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Huntington University (United States)

Huntington University is a private Christian university in Huntington, Indiana. It is affiliated with the Church of the United Brethren in Christ and a member of the Council for Christian Colleges and Universities (CCCU).

History
Huntington University opened as Central College in 1897 after the General Board of Education of the Church of the United Brethren in Christ proposed a new institution of higher learning in Huntington, Indiana. This came soon after the closure of Hartsville College, the denomination's college in Hartsville, Indiana. United Brethren Bishop Milton Wright, father of Orville and Wilbur Wright, served as professor of theology at Hartsville in 1868–1869 and later presided over the dedication ceremony of Central College on September 21, 1897. Hartsville supplied the initial faculty and students for Central College, which offered a coeducational program for both men and women and attracted international students from Sierra Leone, Japan, and elsewhere.

In its earliest decades, the college developed a curriculum in the liberal arts tradition, with courses leading to the Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Science, and Bachelor of Philosophy degrees. Programs in the fields of oratory, music, education, and business were included as well. The college's approach to education was both classical and progressive, as reflected in early endeavors such as a campus performance of Shakespeare's "As You Like It" in 1906, directed by professor of oratory Nellie Binning. Among the first student publications and organizations were the Central Literary Data (later The Huntingtonian), the Philomathean Literary Society, the Zetalethean Literary Society, and the Debating Club, as well as student singing clubs and athletic teams for both sexes. Japanese student Matajeiro Umeeda completed requirements for the college's new master's degree in 1903 with a thesis titled "Confucianism and Christianity."

In addition to its classical program of study, the college staffed courses in the applied sciences, and courses aimed at professional training for teachers and ministers. Botanist Fred A. Loew (1874–1950; A.M. Michigan State; Sc.D. Huntington College) built a herbarium (1903), agricultural research station (1914), and botanical garden (1937) at the college, signaling the institution's commitment to theoretical science as well as the practical application of scientific research. The college and its students also benefitted from the early involvement of Jacob L. Brenn (1896–1967), a Jewish chemist from Poland who started Huntington Laboratories (now Ecolab) in 1919 and served as founding President of the Huntington College Foundation (1938), which provided financial support for the institution. The Brenn family donated a large sum to help build the college's first major science building, Brenn Hall of Science (1963).

Having changed its name to Huntington College in 1917, the institution further clarified its mission as a traditional, four-year liberal arts college in the 1920s. The pre-collegiate Academy was closed and its two-year academic tracks were developed into four-year baccalaureate programs. Furthermore, the college secured state accreditation for its teacher training program. These positive trends were checked by the onset of the Great Depression when enrollment dwindled and funding became scarce. Although the denomination's Board of Education voted to suspend operations in 1932, they ultimately reversed their decision and opened as usual. World War II further challenged student recruitment efforts, with fall enrollment in 1942 bottoming out at 83 students (only 28 men). The G.I. Bill brought increased enrollment in the late 1940s and 1950s, and the administration began to pursue accreditation for the institution as a whole. This was achieved when the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools (now the Higher Learning Commission) conferred accreditation in 1961. Further validation of the quality of Huntington's academic programs arrived in 1971 when the college was admitted to the Associated Colleges of Indiana (now the Independent Colleges of Indiana).

The 1970s was a formative era in the modern history of the college. Future Vice President Dan Quayle of Huntington taught as an adjunct instructor and served on the board of trustees. On campus, Steve Platt led the nation in collegiate scoring for two seasons and eventually set the record for collegiate scoring in the state of Indiana (3,700 points). He was inducted in the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame in 1996. The careers of Quayle and Platt put Huntington in the national spotlight, and in the 1970s the college received its first gift from Ruth and Orville Merillat, a $1 million donation to help build a new physical education, athletics, and recreation facility. Over the next twenty years, the college benefitted greatly from the philanthropic efforts of the Merillat family as the campus expanded and new buildings appeared to serve a growing student body. Key facilities at Huntington bearing the Merillat family name include the Merillat Complex, the Merillat Centre for the Arts, and the RichLyn Library (named in honor of Lynette and Richard Merillat).

In the 1980s and 1990s the college enjoyed increasing recognition for its academic programs and its Christian liberal arts education. Faculty who earned Huntington College a heightened appreciation for its intellectual rigor included R. William Hasker (1935–; Ph.D. Edinburgh), author of God, Time, and Knowledge (Cornell, 1989) and The Emergent Self (Cornell, 1999) and Paul Michelson (1945–; Ph.D. Indiana), a prolific author and leading expert in the field of southeastern European history. Michelson served as past president of the Society for Romanian Studies and won the Balcescu Prize for History by the Romanian Academy (2000). The college also recruited James O'Donnell (MBA Columbia) to serve as executive-in-residence, and he brought a career's worth of experience in finance at Fidelity and Dreyfus to his courses and mentorship. O'Donnell authored several books on investments, and his essays have been featured in Barron’s, The Wall Street Journal, Fortune, and America.

The institution adopted its current name in 2005, and expanded graduate offerings in occupational therapy (OTD) in 2014 and business (MBA) in 2017 to add to existing master's level programs in counseling, ministry, organizational leadership, and education. This program of expansion also included locating campuses in Fort Wayne for its doctoral program in occupational therapy, and in Peoria, Arizona for its undergraduate film, broadcast media, and animation programs.

2022 sexual abuse allegations
On September 30, 2022 two former student-athletes filed suit against the school and its former track coach, claiming the university violated the athletes’ Title IX rights and failed to protect them from their predatory coach Nick Johnson. The former athletes' allegations included rape, inappropriate massage, and forced injections of undisclosed substances at the hands of their coach. By March 2023, a grand jury had indicted him on charges of sexual battery. Johnson had previously served a thirty day prison sentence in addition to 150 days of electronic monitoring in 2018 after being accused of child seduction, kidnapping and identity deception. He pleaded guilty to identity deception and the prosecution dropped the other charges. Johnson was subsequently fired as head coach and replaced by his wife Lauren Johnson.

On November 20, 2023, a federal judge dismissed the Title IX lawsuit against Huntington University. Twenty-two state law claims were also dismissed in federal court.

Campus
Founded in 1897 by the Church of the United Brethren in Christ, Huntington University is located on a contemporary, lakeside campus in northeast Indiana. The campus comprises 160 acres with grassy areas, trees and Lake Sno-Tip.

Thornhill Nature Preserve is a 77 acre nature preserve that provides outdoor educational opportunities through the Reiff Nature Center, ropes course, and various community events.

The Merillat Centre for the Arts is a fine arts center that includes the Robert E. Wilson Gallery, as well as the Huntington University departments of art, music, and theatre.

There are seven residence halls on Huntington's campus. They are Wright, Hardy, Roush, Baker, Miller, Meadows and Livingston Halls. Students can also live in Forester Village, an upperclassmen apartment complex.

The Huntington Union Building (Known informally as the HUB) was recently renovated to create new space for students.

The institution also supports academic programs at the Parkview Hospital Randallia campus in Ft. Wayne, Indiana and at the Huntington University Arizona Center in Peoria, Arizona.

Organization
Huntington University has a "strong historic and ongoing relationship with the Church of the United Brethren in Christ," an evangelical denomination headquartered in Huntington, Indiana.

Academics
Huntington University offers graduate and undergraduate programs in more than 80 academic disciplines.

Rankings
Huntington University was tied for 22 of 127 in the Regional Universities Midwest category of the 2022–23 Best Colleges ranking by U.S. News & World Report. The university was also ranked 13 of 69 in Best Value Schools.

Athletics
The Huntington athletic teams are called the Foresters. The university is a member of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA), primarily competing in the Crossroads League (formerly known as the Mid-Central College Conference (MCCC) until after the 2011–12 school year) since the 1959–60 academic year. They are also a member of the National Christian College Athletic Association (NCCAA), primarily competing as an independent in the Midwest Region of the Division I level.

Huntington competes in 18 intercollegiate varsity sports: Men's sports include baseball, basketball, bowling, cross country, golf, soccer, tennis and track & field; while women's sports include basketball, bowling, cross country, soccer, softball, tennis, track & field and volleyball; and co-ed sports include cheerleading.

Student life
Huntington University students have the opportunity to participate in a number of activities and service opportunities throughout the year. The Friesen Center for Volunteer Service provides students with a range of service projects and programs, including local blood drives and short-term mission experiences. Students may also run for office on Student Government Association and represent their classmates. Student Government Association "serves as a liaison between students and faculty/staff/administration, and addresses issues that pertain to the student body."

Huntington University's Student Activities Board, more commonly known as SAB, is a student-led organization responsible for planning and facilitating student events. The board plans and hosts more than a dozen annual events at Huntington University, including hoedowns, mud volleyball, laser tag, movies and concerts. SAB also facilitates Olympiad, a popular 4-day event composed of various athletic games and challenges.

There are nearly 30 other student organizations available to students at Huntington University, from academic groups and honors societies to interest groups and clubs.

title: Huntington University (United States)


text: Category:Moscow Metro stations

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Moscow Metro stations


text:
Glasgow Sunday

Glasgow Sunday is the second of four albums released in 2005 by musician Jandek on Corwood Industries, as (0779). His 41st overall, it was recorded live on October 17, 2004 at The Arches, Glasgow, as part of the Instal festival. This was the first known live appearance of Jandek, who played unannounced with backing from Richard Youngs on bass and Alex Neilson on drums.

A DVD of this performance was released on June 15, 2006. Like the original album (and all of Jandek's previous output), it was released by Corwood Industries and shares the same catalog number as the CD version, albeit with the suffix "DVD" attached (0779-DVD). It is Corwood's first ever home video release. The DVD was filmed using two cameras - one focused entirely on Jandek, and the other situated farther from the stage and alternating between a wide shot of the stage and closer shots of Youngs and Nielson. The DVD gives the viewers three angle options - either of the two cameras, or a mix of both angles

title: Glasgow Sunday


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Interposed nucleus

The interposed nucleus is the combined globose and emboliform nuclei on either side. The interposed nucleus is one of the paired cerebellar nuclei. It is located in the roof (dorsal aspect) of the fourth ventricle, lateral to the fastigial nucleus. The emboliform nucleus is the anterior interposed nucleus, and the globose nucleus is the posterior interposed nucleus.

The interposed nucleus is responsible for coordinating agonist/antagonist muscle pairs, and therefore a lesion in this area causes tremor.

Anatomy
The interposed nucleus is located in the paravermis of the cerebellum.

The interposed nucleus is smaller than the dentate but larger than the fastigial nucleus.

Afferents
The interposed nuclei receives Purkine cell terminal afferents from the paravermal cortex of the spinocerebellum, as well as collaterals of cerebellar afferents from the restiform body and anterior spinocerebellar tract.

It receives input from the ipsilateral posterior external arcuate fibers (cuneocerebellar tract) and the dorsal spinocerebellar tract, which originate in the accessory cuneate nucleus and the posterior thoracic nucleus, respectively.

