text:
User talk:Sam Hocevar/archive1

Welcome to Wikipedia
Hello there Sam, welcome to Wikipedia! I hope you like the place and decide to stay. If you ever need editing help visit How does one edit a page or how to format them visit our manual of style. Experiment at Sandbox. If you need pointers on how we title pages visit Naming conventions. If you have any other questions about the project then check out Help or add a question to the Village pump. Romanm 08:17, 24 Jun 2004 (UTC)

BTW, do you happen to have Slovenian ancestors? Your surname looks similar to Hočevar, which is quite common around here. --Romanm 08:19, 24 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * Yes, my father's father was born in Trzic, before emigrating to France. Although I spent some time in Bled during the holidays every now and then, I never met my possible Slovenian family. --Sam Hocevar 16:44, 24 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Thanks for catching a couple of my typos! I have a tendency to write it’s when I mean its :-) Nicholas 01:17, 13 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Thanks for catching all the Xth/Xrd mistakes in the Congressional tables. I copied from one template which had the errors, and didn't catch it until I was several states in. Thanks! :) --Golbez 21:25, Oct 13, 2004 (UTC)

You should realize that some people purposeley leave grammatical mistakes so that others will fix them and add more information. ;-) Thanks for correcting some of mine. --Macrowiz 21:50, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Spelling checker
I admit, my impulse was also to fix the "it's" in the poem in the spelling checker article, but this is in fact an intentional error, demonstrating a very common homonym error. Derrick Coetzee 18:22, 17 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Sorry for this one; I sometimes do these it's/its checks when terribly tired, and I missed the context of this one. Sam Hocevar 21:55, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)

it's v. it is
Thank you for the corrections of my its/it's. Wikipedia recoments the removal of all contractions: Manual of Style, so you might want to change all instances to "it is". Now it is time to take my own advice. Cacophony 21:34, 17 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * This is something I am seriously considering, because otherwise every single "it's" would have to be checked again, and there are more than 8,000 articles matching this contraction. --Sam Hocevar 21:54, 17 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Afterlife
Thanks, Sam, for your contributions to afterlife. I'm not sure they fit very well where you placed them. I'm going to leave them for a while for you to fix (though another editor may revert them). Can you consider carefully the purpose and organization of the article and how you can contribute to its being a respectable encyclopedia article? Tom - Talk 21:22, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Hi Tom, I think you messaged the wrong person about the Afterlife article. My only contribution to it was an "a" changed to an "an". :-) Sam Hocevar 22:05, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)

GNAA Popeye
''Hi Paul. After receiving no answer from Silsor and being quite rudely ignored by Arminius about the permanent blocking of GNAA Popeye, I have eventually written this RFC. I hope Silsor will not consider this a personal attack, but it seems like the only way to get the questions answered. Since your questions to Silsor were unanswered as well, I was wondering whether you would consider certifying the RFC? Of course I would understand if you preferred not to be involved, or if you did not feel that strongly about the issue. Thanks. Sam Hocevar 03:16, 14 Nov 2004 (UTC)''

 * Hi Sam. I'm not sure yet exactly what involvement I want to have in all this. I do think the issue of possible abuse of administrator blocking powers is an important and serious matter, as well as a possible attempt to stifle unpopular speech. It's also quite easy for me to imagine that GNAA Popeye might have done things which would warrant an indefinite block. I've asked Silsor on his talk page to please explain to me the reasons and grounds for the block. We'll see where that leads. Regards, Paul August 05:40, Nov 14, 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks Paul, Silsor has now answered on the RFC page and I have good hopes that he will answer the real questions. Regards, Sam Hocevar 14:00, 14 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Well, unfortunately I have to withdraw that. Quoting him: I don't feel I need to defend myself any further, as this RFC will be deleted in about 24 hours. Sam Hocevar 13:34, 15 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Silsor's RFC
It had been 48 hours and you were the only user to complain. Before Silsor undeleted the page and removed the first paragraph, it read:
 * In order to remain listed at Requests for comment, at least two people need to show that they tried to resolve a dispute with this sysop and have failed. This must involve the same dispute, not different disputes. The persons complaining must provide evidence of their efforts, and each of them must certify it by signing this page with ~ . If this does not happen within 48 hours of the creation of this dispute page (which was: 02:48, 14 Nov 2004), the page will be deleted. The current date and time is:, 29 July 2024 (UTC).

I was simply performing routing maintenance. Rdsmith4— Dan | Talk 23:43, 16 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Nice profile link.
Not that I hadn't seen Goatse before, but was it really necessary to do it again? It's never an enjoyable sight. --Mr Bound 21:59, Nov 20, 2004 (UTC)
 * I am sorry you clicked on the link. I mean it. It is here for a purpose, but I will eventually remove it, don't worry. --Sam Hocevar 23:30, 20 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * At the very least, I'm going to keep my eye out for URLs titled hello.jpg from now on. Just a little bit surprised, that's mostly it. --Mr Bound 03:23, Nov 21, 2004 (UTC)

What purpose? Theresa Knott (The snott rake) 10:54, 30 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Calming my nerves when someone has enough time to waste to avoid simple questions for 2 months (despite claiming to enjoy controversial topics), anonymously eavesdrop my IRC discussions, insult me on at least three different places (including a discussion page I only saw by chance), make a biased webpage with carefully selected discussion excerpts that make me appear like a conspirator, revert at least six of my attempts to answer the accusations. I'm sorry Mr Bound saw the offensive image, he shouldn't have, I messed up something (fortunately he had seen it before). Sam Hocevar 14:39, 30 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * OK I understand - but it was probably poor judgement never the less. What would have been funnier IMO would be to name the file something like improved-goatse and then had everyone (including silsor) see the mouth image.That way you still have a laugh - without offending anyone by trying to get back at him.(The goatse image isn't all that offensive anyway, it has a yuck factor, as does tubgirl but there are far more shocking images around) Other things you can do wheb you are stressed are try to win Danny's contest, participate in the wikifun pages, help newbies on the help pages or everyone at the reference desk. I find that doing feelgood activities calms me down when someone upsets me. 11:53, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Message from 67.163.34.32
--- Note, feel free to edit, of course: Hey Sam, thanks for fixing my vandalisms... ^^; I had only just discovered the edit button, and was kind of confused as to whether or not it changed it only for me, or for everyone. Sorry. Although I am curious, how did you get both of my random edits? Sorry for having to contact you like this, you can reply to webmaster@gknetworks.net

Thanks, Alex ---

Your work
Hi Sam, I have noticed your name on Wikipedia because of your impressive amount of contributions with fixing spelling, grammar, and similar errors. I have recently started a project which also aims to improve this aspect of Wikipedia: User:Sietse_Snel/Fix_common_mistakes. I thought you might be interested in joining, or maybe you have ideas about ways to improve this project. If you don't feel like joining, maybe we could coordinate our activities a bit so that we are not both trying to fix the same things at the same time. Compliments for your work and best regards, Sietse 14:32, 30 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Hi Sietse, and thanks for pointing me to that page. I was currently fixing duplicates such as and/and and the/the, so I will subscribe and update the page. I'm glad to see I'm not alone! --Sam Hocevar 15:18, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Minor edits
You and the rest of your team have been making excellent and much needed minor edits. In recognition of your dedication, I offer you my sincere gratitude, and this Minor Barnstar. -- User:ClockworkSoul 07:08, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)

hear hear! thanks for fixing all those miscapitalisations of mine (most date from my early days on WP, and I never went back to fix them ) good job! [[User:Dbachmann|dab ( T ) ]] 07:28, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)

The Humungous Image Tagging Project
Hi. You've helped with User:Sietse Snel/Fix common mistakes project, so I thought it worth alerting you to the latest and greatest of Wikipedia fixing project, User:Yann/Untagged Images, which is seeking to put copyright tags on all of the untagged images. There are probably, oh, thirty thousand or so to do (he said, reaching into the air for a large figure). But hey: they're images ... you'll get to see lots of random pretty pictures. That must be better than looking for at at and the the, non? You know you'll love it. best wishes --Tagishsimon (talk)
 * Thanks for the offer, Tagishsimon, but I still have much work to do on common mistakes (I am working on the French wikipedia as well) so I'll stick to that for now. But when I am fed up I promise I'll give your project a try! Also, I have mediocre Internet access and I disable most pictures, so I'd probably miss the only enjoyable part of that job :-) Regards, Sam Hocevar 01:11, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Your contributions to the fixing monnom mistakes project does not go unnoticed, at least by me, but I thought it would be unfair to leave you out. I'm shocked to hear you're doing this from a steam-driven internet connection, though. I trust you're not neglecting your PhD whilst improving the Wiki... --Tagishsimon (talk)

Translation help
As you apparently speak French, could you please take a look at Image:Cathédrale de rouen.jpg? I can't read the copyright info the uploaded put, so I can't tag it. Can you help? Thanks, [[User:Whosyourjudas|Whosyourjudas\talk]] 00:37, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Sure, the licence reads: "Copyleft: this work is free [as in speech], you can redistribute and/or modify it under the terms of the Free Art License." Sam Hocevar 00:49, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)

european and american options
Hi I noticed as part of your regularly scheduled grammar checking you changed a lot of "european"s to "European"s and "american" to "American"s in the vanilla option and option style articles. Those words are not meant in their geographical sense (they have a specialized meaning in finance) and it is correct not to capitalize them. Just letting you know why I reverted you. Thanks. Pcb21| Pete 22:42, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I wondered about these ones because they did not look like the geographical adjectives. However, none of my dictionaries (LDOCE, WordNet, OED) had the lowercase word, so I assumed it was all right to change them. I don't mind the revert if you feel it's better kept uncapitalised. However, you will likely need to revert it again the next time someone goes through uncapitalised occurrences of European and American. --Sam Hocevar 00:13, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC)

fix common mistakes
Sam, the subject line you use for Fix Common Mistakes edits, err, contains a mistake! ... clicking on the link in the edit takes you to a blank page in edit mode, when I suspect you want it to take you here. If that's the case, then the subject line you're looking for is
 * (fix miscapitalisation; please help us fix common mistakes in the article space)

BTW, the User:Sietse Snel/Fix common mistakes seems to me to be over ... so where are you getting the things you're fixing from. I'm a bit confused by this. best wishes --Tagishsimon (talk)

 * Oops, thanks for the warning. I was relentlessly copy/pasting from the wrong line and did not notice it. As for the list I am fixing, it comes from my local dump of the database. User:Sietse_Snel said he would be putting another list online, I will ask him when that will be. --Sam Hocevar 00:20, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC)

The project is not over. I just can't add new entries for the moment. The problem is that my harddisk is full. I don't have enough space to download and extract the database dump of the English wikipedia. I plan to buy a larger harddisk this month, reinstall all the software I use from scratch, and then continue with the project. I think I can put the next entries online in a few weeks (early January).

