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User:BWatkins

Hi.

I'm a technical trainer, writer and consultant who specializes in Database Management Systems (DBMS), especially Oracle.

I'm also interested in the following topics:
 * Aikido
 * Business and Economics
 * Future Studies
 * Classic Rock music
 * Magic (illusion)
 * Bicycle touring

I live in Addison, TX (US), a suburb in the Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex.

Unfortunately, I have limited time to invest in Wikipedia editing right now. As a result, I generally only correct typos and general structure in other articles as I encounter them. I'm also kinda slow, because I'm fitting my research and editing into available time.

I have no tasks in progress at the present time.

Feel free to leave a note on my Talk page.

My Sandbox is here.

BWatkins

Note on the exposure of magical secrets: I do not agree with the publication of magical secrets in Wikipedia. Others have argued that it does Wikipedia a disservice to omit methods, but I don't agree.

Wikipedia is a general encyclopaedia, not a magical one, and therefore it is inappropriate to its mission to describe the workings behind a given effect at a level of detail such that another could perform it.

Therefore, I will only contribute material on Magic that is related to the description of an effect (what the audience sees) or the history of that effect. If I see unsourced methods, I may remove them without copying them to the Talk page, per Project:Magic guidelines. I bow to the consensus of the Project:Magic editors, and will leave properly sourced methods alone.

title: User:BWatkins


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Andrew Steane

Andrew Martin Steane is Professor of physics at the University of Oxford. He is also a fellow of Exeter College, Oxford.

He was a student at St Edmund Hall, Oxford where he obtained his MA and DPhil.

His major works to date are on error correction in quantum information processing, including Steane codes. He was awarded the Maxwell Medal and Prize of the Institute of Physics in 2000.

Papers

 * "Quantum Computing" Reports on Progress in Physics 61: 117–173. Steane, A.M. (1998)
 * "A Quantum Computer Needs Only One Universe" Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 34B: 469–478, Steane, A.M. (2003)

Books
'Relativity Made Relatively Easy' is a text that follows closely to the 'Symmetry and Relativity' course that he teaches to third-year undergraduates at the University of Oxford. Except for Spinors, which is intended to be included in his next publication.
 * ''Thermodynamics by Andrew Steane
 * ''Thermodynamics by Andrew Steane

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Andrew Steane


text:
Talk:Tuomo Ruutu

Untitled
Some weird numbers there in the table. Goals plus Assists should equal Points... Not for this player for some reason... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 78.99.106.173 (talk) 22:15, 23 January 2008 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Tuomo Ruutu


text:
Angar

Angar may refer to:

Geography

 * Angar, a village and a Gram Panchayat in Mohol, Maharashtra, India
 * Angar, a railway station - see List of railway stations in India
 * Angar-e Chaleh, also known as Angar, a village in Kerman Province, Iran
 * Hanger River, also transliterated as Angar River, Ethiopia
 * Angara (Buryat and Mongolian: Angar), a river in Siberia

Arts and entertainment

 * Angar, a 1959 play by Utpal Dutt
 * Angar the Screamer, Marvel Comics villain David A. Angar

title: Angar


text:
User talk:Indiekid17

Welcome to Wikipedia!
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia!

I noticed nobody had hi yet... Hi!

Here are some things you might find useful:
 * Take a look at the Simplified Ruleset.
 * Read the Tutorial, How to edit a page and the Manual of Style.
 * Find out how to revert, move and merge pages.
 * Sign your posts on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~).
 * Add yourself to the New user log and a regional notice board
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 * Use the Show preview button
 * Provide an Edit summary
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 * Take a look at Consensus of standards
 * Create a User page
 * Be bold
 * Ignore all rules

If you feel a change is needed, feel free to make it yourself! Wikipedia is a wiki, so anyone (yourself included) can edit any article by following the  link. Wikipedia convention is to be bold and not be afraid of making mistakes. If you're not sure how editing works, have a look at How to edit a page, or try out the Sandbox to test your editing skills.

If, for some reason, you are unable to fix a problem yourself, feel free to ask someone else to do it. Wikipedia has a vibrant community of contributors who have a wide range of skills and specialties, and many of them would be glad to help. As well as the wiki community pages there are IRC Channels, where you are more than welcome to ask for assistance.

If you have any questions, feel free to ask me on my talk page. Thanks and happy editing,.

title: User talk:Indiekid17


text: Template:User css-4

title: Template:User css-4


text:
Georges Imbert

Georges Christian Peter Imbert (26 March 1884 – 6 February 1950) was a French chemical engineer and inventor. He became famous for the invention of the wood gas generator.

Early life
On 26 March 1884 Imbert was born in Niederstinzel, France, a small town about ten kilometers from Sarre-Union. He was the oldest of four children.

After primary school in Diemeringen, he attended Sarreguemines High School. Because of his academic success, his father enrolled him at the School of Chemistry Mulhouse, which at that time was one of the most famous in Europe. Three years later Imbert acquired a degree in chemical engineering; his interest in the subject led him to pursue his own research further.

At the age of 20 he filed his first patent. Over the next ten years he developed various industrial processes and filed several additional patents for them.

In 1908 he opened a soap factory in Diemeringen where he applied many of the industrial processes he had patented. He also worked as a research scientist in Manchester.

From 1915 to 1918 Imbert was enlisted in the German army where he worked as a chemist in the factory "Königswarter and Ebell" in Linden and in the factory "Pintsch" in Berlin.

After he was demobilized in 1918, Imbert produced soap at the mill in Diemeringen.

Invention of the wood gas generator
At the same time Georges Imbert embarked on experiments to transform coal into liquid fuel. He even managed to make synthetic gasoline; however, it was too expensive. By then he had abandoned the liquid fuel solution and became interested in gas generators. In the early 1920s he created a generator that utilized charcoal.

In 1921 Imbert built a charcoal gasifier and two years later he succeeded in gasification for a vehicle.

In 1923, the Army, informed by De Dietrich of the invention, asked Imbert to build a wood gasifier for the French government. Imbert set up his gas-fired plant (1925) at Sarre-Union, rue de Bitche, in a hat factory. De Dietrich, which had the industrial capacity in metallurgy and the automobile, set up a workshop for him at Reichshoffen. In 1925, he patented various processes on gas generators. De Dietrich, for their part also filed a patent on gasogens, which pushed Imbert to end this partnership in 1926.

After buying the "Chalet", a beautiful home in Sarre-Union, he created the Compagnie Générale des Gazogens Imbert in 1930.

Despite the enthusiasm of André Maginot, Minister of War, the gasifier struggled to break through in France. In 1931, Georges Imbert was forced to sell some of his licenses to his representative in Germany.

In 1934, his brother, Jean-Paul, tried to sell gasogen to the United States.

The success in Germany allowed Imbert to continue developing his technique in Sarre-Union. He was developing a gasifier that could use green wood without clogging the engine.

During the evacuation of Sarre-Union in May 1940, he moved with his family to Epinal in the Vosges. On his return in September of the same year, he returned to work by becoming an employee of his former company bought by "Imbert Köln".

The recognition of Georges Imbert's work in 1944 by all the European manufacturers marks the celebration of the life of the chemical engineer. The German press called him the "pope" of the gasifier. Germany used the wood gasifier in all military operations on tanks, armored cars and ammunition trucks.

End of life
Having lost a son on the Russian front and feeling responsible, Imbert became an alcoholic.

In December 1944, Sarre-Union was released by the Americans. Georges Imbert was not imprisoned for working for the Germans. However, his property was sequestrated and sold as war damage in 1945. Imbert lost interest in everything and died a few years later, in 1950, at the age of 65.

title: Georges Imbert


text:
Angus Scrimm

Angus Scrimm (born Lawrence Rory Guy; August 19, 1926 – January 9, 2016) was an American actor, author, and journalist, known for his portrayal of the Tall Man in the 1979 horror film Phantasm and its sequels.

Early life
Scrimm was born in Kansas City, Kansas, to Alfred David and Pearl Guy. Scrimm graduated from the University of Southern California, where he majored in drama.

He was originally a journalist and wrote and edited for TV Guide, Cinema Magazine, the Los Angeles Herald Examiner and many other publications. He also worked for Capitol Records, writing liner notes for many LPs and CDs for artists ranging from Frank Sinatra to the Beatles, as well as Arthur Rubinstein and Itzhak Perlman. Scrimm won a Grammy (credited as Rory Guy, as were his early film roles) for his liner notes to the 1974 album Korngold: The Classic Erich Wolfgang Korngold.

Career
Scrimm had several minor supporting roles in the early 1970s before being cast as the Tall Man, the chief villain in Don Coscarelli's independent horror film Phantasm (1979). Scrimm stood approximately 6 ft. To appear even taller when playing the Tall Man, he wore suits that were several sizes too small and platform shoes. His Phantasm role led to a steady acting career in horror films, as well as theater and television. Scrimm had a recurring role as an SD-6 agent on Alias.

