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You Give Good Love

"You Give Good Love" is the debut solo single by American singer Whitney Houston for her 1985 eponymous debut studio album. It was written by La Forrest 'La La' Cope and produced by Kashif. When La La sent Kashif a copy of the song, originally offered to Roberta Flack, he thought it would be a better fit for Houston and told Arista Records he would be interested in recording with her.

The song was released on February 22, 1985 as the album's lead single. The release of "You Give Good Love" was designed to give Houston a noticeable position and standing within the black music market first, which topped the US Billboard Hot Black Singles chart. However, it also made an unexpected crossover pop hit, peaking at number three on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, her first of what would be many Top 10 hits. It was later certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). The single was released officially in some countries such as Australia, Canada, Japan, New Zealand and United Kingdom, but failed to make the top 40 in the countries except Canada, where it reached the top ten. The song won Favorite Soul/R&B Single at the 13th American Music Awards, and was nominated for Best R&B Song and Best Female R&B Vocal Performance at the 28th Grammy Awards in 1986.

The music video for the song directed by Karen Bellone, shows Houston performing at a club and a photographer focusing his camera on her. Houston performed the song on various TV shows and awards ceremonies such as The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson, The 1985 R&B Countdown and The 1st Soul Train Music Awards of 1987, as well as on her first three tours and select dates of The Bodyguard World Tour (1993–94) and My Love Is Your Love World Tour (1999). "You Give Good Love" is also featured on four of Houston's compilation albums, Whitney: The Greatest Hits (2000), Love, Whitney (2001), The Essential Whitney Houston (2011) and I Will Always Love You: The Best of Whitney Houston (2012). In 2009, the song was named the 12th greatest slow jam of all time by Essence magazine.

Background
When songwriter/producer Kashif accepted Arista president Clive Davis' invitation to see a New York club performance by a young singer named Whitney Houston that he'd just signed to the label, he was disappointed. Her act was a lounge act and didn't appeal to Kashif. Davis continued to court Kashif sending him a videotape of Houston's performance on The Merv Griffin Show. La La, a writer signed to Kashif's music publishing company, sent him a demo of a ballad she had written titled "You Give Good Love." She'd sent it to her idol Roberta Flack first but she was rebuffed by her assistant with an angry "don't call us, we'll call you" retort. When Kashif heard the song, a light bulb came out in his mind that flashed "hit! hit!" Then he called Gerry Griffith, an Arista A&R man, and said that "I think I have a song for you." So Griffith and Houston drove to the New Jersey studio where Kashif was working to check it out. Griffith recalled that there was a demo of the song but La La wanted to sing it live with her piano playing. After La La finished the song, Griffith said "that's the song – that's what I've been looking for." It was the kind of tune that had the emotion that she could get into and sing her heart out. The release of "You Give Good Love" was designed to give Houston a noticeable position and standing within the black music charts. Clive Davis later explained the thinking behind releasing the song as the debut single from the album: "We wanted to establish her in the black marketplace first, otherwise you can fall between cracks, where Top 40 won't play you and R&B won't consider you their own. We felt that 'You Give Good Love' would be, at the very least, a major black hit, though we didn't think that it would cross over as strongly as it did. When it did cross over with such velocity that gave us great encouragement."

Lyrics controversy
"You Give Good Love" brought Houston a bit of notoriety when it turned up among several songs cited by advice columnist Ann Landers as having suggestive titles. Landers, in her column for a reader who worried about the bad influence of song lyrics on children, wrote that "Some of the lyrics are sexually provocative. The titles tell the story," and called the song "pretty trashy stuff", citing the song's title as an instance along with "Hot Love" by Cheap Trick, "Let's Go to Bed" by The Cure, "Ready, Willing and Able" by Lita Ford, "You Shook Me All Night Long" and "Love at First Feel" by AC/DC, "Tease Me" by Junie Morrison, and "Fire Down Below" by Bob Seger.

Houston, in an interview with the Chicago Tribune, gave some answers to Landers's comments, saying "She chose a few songs out of the Top 40 that she thought had suggestive titles as far as she was concerned, and it was one of them. I don't think that the title is suggestive at all. It didn't say anything but 'you give good love,' and it didn't say anything in the song that was sexual or outrageous. I think that Miss Landers just looked at the title and didn't view the song itself."

Houston, who described herself as a religious person, said that she hasn't given much thought to the controversy over questionable lyrics: "The songs that I sing don't fall into that category, so I don't think about it at all. But I believe that music does influence people. It's a universal thing. Everybody listens to music and knows about it. I think that the lyrics can have a lot to do with influencing whoever you're singing to. I think that as far as children are concerned, parents should have control over what they listen to. If they don't want them to listen to records that are very sexual or explicit or outrageous, they should have control over that situation. As for adults, they're going to buy whatever kind of music they want to hear, so if they buy music with explicit lyrics, they must like it."

Critical reception
Billboard, in its review of the single, called Houston's vocal on the song as "a voice of exceptional clarity and control." Adam White, a performance reviewer of Billboard, in his writing of Houston's performance to promote her debut album at the Sweetwater's in New York, described the song as "the mellifluous, midtempo item." Other critic of Billboard, Brian Chin commented that "the ecstatic single which may possibly be the classiest make-out song since 'Fire and Desire'." While reviewing Houston's I Look to You album, Rashod D. Ollison from TheGrio.com stated that "You Give Good Love" is "effortlessly sexy."

Awards and nominations
The song received a number of awards and nominations following its release. "You Give Good Love" won Favorite Soul/R&B Singles at the 13th annual American Music Awards, where Houston garnered a total of six nominations in Pop/Rock and Soul/R&B categories, on January 27, 1986. The song received two Grammy nominations―Best R&B Song and Best R&B Vocal Performance, Female―but lost to "Freeway of Love" written by Jeffrey Cohen and Narada Michael Walden, performed by Aretha Franklin in both categories, at the 28th Grammy Awards, held on February 25, 1986.

Chart performance
"You Give Good Love" entered the Billboard Hot Black Singles chart (later Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs) at number 89 on the March 9 issue, and on ninth week of its release, reached the top ten of the chart, the issue dated May 4, 1985. Eventually, it hit the pole position of the chart, the issue date of May 25, 1985, and stayed atop for one week, becoming Houston's first R&B number-one single. The song debuted at number 67 and number 40 on the Billboard Hot 100 Singles and Hot Adult Contemporary charts, respectively, on the May 11 issue. Eight weeks later the single reached the top ten on the Hot 100 chart, and in the following three weeks peaked at number three on the chart, the issue dated July 27, 1985, spending a total of 21 weeks on the chart. On the Adult Contemporary chart, it reached a peak of number four in the July 20, 1985 issue. It was ranked number 47 and number two on the Billboard year-end Top Pop Singles and Top Black Singles charts, respectively. The single was certified Gold for shipments of 1,000,000 copies in the United States alone by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on December 6, 1995. In Canada, the song debuted at number 95 on the RPM 100 Singles chart on the May 18 issue, and 14 weeks later peaked at number nine on the chart, the issue date of August 24, 1985. It placed at number 76 on the RPM year-end Top 100 Singles chart of 1985.

Worldwide, "You Give Good Love" was not released as a single except in a few countries such as Australia, Japan, New Zealand and the United Kingdom. Unlike in North America, the song did not receive enough attention to establish itself as a hit song in these markets, because other songs from Houston's debut album―"All at Once" and "Saving All My Love for You"―got a better reaction from the public and the media, particularly in Europe. The early promotion for the album was also strategically focused on these songs. The single entered, but did not reach the Top 40 of, the singles charts of several of these countries: it peaked at number 58 in Australia, 44 in New Zealand, and 93 in the UK.

Music video
The music video for "You Give Good Love" was directed by Michael Lindsay-Hogg and produced by Karen Bellone, featured an off-duty cameraman entering a club that's being refurbished. Houston is on the stage rehearsing for a performance. Taken aback by her impressive singing, the man begins filming Houston as she performs. TIME commented that the video "tells the story of a romance with a cameraman ― and, more tellingly, with his adoring camera." Liam Lacey of The Globe and Mail, in an interview with Houston, called it "the blatantly erotic video" and added "Houston and a photographer have a suggestive encounter (the photographer with his zoom lens, the singer with her microphone)." Robyn Crawford, Houston's best friend and personal assistant, makes an appearance as one of the backing singers.

Live performances
As a solo artist, Houston first promoted "You Give Good Love" alongside other tunes from her debut album Whitney Houston in the shows, arranged by Clive Davis for music critics to see Houston perform, at Sweetwater's club in New York, the place where Cissy Houston had been bringing Whitney along, on February 12–16, 1985. She also performed the song on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson on April 5, 1985, which was her first National TV appearance since The Merv Griffin Show in 1983. This performance was included in the 2014 CD/DVD release, Whitney Houston Live: Her Greatest Performances. Houston performed the song on the syndicated TV special "The 1985 R&B Countdown" which aired on December 31, 1985. She delivered a performance of "You Give Good Love" on the 1st Soul Train Music Awards, where Houston was nominated for two categories, at the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium on March 23, 1987. The performance is found in the bonus DVD featured on Whitney Houston: The Deluxe Anniversary Edition, remastered to celebrate the 25th anniversary of its original release.

In addition to her numerous performances for the song in TV shows as well as award ceremonies, the song was included in setlist on Houston's first three tours, Greatest Love Tour (1986), Moment of Truth World Tour (1987–88) and Feels So Right Japan Tour (1990). Additionally, the song was performed on select dates of her The Bodyguard World Tour (1993–94) and My Love Is Your Love World Tour (1999). Among her tour performances of the song, the Yokohama Arena live footage on January 7, 1990, was taped and later broadcast on Japanese TV channel.

Live cover versions
Monica performed "You Give Good Love" as part of a tribute to Houston, the recipient of the Quincy Jones Award in that year, along with Ronald Isley, Terry Ellis and Kenny Lattimore at The 12th Soul Train Music Awards held on February 27, 1998. Jennifer Hudson covered the song as one of the setlist during her first US tour with Robin Thicke in April – May, 2009. Karen Rodriguez, one of Top 13 finalists on the tenth season of American Idol, auditioned on MySpace first and then in front of the judges in Los Angeles with the song in 2010.

