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Chris Menges

Chris Menges BSC, ASC (born 15 September 1940) is a British cinematographer and film director. He is a member of both the American and British Societies of Cinematographers.

Life and career
Menges was born in Kington, Herefordshire, the son of the composer and conductor Herbert Menges. He began his career in the 1960s as camera operator for documentaries by Adrian Cowell and for films including Poor Cow by Ken Loach and If.... by Lindsay Anderson. Kes, directed by Ken Loach, was his first film as cinematographer. He was also behind the camera on Stephen Frears' first feature film Gumshoe in 1971.

After several documentaries and feature films such as Black Beauty (1971), Bloody Kids (1978), The Game Keeper (1980), Babylon (1980) and Angel (1982), Menges became notable for more ambitious works, for which he was critically acclaimed.

In 1983, he received his first BAFTA nomination for the Bill Forsyth film Local Hero and only a year later won his first Academy Award for the film The Killing Fields about the genocide in Cambodia. He continued his work with helmer Roland Joffe and Menges won his second Oscar in 1986 with the historical drama The Mission. He also shot a television play titled Made in Britain, starring Tim Roth in 1983.

In 1988, Menges made his directorial debut with A World Apart. This film was celebrated at the 1988 Cannes Film Festival and won three major awards.

His second film as director, CrissCross with Goldie Hawn, received critical acclaim but was a box-office flop. In 1996 he moved back behind the camera to shoot the award-winning films The Boxer (directed by Jim Sheridan) and Michael Collins. For the latter, he received his third Academy Award nomination in 1997.

Menges also made documentaries. In the early 1970s, he went to Burma with British film maker Adrian Cowell to shoot The Opium Warlords, a film about the drug trade. After the release of the documentary in 1974, the Burmese government was said to have put a price on their heads. Menges is mentioned in the book Conversations with Cinematographers by David A. Ellis, published by Scarecrow Press.

As director

 * A World Apart (1988)
 * CrissCross (1992)
 * Second Best (1994)
 * The Lost Son (1999)

Awards and nominations
Academy Awards

BAFTA Awards

American Society of Cinematographers

Los Angeles Film Critics Association

National Society of Film Critics

New York Film Critics Circle

Other awards

title: Chris Menges


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User talk:Jwbillharvey

Welcome
Hello , and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! --Lord Voldemort (Dark Mark) 21:52, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Jwbillharvey


text: User:Grand Cru

title: User:Grand Cru


text:
Wikipedia:Requests for comment/Other

This page has been deprecated. The other topical RFC pages are broad enough to contain any topic brought up on RFC, and it was found that this page was not helpful in bringing topics to the attention of experts. If you are not certain where to put an RFC, feel free to put it in two or three subpages.

title: Wikipedia:Requests for comment/Other


text:
User talk:KevinMeredith

Welcome
Hello , and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! --Lord Voldemort (Dark Mark) 21:53, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
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 * Picture tutorial
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 * Manual of Style

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title: User talk:KevinMeredith


text: User talk:70.245.145.189

title: User talk:70.245.145.189


text: User:Grand Cru Sock 3 on August 1

title: User:Grand Cru Sock 3 on August 1


text:
Dmitriyev (town)

Dmitriyev (Дми́триев), also known as Dmitriyev-Lgovsky (Дми́триев-Льго́вский), is a town and the administrative center of Dmitriyevsky District of Kursk Oblast, Russia, located on the Svapa River (Dnieper's basin), on the Moscow–Kyiv highway, 159 km northwest of Kursk, the administrative center of the oblast. Population:

Coat of arms
Dmitriev's Coat of Arms was confirmed and took into force on 8 January 1780. The author of the symbol is the president of the heraldic office Volkov. The Coat of Arms is visually attractive and has a lot of symbolic meaning related to Dmitriev's history and beautiful nature.

On the top of the symbol, you can see Coat of Arms of Kursk, showing administrative belongings of the town. The bottom symbolises Dmitriev's geographical position on hills. The town is located on five hills which you can see on the municipal arms.

During the heraldic reform in 1860, it was an attempt to change the Dmitriev Coat of Arms. Proposed changes were submitted by B.Kene. The idea was to change the symbol completely. Kene proposed the symbol shown a gold pear on the green shield with a small Coat of Arms of Kursk in the left upper corner. The shield was surrounded by golden leaves and linked with Alexander's tape. The symbol was crowned with bricks crown.

However, proposed changes were not confirmed and took into force and Dmitriev's official symbol still the same.

History
During World War II, Dmitriyev was occupied by German troops from October 8, 1941 to March 2, 1943.

Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Dmitriyev serves as the administrative center of Dmitriyevsky District. As an administrative division, it is incorporated within Dmitriyevsky District as the town of district significance of Dmitriyev. As a municipal division, the town of district significance of Dmitriyev is incorporated within Dmitriyevsky Municipal District as Dmitriyev Urban Settlement.

title: Dmitriyev (town)


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Kuno von Moltke

Lieutenant General Kuno Augustus Friedrich Karl Detlev Graf von Moltke (13 December 1847 – 19 March 1923), adjutant to Kaiser Wilhelm II and military commander of Berlin, was a principal in the homosexual scandal known as the Harden-Eulenburg Affair (1907) that rocked the Kaiser's entourage. Moltke was forced to leave the military service.

Biography
In 1896 Moltke, a 'confirmed bachelor' in his early 50s, married Nathalie von Hayden ('Lilly'), a woman more than twenty years his junior. The couple soon became estranged, with Moltke's physician later alleging that Lilly had physically attacked Moltke several times. The couple were eventually divorced in 1902 (the formal divorce proceedings took several years to conclude).

The Eulenburg affair
In 1907 the journalist Maximilian Harden publicly accused Moltke and Philipp, Prince of Eulenburg of a homosexual relationship. At this time, homosexual acts between men were illegal per Paragraph 175 of the German Criminal Code.

