text:
User talk:Goochelaar

Don Giovanni
Thanks for trying to help with this. Please see Talk:Don_Giovanni. Best. -- Klein zach  23:27, 16 December 2009 (UTC)

Re: I am puzzled
"In a very short time you have inserted a lot of 'citation needed' tags, all in articles I have started or to which I have contributed in significant measure. Are you trying to make some point I do not understand?"

Very much so. You have appealed to the "reliable source" rule to remove a reference that someone made to a book which was self-published (written by me, so I am rather sensitive to this), rather than considering that the only real issue is whether the mathematics is relevant and accurate. I am showing you, in effect, that adherence to the letter of Wikipedia's rules in such cases, to the point of obnoxiousness, can be counter-productive. -- BRG (talk) 20:24, 5 March 2010 (UTC)

 * The "reliable source" guidelines are intended to cover things like biographical information, where anyone can make stuff up and so it is necessary to check whether the information is based on facts. Mathematics is something quite different. You can't make up mathematics; it's either correct (and thus, verifiable without sources!) or not. So where a work is published is irrelevant, and I don't understand that you cannot realize this.

 * On the other hand, your articles in question are exactly the kind that need reliable sources. If you do not provide a source for every single fact you cite you are open to criticism under the same (I think stupid, but if you agree with WP guidelines, you are bound to obey them!) rule. So go back and put in all your sources!

 * You have stated that you "find WP guidelines, on the whole, to be sound, and I dislike seeing them disregarded." I feel the opposite. Five years ago, Wikipedia was a better place, without these guidelines. Editors who put in nonsense still were able to have those things deleted. Since "notability" and "reliable sources" have been invented, Wikipedia is a place I would probably quit editing, if there were a decent alternative. Unfortunately nobody else has the resources that Jimmy Wales had when he started Wikepedia.

 * You have cited WP:POINT. There is, however, also WP:RRULE. It is certainly not reasonable to invoke the "reliable source" rule in a case such as this, because the whole thrust of that rule is "verifiability." And as I stated, if the mathematics is verifiable, it does not matter that the source is a self-published book. -- BRG (talk) 20:15, 6 March 2010 (UTC)

La Vita Nuova
Hey Goochelaar, do you care to see if, in a few weeks or so, we can't get to work giving a new life to the New Life? It is not in good shape but I'm a bit too busy right now, and I also think that the article would benefit from your expertise. All the best, Dr Aaij (talk) 17:08, 10 March 2010 (UTC)

Italy-USA Foundation
Thanks for your warning, I will include some sources as soon as possible. Scott335 (talk) 08:44, 20 March 2010 (UTC)

 * Some references have been included, can you kindly tell me if the article is better now? Thanks. Scott335 (talk) 08:06, 22 March 2010 (UTC)

Contrapasso
I've restored that link, and done some fixing. -- Radagast 3 (talk) 09:08, 6 June 2010 (UTC)

Rome Entry
Hi!

I'm relatively new in this thing of editing wiki pages so I hope I'm doing this talk attempt in the right place. If not, sorry in advance.

The thing is that you've recently removed a link I've added under the external links section of Rome's wiki page (since the photos on the site are Rome related and 100% free to use I guess it was ok to add the link to the external link section). I've seen other places / cities pages that, in the external link section, have a sub section dedicated to photos of the places. Would it be ok to add it in that case?

Thanks, Joaomsoliveira (talk)

P.S.: Glad you like the pictures :) Do visit again, I think it has even more photos now

 * Hi. Of course your photos don't have any problem in themselves that I know of. It is only that Wikipedia is not a collection of links: we can't have external links to any web page housing good photos, or interesting remarks, or the like. As a rule, apart from the inline references to source specific claims, an article should only have links to the official sites (if any) related to the article (company, organisation etc.), and some very remarkable sites (an important reportage, say, or a controversial review if the article is about a book, and so on). Of course this policy is sometimes ignored, but this is not a good reason to ignore it once more. Nothing personal, of course! Happy editing, Goochelaar  (talk) 11:53, 24 February 2011 (UTC)
 * You might be interested in uploading some of your photos in Wikimedia Commons, so they can be used in the various Wikipedia projects. See here about how contributing your work. Bye, Goochelaar  (talk) 18:17, 24 February 2011 (UTC)

Ok! Thanks so much for the info and for the insights about Wikimedia Commons projects. I'll check it out and try to contribute uploading some photos there. Thanks again, Regards, Joaomsoliveira (talk)

In response to your comment on the Talk:Sehnsucht page...
"Isn't this article a bit too Lewis-heavy? Lewis may be a great writer, and may have said fine things about Sehnsucht, but this seems somewhat out of proportion. Might this be a case of something akin to undue weight? Goochelaar (talk) 20:27, 8 July 2011 (UTC)"

C.S. Lewis is the only person who has really written about Sehnsucht at length. Go ahead and Google around yourself if you don't trust me. I'm not a fan of Lewis (well, I do appreciate his writings on this topic) or a Christian either, so I can say without bias that your claim of undue weight is ridiculously silly. This is what happens when people hedge their minds into these arbitrary rules that Wikipedia has decided on instead of exercising intellectual common sense (and this doesn't just happen on Wikipedia). There seems to be this urge to come up with a name for everything so we can put everything in boxes ("Might this be a case of something akin to undue weight?"). Because Lewis is the only person who's written about Sehnsucht at length, it's impossible for there to be undue weight in this case. andkore 22:42, 12 September 2011 (UTC)
 * Do you really believe that you can make your point by defining other people's claims "ridiculously silly" and accusing them of not "exercising common sense"? Goochelaar  (talk) 22:49, 12 September 2011 (UTC)

I made my point by saying this: "Because Lewis is the only person who's written about Sehnsucht at length, it's impossible for there to be undue weight in this case." andkore 00:44, 13 September 2011 (UTC)

Your invitation to participate in a Wikimedia-approved survey in online behavior.
Hello, my name is Michael Tsikerdekis, currently involved as a student in full time academic research at Masaryk University. I am writing to you to kindly invite you to participate in an online survey about interface and online collaboration on Wikipedia. The survey has been reviewed and approved by the Wikimedia Foundation Research Committee.

I am contacting you because you were randomly selected from a list of active editors. The survey should take about 7 to 10 minutes to complete, and it is very straightforward.

'''Wikipedia is an open project by nature. Let’s create new knowledge for everyone!''' :-)

To take part in the survey please follow the link: tsikerdekis.wuwcorp.com/pr/survey/?user=45770951 (HTTPS).

Best Regards, Michael Tsikerdekis (talk) 09:10, 5 February 2012 (UTC)

PS: The results from the research will become available online for everyone and will be published in an open access journal.

UPDATE: This is the second and final notification for participating in this study. Your help is essential for having concrete results and knowledge that we all can share. I would like to thank you for your time and as always for any questions, comments or ideas do not hesitate to contact me. PS: As a thank you for your efforts and participation in Wikipedia Research you will receive a Research Participation Barnstar after the end of the study. --Michael Tsikerdekis (talk) 08:20, 16 February 2012 (UTC)

Hand-coding
Hey all :).

I'm dropping you a note because you've been involved in dealing with feedback from the Article Feedback Tool. To get a better handle on the overall quality of comments now that the tool has become a more established part of the reader experience, we're undertaking a round of hand coding - basically, taking a sample of feedback and marking each piece as inappropriate, helpful, so on - and would like anyone interested in improving the tool to participate :).

You can code as many or as few pieces of feedback as you want: this page should explain how to use the system, and there is a demo here. Once you're comfortable with the task, just drop me an email at and I'll set you up with an account :).

If you'd like to chat with us about the research, or want live tutoring on the software, there will be an office hours session on Monday 17 December at 23:00 UTC in. Hope to see some of you there! Thanks, Okeyes (WMF) (talk) 23:34, 14 December 2012 (UTC)

File:Stazione20Termini201890.jpg missing description details
Dear uploader: The media file you uploaded as: is missing a description and/or other details on its image description page. If possible, please add this information. This will help other editors make better use of the image, and it will be more informative to readers.
 * File:Stazione20Termini201890.jpg

If the information is not provided, the image may eventually be proposed for deletion, a situation which is not desirable, and which can easily be avoided.

If you have any questions, please see Help:Image page. Thank you. Theo's Little Bot (error?) 09:26, 14 April 2013 (UTC)

GURPS
Hi Goochelaar,

You might be interested in this thread given your past activity in the subject area. BOZ (talk) 04:56, 7 December 2013 (UTC)

Notification of automated file description generation
Your upload of File:B.H.Rogers.jpg or contribution to its description is noted, and thanks (even if belatedly) for your contribution. In order to help make better use of the media, an attempt has been made by an automated process to identify and add certain information to the media's description page.

This notification is placed on your talk page because a bot has identified you either as the uploader of the file, or as a contributor to its metadata. It would be appreciated if you could carefully review the information the bot added. To opt out of these notifications, please follow the instructions here. Thanks! Message delivered by Theo's Little Bot (opt-out) 12:43, 15 January 2014 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:48, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

RC Patrol-related Proposals in the 2016 Community Wishlist Survey
Greetings Recent Changes Patrollers!

This is a one-time-only message to inform you about technical proposals related to Recent Changes Patrol in the 2016 Community Wishlist Survey that I think you may be interested in reviewing and perhaps even voting for:

 * 1) Adjust number of entries and days at Last unpatrolled
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title: User talk:Goochelaar


text:
User:Vashti/Bookmarks

Bookmarks
These are pages I read, but don't edit.

