text:
Futureworld

Futureworld is a 1976 American science fiction thriller film directed by Richard T. Heffron and written by Mayo Simon and George Schenck. It is a sequel to the 1973 Michael Crichton film Westworld, and is the second installment in the Westworld franchise. The film stars Peter Fonda, Blythe Danner, Arthur Hill, Stuart Margolin, John Ryan, and Yul Brynner, who makes an appearance in a dream sequence; no other cast member from the original film appears. Westworld's writer-director, Michael Crichton, and the original studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer were not involved in this production. Composer Fred Karlin was retained.

The film attempted to take the plot in a different direction from Westworld, but it was not well received by U.S. critics. French critics appreciated the film more, appearing on the list of best science fiction films ever made in Demain la Science Fiction. It was made by American International Pictures (its predecessor was made by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, which later bought AIP's successor Orion Pictures). A short-lived television series titled Beyond Westworld followed.

Plot
In 1985, two years after the Westworld tragedy, the Delos Corporation owners have reopened the park after spending $1.5 billion in safety improvements, and also shutting down Westworld. For publicity purposes, newspaper reporter Chuck Browning and TV reporter Tracy Ballard are invited to review the park.

Just before the junket is announced, Browning arranges to meet with a Delos employee who promises he has dirt on the corporation. During the meeting, the tipster is shot in the back and dies after giving Browning an envelope.

At the resort, guests choose from four theme parks: Spaworld ("where old age and pain have been eliminated"), Medievalworld, Romanworld and Futureworld. Browning and Ballard choose Futureworld, which simulates an orbiting space station. Robots are available for sex as well as amusements like boxing. They are guided through the resort by Dr. Duffy, who shows them the marvels of Delos, demonstrating that all the problems have been fixed.

The reporters are stunned to find that the Control Center is staffed entirely by robots. That night, their dinners are drugged, and while they sleep, medical tests are conducted so Delos can make clones of them. A visiting Russian general and a Japanese politician are also tested for cloning. Back in her room a few hours later, Ballard wakes in a fright, remembering the experience as a nightmare.

Ballard and Browning sneak out to explore the resort's underground areas. They end up triggering a cloning machine, which generates three samurai from the development of an Eastworld park. Just as they are about to be captured by the samurai, a mechanic named Harry saves them. He takes them back to his quarters, where he cohabits with a mechanic robot he has named Clark after Superman's alter-ego. The reporters interview Harry, but they are interrupted by Dr. Schneider and two security officers, and escorted back to their rooms and kiss.

The following day, while Ballard is testing out a Delos dream-recording device (which includes a dream sequence of being saved by, dancing with, and making out with the Gunslinger), Browning slips out to see Harry. Harry takes him to a locked door that he has never been able to enter, although robots routinely enter. Realizing the key is in the robot's eyes, Harry destroys a robot and steals its face. They return with Ballard and open the door. Inside, they find clones of themselves, as well as clones of the Russian and Japanese leaders. The clones are instructed always to work for the good of Delos and to destroy their originals. Browning explains that his tipster's envelope was filled with clippings about leaders from around the world, realizing that Delos must be cloning the rich and powerful.

The trio decides to flee the resort on the next plane. The reporters return to their apartment where Duffy is waiting for them; he explains that, by cloning world leaders, they can ensure that nothing harms Delos' interests, and that without "proper" guidance, humans will eventually destroy the planet. Cloning the reporters would ensure favorable coverage, letting people forget about the Westworld tragedy. Browning attacks Duffy but is easily overpowered by Duffy's unnatural strength. Ballard shoots the doctor twice, and Browning peels back Duffy's face to reveal that he is a robot.

As Harry races to meet up with the reporters, he runs into Browning's clone, who kills him. Ballard and Browning are then chased by their own duplicates, all the while taunting them with details about their lives. Eventually, one of each pair is killed, though which one is left unclear. When they find each other, Browning seizes and kisses Ballard.

In the end, as they leave the resort with the other guests, Dr. Schneider meets them to make sure they are the clones. The reporters confirm that they will be writing positive reviews for Delos, but, just as they reach the exit, Ballard's badly injured clone stumbles towards him and Schneider realizes too late that he has been fooled. On the jetway, Browning tells Ballard that his editor is running the exposé on Delos, that the whole world will know what they are up to, and that kissing her was his idea to figure out whether or not she was a duplicate.

Cast

 * Peter Fonda as Chuck Browning
 * Blythe Danner as Tracy Ballard
 * Arthur Hill as Dr. Duffy
 * Yul Brynner as the Gunslinger
 * John Ryan as Dr. Morton Schneider
 * Stuart Margolin as Harry Croft
 * James M. Connor as Clark the robot
 * Allen Ludden as game show host
 * Robert Cornthwaite as Mr. Reed
 * Angela Greene as Mrs. Reed
 * Darrell Larson as Eric
 * Nancy Bell as Erica
 * Bert Conroy as Mr. Karnovsky
 * Dorothy Konrad as Mrs. Karnovsky
 * Jim Antonio as Ron Thurlow

Production
The film was developed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, which had produced Westworld. Michael Crichton did not wish to be involved in a sequel, so they approached the original producer Paul Lazarus III. He developed an idea set in a successor world to Westworld where robots are cloning world leaders. He found a writer and developed a script; MGM decided to only make one science fiction film that year, Logan's Run. Futureworld was put into turnaround. Lazarus had trouble finding production and distribution for the film elsewhere, because other studios were confused and wary after MGM passed on it, especially since the original film had been a financial success for MGM. Lazarus was approached by former MGM president James T. Aubrey who said he could get the film made. He arranged financing from Samuel Z. Arkoff's American International Pictures.

Futureworld was the first major feature film to use 3D computer-generated imagery (CGI). CGI was used for an animated hand and face. The animated hand was a digitized version of Edwin Catmull's left hand, taken from his 1972 experimental short subject A Computer Animated Hand. The animated face was taken from Fred Parke's 1974 experimental short subject Faces & Body Parts.

The film also used the 2D technique of digital compositing to materialize characters over the background. Futureworld utilized the "Logan apartment set" from Logan's Run and redressed it to be the Futureworld bar.

Filming
Much of the film was shot in the greater Houston area, including Intercontinental Airport, Jones Hall, and the Johnson Space Center. The film includes a chase scene through the underground pedestrian Houston tunnel system running under the city.

Release
Lazarus admits the film "wasn't a very good picture" but put its poor commercial performance down to the fact that AIP was focusing on its prestige film A Matter of Time (1976).

In 1979, Futureworld became the first modern American film to achieve general theatrical release in China.

Critical reception
Richard Eder panned the film in The New York Times, quoting Ballard's line from the movie, "This is about as exciting as a visit to the water works." Coining his own variation on the phrase, Eder also claimed the film is "as much fun as running barefoot on Astroturf." He added, "It is all the most ordinary kind of hardware science fiction, full of computers and empty of thought." Writing that Danner and Fonda have "absolutely nothing to do" in the film, he concluded that "starring in Futureworld must be the actor's equivalent of going on welfare." Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune gave the film two stars out of four and criticized the "dumb story," although he did think it had "some of the best gadgets since the early James Bond pictures ... Too bad 'Futureworld' didn't dream up more of these gizmos."

Arthur D. Murphy of Variety wrote, "'Futureworld' shapes up a strong sequel to MGM's 'Westworld' of three years ago ... Richard T. Heffron, on his second feature directing work, keeps the personal drama moving smartly through the gadgetry montages." Kevin Thomas of the Los Angeles Times called the film "an extreme rarity, a sequel that's a decided improvement over the original." Gary Arnold of The Washington Post wrote, "Unlike 'Westworld' there's nothing shrewd or compelling behind the events in 'Futureworld,' where the big mystery is just an old wheeze—the managers of the park are power-hungry scientists who clone influential guests and order the clones to dispose of the originals." John Pym of The Monthly Film Bulletin expressed disappointment that the scriptwriters neglected to explore the interesting implications of self-programming robots and instead "seem content to do little more than lead the players through the standard diversions of a caper movie."

On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 36% based on eleven reviews, with an average grade of 4.7 out of 10.

Alternative version
For its initial television broadcast, an alternative version of the scene where Browning gives the finger to Dr. Schneider was shot. Instead, he performs a bras d'honneur.

Home media
, Futureworld was released on VHS, CED, LaserDisc and DVD in the United States from MGM in December 2010, as well as being released in a number of foreign territories in the DVD format. On December 2, 2011, Futureworld was released in Germany on Blu-ray (German and English audio tracks). The digital release is in the widescreen format.

Shout! Factory released Futureworld on Blu-ray on March 26, 2013.

title: Futureworld


text:
Harry Solomon

Harry S. Solomon is a character in 3rd Rock from the Sun, played by French Stewart. He is the brother of Dick Solomon and Sally Solomon, and the uncle of Tommy Solomon. His middle initial is mentioned in the episode "Dick the Vote." French Stewart said in a 1998 interview, "The way the character was originally described to me was he would be an idiot on any planet. So he's got to be the biggest idiot in the universe!"

Mission
In the early episodes, Harry, unlike the rest of the "family," didn't seem to have any definable role in the expedition. During the opening credits of the first season, James Earl Jones, acting as narrator, states that "well-- they had an extra seat" in reference to him.

After the discovery that he has a "transmitter" implanted in his brain (which, apparently, takes up half the space in his head) for the purposes of communication with the home planet, he takes the title of "Communications Officer," which the others agree to so he doesn't feel left out. Foreshadowing this discovery, Harry explains that his "mother was a cold receptacle and [his] father was just a machine," indicating that, unlike the rest of the family, he is a cyborg.

According to an interview with French Stewart on the 3rd Rock from the Sun First Season DVD, Harry was related to/knew an important alien back on the homeworld, and that his position was a sinecure.