Efferents
Afferents from the interposed nuclei leave the cerebellum through the brachium conjunctivum of the superior cerebellar peduncle. They project to:

 * contralateral (magnocellular division of) the red nucleus (→ rubrospinal tract). The red nucleus is the main target of tne interposed nuclei.
 * ipsilateral ventral lateral nucleus of thalamus (→ premotor cortex and primary motor cortex → lateral corticospinal tract).

The rubrospinal and lateral corticospinal tracts are subsequently involved in control of the distal musculature of the extremities.

Function
Functionally, it modulates muscle stretch reflexes of proximal limb muscles. The cerebellar interpositus nucleus is also required in delayed Pavlovian conditioning.

title: Interposed nucleus


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User talk:Transonline

Hello, !

title: User talk:Transonline


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Fantasticle

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. Redwolf24 04:11, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

Fantasticle
Neologism, more-or-less self-admitted: credited to "Jon Scarborough, Stefan Schaefer, and Terry White of St. Petersburg, Florida," who are not otherwise identified. No evidence of real use. Not in American Heritage dictionary. No Google hits on "fantasticle testis", none on "fantasticle scrotum", two on "fantasticle testicle" (one being a reply to another in the same online forum." 509 hits on "fantasticle," but inspection of the first hundred shows that it is being used merely as an frivolous intensification of "fantastic" or a misspelling of "fantastical" (as in Macbeth, "My thought, whose murder yet is but fantastical...") Dpbsmith (talk) 23:24, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy Delete --Barista | a/k/a マイケル | T/C
 * I don't think it's a valid CSD. On what criterion could it be speedied? Dpbsmith (talk) 23:34, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, per nominator. Kappa 23:41, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete neologism; doesn't seem to meet speedy criteria, though. Jaxl | talk 00:08, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Prattle. -- BD2412 talk 00:15, August 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. What a load of old 'fantasticles'. Alf 14:30, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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User talk:Speqc

Hello, ! I'm ulayiti, and I'd like to welcome you to Wikipedia! Thanks for your contributions, and I hope you'll like the place enough to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers:
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style
 * How to avoid common mistakes

When commenting on talk pages or voting, you should always sign your name by typing in four tildes (~~~~). This way people will know who made the comment and can respond to you. If you have any questions at all, feel free to ask me on my talk page. You can also have a look at the help pages or put up a question at the village pump. Welcome to Wikipedia, and happy editing! - ulayiti (talk)  23:24, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Speqc


text:
Talk:Haunani-Kay Trask

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Chianyadri.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 23:08, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

Question about lack of information/bias in this article
Why is there more information here on Trask's "allegations of racism" than on her academic and activist work? I think this shows a bias.

Ceceliabishop97 (talk) 04:23, 27 September 2018 (UTC)Ceceliabishop97

Possible sources to use in adding to this article
https://muse.jhu.edu/article/169930 https://muse.jhu.edu/article/169930/pdf https://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-quarterly/poetry-politics https://books.google.com/books/about/From_a_Native_Daughter.html?id=YJX0oxsu174C

Thoughts on these sources?

Ceceliabishop97 (talk) 04:51, 27 September 2018 (UTC)ceceliabishop97

 * Hey Cecilia, these sources look great! Jschng (talk) 19:43, 2 April 2023 (UTC)

Sources for an article edit
I'll be using the following sources to edit this article soon!

 * Cheng, Cindy I.-Fen, editor. “Asian Settler Colonialism’s Histories.” The Routledge Handbook of Asian American Studies, Credo Reference, 2017.
 * Dennis, Yvonne Wakim, et al. “TYING IT UP.” Native American Almanac: More Than 50,000 Years of the Cultures and Histories of Indigenous Peoples, 1st ed., Visible Ink Press, 2016.
 * Farris, Phoebe. “The Poetry of Politics.” Cultural Survival Quarterly, vol. 33, no. 2, 2009, pp. 6–7.
 * Gale. “Haunani-Kay Trask.” Gale In Context: Biography, Gale Literature: Contemporary Authors, 2021, https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/H1000135740/BIC?u=wash43584&sid=bookmark-BIC&xid=b49bda03.
 * Haunani-Kay Trask Receives the 2019 Angela Y. Davis Prize From the American Studies Association. Women in Academia Report, 21 Nov. 2019.
 * Kara Dixon Vuic. “Gendering the ‘Enemy’ and Gendering the ‘Ally’: United States Militarized Fictions of War and Peace.” Routledge Histories: The Routledge History of Gender, War, and the U.S. Military, 1st ed., Routledge, 2019.
 * Sullivan, R., and K. Luomala. “Polynesian Poetry.” The Princeton Handbook of World Poetries, edited by Roland Greene and Stephen Cushman, 1st ed., Princeton University Press, 2016.
 * Trask, Haunani-Kay. “Settlers of Color and ‘Immigrant’ Hegemony: ‘Locals’ in Hawai’i.” Amerasia Journal, vol. 26, no. 2, 2000, pp. 1–24.

Jschng (talk) 19:41, 2 April 2023 (UTC)

 * I'll be using these sources for the following:
 * General copyediting (grammar, clarity, flow, spelling, etc)
 * Expand general biographical info
 * Create & expand a “Legacy” section
 * Rename “Views” to “Beliefs” section & expand
 * Create “Controversies” subsection
 * Paraphrase a large quote about feminism
 * Expand “Personal life” section
 * Make the “Family” section a subsection of “Personal life” & expand it
 * Expand “Selected works” section
 * Add “Awards” subsection to “Career”
 * Add “Further reading” section
 * Jschng (talk) 13:44, 5 April 2023 (UTC)
 * I've had this article on my watchlist for quite some time, meaning to eventually expand it, so I'm glad to see it's getting some love. If you ever need a second opinion on anything, let me know. Alyo  (chat·edits) 19:14, 5 April 2023 (UTC)
 * Hey Alyo, thanks for your input! I'd love to improve this article together :) Jschng (talk) 01:06, 6 April 2023 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: WRIT 015-31, Writing for Others
— Assignment last updated by SkylarClaire1 (talk) 13:34, 3 April 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Haunani-Kay Trask


text:
Dentate

Dentate may refer to:

 * A species having dentition
 * An energy-dissipating baffle block in a spillway
 * An individual not being edentulous
 * Dentate gyrus of the hippocampus
 * Dentate nucleus of the cerebellum
 * Denticity in chemistry
 * Dentate leaf, a kind of leaf margin
 * Dentate wing, a wing shape on Lepidoptera species

title: Dentate


text:
User:Kingka

My name is Kingka, and I'm new to Wikipedia. I enjoy it, and hope to create many useful articles. This is a default user-page that another user created for me because he was impressed by my work; I'm free to change it to be whatever I want.

title: User:Kingka


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Lynchburg Regional Airport

Lynchburg Regional Airport, also known as Preston Glenn Field, is a public use airport in Campbell County, Virginia, United States. It is located at the intersection of Route 29 South and Route 460, five nautical miles (6 mi, 9 km) southwest of the central business district of the City of Lynchburg, which owns the airport. Opened in 1931, it was originally named Preston Glenn Airport in honor of Lt. Preston Glenn, a Lynchburg native who died while serving in World War I as an Army Air Corps pilot. Mostly used for general aviation, the airport is also served by one commercial airline, American Airlines, flying Embraer ERJ-145 aircraft to Charlotte Douglas International Airport in Charlotte, North Carolina.

This airport is included in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015, which categorized it as a primary commercial service facility. As per Federal Aviation Administration records, the airport had 83,392 passenger boardings (enplanements) in calendar year 2018, 86,366 enplanements in 2009, and 93,772 in 2010.

Facilities and aircraft
Lynchburg Regional Airport covers an area of 872 acres (353 ha) at an elevation of 938 feet (286 m) above mean sea level. It has two asphalt paved runways: 4/22 is 7,100 by 150 feet (2,164 x 46 m) and 17/35 is 3,386 by 75 feet (1,032 x 23 m).

The new extended runway opened on August 12, 2007. It was extended by 1301 ft from 5799 ft to 7100 ft.

For the 12-month period ending January 31, 2022, the airport had 99,513 aircraft operations, an average of 272 per day: 94% general aviation, 5% air taxi, 2% military, and <1% commercial. At that time there were 92 aircraft based at this airport: 62 single-engine, 17 multi-engine, 10 jet, and 3 helicopter.

In June 2023, Airport Director Andrew LaGala announced that the airport had received a $600k grant from the federal government, matched by a $400k grant from the City of Lynchburg. The federal funding was provided U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) under the Small Community Air Service Development Program. Both airport and Lynchburg community officials viewed the $600,000 grant, intended for facility improvements, as an important step in expanding air service between Lynchburg and key destinations, particularly Chicago.

Future prospects
In December 2019, it was reported by local media that Lynchburg Regional Airport was experiencing a considerable increase in passenger traffic and demand for additional flights and routes. The airport was reportedly in talks with United Airlines to restart the Lynchburg to Washington-Dulles route and was also negotiating with Spirit Airlines to start flights to vacation destinations in Florida.

Airport operations were adversely impacted by COVID 19 that significantly reduced the airport's pre-pandemic average of seven flights per day that included a wide range of seating options to include first-class. Post-pandemic the airport was forced to operate with main cabin seating only, with no first-class options available to passengers. By June of 2023 airport officials noted that passenger traffic had reached about 85% of pre-pandemic levels, which were at their peak in 2019. As passenger counts increased, airport officials continued to seek increased commercial traffic but industry representatives claimed that a nationwide shortage of both pilots and aircraft were affecting expansion plans.

title: Lynchburg Regional Airport


text:
Yooper

Yooper may refer to:

 * Yoopers, people from the Upper Peninsula of Michigan (the "UP")
 * Yooper dialect: The dialect of English speech used by the inhabitants of the Upper Peninsula
 * Da Yoopers: A comedy–musical group from the area of the Upper Peninsula

title: Yooper


text:
User:Lahyder

Happy/L.A. Hyder - Fine Artist in Color Photography - http://www.lahyderphotography.com

Asked to define what I do in a few words, “I photograph the ordinary as the extraordinary” sprang full blown from my mouth.

These words fit perfectly with my images and my desire to engage viewers, via photographs of natural and architectural detail, in seeing with a different eye.

I am caught by the sun's journey throughout the day, the changes its shadows produce, drawing you in or keeping you out, and the patterns leading your eye in one direction or another. And I am challenged in bringing what catches my eye to life on the page to engage you, the viewer.

My photographs, most importantly to me, speak of possibility through the mystery and beauty of the natural and the manmade. In this day and age, the possibility of a world in harmony and the energy to make change are essential to waking each day. I continue my work with the belief that dreaming begets possibility begets reality and my images contribute to dreaming a world of harmony, i.e., where civil and social justice abound.

