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Heinz-Klaus Metzger

Heinz-Klaus Metzger (6 February 1932 – 25 October 2009) was a German music critic and theorist.

Born in Konstanz, Metzger studied piano under Carl Seemann in Freiburg im Breisgau and composition under Max Deutsch in Paris. Later, he met Theodor W. Adorno, Edgard Varèse, Karlheinz Stockhausen and Luigi Nono at the Darmstadt International Summer Courses for New Music. Here he found his role as a notable theoretician and proponent of serialism in musical theory. He participated as a distinguished contributor to a series of important texts in the journal Die Reihe. Metzger was among the first critics to promote Stockhausen's music, but was soon a substantial critic of Stockhausen's compositional development.

In the 1960s, Metzger was one of the first European commentators on John Cage, and spokesman of "compositional anarchy", which resulted in the Kölner Manifest of 1960, and serving as a copy editor of the magazine Collage in Palermo. From 1965 until 1969 he worked as a music critic for the magazine Die Weltwoche in Zürich. In 1969, he founded, together with his partner, composer and conductor Rainer Riehn, the Ensemble Musica Negativa, where they embraced the performance of radical new music. In 1987, Metzger and Riehn became the chief dramatic advisors of the Oper Frankfurt under Gary Bertini. During their tenure, Oper Frankfurt commissioned and premiered John Cage's Europeras I and II.

From 1977 to 2002, Metzger and Riehn founded, edited, researched, and provided texts criticism for the musicology series Musik-Konzepte (Concepts of music); for this they received the Deutscher Kritikerpreis (German critics prize) in 1983. Also, they edited the two first volumes of the compositions of Adorno. Metzger has received honorary doctorates from the Berlin University of the Arts and from the University of Palermo.

Metzger died in Berlin in 2009 at the age of 77.

Works

 * Musik wozu. Literatur zu Noten, with Rainer Riehn, Frankfurt a.M.: Suhrkamp 1980
 * Die freigelassene Musik. Schriften zu John Cage, Rainer Riehn and Florian Neuner (editors), Wien: Klever Verlag 2012

title: Heinz-Klaus Metzger


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Light Division

The Light Division is a light infantry division of the British Army. It was reformed in 2022, as part of Future Soldier reforms.

Its origins lay in "Light Companies" formed during the late 18th century, to move at speed over inhospitable terrain and protect a main force with skirmishing tactics. These units took advantage of then-new technology in the form of rifles, which allowed it to emphasise marksmanship, and were aimed primarily at disrupting and harassing enemy forces, in skirmishes before the main forces clashed.

Formed in 1803, during the Napoleonic Wars, the Light Division was raised thereafter: during the Crimean War, the First World War, from 1968 to 2007, and from 2022 to the present day. Some light infantry units remained and remain outside of the Light Division.

Origins of the Light Division
The British Army's first three "Rifle Battalion" was raised by the 60th (Royal Americans) in 1797–99. The command of this first rifle battalion was given to Francis de Rottenburg, who had extensive experience with light infantry. While the 60th did not officially become part of the Light Division, it and Rottenburg were influential in terms of British Army doctrine regarding rifle-armed light infantry.

In 1800, an "Experimental Corps of Riflemen", was raised by Colonel Coote Manningham and Lieutenant-Colonel the Hon. William Stewart – drawn from officers and other ranks from drafts of a variety of British regiments. The corps differed in several regards from the Line infantry of the British Army. Most significantly, it was armed with the formidable Baker rifle, which was more accurate and of longer range than the musket, although it took longer to load. As the rifle was shorter than the musket, it was issued with a 21-inch sword bayonet. Riflemen wore dark green jackets rather than the bright red coats of the British line infantry regiments of that time; pantaloons, rather than breeches; black leather facings and belts rather than white and; a green plume on their "stovepipe shakoes". They were trained to work alone or in pairs, in open order and to think for themselves.

Napoleonic Wars
Four months after its formation, the Rifle Corps was judged ready for its first operation. On 25 August 1800, three companies, under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel William Stewart, spearheaded a British amphibious landing at Ferrol, Spain, where the Rifles helped to dislodge the Spanish defenders on the heights. However the expedition was defeated and withdrew the following day. In 1801, one company of the corps, under the command of Captain Sidney Beckwith, served as marksmen aboard Royal Navy ships at the First Battle of Copenhagen. During the battle, the Rifle Corps suffered one lieutenant killed, its first officer to fall, and two other ranks killed and six wounded, some of whom died later. (In 1847 the Admiralty made the Naval General Service Medal with the clasp "Copenhagen 1801" claimable by surviving veterans, including members of the Rifle Corps.)

In January 1803, the corps became an established regular regiment and was renamed the 95th Regiment of Foot (Rifles).

On 17 July 1803, an unofficial "Corps of Light Infantry" was formed, by brigading together the (The name "Light Division" was not used until several years later.)
 * 43rd (Monmouthshire Light Infantry) Regiment, the
 * 52nd (Oxfordshire) Regiment of Foot (Light Infantry) and the
 * 95th Regiment.

General Sir John Moore finished training the 43rd, 52nd, and 95th in September 1805.

Because the three Rifle battalions of the 60th Royal Americans were already wearing the green clothing and black leather equipment that were typical of continental light infantry, the 95th Rifles adopted the same uniform as the 60th. But despite the best efforts of Moore, the other light infantry regiments were ordered to conform to the regulations for light companies of line regiments by retaining their red jackets.

Armed with the Baker rifle and wearing dark green uniforms, the Green Jackets were hard to spot and spent their time sniping at enemy officers, NCOs and any other figure of authority in an enemy formation. A well-aimed shot could bring down an enemy commander with ease, lowering morale in the enemy. The Baker Rifle had far greater accuracy and range than the standard muskets of the time and the men using them were considered marksmen, trading devastating firepower for superior accuracy and range.

In 1807, Denmark while officially neutral, was suspected by the British of planning to ally itself with France. The corps of light infantry (43rd, 52nd and 95th Regiments) led by Sir Arthur Wellesley, the future Duke of Wellington, was part of a force that defeated Danish forces at the Siege of Køge and Second Battle of Copenhagen, and with it the entire Danish fleet.

The Corps of Light Infantry, under Moore, sailed for Spain for what would become known as the Peninsular War. The campaign established the value of light infantry armed with rifles.

Four further battalions were trained by Rottenberg in the Curragh of Kildare in Ireland during May 1808. Later, Rottenberg returned to England and, at Brabdourn Lees barracks in Ashford, retrained the 68th, 85th and 71st Regiments as light infantry, to help meet the demand for such troops in the Peninsula.

During the Peninsular war of 1808–1809, Caçadores Battalions of the Portuguese Army were attached to the Light Division.

Battle of Corunna
The Battle of Corunna, (16 January 1809), was an attack by 16,000 French under Marshal Soult during the amphibious evacuation of 16,000 British under General Sir John Moore. Moore had hoped to draw the French Army away from Portugal, to allow the small British force in that country to be reinforced, and to allow the Spanish armies to reform. Hugely outnumbered, Moore was forced to retreat. Made in a harsh winter and under constant pressure, the retreat severely tried his men. The exhausting marches, cold weather and frequent skirmishes with the pursuing French units saw many fall to illness or exhaustion, or to turn to alcohol and become so drunk that they were left behind. The Light Division (then the Light Brigade) was one of the few units that kept its discipline and, along with units of British cavalry, fought a series of rearguard actions against the French. The brigade then fought at Corunna where the French were repulsed. It was then sent to Vigo for embarkation.

''Thomas Plunket was a Rifleman in the 95th Rifles. During the retreat Plunket shot the French Général de Brigade Auguste-Marie-François Colbert at a range of between 200 and 600 metres using a Baker rifle. Plunket had run forward to make this shot, and before returning to his own lines he reloaded, and shot a trumpet-major who had rushed to the aid of the fallen general. This second feat showed that the first shot had not been a fluke, and the deaths were sufficient to throw the pending French attack into disarray. The shots were at a sufficiently long distance to impress others in the 95th Rifles, whose marksmanship (with the Baker rifle) was far better than the ordinary British soldier who, armed with a Brown Bess musket, was trained to shoot into a body of men at 50 metres with volley fire. ''

Battle of Talavera
While reforming in England after their evacuation from Corunna, Brigadier-General Robert Craufurd was ordered to take his brigade, now composed of the 1st Battalion of the 43rd, 1st Battalion of the 52nd and 1st Battalion of the 95th, back to the Peninsula. The brigade landed at Lisbon on 2 July 1809 and embarked on a series of grueling marches in the July heat to join Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington's army. Wellesley fought and won the battle while the Light Brigade was still pouring sweat on the road, although at times it averaged 30 miles per day. The Riflemen of the 60th performed sterling service in their absence, being one of the few regiments mentioned by name in Wellesley's dispatch to the British government. During the reorganizations that followed, Craufurd was given command of the 3rd Division, whose previous commander, Major-General Mackenzie, had been killed at Talavera. With the subsequent addition of Captain Hew Ross's troop of Royal Horse Artillery, the 1st Hussars of the K.G.L. and the Portuguese 3rd Caçadores Battalion (commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel George Elder), this became the Light Division.' Craufurd also wrote the first Standing Orders for the Light Division, a training manual and handbook.

Battle of the River Côa
Craufurd's operations on the Côa and Águeda in 1810 were daring to the point of rashness; the drawing on of the French forces into what became the Battle of the River Côa (24 July 1810), in particular was a rare lapse in judgement that almost saw his removal from command. Although Wellington censured him for his conduct, he at the same time increased his force to a full division by the addition of two picked battalions of Portuguese Caçadores, Chestnut troop, Royal Horse Artillery (RHA) & part of the 14th & 16th,  Light Dragoons

Battle of Bussaco
The Battle of Bussaco, (27 September 1810) was a defensive battle won by the Allies which allowed Wellington to resume the retreat of his army into the previously fortified Lines of Torres Vedras. He reached these by 10 October. Finding the lines too strong to attack, the French withdrew into winter quarters. Deprived of food and harried by British hit-and-run tactics, the French lost 25,000 men captured or dead from starvation or sickness before they retreated into Spain early in 1811, freeing Portugal from French occupation except for Almeida, near the frontier. During the retreat, the Battle of Sabugal was also fought.

Battle of Sabugal
The Battle of Sabugal (3 April 1811), Craufurd had taken ill and was home in England so the Division was under the command of Major-General William Erskine, the plan was for the Light Division and two brigades of cavalry to circle behind the French open left flank while the other four divisions attacked the front. On the day of the battle there was a heavy fog, the other commanders decided to wait until visibility improved. Undeterred, Erskine ordered Lieut-Colonel Thomas Sydney Beckwith's 1st Brigade forward. Instead of crossing the Côa beyond the French, the brigade drifted to the left in the fog, crossed at the wrong location and struck the French left flank. Erskine, who was very nearsighted and mentally unbalanced, then became cautious and issued explicit instructions to Colonel George Drummond not to support his fellow brigade commander. At this point, Erskine rode off to join the cavalry, leaving the Light Division leaderless for the rest of the battle. The French switched most of their 10,000-man corps against Beckwith's 1,500 and pressed the light infantry back. When Drummond heard the sounds of battle approaching, he deduced that Beckwith's men were retreating. Disobeying orders, Drummond led his 2nd Brigade across the Côa and joined Beckwith. Together they drove the French back.

