text:
User talk:Garion96/Archive 2

John Cusack Photo
Yes, that is a real picture of Cusack...but it's awful one of you ask me, lol. -- RattleandHum 21:23, 6 July 2006

Re: Talk page archive
Garion96 wrote:

 * Thanks for moving my archive. When I first made the archive I guess I was too much a newbie. But I can't imagine I never noticed it afterwards, unbelievable... Again thanks. Garion96 (talk) 19:33, 10 July 2006 (UTC)

No problem. And don't worry, you're not the first person to make this mistake (even administrators have been known to do it) – Gurch 19:36, 10 July 2006 (UTC)

Category sorting
Thank you for contributing to Mícheál Ó Domhnaill. But please note that the text after the pipe ("|") in the category link should omit all diacritics, including fadas. This text is never displayed anywhere; rather, it's used to make the category sort correctly. Thanks again, and happy editing! --Craig Stuntz 18:27, 11 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I did know that, but I didn't know an Ó fell under that too. I thought an Ó was a totally different character than a normal O? Or do you simply pronounce it the same way so it doesn't matter. Obviously I am not Irish. :) Garion96 (talk) 18:38, 11 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I am not an Irish speaker nor do I have extensive knowledge of the language, but I'll tell you what I know. Most importantly, Ó does not sort correctly in Wikipedia categories — it appears after Z, which is clearly wrong. Regarding pronunciation, yes O and Ó are pronounced differently, but O would essentially be incorrect in that context in Irish anyway (O'Whatever is the English version, not O Whatever; likewise you never see Ó'Whatever). But as above, the category text is for sorting only and isn't displayed at all, so the correct spelling in this case is what makes the name sort correctly relative to other names. Sorting can be culture-specific — in Ireland, Mac and Mc are grouped together in the phone book, whereas in the US they aren't — but categories generally aren't culture-specific, so the standard here on Wikipedia, more or less, is "put the category entries where the majority of English speakers would be most likely to find them." --Craig Stuntz 18:51, 11 July 2006 (UTC)

Likely copyvio
Hello Garion, could you take a look at Image:BullBaiting1.jpg? I notice there's a big watermark on the image that inclines me to think that it is mistagged. Thanks. (→ Netscott ) 02:36, 14 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Maybe you could check the images here as well. I suspect that the flag animations are mistagged as well. Cheers. (→ Netscott ) 02:52, 14 July 2006 (UTC)
 * I'd just tag them for deletion myself but I thought it'd be better to allow a neutral 3rd party to have a look. Thanks. (→ Netscott ) 03:04, 14 July 2006 (UTC)
 * This editor and his sockpuppets apparently have a history of copyvios. (→ Netscott ) 03:08, 14 July 2006 (UTC)
 * The watermark says "Curro de Tameran" and then "Foto Aguiar 2000". If you would just tag the image with . Thanks. (→ Netscott ) 03:42, 14 July 2006 (UTC)
 * The tagging looks correct. Your taking a look at the matter is appreciated. (→ Netscott ) 13:12, 14 July 2006 (UTC)

Photo copyright
I noticed you used a free photo of Stravinsky, which comes from http://www.loc.gov/rr/perform/guide/spcmus.html I wonder if the rest of the pictures there are also free. For example Aaron Copland's photo could be useful, as there is no picture of him in Wikipedia. Atavi 12:53, 15 July 2006 (UTC)

 * As I said in my talk page, thanks! you gave me an idea.Atavi 16:13, 15 July 2006 (UTC)

Vote requested for Exocortex}}}|Exocortex AfD
The Exocortex article is being considered for deletion. You may wish to share your thoughts on the matter. (Any reply posted here will not be reviewed by me.) --Amit 02:53, 19 July 2006 (UTC)

Stephanie Adams and WP:BLP
G'day Garion,

thanks for your message. In essence, what all y'all did was the right approach: try to keep it out, but if the other party wants an edit war, don't get sucked in — go and ask on WP:ANI or IRC or something for someone with the ability to intervene technically (such as an admin) to rush in and lay about him- (or her-) self with a two-handed broadsword ... or at least, a "protect article" button. Yeah. Cheers, fuddlemark (befuddle me!) 16:10, 19 July 2006 (UTC)

International journal of progressive education
I am writing in regard to a wikipedia website, “International journal of progressive education" which is listed on "Wikipedia:Copyright problems". On behalf of the executive commitee of the International Association of Educators, I confirm that we are the copyright holder and are licensing the text under the GNU Free Documentation License at the following wiki site:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_journal_of_progressive_education

I would appreciate if you could restore the latest version of the wikipedia website, “International journal of progressive education."

Mustafa Eryaman Managing Editor International journal of progressive education e-mail removed to stop spam bots

—The preceding unsigned comment was added by 128.174.145.143 (talk • contribs). 03:08, 20 July 2006
 * Responded by e-mail. Garion96 (talk) 02:10, 20 July 2006 (UTC)

Categorization of your Commons images
Hi Garion96

Seeing your gallery and your comment in Commons:Help_desk, I notice that you do not categorize your images. All images at the Wikimedia Commons should be in a category, so that other users may find them. For example, Image:Mark Leno.jpg should be in Category:Politicians of the United States of America (or in the proper subcategory). Can you try to categorize your uploads? I you have any questions, feel free to ask me in my talk page.

Sincerely, Kjetil_r 18:07, 20 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Responded on editor's commons talk page. Garion96 (talk) 23:27, 21 July 2006 (UTC)

Lestrade
I moved it to George Lestrade because I felt it was more appropriate for a page to give a person's name than the person's title. As for "George", that was because the article stated his name to be George before I ever edited the page, and because I assumed that the information in the article was correct.

However, after you commented on my page, I became curious as to the source of the name "George", so I did a computerized search through the texts of all the original Sherlock Holmes stories and books by Arthur Conan Doyle. I do not know if Lestrade's name is ever given, but my search revealed that it was definitely not stated to be George, so that information is incorrect.

Furthermore, I searched through the page's history. The information was added by an anon, User:193.180.228.186, who first gave the name as Richard (see diff ) and then immediately changed the name to George (see diff ). This looks like subtle vandalism to me, and I have thus reverted the change and moved the page back to Inspector Lestrade. —Lowellian (reply) 08:03, 24 July 2006 (UTC)

Uncategorised lists - aka uncategorized. for us backward Americans ;-)
Thanks for the message - I looked and looked for instructions and could find none, so I will strike them from the list as I go. Categories are a weak spot for me, so I'm doing this work to get a better grasp of them. It's working - I think. Thanks again - Baseball,Baby!   balls  •  strikes  19:58, 25 July 2006 (UTC)

Speedy delete
''Hi, I saw you changed List of Italian/Italian American Superheroes and Villians into a redirect. Why not simply delete it? The article history doesn't have to be saved (since the other one was started by the same editor) and nothing linked to the article. Garion96 (talk) 17:27, 28 July 2006 (UTC)''
 * Duplicate articles are generally turned into a redirect--not deleted, unless they are an implausible typo, which is not the case here. Owen× ☎  17:30, 28 July 2006 (UTC)

re: Welcome
Hello Garion,

Thank you for your reply, and some of the tips, they've proven usefull.

Sorry for posting my question at the wrong place, the wikipedia special pages always confuse me somewhat ... Thank you for moving it.

Not sure if I'll be a "true" wikipedian, but I just discovered that "wiki-ing" in late, boring hours is pretty fun, and apearently there are many articles yet either uncreated or a stub

Carpetsmoker 04:37, 29 July 2006 (UTC)Carpetsmoker

List of recordings of compositions by César Franck
Thanks for the comment. I didn't know that tag was needed.--Dr. Friendly 08:04, 29 July 2006 (UTC)

Welcome
Thanks. Attic Owl 13:48, 29 July 2006 (UTC)

Uncategorised stuff
Thanks for your work on the uncategorised articles, really appreciated. I imagine there probably are only few uncategorised lists left anyway, so I won't update that list for a while. Martin 16:23, 29 July 2006 (UTC)

Unsourced list
Thank you!! You have cheered me no end. I was feeling a little frustrated and all I needed were a few supportive words. Yes, the sources are kind of hard to find though I think IMDB is fairly reputable. A lot of their biographies are dodgy but I think they do very well with the basics. Most of the sources I've found by doing Google searches. I figure the New York Times is very reputable plus they seem to be big on obituaries, so I've been entering "name of person, new york times, aids" into Google and almost always get a result. Still takes a lot of time though. Thanks again. It's very late where I am, so I am calling it a day. BTW, I should have looked at the edit summaries before I started moaning about being the "only one" etc - I can see you've been busy here. Rossrs 17:24, 29 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Finding the EW list was quite a find! I'll go through and link all the multiple references to one link but I'll have to leave it for later today.  It's great - the list is almost completely referenced.  Well done!  Rossrs 01:56, 30 July 2006 (UTC)