Death
On January 9, 2016, Scrimm died at the age of 89 in Tarzana, Los Angeles, California.

title: Angus Scrimm


text: Template:User css-3

title: Template:User css-3


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User talk:Mazer

Welcome to Wikipedia!
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia!

I noticed nobody had said hi yet...Hi!

Here are some things you might find useful:
 * Take a look at the Simplified Ruleset.
 * Read the Tutorial, How to edit a page and the Manual of Style.
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 * Create a User page
 * Be bold
 * Ignore all rules

If you feel a change is needed, feel free to make it yourself! Wikipedia is a wiki, so anyone (yourself included) can edit any article by following the  link. Wikipedia convention is to be bold and not be afraid of making mistakes. If you're not sure how editing works, have a look at How to edit a page, or try out the Sandbox to test your editing skills.

If, for some reason, you are unable to fix a problem yourself, feel free to ask someone else to do it. Wikipedia has a vibrant community of contributors who have a wide range of skills and specialties, and many of them would be glad to help. As well as the wiki community pages there are IRC Channels, where you are more than welcome to ask for assistance.

If you have any questions, feel free to ask me on my talk page. Thanks and happy editing, Alf 23:11, 1 September 2005 (UTC).

title: User talk:Mazer


text: Category:Upanishads

title: Category:Upanishads


text: Template:User css-1

title: Template:User css-1


text:
Talk:Georges Imbert

Untitled
This was translated from Georges Imbert. I'll add more in the near... Schlüggell | Talk 23:11, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

What is true? Is this man what the article says he is?
In the article this man is credited by being the first to develop a wood gas generator for automobiles. However, in the article about wood gas he is not mentioned. Instead a T.H. Parker is mentioned there. What is the truth? --VanBuren (talk) 13:29, 8 March 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Georges Imbert


text: User talk:70.27.131.47

title: User talk:70.27.131.47


text:
User talk:Helheim~enwiki

Welcome to Wikipedia!
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia!

I noticed nobody had said hi yet...Hi!

Here are some things you might find useful:
 * Take a look at the Simplified Ruleset.
 * Read the Tutorial, How to edit a page and the Manual of Style.
 * Find out how to revert, move and merge pages.
 * Sign your posts on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~).
 * Add yourself to the New user log and a regional notice board
 * Ask questions at the Village pump or Help desk.
 * Use the Show preview button
 * Provide an Edit summary
 * Add the correct image copyright tag to any images you upload
 * Take a look at Consensus of standards
 * Create a User page
 * Be bold
 * Ignore all rules

If you feel a change is needed, feel free to make it yourself! Wikipedia is a wiki, so anyone (yourself included) can edit any article by following the  link. Wikipedia convention is to be bold and not be afraid of making mistakes. If you're not sure how editing works, have a look at How to edit a page, or try out the Sandbox to test your editing skills.

If, for some reason, you are unable to fix a problem yourself, feel free to ask someone else to do it. Wikipedia has a vibrant community of contributors who have a wide range of skills and specialties, and many of them would be glad to help. As well as the wiki community pages there are IRC Channels, where you are more than welcome to ask for assistance.

If you have any questions, feel free to ask me on my talk page. Thanks and happy editing, Alf 23:12, 1 September 2005 (UTC).

High Icelandic
Article content overall is fine, it just needs 'arranging nicely' and connecting up to relevant areas better, see Style and How-to Directory. As a new article, I think it has a good outlook. Alf 23:33, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Check out Icelandic language as well, that will give you a good comparison article. Alf 00:04, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Ah, from your last note I think you misunderstand, it is noted for clean up, it is not listed in Articles for deletion, the second tag is Wikify - format using Wiki markup (as opposed to plain text or HTML) and add internal links to material, incorporating it into the whole of Wikipedia. So do not worry about it being deleted! Alf 00:32, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

Icelandic wiki-editors
You might want to add to your user page, and I noticed three other users you might like to say hello to: User:A-Hrafn, User:Stebbiv and User:Ásgeir IV.. They might be helpful, leave a hello message on their talk pages. Alf 14:19, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Helheim. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Helheim~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 00:18, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 13:44, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Helheim~enwiki


text:
Weirs Beach, New Hampshire

Weirs Beach is an area within the northern part of the city of Laconia in Belknap County, New Hampshire, United States. It is located on the southern shore of Lake Winnipesaukee. The cruise ship Mount Washington terminates there. It is a popular destination of bikers during Motorcycle Week every June.

Weirs Beach, or "The Weirs" as it is referred to by locals, is named for a wide, sandy, public beach on Lake Winnipesaukee. Adjacent to the beach and comprising the center of the village are a boulevard and boardwalk that run along a quarter mile stretch of Lakeside Ave. The main summer port of the Winnipesaukee Flagship Company's MS Mount Washington is located on the boulevard. A large public dock is also evident at this popular stop for boaters on Lake Winnipesaukee. On the opposite side of the street are several seasonal arcades and vendors that have been located there for many years. The Winnipesaukee Pier juts out into the lake from the main boulevard. The pier was constructed in 1925 and was a bustling spot for many years attracting many of the most famous big band groups of the time.

The Weirs Beach area contains the Winnipesaukee Playhouse, Funspot, Mount Washington Cruises, the Winnipesaukee Scenic Railroad, the Weirs Drive-In Theater, several other attractions, and various motels, cottage complexes, and condominiums. There are four marinas in the village for boat rentals, sales, storage, and maintenance.

Weirs Beach hosts a regular summer concert series and is the traditional focal point of Laconia Motorcycle Week.

title: Weirs Beach, New Hampshire


text:
CPO-STV

CPO-STV, or the Comparison of Pairs of Outcomes by the Single Transferable Vote, is a ranked voting system designed to achieve proportional representation. It is a more sophisticated variant of the Single Transferable Vote (STV) system, designed to overcome some of that system's perceived shortcomings. It does this by incorporating some of the features of Condorcet's method, a voting system designed for single-winner elections, into STV. As in other forms of STV, in a CPO-STV election more than one candidate is elected and voters must rank candidates in order of preference. As of February 2021, it has not been used for a public election.

CPO-STV aims to overcome the problems of tactical voting in traditional forms of STV, where a candidate can be eliminated at an early stage in the process that might have gone on to be elected later had they been allowed to remain in the contest. CPO-STV works by an exhaustive comparison of the various possible outcomes of an election, in accordance with a particular procedure, in order to determine which outcome best matches the preferences of voters. If used for a single winner election, CPO-STV becomes the same as Condorcet's method, in the same way that traditional STV becomes instant-runoff voting (IRV). The system was invented by Nicolaus Tideman.

Voting
Each voter ranks the candidates in order of preference. For example:

 * 1) Andrea
 * 2) Carter
 * 3) Brad
 * 4) Delilah
 * 5) Scott

The precise rules for a given CPO-STV election will determine whether or not a voter must rank every single candidate, and whether or not they are permitted to give the same ranking to more than one candidate.

Setting the quota
Both the Hare and Droop quotas may be used for a CPO-STV election. Tideman recommends the Droop quota, given by:

 * $$\rm votes \over \rm {seats+1}$$

Finding the winners
CPO-STV compares every possible outcome of an election to every other possible outcome to find the set of winners with the highest level of support, which is a variation of the Condorcet method. Usually there is an outcome which wins every such contest and it is this set of candidates who are elected.

When two outcomes are compared one against another a special method is used to give each a score and so determine which of the two is the winner. When comparing two outcomes the steps are as follows:

 * 1) Eliminate candidates in neither outcome: All candidates who are not present in either outcome are excluded and the votes for them are transferred. Any voter who supports an excluded candidate has their vote transferred to their next most preferred candidate who is present in at least one of the two outcomes.
 * 2) Transfer surpluses of candidates in both outcomes: Where the number of votes for a candidate is greater than the quota, the surplus above the quota is transferred. However, only the surpluses of candidates present in both outcomes are transferred; any other surpluses are ignored. The surplus votes may only be transferred to candidates who are present in at least one of the two outcomes.
 * 3) Add up the totals: After all necessary exclusions and transfers have occurred, the total number of votes deemed to have been cast for the candidates in a given outcome are added up and the result is considered the score for that outcome.
 * 4) Declare the winner: The outcome with the higher score is deemed the winner of that particular comparison.

Occasionally, once every possible outcome has been compared against every other outcome, there will be no one outcome that beats all others—that is, no clear 'Condorcet winner'. In such cases a more complicated procedure, known as a Condorcet completion method, must be used to determine the set of winners that are elected. The precise completion method depends on the version of Condorcet's method being used. Versions of Condorcet's method with different, sophisticated completion methods include Ranked Pairs (also developed by Tideman) and the Schulze method.

