text:
Talk:Imperial cult

early smerdis
I'm afraid that this article is about the historical worship of Roman emperors and has nothing to do with anything your group is concerned about. I am making the weblinks added here not autolinking, and I hope not to find dozens of them elsewhere on Wikipedia. Smerdis of Tlön 04:45, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

Rome
I think I'll split off most of the 'Ancient Rome' section to Imperial cult of ancient Rome or something alike, as this article is heavily out of balance now. Any objections?--Hippalus 22:03, 23 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Done! Imperial cult (Ancient Rome)--Hippalus 08:54, 24 January 2006 (UTC)

Modern practice
I have encountered several accounts in my readings of modern practitioners of this type of cult, including but certainly not limited to, the modern worship of Julius and Augustus Caesar. My question is if this information should be added to this article, due to the fact that the purpose of the article as it currently reads seems to (perhaps inadvertently) focus on Ancient practices. There is the Rastafari section, but before I attempt an edit (and recheck my sources) I wanted to be clear on the article's intention. If modern practice should not be added to this article, what are your thoughts on creating a separate article entitled Modern Practices of Imperial Cults and moving the Rastafari and Japanese information to it. I'm not sure it is necessary to create a seperate article, but I don't want to mangle the purpose of this one. Additionally, do you think a new article as described is even worthy of creation, when a section within this one might suffice? I noticed the creation of Imperial cult (Ancient Rome), but I wonder if that article should be expanded to include all Ancient practices and appropriately renamed? However, the current Imperial cult (Ancient Rome) does seem to warrant its own article IMHO. Perhaps this article would best be reorganized into two main sections, "Ancient Practice" and "Modern Practice". Trippz 08:29, 6 August 2007 (UTC)

Euhemerus
Should the Euhemerus reference be included? The way it reads it suggests that Euhemerus himself was worshiped. After reading the article on Euhemerus, I see the point the entry is attempting to make, but it still seems unclear. I almost changed the wording myself to euhemeristic, but I'm not sure that is a word. The information about Euhemerus and his inclusion in the article seems helpful, but its presentation is a little clunky. Trippz 08:44, 6 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Euhemerisation is the substantive I believe. 72.228.177.92 (talk) 12:51, 2 August 2010 (UTC)

Defining "Imperial Cult"
I just want to open a discussion on the agreed definition of Imperial Cult for purposes of this article. My understanding is that the venerated figure(s) in question must be (or have been) the leader(s) of a politically or geographically recognized nation. The nation in question may not necessarily fit the definition of being an Empire, thus making the use of the word "Imperial" somewhat misleading. For example, Monarchs and Dictators may also have Imperial Cult followers. In fact, it seems to be the autocratic nature of the venerated figure or dynasty which worshipers adhere to most. I'm somewhat confused by the use of "...supranational identity in the case of a multi-ethnic state ..." as mentioned in the article, because this appears to be more like nationalism. Can someone clarify this to me? The two terms seem closely related, but I don't specifically see the distinction. Is it that the nationalistic beliefs are centered exclusively on the autocrat? Trippz 09:12, 6 August 2007 (UTC)

Horus Cult
Have provided references for this elsewhere and thought I had here but a quick look through older versions seems to indicate not. In any case the fact tagged stuff in that § is easily sourced. 72.228.177.92 (talk) 12:51, 2 August 2010 (UTC)
 * Moved this here, apparent stray comment with unbalanced markup (corrected markup, left typos):  Egyptians Pharaohs were concered to be gods because they were the proctector the people
 * The last sentence did seem to be a counterfactual. The dead pharoahs joined the other gods, but the living king enjoyed the status of a god on earth as well. This is in contrast to deification in Rome, or the posthumous naming of Chinese Emperors but of course the religious practices of Egypt also occurred against the real world conditions upon which dynastic turnover was based. 72.228.177.92 (talk) 13:01, 2 August 2010 (UTC)

Devaraja
for the very bad use of this term in the article, see Talk:Devaraja: "Devaraja is the Hindu-Buddhist cult of deified royalty in Southeast Asia" is pure fiction, based on very poor sources.--Shivanarayana (talk) 12:32, 30 May 2015 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 18:48, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

Ethiopia
Ethiopia was a multi-ethnic empire, it does not belong in the "national" examples listed in the introduction. More importantly, according to the definition of Imperial Cult provided at the beginning "An imperial cult is a form of state religion in which an emperor, or a dynasty of emperors (or rulers of another title), are worshipped as demigods or deities." Ethiopia doesn't belong in this article at all. It never had any such state religion. The Rastafarians are irrelevant to this topic, since they were never a significant presence in Ethiopia, let alone the religion of state. Before I remove Ethiopia, does anyone have any objections or a counter-argument? --D'Orleans 20:30, 11 February 2017 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by D'Orleans (talk • contribs)

Requested move 22 June 2021

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: Not moved. Any scope problems that might exist should be resolved separately. No such user (talk) 11:20, 19 July 2021 (UTC)

Imperial cult → Ruler cult – Not all of the cults dealt with on this page were about worshipping "emperors" or "empires", so it makes sense to move it to the more generic term. For some of the following it is totally wrong - in an Egyptian context "imperial cult" refers to the worship of the Roman emperor as ruler of Egypt (e.g. ). Side-note: For most of these case studies, both terms are actually pretty rare and I worry that the whole article is WP:SYNTH combining two unrelated concepts from the ancient world and East Asia. Furius (talk) 09:40, 22 June 2021 (UTC)
 * oppose the concept of a ruler cult is already covered at Cult of personality. This article is specifically about the worship of a ruler. A merge to ruler cult might work —blindlynx (talk) 13:46, 22 June 2021 (UTC)
 * Turn out 'ruler cult is ad hoc rather than a consistent system—blindlynx (talk)

The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.
 * The "Imperial Cult" was the Roman state religion. "Ruler cult" is not a thing. Every country had an Imperial Cult, according to this article. It's WP:SYNTH gone mad. Update Oxford Reference defines the ruler cult as something created by Alexander and continued by the Hellenistic rulers, notably the Ptolemies in Egypt. 99to99 (talk) 01:43, 25 June 2021 (UTC)
 * Oppose I have a disdain for the use of nouns as premodifiers ─ 'women astronaut', et cetera. In regards to the proposal of a generic title: I am cautiously supportive, but both 'Imperial cult' and 'Ruler cult' seem to refer to other, specific concepts. ─ Kirkworld (talk) 21:35, 12 July 2021 (UTC)

Roman cult
See here for scholarship pointing out that the Christian apologists and unfocused histories (like early Wikipedia!) erred in considering the living emperor a formal object of worship himself. Instead, the Roman and most western cults solely worshipped deceased emperors and the genius of the living emperor rather than directly worshipping contemporary rulers. — Llywelyn II   13:00, 18 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Imperial cult


text:
Anubias

Anubias is a genus of aquatic and semi-aquatic flowering plants in the family Araceae, native to tropical central and western Africa. They primarily grow in rivers and streams, but can also be found in marshes. They are characterized by broad, thick, dark leaves that come in many different forms. The genus was revised in 1979 and since then its nomenclature has been stable. Species can be determined by using mostly characteristics of the inflorescence. Because of the often shady places where the plants grow, the genus was named after the Egyptian god Anubis, the god of the afterlife. The genus was first described in 1857 by Heinrich Wilhelm Schott, with A. afzelii as its type species.

Reproduction and uses
Anubias, most notably the varying forms of A. barteri, are commonly used in aquariums, usually attached to rocks or bogwood. In contrast to most plants, Anubias generally prefer subdued lighting and can also produce flowers underwater. In the aquarium they should be placed in shaded areas, otherwise algae will develop on the leaves.

Anubias are considered by many aquarists some of the easiest plants to maintain, since their light and nutrient requirements are very low and also because herbivorous fish will not eat it (with a few exceptions). This is why Anubias are some of the few plants which can be used in aquariums with African cichlids and goldfishes.

Reproduction in artificial environments can be accomplished by stolon division or from side shoots. The stolon must always be above the substrate in order to survive, otherwise it will rot and the plant dies. Rather than planting Anubias directly into the soil, they should be attached to a piece of rock or driftwood, as they are more likely to grow and thrive when the rhizome and roots are left exposed instead of buried. It is also possible to propagate Anubias by seed.

The natural growth rate of all species in this genus is rather slow. Usually, they produce a leaf every 3 weeks, or even slower. And while they were once thought to be among the few plants that do not respond to CO2 addition,.

The most commonly available species of this genus is Anubias barteri Schott, which is polymorphic and subdivided into several varieties. The largest members of the genus are Anubias gigantea Chevalier ex Hutchinson and Anubias heterophylla Engler. Their leaf-stems can grow up to 83 cm, with leaves 40 cm long and 14 cm broad with lateral lobes up to 28 cm long and 10 cm broad. The smallest representative is Anubias barteri var. nana (Engler) Crusio, with a height up to 10 cm and with leaves up to 6 cm long and 3 cm broad.

Anubias can be grown emersed (above water). For this reason they may be used in paludariums.