Communication was usually initiated without warning, either from the Big Giant Head himself, or his office. Upon contact, Harry is "taken over" entirely. The first signs are always physical - he immediately shudders violently, garbles incoherently, then adopts a stance with bent knees and upraised arms, palms forward. The message itself is always preceded with "Incoming message from the Big Giant Head!" or "Transmission incoming from the Big Giant Head!", followed by the message, spoken in a voice unlike his usual one.

When the message is completed, the exit statement is always "Resume normal functions in three ... two ... one ...", or later "transmission ending in three ... two ... one ...", after which he shudders, performs a dance-like movement, belches, or sneezes. Returning to normal he usually inquires "So what did I miss?...", indicating that he doesn't know what he had said.

In the season 4 premiere, Harry opens a transmission line to the Big Giant Head in order to send an overdue status report.

Love life
In contrast to what would be expected of someone as weird and apparently unsophisticated as Harry, he seems a very adept lover and often has interludes with those that might be considered "out of his league," though this did not stop him from maintaining a haphazard relationship with Mrs. Dubcek's daughter Vicki. The two often have conversations as if they were in a porno, similar to how Sally and Don often have conversations like an old crime drama. Their relationship was often interrupted; examples include Vicky's commitment to physical and spiritual purity to the point that she becomes celibate, and her pregnancy with the Big Giant Head's child.

At one point (in part one of the series finale "The Thing That Wouldn't Die"), Harry arranges a date with a clerk, Sam, then sees her again as hostess at a restaurant and makes a date with her again, as "Samantha", which she feels more appropriate for the atmosphere. Harry, not realizing that this is the same person using her legal name, thinks he has made dates with twins.

Other affairs have included a well-toned policewoman named Janice (played by Chyna), a woman at the laundromat, a single mother (owner of the lost dog Scruffy) and Dick's office assistant Nina Campbell. In the series finale, Harry revealed that he had a long-lasting secret relationship with Mrs. Dubcek.

Life as a human
Harry in general serves as the slapstick comic foil for the show, even having an entire section of the clip show episode "7 Deadly Clips" dedicated to clips of him hurting himself or being hit. The typical "funny points" involve a great deal of running into things or being hit. In addition to the physical comedy that Harry brings to the show, his naivety and slow-wittedness are other sources of amusement, especially when his apparent stupidity gives way to absurdity, such as when Harry declares it is his mission to "bring electricity to the people of Earth." Tommy informs him that humans have electricity, so Harry concludes that "my work here is done."

In contrast to the frequent exhibition of a total lack of intelligence, Harry at one point speaks fluent French to Dick, and has a natural talent for the arts. He is always with his eyes half-opened. Despite his aptitude with the physical aspects of the opposite sex, Harry seems incapable of fully functioning in a common social situation. Often he will run off on a mission to right some irrelevant wrong and not realize the "offender" is conceding and will then proceed to take physical and occasionally violent action. Harry held several positions in the "working world." Among them, he served as a representative for Orca Cosmetics for Men, worked in a movie rental store, and as a bartender. For all his haphazard antics, however, Harry (ironically) seems to be the only member of the team fully comfortable with life on earth.

Alternate universe
In the season six two-part episode "Dick'll Take Manhattan", in which Dick, Harry and Sally enter into an alternate universe, Harry is employed as the President of NBC, while Mrs. Dubcek is his secretary.

Behind the scenes
Harry's distinctive squint was invented by French Stewart as he auditioned for the role. The look soon became Harry's signature. "It's sort of the equivalent of your mother telling you not to make faces because they might stick that way forever. Well, I've now got a face that's stuck," said Stewart in an interview. "But it's worth it. People respond to Harry, and the squint is probably a big part of his appeal. So, I'm just riding it for all it's worth."

Harry Solomon also became the focus of 3rd Rock from the Sun ' s physical comedy. "If someone is going to fall, walk funny or get hit, then it's going to be Harry," writes journalist T.D. Mobley-Martinez. In a 1997 interview, Stewart remarked, "What I try to do is to make these things seem like Warner Brothers cartoons -- make the impossible seem possible. But sometimes you pay for it the next day. I do bits sometimes, and I wake up with bruises and huge rug burns all over my legs."

According to Stewart, one of his most difficult stunts was contorting his body to play as the communicator for the Big Giant Head. "I wasn't sure that I had nailed that until I realized how much pain I was in doing it. Now I'm just afraid that 20 years from now, I'm going to be going to sci-fi conventions and they're going to ask me to do the Big Giant Head bit and I'll wind up a cripple," he said.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Harry Solomon


text:
Talk:Duff Cooper

Requested move
Duff Cooper, 1st Viscount Norwich → Duff Cooper – most commonly used name -- Deb 20:50, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Add *Support or *Oppose followed by an optional one sentence explanation, then sign your vote with ~

 * Support. I see no problem with moving the current article to Duff Cooper (which is where anyone, I think, would expect to find it). Not sure about his son yet. Mackensen (talk) 00:53, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Against wikipedia policy: Naming conventions (names and titles). Redirects take care of usage in these cases Philip Baird Shearer 14:27, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Support - with Mackensen - this falls clearly under the exception to the peerage title naming rule. john k 15:58, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Support: use common name. Jonathunder 18:47, 2005 August 21 (UTC)
 * Support; per Mackensen. Septentrionalis 19:09, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Against wikipedia policy of naming conventions. – AxSkov ( ☏ ) 08:39, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Support, yes, the policy when we wrote it originally allows (nay, demands) for this. James F. (talk) 20:12, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose against wikipedia policy on naming nobles. Gryffindor [[Image:Flag of Austria (state).svg|20px]] 14:58, August 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support --Francis Schonken 21:42, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

This article has been renamed after the result of a move request. Dragons flight 04:28, August 31, 2005 (UTC)

Discussion

 * Add any additional comments

I think it is a bit silly to include the whole of Duff Cooper's title in the title of this article. As the article correctly states, he is universally known as Duff Cooper. Even sillier, however, is having his son listed as John Julius Cooper, 2nd Viscount Norwich, when he is even more universally known as John Julius Norwich. I'm therefore requesting a move for both articles. Deb 20:48, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I don't think this will succeed. When I first stumbled across the Wikipedia conventions for peerage titles, I thought it was silly to have pages called Horatio Nelson, 1st Lord Nelson and Alfred Tennyson, 1st Baron Tennyson, too. But the consensus is definitely that that's Wikipedia style. Don't fight it. :) (See Naming conventions (names and titles).) --Quuxplusone 01:54, 21 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes, but Deb and I are the sorts who pushed through those rules in the first place ;). There's an exception for most common name. Duff Cooper is never known as Lord Norwich, whereas Tennyson is often known by his title (ditto Nelson). The issue with Tennyson and Nelson was the correct and unambiguous rendering of their title. In this situation, the issue is whether to note it in the article title at all. Mackensen (talk) 12:52, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * In my copy of wikipedia, Nelson is under Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson in any case! Deb 15:55, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Good catch. But then I don't understand your reasoning, since clearly (to me, at least :) nobody knows Lord Nelson as "Viscount Nelson"! What's the point of allowing this single exemption from the general rule? (Well, two exemptions.) --Quuxplusone 00:45, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, the matter is somewhat complicated, but I'll put it as simply as I can. Lord so-and-so is accepted shorthand for all British peers below the rank of duke (baron, viscount, earl, and marquess). While Nelson was properly titled Viscount Nelson, he could be referred to as Lord Nelson. However, that was not his actual title. The only peers who are titled thusly are lords of parliament, and there aren't many of those about. Of course, further confusing matters, many barons are often simply called lords, because barons aren't a big deal. However, the proper title is still baron, not lord. Now, moving on towards your main point, Duff Cooper was made a peer late in his life, becoming Viscount Norwich. That's his proper title. He could also be called "Lord Norwich," as I did above. However, he was rarely known as such, especially as the "important" part of his life occurred when he was still a commoner. The naming guidelines recognize that there are situations when someone is best known by a name other than their final/eventual legal one (see also Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh). Duff Cooper represents one of these exceptions. Mackensen (talk) 01:06, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

Against wikipedia policy: Naming conventions (names and titles). Redirects take care of usage in these cases Philip Baird Shearer 14:27, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Actually, Duff Cooper falls under the exception (" or for any other reason are known exclusively by their personal names, do not include the peerage dignity.") No one calls him Lord Norwich; I imagine many don't even realize he was made a peer. Mackensen (talk) 15:16, 21 August 2005 (UTC)

In other words, if a title is used at all, use the formal and correct one, with numeral; but if the title is not used (as with Bertrand Russell), follow usage. Sounds good to me. Septentrionalis 19:09, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I suppose Frederick Leighton is called Lord Leighton, retrospectively. Septentrionalis 19:09, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

Major Omissions
In the info box Duff Cooper's spells as First Lord of the Admiralty and as Minister of Information have been omitted! Norvo (talk) 01:34, 21 June 2013 (UTC)

He was a member of The Other Club by 1938/the appeasement crisis.78.16.109.74 (talk) 13:06, 5 December 2018 (UTC)

Flesh on the bones, please
Cooper played a significant role in the Egyptian and Turkish crises in the early 1920s.
 * If his role was significant, we ought to know something about it. Valetude (talk) 12:33, 6 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Exactly. See also the point below. No Great Shaker (talk) 22:34, 23 January 2021 (UTC)
 * Depends what you mean by "significant". That is perhaps the wrong word as he was a civil servant doing what he had been ordered to do - but Egypt took up most of his time and he was involved in a lot of the twists and turns. It is covered in his own memoirs and in the 1980s John Charmley biog.Paulturtle (talk) 14:12, 13 April 2021 (UTC) You will note also that his maiden speech in the House in 1924 was on Egypt, so he was regarded as a bit of an expert on the subject.Paulturtle (talk) 04:56, 28 May 2021 (UTC)

Norway Debate
While Cooper contributed to the debate and voted against Chamberlain, it is absolutely wrong to assert that he played a significant part. Compared with Keyes, Amery and Lloyd George, Cooper was just jumping on the bandwagon. The UNSOURCED OPINION has been removed. No Great Shaker (talk) 22:25, 23 January 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Duff Cooper


text:
2005 Turkish Grand Prix

The 2005 Turkish Grand Prix (officially the 2005 Formula 1 Turkish Grand Prix) was a Formula One motor race held on 21 August 2005 at Istanbul Park, Tuzla, Turkey. It was the fourteenth race of the 2005 FIA Formula One World Championship and the inaugural Turkish Grand Prix.

