text:
Talk:Informbiro period

Catching up
This is woefully bad. Does anyone want to help fix this up?

Ted71 (talk) 08:59, 2 August 2020 (UTC)

Hungary
I removed the link to hungary in the sentence:

"Considering Stalin's brutal repression of other satellites' independent moves (e.g. Hungary), it remains unclear what prevented him from miltary intervention. "

since i think refers to the invasion in 1956 and Stalin was dead by then.

Merge proposal

 * The Tito-soviet split article should remain separate as they are separate issues to some degree. one deals with the emerging rift between the two nations and the other discusses the split until Yugoslavia was readmitted into the Cominform. user:81.107.130.137

 * Disagree with merging. "Informbiro" topic should cover mainly internal issues. "Tito-Stalin split" should be a more global view. Titoism article, close to the two, covers yet another aspect. All of them do their own job. I'd rather consider careful separating of the content, to avoid duplication, in the context of the overall History of Yugoslavia. `'mikka (t) 21:08, 21 April 2006 (UTC)
 * But is there any reason why the two cannot be distinct sections of the same article? I mean, they "attack" the very same topic, and you cannot avoid duplication forever. Plus, one of them looks destined to remain small forever. "Titoism" might be referenced here, IMO, since it is the only one that goes beyond certain events. Dahn 23:05, 21 April 2006 (UTC)

From Informbiro to Informbiro period
I have moved the article from Informbiro to Informbiro period, because Informbiro is synonim for Cominform, not for Informbiro period. Maybe there are better options for title of this article, but definitely the title Informbiro period is more appropriate than the title Informbiro. (Zdravko mk 16:38, 25 December 2006 (UTC))

Prison and internment camps
In Yugoslavia, Goli Otok prison camp was established for the internment of "supporters of the Informbiro"/"Stalinists". In Hungary, Hortobágy prison camp was established for the internment of "opposers of the Informbiro"/"Titoists". In Romania, Baragan prison camp was established for the internment of "opposers of the Informbiro"/"Titoists", as well for others regime opponents (Walther Konschitzky, Peter-Dietmar Leber and Walter Wolf, Deported to the Bărăgan 1951–1956, Haus des Deutschen Ostens, Munchen, 2001 ) Does anybody knows more of these? Kamarad Walter (talk) 23:26, 26 March 2009 (UTC)

Last line from Time
"1995 – Goli Otok internees from post-Yugoslav republics seek damages" - what does this doing here? It should be reomved. Radu talk  12:07, 1 September 2020 (UTC)

Possibly better name of the article
I have not been able to find that many English language high-quality sources using the term "Informbiro period" (or Informbureau or Informburo for that matter) to describe the period. I am aware that there are several terms which translate as "Informbiro period" and are used in Serbian and/or Croatian for the purpose (vrijeme Informbiroa/vreme informbiroa, razdoblje Informbiroa, doba Informbiroa etc.) but I'm struggling to find sources which use the term as a name and not descriptively. Therefore I'm not quite sure it is a common name within the meaning of the Wikipedia policy.

Furthermore, considering paucity of the term in English language sources, I'm not sure how easy it would be to find it for readers who speak only English, especially since life-span of the Cominform was only slightly longer and Informbiro period might be incorrectly interpreted to mean the period in which the Cominform existed.

I would not support a merge with the Tito-Stalin split article since it primarily deals with the events leading to and including the open split and underlying power struggle in the Balkans including Albania, Greece and Bulgaria as well as Yugoslavia, while this one primarily deals with complex consequences of the split in Yugoslavia alone.

I would like to therefore propose to move the article to a descriptive name (inspired by Aftermath of the September 11 attacks) to Aftermath of the Tito–Stalin split as a descriptive title and keep the current name as a redirect along with any other that might exist now. --Tomobe03 (talk) 00:41, 4 December 2020 (UTC)
 * I don't know mate, I actually think this is the common name for this period in the books I own, which include Serbo-Croatian as well as English ones. Peacemaker67 (click to talk to me) 00:51, 8 December 2020 (UTC)
 * Hm, maybe I'm wrong, I'll have another look.--Tomobe03 (talk) 03:13, 8 December 2020 (UTC)
 * Ok, perhaps I commented too soon before I checked the indexes. I looked again at Ramet and Vucinich (which are among the better general sources in English I have), and neither uses Informbiro predominantly, so maybe I'm wrong. Let's take a look at some Google Ngram results comparing the use of Informbiro, Tito-Stalin split and Soviet-Yugoslav split (which is how Ramet refers to it). Here are the results, which indicate that Tito-Stalin split is significantly more common than Soviet-Yugoslav split, and far more than Informbiro, so perhaps your original suggestion is actually the right solution. It is also more elegant and clearer about what the subject is. Informbiro is pretty obscure, after all. Peacemaker67 (click to talk to me) 06:23, 8 December 2020 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the analysis - I never saw that tool before. At least for now, it seems that the present title is not exactly common. It is not that there are no mentions of the "Informbiro period", but it is not that usual. I tried to squeeze into the text a mention of the term in order to note that it is sometimes, by some authors, applied to 1948-1955-ish period. I'll see if I can find a nicer ref for usage of the term though. --Tomobe03 (talk) 11:49, 8 December 2020 (UTC)

industry relocation?
There's a whole article about Relocation of Serbian industry during the Informbiro period, can someone knowledgeable figure it out? --Joy [shallot] (talk) 23:57, 19 January 2021 (UTC)

 * I don't know much about that from the top of my head. The article claims there was a strategy to intentionally inflict damage on one federated republic by the government of the federation not conditioned by defence concerns - which is hard to prove and harder to disprove (absence of evidence is not evidence of absence). While such a conspiracy is possible, it is also possible that the move reflected new geopolitical reality outside Yugoslavia. For example, consider this:
 * Before the WW2, Yugoslavia exported bulk of its bauxite to Germany and imported bulk of its aluminium from Germany. (S. Brkljača: Bosanskohercegovački boksit kao strateška sirovina 1918-1945, pp. 343-344) Presumably, shipping the latter via Danube would be the cheapest and it would make sense to have an aircraft factory in a population centre along the Danube such as Belgrade; I imagine one would be inclined to have production of aircraft in a place where aluminium can be delivered reliably
 * The best (i.e. the most cost-effective for production) bauxite in Yugoslavia was found in Lištica and Široki Brijeg area (i.e. near Mostar) - containing up to 60% of aluminium(III) oxide (Brkljača, p. 342)
 * After the Tito-Stalin split, i.e. during the Informbiro period, the only significant route of supply was by maritime shipping, and Port of Ploče was developed at about the same time (with an alumina terminal) to allow development of alumina and aluminium production in Mostar area. Moreover, the port was used to supply raw materials to the Mostar processing industry;
 * Yugoslavs were very short of fuel and rolling stock in the late 1940s and early 1950s and requested US assistance in that respect in the Informbiro period (see Woodward Susan L - Socialist Unemployment - The Political Economy of Yugoslavia 1945-1990, esp. p.104)
 * Yugoslavs requested and US discussed with the federal authorities development of various industries, especially metallurgy (Woodward p. 122)
 * In one instance (at the 5th KPJ Congress in 1948), Kardelj spoke of moving of a "Slovene" aluminium factory closer to its source of raw material - to a bauxite mine in Croatia, i.e. relocations of production facilities for economic reasons were not unheard of (Woodward p. 181)
 * None of the above means that the move to Mostar had economic motivation, but it indicates that there may be one. Even if there were an economic motive to move the plant to Mostar, there may have been a political motive too. All this being said, it seems to me that WP:EXTRAORDINARY applies there. I have not examined the article sources or researched what other sources say. While the article might be correct, the sources backing it would have to be quite substantial to support the claim of a purely punitive strategy without any consideration to defence or logistical (transport) concerns.--Tomobe03 (talk) 01:56, 20 January 2021 (UTC)

 * Of course, the above was just an example (the Mostar plant). A similar, even simpler argument could be made with e.g. foundry moved from Subotica where no significant iron or coal deposits exist for hundreds of kilometres, to Sarajevo where both are found nearby. Then again, "political plants" with no economic justification were no rare occurence in post-war Yugoslavia.--Tomobe03 (talk) 02:11, 20 January 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Informbiro period


text:
National Democratic Party of Liberia

The National Democratic Party of Liberia (NDPL) was a political party in Liberia.

The NDPL was formed in August 1984 by supporters of Samuel Doe, who came to power in the 1980 coup d'état. The party contested the 1985 general election with Doe as its presidential candidate. He won 50.93% of the vote in an election marred by allegations of extensive irregularities and electoral fraud. The NDPL dominated both chambers of the Legislature, winning 21 of 26 seats in the Senate and 51 of 64 in the House of Representatives. The party's control of the country ended following the outbreak of the First Liberian Civil War in 1989 and the assassination of Doe in 1990.

The party later contested the 1997 general election. George Boley, a former minister in the Doe administration, was the party's presidential candidate. He won only 1.26% of the vote, while the party failed to win any House or Senate seats.

Following the end of the Second Liberian Civil War, the party contested the 2005 general election. The NDPL's presidential candidate, Winston Tubman, placed fourth and won 9.2% of the vote. In concurrent legislative election, the party won two seats in the Senate and one in the House of Representatives.

The party was deregistered in May 2014.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: National Democratic Party of Liberia


text:
Kazuya Kamenashi

Kazuya Kamenashi (亀梨 和也) is a Japanese singer, actor, host, producer, magazine model and a member of KAT-TUN. Born and raised in Edogawa, Tokyo, he joined the Japanese talent agency, Johnny & Associates, at the age of 12.

He was drafted as a member and co-lead vocalist of the popular J-pop group KAT-TUN in 2001. He is also one half of the temporary group, Shūji to Akira, whose only single "Seishun Amigo" became the best-selling single of 2005 in Japan. Individually, he is a popular actor who has played the lead role in several television dramas.

Early life
Born in Edogawa, Tokyo on February 23, 1986, Kamenashi is the third child of his parents. He has two older brothers, Yūichirō and Kōji, and one younger brother, Yūya. He also has two sisters-in-law and a niece from his second brother's marriage and a nephew from his first brother's marriage. His given name comes from a character from the manga, Touch, written by a Japanese manga artist, Mitsuru Adachi. Coincidentally, bandmate Tatsuya Ueda was also named after the twin brother of Kamenashi's namesake.

An avid baseball fan and player like the character he was named after, Kamenashi once represented his country in the junior world league as shortstop though he had to give up the sport professionally due to lack of spare time after he was accepted into Johnny's Entertainment despite having the support of Johnny Kitagawa, the agency's president, to pursue both careers.

Acting career
In 2009, Kamenashi was cast in a live-action adaptation of a wine-themed manga, Kami no Shizuku, as the leading actor. Voters awarded him, his co-stars (Riisa Naka and Seiichi Tanabe) and the drama a near clean sweep of the winter edition of the Nikkan Sports Drama Grand Prix Awards in March 2009. He made a guest appearance as a doctor on the third episode of TBS drama series, Mr. Brain, opposite his talent agency senior Takuya Kimura. Kamenashi also made his film debut on July 11, 2009, reprising his role of Ryū Odagiri, now a trainee teacher in Gokusen The Movie. The movie earned half a billion yen in its opening weekend landing at the top spot of the box office and stayed in the top ten for six consecutive weeks. It later ranked at number 16 on Japan's 2009 yearly box office results raking in US$33,963,369 at the end of its run.

