text:
User talk:Janice Rowe

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Alf 16:42, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
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Aw... Thank you. Janice Rowe 16:46, 21 August 2005 (UTC)

Janice, with regards to Prem Rawat please keep in mind that Mishler is not the only former inner circle member who makes allegations of heavy drinking. Other people are Michael Dettmers, Rawat's former finance managaer. Dettmers first posted on a chat room but his indentity was verified , and Michael Donner, former American coordinator of the Divine Light Mission, also verified.  Here is Rawat's response Andries 10:17, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Thank you. I read with interest the comments in the discussion page. To me it looks like a straight case of character assassination by three former employees. Nevertheless, these accounts belong were they are: a website in which critics make their points. Do you side with these critics? and if so, why? --Janice Rowe

 * yes, I side with the critics because I consider Rawat a transparantly unreliable guru/teacher. Reasons why I think he is unreliable and dishonest include
 * making claims of divinity or at least suggesting it and now denying to any responsibility for it and blaming it all on others
 * leaving a lavish lifestyle while his followers lived or live, due to living in the ashrams or visiting all festivals/satsangs became impoverished.
 * I know from experience that they can cause havoc to people who devote their lives to the guru and his teachings. See my story calumny confirmed
 * I am interested to hear from you why you think that these three stories are a clear case of character assination. I admit that they may be just that, though I do not believe it but I do certainly not considet it a clear case. I really try to be open for evidence of being wrong and not to excessively sceptical of opposing point of views. I think it is quite common (I know some other inside stories not published on the internet) that gurus pretend to be pure to attract and keep followers which of course they are not and create an inner circle and keep things hidden from rank and file followers. Besides the Dutch professor of psychology in religion who wrote in a quite positive book about followers of gurus called Rawat a charlatan, leading a live of pleasures and idleness hidden away from rank and file followers.
 * Thanks in advance. Andries 20:13, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Being an ex-follower of a guru, your misapprehension of gurus may be understandable. Nevertheless, I know several followers of Prem Rawat and they do not seem empoverished or having their lives in havoc for following him. Also, in my readings of some of the speeches of Rawat I did not encounter any claims of being pure. --Janice Rowe

Clean-up tag
Hi Janice, I just saw you put up the correct tag for the "Spiritual approaches" section of Consciousness. Thanks! You should teach me how not to miss the obvious some time.— encephalon έγκέφαλος   23:20:35, 2005-09-07 (UTC)
 * You are welcome, έγκέφαλος --Janice Rowe 00:48, 9 September 2005 (UTC)

Rawat
Hi Janice,

You left this phrasing in the Criticism section of the Prem Rawat article: " [...] India, where he considered an heretic, stating that any man who says that all scriptures are true, is a heretic everywhere."

The meaning of that is not very clear to me: did he say something about all scriptures being true, from which all Indians conclude he is an heretic everywhere? Or what precisely? Can I ask to rephrase so that it would become clearer? thanks! --Francis Schonken (talk) 21:28, 9 February 2008 (UTC)

Hullo Francis. I took that from Messer's article. Have you read it? Janice Rowe (talk) 21:31, 9 February 2008 (UTC)

 * No, and that is precisely the point. Could you give a literal quote? Or, if it is already a literal quote, some of the surrounding text, so that the Wikipedia article makes sense to an average reader that hasn't read the book? Tx.

 * Also I'd rather like to discuss these points on the Prem Rawat talk page. Maybe it's just my dumb not to understand that sentence, if noone else has a problem with it, I'd be happy to learn about it.

 * Here's another of your edits I have a problem with, and would rather discuss on the Prem Rawat talk page, but anyhow here it is:  - I looked around, but couldn't find "yesterday's version" where it would have come from. As a rebuttal of the scholar's assertions it misses the point too, imho. Note that I was in favour of having a "reception" section instead of a "criticism" section (see Talk:Prem_Rawat), balancing positive reception and criticism - but even then I'd think this kind of rebuttal too trivial to keep in the article. So if you don't mind I'd remove that again. --Francis Schonken (talk) 21:57, 9 February 2008 (UTC)

Well, if a cite speaks of "idleness and pleasure", should not a counterpoint be offered?

This is the literal quote from Messer:

"Although Maharaj Ji is himself from India, is a guru, and offers a meditation technique, he is not clearly Eastern and is a subject of great controversy in India, where he is also a major heretic. Any man who says that all scriptures are true, that Buddha, Mohammed, Moses, Jesus, Krishna, and a host of others were all Christ, is a heretic everywhere. To many Western devotees he is plainly a Christian, but there is no clear definition there either. As a consequence, it is difficult to place Divine Light Mission among the religious movements in the West, and it operates as a bit of an outcast, refusing to join associations of different groups, and simultaneously refusing to admit that they are not also "premies, though they don't know it." Devotees will listen to Sat Sang from anyone and will give it to anyone, treating none who are not also devotees as if they had the whole truth and none as if they had missed the boat entirely. It is disconcerting to a Jehovah's Witness, for instance, to hear a devotee agree with every word he says and then respond with, "Except that He's already here; I know what you say is true because I've seen it."

Janice Rowe (talk)

Prem Rawat 1RR probation
Per the discussion at Administrators' noticeboard, the articles now in category:Prem Rawat are on special 1RR and disruption probation. A notice describing the probation is at talk:Prem Rawat. ≈ jossi ≈ (talk) 01:32, 5 March 2008 (UTC)

Center for Cognitive Studies
A tag has been placed on Center for Cognitive Studies, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done for the following reason:

A7 - no assertion of notability

Under the criteria for speedy deletion, articles that do not meet basic Wikipedia criteria may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as an appropriate article, and if you can indicate why the subject of this article is appropriate, you may contest the tagging. To do this, add  on the top of the page and leave a note on the article's talk page explaining your position. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the article that would confirm its subject's notability under the guidelines.

For guidelines on specific types of articles, you may want to check out our criteria for biographies, for web sites, for bands, or for companies. Feel free to leave a note on my talk page if you have any questions about this. ·:· Will Beback ·:· 00:54, 7 March 2008 (UTC)

Center for Cognitive Studies
Another editor has added the  template to the article Center for Cognitive Studies, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but the editor doesn't believe it satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and has explained why in the article (see also What Wikipedia is not and Notability). Please either work to improve the article if the topic is worthy of inclusion in Wikipedia or discuss the relevant issues at its talk page. If you remove the  template, the article will not be deleted, but note that it may still be sent to Articles for deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. BJBot (talk) 05:59, 7 March 2008 (UTC)

Prem Rawat Page
You have reverted several edits on the Prem Rawat page with a misleading and non-informative edit summary ("That doesn't belong in Teachings"), and without joining the discussions on each of these edits on the talk page. I suggest that you immediately explain your actions on Talk and strongly consider reverting your unilateral edit, which has a strong impression of edit warring. As you know, this page is under close supervision due to edit warring, and technical adherence to the 1RR probation does not prevent sanction for edit warring. Msalt (talk) 06:24, 7 March 2008 (UTC)
 * I disagree with your edits. It's that simple. Janice Rowe (talk)
 * That does not give you the right to edit war. Again, I ask you that you self-revert your mass-reversion. If you have concerns with individual edits, let's discuss each separately on the article's talk page.  If you prefer, I would be happy to seek dispute resolution. Msalt (talk) 06:41, 7 March 2008 (UTC)

 * I agree and I've posted a note on the article talk page. Please post the explanation of your revert. ·:· Will Beback  ·:· 06:43, 7 March 2008 (UTC)

I am a busy person and don't have as much time as you do. Are you all unemployed? Well, I am not; I'll participate within my limits. Janice Rowe (talk)
 * Please don't make edits that you can't explain, and please don't revert the hard work of others if you don't have the time to justify doing so. We're all busy too so please respect the time and effort of others. ·:· Will Beback  ·:· 03:17, 9 March 2008 (UTC)

ok. Janice Rowe (talk)

Prem Rawat articles, should go to RFAR
In my opinion 1rr, and DR via AN and ANI, and discussion, have failed. Take it to RFAR. Lawrence §  t / e  18:18, 16 March 2008 (UTC)

Request for Arbitration
You have been named as a party at Requests_for_arbitration ≈ jossi ≈ (talk) 20:32, 16 March 2008 (UTC)

Requests for arbitration/Prem Rawat
An Arbitration case involving you has been opened, and is located here. Please add any evidence you may wish the Arbitrators to consider to the evidence sub-page, Requests for arbitration/Prem Rawat/Evidence. Please submit your evidence within one week, if possible. You may also contribute to the case on the workshop sub-page, Requests for arbitration/Prem Rawat/Workshop.

