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Metamorphosis Alpha

Metamorphosis Alpha is one of the first science fiction role-playing games, published in 1976. It was created by James M. Ward and originally produced by TSR, the publisher of Dungeons & Dragons.

Description
The original edition is set on a generation spaceship, the starship Warden, which has been struck by an unknown cataclysmic event that killed many of the colonists and crew. The characters must survive their missions in the ship, which they believe to be a world. They no longer understand the technology around them, and they encounter numerous mutated creatures.

Players can portray a human, a mutated human, a mutated plant, or a mutated creature. Articles in Dragon expanded those options to include clones and robots as well as adding rules for cybernetics. Players have five characteristics: radiation resistance, mental resistance, dexterity, strength, and constitution. Humans have a sixth characteristic, leadership potential, while mutated humans and creatures add a random number of mutations, both physical and mental. Metamorphosis Alpha's combat rules resemble those in the original edition of Dungeons & Dragons (D&D).

Metamorphosis Alpha is the intellectual precursor to Gamma World (1978), also produced by TSR.

Though often credited as the first science-fiction RPG, it was beaten to press by Ken St. Andre's 1976 game Starfaring.

Science fiction or science fantasy?
Metamorphosis Alpha has an emphasis on super science and an element of science fantasy (as confirmed by the creator James M. Ward in 2006). Ward has stated that the game is not "hard sci-fi".

In 1980, TSR released AD&D module S3: Expedition to the Barrier Peaks. The module was based on the idea that a starship such as the Warden (though not the Warden itself, according to TSR founder Gary Gygax) becomes marooned in a D&D universe. In the module's foreword, Gygax writes that the module was written to introduce Metamorphosis Alpha to the wider D&D audience and to demonstrate how one might undertake science fiction/fantasy crossover.

Inspiration
James M. Ward, the game's author, stated that the original inspiration for the game was Brian Aldiss's science fiction novel Non-Stop (also known as Starship, 1958). In the British RPG magazine White Dwarf, issue 1, Ian Livingstone wrote a review of the game and published his own additional rules for playing Metamorphosis Alpha on Aldiss's ship. However, it is often suggested that the game was inspired by Robert A. Heinlein's 1941 novel Orphans of the Sky. James M. Ward has stated that he was not familiar with the 1973 Canadian TV series The Starlost, a show with a similar concept, and that Metamorphosis Alpha is not based upon that series.

Ownership and rights
The rights to Metamorphosis Alpha were owned by James M. Ward. Ward also owned the rights to all Metamorphosis Alpha material previously published in Dragon. WardCo. (Ward's publishing business) was granted permission by Steve Jackson Games and by Judges Guild (the estate of Bob Bledsaw Sr.) to host and republish some material. In 2008, Ward requested via public forums that sites hosting unlicensed copies of his original rules and the material previously published in Dragon magazine remove them, as they were a breach of his copyright and directly competed with products that he is selling. All permissions to host the Metamorphosis Alpha rules and the Metamorphosis Alpha articles in Dragon magazine, other than those being sold on behalf of WardCo., at sites other than at the official homepage have been rescinded.

In 2010, Signal Fire Studios acquired the rights to produce a new edition of the game based upon Hasbro's 4th edition D&D.

In 2011, Ward announced that he had negotiated a deal to produce a graphic novel of Metamorphosis Alpha.

On April 11, 2024, Christopher Clark announced that "all rights to James M. Ward’s Metamorphosis Alpha, the core rulebook and all its derivative works, including The Starship Warden, Dark Outpost and Dark Visitor, along with James M. Ward’s Tower of the Scarlett Wizard, and James M. Ward’s Monte Haul Dungeon Series (including Monty Haul’s Lesser Tower of Doom and Monty Haul’s Heavenly Haul) were purchased by Para Bellum Consulting." This deal was made and finalized prior to the death of Jame's Ward in March 2024.

First Edition (1976)
Metamorphosis Alpha was first published in 1976 by TSR. It was written by James M. Ward and illustrated by Dave Sutherland III. During its original release, there were no supporting accessories. However, a number of releases were eventually published later:
 * 1976: TSR, Inc.
 * Metamorphosis Alpha
 * 2007: WardCo.
 * Metamorphosis Alpha First Edition Errata Sheet
 * JWM001: Metamorphosis Alpha First Edition (Revised)
 * 2010: WardCo.
 * JWM002: The House on The Hill - This adventure was written by Craig J. Brain, with bonus content by James M. Ward. The illustrations for the adventure were by Lee Smith and Dave Sutherland III. (ISBN 145360412X)
 * 2012: WardCo.
 * Metamorphosis Alpha 1st Edition – A reprint of the original edition of the game with the addition of a new adventure and a number of corrections.
 * 2014: TSR Games/Solarian Games
 * P2: They All Died at the International Space Station - This adventure, written by James Ward originally saw print in Gygax Magazine #3 before being reprinted as the second of the TSR Games "pantheon series". (ISBN 978-1-945332-01-2)
 * 2015: Goodman Games
 * Metamorphosis Alpha Deluxe Collector's Edition - An oversized hardbound edition consolidating other content from magazine articles, and including a new adventure (Coming of Age) and new materials.
 * The Android Underlords
 * Book of Handouts
 * The Captain’s Table
 * Creatures & Gadgets
 * Death Ziggurat in Zero-G - An adventure written by Jobe Bittman. The adventure ignores much of the generation ship concept of Metamorphosis Alpha. Bittman uses post apocalyptic locations (such as a home improvement store), more in keeping with Gamma World.
 * The Level of the Lost - Written by Michael Curtis, this adventure revolves around a Jurassic Park like location hidden aboard the Warden.
 * The Long, Hard Mile
 * Metamorphosis Alpha Referee's Screen
 * The Mutation Manual
 * Warden Adventures
 * The Warden Armory
 * What Are the Prisoners of Rec-Loc-119?
 * 2017: Goodman Games
 * Epsilon City - A boxed set containing a 272-page spiral-bound hardcover Epsilon City setting book, three 11”x17” maps, a 20-page cyborg supplement, and a 56-page adventure supplement. It was written by James M. Ward, with Jobe Bittman, Michael Curtis (role playing game writer), Jon Hook, and Jim Wampler.
 * 2020: Goodman Games
 * Doom on the Warden

Second Edition (1994)
In 1981, Ward announced plans to rewrite the game as Metamorphosis Alpha to Omega, a supplement for the 1st edition Gamma World rules. The Gamma World supplement was never completed, but in 1994, TSR used the title Metamorphosis Alpha to Omega for an Amazing Engine supplement (ISBN 1-56076-851-7) written by Slade Henson.

Third Edition (2002)
Ward's company, Fast Forward Entertainment, published a new version of the game, entitled Metamorphosis Alpha: 25th Anniversary Edition. It was designed by Ward himself.
 * 2002: Fast Forward Entertainment
 * Metamorphosis Alpha: 25th Anniversary Edition

Fourth Edition (2006)
Metamorphosis Alpha 4th Edition was released by Mudpuppy Games (ISBN 0-9763601-2-8). This edition contained original material by Ward and additional new material and photography by Craig J. Brain. The book cover and interior illustrations were painted and drawn by Jim Holloway with most of the cartography by Ryan Wolfe.
 * 2006: Mudpuppy Games
 * Metamorphosis Alpha
 * 2007: Mudpuppy Games
 *  Metamorphosis Alpha 4th Edition Errata
 * 2016: Fireside Creations
 * CS Bonnie Brown, an adventure written by Craig J. Brain.

Fifth Edition (2016)
Metamorphosis Alpha 5th Edition was released by Signal Fire Studios (ISBN 978-0-9894107-0-0). This edition includes material by Ward and Jamie Chambers and uses the System 26 rules set.

Sixth Edition (2021)
In 2021, WardCo and Troll Lord Games released The Starship Warden using the Amazing Adventures/SIEGE engine. It included a 656 page book, fully detailing the default setting of Metamorphosis Alpha and was accompanied by a number of supporting materials and was written by James M. Ward and fellow TSR alumnus Chris Clark.
 * 2021: Troll Lord Games
 * The Starship Warden
 * Creatures of the Warden
 * Equipment Manifest
 * The Goya
 * Maps of the Warden
 * Saving Wren and Deck Expansions

Reception
In Issue 10 of The Space Gamer, Robert R. Taylor concluded that "The game is definitely first rate and quite excellent. MA is highly recommended to someone interested in buying their first role-playing game since the rules are rich with guidelines to help the player in constructing his own ship."

Writing in The Playboy Winner's Guide to Board Games, John Jackson found this game almost identical in scope and mechanics to another TSR science fiction game, Gamma World, sharing "a cast of mutated humans, animals and plants and the twin hazards of poison and radiation." Jackson recommended Gamma World over Metamorphosis Alpha based on better organization of material and a more interesting map.

In the inaugural issue of Ares, game designer Eric Goldberg thought the game too limited in scope, saying, "Metamorphosis: Alpha is Dungeons and Dragons in space. Regrettably, one can only stretch a great idea so far; this offering is far too contrived to gain acceptance in the minds of most players." Goldberg concluded by giving the game a very poor rating of only 3 out of 9.

In the 1980 book The Complete Book of Wargames, game designer Jon Freeman commented, "James Ward's Metamorphosis Alpha is an attempt ... by the people who brought you Dungeons & Dragons, and predictably, it shares many of the parent game's flaws. The rules are better constructed but the game takes itself too seriously." Freeman gave this game an Overall Evaluation of "Fair", concluding, "The game is Dungeons & Dragons in disguise; it could as easily been called Missiles & Mutants. As an honest fantasy, it would be no worse than most. As 'science fiction', it comes out looking like Gorgo Meets Star Wars."

