text:
Template talk:Book reference url

This template is borrowed substantially from Template:Book reference and Template:Book reference link url. The text below must comes from the first template above.

The template doesn't follow Wikipedia standard (such as they are) and fits only the very simplest cases.
Check Cite_sources.

The template does not follow the recommendations there which are the ones I have been using. MLA style and similar styles are now very widely used in both literary and scientific articles.

Also, I again and again cite material from books that have editors rather than authors. Translators sometimes need to be mentioned (and translators of sections of a book are sometimes different from the editors of a book). Illustrators are also important (sometimes the reason that the work is being cited is the illustrator). Then there is the matter of noting particular editions or providing reprint information. There is the matter of ISBN numbers. There are sometimes re-releases of a book under a different title or even contemporary release of the same work under different titles. Some academic books are part of a continuing series and the series name should be mentioned.

See for example the references I recently added to Norse mythology which contain entry after entry that just won't fit this template. And that bibliography contains no individual articles. Individual articles within a book or periodical add futher difficulties.

The idea of a list of templates for every reference likely to be cited numerous times is a very good one, but such a template needs to be far more flexible and complete than this one is (or there needs to be a set of templates for various uses). And templates should agree with the suggested formats in Cite_sources or the suggestions there should be changed. I don't think they should be changed.

Sorting material by author and date and using author name and date as the in-text reference is the most reader-friendly method for in-text reference which is why it has caught on so widely for academic use.

The idea of having bibilographic information in one place for a reference is a good one, but needs much more work before it is practical for anything but the very simplest cases. Probably someone with a lot of bibliographic and library cataloguing experience should work on this.

A template containing only the minimum BibTeX fields is not suitable for real world use.

Jallan 15:50, 16 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * I have a little more time now to attempt to address specific issues. I have left your text intact above but will butcher a copy below in order to try to address all points:

 * The template does not follow the recommendations there which are the ones I have been using. MLA style and similar styles are now very widely used in both literary and scientific articles.

 * I have now updated the template to get it close to MLA. Note that it still requires the authors string to be input precisely to get the right author layout. To get round this issue we would have to have templates Template:Book_ref_1_author ... Template:Book_ref_5_authors. On the face of it, this would be reasonable - however when combined with the need for other templates outlined below, it cause the number of required templates to grow exponentially.

 * Also, I again and again cite material from books that have editors rather than authors. Translators sometimes need to be mentioned (and translators of sections of a book are sometimes different from the editors of a book). Illustrators are also important (sometimes the reason that the work is being cited is the illustrator). Then there is the matter of noting particular editions or providing reprint information. There is the matter of ISBN numbers. There are somtimes re-releases of a book under a different title or even contemporary release of the same work under different titles. Some academic books are part of a continuing series and the series name should be mentioned.

 * This is all good stuff. The "editors" case is extremely common, and I think we should proliferate the templates to allow for that. I think perhaps we should also allow a "further information" parameter which can be populated with illustrator, translator information as required. There is a question of whether "close to MLA" is good enough of course in that case.

 * Sorting material by author and date and using author name and date as the in-text reference is the most reader-friendly method for in-text reference which is why it has caught on so widely for academic use.

 * No problems with this, though it is a matter for article-writers.

 * The idea of having bibilographic information in one place for a reference is a good one, but needs much more work before it is practical for anything but the very simplest cases. Probably someone with a lot of bibliographic and library cataloguing experience should work on this.

 * I would definitely welcome professional input! Pcb21| Pete 09:04, 17 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Other initial feedback
This is a good start! I've had in mind a scheme to make Bib:xyz entries recorded in a separate table in the database, so the bibliography could be searchable and shareable a la images, but that's a lot of hacking... a set of templates like this is a good bridge. Stan 20:53, 16 Aug 2004 (UTC)

While still simple, I think this is a great big step in the right direction. Not only will it make citations easier, which encourages adding them, but more importantly it creates a standardized format which can be changed easily. I would recommend retrofitting all existing book references with such a template once it's stabilized. Derrick Coetzee 03:37, 17 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Bibliography Creator
If we can create a single dynamic template, I have the makings of an open-source Bibliography Creator on my website, found here. (I didn't code it, but the original author's website is down). It's javascript, so presumably a developer could just embed it into something like Bibliography creator.

I will also shoot this idea over to the guy who is doing the coding for the Firefox Wikipedia extension and see if he could implement it there. --Alterego 21:32, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Have you noticed that if you do not complete all fields the template shows missing field in the reference. Also if you put field_name= it shows a redundant point. Example: --AdrianMastronardi 15:34, 4 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Sussex, John (editor) (1990). Stamp World London 90, souvenir handbook, Stamp World Exhibitions.
 * Sussex, John (editor) (1990). Stamp World London 90, souvenir handbook, Stamp World Exhibitions.

 * There is an upgraded version called WikiBib that I released a couple days ago. Yes, it is static at the moment. After I get a little more comfortable with javascript I will insert some 'if field is empty, then do not enter field'. However, we should strive to include as much information as possible so it should not be a big deal in the meantime! --Alterego 19:58, Apr 4, 2005 (UTC)

 * The extlink in the above paragraph just displays a lump of XML. I havn't got Javascripting switched off. Why?. -- Chris j wood 12:18, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * That was an issue with Internet Explorer, now fixed. --Alterego 15:08, Apr 29, 2005 (UTC)

 * WikiBib is nice, Alterego! I don't have much experience with templates (I'm learning, though). (1) How can we standardize the citations even further so that all types have links to the year and consistent punctuation (like the parenthesis and periods in the beginning of most references)? (2) Also, a Google Print template would probably be a good addition. --J. J. 15:53, 2005 August 25 (UTC)

Reverting User:Rdsmith4's changes
I reverted User:Rdsmith4's changes of today because they broke articles that use this template. This is a very commonly used template, and thus is a dependency of a lot of pages out there. We shouldn't break it lightly, and if we do break it by changing its interface in an incompatible manner, we must be willing to fix the articles that are broken by the change. Preferably, considering the wide-ranging consequences of breaking the interface to commonly used templates, these changes should be discussed first ... —Morven 06:32, Jan 5, 2005 (UTC)

Change suggested
I think the format:
 * Author: Title. (Publisher, Year)

or
 * Author: Title. Publisher, Year.

is much more common. (I never saw the year in parentheses in between Author and Title.)

I don't know Templates well. Is there a possibility to check of absence of a value ? e.g., if one field is not given, the dot should not be put. MFH 23:42, 21 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Personally I think Turabian style is the easiest and most pleasing on the eyes.:
 * Author, Title (Location: Publisher, Year).
 * Just an idea. --Fastfission 14:03, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)

That style is for a note, but in the bibliography the style is slightly different:
 * Author-last-name, Author-first-name. Title. Location: Publisher, Year.

I write my share of history articles in Wikipedia, and I would never use any template that didn't use this exact format; my God, anything else would be uncivilized. And in the field of history writing at least, other formats seem amateurish. :-) --Kevin Myers 15:46, Apr 13, 2005 (UTC)

The Chicago Manual of Style makes a difference between bibliography format and reference list format. In bibliography format, the year comes at the end, as above. In reference list format, the year comes between author and title. In theoretical linguistics publications, at least, we always always always use reference list format. The difference between a bibliography and reference list is that a reference list includes only works actually cited in the article; a bibliography contains all works that might be of interest. --Angr/ 탉 20:03, 26 May 2005 (UTC)

For those who think that "Author (Year) Title..." should be preferred to
 * Author, Title, (Publisher, Year).

I suggest to check at any moment the reference list of the most recently added article in any of the subjects (physics, mathematics, computer science, biology...) found at the world wide largest preprint server arxiv (15ooo connections/hour w/o counting mirrors; more than 100 new articles/day), e.g.
 * recent math articles
 * recent physics articles
 * recent computer science articles

I have not the lightest fear in receiving an e-mail each time someone notices that the most recent submission prefers the first to the second format. — MFH: Talk 13:55, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

(Somehow my above reply slipped on the wrong page, on Wikipedia_talk:Cite_sources, and I got the reply below, which is maybe here no more needed, but I don't want to delete it by myself.)  — MFH: Talk 23:09, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Um, with whom are you arguing? The article explicitly says that there are many citation formats, and that the one given is just an example for those people who aren't familiar with one, and that other styles are also acceptable.  (For my part, I'm used to the style used in the hard sciences and engineering, which is neither the APA nor the MLA style and doesn't put last name first.)  We don't really care what format people use, as long as they include the information.  However, it is important that the present page remain as simple as possible to make it easy for people who aren't used to citations — an exhaustive list of many possible alternative styles is counter-productive here.  —Steven G. Johnson 17:45, May 27, 2005 (UTC)

I checked one CS article from arxiv and noticed that the citation form is also different from what is standard in linguistics. Linguistics papers always cite the reference thus: (Smith 2005), whereas the paper I checked (and I know from experience a lot of papers in hard sciences) cite the reference thus: [1]. In the first method the references list is then listed in alphabetical order by author's last name, which is immediately followed by the date. In the second menthod the references list is listed in order of first mention. Since I mostly edit linguistics articles here I like to follow the conventions linguists are accustomed to. People who write on other sciences will presumably also prefer to follow the conventions their colleagues are accustomed to. --Angr/tɔk tə mi 15:22, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

 * That's really the core issue: Wikipedia articles encompass a great variety of disciplines, and adherents of the various disciplines will advocate their preferred citation style over others. (I've already reverted this template when it appears in history articles, and probably will continue to do so, since it seems so "wrong".) A single Wikipedia "house style" seems unlikely to emerge anytime soon. I've considered making a "history book" reference template; perhaps a variety of citation/reference templates would be helpful, with advice on which one to use for the various disciplines. This approach might create a bit more consistency, while keeping the anal retentive types (i.e. me) happy. --Kevin Myers 17:33, May 28, 2005 (UTC)