On behalf of the Arbitration Committee, John Vandenberg (talk) 02:46, 18 March 2008 (UTC)

Requests for arbitration/Prem Rawat
This arbitration case has been closed and the final decision is available at the link above. Evidence presented did not disclose a history of problematic editing, in terms of basic content policy, by Jossi, and the Committee commended Jossi's self-imposed restriction to edit only talk pages for Prem Rawat related articles. Due to a history of incivility and personal attacks surrounding articles related to the Prem Rawat movement, the preexisting community enforced one-revert rule on Prem Rawat and related articles that commenced March 4, 2008, has been superceeded by Arbitration Committee enforced article probation. John Vandenberg (chat) 15:18, 12 May 2008 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Center for Cognitive Studies

The article Center for Cognitive Studies has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * Only one primary source, no assertion of notability, tagged since 2008

While all contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing  will stop the Proposed Deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. The Speedy Deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and Articles for Deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion.  Will Beback   talk    04:40, 1 November 2009 (UTC)

Requests for arbitration/Prem Rawat: Contentious topic designation removed
Hello ,

As a very late update to the Prem Rawat arbitration case, the contentious topic designation, previously "discretionary sanctions", originally "article probation", has been removed following a successful request for amendment.

Any actions previously taken in accordance with the contentious topic designation remain in force and are governed by the contentious topics procedure.

This notification may be mostly unnecessary, but as you had been a party to the original case, I thought you might be interested in hearing that after about 15 years, this remnant has been removed. Until today, it was listed at.

Best regards, ~ ToBeFree (talk) 19:38, 10 October 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:Janice Rowe


text:
H. E. T. Haultain

Herbert Edward Terrick Haultain (9 August 1869 – 19 September 1961) was a Canadian engineer and inventor.

He was born in Brighton, England, and died in Toronto, Ontario. He graduated from the University of Toronto with a degree in civil engineering from the School of Practical Science (now the Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering) in 1889. He was largely responsible for the creation of the Ritual of the Calling of an Engineer administered to many Canadian engineering students, where they receive the Iron Ring. The Haultain building at the University of Toronto is named for him and he is an inductee of the Canadian Mining Hall of Fame.

In the 1920s, 20% to 30% of the Canadian graduating classes in engineering were emigrating to the United States. In 1927 Professor Haultain and Robert A. Bryce, president of Macassa Mines and a noted mining engineer, co-founded the Technical Service Council, a non-profit, industry-sponsored organization. Its aim was to retain engineers for Canada by operating a placement service for them. In 1971, the Council's executive search arm, Bryce, Haultain & Associates, was named after them. He died in 1961 and was buried in Little Lake Cemetery in Peterborough, Ontario.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: H. E. T. Haultain


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Implicit invocation

Implicit invocation is a term used by some authors for a style of software architecture in which a system is structured around event handling, using a form of callback. It is closely related to inversion of control and what is known informally as the Hollywood principle.

"The idea behind implicit invocation is that instead of invoking a procedure directly, a component can announce (or broadcast) one or more events. Other components in the system can register an interest in an event by associating a procedure with the event. When the event is announced the system itself invokes all of the procedures that have been registered for the event. Thus an event announcement implicitly causes the invocation of procedures in other modules."

- David Garlan and Mary Shaw

Implicit invocation is the core technique behind the observer pattern.

title: Implicit invocation


text:
Anđelka Bego-Šimunić

Anđelka Bego-Šimunić (23 October 1941 – 9 February 2022) was a Bosnian-Herzegovinian composer of Croatian descent. She taught at the Sarajevo Music Academy in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

She studied composition at the academy under Ivan Brkanović and Miroslav Špiler, earning a master's degree in 1973. Afterwards, she taught theory at the secondary music school in Sarajevo. She joined the staff of the academy in 1975, and later became assistant (1985) and full professor at the academy, where her students include Igor Karaca. From 1986 to 1992 she was president of the Bosnian composers’ association (1986–1992) and one of the principal organizers of the Days of Musical Creation festival.

Her music is mostly neo-classical in style, influenced by Sergei Prokofiev's extended tonality and treatment of form, with elements of neo-romanticism, particularly in the style of Franz Liszt, and early Expressionism. Her works occasionally refer to Bosnian folklore.

Works
(selective list)

Instrumental

 * Sonatina in E♭, pf, 1963
 * Allegretto scherzoso, sym. orch, 1963
 * Gudački kvartet br.1, str qt, 1964
 * Simfonija br.1, sym. orch, 1966
 * Pf Conc., 1970
 * Koncertni stavak, sym. orch, 1971
 * Ad perpetuam memoriam, cycle of preludes, pf, 1976
 * Capriccio, vc, 1976
 * Dvije premeditacije br.1–2, str orch, 1977
 * Premeditacija br.3, va, vc, pf, 1978
 * Sonatni stavak, bn, pf, 1979
 * Premeditacija br.4, sym. orch, 1979
 * Intermezzo, vn, pf, 1981
 * Premeditacija br.5, va, pf, 1982
 * Trio, fl, vn, pf, 1983
 * Moviment, fl, cl, cembalo, str qt, 1984
 * Sonanse, pf, 1985
 * Intermezzo, str orch, 1985
 * Improvizacij, pf, 1987
 * Sonatni stavak, pf, 1988
 * Premeditacija br.7, str orch, 1988
 * Cornus, pf, 1989
 * Largo con Allegro, tpt, 1990
 * Duo, 2 cl, 1991
 * Concerto cantico, vn, orch, 1994

Vocal
Adapted from Historija muzike u Bosni i Hercegovini (219–20), by permission of Institut za muzikologiju Muzičke akademije u Sarajevu.

 * Čarobna frula (cycle, J. Kaštelan), Bar, pf, 1964
 * Minijature, female chorus, 1987
 * Ponoćne pjesme (cycle, T. Ujević), S, orch, 1989
 * Vjetar noću (cycle, M. Krleža), S, pf, 1994
 * Balada o pjesniku, S, pf, 1997

title: Anđelka Bego-Šimunić


text:
Utsurun Desu: Kawauso Hawaii e Iku!!!

Utsurun Desu: Kawauso Hawaii e Iku!!! (伝染るんです. かわうそハワイへ行く) is a video game for the Nintendo Famicom based on the popular Japanese manga character from the 1980s "the otter man", Kawauso-kun from Sensya Yoshida's series Uturun Desu. The game was published in 1992 by Takara.

Summary

While ostensibly a traditional platform game in which the player controls Kawauso-kun, the game has gained renown for being one of the earliest titles to attempt to break away from the video game conventions of the time. Among other convention-flouting novelties that the game offers are a series of fake title screens that the player must pass through at the start, and the allowance of the main character to traverse the background at times to bypass pits of spikes that otherwise appear impossible to cross.

In addition, the character's attack requires the player to hold down the attack button as the game cycles through the possible special moves with the more powerful attacks only highlighted for a short period of time.

Reception
Kurt Kalata reviewed the game as part of Hardcore Gamer 101's "Your Weekly Kusoge" (No. 9), describing it as "an inane platformer with no real effort placed into the actual design." Kalata specifically highlighted the poor playability and gameplay dynamics, but he also noted that it is humorous and clever.

title: Utsurun Desu: Kawauso Hawaii e Iku!!!


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Strung Out in Heaven

Strung Out in Heaven is the seventh full-length album by American psychedelic rock band The Brian Jonestown Massacre. It was released in June 1998 and was the band's first and only recording with the large independent label, TVT Records.

Background
After releasing a number of well-received recordings on the smaller psychedelia-focused Bomp! Records label, The Brian Jonestown Massacre were signed to a multi-record deal with TVT.

Recording and content
Matt Hollywood contributed more to this record due to Anton Newcombe being incapable of writing as many songs as he was addicted to heroin at the time.

The album is named after a lyric from the David Bowie song "Ashes to Ashes".

"Wisdom" is a re-recording of the same song that originally appeared on the band's second album, Methodrone. "Dawn" is also a re-recording, with the original version appearing on Take It from the Man!. "Spun" is also a re-recording of the same song that appears on the band's album Thank God for Mental Illness.

Musical style
AllMusic's Jason Ankeny writes, "Settling into a blissfully psychedelic drift, the album opts not for the Stones-inspired raunch of before but for Byrds-like guitars, muffled drums and pulsating Hammond organ lines, all topped off by Anton Newcombe's half-stoned, half-shamanic vocals".

Release
The recording didn't sell as many records as TVT had hoped, and they later mutually dissolved their remaining contractual obligations.

"Love" was released as a CD single, with a demo of "Wasting Away" as a B-side on TVT Records in 1998. "Love" and "Nothing to Lose" was also released as a double A-side single independently in 1997. The release featured "Let's Pretend It's Summer", "I've Been Waiting", "The Devil May Care (Mom & Dad Don't)" and an alternate version of "I've Been Waiting" as B-sides.

Critical reception
AllMusic praised the album, calling it "their least immediate, most restrained record to date [...] Strung Out in Heaven proves as engaging as their past efforts, with a focus and cohesiveness often lacking from their more visceral work", also calling it "the BJM's most mature outing yet". Head Heritage described it as "BJM's most easily accessible and truly genius album thus far."

Legacy
The song Going to Hell is featured in American Pie as well as the "Faith, Hope & Trick" episode of Buffy the Vampire Slayer.

