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A Hero Sits Next Door

"A Hero Sits Next Door" is the fifth episode in the first season of the American animated television series Family Guy. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on May 2, 1999. The episode features the introduction of Joe Swanson, who would become a main character in the series. Peter Griffin must find a replacement player for an upcoming softball game. Peter eventually convinces Joe to play for the team after learning that he played baseball in college. When Joe shows up the following morning, Peter realizes that Joe is in a wheelchair. Joe turns out to be a great player, and the team wins the game. Peter becomes jealous of Joe and tries to become a hero. In a subplot, Meg Griffin tries to get Joe's son Kevin to notice her.

"A Hero Sits Next Door" was directed by Monte Young and written by the writing team of Mike Barker and Matt Weitzman. It featured guest performances by actress Suzie Plakson, figure skater Michelle Kwan, as well as actors Wally Wingert and Carlos Alazraqui. Much of the episode features a cutaway style of humor that is typically used in Family Guy, many of which feature cultural references and include Super Friends, Pez, Teletubbies, and the assassinations of John F. Kennedy and Robert F. Kennedy.

The episode received praise from television critics, who considered it to be a memorable introduction for the character of Joe Swanson; certain critics praised the fight sequence between Joe and the Grinch, while others criticized the episode's cutaway gags as well as its plot twists, which they regarded as "odd" and "counter-intuitive".

Plot summary
At the Happy-Go-Lucky Toy Factory, safety inspector Peter Griffin is working when his boss Mr. Weed introduces Guillermo, a ringer who will attempt to assist the company in winning the annual softball game. At home, Peter's wife Lois informs him of their new neighbors, the Swanson family, and wishes for him to make friends with them; however, Peter is not interested and leaves with Brian for softball practice. The regular pitcher is absent, so Peter fills in. He injures Guillermo with a wild pitch during practice and must find a new player to replace him or else he will be fired.

Meanwhile, Lois goes with her youngest son, Stewie, to meet the new neighbors. She is greeted by Bonnie Swanson and soon after meets her husband, Joe, while Meg falls in love with Joe and Bonnie's son, Kevin. When Peter comes home he is rude to the Swansons. Later that night, Peter thinks about who can replace Guillermo, and Lois, hearing her husband's dilemma, reveals that Bonnie told her that Joe played baseball in college. Hearing this, Peter goes to Joe and apologizes for his earlier behavior towards him, and convinces him to play on his company softball team. However, while Peter and Mr. Weed are waiting for Joe at the ballpark, they're horrified when Joe shows up in a wheelchair, as Peter did not notice that Joe is paraplegic. Despite this, Joe proves to be an excellent ballplayer and leads Peter's company's team to victory. That night, Joe has a celebratory party in his house, where he reveals that he is a police officer who was crippled after fighting the Grinch on the roof of an orphanage and soon becomes very popular with the neighbors, including Peter's family.

Joe's popularity makes Peter jealous, so Peter wants to be a hero too. He attempts to stop a bank robbery to compete with Joe's heroism. Peter and Brian are taken hostage in the process, but Joe convinces the robbers to surrender, and Meg learns how to get Kevin to notice her in the process. An applauding crowd hoists Joe away in praise, leaving his wheel chair empty. Stewie tries to unlock the "power of the wheelchair," but Lois manages to remove him and puts a pacifier in his mouth, so he quickly falls asleep. After the hostage situation, Peter is disappointed, but his family consoles him by telling him that, even though he can't compare to Joe's regular heroics, he is their hero.

Production
"A Hero Sits Next Door" was written by Mike Barker and Matt Weitzman, the first time writing for the series for both, and directed by Monte Young, also his first Family Guy episode. During the production of the episode, the writers shared one office lent to them by the King of the Hill production crew. MacFarlane compared the production of the first season to a college project; the only difference was that he was being funded this time. The guest cast for the episode featured actress Suzie Plakson, figure skater Michelle Kwan, as well as actors Wally Wingert and Carlos Alazraqui. Recurring guest voice actors included writer and animator Butch Hartman. "A Hero Sits Next Door" serves as the introduction of police lieutenant and neighbor of the Griffin family Joe Swanson (voiced by Patrick Warburton), as well as his family consisting of his wife Bonnie (Jennifer Tilly) and their son Kevin.

During the production of the episode they developed a way to hide the fact that Joe used a wheelchair. This was done by showing the character Joe from the waist up during part of the episode. "A Hero Sits Next Door" is notable as it is the first episode of Family Guy not to feature words in its title pertaining to "Death" or "Murder". This convention was originally started due to creator Seth MacFarlane being a fan of 1930s and 1940s radio programs, particularly the radio thriller anthology Suspense; however, this convention was dropped after individual episodes became hard to identify and the novelty wore off. "I'm a huge fan of old radio dramas and I came up with this idea, when the show was still trying to find itself at the beginning, that the title of each episode would be a very ominous title borrowed from an old 40's suspense drama. And thus we had titles like 'Death Has a Shadow' and 'Mind Over Murder' that had nothing to do with the show. We realized that that kind of stopped being funny after four episodes. It's two in the morning and we're trying to come up with these things. So we kind of grew out of that and moved on to more traditional titles."

The story of Joe getting crippled by the Grinch is revealed to be a cover up story in the episode "Joe's Revenge". In the episode, Joe reveals that he was actually paralyzed by a drug dealer, whom he was investigating, after accidentally giving himself away.

Cultural references
The Super Friends make an appearance in the episode when Peter references a time when he played strip poker in the Hall of Justice. After Wonder Woman loses and takes off her clothes, Robin simply stares at Peter instead of a naked Wonder Woman.

The episode also makes a historical reference when a boy is showing his friend a Pez dispenser that looks like John F. Kennedy's head. The dispenser is then destroyed by a policeman's bullet. The boy says, "Oh well, at least I still have my Bobby Kennedy Pez dispenser". This is a reference to the assassinations of both John and Robert Kennedy. In January 2012, MacFarlane told Entertainment Weekly that “There have been jokes that I would have rather we not have done. The JFK Pez Dispenser was something I would probably not do now.”

Reception
"A Hero Sits Next Door" received favorable reviews from television critics. In a 2008 review, Ahsan Haque of IGN praised the episode, rating it a 7.9/10 and calling it "a great introduction for Joe". He noted that the fight sequence between Joe and the Grinch "paved the road for many action sequences to come". He also praised the strong emphasis on storyline. He deemed some of the gags "classic" including the gag featuring the Super Friends. Robin Pierson of The TV Critic wrote a more mixed review, rating the episode a 55 out of 100; Pierson found the plot odd, stating that its twists were counter intuitive, causing them to be less funny and not stand out. He also felt the cutaway jokes were short and average. He commented positively on some of the jokes, and the inclusion of Peter's new neighbors saying they provided a new dynamic to the series.

title: A Hero Sits Next Door


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Talk:Cross Flatts

2 't's?
i know for a fact crossflatts bingley is spelled with two 't's. will now make an edit (cophew) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Cophew (talk • contribs) 11:27, 21 August 2005 (UTC)

Notability
Cross Flatts is not an area in its own right, but a collection of streets close to a park which happens to bear the name. There is already and article for Beeston, Leeds and as such I think this spur should be deleted. Marked with notability flag for now. LNWWatcher (talk) 12:41, 12 April 2011 (UTC)

 * Changed to a redirect to Beeston, Leeds - this isn't an area in its own right anyway, and all relevant information is in the former article. LNWWatcher (talk) 21:35, 15 October 2011 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Cross Flatts


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Innovation communication

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. - Mailer Diablo 17:53, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

Innovation communication
Admittedly original research. Laura Scudder | Talk 18:22, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nominator. - Thatdog 19:03, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Gazpacho 19:50, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per nom. Alf 11:41, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Aeschynite-(Nd)

Aeschynite-(Nd) is a rare earth mineral of neodymium, cerium, calcium, thorium, titanium, niobium, oxygen, and hydrogen with the chemical formula (Nd,Ce,Ca,Th)(Ti,Nb)2(O,OH)6. Its name comes from the Greek word for "shame". Its Mohs scale rating is 5 to 6. It is a member of the hydroxide minerals.

It was first reported for an occurrence in Bayan Obo, Inner Mongolia in 1982. In that rare earth mining deposit it occurs in veins within metamorphosed dolomite and slate. It occurs associated with aegirine, riebeckite, barite, fluorite, albite, phlogopite and magnetite. The IMA symbol is Aes-Nd.

title: Aeschynite-(Nd)


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Lajos Egri

Lajos N. Egri (June 4, 1888 – February 7, 1967) was a Hungarian-American playwright and teacher of creative writing. He is the author of The Art of Dramatic Writing, which is widely regarded as one of the best works on the subject of playwriting, as well as its companion textbook, The Art of Creative Writing. Beyond the theater, his methods have also been used to write short stories, novels, and screenplays.

Early years
Born into a Jewish family in Eger, Austria-Hungary, Egri came to the US in 1906 and worked in a New York garment factory as a tailor and presser. He was an active member of the International Ladies' Garment Workers Union.

Playwright
Egri wrote his first three-act play at the age of ten, according to his biographical sketch in The Art of Dramatic Writing. In 1927, Rapid Transit, Egri's expressionist play, was translated from Hungarian and produced at the Provincetown Playhouse in New York. Casting about for some adequate means of conveying a sense of the furious pace of this machine age, Egri pictured a world in which all of life is compressed into twenty-four hours. Children grow to maturity in a few minutes; meals are eaten in split seconds; tabloid newspapers are issued at intervals of a second or two, and the loss of half a minute is a serious matter. The New York Times described the play as "chaotic at times, but sporadically interesting." Egri's other plays include the satirical comedy Believe Me or Not (1933), Tornado (1938), This is Love (1945 with Arden Young) and The Cactus Club (1957). His one-act Hungarian plays include Satan is Dead, Spiders, Between Two Gods, There Will be No Performance, and Devils.

