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Saicourt

Saicourt is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It comprises the localities of Le Fuet, Bellelay, La Bottiere and Montbautier. It is located in the French-speaking Bernese Jura (Jura Bernois).

History
Saicourt is first mentioned in 1262 as Zacurt.

Bellelay Abbey was established in the nearby Bellelay valley in 1140. The Abbey owned land and rights in the village of Saicourt for most of its history. However, both Saicourt and Le Fuet belonged to the provost of Moutier-Grandval under the Prince-Bishop of Basel. After the 1798 French invasion, the Abbey was secularized and Saicourt became an independent political municipality. The municipality became part of the French Département of Mont-Terrible. Three years later, in 1800 it became part of the Département of Haut-Rhin. After Napoleon's defeat and the Congress of Vienna, Saicourt was assigned to the Canton of Bern in 1815.

During the 18th century a number of German speaking Anabaptists settled in the village of Montbautier. The villages of Saicourt and La Fuet were part of the parish of Tavannes-Chaindon until 1928. At that time Le Fuet and Bellelay went to the Tavannes parish while Saicourt became part of the Reconvilier parish. A Swiss Reformed chapel was built in Le Fuet in 1938.

During the Middle Ages and into the Early Modern era most of the local economy was based on the production of Tête de Moine cheese at the Abbey. Beginning in the 18th century the watchmaking industry and mining silica sand were added. Peat cutting became common in Bellelay and La Bottière. By the early 20th century watchmaking and sand mining both died out, followed by peat producing in 1945. In 1899 Bellelay Abbey was converted into a psychiatric clinic. It has grown into the largest employer in the municipality. In 2008 a total of 341 people worked in the clinic.

Geography
Saicourt has an area of. As of 2012, a total of 6.17 km2 or 44.8% is used for agricultural purposes, while 6.89 km2 or 50.0% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 0.6 km2 or 4.4% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.02 km2 or 0.1% is either rivers or lakes and 0.12 km2 or 0.9% is unproductive land.

During the same year, housing and buildings made up 2.2% and transportation infrastructure made up 1.5%. Out of the forested land, 46.0% of the total land area is heavily forested and 4.0% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 4.1% is used for growing crops and 32.8% is pastures and 7.6% is used for alpine pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water.

The municipality is located in the Trame, Le Fuet and Bellelay valleys. It consists of the village of Saicourt and the hamlets of La Bottière and Montbautier.

On 31 December 2009 District de Moutier, the municipality's former district, was dissolved. On the following day, 1 January 2010, it joined the newly created Arrondissement administratif Jura bernois.

Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Or on a Pale Gules an Abbot's Crozier of the first issuant from a Mount of 3 Coupeaux vert.

Demographics
Saicourt has a population of. , 3.7% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2001-2011) the population has changed at a rate of 1.7%. Migration accounted for 1.3%, while births and deaths accounted for 0.3%.

Most of the population speaks French (565 or 84.0%) as their first language, German is the second most common (85 or 12.6%) and Italian is the third (10 or 1.5%).

, the population was 51.4% male and 48.6% female. The population was made up of 287 Swiss men (48.4% of the population) and 18 (3.0%) non-Swiss men. There were 284 Swiss women (47.9%) and 4 (0.7%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 219 or about 32.5% were born in Saicourt and lived there in 2000. There were 214 or 31.8% who were born in the same canton, while 102 or 15.2% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 53 or 7.9% were born outside of Switzerland.

, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 25.5% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 61.5% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 12.9%.

, there were 318 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 289 married individuals, 44 widows or widowers and 22 individuals who are divorced.

, there were 80 households that consist of only one person and 21 households with five or more people. , a total of 225 apartments (78.7% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 42 apartments (14.7%) were seasonally occupied and 19 apartments (6.6%) were empty. The vacancy rate for the municipality,, was 2.54%. In 2011, single family homes made up 60.2% of the total housing in the municipality.

The historical population is given in the following chart:

Heritage sites of national significance
The Former Premonstratensian Bellelay Abbey is listed as a Swiss heritage site of national significance. The entire former Abbey complex is part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites.

Monuments
The Abbey church is the second largest church of the canton. The monks of the abbey invented the famous cheese “Tête de Moine”.

Hospital
The psychiatric clinic of Bellelay is located in Saicourt. It was founded in 1891 when the Canton of Bern acquired Bellelay Abbey and converted it into a clinic.

Politics
In the 2011 federal election the most popular party was the Swiss People's Party (SVP) which received 42.3% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the Social Democratic Party (SP) (15.3%), the Conservative Democratic Party (BDP) (10.7%) and another local party (8.2%). In the federal election, a total of 184 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 40.3%.

Economy
, Saicourt had an unemployment rate of 1.04%. , there were a total of 452 people employed in the municipality. Of these, there were 45 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 19 businesses involved in this sector. 17 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 4 businesses in this sector. 390 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 17 businesses in this sector. There were 321 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 45.8% of the workforce.

there were a total of 377 full-time equivalent jobs. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 33, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 15 of which 3 were in manufacturing and 12 were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 329. In the tertiary sector; 4 or 1.2% were in a hotel or restaurant, 17 or 5.2% were in education and 293 or 89.1% were in health care.

, there were 229 workers who commuted into the municipality and 167 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net importer of workers, with about 1.4 workers entering the municipality for every one leaving. A total of 154 workers (40.2% of the 383 total workers in the municipality) both lived and worked in Saicourt. Of the working population, 6.5% used public transportation to get to work, and 59.8% used a private car.

In 2011 the average local and cantonal tax rate on a married resident, with two children, of Saicourt making 150,000 CHF was 13.4%, while an unmarried resident's rate was 19.7%. For comparison, the rate for the entire canton in the same year, was 14.2% and 22.0%, while the nationwide rate was 12.3% and 21.1% respectively. In 2009 there were a total of 247 tax payers in the municipality. Of that total, 70 made over 75,000 CHF per year. There were 2 people who made between 15,000 and 20,000 per year. The greatest number of workers, 78, made between 50,000 and 75,000 CHF per year. The average income of the over 75,000 CHF group in Saicourt was 103,389 CHF, while the average across all of Switzerland was 130,478 CHF.

In 2011 a total of 2.2% of the population received direct financial assistance from the government.

Religion
From the, 377 or 56.0% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church, while 132 or 19.6% were Roman Catholic. Of the rest of the population, there were 5 members of an Orthodox church (or about 0.74% of the population), and there were 73 individuals (or about 10.85% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 7 (or about 1.04% of the population) who were Islamic. There was 1 person who was Buddhist and 2 individuals who belonged to another church. 39 (or about 5.79% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 37 individuals (or about 5.50% of the population) did not answer the question.

Education
In Saicourt about 54.6% of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 12.4% have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 49 who had completed some form of tertiary schooling listed in the census, 55.1% were Swiss men, 32.7% were Swiss women.

The Canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend additional schooling or they may enter an apprenticeship.

During the 2011-12 school year, there were a total of 132 students attending classes in Saicourt. There was one kindergarten class with a total of 10 students in the municipality. Of the kindergarten students, 30.0% have a different mother language than the classroom language. The municipality had 2 primary classes and 40 students. Of the primary students, 2.5% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 17.5% have a different mother language than the classroom language. During the same year, there were 5 lower secondary classes with a total of 82 students. There were 3.7% who were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 17.1% have a different mother language than the classroom language.

, there were a total of 144 students attending any school in the municipality. Of those, 88 both lived and attended school in the municipality, while 56 students came from another municipality. During the same year, 16 residents attended schools outside the municipality.

title: Saicourt


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Etwaru

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. R e  dwolf24  (talk) 04:56, 7 September 2005 (UTC)

Etwaru
Delete, Vanity Article -- RB McLeroy 17:24, August 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per nom. Vanity and advertising. Go team Etwaru! Not. --LemonAndLime 17:29, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete vanity --Quasipalm 17:35, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Userfy to User:Retwaru if he so wishes. Alf 19:48, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Jachin 22:31, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Etwaru


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2007 Copa América

The 2007 Campeonato Sudamericano Copa América, known simply as the 2007 Copa América or 2007 Copa América Venezuela, was the 42nd edition of the Copa América, the South-American championship for international association football teams. The competition was organized by CONMEBOL, South America's football governing body, and was held between 26 June and 15 July in Venezuela, which hosted the tournament for the first time.

The competition was won by Brazil (they were also the defending champions), who beat Argentina 3–0 in the final. Mexico took third place by beating Uruguay 3–1 in the third-place match. Brazil thus won the right to represent CONMEBOL at the 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup.

Competing nations
As with previous tournaments, all ten members of CONMEBOL participated in the competition. In order to bring the number of competing teams to twelve, CONMEBOL invited Mexico and the United States, the two highest ranking CONCACAF teams in the FIFA World Rankings. Just as in every tournament since 1993, Mexico accepted the invitation. The United States rejected the invitation due to scheduling conflicts with the 2007 Major League Soccer season. CONMEBOL then proceeded to invite Costa Rica, the third highest CONCACAF team in FIFA's ranking. In the end, the United States accepted the invitation.

