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Kasper Schmeichel

Kasper Peter Schmeichel (born 5 November 1986) is a Danish professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Scottish Premiership club Celtic and the Denmark national team.

Schmeichel began his career with Manchester City, but had loan spells with Darlington, Bury and Falkirk before he made his first-team debut. Although Schmeichel appeared to have made the City number 1 shirt his own at the start of the 2007–08 season, the emergence of Joe Hart resulted in Schmeichel being loaned to Cardiff City. The signing of Republic of Ireland international Shay Given in 2009 meant that Schmeichel fell even further down the pecking order at City, and he was allowed to link up with former manager Sven-Göran Eriksson at Notts County. He spent only one season with the Magpies as, while it was a very successful one for the club and the player himself, changes to the club's financial position made his departure necessary and his contract was terminated by mutual consent.

Schmeichel joined Leeds United in 2010, but again, his tenure at the club would only last one season before he was the subject of a transfer to Leicester City, where he would again work under Eriksson. Schmeichel went on to make 479 competitive appearances for Leicester over 11 years, during the most successful era in the club's history, winning the Championship in 2014, the Premier League in 2016, and both the FA Cup and FA Community Shield in 2021. Schmeichel signed with Scottish side Celtic in July 2024.

Schmeichel played seventeen games for Denmark under-21s. He was called up to the Denmark national team for the first time in 2011, and was part of their squad at UEFA Euro 2012, but did not make his senior debut until 2013. He has since made over 100 international appearances, and represented his country at the 2018 FIFA World Cup, Euro 2020, the 2022 World Cup and Euro 2024.

Formative years and education
Kasper Schmeichel was born on 5 November 1986 in Copenhagen, Denmark. He is the son of Bente and former Denmark international goalkeeper Peter Schmeichel, and is of Polish descent through his paternal grandfather.

Schmeichel grew up in Denmark during his early years but spent most of his childhood living in England due to his father's playing career. Kasper is a native speaker of both Danish and English, the latter of which he speaks with a somewhat Mancunian accent. He attended Hulme Hall Grammar School in Cheadle Hulme, Stockport, Greater Manchester, and he also attended Saint Julian's School in Portugal while his father played for Sporting CP in Lisbon. When Alex Bruce, son of Kasper's father's former Manchester United teammate Steve Bruce, joined Kasper at Leeds United, the move saw the two players re-unite after both had previously played football together on the streets as children after school.

Youth-team career
Schmeichel started playing organised football in Portugal in 2000, while his father was part of Sporting CP. He played one season in the Estoril youth academy, in which he managed to win a championship. Commenting on his early footballing years, Schmeichel remarked: "Before [Estoril], it wasn't that serious. I have to admit that when I was very small, football did not interest me that much. It was mostly in short periods that it was fun, and then I had enough. So it only started to take shape when I was 12-13 years old".

In 2001, Schmeichel moved to Denmark where he attended Oure Efterskole, an efterskole or voluntary independent residential school for young people finishing their primary education. Schmeichel said in an interview with Euroman in 2014: "At Oure, I was part of an environment and met a coach who made me want to develop even more as a goalkeeper". Schmeichel, at the time, was described as hard-working and dedicated by coach Bo Pedersen. While enrolled at Oure, Schmeichel trialled with Brøndby, but would instead move to Manchester City after another successful trial.

Manchester City

Schmeichel joined Manchester City in September 2002 on a long-term contract, which covered schoolboy, scholar and professional terms. He joined League Two side Darlington on a loan deal in January 2006, where he made his professional first-team debut against Peterborough United at the Darlington Arena on 14 January 2006. Darlington won the game 2–1, with Schmeichel conceding a goal to Peterborough striker James Quinn. He gained his first clean sheet three days later against Grimsby Town. He made two further appearances before returning to Manchester City.

One month after returning to Manchester City, he was loaned out again, this time to Bury in February, where he made 15 appearances in a three-month loan spell. He returned to Bury for a further three months the following season.

Schmeichel joined Scottish Premier League side Falkirk on loan from January 2007 until the end of the 2006–07 season. He was named man of the match against Rangers on 18 February 2007. He also saved a Craig Beattie penalty in a 1–0 win over Celtic on 18 March 2007. He revealed in May he would have liked his loan at Falkirk extended, and the club expressed an interest in signing him.

Schmeichel made his Manchester City debut against West Ham United in August 2007. He played against City's rivals and his boyhood team Manchester United on 19 August 2007 and kept a clean sheet in City's 1–0 home win. Schmeichel saved a penalty from Arsenal's Robin van Persie on 25 August 2007 at the Emirates Stadium. Despite City losing 1–0 to Arsenal, he was named man of the match. He played the first seven of Manchester City's games in the 2007–08 Premier League, keeping clean sheets against Manchester United, West Ham, Aston Villa and Derby County, conceding only five goals.

He signed a new four-year deal with City in September 2007. This was then followed up with an agreement to go on a one-month loan with Championship side Cardiff City on 25 October 2007. He made his debut for Cardiff on 27 October 2007 in a 1–1 draw with Scunthorpe United. He was named 2007 Danish Under-21 Talent of the Year.

Towards the end of the loan spell, Schmeichel requested that he would be allowed to stay on at Cardiff for a longer period and on 22 November, the loan spell was extended until the new year, with manager Sven-Göran Eriksson stating that he could possibly stay at the club for the rest of the season providing Manchester City do not suffer an injury crisis. After Eriksson named Joe Hart as the number one goalkeeper at Manchester City, however, Andreas Isaksson requested a transfer. This meant that Eriksson would not allow Cardiff to keep Schmeichel after his initial loan period ended on 2 January. On 31 December, Eriksson threw Cardiff a lifeline by opening talks for Schmeichel to stay at Ninian Park. Schmeichel would be allowed to stay for two more matches should Isaksson not move until late in the January transfer window. Schmeichel had stated he would like to play for Cardiff again in the future. Schmeichel, however, returned to Eastlands the day after his initial loan expired.

He joined Coventry City on loan until the end of the season on 13 March. Towards the end of the season, his father, Peter Schmeichel, commented during a TV interview that his son was not happy at Manchester City and was set to leave following the end of the season.

Despite wanting to leave, Schmeichel returned to the City of Manchester Stadium at the end of the season and changed to the number 16 shirt. He repeatedly stated that he wanted to leave City and regretted signing a four-year contract.

On 16 November, Schmeichel entered a game as a substitute after Joe Hart injured his ankle in the 14th minute. City went on to a 2–2 result with Hull City. In December 2008, Schmeichel played his last game for Manchester City in a UEFA Cup match against Racing de Santander.

Notts County
On 14 August 2009, Schmeichel signed for League Two side Notts County in a deal that is believed to have broken the club's previous transfer record. The transfer reunited Schmeichel with his former Manchester City manager, Sven-Göran Eriksson, who had recently been appointed director of football for Notts. He was the highest paid player at the club, earning £1 million annually. He made his debut on 22 August and kept a clean sheet in the side's 3–0 win against Dagenham & Redbridge. In September 2009, Schmeichel almost scored with an audacious overhead kick against Morecambe when he came up from a corner late on in the game.

A fine string of performances in October earned Schmeichel the Player of the Month award. During Schmeichel's stay at The Magpies, the club conceded only 0.67 goals per League Two match (29 goals conceded in 43 league appearances). Schmeichel's clean-sheets-to-game-ratio at Notts County was an impressive 55.8 percent (24 out of 43 league appearances). On 27 April, Schmeichel and Notts County secured the 2009–10 League Two title and promotion to League One with a 5–0 win against already relegated Darlington. Shortly before the game, it was announced that Notts County agreed to release Schmeichel at the end of the season, despite having four years left on his contract. The reasoning behind this was financial: Schmeichel earned a reported £15,000 per week, having been signed during the brief ownership period of high-spending Munto Finance in the summer 2009. Schmeichel agreed to forgo all his future wages, something which chairman Ray Trew described as "a huge concession by such a young man".

Leeds United
On 27 May 2010, having been linked with both Premier League and Bundesliga clubs, Schmeichel signed a two-year contract with Leeds United, joining the club on 1 July 2010. Schmeichel was given the number 1 shirt at Leeds for the 2010–11 season and was made Leeds' first choice goalkeeper for the forthcoming season, ahead of Shane Higgs. He made his debut for the club on Saturday 7 August 2010 in Leeds' opening Football League Championship match against Derby County. Despite Leeds losing 2–1, Schmeichel put in an impressive performance, making several crucial saves during the match. After a string of impressive games for Leeds, Schmeichel was nominated for the August Championship Player of the Month award, but lost out to Queens Park Rangers winger Adel Taarabt. Schmeichel, however, did win Sky Sports Championship Player of the Month award for August.