Species and varieties
Optimal conditions:
 * Anubias afzelii Schott
 * Narrow-leafed, medium-sized Anubias
 * Characteristics: plant with stolon
 * Leaf-stem: up to 20 cm
 * Leaves: 13–35 cm long, 3–13 cm broad
 * Height in aquarium: 25 – 30 cm
 * Temperature: 22 - 28 °C
 * pH: 6.0 - 7.0
 * Water hardness: 2 dGH - 6 dGH
 * Position in aquarium: middle to back
 * Usual growth rate: one leaf every 2 months

 * Anubias barteri Schott

Common varieties:

Optimal conditions:
 * Anubias barteri var. angustifolia (Engler) Crusio
 * Synonym: Anubias lanceolata f. angustifolia Engler
 * Narrow leaves, similar to afzelii, but much smaller
 * Leaf-stem: up to 32 cm
 * Leaves: up to 18 cm long, up to 3.5 cm wide
 * Height in aquarium: 10 – 15 cm
 * Temperature: 20 - 27 °C
 * pH: 5.5 - 8.0
 * Water hardness: < 8 dGH
 * Position in aquarium: middle
 * Usual growth rate: one leaf every 2 months

Optimal conditions:
 * Anubias barteri var. barteri
 * Compact, heart-shaped anubias
 * Leaf-stem: up to 23 cm
 * Leaves: 7–23 cm long, 4–11 cm wide
 * Height in aquarium: 25 – 45 cm
 * Temperature: 20 - 27 °C
 * pH: 5.5 - 9.0
 * Water hardness: < 20 dGH
 * Position in aquarium: back
 * Usual growth rate: one leaf every 3 months

Optimal conditions:
 * Anubias barteri var. caladiifolia Engler
 * Heart-shaped anubias
 * Leaf-stem: up to 54 cm
 * Leaves: 10–23 cm long, 5–14 cm wide
 * Height in aquarium: 7 – 30 cm
 * Temperature: 20 - 27 °C
 * pH: 5.5 - 8.0
 * Water hardness: < 20 dGH
 * Position in aquarium: middle to back
 * Usual growth rate: one leaf every 2 months

Optimal conditions:
 * Anubias barteri var. glabra N. E. Brown
 * Synonyms: Anubias lanceolata N. E. Brown, Anubias minima Chevalier.
 * Narrow-leafed, large anubias
 * Leaf-stem: up to 35 cm long
 * Leaves: spear-shaped, up to 21 cm long, 9 cm wide
 * Height in aquarium: 30 – 50 cm
 * Temperature: 22 - 27 °C
 * pH: 5.5 - 8.0
 * Water hardness: < 20 dGH
 * Position in aquarium: back
 * Usual growth rate: 4 - 8 leaves per year

Optimal conditions:
 * Anubias barteri var. nana (Engler) Crusio
 * Synonym: Anubias nana Engler
 * Dwarf, creeping, with heart-shaped leaves
 * Leaf-stem: up to 5 cm long
 * Leaves: up to 6 cm long and 3 cm wide
 * Height in aquarium: 5 – 10 cm
 * Temperature: 22 - 27 °C
 * pH: 5.5 - 9.0
 * Water hardness: 3 - 10 dGH
 * Position in aquarium: front
 * Usual growth rate: one leaf every month

 * Anubias gigantea Chevalier ex Hutchinson
 * Synonyms: Anubias gigantea var. tripartita Chevalier, Anubias hastifolia var. robusta Engler
 * Large arrow-shaped leaves
 * Leaf-stem: up to 83 cm long
 * Leaves: up to 30 cm long and 14 cm wide, with large lateral lobes up to 28 cm long and 10 cm broad
 * Seldom used in aquariums

Optimal conditions:
 * Anubias gilletii De Wildeman & Durand
 * Initially heart-shaped, later with long rear fringes
 * Leaf-stem: up to 40 cm
 * Leaves: arrow-shaped, 25 cm long, 12 – 13 cm wide, lateral lobes up to 13 cm long
 * Height in aquarium: 25 – 40 cm
 * Temperature: 22 - 27 °C
 * pH: 6.0 - 8.0
 * Water hardness: 4 - 10 dGH
 * Position in aquarium: back
 * Usual growth rate: 2 - 6 leaves per year

Optimal conditions:
 * Anubias gracilis Chevalier ex Hutchinson
 * Whether this is a separate species or another variety of Anubias barteri is doubtful
 * Leaf-stem: up to 33 cm
 * Leaves: triangular heart-shaped, 12 cm long, 4–10 cm wide, lateral lobes up to 7 cm long and 3 cm wide
 * Height in aquarium: 20 – 30 cm
 * Temperature: 24 - 27 °C
 * pH: 6.0 - 8.0
 * Water hardness: 5 - 12 dGH
 * Position in aquarium: middle to back
 * Usual growth rate: 2 - 6 leaves per year

Optimal conditions: Optimal conditions:
 * Anubias hastifolia Engler
 * Synonyms: Amauriella hastifolia (Engler) Hepper, Anubias hastifolia var. sublobata Engler, Anubias auriculata Engler, Amauriella auriculata (Engler) Hepper, Anubias haullevilleana De Wildeman, Anubias laurentii De Wildeman, Amauriella obanensis Rendle, Amauriella talbotii Rendle
 * Leaves: long heart-shaped
 * Leaf-stem: up to 67 cm long
 * Leaves: up to 33 cm long and 14 cm wide, lateral lobes up to 26 cm long and 8 cm broad
 * Height in aquarium: 30 – 50 cm
 * Temperature: 22 - 27 °C
 * pH: 6.0 - 8.0
 * Water hardness: < 20 dGH
 * Position in aquarium: middle to back
 * Usual growth rate: 2 - 6 leaves per year
 * Anubias heterophylla Engler
 * Synonyms: Anubias congensis N. E. Brown, Anubias congensis var. crassispadix Engler, Anubias affinis De Wildeman, Anubias engleri De Wildeman, Anubias bequaerti De Wildeman, Anubias undulata (trade name)
 * Very large species, for tall aquariums
 * Leaf-stem: up to 66 cm long
 * Leaves: 38 cm long, 13 cm wide, sometimes with very short basal lobes
 * Height in aquarium: 25 – 60 cm
 * Temperature: 24 - 27 °C
 * pH: 5.5 - 8.0
 * Water hardness: 5 - 12 dGH
 * Position in aquarium: back
 * Usual growth rate: 2 - 4 leaves per year

 * Anubias pynaertii De Wildeman
 * Leaf-stem: up to 45 cm
 * Leaves: up to 29 cm long and 14 cm broad

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Anubias


text:
User:Hanshans23

I have contributed to:

 * Antonio Gramsci
 * Louis Althusser
 * Valentin Voloshinov
 * Antonio Labriola
 * Western Marxism
 * Georg Lukács
 * Praxis (process)
 * Antihumanism
 * Karl Korsch
 * Marxist schools of thought
 * Marxist humanism
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 * Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844
 * Notes on James Mill
 * Marx's theory of alienation

title: User:Hanshans23


text:
Livingston Farrand

Livingston Farrand (June 14, 1867 – November 8, 1939) was an American physician, anthropologist, psychologist, public health advocate and academic administrator.

Early life and education
Born in Newark, New Jersey, to Dr. Samuel Ashbel Farrand, headmaster of the historic Newark Academy, and Rachel Louise (Wilson) Farrand, Farrand received an undergraduate degree from Princeton in 1888, and went on to the Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, where he earned his M.D. in 1891.

He attended the Universities of Cambridge and Berlin, studying physiological psychology.

Academia
After graduating in 1893, he went on to serve as adjunct professor of psychology at Columbia. Due to the influence of Franz Boas - who had joined Columbia in 1896 - Farrand became more involved in anthropology. He joined Boas on expeditions to the Pacific Northwest (notably, the Jesup North Pacific Expedition) and became a full professor of anthropology at Columbia in 1903. He remained at Columbia until 1914.

In 1904 Farrand wrote Basis of American History, 1500-1900. It focused on Native Americans and was part of the multi-volume The American Nation series (28 volumes, 1903–1918) edited by Albert Bushnell Hart. It has been seen as a recognition of Farrand's expertise in anthropology.

Public Health
He became executive secretary of the National Association for the Study and Prevention of Tuberculosis in 1905. The organisation's cooperation between medical professionals and laymen was hailed as pioneering and stimulating similar collaborations in other areas of public health.

In 1914 became president of the University of Colorado, and held that position until 1919. From 1912 to 1914, he was treasurer of the American Public Health Association, during the same period editing the American Journal of Public Health.

During World War I he was director in France of the International Health Board, 1917-19. His public health work led to his appointment as chairman of the central committee of the American Red Cross and he worked to fight tuberculosis for the Rockefeller Foundation in France in 1917. His involvement in the latter has been described as the "most important permanent result of the great American effort in France during the World War".

Cornell University
In 1921, he became the fourth president of Cornell University. Under his leadership, Cornell's enrollment and endowment increased rapidly. He also expanded Cornell-in-China with the University of Nanking and in 1931 saw the arrival in Ithaca of students from the Soviet Union. The unified College of Engineering was created as was the College of Home Economics.

In 1929, he declined to intervene on behalf of two students who had been denied residency in the women's dormitories at Sage Hall on the basis of their race. In reply to a letter from the mother of one of these women, he wrote, "... while I have great sympathy for your feeling, I cannot order a change in the procedure of the Dean of Women, under whose jurisdiction the matter falls".

Family
Livingston was the brother of Max Farrand, Professor of History at Stanford University and Yale University. Max's wife was landscape architect Beatrix Farrand.

Honours
Farrand was a fellow of American Association for the Advancement of Science, and member of the American Psychological Association, American Anthropological Association, the American Climatological Association, the American Philosophical Society, and the American Folklore Society, for whom he served as President in 1903.