Accusations and counter-accusations quickly multiplied. Later that year, Moltke sued Harden for libel. His ex-wife Lilly (who had since remarried and was now called Lilly von Elbe) voluntarily testified against him. Magnus Hirschfeld, a physician and sexologist who supported the legalization of homosexuality in Germany, also testified that he believed Moltke to be homosexual. The court sensationally acquitted Harden and concluded that he had been telling the truth about Moltke's sexuality. However, the verdict was voided due to faulty procedure.

In 1908 Harden was retried, and this time he was found guilty of libel against Moltke.

German press reaction
After the first trial, the German press were sympathetic to Moltke. Newspapers condemned the tactics of the defense and expressing condolence with Count von Moltke, who was declared to have presented a dignified figure in court. Berliner Tageblatt condemned Harden for his salacious articles, and argued that they amounted to the unnecessary hunting down of an old soldier.

Later life
Moltke played little further part in public life after the Harden-Eulenberg affair. He died in Breslau in 1923.

Orders and decorations

 * German honours
 * Service Award Cross (Prussia)
 * [[file:D-PRU EK 1914 2 Klasse BAR.svg|50px]] Iron Cross, 2nd Class (Prussia)
 * [[file:Ord.Aquilarossa-UFF.png|50px]] Knight of the Order of the Red Eagle, 3rd Class with Bow and Crown; 2nd Class with Oak Leaves (Prussia)
 * [[file:PRU Order of Crown ribbon.svg|50px]] Knight of the Royal Order of the Crown, 2nd Class with Star (Prussia)
 * [[file:D-PRU Hohenzollern Order BAR.svg|50px]] Knight's Cross of the Royal House Order of Hohenzollern (Prussia)
 * BAD Order of the Lion of Zaeringen ribbon.svg Commander of the Order of the Zähringer Lion, 2nd Class, 1894; Commander 1st Class, 1904 (Baden)
 * Ord.Merit.Mil.Bavaria.PNG Knight of the Military Merit Order, 2nd Class with Swords; Commander (Bavaria)
 * MKB Order of the Wendish Crown ribbon.svg Grand Commander of the House Order of the Wendish Crown (Mecklenburg)
 * Order of the Griffon - Ribbon bar.svg Grand Cross of the Order of the Griffon (Mecklenburg)
 * Order of the White Falcon - Ribbon bar.svg Commander of the Order of the White Falcon (Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach)
 * SAX Albert Order ribbon.svg Commander of the Albert Order, 1st Class (Saxony)
 * Het lint van het Vorstelijk Erekruis van Lippe.jpg Cross of Honour of the House Order of Schaumburg-Lippe, 2nd Class (Schaumburg-Lippe)
 * Cross of honor Order of the Crown Württemberg.png Cross of Honour of the Order of the Württemberg Crown, with Crown, 1893 (Württemberg)

 * Foreign honours
 * Ord.CoronaFerrea - COM.png Knight of the Imperial Order of the Iron Crown, 2nd Class (Austria-Hungary)
 * Ord.Franz.Joseph-COMplacca.png Commander of the Imperial Austrian Order of Franz Joseph, with Star (Austria-Hungary)
 * Commendatore SSML Regno BAR.svg Commander of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus (Italy)
 * Order of Orange-Nassau ribbon - Commander.svg Commander of the Order of Orange-Nassau (Netherlands)
 * Order of the Medjidie lenta.png Order of the Medjidie, 1st Class (Ottoman Empire)
 * Order of Saint Anna ribbon bar.svg Knight of the Imperial Order of Saint Anna, 2nd Class in Diamonds (Russia)
 * RUS Order św. Stanisława (baretka).svg Knight of the Imperial Order of Saint Stanislaus, 1st Class (Russia)
 * Order of the Crown of Thailand - 3rd Class (Thailand) ribbon.svg Commander of the Most Noble Order of the Crown of Siam (Siam)
 * Royal Order of the Sword - Commander BAR.svg Commander of the Royal Order of the Sword (Sweden)

title: Kuno von Moltke


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Archbishop Tenison's Church of England schools

Archbishop Tenison's School is the name of two extant, historic British schools located in South London, England, named after their founder, Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Tenison:

 * Archbishop Tenison's School in Croydon, founded in 1714.
 * Archbishop Tenison's School in Lambeth, founded in 1685.

A girls' school was formally established in 1706 for 12 girls and in 1863 a new school building was erected at 18 Lambeth High Street. The girls school closed in 1961, when it amalgamated with Archbishop Temple's Boys School (202 Lambeth Road) to form a mixed VA school. The building was used by Temple's as a first-year annex from 1968 to 1974, when Archbishop Temple's School closed. The charity figures were transferred to Archbishop Michael Ramsey School, now St Michael and All Angel's Academy.

He also founded 2 other schools.


title: User:GrandCru3


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White River Gardens

White River Gardens is a botanical garden located at White River State Park in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. Established in 1999, the gardens are managed and operated by the Indianapolis Zoo. In 2021, White River Gardens' 3.3 acres was home to nearly 50,000 plants of more than 3,000 species. The complex includes a conservatory, fountains and water features, outdoor gardens, a dining and event facility, and 1.5 mi of paths. The gardens are situated to the east of the zoo's entry plaza on the western bank of the White River overlooking downtown Indianapolis.

History
White River Gardens' beginnings date to the early-1990s as Indianapolis Zoo officials sought to bring more public attention to the interdependence of plant and animal habitats. The inaugural Bloomfest, hosted in the spring of 1992, was among the zoo's first efforts to heighten awareness. Hired as the zoo's new president and chief executive officer in January 1993, Jeffrey Bonner envisioned several additions to the zoo, including a botanical garden.