Teacher of playwriting
Egri taught courses in playwriting, first in New York (1860 Broadway and 2 Columbus Circle), and then in Los Angeles. One student who garnered much attention was a 63-year-old grandmother, Esther Kaufman, who attended Egri's classes. Egri encouraged Kaufman to write a play about growing up on the Lower East Side. The result was A Worm in the Horseradish, which had its premiere at the Maidman Playhouse in New York, March 13, 1961, and closed May 28 after mixed reviews. Egri also worked with other playwrights and screenwriters, including Woody Allen, who took Egri's course at 2 Columbus Circle. "I still think his The Art of Dramatic Writing is the most stimulating and best book on the subject ever written, and I have them all," Allen told biographer Eric Lax.

The Art of Dramatic Writing
Originally published by Simon & Schuster in 1942 as How to Write a Play, Egri's treatise was revised and published as The Art of Dramatic Writing in 1946.

Egri argues in The Art of Dramatic Writing against Aristotle's view of character being secondary to plot (as stated in Aristotle's Poetics). According to Egri, well defined characters will drive the plot themselves, and so the foundation of character is the essential germination of a well crafted story.

Central to Egri's argument is his claim that the best stories follow the logical method of thesis, antithesis, synthesis, or dialectic, to prove what he calls a "premise." A premise, as Egri describes it, is a thematic truth. In The Art of Dramatic Writing he offers as an example the premise that "stinginess leads to ruin." Having settled on this theme, Egri writes, the playwright can detect in the statement the suggestion of a story's beginning, middle, and end: first, the establishment of an obsessively stingy character; next, the collision of that character's stinginess with inevitable opposition, or antithesis; and finally the character's ruin. Egri also emphasizes what he sees as the ever-present role of change in all forms of life, forcing people to evolve and synthesize new philosophies in the face of one overwhelming obstacle after another.

The Art of Creative Writing
In 1965, Egri expanded on his views of character development and motivation in the book, The Art of Creative Writing. His theses in this work can be summarized as follows:
 * 1) All human beings are fundamentally selfish, their primary drive being to feel, or be perceived as, important.
 * 2) Human character is fixed and does not change significantly over life.
 * 3) Creative writing should start from identification of one or more main characters, rather than from actions, events or incidents.
 * 4) Characters should have an overriding trait (Egri’s word is ‘compulsion’), typically negative, such as greed, snobbery or extravagance, coupled with the determination that that trait should prevail.
 * 5) The author should clearly understand his characters’ motivations, if necessary by providing histories/biographies which inform the story even if they do not form part of it.
 * 6) A satisfying structure - used in many of the book's examples - is one in which two characters with opposing flaws are inextricably bound together, leading to a crisis in which the conflict is resolved by some dramatic action.

Later life
Egri taught creative writing in his West Los Angeles home (at 11635 Mayfield Avenue) until shortly before his death. He died of a heart attack at Cedars of Lebanon Hospital.

title: Lajos Egri


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Julius Buckler

Julius Buckler (28 March 1894 – 23 May 1960) was a German First World War fighter ace credited with 36 victories during the war. He shot down 29 enemy airplanes and seven observation balloons; two other victories went unconfirmed. He was one of only four German fighter aces to win Germany's highest decorations for valor for both enlisted man and officer.

Early life and service
Buckler's father was a roofer, and Buckler followed him into the family trade. At 15 years of age, Buckler had an interest in architecture and worked for Anthony Fokker but left in 1913 to join the Infantry Life Regiment 117. After suffering a bad wound on the Western Front in September 1914, he applied for a transfer to the German Army Air Service (Luftstreitkräfte)

He trained in Flieger-Ersatz-Abteilung 6, and by the summer of 1915 was flying artillery direction missions over Verdun as an aerial observer in Flieger-Abteilung (Artillerie) 209 before training as a pilot. Once he was qualified, Buckler returned to his two-seater unit as a pilot. On 21 March 1916, he was lining up an attack on a French Voisin when a Fokker Eindekker cut in and shot it down. The Eindekker followed Buckler and his observer back to their base; the pilot introduced himself as Oswald Boelcke. Meeting the leading ace of the war evoked Buckler's intense desire to become a fighter pilot.

In November 1916 he transferred to a fighter squadron, Jagdstaffel 17, as a founding member. Just after he joined Jagdstaffel 17, they re-equipped with the Albatros D.II.

Aerial victories and wounds
He scored his initial victory on 17 December 1916, a French Caudron over Bras. He would not score again until 14 February 1918. He then began to pick up single victories throughout Spring and early Summer. On 17 July he scored victory number 11 although he was wounded again and did not score again until 9 August. On 11 August he downed a British RE 8 and was wounded yet again the next day. Victory 14 was on 29 September, possibly because his wound kept him out of action.

On 18 November he was commissioned as a Leutnant. He was wounded for the fourth time on 30 November 1917, wounded in both his arms and chest. His subsequent crash then completely broke both arms. He lay under his smashed aircraft for hours before counter-attacking German infantry overran the wreckage and rescued him. On 4 December 1917, while he was recovering from his wounds, he was awarded the Pour le Mérite. The injuries kept him out of action for months and he would not score again until 16 April 1918.

After recovering, he rejoined Jagdstaffel 17. At this time he had two airplanes dedicated for his personal use. He dubbed them Mops and Lilly. He flew "Mops" and "Lilly" to score three more victories before he was severely wounded yet again on 6 May 1918, this time in the left ankle. His next victory came five months later on 5 October. He scored twice more in the final days of the war, and had his second unconfirmed triumph on 8 November.

Postwar
In 1939, Buckler wrote his memoirs, entitled "Malaula! Der Kampfruf meiner Staffel (Malaula! The Battle Cry of my Squadron)"

He survived World War II and died on 23 May 1960, in either Berlin or Bonn.

Decorations and awards

 * Prussian Pilot's Badge
 * Iron Cross of 1914, 1st and 2nd class
 * Ehrenbecher für den Sieger im Luftkampf (24 December 1916)
 * Warrior Decoration in Iron (Hesse)
 * Gold Military Merit Cross (Prussia) (12 November 1917)
 * Knights Cross with Swords of the House Order of Hohenzollern
 * Pour le Mérite (4 December 1917)
 * Wound Badge (1918) in Gold
 * The Honour Cross of the World War 1914/1918

title: Julius Buckler


text: File:Batman & Mr. Freeze SubZero.jpg

title: File:Batman & Mr. Freeze SubZero.jpg


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Joseph McCarthy (lyricist)

Thomas Joseph McCarthy (September 27, 1885 – December 18, 1943) was an American lyricist whose most famous songs include "You Made Me Love You", and "I'm Always Chasing Rainbows", from the now-forgotten Oh, Look! (1918), starring the Dolly Sisters, based upon the haunting melody from the middle section of Chopin's Fantaisie-Impromptu.

Born in Somerville, Massachusetts, United States, McCarthy was a frequent collaborator of composers Harry Tierney and Fred Fisher. He was the director of ASCAP from 1921 to 1929.

Music score

 * 1918 Oh, Look!
 * 1919 Ziegfeld Follies of 1919
 * 1919 Irene (stage musical)
 * 1920 Ziegfeld Follies of 1920
 * 1921 The Broadway Whirl
 * 1922 Up She Goes
 * 1922 Glory
 * 1923 Ziegfeld Follies of 1923
 * 1923 Kid Boots
 * 1924 Ziegfeld Follies of 1924
 * 1926 Irene (film)
 * 1927 Rio Rita (stage musical)
 * 1928 Cross My Heart
 * 1929 Rio Rita
 * 1930 New Movietone Follies of 1930
 * 1931 Ziegfeld Follies of 1931
 * 1942 Rio Rita (remake)

Songwriter

 * 1914 "There's a Little Spark of Love Still Burning" (with Fred Fisher)
 * 1917 "They Go Wild Simply Wild Over Me" (with Fred Fisher)
 * 1918 "I'm Always Chasing Rainbows" (from the musical Oh Look!)
 * 1919 "Alice Blue Gown" (waltz from Irene) (with Harry Tierney)
 * 1930 "So This Is London"
 * 1930 "Under Suspicion"
 * 1930 "Up the River"
 * 1945 "Incendiary Blonde"

title: Joseph McCarthy (lyricist)


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José Condungua Pacheco

José Condungua Pacheco (born 10 September 1958 in Sofala Province) is a Mozambican politician who was the Minister of Foreign Affairs for Mozambique between 2017 and 2020. He previously served as minister of Agriculture from 2010 to 2017; Minister of the interior from 2005 to 2009. Pacheco was governor of Cabo Delgado Province from 1998 to 2005 and vice minister of agriculture from 1995 to 1998. He is a certified agricultural technology engineer.

title: José Condungua Pacheco


text: User talk:69.142.113.20

title: User talk:69.142.113.20


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User talk:Zeitgeist248

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).
 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Follow the Simplified Ruleset
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

Meelar (talk) 18:25, August 19, 2005 (UTC)