After picking up a tendon injury in his foot, Schmeichel missed the game against Swansea City and was ruled out of Leeds' next few games. While out injured, Schmeichel appeared on Soccer AM as one of the guests on the show. After just under two months out, Schmeichel returned to the Leeds starting line-up against Cardiff City. He was set to play against Coventry City on 6 November, but due to the birth of his first child the night before, he missed the game.

On 8 January 2011, Schmeichel helped Leeds earn a 1–1 draw against Arsenal in the FA Cup Third Round match at the Emirates Stadium. After the match, Arsenal captain Cesc Fàbregas commented that Schmeichel should have received the match ball for his performance. Although Leeds lost the replay 3–1, Schmeichel produced another impressive display (nearly scoring himself via a header) and he was subsequently named player of the FA Cup third round.

On 27 June 2011, Leeds announced they had accepted an undisclosed bid for him from Leicester City. With Schmeichel wanting to stay at Leeds for the remainder of his contract, he admitted that the decision to sell him was a real shock. However, Schmeichel said that moving to Leeds was the wrong move for him, particularly because he was made to feel unwelcome at the club because of his father's history.

2011–12 season

On 27 June 2011, Schmeichel was officially confirmed as a Leicester player, signing a three-year deal for an undisclosed fee that reunited him for a second time with his former Manchester City manager and Notts County director of football, Sven-Göran Eriksson.

In the first month of the season, Schmeichel was shown a seemingly needless red card in the 79th minute of Leicester's away game to Nottingham Forest on 20 August 2011 after receiving two yellow cards for "unsporting conduct". He received the first card for moving the ball from the penalty spot as Forest's Lewis McGugan was about to take a kick, then received his second for throwing the ball away after the spot kick was successfully converted. After the match, Schmeichel apologized, claiming his back was turned to the referee so did not know he had received the first of the yellow cards. "I didn't know I had been booked as I had my back to the ref otherwise I would never have done that," he said on his personal Twitter page. Despite this, Schmeichel's performances for Leicester quickly began earning him plaudits, with his then manager Sven-Göran Eriksson comparing him with England number 1 goalkeeper Joe Hart, and teammate and former England international Paul Konchesky describing him as "one of the best [goalkeepers] he has ever played with". A short-distant reaction save against Portsmouth in November 2011, in particular, earned Schmeichel praise and was described by Portsmouth manager Michael Appleton as "one of the best saves I have seen in a very long time". and by Leicester manager Nigel Pearson as "a world-class, outstanding save and was very important at that point of the game".

Schmeichel played a total of 52 games overall, making 17 clean sheets and saving four penalties. His performances in the 2011–12 season earned him the club's Player of the Year and Players' Player of the Year awards on 30 April.

2012–13 season

Schmeichel's form in the first half of the 2012–13 season surpassed that of the previous season, keeping 12 clean sheets in 28 games, the most in the league as the Foxes sat second in the table, such performances earning him links with La Liga giants Real Madrid and also leading to his first senior Denmark cap. A particular highlight was a spectacular save against Blackburn Rovers in February. On 16 April 2013, he made his 100th Leicester appearance in a 3–2 win over Bolton Wanderers. Schmeichel's performances earned him a place in the 2012–13 Championship PFA Team of the Year, alongside club captain Wes Morgan.

2013–14 season
During the 2013–14 season, Schmeichel kept nine clean sheets during a 19-game unbeaten run spanning from December to April to help guarantee Leicester promotion from the Championship with six games to spare. Schmeichel's high quality performances once again led to him being courted by some of world football's giants, with both Manchester United and Milan being linked with moves for the Danish international during the January transfer window.

In March, TV footage appeared to support Schmeichel's claim that he had scored what would have been the first goal of his career, when Leicester equalised, in injury time, against Yeovil Town. However, the match officials ruled that his header had not crossed the line and the goal was officially credited to Chris Wood, who followed up to put the ball in the net.

At the end of the 2013–14 season, it was announced that Schmeichel had signed a four-year contract extension until the summer of 2018 with Leicester.

2014–15 season

Schmeichel remained the first choice goalkeeper for Leicester's return to the Premier League, including playing the full 90 minutes in the 5–3 victory against Manchester United on 21 September 2014. In December 2014, Schmeichel suffered a broken metatarsal in training, ruling him out for what was thought at the time to be up to six weeks. While he was out, Leicester signed goalkeeper Mark Schwarzer as a replacement. Schmeichel eventually returned from injury three months later on 21 March 2015, and beat Schwarzer to play in the 4–3 defeat to Tottenham Hotspur. Clean sheets against Swansea City and Burnley as Leicester won four out of five games in April earned Schmeichel a nomination for the Premier League Player of the Month award. After securing Premier League safety following a goalless draw with Sunderland on 16 May, Schmeichel stated his belief that manager Nigel Pearson should win Manager of the Season and that Pearson is the best manager Schmeichel has played for. Pearson, however, was sacked in the off-season.

2015–16 season

Under Pearson's replacement, Claudio Ranieri, Leicester sat top of the table on Christmas Day. Despite their great start, the team did not keep a clean sheet in their first nine games, prompting Ranieri to offer to buy the squad pizza for their first. The team finally managed their first clean sheet of the season in their tenth game, against Crystal Palace. The team improved defensively, and Schmeichel kept his 12th clean sheet of the season in the reverse fixture against Palace on 19 March. On 2 May 2016, he won the Premier League title at 29 years of age, the same age and same calendar day when his father won Manchester United's first such title in 1993. On both occasions, the respective teams (Manchester United and Leicester City) clinched the titles by nearest rivals (Aston Villa and Tottenham Hotspur) not winning. The Schmeichels became the only biological father and son to have both won the Premier League, as well as doing so playing in the same position.

2016–17 season
Despite rumours of a move away after playing a crucial role in Leicester City's title in the 2015–16 season, on 6 August 2016, Schmeichel signed a new five-year contract until 2021. Schmeichel made his first appearance of the season in FA Community Shield against the FA Cup winners, Manchester United, and the match ended in a 2–1 defeat for the reigning champions. At the opening of the Premier League, Schmeichel continued his role in the goal ahead of new signing, Ron-Robert Zieler against newly promoted Hull City. Schmeichel was beaten twice as Hull City went on to beat the champions 2–1. After missing three games in September, including a midweek EFL Cup tie against Chelsea, with a minor groin injury, Schmeichel sustained a hand fracture in the first half of a Champions League match against Copenhagen on 2 November. Despite the injury, Schmeichel finished the game, seeing out a 0–0 draw by making a late save of Andreas Cornelius for his fourth Champions League clean sheet in four matches. After undergoing surgery two days later, Schmeichel was expected to miss six weeks of action, with Zieler taking his place in goal.

On 24 February 2017, reports emerged alleging that Schmeichel was among several teammates who met with chairman Vichai Srivaddhanaprabha following their 2–1 Champions League defeat at Sevilla on 22 February, which led to manager Claudio Ranieri being sacked. Schmeichel denied the claims, describing them as "very hurtful".

In Leicester's first Champions League campaign, Schmeichel saved a penalty in each leg of the last 16 tie with Sevilla – from Joaquín Correa and Steven Nzonzi respectively – as the Foxes advanced 3–2 on aggregate.

2017–18 season
On 26 August 2017, Schmeichel saved a Romelu Lukaku penalty away at Manchester United in the 53rd minute, with the score at 0–0. Leicester would go on to lose the game 2–0. On 31 March 2018, Schmeichel saved a penalty kick in a 2–0 away win over Brighton, the same number his father saved during his time in the competition (three out of 21 Premier League penalties saved). On 14 April 2018, Schmeichel suffered an ankle injury in the 86th minute in a 2–1 home loss against Burnley, resulting in Schmeichel missing Leicester's final five games of the 2017–18 Premier League season.

2018–19 season
On 31 August 2018, Schmeichel signed a new contract with Leicester until June 2023. Schmeichel witnessed the helicopter crash on 27 October 2018 that killed five people including Leicester owner Vichai Srivaddhanaprabha. Schmeichel went on to play in every Premier League game for Leicester, making his 300th league appearance for the club and helping them to a 9th-place finish.

2019–20 season
Schmeichel played in all 38 Premier League matches, in which he kept 13 clean sheets. Leicester City finished in fifth place and qualified for the next Europa League season.

2020–21 season
On 15 May 2021, Schmeichel captained Leicester City to victory over Chelsea 1–0 in the FA Cup Final to win the competition for the first time in their history, the match featuring two saves by Schmeichel that greatly contributed to his team's triumph.