 * I agree. The logical decision is to support every single citation style there is and let the editor use their discretion as to which is the most appropriate. If done properly, this means that it is something that only has to be done one time, because citation formats are nearly permanent. --Alterego 02:00, May 29, 2005 (UTC)

No ISBN
I have created Template:Book reference no ISBN. On an unrelated note, can someone fill me in on why Music of the United States has a problem? Note the works by Gillett and Malone, where the ISBN doesn't display as a link. Tuf-Kat 02:23, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * And in the Music of the United States section. Tuf-Kat 02:29, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)

 * Ah so, grasshopper, this would be because whoever inserted the ISBNs failed to prepend the magic "ISBN " koan. HTH HAND --Phil | Talk 17:06, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * I have no idea who that could have been... It must have been the mysterious one-armed man.  Thanks! Tuf-Kat 17:30, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)

Why?
Why do we need this template (or similar ones for news sources and even web references)? What purpose does it serve? It's more time-consuming to create and much harder to read (in edit view) and edit. This would be OK if I could see an advantage over just doing the formatting manually in whatever way seems best (following various developing wiki conventions unless there's reason not to). I can't. From where I'm standing, this looks like an enormous waste of time! Am I missing something? Rd232 2 July 2005 15:22 (UTC)

Keep in Sync
Please keep this in sync with Template:Book reference link, Template:Chapter reference Template:Chapter reference link. (Probably we should use some sub-templates to automatically keep some parts in sync. Benwing 07:57, 30 July 2005 (UTC)

extraction out into subparts
I'd like to extract some parts of these as subparts. For example, if we ever were to change the Year, as I tried before, I'd want the change automatically propagated to the other similar templates. Similarly for the "publisher ID", which could be a subpart. This is even more important in the new things I created: Chapter Reference, Book Reference Link, and Chapter Reference Link. There is a large amount of code duplicated among these three, and I really want to subpart it.

Is there a standard for creating subtemplates (i.e. subparts)? Do we just go ahead and create a Template and use it, and pick some reasonable name? At the very least we need to pick a standard for naming subpart templates.

Benwing 08:39, 31 July 2005 (UTC)

OK, I went ahead and created a demo of this. I have a few templates named 'Section:...' and I'm using them for common template parts that are shared among one or more templates, so that changes need be made only once rather than propagated. I've done similar things for the following templates: 'Book reference link', 'Chapter reference', 'Chapter reference link'. It's true that it typically doesn't save space in the template definitions, at least for simple ones like these; but it saves a good deal of headache, esp. over a larger tree of templates, as it allows for consistent propagation of changes.

Benwing 12:46, 1 August 2005 (UTC)

BTW do not revert simply because the formatted result of this template page "looks" wrong. This is a bug in Wikipedia; the actual definition in the Edit box is correct, and calls to these templates look correct with the new definition (actually, they no different from before). Benwing 12:50, 1 August 2005 (UTC)

Obsolete
This template has been made obsolete by the new template. (SEWilco 21:14, 7 November 2005 (UTC))

title: Template talk:Book reference url


text:
File:Hmnicollet77.jpg

Summary

 * Source: Heavy Metal
 * Web source: http://www.123exp-fantasy.com/t/01804085164/

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: File:Hmnicollet77.jpg


text:
Latte stone

A latte stone, or simply  latte (also latde, latti, or latdi), is a pillar (Chamorro language: haligi) capped by a hemispherical stone capital (tasa) with the flat side facing up. Used as building supports by the ancient Chamorro people, they are found throughout most of the Mariana Islands. In modern times, the latte stone is seen as a sign of Chamorro identity and is used in many different contexts.

Construction
Latte stones have been made of limestone, basalt, or sandstone. Typical pillars range in height from 60 centimeters to three meters, and generally narrow towards the top. The pillar was normally quarried and then transported to the construction site. For small to medium-sized lattes, the capstone was a large hemispherical coral head that was gathered from a reef. The massive capstones found in Rota were instead quarried, like the pillars.

In Oceania the latte stone is unique to the Marianas, though megaliths of differing construction and purpose are common to Oceanic cultures. Similarities between the latte stone and the wood posts made by the Ifugao people in the Philippines, on which they build rice stores, have been pointed out. The rounded capstones help prevent rats from climbing up the pillar. A similar wood post construction appears to be depicted in a relief carving at Borobodur, Java, which has caused one scholar to put forward the disputed theory of a prehistorical cultural exchange between the Marianas and Java.

Latte stones varied greatly in size. The smallest were several feet tall. The largest latte still standing is 16 feet (5m) tall, located on Tinian at the House of Taga. In Rota, quarried latte would have stood 25 feet (8m) high if erected. The largest shaft found here weighs 34 tons while the largest cap weighs 22 tons.

Use
The history of the pre-contact Marianas is usually divided into three periods: Pre-Latte, Transitional Pre-Latte, and Latte. Latte stones began to be used in about 900 A.D. and became increasingly more common until the arrival of Ferdinand Magellan in 1521 and Spanish colonization, when they fell rapidly out of use and were entirely abandoned by about 1700. Latte stones have been found on Guam and the southern islands in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, including Rota, Tinian, Aguijan, and Saipan, as well as several small northern islands, such as Pagan.

Undisturbed stones are found usually arranged in parallel pairs of between eight and fourteen lattes framing a rectangular space. The more pairs in the structure, the taller the latte stones. One twenty latte arrangement was found in the current location of the military Ordnance Annex on southern Guam. While none of the early European visitors to the islands appear to have drawn pictures of latte stones in use, several Spanish accounts from the 16th and 17th centuries state that houses were erected on the stones, with one eyewitness specifying that the structures on lattes were used to shelter proas and served as community meeting places. However, the lack of definitive, consistent evidence means that all theories are disputed. Some archaeologists believe that only high status Chamorros lived in structures built on latte stones, while others have put forward the theory that all Chamorros in the Latte Period lived in latte structures, and that the height and number of the stones in the structure indicated social status. Other structures in a latte village, which may have included cooking huts, canoe houses and public houses for unmarried men, were built on the ground, typically in an A-frame of wood poles, often bamboo, with thatched roofs of grass, coconut fronds or nipa fronds.

Cultural context
Archaeologists who have worked in the Marianas since the end of World War II have noted a distinct difference between latte stones located along the coast and those located inland. Coastal latte tend to be placed in sand containing extensive relics of habitation, including shards of pottery, fish and animal bones, and stone and shell tools. Human burials were placed within sand containing these archaeological remnants, either within or near sets of lattes. In contrast, the soil in which inland latte stones are placed rarely has an archaeological stratum or associated burial. The implication is that mainland latte sites were temporarily occupied, and perhaps that there was a change in burial practice in the later Latte Period.

By the 18th and 19th centuries, travelers to the Marianas noted lattes only in abandoned areas, where they had apparently been left after foreign-introduced disease had decimated the Chamorro population. In modern times, latte stones are a symbol of Chamorro identity and are found in a wide variety of government, business and personal contexts. Concrete lattes are sometimes incorporated into new buildings, while residents of the Marianas will sometimes incorporate actual latte stones into the landscaping around their homes.

A latte stone features on the US quarter coins for both Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands. Highway shields marking Northern Mariana Islands highways superimpose the route number on a white outline of a latte stone.

title: Latte stone


text:
Japanese theorem for cyclic polygons

In geometry, the Japanese theorem states that no matter how one triangulates a cyclic polygon, the sum of inradii of triangles is constant.

Conversely, if the sum of inradii is independent of the triangulation, then the polygon is cyclic. The Japanese theorem follows from Carnot's theorem; it is a Sangaku problem.

Proof
This theorem can be proven by first proving a special case: no matter how one triangulates a cyclic quadrilateral, the sum of inradii of triangles is constant.

After proving the quadrilateral case, the general case of the cyclic polygon theorem is an immediate corollary. The quadrilateral rule can be applied to quadrilateral components of a general partition of a cyclic polygon, and repeated application of the rule, which "flips" one diagonal, will generate all the possible partitions from any given partition, with each "flip" preserving the sum of the inradii.

The quadrilateral case follows from a simple extension of the Japanese theorem for cyclic quadrilaterals, which shows that a rectangle is formed by the two pairs of incenters corresponding to the two possible triangulations of the quadrilateral. The steps of this theorem require nothing beyond basic constructive Euclidean geometry.

With the additional construction of a parallelogram having sides parallel to the diagonals, and tangent to the corners of the rectangle of incenters, the quadrilateral case of the cyclic polygon theorem can be proved in a few steps. The equality of the sums of the radii of the two pairs is equivalent to the condition that the constructed parallelogram be a rhombus, and this is easily shown in the construction.

Another proof of the quadrilateral case is available due to Wilfred Reyes (2002). In the proof, both the Japanese theorem for cyclic quadrilaterals and the quadrilateral case of the cyclic polygon theorem are proven as a consequence of Thébault's problem III.

title: Japanese theorem for cyclic polygons


text:
HMS Achille (1798)

HMS Achille was a 74-gun third-rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy. She was built by Cleverley Bros., a private shipyard at Gravesend, and launched on 16 April 1798. Her design was based on the lines of the captured French ship HMS Pompée (1793). She was the fourth Royal Navy ship to be named after the Greek hero Achilles in the French style.

