text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of political parties in Montserrat

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was KEEP Marskell 09:01, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

List of political parties in Montserrat
A list without a list. Page admits that there will likely only be ever two political parties (which does not make for a list). Note the territory has 9500 hundred people so I don't think this page will ever be necessary. Marskell 00:05, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Weird problem where Finbarr Saunders' comment for below entry is showing up here. Cannot find it here, below or above to correct mistake. Information entropy...plz consider as below. Marskell 00:17, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep Part of a worldwide series, so necessary for completeness. Osomec 14:32, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep idem. This proposal was months ago als raised at other lists of political parties and allways rejected. Electionworld 13:46, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep You might say there are unlikely to be more parties now – but the thing with history is that it keeps changing. (Anyway, the Factbook article already lists some minor parties, so this list can be expanded directly.) Quartier Latin   1968  17:39, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Tongues Untied

Tongues Untied is a 1989 American video essay experimental documentary film directed by Marlon T. Riggs, and featuring Riggs, Essex Hemphill and Brian Freeman. The film seeks, in its author's words to, "...shatter the nation's brutalizing silence on matters of sexual and racial difference."

In 2022, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".

Content
The film blends documentary footage with personal account and poetry in an attempt to depict the specificity of Black gay identity. The "silence" referred to throughout the film is that of Black gay men, who are unable to express themselves because of the prejudices of white and black heterosexual society, as well as the white gay society.

Riggs brings awareness to the issues Black gay men face. They are excluded from gay communities because these communities are white-centered and fail to understand the intersecting identities of race and sexuality. Riggs experienced this in San Francisco, California within the Castro District, in which he states, "I was immersed in vanilla" and witnessed the absence of the Black gay image.

In addition, Riggs gives examples of media in which black men are hypersexualized for white sexual pleasure and racistly portrayed Black individuals. Black gay men are placed in a divide because their voices are excluded from these LGBTQIA+ communities, but their bodies are sexualized for white viewing pleasure.

Furthermore, Black men are supposed to represent hyper-masculinity, and when Black gay men associate with homosexuality, they are seen as being weak. With their gay identity, however, a Black man is expected to be both hyper-feminine and hyper-masculine. These are the stereotypes and stigmas that oppress black gay men.

Within their Black communities, black homophobia is also present. Riggs displays footage of church leaders preaching that gay relationships are an abomination and black political activists who consider being black and gay to be a conflict of loyalties.

The narrative structure of Tongues Untied is both non-linear and unconventional. Besides including documentary footage detailing North American Black gay culture, Riggs also tells of his own experiences as a gay man. These include the realization of his sexual identity and of coping with the deaths of many of his friends to AIDS. Other elements within the film include footage of the Civil Rights Movement and clips of Eddie Murphy performing a homophobic stand-up routine.

The documentary dealt with the simultaneous critique of the politics of racism, homophobia and exclusion as they are intertwined with contemporary sexual politics. The film is a part of a body of films and videos which examine central issues in the lives of lesbian and gay Black people. Riggs' work challenged documentary film's generic boundaries of conformity at that time.

Release and reception
At the time of its release, the film was considered controversial because of its frank portrayal of two men kissing. Presidential candidate Pat Buchanan cited Tongues Untied as an example of how President George H. W. Bush was using taxpayer's money to fund "pornographic art". In his defense, Riggs stated that, "Implicit in the much overworked rhetoric of community standards is the assumption of only one central community (patriarchal, heterosexual and usually white) and only one overarching cultural standard ditto."

Controversy over broadcast
When Tongues Untied was scheduled to be aired on the POV television series on PBS (and even before it was broadcast), it triggered a national controversy. Along with his own funds, Riggs had financed the documentary with a $5,000 grant from the Western States Regional Arts Fund, a re-granting agency funded by the National Endowment for the Arts, an independent federal agency that provides funding and support for visual, literary, and performing artists. POV also received funding from the National Endowment for the Arts in the amount of $250,000.

News of the film's impending airing sparked a national debate about whether or not it is appropriate for the federal government of the United States to fund artistic creations that offended some. Reverend Donald E. Wildmon, the president of the American Family Association, attacked PBS and the National Endowment for the Arts for airing Tongues Untied but hoped that the film would be widely seen, because he believed most Americans would find it offensive. "This will be the first time millions of Americans will have an opportunity to see the kinds of things their tax money is being spent on," he said. "This is the first time there is no third party telling them what is going on; they can see for themselves."

Riggs defended the film, saying it was meant to "shatter this nation's brutalizing silence on matters of sexual and racial difference." He observed that the widespread attack on PBS and the National Endowment for the Arts in response to the film was predictable, since "any public institution caught deviating from their puritanical morality is inexorably blasted as contributing to the nation's social decay."

Riggs said, "implicit in the much overworked rhetoric about 'community standards' is the assumption of only one central community (patriarchal, heterosexual and usually white) and only one overarching cultural standard to which television programming must necessarily appeal." Riggs stated that ironically, the censorship campaign against Tongues Untied actually brought more publicity to the film than it would have otherwise received and thus enhanced its effectiveness in challenging societal standards regarding depictions of race and sexuality.

Marc Weiss, executive producer of POV, and Jennifer Lawson, Vice President for Programming at PBS, vigorously defended the broadcast and, although some public TV stations did not air the film, many stations did, saying it should be available for people who wanted to see it.

The broadcast of the film was criticized by several conservative US Senators, who vehemently objected to using taxpayer money to fund what they believed was pornography.

At the same time, the national broadcast of Tongues Untied was applauded by many others who resoundingly defended the work, among them Norman Lear's People for the American Way.

In the 1992 Republican presidential primaries, presidential candidate Pat Buchanan cited Tongues Untied as an example of how President George H. W. Bush was investing "our tax dollars in pornographic and blasphemous art." Buchanan released an anti-Bush television advertisement for his campaign using re-edited clips from Tongues Untied that violated U.S. Copyright law. The ad was quickly removed from television channels after Riggs successfully demonstrated Buchanan's copyright infringement.

Legacy
The year 2019 marked the 30th anniversary of the release of Tongues Untied and 25 years since Riggs' death. What began as an idea formulated by Signifyin' Works President Vivian Kleiman, eventually garnered support from the Ford Foundation, and Signifyin' Works seeded international events to introduce the work to a new generation. A nine-day retrospective curated by Ashley Clark was launched at the Brooklyn Academy of Music and was entitled Race, Sex & Cinema: The World of Marlon Riggs. Discussions and panels were led by the likes of Raquel Gates, Yance Ford, Vivian Kleiman, Steven Thrasher, Katherine Cheairs, Herman Gray, and Steven G. Fullwood. In May, 2019, the Peabody Awards honored Marlon and Tongues Untied with a tribute, which Billy Porter of the award-winning FX series Pose presented. In conversation before the event with Vivian Kleiman, he noted that he saw Tongues Untied when it was broadcast on PBS, and the film changed his life and gave him his voice at an early age.

To celebrate the 30th anniversary of the Teddy Awards, the film was selected to be shown at the 66th Berlin International Film Festival in February 2016.

New York Times critic-at-large Wesley Morris wrote "Tongues Untied is Riggs's unclassifiable scrapbook of black gay male sensibility (a hallucinatory whir of style, memory, psychology).... This is storytelling that arises from joy and pain and pride (Riggs's clearest emotional forebear is James Baldwin)."

On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds a score of 100% based on 12 reviews, with an average rating of 6.4/10.

In 2022, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Tongues Untied


text:
Talk:Kaput and Zösky

Hohobans
Recently a sysop deleted an article about "Hohobans", which were described as "a fictional race of aliens in the French cartoon, Kaput and Zösky. These creatures possess the ability to reproduce by laying eggs orally. The little aliens follow the leadership of a certain being and then spew out eggs orally which hatch to resemble their leader..."

Can anybody verify this? It could be a hoax article, of course, but I thought I'd check. --Tony Sidaway Talk 00:06, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The current examples were all added at the same time by 198.188.255.2 . Hohoba was added at the same time, but has since been removed.  There are google hits for the examples of  "Mudhole" and "Gooston"  so I see no reason to think that "Hohoba" was invented by the contributor. Kappa 05:00, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

It's in the show. The episode is called "Me, me, me!" --User:KnowledgeLord

Cleanup
Does anyone have the time and energy to fix this article. It needs a clearer format for the comics and animation sections, etc.? 惑乱 Wakuran (talk) 11:13, 11 May 2009 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:K-and-Z.jpg
Image:K-and-Z.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 17:22, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:K-and-Z.jpg
Image:K-and-Z.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 22:49, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Kaput and Zösky


text:
Talk:List of historical tropical cyclone names

Major Reconstruction (East Pacific)
I've looked through all of the name lists and I think that the Atlantic name lists are the most organised. I think that all the other name lists should only contain ten years of names, then be placed in a different set. For example: 2000-2009, not 2000-2015. I think it would make it much more organised; I am currently on vacation and won't be back for awhile, it would be helpful if someone helps me with this reconstruction. STO12 (talk) 00:39, 18 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Reconstruction finished! The East Pacific names are now more organised than before. STO12 (talk) 02:02, 14 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Dare i say it, but the lists were set to 15 years by me, as i felt it was better for the sizing, so we didnt have to scroll through 6 sections of EPAC names.Jason Rees (talk) 16:24, 15 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Well we also have to scroll through several lists of names on the Atlantic portion, and especially in the Western Pacific. So if the names are to be set for a 15 year period, then all of them do, or the article wouldn't be very organised. This means that there is a lot more to fix on this article if the East Pacific needs to look that way. STO12 (talk) 02:25, 16 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Thats what i was planning to do a couple of years ago, when i expanded this article out.Jason Rees (talk) 18:59, 22 July 2012 (UTC)

Working progress
I've been working on creating a link for every storm on this article, it may take awhile, but if Someone would like to help me then that would be most appreciated. STO12 —Preceding undated comment added 19:37, 22 December 2011 (UTC).