2021–22 season
On 7 August 2021, Schmeichel captained Leicester City to a 1–0 victory over Manchester City in the 2021 FA Community Shield to win the competition for the second time in their history. Schmeichel also captained Leicester City to the club's first European semi final after being knocked out by Jose Mourinho's Roma in the Europa Conference League.

Nice
On 3 August 2022, Schmeichel signed for Ligue 1 club Nice. On 1 September 2023, his contract with the club was terminated by mutual consent.

Anderlecht
On 5 September 2023, Schmeichel signed a one-year contract with Belgian Pro League club Anderlecht.

Celtic
On 18 July 2024, Schmeichel has joined Scottish Premiership club Celtic on a one-year contract, with an option to extend for a further 12 months.

Youth
While at Manchester City, Schmeichel was called up for the Denmark national under-19 team in August 2004, and made his international debut in a 0–0 draw with Northern Ireland on 2 September 2004. He went on to play eight under-19 internationals until March 2005, competing with Kenneth Stenild and Michael Tørnes for the goalkeeping spot. He was called up for the under-20 team in October 2005, but did not play for the team until October 2006, during his time at Bury. The day after his under-20 debut, Schmeichel was asked to train with the senior Denmark team and was called up as a replacement for injured Theis Rasmussen in the under-21 squad.

Schmeichel was one of the leading players in the team, and was named Danish under-21 Talent of the Year in November 2007, following three clean sheets in the previous four under-21 games. He played a total 17 under-21 internationals in a row from March 2007 to October 2008, racking up seven clean sheets.

Senior

Following his strong showings for Manchester City in the early 2007–08 season, it was reported on 23 August 2007 that The Football Association (FA) were investigating Schmeichel's international status, to see if there was any chance of him foregoing his Danish international status in order to play for England. Schmeichel, however, stated that he would only ever play for Denmark.

Schmeichel was called up to the Danish senior team on 13 May 2011 for the first time for the match against Iceland, but remained an unused substitute. On 29 May 2012, he was called up for UEFA Euro 2012 as a third goalkeeper after it became clear that Thomas Sørensen would miss the tournament due to an injury sustained against Brazil. Schmeichel made his senior debut in a 3–0 friendly match defeat to Macedonia at the Philip II Arena on 6 February 2013.

On 15 October 2013, Schmeichel had his first ever senior level game in his native Denmark, when he held an easy clean sheet in Denmark's 6–0 win against Malta in the last 2014 FIFA World Cup qualifier. Denmark were eventually runners-up in the group, finishing six points behind Italy, but they did not progress to the play-offs for the finals as they were the lowest-ranked team of the nine runners-up.

On 5 March 2014, Schmeichel received his third cap for Denmark in their 1–0 friendly defeat against England at Wembley Stadium. Despite defeat, Schmeichel pulled off a string of impressive saves earning plaudits from the media as well as England manager Roy Hodgson.

Schmeichel was selected for the Danish squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup, where he started in three group stage matches. His clean sheet in the opening match contributed to a Man of the Match award and helped Schmeichel set a new record for minutes without conceding a goal for Denmark, surpassing his father's record. During the Round of 16 match against Croatia, Schmeichel was named Man of the Match after saving a penalty-kick taken by Luka Modrić in extra-time and two penalties during the subsequent shootout, although his opposing counterpart Danijel Subašić saved three penalties in that shootout to eliminate Denmark.

On 7 July 2021, in the semi-finals of UEFA Euro 2020 against England at Wembley Stadium, Schmeichel saved a penalty from Harry Kane in extra-time, who subsequently scored from the rebound, which proved to be the decisive goal as England prevailed 2–1. In November 2022, he was named in the 26-man squad for the 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar. On 23 March 2024, he earned his 100th international cap in a friendly match against Switzerland.

Personal life
Schmeichel is married to Stine Gyldenbrand. Together, they have three children: a son born in 2010, a daughter born in 2012 and a second daughter born in 2021.

Honours
Notts County
 * Football League Two: 2009–10

Leicester City
 * Premier League: 2015–16
 * FA Cup: 2020–21
 * FA Community Shield: 2021
 * Football League Championship: 2013–14

Individual
 * Danish Football Player of the Year: 2016, 2019, 2020
 * Danish Football Association's Award: 2015
 * The Football League Team of the Decade
 * PFA Team of the Year: 2009–10 League Two, 2012–13 Championship, 2013–14 Championship
 * PFA Fans' Player of the Year: 2009–10 League Two
 * Football League Two Golden Glove: 2009–10
 * Football League Two Player of the Month: October 2009
 * Leicester City Player of the Season: 2011–12, 2016–17
 * Leicester City Player's Player of the Season: 2011–12, 2016–17
 * Leicester City Supporters' Club Player of the Season: 2011–12
 * Leicester City Champagne Moment of the Season: 2012–13

title: Kasper Schmeichel


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User talk:Chester1234

Joe Talbott (born November 2, 1963 in Annapolis, Maryland) is an American film producer, writer and director.

Career

Talbott holds a bachelor's degree from Salisbury State College and attended graduate school at New York University's Tisch School of the Arts. At Salisbury, Talbott began producing and directing independent film shorts, music videos and commercials. He also had a brief stint as a concert promoter and college radio station D.J.

Talbott worked as media writer for United States Army Recruiting and later as a writer, producer, and director for GEICO Auto Insurance, where he won numerous CINE Golden Eagle and Telly Awards. In 1994, Talbott returned to narrative film, making a dozen shorts and a feature in the late 90's and early 00's. The films screened at Sundance, Cannes and numerous other venues.

Theatrical releases have been limited to film festivals with the exception of "Eat Me!" which was release overseas in several markets by 3DD Entertainment.

Talbott can be seen in a quick shot during the "Wag the Dog" funeral caisson scene. He did the extra work as a favor to a casting director and is seen patting a forlorn little girl on the head as the camer tilts up to his face for a second.

Personal After college, Talbott was married to his High School girlfriend until 1991. They have two children. In 1999, Talbott remarried and has a daugher from that marriage.

External link

Official website:

Joe Talbott profile,

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Chester1234


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Trenton Junction station

Trenton Junction railway station (Gare de Trenton Junction) is an unstaffed inter-city train station at 18277B Telephone Road in Trenton, Ontario, Canada operated by Via Rail. The station is located 2.5 km south of Ontario Highway 401 on Ontario Highway 33 and serves trains running from Toronto to Ottawa on the Quebec City–Windsor Corridor.

The unstaffed station shelter is heated and has telephones and washrooms. It is opened 60 minutes prior to train arrivals at the station and remains open for 30 minutes following train departures.

Services
Trenton Junction station is only served by local trains on Via Rail's Toronto-Ottawa route. Most Toronto-Ottawa trains, and all Toronto-Montreal trains, pass through the station without stopping.

As of October 2023 the station is served by 2 to 3 trains per day toward Ottawa and 2 trains per day toward Toronto.

title: Trenton Junction station


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Talk:Methodological naturalism/Archive 1

I'm no creationist (in fact, I don't believe I have a genuine concept of God; I think God talk is a special sort of nonsense). But I do think the second paragraph is still biased. It is couched as a criticism. Now, there's nothing wrong with including criticisms in encyclopedia articles, I think--but only as long as the criticisms are attributed to someone or some group of people, and as long as they are identified as such.

There are no doubt many ways to say what you want to say in a not-quite-so-biased fashion. How about: "Logically speaking, methodological naturalism implies neither philosophical naturalism (the claim that supernatural entities do not exist) nor atheism; it is merely a very widely-accepted constraint on what counts as a legitimate explanation in science." You could just leave it at that. Isn't that enough? What's the reason for pointing out that the opponents of Darwinism, in particular, fail to recognize this, other than to try to discredit the opponents of Darwinism? Perhaps, in the Darwinism article, when the criticism in question are actually stated, the scientists' reply to the criticism can be explained.

I fully agree that creationists deserve to be discredited, by the way. I fully agree that the flaws in their arguments should be pointed out, for example--but only once those arguments have been stated as sympathetically as possible, and only if the views that the arguments are flawed are attributed to someone (rather than to the authoritative, faceless Wikipedia author who knows all). --LMS

OK, I think I fixed it somewhat. MRC To the anon, editor. Most of your edits are good. But I think the some say, others say thing can be taken to far. In some cases, there's no dispute, and it just makes the article look like it was written by someone who didn't do his research (If some say, who are they, and if others object, who are they?) Anyway, I'll be taking only the most egregious of these "weasel words" back out. MRC

 * I agree that they are weasel words. But the original had statements like "certainly" and things like that which are far worse (though, the article isn't really bad... it's fine-- if a bit slanted). I guess we should put the "some say" weasel words in quotes because what I wish had been there were exactly what you request: sources. In effect, the "some say" construction becomes a slot or place holder where more specific info should be... but in this case, without that specific info, I felt it better to move it to the neutral phrase. I don't imagine we should have left it with the "certainly" and "obviously" stuff. In the end I suppose I wouldn't characterize them as weasel words. I would call them "doing our best as copyeditors" words. But that's just characterization one way or the other, because any way you slice it, they are only interim phrases that need to be replaced with specific sources.--trimalchio (the anonymous editor who is at work on a shared computer)

Well, the issue is not that we should or should not qualify some statements. I think the certainly in question was in the paragraph immediately following a quote, and simply summarized the relevant points from that quote. I don't think we need a "some say" there, either summary of the quote is wrong, or it's not. As to it's slight slant toward Johnson, I think you are correct, and I was just re-writing the old version which had a slant the other way. I'll change the interpretation sentence so it does not say certainly, but I don't think we need to qualify it more than that.

