text:
User talk:Cyborg Apollo

Your changes to Congress of the United States
Please do not replace Wikipedia pages with blank content. Blank pages are harmful to Wikipedia because they have a tendency to confuse readers. If it is a duplicate article, please redirect it to an appropriate existing page. If the page has been vandalised, please revert it to the last legitimate version. If you feel that the content of a page is inappropriate, please edit the page and replace it with appropriate content. If you believe there is no hope for the page, please see the deletion policy for how to proceed. Thanks for contributing to Wikipedia! FreplySpang (talk) 21:23, August 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * You can upload multimedia at Special:Upload. See Uploading images for more info. FreplySpang (talk) 22:54, August 22, 2005 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Cyborg Apollo


text:
James Su Zhi-min

James Su Zhi-min is the Roman Catholic bishop of the Diocese of Baoding, north China.

Early life
James was born on 10 July 1932.

Priesthood
He was ordained a priest on 12 April 1981.

Episcopate
James was selected as Auxiliary Bishop of Baoding in 1988. He was selected as Coadjutor Bishop of Baoding and consecrated as bishop on 2 May 1993 by Bishop Peter Liu Guandong. On 21 December 1995, he was appointed Bishop of the Roman Catholic diocese of Baoding.

Arrest and disappearance
Chinese officials arrested him and have not disclosed his whereabouts to the media. Su was imprisoned in 1997, and his location had remained unknown until November 15, 2003, when he was seen in a Baoding hospital. He has since disappeared from public view once more.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: James Su Zhi-min


text:
Craig Cywarch

Craig Cywarch is an extensive crag looming above Cwm Cywarch. The nearest village is Dinas Mawddwy on the A470.

Climbing routes on the various buttresses range from E2 to V Diff. Access paths can be rather overgrown and even finding the bottom of the routes can be rather difficult.

title: Craig Cywarch


text: User talk:84.9.88.96

title: User talk:84.9.88.96


text:
Baron Hylton

Baron Hylton is a title that has been created twice, once in the Peerage of England and once in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. The first creation came in the Peerage of England 1295 when Robert Hylton was summoned to the Model Parliament as Lord Hylton by writ. His son, Alexander, was called to Parliament in 1332 and 1335, but no further summons were sent for his descendants. Therefore, the title has only been held de jure after the death of the second baron. Indeed, the last baron was Member of Parliament for Carlisle after "inheriting" the title, due to this anomaly. Despite this, the creation is deemed to have fallen into abeyance on the death of the eighteenth baron without male heirs in 1746.

The second creation came in the Peerage of the United Kingdom in 1866 when the soldier and Conservative politician, Sir William Jolliffe, 1st Baronet, was made Baron Hylton of Hylton, Sunderland in the County Palatine of Durham and of Petersfield in the County of Southampton. He had already been created a Baronet, of Merstham in the County of Surrey, in 1821. He was the grandson of William Jolliffe (for many years Member of Parliament for Petersfield), and a co-heir of the original barony of Hylton through his grandmother Eleanor (the wife of William Jolliffe), daughter of Anne Hylton, sister of the eighteenth Baron of the 1295 creation.

Lord Hylton was succeeded by his second son, the second Baron. He notably represented Wells in the House of Commons as a Conservative. His son, the third Baron, also represented Wells in Parliament as a Conservative and after entering the House of Lords notably served as Captain of the Yeomen of the Guard from 1918 to 1924. His son, the fourth Baron, was Lord Lieutenant of Somerset from 1949 to 1964. the titles are held by the latter's eldest son, the fifth Baron. He is one of the ninety elected hereditary peers who remained in the House of Lords after the House of Lords Act of 1999. Lord Hylton sat as a cross-bencher until retiring in July 2023.

The principal seat of the Hylton family was Hylton Castle, Sunderland, with a subsidiary property at Ammerdown House, near Kilmersdon, Somerset.

Barons Hylton (1295)

 * Robert Hylton, 1st Baron Hylton (d. 1322)
 * Alexander Hylton, 2nd Baron Hylton (d. 1360)
 * Robert Hylton, de jure 3rd Baron Hylton (1340–1377)
 * Sir William Hylton, de jure 4th Baron Hylton (1356–1435)
 * Sir Robert Hylton, de jure 5th Baron Hylton (1385–1447)
 * William Hylton, de jure 6th Baron Hylton (d. 1457)
 * Sir William Hylton, de jure 7th Baron Hylton (1451–1500)
 * Sir William Hylton, de jure 8th Baron Hylton (d. 1535)
 * Sir Thomas Hylton, de jure 9th Baron Hylton (d. 1560)
 * Sir William Hylton, de jure 10th Baron Hylton (c. 1510–1565)
 * Sir William Hylton, de jure 11th Baron Hylton (d. 1600)
 * Henry Hylton, de jure 12th Baron Hylton (1586–1641)
 * Robert Hylton, de jure 13th Baron Hylton (d. 1641), brother of Henry
 * John Hylton, de jure 14th Baron Hylton (d. 1655)
 * John Hylton, de jure 15th Baron Hylton (1628–1670)
 * Henry Hylton, de jure 16th Baron Hylton (1637–1712)
 * Richard Hylton, de jure 17th Baron Hylton (d. 1722)
 * John Hylton, de jure 18th Baron Hylton (1699–1746) (abeyant)

Barons Hylton (1866)

 * William George Hylton Jolliffe, 1st Baron Hylton (1800–1876)
 * Hedworth Hylton Jolliffe, 2nd Baron Hylton (1829–1899)
 * Hylton George Hylton Jolliffe, 3rd Baron Hylton (1862–1945)
 * William George Hervey Jolliffe, 4th Baron Hylton (1898–1967)
 * Raymond Hervey Jolliffe, 5th Baron Hylton (b. 1932)

The heir apparent is the present holder's son Hon. William Henry Martin Jolliffe (b. 1967) The heir apparent's heir apparent is his son Joseph William Charles Jolliffe (b. 2016)

title: Baron Hylton


text:
Talk:Edinburgh, Indiana

Pronunciation
I've heard some people call this town Ed-in-berg, instead of pronouncing it /ˈɛdɪnbrə/. But I've never been there so I don't know if that's universal or if I'm just hearing ignorant people. If that (mis)pronunciation is universal it would be worth noting. Nick 13:50, 5 July 2007 (UTC)

I'm from Ed-in-burg, and this is the way that everyone in town pronounces it. Jennifer, Nov 16, 2007.

I'm originally from nearby Columbus, and back in 1965, teenagers pronounced it Ed-in-burg. (Blame it on the often non-phonetic spelling of the English language -- and local phonetic pronunciation.) ~ Peter Nau  Preceding unsigned comment added by EdwardEditor (talk • contribs) 00:37, 22 May 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Edinburgh, Indiana


text: Talk:Elizabethtown, Bartholomew County, Indiana


text:
Talk:Hope, Indiana

External links modified
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text: Talk:Hartsville, Indiana

title: Talk:Hartsville, Indiana


text:
Wikipedia:Reference desk/Language/FAQs

 *  See also: Reference desk/FAQ

Which or that?
Both which and that are used in the same way to introduce subordinate clauses, but they are not interchangeable; the choice depends on whether the clause is restrictive (also called defining) or non-restrictive, which is also indicated by punctuation. Here are some examples:

 * A1. My car, which is blue, needs painting.
 * A2. My car, that is blue, needs painting.
 * A3. My car which is blue needs painting.
 * A4. My car that is blue needs painting.

Sentence A1 would be used if I own only one car and it needs painting. The fact that it is blue is incidental. I am only adding that in as additional information: I could leave it out and the sentence would still make sense. This is a non-restrictive clause; it must be set off by commas, and it must use the word which (or who, for a person).