For his services in the building up of an effective anti-tuberculosis organization at the end of World War One, the French government made Farrand both an officer of the Legion of Honor and a Commander of the Legion of Honour.

title: Livingston Farrand


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Fox News liberal

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was MERGE to Democrat in Name Only. The target already has such a section which does not include all the info from here. I'm not going to merge this myself, but will add a tag. -Splash talk 00:23, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

Fox News liberal
This article should be deleted because it is a neologism. That is, the article defines a phrase "fox news liberal", but I find no google results which use use the phrase as a cohesive whole as described in the article. For example, there appear resuts such as "Colmes is the Fox News liberal counterpoint to Hannity". I also find no use of the term desribe someone who is or was not literally on Fox News (whereas the article's point is to describe a phrase which could be applied to those not literally on Fox News). — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.127.147.125 (talk • contribs) 04:10, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with Democrat in Name Only. Article was nominated VFD by someone without an account.  While that is not forbidden, it is possible that a political bias could be present.  That being said, however, I agree that the article does not appear much on a google search.  However, since the article is already referenced at political locations such as dKosopedia, it is likely that the term may not be a "neologism", but a term whose use is on the increase.  To me, merging with the DINO article seems to be the most sensible course of action.--Mitsukai 04:13, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: This article is copied from dKosopedia. That text is also under the GFDL, but Wikipedia's article should cite the source. Also, we should make sure that the term appears in places other than dKos, as it might have been invented by that article's writer. Twinxor t 05:25, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Is it copied from dKosopedia? A cursory look that I took made me think this was the older article (though it was a cursory look; I may have erred).  It could very well be a neologism, if that's the case.--Mitsukai 13:18, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with DINO. After looking at the situation surrounding Cindy Sheehan, I agree. There is political bias among the writers. This article is either a Keep or Merge. It doesn't really matter to me that people have favorable or unfavorable support for our President and anyone in politics. But it would be fair to keep a neutral stance to addressing people. And let's not put too much NPOV for certain names. I mean when I first done it, I thought it was just point out O'Reilly and Dean, but nowadays I refuse to use that tag-line unless describing a hot-button issue. LILVOKA 14:33 26, August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Aside from the dKosopedia hit, the only hits on a google serach for this phrase are to Wikipedia articles where it is being used. This is an attempt to use Wikipedia to coin a new phrase and should be deleted. — Linnwood 05:56, 14 September 2005 (UTC)
 * This afd nomination was orphaned. Listing now.  No opinion. —Cryptic (talk) 10:53, 18 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Inherently subjective and anecdotal. I'm nominating DINO as well. / Peter Isotalo 17:00, 18 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, term appears to be current (and separate from "DINO"), but needs to cite sources. Please don't nominate DINO, it will be an annoying experience for all. Sdedeo 19:17, 18 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete this, DINO, RINO, and similar. Inherently POV and non-encyclopedic, especially the lists. These are just political point-making at core. -- MCB 21:47, 18 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not inherently NPOV, but a neologism. --Calton | Talk 21:19, 19 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I think this is ridiculous and probably made-up, but apparantly some others don't agree, and their opinions should be respected. --Matt Yeager 00:42, 23 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge as appropriate, and redirect to DINO. Oh, and some notable sources would be nice, too.  Alai 00:57, 23 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge ··gracefool |☺ 16:32, 25 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: This entry is the epitome of NPOV. Its connotation is a point of view on Fox News's (supposed?) political bias. One can not understand the meaning of the phrase unless one take a certain view of Fox News. — Linnwood 00:43, 26 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The term is POV, but having an article about a POV term is not inherently POV. Paul August ☎ 02:18, 28 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. Appears to be a neologism, would need references to demonstrate otherwise. — Paul August ☎ 02:19, 28 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Neologism.  I see no serious arguments for keeping; not a single source cited, and I couldn't find one, either.  The article's wildly inaccurate to boot: Susan Estrich, who just got into a big pissing match to the left of Michael Kinsley, is hardly a DINO; and no one tries to claim Zell Miller is a liberal.  The Susan Estrich article needs to be cleaned up, as well.  -- FRCP11 04:35, 28 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect to DINO, and another call for citations. --Dhartung | Talk 06:15, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I think without citations, it should be considered a neologism and there should be no article titled "Fox News liberal" i.e it should be deleted. I think most or all of the content could probably be merged somewhere else, (DINO seems reasonable), and the term could perhaps even be discussed after the manner some have used the term "Fox News liberal" to describe …  or the even weaker: could be described as a "Fox News liberal. Paul August ☎ 16:22, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User:Ppfooie

Hello and welcome!

title: User:Ppfooie


text:
Talk:Coq Roq

old discussions
One question... how exactly is the phrase "Bob your head" supposed to be offensive to women? I don't get it... --64.12.116.199 08:16, 7 January 2006 (UTC)

Think "oral sex".

Only you would think that. They're chickens for crying out loud. You've been listening to too much rap. 24.170.127.13 18:36, 22 November 2006 (UTC)

Not a good band?
While I couldn't find the court ruling online, I really doubt the court threw out the case because Slipknot is "not a good band". (though I agree)

?
it says "little is known about the actors or musicians involved" - is that meaning Slipknot? because that is VERY far from the truth.... —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Death.by.maggots (talk • contribs) 00:09, 26 April 2007 (UTC).

title: Talk:Coq Roq


text:
Talk:Velma Dinkley

Lesbian or not?
I must say that I disagree with the modern speculation that Velma was a lesbian. The reason I say this is because I have always identified w/Velma and I happen to be hetero. Here's what I think was really the deal: I think that Velma always had a crush on Fred, but knowing that she could never compete with Daphne for Fred's affections, she submerged herself in her only comfort, academia. Really, many average-looking, glasses-wearing, slightly stocky, brainiac girls (are there that many of us??) are so intimidated by aesthetically beautiful women - there's no way that we would set ourselves up for that kind of humiliation; it's better to just show off the only stuff that we've got - our brains and humor - and hope that the guy will someday figure it out. I've been there and done that; and if the guy's that shallow, we're never going to win his affections (we know that he's not worth winning, anyway, but media driven social icons and imaging are difficult things to shake). I don't think that Velma ever allowed herself to get to a point where she realized that, or perhaps she was just so head over heels that just traipsing after Fred in any capacity was better than nothing at all. It's a bit dysfunctional, but more believable than the lesbian theory, to me. See, there were only two men for Velma to choose from: Fred or Shaggy. Fred was obviously a cad, but he was smarter than Shaggy. And while good-hearted, Shaggy wasn't very bright. While dumb guys might be good for a tumble, they get boring after a while to a girl who needs someone who can understand what she's saying. It's really a pity, though, that Velma was never introduced to anyone with whom she could share her interests, male or female. Must've been lonely - no wonder she closeted herself with data. (Hmmm... unintentional pun, but I bet she would have rather enjoyed the companionship of a certain Mr. Data...) Ppfooie 04:12, 24 August 2005 (UTC) Uhhhhhhhhhh....it's a cartoon# Xx AKJ xx (talk) 16:12, 12 September 2017 (UTC)

Does it really matter if she is a lesbian or not why do you really care. Ah, well, Tasha Yar once got literally closeted with Data, as I recall... Wencer 08:16, 26 January 2006 (UTC) Well, she did have a sort of romantic relationship in one of the movies. With a guy.--Marhawkman 22:10, 5 October 2006 (UTC) That Define forced her into.Anubiz 17:28, 26 April 2007 (UTC) It's OBVIOUS she's lesbian! She has a MAJOR crush on Daphne and hates Fred as he has always loved her and dated her and so has Daphne (it is portrayed that they do it all the time). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.152.249.38 (talk) 17:50, 17 January 2008 (UTC) Since were on the subject, as a guy I don't think she was gay. I think she just represents an archetype ideal of women. Just like Daphne does. I think the writers of the show were very aware of this. It's kind of like the "veronica Vs. Betty" test but with a lot more contrast. As a single guy, I can testify that I have gone through a lot of Daphnes in my life but the Velmas are much more fun. Yes, she is, and the new back there has a point. Daphne did force her into that relationship. B.Lax 14:44, 23 May 2007 (UTC)

I Don't think she is like that. It's a cartoon and I think that she just hasn't met the right guy. Percy Fan Girl 44  CHAT  09:21, 23 April 2010 (UTC)

One of the possible "theories" regarding the question of her sexuality may be that her character was inspired by The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis character Zelda Gilroy, who was portrayed by Sheila James, an open lesbian. The Zelda character was clearly heterosexual as her affection for the title (male) character was a key element of the series, but she was the same nerdy, intellectual, bookworm-type character as Velma, which seems to follow common stereotypes.Mal7798 (talk) 01:21, 29 May 2010 (UTC)

The theory has been partially put to rest with Scooby-Doo! Mystery Incorporated, in which she's in a quiet relationship with Shaggy of all people. Thought this may change with later incarnations. Ztyran —Preceding undated comment added 02:02, 11 July 2010 (UTC).

 * On one of his posts for Pride Month 2020, Tony Cervone posted two pictures of Velma in front of a rainbow flag alongside another female character (Marcie?). I saw screenshots of him later discussing that they queer-coded Velma as much as possible for the time and that her relationship(s) with Shaggy were intentionally flawed in order to reflect that she was struggling in a relationship with a man. Perhaps time to create a section on the page at least mentioning the discussion/controversy? Public Identity (talk) 19:07, 13 July 2020 (UTC)

 * In 2017, Mystery Incorporated's main writer, Mitch Watson, was interviewed on "The Nightfly with Dave Juskow" and stated that they wrote the character as gay on the show, saying that they tried to portray Velma and Marcie as being in a relationship, and saying "We weren't allowed to ever say that. If you watch the series it's pretty much about a girl struggling with her sexuality and then she figures it out by the end." Tony Cervone, Co-creator of Mystery Incorporated, basically just restated what Watson already said: she was intended to be a gay character that spent part of the first season realizing that she was gay. I'm genuinely surprised this wasn't already mentioned in the article, since it's old news at this point. 23:50, 13 July 2020 (UTC)

 * Hi - We need actual citations in order to put any lesbian talk into the page. It isn't old news as in the past its always been fancruft. Word of mouth / Original Research doesn't count. Ckruschke (talk) 17:14, 17 September 2020 (UTC)Ckruschke

Cartoon Network setup with Johnny Bravo
These two cartoon characters are together, aren't they? There was a mini cartoon shown on Cartoon Network where Johnny fell in love with Velma, though eventually they had to break up because Velma had to go and solve mysteries with the rest of Mystery, Inc.. --63.206.117.150 08:15, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

We are talking about the people that came up with Squirl boy here.Anubiz 18:26, 26 April 2007 (UTC)