Pages relating to Hurricane Katrina
New Orleans, Louisiana Damage to infrastructure by Hurricane Katrina Effect of Hurricane Katrina on New Orleans

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Vashti/Bookmarks


text:
User talk:Klenje

User categorisation
You were listed on the Wikipedians/Italy page as living in or being associated with Italy. As part of the User categorisation project, these lists are being replaced with user categories. If you would like to add yourself to the category that is replacing the page, please visit Category:Wikipedians in Italy for instructions. --Army1987 18:00, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

Friulian forms at Gorizia and Gradisca
I've noticed your interest in Friulian and was wondering if you could check the Friulian versions and the facts at Gorizia and Gradisca. Also, if you know of the Friulian for "Princely County" (Principesca Contea) can you add it there? Thanks. LuiKhuntek 03:09, 17 February 2006 (UTC)

Reply
Hi Klenje,

No, I'm not the best copyediter, for that I suggest you ask User:Mary Read. Cheers, —Khoikhoi 05:27, 26 April 2006 (UTC)

47 in Friulian
Hi, I am collecting translations for the number 47 (forty-seven). So far I have 509 translations, which you can see here. Can you help and tell me how to say and write 47 in Friulian? I'd be most thankful; please reply on my talk page. Thank you! — N-true 14:55, 19 August 2006 (UTC)

Image source problem with Image:HistoricFlagOfFriuli.png
Thanks for uploading Image:HistoricFlagOfFriuli.png. I noticed that the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you did not create this file yourself, then you will need to specify the owner of the copyright. If you obtained it from a website, then a link to the website from which it was taken, together with a restatement of that website's terms of use of its content, is usually sufficient information. However, if the copyright holder is different from the website's publisher, then their copyright should also be acknowledged.

As well as adding the source, please add a proper copyright licensing tag if the file doesn't have one already. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then the GFDL-self tag can be used to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media meets the criteria at Fair use, use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have specified their source and tagged them, too. You can find a list of files you have uploaded by following this link. Unsourced and untagged images may be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If the image is copyrighted under a non-free license (per Fair use) then the image will be deleted 48 hours after 04:30, 11 July 2007 (UTC). If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Himasaram 04:30, 11 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Eh, the source you added is a website that doesn't exist. Please try again. --Himasaram 06:22, 17 July 2007 (UTC)

Image:HistoricFlagOfFriuli.png listed for deletion
An image or media file that you uploaded or altered, Image:HistoricFlagOfFriuli.png, has been listed at Images and media for deletion. Please see the to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted. Thank you. OsamaK 19:06, 15 November 2007 (UTC)

Articles for deletion nomination of Friulian Wikipedia
I have nominated Friulian Wikipedia, an article that you created, for deletion. I do not think that this article satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and have explained why at Articles for deletion/Friulian Wikipedia. Your opinions on the matter are welcome at that same discussion page; also, you are welcome to edit the article to address these concerns. Thank you for your time.Please contact me if you're unsure why you received this message. ApprenticeFan talk  contribs 10:36, 18 June 2009 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:49, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Klenje


text:
WNYB

WNYB (channel 26) is a religious television station licensed to Jamestown, New York, United States, serving the Buffalo area as an owned-and-operated station of Tri-State Christian Television (TCT). Its transmitter is located on Center Road in Arkwright. WNYB maintained studios on Big Tree Road in Orchard Park until TCT ended local operations in June 2018.

WNYB operates a digital replacement translator on channel 27 to cover Buffalo proper. The station is also relayed on low-power translator WNIB-LD (channel 42) in Rochester.

CTV invades America
The first license for channel 26 in Jamestown was granted to WNYP in 1966. The station's majority shareholder was Lowell W. "Bud" Paxson, who at the time owned Jamestown's WKSN radio and later co-founded the Home Shopping Network (HSN). It was the first American television station to affiliate with a Canadian network, signing a deal with CTV. Since the station could not afford a direct feed, station engineers switched to and from the signal of CTV's flagship CFTO-TV (channel 9) in Toronto whenever network programming was airing. WNYP was Paxson's first venture into television.

WNYP quickly became notorious and almost legendary among Western New York's broadcast community for technical gaffes and programming mishaps. For instance, the station showed the same episode of The Aquanauts several times, every day at the same time, over a two-week period. Also, the equipment used to pick up the off-air signal from CFTO would sometimes relay the video from another station broadcasting on VHF channel 9 instead (such as ABC affiliate WNYS-TV in Syracuse or CBS affiliate WWTV in Cadillac, Michigan) due to tropospheric propagation overwhelming CFTO's signal. Often, when CFTO programming actually was being rebroadcast, the station switcher failed to drop CFTO's identification to display the WNYP callsign, which was considered a violation of Federal Communications Commission (FCC) rules. Inexplicably, the audio line from a Jamestown radio station could sometimes be heard in the background when CTV programming was airing. Paxson also earned significant animus for airing programming from CHCH-TV (channel 11) and CBC Television's CBLT (channel 5) without permission. Although it had been legal to broadcast foreign programming in the United States without permission as a result of laws passed during World War II, he forgot to secure copyrights for the Canadian shows, and the programs' copyright holders won judgments against WNYP for infringement.

Since CTV, then as now, relies largely on American programming, Buffalo's "Big 3" U.S. network affiliates—WBEN-TV (channel 4, now WIVB-TV); WGR-TV (channel 2, now WGRZ); and WKBW-TV (channel 7)—threatened legal action in early 1969. Faced with the loss of its primary source of programming, WNYP cut back its local newscasts, laid off staff, and briefly attempted to use a prototype of what would become HSN's on-air product sales strategy to stay afloat. It briefly started to identify as WJTV, but quickly reverted to WNYP because a station in Jackson, Mississippi, already had those call letters. The death knell for the station sounded with the announcement that WUTV would sign on from Buffalo in 1970. Buffalo was not big enough at the time to support two independent stations, so Paxson opted to take the station off the air. (Paxson later started the Pax TV network, now known as Ion, which broadcasts on WPXJ-TV (channel 51) in the market; coincidentally, Pax/Ion has also imported much of its programming from CTV over the course of its history.)

Later incarnations
After going dark, the station's equipment was sold to Elmira ABC affiliate WENY-TV (channel 36), who used much of it to aid in its launch. The channel 26 allocation was used for much of the 1970s and 1980s by a low-power experimental Appalachian Television Service "translator" relay station (W26AA) of WNED-TV from Buffalo, operated by the regional Board of Cooperative Educational Services, which was able to originate local programming from studios in Fredonia. Channel 26 is the last remaining survivor of WNED-TV's once massive translator network that had several repeaters scattered throughout the Southern Tier of Western New York; all of the others were shut down by 2012.

A new license was re-issued to a new group years later, and channel 26 signed on again on September 24, 1988, under the new call letters WTJA. Part of the station's programming lineup duplicated those on the Buffalo stations. Much of the programming consisted of public domain material, and the station was virtually ignored by local advertisers. Buffalo-area cable providers refused to carry the station because its signal was barely acceptable even under the best conditions: the "Grade B" signal coverage barely reached the southern Buffalo suburbs, and the station once again went dark in 1991.

TCT arrives
Grant Broadcasting purchased the license in 1995. Rather than immediately putting the station back on the air, Grant negotiated with Marion, Illinois–based Tri-State Christian Television, owner of WNYB (channel 49), for the channel 49 license, in exchange for the channel 26 license, cash and a new, more powerful broadcasting facility in Arkwright. The facility featured one of the tallest towers in the region, atop one of the highest hills of western New York State. This changed channel 26 from having a very poor signal to one of the largest coverage areas in the Northeast. It provided at least secondary coverage from Erie, Pennsylvania, to the southwest suburbs of Toronto. Tri-State accepted and on January 10, 1997, it took over the channel 26 license and moved the WNYB intellectual unit there. Grant in turn took over channel 49, which became WB affiliate WNYO-TV; it became a MyNetworkTV affiliate in 2006 when The WB merged with UPN to form CW.

End of local operations
In June 2018, after more than 21 years, TCT announced it had ceased local programming and was placing its former studios on Big Tree Road in Orchard Park up for sale. The change came with the elimination of the FCC's Main Studio Rule earlier in the year and a decision by TCT to consolidate all programming operations at the network's headquarters in Marion, Illinois.

Subchannels
The station's signal is multiplexed:

Analog-to-digital conversion
WNYB discontinued regular programming on its analog signal, over UHF channel 26, in early May 2009. The station's digital signal relocated from its pre-transition UHF channel 27 to channel 26. The station switched to low VHF channel 5 on August 2, 2019, as part of the FCC's spectrum incentive auction.

Former translator
WNYB was previously relayed on Class A station WBNF-CD (channel 15) in Buffalo; in 2023, this station switched to Spanish-language religious programming.

title: WNYB


text:
Multicast Listener Discovery

Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) is a component of the Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) suite. MLD is used by IPv6 routers for discovering multicast listeners on a directly attached link, much like Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) is used in IPv4. The protocol is embedded in ICMPv6 instead of using a separate protocol. MLDv1 is similar to IGMPv2 and MLDv2 similar to IGMPv3.