Thanks for the pointer to the Wikispeling project. It looks fun to me too. I'll certainly contribute (if only a bit). Best regards, Sietse 10:21, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Okay, thanks for the update. I still have a database dump, so I will try to add more to the list. Maybe new double words, I don't know yet. Sam Hocevar 12:02, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC)

polish wiki
Hi, when you add some text to Edit summary field in Polish Wikipedia, there is one small mistake. "drobna poprawka (pisownia)" - this is ok and it's in Polish, but "hjelp Wikispeling" is in Norsk. In Polish it should be "pomóż poprawiać: Wikispeling". Regards --Kotasik 17:34, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Oops, I missed one line in the table! Thanks for warning me. Sam Hocevar 17:37, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Page "Naïve set theory" moved to "Naive set theory"
Hello. I see you moved naive set theory to naïve set theory. I have reverted this move. This has come up before; I gave four reasons for reverting the previous page move on talk:naive set theory dated 2004/08/06. If you wish to pursue this further, please formulate a response on talk:naive set theory. Wile E. Heresiarch 04:32, 27 Dec 2004 (UTC)

"Naive" is not an incorrect spelling
Hello. "Naive" is not incorrect, although neither is naïve, so I won't revert any changes you made, although I think article titles should stick to the regular "naive". This is the English wikipedia, not the French. Revolver 12:07, 27 Dec 2004 (UTC)

On the Total war page you changed the word "naive" in a quote. Unless you have evidence that it is spelt "naïve" in the original, please do not change the spellings of such words in quotes. Philip Baird Shearer 17:56, 27 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Uh? What is the "original" of a spoken statement? Sam Hocevar 20:09, 27 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Lili: I like the spelling "naïve." Thanks.
Although I believe both are correct, I personally prefer the spelling naïve. I'm not sure why I didn't use it in the first place.

Standards! Standards! O tempora, O Moses...

Of course, I've been known to use a circumflex over the O in rôle. And I pronounce the en- in "enclave," "envoy," and "envelope" like the word "on." And I still put the apostrophe in Hallowe'en. So... I'm a dodo, and you probably shouldn't take my opinion too seriously.

But I've finally given up the battle not only on the dieresis in coöperate. Yes-sirree, I can change with the times. Dpbsmith (talk) 14:20, 27 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Refer?
"Referring!" "Referred!" Argh, I can never get that right! I tend to use one 'r' by analogue with "reference". Anyway, thank you very much. - Scooter 03:51, 28 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Your reversion of "Argument from poor design"
Hi; could you explain this revert? You did it manually, which is why I ask; I'm assuming it was a mistake, but thought it best to be sure. Is there something wrong with the text I was restoring? -- Hadal 04:17, 28 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Oops, I'm sorry -- apparently I was reverting the vandalism at the same time and you were faster than me. The text is all right, of course. Sam Hocevar 04:19, 28 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Naïve
Hey, I noticed you fixing the spelling of "naive" on a dozen or so of my pages, and I just wanted to apologise for my incessant misspelling. While my variant is considered acceptable in many circles, I think it does aid pronunciation and I've just been lazy about typing the right key combo. Thanks a lot. Deco 11:24, 28 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Message from 213.23.218.164
hi sam; I changed your Article about history of Azerbaijan; see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safavids and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Persia and can you write me please, what your source for the old text is?..... thanks
 * I am sorry, but I never contributed to these articles, you must have contacted the wrong person about this. Sam Hocevar 12:35, 29 Dec 2004 (UTC)

GNAA on VfD
Hi Sam -- I've been watch you watching over the GNAA VfD thread and wanted to stop by and say thank you. I've become a bit concerned lately over folks playing with the votes. There is a clear display of bias being shown here by several of the admins, unfortunately, what with certain individuals moving votes they don't agree with into a, and I quote, "troll section". I would hope that our fellow Wikipedians, arbitrators and admins could display a higher level of objectivity than that. Thanks again... —RaD Man (talk) 07:11, 29 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Oh. My. GOD. User_talk:Jimbo_Wales

 * You're welcome. Neutrality is probably the most hilarious oxymoron I recently saw. Sam Hocevar 22:51, 29 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Isn't he just? I don't suppose it's ever occurred to him that having his attitude is trolling in itself.Dr Zen 01:26, 30 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Message from jhi
I noticed that I wrongly blamed you in Northern crusades about editing away a couple of (small) sections with a comment "spelling". My bad: it was the edit next to yours that did the removal, not you. Cheers, and keep the Holy Quill of Spelling sharp :-) Jhi 13:42, 12 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Ballanche
Hi Sam -- I'm new to Wikipedia & hope I haven't committed an offensive faux pas by substituting a new article for the long outdated one that you posted from the 11th ed. of the Ency. Brit. on Pierre-Simon Ballanche. Ballanche was scarcely understood at that time and I hope I've given a better sense of his importance. Best, Mark Jensen.
 * That was all right. You are very welcome to improve and update articles. Sam Hocevar 11:02, 19 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Image:L'Origine_du_monde.jpeg
I appreciate your suggestion for the "Did you know"-section, but I'm afraid that the picture you suggested is inappropriate as it would need to be featured on the front page. Thanks again for making the suggestion. :) Mgm|(talk) 09:13, Jan 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * He he, Courbet would have been interested to see what is appropriate for the front page and what is not :-) Do you think it would be OK without the picture? Also, note that the suggestion was not from me; I noticed it was submitted by monitoring "What links here" and I just reworked the sentence. Sam Hocevar 09:28, 19 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 Did you know has been updated and a fact from the article [L'Origine du monde]], which you recently created, has been featured in that section on the Main Page. If you have another interesting fact to submit, then please suggest it at the section's talk page. -- Mgm|(talk) 09:32, Jan 20, 2005 (UTC)

Thank You
Sam, thank you for maling the grammer and spelling corrections 18 of my articles today. You really out did yourself, I would also like to wish you good luck in earning your PhD. Tony the Marine

A thank you
I see that you have edited a couple of my submissions, or at least articles that I have contributed to. Thank you for your corrections to my horrible grammar skills. Best wishes, user: stude62 user talk:stude62 15:30, 23 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Hovercar
Hi- When I glance at your user name it always makes me think of Hover Car (sort of like Luke Sywalker's landspeeder). !     ike9898 19:28, Jan 28, 2005 (UTC)

'Self-deprecation'
...is not a spelling mistake. As per usage note here, 'deprecate' "is now used, almost to the exclusion of depreciate, in the sense "to belittle or mildly disparage"" (which was the intended sense here). Google shows that "self-deprecation" is six times more common than "self-depreciation". --Calair 23:16, 30 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Duh, you are right. I was using WordNet and a few other old dictionaries and none of them had "self-deprecation". Thanks, I will revert these changes. Sam Hocevar 23:44, 30 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Message from Gérard
Hi, Sam. Didn't I meet you on the French Wiki ? Gérard 08:29, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Probably. I do not think we met on our discussion pages, but maybe on the Bistro. It is sad you left us, but I am glad you are still contributing to Wikipedia. Sam Hocevar 16:19, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)

ro: and eo:

 * Halló Sam! Thanks for your contributions at ro: and eo:! Best regards Gangleri, administrator at ro: and eo: Gangleri | [ Th] | T 10:38, 2005 Mar 16 (UTC)

Your vote regarding autofellatio.jpg
Greetings, Sam. I was counting up the votes to see where we currently stand on the vote. I'm having trouble interpreting your vote. You said: "Delete if it's a copyvio. Otherwise, keep until a better illustration can be found." The trouble is, that's a highly contested question. Some claim that the image is absolutely a copyvio; others claim it's not. Images of the same actor performing the same act have been found on pay-sites. But that exact image has not been found. How should I count your vote? As keep or delete? Thanks, – Quadell (talk) (sleuth) 19:11, Mar 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * The results of the vote will undoubtedly be used as an argument against the future addition of any other autofellation picture. I do not want my vote to be interpreted that way, because I support the existence of such a picture on Wikipedia (but I definitely agree the current one is amongst the worst possible). Therefore I would be glad if you counted my vote as keep, because if the question is solely about copyright, it should not be discussed on I&MfD in the first place; we have Possibly unfree images for that. Thanks for asking! Sam Hocevar 19:36, 23 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Vandalism
Someone at Klingon Wikipedia who is obsessed with the Autofellatio picture is trying to frame you and other English Wikipedia administrators. → Jarlaxle Artemis   23:34, Mar 29, 2005 (UTC)

Hi thanks from India
Really great that you came to Ranchi to fix the things. In case, you find time, please also check Bihar Jharkhand Mahabodhi Temple Mica Kings Patna - bye and thanks.--Bhadani 18:18, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Thank you for the correction on the Nortraship article
Hi - thanks a lot for the correction on the Nortraship article. Not that easy for a non-native to always get it right, and its the beauty of Wikipedia that whoever finds the mistake can correct it. Keep up the good work!