Does that sound pretentious and/or pollyanna-ish? ...photographs focusing on beauty having a political context? As an out lesbian of Arab descent, as an activist from the working class, as one who came of age and came to California from Massachusetts in the late 60s and who purchased her first camera within a few months of landing in San Francisco, as a feminist in her late 50s, and as a Taurus with a Scorpio moon, my life experiences support the belief there are many ways to make revolution.

Thus I come to trust my photographs fill hearts with calm and joy, fill minds with space to think, fill eyes with much to look at, and fill our days with new ways of looking at the world. Thank you for letting me share my vision with you. I trust you will enjoy the journey and look forward to my photographs gracing your walls.

Photographic bio

I am a self-taught photographer and purchased my first real camera (a Nikkormatt with a 105 mm lens) in 1969 shortly after moving to San Francisco from Worcester, Massachusetts. A few years later, when that camera was stolen, I was gifted a Hasselblad with a 150 mm lens, which I love and use to this day. For those who aren't familiar with it, the Hasselblad is a medium format camera with a 2 1/4 square inch negative. The film has 12 shots on a roll. There is no light meter in the camera, so I have a hand held meter.

It was thrilling to have a 35mm camera after much frustration trying to do "artsy" photos with an Instamatic. Emulating the photographers I saw in the 50s and 60s pictorial magazines made me very hard on myself and extremely selective with the images I chose to print. I learned to work in a darkroom, as we all did then, years later realizing I could have hired someone to make the crisp prints I like so much.

After twenty years photographing exclusively in black & white, I stopped for a few years. I did, however, continue to participate in a photography group with other women photographers, all working in differing styles. At one of our holiday gatherings, I received an Ansco plastic panoramic camera, which led to my "rebirth" as a photographer. I purchased a second one and carried both, one with color film and one with b&w. It brought the joy back to the act of photographing...along with a mischievous feeling as a professional photographer working seriously with my plastic cameras.

In 1994 I traveled to the South West for the first time, bringing the Hasselblad and color film with me. I felt it was necessary for what I expected and found to be the hugeness and boldness of the landscape. At the Acoma Pueblo I stepped back into my full excitement and experience of being a photographer, which for me lies in the feeling of looking through the lens and having all else drop away. I am rarely disappointed by these images.

In the ensuing years, my body of work has grown through traveling and making the time to photograph while at home.

How I Work

I have dubbed my images "found photographs" because of the way I work, which began with my very first roll of film in my newly adopted San Francisco. I walk in the world, camera in hand, with anticipation and expectation. When something catches my eye and imagination, I lift my camera and focus in order to see if it is as interesting within the frame as it is in its entirety. If yes, then I focus my attention on the details -- how the light falls, how the light affects texture and form, and how well does this all fit into a square format.

As does a painter on her canvas, I frame my negative in a way that enables you to travel throughout the photograph while staying involved with the image (and not sending you off the page). My smallest movement right or left, backward or forward, changes the final image, bringing another branch of a tree, another building's bricks or part of an arch, for example, to bear on the whole. I have been known to spend much time in gentle movement to find what I want in order to capture what I feel makes a dynamic image. I have also been known to walk away because I cannot bring what I first felt and saw into the frame.

Also, my photographs are printed full-frame; i.e., all of what is on the negative is printed.

Most often in my walks, I take one photograph of any given subject. When I am concentrating on a specific place, such as with the New York City public library, I spend time in and around the building - still often taking only one photograph each time something catches my eye and imagination.

I've instinctively worked this way since I began photographing and it is how I expect I'll work until I can't carry my camera. It is an exciting journey, one I hope you'll enjoy as you travel through my gallery.

title: User:Lahyder


text:
Wikipedia talk:Articles for deletion/YTCracker

 * Some links in this article could be deemed not safe for work

As far as mainstream press coverage goes, I've been featured on many reputable sites:

--

http://wirednews.com/news/culture/0,1284,67970,00.html

Wired News article in 2005 about the proliferation of Nerdcore rap and the rivalry between two of my fellow Nerdcore artists. --

http://spamkings.oreilly.com/archives/2004/10/spammin_is_slam_1.html

2004 blog entry by the author and columnist Brian McWilliams on the official site for his book Spam Kings regarding myself and the group Spamtec and its Nerdcore rhymes. --

http://news.com.com/2100-1023-242034.html?legacy=cnet

CNet article regarding AOL's CRIS breach for which I wrote an article and did interviews detailing the nature of the attack. --

http://wired-vig.wired.com/news/print/0,1294,32729,00.html

Wired News interview in 1999 related to the defacement of several government webpages. --

http://archives.cnn.com/1999/TECH/computing/12/22/feds.easy.hack.idg/

CNN/FCW article detailing weaknesses in various government sites. --

http://usgovinfo.about.com/library/news/aa020900a.htm

I cannot find the original Reuters wire that carried the quote in the final paragraph on the first section, but I am sure it is archived somewhere. --

My latest album, located at www.ytcracker.com/nes, carries a Google PR of 5, and my root site carries a PR of 4. --

All of the above articles are mirrored or contain some variation of the events that took place across many other languages, publications, and sites, which Google will show. The proverbial "blogosphere", along with other various music tracking sites will show that I have a significant fanbase and am indeed a pioneer of the music that has now come to be known as "Nerdcore". --

Photographic and video evidence:

--

http://www.ytcracker.com/images/ytshort.jpg

The CD insert off of the "Married to the Game" release by Too Short. The track "pimpandho.com" is completely computer-themed which is something Too Short knew little about, therefore I assisted him in writing this track after meeting him in Vegas in 2003. He also mentions my name towards the end of the actual song, along with KB and D-Money, both promoters of the Players' Ball (www.theplayersball.com). --

http://www.extremefetishnight.com/

http://www.nurga.com/stc/stcvegaswhee.jpg - Promotional photo in the booth of Club Ice

The Extreme Fetish Night party of 2004 was held at Club Ice (www.icelasvegas.com) in Las Vegas, Nevada. I am mentioned in the special thanks section for DJing the event. --

http://www.d-moneyshow.com/archives/playersball_vegas_january2003.html

http://www.ytcracker.com/vids/ytcrackerpb2k3.wmv

Video segments from the Players' Ball 2003 where Xzibit headlined the event, I closed it. Also performing was Digital Underground. --

http://www.nurga.com/stc/micdestroya.jpg - YTCracker and Phlow of Spamtec

http://www.nurga.com/stc/shockg.jpg - Shock G of Digital Underground

http://www.nurga.com/stc/breal.jpg - B-Real of Cypress Hill

http://www.nurga.com/stc/dmjytc.jpg - Myself and Don Magic Juan

http://www.nurga.com/stc/flav.jpg - Flava Flav and others

The most recent Players' Ball featured Flava Flav, Don Magic Juan, Cypress Hill, and Digital Underground, which I again closed the event. --

http://www.d-moneyshow.com/archives/playersball_florida_august2003.html

Video taken at the Westin Diplomat in August of 2003 for the Players' Pool Party, thrown by the promoters of the Players' Ball. Too Short was in attendance. --

I don't know what other proof is necessary and I don't even know if I have provided this in the correct format. I must say I feel very stupid and narcissistic because I am defending my entry in an encyclopedia, but I'll chalk it up to boredom.

 * Well, I'm satisfied. Wikipedia typically frowns on people creating articles about themselves (see WP:VAIN) but there's nothing stopping you from adding to an article about yourself, especially with this many sources. If you're still bored, go for it, and while you're here, think about contributing to other articles. It's addicting. android  79  23:39, August 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * I appreciate the vote of confidence. I did not originate this entry but its existence obviously came to my attention eventually.  As for contributing to other articles, I just fixed a spelling error in WP:VAIN.  Go me.


text:
EOG (disambiguation)

EOG may refer to:

 * Electrooculography
 * Electro-olfactography
 * EOG Resources, an American oil and natural gas company
 * Eye of GNOME, an image viewer
 * Orthodox Church of the Gauls (French: Église Orthodoxe des Gaules)
 * Extreme Operating Gust, a wind situation relevant in wind turbine design

title: EOG (disambiguation)


text:
Talk:Nathaniel Lucas

Untitled
Removed "explain importance" tag. The article is verifiable, and importance is not a grounds for inclusion. The article will be interesting to people with an interest in convicts. To those with no interest in convicts, I can see no way of changing the article to satisfy them. Hesperian 04:34, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

I know this article is only a stub, but it makes some assumptions. Some time in the future I will be studying this topic in detail, and hopefully I will be able to contribute. I will be able to provide a comprehensive biography, and offer some of the alternate theories that exist in contradiction to those briefly mentioned here. For example, there is conjecture that Nathaniel Lucas was framed because he was a master carpenter, and would be useful in the colony. It is also not known for sure that he actually was addicted to alcohol, and his 'suicide' is suspicious by modern standards. There is no mention of his contribution to the fledgling colony, or the naming of Lucas Heights after him.58.106.129.187 05:59, 5 July 2007 (UTC)Luke Lucas User:Dave Rave/St Luke's Anglican Church, Liverpool - Dave Rave (talk)
 * User:Dave Rave/Darling Mills

title: Talk:Nathaniel Lucas


text:
Talk:West Midlands conurbation

Untitled
Would you like to tell me why you claim that Water Orton, Coleshill etc, are part of the West Midlands conurbation when the map quite clearly shows them to be seperate. Do you actually understand what conurbation means. G-Man 23:27, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Do you actually understand what conurbation means: Yes. Unlike you, it seems. Andy Mabbett 23:30, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

I see you are adopting your usual tactic of not answering my question. That is not an answer. So let me go through this.

 * 1) A conurbation is a continuous built up area, without any breaks in the urban continuity.
 * 2) The map above clearly shows that Water Orton, Coleshill, etc are physically seperate from the continuous urban area of the West Midlands conurbation, and are separated by an area of countryside.
 * 3) Therefore if they are seperate from the urban area, they cannot by definition be part of the conurbation.

Therefore I will ask you again, how exactly can they be part of the West Midlands conurbation. G-Man 23:58, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

 * See also Talk:Coleshill, Warwickshire. These schematic maps aren't much cop, as they exaggerate the motorway width. The OS map makes your point very clear: there is a gap. 213.130.142.14 10:59, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

Can I add several places in Staffordshire that are clearly part of the conurbation? How about Perton, Lower Penn, Westcroft, Essington - possibly even Codsall (tiny gap) and Coven Heath (separated simply by M54)? All of the above mentioned are directly connected to Wolverhampton, with no (or barely any) discernable gap between. I'll not change the article in order to stay out of the editing fight...

However, I will also point out that "Greater Birmingham" isn't a phrase used to describe the West Midlands conurbation, certainly not outside Birmingham/Solihull. The use of this term once by a local newspaper in a recent story regading possible future local government caused a storm of protest in the Wolverhampton area.