Sentence A2 would have been correct English about 200 years ago, but today it is  simply wrong. That, used in this way, can only introduce a restrictive clause, and a restrictive clause must not be set off by commas. Note that this is different from German, for example, where commas are required around restrictive as well as non-restrictive clauses. It is a common error made by Germans writing in English to use A2 when they mean A4.

On the other hand, I would use sentence A3 or A4 if I own more than one car and am talking about a particular one of them, namely the blue one. Now the clause "that is blue" or "which is blue" is essential to the sentence: without it, the reader would not know which of my cars I meant. This is a restrictive clause and must not be set off by commas.

Some style books recommend that just as non-restrictive clauses always use which, so restrictive clauses should always use that, and some people actually consider it an error to do otherwise. Thus the usage in A3 is disputed; some people consider it wrong or at least inferior, but many others accept it. A writer who wants to avoid disputed usage will conform to the guideline in any case, and use A4 in preference to A3. That is:

 * When the clause is not essential to the sentence (is non-restrictive), use which, and set off the clause with commas. [A1]
 * When it is essential (restrictive), use that, and do not use commas (unless they are needed for some other reason). [A4]

Here is another example:
 * B1. The studies, which were written by students, were well researched.

The clause is non-restrictive. All of the studies were well researched, and incidentally, all of them were written by students.
 * B2. The studies, that were written by students, were well researched.

This version is wrong.
 * B3. The studies which were written by students were well researched.

The clause is restrictive: only some of the studies were written by students, and those are the well-researched ones. The usage of which is disputed.
 * B4. The studies that were written by students were well researched.

Same meaning, but acceptable to everyone.

Its or it's?
It's a simple rule to distinguish its and it's:
 * Its (without an apostrophe) is always the genitive, the possessive case which is analogous to "his", "your", or "Michael's."
 * It's (with an apostrophe) is the contraction of it is or it has, which is why this question is complicated for many people.

Many people find this distinction difficult because they are used to thinking that if it belongs to someone, then it must take "apostrophe-s". This is incorrect. When it is a genitive pronoun (which relates to a specific person or thing), there is never an "apostrophe-s". There is no apostrophe in my or your or theirs, and there should not be one with its.

The simple rule for determining whether its/it's should be used is:
 * use it's only if the sentence would make sense if it is or it has were substituted.

For example: It's cloudy outside. It's been a while since we met. The dog wagged its tail.
 * "It is cloudy outside" makes sense, so it's is correct.
 * "It has been a while since we met" makes sense, so it's is also correct here.
 * "The dog wagged it is tail" is grammatically incorrect, and does not make sense, so its should be used.

The Manual of Style (Section 5.4) says, "In general, formal writing is preferred. Therefore, avoid excessive use of contractions — such as "don't, can't, won't, would've, they'd", and so on — unless they occur in a quotation." Contractions such as it's should therefore usually be expanded when used on Wikipedia.

Ones or one's?
Contrary to the above rule for its, the genitive of the pronoun one always uses an apostrophe.

 * For example: One should always wash one's feet in the morning.

The only situation in which ones can be used is as the plural of the number 1.

 * For example: The number 6411 contains two ones.

 * Of these paintings, which ones are by Picasso?

There, their or they're?
These are, due to being same-sounding, often confused; they are to be used as follows:
 * There refers to a specific location or introduces a clause or sentence
 * My blue car is over there.
 * There is no faster car than that one.

 * Their is a possessive pronoun, meaning "belonging to them"
 * Their car broke down, so they had to call a technician.

 * They're is simply a contraction of "they are"
 * They're waiting for you.

A combination of the three can be compiled:
 * Their house is over there; they're not home right now, though.

A mnemonic phrase for the three homophones is “they're there in their room”.

Another mnemonic phrase, which is useful for remembering both the meaning and spelling of the possessive pronoun, is " th eir e lephant i s r ed."

Your or you're?
As above, these are same-sounding but not interchangeable:
 * Your is a possessive pronoun, meaning "belonging to you"
 * Your house is nicely decorated.

 * You're is simply a contraction of "you are"
 * You're a commendable designer.

Once again, a combination of these could be made:
 * Your plane is delayed yet you're very calm.

Could or couldn't care less?
This is an issue to which logic is the answer: Evidently, if you mean to say "I don't care at all", the latter term, I couldn't care less, is the one to use. The matter changes slightly in American English, where both colloquialisms are used interchangeably to mean "I don't care at all", with "I could care less" meaning "I could hardly care less"..
 * I could care less means "I do care somewhat", since one can only care less if already caring
 * I couldn't care less means "I don't care at all", since one cannot care less if not caring

Than or then?

 * Than is to be used when making comparisons
 * You know better than to do that.

 * Then specifies a point in time or introduces the next in time, space or order
 * Dwight Eisenhower, then the president of the United States, signed defence treaties with South Korea and the Republic of China.
 * I wasn't even born then.
 * He did his speech, then the curtains closed.

Practice vs. practise
Practice is a noun. Practise is a verb. (except in the United States)

Using practice as a verb is a common mistake: it is always a noun, except in the United States. Practicing and practiced are therefore spelling errors in non-US English. The correct spellings are practising and practised.

 * Bill needed more practice in swinging his golf club, so he went to the golf course to practise.

The following pairs of words work in the same way, i.e. the noun is spelled with a "c", and the verb is spelled with a "s":
 * licence/license (except in the United States, where license is used for both the noun and verb)
 * advice/advise
 * device/devise

Useful resources

 * Get It Write
 * Dictionary of Same-Sounding Words

title: Wikipedia:Reference desk/Language/FAQs


text:
Agustín Calleri

Agustín Calleri (, ; born 14 September 1976) is a retired professional male tennis player from Argentina. His nickname is Gordo which means Fat in Spanish. He is known as a hard-hitter and he prefers playing on clay.

Calleri served as a member of the Argentine Chamber of Deputies from 2016 to 2017, as part of the United for a New Alternative alliance.

Career
Born in Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina, he picked up first ATP win in 1999 over Jan Vacek at Roland Garros. Also advanced to first quarter-final at Umag. In 2000 he made the third round in Roland Garros, before losing to Andrei Medvedev. He beat Marat Safin in Kitzbühel and pushed Pete Sampras to two tie-breakers in US Open's third round. Then in 2001 he won three challenger events beating Juan Ignacio Chela and David Nalbandian.

He finished in Top 50 for his first time in 2002, and had match points to Nicolás Massú in Buenos Aires final. Later in October he beat Marat Safin and Thomas Johansson to make an impressive quarterfinal in Madrid.

In 2003 he won his first ATP title of his career in Acapulco where he defeated Gastón Gaudio, Marcelo Ríos, Félix Mantilla and then Mariano Zabaleta in the final and reached his career-high ranking of World No. 16. In Estoril he reached the final but lost to Nikolay Davydenko. In Hamburg he made his greatest result reaching the final before losing to Guillermo Coria in straight sets. He also posted a stunning win against former No. 1 Juan Carlos Ferrero in Davis Cup.

In 2004 he beat Andre Agassi in Miami before losing to Vince Spadea and reached the decisive match at Costa Do Sauipe. In 2005 he lost the final in Amersfoort to Chilean Fernando González.

Calleri won his second career title in the 2006 Generali Open at Kitzbühel which came 3 years after his first title in Acapulco for the loss of only one set along the way he defeated Nicolás Massú, Gastón Gaudio, Fernando Verdasco before defeating fellow countryman Juan Ignacio Chela 7–6 (9) 6–2 6–3. Calleri made his first final on hardcourt in New Haven losing to Russian Nikolay Davydenko 6–4 6–3 and after this result will move inside the top 30 in the ATP rankings. At the 2007 US Open, Calleri made it to the third round after defeating Lleyton Hewitt 4–6 6–4 6–4 6–2.