 * Every storm name doesn't need to be linked. For storms which have separate articles, I think this is great.  But, adding links that just point to a section of the season article when the season article is already linked at the top of the column, just adds unnecessary clutter.  It's much easier for the reader to recognize when there's an article dedicated to a single storm when those are the only storm names that appear colored in their browser, and having multiple links to the same article also makes the saved version of the article unnecessarily long. LarryJeff (talk) 22:35, 9 January 2012 (UTC)

Discrepancy in Naming
In the "North Pacific east of 140W" section, "Names effective 1960-1977" subsection, the third list refers to "Aletta" but the retired list says that Adele was replaced by "Alleta". Anybody know which name is actually correct? --Quelloquialism 10:32, 7 December 2005 (UTC)

please edit this
this article is confusing and vague. Kingturtle 21:08, 24 September 2005 (UTC)

Modern Retired Names?
Shouldn't names retired from the modern lists also be listed here since they are 'old' and will not come into use again? They aren't covered here or in the hurricane naming article.

In the Atlantic, those would be:

 * David (1979)
 * Frederic (1979)
 * Allen (1980)
 * Alicia (1983)
 * Elena (1985)
 * Gloria (1985)
 * Gilbert (1988)
 * Joan (1988)
 * Hugo (1989)
 * Diana (1990)
 * Klaus (1990)
 * Bob (1991)
 * Andrew (1992)
 * Luis (1995)
 * Marilyn (1995)
 * Opal (1995)
 * Roxanne (1995)
 * Cesar (1996)
 * Fran (1996)
 * Hortense (1996)
 * Georges (1998)
 * Mitch (1998)
 * Floyd (1999)
 * Lenny (1999)
 * Keith (2000)
 * Allison (2001)
 * Iris (2001)
 * Michelle (2001)
 * Isidore (2002)
 * Lili (2002)
 * Fabian (2003)
 * Isabel (2003)
 * Juan (2003)
 * Charley (2004)
 * Frances (2004)
 * Ivan (2004)
 * Jeanne (2004)
 * Modern names should be in this list from all past tropical cyclone seasons. Thegreatdr (talk) 18:57, 3 January 2009 (UTC)

EPAC 1960-1967
Most of the names were taken straight from here. I don't see why it is disputed. Hurricanehink 22:13, 21 December 2005 (UTC)
 * I dispute it for these reasons:
 * It says that Irena was retired, yet I can find no mention of the name Irena being used anywhere at this ATWC site.
 * The statement that name Hazel was retired because of the Atlantic storm. If that is true, why were Ione and Connie used at a later date when they were retired? They were also retired in the Atlantic. And what is the source for that info?
 * Unisys reveals that the Annette-Willa list was used 1960-62. When Willa was reached during the 1962 season, the Ava-Wallie list was used until 1965. When Wallie was reached that year, the same list was restarted until Hazel ended the year.
 * Why is Kathleen listed as retired/replaced? I can't find any notice of that being true.

 * This is why I dispute the accuracy of this section. Miss Michelle | Talk to Michelle 22:43, 21 December 2005 (UTC)

Southern Hemisphere tropical cyclones
How can we find the old name lists of Southern Hemisphere tropical cyclones ? There is less information about this basin than other basins. --HERB 13:11, 13 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Use the BOM database Jason Rees (talk) 21:27, 28 March 2009 (UTC)

Rename?
I think this article should be renamed List of historic tropical cyclone names be cause that's what it really is. The word "previous" implies recency. These names are historic: ones from...history. I think the name should reflect that. -- §  Hurricane  E  RIC  §Damages archive 03:25, 19 February 2006 (UTC)

 * I agree with that, and your logic is perfect. Full support. Hurricanehink 03:29, 19 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Done since no objections were raised over the past 4 months. Thegreatdr 18:41, 9 June 2006 (UTC)

Todo
This is just a disorganized and unstructured list of lists... Jdorje 20:16, 13 January 2006 (UTC)
 * We're working on that, and the referencing. Thegreatdr (talk) 02:05, 5 January 2009 (UTC)

Philippine Lists
Is the sets used from 2001 to 2004 is the same as to 2005 afterwards? If yes, kindly change from 2004 to Present in a title for the usage of the set that was effective since 2001. --Frj1947 17:22, 13 May 2006 (UTC)
 * It is not the same since the name list have been revised in late 2004 with for starters Wang-Wang was replace by Weng (there was also a revision in May 2005 but it concern only about the name Undang which is replace by Urduja, since the former is suppose to be retired). It is best to compare both list and see that there are big changes in the names use. 15 May 2006
 * My mistake the revision was started in late 2003 but there was major revision in 2004 and a minor one in 2005.

Eastern Pacific List
I read somewhere before that the First Eastern Pacific Hurricane name list from 1960 consist of 4 list with rules applying to the list the same as the Western Pacific (meaning use running sequentially). In 1966 this was change to starting with A every year just as the Atlantic List but still maintaining the old list that was before. Can anyone please clarify that information? 29 May 2006
 * You are right, but there was only two lists- all female names. Then in 1966, 4 lists of all female names were used until the beginning of the 1978 Pacific hurricane season where they began to alternate male and female names in four lists until 1982 where they added two more lists to bring it to six lists which are still being used today. --#  Yue ' of the ' North   21:28, 30 April 2010 (UTC)

Australian names
Here's a WMO source for all Australian region retirees: Tito xd (?!?) 05:09, 28 November 2006 (UTC)

Tropical Cyclone seasons that need sourcing (2013 Update)

 * Atlantic - 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997.Jason Rees (talk) 02:39, 12 August 2013 (UTC)
 * Eastern Pacific - 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997
 * Central Pacific - All sourced.Jason Rees (talk) 16:06, 27 May 2014 (UTC)
 * Western Pacific -
 * PAGASA - 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997.Jason Rees (talk) 02:12, 12 August 2013 (UTC)
 * North Indian Ocean - All names should be sourced.Jason Rees (talk) 01:08, 12 August 2013 (UTC)
 * SWIO - All names are sourced, however, if better sources for 1959-60, 1960-61 and 1963-64 SWIO seasons come along so much the better.
 * AUS - 1978-79, 1992-93
 * SPAC - All names should be sourced.Jason Rees (talk) 01:08, 12 August 2013 (UTC)
 * What happened? I had all the Atlantic seasons referenced, using Mariners Weather Log if I remember correctly.  Check out this version, which is about 1000 versions back.  =/ Thegreatdr (talk) 15:16, 27 May 2014 (UTC)
 * From what i remember the references were removed since the general purpose of this list, changed from all lists of names to names that have been used. I am ideally after references that contain names used for either several years or a couple of basins. I will double check the MWL's too see if any of the issues qualify. Jason Rees (talk) 16:06, 27 May 2014 (UTC)
 * MWL's should be usable, though they should shift to issues from the following spring. Then again, so could Monthly Weather Review.  Thegreatdr (talk) 19:34, 27 May 2014 (UTC)
 * Yeah while both publications are useable, i just want to be careful with what references are added in order to keep the page size down. For example the Aus/SPAC seasons are cited back to the Australian Met Magazine up until 1998-99, when we start using the Padgett/Young end of year summaries for both hemispheres rather than continuing with the AMM or some other source.Jason Rees (talk) 01:52, 28 May 2014 (UTC)

Separating these..?
This article is getting squishy and long like the old similar article we had before. I think that we should separate these into something like: List of historic Eastern Pacific names etc. It is more better and cleaner. Typhoon2013 (talk) 04:02, 15 January 2016 (UTC)
 * While this article is rather long - I would rather not split it off into subarticles as i doubt there is enough information around for them. I suspect that your recent change to the layout of the CPAC may have influenced on your opinion, but i RVd it as it is better to have it as one single table/section rather than in two or three single sections. If the CPAC ever becomes active enough with 10 or more systems per year then we can revisit the format.Jason Rees (talk) 21:04, 15 January 2016 (UTC)
 * Well, what if, for example, we are already in the mid-2020s and we have a whole lot of storms with the same article and format? Typhoon2013  (talk) 23:48, 15 January 2016 (UTC)
 * Again if we need to in the future we can revisit the format, but at the present time i see no reasons for changing it.Jason Rees (talk) 16:08, 17 January 2016 (UTC)