Formats and track listings

 * UK, AUS 12" vinyl maxi single
 * A "You Give Good Love" (extended version) – 4:55
 * B1 "Someone for Me"
 * B2 "Thinking About You"
 * AUS, Japan 7" vinyl single
 * A "You Give Good Love" – 4:33
 * B "Greatest Love of All" – 4:55

 * UK 7" vinyl single
 * A "You Give Good Love"
 * B "Thinking About You"
 * US 7" vinyl single
 * A "You Give Good Love" – 3:58
 * B "Greatest Love of All" – 4:55

Credits and personnel
Credits adapted from the album Whitney Houston liner notes.

 * Whitney Houston – lead vocals
 * J. T. Lewis – drums
 * Yogi Lee – background vocals
 * Ira Siegel – guitar
 * Bashiri Johnson – percussion
 * Michael O'Reilly – mixing, engineer
 * Kashif – arrangements, producer

title: You Give Good Love


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Talk:Aeroméxico Flight 498

Memorial monuments
Photos of Memorial Monuments show that the description is not accurate. The larger monument is to the people on BOTH planes while the smaller one is to those on the ground. The bench text describes the event and the resulting improvements to safety procedures. Fixerted (talk) 22:06, 4 October 2010 (UTC)

Number of people in the Areomexico plane doesn't match in the article.

 * Good eye. I changed the death toll for the Aeromexico flight to 64, as per the NTSB Brief linked under the External Links. (Maaya 03:36, 20 August 2005 (UTC))

Please do not delete discussions. Thanks! :) Ste4k 06:55, 22 June 2006 (UTC)

Suggestion - TCA
Many current pilots and aviation enthusiasts may not know what a 'Terminal Control Area' is, since they no longer exist. It might be helpful to note somewhere that a TCA is the equivalent of what is now called 'Class B' or 'Bravo' airspace. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 206.171.168.138 (talk) 04:54, 4 June 2008 (UTC)

Aeromexico 498 articles
I found these but they ask for paid subscriptions: WhisperToMe (talk) 10:45, 22 February 2008 (UTC)
 * http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/58018645.html?dids=58018645:58018645&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Sep+01%2C+1986&author=&pub=Los+Angeles+Times+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&desc=Flight+498+Passenger%2C+Crew+List&pqatl=google
 * http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/58026296.html?dids=58026296:58026296&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Sep+12%2C+1986&author=&pub=Los+Angeles+Times+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&desc=8+More+Crash+Victims+Identified&pqatl=google
 * http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F5071FFB34550C718CDDA00894DE484D81
 * http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F50711FB3D5A0C728CDDA00894DE484D81
 * http://docs.newsbank.com/g/GooglePM/MH/lib00246,0EB365AC0A88A6B6.html

Patricia Knight
Why does Patricia Knight redirect to this article? She isn't mentioned anywhere. The only notable Patricia Knight I'm aware of was a minor U.S. actress, the first wife of Cornel Wilde. -- JackofOz (talk) 23:16, 7 April 2008 (UTC)
 * [[Image:Cerritos Air Disaster Memorial Casualties.JPG|thumb|right|200px|Names of victims]]
 * I don't know if it is the same Patricia Knight, but there was a Patricia Knight on board the airplane. CerritosDisaster (talk) 02:25, 5 October 2008 (UTC)
 * A little Googling reveals she's not the same Patricia Knight. The actress named Patricia Knight died 18 years later. See her IMDB page. CerritosDisaster (talk) 15:19, 5 October 2008 (UTC)
 * Patricia Knight no longer redirect to this article. CerritosDisaster (talk) 16:08, 5 October 2008 (UTC)

Location of crash site
CerritosDisaster (talk) 02:22, 5 October 2008 (UTC)

The Hermosillo
At the top right of the page, there is a photograph with the following caption: "A black-and-white photograph of the Hermosillo, missing its horizontal stabilizer as a result of the collision, plummeting into Cerritos". What does this mean? What does this have to do with the article's subject? What does "the Hermosillo" refer to? That term is not mentioned in the article at all (that I can see). This needs clarification. Thanks. Joseph A. Spadaro (talk) 06:31, 5 August 2014 (UTC)

It was the name of the plane. That's why "Hermosillo" is indented and referred to as "the". — Preceding unsigned comment added by YouarelovedSOmuch (talk • contribs) 23:21, 10 December 2014 (UTC)
 * There is no reliable citation I can find affirming this. Removing from the page until it can be sourced. Garchy (talk) 16:11, 23 March 2017 (UTC)

FAA culpability?
It doesn't say why the FAA were partly to blame. Did this refer to the ATC who was distracted by another plane in the wrong area, or to the regulations that needed tightening up? Valetude (talk) 15:37, 14 October 2015 (UTC)

Requested move 7 August 2019

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: Moved (non-admin closure) Iffy★Chat -- 10:03, 16 August 2019 (UTC)

1986 Cerritos mid-air collision → Aeroméxico Flight 498 – Almost every other article on a mid-air collision which involves a single commercial flight is named after that flight (PSA Flight 182, Gol Transportes Aéreos Flight 1907, Hughes Airwest Flight 706, etc). At the moment, the article title is both inconsistent and goes against WP:COMMONNAME. LearyTheSquid (talk) 20:50, 7 August 2019 (UTC)

 * Support – based on what I've seen of this suite of articles, it is generally based after the flight name. --IJBall (contribs • talk) 17:24, 9 August 2019 (UTC)
 * Support per nomination statement. RecycledPixels (talk) 16:05, 15 August 2019 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

Location of memorial
Why is the location for the memorial not given in the article? I had to read a newspaper article to find out that it is not at or near the crash site. 2601:204:D502:5E30:B081:D51C:7F36:74D3 (talk) 08:09, 27 November 2021 (UTC)

 * The link in the article sculpture garden says it is in the city of Cierritos. MilborneOne (talk) 08:19, 27 November 2021 (UTC)

Name
The name of this page is inaccurate. It is a mid-air collision, so it shouldn’t be named with only one name of the airplanes involved. I proposed to change the name to 1986 Cerritos Mid-Air Collision, and the entire first paragraph to be changed, and the same with all the articles that were cited on the 7 August 2019 discussion. It just isn’t right. Scre2010 (talk) 14:36, 17 December 2021 (UTC)

 * You will need to do a formal move request to gain a consensus. MilborneOne (talk) 14:51, 17 December 2021 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Aeroméxico Flight 498


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Chicago Aurora and Elgin Railroad

The Chicago Aurora and Elgin Railroad (CA&E), known colloquially as the "Roarin' Elgin" or the "Great Third Rail", was an interurban railroad that operated passenger and freight service on its line between Chicago and Aurora, Batavia, Geneva, St. Charles, and Elgin, Illinois. The railroad also operated a small branch to Mt. Carmel Cemetery in Hillside and owned a branch line to Westchester.

Wounded by the increased use of automobiles after World War II, the CA&E abruptly ended passenger service in 1957. Freight service was suspended in 1959, and the railroad was officially abandoned in 1961. Most of the right-of-way has since been converted to the Illinois Prairie Path rail trail.

Origin (1899–1901)
The first known attempt to create an electric railway between the metropolis of Chicago and the Fox Valley settlement of Aurora was in late 1891. By this time, passengers in Aurora and Elgin were served by steam railways. Elgin was served by the Milwaukee Road, Geneva and West Chicago served by the Chicago and North Western Railway, St. Charles served by the Chicago Great Western, and Aurora was served by the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy (CB&Q). However, it was thought that an electric line would greatly facilitate interurban travel, as there would be no freight trains to slow passenger trains. A group of investors founded the Chicago & Aurora Interurban Railway with a $1 million investment. However, the railroad was unable to secure additional funds; it failed to meet an 1893 construction deadline and effectively ceased operation thereafter. A second attempt came two years later with the Chicago, Elgin & Aurora Electric Railway. Plans called for the railroad to run through Turner (now West Chicago), Wheaton, and Glen Ellyn. Like its predecessor, the railroad failed to acquire the necessary funds for construction. Yet another group incorporated the DuPage Interurban Electric Railway in 1897, but was met with a similar fate. Small electric lines opened in the 1890s that connected the municipalities of the Fox River Valley. A profitable streetcar railway stretched from Aurora north to Carpentersville. The success of this railway inspired investors to again attempt an electric connection to Chicago. A group led by F. Mahler, E. W. Moore, Henry A. Everett, Edward Dickinson, and Elmer Barrett formed independent railway lines that were projected to stretch from Aurora and Elgin to Chicago. These two companies were incorporated on February 24, 1899. The Everett-Moore group was Ohio's largest interurban railroad company and had experience administrating several lines around Cleveland, most notably the Lake Shore Electric Railway. These two companies, the Aurora, Wheaton & Chicago Railway and Elgin & Chicago Railway, were incorporated on February 24, 1899.

Only one day after their founding, a second group of Cleveland-based investors, led by the Pomeroy-Mandelbaum group, incorporated the Aurora, Wheaton, & Chicago Railroad Company. Pomeroy-Mandelbaum was the second largest interurban railway company in Ohio and intended to compete against the Everett-Moore group. A meeting between the Everett-Moore syndicate and Pomeroy-Mandelbaum group occurred in either 1900 or 1901 to discuss the future of the two companies. They came to an agreement: Everett-Moore would build and maintain the railways connecting Aurora to Chicago while the Pomeroy-Mandelbaum group would control railways linking cities in the Fox River Valley (eventually consolidating as the Aurora, Elgin and Fox River Electric Company [AE&FRE]). A third railway, the Batavia & Eastern Railway Company, was incorporated by the Everett-Moore group in 1901 to link the town of Batavia to the Aurora line. On March 12, 1901, all of the previously incorporated Everett-Moore companies were merged into one, renamed the Aurora, Elgin & Chicago Railway Company (AE&C). Three million dollars' worth of bonds were issued in 1901 to support track construction.

