage was an ellipse-shaped catwalk that encapsulated a small number of fans.

The tour grossed US$260 million in 110 sold-out concerts in 2005, making it the top-grossing tour of the year. In North America alone, the tour grossed $138.9 million from 1.4 million tickets sold. The Vertigo Tour won the 2005 Billboard Roadwork Touring Awards for Top Tour, Top Draw, and Top Single Event, and U2's management company Principle Management won for Top Manager. By the time it finished, the Vertigo Tour had sold 4,619,021 tickets from 131 shows, and became the second-highest-grossing concert tour with $389 million earned. The tour was depicted in three concert films: Vertigo 2005: Live from Chicago, Vertigo: Live from Milan, and U2 3D.

Itinerary
After rehearsing for several months in Vancouver, and stage rehearsals at Baja Studios in Rosarito, Mexico. The tour's opening night was on 28 March 2005 at the iPayOne Center in San Diego, California. The first leg through North America consisted of 28 sold-out indoor arena shows and finished on 28 May in Boston, Massachusetts.

The second leg was a European stadium tour, commencing on 10 June in Brussels and finishing on 14 August in Lisbon. They played in a number of venues including Amsterdam, London, Dublin, Madrid, Milan, and Oslo. U2 broke Irish box office marks with ticket sales for three Croke Park concerts in Dublin, after more than 240,000 tickets were sold in record time. In The Netherlands, Belgium, France, and Austria, the tickets were all sold within 60 minutes. The band then returned to North America in the autumn for the third leg, playing 50 sold-out shows in indoor arenas, starting on September 12 in Toronto and finishing up on December 19 in Portland, Oregon.

A fourth leg began on 12 February 2006 in Monterrey, Mexico, and ran through March visiting Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, and Chile; many of these locales had not seen a live U2 performance in nearly a decade and proved to be a hugely successful leg, with massive audiences attending these shows.

On 9 March 2006, it was announced the final 10 shows in New Zealand, Australia, Japan, and Hawaii were postponed due to guitarist The Edge's 7 year old daughter Sian's diagnosis of leukaemia. (The initial start of the tour had been postponed for the same reason, prior to any tickets being sold.) On 20 July 2006, it was announced that they were rescheduled for November and December, with some adjustments and additions of dates. The fifth leg started on 7 November in Brisbane, Australia and concluded on 9 December 2006 at Aloha Stadium in Honolulu, Hawaii after thirteen shows.

Stage design
The Vertigo Tour's production was designed by architect Mark Fisher and stage and lighting designer Willie Williams. Key elements were an ellipse-shaped ramp on the floor connected to the stage, with some fans inside it and some outside it (similar to the heart-shaped ramp used on the previous Elevation Tour). The inside area of the ellipse came to be known as the "bomb shelter", in reference to the supporting album.

In the North American shows, a set of seven retractable, see-through LED-based lighted bead curtains hung behind and to the side of the stage, showing abstract patterns, maps, moving figures, and occasionally text. The curtain design permitted concertgoers around the arena to have an excellent view of the curtains above the band and the images they displayed. The roll-drop LED screens were designed by Fisher using 360deg golf-ball pixels developed with Frederic Opsomer of Innovative Designs in Belgium. The spherical LED product joined the BARCO product line as the Mi-Sphere. The Vertigo Tour used 189 strings of these "MiSphere" LED balls suspended from custom truss, which allows the LED curtains to be rolled up. High above the center stage hung the MiSphere strings, each containing 64 spheres and totaling nine meters long. Dynamic, "moving" lights were also embedded in the stage and the B-stage ramp, as well. Four screens suspended above the stage showed close-ups of each member of the band, another element reused from the Elevation Tour.

For the European, Latin American and Australian stadium shows, the bead curtains were replaced by an LED screen behind the band. The screen was assembled from BARCO O-Lite modules. The assembly of the screen was similar to the rigging used for the LED screen in the PopMart Tour. The ellipse was also replaced with two catwalks leading to two B-stages in the style of the 'Vertigo target'.

Lighting gear list
The following gear was used for the show's lighting:
 * 54 Martin MAC 2000 Wash
 * 15 Vari*Lite VL3000
 * 37 Martin Atomic 3000 Strobe
 * 66 2x2 DWE audience blinders
 * 12 Lycian M2 Follow Spot
 * 6 Strong 3K Gladiator Follow Spot
 * 6 Saco Technologies LED Factory Light (custom)
 * 24 ETC Source Four Leko
 * 6 Lowell Tota light
 * 6 1x4 DWE audience blinders
 * 2 18K HMI Fresnel
 * 1 Flying Pig Systems WholeHog 3 console (running beta version of the new 1.3.9 software)
 * 189 MiSphere string
 * 4 Barco G10 projector
 * 5 Barco G5 projector
 * 5 Folsom Encore image processor

A PlayStation controller was used to control High End Systems DL1 units for audience shots presented on the large video screens.