In his 1990 book The Complete Guide to Role-Playing Games, game critic Rick Swan called this "Dungeons & Dragons in space ... Exploring the labyrinths of the spacecraft is not unlike roaming a cavern network or other dungeonlike enclosure." Swan concluded by giving the game a rating of 2.5 out of 4, suggesting the old game's true value was as a collector's item.

David M. Ewalt, in his book Of Dice and Men, commented that Metamorphosis Alpha was "notable as the first role-playing game with a science-fiction setting. The game takes place on the starship Warden, a vast spaceship built by the player characters' ancestors; in the aftermath of some unknown disaster, their progeny survive on the ship but don't understand its technology and must fight mutated creatures to ensure their survival."

Metamorphosis Alpha was chosen for inclusion in the 2007 book Hobby Games: The 100 Best. Game designer Gary Gygax explained: "Metamorphosis Alpha is a game that breaks the typical level-progression reward mold but nevertheless offers a rich, if sometimes difficult to gain, array of player rewards — from the knowledge of the environment to beneficial character mutations, learned skills to the acquisition of tech items and other equipment. Furthermore it blends fantasy with weird and super science in a unique manner that is captivating to players with imaginations suited to such a startling mixture. Metamorphosis Alpha — in any edition — stimulates the imagination, encourages keen thinking, and breaks the mold of typical fantasy and science fiction roleplaying games. If that doesn't make it one of the best hobby games ever, I don't know what would."

In his 2023 book Monsters, Aliens, and Holes in the Ground, RPG historian Stu Horvath questioned whether this game was truly science fiction, or was simply another fantasy RPG, pointing out that the setting is simply a large self-contained 17-level dungeon where "Players are left to explore the ship, hex by hex in the 'wilderness' or square by square in the dungeons of the engineering sectors, all for material rewards ... These sort of expeditions are the core of the D&D experience and that seems so closely tied to fantasy, for me, that even the presence of laser guns and mutants can't dissuade the association."

In Other Media
In 2004 a mold was created for a never produced Metamorphosis Alpha coin game. The mold consisted of 10 coins which would have variations in white, yellow, blue, green, and red. The mold was sold to a private collector via ebay in May of 2022..

A number of books have been released, detailing further adventures aboard the Starship Warden.
 * 2017 - Metamorphosis Alpha: Chronicles from the Warden vol. 1: A short story collection written by Ward in collaboration with author Craig Martelle. (ISBN 9781547189960)
 * 2017 - Metamorphosis Alpha: Chronicles from the Starship Warden vol. 2: A short story collection edited by Craig Martelle. It includes stories by Jim Ward with Alex Bates, Craig J. Brain, Bob Brinkman, Christopher Clark, Valerie Emerson, E.E. Isherwood, Scott King, Stephen A Lee, Craig Martelle, Scott Moon, Bill Patterson, Steve Peek, and Thomas R. Rock. Three of the authors (Brain, Brinkman, and Clark ) had previously worked with Jim Ward on Metamorphosis Alpha products. (ISBN 9781981665273)
 * 2019 - Metamorphosis Alpha: Chronicles from the Starship Warden vol. 3: A short story collection edited by Craig Martelle. It includes stories by Jim Ward with Alex Bates, Christopher Clark, James Dermond, Valerie Emerson, Bryan Hawkins, Stephen A Lee, Craig Martelle, Scott McKinley, Steve Peek, Scott Perry, Jean Rabe, Nathaniel Sims. (ISBN 9781713300359)
 * 2019 - Metamorphosis Alpha: Red is the Android: A collaborative novel written by James M. Ward and Craig Martelle, detailing the struggles of Finnur Starsign against the red androids. (ISBN 9781075402135)
 * 2024 - Wolfoid: A collection of short stories by Ward. Only the titular story deals with Metamorphosis Alpha. (ISBN 9781960016126)

title: Metamorphosis Alpha


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User:Peggy doffin

I would like to set up an account about my business. It has to deal with essentials VITAMINS and MINERALS togather with MANGOSTEEN(considered to be the most potent source of Xanthones ((super-antixidants))ever discovered and ALOE VERA (natures healing plant)I have been taking the product for less than a week and I am a whole different person. My feet had been numb for years and I could not stand to have shoes on my feet and my legs to touch the matterass at night or the covers on my legs and feet.  I did not beleive what my friend Kim or my friend Dixie had told me. But they have prove me to belive and here is my testiment to tell every one who will read and try this, you will be like my a new believer.  Not only is this good for your health but it is also a very good busiess investment.  This company is not 10 months old and it has taken off by leaps and is in over 10 countries. So read my web page myvemma.com/doffin and see for your self.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Peggy doffin


text: User talk:38.118.78.4

title: User talk:38.118.78.4


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Talk:List of towns in Indiana

Untitled
shelby indianas zip is 46377

Smaller, unincorporated towns
I've been creating entries in Wikipedia for some of the smaller and non-incorporated towns in Warren and Tippecanoe counties in Indiana. Though unincorporated, they're nonetheless full-fledged towns -- most were platted and still have blocks, named streets, businesses, etc. They're still documented on road maps and in online mapping services. Some that dwindled considerably in the 20th century were significant in the 19th, with many residents and much commerce.

Since this article is entitled "List of towns in Indiana", I assume that including these towns here is appropriate. However, the introduction says the list is only of incorporated towns. Would adding a new, separate section at the end for unincorporated towns be appropriate? It seems reasonable to me, but I wanted first to see if anyone had any other opinions/feelings on the matter.

Thanks!

Huw 14:45, 9 October 2006 (UTC)

our town is missing
Where is Greencastle, Indiana? It is the home of DePauw University among other things. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.132.19.224 (talk) 03:30, 11 October 2016 (UTC)

Greencastle is a city. (see: List of cities in Indiana) Terageorge (talk) 13:15, 11 October 2016 (UTC)

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Counties please
Can someone add another column please? Parishes / Counties. Llywelyn2000 (talk) 07:50, 4 April 2020 (UTC)

merger proposal
This and List of cities in Indiana should be merged to List of municipalities in Indiana. Dylanvt (talk) 21:03, 7 July 2021 (UTC)

 * Sounds reasonable to me. Break down the list into cities and towns. I think we should include a section for unincorporated towns in Indiana, like Huw suggested back in 2006. Curious what other opinions are on that? CivilianArthur (talk) 20:57, 11 October 2021 (UTC)

 * A list of municipalities should generally only list polities that serve municipal functions (e.g. road maintenance, administration, voting, taxing, trash collection, sewage, court, etc.). The list of municipalities in Michigan does include non-municipal townships, but that should probably be changed because in other cases we do not include such entities. Dylanvt (talk) 21:46, 26 October 2021 (UTC)

 * I am in agreement as to the merger as proposed.Griffinofwales (talk) Simple English Wikipedia - Come and join! 19:10, 19 November 2021 (UTC)

 * I also agree. Since Indiana law does not require a town to become a city after attaining a certain population, nor does it require cities that lose sufficient population to revert to town status, there's no way for a person to know whether a given municipality is a town or a city by knowing only its population. In the combined article, I'd recommend adding a column for town/city status so that there is only one table. Indyguy (talk) 19:18, 19 November 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of towns in Indiana


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Talk:Buddha, Indiana

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Ode to Billy Joe (film)

Ode to Billy Joe is a 1976 American drama film, directed and produced by Max Baer Jr., with a screenplay by Herman Raucher, and starring Robby Benson and Glynnis O'Connor. It is inspired by the 1967 hit song by Bobbie Gentry, titled "Ode to Billie Joe."

Made for $1.1 million, the film grossed $27 million at the box office, plus earnings in excess of $2.65 million in the foreign market, $4.75 million from television, and $2.5 million from video. However, reviews were mostly negative.

Gentry's song recounts the day when Billie Joe McAllister committed suicide by jumping off the Tallahatchie Bridge on Choctaw Ridge, Mississippi. When Gentry discussed the screenplay with Raucher, she explained she did not know why the real person who inspired the character of Billie Joe had killed himself. Raucher thus had a free hand to pick a reason. His novelization of the story, published the year of the film's release as a movie tie-in, used the same rationale for the suicide.

Plot
Set in 1953, the film explores the budding relationship between teenagers Billy Joe McAllister (Benson) and Bobbie Lee Hartley (O'Connor) (who corresponds to the unnamed narrator of the original song), despite resistance from Hartley's family, who contend she is too young to date. One night at a jamboree, McAllister gets drunk and seems nauseated and confused when entering a makeshift brothel behind the gathering. It turns out that in his inebriated state, he had sex with another man, later revealed to be his sawmill boss, Dewey Barksdale (James Best).

After his intimate encounter with Barksdale, Billy Joe disappears for several days. He then returns, and Bobbie Lee finally submits to her passions at a secluded spot near the bridge and encourages him to make love to her. Owing to his guilt, however, Billy Joe cannot consummate their relationship. He admits to Bobbie Lee that he has been with a man, and when she tries to reason that he was drunk, so maybe didn't have complete control of himself and didn't really know what was going on, he confesses that he knew what he was doing, knew it was wrong, and did it anyway because he wanted to. Tearfully, he bids her an enigmatic goodbye, and subsequently kills himself by jumping off the bridge spanning the Tallahatchie River. The local preacher, who saw Billy Joe and Bobbie Lee together, and other townsfolk spread the false story that Billy Joe committed suicide because he learned he had impregnated Bobbie Lee out of wedlock. For the sake of the family, Bobbie Lee's brother insists that she either quietly pursue an abortion or, if she insists upon having the baby, leave town.

In the film, as in the novel, the object thrown from the bridge is Bobbie Lee's ragdoll, symbolizing throwing away her childhood and innocence and becoming an adult.