Best regards from Moss, Norway Ulflarsen 17:29, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

"Occurred"
Thank you for correcting me on Kajkavian dialect. "Occurred" is one of those mistakes I keep making. I can't manage double letters right. --VKokielov 05:48, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

My Friend Carfellate
I once "auto"fellated my friend Renaldo in the backseat of a 1969 Buick Shot 8--it looked something like that picture, although there was more contorting involved, and Renaldo's ass is still blue. Someone named Simone said, "look at the backyard on that fella!" We didn't really know what he meant; it was our first trip to Georgia. Reeny Bertelsmann popped up and said, "Gee, I hope this doesn't hurt our share differential!" AllenGinsberg 03:52, 2 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Wow, I am glad you took the time to tell me about that. Sam Hocevar 21:01, 2 May 2005 (UTC)

Chess
Hi, I'd just like to let you know that the chess tournament has started. You will play User:Hedley. Look at the rules, decide with your opponent what colour you will play, and then start playing! If you have any questions either ask me or try Wikipedia talk:Chess championship. Good luck! Gkhan 23:58, May 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * I'll let you choose the colours as again it doesn't make any difference to me. Hedley 15:58, 16 May 2005 (UTC)
 * I've realised your on IRC at the moment as 'sam'. I'm on there too on this name, although, a /whois shows you've been idle for some time despite moving not long ago.. Hedley 21:11, 17 May 2005 (UTC)

Sam, How about a little game of chess. H Padleckas 23:09, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Vote for Deletion
Hi; I'm sorry to be bothering you concerning this, but Chess championship is up for a VfD. Votes_for_deletion/Chess_championship Please vote to keep this thing alive... this is so lame that I need to ask people to help out here. Linuxbeak | Desk 03:44, May 19, 2005 (UTC)

Halo 2 map spelling
I can't believe I managed to misspell Asymmetric that many times. Oof. Sockatume 23:41, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

I'm back, sort of
Sam-

Thanks for your support in the past. I'm back, sort of, but not hardcore like I was before.Stude62 18:39, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Quotative evidental mood
Hi, Sam. I ran across this article while random-paging around, and found your name on the edit history of a similar article. Do you know if this is a real grammatical concept? The example, about being "a real bitch," triggered my bogus-alarm. I looked up the author, and it's a proxy, so there are enough good edits in the contribution list so that I don't want to automatically think it's baloney, but enough controversy on the talk page so that I can't just assume it's good, either. Joyous 04:24, Jun 8, 2005 (UTC)

cacaview
Salut, ça ne m'étonne pas de te voir sur Wikipedia tu es vraiment partout !! Avec VLC, libcaca, pwntcha, monsterz et tout ce que tu fais il faudrait carrément faire un article sur toi :) J'avais rajouté cacaview à l'article sur l'ANSI art, mais quelqu'un l'a supprimé en disant que ce n'était pas un viewer ANSI. Tu en penses quoi ?

(message posted by User:Goofduck)

lots of edits, not an admin
Hi - I made a list of users who've been around long enough to have made lots of edits but aren't admins. If you're at all interested in becoming an admin, can you please add an '*' immediately before your name in this list? I've suggested folks nominating someone might want to puruse this list, although there is certainly no guarantee anyone will ever look at it. Thanks. -- Rick Block (talk) 00:34, Jun 25, 2005 (UTC)

Never mind the quantity; feel the amount
SH: I got fed up with the incredible amount of typos and grammar errors

Um, shouldn't that be the incredible quantity...? ;-)

-- Picapica 4 July 2005 21:14 (UTC)

Help desk wikiproject
I have created a new Wikiproject which aims to bring computer veterans and people who need help with software tools they use on Wikipedia together. I'm writing this to you because I saw you on the bot list and wanted to know if you would be willing to help. There is already an open case: WikiProject help desk/20050702 Dmcdevit. The Windows tool that Dmcdevit uses to perform Transwikis has broken since the software upgrade. Triddle July 6, 2005 22:33 (UTC)

User:JacksonBrown
You reverted to a version that breaks the page yet censored his words. Which is the exact opposite to what I have just done. Let him kwwp his "fuck wikipedia" what do we care? But I've fixed his crap css so that it doesn't break the page. Theresa Knott (a tenth stroke) 11:07, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

Godmode-light is borked
I believe Godmode-light may be broken. I haven't had much time to investigate the cause. --Alterego 02:08, July 20, 2005 (UTC)

It's not working for me, either. I'm using Firefox 1.0.4 (lazy, I know; I'll upgrade soon) on Windows XP. Maybe the MediaWiki 1.5 conversion broke it?

Here's an example of what it outputs when I run it:

Please wait, reverting edits by 130.202.10.175... Getting article history... Getting article edit form... GET /w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Sandbox&action=edit&oldid=20283864 undefined

And here's what the JavaScript Console says:

Warning: redeclaration of var t Source File: http://sam.zoy.org/wikipedia/godmode-light.js Line: 330, Column: 10 Source Code: var t = l[i].innerHTML

Error: form has no properties Source File: http://sam.zoy.org/wikipedia/godmode-light.js Line: 263

— Bcat  ( talk •  email ) 20:08, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Any help on this would be really appreciated. It works flawlessly on other wikis such as the French one. I am guessing there is a problem with XMLParse and the page’s encoding, but could not find out what nor find a way to debug it. Sam Hocevar 20:22, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Hey Sam, I think I have isolated the problem. MediaWiki:History copyright contains an extraneous  tag, which makes edit pages of old versions of articles invalid, which breaks the XMLParse function. Of course, I need an admin to fix that message. BTW, I'd like to wish you a (slightly late) happy birthday! —  Bcat  ( talk •  email ) 16:41, 7 August 2005 (UTC)

Aircraft specifications survey
Since you have contributed to aircraft articles, you may be interested in a survey currently underway to help develop a revised version of our standard specifications section. Bobblewik 19:50, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

Birthday
--User:Jenmoa 01:20, 5 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Woah, thanks! At least Jimbo does not get all the attention this week. :-) Sam Hocevar 17:22, 5 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sam Hocevar/archive1


text:
File:LSmagazine.jpg

Live Steam & Outdoor Railroading Magazine, Sept/Oct 2005 issue.

The cover photo on the magazine is by uploader, J-E Nyström, User:Janke

Fair use rationale: A sample illustration of the magazine in article(s) about it.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: File:LSmagazine.jpg


text:
Spremberg

Spremberg (Grodk, ) is a municipality near the Saxon city of Hoyerswerda and is in the Spree-Neiße district of Brandenburg, Germany.

First mentioned in 1301, the town alone has 14,028 inhabitants, and the municipality, including other villages, has 22,456 inhabitants, as of 31 December 2017.

Geography
Spremberg is situated about 20 km (12 miles) south of Cottbus and 25 km (15 miles) north of Hoyerswerda, on an island and on both banks of the river Spree. Between 1871 and 1918 the town was the geographical centre of the German Empire: today, it is only 25 km (15 miles) from the German-Polish border. On 1 January 2016, the former municipality Hornow-Wadelsdorf became part of Spremberg.

Mayors

 * Friedrich Nath (1908–1919)
 * Paul Steffen (1920–1931)
 * Richard Buder (1931–1933)
 * Kurt Kaulbars (1933–1945) NSDAP
 * Rudolf Otto (1944–1945) temporary
 * August Scholta (1945–1945) temporary
 * Richard Buder (1945–1946)
 * Willi Lange (1946–1953)
 * Ruth Kartschall (1953–1961)
 * Herbert Köhler (1961–1965)
 * Günter Frenzel (1965–1975)
 * Lothar Barnowski (1975–1975) temporary
 * Hannelore Neumann (1975–1990) SED
 * Egon Wochatz (1990–2002) CDU
 * Klaus-Peter Schulze (2002–2013) CDU
 * Christine Schönherr (2013–2013) temporary, independent
 * Frank Kulik (2014–2014) temporary, independent
 * Christine Herntier (since 2014), independent

Culture
In 1911 there were Roman Catholic and two Protestant churches and a pilgrimage chapel dating from 1100, there was a ducal chateau built by a son of the elector John George around the end of the 16th century (now used as government offices), and there were classical, technical and commercial schools as well as a hospital.

Schwarze Pumpe
Schwarze Pumpe (Carna Plumpa) is a district of Spremberg, lying approximately 7 km (5 miles) southwest of Spremberg's town centre on the federal state boundary between Brandenburg to Saxony. It had 1886 inhabitants as of 31 December 2017. A large industrial area extending into Saxony and including the site of a large power plant is known by the same name.

On 26 May 2006, construction work started on the world's first -free coal power plant in the Schwarze Pumpe industrial district. The plant is based on a concept called carbon capture and storage, which means that carbon emissions will be captured and compressed to $1/500$th their original volume, liquefying the gas. It will then be forced 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) below the soil into porous rock where it is believed that it will remain for thousands of years without exacerbating global warming. The project, which has cost some 70 million Euros, was funded entirely by the Swedish company Vattenfall AB and went into service on 9 September 2008. The power plant was a pilot project to serve as a prototype for future full-scale power plants. Vattenfall stopped carbon capture R&D at the plant in 2014 because they found that "its costs and the energy it requires make the technology unviable".