Calleri announced his retirement in February 2010 at the age of 33.

title: Agustín Calleri


text:
Talk:Jonesville, Indiana

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IGOR Pro

IGOR Pro is a scientific data analysis software, numerical computing environment and programming language that runs on Windows or Mac operating systems. It is developed by WaveMetrics Inc., and was originally aimed at time series analysis, but has since then evolved and covers other applications such as curve fitting and image processing. It comes with a fully functional programming language and compiler, but many functions are also accessible through menus. IGOR Pro is primarily known for its graphics capabilities, and like Origin and other similar programs, is often used to generate plots for scientific and other publications. Other features include the possibility of extending the built-in functions with external operations (XOP) allowing data acquisition, manipulation and analysis features, communication with external devices and in principle any other task that can be programmed in C or C++.

It was first released as "Igor" in 1989, and became "Igor Pro" circa 1994.

Features
Igor Pro has several features that distinguish it from other graphing programs. The most significant ones are:

 * It is completely programmable with a compiled, C-like programming language.
 * Igor features a hybrid interface that allows to control the program either with a command line or with clicking menu entries with the mouse.
 * It allows to store data in up to four-dimensional, sophisticated arrays (called "waves").

The concept of Igor's "waves"
Waves are up to four-dimensional arrays that can carry not only numbers, but also characters (text), or date-and-time entries. Waves can carry meta-information, for example, the physical units of each dimension. Igor offers a wide choice of methods to work with these waves. It is possible to do image-processing with images that have been saved as two- or three-dimensional waves. In addition, two-dimensional waves can be used for matrix calculations.

Capabilities of Igor's programming language
Without the optional add-on packages (XOP, NIDAQ Tools), Igor's programming language supports, amongst others, the following concepts

 * Generating compiled code (although no independent .exe file is created)
 * Handling of variables, strings, and waves
 * Formatted output
 * Regular expressions
 * Making graphical user interfaces
 * FTP and HTTP communication
 * Reading/writing operations on the hard drive

Community
A community of users and enthusiasts provide user-to-user support through a mailing list, IgorExchange (a collaborative web site sponsored by WaveMetrics), and GitHub repositories.

Several large scientific user facilities, such as Argonne National Laboratory, have developed and published data analysis libraries for Igor Pro. The control and data-acquisition programs for photoelectron spectrometers of ScientaOmicron and SPECS Surface Nano Analysis GmbH save spectra in Igor Pro file formats.

The "INO MAKRO" was developed in Japan for the analysis of X-ray absorption and photoemission spectra.

Igor Pro has been used as a platform for the modelling of impedance data. The first reported application was mechanical impedance data, specifically pneumatic performance of the lung. A more recent application is for electrochemical impedance spectroscopy data, developed at NIMS in Japan.

title: IGOR Pro


text:
Lisa Miskovsky

Lisa Miskovsky (born 9 March 1975) is a Swedish musician and singer-songwriter.

Career
Miskovsky placed herself on the Swedish rock music charts with her debut album Lisa Miskovsky and single "Driving One of Your Cars", with Swedish releases in 2001. Following this release, she received two Swedish Rock Bear awards; one for Best Swedish Newcomer, and the other for Best Swedish Female Artist of the Year. She followed up with the album Fallingwater, released in 2003, which climbed to number one in the Swedish pop charts, reaching platinum sales. The album contained two hit songs, "Lady Stardust" and "Sing to Me". "Lady Stardust" was also a radio hit in Europe, particularly in Germany and the United Kingdom.

Some of her music was co-written and produced by Joakim Berg, lead songwriter from the Swedish rock band Kent, and Simon Nordberg.

Miskovsky is a songwriter as well as a singer and musician. She had the original idea and wrote the lyrics to "Shape of My Heart", performed by Backstreet Boys.

Miskovsky contributed vocals to the track "Dead End" on Come Clarity, the 2006 release from Swedish melodic death metal outfit In Flames.

Miskovsky performed the theme song "Still Alive" for Mirror's Edge, an action-adventure video game developed by EA Digital Illusions CE (DICE). A remix album titled Still Alive: The Remixes was released on 11 November 2008 to coincide with the North American release date of Mirror's Edge. The album featured Miskovsky's original version, along with remixes by Benny Benassi, Junkie XL, Paul van Dyk, Armand van Helden, and Teddybears.

In 2011 she released her fourth studio album, Violent Sky, after moving record labels from Universal Music to Sony Music Entertainment.

Miskovsky entered Melodifestivalen 2012, the Swedish preselection for the Eurovision Song Contest 2012 with the song "Why Start a Fire". Lisa competed in the fourth semifinal and placed in the top two songs of the heat. Lisa competed at the final in Stockholm in 2012, where she finished 9th.

Ten years after her last entry into the contest, Miskovsky entered Melodifestivalen 2022 with the song "Best to Come". She performed on 19 February 2022 and finished third, qualifying to the semi-final. She performed again at second semi-final on 5 March 2022, finishing third and failing to qualify to the final.

Personal life
Besides music, Miskovsky enjoys snowboarding and has participated in the Swedish national snowboard team.

Her mother, Pirjo, is Finnish and her father, Karel Miškovský, is a Czech immigrant. Her sister is Carolina Miskovsky; the two have performed together publicly.

She shared in a fan interview at Melodifestivalen 2012, that she is a mother with two daughters, however she did not reveal any other personal information. In 2003, she married a Norwegian snowboarder, Marius Sommer. They filed for divorce in 2006 but reconciled for a time. They separated in September 2014. She resides in Umeå.

During the 2014 Winter Olympics she was a sports reporter on location, mainly covering snowboard and freestyle skiing.

Other

 * 2005: Kent - Max 500 (vocals on "Välgärningar & Illdåd")
 * 2006: In Flames - Come Clarity (vocals on "Dead End")
 * 2008: Still Alive (theme for the video game Mirror's Edge) #8 UK Indie chart #96 UK chart #23 Billboard Hot Dance Club Play
 * 2013: Comfort You (lyrics) & Home (featuring Marion Raven) (vocals & lyrics), both songs for Raven's latest album Songs from a Blackbird #3 in Norway.

title: Lisa Miskovsky


text: User talk:83.235.233.212

title: User talk:83.235.233.212


text:
Torchy Blane

Torchy Blane is a fictional female reporter, the main character of nine films produced by Warner Bros. between 1937 and 1939. The Torchy Blane series, which blend mystery, action, adventure and comedy, were popular second features.

Character
During the pre-World War II period, the role of newspaper reporter was one of the few in American cinema that portrayed women as intelligent, competent, self-reliant, and career-oriented—virtually equal to men. Among these screen characters, Torchy Blane, a wisecracking female reporter with an instinct for a scoop, was perhaps the best known. The movies were lighthearted cops-and-robbers films. A typical plot had the daring, fast-talking Torchy unraveling a mystery by staying several steps ahead of her boyfriend, gruff police detective Steve McBride. Torchy's given name is Theresa, used only twice over the course of nine movies, once when boarding an airplane in Fly-Away Baby and again when being given a parking ticket in Blondes at Work.

Production

In 1936, Warner Bros. began to develop an adaptation of the MacBride and Kennedy stories by detective novelist Frederick Nebel. These stories featured a no-nonsense cop named MacBride and his friend known as Kennedy, a hard-drinking newspaperman. For the film version, Kennedy was changed to a woman named "Torchy" Blane and became the love interest of the cop, whose name was now spelled "McBride". Torchy's lifestyle was more compatible with the Hays Code than a faithful on-screen adaptation of Kennedy would have been.

The first film was based on Nebel's MacBride and Kennedy story "No Hard Feelings". (The story was later adapted again as the 1941 film A Shot in the Dark, which was not a Torchy Blane film.) Director Frank MacDonald immediately knew whom he wanted for the role of Torchy Blane. Glenda Farrell had already played hard-boiled reporters in earlier Warner Bros. films, Mystery of the Wax Museum (1933) and Hi, Nellie! (1934), she was quickly cast in the first Torchy Blane movie, Smart Blonde, with Barton MacLane playing detective Steve McBride. Farrell and MacLane would co-star in seven of the nine Torchy Blane films by Warner Bros. Smart Blonde was released on January 2, 1937, the film was a surprise hit, and Warner Bros. made eight more movies from 1937 to 1939.