Achille at Trafalgar
On 21 October 1805, under the command of Captain Richard King, Achille was in Admiral Collingwood's column at the Battle of Trafalgar, seventh in the line, between HMS Colossus (1803) and HMS Revenge (1805). Achille opened fire on the rear of the French and Spanish fleet at 12.15, engaging the 74-gun SPANISH SHIP Montanes, for fifteen minutes, before sailing on to meet SPANISH SHIP Argonauta of 80 guns, which had already been battling with other British ships. After hours of fierce fighting, Argonauta fell silent and closed her gunports, but before Achille could accept her surrender, her French namesake FRENCH SHIP Achille of 74 guns, moved in to engage the British ship. After exchanging broadsides, the French ship sailed on and was replaced on the starboard side by the 74-gun French ship HMS Berwick (1775), and for the next hour and a quarter she lay close alongside Achille, receiving a pounding that eventually forced Berwick to surrender with over 250 casualties – almost half her crew. Achille took possession, and transferred some of her crew back on board as prisoners. Achille suffered 13 killed and 59 wounded in the battle, in stark comparison to the heavy losses she inflicted on her French and Spanish adversaries.

On 17 July 1812, boats from Achille and HMS Cerberus (1794) captured or destroyed 12 enemy trabaccolos off Venice.

Fate
Achille continued in active service until 1815, when she was decommissioned at Chatham, and laid up at Sheerness. She survived in this state until 1865, when she was sold for £3,600 to be broken up.

title: HMS Achille (1798)


text:
Sectéra Secure Module

Sectéra is a family of secure voice and data communications products produced by General Dynamics Mission Systems which are approved by the United States National Security Agency. Devices can use either National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) or SCIP to provide Type-1 encryption, with communication levels classified up to Top Secret. The devices are activated with a Personal Identification Number (PIN).

Sectéra Secure Module
The Sectéra Secure Module is a device that can provide encryption of voice and data. It is used in the Sectéra Wireline Terminal for use with PSTN devices and has been incorporated into a slim module to use with a Motorola GSM cell phone. The module is placed between the battery and the body of the phone. The phone may be used as a regular GSM phone when the security module is not activated by the PIN.

Sectéra Edge
Another member of the Sectéra family, Sectéra Edge, is a smart phone that supports voice and data communication, including access to the SIPRNET.

The Sectéra Edge was developed by General Dynamics under an $18 million contract from the National Security Agency.

It was reported in 2009 that the Sectéra Edge could possibly replace President Barack Obama's BlackBerry in providing secure communications. Instead of the Sectéra Edge, a standard BlackBerry device was secured with the SecurVoice encryption software.

The Sectéra Edge was discontinued in 2015.

title: Sectéra Secure Module


text:
Hercules Against the Moon Men

Hercules Against the Moon Men (Maciste e la regina di Samar, "Maciste and the Queen of Samar") is a 1964 Franco-Italian international co-production sword and sandal film. It was directed by Giacomo Gentilomo in his final film and stars Alan Steel and Jany Clair. The English version of the film runs for 90 minutes and is dubbed.

Plot
In ancient Greece, a race of evil aliens from the Moon land on Earth. For years they have terrorized the nearby city of Samar. Hercules (Maciste in the original version) attempts to free the people of the kingdom of Samar from the rule of their evil queen. She is under the spell of invading Moon Men who demand children for sacrifice in hopes their spilled blood can revive their own dead queen.

The Queen of Samar has made a pact with the Moon Men to conquer the world and become the most powerful woman alive. The downtrodden residents of Samar cheer the arrival of the mighty Hercules, who on their behalf faces deadly obstacles, battles the Moon monsters and eventually confronts the leader of the Moon Men, Redolphis, a metal-headed giant.

Cast

 * Alan Steel as Hercules/Maciste
 * Jany Clair as Queen Samara
 * Anna Maria Polani as Agar
 * Nando Tamberlani as Gladius
 * Jean-Pierre Honoré as Darix
 * Delia D'Alberti as Billis / Selene (as Delia d'Alberti)
 * Goffredo Unger as Mogol
 * Franco Morici as Timor
 * Attilio Dottesio as Remar
 * Roberto Ceccacci as Redolphis
 * Stefano Carletti as Mogol
 * Paola Pitti as Taris (as Paola Piretti)
 * Giuliano Raffaelli as Tirteo - tavernkeeper
 * Anna Maria Dionisi as Tavernkeeper's wife
 * Salvatore Borghese as Aggressor of Maciste upon his arrival
 * Antonio Corevi as Rubio, the imperial guard officer

Production
In the original Italian-language version, the hero was not Hercules but Maciste, originally a hero in silent Italian cinema. Hercules Against the Moon Men "blends" elements from a number of mythologies: Roman, Greek, Ancient Egyptian and Cretan elements are all thrown in. Filming took place in Italy, primarily at the Cinecittà Studios, Cinecittà, Rome and in Lazio, Italy.

The term The Moon Men and the plot element of such beings seeking to conquer the Earth appeared earlier in the novel of that name by American writer Edgar Rice Burroughs, though the details of the conquest in Burroughs' book are very different from the film.

Release
Hecules Against the Moon Men was released in Italy on 27 June 1964. It was released in the United States in May 1965.

Reception
The original Italian title of Hercules Against the Moon Men was Maciste e la regina di Samar (Maciste and the Queen of Samar). The French title of the film was Maciste contre les hommes de pierre (Maciste Against the Men of Stone), but the English distributors dubbed him to be Hercules, because Maciste was not well known to American audiences. For audiences who wanted to see an accurate interpretation of the Hercules story, the film "... made little or no effort to remain faithful to antiquity."

Film historian Gary Allen Smith noted: "In this combination of peplum and science fiction, this silly, but diverting, entry has the indomitable Alan Steel (real name: Sergio Ciani) fight a collection of Moon monsters before the inevitable cataclysm destroys the invaders. In the film's one inventive touch, the sequences which take place in the mountain kingdom of the Moon Men are filmed in sepia tone, rather than full color ... or Cosmicolor, as stated in the American publicity material."

MST3K
Hercules Against the Moon Men (given as Hercules Against the Moonmen) was also shown on Mystery Science Theater 3000, making it infamous for its "Deep Hurting" Sequence (the very long sandstorm sequence). This sequence involved many of the cast floundering around pointlessly in a sandstorm for upwards of five minutes of screen time, in which no plot movement or character development is made at all. The "Deep Hurting" concept is introduced by Dr. Forrester as a follow-up to "Rock Climbing", a pain point of the movie Lost Continent that had previously been shown.

DVD releases
Hercules Against the Moon Men has received numerous 'bargain box' releases from various studios. The MST3K version of the film was released by Rhino Home Video as part of the 'Collection, Volume 7' box set.

title: Hercules Against the Moon Men


text:
Talk:ISS assembly sequence

Universal Docking Module
You say the Universal Docking Module was 'cancelled', but it seems to me that although the original design has been cancelled, many sources (for example the NASA website) are just now calling FGB-2 the Universal Docking Module. Also I'm finding it hard to find out what happened to the Russian "Enterprise" Multipurpose Module (MTsM) - according to http://www.geocities.com/i_s_s_alpha/2007.htm#3R it was renamed the Multipurpose Laboratory Module.. but this is not at all what the MLM article says. So if someone has a clear understanding of what's going on (that link does explain things, though somewhat confusingly.. and i haven't been able to verify it yet..), then they should probably explain (citing their sources, of course). Mlm42 17:49, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * If you understand some russian, you can try to read this article at Novosti Kosmonavtiki site. There you get all infos about the current status of russian ISS modules. Here a small summary from me (sorry for bad english): Universal Docking Module (UDM) and Science Power Platform were simplified by 2001, UDM was later cancelled completely (I think so, they write nothing about its cancellation in this article). "Enterprise" Multipurpose Module was a commercial project, but money to build it couldn't be found, so 2003 it was replaced by the Multipurpose Laboratory Module, which will be funded completely by the Russian Space Agency and is now due to launch by 2007. It will be based on the FGB-2 module, which was build as a replacement for Zarya and is already for years 70% completed. --Bricktop 22:39, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * P.S. pictures of FGB-2 at Khrunichev:, --Bricktop 08:05, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

Future dates
How can the dates and space shuttles of the missions after STS-120 be here, while the NASA web site shows that they are TBD. --Mark Riehm 07:13, 9 September 2006 (UTC)

 * NASA appears to be maintaining a Consolidated Launch Manifest with at least some of the details described in the table. I've updated the table based on today's version of that document and noted the refresh in the intro paragraph. I've also fact-tagged the statement about "NASA Assembly Sequence Revision H", as there is no specific citation for that document. One notable discrepency between CLM and this "Rev H" document is that the shuttles are not specifically identified. I've left the names in place where the schedules matched up, but just mentioned "Space Shuttle" for any new table elements I added. ~ Jeff Q (talk) 18:52, 9 September 2006 (UTC)

 * I went looking for a citation for Rev H of the Assembly Sequence, and I can only find Rev F from the NASA website. There's a copy of it on the Internet Archive's "Wayback Machine" which I'm adding as an additional reference for the time being.  Jeffq, could you document the origin the Rev H document you're using? Srain 06:22, 11 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Actually, when I said "this 'Rev H' document", I was referring to the claim in the article:
 * The future components of the list are according to NASA Assembly Sequence Revision H.
 * which I tagged for a citation precisely because I couldn't find this myself. My point was that the article (at least as of 9 September) implied that its content came from this missing document. If all we have is a Rev. F, we should update the article to reflect that (and any other reliable source we can find, of course). ~ Jeff Q (talk) 09:50, 11 December 2006 (UTC)
 * I think "Rev H" is a myth. I went to look at the Consolidated Launch Manifest (Ref above) and it appears to be the source for the future dates.  I'll change the text and reference.  Thanks! Srain 05:34, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