Twin towns – sister cities
Spremberg is twinned with:
 * 🇨🇦 Grand Forks, Canada
 * 🇵🇱 Szprotawa, Poland
 * 🇷🇺 Zheleznogorsk, Russia

Notable people

 * Johann Agricola (1530–1590), Protestant theologian
 * Otto Ostrowski (1883–1963), politician (SPD), Lord Mayor of Berlin 1946/1947
 * Erwin Strittmatter (1912–1994), writer
 * Joachim Teege (1925–1969), actor and cabaret artist
 * Dirk Meier (born 1964), cyclist
 * Sebastian Piersig (born 1984), slalom-canoeist
 * Martha Israel (1905–c. 1967), politician (SED, DFD), member of the Volkskammer and the city council

title: Spremberg


text:
Libertad Lamarque

Libertad Lamarque Bouza (24 November 1908 – 12 December 2000) was an Argentine actress and singer, one of the icons of the Golden Age of Argentine and Mexican cinema. She achieved fame throughout Latin America, and became known as "La Novia de América" ("America’s Sweetheart"). By the time she died in 2000, she had appeared in 65 films (21 filmed in Argentina, 45 in Mexico and one in Spain) and six telenovelas, had recorded over 800 songs and had made innumerable theatrical appearances.

Biography
Libertad Lamarque was born in Rosario, Santa Fe Province, Argentina to Gaudencio Lamarque (1874-1947), an Uruguayan of French descent, and a widow of Spanish origin, Josefa Bouza (1863-1932). She was named Libertad (which means "Liberty") because at the time of her birth, her father, an anarchist, was imprisoned and pleading for release.

Early career
At the age of 7, Lamarque won first prize in a stage competition, and participated with a group of street singers that made tours of nearby cities. In 1923, she appeared in her first professional role, the stage show Madre Tierra.

Her local acclaim convinced her parents that the family should relocate to Buenos Aires, where her chances of a career would be better. The family hung their hopes on a letter of introduction from a local journalist to the owner of the National Theatre, Pascual Carcavallo. It proved successful, as in 1926 Libertad was hired to sing in the choir and given a one-year contract. Her debut was in a play called La muchacha de Montmartre (The Girl from Montmartre) by José A. Saldías, where she sang as part of a trio with Olinda Bozán and Antonia Volpe, to the guitar accompaniment of Rafael Iriarte. Within a couple of months, she had begun singing on Radio Prieto, and was signed for record production with Victor Records, which released her first album, Gaucho Sol, on 26 September 1926, as well as the single Chilenito.

In 1929, she began working in Alberto Vaccarezza's, El conventillo de la Paloma ("The Tenement of the Dove"), which was about the life of a girl Doce Pesos, living in an immigrant tenement house. After two years and 1,000 performances, Lamarque quit the show to focus on her music career. She traveled through several provinces of Argentina and through neighboring Paraguay accompanied by three. In 1930, following this tour she entered a competition held at the Teatro Colón in Buenos Aires, won first prize for her performances of the tangos "La cumparsita" and "Tocaneando", and earned the title "Queen of Tango". She capped this cycle by performing Oscar Straus's Tres valses (Three Waltzes), an adaptation of the operetta, with Chilean singer Choly Mur.

In the mid-1930s Lamarque was accompanied by a trio of musicians including bandoneon player Héctor María Artola, violinist Antonio Rodio, and pianist, Alfredo Malerba, who would become her second husband. She shone in works that were painful and romantic, such as En esta tarde gris (In this gray afternoon), Sombras, nada más (Shadows, nothing else), Tristezas de la calle Corrientes (Sorrows of Corrientes Street) or Caserón de tejas (Mansion of Tiles), Canción desesperada (Desperate Song) and Sin palabras (Without words). Many of her best songs were by composer Enrique Santos Discepolo because they particularly suited her style.

She filmed Adiós, Argentina, which was directed by Italian Mario Parpagnoli in 1929, which was released the following year, and the first Argentine film with sound ¡Tango! in 1932, which resulted in her being the first singer to be recorded for a sound film in Argentina. Lamarque was a light soprano with a vocal range from approximately middle C (C4) to "high A" (A5). After ¡Tango!'s release in 1933, a string of films followed, including El alma del bandoneon (1935), Ayúdame a vivir (1936), Besos brujos (1937), La ley que olvidaron (1937), Madreselva (1938), Puerta cerrada (1939), Caminito de la gloria (1939), La casa del recuerdo (1940), Cita en la frontera(1940), Una vez en la vida (1941), Yo conocí a esa mujer (1942), En el viejo Buenos Aires (1942), Eclipse de sol (1942), El fin de la noche (1944), La cabalgata del circo (1945) and many more.

Legendary rift with Eva Perón
Legend has it that Lamarque left Argentina because she had been blacklisted by its First Lady Eva Perón. Marysa Navarro and Nicholas Frasier, authors of Evita: The Real Life of Eva Perón, however, contend this is unlikely. They argue that Lamarque moved to Mexico, where she was adored by the audiences because Mexican cinema was in a better state during the 1940s and 1950s than Argentine cinema. The authors add that Lamarque traveled freely between Argentina and Mexico during the lifetime of Eva Perón and beyond, which does not support the blacklisting legend.

Lamarque denied during her lifetime certain aspects of the legend, especially the reports that she had slapped Eva on the set of La cabalgata del circo. In her 1986 autobiography, she flatly denied the allegations and explained that she was simply mortified by Eva's lack of discipline during production of the film.

According to Lamarque, Eva refused to take her work seriously and always arrived late or stalled the filming for trivial or personal reasons. Complaints to either the producer or the director produced no result as they were giving Eva preferential treatment as the girlfriend of Juan Perón.

By 1946, Eva and Juan Perón were ensconced in the Presidential Palace, rumors circulated that Evita had forbidden radio stations and film studios to play Lamarque's music or hire her, and Lamarque's films, music and publicity in Argentina seemed to have come to an end.

Relocation to Mexico
Between January and February 1946, Lamarque appeared in her first tour of Cuba, which was listed as the artistic event of the season. On 7 January, she debuted in the Teatro América with a varied repertoire, but closed the show with "Facundo" by Cuban composer Eliseo Grenet to much applause. She performed shows daily, sometimes twice a day and on her final performance at Teatro América, 20 January, she held three performances. She performed at Camagüey, Ciego de Ávila, Santa Clara, Holguín, and Santiago de Cuba; visited hospitals and schools; and her farewell performance at the Municipal Amphitheatre of Havana was said to have been attended by 20,000 fans. It was on this trip that the Cuban press first dubbed her "America's Sweetheart."

Just before the Cuban trip, Hollywood had offered Lamarque a seven-year contract but she refused it as she did not speak English and was afraid she would be taken advantage of. Despite her fears of working in the U.S., Lamarque sold out Carnegie Hall for a 1947 performance. When Mexico, on the other hand, offered her a picture deal to appear with legendary Spanish filmmaker Luis Buñuel, she agreed, and moved to Mexico in 1946. The picture, Gran Casino, co-starring Jorge Negrete was a flop, but other roles followed, such as Soledad (1947), La dama del velo (1948), Huellas de un pasado (1950), Mujeres sin lágrimas (1951), Nunca es tarde para amar (1952), Ansiedad (1952), and Rostros olvidados (1952). Some of her best work during this period was in Otra primavera, filmed in 1949, La loca (1951) and Cuando me vaya (1953); for each of these she was nominated for an Ariel Award for Best Actress in 1951, 1953, and 1955, respectively.

Some of her last movies included Bodas de oro (1955), Amor de sombra (1959), Yo pecador (1959), Rosas blancas para mi hermana negra (1969), with Cuban singer Eusebia Cosme and her last two Argentine films, La sonrisa de mamá (1972) and La mamá de la novia (1978). But as she wound down her movie career, she began touring with music again. In the late 1950s, she did a concert tour with Puerto Rican singer Jesús Quiñones Ledesma and worked in Chile, Puerto Rico, Venezuela, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras and returned to Cuba to do theater and record several albums.

She returned to Argentina after Evita's death and was the first person to bring a Spanish version of Hello Dolly to Latin audiences at a 1967 performance at the Teatro Nacional in Buenos Aires, which she also later performed in Mexico in 1968 staged by Manolo Fabregás.

In 1982, she starred in the musical revue, Libertad Lamarque, ¿es una mujer de suerte? at the Teatro Lola Membrives in Buenos Aires. She wrote the script, which was adapted by Nicolás Carreras under the musical direction of Oscar Cardozo Ocampo. In 1988, Lamarque participated in the season at Mar del Plata's Teatro Opera with the musical A todo tango II under the direction of José Colángelo.

In the 1960s she appeared in several episodes of a television show called Saturday Circular with Nicholas Mancera and in 1961, she filmed Así era mi madre, her only Spanish film. Her first venture into soap operas came in Venezuela, when she was offered a role in Esmeralda in 1972. That was followed by another Venezuelan production called Mamá.

In 1980, she began the first of her Mexican telenovelas, Soledad, followed by her role in Carita de Angel at the age of 91 where she played a Mother superior. Her last role, as la abuela Piedad in La Usurpadora (The Usurper) was in 1998 – two years before her death.

Lamarque received an award in 1978 from Venezuelan President Carlos Andres Perez for her contributions to Latin American culture and in 1980, and shared a Critic's Choice Award with María Félix. In 1985, she received the Konex Platinum Award for Best Tango Singer in Argentina. In 1988, she put her hand prints on the "Walk of Fame of the Hermitage Hotel".

In 1989, she was honored at the Festival of San Sebastian, Spain, for her film achievements and was recognized by the Caesar Awards given by the Association of American theater to Latin American artists in Los Angeles. That same year, a tile bearing her name placed in the "Sidewalk of Latin Stars" in Miami and a tribute was held for her at the Autumn Festival of Paris.