Knowing that no one will ever believe that she and Billy Joe did not have sex and that she was never pregnant, Bobbie Lee decides to leave home. Very early one morning, with suitcase in hand, she walks to town to get a bus. On the way she meets Barksdale on the bridge, where he tells her that he is headed to her house to confess to her father and clear her name. She advises him against doing so, noting that revealing the truth would forever tarnish Billy Joe's reputation. He initially holds fast to his desire to confess, but Bobbie Lee calmly stresses that the news would further devastate Billy Joe's family and leave Barksdale himself subject to criminal prosecution. She also assures him that she does not mind her fate and then adds, "Oh, I'll be back before long; I'm only 15. What do I know of the world?" Finally agreeing with the girl's logic, he offers Bobbie Lee a ride to the bus station, which she graciously accepts. The film ends with the two of them walking across the bridge together.

Cast

 * Robby Benson as Billy Joe McAllister
 * Glynnis O'Connor as Bobbie Lee Hartley
 * Joan Hotchkis as Anna 'Mama' Hartley
 * Sandy McPeak as Glenn 'Papa' Hartley
 * James Best as Dewey Barksdale
 * Terence Goodman as James Hartley
 * Becky Bowen as Becky Thompson
 * Simpson Hemphill as Brother Taylor
 * Ed Shelnut as Coleman Stroud
 * Eddie Talr as Tom Hargitay
 * William Hallberg as Dan McAllister
 * Rebecca Jernigan as Mrs Thompson

Production
The June 12, 1975 issue of The Hollywood Reporter announced the completion of a $3.5 million deal between Max Baer, Jr. and Warner Bros. Pictures for a film based on Bobbie Gentry's hit song, “Ode To Billie Joe.” Baer offered Gentry and her publisher a large percentage of the film's receipts, and paid Herman Raucher $250,000 and a share of the profits to write the screenplay. Raucher was chosen because he had written the hit film Summer of '42. Baer had intended to cast unknown actors in the lead roles of “Bobbie Lee Hartley” and “Billy Joe McAllister,” eventually picking Glynnis O'Connor and Robby Benson, who had previously starred together in the teen film Jeremy.

The July 2, 1975, issue of Variety announced that the locations for the film would include Gentry's hometown of Greenwood, Mississippi, along with other local communities.

Scenes at the old sawmill were filmed at Cross Lumber Company in Vaiden, Mississippi. The bridge featured in the film crossed the Yazoo River on County Road 512 near Sidon, Mississippi. It was later demolished and replaced by a modern concrete span in 1987, with plaques at both the eastern and western ends commemorating the film.

Release date
The film premiered on June 2, 1976, at the Paramount Theatre in Jackson, Mississippi, as a benefit for the Mississippi Film Foundation. The premiere was attended by numerous dignitaries, including Mississippi Lieutenant Governor Evelyn Gandy. In honor of Gentry being the first woman to be inducted into the Mississippi Hall of Fame, and the film's release in 550 theaters across the Southern United States, June 3, 1976, was declared "Billy Joe Day" by Mississippi Governor Cliff Finch. Gandy officiated at the placing of a bronze tablet on the Tallahatchie Bridge near Rising Sun, Mississippi. The celebration was attended by stars Robby Benson and Glynnis O’Connor and producer Roger Camras. On the same day, a similar event was held in Los Angeles, California, to commemorate the opening of the film. Burbank Mayor Leland Ayers dedicated a 16 ft-long replica of the Tallahatchie Bridge, constructed 25 ft above Olive Avenue. Director Max Baer, Jr. attended the event.

The film opened nationwide on June 4, 1976.

Reception
The critical reviews were negative to mixed. Ode to Billy Joe holds a 43% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on seven reviews.

Soundtrack
Ode to Billy Joe (Sound Track from Max Baer's Motion Picture) is the soundtrack album to the film. It was released on May 10, 1976, by Warner Bros. Records.

The album was issued on CD for the first time in 2017 by California-based label Kritzerland.

Bobbie Gentry re-recorded her iconic hit song, "Ode to Billie Joe," for the film, with the spelling of the name changed to "Billy." Gentry stated that the original spelling had been a typographical error; this is corroborated by her original handwritten lyrics of the song.

Commercial performance
"Ode to Billy Joe - Main Title" was issued as a single in April 1976. It peaked at No. 65 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart. Capitol Records, Gentry's label when the original 1967 recording was released, reissued it as a single in June 1976 to capitalize on the film's success. The album did not chart.

The original 1967 recording was on the Billboard chart for 20 weeks and was the Number 1 song for four weeks.

title: Ode to Billy Joe (film)


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Charlotte Perrelli

Anna Jenny Charlotte Perrelli (born 7 October 1974), known until 2003 by her maiden name, is a Swedish singer and television host. Under her maiden name, she won the 1999 Melodifestivalen and subsequently that year's Eurovision Song Contest with the song "Take Me to Your Heaven".

Since 1999 Perrelli has released seven albums and multiple singles. She once again won Melodifestivalen 2008 and represented Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest 2008 with her song "Hero". She is one of Sweden's most popular female singers, often performing at Sweden's top shows. Throughout her career, she has worked with different types of music, ranging from dansband and schlager, via modern pop, to soulful ballads and jazz melodies.

1987–1998
Born in Hovmantorp, in the southern Swedish province of Småland, at the age of thirteen Nilsson joined a local dansband, Bengt Ingvars, which became "Bengt Ingvars med Charlotte". After finishing her compulsory school education, she moved from Hovmantorp to the neighbouring town of Växjö where she attended the High School of Performing Arts. She also became the lead singer of a band named Kendix.

In 1994, Nilsson started singing with the well-established dansband Anders Engbergs. After two albums, she left them and joined the highly successful Wizex in 1997. Larger venues and professional management increased the band's reputation. In 1998, the band was nominated for a Swedish Grammis (Grammy) for the album Mot nya mål, and the album Tusen och en natt that went gold.

From 1997 to 1998 Nilsson starred as the instructor Millan Svensson in the Swedish soap opera Vita lögner.

1999–2000
After winning that year's national Melodifestivalen, Nilsson went to Jerusalem to compete as the Swedish representative for the 1999 Eurovision Song Contest on 29 May with her song "Take Me to Your Heaven". She won the contest with 163 points, making her the fourth Swedish representative to win the competition since Carola Häggkvist's victory in 1991, the Herreys brothers' in 1984 and ABBA's in 1974.

Following her Eurovision success, Nilsson toured Europe and the Middle East, promoting her winning song. She also started working on her first solo album, Charlotte. Later that year, she was voted Sweden's sexiest woman by the magazine Café. She later released "I Write You a Lovesong", together with debut album Charlotte, which was well received. She did not appear at the Eurovision Song Contest 2000 due to a dispute with Sveriges Television.

2001–2003
In 2001 Nilsson released her second album, Miss Jealousy, a pop/rock album which included the top-20 hit single "You Got Me Going Crazy", written by Mårten Sandén, Johan Åberg and Paul Rein as well as the radio hit "Light of My Life". Following the release, she promoted the album throughout Europe and New Zealand.

Nilsson hosted the first semi-final of Melodifestivalen 2003 with Mark Levengood and Lena Philipsson. In April 2003 she performed in Jesus Christ Superstar in Stockholm. In September she released a new single, "Broken Heart", which was followed up by the album Gone Too Long in June 2004. The album contained songs such as "Gone Too Long", "Flashdance" and "Million Miles Away". Charlotte Nilsson changed her name to Charlotte Perrelli after her 2003 marriage, and has retained the surname since her 2009 divorce.

2004–2007
After the success in Melodifestivalen 2003, Perrelli was once again asked to host Melodifestivalen 2004. Perrelli, Peter Settman and Ola Lindholm ended up hosting the entire tour together. After the festival, Swedish TV4 offered her own show on the channel, Super Troupers, a talent-show for kids.

In mid-2004 she released her, until then, most successful album, Gone Too Long, which included songs by some of Sweden's top producers, including Jörgen Elofsson. The album topped the Swedish top for weeks and contained hits such as "A Million Miles Away" and "Gone Too Long". In the summer, she joined Robert Wells, Jill Johnson and others on the Rhapsody in Rock-tour in mid-2004. In the spring of 2005, she was a judge on Inför Eurovision, a TV show which previewed that year's Eurovision songs.

In 2006, she released the album I din röst, in honour of the famous jazz singer Monica Zetterlund, which covered Zetterlund's most famous songs, along with some personal favorites and the soul ballad "I din röst", the title song written by Perrelli for the album. The album was successful, and she performed many of the songs in Sweden's top shows such as Allsång på Skansen and Nationaldagen. She also co-hosted the TV show Tillsammans för världens barn in October, where she also performed "The Greatest Love of All".

In May 2007 Perrelli was the Swedish expert in the Nordic preview show panel discussion about the Eurovision Song Contest. In mid-2007 Perrelli toured Sweden with Diggiloo. She was joined by singers such as Linda Bengtzing, Lasse Holm, Molly Sandén, Lotta Engberg and Jan Johansen. During the summer she released the love ballad "Som du" which she performed at the popular show Sommarkrysset. During the autumn she released the single disco song "Jag är tillbaks" which she performed at the show Babban & Co.

2008–2009
On 15 March 2008, Perrelli performed at the Stockholm Globe Arena and won Melodifestivalen 2008 again with her song "Hero", which topped the charts in Sweden for several weeks and became the most sold single of 2008 for a Swedish artist. She went on to represent Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest 2008 in Belgrade, Serbia, where she advanced to the finals. Preparing for Eurovision, she went out on a big tour, performing at popular TV shows in 17 nations, in order to promote the song.

On 14 April, Perrelli filmed the music video for "Hero" on location in Stockholm. She also released her album titled Hero, which went on to go platinum in Sweden. Despite being one of the favourites to win Eurovision, it finished 18th out of 25 entries in the final, with 47 points in total. The song "Bullet" was subsequently released as a single, performing moderately on the Swedish charts.