 * Yes; you can - anyone can edit WIkipedia. Andy Mabbett 19:50, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

Water Orton & Coleshill
G-Man asks above why these have been included as part of the conurbation. The answer is because the government says they are. See the National Statistics page here where Coleshill, Water Orton and also Hagley in Worcestershire are the areas outside the West Midlands county which are included in the West Midlands Urban Area. The other areas mentioned above in the Wolverhampton area are not included (unless we can assume they are treated simply as part of the Wolverhampton urban area). I am re-editing the article to include this info (and also to source the figures etc.). I am also changing the figure of 2,275,000 to the figure quoted (for 2001) in the National Statistics source (2,284,093); the 2,275,000 is taken from Largest urban areas of the European Union article and I can see no definitive source on this page for the (suspiciously round) figure of 2,275,000. Valiantis 18:46, 27 September 2005 (UTC)

WikiProject: West Midlands proposal
I have proposed the creation of WikiProject: West Midlands at WikiProject Council/Proposals. If you are interested in participating in the project, if created, please add your name to the list. Thank you. - Erebus555 18:51, 17 January 2007 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of the . Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

I object to the moving of this article and request that it be returned to West Midlands Conurbation ASAP. Andy Mabbett 22:08, 13 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Yes, it would have been nice to gain a consensus for the move. Fingerpuppet 07:27, 14 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Indeed, one user has been going around systematically moving all the "Greater X" and "X conurbation" articles to "X urban area", regardless of the actual content of the articles or the established names of the areas. Along with this article, Greater Bristol, South East Dorset conurbation and Dearne Valley are especially inappropriate moves IMO.  Joe D (t) 14:37, 14 April 2007 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the . Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

This article has been renamed as the result of a move request. --Stemonitis 14:55, 19 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Thank you. Andy Mabbett 23:02, 19 April 2007 (UTC)

 * The West Midlands Urban Area might be preferable for a couple of reasons though - it's the official name (see, , ), and it would also bring this article into line with other similar articles such as Greater London Urban Area, Greater Manchester Urban Area and West Yorkshire Urban Area. If it was moved the U and the A ought to be capitalised though as they would be part of a proper noun, not a modifier of the proper noun "West Midlands". Demograph 19:57, 9 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Agreed, it should be West Midlands Urban Area and not West Midlands urban area.  L.J.Skinner wot 17:00, 12 June 2007 (UTC)

 * It should remain as "WM conurbation"; it's clear from the content that that's what this article refers to. Andy Mabbett 17:17, 12 June 2007 (UTC)

 * No it's not.

 * "According to the 2001 Census the area had a population of 2,284,093, making it the second largest conurbation in the United Kingdom." - this refers to the urban area
 * All the following (in the references section) relate to the ONS-defined urban areas.
 * Office for National Statistics: Census 2001, Key Statistics for urban areas
 * North West, including Wolverhampton
 * North East, including Walsall
 * South West, including Dudley
 * South East, including Birmingham and Solihull  L.J.Skinner wot 23:04, 12 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Yes it is; the text you cite is preceded by the caveat "Although the exact boundaries of any conurbation are open to debate,"; and does not include the areas referred to in the introduction ("the conurbation ... does include parts of the surrounding counties of Staffordshire (e.g. Little Aston, Perton), Warwickshire (specifically Coleshill and Water Orton) and Worcestershire (Hagley)"). Andy Mabbett 05:49, 13 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Indeed it does, as the article includes information regarding the ONS's West Midlands Urban Area - hence a lack of references to this point would be bad practice. The area is more commonly known as the West Midlands conurbation, and as mentioned in the article, "although the exact boundaries of any conurbation are open to debate, dependent on what criteria are used to determine where an urban area ceases", it then goes onto describe an interpretation of that, with the ONS's "50m" figure.  The European Union has a 200m definition of a single urban area - therefore the West Midlands conurbation can be seen as non-coterminus with the ONS's West Midlands Urban Area.

 * It's not at all scientific, but Google gives 81 hits for "West Midlands Urban Area" and 37,000 for "West Midlands conurbation". Fingerpuppet 06:00, 13 June 2007 (UTC)

Article name
Why is this article is called "West Midlands conurbation" when the equivalent articles for other large UK urban areas generally seem to be given their official names (eg Greater London Urban Area, Greater Manchester Urban Area, West Yorkshire Urban Area)? Shouldn't we at least use a consistent naming convention? JimmyGuano (talk) 21:18, 11 October 2010 (UTC)

 * I've brought this subject up as part of a wider issue of consistency and clarity here. JimmyGuano (talk) 20:04, 26 December 2010 (UTC)

 * Agreed, this should be called "West Midlands Urban Area". It is the official name for the conurbation as defined by the ONS, and its current name indeed goes against the accepted naming convention for UK conurbations on Wikipedia. Outrune (talk) 13:10, 8 November 2011 (UTC)

Hagley
Why is Hagley included. The article for Conurbation defines it as: A conurbation is a region comprising a number of cities, large towns, and other urban areas that, through population growth and physical expansion, have merged to form one continuous urban and industrially developed area.

A quick google maps satellite look will show you that Hagley is surrounded by fields. Clearly either Hagley's inclusion, or it's description as a Conurbation is wrong, since the two are mutually exclusive. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.114.110.24 (talk) 20:42, 23 March 2012 (UTC)

Hagley is included as part of the West Midlands conurbation because it is joint to the rest of Stourbridge, it is not completely surrounded by fields. If you take a trip down the A491 you would see that. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.25.118.65 (talk) 00:39, 5 November 2012 (UTC)

 * I came here because of edit made by 31.205.37.45 (see Talk:West Midlands (county)). The question of whether the building of a few houses by a then local farmer Don Pardo in the 1970s completed the ribbon development along the A491 to where it joins the A456, does not seem to me to be relevant as to whether Hagley (Top Hagley or West Hagley or both) is or is not part of the conurbation. What matters is what is included in reliable sources. Which reliable sources state that Hagley is part of the West Midlands conurbation and not a dormitory town/village (as is Bromsgrove)? If none are provided then the village should be removed from this article. If they are provided then include it. If they are split then include it with a qualification that the sources are divided on the issue. what should not be done is OR based on aerial photographs or driving down the A491. -- PBS (talk) 10:45, 10 April 2013 (UTC)

 * Here are two sources the first less reliable than the second:
 * written by a member of the public.
 * Number 1 is the opinion of a member of the public (who presumably lived in Hagley in the 1980s) and as such is not a reliable source even though it is published by the BBC. The title of number 2 implies that Hagley is not part of the conurbation, and that is a government source. I have just pulled up two documents returned by the Google search [Hagley West Midlands conurbation] it is not an all encompassing survey and is only meant to give examples of what is needed to decide this issue. -- PBS (talk) 11:11, 10 April 2013 (UTC)
 * Number 1 is the opinion of a member of the public (who presumably lived in Hagley in the 1980s) and as such is not a reliable source even though it is published by the BBC. The title of number 2 implies that Hagley is not part of the conurbation, and that is a government source. I have just pulled up two documents returned by the Google search [Hagley West Midlands conurbation] it is not an all encompassing survey and is only meant to give examples of what is needed to decide this issue. -- PBS (talk) 11:11, 10 April 2013 (UTC)

I have found the article that the map is based upon and it includes Hagley in the Urban Area and it is a reliable source. See: This is about as authoritative as one can get, so I think that Hagley (and the other outlying districts mentioned in the document) should be included in this article -- PBS (talk) 11:54, 10 April 2013 (UTC)
 * -- It name in Google searches is "KS urban areas_Midlands.indb - Office for National Statistics"

 * Two comments. Firstly, the mention of the Western Orbital route and the Kidderminster, Blakedown and Hagley Bypass were actually two separate road schemes promoted together, so that explains the confusion there.  Secondly, I have updated links to the XLS documents published by the ONS that  show that indeed Hagley is considered to be part of the West Midlands conurbation. Fingerpuppet (talk) 14:38, 10 April 2013 (UTC)

The map is a mess
The is an agglomeration of areas some of which are administrative units of random rank (from city/borough to constituency to ward), others are maps of the urbanised parts of areas, some are just plain wrong - for example the area marked Birmingham includes large parts of Solihull. Whatever the rationale for the various areas being named, they at least should be given their proper boundaries.

I'm guessing the map has been made from other maps (but which? The one referenced only shows part of the area and doesn't indicate any of the boundaries or subdivisions used on the map) by someone who is not familiar with the geography of the area.

Either the map should have the labelling and subdivision deleted and be used solely to identify "the heavily urbanised parts" of the West Midlands Urban Area, or it should be redrawn with the correct administrative boundaries and using consistent rank.Stub Mandrel (talk) 17:31, 25 August 2013 (UTC)

 * The map is correctly labelled and divided according to the 2001 census Urban Area Sub-Divisions. It does not display administrative units, and the [2001] Birmingham Urban Sub-division does indeed contain areas that are within the Metropolitan Borough of Solihull, just as the [2001] Wolverhampton Urban Sub-division includes areas that are administered by South Staffordshire District Council and so on.  As the article itself currently states: It should be noted that these settlements are not coterminous with the Metropolitan Boroughs of the same name. Fingerpuppet (talk) 15:38, 13 October 2013 (UTC)

 * I've changed the caption on the map so that it is not actively incorrect, but the colour coding is still quite peculiar. I'm guessing the colour-coding is due to some perceived hierarchy of importance, but if this is the case this needs to be explained and sources given for this precedence. The census sources cited and used as a source for the map seem to express no hierarchy between subdivisions that I can find. JimmyGuano (talk) 16:22, 24 November 2013 (UTC)

West Midlands Built-Up Area
Shouldn't this be the name of the article? It is it's official name after all, and similar articles refer to the metropolitan urban areas by their official names. Sammich28 (talk) 21:59, 24 August 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:West Midlands conurbation


text:
Centretown News

Centretown News was a newspaper in Ottawa published by Carleton University's school of journalism, distributed to the neighbourhood north of the school, called Centretown. Its publisher is professor and veteran journalist Randy Boswell. It ran from 1997 to 2018.

The paper is run by journalism students. They write the stories, solicit advertising, lay out the pages and edit the newspaper before it hits the streets. Students in the third year of Carleton's journalism program are required to do a reporting stint at the paper. In fourth year, students can take an optional half-credit course for a semester at the paper, where they work at rotational job postings; for instance, a student who works as the arts reporter for one issue could be the editor-in-chief for the next. These postings usually last two issues, but some students choose to stay at the same job.

Students in the Masters journalism program can also take a course at Centretown News. They manage the editorial sections and grade the undergraduates on their performance.

Centretown News' website says the circulation of the newspaper is 17,000. It is distributed free of charge to the neighbourhood bordered by the Ottawa River in the north, the Queensway freeway in the south, the Rideau Canal in the east and a railroad right-of-way in the west. It is published twice a month between September and April.

title: Centretown News


text:
Ludlow railway station

Ludlow railway station in Ludlow, Shropshire, England, lies on the Welsh Marches Line between Shrewsbury 27 mi to the north and Hereford. The station is on Station Drive, 1/2 mi to the northeast of Ludlow town centre.