In 2010, he was cast in the leading role of Kyohei Takano for a live-action adaptation of popular manga, Yamato Nadeshiko Shichi Henge, which aired on NTV. It was named Best Drama by voters of the 13th Nikkan Sports Drama Grand Prix Awards in March 2010 while Kamenashi and his co-star, Aya Omasa, were also awarded Best Actor and Best Supporting Actress respectively.

In 2011, he took on a role as Bem from the adaptation of anime Yōkai Ningen Bem. He received Best Actor award from Nikkan Sports Drama Grand Prix and Television Drama Academy Awards that year. Following the success of the drama, Yōkai Ningen Bem was made into film in 2012. At the end of its run, the film had grossed US$12,628,578 gross.

In 2013, Kamenashi starred in the movie It's Me, It's Me. The movie premiered in 15th Udine Far East Film Festival Italy in April, and Kamenashi won the My Movie Audience Award.

In 2016, Kamenashi was cast in the drama, The Mysterious Thief Yamaneko, which was based on the novel "Kaito Tantei Yamaneko Series" by Manabu Kaminaga as Yamaneko.

In 2017, he appeared in the drama Boku unmei no hito desu alongside his former co-star from Nobuta wo produce, Tomohisa Yamashita. In March 2017 Kamenashi together with Tao Tsuchiya in Live Action Film popular Japanese shojo manga PとJK, Also in May 2017 he co-starring Lily Franky as supporting actor, in an independent film A Beautiful Star (美しい).

In 2018, he was back in filming drama series, taking the lead of Final Cut, (Fuji TV), He also appeared in TV Movie Tegami: Keigo Higashino (東野圭吾 手紙) Based on the popular novel Tegami by Keigo Higashino.

In 2019, He was cast alongside Fumi Nikaido as main in a re-make of a masterpiece Strawberry Night into Strawberry Night Saga (Fuji TV).

Modeling and fashion
Kamenashi walked the runway in 2008 for Hermès' men's autumn/winter 2008 collection in Tokyo. In 2010, Kamenashi won the annual Best Jeanist award with more than 29,000 votes in the men's category, almost triple that of the second runner-up, Masaki Aiba. This is his fifth consecutive win and is thus promoted into the hall of fame, making him Eternal Best Jeanist and ineligible for future runs.

Baseball
Kamenashi threw the first pitch at the Pacific League opening ceremony for the 2009 baseball season at a match in Chiba City featuring the Chiba Lotte Marines against the Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks on July 19, 2009.

Kamenashi participated in the Central League's Yomiuri Giants 23rd FanFiesta 2009 on November 23, 2009, and led his team to victory. He participated during the 1st inning as shortstop and for the 2nd and 3rd innings as pitcher. He belonged to the Black Rose Variety Team led by SMAP's Nakai Masahiro against the Giants Select Members Team.

In 2012, he was given the opportunity to do live coverage of Major League Baseball between Oakland Athletics and Yomiuri Giants. He also threw the ceremonial pitch against Jemile Weeks.

Kamenashi is a commentator and host on the sports shows ''Going! Sports&News and Dramatic Game''.

Social networking
2023 started with a New Year's greeting from Kamenashi on his newly opened Instagram. In the post, a stuffed turtle, a classic image linked to him because of the kanji in his last name, invites fans to follow him. Kamenashi was the first in KAT-TUN to open SNS.

title: Kazuya Kamenashi


text:
Boom! Shake the Room

"Boom! Shake the Room" is a song by American hip hop duo DJ Jazzy Jeff & The Fresh Prince. The track samples the 1973 song "Funky Worm" by the Ohio Players. Released on July 16, 1993 by Jive Records, as the second single from the duo's fifth studio album, Code Red (1993), the single peaked at numbers 13 and 12 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and Cash Box Top 100, as well as topping the charts of Australia, Ireland, Spain, and the United Kingdom. In Spain, it was a number-one hit for six weeks. Its music video was directed by American film director Scott Kalvert, featuring the duo performing onstage in front of a live crowd.

Critical reception
Larry Flick from Billboard described 'Boom! Shake the Room' as a "butt-shaggin' pop/hip-hop romp", remarking that the "highly danceable jam has a shouted, air-punching chorus that should work well in a live environment." Troy J. Augusto from Cash Box felt that it "slams harder than any single this duo has so far produced", noting that the "groovin' track boasts sing-a-long chorus that'll make Hammer blush for sure". Dave Sholin from the Gavin Report wrote, "With the success Will Smith's had as The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air, he and Jazzy Jeff will probably do more than just "shake the room" at some stations. School is out for summer and the duo's latest has potential to light up those request lines." Australian music channel Max included it in their list of "1000 Greatest Songs of All Time" in 2018.

A reviewer from Music & Media said, "It looks like they're having a party on the border between hip hoponia and the land of swingbeat. Shake it, don't fake it!" James Hamilton from Music Week's RM Dance Update deemed it a "'Jump Around' type ultra frenetic jaunty rap jiggler". Wendi Cermak from The Network Forty wrote, "Here we have a song that everyone who's anyone is talking about. Currently in heavy rotation in On the Tip, this jam has picked up over 300 plays in its first week!" Simon Williams from NME felt it's "a poor man's 'Shamrocks and Shenanigans (Boom Shalock Lock Boom)' and hence is a waste of a damn good title." Gavin Reeve from Smash Hits gave it five out of five and named it Best New Single. He described it as "power rap", and concluded that 'Boom! Shake the Room' "will be exploding on turntables everywhere this summer."

Chart performance
"Boom! Shake the Room" was successful on the charts on several continents. In Europe, the song topped the charts in the Republic of Ireland, Spain (6 weeks), and the UK. In the latter country, it peaked at the top of the UK Singles Chart on September 19, 1993 – for the week ending date September 25, 1993 – during its third week on the chart, becoming Smith's first and Townes' only chart-topping song in Britain. The song spent two weeks at the top and 15 weeks within the UK Top 100, including two weeks on the chart again in 1995 (number 40 and 57). It also peaked within the top ten of the charts in Denmark (6), Germany (8), and Switzerland (8), as well as on the European Hot 100, where it peaked at number seven in October 1993. It debuted on the chart at number 55 on 18 September, after charting in the Netherlands and UK. On the European Dance Radio Chart by Music & Media, it reached number four. Additionally, the single was a top-20 hit in Austria (17), the Netherlands (18), and Sweden (12).

In North America, in the duo's native United States, "Boom! Shake the Room" peaked at numbers 13 and 12 on the Billboard Hot 100 and Cash Box Top 100, number 21 on the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart and number six on the Billboard Dance Singles Sales chart. In Oceania, it topped the ARIA singles chart in Australia for one week, as well as peaking at number two on the Top 40 Singles chart in New Zealand for two weeks, behind Inner Circle's "Sweat (A La La La La Long)" and Bitty McLean's "It Keeps Rainin' (Tears from My Eyes)".

"Boom! Shake the Room" earned a gold record in Germany (250,000) and the United States (600,000), a silver record in the United Kingdom (200,000), and a platinum record in Australia (70,000) and New Zealand (10,000).

Track listings

 * UK CD1
 * 1) "Boom! Shake the Room" (LP version) – 3:51
 * 2) "Boom! Shake the Room" (club radio mix) – 3:55
 * 3) "Boom! Shake the Room" (Street remix) – 4:30
 * 4) "Boom! Shake the Room" (Mr. Lee's club mix) – 5:02
 * 5) "Boom! Shake the Room" (Mr. Lee's extended club mix) – 5:55
 * 6) "Boom! Shake the Room" (LP instrumental) – 4:12
 * 7) "Boom! Shake the Room" (Street Remix Bonus Beats) – 4:17

 * UK CD2
 * 1) "Boom! Shake the Room" (LP version) - 3:51
 * 2) "Summertime" (7-inch mix) – 3:57
 * 3) "Parents Just Don't Understand" (single remix) – 2:59
 * 4) "Girls Ain't Nothing but Trouble" (shorter single edit) – 3:58

 * Cassette single
 * 1) "Boom! Shake the Room" (LP version) – 3:51
 * 2) "Summertime" (7-inch mix) – 3:57

 * European single
 * 1) "Boom! Shake the Room" (LP version) – 3:51
 * 2) "From Da South" – 3:14

 * UK 1995 re-issue
 * 1) "Boom! Shake the Room" (Hula's tadio temix) – 3:35
 * 2) "Boom! Shake the Room" (LP version) – 3:51
 * 3) "Boom! Shake the Room" (Street remix) – 4:30
 * 4) "Boom! Shake the Room" (Hula's dub) – 5:31
 * 5) "Boom! Shake the Room" (Club radio mix) – 3:55
 * 6) "Boom! Shake the Room" (Mr. Lee's club mix) – 5:02
 * 7) "Boom! Shake the Room" (Hula's extended remix) – 6:09

Cover versions
On July 2, 2010, Australian band Art vs. Science performed a version of Boom! Shake The Room live at the Splendour in the Grass festival, which was recorded by Triple J radio and released on the band's 2010 EP Magic Fountain.

On August 30, 2010, British metal band Sa-da-kO released a free download of their cover of the song. The band also performed the song live at Bloodstock Open Air Festival 2012.

From around 2012, British singer songwriter Dave McPherson of the band InME started performing a cover at his live shows.

British guitarist and singer songwriter MJ Hibbett has performed this regularly at live shows.

In 2013, British post-hardcore band The Blackout recorded a cover version as a bonus track on their fourth studio album Start the Party.

title: Boom! Shake the Room


text: Category:Will Smith songs

title: Category:Will Smith songs


text:
Barden Ridge, New South Wales

Barden Ridge is a suburb in southern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Barden Ridge is located 29 kilometres south of the Sydney central business district in the local government area of the Sutherland Shire. Barden Ridge is colloquially known to locals as 'The Ridge'.

Location
Barden Ridge is located on the Woronora River, which flows north into the Georges River. 'The Needles' is a body of water (ria) on the Woronora River, on one of the original roads west from Helensburgh. On the northern side of the ria lies the fresh water source of the Woronora River, whilst on the other side is salt water. The water, between two steep hills, remains so cold that even during summer it has been known to have caused heart attacks. While car access has been generally blocked, pedestrian access is still available. This area is also popular for recreational activities such as hiking and mountain biking.

Barden Ridge has shifted from a remote bushland area to an exclusive suburb that now contains all the necessary amenities that have established a strong community.

History
Barden Ridge was named after Alfred Barden, whose pioneering family is associated with the Bangor area prior to the 1850s. In early times Barden Ridge had been used to identify the geographical location which was later given to the suburb that developed here. The suburb was originally named Lucas Heights.

The land was originally home to the Dharawal People.

The area has faced several extreme bushfire incidents, with the most notable evacuation occurring in the early 2000s.

Demographics
According to the 2016 census of Population, there were 4,329 residents in Barden Ridge. 83.0% of people were born in Australia. The next most common country of birth was England at 2.8%. 85.0% of people spoke only English at home. The most common responses for religious affiliation were Catholic 29.9%, Anglican 22.9%, No Religion 16.9% and Eastern Orthodox 5.0%.