Construction (1901–1902)
Construction commenced on September 18, 1900, when the AE&C started to grade its right-of-way. The AE&C received permission to cross existing track lines in February 1902, alleviating one of the largest obstacles in the railway's construction. Construction escalated following the winter months; by April, the third rail had been completed between Aurora and Wheaton. Later that month, the railway connected to the Metropolitan West Side Elevated Railroad at 52nd Avenue (modern day Laramie Avenue) in Chicago. The company operated steam locomotives on completed portions to deliver construction goods to where they were needed. Wheaton was selected as the site of the railroad's headquarters, car barn, and machine shop. $1.5 million in preferred stock was issued in April 1902 to cover unexpected costs. AE&C purchased a 28 acre lot south of Batavia and constructed a power station to provide electricity. Commercial electric power was not yet available at the time, so the railroad needed to provide its own power for the third rail. Steam boilers were fed with coal provided by the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad. On April 11, 1902, they signed a contract with General Electric to provide electrical generators, transformers, and converters for the powerhouse. The line completed a network of utility poles through the right-of-way, allowing communication and power exchange between electrical substations along the track in Aurora, Warrenville, and Lombard. A fifth station was built southeast of Wayne for the Elgin branch. The substations converted the alternating current in the power lines to a lower-voltage direct current for use in the third rail. After its completion, the power station also provided power for at least three small trolley lines and several Fox Valley communities.

The Cleveland Construction Company was hired to build the line. All three rails were traditional "T" design rails laid on stone ballast. Wooden railroad ties were laid 2,816 ties to the mile and separated at standard gauge. Every fifth tie was 9 ft long to support the third rail. The majority of the line was a double track, with a single track running from the Chicago Golf Club to Aurora. Roadbeds for the double track were 30 ft wide and were surrounded by woven wire fencing. The third rail was usually placed on the inner sides of the double track, providing safety for residents and employees. The third rail was interrupted at railroad crossings, where a cable was placed underground to carry the current across the 75 foot gap.

The first inspection trip of the 34.5 mi line was held on May 16, 1902. the train departed from 52nd Avenue to Aurora, then traversed the AE&FRE south to Yorkville then north to Dundee. AE&C management announced later that evening that they planned on opening the line on July 1. The AE&FRE announced soon afterward that it would offer express transfer service from Fox Valley communities to the AE&C. On May 17, the AE&C tested the powerhouse in Batavia and found several problems with its performance. Heavy rains in June stalled construction and washed out some completed roadbed. The opening date was pushed to July 12, but delays in rolling stock production further stalled it to August.

Poor investments forced the Everett-Moore syndicate to sell its shares in the AE&C in mid-1902. The company had formed a telephone company, but struggled to compete with the Bell Telephone Company. In addition, one of their construction companies went bankrupt, spurring a credit crisis in Cleveland. Creditors demanded pay, and the Everett-Moore group sold off several assets, including their shares of the railroad company totaling $200,000. The Pomeroy-Mandelbaum group still held a large share in the company and became leaders in its operation.

The G. C. Kuhlman Car Company was tasked with providing thirty passenger cars but, for unknown reasons, the deal fell through. An order was placed with the Niles Car and Manufacturing Company in March 1902 for ten cars. Niles Cars were in such high demand that the company was unable to fulfill the full order, but did deliver the AE&C's first six cars on July 29, 1902. The cars were 74325 lbs with four 125 hp motors and 36 inch wheels. They were described as "miniature Pullmans" and could seat forty-six or fifty-two passengers. Another twenty cars were ordered from the John Stephenson Car Company and would arrive after the railway was opened.

One final problem for the AE&C was finding enough qualified motormen to run the trains. The company found none in the immediate area and had to recruit sixteen men from Dayton, Ohio. Another inspection tour occurred on August 4, from Wheaton to 52nd Avenue. A Niles Car was pulled by a steam locomotive along the track to ensure that none of the curves were too sharp for the intended rolling stock. Original plans called for the third rail to guide the car, but the company experienced many electrical problems along its power lines. By the time the third rail was functioning properly, two hundred and fifty utility poles had burned to the ground due to faulty insulators. A final inspection took place on August 21 from Wheaton to Elmhurst. Although problems with the utility poles were noted, the inspection was otherwise considered a success. For the next three days, engineers tested the line from Aurora to Wheaton so that they would have a familiarity with the track.

Early service

Despite a malfunctioning power system, a group of nearly-untrained motormen, and only six pieces of operational rolling stock, the Aurora branch of the Chicago Aurora and Elgin Railroad opened on August 25, 1902. Fares were 25 cents one-way and 45 cents round-trip. Passengers who wanted to enter The Loop had to transfer to the Metropolitan West Side Elevated at 52nd Avenue for an additional five cents. Service began at 5:33am and concluded at 11:33pm, with trains running every thirty minutes. Terminals were opened to the public at 52nd Avenue, Austin Avenue (in Chicago), Oak Park, Harlem Avenue (in Forest Park), Maywood, Bellwood, Wolf Road (in Hillside), South Elmhurst, Secker Road (in Villa Park), Lombard, Glen Ellyn, College Avenue (in Wheaton), Wheaton, Gary Road (in Wheaton), Chicago Golf Grounds, Warrenville, Ferry Road (in Warrenville), Eola Junction (in Aurora), and Aurora. A one-way trip from Aurora to Chicago was seventy-five minutes. The final four cars from the Niles Car Company arrived on September 5 and were put into service seven days later. The original train schedules posted at stations showed service on the Batavia branch. However, actual service did not begin until the last week of September 1902. The Batavia branch met the Aurora branch at Eola Junction. Even when opened, the Batavia branch experienced little traffic and may have been primarily used as convenient transport for railroad officials to the Batavia powerhouse. The AE&C issued promotional leaflets to citizens of Fox Valley cities and towns. They also sent these pamphlets to settlements west of Aurora, hoping that people would take a steam train to Aurora and then transfer to the electric line. They boasted that the AE&C was the "finest electric railroad in the world." By the end of the year, the AE&C was seeing monthly earnings in excess of $16,500. In addition, the nearby Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad had a dramatic decrease of passengers between Aurora and Chicago.

The twenty cars from Stephenson arrived in December 1902. Fifteen cars were equipped with motors (even numbers 30–58) and five did not (odd numbers 101–109); these latter five cars were intended to only be used as trailing cars. Trailing cars would often be added or removed at Wheaton depending on the number of passengers. The Stephenson cars were almost identical in every respect to the Niles cars. These new cars reduced the travel time between Aurora and Chicago to one hour. The new cars also allowed the railroad to operate at faster speeds—one run from 52nd Avenue to Aurora averaged 65 mph.

Service to Elgin began on May 29, 1903. The 17.5 mi branch split off from the main line at Wheaton, and allowed trains from Chicago to reach the Fox Valley city in sixty-five minutes. When opened, the AE&C was able to change its schedules to allow trains to leave 52nd Avenue every fifteen minutes, alternating between Aurora and Elgin. All trains at this point ran locally, stopping at every station. The AE&C briefly considered expanding to Mendota in late 1903, but determined that it was not worth the financial risk. Though cars primarily carried passengers, some early morning cars carried light freight. Notably, the AE&C reached a deal with the Chicago Record Herald in October 1903 to distribute the paper to the suburbs along the line.

On December 1, 1909, the railroad added a branch from near Wheaton to Geneva. This was extended to St Charles August 25, 1910. Most of the interurban's lines used a third rail for power collection, which was relatively unusual for interurban railroads. While third rail had become the standard for urban elevated railroad and subway systems, most interurban railroads used trolley poles to pick up power from overhead wire; the AE&C only used trolley wire where necessary, such as in the few locations where the interurban had street running.

Originally, the railroad's Chicago terminus was the 52nd Avenue station that it shared with the Garfield Park elevated railroad line of the Metropolitan West Side Elevated Railroad, and where passengers transferred between interurban and elevated trains. Beginning on March 11, 1905, the interurban began operating over the Metropolitan's "L" tracks, allowing AE&C trains to directly serve downtown Chicago. At the same time, the Metropolitan's Garfield Park service was extended west of 52nd Avenue, replacing the AE&C as the provider of local service over the interurban's surface-level trackage as far west as Desplaines Avenue in Forest Park. The interurban's trains terminated at the stub-ended Wells Street Terminal, adjacent to the Loop elevated. The interurban continued to use the "L" tracks through the years of Chicago Rapid Transit Company (CRT) ownership and into the Chicago Transit Authority (CTA) era.

The Chicago Aurora and Elgin Railroad
World War I was tough for the AE&C, and the railroad entered bankruptcy in 1919. Having shed the Fox River Lines (an interurban which paralleled the Fox River), the reorganized company emerged from bankruptcy as the Chicago Aurora and Elgin Railroad on July 1, 1922, under the management of Dr. Thomas Conway Jr.

A branch from Bellwood to Westchester opened October 1, 1926. CRT's elevated train service was extended onto the branch; the "L" company was the sole provider of passenger service on the branch and this new service replaced the CA&E's own local service on its main line east of Bellwood.

Utilities magnate Samuel Insull gained control of the CA&E in 1926. Insull and his corporate interests had already taken over and improved the properties of the North Shore and South Shore Lines. Insull's plans to make similar improvements to the CA&E were scrapped as the result of the Great Depression. With the collapse of his utilities empire, Insull was forced to sell his interest in the CA&E, and the railroad was once again bankrupt by 1932. The line connecting West Chicago with Geneva and St. Charles was abandoned October 31, 1937.

Postwar years of decline
The railroad was unable to exit from bankruptcy until 1946. Even though the railroad suffered from low revenue, high debt, and shortage of capital, wartime revenues and hopes for a stronger customer base in the growing west suburban region led the railroad to undertake an improvement of its service. The railroad made substantial improvements to its physical plant and acquired ten new all-steel passenger cars in 1946 and made plans for eight more, with the intention of retiring the oldest wooden cars that had been on the railroad's roster from its earliest years.

However, the postwar years saw increasing shifts of passengers away from rail traffic and into automobiles, and then the CA&E found the rug pulled from beneath the railroad. The plans for construction of the Congress Street Expressway (now known as the Eisenhower Expressway) in the early 1950s not only loomed as a source of further drain on CA&E traffic, but the right-of-way of the new highway necessitated the demolition of the CTA's Garfield Park elevated line, which the CA&E depended upon to reach its downtown terminus.