In the fifth film, Torchy Blane in Panama (1938), Warner Bros. replaced Farrell and MacLane with Lola Lane and Paul Kelly. Negative fan reaction led Warner Bros. to recast Farrell and MacLane in the lead roles. They starred in three more Torchy Blane films. In 1939, Farrell left Warner Bros., and the studio recast the roles with Jane Wyman and Allen Jenkins for the series' final entry, Torchy Blane... Playing with Dynamite (1939). Public reaction was tepid. A leftover Torchy Blane script was adapted into a 1939 film Private Detective, also starring Jane Wyman, but not as the Torchy character.

The only actor to appear in all nine Torchy Blane films was Tom Kennedy as Gahagan, McBride's slow-witted cop sidekick given to bursts of poetry. Various other Warner stock actors were also used repeatedly. Character actor George Guhl made notable appearances in all but the last entry in the series, as forgetful Desk Sergeant Graves, while bit part players Harry Seymour and Jack Wise were in seven. Composer Howard Jackson was credited with scoring all nine films.

Portrayals
In seven of the nine films featuring the character, Torchy Blane was played by Glenda Farrell. In her role as Torchy, Farrell was promoted as being able to speak 400 words in 40 seconds. On her portrayal of the character, Farrell said in her 1969 Time interview: "So before I undertook to do the first Torchy, I determined to create a real human being—and not an exaggerated comedy type. I met those [newswomen] who visited Hollywood and watched them work on visits to New York City. They were generally young, intelligent, refined and attractive. By making Torchy true to life, I tried to create a character practically unique in movies."

Influence
Comic book writer and Superman co-creator Jerry Siegel credited Glenda Farrell's portrayal of Torchy Blane as the inspiration for the DC Comics reporter Lois Lane and the name of actress Lola Lane for Lois' name. Joanne Siegel, the wife of Jerry Siegel and the original model for Lois Lane, also cited Farrell's portrayal of Torchy as Siegel's inspiration for Lois.

Characters

 * Names in white rectangles show which actors appeared in each film. A dark grey rectangle indicates that the character did not appear in that film.

Home media
Warner Archive released a boxed set DVD collection featuring all nine Torchy Blane films on March 29, 2010.

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T. H. Marshall

Thomas Humphrey Marshall (19 December 1893 – 29 November 1981) was an English sociologist who is best known for his essay "Citizenship and Social Class," a key work on citizenship that introduced the idea that full citizenship includes civil, political, and social citizenship.

Biography
T. H. Marshall was born in London on 19 December 1893 to a wealthy, artistically cultured family (a Bloomsbury family). He was the fourth of six children. His great-grandfather acquired an industrial fortune and his father, William Cecil Marshall, was a successful architect, giving Marshall a privileged upbringing and inheritance. He attended Rugby School, a public boarding school and then read history at Trinity College, Cambridge.

Marshall was a civilian prisoner in Germany during the First World War. In October 1919 he gained a fellowship at Trinity College, becoming a professional historian. This was interrupted when he became the Labour candidate for Farnham in the 1922 election. Despite being unsuccessful, Marshall found the experience beneficial because it brought him into close contact with working-class people and exposed him to the injustices and prejudices within the British class system. In "A British Sociological Career," he recounts that he "knew nothing of working-class life" growing up, suggesting this experience was transformative for his later work.

Marshall became a tutor in social work at the London School of Economics in 1925. He was promoted to reader and went on to become the head of the Social Science Department at LSE from 1944 to 1949 and Martin White Professorship of Sociology from 1954 to 1956.

Marshall worked for UNESCO as the head of the Social Science Department from 1956 to 1960, possibly contributing to the United Nations International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, which was drafted in 1954, but not ratified until 1966.

He was the fourth president of the International Sociological Association (1959–1962).

His papers are held in the Archives of the London School of Economics, along with an oral history interview he gave to the historian, Brian Harrison, in July 1978 about his niece, the suffragist Catherine Marshall.

Marshall died on 29 November 1981 in Cambridge.

Citizenship and Social Class
T.H. Marshall wrote a seminal essay on citizenship– which became his most famous work– titled "Citizenship and Social Class." This was published in 1950 and was based on a lecture given the previous year. British citizenship was originally bestowed upon those of a higher status group with their own civil, political, and social privileges. Yet Marshall argued that, with the expansion of capitalism, a "new kind of citizenship slowly pulled apart the package of privileges hitherto enjoyed exclusively by the well-born." He analysed the development of citizenship as a development of civil, then political, then social rights.

Marshall defined the three aspects of citizenship as follows:
 * Civil rights are "the rights necessary for individual freedom-liberty of the person, freedom of speech, thought and faith, the right to own property and to conclude valid contracts, and the right to justice."
 * This concept of individual civil rights "also undid statutes and customs that constricted the 'right to work.'" Working people could now legally pursue employment, which corresponds with the need of capitalism for labor markets.
 * Marshall also argued that "the principle of civil citizenship contains within itself...a 'drive' toward further equality - political equality."
 * Political rights refer to "the right to participate in the exercise of political power."
 * Universal Suffrage
 * Electing representatives to Parliament
 * Social rights include as "the right to a modicum of economic welfare and security to the right to share to the fuIl in the social heritage and to live the life of a civilised being." Social rights are usually understood as benefits associated with the modern welfare state and positive freedoms such as welfare rights.

Marshall also argued that these three aspects of citizenship developed in England in a certain order. Civil rights are broadly assigned with the eighteenth century, political to the nineteenth, and social to the twentieth century. There is a complex interplay between these conceptions of citizenship. According to Marshall, "once citizens are recognized as full members of society, they also receive undeniable social rights, such as protection against poverty."

This expansion of social rights "replaced earlier ideas of providing material assistance only as a matter of charity or, as under earlier social welfare legislation, of making state assistance conditional on recipients forfeiting their civil or political rights."

Social rights are awarded not on the basis of class or need, but rather on the status of citizenship. Marshall claimed that the extension of social rights does not entail the destruction of social classes and inequality. T.H. Marshall was a close friend and admirer of Leonard Hobhouse, and his conception of citizenship emerged from a series of lectures given by Hobhouse at the LSE. Hobhouse is more philosophical, whereas Marshall is under the influence of measures taken by Lord Beveridge after the Second World War. All of these people were involved in a turn in liberal thought that was called "new liberalism," a liberalism with a social conscience. T.H. Marshall also talks about industrial citizenship and its relationship with citizenship. He said that social rights are a precursor for political and civil rights.

Among the lasting influences of "Citizenship and Social Class" is its commentary on capitalism in relation to emerging social rights. Marshall noted the "contradiction between social rights and the requirements of a market economy within the dynamic context of welfare-capitalism...where citizenship functioned to contain these conflicts between social classes." Class inequality within capitalist societies created tension with Marshall's emerging ideas of citizenship. He argues that the creation of social rights are necessary in reducing this tension between civil, political, economic inequality. Marshall saw this process as a struggle unfolding over many centuries and looked to the future in hopes of a more egalitarian society.

Influence
Marshall's work on citizenship influenced other scholars. Reinhard Bendix's Nation Building and Citizenship (1964) is said to owe "much to Marshall and much of it reads like a commentary on Marshall's own treatment of that theme."

Talcott Parsons's "Full Citizenship for the Negro American?" (1965) is held to draw "enormously from Marshall."

Stein Rokkan met Marshall at the London School of Economics and Rokkan's work on citizenship was influenced by Marshall's ideas.

Anthony Giddens's discussion of citizenship in The Nation-State and Violence (1985) builds on Marshall's distinctions and analysis.

Marshall, along with Stein Rokkan, is credited with the establishment of "what has become the standard narrative of the evolution of modern democratic citizenship."