Personnel

 * Anton Newcombe – vocals, guitar, bass, drums
 * Matt Hollywood – bass, guitar, vocals
 * Jeffrey Davies – guitar, organ
 * Dean Taylor – guitar
 * Joel Gion – percussion
 * Miranda Lee Richards – vocals, flute
 * Adam Hamilton – drums
 * Norm Block – drums
 * Johnny Haro – drums

title: Strung Out in Heaven


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User talk:Sydb

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Alf 16:45, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Sydb


text:
ZS

ZS, Zs, zS, or zs may refer to:

Businesses and organizations

 * Azzurra Air (IATA airline designator ZS)
 * Zombie Squad, a disaster preparedness group
 * ZS Associates, a consulting firm
 * Zscaler, an American cloud security company that trades on the Nasdaq as ZS
 * Greens of Serbia (Zeleni Srbije), a political party in Serbia
 * Healthy Serbia (Zdrava Srbija), a political party in Serbia

Places

 * American Samoa (World Meteorological Organization country code ZS)
 * Szczecin, a city in Poland identified by the vehicle registration code ZS

Science and technology

 * Zeptosecond, a unit of time equal to 10−21 seconds
 * Zeptosiemens, an SI unit of electric conductance
 * Zettasiemens, an SI unit of electric conductance
 * Zettasecond, a unit of time equal to 1021 seconds
 * Zs, the category for "Separator, Space" characters in the Unicode standard

Other uses

 * Zs (band), a musical group from Brooklyn, New York, United States
 * Hungarian zs, the last (forty-fourth) letter of the Hungarian alphabet, following z
 * MG ZS, a small family car
 * MG ZS (crossover), a Chinese SUV

title: ZS


text:
USS Bobolink (AM-20)

USS Bobolink (AM-20/AT-131/ATO-131) was a Lapwing-class minesweeper acquired by the United States Navy for the dangerous task of removing mines from minefields laid in the water to prevent ships from passing.

Bobolink was launched on 15 June 1918 by Baltimore Dry Dock and Shipbuilding Company, in Baltimore, Maryland; sponsored by Miss Elsie Jean Willis; and commissioned 28 January 1919, with Lieutenant Frank Bruce in command.

World War I minefield clearance
Bobolink departed Norfolk, Virginia in April 1919 to join Division 2, North Sea Minesweeping Detachment, at Kirkwall, Orkney Islands. While sweeping in the North Sea on 14 May 1919, a mine exploded close by, causing considerable damage to the stern and killing Bruce, Frank M., LT. USS Bruce (DD-329) was named after Lt. Bruce. Her repairs at the Devonport Dockyard, England, took six months.

In January 1920 she returned to Norfolk. En route she came to the aid of USS SS Ophir off Bermuda. Bobolink towed Ophir until a storm broke the tow rope about 100 nmi off Cape Henry.

Postwar operations
Between 1920 and 1931, Bobolink served with the Fleet Base Force, Scouting Fleet, on the East Coast of the United States and took part in fleet problems, concentrations, and joint Army-Navy maneuvers. On 3 March 1932, she arrived on the West Coast of the United States and was thereafter based at San Diego. She operated along the western seaboard between San Francisco and San Quentin Bay, Mexico, with the Fleet Train and various destroyer divisions. In 1935, she took part in the annual exercises and fleet problems held off Hawaii. Between January and March 1939, she participated in fleet problems in the Caribbean and then returned to San Diego, arriving there on 13 May 1939.

World War II operations
In September 1940, Bobolink joined the Train, Base Force, United States Fleet, at Pearl Harbor. She remained there until September 1942. Bobolink was present during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941, laying in dock next to six destroyers near the district HQ. Following the attack, she served as a salvage vessel and minesweeper. Between 20 May and 2 July 1942, she was converted to an ocean-going tug (redesignated AT-131 on 1 June 1942). Remaining at Pearl Harbor until September 1942, Bobolink then steamed to the South Pacific and operated out off Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands; Espiritu Santo, New Hebrides; and Noumea, New Caledonia, as a tug until February 1944. In particular, she helped rescue survivors and assisted several crippled U.S. warships in the aftermath of the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal. She arrived at Long Beach, California, 4 March 1944 for overhaul and returned to Pearl Harbor on 29 June 1944. Bobolink was reclassified ATO-131 on 15 May 1944.

Decommissioning
She served in Hawaiian waters until the fall of 1945, and then returned to Mare Island Navy Yard, where she was decommissioned 22 February 1946. She was sold through the Maritime Commission 5 October 1946.

Bobolink received one battle star for operations during World War II.

title: USS Bobolink (AM-20)


text:
User talk:Paddy O'Leibowitz McGoldstein

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Alf 16:46, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

I notice you also like Burroughs, and you are more than welcome for the links. Alf 19:52, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:Upside-down-flag-US.png
Thanks for uploading Image:Upside-down-flag-US.png. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the media also doesn't have a copyright tag then you must also add one. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then you can use GFDL-self to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media qualifies as fair use, please read fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other media, please check that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Dethomas 23:51, 11 March 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Paddy O'Leibowitz McGoldstein


text:
Talk:Charging Bull

Auction
This bull was up for auction a few months ago under special conditions. Does anyone know if the auction was completed, and, if so, what the final price was? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.90.162.90 (talk • contribs) 21 August 2005

More Pictrues
The article states that the bull "is one of the most photographed pieces of art in the city" yet, until recently, there were no pictures, and now they are being taken down. Please upload any good pictures if you have them. -Coolhandscot 18:55, 25 September 2006 (UTC)

Still no pics of the famed testicles discussed in the article. Orthotox (talk) 19:52, 13 October 2013 (UTC)

 * As the bull is not in the public domain, only a limited number of images can be used in the article. United States does not allow for Freedom of Panorama for publicly-displayed sculpture that is copyrighted.  If you're an American citizen, write your Senator or Congressman and ask that the law be changed. Beyond My Ken (talk) 20:25, 13 October 2013 (UTC)

Flags
Does anyone know why one of the two flagpoles behind the sculpture flies a foreign flag which seems to change from day to day (or week to week)? 208.120.84.99 19:12, 3 November 2007 (UTC)

Relation with the Golden Calf
I have just had to redo the addition of the reference to the golden calf. The bible mentions "Mammon" (the personification of Greed/avarice) and other such creatures. Bulls constructed from various metals to represent other pagan gods are littered throughout the old testament. The connection between this bull and the golden calf is pretty obvious (to me at least) when you consider it. I'm not equating the two per se, but it seems helpful to mention to the reader the obvious connection. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.92.15.232 (talk) 08:56, 11 February 2008 (UTC)

 * That is a religious reference. This article is not about religion.  I removed the link. --ChrisRuvolo (t) 13:52, 11 February 2008 (UTC)
 * Does the fact that there are plenty of parallels not count for anything? It's not going in the main body of the article, it's going into a section that is sort of by-definition dedicated to things other than the focus of the article. By this logic there should never be a "See Also" section in any article, since they will always deviate somewhat from the topic at hand. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.92.15.232 (talk) 19:11, 12 February 2008 (UTC)
 * Find a connection between this bull and the Golden Calf in a reliable source (where the source makes the connection, not you), and you should then add it to the article. If you are the one making the connection, that's original research forbidden under WP:OR. Noroton (talk) 17:50, 4 May 2008 (UTC)
 * Keep your eyes open: that connection may be closer than you think. 205.167.180.132 (talk) 16:06, 30 October 2008 (UTC)
 * From what I have read in ancient time Ba'al was re-represented as the God of of prosperity, representing wealth, gain, and profit. Both Baʿal and El are associated with the bull in Ugaritic texts. The symbol for Ba'al is the moon crescent which can also be depicted as the horns of a bull. Some traders will invest during a full moon which could show a link between Ba'al a moon deity. 82.1.172.39 (talk) 14:27, 10 March 2024 (UTC)

The connection is made with this blog post though it doesn't specify WHEN it occurred and WHO was doing the praying. (It may be the incident described below.) - Nhprman 17:26, 29 May 2009 (UTC)
 * There should at least be a "controversy" part in this article mentioning the similarity with the biblical Golden Calf.  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 89.164.169.72 (talk) 20:23, 29 September 2011 (UTC)
 * Well, at least that blog post makes it clear that some people do associate the Charging Bull with Golden calf. I find it very plausible that Di Modica actually intended such an ironic connection and in any case, it is quite obvious that a golden bull near the world famous stock exchange reminds people of that biblical story.62.78.227.13 (talk) 08:09, 4 February 2010 (UTC)

Article on Charging Bull, artist, and circumstances surrounding its move
somebody use this article, it contains a brief interview with arturo with him standing in front of the statue, and the circumstances surrounding the moving of the statue (more accurate account of why it was moved). http://www.sichat.com/forum_topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=711&FORUM_ID=15&CAT_ID=8&Forum_Title=Island+News&Topic_Title=Arturo+Di+Modica%27s+Italian+Bull

Lucky dog (talk) 15:27, 24 May 2008 (UTC)

How can someone own it?
If they aren't allowed to move or make copies of it? Vyroglyph (talk) 10:23, 5 December 2008 (UTC)

Prayer rally
I am obviously not alone in thinking the prayer rally is of a noteworthy nature, but some people like to delete more than they like to add. We shall leave it here in the talk page. Because, yes, it is relevant. Skotte (talk) 06:29, 27 December 2008 (UTC)

In early 2008, noted evangelist Cindy Jacobs claims to have had a vision from God, who instructed her to lead a prayer rally in New York City, at the Charging Bull statue.