The 58-lap race was won by Finnish driver Kimi Räikkönen, driving a McLaren-Mercedes. Räikkönen took his fifth victory of the season after starting from pole position and leading every lap. Räikkönen's Colombian teammate, Juan Pablo Montoya, ran second until he collided with a backmarker and then ran wide in the closing laps, allowing Spaniard Fernando Alonso through in his Renault.

With five races remaining, Alonso led the Drivers' Championship by 24 points from Räikkönen, while Renault's lead over McLaren in the Constructors' Championship was nine points.

Friday drivers
The bottom six teams in the 2004 Constructors' Championship were entitled to run a third car in free practice on Friday. These drivers drove on Friday but did not compete in qualifying or the race.

Qualifying

 * Takuma Sato was found guilty of blocking Mark Webber and was relegated to the back of the grid, behind Michael Schumacher who had a spin at Turn 9 and had his V10 engine changed following qualification. Sato was unaware of Webber approaching as he had been reported to have no radio contact with the BAR team.
 * Robert Doornbos failed to set a time after his Minardi's brakes caught fire due to an incorrect brake pipe fitting.
 * Narain Karthikeyan's Jordan suffered two engine failures.

Race

 * Michael Schumacher and Mark Webber collided on lap 14. The rear suspension of Schumacher's Ferrari was damaged, but after repairs he rejoined the race to improve his qualifying slot for the next race in Italy by three positions. Webber's Williams lost the nose cone.
 * Felipe Massa lost the front wing and bargeboard from his Sauber in a first-corner collision with the Williams of former teammate Nick Heidfeld. After replacements were fitted, Massa continued racing until his engine failed on lap 29.
 * Both Williams cars retired from the race due to right-rear tyre failures - Webber on lap 21 and Heidfeld on lap 30.
 * Juan Pablo Montoya was running second on the penultimate lap when he clashed with the Jordan of Tiago Monteiro, damaging his diffuser. On the next lap Montoya ran straight ahead at Turn 8, allowing Fernando Alonso to pass him.
 * Montoya's fastest lap was over two seconds faster than his teammate's qualifying time.

Championship standings after the race

 * Bold text and an asterisk indicates who still has a theoretical chance of becoming World Champion.

 * Drivers' Championship standings

 * Constructors' Championship standings

 * Note: Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings.

title: 2005 Turkish Grand Prix


text:
Stad Amsterdam

The Stad Amsterdam (City of Amsterdam) is a three-masted clipper that was built in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, in 2000 at the Damen Shipyard.

The ship was designed by Gerard Dijkstra who modelled her after the mid-19th century frigate Amsterdam, but she is not a replica. A major difference is that the hull is made of steel. The owners call the ship a "modern extreme clipper in historical perspective", meaning that the construction method is a combination of the best qualities of clippers of the past, outfitted and built with modern techniques but with a classic "look and feel". She is a very fast ship, with 15 knots being a normal speed. She won the 2001 Cutty Sark Tall Ships' Race.

She is rigged with double topsails on the fore and main mast and a single topsail on the mizzen. She has royals on all masts and a skysail on the main mast. The building of the hull in 1997/98 was used as a work experience project for the unemployed (e.g. metalworking and welding). The ship was first presented to the public at the 2000 edition of SAIL Amsterdam. During the 2005, 2010 and 2015 editions of the event she was the flagship.

The Stad Amsterdam is used for training and as a charter-ship for guests. The crew is international and the official language on board is English. Her home port is Amsterdam.

In September 2009 Stad Amsterdam was refitted to accommodate a televised research expedition, tracing the second voyage of HMS Beagle (1831–1836). The ship re-sailed the route of the Beagle in approximately 8 months while collecting information to allow comparison between Charles Darwin's Beagle observations and the current ones. The show was aired by the Dutch public broadcaster VPRO as Beagle: In Darwin's Wake (Beagle: In het kielzog van Darwin).

The Stad Amsterdam celebrated her 15th anniversary at the five-day SAIL Amsterdam 2015 tall ships festival in August 2015. The occasion was commemorated with the publication of a book about the ship, with contributions from Eberhard van der Laan - then the Mayor of Amsterdam - and the co-founder of the ship, Frits Goldschmeding. The book was co-created by former quartermaster Bart Huijs, and the sculptor and photographer, Anthony Smith.

Specifications

 * Full-rigged tall ship
 * Deck Length: 60.5 m
 * Length overall: 76 m
 * Beam: 10.5 m
 * Air draught (height): 46.3 m
 * Draught: 4.8 m
 * Sail area: 2200 m² (29 sails)
 * Crew: 32
 * Water displacement: 1083 m³
 * Tonnage: 723 BRT
 * Engine: 749 kW (1014 hp)
 * Speed under engine: 11 knots
 * Speed under sail: 16.5 knots
 * Passengers for daytrips: 120 max
 * Passengers multi-day trips: 58 max
 * Cabins for 2/4 persons: 13
 * Cabins for 3/6 persons: 1
 * Building cost: approximately €10 million

title: Stad Amsterdam


text:
Ancoats and Clayton

Ancoats and Clayton was an electoral district or ward in the north of the City of Manchester in North West England. The population of this ward at the 2011 census was 16,141. It includes the Ancoats and Clayton districts and part of the Northern Quarter. Under boundary changes by the Local Government Boundary Commission for England (LGBCE) the ward was abolished and replaced with the new electoral wards Ancoats and Beswick, Clayton and Openshaw, and Piccadilly from May 2018.

Governance
Voters from the ward elected three councillors to Manchester City Council.

 * Councillors

indicates seat up for re-election. indicates seat won in by-election. indicates ward abolished and replaced with Ancoats and Beswick, Clayton and Openshaw and Piccadilly.

title: Ancoats and Clayton


text:
Chodov (Sokolov District)

Chodov (Chodau) is a town in Sokolov District in the Karlovy Vary Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 13,000 inhabitants.

Administrative parts
The village of Stará Chodovská is an administrative part of Chodov.

Etymology
The name is derived from the personal Slavic name Chod, meaning "the village of Chod's people".

Geography
Chodov is located about 9 km northeast of Sokolov and 7 km west of Karlovy Vary. It lies mostly in the Sokolov Basin, only the northernmost part of the municipal territory extends into the Ore Mountains and includes the highest point of Chodov at 521 m above sea level. The stream of Chodovský potok flows through the town. There are several bodies of water in the municipal territory, most notably the artificial lake Bílá voda, used for recreational purposes.

History
Chodov was originally a Slavic settlement. The Slavic colonisation was not successful and in the Middle Ages this part of Bohemia was colonised by Germans. In the 12th–13th century Chodov belonged to the Waldsassen Abbey and in the 14th–17th century was ruled from Loket. In 1894 Chodov was promoted to a town and got the right to use its own coat of arms.

From 1938 to 1945 it was annexed by Nazi Germany and administered as part of Reichsgau Sudetenland. Until the end of World War II the town was inhabited mostly by Germans. After the war, the German population was expelled and the town was resettled by Czechs. In the 1960s a big chemical factory was built in nearby Vřesová and then new housing estates were built for Czech and Slovak workers who moved here.

Economy
The largest employer based in the town is SKF Lubrication Systems CZ, a manufacturer of lubrication systems. It employs more than 500 people.

Transport
Chodov lies on interregional railway lines Prague–Cheb and Plzeň–Karlovy Vary. In addition, it is connected to Loket by a short local line.

Sights
The most significant building is the Church of St. Lawrence, built by the constructor Johann Wolfgang Braunbock. It was built in the Baroque style in 1725–1733. In the interior there is a Stations of the Cross, which consists of fourteen large canvases. It is the work of regional artists from the 18th and 19th centuries, which is rare in its dimensions and its age.

In front of the church there is the early Baroque statue of St. Sebastian from 1673. Another early Baroque statue is the Virgin Mary on the Marian column from 1675, located on the town square.

The other church in the town belongs to the Evangelical Church of Czech Brethren.

Notable people

 * Willi Huttig (1909–2001), German photographer and alpinist

Twin towns – sister cities
Chodov is twinned with:
 * 🇩🇪 Oelsnitz, Germany
 * 🇩🇪 Waldsassen, Germany

title: Chodov (Sokolov District)


text:
Talk:John Julius Norwich

Requested move
John Julius Cooper, 2nd Viscount Norwich → John Julius Norwich – most commonly used name. These may be controversial because of interpretation of the naming conventions. Deb 20:50, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Add *Support or *Oppose followed by an optional one sentence explanation, then sign your vote with ~

 * Oppose. Against wikipedia policy: Naming conventions (names and titles). Redirects take care of common usage in these cases. Philip Baird Shearer 14:30, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Support This case falls clearly into the range of exceptions-due-to-never-being-called-by-peerage-title.  The full name can go at the beginning of the article. john k 15:57, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Use common name. Jonathunder 17:31, 2005 August 21 (UTC)
 * Oppose. – AxSkov ( ☏ ) 08:36, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Support, yes, the policy when we wrote it originally allows (nay, demands) for this. James F. (talk) 20:12, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose against wikipedia policy on naming nobles. Gryffindor [[Image:Flag of Austria (state).svg|20px]] 14:58, August 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. The 2nd viscount stuff is not part of common use. CDThieme 16:04, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. --Francis Schonken 21:41, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

This article has been renamed after the result of a move request. Dragons flight 04:29, August 31, 2005 (UTC)

Discussion

 * Add any additional comments

I'm proposing a move for this page because the subject is a successful author, historian and media personality and is never known by his full title. See also Talk:Duff Cooper, 1st Viscount Norwich (his dad). Deb 20:50, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

 * comment: of course I know him as John Julius Norwich, or just as "Norwich", but that may be just only because I have half a dozen of his books in my bookshelf. But I have also heard/read him called as Lord Norwich. I am not sure whether the consistency of naming should still be preserved. Arrigo 07:33, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

My Word

 * He was host of the popular BBC radio panel game My Word! for four years.