Marshall's emphasis on social rights influenced both theoretical literature and policies pursued in the twentieth century.

Criticisms
Marshall's analysis of citizenship has been criticised on the basis that it only applies to males in England (note: England rather than Britain). His theories specifically applied within English contexts of social reform and therefore were not subject to comparative analysis. Marxist critics point out that Marshall's analysis is superficial as it does not discuss the right of the citizen to control economic production, which they argue is necessary for sustained shared prosperity. From a feminist perspective, the work of Marshall is highly constricted in being focused on men and ignoring the social rights of women and impediments to their realisation.

There is a debate among scholars about whether Marshall intended his historical analysis to be interpreted as a general theory of citizenship or whether the essay was just a commentary on developments within England. The essay has been used by editors to promote more equality in society, including the "Black" vote in the US, and against Mrs. Thatcher in a 1992 edition prefaced by Tom Bottomore. It is an Anglo-Saxon interpretation of the evolution of rights in a "peaceful reform" mode, unlike the revolutionary interpretations of Charles Tilly, the other great theoretician of citizenship in the twentieth century, who bases his readings in the developments of the French Revolution.

Although Marshall was specifically concerned about the class inequalities within capitalist societies and their impact on citizenship, William Wilson and Janet Finch note his neglect of issues pertaining to race and gender relations.

Michael Mann criticized Marshall's theory of citizenship "for being Anglocentric and evolutionist."

Jørgen Møller and Svend-Erik Skaaning argue that Marshall's claim that citizenship rights are extended in a certain order — civil, political, and then social citizenship rights — "is no longer the prevalent one in the developing and transformation countries of the contemporary era."

Other scholars find Marshall's "story of inexorable upward progress" as assuming that all victories for social rights were an "irreversible achievement" rather than the result of "bitter struggles involved in winning basic rights for all."

Marshall's ideas of social citizenship influenced institutions of health and education in addition to setting new rules for minimum wage, hours of labor, working conditions, as well as safety in the workplace and compensation in the event of an accident. However, since capitalism rests on the exploitation and inequality of laborers, the development of social rights challenged this economic system. The state responded to these "opposing interests by granting some rights to the working class" while still preventing them from obtaining greater influence to overthrow the system. Despite designating social rights to the worker and igniting a questioning of "the righteousness of democracy," Marshall's theory of social citizenship "carries on the capitalist expansionism with the veil of equality."

Sociology at a Crossroads and Other Essays
In 1963, Marshall published another renowned work, Sociology at a Crossroads and Other Essays, which includes a collection of sixteen essays modeled on the work of Max Weber. He structured the essays under three main titles: Sociology of Today and Tomorrow, Social Class, and Social Welfare.

The first several essays focus on the problems facing Sociology in the present day. Marshall sees the discipline as being at a crossroads where several paths meet. The first leads to "universal laws and ultimate values," whereas the second "leads to a collection of a multitude of facts." Finally, the third is one that Marshall recommends as the ideal direction for Sociology. This path "'leads into a country where sociology can choose units of study of manageable size - not society, progress, morals and civilization - but specific social structures in which the basic processes and functions have determined meanings.'" After indicating this path for Sociology, Marshall goes on to define the discipline as the "analytical and explanatory study of social systems" on a larger-scale, such as nations or states and also smaller systems that function within those societies.

Marshall also elaborates on concepts of "class," "social class," "status," "social status," "prestige," "position," and "role," all of which develop his analysis of social stratification. In writing about social conflict, he encourages reserving the term "conflict" for "'cases in which the common interest shared by the rivals dwindles to vanishing point' and 'little regard is paid even to the accepted rules of warfare.'"

The final essays are dedicated to analyzing the concepts and problems of the Welfare State and Affluent Society in England, France, and Germany.

Influence
Marshall's analysis developed a deeper understanding of social phenomena and identified the "time and space limitations of concepts," namely what he refers to as the first and second paths in the crossroads of sociology.

Criticisms
There is some disagreement regarding Marshall's very broad definition of "social systems," as some find that it covers too many different entities and therefore blurs "the distinction between society and state, and between the whole and the part."

Philosophy of social science
Modern political science pioneer Seymour Martin Lipset argues that Marshall proposed a model of social science based on the middle-range theory of social structures and institutions, as opposed to grand theories of the purposes of development and modernisation, which were criticised by modern sociologists such as Robert K. Merton for being too speculative to provide valid results. By using such a middle-range approach, Marshall and his mentor L. T. Hobhouse believed that rigid class distinctions could be dissolved and middle-class citizenship generalised through a careful understanding of social mechanisms. He also believed this would allow sociology to become an international discipline, helping "to increase mutual understanding between cultures" and further international co-operation. While employing some concepts from Marxist conflict theory, such as social class and revolution, Marshall's analyses are based on functionalist concerns with phenomena such as "consensus, the normal, and anomie; co-operation and conflict; structure and growth," within self-contained systems. Rather than studying "society," which may include non-systemic elements, Marshall argues that the task of sociology is:

"the analytical and explanatory study of social systems....a set of interrelated and reciprocal activities having the following characteristics. The activities are repetitive and predictable to the degree necessary, first, to permit of purposeful, peaceful and orderly behaviour of the members of the society, and secondly to enable the pattern of action to continue in being, that is to say to preserve its identity even while gradually changing its shape."Since his work centers around functionalism, Marshall "uses a top-down perspective, by describing how political systems allocate social and political rights to citizens and develop institutions that are in charge of administering these rights."

Whereas Marxists point to the internal contradictions of capital accumulation and class inequality (intra-systemic), Marshall sees phenomena that are anti-systemic as partly "alien" to the social system. Anti-system refers to one of the three branches of social phenomena that Marshall defines in Sociology at a Crossroads and Other Essays. It posits that conflict is incompatible with the operation of a social system yet is simultaneously an inevitable part of that system. The other two branches are known as "non-system" and "pro-system."

Further reading (by Marshall)

 * Marshall, T. H. (ed.). 1938. Class Conflict and Social Stratification. London: Le Play House Press.
 * Marshall, T. H. 1950. Citizenship and Social Class: And Other Essays. Cambridge, Eng.: Cambridge University Press.
 * Marshall, T. H. 1963. Sociology at the Crossroads and Other Essays. London: Heinemann.
 * Marshall, T. H. 1973. "A British Sociological Career". International Social Science Journal 25(1/2): 88–100.
 * Marshall, T. H. 1981. The Right to Welfare and Other Essays. London: Heinemann.

Further reading (on Marshall)

 * Bulmer, Martin, and Anthony Rees (eds). 1996. Citizenship Today: The Contemporary Relevance of T. H. Marshall. London: Routledge.
 * Crowley, John. 1998. "The National Dimension of Citizenship in T.H. Marshall". Citizenship Studies 2:2: 165–178.
 * Halsey, A. H. 1984. "T. H. Marshall, past and present: 1893-1981". Sociology 18: 1–18.
 * Giddens, Anthony. 1982. Profiles and Critiques of Social Theory. Berkeley: University of California Press, Ch. 12, "Class Division, Class Conflict and Citizenship Rights."
 * Mead, Lawrence M. 1997. "Citizenship and Social Policy: T. H. Marshall and Poverty". Social Philosophy and Policy 14(2): 197–230.
 * Møller, Jørgen, and Svend-Erik Skaaning. 2010. "Marshall Revisited: The Sequence of Citizenship Rights in the Twenty-first Century." Government and Opposition Vol. 45, No. 4: 457–483.
 * Rees, Anthony. 1995. "The Other T. H. Marshall". Journal of Social Policy 24(3): 341–362.
 * Revi, Ben. 2014. "T.H. Marshall and his Critics: Reappraising 'social citizenship' in the Twenty-first Century". Citizenship Studies 18:3-4: 452–464.

title: T. H. Marshall


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Francis An Shuxin

Francis An Shuxin (born 16 July 1949) is the Roman Catholic bishop of the diocese of Baoding, China. He received consecration by Bishop Peter Liu Guandong on May 2, 1993, as the Auxiliary Bishop of Baoding diocese. He was arrested on October 8, 1997, by the Chinese government, along with Su Zhi-Ming, since professing loyalty to the pope in Rome over loyalty to the Chinese state is forbidden in China. According to reports he was released on August 24, 2006. He was appointed Coadjutor Bishop in 2007. Bishop He joined the government-sanctioned Chinese Catholic Patriotic Association, which split the diocese further between the underground and open communities. With the consent of the government, He was installed as the bishop of the Diocese of Baoding on 7 August 2010 to lead the “Open” community.