I can try to find principled support for a strong distinction between methodological naturalism and philosophical naturalism. (I suspect that people like Howard Van Till hold this view). I did however put a long qoute from a defender of methodological naturalism who is committed to that position on the a priori grounds of philosophical naturalism. I'll try to make his objection to Johnson's project clearer.

I'd also like to be clear about this: I think nearly all of your edits were welcome improvements to the NPOV, but I think we can just state the summary of the quote without attributing our summary to anybody in particular. Especially since the quote is right there in the test. MRC I just have to say wow! This article on Methodological naturalism is excellent. I don't think I've ever seen anything more clear or less biased on the subject matter.

That said, as a "muddle headed religious nut" (I believe absolute truth exists, whether it is attainable or not) I'd have to say this article is biased towards Phillip Johnson's viewpoints (which I tend to agree with). I look forward to further refinement and/or balancing. It can only get better!

I'm sure you realize that once evolutionists start competing with creationists from any sort of empirical standpoint, they've already lost. This would mean throwing out decades of work on the subject of origins.

Most importantly. I'll be doing a lot more reading of the wiki this christmas, particularly all this philosophical mumbo jumbo. RJE

Does anyone know when the term "methodological naturalism" was first used?

I think it was in 1983 in a talk subsequently published in 1986 by ??? but it may have appeared earlier.

Burgy

I don't understand: How could "Lewontin [argue] that true science requires a prior commitment to both methodological and philosophical naturalism," and then "[change] his mind...in order to agree with Johnson's claim that evolutionary theory is based on an absolute or philosophical naturalism?"

If his claims were philosophically naturalistic to begin with, then they must certainly have been methodologically naturalistic, as well. So, it seems, he didn't really change his mind at all.

What gives?

Disclaimer: I have not read Phillip Johnson; I have only read secondary source descriptions of his writings.

This article is currently very inaccurate and it does not at all reflect the way I learned to use the phrase "methodological naturalism." Particularly, the description of MN as a "world view" is not true. MN is a methodology by which scientists take a provisional stance towards the data at hand. Specifically, while doing work as scientists, in their fields, they accept only empirical data as valid and propose only hypotheses which are falsifiable by emprical data.

Many scientists are religious believers for whom the naturalism of science is precisely methodological, a provisional stance taken for the sake of their field of expertise. When not doing science, their stance is most decidedly not naturalistic. For this reason, it does not count as a world view per se, although it is a significant factor in the world view of many if not most modern persons. The world view would be properly described as naturalism, or perhaps more accurately metaphysical naturalism, since it is no longer a provisional, methodological stance, but a commitment about what counts as real.

Currently, this article completely confuses the two concepts.

I'm fairly sure that MN is a common phrase in philosophy of science literature. I am also fairly sure that Philip Kitcher uses the phrase often in his book Abusing Science. Basil Fritts

Any references or authoraties other than the creationists?
creationists such as Johnson are always banging on about how scientific philosophy exlcudes the possibility of creation by their intelligent designer, but is this in use by any proper philosophers of science? Dunc|☺ 21:28, 26 Jan 2005 (UTC)

I suggest everyone read William Dembski's take on "scientific naturalism" in his book "Intelligent Design" (Downers Grove, InterVarsity Press 1999). It is clear the intelligent design crowd have shoved all scientific enterprise except their own into a small and poorly defined niche. Dembski seems to be saying naturalism in science is atheism or the face of a clockwork universe. I wonder if these folks ever heard of Heisenberg? In any event, I suggest science should leave the philosophers and theologians to debate ultimate causes and deal with the universe as it presents to our senses, our sensors and our minds.

Ditto Basil Fritts
MN is an epistemology, not a metaphysics, it is not a worldview, though it can be used to argue for philosophical naturalism, which is a metaphysics and worldview.

Here are three more references to add to a bibliography that should be included, and read by the article author:

Alvin Plantinga: Methodological Naturalism? Origins & Design 18:1 He is a well-known epistemologist and philosopher of religion.

Barbara Forrest, METHODOLOGICAL NATURALISM AND PHILOSOPHICAL NATURALISM:CLARIFYING THE CONNECTION, PHILO: VOL. 3, NO. 2 FALL-WINTER 2000 - this article can be found on Barbara Forrest's home page.

Intelligent design creationism and its critics : philosophical, theological, and scientific perspectives / edited by Robert T. Pennock Published Cambridge, Mass. : MIT Press, c2001 - contains articles discussing MN

modusponens

Whatever happened to this version?
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Methodological_naturalism&direction=prev&oldid=7764695

The article seemed to go suddenly downhill from there, and never substantially recover. Anyone object to a revert to that version? Alai 17:24, 27 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Surely a better job can be done than even the original
Boy, is that article ever misleading. It equates methodological naturalism (MN) with scientific (metaphysical) naturalism, and then goes on to talk about the latter, in language quite similar to what's at Naturalism.Org. Many of the comments in the "talk" page are well taken, including their suggested references, e.g., Barbara Forrest. This entry, and the one on scientific (metaphysical) naturalism need to be redone from top to bottom, so that they accurately reflects the differences. MN is really another name (very misleading btw, imho) for the scientific method, while metaphysical naturalism (as I think of it, anyway) takes the further step of saying that what science shows as the ultimate constituents of the universe are what's real, which rules out supernatural entities that figure in faith-based worldviews.

for TWC, naturalism.org 6:53 EDST, 2005,04,15

Hopefully my edit to the "Naturalism vs. Tradition Religion" section has removed some of the innaccuracies (MN as a worldview, etc). I'm totally stumped as to what to do about the "Cause vs. Effect" section. My first impulse is to delete entirely as it's not only inaccurate but also irrelevant. Unfortunately, I see that someone already tried to delete it and it was reinstated almost immediately. I'll think more about it later, but maybe I'll just end up removing it... Also, I want to add something about how MN doesn't deny the existence of design as some Intelligent Design advocates sometimes imply. Science merely requires that such design hypotheses be falsifiable. I'm not sure where to put that. The intro paragraph seems wrong. Maybe I'll rename the "Naturalism vs. Tradition Religion" into something like "Criticisms of Methodological Naturalism" and throw in the ID thing. TheIncredibleEdibleOompaLoompa 21:14, 2005 May 4 (UTC)

Accuracy
Does anyone object to removing the factual accuracy tag now? All of the major problems outlined above seem to have been fixed as far as I can tell. TheIncredibleEdibleOompaLoompa July 6, 2005 00:51 (UTC)

Everybody seems to be either in agreement or apathetic, so I've removed the accuracy tag. TheIncredibleEdibleOompaLoompa 04:27, July 22, 2005 (UTC)


text:
User talk:Worrowa

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --Lord Voldemort (Dark Mark) 14:59, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
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title: User talk:Worrowa


text:
User talk:Firehose

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --Lord Voldemort (Dark Mark) 15:00, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
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title: User talk:Firehose


text:
User talk:Elp gr

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you have any questions, check out Where to ask a question or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! --Lord Voldemort (Dark Mark) 15:00, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
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Ricky Martin
I think that you both have shown a tendency towards incivility and divisiveness. I urge you to set a good example. -Willmcw 09:27, 18 December 2005 (UTC)