The expressway's construction plans provided a dedicated right-of-way for trains in the highway's median strip. However, during the estimated five years to complete the superhighway, both "L" and interurban trains would need to use a temporary street-level right-of-way. When the plans circulated in 1951, CA&E objected to the arrangement, citing the effects on running time and scheduling of its trains as they negotiated the streets of Chicago's busy West Side at rush hour. The railroad estimated that the delays would cost the railroad nearly a million dollars a year, to say nothing of the long-term effects of the new superhighway on the railroad's revenue. Another long-term concern was the railroad's downtown terminal; the new median strip line would have no access to Wells Street Terminal. Instead, the replacement line would access the Loop through the Milwaukee-Dearborn Subway, where wood-bodied cars, which still made up a good portion of CA&E rolling stock, were prohibited.

As a compromise, the railroad gained approval to cut back its service to the Desplaines Avenue station in Forest Park — the westernmost terminus of CTA Garfield Park service, after the CTA ended its unprofitable elevated train service on the CA&E's Westchester line in 1951. At the new Forest Park terminal, riders would transfer from the CA&E interurban to a CTA train to complete their commute into the city. This terminal consisted of two loop tracks (one for CA&E and one for CTA) where passengers could make a cross-platform transfer between the interurban and trains of the CTA operating over the temporary street-level trackage — and presumably the eventual new median strip Congress line. Unfortunately, with the change being put into effect on September 20, 1953, CA&E riders lost their one-seat ride to downtown Chicago. Within a few months of the cutback, half of the line's passengers abandoned it in favor of the parallel commuter service provided by the Chicago and North Western Railroad — today operated by Metra as the Union Pacific West Line.

Final years
The loss of one-seat commuter service to the Loop devastated the interurban. The railroad's financial condition was already shaky, and schemes to restore downtown service faced various legal or operational obstacles. As early as 1952, the railroad had sought to substitute buses for trains, and after years of financial losses, in April 1957 the Illinois Commerce Commission authorized the railroad to discontinue passenger service. Passenger groups and affected municipalities sought injunctions that forced the railroad to temporarily continue service, but as soon as court rulings cleared the way, management abruptly ended passenger service, at noon on July 3, 1957. Commuters who had ridden the CA&E into the city found themselves stranded when they returned to take the train home. Freight operations continued for two more years until June 10, 1959. No trains ran after this point, but the right-of-way and rolling stock were preserved in the event that a party stepped forward to purchase the property. The official abandonment of CA&E came at 5:00pm on July 6, 1961, four years after the final passenger trains had run. The real estate became part of the Aurora Corporation of Illinois, a small conglomerate, which slowly sold off the right-of-way and other properties. Portions of the right-of-way are now operated as a multi-use trail called the Illinois Prairie Path.

Preservation
Besides the right-of-way, most of which has been retained as the Illinois Prairie Path, there are two depots, two combination depot/substations, and 19 pieces of rolling stock from the CA&E that still exist.

 * Clintonville substation in South Elgin, Illinois is currently the home of the Valley Model Railroad.
 * Prince Crossing substation in West Chicago, Illinois is currently owned by Wheaton Academy.
 * Villa Avenue depot in Villa Park, Illinois is the home to the Villa Park Historical Society.
 * Ardmore depot in Villa Park is the home to the Villa Park Chamber of Commerce.
 * Traction Terminal Building in Aurora.
 * Terminal Building 2 E. Wilson St Batavia.
 * The former company headquarters at 400-402 W Liberty St, Wheaton, is now used for offices.
 * Illinois Railway Museum in Union, Illinois owns cars 36, 308, 309, 319, 321, 409, 431, 451, 453, and 460.
 * Fox River Trolley Museum in South Elgin, Illinois owns cars 11, 20, 316, 317 and 458.
 * Rockhill Trolley Museum in Rockhill Furnace, Pennsylvania owns car 315.
 * Midwest Electric Railway in Mount Pleasant, Iowa owns car 320.
 * Seashore Trolley Museum in Kennebunkport, Maine owns car 434.
 * Connecticut Trolley Museum in East Windsor, Connecticut owns car 303.

title: Chicago Aurora and Elgin Railroad


text:
Pero Me Acuerdo de Ti

"Pero Me Acuerdo de Ti" ("But I Remember You") is a song written and produced by Rudy Pérez. It was first recorded by Puerto Rican singer Lourdes Robles on her album Definitivamente (1991). In the ballad, the singer remembers her lover even when she tries to forget. Nine years later, American recording artist Christina Aguilera included a cover version on her second studio album Mi Reflejo which Pérez also produced. It was released as the second single from the album in December 2000. The music video for Aguilera's version was directed by Kevin Bray.

Aguilera performed the song live at the 2001 Grammy Awards. Her version peaked at number eight on the Billboard Hot Latin Songs chart in the United States and number three in Spain. It received a Latin Grammy nomination for Record of the Year. It has been covered by Mexican singer Edith Márquez and Jencarlos Canela.

Background
In 1991, Puerto Rican recording artist Lourdes Robles released her third studio album Definitivamente which was arranged and produced by Cuban-American musician Rudy Pérez. Pérez wrote three songs for the album including "Pero Me Acuerdo de Ti". The song tells the story of a woman who cannot forget her lover. It was later included on Robles's greatest hits album Contradicciones y Sus Exitos (2007). In 2000, American recording artist Christina Aguilera covered "Pero Me Acuerdo de Ti" on her second studio album Mi Reflejo which was also produced by Pérez.

Release and reception
"Pero Me Acuerdo de Ti" was serviced to Latin radio stations the second week of December 2000 in the United States. It reached number eight on Hot Latin Songs and five on Hot Latin Pop Songs in the US. In Spain, it reached number three on the country's singles chart. Kurt B. Reighley from Wall of Sound was positive toward the song, saying that Aguilera is "persuasive and engaging" on the song. Orlando Sentinel editor Perry Gettelman was not impressed, writing that "She seems equally fond of acrobatic trills and low, sex-kittenish moans". Writing for the Billboard magazine, Lucas Villa provided a supporting commentary and called the ballad "heartbreaking". At the 2nd Latin Grammy Awards, "Pero Me Acuerdo de Ti" received a Latin Grammy nomination for Record of the Year which went to Alejandro Sanz for "El Alma al Aire". It has been called "one of Aguilera's greatest hits" by Rolling Stone en Español.

Promotion and live performances
The video for "Pero Me Acuerdo de Ti" was directed by Kevin G. Bray, which features Aguilera performing the song in a recording studio. As of October 2023, the video has four hundred seventy million views on YouTube, and therefore it was given a Vevo Certified Award. Aguilera also gave a performance at the 2001 Grammy Awards in February, performing "Pero Me Acuerdo de Ti" and "Falsas Esperanzas". Leila Cobo of Billboard magazine called Aguilera's Grammy performance "remarkably mainstream".

In December 2019, Aguilera performed the song, along with "Falsas Esperanzas" and "Contigo en la Distancia", during the Mexican leg of her concert tour, The X Tour. In February 2021, she sang "Pero Me Acuerdo de Ti" at the Verizon's "Big Concert for Small Business" Super Bowl afterparty.

Other cover versions
Mexican singer and actress Edith Márquez performed a cover of the song on her studio album Pasiones de Cabaret (2008). In the same year, America band Dark Latin Groove performed a salsa cover of the song on their album Renacer (2008) which was produced by Sergio George. It was also performed live by American actor and singer Jencarlos Canela (whom Pérez has also worked with) in the House of Blues, Orlando.

title: Pero Me Acuerdo de Ti


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Andrew T. Austin

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete --Allen3 talk 12:58, August 23, 2005 (UTC)

Andrew T. Austin
vanity, non-notable, promotion Ben-w 20:23, 17 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, per above. Sdedeo 20:59, 17 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, distincly non notable. PubLife 21:03, 17 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, non-notable vanity article--take it to the User pages.--Craigkbryant 21:19, 17 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete vanity. Jaxl | talk 23:27, 17 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Had this not been nominated for deletion I would have speedied it for not even claiming notability. David | Talk 23:29, 17 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Secretlondon 04:27, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
God of Gamblers II

God of Gamblers II is a 1990 Hong Kong action comedy film written and directed by Wong Jing. It stars Andy Lau as the Knight of Gamblers, Stephen Chow as the Saint of Gamblers, and Ng Man-tat as Blackie Tat. This film is a sequel to both God of Gamblers, which included Lau's character, and to All for the Winner, which starred Chow and Ng. This film should not be confused with God of Gamblers Returns, also released as God of Gamblers 2, and in essence the true sequel to the original God of Gamblers.

In this film, down on his luck Sing (Chow) seeks out the God of Gamblers in hopes of becoming his disciple. Unfortunately, the God of Gamblers is unreachable and out of the country, last heard to be in Brazil, and Michael Chan, the Knight of Gamblers (Lau) replaces the God of Gamblers. When a phony attempts to impersonate the Knight of Gamblers in a huge scam, it's up to the real Knight and Saint of Gamblers to team up and defeat their formidable challenger. The film combines intricate action sequences with sharp comedic timing.

Plot
After being mentored by the God of Gamblers Ko Chun, Michael Chan/Little Knife (Andy Lau) has become a top gambler and become renowned in the United States, where he is branded as the Knight of Gamblers. Having achieved success and fortune, Michael currently inhabits in a villa previously owned by his Kuwaiti neighbour, Sam, who has gone broke after Iraq's invasion of Kuwait. Ko's friend, Mr. Yama plans to announce Michael's identity and his charity casino project to the Hong Kong press, but Ko's rival, Chan Kam-sing, who is imprisoned after being defeated by Ko, wants to seek revenge, so Chan's godson, Hussein, schemes to destroy Michael's reputation by impersonating him. On the other hand, Sing (Stephen Chow), despite a world champion gambler and branded as the Saint of Gamblers, is living in poverty since he cannot spend any money won by using his supernatural powers as it gives him bad luck, so his uncle, Blackie Tat (Ng Man-tat) suggests him to plead the God of Gamblers to accept him as a disciple. After sending a video to Michael which he dismisses, Sing and Tat march into Michael's mansion where they are kicked out by the latter. They sneak in again at night but is caught and beaten by Michael's bodyguard, Lung Ng (Charles Heung), but they refuse to leave and stays outside all night. The next day, Hussein sends killers to Michael's mansion. While Michael defeats several assassins and successfully escapes with Sing and Tat, Ng was knocked out in an explosion and was abducted by Black Panther.