Surplus transfer methods
Traditional forms of STV differ in the manner in which they deal with the transfer of surplus votes. Older forms of STV transfer surplus votes in the form of whole votes -- either in a random system of transfers (Hare's method) or by reference to next usable preference (as used in Ireland and Malta) -- or a system of fractional transfers of all votes held by elected candidate (the Gregory method). These methods are quite crude and can encourage tactical voting. Warren's method and Meek's method are more sophisticated transfer methods. CPO-STV is compatible with all of these methods, so it is up to those responsible for choosing the voting system to decide which particular method they wish to use.

Example
In order to illustrate the differences between CPO-STV and older forms of STV this example shows a single election held first under traditional STV and then under CPO-STV. In both cases the Hagenbach-Bischoff quota is used. In the scenario given this is 25.

Scenario
Imagine an election in which there are three seats to be filled, and five candidates are competing for election: Andrea, Brad, Carter, Delilah and Scott. There are 100 voters and their preferences are shown below.

Count under traditional STV
1. The initial tallies are:

 * Andrea: 25
 * Brad: 7
 * Carter: 34
 * Delilah: 13
 * Scott: 21

2. Andrea and Carter are immediately declared elected. Carter's surplus is transferred so that the tallies become:

 * Brad: 16
 * Delilah: 13
 * Scott: 21

3. Delilah has the fewest votes and is eliminated. Her votes are transferred and the tallies become:

 * Brad: 24
 * Scott: 26

4. Scott has reached the quota and is declared elected.

Result
The elected candidates are Andrea, Carter and Scott.

Count under CPO-STV
There are ten possible outcomes (or sets of winners) in the election:

 * A. Andrea, Carter, Delilah.
 * B. Andrea, Carter, Scott.
 * C. Andrea, Carter, Brad.
 * D. Andrea, Brad, Delilah.
 * E. Andrea, Brad, Scott.
 * F. Andrea, Delilah, Scott.
 * G. Carter, Brad, Delilah.
 * H. Carter, Brad, Scott.
 * I. Carter, Delilah, Scott.
 * J. Brad, Delilah, Scott.

Under CPO-STV it is certain that any candidate with more than the quota in first preferences will be elected. Andrea and Carter have both reached the quota to begin with so, for the sake of simplicity, this example need show only the comparison of those outcomes which include both of these candidates as winners. The list of possible outcomes may therefore be reduced to three:

 * Outcome A: Andrea, Carter, Delilah.
 * Outcome B: Andrea, Carter, Scott.
 * Outcome C: Andrea, Carter, Brad.

Each of these outcomes will be compared, in turn, with each other outcome, in order to find a winner. Three comparisons are therefore necessary. A fourth comparison will also be demonstrated, that between Outcome A and Outcome D. We know that Outcome D cannot win but this will be done in order to completely clarify CPO-STV's rule for when and when not to transfer surpluses.

 * Outcome D: Andrea, Brad, Delilah.

Comparison of A and B
The first preferences cast for all of the candidates are as follows:

 * Andrea: 25
 * Brad: 7
 * Carter: 34
 * Delilah: 13
 * Scott: 21

Brad does not appear in either Outcome A or Outcome B so he is excluded from the comparison. His votes all transfer to Delilah so that the tallies stand at:

 * Andrea: 25
 * Carter: 34
 * Delilah: 20
 * Scott: 21

Carter has more than the quota and is present in both outcomes. Therefore, his surplus is transferred. It goes to Delilah, so the tallies become:

 * Andrea: 25
 * Carter: 25
 * Delilah: 29
 * Scott: 21

When compared, the total scores for Outcomes A and B are therefore:

Outcome A therefore beats Outcome B.

Comparison of B and C
The candidates present in at least one outcome are Andrea, Carter, Brad and Scott. Delilah is therefore excluded. Eight of her votes transfer to Brad and five to Scott. Carter's surplus is then transferred and goes to Brad. The final scores are therefore as follows:

Outcome B therefore beats Outcome C.

Comparison of A and C
The candidates present in either outcome are Andrea, Carter, Delilah and Brad. Scott is therefore excluded and his votes transfer to Delilah. Carter's surplus is then transferred and goes to Brad. The final scores are therefore as follows:

Outcome A therefore beats Outcome C.

Comparison of A and D
The candidates present in at least one outcome are Andrea, Carter, Brad and Delilah. Once Scott is excluded and his votes transferred to Delilah the tallies are:

 * Andrea: 25
 * Carter: 34
 * Brad: 7
 * Delilah: 34

Carter has more than the quota. However, in this case he is not present in both outcomes so his surplus is not transferred. The final scores are therefore:

Outcome A therefore beats Outcome D.

Result
As shown above, Outcome A beats both Outcome B and Outcome C. We have also said that because Andrea and Carter both have at least a quota of votes to begin with we can be certain that Outcome A can also beat any other possible outcome it is compared to. Because Outcome A beats every other possible outcome it is declared the winner. The elected candidates are therefore: Andrea, Carter and Delilah.

The results of the election can also be illustrated in the form of a Condorcet-style matrix. This matrix includes only the comparisons between Outcomes A, B, and C:

Comparison between CPO-STV and traditional STV
The example above clearly illustrates the difference between CPO-STV and traditional forms of STV. Where CPO-STV resulted in the election of Andrea, Carter and Delilah, the same election held under the rules of traditional STV would have resulted in the election of Andrea, Carter and Scott. The differences between CPO-STV and traditional STV are analogous to those between Condorcet's method and instant-runoff voting.

The reason Delilah does not win under traditional STV arises from the particular stage at which she is eliminated from the count. Because she is eliminated at this point she cannot benefit from any transfers she might have received at a later stage. In traditional STV the order in which candidates are eliminated during the count is highly influential in determining the final result. Advocates of CPO-STV argue that the sequence in which candidates happen to be eliminated in an election is in fact highly arbitrary and should not influence the result. It was in order to resolve this problem of sequential exclusions that CPO-STV was designed.

The actual effect of sequential exclusions is that the number of first or higher preferences a candidate receives is very important. For example, where a candidate has very few first preferences but is rated second or third by a great many voters it will be difficult for them to be elected. This is because they are likely to be eliminated before any of these lower preferences can be transferred to them. Traditional STV, it is therefore argued, is unfair to compromise candidates, who are likely to have few first preferences but many lower preferences. Other proposed electoral systems that attempt to remove the problem of sequential exclusions from STV are Schulze STV and Sequential STV.

Potential for tactical voting
Because, like all other forms of STV, CPO-STV is a system of proportional representation, it creates far less potential for tactical voting than do single-winner systems such as the first-past-the-post system and instant-runoff voting.

However, all forms of STV are vulnerable to some degree of tactical voting because they lack monotonicity. This means that it is sometimes possible to benefit a candidate by ranking them lower than one's true order of preference, or to harm a candidate by ranking them higher. While CPO-STV does not eliminate the problem of monotonicity relating to STV it greatly reduces it, by creating fewer situations in which it would be possible for a voter to affect the outcome in this way.

One particular strategy under STV relates to the method used for the transfer of surpluses. Under some, older forms of STV it is possible to increase the influence of one's vote by giving a first, or high preference to a candidate one knows is highly unlikely to win. This tactic is sometimes known as 'raising a turkey'. However this problem is eliminated if one uses more sophisticated transfer methods like Warren's method or Meek's method. CPO-STV is compatible with both of these methods.

Impact on candidates and factions
Like all forms of proportional representation CPO-STV is likely to elect councils or assemblies in which no one party or faction has an absolute majority. Like other forms of STV its use of preferential voting is likely to encourage candidates to appeal to a broad cross section of voters in order to garner lower preferences. This characteristic might, however, be increased by the fact that lower preferences have a greater influence on the final result under CPO-STV than under traditional forms of STV. All forms of STV tend to force the candidates of a single party to compete against each other. This is said to increase voter choice but is also sometimes accused of producing candidates who are more clientalist and parochial.

Practical implications
From the point of view of the voter CPO-STV is no more complicated than traditional forms of STV. Under both systems the ballot paper is the same and voting occurs by ranking the candidates in order of preference.

However, with respect to calculating an election result, CPO-STV is significantly more complex. A hand count, therefore, is only likely to be feasible in simple elections with a small number of candidates and voters. For large scale elections it is necessary for the results to be calculated by computer.