I think it's more useful having everything on one page. That way, you can look up a name with the find function (control + F) and see all of the names worldwide. Plenty of people are curious whether their name has ever been used. It's also possible people might remember a storm name being used but couldn't remember where (very possible in Atlantic vs. EPAC). ♫ Hurricanehink ( talk ) 18:56, 18 January 2016 (UTC)
 * Sorry for a late response, I wanted to go back here again thats why. But what happened to the previous/old format where we just have all the names in one table? It would be easier finding the name because it's in alphabetical order. Typhoon2013  (talk) 07:09, 16 March 2017 (UTC)
 * It would be a lot harder to source though as generally there are no sources stating that the name Jason was only used once throughout the world for example.Jason Rees (talk) 09:27, 16 March 2017 (UTC)
 * I think we could use both. Keep this as a main list, and make a new series that goes alphabetically, such as List of named storms (U–Z). Hurricanehink mobile (talk) 17:01, 16 March 2017 (UTC)

Tahitian cyclone names
I noticed while going through the South Pacific cyclone season articles today that in and around the 80s, cyclones in the far eastern South Pacific were named by the Tahitian met service. There is minimal indication in the articles that that was the case but I found out by snooping around and a bit of inferences. I find it interesting that the way regions of naming and even the official basins have changed throughout history, but many different pages are very present-based with no indication of how cyclones were monitored in the past. It can be quite confusing sometimes.

I also came to this page to see that only some of the Tahitian names were in the South Pacific section, some are missing e.g. Diola (1980-81). Would it be a good idea to have the Tahitian names in their own separate subsection (under the South Pacific) to somehow indicate this? In addition, I think quite a lot could be written about the history of these agency changes but there's not much in the southern hemisphere regions, where it gets especially interesting, with sparse data/other sources mentioning it. atomic 77  32  10:56, 8 June 2016 (UTC)
 * Tahiti and New Caledonia have indeed named tropical cyclones within the Southern Pacific in the past, but I am not 100% certain on there is very little sourcing available to back the history of naming in this region up. However, I suspect if we were to look in to meteorology in general in the region and looked into leads like the South Pacific Air Transport Council and the New Zealand Meteorological Service then the history would become clearer. However, getting back to this article, I feel that separating the Tahiti names out would not be a wise idea, since it is just an insignificant agency that named a few tropical cyclones for a few years. I will double check a sources I have available to me to see what names are missing from Tahiti.Jason Rees (talk) 08:51, 9 June 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 4 one external links on List of historic tropical cyclone names. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://dynasmon.fortunecity.com/PAGASA.html
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/genmet/rpnames.html
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.newsflash.org/2004/02/hl/hl109287.htm
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.bom.gov.au/cyclone/faq/index.shtml

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 10:32, 4 July 2016 (UTC)

Historic vs. Historical
This article should actually be named "List of historical tropical cyclone names", as the word "historic" refers to things of great historical significance, whereas "historical" simply means something that happened in the past. This is not a major difference, but still good to fix. Since there's no separate page on historic (i.e. major) historical storms, a redirect can be setup to avoid breaking links. Any objections? Tfocker4 (talk) 15:57, 19 May 2017 (UTC)

 * , I agree: the intended meaning is 'names used in the past' rather than 'names of significant cyclones'.  Quasar G  t - c 11:00, 21 May 2017 (UTC)
 * Support - a good idea.Jason Rees (talk) 13:03, 21 May 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 33 external links on List of historic tropical cyclone names. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive http://www.webcitation.org/5tItxgNYc?url=http://australiasevereweather.com/cyclones/2008/summ0707.htm to http://australiasevereweather.com/cyclones/2008/summ0707.htm
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.ofcm.gov/ihc10/actionitems.pdf
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/tcp/documents/FINAL-REPORT-HC-28.pdf
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/tcp/documents/FINALREPORT_HC-32_en.pdf
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://australiasevereweather.com/cyclones/2008/summ0711a.htm
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/tcp/Storm-naming.html
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a800243.pdf
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/general/lib/lib1/nhclib/Publications/NatHurricaneOpsPlans/HOPs-1980.pdf
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.ofcm.gov/homepage/text/spc_proj/ihc/action-items.pdf
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://dynasmon.fortunecity.com/PAGASA.html
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/genmet/rpnames.html
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.newsflash.org/2004/02/hl/hl109287.htm
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.typhoon2000.ph/stormstats/1963-1988_PTC.txt
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://baseportal.com/cgi-bin/baseportal.pl?htx=%2Fmiso%2Ftyphoons&range=120%2C20
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://baseportal.com/cgi-bin/baseportal.pl?htx=%2Fmiso%2Ftyphoons&range=100%2C20
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/images/pdf/publications/annual-rsmc-report/rsmc-2009.pdf
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.unisdr.org/wcdr/preparatory-process/meetings/docs/WMO-ESCAP-Tropical-Cyclones.pdf
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/tcp/documents/PTC32FinalReport.pdf
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://metservice.intnet.mu/tropical-cyclone/warning-system.php
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/faq/FAQ_Ang_B.html
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://madarevues.recherches.gov.mg/IMG/pdf/rev-geo20_9_.pdf
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://madarevues.recherches.gov.mg/IMG/pdf/rev-geo23_11_.pdf
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://madarevues.recherches.gov.mg/IMG/pdf/rev-geo24_6_.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120301180620/http://madarevues.recherches.gov.mg/revues/pdfxfiles/rev-geo42%287%29.pdf to http://madarevues.recherches.gov.mg/revues/pdfxfiles/rev-geo42%287%29.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120301180620/http://madarevues.recherches.gov.mg/revues/pdfxfiles/rev-geo42%287%29.pdf to http://madarevues.recherches.gov.mg/revues/pdfxfiles/rev-geo42%287%29.pdf
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/tcp/documents/TCP24_RAVOpPlan_2012.pdf
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.bom.gov.au/cyclone/faq/index.shtml
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.bom.gov.au/amm/docs/2000/chappel.pdf
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://docs.niwa.co.nz/library/public/nzmsmp148.pdf
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://australiasevereweather.com/cyclones/2004/summ0403.htm
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.australiasevereweather.com/cyclones/2010/trak1003.htm
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.mar.mil.br/dhn/dhn/downloads/normam/normam_19.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080626191441/http://maritim.bmg.go.id/cyclones/IDJ23200.html to http://maritim.bmg.go.id/cyclones/IDJ23200.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 19:26, 21 May 2017 (UTC)

WPAC Names
You are not allowed to publish the WPAC International names for the rest of this year and future years onto this list per the wikipedia rules on Original Research.Jason Rees (talk) 09:40, 8 November 2017 (UTC)
 * Well ok sure. But just to note I may revert most of your edit(s) as I liked my version because it separates the naming eras of the 20th and 21st centuries. Typhoon2013  (talk) 10:37, 8 November 2017 (UTC)
 * Except it didnt and while it would be nice to seperate the names into pre and post 2000 - i would rather keep it to 15 year blocks for now.Jason Rees (talk) 11:23, 8 November 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on List of historic tropical cyclone names. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110722175641/http://madarevues.recherches.gov.mg/revues/pdfxfiles/rev-geo38(7).pdf to http://madarevues.recherches.gov.mg/revues/pdfxfiles/rev-geo38%287%29.pdf

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 00:42, 21 November 2017 (UTC)

External links modified (January 2018)
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 3 external links on List of historic tropical cyclone names. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110722180809/http://madarevues.recherches.gov.mg/revues/pdfxfiles/rev-geo23(10).pdf to http://madarevues.recherches.gov.mg/revues/pdfxfiles/rev-geo23%2810%29.pdf
 * Added tag to http://madarevues.recherches.gov.mg/revues/pdfxfiles/rev-geo28%285%29.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110722175912/http://madarevues.recherches.gov.mg/revues/pdfxfiles/rev-geo30(6).pdf to http://madarevues.recherches.gov.mg/revues/pdfxfiles/rev-geo30%286%29.pdf
 * Added tag to http://madarevues.recherches.gov.mg/revues/pdfxfiles/rev-geo32%287%29.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110722180532/http://madarevues.recherches.gov.mg/revues/pdfxfiles/rev-geo41(5).pdf to http://madarevues.recherches.gov.mg/revues/pdfxfiles/rev-geo41%285%29.pdf

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 03:58, 25 January 2018 (UTC)

Full namelists for South-West Indian Ocean cyclone seasons from 1959-60 to 1991-92?
The South-West Indian Ocean basin, like the North Atlantic and North-East Pacific (1966-date) basins, uses yearly namelists. However, while NATL and EPAC have recycled names and namelists from time to time while retiring a few names for obvious reasons (now doing so in six-year cycles since 1979), it looks like SWIO has hardly ever reused a single name (Anita being perhaps the only one, used in 1967-68 and 2006-07 seasons), and since the SWIO seasons' articles here do not mention any available-but-unused names (except the 1983-84 season and 1992-93 onwards), it is not obvious to me whether any unused pre-1992-93 names were recycled from one year to another.

Does anybody here know where could someone find the full namelists ever used by MFR (including all unused names) for all seasons before 1992-93?