Perrelli started rehearsals for Rhapsody in Rock along with Wells, with whom she toured with during that summer. Perrelli and Wells performed a concert in Beijing, China during the 2008 Summer Olympics. In August, it was revealed that Perrelli had signed a record deal with a Chinese record label; as a result, her album Hero was released in China.

During the autumn, she worked on her Christmas album Rimfrostjul, which was released in November 2008. She also performed on several of Sweden's top TV shows, such as Sommarkrysset, Victoriadagen and Nationaldagen. On 31 October 2008 Perrelli was a guest judge and coach for the remaining contestants on Idol 2008. In November and December, she promoted her Christmas album and toured Sweden. In the beginning of 2009, she travelled to Beijing to perform in a series of TV shows. She worked as a judge on the Swedish show Talang 2009.

2010–present
At the Schlager pride in Stockholm in July 2009, she announced that she would release a new album in 2010; however, this was later put forward to 2012. Perrelli recorded a new single for the Swedish Royal Wedding in June 2010 together with pop singer Magnus Carlsson titled "Mitt livs gemål", which was very well received and performed throughout Sweden. In August, she released a fitness book titled Kan du Kan jag. In December 2010, she toured Swedish churches with her material from Rimfrostjul. Perrelli continued as a judge on Talang 2010 and Talang 2011. During the summer, she toured with Diggiloo once more. In November 2011, she confirmed that she would play Eva Peron in the Swedish version of the musical Evita at the Malmö Opera. As a result, she released Don't cry for me Argentina as a single.

She participated in Melodifestivalen 2012 with the entry "The Girl" by Fredrik Kempe in a bid to represent Sweden at the Eurovision Song Contest 2012 in Baku, Azerbaijan. In the fourth semi-final of the show, she came in fifth, and failed to qualify to the final. Nonetheless, she released her seventh album titled The Girl, which contained eight new tracks, including "Little Braveheart", a duet with Belgian singer Kate Ryan. Other hits include Just not tonight and No More Black & Blue. She also released her own perfume and shimmering lotion called The Girl.

In the summer of 2012, she once again toured with Diggiloo. After this, she released her second fitness book. In 2013, she released her second Christmas album titled Min barndoms jul and toured extensively in Scandinavia.

In 2015, she released the song Bröllopsvalsen which she performed at numerous events. The song is a tribute to her husband. She also released a book about pregnancy.

In 2017, she released the music album in Swedish titled Mitt liv. She also toured with Diggiloo during the summers of 2014, 2015, 2017 and 2018. In 2018, she appeared on Så mycket bättre which is broadcast on TV4. She released her autobiography in October 2018 titled Flickan från Småland, which was also the name of her 2019 tour of Sweden.

2019 saw Perrelli commentate for SVT at the Eurovision Song Contest 2019 in Israel beside Edward af Sillén, 20 years after winning the contest in the same country.

She participated in Melodifestivalen 2021 with the song "Still Young" when she qualified for the finale, where she came 8th with 60 points.

Perrelli performed as one of the interval acts in the second semi-final and final of the Eurovision Song Contest 2024 in Malmö.

Personal life
In August 2003 in Oscar's Church, Charlotte Nilsson married Stockholm-based Swedish–Italian restaurateur Nicola Ingrosso, her partner since 1996. Their two sons were born in 2004 and 2005. Much of Ingrosso's family boycotted the wedding amid a dispute that prompted Nicola and Charlotte to change their surnames to Perrelli, his mother's maiden name. Nicola's brothers are Emilio, whose ex-wife Pernilla Wahlgren and son Benjamin are also singers; and Vito, whose son Sebastian is a member of Swedish House Mafia. After speculation in Swedish media that the couple were experiencing relationship issues, Perrelli and Ingrosso officially announced their separation in June 2008. On 24 September 2009, the couple filed for divorce.

Since 2012, Perrelli has been in a relationship with Anders Jensen. Perrelli gave birth to the couple's first child on 30 July 2013. In October 2018, she gave birth to her fourth child.

Albums
All studio albums and their chart positions in the Swedish Top 60 (SWE).

Soundtracks
Soundtracks containing Charlotte Perrelli songs.
 * 2000: Livet är en schlager soundtrack – "Jag vill bara älska med dig"

Compilations
Compilations containing Charlotte Perrelli songs.
 * 1999: Absolute '99: The Best of 1999 – "Take Me to Your Heaven"
 * 1999: Mr Music Hits – Vol 7, 1999 – "Take Me to Your Heaven"
 * 1999: Maximum Dance – Vol 7, 1999 – "Take Me to Your Heaven"
 * 1999: Absolute Music 30 – "Take Me to Your Heaven"
 * 1999: 100% Semester – Vol 4 – "Take Me to Your Heaven"
 * 2000: Eurovision Song Contest 1956–1999 – "Take Me to Your Heaven"
 * 2000: Barn 2000 – "Behöver Dig Nu"
 * 2000: Schooldays – "Tusen och en Natt"
 * 2001: Melodifestivalen 2001 – "Tusen och en Natt"
 * 2008: Melodifestivalen 2008 – "Hero"
 * 2012: "Melodifestivalen 2012" – "The Girl"
 * 2015: "Very Best of Eurovision Song Contest - 60th Anniversary" – "Take Me to Your Heaven"

title: Charlotte Perrelli


text:
Brütsch Mopetta

The Brütsch Mopetta is an egg-shaped, single-seat, three-wheel automobile manufactured from 1956 to 1958 with a total production of 14. It was the smallest in a series of microcars designed by Egon Brütsch.

With a single wheel at the front, the Mopetta is an open roadster with a fiberglass body, with one example having a detachable, transparent, folding hood. The Mopetta used a 50 cc ILO V50 engine with a pull start and an integral three-speed gearbox.

Top speed was tested at 22 mph, with an average fuel consumption of 111 mpgimp.

Each Mopetta cost £200 (c£2000, 2017) as the most produced car by Brütsch, only 5 are known to survive. There were negotiations with Opel to distribute the car, but only sales brochures were produced.

A Brütsch Mopetta replica is available, built in the UK with a modern Honda automatic engine.

title: Brütsch Mopetta


text:
Talk:Clarksville, Indiana

first settlement in the northwest territory
I am thinking about doing some work on this article with refs and such. I have a question though in case any other editer watches this article. It state that clarksville is the first settlement in the northwest territory. Now does this mean the first american settlement? First permenant settlment? Or just what. The reason I ask is that Vincennes was established as early as 1712 as a stockade and maintained a permenant european presence, with women and priests, from about 1750 on. The french also had some non permenant settlements during the early and mid 1700s. I am going to try and research that out a little, but if someone knows the awnser off-hand it would be most usful! Thanks. Charles Edward 14:48, 17 April 2008 (UTC)

 * I recently acquired the nomination form for the Old Clarksville Site, so I'll look at its terminology, but it probably is "First American settlement".-- Bedford 16:15, 17 April 2008 (UTC)

 * I think someone tried to refine the text of the article to sound better and it came out to be an error. The Town of Clarksville is the Oldest American Town in the Northwest Territory while Vincennes, Indiana might be the Oldest settlement in the Northwest Territory. While Vincennes started out as town it is now a city. Which would make Clarksville the oldest Town, and also Vinvennes started out as a French establishment so inserting the term American would provide that it is fine to bill it as the Oldest American Town.... This should be clarified, but I think a consensus should be reached before doing so. The current statement includes it to be the oldest American establishment, Which it becomes unclear when we could consider Vincinnes, American. This is all in the terminology and I think it would be best to use "Clarksville is the Oldest American Town in the Northwest Territory" to help avoid confusion - Jahnx ( talk ) 23:51, 20 April 2008 (UTC)

 * I think that sounds good. Vincennes is definatly of French orgin, the very name is French, and it's inhabitants where largely francophone and formed a majority of the population until at least 1785, and where the principle landholders until at least 1804 according to "The Colonial History of Vincennes" by Judge Law. Lafayette( Fort Ouitonenon) and Fort Wayne(Fort Miamis) would be the only other two "settlments" of note, but it appears that both of the, had a lapse of time where they were uninhabited during the 1760s-1780s, and both were also of definate french origin at that time.  I think "Clarksville is the oldest American Town in the Northwest Territory" or "Clarksville is the oldest American settlement in the Northwest Territory" is fine. Also I think it would be ok to say "Clarksville is the second oldest permanent settlement in the Indiana." or  "Clarksville is the third oldest permanent settlement in the Northwest Territory" (Vincennes and Detriot would both be older). Charles Edward 01:44, 21 April 2008 (UTC)
 * I changed the word settlement to town, if you can verify that fact that Clarksville is the third oldest permanent settlement in the northwest territory then we should add it. I would also include in the phrase which other places were older. - Jahnx ( talk ) 18:34, 22 April 2008 (UTC)

My findings on the old settlements of the Northwest Territory
I've never read a source that says "Clarksville is the third oldest permanent Settlement", so for that reason in my be inapporriate to add it. But it can be established. There where non-permanent settlments established by the french in Indiana, (i will use the modern names to avoid confusion) Lafayette, Fort Wayne, Terre Haute, and Vincennes. After the French Indian war the English took all three posts. Vincennes was kept with a more or less permanent garrison and a french population (which was largely mixed the the natives) where permitted to stay there and the settlment and land titles where conferred to them by the British, "The Colonial History of Vincennes, By Judge Law", so vincennes is established as permanent from about 1755 or so on. Lafayette, Terre Haute, and Fort Wayne where all also capture by the Brits. No such land grants where given their inhabitants because they were almost entirely native americans. The Brits destroyed the forts by the 1770s and forced the french to leave to areas except for trade, "Empires At War, by William M. Fowler" That establishes those three as abandoned between 1770 and at least until 1785 or so when the Americans decided to build forts there (this is also why the names changed, because they were not a continuation of the old settlment), So that establishes Indiana's pre-clarksville settlements

Now the whole of the Northwest Territory includes some other some other settlments. But there, the only permenant one, where the brits didnt run out the french was Detriot (they ran out the french but the Brits's remained there permantly until the Americans took it). That Establishes detriot as older than clarksville. Now the only other settlment of any note was kasaskia. And I am not perfectly sure about that. So i will try to look it up. Empires at War is a good book to reference all this in because it notes the explusion of the French and whether or not the Brits kept it. Charles Edward 19:03, 22 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Viola! Kaskaskia was, Grand Village of the Illinois, was abandoned in 1691 first. It was rebuilt a few years later. Then in 1763 the British entirely destroyed it. It was rebuilt again about 1770 only be capture by clark in the revolution. Then it was the capitol of Illinois Territory for two years and later capitol of that state. Today it is population nine and incorporated as a village.