Protocol
The following ICMPv6 message types are used:

 * {| class="wikitable"

!Message !Type value
 * +ICMPv6 message type values
 * Multicast Listener Query
 * 130
 * MLDv1 Multicast Listener Report
 * 131
 * MLDv2 Multicast Listener Report
 * 143
 * Multicast Listener Done
 * 132
 * }
 * Multicast Listener Done
 * 132
 * }
 * }

Support
Several operating system support MLDv2:
 * Windows Vista and later
 * FreeBSD since release 8.0
 * The Linux kernel since 2.5.68
 * macOS

title: Multicast Listener Discovery


text:
User talk:Jerzy/Deletion of Knee (disambiguation)

 * The following section was initially included by Jerzy, but left behind here when, in responding to JFW's request without abandoning the previous discussion, Jerzy moved the next group of sections (at that time the rest of this page) to User talk:Jfdwolff. --Jerzy•t 00:34, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

front matter

 *  (This approach to Wiki-talk (using two templates) is an experiment; i've so far imposed upon a number of colleagues with it, who have responded thru it (even without this 'graph) well enough that i can describe it as "working" (though an otherwise angry one nevertheless described it as "ridiculous"). My hope is that it will slow the growth of my talk page, make my archiving simpler and more timely, and thus make leaving talk for me less burdensome (especially for slow-pipe colleagues) than it has been for too many months. I cordially invite discussion of it (or one-shot comments, from those who prefer).)
 * If you add to this discussion, most other participant(s) won't be nearly as quickly aware of that as they would, if you had also edited their respective talk page(s). (A link to the corresponding section of each is at their corresponding "*" below, and your updating the edit count and editing-time-stamp range there also gives that participant further information. But no one other than i has done so yet.) For my own notification, i've started a list that i can check via "Related changes" more often than i am willing to check my Watchlist or "My contributions", tho of course that is still less often than "You have new messages."

This Subsection is No Longer Being Updated

 * Per request of this page's user, the full discussion now appears on this page; the UT: subpage is no longer being updated for now. --Jerzy•t 19:05, 1 (& 00:34, 2 September 2005 (UTC) to lk the refs to pages).

A discussion whose topic is
 * Deletion of Knee (disambiguation)

appears on User talk:Jerzy/Deletion of Knee (disambiguation); the following points describe the discussion:
 * 3 msgs, 18:58, 31 August thru 00:10, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * 18:58, 31 August 2005 (UTC) Jy
 * 19:57, 31 August 2005 (UTC) JFW
 * 00:10, 1 September 2005 (UTC) Jy
 * 2 participants: (Jy) Jerzy·t·c·*; (JW) Jfdwolff·t·c·*.
 * general topic(s): Improper deletion
 * relevant reference(s): Criteria for speedy deletion

Initiation of Discussion
_ _ I've not been aware of your work at WP until i saw you wisely remove the recent dictdefs from Knee, and wisely object to the content of Knee (disambiguation) when the dictdefs were later removed from there. I feel sure your deletion of the Dab was well intentioned, and IMO it shows diligent initiative. _ _ Nevertheless, i assert that that deletion on August 29 was an act that WP policy intends to avoid by clearcut proscriptions. I urge you to state below, after such consideration as you find appropriate, _ _ I feel confident that you have valuable future ahead of you here. --Jerzy•t 18:58, 2005 August 31 (UTC)
 * whether you've come to agree with my assertion, and
 * what you want your colleagues to weigh, in our opinions of the deletion and of you as a colleague.

 * Good heavens, Jerzy, this is all rather formal. I deleted the page because it contained no information, which is a criterium for speedy deletion. I find your approach a bit threatening, actually. JFW | T@lk  19:57, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

Substance
_ _ You say "it contained no information, which is a" WP:CSD. _ _ WP:CSD says at pt. 1:
 * No meaningful content or history, text unsalvageably incoherent (e.g., random characters). See patent nonsense.

and that WP:PN page makes clear that this provision contemplates no speedies for lack of "information" on this page -- even in the final version and even ignoring the comment-marked-up content within it. _ _ WP:CSD says at pt. 1:
 * Very short articles providing little or no context (e.g., "He is a funny man that has created Factory and the Hacienda. And, by the way, his wife is great."). Limited content is not in itself a reason to delete if there is enough context to allow expansion....

If this is the point you were referring to, you may be one of those the bolding was intended for, since there can be no doubt of the context in this case, and every reason to believe sensible expansion was feasible. _ _ If i've missed some other conceivably relevant criterion, please point it out more explicitly. --Jerzy•t 00:10, 2005 September 1 (UTC)

Process
_ _ The "formality of the front-matter is just a means of hopefully improving the overhead-vs.-confusion trade-off of any extended Wiki discussion. _ _ I suppose i resort to formality in the content --Jerzy•t 00:10, 2005 September 1 (UTC) Since process is coming up, i'd appreciate your lessening the ambiguity, e.g. that imposed by
 * in general bcz it moderates some of my awkwardness, and
 * in the hope of clarity, where the situation is both ambiguous and touchy (That is the case here: IMO bypassing VFD, which i believe you have done, is very touchy, even where good intent is clear.)
 * contained no information, which is a criterium for speedy deletion

where i really don't know if you are evoking "G.1",
 * No meaningful content or history, text unsalvageably incoherent (e.g., random characters). See patent nonsense.

or "A.1",
 * Very short articles providing little or no context (e.g., "He is a funny man that has created Factory and the Hacienda. And, by the way, his wife is great."). Limited content is not in itself a reason to delete if there is enough context to allow expansion....

--Jerzy•t 00:10, 2005 September 1 (UTC) I'd fear being felt rude; otherwise i'd tacitly leave it to you to either let drop or say more about your sense of threat. Is there an implicit request in there? Is the perception in your last sentence about the formality mentioned in the first? Do you think it is interfering with the purpose of this discussion? --Jerzy•t 00:10, 2005 September 1 (UTC)

 * I think creating a specific subpage for scrutiny of my admin actions is a bit over the top. Frankly, you still haven't explained whether you think the page should have been kept, and if so what its merits were. I'm open to discussion, but I wish you'd avoid the formalised tone and the formatting. As I said, the knee (disambiguation) page contained only one link, namely to knee. The dicdefs were actually commented out. To me, that is a page with no information, which I delete without discussion (because to do this with due process would be a massive waste of time). Please tell me what you think, without all the paperwork. JFW | T@lk  06:46, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * This marks the end of the edits made at this sub-page before [moving the discussion] to User talk:Jfdwolff. The immediately following down to Jerzy's next sig was saved on WP for the first time in the same edit. --Jerzy•t 00:34, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

Simple Request
Let me be even more straightforward than to bore you with what i think, and tell you what, at this point, i want from you: It should be easier for you, and it will be less confusing for me, if you respond immediately below rather than at User talk:Jerzy; i'll monitor changes to your talk page until further notice. --Jerzy•t 19:05, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Simplest possible reasonable request:
 * Stop doing speedy deletions, immediately.
 * Use WP:RfA to state that your suitability as an admin is in question and that you are requesting de-admin, unless a fresh nomination of you is approved.
 * More complex and more reasonable version:
 * Stop doing speedy deletions without citing explicitly the section and numeric-list point on WP:CSD that you believe justifies the speedy.
 * State the equivalent basis for the speedy already discussed, and,
 * if you think one of the two grounds i mentioned justifies it, counter the contrary arguement i have already given, or
 * state the section and numeric-list point that you think justifies it.
 * Note this well: i have no interest in the questions you have put to me about the page in question, other than in terms of this question: what among the numbered explicit grounds stated on WP:CSD says you could do that? Bluntly, this is not about the page, but about your past behavior, and what can be expected of your future behavior.
 * Consider the possibility that the consequences of your response, or lack of response, to that question will be far more significant to you than those of the process issues you have so far devoted so much attention to. I am endeavoring to accommodate your process preferences to the extent that is compatible with the core matter being handled expeditiously. As to my formal tone and "formatting":
 * I have a fairly formal personality, and i am neither sure what change you are requesting nor optimistic about being able to change to suit you if and when i understand the request. I guess you dislike bullet points but like punctation within and between sentences.  The bullet points clarify the context of subsidiary points, and i can put down what i mean more precisely in fewer words by using them. You can ignore that information if you prefer (or even the paragraphing, which you haven't shown me whether you like or not).
 * This is a serious matter, to which formality and precision rather than casualness are arguably appropriate.
 * Please consider ignoring the tone and responding to the meaning of the words, which i assure you are carefully chosen.
 * If you doubt this is a serious matter, please consult someone more WP-experienced than yourself, whom you like better than me, for confirmation. If they disagree with me, or you doubt their agreement, consult someone more WP-experienced than i, whether you like them or not.

 * ''Jerzy•t 00:34, 2 September 2005 (UTC) notes that JFW replaced, on User talk:Jfdwolff, everthing above that had been there except the initial hdg, with:

''I have removed a very long discussion from (rather than with). If he doesn't like my interpretation of speedy deletion guidelines, he can WP:RFC me. JFW | T@lk  21:42, 1 September 2005 (UTC)''

 * Jerzy•t 00:34, 2 September 2005 (UTC) notes that under a new heading
 * == Deletion of "knee" ==
 * on User talk:Jerzy, JFW wrote:

Jerzy, I will not respond to your posting. If you are unhappy with my conduct as an admin, you are free to request comments, but your odd style of interrogation is not what I would call normal inter-Wikipedian conduct. It would have helped if you had expressed your disaffection in 1-2 clearly phrased sentences. JFW | T@lk  21:46, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Following those posts, Jerzy posted on WP:AN, making reference to this page. --Jerzy•t 00:34, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

I don't think WP:AN is the forum. At any rate, the posting is not there. I suggested WP:RFC - is there anything wrong with that? JFW | T@lk  00:50, 2 September 2005 (UTC)


text:
User talk:Basic~enwiki

Welcome
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Quick, simple username. --Lord Voldemort (Dark Mark) 18:04, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Basic~enwiki


text:
WBBZ-TV

WBBZ-TV (channel 67) is a television station licensed to Springville, New York, United States, serving the Buffalo area. It has a primary affiliation with MeTV, but is otherwise programmed as an independent station. WBBZ-TV is owned by ITV of Buffalo, a company controlled by former news photographer Philip A. Arno. The station's studios are located at the Eastern Hills Mall in the town of Clarence (in a census-designated place called Harris Hill), and its transmitter is located near Springville in the hills of southern Erie County.