In October 1996, the Indianapolis Zoo received accreditation as a botanical garden from the American Association of Museums. Plans for White River Gardens were announced in December 1996 with a $5 million gift from the Lilly Endowment. In April 1997, Stephen and Tomisue Hilbert pledged $3 million to support construction.

In October 1997, the Indianapolis Zoological Society oversaw the groundbreaking of White River Gardens on the site of a surface parking lot. The project was the first major expansion since the opening of the Indianapolis Zoo at White River State Park in 1988. The $15 million design borrowed inspiration from Indiana's agricultural landscape.

White River Gardens opened to the public on June 13, 1999.

Originally opened as a standalone attraction, admission and membership to the gardens were maintained separately from the neighboring Indianapolis Zoo. However, in 2007, the zoo introduced a streamlined fee structure that incorporated White River Gardens into the zoo's single-visit admission and annual membership rates. The gardens' Dick Crum Resource Center closed in 2010.

Since September 2021, White River Gardens has been closed to allow for the construction of a new entry plaza to the zoo and gardens, scheduled for completion in spring 2023.

Hilbert Conservatory
Hilbert Conservatory was designed by Indianapolis architectural firm Woollen, Molzan and Partners. The glass-enclosed conservatory contains a 65 ft ceiling and totals 5000 ft2 in size.

Hilbert Conservatory hosts "Butterfly Kaleidoscope," an annual exhibit that features over 13,000 butterflies from over 40 different species found throughout the world.

Outdoor gardens
One of the missions of the garden is to provide inspiration and ideas to gardeners on how to design their own gardens through design and traditional methods. Indianapolis-based Rundell Ernstberger Associates served as the landscape architect for the project, designing the outdoor gardens.

The Christel DeHaan Family Foundation Tiergarten contains nine themed gardens:
 * Allen W. Clowes Water Garden – water garden
 * Dan and Lori Efroymson Wedding Garden – garden room
 * Indianapolis Garden Club Heritage Garden
 * Indianapolis Zoological Guild Hedge Garden
 * Knot Garden – knot garden
 * Ornamental Allée
 * Polly Horton Hix Design Garden
 * Shade Garden – shade garden
 * Sun Garden

Public art
Several pieces of art were commissioned as part of White River Gardens. Andrew Reid's Midwestern Panorama, a cylindrical 3000 ft2 mural located inside the Bud Schaefer Rotunda, depicts native Indiana flora and fauna cycling through the four seasons.

Glass artist Dave McLary's Capital Campaign Donors Recognition Window consists of four 22 ft-by-6 ft panels etched with springtime scenes emblematic of Indiana.

Dale Enochs contributed several pieces, including seven water tables, 40 sculptural stones, and 100 individual limestone bricks. Enochs' Earth Stone, a 12 ft-tall limestone sculpture, serves as a focal point in the outdoor gardens.

Sculptor Jan Martin produced 49 bronze anthropomorphic animals "to bring humor and whimsy to the Gardens". Martin also fabricated four 24 ft-tall trellises and five 14 ft-tall vining leaf sculptures of stainless steel.

Amy Brier's interactive Spring, Summer, Fall, and Winter are four individual limestone spheres situated in urns of sand atop pedestals. Each sphere's carvings depict native flora corresponding to its season.

title: White River Gardens


text:
Talk:War of aggression

Untitled
This is the discussion/talk page for: War of aggression.

=Topics from 2005=

Definition of aggression
These needs to be fleshed out. The definition of "aggression" used here seems designed to apply the stigmatizing label of aggressor (i.e., evil) on countries which start a conflict (aside from the two exceptions).

So, Iraq was the aggressor when they invaded Kuwait - unless Kuwait was a "province" of Iraq, in which case the US was the aggressor for trying to remove Iraq's forces from their "own" sovereign Kuwaiti territory.

In the second Iraq War, it would then not matter at all how miserably exploited the Iraqi people were, under Saddam's dictatorship (how many Kurds were gassed, how many women Saddam's son raped, how many political opponents were tortured to death, etc.) - the US would be the "aggressor" because they were not responding to an invasion.

Also, the contrast between "war of aggression" and "pre-emptive war" should be fleshed out.

Oh, and what about the Vietnam War? Was the north's invasion of the south a war of aggression, or was the American military campaign against NVA and Viet Cong a war of aggression? The North's term Resistance War Against the Americans to Save the Nation makes it sound like they considered America the aggressors.

Has the United Nations or any group of treaty signatories come up with a definition of "aggression" in this context? Something the International Criminal Court could prosecute, for example? Er, no, I just checked and:

 * Many states wanted to add "aggression," "terrorism" and drug trafficking to the list of crimes covered by the Rome Statute; however other states opposed this...

 * isn't "aggression" really just used as an opinion/POV now?
 * imo, any country that invade without being attack first should be considered the aggressor; unless it is a war of succession or civil war, which they must have no treaties/recognisation/peace to begin with; in which case, i would think the state in civil war must ask for help before you can intefere, but you still cannot occupy the country (as with 1st gulf war). US case against iraq, that they help terrorist attack USA was false (iraq fear extremist as much as USA), as for WMD, it is kind of flaw reasoning since many countries that are more well-known for WMD (eg. north korea) and were not attacked. the UN also did not give it's support for the attack, and now it is jokingly refered to as a "coalition of the unwilling"...
 * in reply to:"The North's term Resistance War Against the Americans to Save the Nation" to them it is their country, the south is part of their land, they have the RIGHT to fight over it. it would be like saying the union are fighting the confederation during the civil war and another nation is helping the confed, would it not be seen as an aggressors to the union? it is a POV.Akinkhoo 22:35, 17 October 2007 (UTC)

Expand the Article
Would someone please expand the article? Uncle Ed 22:01, August 26, 2005 (UTC)