In the Johnny Bravo episode "Bravo Dooby Doo", Johnny gets into the Mystery Machine, and gets hit on by Velma. He seems to be interested in Daphne, who denies Bravo through the entire episode. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.183.234.13 (talk) 16:20, 8 September 2008 (UTC)

Just a fun fact: Van Partible, creator of Johnny Bravo, went to LMU with two Velmas:  Mindy Cohn and Linda Cardellini. Small world! DFS (talk) 09:29, 23 July 2010 (UTC)

Unique name?
I must say I'm not certain, but was the name "velma" created for this character? I've never heard it used anywhere else. 71.224.228.244 02:18, 4 August 2006 (UTC)
 * No. It's an obscure name. But after doing a google search I was able to locate several instance that had to predate this character. --Marhawkman 01:05, 6 October 2006 (UTC)
 * My Grandmother's name is Velma and she is in her 90's. I was shocked to come here when I typed in "Velma" while going through the various names of people I know. Many names have pages describing where the names come from. Are we sure that "Velma" should re-direct here? Failureofafriend (talk) 06:06, 4 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Oh, I though you meant her surname, "Dinkley". It was never actually used in the earleir cartoons; the first occurence of it being in A Pup Named Scooby-Doo. I thought it referred to the "dinka-dinka" sound used for her footsteps, but I recently heard it used in an episode of Dinky Dog (as a female-sounding fake name for Dinky, who was in a dress at the time). Perhaps not coincidentally, one of the girls there looks like a cuter Velma, with the same brownish-red bob cut--a ladies' style all the rage back in 1978, but which has not aged well. The_Iconoclast (talk) 14:53, 19 June 2020 (UTC)

More Lesbian info
Whether she is or not, the main Scooby-Doo page does have a whole subsection about the alleged sexual tones in it, and so i think that it should be at least mentioned in here, too. Violask81976 20:33, 12 April 2007 (UTC)

I agree Velma's life chose should be part of the ardical.Anubiz 17:29, 26 April 2007 (UTC)

I disagree. Mhawkins968 —Preceding unsigned comment added by Mhawkins968 (talk • contribs) 20:40, 17 November 2010 (UTC)
 * I believe the issue of potential homosexuality should not be re-added. It places undue weight on a topic that I believe is a non-issue for most people.  Also, the paper the section references contains the opinion of only one man, who, as a gay man himself who writes almost exclusively about gay issues, cannot be objective.  Judgeking (talk) 18:12, 8 December 2010 (UTC)
 * The above reply was cross-posted to many articles, without consideration to the article's contents and the particular proposed Dennis revisions. Considering the decision at the RS noticeboard here, a Wikipedian cannot make a blanket statement that a particular source is undue for all articles. It must be determined on an article by article basis. WhisperToMe (talk) 21:30, 8 December 2010 (UTC)
 * My reply is the same in each article, because the section was almost the same in each article. They all basically go "Dennis thinks this character may be gay. Martin Goodman of Animation World Magazine responded 'That's interesting'". Ridiculous we're even having this debate. (fyi, this current statement is also a blanket statement, as is yours above) Judgeking (talk) 22:16, 8 December 2010 (UTC)
 * 1."because the section was almost the same in each article" - That is not correct. And plus that response fails to consider that the articles themselves differ a lot. Undue weight is a consideration of the proposed revision and the existing article.
 * 2."They all basically go "Dennis thinks this character may be gay." - The Scooby Doo and Daria stuff don't say that at all. And with other characters there are explanations and qualifications added. The lengths of the latter do differ, with the original Pinky and the Brain revision taking far more space than the Heffer revision, for instance. The amount of space devoted to a subject or an idea within an article is a consideration for whether something is of undue weight.
 * 3."Martin Goodman of Animation World Magazine responded 'That's interesting'"" - To two (Spongebob and Pinky) - He challenged the analysis of some other characters. And even "that's interesting" adds weight to warranting inclusion of the Dennis stuff.
 * WhisperToMe (talk) 22:20, 8 December 2010 (UTC)

Dennis himself admits that he does not really think she's a lesbian, he just couldn't find any better examples. JDDJS (talk) 00:49, 9 December 2010 (UTC)
 * Yeah - he said that other people believe that she is one, based on the SMF source. In turn Goodman said that Dennis misread the SMF source. WhisperToMe (talk) 02:47, 9 December 2010 (UTC)

Please see Fringe_theories/Noticeboard WhisperToMe (talk) 02:47, 9 December 2010 (UTC)

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BetacommandBot (talk) 21:49, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

Eyesight
Legally blind (Wikipedia): "Central visual acuity of 20/200 or less in the better eye with corrective glasses." Velma can see fine with her glasses, so she's not legally blind.70.50.55.197 (talk) 03:14, 14 July 2009 (UTC) Her eyesight looks fine she always seems to find her glasses in the end. Why can't she just get contacts wouldn't that be easier? At least you won't lose them.

 * Good question. Until I developed cataracts and had cornea surgery, my vision was about as bad as Velma's and getting worse.  I also had astigmatism and my right eye turns in, giving me double vision.  I don't know how much of that could be corrected with contacts, but I do know that my eyes are very sensitive, to the point that I have to hold my eye open to get drops into it, so contacts are simply out of the question.  I still have the double vision, but can work around it (decades of practice) and the rest of my vision is almost perfect.  Maybe Velma is like me and can't wear contacts.  JDZeff (talk) 18:30, 25 April 2020 (UTC)

Lump in Velma's socks What is she hiding???
What is the mysterious lump part-way down Velma's left sock? I saw a licensed stage production recently and noticed that her costume included this feature, which I remember from the original cartoons. It's missing on most images I can find online but the costume designer must have decided it was worth going out-of-the-way to include. Does anybody know what this is? Mrstonky (talk) 17:51, 30 July 2010 (UTC)

Its her magnifying glass most likely. She has it every episode, but her outfit is devoid of pockets and she doesn't carry a purse. Thats not confirmed or based on any source really... just my thoughts. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.169.145.145 (talk) 07:42, 5 October 2010 (UTC)

Marina "Velma" Dinkley?
The latest edits, here, have changed the name of the character to the above from 'Velma Elizabeth Dinkley'; I can't find any refs to this online from a cursory search, excluding wikipedia, so am wondering where this came from, or if it is indeed a legitimate change. Also some of the dates, such as Linda Cardellini have been changed. She's been added for 2011 for instance yet imdb doesn't have a listing for her playing this role in 2011, so also wondering about those changes. I'm also wondering if appearences in a spoof really count as playing the character, rather than simply portraying a spoof of the character. Especially if it was for something like one of the split second skits on Robot Chicken, that doesn't really seem like a notable appearence.Number36 (talk) 20:40, 11 March 2012 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the note - looks like a recent idiot which I appear to have missed. I'll go through and change everything back. Ckruschke (talk) 18:29, 12 March 2012 (UTC)Ckruschke

Deleted biased/unsupported "Reception" section which recounts Velma's "lesbian tendencies"
I think it is time to have this discussion again (as in 2007 & 2010) about why there is ANY talk of Valma being a lesbian on this page.

Therefore, I have deleted the Reception section as 100% of it is either original research, puffery opinions, non-NPOV talk, or plain honest wishful thinking of an obviously biased few. Velma is time and again depicted as either A) having only professional or familial relationships with the people around her (treating Freddy, Daphne, and Shaggy as family and the adults involved in the case as well adults), B) attracted to the other sex in sophomoric, "gee isn't he cute" sort of way, or C) interested in serious relationship with only Shaggy (particularly in the Mystery Inc series). Yes there are a few notable exceptions that COULD indicate otherwise, but after 100's of shows I think we know how Velma is portrayed and it isn't as a lesbian. Ckruschke (talk) 17:47, 10 April 2012 (UTC)Ckruschke
 * Strongly disagree, the section is on the page because it exists in reliable sources, it's also explicitly neutral in its wording. I mean, the 'Relationships' and 'Relatives' sections could even go before this, as entirely unsourced OR. And the section doesn't really 'recount Velma's lesbian tendencies', if anything it merely explains the context of the idea, and dispels it as anything concrete within the continuity.Number36 (talk) 22:01, 10 April 2012 (UTC)
 * I agree with you - their is alot of unsourced content on the page. However, although unsourced, the Relationships and Relatives sections at least (mostly) recounts content on the shows. However, the "Reception" is basically fan fiction. Just because content is "sourced" doesn't mean that you suddenly have some reliable, germaine piece of information and just because some idiot in Hollywood says "oh, she's definitely gay", doesn't mean anything. Everyone knows that people in the movie industry will do/say just about anything to sell a picture and create controversy. This is wishful thinking of a fringe minority and should be treated as it is - trivia to be removed. Please don't get me wrong - this isn't a "I don't like homosexual ideas" thing. It's a "this stuff is pure nonsense" thing. Ckruschke (talk) 17:18, 11 April 2012 (UTC)Ckruschke
 * The section is not 'fan fiction', it's based on information from reliable sources and coverage in various media. It's a widely known piece of background popular lore about the character, the section merely describes the context of it, and as I said, basically dispels it in concluding that there's nothing concrete within the fiction in any case. Though noting that scenes were planned and written for the film version certainly seems noteworthy. The citations all appear to be reliable sources, and the 'idiot' who expressed a view anything along those lines was the writer of the two major films, so certainly germaine to note. Though actually, neither he nor anything else quoted says anything about her 'definitely' being anything; You seem to be trying to present the section as though it actually asserts this is a fact about the character when it does not. Now an OR recounting of every minor character introduced or mentioned in any series or film as a relative of Velma, that sounds like trivia. Even if you think the idea itself is 'wishful thinking', that doesn't make the section wishful thinking nor provide a reason to remove it, indeed one of the sources even explicitly describes it in those terms.Number36 (talk) 21:58, 11 April 2012 (UTC)