 * Welcome aboard Zeitgeist. I've removed your changes to San Diego, California, and explained why in in my edit summary. Please don't take it personally, but we have to be selective in which events and attractions we list in the article space, or it will grow to an unmanageable size. CityFest and Street Scene, for example, are much more notable San Diego events than the Wiener Nationals, and they are not listed for that aforementioned reason. Also, according to this website, the Weiner Nationals take place in Orange County; are you sure you've got the right place? It never hurts to cite a reference in your articles. Thanks for your contributions, and I'll see you around the wiki. Fernando Rizo T/C 18:28, 19 August 2005 (UTC) (Comment moved from user page, where it had been posted in error -- Francs2000 | Talk [[Image:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|25px| ]] 18:31, 19 August 2005 (UTC))

 * I've read on in your Weiner Nationals article and I see now that the OC article I found is just a preliminary for the finals at the Holiday Bowl in SD. My mistake. Fernando Rizo T/C 18:37, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

Wiener Nationals
Hey there Zeitgeist. I saw your comment on Francs2000's talk page. That's pretty impressive that the Wiener Nationals attracts 10,000 people; I'll have to go check it out one of these years. However, Street Scene attracts ~55,000 people and the annual Gay Pride parade in Hillcrest attracts over 100,000, and they're not on the list. 22:47, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

Re: Your message
Just to let you know that the above comment wasn't left by me, I merely moved it here when it was mistakely posted to your user page. I have no idea what you are going on about tbh. -- Francs2000 | Talk 23:36, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Zeitgeist248


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Talk:Open Diary

We need the article updated. :)

In Bruce's interview (that there is already a link to here), it says that he started OD in Oct 1997, not 1998 as written here. Can anyone confirm? 59.167.214.144 16:10, 18 October 2006 (UTC)

The oldest, consistently updated, diary at the Open Diary belongs to the author known as Jeanne. The diary author number at the original site was 0005. At the addition of Open Diary Plus, the diary was migrated to the premium site, and the beginning of the original diary is noted as October 22, 1998.

Is it really relevant that the site was featured in a book of interviews? That line reads like an ad for the book more than as useful information about the site or project...80.203.59.175

October, 1998 is the correct date - the date cited in the interview is incorrect or a misprint. As stated above, the longest surviving diary on the site was started on October 22, 1998 - and that diary entry was posted within the first 24 hours of OD being available to the public. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Bableson (talk • contribs) 22:16, 23 November 2007 (UTC)

Quick change
I just updated the "number of diarists" as it was well out of date. That is all.

212.159.12.49 (talk) 23:57, 19 January 2008 (UTC)Ooeyek

title: Talk:Open Diary


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Winter Light

Winter Light (Nattvardsgästerna) is a 1963 Swedish drama film written and directed by Ingmar Bergman and starring his regulars, Gunnar Björnstrand, Ingrid Thulin and Max von Sydow. It follows Tomas Ericsson (Björnstrand), pastor of a small rural Swedish church, as he deals with an existential crisis and his Christianity.

The film is the second in a series of thematically related films, following Through a Glass Darkly (1961) and followed by The Silence (1963); this is sometimes considered a trilogy. In it, Bergman reconsiders Through a Glass Darkly's argument that God is love, and repeated the prior film's reference to God as a monstrous spider.

Bergman formed the story after speaking to a clergyman whose parishioner committed suicide. The film was shot in different locations in Sweden in 1962. Vilgot Sjöman's film Ingmar Bergman Makes a Movie was made simultaneously with Winter Light and documents its production. The feature received positive reviews for its cinematography and themes.

Plot
In the final moments of Pastor Tomas Ericsson's noon service, only a handful of people are in attendance, including fisherman Jonas Persson and his pregnant wife Karin, and Tomas's ex-mistress, the atheistic Märta. After the service, Tomas, though coming down with a cold, prepares for his three o'clock service in another town. Before he leaves, however, the Perssons arrive to speak to him. Jonas has become morose after hearing that China is developing an atomic bomb. Tomas speaks to the man briefly, but asks Jonas to return after taking his wife home. No sooner have the Perssons left than substitute teacher Märta enters, and she attempts to comfort the miserable Tomas, and asks if he's read the letter she wrote to him. He has not, and tells her of his failure to help Jonas, and wonders if he will have anything to say, since he is without hope as well. Märta states her love for Tomas, but also her belief that he does not love her. She leaves, and Tomas reads her letter.

In the letter, Märta describes Tomas's neglect of her, relating a story of how a rash that disfigured her body repulsed him, and neither his faith nor his prayers did anything to help her. She writes of how her family was warm and loving without religion, and expresses bewilderment at his indifference to Jesus. Tomas finishes the letter, and falls asleep. Awakened by the return of Jonas, Tomas clumsily tries to provide counsel, before finally admitting that he has no faith as well. He says his faith was an egotistical one – God loved humanity, but Tomas most of all. Serving in Lisbon during the Spanish Civil War, Tomas could not reconcile his loving God with the atrocities being committed, so he ignored them. Tomas finally tells Jonas that things make more sense if we deny the existence of God, because then man's cruelty needs no explanation. Jonas leaves, and Tomas faces the crucifix and declares himself finally free.

Märta, who has been lurking in the chapel, is overjoyed to hear this, and embraces Tomas, who again does not respond to her affections. They are interrupted by the widow Magdalena, who tells them that Jonas has just committed suicide with a rifle. Tomas drives, alone, to the scene, and stoically helps the police cover Jonas's body with a tarp. Märta arrives on foot, and she and Tomas drive off to her home, where she invites him in to take some medicine for his cold. Waiting in Märta's classroom attached to her house, Tomas finally lashes out at her, telling her first that he rejected her because he was tired of the gossip about them. When that fails to deter her affections, Tomas then tells her that he was tired of her problems, her attempts to care for him, and her constant talking, and that Märta could never measure up to his late wife, the only woman he has ever loved. Though shocked by the attack, Märta agrees to drive with him to the Persson house. Informed of Jonas's suicide, Karin collapses onto the stairs and wonders how she and her children will go on. Tomas makes a perfunctory offer of help, and leaves.

Arriving for the three o'clock service at the second church, Tomas and Märta find the building empty except for Algot, the handicapped sexton, and Fredrik, the organist. In the vestry, Algot questions Tomas about the Passion. Algot wonders why so much emphasis was placed on the physical suffering of Jesus, which was brief in comparison to the many betrayals he faced from his disciples, who denied his messages and commands, and finally from God, who did not answer him on the cross. He asks, "Wasn't God's silence worse?" Tomas, who has been listening silently, answers yes. Meanwhile, Fredrik tells Märta that she should leave the small town and Tomas and live her life, rather than stay and have her dreams crushed like the rest of them, but she chooses to start praying. Fredrik and Algot wonder if they should have a service since no one has shown up. Tomas still chooses to hold it, and the bells are rung. He begins the service reciting the Sanctus: "Holy Holy Holy, Lord God Almighty; heaven and earth are full of your glory."

Cast

 * Gunnar Björnstrand – Tomas Ericsson, pastor
 * Ingrid Thulin – Märta Lundberg, schoolteacher
 * Gunnel Lindblom – Karin Persson
 * Max von Sydow – Jonas Persson
 * Allan Edwall – Algot Frövik, sexton
 * Kolbjörn Knudsen – Knut Aronsson, warden
 * Olof Thunberg – Fredrik Blom, organist
 * Elsa Ebbesen – Magdalena Ledfors, widow

Themes
Ingmar Bergman identified previous films he had made with similar themes as The Virgin Spring (1960) and Through a Glass Darkly (1961). Winter Light is often considered the second film in a trilogy, following Through a Glass Darkly and completed by The Silence. All three films focus on spiritual issues. Bergman writes, "These three films deal with reduction. Through a Glass Darkly – conquered certainty. Winter Light – penetrated certainty. The Silence – God's silence – the negative imprint. Therefore, they constitute a trilogy". He later retracted his claim the films form a trilogy.

With Through a Glass Darkly ending with a discussion of how God is love, Winter Light further examines if understanding God is as simple as that. Bergman stated he abandoned the idea that love is proof of God because it was unsatisfactory to explain to a character who was suicidal over fear of nuclear war. The character Blom mocks the idea of God as love, attributing the words to Tomas but quoting the end of Through a Glass Darkly exactly. Tomas's loss of his wife, and his loss of his ability to love, is further proof to him that God has become silent. In contrast, the character Algot, presented as enlightened, equates Tomas's spiritual crisis with sayings of Jesus on the cross and God's "silence".

Like Through a Glass Darkly, Winter Light describes God as a "spider-god", with Winter Light explaining the metaphor when Tomas relates the spider-god to suffering, as opposed to his previous ideas of a God of love that provides comfort. The ending may mean Tomas has decided God does not exist, or that Tomas learns he must keep his faith because all Christians, including Jesus, grapple with God's silence. In Bergman's view, Winter Light represents the end of his study on whether God exists, after which human love became his main concern.

Development
Director and screenwriter Ingmar Bergman was inspired to make the film after talking to a clergyman, who related how he had offered spiritual advice to a fisherman who later killed himself. To this, Bergman added the ideas of the clergyman struggling with his faith and a relationship outside marriage. The idea of the character becoming depressed over fear of China and weapons of mass destruction was based on an article Bergman himself had read, and he acknowledged it reflected his own dread.

Bergman attempted to structure the screenplay as chamber music, in three acts. It is meant, in part, as criticism of the governance of the Church of Sweden, which Bergman felt was condemning itself by failing to keep what is important. He completed the screenplay on 11 August 1961, at which point Vilgot Sjöman began filming the documentary Ingmar Bergman Makes a Movie chronicling the production.