 * IMHO, in general, the basic difference between 'aggression' and 'defense' is that 'aggression' disturbs the status quo, while 'defense' seeks to maintain it. However, it's difficult to apply that definition when the status quo is in flux. Mirror Vax 22:29, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Of course the US and its allies were aggressors in the Invasion of Iraq, they broke the UN Charter, which defines aggression. There is more or less consensus about that question among legal experts. Pre-emptive wars have no legal basis, they are just crimes. 84.59.118.109 21:05, 16 January 2006 (UTC)
 * While I am glad you have found your voice in the world, please remember to keep the articles nuetral and non-POV based. --DjSamwise 17:22, 27 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Hello. I'd just like to add that your opinions and mine in this matter are pointless POV. What needs to be in this article is the legal definition (concencus on which laws?) of the crime. That's the only way to remove personal POV... maybe. :) The article is a good start but right now it's just a tool of POV spammers in other threads to proove wheatever thier opinion is. --DjSamwise 17:20, 27 June 2006 (UTC)

=Topics from 2006=

Citations needed
OK I edited a crapload of material to ask for citations and to demonstrate the UN's willingness to allow force in various situations. Someone please help me edit this and maintain nPOV. --DjSamwise 07:44, 28 June 2006 (UTC)

 * I have re-written the page do you think it better now? --Philip Baird Shearer 15:56, 4 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Wow.. well done and thanks. It looks great. I may do some checking later on to help out but from first (and second) glance, I think you've done a great job at keeping the article very neutral and verifiable. --DjSamwise 13:52, 11 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Removed command responsibillity.. it doesn't really fit here unless you['re trying to make a point out of context.. that current command should be held responsible for something. But in the proper context it doesn't relate. IE. War of agression is a series of commands given from the highest source allready so the topic of who should be held responsible is not an issue here.. it's a crime only perpetuatable by command. --DjSamwise 02:37, 16 July 2006 (UTC)
 * War of aggression is a war crime. The command responsibility stands for the letgal rules regarding culpability for such crimes. How that is not relevant escapes me. Nomen Nescio Gnothi seauton 08:49, 16 July 2006 (UTC)
 * I agree with DjSamwise. I could be wrong, but I've never heard of command responsibility being applied to the crime of aggression.  If you want to make this link, please cite a reliable source.  Sideshow Bob Roberts 17:34, 12 August 2007 (UTC)

=Topics from 2007=

Do we really need three separate articles?
I've eliminated the article formerly known as Aggression (war crime) but there's still an awful lot of overlap between the war of aggression, crime against peace and jus ad bellum articles. This whole area's a mess and could do with a complete rewrite. I don't think it's clear to the reader how these terms fit together.

Can I suggest we merge Crime against peace and war of aggression? Jus ad bellum probably deserves its own stub, explaining what the term means and directing readers to the main war of aggression article.

What think ye? Sideshow Bob Roberts 03:34, 13 August 2007 (UTC)

 * They're different. Badagnani 06:09, 13 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Thanks, that's very helpful. Are you saying you think the articles are fine just the way they are?

 * Incidentally, I've just noticed another article called Use of force by states, which covers almost exactly the same material as the other three articles. And there are probably a few other articles I haven't seen yet...  Sideshow Bob Roberts 18:59, 13 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Also see topic below: Replacement beyond vandalism.

What about the Pact of Paris
This whole topic depends on the 1928 Pact of Paris that first outlawed agressive war and the 1933 convention on the definition of agression. Shouldn't we discuss them here?70.150.94.194 23:00, 22 August 2007 (UTC)

 * If it's relevant, and you know about it and have sources you can draw on, you should add info about this. Badagnani 23:02, 22 August 2007 (UTC)

=Topics since 2008=

Assessed as Class B
16-Jan-2008: I have revised the article, checking sources, and judging verifiability. It now meets the Class-B criteria, which I have added (into the top templates "{ {WPMILHIST|class=B|...}}"). Concerns above requested formal definitions, which now appear in the article. Verifiability is obvious, because it quotes United Nations and other widely public sources which can be compared to verify. Inline citations are not a major issue, here, because sources can be found anywhere, without having to hunt for rare documents: ergo, not every phrase needs to be footnoted as if people can't find a copy of the UN Charter. However, more inline-citation footnotes could be added, but don't expect people not to constantly argue about an article such as this, regardless of all the footnotes. -Wikid77 (talk) 13:04, 16 January 2008 (UTC)

Expect vandalism
16-Jan-2008: This article is an obvious target for vandalism. Many thousands of articles on Wikipedia never get vandalized, whereas many controversial subjects get hacked every week. If you are interested, please periodically review the past several revisions (by using the History-tab diff comparisons) to look for hacking, which might not be intended as "vandalism" (but of course seems just like it). Yesterday, someone changed Principle 6 to 7 ("VI.a" to "VII.a"), so now I have inserted both numeric forms as "Principle 6, specifically Principle VI(a)" to help spot future tampering. Be on guard. -Wikid77 (talk) 13:04, 16 January 2008 (UTC)