A crowd assembled on 2008-10-29, the 79th anniversary of Black Tuesday. The date was to be called The Day of Prayer for the World's Economies. Several participants at the rally were seen to be waving American flags, and many erupted in a rousing chorus of God Bless America. A number of pictures and a video were taken to record the event.

The event, which undoubtedly seemed like a good idea at the time, was noted by pundits for it's irony of Christians praying to a golden bull.

Article needs some perspective: Market Trend Symbology NOT mentioned
This article needs some context regarding the symbology of the Finantial Market's Trends, namely, the bull represents upwards trends (the optimism and positive movements in the financial markets), while the BEAR represents downwards trends (negativity and pesimism, its influence in the markets). In my opinion, this is very important and should be included here, this explains also why other important financial centers (like Frankfurt in Germany) have also sculptures of the bear and the bull in their stock market places. A charging bull in Wall Street, therefore, without the presence of the bear (I've never been in USA so please correct me if I'm wrong), would symbolize the positive vision of the markets, always expecting the upward trend. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.31.24.97 (talk) 20:12, 20 July 2010 (UTC)

possible link to the Golden Calf?
Whenever I see the image of the Charging Bull, it always rises in me the association with the biblical story of the Golden Calf. Does anyone know of any such connection between the two? --Jjulio Milagros Ccesar (talk) 03:07, 25 September 2010 (UTC)

'Arthur'
The upcoming movie 'Arthur' features a scene, at least in the previews, of the bull being uprooted in a car crash. Lots42 (talk) 09:48, 19 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Footage used in previews does not always make it into the film, and there's no way to know if the appearance is significant and notable without seeing the film. Beyond My Ken (talk) 18:39, 19 March 2011 (UTC)

Content dispute
Beyond My Ken, I think you should know - having edited Wikipedia for years - that the fact that a particular edit was not discussed on the talk page does not by itself automatically place you in a good position to revert it. At present, there appear to be two editors - myself and Harizotoh9 - who think the "in popular culture" section should be removed and only one - you - who thinks it should stay. Is it proper for you to be reverting multiple editors who have removed the section when no one thus far agrees with you that it should stay? The answer is no, Beyond My Ken - a very definite no. You cannot use "it was not discussed on the talk page" as an excuse for your poor behavior. FreeKnowledgeCreator (talk) 23:12, 22 November 2015 (UTC)
 * And you should know that there is no community-wide consensus for removing "in popular culture" sections wholesale, and that when such an edit is made, it must be discussed, just like every other edit, and that reverting to restore a revert of an IPC section is not immune from 3RR. You must also know that the convention is that while discussions are ongoing, the article remains in the previous state until a consensus is reached. Please follow these practices:So, now that we are here, please discuss, with specificity about each item why they should be removed. I will response accordingly, and if I think you are correct, I will join in your consensus to remove that item.  What I am not willing to do is to agree that the entire section should be removed without any discussion. So... please discuss. BMK (talk) 23:25, 22 November 2015 (UTC)
 * We are talking about a particular article. The lack of a consensus for removing all "in popular culture" sections does not mean that every such section must be retained no matter what. It means that the issue is discussed on an article-by-article basis. Your comments show that you just aren't willing to face the fact that a lack of discussion on the talk page does not give you the right to revert multiple other editors in a situation where no one agrees with you. That's really too bad. It shows that you are not willing at this stage to work within Wikipedia's normal editing procedures. You are in the wrong here, Beyond My Ken - and it's overwhelmingly obvious. "They didn't discuss it on the talk page" is lame excuse for edit warring, and will be viewed as such. FreeKnowledgeCreator (talk) 23:32, 22 November 2015 (UTC)
 * Each item should be removed because each item is trivial, obviously. There's no evidence any has really affected the image or reputation of the monument. That's sufficient reason to remove them all. FreeKnowledgeCreator (talk) 23:32, 22 November 2015 (UTC)
 * Sorry, that's not sufficient at all, you're simply waving your hands and assuming what you want to prove. Please discuss each item. BMK (talk) 23:34, 22 November 2015 (UTC)
 * To echo your own comment back to you, "Sorry, that's not sufficient at all, you're simply waving your hands and assuming what you want to prove." You need evidence that each of these appearances of the monument in a movie actually matters. Your evidence consists of nothing. FreeKnowledgeCreator (talk) 23:36, 22 November 2015 (UTC)
 * So in other words, when it was written in an edit summary that they were "mere mentions", you really have no idea, it's simply the thing you have to say in order to delete the section, right? Let's take a look: the dance in arabesque on top of the statue - that's not significant?  Yes, it is, because it's making a political and social point.  The film entries do not say that it is "mentioned", they say that it is "featured".  Do you know differently?  Some of these could well be ripe for removal, but we won't know until they're discussed.  Why are you reticent to do so, and simply make broad statements without any actual knowledge behind them? BMK (talk) 23:39, 22 November 2015 (UTC)
 * When I asked for evidence that any of these appearances in a movie matter, I meant evidence in the form of properly sourced commentary on those appearances, showing that reliable sources think they matter. That you personally think they are incredibly important doesn't matter to me, as I have no interest in discussing your personal evaluation of movies. You are arguing on an "I like it" basis that is not based in Wikipedia policy or guidelines. FreeKnowledgeCreator (talk) 23:44, 22 November 2015 (UTC)
 * I'm sorry that you cannot differentiate between a personal opinion and a statement presenting normative social facts, but such a problem really has no relevance to the issue at question -- and you still haven't present a scintilla of evidence to support your contention that these are all "mere mentions". Since you have no knowledge of the media items involved, there's no way you can know that, and your edit summary comment is simply wikilawyering to get the result you want.  Please don't do that, we don't operate by using "magic words". BMK (talk) 23:53, 22 November 2015 (UTC)
 * Beyond My Ken, you are the user who thinks that these appearances of the monument in a movie matter, so it is up to you to present real evidence in the form of reliable sources that they do, indeed, matter. Your pretentious reference to "normative social facts" counts for nothing. Again, it's your personal opinion about a movie, and it is not worth discussing. As for editing behavior, let me note that there is no rule that each edit must be discussed and can be reverted if it is not, as you seem to think. Harizotoh9, do you have any comment? FreeKnowledgeCreator (talk) 00:08, 23 November 2015 (UTC)
 * There are a limited number of times I will repeat myself, so I think this will be the last time I will pont this out:In this edit you removed the "In popular culture" section from the article in its entirety -- an action for which there is no community consensus per se -- with the edit summary "A brief appearance in some movie is not important for any reason." So, it is you who is making a claim about these items, that they are "brief appearances".  I ask you again to provide evidence to support your deletion on that basis.  Without evidence that these are ""brief appearances", your deletion of the long-standing section from the article (which, by the way, you had never edited before, but presumably found your way to by examining my contributions list after our disagreement on Talk:Lights of New York (1928 film), in potential violation of WP:Harassment -- having already followed me to revert me on The Bob Newhart Show, another article you had never edited before) has no basis, and is therefore not legitimate.Were I you, I would carefully examine my position at this moment, in order to decide what is the best thing to do.  I suggest that if you actually feel strongly about this issue, and aren't simply reverting for the sake of trying to "get" to me, that you provide the evidence necessary to back up your positive contention that these are simply "brief appearances."  Absence of your willingness to provide that evidence could well be construed as evidence that your motivation is not quite as pure as you wish to portray it.  I'd think it over. BMK (talk) 00:34, 23 November 2015 (UTC)
 * At the risk of fanning the flames, I'm with BMK here. You can't remove that whole section without adequate justification. —ajf (talk) 00:56, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

 * I think what would be most fruitful at this point, from any participant (including my lecturing self) would be to examine more closely how the bull's use in "popular culture" has been reported. I don't think having "really affected the image or reputation of the monument" is a necessary criterion, but familiarizing oneself with the listed items and then perhaps seeking secondary sources might help keep the section, but maybe in a more relevant form. BMK has made a start with the iconic ballet dancer photograph.
 * Just so my comment isn't totally useless: I found a description of a scene from Oliver Stone's World Trade Center with the camera lingering on the "famed" sculpture, pronouncedly symbolizing "a robust American economy" and accompanied by radio broadcasts on rising stock prices in "Ideology, Authenticy, and Reception in World Trade Center" by Ryan Dorr, published in Ideological Battlegrounds – Constructions of Us and Them Before and After 9/11 Volume 1: Perspectives in Literatures and Cultures, Joanna Witkowska, Uwe Zagratzki, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2014, ISBN:9781443869171. Whether this means it needs to be included or not, I don't know, but I think the discussion should take off from there and other concrete examples, not in circular discussions about burden of proof. ---Sluzzelin talk  01:50, 23 November 2015 (UTC)
 * Sluzzelin: Thank you, stuff like that is very helpful,and is very much what I was hoping FKC would provide. BMK (talk) 02:03, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