Courtesy blanking
Hi, and thanks for explaining why you blanked Articles for deletion/Elonka Dunin (2nd nomination). In this case, however, I disagree: Jimbo must have blanked Articles for deletion/Argento because the subject was deemed non-notable and the article was deleted (and that's not a good PR for him). In Elonka's case, however, she got overwhelming support for keeping the article and it was closed as keep. So in this case I don't see why the archived discussion should be blanked. Regards, Zoz (t) 23:28, 3 August 2006 (UTC)

Enforce inclusion of categories
Hi, I've made a proposal to change the software to prevent mainspace pages from being saved unless they contain a category. Since you've done a lot of work at User:Bluemoose/Uncategorised good articles, which would be affected by this proposal, I'd appreciate your thoughts! bd2412 T 23:37, 4 August 2006 (UTC)

your opinion sought at WP:LIST talk
I've made a proposal here, and am seeking feedback. Best,--Anthony Krupp 14:02, 6 August 2006 (UTC)

Re: Love this bot...
Thanks :) -- Where 01:44, 7 August 2006 (UTC)

Keeley Hazell
Thanks for helping me citing the source.--Bonafide.hustla 07:46, 7 August 2006 (UTC)

1950s bands
For your information, Yukonjack has claimed on the Cascades talk page to be the webmaster of the website. What do you think should be done now? Academic Challenger 01:21, 8 August 2006 (UTC)

Never mind, I see you already saw it. Academic Challenger 01:21, 8 August 2006 (UTC)

icrco
Icrco was remove for possible copyright violation. Well I due hold the copyright permission to this material. I work for the company and was ask by my CEO to make this page. Please let me know if you have any questions. I’m new to this site so any help or recomemdations are very much appreciated. Thanks, Balmore —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Icrco06 (talk • contribs). 00:26, 9 August 2006

Destination Doo-Wop
I received an email from the permissions folks and they asked that I clearly state that I was giving them freedom to use my material under the GFDL. I responded with that exact language. Do you know what the next step is? Can I go ahead and add material back to the group histories here on your site?

Yukon Jack www.destinationdoowop.com —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Yukonjack (talk • contribs). 19:02, 10 August 2006

Shannen Doherty
Thank you for the polite notice. I've tried a new reference. Please let me know if there's a problem with it.Ribonucleic 03:56, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

Sorry & Thanks
Hey, just wanted to apologize for my careless photo adding. I'll no longer add pictures to pages that already have one. Thanks for giving me notice of it. RattleandHum 11 August 2006

The userpage vandalism
Thanks... looks like Samir got it. Nasty stuff. Jkelly 03:12, 12 August 2006 (UTC)

Re : Copyright question
Wait for Wikimedia's PR dept. for a second response, it may take up to a working day or two. Once you/him has received the email acknowledging that they have recorded the permission to license under GFDL, insert confirmation into the article's talk page, remove the listing from WP:CP if you haven't done so yet, and the process is complete. - Cheers, Mailer Diablo 14:19, 13 August 2006 (UTC)

Many apologies
I must offer my profound apologies. I realized after I clicked save page that my edit summary was rude and uncalled for. As to your points:
 * 1) I just prefer the brief, numbered, summaries of the travel shows. The shows matched their names at IMDb (and I know, all to well that IMDb can get it wrong as often as anybody else!) and at their wikipages. Perhaps the slightly longer descriptions that you were adding could go with the individual articles for each travel show.
 * 2) As an editor I am more of a wikignome than anything else. Thus, I am not always up to date on the new consensus and policy changes and, therefore I was in error in the changing your incorpration of the tirvia into the body of the article. Coincidentally, I encountered a discussion of this new policy in the Dr Who discussion pages between making my revert and getting your message. I will miss them but I understand how they can be deemed unencyclopedic. Please put them back into the body of the article as you did before.
 * 3) The article you found to source the "Palin Effect" is interesting isn't it? He works so hard to not travel by air (at least during the filming of the various series), yet that is what he is being criticized for. I wonder if it would be okay to cite both Machu Pichu and the Sahara. While the Peru sites bookings went up it has been a tourist destination for years. The extra travel to the Western Sahara must have been unique for that part of the world. I will understand if you disagree with this since there may not be a credible source to cite for its inclusion.

I, again, want to apologize for any offense that I caused. I actually enjoy watching articles evolve here at wikip and my overeaction was not necessary.MarnetteD | Talk 18:08, 14 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Thanks for your understanding and for asking for my input. I wanted to get back to you earlier but I got involved in a time consuming project fixing the filmography for Max von Sydow (one of my fav gnomish things to do) and had to step away from the screen for awhile. i'm not sure that I have any helpful suggestions as I kind of like the concise nature of what is there now. I know that each of the individual pages for the travel shows could use some input. Is there a place to talk about how this turn in his career has brought him to the attention of viewers all over the world who might never have watched 'Python'? I have to tell you that with the fine performances that he was giving in feature films in the mid 80's I thought that he was on a track to become an actor in the Alec Guiness mold (at least the AG of the 50's and early 60's). The fact that we now look forward to traveling over the globe with him still astonishes me. Sorry I couldn't have been more help. Best of editing wishes. PS I live in Colorado and have been on the train that he was riding on in '...80 Days' and I lived in Ketchikan, Alaska in the early 90's and, though it isn't mentioned in the show or the book for 'Full Circle', with him taking the ferry north from Seattle he would have gone past another place that I have lived.MarnetteD | Talk 01:56, 15 August 2006 (UTC)

Feedback requested
At Wikipedia_talk:List_guideline Thanks! --Anthony Krupp 00:00, 15 August 2006 (UTC)

Date links
In the normal article text I can see that all dates should be wikilinked. In the references however I found them to clutter up the section with all the different links. I removed them because because I didn't think they looked very good or served any purpose really. If someone wants to change them back I won't really care, but I prefer it like this. jaco ♫ plane 19:54, 16 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Heh, ok no problem, sorry for making you do all that work :) jaco ♫ plane  20:10, 16 August 2006 (UTC)

Alphachimp RfA
Thanks for the heads-up; I just went back and added my real sig. Marc Shepherd 01:35, 17 August 2006 (UTC)

User:Bluemoose/Uncategorised good articles
Garion96 wrote: ''Hi, I saw you helping out on User:Bluemoose/Uncategorised good articles. Thanks for that. For future reference, you don't need to cross out articles you have done. Just remove them completely from the list. Saves some work. Cheers, Garion96 (talk) 15:41, 17 August 2006 (UTC)''
 * Cool, I'll do that in the future. Thanks for the tip. RainbowCrane 18:16, 17 August 2006 (UTC)

Palin
Wow, yeah - very nice info-box. I will have to make it's use more widespread!--Crestville 21:14, 17 August 2006 (UTC)

Got permissions
--Yukonjack 21:28, 20 August 2006 (UTC)I got the permissions to post material from my web site (Destination Doo-Wop). During the upcoming week I will editing, adding to and updating many group harmony artist pages. Thank you,

Yukon Jack www.destinationdoowop.com

'39
I was wondering why you removed the needsinfobox template from the article's talk page. The article lacks a song or single infobox (not sure which one it is). Please respond why you did so. Thank you. -- Will Mak  050389  01:27, 21 August 2006 (UTC)

 * It has a Queen at the bootom but not a song infobox in it, which is what is needed. -- Will Mak  050389  01:42, 21 August 2006 (UTC)

 * At the article '39 I do not see any infobox on the side, the album article from which the song comes from has an infobox, but not the article for that particular song ('39), which should have a song infobox. -- Will Mak  050389  01:59, 21 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Thank you for adding the infobox, I'm still confused by the comment that you said there was already one, but according to the page history the infobox was added at 2:05 UTC 21 Aug (10 min. ago) by you. Can you try to explain possibly. I don't want to be mean, I'm just confused. -- Will Mak  050389  02:16, 21 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm still confused, on that first revision you showed me, I see no infobox on the page at all. Am I missing something? -- Will Mak  050389  04:10, 21 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Ok, nevermind, I looked at the "edit this page" for that revision and it has the html markup for a substed infobox, I guess my preferences or browser made this unseeable to me. The infobox needed to be converted and I thank you that you did that. -- Will Mak  050389  04:15, 21 August 2006 (UTC)

 * No, that one looks fine. It's odd I couldn't see '39. I'm going to try to look through my browser and wikipedia preferences to see if that might have something to do with it. -- Will Mak  050389  03:12, 22 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I have it figured out. When I have TOC on it shows it, but when I have it off, it doesn't. Probably has something to do with the html. Well, I'll keep that in mind if something like this comes up again. Thanks for your time and patience. -- Will Mak  050389  03:15, 22 August 2006 (UTC)

Thanks

 * Thank you for helping me at the help desk; the link you gave me was very helpful. AndonicO 23:30, 21 August 2006 (UTC)

Thanks for the rv!
You're absolutely right, I don't know how I did that... Thanks again. --Bobak 23:47, 22 August 2006 (UTC)

Where do the arbitrary rules state that two important persons with similar names should not be linked herein?
Elsewhere it is common throughout the website.