Also, according to Tropical cyclone naming, since the 2000-01 season namelists are cycled every three years (retiring only those names that got to be used), although that is not even quite obvious since even many unused names are not being recycled for subsequent years (only unused names Savana thru Zanele from 2009-10 season have survived to this day, being present in the current 2018-19 list, whereas Kanja thru Rahim from 2009-10, though never assigned before, did not make it back into 2018-19). So it seems this so-called "three year cycling" of namelists is not holding up. SilSinn9821 (talk) 07:52, 13 November 2018 (UTC)
 * Appologies I have only just had chance to read through your post fully. The rotating of unused names in the SWIO has only been in place since the  RA I TCC in 2015 not 2000-01. As for where to find lists of names, try looking through old journals like the mariner weather logs or metmar - in fact I think if you are lucky you might find some of the lists sourced in the history of this article.Jason Rees (talk) 00:07, 16 November 2018 (UTC)

Splitting Australian region's tables according to separate naming lists (current and historical)
The historical cyclone names mentioned in List of historical tropical cyclone names are listed in a rather awkward manner, with all three historical pre-2008-09 Australian namelists (Western, Northern, and Eastern) interleaved together, thus making it hard to discern at first glance which names came from the West set of namelists, which from the North list-set, and which from the East list-set. Should the tables be split into three subsections according to the sub-regions where the cyclones were named?

Also, I believe Indonesian names (including Durga) and also Papua New Guinean ones should be listed separately in a manner similar to that done for Hawaiian names in List of historical tropical cyclone names, since Indonesian- and PNG-named cyclones are about as rare as Hawaiian-named storms and hurricanes. So, in summary, I believe this section should be split into five six subsections: Western Australia (pre-2008-09), Northern Australia (pre-2008-09), Eastern Australia (pre-2008-09), Australia (post-2008-09), and Indonesia, and Papua New Guinea ; and whenever Papua New Guinean names make their debut, a sixth subsection may be added. -- SilSinn9821 (talk) 18:23, 22 November 2018 (UTC) (edited by SilSinn9821 (talk) 01:23, 23 November 2018 (UTC))

 * I am in two minds about this proposal as it is an interesting proposal that is worth thinking about, however, I am leaning towards oppose for various reasons. The CPAC names are split up from the EPAC names in this list because it is officially a separate basin, we just lump it in with EPAC in the season articles since most systems in the CPAC originate from the EPAC. Each of the five TCWC's in the Australian region which have named tropical cyclones (Jakarta, Perth, Darwin, PNG, Brisbane) are not considered to be separate basins as far as I know. In fact, I will note that the seasonal summaries from the BoM did not split them up by who named them and just wrote about each cyclone in chronological order. I am also not sure how we would cite that Darwin named X that was near their border with Brisbane/Perth without going into the realms of original research and more references then we really need.Jason Rees (talk) 02:23, 23 November 2018 (UTC)
 * OK, since there is no readily available info on who named what in pre-2008 Australia, then splitting pre-2008 Australian names into three groups would be hopelessly impossible for now. So at least the idea of spinning off separate tables for Indonesia and PNG could be considered. When I said above that they "should be listed separately in a manner similar to that done for Hawaiian names […]", I wasn't really meaning to list them in separate sections (== ==) outside List of historical tropical cyclone names (they should be instead in subsections (=== ===) within "List of historical tropical cyclone names#Australian Region"), I was actually meaning that their proposed tables would be formatted similarly to the Hawaiian table in that the namelists would not be formatted in seasonal columns (like the NATL, EPAC, WPAC, etc. tables) but rather as a continuous row or two like the CPAC and SATL tables. For the Indonesian case, the proposed table would look like this:

 * and something similar for PNG. --SilSinn9821 (talk) 04:41, 23 November 2018 (UTC)
 * Yeah I was aware of what you meant which is why i thought it was an interesting proposal, however, as I said the seasonal summaries from the BoM, did not split them up by who named them and just wrote about each cyclone in chronological order. I am also really not sure that it is worth it at the moment to split them up as there are less than 20 names on each list and are not used often enough to really justify a seperatre subsection in my opinon.Jason Rees (talk) 14:06, 23 November 2018 (UTC)
 * Well, then allow me to offer an alternative, less-disruptive solution in the interim: color-shade the backgrounds of table cells containing Indonesian and Papuan names while keeping Australian-name cells (even the ancient ones) with their default white coloring. The section's overall layout would remain the same for now; only background colors for 13 cells or so (out of hundreds) would change. The only debate would be choosing what color for Indonesia and what color for PNG; both colors would need to be light enough to guarantee text legibility (especially text rendering as wikilinks). --SilSinn9821 (talk) 16:58, 23 November 2018 (UTC)
 * (P.S. can you please put a space before your four-tilde signature, so that it doesn't drag the last word to a new line whenever a line break occurs?)
 * I really do not see the need to be indicate which names were named by which warning centres and I am not sure that other editors would either. We dont seperate other basins in to Mauritus, Madagascar, Fiji, New Caledonia, French Polynesia and New Zealand.Jason Rees (talk) 13:46, 24 November 2018 (UTC)
 * The case of Mauritius-Madagascar is different because they share a common set of namelists (unlike Australia-Indonesia-PNG where we are talking about three distinct concurrent sets of namelists) ; the same could be said of Fiji-NewCaledonia-FrenchPolynesia-NewZealand where a common namelist is used (Tahiti may be a different case as pointed out by another Wikipedian above, but with scant info about it, nothing can be done about it for now) . --SilSinn9821 (talk) 08:05, 30 November 2018 (UTC)

The more and more I think about this proposal the more I wonder how far into detail, we want to go into details like who named what system and I would like to hear from other editors about it. Jason Rees (talk) 15:20, 3 December 2018 (UTC)
 * Yes, I totally agree. What would they think of this? Their input would be greatly appreciated, since Wikipedia relies on consensus from not just two editors (you and me), but almost everyone previously involved in this useful page who is still willing to express his/her input. --SilSinn9821 (talk) 06:20, 8 December 2018 (UTC)
 * As for SPAC, we know that Fiji and NZ share a common set of namelists too (I believe all the SPAC names in this article came from that common namelist set). I am not sure about New Caledonia (does it use the same FMS lists, or does it have its own, super-rare list?). Somewhere else in this talkpage, someone had said Tahiti (which I think is part of French Polynesia) had a separate namelist (unlisted in this article because of lack of information or sources), which would make SPAC a little bit similar to AUSR in that more than one concurrent set of namelists is used within a basin. Or maybe the SPAC case could be more similar to the WPAC case instead: perhaps some of the systems separately named by Tahiti (using its own namelist) were already known to Fiji and NZ under FMS names already listed here (in the same way that many PAGASA-named systems are already known to other WPAC nations under JMA names). But with very little info or sourcing readily available about this, nothing can be done about it, so I would leave the SPAC section unchanged/unsplit. --SilSinn9821 (talk) 18:14, 8 December 2018 (UTC)

PAGASA names in a section of their own, rather than a subsection within WPAC?
And talking about sections, why are PAGASA names listed in a section of their own (== Philippines ==), separate from List of historical tropical cyclone names, when Philippines isn't a separate basin but a member of WPAC? Shouldn't such section be rather a subsection (=== Philippines ===) within "List of historical tropical cyclone names#Western North Pacific"? --SilSinn9821 (talk) 04:43, 23 November 2018 (UTC)
 * I think its just the way the list was developed and has evolved. Should we make it a subsection of WPAC? Probably not since the list would just get burried and confuse the reader.Jason Rees (talk) 13:38, 23 November 2018 (UTC)

Classic SWIO names sound a lot like JTWC names
Many of the pre-2000 names used in SWIO sound more English than French (in spite of that basin being MFR territory from the beginning). It begs the question as to whether the names used during that period were devised by MFR alone or whether JTWC (given the U.S. military presence in the Diego Garcia archipelago) actually lent a hand there, given JTWC’s known history of naming storms in WPAC until 2000 (when JMA took over that duty there). --SilSinn9821 (talk) 18:36, 8 December 2018 (UTC)
 * I dont know the answer to your latest question, however, I would remind you that MFR doesnt name systems themselves.Jason Rees (talk) 00:31, 9 December 2018 (UTC)

European windstorm names
Would it be appropriate if I add european windstorm names in this article but it wouldn’t be TROPICAL CYCLONES, right? So if inappropriate or appropriate, reply and I would then add/do nothing with this article. 223.239.62.139 (talk) 13:47, 4 February 2023 (UTC) 223.239.62.139 (talk) 13:47, 4 February 2023 (UTC)
 * As one of the primary editors of this list I have wondered about adding them in and renaming this article to something like List of historical weather system names, but I haven't been able to make any firm conclusions as there are two schools of thought. The first school of thought is to add them in and rename the article to something like List of historical weather system names, which would enable people to be able to see what names have been assigned to weather systems over the years. Without wishing to open the debate over such systems, we also have to remember that some of the named systems are probably tropical cyclones especially down in Greece. The other school of thought though is that this article at 200 227 bytes is too large to accommodate even more names and thus we should look at creating a couple of new lists, that cover non-tropical cyclone names including The Weather Channel's names, FU Berlin's names and the names assigned by the European Met Agencies to warn of various events.Jason Rees (talk) 00:00, 5 February 2023 (UTC)
 * Adding something that would alter the scope and title of the article seems excessive. I'd certainly support a second(ary) article with other names as you suggest. doktorb wordsdeeds 09:51, 5 February 2023 (UTC)
 * The second school of thought is better… 223.187.249.215 talkcontribts 12:47, 5 February 2023 (UTC)