Early years
The station was founded as WJTQ on March 12, 1993. Bill Smith, an amateur radio enthusiast, and his wife, Caroline Powley, daughter of late LPTV innovator John R. Powley, changed its call letters to WNGS (for "Buffalo wings") in May 1993.

WNGS initially broadcast on analog UHF channel 67. Although licensed as a full-power station, it transmitted its analog signal at low power with a northward directional pattern covering much of the Southtowns, but not reaching Buffalo proper. Signal broadcast in the direction of Buffalo was limited due to a treaty with Canada that protected the coverage area of CHCH-TV-3, a Midland, Ontario–based rebroadcaster of Hamilton–based independent station CHCH-TV (channel 11) that also operated on UHF channel 67. As a result, from the city of Buffalo northward, it was only available on cable or by satellite.

The station began with an infomercial/home shopping format, but added general-entertainment barter talk shows, cartoons and low-budget sitcoms in 1997. WNGS became a UPN affiliate in April 1998, but lost the affiliation to WNLO (channel 23) in January 2003. Shortly afterward, WNGS dropped most of its entertainment programming in favor of infomercials. For most of its time as an independent station and UPN affiliate, WNGS operated from studios in West Valley, New York.

Low-power station WONS-LP in Olean, New York, shared the UPN affiliation under a mutual agreement with WNGS until the network was picked up by WNLO, at which time, the station began carrying programming from The Sportsman Channel. At least one television listings provider (Decisionmark Corporation, then-owner of TitanTV which is now owned by Broadcast Interactive Media) had erroneously listed WONS-LP as a translator of WNGS. (As of 2018, that station is now a This TV affiliate under the call sign WVTT-CD.)

Equity and WKBW era
After Equity Broadcasting took ownership of the station, WNGS became an affiliate of Equity's Retro Television Network (RTN). During Equity's ownership, the station was operated by Granite Broadcasting, owner of ABC affiliate WKBW-TV (channel 7), under a local marketing agreement (LMA). As part of the agreement, WNGS was carried on WKBW's digital subchannel. Along with RTN programming, WNGS aired sports programming from WKBW-TV and various sports broadcasts.

Equity sold RTN to Luken Communications in 2008. Following a dispute between Equity and Luken, all of Equity's RTN affiliates, including WNGS, disaffiliated from the network on January 4, 2009. WNGS continued to carry other programs, such as sports and locally produced B-movie film showcase Off Beat Cinema. Later that month, WNGS switched its affiliation to This TV.

The RTN affiliation later moved to a digital subchannel of WGRZ, then to the pairing of low-power stations W30BW in Olean and WBXZ-LP, assuming they get their transmitter installed, in Buffalo.

Temporary shutdown and return
On April 16, 2009, as a result of its bankruptcy, Equity Media Holdings auctioned off 60 of its television stations. WNGS was sold to Daystar Television Network for a total of US$7.4 million. They already owned WDTB-LP in nearby Hamburg, along with six other full-service stations and nine LPTV and Class A stations. Also around this time, WNGS's agreement with WKBW-TV ended. The sale was approved by the Federal Communications Commission in August 2009. WNGS went off the air on June 12, 2009, after not being able to complete its transition to digital-only broadcasts on time, and remained silent for almost a year. Meanwhile, on May 14, 2010, Daystar filed to sell the station to ITV of Buffalo, LLC, a partnership owned by local TV personalities Philip Arno and Donald Angelo, for $2.75 million, with plans to program the station from Clarence, New York. Angelo later dropped his involvement in the station.

WNGS finally completed its digital transmitter and returned to the air in late May 2010, carrying programming from Daystar. The sale was completed on September 16, 2010; at that time, the station rejoined This TV. Setting a template for future transactions as it had done with KOCE-TV in the Los Angeles market after a failed sale, a condition of sale was that Daystar would have the right to program one subchannel on WNGS indefinitely, which it continues to do currently.

WNGS, formerly on a digital subchannel of WKBW-TV, had planned to launch its own digital signal on WKBW-TV's former analog channel allocation, channel 7, at the end of the 2009 digital transition.

By December 2008, both the ability of WNGS to transition to its own digital facilities and its ability to continue broadcasting were directly jeopardized as (according to a DTV status report by the station), "On December 8, 2008, the licensee's parent corporation filed a petition for bankruptcy relief under Chapter 11 of the federal bankruptcy code, case #4:08-BK-17646-M, U.S. district court for the district of Arkansas. This station must obtain post-petition financing and court approval before digital facilities may be constructed. The station will cease analogue broadcasting on June 12, 2009, regardless of whether digital facilities are operational by that date. The station will file authority to remain silent if so required by the FCC."

While the station had applied for an extension for a construction permit for its digital transmitter, it was unable to continue analog operations as it was not only a full-service station, but it also operated on a frequency which was to be reallocated for non-broadcast use at the end of the digital television transition. Further complicating matters was that Kitchener, Ontario's CTV owned-and-operated station CKCO-TV, a station serving portions of southern Ontario with a signal that penetrates Western New York, was assigned the same channel 7 allocation by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) for its own digital signal. It should have applied to simulcast digitally before its analog channel 13 broadcasts end in August 2011, when that station would move digital broadcasts to channel 13.

Daystar's last-minute proposal to transmit from a broadcast tower used by WNYO-TV (channel 49) in Folsomdale, New York, instead of using WKBW-TV's Colden tower was rejected due to WNYO-TV owner Sinclair Broadcast Group's last-minute decision to broadcast WNYO-TV on its lower power digital channel 34 from Grand Island, and receiving FCC approval to transfer its digital signal to a full-power channel 49 transmission from Folsomdale on June 12.

Because WNGS failed to begin digital broadcasts on channel 7 after June 12, 2009, local cable providers had an option to no longer carry the station despite WNGS' direct fiber connection to the providers from West Valley. As the Buffalo market stretches west to near Erie, Pennsylvania, east towards Rochester, New York, north towards Toronto, and several counties in northern Pennsylvania in an area with several varieties of terrain, pay television service is almost a requirement for optimum viewing in outlying areas. This resulted in the Buffalo–Hamilton–Toronto area having one of the highest pay-television penetration rates in North America. Very few households watched the over-the-signals of many of the stations, resulting in serious trouble for WNGS if it were unable to continue maintaining its must-carry status. While Daystar's existing analog translator stations could maintain the station's service in the area, WDTB-LP only covered small portions of the city of Buffalo, far from providing market-wide coverage by any means.

On June 12, 2009, WNGS switched to a "nightlight" service, broadcasting only a still screen reading "WNGS has ceased operations as of June 12, 2009". Though it technically extended the broadcast life of the station, this was not allowed to continue any later than July 12, far too soon for a digital over-the-air signal to be ready. DirecTV customers in the Buffalo market stopped receiving WNGS on June 22, 2009, and on July 12 the analog transmitter was turned off, starting the clock on the station's requirement to build digital facilities by July 12, 2010, when the FCC could consider the license abandoned and delete it.

By March 2010, the station still had not returned to the air in any form. Time Warner Cable ended its hold on WNGS' channel 11 cable slot; WNLO was moved into that position and TWC's regional cable news channel YNN Buffalo was placed on channel 9, the former location of WNLO.

In late May 2010, WNGS began transmitting its digital signal on channel 7, a month before license deletion. It invoked must carry and returned to Time Warner Cable on channel 5 (a prime cable position that WNGS specifically lobbied to obtain) in November 2010. The station's website returned sometime in December 2010. After an appeal to the Federal Communications Commission, WBBZ-TV also invoked must-carry in Time Warner Cable's other Western New York service areas in November 2012; TWC had initially refused to carry WBBZ-TV in those markets, ostensibly because of signal quality issues.

Relaunch as WBBZ
WNGS changed its call sign to WBBZ-TV at 5 a.m. on August 1, 2011, as part of a planned drastic increase in the station's local programming. The This TV affiliation moved to a digital subchannel, while it began carrying MeTV on its main channel. WBBZ-TV struggled to find a studio location to house its operations. Arno had preferred to use the former Studio Arena Theater, but had been unable to secure a deal; he also passed on the Buffalo Central Terminal due to the building's state of disrepair. The Eastern Hills Mall, which holds the station's offices, originally rejected the plan to build a studio at the mall but later relented and allowed it to be constructed. By early 2012, the studio at the Eastern Hills Mall began construction; the first program was taped from there in June. WBBZ-TV was forced to stop producing programs with a live studio audience due to the Eastern Hills Mall's upcoming redevelopment and the closure of its concourse but was granted permission to continue using the mall for general production in January 2024, using a back entrance.

In August 2023, WBBZ entered into a joint sales agreement with radio station WECK.

Personnel
WBBZ-TV hired former WKBW-TV sports director and general manager of the Empire Sports Network, Bob Koshinski as its executive in charge of production in 2012. He was promoted to vice president and general manager and served in those posts until resigning in January 2015; he continued to serve as a sports host through summer of that year. John DiSciullo, WKBW-TV's program director of three decades, was hired as executive in charge of production; he also serves as on-air host for local programs. Chris Musial, former general manager at WIVB-TV, was hired as a consultant (and was later promoted as Koshinski's replacement) in 2015. As of May 2013, the station employs fifteen people, not counting Arno.