Michael brings Sing and Tat to his village old home, which is inhabited by his underling, Raven, and Sam. Using his supernatural powers, Sing sees an unconscious Ng being brought to a bar, so he visits the bar with Tat where they meet the owner, Dream (Sharla Cheung), who looks exactly like Sing's old crush, Yee-mung. Tat becomes smitten with Dream, much to Sing's dismay, and pleads Sing to transfer some of his supernatural powers to him. Tat uses the powers to win stud poker game at Dream's house and gives some of his winnings to Dream, causing himself and Sing (whose power energy is connected to) to lose their supernatural powers. It is then revealed that Hussein found out from a mainland Chinese supernatural power expert, Tai-kwan, how to get rid of Sing's powers and forced Dream, who owes him HK$2 million to manipulate Tat. Hussein then attempts to rape Dream and kidnaps Tat.

Meanwhile, Michael finds out from the newspaper that Hussein's schemes were the latter plans to announce to the press about a fraud casino ship project to scam patrons, Michael plans to expose Hussein and prove himself to be the true Knight of Gamblers. With the help of Sing, Michael manages to win enough funds from Brother Kau's gambling den and confronts Hussein on his ship the next day to face off with him. However, Hussein's ship is surveilled with high technology to help him cheat and since Sing lost his supernatural power, Michael loses. When Michael attempts to calls his mentor in Brazil to expose Hussein to the press, he discovers Tat and Ng have been captured and backs off. While feeling hopeless, Sam scolds Michael and Sing before returning to Kuwait to fight for his country, which motivates to confront Hussein at his ship again the next day. Knife publicly asks Hussein for HK$20, which he is able to use and win HK$25 million while Sing (having freed Tat and Lung) helps him distract Tai-kwan, allowing him to enter into the King of Cards competition. As other players are eliminated, Michael, Sing, Hussein and Tai-kwan remain at the table. While Hussein and Tai-kwan try to cheat, Michael and Sing work together and eventually defeat Hussein and causes Tai-kwan to lose his supernatural power because of cussing. Hussein's henchmen attempt to kill them, but Michael, Sing takes them down with the help of Ng and his younger sister, Kowloon and Michael exposes Hussein to the public before flykicking his face with Sing. In the end, Michael proposes a plan to Sing where the two agree to give each other their winnings, since Ko demands Michael to donate most of his winnings to charity and Sing would lose his powers if he spends his winnings, but Ko arrives to interrupt them.

Cast

 * Andy Lau as Michael Chan / Little Knife (陳刀仔), the first disciple of the God of Gamblers, Ko Chun, who has become a top gambler in his own right and branded as the Knight of Gamblers (賭俠) after inheriting his mentor's skills and touring around the world participating in charity events. He teams up with Sing, whom he initially considered a nuisance, to defeat Hussien when the latter steals his identity to ruin his reputation.
 * Stephen Chow as Chow Sing-cho (周星祖), known as the Saint of Gamblers (賭聖), a world champion gambler with supernatural powers who seeks to become a disciple of the God of Gamblers. Initially rebuffed by Michael, Sing later assists him to defeat Hussein.
 * Monica Chan as Long Kau / Kowloon (龍九), Lung Ng's tough younger sister who works for the Interpol and is Michael's love interest.
 * Ng Man-tat as Uncle Three (三叔), nicknamed Blackie Tat (黑仔達), Sing's third uncle who suggests him to become a disciple of the God of Gamblers.
 * Sharla Cheung as Madame Dream (夢蘿), a bar owner who resembles Sing's old crush, Yee-mung, was forced by Hussein, who she is indebt HK$2 million, to manipulate Tat to cause Sing to lose his supernatural powers. She later helps Sing regain his powers and becomes his lover.
 * Charles Heung as Lung Ng (龍五), Michael and Ko Chun's bodyguard who was a former operative of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam Special Forces.
 * Pal Sinn as Hussein (侯賽因), Chan Kam-sing's godson who helps his godfather seek revenge by impersonating Michael's identity as the Knight of Gamblers to swindle money.
 * Blackie Ko as Black Panther (黑豹), Hussein's top henchmen who proves to be a match to Lung Ng
 * John Ching as Tai-kwan (大軍), a supernatural power expert from China hired by Hussein.
 * Ronald Wong as Raven (烏鴉), Michael's close friend and underling.
 * Shing Fui-On as Brother Kau (大口九), owner of an illegal gambling den that Michael used to frequent in the past.
 * Pau Hon Lam as Chan Kam-sing (陳金城), known as the Beast of Gamblers, a Singaporean gambler and swindler who is imprisoned after being defeated by Ko Chun.
 * Luk Chuen as Mr. Yama (上山宏次), Ko Chun's good friend who was later killed by Black Panther.
 * Kirk Wong as C.N. Tai, a cocky gambler who was defeated by Michael in a game of Blackjack during a charity event in San Francisco.
 * Wong Jing as Ham Ka-chan (冚家剷), Michael's neighbour who mistakes Sing for calling him when the latter was singing. (uncredited cameo)
 * Mansook Ahmed as Sam (阿三), Michael's formerly rich Kuwaiti neighbour who gone broke after Kuwait was invaded by Iraq and ended living in Michael's old village home rented to him by Raven.
 * Chow Yun-fat as Ko Chun, known as God of Gamblers, an internationally renowned gambler and Michael's mentor who eventually accepts Sing as his second disciple. Chow makes uncredited cameo appearance in the ending through archive footage.

Title
Even though the international English title is God of Gamblers II, this is not the direct sequel to the 1989 film starring Chow Yun-fat. This film's title literally translates to The Knight of Gamblers, the name of Andy Lau's character.

Significance of the film
Wong Jing was so impressed with All for the Winner that he contacted Stephen Chow to star in two sequels made during 1991. This combo went on to make several money making films turning Stephen Chow into an Asian Comedy star and helping boost Wong Jing's status as one of the top film makers in Hong Kong.

This film is followed by God of Gamblers III: Back to Shanghai, which does not have Andy Lau, but features actress Gong Li in two roles.

title: God of Gamblers II


text:
User talk:Akibitzer

Hello - what happened was I blocked User:Stupidfuck, but Wikimedia has a feature whereby any IP address a blocked username tries to use is itself temporarily blocked. Anyway, that IP address should hopefully be usable again now. Evercat 20:23, 17 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Akibitzer


text:
User talk:Graius

Please do not engage in votes when you have no other activity on Wikipedia. Wikipedia tries to be serious activity, not a joke, and keeping it clean takes lot of effort and time. Pavel Vozenilek 20:23, 17 August 2005 (UTC)

Actually, I do participate in Wikipedia, I just don't always log in to do it. I tend to brush up the spelling and grammar on pages that I come across. I only log in to do this occasionally, and did not register solely to vote. I certainly did not vote in it just as a joke, and I take wikipedia very seriously. - Graius

 * Thanks for the help. Articles about micronations are quite sore point in Wikipedia and that made me perhaps too suspicious when checking edits here. Pavel Vozenilek 00:28, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

That's fine, micronationalists have set up their own wiki anyway, available at shireroth.org/wiki

title: User talk:Graius


text:
Talk:Rockaway, Queens

Rockaway name
No one refers to the area as Rockaway. It is the Specific area (i.e. Far Rockaway, or Rockaway Park). THere is no place on the map named Rockaway. I believe that Rockaway, New York needs to be merged into The Rockaways, which is similar to The Bronx.
 * As I am from Rockaway and would never say I am from the Rockaways, it is possible that this could be resolved differently, further there IS a place called Bronx, NY even though people say the bronx. The closest geographical grouping might be just to make it Rockaway Penninsula, which while not a political division is geographical. Dlgoldstein 04:25, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * People from Rockaway say they're from Rockaway. Merging it into "The Rockaways" would be an outsider's description only.
 * WP:OR. Epicgenius (talk) 17:23, 18 September 2014 (UTC)

"There are less than 50 bungalows left, who live with the increasing threat of urban renewal." I don't believe there is a threat of urban renewal, why bother to "URBAN RENEW" by taking the less than 50 bungalows, when there are miles of oceanfront already cleared of bungalows by the misguided (and incomplete) URBAN RENEWAL of the 1960's? Since when is a bungalow a "who"?

Something Like This...
Note: The comment about the easternmost portion forming the town of East Rockaway is not correct. (1) East Rockaway is a village in the Town of Hempstead. (2) East Rockaway is several miles from the Rockaway peninsula. (3) The nearest Nassau County communities are Inwood, Lawrence, and Cedarhurst.

Notes belong on the talk page I believe, and then worded to fit with an encyclopedic format...however, I don't know much about this part of New York, so I think I should leave it up to someone else who does know about it to fix it so it will be correct. -WikiFiend90 18:28, 29 June 2006 (UTC)

Could any one add the population figures for the entire rockaway (Queens only). From Far rockaway to breezy point. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 151.202.104.229 (talk) 00:09, 20 July 2008 (UTC)

Geography vs Common Parlance
Someone from Woodmere, for example, would not likely say, "I live on the Rockaway Peninsula." But that person would be correct from a geographical standpoint. A close look at a map shows open water affected by tidal action reaching east of Kennedy Airport as far as Valley Stream and north of Long Beach as far as Rockville Center. There is a reason that East Rockaway got its name. It is geographically part of the peninsula. The Five Towns (Inwood, Lawrence, Cedarhurst, Woodmere, Hewlett) are also all on the peninsula. In fact it could be argued that the southern edges of Lynbrook are also part of the peninsula, but I don't want to belabor the point!) . Some people believe that Far Rockaway is so named because it is the farthest point east from the tip of the peninsula (Breezy Point).  But in fact is was so named because it was the farthest point west from the standpoint of the early settlers coming from Hempstead.  (Interestingly, and tellingly, East Rockaway was originally called Near Rockaway.)  Past Far Rockaway westward, there was nothing but empty land of sand and salt grass.  Over the past two centuries, The Rockaway Peninsula has been built up along its entirety.  But the tidal water courses defining its geographical limits have not been filled in.