Transport
The nearest train station is at Sutherland on the Sydney Trains Illawarra railway line. There is also another close railway station at Padstow. U-Go Mobility operates the local bus service.

In 2005, the Bangor Bypass was completed. It takes motorists directly from Sutherland to Barden Ridge, instead of passing through Menai and Bangor. A new section of the Bypass was constructed and passes by Barden Ridge improving the current access to the area and Heathcote Road (to the south).

Sport and recreation
The Ridge Sports Complex is a major sporting facility on the western side of New Illawarra Road. It features playing fields and associated amenities buildings, netball courts, men's shed, dog park, BMX track, synthetic athletics track, a golf driving range, The Ridge Golf Course, and club facilities to service the needs of the sporting and golfing community. Also planned for this area are hockey fields.

There is also another Baseball/AFL oval and a park directly adjacent to Lucas Heights Community School, which itself has two sporting fields and three basketball courts. Shire Christian School also has a sporting field and two multi-use tennis courts. There are other parks and nature reserves scattered throughout the suburb.

Barden Ridge is home to the Barden Ridgebacks Football Club, the Barden Ridgebacks Netball Club, the Shire R/C Aircraft club, Illawong Marlins Baseball Club and The Barden Ridge Comets Cricket Team.

Schools
Barden Ridge has two schools: Lucas Heights Community School [K–12] and Shire Christian School.

Churches
St Paul's Anglican Church and the Sutherland Reformed Church.

Politics
Barden Ridge has a long Liberal Party history, which only changed in recent memory during the stalled construction of the Woronora Bridge. It comes under the Federal seat of Hughes, which is currently held by Liberal MP, Jenny Ware. In State Government, it comes under the seat of Holsworthy, which is currently held by the Liberal MP, Tina Ayyad. In Local Government, Barden Ridge falls under Sutherland Shire E Ward, which has three representatives.

Emergency Services
Barden Ridge has its own Bushfire Brigade station and is served by the very close by Menai Police Station, NSW Ambulance Station and Fire and Rescue NSW Brigade.

Aged Care
The suburb is home to the Barden Lodge Retirement Home.

Notable residents

 * Home and Away and Blue Water High star Rebecca Breeds attended Shire Christian School.

title: Barden Ridge, New South Wales


text:
List of Phyllanthaceae genera

Below is the full taxonomy of the family Phyllanthaceae. Its circumscription is nearly coincident to that of ex-subfamily Phyllanthoideae of the Euphorbiaceae, where this family was split from. The exceptions are that the ex-tribe Drypeteae has become family Putranjivaceae, and the genus Centroplacus, which previously constituted tribe Centroplaceae, is now part of the Pandaceae.

Tribe Amanoeae
There are 2 genera:
 * Amanoa (also called Micropetalum)
 * Pentabrachion

Tribe Antidesmateae
There are 5 subtribes and 19 genera:

Subtribe Antidesminae:
 * Antidesma (also Bestram, Coulejia, Minutalia, Rhytis, Rubina, Stilago)
 * Celianella
 * Hieronyma (also Hieronima, Hyeronima, Stilaginella)
 * Leptonema
 * Thecacoris (also Baccaureopsis, Cyathogyne, Henribaillonia)

Subtribe Porantherinae:
 * Oreoporanthera
 * Poranthera

Subtribe Scepinae:
 * Apodiscus
 * Aporosa (also Aporusa, Leiocarpus, Lepidostachys, Scepa, Tetractinostigma)
 * Ashtonia
 * Baccaurea (also Adenocrepis, Calyptroon, Coccomelia, Everettiodendron, Gatnaia, Hedycarpus, Microsepala, Pierardia)
 * Distichirhops
 * Jablonskia
 * Maesobotrya (also Staphysora)
 * Nothobaccaurea
 * Protomegabaria
 * Richeria (also Bellevalia, Guarania)

Subtribe Spondianthinae:
 * Spondianthus (also Megabaria)

Subtribe Uapacinae:
 * Uapaca (also Canariastrum)

Tribe Bischofieae
There is only one genus:
 * Bischofia (also Microelus, Stylodiscus)

Tribe Bridelieae
There are 2 genera:
 * Bridelia (also Candelabria, Gentilia, Pentameria, Tzellemtinia)
 * Cleistanthus (also Clistanthus, Godefroya, Kaluhaburunghos, Lebidiera, Lebidieropsis, Leiopyxis, Nanopetalum, Neogoetzia, Paracleisthus, Schistostigma, Stenonia, Stenoniella, Zenkerodendron)

Tribe Hymenocardieae
There are 2 genera:
 * Didymocistus
 * Hymenocardia

Tribe Martretieae
There is only one genus:
 * Martretia

Tribe Phyllantheae
There are 6 subtribes and 18 genera:

Subtribe Andrachinae:
 * Andrachne (also Eraeliss, Thelypotzium)

Subtribe Astrocasiinae:
 * Astrocasia

Subtribe Flueggeinae:
 * Breynia (also Foersteria, Forsteria, Melanthes, Melanthesa, Melanthesopsis)
 * Flueggea (also Bessera, Colmeiroa, Geblera, Neowawraea, Pleiostemon, Villanova)
 * Glochidion (also Agyneia, Bradleia, Bradleja, Coccoglochidion, Diasperus, Episteira, Glochidionopsis, Glochisandra, Gynoon, Lobocarpus, Pseudoglochidion, Tetraglochidion, Zarcoa)
 * Margaritaria (also Calococcus, Prosorus, Wurtzia, Zygospermum)
 * Phyllanthus (also Anisonema, Aporosella, Arachnodes, Ardinghalia, Asterandra, Cathetus, Ceramanthus, Chorisandra, Cicca, Clambus, Conami, Dendrophyllanthus, Dicholactina, Dimorphocladium, Emblica, Epistylium, Eriococcus, Fluggeopsis, Genesiphylla, Hemicicca, Hemiglochidion, Kirganelia, Leichhardtia, Lomanthes, Maborea, Macraea, Menarda, Mirobalanus, Moeroris, Nellica, Niruri, Nymania, Nymphanthus, Orbicularia, Oxalistylis, Ramsdenia, Reidia, Reverchonia, Rhopium, Roigia, Scepasma, Staurothylax, Synexemia, Tricarium, Uranthera, Urinaria, Williamia, Xylophylla)
 * Richeriella
 * Sauropus (also Aalius, Breyniopsis, Ceratogynum, Diplomorpha, Heterocalymnantha, Hexadena, Hexaspermum, Ibina, Synastemon, Synostemon)

Subtribe Leptopinae:
 * Leptopus (also Arachne, Chorisandrachne, Hexakestra, Hexakistra)

Subtribe Pseudolachnostylidinae:
 * Chascotheca (also Chaenotheca)
 * Keayodendron
 * Meineckia (also Cluytiandra, Neopeltandra, Peltandra)
 * Pseudolachnostylis
 * Zimmermannia
 * Zimmermanniopsis

Subtribe Securineginae:
 * Securinega

Tribe Wielandieae
It comprises 10 genera:

 * Actephila (also Anomospermum, Lithoxylon)
 * Blotia
 * Chonocentrum
 * Discocarpus
 * Gonatogyne
 * Heywoodia
 * Lachnostylis
 * Petalodiscus
 * Savia (also Charidia, Geminaria, Kleinodendron, Maschalanthus)
 * Wielandia

title: List of Phyllanthaceae genera


text:
User:Supermoo

Moo, I like to spellcheck.

title: User:Supermoo


text:
Phu Phan

Phu Phan may refer to:
 * Amphoe Phu Phan, a district of Sakon Nakhon Province, northeast Thailand
 * Phu Phan Mountains, a range of hills dividing the Khorat Plateau of Thailand
 * Phu Phan National Park, a park in Sakon Nakhon Province

title: Phu Phan


text:
Dinocroc

Dinocroc is a 2004 American horror film directed by Kevin O'Neill. The film's plot revolves around a genetically engineered Suchomimus terrorizing the lake-side residents of a small town. The film stars Matthew Borlenghi, Jane Longenecker, Charles Napier, Costas Mandylor, Bruce Weitz, and Joanna Pacuła.

The film received a limited theatrical release in early 2004. before premiering on the Syfy Channel in April of that year. It was followed by two sequels, Supergator and Dinocroc vs. Supergator, as well as a spin-off film, Dinoshark. Upon release, the film received negative reviews from critics and audiences.

It later received a Golden Galaxy award.

Plot
A large carnivorous dinosaur from the Cretaceous period of Northern Africa, with a head resembling one of a crocodilian, is found which could grow up to 50 feet long. Dr. Campbell (Bruce Weitz) uses its DNA with a modern-day crocodile to create two hybrids of it at Paula Kennedy's Genetic Research Co. (Gereco) lab. One creature kills Dr. Campbell's assistant and the other creature before escaping. This information is kept from Sheriff Harper (Napier) by Kennedy, stating the dead creature killed Campbell's assistant. His daughter, county dog catcher Diane Harper, helps her ex-welding artist, Tom Banning, and his 12-year-old brother Michael Banning (Jake Thomas) find their three-legged dog, Lucky, who was lost a few days earlier.

Meanwhile, Kennedy sends a trapper to feed the Dinocroc (the animal still being on Gereco Property). The trapper uses Lucky as bait, but Lucky runs away and the Dinocroc quickly kills the trapper soon after. Later in the morning Diane and Tom find Lucky running around in the woods and try to catch him, unaware that the Dinocroc is lurking nearby, but Dr. Campbell saves them by shooting at it. Kennedy then hires an Australian crocodile hunter, Dick Sydney (Costas Mandylor), to help kill the Dinocroc after it is discovered to have killed two hunters in the woods (leaving behind one of their guns). Later that night, Michael sneaks out to look for Lucky when he witnesses the creature. The Dinocroc chases Michael through the forest into a tool shed situated on a dock above the water. Dinocroc then gets under the shed (tearing the dock to pieces in the process) and kills Michael from below.

The next day, not having noticed that Michael has gone, Tom, Diane, Dick and Campbell find that the creature is headed toward the town's lakeside beach. It kills three people, the last one being Campbell. In a press conference after the incident, Kennedy lies that Campbell was not part of Gereco. Sheriff Harper then plans to kill the creature with his police force and Diane. While looking for it, they stumble upon Michael's damaged bike and Michael's remains in the ruined shed. Tom, who knows Michael is missing, appears on his motorbike and then speeds away after seeing what is left of his dead brother. After trying to get drunk, Tom cries loudly over his brother and is met by Dick Sydney who is also there to unwind. Sydney explains to Tom how a crocodile killed his son and that is the reason he hunts them. Diane also arrives to comfort Tom along with Lucky. Meanwhile, five of Sheriff Harper's officers are brutally killed by the Dinocroc while searching the swamp for the cause and their mutilated remains were found shortly after.

The next day, Tom, Diane and others devise a plan to trap the Dinocroc in a tunnel and gas him to death. Sheriff Harper uses some dogs for bait, which Diane and Tom immediately object to, so Harper has them handcuffed and put in the police car. The two manage to escape and use a blowtorch to release the chained dogs while the creature chases them. They trap the Dinocroc in the tunnel and gas him, seemingly killing it.