ATV Assembly?
For preference, I'm an adder, not a deleter. But should the ESA ATV flight be included as an "assembly" flight? The argument could be made that it will act as an extra room while it's attached, but then what about Progress? Srain 16:17, 30 December 2006 (UTC)
 * I agree. as far as I know no integral part of the ISS will be taken in orbit by ATV or HTV. Both are also in the List of unmanned spaceflights to the ISS-article. I'm being bold and will remove them. --TheDJ (talk • contribs) 01:02, 13 May 2007 (UTC)

NASA Logo Protection
Can someone direct me to a discussion of the NASA logo and its usability? I can't seem to locate one, but it seems like it must have been discussed somewhere... Thanks! Srain 14:39, 8 June 2007 (UTC)
 * The diff for the change is at http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ISS_assembly_sequence&diff=134954184&oldid=124590245. In the change log comment, User:Iamunknown references Non-free content criteria. That the "meatball" logo is not included in the general NASA public-domain clause is covered on the description page for the logo image. Hope this helps! (sdsds - talk) 14:51, 8 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Yes. Thank you.  The relevant quote from NASA is "[Nasa logos] may not be used by persons who are not NASA employees or on products (including Web pages) that are not NASA sponsored."  Wikipedia fails on both counts (not NASA employees, not sponsored by NASA).  The ESA logo is restricted slightly differently (see http://esamultimedia.esa.int/multimedia/ESA_Logo/conditions.html) "Use of the [logo] files is restricted to work under contract with ESA and to publications which have ESA or an ESA programme as the main subject. Any other use should be expressly authorised by the ESA Legal Department in conjunction with the ESA Communication Department."  But that doesn't seem to cover this page, which only used the logo incidentally (not as a main topic).  [In addition, per the ESA logo usage guidelines, if the image is smaller than 12mm, it should be the solid globe, not the striped one.] Srain 15:58, 8 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Agreed that NASA specifies the terms by which the logo can be used with their permission, i.e. they license its use in those ways. The English language Wikipedia, hosted on servers in the United States, blah, blah, blah, can also use images without a license under conditions which qualify as "fair use". (N.B. I do not make the claim that use of the logo on the ISS assembly sequence page would qualify as fair use, but if someone else made the claim I wouldn't object.) Frankly it's better to use the Shuttle logo anyway. (sdsds - talk) 16:35, 10 June 2007 (UTC)

What to include
I propose this list, as opposed to a list of all flights to the ISS, should only include missions which bring to the station components which are semi-permanent parts of the station and which are not enclosed inside another module. So for example it would include the ESPs but not the MPLMs (not permanent) nor the MELFI FU-1 (enclosed in Destiny) and FU-2. Does that pair of criteria match a naive understanding of what "assembly" means? (sdsds - talk) 00:08, 15 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Sounds good to me. Two notes, though: first, the future shuttle flights will probably change (one of them has to include Docking Cargo Module, at least) so maybe they should stay for now, and second, we should have some consistency with Template:ISS modules, so if Minus Eighty Degree Laboratory Freezer for ISS isn't worth including here, it shouldn't be on the template either. --Derlay 15:52, 15 June 2007 (UTC)
 * I agree. Structural permanent elements only. ESP and Express and robot arms should be about as far as we should go. Internal cargo etc seems unneeded. --TheDJ (talk • contribs) 19:24, 15 June 2007 (UTC)

 * I feel flight STS-128 should be included even though the hardware it brings up in enclosed within a module. The flight is a major step in assembly as it enlarges the ISS to 6 person crews. It helps fill in the gaps in the dates between Shuttle flights and makes more sense to someone reading this manifest who may wonder why there appears to be large gaps of inactivity.Rukaribe (talk) 22:16, 6 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Sounds reasonable. However, now it seems that MPLM will be attached to the station and remain there. It should be restated that STS-128 will bring internal equipment or something in MPLM --Jan.Smolik (talk) 23:10, 22 November 2008 (UTC)

Discrepancy on future flights
The article as it currently stands says: "However, anything after mission STS-128 might still be subject to considerable changes and should be considered an indication only." However, that flight isn't listed. Perhaps it is left off flight 3R? Canada Jack 20:22, 20 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Well that's probably because it's a logistics flight then in that case. This is really difficult to fix though. The info is so speculative atm (and the names of the specific shuttles even more so) that this article simply CANNOT be any good any time soon i think ... --TheDJ (talk • contribs) 21:44, 20 June 2007 (UTC)

 * The underlying trouble is that there isn't much rational basis for some of the trade-off decisions that have been (tentatively) made. For example, why are they planning to fly the Cupola and leave the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer mothballed in a clean room somewhere? Answer: they expect something will change before those decisions become final. Meanwhile, as regards the reference to STS-128, I've changed the reference to STS-124, the 1J mission, per the cited source. (sdsds - talk) 21:56, 20 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Just in response to your Cupola issue. The Cupola can be flown up attached to Node 3 as Node 3 is required for 6 person crews this wouldn't really cause the Cupola to be a trade off. Also much of the science AMS would do is going to be done with another space experiment I believe. Regardless I hope NASA gets more funds to be able to bring it up to the ISS.Rukaribe (talk) 22:13, 6 February 2008 (UTC)

Canadarm2 and Russian Research Module
I've been comparing the ISS Configuration image featured on this page with the assembly sequence chart and noticed some discrepancies. One is that Canadarm2 is rendered in blue on the image, indicating that it's awaiting a US Shuttle launch. However, on the chart it is indicated that Canadarm2 was launched the Endeavor flight STS-100 back on April 19, 2001. Also, the Russian Research Module page states that both planned modules are canceled as of 2007. Instead they are planning to replace one of them with Docking Cargo Module. The image still has RM on it. Can anyone verify this and update the image if necessary?

 * Canadarm2 is actually orange in the image, but the dextre manipulator is blue, as it has not yet been launched. It's due to go up next February, as shown in the table.  I'll work on updating the image to replace the RM with the DCM in the next few days.  You might consider creating an account and joining Wikipedia; this is exactly the kind of help needed.  In any case, please sign your posts with [4] ~ characters.  Thanks! Srain 15:43, 14 August 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:ISS assembly sequence


text:
Talk:The Weather Network

comment
I think we should make a new article for the list of past hosts. It is getting really long! Shannon Fernando is exemplary. Props and kudos from the anti-dichotomist (binarist) camp. I just put in a critical observation right under their noses. Dave P. Vernon BC217.45.203.34 (talk) 11:41, 20 April 2008 (UTC)

Could you PLEASE DISAMBIGUATE HOSTS, past and present when updating your lists??? Some of those links could start some urban legends!! Bacl-presby 17:14, 21 July 2006 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Twn07 02 12.jpg
Image:Twn07 02 12.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 07:41, 29 September 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Candice Ola.JPG
Image:Candice Ola.JPG is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 06:28, 27 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Fair use rationale has been added. dhett (talk • contribs) 07:04, 27 October 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:LF 07.jpg
Image:LF 07.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 09:12, 7 November 2007 (UTC)

Sex Appeal
Does anybody have any sources, for this? Weather Network has recently, been employing attractive women, for ratings. GoodDay (talk) 14:46, 18 February 2009 (UTC)
 * lol. Very funny. Not here though. - 24.36.115.4 (talk) 21:33, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 3 one external links on The Weather Network. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20060506094909/http://www.theweathernetwork.com:80/twn/releases/press_02Mar27.htm to http://www.theweathernetwork.com/twn/releases/press_02Mar27.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20041224111756/http://www.theweathernetwork.com:80/twn/releases/20040329.htm to http://www.theweathernetwork.com/twn/releases/20040329.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20070107080112/http://www.theweathernetwork.com:80/twn/releases/20060329.htm to http://www.theweathernetwork.com/twn/releases/20060329.htm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 13:15, 9 January 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Weather Network


text:
Talk:AJ Styles

Stone Cold
On september 9, 2019 Aj styles receive a stone cold stunner from stone cold steve Austin. This is a rare appearance but stone cold and considering it came from Madison square garden one of wwe biggest venues. I feel this should be added to the wiki. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.125.124.128 (talk) 00:14, 23 September 2019 (UTC)

WrestleMania 36
He did not headline WrestleMania 36. Brock Lesnar and Drew McIntyre did. Please remove. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.196.72.173 (talk) 15:34, 6 April 2020 (UTC)
 * They main evented night one and "headlined" doesn't always mean main evented. See Ric Flair's lede in reference to WrestleMania VIII.LM2000 (talk) 15:38, 6 April 2020 (UTC)
 * Main event it's not always the final match. I think some user discusses a few days ago. --HHH Pedrigree (talk) 10:39, 9 April 2020 (UTC)
 * Yeah but Styles/Undertaker was the final match. This year's Mania was unprecedented: it was represented by two individually-sold PPVs with their own pre-shows, rendering it a markedly different beast from the single-broadcast Manias of yesteryear. Mania 36 was akin to television coverage of a two-day music festival, one overall event with a separate headlining act for each individually-ticketed day. Telekinetics (talk) 21:05, 9 April 2020 (UTC)
 * Wrestling Observer/F4W, pretty much the pre-eminent industry commentator, asserts that Styles vs. Undertaker both "headlined" and "main evented" the April 4 broadcast. Telekinetics (talk) 00:03, 10 April 2020 (UTC)
 * Nobody disagrees that AJ headlined the April 4 broadcast, but he did not have the final match of WrestleMania 36, because it ended on April 5 with Drew vs Brock.WrestlingLegendAS (talk) 00:51, 13 April 2020 (UTC)
 * WM36 functioned as two individual, clearly-delineated PPVs. Trying to very awkwardly file it alongside single-PPV Manias is fallacious and inappropriate. Telekinetics (talk) 01:28, 13 April 2020 (UTC)