She was appointed "Illustrious citizen of the city of Buenos Aires" in 1990 and on 15 November 1991, a few days before her birthday, the Municipal Council of Rosario granted her a similar distinction. Lamarque was honored in 1993 by Celebrando Magazine, a Spanish-language publication which is nationally distributed in the U.S., for her 70 years in film, theater and music and her philanthropy.

In 1998, she was appointed as Honorary Cultural Advisor and designated as a Cultural Legend in Buenos Aires.

Last years and death
In 1996 Libertad moved to the United States and settled in her Coral Gables home in Miami, Florida. She often flew to Mexico City and Buenos Aires to attend her professional appointments as well. Her daughter, grandsons and great-grandsons lived in Argentina.

In 1998 Lamarque was featured in the soap opera La usurpadora, which was a huge success in Mexico and in many countries in Latin America.Her last role on TV was on the telenovela Carita de Ángel, where she played Mother Superior.

In early December 2000, Libertad Lamarque was rushed to Santa Elena Hospital in Mexico City, after feeling sick and experiencing breathing difficulties. She died aged 92 on 12 December 2000 in Mexico City, Mexico from pneumonia. Her daughter, Mirtha Libertad Lamarque Romero Deluca, died on 19 October 2014, aged 86.

Personal life
In 1926, Lamarque married Emilio Romero and had a daughter, Mirtha, with him before divorcing in 1945. Divorce was not possible at that time in Argentina and although the marriage was quickly over, it took 12 years to officially be ended. In 1935, she suffered several personal crises which led to a suicide attempt in Chile. She attempted to throw herself out of a hotel window, but an awning broke her fall. Shortly thereafter, her estranged husband kidnapped their daughter and took Mirtha to Uruguay. A group of friends, including Alfredo Malerba, and her attorney were able to help her regain custody. Lamarque's second husband was Alfredo Malerba, with whom she was married for nearly 50 years, until his death.

Awards

 * Best Foreign Actress, Puerta cerrada, 1940, Zagreb WON
 * Best Actress, Otra primavera, 1951, Ariel nomination
 * Best Actress, La loca, 1953, Ariel nomination
 * Best Actress, Cuando me vaya, 1955, Ariel nomination
 * Critic's Choice Award, Won shared award with María Félix, 1980
 * Konex Platinum Award, Best Tango Singer, 1985, Argentina WON
 * Lifetime Achievement, 2000 Ariel WON

Films in Argentina

 * ¡Tango! (1933)
 * Musical Romance (1947)

Films in Mexico

 * Gran Casino – 1946
 * Soledad – 1947
 * The Lady of the Veil – 1948 ... Andrea del Monte
 * Another Spring – 1949 ... Amelia
 * La marquesa del barrio – 1950 ... Cristina Payares/La Marquesa
 * Traces of the Past – 1950
 * Te sigo esperando – 1951 ... Elena Montenegro
 * La loca – 1951 ... Elena Prim viuda de Villaseñor
 * Woman Without Tears – 1951 ... Consuelo
 * Ansiedad – 1952 ... María de Lara
 * Nunca es tarde para amar – 1952 ... Malisa Morales
 * Acuérdate de vivir – 1952 ... Yolanda
 * Forgotten Faces – 1952 ... Rosario Velazquez
 * If You Came Back to Me – 1953 ... Alejandra
 * When I Leave – 1953 ... María Grever
 * La Infame – 1953 ... Cristina Ferrán
 * Anxiety – 1953
 * Reportaje – 1953
 * La mujer X – 1954
 * Bodas de oro – 1955
 * Música de siempre – 1955
 * Historia de un amor – 1955 ...Elena Ramos
 * Escuela de música – 1955 ... Laura Galván
 * Bambalinas – 1956
 * Mis padres se divorcian – 1957 ... Diana Váldes
 * A Few Drinks – 1957 ... Eugenia Pavel
 * The Woman Who Had No Childhood – 1957 ... Rosaura
 * Sabrás que te quiero – 1958 ... Amelia Rey/Mónica/Gabriela
 * Love in the Shadows – 1959 ... Claudia
 * Yo, pecador – 1959 ... Doña Virginia
 * El pecado de una madre – 1960 ... Ana María
 * La cigüeña dijo sí – 1960
 * El cielo y la tierra – 1962 ... Sor Lucero/Sister María de la Luz
 * Canción del alma – 1963 ... María Maragón
 * Los hijos que yo soñé – 1964 ... Mariana
 * Canta mi corazón – 1964 ... Luisa Lamas
 * Arrullo de Dios – 1966 ... Luz
 * El hijo pródigo – 1968 ... Alegría Román
 * Rosas blancas para mi hermana negra – 1969 ... Laura
 * Hoy he soñado con Dios – 1971 ... Lina Alonso
 * La loca de los milagros – 1973 ... Aurora Durban
 * Negro es un bello color – 1973 ... Eugenia

Films in Spain

 * Lovely Memory – 1961 ... Lucy

Music

 * "Gaucho sol" – LP (1926)
 * "Chilenito" – single (1926)
 * "Botellero" / "Mi Caballo Jerezano" – single (1927)
 * "Mate Amorgo" / "Idilio Trunco" – single (1928)
 * "La Dolores" / "Tanita De La Proa" – single (1929)
 * "Sol De Mi Tierra" / "No Seas Asi" – single (1929)
 * "El Niño De Las Monjas" / "Doña Nicanora" – single (1930)
 * "No Has Perdido La Veguenza" / "Goya" – single (1930)
 * "Soñar Y Nada Mas" / "Tristeza Marina" – single (1943)
 * "Delicias Musicales" – LP (?)
 * "Delicias Musicales (Volumen II)" – LP (1958)
 * "Chansons Du Film Mon Ami Joselito" – EP (1962)
 * "Ayúdame A Vivir / Caminito / Besos Brujos / Madreselva" – EP (1969)
 * "Libertad Lamarque Canta Los Tangos De Agustín Lara" – LP (1969)
 * "Somos Novios" – LP (1973)
 * "Los Tangos de Agustin Lara" – LP (1977)
 * "Delicias Musicales" – LP (1985)
 * "Libertad Lamarque Sings Songs Of Maria Grever" – LP (1986)
 * "En 1988 !Canta Asi!" – LP (1990)

Telenovelas

 * Esmeralda – 1970 ... Sister Piedad
 * Mamá – 1975 ... Soledad
 * Soledad – 1980 ... Soledad González/Cristina Palermo
 * Amada – 1983 ... Amada
 * La Usurpadora – 1998 ... Doña Piedad Vda. de Bracho
 * Carita de Ángel – 2000 ... Mother Superior Piedad de la luz

Autobiography

 * Lamarque, Libertad. Libertad Lamarque, Javier Vergara Publishing: Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1986 (in Spanish) (ISBN 950-1-505-995)

title: Libertad Lamarque


text:
Juma Khan Hamdard

Juma Khan Hamdard (جمعه خان همدرد; born 1959) is an Afghan politician. He served as the security adviser to President Ashraf Ghani. He served as governor of Paktia Province from 2007 to 2015, previously serving as governor of Baghlan and later Jowzjan province. He is the head of the alliance of H.A.A Councils.

Early life
Hamdard is an ethnic Pashtun of the Wardak tribe from Mazari Sharif. He was born in 1959 in Balkh Province.

Career
He became a popular leader of the Pashtun community of Balkh and Mazar-i-Sharif. Hamdard was a member of Hezbi Islami and fought against the Soviets under the leadership of Gulbuddin Hekmatyar. In 1994, his Party Hezbi Islami allied with Abdul Rashid Dostum, an ethnic Uzbek, against the Shura-e Nazar. In 1997, he helped the Taliban's side against Dostum's forces in a bloody campaign.

Following the US-led coalition's invasion of Afghanistan in late 2001, Hamdard resumed a weak alliance with Dostum's forces. On the eve of the presidential election in October 2004, he pledged support to Karzai. He became governor of Baghlan, and later Jowzjan.

Dostum's power base was in the ethnic Uzbek heartland. His Uzbek supporters did not want an ethnic Pashtun as governor. In May 2007 police forces under governor Juma khan Hamdard shot at militant Uzbek demonstrators, while they were trying to force their way into the Governor's office in Sheberghan, killing 13 and injuring more than 30. On December 17, 2007, he was appointed governor of Paktia Province, replacing Rahmatullah Rahmat. Hamdard is one of President Karzai's tribal affairs advisors.

Juma Khan Hamdard is an important personality of northern Afghanistan. He has played a pivotal role in safeguarding the interests of the Pashtuns. He enjoys a mass base of support among the Pashtun settlers in the Northern Afghanistan. He was a military commander and politician. Since the fall of the communist regime in 1992, he has trodden a very cautious approach in protecting the interests of Pashtuns in Northern Afghanistan in the wake of rising anti-Pashtun sentiments.

Personal life
He has six sons, the eldest son Gul Rahman Hamdard is a member of the parliament.

title: Juma Khan Hamdard


text:
Plagiostyles

Plagiostyles is a plant genus in the family Euphorbiaceae first described as a genus in 1897. It is native to tropical Africa.

 * Species
 * 1) Plagiostyles africana (Müll.Arg.) Prain - Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Cabinda Province, Angola, Equatorial Guinea, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo
 * 2) Plagiostyles pinnatus Willd. - Gabon

title: Plagiostyles


text:
Liberia Peace Council

The Liberia Peace Council (LPC) was a rebel group that participated in the Liberian Civil War under the leadership of George Boley.

The LPC emerged in 1993, partly as a proxy force for the Armed Forces of Liberia (AFL). It made substantial gains against the National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL) in southeastern Liberia, vying for control of commercial operations in timber and rubber.

A predominantly ethnic Krahn organization, it drew supporters from the United Liberation Movement of Liberia for Democracy (ULIMO) and the AFL, but also from other ethnic groups who suffered under NPFL occupation.

It had about 2,500 militants in its ranks.