Southeast Pacific storm names
Even though all storm names given to Southeast Pacific storms are unofficial, do they deserve to be mentioned on this article? I made a table for the storms (shown above) for Southeast Pacific storms. South Atlantic name (which are in the article) are technically unofficial as the South Atlantic is an unofficial basin, so there is a a precedent for unofficial names. Infinity (talk - contributions) 20:48, 15 April 2023 (UTC)

 * I think so… 110.224.98.130 (talk) 14:47, 19 April 2023 (UTC)
 * My view is that the names Katie and Lexi were not assigned by a meteorological service and thus we would be putting far to much weight on them if we were to include them in this article. We also have to remember that weather systems around the globe have been unofficially assigned names before the start of each naming scheme. As a result we should either include them all or none at all.


text:
Margaret Stevenson

Margaret Stevenson (c.1807 – 28 September 1874) was an English Australian writer. She was well known as a satirist and columnist in Adelaide where she wrote under the pseudonym "A Colonist" for the South Australian Gazette and Colonial Register.

She married George Stevenson in 1836.

title: Margaret Stevenson


text:
Wonder Nine

A Wonder Nine is a semi-automatic pistol chambered in 9×19mm Parabellum with a staggered column magazine and a double-action trigger for at least the first shot.

During the 90s most American police departments were still using revolvers, with the majority chambered in either .38 Special or .357 Magnum.

The simplicity of being able to fire the first shot just by pulling the trigger (a prominent feature of double-action revolvers), larger ammunition capacity, and faster reloading of ammunition with the use of box magazines are the "wonderful" features of a semi-automatic pistol.

Examples include the Heckler & Koch VP70 (1970), Smith & Wesson Model 59 (1971 ), CZ-75 (1975), Star Model 28 (1975), Beretta 92 (1976), Steyr GB (1981), Glock 17 (1982), FN HP DA (1982), SIG Sauer P226 (1984), Ruger P85 (1985), Walther P88 (1988), IWI Jericho 941 (1990), Vektor SP1 (1992), Heckler & Koch USP (1993), Bersa Thunder 9 (1994), Walther P99 (1997), and Steyr M (1999).

title: Wonder Nine


text:
Eva Hesse

Eva Hesse (January 11, 1936 – May 29, 1970) was a German-born American sculptor known for her pioneering work in materials such as latex, fiberglass, and plastics. She is one of the artists who ushered in the postminimal art movement in the 1960s.

Life
Hesse was born into a family of observant Jews in Hamburg, Germany, on January 11, 1936. When Hesse was two years old in December 1938, her parents, hoping to flee from Nazi Germany, sent Hesse and her older sister, Helen Hesse Charash, to the Netherlands. They were aboard one of the last Kindertransport trains.

After almost six months of separation, the reunited family moved to England and then, in 1939, emigrated to New York City where they settled into Manhattan's Washington Heights. In 1944, Hesse's parents separated; her father remarried in 1945 and her mother committed suicide in 1946. In 1961, Hesse met and married sculptor Tom Doyle (1928–2016); they divorced in 1966.

In October 1969, she was diagnosed with a brain tumor, and she died on Friday, May 29, 1970, after three failed operations within a year. Her death at the age of 34 ended a career that would become highly influential, despite spanning only a decade.

Career
Hesse graduated from New York's School of Industrial Art at the age of 16, and in 1952 she enrolled in the Pratt Institute of Design. She dropped out only a year later. When Hesse was 18, she interned at Seventeen magazine. During this time she also took classes at the Art Students League. From 1954–57 she studied at Cooper Union and in 1959 she received her BA from Yale University. While at Yale, Hesse studied under Josef Albers and was heavily influenced by Abstract Expressionism.

After Yale, Hesse returned to New York, where she became friends with many other young minimalist artists, including Sol LeWitt, Donald Judd, Yayoi Kusama, and others. Her close friendship with Sol LeWitt continued until the end of her life. The two frequently wrote to one another, and in 1965 LeWitt famously counseled a young doubting Eva to "Stop [thinking] and just DO!" Both Hesse and LeWitt went on to become influential artists; their friendship stimulated the artistic development of their work.

In November 1961, Eva Hesse married fellow sculptor Tom Doyle. In August 1962, Eva Hesse and Tom Doyle participated in an Allan Kaprow Happening at the Art Students League of New York in Woodstock, New York. There Hesse made her first three-dimensional piece: a costume for the Happening. In 1963, Eva Hesse had a one-person show of works on paper at the Allan Stone Gallery on New York's Upper East Side. By 1965 the two had moved to Germany so that Doyle could pursue an artist's residency from German industrialist and collector Friedrich Arnhard Scheidt, a move Hesse was not happy about. Hesse and Doyle, whose marriage was by then falling apart, lived and worked in an abandoned textile mill in Kettwig-on-the-Ruhr near Essen for about a year.. The building still contained machine parts, tools, and materials from its previous use and the angular forms of these disused machines and tools served as inspiration for Hesse's mechanical drawings and paintings. Her first sculpture was a relief titled Ringaround Arosie, which featured cloth-covered cord, electrical wire, and masonite. This year in Germany marked a turning point in Hesse's career. From here on she would continue to make sculptures, which became the primary focus of her work. Returning to New York City in 1965, she began working and experimenting with the unconventional materials that would become characteristic of her ouptut: latex, fiberglass, and plastic.

Methods, materials, and processes
Hesse's early work (1960–65) consisted primarily of abstract drawings and paintings. She is better known for her sculptures and because of this, her drawings are often regarded as preliminary steps to her later work. However, she created most of her drawings as a separate body of work. She stated, "they were related because they were mine but they weren't related in one completing the other." Hesse's interest in latex as a medium for sculptural forms had to do with immediacy. Art critic John Keats stated: "immediacy may be one of the prime reasons Hesse was attracted to latex". Hesse's first two works using latex, Schema and Sequel (1967–68), use latex in a way never imagined by the manufacturer. In her artwork Untitled (Rope Piece), Hesse employed industrial latex and once it was hardened, she hung it on the wall and ceiling using wire."Industrial latex was meant for casting. Hesse handled it like house paint, brushing layer upon layer to build up a surface that was smooth yet irregular, ragged at the edges like deckled paper."

Hesse's work often employs multiple forms of similar shapes organized together in grid structures or clusters. Retaining some of the defining forms of minimalism, modularity, and the use of unconventional materials, she created eccentric work that was repetitive and labor-intensive. Her work Contingent from 1968 is an ideal example of this concept. And in a statement on her work, Hesse described her piece entitled Hang-Up as "...the first time my idea of absurdity or extreme feeling came through...The whole thing is absolutely rigid, neat cord around the entire thing... It is extreme and that is why I like it and don't like it... It is the most ridiculous structure that I ever made and that is why it is really good".

Postminimalism and feminism
Eva Hesse is associated with the Postminimal art movement. Arthur Danto distinguished post-minimalism from minimalism by its "mirth and jokiness," its "unmistakable whiff of eroticism," and its "nonmechanical repetition."

Hesse worked and sometimes competed with her male counterparts in post-minimalist art, a primarily male-dominated movement. Many feminist art historians have noted how her work successfully illuminates women's issues while refraining from any obvious political agenda. She revealed, in a letter to Ethelyn Honig (1965), that a woman is "at disadvantage from the beginning… She lacks conviction that she has the 'right' to achievement. She also lacks the belief that her achievements are worthy". She continued to explain that, "a fantastic strength is necessary and courage. I dwell on this all the time. My determination and will are strong but I am lacking so in self-esteem that I never seem to overcome." Hesse denied her work was strictly feminist, defending it as feminine but without feminist statements in mind. In an interview with Cindy Nemser for Woman's Art Journal (1970), she stated, "The way to beat discrimination in art is by art. Excellence has no sex."

Visual and critical analysis
Hesse's work often shows minimal physical manipulation of a material while simultaneously completely transforming the meaning it conveys. This simplicity and complexity has evoked controversy among art historians. Debate has focussed on which pieces should be considered complete and finished works, and which are studies, sketches, or models for future works. Hesse's drawings have often been noted as drafts for later sculptures, but Hesse herself disavowed any strong connection. Her work is often described as anti-form, i.e. a resistance to uniformity. Her work embodies elements of minimalism in its simple shapes, delicate lines, and limited color palette. Barry Schwabsky described her work for the Camden Arts Centre in London: "Things folded, things piled, things twisted, things wound and unwound; tangled things, blunt things to connect to; materials that have a congealed look, materials that seem lost or discarded or mistreated; shapes that look like they should have been made of flesh and shapes, that look like they might be made of flesh but should not have been – you can look at these things, these materials, these shapes, and feel the shudder of an unnamable nanosensation, or you can let your eye pass by them without reaction; maybe you can do both at once." All of her work, and especially her drawings, are based on repetition and simple progressions.