Do you, in fact, somehow, dislike the earlier character?

Are you willing to come to any sort of compromise? Is there any middleground? Negotiate?

disambiguation.

Hopiakuta 17:06, 23 August 2006 (UTC)

Cassius Clay
''Hi, regarding your message on my talk. There was no need for those links. In the Muhammed Ali article there already was in the lead a link to Cassius Marcellus Clay (abolitionist). To have a special section on that seems excessive. The link you added in the Cassius Marcellus Clay (abolitionist) was in references, a link to a disambiguation page is not a reference. Plus there already was mention of Muhammed Ali in that article, including a link. Cheers, Garion96 (talk) 17:16, 23 August 2006 (UTC)''

Well, I don't see it. Where, which paragrph, is "Cassius_Marcellus_Clay_%28abolitionist%29"? Could it be more prominent? I've located other issues, as well: What is "Style Orthodox"? And please look @: talk:Cassius Marcellus Clay; Cassius Marcellus Clay. Maybe: "Muhammad Ali", or "Muhammed Ali"? Ostensibly. Thank You. Hopiakuta 17:43, 23 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Ah, I see. But, it's not as "Cassius Marcellus Clay". When I search, I input something like "marce". The browser doesn't fill-in for the middlename being listed in a different sentence. Thereby, the prominence issue. Hopiakuta 17:56, 23 August 2006 (UTC)
 * What is "Style Orthodox"? Hopiakuta 17:59, 23 August 2006 (UTC)
 * I put on otheruses tag on Cassius Marcellus Clay (abolitionist). Is that what you meant/want? And sorry, no idea what "style orthodox" is. Garion96 (talk) 18:16, 23 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Although I wasn't referring to that, it is a good idea. This change might assist the browser-find issue:

Named Junior after his father, Cassius Marcellus Clay, Sr., who was named for the 19th century abolitionist and politician Cassius Clay. Ali later changed his name after joining the Nation of Islam and subsequently converted to orthodox Sunni Islam in 1975.

Named Junior after his father, Cassius Marcellus Clay, Sr., who was named for the 19th century abolitionist and politician Cassius Marcellus Clay (abolitionist). Ali later changed his name after joining the Nation of Islam and subsequently converted to orthodox Sunni Islam in 1975.

Which looks better?:

 * Louisville, Kentucky, USA

! Style ! colspan="2" style="background-color: #d0d0d0; text-align: center;" | Boxing record
 * Orthodox box, boxing, boxer

or:

 * Louisville, Kentucky, USA

! Style ! colspan="2" style="background-color: #d0d0d0; text-align: center;" | Boxing record
 * Orthodox Sunni Islam

Hopiakuta 18:44, 23 August 2006 (UTC)

Hello
Hi Garion, I note an edit using your identity of 11.20 27 Aug to the article "Noel Gray" in which the words [reference needed] was replaced by fact. Was this intentional or is someone hijacking your ID ? regards Geoffrey Wickham 05:23, 28 August 2006 (UTC)

Fair usage question
Hello Garion96, I was wondering if you could take a look at this image that's being used on the new anti-Semitism article and determine if it's fair use is disqualified as counterexample #4? Thanks. (→ Netscott ) 19:18, 30 August 2006 (UTC)

Congrats!
I watched with amazement when you tackled the User:Bluemoose/Uncategorised good articles. I had edited fairly regularly on the project so I know what a huge chunk of work you did. Stormbay 02:12, 31 August 2006 (UTC)

Backlog on cat needed
Sorry about that; I realized a second after I clicked save that it was a mistake. Thanks for correcting it; and for all the great work you do in categorizing and elsewhere. JesseW, the juggling janitor 22:45, 31 August 2006 (UTC)

Re: Wherebot
Thanks for pointing that out! I think the problem is now fixed. -- Where 00:17, 1 September 2006 (UTC)

Commons
I hate uploading things to the Commons. It's such a PITA. If you want to copy it there, be my guest. —Chowbok 02:03, 1 September 2006 (UTC)

 * It's not the extra login, it's all the hoops you have to jump through to get it up there. I forget now, it's been a while, but when I uploaded an image there I had to fill out all this crap and then at the end I couldn't use it anyway because the name was in use on here! It really annoyed me.

 * I dunno, maybe I should try it again... it'd be nice to start adding all the pictures I've uploaded to other Wikipedias. But of course it'd be a ton of work now. I wish there was a way to copy images over there in bulk. —Chowbok 02:11, 1 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the tip. On second thought, give me a day or two on the Gibson photo. If that works for me I'll move it there along with all the other pictures I uploaded. Go ahead and do it in a couple days if I flake out. —Chowbok 02:37, 1 September 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Garion96/Archive 2


text:
El Zorro

El Zorro may refer to:

 * Zorro, a fictional character
 * El Zorro (wrestler) (Jesús Cristóbal Martínez Rodriguez, born 1975), Mexican professional wrestler
 * El Zorro (railway), Australian railway operator

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: El Zorro


text:
Isaac La Peyrère

Isaac La Peyrère (1596–1676), also known as Isaac de La Peyrère or Pererius, was a French-born theologian, writer, and lawyer. La Peyrère is best known as a 17th-century predecessor of the scientific racialist theory of polygenism in the form of his Pre-Adamite hypothesis, which offered a challenge to traditional Abrahamic understandings of the descent of the human races as derived from the Book of Genesis. In addition to this, La Peyrère anticipated Zionism, advocating a Jewish return to Palestine, within the context of premillennialist Messianic theology. He moved in prominent circles and was known for his connections to the Prince of Condé and the abdicated Queen Christina of Sweden. Born to a Huguenot family, possibly of Portuguese Jewish converso or Marrano heritage, La Peyrère was pressured to renounce his views and publicly converted to the Catholic Church towards the end of his life, though the sincerity of this conversion has been questioned.

Background
La Peyrère's name is sometimes given in Latin as "Pererius", which is a version of Pereira.

He was born in Bordeaux, France to a socially prominent family to parents Bernard La Peyrère and Marthre Malet, with eight siblings, most notable being his brother Abraham La Peyrère. His father was the private secretary to Jacques II de Goyon de Matignon, Maréchal de France, while on his mother's side, his grandfather was General Treasurer to the Royal House of Navarre.

Both sides of La Peyrère's family were Calvinists, and many Bordeaux Protestants were suspected of being Marrano, or "secret Jews." While questions exist regarding a Jewish heritage, Richard Popkin brings forward evidence for making the argument that La Peyrère was of Marrano ancestry on his mother's side.

La Peyrère was a lawyer by training.

Condé and Christina of Sweden
La Peyrère served as secretary to the Prince of Condé on whose orders he lived for one month in 1654 in a house in the Southern Netherlands adjoining that of the recently abdicated Queen Christina of Sweden. Christina is said to have financed the anonymous publication of Prae-Adamitae. During this time both Christina and La Peyrère met with Menasseh Ben Israel, who was later invited by Oliver Cromwell's government to England to negotiate the readmission of Jews to that country. Menasseh became a convert to La Peyrère's belief that the coming of the Jewish Messiah was imminent. La Peyrère also argued that the Messiah would join with the king of France (that is, the Prince of Condé, not Louis XIV of France) to liberate the Holy Land, rebuild the Temple and set up a world government of the Messiah with the king of France acting as regent. It has since emerged that, in fact: "Condé, Cromwell and Christina were negotiating to create a theological-political world state, involving overthrowing the Catholic king of France, among other things".

Pre-Adamite hypothesis
In his Prae-Adamitae, published in Latin in 1655 and in English as Men Before Adam in 1656, La Peyrère argued that Paul's words in Chapter 5, verses 12-14 of his Epistle to the Romans should be interpreted such that "if Adam sinned in a morally meaningful sense there must have been an Adamic law according to which he sinned. If law began with Adam, there must have been a lawless world before Adam, containing people". Thus, according to La Peyrère there must have been two creations: first the creation of the Gentiles and then that of Adam, who was father of the Jews. The existence of pre-Adamites, La Peyrère argued, explained Cain's life after Abel's murder which, in the Genesis account, involved the taking of a wife and the building of a city. This account of human origins became the basis for 19th century theories of polygenism and were espoused by those trying to justify racism in the New World. This polygenesis of the Gentiles was his method of explaining the existence of the Negroes, Chinese, Eskimos, American Indians, Malays and other people groups being discovered.