History
The station opened on 21 April 1852, as the southern terminus of the first section of the Shrewsbury and Hereford Railway. Trains travelling to or from the south of the station pass through the short Ludlow Tunnel (192 yards long), which passes under Gravel Hill and has its tunnel entrance immediately south of the platforms. A quarter of a mile to the north of the station was Clee Hill Junction, where from 1864 to 1962 a branch line ran to the quarries in the nearby Clee Hills to the east of Ludlow.

The engine shed closed in 1951 and the goods yard on 6 May 1968. In the late 1960s, the Victorian buildings at the station were demolished and the last signal boxes closed.

Stationmasters

 * Hugh Morgans from 1852 (formerly goods manager at Conway)
 * Charles Allen ca. 1854 - ca. 1860
 * Richard Edwards ca. 1864 - ca. 1871
 * Martin Charles Tidmarsh ca. 1877 - 1882 (afterwards station master at Hereford)
 * Henry Hughes ca. 1884 - ca. 1898
 * Arthur Frederick Stringer ca. 1903 - ca. 1921
 * Edward Harrington 1924 - 1932 (from 1902 goods agent at Ludlow, from 1924 both roles combined)
 * Henry Edward Jones 1932 - 1942
 * Arthur Parry from 1942
 * Wilfred Henry P Glaswardine 1949 - 1952 (formerly station master at Welshpool)
 * Henry N. Duce ca. 1956

Accidents and incidents

 * At 3.15 am on 6 September 1956, a northbound parcels train, hauled by GWR 4300 Class 2-6-0 No. 9306, overran signals and ran into the rear of a Penzance to Manchester express passenger train carrying 150 passengers but caused no deaths and only one serious shock casualty. The passenger train had halted because a lorry that had crashed into a level crossing at Onibury station had blocked the track.

Passenger services
Passenger services are currently provided by Transport For Wales. The station is served by one to two trains per hour in each direction Mondays to Saturdays, and around fifteen trains each way on Sundays. There are direct trains to Crewe, Manchester Piccadilly, Shrewsbury, Hereford, Newport, Cardiff Central, Milford Haven, Chester and Holyhead. The only passenger services running on the line that do not call at Ludlow are the two North-South Wales express services that run Monday to Friday in each direction.

Ludlow is the fourth busiest station by passenger numbers in Shropshire after Shrewsbury, Telford Central and Wellington.

Facilities and access
There are two platforms — platform 1 is the northbound platform (for Shrewsbury) and platform 2 is the southbound platform (for Hereford). Whilst there is level access to the ticket office and platform 1, the footbridge can only be reached by steps from that platform, and level access to platform 2 is via a ramp down from Quarry Gardens; a long path provides a level access route that runs over the tunnel entrance between the platforms.

Facilities include a staffed ticket office (where railway-related books and light refreshments are available to buy), car parking, small weatherproof platform shelters, and an accessible adapted toilet. The platforms have no cover (Victorian canopies were removed in the 1960s). The station is served by Ludlow's two frequent 'town' bus services, the 701 and 722.

The goods shed (on the former goods yard that closed in 1968) adjacent to the railway line to the north of Station Drive is now home to the Ludlow Brewery. It has been renovated and is open to the public, with information on local railway history.

title: Ludlow railway station


text:
Dollar Academy

Dollar Academyis a private co-educational day and boarding school in Scotland. The open campus occupies a 70 acres site in the centre of Dollar, Clackmannanshire, at the foot of the Ochil Hills.

Overview
As of 2020, there are over 1,200 pupils at Dollar Academy, making it the sixth largest independent school in Scotland.

Day pupils are usually from the village of Dollar or the surrounding counties of Clackmannanshire, Stirlingshire, Perth and Kinross, and Fife. The remaining pupils are boarders. Almost 50% of the boarding pupils are from overseas, with the rest being British nationals. The overall share of international students is about 20% of all students.

History

Dollar was founded in 1818 following a bequest by Captain John McNab or McNabb. He captained, owned and leased out many ships over the decades and it is known that at least four voyages transported black slaves to the West Indies in 1789–91, less than twenty years before the Slave Trade Act 1807. In 2019, in order to understand the extent of John McNabb’s involvement in the slave trade, research was commissioned in collaboration with external advisors. The school had been "shamed" about this connection in 1998. The school also teaches about McNabb's links to the slave trade in several subjects. McNabb bequeathed part of his fortune – £65,000, –  to provide "a charity or school for the poor of the parish of Dollar where I was born".

Architecture
William Playfair was commissioned to design the building. The interior of the Playfair Building was gutted by a fire in 1961, but Playfair's Greek-style outer facades remained intact. The interior was rebuilt on a plan based on central corridors with equal-sized classrooms on both sides. An extra (second) floor was concealed, increasing the total available space. The school was re-opened in 1966 by former pupil Lord Heyworth, and the assembly hall was rebuilt after the fire. The school library is a "whispering gallery" because of its domed ceiling.

Many other buildings have been added to the school over time- such as the Dewar Building for science and the Maguire Building for art and physical education. And in 2016 the Westwater Building was added, named after Private George Philip Westwater, an FP killed in the First World War at Gallipoli. This building contains the Modern Languages department and two Economics classrooms.

Traditions
Each year full colours and half colours are awarded to senior pupils for achievement in sporting or cultural pursuits. These awards merit piping on the school blazer (blue for cultural, white for sporting) and/or a distinctive blazer badge. Internationalists' Award ties are presented to pupils, prep, junior, and senior, who have represented their country in sporting or cultural activities.

Pipe Band
The school has two main pipe bands. The "A" band won the Scottish Schools CCF Pipes and Drums competition every year from 2000 to 2012 and 2014 and 2015, as well as winning the RSPBA World Pipe Band Championships in 2010, 2014 and 2015. In 2013, the band was placed first at the last "Major" of the season, the Cowal Gathering. In 2015, the band won the Scottish, British, United Kingdom, European, and World Championships, leading to them being awarded the title "Champion of Champions". Additionally, the Novice, or "B" band won the British, Scottish, and European Championships in 2015, and was crowned "Champion of Champions".

Rectors

 * The Rev. Dr Andrew Mylne DD (1818–1850)
 * The Rev. Dr Thomas Burbidge (1850–1851)
 * The Dr John Milne LLD (1851–1868)
 * The Rev. Dr William Barrack (1868–1878)
 * George Thom (1878–1902)
 * Charles Dougall (1902–1923)
 * Hugh Martin (1923–1936)
 * Harry Bell OBE (1936–1960)
 * James Millar (1960–1962) – Acting Rector
 * Graham Richardson (1962–1975)
 * Ian Hendry (1975–1984)
 * Lloyd Harrison (1984–1994)
 * John Robertson (1994–2010)
 * David Knapman (2010–2019)
 * Ian Munro (current Rector)

Academia and science

 * John Thomas Irvine Boswell, botanist
 * John Macmillan Brown, university professor and administrator
 * Andrew Clark, Church of England clergyman, scholar, and diarist
 * Sir James Dewar, inventor of the Vacuum flask
 * John Archibald Watt Dollar, veterinarian to four monarchs
 * George Alexander Gibson, physician and geologist
 * Sir David Gill, astronomer
 * William Frederick Harvey, public health expert, Director of the Central Research Institute in India, Vice President of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
 * Professor Sir Donald Mackay, economist
 * Matthew Hay, physician and forensic expert
 * John Robertson Henderson FRSE zoologist and antiquary
 * Sir Hector Hetherington, social philosopher
 * Henry Halcro Johnston botanist
 * James MacRitchie, Municipal Engineer in Singapore 1883–95, Lighthouse Engineer in Japan
 * James Samuel Risien Russell Guyanese-British physician, neurologist,
 * Sir David Wallace, CMG, FRCSEd, Surgeon
 * Andrew Wilson FRSE (1852-1912) zoologist and author

Politics

 * Herbert Beresford, Canadian politician
 * Sir George Christopher Molesworth Birdwood, colonial administrator in India
 * Lord Constable CBE, KC, Conservative politician and judge
 * William Scott Fell, Australian Liberal politician and businessman
 * Sir John Dunlop Imrie FRSE CBE, City Chamberlain of Edinburgh 1926–1951, First Government Commissioner of Trinidad and Tobago 1951–53
 * Sir George Reid, Lord Lieutenant for Clackmannanshire and former Presiding Officer of the Scottish Parliament
 * Sir William Snadden Bt, Conservative politician
 * Euphemia Gilchrist Somerville, social worker and local politician
 * Sir Frank Swettenham, first Resident-General of the Federated Malay States
 * Mandy Telford, former President of the National Union of Students
 * James Galloway Weir, Liberal MP and sewing machine entrepreneur
 * Rt Hon Lord Keen of Elie PC QC, Conservative Party politician lawyer

Media and arts

 * Henry Clark Barlow, literary scholar
 * Ian Hamilton Finlay, poet, playwright, artist and experimental garden designer
 * Alasdair Hutton OBE TD, announcer, former journalist and politician
 * Alan Johnston, BBC Gaza correspondent taken hostage in 2007
 * Doreen Jones, casting director
 * Fergus McCreadie, jazz musician and 2022 Mercury Prize nominee
 * Fraser Nelson, journalist
 * George Henry Paulin, sculptor
 * Jessie M. Soga, LRAM, contralto singer and suffragist
 * Jo L. Walton, poet
 * Harry Raymond Egerton Watt, film director
 * Andrew Whalley, architect
 * John McAslan, architect

Law

 * Lord Brodie, judge
 * Andrew Constable, Lord Constable
 * Caroline Flanagan, President of the Law Society of Scotland 2005
 * Richard Keen, Baron Keen of Elie, Advocate General and Justice Minister
 * James Avon Clyde, Lord Clyde, judge

Military

 * Sir Charles Morton Forbes, naval officer
 * Colin Mackenzie, army and political officer in India

Royal or noble

 * The Master of Bruce (future 13th Earl of Elgin)
 * Various members of the Ethiopian Imperial Family including the nephews of Haile Selassie
 * James MacArthur of Milton, Chief of Clan Arthur
 * The Master of Moncreiff (future 7th Baron Moncreiff)
 * Sir Arthur Bolt Nicolson, 9th Bt

Business

 * Iain Anderson, automotive industry executive
 * David Greig, landowner
 * Lord Heyworth of Oxton, Chairman of Unilever and ICI
 * Sir Archibald Page, engineer and electricity supply manager
 * Sir William Reid - mining engineer and joint author of the "Reid Report" on the state of British mining
 * Sir Wei Yuk – nineteenth-century Hong Kong businessman and legislator