 * 🇦🇷 argentina
 * 🇧🇴 bolivia
 * 🇧🇷 brazil (holders)
 * 🇨🇴 colombia
 * 🇪🇨 ecuador
 * 🇲🇽 mexico (invitee)
 * 🇵🇪 peru
 * 🇺🇸 united states (invitee)
 * 🇻🇪 venezuela (hosts)
 * 🇺🇸 united states (invitee)
 * 🇻🇪 venezuela (hosts)
 * 🇻🇪 venezuela (hosts)

Venues
For this Copa América, the organizing committee decided to choose eight cities to hold the tournament. A total of 14 cities presented proposal before the committee, of which they rejected proposals from Barquisimeto, Maracay, Valencia, Valera, Portuguesa and Miranda for not meeting established requirements. The cities of Barinas, Caracas, Ciudad Guayana, Maracaibo, Maturín, Mérida, Puerto la Cruz and San Cristóbal were selected to host the tournament. Later on, the organizing committee reconsidered the candidacy of Barquisimeto, based on the proposal of a new stadium to be built for the city. With a final nine host cities, the 2007 edition broke the previous records for host cities set by the 2004 Copa América in Peru, which used seven.

Officials
On 30 May 2007, CONMEBOL announced the list of match officials for the competition. The list included one match official from every country (except Paraguay, which had two). From these thirteen, six officiated in the 2006 FIFA World Cup: Carlos Simon, Óscar Ruiz, Carlos Amarilla, Jorge Larrionda, and Armando Archundia.

 * 🇨🇱 Carlos Chandía
 * 🇦🇷 Sergio Pezzotta
 * 🇧🇴 René Ortubé
 * 🇧🇷 Carlos Simon
 * 🇨🇴 Óscar Ruiz
 * 🇪🇨 Mauricio Reinoso
 * 🇲🇽 Armando Archundia
 * 🇵🇾 Carlos Amarilla
 * 🇵🇾 Carlos Torres
 * 🇵🇪 Víctor Rivera
 * 🇺🇾 Jorge Larrionda
 * Baldomero Toledo
 * 🇻🇪 Manuel Andarcia

Draw
The draw for the competition took place on 14 February 2007 in the Teresa Carreño Theater in Caracas.

Squads
Each association had to present a list of twenty-three players to compete in the competition.

Group stage
The first round, or group stage, saw the twelve teams divided into three groups of four teams. Each group was a round-robin of six games, where each team played one match against each of the other teams in the same group. Teams were awarded three points for a win, one point for a draw and none for a defeat. The teams finishing first, second and two best-placed third teams in each group qualified for the Quarter-finals.

Teams were ranked on the following criteria:
 * Tie-breaking criteria
 * 1. Greater number of points in all group matches
 * 2. Goal difference in all group matches
 * 3. Greater number of goals scored in all group matches
 * 4. Head-to-head results
 * 5. Drawing of lots by the CONMEBOL Organising Committee

All times are in Venezuela Standard Time (UTC–4).

Ranking of third-placed teams
At the end of the first stage, a comparison was made between the third-placed teams of each group. The two best third-placed teams advanced to the quarter-finals.

Awards

 * Top Goalscorer : Robinho
 * Most Valuable Player : Robinho Robinho disputará a Messi y Riquelme la Copa América y el MVP del torneo
 * Best Goal : Lionel Messi

Goalscorers
With six goals, Robinho was the top scorer in the tournament.

Sponsorship
Global Platinum Sponsor
 * LG
 * MasterCard

Global Gold Sponsor
 * Telefónica (Movistar is the brand advertised)

Global Silver Sponsor
 * Casio
 * Anheuser-Busch InBev (Skol is the brand advertised)

Charitable Partner
 * UNICEF

Local Supplier
 * PDVSA
 * Empresas Polar (Maltin Polar is the brand advertised)
 * Ole Ole
 * Traffic Group

Match ball
The official match ball for the tournament was the Nike Mercurial Veloci. The ball was presented on 14 February 2007, prior to a friendly match played between Venezuela and New Zealand, by the president of the Venezuelan Football Federation, Rafael Esquivel, to the mayor of Maracaibo, Giancarlo Di Martino – head of the local organising committee.

Mascot
Guaky is a scarlet macaw, a bird representative of Venezuela. He wore the traditional jersey Venezuela national football team burgundy and football shoes. Under their wings the characteristic tricolor national flag, with its eight stars on their wings.

To choose the official mascot held a contest in which proposals received 4,500,000 of Venezuelan children and adolescents at a school. The winning draw corresponded to the 15-year-old Jhoyling Zabaleta. The final design was commissioned to Fractal Studio, bring life and a "strong personality, cheerful and sport" that accompanied the event during its realization. The name of the pet, Guaky was subsequently elected by an online survey, where that option was a 54.17% of preferences.

Theme songs

 * "Gol" by Venezuelan singer Juan Carlos Luces, was the main theme song of the tournament, which was performed during the draw and the opening ceremonies.
 * "Baila la Copa" by Venezuelan singer Ose was an official anthem for the tournament.

title: 2007 Copa América


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Talk:Hydrogen line/history1

Agree, but which is the correct name? Trollderella 17:24, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hydrogen line/history1


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Argentine cumbia

Argentine cumbia is an umbrella term that comprises several distinct trends within the same tradition: the dance and music style known as cumbia in Argentina.

Originally from Colombia, cumbia has been well-known and appreciated in Argentina for a long time, but it gained nationwide scope and attention when it became popular among the lower-class people in main urban centers, the large cities of the Río de la Plata basin, in the 1990s.

Among the most important cumbia bands and singers that popularized the genre are Ráfaga, La Nueva Luna, Amar Azul, Gilda, Ezequiel Cwirkaluk and other traditional cumbia bands like Los Palmeras, Cali and Los Leales. Chocolate had similar success across the water in Uruguay.

Most bands are composed of synthesizer keyboards as main instruments, electronic sounds and percussion, and a musical score very charged with vocal harmonies, bells, and trumpets (usually electronically synthesized).

History
In the 1990s, cumbia first found a place among the working classes, who attended large dancing halls called bailantas, often to listen and watch live concerts by cumbia groups. Some bands, most notably Ráfaga, chose a glamorous style with theatrically presented messages about romantic love and sensuality, hope and despair. Others took to more explicit themes, such as sex, alcoholism, and the cumbia subculture itself, often in a very light, irreverent style, sometimes intentionally humorous.

The rhythm and themes of cumbia then spread to the whole of society, as its romantic and humorous manifestations were adopted to lighten up parties and other social events.

Around the beginning of the 2000s, probably influenced by the 1998–2002 Argentine great depression, romantic cumbia drifted slowly away from the spotlight, while the rest of the bands slowly gave way to the much more aggressive cumbia villera ("shantytown cumbia") -with lyrics that explored the themes of crime and drug abuse-, which was from the start mostly restricted to the urban lower classes. The musical influences of Cumbia Villera are Peruvian Cumbia and Cumbia Sonidera from Mexico.

Over 25 years of history, cumbia in Argentina was heavily influenced by other Argentine folkloric kinds of music, like chamamé, guaracha, and cuarteto. Cumbia songs tell stories about love and experiences of common people. Cumbia in Argentina also has different styles depending on the country region, like norteña, santafesina, cordobesa, sonidera, and other more recent styles like cumbia-rap and cumbia villera.

In the present, cumbia bands play electric guitars, bass guitars, electronic percussion and synthesizers, all common instruments of rock bands, and there are also other instruments like bongos, trumpets, accordions, etc..

The clothing is also a very important characteristic of cumbia bands. Each band has its own way of dressing, usually all members of the band wear the same special costume or exclusive clothes.

In the late 2000s a new brand of cumbia that could be defined as Argentine cumbia became popular in some clubs in Buenos Aires, most notably Zizek Club, led by artists such as El Remolón, Fauna, Chancha via Circuito and Tremor. These artists, who focused on electronic productions featuring the cumbia rhythm, began releasing records largely on the ZZK Records imprint and achieved some international exposure, with their style of music being labelled as digital cumbia.

title: Argentine cumbia


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Pink Floyd discography

The discography of the English rock group Pink Floyd consists of 15 studio albums, six live albums, 12 compilation albums, five box sets, three EPs, and 27 singles. Formed in 1965, Pink Floyd earned recognition for their psychedelic or space rock music, and, later, their progressive rock music. The group have sold over 250 million records worldwide, including 75 million in the United States.

Pink Floyd achieved success in London's underground music scene, led by the singer and guitarist Syd Barrett. They signed a management deal with Peter Jenner and Andrew King (Blackhill Enterprises) in October 1966, and recorded a demo shortly afterwards to attract record label interest. In 1967, they signed with EMI Columbia and released their first single, "Arnold Layne", followed by the album The Piper at the Gates of Dawn.