Like all groups that participated in the civil war, the LPC committed serious human rights abuses including murder, torture, and looting in an effort to terrorize and depopulate rural areas held by the NPFL.

title: Liberia Peace Council


text:
María Jimena Piccolo

María Jimena Piccolo (born July 22, 1985), better known as Jimena Piccolo is an Argentine actress, singer and radio host.

Biography
María Jimena Piccolo was born on July 22, 1985, in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Career
María Jimena Piccolo began her career in television with an advertisement for Banco Río in 1991. In 1993, she was part of the cast of the television series Primer amor. In 1994, she made her film debut, with the movie Amigomío. From 1995 to 1998, she was part of the cast of the youth television series Chiquititas. Between 1996 and 1998, she made the theatrical seasons of Chiquititas. In 1999, she was part of the cast of the television series Trillizos ¡dijo la partera!. In August 2001, she makes a small participation in the youth television series Chiquititas. In 2001, she was summoned by Cris Morena for the special Chiquititas de Oro where she and the most prominent cast members of all seasons came together to receive the award Chiquititas de Oro. In 2002, she was part of the cast of the television series Kachorra. In 2005, she was part of the cast of the television series  Amor mío. In 2005, she was part of the cast of the television series ¿Quién es el Jefe?. In 2006, she starred in an episode of Mujeres asesinas. In 2007, she was part of the cast of the television series Los cuentos de Fontanarrosa. In 2008, she was part of the cast of the television series Mujeres de nadie. In 2011, she starred in an episode of Decisiones de Vida. In 2011, she was part of the cast of the television series Yo soy virgen. In 2014, she was part of the cast of the television series Somos familia. In 2014, she performed the play Ego, mi verdadera historia. In 2015, she performed the play La vida prestada. In 2017, she performed the play El Mundo de Stefy y vos.

Soundtrack albums

 * 1995 — Chiquititas Vol. 1
 * 1996 — Chiquititas Vol. 2
 * 1997 — Chiquititas Vol. 3
 * 1998 — Chiquititas Vol. 4

title: María Jimena Piccolo


text:
Reschen Pass

Reschen Pass (Reschenpass, ; Passo di Resia ) is a mountain pass across the main chain of the Alps, connecting the Upper Inn Valley in the northwest with the Vinschgau region in the southeast. Since 1919, the border between South Tyrol, Italy and Tyrol, Austria has approximately followed the watershed, the pass summit at a height of 1504 m being completely on Italian territory.

Location
Reschen is one of the principal passes of the Alps, located between Brenner Pass to the east and the Splügen to the west. It is part of the drainage divide between the Danube in the north and the Adige in the south.

The village of Reschen (Resia) is directly located on the watershed, on the shore of the Reschensee reservoir, built in 1950 and famous for the bell tower which emerges from the water in front of Graun municipality. The border with Nauders, Austria runs about 2 km north of the pass summit towards the tripoint with Valsot, Switzerland in the west.

Climate
Reschen has a cool summer humid continental climate. Winter highs can reach around 8-10 °C, but can also be as cold as -10 °C. In summertime, maxima can be as high as 25-28 °C, or as low as single figures. However, minimum temperatures generally stay above 0 °C.

The above table is for the period 1990–2017.

History
Even before the Roman era, an unnamed bridle path linked the valley of the Inn River with the valley of the Adige (de. Etsch; lad. Adesc) river. The current Reschen Pass route was part of the Via Claudia Augusta, opened about 50 AD. Later superseded by the Via Raetia across Brenner Pass, built at the behest of Emperor Septimius Severus in the 2nd century, it remained one of the few Roman roads leading into the Raetia province and to Augusta Vindelicorum. During the Middle Ages, the pass was an alternative to the passes of Graubünden in the west, though from the 14th century onwards the parallel Brenner Pass road from Bozen through the Eisack Valley in the east gained more and more importance.

Unlike the wide and smooth southern side, the northern side of Reschen Pass has a steep and narrow bottleneck at Finstermünz (1188 m). Archduke Sigismund of Austria had a fortress built here in 1472, and until 1854 a custom house between the Austrian County of Tyrol and Switzerland sat between two fortified bridges over the Inn river.

The Austrian engineer Carl Ritter von Ghega (who already had built the Semmering railway line from Vienna through Lower Austria and Styria to Graz) and Joseph Duile laid out plans for a new road from the fortress of Nauders (1394 m) to Cajetansbrücke near Pfunds (972 m), which was built between 1850 and 1854. This road leads to Reschen Pass along the Eastern, Austrian banking of the Inn, connecting the Austrian lands via Austrian soil. An additional mountain road leads from the Inn valley from the Swiss hamlet Martina resp. the Austrian Martinsbrück up to Norbertshöhe and Nauders, providing a shorter way from Switzerland to Italy than the longer road via Cajetansbrücke. Several structures for a projected railway connection were also built; however, these plans were finally abandoned after World War II.

title: Reschen Pass


text:
Nightfall (1956 film)

Nightfall is a 1956 American crime film noir directed by Jacques Tourneur and starring Aldo Ray, Brian Keith and Anne Bancroft.

The low-budget film is remembered today for camera work by cinematographer Burnett Guffey. It uses flashbacks as a device to tell the story, which was based on a 1948 novel by David Goodis.

The theme song, "Nightfall," was composed by Peter De Rose and "Charles Harold" (Charles H. Cuppett), with lyrics by Sam M. Lewis and sung by Al Hibbler.

Plot
At night on a busy Los Angeles sidewalk, James "Jim" Vanning (Aldo Ray) wanders aimlessly, avoiding bright lights and police cars, while he's being watched by a man who is later revealed to be insurance investigator Ben Fraser (James Gregory). At a corner, Fraser asks Vanning for a light, and the two men chat briefly, with Vanning revealing that he is a veteran who fought on Okinawa in the war. Vanning enters a bar. Marie Gardner (Anne Bancroft), who has been nursing her drink because she has no cash to pay for it, sits next to him. Vanning pays for her drink, and the two have dinner together. As happens several times in the film, the scenes with Vanning are intercut with scenes of Fraser and his wife (Jocelyn Brando) discussing Vanning, who is wanted for murder. Fraser's real interest is in retrieving $350,000 in stolen money for his company.

At dinner, Marie reveals that she is a model; Vanning tells her he is a commercial artist who has lived in several places but does not say much else about his past. Leaving the restaurant, Marie and Vanning encounter two thuggish men, John (Brian Keith) and "Red" (Rudy Bond). They thank Marie for distracting Vanning and she quickly goes away. The two men drive Vanning to a deserted spot by some oil pumps and demand that Vanning tell them where to find the $350,000 he took from them. They threaten him with torture. Vanning insists that he does not know where the money is. The men discover a slip of paper with Marie's name, address, and phone number.

In intermittent flashbacks, the story of Vanning's troubles is revealed. Near the town of Moose, Wyoming, Vanning and his friend Dr. Edward Gurston ("Doc") have been camping, hunting, and fishing. As they make plans to leave because of an impending snowstorm, they see a car go off the road. John, whose arm has been fractured, and Red, emerge from the wreck. While Doc tends to John's arm, it is revealed that a bank has been robbed of $350,000 and a guard has been killed. Red pulls out a gun. The thieves are going to steal Doc's car, but wanting no witnesses, Red shoots Doc with a rifle that he places in Vanning's hand and then shoots Vanning with a pistol to make the scene look like a murder-suicide. The shot misses Vanning, but Red believes he's dead because a ricocheted piece of rock struck Vanning and drew blood. When Vanning comes to, he finds the men and the car gone, but discovers that they had taken Doc's medical bag instead of the one with the money. The killers soon realize their mistake and return. Vanning flees with the money, through the snow to a deserted shack.

In the present, Vanning manages to escape from John and Red. He goes to Marie's apartment and angrily confronts her, believing she set him up. She convinces him that she was an innocent bystander and he convinces her that he is not guilty of Doc's murder as news accounts have suggested. When they spot John and Red coming out of a car on the street, they go out the building's back door to Vanning's apartment. There he tells her more of his story. He wants to retrieve the money from Wyoming to prove his innocence and has been waiting for the roads to clear there, but he will have to search for it because he really cannot remember where he let it go.

Marie agrees to go to Wyoming with Vanning after she has finished a modeling job at a fashion show. Vanning goes to the city bus station to buy tickets to the town of Moose. Fraser follows him and buys a seat on the same bus. Marie displays several outfits at the fashion show but spies John and Red in the audience. When Vanning arrives, she breaks away to tell him and the two run off.

When they reach Moose, Fraser reveals himself and his job to Vanning and that he believes in Vanning's innocence. In a rented car, Fraser, Vanning, and Marie drive to the campsite and head toward the shack that Vanning has recalled. They realize that John and Red have gotten there first and have found the bag with the money. Following a standoff, Red, intent on keeping all the money for himself, shoots John and retreats to a nearby snowplow which he drives toward the shack. Vanning manages to knock Red out of the cab and steer the plow away, but it runs over Red.

Cast

 * Aldo Ray as James "Jim" Vanning / Art Rayburn / Wilson
 * Brian Keith as John
 * Anne Bancroft as Marie Gardner
 * Jocelyn Brando as Laura Fraser
 * James Gregory as Ben Fraser
 * Frank Albertson as Dr. Edward Gurston ("Doc")
 * Rudy Bond as Red

Production
The film was based on a novel by David Goodis which was published in 1948. In 1950, it was adapted for TV as Sure as Fate.

In July 1955, it was announced film rights had been purchased by Copa Productions, the film company of Ted Richmond and Tyrone Power who released through Columbia. Raphael Hayes was to write the script. Richmond wanted Edmond O'Brien or Barry Sullivan to play the male lead and Barbara Stanwyck to play the female lead with filming to begin in September. William Wright was going to produce. Power did not want to appear in the film.