Replacement beyond vandalism
16-Jan-2008: Wikipedia is still struggling with anti-vandalism, which has been a major issue, and policies have focused on "edit wars" for reverting changes. Meanwhile, the world has moved on to major re-writes of history, in the form of replacing whole articles with an alternate POV or, perhaps, to claim "I wrote that" whatever. Beware that this article (of 16Jan2008) might be replaced in entirety with "other" scholarship. Long-term control of information is still a massive problem, with no formal provision, yet, to have multiple articles about the same topic. There is still a misconception that neutrality can be found within one article, such as the "American Civil War" rather than a separate "War of Northern Aggression" or such. No plans have been defined, yet, to allow a confederation of semi-protected articles to cover various viewpoints about a subject, nor is there a provision to allow a "minority report" to add a parting comment after an article has been deleted. Similar articles exist only under alternate names (such as Crime against peace or Jus ad bellum). Wikipedia still supports the mindset of semi-managed "mob rule" and follows the notion that an article will contain "THE truth" (meaning "the one and only true viewpoint"). For example, an article about a wealthy computer executive might proclaim that the "philanthropist gave millions for the education of children" while always suppressing that most of the "education" was in the guise of teaching children to learn, and become dependent upon, the computer products which he was selling to the world, not in funding general schools. Beware that the article "War of aggression" (after 16Jan2008) might also become slanted, or replaced entirely, intending a similar bias. Following the idea that "absolute power corrupts absolutely" the tactic of keeping only one article about each subject has put a lot of "absolute power" into each article. -Wikid77 (talk) 13:40, 16 January 2008 (UTC)

Sourcing issues
Is this source "^ Marjorie Cohn (9 November 2004). "Aggressive War: Supreme International Crime". Truthout.org. Archived from the original on 2004-11-10. http://web.archive.org/web/20041110060613/http://www.truthout.org/docs_04/110904A.shtml. Retrieved on 2008-07-01." really the best citation for the claim "The International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg, which followed World War II, called the waging of aggressive war "essentially an evil thing...to initiate a war of aggression...is not only an international crime; it is the supreme international crime, differing only from other war crimes in that it contains within itself the accumulated evil of the whole."? Do we even need this line? Bonewah (talk) 21:13, 4 March 2009 (UTC)
 * I added a primary source for the quote--Yale University's Avalon project. The abbreviated quotation misrepresented the Nuremberg Judgment as saying wars of aggression were essentially evil, when they said that war (in general) is essentially evil. So I changed it to reflect what the authors actually said, which is the first priority. But I'm unhappy with the change because in this more accurate form, the quote no longer starts with war of aggression--the topic of the article--but with war in general, so seems less focused. Also, it spans multiple sentences, so should really be a block quote, which would be better in the body of the article than in the introduction. I'm open for suggestions. As for whether the line itself is needed, since its speakers are the highest legal authority in history to pass judgment on others for planning and waging aggressive wars, their emphasis of the crime's "utmost gravity" and argument for it are paramount among expert opinions cited in the article.Adelphious (talk) 06:29, 24 March 2016 (UTC)

Definition using Past Examples: US War Crimes?
I've been reading about the ICC's plan to prosecte for the crime of aggression by 2017, and I was wondering whether the invasion of Iraq and Afghanistan that both came against UN sanction, without a formal declaration of war, and under a 'plot' or 'conspiracy' to invade and subjugate a nation state (Iraq, WMD's that didn't exist, knowingly didn't exist, Afghanistan, Osama Skip-The-Border-To-Pakistan-8/11 Laden).

By the current ICC definition of a crime of aggression these two invasions would definitely qualify, so the question is, how will the ICC prosecute? Will they prosecute for actions retroactively? Will they pretend that the US didn't randomly invade a few dozen countries in the last few decades? Would the ICC actually call the US out on it's criminal behaviour, or dare risk the ire of a superpower pulling it's support thus threatening the legitimacy of it's jurisdiction?

It's a REALLY interesting concept, and it'll definitely be insanely controversial and cause massive drama, defacement, and reversion wars if it's discussed, but it really, really, really should be an element of thought within the scope of this article. I'd also be interested in other elements where us 'good guys' do bad things and get away with it whereas every middle eastern dictator gets shot or hung after a kangaroo court hearing under similar charges. Pmorphsab (talk) 16:54, 22 August 2011 (UTC)

No examples?
Hey, how about some historically correct examples? Eg Nazi Germany in Poland, Soviet Russia in Finnland141.76.110.235 (talk) 10:06, 6 May 2013 (UTC)
 * or the USA in Iraq 2003 — Preceding unsigned comment added by 78.42.252.102 (talk) 21:45, 17 November 2013 (UTC)

And Russia in the Crimea.Royalcourtier (talk) 08:07, 7 March 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
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War of choice
The page War of choice redirects here, but nowhere in this article does the phrase "war of choice" appear, nor is it explained why the two phrases "war of choice" and "war of aggression" are synonymous. 123.205.19.162 (talk) 13:24, 19 March 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:War of aggression


text: User:GrandCruAgain

title: User:GrandCruAgain


text:
Ercole Ferrata

Ercole Ferrata (1610 – 10 July 1686) was an Italian sculptor of the Roman Baroque.

Biography

A native of Pellio Inferiore, near Como, Ferrata initially apprenticed with Alessandro Algardi, and became one of his prime assistants. When his mentor died, Ferrata and another pupil, Domenico Guidi, completed Algardi's unfinished Vision of Saint Nicholas at San Nicola da Tolentino; ultimately, the innovative arrangement of two independent but interactive groups derives from the original design by Algardi.

While Ferrata's initial work still owes much to Algardi, Ferrata distanced himself from the classical serenity found in the work of his mentor and Francois Duquesnoy, and moved towards the expressive emotionalism of Gian Lorenzo Bernini. He is best known for two works in Sant'Agnese in Agone in Rome, the Bernini-inspired The Death of St. Agnes (1660–64) as well as the marble relief Stoning of St Emerenziana (1660). The latter has a restraint influenced by his mentor, Algardi, although the superior half was completed by one of his pupils, Leonardo Retti in 1689-1709. Under the leadership of Bernini, he sculpted the Angel with a Cross for the Ponte Sant'Angelo and reportedly completed the elephant statue holding the obelisk in front of Santa Maria sopra Minerva. Early in his career he worked with Cosimo Fanzago and Giuliano Finelli in Naples. He also made the statue of Saint Catherine of Siena for the Chigi Chapel in the Duomo di Siena. With Francesco Aprile he sculpted Sant'Anastasia in Santa Anastasia in Rome, another statue resembling Bernini's famous dying Beata Ludovica Albertoni.