In 19th-century Europe polygenism and Pre-Adamism were attractive to those intent on demonstrating the inferiority of non-Western peoples, while in the United States those attuned to racial theories who found it unattractive to contemplate a common history with non-Whites, such as Charles Caldwell, Josiah C. Nott and Samuel G. Morton, also rejected the view that non-whites were the descendants of Adam. Morton combined pre-Adamism with cranial measurements to construct a theory of racial difference that justified slavery. As Michael Barkun explains,

"In such an intellectual atmosphere, Pre-Adamism appeared in two different but not wholly incompatible forms. Religious writers continued to be attracted to the theory both because it appeared to solve certain exegetical problems (where did Cain's wife come from?) and exalted the spiritual status of Adam's descendants. Those of a scientific bent found it equally attractive but for different reasons, connected with a desire to formulate theories of racial difference that retained a place for Adam while accepting evidence that many cultures were far older than the few thousand years humanity had existed, according to biblical chronology. The two varieties differed primarily in the evidence they used, the one relying principally on scriptural texts and the latter what passed at the time for physical anthropology."

Later life
La Peyrère's pre-Adamite contentions were fiercely criticized by Protestant, Jewish and Catholic authorities. In 1656 after a storm of indignation the Prae-Adamitae was publicly burned in Paris. In particular, La Peyrère fell foul of the Catholic Church, while in the Spanish Netherlands which was then under the Habsburgs. Here he was arrested and held in prison for six months and only released after renouncing his views and converting to the Catholic faith. He subsequently went to Rome and begged Pope Alexander VII for forgiveness, retracting his earlier views formally. Following this La Peyrère became a lay member of the Oratory of Jesus in Paris and lived out the rest of his life, from 1659 until 1676. The sincerity of his conversion was later questioned. Pierre Bayle, for example, published a letter in which his religious superior wrote that he "was always writing books that ... would be burned as soon as the good man died."

La Peyrère was influenced by Thomas Hobbes and was an influence on Baruch Spinoza. In his later life La Peyrère was an influence on fellow Oratory of Jesus member, Richard Simon, who has been called "father of the higher criticism".

title: Isaac La Peyrère


text:
Tickler

Tickler may refer to:
 * Tickler file, a collection of date-labeled file folders
 * Tickler oscillator, a type of electronic circuit

Ships

 * HMS Tickler – one of several vessels of the British Royal Navy named Tickler

title: Tickler


text:
Howard Davis Jr.

Howard Edward Davis Jr. (February 14, 1956 – December 30, 2015) was an American professional boxer. Growing up on Long Island as the eldest of 10 children, Davis first learned boxing from his father. After being inspired by a movie about Muhammad Ali, Davis embarked on his amateur career. He won the 1976 Olympic gold medal one week after his mother died. He was also awarded the Val Barker Trophy at the Olympics, beating out such boxers as Sugar Ray Leonard, Michael Spinks and Leon Spinks.

He turned professional after the Olympics and went on to compile a professional record of 36–6–1 with 14 knockouts. He retired in 1996. After retirement he became a trainer. Eventually he worked as boxing director at American Top Team in Coconut Creek, Florida, where he trained both amateur and professional boxers and MMA fighters. He was also a motivational speaker and a musician.

Amateur career
As an amateur, Davis was trained by his father, a former boxer. He had an outstanding amateur career. In 1976, Davis won the Olympic gold medal in the lightweight division in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Davis was also named the Outstanding Boxer of the 1976 Olympics and given the Val Barker Trophy. His Olympic teammates included Sugar Ray Leonard, Michael Spinks and Leon Spinks.

His Olympic victory came just one week after his mother died of a heart attack.

Davis had an amateur record of 125–5.

Amateur accomplishments include:
 * 1973 National AAU Champion (125 lb)
 * Defeated Leroy Veasley of Detroit in the final
 * 1974 World Championships (125 lbs) in Havana, Cuba
 * Defeated Roberto Andino (Puerto Rico) on points
 * Defeated Rumen Peshev (Bulgaria) on points
 * Defeated Eddie Ndukwu (Nigeria) on points
 * Defeated Mariano Álvarez (Cuba) on points
 * Defeated Boris Kuznetsov (Soviet Union) on points
 * 1976 National AAU Champion (132 lbs)
 * Defeated Thomas Hearns on points.
 * 1976 Olympic Trials
 * Defeated Aaron Pryor to qualify at 132 pounds
 * 1976 Summer Olympics – Gold Medal (132 lbs) and Val Barker Award winner for Most Outstanding Boxer of the Games
 * Round of 32: Defeated Yukio Segawa (Japan) won on points
 * Round of 16: Defeated Leonidas Asprilla (Colombia) won by KO 2
 * Quarterfinal:; Defeated Tsvetan Tsvetkov (Bulgaria) won by TKO 3
 * Semifinal: Defeated Ace Rusevski (Yugoslavia) won on points
 * Final: Defeated Simion Cuţov (Romania) won on points

Professional career
Davis turned professional in 1977. After winning his first thirteen fights, he challenged Jim Watt for the WBC lightweight title in 1980. Watt won by a fifteen-round unanimous decision. In 1984, with a record of 26–1, Davis fought Edwin Rosario for the WBC lightweight title. Rosario retained his title with a twelve-round split decision. His final attempt to win a world title came in 1988. Davis was stunningly knocked out in the first round by IBF junior welterweight champion Buddy McGirt. He retired after the fight. In 1994, Davis launched a comeback as a middleweight. He retired for good after losing by second-round knockout to Dana Rosenblatt on April 13, 1996.

He finished with a professional record of 36–6–1 with 14 KO's.

Honors
In August 1976, Davis' hometown of Glen Cove, New York honored Davis with a parade for his Olympic achievement, which was attended by Lt. Governor Mary Anne Krupsak.

In July 2009, Glen Cove honored Davis by naming a street after him. The Mayor also proclaimed July 10 as Howard Davis Day in honor of both father and son.

Personal life
In 1981, Davis had his Olympic Gold Medal stolen from his home, only to be found years later by a landscaper on the side of the road. After discovering the true value of the medal, the landscaper returned the medal to Davis.

Davis served as a boxing trainer to MMA fighters, including Chuck Liddell and fighters from American Top Team. He also worked as a sports commentator, a public speaker, and a promoter for Fight Time Promotions. Davis was a boxing coach/trainer for Chuck Liddell on The Ultimate Fighter 11. Davis' wife Karla Guadamuz-Davis served as his Publicist and Business Manager.

Davis followed a strict vegetarian diet.

Davis' son Dyah is also a former professional boxer, who transitioned to a coaching career and is a boxing coach at the American Top Team.

Death
In the summer of 2015 Davis learned that he had incurable, late-stage lung cancer. He died on December 30, 2015, from the disease at the age of 59.

title: Howard Davis Jr.


text:
Jack Fuller

Jack William Fuller (October 12, 1946 – June 21, 2016) was an American journalist who spent nearly forty years working in newspapers and was the author of seven novels and two books on journalism.

Biography
Fuller was born in Chicago, Illinois. He was a 1964 alumnus of Homewood-Flossmoor High School in Flossmoor, Illinois, and a graduate of Northwestern's Medill School of Journalism and Yale Law School.

He began his journalism career as a copyboy for the Chicago Tribune. Later he became a police reporter, a war correspondent in Vietnam, and a Washington correspondent. He worked for City News Bureau of Chicago, The Chicago Daily News, Pacific Stars and Stripes, and The Washington Post, as well as the Tribune. Fuller won the Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Writing in 1986 for his Tribune editorials on constitutional issues.

During the administration of President Gerald Ford, Fuller served as Special Assistant to United States Attorney General Edward Levi.

From 1989 to 1997 he was editor and then publisher of the Chicago Tribune. From 1997 to 2005 he served as president of the Tribune Publishing Company.

He served on the board of the University of Chicago and the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation.

Fuller died of cancer on June 21, 2016, at the age of 69.

Selected works

 * Convergence (Doubleday; University of Chicago Press, 1982) ISBN 978-0-226-26881-1
 * Fragments (William Morrow; University of Chicago Press, 1984) ISBN 978-0-226-26886-6
 * Mass (William Morrow, 1985) ISBN 0-688-04685-1
 * Our Fathers' Shadows (William Morrow, 1987) ISBN 0-340-39878-7
 * Legends' End (Hodder & Stoughton, 1990) ISBN 0-340-50982-1
 * News Values: Ideas for an Information Age. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996. ISBN 9780226268798
 * Best of Jackson Payne: A Novel (Alfred Knopf; University of Chicago Press, 2000) ISBN 978-0-226-26868-2
 * Abbeville (Unbridled Books, 2008) ISBN 978-1-932961-47-8
 * What Is Happening to News: The Information Explosion and the Crisis in Journalism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2010. ISBN 9780226268989 — Read an excerpt.
 * Levi, Edward H. Restoring Justice: The Speeches of Attorney General Edward H. Levi Edited by Jack Fuller. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2013. ISBN 9780226041315

title: Jack Fuller


text:
User talk:Sawbones Jerrymanderer

Crabmeat Cavern, Massachusetts
Don't post nonsense. Zoe 00:05, August 28, 2005 (UTC) Don't be a pissette.