Battle of Fuentes De Onoro
At the Battle of Fuentes de Onoro (3 May 1811) the 51st Foot and 85th Light Infantry, along with the Light Division demonstrated how the French Cavalry could be beaten by a combination of rapid movements, accurate rifle fire and disciplined formations. During the battle the Light Division was sent to reinforce the 51st and 85th Light Infantry, who had been caught in open ground and surrounded by French Cavalry. When reinforced, the whole force was able to retire rapidly – chased by the French cavalry. Whenever the French came close, the light infantrymen, riflemen and caçadores, rapidly formed squares at the last safe moment, beating off the cavalry. This series of rapid moves, combined with the disciplined forming of squares – off the line of march, was a spectacle that few could have believed was possible.

Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo
The Division, now once again under the command of Major-General Robert Craufurd, was involved in the Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo (8 January 1812), where they stormed and took the Grand Teson redoubt. Then on 19 January together with Major-General Thomas Picton's 3rd Division they were ordered to storm the city. Picton's Division assaulting the greater breach in the northwest of the city's walls while the Light Division was sent against the lesser breach in the north.

Launched at 7 pm, the assault was completely successful, although amongst the dead were Major-Generals Henry Mackinnon and Craufurd. The victory was somewhat marred when the British rank and file thoroughly sacked the city, despite the efforts of their officers.

Battle of Salamanca
Following on from the Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo and the death of Crauford the Division now under the command of Charles Alten, was held as the reserve division for the Battle of Salamanca (22 July 1812) and did not take a major part in the fighting.

Battle of Vitoria
At the Battle of Vitoria (21 June 1813), the division was part of the Right Center Column under Wellington's personal direction. Wellington launched his attack in four columns, and after hard fighting the enemy's centre was broken and soon the French defence crumbled. About 5,000 French soldiers were killed or wounded and 3,000 were taken prisoner, while Wellington's forces suffered about 5,000 killed or wounded. 152 cannons were captured, but King Joseph Bonaparte narrowly escaped. The battle led to the collapse of Napoleonic rule in Spain.

Battle of the Pyrenees
During the French withdrawal across the Pyrenees and into France the Light Division was involved in the Battle of the Pyrenees (25 July 1813) and the Battle of the Bidassoa (1813) (7 October 1813), during which the toughest fighting of the day occurred in Major General Bertrand Clausel's center sector. John Colborne's brigade of Charles Alten's Light Division attacked La Bayonette. Not waiting for the attack, the French charged downhill and drove back the 95th Rifles. Suddenly the 52nd appeared and quickly turned the tables. Following closely behind the retreating French, they overran the redoubt with surprising ease. Meanwhile, James Kempt's second Light Division brigade and Francisco de Longa's Spanish division attacked up two spurs of Mont Larroun to secure some positions. The next day the French abandoned the position to avoid encirclement.

Battle of Nivelle
The Battle of Nivelle (10 November 1813), started just before dawn as the Light Division headed towards the plateau on the summit of the Greater Rhune (the summit had been garrisoned by French troops but they had fled after the skirmish on the River Bidassoa, fearing to be cut off from their own army). The objective of the division was to sweep the three defensive forts constructed by the French out of the battle. They moved down into the ravine in front of the Lesser Rhune and were ordered to lie down and await the order to attack. After the signal from a battery of cannon, the offensive began. It started with the 43rd, 52nd and 95th – with the Portuguese Caçadores in support, storming the redoubts on the crest of the Rhune. Despite this being a risky move and the men being almost exhausted, the surprise and boldness of the British sent the French fleeing towards other forts on other hills.

While the 43rd and 95th were dealing with the French on the Rhune, there still remained one very strong star-shaped fort below on the Mouiz plateau which reached out towards the coast. This was attacked by Colborne's 52nd, supported by riflemen from the 95th. Once again, the French were surprised and the British succeeded. They had, in the French eyes, appeared from the ground at which point, in danger of being cut off, the French soldiers quickly fled leaving Colborne in possession of the fort and other trenches without loss of a single fatal casualty.

Battle of Toulouse
The final action of the Peninsula War was the Battle of Toulouse, (10 April 1814), In the evening of 10 April 1814, Marshall Soult, received an official communiqué from Paris informing him that Napoleon had surrendered to the Coalition forces in northern France. Unsure of what to do, Soult's generals advised him to surrender the city, as reinforcements were unlikely to arrive and further news reached Toulouse informing Soult of the surrender of French armies across France. This ended the Peninsula War.

Claimed to be one of the strongest divisions in the British army in the Peninsula War, the Light Division proved its tough nature in the numerous actions it had been involved in from the infamous retreat to Corunna right up until the invasion of France in 1814 and the conclusion of the war at the Battle of Toulouse.

Structure during the Peninsular War

 * Commanding Generals: Robert Craufurd, William Erskine, Charles Alten
 * 1st Brigade
 * 1/43rd (Monmouthshire Light Infantry) Regiment
 * 1/95th Rifles
 * 3/95th Rifles (HQ & 5 companies)
 * 3rd Portuguese Caçadores.
 * 2nd Brigade
 * 1/52nd (Oxfordshire) Regiment of Foot (Light Infantry)
 * 2/95th Rifles
 * 1/17th Portuguese Line
 * 2/17th Portuguese Line
 * 1st Portuguese Caçadores.
 * Divisional Troops
 * Ross' Troop, Royal Horse Artillery
 * Part of the 14th Light Dragoons
 * Part of the 16th Light Dragoons

Waterloo
After the abdication of Napoleon in 1814 and his exile to the island of Elba, the Peninsula army was dismantled and divided. Following Napoleon's escape and return to power in France, there was one more battle to fight.

A Light Division by name was not formed for Waterloo but the Light Infantry battalions, excepting the 1st battalion of the 95th which was assigned to the 5th Division, were massed into the 3rd British Brigade assigned to the 2nd Division. The 3rd Brigade was commanded by then Major-General Frederick Adam. The other brigades were foreign troops with the 1st Brigade consisting of 4 line battalions of the Kings German Legion and 3rd Brigade consisting of four battalions of Hanoverian Landwehr (militia). Since the British army had so few light troops, 16 of 21 light infantry battalions in the Allied Army at Waterloo came from allied forces. The 3rd British Division, for example, had over 2,300 light infantry in King's German Legion and Hanoverian battalions.

The final action of the day saw Sir John Colborne bring the 52nd Light Infantry round to outflank the Old Guard, of the French Imperial Guard as it advanced towards the British centre in a last-ditch attempt to defeat Wellington. As the column passed his brigade, the 52nd charged, fired a destructive volley into the left flank of the Chasseurs and attacked with the bayonet. The whole of the Guard was driven back down the hill and began a general retreat to the cry of "La Garde recule"

After their unsuccessful attack on the British centre, The French Imperial Guard made a last stand in squares on either side of the La Belle Alliance. The 3rd (Light) Brigade charged the square which was formed on rising ground to the (British) right of La Belle Alliance and again threw them into a state of confusion. The other square was attacked by the Prussians. The French retreated away from the battle field towards France.

Structure at Waterloo

 * 2nd (Light) Brigade
 * 52nd (Oxfordshire) Regiment of Foot (Light Infantry), (the biggest battalion at Waterloo)
 * 71st (Glasgow Highland) Regiment of Foot (Light Infantry)
 * 2nd Battalion, 95th Rifles
 * Detachment, 3rd Battalion, 95th Rifles
 * 1st Brigade, King's German Legion
 * 1st Line Battalion, KGL
 * 2nd Line Battalion, KGL
 * 3rd Line Battalion, KGL
 * 4th Line Battalion, KGL
 * 3rd Hanoverian Brigade
 * Landwehr Battalion Bremervörde
 * Landwehr Battalion 2nd Duke of York's (Osnabrück)
 * Landwehr Battalion 3rd Duke of York's (Quakenbrück)
 * Landwehr Battalion Salzgitter

Crimean War
The Crimean War (1853–1856) was fought between Imperial Russia on one side and an alliance of France, the United Kingdom, the Kingdom of Sardinia, and the Ottoman Empire on the other. Most of the conflict took place on the Crimean Peninsula, with additional actions occurring in western Turkey, and the Baltic Sea region and is sometimes considered to be the first "modern" conflict and "introduced technical changes which affected the future course of warfare."

A Light Division was again formed for service, but this was in name only as no light infantry battalions were assigned to it. The division was involved in the Battle of the Alma (20 September 1854), which is usually considered the first battle of the Crimean War, took place in the vicinity of the River Alma in the Crimea. An Anglo-French force under General St. Arnaud and Lord Raglan defeated General Menshikov's Russian army, which lost around 6,000 troops. They were also engaged in the Siege of Sevastopol (1854–1855), and the battle of Battle of Inkerman (5 November 1854) before the end of hostilities.

Structure during the Crimean War

 * Commanding General:Lieutenant General Sir George Brown
 * First Brigade:Major General William Codrington
 * 33rd Regiment of Foot
 * 23rd The Royal Welch Regiment of Fusiliers
 * 7th Regiment of Foot
 * Second Brigade:Major General Sir George Buller
 * 77th (East Middlesex) Regiment of Foot
 * 88th Regiment of Foot (Connaught Rangers)
 * 19th (1st North Riding of Yorkshire) Regiment of Foot
 * One troop of Royal Horse Artillery
 * one field Battery Royal Artillery

By the late 19th century the concept of fighting in formation was on the wane and the distinctions between light and heavy infantry began to disappear. Essentially, all infantry became light infantry in practice. Some regiments retained the name and customs, but there was in effect no difference between them and other infantry regiments.

World Wars
During the First World War two Light Divisions were formed the 14th (Light) Division (they were the first division to be attacked by Germans using flamethrowers), and the 20th (Light) Division. Both served on the Western Front and were involved in the major battles, including the Battles of the Somme, Battles of Arras and the Battles of Ypres.

Following the end of the First World War, the British formed an occupation army in Germany: British Army of the Rhine (BAOR). In February 1919, the 2nd Division was redesignated as the Light Division, and it joined the BAOR.

The British Army did not form a Light Division for service during the Second World War, with the exception of the 61st Division, which was briefly redesignated as one in the final months of the war. The ethos of the Light Division, however, was carried on in new infantry formations such as the Commandos, Parachute Regiment and the Chindits, all of whom were lightly armed and fast and agile units.

1968 - 2007
After the Second World War the British Army had fourteen infantry depots, each bearing a letter. Infantry Depot J at Farnborough was the headquarters for the six English light infantry regiments and Infantry Depot O at Winchester was the headquarters for the two rifle regiments and the Middlesex Regiment.

In 1948, the depots adopted names and this became the Light Infantry Brigade and Green Jackets Brigade.