Barrett left following mental health problems in 1968, and was replaced by the singer and guitarist David Gilmour. Both appear on Pink Floyd's second album, A Saucerful of Secrets, the first of several to feature cover artwork by Hipgnosis. In 1969, Pink Floyd released a soundtrack album, More, and a combined live and studio album, Ummagumma. Atom Heart Mother (1970) was a collaboration with Ron Geesin, featuring an orchestra and choir. Meddle and the Obscured by Clouds soundtrack followed in 1971 and 1972.

Pink Floyd's eighth album, The Dark Side of the Moon (1973), sold more than 30 million copies and is one of the best-selling albums of all time. It has been reissued as a Quadrophonic LP and 5.1 surround sound Super Audio CD. The Dark Side of the Moon was followed by Wish You Were Here (1975), Animals (1977), and The Wall (1979); all except Animals reached number one in the US, and The Wall is the highest-certified multiple-disc album by the Recording Industry Association of America. Pink Floyd released few singles after Barrett's departure, though "Money" was a US top-20 hit, and "Another Brick in the Wall, Part 2" reached number one in the UK and US.

The bassist and singer Roger Waters became Pink Floyd's dominant force from the mid-1970s. He departed in 1985, declaring Pink Floyd "a spent force", and unsuccessfully sued to dissolve their partnership and retire the name. The remaining members, led by Gilmour, continued recording and touring as Pink Floyd, releasing A Momentary Lapse of Reason (1987), The Division Bell (1994) and The Endless River (2014).

In 2010, Pink Floyd sued EMI for unpaid royalties payments and for publishing their back catalogue on streaming services without their consent. A settlement was reached the following year, with the publication of the individual tracks on iTunes, and re-releases of The Dark Side of the Moon, Wish You Were Here and The Wall. In 2016, Pink Floyd established a record label, Pink Floyd Records, and launched an extensive reissue programme of their work on vinyl and CD, and a box set The Early Years 1965–1972 containing a significant amount of previously unreleased material. In 2022, they released a one-off single, "Hey, Hey, Rise Up!", featuring the Ukrainian artist Andriy Khlyvnyuk, in protest of Russia's invasion of Ukraine.

Artwork
Most Pink Floyd covers do not feature the band members, and many do not feature the band name or any text. Waters recommended Hipgnosis for A Saucerful of Secrets' cover, for which they were paid £110, and they went on to create many of the group's album packages. Ummagumma was the last to feature the group on the front cover, with a Droste effect created by multiple photographs, and a breakdown of their musical equipment on the back. Atom Heart Mother features a Friesian cow (named Lulubelle III) on the front cover, deliberately chosen as a reaction against the group's psychedelic image.

The cover of The Dark Side of the Moon was designed by Hipgnosis in collaboration with graphic designer George Hardie, and features a line drawing of light being refracted in a prism. The inner sleeve shows the graphic of a heartbeat, which can be heard at the start of the album. The original packaging also included additional posters and stickers. It has become one of the most recognisable rock album covers. The cover of Animals features an inflatable pig moored to Battersea Power Station that broke free and drifted into airspace. The Wall features a minimalist design on the front cover, while the inside sleeve shows cartoons of the principal characters in the story, both created by Gerald Scarfe. Hipgnosis' Storm Thorgerson returned to produce the cover for A Momentary Lapse of Reason, which featured a row of beds on Saunton Sands. For The Division Bell, he photographed two 3 m high heads in style of Aku-Aku in a field near Ely, Cambridgeshire.

The CD packaging of the live album Pulse included a light emitting diode on the spine, powered by batteries. This gave a visual "pulse" when the CD was stored on a shelf, with the battery expected to last up to a year. The compilation Echoes: The Best of Pink Floyd features a composite piece of artwork created by Hipgnosis combining several past album covers.

Compilation albums
Pink Floyd rarely appeared on multi-artist compilations, because they believed doing so would cheapen their work as a whole.

Promotional singles
Notes:

title: Pink Floyd discography


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Schelten

Schelten (La Scheulte in French) is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. This is one of two German speaking municipalities located in the majority French-speaking Bernese Jura (Jura Bernois). The other is Seehof.

History
Schelten is first mentioned in 1563 as la Schilt. In 1914 it was mentioned as Schelten.

For most of its history it was owned by the provost of Moutier-Grandval under the Prince-Bishop of Basel. When many of the nearby cities and towns converted to the new faith of the Protestant Reformation, Schelten remained Catholic along with the sous les Roches region. After the 1797 French victory and the Treaty of Campo Formio, Schelten became part of the French Département of Mont-Terrible. Three years later, in 1800 it became part of the Département of Haut-Rhin. After Napoleon's defeat and the Congress of Vienna, Schelten was assigned to the Canton of Bern in 1815.

The village is part of the parish of Mervelier. In 1861 the Chapel of St. Anthony was built in the village. The chapel was restored in 1985–87.

Traditionally the village was French speaking, but after it became a part of the Canton of Bern in 1815 the number of German speakers increased. In 1914 its name changed from La Scheulte to Schelten to reflect the growing German speaking population. The village became a stronghold of German culture and generally opposed Jurassic separatism. In the referendums of 1974-75 the population of Schelten voted remain with Bern in contrast to the rest of the neighboring municipalities in the Val Terbi who chose to join the Canton of Jura.

Geography
Schelten has an area of. As of 2012, a total of 2.13 km2 or 38.3% is used for agricultural purposes, while 3.29 km2 or 59.2% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 0.11 km2 or 2.0% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.01 km2 or 0.2% is either rivers or lakes.

During the same year, housing and buildings made up 0.9% and transportation infrastructure made up 1.1%. Out of the forested land, 55.8% of the total land area is heavily forested and 3.4% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 11.5% is pastures and 26.6% is used for alpine pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water.

The municipality is located at the foot of the Schelten Pass along the Delémont-Balsthal road. It is the northernmost municipality in the Canton of Bern.

On 31 December 2009 District de Moutier, the municipality's former district, was dissolved. On the following day, 1 January 2010, it joined the newly created Arrondissement administratif Jura bernois.

Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Argent an Oak Tree Vert fructed Gules issuant from a Mount of 3 Coupeaux of the second and overall a Bend wavy Azure.

Demographics
Schelten has a population of, all Swiss citizens. Over the last 10 years (2001-2011) the population has changed at a rate of -4.9%. Migration accounted for -7.3%, while births and deaths accounted for 0%.

Most of the population speaks German (43 or 82.7%) as their first language, French is the second most common (8 or 15.4%) and Spanish is the third (1 or 1.9%).

, the population was 46.3% male and 53.7% female. The population was made up of 19 Swiss men (46.3% of the population) and (0.0%) non-Swiss men. There were 22 Swiss women (53.7%) and (0.0%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 16 or about 30.8% were born in Schelten and lived there in 2000. There were 12 or 23.1% who were born in the same canton, while 21 or 40.4% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 2 or 3.8% were born outside of Switzerland.

, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 35.9% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 46.2% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 17.9%. , there were 27 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 22 married individuals, 2 widows or widowers and 1 individuals who are divorced.

, there were 3 households that consist of only one person and 3 households with five or more people. , a total of 16 apartments (88.9% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 2 apartments (11.1%) were seasonally occupied. The vacancy rate for the municipality,, was 5.88%. In 2011, single family homes made up 0.0% of the total housing in the municipality.

The historical population is given in the following chart:

Politics
In the 2011 federal election the most popular party was the Swiss People's Party (SVP) which received 43.7% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the Social Democratic Party (SP) (34.8%), the Green Party (9.8%) and the FDP.The Liberals (5.1%). In the federal election, a total of 21 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 42.9%.

Economy
, Schelten had an unemployment rate of 0%. , there were a total of 25 people employed in the municipality. Of these, there were 25 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 8 businesses involved in this sector. No one was employed in the secondary sector or the tertiary sector. There were 26 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 42.3% of the workforce.

there were a total of 19 full-time equivalent jobs, all of which were in agriculture.

, there were 3 workers who commuted into the municipality and 2 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net importer of workers, with about 1.5 workers entering the municipality for every one leaving. A total of 24 workers (88.9% of the 27 total workers in the municipality) both lived and worked in Schelten. Of the working population, 15.4% used public transportation to get to work, and 7.7% used a private car.

In 2011 the average local and cantonal tax rate on a married resident, with two children, of Schelten making 150,000 CHF was 13.6%, while an unmarried resident's rate was 20%. For comparison, the rate for the entire canton in the same year, was 14.2% and 22.0%, while the nationwide rate was 12.3% and 21.1% respectively. In 2009 there were a total of 11 tax payers in the municipality. Of that total, 2 made over 75,000 CHF per year. The greatest number of workers, 6, made between 20,000 and 30,000 CHF per year. The average income of the over 75,000 CHF group in Schelten was 121,700 CHF, while the average across all of Switzerland was 130,478 CHF.

Religion
From the, 26 or 50.0% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church, while 16 or 30.8% were Roman Catholic. 5 (or about 9.62% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 5 individuals (or about 9.62% of the population) did not answer the question.