 * Thanks for experimenting with the page Mitt Romney on Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. --Alhutch 07:41, 26 February 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sawbones Jerrymanderer


text:
NGC 4725

NGC 4725 is an intermediate barred spiral galaxy with a prominent ring structure, located in the northern constellation of Coma Berenices near the north galactic pole. It was discovered by German-born British astronomer William Herschel on April 6, 1785. The galaxy lies at a distance of approximately 12.3 Mpc from the Milky Way. NGC 4725 is the brightest member of the Coma I Group of the Coma-Sculptor Cloud, although it is relatively isolated from the other members of this group. This galaxy is strongly disturbed and is interacting with neighboring spiral galaxy NGC 4747, with its spiral arms showing indications of warping. The pair have an angular separation of $1,206 km/s$, which corresponds to a projected linear separation of 112 kpc. A tidal plume extends from NGC 4747 toward NGC 4725.

NGC 4725 is a suspected type 2 Seyfert galaxy with a supermassive black hole at the core. The morphological classification of this galaxy is SAB(r)ab pec, indicating a peculiar, weakly-barred spiral galaxy (SAB) with a complete ring surrounding the bar (r) and somewhat tightly-wound spiral arms (ab). It is actually double-barred, a feature found among about a third of all barred spirals. The galactic plane is inclined by approximately 46° to the line of sight from the Earth.

The ring structure of the galaxy is a region of star formation. It is offset from the galactic center and displays non-circular motion. There is a compact radio source positioned approximately 1.9 kpc from the nucleus of NGC 4725. Since there is no optical counterpart at that position, this may be a star forming region that is heavily obscured by dust.

Supernovae
Multiple supernova candidate events have been detected in this galaxy:

 * SN 1940B was detected on a photograph taken May 5, 1940, about $24 arcminute$ northeast of the galactic core. The light curve indicates this was a type II supernova.
 * SN 1969H was discovered on 17 June 1969, with a magnitude of 15.
 * Candidate SN 1987E was detected April 24, 1987 with a magnitude of 15.65. A follow-up study failed to detect this event, so it may have been the result of gravitational lensing.
 * SN 1999gs was detected on December 28, 1999 with a magnitude of 19.3. It was positioned $2.5 arcminute$ west and $3 arcsecond$ south of the nucleus of NGC 4725.
 * On automated images taken July 5, 2016, a magnitude 17.0 transient source was discovered at an angular separation of $105 arcsecond$ from the galactic nucleus. Designated ASASSN-16gu (AT 2016cyu), this was most likely a supernova event. It had an estimated absolute visual magnitude of –13.6.

title: NGC 4725


text: Category:Entomologists by nationality

title: Category:Entomologists by nationality


text:
Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi

Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi is a 1 January 1958 Indian musical comedy film directed by Satyen Bose. Starring Madhubala with the Ganguly brothers —Ashok Kumar, Anoop Kumar, and Kishore Kumar— the film revolves around a middle-aged man who resents women due to some misunderstandings and forbids his younger brothers from marrying.

Expected by Kishore Kumar to flop, Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi opened to major commercial success, eventually becoming the most successful work of Bose and Ganguly brothers, as well as Madhubala's fourth consecutive major hit of 1958, thus solidifying her position as the top female star of the late 1950s and early 1960s.

Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi has received overwhelmingly positive reviews from critics for its comical situations, soundtrack, execution, and performances. Over the years, the film has gained classic status and has also inspired several films including Badhti Ka Naam Dadhi (1974), Saade Maade Teen (2006) and Dilwale (2015). It was ranked #18 in 2003 Outlook Magazine poll of 25 leading Indian Directors for “Best Bollywood Movies of all time”.

Plot
Brothers Brijmohan, Manmohan, and Jagmohan Sharma run a garage. Brijmohan hates women and does not allow any women or pictures of them in his garage unless it is an emergency. One day, while Manmohan is on the night shift, a woman named Renu comes to the garage seeking help as her car breaks down. Renu gets angry at Manmohan because he is sleeping when he is supposed to be on duty. Manmohan does not like the fact that Renu shouted at him and initially refuses to repair her car, but finally agrees. Manmohan fixes the car, and Renu leaves, forgetting to pay Manmohan for his services. He tells his brother Brijmohan about this and realizes that Renu forgot her purse in the garage. Manmohan goes through it and finds a pass to a concert. Manmohan goes to this concert to recover his money. When Manmohan reaches the venue, he is not allowed to enter as the pass has Renu's name on it. Not wanting to let go of his money, Manmohan waits in Renu's car to meet her when she comes out. He, however, falls asleep and Renu does not notice him; she drives home and parks in her garage with Manmohan in the car. When Manmohan wakes up, he gets hungry and looks for some food in Renu's garage. A servant in the house sees this and chases Manmohan, who manages to escape. On his way home, he notices a few men dumping a corpse on the road and fleeing. When he tells his brothers about his night the next morning, they have a hearty laugh at his expense.

Later, Renu calls the garage asking for help with her car and assuring she will pay back her fees. Manmohan refuses to go to her house, fearing that he will be recognized by Renu's servant and will get into trouble; Jagmohan decides to go. Jagmohan meets Sheela in Renu's house and the two start talking. Jagmohan is, however, afraid of women. He gets nervous because Sheela is around and cannot repair the car. After Jagmohan takes off (not before drinking 10 glasses of water due to anxiety), Renu decides to call Manmohan. Meanwhile, Renu's father is approached by Raja Hardayal Singh, who wants to get his younger brother married to Renu. Renu's father decides to talk to Renu about this, not knowing that Raja Hardayal and his brother are crooks – Manmohan saw Raja Hardayal's brother dump the corpse.

As Renu is falling for Manmohan and the crooks desperately want her inheritance, Renu and Manmohan are captured by Hardayal's men. In captivity, they meet Kamini, the woman whose photo Renu had found in Brijmohan's room. Brijmohan and Kamini were in love, but she was married off to Raja Hardayal. Brijmohan is under the impression that she dumped him for a richer man; as a result, he decides that he never wants to associate with women again. Kamini tries to free Renu and Manmohan, but a guard enters. Kamini, however, can escape and goes looking for Brijmohan. Meanwhile, Raja Hardyal Singh captures Renu's father and forces him to get Renu married to his brother, threatening to kill Manmohan if he doesn't. Before Raja Hardayal Singh has his way, Brijmohan is brought to the scene by Kamini. Brijmohan, who is a boxing champion, fights Raja Hardyal Singh's men with the help of his two brothers. In the end, Brijmohan and his brothers are victorious. Manmohan and Renu decide to get married. So do Brijmohan and Kamini, and Jagmohan and Sheila.

Cast

 * Ashok Kumar as Brijmohan Sharma
 * Madhubala as Renu
 * Anoop Kumar as Jagmohan "Jaggu" Sharma
 * Kishore Kumar as Manmohan "Manu" Sharma
 * Sahira as Sheela
 * Veena as Kamini
 * K.N. Singh as Raja Hardayal Singh
 * Mohan Choti as Maujiya
 * Sajjan as Prakashchand
 * Helen as Dancer
 * Cuckoo as Dancer
 * Minhaj Ansari as Dancer
 * Asit Sen as a jewelry shop owner Lalchand (the dead man)
 * S N Bannerjee as Renu's father

Production
On the sets of Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi, Madhubala rekindled a friendship with Kishore Kumar, her childhood playmate, and friend Ruma Guha Thakurta's ex-husband. Following a two-year-long courtship, Madhubala married Kishore in court on 16 October 1960.

Kishore Kumar made Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi, hoping it would fail commercially; he wanted to show losses in his income, and thus avoid paying a huge income tax to the authorities. To his disgust, the film became a success; as he did not want to add to his earnings, he gave Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi and all its rights to his secretary Anoop Sharma, who retained the copyright. The income tax case on Kishore Kumar was not solved even after forty years.

Soundtrack
The music is composed by S. D. Burman with Jaidev and his son, R. D. Burman as the assistant music composers, and lyrics by Majrooh Sultanpuri. The songs "Hum The Woh Thi" and "Ek Ladki Bheegi Bhaagi Si" were based on Tennessee Ernie Ford's "The Watermelon Song" and Merle Travis's "Sixteen Tons" respectively.

The soundtrack was popular with the audience, and was placed at #51 in Film Companion's list "Top 100 Bollywood albums".

The song "Ek Ladki Bheegi Bhaagi Si" was listed among the Top 25 Rain Songs of Bollywood by Rediff.