In 1673, when Cosimo III, Grand Duke of Tuscany established an informal academy in the Villa Madama in Rome, to give promising students an opportunity to study from antiquities, he placed it under the direction of Ercole Ferrata and the painter Ciro Ferri, who had been collaborating with Pietro da Cortona in frescoes for Palazzo Pitti. In 1677, when the Grand Duke arranged to get his antique sculptures released from Rome, Ercole Ferrata was recalled to Florence to unpack and see to them. "A rather colourless, plodding sculptor whose gifts were best displayed in executing or imitating the conceptions of more imaginative artists, Ferrata nonetheless enjoyed a deserved reputation as an authority on the antique".

When a headless torso had been discovered a few years previously, during the opening of a new road to the Santa Maria in Vallicella, the order of the Oratorians who owned the torso sent it to be "restored" by Ercole Ferrata, who essentially created the Faun Carrying a Kid, which after purchase by Queen Christina, was sold in 1724 to Philip V of Spain. Ferrata is less known for the documented fact that he provided the elegant arms for the Venus de' Medici. "He showed remarkable flair in making just the kind of attractive additions to a mutilated statue which most appealed to connoisseurs", according to Francis Haskell and Nicholas Penny.

He worked along with Bernini creating a much admired fountain for the gardens palace of the Count of Ericeira in Lisbon - unfortunately lost along with the palace, great library and art collection due to the great Lisbon earthquake of 1755.

Of the generation after Bernini and Algardi, which included Domenico Guidi and Antonio Raggi, Ferrata led the most successful studio for training sculptors. Ferrata's pupils included the Florentine Giovanni Battista Foggini as well as Melchiorre Cafà, who acted as Ercole's studio assistant. In addition he trained Leonardo Retti, Francesco Aprile, Michele Maglia, Filippo Carcani, Giuseppe Mazzuoli, Lorenzo Ottoni, and Giuseppe Rusnati. Among his last pupils was Camillo Rusconi, who moved to Rome in 1686 to work briefly in Ferrata's studio.

Ercole Ferrata died at Rome in 1686.

Collections
Ferrata's work is held in the permanent collections of many museums worldwide, including the Museo d'Arte Sacra di Scaria, the Birmingham Museums, the Wignacourt Museum, the Victoria and Albert Museum, the University of Michigan Museum of Art, the Walters Art Museum, and the Princeton University Art Museum.

title: Ercole Ferrata


text:
Talk:Eric Heisserer

Untitled
Google returns over 5000 results for this person, including several pieces in major newspapers: doesn't that merit an entry?

 * Absolutely. We now have a stub, time to get cracking!Scix 07:08, 6 December 2005 (UTC)

misinfo
"which will take the series in a direction different from the previous installments."

I've read the script. No such thing occurs (nor does the reference provided indicate that it does). There's a vatiation on the theme [spoiler: a new rule is introduced that death will skip you if you substitute another's life.]

But this is not a "different direction" it's just another attempt to cheat death -- all the films have that. Bustter (talk) 23:41, 10 July 2011 (UTC)

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text:
Melā

Mela (मेला) is a Sanskrit word meaning "gathering" or "to meet" or a "fair". It is used in the Indian subcontinent for all sizes of gatherings and can be religious, commercial, cultural or sport-related. In rural traditions melas or village fairs were (and in some cases still are) of great importance. This led to their export around the world by South Asian diaspora communities wishing to bring something of that tradition to their new countries.

In recent times "mela" also popularly refers to shows and exhibitions. It can be theme-based, promoting a particular culture, art or skill. Generally at "melas" people can find eateries, entertainment activities, shops and games.

The Kumbh Mela, held every twelve years, at Prayagraj, Haridwar, Nashik and Ujjain is one of the largest fairs in India, where over 50 million people gathered in January 2001, making it the largest gathering anywhere in the world.

India

 * Gangasagar Mela at Sagar Island
 * Gita Mahotsav
 * Haridwar Kumbh Mela
 * Jhiri Mela
 * Kapal Mochan Mela, Haryana
 * Kumbh Mela
 * Mela Maghi at Muktsar
 * Minjar Mela
 * Perfect Health Mela
 * Nashik-Trimbakeshwar Simhastha
 * Prayagraj Kumbh Mela
 * Pushkar Fair
 * Pushkaram – the river festivals of Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana.
 * Ratha-Yatra Mela
 * Sonepur Cattle Fair
 * Shaheedi Jor Mela
 * Ujjain Simhastha

Bangladesh

 * Banijya Mela
 * Ekushey Boi Mela
 * Boishakhi Mela

Pakistan

 * Mela Chiraghan

Usage outside South Asia
In modern usage outside South Asia it has become a term that shows widespread diversity of interpretation, just as has been the case in South Asia. One can find a Nepalese mela in the US, or a Bengali mela in London, such as the Boishakhi Mela. The Boishakhi Mela is the largest open-air Asian festival in Europe and the largest Bengali festival outside of Bangladesh. After the Notting Hill Carnival, it is the second-largest street festival in the United Kingdom, attracting over 80,000 visitors from across the country. Many melas are wider intercultural (though mainly Asian) festivals incorporating music, dance, food and other aspects of mainstream culture.

Since the 1980s an increasing number of melas have regularly been held in larger towns outside south Asia, especially in the UK and North America. The larger melas tend to be those with larger ethnic minority populations, but many melas are held in communities with small South Asian diasporas. Community ownership of these melas is important to the South Asian communities, who see them as opportunities to share their cultural heritage with the mainstream. They are opportunities for bridge-building and community-building and can perform a strong socially cohesive function.