Sport

 * Iain Anderson, first-class cricketer
 * Jim Thompson, Scottish 7s rugby player
 * John Barclay, Scottish rugby player
 * Hamish Brown mountaineer and writer
 * Adam Kelso Fulton, Scottish rugby player
 * Cameron Glasgow, Scottish rugby player
 * Rory Lawson, Scottish rugby player
 * Graeme Morrison, Scottish rugby player
 * Jennifer McIntosh, Rifle shooter, five times Commonwealth Games Medallist, double European Champion and two-time Olympian
 * Seonaid McIntosh, Rifle shooter, double Commonwealth Games Medallist, World Champion, double European Champion and Olympian
 * Shirley McIntosh, Rifle shooter, four times Commonwealth Games Medallist
 * Archibald MacLaren, gymnast, fencing master and author
 * Mike Adamson, former Scottish rugby player and referee
 * Hugh Stewart, cricketer and cricket administrator

Miscellaneous

 * Sara Mendes da Costa, voice of the speaking clock
 * Charles Maxwell Heddle, merchant
 * Sir Thomas Morison Legge, factory inspector
 * Tom Kitchin, chef
 * G. A. Frank Knight, minister, archaeological author, and conchologist

Notable teachers

 * Andrew Bell (1753–1832), educationalist and divine (Mathematics Master)
 * Patrick Syme (1774-1845), flower painter
 * Patrick Gibson (1782–1829), landscape painter (Professor of Painting)
 * William Tennant (1784–1848), linguist and poet (Master of Classical and Oriental Languages)
 * Prof David Laird Adams (1837–1892) (Classical and Oriental languages)
 * Adam Robson (1928-2007), Scottish Rugby Internationalist (Head of Art)
 * Jilly McCord (History and Modern Studies Teacher)

title: Dollar Academy


text:
Rhythm and Booms

Rhythm and Booms was an annual summer fireworks show in Madison, Wisconsin.

History
The show was held on the last Saturday in June. From its inception in 1993 through 2013 the event was held at Warner Park. Upwards of 200,000 people regularly attended the celebration.

Location Change
In 2014, the fireworks display moved from Warner Park to downtown Madison. Environmental concerns, nimbyism, and cost reduction were all cited by city officials as reasons for the move.

Demise
In 2015, after 22 years, the celebration was cancelled by event organizers. Rhythm and Booms has since been replaced by a new event, Shake the Lake.

Fireworks
30 minutes of fireworks were launched from Warner park on Madison’s north side.

Production
The show was owned and operated by a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization, Madison Festivals, Inc. Some proceeds from Rhythm & Booms went to local charities, including American Family Children's Hospital.

title: Rhythm and Booms


text:
Stellate cell

Stellate cells are neurons in the central nervous system, named for their star-like shape formed by dendritic processes radiating from the cell body. Many stellate cells are GABAergic and are located in the molecular layer of the cerebellum. Stellate cells are derived from dividing progenitor cells in the white matter of postnatal cerebellum. Dendritic trees can vary between neurons. There are two types of dendritic trees in the cerebral cortex, which include pyramidal cells, which are pyramid shaped and stellate cells which are star shaped. Dendrites can also aid neuron classification. Dendrites with spines are classified as spiny, those without spines are classified as aspinous. Stellate cells can be spiny or aspinous, while pyramidal cells are always spiny. Most common stellate cells are the inhibitory interneurons found within the upper half of the molecular layer in the cerebellum. Cerebellar stellate cells synapse onto the dendritic trees of Purkinje cells and send inhibitory signals. Stellate neurons are sometimes found in other locations in the central nervous system; cortical spiny stellate cells are found in layer IVC of the primary visual cortex. In the somatosensory barrel cortex of mice and rats, glutamatergic (excitatory) spiny stellate cells are organized in the barrels of layer 4. They receive excitatory synaptic fibres from the thalamus and process feed forward excitation to 2/3 layer of the primary visual cortex to pyramidal cells. Cortical spiny stellate cells have a 'regular' firing pattern. Stellate cells are chromophobes, that is cells that does not stain readily, and thus appears relatively pale under the microscope.

Cerebellar stellate cells are inhibitory and GABAergic. Stellate and basket cells originate from the cerebellar ventricular zone (CVZ) along with Purkinje cells and Bergmann glia Due to their similarity, basket and stellate cells are grouped together when examined during migration, especially given they follow the same pathway. After mitosis, these cells start in the deep layer of the white matter and migrate up through the internal granular layer (IGL) and purkinje cell layer (PCL) until they reach the molecular layer. During their time in the molecular layer, they change orientation and positioning until they eventually end up in the middle portion of this layer, facing the rostrocaudal direction. Once in this layer, the stellate cells are guided to their correct placement by Bergman glial cells.

GABAergic aspinous stellate cells are found in the somatosensory cortex. Apart from visual classification of the aspinous dendrites, they can be immunohistochemically labelled with glutamic acid decarboxylase(GAD) because of their GABAergic activity, and occasionally colocalize with neuropeptides.

title: Stellate cell


text:
List of San Francisco Giants team records

The San Francisco Giants are a Major League Baseball (MLB) franchise based in San Francisco, California. The team was originally formed in 1883 as the New York Gothams, then the club was renamed the New York Giants in 1885. 75 years later, in 1958, the franchise moved to its current day city, San Francisco. Through the 2017 season, the Giants have played 20,528 games, winning 11,015, and losing 9,513 for a winning percentage of approximately .537. This list documents the superlative records and accomplishments of team members during their tenures as Gothams or Giants.

Team all-time records

 * Source:

Team single-season records

 * Batting statistics; pitching statistics

Team single-game records
From 1901 onwards:

Postseason

 * Consecutive postseason series wins - 11 (tie for MLB record with 1998-2001 Yankees)
 * Consecutive game wins when facing post-season elimination - 9 (MLB record)


text:
Plumber's snake

A plumber's snake or drain snake or drain auger is a slender, flexible auger used to dislodge clogs in plumbing. The plumber's snake is often reserved for difficult clogs that cannot be loosened with a plunger. It is also sometimes called a toilet jack. A plumbers snake is often used by plumbers to clear a clogged drain pipe or sanitary sewer.

Auger varieties
Plumber's snakes have a coiled (helix-shaped) metal wire with a broader gap between the coils at the terminal end. The operator turns a crank to rotate the helix as it moves through the pipe.

If the clog is caused by a dense, but shreddable obstacle, such as tree roots or glass wool, the auger might break it up enough to enable flow. A small, lightweight obstruction might be snagged or corkscrewed by the auger, enabling the operator to pull it away. As the auger cable rotates, it also flails against the interior walls of the pipe, scraping off minerals and oil.

Hand auger / hand spinner
Hand augers are useful for clearing sink and bathtub drains. They are unsuitable for sending through flush toilets, because the wire might damage the bowl; also, flush toilets have relatively large drain channels in which the narrow snake can become tangled. (A $1/4$-inch cable, for example, should never be used in a drain with a calibre of more than two inches.)

Closet auger / toilet auger
The closet auger (named after water closet) feeds a relatively short auger through a hook-shaped length of metal tubing. The hook shape makes it easier to feed the auger into the toilet. A plastic or rubber boot on the end of the rigid tubing protects the finish of the visible porcelain. Since most toilet clogs occur in the trap built into the bowl, the short cable is sufficient to break up or retrieve the majority of clogs.

Drum augers
A drum auger is a motorized auger with modular blades designed for various gauges of pipe. A drum auger is powerful enough to cut through tree roots. Used unskillfully, they can also damage plastic pipework and even copper tubing.

Roto-Rooter
The Roto-Rooter is an electric auger invented in 1933 by Samuel Blanc, an American. His wife named the invention, because the cable and blades rotated as they cut through tree roots inside sewer pipe. Competing companies made imitations after Blanc's patent expired in 1953, but the namesake machine is manufactured by and for a US company called the Roto-Rooter Plumbing & Drain Service.

title: Plumber's snake


text: Talk:Rhythm and Booms

title: Talk:Rhythm and Booms


text:
Wikipedia talk:Requests for arbitration/-Ril-/Proposed decision

A brief but probably important point
A bit of wikilawyering, but this does not not address the current "indefinite ban" on editing anywhere, including User talk:-Ril- (since that page has been protected by TUC. see here). Tomer TALK 23:31, August 18, 2005 (UTC)

Sig?
The proposed findings of fact include mention of the signature question, but the remedies don't. -Splash talk 02:35, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Largely for of my own curiosity, though perhaps also of possible future precedent or generalisation, what does the 'Com have in mind as the standard as a "non-confusing signature"? Absence of wiki-coding gimmicks that tend to screw up writing or copying it?  That it resemble the user's username to some intuitively obvious extent?  Neither, both...?  Alai 23:25, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

Edit warring
I was under the impression that Ril's edit warring was one of the major contentions in this arbitration. But that is not addressed in the remedies or even the findings of fact. I realize you may have discussed this somewhere, but I just wanted to make sure it isn't overlooked. Dmcdevit·t 08:18, 20 October 2005 (UTC)


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Golgi cell

In neuroscience, Golgi cells are the most abundant inhibitory interneurons found within the granular layer of the cerebellum. Golgi cells can be found in the granular layer at various layers. The Golgi cell is essential for controlling the activity of the granular layer. They were first identified as inhibitory in 1964. It was also the first example of an inhibitory feedback network in which the inhibitory interneuron was identified anatomically. Golgi cells produce a wide lateral inhibition that reaches beyond the afferent synaptic field and inhibit granule cells via feedforward and feedback inhibitory loops. These cells synapse onto the dendrite of granule cells and unipolar brush cells. They receive excitatory input from mossy fibres, also synapsing on granule cells, and parallel fibers, which are long granule cell axons. Thereby this circuitry allows for feed-forward and feed-back inhibition of granule cells.

Connections
The cerebellar network contains a large number of connections between Golgi cells. The main synapse made by these cells is a synapse onto the mossy fibre–granule cell excitatory synapse in a glomerulus. The glomerulus is made up of the mossy fibre terminal, granule cell dendrites, and the Golgi terminal, and is enclosed by a glial coat. The Golgi cell acts by altering the mossy fibre - granule cell synapse. According to reports, granule cells mostly connect to the Golgi cell through parallel fibers, while synapses may also play a role. It has been shown that the climbing fibers connect to the Golgi cells by reentering the higher granular layer through thin collateral branches that reach slightly below the Purkinje cells. Three different types of inhibitory interneurons—basket and stellate cells, which are found in the molecular layer, and Golgi cells, which are found in the granular layer—are triggered by parallel fibers and control the activity of Purkinje cells.

In the theta frequency range, Golgi cells exhibit pacemaking, resonance, phase-reset, and rebound-excitation. These characteristics probably have an effect on their behavior. In vivo, exhibiting erratic, spontaneous beating regulated by sensory inputs and sudden, quiet pauses between burst responses to punctuate stimulus. Furthermore, the network's Golgi cell interaction offers insight into how these neurons may control the spatiotemporal arrangement of cerebellar activity. It turns out that Golgi cells can affect both the temporal dynamics and the geographical distribution of information relayed across the cerebellar network. Golgi cells also control the mossy fiber–granule cell synapse's production of long-term synaptic plasticity. Thus, the idea that Golgi cells play a crucial role in controlling the activity of the granular layer network, which has significant implications for cerebellar computing, is beginning to take shape.