Finding the result of a CPO-STV election involves producing results, one at a time, for every possible pair of every possible set of winning candidates. It is therefore a task that increases dramatically in difficulty as the number of candidates does. There are, however, certain shortcuts that can be taken that will reduce the length of a count while producing the same result. We have already seen, for example, that where a candidate has at least a quota of first preferences it is not necessary to consider any outcome in which they are not present as a winner.

title: CPO-STV


text:
Hidden Vagenda

Hidden Vagenda is the fourth solo album by American singer-songwriter Kimya Dawson, and the first to be released by K Records. The album contains songs about her pain from the deaths of loved ones, the then-upcoming 2004 election, and a power ballad version of a song from a previous solo album featuring a recording of members of The Moldy Peaches as an intro. Hidden Vagenda also includes myriad guest performers, including Daniel Johnston, Paleface, Vanessa Carlton, and members of the French anti-folk group Herman Düne.

The tracks "It's Been Raining" and "Blue Like Nevermind" were recorded in France with members of Herman Düne backing Kimya, and others were recorded in the Dawson family kitchen and Olive Juice Music in New York City.

A video for the song "Lullaby for the Taken" was directed by Ted Passon in 2004.

Track listing

 * 1) "It's Been Raining"
 * 2) "Fire" (featuring Regina Spektor – vocals)
 * 3) "Viva la Persistence"
 * 4) "Lullaby for the Taken"
 * 5) "I Will Never Forget"
 * 6) "Singing Machine"
 * 7) "Moving On" (featuring Regina Spektor – piano and Vanessa Carlton – backing vocals)
 * 8) "Blue Like Nevermind"
 * 9) "My Heroes"
 * 10) "Parade"
 * 11) "5 Years"
 * 12) "Anthrax" (powerballad version)
 * 13) "You Love Me"
 * 14) "Angels and Seagulls"

title: Hidden Vagenda


text:
Participation mortgage

A participation mortgage or participating mortgage is a mortgage loan, or sometimes a group of them, in which two or more persons have fractional equitable interests. In this arrangement the lender, or mortgagee, is entitled to share in the rental or resale proceeds from a property owned by the borrower, or mortgagor. The mortgage is evidenced by the bank or other fiduciary that has legal title to the mortgage and sells the fractional shares to investors or makes the investment for the certificate holders. A participation mortgage may or may not require principal and interest payments and may or may not contain a balloon payment.

For instance, John has a loan for a strip mall including six separate units. All are rented/leased and in addition to the principal and interest he pays to the lender, he is required to pay a certain percentage of the incoming funds. The lender is then participating in the income stream provided by the particular property.

title: Participation mortgage


text:
Alaska Statehood Act

The Alaska Statehood Act was  introduced by Delegate E.L. Bob Bartlett and signed by President Dwight D. Eisenhower on July 7, 1958. As a result, Alaska became the 49th U.S. state on January 3, 1959. The law was the culmination of a multi-decade effort by many prominent Alaskans, including Bartlett, Ernest Gruening, Bill Egan, Bob Atwood, and Ted Stevens.

The law was first introduced by James Wickersham in 1916, shortly after the First Organic Act. However, due to a lack of interest from Alaskans, the bill was never introduced. Efforts ramped up in 1943, with Bartlett's rendition of the act being introduced first in 1947 and 1950, with the backing of President Harry Truman. However, due to opposition from powerful southern U.S. Congressmen, it took until 1958 to pass the law, with the convincing of Bob Bartlett. Gruening worked on rallying support from Alaskans, launching the Alaska Constitutional Convention in 1956, which elected Bill Egan and Gruening as Shadow U.S. Senators, and Ralph Rivers as the Shadow U.S. Representative, working towards pressuring the U.S. Congress for Alaska's statehood. Atwood similarly rallied support by using his job as a trusted news source to rally Alaskans for statehood. Stevens worked on masterminding the executive branch's attack, using his powerful executive office as Solicitor of the Department of the Interior, along with Interior Secretary Fred Seaton, to lobby for Alaska's statehood, placing reporters in any and all news hearings to pressure President Eisenhower & Congressmen to switch in favor of the law. Stevens also authored parts of the Act (namely Section 10).

Roger Ernst, Seaton's former Assistant Secretary for Public Land Management, said of Stevens: "He did all the work on statehood; he wrote 90 percent of all the speeches. Statehood was his main project."

History
From 1867 to 1884, Alaska was considered to be a military district of the United States under the control of the federal government, known as the Department of Alaska. From 1884 to 1912, it was organized as the District of Alaska, and from 1912 to 1959, it was organized into the incorporated Territory of Alaska. Alaskans had sought statehood since as early as the 1920s, though this vision was not realized until the decade after World War II.

The First Organic Act
In 1884, the Department of Alaska was organized into the District of Alaska, when Congress passed the Organic Act allowing Alaska to become a judicial district as well as a civil one, with judges, clerks, marshalls, and limited government officials appointed by the federal government to run the territory. Furthermore, during the 1896–1910 gold rush eras (mainly in the cities of Klondike, Nome, and Fairbanks), hundreds of thousands of people traveled to Alaska in search for gold. Several industries flourished as a result, such as fishing, trapping, mining, and mineral production. Alaska's resources were depleted to the extent that it came to be considered a "colonial economy". However, Alaska was still considered a district, and local governments often had little control over local affairs.

The Second Organic Act
Several issues arose that made it more difficult for Alaska to push toward self-government. One of these was the formation of the "Alaska Syndicate" in 1906 by the two industry barons J. P. Morgan and Simon Guggenheim. Their influence spread, and they came to control the Kennecott copper mine, steamship and railroad companies, and salmon packing. The influence of the Syndicate in Washington D.C. opposed any further movement towards Alaskan home rule. James Wickersham, however, grew increasingly concerned over the exploitation of Alaska for personal and corporate interests and took it upon himself to fight for Alaskan self-rule. He used the Ballinger–Pinchot affair in order to help achieve this. As a result of the affair, Alaska was on the national headlines, and President William Howard Taft was forced to send a message to Congress on February 2, 1912, insisting that they listen to Wickersham. In August 1912 Congress passed the Second Organic Act, which established the Territory of Alaska with a capital at Juneau and an elected legislature. The federal government still retained much of the control over laws regarding fishing, gaming, and natural resources and the governor was also still appointed by the President. In 1916, Wickersham, who was now a delegate to Congress, proposed the first bill for Alaska's statehood. The bill, however, failed, partly due to lack of interest among Alaskans in gaining statehood.

National and Congressional discrimination
Discrimination against the Alaskan Territory made it difficult for Congress to get much done. Discussion of revising the Second Organic Act took up much time but came to no avail. Instead, Congress passed the Jones Act (also known as the Merchant Marine Act of 1920) and the White Act of 1924 both of which made the fishing problem worse for Alaskans rather than better. Alaskans were angered by these two acts and felt they were discriminatory. Matters were made worse by regional conflicts which drew attention away from the issue of statehood. In the 1930s, Alaska was plagued by the Great Depression. During this time, President Franklin D. Roosevelt did two significant things for Alaska. First, he allowed for 1,000 selected farmers hurt by the depression to move to Alaska and colonize the Matanuska-Susitna Valley, being given a second chance at agricultural success. Second (and sometimes considered to be more importantly), Roosevelt appointed Ernest Gruening as governor of Alaska in 1939. Edward Lewis "Bob" Bartlett, who was one of Alaska's territorial delegates to Congress from 1944 to 1958 when he became a U.S. senator representing Alaska, would become one of Groening's most important allies in supporting the cause for Alaskan statehood.

Breaking down the barriers toward statehood
Alaska's desire for statehood was much aided by the amount of attention it received during World War II. After Japan initiated the Aleutian Islands Campaign in June 1942, the territory became an important strategic military base and a key to the Pacific during the war, with a resulting population increase due to the number of American servicemen sent there. It remained critically important in deterring Soviet aggression through the Bering Strait during the Cold War. However, many barriers still stood between Alaska and statehood. Many Alaskans, like the Lomen brothers of Nome and Austin E. "Cap" Lathrop, who benefited largely from Alaska's small tax base, did not want themselves or their businesses to be hurt financially by the increase in taxes that would result from statehood. Other Alaskans feared that statehood would result in a flood of more people coming to Alaska, which they didn't want. There was enough of a majority, though, that did want statehood so as to be able to pass a referendum for statehood in Alaska in 1946 by a 3:2 vote.