With this film, Bergman took the rare step of sharing the screenplay with his father, Church of Sweden minister Erik Bergman, and boasted that his father read it three times. Ingmar may have been trying to communicate to his father that he understood Erik, but the name of the character, Ericsson (son of Erik), may indicate the character represents Ingmar more than Erik.

Casting
Ingmar Bergman personally cast some of the roles himself. Actor Gunnar Björnstrand, who played Tomas, typically acted in more comedic roles, and found it challenging to play a character who was in some ways unlikable. This led him to forget some of his lines, which Bergman said he had never seen Björnstrand do before. However, Björnstrand told Sjöman he personally liked the character because of his relatability.

Allan Edwall played Algot, a character with the same form of rheumatism as prop artist K.A. Bergman. As a result, K.A. Bergman supervised Edwall's performance.

Filming
The film was shot between 4 October 1961 and 17 January 1962 in the Filmstaden studios, Skattunge kyrka and Rättvik. The crew was unable to shoot inside the real Skattunge kyrka church, so they built a set for interiors. Although most film sets have no roofs, the crew built a roof over the church set it constructed. K.A. Bergman brought in hymn boards, which were centuries old, from real churches in Forsbacka and Lillkyrka.

Cinematographer Sven Nykvist spent one month studying lighting in the church at different times of day and in different conditions, conducting photography tests. Nykvist's lighting was used directly from low perspectives in his shots. To reduce the shadows as much as possible, Nykist had reflectors and screens built to also indirectly light scenes. Although the clothing is ordinary, costume designer Max Goldstein had the actors try out many articles of clothing to determine what looked best, and Ingmar Bergman did not review his sketches. The film employs no score aside from the organ music. Bergman planned to use Sarabande from Suite No. 2 in D minor for Cello, BWV 1008 by Johann Sebastian Bach for the scene where Tomas and Märta leave the scene of Jonas's suicide, tying in with the use of the piece in Through a Glass Darkly, but Bergman eventually abandoned the idea as "contrived".

Bergman judged the speed of filming to be slower than his average film, because of struggles to master the right emotions, though scenes did not require an unusually high number of takes. The scene where Märta first comforts Tomas took 11 takes.

Release
The film opened in Sweden on 11 February 1963. Vilgot Sjöman's interviews with audience members at the Swedish premiere indicated viewers thought it was a masterpiece, that the performances were realistic, and Bergman's struggles with faith were relevant to everyone.

In the United States, Winter Light opened in New York City on 13 May 1963, distributed by Janus Films. On 19 August 2003, The Criterion Collection released the film on DVD in Region 1, in a boxset with Through a Glass Darkly, The Silence and Sjöman's documentary Ingmar Bergman Makes a Movie. In 2018, Criterion announced a Blu-ray release in Region A for 20 November 2018, along with 38 other Bergman films, in the set Ingmar Bergman's Cinema.

Reception
Winter Light drew ambivalent responses in the American press. In Variety, it was billed as "an extremely moving and fascinating film for the religiously aware, and a somewhat boring one for the religiously indifferent". Judith Crist of the New York Herald Tribune wrote that the work "casts a gloom-tinged glare upon the human condition with chilling clarity", but found the film "bleak and cold in its abstract ideas". John Simon described it as "inferior Bergman" in The New Leader, but wrote that it still "deserves to be seen". In The New York Times, Bosley Crowther called it "a thoughtful, engrossing, shocking film". The National Board of Review named it one of the Top Foreign Films in its 1963 Awards. The film ranked 3rd on Cahiers du Cinéma's Top 10 Films of the Year List in 1965.

Susan Sontag, in her famous essay "Against Interpretation" first published in December 1964 in the Evergreen Review, dismissed the "callow pseudo-intellectuality of the story and some of the dialogue" in Winter Light, but praised "the beauty and visual sophistication of the images".

In 2007, Roger Ebert added Winter Light to his Great Movies list, citing the film's "bleak, courageous power" and echoing Sontag's praise of its visual style as "one of rigorous simplicity". In his 2015 Movie Guide, Leonard Maltin gave the film three and a half stars, calling it a "Powerful, penetrating drama". Bergman cited Winter Light as his favorite among his films. The film has a 74% rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 23 reviews.

title: Winter Light


text:
The Son Also Draws

"The Son Also Draws" is the sixth and penultimate episode of the first season of the animated comedy series Family Guy. It originally aired on Fox in the United States on May 9, 1999. The episode follows Chris as he is ejected from the Youth Scouts, and Peter drives the family to Scout headquarters to get him readmitted. During a rest stop at a Native American casino, Lois gambles away the family car. Peter pretends to be a member of the tribe in an attempt to get it back, and is sent on a vision quest to prove his heritage, giving him and Chris an opportunity to bond.

"The Son Also Draws" was written by Ricky Blitt and directed by Neil Affleck, both working on their first Family Guy episode. The episode guest starred actors Suzie Plakson, Kevin Michael Richardson, Fred Tatasciore and Wally Wingert. Recurring guest voice actors included writer and animator Butch Hartman and actor Patrick Bristow. Much of the episode's humor is structured around cutaway sequences that parody popular culture, including references to Speed Racer, Happy Days, Nova, One Day at a Time, and The More You Know.

Critical reception for the episode was favorable; certain critics believed the episode was not an "instant classic" in contrast to the other episodes of the season but called it "memorable" and "brilliant" nevertheless, while others regarded it as the black sheep of the season. The episode caused controversy in Canada for the episode's final gag, in which Peter states that "Canada sucks." Ricky Blitt, the episode's writer, is himself Canadian.

Plot
Chris hates being in the Youth Scouts and wants to quit, but is afraid to tell his father Peter. Chris is finally kicked out when he runs over the troop leader during a Soap Box Derby. Peter insists on driving Chris and the rest of the family (Peter's wife Lois, their daughter Meg and their infant Stewie) to the Youth Scout headquarters, in Manhattan, to get Chris readmitted. While they are gone, their talking dog Brian is watching Nova just as the show is interrupted to show several episodes of the sitcom One Day at a Time. He tries to change the channel, but is unable to do so (nor can he turn the TV off), losing his intelligence shortly after watching a few episodes.

The family stops at a Native American casino as Peter needs to use the bathroom, Lois quickly becomes addicted to gambling and loses the family car. Peter tries to get the car back by claiming to be Native American. The doubtful Indian elders demand that he go on a vision quest to prove his heritage. Chris accompanies Peter into the wilderness, hoping to tell him that he only wants to draw instead of being in the Scouts. Delirious from hunger, Peter begins talking to anthropomorphic trees and sees a vision of his spiritual guide, Fonzie. After hearing Fonzie's advice Peter finally listens to Chris's complaints and realizes his son is a talented artist.

Peter and Chris return to the casino and reclaim the car. The episode ends with Lois, Stewie, and Meg counteracting stereotypes about Native Americans, Mexicans, and Swedes, respectively, before Peter comments that "Canada sucks."

Production
"The Son Also Draws" was written by Ricky Blitt, his first episode in the Family Guy series, and directed by former Simpsons director Neil Affleck, also in his first Family Guy episode. Peter Shin and Roy Allen Smith, who have since supervised other episodes of Family Guy, both acted as supervising directors on this episode. Alex Borstein, the voice of Lois, helped write this episode, making her the first female member in the Family Guy writing staff; show creator Seth MacFarlane mentioned that her input on the character of Lois was particularly helpful. Andrew Gormley and voice actor Mike Henry acted as staff writers for this episode, while Ricky Blitt, Neil Goldman and Chris Sheridan worked as the story editors. The subplot of "The Son Also Draws" that involved Lois losing the car was based on the 1985 comedy film Lost in America. The part where Peter pretends to be an Indian to get the family car back was inspired by real-life instances of people who were "1/64th" Native American receiving money from wealthy casino tribes.

In addition to the regular cast, "The Son Also Draws" featured the voices of actors Suzie Plakson, Kevin Michael Richardson, Fred Tatasciore and Wally Wingert. Recurring guest voice actors included writer and animator Butch Hartman and actor Patrick Bristow.

Cultural references
The television show the family is watching near the beginning of the show is an episode from the 1974 ABC sitcom Happy Days.

When the rest of the family is gone on the trip to Manhattan, Brian watches an episode of Nova, which is interrupted by a PBS announcement that they will be showing various episodes of One Day at a Time.

Speed and Pops from Speed Racer make an appearance at the Soap Box Derby starting line and again when the Griffins prepare to leave for Manhattan.

When Peter has to search for his spiritual guide, it turns out to be Fonzie from Happy Days.

The song sung by trees is Cats in the Cradle by Harry Chapin.

The end of the episode features a parody of the series of public service announcements The More You Know.

Reception
Reviews for "The Son Also Draws" were mixed to favorable. In a 2008 review, Ahsan Haque of IGN rated the episode an 8/10, stating that while the episode is not an "instant classic", it is "still quite strong" and has "more than a few clever moments". He also notes that the cutaways are "kept to a minimum", and much of the humor comes from the storyline. He commented that the episode did not have as many laugh-out-loud moments as other episodes, but stated that it had bolder humor than the show would later be known for. In his review of the first volume DVD collection of Family Guy, Aaron Beierle of DVD Talk listed "The Son Also Draws" as one of the series' "most brilliant moments", praising the spiritual vision sequence and naming the conversation between Peter and Brian among the best moments of the series, calling the conversation "rolling-on-the-floor funny."