For which period, exactly? 1976-1980, or...? --Jim Henry 23:44, 8 October 2006 (UTC)

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title: Talk:John Julius Norwich


text:
List of Zimbabwe ODI cricketers

This is a list of Zimbabwean One-day International cricketers displaying career statistics for all players that have represented Zimbabwe in at least one One Day International (ODI). An ODI is an international cricket match between two representative teams, each having ODI status, as determined by the International Cricket Council (ICC). An ODI differs from Test matches in that the number of overs per team is limited, and that each team has only one innings. The list is arranged in the order in which each player won his first ODI cap. Where more than one player won his first ODI cap in the same match, those players are listed alphabetically by surname.

Players
Statistics are correct as of 11 January 2024.

title: List of Zimbabwe ODI cricketers


text:
User talk:StarDrifter

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Dunc|☺ 20:51, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
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title: User talk:StarDrifter


text:
Movement for Reform Judaism

Reform Judaism, formally the Movement for Reform Judaism (MRJ) and known as Reform Synagogues of Great Britain until 2005, is one of the two World Union for Progressive Judaism–affiliated denominations in the United Kingdom. Reform is relatively traditional in comparison with its smaller counterpart, Liberal Judaism, though it does not regard Jewish law as binding. As of 2010, it was the second-largest Jewish religious group in the United Kingdom, with 19.4% of synagogue-member households. On 17 April 2023, Reform Judaism and Liberal Judaism announced their intention to merge as one single unified progressive Jewish movement. The new movement, which may be called Progressive Judaism, will represent about 30% of British Jewry who are affiliated to synagogues.

Belief and practice
The denomination shares the basic tenets of Reform Judaism (alternatively known also as Progressive or Liberal) worldwide: a theistic, personal God; an ongoing revelation, under the influence of which all scripture was written – but not dictated by providence – that enables contemporary Jews to reach new religious insights without necessarily being committed to the conventions of the past; regarding the ethical and moral values of Judaism as its true essence, while ritual and practical observance are means to achieve spiritual elation and not an end to themselves – and therefore, rejecting the binding nature of Jewish law; a belief in the coming of a Messianic era rather than a personal Messiah, and in immortality of the soul only, instead of bodily resurrection. Prayers referring to such concepts were omitted from the liturgy, and traditional practices abolished or altered considerably.

Although Reform Judaism in the UK does subscribe to these views, held also by Liberal Judaism and the American Union for Reform Judaism, several factors made it more moderate and less prone to modify old forms. Its constituency was socially conservative and it attempted to appeal to potential newcomers from the Centrist Orthodox majority in British Jewry; renewed traditionalism by all WUPJ members since the 1970s also motivated Reform Judaism in the UK to adopt once discarded elements. Though it does not consider itself halakhic, it has been sometimes compared to American Conservative Judaism – the sociological functions of which as an "intermediate" movement it indeed filled, especially since the "Assembly of Masorti Synagogues" was only established in 1985 and is very small – while Liberals are more reminiscent of US Reform.

Reform liturgy had always contained a high proportion of Hebrew or Aramaic, while the Liberals and American Reform abridged theirs and introduced much English. Since the 1970s, formerly excised blessings (like those on phylacteries) were returned. Reform Judaism in the UK observes dietary laws and the Sabbath to a considerable degree in the public sphere. It has a get-like divorce document issued by its rabbinic court, and conversion requires circumcision by males and ablution by both sexes. Egalitarianism did not become prevalent in most synagogues until the 2000s, although the first female rabbi, Jackie Tabick, was ordained in 1975. Mixed seating was only accepted just before and during World War II.

Recognition of Jews by patrilineal descent was affirmed in 2015. Reform Judaism currently ordains female and LGBT clergy, conducts LGBT marriages and has egalitarian services, counting women for minyan and allowing them full participation. Girls have their bat mitzvah at 13, the same age as boys have their bar mitzvah. Reform Judaism is welcoming to non-Jewish spouses; while the Assembly maintains "clear opposition" to involvement in interfaith unions, since 2012 it allows rabbis to conduct celebratory events as long as the ceremony does not involve clergy or motifs from other religions, or conversely those of a Jewish wedding, like a ritual canopy.

Organisational structure
As of 2023, Reform Judaism has 42 synagogues, of which 40 are located in England, and, among those, 12 in Greater London. There is one congregation in Cardiff and one in Glasgow. As of 2010, Reform Judaism had 16,125 member households, accounting for 19.4% of synagogue-affiliated Jewish families in Britain and roughly 14% of the total Jewish population.

All of the synagogues are autonomous, owned and financed by their members who also hire their own local rabbi independently. All clergy are members of the Assembly of Reform Rabbis and Cantors, which publishes Reform prayerbooks and determines policy in religious matters. The denomination is led by the Movement CEO, while the Chair of the Assembly represents and organises the rabbis. It maintains a rabbinical court (Beth Din), located at the Sternberg Centre in London. The Reform Bet Din's decisions are recognised worldwide by all WUPJ affiliates. Alongside the clergy, lay leadership is provided by a board of delegates, the chair of which represents Reform Judaism in the Board of Deputies.

Through its work for the welfare and development of young people, Reform Judaism is a member of the National Council for Voluntary Youth Services (NCVYS). It trains its clergy at the Leo Baeck College, London, which is shared with Liberal Judaism. While British Reform Judaism and British Liberal Judaism are both WUPJ affiliates and cooperate in many fields, such as outreach to the religiously non-active and interfaith families, the two organisations have previously stressed that they "retain their autonomy and distinct identities". However, on 17 April 2023, in announcing that Rabbi Josh Levy would take up the post of its chief executive from 1 May 2023, the Movement for Reform Judaism said that Rabbi Levy would work in partnership with Rabbi Charley Baginsky, chief executive of Liberal Judaism, on the creation of a unified movement in the United Kingdom for Progressive Judaism.

Prior to Levy taking office, MRJ's board was led by the joint Vice-Chairs, Michael Harris and Paul Langsford. Rabbis Kathleen Middleton and James Baaden co-chair the Assembly of Reform Rabbis and Cantors. Rabbi Jackie Tabick was Convenor of the Reform Bet Din until 2023. She was succeeded by Rabbi Jonathan Romain. Sir Trevor Chinn is President.

History
In the 1820s and 1830s, a small intellectual current arose in English Jewry, influenced by the Anglican environment which laid great emphasis on the Bible alone and scorned the Jews for valuing the Talmud. Represented by such figures as Isaac D'Israeli, they were sometimes named "neo-Karaites", though their actual knowledge of Karaism was scant. This group rejected rabbinic authority and espoused a bibliocentric view.

Concurrently, wealthy members of the Sephardi Mocatta and Ashkenazi Goldsmid families, who were related by marriage, were complaining about lack of decorum and rigid regulations in the Bevis Marks and Great Synagogue of London, respectively. The Mocattas were forced to walk miles on the Sabbath as an old communal ordinance banned forming prayer groups in a radius of ten miles from Bevis; Isaac Goldsmid vied for more clout with the wardens, and repeatedly protested against the protracted blessings for family members during services. They were also inclined to worship together. Eventually, a group of Mocattas, Goldsmids, Montefiores and other supporters withdrew from their two congregations on 15 April 1840, declaring their intention to found a house of worship for neither Sephardi nor Ashkenazi, but "British Jews". They appointed David Woolf Marks to lead services in their new West London Synagogue, dedicated on 27 January 1842. A former reader in Liverpool, he was deeply influenced by the "neo-Karaite" tendency and refused to cantillate the Torah on the second day of festivals, grounded only in rabbinic tradition. His stance suited the secessionists mainly on the practical level; Most never cared much for the bibliocentric issue but were content to abolish the second day.

Although the term "Reform" was occasionally conferred on the congregation, Todd Endelman stressed that they were "unique and owed nothing" to the continental movement. Jakob Josef Petuchowski emphasised that Marks' philosophy was the polar opposite to that espoused by the German founding fathers of Reform Judaism. The latter regarded the Beatified Sages as geniuses and progressives who developed Rabbinic Law further. Marks granted the Written Torah alone divine status, refused to call himself rabbi but insisted on "reverend", and even translated the Kaddish into Hebrew, viewing Aramaic prayer as a later rabbinic corruption. In his new prayerbook and Passover Haggadah, he excised or reinstated various elements, always contrary to rabbinic tradition. Petitions for the Return to Zion under the Messiah and reinstitution of sacrifices, rejected by Continental Reform, did not concern the English at all. West London was subject to a harsh denunciation and de facto ex-communication by Chief Rabbi Solomon Hirschell in 1842.