Opposition
With the help of the referendum, Bartlett was able to introduce a bill to Congress. The bill, however, was immediately shot down by a coalition of Democrats and Republicans. Republicans feared that Alaska would be unable to raise enough taxes due to its small population and end up as a welfare state while Southern Democrats feared more pro-civil rights congressmen. In retaliation, Gruening established the "Alaska Statehood Committee" in 1949. He encouraged journalists, newspaper editors, politicians, and members of national and labor organizations to help use their positions and power to make the issue of Alaskan statehood more known. He gathered a group of 100 prominent figures, including Eleanor Roosevelt, actor James Cagney, writers Pearl S. Buck and John Gunther, historian Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr, and theologian Reinhold Niebuhr, who all stood for the Alaskan cause. Another bill was introduced to Congress in 1949 and passed in the House by a 186 to 146 vote in 1950. However, the bill was then shot down in the Senate, again for fear of adding more Democrats to the 81st Congress (1949–1951), as the Democrats already had 54 seats to 42 Republican seats. On February 27, 1952, the Senate by a one-vote margin (45-44) killed the statehood bill for another year, with Southern Democrats having threatened a filibuster to delay consideration. In the 1954 State of the Union address, Eisenhower referred to statehood for Hawaii (then a Republican-leaning territory) but not Alaska (then a Democratic-leaning territory). By March, frustrated by Eisenhower's refusal to support statehood for Alaska, a Senate coalition led by Democrats tied the fates of Alaska and Hawaii statehood together as one package. The procedural move was backed by some Southern Democrats, concerned about the addition of new votes in the civil rights for blacks movement, in the hope of defeating both measures.

Increasing public interest

Six members of the Senate Interior and Insular Affairs Committee, including Senator Butler, went to Alaska in order to hold public hearings and see for themselves what the public sentiment was in Alaska. In response to the visit, Alaskans would not let Americans forget the cause. Citizens sent Christmas cards reading "Make [Alaskans'] future bright/Ask your Senator for statehood/And start the New Year right." Women made bouquets of Alaska's flower, the Forget-Me-Not and sent them to members of Congress. Movements such as "Operation Statehood" also put increasing pressure on Congress. "Lack of public interest" could no longer be used as a feasible excuse to prevent statehood.

In 1954 territorial governor B. Frank Heintzleman proposed that Alaska be divided at the 156th meridian west. Most Alaskans opposed his proposal.

Gruening and the Constitutional Convention
In interest of the growing fervor and enthusiasm towards the cause, a Constitutional Convention was held at the University of Alaska, Fairbanks in 1955. During this convention, Gruening gave a very powerful speech which compared Alaska's situation to the American struggle for independence. The famous speech was entitled "Let Us End American Colonialism" and had a very influential impact. The convention was highly praised and very emotional. The Constitution for Alaska was written up and Alaskans voted and passed the Alaska Constitution in 1956 with overwhelming approval. The Constitution was named "one of the best, if not the best, state constitutions ever written" by the National Municipal League.

The Tennessee Plan
Another step forward for the cause was taken by the Alaskan adoption of the "Tennessee Plan" which allowed them to elect their delegates to Congress without having to wait for an official act from Congress. Alaskans therefore elected to Congress Senators Ernest Gruening and William A. Egan and Representative to the House Ralph J. Rivers. Gruening, Egan, and Rivers attended Congress and were politely received, though they were not officially seated or recognized in any way. The Alaskan delegation did not give up, however, and worked hard with Bartlett to pressure the Congress into action.

Members of Congress change their minds, debate & hold the final vote
Eventually, with the help of Bartlett's influence, the Speaker of the House, Sam Rayburn, who until 1957 had been an ardent opponent of the Alaskan statehood cause, changed his mind and when Congress reconvened in January 1958, President Eisenhower fully endorsed the bill for the first time. Senator Lyndon B. Johnson promised his commitment to the bill but others still stood in the way, such as Representative Howard W. Smith of Virginia, Chairman of the powerful Rules Committee, and Thomas Pelly of Washington State who wanted the Alaskan waters to be open to use by Washingtonians. Senator Prescott Bush of Connecticut stated that Alaska's population was too small, the territory was non-contiguous, economic conditions were unstable and statehood would increase taxes sharply, which would thus disrupt economic development within the state. Senator Stuart Symington of Missouri spoke that making Alaska a state "would strengthen our national defense", and Senator Wayne Morse stated that "the bill's effect on foreign relations 'would be tremendous,' for it would show the world that we 'support self-government and actually believe in freedom put into practice.'". Representative Barratt O'Hara attacked the opposition's fear of the act, stating "During my life-time, 10 states have been admitted to the Union and each time opponents raised the arguments of fear and distrust that we have heard in this debate." Representative W. Smith would rebut "All of those 10 states together were granted less than one-third the land that Alaska is granted and none got mineral rights or the option to choose which land to claim."

Debate lasted for hours within both chambers, though eventually, though, the resistance was able to be bypassed, and the House passed the statehood bill by a 210–166 vote. The Senate, which had had its own version of the bill as well as the House's version, finally managed to pass the House's bill through the fervent urging of Bartlett by a 64–20 vote. On January 3, 1959, after much struggle and through the efforts of many, Alaska finally became the 49th state of the United States of America after President Eisenhower signing of the official declaration.

August 26, 1958 ballots
Three propositions had to be passed by Alaskans in order for statehood to happen:

 * 1) "Shall Alaska immediately be admitted into the Union as a State?"
 * 2) "The boundaries of the State of Alaska shall be as prescribed in the Act of Congress approved July 7, 1958 and all claims of this State to any areas of land or sea outside the boundaries so prescribed are hereby irrevocably relinquished to the United States."
 * 3) "All provisions of the Act of Congress approved July 7, 1958 reserving rights or powers to the United States, as well as those prescribing the terms or conditions of the grants of lands or other property therein made to the State of Alaska, are consented to fully by said State and its people."

All three propositions were approved by Alaskans in a special election held on August 26, 1958. Voter turnout was high.

On the first question, "Shall Alaska immediately be admitted into the Union as a state?", the result was 40,452 in favor, and 8,010 against.

Civil rights, Alaska, and Hawaii
In the late 1950s civil rights bills were being introduced in Congress. To overcome the Southern Democrats' suppression of the pro-Republican African-American vote, then-Republican Hawaii's prospects for statehood were tied to Alaska's, which many thought would be more Democratic. Hawaii statehood was expected to result in the addition of two pro-civil-rights senators from a state which would be the first to have a majority non-white population. This would endanger the Southern minority segregationist Democratic Senate by providing two more pro-civil rights votes to invoke cloture and halt a Senate filibuster.

Opponents of Alaska statehood

 * Prescott Bush—Senator from Connecticut (1952–1963)
 * Hugh A. Butler—Senator from Nebraska (1941–1954)
 * Austin E. Lathrop—American industrialist
 * Emery Fridolf Tobin—Founder/publisher of Alaska Sportsman magazine
 * John E. Manders—Mayor of Anchorage (1945–1946) and tax protester
 * Mike Monroney—Senator from Oklahoma (1951-1969)
 * John R. Pillion—Representative from New York (1953–1965)
 * Strom Thurmond—Senator from South Carolina (1954-1956, 1956–2003)
 * Joe Vogler—founder of the Alaskan Independence Party

Proponents of Alaska statehood

 * Wayne N. Aspinall—U.S. Representative from Colorado (1949–1973)
 * Robert Atwood—editor and publisher of the Anchorage Times
 * Bob Bartlett—delegate to the US House of Representatives from the Alaska Territory (1945–1959) and U.S. Senator from Alaska (1959–1968)
 * Frank Church—U.S. Senator from Idaho (1957–1981)
 * Anthony Dimond—delegate to the US House of Representatives from the Alaska Territory (1933–1945)
 * William Allen Egan—Governor of Alaska (1959–1966, 1970–1974)
 * Edna Ferber—novelist, author and playwright
 * Ernest Gruening—Governor of the Alaska Territory (1939–1953) and Senator from Alaska (1959–1969)
 * Benjamin Franklin Heintzleman—Governor of the Alaska Territory (1953–1957)
 * Walter Joseph Hickel—Governor of Alaska (1966–1969, 1990–1994) and U.S. Secretary of the Interior (1969–1970)
 * Henry M. Jackson—Representative from Washington (1941–1953) and U.S. Senator from Washington (1953–1983)
 * William F. Knowland—U.S. Senator from California (1945–1959)
 * Warren Magnuson—Representative from Washington (1937–1944) and U.S. Senator from Washington (1944–1981)
 * Richard L. Neuberger—U.S. Senator from Oregon (1955–1960)
 * Elmer E. Rasmuson—Alaskan banker and philanthropist and Mayor of Anchorage (1964–1967)
 * Ralph Julian Rivers—U.S. Representative from Alaska (1959–1966)
 * Fred Andrew Seaton—U.S. Senator from Nebraska (1951–1952) and Secretary of the Interior (1956–1961)
 * (Bill Snedden) Charles Willis Snedden—publisher of the Fairbanks Daily News-Miner
 * Ted Stevens—U.S. Attorney (1954-1956), Assistant Secretary of Interior (1958-1960), Solicitor of Interior (1960-1961), U.S. Senator from Alaska (1968-2009), Senate Republican Whip (1977-1985) and President pro tempore of the U.S. Senate (2003-2007)
 * Michael Anthony Stepovich—Governor of the Alaska Territory (1957–1958)
 * Nathan Farragut Twining—Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force (1953–1957) and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (1957–1960)
 * James Wickersham—district judge and delegate to the US House of Representatives from the Alaska Territory (1909–1917, 1919, 1921, 1931–1933)
 * John Butrovich—Territorial State Senator (1944-1958), State Senator (1963-1979)

title: Alaska Statehood Act


text:
Talk:Henry II, Duke of Austria

Spelling
I see both "Markgrave" and "Margrave" here; I would guess that the latter is correct, but this is not my period. -- Jmabel | Talk 23:15, September 1, 2005 (UTC) "Markgraf" is German. "Margrave" is anglicised. "Markgrave" is indecisive nonsense.