Notable current staff

 * Andrew Dan-Jumbo — host of Talk with Your Mouth Full
 * Danny Neaverth — contributor (I've Been Thinking and Danny Needs a Job short-form segments)
 * Lauren Fix — automotive contributor

Notable former staff

 * John Murphy — co-host of Sportsnite on RTN11
 * Luke Tasker — sports reporter
 * Fred Jackson — co-host of The Fred Jackson Show (seasons 1–3)
 * Tom Torbjornsen — host of America's Car Show
 * Robert Woods — co-host of In the Zone (seasons 4–5)

Originally proposed local programming
Philip Arno is highly critical of the local news programming seen on WGRZ (channel 2), WIVB-TV (channel 4) and WKBW-TV and has no intention to develop a full news department as those stations have. He is nonetheless considering a daily newsmagazine, in the vein of AM Buffalo (which DiSciullo worked on for many years and occasionally hosted), with news, features and a meteorologist.

Local programming that Arno had announced in 2011 that he was seeking to add to the station included a morning show (which would have included local segments inside The Daily Buzz), a game show (what eventually became Bragging Rights!), a local late-night talk show with a local comedian as host, a local talk show in the mold of ABC's The View (Arno had mentioned = former Buffalo television personalities Susan Hunt and Susan Banks as potential hosts for the series, which eventually came to fruition as Daily Buzz 716), a show geared to the military, a local Battle of the Bands and a video game review show that is aimed at younger viewers. Also slated for the future were a sports talk show hosted by Sabres Hockey Network personalities Rob Ray and Danny Gare, "a weekly made-for-TV play produced in conjunction with a local theater company drawing on its actors and production crew," and a weekly Buffalo Bills postgame show (what eventually became The Fred Jackson Show and In the Zone). The ultimate goal is to produce four to six hours per day of local programming, although Arno acknowledges this may be too expensive and ambitious to achieve; he has suggested he would need to sell a stake in the station, at a significant premium, to fund such a project.

Regularly scheduled local programming
Local programming seen on WBBZ-TV includes the following regularly scheduled series:
 * The Karyn Reece Show, a paranormal program hosted by psychic Karyn Reece, has aired since July 7, 2017. Reece previously hosted Secrets from Beyond with hypnotist Robert Saviola, which aired from February through August 2013 (replacing The Fred Jackson Show in the off-season). The series was one of WBBZ-TV's most popular programs and was funded by charging admission to be in the audience and/or participate. On January 17, 2014, Arno announced the show had been canceled and would not return for a second season due to financial losses. Reece later moved to WGRZ and hosted 2 the Unknown on that channel for the rest of that year, then after two years off television returned to WBBZ with her current series; initially known as Psychic Encounters, by 2019 it had become an eponymous program. Since 2020, Reece has co-hosted the show with Alexa Zappia.
 * Polka Buzz, billed as "Buffalo's only dance show", debuted in fall 2015. It airs on Sundays and is hosted by Ron Dombrowski, longtime host of a daily polka radio show that is heard on WXRL and WECK. Created by Chris Musial and station Vice President of Sales Angelo Cicatello, both of whom are of partial Polish descent, the show attracts a regular entourage which appears at each taping, usually at Potts Banquet Hall in Cheektowaga; In 2021, following over a year of hiatus, it moved to an outdoor venue at Buffalo RiverWorks.
 * Passionate Living debuted February 4, 2020, and is hosted by Catherine Miller.
 * Off Beat Cinema, the long-running hosted movie series formerly aired on WKBW-TV (and carried by WNGS as a secondary station since 2006), moved to WBBZ-TV on August 4, 2012. New programs are being produced before a live audience for the first time. WBBZ-TV airs Off Beat Cinema in a double feature with Svengoolie, the hosted movie series that MeTV carries each Saturday night. Its hosts are Tony "Bird" Billoni, Constance "Zelda" Caldwell, and Jeffrey "Theodore" Roberts.
 * The Big Picture is the current incarnation of WBBZ's public affairs/weekend talk show. It traces its roots to Political Buzz, the first local program to originate from the WBBZ-TV studios, which debuted on June 21, 2012. It was hosted for most of its run by former WIVB news anchor Mylous Hairston. It ended in late 2014 and was replaced in January 2015 with Talk of the Town, a more generally oriented talk show hosted by Kim Piazza and WBBZ owner Phil Arno. Talk of the Town ended when Daily Buzz 716 launched. The Big Picture, hosted by Arno, debuted in June 2018. As of 2021, two episodes air weekly, one on Monday nights hosted by Arno, and another hosted by Penny Wolfgang, a local judge and media personality.
 * Buffalo on the Rise is a local business talk show produced as part of the station's partnership with WECK; it is hosted by WECK personality Joe Chille.

Previous local programming

 * America's Car Show was a television version of the then-syndicated radio series hosted by Chautauqua County, New York native Tom Torbjornsen. It debuted on September 12, 2012, and, for its first few months on air, aired in conjunction with Entertainment Studios' cars.tv. After a move to Saturday mornings, the show quietly ended its run after several months of reruns in early 2014. Torbjornsen died in 2016. A potential revival of the concept, Drive with Me TV, with Dave Jickster and Lauren Fix as hosts, will air a pilot episode February 20, 2019.
 * Buffalo Night in America – This live three-hour broadcast was made available worldwide on Ustream, on July 21, 2012. The broadcast included live streaming video from various parties around the United States and various forms of variety entertainment centered around Western New York culture. Although the special was a critical, technical and ratings failure, management of the station attributed its failure to being too ambitious, too soon, and considered the making of the special a learning experience.
 * Dyngus Day Diary aired on April 1, 2013, and summarized the Buffalo Dyngus Day parade that had been held earlier in the day. Subsequent episodes moved to WKBW-TV.
 * Good Deeds Buffalo, which initially debuted on May 29, 2021, gained popularity for highlighting Good Deed Doers, Change Makers and positive things about Buffalo and Western New York. Hosted by program creator Jordan James, it ran for nearly three seasons and even attracted the likes of Drew Barrymore. In January 2024, the show underwent a rebranding and was launched nationally as Good Deeds America. Jordan James publicly expressed gratitude to John Di Sciullo, WBBZ-TV production manager, for his support since day one and hopefully during the national show transition. The move followed James' decision to pull the show from WBBZ-TV in April 2023 due to differences related to station owner Arno's stance on the 2023 Bud Light boycott.
 * The Healthy Zone Game Show, the station's second game show offering, was produced in conjunction with Blue Cross Blue Shield of Western New York. The contestants were elementary school students chosen from Buffalo Public Schools. This series ran from November 30, 2015, through June 19, 2016, and was recorded at Kleinhans Music Hall; according to WBBZ's Web site, no further seasons are planned.
 * Daily Buzz 716 was a female-oriented daily panel talk show in the mold of The View and The Talk. The show's rotating panelist included Penny Wolfgang, Kim Piazza, Adriana Viverette-Gamble, Constance Caldwell, Mercedes Wilson, Lauren Fix, Mary Kate O'Connell (sister of Kevin O'Connell) and Mary Arno. The program debuted March 1, 2017, and was quietly canceled some time before May 2018.
 * Bragging Rights!, a game show which (as the title implies) has no cash prize, debuted June 9, 2014. The show pits two teams of three people with some common bond, ranging from local celebrities to common families, against each other in an interactive trivia contest loosely based on tic-tac-toe. The show was created by Arno and is hosted by John DiSciullo.  The first season, which aired new episodes five days a week, ended in September 2014; production resumed as a weekly show in February 2015 and eventually returned to daily episodes. Bragging Rights! was pulled from the schedule in March 2020.
 * Beat the Champ, a revival of the former WBEN-TV Van Miller-hosted ten-pin bowling series of the same name, debuted January 9, 2016. The revival is hosted by Paul Peck and local pro bowler Sue Nawojski. The program halted production in March 2020, yet to return as of 2023, but remains on WBBZ-TV in reruns.

Sports
From 2011 to 2015, WBBZ-TV carried a number of sports broadcasts and sports-related programs, a genre the station has since abandoned. As of fall 2023, the station carries one sports-related program, the First Down Pregame Show, sponsored and co-hosted by local dentist Jared Shatkin, along with Rich Gaenzler, a former Buffalo Bills Radio Network and WGRF/WEDG personality.

WBBZ-TV held rights to the package of New York Yankees games produced for broadcast syndication by WWOR-TV from 2011 until 2013; a bulk syndication agreement with Sinclair Broadcast Group, coupled with increased rights fees and declining ratings, led to WBBZ-TV dropping the Yankees broadcasts for the 2014 season. As RTN11, WNGS carried Yankees, New York Mets and Cleveland Indians games.

WBBZ-TV announced the acquisition of the rights to a Thursday Night Football broadcast featuring the Buffalo Bills during the 2012 season, following an "aggressive" bidding process; those rights had previously resided with WKBW-TV. WBBZ-TV had made the bid in part because as it stood, the station would be the only place on Time Warner Cable that viewers could see the game (NFL Network was not available on Time Warner Cable at the time of the bid), but Time Warner Cable and NFL Network signed a carriage agreement during the course of the 2012 season, rendering the advantage moot. WBBZ-TV again won the rights to the NFL Network Bills game in 2013, with a lower bid than the year before but one that was still much higher than the other stations had offered. Due to Thursday Night Football broadcast rights moving exclusively to CBS affiliates in 2014, and the fact that the Bills were not selected for any Monday Night Football games that year, no games were made available to any local stations. WBBZ lost the rights to the Bills' lone cable game for 2015 to WKBW-TV. (During WNGS's time under WKBW management, the station carried replays of Bills preseason games.)