To Beyond My Ken and ajf, I will simply point out that it is users who want to include the material who need to explain why it should be included. Absent any special reason to include something in an article, it should not be there. Beyond My Ken's reasons for including that content appear to be, basically, that he really likes it and personally thinks it's really important. I find that inadequate. As far as harassment is concerned, I have challenged Beyond My Ken to take the issue to ANI if he honestly believes I am guilty of harassing him. That he has not done so suggests to me that Beyond My Ken knows that he does not have a good case (I notice that Beyond My Ken is already under discussion at ANI over an unrelated issue, so presumably this is not the best time for him to be making accusations against another user anyway). FreeKnowledgeCreator (talk) 04:19, 23 November 2015 (UTC)
 * FKC, don't get your hopes up, I've been brought to AN/I on a number of occasions and it's never amounted to anything, because I follow the rules and know what I'm doing.  Other editors  The original deleter has removed the section again, without explanation, so you might want to restore the section, since I'm at 3RR, so that discussion can continue. BMK (talk) 05:38, 23 November 2015 (UTC)
 * I do not have any particular interest in the outcome of the current discussion of you at ANI. This matter is barely relevant at this page in any case and further discussion of it would be out of place. Regarding content issues here, please consider that even if the monument plays a significant role in a particular film, that does not automatically make the film important to an article about the monument. The White House figures prominently in Olympus Has Fallen, but the film is not especially relevant to the White House. Furthermore, you should not be encouraging other users to continue an edit war. FreeKnowledgeCreator (talk) 08:40, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Occupy Wall Street and the Bull Idea to juxtapose the capitalist symbol of the Bull with the Occupy Wall Street Movement. Focus on the original meaning of the Bull with the meaning and outcome of the movement. Johannaaguilera (talk) 20:10, 20 October 2016 (UTC)

References

Dunlap, David W. 2008 "Downtown's Bull, No Longer Emblematic but Still Popular.(Metropolitan Desk)(Antoni Di Modica's 'Charging Bull' Sculpture in Bowling Green, Lower Manhattan)."The New York Times, September 17.

Inter-university Consortium for Political Social Research. 1999 Crash of '87 Was It Expected? The Evidence from Options Markets. ICPSR (Series) ; 1187. Ann Arbor, Mich.: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] (October 20, 2016)

Jackson, Kenneth T., and Keller, Lisa, eds 2010. The Encyclopedia of New York City (2). New Haven, US: Yale University Press. Accessed October 20, 2016. ProQuest ebrary.

Klein, Jennifer. 2013. "Class Power, Democracy, and the Market: Reflections on David Montgomery." Labor: Studies In Working Class History Of The Americas 10, no. 1: 73-80. America: History & Life, EBSCOhost (October 20, 2016).

Shaer, Matthew. 2003 "Bull's Best Friend" New York 45, no. 2 (January 16, 2012): 13-14. Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost (October 20, 2016).

Tufekci, Zeynep, Freelon, Deen, and Gleason, Benjamin. 2013. "#Occupy Wall Street." American Behavioral Scientist 57, no. 7 966-82.

Van Gelder, Sarah. 2011 This Changes Everything : Occupy Wall Street and the 99% Movement. Maxine Greene Collection. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers.

Wall street's charging bull. (2012, Spring). Italian America, 17, 11. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1018538242?accountid=27495 Johannaaguilera (talk) 20:10, 20 October 2016 (UTC)

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More references about origins of sculpture, and 'fearless girl'
This article has some information and some references that might be helpful: https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/27/nyregion/fearless-girl-statue-de-blasio.html

It is primarily about the fearless girl statue that was recently added, but includes information about the original bull, and the artist's (of the bull) reaction to the fearless girl statue.Benthatsme (talk) 14:14, 28 March 2017 (UTC)

Vandalism (IRL, not Wikipedia)
I've added more incidents to the "Incidents of Vandalism" subsection, and it's got me wondering if it that content would be better included under "Criticism" rather than "History".

My rationale is that much of the vandalism has been intended as political/economic commentary, generally in opposition to what the Bull is intended to represent. There are also shared references and content overlap discussing Occupy Wall Street.Cosmocatalano (talk) 14:56, 14 June 2020 (UTC)
 * I guess so? This might fit under either section, as some of the vandalism is a critical response to the bull itself, but it's also history. Great work on this section, by the way. I added a little more. epicgenius (talk) 17:23, 14 June 2020 (UTC)

PLease add the recent Harambe banana vandalism to the page. I'm too lazy to do it. I'm sorry. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2603:6010:7C00:EAAF:D5DD:4786:4149:1C0C (talk) 22:53, 20 October 2021 (UTC)

"Copy editing"
Please note that MOS is not a policy, it is a guideline, and it is not mandatory. Every single page of MOS says at the very top: "This guideline is a part of the English Wikipedia's Manual of Style. It is a generally accepted standard that editors should attempt to follow, though it is best treated with common sense, and occasional exceptions may apply.  Being a copy editor is more than just mechanically applying a onunch of hard-and-fast rules to a text, without any consideration for the quality of the writing. A good copy editor can help a text immensely, but a bad one can ruin it entirely.  It requires intelligence and a light touch, not a cudgel.Now, if you have an argument you want to make, aside from "It's not bad writing", please make it here, but do not continue to edit war. Beyond My Ken (talk) 12:53, 17 July 2020 (UTC)
 * Fixing ping. See previous comment. Beyond My Ken (talk) 12:55, 17 July 2020 (UTC)
 * , you requested a copy edit at WikiProject Guild of Copy Editors/Requests. Two experienced copy editors have attempted to make changes to the article, and those copy-edits have been reverted by, who has also reverted corrections of indisputable errors. Unless the two of you can work something out, I'm afraid that we will have to decline your copy-edit request. – Jonesey95 (talk) 18:42, 21 July 2020 (UTC)
 * I thought it was already declined. In any case, if Beyond My Ken disagrees with the GOCE's copy edits, I don't think we should proceed. There is evidently disagreement over style and wording, and I think it would be better discussed on this talk page. epicgenius (talk) 19:26, 21 July 2020 (UTC)
 * You might be wikilawyering if you point out that WP:ACRONYM1 is a policy (/guideline/essay), while WP:ACRONYM2 is only a guideline (/essay/policy). OK then, you want it that way. You cited It is a generally accepted standard that editors should attempt to follow.... That is exactly what it says on WP:GUIDES, a policy in Policies and guidelines, but it appears you are contradicting yourself.
 * requested a copyedit for a GAN. Look at Good article criteria #1: The MOS is also critical for FA.
 * So all you are doing here is preventing a GAN. Please, it's 1AM, I'm exhuasted, let the copyedits stand so we can see a GAN, and then hopefully, the article becomes a GA. Can I Log In (talk) 23:17, 21 July 2020 (UTC)
 * Go ahead, I won't get in your way. Beyond My Ken (talk) 01:26, 22 July 2020 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
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Coney Island hot dog

A Coney Island hot dog, Coney dog, or Coney is a hot dog in a bun topped with a savory meat sauce and sometimes other toppings. It is often offered as part of a menu of classic American diner dishes and often at Coney Island restaurants. It is largely a phenomenon related to immigration from Greece and the region of Macedonia to the United States in the early 20th century.

Origin
"Virtually all" Coney Island variations were developed, apparently independently, by immigrants in the early 1900s, many fleeing the Balkan Wars, who entered the US through Ellis Island in New York City. Family stories of the development of the dishes often included anecdotes about visits to Coney Island. The origin of the style is somewhat murky: there were parallel developments in New York, Michigan, Ohio, and elsewhere around the United States.

The first documented European name for the island is the Dutch name Conyne Eylandt or Conynge Eylandt. This would roughly be equivalent to Konijn Eiland using modern Dutch spelling, meaning Rabbit Island. The name was anglicized to Coney Island after the English took over the colony in 1664, coney being the corresponding English word. The hot dog's fame later spread from this part of Brooklyn, New York, where Nathan Handwerker, a Polish Jewish immigrant was an early entrepreneur who sold them at his stand in Coney Island. His business was later named "Nathan's," an iconic brand that remains popular as both a fast-food chain and as a grocery product. The alternate name for a hot dog—a "Coney," most likely derived from the positive regional and national publicity Nathan's began to generate.