Ida
See Talk:Ida_of_Formbach-Ratelnberg

title: Talk:Henry II, Duke of Austria


text: Template:Gamma Ethniki

title: Template:Gamma Ethniki


text:
Wikipedia:Peer review/Ordnance Survey/archive1

Ordnance Survey
Packed full of trivia, would make a great FA one day. --PopUpPirate 23:16, September 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * It looks good to me. I only saw a few minor editing issues (A period instead of a comma: "Colby was not only involved... equipment>.< He also..." "Archeology" in one sentence, "archaeology" in the next.) — RJH 15:24, 7 September 2005 (UTC)


text:
Lorelei (disambiguation)

The Lorelei is a rock in the Rhine River, the subject of numerous legends, poems, and songs about maritime disaster.

Lorelei, Loralei, Loreley, Lorelai, or Lorilei may also refer to:

Film and stage

 * The Lorelei (1927 film), a German silent film
 * Lorelei (musical), a 1974 revision of Gentlemen Prefer Blondes
 * Lorilei, a 2005 play by Tom Wright
 * Lorelei: The Witch of the Pacific Ocean, a 2005 Japanese film
 * Lorelei, a character in the 2015 film Victor Frankenstein
 * Lorelei (film), a 2020 American drama film

Characters

 * Lorelei Lee, a character in the 1925 novel Gentlemen Prefer Blondes
 * a character in the 1949 musical Gentlemen Prefer Blondes, portrayed by Carol Channing
 * a character in the 1953 film Gentlemen Prefer Blondes, portrayed by Marilyn Monroe
 * characters on the television series Gilmore Girls:
 * Lorelai Gilmore
 * Rory Gilmore
 * Lorelei, a dog character from The Dogs of Babel

Comics

 * Lorelei (Asgardian), a character appearing mostly in The Mighty Thor and on Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.
 * Mantis (Marvel Comics), who briefly took the name Lorelei
 * Lorelei (Mutate), a character whose first appearance was in X-Men #63

Literature

 * Lorelei, a 1935 romance novel by Ionel Teodoreanu
 * "Die Lore-Ley", an 1824 poem by Heinrich Heine, set to music by Friedrich Silcher in 1837
 * "Lorelei", a poem by Sylvia Plath

Artists

 * Lorelei (band), a dark rock band from Pittsburgh

Classical

 * Loreley (opera), an 1890 opera by Alfredo Catalani
 * Die Loreley (Bruch), an 1862 opera
 * "Die Lorelei", an 1837 German folk song by Friedrich Silcher
 * "Lorelei", an 1843 Lied by Clara Schumann
 * "Die Loreley", an 1856 song by Franz Liszt

Songs

 * "Lorelei" (George Gershwin song) (1933)
 * "Lorelei" (Styx song) (1976)
 * "Loreley", a 2003 song by Blackmore's Night from Ghost of a Rose
 * "Lorelei", a 2018 song by Clutch from Book of Bad Decisions
 * "Lorelei", a 1984 song by Cocteau Twins from Treasure
 * "Lorelei", a 2003 song by Comeback Kid from Turn It Around
 * "Lorelei", a 1993 song by Corpus Delicti from Twilight
 * "Lorelei", a 2019 song by DIIV from Deceiver
 * "Lorelei", a 1960 song by Lonnie Donegan
 * "Lorelei", a 1984 song by The Explorers from The Explorers
 * "Lorelai", a 2011 song by Fleet Foxes from Helplessness Blues
 * "Laurelei", a 1995 song by Lisa Gerrard from The Mirror Pool
 * "Lorelei", a 1983 song by Nina Hagen from Angstlos
 * "Loreley", a 1981 song by Dschinghis Khan
 * "Lorelei", a 2013 song by Steve Kilbey and Martin Kennedy from You Are Everything
 * "Loreley (The Lovers)", a 2012 song by In Hearts Wake from Divination
 * "Lorelei", a 2016 track by Ladies' Code from STRANG3R
 * "Loreley", a 1998 song by L'Arc-en-Ciel from Heart
 * "Loreley", a 2018 song by Lord of the Lost from Thornstar
 * "Black Forest (Lorelei)", a 2005 song by Mercury Rev from The Secret Migration
 * "Lorelei", a 1989 song by the Pogues from Peace and Love
 * "Lorelei", a 2010 song by Scorpions from Sting in the Tail
 * "Lorelei", a 1998 song by Theatre of Tragedy from Aégis
 * "Lorelei", a 1981 song by Tom Tom Club from Tom Tom Club
 * "Lorelei", a 1976 song by Wishbone Ash from New England
 * "Lorelei", the title track for the character named Ilyasviel from the visual novel Fate/stay night
 * "Lorelei", a 1985 song by Alan Tam

Places

 * Lorelei, Edmonton, a neighbourhood in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
 * Loreley (Verbandsgemeinde), a Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
 * Loralai District, Balochistan, Pakistan
 * Loralai, the principal city of Loralai District

Video games

 * Lorelai (Suikoden), a character in the Suikoden video game series
 * Lorelei (Pokémon), a character from the Pokémon video games
 * Lorelei, a character from the Borderlands 3 video game
 * Lorelai, a sequel to The Cat Lady
 * Order of Lorelei, a fictional military-religious organization in Tales of the Abyss
 * Lorelai, a character from Vainglory

Other uses

 * Lorelei (name), a feminine given name
 * 165 Loreley, an asteroid discovered by C. H. F. Peters in 1876
 * María Luisa Garza (1887–1980), a Mexican writer who wrote under the pen name Lorelay

title: Lorelei (disambiguation)


text: Template:WikiProject Baseball

title: Template:WikiProject Baseball


text:
Bonny, Nigeria

Bonny (originally Okoloama) is a traditional, coastal town and a Local Government Area (LGA) in Rivers State in Southern Nigeria, on the Bight of Bonny. It is also the capital of the Kingdom of Bonny.

The region produces a type of crude oil known as Bonny Light oil. Much of the oil extracted onshore in Rivers State is piped to Bonny for export. It has the biggest LNG Gas Plant in Nigeria with six (6) trains. Currently, the Federal Government of Nigeria has set plans for the construction of the 7th train of the NLNG to boost its gas production in anticipation of dominating the African market.

Bonny has a bridge being constructed from Bodo in Gokana LGA (also in Rivers State) to enable land transportation. A deep seaport is underway as a corporate social responsibility project from CCECC.

Kingdom of Bonny
The Kingdom of Bonny was a sovereign state in the Niger Delta. It is currently one of Nigeria's traditional states.

The original first settlement, which began as a small town, was called Okoloama, a name taken from the Okulo (or Curlews) that inhabited the island in large numbers.

The Kingdom of Bonny was powerful beginning in the 15th century with the advent of the Portuguese and the following Atlantic slave trade. In the 19th century, it came under increasing pressure from the British to end the trade. It collapsed in the subsequent Bonny civil war of 1869 which led to part of Bonny leaving to go form another Kingdom of Opobo. A remnant of Bonny continues to exist, however, as a part of the contemporary aristocratic structure of Nigeria.

Presently, Bonny Kingdom is subdivided into two main segments – the mainland and the hinterland. The mainland comprises Bonny Island that has both Okoloama and Finima and their segments, namely the Main Island (Township), Sandfield, Iwoama, Orosikiri, Aganya, Ayambo, Akiama, Isilegono, New Road, Wilbross pipeline, Workers Camp, and some outlying fishing settlements lying along the Bonny River's coastline. The hinterland includes the village communities such as Kuruma, Fibiri, Oloma, Ayama, Kalaibiama, Ifoko, Sangamabie, Abalamabie and Epellematubo.

title: Bonny, Nigeria


text:
User talk:Urger

Welcome to Wikipedia!
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia!

I noticed nobody had said hi yet...Hi!

Here are some things you might find useful:
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If you have any questions, feel free to ask me on my talk page. Thanks and happy editing, Alf 23:16, 1 September 2005 (UTC).

title: User talk:Urger


text:
Wikipedia:Account suspensions/Paul Klenk

Paul Klenk
05:36, August 25, 2005 Ryan Delaney blocked with an expiry time of 12 hours (Personal attacks)


text:
Marge in Chains

"Marge in Chains" is the twenty-first and penultimate episode of the fourth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on Fox in the United States on May 6, 1993. In the episode, Marge is arrested for shoplifting after forgetting to pay for an item at the Kwik-E-Mart. The family hires attorney Lionel Hutz to defend her at trial, but she is found guilty and sentenced to 30 days in prison. Homer and the rest of the family have trouble coping without Marge.