 * I continue to violently disagree - the info has a circular "although people say "X", it really isn't substantiated" which makes it basically pointless. However, I see your points to the contrary and therefore retract my original request to delete the info. I only request your help to ensure that this section doesn't get out of hand with the inevitable nonsense that the Scooby-Doo pages seem to attract. Respectfully yours - Ckruschke (talk) 13:41, 12 April 2012 (UTC)Ckruschke

I note you went ahead and deleted this in November 2015 without consensus Ckruschke, ignoring the above objections. As the section was cited from reliable sources, the assertion that it was merely 'fancruft' was false, I'm restoring it here for review belowNumber36 (talk) 06:24, 28 August 2016 (UTC)
 * Members of the fanbase of the original Scooby-Doo speculated that Velma was a lesbian, even though the cartoon Scooby-Doo series' either do not explicitly refer to Velma's sexuality or clearly portray her as heterosexual. James Gunn, the screenwriter of the Scooby-Doo film, said that he was "pretty sure she's gay." Linda Cardellini, the actress who portrayed Velma in the film, said "There were a few scenes where Velma comes out of her shell. I wouldn't say she comes out of the closet." Cardellini added, "I thought more along the lines that maybe her sexuality is a little ambiguous." Jeffrey P. Dennis, author of "The Same Thing We Do Every Night: Signifying Same-Sex Desire in Television Cartoons," argued that the romantic connection between Velma and Daphne Blake is "mostly wishful thinking" because Velma and Daphne "barely acknowledge each other's existence."  The makers of the film script inserted a reference to the rumor, where Velma ogles Daphne, in a draft script and the writers later intended for Velma to kiss Daphne, but the scenes were never filmed.

About Velma's full name
I was long under the impression the character of Velma's full name was Velma Dace Dinkley, and not Madelyn "Velma" Dinkley, as stated in the article. A simple search on Google returns a number of sites that refer to Velma as Velma Dace Dinkley. The only Madelyn Dinkley references I can find are for Velma's younger sister. Samuel.Vincent52 (talk) 18:18, 9 June 2012 (UTC)

 * Fixed. Was changed by a malicious anonymous editor and it looks like I missed it. Ckruschke (talk) 11:02, 13 June 2012 (UTC)Ckruschke
 * Seems to be some more disagreement over her middle name, it was stated to be 'Elizabeth', and then changed to 'Dacey', I've removed both as neither had a Reliable Source or cite to back them up. Also this character exists in more than one iteration of the fiction, just because in continuity they state a name it doesn't necessarily inherently apply to the character across all of those. For instance if in a re-booted film, they state her name to be 'Velma Nancy Dinkley', it doesn't mean that was her middle name in the original series, if in the orginal series no middle name was used, then there simply wasn't a middle name used for that character in that series; she didn't secretly have a middle name they didn't refer to, that would be an inapproriately in-universe perspective, in reality the only fictional facts that exist about are what are stated within the fiction. If in another version they used a different middle name, then in that version she was stated to have a different middle name. Either way, need an RS cite for inclusion, and preferably with context.Number36 (talk) 04:49, 1 October 2012 (UTC)
 * Agree. I should have just deleted it completely as I've never heard her last name. Ckruschke (talk) 12:00, 4 October 2012 (UTC)Ckruschke
 * Actually I do not think Velma's middle name was known until Curse of the Lake Monster. 184.58.22.86 (talk) 20:50, 27 February 2013 (UTC)

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Velma as a lesbian, again
There are too many threads on this already, but since many of them will be archived at some point, I decided to start another. What people have to remember is that the characters were created in the late-1960's, a time when gender roles weren't as clearly defined. There were plenty of women who weren't necessarily girly-girls (like Daphne), and weren't lesbians, while on the other hand there's also the phenomenon of the "lipstick lesbian." All the rumors about Velma being a lesbian seems to have started around the 1980's, and over time more people began to see her that way, hence the portrayal of her as one in movies such as "Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back," as well as the originally planned version of the 2002 live action movie. -User:DanTD (talk) 14:17, 11 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Yep - its simple uncited fancruft / revisionist history to be reverted immediately. Honestly I don't know why more woman don't come out against this reinterpretation since its essentially saying that since Velma is smart and wears glasses with plain clothes (although with miniskirt) and no noticeable makeup, then that "means" she's a lesbian??? That explains like 90% of all hard core feminists... Besides, there are multiple cartoons where she either dug Shaggy or a male guest star. Utter nonsense. Ckruschke (talk) 18:39, 11 September 2020 (UTC)Ckruschke

Semi-protected edit request on 6 October 2022
Make velma a lesbian it is canon and change her love interest as well 92.239.66.195 (talk) 15:22, 6 October 2022 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: Already discussed in the article. See Velma Dinkley with sources that support the content.  General Ization  Talk  15:48, 6 October 2022 (UTC)

Pop Culture Homage
In the 70s animated show called "Wait till Your Father Gets Home", episode 13, in the scene showing "used wives" (~3 minutes in), one of the models is dressed remarkably like Velma, which may or may not have been an intentional homage to its fellow cartoon of "Scooby-doo" that had premiered around a year before. Those who edit this page can review the episode and decide or not inclusion into this page is desirable. 2.132.13.1 (talk) 19:15, 24 December 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Velma Dinkley


text:
Michael Witt

Michael Witt (born 1 January 1984) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played in Australasia's National Rugby League (NRL) competition for the Parramatta Eels, Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles and the New Zealand Warriors, before a season playing rugby union in the Air New Zealand Cup. He then returned to rugby league, playing in the Super League for Crusaders RL and the London Broncos. Witt then played one more season in Australia for the St. George Illawarra Dragons.

Background
Growing up in Toowoomba, Queensland, Witt attended Harristown State High School where he was a champion junior boxer and played rugby league for the Newtown Lions in the local junior competition, and he later went on to represent Queensland in rugby league at the Under 15 level in 1999 and the Under 16 level in 2000. During 1999 he was spotted by the Parramatta Eels as a player with much potential and he was offered a scholarship by the club, which he accepted, and in the following year he moved to Sydney to join his older brother Steven at Parramatta, where he spent the next three seasons in the lower grades. During the 2002 season, Witt played in the SG Ball Grand Final, where his Parramatta team was defeated 18-16 by the Western Suburbs Magpies. When Parramatta's regular halfback Paul Green was injured (causing his retirement from the game), Witt was promoted to the team as Green's replacement to make his National Rugby League début on 2 May 2003. Despite a very promising début from Witt, Parramatta were soundly beaten 44-12 by the Sydney Roosters in a Friday night game at Parramatta Stadium.

Parramatta Eels
Before Witt's debut, Parramatta had won just two games from seven in 2003, and were looking very likely to be out of the semi-finals race very early on in the season. But Witt sparked the disappointing Eels to life, and the team won ten from their last fourteen games of the season to narrowly miss qualifying for the semi-finals. In one of his early games in the NRL he encountered extreme disappointment in missing two crucial, but easy (by his standards) goals which saw Parramatta lose narrowly 18–16 to the New Zealand Warriors.

On The Michael Witt Story that aired on The NRL Footy Show later that year, Witt admitted that he felt like he had let the whole Parramatta organisation down with those missed attempts at goal, but he soon quickly overcame this early setback to become one of the form players in the NRL with many commentators impressed with his maturity and the sharpness of his skills. Some of the highlights of his first season included the sideline conversion to seal Parramatta's come-from-behind victory over the North Queensland Cowboys at Parramatta Stadium, and his first half effort against the South Sydney Rabbitohs at Sydney Football Stadium, where his two classy tries set up Parramatta's easy 34–20 win.

Witt scored a haul of 18 points in that match, and was Parramatta's leading pointscorer in 2003 with 104 points from three tries, 45 goals and two field goals. His great first season in the NRL saw him win Parramatta's Rookie of the Year award as well as being selected in the New South Wales Under 19 team to play Queensland in an interstate representative match. Unfortunately though for Witt, a shoulder injury prevented him from playing. He was also among the main contenders for the Dally M Rookie of the Year award, which was won by the Melbourne Storm's Billy Slater. Witt was rewarded for his great form with a new, lucrative four-year contract to stay with Parramatta.

2004 started promisingly with Witt being named in the emerging Queensland State of Origin squad in the early part of the season. However, he was very surprisingly not selected in first grade until Round 12, despite Parramatta's very poor form until that time and calls from many fans for him to be selected, wondering why Parramatta's Rookie of the Year just twelve months previously now seemed to be out of favour with Parramatta coach Brian Smith. Witt's return sparked a limited recovery for Parramatta, which included an upset 26–12 victory over eventual Grand Finalists the Sydney Roosters, with Witt's pinpoint accurate bombs resulting in three tries for winger Luke Burt.

But the Eels finished well down the ladder with just nine wins to finish 12th. Adding to the disappointment was Witt receiving a two-week suspension for a dangerous throw in a game against the Newcastle Knights in June. But the most disappointing occurrence of 2004 happened post season, when Parramatta announced that Witt was "not in their first grade plans" for 2005, despite him having another three years to go on his contract. This came just weeks after he turned in a supreme effort against the New Zealand Warriors where he scored 24 points from two tries and eight goals in a 48–18 win at Parramatta Stadium, and had scored 72 points from three tries and 30 goals in his limited appearances during the course of the season. However, upon his release by Parramatta, Witt was very quickly signed by the Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles as part of their impressive build-up for the 2005 season and during the 2004-05 off season, Witt employed the tutoring of Australian soccer great Graham Arnold to further finesse his goalkicking talents.

Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles
Witt, along with fellow blue chip signings Ben Kennedy and Brent Kite, added much needed player strength at Manly in 2005 and the club qualified for its first semi finals series since 1998 and finished in eighth position. For the first half of the season Manly was among the dominant teams of the NRL, and Witt's form correspondingly at five-eighth was some of the best of his career to date, prompting Manly officials to publicly thank Parramatta for releasing him. Among the highlights were excellent performances in the victories over eventual Premiers Wests Tigers and in the amazing come-from-behind win against the Penrith Panthers. Penrith led 26-6 early in the second half, before a Witt-inspired Manly team powered home to win 36–26 at Brookvale Oval. Also during this period, Witt kicked 20 successive goals without a miss. However, Manly found wins hard to come by in the second half of the season, and Witt experienced the same frustrations that plagued his 2004. In a match in July against the Wests Tigers, he received a one-week suspension for striking Liam Fulton. And after a disappointing 36–10 loss to the St George Illawarra Dragons a few weeks later, Witt was dropped from the first grade squad after being targeted by the big Dragons forwards due to his perceived defensive deficiencies. Manly coach Des Hasler used a number of forwards at five-eighth in subsequent games, but with very little success, and Witt was drafted back into the side for the semi-final against Parramatta. Despite Manly being hopelessly outclassed 46–22 to be eliminated, Witt sent the crowd alight by scoring one of the best tries of 2005, as he weaved through the Parramatta defence and sprinted fifty metres to score under the posts. However, this great moment was marred by yet another two-week suspension, this time for a high tackle on Eels Mark Riddell. Witt was among the leading pointscorers in the NRL for 2005, scoring 140 points from five tries and 60 goals from 19 appearances.

With Witt's two match suspension ruling him ineligible in Manly's two NRL-sanctioned pre-season trial matches for 2006, unproven rookie Travis Burns was able to take advantage of his absence and was preferred by coach Des Hasler as Manly's regular five-eighth for the season (despite Witt being the incumbent in that position at the end of 2005), and Witt was given only one start in first grade for the year against Newcastle in Round 17 (following Burns' suspension for one week). Witt performed very credibly in his only appearance, despite Manly's 26–12 loss at Brookvale Oval. Starting the year in the NSWRL Premier League, Witt's class shone even further in lesser company, playing at both five-eighth and halfback and helping Manly to a number of large victories, with the team finishing fourth and just missed qualifying for the Grand Final. This strong form throughout 2006 led to Witt's selection at five-eighth for the NSW Residents team to play Queensland Residents in a representative match played prior to the third State of Origin match at the Telstra Dome in Melbourne, where Witt steered NSW Residents to a comfortable 28–20 win. He was also the first player in the Premier League competition to score 100 points for the season, a mark he reached in early May, and finished the year with 256 points from 17 tries and 94 goals.

As opportunities at Manly became increasingly limited, Witt signed with the New Zealand Warriors for the 2007 season on a one-year contract.

New Zealand Warriors
Witt arrived at his new club in November 2006 determined to re-establish himself as a regular NRL player after the lean season he'd just had at Manly, and strong performances in the three trial matches at five-eighth saw Witt earn a spot for the opening round game for 2007 against Parramatta, where the Warriors eased to a resounding 34–18 win. In the following weeks, the Warriors continued their year in impressive fashion, winning five of their first seven games with the fifth win coming in the final seconds against South Sydney courtesy of a radar-like controlled kick from Witt that set up a try for winger Todd Byrne. Witt settled in well within the team and his good early season form impressed club officials enough to quickly extend his contract from the original one-year deal to the end of 2009. Following this win against the Rabbitohs though the Warriors fell into a slump, losing their next five games with Witt being briefly shifted to halfback after the regular no.7 Grant Rovelli was dropped for poor form. Also during this losing streak Witt received a one-week suspension for a dangerous throw on Misi Taulapapa in the Warriors' narrow loss to Cronulla at Mount Smart Stadium. With the Warriors' designated kicker Tony Martin being left out of the team that round, Witt assumed the kicking duties. While Tony Martin was back the following week against Penrith, he was injured early in the game, and Witt again assumed the role of goalkicker (and for rest of the season) and finished the game with 20 points from two tries and six goals (his biggest haul in a game since 2005). After landing eight goals from eight attempts, his unbroken run of successful goals in the NRL competition grew to 25 (stretching back to his only first grade appearance in 2006), and was only 10 short of the record set by Bulldogs winger, Hazem El Masri. However Witt's run ended a week later against the Wests Tigers at 28, after missing a conversion from out wide. By this time, the Warriors were well ensconced in the top eight, and they qualified for the finals well placed in fourth position. However successive losses in the finals to Parramatta and North Queensland ended the Warriors' hopes for 2007. Also during 2007, Witt broke Daryl Halligan's record for the best success rate in a season, with his kicking percentage for the year being 92.5% (62 goals from 67 attempts). The previous record set by Halligan was 87.1% in 2000.

Season 2008 started slowly for the Warriors and Witt, and Witt turned in arguably his worst performance of his career in Round 3 as the Warriors were crushed 52-6 by eventual premiers Manly at Brookvale Oval. But the Warriors recovered to win 3 of their next 5 games before Witt badly damaged his hip while attempting a penalty goal against the Canberra Raiders which sidelined him for the next four games. Witt struggled on his return and was dropped after two games, however the Warriors' mid season slump failed to be halted with new halves Nathan Fien and Grant Rovelli, and following a narrow loss to last placed South Sydney on which goalkicking was decisive, Witt returned for the Round 22 game against the Brisbane Broncos on which the team began a remarkable surge towards the semi-finals to finish in 8th position, setting up a sudden death Qualifying Final match against the Melbourne Storm at Olympic Park Stadium.

Few gave the eighth-placed Warriors much hope against the minor premiers, especially as no eighth team had ever beaten first since the McIntyre system was introduced in 1999. However the Warriors fought all the way, and with just minutes remaining only trailed 14–15. Suddenly Manu Vatuvei made a break down field, finding Witt in support who taunted the Melbourne defenders by waving the ball in the air before placing it down to give the Warriors a shock 18–15 win. The Warriors backed the win up with a comfortable 30–13 win over the Sydney Roosters in the semi-final at Mount Smart Stadium before being eliminated 32-6 by Manly in the Preliminary Final at the Sydney Football Stadium.

In 2009 Witt was expected to face competition for the spot from new signing Joel Moon. The Warriors strangely told him that they didn't expect to use him in 2009, and he would instead he probably spend the season playing in the NSW Cup for the Auckland Vulcans. This led Witt to look for a new club and he was linked with the Penrith Panthers and Melbourne Storm before he finally decided to switch codes.

Rugby union
In March 2009 Witt switched to rugby union, signing with the New Zealand Rugby Union and the Otago Rugby Union. He played in the Air New Zealand Cup in 2009. Witt has said he aims to playing international rugby for the All Blacks.

Witt played for the Taieri Eels in Dunedin Club Competition before making the Otago squad. He made his début for Otago in a July pre-season match. He went on to play seven games in the Air New Zealand Cup, six of them from the bench, and kicked one penalty goal.

St George Illawarra Dragons
In December 2009 it was announced that Witt had decided to return to rugby league, signing with Wales-based Super League club Crusaders. On 29 January, Witt scored Crusaders first points of 2010, and the first points of 2010's Super League XV with a penalty kick in their 34–6 loss to Leeds Rhinos. Midway through the Super League season, Witt was considered a top contender for player of the year. However, his season was cut short by an injury to his knee. On 30 June 2011, Witt signed a new 3-year deal keeping him at Crusaders until the end of the 2014 season. However, following the demise of the Crusaders, Witt joined the London Broncos, starting in 2012. Witt signed with the St. George Illawarra Dragons for 2014. He played the first 4 games before being injured. By the time he returned, the Dragons had signed Benji Marshall and Witt did not play another game. He retired at the end of the season.

Modelling and charity work
Witt's boy next door good looks have seen him appear in various rugby league charity calendars and magazines. In late 2005, Witt was photographed at the Radisson Kestrel Hotel, Manly (now the Manly Sebel) for the League Of Their Own 2006 calendar that was produced in the style of the famous Dieux du Stade calendars to raise money for the Koori Kids foundation, and following this Witt was included in Cosmopolitan magazine's Boys With Balls '06 feature which profiled 20 of the sexiest footballers of the year from both the NRL and AFL competitions. He was also the male centrefold for the November 2006 issue of Cleo magazine, and was featured on the front cover of the Naked Rugby League 2007-08 charity calendar (and for February 2007) with proceeds from its sales going to the National Breast Cancer Foundation of Australia.

Witt was also a finalist in the 2007 Adidas Action 3 Sexiest Man in League competition, which was won by Manly fullback Brett Stewart following a public online and SMS vote, and was featured for January for the accompanying Sexiest Man In League 2008 calendar. In late 2008 Witt was photographed at the home of celebrity agent Max Markson in Dover Heights for inclusion in both the Rugby League and International editions of the Gods of Football calendars, a charity initiative to raise funds for the McGrath Foundation. Witt also appeared in the behind-the-scenes production DVD of the Gods of Football calendars which was released in February 2009.

Witt appeared on the cover and for a five-page story in the August 2011 issue of Attitude Active magazine.

title: Michael Witt


text: User talk:203.193.213.33

title: User talk:203.193.213.33


text: Template:Swiss Super League

title: Template:Swiss Super League


text: Category:Nizlopi albums

title: Category:Nizlopi albums


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George Norlin

George Norlin (April 1, 1871 – March 31, 1942) was president of the University of Colorado. During his tenure as president, Norlin oversaw the redesign of the campus in Boulder, Colorado.

Early life and education
Norlin was born in Concordia, in Cloud County, Kansas, the son of Gustaf Wilhelm Norlin (1821–1911) and Valborg Fahnehielm Norlin (1832–1887), both Swedish immigrants who arrived in the United States in 1869. He moved to Fish Creek, Wisconsin with his family in 1879. Norlin received his Bachelor of Arts in Greek from Hastings College in 1893. He worked as a Greek instructor there before studying at the University of Chicago, where he received a Ph.D. magna cum laude in Greek in 1900. He also attended the Sorbonne in Paris in 1902. Norlin was a member of Phi Beta Kappa and the Phi Gamma Delta fraternity.