Box office
Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi, the second highest-grossing Indian film of 1958, grossed ₹2.5 crore, including a nett of ₹1.25 crore at the box office. Adjusted for inflation, its gross was equivalent to about ₹485 crores in 2016, and it remains one of the highest-grossing Indian films in the history (when adjusted for inflation).

Critical reception
Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi has received overwhelmingly positive reviews from modern-day critics. Author Dinesh Raheja, writing for Rediff.com, said that "if the best screwball comedies are those that continue to connect even with the modern generation, this fifties jest-setter is the sure shot winner." He also commented favorably on Madhubala and Kishore Kumar's chemistry, adding that Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi was the finest of the five films they made together.

Sandipan Deb of Mint called it "best Hindi movie ever made", noting its treatment of female characters:

"What is not often mentioned about Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi is its portrayal of women. Madhubala's character is that of a remarkably liberated woman, driving her car and determined to be in charge of her life in a male-dominated world. [...] Anoop Kumar's beloved runs a petrol pump. Ashok Kumar's former girlfriend was forcibly married off, but he does not think twice about taking her back when they meet 10 years later. I cannot think of another Hindi film from the 1950s (or even 1960s or 1970s, in fact) that treats women so equally as men, and in which all the male protagonists are less chauvinistic."

Remakes

 * Saade Maade Teen (2007), Marathi film
 * Dilwale (2015)

title: Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi


text: User talk:194.146.154.3

title: User talk:194.146.154.3


text:
Canadian Television Fund

The Canadian Television Fund (Fonds canadien de télévision), sometimes abbreviated as CTF (FCT), supported the production and broadcast of Canadian television programs. A non-profit corporation operating as a public-private partnership, the CTF was financed by contributions from the Government of Canada through the Department of Canadian Heritage and the Canadian cable and direct-to-home satellite industries.

The CTF developed and implemented policies to offer financial contributions to Canadian producers through specific program funding streams. File administration of these programs was contracted to the Television Business Unit at Telefilm Canada.

On 1 April 2010, the Canadian Television Fund merged with the Canada New Media Fund and formed the Canada Media Fund.

Responsibilities
The Department of Canadian Heritage sets out objectives for the CTF within a Contribution Agreement. The main goal of the CTF is to support the creation and broadcast in peak viewing hours of high-quality Canadian television programs in both official languages in the genres of Drama, Children's and Youth, Documentary, and Variety and Performing Arts, and to build audiences for these programs.

The CTF must also:

 * Allocate one-third of its resources to French-language programming and two-thirds to English-language programming
 * Support the production of Aboriginal-language programming;
 * Encourage production by majority and minority official-language sectors
 * Provide incentives for regionally based productions
 * Set aside an envelope to support French-language productions from producers outside of Quebec
 * Implement a mechanism that enhances access to the CTF by programs supported by educational broadcasters
 * Provide developmental support, including script and pilot development
 * Allocate an envelope for programs licensed by CBC/Radio-Canada
 * Ensure appropriate levels of market access for broadcaster-affiliated production companies and independent production companies, with no competitive advantage in French or English broadcast markets
 * Support language versioning and subtitling

The CTF provides financing for the development, production and broadcast of Canadian-made programming in French, English and Aboriginal languages in the following genres: Drama, Children's and Youth, Documentary, and Variety and Performing Arts. The CTF provides four types of contributions to projects: repayable advances (development); grants (versioning); licence fee top-ups (production); and equity investments (production).

The CTF makes financial contributions through five funding streams: Broadcaster Performance Envelopes, Development, French-language Projects Outside Quebec, Aboriginal-language Projects, and Versioning Assistance.

Eligible projects must meet the following four Essential Requirements (4ER) before they can be submitted for consideration to any stream of funding (with the exception of 2ER documentaries):

 * The project speaks to Canadians about and reflects Canadian themes and subject matter.
 * The project will be certified by the Canadian Audio-Visual Certification Office (CAVCO) and has achieved 10/10 points (or the maximum number of points appropriate to the project), as determined by the CTF using the CAVCO scale.
 * Underlying rights are owned and significantly and meaningfully developed by Canadians.
 * The project is shot and primarily set in Canada.

The level of the CTF's contribution to a production varies by genre, language and the stream of funding through which the contribution is obtained. Each funding stream may provide a mix of licence fee top-ups and equity investments, according to a set formula.

NB: Some contributions may take forms other than equity or licence fee top-up, such as grants or advances.

Timeline
In 1994, the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) proposed establishing a funding initiative that would focus on facilitating the production and broadcast of high-quality Canadian television programs in under-represented categories during peak viewing periods. Its revenues were to come from contributions by broadcasting distribution undertakings (i.e., cable and direct-to-home satellite providers) at a certain percentage of their revenues. What follows is a brief history of the Canadian Television Fund (CTF):

In 1995, the CRTC establishes the Cable Production Fund (CPF). Their goal was to facilitate the production and broadcast of high-quality Canadian television programs in under-represented categories during peak viewing periods.

In 1996, the Department of Canadian Heritage invites the CPF to join it in a redefined public-private partnership in conjunction with Telefilm Canada's Broadcast Development Production Fund. As a result, the CPF were hereby renamed the Canada Television and Cable Production Fund (CTCPF). Regulatory framework changes were made in 1997 and 1998 respectively, and as a result, the CTCPF were once more hereby renamed the Canadian Television Fund (CTF).

2005 saw the beginning of a transition and establishment of a new relationship with Telefilm Canada. Telefilm Canada becomes responsible for the administration of CTF files, while the CTF continues to lead the development of strategic policy and program guidelines, research and to report on audiences and funding results.

The CTF receives its funding from two primary sources: the Department of Canadian Heritage and broadcasting distribution undertakings (BDUs). In addition, the CTF receives revenue from recoupment on production investments made through its Equity Investment Program. Under licence agreements with the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission, BDUs are required to contribute up to 5% of their gross broadcasting revenue to Canadian programming, with 1.5% to 5% to be contributed to production funds. Of the total contributions to production funds, at least 80% must be directed to the CTF.

By fostering the growth of television production in Canada through financial investment and industry research, the CTF supports the development of Canadian talent, programs and audiences. Since 1995, the CTF has contributed to the creation of over 25,000 hours of Canadian programming and has infused over $2.5 billion into the industry, triggering the production of over $8 billion of Canadian programming. CTF-supported productions have cultivated thousands of jobs in the Canadian television sector.

On December 20, 2006, Jim Shaw, CEO of Shaw Communications Inc. informed the Canadian Television Fund that he would be pulling approximately $56 million per year out of the fund.1 The move was later followed by Vidéotron (a subsidiary of Quebecor Inc.) who announced their plans to withdraw their contributions on January 23, 2007.2

On July 20, 2007, Keith Mahar, a former manager at broadcaster CHUM Limited, submitted a report to the CRTC, entitled Profiteering in the Name of Culture, respecting the Canadian Television Fund. The submission recommends a judicial review of alleged CRTC corruption related to the Fund which he contends has unjustly enriched cable companies. As per Mr. Mahar, Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) regulations, cable and satellite television distributors in Canada are required to contribute 5% of their revenue to the fund, which the companies can pass on to their customers in the form of inflated rates service. Since such consumer costs are embedded in their fees for service, consumers are subject to pay the 5% levy plus P.S.T. and G.S.T. on the cost of the company subsidy program. A copy of the submission is posted on the CRTC public file. On February 7, 2008, Mahar issued a press release covered by Reuters  which was critical of Prime Minister Stephen Harper for his alleged failure to act on information respecting related activities by the CRTC and corporations in the affair.

title: Canadian Television Fund


text:
Wittiza

Wittiza (Witiza, Witica, Witicha, Vitiza, or Witiges; c. 687 – probably 710) was the Visigothic King of Hispania from 694 until his death, co-ruling with his father, Egica, until 702 or 703.

Joint rule
Early in his reign, Egica made it clear that his intention was to secure his family in a position of power from which they could not be removed. Based on a charter dated to Egica's seventh year (November 693 to November 694) which mentions Wittiza as co-king, it is probable that Wittiza was made co-ruler in 694, even though the Chronicle of 754 places the event in 698. Numismatic analysis of coinage types also supports the thesis that Wittiza ruled from 694. The raising of Wittiza to the kingship coincided with the revolt of Suniefred and may have been either its cause or effect.

On 15 or 24 November 700, Wittiza was anointed king; this forms the last entry in the Chronica Regum Visigothorum, a Visigothic regnal list. The delay between his appointment as co-regent and his unction, to which much importance was ascribed, is most probably explained by his coming of age, likely fourteen, in that year. Wittiza was Egica's son by Cixilo, daughter of the previous king Erwig, who was dismissed by her husband in late 687 after a short marriage and thus puts a limit on the possible date of birth of Wittiza.