The lead role eventually went to Aldo Ray, who was under long term contract to Columbia but had been on suspension for refusing the lead in Beyond Mombassa. Filming ended up beginning on March 12, 1956. Jacques Tourneur signed to direct and Anne Bancroft was cast in the female lead.

Filming took place in downtown Los Angeles on Hollywood Boulevard and other locations, including MacArthur Park and the J.W. Robinson department store, where the fashion show scene was filmed. The Wyoming scenes were filmed in Teton County.

Release
Nightfall was released in early December 1956 in Boston in the United States.

Reception
In a contemporary review Marjory Adams declared Nightfall, "a heart-pounding experience that had all that a suspense-yearning public could hope for," but its plot had enough holes in it to “drive two trucks through". Variety published a review on December 5, 1956, stating that the film had "a generous slice of mystery, action and suspense" but the modest budget only delivered fair entertainment. A review in the Monthly Film Bulletin observed that despite the plot being complex and unlikely, the film unfolded “in an atmosphere of deliberate obscurity”, amplified by many flashbacks.

Retrospective critic Dennis Schwartz felt that Jacques Tourneur got the most out of a “minor film noir about a paranoid man haunted by his past".

Critic Jay Seaver wrote, "Nightfall isn't worried about purity of genre; it occasionally threatens to become an almost light-hearted caper movie..,” which he regarded as falling somewhere between mediocrity and Tourneur’s very best.

Film critic Alain Silver argues that despite being made near the end of the cycle, and that even though the film's locations include bright snow-covered landscapes, the dilemma of Nightfall's protagonist is typically noir. Although he is a victim of several mischances, Vanning struggles to “comprehend how violent but basically simple past occurrences have put him in such a dangerous and complicated present."

Legacy
The film was influential in Quentin Tarantino creating the Bruce Willis character in Pulp Fiction. Tarantino said, Willis "reminded me of a 50s leading man... a Ralph Meeker, Aldo Ray and Brian Keith kind of man. I went to his house and we did actually watch one print of an Aldo Ray movie, we watched Nightfall [1956]... [Ray and Brian Keith] have fantastic banter. And Brian Keith is excellent."

title: Nightfall (1956 film)


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Kiwi Airlines

Kiwi Airlines was the name of two airlines operating in the late 1990s

 * Kiwi International Air Lines operating in the United States
 * Kiwi Travel International Airlines operating as Kiwi Airlines between New Zealand and Australia (1994-1996)

title: Kiwi Airlines


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Prunus maritima

Prunus maritima, the beach plum, is a species of plum native to the East Coast of the United States. It is a choice wild edible and its few pests and salt tolerance make it a resilient fruit crop for degraded lands and urban soils.

Description
Prunus maritima is a deciduous shrub, in its natural sand dune habitat growing 1–2 m tall, although it can grow larger, up to 4 m tall, when cultivated in gardens. The leaves are alternate, elliptical, 3–7 cm long and 2–4 cm broad, with a sharply toothed margin. They are green on top and pale below, becoming showy red or orange in the autumn. The flowers are 1–1.5 cm in diameter, with five white petals and large yellow anthers. The fruit is an edible drupe 1.5–2 cm in diameter in the wild plant, red, yellow, blue, or nearly black.

The plant is salt tolerant and cold hardy. It prefers the full sun and well-drained soil. It spreads roots by putting out suckers but in coarse soil puts down a taproot. In dunes it is often partly buried in drifting sand. It blooms in mid-May and June. The fruit ripens in August and early September.

The species is endangered in Maine, where it is in serious decline due to commercial development of its beach habitats.

Taxonomy
The species was first described by Marshall in 1785 as Prunus maritima, the "Sea side Plumb". A few sources cite Wangenheim as the author, though Wangenheim's publication dates to 1787, two years later than Marshall's.

A plant with rounded leaves, of which only a single specimen has ever been found in the wild, has been described as P. maritima var. gravesii (Small) G.J.Anderson, though its taxonomic status is questionable, and it may be better considered a cultivar P. maritima 'Gravesii'. The original plant, found in Connecticut, died in the wild in about 2000, but it is maintained in cultivation from rooted cuttings.

Distribution and habitat
The species can be found from Maine south to Maryland. Although sometimes listed as extending north to Canada's New Brunswick, the species is not known from collections there and does not appear in the most authoritative works on the flora of that province.

Uses
The species is grown commercially for fruit and value-added products like jam. Taste of ripe fruit is prevailingly sweet, though individual bushes range in flavor and some are sour or slightly bitter. About the size of grapes, beach plums are much smaller in size when compared to the longer cultivated Asian varieties found in the supermarket, though are resilient to many North American stone fruit pests, such as black knot fungus. A number of cultivars have been selected for larger and better-flavored fruit, including Resigno, Jersey Gem (Rutgers), ECOS, Eastham, Hancock and Squibnocket.

Natali Vineyards in Goshen, New Jersey, produces a wine from beach plums. Greenhook Ginsmiths in Greenpoint, Brooklyn, New York, makes a gin flavored with beach plums.

The seed pits of the fruits are toxic due to their hydrocyanic acid content.

Culture
Places named after the beach plum include Plum Island, Massachusetts, Plum Island, New York, Plum Cove Beach in Lanesville, Gloucester, Massachusetts, and Beach Plum Island State Park in Sussex County, Delaware.

Fresh and dried, it was used extensively by Native Americans and eventually colonists. It is experiencing a revival in popularity with the resurgence of foraging, the local food movement, and the prominence of native species selection in permaculture design.

title: Prunus maritima


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Spire light

Spire light (Fr. lucarne), the term given to the windows in a spire which are found in all periods of English Gothic architecture, and in French spires form a very important feature in the composition.

There is an early example in the spire of the cathedral at Oxford; they are not glazed, and have occasionally, if of large size, transoms to strengthen the mullions.

The term lucarne is used in France to mean "dormer window". They take many different forms which distinguishes the form of small roof above the window: "à chevalet" (straight lucarne), lucarne avec saillie and lucarne "à la capucine" (or with receding roof).

title: Spire light


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Sandhurst, Gloucestershire

Sandhurst is a village just outside Gloucester, England.

The parish church and Wallsworth Hall are Grade II* listed buildings. The River Severn is the border between Sandhurst and the neighbouring parish of Maisemore. The Severn Way long distance footpath follows the river on the eastern (Sandhurst) bank. There are only two roads out of Sandhurst, one towards Gloucester, and another towards Tewkesbury. As a result, the village is regularly used as a bypass by drivers hoping to avoid traffic along the A38.

WWII bomb
In September 1998, an unexploded World War II German bomb was detonated by bomb disposal experts. The bomb had laid undiscovered for almost 57 years, but when the local parish council announced plans to build a children’s play area on the allotment site, local resident Tom Jones remembered a bomb falling on the site but never exploding. His fears led to a survey and the discovery of a 500 lb bomb embedded vertically into rock more than three metres below the surface of the ground. Initial letters were met with scepticism after an April fool's mail shot hoax, until the nature of the bomb was confirmed. Every home within a 500-metre radius was evacuated, and Jones himself had the pleasure of pushing the button. After the incident, the clerk to the local parish council at the time was criticised for sending a letter to the German embassy asking them if they would like to make a donation to help fund the construction of the play area. Although the German embassy sent a letter of support, no donation was made.

CSG
In October 2000 a chemical plant owned and run by CSG (Cleansing Service Group) was devastated by a series of explosions and a fire. Although the exact causes have never been determined, it is believed that incorrectly stored chemicals were to blame. On top of this, before the site could be cleaned up, the area was flooded, and the chemicals washed into many of the nearby houses. For many years the villagers of Sandhurst, and the nearby village of Maisemore, had been complaining of the smells coming from the plant, and this incident was the final straw. After a heated public meeting involving Ken Pee, the managing director of CSG, the company was taken to court and fined £250,000 plus £400,000 costs. The site has now been sold to Ronsons Reclamation.

2007 summer floods
The village was essentially an island for several days in late July, the only way in or out was via boat or tractor. Water supplies were down for two weeks and the power supply was unreliable.

Abloads Court
Originally Ablodes Court, meaning the Abbots Lode Court. "The Abbots crossing for the River Seven", a property and site with a history dating back to the 9th century. In 1101 Henry I gave the manor of Abload and Paygrove Wood in exchange for some land in Gloucester on which the Gloucester Castle was built. During the 15th to 17th centuries, this area and what forms a large part of Sandhurst was known as the hamlet of Ablodes. There are many early historical references to the site held by the National Archives. It is now a private home and grounds owned by a publisher and children’s writer.

title: Sandhurst, Gloucestershire


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Prunus insititia

Prunus insititia may refer to:
 * The species Prunus domestica, commonly referred as European plum
 * Damson, a subspecies of Prunus domestica, also known as Prunus domestica subsp. insititia, or sometimes Prunus insititia

title: Prunus insititia


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Template talk:Orders, decorations, and medals of India

Sub-Categories
Among Civilian Honours also, it would be better to have sub-divisions. Hence, re-organising and re-ordering the same. In Sports, I've added Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna at the top as it is the country's highest sporting honour. I've put Dronacharya Award at the end in Sports section for two reasons - i] It is not a sports award and a sports coaching award & ii] No article on that exists yet. Gurubrahma 10:10, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

Gallantry awards - suggestions pls.
hi, Currently the template has the gallantry awards in the order of precedence, i.e. first in war time gallantry (Param Vir Chakra), first in peace time gallantry (Ashoka Chakra), second in war time gallantry (Maha Vir Chakra), second in peace time gallantry (Kirti Chakra) etc. Would it be a better idea to separate them into Gallantry awards - War time followed by Gallantry awards - Peace time?? I thought of doing it myself but since the changes in the template effect changes elsewhere as well, I thought of posing this question on the talk page.---Gurubrahma 13:11, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