Then in 1968 the Light Division was reformed as an Administration Division with the regimentation of the Light Infantry Brigade and the Green Jackets Brigade. As formed, the Light Division comprised seven regular infantry battalions:
 * 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th Battalions, The Light Infantry
 * 1st, 2nd and 3rd Battalions, The Royal Green Jackets

The Light Infantry lost its 4th Battalion in 1969, while both regiments lost a battalion in 1992.

In 2005, two further regiments were attached to the Light Division:
 * 1st Battalion, The Devonshire and Dorset Light Infantry
 * 1st Battalion, The Royal Gloucestershire, Berkshire and Wiltshire Light Infantry

This was in preparation for all four regiments being amalgamated into a single large regiment named The Rifles, which was formed in February 2007. Regimental names of the regiments that formed The Rifles were not maintained. As a consequence, upon the formation of The Rifles, the name Light Division was no longer to be used.

2022 onwards
In 2022, as part of the Future Soldier reforms, the Light Division was reformed to serve as one of the new divisions of infantry intended to bring all infantry regiments under an administrative division. The new Light Division was formed from a total of ten infantry battalions (7 regular army and 3 Army Reserve), plus two additional incremental companies:

The 4th Battalion, Ranger Regiment was formerly the 4th Battalion, The Rifles.
 * 1st Battalion, The Royal Gurkha Rifles
 * 2nd Battalion, The Royal Gurkha Rifles
 * F (Falklands) Company, The Royal Gurkha Rifles
 * G (Coriano) Company, The Royal Gurkha Rifles
 * 1st Battalion, The Rifles
 * 2nd Battalion, The Rifles
 * 3rd Battalion, The Rifles
 * 5th Battalion, The Rifles
 * 4th Battalion, Ranger Regiment
 * 6th Battalion, The Rifles
 * 7th Battalion, The Rifles
 * 8th Battalion, The Rifles

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Light Division


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Power Word: IRL Name

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was No consensus. Fernando Rizo T/C 03:50, 11 September 2005 (UTC)

Power Word: IRL Name

 * Delete Neologism that only turns up 3 Google hits. Thanks, Luc "Somethingorother" French 13:00, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Policy DV8 2XL 14:38, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep/Merge I did not know where to put this information when I made the article, but it must go somewhere. The google hits are irrelevant because people use many names for this.  Who can suggest where to merge this article?   ChoobWriter 15:48, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I would suggest urbandictionary.com or a similar site ---Outlander 18:38, September 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Neologism --Outlander 18:38, September 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Urban dictionary Mcfly 20:55, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep/Merge - Merge this to the "Slang" article or a similar related article on Wiki. UniReb 21:27, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, neologism. --Carnildo 23:15, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, "power word" has 24,300 google hits. JeremyJX 14:16, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * User has only 16 edits. BTW, "power word" is *not* the relevent google search; "Power Word: IRL Name" is. Thanks, Luc "Somethingorother" French 23:36, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, for the abovementioned reasons SamsonFro 14:30, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * User has only 25 edits. Thanks, Luc "Somethingorother" French 23:36, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Uh, and why is 25 edits relevant? There's no policy against voting on vfd with a young account, and for some reason i'm doubting it's an abusive sockpuppet with 25 edits, unless they're all to vfds... -- Phroziac  ( talk ) 23:40, September 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: This is a c&p from Encyclopedia Dramatica. -HX 00:22, 3 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Being from encyclopedia dramatica, it can't be encyclopedic. :p Is this a copyvio? I looked on ED, and it's released under "no license". Does that mean it stays copyrighted to the people that write the articles then? What a hassle! -- Phroziac  ( talk ) 23:40, September 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Category:Sheffield United F.C.

__NOGALLERY__

title: Category:Sheffield United F.C.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Pavel Pardo signs for Wigan

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. — J I P | Talk 16:45, 10 September 2005 (UTC)

Pavel Pardo signs for Wigan
Seems like a self-written news article about a soccer/football player signing an endorsement deal. Unless there's a policy on transwikiing pages to Wikinews, delete. ral 315  13:01, September 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * ' Merge' into Pavel Pardo. Not significant enough for Wikinews, I'd say; several tens of players changed clubs in the past week before the "transfer window" closed at midnight on 31st August. Tonywalton | Talk 13:52, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as hoax. Nothing at all about this anywhere including bbc.co.uk/sport, and other news sources confirm that Wigan made only one signing before the deadline, and it wasn't Pardo. This doesn't meet WP:CSD, unfortunatle, but it's nonsense. . Tonywalton | Talk 14:20, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not encyclopedia topic DV8 2XL 14:07, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * transwikinews Roodog2k 14:57, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Transwikification to Wikinews is not legally permissible, given that Wikipedia is GFDL and Wikinews is public domain. Any opinion to transwikify has to be discounted, for not being a viable option.  Please choose a viable option instead. Uncle G 17:01:05, 2005-09-01 (UTC)
 * Comment legal or not, it's an utter fabrication.No mention of it (and there would be; this is an internationally-capped player joining a side newly promoted into the English Premier League) at http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/4199286.stm for example Tonywalton | Talk 20:49, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete There is already an article about Pavel Pardo. CalJW 22:09, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not encyclopedic. jni 12:57, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Sportscruft. / Peter Isotalo 08:17, 9 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:Amee

If there was any sense in the universe, this article would be deleted. But is there? --Doc (?) 13:01, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

Redirect 'Amee' to a SW page that does NOT include a SW character with that name? s-m-r-t —Preceding unsigned comment added by 58.8.112.100 (talk) 12:56, 14 August 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Amee


text:
Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Ulayiti

Ulayiti
[ Vote here] (29/1/0) ending 13:01 8 September 2005 (UTC) - This is a self-nomination. Ed Poor mistook me for an admin the other day, so I decided to try and actually become one. I've been a registered user since July 2004, but I've only been editing actively since April this year. I now have a bit more than 2,000 edits, with 1,200 of them on the article namespace (plus lots and lots of speedy tags). I've been active with all sorts of things having to do with Wikipedia maintenance, such as RC patrol, fighting vandalism, welcoming new users and helping them around, and participating on VfD and RfA. Having admin tools at my disposal would make a lot of this much easier. I'm confident that I'm familiar enough with policies and guidelines to become a responsible and useful admin. --ulayiti (talk)  13:01, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Candidate, please indicate acceptance of the nomination here: Well, it's a self-nomination, so obviously I'm going to accept. :) - ulayiti (talk)  13:23, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

Support
 * 1) Support Looks good. Acetic  ' Acid  13:38, September 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Support strongly! Over 200 vandalized pages reverted in the last week alone, not counting numerous nonsense pages speedy-deleted away. This guy is a vandal-fighting machine...imagine what he can do for us with the Rollback and Block buttons enabled! We need more people like Ulayiti. Owen×  ☎  15:49, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) Merovingian (t) (c) 18:05, September 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * 4) Support freestylefrappe 18:16, September 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * 5) Support Rje 19:03, September 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * 6) Support We need more vandal fighters...Amren (talk) 20:21, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * 7) Support Friday (talk) 21:49, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * 8) Support,  R  e  dwolf24  (talk) 23:37, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * 9) Yup. N (t/c) 01:20, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * 10) Support. Seems like an excellent vandal fighter. Andre ( talk ) 02:35, September 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * 11) Support SMOOTH! Ryan Norton T 06:58, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * 12) Support. Evil Monkey∴Hello 09:07, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * 13) Support. — J I P | Talk 09:19, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * 14) Support =Nichalp   «Talk»=  14:09, September 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * 15) --Jusjih 03:50, 3 September 2005 (UTC)
 * 16) BRIAN 0918  • 2005-09-3 04:05
 * 17) Fire Fox T  C 16:00, 3 September 2005 (UTC)
 * 18) Support. Sam Hocevar 17:15, 3 September 2005 (UTC)
 * 19) Support. I trust a mop in his hands.  Bratsche talk 17:26, September 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * 20) Support. Hand this user the rollback tool. Zzyzx11 (Talk) 23:32, 3 September 2005 (UTC)
 * 21) I know him from IBscrewed, so I know he's a good one. Support. Mike H (Talking is hot) 02:06, September 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * 22) Support, and not just because he reverted vandalism on my user page :) the wub  "?/!"  18:07, 4 September 2005 (UTC)
 * 23) Support we need more inclusionist admins. Klonimus 04:30, 5 September 2005 (UTC)
 * 24) Support. Meets my guidelines. Good vandal- and troll-fighter. android  79  17:46, September 5, 2005 (UTC)
 * 25) Support. Excellent contributor. Sjakkalle (Check!)  11:13, 6 September 2005 (UTC)
 * 26) Support  V.   Molotov  [[Image:Flag of California.svg|25px]]  18:19, 6 September 2005 (UTC)
 * 27) Support emphatically. Hall Monitor 20:27, 6 September 2005 (UTC)
 * 28) Support. El_C 23:53, 6 September 2005 (UTC)
 * 29) Support, Derktar 00:07, September 7, 2005 (UTC).

Oppose
 * 1) --Boothy443 | comhrÚ 03:18, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

Neutral

Comments
 * What are the edits in "unknown namespace 100"? N (t/c) 01:20, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * It's the Portal namespace - Kate's tool seems to have problems with that. I've left a note about this at Wikipedia talk:Kate's Tool. - ulayiti (talk)   (my RfA)  01:30, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * There is one opposing vote with no reason here. Is it valid? (I never oppose anyone's candidacy for adminship without a reason at any wiki site.)--Jusjih 03:50, 3 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I see that you have not been a frequent visitor to RFA. Perhaps you should read Requests for comment/Boothy443. In short: that user opposes almost all RfAs to seemingly prove a point that "Admins are evil". Zzyzx11 (Talk) 23:32, 3 September 2005 (UTC)
 * He has a right to do so, though. I mean, of course it would be nice to know specifically why he's opposing, but he's not violating WP:POINT or anything just because he doesn't say it. He says he has high standards for adminship, and he does sometimes support some exceptionally good candidates. And while I disagree with his view that he doesn't need to give a reason for opposing, I perfectly understand him and can accept that. - ulayiti (talk)   (my RfA)  13:20, 5 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I did not visit RFA when I was very busy at Chinese Wikipedia as an administrator there, but I now come here sometimes. Thanks for your replies and explanations so I understand better now.--Jusjih 08:00, 9 September 2005 (UTC)

Questions for the candidate

A few generic questions to provide guidance for voters:
 * 1. What sysop chores, if any, would you anticipate helping with? (Please read the page about administrators and the administrators' reading list.)
 * A. The main reason why I'm nominating myself is that I'd like to be more active in fighting vandalism. I'd find the rollback tool very useful, and the ability to block persistent vandals without having to go to WP:AIV would also be nice. I'd also like to help out with closing VfD debates and deleting speedy candidates. I'm somewhat of an inclusionist (not very extreme though), so you wouldn't have to worry about me deleting anything that could be useful in WP.
 * 2. Of your articles or contributions to Wikipedia, are there any about which you are particularly pleased, and why?
 * A. To me, my most precious contribution is the article I wrote (mostly) on Turku, my hometown in Finland. It's been a FAC, and failed only because nobody turned up to copyedit it (so if anybody sees this and is interested, please do so). :)
 * 3. Have you been in any conflicts over editing in the past or do you feel other users have caused you stress? How have you dealt with it and how will you deal with it in the future?
 * A. Persistent vandalism that I have no means to counter sometimes causes me a bit of stress, but I don't generally tend to be stressed. I recently had something of a conflict with User:Leistung, who accused me of systematically reverting all of his edits (see my talk page). I wasn't aware of doing this, since to my knowledge I was only reverting POV edits on the Adolf Hitler article. I think I was able to satisfactorily resolve the situation. There have been a few other conflicts, and I'm sure there will be more in the future, but I'm not the type to get mad about stuff like this, and I'll be able to resolve anything peacefully.