Sanoinsc etc
Regarding the Microkini entry: Sanoinsc has been known on Yahoo for disrespecting the email delivery settings of his groups' members (he owns "Microkini Enthusiasts" and "Microkinists"), changing them to whatever he likes without notice and despite repeated complaints. Also, he is known for annoying the female members of his groups (via IM, email or public group messages) to post their photos. He removed the links to two neutral and unbiased (i.e. NOT affiliated to any manufacturer and NOT dedicated to any manufacturer's promotion) microkini- and thong-related communities and replaced them with promotional groups (the one for Dore and the other one for Wicked Weasel). Can this be classified as a mild case of vandalism? Elp gr 18:43, 1 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Agreed. That is why I reverted the entry. However, there is not much else to do at the moment, unless it becomes major.And, unfortunately, I know nothing about mikrokinist communities. So If I was mistaken, please do not hesitate to correct me (and anybody else) after dropping an entry to the discussion page. Thanks for being here and contributing.
 * P.S. BTW, I am really confused, 147.27.2.135 and yourself seems likely to be same to me. Aaaargh, too much work, not enough sleep :) Thanks again... --Emre D. 19:52, 1 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Actually, that's my office IP. Firefox crashed on me, I visited the Microkini entry on Wiki again and I went on to post that comment in the discussion page for that entry, but I was no longer logged in. Elp gr 20:02, 1 March 2006 (UTC)
 * I have read your messages about Microkiniand Angela Devi,.However, I was away and infact simply I didn't login to write a message. First things first, I am not an admin or mod. I just tried to keep an open mind about things and help solve the debates. As far as I can see, there is still a clash between you and Sanoinsc, which I still think does not concur with Wikipedia Policies. My main concern is providing users with reliable articles with no personal point of view and I can clearly say that neither of you will back-off and calm down.
 * Anyway, you, he and anyone else can contribute to wikipedia by editing. And, I would be happy if the article remains with 4 board links or more useful links are provided; as long as they obey Policies.
 * Regarding the article about Angela Devi, I would wait a few weeks for the dust to clear, just as already recommended by User:Will Beback. Mentioning the rumours about her sad death should be enough for now, till the rumours are verified.
 * Still, thanks for all your contributions. Sorry, I couldn't be of any help right now but I lack the necessary time to contribute right now. Hope, things will change soon. Keep up the good work. --Emre D. 02:46, 10 April 2006 (UTC)

Re: vandalism in progress report
Hello Elp gr. You recently filed a vandalism in progress report concerning 68.5.145.178, who has not acted in bad faith insofar as I can tell. Please discuss the edits with the editor in question per the dispute resolution process. The report has been moved to the archives. Thank you. // Pathoschild (admin / talk) 11:03, 2 March 2006 (UTC)

Lancia Beta - Legacy section
You know perfectly well that I am not vandalising this article. The request for further citations has been alive since 2008 and still nothing has happened to this section. Wikipedia is not a place for point of view or original research. Just because there was a problem relating to rust in lancia betas in the uk in the 1970s is not sufficient reason to leave this section in the article. Clearly you do not understand what the problems is, so I have reproduced the article below with my annotations in bold, in the hope that you will finally see just what a piece of rubbish it is.

I really think that you should have started by communicating with me, rather than reporting vandalism. If anything leaving this kind of nonsense in wikipedia is much more like vandalism. I certainly don't come to wikipedia to read a rehash of some old points of view and anecdotes dredged up from nowhere in particular. Give me the verifiable facts and not a penny more.

Oh and in case you are wondering - I did follow this story in great detail as it was happening - in the Popular press, on the television, in the quality press, in the motoring press and from within the motor trade. But my Opinion on what happened is not relevant - it merely aids me in spotting what is just another's point of view.

The Beta was very well received by the motoring press and public when launched[6] ' -This citation is not of sufficient quality. A decent citation is required here.'

The various models - which?

were praised - by whom?

for their performance and their good handling and roadholding. They were widely regarded - by whom?

as a "driver's car" with plenty of character. - Point of view

The Beta was competitively - relative term implies a point of view

priced in export markets - which ones

due to a weak Italian currency at that time, - citation need and managed to become the highest ever selling Lancia model up to that point. - Citation needed, and what point exactly?

Unfortunately – inapproptiate style wikipedia should maintain neutrality

a combination of poor quality steel - citation needed

allegedly Russian steel supplied to Fiat in return for building the Lada factory[7], - again poor quaility citation a claim that has never been proven, - we just can't know either way

but is still widely circulated; '- by whom? Wikipedia?'

it is far more likely – says who?

that the problems with the metal - if indeed there were any problems (also POV)

itself had more to do with the prolonged strikes – citation needed and an assumption of cause and effect

that plagued Italy at that time – which we do not know to be true or false

than with the metal's origin), - which we do not know and is probably unknowable

poor rust prevention techniques – citation needed

(typical of almost all automobile manufacturers in the 1970s), - says who!

and inadequate water drainage channels – again says who? Maybe true maybe not.'

led to the Beta gaining a reputation for being rust-prone, '- we need a citation for this reputation as a reputation is something that may exist in the collective mind. It may just exist in the odd individual. Impossible to know precisely which factor gave rise to this reputation'

particularly the 1st Series vehicles (built from 1972–75). - says who?

The corrosion problems could be structural; - says who?

for instance where the subframe carrying the engine and gearbox was bolted to the underside of the car. - SAYS WHO?

The box section to which the rear of the subframe was mounted could corrode badly causing the subframe to become loose. '- you get the idea – this is all someone's opinion, a report of an opinion or original research. The truth is irrelevant – what is verifiable is relevant.'

Although tales '– what tales? Published where? The word tales is also problematic as it implies value'

of subframes dropping out – citation needed

of vehicles were simply not true, - according to whom?

a vehicle with a loose subframe would fail a technical inspection. - it might, it might not

In actuality, '- whose actuality? Wikipedia is not about “actuality”!'

the problem affected almost exclusively 1st Series saloon models '– says who? (certainly does not concur with my memory – even though it is not relevant)'

and not the Coupé, HPE, - (aren't we forgetting the Lancia Beta Coupe & HPE HiFi models from the UK)?

Spider or Montecarlo versions. - and whose opinion is this one?

In the UK (Lancia's largest export market at the time[citation needed]) the company listened to the complaints from its dealers and customers '– did it? How do we know what the company did or didn't listen to? And which company? The manufacturer or the importer?'

and commenced a campaign to buy back vehicles affected by the subframe problem. - this needs a citation

Some of these vehicles were 6 years old or older and belonged to 2nd or 3rd owners. -citation needed

Customers were invited to present their cars to a Lancia dealer for an inspection. -citation needed

If their vehicle was affected by the subframe problem, the customer was offered a part exchange deal to buy another Lancia or Fiat car. - citation needed

The cars that failed the inspection were scrapped. - citation needed

Sadly - inappropriate style for wikipedia – needs to be neutral.

for Lancia, on 9 April 1980 the Daily Mirror and certain TV programmes such as That's Life! got wind of what Lancia was already doing to help its customers and embarked on a campaign to exaggerate the issue and humiliate the manufacturer - how can we possibly know what the intentions of these two entities were? There were false claims – false according to whom?

that the problem persisted in later cars by showing photographs of scrapped 1st Series saloons, referring to them as being newer than five and six years old. - citation needed

Other contemporary manufacturers (British, French, Japanese and German) whose cars also suffered from corrosion were not treated as harshly.  - citation needed

This was possibly – and also possibly not

because Lancia was seen as a luxury car brand at that time and consequently expectations were high[8][9][10].  - again dubious citations and distinctly POV

Ironically, - inappropriate style

Lancia had already introduced one year previously a 6-year anti-corrosion warranty – citation needed

an automotive first in the UK. - according to whom?

Whilst later Betas (2nd Series cars) had reinforced subframe mounting points – citation needed

and post-1979 cars were better protected from the elements, - citation needed

these issues damaged the whole marque's sales success – according to whom?

on most export markets. '- which markets? and according to whom?'

However, thanks to its strong driver appeal, - according to whom?

the Beta still enjoys a dedicated following today. '- does it? How do we know that it enjoys any following?'

Surviving examples make an interesting classic car choice for the enthusiast. - this is a point of view or buying advice – neither of which has a place in wikipedia.