National Flag
Hi, I've included the national flag in the template for 2 reasons: i) As these are Government of India awards, it would be great if the flag is also visible. ii) Adding colour to the template. Please lend me your sugestions. ---Gurubrahma 14:56, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

Please no private awards!
This template lists only official Government of India honours and awards (see WikiProject Orders, Decorations, and Medals). Please do not include private awards like Jnanpith Award or Godfrey Phillips National Bravery Awards. Thanks. Fowler&fowler «Talk»  11:43, 12 December 2007 (UTC)


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Portal:History/Did you know

Process
This section of the History portal uses the following layout template:

You may add a new selection to the first available numbered subpage below; to display your new selection, you must then increment the max= parameter on this page's Random portal component on the portal itself. Each selection should contain eight historically relevant and interesting did you know selections, that have been through the DYK process; in its current form its elements consist of relevant hooks from the list of most popular hooks, organized by month. Remember to avoid systematic bias; give regional and topical balance by, for instance, limiting the amount of WWII-related hooks to one or two per selection.

title: Portal:History/Did you know


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Portal:History/Featured article/December, 2005

Gaius Julius Cæsar (Classical Latin: IMP·C·IVLIVS·CAESAR·DIVVS ) (b. July 13, 100 BC; d. March 15, 44 BC) was a Roman military and political leader. He played an important part in the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire. His conquest of Gaul extended the Roman world all the way to the Atlantic Ocean, with the first Roman invasion of Britain in 55 BC. He is widely considered to be one of the greatest military geniuses of all time — as well as a brilliant politician — and one of the ancient world's strongest leaders along with Alexander the Great. Caesar fought and won a Civil War which left him undisputed master of the Roman world, and began extensive reforms of Roman society and government.

Archive • Read more...


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Portal:History/Featured picture/December, 2005

Tughra'(طغراء) of Mahmud II. A tughra (tuğra in Turkish) is a Turkish y|calligraphic seal or signature used at the beginning of sultans' decrees. These colorful emblems incorporated the ruler's name and title in intricate vegetal inscriptions designed by neshanis, or court calligraphers. Parallel to the European signet, tughras often appeared on coins and stamps of the Ottoman Empire.

Archive • Read more...


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Portal:History/Intro

 * Note. A list of images for this introduction is at Portal:History/Intro/Image.

title: Portal:History/Intro


text: Portal:History/Things you can do

title: Portal:History/Things you can do


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Portal:History/WikiProjects

WikiProject History • Ancient Near East • Australian History • Classical Greece and Rome • Dacia • Former countries • History of Canada • Chinese history • European history • Heraldry and vexillology • Indian history • Jewish history • Medieval Scotland • Mesoamerica • Military history • Middle Ages • History of Science

WikiProject Time • Days of the Year • Years

WikiProject Biography • Composers • Political figures • Saints • United States Presidents

title: Portal:History/WikiProjects


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Khel Ratna Award

The Khel Ratna Award, officially known as the Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award ( Major Dhyan Chand Sport Jewel Award),  is the highest sporting honour of India. It is awarded annually by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, Government of India.

Recipients are selected by a committee constituted by the Ministry and honoured for their "spectacular and most outstanding performance in the field of sports over a period of four years" at an international level. , the award comprises a medallion, a certificate, and a cash prize of inr 2500000.

Instituted in 1991–1992, the award was given for the performance by a sportsperson in a year. Based on the suggestions provided by 2014 award selection committee, the Ministry revised the criteria in February 2015 to consider the performance over a period of four years. The nominations for a given year are accepted till 30 April or last working day of April with not more than two sportspersons nominated for each sports discipline. A twelve-member committee evaluates the performances of a sportsperson at various International events which include the Olympic Games, Paralympic Games, Asian Games, and Commonwealth Games. The committee later submits their recommendations to the Union Minister of Youth Affairs and Sports for further approval. The award from 1991-2021 was named after Rajiv Gandhi (1944-1991), the 6th Prime Minister of India.

The award since August 6, 2021 is named after Major Dhyan Chand (1905–79), an Indian field hockey player, widely regarded as one of the greatest field hockey players of all time, who scored more than 1000 goals over a career that spanned over 20 years from 1926 to 1948.

The first recipient of the award was chess Grandmaster Viswanathan Anand, who was honoured for the performance in the year 1991–92. In 2001, sport shooter Abhinav Bindra, then aged 18, became the youngest recipient of the award.

Usually conferred upon only one sportsperson in a year, a few exceptions have been made (1993–1994, 2002, 2009, 2012, and 2016–2021) when multiple recipients were awarded in a year.

, there have been 59 recipients across sixteen sport disciplines: athletics, badminton, billiards, boxing, chess, cricket, field hockey, football, gymnastics, para-athletics, para-badminton, para-shooting, shooting, snooker, table tennis, tennis, wrestling, weightlifting, and yacht racing.

Nominations
The nominations for the award are received from all government recognised National Sports Federations, the Indian Olympic Association, the Sports Authority of India (SAI), the Sports Promotion and Control Boards, and the state and the union territory governments with not more than two eligible sportspersons nominated for each sports discipline. In case of cricket, the nominations are received from the Board of Control for Cricket in India and SAI is authorised to submit the nominations on behalf of all the de-recognised or under suspension National Sports Federations. The previous award recipients can also nominate one sportsperson for the discipline for which they themselves were awarded. The Government can nominate up to two sportspersons in deserving cases where no such nominations have been received from the nominating authorities. The nominations for a given year are accepted till 30 April or last working day of April.

Selection process
All the received nominations are sent to SAI and National Anti-Doping Agency for the verification against the claimed achievements and doping clearance respectively. Any sportsperson who is either penalised or being enquired for usage of drugs or substances banned by the World Anti-Doping Agency is not eligible for the award. A committee consisting of the Joint Secretary and the Director/Deputy Secretary of Department of Sports, the Secretary and the Executive Director/Director (TEAMS) of SAI verify and validate the nominations.

The valid nominations are placed before the selection committee constituted by the Government. This twelve member committee consists of a Chairperson nominated by the Ministry, four Olympians or previous recipients of Khel Ratna or Arjuna Award, three sports journalists/experts/commentators, one sportsperson/expert/administrator associated with parasports, one sports administrator, the Director General of SAI, and the Joint Secretary of Department of Sports, with not more than one sportsperson from a particular discipline included in the committee. When instituted in 1991–92, the award was given for the performance by a sportsperson in a year. Based on the suggestions provided by 2014 award selection committee headed by Kapil Dev, the Ministry revised the criteria in February 2015 to consider the performance over a period of four years.

The medals won in various International championships and events of the disciplines which include Summer and Winter Olympic and Paralympics Games, Asian Games, and Commonwealth Games are given 80% weightage. The remaining 20% weightage is given to the profile and standard of the events. For any other games not included in Olympic, Asian Games, and Commonwealth Games like cricket and indigenous games, the individuals performance of a sportsperson is taken into consideration. The sportsperson with maximum points is given 80 marks. Rest of the sportspersons are given marks in proportion to the maximum points. For team events, marks are given as per the strength of the team. Following are the points defined for medals at the given events:

For a given discipline, not more than two sportspersons, one male and one female, are given highest marks. The committee may not recommend the award to the sportsperson with the highest marks across disciplines but can only recommend the recipient of the highest aggregate marks in a particular sports discipline. The recommendations of the selection committee are submitted to the Union Minister of Youth Affairs and Sports for further approval.

List

Controversies
The 2002 selection committee, headed by former football player Pradip Kumar Banerjee made twenty one recommendations for the Arjuna Award and two recommendations for the Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award (then known as the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award), athlete K. M. Beenamol and shooter Anjali Bhagwat. The government rejected the recommendations and asked the committee to cut down the list to comply with the award guidelines, where only one sportsperson for the Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award and fifteen sportspersons along with one disabled athlete for the Arjuna Awards could be recommended each year. The committee revised the list to recommend Beenamol for the award over Bhagwat but also put a request "to consider everyone". The decision spurred criticism for ignoring the achievements of the shooter and Bhagwat and the National Rifle Association of India expressed their "disappointment" with the decision. Later, the government accepted all the recommendations "as an exception" and jointly awarded Beenamol and Bhagwat for the year 2002.

In August 2013, the selection committee, headed by Michael Ferreira recommended sport shooter Ronjan Sodhi for the award, with some committee members questioning the process of selection. A committee member noted that discus thrower Krishna Poonia and Paralympic athlete Girisha Nagarajegowda were shortlisted and Sodhi was not the initial choice. However, Girisha's name was removed, and the final voting was done between Sodhi and Poonia. Poonia was accused of lobbying for the award by one of the committee member Anjali Bhagwat, but the accused met the then Union Sports Minister Jitendra Singh to promote her case and also rubbished the lobbying allegations. The Ministry conducted a separate enquiry by Secretary of Department of Sports and decided not to increase the number of awards "to maintain the stature of the awards".

Following an announcement, in August 2015, that tennis player Sania Mirza was to be awarded, a Public-Interest Litigation was filed in the Karnataka High Court. The petitioner, who was again Girisha, mentioned that his performance was ignored by the committee. Girisha claimed to be a top contender for the award with 90 points, owing to his silver medal winning act at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in the Men's High Jump F42 event. The petition mentioned that the points for Mirza's Grand Slam titles from 2011 until 2015 should not be counted as the events were not a part of the list of sports events to be considered for the performance evaluation. The court withheld the conferment and sought replies from the Ministry about the selection process. The Ministry nevertheless presented the award to Mirza on 29 August 2015 amidst the case processing.

title: Khel Ratna Award