More successful outside-of-Asia melas tend to have a strongly diversified funding base with private/public/third sector collaboration. Public money is often spent on the melas. This reflects the mela organisers' and public authorities' joint conviction that, as in the sub-continent, melas are for everyone.

Notable Melas outside the Asian subcontinent

 * Milan The Hague (The Netherlands)
 * Oslo Mela Festival (Norway)
 * Belfast Mela  (UK)
 * Birmingham Mela (UK)
 * Boishakhi Mela (UK)
 * Bradford Mela (UK)
 * Cardiff Mela (UK)
 * Edinburgh Mela (UK)
 * Glasgow Mela (UK)
 * London Mela (UK)
 * Manchester Mega Mela (UK)
 * Middlesbrough Mela (UK)
 * Newcastle Mela (UK)
 * Nottingham Mela (UK)
 * Preston Mela (UK)
 * Southampton Mela (UK)
 * Brooklyn Mela, Coney Island Ave, New York (US)
 * Punjabi Mela, Centreville, VA (US)

title: Melā


text: User:GrandCruThree

title: User:GrandCruThree


text:
Robert Hook

Robert Hook may refer to:

 * Robert Hooke (1635–1703), English natural philosopher, architect and polymath
 * Robert William Hook (1828–1911), coxswain of the Lowestoft lifeboat (1853–1883), credited with saving more than 600 lives

title: Robert Hook


text:
Talk:Liaqat Ali

This article was nominated for deletion on 19 August 2005. The result was: no consensus, so keep. See Votes for deletion/Manchester councillors. -- Eugene van der Pijll 22:00, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Liaqat Ali


text:
Talk:John Bridges

This article was nominated for deletion on 19 August 2005. The result was: no consensus, so keep. See Votes for deletion/Manchester councillors. -- Eugene van der Pijll 22:01, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:John Bridges


text:
Talk:Charlestown, Manchester

This article was nominated for deletion on 19 August 2005. The result was: no consensus, so keep. See Votes for deletion/Manchester councillors. -- Eugene van der Pijll 22:01, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Greater Manchester County Council Arms.png
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BetacommandBot (talk) 06:45, 19 December 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Greater Manchester County Council Arms.png
Image:Greater Manchester County Council Arms.png is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 06:24, 23 December 2007 (UTC)

External links modified
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text:
Talk:Helen Fisher (politician)

Untitled
This article was nominated for deletion on 19 August 2005. The result was: no consensus, so keep. See Votes for deletion/Manchester councillors. -- Eugene van der Pijll 22:01, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Helen Fisher (politician)


text:
Talk:John Grant (British politician)

Untitled
This article was nominated for deletion on 19 August 2005. The result was: no consensus, so keep. See Votes for deletion/Manchester councillors. -- Eugene van der Pijll 22:01, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:John Grant (British politician)


text:
Talk:Prolactinoma

Differential causes of hyperprolactinaemia
The listing of causes, other than prolactinomas, of  hyperprolactinaemia really belongs in the appropriate section of Prolactin.

The diagnosis and imaging needs to be mentioned here and will be slightly duplicated under the investigation of hyperprolactinaemia generally. David Rubentalk 22:01, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

Symptoms
I think the pain in chest/nipples should be added as a symptom. Mamendes (talk) 17:56, 17 June 2008 (UTC)

Tumor Spread
In some cases, prolactinomas can spread into the surrounding tissue. Juan Carlos Fernadez-Miranda at Stanford University Medical Center has papers on it: https://profiles.stanford.edu/juan-fernandez-miranda?tab=publications Aido (talk) 05:03, 6 November 2023 (UTC)

 * Invasion of other tissues is rare in this pathology. It is generally considered to be a benign tumor. Just-a-can-of-beans (talk) 16:18, 6 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Prolactinoma


text:
Talk:Eric Hobin

Untitled
This article was nominated for deletion on 19 August 2005. The result was: no consensus, so keep. See Votes for deletion/Manchester councillors. -- Eugene van der Pijll 22:01, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Eric Hobin


text:
Talk:Rodney Isherwood

AfD
This article was nominated for deletion on 19 August 2005. The result was: no consensus, so keep. See Votes for deletion/Manchester councillors. -- Eugene van der Pijll 22:01, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Rodney Isherwood


text:
Talk:Paul Shannon (UK politician)

Untitled
This article was nominated for deletion on 19 August 2005. The result was: no consensus, so keep. See Votes for deletion/Manchester councillors. -- Eugene van der Pijll 22:01, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Paul Shannon (UK politician)


text:
Talk:David Sandiford

Untitled
This article was nominated for deletion on 19 August 2005. The result was: no consensus, so keep. See Votes for deletion/Manchester councillors. -- Eugene van der Pijll 22:01, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:David Sandiford


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ignite (U.S. band)

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was keep. Friday (talk) 19:20, 8 September 2005 (UTC)

Ignite (U.S. band)
non-notable. SaltyPig 22:01, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. allmusic has them.  Friday (talk) 22:07, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Verifiable and seems important enough.  JYolkowski // talk 22:56, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Well known hardcore punk band. Released albums on Revelation Records and TVT Records, toured the world...  baseballfan 09:50, August 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Excellent band and imortant in local genre scene for a decade; currently touring and going into studio to record new album.
 * Keep meets Wikiproject Music's criteria. Just had a link to them from an article I'm working on.. Secretlondon 11:27, 7 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:David Royle

Untitled
This article was nominated for deletion on 19 August 2005. The result was: no consensus, so keep. See Votes for deletion/Manchester councillors. -- Eugene van der Pijll 22:01, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

The David Royle with a TV career is definitely a different person. Martin Rathfelder 27/1/07

Comments moved from article page
Reginald Hill's page has a link here: did David Royle play Sergeant Wield in the TV version of the Dalziel/Pascoe novels? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Julianmk (talk • contribs) 14 July 2006