Preservation of artworks
There has been ongoing discussion about how best to preserve Eva Hesse's sculptures. With the exception of fiberglass, most of her favored materials have aged badly, so much of her work presents conservators with an enormous challenge. Arthur Danto, writing of the Jewish Museum's 2006 retrospective, refers to "the discolorations, the slackness in the membrane-like latex, the palpable aging of the material… Yet, somehow the work does not feel tragic. Instead, it is full of life, of eros, even of comedy… Each piece in the show vibrates with originality and mischief."

In some cases, her work is damaged beyond presentation. For instance, Sans III can no longer be exhibited to the public because the latex boxes have curled in on themselves and crumbled. Hesse's close friend Sol LeWitt argued for steps for active conservation, "She wanted her work to last ... She certainly didn't have the attitude that she would mutely sit by and let it disintegrate before her eyes." LeWitt's response is supported by many of Hesse's other friends and colleagues. However, Hesse's dedication to material and process contradicts her intention for these works to attain permanency. When discussing this topic with collectors in mind, she wrote, "At this point, I feel a little guilty when people want to buy it. I think they know but I want to write them a letter and say it's not going to last. I am not sure what my stand on lasting really is. Part of me feels that it's superfluous and if I need to use rubber that is more important. Life doesn't last; art doesn't last."

Legacy
Her art is often viewed in the context of the many struggles of her life. This includes escaping from the Nazis, her parents' divorce, the suicide of her mother when she was 10, her failed marriage, and the death of her father. A 2016 documentary entitled Eva Hesse, premiered in New York, illustrated her painful background. Directed by Marcie Begleiter, the film tells the story of Hesse's "tragically foreshortened life". It "focuses on those years of artistic emergence, a period of rapid development and furious productivity, with few parallels in the history of art."

While experiences no doubt had profound impressions on Hesse, the true impact of her artwork has been her formal, artistic invention: for example, her inventive uses of material, her contemporary response to the minimalist movement, and her ability to usher in the postmodern and postminimalist art movements. Arthur Danto connects the two by describing her as "cop[ing] with emotional chaos by reinventing sculpture through aesthetic insubordination, playing with worthless material amid the industrial ruins of a defeated nation that, only two decades earlier, would have murdered her without a second thought."

Hesse was among the first artists of the 1960s to experiment with the fluid contours of the organic world of nature, as well as the simplest of artistic gestures. Some observers see in these qualities latent, proto-feminist references to the female body; others find in Hesse's languid forms expressions of wit, whimsy, and a sense of spontaneous invention with casually found, or "everyday" materials. Prominent artists that have noted her as a primary influence include Japanese artist Eiji Sumi

Exhibitions
In 1961, Hesse's gouache paintings were exhibited in Brooklyn Museum's 21st International Watercolor Biennial. Simultaneously, she showed her drawings in the John Heller Gallery exhibition Drawings: Three Young Americans. In August 1962, she and Tom Doyle participated in an Allan Kaprow Happening at the Art Students League of New York in Woodstock, New York. In 1963, Hesse had a one-person show of works on paper at the Allan Stone Gallery on New York's Upper East Side. Her first solo show of sculpture was presented at the Kunstverein für die Rheinlande und Westfalen, Düsseldorf, in 1965. In November 1968, she exhibited her large-scale sculptures at the Fischbach Gallery in New York. The exhibition was titled Chain Polymers and was her only solo sculpture exhibition during her lifetime in the United States. The exhibition was pivotal in Hesse's career, securing her reputation at the time. Her large piece Expanded Expansion showed at the Whitney Museum in the 1969 exhibit "Anti-Illusion: Process/Materials".

There have been dozens of major posthumous exhibitions in the United States and Europe. An early one was at the Guggenheim Museum (1972), while in 1979, three separate iterations of an Eva Hesse retrospective were held, entitled Eva Hesse: Sculpture. These exhibitions took place at the Whitechapel Art Gallery in London from May 4 – June 17, 1979; the Kroller-Muller in Otterlo from June 30 – August 5, 1979; and the Kestner-Gesellschaft in Hannover from August 17 – September 23, 1979. One artwork featured in the exhibition was Aught, four double sheets of latex stuffed with polyethylene. In 1982, Ellen H. Johnson organized the first retrospective dedicated entirely to Hesse's drawings, which traveled to the Grey Art Gallery at NYU, the Allen Memorial Art Museum at Oberlin College, the Renaissance Society at the University of Chicago, the Contemporary Arts Museum in Houston, and the Baltimore Museum of Art. In 1992 and 1993, retrospective exhibitions were held in New Haven, Valencia and Paris.

Numerous major exhibitions have been organized since the early 2000s, including a major show in 2002 (organized jointly between the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Tate Modern and Museum Wiesbaden), and concurrent exhibitions in 2006 at The Drawing Center in New York and the Jewish Museum of New York. In Europe, Hesse had recent exhibitions at the Fundació Antoni Tàpies in Barcelona (2010) and at the Fruitmarket Gallery, Edinburgh (August to October 2009). An exhibition of her drawings from the collection of the Allen Memorial Art Museum will travel in 2019-20 to the Museum Wiesbaden, Mumok in Vienna, Hauser & Wirth New York, and the Allen Memorial Art Museum.

Collections
Over 20 of her works feature in the Museum of Modern Art, in New York. The largest collection of Hesse's work outside of the United States is in Museum Wiesbaden, which started actively acquiring her work after the 1990 exhibition "Female Artists of the Twentieth Century." One of the largest collections of Hesse's drawings is in the Allen Memorial Art Museum at Oberlin College, which also maintains the Eva Hesse Archive, donated to the museum by the artist's sister, Helen Hesse Charash, in 1977. Other public collections include the Art Institute of Chicago, the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, the National Gallery of Australia, the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, the Tate Gallery, the Jewish Museum and the Whitney Museum of American Art.

List of selected works

 * Untitled. 1963–64. Oil on canvas. 59 × 39 1/4 in. The Jewish Museum (Manhattan).
 * Ringaround Arosie. 1965. Pencil, acetone, varnish, enamel paint, ink, and cloth covered electrical wire on papier-mâché and masonite. 26 3/8 x 16 1/2 x 4 1/2 in. Museum of Modern Art, New York.
 * Laocoön. 1965-66. Acrylic, cloth-covered cord, wire, papier-mâché over plastic plumbers' pipe. 130 x 23 1/4 x 23 1/4 in. Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin.
 * Untitled or Not Yet. Nets. 1966. Polyethylene, paper, lead weights, and cord. 71 x 15 1/2 x 8 1/4 in. San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, San Francisco.
 * Hang Up. 1966. Acrylic on cloth over wood; acrylic on cord over steel tube. 72 × 84 × 78 in. Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago.
 * Addendum. 1967. Painted papier-mâché, wood and cord. Dimensions variable. Tate Collection.
 * Repetition Nineteen III. 1968. Fiberglass and polyester resin. 19 units, dimensions variable. Museum of Modern Art, New York.
 * Sans II. 1968. Fiberglass and polyester resin. 38 in. x 86 in. x 6 1/8 in. Five parts divided among: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, San Francisco; Glenstone Museum; Whitney Museum of American Art; Museum Wiesbaden; and Daros Collection, Switzerland.
 * Contingent. 1969. Cheesecloth, latex, fiberglass. 8 units, dimensions variable. National Gallery of Australia, Canberra.
 * Accession II. 1969. Galvanized steel and vinyl. 30 3/4 × 30 3/4 × 30 3/4 in. Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit.
 * Right After. 1969. Fiberglass. 5 × 18 × 4 ft. Milwaukee Art Museum, Milwaukee.
 * Expanded Expansion. 1969. Fiberglass, polyester resin, latex, and cheesecloth. 122 inches x 300 in. Guggenheim Museum, New York.
 * No Title. 1969–70. Latex, rope, string, and wire. Dimensions variable. Whitney Museum of American Art.

title: Eva Hesse


text:
Talk:Shinjiro Otani

Untitled
For the last time! The Mexican UWA titles Otani won were administered by Universal Lucha Libre, not the Japanese UWF which was a shoot promotion! - Surge79uwf

He lives in Texas? What`s the source for that?

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one article was rated and this bot brought all the other ratings up to at least that level. BetacommandBot 04:25, 28 August 2007 (UTC)

Texas?
I find it impossible to believe that Shinjiro Ohtani lives in Texas. Is it possible this was just a mistake since Funaki from WWE lives there and the person made a mistake. Punch999 (talk) 04:40, 17 September 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Shinjiro Otani


text:
Herkimer diamond

Herkimer diamonds are double-terminated quartz crystals discovered within exposed outcrops of dolomite in and around Herkimer County, New York, and the Mohawk River Valley in the US. They are not diamonds; the "diamond" in their name is due to both their clarity and well formed faces. Because the first discovery sites were in the village of Middleville and in the city of Little Falls, respectively, the crystal is also known as a Middleville diamond or a Little Falls diamond.