Robin Pierson of The TV Critic, however, was far more hostile towards the episode, giving it the lowest rating of the season, a 44 out of 100. Pierson believed the episode was "very poor" and called the storyline "lame" and "unfocussed [sic]," with "a bunch of jokes to match." The gag at the end of the episode, in which Peter states that "Canada sucks", inspired anger from Canadian viewers of the show, which led them to send letters to the show's producers. Ricky Blitt, the writer of the episode and the person responsible for the controversial gag, is Canadian.

Home media
"The Son Also Draws" and the complete first and second seasons of the series were released under the title Family Guy Volume One; this standard four-disc DVD box set debuted in Region 1 on April 15, 2003, three months before the premiere of the third season. Distributed by 20th Century Fox Television, it included several DVD extras such as episode commentaries, behind-the-scenes footage, and online promo spots. The same episodes, without the special features, were released in Region 2 on November 12, 2001 and in Region 4 on October 20, 2003.

title: The Son Also Draws


text:
Talk:BBC Prime

'Consequently, many people in mainland Europe, bought viewing cards to receive BBC One and Two from the UK, which prompted GBC in Gibraltar to end terrestrial retransmission of BBC Prime in 1999. This has continued even after the BBC switched to broadcasting unencrypted on a satellite with a much weaker signal, as many people in Spain already had large satellite dishes.'

I don't understand this. More details please.

 * Well, I don't know much about it, so I won't edit the article, but I think what is meant is that viewers frustrated with the content of BBC Prime opted to pay to receive (by encypted satellite, I presume, hence the need to but a "viewing card") BBC1 and 2. The second sentence is a bit ambiguous - did the people in Spain with large satellite dishes continue to buy "viewing cards" to view these unencrypted transmissions? Or does it just mean "they carried on watching", because even though they were on the fringes of the "footprint" (as the linked paragraph puts it) their large dishes could pick it up? I guess the second, but "This has continued" is very vague, and the reference to Spain far more specific than the previous sentence's "people in mainland Europe". - IMSoP 19:19, 21 August 2005 (UTC)

Advertisements
The following sentence can only be partially correct:

"As it also carries advertisements, it is not available in the United Kingdom, as under the terms of the BBC's Charter, its domestic services cannot show advertising."

I can vouch for the fact that it is not correct to say that BBC Prime "carries advertisements": I've watched it daily since it was launched, and I have never seen a single ad. However, I can't say that it does not carry advertisements in other BBC Prime regions.

The sentence would be more acurate if it either listed the Zones where it carries advertisements, or if it was rephrased to something along the lines of:

"As it may carry advertisements in some regions, it is not available in the United Kingdom, as under the terms of the BBC's Charter, its domestic services cannot show advertising."

If nobody expresses disagreement within the space of a few days, I will edit the article. MIP | Talk 14:21, 10 August 2006 (UTC)

 * As there were no rebuttals to my suggestion, I will now make the proposed edit. MIP | Talk 11:11, 29 August 2006 (UTC)

About BBC Learning
It has been removed from programming in the European Zone. From the BBC Prime website FAQ:

''Why has BBC LEARNING ended? BBC Prime is changing its programming strategy and concentrating on drama, comedy and lifestyle with the intention of improving the relevance and appeal of the channel to the widest audience. Education is still important to the BBC and it may be that in the future there will be a dedicated channel for educational content.''

Does anyone know whether it still runs in other regions? In a few days, and if nobody opposes, I will edit the article to reflect this change. MIP | Talk 00:41, 31 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Have edited the article, according to my comment above. MIP | Talk 11:26, 5 September 2006 (UTC)

 * It should be called BBC Repeat, repeat and repeat, because that's all it does. andreasegde 19:11, 8 January 2007 (UTC)

 * The only thing I can remember about BBC Learning is that it had Mark Steel's Lectures on it. As I don't think it merits an article, I shall remove the red link. Rothorpe 23:20, 27 September 2007 (UTC)

BBC repeat
I am waiting for the change, but it hasn't happened yet. Maybe they will repeat the change? andreasegde 02:33, 14 January 2007 (UTC)

 * What do you mean? Wikiwoohoo 19:51, 26 January 2007 (UTC)

 * BBC Prime is not really the BBC, it is just a money-making exercise in repeating things for money. Repeat, repeat, repeat, repeat, repeat, repeat, repeat, repeat, repeat, repeat, repeat, repeat, repeat, repeat, repeat, repeat, repeat, repeat, repeat, repeat, repeat, repeat, and repeat. "And now - something new" NOT! --andreasegde (talk) 23:01, 24 January 2008 (UTC)

Merge
...And talking of repeats, I can't see any difference between BBC Prime and BBC Entertainment except for the name. Perhaps the articles too should be merged under the new name. (A similar case, perhaps, to BBC World > BBC World News.) Rothorpe (talk) 19:28, 29 November 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:BBC Prime


text:
Talk:Perpendicular recording

Implementations section stops at 2009
Have there really been no more advances since 2009? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:2C7:780:4DE2:98D0:C86:AD8B:44CE (talk) 22:31, 14 May 2018 (UTC)

image is wrong
SHOOT the sinebot! SHOOT the sinebot! While I worked to add my signature it auto-signed, created a conflict, and thereby I Lost 15 lines of (additional) editing.

The image is wrong. The most important is that in the new perpendicular recording method the field lines on the left are much further apart because of the large surface area.

In the first "old" recording ring, the ends are tapered, and most fieldlines eminate from there..... -- Rewolff (talk) 15:10, 23 January 2009 (UTC)

 * I don't know much about svg, but maybe one could change this image: de:Datei:Perpendicular_Recording.svg The picture itself is very good, but the captions are in german. -- JonnyJD (talk) 18:19, 24 January 2009 (UTC)

Encoding
Very subtle troll going on here, wouldn't have noticed it if Timecop didn't post. Hint: Down is 1, Up is 0.

Sorry, wrong --- One = magnetic transition (i.e. a change from up to down or vice versa), zero = no transition!

Not true either. As far as I know, there are say 65536 patterns of length 18 patterns of yes-no-transitions that together encode 16 bits. -- Rewolff (talk) 15:05, 23 January 2009 (UTC)

250 Gbit/sq
Being the meter the SI unit, can anyone edit this article to display SI units? --Mecanismo 18:32, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

upper limit of superparamagnetic effect
I am no expert, but I think the number 'max 250 Gbit/sq. inch' due to the the superparamagnetic limit is wrong. This is the number quoted by hitachi for the estimated density of their NEW perpendicular recording media, NOT the old longitudinal one.

Although I do not have time to look it up carefully right now, I have read that the limit is more like 100 Gbit/in^2. Perpendicular recording will bring this up to 500 Gbit/in^2.

Please see www.ieeemagnetics.org/Newsletter/05october/Oct2005_Newsletter.pdf and seach keywords. They suggest that the superparamagnetic limit is somewhere between 100 and 200 Gbit/in^2. (this number is constantly changing)

Also, Gbit/in^2 is the industry standard unit.

Again, I have only vague knowledge of all this, please double-check.

The super-paramagnetic limit
is a 'soft limit', or an engineering limit. It arises from material properties and recording technology employed. Perpendicular recording allows to extend this limit to the quoted ~500 Gb/in^2 due to the fact that harder (higher coercivity) magnetic media can be used, since the perpendicular geometry allows to use the head's write field about 2x or so more efficiently. This then allows to scale the size of the recorded bit (while remaining thermally stable).

Merge
Perpendicular Magnetic Recording duplicates info as presented on this page. Also, that page is far less mature than this. It should be merged here. --Soumyasch 07:55, 25 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Seconded. It's a duplicate article. Fdgfds 01:58, 8 April 2006 (UTC)

This seems to be taken care of....

Toshiba reliability issues
Any citation or example of the "reliability issues" suffered by Toshiba PMR drives? Are such issues unique to Toshiba drives? Nllewellyn 20:35, 8 December 2006 (UTC)

Speed impact
Does anyone know anything about the impact on speed? Theoretically, the data tightness ought to give a higher data output at the same RPMs as longitudinal drives...

Correct! Speeds jumped from around 50Mb/sec to near 100Mb/sec in a short while after this invention. -- Rewolff (talk) 15:19, 23 January 2009 (UTC)

Quote from InfoStor does not violate copyright laws.
http://www.infostor.com/display_article/245676/23/ARCHI/none/none/1/Seagate-goes-perpendicular/ The quote from that article was written by the Web editor of that magazine. —Preceding unsigned comment added by ATD-Storage (talk • contribs) 18:10, 15 January 2008 (UTC)

Needs work on relative vs absolute time
WP:MOSNUM says to avoid words like "current" and "recent", because they become stale with time. It suggests substituting specific years. I fixed one such instance in the first paragraph, but the second paragraph has a number of them that are more difficult to fix without knowledge of the actual timelines. (Also, nobody's come up with a good way to distinguish between the first decade after 2000 and the first century, making a comment along the lines of "in the mid-1990s ..." be problematic; the apparently equivalent "mid-2000s" could refer to 200x or to 20xx.)

Jordan Brown (talk) 19:33, 24 September 2008 (UTC)

Some people suggest nineties and naughties. :-) I would suggest "midway through the first decade of the 21st century". Not quite compact, but usable. Or "around 2005". -- Rewolff (talk) 15:22, 23 January 2009 (UTC)

Last sentence sounds like a commercial
"This represents the biggest jump in hard drive storage capacity in the last 50 years of hard drive technology."

And a most likely untrue one, at that. 1 to 1.5 TB is the exact same 50% as 40 to 60 GB was, no? 70 to 130 *MB*?