While a local news crew is taping Kennedy (who arrived after the creature's death) inside the tunnel, telling the reporter false stories about the events, the Dinocroc awakens; it then kills Kennedy and comes after Tom and Diane, who are left after the news crew drives away quickly in terror. After hiding under a truck, they hear a train and lure the Dinocroc across the tracks. It is rammed by a passing train, followed by Tom stabbing it in the eye to the brain with a small pipe as revenge for Michael's death. As the sun rises the next day, Diane and Tom drive away, contemplating leaving for a vacation together just to get away for a while. Then the camera pans slowly back as their truck passes and the Dinocroc is seen walking weakly across the road.

Cast

 * Costas Mandylor as Dick Sydney
 * Charles Napier as Sheriff Harper
 * Bruce Weitz as Dr. Campbell
 * Matthew Borlenghi as Tom Banning (Matt Borlenghi)
 * Jane Longenecker as Diane Harper
 * Max Perlich as Deputy Kerrigan
 * Jake Thomas as Michael Banning
 * Kerri Hemmington as Annie Dexter
 * Price Carson as Edwin Danders
 * Joanna Pacula as Paula Kennedy
 * Jamie Akhavi as Judith
 * Ezekel Cruz as Pool Player

Music
Composer Damon Ebner created background music for the creature, similar to that in Jaws. Every time the creature is near, attacks, or chases a victim, the background music, which was made up of orchestral and choir, accompanies it.

Sequels
After Corman produced Dinocroc in 2004, he proposed a sequel to be named Dinocroc 2, but Sci-Fi Channel turned down the project after claiming that sequels did not do well for them. In 2007, Corman decided to go ahead with the project, but under the name Supergator.

In 2010, Roger Corman produced a third and fourth film, Dinoshark, about a prehistoric shark, and Dinocroc vs. Supergator, which featured the two creatures from Corman's earlier films battling one another. In the film, Dinocroc and Supergator escape from captivity (Dinocroc was possibly recaptured, while they possibly created a clone of Supergator since the original Supergator had died in the previous film). It first aired on Syfy on June 26, 2010, was directed by Jim Wynorski and starred David Carradine and John Callahan.

Reception
On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has three reviews, all negative.

David Nusair of Reel Film Reviews gave it 1 out of 4 and called it "a typically cheesy straight-to-video monster flick". Kevin Carr of 7M Pictures gave it 2.5 out of 5 and wrote: "With a name like Dinocroc, you know you ain't getting 2001: A Space Odyssey. You're not even getting 2001: A Space Travesty. If you don't like stupid monster movies, skip this one."

Awards
The film received a Golden Galaxy Award from the American Science Fiction Society.

title: Dinocroc


text:
Barbara Goleman

Barbara Ann Goleman is an American secondary-school teacher of English literature and winner of the 1969 National Teacher of the Year award.

Biography
Goleman was born and raised in Florida. She earned her B.A. in 1952 and M.A. in 1954 at Florida State University.

She began teaching at Miami Jackson High School in 1954 to help repay her college loan. When she began, the school's enrollment was 90% white middle-class students, but after the 1954 Supreme Court ruling on school desegregation, Florida began to admit black students to white schools beginning in 1963. By 1966 the student body at Miami Jackson High School was 85% black poor. Goleman helped develop new programs and demonstrated a caring attitude toward students to build academic success.

She was awarded the 1969 National Teacher of the Year Award for her achievements. She was the first southerner to win the award in 18 years. She received the award on 28 April 1969 from President Richard M. Nixon in a White House ceremony.

Barbara Goleman High School, opened in 1995, was named in her honor.

title: Barbara Goleman


text:
User talk:Demagorgon

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks.--Pharos 11:18, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Demagorgon


text:
Talk:Slovenian language/Slovene vs Slovenian (guidelines)

To read or comment a convention on using the terms Slovenian and Slovene, see: Naming conventions (Slovenian vs Slovene).


text:
Bankside Pier

Bankside Pier is a stop for river services in London. It is located on the south bank of the River Thames, close to the Tate Modern.

Three services call at the pier: the river bus routes RB1 (between Battersea Power Station and Barking Riverside) and RB2 (from here to Vauxhall (St George Wharf) Pier and Millbank Pier for the Tate Britain). The third service is the Circular Cruise Westminster which goes to Westminster via St Katherine's.

Other public transport nearby

 * Southwark tube station (Jubilee line)
 * Blackfriars station (Circle and District lines & Thameslink) - on the north side of the River Thames

title: Bankside Pier


text:
Talk:United Party (South Africa)

Untitled
"Although more moderate than its National Party opponents, the United Party was committed to white supremacy." This seems a bit POV. According to In Search of History, Grade 12 (Mulaudzi, Bottaro and Visser): "There were disagreements over racial policies, because some United Party members were opposed to segregation." --Taejo 11:19, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

Anglo African Party
"It is often said that the United Party was a more Anglo-African party." I think this can be proved by various means, such as public opinion surveys and geographical distribution of votes. I'm looking for relevant data.Dynzmoar 11:08, 4 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Well, the only thing that I know is that it was generaly seen as a party that representet the "English" population of whites. But the party also had many Afrikaner voters, so it would be wrong to say that it was only a Anglo-African party. Well, it was actually myself who wrote that line and it has proven to be wrong in many ways, so I think that should be edited. Dr.Poison 21:31, 5 October 2006 (UTC)

Infobox
I think the "Politics & Government of South Africa" infobox should only appear in the articles of political parties that are currently active. Unless someone disagrees, I will remove it. — Gk sa (talk) 18:35, 23 April 2011 (UTC)

Ideology
There is confusion and contradiction between the statement that the party "tacitly supporting apartheid" and was "against apartheid as a system". The party opposed Apartheid, but did not oppose white minority rule. That would be a more accurate way to state the scenario. There is a big difference between apartheid and white rule.
 * Jan Smuts, who dragged South Africa into two senseless wars, actually invented "Apartheid", not in name but in concept "parallel development": https://archive.org/details/JanSmutsNativePolicyInAfricaInventingApartheid --154.69.56.130 (talk) 19:27, 15 April 2017 (UTC)

Acceptance of apartheid?
I do not believe that it is correct to say that the United Party was "tacitly supporting apartheid". It opposed apartheid. It is important not to equate a primarily white electoral roll (AKA White rule) with apartheid. Apartheid did not exist before 1948. The National Party introduced apartheid, the United Party opposed that. Similarly I don't think it is correct to say that the party lacked "commitment to a clear policy on race relations". It did have a policy - continued white majority rule. The National Party supported this too, but also supported segregation and the eventual separation of the races. It is definitely not correct that the National Party supporting "preserving white supremacy at all costs". Neither party was white supremacist.Royalcourtier (talk) 04:26, 15 January 2016 (UTC)
 * The rhetoric of the parties may have been different, but it is incorrect to say that the "United Party" opposed "Apartheid". In fact, their leader and icon Jan Smuts was the first and foremost theoretician of this. He just called it differently "parallel development". The term "Apartheid" itself was only on several National Party documents. The official documents use the term "Separate Development", which in theory means that the distinguishable population groups should develop in accordance with their own characteristics and capabilities. In practice there is of course far more to it with bureaucrats and interest groups being involved that may have diverging agendas. Ironically the National Party may have been more liberal in many ways than the United Party, although it's commonly portrayed in the opposite way --41.146.43.231 (talk) 19:13, 30 November 2016 (UTC)

Headquarters -???
All articles relating to this topic are found in 1(One) article & seem to follow a pattern in terms of layout.

Please arrange it accordingly as this one missed to mention headquarters. Twaz Bad (talk) 18:20, 22 September 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:United Party (South Africa)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Diana Court

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was to delete the article. --Canderson7 15:14, September 6, 2005 (UTC)

Diana Court
Non-notable suburban street Cnwb 11:19, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - nn street Halo 12:01, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Agree, delete, nn feydey 12:53, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn Ryan Norton T 15:34, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per above. Jaxl | talk 15:44, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Magas of Egypt

Magas (Greek Mάγας; 241 BC - 221 BC) was a grandson of Magas of Cyrene, being a son of Ptolemy Euergetes (246–221 BC) and Berenice. He was put to death by his brother Ptolemy Philopator (221–204 BC), soon after the accession of the latter, at the instigation of Sosibius.

title: Magas of Egypt


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Sandugo Festival

The Sandugo Festival is an annual historical celebration that takes place every year in Tagbilaran City on the island of Bohol in the Philippines. This festival commemorates the Treaty of Friendship between Datu Sikatuna, a chieftain in Bohol, and Spanish conquistador Miguel López de Legazpi. This 16th-century peace treaty occurred on March 16, 1565 through a blood compact or "sandugo".

The Sandugo Festival is held every July. The Tagbilaran City Charter Day on July 1 kicks off the month-long festival with a holy mass, diana, motorcade and program sponsored by the City Government of Tagbilaran. Among the major activities during the month are the Miss Bohol Sandugo Beauty Pageant and the Sandugo Street Dancing Competition, which is usually held on the 3rd or 4th Sunday of July, and organized by the Bohol Sandugo Foundation.

Sandugo Street Dancing Competition
The competition attracts participants from schools, the city and municipal governments, Boholano organizations abroad, and contingents from other provinces. The competition starts at noon at the City Pier, passes through major streets, and culminates at the Pres. Carlos P. Garcia Sports Complex, where a Sandugo Re-enactment is held. The winners receive thousands of pesos in prizes.

As well as activities organized by the city and provincial governments and by the BSFI, there are nightly shows and a trade/food fair at the City Pier, a product showcase, concerts, medical and surgical missions.

Street Dancing Champions
There were no competitions from 2005-2007. In 2005 and 2006, Champions from around the country like Masskara, Ati-atihan, etc., performed. In 2007, 30 local contingents participated in an exhibition performance.

The Bohol Sandugo Foundation, Inc.
Due to the inadequate support coming from both government and private sectors coupled with the dwindling public interest in the yearly celebration of the Sandugo Festival, the Bohol Sandugo Foundation, Inc. (BSFI) was organized in 1991. Since then, the BSFI has ably spearheaded the celebration of the Sandugo and has made significant efforts in reviving a nationwide interest in the event which has now become a magnetic byword in the tourism industry.

Tigum Bol-anon Sa Tibuok Kalibutan
Every two years, the "Tigum Bol-anon Sa Tibuok Kalibutan" (English: A Gathering of Boholanos Around the World) or TBTK is held in unison with the Sandugo Festival. This gathering is organized by the Confederation of Boholanos in the US and Canada or CONBUSAC, which aims to gather Boholanos from all over for a celebration of unity. Among the activities conducted by the TBTK is the Search for Mrs. Bohol International and Miss Bohol International, CONBUSAC Convention, Awarding of Outstanding Boholanos, medical and surgical missions (in cooperation with the BSFI), and others.