Herkimer diamonds became widely recognized after workmen discovered them in large quantities while cutting into the Mohawk River Valley dolomite in the late 18th century. Geologists discovered exposed dolomite in Herkimer County outcroppings and began mining there, leading to the "Herkimer diamond" moniker. Double-terminated quartz crystals may be found in sites around the world, but only those mined in Herkimer County can be given this name.

Process of formation
The geologic history of these crystals began about 500 million years ago in a shallow sea which was receiving sediments from the ancient Adirondack Mountains to the north. The calcium and magnesium carbonate sediments accumulated and lithified to form the dolomite bedrock currently known as the Little Falls Formation and formerly as the Little Falls Dolostone. While buried, cavities were formed by acidic waters forming the vugs in which the quartz crystals formed. While the dolomite unit is Cambrian in age, the quartz within the vugs is interpreted to have formed during the Carboniferous Period. Waxy organic material, silicon dioxide and pyrite (iron sulfide) were present as minor constituents of rock made of dolomite and calcite. As sediment buried the rock and temperatures rose, crystals grew in the cavities very slowly, resulting in quartz crystals of exceptional clarity. Inclusions can be found in these crystals that provide clues to the origins of the Herkimer diamonds. Found within the inclusions are solids, liquids (salt water or petroleum), gases (most often carbon dioxide), two- and three-phase inclusions, and negative (uniaxial) crystals. A black hydrocarbon is the most common solid inclusion.

title: Herkimer diamond


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Cagey

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Eugene van der Pijll 11:15, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

Cagey
Dicdef. BrainyBroad 00:08, August 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * DeleteAmren 01:42, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Dicdef, not expandable. -- DS1953 04:29, August 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Transwiki to Wiktionary if this isn't a CopyVio Drdisque 09:10, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Cagey


text:
Maggie Jones (actress)

Margaret Jones (21 June 1934 – 2 December 2009) was an English actress, best known for playing Blanche Hunt in the British soap opera Coronation Street, a role which she first portrayed in 1974 and played regularly from the late-1990s until shortly before her death. She won the British Soap Award for Best Comedy Performance in 2005 and 2008.

Early life
Jones was born in London.

Career
Jones graduated from the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art and performed in numerous plays including Pride and Prejudice and The Women on the West End stage. In 1961 she appeared in one episode of Coronation Street as a policewoman, her first television role.

Jones's first major television role was in BBC's 1967 adaptation of The Forsyte Saga. Jones played the maid, Smither, a small but recurring part. Later, she appeared twice in Nearest and Dearest. Prior to playing Blanche Hunt in Coronation Street her best-known role was as Polly Barraclough in Sam with Mark McManus and she also appeared in the 1971 BBC miniseries adaption of Jane Austen's Sense and Sensibility.

In 1967, several years after her first Coronation Street role, she had another guest role on the opposite side of the law, as a shoplifter. In 1974, she made her first appearance as Blanche Hunt, the mother of Deirdre. The part had originally been played by Patricia Cutts, who died after appearing in only two episodes. Jones, who had previously auditioned for the role, accepted an offer to take over the part at short notice as storylines had already been written for Blanche.

Jones remained a regular cast member until 1976. She reappeared in the show briefly when Blanche's grandchild Tracy was born in 1977, when Deirdre's marriage to Ray Langton collapsed in 1978 and when Deirdre married Ken Barlow in 1981.

Throughout the 1980s, Jones was a regular face on British television, appearing in several series. These included The Barchester Chronicles, The Beiderbecke Tapes, In Sickness and in Health, Sharon and Elsie, We'll Think of Something, The Nesbitts Are Coming, Bulman and Lovely Couple, alongside Pauline Quirke.

After guest appearances in shows such as Dalziel and Pascoe, Goodnight Sweetheart, Heartbeat and Peak Practice in the 1990s, Jones reprised the role of Blanche Hunt in Coronation Street in 1996. She became a regular cast member again in 1999. Blanche's trademark withering one-liners and no-nonsense attitude made her a firm favourite of fans of the long-running show.

In 2005 and 2008, Jones won the British Soap Award for Best Comedy Performance. Jones stated that she didn't think of her character as funny and that she couldn't play her properly if she did.

Personal life, illness and death
Jones was a Roman Catholic. She married lawyer John Oliver Stansfield in 1971; he died in January 1999 aged 72, in Westminster, London.

On 18 April 2008, Jones fell, injuring her knee and shoulder at the Manchester hotel in which she stayed while filming Coronation Street. She took two weeks off work from Coronation Street to recover from the accident. She was written out of the series again when she fell ill in October 2009.

In October 2009, Jones was admitted to Salford Royal Hospital in Salford, Greater Manchester, for undisclosed major surgery; she was reported to be making a slow and steady recovery. However, her condition later deteriorated and she remained in the same hospital until she died peacefully in her sleep, aged 75, on 2 December 2009.

Her final appearance as Blanche was broadcast posthumously on 11 December 2009. Jones's funeral was held at St. Peter's Catholic Church in Clerkenwell, London on 15 December 2009. A memorial service for Jones took place at Salford Cathedral on 25 February 2010. Tributes came from Coronation Street co-stars William Roache, Anne Kirkbride, Sue Nicholls, Craig Gazey and Brooke Vincent.

title: Maggie Jones (actress)


text:
Sheleen Thomas

Sheleen Thomas is an American female singer from New York City who was the featured vocalist on So Pure!'s 1999 Billboard Hot Dance Music/Club Play chart topper, "Changes."

title: Sheleen Thomas


text:
Barry van Galen

Bart "Barry" van Galen (born 4 April 1970, in Haarlem) is a Dutch former professional footballer. He debuted in Dutch professional football on 17 August 1991 (Haarlem - Telstar 2–1) and internationally for the Netherlands national team on 17 November 2004 against Andorra. His playing career ended in 2006 and he scouted for AZ until 2019.

title: Barry van Galen


text: User talk:68.55.39.170

title: User talk:68.55.39.170


text:
WorldTeach

WorldTeach is a non-governmental organization that provided opportunities for individuals to live and work as volunteer teachers in developing countries. It was founded in 1986 by a group of Harvard University students, including economist Michael Kremer. Approximately 300 volunteers were annually placed in year-long and summer programs, with more than 7,500 placed.

In April 2019, WorldTeach ceased its volunteer operations to continue exploring how best it could champion its work in serving the global community with education.

Programs
All volunteers for year-long programs must be enrolled in or have completed four year college programs, with most volunteers being recent graduates.

Most volunteers teach the English language, and some teach information technology, mathematics, science, accounting, and HIV/AIDS education. Typically WorldTeach partners with Ministries of Education, who identify the needs that WorldTeach volunteers can help them address.

Volunteer placements vary widely in the size of the community (300 people to 7 million), age of the students (elementary to adult), and living situation (homestay or apartment). Like the Peace Corps, volunteers may go to a wide range of countries, and WorldTeach volunteers apply to and are accepted to particular country placements. WorldTeach currently has year-long programs in American Samoa, Ecuador, the Marshall Islands, Namibia, Thailand, and Vietnam.

For year-long programs, which require a four-year college degree, costs are shared between the hosting educational organization and WorldTeach volunteers. Included are housing placements, visa sponsorship, health and emergency evacuation insurance, 24-hour field staff support, three-four weeks of in-country orientation (including language and teacher training) and a monthly stipend roughly equal to a local teacher's salary.

Summer programs are in Ecuador, India, Morocco, Namibia, and South Africa. Volunteers need not have a college degree, although most are current college students. These programs are not funded by WorldTeach's in-country partners and students usually pay for them through scholarships, out-of-pocket, or obtain college credit.

In April 2019, WorldTeach's board of directors voted to cease in-country programs, a model that proved to be unsustainable given the scale, cost structure, and the current market.

title: WorldTeach


text:
Talk:Shimon Schwab

Untitled
Would anyone have access to a public domain image of Rav Schwab? If this is impossible, shall we contact the Jewish Observer if they would licence an image from their stock? JFW | T@lk  00:10, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

יש לי:

 * How can I get it to you?

Sorry I didn't see your comment until you left a message on my talkpage. I've left some advice there. JFW | T@lk  20:03, 25 July 2006 (UTC)

Thanks

Improvement and expansion
He supported the Agudath Yisrael Party in Israel. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.90.247.138 (talk) 06:49, 18 February 2015 (UTC)

I have been looking for other sources, and found the EMK source, which is a hagiographic obituary but contains a good amount of factual information. There are certainly a few points that need raising:
 * He opposed the eruv in Manhattan (full text in Maayan)
 * He supported the retention of the Frankfurt version of the prayers (repeatedly in Rav Schwab on Prayer)
 * He paid for much of the publication costs of Klugman's Shemesh Marpei (implicitly in EMK, explicitly elsewhere but have forgotten)
 * He died of a heart attack (EMK)

I will try to integrate the "bibliography" section with the rest of the references. I will also post a message on WT:JEW asking for further references. JFW | T@lk  10:59, 5 October 2008 (UTC)

 * I have also emailed the KAJ webmaster asking if they could release any images of the subject under the GFDL. JFW | T@lk  11:14, 5 October 2008 (UTC)

Schwaben
We may need to cover this from the bio in "Prayer":

 * Much later, the Rav would discover that the renowned Rav Yehudah HaChassid predicted in his will, written some 800 years earlier, that "a man in the Land of Schwaben (the area where lchenhausen is located) would not be successful in educating young boys as yeshivah students." (See Sefer Chassidim, Margaliyos ed., last item of the Tsava'a, §56.)