Set list
The show's set list varied, with notable differences between each leg of the tour.

Main set

Prior to the band taking the stage, "Wake Up" by Canadian rock band Arcade Fire was played as introduction music. The arena shows of the first and third legs usually began with the same trio of songs: "City of Blinding Lights", "Vertigo", and "Elevation". On the first leg, "City of Blinding Lights" would alternate with "Love and Peace or Else", and sometimes "Beautiful Day" appeared in the opening trio. In contrast, the stadium concerts of the second leg opened with "Vertigo", "I Will Follow", and "The Electric Co.", though "I Will Follow's" position was occasionally occupied by other songs. By the fourth leg, "City of Blinding Lights", "Vertigo" and "Elevation" were the standard opening trio that was only altered once – early on in the fourth leg. After the opening trio, songs from U2's early days were played at the arena shows, while the stadium shows featured more anthemic rock songs. "New Year's Day", "Until the End of the World", "I Still Haven't Found What I'm Looking For", and "Miracle Drug" were examples of songs that often appeared in the main set. Beyond this point in the set list, the stadium and indoor sets became roughly similar. "Sometimes You Can't Make it on Your Own" was played at every show as a tribute to Bono's father. There was then a sequence of politically based songs (usually "Love and Peace or Else", "Sunday Bloody Sunday", and "Bullet the Blue Sky"), based around the theme of "Coexist" (written to show a Muslim Crescent, Jewish Star of David, and Christian Cross). Later, with flags of African nations displayed on the screens, "Where the Streets Have No Name" followed "Pride (In the Name of Love)". This led to a plea from Bono to participate in the ONE Campaign, while the opening of "One" played.

Encores
The encores varied from leg to leg, and night to night. The first encore was frequently a musical and visual look back to U2's Zoo TV Tour, usually featuring "Zoo Station", "The Fly", and "Mysterious Ways". However, for many shows on the third leg, this was discarded in favor of an acoustic encore. The second encore often showcased recent material, and almost all second-leg shows as well as rare first and third-leg shows ended with a repeat of "Vertigo", in homage to U2's early concert days when they would run out of songs to play. The usual concert finisher in the first leg was "40" where Adam and Edge would switch instruments, but over the course of the tour, many other closing songs would be used as well.

At the start of the much-delayed fifth leg in Australia, the usual first Zoo TV-style encore was used initially, but several shows into the leg "Zoo Station" was dropped in favour of "Mysterious Ways" with "The Fly" opening the encore, making the first encore "The Fly", "Mysterious Ways" and "With or Without You". The second encore, however, showcased three songs that had not been played until this point on the entire tour. "The Saints Are Coming" was played, following U2 and Green Day's using it to reopen the Louisiana Superdome. Up next was a full electric performance of "Angel of Harlem". Making its Vertigo Tour debut and closing a show for the first time ever was "Kite", which had not been played since the end of the Elevation Tour five years prior. "Kite" was accompanied by a didgeridoo and the show ended with Bono releasing a kite from one of the B-Stages. During the band's second show in Auckland, "One Tree Hill" replaced "Kite" as the show closer. The encore of the final concert of the tour in Honolulu included "The Saints Are Coming" featuring Billie Joe Armstrong, "Window in the Skies", and Neil Young's "Rockin' in the Free World" featuring Eddie Vedder and Mike McCready. The tour ended with the song "All I Want Is You".