The episode was written by Bill Oakley and Josh Weinstein, and directed by Jim Reardon. After its initial airing on Fox, the episode was later included as part of a 1997 video release titled The Simpsons: Crime and Punishment. It was released again on the 2005 edition of the same set.

"Marge in Chains" received a positive reception from television critics. The authors of I Can't Believe It's a Bigger and Better Updated Unofficial Simpsons Guide commented positively on the episode, as did reviews in The Daily Mirror and The Observer.

Plot
Troy McClure and Dr. Nick star in a TV advertisement for a juicer called the "Juice Loosener", which is manufactured in and shipped from Osaka, Japan. The advertisement persuades multiple Springfield residents to buy Juice Looseners. However, one of the packers in Osaka has the flu and every package contains some of his germs. The "Osaka Flu" spreads through Springfield.

Every member of the Simpson family catches the flu, except Marge, who quickly becomes exhausted by caring for four family members. On a trip to the Kwik-E-Mart, Marge's exhaustion causes her to forget to pay for a bottle of bourbon that Grampa requested, and she is soon charged with shoplifting. Mayor Quimby dramatically reveals Marge's shoplifting to the town in a public address. Marge's reputation is damaged and the townspeople no longer trust her. The Simpson family hires Lionel Hutz to defend Marge, but due to Hutz's incompetence, Marge is convicted and sentenced to 30 days in prison.

Marge's absence is felt by the family and the house falls into disarray. The annual bake sale also suffers– without Marge's marshmallow squares, the Springfield Park Commission is short the money needed for a statue of Abraham Lincoln; they instead purchase a statue of Jimmy Carter. The townspeople are enraged by this (one person shouts, "He's history's greatest monster!") and riot. To save the town government's reputation, Quimby arranges for Marge to be released from jail early. When Marge arrives home, several townspeople are gathered in her front yard. Quimby unveils the Carter statue again, but it now has Marge's hairstyle, and the inscription has been changed from "Malaise Forever" to "Marge Forever". The statue is then converted into a tetherball post, which Bart and Lisa play with.

Production
"Marge in Chains" was the first episode that Bill Oakley and Josh Weinstein wrote as staff writer. The script was assigned to them after somebody else had come up with the idea. The first draft of the script was "slightly more realistic" than the final version of the episode because Oakley and Weinstein had done a lot of research about women in prison, much of which was later replaced. For Apu and Sanjay's brief lines of Hindi dialogue, the writers called the Embassy of India in Washington to get them to translate. The Embassy was not "interested or happy" but still did it.

In the episode, Jimmy Carter is referred to as "history's greatest monster". In the 2004 Season 4 DVD commentary for this episode, show runners Mike Reiss and Al Jean said that they did not like Carter, although they would vote for him ahead of George W. Bush. Kwik-E-Mart operator Apu testifies in a courtroom scene in the episode that he is able to recite pi to 40,000 decimal places, correctly noting that the 40,000th digit is the number one. The episode's writers prepared for this scene by asking David H. Bailey of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (now at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory) for the number of the 40,000th decimal place of pi. Bailey sent them back a printout of the first 40,000 digits. The Troy McClure movie title P is for Psycho is Mike Reiss' favorite joke he ever wrote for The Simpsons.

"Marge in Chains" originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on May 6, 1993. The episode was selected for release in a 1997 video collection of selected episodes titled: The Simpsons: Crime and Punishment. Other episodes included in the set were "Homer the Vigilante", "Bart the Fink", and "You Only Move Twice". It was included again in the 2005 DVD release of the Crime and Punishment set. "Marge in Chains" is also featured on The Simpsons ' season 4 DVD set, The Simpsons – The Complete Fourth Season, which was released on June 15, 2004.

Cultural references
The episode's title is a reference to the Seattle grunge band Alice in Chains. Bart requests Flintstones Chewable Morphine. When addressing Springfield's residents, Mayor Quimby gives away the plot twist of The Crying Game (1992). The scene of Maude watching Marge in the bathroom is modeled after a similar scene in Alfred Hitchcock's Psycho (1960). David Crosby plays himself as Lionel Hutz's Alcoholics Anonymous sponsor. Nathan Rabin writes that "This is a bit of an in-joke, because the great Phil Hartman, the voice and smarmy soul of Lionel Hutz and so many others, designed an album cover for Crosby, Stills, and Nash back in the 1970s." Their song "Teach Your Children" is referenced when Crosby tells Hutz, "and know that I love you." During Marge's trial, prosecutors show the Zapruder film and assert that Marge was present on the grassy knoll when President John F. Kennedy was assassinated. In Lionel Hutz's dream of what the world would be like without lawyers, the writers had wanted to use the song "I'd Like to Teach the World to Sing", which was used in Coca-Cola advertisements, but they could not get the rights to it. Instead, they used a similar instrumental theme. Homer complains that "I'll miss Sheriff Lobo". Maude asks why God has forsaken the Flanders, and Ned recalls that he laughed at an off-color joke on the Fox sitcom Married... with Children. He laments: “Oh, the network slogan is true! Watch Fox and be damned for all eternity!” The inscription on the Carter statue, "Malaise Forever", is a reference to Carter's "Crisis of Confidence" speech, often referred to as the "malaise" speech, although Carter never used the word.

COVID-19 "predictions"
During the COVID-19 pandemic, media outlets reported that The Simpsons had "predicted" the outbreak with this episode. Episode writer Bill Oakley alleged that Internet trolls were using the episode for "nefarious purposes", including creating memes replacing "Osaka flu" with "coronavirus." Oakley stated his reference for the "Osaka" plot device was the 1968 flu pandemic, which began in British Hong Kong, stating it was "just supposed to be a quick joke about how the flu got here." When speaking on "predictions" from The Simpsons in general, Oakley continued "It's mainly just coincidence because the episodes are so old that history repeats itself."

Comparisons to the episode experienced a resurgence in May 2020, following advisories by Washington state regarding Asian giant hornets in the region, citing a scene where an angry crowd tips over a truck they believed contained a "placebo" for Osaka flu, and accidentally unleashing a swarm of killer bees from a crate in the process. In real life, killer bees were the subject of much media attention in the United States in the late 1980s and early 1990s. In this episode, Mayor Quimby pretends to be in his office, while actually he is in the Caribbean on vacation. This was likened to many politicians who violated their own "stay-at-home" orders during the pandemic, as well as Ted Cruz allegedly abandoning his constituents during the 2021 Texas power crisis to flee to Cancún. However, even before this incident occurred, Cruz has had a history of openly acknowledging that he is a Simpsons fan.

Reception
In its original broadcast, "Marge in Chains" finished 31st in ratings for the week of May 3–9, 1993, with a Nielsen rating of 11.1, equivalent to approximately 10.3 million viewing households. It was the second highest-rated show on the Fox network that week, following Beverly Hills, 90210.

In a review of the episode in The Observer, Caroline Boucher wrote: "My domestic Simpsons correspondent, Simon, reports a particularly fine episode, Marge in Chains to the extent that he watched the tape twice." Karl French of Financial Times characterized the plot of the episode as a "modern version" of It's a Wonderful Life. Dusty Lane of The News Tribune cited a quote from Lionel Hutz in the episode among his list of "Eight Great 'Simpsons' Quotes" – "Well, he's kind of had it in for me since I kinda ran over his dog. Well, replace the word 'kinda' with the word 'repeatedly,' and the word 'dog' with 'son'."

Jessica Mellor of The Daily Mirror highlighted the episode in a review of The Simpsons season four DVD release, along with "Kamp Krusty", "New Kid on the Block", and "I Love Lisa", commenting: "Springfield's finest prove once again why they are the cleverest thing on telly." In a section on the episode in their book I Can't Believe It's a Bigger and Better Updated Unofficial Simpsons Guide, Warren Martyn and Adrian Wood wrote: "We like Bart's plan to rescue Marge from prison by becoming the glamorous Bartina, and Lionel Hutz is supremely inept".

title: Marge in Chains


text:
Shiver my timbers

"Shiver me timbers" (or "shiver my timbers" in Standard English) is an exclamation in the form of a mock oath usually attributed to the speech of pirates in works of fiction. It is employed as a literary device by authors to express shock, surprise, or annoyance. The phrase is based on real nautical slang and is a reference to the timbers, which are the wooden support frames of a sailing ship. In heavy seas, ships would be lifted up and pounded down so hard as to "shiver" the timbers, startling the sailors. Such an exclamation was meant to convey a feeling of fear and awe, similar to, "Well, blow me down!", or, "May God strike me alive and well". Since on the high seas the ship was the sailors' 'world', it may also be interpreted as an exclamation for "shake my world" as the subject being referred to could be, or may be considered a potentially 'world shaking' event.