The 2010 Sandugo Festival
The 2010 theme is "Sandugo at 22: Onward for Unity and Progress". The schedule of events are as follows:
 * July 1 – Tagbilaran City's 44th Charter Anniversary at the City Hall Atrium
 * July 1–31 - Trade/Food Fair at the City Pier
 * July 16 - Miss Bohol Sandugo Pageant & Coronation Night at the Bohol Cultural Center
 * July 21–25 - DTI Sandugo Product Showcase at the Block, Island City Mall
 * July 22 - 156th Bohol Day Celebration at the Bohol Cultural Center
 * July 25 - Sandugo Street Dancing, City Pier to CPG Sports Complex

title: Sandugo Festival


text:
After the Fall

After the Fall may refer to:

Literature

 * After the Fall, a review of September 11-related novels
 * After the Fall (play), a 1964 play by Arthur Miller
 * After the Fall (Sheckley), a 1980 book edited by Robert Sheckley
 * Angel: After the Fall, a comic book series

Music

 * "After the Fall", a song by Klaus Nomi from the 1982 album Simple Man
 * "After the Fall" (song), a song by Journey, 1983
 * "After the Fall," a song by Elvis Costello on the album Mighty Like a Rose, 1991
 * After the Fall (band), an Australian musical group begun in 2000
 * After the Fall (Mary Coughlan album), 1997
 * After the Fall (98 Mute album), 2002
 * After the Fall (After the Fall album), 2004
 * After the Fall (Keith Jarrett album), 2018
 * "After the Fall", a song by Trans-Siberian Orchestra from the album Beethoven's Last Night, 2012

Film and television

 * After the Fall (2014 film), an American film
 * After the Fall (1974 film), an American television film
 * "After the Fall" (CSI episode), a CSI: Miami episode

Game

 * After the Fall (2021), Cross-Platform VR Shooter from Vertigo Games

title: After the Fall


text:
Savonian dialects

The Savonian dialects (also called Savo Finnish) (Savolaismurteet) are forms of the Finnish language spoken in Savonia and other parts of Eastern Finland. Finnish dialects are grouped broadly into Eastern and Western varieties; Savonian dialects are of the Eastern variety.

Savonian dialects are the most widely distributed Finnish dialect group (setting aside the higher-level east/west split mentioned above). They are spoken in the Savonia region (in both North and South Savo), but also in North Karelia, parts of Päijät-Häme, Central Finland, Kainuu, Koillismaa district of Northern Ostrobothnia, the lake section between Southern and Central Ostrobothnia as far north as Evijärvi and in the municipalities of Pudasjärvi and the Southern part of Ranua in Lapland. Also the language spoken by forest settlers in Värmland and Norwegian Hedmark of Central Scandinavia belonged to the old Savonian dialects. The geographical area the Savonian dialects cover makes up one-third the area of Finland.

To speak Savonian is sometimes referred to as speaking with a "crooked chin" (viäräleuka, or vääräleuka in standard Finnish).

History
The Savonian dialects are of different origin than Western Finnish dialects. Savonian dialects form a dialect continuum with other Eastern dialects of Finnish and the Karelian language, with whom they have common ancestry in the Proto-Karelian language spoken in the coast of Lake Ladoga in the Iron Age.

Features
Although the Savonian dialects are spread over a large geographical area with significant variations, they are rather different from the standard language and are recognized as local dialects. There are large variations between different Savonian dialects, but a few of the most stereotypical features are the following.

Vowels

 * 1) Where standard Finnish has a diphthong, Savo may have a narrower diphthong or long vowel. Conversely, where standard Finnish has a long vowel, Savo may have a diphthong.
 * 2) * as the second element of a diphthong lowers to, e.g. laeta for laita "side", söe for söi "ate".
 * 3) * lower similarly to, or they may assimilate completely to produce a long vowel, e.g. kaoppa or kaappa for standard Finnish kauppa "store", täönnä or täännä for täynnä "full".
 * 4) *When standard occur in an initial syllable (and thus have primary stress), they become opening diphthongs. In some varieties these are pronounced as, but in most varieties these diphthongs are wider: . Thus many Savo speakers have mua for Standard Finnish maa "land, country, ground", and have piä for pää "head".
 * 5) Word-final of standard Finnish correspond to Savonian  respectively. Thus Savonians say rieskoo, lähtekee, and lirisöö for standard rieskaa, lähtekää, and lirisee.
 * 6) When both would be unstressed, the otherwise bisyllabic combinations of o/ö/e followed by a/ä are produced as monosyllabic long vowels when no consonant intervenes. For instance, Savonian dialects have ruskee for ruskea "brown", and have kyntöö for kyntöä "plowing (partitive)". (This change is not specific to Savonian dialects and is found in most forms of spoken Finnish today.)
 * 7) An epenthetic vowel is inserted after a medial syllable coda of, or, in certain cases, , e.g. vanaha (standard vanha "old").
 * 8) *The epenthetic vowel is often identical in quality to the preceding vowel. However, if the first of the non-epenthetic vowels is high and the second is low, the epenthetic vowel may be mid (but preserves the roundness specification of the preceding vowel). Thus silimä and silemä are different Savonian forms for standard Finnish silmä "eye", and kylymä and kylömä are Savonian version of kylmä "cold".

Consonants

 * 1) Savonian dialects have re-developed palatalized consonants (which were lost in Proto-Finnic). The consonants that can be palatalized are those that are coronal: l, n, t, r, s. Palatalization of these consonants occurs word-finally, in contexts where a consonant is followed by in standard Finnish. Orthographically, palatalization is often denoted by $⟨Cj⟩$, where C is the palatalized consonant. Examples include $⟨kotj⟩$  and $⟨moottorj⟩$  (standard Finnish koti, moottori).
 * 2) Singleton consonants are geminated when they occur after a (primarily or secondarily) stressed short syllable and before a long vowel. Thus männöö, sattaa, opettelloo replace standard menee, sataa, opettelee. This gemination is fed by the process described point 3 of the preceding section: Native Savonians do not say that they speak savoa; they say that they speak savvoo (sa.vo.a sa.voo  sav.voo).
 * 3) *In the eastern Savonian dialects, this gemination is more general; it applies to non-singleton consonants (pelttoo, cf. standard peltoa), to consonants that don't ordinarily participate in the consonant gradation process, and after unstressed short vowels (hiihtämmään, cf. standard hiihtämään}).
 * 4) The word-final of standard Finnish corresponds to a variety of consonants in Savo, depending on the environment in which it occurs.
 * 5) *When the next word begins with a vowel, /n/ is replaced with a glottal stop $⟨'⟩$. For example, the genitive case, marked by in the standard language, is marked with a glottal stop in the Savonian phrase isä' iän (standard isän ääni "father's voice").
 * 6) *Word-final assimilates to consonants that follow it, yielding a geminate consonant; mieler rauha contrasts with standard mielen rauha. Unlike standard Finnish, Savonian Finnish permits gemination of  and, which gives examples like jäniksej jäläki (standard jäniksen jälki) in addition.
 * 7) All syllable-initial consonants except the last one (which contacts the nucleic vowel) are systematically and completely removed in loanwords, e.g. raktorj (standard traktori).
 * 8) The weak grade of, in contrast to standard Finnish, is never . In Savo the weak grade of this consonant may be , , , , or may simply be null.
 * 9) * occurs between a long back vowel/diphthong and a short back vowel: haavan, haovvan for standard haudan.
 * 10) * occurs between a long front vowel/diphthong and a short front vowel: teijjän for standard teidän.
 * 11) * weakens to or is null following another instance of : nähhä or nähä for standard nähdä.
 * 12) *If none of the above apply, the weak form may remain as : tätin for standard tädin.
 * 13) The consonant sequences found in standard Finnish (whose weak grade is likewise  in the standard language) are not found in Savonian dialects. Depending on the specific Savonian dialect they use, a Savo speaker may have:
 * 14) * (weak grade ), thus mehtä, mehän instead of standard metsä, metsän "forest, forest's".
 * 15) * (weak grade ), thus mehtä, metän.
 * 16) * (weak grade ), thus messä, mesän.

Morphology and syntax

 * The use of the -loi plural suffix is more general than in other dialects, including standard Finnish. For instance risti "cross" has the plural partitive form ristilöitä (standard Finnish: ristejä).

 * Although standard and known elsewhere, the usage of verb compounds is particularly prevalent in Savo Finnish and a prolific source of creative expressions. The first verb is in the infinitive and indicates the action, and the second verb is inflected and indicates the manner. For example, seistä toljotat "you stand there gawking" consists of words meaning "to-stand you-gawk".

Northern Savonian dialects
Northern Savonian dialects are spoken in the municipalities of Hankasalmi (Eastern part), Haukivuori, Heinävesi, Iisalmi, Joroinen, Jäppilä, Kaavi, Kangaslampi, Karttula, Keitele, Kiuruvesi, Konnevesi,  (Eastern part), Kuopio, Lapinlahti, Leppävirta, Maaninka, Muuruvesi (part of Juankoski since 1971), Nilsiä, Pieksämäki, Pielavesi, Pyhäsalmi, Rantasalmi, Rautalampi, Riistavesi (part of Kuopio since 1973), Siilinjärvi, Sonkajärvi, Suonenjoki, Säyneinen (part of Juankoski since 1971), Tervo, Tuusniemi, Varpaisjärvi, Varkaus, Vehmersalmi, Vesanto, Vieremä and Virtasalmi.

Southern Savonian dialects
Southern Savonian dialects are spoken in the municipalities of Anttola, Hirvensalmi, Juva, Kangasniemi, Mikkeli, Mäntyharju, Pertunmaa, (Eastern part) Puumala, Ristiina, Sulkava and Suomenniemi.

Middle dialects of Savonlinna area
Middle dialects of Savonlinna area are spoken in the Eastern Savonia, the municipalities surrounding the city of Savonlinna between Southern Savonia and North Karelia: Enonkoski, Kerimäki, Punkaharju, Savonranta and Sääminki (part of Punkaharju and Savonlinna since 1973).

The dialect spoken in Enonkoski has many similarities with the dialects of Northern Savo, while the dialect spoken in the Southern parts of Punkaharju resembles South-Eastern dialects in many ways. The difference between dialects in Savonlinna district has its roots in the colonization history. The area of greater Kerimäki (which consisted Enonkoski, Punkaharju and Savonranta) was settled by Karelian people till the 16th century, but from the 14th century the Savonian has started to settle to the Eastern side of Lake Pihlajavesi and the coasts of Puruvesi.

The differences between natural and governmental borders goes together in many ways. In Enonkoski the dialect is more Savonian in the Northern side of Hanhivirta. The other reason to this is that the Northern villages of Enonkoski belonged to Heinävesi in the 19th century, while the Southern villages were part of Kerimäki. The Northern border of Puruvesi goes through Lake Puruvesi. So the old Karelian-based dialect features have kept in Punkaharju much better than in Kerimäki, which is located in the Northern side of Puruvesi.

Eastern Savonian dialects or the dialects of North Karelia
Eastern Savonian dialects or the dialects of North Karelia are spoken in North Karelia in the municipalities of Eno, Ilomantsi, Joensuu, Juuka, Kesälahti, Kiihtelysvaara (now part of Joensuu), Kitee, Kontiolahti, Korpiselkä (now part of Russia, little part of Tohmajärvi since 1946), Outokumpu, Liperi, Nurmes, Pielisjärvi (part of Lieksa since 1973), Polvijärvi, Pyhäselkä, Pälkjärvi (now part of Russia, little part of Tohmajärvi since 1946), Rautavaara, Ruskeala (now part of Russia), Soanlahti, Tohmajärvi, Tuupovaara (now part of Joensuu) and Valtimo.