Education
In Schelten about 41.4% of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 6.9% have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). A total of 2 Swiss men in the municipality had completed some form of tertiary schooling.

The Canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend additional schooling or they may enter an apprenticeship.

During the 2011–12 school year, there were a total of 10 students attending classes in Schelten. There were no kindergarten classes in the municipality and the 5 primary students attend a class in a neighboring municipality. During the same year, there was one lower secondary class with a total of 5 students.

, there were a total of 9 students attending any school in the municipality. Of those, 2 both lived and attended school in the municipality, while 7 students came from another municipality. During the same year, 5 residents attended schools outside the municipality.

title: Schelten


text:
Talk:Alpha phi delta

Alpha Phi Delta is presumably the correct capitalization, any objection to me merging the two? Trollderella 17:25, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I've dumped the contents there, and slapped a cleanup tag on the mess. If you know more about the frat, please, clean away! :-p Tomer TALK  06:40, September 1, 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Alpha phi delta


text:
Jinx Falkenburg

Eugenia Lincoln "Jinx" Falkenburg (January 21, 1919 – August 27, 2003) was an American actress and model. She married journalist and publicist Tex McCrary in 1945. Known as "Tex and Jinx", the couple pioneered and popularized the talk show format, first on radio and then in the early days of television. They hosted a series of interview shows in the late 1940s and early 1950s that combined celebrity chit-chat with discussions of important topics of the day.

Early life
Falkenburg was born to American parents in Barcelona, Spain; her father Eugene "Genie" Lincoln Falkenburg was an engineer for Westinghouse. Thinking the name would bring good luck, she was nicknamed Jinx by her mother Marguerite "Mickey" Crooks Falkenburg, an athlete and tennis player (Brazil women's champion in 1927), and the name stuck. All the Falkenburg offspring became known for their tennis abilities; younger brother Bob won the men's singles championship at Wimbledon in 1948.

The family moved to Santiago, Chile, where she spent her early years. She first received media attention at age two when The New York Sun ran a full-page picture and story of her exploits as a "baby swimmer." A revolution in Chile caused the family to return to the United States and they moved to Los Angeles, California. She attended Hollywood High School but left in 1935 at the age of 16 to pursue a career in acting and modeling.

Acting and modeling

The Falkenburgs were at the center of a young social set at the West Side Tennis Club in Hollywood. While playing tennis there she  was noticed by a talent scout for Warner Bros. and signed to a studio contract. After a few brief walk-ons, her fluency in Spanish won her minor roles in a series of Spanish-language films made for distribution in Latin America.

In 1937 her modeling career began when she met celebrity fashion photographer Paul Hesse, whose Sunset Strip studio was a gathering place for advertising moguls and motion picture industry celebrities. Calling her "the most charming, most vital personality I have ever had the pleasure to photograph", he took her picture for the August 1937 cover of The American Magazine, triggering similar offers from 60 other publications. Falkenburg appeared on over 200 magazine covers and in some 1,500 commercial advertisements in the 1930s and 1940s. She was considered to be one of the most beautiful women of that era, known for her All-American-Girl athletic good looks. The New Yorker magazine said she "possessed one of the most photogenic faces and frames in the Western world". The New York World-Telegram said her face was seen more often and in more places than any other woman in the country. And a headline story in the January 27, 1941, issue of Life magazine said Falkenburg "is the leading candidate for America's No. 1 Girl for 1941".

In 1939 she was in Hawaii posing for photographer Edward Steichen for a series of ads for the Hawaiian Steamship Company's Matson Line when she fell through a balcony at the Royal Hawaiian Hotel and landed 30 feet below on a dining room table. While in the hospital recovering from her injuries, she was introduced to singer Al Jolson, who was also convalescing there. Jolson offered her a role in his upcoming Broadway show Hold On to Your Hats, which opened in January 1940. Though her part as a cowgirl was small, she attracted much attention. Fans started gathering nightly at her dressing room door at the Shubert Theater, forming the core of what would become the Jinx Falkenburg Fan Club, the only national fan club not devoted to a movie star.

Her biggest breakthrough as a model came in 1940 when she was picked by New York-based Liebmann Brewery, maker of Rheingold Beer, to be the first Miss Rheingold. As the face for its marketing and advertising campaign, her image appeared on billboards throughout New York, Pennsylvania, and New England., and she was featured in promotional ads at every store that sold Rheingold. Her face and the campaign were a great success. Rheingold was suddenly the top brand in New York City.

In the early 1940s she did a dozen movies, mainly for Columbia Pictures, sometimes in the starring role. Mostly B movies, neither they nor her acting garnered much critical acclaim. Among them were Two Latins from Manhattan, Sweetheart of the Fleet, Laugh Your Blues Away, She Has What It Takes, Two Senoritas From Chicago, and Nine Girls. The biggest hit was Cover Girl, a musical about the modeling business that starred Rita Hayworth, with songs by Jerome Kern and Ira Gershwin. Falkenburg played herself in a cameo role.

Tex and Jinx: Radio and television
Falkenburg met John Reagan "Tex" McCrary when he came to photograph and interview her for a military publication after she opened in Hold On to Your Hats. He was a lieutenant colonel in the Army Air Forces. They were about to be engaged in 1942, but World War II intervened. They married after the war, on June 15, 1945, in a civil ceremony conducted by New York Supreme Court Judge Ferdinand Pecora, famous for investigating the 1929 stock market crash and its aftermath.

As World War II escalated in 1942, Falkenburg was invited to contribute to the inaugural broadcasts of CBS's innovative international radio network La Cadena de las Americas (Network of the Americas) under the supervision of the Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs chaired by Nelson Rockefeller. This opportunity enabled Falkenburg to make a notable contribution to the implementation of President Franklin Roosevelt's cultural diplomacy initiatives in South America even as hostilities raged throughout Europe. During the war, Falkenburg traveled extensively on USO tours entertaining troops. The most arduous was a 42000 mi 80-stop series of shows in the rugged China-Burma-India theatre of operations. In 1945 she was awarded the Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal for her contributions.

Backed by some of his well-connected friends like millionaire financier Bernard Baruch, McCrary convinced David Sarnoff, the chairman of RCA, which owned NBC, to give the couple a morning show on the network's New York radio station, WEAF. The show was called Hi, Jinx and first aired on April 22, 1946. Reviews ranged from "sprightly" to "rather intense discussions of foreign affairs". In a cover story about the couple, Newsweek wrote: "A soft-spoken, calculating Texan, Tex McCrary, inched up to the microphone and drawled 'Hi, Jinx.' A voice with all the foam substance of a bubble bath answered, 'Hello Tex. Over time they came to be known as "Mr. Brains and Mrs. Beauty".

The McCrarys' radio show was broadcast five mornings a week on New York radio station WEAF and became a hit with critics and the public for tackling controversial issues like the atomic bomb, the United Nations and venereal disease, along with talk about theatre openings and New York nightlife. Their guests were a mix of popular entertainers such as Mary Martin, Ethel Waters and Esther Williams and public figures such as Eleanor Roosevelt, Margaret Truman, Bernard Baruch, industrialist Igor Sikorsky and Indian statesman Krishna Menon.

McCrary wrote the scripts and taught Falkenburg the art of interviewing and the basics of broadcast journalism. Over time she was considered the better interviewer, eliciting candid responses, often from the show's more intellectual guests. Her technique was to ask questions until she understood the answer and so, presumably, did all the housewives at home listening to her. "They developed an audience that was ready to start thinking at breakfast", wrote New York Times columnist William Safire, who as a teenager was hired by McCrary to do pre-show interviews of guests.

In January 1947, McCrary and Falkenburg had their first network TV show, Bristol-Myers Tele-Varieties, also known as Jinx and Tex at Home, broadcast Sunday nights on NBC. The program combined film and live interviews of celebrities in their residences. In May 1947, The Swift Home Service Club combined household tips with breezy interviews. Another radio show, Meet Tex and Jinx got such a big audience that in 1947 and 1948 it became a summer replacement for one of radio's most popular shows, Duffy's Tavern.

In the winter of 1948, Falkenburg traveled to Berlin, Germany, during the height of the Berlin Airlift, when the city was under blockade by the Russians and emergency supplies were being flown in by Allied planes. She flew in with comedian Bob Hope and songwriter Irving Berlin to do highly publicized Christmas shows for airmen and occupation soldiers.

McCrary and Falkenburg's popularity grew, and at one point in the early 1950s they hosted two radio programs and a daily television show and wrote a column for the New York Herald Tribune. Some of their shows were broadcast from the Peacock Alley restaurant in the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel.

Armed with tape recorder and microphone, Falkenburg often did interviews outside the studio. She covered many major stories of the day, including the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in London and the wedding of Grace Kelly to Prince Rainier of Monaco. In 1958, she was the only female reporter on the press plane that accompanied then Vice President Richard Nixon on his trip to South America, where he encountered rock-throwing crowds in Venezuela. She also was on assignment and appeared on camera in the historic finger-poking televised "kitchen debate" in Moscow between Nixon and Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev. Safire maneuvered the two leaders into the kitchen of the model home, whose manufacturer was a client of McCrary's, for the confrontation.