Myredroom (talk) 16:20, 21 February 2010 (UTC)

 * If you were acting in good faith, you would improve the section by looking at the sources (which you clearly didn't), by researching the matter more (which you didn't), by communicating with the authors (which you did NOT). You just went on a deleting rampage, which constitutes disruptive editing. Elp gr (talk) 23:57, 21 February 2010 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Ellinon Egersis

The article Ellinon Egersis has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * long unreferenced stub of non-notable television show, with no significant secondary coverage

While all contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. The speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Sadads (talk) 16:13, 19 May 2011 (UTC)

BLPN - Takis Fotopoulos

 * - Biographies_of_living_persons/Noticeboard

Hi - theres a report about this BLP at the noticeboard. Please join in the discussion and rather than replacing your disputed addition please wait for consensus to resolve this dispute, thanks -  You really can  01:58, 13 January 2012 (UTC)

 * If only it was that easy... Consensus requires good faith - Let me point you to this announcement by the "Inclusive Democracy" movement (which is basically controlled by Takis Fotopoulos). Rather insulting towards Wikipedia, don't you think? Also, since they don't like Wikipedia, why do they keep trying to dictate what is written about their leader here, especially when it's taken right off his own website? Elp gr (talk) 03:23, 13 January 2012 (UTC)

I think you sound quite involved in this and perhaps need to take a step back. When the subjects of our articles complain about falsehoods in their article we don't blame them, we investigate and edit from an uninvolved NPOV manner.  You really can  11:06, 13 January 2012 (UTC)

 * Well, the faction of Fotopoulos takes advantage of the language barrier. In the Inclusive Democracy's Greek website, Takis Fotopoulos and his associates have launched a smear campaign against the Free Software movement, against Democracy Now!, against The Nation, as well as against several left-leaning Greek blogs simply because they do not agree with them 100%. The accusations? "They are pro-zionist". "They are instruments of the transnational elite". "They are systemic agents". "They are lackeys of the Israeli Embassy". I'm talking about a long list of (very long) announcements, filled with libel and threats against pretty much everyone. And don't forget what I mentioned earlier that they had written against Wikipedia. As a Wikipedian, this old announcement of their insults me personally. If they can't accept the way Wikipedia rolls, why are they still here, especially after they made such a dramatic announcement saying they're withdrawing? Not to mention the edit war they have started... Elp gr (talk) 11:16, 13 January 2012 (UTC)
 * We don't respond to subjects complains with force. As for your hurt feelings, I suggest you take the article off your watchlist.  You really can  11:40, 13 January 2012 (UTC).
 * Actually, it was Fotopoulos who has been engaged in smear campaigns against numerous people in Greece (and abroad). Too bad he makes full use of the fact that his rants are only in Greek. But I'll make sure they get translated, even though they're ridiculously long. Elp gr (talk) 16:09, 13 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Well, please be aware your comments here reflects a person has a personal conflict in regard to this living person and I would request you not to continue to edit the BLP but rather to post your editing suggestions to the talkpage for discussion and consensus to arise about them -  You really can  16:17, 13 January 2012 (UTC)

January 2012
You currently appear to be engaged in an edit war  according to the reverts you have made on Takis Fotopoulos. Users are expected to collaborate with others, to avoid editing disruptively, and to try to reach a consensus rather than repeatedly undoing other users' edits once it is known that there is a disagreement. Please be particularly aware, Wikipedia's policy on edit warring states: If you find yourself in an editing dispute, use the article's talk page to discuss controversial changes; work towards a version that represents consensus among editors. You can post a request for help at an appropriate noticeboard or seek dispute resolution. In some cases it may be appropriate to request temporary page protection. If you engage in an edit war, you may be blocked from editing. SarekOfVulcan (talk)  16:58, 13 January 2012 (UTC)
 * 1) Edit warring is disruptive regardless of how many reverts you have made; that is to say, editors are not automatically "entitled" to three reverts.
 * 2) Do not edit war even if you believe you are right.

Nomination of Aegean cat for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Aegean cat is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Aegean cat until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article.  T K K  bark !  21:06, 19 May 2013 (UTC)

title: User talk:Elp gr


text:
Chilula

Chilula (Yurok language term: Chueluela' / Chueluelaa' , Tsulu-la, "People of Tsulu, the Bald Hill", locally known as the "Bald Hills Indians") were a Pacific Coast Athabaskan tribe speaking a dialect similar to the Hupa to the east and Whilkut to the south, who inhabited the area on or near Lower Redwood Creek, in Northern California, some 500 to 600 years before contact with Europeans.

Upstream and northwest of the Whilkut along the Lower Redwood Creek lived the Chilula; they established their more than 20 villages only along the eastern shore, because there the mountains were broken by valleys irrigated by small streams, while the western shore was difficult to access.

The Chilula (together with Whilkut) were called by the neighboring Hupa-speaking peoples Xwiy¬q'it-xwe / Xwe:yłq'it-xwe ("Redwood Ridge / Bald Hills People"), the Karuk also called them Vitkirik'áraar ("People of Viitkírik/Viitkírak (Bald Hills)"), therefore they were also known as Bald Hills Indians or Lower Redwood Indians. Because of their close Hupa kin they are also called Lower Redwood Creek Hupa or Downstream Redwood Creek Hupa. Sometimes they are also considered another fourth tribelet (subgroup) of the Whilkut and are called the Chilula Whilkut.

Chilula descendants have since been incorporated into the Hupa:

 * Hoopa Valley Tribe (Hoopa, Humboldt County, Population 2013: 3.139) (Hupa, Tsnungwe, Chimalakwe, Chilula, Whilkut)
 * Moon Creek Corporation (Redwood Creek Descendants)

Historic villages
Groups of Chilula Indians lived in hamlets scattered throughout the area, each containing about thirty people. The Chilula originally had at least 20 villages. Alfred Kroeber identified the locations and names of 18 of these; his spellings are in parentheses.

 * k'ina'-xontah-ding (Kinahontahding)
 * kinyiq'i-kyoh-mingwah (Kingyukyomunga)
 * łich'iwh-'inahwh-ding (Hlichuhwinauhwding)
 * mis-me' (Misme)
 * noleh-ding (Noleding)
 * q'a: xis-tah-ding (Kahustahding)
 * q'ayliwh-tah-ding (Kailuhwtahding)
 * q'ung'-kyoh-lay' (Kingkyolai)
 * sikinchwin-mitah-ding (Sikinchwungmitahding)
 * to:n'-dinun-ding (Tondinunding)
 * ts'in-sila: -ding (Tsinsilading)
 * xontehł-me' (Hontetlme)
 * xowuni-q'it (Howunakut)
 * yinuqi-no:mitse'-ding (Yinukanomitseding)
 * yitse'ni-ning'ay-q'it (Yisining'aikut)
 * (Kailuhwchengetlding)
 * (Tlochime)
 * (Tlocheke)

Most of these settlements were on the east side of Redwood Creek. It was sunnier there and the trees less dense. The Chilulas also had temporary camps on Bald Hills, where they stayed during the summer and fall. They usually chose sites high on a ridge near a cool brook or stream. The Chilula's permanent homes in Redwood Creek basin were square structures made of redwood slabs. Small pieces of leftover wood were used to make drum frames, medicine boxes, and other items. The houses were built over dug-out pits. A notched plank served as a stairway leading down to them. Near the pit's center, a scooped-out area bordered by stones was used for fire.

Legacy
A 205' Cherokee-class US Navy oceangoing tugboat was christened the USS Chilula (ATF-153) in 1945, and recommissioned in 1958 as the United States Coast Guard Cutter Chilula (WMEC-153), serving until 1991.

title: Chilula


text:
Soren Sorensen Adams

Soren Sorensen "Sam" Adams (May 24, 1879 – October 20, 1963) was a Danish-American inventor and manufacturer of novelty products, including the joy buzzer.

Biography
He was born Søren Adam Sørensen in Kolind, Syddjurs, Denmark in 1879 to Hans Sørensen, a clog maker, and his wife Sofia. They moved to the US when Soren was two, and settled in the Scandinavian community of Perth Amboy, New Jersey where his father operated a saloon. In 1904 Adams found himself employed as a salesman for a dye company. One of the products he sold caused workers to sneeze, and Sam found a way to extract this derivative from the dye and called this new powder Cachoo. He was inundated by requests for this product from his friends and so, he decided to sell his interest in a hotel in York, Pennsylvania, and used the money to launch the Cachoo Sneezing Powder Company in Plainfield, New Jersey.

Within a few years, the sneezing powder craze that swept the country had subsided, and Sam set out to innovating new products. He also changed the name of the company to S.S. Adams Co. to reflect that it was no longer a one product company. The Exploding Cigarette Box, the snake nut can, itching powder, the stink bomb, and the dribble glass all entered the Adams line in the next decade.

In 1928, Sam invented the prototype of what was to become the joy buzzer, a mechanical device placed in the hand, which emitted a loud vibrating buzz, when a button on the buzzer was depressed. This would usually occur when two people shook hands. He took the prototype to Dresden, Germany, where a tool and die maker created the tooling to make small parts for the item, which was now just 3.2 cm (1-1/4 inches) in diameter and 1.8 cm (3/4 inch) thick. The final item was patented in 1932. The success of the item allowed him to greatly increase his staff and purchase the former Symphonion music box factory building (constructed in 1893, demolished 2017) in Neptune, New Jersey, all during the Great Depression.

In 1930, the JEM Rubber Co. of Toronto, Canada, approached Sam with their new invention; a small, green, blow-up ball called Whoopee, which was to become the famous whoopee cushion. Sam said that "the whole idea seemed too indelicate" and would never sell. JEM Rubber then went and offered the idea to other distributors including Johnson Smith & Company, which ended up selling it with great success. S.S. Adams Co. later released its own version calling it the "Razzberry Cushion."