Glutamatergic stimuli are the primary excitatory inputs to Golgi cells. Current research indicates that NMDA receptors and AMPA receptors are involved at mossy fiber-Golgi cell relays. Golgi cell circuit functions also seem to be regulated by metabotropic glutamate receptors. Golgi cells possess mGluR2 receptors, and when these receptors are activated, an inward rectifier K current is enhanced, aiding in the Golgi cell's silencing after a period of intensive granule cell-Golgi cell transmission. This mGluR2-dependent process could make it easier for extended bursts to travel through the mossy fiber-granule cell route.

Neurotransmitters
Golgi cells predominantly use GABA and glycine as neurotransmitters, although depending on their target, a single Golgi cell will selectively facilitate GABAergic or glycinergic transmission. When Golgi cells are activated, granule cells and UBCs exhibit GABAergic and glycinergic currents, respectively. This is primarily because Golgi cells corelease GABA and glycine at each individual bouton, which is a result of cell-type-specific postsynaptic receptor expression and/or trafficking to the synapse. Based on electron microscopy and electrophysiological evidence, it was believed that molecular layer interneurons (stellate and basket cells) form GABAergic synapses on Golgi cell dendrites. However, more recent research challenges the existence of these functional synapses. Instead, local interneurons provide just a small fraction of the inhibitory inputs to Golgi cells in the molecular layer, and most of these inputs only release GABA. Rather, Golgi cells are innervated by GABAergic cells in the DCN, indicating that Golgi cells get a large input of feedback inhibition from the deep cerebellar nuclei to modulate local inhibitory networks. The basal level of GABA produces a postsynaptic leak conductance by tonically activating alpha 6-containing GABA-A receptors on the granule cell. These high-affinity receptors are located both synaptically and extrasynaptically on the granule cell. The synaptic receptors mediate phasic contraction, duration of around 20–30ms, whereas the extrasynapatic receptors mediate tonic inhibition of around 200ms, and are activated by synapse spill over.

Additionally the GABA acts on GABA-B receptors which are located presynaptically on the mossy fibre terminal. These inhibit the mossy fibre evoked EPSCs of the granule cell in a temperature and frequency dependent manner. At high mossy firing frequency (10 Hz) there is no effect of GABA acting on presynaptic GABA-B receptors on evoked EPSCs. However, at low (1 Hz) firing the GABA does have an effect on the EPSCs mediated via these presynaptic GABA-B receptors.

Golgi cells are necessary for complex motor coordination, as this study shows "Ablation of Cerebellar Golgi Cells Disrupts Synaptic Integration Involving GABA Inhibition and NMDA Receptor Activation in Motor Coordination" conducted by Watanabe, D., Inokawa, H., et al. Moreover, such compound motions depend on a synaptic integration that is generated from granule cell NMDA receptor activation and GABA-mediated inhibition. Eventually, the Golgi cells use an expanded axonal plexus to block broad fields of granule cells. The fundamental questions of whether dendritic processing underlies the theory-predicted spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP) and how synaptic inputs govern the generation of Golgi cell spikes remain unanswered. It's interesting to note that dendrites express a diverse set of Ca, Na, and K ionic channels that may have an effect on dendritic computation, while mossy fiber–Golgi cell synapses express NMDA channels, which are essential for synaptic plasticity. Making a forecast regarding the potential interconnections between these many active features is challenging and necessitates a thorough computational examination of synaptic integration and the neuron's electrogenic architecture.

Golgi type I
The cell bodies of Golgi type I neurons are medium-to-large. A Golgi type I neuron has a long axon that begins in the grey matter of the central nervous system and may extend from there. Their cell bodies were mostly multipolar, yet occasionally they might have been triangular in shape and lacking any appendages or spines. They possessed three to ten principal dendrites. There were no appendages or spines on these dendrites. The cells' dendrites had abundant arborizations.

These neurons have tufted and radiated branching patterns in their dendrites compared to the tufted pattern, the radiating branching pattern was more prevalent. The density of dendritic trees is typically present in these cells, but the quantity and diameter of primary dendrites are highly irregular. Outside the cell body, three to eleven dendrites are visible. Prior to splitting into tertiary branches, it quickly give rise to thinner secondary dendrites.

It is also known as a projection neuron. They include the neurons forming peripheral nerves and long tracts of brain and spinal cord. with somata usually ranging from 20 to 40μm. Golgi II neurons, in contrast, are defined as having short axons or no axon at all. This distinction was introduced by the pioneering neuroanatomist Camillo Golgi, on the basis of the appearance under a microscope of neurons stained with the Golgi stain that he had invented. Santiago Ramón y Cajal postulated that higher developed animals had more Golgi type II in comparison to Golgi type I neurons. These Golgi type II neurons have a star-like appearance, and are found in cerebral and cerebellar cortices and retina.

Golgi type II
These neurons' cell bodies were ovoid, spheroid, or multipolar. A Golgi type II neuron either has no axon or else a short axon that does not send branches out of the gray matter of the central nervous system. Golgi type II dendrites have approximately symmetrical synaptic connections and have pale, asymmetric, and frequently massive profiles that contain huge pleomorphic vesicles. Golgi type II axon synaptic terminals may resemble dendritic endings, however many axonal endings seem to have narrower profiles with smaller, flatter vesicles. Their average diameter varied from 12 to 30 lm, with a mean of 22.2 lm on average (5.8 ± n = 120). Compared to Golgi type I neurons, Golgi type II neurons have a greater nucleus to cytoplasm ratio (N/C). Compared to Golgi type I neurons, these neurons' dendrites exhibit significantly less tufted dendrites. Two in the ten main dendrites protruded from the cell body and produced a small number of branches. Golgi type II neuron generates dendro-dendritic connections with the main neuron in terminal aggregates termed synaptic nests. Afferent axons descending from the auditory cortex and ascending from the posterior colliculus form synaptic connections with both kinds of neurons.

The Golgi type II cells might be excitatory or inhibitory interneurons, or they can be both. Golgi type II cells function as inhibitory interneurons, which could produce response patterns that make the primary neurons more responsive to the beginning of stimuli and to temporal variations in the afferent input. Golgi type II cells, being excitatory interneurons, have the ability to produce gradual or continuous response patterns that have the tendency to extend specific signal trains. In each scenario, the cortical analysis of sound locations and temporal patterns depends on the synaptic interactions between Golgi type II cells to define the spatial and temporal features of stimulus coding.

title: Golgi cell


text:
List of San Francisco Giants broadcasters

Primary broadcast team
For most Giants radio broadcasts on KNBR, Jon Miller and Dave Flemming take turns calling play-by-play (usually Miller will call innings 1-2, 5-6, 8-9, and Flemming will call innings 3-4, and 7). The Giants' telecasts on NBC Sports Bay Area and KNTV feature Duane Kuiper as play-by-play announcer with Mike Krukow as color analyst.

Through 2010, Miller held a second job as play-by-play announcer for ESPN Sunday Night Baseball, and therefore usually missed weekend Giants games. On these occasions, Greg Papa would take Miller's place on either the television or radio side; however, on weekends when the Giants were featured on Fox television (Saturday) or ESPN (Sunday) and therefore not on local TV, Kuiper and Krukow would join Flemming on the radio, and Miller would generally work the Saturday game if ESPN was in San Francisco that weekend. Since leaving ESPN, Miller also calls select games on NBC Sports Bay Area.

On July 14, 2006, for a Friday night home game, Flemming made his television broadcast debut for the Giants. Since then, Flemming and Kuiper have taken turns calling games on the radio and on NBC Sports Bay Area (Flemming calling innings 1-3, 7-9, and Kuiper calling innings 4-6 on the radio; and vice versa on TV) whenever Miller is off. Similarly, Miller and Kuiper also take turns on KNBR and NBC Sports Bay Area (Miller calling innings 1-3, 7-9, and Kuiper calling innings 4-6 on the radio; and vice versa on TV) when Flemming is off. During most road games, Flemming will call innings 1-3 and 7-9 on NBC Sports Bay Area, while Miller will call 4-6 (and vice versa on KNBR). On road trips when Kuiper comes, it would be like a normal home game unless Flemming is gone, so either KNBR will bring in Joe Ritzo or if the game is on national television, Kuiper will call the game with Miller.

After every game all of the announcers come together on the radio side for the "post game wrap", recapping the game's key plays and selecting players-of-the-game in humorous fashion.

Additional broadcasters
F.P. Santangelo, formerly with the Washington Nationals, assisted Flemming on some broadcasts, and retired broadcaster Lon Simmons (died 2015) was usually present several times a season. Since May 2007, and only during weekend home games and road games against the A's, retired Giants first baseman J.T. Snow has performed color analyst duties alongside Flemming. In the 2010 season, Doug Greenwald (son of former Giants broadcaster Hank Greenwald and regular announcer for the AAA (Fresno Grizzlies) called several Giants radio broadcasts as a substitute for Flemming. Former Giants reliever Jeremy Affeldt joined Kuiper for a radio broadcast on September 15, 2016.

Joe Ritzo and F.P. Santangelo are currently the fill-ins on KNBR when Kuiper, Miller, and/or Flemming are off/on TV. Shawn Estes, Javier Lopez, and Hunter Pence fill in for Mike Krukow when he is off.

Spanish-language radio broadcasts are handled by Erwin Higueros, who calls the play-by-play, and Tito Fuentes, who performs color analyst duties. Marvin Benard also serves as a color analyst for road games.

Past broadcasters
Over the years, the Giants have employed numerous other on-air broadcasters, including Hall of Famers Russ Hodges and Lon Simmons, as well as Al Michaels, Hank Greenwald, Ron Fairly, Lindsey Nelson, Ted Robinson, and Joe Angel, among others in English, and Amaury Pi-Gonzalez, in Spanish.