In 1856, tensions in Manchester were increasing, as many in the community sought greater autonomy from the authoritarian new Chief Rabbi Nathan Marcus Adler and regarded local Rabbi Solomon Marcus Schiller-Szinessy with disfavour. On 25 March 1858 the dissident "Manchester Congregation of British Jews" was dedicated. They adopted Marks' prayerbook but retained the second day of festivals. Their motives were far more political than principally religious. In 1872, a third English synagogue withdrew from Adler's jurisdiction, the Bradford Jewish Association. Unlike the rest, Bradford was clearly influenced by developments in Continental Europe: the founders were mostly German Jews, as was their first rabbi, Joseph Strauss. The three breakaway congregations were neither organised together nor had a consistent religious philosophy. Marks' "neo-Karaism", which was never very important to ordinary constituents in West London, virtually died with him. His successor, Rabbi Morris Joseph, was dismissed by the Orthodox in 1890 for evincing doubt about the prayers concerning the sacrifices but was of little conviction. His moderate style brought a rapprochement with the United Synagogue.

At the turn of the century, Claude Montefiore emerged as the most important religious philosopher among Anglo-Jewry. Montefiore, whose mother attended West London Synagogue, studied at the Berlin Hochschule für die Wissenschaft des Judentums and was a disciple of the teachings of German Reformers Abraham Geiger and Samuel Holdheim. His Jewish Religious Union (JRU), the antecedent of British Liberal Judaism, was as purist and radical as American Reform Judaism, if not exceeding it. He too emphasised the ethical aspects as the essence of religion, instituted drastic ritual reforms – over half of the Liberal liturgy was in English, men were bareheaded and sat together with women, the practical observance was not only ignored by the public (as was the case in the United Synagogue, too) but officially discarded. While the three nonconformist synagogues did not emulate the JRU, it did influence them toward greater modifications, albeit yet inconsistent. In 1919, the St. George synagogue, appealing for unaffiliated East End Jews, was opened by Basil Henriques. It was alternatively sponsored by both West London and the Liberals.

The first of the three breakaway synagogues to adopt full-fledged Reform Judaism was West London. After the retirement of Rabbi Joseph in 1929, it hired Harold F Reinhart, a Hebrew Union College graduate who served as a rabbi in several congregations of the Union of American Hebrew Congregations. Within a year, Reinhart brought the synagogue into the recently established World Union for Progressive Judaism (WUPJ), albeit retaining a relatively conservative ritual, consistent with the congregation's sensibilities. Though both were WUPJ affiliates, cooperation and competition alike characterised relations with the Liberal ULPS as a growing interest in non-Orthodox forms emerged among the wider public. A Glasgow printer named Samuel Ginsberg was impressed with what he saw in West London and opened the Glasgow Progressive Synagogue in 1932. In 1933, Reinhart sponsored the establishment of the North Western Reform Synagogue at Golders Green. In 1935, a group at Edgware seceded from the United Synagogue and formed the Edgware & District Reform Synagogue, again under West London's guidance.

A movement only arose with the arrival of some 40,000 Jewish refugees from Nazi Germany. While worldwide Reform Judaism originated there, the nature of German communities limited what was known as "Liberal Judaism" to the status of a tendency within unified congregations which had to accommodate traditionalist members. German Liberals were relatively conservative (for example, maintaining mainly-Hebrew liturgy, head coverings for men, and separate seating for men and for women), and found the British Liberal synagogues far too radical. The moderation of the independent nonconformist ones suited them better, and immigrants overwhelmed West London and the others. They also brought along a cadre of 35 Hochschule-trained rabbis, most prominently Ignaz Maybaum and Werner van der Zyl who were aided by Reinhart in finding new posts at Britain. Harmonising ritual and religious approach to a great measure, they made their loosely related communities quite uniform. One that remained independent and strongly clung to German Liberal worship was Belsize Square Synagogue.

On 4 January 1942, representatives from the West London, North Western, St. George Settlement, Glasgow, Manchester and Bradford synagogues met at the Midland Hotel, Manchester and founded the Associated British Synagogues, later renamed Associated Synagogues of Great Britain. The ASGB joined the WUPJ as a whole in 1945. In 1956, it cooperated with the ULPS to establish the Leo Baeck College for training rabbis. In 1958, it adopted the name Reform Synagogues of Great Britain, which would last until 2005.

On 17 April 2023, Reform Judaism and the Liberal movement announced their intention to merge and form a single progressive Jewish movement.

Living people

 * Rabbi Tony Bayfield (born 1946), head of the Movement for Reform Judaism from 1994 (when the organisation was known as Reform Synagogues of Great Britain) until 2011, and former President of the Movement for Reform Judaism (2011–16)
 * Rabbi Mark Goldsmith (born 1963), Senior Rabbi at Edgware & Hendon Reform Synagogue since 2019
 * Rabbi Laura Janner-Klausner (born 1963), broadcaster and former Senior Rabbi to the Movement for Reform Judaism (2011–20);  Rabbi at Bromley Reform Synagogue since 2022
 * Rabbi Josh Levy, Chief Executive of the Movement of Reform Judaism since May 2023
 * Rabbi Professor Jonathan Magonet (born 1942), who was the first full-time principal of Leo Baeck College (1985–2005)
 * Rabbi Julia Neuberger, Baroness Neuberger (born 1950), former Senior Rabbi at West London Synagogue and the second woman to be ordained as a rabbi in the UK
 * Rabbi Dr Jonathan Romain (born 1954), writer, broadcaster, former minister of Maidenhead Synagogue and, since 2023, convenor of the Movement for Reform Judaism's Beit Din
 * Rabbi Sybil Sheridan (born 1953), Chair of the Assembly of Reform Rabbis UK (2013–15); Rabbi at Newcastle Reform Synagogue and previously Rabbi at West London Synagogue
 * Rabbi Jackie Tabick (born 1948), Britain's first female rabbi in 1975, and convenor of the Movement for Reform Judaism's Beit Din (2012–2023), the first woman in the role

Historical figures

 * Rabbi Lionel Blue (1930–2016), broadcaster and former European Director of the World Union for Progressive Judaism
 * Rabbi Hugo Gryn (1928–1996), broadcaster and Senior Rabbi at West London Synagogue
 * Rabbi Werner van der Zyl (1902–1984), Senior Rabbi at West London Synagogue, a founder and President of Leo Baeck College, London; President of the Reform Synagogues of Great Britain and Life Vice President of the World Union for Progressive Judaism

title: Movement for Reform Judaism


text:
Talk:Madchester

Untitled
I changed a bit of this. This page seems to conclude that the Stone Roses were not part of "Madchester" because Factory records coined the term. Much as most of the bands hated this term, in the public consciousness in November 1989, 'Madchester' was the Stone Roses, the Happy Mondays and (bizarrely, with hindsight) the Inspiral Carpets; only one of which was on Factory. New Order/Electronic had nothing to do with 'Madchester', having being putting out records since the '70s/'80s (other than knowing the bands involved and having hit records at the same time). No-one in the UK would have referred to New Order as a 'Madchester' band at that time or since.

-- I changed it back, I have no idea why you continue to class "The Stone Roses" as part of the Madchester scene, they were just a band from Manchester who were there at the wrong place and wrong time as the media were lapping up the drug /acid house culture that was predominate in Manchester clubs. The Roses even tried to distance themselves away from "The Happy Mondays" because the Monday's drug reputation and being part of that scene were beginning to give them a bad rep with the music press. They admired each other but the Roses sure as hell didn't follow that scene. The term "Madchester" is a media-coined phrase used by the media to describe a "style" of music during a certain era. They even used "Britpop" to describe the "style" of many bands who wern't even Britpop at the time, so if you're going to pidgeonhole bands such as either the Roses, the Charlies or (as you've noted) New Order as "Madchester" music, I'm afraid I'm going to have to correct it.

-- The Roses certainly were a very different band from Happy Mondays- but that doesn't mean they both weren't Madchester. The Grateful Dead sound nothing like Jefferson Airplane or Quicksilver Messenger Service, but they're all San Fransisco psychedelic bands. Point is, when you say Madchester to someone, it's a toss-up whether they think of the guitar-rock with a sorta-dance beat thing of the Roses or the acid/house of the Mondays- but people think of both all the time.

That, and the article as is is a hideous contradiction of itself, so it can't stand anyways. The important thing is to note that Madchester is not really a cohesive scene. It's not pigeonholing, it's the reality of how the word is used. Just look at AMG.--Hal 19:24, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

-- The point isn't how they "sound" though, if we're basing most of these bands on "sound" then we might as well stuff "Madchester" and "Britpop" both together and just coin some universal term for it. The point is that "Madchester" was a term created my the media (Mostly the tabloids and music press) just like they coined the term "Britpop", these are just lazy and uneducated terms given to bands that got popular during that era instead of giving each band their own individual merit which they rightfully deserved. Even James came out around the same time and had the grand indie rock style (and I believe they're from Greater Manchester as well) but you can't exactly class them as part of the "Madchester" scene just because they came out around the same time and came from around the same area. If one thing is for certain The Monday's openly embraced being termed as a "Madchester" band, but if you've got some bands who want nothing to do with the term and express their distate for it, what are you gonna do? Still class them as a "Madchester" band when it's obvious they deserve a bit more credit than that? -- Digital Holocaust

--- PS: Hal, Just wanted to note that your contribution to the article has made it a little more comphehendable rather than shoving numourous indie rock Mancunian bands in there. :D --- Digital Holocaust

--- My basis for changing the article originally was not on whether an individual band thought they "were Madchester" or not, but on what public perception at the time was, as someone else has mentioned. The synopsis of this book on the subject maybe helps: http://www.amazon.co.uk/exec/obidos/ASIN/1903047803/qid=1125151085/sr=8-1/ref=sr_8_xs_ap_i1_xgl/026-3256431-8875644

Notably, this book has "Primal Scream" on the cover. Primal Scream are (mostly) from East Kilbride in Scotland, so not even a Manchester connection here (at least, in 1990 well before Mani joined); however, in the summer of 1990 they had some big hits of a similar sound, so I guess that explains why they are included in this book. It's not an exact science this, but I'd lay money on it that if they asked "Name a Madchester Band" on Family Fortunes, than the Stone Roses and the Happy Mondays would be the two top answers. MetalMickey 14:03, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

Can I also point out that perhaps one's perception of this may differ hugely depending on where you were at the time... This was much bigger news in the UK than it was in (for example) the US. I suspect the US view of this "scene" may have been more Factory-centric because Tony Wilson went there in the summer of 1990 to do some talking to the record industry. In my recollection, this wasn't the same here. Perhaps someone from the US can confirm or deny. MetalMickey 14:06, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

Here's a quote from David Luck's book "The Madchester Scene", from a chapter entitled "The Big Two".