Diversity of material played
The Vertigo Tour was notable not only for its diversity of material—it was the first tour since the Lovetown Tour to feature at least one song from each of their currently released albums—but for the rarity of some songs played. "The Ocean" had not been performed since December 1982. Tracks from their debut album Boy were chosen ahead of tracks from their biggest-selling album, The Joshua Tree. A number of other songs returned to the set list after absences of more than fifteen years, including material from October, while "The First Time", from 1993's Zooropa album, was played in full live for the first time. "Miss Sarajevo", a song from U2's side project Original Soundtracks No. 1, became a concert regular despite previously only being played live twice since its release in 1995. Although Luciano Pavarotti sang the operatic vocals on the original, "Miss Sarajevo" featured Bono competently singing the operatic vocals. Also, "Discothèque", from 1997's Pop album, made its final two appearances. The Vertigo Tour has also featured Larry Mullen, Jr. on vocals on "Elevation", "Miracle Drug" and "Love and Peace or Else". All but two songs ("A Man and a Woman" and "One Step Closer") from How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb were performed on the tour. "Fast Cars", a bonus track on some countries' editions of the album, was also performed. "Walk On", the Grammy Award-winning song from All That You Can't Leave Behind, was played only sparingly on the tour, and barring performances in Brisbane and Sydney, was played in stripped-back acoustic form. Also "Bad", which was a regular on the Elevation Tour playlist, was played less frequently on this tour.

Concert filming
Two nights of the band's four-night engagement in Chicago, Illinois in May 2005 were filmed for the live DVD Vertigo 2005: Live From Chicago. During the European stadium leg of the Vertigo Tour in the summer of 2005, four more concerts were filmed: two in Dublin and two in Milan. Songs from the Milan shows were featured in a band profile on 60 Minutes and on U2.COMmunication. Ten songs performed at the Milan concert appeared as a special edition bonus DVD in U2's November 2006 compilation album U218 Singles. The 20 February 2006 show in São Paulo, Brazil was broadcast live by Rede Globo. Additionally, 700 hours of footage from seven Latin American concerts were filmed in 3D HD for the film U2 3D, released in 2008 in Real D Cinemas. On 18 and 19 November, additional U2 3D filming was done at the Melbourne concerts at Telstra Dome, as additional shots of the stage's LED display and the concert audience were needed.

Support acts
Support slots were taken up by Ash, Arcade Fire, Athlete, Dashboard Confessional, Feeder, Franz Ferdinand, Interpol, Kanye West, Keane, The Killers, Kings of Leon (U.S. leg only), Scissor Sisters, Snow Patrol, Starsailor (Cardiff only), Paddy Casey (Dublin only), Razorlight, Pearl Jam (Honolulu only) and The Zutons.

Reception
Like its predecessor, the Vertigo Tour was a commercial success, ranking as the top-earning tour of 2005 with US$260 million grossed. In North America alone, the tour grossed $138.9 million from 1.4 million tickets sold. The Vertigo Tour won the 2005 Billboard Roadwork Touring Awards for Top Tour, Top Draw, and Top Single Event, and U2's management company Principle Management won for Top Manager. By the time it finished, the Vertigo Tour had sold 4,619,021 tickets from 131 shows, and became the second-highest-grossing concert tour with $389 million earned. It was bested only by The Rolling Stones' A Bigger Bang Tour, which took place at roughly the same time but was longer overall.

Ticket presale controversy
The band's website, U2.com, was involved in a ticket presale controversy that upset fans. Users who paid $40 for a subscription to U2.com were promised the opportunity to purchase tickets in a presale that preceded any general public ticket sales. However, many fans were unable to purchase tickets, as technical glitches plagued the presale. Additionally, many scalpers had taken advantage of the system by subscribing to U2.com and purchasing as many tickets as possible, with the intentions of selling them for profit. Larry Mullen, Jr. apologized on behalf of the band at the Grammy Awards.

title: Vertigo Tour


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Socialist Party of Alberta

The Socialist Party of Alberta was a provincial branch of the Socialist Party of Canada. The party formed out of a socialist movement that began with miners in the District of Alberta, Northwest Territories.

1908 Federal Election
F.H. Sherman of the Socialist Party was put forward as a candidate in this election.

As well, J. George Anderson ran on a strongly-socialist platform when he ran in this election as an Independent (farmers) candidate in the riding of Strathcona. His platform included this statement: "railroads, mines, forests, factories and such other public utilities and necessities that cannot be operated individually [by one person] must be taken over and operated by the state in the best interests of the people. We would have this but for the fact that the corporate interests control the big papers and thus queer public opinion."

1909 election
Socialist Party of Canada activists in Alberta came together with various Labor groups in the province of Alberta and ran two candidates for the first time under the Socialist banner in the 1909 Alberta general election.

George Howell ran as a Socialist in the city of Calgary but was unsuccessful.

Despite the two candidates being up against candidates belonging to the popular Liberal government led by Alexander Rutherford, the SPC made a breakthrough by electing its leader, Charles M. O'Brien, to the Legislative Assembly of Alberta in the electoral district of Rocky Mountain, which was heavily dominated by radical coalminers.

O'Brien won a tight race due to high voter turnout in the mining camps.