text:
Talk:Let's Dance (David Bowie album)

Did Nile Rodgers co-write the song Let's Dance?
The article gives Rodgers a co-writing credit for the album's title track. I can find no other sources that support this and my own copies of the album and single show Bowie as sole author. This article also contradicts the article for the song itself. Please can a source be cited to support this claim or else can the article be corrected? Thanks. Note: I have removed the writing credit for now; if the credit can be supported then feel free to put it back in! 194.168.186.198 (talk) 09:03, 26 August 2015 (UTC) Zacabi contribs) 14:40, 25 August 2015 (UTC)

Release Date
Article lists an uncited April release date. But--once again--a check of contemporaneous sources shows that the album was already on the U.S. charts for the week *ending* March 26, 1983. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Alainsane (talk • contribs) 00:23, 12 February 2017 (UTC)

GOCE copyedit request
Hey, some questions like before:

 * Quote box in §Recording: — Tenryuu 🐲  ( 💬 • 📝 ) 18:26, 16 April 2021 (UTC)
 * Hmmm I never actually knew about that. I've been using that template on quite a few articles now. – zmbro (talk) 22:12, 17 April 2021 (UTC)
 * ✅. GA or FA reviewers may have an issue with it, but that's beyond me. This is probably the first or second article I've seen that uses it. — Tenryuu 🐲 ( 💬 • 📝 ) 17:55, 18 April 2021 (UTC)

 * [...] he failed to hire them initially due to the two's past drug use [...] Bowie wanted to hire them but couldn't or refused to hire them because of their drug use? — Tenryuu 🐲 ( 💬 • 📝 ) 18:26, 16 April 2021 (UTC)
 * According to Pegg, this info came from a quote from Rodgers' memoir: "They'd become less punctual during the last few Chic records. Tony and Nard were so unreliable from drugging, and I was afraid they'd be late for a recording session where David was watching every penny like a hawk." Based on this, Rodgers was the one who wanted to hire them but was wary to due their past drug use. – zmbro (talk) 22:12, 17 April 2021 (UTC)
 * ✅. Whoops, I glossed over Rodger being the subject. I've changed the wording a bit but it should be clear that while Rodgers didn't want to hire them at first, he did so in the end. — Tenryuu 🐲 ( 💬 • 📝 ) 17:55, 18 April 2021 (UTC)

 * Due to their arrival time, Thompson and Edwards' contributions were limiting, appearing on only three tracks and one track, "Without You", respectively. I suggest removing the mention of "Without You" here as it's already being talked about in the next sentence. — Tenryuu 🐲 ( 💬 • 📝 ) 18:26, 16 April 2021 (UTC)
 * Valid point. Removed. – zmbro (talk) 22:12, 17 April 2021 (UTC)
 * . — Tenryuu 🐲 ( 💬 • 📝 ) 17:55, 18 April 2021 (UTC)

 * Bowie however felt Vaughan was different, telling him "he's got a whole other thing going on." Double checking, the quoted material is a full sentence? — Tenryuu 🐲 ( 💬 • 📝 ) 18:26, 16 April 2021 (UTC)
 * Just checked and yes it was. Added a comma to specify. – zmbro (talk) 22:27, 17 April 2021 (UTC)
 * . — Tenryuu 🐲 ( 💬 • 📝 ) 17:55, 18 April 2021 (UTC)

 * The opening track, "Modern Love", is an uptempo pop song featuring a call-and-response structure, which was inspired by Little Richard [...] Links and references removed. Did Little Richard inspire the song, or just the call-and-response structure? — Tenryuu 🐲 ( 💬 • 📝 ) 18:26, 16 April 2021 (UTC)
 * Per O'Leary just the call-and-response structure. – zmbro (talk) 22:27, 17 April 2021 (UTC)
 * ✅. Simplified it a little. — Tenryuu 🐲 ( 💬 • 📝 ) 17:55, 18 April 2021 (UTC)

 * [...] his dismissal was attributed to his alcohol and drug use, his request that his band Double Trouble be the supporting act being denied by Bowie, and Vaughan was supposedly "furious" that Bowie mimed to his guitar solo in the "Let's Dance" music video. Already edited. I'm planning to edit the last point so that it fits the same as the first two. Did Vaughn ever make it public that he hated Bowie miming his guitar solo? I think it'd be better if there was something concrete that is attributed to his dismissal rather than being supposedly "furious". — Tenryuu 🐲 ( 💬 • 📝 ) 18:26, 16 April 2021 (UTC)
 * According to Pegg, Vaughan told Double Trouble's bassist that he was "furious" over the music video thing but none of Bowie's biographers seem to specify whether or not Vaughan went public with the info. I also don't own any of Vaughan's biographies so I can't verify if he actually did. There was apparently lots of things that went down. Buckley and Pegg discuss Vaughan's drug use, payment disputes, and the "Let's Dance" video as being reasons for Vaughan's firing. Bowie and his entourage have appear to tell different stories compared to Vaughan so I've tried to interpret what they have said the best I can. – zmbro (talk) 22:27, 17 April 2021 (UTC)
 * ✅. It could be worth mentioning that there are conflicting accounts, but that's more of a GAC/FAC thing. — Tenryuu 🐲 ( 💬 • 📝 ) 17:55, 18 April 2021 (UTC)

 * [...] which documented two shows performed on 11 and 12 September 1983 in Vancouver. Only mentioned once, but I think this is supposed to be Vancouver, Canada? Wikilink might be preferred. — Tenryuu 🐲 ( 💬 • 📝 ) 18:26, 16 April 2021 (UTC)
 * Pegg doesn't specify but I assumed Canada yes (The Serious Moonlight Tour page says Canada so that helps). – zmbro (talk) 22:27, 17 April 2021 (UTC)
 * ✅. Wikilinked. The Canadian city is definitely more popular than its American counterpart, but you never know. — Tenryuu 🐲  ( 💬 • 📝 ) 17:55, 18 April 2021 (UTC)

 * One reviewer called it "Bowie at his best". — Tenryuu 🐲  ( 💬 • 📝 ) 18:26, 16 April 2021 (UTC)
 * Done. Believe it was written that way before I started expanding initially. – zmbro (talk) 22:27, 17 April 2021 (UTC)
 * . — Tenryuu 🐲 ( 💬 • 📝 ) 17:55, 18 April 2021 (UTC)

 * Closer to December, Visconti called [Bowie's personal assistant] Coco, who said: Editorial marks in original. They're outside of any quoted material here; was it added by accident? — Tenryuu 🐲 ( 💬 • 📝 ) 18:26, 16 April 2021 (UTC)
 * Please forgive me but what do you mean by editorial marks exactly? :\ – zmbro (talk) 22:12, 17 April 2021 (UTC)
 * I'm referring to the square brackets around Bowie's personal assistant]. Normally they'd go in quotes when quoted material is changed (usually for tense reasons) or additional text is added into the quote that wasn't there (usually for clarification). The reason why I'm asking is because they've been placed outside of quotation marks, so you could just do Visconti called Bowie's personal assistant, Coco, who said [...] without the square brackets. — Tenryuu 🐲 ( 💬 • 📝 ) 17:55, 18 April 2021 (UTC)
 * Ohhh I see what you mean now. Fixed! – zmbro (talk) 01:07, 19 April 2021 (UTC)
 * . — Tenryuu 🐲 ( 💬 • 📝 ) 03:01, 19 April 2021 (UTC)

Looking forward to your answers. — Tenryuu 🐲 ( 💬 • 📝 ) 18:26, 16 April 2021 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the ce! Replies are above. :-) – zmbro (talk) 22:27, 17 April 2021 (UTC)
 * Alright, everything looks good, and I've replied to the last remaining question. — Tenryuu 🐲 ( 💬 • 📝 ) 17:55, 18 April 2021 (UTC)
 * Done. Thanks again! – zmbro (talk) 01:08, 19 April 2021 (UTC)
 * If there's nothing else, I'll consider the request complete. — Tenryuu 🐲  ( 💬 • 📝 ) 03:07, 19 April 2021 (UTC)

Recording date confirmation
Hey might you have any magazines or other sources from the time period laying around that could possibly confirm when this album was actually recorded? I know it's either December 82 or January 83 and in my quest for expanding the title track page, the info O'Leary cites basically counters this page. If you might have anything that could give more insight I'd greatly appreciate it. Thanks! – zmbro (talk) (cont) 21:53, 13 December 2022 (UTC)
 * let me see what I have. Might take a few days, but I have plenty of old articles and magazines, maybe something can shed some light on that! 87Fan (talk) 21:31, 14 December 2022 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the help. I also just ordered Kevin Cann's Chronology book published in 1984 so fingers crossed that helps. If not back to Amazon... – zmbro (talk) (cont) 15:42, 15 December 2022 (UTC)
 * so I can't find a lot of definitive info in the old magazines. RS was useless. The May 1983 issue of Musician has Bowie saying that he met Nile Rogers "a few months ago in a club in New York, just after I'd come back from doing the Merry Christmas, Mr. Lawrence movie". That's as close as I got to a timeframe. But there's no production date on Wikipedia. IMDB claims it was around August 1982 but it's unsourced. There's the quote that recording for Let's Dance took 3 weeks - but I think that either December 1982 or January 1983 are reasonable. I'll keep digging, but that's all I've found so far. 87Fan (talk) 02:44, 29 December 2022 (UTC) EDIT: RS had one bit of timing: Bowie states that in February (1983), he met with David Mallet in Switzerland to storyboard the videos for "Let's Dance" and "China Girl".
 * More info: The book In other words (edited by Kerry Juby) has this bit: "By the end of the year (1982), Bowie had begun recording a new album in New York and it wasn't long before he was to sign a five year contract with EMI America, and release the Let's Dance album." Jerry Hopkins' biography Bowie says that on January 27 1983, he turned over the master tapes for LD to EMI after signing & announcing the new contract. So it's evident that recording started in December 1982, but hadn't finished it until January, in time to sign the contract and hand over the master tapes at the end of that month. 87Fan (talk) 03:08, 29 December 2022 (UTC)
 * Hey . Thanks for the info. Kevin Cann's Chronology book just arrived today and he says recording began in "early December 1982", which fits Buckley's description so I think we're gonna go with that. I'd be interested to hear where O'Leary got his info, as even on Pushing ahead of the dame he lists December 1982 but then in Ashes to Ashes all of a sudden it's January '83. So weird. But given we now have multiple things that say Dec '82 we are just gonna go with that. Thanks again for the help! – zmbro (talk) (cont) 03:36, 29 December 2022 (UTC)

Use of the term 'Aborigine'
In the first paragraph under the heading "Release" there is multiple uses of the word 'Aborigine'. The use of the term 'Aborigine' is offensive. Consider "Australian Aboriginal" as a suitable replacement, or re-write references accordingly to better account for Australia's First Nations communities. For more information, refer to the Australian Government Style Manual: https://www.stylemanual.gov.au/accessible-and-inclusive-content/inclusive-language/aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-peoples OR this Amnesty International article: https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/campaigns/2015/08/why-saying-aborigine-isnt-ok-8-facts-about-indigenous-people-in-australia/#:~:text='Aborigine'%20is%20generally%20perceived%20as,or%20'Torres%20Strait%20Islander' 2001:8003:1C38:1D00:4D42:6827:1104:9968 (talk) 11:29, 13 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Adjusted. – zmbro (talk) (cont) 13:47, 13 January 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Let's Dance (David Bowie album)


text:
Dale Smith (writer)

Paul Dale Smith (born November 1976) is a writer and playwright from Leicester, England but currently living and working in Greater Manchester. He writes under the name Dale Smith, and has had previous works published and performed under the names Paul Smith and Paul D. Smith.