Politics
In 1952, McCrary spearheaded a campaign to get General Dwight D. Eisenhower to run for president on the Republican ticket. A high point of that recruitment effort was a "Citizens for Eisenhower" rally at Madison Square Garden. Falkenburg and McCrary organized and hosted the three-hour event.

At the behest of John Hay Whitney, finance chairman for the Republican Party, Falkenburg became head of the women's division of the finance committee in 1954. (McCrary was a wartime friend and neighbor of Whitney—he and Falkenburg lived in a house on Whitney's Greentree Estate in Manhasset, Long Island). She continued to serve on the finance committee and remained a lifelong Republican, occasionally lending her name to the party's causes.

Later years
Falkenburg informally retired from broadcasting in 1958 and continued to live in Manhasset. In 1962, she and McCrary anchored 16 weeks of coverage of the Billy Graham Crusade for Christianity. In the early 1960s, Falkenburg was a commercial spokesperson for the American Gas Association. She became vice-president of Marian Bialac Cosmetics, a company owned by Whitney.

Personal life
Falkenburg and McCrary had two sons, John Reagan "Paddy" McCrary III and Kevin Jock McCrary. Kevin appeared on the A&E reality TV show Hoarders (Season 4, Episode 12, "Kevin & Mary"). Kevin was evicted from his apartment in March 2014 due to his continued hoarding.

Her athletic prowess remained on display as she moved from starlet to middle age. She took up golf at the age of 40 and within a short time had a 12 handicap. In 1975, at the age of 56, she was part of a celebrity team that played a pre-opening tennis match at Forest Hills before the start of the U.S. Open.

Falkenburg was a Roman Catholic. In 1980, McCrary and Falkenburg separated but never divorced and remained friends. McCrary died at 92 on July 29, 2003, less than one month before Falkenburg.

She also was involved in charitable work and was on the board of the North Shore Hospital in Manhasset, which her husband was instrumental in getting built.

Falkenburg died on August 27, 2003, at the age of 84 at North Shore Hospital in Manhasset. Her body was cremated.

Legacy
For her contribution to the television industry, Falkenburg has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 1500 Vine Street.

Fictional depiction
Falkenburg is featured as a supporting character in books #1-3, set in World War II Burma, of a French graphic-novel series, Angel Wings.

Selected filmography

 * She Has What It Takes (1943)
 * Two Señoritas from Chicago (1943)
 * Cover Girl (1944)

title: Jinx Falkenburg


title: File:Showcase73.jpg


text:
Wikipedia talk:Missing science topics/Maths7

My son has written a program to identify all the items on this list that are already wikipedia articles except for the case of the first letter in the second word. For example, Thue's Theorem is on the list. Thue's theorem is in wikipedia.

My first thought was to insert pointers, but that seems a waste of time and space. I am just deleting from the list all the names of articles that are on topics already covered. If anybody doesn't like this, they can revert. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Rick Norwood (talk • contribs).

 * My bot now takes care of this. By doing a comparison of all articles in these lists to existing Wikipedia articles and redirects, as well as with some statistical tricks which help guess whether a word should be upper case or not, I solved this problem. Also, incomplete links like Green's the... were taken care of. Oleg Alexandrov (talk) 21:26, 29 April 2006 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Aha Shake Heartbreak

<^>v!!This album is connected!!v<^>

 * All song titles serve as redirects to this album, have their own pages, or have been placed at the appropriate disambiguation pages.--Hraefen Talk 21:55, 21 July 2006 (UTC)

Artrocker review links to incorrect album
The Artrocker review links to a review of a different Kings of Leon album, not Aha Shake Heartbreak. I didn't want to just delete the review; I will let someone with more knowledge of wikipedia etiquette decide what to do. Just wanted to bring this to attention. 72.131.68.154 (talk) 03:02, 14 October 2008 (UTC)Andrew

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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sudden downturn of F5 tornadoes

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. R e  dwolf24  (talk) 05:00, 7 September 2005 (UTC)

Sudden downturn of F5 tornadoes
This is not really appropriate as a stand-alone wikipedia article. It would be a candidate for merging, but it is not clear at all to me that there is even some kind of interesting sudden downturn to be spoken of. The article also lists F4 tornadoes, without apparent relevance. Mgcsinc 17:27, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, encyclopedic and verifiable.Gateman1997 18:23, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong Delete, In 1990, there was an F5 tornado in Plainfield, Illinois. --Mjvan12 18:48, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * No offense intended, but this article refers to the downturn since 1999.Gateman1997 18:50, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge relevant content into tornado. This article is poorly titled. The information is encyclopedic but should probably be part of a more general article. --Idont Havaname 19:24, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge just the preamble into Tornado. The rest of the article isn't about F5 tornados — the list is all F4s! -Splash 19:47, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete self-contradicting article. The lead states that the U.S. has been experiencing an unusual lack of F5 tornadoes (none since 1999, or 6 years ago), and then states that it isn't uncommon to go 5 or 6 years between F5 tornadoes, and cites a bunch of examples.  Thus, there is no "sudden downturn".--Scimitar parley 19:47, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Merge any useful info into Tornado. Carbonite | Talk 19:50, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Original research, unfortunately. Or, link to an article discussing the phenomenon. Right now, there is no evidence (presented in the article) that this is anything other than a statistical anomaly. Sdedeo 19:56, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as Original research - plus it's pointless, an atmospheric study over this short of a term is completely irrelevant. --Outlander 20:45, August 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete if anything, science seems to talk about an upturn in tornados, not a downturn. Groeck 20:55, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete original research CDC   (talk)  21:14, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Jachin 22:35, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge into tornado. Really belongs on that page as a footnote or sidebar (do we have sidebars?). --BrownHornet21 02:41, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * strong delete sources? primary research? bad name for article anyway. Roodog2k 01:16, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge into tornado. The comments on the discussion page (about possible reasons for the downturn) are more useful than the article itself and, if verifiable, should be incorporated. Cmadler 18:43, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, no actionable information. ‣ ᓛᖁ  [[Image:Venus symbol (blue).gif|♀]] [ ᑐ ] 16:04, 3 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, irrelevant, self-contradicting (as pointed by Scimitar) and statistical inconsistent. Marlosfabris 2:40, 5 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Nature (radio programme)

Nature is a long-running documentary programme on BBC Radio 4, covering wildlife and environmental matters.

It is broadcast (and available on-line) on Mondays at 21:00-21:30 and repeated on Tuesdays at 11:00 (local time). Past episodes are also available, in RealAudio, from the programme's web page.

Current presenters include Grant Sonnex and Brett Westwood; former presenters include Mark Carwardine. Nature is also broadcast visually on PBS.

title: Nature (radio programme)


text:
Talk:Youth & Young Manhood

Title
A phrase similar to the title also appears in Norman Mailer's 1948 WWII novel, The Naked and the Dead, when a soldier, looking at the corpse of a Japanese combatant, reflects: "The man had had a childhood, a youth and a young manhood, and there had been dreams and memories" (Pt. II, Ch. 7, p. 216 in the 1948 Modern Library Edition). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.17.104.165 (talk) 19:58, 2 July 2009 (UTC)

Dead external links to Allmusic website – January 2011
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Sornetan

Sornetan is a former municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is located in the French-speaking Bernese Jura (Jura Bernois). On 1 January 2015 the former municipalities of Châtelat, Monible, Sornetan and Souboz merged to form the new municipality of Petit-Val.

History
Sornetan is first mentioned in 1179 as Sornetan. The municipality was formerly known by its German name Sornetal, however, that name is no longer used.

The area around Sornetan was inhabited since antiquity. Some of the earliest finds are scattered items from the Celtic tribes that lived in the area. They were followed by the Romans and then by the Burgundians. A noble family using the Sornetan name appear in historic records from the 12th until the 14th centuries. The village was eventually acquired by the college of canons of Moutier-Grandval Abbey. When the Abbey was suppressed during the Protestant Reformation, Sornetan was placed under the provost of Moutier-Grandval who was under the Prince-Bishop of Basel. After the 1797 French victory and the Treaty of Campo Formio, Sornetan became part of the French Département of Mont-Terrible. Three years later, in 1800 it became part of the Département of Haut-Rhin. After Napoleon's defeat and the Congress of Vienna, Sornetan was assigned to the Canton of Bern in 1815.

Until the Protestant Reformation of 1528, Sornetan was part of the parish of Sapran. After it adopted the new Reformed faith, it joined the Tavannes-Chaindon parish, but only remained until 1538. It then joined the Grandval parish and remained in that parish until 1571, when it joined Bévilard. Sornetan remained part of that parish for almost two centuries, but in 1746 it became an independent parish. The parish church was built in 1708-09 and today is a Swiss heritage site of national significance. It was renovated in 1964-67.

While the village has remained generally agrarian, beginning in the 1970s the services sector began gaining importance. One of the reasons for this change was the construction, in 1971, of a Swiss Reformed Church meeting and training center in the municipality.