Defeat and decline
The party was not very well organized or funded but did run six candidates in the 1913 Alberta general election, electing none of them. Sitting MLA Charles O'Brien was defeated by Conservative candidate Robert Campbell. O'Brien doubled his vote from the previous election, but the collapse of the Liberal vote in the constituency allowed the Conservative to win. The other candidates barely made a showing.

The party also ran candidates in 1917 but made little impact.

Many of them went on to join the Dominion Labour Party (founded in 1919) and the Canadian Labour Party (founded in 1921).

Some became members of the Communist parties being established around 1920. Charles O'Brien helped found the Communist Party of the USA.

title: Socialist Party of Alberta


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File:Pleasestandup.jpg

Please Stand Up cover artwork by British Sea Power.

Fair use rationale for use in Please Stand Up

 * The image is low resolution.
 * Copies could not be used to make illegal copies of the album artwork on another CD;
 * No free equivalent is available or could be created that would adequately give the same information.
 * The image does not replace the original market role of the CD.
 * Its use here does not limit the copyright owner's rights to sell the CD in any way.
 * The image has previously been published and is freely available elsewhere on the internet.
 * The image meets general Wikipedia content requirements.
 * The image contributes significantly to the article by illustrating the subject of the article.
 * The image is significant because it was made by a famous artist.

title: File:Pleasestandup.jpg


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Arthur Bryant's

Arthur Bryant's is a restaurant located in Kansas City, Missouri. It is sometimes called the most famous barbecue restaurant in the United States.

History
In 1908, Henry Perry, the "father of Kansas City barbecue", began serving smoked meats from an alley stand to workers in the Garment District in Downtown Kansas City. Perry moved to the 18th Street and Vine neighborhood where he sold barbecue for 25 cents per slab from a trolley barn at 19th and Highland.

Charlie Bryant was an employee there and was soon joined by his brother Arthur Bryant. When Perry died in 1940, Charlie took over the restaurant and Arthur in turn took it over in 1946.

The restaurant was located for many years at 18th and Euclid Streets in the inner city neighborhood of 18th and Vine. Bryant moved the business to its present location, 1727 Brooklyn, in 1949. In the 1950s and through the early 1970s, it was visited by fans and players visiting Municipal Stadium, home to the Kansas City Athletics (1955–1967), Kansas City Chiefs (1963–1971) and Kansas City Royals (1969–1972). The stadium was located five blocks south of the restaurant until being razed in 1976.

The decor has consistently been formica tables, fluorescent lighting, and jugs of sauce placed in the windows. Its specialty is burnt ends, the flavorful end pieces of smoked beef brisket; burnt end sandwiches are served open-faced at the restaurant. Its sauce is characterized by vinegar and paprika rather than sweetness.

The restaurant gained fame over the next several decades, and notable diners include President Harry S. Truman. In 1974, it became the subject of international attention when the humorist Calvin Trillin, a native of Kansas City, "playfully extolled" it, saying "it has long been acknowledged that the single best restaurant in the world is Arthur Bryant's..." in a piece in Playboy which starts "The best restaurants in the world are, of course, in Kansas City. Not all of them; only the top four or five" and later makes fun of "Hometown Food Nostalgia". Since then, it has been frequented by famous visitors, including area resident Tom Watson, Steven Spielberg, Harrison Ford, Bryant Gumbel, Jimmy Carter, Jack Nicholson, James Spader, Bill Clinton, Barack Obama, 2008 Republican presidential nominee John McCain and running mate Sarah Palin, and barbecue aficionados.

Arthur Bryant died in 1982, and the restaurant was bought by Jerry Rauschelbach, who expanded the restaurant to the Kansas Speedway and Ameristar Casino. The location at Ameristar Casino closed in January 2014, after failing to sign a new lease with the casino.

In 2022, the restaurant requested that customers refrain from ordering its popular brisket and burnt ends due to high beef prices.

In December 2022 it was announced that both the restaurant building & business had been sold to MMD Acquisitions LLC for an undisclosed amount.

The two principal partners in the new owning company are local food industry professionals, Chris Stuewe and Andrew Miller.

title: Arthur Bryant's


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Zhostovo painting

Zhostovo painting (Russian: Жостовская роспись) is a Russian folk handicraft. It involves painting metal trays. It is practiced in the village of Zhostovo in the Moscow Oblast. It appeared in the early 19th century, mainly under the influence of the Ural handicraft of flower painting on metal. Subsequent development of Zhostovo painting handicraft was stylistically related to porcelain and enamel painting techniques, used by factories near Moscow, flower motifs on printed cotton, produced by the Ivanovo factories, and Lukutin miniatures (see Fedoskino miniatures).