There is no article describing the Rockaway Peninsula as a geographical entity. Frankly, I don't think there would be enough information to create more than a stub, anyway. Therefore, I think it is worth including a short paragraph in this article to explain this geographical point with a caveat that those living in the "Nassau Rockaways" almost never use this designation. Well, at least not today. An external link in the article (Bellot's History of the Rockaways from 1685 to 1917 talks about the complete peninsula as being the Rockaways. And, as late as the 1970's, there were local phone books called "Nassau & Queens Rockaways"  Nassau Rockaways in the front, Queens Rockaways in the back and unified yellow pages in the middle.  --@Efrat (talk) 16:45, 10 January 2013 (UTC)

Other sources I found
WhisperToMe (talk) 05:53, 10 June 2020 (UTC)
 * https://www.citylab.com/life/2019/08/rockaway-beach-hurricane-sandy-climate-change-gentrification/596080/
 * https://grist.org/cities/how-new-yorks-poor-ended-up-along-its-vulnerable-coast/

title: Talk:Rockaway, Queens


text:
Category:Rallus

Rallus is the genus of typical rails.

title: Category:Rallus


text:
Talk:Enoch Light

Untitled
Looks like someone basically re-wrote the biography from the Official website. Not so much a re-writing as a re-wording: I'm not sure if the editor really changed enough to make it his or her own words (and in some cases, the re-wording changed the meaning entirely). I wonder whether this is a borderline copyvio. Which would be too bad, because Enoch Light is ceraintly worthy of an encyclopedia entry. -- Gyrofrog (talk) 20:24, 17 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Also just noticed that Enoch Light turns 100 tomorrow. -- Gyrofrog (talk) 20:40, 17 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I looked for other sources, but they all seemed to be blatant copy and pastes of that article. So I tryed to reword as best I could and hope that other editors would come along and change it up in the future...Isn't that how Wikipedia works, don't wory if it's not perfect, someone will come along and fix it later...At least I started the article.

--The_stuart 14:09, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

 * No, you did good, I was just worried that it might be too similar. I took a crack at it myself, so we're probably far enough from the original by now. And yes, now it is indeed Enoch Light's 100th birthday. -- Gyrofrog (talk) 16:07, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

The comment about Enoch Light inventing the gatefold album cover is incorrect. It was in use at least as early as January 1958, as I have a copy of the "Mercury Spin Girl" promotional record issued in that month by Mercury Records, which has a gatefold cover. I suspect it may have been used earlier. Also the "Belafonte at Carnegie Hall" on RCA had a gatefold cover, released in October 1959, which was probably developed independently at the same time.Obscurelabel 16:58, 26 May 2007 (UTC)

Utter nonsense about the gatefold packaging invention. I have albums from 1946 (on 78rpm shellac, obviously) with gatefold covers. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.247.133.180 (talk) 04:30, 15 January 2010 (UTC)

Moog
He was also an early pioneer of the Moog synthesizer in his music.174.89.100.66 (talk) 17:43, 5 July 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Enoch Light


text: User talk:84.44.139.68

title: User talk:84.44.139.68


text:
The Fall on Deaf Ears

The Fall on Deaf Ears was a musical group from El Paso, Texas, most notable for featuring Cedric Bixler-Zavala of At the Drive-In and The Mars Volta, who played drums, and Clint Newsom of Rhythm of Black Lines and The Hades Kick on guitar. The Fall on Deaf Ears played in the post-hardcore style typical of bands such as The Nation of Ulysses and Circus Lupus. They played live shows with bands such as Propagandhi, Egon and Select Your Fighter. The act only recorded a handful of songs before bassist Laura Beard and guitarist Sarah Reiser were killed in a car wreck in 1997. They were both 17 years old.

Cedric Bixler-Zavala would later write the song "Napoleon Solo" as singer/lyricist with At The Drive-in about the tragedy. In the 5 recorded tracks, samples of Miles Davis' "Bitches Brew" can be heard.

Zavala moved on to At the Drive-In from The Fall on Deaf Ears and later to The Mars Volta.

Members

 * Sarah Reiser - Vocals, Guitar
 * Laura Beard - Vocals, Bass
 * Cedric Bixler-Zavala - Drums, Vocals
 * Clint Newsom - Guitar, Vocals, Recording

Discography

 * The Fall on Deaf Ears EP
 * 1. Your Reflection - 3:38
 * 2. Screws and Bolts - 4:30
 * 3. Do You Speak Braille? - 2:25
 * 4. Calls of Defilement - 4:43
 * 5. Talking Radio Talking Star - 3:54

title: The Fall on Deaf Ears


text: User talk:81.208.83.246

title: User talk:81.208.83.246


text:
J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. I (1990 video game)

J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. I is a role-playing video game published by Interplay Productions. It is an adaptation of The Fellowship of the Ring by J. R. R. Tolkien, being the first volume in The Lord of the Rings. The game was released in 1990 for DOS, in 1991 for the Amiga and PC-98, and in 1992 for the FM Towns. It was followed by J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. II: The Two Towers. It was originally designed for the Commodore 64, but the production team switched to the newer platforms. The game was designed by Troy A. Miles, Scott Bennie, Jennell Jaquays, and Bruce Schlickbernd. For the later versions, the cutscenes are taken from the 1978 Lord of the Rings film directed by Ralph Bakshi.

Overview
The game is a role-playing game (RPG) in which the player, after an opening cinematic, takes control of Frodo Baggins just outside Bag End. From here, the player gradually "recruits" various members of the Fellowship, and while the game can be completed by following the novel for the most part, many side-quests also exist to entertain the player. The game world was quite large and featured a cast of characters from both the text and outside of it; character interaction is carried out through "questioning" other characters by typing keywords in a box. The player can swap whoever leads the "fellowship", equip other party members with a range of weapons and armour, distribute skills among the group, cast spells, and perform various skill-based actions. While following a somewhat linear plot, gameplay is quite open and players can revisit old areas and, potentially, discover new situations and characters, creating a fairly dynamic game world. The game also includes a day/night cycle, in which enemies such as the Nazgûl make more frequent appearance outside of daylight hours, and other enemies receive strength bonuses in the dark.

Departures from the book include new characters and shifts in items to create player "quests"—such as finding the pieces of Andúril scattered across the lands west of Rivendell to reforge Aragorn's sword, whereas in the book Aragorn had all fragments. The most significant change is in the climax, where Frodo and Sam are carried off by a Nazgûl to the tower of Dol Guldur, and the rest of the Fellowship must solicit the help of the Elves of Lothlórien and Radagast the Brown, a wizard, in order to infiltrate the tower and save Frodo before the Witch-king carries him away to Mordor. Strangely enough, events in Lothlórien are actually quite true to the book, including the mirror of Galadriel and a quest to find all the gifts she gives the Fellowship.

The game was packaged with maps of the major dungeons of the game.

Reception
Computer Gaming World's Charles Ardai in 1991 liked the game's characters, puzzles, graphics, and soundtrack, but criticized it for not going beyond the source material and, by being the first of a trilogy, forcing players to wait after seeing one third of the story. The magazine concluded that "what it is not, is special enough to carry the Tolkien name", regretting that the author was not alive to collaborate in game design. Scorpia in 1991 cited some flaws but called the game "probably the best so far of the Tolkien adaptations" and in 1993 stated that it was "a big game [that] will not be completed quickly, no matter how well you may know your Tolkien". The game was reviewed in 1991 in Dragon #169 by Hartley, Patricia, and Kirk Lesser in "The Role of Computers" column. The reviewers gave the game 4 out of 5 stars.

Legacy
As the game is without official support for many years, a community developer reverse engineered the game engine and, around the year 2009 created a substitute which allowed the porting of the game itself to modern platforms, such as Windows, Linux and the OpenPandora handheld.


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Richard Brathwait

Richard Brathwait or Brathwaite (1588 – 4 May 1673) was an English poet.

Life
Brathwait was born at Burnishead, near Kendal. He entered Oriel College, Oxford in 1604, and remained there for some years, pursuing the study of poetry and Roman history. He moved to Cambridge to study law at the university and afterwards to London to the Inns of Court. His father, Thomas, died in 1610, and Brathwait went down to live on the estate he inherited. He was married at Hurworth in County Durham, 4 May 1617, to Frances, daughter of James Lawson, of Nesham Abbey.

In 1633 his wife died, and in 1639 he married again. His only son by this second marriage, Sir Strafford Brathwait, was killed at sea. Brathwait is believed to have served with the Royalist army in the Civil War.

He was the author of many works of very unequal merit, of which the best known is Drunken Barnaby's Four Journeys, which records his pilgrimages through England in rhymed Latin (said by Southey to be the best of modern times), and doggerel English verse. The English Gentleman (1631) and English Gentlewoman are in a much more decorous strain. Other works are The Golden Fleece (1611) (poems), The Poet's Willow, A Strappado for the Devil (a satire), and Art Asleepe, Husband?

His 1613 book The Yong Mans Gleanings contains the first known use of the word "computer"; he used the word to refer to an "".

An extract from both Drunken Barnaby and his “epitaph to Frances, (his wife)” appears in The Bishoprick Garland by (Sir) Cuthbert Sharp.

title: Richard Brathwait


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Kevin McCoy (priest)

Kevin C. McCoy (born 1954) is an American Roman Catholic priest.