 * Also I have found a good list in a book called "Land of Promise: The Story of the Northwest Territory, by Walter Havighurst" It lists them in this order from the oldest to newest 1.Detriot-1701 2.Vincennes-1732 3.Green Bay - 1754. 4. Clarksville - 1783. 5.Kaskaskia 1787, 6.the next four are all in ohio in fairly rapid succession. It looks like he is using their incorporation dates though, not the date of the first settlers. These all appear, except detriot, to have had settlers for several years before their incorporation Charles Edward 12:36, 24 April 2008 (UTC)

 * When deciding the age they usually follow the incorpriation date. Finding correct and accurate dates on when settlements began is difficult. - Jahnx ( talk ) 00:07, 25 April 2008 (UTC)

i love working at texas roadhouse and would love for yall to put one near me now like nashville tn, or clarksville tn.its a great place to work and love the food it would be nice my family came up to chatt just to eat there so i would love for yhu 2 put one here!!!!! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 8.27.210.210 (talk) 05:34, 25 July 2011 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Clarksville, Indiana


text:
Talk:John Mauchly

Pronunciation
Mauchly is pronounced MOCKly: there is no "ch" sound. Jfgrcar 04:41, 15 December 2005 (UTC)

Flip-flop circuit claim
According to articles in Wikipedia on Flip-flop (electronics) and William Eccles, the flip-flop circuit was invented and patented by Eccles and F.W. Jordan in 1919, not by Mauchly. If there is evidence that Mauchly invented it at Ursinus College, it should be provided here. (But Mauchly was at Ursinus from 1933 to 1941) Mauchly never claimed he invented the flip-flop. He was well aware of the Eccles-Jordan circuit. He always claimed that it was the use of the flip-flop as a high-speed counter to count cosmic rays at Swarthmore that first inspired him to compute electronically. --Zebbie 20:00, 10 January 2006 (UTC)

ENIAC patent case
In his October 30, 1968 deposition in the Honeywell Inc. v. Sperry Rand Corp. case, Mauchly testified that he arrived at the concept of an electronic, general purpose computer while at Ursinus, and had discussed it with others, but could not recall the names of anyone to whom he had revealed this. He was able to produce no evidence of an interest in digital circuits prior to June of 1941, when he visited Atanasoff and examined the Atanasoff–Berry Computer.

These quotes from the findings of Judge Larson (Oct. 19, 1973) in the ENIAC patent case constitute settled law:
 * 3.1.17 – Prior to his visit to Ames, Iowa, Mauchly had been broadly interested in electrical analog calculating devices, but had not conceived an automatic electronic digital computer.
 * 3.1.18 – As a result of this visit, the discussions of Mauchly with Atanasoff and Berry, the demonstrations, and the review of the manuscript, Mauchly derived from the ABC "the invention of the automatic electronic digital computer" claimed in the ENIAC patent.

This information can be found in Clark Mollenhoff's biography of Atanasoff. Mollenhoff was both a Pulitzer prize winning journalist and a lawyer.

This is not to argue that Mauchly made no advances on the work of Atanasoff, only that his claims of originality and priority in attempting to patent ENIAC were false. --Blainster 21:28, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

There is, however, a difference between something settled as far as a court is concerned and something settled as far as history is concerned. (Especially as the question now has no legal meaning, all patents having expired). The answer really depends on "what do you mean by invent?" and "what do you mean by computer?" There is no single inventor, but ENIAC is a much more important machine historically than ABC and was bigger contribution.--67.53.1.193 05:46, 11 September 2006 (UTC)

ABC computing speed
The calculations of the ABC were done with vacuum tube logic circuits, and thus were order of magnitude faster than electro-mechanical computers such as the much later Harvard Mark I. It did have a rotating drum memory system, which limited it to 30 operations per second. The one second per operation that anonymous 141.158.42.148 refers to, was the printout speed per page, not the calculation speed. --Blainster 00:14, 11 September 2005 (UTC)

I don't think it's valid to try to guess how fast one component of the machine would be if it were somehow used in another design. Arthur Burks, certainly an authority on it's workings, puts the ABC's speed much lower that 30 per second; I believe he thinks you must consider the time it takes to solve a problem, including the human handling of intermediate results on punch cards. 30 OPS is the "peak" rate: one second to do 30 simultaneous additions. --70.90.6.230 18:17, 20 January 2006 (UTC)

Programmability
Today's definition of computer programmability did not apply to either ABC or ENIAC. ABC was single purpose, and programming the ENIAC meant a few days of rewiring. Use of stored programs was not part of the ENIAC patent claim, even though it was programmable in the sense of being manually rewirable for general purpose use. However the prior design disclosures in Von Neumann's document apparently contributed to the weakness of Mauchly and Eckert's claim through no fault of their own. Ironically, Eckert's advances in memory design for the EDVAC (which served as a basis for Von Neumann's design) employed Atanasoff's ideas of binary operation and regenerative memory. --Blainster 22:58, 19 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I disagree with (Blainster 19-Jan) comments above and the edits that removed "programmability."

 * Defined by the Wikipedia: "A computer is a machine capable of undergoing complex calculations. The calculations proceed according to a program — a list of instructions."

 * The ENIAC was programmable and therefore a computer. "Rewiring" is probably a misleading term; the machine was designed to follow a sequence of instructions, and the sequence was defined by the positions of patchcords and switches.  It was in every sense a program; just not a stored program.  The Z3 and the Harvard Mark I are also considered programmable machines, although perhaps not "Turing-complete."

 * The ABC was just not programmable. It did one thing at a time, under operator control.  Besides read and write punch cards and convert them from decimal to binary, the only operation it performed automatically was to add or subtract the same number repeatedly.

 * The point is that there is a specific definition of computer, but also a more general one. The general class of things that manipulate numbers will include the ABC, as well as including a desk calculator or a punch card tabulator.  The specific computer must have calculations that "proceed according to a program."  Within that class of computer we can then differentiate whether the program was hard-wired, set by switches, stored on paper tape, stored in the same memory as the data, etc.

 * But the ABC wasn't in that class. The complex steps needed to solve a series of simultaneous equations were not part of the ABC.  Like a calculator, it required a human to choose and activate the next step.  (In addition, the operations available were not general purpose, so one could argue that even as a calculator it was a special-purpose calculator.)

 * Programmability is absolutely fundamental to the definition of a computer - and that is why Judge Larson's bold statement has been questioned. I think it belongs in the text.

--70.90.6.230 18:03, 20 January 2006 (UTC)

 * 1) I agree that one common understanding of the word computer today is that it includes reprogrammability. This definition is given in the Wikipedia article about computers.  However, Wikipedia does not qualify as a recursive source for its own material, and I see no references for that information in the article.  According to the Microsoft Computer Dictionary, third edition, 2000, a computer is any machine that does three things: accepts structured input, processes it according to prescribed rules, and produces the results as output. This published definition does not happen to include a requirement for reprogrammability, and it is a relatively recent definition. I expect you can find one that supports your position.  The point is, it is not as clear-cut as you suggest. --Blainster 05:35, 14 August 2006 (UTC)

 * 2) The definition of a computer has evolved since the early 1940s, when it typically referred to a person who computes. You are applying your 21st century definition to a mid-20th century machine. You are certainly free to do so, but you should not assume that the word means the same thing today as it did in 1946, or even in 1973 when Judge Larson made his decision. --Blainster 05:35, 14 August 2006 (UTC)

 * 3) It happens that the ABC shares two characteristics with all modern computers, that ENIAC lacked. The ABC used binary logic and regenerative capacitor memory, so it is a more advanced design in that respect. However, ENIAC was a great leap in speed and general purpose design. No surprise, considering it was a vastly larger and more expensive project. Eckert & Mauchly deserve the credit for building a successful machine, and creating the computer industry.  But that does not diminish the accomplishments of Atanasoff, without whom Mauchly might never have built a computer. --Blainster 05:35, 14 August 2006 (UTC)

 * 4) Regarding my recent edit, of course the ABC did follow a sequence of computational steps, (or program). It's "program" was hardwired, so could not be changed. --Blainster 05:35, 14 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Regarding Blainster's item #4 directly above:
 * You have stated the simple misunderstanding that is at the heart of the whole issue. The ABC simply did not, could not, do a sequence of different operations automatically.  It was designed to be tended to by a human.  It's fascinating, really, to see how many steps the operator has to do.  On the website for the re-created ABC they have a video showing someone solving a very simple problem (two unknowns, I think.)  It seems to take forever, with all the card handling and switch flipping between each step. Zebbie 16:23, 5 April 2007 (UTC)

On "hardwire" The term hardwire means "To connect equipment or components permanently in contrast to using switches, plugs, or connectors." By this definition, ENIAC wasn't hardwired. It was wired, to be sure, but the wires weren't soldered in place. Zebbie 16:23, 5 April 2007 (UTC)
 * ??? - I used "hardwired" to apply to the ABC, not ENIAC. --Blainster 17:44, 5 April 2007 (UTC)

Article criticisms
There are a lot of factual mistakes on this page. Just off the top of my head:

1) Mauchly and Eckert did NOT invent subroutines. The word was first used and with its present meaning in a report written by John von Neumann.