History
Zhostovo handicrafts began early in the 18th century, when Ossip Filippovich Vishnyakov opened his workshop there in 1825. The Vishnyakov workshop sold products made from papier-mâché, including boxes, cigar cases, and trays.

In the 19th century, in some of Moscows's suburbs and villages of former Troitsk oblast appeared some workshops for manufacturing lacquered products made of papier-mâché. The origins of its painting technique are in Tagil painting, which appeared in the 18 century. In 1922 Novoseltsevo work artel was founded in Novoseltsevo to produce lacquered metal trays; in 1924 Zhostovo work artel and Spetskustar were founded there. Lakirovshik and Svoy trud were founded in 1925. The artels were united in 1925 to form Metallopodnos.

In the 1930s Soviet art's trend towards realism led to changes in the traditional ways, and applied to Zhostovo patterns that were made by professional artists without considering folk art. Zhostovo's lead artists resisted the pressure to abandon their traditions.

Earlier Zhostovo painting was part of the manufacture of housewares. It evolved into an independent form of decoration and craft that would become a unique style of Russian folk art, known as the Zhostovo Factory of Decorative Painting (Жостовская фабрика декоративной росписи).

Production process
Zhostovo painting is a handicraft of painting on metal trays, preliminary coated with layers of priming (putty) and oil varnish (usually, black). Painting is done in a few consecutive energetic and firm strokes with a soft brush and oil paints, richly diluted with linseed oil. The most widely used motif is mixed garden and wild flowers. Tray edges are painted with a light golden ornament called уборка (uborka). A finished tray is then covered with three layers of light lacquer and polished to brilliance.

title: Zhostovo painting


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Portal:Schools/Intro

A school (from Greek σχολεῖον - scholeion) is an institution designed to allow and encourage students (or "pupils") to learn, under the supervision of teachers. Most countries have systems of formal education, which is commonly compulsory. In these systems, students often progress through a series of schools: primary school, secondary school, and possibly a university, vocational school or a college. There are also non-governmental schools, called private or independent schools. A school may be dedicated to a particular field, such as a school of economics or a school of dance. Alternative schools and democratic education may provide nontraditional methods and curriculum, or no curriculum, as it were. In homeschooling and online schools, teaching and learning take place outside of a traditional school building. The use of the term school varies by country, as do the names of the various levels of education within the country.

title: Portal:Schools/Intro


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PH7

PH7 may refer to:

 * The center of the pH scale, describing a solution in water that is neither basic nor acidic.
 * pH7 (Peter Hammill album), an album by Peter Hammill

title: PH7


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William Dargie

Captain Sir William Alexander Dargie (4 June 1912 – 26 July 2003) was a renowned Australian painter, known especially for his portrait paintings. He won the Archibald Prize, Australia's premier award for portrait artists on eight separate occasions; a record held since 1952.

Dargie was an official Australian war artist during World War II and painted multiple portraits of Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia, as well as the official portraits of two Prime Ministers of Australia and two Governors-General of Australia. Dargie painted in a conservative style and is now largely forgotten despite his substantial artistic achievements.

Biography
William Dargie was born in Footscray, Victoria, the first son of Andrew Dargie and Adelaide (née Sargent). His younger brother, Horrie Dargie, was a noted Australian musician and harmonicist.

When he was young, he met important Australian artists such as Arthur Streeton and Tom Roberts. During World War II, he served with the Australian Army in the Middle East, New Guinea, India and Burma, rising to the rank of Captain. He was digging a trench in Tobruk, Libya, when he was informed that he had won the Archibald Prize in 1942. More than 500 of his paintings, drawings and sketches are in the collection of the Australian War Memorial, Canberra.

In December 1954, he was commissioned by Melbourne industrialist James P. Beveridge to paint Australia's official portrait of the Queen, who posed for him at Buckingham Palace. That was the first of two portraits he created of the Queen. The second, a replica of the first, was painted as "insurance" in case the first was lost in transit to Australia. The original hangs in Australia's Parliament House, while the replica is displayed in the National Museum of Australia. The "wattle painting", as it became known, was well received by the Australian public, and became one of the most recognisable and treasured examples of 20th-century Australian portraiture. Shortly after its completion, colour prints were made available and the work took on the status of official portrait.