Geography
Before the merger, Sornetan had a total area of 5.7 km2. As of 2012, a total of 2.59 km2 or 45.9% is used for agricultural purposes, while 2.85 km2 or 50.5% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 0.18 km2 or 3.2% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.02 km2 or 0.4% is either rivers or lakes and 0.02 km2 or 0.4% is unproductive land.

During the same year, housing and buildings made up 1.4% and transportation infrastructure made up 1.4%. Out of the forested land, 45.6% of the total land area is heavily forested and 5.0% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 5.5% is used for growing crops and 23.4% is pastures and 16.1% is used for alpine pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water.

The former municipality is located in the hills near the source of the Sorne river.

On 31 December 2009 District de Moutier, the municipality's former district, was dissolved. On the following day, 1 January 2010, it joined the newly created Arrondissement administratif Jura bernois.

Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Gules a Chevron Or in chief three Mullets of the same one and two and a Base wavy Azure.

Demographics
Sornetan had a population (as of 2013) of 139. , 4.0% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2001-2011) the population has changed at a rate of 2.4%. Migration accounted for 0.8%, while births and deaths accounted for 0%.

Most of the population speaks French (99 or 87.6%) as their first language, German is the second most common (11 or 9.7%) and Spanish is the third (1 or 0.9%).

, the population was 53.2% male and 46.8% female. The population was made up of 65 Swiss men (51.6% of the population) and 2 (1.6%) non-Swiss men. There were 56 Swiss women (44.4%) and 3 (2.4%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 53 or about 46.9% were born in Sornetan and lived there in 2000. There were 31 or 27.4% who were born in the same canton, while 19 or 16.8% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 9 or 8.0% were born outside of Switzerland.

, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 23.3% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 67.4% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 9.3%.

, there were 51 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 55 married individuals, 5 widows or widowers and 2 individuals who are divorced.

, there were 11 households that consist of only one person and households with five or more people. , a total of 36 apartments (65.5% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 13 apartments (23.6%) were seasonally occupied and 6 apartments (10.9%) were empty. The vacancy rate for the municipality,, was 1.61%. In 2011, single family homes made up 43.8% of the total housing in the municipality.

The historical population is given in the following chart:

Heritage sites of national significance
The village reformed church is listed as a Swiss heritage site of national significance.

Politics
In the 2011 federal election the most popular party was the Swiss People's Party (SVP) which received 52.1% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the Social Democratic Party (SP) (13.3%), the Green Party (11.1%) and the Conservative Democratic Party (BDP) (7.3%). In the federal election, a total of 47 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 48.0%.

Economy
, Sornetan had an unemployment rate of 1.93%. , there were a total of 64 people employed in the municipality. Of these, there were 27 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 9 businesses involved in this sector. 21 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 5 businesses in this sector. 16 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 2 businesses in this sector. There were 68 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 44.1% of the workforce.

there were a total of 45 full-time equivalent jobs. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 19, all in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 18 of which 9 were in manufacturing and 7 were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 8, all in a hotel or restaurant.

, there were 19 workers who commuted into the municipality and 25 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 1.3 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. A total of 43 workers (69.4% of the 62 total workers in the municipality) both lived and worked in Sornetan.

Of the working population, 8.8% used public transportation to get to work, and 32.4% used a private car.

In 2011 the average local and cantonal tax rate on a married resident, with two children, of Sornetan making 150,000 CHF was 13.6%, while an unmarried resident's rate was 20%. For comparison, the rate for the entire canton in the same year, was 14.2% and 22.0%, while the nationwide rate was 12.3% and 21.1% respectively. In 2009 there were a total of 54 tax payers in the municipality. Of that total, 15 made over 75,000 CHF per year. There was one person who made between 15,000 and 20,000 per year. The greatest number of workers, 17, made between 50,000 and 75,000 CHF per year. The average income of the over 75,000 CHF group in Sornetan was 87,873 CHF, while the average across all of Switzerland was 130,478 CHF. In 2011 a total of 0.8% of the population received direct financial assistance from the government.

Religion
From the, 64 or 56.6% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church, while 19 or 16.8% were Roman Catholic. Of the rest of the population, there were 18 individuals (or about 15.93% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. 9 (or about 7.96% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 3 individuals (or about 2.65% of the population) did not answer the question.

Education
In Sornetan about 68.6% of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 12.9% have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 9 who had completed some form of tertiary schooling listed in the census, 66.7% were Swiss men, 22.2% were Swiss women.

, there were a total of 9 students attending any school in the municipality. Of those, 6 both lived and attended school in the municipality, while 3 students came from another municipality. During the same year, 14 residents attended schools outside the municipality.

title: Sornetan


text:
Sorvilier

Sorvilier is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is located in the French-speaking Bernese Jura (Jura Bernois).

History
Sorvilier is first mentioned in 1148 as Sorurvilier, though this comes from a 12th-century forgery. In 1179 it was mentioned as Sororviler. The municipality was formerly known by its German name Surbelen, however, that name is no longer used.

For most of its history Sorvilier was part of the district of Orval under the provost of Moutier-Grandval Abbey, which was part of the lands of the Prince-Bishop of Basel. In 1531, Sorvilier accepted the new faith of the Protestant Reformation. In 1773 a stone bridge was built over the river, connecting the village core with the left bank of the Birs river. After the 1797 French victory and the Treaty of Campo Formio, Sorvilier became part of the French Département of Mont-Terrible. Three years later, in 1800 it became part of the Département of Haut-Rhin. After Napoleon's defeat and the Congress of Vienna, Sorvilier was assigned to the Canton of Bern in 1815. The mid-19th century saw the establishment of the watch industry in the village. In 1877 the Delémont-Sonceboz-Biel railroad opened a station in Sorvilier and connected the growing watch industry with additional suppliers and customers. By 1900 about 100 workers produced watches and watch parts, while the village's population was only 438.

Geography
Sorvilier has an area of. As of 2012, a total of 3.15 km2 or 45.7% is used for agricultural purposes, while 3.37 km2 or 48.9% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 0.24 km2 or 3.5% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.05 km2 or 0.7% is either rivers or lakes and 0.03 km2 or 0.4% is unproductive land.

During the same year, housing and buildings made up 1.5% and transportation infrastructure made up 1.9%. Out of the forested land, 42.7% of the total land area is heavily forested and 6.2% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 10.4% is used for growing crops and 16.5% is pastures and 18.4% is used for alpine pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water.

The municipality is located in the Tavannes valley on both sides of the Birs river.

The municipalities of Bévilard, Court, Malleray, Pontenet and Sorvilier are considering a merger on 1 January 2015 into the new municipality of Valbirse.

On 31 December 2009 District de Moutier, the municipality's former district, was dissolved. On the following day, 1 January 2010, it joined the newly created Arrondissement administratif Jura bernois.

Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Argent two Ears Gules slipped and leaved Vert issuant from a Mount of 3 Coupeaux of the last and in chief between those a Mullet of the second.

Demographics
Sorvilier has a population of. , 8.0% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2001-2011) the population has changed at a rate of 1.1%. Migration accounted for 0.4%, while births and deaths accounted for 0.4%.

Most of the population speaks French (246 or 90.4%) as their first language, German is the second most common (19 or 7.0%) and Albanian is the third (3 or 1.1%). There is 1 person who speaks Italian.

, the population was 51.7% male and 48.3% female. The population was made up of 123 Swiss men (46.8% of the population) and 13 (4.9%) non-Swiss men. There were 119 Swiss women (45.2%) and 8 (3.0%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 95 or about 34.9% were born in Sorvilier and lived there in 2000. There were 103 or 37.9% who were born in the same canton, while 34 or 12.5% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 27 or 9.9% were born outside of Switzerland.

, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 19.9% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 60.9% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 19.2%.

, there were 105 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 136 married individuals, 17 widows or widowers and 14 individuals who are divorced.

, there were 36 households that consist of only one person and 1 households with five or more people. , a total of 107 apartments (79.9% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 14 apartments (10.4%) were seasonally occupied and 13 apartments (9.7%) were empty. The vacancy rate for the municipality,, was 0.6%. In 2011, single family homes made up 45.4% of the total housing in the municipality.

The historical population is given in the following chart:

Politics
In the 2011 federal election the most popular party was the Swiss People's Party (SVP) which received 30.9% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the Social Democratic Party (SP) (21.5%), the Federal Democratic Union of Switzerland (EDU) (12.7%) and another local party (10.1%). In the federal election, a total of 84 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 40.6%.

Economy
, Sorvilier had an unemployment rate of 1.42%. , there were a total of 68 people employed in the municipality. Of these, there were 25 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 10 businesses involved in this sector. 13 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 7 businesses in this sector. 30 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 7 businesses in this sector. There were 148 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 44.6% of the workforce.

there were a total of 45 full-time equivalent jobs. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 15, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 9 of which 8 were in manufacturing and 2 were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 21. In the tertiary sector; 3 or 14.3% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 2 or 9.5% were in a hotel or restaurant, 1 was a technical professional or scientist, 3 or 14.3% were in education and 10 or 47.6% were in health care.