Goldstine, H. H. and von Neumann, J., Planning and coding of problems for an electronic computing instrument, Part II, Volume 3, IAS report, 1948. Pages 215--235 in volume 5 of von Neumann's collected works.

The first computer programming textbook, which also discussed subroutines, was written in 1951, to help program the Cambridge University computer that had been running since 1949.

Wilkes, M. V. and Wheeler, D. J. and Gill, S., The Preparation of Programs for an Electronic Digital Computer, with special reference to the EDSAC and the use of a library of subroutines, Tomash Publishers, Charles Babbage Institute reprint series for the History of Computing, Tomash Publishers, Los Angeles, 1982. Originally published by Addison-Wesley Press in 1951

So other people were writing about and using subroutines in 1948 and 1951, while UNIVAC I was not available until 1951. So explain to me how/where it is known that Mauchly and Eckert invented subroutines?

2) Goldstine "in a move that was to become controversial, removed any reference to Eckert or Mauchly and distributed the document" is false. There never were any references in the letters from which Goldstine assembled the report.

3) "Eckert and Mauchly suffered additional setbacks due to Goldstine's actions" is also false. By the time the patent case went to court some 15 years later, Eckert and Mauchly had already lost control of their patents because their company went backrupt.

4) I would like to see a supporting reference to the claim that Mauchly's use of "to program" was the first use. The first use of the word with its *modern" meaning is described in this article:

Grier, D. A., "The ENIAC, the Verb ``to program'' and the Emergence of Digital Computers," IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, (1996), 18(1):51--55.

I could go on. This needs a lot of cleaning up. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Joseph Grcar (talk • contribs) 2007-03-07T01:22:22

 * Go ahead and be bold in making changes--rest assured, your changes will eventually be evaluated by other editors! :-) I might be able to shed light on your point #1, but it will have to wait for a later date, as I'm away from my notes; your point #3 neglects the infamous Moore School meeting in which it was determined that Eckert and Mauchly would not be able to patent the EDVAC (and thus the stored program concept)--and nor would von Neumann and Goldstine--because of the widespread distribution of the First Draft facilitated by Goldstine.  The complete transcript of the meeting can be found in the HvSR exhibits.  It is also discussed in the most recent Burks book.  (The meeting is sometimes described as contentious and acrimonious, both by historians and by people who were there.  The transcript of the meeting does not necessarily reflect this perspective, a fact pointed out by Burks, but IMHO, it is difficult to determine the mood of a meeting simply from its transcript.  The fact remains that Eckert-Mauchly and Goldstine-von Neumann were not friendly after that point.)  Robert K S 11:04, 7 March 2007 (UTC)
 * And the above is not to say I think the text Joe objects to couldn't be improved to reflect a more neutral point of view. Robert K S 12:35, 7 March 2007 (UTC)

The transcript of the patent meeting can be found at:

Stern, N., "Minutes of 1947 Patent Conference, Moore School of Electrical Engineering, University of Pennsylvania," Annals of the History of Computing, 1985, 7(2):100--116.

This transcript shows that Mauchly and Eckert had no concern about rights to "the stored program concept". Such a patent would not have held up because similar ideas had already been had and were implemented by Konrad Zuse in Germany for relay computers. He did eventually file patents and IBM was careful to license them early on. I do not know whether the Zuse patents were ever tested in court.

The transcript also shows that the real reason for the patent meeting was to get rid of von Neumann. All through 1945 the goverment lawyers were advising Mauchly and Eckert to file patent disclosures. They could have done the same with the intellectual property of the First Fraft Report, but that would have menat having to deal with von Neumann. To the WASP lawyers who got government jobs at that time, John von Neumann was a just a jewish guy who talked funny and was dangerous because he seemed to know important people. So the lawyers kept silent until they were certain the time to file patents on the First Draft expired.

Joseph Grcar 17:47, 7 March 2007 (UTC)

 * 3) "Eckert and Mauchly suffered additional setbacks due to Goldstine's actions" is also false. By the time the patent case went to court some 15 years later, Eckert and Mauchly had already lost control of their patents because their company went backrupt.
 * I don't think this is accurate. Their company (EMCC) never went bankrupt; they sold it to Remington Rand.  Their patents went along with the sale, and the later sale/merger into Sperry Rand.  The eventual lawsuit was Honeywell vs. Sperry Rand.  Eckert & Mauchly no longer controlled the patents personally, but their legal successors still controlled them. T-bonham (talk) 09:10, 5 April 2009 (UTC)

Loss of clearance during the Red Scare
Another problem is the lack of any mention of Mauchly's loss of clearance/restraining order against his entering company property of the firm he co-owned. Since this led rather directly to the failure of that firm, why isn't it included here, as it is on the entry for the Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation? Drieux (talk) 00:03, 15 September 2008 (UTC)

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"...removed any reference to Eckert or Mauchly"
Regarding the "First Draft", the article says "Goldstine, in a move that was to become controversial, removed any reference to Eckert or Mauchly and distributed the document to a number of von Neumann's associates across the country." I see this was challenged in point 2 of Joseph Grcar's 7 March 2007 comments, but was never addressed subsequently. I've added a cn tag for now. There is a big difference between neglecting to add credits in typing up someone else's notes and deliberately deleting them. I haven't found any such assertion elsewhere and am inclined to delete it unless a source is provided soon.--agr (talk) 21:08, 17 August 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:John Mauchly


text:
Talk:Sellersburg, Indiana

Image
It will probably be a few days but I can take a picture of "downtown" Sellersburg to add to this article. Spastic Legend (talk) 07:32, 23 May 2012 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: Research Seminar in Digital and Public History
— Assignment last updated by HistoryGen (talk) 05:31, 19 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sellersburg, Indiana


text:
User talk:Mafew

A welcome from Sango123
Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions; I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We're glad to have you in our community! Here are a few good links for newcomers:

 * If you haven't already, drop by the New user log and tell others a bit about yourself.
 * Always sign your posts on talk pages! That way, others will know who left which comments.
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * Simplified Ruleset
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Wikipedia Glossary
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also the Topical index.

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Though we all make goofy mistakes, here is what Wikipedia is not. If you have any questions or concerns, don't hesitate to see the help pages or add a question to the village pump. The Community Portal can also be very useful.

Happy Wiki-ing!

-- Sango  123  21:29, August 24, 2005 (UTC)

P.S. Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you need help with anything or simply wish to say hello. :)

Nomination of Culdee Fell Railway for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Culdee Fell Railway is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Culdee Fell Railway until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Hog Farm Bacon 02:10, 17 August 2020 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mafew


text:
One More Chance (Madonna song)

"One More Chance" is a song by American singer Madonna for her ballads compilation album, Something to Remember (1995). Written and produced by Madonna and David Foster, it was released on March 7, 1996 by Maverick Records as the album's second single in Australia and Japan, and the third single in the European countries. An acoustic pop ballad, the song lyrically talks about attempting to win a lost lover back. The song was inspired by Madonna's real life experience, but she wrote it from the opposite point of view.

The song received positive response from music critics, who praised its musical simplicity and Madonna's vocal delivery. "One More Chance" peaked at number two in Italy and charted within the top forty in Australia, Finland, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. Since Madonna was busy filming the musical Evita, the song received little promotion and no accompanying music video.

Background and writing
In November 1995, Madonna released a compilation album, Something to Remember, featuring a selection of her ballads over a decade of her career and three new songs. "One More Chance" was one of the new songs she composed alongside Canadian musician David Foster. It was released as the album's second single in Australia and Japan, and the third single in the European countries on March 7, 1996. The Spanish version of "You'll See", titled "Verás", appeared as the B-side of the single release. Foster initially did not expect Madonna would collaborate with him, as he believed that his music was not "really hip enough for her." Madonna and Foster worked on the song during the writing and recording session for Something to Remember, in the third weekend of September 1995.

According to biographer Barbara Victor in the book Goddess: Inside Madonna, Madonna wrote the song during her six-month vocal training with vocal coach Joan Leder in preparation of her role in the musical Evita. In a January 1996 interview with Spin magazine, Madonna said that the song was inspired by a happy moment in her life, when she gave a chance to a man she knew, and he was able to fulfill it to her needs. She reversed the situation and wrote the song. Madonna explained, "Often in my songwriting, I take things people say to me and turn them around, and put it in the first person. So it's actually something that was said to me." Madonna did not reveal the name of the person who became the main subject of the song.

Recording and composition
"One More Chance" was produced and arranged by Madonna and David Foster. Recording process of the song was done in Brooklyn Studios and assisted by Ronnie Rivera. It was engineered and mixed by David Reitzas, who also produced the remix of "Love Don't Live Here Anymore" for the same album. Simon Franglen provided synclavier programming for the song. Only three instruments were used for the song—acoustic guitar played Dean Parks, cello played by Suzie Katayama and keyboard played by David Foster.

"One More Chance" is an acoustic pop ballad. It is set in the time signature of common time, having a tempo of 92 beats per minute. The song is played in the key of F major, with a basic sequence of Cmaj7–Bm7–Am7–Bm7 as its chord progression, while piano and guitar are used to play the background music. Madonna's voice spans from G3 to B♭4. The verses start off with F major and then the chorus leans towards D minor, the bridge and the ending sections changes to D major. Louis Virtel from Idolator said on the song "[Madonna] begs for forgiveness, and her only accompaniment is stark acoustic strumming." Madonna utilized her vocal lessons for Evita during the recording of "You'll See" and "One More Chance". She said "If you listen to those songs, you can hear how I was trying to absorb and utilize what I was learning for the recording of Evita."