External links and additional sources

 * $[self-published]$
 * $[self-published]$

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Talk:Boswell, Indiana

Nickname?
"Nickname(s): Hub of the Universe"

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Harel Levy

Harel Levy (הראל לוי; born 5 August 1978) is a retired Israeli professional tennis player, and the current captain of Israel's Davis Cup team. He reached the final of the 2000 Toronto Masters and achieved a career-high singles ranking of World No. 30 (June 2001), with his best doubles ranking being World No. 71 in May 2008. Levy was a key factor in Israel's semifinal run in the 2009 Davis Cup.

In a career interrupted first by Israeli Army service and later by serious right hip surgery in 2001, Levy notably scored victories over Pete Sampras, Andy Roddick, Michael Chang and Wayne Ferreira. As well as reaching the singles final of the 2000 Toronto Masters, he finished runner-up at Nottingham in 2001 and won a doubles title in Newport, Rhode Island.

In September 2017, Levy was named the captain of Israel's Davis Cup team.

Early and personal life
Levy was born in Nahshonim, Israel, and is Jewish. Levy, Noam Okun, and Dudi Sela were Israel's top singles players a number of years, and were among a number of Jewish professional tennis players.

Levy is a good friend of Brazilian tennis champion Gustavo Kuerten, with whom Levy has often been a hitting partner.

Levy is a fan of the soccer team Maccabi Haifa.

Tennis career
Levy began playing tennis at age seven. His family moved to Portugal for a year and half when he was nine years old. They returned to Israel, and in 1992 the family moved to Ramat HaSharon so he could train at the Israel Tennis Centers there. That year, he was No. 1 in the under-14 age group in Israel.

1995–99
After turning pro in 1995, Levy served his required time in the Israeli military, but the IDF (Israeli Defense Forces) allowed him to compete in events during his service.

In March 1998 he and Lior Mor won in Israel, defeating Barry Cowan and Filippo Veglio in the final. In June he and partner Raviv Weidenfeld won in Ireland, defeating Daniele Braccoalo and Igor Gaudi 7–6, 6–4 in the final. In July he and Mor won in Greece, defeating Gilles Elseneer and Wim Neefs in the final.

In July 1999 while ranked No. 241 he beat Michael Chang, formerly ranked No 2 in the world, at the Safeway Challenger in Aptos, California. In August 1999 at Indianapolis he defeated world No. 40 Jiří Novák. In September he and partner Noam Okun won at Budapest, defeating Daniel Fiala and Leoš Friedl in the final.

2000–04

In January 2000 he and partner Jonathan Erlich won at Orlando, Florida, defeating Óscar Ortiz and Jimy Szymanski in the final. In July they won at Newport, Rhode Island, defeating Kyle Spencer and Mitch Sprengelmeyer in the final of the Hall of Fame tennis championships.

In July 2000 at the Tennis Masters Series-Canada tournament in Toronto, while ranked only 144th in the world, he used whiplike ground strokes, a tantalizing drop shot, and winners off his one-handed to beat world No. 73 Martin Damm, No. 47 Stefan Koubek, No. 27 Sébastien Grosjean, No. 61 Jérôme Golmard, and No. 55 Jiří Novák, before losing in the finals to No. 9 Marat Safin. Levy more than doubled his career earnings with the $211,000 runner-up prize. Levy was the first Israeli to reach an ATP Tour final since Amos Mansdorf in 1994, and jumped to No. 70 in the world rankings.

Levy completed his three years of military service in the IDF in August 2000.

In March 2001 he upset world No. 10 Tim Henman of Great Britain at Scottsdale.

In May 2001 Levy upset the world's top player, Pete Sampras, at the Italian Open, saving 13 of 17 break points. In his next match at the tournament, he beat world No. 33 Francisco Clavet, and then whipped Nicolas Kiefer, winning 80% of his first serves. Levy played down his achievements by joking that he was more depressed by his Israeli soccer team (Maccabi Haifa) losing that week than excited by his success. "I still like soccer much more than tennis", he shrugged. In the quarterfinals he subsequently lost to Sweden's Andreas Vinciguerra.

In June 2001 Levy upset world No. 17 Wayne Ferreira of South Africa. He then beat world No. 40 Andy Roddick, with powerful groundstrokes and spinning drop shots, while sustaining a right hip injury. At one point, Roddick prostrated himself on the court, worshiping with outstretched arms in Levy's direction after Levy had gone up 40–0 on Roddick's serve on three cross-court passes. "He'd produced three running passing shots in a row", Roddick explained. "My approach play hadn't been bad. He just came up with power and speed and there was nothing I could do about it at all." Levy lost in the finals of the Nottingham Tournament in England to Thomas Johansson of Sweden, despite his use of what had become by then his trademark drop volleys. In late June he retired from his first round Wimbledon match with a hip injury. On 25 June, at the age of 22, he reached the ranking of No. 30 in the world.

In November 2001 Levy flew to the US for arthroscopic surgery for an injured knee, and also had complicated right hip surgery to address his injury in Nottingham. He spent six months home in Ramat Ha-Sharon, a suburb of Tel Aviv, recuperating, and in April 2002 returned to playing tennis.

Levy was hampered by injuries for much of the 2002 season. By July 2002, his ranking had dropped to 326. The following month he said: "I'm not going to be back to a hundred percent, but if I get back to 90%, I'll be very happy."

At the US Open in 2002 he defeated world No. 30 Andrei Pavel. A partisan crowd cheered him on. Asked how much the crowd helped him, Levy shrugged: "In percentages, you want? OK, around 23½."

At the Forest Hills Tennis Classic in May 2003, Levy defeated top-seeded world No. 96 Justin Gimelstob 6–2, 6–3.

At the qualifying tournament for Wimbledon in 2003, Levy defeated Paul Goldstein in the first round, and reached the 3rd round before losing. In September 2003, Levy and partner Paul Baccanello of Australia won the doubles title at the Open de l'Isère, defeating Rik de Voest and Johan Landsberg in Grenoble, France. Levy also reached the singles final at the tournament. Later that month he paired with Amir Hadad to defeat Fred Hemmes Jr. and Raemon Sluiter to win in Groningen, the Netherlands. In October he and Hadad defeated Scott Humphries and Mark Merklein to win in Nottingham, England. Levy was back in peak form at the Dnepropetrovsk tournament in November 2003. He reached the singles final before succumbing to Georgian Irakli Labadze 3–6, 6–3, 1–6. Levy fared better in the doubles tournament where, along with partner Jonathan Erlich he won the title in straight sets, over Simon Aspelin and Johan Landsberg. He and Erlich also won that month at Bratislava, Slovakia, defeating Mario Ančić and Martin García in the final. He finished 2003 ranked 111th in the world in singles.

2005–2011
The doubles performances of Levy and his partner Amir Hadad in the months of April and May 2005, were impressive. In late April the Israelis captured the Hungary F1 tournament in Budapest, defeating Nikola Martinović and Joško Topić 5–7, 6–2, 6–1 in the final. A few days later they won the F2 title in Miskolc as well, beating Bastian Knittel and Marius Zay in the final. Levy and Hadad then competed in May in the German town of Furth, where they took the title from Jan Frode Andersen and Johan Landsberg. In July they won at Budaors, Hungary, defeating Adam Chadaj and Stéphane Robert.