Dialects of Kainuu
Kainuu dialects are spoken in Hyrynsalmi, Kajaani, Kuhmo, Kuusamo, Paltamo, Posio, Pudasjärvi, Puolanka, Ranua (Southern part), Ristijärvi, Sotkamo, Suomussalmi, Taivalkoski and Vaala.

Dialects of Middle Finland
Dialects of Middle Finland are spoken in Hankasalmi (Western part), Karstula, Kinnula, Kivijärvi, Konginkangas (part of Äänekoski since 1993), Konnevesi (Western part), Kyyjärvi, Laukaa, Multia, Pihtipudas, Pylkönmäki, Saarijärvi, Sumiainen, Uurainen, Viitasaari and Äänekoski.

Dialects of Päijät-Häme
Päijät-Häme Savonian dialects are spoken in Joutsa, Jyväskylä, Jämsä, Korpilahti, Koskenpää (part of Jämsänkoski since 1969), Kuhmoinen, Leivonmäki, Luhanka, Muurame, Pertunmaa (Western part), Petäjävesi, Sysmä and Toivakka.

Middle dialects of Keuruu-Evijärvi
Middle dialects of Keuruu-Evijärvi are spoken in Alajärvi, Evijärvi, Keuruu, Lappajärvi, Lehtimäki, Pihlajavesi, Soini, Vimpeli and Ähtäri. This sub-dialect area is wedge shaped in the middle of Ostrobothnia, which has its own dialects and also Swedish-speaking population. This is the influence of Savonian slash-and-burn farmers who colonized the lake section in Southern Ostrobothnia in the 17th century.

Värmland Savonian dialects
The expansion of Savonian slash-and-burn agriculture, which started in the beginning of Modern era, expanded to Central Scandinavia. Mostly in the beginning of the 17th century Savonian settlers, mainly from the parish of Rautalampi, settled in Värmland, Sweden. In the beginning of the 19th century tens of thousands of people spoke the Savonian language as their mother tongue. These "Forest Finns" were an interesting group from a linguistic point of view because their language was isolated from other influences. The practice of slash and burn agriculture was prohibited in Sweden in the middle of the 17th century and no new Finnish settlers moved to the area. The language of Forest Finns lacked the Schwa vowel and gemination, which are used now in the dialect spoken in Rautalampi. Nowadays the Savonian dialect of Värmland is extinct. The last Savonian speakers were Johannes Johansson-Oinonen (died in 1965) and Karl Persson (died 1979).

Music
The band Verjnuarmu performed melodic death metal in the Savo dialect, while Värttinä performs folk music. The folk song "Ievan polkka" is in the dialect, as well.

title: Savonian dialects


text:
User:Mbase1235

Welcome
I am relatively new to Wikipedia and I have found many of the articles useful. I am a musician and therefore I mostly contribute to the music articles, however I have other areas of experience, study and interest which overlap with my musical interests. I hope to make useful contributions.

Peace

I'm very grateful that you found that careless error in my Astrology of sect article. Thanks so much for correcting it. I don't know how I made the error, but I'm quite embarrassed. (I'm a musician too!) NaySay 13:57, 24 July 2006 (UTC)

title: User:Mbase1235


text:
Barbara Goleman Senior High School

Barbara Goleman Senior High School is a secondary school located at 14100 NW 89th Ave in Miami Lakes, Florida; its principal is Manuel Sanchez. Goleman is part of Miami-Dade County Public Schools Region I, and is school number 7751.

The school is named after Barbara Goleman, the 1969 National Teacher of the Year and the only Miami-Dade County Public School teacher to receive this title.

Due to the construction of a new senior high school, Hialeah Gardens High School (located in nearby Hialeah Gardens), Barbara Goleman welcomed sophomores-to-be from American Senior High for the 2008-2009 school year, replacing a portion of the class of 2011, which was transferred to the new school.

Overview
Barbara Goleman Senior High School has studies related to forensic sciences, cybersecurity, law, digital marketing, and college research. They have many activities and events that students and parents can attend also giving students community service hours towards their requirements. They have school volunteer programs, and students help those who are in need. There are a lot of clubs to join, and they even have college assistance for those who have trouble in college applications.

History and location
Barbara Goleman Senior High School was first established on August 28, 1995. The school is the first school in Miami-Dade County Public Schools named after one of its teachers. In 1969, Barbara Goleman was named the National Teacher of the Year, a recognition awarded at the White House by former President Richard Nixon.The first students to enter the school were freshmen and sophomores who were all transferred from Jose Marti Middle School and Henry H. Filer Middle School. The mascot along with the school colors, burgundy and Las Vegas gold, were chosen by the first graduating class. Barbara Goleman Senior High School was named after one of its teachers, Barbara Goleman. The school sits in the town of Miami Lakes on 37.5 acres of land and contains 12 buildings within the school. The one thousand seat auditorium provides plenty of space for any theatrical/musical productions, it also houses a gymnasium with the capacity of 3,000 people. The school also provide extra-curricular activities as well as service clubs, honor societies, and athletic teams. Students are also encouraged to join one of three academies that are part of the National Academy Foundation (NAF), which are the Academy of Finance, Academy of Hospitality and Tourism, and the Academy of Information Technology. And

In April 1995 the MDCPS school board died a proposed boundary for the school as too few students would be African-American.

Layout
Barbara Goleman Senior High has twelve buildings. Buildings 1, 2, 11, and 12 are stand-alone, whereas Buildings 3-10 are interconnected. Building 1 is the largest building in the school, as well as the only one with three floors, it is also referred to as the “regulars” building. It is located on the northern side of the school, directly opposite from Building 2, which houses administrative offices on the first floor, and the school's media center on the second floor. Building 3 is the auditorium, located to the south of Building 2. Buildings 4, 5, 7, 8, and 9 have a combined student capacity near that of Building 1, and are located on the south side of the campus. Most elective courses are located in Buildings 4 and 5, while most science courses are located in Buildings 8 and 9. Building 6 is the cafeteria. Building 10 is the Jorge O. BGHS's gym is named the Sotolongo Gymnasium, in honor of the school's founding principal.

In addition to the original buildings, the school also had twenty-five portables located to the west of Building 1. These portables were commonly referred to as Building 11, although they were not one unified structure. The portables were inhabited by Hialeah Gardens High School rather than Barbara Goleman High School. Building 12 is commonly referred to as the "C" building, the modular, or the Cambridge/Capstone building. It is a modular building recently added to the school, just to the west of Buildings 8-9.

As of 2017, the portables have been removed.

Demographics
Barbara Goleman's student body is 94% Hispanic (of any race), 4% White non-Hispanic, 1% Black, and 2% Asian.

Grade status
The school currently has an "A" grade as of the 2021-2022 academic school year.

Championships
Boys' wrestling team:
 * 1996 - Francisco Benitez, 152 lbs., District Champion
 * 2002 District Champions
 * 2016 District Champions
 * 2019 District Champions
 * 2001 - 2003 - Allan Herrera, 160 lbs., three-time State Champion
 * 2007 - Gabriel Espinosa, 125 lbs., State Champion
 * 2008 - Rey Parrado, 140 lbs., State Champion

Boys' soccer team:
 * 2002 District Champions
 * 2007 GMAC Champions

Boys' football team:
 * 2004 District Champions

Boys' baseball team:
 * 9 district championships
 * 2008 Regionals

Girls' soccer team:
 * 2007 District Championships

Boys' basketball
 * 1999 District Champions

Badminton
 * 2008 GMAC Girls' Doubles Champions
 * 2009 GMAC Girls' Doubles Champions
 * 2009 GMAC Boys' Single Runner-up
 * 2009 GMAC Mixed Doubles Runner-up
 * 2009 GMAC Mixed Doubles Champions
 * 2010 GMAC Boys' Doubles Champions
 * 2010 GMAC Mixed Doubles Champions

Softball
 * 2004 District Champions
 * 2007 District Champions
 * 2009 District Champions and Regional Runner-up
 * 2010 District Champions and Regional Runner-up

Overcrowding
Beginning in the early 2000s, the school suffered from overcrowding due to a population explosion in the area. The school's population during the 2001-2002 school years surpassed 5,000; this was 1,000 more students than the school's official capacity of 4,015. Goleman's population problems have been alleviated thanks to the creation of nearby Hialeah Gardens High School. The school population now stands under 1,500, in contrast to the situation several years ago when it was near 4,500.

Title Winning E-Sports Team
The Gaming Gators e-sports team was first petitioned for in the 2020/2021 academic school year; It was heavily supported and would be officially established in the following (2021/2022) academic school year. Within only a few weeks, the reported member count was over 300, however due to size and budget restraints, only 10 selected members can be registered for tournaments. The team competes in games including many games in the Call of Duty franchise and Fortnite.

Titles
The Gaming Gators have been extremely successful. The team has won, as of April 2024, over 60 tournament titles, the most of any school in the county. The most notable titles include:

 * (2x) FHSAA High-School E-Sports State Title
 * ESL Play R6 Xbox Tournament
 * ACGL Rainbow 2v2
 * Blast R6 Majors
 * Six Invitational
 * Jynxzi's "Part-Time Streamer" McDonald's Trophy

title: Barbara Goleman Senior High School


text:
Talk:Emo fashion

This article was nominated for deletion, with result: keep. See Votes for deletion/Emo fashion. Eugene van der Pijll 11:22, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

The sidebar section on Regional scenes links to music of California, Washington DC, and Midwest. Yet the link to "New Brunswick, NJ" is merely to the entry on the city of New Brunswick and not its music scene. So should that be removed? I know nothing about this subject, but merely observed the difference.--droptone 21:14, 19 November 2005 (UTC)

info to merge
there's some info available here that someone might want to merge into this page. i removed it from the original but don't know enough about the specifics of emo fashion to enter it into this article. --MilkMiruku 01:15, 21 November 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Emo fashion


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Ingulf

Ingulf (Ingulphus; died 16 November 1109) was the Benedictine abbot of Crowland from 1087.

Life
Ingulf was an Englishman who, having travelled to England on diplomatic business as secretary of William, Duke of Normandy, in 1051, was made Abbot of Crowland in 1087 (Chambers and DNB say 1086) at Duke William's instigation after he had become king of England and the abbacy had fallen vacant. 1087 was in the last year of William's reign.

In the meantime, Ingulf had made a pilgrimage to Jerusalem and entered Fontenelle Abbey at Caudebec-en-Caux in Normandy, where after a time, he was appointed prior. He was appointed abbot there in 1080.

As his life as Abbot of Crowland progressed, Ingulf suffered the usual events: gout and the work of rebuilding after a destructive fire in the abbey. However, he was able to obtain an arm of Saint Wulfram; and in 1092 he received the body of Earl Waltheof of Northumbria, an Anglo-Saxon who had been executed per William's orders and who was considered a hero and martyr in popular thought. These relics brought in the pilgrims and eased his money problems.