For many postwar immigrants, that portrait was their first encounter with an artwork by an Australian artist, because it was reproduced on Australian naturalisation papers from the mid-1950s. Under the terms of the 1954 Australian Citizenship Convention, a print of the work was generally present in local town halls, where many naturalisation ceremonies took place.

Dargie painted the Duke of Edinburgh in 1956, as well as official portraits of two Australian Prime Ministers: Sir Arthur Fadden and Sir John McEwen. Other famous Australians who sat for him included Sir Charles Kingsford Smith, Dame Enid Lyons and Margaret Court. Other commissions included General John Baker, Chief of the Australian Defence Force.

He held positions on several gallery boards, serving on the Commonwealth Art Advisory Board for twenty years. Between 1946 and 1953, he was head of the Victorian Art School at the National Gallery of Victoria.

While he is best known for his portraits, he also painted other works, such as smaller interior views, landscapes and still lifes.

William Dargie died in Melbourne on 26 July 2003, aged 91, two months after the death of his wife Lady Dargie (née Kathleen Howlitt). He was a Freemason.

Archibald Prize
Dargie won the Archibald Prize more times than any other artist. His winning portraits are:

 * 1941 - Sir James Elder, KBE (Image)
 * 1942 - Corporal Jim Gordon, VC (Image)
 * 1945 - Lt-General The Hon Edmund Herring, KBC, DSO, MC, ED (Image)
 * 1946 - L C Robson, MC, MA (Image)
 * 1947 - Sir Marcus Clark, Kt., K.B.E. [sic] (Image)
 * 1950 - Sir Leslie McConnan (Image)
 * 1952 - Mr Essington Lewis, CH (Image)
 * 1956 - Mr Albert Namatjira (Image)

Honours

 * Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE), 1 January 1960, "Member of the Commonwealth Art Advisory Board"
 * Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE), 1 January 1969, "Member of the Commonwealth Art Advisory Board"
 * Knight Bachelor, 13 June 1970, "In recognition of service to the arts"
 * Centenary Medal, 1 January 2001, "For service to Australian society and art"

title: William Dargie


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Leopardstown

Leopardstown, also historically called Ballinlore, is a small suburb of Dublin in Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown, within the traditional County Dublin, Ireland. Located at the foot of the Dublin Mountains, it is a residential suburb with institutional lands and a large racecourse. It is divided by the M50 motorway, and adjoins Sandyford, Stepaside, Ballyogan, Carrickmines, Foxrock and Stillorgan.

Etymology and history
Leprosy was common in Dublin in the medieval period and in the 14th century St Stephen's Leper Hospital was built near St Stephen's Green. It was later moved out to the foothills of the Dublin Mountains to avoid infection spreading in the city. The area became known as Baile na Lobhar, "town of the lepers". This was anglicized as 'Ballinlore' and translated into English as 'Leperstown', eventually being corrupted to 'Leopardstown'.

Places of interest
Places of interest in Leopardstown include Glencairn House (the residence of the British Ambassador to Ireland), Leopardstown Park Hospital, and Burton Hall, the childhood home of Hollywood actress Kathleen Ryan.

Sports
The area is home to Leopardstown Racecourse, one of Ireland's main racecourses, along with the Curragh, as well as the Kilmacud Crokes' hurling pitch at Silverpark.

Culture
Leopardstown is mentioned in the feature film Spy Kids, a road sign for Baile an Liopaird being seen outside Machete's shop. The Bob Geldof song "The House At The Top Of The World" includes the lyric "Soon I'd come to the Leopardstown dual carriageway ... I don't remember a town being there and I never saw no leopards."

Rail
Leopardstown was formerly served by the Harcourt Street railway line from Dublin to Bray, with Foxrock serving as the nearest station. It served the nearby Leopardstown Racecourse until the line was closed in January 1959.

Today Leopardstown is served by four Luas Green Line stops: Central Park, Glencairn, The Gallops and Leopardstown Valley.

Bus
Dublin Bus routes 44, 47 and 118 and Go-Ahead Ireland routes 63 and 114 serve Leopardstown. Aircoach route 700 links Leopardstown with Dublin Airport.

title: Leopardstown


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Category:Pipridae

Pipridae is a family of the bird order Passeriformes.

title: Category:Pipridae


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Anthony Padgett

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was speedily deleted per CSD A7. Nice catch and nice prose, Erwin. FCYTravis 21:59, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

Anthony Padgett
What's in a name? That which we call a rose

By any other word would smell as sweet.

Vanity? Erwin Walsh
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.