In 2005 Levy won the USTA Tulsa Challenger, beating Benedikt Dorsch of Germany, the reigning NCAA men's singles champion, in a three-hour duel. In September 2005 he and partner Noam Okun won in Istanbul, Turkey, defeating David Škoch and Martin Štěpánek in the final, 6–4, 7–5.

In January 2006, a right shoulder injury forced him to retire from a Sydney ATP singles match, and sidelined him for a week. In June 2006 he and Giorgio Galimberti won in Milan, Italy, defeating Frederico Gil and Juan Albert Viloca in the final, 6–3, 6–3. In August he and partner Sam Warburg won in the Bronx, New York, defeating Scott Lipsky and David Martin in the Bronx Classic final, 6–4, 7–5.

In early 2007 Levy was suspended from all competition for three months by the Israel Tennis Federation for failing to participate in a State Cup tennis match that the ITF had organized. In April 2007 he and Warburg won at Valencia, California, defeating Cecil Mamiit and Eric Taino in the final. In June they won at Yuba City, California, defeating Eric Nuñez and Jean-Julien Rojer in the final. In July 2007 Levy and Rajeev Ram competed together in doubles at Wimbledon, where they made it through the qualifying rounds and to the quarterfinals – Levy's best grand slam showing to date. On their way they defeated 15th-seeded Martín García and Sebastián Prieto in five sets in the third round. They lost in the quarters to No. 10 seeds Arnaud Clément and Michaël Llodra, 6–3, 6–2, 6–2. Later in July, Levy, who had slipped to 264 in the world rankings since his surgery, won a challenger title in Manchester, Great Britain, beating Travis Rettenmaier 6–2, 6–4 in the final.

In the men's final of the Israeli Championship in December 2007 Levy, who had won the title in 1997, 1999, and 2002, defeated Dekel Valtzer, 6–0, 6–1. By December, Levy had risen 125 places in 2007. His coach, Oded Jacob, said: "Levy suffered a very serious injury in 2001 from which some players have never managed to recover. He went through some very difficult years of physical and mental recuperation. I think he's recovered from that now, and I feel he's learned to come to terms with the fact that he's no longer No. 30 in the world. His goal now is to return to the top 100."

In December 2008 Levy claimed the fifth Israeli championship title of his career, beating Dudi Sela 6–4, 3–6, 7–5. "I won the match because I always believed I would", said Levy. In doubles Levy and Noam Okun lost in the finals to Andy Ram and Noam Behr, 6–1, 6–4.

Levy decided at the beginning of 2009 to enter slowly reduce his participation in singles tournaments, and put an emphasis on his doubles career with Noam Okun. But after his Davis Cup win in Sweden, he changed his plans. To prepare for the tie with Russia, he realized he had to once again stress his singles career, and while he kept playing doubles, he played singles anywhere possible.

Davis Cup
Levy played for Israel's Davis Cup team starting in 1998, with a 22–15 record through July 2009. In 2008 he played in a tie against Sweden, in which he was not victorious in the final and deciding match. However, he redeemed Israel and himself in 2009 against Sweden.

In September 2008 against the Peru Davis Cup team, after losing one match in singles to Luis Horna 7–5, 5–7, 7–6(3), 6–3, Levy paired with Andy Ram to win the doubles tie 6–1, 6–1, 6–2, as Israel won 4–1.

In the 2009 World Group Playoffs in March 2009, Israel again faced Sweden. 2002 Australian Open champion Thomas Johansson defeated Levy in the opening match, 6–7(3), 6–4, 7–5, 4–6, 8–6, in just under 4 hours, but Levy won the decisive final match against Andreas Vinciguerra in Vinciguerra's hometown of Malmö, Sweden, 6–4, 4–6, 6–4, 3–6, 8–6 in a marathon 3 hour, 44 minutes to lead the Israeli team to a come-from-behind 3–2 victory over the 7-time Davis Cup champion Swedes at Baltic Hall, allowing Israel to advance in the 2009 Davis Cup. In their 84-year Davis Cup history, the Swedes had never before lost a tie after holding a 2–1 lead.

"I had a coach who always told me that I'm a winner, and that I will always be one. The press labeled me as a loser when I wasn't doing well, and now they say I'm a winner.  I know my worth, and I proved to myself that I can still win big matches", Levy said. He added: "Despite all the difficult years, scouring the globe to play in small tournaments with little success, I'm now experiencing a joy that has made it all worthwhile."

Israel (ranked 8th in the Davis Cup standings, with 5,394 points) hosted heavily favored Russia (which won in both 2002 and 2006, and was the top-ranked country in Davis Cup standings, with 27,897 points) in a Davis Cup quarterfinal tie in July 2009, on indoor hard courts at the Nokia Arena in Tel Aviv. Israel was represented by Levy, Dudi Sela, Jonathan Erlich, and Andy Ram. Russia's lineup consisted of Marat Safin (No. 24 in the world; former world No. 1), Igor Andreev (26), Igor Kunitsyn (35), and Mikhail Youzhny (44; former world No. 8). "I believe we can do it against Russia", predicted Levy. The stage was set by Safin, who prior to the tie told the press: "With all due respect, Israel was lucky to get to the quarterfinals." The Israeli team's response was to beat the Russian team in each of their first three matches, thereby winning the tie. Levy was aware that the Russians thought he was incapable of playing at their level, let alone beating Russia's top player, Andreev. Levy, ranked world No. 210, beat Andreev, world No. 24, 6–4, 6–2, 4–6, 6–2 in the opening match. Levy said: "I had a feeling Andreev couldn't hurt me in any way, while I could do almost anything, and that made me very calm.  I forced him to feel very uncomfortable on the court, lowering his confidence, and his game became more simple." Sela (No. 33) followed by beating Russian Youzhny 3–6, 6–1, 6–0, 7–5. Israeli captain Eyal Ran likened his players to two fighter jets on the court. The 10,500 spectators were the largest crowd ever for a tennis match in Israel.

The next day Israelis Ram and Erlich beat Safin and Kunitsyn 6–3, 6–4, 6–7(3), 4–6, 6–4 in front of a boisterous crowd of over 10,000. Ran was carried shoulder-high around the Tel Aviv stadium, as the 10,000-strong crowd applauded. With the tie clinched for Israel, the reverse singles rubbers were "dead", and instead of best-of-five matches, best-of-three sets were played, with the outcomes of little to no importance. Israel wrapped up a 4–1 victory over Russia, as Levy defeated Kunitsyn 6–4, 4–6, 7–6(2), while Sela retired with a wrist injury while down 3–4 in the first set against Andreev.

Israel next faced the Spanish Davis Cup team in Spain, in Israel's first appearance in the Davis Cup semifinals.

Captain of Israel Davis Cup Team
In September 2017, Levy was named the captain of Israel's Davis Cup team, taking over from Eyal Ran.

title: Harel Levy


text:
Talk:Earl Park, Indiana

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title: Talk:Earl Park, Indiana


text: User talk:201.9.97.114

title: User talk:201.9.97.114


text:
Committee on Education, Culture, Tourism, and Human Resources

The Committee on Education, Culture, Tourism and Human Resources is one of the ten permanent committees of the Pan-African Parliament. It deals with issues relating to education, cultural issues, tourism and human resources.

Functions of the committee:

 * Consider strategies and programmes for the improvement of the lives of African peoples.
 * Consider issues relating to regional and international cooperation in strategic planning and implementation of social development and health policies and programs.

Chairperson of the Committee is Hon William F. Shija from (Tanzania).

Deputy Chairperson of the Committee is the Hon Maidagi Allambeye from (Niger).