While it's hard to pin down who was and who wasn't down with Madchester, there's no dispute over the acts that are most commonly associated with the scene: The Stone Roses and Happy Mondays. MetalMickey 09:10, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

You said yourself that - "Notably, this book has "Primal Scream" on the cover. Primal Scream are (mostly) from East Kilbride in Scotland, so not even a Manchester connection here" and thus it kinda cancels out anything the book has to say and kind of makes it an unreliable source. The Roses don't like to be associated to the Madchester scene so I feel it's okay to leave them out of it and just give them a "honourable mention" just as Hal has done. -- Digital Holocaust

 * But it's not right to do that, surely! Just because the Roses wouldn't want to be associated with Madchester (I agree that this is probably the case); however, Nixon doesn't like being associated with Watergate, but that doesn't mean one should edit that out of an article about him! MetalMickey 22:52, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

Of course is New Order a part of "Madchester" or even a "Madchester" Band. They co-owned the club and their music - together with DJ's who worked with them at gigs there - is an important part. --217.235.67.147 (talk) 02:12, 27 December 2009 (UTC)

vandalism
82.34.113.18 has been listed on "vandalism in progress" and should be banned soon. good luck. Mat-C 22:06, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

Planning to expand
I am planning to edit this article, since I think it deserves more detail. This won't be an overnight process, but I thought I'd announce it - I don't want to be seen as just trampling on others' work. Anyone watching the article, please feel free to comment on edits as they happen. --Vjam 13:06, 17 November 2005 (UTC)

 * So far so good! Edwardian 19:17, 17 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Indeed - much better MetalMickey 00:25, 28 November 2005 (UTC)

User:Madchester
That sure is one mad Chester! ROFL!!!!!!

(JK, as long as his name isn't Chester, and he's not mad.) --Shultz 07:20, 15 January 2006 (UTC)

The Stone Roses
Both http://www.thestoneroses.co.uk/discography/albums/thestoneroses.asp and the Album's article list the release date of The Stone Roses as March 1989 but the article listed it as April so I've edited it Rob89 21:30, 8th April 2006 (UTC)

Baggy and the Charlatans
I think its fair to say that non Manchester bands like the Charlatans and Ocean Colour Scene evolved as part of the baggy scene, the smiths weren't really baggy more Goth, well they were in my school anyway. The Charlatans actually formed not long after the Roses and evolved alongside them in the Midlands as oposed to being influenced by them and even if they were slightly influenced by the Roses, it would have been before Madchester for sure, I think the press tried to lump the Charlatans in with this scene but Tim Burgess (the only northerner in the band until 1991 was on record as saying he didn't want to be associated with the Madchester scene... afterall, he grew up in Northwich and the band evolved in the west mids before he joined. I have a single from Ocean Colour scene from 1990 and it sounds nothing like Madchester, more Blur and Charlatans. IMO the Madchester scene was the hype around the hacienda, gun crime, happy modays, excstacy and most importantly... The Stone Roses who were miles above the whole scene, maybe there is an argument for the Stone Roses influencing the Baggy Scene? That would be more credible, but Madchester was a scene invented by the press and record labels of that time so as to enable mega compilations. Nick Boulevard 23:19, 25 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Hi Nick. I've reverted you're editing out of the Charlatans. As you rightly say, Madchester was largely a media invention. However, this does mean that you have to go along with what the media invented, whether you agree with what that was or not. And, for anyone who remembers the era and read the press at the time, the Charlatans were most definitely a part of the Madchester scene. You can see this, for example, from the NME cover pictured towards the top of the article. IMO, the fact that Tim Burgess is on record as distancing himself from Madchester is pretty much conclusive proof that he was part of it. You don't get Blur saying things like that, because it would make no sense at all.

 * PS Please make your case here and try to get other people's opinions before re-editing. Thanks.

--Vjam 17:21, 26 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Hi Vjam, thanks for discussing here, sorry I contacted you on your talk page... ignore that and continue here.

 * You have a good point and I thought about it as I edited out Charlatans actually, maybe they should remain in the article but state that they weren't from Manchester and that becasue they appeared at around the same time as the Stone Roses the press decided to mancunianise them :) for want of better word, and also keep in the article how the band wished NOT to be labelled (not just as mancunian) but as anything other than The Charlatans. thanks Nick Boulevard 00:21, 29 June 2006 (UTC)

I have removed the claim that the Charlatans were influenced by the Inspiral carpets Farfisa sound, for a start Rob Collins gave the Charlatans their keyboard sound which was a Hammond (different sound) and his influences are clearly stated here: http://www.thecharlatans.info/members.htm Nick Boulevard 10:40, 1 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Hi Nick. I still think you're clarifications about the Charlatans are overlong for this article. I also think it's going off on a tangent to focus too much on band members' views (arguably more relevent to an article on The Charlatans). The article as it stands now has 18 lines meandering around the questions of the Charlatans' Madchester credentials compared to 3 on the Spike Island concert.

 * The bit starting "There were several..." is a bit misleading. The Charlatans were really the only band from outside Greater Manchester to be considered part of the scene, not one of several. The band did not emerge prior to Madchester - Tim Burgess didn't even join until right at the end of 1989, and they didn't release anything before 1990. They emerged, most definitely, as part of the Madchester scene, playing support slots for the Stone Roses. --Vjam 11:48, 1 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Hi Vj, sorry for late reply, are you basing this on personal experience or do you have a source to cite on this info re Charlies please? You are probably right about too much info about them but from my own experiences they seemed to be more from a midland background, inspired by generally a "baggy" or "indie" scene which from my memory was not just Manchester although Manchester played a big role mainly through the Stone Roses and Mondays, the Inspirals were from Oldham not Manchester though.
 * If this is Greater Manchester thing is to be applied to other cities it could get quite confusing? i.e. Pop Will Eat Itself, The Specials, Neds Atomic Dustbin, Slade, Wonderstuff and so on all existed within a ten or 15 mile radius of Birmingham and they were obviously influenced by Brum with bands like the Specials writing about New Street Station etc. I think this is relates to my point about Madchester being largely a press thing again, should we make this more prevelant in the article? The Brum beat scene from the 60's was mainly an underground thing that came more into focus in later years with bands like Led Zep, Sabbath, Move, E.L.O., Moody Blue's reaping the rewards from a similar scene to that of Manchester in the late 80's, thanks Nick Boulevard 22:53, 4 July 2006 (UTC)

Hi Nick. I think the main thing I want to say about this is to reinforce that it is not up to us to decide on criteria for whether a particular band belongs in the article or not, since that was done by music journos and others over 15 years ago. Inspiral Carpets and the Charlatans were part of it because everyone says so, and so its not really appropriate to question it. Camparing to other cities misses the point - there was never any such scene as "Brumchester", for example (although not a bad name for one if you ask me).--Vjam 15:42, 9 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Hello, yes I agree that Charlies should be here in the context of how the media portrayed them BUT... seeing as wikipedia is based on fact, the facts were that in the fans hearts in Manchester the band were mancunian, but in the fans hearts in the bands home region they were a West Midland band associated with the Baggy/Madchester scene, this is backed up by the band interviews as I have said, they weren't the Stone Roses from Machester, that role was already filled. In most of the minds of the fans that I know from South Wales to Midlands they are a Midlands band Vjam. This should be portrayed in the article, please think of a way of including this or I can have another go :) Nick Boulevard 23:21, 19 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Sorry to be pedantic but.. "the Charlatans were part of it because everyone says so" is clearly not the case, hence why I am making comment as many others would possibly have read the article and thought "this is written by someone from the N.M.E. in 1992 Nick Boulevard 23:24, 19 July 2006 (UTC)

Hi Nick. To the extent that "Madchester" was a media-led thing, you are wrong. Journalists decided who was and wasn't part of Madchester, and trying to revise that would be against Wikipedia policy, because it would be Orginal Research. A similar case would be if someone argued that reference to North Korea should be taken out of the article on "Axis of Evil" because, they felt, it wasn't really that evil. You can't do that - George W Bush coined the phrase, and it means what he said it means. --Vjam 10:09, 20 July 2006 (UTC)

Black Grape
Shouldn't Black Grape be mentioned in this article? 96T 10:57, 19 August 2006 (UTC)

Black Grape's first LP came out in 1995, which is well past the timeframe for this article. They could arguably be mentioned in a "what Shaun Ryder did next" way, but then if you did that with everyone it would be adding quite a lot to the article - if people wanted to know they could always click on his wikilink. --Vjam 12:34, 19 August 2006 (UTC)

Stone Roses
What's all this debate about whether the Stone Roses were "Madchester"? Surely the Stone Roses, together with the Happy Mondays, defined the scene that came to be known as Madchester. I should know, I was there.

I'd agree with this, is a youtube vid purporting to be of them at the Hacienda in 1985. The hairstyles would suggest so! They were very much part of the scene. And here is a link to the Late Show "amateurs!" incident in full, what is the best way to link, in the footnotes? It's informative of the Madchester style and then so funny that I'd love it to go next to the description in the article, meaning as many as possible get to see it. Also "live on television for the first time" --82.15.46.131 23:35, 17 November 2006 (UTC)

 * I've read the debate at the top of this page re The Stone Roses: Are They Madhcester? I followed this scene as a London teenager and, as someone else has said, thought of The Happy Mondays, Stone Roses and Inspiral Carpets as being the big hitters. It would seem nonsensical to me to leave The Stone Roses out and I'm very unhappy about the 'distancing' sentence that currently exists near the top of the article where The Roses are listed.