Later life and death
Sam and S.S. Adams went on to create many more successful novelties: The Bar Bug in Ice Cube, The Money Maker, The Squirting Nickel, The Jumping Coin, Laughing Tissue as well as an extensive line of novelty-based magic tricks and puzzles. He claimed to have devised over 600 different items, and patented about 40 of them. He continued to lead S.S. Adams Company until his death in Asbury Park, New Jersey in 1963 at age 84.

title: Soren Sorensen Adams


text:
Cobourg station

The Cobourg railway station in Cobourg, Ontario, Canada, is served by Via Rail trains running between Toronto, Ottawa, and Montreal. The station is staffed, with ticket sales, free outdoor parking, and a wheelchair lift for access to the trains. There is no local transit service into the station, with the nearest bus stop being on Division Street.

History
On November 12, 2010, Via Rail unveiled a design for a new station building, which was built next to the existing station. The new building was estimated to cost $9 million CDN, is wheelchair accessible, and contains a new island/boarding platform to accommodate expanded track lines with an overhead footbridge.

Services
Cobourg station is served by most trains on Via Rail's Toronto-Ottawa and Toronto-Montreal routes, though a small number of express trains pass through the station without stopping.

As of October 2023 the station is served by 6 to 7 trains per day toward Ottawa, and 3 to 4 trains per day toward Montreal and 8 trains per day toward Toronto.

title: Cobourg station


text:
User talk:Planckton

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --Lord Voldemort (Dark Mark) 15:01, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
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title: User talk:Planckton


text:
Talk:Tanorexia

I use sunbeds 3 times a week for appx 30 mins in total which is the equivalent of 9 - 12 hours sunlight.

I believe the annual accepted useage is 26 sessions per year but I don't see that much evidence that my level of useage is harmful....

I do not also sun worship in the garden and I prob do less damage to mmy skin than those who go sun worshiping abroad or go mad when it is sunny in the UK.

 * Well, it is your choice...

Merge proposal with Sun tan or Sunbed
I propose that the article be merged into Sun tan and redirected. A cultural phenomenon that is quickly explained, and backed up with a verifiable source, would add greatly to the Sun tan article. I don't think there is much chance that Tanorexia will surge in information any time soon, but if it does, we could easily split it back out. Agreed.

An alternate merge destination would be Sunbed, since that appears to be the primary tool involved in Tanorexia. This article would also benefit from a contemporary cultural context. —ptk✰fgs 04:37, 1 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I heard this word on "Access Hollywood" last evening, and they referenced the Wikipedia definition. I'd almost say it was a silly neologism, except that it seems to be in use by some physicians. (I googled it, and it gets only 187 hits.)  I recommend it be merged with an article of substance, such as sun tanning.  There really isn't much to add to this piece, and it would benefit from being placed in a broader, more useful context.  deeceevoice 12:34, 4 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Disagree - Tanorexia is a syndrome associated with poor self-image and O/C behavior that is NOT limited to those who use tanning beds / Sunbeds. This would be the same as merging anorexia or bulimia to Food.  Linked "tanorexia" from Sun Tanning and/or Tanning Bed is acceptable, but the overwhelming majority of people who tan indoors or outdoors do not suffer from tanorexia, so linking would not be against my understanding of the official policy of neutrality, and would appear to be the eventual outcome of tanning.  While not an "official" medical term, tanorexia is an accepted general term within much of the medical community to explain this rare compulsion, and is well documented within industry trade magazines both for and against tanning of any kind. Pharmboy 00:27, 4 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Agree, merge with the "health risks" section of sun tanning - it's a simple neologism and only requires a couple of sentences of explanation. --McGeddon 22:06, 19 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Disagree - if it is a mental condition recognized by the APA then it belongs in an article discussing such disorders. ZBrannigan 21:57, 21 March 2007 (UTC)

I would disagree
I think that tanorexia should remain in its own section. I can and will provide more information about tanorexia soon. Because it is very rare, including it in sunbeds would make that article less than neutral. I will soon be adding information about tanning addiction in its own section, which is also rare and very different than tanorexia. Pharmboy 12:31, 19 September 2006 (UTC)

 * I second the idea about keeping Tanorexia separate. The term is now in common use in the media, and it is helpful to have some medical background. The article does not need to be much longer than it is, though. I have removed some tautologous material. It would be useful to have references to uses of the word and any further medical information about the condition. (BTW, I am not convinced that "tanorexia" and "tanning addiction" are different things - this especially needs medical citations if it is true.) -- TinaSparkle 13:52, 14 November 2006 (UTC)

Removing tag for merge
We haven't received any more feedback on merging, and there appears to be an agreement that not merging is the correct course of action. Pharmboy 00:31, 26 June 2007 (UTC)

"too dark" term does not belong in an encyclopedia
Term removed again, does not belong for two basic reasons: Accuracy, as an individual sees themselves as "paler" than they are, regardless of their current tan level. This means if they have a light or moderate tan, they still perceive it as no tan or not enough. Secondly, the term also has Point Of View (POV) issues as "too dark" is an opinion, stating that some or no "dark" is acceptable and beyond that is "too dark", which is beyond the purpose of an encyclopedia. Please note that you can be very dark without being tanorexic. Ask anyone who works outdoors. Tanorexia isn't about skin color, it is about the individuals perception of their skin color and potentially an addiction to the endorphine high that a minority of tanners experience when tanning. Pharmboy 00:58, 12 October 2007 (UTC)

term is slang
While "slang" may not be the proper linguistic term to describe it, at present I can't put my finger on a better one. The word "tanorexia" is not only a non-recognized term in every language, in every dictionary (save slang dictionaries), it is also not recognized in any medical text (at least in any official context).

In addition, the term itself is simply a hackneyed merging of two unrelated words, one that really doesn't make much sense at that. As I somewhat articulated with the "alcoholic → shop-oholic" example, the word is simply the result of pedestrian logic and widespread use due to the lack of any official term. This would definitely seem to coincide with the definition of a slang term. --JohnDoe0007 10:19, 16 October 2007 (UTC)

 * "Tanorexia" is a term commonly used in English (which is all that matters for the English version of Wikipedia) but you are correct that it is not an actual technical term used formally by doctors. Whether or not it makes sense isn't as much of an issue, whereas the term has been in use as long as I have been in the tanning industry (over 14 years) and it's used by media, doctors (informally, but still used) and by laymen.  The term isn't true slang as it is not a substitute word for an accepted term, rather, it is an unofficial word used for a syndrome that is little understood and not properly researched by the medical community.  Any other word that you could "make up" would simply be ignored or misunderstood as a broad cross section of the English speaking community already uses the word, and even Google pulls up over 44k hits for the term.

 * I understand not liking the term because it is not official, but it is the generally accepted word for the syndrome. At such a time as the medical community "renames" the syndrome, we could (and would) put a redirect to this new term.  Until then, the term "tanorexia" is the lesser of all evils and has to stay, if for no other reason than the majority of English speakers knows the word or can easily tell by the admitted "hackneyed merging", what the word means.  ie: Wikipedia is here to explain what the syndrome is, not to convince everyone to use a new term that _we_ make up.  Pharmboy 12:36, 31 October 2007 (UTC)

 * One additional note: Part of the problem I have is that I have a great deal of experience dealing with the small minority of people who could arguably be called "tanorexic", yet I can't sit here and write a full article on the syndrome based on my experiences.  This would violate WP:OR as Original Research.  Most of the articles written within the industry and elsewhere were on paper, not the web, making citations difficult and time consuming.  Although I am not a medical professional, I am hoping my experience (documented on my wikipage and history) would allow the benefit of the doubt in this instance.  Being an ugly or mangled word doesn't negate the fact that it is still the only universal term used to describe the syndrome.  The other problem is that tanorexia (or for that matter, even tanning addiction, which has different symptoms) is suffered by such a small number of people, it is difficult to get good science on it.   This is also not a reason to remove or change or redefine the term, however, as 'number of sufferers' isn't relative to the conversation.  Pharmboy 12:57, 31 October 2007 (UTC)

Back up a minute...I understand and agree with pretty much everything you're saying. I never made a motion or even implied such a thing as to have the article moved, deleted or altered in such a way that would change its title or recognition.

I simply had a problem with you removing the mention of the fact that the word is slang. "Tanorexia"—like it or not—is slang. Just because there is no other term that is as widely recognized to convey the meaning, doesn't mean it is not so.

"Choco-holic" is a widely used term in English too...and as far as I know there is no more appropriate substitute. That doesn't mean the term is not slang.

If you feel that declaring this fact somehow diminishes or otherwise tarnishes the significance of the word, or that it somehow discounts the existence or seriousness of the condition, then it would seem you have too strong a personal tie to this term.