I realise 640 GB HD's are now available, but for all intents and purposes the market went straight from 500 to 750 GB, no? --Grndrush (talk) 17:58, 6 October 2008 (UTC)

 * 10 MB to 20 MB* ;)  --Grndrush (talk) 18:01, 6 October 2008 (UTC)

 * 1 MB to 2 MB? :)

The jump was before that. Maxtor (when it still existed) announced a 320Gb drive available commercially for "next December or maybe only in January". It turned out to be a full year later! I'm afraid I don't remember the year. But shortly after that, perpendicular recording came on the scene, and the almost-a-year of little progress was quickly regained..... -- Rewolff (talk) 15:26, 23 January 2009 (UTC)

Vertically modulated phonograph recordings
The search term "Vertical recordings" redirects here. That term is also commonly used by collectors of antique phonograph recordings which were recorded with a "hill-and-dale" modulation, as opposed to the much more common method of recording sound in the sides of the groove. To that end, I suggest splitting the term "Vertical recordings" into a disambiguation page, one choice going to Phonograph, the other to this page. Typofixer76 (talk) 01:24, 3 April 2011 (UTC)

Definition, lead section
At present the lead section launches straight into talking about perpendicular recording and its uses, advantages and history without ever saying what it is. There's no definition later either. Really the lead section needs one right at the beginning. Based on the the descriptions further on, I suggest something along these lines:
 * Perpendicular recording is a technique for storing information in a magnetic medium such as the coating of a hard disk. At the point where it is read, the direction of magnetization is perpendicular, rather than parallel, to the surface of the recording medium.

(I've used information rather than digital data to allow for the possibility that the technique has also been tried for analogue recording, and magnetization rather than magnetic field to make it more concrete for the casual reader.)

Musiconeologist (talk) 18:08, 31 August 2021 (UTC)

CMR is not the same as PMR
"Perpendicular recording (or perpendicular magnetic recording, PMR), also known as conventional magnetic recording (CMR),..." <--- This is wrong, or at least misleading.

PMR describes the way that bits are recorded (vertically), whereas CMR and SMR describe the way that tracks are recorded, either side by side (CMR) or overlapping (SMR). Therefore a drive can be both SMR and PMR. 203.59.50.114 (talk) 22:12, 21 July 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Perpendicular recording


text:
Dan Lewis (footballer)

Daniel Lewis (11 December 1902 – 1965) was a Welsh football goalkeeper, who is most notable for his time playing for Arsenal. He kept goal for Arsenal in the 1927 FA Cup Final where a mistake by him saw Cardiff City win the cup.

Playing career
Born in Maerdy, Glamorgan, Lewis first played for local clubs, before moving to London and joining Clapton Orient. He also worked as a coal miner. His move to the big time came in 1924 when he joined First Division Arsenal. He made his debut for the Gunners on 15 November 1924 against Everton; Arsenal won 3–2 and Lewis remained for the next thirteen games. However, after letting in five in a match at home to Huddersfield Town on 14 February 1925, Lewis was dropped.

After Herbert Chapman arrived as Arsenal manager in 1925, Lewis shared goalkeeping duties with Jock Robson and Bill Harper, but Lewis gradually became the club's No. 1, particularly after Robson and Harper left in 1926 and 1927 respectively. He won his first cap for Wales in a 3–3 draw against England on 12 February 1927. In all he won three caps, the last of which was a 6–0 defeat by England at Stamford Bridge on 20 November 1929.

Lewis was the Arsenal goalkeeper in the 1927 FA Cup Final against Cardiff City at Wembley Stadium; it was the Gunners' first Cup final. In the 74th minute, Cardiff striker Hughie Ferguson hit a tame shot straight at Lewis, who dived down to make what should have been a comfortable save. However, Lewis fumbled the ball as he gathered it, and it slipped between his body and the crook of his elbow; Lewis turned around and tried in vain to reclaim the ball but only succeeded in knocking it with his elbow into the back of the net. Cardiff won the match 1–0, the only time a Welsh club has won the FA Cup. Lewis blamed his brand new jersey for the error, saying the wool was too greasy for him to grip the ball properly; since then, according to club legend, no Arsenal goalkeeper has played in a New Jersey before it is washed first.

Lewis continued to play as Arsenal's regular goalkeeper for the next three seasons. However, when they reached Wembley for their second Cup final in 1930, Lewis was injured in Arsenal's 6-6 semifinal tie with Leicester City. He missed the final and needed major surgery on his knee. He never fully recovered from this which effectively finished his football career. Arsenal, with Charlie Preedy in goal, beat Huddersfield 2–0 to claim their first major trophy.

Lewis hardly featured at all the following season, particularly after the signings of Bill Harper (for a second spell on a goalkeeper record fee of £4000) and Gerard Keizer. He was transferred to Gillingham in May 1931. In all he played 169 matches for Arsenal.

Lewis played only six times for Gillingham and apparently retired from professional football soon after. He died in 1965, at the age of 62.

Honours
Arsenal
 * FA Cup runner-up: 1926–27

title: Dan Lewis (footballer)


text:
Aeschynite-(Y)

Aeschynite-(Y) (or Aeschinite-(Y), Aeschynite-(Yt), Blomstrandine, Priorite) is a rare earth mineral of yttrium, calcium, iron, thorium, titanium, niobium, oxygen, and hydrogen with the chemical formula (Y,Ca,Fe,Th)(Ti,Nb)2(O,OH)6. Its name comes from the Greek word for "shame". Its Mohs scale rating is 5 to 6.

title: Aeschynite-(Y)


text: Talk:Censorship in Singapore

title: Talk:Censorship in Singapore


text:
User talk:Amc382

Welcome
Hello, , and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. If you are stuck, and looking for help, please come to the Wikipedia Boot Camp, where experienced Wikipedians can answer any queries you have! Or, you can just type   on your user page, and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! --Lord Voldemort (Dark Mark) 18:27, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
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title: User talk:Amc382


text:
Talk:Zu Chongzhi

Untitled
I wonder if Zu Chongzhi was really first living person to determing the value becuace Aryabhatta [inventer of zero] is who lived around the same time also was credited with the same feet.

"being rumored to have successfully carried out the division of pi by zero, though most modern mathematicians are skeptical." From where does such a rumour arise? Clark Kent 13:08, 11 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Well given that it's such a stupid rumor without a source, and not an achievement by any means, I'm deleting it. Clark Kent 07:01, 8 April 2006 (UTC)

Contradiction: Who discovered Cavalieri's principle?
The article credits Zu Chongzhi with discovering Cavalieri's principle. Yet the article Liu Hui credits the latter with using Cavalieri's principle to find the volume of a cylinder, about two centuries earlier. Both claims apparently are derived from Needham Vol. 3. Can someone who has access to the book clarify this? --Lambiam 08:48, 28 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Even worse, Zu Gengzhi (Zu Chongzhi's son) also purportedly discovered Cavalieri's principle! Top.Squark (talk) 19:47, 9 July 2010 (UTC)

 * Lui Hui started the research on "mu he fang gai" (ie, Cavalieri principle), but did not followed thru. It was completed by

Zu Gengzhi. Zu Chongzhi did not worked on this topic. See Jan claude Martzloff, A history of chinese mathematics p 290-292 --Gisling (talk) 07:11, 23 July 2010 (UTC).

 * Thx for pointing it out. I updated the articles Liu Hui and Zu Gengzhi accordingly, but it would be nice if you add there the citation. Top.Squark (talk) 12:40, 23 July 2010 (UTC)

Article needs a brush up
The article is somewhat misleading in that it makes claims that Zu Chongzhi was ahead of his time. For example, "This was an impressive feat for the time, especially considering that the device Counting rods he used for recording intermediate results were merely a pile of wooden sticks laid out in certain patterns." If the author is impressed that a mere pile of patterned sticks can be used to calculate important sums, then what if he's told that the same can be done with hardened bird droppings? About the claims on pi: Archimedes (and other Chinese scholars) had a method for calculating pi to any accuracy; they stopped at 22/7 not because they couldn't go on to 355/113 but because there was no point for all that accuracy at their time (and neither was there in Zu Chongzhi's time).

Traditional Chinese for Zu Chongzhi
The traditional Chinese form of Zu Chongzhi is usually 祖沖之; 祖冲之 is the simplified form.

References:
 * 祖沖之, Chinese Wikipedia (turn on Traditional Chinese, HK or Taiwan)
 * 祖沖之, from the Revised Mandarin Chinese Dictionary released by Taiwan's Ministry of Education
 * Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants: 冲 is a variant of the standard 沖
 * 沖: 冲 is a variant of the standard 沖; 祖沖之

Justinrleung (talk) 06:07, 23 September 2014 (UTC)

 * His name is rendered as 祖冲之 in the Zhonghua edition of 南齊書, where he has a biography at 52:903. I was granting this book priority since it has the least historical distance from its subject, but already in the Zhonghua edition of 南史 his name is written as 祖沖之 in his biography at 72:1773. One can imagine that this particular pair of graphs was used relatively interchangeably at times, and whether one or the other was preferred during Zu Chongzhi's lifetime is a moot question which probably does not bear investigation.