During a prolonged contract dispute between MSG Network and Time Warner Cable, WBBZ-TV proposed buying the rights to Buffalo Sabres games from MSG in order for Time Warner Cable subscribers to see the game. The two sides came to an agreement before any action could be taken on Arno's proposal.

In August 2013, WBBZ-TV announced it had affiliated with Raycom Sports's ACC Network to carry the syndicated Atlantic Coast Conference Saturday package of college football and college basketball games starting with the 2013 season, when Syracuse University joined the conference; WBBZ-TV emphasizes games involving Syracuse and the University of Pittsburgh. WBBZ lost the ACC package to WNLO in 2015, leaving the station without any live sports play-by-play.

WBBZ aired an NBA on ABC game on March 5, 2016; the usual ABC affiliate, WKBW, broadcast its annual telethon for Variety, the Children's Charity that day. The station also served as an overflow for a Little League World Series broadcast that was preempted on WKBW for a Bills preseason game on August 20.

The station also carried a number of sports-related half-hour shows.

 * As RTN11, WNGS aired Sportsnite, a production of WKBW-TV's sports department, from 2006 to 2007. Niagara University later took a stake in the program and it became known as Sportsnite Niagara, airing only during the winter months, until WNGS shut down in 2009.
 * The Bucky and Sully Show debuted on WBBZ on September 6, 2013. Produced in partnership with The Buffalo News featuring the News' sports columnists, Jerry Sullivan and Bucky Gleason; it aired new episodes twice weekly on Monday and Friday from September through May, with its last WBBZ episode airing in May 2015. The show had previously aired exclusively on The Buffalo News's Web site; Sullivan and Gleason would later go on to co-host Sports Talk Sunday for WGRZ in fall 2015 and would reunite with Bob Koshinski for a show on radio station WHLD in January 2016.
 * All Sports WNY (originally known as Sports Rap-Up until May 21, 2013), a weekly sports summary and talk/interview show, was hosted by Bob Koshinski and aired on Tuesday evenings from September 11, 2012, until an unknown point in summer 2015. Luke Tasker, wide receiver for the Hamilton Tiger-Cats and son of former Buffalo Bills wide receiver Steve Tasker, was a correspondent for the program.
 * For five seasons, WBBZ aired a weekly Buffalo Bills recap and audience-participation talk show during football season. The first three seasons. spanning 2012 to 2014, were hosted by Bob Koshinski and Fred Jackson and were thus known as The Fred Jackson Show. Seasons four and five were hosted by Robert Woods and WGRF disc jockey Dave Jickster; season four aired as In the Zone and season five aired as The Robert Woods Show. The series was quietly dropped after Woods left for the Los Angeles Rams prior to the 2017 season.

Specials

 * WBBZ-TV has aired the Variety Kids Telethon since 2020; it was previously a staple of WKBW's lineup since 1962. WBBZ-TV shares the broadcast with WGRZ.
 * WBBZ-TV airs an annual presentation of the Yule Log each Christmas Day. Bob Koshinski had brought this feature over from Empire Sports Network, where he had used the presentation each Christmas; it has continued on WBBZ under Chris Musial.
 * Giants of Buffalo – A recurring series of documentary/interview specials documenting Buffalo history. The first one, Radio, was taped in March 2013 and debuted on May 26 of that year at 10 p.m. Television and Journalism were taped in March and April 2014, respectively; Television debuts in two parts, May 19, and May 20, 2014. Women of Buffalo Television debuts May 22, 2014. Journalism debuted January 1, 2015. "Food" will be recorded April 17, 2015.
 * The Buffalo Broadcasters Association Hall of Fame induction ceremonies aired on WBBZ-TV December 28, 2016.
 * Gifts from the Heart, a Thanksgiving special, aired November 23, 2017, at 8 p.m.
 * WBBZ-TV's first made-for-TV movie, the Greg Robbins-directed holiday comedy Hope for Christmas, debuted December 2, 2018.
 * WBBZ-TV re-aired the 2018 film WKBW Radio's War of the Worlds: 50 Years Later, produced by former general manager Bob Koshinski and originally broadcast on WNED-TV, in October 2019. It was retitled WKBW Radio's War of the Worlds: The Legacy Continues for television airings.

This does not include special episodes of The Big Picture and What's the Buzz in WNY? that break from their respective formats. Other specials are in the works.

Other programming
As of September 2017, WBBZ-TV no longer carries any syndicated programming, except for the Entertainment Studios productions cars.tv and Career Day, both of which air once a week on Saturday mornings. (Most of Entertainment Studios' other programs air on WKBW.) The Daily Buzz was carried during the 2011–12 season, but was removed after the producers of that show cut back and revamped the format; other shows WBBZ-TV previously carried include Cash Cab (2011–14), The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show (summer 2013), The Addams Family (August 2013), Beer Geeks and That '70s Show (both during the 2013–14 season), King of the Hill (2013–15), and The King of Queens (2014–17). Supreme Justice with Judge Karen and Justice with Judge Mablean both moved to WNLO in 2017 after airing on WBBZ for several years. The remaining programming on the station comes from MeTV and infomercials. In contrast to the station's competitors, who broadcast a liberal number of infomercials during the overnight hours, WBBZ-TV airs its infomercials on weekday mornings instead, which varies from one to three hours and pre-empts MeTV's non-E/I children's programs. WBBZ-TV also preempts large portions of MeTV's weekend lineup for infomercials.

The station added a locally originated home shopping block in July 2019.

Ratings
WBBZ-TV's programming to date has proven competitive with other stations in the market, having finished in a near statistical tie with WNLO and WNYO-TV in the Nielsen ratings for the November 2011 sweeps; this is despite the fact that both of those stations had local newscasts at the time (a particular ratings boost to WNLO; WNYO-TV lost its local newscast to sister station WUTV (channel 29) in April 2013), whereas WBBZ-TV does not. However, by summer 2012, ratings had fallen to a third of their 2011 highs. The ratings later rebounded in November 2012. As of the May 2014 sweeps, WBBZ-TV is earning approximately a 2.0 Nielsen rating for its prime-time MeTV offerings and a 1.0 rating for its original productions. Arno hopes to move into fourth place in the all-day Nielsen ratings (to which he does not subscribe, instead opting to use the services of Rentrak, a competing service but realistically expects to eventually reach fifth, ahead of WNYO-TV and WNLO. Financially speaking, WBBZ's local programs have been profitable enough for Arno to invest more money into the station's studios. Arno had hoped to sell the station's spectrum in the FCC's spectrum incentive auction in 2017 (which would have presumably resulted in WBBZ entering a channel-sharing agreement with another Buffalo market station if successful). Because the station was already in the high-VHF band and most interested parties sought UHF channels, WBBZ-TV's spectrum went unsold.

Subchannels
The station's signal is multiplexed:

On March 1, 2017, Heroes & Icons replaced This TV on the 67.2 subchannel. Dabl was added on the 67.5 subchannel in September 2019.

Start TV, Decades and Movies!, three other digital subchannel networks owned (like MeTV) by Weigel Broadcasting, were added July 1, 2020. Decades and Movies! had previously been on WVTT-CD until that channel left the air.

title: WBBZ-TV


text: Category:Phrygian dynasty

title: Category:Phrygian dynasty


text:
Washington State Route 117

State Route 117 (SR 117) is a short, 1.40 mi long state highway located entirely within Port Angeles, the county seat of Clallam County, in the U.S. state of Washington. The short roadway, named the Tumwater Truck Route, serves the waterfront of Port Angeles and intersects two streets and crosses under another street on a short bridge. Beginning at an interchange with U.S. Route 101 (US 101), the highway travels northeast to terminate at Marine Drive. SR 117 was first established in 1991, but a road parallel to the current roadway had existed since 1966.

Route description
SR 117 begins as the Tumwater Truck Road at an interchange with U.S. Route 101 (US 101) in southwest Port Angeles. The interchange only serves traffic from US 101 eastbound driving onto SR 117 northbound and motorists driving from the route southbound onto US 101 westbound, however, left turns are allowed to serve the missing movements. Traveling north, the highway intersects Lauridsen Boulevard and crosses under 8th Street. Between 8th Street and the Port Angeles waterfront, a daily average of 7,400 motorists accessed the roadway in 2008. After the 8th Street bridge, the road intersects 3rd Street and terminates at Marine Drive, which continues east as 1st Street to US 101.

History
SR 117 was designated in 1991, but a short local street connecting the waterfront with U.S. Route 101 (US 101) had existed for several decades under local maintenance. The Tumwater Truck Road was approved for construction by the Port Angeles city government in 1954 to detour logging truck traffic away from residential neighborhoods. It was constructed at a cost of $250,000, shared with the county and state governments, along the existing Tumwater Canyon. The unfinished road was opened to traffic in July 1956, with logging truck drivers encouraged to use the graded road to prepare it for paving. In 1991, the state government added the truck road to the state highway system, assigning SR 117 as its designation.