Yes but everyone knows Flair didn't actually main event WM8. In any event there's no reason to write "headlined". It absolutely gives an implication that he main evented the show which he didn't. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.196.72.173 (talk) 17:49, 6 April 2020 (UTC)

Nights 1 and 2 were available as standalone pay-per-views. Any way you slice it, Styles closed out a PPV titled "WrestleMania". Absolutely a Mania headliner. Telekinetics (talk) 20:14, 6 April 2020 (UTC)

Agree to disagree regardless if they were available as separate. WrestleMania was ONE show split into 2 "Parts". — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.196.72.173 (talk) 21:41, 6 April 2020 (UTC)
 * Except that Mania 36 was evidently TWO individual productions with individual box office receipts (and individual pre-shows), a la  Kill Bill or Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows. This wasn't some single broadcast interrupted halfway through by a breaking news story. AJ Styles absolutely headlined a WrestleMania pay-per-view. Telekinetics (talk) 13:36, 7 April 2020 (UTC)

I am not denying the last sentence. But he did not headline WM36, only WM36 Day 1. If he indeed headline WM36, then next year's Mania has to be called WM38. Otherwise this was ONE Mania with ONE final match (Drew Brock).WrestlingLegendAS (talk) 21:17, 16 April 2020 (UTC)

I really do not understand some of these editors who don't understand the fundamentals and logistics of things. WrestleMania 36 may have been sold as two separate PAY PER VIEWS with two "box office receipts", but WrestleMania 36 itself was was NOT two separate "shows" or "events". It was ONE show and ONE event called "WrestleMania 36" which was split into two PARTS. WWE themselves even list it this way on the WWE Network. "Part 1" and "Part 2". While AJ may have been the last match or "headlined" Part 1, he did not "headline" the event of WrestleMania 36. Brock Lesnar and Drew McIntyre did. Until a day when WWE indicates this, I have removed the reference to him "headlining" WWE's premier event, WrestleMania.
 * Stop insulting users who disagree with you (WP:CIVIL). Telekinetics (talk) 02:12, 18 April 2020 (UTC)
 * Well said.WrestlingLegendAS (talk) 14:17, 18 April 2020 (UTC)

Dave Scherer of PWInsider (WP:PW/RS), says that Styles is indeed a "WrestleMania headliner". I have restored the lede to its previous form: if one wishes to remove the mention of Styles headlining WrestleMania, please provide a WP:PW/RS source that asserts he has not headlined. We're past bickering here, especially now that a preferred source has chimed in. Telekinetics (talk) 01:11, 28 April 2020 (UTC)

More WP:PW/RS sources and mainstream sports ones  designating the night one closer as a WrestleMania-headlining match. Cloudbearer (talk) 16:33, 11 April 2021 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 11 April 2021
Include list of Championships WWE Raw Tag Team Championships also making him a WWE Grand Slam Champion Palburtus (talk) 02:09, 11 April 2021 (UTC)
 * Pictogram voting wait.svg Already done Someone else added both into article now. WikiVirusC (talk) 14:28, 11 April 2021 (UTC)

Requested move 21 August 2021

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: Moved.  Mdewman6 (talk) 23:50, 12 September 2021 (UTC)

A.J. Styles → AJ Styles – To be honest I don't think this really matters but it seems like a majority of sources spell it as "AJ" and not "A.J."  ♡RAFAEL♡(talk) 01:52, 21 August 2021 (UTC) The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.
 * Support per nom.--Ortizesp (talk) 05:39, 22 August 2021 (UTC)
 * Support Always seen it as AJ Eerie Holiday (talk) 17:25, 30 August 2021 (UTC)

"Allen Lloyd Jones" listed at Redirects for discussion
A discussion is taking place to address the redirect Allen Lloyd Jones. The discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2021 September 13 until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. Mdewman6 (talk) 00:04, 13 September 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:AJ Styles


text: User talk:70.162.11.141

title: User talk:70.162.11.141


text:
Wikipedia:Recentism

Recentism is a phenomenon on Wikipedia where an article has an inflated or imbalanced focus on recent events. It is writing without an aim toward a long-term, historical view. This can result in, among others:
 * Articles overburdened with documenting breaking news reports and controversy as it happens.
 * Articles created on flimsy, transient merits.
 * Articles deleted despite concerning notable trans-historical subject matter, because a recentist article has given only flimsy and transient details available in news reports without the accompanying historical perspective, and because editors proposing deletion don't bother to research.
 * The muddling or diffusion of the timeless facets of a subject, previously recognized by Wikipedia consensus.
 * Edit warring over whether to change an article's well-established title, abbreviation, date and numbering format, national variety of English and spelling, or wording in the lead section or article body on the basis of those used on breaking news sources.
 * Impassioned discussions on talk pages that debate not just the notability of the recent event ("Is this topic of lasting importance?") but also where (if anywhere) it should receive coverage on Wikipedia. Often conducted in ignorance of the historical facts.

Recentism is a symptom of Wikipedia's dynamic and immediate editorial process, and has positive aspects as well – up-to-date information on breaking news events, vetted and counter-vetted by enthusiastic volunteer editors, is something that no other encyclopedia can offer. Still, Wikipedia is not a newspaper and it is not an indiscriminate collection of information. Articles should be written from a neutral point of view, with attention to the long-term significance of the information included, and with awareness that, under the general notability guideline, not every topic will merit its own stand-alone article.

What to do about it
Allegations of recentism should prompt consideration of proportion, balance, and due weight. Material may need to be moved, deleted, or expanded. Certain articles might be merged or placed on the Articles for deletion list. Conversely, an article might need to be split into multiple articles in order to achieve a balance not readily attainable within a single article. Sometimes in-depth information on current events is more appropriately added to Wikinews, which can be found here.

Over-use of recent material does not by itself mean that an article should be deleted, but the quick and contemporaneous passage of events may make any subject difficult to judge as actually notable enough for a permanent encyclopedia entry. Proper perspective requires maturity, judgment, and the passage of time.

News spikes
A news spike is a sudden mass interest in any current event, whereupon Wikipedians create and update articles on it, even if some readers later feel that the topic was not historically significant in any way. The result might be a well-written and well-documented neutral-point-of-view article on a topic that might hardly be remembered a month later (see Jennifer Wilbanks and the article's deletion debate). Still, these articles are valuable for future historical research.

An event that occurs in a certain geographic region might come to dominate an entire article about that region. For example, in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, the New Orleans article was inundated with day-by-day facts about the hurricane. The solution: an article on the Effect of Hurricane Katrina on New Orleans was created to collect this quickly accumulating content.

Article imbalance
Subjects with a long history might be described in purely modern terms, even though they were actually more significant in the past than they are today. Even when the topics remain significant, articles can cover the subject as if the most recent events were the salient, defining traits. For large-scale topics, such as slavery, marriage, or war, the stress might be on simply the last few centuries, though the subject matter of the article might have a history of thousands of years.

This tendency towards article imbalance is enhanced by the availability of reliable sources, which is not uniform across different topics. This manifests both from the language a source is written in and the ease with which it can be accessed. Sources published in a medium that is both widely available and familiar to editors, such as a news website, are more likely to be used than those from esoteric or foreign-language publications regardless of their reliability. For example, a 2010 story on CNN or BBC News website is more likely to be cited than a 1970 edition of the Thai Post or Večernje novosti. Similarly, the cost of access to a source can be a barrier; for example, most research in astronomy is freely available to the public via arXiv or NASA ADS, while many law journals are available only through costly subscription services.

Thus, a political candidate's biography might become bloated with specific details related to a particular, recent election. Long passages in an athlete's or an actor's biography might be devoted to detailed coverage of a recent controversy. With celebrities, an article about a rock music singer or actor who became famous decades ago for achievements on stage may focus almost exclusively on recent news reports of alleged scandals, infidelity, or recreational drug use—none of which are the Notability justification behind the creation of their article in the first place. For example, Wikipedia's article on English disk jockey and television presenter Jimmy Savile changed rapidly and substantially during October 2012, with over 700 edits to the article in that month alone compared to 85 for the rest of the year to that point. Eventually, a breakout article, Jimmy Savile sexual abuse scandal was required.

Debate over recentism
Any disagreement over whether to remove an article might also be related to Wikipedia's ongoing inclusionism-versus-deletionism debate. (Deletionists tend to view Wikipedia as a traditional, rigorous encyclopedia. Inclusionists tend to see it as a compendium of all knowledge, with broader remit.) Many editors identify as mergists, separatists, or some other more nuanced position, and they may have their own thoughts on dealing with recent material.

Recentism as a negative
Recentism in one sense—established articles that are bloated with event-specific facts at the expense of longstanding content—is considered a Wikipedia fault, as discussed above under News Spikes.

Wikipedia is not a newspaper. When dealing with contemporary subjects, editors should consider whether they are simply regurgitating media coverage of an issue or actually adding well-sourced information that will remain notable over time. Yes, unneeded content can be eliminated later, but a cluttered "first draft" of an article may degrade its eventual quality and a coherent orientation may not always be attained.

The second sense of recentism—the creation of a glut of new articles on a recent event—can result in a slap-dash approach to the subject and a rambling, disorganized look to the encyclopedia. Wikipedia is not an indiscriminate collection of information, and not every topic meets Wikipedia's general notability guideline to merit its own stand-alone article.

Recentism as a positive
In many cases, such content is a valuable preliminary stage in presenting information. Any encyclopedia goes through rough drafts; new Wikipedia articles are immediately published in what might be considered draft form: They can be—and are—improved in real time; these rapidly developing drafts may appear to be a clutter of news links and half-developed thoughts, but later, as the big picture emerges, the least relevant content ought to be—and often is—eliminated.