Works
For several centuries, he was credited with the original authorship of a history of Crowland Abbey, Historia Monasterii Croylandensis, the Croyland Chronicle, a manuscript which has since been shown to have been fabricated well after his time, probably in the 13th or 14th century. The chronicle, which for many years was referred to as 'Ingulf' and is now called the Pseudo-Ingulf, was probably written in order to support claims to property around Crowland, particularly in regard to incursions from Spalding. Crowland was on a small gravel ridge in wet fen. All of the Abbey's arable lands listed in Domesday Book were in other parishes, such as Spalding.

title: Ingulf


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George Washington High School

George Washington High School may refer to a number of high schools including:

 * George Washington Preparatory High School, Los Angeles, California
 * Washington High School (Cedar Rapids, Iowa) in Cedar Rapids, Iowa
 * George Washington High School (San Francisco) in San Francisco, California
 * George Washington High School (Colorado) in Denver, Colorado
 * George Washington High School (Delray Beach) in Delray Beach, Florida
 * George Washington High School (Guam) in Mangilao, Guam
 * George Washington High School (Chicago) in Chicago, Illinois
 * George Washington Community High School in Indianapolis, Indiana
 * George Washington High School (New York City) in New York City, New York
 * George Washington High School (Philadelphia) in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
 * George Washington High School (Danville, Virginia) in Danville, Virginia
 * George Washington High School (Charleston, West Virginia) in Charleston, West Virginia

Past schools

 * George Washington High School in Alexandria, Virginia, one of the predecessors to today's Alexandria City High School

title: George Washington High School


text:
Johannes Koskinen

Hannu Erkki Johannes Koskinen (born 10 December 1954) is a Finnish politician and a lawyer as profession. He is a member of the Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP).

Koskinen was born in Janakkala. He has been a member of the Parliament of Finland from Tavastia Proper since 1991 and served as the minister of justice in two Lipponen cabinets, Jäätteenmäki cabinet and first Vanhanen cabinet from April 1999 to March 2005. He was replaced as minister of justice by Leena Luhtanen in a cabinet reshuffle.

He has been a member of Hämeenlinna city council 1989–2004 and again since 2009.

He served one of the deputy speakers of the Parliament of Finland.

title: Johannes Koskinen


text:
2005 European floods

The 2005 European floods hit mainly Romania, Switzerland, Austria and Germany, as well as several other countries in Central Europe and Eastern Europe during August 2005. The disaster came at a time when Portugal was suffering from intense forest fires which left 15 dead and days before the powerful Hurricane Katrina hit the United States.

Death toll
The death toll was 62, with 31 dead in Romania, 20 in Bulgaria, 6 in Switzerland, and 5 in Austria and Germany. Thousands were evacuated from their homes; the rains were the worst flooding to hit Europe since the 2002 floods.

Romania

Romania was the most affected by the 2005 floods, as it was faced with the most powerful and widespread floods and also the highest loss of life, with 31 dead. Total damages are estimated to be valued at more than 5 billion lei (€1.5 billion).

In mid August, the North-East region of Romania was heavily affected, with 1,473 evacuated from their homes in Iași, Suceava and Botoșani starting from 16 August. In Suceava county, 555 km of roads were affected, while nearly 600 bridges were flooded, resulting in the flooding of 520 houses, 16 of which were significantly destroyed. Several communications networks, particularly electric cables and optical fibres, were also affected.

Before it had ended, on 22 August 2005, the Ministry of Interior was reported as saying that floods and landslides affected over 500 villages in 31 districts: 200 homes completely destroyed, 2,000+ other structures affected, 11,000 households flooded, 9,000 wells flooded with rainfall and groundwater displacement, 34,000+ hectares of farmland and 2,000+ hectares of forests and grasslands destroyed, 9 kilometers of highway, 265 kilometers of county roads and 906 other roads were all severely damaged, and 25 cities lost power.

Floods were particularly acute in the central county of Harghita, where flooding hit the town of Odorheiu Secuiesc and surrounding localities in mid-to-late August. The flooding was most intense in the period from 24 to 25 August, when ten people were killed, a further five were declared missing and 1,400 households were flooded. Other counties significantly affected in late August were Mureș, Prahova and Bistrița-Năsăud. The city of Târgu Mureș, an important regional centre, was also affected by the rising of waters on the Târnava River, even though there wasn't a significant amount of damage caused to infrastructure.

In northwestern Romania, the counties of Bihor and Cluj were also affected, although on a smaller scale than Harghita. In Cluj County, over 100 houses were flooded, with the flooding centred on the town of Turda. Railway lines in the county were also closed. The localities of Popeşti, Suplacu de Barcău and Valea lui Mihai were affected in Bihor County.

Central Europe and the Alpine region
The Swiss capital of Bern was also heavily hit after the Aar burst its banks, and the town of Brienz saw 400 residents evacuated. The village of Lauterbrunnen in the Bernese Alps was completely cut off. The only exit from the town is by a very narrow gorge just wide enough to take the river, road and railway, and the river expanded to fill the entire gorge. This stranded thousands of tourists in the village, and the only way out was by helicopter or by crossing one of the high Alpine passes.

The Tyrol and Vorarlberg states of Austria saw many areas cut off by flooded roads. The lower part of the Rhine overflowed, affecting the Swiss Graubünden Canton, as well as parts of Vorarlberg. The river Danube and its tributaries overflowed in many places, flooding parts of Germany, Bavaria in particular. Several floodings and landslides were reported in Lower Austria and Styria.

The floods also meant the temporary closure of many mountain passes, amongst them the Gotthard in Switzerland, and the Arlberg in Austria. On a section of the Arlberg, the road and rail were washed away. Austrian Federal Railways have issued a statement (in German) that the rail line reconstruction will take at least a month. The main phone and data line between Vorarlberg and the rest of Austria was destroyed and had to be replaced by a radio communication. With rain and flood waters subsiding on 27 August, people started to return to their homes, rail and road routes reopened and the cleanup began.

The town of Jaša Tomić in Serbia was devastated by floods. Poland, where seven bridges collapsed, and Slovenia were also affected by flooding in August.

Other countries
Bulgaria and Moldova were also affected, though to a lesser extent. In Bulgaria, three months of rain and flooding killed 20 people and left 14,000 homeless. The country was hit by further floods in August (normally a very dry month), though these did not cause such widespread damage, but caused damage to the year's crops, causing an increase in the price of fruit and vegetables. Moldova was also hit by torrential rains in August.

title: 2005 European floods


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Tass Times in Tonetown

Tass Times in Tonetown is an adventure game published by Activision in 1986. It was designed by Michael Berlyn and Muffy McClung Berlyn and programmed by Rebecca Heineman of Interplay (credited as Bill Heineman) in cooperation with Brainwave Creations.

Tass Times was released for the Atari ST, Amiga, Commodore 64, Apple II, Apple II GS, Macintosh, and IBM PC compatibles. It was the first commercial game for the II GS.

Plot
The plot of the game involves the player getting sucked into Tonetown, a surreal alternate world seemingly based on a distillation of 1980s culture, with overtones of punk and new wave culture (such as pink hair, etc.). The word "Tass" in the title refers to an adjective used within the parallel world of Tonetown. Its basic meaning is somewhat akin to "cool" or "hip". Game designer Michael Berlyn gives the following source for the word:

Muffy and I were employed there [at Harvard], teaching creative writing. And the motto of Harvard is 'Veritas,' which means 'truth.' We took to saying 'very tass' to mean, 'very true,' or 'too true.' Our students picked it up and started applying it to something that was cool. So very tass turned into very hip or cool.

The game's narrative begins with the player character inside a cabin belonging to "Gramps", a relative and inventor who has gone missing. While searching the cabin, the player activates one of Gramps' latest inventions: a device that resembles an electronically powered hoop. Gramps' pet dog, Spot, jumps through the active hoop and disappears. The player follows him and is transported to the mysterious Tonetown world alongside Spot, discovering that "Spot", in this world, is not only sentient and capable of speech but is actually a celebrity resident named "Ennio the Legend". Ennio travels along with the player, providing commentary and advice as well alerting the player to danger.

The player learns that Gramps' mysterious disappearance extends even into the Tonetown world, and may have been arranged by the villainous Franklin Snarl. Snarl, a surreal combination of a pig, a raccoon and (most obviously) a crocodile, is a ruthless business magnate. He is also a murderously hostile Tonetown nativist, openly violent to most "tourists" (foreigners) he encounters. His negative effects on the local culture had begun to attract media attention against him, culminating in the disappearance of Gramps.

To progress in the game, the player must assimilate into Tonetown's culture, using guitar picks as currency and partaking in its party scene, its "tass" music, including the popular band The Daglets, and such delicacies as "GloBurgers". The player encounters technology unique to Tonetown such as the "zagtone" (a device that plays variable notes depending on what object it is struck against), as well as bizarre creatures including the cute but destructive "blobpet" and dangerous monsters. The blobpet also makes an appearance in the animated intro exclusive to the Apple II, Commodore 64, and PC ports.

Gramps is eventually revealed to be Snarl's prisoner, held captive in an island office tower. After rescuing him, the player brings the group to a final confrontation with Snarl at his mansion, with Snarl possessing the Tonetown world's iteration of the hoop device. While Ennio holds Snarl at bay, Gramps activates the hoop and the player throws Snarl through it. The player enters the hoop and is returned to the "normal" world just outside Gramps' cabin, discovering that Snarl's arrival into the normal world has transformed him into three separate creatures - which the game's narrator describes as "a cute little pig, a darling raccoon, and a little crocodile shedding a few tears".

Talking to Snarl during the final sequence reveals that Gramps himself had created him, using the hoop device and the three original animal specimens, and that he had captured Gramps with the intention of continuing his work at any cost. It is also hinted that Tonetown itself may have been created entirely by Gramps' imagination, who then discovered a way to physically travel to it.

Gameplay
The game is an example of the graphical text adventure genre. Somewhat like classical text adventures or the early Sierra games, players use text commands (e.g. "TAKE HOOPLET") to interact with the game, but like LucasArts adventure games (or the later Sierra games), they also use an intuitive GUI. The player viewed the world of the game through a small window at the top left of the screen in which their surroundings were displayed. Much like The Bard's Tale, this view was static (or mostly so); it was not animated, though it was context-sensitive (players could click on objects in this window rather than typing their names).

Like many text adventures of this era, Tass Times had its share of possible unwinnable situations in which players can discover themselves trapped. The most infamous of these is Gramps' lab book, which is found in his cabin at the start of the game, and is used to complete the game at almost its very end. Hapless players can leave the book behind only to realize it is needed for game completion right when they are on the verge of completing it. Other scenarios include many possible instances of saving the game in situations in which death can never be avoided in time, such as in a location too far away from the shopping boutiques, so that Snarl will kill a player still deemed a "tourist" before Tonetown apparel and hairstyles can ever be purchased.

Ports
The port for IBM PC compatibles allows use of a computer mouse. At the time of release, PC mice were rare and the programmers had to code their own routines to read a serial mouse.

Reception
Compute! stated that the Amiga version of Tass Times in Tonetown was a "fascinating new game" with "superb color graphics", calling the story "unusual". Hartley and Pattie Lesser similarly commented on the game in their "The Role of Computers" column in Dragon #116 (1986), stating "This one is truly bizarre". Computer Gaming World's Charles Ardai agreed, stating that the "strange story" did not interest him.

Roy Wagner reviewed the game for Computer Gaming World, and stated that "This game is a relatively easy adventure with the added twist of the reality in which it is played. Get tass, stay tone-ly and find Gramps."