Sometime during the joint reign of Egica and Wittiza, a Byzantine fleet raided the coasts of southern Hispania and was driven off by Theudimer. The dating of this event is disputed: it may have occurred as part of Leontios' expedition to relieve Carthage in 697, (better citation needed) perhaps later, around 702, or perhaps late in Wittiza's reign. A plague broke out at Constantinople in 698 and it spread westward across the Mediterranean reaching Hispania in 701. It was severe enough to force the two kings from their capital of Toledo and it might be that this was the period when Wittiza was sent by his father to rule in Tui in Gallaecia over the regnum Suevorum, an event recorded by the Chronicle of Alfonso III. Although often dismissed by scholars, there is numismatic evidence that suggests Wittiza's subkingdom was a reality.

Sole rule
The death of Egica can be dated to 702 (traditionally) or 703 (based on the fact that Egica promulgated a law in his sixteenth year, which began on 24 November 702).

Concessions upon succession
Soon after his death, the Eighteenth Council of Toledo was held under the supervision of Wittiza and the archbishop of Toledo, either Gunderic or Sindered. The acts of the council are lost to us, but may have been highly controversial, leading to their suppression. Wittiza may have forced the council to force marriage upon the Catholic clergy. There is a reference in the Chronicle of 754 to Wittiza commanding Sindered to exert pressure on the established clergy, but what exactly this means is unknown. It may mean that he pressured the Eighteenth Council to ratify the decision of the Quinisext Council that clerical marriage was permissible: according to the Chronicle of Alfonso III, Fruela I of Asturias (757–68) reversed this ruling. The collective sense is that Wittiza made an effort to reform corruptions in the Visigothic Catholic church.

Of Wittiza's early acts after his father's demise was the rescission of the exile of several noblemen. He returned their slaves and confiscated property, and reinstated them in their palatine offices. Wittiza also had the cautiones written against them burned publicly. The cautiones were probably pledges, cessions, or confessions the exiles had been forced to sign; or statements of debt to the treasury. Wittiza also returned land which his family was holding to the royal fisc in accordance with the law. All this activity was probably a response to complaints made about his father's rule and which he considered politically wise to correct. The Chronicle of 754 calls Wittiza "merciful", and only criticizes the method of his succession, probably in reference to these events and to the hated Egica.

Legislation
During his years of sole government, Wittiza promulgated two new laws and issued a revised version of the Liber Iudiciorum. This reissue, too, may be related to the political situation following Egica's death and Wittiza's need to consolidate his authority and the support of the nobility and the clergy.

Though he himself passed no legislation further oppressing the Jews, Wittiza also probably did not repeal the legislation of his father in that regard. A thirteenth-century chronicle by Lucas of Tuy accuses Wittiza of relieving the oppression of the Jews and being eager for their support in an attempt to smear him as a "Jew-lover." The accuracy of Lucas' statement, despite the lateness of it, has been bolstered by the fact that Lucas was from Tui, the Galician city whereat Wittiza probably ruled as sub-king under his father at one point. Perhaps the people of Tui preserved an oral tradition or perhaps the canons of XVIII Toledo were available to Lucas.

A law sometimes attributed to Egica which prescribes the caldaria (ordeal of boiling water) for those accused of theft no matter how small the sum has been attributed to Wittiza by some.

Death, succession crisis and legacy
The date of Wittiza's death and the end of his reign are unknown. The several surviving regnal lists imply a death year of 710 (sometimes with a death month of February ) while the Chronicle of 754 implies 711. Whatever the case, the Chronicle strongly implies that he was assassinated in a coup led by Roderic with the support of a faction of nobles. Others believe he died a natural death. At the time, the king was still only in his twenties.

After his death, natural or forced, or deposition, Hispania was divided between rival claimants: Roderic in the south and Achila II in the north. Agila may have been a son of Wittiza's and a co-monarch (from about 708), but this would require that he be either a child king or that Wittiza not be the son of Cixilo. Others say Wittiza left two sons not yet of age. At the time of his death, "he was beloved in the highest degree by the people and equally hated by the priesthood."

Whatever the actual circumstances surrounding the end of Wittiza's reign, memory of him was not positive a century and a half later. The Chronicle of Moissac, circa 818, wrote that Witicha deditus in feminis exemplo suo sacerdote ac populum luxuriose vivere docuit, irritans furorem Domini: "Wittiza left a poor example to his clergy and his people by his unchaste life, thus provoking the fury of the Lord." The Chronicle of Alfonso III mentions his many wives and mistresses and how he brought "ruin to Hispania", while the Chronicle of 754, written less than a half century after his death, records that he brought "joy and prosperity" to the kingdom.

The "sons of Wittiza", who are otherwise unknown, are made out by the Chronicle of Alfonso III to be traitors who helped deliver Hispania to the Moors. Oppa, a shadowy but historical figure, is reputed to have been either a brother, half-brother, or a son of Wittiza, though the latter is impossible based simply on Wittiza's youthfulness and Oppa's reputed age in 711. According to the Rotensis version of the Chronicle of Alfonso III, Wittiza had three sons: Olmund [ ca], Romulus, and Ardabast (Artabasdus), who became Count of the Christians of Coimbra. Olmund is a Gothic name, Romulus is Roman, and Ardabast (Artavasdes) is Persian (through Armenian).

Olmund's daughter, Sara al-Qutiyya, and her brothers had their lands appropriated in the succession crisis, by their uncle Ardabast. She travelled to Damascus to petition Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik for their return, which he then ordered.

Legend
According to American writer and historian Washington Irving, in the first part of his 1835 Legends of the Conquest of Spain, Wittiza's reign initially showed great promise. "He redressed grievances, moderated the tributes of his subjects, and conducted himself with mingled mildness and energy in the administration of the laws." However, the honeymoon lasted only a short while. Soon Wittiza "showed himself in his true nature, cruel and luxurious."

Coming to doubt the security of his throne, he ended the careers of two relatives regarded as rivals: Favila, Duke of Cantabria, and Theodofred, duke of Córdoba, who lived in retirement at court. Wittiza had Favila killed and Theodofred blinded then imprisoned in the Córdoba dungeon. The son of Favila, who we are told was Pelayo, happened to be elsewhere at the time and was thus spared for the major role he would later play in history. The son of Theodofred was Roderic, duke of Baetica, who escaped to Italy.

At last feeling safe, the king "gave reins to his licentious passions, and soon, by his tyranny and sensuality, acquired the appellation of Witiza the Wicked." Specifically, using secret orders he demolished castles that he feared could be used by future internal enemies, oblivious to the possibility that he was weakening the kingdom's defenses against foreign invaders. And at court, inspired by the custom of Muslim rulers, he "indulged in a plurality of wives and concubines, encouraging his subjects to do the same."

In later times such stories were told of Wittiza because, in opposition to the policies of the Church hierarchy, he had been lenient toward the Jews and had encouraged the clergy to marry. Therefore, when the kingdom met sudden ruin in the first year of his successor Roderic (a favorite of the Church), this was readily explained by alleging that the sins of Wittiza "had drawn down the wrath of Heaven upon the unhappy nation."

As the story goes, it was in an attempt to save Hispania from such divine punishment that the exiled Roderic returned from Italy with an army. Wittiza was soon defeated in the field and taken captive. Roderic was then crowned king at Toledo, after which he avenged his father by having Wittiza blinded and imprisoned at Córdoba. There the former king "passed the brief remnant of his days in perpetual darkness, a prey to wretchedness and remorse."

title: Wittiza


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John J. Garland

John James Garland (September 15, 1873 —March 9, 1925 ) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1914 to 1915, as a member of the Conservative Party.

Garland was born in Bell’s Corners, Ontario, the son of Absalom Garland, of Irish descent, and Isabelle Foster, and was educated in Ottawa, Ontario. He moved to Portage le Prairie in Manitoba in 1892, where he worked as a clerk and then manager in a retail business operated by his uncle, William Garland. He later became a partner and then took over ownership of the business after his uncle's death. Garland served as mayor of Portage la Prairie for two years, and was a city alderman for a further eight. He also was president of the local Board of Trade. In 1898, Garland married Kathleen Fox. In religion, he was a member of the Church of England.

He was elected to the Manitoba legislature in the 1914 provincial election, defeated Liberal candidate Charles D. McPherson by ten votes in the constituency of Lakeside. The Conservatives won a majority government, and Garland served as a backbench supporter of Rodmond Roblin's administration.

In 1915, the Roblin administration was forced to resign from office amid a serious corruption scandal. A new election was called, in which the Liberals won a landslide majority. Garland lost to Mcpherson by 163 votes.