One example is the Pitcairn sexual assault trial of 2004, which was developed day by day as the trial and appeals process advanced. Eventually, when the process ended, later editors could place everything in perspective—while also retaining the chronological coverage as an exhaustive historical record. ( this article is still marked as "Cleanup Needed", showing that the editing procedure is never really ended.)

Collaborative editing on Wikipedia has resulted in a massive encyclopedia of comprehensive and well-balanced articles on the many current events of the twenty-first century. This record will be valuable to those in the future who seek to understand the history of this time period. In other words: "If we don't make sense of it today, someone else will struggle to make sense of it tomorrow."

One of Wikipedia's strengths is the collation and sifting through of vast amounts of reporting on current events, producing encyclopedia-quality articles in real time about ongoing events or developing stories: natural disasters, political campaigns and elections, wars, product releases, assassinations.

Finally, Wikipedia articles are often developed via on-line references, which may be temporary in nature. But by documenting timely material with reliable sources at the outset, more permanent sources will hopefully be found and used later - and, with the original online sources linked from Wikipedia, they are much more likely to be picked up and archived by the Wayback Machine or other similar web archives before they disappear.

Recentism as recruitment
Search engines drive a large amount of traffic to Wikipedia's articles about what were at the moment recent events—for example, the death of Ronald Reagan, the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and subsequent tsunami, the death of Pope John Paul II and election of a successor, the nomination of John Roberts to the Supreme Court of the United States, and newsy articles like those from other English-speaking countries.

What might seem at the time to be an excessive amount of information on recent topics actually serves the purpose of drawing in new readers—and among them, potential new Wikipedians. Example: Wikipedia received positive coverage on the American National Public Radio program On the Media about its quick response to the London bombings of July 2005.

Recentist articles as case studies
The related articles that are written during a "recentist news frenzy" provide an in-depth look for interested readers. For example, the Terri Schiavo piece and its companion articles at Category:Terri Schiavo case provide a case-study outlook into how the state and federal governments in the United States interact constitutionally, some insight into motivations for politicians to intervene in court cases, and nuances of end-of-life issues.

Suggestions for dealing with recentism
Consider the ten-year test or twenty-year test as a thought experiment that might be helpful, but keep in mind the policy WP:CRYSTAL:

Will someone ten or twenty years from now be confused about how this article is written? In ten or twenty years will this addition still appear relevant? If I am devoting more time to it than other topics in the article, will it appear more relevant than what is already here?

For example, in 2020, devoting more space to the 2020 United States presidential election article than to the 2000 United States presidential election article might seem logical. Nevertheless, in the future, when neither event is fresh, readers will benefit from a similar level of detail in both articles.

Furthermore, detailed stand-alone articles and lists may no longer comply with the general notability guideline, particularly the "Presumed" criterion. Content that seemed notable at the time might, in retrospect, violate what Wikipedia is not and other guidelines. Similarly, a person who receives a temporary blip of news coverage for a single incident or event is not necessarily an appropriate topic for a standalone biographical article, if their notability claim is not likely to still be of sustained public interest in the next few decades.

After "recentist" articles have calmed down and the number of edits per day has dropped to a minimum, why not initiate comprehensive rewrites? Many articles can be condensed to keep only the most important information, the wider notable effects of an event, and links to related issues. Much of the timeline and the day-to-day updates collected in the "rough draft" stages can safely be excised. A number of the citations to breaking news reports written at the time of the event (especially those later found to be inaccurate) could be replaced by those to more scholarly, historical, or retrospective references created later on. Any detailed subarticle relating to the event may also be either merged back into the main article, or deleted (this includes any article about a subject only notable for that one event).

Use Wikinews. Unlike Wikipedia, the Wikinews project was founded to provide in-depth "news article"-like coverage of current events.

Just wait and see. Remember there is no deadline, and consensus can change later on. Editors writing today do not have a historical perspective on today's events, and should not pretend to have a crystal ball. This is especially true during a news spike, when there is mass interest to create and update articles on a current event, regardless of whether it may be historically significant later on. Also, editors updating an article affected by a current event may not necessarily be the same ones participating months (or even years) later in the clean-up and maintenance of the page. Above all else, editors should avoid getting into edit wars or contentious deletion discussions when trying to deal with recentism.

The Recentism tag
Some editors employ the Recentism tag Recentism at the top of articles to warn the reader that the content may be tilted toward recent perspectives. (Tagging is a subject of debate: Some think tags on articles make them ugly or caution readers that a tagged article is defective.)

"The tag looks like this: and results in this:"

Of course this tag, like many others, should be employed only if editors cannot immediately rectify the problems themselves.

You can find a list of articles that have been tagged by going to Category:Articles slanted towards recent events. Choose any article and examine it to see why an editor has tagged it; you may have to check the article history or the Discussion page to find out. If the tag is dated, look at the history of that month and the month preceding it. Improve the article by deleting the recentism or adding information that brings the piece into chronological balance (this may take a while because you have to find reputable sources). You might have to add an "Expert Needed" tag and move on. (For information, see TC.) Sometimes you won't agree with the assessment, and you can simply remove the Recentism tag.

Policies

 * Article titles
 * § Deciding on an article title
 * § Name changes
 * Biographies of living persons
 * § Writing style
 * § Avoid gossip and feedback loops
 * § Subjects notable only for one event
 * § Recently dead or probably dead
 * Neutral point of view
 * § Balancing aspects
 * Verifiability
 * § Accessibility
 * § Verifiability does not guarantee inclusion
 * No original research
 * § Primary, secondary and tertiary sources
 * What Wikipedia is not
 * § Wikipedia is not a soapbox or means of promotion
 * § Wikipedia is not a newspaper
 * § Wikipedia is not an indiscriminate collection of information
 * Wikipedia is not a dictionary
 * § Neologisms

Guidelines

 * As of
 * Content forking
 * § Unacceptable types of forking
 * § Article spinoffs: "Summary style" meta-articles and summary sections
 * Disambiguation
 * § Is there a primary topic?
 * § Naming the specific topic articles
 * Manual of Style
 * § Retaining existing styles
 * § Identity
 * § Current
 * Notability
 * § General notability guideline
 * § Notable topics have attracted attention over a sufficiently significant period of time
 * § Whether to create standalone pages
 * Notability (books)
 * § Not-yet-published books
 * Notability (events)
 * Notability (films)
 * § Future films, incomplete films, and undistributed films
 * Notability (music)
 * § Unreleased material
 * Notability (people)
 * § People notable for only one event
 * Notability (periodicals)
 * § Not yet or newly published periodicals
 * Reliable sources
 * § Age matters
 * § Breaking news
 * § Headlines
 * Reliable sources (medicine)
 * § Respect secondary sources
 * § Use up-to-date evidence

Essays

 * Build content to endure – essay discussing how to prevent content from degrading over time
 * Proseline – the nephew of recentism, proseline is the tendency to choppy writing, often containing dates, that ends up looking like a timeline
 * Systemic bias
 * Too soon

Articles

 * Exceptionalism

title: Wikipedia:Recentism


text:
W. G. Curtis

W. G. Curtis was a farmer and politician in the U.S. state of Wyoming in the late 19th century, having served in the Wyoming State Legislature representing Laramie County.

Curtis is credited with founding the town of Torrington, Wyoming. The first post office was built in 1889 on the western part of Curtis's farm, approximately a mile from the current town. Curtis, serving as the first postmaster, named the town after Torrington, Connecticut, where he and his family had formerly lived. Curtis was also mayor of Torrington for two terms and served in the Wyoming State Legislature in 1903.

title: W. G. Curtis


text:
Source-specific multicast

Source-specific multicast (SSM) is a method of delivering multicast packets in which the only packets that are delivered to a receiver are those originating from a specific source address requested by the receiver. By so limiting the source, SSM reduces demands on the network and improves security.

SSM requires that the receiver specify the source address and explicitly excludes the use of the (*,G) join for all multicast groups in RFC 3376, which is possible only in IPv4's IGMPv3 and IPv6's MLDv2.

Any-source multicast (as counterexample)
Source-specific multicast is best understood in contrast to any-source multicast (ASM). In the ASM service model a receiver expresses interest in traffic to a multicast address. The multicast network must This behavior is particularly well suited to groupware applications where The source discovery burden on the network can become significant when the number of sources is large.
 * 1) discover all multicast sources sending to that address, and
 * 2) route data from all sources to all interested receivers.
 * 1) all participants in the group want to be aware of all other participants, and
 * 2) the list of participants is not known in advance.

Operation
In the SSM service model, in addition to the receiver expressing interest in traffic to a multicast address, the receiver expresses interest in receiving traffic from only one specific source sending to that multicast address. This relieves the network of discovering many multicast sources and reduces the amount of multicast routing information that the network must maintain.

SSM requires support in last-hop routers and in the receiver's operating system. SSM support is not required in other network components, including routers and even the sending host. Interest in multicast traffic from a specific source is conveyed from hosts to routers using IGMPv3 as specified in RFC 4607.

SSM destination addresses must be in the ranges  for IPv4. For IPv6 current allowed SSM destination addresses are specified by, where the hexadecimal digit   represents the scope. Note however that the allocation may be extended in the future so receivers and network equipment should treat any  address as SSM.

title: Source-specific multicast


text:
User:Deadlock/Template:test

 * 1) Hello
 * 2) There

title: User:Deadlock/Template:test


text:
Talisman Energy

Talisman Energy Inc. was a Canadian independent petroleum company that existed between 1993 and 2015. The company was created from the assets of BP Canada after British Petroleum divested its 57 percent stake in June 1992. It was one of Canada's largest independent oil and gas companies, and operated globally, with operations in Canada (B.C., Alberta, Ontario, Saskatchewan, Quebec) and the United States of America (Pennsylvania, New York, Texas ) in North America; Colombia, South America; Algeria in North Africa; United Kingdom and Norway in Europe; Indonesia, Malaysia, Vietnam, Papua New Guinea, East Timor and Australia in the Far East; and Kurdistan in the Middle East. Talisman Energy has also built the offshore Beatrice Wind Farm in the North Sea off the coast of Scotland.