He is most well known for work on various Doctor Who spin-offs.

Biography
Smith was born in Leicester in 1976, and has been writing since the age of 8. In his youth, he worked as a youth worker at his school, receiving training on various aspects of the job including child abuse awareness. Early in his career, he wrote stage plays but has recently turned to writing prose as "it's still almost impossible to get anything actually produced".

He has stated that his ambition is to "be Ian Rankin, lock stock and house in Edinburgh. But I'll settle for just being able to keep writing and keep getting stuff seen by people". In his spare time he draws and creates digital pictures, and also plays the guitar.

Career
Smith's first published work was a poem published in the Leicester Mercury about Native Americans. He was still a pupil at junior school at the time. By the time he had moved to secondary school, he had had several fan fiction short stories published in Cosmic Masque, the fiction magazine of the Doctor Who Appreciation Society and this encouraged him to submit two short stories to Marvel UK's Doctor Who Magazine. These were published in the Brief Encounters section, some of the last stories published before the feature was discontinued.

Whilst writing short stories, Smith was also studying at Soar Valley Community College, Leicester, where he developed a keen interest in the theatre. He joined Jez Simons' Haithi Productions youth theatre group where he appeared in Simons' and Joyti Patel's The Fire Dragon at the Phoenix Arts Centre alongside future ER cast member Parminder Nagra. He entered the Independent Radio Drama Productions (IRDP) Young Radio Playwright Competition 1994 with the play Hello?, after re-writing the ending at Simons' suggestion. He won the competition, and the radio play was broadcast on LBC and performed at the Cambridge Theatre, before transferring to the Old Red Lion Theatre for a four-week run.

Following the success of Hello? (with reviews calling the play "35 minutes of tense drama" and "frighteningly direct . . . it will haunt you for a long time afterwards." ) IRDP produced another of Smith's plays. The Kissing Game enjoyed a four-week run at the Tristan Bates Actors Centre, and following a relocation to Manchester to read drama at Manchester University, Smith continued to have work produced: he was runner up in the 1997 Manchester Student Playwriting Competition before winning outright in 1998 with the play A Night on the Tiles. This was followed by a play set in and around Northampton during the Battle of Naseby.

Whilst the BBC considered Heritage for their Past Doctor Adventures range, Smith continued to write short Doctor Who stories, and during 2001 he had stories published in three major charity anthologies: Missing Pieces, The Cat Who Walked Through Time and Walking in Eternity. Smith has acknowledged the role these stories played in his successful commission, saying, "It can't be coincidence that the month that I was contacted about my proposal was also the month it was announced I had stories in the three biggest charity anthologies of the year, can it?"

After graduating from university, Smith worked part-time at Manchester University's John Rylands University Library, where he met his future wife. He returned to writing Doctor Who with the novella The Albino's Dancer, published as part of the Telos Time Hunter range, which was followed in turn by short stories for Big Finish Productions' Short Trips and Bernice Summerfield ranges.

Smith wrote a paper in the academic textbook Time and Relative Dissertations in Space edited by David Butler and the novel The Many Hands for the BBC's New Series Adventures range.

Most recently he contributed a short story to the Obverse Books' collection, Wildthyme in Purple and edited the collection The Perennial Miss Wildthyme, for which he also contributed a short story.

Plays

 * Hello? (1994), IRDP — radio play broadcast on LBC
 * Hello? (1994), IRDP — stage play performed at the Old Red Lion Theatre
 * The Kissing Game (1996), IRDP — stage play performed at the Tristan Bates Theatre
 * A Night on the Tiles (1998), K486 — stage play performed at C venues
 * Skin Deep (1998), Royal Exchange Theatre, Manchester — section of full work performed in the Royal Exchange Studio
 * The Lunatic (1999), Channel 12 — stage play performed at C Venues
 * A Northamptonshire Tale (2000), Royal Theatre Northampton — stage play performed around Northampton

Prose

 * Heritage (2003), ISBN 0-563-53864-3, BBC Books
 * The Albino's Dancer (2006), ISBN 1-84583-100-4, Telos Publishing Ltd.
 * The Many Hands (2008), ISBN 1-84607-422-3, BBC Books
 * Spinning Jenny (2017), ISBN 978-1909031487, Obverse Books

Short stories
Brief Encounters
 * Front Line (1993), Doctor Who Magazine. Editor — Gary Russell
 * The Gallery (1994), Doctor Who Magazine. Editor — Gary Russell

Big Finish Productions
 * Pluto in Short Trips: The Solar System (2005), ISBN 1-84435-148-3, Big Finish Productions. Editor — Gary Russell
 * Mother's Ruin in Collected Works (2006), ISBN 1-84435-241-2, Big Finish Productions. Editor — Nick Wallace
 * Driftwood in Short Trips: Transmissions (2008), Big Finish Productions. Editor — Richard Salter

Obverse Books
 * The Fag Hag from Hell in The Panda Book of Horror (2009), Obverse Books. Editors — Paul Magrs and Stuart Douglas
 * The Bronze Door in Wildthyme in Purple (2011), Obverse Books. Editors — Stuart Douglas and Cody Quijano-Schell
 * About a Girl in Tales of the City (2012), Obverse Books. Editor — Philip Purser-Hallard

title: Dale Smith (writer)


text:
Talk:Victoriana

[Untitled]
I imagine that the science fiction reference comes from HG Wells and possibly others, who wrote science fiction during the Victorian era. The Time Machine was published in 1895, so the machine would have been steam driven to some extent. Stamford spiney 13:03, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

Not necessarily - both the internal combustion engine and the electric motor were in use in Victorian times. 156.34.52.227 (talk) 19:28, 10 January 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Victoriana


text:
Aubusson

Aubusson is the name or part of the name of several communes in France:

 * Aubusson, Creuse, in the Creuse département, well known for the manufacture of Aubusson tapestry and carpets
 * Aubusson, Orne, in the Orne département
 * Aubusson-d'Auvergne, in the Puy-de-Dôme département

title: Aubusson


text:
Collis P. Huntington High School

Collis P. Huntington High School, commonly referred to as just Huntington High School (opened in 1927) was a black high school located in the East End section of Newport News, Virginia, US, during the era of racial segregation. After desegregation, it became an integrated intermediate school (eighth and ninth grades), and in 1981 was converted to a middle school (sixth through eighth grades). The school was named after the shipping and railroad pioneer, Collis P. Huntington, who founded the local shipyards, the Newport News Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Company, at one time the largest shipbuilding concern in the world.

Lutrelle Palmer, the principal of Huntington High, also a strong NAACP advocate, whose own wages were supplemented by voluntary parental contributions, in November 1937 chastised his daughter for accepting a job in Newport News that paid her a third less per month than a beginning white teacher earned. This led to a unanimous vote by the Virginia State Teachers Association to file equal-pay lawsuits in partnership with the NAACP. This move paved the way to a statewide campaign attacking the legal basis for school segregation. Palmer was sacked from the school in 1943 for his activism.

Huntington's football team, coached by Thad Madden from 1943 through 1971, had 28 straight winning seasons, compiling a 251-114-16 record. Madden's Huntington teams won sixteen Virginia Interscholastic Association eastern District titles and seven VIA state championships. Huntington track and field squads, also under Madden, won 19 VIA state championships and were declared seven times runners-up after the VIA integrated with the Virginia High School League.

Notable alumni

 * Joe Durham, Former MLB player (Baltimore Orioles. St. Louis Cardinals)
 * Former U.S. Energy Secretary, Hazel R. O'Leary (1937-)
 * Thaddeus E. Hayes, founder of Thaddeus Hayes Dance Theatre (ca. 1928-April 26, 2000)

title: Collis P. Huntington High School


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Samuel Krafsur

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was KEEP. dbenbenn | talk 18:12, 9 September 2005 (UTC)