 * That said, most dictionaries are dangerous sources to use in discussion of historical graphical variants, and Wikipedia's own automatic character conversion has the same issues any system does when converting simplified characters that have more than one associated traditional graph. Snuge purveyor (talk) 16:51, 23 September 2014 (UTC)

 * Since we don't know which grapheme was used during Zu's lifetime (they were probably used interchangeably), and by current standards, 沖 is the form used in Hong Kong and Taiwan (where traditional Chinese is currently used), I think it'd be better to have 沖 as the traditional Chinese form. Also, traditional Chinese does not necessary mean the original form used by Zu; it usually just means the form used in Taiwan, Hong Kong or the Kangxi Dictionary. However, I do agree that modern dictionaries have no say when discussing historical variants; I used the dictionaries above because they are the standards for grapheme usage in Taiwan and Hong Kong. Justinrleung (talk) 00:47, 12 November 2014 (UTC)

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Pi
There are some unimportant inconsistencies related to the period for which Zu's calculation of pi would be the most accurate: "a record in accuracy which would not be surpassed for over 800 years", "the most accurate approximation for π for over nine hundred years", "for a thousand years thereafter no subsequent mathematician computed a value this precise". Masonmilan (talk) 10:23, 9 March 2023 (UTC)

 * Looks like this hasn't been noticed in a year. I'm going to make a change based on this source (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology_of_computation_of_%CF%80), which puts it at 920 years.

 * I don't know the subject well enough, but I think the merit behind saying his record stood for over a thousand years is that the work of Madhava of Sangamagrama and others was relatively obscure and not widely recognized. A historian of the period would know better when the next widely publicized and acknowledged mathematician superseded this work. For example, perhaps Ludolph van Ceulen's method (about 1,100 years later)? Musides (talk) 21:24, 8 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Zu Chongzhi


text:
Prins Willem

The Prins Willem, also spelled Prins Willim, was a 17th-century East Indiaman of the Dutch East India Company. She was their largest ship at the time. The ship made her first voyage to the Dutch East Indies in 1651. After several voyages, she sank near Madagascar in 1662. A replica of the Prins Willem was built in 1985, but she was destroyed by fire in 2009.

History
The ship Prins Willim was built in 1650 in Middelburg in the Dutch Republic. Curiously, the name on the ship was Prins Willim. Two possible reasons have been advanced: the ship's name is Middle Dutch or the lack of space for the name caused the "e" to be changed to a shorter "i".

The ship was the flagship of Witte de With in the Battle of the Kentish Knock during the First Anglo-Dutch War.

The ship sank near Madagascar in 1662.

Replicas
In the same period as the building of the original ship also a replica in 1:50 scale was built. This model still survives and is on permanent exhibition in the Dutch national museum Rijksmuseum Amsterdam. In 1978 this model was fully restorated and a replica of the same scale was constructed.

A full size replica with the same name was built in 1984–85 at the Dutch shipyard Amels in Makkum for the Nagasaki Holland Village (長崎オランダ村) theme park in Seihi, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. The building cost was 1.4 billion yen.

In 2003, Huis Ten Bosch K. K., the operating company of Nagasaki Holland Village declared bankruptcy and the replica was sold to a Dutch company for 130 million yen.

In 2004, the replica became part of the theme park Cape Holland in Den Helder, the Netherlands.

In 2009, the bowsprit of the Prins Willim replica was being restored.

On the morning of 30 July 2009, the replica was lost to fire, probably due to an electric malfunction. The owner of the ship, the Libéma company, decided on a restoration. In 2014 the ship was dismantled, as the restoration turned out to be too expensive.

title: Prins Willem


text:
Talk:Michael Feldman (radio personality)

Untitled

 * Another(?) Mike / Michael Feldman is mentioned in this article and SourceWatch.org as a former Al Gore adviser. -AlexLibman 13:09, 27 November 2006 (UTC)

IHOR
One editor seems to take issue with any description that states that "Independent House of Radio" is intended to be humorous. In IMHO, this is bizarre. True, humor is in the eye and ear of the beholder; and true, I can't find any verifiable source that confirms that IHOR is a play on "International House of Pancakes." But are not some things obvious on their face? Whad'Ya Know is, after all, a "humor" show. IHOR is clearly a humorous reference to IHOP. Does anyone have any other explanation for his invention of the term, "Independent House of Radio?" If not, I suggest reverting.--RattBoy 10:54, 17 June 2006 (UTC)

Is this the same cat who wrote those books "Why do Clocks Run Clockwise, and Other Inponderables?", and a few others?Isaac Crumm 20:18, 25 April 2007 (UTC)
 * No, that's David Feldman. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 12.76.156.255 (talk) 16:03, 27 July 2008 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Whad'Ya Know?

Suggest reorganizing article
I'm not taking time now, but I think the article should be reorganized so that the Whad'Ya Know? Quiz is not represented as the main part of the show. I'm not suggesting abridging that section, but other features need more than passing mention, and the description of the quiz should not be placed first, since it is only a few minutes at the end of each hour. Abstrator 07:14, 8 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Actually, though the quiz is somewhat tongue-in-cheek, Michael does indicate in talking about the show (Jim as well), that the quiz is the whole point of the show. Many audience members, both radio and live, spend years trying to play the quiz, and often point this out.
 * Your suggestion is over 2 years old, so I'll check the revision history to see if you acted on it. If so, you've done an excellent job.  I think the current scheme is good, reflecting the order of the show itself.
 * Ragityman (talk) 20:08, 12 March 2011 (UTC)

Jim Packard
With Jim Packard's passing, someone should rewrite those sections that describe his actions in the present tense. I'll leave the task to someone who has dealt with the article before. Sca (talk) 13:42, 24 June 2012 (UTC)

 * I guess no one in the United States cares enough about this entry to update it. Sca (talk) 00:23, 8 July 2012 (UTC)

Whad'Ya Know Radio Hour
When did Whad'Ya Know become an hour long and not two hours?

US 71 (talk) 20:36, 1 February 2013 (UTC)

It is both--'The Whad'ya Know Radio Hour" started a few years ago and is an edited version of the prior week's episode, fed at the same time on Saturday that the program is aired live (10 a.m. CT). Although stations don't have to carry the live feed on Saturday or carry both hours, it was done at the request of stations that wanted an hour format.  I know that some years ago after "Wait, Wait..." started taking away station clearances, PRI wanted Feldman to cut the show to an hour and record and edit it, to which he refused, since he believes that the fact that it's live radio is an important part of the program.  It looks like he has agreed, but the stations that carry both hours and preferably carry it live are getting a fresher show than the stations that carry the edited one-hour version.  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 184.78.48.151 (talk) 18:24, 13 March 2015 (UTC)

Continuing as a podcast?
Currently, the last sentence of the lead seems to imply that the show will continue in a podcast format. But I do not see any mention of this in the source cited. Anyone have info about this, or perhaps it's just wishful thinking? Ditch ∝ 19:18, 26 June 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Whad'Ya Know?


text:
User:David Haslam

David Haslam is a Chartered Electrical Engineer who worked until 2009 as a Test Engineer in the semiconductor industry. He was born in England in 1948. He attended Manchester Grammar School and Trinity College, Cambridge. His interests include Engineering and Theology, as well as Mathematics and Church history. You can Google him to find out more.

Summary of my Wikipedia contributions

title: User:David Haslam


text:
Henry Padovani

Henry (or Henri) Padovani (born 13 October 1952) is a French musician noted for being the original guitarist of English rock band The Police. He was a member of the band from January 1977 to August 1977 and was replaced by Andy Summers, who had originally been part of the band as a second guitarist. Following his departure from the band, Padovani was handed the rhythm guitar spot with Wayne County & the Electric Chairs, before forming his own band, The Flying Padovanis.

Early life and punk years
Henri Padovani grew up between Algeria and Corsica from Santo-Pietro-di-Venaco. While studying Economics at Aix-en-Provence, he began listening to Jimi Hendrix and was inspired to form his own band, Lupus, made up of various school friends. He moved to London in December 1976, where a friend took him to one of Curved Air's last gigs. Though unimpressed by the performance, afterward he ended up talking with the band's American expatriate drummer Stewart Copeland, who showed him some songs he had been writing and introduced him to the rising punk scene. After a show at the Roxy Club, Padovani decided he wanted to join a punk band and shaved off his waist-length hair and beard. He then auditioned for the band London and was offered the job.

However, when he told Copeland of his plans, Copeland petitioned him to join his own new band, the Police. Copeland was already under the impression that he had convinced singer and bassist Sting to join, but despite heavy use of word-of-mouth and advertisements in musical publications, Padovani was the only guitarist he could find who was interested in punk and had actual playing ability. Copeland later recalled of Henry Padovani:

"He couldn't speak much English but he'd picked up some musicians' slang and he used to say 'Where can I put my homp (amplifier)? or 'where do I put my rope (lead)?'. He knew a few chords and he was really enthusiastic and when he'd had his hair cut and stuff he really looked the part. I mean, he could play guitar better than I could and I could play guitar better than Joe Strummer... well, in those days. So I reckoned he'd be OK but I didn't figure Sting would see it that way..."

With Sting on lead vocals and bass guitar, Padovani on lead guitar and Copeland doubling on rhythm guitar as well as drums, the Police recorded in February 1977 their first single "Fall Out" b/w "Nothing Achieving" which the band released on 1 May 1977. However, Sting was dissatisfied with Padovani's technical abilities, paving the way for Andy Summers, whom they met after a brief tour as part of Mike Howlett's band Strontium 90. For a brief period in July and August 1977, the Police performed as a four-piece with Padovani and Summers sharing guitar duties. Having insisted from the start that he wanted to be the sole guitarist for the band, Summers was unhappy with the situation. Padovani himself felt that the disparity in technical ability between the two of them made this an awkward lineup. The night after an aborted studio session with former Velvet Underground multi-instrumentalist John Cale in the producer's chair, Copeland called Padovani and asked him to leave the band.