The company was acquired by Repsol in 2015 and in January 2016 was renamed to Repsol Oil & Gas Canada Inc.

The company initially grew quickly through a number of mergers and acquisitions, which reflects in the complex history and large diversity of holdings. In the 2015 Forbes Global 2000, Talisman Energy was ranked as the 1728th -largest public company in the world. Talisman was the first Canadian company to join the Voluntary Principles on Security and Human Rights Plenary Group (Voluntary Principles on Security and Human Rights) and is a participant in the United Nations Global Compact.

Background: 1925–92
The origins of Talisman energy traces to the Supertest Petroleum Corporation, which was founded in 1923 and headquartered in London, Ontario.

In 1953, British Petroleum Company (BP) entered the Canadian market through the purchase of a minority stake in Calgary-based Triad Oil Company. In the early 1950s, the power struggle between oil companies and host governments in Middle East started, which hampered operations of British Petroleum in the region, and prompted it to diversify its operations beyond the heavily Middle East dependent oil production. The Canadian holding company of British Petroleum was renamed BP Canada in 1969; and in 1971, it acquired 97.8% stake of Supertest.

Subsequently, Supertest was renamed to BP Canada Ltd, and other Canadian interests of British Petroleum were amalgamated to the new company. BP retail operations disappeared from Canada in the early 1980s, when in 1982, BP Canada divested its downstream assets to Petro-Canada, which was at the time owned by the Government of Canada.

1992–2011
In 1992, British Petroleum sold off its 57% stake in BP Canada Ltd to the public. BP Canada was later renamed to Talisman Energy Inc. and one of Canada's largest independent oil and gas company was founded. After the split from British Petroleum, Talisman Energy sold off its money losing mining operations and focused on its large natural gas holdings in British Columbia, Canada.

Its subsidiary Fortuna Petroleum, became one of the first international oil companies to do business with Cuba. A year later in 1993, Talisman Energy bought Encor Inc from BCE, doubling in size and becoming one of Canada's largest petroleum companies. Talisman Energy acquired Bow Valley Energy from British Gas PLC in 1994, gaining more assets in Canada and an important presence in the North Sea and Southeast Asia. In 1995, it pulled out of Cuba to focus on these areas.

In 1997, Talisman Energy launched a takeover bid of Wascana Energy, a former crown corporation of the Saskatchewan government. It got into a bidding war over Wascana with Canadian Occidental Petroleum (later, Nexen), and failed in its attempt. It continued its aggressive expansion, investing in the North Sea and Indonesia; and in 1997, bought the smaller Pembina Resources.

In 1999, Talisman Energy acquired Rigel Energy. Since then, Talisman has expanded its operation in Southeast Asia and in the North Sea, with a brief exploration operations in South Eastern Trinidad & Tobago.

On May 30, 2007, the company announced the retirement of its longtime President & CEO, James Buckee. John Manzoni, formerly of BP, was named as his successor, effective September 1, 2007.

In January 2008, Talisman agreed to buy RSX Energy Inc, an oil and gas company based in Calgary, Alberta focused on exploration and development in Western Canada. Formed in 1997 as Royal Sovereign Exploration Inc. it changed its name to RSX Energy in 2002.

2012
In July 2012, Talisman Energy sold part of its interests in Britain to focus on higher-growth shale gas projects in North America and Southeast Asia. A joint venture with China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation Limited (or Sinopec) was announced, that saw Talisman sell 49% of its Aberdeen, Scotland-based North Sea business to Sinopec for US$1.5 billion.

On September 10, 2012, the company announced that John Manzoni had agreed to step down as president and CEO, effective immediately, and would be replaced by board member Hal Kvisle. Kvisle had been on Talisman's board of directors since 2010 and was previously CEO of Canadian pipeline builder TransCanada Corp. between 2001 and 2010. The news surprised market analysts and fueled speculation that Talisman was then a greater potential takeover target, similar to that of industry peer Nexen Inc. when it agreed to a $15.1 billion acquisition made by China National Offshore Oil Co. two months earlier. However, Kvisle stressed that he and the board would be focused on making Talisman a "sustainable long-term, successful Canadian company" rather than putting it up for sale.

2013
In October 2013, activist investor Carl Icahn acquired around 61 million shares in the company and announced he would be seeking a place on the board. His acquisition prompted the firm's share price to rocket by 16% before ultimately plummeting 60% over the course of 2014 before Icahn divested.

Acquisition by Repsol 2014-2015
Following months of speculation and negotiations, Spanish energy company Repsol tendered an offer to buy Talisman in early December 2014 for US$8 per share. Including debt obligations of US$5 billion, the deal was worth US$13.1 billion. On February 19, 2015, Talisman shareholders approved the acquisition offer from Repsol with 99 percent of shareholders in each class voting in favor of the deal.

In January 2016, Repsol announced that the legal name of Talisman would be changed to Repsol Oil & Gas Canada Inc. effective January 1, 2016.

Controversy in Sudan
In 1998, Talisman made one of its most controversial moves when it purchased Arakis Energy. The acquired business had involvement in the Sudanese oil industry through a 25% interest in the Greater Nile Oil project operated by the Greater Nile Petroleum Operating Company (GNPOC). Further, GNPOC was a consortium which included Sinopec, the national petroleum company of China (40%); Petronas, the national oil company of Malaysia (30%); and Sudapet, the national petroleum company of Sudan (5%).

At the time, the Second Sudanese Civil War was under way and the government of Sudan was almost totally reliant on oil revenues for its war effort. This war effort was repeatedly accused of war crimes, human rights abuses, and genocide. International observers accused the Sudanese government of forcibly displacing residents to make way for oil exploration and exploitation. As conditions in Sudan worsened, an international outcry developed led by NGOs and churches. They called for divestment in Talisman shares and pushed the Canadian government to penalize the company. As part of this protest, the Presbyterian Church of Sudan sued the company in an American court for genocide, stating that Talisman had helped Sudanese officials "bomb churches, kill church leaders and attack villages in an effort to clear the way for oil exploration."

In an unprecedented event, an American judge decided the lawsuit was valid, but it was later dismissed by the US District Court for the Southern District of New York. The court concluded that the plaintiffs had no admissible evidence to support the claims against Talisman Energy. The finding in the U.S. lawsuit is consistent with the report of the Harker mission in 2000, which admonished Talisman for not doing enough to stop human rights abuses by other groups, but did not find that Talisman had actively aided in any atrocities. In response to the allegations, Talisman initiated an annual third-party verified, "Corporate Responsibility Report" and implementing procedures for monitoring the company's compliance with the International Code of Ethics for Canadian Business.

In 2003, Talisman Energy divested the Sudan interest acquired through the Arakis acquisition, selling its complete 25% stake to Indian company ONGC Videsh. Whether this divestiture benefited the people of Sudan is highly questionable, with concern having been raised by one NGO active in the region: "If you pressure Talisman to leave Sudan then will the remaining actors take any action to address these critical issues? At least Talisman has taken notice and responded ...". Talisman's chief executive Jim Buckee was quoted by the BBC saying "It has been very difficult for us to operate [in Sudan], in the event of signing a peace agreement, we will come back to Sudan."

President
Dr James W. Buckee, 1993–2007 Sir John A. Manzoni, 2007–2012 Harold N. Kvisle, 2012–2015

Chairman of the Board
David A. Claydon, 1993 S. Keith McWalter, 1993–1996 Peter N. T. Widdrington, 1996–2001 David E. Powell, 2001–2003 Douglas D. Baldwin, 2003–2009 Charles R. Williamson, 2009–2015

title: Talisman Energy


text:
Benoit (disambiguation)

Benoît is a French name. Benoit may also refer to:

Places

 * Benoit, Alabama, an unincorporated community, United States
 * Benoit, Minnesota, an unincorporated community, United States
 * Benoit, Mississippi, a town, United States
 * Benoit, Texas, an unincorporated community, United States
 * Benoit, Wisconsin, an unincorporated community, United States

Other

 * Benoit (book), 2007 book about professional wrestler Chris Benoit
 * Chris Benoit (1967-2007), Canadian professional wrestler, known also for the double-murder suicide
 * Chris Benoit (song), 2012 song by Insane Clown Posse and Mike E. Clark
 * Jacques Benoit, (1896-1982), French biologist and physician
 * Jacques Benoit, (1955-), French painter
 * Nancy Benoit (1964-2007), American professional wrestling valet and wife of Chris Benoit
 * Yasmin Benoit (1995/1996-), British model and asexual activist
 * Supreme Blientele, studio album by Westside Gunn alternatively titled "Chris Benoit"

title: Benoit (disambiguation)


text:
MLD

MLD may refer to:

Medicine

 * Manual lymphatic drainage
 * Metachromatic leukodystrophy, a rare neurometabolic genetic condition

Science and technology

 * Masking Level Difference, see Auditory masking
 * Mean log deviation in statistics and econometrics
 * Mixed layer depth in hydrography
 * Multicast Listener Discovery, in computer networking
 * Million liter per day, in environmental engineering

Other

 * ICAO airline designator of Air Moldova
 * Maldives, ITU country code
 * Maniac Latin Disciples, a street gang
 * Marine Luchtvaart Dienst, the Dutch Naval Aviation Service
 * Mutually locally derivable, a mathematical property of aperiodic tile sets
 * EU Money Laundering Directive
 * Miluo East railway station, China Railway pinyin code MLD
 * Monolingual learner's dictionary, type of dictionary designed to meet the reference needs of people learning a foreign language.
 * Moreland railway station, Melbourne

title: MLD


text:
Mayuri Kurotsuchi

is a fictional character in the Bleach anime and manga created by Tite Kubo. He is the current captain of the 12th Division of the Gotei 13 and overseer of the Soul Reapers' Research and Development Institute.