Rapporteur of the Committee is the Hon Draoui Mohamed (Algeria).


text:
Talk:Oxford, Indiana

Adding Education
The library is the only thing listed as education in Oxford. Oxford has both Benton Central Jr. Sr. High School and Prairie Crossing Elementary School. Halleburton (talk) 03:39, 26 April 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Oxford, Indiana


text:
Talk:Otterbein, Indiana

Portion in each county
Users Kaleb988 and 76.214.139.213 (perhaps the same user) continue to edit a piece of information about Otterbein in these articles:

 * Bolivar Township, Benton County, Indiana
 * Benton County, Indiana
 * Shelby Township, Tippecanoe County, Indiana
 * Tippecanoe County, Indiana

The claim is that Otterbein is 3/4 in Benton and 1/4 in Tippecanoe. However, this map from the U. S. Census clearly shows that it is about half-and-half. While it seems to be true that more than half of the actual streets are in Benton, nevertheless the area defined by the city limits is about equally divided between the two counties. Omnedon (talk) 13:02, 12 August 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Otterbein, Indiana


text:
Jean-Baptiste Lauzon

Jean-Baptiste Lauzon (March 15, 1858 – June 18, 1944) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba on three occasions: from 1897 to 1899, from 1907 to 1910, and from 1914 to 1915. Lauzon was a member of the Conservative Party.

Lauzon was born on March 15, 1858, in Pointe-Claire, Canada East (now Quebec). He was educated at Pointe Claire College, and moved to Manitoba to work as a cattle dealer. He first sought election to the Manitoba legislature in the 1896 provincial election and lost to Liberal candidate James Prendergast in the constituency of St. Boniface, 357 votes to 278.

Prendergast resigned shortly after the election, and Lauzon was elected to take his place in the legislature in a by-election held on February 7, 1897. He defeated Liberal candidate S.A.D. Bertrand by 388 votes to 208, and sat with the Conservative caucus on the opposition benches of the legislature.

The Conservatives won a majority government in the 1899 provincial election, though Lauzon lost his St. Boniface constituency to S.A.D. Bertrand by twenty-five votes. He attempted to return to the legislature in the 1903 campaign for the rural constituency of La Vérendrye, but lost to Liberal incumbent William Lagimodière by a margin of only eleven votes.

Lauzon was re-elected in the 1907 provincial election, defeating Lagimodière by twenty-three votes. He served as a backbench supporter of Rodmond Roblin's government for the next three years, and lost to Liberal candidate William Molloy by nine votes in the 1910 campaign.

Lauzon was elected to the legislature for a third time in the 1914 provincial election, defeating Liberal candidate Philippe Adjutor Talbot by 228 votes. He again served as a backbench supporter of Roblin's government.

In 1915, Roblin's administration was forced to resign after a commission established by the Lieutenant Governor found the government guilty of corruption in the tendering of legislative contracts. A new election was called, which the Liberals won in a landslide. Lauzon lost the La Vérendrye constituency to Talbot by 155 votes.

title: Jean-Baptiste Lauzon


text: Talk:Shamrock Lakes, Indiana

title: Talk:Shamrock Lakes, Indiana


text:
Committee on Justice and Human Rights

The Committee on Justice and Human Rights is one of the ten permanent committees of the Pan-African Parliament. It is in charge of law and justice issues in Africa.

Functions of the committee:

 * Assist Parliament in its role of harmonising and coordinating the laws of Member States.
 * Promote respect for and develop sound principles of freedom, civil liberties, justice, human and peoples' rights and fundamental rights within the Union.

Chairperson of the committee is the Hon Abdelahad Gamaleldin (Egypt).

The deputy chairperson is the Hon Efigênia dos Santos Lima Clemente (Angola).

Rapporteur of the committee is Hon Abdu Katuntu (Uganda).

title: Committee on Justice and Human Rights


text:
Pierre Claude Pajol

Claude-Pierre, Comte de Pajol (3 February 1772 – 20 March 1844), was a French cavalry general and political during and after the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars.

Early life
He was born in Besançon, as the son of a lawyer. He was intended to follow his father's profession, but the events of 1789 led him to join the battalion of Besançon, where he took part in the political events of that year.

Revolution
In 1791 he joined the French Revolutionary Army of the Upper Rhine with a volunteer battalion.

He took part in the campaign of 1792 and was one of the stormers at Hochheim (1793). From the Count of Custine's staff he was transferred to that of Jean-Baptiste Kléber, with whom he took part in the Sambre and Rhine campaigns (1794–96). After serving with Louis Lazare Hoche and André Masséna in Germany and Switzerland (1797–99), Pajol took a cavalry command under Jean Victor Marie Moreau for the campaign on the upper Rhine.

First Empire
In the short years of peace Pajol, now colonel, successively served as envoy to the Batavian Republic, and delegate at Napoleon's coronation (the start of the First French Empire). In 1805, the emperor employed him with the light cavalry. He distinguished himself at the battle of Austerlitz, and, after serving for a short time in the Italian Peninsula, he rejoined the Grande Armée as a general of brigade, in time to take part in the campaign of Friedland. The next year (1808) he was made a Baron d'Empire.

In 1809 he served on the Danube, and in the Russian War of 1812 led a division, and afterwards a corps, of cavalry. He survived retreat, but his health was so broken that he retired to his native town of Besançon for a time. He was back again in active service, however, in time to be present at the battle of Dresden, in which he played a conspicuous part. Again wounded in the battle of Leipzig, Pajol was created a count of the Empire on 25 November 1813.

In 1814 he fought in the Six Days' Campaign, commanding a corps of all arms in the Seine Valley. On the fall of Napoleon, Pajol gave his allegiance to the Restoration government, but he rejoined the Emperor immediately upon his return to France. The 1st Cavalry Corps ( 1er corps de cavalerie) under his leadership played a prominent part in the campaign of 1815, both at Ligny and in the advance on Wavre under the Marquis de Grouchy. On receiving the news of the battle of Waterloo, Pajol disengaged his command, and skillfully retreated to refuge in Paris. There he and his men played an active part in the actions that ended the war.

Later life
The Bourbons, on their return, dismissed him, although this treatment was not, compared to that applied to Michel Ney and others, excessively harsh. In 1830 he took part in the July Revolution and the overthrow of Charles X. He suppressed the riots in Paris in 1831 and 1832, 1834 and 1839. A general, and a peer of France, he was put on the retired list in 1842 and died two years later.

Family
His son, Count Charles Paul Victor Pajol (1821–1891), entered the army and reached the rank of général de division when, during the Franco-Prussian War, he was involved in the catastrophe of Metz (1870). He retired in 1877. Judged a competent soldier, he was also a sculptor of some merit, who executed statues of his father and of Napoleon. He wrote a life of his father and a history of the wars under Louis XV (Paris 1881–1891).

title: Pierre Claude Pajol


text:
Talk:Metropolitan Community Church of Edinburgh

Untitled
The text from this page is adapted from some material available online at MCC Edinburgh's webpage (mccedinburgh.com) which was written by me (Stephen Harte) and of which I am the copyright owner.

How do I delete the "Holy Trinity" from the page tite that someone added (I suggest - see text) unhelpfully the other day?

Verifiability
Although I know the information in this article to be true, Stephen (it's Christian Hoffland, or, as I go by here, Xantharius), in order to not get removed by other editors, the information needs verification from another source. Your own website qualifies as a source as far as I am aware. Xantharius 17:29, 12 June 2007 (UTC)

Tone
The tone of most of the text is not encyclopedic and will need some work to get right. Stephen, if you'd like to do that I'd be very happy. Otherwise, I'll have a go. Xantharius 17:52, 19 June 2007 (UTC)

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Talk:Advance, Indiana

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Why is the roads on 75 hiway closed at 200 am indaina time on Sept 9 Tossybear (talk) 06:44, 9 September 2019 (UTC)

Why is the roads on 75 hiway closed at 200 am indaina time on Sept 9 Tossybear (talk) 06:44, 9 September 2019 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Advance, Indiana