Indiana
Ft. Wayne's Famous Coney Island Wiener Stand was opened in 1914 by Harry Dorikis, James Samaras and Stilos Papas who were three immigrants from Greece. Vasil Eshcoff, another immigrant, purchased an interest from one of the original owners in 1916. Eschoff's descendants have operated the restaurant until 2014, when the now-owner, James "Jimmy" Todoran II bought 50% of the business. The Coney Island in Fort Wayne is described as a small, fatty pink hot dog with a "peppery sweet" coney sauce on a soft bun. However, the ground beef-based coney sauce at Ft. Wayne's Famous Coney Island Wiener Stand has the flavor and consistency of a mild peppered savory pork sausage. The small hot dog is grilled on a flattop, placed in a steamed bun, yellow mustard applied, then a few teaspoonfuls of the savory chili sauce are added which is then topped with chopped white onion.

Michigan
Jane and Michael Stern, writing in 500 Things to Eat Before it's Too Late, note that "there's only one place to start [to pinpoint the top Coney Islands], and that is Detroit. Nowhere is the passion for them more intense." James Schmidt, in a debate at the 2018 National Fair Food Summit, noted that "Detroit is synonymous with the Coney Dog: you simply cannot have one without the other."

The most influential chili dog stands in Michigan are the American Coney Island and Lafayette Coney Island restaurants located next door to each other in downtown Detroit. The American Coney Island restaurant was founded in 1914 or 1917 by Greek immigrant Constantine "Gust" Keros. Gust brought his brother over from Greece and helped him open the Lafayette Coney Island restaurant next door. There is a fierce rivalry between the two restaurants.

The Coney Island developed in Michigan is a natural-casing beef or beef and pork European-style Wiener Würstchen (Vienna sausage) of German origin, topped with a beef heart-based sauce, one or two stripes of yellow mustard and diced or chopped onions. The variety is a fixture in Flint, Detroit, Jackson, Kalamazoo, and southeastern Michigan. The style originated in the early 20th century, with competing claims from American and Lafayette Coney Islands (1917) in Detroit, and Todoroff's Original Coney Island (1914) in Jackson. The longest continuously operated Coney Island (in the same location) is in Kalamazoo (1915).

Detroit style

In Detroit, historically many Greek and Macedonian immigrants operated Coney islands, or restaurants serving Detroit Coney dogs. By 1975 many Albanians began operating them as well. The Greeks established Onassis Coney Island, which has closed. Greek immigrants established the Coney chains Kerby's Koney Island, Leo's Coney Island, and National Coney Island during the 1960s and early 1970s. All three chains sell some Greek food items with Coney dogs. Detroit style sauce is a bean-less chili sauce, differing from the chili dogs they offer only in the lack of beans. National has most of its restaurants on the east side of the city, and Kerby's and Leo's have the bulk of their restaurants on the west side of the Detroit area.

Flint style
Flint style is characterized by a dry hot dog topping made with a base of ground beef heart, which is ground to a consistency of fine-ground beef. Some assert that in order to be an "authentic" Flint coney, the hot dog must be a Koegel coney and the sauce by Angelo's, which opened in 1949. However, the sauce was originally developed by a Macedonian in 1924, Simion P. (Sam) Brayan, for his Flint's Original Coney Island restaurant. Brayan was the one who contracted with Koegel Meat Company to make the coney they still make today, also contracting with Abbott's Meat to provide the fine-grind beef heart sauce base. Abbott's still makes Brayan's 1924 sauce base available to restaurants and the public through the Koegel Meat Company and Abbott's Meats. Restaurants then add chopped onions sautéed in beef tallow, along with their own spice mix and other ingredients, to Abbott's sauce base to make their sauce.

Popular folklore perpetuates a legend that a Flint coney sauce recipe containing ground beef and ground hot dogs is the "original" Flint Coney sauce recipe. Variations on this story include either that a relative of the storyteller knew or worked with the former owner of Flint's Original and received the recipe from them, or that the wife of the owner of Flint's Original allowed the publication of the recipe in the Flint Journal after his death. Ron Krueger, longtime food writer of the Flint Journal, included it in a collection of recipes from the newspaper but without a cited source, unlike the rest of the recipes in the collection. When asked about this Mr. Krueger replied, "That recipe appeared in The Journal several times over the years. [I don't] think I ever saw it in the context of a story or ever saw any attribution. It always included the word 'original' in the title, but anybody who knows anything knows otherwise." As to the second story, of Brayan's wife later allowing the publication of the recipe, Velicia Brayan died in 1976, while Simion Brayan lived until the age of 100 and died in 1990. The actual source of this recipe appears to be an earlier Flint Journal Food Editor, Joy Gallagher, who included the recipe in her column of May 23, 1978. In that column she stated she had included the recipe in an even earlier column. Her apparent source was "a woman who said she was the wife of a chef at the original Coney Island, and that she copied the recipe from his personal recipe book." Gallagher stated "I believe her". However, Gallagher also wrote, "I'm not making any claims". In the same column she also included a second recipe that used beef heart, which she wrote "came to me recently from a reader who swears it is the sauce served at Angelo's." The folklore has mixed the supposed sources of the two recipes in this column from Gallagher, with people claiming the ground hot dog recipe is reportedly from Angelo's. In his column published in the Flint Journal on April 18, 1995, Food Editor Ron Krueger reported taking Gallagher's ground hot dog recipe directly to Angelo's co-owner Tom V. Branoff, who refuted the recipe line-by-line. Gallagher's pre-1978 column is still being researched.

Jackson style
Jackson style uses a topping of either ground beef or ground beef heart, onions and spices. This meat sauce is applied on a hot dog in a steamed bun and then topped with diced or chopped onions and a stripe of mustard. The Jackson style was late to the usage of beef heart in the sauce, using ground beef prior to converting to ground beef heart in the early 1940s.

Kalamazoo style
Coney Island Kalamazoo was founded in 1915, and is the longest continuously operated Coney Island in the state. Their coney island is made up of a topping made from their own recipe served on a Koegel's Skinless Frankfurter. Koegel's was not founded until 1916, and it's unknown which hot dog Coney Island Kalamazoo used prior to the Skinless Frankfurter's development.

Suppliers
The following meatpackers provide Coney dogs and European-style Vienna sausage (Frankfurter Würstel) to restaurants and consumers in Michigan:
 * Dearborn Sausage Co., primary supplier in Detroit
 * Koegel Meat Company, Flint area primary supplier

Many Coney Island restaurants make their own sauces from scratch. However, the different styles of sauces are also available from the following meatpackers:
 * Abbott's Meat: Flint style made with ground beef heart
 * National Chili Co., primary metro Detroit supplier
 * Detroit Chili Company (owned by American Coney Island): Detroit style

Minnesota
Greek immigrant Gus Saites opened his Original Coney Island in Duluth in 1921. The hot dog used is the Vienna Beef from Chicago, which is topped with the restaurant's own coney sauce, with options of mustard, onion, and, for a small fee, cheese. The Superior Street location also offers sport peppers as a topping. The decor includes a copy of their 1959 menu showing that coney islands were 25 cents each.

The Original Coney Island Restaurant and Bar, operated by the Arvanitis Family since 1923 in a former Civil War armory, is the oldest remaining business in St. Paul, though now open only on special occasions.

Ohio

In Cincinnati, a "coney" is a hot dog topped with Cincinnati chili, usually with mustard and chopped onions. A "cheese coney" adds a final topping of shredded cheddar cheese. The dish was developed by immigrants Tom and John Kiradjieff, founders of Empress Chili, in 1922. The coney topping is also used as a topping for spaghetti, a dish called a "two-way" or chili spaghetti. there were over 250 "chili parlors" in Cincinnati serving coneys. The two largest chains today are Skyline Chili and Gold Star Chili.

Tony Packo's serves a similar dish of a beef and pork sausage topped with chili sauce and originally served on rye. The creation became known as the "Hungarian hot dog"; no such dish is known in Hungarian cuisine.

Oklahoma
Coneys are on restaurant menus throughout Tulsa and were originally created there by Greek immigrants. Jane and Michael Stern write that "Oklahoma is especially rich in classic coneys" and call out the Coney I-Lander, writing they "perfectly deliver the cheap-eats ecstasy that is the Coney's soul." Oklahoma coneys are small hot dogs on steamed buns with a spicy-sweet dark brown chili sauce, onions, and optional cheese and hot sauce.

Texas
James Coney Island operates a number of locations in the area of Houston, Texas. The company was founded in 1923 by two Greek immigrant brothers, James and Tom Papadakis, the former being the company's namesake.

Thunder Bay
In Thunder Bay, Ontario, there is rich history of Coney Island Hot Dogs. Long time establishments include Westfort Coney Island and McKellar Confectionery.

Lists

 * Cuisine of the Midwestern United States
 * List of hot dogs
 * List of regional dishes of the United States

title: Coney Island hot dog


text:
Turquoise ribbon

The turquoise ribbon is a symbol for promoting
 * Native American reparations
 * Addiction Recovery
 * Bone Tumor Awareness (musculoskeletal tumors & lesions, benign/malignant)
 * Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH)
 * Dysautonomia
 * Interstitial Cystitis
 * Lymphedema
 * Renal Cell Carcinoma
 * Tourette syndrome

title: Turquoise ribbon


text:
USS Bobolink

Two ships of the United States Navy have been named Bobolink, after the American bird, the bobolink.