Samuel_Krafsur
Page contains inaccuracies and is written in a pejorative manner. Does not meet criteria for a meaningful biography Ed6061 13:05, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * A candidate for Cleanup, not for VfD. Keep. Pilatus 13:10, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Contains inaccurate information, written in a pejorative tone, does not meet standard of significance for biography. Misinformation is potentially harmful to relatives. Ed6061 13:14, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. This entry is inaccurate and does not apply a neutral point of view.  It also does not meet the standard for biography as being a significant or famous individual.Lauralh8 13:29, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and move to cleanup. Laura and Ed, the fact that something is written you may claim something is written in a pejorative style does not automatically qualify it for deletion; it qualifies it to be re-written in a neutral style (unless it's an "attack page", an article which has the sole  goal of denigrating its subject, which this patently isn't. See WP:NPOV, WP:DEL, lend a hand and  . (And crying out for it to be deletied it isn't fixing it). Tonywalton [[Image:Pentacle_1.svg|15px]] | Talk 14:04, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep I hardly think that the tone of the article is POV but if someone has a problem with some of the wording they can try changing it. I think it is very interesting. All the information in the article is available in other sources. The two newbies claim there is factual error but make no attempt to justify their remarks. Dwain 14:28, September 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and cleanup esp. POV DV8 2XL 14:34, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * You would feel very different if a member if your family had been persecuted during the Red Scare. You'd feel very different if your future could be threatened by these mis-statements.  You'd feel very different if someone anonymously slandered your family.  Removing the innaccuracies and tone results in a page that clearly does not meet the standard set forth in Biography  This should be removed.   By the way, I can't help being a newbie.  Sight sources you ask?  I knew the man!  Elliot Krafsur who wrote a refutation in the talk session is S.S. Krafsur's son!  Primary sources beat the secondary sources every time Ed6061 14:38, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Actually no they don't, in the context of WP. Don't include copies of primary sources and perhaps more importantly the section at WP:V Tonywalton [[Image:Pentacle_1.svg|15px]] | Talk 17:20, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I can't speak for everyone, but I certainly don't blame family members for things done by someone else (someone who's now dead, in fact). So Ellitot Krafsur bears no responsibility for Samuel Krafsur's actions, morally (and certainly not legally). However, trying to white-wash history is a separate and distinct act, one which may merit condemnation. Noel (talk) 14:59, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * weak delete ignoring the factual and POV issues... Is this guy notable? Or was he just one name in a notable organization?Roodog2k 14:47, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * He worked for a few years as a journalist for TASS, the Russian news agency. Hardly surprising that the KGB was interested in him.  This does not make him a spy as the author anonymously claims. Ed6061 14:51, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Krafsur was never convicted nor charged with espionage. The biographer is clearly on a mission. Here he applies highly severe judgment based on a few interpretatively disputatious intercepts. He ignores the legitimacy of being a TASS employee in wartime when the USSR was an ally. He persists in anonymity. His subject has been dead for twenty two years. The biography will cause further harm to the Krafsur name simply by association, as has indeed happened.Ekrafsur 15:07, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment User:Ed6061 seems under the mistaken impression that the article was anonymously-authored. I've pointed him in the direction of the edit history on the article's talk page. Tonywalton [[Image:Pentacle_1.svg|15px]] | Talk 16:44, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment the term of art would be "pseudonymously authored." Sdedeo 18:05, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and add full citations. nobs 17:04, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Weird, we're seeing more of these kinds of complaints on wikipedia these days. But there are bound to be NPOV issues with this: should a guy whose sourced contact with the Soviet Union lasts just as long as we were allies be termed a "Soviet Agent"? Sdedeo 18:05, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. I have tried to do a little NPOVing of the article, but it needs more work. Sdedeo 19:40, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The NSA Archives refer to Samuel Krafsur as "KGB Agent Samuel Krafsur", . nobs 20:00, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks. Have updated the article. I feel very uncomfortable about the whole thing, though. Sdedeo 20:18, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Incorrect. A URL refers to Samuel Krafsur as "KGB Agent" but the referenced document only suggests that he might be a source for other contacts. Furthermore the only issue at dispute is whether Krafsur was a "spy".  The idea of his being an actual "KGB Agent" is totally farfetched.  It seems likely that the URL heading is in fact a mistake, unless of course someone can point to a specific document that show otherwise. Jdivine 06:44, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The URL you refer to starts with "http://www.nsa.gov/venona/" in other words, the web page at that URL (i.e. not the image of the old message, but the HTML file listing all those images) is a US Government document, one associated with the NSA archives, which does indeed refer to "KGB Agent Samuel Krafsur". It might be incorrect, but it is a fact that a formal US government document refers to him that way, and it's entirely appropriate to include that fact in an article about him. Noel (talk) 14:50, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I do not agree that an HTML index page, in all probability assembled by an intern, would be categorized as a "formal US government document". Based on your user bio I'd concede that you are the better judge for what standard is appropriate for Wikipedia -- but that doesn't mean I buy your argument. Jdivine 03:47, 5 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, it certainly is a US government document, even if you're going to quibble about the word "formal". It's certainly not the work of a private individual. Noel (talk) 17:29, 9 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and Clean up - It's Wiki-worthy enough... UniReb 21:23, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Please note: the article was also listed here Speedy_deletions. nobs 21:29, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and CleanUpNeeds some cleaning and it looks notable and SOCKPUPPETS keep Voting Delete Which is Rare as they normally vote for keep a page not delete. I CANT stand SockPuppets--Aranda56 01:27, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Notable and verifiable. Capitalistroadster 02:42, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. The article as written is indeed pejorative.  For crying out loud, under Extenal Links we have "Spying on America."  The Venona documents listed do discuss IDE but make no indication that the information gathered from him was covertly obtained.  Indeed, as a journalist he would likely run across interesting tidbits of information from time to time.  And as an employee of the TASS news agency Krafsur would have undoubtedly spoken from time to time with various Soviet government functionaries, some of whom were likely covert KGB.  This does not make him a "spy."  And frankly, if you caveat and footnote this article enough to make it "fair," it becomes clear that Krafsur is not a figure with enough historical importance to warrant his own biography.  Also I note in the talk page for this topic and in their biographies that Nobs and Dwain appear to be on a bizarre quest to rehabilitate the image of Joe McCarthy.  This would tend to lend a slant to their "POV" on topics such as these. Jdivine 07:36, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * If he was just "a journalist", why does an intelligence officer of the NKGB say (in the message of 17 May 1944) "we propose to use him", when he was already a TASS employee at that point? (And the term "spy" is imprecise, and one not used by those knowledgeable in this field.) Noel (talk) 14:35, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * All terms are imprecise. I'm not knowledgable in the field, but perhaps you are.  Could you suggest a better term and replace the phrase "Spying on America" with something more appropriate? Jdivine 04:03, 5 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The page referenced reads "... we propose to use an employee of the Editorial Office ... for cultivating newspapermen's circles ..." This "cultivation" seems something a mere journalist or an employee of the TASS news agency would not normally be "used" for.  The statement is somewhat ambigous, but seems to be a suggestion that names of potential "sources" might be gleaned from this man. Jdivine 04:03, 5 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Decrypt # 1433, 1435, first sentence reads "SERGEJ has brought in IDE but is not able to direct his work systemactically". What does "brough in" mean?  It is a reference to "signing on KONTRAKTATsIYa" (contracts) as in # 705.  There is plenty more from this batch of decrypts which can be shown conclusivley that Krafsur did more that talent spot & recruit, he was a purveyor of high level information without whom "we are completely powerless" . nobs 04:24, 5 September 2005 (UTC)
 *  Borderline keep Keep. He's a pretty minor figure, and his work for Soviet intelligence appears to have been of fairly minor import, so I'm not sure he really rises to the level of notability required. Still, we seem to have articles on less notable people (all sorts of minor sports figures, etc), so it's not clear to me we should get rid of this page. Noel (talk) 14:35, 2 September 2005 (UTC) Now that Nobs has reminded me of the connection with I. F. Stone, that ups Krafsur into someone on whom we need to have an article. Noel (talk) 17:18, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, nn. Google results for Simon Samuel Krafsur come up blank; one unrelated hit for Simon Krafsur; 44 hits for Samuel Krafsur, but almost all of them appear to be Wikipedia and Wikipeda-derived results. While Google hits are not a perfect indicator of notability, Wikipedia shouldn't be the first place a story appears on the web; that would seem to be the case here. If he really is notable, he'll eventually be mentioned elsewhere and can be listed here then. Aquillion 23:53, 3 September 2005 (UTC)
 * He is listed in many books. The internet is not a substitute for books and archives there are many people who are or were important that are not well sourced on the internet. Dwain 02:09, September 4, 2005 (UTC) Yahoo has even more hits than Google.
 * While I agree that visibility to Google can vary from subject to subject and should not be used in borderline cases, a subject with no google hits at all (or, as in this case, only hits from Wikipedia and Wikipedia mirrors) is simply not notable. The extra Yahoo hits you referred to, note, seem to be because Yahoo is poorer at recognizing Wikipedia mirrors; flipping quickly through them, it seems that everything there is just the same few Wikipedia pages repeated over and over from different mirrors. That is a bad thing; when the Google search results on a subject turn up nothing but Wikipedia entries, it's a safe bet that someone is trying to use Wikipedia to push a non-notable subject into notability. That's not what Wikipedia is for. Aquillion 00:32, 5 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Krafsur is a direct pipleine into the White House; see discussion at Talk:Samuel_Krafsur, and other notable comments regarding his value to KGB on that Talk page. nobs 02:37, 5 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't doubt the value of your research into the Venona decrypts; but I'm still not comfortable with the idea of using Wikipedia for information that has not yet become generally accepted. I think it would be better if you published your conclusions with regard to his importance elsewhere first, outside of an encyclopedia; if he's as important as you concluded in those links, it will not take long for your conclusions to become widely-known enough to use as the basis for a Wikipedia article on him. Aquillion 04:40, 5 September 2005 (UTC)
 * But it's not the research of people here who brought him to public attention; his name originally came up in books by specialists in this area. (E.g. he's in the ComIntern archives book too, as well as the Venona books by West and Klehr/whatshisname). The work by people here is more in the nature of verifying the statements in those books. Noel (talk) 17:25, 9 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep. --TJive 04:58, September 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * COMMENT Users: Ed6061, Lauralh8, Ekrafsur, and Jdivine could all be the same person. All their edits it appears have to do with Samuel Krafsur. They all suggest that the article is biased against him and they all give the same message. They give off the appearance of sockpuppets and ostensibly are even if they are a couple of people from the same family. Dwain 18:01, September 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * COMMENT by E.S.Krafsur 9/8/05: To address 'Dwain's' suggestion that those who have voted 'delete' are the same person, I can testify that they are not because one is my son, Edwin (ed6061); he and I have signed off with our given names or initials. We don't write anonymously.
 * Keep. TDC 01:28, September 8, 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Sven Lindqvist

Sven Oskar Lindqvist (28 March 1932 – 14 May 2019) was a prolific Swedish author whose 35 books range from essays, aphorisms, autobiography, and documentary prose to travel and reportage. He was educated at Stockholm University, and spent a year as a cultural attaché in Beijing, but spent most of his life as a writer, known for his persistence and independence. In the 1970s he established the public history movement Dig Where You Stand. From the late 1980s he focused on European imperialism, colonialism, racism, genocide, environmental degradation, and war. Among his best-known and most widely admired works are his 1996 discussion of racism, Exterminate All the Brutes, based on a phrase in Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness, and his 2001 A History of Bombing, an intentionally fractured narrative written in 399 short chapters.

The newspaper Svenska Dagbladet described Lindqvist as one of the most important authors in modern Swedish literature. He won many of Sweden's most prestigious literary and journalistic awards.

Early life
Sven Lindqvist was born in Stockholm on 28 March 1932. He was awarded a PhD in the history of literature by Stockholm University—his thesis, in 1966, was on the Swedish poet Vilhelm Ekelund—and an honorary doctorate from Uppsala University. From 1960, he spent two years working as cultural attaché at the Swedish embassy in Beijing, China.

Career
Lindqvist wrote some 35 books of essays, aphorisms, autobiography, documentary prose, travel and reportage. His works have been translated into English, Danish, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Korean, Portuguese, and Spanish among other languages. He also occasionally published articles in the Swedish press, and wrote for the cultural supplement of the largest Swedish daily, Dagens Nyheter, since 1950. Lindqvist's books Exterminate all the Brutes and A Lover's Diary were included in Jan Gradvall's 2009 Tusen svenska klassiker ("A Thousand Swedish Classics").

Lindqvist's work was mostly non-fiction, including (and often transcending) several genres: essay, documentary prose, travel writing and reportage. He was known for his works on developing nations in Africa and the Saharan countries, China, India, Latin America and Australia. In the 1960s, partly inspired by the works of Hermann Hesse, Lindqvist spent two years in China. He became fascinated by the legend of the Tang dynasty painter, Wu Tao Tzu, who, when standing looking at a mural of a temple he had just completed, "suddenly clapped his hands and the temple gate opened. He went into his work and the gates closed behind him." In the 1970s he established the Dig Where You Stand movement in Sweden, which was influential in Germany and elsewhere in promoting public history from the workers' perspective.