Academia
Professor Norlin taught Greek language and literature at the University of Colorado from April 1899 to 1917. He was named acting president of the University of Colorado in May 1917 when university president Livingston Farrand left for France to head the Rockefeller Foundation. Norlin was unanimously elected president on February 24, 1919 after Farrand resigned outright.

During his tenure as President of the University of Colorado, he oversaw the redesign of the Boulder campus under the plans of noted architect, Charles Zeller Klauder. The first building done in the university's distinctive Tuscan Vernacular Revival was completed in 1921. Fifteen other buildings in that style, including a men's and women's gymnasium, a student union, a fieldhouse, a library, and student dormitories, were built during Norlin's presidency.

Norlin is also remembered for resisting efforts by the Ku Klux Klan, which had taken control of the Colorado legislature in about 1922. The Klan insisted he dismiss all Catholic and Jewish faculty, but he resisted and guided the University through the years until 1926, when the Klan lost control of the legislature and governorship. During that period, the University subsisted on a millage built into the state constitution; its budget was cut to zero.

By appointment of Columbia University, Norlin spent the 1932–33 year as Theodore Roosevelt Professor of American Life and Institutions at the University of Berlin. After his time in Germany, he spoke and wrote articles warning of the dangers of Nazism and antisemitism. He was a Weil Lecturer at the University of North Carolina in 1934 and was also a trustee of the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.

During Norlin's tenure, the University of Colorado saw its student population more than triple, from 1,278 in 1917 to 4,501 in 1939. After twenty years as university president, Norlin was set to retire on June 30, 1939. However, due to controversy over the appointment of his successor, Norlin remained president until Robert L. Stearns succeeded him on September 8, 1939.

Personal life
George Norlin married Mildred "Minnie" Covert Deutcher on June 21, 1904 in Cleveland, Ohio. They had a daughter, Agnes (1905–1994). Norlin died in Boulder on March 31, 1942. He was predeceased by Minnie by 27 hours.

Legacy
The Norlin Library, located in the Norlin Quadrangle of the University of Colorado, was named in his honor in 1944. The University of Colorado at Boulder offers the Norlin Scholars Program for highly motivated students with excellent academic or creative ability. The George Norlin Award at the University of Colorado honors alumni of the University for distinguished lifetime achievement. Norlin's June 1935 commencement address, now known as the Norlin Charge, is still read to graduates at the University of Colorado's commencement ceremony.

Selected works

 * Fascism and Citizenship (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1934)
 * Integrity in Education and Other Papers (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1926)
 * Isocrates in 3 volumes in Loeb Classical Library (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press): only Vol. 1 (1928) and Vol. 2 (1929); Vol. 3 published by Larue van Hook
 * An Odious Comparison (Phi Beta Kappa Addresses, Columbia, Mo., 1917)
 * The Quest of American Life (Boulder, Colo: University of Colorado, 1945)
 * Things in the Saddle: Selected Essays and Addresses by George Norlin (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1940)

Other sources

 * Benson, Adolph B.; Naboth Hedin Swedes In America (New York: Haskel House Publishers. 1969)
 * Ellsworth, Ralph E. (editor) A Voice from Colorado's past for the present : selected writings of George Norlin (Boulder, Colo. : Colorado Associated University Press, c1985)

title: George Norlin


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Bryce Hospital

Bryce Hospital opened in 1861 in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, United States. It is Alabama's oldest and largest inpatient psychiatric facility. First known as the Alabama State Hospital for the Insane and later as the Alabama Insane Hospital, the building is considered an architectural model. The hospital houses 268 beds for acute care, treatment and rehabilitation of full-time (committed) patients. The Mary Starke Harper Geriatric Psychiatry Hospital, a separate facility on the same campus, provides an additional 100 beds for inpatient geriatric care. The main facility was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.

History
The plans for a state hospital for the mentally ill in Alabama began in 1852. The new facility was planned from the start to utilize the "moral architecture" concepts of 1830s activists Thomas Story Kirkbride and Dorothea Dix. Dix's reformist ideas, in particular, are credited as the driving force behind the construction of the hospital. Architect Samuel Sloan designed the Italianate building using the Kirkbride Plan. Construction of the building began in 1853 but was not completed until 1859. The hospital was the first building in Tuscaloosa with gas lighting and central heat, "all clad in a fashionable Italianate exterior."

The Alabama Insane Hospital opened in 1861. It was later renamed for its first superintendent, Peter Bryce, who had first begun as a 27-year-old psychiatric pioneer from South Carolina. Bryce had been brought to the attention of the hospital trustees by Dix. He had studied mental-health care in Europe and worked in psychiatric hospitals in New Jersey, as well as his native state of South Carolina. His tenure was marked by absolute discipline among the staff of the hospital. He demanded that patients be given courtesy, kindness and respect at all times. The use of shackles, straitjackets and other restraints was discouraged, and finally abandoned altogether in 1882. Various work programs and other activities were encouraged, including farming, sewing, maintenance and crafts. Between 1872 and the early 1880s, some of the patients wrote and edited their newspaper, called The Meteor. These writings provide a rare inside look at life in a progressive mental institution in the late 19th century. At that time, Bryce's management and commitment to "scientific treatments" was recognized around the country as being in a class of its own.

Decline
During the 20th century, the patient population expanded while standards of care fell to abysmal levels. Alabama Governor Lurleen Wallace viewed the facility in February 1967, and was moved to tears after an overweight, mentally challenged nine-year-old attempted to hug her, crying, "Mama! Mama!" She lobbied her husband, George Wallace (who held the actual power of her governorship) for more funds for the institution.

In 1970, Alabama ranked last among U.S. states in funding for mental health. Bryce Hospital at that time had 5,200 patients living in conditions that a Montgomery Advertiser editor likened to a concentration camp. That same year, a cigarette tax earmarked for mental-health treatment was cut. One hundred Bryce employees were laid off, including twenty professional staff. Members of the Department of Psychology at the University of Alabama attempted to file suit on behalf of the laid-off workers, but Federal Judge Frank M. Johnson ruled that the courts had no standing to intervene on behalf of fired employees. He left open, however, the possibility of a suit filed on behalf of patients, whose quality of care was affected.

Wyatt v. Stickney
In October 1970, Ricky Wyatt, a fifteen-year-old who had always been labeled a "juvenile delinquent" and housed at Bryce despite not being diagnosed with a mental illness, became the named plaintiff in a class-action lawsuit. His aunt, Mildred Hunter Rawlins, was one of the employees who had been laid off. Together they testified about intolerable conditions and improper treatments designed only to make the patients more manageable. In 1971, the plaintiff class was expanded to include patients at Alabama's other inpatient mental health facilities, Searcy Hospital (Mt. Vernon), which from 1902 until 1939 was the only state facility serving African American patients, Partlow State School (Tuscaloosa), and the Jemison Center (Coker), which served African American patients in the northern half of the state from 1939 to 1969. Wyatt v. Stickney 's resulting court-ordered agreements formed the basis for federal minimum standards for the care of people with mental illness or developmental disabilities who reside in institutional settings. In 1999, a new settlement agreement was made, recognizing a great deal of progress. The case was finally dismissed on December 5, 2003, with the finding by Judge Myron H. Thompson that Alabama complied with the agreement.

The standards elaborated in that agreement have served as a model nationwide. Known as the "Wyatt Standards," they are founded on four criteria for evaluation of care:
 * Humane psychological and physical environment
 * Qualified and sufficient staff for the administration of treatment
 * Individualized treatment plans
 * Minimum restriction of patient freedom.

The case of Wyatt v. Stickney concluded after 33 years, the longest mental health case in United States history. The State of Alabama estimates its litigation expenses at over $15 million.

Future
Gov. Bob Riley announced on December 30, 2009, that Bryce Hospital was to relocate into a newly constructed facility across McFarland Boulevard in Tuscaloosa, and The University of Alabama (UA) would take over the current Bryce campus. For several years the university had sought the 180 acre parcel of land, which is adjacent to its landlocked campus.

Riley said that a hospital for about 268 patients had been envisioned but the final size was yet to be determined. The deal, approved by Gov. Bob Riley and the Alabama Department of Mental Health on December 30, 2009, was worth $72 million in cash, including the construction of a replacement hospital, which was done under UA's supervision and direction. The university paid $50 million in cash and Mental Health received another $22 million in state bond money. The university pledged another $10 million to clean up environmental problems on the Bryce grounds and restore the main hospital building, construction of which started in 1853.