 * If the bad distanced themselves, let's say that. But whether they like it or not, they are and will always be regarded as part of the madchester scene. --bodnotbod 15:13, 28 November 2006 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:The Stone Roses Profile.jpg
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DiscographyI'm pretty sure that Pills n Thrills and Kinky Afro came out in about September / October 1990 86.145.38.127 22:12, 30 September 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Madchester.JPG
Image:Madchester.JPG is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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BetacommandBot (talk) 14:44, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

Genre?
Madchester was never really a genre, so much as a descriptive term for all of the things that were going on in Manchester at the time, or centred around the city, including the clubbing scene. Given that 'Madchester' included alternative rock bands such as Stone Roses and dance acts such as 808 State and A Guy Called Gerald, describing it as a genre is a bit of a nonsense.--Michig (talk) 14:06, 27 June 2009 (UTC)
 * Yes, definitely arguable. "Scene", maybe? --FormerIP (talk) 00:55, 1 July 2009 (UTC)

Improvement drive
I'm starting to go through adding cites, removing editorial comment and copyediting. So far, I'm over-reliant on Dave Haslams's book Manchester England, so alternative suggestions for cites would be welcome. I suppose I should add that I used to be Vjam, who originally wrote most of the article.--FormerIP (talk) 23:47, 22 November 2009 (UTC)

My problem with the article is that it is based on books written by people although around the scene at the time had little direct input or involvement beyond DJing a student night at The Hacienda ( Dave Haslam isn't from Manchester, he's from Birmingham , and came to Manchester as a Student around 1985) , likewise John Robb , although always around in Manchester since the later days of Punk , was from Blackpool and was very much into live bands rather than club nights.

The music at The Hacienda in 1982 - 86 wasn't at all Indie on a Friday or Saturday night, just good Eclectic club music across the board with Everything from New Order, The Smiths, Grandmaster Flash, The Peech Boys, bits of Reggae , Northern Soul , Gil Scott Heron - The Bottle , Kid Creole And The Coconuts, U2 , Echo And The Bunnymen , Teardrop Explodes, Jackson Sisters , Electro etc. The only nights when it was indie as such were band nights ( if it was an indie band, and the Student night that Dave Haslam DJed at ( Thursday - more likely to hear Ride, The Cult and The House Of Love than Joe Smooth or Frankie Knuckles). Nor was the Hacienda empty on a Friday or Saturday night back in 1982/83, it was very busy , so this again is a myth and something I used to have regular discussions with Tony Wilson about.

Also the influence that the closure of clubs that attracted a more dance type crowd like The Gallery ( Funk and House) and Johnny Jay's Rock Da House Nights ( Techno, Electro and hip hop) had on the Hacienda is hardly touched on. Hacienda wasn't that busy in around 1985 and 86 because of the popularity and cheapness of places like The Berlin Club and even The Cyprus Tavern so started charging only a quid to get in on a Friday night with pints for 70 pence and even had Stella on draught. This attracted a crowd that needed somewhere to go and when they got there they more or less told the DJs what to play. Phew, about time somebody who was actually there and actually used to go without a wish to sequester the scene wrote an accurate and truthful historical account of that time —Preceding unsigned comment added by 109.154.91.0 (talk) 14:19, 6 April 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
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This entire 'movement' was completely contrived
and had no existence beyond the marketing schemes of certain interested parties. I did wear flares, mind ;) --Scherben808 (talk) 17:18, 27 October 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
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Drivel
Whoever wrote "By the late 1980s, the British music was symbolised by a robust sound such as a Duran Duran and Spandau Ballet and the pop music of Stock, Aitken and Waterman" is almost certainly not someone who was in the UK in the late 80s (and may not even be a native speaker of English...I mean "robust"??). The late 80s were not symbolised by early 80s New Romantic pop acts like Duran Duran and Spandau Ballet. Such absolute drivel. Vauxhall1964 (talk)
 * The New Romantic movement had definitely dropped off by the late 80s. Spandau didn't have anything approaching a hit after '86, while Duran scraped a single top 10 hit with "All She Wants Is". 2A02:C7F:8EA3:B00:E406:1E9A:1F4C:B409 (talk) 13:15, 18 November 2018 (UTC)
 * I have removed it. --Michig (talk) 13:26, 18 November 2018 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 14:24, 10 November 2019 (UTC)
 * Madch.jpg

Orphaned references in Madchester
I check pages listed in Category:Pages with incorrect ref formatting to try to fix reference errors. One of the things I do is look for content for orphaned references in wikilinked articles. I have found content for some of Madchester's orphans, the problem is that I found more than one version. I can't determine which (if any) is correct for this article, so I am asking for a sentient editor to look it over and copy the correct ref content into this article.

Reference named "rs": From Achtung Baby:  From Technique (album):  From Dream pop:  From Mysterious Ways (song):  From Chillwave:

I apologize if any of the above are effectively identical; I am just a simple computer program, so I can't determine whether minor differences are significant or not. AnomieBOT ⚡ 04:14, 4 May 2020 (UTC)

Cosmic Scouse & Scallydelica
Can somebody write up an article about the 'Cosmic Scouse' and 'Scallydelica' music scenes? Madchester has got a large article linked to Psychedelic music and Alternative rock on Wikipedia...but you only get Cosmic Scouse mentioned in random articles such as The Bandwagon Club, even though 20 years ago it cropped up quite a bit in the music press. On the other hand random sub-genres like 'Hipster hop' and 'Wonky pop', which may have only been dreamt up/noted by a couple of random journalists (or, in the case of the latter, been a bit of a failure if the idea was to create a lasting scene that was much more than a couple of hit albums by MIKA) are deemed worthy of inclusion.

title: Talk:Madchester


text:
User:Arys

I am, for the time being, a resident of Athens Greece.

View my contributions.

title: User:Arys


text:
Kombatan

Kombatan is a Filipino martial arts system. The founder of the system was GGM Ernesto Amador Presas (10th DAN). The current head of the system is Ernesto Presas Jr. The style is known for its double stick techniques, but it features other stick and blade techniques, as well as empty-hand methods.

Ernesto A. Presas Sr. was born in the coastal town of Hinigaran, Negros Occidental on May 20, 1945. At age 8 he began his martial arts training under his father, Jose Presas, a well known escrima practitioner at that time. He went on to be an athlete in his college years, participating in various sports. His training in the martial arts is eclectic, having studied judo, jujutsu, karate, and various forms of Filipino and Japanese weaponry. He was Lakan Sampu (10th Dan) in arnis and Mano Mano (hand-to-hand combat) and Lakan Walo (8th Dan) in Philippine Weaponry.

Remy Presas recognized that the classical arts of their country were losing their appeal and therefore slowly dying. He modernized the native arts into an effective fighting system that would be appealing to martial arts students living in modern Filipino society and called it Modern Arnis. His dream to re-introduce the native arts led to the development of Modern Arnis. Ernesto Presas continued the work after his brother emigrated to the US in 1975. He changed his version of the art extensively in the nineties, and renamed it Kombatan.

In 1970 he began to teach the Filipino martial arts in the University of the Philippines and Lyceum of the Philippines. Later other classes expanded to the University of Santo Tomas, Central Colleges of the Philippines, the Far Eastern Military Academy, Philippine National Police Academy, and the Philippines Air Force Officer's School. Also in 1970 he was invited to Japan at Expo '70' to demonstrate Arnis. He quickly earned the respect of many of the Japanese masters who called his Art Filipino Kendo. After returning home, with the help of his friend Frederico Lazo, he opened his first club. Later he formed the Modern Arnis Association of the Philippines International and the ARJUKEN (which stands for Arnis, Jujutsu, Kendo) Karate Association to formally spread the art within the Philippines. In 1975 he founded the International Philippine Martial Arts Federation (IPMAF) and began to spread the Filipino art to the outside world. In time his Arnis Presas Style and techniques became widely accepted and adopted by countries in Europe, the United States, Canada, Mexico, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Saudi Arabia and Puerto Rico. He has also published numerous books and videos and has been featured on the cover of Inside Kung Fu magazine with the title "Ernesto Presas: The Father of Mano-Mano" (which art he created).

Ernesto Presas traveled the world teaching seminars to spread his art. Many visited the Philippines to take lessons from him in Manila.

Major practitioners include: Ernesto Amador Presas (deceased), Fred Lazo (deceased), Ernesto Presas Jr., Pepe Yap, Mike Bowers, Alex France, Lito Concepcion, Tim Hartman, Juerg Ziegler (deceased), Dr. Carlos Deleon, John R. Malmo, Librando Castillo, Jon Rudy, Jeff Traish, Chris Traish, Andy Elliott, Richard Marlin, Shelley Millspaugh, Vincent Pernice, Wolfgang Schnur, Walter Hubmann, Edwin Lao,  Thorbjørn “Toby” Hartelius, Scott Taylor, Johan Skålberg, Alex Ercia, Audy Ercia, Tomi Harell, Jose G. Paman, Randy Remolin, Fredrik Johansson, Henning Hansen, Jess Pablo (deceased), Matt Nocerino, Carlos Pulanco, Giovanni Zagari, Patrick Paulo, Marina Regnér, and Uno Feldthusen.