Television

 * Frank Frisch: 1947
 * Steve Ellis: 1947–1948
 * Russ Hodges: 1949–1957
 * Al Helfer: 1949
 * Ernie Harwell: 1950–1953
 * Bob DeLaney: 1954–1957
 * Jim Woods: 1957

Radio

 * Arch McDonald: 1939
 * Garnett Marks: 1939
 * Mel Allen: 1939–1940, 1942
 * Joe Bolton: 1940
 * Connie Desmond: 1942
 * Bill Slater: 1944–1945
 * Don Dunphy: 1944
 * Al Helfer: 1945, 1949
 * Jack Brickhouse: 1946
 * Steve Ellis: 1946–1947
 * Frank Frisch: 1947–1948
 * Maury Farrell: 1948
 * Russ Hodges: 1949–1957
 * Ernie Harwell: 1950–1953
 * Bob DeLaney: 1954–1957
 * Jim Woods: 1957

Television

 * Russ Hodges: 1958–1971
 * Lon Simmons: 1958–1973, 1977–1978, 1996–2002
 * Bill Thompson: 1966–1973
 * Al Michaels: 1974–1976
 * Gary Park: 1974–1987
 * Lindsey Nelson: 1979–1981
 * Edgard Martinez: 1981
 * Hank Greenwald: 1982–1986, 1989–1992
 * Phil Stone: 1986
 * Joe Morgan: 1986–1993
 * Ron Fairly: 1987, 1990–1992
 * Duane Kuiper: 1985–1992, 1994–present
 * Steve Physioc: 1988-1989
 * Ted Robinson: 1993–2001
 * Mike Krukow: 1993–present
 * Jon Miller: 1997–present
 * Joe Angel: 2002–2003
 * Tim McCarver: 2002
 * Greg Papa: 2004–2006
 * Dave Flemming: 2006–present
 * Jeremy Affeldt: 2017
 * Javier López: 2017–present
 * Shawn Estes: 2019-present
 * Hunter Pence: 2021-present

Radio

 * Russ Hodges: 1958–1971
 * Lon Simmons: 1958–1973, 1976–1978, 1997–2002
 * Bill King: 1958–1962
 * Bill Thompson: 1965–1973
 * Bill Rigney: 1969
 * Al Michaels: 1974–1976
 * Art Eckman: 1974–1975
 * Joe Angel: 1977–1978, 2002–2003
 * Lindsey Nelson: 1979–1981
 * Hank Greenwald: 1979–1986, 1989–1996
 * Dennis Higgins 2000
 * David Glass: 1981–1985
 * Phil Stone: 1986
 * Ron Fairly: 1987–1992
 * Wayne Hagin: 1987–1988
 * Duane Kuiper: 1992, 1996–present
 * Joe Morgan: 1992
 * Ted Robinson: 1993–2001
 * Barry Tompkins: 1993
 * Mike Krukow: 1994–2003, 2006–present
 * Jon Miller: 1997–present
 * Dave Flemming: (2003 substitute only) 2004–present
 * Greg Papa: 2004–2009
 * Joe Ritzo: 2021-present
 * F. P. Santangelo 2022-present

Spanish radio

 * Enrique Bolanos: 1982
 * Carlos Rivera: 1982, 1992
 * Tito Fuentes: 1982-1991, 2005–present
 * Ramón Rodriguez: 1983
 * Armando Provedor: 1984-1985
 * Edgard Martinez:1981–1986, 1988, 1994
 * Julio González: 1989–1990, 1993–1997
 * Eduardo Ortega: 1991
 * Rene De La Rosa: 1993–1999
 * Amaury Pi-Gonzalez: 1996–2006
 * Erwin Higueros: 1998–present
 * Marvin Benard: 2016–present

Television

 * WNBT: 1947-1948
 * WPIX: 1949-1957

Radio

 * WABC: 1939-1941
 * WOR: 1942-1943
 * WINS: 1944-1945
 * WMCA: 1946-1957

Television

 * KTVU: 1961–2007
 * GiantsVision: 1986–1989
 * NBC Sports Bay Area: 1990-present (known as SportsChannel Pacific 1990-1997, Fox Sports Bay Area 1998-2007, Comcast Sports Bay Area 2008-2016

Radio

 * KSFO: 1958-1978
 * KNBR: 1979–present
 * KNBR-FM: 2019-present (HD simulcast of KNBR AM)

Spanish radio

 * KOFY: 1981–1985
 * KIQI: 1986–1988, 2009–2011
 * KLOK: 1989–1991, 2005–2008
 * KZSF: 1999
 * KTRB: 2012–2016
 * KKSF: 2016
 * KXZM: 2017–present


text:
French ship Belle Poule

Four ships of the French Navy have borne the name Belle Poule.

Ships
The ships are:

 * the 36-gun frigate FRENCH FRIGATE Belle Poule, famous for her duel against the English frigate HMS Arethusa (1759) on 17 June 1778, which started the French intervention in the American War of Independence; the British 64-gun ship of the line HMS Nonsuch (1774) captured her in 1780 and she was broken up in 1801.
 * the 40-gun frigate FRENCH SHIP Belle Poule (1802–1806), which acted as a commerce raider in the Indian Ocean until the British captured her in 1806
 * the 60-gun frigate FRENCH SHIP Belle Poule (1828–1888), famous for bringing back the remains of Napoléon from Saint Helena to France in 1840; she was under command of François d'Orléans, Prince of Joinville, and was painted black for the mission
 * The modern schooner FRENCH SCHOONER Belle Poule, training ship of the Naval Academy, whose actions with the Free French Forces during the Second World War are commemorated by her bearing a French flag with the Croix de Lorraine.

Name
The name Belle Poule derives from an incident in 1533. Francis I was presented with the keys of Toulouse by Paule de Viguier, the baroness Fronteville. Paule was a young girl known for her beauty, and Francis nicknamed her la belle Paule. The name became altered over time to belle poule through the difference between French and Occitan pronunciation. The name was later adopted by a Gironde corsair for his vessel, giving rise to it as a ship name in the French navy.

Another version of the story is that Francis called her belle poule, as a play on words. The word belle is "beautiful", while poule is a reference to her name, Paule, but also means "chick", which in French, as it was later in English, can refer to a young girl.

title: French ship Belle Poule


text:
Toe the line

"Toe the line" is an idiomatic expression meaning either to conform to a rule or standard, or to stand in formation along a line. Other phrases which were once used in the early 1800s and have the same meaning were "toe the mark" and "toe the plank".

Origins
The expression has disputed origins, though the two earliest known appearances in print are from the British Army, and the third from the Royal Navy. Those suggested are from public school, the armed services, Bare Knuckle Boxing, or possibly the British House of Commons.

Armed services
In the earliest known appearance of the phrase in print, The Army Regulator, 1738, an officer forming ranks of soldiers says: "Silence you dogs, toe the line...".

The phrase's next known appearance was in 1775's 'An Easy Plan of Discipline for a Militia ', in which parading soldiers are instructed to "...bring their toes to the line c g, at the second step they toe the line c h..."

The phrase appeared as a naval term in 1831, describing events of 1803: "..on the quarter deck we were arranged in a line, each with his toes at the edge of a plank..." to be subjected to "scoldings technically called 'toe-the-line' matches.' "

The phrase "toeing a line" appeared in Captain Maryatt's story "Poor Jack", which was published in several American newspapers in 1841. It refers to the crew of a ship being marshaled and inspected by a lieutenant.

The most likely origin of the term goes back to the wooden decked ships of the Royal Navy during the late 17th or early 18th century. Barefooted seamen had to stand at attention for inspection and had to line up on deck along the seams of the wooden planks, hence to "toe the line". The first known mention of this use in literature stems from a story about navy life widely published in 1831 and written by Captain Basil Hall RN. Hall served in the Royal Navy from 1802.

On some military parade-grounds there are white lines marked, along which soldiers form up, with their toes just touching the line.

School
It is common practice in many long-established schools for roll-call to be taken twice a day, at which the pupils line up with their toes exactly along a particular line on the floor, while their names are called out for them to respond to, indicating their presence.

Reference to toeing the line in schools appeared in 1845: "...the class formed themselves, 'toed the line'...”

House of Commons
It is commonly and erroneously thought that its origins lie in the British House of Commons where sword-strapped members were instructed to stand behind lines that were two sword-lengths apart from their political rivals in order to restore decorum. However, there is no record of a time when Members of Parliament were allowed to bring swords into the Chamber. Historically, only the Serjeant at Arms carries a sword as a symbol of his role in Parliament. There are loops of pink ribbon in the Members' cloakroom for MPs to hang up their swords before entering the Chamber to this very day as a result of this rule. In fact, there were not any lines in the Chamber in the days that gentlemen carried swords.

Boundary line
A slightly different use of the term was found in an 1816 magazine, which stated, The Thalweg of the Rhine shall toe the line of separation between France and the German States; .... The meaning in this context was marked the line of separation.

An earlier 1813 publication had used the term toe the mark which had the same meaning as toe the line's modern usage, where the author wrote He began to think it was high time to toe the mark. An 1828 publication also used toe the plank with a similar meaning.

Other suggested origins
Over the years the term has been attributed to sports, including toeing the starting line in track events and toeing a center line in boxing, where boxers were instructed to line up on either side of to start a match. However, the earlier boxing term was toeing the scratch, referring to a scratch mark on the floor. One of the earliest references related to an English prize fight in 1840.

Byam Shaw's painting Toeing the Line, depicting a scene at Ascot, alludes to it being a term used in horse racing.

Misspelling as "tow the line"
"Toe the line" is often misspelled "tow the line", substituting a familiar verb "tow" for the unfamiliar verbal use of "toe." "Tow" does not accord with any of the proposed etymologies, so "tow the line" is a linguistic eggcorn.

Modern usage
Its modern-day use includes the context of partisan or factional politics, as in "He's toeing the party line", the context of athletics where it describes runners poised at the starting line, and in the context of behavior where the miscreant is expected to "toe the line". The first published use in a political context was in March 1826, where Willie Mangum of the United States House of Representatives proposed that "every member might 'toe the mark'." The behavioral use also stems from around that time.

The term continues to be used in the context of cross-country and track and field running, although sometimes also symbolically in bicycle races to be at one's mark along the starting line before a race.

Besides its literal use in middle and long-distance running, the term is still in literal use in the military, particularly the US Army. Some barracks have two solid lines, each approximately three inches wide and placed five feet apart, either taped or painted, running down the center of the entire length of their floor. The soldiers are ordered to "toe the line". At this command they cease their activities and line up with their toes on the line.

In an odd form of an extension of military discipline, "toe the line" is a phrase used in prison or jail settings when guards expect prisoners to line up for a variety of reasons such as a basic head count, full roll call, prisoner or cell searches, at meal time or to meet any number of other reasons when it comes to accomplishing a task or goal involving the imprisoned where order is necessary. In the jail or prison scenario, to "toe the line" literally means stepping up to or following the lines which are commonly found as painted on or otherwise applied to the floors of the prisons.

In the game of darts, many places where it is played have a line marked on the floor that shows the closest point that the player may stand when launching darts at the dartboard.

In 1946 the writer George Orwell explicitly disparaged the idiomatic use of the phrase as an example of "worn-out metaphors which have lost all evocative power and are merely used because they save people the trouble of inventing phrases for themselves."

The expression is used in a Beatles song—"Trying just to make you toe the line" in 1965's "Run for Your Life"—and is the basis for Rocky Burnette's 1980 hit song, "Tired of Toein' the Line". It is also mentioned in the song "Walk A Thin Line" by Lindsey Buckingham on the 1979 album "Tusk" by Fleetwood Mac.

title: Toe the line