His later works, from the late 1980s, tended to focus on the subjects of European imperialism, colonialism, racism, genocide, degradation of the natural environment, and war, analysing the place of these phenomena in Western thought, social history and ideology.

The Swedish national newspaper Svenska Dagbladet described him as one of the most important authors in modern Swedish literature. When he was given the 2012 Lenin Award, he was praised for having "explored life and the world" for over 50 years "in a uniquely persistent and indomitably independent way ... based on a solid foundation of seriousness and knowledge, and with constantly renewed curiosity. He has dug where he has been standing in Swedish class injustices and uncovered the horrendous evil of colonialism deeper, broader and with more originality than any other Swedish writer."

Personal life
From 1956 he was married to the sinologist Cecilia Lindqvist (née Norman), with whom he had two children. They divorced in 1986, and he then married the economist Agneta Stark. He lived in the Södermalm area of central Stockholm, where he died on 14 May 2019, at the age of 87.

Terra Nullius
Among Lindqvist's best-known works is his 2007 book Terra Nullius (Latin for "Empty Land"), about the impact of white settlers on the Australian landscape and its aboriginal population, combined with "often glorious" travel writing. Among the shocks to people and landscape are the above-ground nuclear weapon tests conducted in Australia from 1953 to 1963, leaving some 20 kilograms of plutonium dust spread over hundreds of miles of the land near Maralinga. Lindqvist remarks that the land will remain radioactive for at least 280,000 years, and notes that the weapons thus tested could "on a single order" turn the whole world into a Terra Nullius.

Exterminate all the Brutes

Lindqvist's favourite among his books was his 1996 Exterminate all the Brutes, first published in Swedish in 1992 as . Its title is taken from a phrase uttered by the murderous racist imperialist Mr Kurtz in Joseph Conrad's 1899 novella Heart of Darkness. As a boy, Lindqvist had seen a photograph of the emaciated corpses at Buchenwald concentration camp. He stated that the image of Nazi atrocity and the novella came together in his mind, and in Exterminate all the Brutes he argues that Hitler grew up in a time when the whole of the Western world was "soaked in the conviction" that imperialism was a biological necessity that inevitably destroyed "the lower races". Lindqvist argued controversially that this attitude had already killed millions in genocides before Hitler's application of the principle to white people, and noted that his book had resulted in academic study of the "effect of colonial atrocities on Nazi crimes".

A History of Bombing
The book most admired by critics in English was his 2001 A History of Bombing (first published in Swedish in 1999 under the title Nu dog du, meaning "[Bang bang] you're dead"). The book focused upon the history of strategic bombing, and was written in a "fractured structure" with 399 short chapters. Lindqvist described the book's structure as "a labyrinth with twenty-two entrances and no exit", which was intended to reflect the chaos caused by strategic bombing. Each section is numbered; many sections end with an arrow pointing to another number, sometimes far ahead in the book, sometimes back, forming a hypertext-like network. The book argued that the "evils Europeans perpetrated in their colonies prefigured the violence they would commit against each other at home", including citing instances of strategic bombing in European colonies acting as a predecessor for similar tactics during the Second World War.

Awards and distinctions

 * 1967 Svenska Dagbladets litteraturpris
 * 1969 Doblougska priset
 * 1969 Stora Journalistpriset
 * 1973 Litteraturfrämjandets stora pris
 * 1993 Aniara-priset
 * 1999 Lotten von Kraemers pris
 * 2000 Kellgrenpriset
 * 2008 Svenska Akademiens essäpris
 * 2011 Ivar Lo-priset
 * 2012 The Lenin Award (lifetime award by Jan Myrdal's Society)

In English

 * China in Crisis (Kina inifrån, with Cecilia Lindqvist, 1963)
 * The Myth of Wu Tao-tzu (1967; reprinted 2012)
 * The shadow: Latin America faces the seventies (Slagskuggan : Latinamerika inför 70-talet, 1969)
 * Land and Power in South America (Jord och makt i Sydamerika, 1973–1974, 2 vol.)
 * Bench Press (Bänkpress, 1988)
 * Desert Divers (Ökendykarna 1990)
 * Exterminate All the Brutes (, 1992)
 * The Skull Measurer's Mistake: And Other Portraits of Men and Women Who Spoke Out Against Racism (Antirasister: människor och argument i kampen mot rasismen 1750-1900, 1996)
 * A History of Bombing (Nu dog du: bombernas århundrade, 1999)
 * Terra Nullius (2005; 2007)

In Swedish (not translated to English)

 * Ett förslag (A proposal, 1955)
 * Handbok (Handbook, 1957)
 * Reklamen är livsfarlig (Advertising is deadly dangerous, 1957)
 * Hemmaresan (Journey home, 1959)
 * Praktika (1962)

 * Asiatisk erfarenhet (Asiatic experience, 1964)
 * Dagbok och diktverk (1966)

 * Självklara saker (Self-evident things, 1970)

 * Jordens gryning - Jord och makt i Sydamerika del II (1974)
 * Arbetsbyte (1976)
 * Lägenheter på verkstadsgolvet (1977)
 * Gräv där du står (1978)
 * Hamiltons slutsats (1980)
 * Kina nu (1980) (with Cecilia Lindqvist)
 * En älskares dagbok (A lover's diary, 1981)
 * En gift mans dagbok (A married man's diary, 1982)
 * En underjordisk stjärnhimmel (1984)
 * Elefantens fot (The elephant's foot, 1985)

 * Av nyfikenhet öppnade jag dörren i muren (1991)
 * Livstidsmänniskan (1992)

 * Arbete & kärlek (Work and Love, 1995)

 * Framtidslandet (2000)

 * Fadern, sonen och den heliga motorcykeln (Father, Son, and the Holy Motorcycle, 2006)
 * Avsikt att förinta (2008)

title: Sven Lindqvist


text:
Category:Sheffield United F.C. players

This is a category for Sheffield United players past and present. See also List of Sheffield United F.C. players for more details on those players who have made 100 or more competitive appearances for the club.

title: Category:Sheffield United F.C. players


text:
North Shore United AFC

North Shore United Association Football Club is an amateur football club based in the North Shore, Auckland. They compete in the NRFL Championship, after being relegated in 2022.

Their home ground is Allen Hill Stadium, which is located in the suburb of Devonport.

History
The club was founded in 1886, making it the oldest football club in New Zealand and Oceania. North Shore United was originally formed as North Shore in 1886 and in 1933 amalgamated with Belmont, taking the present name.

As the result of a sponsorship deal with camera distributor Hanimex, the team was known from 1979 to 1985 as Hanimex United or, unofficially, as Hanimex North Shore United.

Achievements
North Shore United is one of New Zealand's oldest and most successful football clubs. In addition to numerous provincial and regional titles, North Shore United won the National Soccer League in 1977, the New Zealand Superclub League in 1994 and finished as the runner-up three times (1975, 1982, 1983). They also came runner-up in the Lotto Sport Italia NRFL Division 2 (2012), promoting them to the Lotto Sport Italia NRFL Division 1 the following season. The club was promoted to the NRFL Premier in 2018 as runners-up.

North Shore United also has a proud Chatham Cup record, having won the competition on six occasions in 1952 (shared), 1960, 1963, 1967, 1979, and 1986. They also finished as the runner-up six times in 1926 (as North Shore), 1959, 1961, 1973, 1985, and 1995. North Shore United reached the semi-finals of the 2021 competition, but decided to withdraw due to the risks posed by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Players
Many prominent members of the New Zealand national football team have also played for North Shore United. These players include Jason Batty, Duncan Cole, Adrian Elrick, Mark Elrick, Robert Ironside, Darren McClennan, Ian Ormond, Heremaia Ngata, Wynton Rufer, and Keith Hobbs.

Honours

 * New Zealand National Soccer League (Level 1)
 * Champions (2): 1977, 1994
 * Runners-up: 1975, 1982, 1983
 * Northern League (Level 2)
 * Champions (3): 1973, 2001, 2019
 * Runners-up: 1971
 * Auckland provincial championship
 * Champions (14): 1902, 1906, 1916, 1918, 1919, 1922, 1923, 1938, 1947, 1954, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1963
 * Chatham Cup
 * Champions (6): 1952 (shared), 1960, 1963, 1967, 1979, 1986
 * Runners-up: 1926, 1959, 1961, 1973, 1975, 1995
 * Club of Pioneers member as of 2017

title: North Shore United AFC


text:
Edgecliff

Edgecliff may refer to:

United States

 * Edgecliff (Cincinnati, Ohio), historic building
 * Edgecliff (Southwest Harbor, Maine), historic building
 * Edgecliff (Winnetka, Illinois), historic building
 * Edgecliff College, defunct women's private catholic college
 * Edgecliff Village, Texas

Australia

 * Edgecliff, New South Wales
 * Edgecliff railway station

title: Edgecliff


text:
Chromatic harmonica

The chromatic harmonica is a type of harmonica that uses a button-activated sliding bar to redirect air from the hole in the mouthpiece to the selected reed-plate desired. When the button is not pressed, an altered diatonic major scale of the key of the harmonica is available, while depressing the button accesses the same scale a semitone higher in each hole. Thus, the instrument is capable of playing the 12 notes of the Western chromatic scale. The chromatic harmonica can thus be contrasted with a standard harmonica, which can play only the notes in a given musical key.

Famously accomplished chromatic harmonica players include classical players Larry Adler, Tommy Reilly, Antonio Serrano, Sigmund Groven, and Willi Burger, jazz players Toots Thielemans, Mathias Heise, Gregoire Maret, Yvonnick Prene, Hendrik Meurkens, and William Galison, and popular musicians Norton Buffalo and Stevie Wonder.

Chromatic harmonicas are usually 12, 14 or 16 holes long. The 12-hole chromatic is available in 12 keys, but because the entire chromatic scale is available by definition, most professionals stick with the key of C—which is perhaps easier to remember, since slide in will automatically be the sharps of the associated note.

Chromatic harmonicas are traditionally tuned to solo tuning, which has a similar layout to the diatonic's Richter tuning except that it eliminates the G on the draw and doubles the Cs that are not on the ends of the instrument. In the standard 12-hole chromatic in C the lowest note is middle C, while 16-hole variants start one octave lower. For the 16-hole variant, the layout is usually as follows. Note that the "D" in the last key-in draw note is common, though by no means present in all chromatic harmonicas.