The song begins with the sound of a finger-picked acoustic guitar, reminiscent of "More Than Words" (1991) by American rock band Extreme. The composition has an organic arrangement, devoid of any synths and sequencing, and only based on guitars and subdued strings. A number of chord changes happen throughout the song as Madonna sings the lyrics, accompanied by an interval gap after the end of each chorus with the line "if you care for me". The bridge section portrays a combination between the harmonies and the guitars, as the key changes. "One More Chance" ends with a brief pause of Madonna's solo vocals, couple of guitar chords and then it dissipates with a final strung of a major chord on the instrument.

Critical reception
Ken Tucker of Entertainment Weekly wrote that "One More Chance" is just one of the "consumer enticements that just add to the allure." Billboard critic Timothy White called it "bittersweet serenade." J. D. Considine from The Baltimore Sun called the song "the album's greatest surprise". He explained, "this David Foster song is quite demanding vocally, requiring a wider range and more power than anything else on the album. Yet Madonna more than lives up to the challenge, showing enough power and polish to make even Madonna-phobes admit she can sing. Louis Virtel from music website Idolator wrote, "No other Madonna song sounds quite like it, and it holds up as a melancholic statement against grander compositions like 'You'll See' and 'I'll Remember'." J. Randy Taraborrelli, author of Madonna: An Intimate Biography, called the song, along with "You'll See", as one of "the most sombre songs [Madonna] has ever recorded." Tirzah Agassi from The Jerusalem Post felt the song is "much more shallow" than "You'll See". Adam Graham from The Detroit News called the song "a sparse acoustic ballad" on which Madonna warmed up her pre-Evita pipes.

Writing for the website TheBacklot.com in 2012, Louis Virtel ranked the song at number 84 on "The 100 Greatest Madonna Songs", saying that the song is "nothing more than a guitar and Madonna's torch-song trilling, and it's more effective than anything you've heard out of Taylor Swift's mouth in the past five years". Rikky Rooksby, author of The Complete Guide to the Music of Madonna was critical of the song. He panned the lyrics, saying they were "bland" and felt that Madonna's singing "lacked confidence and improvisation needed to make this kind of [song] really come alive". Also critical was The Guardian's Jude Rogers, who wrote that "there are better cuts on her Something to Remember anthology" and placed the song at number 62 on her ranking of Madonna's singles. Writing for Slant Magazine, Paul Schrodt opined that "due in part to her limited vocal range, Madonna’s ballads are often refreshingly understated compared to those of her contemporaries [...] on 'One More Chance' [...] however, she sounds downright pitiable".

Chart performance
"One More Chance" entered the UK Singles Chart at number 11 on March 23, 1996. It dropped to number 29 in its second week and stayed on the top 100 for four weeks. According to the Official Charts Company, the single had sold 56,851 copies in the United Kingdom as of August 2008. In Australia, the song debuted at number 43 on the ARIA Singles Chart on March 24, 1996. It peaked at number 35 on the chart and stayed within the top 50 for five weeks. In Italy, "One More Chance" debuted at number ten on the FIMI Singles Chart on April 6, 1996. The next week, the single reached a peak of number two on the chart, staying there for one week before descending the chart. In Finland, the song entered the singles chart at number 14 in the 13th week of 1996. It appeared on the chart for four weeks with peak position at number 12. In Sweden, the song debuted and peaked at number 39 on March 29, 1996, staying on the chart for three weeks. Due to its weak performance in European countries, "One More Chance" only managed to peak at number 50 on the European Hot 100 Singles chart on April 13, 1996.

Promotion and cover versions
Released while Madonna was busy filming the musical Evita, the song had little promotion and no official music video was shot. A montage video was shown on MTV which combined clips from the music videos for "Rain", "You'll See", I Want You", "Take a Bow" and "La Isla Bonita". Madonna has never performed the song live.

In 2000, the song was covered in Spanish by Mexican pop duo Sentidos Opuestos with the title "Hoy que no estás" (English: "Today That You're Not Here"). The Spanish lyrics were written by Donato Póveda. It was included in their fifth studio album, Movimiento perpetuo, released October 10, 2000, by EMI Latin. In 2012, Selena Gomez covered the song for the tribute album dedicated to David Foster, Love Affair Revisited.

Track listings and formats

 * UK CD single and Japanese CD maxi-single
 * 1) "One More Chance" (Album Version) – 4:25
 * 2) "You'll See" (Spanish Version) – 4:20
 * 3) "You'll See" (Spanglish Version) – 4:20

 * UK 7-inch and cassette single
 * 1) "One More Chance" (Album Version) – 4:25
 * 2) "You'll See" (Spanish Version) – 4:20

Credits and personnel
Credits are adapted from the album's liner notes.
 * Madonna – songwriter, producer, arranger, vocals
 * David Foster – songwriter, producer, arranger, keyboards
 * Simon Franglen – synclavier, programming
 * Suzie Katayama – cello
 * Dean Parks – acoustic guitar
 * David Reitzas – engineer, mixing
 * Ronnie Rivera – assistant

title: One More Chance (Madonna song)


text:
Yellowknife River

The Yellowknife River is a river in the Northwest Territories, Canada. It flows south and empties into Yellowknife Bay, part of Great Slave Lake, at the city of Yellowknife. The lake is drained by the Mackenzie River into the Arctic Ocean as part of the largest drainage basin in Canada. The name of the river derives from the Yellowknives Dene, a First Nations people who have lived in the area for thousands of years.

The city of Yellowknife draws its water supply from the river.

title: Yellowknife River


text: Talk:Utica, Indiana

title: Talk:Utica, Indiana


text:
Simply Mortified

Simply Mortified is the second studio album by American rock duo BS 2000. It was released on February 6, 2001 through Grand Royal. Recording sessions took place at The Dungeon in New York. Production was handled by members Ad-Rock and Amery "AWOL" Smith. It features guest appearance from Janay North. The album was preceded by a single "Buddy" and promotional singles "The Scrappy" and "It Feels Like".

Personnel

 * Adam "Ad-Rock" Horovitz – songwriter (tracks: 1-6, 8-20), producer, mixing (tracks: 10, 13, 15, 18) , recording
 * Amery "AWOL" Smith – songwriter (tracks: 1-6, 8-20), producer, mixing (tracks: 10, 13, 15, 18) , recording
 * Granville Alexander "Sascha" Burland – songwriter (track 7)
 * Janay North – featured artist (track 4)
 * James Murphy – mixing (tracks: 1-12, 14, 16, 17, 19, 20)
 * Tim Goldsworthy – mixing (tracks: 1-12, 14, 16, 17, 19, 20)
 * Dave Pinsky – mixing (tracks: 10, 13, 15, 18)

title: Simply Mortified


text:
Au (mobile phone company)

au, or au by KDDI, is a Japanese mobile phone operator. au is a brand marketed by KDDI in the main islands of Japan and by Okinawa Cellular in Okinawa for their mobile cellular services. au is the second-largest wireless carrier in Japan, with 60.398 million subscribers as of March 2021.

Naming
According to the brand creator, the name 'au' is based on the Japanese verbs for 'meet' (会う) and 'unite' (合う) (both pronounced 'au'). However, KDDI explains that au comes from two letters which stand for few words. 'A' is for access, always and amenity, and 'U' is for unique, universal and user. There is also a phrase, 'access to u(you)' that goes along the brand name.

History
The network that would eventually become au was originally set up as two networks: DDI and IDO. IDO's network was based upon the NTT Hi-cap analog cellular system, and began operations in December 1988 in the Kanto and Tokai regions. DDI's network was run by independent phone companies, and began service in 1989 using the TACS system elsewhere in Japan. Nippon Idou Tsushin (IDO) was owned by Toyota, whereas DDI was owned by Kyocera Corporation.

au K.K. (株式会社エーユー) was established in November 2000 by Kyocera as part of the DDI Cellular network. In 2001, the company was merged into KDDI (which had been formed in 2000 by the merger of DDI, KDD, and IDO), but its brand name was retained and applied to all mobile phone service under KDDI group.

au established a nationwide 3G network in 2003, replacing its previous cdmaOne service with CDMA 1X WIN (1xEV-DO Rev A) service.

au started selling the iPhone 4S from 14 October 2011.

au launched LTE service as 'au 4G LTE' in September 2012.

au launched 5G service as 'UNLIMITED WORLD au 5G' on 26 March 2020.