Curious how encyclopedic it might be. JFW | T@lk  09:38, 18 May 2011 (UTC)

Ezra/Nehemia
The publication of his works continues. His son has informed that work is ongoing on the books of Ezra and Nehemia. JFW | T@lk  11:19, 14 August 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Shimon Schwab. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20061025150307/http://www.ou.org/torah/frankel/5761/vayakpek61.htm to http://www.ou.org/torah/frankel/5761/vayakpek61.htm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 22:47, 3 December 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Shimon Schwab


text:
Power Wheels

Power Wheels is a brand of battery-powered ride-on toy cars for kids ages one to seven years old. Power Wheels ride-ons are built with kid-sized, realistic features – in some cases, real working features like FM radios, opening/closing doors and hoods, and both forward and reverse motion.

History
The product itself was created by an Italian company, Peg Perego, which started up in 1949. Peg-Perego eventually began using gel cell batteries in their wheeled machines, and the product line was launched. The Power Wheels brand name dates back to 1984, when San Francisco-based toy company Kransco acquired Pines of America, makers of battery-powered vehicles for children. Two years later, Kransco renamed the line "Power Wheels". By 1990 sales of the battery-powered vehicles reached over 1,000,000 per year.

In 1994, the Power Wheels Line was bought by Mattel, who placed it under their Fisher-Price subsidiary. With the addition of new vehicle licenses the new Power Wheels lines did well.

In 1999, Fisher-Price announced the Harley-Davidson Motorcycle Ride-On – which contributed to a year of record sales for the entire product line.

Power Wheels vehicles
Power Wheels ride-on cars, trucks and motorcycles have been sold with more than 100 model names.

The latest line of Power Wheels features small scale versions of popular real world vehicles, including the Jeep Wrangler, Jeep Hurricane, Ford F-150, Ford Mustang, Kawasaki KFX quad, Harley-Davidson motorcycle, Cadillac Escalade EXT as well as Lightning McQueen from the Pixar’s film Cars, and a Thomas the Tank Engine with a circle of track.

Safety recalls
The first recall in 1991 involved the 18 Volt Porsche 911, in which the contacts in the foot pedal switch could weld together in use. If this were to happen, the motor would remain running and the vehicle would continue moving forward, unable to stop. A new accelerator pedal was fitted that eliminated the possibility of welded contacts.

In 1998, Fisher-Price undertook a monumental recall of up to 10 million Power Wheels 12 volt and Super 6 volt vehicles manufactured since 1986. The recall and repair program was conducted to replace battery fuses and strengthen battery connectors in order to prevent the units from overheating. The main difference of a post recall Power Wheel is that the original "H" (or on very early Power Wheels, "S") connectors are removed and replaced with the larger, black "A" connectors. If a Power Wheels ride-on was built in or before 1998 and has the Black "A" connectors, then the recall work has probably been performed.

The third recall in 2000 involved the Harley-Davidson motor cycle ride-ons, In cooperation with the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), Fisher-Price recalled about 218,000 battery-powered Power Wheels Harley-Davidson motorcycle ride-ons for repair. The foot pedals, which activate the ride-ons, could stick in the "on" position.

The fourth recall in 2019 involved the Barbie Dream Camper model FRC29 with the grey foot pedal, due to fall hazards and a pedal issue that causes the ride-on to keep moving when the pedal was released.

title: Power Wheels


text:
George Child Villiers, 8th Earl of Jersey

George Henry Robert Child Villiers, 8th Earl of Jersey DL (2 June 1873 – 31 December 1923), was a British peer and Conservative politician from the Villiers family.

Villiers was the son of Victor Child Villiers, 7th Earl of Jersey, and the Honourable Margaret Elizabeth, daughter of William Henry Leigh, 2nd Baron Leigh.

Public life
Villiers was educated at Eton College and at New College, Oxford. He succeeded his father in the earldom in 1915 and served briefly as a Lord-in-waiting under David Lloyd George between January and August 1919. He was a Justice of the peace and deputy lieutenant in Oxfordshire and an alderman and vice chairman for Oxfordshire County Council and a high steward for the city of Oxford. He also served as a J.P. and an alderman for Middlesex. Lord Jersey sold the Child & Co bank, part of the family's inheritance since the 5th Earl married into the Child family, to Glyn, Mills & Co. Bank in 1923. He was a member of the Ancient Order of Druids from 1905.

Family
Lord Jersey married Lady Cynthia Almina Constance Mary Needham, daughter of Francis Needham, 3rd Earl of Kilmorey, and Ellen Constance Baldock, on 8 October 1908. They had four children:

 * George Child Villiers, 9th Earl of Jersey (1910 – 1998).
 * Lady Joan Child Villiers (1911–2010), married David Colville, (who died 1986) grandson of Charles Colville, 1st Viscount Colville of Culross.
 * Hon. (Edward) Mansel Child Villiers (3 May 1913 – 9 March 1980), married twice (firstly 1934, diss. 1940 to Barbara Mary Frampton and secondly 1946, diss. 1971 to Princess Maria Gloria Pignatelli Aragona Cortez.
 * Lady Ann Child Villiers (1916 – 2006), married (1937) Major Alexander Henry Elliot (d. 1986).


text:
Prague Fringe Festival

The Prague Fringe Festival is an annual event held every May and June in Prague, Czech Republic. It is a fringe festival, on the model of the Edinburgh Festival Fringe. Founded in 2001, the festival regularly programmes more than 200 artists in about 45 productions, and 250 performances in genres including theatre, comedy, cabaret, spoken-word, and children's shows.

The Prague Fringe Festival takes place in eight venues around Mala Strana, varying from the medieval basement of a hotel to more traditional black-box theatres, with several different performances in each space each day.

The 2020 Prague Fringe was scheduled to take place from 22 May until 30 May and would have marked the event's 19th anniversary; however in March 2020 organisers announced that due to the ongoing 2020 coronavirus pandemic, the festival had been rescheduled for October 2020.

title: Prague Fringe Festival


text:
List of places in Pennsylvania: V

This list of cities, towns, unincorporated communities, counties, and other recognized places in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania also includes information on the number and names of counties in which the place lies, and its lower and upper zip code bounds, if applicable.

title: List of places in Pennsylvania: V


text:
Cryptoporticus

In Ancient Roman architecture a cryptoporticus (from Latin crypta and porticus) is a covered corridor or passageway. The usual English is "cryptoportico". The cryptoportico is a semi-subterranean gallery whose vaulting supports portico structures aboveground and which is lit from openings at the tops of its arches.

On sloping sites the open side of a cryptoporticus is often partially at ground level and supports a structure such as a forum or Roman villa, in which case it served as basis villae. It is often vaulted and lit by openings in the vault. In the letters of Pliny the Younger, the term is used as a synonym of crypt. The shade and semi-excavated site of a cryptoportico provided cool and moderated temperatures useful for storage of perishables, while it offered a level and slightly raised podium for the superstructure.

Coimbra
The cryptoporticus of Coimbra, the old Roman city of Aeminium, was built to create an artificial platform over which the city's forum could be built. Later, the Bishop's Palace (still standing today as Machado de Castro National Museum) was built using the platform created by the structure thus preserving it in perfect condition.

Arles
The cryptoporticus of Arles, dating from the 1st century BC was built as foundation for the forum, which has since been replaced by the Chapel of the Jesuit College and the city hall. Three double, parallel tunnels arranged in the form of a U are supported by fifty piers. Masons' marks on the stonework indicate that it was built by Greeks, probably from Marseille. Similar structures in Narbonne, Reims, and Bavay were used as granaries. The cryptoporticus at Arles is, however, too damp for prolonged storage and may have served as a barracks for public slaves. The cryptoporticus of Arles is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, together with other Roman buildings of the city, as part of the Arles, Roman and Romanesque Monuments group.

Reims
The cryptoporticus of Reims, formerly enclosing three sides of the forum, is of Gallo-Roman origin and was probably built during the 3rd century. Today, only its Eastern part remains, but this is unusually well preserved for a Gallo-Roman structure.

Other places
Other well-known examples include the cryptoporticus of Hadrian's Villa and that of the House of the Cryptoporticus in Pompeii. A well-preserved cryptoporticus is also located at the Papal Summer Residence in Castel Gandolfo, Italy. In Rome, a cryptoporticus is located in the Catacomb of Priscilla, a remnant from a large Roman villa.

title: Cryptoporticus


text:
List of places in Pennsylvania: U

This list of cities, towns, unincorporated communities, counties, and other recognized places in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania also includes information on the number and names of counties in which the place lies, and its lower and upper zip code bounds, if applicable.

title: List of places in Pennsylvania: U