 * USS Bobolink (AM-20), was commissioned in 1919 and decommissioned in 1946.
 * USS Bobolink (AMS-2), was originally YMS-164 and renamed Bobolink in 1947. She was struck in 1960.

title: USS Bobolink


text:
Niagara Falls Air Reserve Station

Niagara Falls Air Reserve Station (Niagara Falls Air Force Base c. 1955-1971) is an Air Force Reserve Command military installation operationally gained by Air Mobility Command. It is located adjacent to Niagara Falls International Airport, New York, 4.7 mi east-northeast of Niagara Falls, New York. The station is the last "federal" USAF installation in the state, the other remaining USAF installations falling under the Air National Guard).

The host unit for the base is the 914th Air Refueling Wing of the Air Force Reserve Command which operates the KC-135 Stratotanker. The 107th Attack Wing of the New York Air National Guard is also stationed at the base.

A Military Entrance Processing Station (MEPS) for all five branches of the U.S. is also located at the station. Both the 914 ARW and 107 ATW number in excess of 3,000 military personnel.

History
The Army's Air Service had begun operations in western New York by 1917 when a school for photofinishers opened in Rochester. Niagara Falls Airport opened at Niagara Falls, New York, in 1928 as a city-owned municipal airport with four crushed-stone runways. Bell Aircraft Corporation completed a manufacturing plant in Wheatfield adjacent to the airport for World War II military pursuit planes in 1941 and the 3522d Army Air Force Base Unit managed the airport and coordinated use of the airfield.

Bell Modification Center
The Bell Modification Center at the Niagara Falls Airport was 1 of 21 built by Materiel Command in 1942 "to fit the mass production aircraft models to the needs of the specific theaters of operations". Bell was contracted to operate the center, and the airfield leased by the USAAF was improved with macadam runways (three at 4000x150 feet and the E/W runway at 4200x300), taxiways, etc. Military units at Niagara Falls included a Modification Center Headquarters and a training school, "Niagara Falls East Tr Sch" (a different modification center, "Buffalo Mun-Mod Ctr B", was located at the 1925 Buffalo Municipal Airport).

Naval air station
The Naval Air Station Niagara Falls was established in 1946 and the installation was expanded. Jurisdiction of the airport returned to a civilian agency later in 1946 (a USAF joint-use agreement was made for Air Force Reserve and NYANG use of the airport).

Continental Air Command's First Air Force assigned the Air Force Reserve's 90th Reconnaissance Wing to the military installation on 26 December 1946, followed by the 26th Reconnaissance Group (23 October 1947) and the 4th Reconnaissance Squadron. The reconnaissance units were inactivated on 27 June 1949, and the New York Air National Guard's 107th Fighter Group was federalized on 8 December 1948 (initially equipped with TAC P-47 Thunderbolts). 107th personnel deployed in March 1951 to the Far East Air Forces for the Korean War. Air Defense Command (ADC) assumed jurisdiction of the Niagara Falls military installation and the federalized 136th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron.

USAF base
Niagara Falls Air Force Base (NFAFB) was established by 1955 after the 76th Air Base Squadron was activated in February 1952 as the host unit. Following Korea operations, the 107th converted to P-51b Mustangs and was reassigned to Air Defense Command. The 136th FIS was returned to state control when ADC activated the 47th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron on 1 December 1952 as a replacement. The 47th FIS initially used the F-47s of the 135th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron. NFAFB activated the 518th Air Defense Group on 16 February 1953 (designated 15th Fighter Group on 18 August 1955 under Project Arrow) and upgraded to F-86F Sabres in February 1953 (F-86D in September).

In January 1954, the 107th received its first jet aircraft (F-94 Starfire, followed by F-86 Sabres in October 1957 & F-100C Super Sabre in August 1960). The Air Force Reserve's 445th Fighter-Bomber Group with F-84 Thunderjets moved to Niagara Falls from Buffalo Airport on 15 June 1955 and moved to Memphis on 16 November 1957. Two 15th FG aircraft--T-33 & F-86 at Niagara Falls Air Force Base—collided in 1956, the AFB's medical unit treated injuries from a 1958 railcar explosion. In 1959 a NFAFB helicopter crashed in Letchworth State Park searching for an 83-year-old professor emeritus, 	and in 1961 an F-100 from the base crashed into the Niagara Gorge.

 * SAGE interceptors: The 47th FIS aircraft were modified to the F-86L automated data link configuration after the April 1958 Syracuse Air Defense Sector was designated, and a Ground Air Transmit Receive station was built to relay ground-controlled interception commands from the sector's Hancock Field Air Defense Direction Center (DC-03) at Syracuse, New York (operational on December 1, 1958.) The F-86L interceptors were replaced by F-102 Delta Daggers in 1959 (June). NFAFB's 4621st Air Base Group was the host unit and supported the adjacent 1961-9 Niagara Falls Air Force Missile Site with CIM-10 Bomarc surface-to-air missiles. On 1 July 1960 at NFAFB, the 15th Fighter Group was inactivated and the 47th FIS was reassigned. The 107th deployed to the Berlin Crisis of 1961 for 11 months. On February 11, 1963, the 512th Troop Carrier Group equipped with C-119 Flying Boxcars was redesignated the 914th Troop Carrier Group and concurrently assigned to the Air Force Reserve at Niagara Falls. In 1968, the 107th Tactical Fighter Group was stationed at Niagara Falls Air Force Base (3rd activation in 17 years.)

 * Vietnam War: In July 1968, approximately 400 members of the 107th were deployed to Tuy Hoa Air Base, Republic of Viet Nam, for almost a year attached to the 31st Tactical Fighter Wing. In 1969, the Niagara Support Center was planned to be closed, and the 4621st ABG was inactivated on 31 March 1970 (the last active-duty ADC organization at the base).

Air reserve station
In 1971 the 914th assumed command of the installation from active duty units and switched from C-119 to C-130A Hercules aircraft. At the same time, the 107th converted to McDonnell F-101 Voodoo interceptors. The 1985 Niagara Falls A-4 collision of Blue Angels at the Western New York Air Show '85 was "in front of a reviewing stand" (1 pilot killed.)   The 914th received C-130E aircraft in 1986, and was the first to convert to the Air Force's more advanced C-130, the H-3, in late 1992. The 107th received F-4C Phantoms, then F-4Ds and in 1990, F-16ADF Fighting Falcons.

In October 1990, over 300 members of the 914th Airlift Group spent seven months in the United Arab Emirates for Operation Desert Shield; 107th members were also activated. In 1994, the 107th Fighter Group switched to an aerial refueling mission, becoming the 107th Air Refueling Group and then the 107th Air Refueling Wing (107 ARW) in 1995. The 2005 Base Realignment and Closure Commission recommended closing the "United States Army Reserve Center and Army Maintenance Support Activity, Niagara Falls". In 2007, the 107 ARW was advised that it would change missions again to that of theater airlift, sharing C-130 Hercules aircraft as an ANG "Associate" unit to the 914 AW and re-designating as the 107th Airlift Wing (107 AW) in 2008. In 2012, it was announced that federal budget reductions due to sequestration would force yet another mission change on the 107 AW. During 2014, the 107 AW began transitioning to an unmanned / remotely piloted aircraft mission with the MQ-9 Reaper. The 107 AW flew its last airlift mission in December 2015 and in 2017 was redesignated as the 107th Attack Wing (107 ATKW), while all C-130H2 aircraft and operations remained with the 914 AW.

The USGS added the military station to the Geographic Names Information System on November 17, 2008. Since 2011, the Army Reserve's 277th Quartermaster Company has provided support for fixed-wing and rotary-wing aircraft operations.

In 2016, it was announced that the 914th would replace their aging C-130 aircraft with eight KC-135 Stratotankers. The conversion was included in the 2017 budget and changed the 914th's mission to an air refueling role with a subsequent re-designation as the 914th Air Refueling Wing (914 ARW).

Army Reserve Presence
Three Army Reserve units call the Niagara Falls Air Reserve Station home. All three are located in the Armed Forces Reserve Center (AFRC) which was built in 2013. The units are the 277th Quartermaster Company (Petroleum), 1982nd Forward Surgical Team (FST) and Alpha Company, 865th Combat Support Hospital (CSH).