If simply saying the words "and the term is generally considered to be slang" would be automatic grounds for the entire article to be deleted from Wikipedia, then I understand your aversion to include them. But I do not believe that to be the case. Do you have any reason to believe otherwise? --JohnDoe0007 09:53, 1 November 2007 (UTC)

 * It isn't about having a horse in the race. After all, I run the marketing and IT for a company that builds tanning beds, promoting the concept of "tanorexia" as a problem is exactly COUNTER to my business interests.  Technically, my interests would be served by playing it down and trying to get it removed, but that wouldn't exactly be neutral, and not my style.  My interest is the same as yours, to make the article accurate and neutral.  I did a little research and now agree that describing it as "slang" is appropriate, but think it should be done in a way that doesn't make the syndrome appear to be "imaginary".  Part of the problem of the syndrome *is* how poorly documented it is, partially because of how rare it is.

I went ahead and make some significant changes that I feel you would agree upon, to make the article more neutral without downplaying the syndrome, nor making it appear as if this is a fully documented medical condition. It also flows a bit better. If you think the changes are not proper, I am confident we can reach consensus as our goals are the same. One of the changes I made was to create a wikilink to an empty article about tanning addiction, which is similar but has very different symptoms. It, too, is not official but reported and a real issue, although it is more likely to become accepted in the future. From my experience, tanning addiction (similar to runner's high) is much more common than tanorexia to boot, but I have refrained from introducing OR into the subject matter. Pharmboy 12:52, 1 November 2007 (UTC)

Merge
I have reconsidered by previous objections, and it may be better to merge this with Tanning addiction. They are not exactly the same, but similar enough to benefit from a single article that covers both conditions. This term is getting less and less used, and may be more wp:neo than real term. Pharmboy (talk) 15:22, 4 February 2008 (UTC)

 * That (the term being WP:NEO) is basically a large part of what I was saying all along. --JohnDoe0007 (talk) 20:26, 21 February 2008 (UTC)

 * What I have traced back is how frequently it is being used, and it is becoming LESS common, rather than more common. The symptoms and issues are still very different than traditional "tanning addiction", and this needs to be addressed with any merge and redirect.  They are both exceedingly rare, which is part of the issue.  P HARMBOY  ( TALK ) 17:03, 22 February 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tanorexia


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Los Luchadores

Los Luchadores is a live-action children's television series that aired on Fox Kids in 2001 produced by Saban Entertainment and Shavick Entertainment. Ownership of the series passed to Disney in 2001 when Disney acquired Fox Kids Worldwide, which also includes Saban Entertainment.

Plot
The series is about a group of lucha libre-style masked wrestlers led by Lobo Fuerte who, along with Turbine, Maria Valentine, and Laurent, fought to protect Union City from a slew of different enemies Led by the Whelp and the bumbling antics of Mayor Potts. The series title is translated as "The Wrestlers" or "The Fighters" from Spanish.

Main

 * Lobo Fuerte (portrayed by Maximo Morrone) is the greatest masked wrestler in Union City who leads the Los Luchadores into fighting against evil in Union City. His headquarters is in the Wolf's Lair on top of the Lobo Tower.
 * Turbine (portrayed by Levi James) is one of Lobo Fuerte's sidekicks and rides a motorcycle.
 * Maria Valentine (portrayed by Sarah Carter) is one of Lobo Fuerte's sidekicks.
 * Laurent (portrayed by Arthur Burghardt) is the Jamaican trainer and tech support of the Los Luchadores.

Villains

 * The Whelp (portrayed by Cuervo, performed by Paul Jarrett and Bill Terezakis, voiced by Gary Lam, understudied by Lee Tockar in "The Whelp Strikes Back") is the main antagonist of the series. Cesar is the pet Chihuahua of Dr. Jacob Mueller. He eventually becomes an evil genius through a freak accident during Los Luchadores' fight with Mueller's former assistant Douglas Slade that resulted in some of Slade's evil being transferred into him. While he wears a metal covering over his left ear and eye, the Whelp wears a special translator collar so that his minions can understand him. In addition, the Whelp rides a robotic suit when fighting Lobo Fuerte.
 * Whelpettes (portrayed by Anita Brown and Sonya Salomaa) are two females who are servants of the Whelp.
 * Bone Warriors are the skull-masked minions of The Whelp.

Other characters

 * Mayor Potts (portrayed by Dave Hurtubise) is the bumbling Mayor of Union City. While he truly meant to do only good for Union City, things just seemed to always take a turn for the worse.
 * Gertrude (portrayed by Nancy Robertson) is Mayor Potts' aide.

Episodes
Ay, Chihuahua: Series pilot. Douglas Slade (played by Alex Zahara), the former assistant of a scientist named Jacob Mueller (played by Russell Roberts), escapes from prison. With the aid of his henchman Hard Case, he abducts Mueller and some security guards in his building. Slade forces Mueller to turn him into a hybrid monstrosity that involves the injection of cheetah and lizard DNA as a way to make him whole again. After some other injections and becoming Freakshow, he transforms the captive security guards into half-animal hybrids like himself and plans to induct Lobo Fuerte into his entourage so that they can have a warrior's spirit among them.

Bad to the Bone: Following Los Luchadores' fight with Freakshow that transferred some of his evil into him, The Whelp makes himself known to Lobo and Turbine when he plans to resurrect a long dead pirate, Louie Andre LaFeet, who was said to have aligned himself with dark forces.

Confrontation in the Constellation: Lobo is captured by aliens (played by Andrew Jackson, Scott McNeil, Rick Faraci, and Alex Doduk) to fight in an intergalactic wrestling tournament.

The Pyramid of Doom: The trio must save campers from becoming meals for aliens. They find an ally in a deaf girl that was immune to their sonic device.

Anxiety Attacks: When a group of dwarves pull pranks on the city, trying to cause fear, Turbine is frozen in place, leaving Lobo to fight the dwarves alone to stop them from causing a chaos storm. Things are further complicated when Sophia, a foreign princess (played by Natassia Malthe; credited as Lina Teal) arrives in the city for a business deal with the mayor and avoiding the company of her overprotective bodyguard (played by Christopher Gaze). Thankfully, Maria Valentine is able to look out for her.

The Whelp Strikes Back: As Maria goes on a date with Dirk Layden (played by G. Patrick Currie), she learns that he is working for the Whelp who sends a robotic double to infiltrate Lobo Tower and prepare it for the Whelp's plan to unleash his shrinking cannon.

Lobo Limbo: Doris Crabowski (played by Jeanette Sousa), assistant to Dr. Shax (played by Linden Banks), is a devoted fan of Lobo Fuerte who has often had credit for her work taken by her superiors. Due to the negligence of her boss, she ends up unknowingly ingesting an experimental spider venom which turns her into a half-mutant spider. Taking the name of Spiderella, the new personal assumes control and desires to claim Lobo as a mate in order to start a new reign of arachnids in Union City.

The Mask of Diablo Azul: A thief (played by John DeSantis) steals a cursed mask that was worn by the ancient necromancer Diablo Azul which compels him to raise the dead. After Lobo and Turbine manage to defeat him, Turbine becomes possessed by the spirit instead. It becomes a race against time for Lobo to free his friend and stop the dead rising with the aid of the mask's former guardian (played by Marcus Hondro).

The Brain Drain: Lobo Fuerte's old friend Dr. Maxine Harris (played by Rebecca Reichert) has invented the Ion Particle Stabilizer, which would become a destabilizer if it overheats. The invention would help in stabilizing the ozone. Unfortunately, the Ion Particle Stabilizer attracts the attention of the Whelp who uses an invention to switch minds with Lobo Fuerte so that he can use his body to get past the security system guarding the stabilizer.

It's a Mud, Mud, Mud, Mud World: A scientist (played by Robin Mossley) accidentally creates a mutant mud monster that intends to flood the city.

Here Comes the Sludge: Mud Man returns and attacks Alfred Shrub (played by Zook Matthews), an environmental activist, but Lobo and Turbine find out that (this time) Mud Man is on the side of good when Shrub reveals himself to be an ecoterrorist who intends to turn Union City into a forest, and ingests a tree growth hormone.

A Good Whelp is Hard to Find

Puppy Love: Union City is opening its new water treatment plant. The Whelp has developed a chemical that causes anyone exposed to it into mutant Bone Warriors, having tested it on cheating tag-team wrestlers Motley and Gnarly, as well as the wrestler Hog (played by Eric Alex Gelinas). With the Whelp's plan to infect the water treatment plant with it, Lobo Fuerte must thwart him before Mayor Potts activates the plant.

World Without Lobo

The Champ

Along Came a Spider

title: Los Luchadores