During a severe winter storm on November 27, 2006, the Port Angeles Police Department closed both ends of the highway due to treacherous conditions. On December 15, 2006, a wind storm caused trees near the roadway to block the highway and the route had to be shut down. On August 7, 2007, the city of Port Angeles announced that the 8th Street bridge over the Tumwater Truck Route would be closed on August 20, 2007. A detour was set for both 8th Street and the truck route; trucks were routed onto US 101 (Lincoln Street) and Marine Drive / Front Street. Starting on April 1, 2008, the new bridge's girders started to arrive at the construction site. The last girders arrived on April 9 and the highway was reopened. On August 1, the roadway was closed for another month to be reconstructed. SR 117 was designated as the POW/MIA Memorial Highway by the state transportation commission in 2013.

title: Washington State Route 117


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Robert G. Vignola

Robert G. Vignola (born Rocco Giuseppe Vignola, August 7, 1882 – October 25, 1953) was an Italian-American actor, screenwriter, and film director. A former stage actor, he appeared in many motion pictures produced by Kalem Company and later moved to directing, becoming one of the silent screen's most prolific directors. He directed a handful of films in the early years of sound films, but his career essentially ended in the silent era.

Early life
Vignola was born in August 7, 1882 in Trivigno, a village in the province of Potenza, Basilicata, to Donato Gaetano Vignola, a stone mason, and Anna Rosa Rago. It is unsure why he used August 5 as his birthday in America. He had two brothers and three sisters, his oldest sister having died at the age of 19 months in Italy. Travelling with his mother and siblings, he left Italy in May 1886, at the age of three. He was raised in Albany, New York. Because of his Christian name of Rocco he was nicknamed "Rocky" on the family's first census in New York. His name Rocco was later changed to Robert. Trained as a barber in his youth, Vignola by age 14 became interested in the circus, practicing contortion and slackwire. Three years later, in 1899, he found his true vocation—acting—and the following year in Albany he established a small performance company that he named "The Empire Dramatic Club".

Acting career
In 1901 he started acting on stage professionally and joined the "American Stock Company" in New York. He made his stage debut in Romeo and Juliet, performing with Eleanor Robson Belmont and Kyrle Bellew. In the following years he played leads and became a character actor. Vignola's motion picture career began in 1906 with the short film The Black Hand, directed by Wallace McCutcheon and produced by Biograph Company, generally considered the film that launched the mafia genre.

In 1907 he joined Kalem Studios, starring in numerous movies directed by his long-time friend Sidney Olcott often dealing with Irish culture such as The Lad from Old Ireland (1910), The Colleen Bawn (1911), and Arrah-na-Pogue (1911). Olcott would later promote him to assistant director. The Kalem Company traveled across Europe and Middle East, where Vignola did one of his most notable roles as Judas Iscariot in From the Manger to the Cross (1912), among the most acclaimed films of the silent years. According to Moving Picture World, he was the first actor who was placed upon a permanent salary by Kalem.

Directing career
Vignola directed 110 pictures from 1911 to 1937. His debut as a film director was Rory O'More (1911), co-directed with Olcott. The Vampire (1913), starring Alice Hollister, was well-received by critics and is sometimes cited as the earliest surviving "vamp" movie (another title with the same name produced by William Nicholas Selig in 1910 is considered lost). He returned to the theme with The Vampire's Trail (1914), featuring Alice Joyce, Tom Moore and Hollister in a secondary role. He had a long association directing the early movies of Pauline Frederick such as Audrey (1916), Double Crossed (1917), and The Love That Lives (1917).

Vignola is best known for directing Marion Davies in several romantic comedies, including Enchantment (1921), Beauty's Worth (1922), and the big-budget epic When Knighthood Was in Flower (1922), which achieved critical and commercial acclaim and established Davies as a movie star. In 1920, he was offered the role of director-general for the Kinkikan Cinematograph Company in Japan and was honored as "outstanding director of the year" by Frederick James Smith of the Motion Picture Classic in 1921. The Woman God Changed (1921) and Adam and Eva (1923) were praised for the "innovative" use of shadows and lighting effects.

With the arrival of the sound era, he directed Broken Dreams (1933), in competition for the Best Foreign Film at the 2nd Venice International Film Festival, and The Scarlet Letter (1934), the last film of Colleen Moore. His sound films were not successful, and Vignola retired. His final film work was The Girl from Scotland Yard (1937). Later that year, he directed The Pilgrimage Play (live play in Los Angeles, not the related movie.). Vignola was associated with the play at least to 1944.

Death
Vignola died in Hollywood, California in 1953. He was buried in St. Agnes Cemetery in Menands, New York.

Personal life
He lived in a mansion at Whitley Heights owned by William Randolph Hearst. According to legend, Hearst's mistress Marion Davies was allowed to stay without him at Vignola's mansion, worried that she was having affairs and considering Vignola a trusted companion for her as he was homosexual. Sidney Olcott, alone after the passing of his wife Valentine Grant, spent his later life at Vignola's home, where he died in 1949. Vignola was described by Delight Evans as "the sanest and least temperamental of all celluloid creators. He has infinite patience. He has one quality which makes actors want to work for him: consideration." He once said: "Before a director can learn to control thousands of people and big stars and big scenes, he must first learn to control himself." He identified himself as a Republican, although he was not much interested in politics. Vignola visited his birthplace Trivigno with his family, provided money to build the town's war monument and maintained correspondence with some of his relatives.

Actor

 * The Black Hand (1906)
 * A Runaway Sleighbelle (1907)
 * The Fight for Freedom (1908)
 * The Kentuckian (1908)
 * The Navajo's Bride (1910)
 * A Lad from Old Ireland (1910)
 * The Stranger (1910)
 * A War Time Escape (1911)
 * Arrah-na-Pogue (1911)
 * Rory O'More (1911)
 * The Colleen Bawn (1911)
 * The O'Neill (1912)
 * His Mother (1912)
 * The O'Kalems Visit Killarney (1912)
 * The Vagabonds (1912)
 * Far From Erin's Isle (1912)
 * You Remember Ellen (1912)
 * A Prisoner of the Harem (1912)
 * An Arabian Tragedy (1912)
 * From the Manger to the Cross (1912)
 * Missionaries in Darkest Africa (1912)
 * The O'Neill (1912)
 * The Fighting Dervishes of the Desert (1912)
 * The Shaughraun (1912)
 * A Sawmill Hazard (1913)
 * A Desperate Chance (1913)
 * The Lady Peggy's Escape (1913)
 * The Octoroon (1913)
 * The Scimitar of the Prophet (1913)
 * The Wives of Jamestown (1913)

Director

 * Rory O'More (1911)
 * The Vampire (1913)
 * The Vampire's Trail (1914)
 * The Siren's Reign (1915)
 * Audrey (1916)
 * Seventeen (1916)
 * The Evil Thereof (1916)
 * The Moment Before (1916)
 * The Spider (1916)
 * Under Cover (1916)
 * Great Expectations (1917)
 * Her Better Self (1917)
 * The Fortunes of Fifi (1917)
 * The Hungry Heart (1917)
 * The Love That Lives (1917)
 * Double Crossed (1917)
 * Madame Jealousy (1918)
 * The Claw (1918)
 * The Savage Woman (1918)
 * The Girl Who Came Back (1918)
 * Women's Weapons (1918)
 * His Official Fiancée (1919)
 * Experimental Marriage (1919)
 * More Deadly Than The Male (1919)
 * The Heart of Youth (1919)
 * The Thirteenth Commandment (1920)
 * The World and His Wife (1920)
 * Straight Is the Way (1921)
 * The Woman God Changed (1921)
 * Enchantment (1921)
 * Beauty's Worth (1922)
 * The Young Diana (1922)
 * When Knighthood Was in Flower (1922)
 * Adam and Eva (1924)
 * Yolanda (1924)
 * Married Flirts (1924)
 * The Way of a Girl (1925)
 * Déclassée (1925)
 * Fifth Avenue (1926)
 * Cabaret (1927)
 * The Red Sword (1929)
 * Broken Dreams (1933)
 * The Scarlet Letter (1934)
 * The Perfect Clue (1935)
 * The Girl from Scotland Yard (1937)

title: Robert G. Vignola


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Category:Unitarian Universalist Wikipedians

The Unitarian Universalism work group may be of interest to Wikipedians in this category.


text: Talk:Pacific, Missouri

title: Talk:Pacific, Missouri


text:
Thomas Campbell (minister)

Thomas Campbell (1 February 1763 – 4 January 1854) was a Presbyterian minister who became prominent during the Second Great Awakening of the United States. Born in County Down, he began a religious reform movement on the American frontier. He was joined in the work by his son, Alexander. Their movement, known as the "Disciples of Christ", merged in 1832 with the similar movement led by Barton W. Stone to form what is now described as the American Restoration Movement (also known as the Stone-Campbell Restoration Movement).

Early life
Campbell was born in County Down, Ireland (now Northern Ireland), and raised as an Anglican. He was ordained a minister in the Scottish Seceder Presbyterian Church sometime after graduating from the University of Glasgow in 1786. Campbell left Ireland for the United States in April 1807. This move was prompted by the advice of his physician. Once in America, disagreement arose between Thomas and other Presbyterians over certain points related to Calvinist doctrine and the administration of the Eucharist.

Role in the early Restoration Movement
The Campbell wing of the movement was launched when Thomas Campbell published the Declaration and address of the Christian Association of Washington in 1809. The Presbyterian Synod had suspended his ministerial credentials. In The Declaration and Address he set forth some of his convictions about the church of Jesus Christ, as he organised the Christian Association of Washington, in Washington County, Pennsylvania, not as a church but as an association of persons seeking to grow in faith. On 4 May 1811, the Christian Association reconstituted itself as a congregationally governed church. With the building it constructed at Brush Run, Pennsylvania, it became known as Brush Run Church.