Being cast out of the Police did not slow Padovani's musical career. After taking a two-month vacation in Corsica, he returned to London and was immediately handed the rhythm guitar spot with Wayne County & the Electric Chairs, who at the time were far better known than the Police. The Police were actually their support act in 1977. The band's first album with Padovani, Storm the Gates of Heaven, was also his debut as a songwriter. Besides a pair of group compositions, he wrote the music for the song "Cry of Angels". After one more album, Things Your Mother Never Told You, Wayne County & the Electric Chairs split in two. Padovani remained with bassist Val Haller and drummer J.J. Johnson, and the trio recorded a final single, "So Many Ways", as simply The Electric Chairs, before management problems forced them to disband completely. During this period, Padovani and Haller took turns on lead vocals.

New directions
The collaboration among Padovani, Haller, and Johnson did not end with the breakup of the Electric Chairs. In 1980, they put together a band called The Mystere Five's, which consisted of the three of them as well as Chris Reeves, who played guitar. Marc "Frenchie" Gloder, who had no performance role in the band but wrote all the lyrics, designed the sleeves to their records, and owned the record label. All the members except Gloder did lead vocals. The group used a deliberately anonymous image, never crediting individual members. Except for a cover of "Shake Some Action" by Flamin' Groovies, all their songs were credited as being written and produced by the group as a whole.

The Mystere Five's recorded two indie singles that were released in 1980, "Shake Some Action" b/w "No Message" and "Never Say Thank You" b/w "Heart Rules the Head". Both were successful, receiving good reviews (New Musical Express called the first single "A perfect record" and later reviewed the second single as being "actually better"), high placings in the indie charts, and a good deal of radio play.

However, by the time the singles were released, the band members had moved to other projects, with Padovani having formed The Flying Padovanis. This new band released the double A-sided single "Western Pasta" b/w "Vas plus haut" (1981). The Flying Padovanis recorded an EP, Font L'Enfer, and an album, "They Call Them Crazy, before disbanding at the end of 1987. In 1988, Henri took part in the recording of Johnny Thunders and Patti Palladin's Copy Cats album which also featured Jayne County on backing vocals. In 1988, Miles Copeland III, The Police's manager, and elder brother of Stewart Copeland, appointed Padovani as Vice President of IRS Records, a role he performed until 1994 while also managing the Italian musician Zucchero.

After a five-year sabbatical, Padovani returned to guitar playing. In 1998 he contributed to a Johnny Thunders tribute album by performing "Cosa Nostra". He recorded a solo album, À croire que c'était pour la vie, in 2007 with record producer Yves Aouizerate. The album was sung in French, and both Stewart Copeland and Sting played on the track "Welcome Home", representing the first time that the original members of The Police had recorded together since "Fall Out". Manu Katché, Steve Hunter, Glen Matlock and Chris Musto (of the Flying Padovanis) also appeared on the album.

Padovani also wrote the score for the films La Vie comme elle va (2005) and Ici Najac, à vous la Terre (2006 Cannes Film Festival official selection). In 2006 he published his autobiography Secret Police Man, recounting episodes of his lifestyle in the late 1970s and the early days of The Police.

Padovani was a judge for the spring 2011 season of X Factor in France, on the television channel M6.

In 2017 he produced and starred in the rockumentary Rock'n'roll... Of Corse!. It features contributions by Sting, Stewart Copeland, Andy Summers, Topper Headon, Mick Jones, Glen Matlock and Kim Wilde among others. The film was directed by Lionel Guedj and Stephane Bebert.

Band reunions
The Flying Padovanis reformed in 2007 for an album made of old and new material, Three for Trouble released in May that year, followed by a tour which included an appearance at the Fuji rock festival in Japan. The band now plays regular dates in London and France.

During the 2007 The Police Reunion Tour, Padovani joined the band on stage for the final encore of their show in Paris on 29 September. The Police as a four-piece played "Next to You" from the band's first album Outlandos d'Amour.

In 2017 Padovani performed a solo gig on acoustic guitar and vocals for the Festa in Lisula in Corse. A recording of the event was later issued under the title Live in Fericy.

As a solo artist

 * À croire que c'était pour la vie – (2007)
 * I Love Today – (2016)
 * Live in Fericy – (2019)
 * Corsican Gumbo – (2022)

With The Flying Padovanis

 * Font L'Enfer – (1982)
 * They Call Them Crazy – (1987)
 * Three for Trouble – (2007)
 * Live at the 100 Club – (2008)

With Wayne County & The Electric Chairs

 * Storm the Gates of Heaven – (1978)
 * Things Your Mother Never Told You – (1979)

With The Police

 * Message in a Box: The Complete Recordings (2003)
 * The Police (2007) (#3 UK Albums; #11 US Billboard 200)

As a solo artist

 * "La Vie Comme Elle Va"/"A Vous La Terre" (2004)
 * "Welcome Home" (Radio version)/"Welcome Home" (Album version) (2006)

With The Flying Padovanis

 * "Western Pasta"/"Vas Plus Haut" – (1981)

With The Police

 * "Fall Out"/"Nothing Achieving" – (1977) (#47 UK Singles)

With Wayne County & The Electric Chairs

 * "Trying To Get On The Radio"/"Evil Minded Momma" (1978)
 * "So Many Ways"/"J'Attend Les Marines" – (1979)

With the Mystere Five's

 * "Never Say Thank You"/Heart Rules the Head" (1980)
 * "No Message"/"Shake Some Action" (1980)

Compilation albums

 * I Only Play R&R for Kids to Dance: Tribute to Johnny Thunder – (1998)

Videography

 * Reggatta de Blanc (2007)
 * Rock'n Roll... Of Corse! (2017)

title: Henry Padovani


text:
Eric Gorfain

Eric Gorfain is an American violinist and founder of The Section Quartet, a string quartet that plays cover versions of rock songs. He is married to singer-songwriter Sam Phillips, with whom he has toured and recorded.

Gorfain studied music at UCLA and won a scholarship to spend a semester at the Sakuyo Junior College of Music in Japan. He worked as a studio violinist and became fluent in Japanese. Beginning in 1991, he toured and recorded with musicians in Japan, then returned to Los Angeles three years later. In 1995, he was hired to work on the reunion tour of Robert Plant and Jimmy Page of Led Zeppelin. He followed the tour to Japan where his knowledge of Japanese allowed him to act as translator.

The Section Quartet
Soon after the Robert Plant and Jimmy Page tour, he formed the Section Quartet, which calls itself "a rock band with strings". Gorfain said the quartet was inspired by his time with Plant and Page and by an ambition to play lead guitar in a rock band. He wrote an arrangement for the song "Dazed and Confused" by Led Zeppelin and recorded it on the album No Electricity Required (2004). The album includes cover versions of songs by the rock bands Coldplay, Kiss, Iron Maiden, and Queens of the Stone Age.

The quartet's members are violinists Eric Gorfain and Daphne Chen, cellist Richard Dodd, and violist Leah Katz. They are classical musicians who also work on soundtracks and pop music albums, such as Stripped (RCA, 2002) by Christina Aguilera. The quartet's performance on the song "Beautiful" from Aguilera's album caught the attention of the songwriter, Linda Perry, and she produced their album Fuzzbox (2007) for Decca Records.

Gorfain has written string arrangements for Sam Phillips, Ryan Adams, A Perfect Circle, Band of Horses, Neil Diamond, Sean Lennon, and Cassandra Wilson, and has worked as an arranger and orchestrator with producers Jon Brion, Glyn Johns, and Jacknife Lee.

Discography
With The Section Quartet
 * 2004 No Electricity Required
 * 2006 Lizard Like Us
 * 2007 Fuzzboxx

With Ryan Adams
 * 2007 Easy Tiger
 * 2011 Ashes & Fire
 * 2015 1989

With Christina Aguilera
 * 2002 Stripped
 * 2006 Back to Basics

With Neil Diamond
 * 2014 Melody Road
 * 2016 Acoustic Christmas

With Grant-Lee Phillips
 * 2004 Virginia Creeper
 * 2006 Nineteeneighties
 * 2007 Strangelet
 * 2009 Little Moon
 * 2016 The Narrows

With Sam Phillips
 * 1994 Martinis & Bikinis
 * 2004 A Boot and a Shoe
 * 2008 Don't Do Anything
 * 2011 Solid State
 * 2013 Push Any Button

With Spock's Beard
 * 2005 Octane
 * 2006 Spock's Beard
 * 2010 X
 * 2018 Noise Floor

With Al Stewart
 * 2005 A Beach Full of Shells
 * 2008 Sparks of Ancient Light

With others
 * 2004 Seventy Two & Sunny, Uncle Kracker
 * 2005 Back to Bedlam, James Blunt
 * 2005 The Day After Yesterday, Rick Springfield
 * 2006 Friendly Fire, Sean Lennon
 * 2007 Civilians, Joe Henry
 * 2007 Indiana, Jon McLaughlin
 * 2009 Here We Go Again, Demi Lovato
 * 2009 Fashionably Late, Honor Society
 * 2010 Something for the Rest of Us, Goo Goo Dolls
 * 2010 Belle and Sebastian Write About Love, Belle and Sebastian
 * 2011 Sophisticated Ladies, Charlie Haden
 * 2012 After Hours, Glenn Frey
 * 2012 Red, Taylor Swift
 * 2014 You Should Be So Lucky, Benmont Tench
 * 2016 Lemonade, Beyoncé
 * 2016 This Girl's in Love, Rumer
 * 2016 Post Pop Depression, Iggy Pop
 * 2016 The Altar, Banks
 * 2017 Salutations, Conor Oberst
 * 2017 The Far Field, Future Islands
 * 2023 Mercy, John Cale

title: Eric Gorfain