, there were 16 workers who commuted into the municipality and 98 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 6.1 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. A total of 50 workers (75.8% of the 66 total workers in the municipality) both lived and worked in Sorvilier.

Of the working population, 10.8% used public transportation to get to work, and 64.2% used a private car.

In 2011 the average local and cantonal tax rate on a married resident, with two children, of Sorvilier making 150,000 CHF was 12.9%, while an unmarried resident's rate was 19%. For comparison, the rate for the entire canton in the same year, was 14.2% and 22.0%, while the nationwide rate was 12.3% and 21.1% respectively. In 2009 there were a total of 121 tax payers in the municipality. Of that total, 31 made over 75,000 CHF per year. There was one person who made between 15,000 and 20,000 per year. The greatest number of workers, 35, made between 50,000 and 75,000 CHF per year. The average income of the over 75,000 CHF group in Sorvilier was 100,132 CHF, while the average across all of Switzerland was 130,478 CHF.

In 2011 a total of 2.3% of the population received direct financial assistance from the government.

Religion
From the, 154 or 56.6% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church, while 46 or 16.9% were Roman Catholic. Of the rest of the population, there was 1 member of an Orthodox church, and there were 18 individuals (or about 6.62% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 8 (or about 2.94% of the population) who were Islamic. There was 1 person who was Buddhist and 1 individual who belonged to another church. 34 (or about 12.50% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 9 individuals (or about 3.31% of the population) did not answer the question.

Education
In Sorvilier about 61.4% of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 7.1% have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 11 who had completed some form of tertiary schooling listed in the census, 63.6% were Swiss men, 18.2% were Swiss women.

The Canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend additional schooling or they may enter an apprenticeship.

During the 2011-12 school year, there were a total of 17 students attending classes in Sorvilier. There were no kindergarten classes in the municipality. The municipality had one primary class and 17 students. Of the primary students, 17.6% have a different mother language than the classroom language.

, there were a total of 17 students attending any school in the municipality. All 17 both lived and attended school in the municipality, while 19 students from Sorvilier attended schools outside the municipality.

Transportation
The municipality has a railway station, Sorvilier. The station is located on the Sonceboz-Sombeval–Moutier line and has regular service to Biel/Bienne and Moutier.

title: Sorvilier


text:
Souboz

Souboz was a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is located in the French-speaking Bernese Jura (Jura Bernois). On 1 January 2015 the former municipalities of Châtelat, Monible, Sornetan and Souboz merged to form the new municipality of Petit-Val.

History
Souboz is first mentioned in 1398 as Subol.

For most of Souboz's history, it was owned by the college of canons of Moutier-Grandval Abbey under the Prince-Bishop of Basel. During the Protestant Reformation, the village accepted the new faith and became part of the parish of Moutier. After the 1797 French victory and the Treaty of Campo Formio, Souboz became part of the French Département of Mont-Terrible. Three years later, in 1800 it became part of the Département of Haut-Rhin. After Napoleon's defeat and the Congress of Vienna, Souboz was assigned to the Canton of Bern in 1815. In the early 20th century, the municipality was close to bankruptcy and from 1926 until 1937 the mayor of Moutier took over running Souboz to get it out of debt. Today the municipality is mostly agrarian, with about 80% of the local jobs in agriculture.

Geography
Before the merger, Souboz had a total area of 10.6 km2. As of 2012, a total of 4.08 km2 or 38.2% is used for agricultural purposes, while 6.28 km2 or 58.9% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 0.19 km2 or 1.8% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.02 km2 or 0.2% is either rivers or lakes and 0.02 km2 or 0.2% is unproductive land.

During the same year, housing and buildings made up 0.4% and transportation infrastructure made up 1.1%. Out of the forested land, 56.7% of the total land area is heavily forested and 2.2% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 3.2% is used for growing crops and 17.7% is pastures and 17.2% is used for alpine pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water.

On 31 December 2009 District de Moutier, the municipality's former district, was dissolved. On the following day, 1 January 2010, it joined the newly created Arrondissement administratif Jura bernois.

Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Or a Bull Gules passant in front of a Tree Vert issuant from a Base of the same.

Demographics
Souboz had a population (as of 2013) of 131. , 9.8% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2001-2011) the population has changed at a rate of 1.5%. Migration accounted for 0%, while births and deaths accounted for 1.5%.

Most of the population speaks French (84 or 73.0%) as their first language, German is the second most common (30 or 26.1%) and Portuguese is the third (1 or 0.9%).

, the population was 55.3% male and 44.7% female. The population was made up of 67 Swiss men (50.8% of the population) and 6 (4.5%) non-Swiss men. There were 52 Swiss women (39.4%) and 7 (5.3%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 41 or about 35.7% were born in Souboz and lived there in 2000. There were 40 or 34.8% who were born in the same canton, while 30 or 26.1% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 3 or 2.6% were born outside of Switzerland.

, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 27.6% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 55.2% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 17.2%.

, there were 47 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 56 married individuals, 11 widows or widowers and 1 individuals who are divorced.

, there were 7 households that consist of only one person and 5 households with five or more people. , a total of 47 apartments (74.6% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 12 apartments (19.0%) were seasonally occupied and 4 apartments (6.3%) were empty. In 2011, single family homes made up 50.0% of the total housing in the municipality.

The historical population is given in the following chart:

Sights
The entire village of Souboz is designated as part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites.

Politics
In the 2011 federal election the most popular party was the Swiss People's Party (SVP) which received 50.7% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the Social Democratic Party (SP) (23.7%), the Green Party (11.9%) and the Conservative Democratic Party (BDP) (3.7%). In the federal election, a total of 59 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 67.8%.

Economy
, Souboz had an unemployment rate of 0.37%. , there were a total of 33 people employed in the municipality. Of these, there were 27 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 11 businesses involved in this sector. No one was employed in the secondary sector. 6 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 3 businesses in this sector. There were 68 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 44.1% of the workforce.

there were a total of 25 full-time equivalent jobs. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 21, of which 20 were in agriculture and 1 was in forestry or lumber production. There were no jobs in the secondary sector. Of the 4 jobs in the tertiary sector, 1 was in a hotel or restaurant, 1 was in the information industry and 2 were in education.

, there were 5 workers who commuted into the municipality and 38 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 7.6 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. A total of 30 workers (85.7% of the 35 total workers in the municipality) both lived and worked in Souboz. Of the working population, 13.2% used public transportation to get to work, and 45.6% used a private car.

In 2011 the average local and cantonal tax rate on a married resident, with two children, of Souboz making 150,000 CHF was 12.9%, while an unmarried resident's rate was 18.9%. For comparison, the rate for the entire canton in the same year, was 14.2% and 22.0%, while the nationwide rate was 12.3% and 21.1% respectively. In 2009 there were a total of 44 tax payers in the municipality. Of that total, 14 made over 75,000 CHF per year. The average income of the over 75,000 CHF group in Souboz was 104,293 CHF, while the average across all of Switzerland was 130,478 CHF.

Religion
From the, 67 or 58.3% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church, while 15 or 13.0% were Roman Catholic. Of the rest of the population, there were 25 individuals (or about 21.74% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. 5 (or about 4.35% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 3 individuals (or about 2.61% of the population) did not answer the question.

Education
In Souboz about 48.5% of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 12.1% have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 9 who had completed some form of tertiary schooling listed in the census, 77.8% were Swiss men, 22.2% were Swiss women.

The Canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend additional schooling or they may enter an apprenticeship.

During the 2011-12 school year, there were a total of 11 students attending one primary school class in Souboz.

, there were a total of 16 students attending any school in the municipality. Of those, 12 both lived and attended school in the municipality, while 4 students came from another municipality. During the same year, 3 residents attended schools outside the municipality.

title: Souboz


text:
Tavannes

Tavannes is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is located in the French-speaking part of the canton in the Jura mountains.

History
The area around Tavannes was traversed by the early inhabitants of the Helvetic plain because of the natural tunnel through the Jura between the valley of the Suze and the valley of the Birse. Under the Emperor Marcus Aurelius, the Romans improved this road between 161 and 169 AD. The Roman administrator left an inscription in the cliff at Pierre-Pertuis to this effect.

Early mills were built along the Birse, utilizing its water as a source of power. Tavannes was one of the earliest inhabited locations in the district. Its name comes from the ancient Germanic words 'Þahs-winja, ancien haut allemand dahs, germanique *þahsu, « blaireau », et gothique vinja, germanique *venjô, « pâturage » [Perrenot]. ',which means the same as the older German name 'Dachsfelden'.

In the fourth century, as the Roman Empire crumbled, the Burgundians moved into the area around Tavannes. In 630, a monastery was established at Moutier-Grandval, and Tavannes belonged to its possessions.

The first mention of Tavannes (or its Latin equivalent Theisvenna) dates to 866. In 999, King Rudolph III of Burgundy gave the monastery of Moutier-Grandval and all its possessions to the Prince-Bishop of Basel. At Rudolph's death, the district passed into the Holy Roman Empire, to which it belonged for 760 years.