When their study of the New Testament led the reformers to begin to practice baptism by immersion, the nearby Redstone Baptist Association invited Brush Run Church to join with them for the purpose of fellowship. The reformers agreed, provided that they would be "allowed to preach and to teach whatever they learned from the Scriptures."

Thomas and his son Alexander worked within the Redstone Baptist Association during the period 1815 through 1824. While both the Campbells and the Baptists shared practices of baptism by immersion and congregational polity, it was soon clear that the Campbells and their associates were not traditional Baptists. Within the Redstone Association, some of the Baptist leaders considered the differences intolerable when Alexander Campbell began publishing a journal, The Christian Baptist, which promoted reform. The Campbells anticipated the conflict and moved their membership to a congregation of the Mahoning Baptist Association in 1824.

Theological influences
Campbell was a student of the Enlightenment philosopher John Locke. While he did not explicitly use the term "essentials", in the Declaration and Address, Campbell proposed the same solution to religious division as had been advanced earlier by Herbert and Locke: "[R]educe religion to a set of essentials upon which all reasonable persons might agree." The essentials he identified were those practices for which the Bible provided "a 'Thus saith the Lord,' either in express terms or by approved precedent." Unlike Locke, who saw the earlier efforts by Puritans as inherently divisive, Campbell argued for "a complete restoration of apostolic Christianity." Thomas believed that creeds served to divide Christians. He also believed that the Bible was clear enough that anyone could understand it and, thus, creeds were unnecessary.

Thomas Campbell combined the Enlightenment approach to unity with the Reformed and Puritan traditions of restoration. The Enlightenment affected the Campbell movement in two ways. First, it provided the idea that Christian unity could be achieved by finding a set of essentials that all reasonable people could agree on. The second was the concept of a rational faith that was formulated and defended on the basis of a set of facts derived from the Bible.

Life events

 * Born 1 February 1763 in County Down, Ireland.
 * Immigrated to the United States in 1807, settling in western Pennsylvania.
 * In 1809, Campbell published The Declaration and Address of the Christian Association of Washington, a document stating his ideas about how the Christian faith should be practised. It was a starting point for the Campbell–Stone Movement, which led to development of the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ), the Churches of Christ and the Christian churches and churches of Christ.
 * In 1812, Campbell joined his son Alexander and began practising baptism by immersion.
 * Shortly after his oldest son, Alexander Campbell, was ordained in 1812, Thomas began playing a supporting role to Alexander. Thomas was generally less radical than his son, and was a stabilising influence on the movement.
 * Thomas died on 4 January 1854 in Bethany, West Virginia and was buried next to his wife in the Campbell family cemetery.

title: Thomas Campbell (minister)


text: User:JHCC/Proposed Christian mythology template


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2005 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship

The 2005 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship was the 119th staging of the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county hurling tournament, since its establishment in 1887. The draw for the provincial fixtures took place on 17 October 2004. The championship began on 15 May 2005 and ended on 11 September 2005.

Cork entered the championship as defending champions.

On 11 September 2005, Cork won the championship after a 1–21 to 1–16 defeat of Galway in the All-Ireland final at Croke Park. This was their 30th All-Ireland title overall and their second title in succession.

Galway's Ger Farragher was the championship's top scorer with 3-57.

New Format
On 17 April 2004, the Hurling Development Committee's proposal to restructure the entire championship system was endorsed by Congress. The new format resulted in a three-tier championship. In the top grade 12 teams would compete for the Liam MacCarthy Cup, with the first round losers and beaten semi-finalists from Leinster and Munster joining Antrim and Galway in a league section split into two groups. The group winners would re-enter the championship at the All-Ireland quarter-final stage, meeting the losing provincial finalists. The runners-up in each group would face the Leinster and Munster champions in the last eight. The new format provided two additional quarter-finals, a minimum of three games for each team and four for the vast majority. In the league section, matches would be played on a home and away basis. The bottom-placed teams in both groups would contest the relegation section with the eventual loser being relegated to the Christy Ring Cup.

From Championship
Relegated to the Christy Ring Cup

 * Carlow
 * Down
 * Derry
 * Kerry
 * Kildare
 * Meath
 * Westmeath
 * Wicklow

Relegated to the Nicky Rackard Cup

 * London

Withdrew from Championship

 * New York

General information
Twelve counties will compete in the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship: one team in the Connacht Senior Hurling Championship, five teams in the Leinster Senior Hurling Championship, five teams in the Munster Senior Hurling Championship and one team in the Ulster Senior Hurling Championship.

Overview
Twelve teams participated in hurling's top tier in 2005. These were the same 12 teams who competed in Division 1 of the National Hurling League. The provincial championships in Leinster and Munster featured five teams each, while Antrim and Galway entered the championship at the group stage.

Miscellaneous

 * The attendance of 81,136 at the All-Ireland final was the biggest since 1956 when 83,096 saw Wexford defeat Cork.


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Alfa Pendular

Alfa Pendular is the name of the flagship Pendolino high-speed tilting train of Portuguese state railway company CP. It connects the cities of Guimarães, Braga, Porto, Aveiro, Coimbra, Santarém, Lisbon, Albufeira and Faro, among others at speeds of up to 220 km/h (135 mph).

The trains were assembled in Portugal by ADtranz at the former Sorefame works at Amadora, based on contracting partnership between Fiat-Ferroviaria as the main contractor and ADtranz and Siemens as the main subcontractors.

Beginning 2017, the trains were refurbished, introducing new interiors, livery, seating and features such as Wi-Fi and power outlets.

Description
The Alfa Pendular high speed train is a six car electric multiple unit (EMU), which is derived from and closely resembles the Giugiaro designed Italian Fiat-Ferroviaria ETR 480 Pendolino train. The bogies had to be redesigned to operate on Portugal's track.

There are 8 traction motors, installed on all but the two middle vehicles of the train, developing 4.0 MW. This M-M-T-T-M-M arrangement spreads the weight of the train, giving it a weight of only 13.5 t per axle, which helps its cornering ability at high speed.

During testing, a top speed of 245.6 km/h was reached close to Espinho in 1998.

Tilting technology
Its tilting train technology, with a maximum tilt angle of 8°, allows the train to negotiate curves at higher speeds than conventional trains. The combination of the resulting high cornering velocity and the tilting movement of the carriages helps ensure a comfortable ride for the passengers, although the jostle and sway compensating for track irregularities may cause "travel sickness" in those susceptible. The hydraulic tilting system is governed by two gyroscopes in the head cars. The curve is found on the base of the elevation of the external track.

The use of this train did not require particular modifications to the existing rail network, but it is expensive in terms of maintenance of the rolling stock because of the complexity of the tilting system.

Stations
The stations served by the Alfa Pendular are from north to south:
 * Braga
 * Famalicão
 * Trofa
 * Porto-Campanhã
 * Vila Nova de Gaia
 * Espinho
 * Aveiro
 * Coimbra-B
 * Pombal
 * Entroncamento
 * Santarém
 * Lisboa–Oriente
 * Lisboa–Santa Apolónia (off the lines from/to Faro)
 * Lisboa-Entrecampos
 * Pinhal Novo
 * Tunes
 * Albufeira-Ferreiras
 * Loulé
 * Faro

title: Alfa Pendular


text: User talk:207.73.105.250

title: User talk:207.73.105.250


text: User talk:129.237.195.247

title: User talk:129.237.195.247


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Porto Koufo

Porto Koufo (Πόρτο Κουφό) is a natural harbour in Greece. The harbour was mentioned by the historian Thucydides. German submarines used it during World War II because of its geographical location and direct access to the Aegean Sea.

Porto Koufo is located in the municipality Sithonia, Chalkidiki.

title: Porto Koufo


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Washington State Route 119

State Route 119 (SR 119) is a 10.93 mi state highway in the U.S. state of Washington, serving Lake Cushman in Mason County within Olympic National Forest. The highway, known locally as Lake Cushman Road, travels northwest into the Olympic Mountains from U.S. Route 101 (US 101) in Hoodsport to Lake Cushman and ends at a gravel road east of the entrance to Olympic National Park on Forest Highway 24 (FFH-24). A gravel road connecting Lake Cushman to the state highway system has existed since the late 1950s and was codified into the current state highway system in 1991, prior to being completely paved by 1999.

Route description
SR 119 begins at an intersection with US 101 in the unincorporated community of Hoodsport, located on the Hood Canal in Mason County. The highway travels west along Finch Creek as Lake Cushman Road into the Olympic Mountains and passes through Hoodsport Community Trail Park, a former state park. SR 119 continues north along the coast of Lake Cushman and Big Creek into Olympic National Forest, where it begins a concurrency with FFH-24 on Staircase Road heading northwest. The concurrent highways travel west along Lake Cushman as SR 119 ends at the entrance to Olympic National Park and the end of pavement.

Every year, the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) conducts a series of surveys on its highways in the state to measure traffic volume. This is expressed in terms of annual average daily traffic (AADT), which is a measure of traffic volume for any average day of the year. In 2011, WSDOT calculated that between 340 and 2,600 vehicles per day used the highway, mostly on the shores of Lake Cushman.

History
A two-lane gravel road connecting Lake Cushman to Hoodsport was first constructed in the late 1950s as a basic gravel road, later upgraded to a paved roadway between Hoodsport and Big Creek Campground by 1965. The highway between Hoodsport and the boundary of Olympic National Park was transferred to state control by Mason County. It was incorporated into the state highway system in 1991 as SR 119, a child route of US 101, and the last segment between Big Creek and the park boundary was paved in 1999.

title: Washington State Route 119