 * {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

! blow ! rowspan=2 | key out ! draw ! ! style="width:20px" | 1 1′ !! style="width:20px" | 2 2′ !! style="width:20px" | 3 3′ !! style="width:20px" | 4 4′ !! style="width:20px" | 5 1 !! style="width:20px" | 6 2 !! style="width:20px" | 7 3 !! style="width:20px" | 8 4 !! style="width:20px" | 9 5 !! style="width:20px" | 10 6 !! style="width:20px" | 11 7 !! style="width:20px" | 12 8 !! style="width:20px" | 13 9 !! style="width:20px" | 14 10 !! style="width:20px" | 15 11 !! style="width:20px" | 16 12 ! ! blow ! rowspan=2 | key in ! draw
 * C || E || G || C || C || E || G || C || C || E || G || C || C || E || G || C
 * D || F || A || B || D || F || A || B || D || F || A || B || D || F || A || B
 * C♯ || F || G♯ || C♯ || C♯ || F || G♯ || C♯ || C♯ || F || G♯ || C♯ || C♯ || F || G♯ || C♯
 * D♯ || F♯ || A♯ || C || D♯ || F♯ || A♯ || C || D♯ || F♯ || A♯ || C || D♯ || F♯ || A♯ || D
 * }

Advantages
Because it is a fully chromatic instrument, the chromatic harmonica is the instrument of choice in jazz and classical music. The "solo tuning" layout repeats itself at each octave, which simplifies playing in different octaves and keys in contrast to the Richter tuning system. Also, due to the windsavers on the low and mid-range holes, it can bend notes on both blow and draw notes, giving additional tonality if needed. In traditional harmonica bands, the chromatic harmonica plays the lead part.

Stock chromatics are well suited for players who play chromatics in third position traditional Chicago Blues, and benefit from having a selection of keys.

Disadvantages
While the chromatic harmonica is capable of playing in all keys, it does have limitations. For example, while chromatic harmonicas can "bend" notes down in pitch, as a single-reed bend it sounds quite different from the typical dual-reed bend of a blues harp, and can only bend downward by a semi-tone. Furthermore, unless the windsavers are removed, chromatic harmonicas cannot "overblow" except on the upper four holes. However, dual-reed bends and overblows are possible on slideless chromatic harmonicas, as the Tombo S-50.

Perhaps more importantly, the number of chords, double-stops, and legato phrasings available is limited, unless the harmonica is retuned from standard tuning; the lack of a G on the draw makes it impossible to play the G chords available on a Richter-tuned device. Thus, while a chromatic harmonica is well-suited for playing lead or melody, diatonic harmonicas have a greater advantage when playing harmony or accompaniment.

As the chromatic harmonica is designed to play melodies in any key, many 16-hole and special version chromatic are only made in the key of C. Because of this, there are many approaches to get over the limits of the chromatic harmonica: the first and the most common approach, encouraged mainly by classical music players (such as Franz Chmel), is that a good harmonica player should try his or her best to use the chromatic in the key of C; some even discourage switching to other keys. An alternative approach is to have several keys and play them as if playing key of F on a key of C. Although it still requires being able to play over complex changes, modulating and so forth, it enables the player to focus more on the music. Another approach is using altered tunings such as Diminished, which requires learning to play three (or four) patterns and then be able to play in all keys.

Chromatic harmonicas tend to be significantly more expensive than their diatonic counterparts—with a typical chromatic harmonica selling at a price that is up to ten times higher than a simple diatonic harmonica. Chromatic harmonicas produced by reputable companies (such as Hohner, Seydel, and Suzuki ) can cost hundreds of US dollars.

Slider design
Chromatic harmonicas are often described as either "straight tuned" or "cross tuned". This refers to the way the slider is shaped to isolate the reed set being played at a given position (button "in" or button "out"). Traditionally the chromatic was "straight tuned" and the slider selected either the upper reed-plate (button out) or the lower reed-plate (button in). In the later half of the 20th century a new system came into use in which the slider played the upper and lower reed-plates at the same time, staggered by which hole (thus with the button out the player might play the upper reed-plate in hole 1, the lower reed-plate in hole 2, and then the upper again in hole 3 and so forth; pressing the button reversed this). This allows for a larger hole in the slider, and thus presumably more air gets through, allowing a louder volume. The two methods co-exist with some companies and players preferring one style and others another.

There are at least two other types of slider design as well. The first one has holes side by side with each other in the slider, thus opening only the left side of the chamber or the right side depending on button position. The Renaissance chromatic uses this design, which is claimed to mix the larger hole of a cross-tuned design with an even shorter movement than in straight tuned sliders. The simple way of doing this is to construct the harmonica more like a traditional Richter diatonic whereas the standard chromatic design shares more in common with the Knittlinger octave harmonicas. Note, however, the Renaissance uses a complex comb design to achieve their slider design. The second type of alternative design is found mostly in East Asia and is based more along the traditional Weiner tremolo construction. Here each reed is isolated in its own cell within the comb and the slider selects a single reed at a time rather than a cell containing both blow and draw reeds. The Tombo Ultimo is an example of this type of chromatic.

Finally, there are also several types of non-slide chromatic instruments available, particularly in Asia, such as the horn harmonica, as well as Tombo's S-50, Tombo's Chromatic Violin Range, and others. Tombo Chromatic Violin Range (three and a half octaves), as well as S-50 (three octaves) use the tremolo scale tuning system (but with only one-reed): in essence it is a C♯ tremolo harmonica sitting on top of a C tremolo harmonica, with blow and draw reeds each sitting in a single cell. The player switches between a top row tuned to C♯ and a bottom tuned to C by changing the angle of the harmonica.

Alternative tunings
Like diatonic harmonicas, chromatics are available in numerous tunings. However, there are three more popular versions: one is Irish tuning, whereby notes are flattened (instead of sharpened) when the slide is in. This makes playing Irish music and, to a certain extent, blues, easier, since Irish music is commonly played in either the key of D or key of G. The use of C, with no sharps or flats, and B, with all flats, allows common Irish modes to be played while the downward-tuning slide allows ornamentation in keeping with the Irish tradition. Irish tuning can be achieved easily by reversing the slide (flipping the slide upside down) of a chromatic in the key of B major; alternatively, one can use the B major as is, but with slide-in as the home position.

 * {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

! blow ! rowspan=2 | key out ! draw ! ! style="width:20px" | 1′ !! style="width:20px" | 2′ !! style="width:20px" | 3′ !! style="width:20px" | 4′ !! style="width:20px" | 1 !! style="width:20px" | 2 !! style="width:20px" | 3 !! style="width:20px" | 4 !! style="width:20px" | 5 !! style="width:20px" | 6 !! style="width:20px" | 7 !! style="width:20px" | 8 !! style="width:20px" | 9 !! style="width:20px" | 10 !! style="width:20px" | 11 !! style="width:20px" | 12 ! ! blow ! rowspan=2 | key in ! draw
 * C || E || G || C || C || E || G || C || C || E || G || C || C || E || G || C
 * D || F || A || B || D || F || A || B || D || F || A || B || D || F || A || B
 * B || E♭ || G♭ || B || B || E♭ || G♭ || B || B || E♭ || G♭ || B || B || E♭ || G♭ || B
 * D♭ || E || A♭ || B♭ || D♭ || E || A♭ || B♭ || D♭ || E || A♭ || B♭ || D♭ || E || A♭ || B♭
 * }

Another variant is bebop tuning, which is done by tuning the redundant C/C♯ in holes 4′, 4, 8, and 12 blow into a B♭/B pair. This allows playing chords in the key of F, as well as playing a C7 chord.

 * {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

! blow ! rowspan=2 | key out ! draw ! ! style="width:20px" | 1′ !! style="width:20px" | 2′ !! style="width:20px" | 3′ !! style="width:20px" | 4′ !! style="width:20px" | 1 !! style="width:20px" | 2 !! style="width:20px" | 3 !! style="width:20px" | 4 !! style="width:20px" | 5 !! style="width:20px" | 6 !! style="width:20px" | 7 !! style="width:20px" | 8 !! style="width:20px" | 9 !! style="width:20px" | 10 !! style="width:20px" | 11 !! style="width:20px" | 12 ! ! blow ! rowspan=2 | key in ! draw
 * C || E || G || B♭ || C || E || G || B♭ || C || E || G || B♭ || C || E || G || B♭
 * D || F || A || B || D || F || A || B || D || F || A || B || D || F || A || B
 * C♯ || F || G♯ || B || C♯ || F || G♯ || B || C♯ || F || G♯ || B || C♯ || F || G♯ || B
 * D♯ || F♯ || A♯ || C || D♯ || F♯ || A♯ || C || D♯ || F♯ || A♯ || C || D♯ || F♯ || A♯ || C
 * }

Another popular version of alternative tuning is classical tuning, which is done by switching between the blow and draw of the fourth hole of each octave:

 * {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

! blow ! rowspan=2 | key out ! draw ! ! style="width:20px" | 1′ !! style="width:20px" | 2′ !! style="width:20px" | 3′ !! style="width:20px" | 4′ !! style="width:20px" | 1 !! style="width:20px" | 2 !! style="width:20px" | 3 !! style="width:20px" | 4 !! style="width:20px" | 5 !! style="width:20px" | 6 !! style="width:20px" | 7 !! style="width:20px" | 8 !! style="width:20px" | 9 !! style="width:20px" | 10 !! style="width:20px" | 11 !! style="width:20px" | 12 ! ! blow ! rowspan=2 | key in ! draw
 * C || E || G || B || C || E || G || B || C || E || G || B || C || E || G || B
 * D || F || A || C || D || F || A || C || D || F || A || C || D || F || A || C
 * C♯ || F || G♯ || C || C♯ || F || G♯ || C || C♯ || F || G♯ || C || C♯ || F || G♯ || C
 * D♯ || F♯ || A♯ || C♯ || D♯ || F♯ || A♯ || C♯ || D♯ || F♯ || A♯ || C♯ || D♯ || F♯ || A♯ || C♯
 * }

This easily allows Imaj7 and IIm7 chords, as well as many others, to be played–a benefit for various musical styles.

Another tuning is minor tuning for natural and harmonic minor Im7 and IIdim7 normal position.

 * {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

! blow ! rowspan=2 | key out ! draw ! ! style="width:20px" | 1′ !! style="width:20px" | 2′ !! style="width:20px" | 3′ !! style="width:20px" | 4′ !! style="width:20px" | 1 !! style="width:20px" | 2 !! style="width:20px" | 3 !! style="width:20px" | 4 !! style="width:20px" | 5 !! style="width:20px" | 6 !! style="width:20px" | 7 !! style="width:20px" | 8 !! style="width:20px" | 9 !! style="width:20px" | 10 !! style="width:20px" | 11 !! style="width:20px" | 12 ! ! blow ! rowspan=2 | key in ! draw
 * C || E♭ || G || B♭ || C || E♭ || G || B♭ || C || E♭ || G || B♭ || C || E♭ || G || B♭
 * D || F || A♭ || B || D || F || A♭ || B || D || F || A♭ || B || D || F || A♭ || B
 * C♯ || E || G♯ || B || C♯ || E || G♯ || B || C♯ || E || G♯ || B || C♯ || E || G♯ || B
 * D♯ || F♯ || A || C || D♯ || F♯ || A || C || D♯ || F♯ || A || C || D♯ || F♯ || A || C
 * }

title: Chromatic harmonica


text:
Talk:Edgecliff, New South Wales

Page move
This page was moved from "Edgecliff" to "Edgecliff, New South Wales" as per the naming convention set out at Wikipedia:Naming conventions (places) – Ianblair23 13:06, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

Notable Companies
There are more and more large companies and associations moving out here - should a list be included? I know Appliances Online and Big Brown Box are now on New South Head Road, and there's also the Brandenburg Orchestra office. M0z (talk) 22:39, 6 November 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Edgecliff, New South Wales