He was born at Jefferson, Iowa on April 24, 1954. McCoy attended Loras College in Dubuque, IA as well as the North American College in Rome. He was ordained July 25, 1981 in Jefferson, IA. He was Chancellor of the Diocese of Sioux City from 1987 to 1998 and was named Monsignor in 1998. McCoy served as the rector of the Pontifical North American College in Rome from 2001 until 2005, when he was selected as head of the capital campaign for that college in Washington, D.C.

title: Kevin McCoy (priest)


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Talk:Faxfleet Preceptory

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title: Talk:Faxfleet Preceptory


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Category:Porzana

Porzana is a genus of crakes.

title: Category:Porzana


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Jacob Baart de la Faille

Jacob Baart de la Faille (1 June 1886 – 7 August 1959) compiled the first catalogue raisonné of the work of Vincent van Gogh, published in 1928. The catalogue was revised and republished by an editorial committee in 1970, and this version is considered to be the definitive catalogue of van Gogh's work.

His catalogue numbers are preceded by an "'F": thus The Starry Night is designated F612.

Shortly after the publication of the original catalogue, de la Faille became involved in a major fraud affair concerning the Berlin art dealer Otto Wacker. De la Faille had certified the authenticity of 30 paintings which were later determined to be fakes.

Biography
Jacob-Baart de la Faille was born in Leeuwarden to a Dutch father, Cornelis Baart de la Faille, and a Belgian mother, Henriette Adriana Krayenhoff. At the University of Utrecht he majored in law, not in art. He died in Heemstede.

Writings

 * J.-B. de La Faille: L'Epoque française de Van Gogh, MM. Bernheim-Jeune, éditeurs d'art, Paris ("acheve d'imprimer le 25 aout 1927")
 * J.-B. de la Faille: L'Œuvre de Vincent van Gogh, catalogue raisonné, ouvrage accompagné de la reproduction de plus de 1.600 tableaux, dessins, aquarelles et gravures du Maître. 6 vols. Les Éditions G. van Oest, Paris & Bruxelles, 1928
 * 2nd edition, revising the catalogue of paintings only, Hyperion, Paris 1937 (comprising editions in English, French, and German)
 * 3rd edition, edited since 1961 by a committee initially including J. G. van Gelder, W. Jos de Gruyter, A. M. Hammacher (chairman), Jan Hulsker and H. Gerson, in 1962 joined by Annet Tellegen-Hoogendoorn, later by Martha Op de Coul and, due to time passing, by others

 * J.-B. de la Faille: Les faux Van Gogh, avec 176 reproductions. Les Éditions G. van Oest, Paris & Bruxelles, 1930

title: Jacob Baart de la Faille


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Wolfgang Lüth

Wolfgang Lüth (15 October 1913 – 14 May 1945) was a German U-boat captain of World War II who was credited with the sinking of 46 merchant ships plus the FRENCH SUBMARINE Doris sunk during 15 war patrols, for a total tonnage of.

Lüth joined the Reichsmarine in 1933. After a period of training on surface vessels, he transferred to the U-boat service in 1936. In December 1939 he received command of GS U-9 (1935), which he took on six war-patrols. In June 1940 he took command of GS U-138 (1940) for two patrols. In October 1940 he transferred again, this time to the ocean-going submarine GS U-43 (1939) for five war-patrols. After two patrols on GS U-181, the second being his longest of the war, he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds. He was the first of two U-boat commanders to be so honored during World War II, the other recipient being Albrecht Brandi.

Lüth's last service position was commander of the Naval Academy Mürwik near Flensburg. He was accidentally shot and killed by a German sentry after the end of the war on the night of 13/14 May 1945. On 16 May 1945, Lüth was given a state funeral by the Flensburg Government.

Early life and career
Lüth was a Baltic German born in Riga, then part of the Russian Empire. He went to the Naturwissenschaftliches Gymnasium there and after he had received his Abitur (certificate), he studied law for three semesters at the Herder-Institut. With his parents' approval he left Latvia to join the German Reichsmarine (renamed Kriegsmarine in 1935) on 1 April 1933 as an officer candidate. After he underwent basic military training, he was transferred to the training ship Gorch Fock attaining the rank of Seekadett (naval cadet) on 23 September 1933. He initially served with the surface fleet, going on a nine-month training tour around the world in the cruiser Karlsruhe from 24 September 1933 to 27 June 1934. He advanced in rank to Fähnrich zur See (midshipman) on 1 July 1934 and served for a year aboard the light cruiser Königsberg (22 March 1936 – 31 January 1937), attaining the rank of Oberfähnrich zur See (senior midshipman) on 1 April 1936 and Leutnant zur See (ensign) on 1 October 1936.

In February 1937 he transferred to the U-boat Arm and was promoted to Oberleutnant zur See (lieutenant) on 1 June 1938. In July he was appointed 2nd Watch Officer of GS U-27 (1936) (3 July 1938 – 23 October 1938). He sailed on a patrol in Spanish waters during the civil war in that country on the U-boat tender Erwin Wassner (13 April 1939 – 18 May 1939). In October he was appointed the 1st Watch Officer of GS U-38 (1938) under the command of Kapitänleutnant (Lieutenant) Heinrich Liebe, who during the course of World War II would earn the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves. When war broke out, Lüth was on patrol with U-38 which had left Wilhelmshaven on 19 August 1939 and patrolled the Western Approaches until returning to base on 18 September 1939.

U-9
On 30 December 1939 Lüth took command of GS U-9 (1935), a Type IIB U-boat. He went on six patrols with this boat, achieving steady success. In January 1940, U-9 sank the Swedish merchantman Flandria, following the premature ignition of a smoke float. This surface attack was carried out while U-9's bridge was filled with onlooking crew members. Other sinkings included the surfaced French submarine FRENCH SUBMARINE Doris during the night of 8–9 May 1940 and seven merchant ships with a total of. An attack on ORP Błyskawica on 20 April 1940, however, was unsuccessful as the torpedoes malfunctioned and detonated in the wake of the destroyer.

U-138
On 27 June 1940 Lüth took command of GS U-138 (1940), a Type IID submarine, with which he sank four ships on his first patrol, totalling. In October, U-138 returned from his second patrol, during which it fired a torpedo at (but missed) the Norwegian merchant steamer SS Dagrun, sank the British merchant steamer SS Bonheur and damaged the British motor tanker British Glory. Initially, the German authorities believed that British Glory had been sunk and Lüth was nominated for the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross, which he was awarded on 24 October 1940. In the radio announcement, Lüth was credited with sinking 12 ships and one submarine of 87,236 tons, when in reality sunken tonnage added up to only by the end of September, rising to  on 15 October 1940.

U-43
For his achievements, Lüth was given command of a new boat, and on 21 October 1940 Lüth took command of GS U-43 (1939), a long range Type IX U-boat. After twice aborting the first patrol due to mechanical failures, he carried out five patrols with this boat, totaling 204 days at sea, sinking 12 ships adding up to. On 1 January 1941 he was promoted to Kapitänleutnant. Lüth, because of his experience–like many other top commanders–was tasked with training future U-boat commanders, including Erich Würdemann. These trainees often came along on single war-patrols, which would be their last exercise before they received their own command.

U-43 was due to depart Lorient on a war patrol to an area off Freetown, west Africa, but early on 4 February 1941, she sank while tied to Ysere, an old sailing ship (which had carried the Statue of Liberty to New York in 1885) which was used as a floating pier. Valves and vents had been tampered-with the previous day, but no one had noticed the slow, but steady ingress of water into the bilges. To make matters worse and contrary to a Befehlshaber der U-Boote (BdU—U-boat command headquarters) directive, a hatch had been left open, allowing water to pour into the aft torpedo room. Two petty officers were found to be most at fault; but Lüth, as captain, was ultimately responsible. However, according to author Jordan Vause, no record of punishment seems to have survived and Lüth's career does not appear to have been affected. U-43 was refloated and Lüth took it back out into the North Atlantic in May 1941.

U-181
In January 1942, upon the completion of another patrol, Lüth was ordered to bring U-43 back to Germany for an overhaul. On 9 May 1942 Lüth was given command of a long-range Type IXD-2 U-boat, GS U-181. He left on his first patrol in September 1942, departing from Kiel for the Indian Ocean and waters off South Africa. In October he reached the sea lanes outside Cape Town and spent a month patrolling the area. On 13 November 1942, while still at sea, Lüth received a signal stating that he had been awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves.

Two days later, U-181 was heavily damaged by the British destroyer Inconstant in an engagement that lasted nine hours before Lüth was able to escape. After repairing his vessel, Lüth led it to Lourenco Marques and for the next fortnight U-181 undertook a series of surface attacks which resulted in eight ships being sunk, most primarily with U-181's deck gun. In January 1943, after sinking 12 ships for, U-181 returned to Bordeaux in France, in January 1943. On 31 January 1943, Lüth and other Kriegsmarine officers traveled to the Wolf's Lair, Hitler's headquarters at Rastenburg, present-day Kętrzyn in Poland, for the Oak Leaves presentation. Following the presentation, Hitler met with Dönitz and Vizeadmiral Theodor Krancke in private. During this meeting, Hitler appointed Dönitz as Oberbefehlshaber der Marine (Commander-in-Chief) of the Kriegsmarine following Raeder's resignation on 30 January 1943. On the return flight to Berlin, Dönitz informed Lüth and the other officers present of this change in command.

In March 1943 Lüth set out for a second patrol off South Africa and in the Indian Ocean, in particular the waters around Mauritius. This patrol lasted 205 days (23 March 1943 – 14 October 1943) making it the second longest of the war. (The longest combat patrol of World War II was 225 days in length, which was achieved by Eitel-Friedrich Kentrat as commander of the GS U-196.) Lüth sank 10 ships totaling on this patrol, which turned out to be his last. While at sea he was promoted to Korvettenkapitän on 1 April 1943. Later that month, he received news that he had been awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords.

After carrying out a patrol between Lourenco Marques and Durban, during which U-181 sank three more ships. U-181 rendezvoused with the supply ship Charlotte Schliemann east of Mauritius to refuel on 21 June. Also present were GS U-177, under the command of Robert Gysae, GS U-178 (Wilhelm Dommes), GS U-196 (Eitel-Friedrich Kentrat), GS U-197 (Robert Bartels) and GS U-198 (Werner Hartmann). The commanders exchanged experiences and discussed the problem of torpedo failures. In July, Lüth led his boat west towards Madagascar, before being ordered back to Mauritius. On 15 July 1943, Lüth sunk the British collier Empire Lake and noted in his logbook: "Five men have been left floating on a piece of wreckage. Due to the high sea and 180-mile distance from land they will probably not be saved."