Major units assigned

 * 90th Reconnaissance Wing, 1946–1949
 * 26th Reconnaissance Group, 1946–1949
 * 107th Group (Currently designated 107th Attack Wing), 1948–Present
 * 518th Air Defense Group, 1953
 * Re-designated 15th Fighter Group (Air Defense), 1955–1960

 * 47th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron, 1952–1960
 * 35th Air Defense Missile Squadron, 1960–1969
 * 445th Fighter-Bomber Group, 1955–1957
 * 914th Troop Carrier Group (Currently designated 914th Air Refueling Wing, 1963–Present

Aircraft assigned

 * F-47 Thunderbolt, 1948–1952
 * F-51 Mustang, 1952–1954
 * F-86 Sabre, 1953–1960
 * F-94 Starfire, 1954–1957
 * F-102 Delta Dagger, 1959–1960
 * F-100 Super Sabre, 1960–1970
 * C-119 Flying Boxcar, 1963–1971
 * F-101 Voodoo, 1971–1982
 * F-4 Phantom II, 1982–1990
 * F-16 Fighting Falcon, 1990–1994
 * KC-135 Stratotanker, 1994–2008, 2016–Present
 * C-130 Hercules, 1971–2016
 * MQ-9 Reaper, 2014–Present

title: Niagara Falls Air Reserve Station


text:
Triiodide

In chemistry, triiodide usually refers to the triiodide ion,. This anion, one of the polyhalogen ions, is composed of three iodine atoms. It is formed by combining aqueous solutions of iodide salts and iodine. Some salts of the anion have been isolated, including thallium(I) triiodide (Tl+[I3]−) and ammonium triiodide ([NH4]+[I3]−). Triiodide is observed to be a red colour in solution.

Nomenclature
Other chemical compounds with "triiodide" in their name may contain three iodide centers that are not bonded to each other as the triiodide ion, but exist instead as separate iodine atoms or iodide ions. Examples include nitrogen triiodide (NI3) and phosphorus triiodide (PI3), where individual iodine atoms are covalently bonded to a central atom. As some cations have the theoretical possibility to form compounds with both triiodide and iodide ions, such as ammonium, compounds containing iodide anions in a 3:1 stoichiometric ratio should only be referred to as triiodides in cases where the triiodide anion is present. It may also be helpful to indicate the oxidation number of a metal cation, where appropriate. For example, the covalent molecule gallium triiodide (Ga2I6) is better referred to as gallium(III) iodide to emphasise that it is iodide anions that are present, and not triiodide.

Preparation
The following exergonic equilibrium gives rise to the triiodide ion:
 * I2 + I− ⇌

In this reaction, iodide is viewed as a Lewis base, and the iodine is a Lewis acid. The process is analogous to the reaction of S8 with sodium sulfide (which forms polysulfides) except that the higher polyiodides have branched structures.

Structure and bonding
The ion is linear and symmetrical. According to valence shell electron pair repulsion theory, the central iodine atom has three equatorial lone pairs, and the terminal iodine atoms are bonded axially in a linear fashion, due to the three lone pairs bonding to the central iodine-atom. In the molecular orbital model, a common explanation for the hypervalent bonding on the central iodine involves a three-center four-electron bond. The I−I bond is longer than in diatomic iodine, I2.

In ionic compounds, the bond lengths and angles of triiodide vary depending on the nature of the cation. The triiodide anion is easily polarised and in many salts, one I−I bond becomes shorter than the other. Only in combination with large cations, e.g. a quaternary ammonium such as [N(CH3)4]+, may the triiodide remain roughly symmetrical.

In solution phase, the bond lengths and angles of triiodide vary depending on the nature of solvent. The protic solvents tend to localize the triiodide anion's excess charge, resulting in the triiodide anion's asymmetric structure. For example, the triiodide anion in methanol has an asymmetric bent structure with a charge localized on the longer end of the anion.

The dimensions of the triiodide [Ia−Ib−Ic]− bonds in a few sample compounds are shown below:
 * {| class="wikitable"

! compound ! Ia−Ib (pm) ! Ib−Ic (pm) ! angle (°)
 * TlI3
 * 306.3
 * 282.6
 * 177.9
 * RbI3
 * 305.1
 * 283.3
 * 178.11
 * CsI3
 * 303.8
 * 284.2
 * 178.00
 * NH4I3
 * 311.4
 * 279.7
 * 178.55
 * I3− (in methanol)
 * 309.0
 * 296.0
 * 152.0
 * }
 * I3− (in methanol)
 * 309.0
 * 296.0
 * 152.0
 * }

Properties
The triiodide ion is the simplest polyiodide; several higher polyiodides exist. In solution, it appears yellow in low concentrations, and brown at higher concentrations. The triiodide ion is responsible for the well-known blue-black color which arises when iodine solutions interact with starch. Iodide does not react with starch; nor do solutions of iodine in nonpolar solvents.

Lugol's iodine contains potassium iodide and a stoichiometric amount of elemental iodine, so that significant amounts of triiodide ion exist in this solution. Tincture of iodine, although nominally a solution of elemental iodine in ethanol, also contains significant amounts of triiodide, due to its content of both iodide and water.

Photochemistry
Triiodide is a model system in photochemistry. Its reaction mechanism has been studied in gas phase, solution and the solid state. In gas phase, the reaction proceeds in multiple pathways that include iodine molecule, metastable ions and iodine radicals as photoproducts, which are formed by two-body and three-body dissociation. In condensed phases, due to confinement, geminate recombination is more common. In solution, only two-body dissociation of triiodide has been observed. In the protic solvents, an iodine atom at the shorter end of the triiodide anion dissociates upon photoexcitation showing two-body dissociation. In the solid state, the triiodide photochemistry has been studied in compounds involving quaternary ammonium cations, such as tetrabutylammonium triiodide. It has been shown that the solid state photoreaction mechanism depends on the light wavelength, yielding fast recovery in a few picoseconds or going through a two-stage process that involves the formation and break-up of a tetraiodide intermediate on longer timescales. Besides, triiodide photochemistry is an important contributor in the environmental cycle of iodine. Because of the presence of heavy iodine atoms and the well-calibrated chemical pathways, triiodide has also become a computational benchmark system for relativistic quantum chemistry.

Electrochemistry
The redox reactions of triiodide and iodide has been proposed as critical steps in dye-sensitized solar cells. and rechargeable batteries.

title: Triiodide


text:
Talk:Notorious (Duran Duran song)

Notorious/Higher Love
The uncanny resemblance of the video for the Notorious single with Steve Winwood's "Higher Love" is not a mere coincidence or a shameless robbery - both videos were directed by Peter Kagan and Paula Grief. If this video is a copy, it's only a copy that Kagan and Grief did of their own ideas. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 201.252.194.224 (talk • contribs) 16:50, 21 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Agreed. Sloppy on their part, and maybe on Duran's for not realizing/forbidding it, but not accidental.  — Catherine\talk 04:59, 8 August 2006 (UTC)

guitar sample
It sounds to me like the rhythm guitar in this song is from a James Brown song, "Soul Power" (also an instrumental by the J.B.'s titled "Soul Power '74"), which seems very possible, considering how much his stuff gets sampled. It also might be just very similar chords. Anyone know anything about this? M. Stern 20:07, 29 May 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Notorious (single).jpg
Image:Notorious (single).jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

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BetacommandBot 23:37, 1 July 2007 (UTC)

Relation To Christopher Wallce
Rapper/Hip Hop artist and American icon Christopher Wallace got his name from the Duran Duran Song "Notorious". —Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.203.26.228 (talk) 02:19, 28 July 2009 (UTC)

Thank You (Falettinme Be Mice Elf Agin)
Has anyone of Duran Duran referred to the fact the bassline of this song was quite similar to the one of Sly and the Family Stone's Thank You (Falettinme Be Mice Elf Agin)? --223.135.108.46 (talk) 16:55, 1 August 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Notorious (Duran Duran song)


text:
Murray S. Blum

Murray Sheldon Blum (19 July 1929 - 22 March 2015) was an American entomologist and a researcher in the field of chemical ecology.

Born in 1929 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Blum grew up in that city and in Chicago. He earned a BSc in Biology and his Ph.D. in entomology from the University of Illinois in 1955. After serving in the U.S. Army during the Korean War, he joined the faculty of Louisiana State University in 1957. In the 1960s he moved to the University of Georgia, where he spent three decades as a research professor before his retirement. The Entomological Society of America named him as outstanding scientist of the year in 1978, and in 1989 he received the International Society of Chemical Ecology Medal for outstanding scientific contributions.

Blum concentrated much of his research in the area of chemical ecology, and is well-recognized as an expert on pheromones. His subjects of interest also included the eastern lubber grasshopper (Romalea microptera) and imported fire ants as the latter species (Solenopsis invicta) spread through the southern United States. Blum's entomology associates and close friends include noted apiologist Stephen Taber III.

Blum died in 2015 at the age of 85. His daughter Deborah Blum is a Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist and author.

Publications
A past winner of the Lamar Dodd Award for excellence in research, he was the author of many scholarly publications, including the book Chemical Defenses of Arthropods.

 * Blum, Murray S. Chemical Defenses of Arthropods. New York: Academic Press, 1981.
 * Blum, Murray S, ed. Chemistry and Toxicology of Diverse Classes of Alkaloids. Fort Collins, CO: Alaken, 1996.
 * Blum, Murray S., ed. Fundamentals of Insect Physiology. New York: Wiley, 1985.
 * Blum, Murray S. and Nancy Ann Blum, eds. Sexual Selection and Reproductive Competition in Insects. New York: Academic Press, 1979.
 * Blum, Murray S., ed. Toxic Action of Marine and Terrestrial Alkaloids.Ft.Collins, CO: Alaken, 1995.

title: Murray S. Blum