He died in Portage la Prairie at the age of 51.

title: John J. Garland


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Adam J. Pearce

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. --Tony Sidaway Talk 08:36, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

Adam J. Pearce
I would not expect to find his entry in any encyclopedia pertaining to any degree of completeness. Cdyson37 00:09, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, non-notable, non-encyclopedic. His notability rests on whether a)he has standalone note or b)the publication he writes for is so notable for his column specifically that he is notable just by writing it. His name alone, gets only 7 Google hits, only 1 of which is relevant and another 2 come from Wikipedia. His name with his publication gets a single hit. The Alexa rank of the website for the magazine is too low to register. The publication name gets about 380 useful Googles (i.e. those exclusing repetitive mentions). Whichever way you spin those numbers, he's non-notable (and so is the publication). -Splash 00:42, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-notable. *drew 02:11, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, columnist for magazine with twice as many "useful googles" as wikipedia. Kappa 02:25, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Non-notable. Amren (talk) 04:21, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unless the magazine can be proven to be something besides a rag designed to sell DVDs. Paul Klenk 05:46, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Per Drew Karmafist 16:33, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - per nominator. FCYTravis 19:10, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * delete nn person --TimPope 19:18, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete KHM03 21:01, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Joint Research Centre

The Joint Research Centre (JRC) is the European Commission's science and knowledge service which employs scientists to carry out research in order to provide independent scientific advice and support to European Union (EU) policy.

Leadership
The JRC is a directorate-general of the European Commission under the responsibility of Iliana Ivanova, the European Commissioner for Innovation, Research, Culture, Education and Youth. The current director-general of the JRC is Stephen Quest, who took office in 2020, succeeding Vladimír Šucha. Its Board of Governors assists and advises the director-general on matters relating to the role and the scientific, technical and financial management of the JRC.

Structure
Composed of strategy and coordination, knowledge production, knowledge management and support directorates, the JRC is spread across six sites in five EU countries: in Belgium (Brussels and Geel), Germany (Karlsruhe, Institute for Transuranium Elements), Italy (Ispra), the Netherlands (Petten), and Spain (Seville). Their responsibilities are:

 * to create, manage and make sense of knowledge to support European policies with independent evidence
 * to develop innovative tools and make them available to policymakers
 * to anticipate emerging issues that need to be addressed at EU level and understand policy environments
 * to share know-how with EU countries, the scientific community and international partners
 * to contribute to the overall objective of Horizon 2020
 * to conduct Euratom-funded research on nuclear safety and security to contribute to the transition to a carbon-free economy.

A portion of the budget of the EU under the Framework Programme is allocated directly to the JRC.

History
The Italian Centre in Ispra originally belonged to the Comitato Nazionale per l'Energia Nucleare (CNEN) and was officially transferred to the Community on 1 March 1961. Since 1973, non-nuclear research evolved rapidly, especially in topics related to safety and the environment. After 16 years of research, the nuclear reactor at JRC Ispra was shut down in 1983.

At the beginning of the 1980s, a re-examination of the mandate and evaluation of the activities of the JRC began. Future activities were to continue to support the commission's implementations of Community policies. In 1987, journalist Richard L. Hudson published an article on the home page on The Wall Street Journal, which featured the opinions of a remote sensing expert employed at JRC, along with some insights drawn from an external report commissioned by the Directorate-General. These opinions where combined to express deep concern about the center's state at the time, describing it as a disaster hindered by dysfunctional bureaucratic constraints. The then JRC director of projects, Raymond Klersy, criticized the article, claiming they were biased and incomplete in their representation of the situation.

In 1992, the results of a study led to a proposal to convert the JRC Ispra site into an environmentally-optimised model site; the "ECO Centre". The JRC employs around 2787 staff with an annual budget of 372,5 million euros for 2017.

Science areas
The JRC research activities are clustered into ten science areas:

 * 1) Agriculture and food security
 * 2) Economic and Monetary Union
 * 3) Energy and transport
 * 4) Environment and climate change
 * 5) Health and consumer protection
 * 6) Information Society
 * 7) Innovation and growth
 * 8) Nuclear safety and security
 * 9) Safety and Security
 * 10) Standards

title: Joint Research Centre


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Silver Lode (film)

Silver Lode is a 1954 American Technicolor Western film directed by Allan Dwan and starring John Payne, Lizabeth Scott and Dan Duryea.

Plot
The film, with a similar plot to High Noon, tells the story of Dan Ballard (John Payne) and Rose Evans (Lizabeth Scott), who are about to be married on the Fourth of July when Marshal Fred McCarty (Dan Duryea) and his deputies ride into town looking for Ballard. McCarty accuses Ballard of having murdered his brother and has come to arrest him.

At first, the townspeople are on Ballard's side, but gradually they turn against him, especially when they believe that he has killed the town sheriff (Emile Meyer). Ballard tries to prove his innocence and expose McCarty.

Cast

 * John Payne as Dan Ballard
 * Lizabeth Scott as Rose Evans
 * Dan Duryea as Fred McCarty
 * Dolores Moran as Dolly
 * Emile Meyer as Sheriff Wooley
 * Robert Warwick as Judge Cranston
 * John Hudson as Michael 'Mitch' Evans
 * Harry Carey Jr. as Johnson
 * Alan Hale Jr. as Kirk
 * Stuart Whitman as Wickers
 * Frank Sully as Paul Herbert, Telegrapher
 * Morris Ankrum as Zachary Evans
 * Hugh Sanders as Reverend Field
 * Florence Auer as Mrs. Elmwood
 * Roy Gordon as Dr. Elmwood

Review
In its review, the New York Times wrote, "The script by Karen De Wolfe was a complete misfire."

title: Silver Lode (film)


text:
Category talk:Portuguese explorers

Fernão Mendes Pinto
Just to state that Fernão Mendes Pinto is nominated for Biography Collaboration of the Week. If you want, go there and vote. Thanks. Gameiro 00:10, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

I would propose adding the name Joao Afonso de Aveiro to this list. Grandcross (talk) 22:31, 6 July 2008 (UTC)grandcross

I don't understand why Joao Afonso de Aveiro's name has been removed from the list of Portuguese explorers. I had intended writing about him and now see he is no longer listed. What's going on here? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Grandcross (talk • contribs) 03:24, 23 August 2009 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Portuguese explorers


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Hepatoblastoma

Hepatoblastoma is a malignant liver cancer occurring in infants and children and composed of tissue resembling fetal liver cells, mature liver cells, or bile duct cells. They usually present with an abdominal mass. The disease is most commonly diagnosed during a child's first three years of life. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels are commonly elevated, but when AFP is not elevated at diagnosis the prognosis is poor.

Signs and symptoms
Patients are usually asymptomatic at diagnosis. As a result, disease is often advanced at diagnosis.

Pathophysiology
Hepatoblastomas originate from immature liver precursor cells, are typically unifocal, affect the right lobe of the liver more often than the left lobe, and can metastasize. They are categorized into two types: "Epithelial Type" and "Mixed Epithelial / Mesenchymal Type."

Individuals with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), a syndrome of early-onset colonic polyps and adenocarcinoma, frequently develop hepatoblastomas. Also, beta-catenin mutations have been shown to be common in sporadic hepatoblastomas, occurring in as many as 67% of patients.

Recently, other components of the Wnt signaling pathway have also demonstrated a likely role in constitutive activation of this pathway in the causation of hepatoblastoma. Accumulating evidence suggests that hepatoblastoma is derived from a pluripotent stem cell.

Syndromes with an increased incidence of hepatoblastoma include Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome, trisomy 18, trisomy 21, Acardi syndrome, Li–Fraumeni syndrome, Goldenhar syndrome, von Gierke disease, and familial adenomatous polyposis.

Diagnosis
The most common method of testing for hepatoblastoma is a blood test checking the alpha-fetoprotein level. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is used as a biomarker to help determine the presence of liver cancer in children. At birth, infants have relatively high levels of AFP, which fall to normal adult levels by the second year of life. The normal level for AFP in children has been reported as lower than 50 nanograms per milliliter (ng/ml) and 10 ng/ml in adults. An AFP level greater than 500 ng/ml is a significant indicator of hepatoblastoma. AFP is also used as an indicator of treatment success. If treatments are successful in removing the cancer, the AFP level is expected to return to normal.

Treatment
Surgical removal of the tumor, neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to tumor removal, and liver transplantation have been used to treat these cancers. Primary liver transplantation provides high, long term, disease-free survival rate in the range of 80%, in cases of complete tumor removal and adjuvant chemotherapy survival rates approach 100%. The presence of metastases is the strongest predictor of a poor prognosis.

title: Hepatoblastoma


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Category talk:Portuguese writers

=Biography Collaboration== Just to sate that Fernão Mendes Pinto is nominated for Biography Collaboration of the Week. If you want, go there and vote for it. Thanks. Gameiro 00:11, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Portuguese writers


text: File:Silver Lode.jpg

title: File:Silver Lode.jpg