On 9 August 1943, while still on patrol, Lüth was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds. In addition, Lüth nominated two crew members of U-181 for the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross after this patrol. The chief engineer Kapitänleutnant Carl-August Landfermann and 2nd Watch Officer Johannes Limbach both received the Knight's Cross for their achievements.

Ashore and death
After five years of operational U-boat service, including 15 war-patrols and over 600 days at sea, Lüth took command of 22nd U-boat Flotilla stationed at Gotenhafen in January 1944. This was a training unit for U-boat commanders. In July 1944 he took command of the 1st Department of the Naval Academy Mürwik in Flensburg. He was promoted to Fregattenkapitän (commander) on 1 August 1944 and became the commander of the entire academy in September. He was promoted to Kapitän zur See (captain) on 1 September 1944.

The British forces occupied Flensburg on 5 May 1945; initially, nothing changed in the daily routine at the Mürwik Naval Academy. Returning drunk in the night of 13/14 May 1945, Lüth failed to respond to the sentry's challenge and was shot in the head by 18-year-old seaman Mathias Gottlob, a German guard. The officer in charge immediately reported the incident, contacting Grand Admiral and Reichspräsident Karl Dönitz. Dönitz's adjutant, who had accepted the call, initially thought that it was a bad joke. He then called Lüth's brother, Joachim, as the two siblings had been staying together. It was he who informed Lüth's wife and their four children that Lüth had died.

Dönitz contacted the British commander of the city of Flensburg, asking him for permission to conduct a formal state funeral, which was approved by royal assent. The funeral was held on 16 May 1945 with Dönitz, Adolf Hitler's designated successor serving as Reichspräsident, delivering the eulogy. In advance, Dönitz had ordered a board of inquiry and court martial to clarify the circumstances of the shooting. During the court martial, Gottlob stated that, in accordance with his orders, he had asked for the password three times without receiving a response from the person, whom he could not visually identify in the darkness. Without aiming he had fired his rifle from the hip. The chain of events was confirmed by the watch leader. The court ruled that Gottlob was not guilty and cleared him of any fault.

In popular culture
Lüth was the subject of a hagiographic account by the German author Franz Kurowski, published in 1988 under the pen name Karl Alman, commemorating "the most successful U-boat commandant of the Second World War" (according to the subtitle). According to Canadian historian Michael Hadley, Kurowski, by his own admission, used his birth name for "more serious work", and typically used pseudonyms for works of fiction. In his 1995 book Count Not the Dead: The Popular Image of the German Submarine, Hadley panned Kurowski's works as "hackwork" and "pulp-trade yarn" focused on hero making.

Awards

 * Wehrmacht Long Service Award 4th Class
 * Spanish Cross in Bronze (6 June 1939)
 * Sudetenland Medal (16 September 1939)
 * U-boat War Badge with Diamonds (26 January 1943)
 * Iron Cross (1939) 2nd Class (25 January 1940) & 1st Class (15 May 1940)
 * Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds
 * Knight's Cross (24 October 1940) as Oberleutnant zur See and commander of U-138
 * Oak Leaves (13 November 1942) as Kapitänleutnant and commander of U-181
 * Swords (15 April 1943) as Kapitänleutnant and commander of U-181
 * Diamonds (9 August 1943) as Korvettenkapitän and commander of U-181

title: Wolfgang Lüth


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Alpine Valley Music Theatre

Alpine Valley Music Theatre is a 30,000-capacity amphitheater located on County Highway D in East Troy, Wisconsin. The seasonal venue was built in 1977 and it features a characteristic wooden roof, covering the 7,500-seat pavilion and a sprawling lawn. It was the largest amphitheater in the United States until 1993, when the Glen Helen Pavilion (now known as the Glen Helen Amphitheater) was built in California.

The theatre is located roughly equally distant from Madison, Milwaukee, Rockford, and Chicago, and therefore draws a wide regional audience.

The amphitheater was purchased by Nederlander Concerts in 1993, and later acquired by SFX (now Live Nation) in 1999. In 2019 the venue was sold to Consolidated-Tomoka Land Company for $7.5M with Live Nation retaining its lease.

Notable performances
The amphitheater has played host to many concerts and music festivals, including Family Values Tour, Furthur Festival, H.O.R.D.E. Festival, Lollapalooza, Monsters of Rock Festival, Ozzfest, PJ20 Festival, Projekt Revolution, Tibetan Freedom Concert and World Series of Rock Festival.

Boz Scaggs headlined the venue's inaugural event on June 30, 1977. Jimmy Buffett & The Coral Reefer Band played during its inaugural summer of 1977 and every subsequent year since 1995, with the exception of 2005, 2017, and 2018. Aerosmith also performed during the venue's inaugural season in 1977, and has appeared there fourteen times.

The Grateful Dead played at Alpine Valley 20 times from 1980 through 1989. Their album, Dick's Picks Volume 32, was recorded here in 1982 and their concert performance video, Downhill From Here, documents concerts from 1989.

Journey recorded a live album here on September 5, 1981 called "Rollin' On", and had a live broadcast to WLS-FM in Chicago, and KCRW-FM in Los Angeles, California.

Mötley Crüe filmed their music video for "Same Ol' Situation" at a concert here on July 7, 1990.

On August 26, 1990, Stevie Ray Vaughan & Double Trouble played at the amphitheater along with other blues greats Robert Cray, Buddy Guy, Eric Clapton and his brother Jimmie Vaughan. After the concert, Vaughan left the area on a helicopter to return to Chicago and he and four others were killed, when the helicopter crashed into a ski hill, within the Alpine Valley resort.

The Rolling Stones performed 3 nights at Alpine Valley (Sept. 8, 9 & 11, 1989). These were the bands' first performances in Wisconsin since 1975 at Milwaukee County Stadium. The band was interviewed by ABC's 20/20 during their stay in East Troy, WI.

Phish has played Alpine Valley 23 times; their live album, entitled, Live Phish Volume 5, was recorded here on July 8, 2000. In 2010 Phish released a two DVD two CD set of their August 14 performance at the venue that year. Phish performed one of the longest jams of the Phish 3.0 period (post break up), playing a version of the song "Ruby Waves" lasting 38 minutes on 07/14/2019.

The Ozzfest tour came here almost every year and the CD, Ozzfest 2001: The Second Millennium, is culled from performances here.

The Dave Matthews Band has played a two night stand at Alpine Valley numerous times since 1999. Their live releases, Live Trax Vol. 8 was recorded on August 7, 2004, Live Trax Vol. 15 was recorded on August 9, 2008, and Live Trax Vol. 36 was recorded on July 26, 2015. In 2024, the band's second night of their two night stand was evacuated and postponed due to a severe thunderstorm and a nearby tornado. The band returned the following week to play the show.

Coldplay performed during their Twisted Logic Tour on August 13, 2005. It was their largest American show ever, as it sold out the entire venue.

Korn recorded the music video for their song "Politics", during the Alpine Valley stop of the Family Values Tour on August 26, 2006.

Rage Against the Machine played a concert at Alpine Valley, with Queens of the Stone Age, for their only announced solo show, on August 24, 2007. Rage Against the Machine would later use the venue to kick off their twice-delayed Public Service Announcement Tour on July 9, 2022 - their first performance in almost 11 years.

The Black Crowes filmed their "Hard to Handle" music video here.

Pearl Jam, Dave Matthews Band, Rush and Phish have all regarded Alpine Valley as one of their favorite venues to play. Former Phish road manager Brad Sands regards Alpine Valley as his favorite venue to see the band. Pearl Jam also played their only scheduled U.S. dates at the venue in 2011, as part of their 20th anniversary celebrations.

Dead and Company (with former members of the Grateful Dead) have played Alpine Valley Music Theater four times, twice in the Summer of 2016 and twice in the Summer of 2018. On June 23, 2018, Justin Vernon of Bon Iver was a guest with Dead and Company for four songs. The June 22 and June 23, 2018 performances marked the 30th anniversary of Grateful Dead concerts at this venue in the summer of 1988, when they played four shows over five nights.

On September 21, 2019, Farm Aid performed at Alpine Valley to a crowd of 36,000, marking the second time the fundraiser came to the state of Wisconsin.

title: Alpine Valley Music Theatre


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USS Mariveles

The first USS Mariveles was a gunboat in the United States Navy during the Spanish–American War.

A former Spanish unarmored gunboat, Mariveles was laid down in 1886 by Hong Kong and Whampoa Dock Company, Hong Kong; purchased by the War Department in 1898; transferred to the Navy on 2 May 1899; and commissioned 17 June 1899, Lt. (jg.) J. W. Oman in command.

Service history
Departing Cavite shortly after commissioning, Mariveles steamed for the southern Philippines to patrol off the coasts of Leyte, Cebu, and Samar. Cooperating with the Army in suppressing the Filipino insurgents in the Philippine–American War, the gunboat served in this area for six months, and then saw duty as a convoy escort and artillery support vessel during the Kobbes Expedition against forces on Luzon in January 1900. In February, following patrol duty off the eastern coast of Luzon, the ship returned to Manila for overhaul at Cavite Navy Yard.

She decommissioned there in early March. Mariveles recommissioned briefly from 16 to 22 August to act as a ferryboat for the Army in Manila Bay, and then was placed in ordinary at Cavite.

The gunboat returned to active service on 1 May 1901, and sailed on 22 May, via Cebu, for Iloilo, Panay. She patrolled off the coast of that island and Samar cooperating with Army units ashore, protecting American lives, and suppressing piracy.

The gunboat was decommissioned on 8 August 1901 at Cavite and was held in reserve at the Navy Yard, serving intermittently as a ferry in Manila Bay, until stricken from the Navy list on 8 June 1908. She was sold to Faustino Lichauce on 2 January 1909.

title: USS Mariveles


text: File:Hell Comes to Frogtown.jpg

title: File:Hell Comes to Frogtown.jpg