In the spring of 1530, Guillaume Farel preached the Reformation in Tavannes and surrounding areas, with great success. When Tavannes accepted the new faith of the Protestant Reformation, the village church of Saint-Etienne, which was built in 1385, became a Reformed church and remained the only church in Tavannes until the Catholic Church of Christ-Roi was built in 1930.

After the French Revolution, the French Republican Army invaded the district in 1792 and forcibly recruited local soldiers to its ranks. Some were enthusiastic, among them Théophile Voirol, who after rapid promotions, became a general. He later became a French noble and Governor of Algeria.

After the 1797 French victory and the Treaty of Campo Formio, Tavannes became part of the French Département of Mont-Terrible. Three years later, in 1800 it became part of the Département of Haut-Rhin. After Napoleon's defeat and the Congress of Vienna, Tavannes was assigned to the Canton of Bern in 1815. The city government was not established until after the Bishopric of Basel was dissolved in 1797.

The municipality was connected to the growing railroad network in 1874 and by the 1890s was home to several large factories. The establishment of the Tavannes Watch Co. in 1895 turned the village into a major watchmaking center. To house the growing population a number of Swiss chalet and Art nouveau style houses were built between 1900 and 1930. The Royal Cinema opened in 1918 and turned Tavannes into regional cultural center. The population dropped in 1966 when the Tavannes Watch factory closed and dropped again in 1986 when a major manufacturer closed. The population began to slowly increase with the construction of the A16 motorway.

Geography
Tavannes has an area of. As of 2012, a total of 7.12 km2 or 48.2% is used for agricultural purposes, while 6.06 km2 or 41.1% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 1.61 km2 or 10.9% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.01 km2 or 0.1% is either rivers or lakes.

During the same year, housing and buildings made up 5.8% and transportation infrastructure made up 2.8%. Power and water infrastructure as well as other special developed areas made up 1.2% of the area Out of the forested land, 37.9% of the total land area is heavily forested and 3.2% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 14.0% is used for growing crops and 18.0% is pastures and 16.1% is used for alpine pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water.

The municipality is located near the source of the Birs river in the Birs valley.

On 31 December 2009 District de Moutier, the municipality's former district, was dissolved. On the following day, 1 January 2010, it joined the newly created Arrondissement administratif Jura bernois.

Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Azure a Rooster hardi Or crested langued and jelloped Gules on a Mount of 3 Coupeaux Vert.

Demographics
Tavannes has a population of. , 18.7% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2001-2011) the population has changed at a rate of 1.4%. Migration accounted for 1.1%, while births and deaths accounted for 0.2%.

Most of the population speaks French (2,835 or 84.0%) as their first language, German is the second most common (202 or 6.0%) and Italian is the third (122 or 3.6%).

, the population was 49.5% male and 50.5% female. The population was made up of 1,350 Swiss men (38.8% of the population) and 370 (10.6%) non-Swiss men. There were 1,477 Swiss women (42.5%) and 281 (8.1%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 1,041 or about 30.9% were born in Tavannes and lived there in 2000. There were 1,069 or 31.7% who were born in the same canton, while 461 or 13.7% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 675 or 20.0% were born outside of Switzerland.

, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 22.8% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 60.6% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 16.6%.

, there were 1,355 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 1,631 married individuals, 224 widows or widowers and 163 individuals who are divorced.

, there were 612 households that consist of only one person and 91 households with five or more people. , a total of 1,437 apartments (83.8% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 113 apartments (6.6%) were seasonally occupied and 164 apartments (9.6%) were empty. , the construction rate of new housing units was 4.6 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality,, was 1.66%. In 2011, single family homes made up 58.7% of the total housing in the municipality.

The historical population is given in the following chart:

Heritage sites of national significance
The Church of Christ-Roi and the Pierre Pertuis (passage carved into the rock above the Roman road) are listed as Swiss heritage site of national significance. The entire urbanized village of Tavannes is part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites.

The Church of Christ-Roi was built 1928-30 by Adolphe Guyonnet. The church is a simple, open three aisled church with much of the interior decoration by artists of the St. Luke Society (SSL) which was founded in Switzerland in 1924. The mosaic of the resurrection over the main entrance was done by Gino Severini and Louis Barillet. The main altar mosaic and pulpit mosaic of the Good Shepard were the work of Emilio-Maria Beretta. The stained glass is the work of Alexandre Cingria.

The Pierre Pertuis is a Roman era tunnel through the mountains above Tavannes. The tunnel marked the border between the Raurici and Helvetii territories. A 3rd century inscription by Marcus Dunius Paternus is still visible on the north side of the tunnel.

Politics
In the 2011 federal election the most popular party was the Swiss People's Party (SVP) which received 29% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the Social Democratic Party (SP) (28.4%), another local party (7.8%) and the Green Party (7.5%). In the federal election, a total of 819 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 36.2%.

Economy
, Tavannes had an unemployment rate of 2.72%. , there were a total of 1,212 people employed in the municipality. Of these, there were 57 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 21 businesses involved in this sector. 476 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 50 businesses in this sector. 679 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 120 businesses in this sector. There were 1,686 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 43.0% of the workforce.

there were a total of 987 full-time equivalent jobs. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 42, of which 39 were in agriculture and 3 were in forestry or lumber production. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 434 of which 246 or (56.7%) were in manufacturing and 170 (39.2%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 511. In the tertiary sector; 148 or 29.0% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 42 or 8.2% were in the movement and storage of goods, 39 or 7.6% were in a hotel or restaurant, 14 or 2.7% were in the information industry, 14 or 2.7% were the insurance or financial industry, 35 or 6.8% were technical professionals or scientists, 70 or 13.7% were in education and 95 or 18.6% were in health care.

, there were 672 workers who commuted into the municipality and 1,008 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 1.5 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. A total of 678 workers (50.5% of the 1,343 total workers in the municipality) both lived and worked in Tavannes. About 1.0% of the workforce coming into Tavannes are coming from outside Switzerland.

Of the working population, 13.6% used public transportation to get to work, and 60.4% used a private car.

In 2011 the average local and cantonal tax rate on a married resident, with two children, of Tavannes making 150,000 CHF was 13.1%, while an unmarried resident's rate was 19.2%. For comparison, the rate for the entire canton in the same year, was 14.2% and 22.0%, while the nationwide rate was 12.3% and 21.1% respectively. In 2009 there were a total of 1,503 tax payers in the municipality. Of that total, 407 made over 75,000 CHF per year. There were 18 people who made between 15,000 and 20,000 per year. The greatest number of workers, 410, made between 50,000 and 75,000 CHF per year. The average income of the over 75,000 CHF group in Tavannes was 119,231 CHF, while the average across all of Switzerland was 130,478 CHF.

In 2011 a total of 8.5% of the population received direct financial assistance from the government.

Religion
As of the, 1,369 or 40.6% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church, while 1,124 or 33.3% were Roman Catholic. Of the rest of the population, there were 13 members of an Orthodox church (or about 0.39% of the population), there was one individual who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 298 individuals (or about 8.83% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 119 (or about 3.53% of the population) who were Islamic. There were five individuals who were Buddhist and six individuals who belonged to another church. 319 (or about 9.46% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 119 individuals (or about 3.53% of the population) did not answer the question.

Education
In Tavannes about 49.6% of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 11.9% have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 247 who had completed some form of tertiary schooling listed in the census, 59.9% were Swiss men, 27.9% were Swiss women, 8.9% were non-Swiss men and 3.2% were non-Swiss women.

The canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory kindergarten, followed by six years of primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower secondary school, where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower secondary, students may attend additional schooling, or they may enter an apprenticeship.

During the 2011-12 school year, there were a total of 455 students attending classes in Tavannes. There were four kindergarten classes, with a total of 69 students in the municipality. Of the kindergarten students, 13.0% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 10.1% have a different native language than the classroom language. The municipality had 12 primary classes and 241 students. Of the primary students, 14.9% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens), and 14.1% have a different native language than the classroom language. During the same year, there were six lower secondary classes with a total of 111 students. There were 20.7% who were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens), and 26.1% have a different native language than the classroom language. The remainder of the students attended a private or special school.

, there were a total of 469 students attending any school in the municipality. Of those, 415 both lived and attended school in the municipality, while 54 students came from another municipality. During the same year, 83 residents attended schools outside the municipality.

Tavannes is home to the Bibliothèque régionale de Tavannes. The library has 13,301 books or other media and loaned out 38,099 items in the same year. It was open a total of 230 days, with an average of 17.5 hours per week during that year.

Transportation
The municipality has a railway station, Tavannes. It is located on the standard gauge Sonceboz-Sombeval–Moutier line and the narrow gauge Tavannes–Noirmont line and has regular service to Biel/Bienne, Moutier, and Le Noirmont.

Attractions

 * The Big Boss' Festival, a Christian music festival is held here annually.

title: Tavannes