Different David Royle, probably. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 212.10.115.114 (talk • contribs) 21 July 2006

Yes. Though the actor was born in nearby Salford —Preceding unsigned comment added by 142.16.22.18 (talk • contribs) 22 April 2007

Is the redirect appropriate? Disambiguation preferred?
As already noted on the talk page David Royle is the name of an actor who plays a recurring major character in the Dalziel and Pascoe television adaptation. I see that this article redirects to Fallowfield on the basis of a councillor for Fallowfield ward also being called David Royle. This redirect seems overly local to Manchester and a disambiguation page might be preferable. I would be bold and make the change but I thought it better to leave this message in hopes that anyone opposed to such a change could put their views before any decision is made one way or another. Alex McKee (talk) 19:21, 10 January 2015 (UTC)
 * Given that there has been no response I decided to be bold and change this to a disambiguation page. Currently David Royle (actor) is a redlink, though. Alex McKee (talk) 19:26, 22 February 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:David Royle


text:
Talk:Mohammed Sajjad

Untitled
This article was nominated for deletion on 19 August 2005. The result was: no consensus, so keep. See Votes for deletion/Manchester councillors. -- Eugene van der Pijll 22:01, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Mohammed Sajjad


text:
Talk:John Cameron (British politician)

This article was nominated for deletion on 19 August 2005. The result was: no consensus, so keep. See Votes for deletion/Manchester councillors. -- Eugene van der Pijll 22:01, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:John Cameron (British politician)


text:
User talk:JTR555

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Questions, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --Maru 22:02, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
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Image copyright problem with Image:Lum1.gif
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title: User talk:JTR555


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Speedtree

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete (4-0). Scimitar parley 18:48, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

Speedtree
This article looks like "Advertising or other spam". It is not an encyclopedia article. Andargor 22:02, 26 August 2005 (UTC) Nomination fixed by feydey 23:37, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete, promotion. feydey 23:37, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, per above. Quicksandish 01:21, August 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete- yes, the current contents indicate promotion and advertisement. --Bhadani 12:48, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Advertisement. *drew 02:10, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Wynn Macau

Wynn Macau is a luxury hotel and casino resort in the Macau Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China with two towers containing a total of 1,008 rooms and suites, approximately 273000 sqft of casino space, over 59000 sqft of retail space, eight casual and fine dining restaurants, two spas, a salon and a pool.

Wynn Macau is operated by international resort developer Wynn Resorts.

Wynn Macau opened on 6 September 2006 and its second tower, Encore, opened on 21 April 2010.

History
Wynn Macau opened to the public on 6 September 2006.

In December 2007, Wynn Macau completed an expansion, adding more gaming space and additional food and beverage and retail shops.

Awards and Ratings
In 2009, Wynn Macau received its first Five-Star award by Forbes. , Wynn Macau is currently ranked amongst the top 25 hotels worldwide.

Second Tower Expansion
On 21 April 2010, the company opened Encore at Wynn Macau, an all-suite boutique hotel, which is fully integrated into the existing operations at Wynn Macau similar to Encore Las Vegas. Encore Macau has 410 suites, including 41 Grand Salon Suites, bringing the total number of rooms at Wynn Macau to 1,008.

Cotai

On 1 May 2012, Wynn Macau received approval from the Macau government for its Cotai land concession, paving the way for Wynn Macau to break ground on the 51 acre site.

Wynn Macau Limited acquired a group of Jiaqing period (1796-1820) porcelain vases at a Christie's London auction on 7 July 2011. The vases were purchased for £8 million ($12.8 million). "We are delighted to return works of this extraordinary quality to the city of Macau and the People’s Republic of China," Roger Thomas, executive vice president of Design for Wynn Design and Development, said after the sale.

The Qing dynasty vases were on display at Wynn Palace and a sixteenth-century Louis XIV Beauvais Chinoiserie tapestry of 'The Emperor on a Journey,' is on display at Wynn Macau. Other art at Wynn Macau includes a Louis Rigal drawing, Macanese silk embroidery, a Louis XIV silk tapestry, two cloisonné camels, and Ming Dynasty statuary.

title: Wynn Macau


text:
Talk:Upstairs at Eric's

=Situation= The article states that the album contains "Situation", but neither track listing on the page mentions it (except as a bonus track). I assume it was a single released independently of the album, but I can't tell based on the information in this article. In fact the track listings are confusing; there is the original UK version, and a "re-release", but there is no information about this re-release. -Ashley Pomeroy 20:53, 15 June 2007 (UTC)
 * "Situation" was not on the original 1982 UK LP/cassette release. It did appear (in its US remix form) on the UK CD, issued in 1986. Note that both UK and US CDs include the US 12" mix and not the original (and comparatively pedestrian) UK mix. - 88.111.114.239 (talk) 14:22, 24 January 2008 (UTC)
 * hi Allison I was 12 when you did situation ,it still electrify I have I very high quality sound system in my pub,, at a
 * last song last call I always, play situation ... full out 12 jbls monsters and two subs in the dance 154.5.95.190 (talk) 08:31, 14 February 2024 (UTC)

=Allmusic refereences and quotes= I dont understand why the younger generations keeps quoting Allmusic, is it because its easy?. Who the eff care what blog writers at Allmusic think about an album that that was produced 30 years before they existed? People should stick to Allmusic reference only to music that was proceeded when the band/ group/person existed at the same time as Allmusic...which wasnt that long ago in Allmusic's case — Preceding unsigned comment added by Starbwoy (talk • contribs) 17:01, 17 February 2015 (UTC)
 * AllMusic isn't a blog – and the Wikipedia consensus is that it is a reliable source as a reference: see Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Albums for example. Richard3120 (talk) 20:19, 17 February 2015 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Upstairs at Eric's


text: User:GNAA Popeye2

title: User:GNAA Popeye2