Current Chief Instructors

 * Grandmaster Ernesto Presas Jr. (10th Dan) - Manila, Philippines
 * Grandmaster Wolfgang Schnur (10th Dan) - Germany
 * Grandmaster Carlos Deleon (10th Dan) - USA, Guatemala, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Spain.
 * Grandmaster Mike Bowers (10th Dan)- Portland, USA

 * Grandmaster Tim Hartman (9th Dan) - New York, USA
 * Grandmaster Alex France (9th Dan) - California, USA
 * Grandmaster Rick Manglinong (9th Dan)- California, USA
 * Grandmaster Shelley Millspaugh (9th Dan)- Colorado, USA
 * Grandmaster Toby Hartelius (9th Dan) - Denmark
 * Grandmaster Scott Taylor (9th Dan) -Nebraska, USA
 * Grandmaster Randy Remolin (9th Dan) - Italy

 * Grandmaster Andy Elliott (8th Dan) - Australia
 * Grandmaster Matt Nocerino (8th Dan) - California, USA
 * Grandmaster Bernard Lapointe (+)(8th Dan) - California, USA
 * Grandmaster Alex Ercia (8th Dan) - California, USA
 * Grandmaster John R. Malmo (8th Dan)- Midwest, USA
 * Grandmaster Walter Hubmann (8th Dan) - Austria
 * Grandmaster Roland Herlt (8th Dan) - Germany
 * Grandmaster Tomi Harell (8th Dan) - Finland
 * Grandmaster Mike Waite (8th Dan) - Australia

 * Senior Master Chris Delgado (7th Dan) - California, USA
 * Senior Master Mark Cox (7th Dan) - California, USA
 * Senior Master Kurt Graham (8th Dan) - New Zealand
 * Senior Master Vincent Pernice (7th Dan) - Kansas, USA
 * Senior Master Ask Agger (7th Dan) - Denmark
 * Senior Master Marina Regner (7th Dan) - Sweden
 * Master Daniel Tiliano (6th Dan) - Oregon, USA
 * Senior Master Salvador Caballero (6th Dan) - Spain
 * Senior Master Henning Hansen (6th Dan) - Norway
 * Senior Master Maic Andreé (6th Dan) - Germany

 * Master Paulo Vilaça (5th Dan) - Portugal
 * Master Jorgen Jorgensen (5th Dan) - Thailand
 * Master Fredrik Johansson (5th Dan) - Sweden
 * Master Pablo Gobbi (5th Dan) - Argentina
 * Master Edwin Mejia (5th Dan) - Guatemala
 * Master Richard Bigham (5th Dan) - USA
 * Master Librando Castillo (5th Dan) - California, USA
 * Master Fidel Bonifacio (5th Dan) - Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
 * Master Giovanni Zagari (5th Dan) - Singapore
 * Master Ralf Notter (5th Dan) - Germany

 * Guro Damian Rosatti (4th Dan) - Argentina
 * Guro Gustavo Garcia Leon (4th Dan) - Argentina
 * Guro Federico Dinatale (4th Dan) - Brazil
 * Guro Joe Delgado (4th Dan) - California, USA
 * Guro Richard Bigham (4th Dan) - California, USA
 * Guro Ted Villanueva (4th Dan) - Oregon, USA
 * Guro Vernon Taylor (4th Dan)- Nebraska
 * Guro Daniel Kroupa (4nd Dan) - Czech Republic
 * Guro Damon Abraham (3rd Dan) - Colorado, USA
 * Guro Rosemary Solis (3rd Dan) - Guatemala
 * Guro Perry Zmugg (3rd Dan) - Austria
 * Guro Kalli Schlauch (2nd Dan) - Ireland
 * Guro Cian White (2nd Dan) - Ireland
 * Guro Jhun Occidental (2nd Dan) - Virginia, USA
 * Guro Shahla Deleon (1st Dan) - California, USA
 * Guro Carlos Deleon II (1st Dan) - California, USA

Styles
Kombatan combines several traditional Filipino styles that have been blended into a single art:
 * Palis
 * Hirada Batangueno - Pinayong. Commonly referred to as hirada bantagueña, after the Batangas province from which it originated, pinayong is Kombatan's "umbrella" block-and-counter pattern. It consists of an umbrella-like covering block/counter followed with any number of strikes; often an upward strike that can impact areas such as the groin, chin, or forearm.
 * Sungkiti Tutsada - Sungkiti also called tutsada, tuslok, or salag tusok represents the deadly thrusting techniques that can devastate an opponent. It is especially effective for combat in places where lateral movement is restricted.  Sungkiti aims to attack vulnerable areas like the eyes, throat, solar plexus, underarms, and groin.
 * Abaniko Largo / Corto
 * Doblada / Doblete
 * Banda y Banda
 * Ocho Ocho - Ocho ocho means "figure eight," and this pattern of movement follows the path of the infinity symbol. Ocho ocho may be delivered in a wide or tight manner, depending on the situation.
 * Sinawali
 * Espada Y Daga - sword and dagger, or stick and dagger methods
 * Daga sa Daga
 * Dulo Dulo - The dulo dulo is a specialty weapon of Kombatan. It is simply a short stick, or horn, of about six inches with points at both ends.  It is used in close quarters to attack sensitive areas of the body.  It can be utilized to strike; to force your opponent to release you from a grabbing attack; or to magnify the effect of a joint lock by attacking the sensitive points you are controlling.
 * Dos Puntas
 * Tres Puntas
 * Bangkaw - The bangkaw is a staff, usually around six-feet in length, used to attack and defend. Kombatan features techniques for its use against another staff, as well as other weapons.  Its primary advantage is its long reach.  With it, one can counter an attack from an opponent armed with a bolo or knife without coming into close proximity.  The bangkaw is a martial adaptation of the long stick that is used in rural areas of the Philippines to carry two large buckets of water on ones shoulder.
 * Sibat
 * Mano-Mano
 * Sipaan
 * Dumog

title: Kombatan


text:
A. Holly Patterson

Archibald Holly Patterson (May 31, 1898, in Uniondale, New York, United States – September 20, 1980) was the Republican county executive of Nassau County, New York, from 1953 to 1961. He had previously served as presiding supervisor of the town of Hempstead.

A nursing home in Uniondale is named for Patterson as well as the school library at Nassau Community College.

title: A. Holly Patterson


text:
User talk:MetalMickey

A welcome from Sango123
Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions; I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We're glad to have you in our community! Here are a few good links for newcomers:

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title: User talk:MetalMickey


text:
User:Ryuukuro

Don't you have something better to do than look at this?

Actually, no.

title: User:Ryuukuro


text:
User talk:The pube muppet

Please stop adding nonsense to Wikipedia. It is considered vandalism. If you were just trying to experiment, then use the sandbox instead. Thank you.

If you edit again in the fashion in which you have been editting you will be banned. You can either not suck or leave. Each would be equally good. gren グレン 20:55, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:The pube muppet


text:
User talk:Usedtoknoweverything

A welcome from Sango123
Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions; I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We're glad to have you in our community! Here are a few good links for newcomers:

 * If you haven't already, drop by the New user log and tell others a bit about yourself.
 * Always sign your posts on talk pages! That way, others will know who left which comments.
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * Simplified Ruleset
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Wikipedia Glossary
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also the Topical index.

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Though we all make goofy mistakes, here is what Wikipedia is not. If you have any questions or concerns, don't hesitate to see the help pages or add a question to the village pump. The Community Portal can also be very useful.

Happy Wiki-ing!

-- Sango  123  20:55, August 20, 2005 (UTC)

P.S. Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you need help with anything or simply wish to say hello. :)

Nomination of Oak Park Golf Club for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Oak Park Golf Club is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

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Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article until the discussion has finished. Zim Zala Bim talk 17:14, 7 July 2022 (UTC)

Your submission at Articles for creation: Apollo Panoramic Photography (March 19)
 Your recent article submission to Articles for Creation has been reviewed. Unfortunately, it has not been accepted at this time. The reason left by DoubleGrazing was:

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DoubleGrazing (talk) 14:05, 19 March 2024 (UTC)

Lunar Panoramic Photography
Do you have any non NASA sources for this? Wikipedia's notability requirements are based around third party sources. I've run across passing mentions of the concept but I don't recall third parties covering it in any depth.©Geni (talk) 16:53, 23 April 2024 (UTC)

 * The NSSDCA references to Luna 9 and Chang'e 4 are simply links to concise descriptions of those missions, and the NSSDCA just happens to be NASA construct. There are numerous other references that could be used, including the relevant Wikipedia pages, but I happened to choose these.
 * The Apollo Lunar Surface Journal (ALSJ) is the definitive breakdown of the surface activities during those missions. Those activities are covered in lots of external sources (mission histories, astronaut biographies, etc.) but the taking of the panoramas is usually described as something like "taking a few photos" or "using the camera", which would reduce many such references to merely being trivial. In some respects, the ALSJ is a 3rd party source; yes, it's hosted by NASA, but it was conceived, created, and is maintained by a team of volunteers who are external to NASA.
 * And sticking to NASA resources isn't going to help much for the panoramas by the Soviet/Russian, Chinese, Indian, or Japanese probes (that is, should any be forthcoming from the Japanese one!) - other references have to be used for those.
 * I think you're right on the final point; I don't believe that there is a single 3rd party item that covers the concept. I think this is probably due to people overlooking the technique when they see the results... Usedtoknoweverything (talk) 12:56, 24 April 2024 (UTC)
 * And I've just realised, the NSSDCA/NASA references to Luna 9 and Chang'e 4 *are* 3rd party sources! Usedtoknoweverything (talk) 16:25, 26 April 2024 (UTC)

Nomination of Lunar Panoramic Photography - Apollo 14 for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Lunar Panoramic Photography - Apollo 14 is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Lunar Panoramic Photography - Apollo 14 until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article until the discussion has finished. Trainsandotherthings (talk) 23:40, 4 May 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:Usedtoknoweverything


text:
Category:Lone Wolf (gamebooks)

This category is for articles relating to Joe Dever's Lone Wolf universe and the people involved in its creation.

title: Category:Lone Wolf (gamebooks)