Products and services

 * EZweb: A service which provides various features for mobile phone users, including e-mail, web browsing, picture and video sharing, video conferencing, access to location-based services, games and Emoji. The service runs on traditional cdmaOne mobile phone networks at a data rate of 64 kbit/s or on the new 1xEV-DO Rev A network with up to 3.1 Mbit/s downstream and 1.8 Mbit/s upstream bandwidth. In spring 2004, au became the first cellular phone based data service provider to offer an unlimited use flat-rate plan in Japan.
 * EZweb@mail: Multimedia messaging service.
 * C-mail: Short Message Service
 * EZchakuuta: A service which allows users to use song segments, usually 30 seconds or less, as ring tones. Chakuuta's rights are held by Sony Music Entertainment Japan.
 * Chaku Uta Full: A service distributing full length songs over the mobile network. The selection offered is mainly pop music. The coding format is 48 kbit/s HE-AAC. The size of one piece of music is about 1.5 MiB. Downloaded content is secured on a memory card (miniSD, microSD, Memory Stick PRO Duo, M2) plugged into the mobile, using CPRM copy protection. Chaku-Uta Full is the trademark of Sony Music Entertainment Japan.
 * EZappli: BREW applications.
 * EZmovie: Movie player.
 * EZchannel
 * EZ Machi Uta: A service that allows users to customize their ringback tones with music, etc.
 * EZnavigation: A service which is a component of EZWeb and allows GPS-enabled handsets to plot their position.
 * EZnaviwalk: Gives scrolling map and audio navigation to guide you to your destination. Also displays restaurant, shop and weather information for the area.
 * EZnewsflash: Using BCMCS technology.
 * PC Site Viewer
 * LISMO: au Listen Mobile Service. (Character mascot for this service is LISMO-kun).
 * Global Passport: Global roaming service (CDMA and GSM), the first AU handset requiring a "SIM card" (IC Card).
 * Global Expert: Successor to above
 * EZ FeliCa: Osaifu-Keitai, a payment system.
 * EZ television: An EZappli when watching analog terrestrial broadcasting. Ended on 24 July 2011 in most areas and on 31 March 2012 in Iwate, Miyagi, and Fukushima prefectures.
 * EZ television 1seg: Supports 1seg digital terrestrial broadcasting for phones and mobile devices. Also supports data broadcasts. EZ television 1seg does not support analog television.
 * au 4G LTE: FDD-LTE service.
 * AU internet: an internet service provided by AU through KDDI from Japan.

title: Au (mobile phone company)


text: Template:Halifax class frigate

title: Template:Halifax class frigate


text:
Talk:Torchship

Untitled
The article incorrectly described the use of the term in Heinlein's fiction, where it referred to a drive that supposedly converted any mass directly into energy. (Heinlein also described nuclear fission powered rockets, but didn't call them torchships in his stories.)

The originator of the term may be Heinlein, but it predates Double Star as it was referenced in Farmer in the Sky (1950). The drive or ships using Mass conversion are also referred to as Ortega Torchships and Ortega was the name of the Chief Engineer aboard the Mayflower, the torchship in Farmer in the Sky. Torchships were also referenced in Heinlein's Time for the Stars (1956). I would change the article to reflect the earlier usage, but I'm not sure if there's a still earlier usage.. Jason P Crowell 00:36, 7 September 2007 (UTC)

A Torchship, a converted Torchship is also in Heinlein's Starman Jones (1953), tho there the drive has been replaced with a 'field effect' technology. aajacksoniv (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 14:01, 6 April 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Torchship


text:
Talk:Evansville Regional Airport

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title: Talk:Evansville Regional Airport


text: Category:Compilers by programming language


text:
User talk:LongDongHanks

Why do you bother? As you know, sockpuppet votes aren't counted. You are wasting your time. Ground Zero 21:31, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:LongDongHanks


text: Talk:South Bend International Airport

title: Talk:South Bend International Airport


text:
List of nursing organizations

International nursing organizations

 * International Council of Nurses (ICN)
 * European Federation of Nurses Associations
 * European Forum for National Nursing and Midwifery Associations
 * European Nursing Council
 * European Student Nurses Association (ENSA)
 * European Specialist Nurses Specialist Nurses Organisation

National nursing associations

 * American Nurses Association
 * Association Nationale des Infirmiers & Infirmières du Luxembourg (ANIL)
 * Association nationale des infirmières de Monaco
 * Association Suisse des Infirmières/Infirmiers (ASI)
 * Australian College of Nursing
 * Canadian Indigenous Nurses Association
 * Canadian Nurses Association (CNA)
 * Chinese Nursing Association
 * Croatian Nurses Association
 * Danish Nurses' Organization (DNO)
 * Estonian Nurses Union
 * Emirates Nursing Association (ENA)
 * Finnish Nurses Association
 * German Nurses Association (DBfk)
 * Hellenic National Nurses Association
 * Icelandic Nurses Association (INA)
 * Indian nurses association (India)
 * Irish Nurses and Midwives Organisation (INMO)
 * Japanese Nursing Association
 * Joint Virtual Swedish Nurse Organisation-for international work (JSNO)
 * Lithuanian Nurses Association
 * Malaysian Nurses Association
 * Malta Union of Midwives & Nurses (MUMN)
 * National Council of Nursing Associations of Italy (CNAI)
 * National Association of Nurses and Midwives of Montenegro
 * New Zealand Nurses Organisation
 * Norwegian Nurses Organisation (NNO)
 * Nurses and Midwives Association of Slovenia
 * Nursing Council of Kenya (Nursing in Kenya)
 * Nursing Association of Nepal
 * Order of Nurses (Portugal)
 * Palestinian Nursing and Midwifery Association
 * Philippine Nurses Association
 * Polish Nursing Association
 * Queen’s Nursing Institute
 * Romanian Nursing Association
 * Royal College of Nursing (UK)
 * Russian Nurses Association (RNA)
 * The Trained Nurses' Association of India
 * Turkish Nurses Association
 * United Nurses Association (India)

Certification and accreditation boards

 * American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC)
 * Bangladesh Nursing and Midwifery Council (BNMC)
 * Canadian Association of Schools of Nursing (CASN)
 * National Certification Corporation (NCC)
 * National Council of State Boards of Nursing
 * National League for Nursing Accrediting Commission (NLNAC)
 * Nursing Council of New Zealand
 * Nursing & Midwifery Council United Kingdom
 * Nursing and Midwifery Board of Ireland (NMBI)
 * Indian Nursing Council (see also state nursing councils in India)

Honor societies

 * Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing

Professional Fraternities

 * Alpha Tau Delta (collegiate, professional fraternity in nursing)
 * Chi Eta Phi (collegiate, predominantly African-American professional sorority in nursing)
 * Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery

Specialty organizations

 * Academy of Medical-Surgical Nurses (AMSN)
 * Academy of Neonatal Nursing
 * Alliance of Young Nurse Leaders and Advocates
 * American Academy of Nurse Practitioners
 * American Association of Legal Nurse Consultants
 * American Association of Nurse Anesthetists
 * American College of Nurse Practitioners
 * American Psychiatric Nurses Association
 * Association of Nurses in AIDS Care
 * Association of periOperative Registered Nurses
 * Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses (AWHONN)
 * Canadian Indigenous Nurses Association
 * Irish Association of Directors of Nursing and Midwifery (IADNAM)
 * European Nurse Directors Association (ENDA)
 * Migrant Nurses Ireland (MNI)
 * Nurse Practitioner Association of Canada (NPAC-AIIPC)
 * National Black Nurses Association
 * Philippine Nurses Association of United Kingdom
 * Society of Gynecologic Nurse Oncologists
 * Space Nursing Society

Unions

 * Australian Nursing and Midwifery Federation
 * Canadian Federation of Nurses' Unions (CFNU)
 * California Nurses Association/National Nurses Organizing Committee (CNA/NNOC)
 * Democratic Nursing Organisation of South Africa
 * Finnish Union of Practical Nurses
 * Irish Nurses and Midwives Organisation (INMO)
 * Global Nurses United
 * La Fédération interprofessionnelle de la santé du Québec (FIQ/FIQP)
 * Manitoba Nurses' Union
 * National Nurses United (NNU)
 * New South Wales Nurses and Midwives' Association
 * New Zealand Nurses Organisation
 * Ontario Nurses Association
 * Pennsylvania Association of Staff Nurses and Allied Professionals
 * Queensland Nurses' Union
 * Royal College of Nursing
 * South African Democratic Nurses' Union
 * Tennessee Nurses Association
 * United American Nurses
 * United Nurses of Alberta
 * Washington State Nurses Association

Miscellaneous

 * Alliance of Nurses for Healthy Environments
 * American Academy of Nursing
 * American Association of Colleges of Nursing
 * American Health Care Association
 * American Red Cross Nursing Service
 * Florence Network for Nursing and Midwifery
 * National Institute of Nursing Research
 * National League for Nursing (NLN)
 * Nurse Practitioner Associates for Continuing Education (NPACE)
 * Nursing Students Without Borders
 * National Student Nurses' Association (U.S.)
 * Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario

title: List of nursing organizations


text:
User:ThomasHarte

I created the Bubble Memories page. Let's do some improvement on the the bubble bobble games that need updates (not the puzzle bobble ones yet)

I'm gonna add a screenshot gallery to symphony and memories so dont worry about that

--larsinio 21:24, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

title: User:ThomasHarte


text:
Talk:Interstate 64

Interstate 57?
Would Interstate 57 be a major junction? It leads to Chicago or Memphis and hits I-64 in Mt. Vernon, Illinois, half way between Evansville and St. Louis. --Dustin

They actually run together for a few miles, with 64 westbound and 57 northbound together, and 64 eastbound and 57 southbound. Mt. Vernon is in the middle of nowhere, but it may still be a major junction.--Bedford 22:48, 29 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Mt Vernon is indeed in the middle of nowhere, but this pair of interections are major junctions. In fact almost everytime I drive thru that area there's a traffic jam near the exit to the town between these junctions. Jon 18:37, 18 May 2007 (UTC)

Missouri portion

 * The length listed (31 miles) is the future after construction to I-70 completes & not the current length); the miles have been signed from I-70 for years. (To avoid having to renumber all the exits when construction completes.) Jon 22:57, 17 January 2007 (UTC)

Jon 18:33, 18 May 2007 (UTC)
 * A few details on the ongoing reconstruction effort from the New I-64 site.
 * 2007: I-170 construction near 40, including ramps. (Open during construction). Several bridges reconstructed over 40 East of I-170
 * 2008: US-40 Closed from I-170 (exclusive) to western edge of project. Construction of I-170 continues open during construction. Several bridges reconstructed over 40 both West and East of I-170
 * 2009: US-40 Closed from I-170 (exclusive) to eastern edge of project. Construction of a few bridges over 40 East of I-170 continues.
 * 2010: Final completion of project by July 31. Little anticipated impact for this year.

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Junctions
Should the junctions highway numbers go to the pages for the states' portion of the route or the whole route? NintendoTTTEfan2005 (talk) 07:27, 31 December 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Interstate 64