History
110 years prior to the series, Mayuri was an inmate in the Maggots Nest, the only one dangerous enough to be chained behind bars for his utter lack of regard for life when it comes to experimentation. But that changed when Mayuri is visited by Kisuke Urahara and his lieutenant Hiyori Sarugaki, the former offering Mayuri a position in the SRDI. After initially refusing being Urahara's assistant, Mayuri accepts when Urahara points out that he be his successor should anything happen to him. Nine years after his release, Kisuke and Hiyori forced to leave the Soul Society, Mayuri becomes the new captain of Squad 12. As the result of the fifth experiment in his life-creating Nemuri Project while later taking the seventh surviving experiment, Nemu Kurotsuchi, to be his lieutenant and lab assistant while pretending to be uncaring towards her to hide his joy of creating a fully stable artificial life form. During this time, Mayuri experimented on Quincies, including Soken Ishida, the grandfather and trainer of Uryū Ishida.

Plot overview
When Ichigo and his allies entered the Soul Society, Mayuri aided in the search for the Ryoka and found Orihime Inoue and Uryū. Orihime escaped and Mayuri reluctantly fights Uryū, seeing no need to study Quincies any further. Uryu is initially too weak to fight Mayuri until the Soul Reaper revealed that he experimented on Soken Ishida which his opponent unlocking his full Quincy powers prior to escaping. Mayuri remained on the sidelines for the duration of the search out of disinterest, after he learns of Sosuke Aizen's betrayal.

Later, Mayuri, Byakuya Kuchiki, Kenpachi Zaraki, Retsu Unohana and their subordinates head to Hueco Mundo. He saves Uryū and Renji Abarai from Szayel Aporro Granz, having an advantage against the Espada due to a bacterium he implanted in Uryū during their last fight that analyzed Szayelaporro's abilities. After defeating his controlled Zanpakuto while his opponent uses Nemu's body to reconstitute himself, Mayuri felt disappointed by the Arrancar's claims to have become a perfect being. As Szayelaporro's new body is paralyzed from exposure to one of the serums in Nemu's body dubbed the Superhuman Drug, Mayuri very slowly kills him while giving him a lecture on why scientists shouldn't claim or even want perfection. Soon after, Mayuri investigates Szayelaporro's laboratory to take what he can for his research before healing Uryū and Renji, followed by sending Ichigo Kurosaki and Unohana through the Garganta to the Fake Karakura Town. While explaining to Byakuya that he is more interested in seeing what specimens Hueco Mundo offers to him, Mayuri notes that he does have faith in Ichigo's ability to end the war. Once the fight against Aizen is settled, Mayuri attempts to seal off the Fake Karakura Town with their allies still inside but is stopped by his subordinates.

Almost a year later, Mayuri appears at a captain's meeting where he and Akon explain what they know about the Quincy group known as the Wandereich. Furthermore, Mayuri confirms that he ordered his squad to slaughter the 28,000 people in the Rukon to stabilize the Wandereich slaughtering Hollows while getting into a debate with Head Captain Yamamoto Genryusai over whose fault that such a deed needed to be carried out. Mayuri is further livid during the Wandereich's attack on the Soul Society when his fellow captains' lost their Bankai as a result of deciding to act on their own before he could completed his analysis on the enemy. Following the first invasion, meeting with Ichigo to discuss his broken Zangetsu, Mayuri locked himself away to continue his research on the Wandereich's Bankai stealing abilities with Urahara offering his assistance on the matter to develop a countermeasure to give the Soul Reaper captains who lost their Bankai an advantage. During the second Wandenreich invasion, Mayuri personally gets involved once interested in the abilities of Giselle Gewelle to turn living Soul Reapers into her zombie slaves while unveiling his own personal fighting team in the revived Arrancars Dordoni Alessandro Del Socaccio, Cirucci Sanderwicci, Luppi Antenor, and Charlotte Chuhlhourne. When Toshiro Hitsugaya appears as Giselle's zombie slave, Mayuri takes on the fellow Soul Reaper captain with the intent to test some of his serums on the youth. But by the time the zombified Rose, Kensei, and Rangiku arrive after Hitsugaya's defeat, Mayuri revealed that he devised a serum to alter the blood of the zombified Soul Reapers so they can only obey him. After having Giselle killed, while restoring Hitsugaya and Rangiku to normal, Mayuri takes Rose and Kensei to aid Byakuya in his fight against PePe Waccabrada.

When Yhwach absorbed the Soul King's power, Mayuri and Kenpachi come across Pernida Parnkgjas in the transformed Royal Realm. After Pernida defeats Kenpachi, deeming the mysterious Wandenreich to be creepy for even him, Mayuri finds himself in a battle for his life after Perinda reveals himself to be the left arm of the Soul King. After his attempt to defeat Perinda with a variation of his Konjiki Ashisogi Jizō failed, realizing the arm is constantly evolving, Mayuri finds himself being protected by Nemu before she throws him over to a nearby building to watch her fight with the arm unfold. Though Nemu dies while having visions of being taunted by Szayelaporro, Mayuri saves his creation's brain from being eaten by Perinda so the Quincy would die an antagonizing death from her cellular makeup. In the series epilogue, Mayuri created a new Nemu.

Abilities
His greatest ability is his scientific intellect. He's able to think many steps ahead of his opponents and has created numerous inventions to aid him in battle. He is also a master of Kido and has a very high level of Reiatsu.

Zanpakutō
His Zanpakutō is Ashisogi Jizō (疋殺地蔵). When released with the command "Claw Out" (掻き毟れ), Ashisogi Jizō's blade transforms into a deformed trident head. When it stabs an opponent, it emits a poison that severs the nerve signals that control limb movement, paralyzing that limb regardless of where it was struck. However, unlike normal paralysis, the affected area is still able to feel pain, something which is rather fitting for Mayuri's demented tendencies. Ashisogi Jizō's bankai, named Konjiki Ashisogi Jizō (金色疋殺地蔵), takes the form of a giant caterpillar with a baby's head and a silver halo. The creature breathes a poisonous derivative of Mayuri's blood which is lethal to anyone who breathes it, aside from himself and Nemu. It can also run through and skewer opponents with the multiple blades that erupt from its chest. Mayuri has physically modified his bankai so that it will self-destruct and return to its sealed state if it attacks him. It is also shown that Mayuri changes the poison he uses every time he shows his bankai. During his fight against Pernida, Mayuri reveals an alternate bankai called Konjiki Ashisogi Jizō: Makai Fukuin Shōtai, which is an enormous overweight infant-like creature that gives birth to a Konjiki Ashisogi Jizō specially designed to Mayuri's specifications against a certain opponent.

Ashisogi Jizo appears as a free Zanpakutō spirit in the Zanpakutō Unknown Tales anime arc as a small, baby-like creature with butterfly wings. As a final defensive measure, Mayuri can reduce himself to liquid form for three days by stabbing himself with his Zanpakutō. This leaves him unable to attack or be attacked, making it a very effective escape tool.

Other media
He appears in almost every video games as a playable character and was in the first three Bleach films. In Bleach: The DiamondDust Rebellion, Byakuya, Jushiro Ukitake and Shunsui Kyoraku go to his lab to ask him if it's possible for people to have the same Zanpakuto. In Bleach: Fade to Black his lab is attacked and he is driven insane, with Nemu, the rest of Squad 12 and Kenpachi trying to get him under control before they're engulfed by a white liquid from one of the machines in his laboratory.

Reception
Mayuri ranked 28th place in the 3rd popularity poll. His fight with Uryu was ranked 8th place in the Bleach Best Bout. His sword, Ashi Sogi Jizo was the 26th ranked zanpakuto in the 5th poll. Mayuri has appeared in much merchandise including key chains, arm bands, and action figures.

Carlo Santos of Anime News Network said that there was "a certain amount of ridiculousness" in watching Szayelapporo Granz and Mayuri try to get the upper hand on each other during their fight. However, he went on to say that Mayuri finishing the battle was a "wonderfully jaw-dropping conclusion" to Volume 34. D.F. Smith of IGN.com praised Terrence Stone's voice acting and noted that it's "more than weird enough to match the character." Bryce Coulter characterized Mayuri as sinister, twisted and pragmatic. He also said that he was a creepy old man and an absolute freak, but an empirical scientist at heart.

title: Mayuri Kurotsuchi


text:
Eibenschütz

Eibenschütz is a European Jewish surname whose origin is traced to the Moravian town of Ivančice - Eybenschütz in German.

Notable people with the surname include:

 * Albert Eibenschütz, German pianist, cousin of Ilona Eibenschütz
 * Camilla Eibenschütz, German actress, daughter of Albert Eibenschütz
 * David Solomon Eibenschütz, Russian rabbi and author; died in Safed, Palestine, 1812
 * Ilona Eibenschütz, Hungarian pianist; born at Budapest
 * Jonathan Eybeschütz (Jonathan Eibenschütz), Central European rabbi and Talmudist in 18th Century; born in Cracow
 * Simon Aaron Eibenschütz, Danish philanthropist; born in Copenhagen

title: Eibenschütz