Macworld reviewed the Macintosh version of Tass Times in Tonetown, calling it a "Challenging, unique game with [a] sense of humor." Macworld praises its gameplay, puzzles, and atmosphere, stating that "the game demands that you familiarize yourself with a vernacular and logic particular to Tonetown. ... Tass Times in Tonetown grows much tricker as you progress. What makes the game so challenging is also what makes it unique: the novelty of Tonetown, its mores, and its inhabitants. These same qualities make many clues difficult to decipher." Macworld compares Tass Times in Tonetown's gameplay to other adventure games, including Déjà Vu, Uninvited, and Mindshadow. Macworld notes that Tonetown lacks an 'operate' command as Déjà Vu and Uninvited do, instead requiring context-sensitive verbs for actions, i.e typing "unlock" to unlock a door. Macworld criticizes Tonetown's difficulty, as well as its graphics, expressing that "The games's graphics, although imaginative and professionally constructed, sometimes lack detail and are relegated to a small part of the screen", and suggests that a zoom feature would remedy this.

Macworld inducted Tass Times in Tonetown into its 1987 Game Hall of Fame in the Adventure Game category, ahead of runners-up the Infocom text adventures released over the preceding year, in particular Bureaucracy and Stationfall. Macworld called Tass Times in Tonetown "something that seems a cross between Raw magazine, The Face, and the Bizarro World of DC Comics" and praised it as a fun game with a user-friendly interface.

title: Tass Times in Tonetown


text:
Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/Pine cone

Pine Cone
A lovely image of a pine cone on the forest floor
 * Support Self Nom. --Fir0002 11:23, August 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * Very, very nice. I'd support this.— Encephalon |  ζ   02:30:29, 2005-08-30 (UTC)
 * Support. Phoenix2 17:00, August 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support- Great picture. -- ZeWrestler  Talk 17:26, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. It would have been nice if the whole thing was in focus, but I think the photo is a good representation of a pine cone, and thus gets my support. --Lord Voldemort (Dark Mark) 20:31, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Good and sharp. Enochlau 03:35, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Support either original or edited. Enochlau 13:26, 4 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose unless the grey-ish area of blurring can be removed from the top right. Sorry, it's a nice photo otherwise, but I can't tell if the top right is part of the background or something in front of the lens, and I find it distracting. ~ Veledan • Talk + new 20:48, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * It's got to be background. If it were something blocking the lens, I don't think it would look like that. Enochlau 10:36, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Of course it's the background. Sorry for taking so long to reply but I've been on camp in Canberra for the last week. I've uploaded an edited version. --Fir0002 02:23, September 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. James F. (talk) 12:59, 4 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Supropt. Very nice indeed. — BRIAN 0918 • 2005-09-4 17:21
 * Neutral. As a photograph, it is a good quality photo. But as an example of a pine cone, it isn't a good specimen, very old, heavily weathered and half-decayed. I wouldn't pick this one up to keep as a herbarium specimen, as many of the features (colour, surface texture, etc) of a fresh mature cone are already lost. In terms of encyclopaedia use, I'd only use it (alongside with a fresh specimen) to illustrate an article on decay or weathering; I'm afraid it isn't much use for either the conifer cones or the Monterey Pine articles - MPF 11:28, 6 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose depth of focus is a little to small for my taste. It would have been nice to see some seed too. David D. (Talk) 03:07, 9 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Boring. --ScottyBoy900Q ∞ 15:32, 10 September 2005 (UTC)
 * This link is Broken 21:48, 11 September 2005 (UTC)


text:
Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/Pine forest

Pine Forest
Nice lighting on this pine forest. I would love to take a similar shot but when its misty!
 * Support Self Nom. --Fir0002 11:23, August 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * You know Fir, normally I like your photos, because they're generally of really high quality and beautiful composure, but this time, I've got to say that this one is just a bunch of trees. --Elfer 02:24, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * But a beautiful bunch of trees, captured in a very well composed photograph. :) — Encephalon |  ζ   02:31:58, 2005-08-30 (UTC)
 * Oppose, doesn't really capture a pine forest well. Phoenix2 17:03, August 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. I would have liked to have seen some ground in the shot. Also, I agree with Phoenix. Not one of your best shots, Fir0002. Sorry. --Lord Voldemort (Dark Mark) 20:34, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Composition is a problem... some ground would be better. Enochlau 03:35, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Agree with other opositions. --ScottyBoy900Q ∞ 15:31, 10 September 2005 (UTC)


text:
Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/Ant on moss hill

Ant on moss hill
It's got a kind of "looking out into the void" quality which I like. If you don't like this one I have a smilar one: Image:Ant on mosshill.jpg
 * Support Self Nom. --Fir0002 11:23, August 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * Nice, but it isn't linked to on any articles. I'd reccomend commons FPC process, if this picture isn't being used anywhere. This link is Broken 13:21, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * So, it was slapped into a couple of articles. What does this picture add there? Do we know what kind of ant it is (species)? Does it serve a purpose in the Ant or Moss article which no other picture is currently filling? I'd be inclined to say no. The picture is very artisitc and dramatic so, I'd vote for a resubmission to the commons. This link is Broken 23:34, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * It's good, but the background might be too unfocused for me. The alternate picture isn't as good, I think. --Lord Voldemort (Dark Mark) 16:46, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * What User:BrokenSegue said.— Encephalon |  ζ   02:33:06, 2005-08-30 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Agree with Lord Voldemort. Enochlau 03:36, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Fredrik | talk 19:16, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Too much bokeh; not enough focus. —Cryptic (talk) 05:44, 3 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose - I admit, it is a very beautiful and striking picture, I love the focus and the colours are beautiful and vibrant. It is a photo i really do lilke. But aswell as being a great photo, it doesent really contribute to any article. Something likt this would suit better in an art gallery over FP ;) Tekana | Talk 08:40, 3 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Support Very nice pic, makes a very, very nice desktop background for me. If a smaller aperture (bigger number) was used the image will just be too busy. -- antilived 11:59, 3 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose Unfortunately. Agree with Enochlau. --ScottyBoy900Q ∞  15:30, 10 September 2005 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Aaliyah/Archive 1

Aaliyah's Controversy?
This entry seems like little more than a fan page. Why is there no mention of her illegal marriage to R. Kelly and its subsequent annulment, or the controversy behind the release of "Queen of the Damned," a film so bad it was shelved until her death, when it is said the producers saw a chance to make money off of her sudden burst in popularity?

And article on the R. Kelly marriage:

http://www.cwfa.org/articles/2039/CWA/pornography/index.htm

--MightyAtom 02:14, 27 June 2006 (UTC)

Aaliyah and George Harrison
I have added a trivia section and have mentioned the fact that Aaliyah and George Harrison had back to back #1 hits in the UK after they died.

This fact has also been added to the article about George.

- Rico

Aaliyah was a diva in disguise! She was definetly one in a million and her music will always be a part of our lives.

 * The plane crash that killed her occurred when she was returning from shooting a music video for "Rock the Boat," the album's second single

What album are we talking about here? AxelBoldt 22:20 11 Jun 2003 (UTC)

 * Her third, self-titled album Aaliyah. Alensha 19:53, 27 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Aaliyah R.i.P baby we are gonna love you for ever you love is never ending for you espacially me lil bee i love you and rest in peace i love you for ever peace and tupac i love you to

Aaliyah was the perfect woman I hope shes up in heaven with God and fellow angels

Pronounciation of Aaliyah's name
Aaliyah said that her name is to be pronounced "as if you were going to say (Muhhammad) Ali, but put a "liyah" on the end," hence "AH-lee-ah." But many (including Missy Elliott pronounce her name "uh-LEE-yah." I was going to add a pronunciation bit to the article, but I am not sure if it's neccessary. --b. Touch 08:10, 12 Nov 2004 (UTC)

miss u
we all love u. we will miss u. u had a smile to make everyone who was sad ,happy.R.I.P to u and everyone who is gone.. LOVE U VERY MUCH!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! PEACE OUT BABY.

Copyedit notice removed
I have corrected the article's grammatical and syntactical errors and removed the copyedit notice.--Logician 14:19, 18 May 2005 (UTC)

Neutral viewpoint
Would this article be quite so gushing if she hadn't died in a plane crash? I realise that it's standard practice to disregard the "neutral viewpoint" when waxing lyrical about mediocre celebrities, but this article is ridiculous. Not everyone thought she was great, and the article should reflect that. Unsigned comment by User:Agentsoo.

 * The article doesn't at all gush about Aaliyah, and even during her lifetime she was not considered "mediocre"; she was a popular and respected R&B artist. The text about the effects of her deth could be toned down a bit, but otherwise the article sticks to facts. --FuriousFreddy 14:16, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

 * "Not considered mediocre" by who? Isn't the point of neutral viewpoint to avoid these kind of debates? If some points of the article were rephrased as "Her fans consider..." or something similar then I'd be quite happy. Unsigned comment by User:Agentsoo.

 * "Not considered mediocre" based on reviews of her albums. Nowhere in the article is she mentioned as being "mediocre" or "exceptionally talented". The article doesn't need to explicitely state that "not everyone thought she was great". I, and a number of other people, don't think Elvis or The Beatles were all that great, but that doesn't need to be reflected in their articles. Granted, this article on Aaliyah did gush a bit when discussing her death (I didn't recall it being so POV), so I did go ahead and tone it down. And, please, sign your comments using this code: " --~ " --FuriousFreddy 15:24, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

Aaliyah was the youngest FEMALE to perform at the Oscars
Again, I'm gonna have to correct you. Because earlier it said "First African-American" as well as "youngest", and I had to change the "First African-American" because Michael Jackson was the first WAY back in the '70s. He was also the youngest at 14 (not yet 15) when he performed "Ben", which was nominated for a Grammy, in 1973. But as of young in terms of female entertainers, yeah, she was, I think 18 or 19, when she did what she did when she performed. -- Posted by BrothaTimothy, 12:57 a.m. (UTC)

title: Talk:Aaliyah/Archive 1


text:
Kalimath

Kalimath is a village in Rudraprayag District of the Indian state of Uttarakhand.

Geography
It lies at an altitude of around 6000 ft on the Saraswati river in the Himalayas, surrounded by the peaks of Kedarnath. Kalimath is situated close to Ukhimath and Guptakashi.

Religion
The temple of the Hindu goddess Kali there is visited by devotees year round, especially during the Navratras. It is one of 108 Shakti Peethas in India as per Srimad Devi Bhagwat.

The Sri Yantra is the object of devotion. The idol of Kali is only taken out and worshipped in the temple one day each year when Puja is performed at midnight, with only the chief priest present. Near the temple are other ancient temples to Laxmi, Saraswati, Gauri Shankar and many antique Shivlings, idols of Nandi and Ganesh, etc.

An eternal flame always burns in the temple of Laxmi. Bhairava Mandir is located nearby.

Satpal Maharaj set up a small Dharamshala near the temple where pilgrims can stay. About 2 km east is Kunjethi village, hosting two temples of Mata Manana Devi and Mankameshwar Mahadev. 6 km from Kalimath at the top of a hill there is a huge Kalishila and another Kali Temple.

Notables
The village is the birthplace of Kalidas, a Sanskrit poet.

title: Kalimath