The sale of Bryce Hospital and Harper Center to UA was finalized on May 27, 2010, for $87.75 million. $77 million would go to installments plus the aforementioned $10 million for ground improvements. In 2014, the remaining patients were moved to the new Bryce Hospital, constructed on the former Partlow Center grounds, and UA began a restoration project estimated at $40 million. Dan Wolfe, the University of Alabama planner, revealed the two buildings will house a welcome center, two museums focusing on mental health and the history of the university, event space and classrooms for performing arts students. The $83,750,000 project is ongoing.

title: Bryce Hospital


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User talk:Akai7tm

Test page...

title: User talk:Akai7tm


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User talk:Kairon

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Christianity Explained
I've added the "prod" template to the article Christianity Explained, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but I don't believe it satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and I've explained why in the deletion notice (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). Please either work to improve the article if the topic is worthy of inclusion in Wikipedia, or, if you disagree with the notice, discuss the issues at Talk:Christianity Explained. Removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, but the article may still be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached, or if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria. Pastordavid 18:58, 29 December 2006 (UTC)

AfD nomination of Christianity Explained
I have nominated Christianity Explained, an article that you created, for deletion. I do not think that this article satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and have explained why at Articles for deletion/Christianity Explained. Your opinions on the matter are welcome at that same discussion page; also, you are welcome to edit the article to address these concerns. Thank you for your time.Please contact me if you're unsure why you received this message. – Toon (talk)  22:38, 14 April 2009 (UTC)

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User talk:Cervantesalcazar

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User talk:Jtwd07

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Talk:Coonskin (film)

Not sure if it's notable
As I said in the title. I don't know if this is notable or not. But someone some days ago did manage to find a copy of an Italian dubbed version of the version of the film which was distributed by Paramount Pictures in the MOBA and he said he's going to publish it to Youtube next Saturday with the permission of the film owners. I don't know if this is notable and should be written about or not. 151.35.144.214 (talk) 20:14, 27 May 2023 (UTC)

 * Sorry, I meant to write MOMA before. 151.35.144.214 (talk) 20:19, 27 May 2023 (UTC)

I added necessary things
we Italians have the film which was distributed by Paramount, this film is not only longer than 10/12 minutes but also contains missing scenes such as the initial part which is very different and the film is visible on YouTube so that you can go and see it and compare the two versions!FORZA ITALIA 🇮🇹 Lorenzo Cavalieri (talk) 20:37, 28 May 2023 (UTC)

 * I've reverted those edits as thay were not properly sourced and were barely coherent. Beeblebrox (talk) 04:35, 29 May 2023 (UTC)
 * hold, I'll leave you the film distributed by Paramount with all the scenes that were then cut and then edit this page yourself, okay? Lorenzo Cavalieri (talk) 05:03, 29 May 2023 (UTC)
 * unfortunately Wikipedia won't let me put the YouTube link but if you do a search you discover that we Italians are the only holders of the original master distributed by Paramount and which was then modified in 1975 Lorenzo Cavalieri (talk) 05:05, 29 May 2023 (UTC)
 * You need a reliable source to verify what you are claiming. There are several very good reasons why YouTube does not qualify as a reliable source. Beeblebrox (talk) 06:18, 29 May 2023 (UTC)
 * it's true oh well I tried anyway if you search well on youtube we Italians are the only ones to have this untraceable and unpublished master video that's why I wrote to you Lorenzo Cavalieri (talk) 07:58, 29 May 2023 (UTC)
 * I don't know if it should be added or not, but I know what are the three videos you are talking about. I think the problem for which Wikipedia didn't let you put them here was because you used the links from the phone which are different and from what I know aren't accepted by Wikipedia. These are anyway the three videos in question. I'm putting them here just because I think it would be correct to make clear which videos he was talking about since he wasn't able to put them before. I don't know if it should be added as information on the article.
 * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lYu-37g1xTY
 * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3oNHrsc5q4o
 * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NlSMUOyMSdQ 84.220.218.104 (talk) 14:48, 29 May 2023 (UTC)
 * You aren't getting it, at all. What I see there are two trailers, and one video of some guy talking. None of that verifies any of the claims being made. Beeblebrox (talk) 22:27, 29 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Sorry for the fact the third one isn't working. Practically the Youtuber did say the movie will be posted here on 3 June but thanks to a bug sometimes instead of just the trailer it does show the entire movie already even if it isn't yet the 3 June. But there are also these other two videos in which the movie was posted. These ones should work even without using bugs since these other two people already did post it.
 * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AI99eW6N58Y
 * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=odEKiosIWhg 84.220.218.104 (talk) 07:12, 30 May 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Coonskin (film)


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Hippogonal

A hippogonal (pronounced ) chess move is one similar to a knight's move. That is, a leap m squares in one of the orthogonal directions, and n squares in the other, for integer values of m and n. It need not be a 2:1 ratio for m and n. A specific type of hippogonal move can be written (m,n), usually with the smaller number first.

For example, the knight itself moves two squares in one orthogonal direction and one in the other—it moves hippogonally. It is a (1,2) hippogonal mover, sometimes referred to as a (1,2) leaper.

Other hippogonally moving pieces include the camel, a fairy chess piece, which moves three squares in one direction and one in the other, and thus is a (1,3) hippogonal mover. The Xiangqi horse is a hippogonal stepper and the nightrider is a hippogonal rider.

The pieces are colourbound if the sum of m and n is even, and change colour with every move otherwise.

Etymology
The word hippogonal is derived from the ancient Greek ἵππος, híppos, 'horse' (knights used to be called horses, and still are in some languages), and  (), meaning "angle".

title: Hippogonal


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Rain Shower

"Rain Shower", also "Shower" or "Sonagi" (소나기), is a Korean short story written by Korean writer Hwang Sun-won in 1952. A sonagi is a brief but heavy rain shower that starts suddenly, usually on a hot afternoon. In Hwang’s story, the rain shower symbolizes the short but heart-rending love between the boy and the girl.

“Rain Shower,” like many of Hwang’s other stories, was written while he lived as a refugee with his family during the Korean War.

Although many of Hwang’s short stories are notable, “Rain Shower” is cited as his timeless Korean classic and continues to be one of the most-read short stories in Korean literature. Koreans of all ages are acquainted with this story, but its addition to the school curriculum has made it particularly popular among schoolchildren. It is famous for its poignant depiction of the Korean countryside and of innocent adolescent love. The picturesque scenes from this story stir nostalgia for many people.

The scene from "Rain Shower" where the boy and the girl avoid the rain shower together has become a favorite in many Korean romantic films. There is a 1979 Korean film based on the short story (also called Sonagi). Two notable films that heavily reference the story include the 2001 Korean romantic comedy My Sassy Girl, the 2003 Korean melodrama The Classic, and 2004 Korean Dramas Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation Tropical Nights in December Episode 1 parodies. "Rain Shower" was also adapted into an animation in August 2017.

Plot summary
The story begins as a boy spies on the great-granddaughter of Mr. Yoon, who is sitting on a stepping stone in a stream. She is scooping up handfuls of water in an effort to catch her reflection. Suddenly, she turns around and throws a pebble at the boy, which the boy picks up.

The boy returns to the stream the next day, but the girl is not there. From that day on, he develops the habit of rubbing the pebble that was thrown at him. One day, it is the boy who is sitting on the stepping stone trying to catch his own reflection in the water. As he is doing so, he sees the reflection of the girl in the water. Embarrassed, he runs away but trips over a stepping stone.

On a Saturday, the boy and the girl meet again and she shows him a “silk clam”. They become good friends and run around the countryside, playing with scarecrows in the field and a calf. After being reprimanded by the owner of the calf, they suddenly find themselves under heavy rainfall. They first seek shelter in an old lookout, but later decide to take shelter in a haystack as the rain keeps pouring in. After the rain stops, the boy carries the girl on his back to help her cross a ditch.

The boy returns to the stream in subsequent days, but the girl is never there. After a long time, the girl appears to tell him that she has been ill ever since she got a cold in the rain and that she is still not feeling well. She also shows him the dress that she wore that day, which was stained by the water from the ditch. Before she leaves, she gives him some dates that she took from her family’s ancestral worship ceremony that day.

The boy sneaks into a walnut grove that evening to pick some walnuts for the girl, planning to give them later as a way of thanking her. However, as he returns home and is lying on the bed, he overhears his father speaking to his mother that the Yoon family’s fortune has declined and that the girl has died. The father also mentions that she must have been an extraordinary girl, because she said she wanted to be buried in the same clothes she was wearing that day.

Sonagi Village
In 2009, Sonagi Village and Hwang Soon Won Literary House were opened by Yangpyeong-gun at Sooneung-ri, Seojong-myeon.

title: Rain Shower


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User:Roy Lee's Junior

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Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar

Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar (WCM-Q) is a branch of Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, established on April 9, 2001, following an agreement between Cornell University and the Qatar Foundation for Education, Science and Community Development. It is located in Education City, Qatar, near the capital of Doha.

WCM-Q has 322 students, 22 preliminary students, 103 pre-medical students, and 197 in its MD program.

Profile
The school offers a six-year medical program with a single admissions. Students who complete undergraduate degrees elsewhere are able to apply to a four-year program. All students are awarded a Doctor of Medicine from Cornell University. When the school's pre-medical program opened in the fall of 2002, and was reportedly the first coeducational institute of higher education in Qatar. Its clinical affiliates are the Hamad Medical Corporation's General Hospital and Women's Hospital.

According to The Washington Post, Weill Cornell–Qatar receives $121.7 million just to cover the operating expenses for the university, making it the most expensive U.S. university in Qatar's Education City.

WCM-Q has 33 clubs, sports teams, and student organizations, some of which participate against other university campuses in Education City.

Financial Aid
Students and applicants who are citizens of the State of Qatar should contact the scholarship office of the Higher Education Institute (HEI) or Sidra Medicine for information on securing funding for their education. International students have the opportunity to receive need-based financial aid through the Qatar Foundation in the form of a zero-interest loan.

Qatar Foundation Scholarship
Each year, the scholarship office at the Qatar Foundation awards a limited number of scholarships to students based on their exceptional academic performance.

title: Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar


text:
User talk:Jamielee07

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title: User talk:Jamielee07


text:
User talk:DavidRKelly

With Regret
The University regrets to announce the passing of Dr David Kelly as of 2008. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 131.251.143.249 (talk) 18:02, 17 November 2008 (UTC)

Welcome, from Journalist
Welcome!

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Proposed Image Deletion
A deletion discussion has just been created at Category talk:Unclassified Chemical Structures, which may involve one or more orphaned chemical structures, that has you user name in the upload history. Please feel free to add your comments.  Ron h jones (Talk) 22:50, 10 June 2011 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of File:IR summary.gif

The file File:IR summary.gif has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "orphaned image, unlikely to have future encyclopedic use (especially with English text in diagram)."

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the file's talk page.

Please consider addressing the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and files for discussion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. ★ Bigr   Tex  23:23, 13 June 2020 (UTC)

title: User talk:DavidRKelly


text:
Talk:Round-robin networks

And may I recommend this DOES get merged? There was a no consensus at the VfD. Redwolf24 04:27, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Round-robin networks