History
Although the Oxford English Dictionary says the expression "shiver my timbers" probably first appeared in a published work by Frederick Marryat called Jacob Faithful (1835), the phrase actually appeared in print as early as 1795, in a serial publication called "Tomahawk, or Censor General", which gives an "extract of a new MS tragedy called 'Opposition'." In the words of the "old sailor":

 * "Peace? Shiver my timbers! what a noise ye make – ye seem to be fonder of peace than ye be of quiet."
 * "Lather me! – Shiver my timbers. if so be he comes athwart me – I'll soon lower his topsails for him – Here's King George and old England for ever!"
 * "Lather me! – Shiver my timbers. if so be he comes athwart me – I'll soon lower his topsails for him – Here's King George and old England for ever!"

The phrase appears in a news article showing that the phrase was in use at the time.
 * "yarn about the Emp'ror o' Rushy and we o' the Talavera; and shiver my timbers if I shall ever forget it ..."

The Argus Newspaper Archive records the use in the news event as: "As for nine French men-of-war are laying along side us jist now, and overhauling our rigging and tactics, splinter my timbers into shivers if I don't think they are all buccaneers..." would indicate the meaning of "shivers" as the breaking into wedges, small pieces or slivers. Alternatively the word "slivers" itself (meaning a small, thin, narrow piece of something cut or split off a larger piece, which also defines a "splinter"), may be the word "shivers" expresses. The exact phrase is used earlier on the same page "Here's a breeze in a bumboat! shiver my timbers and top-lights, what will our Majesty's loblolly-boys say...". While the exact meaning may be different, the use was still that of an exclamation.

The expression is a derivative of actual 18th century nautical slang, when the phrase "timbers!" or "my timbers!" meant an exclamation (cf. "my goodness!") as can be seen in Poor Jack, a song from 1789 by Charles Dibdin.

The opening of the phrase, 'shiver my..', also predates Jacob Faithful with the following lines from John O'Keeffe's 1791 comic play Wild Oats an earlier example:

 * Harry: I say it's false.
 * John: False! Shiver my hulk, Mr. Buckskin, if you wore a lion's skin I'd curry you for this.

Pirate stereotypes
"Shiver my timbers" was most famously popularized by the archetypal pirate Long John Silver in Robert Louis Stevenson's Treasure Island (1883). Silver used the phrase seven times, as well as variations such as "shiver my sides", "shiver my soul" and "shake up your timbers". Another pirate, Israel Hands, also uses the phrase at one point.

Marryat and Stevenson both wrote Victorian fiction using standard grammar, even when their characters were pirates. The use of "me" instead of "my", which is common to many British regional accents, has appeared in popular culture such as with Popeye; one of his earliest cartoons from 1934 is entitled Shiver Me Timbers! The phrase was also commonly used in Arthur Ransome's Swallows and Amazons books, where it was said at least once in almost every book, most commonly by "Amazon Pirate" Nancy Blackett.

In popular culture

 * In the popular American cartoon Spongebob Squarepants, Mr. Krabs is heard using the phrase "shiver me timbers" often.
 * "Shiver me timbers" and "blow me down" are commonly said by Popeye.
 * "Shiver me timbers" was expressed by elite financial advisor Esme Squalor and main antagonist Count Olaf, in season 3 of A Series of Unfortunate Events, with explanation of definition by character Lemony Snicket.
 * The opening number of the 1996 Brian Henson film Muppet Treasure Island is entitled "Shiver My Timbers." Several of the variants used in the original book are present in the chorus, including "shiver my soul," "shiver my bones," "shiver my sides," and "shiver my sails."
 * In the Canadian animated action-adventure cartoon series ReBoot, the software pirate captain Gavin Capacitor uses the pirate catchphrase mutation "Shiver me templates!".
 * In the Monk episode "Mr. Monk Is On the Air", Steven Weber's radio jockey character says a variation on the exclamation ("jiggle me timbers") on the air as his new catchphrase and this is revealed to be an important plot device in the episode.
 * In the 1967 film The Fearless Vampire Killers, Professor Abronsius uses this expression when observing (via telescope) the vampirised Yoyneh Shagal climb up the outside of his own inn and enter the bedroom of his maid by means of the window.
 * Tom Waits' 1974 album The Heart of Saturday Night includes his song by this name.
 * In the game Paladins, the character named Barik uses the cry "shiver me timbers!" as an emote.

title: Shiver my timbers


text:
Raymond Dwek

Raymond Allen Dwek CBE FRS FRSC (born 10 November 1941) is a scientist at the University of Oxford and co-founder of the biotechnology company Oxford GlycoSciences Ltd.

Biography
Dwek was educated at Carmel College, and the University of Manchester, where he studied chemistry (1960–64). He then went to Oxford University and Lincoln College, Oxford, where he completed his DPhil in physical chemistry in 1966. He became Professor of Glycobiology in 1988 in the Department of Biochemistry. He is an emeritus fellow of Exeter College, Oxford and since 2014, emeritus director of the Oxford Glycobiology Institute, which he founded in 1991. From 2000 to 2006, he was also head of the Department of Biochemistry. He was a member of the Board of Scientific Governors at The Scripps Research Institute from 2007 to 2015 and an Institute Professor there in 2008. Dwek was President of the Institute of Biology from 2008 to 2010, overseeing the merger with the UK Science Federation to form the Royal Society of Biology. Dwek was the Kluge Chair of Technology and Society at the Library of Congress in the US in 2007. He was scientific advisor to the presidents of Ben-Gurion University of the Negev in Israel from 1997 to 2019, where he helped to build the National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev. He was also scientific advisor to the Institute of Biochemistry in Bucharest. Dwek was co-chair of the UK/Israel Science Council from 2012 to 2017. Since 2013, Dwek has been a member of the scientific governing board of the newly established ShanghaiTech University.

Academic and scientific career
Dwek read chemistry (1960–64) at the University of Manchester. He completed his DPhil in physical chemistry at Oxford in 1966. Following this, he became a research lecturer at Christ Church, Oxford, where he taught physical and inorganic chemistry. In 1969, he was invited to join the Biochemistry Department, working with other members of the Oxford Enzyme Group. In 1974, he was elected Royal Society Locke Research fellow, working on antibodies. This led to his appointment as university lecturer in biochemistry with a fellowship, by special election, at Exeter College in 1976. At the same time, he was also appointed a lecturer in biochemistry at Trinity College to help build up the subject there.

Dwek's research on antibodies led directly to defining the function of the attached oligosaccharides and from which the field of glycobiology emerged – a word coined by Dwek which entered the Oxford English Dictionary in 1992. In 1988, Dwek was made Professor of Glycobiology. In 1985, Dwek secured the first industrial grant to Oxford University in its 950-year history, from Monsanto Company USA, which was developing a pharmaceutical arm. The grant was to develop the technology for sequencing oligosaccharides. Over 13 years the value of the grant was almost $100M. In 1991, Dwek became Director of the Glycobiology Institute which he founded and which was built with funds from Monsanto/Searle.

Also in 1988, Dwek was the founding scientist and non-executive director of Oxford GlycoSciences Plc (formerly Oxford GlycoSystems), which was established to commercialise technologies arising from his research at the Glycobiology Institute. In 1995, the company was mentioned as part of the Queen's Anniversary Prize to the University of Oxford. In 1998, it was publicly quoted on the London Stock Exchange.

In 2002 in collaboration with Glycobiology Institute, Oxford GlycoSciences had a drug for Gaucher disease approved worldwide.

In 1998, Dwek was also the founding scientist and chairman of the Scientific Board and Director of Synergy, which was established in the United States to develop antiviral agents for the treatment of chronic Hepatitis B and C infections. This work was taken over by United Therapeutics, USA, and Dwek became a director of this company in 2002 and continues this appointment. The company sponsored the antiviral laboratory at the Glycobiology Institute from 2002 to 2017 and continues its sponsorship of the Annual Unither Barry Blumberg Virology Lecture at Oxford University (2004-2027).

Dwek is the author of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) in biochemistry – application to enzyme systems (OUP, 1973), Principles and Problems in Physical Chemistry for Biochemists, with N C Price (OUP, 1974) and Biology Spectroscopy with I D Campbell (Benjamin Cummings, 1984). He has published over 600 peer reviewed articles and about 100 patents.

Awards and recognition
Dwek has received honorary doctorates from the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium (1996), Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel (2001), the Scripps Research Institute, USA (2004), Cluj University, Romania (2006) and University College Dublin, Ireland (2010).

Other honours include the 7th Wellcome Trust Award for Research in Biochemistry Related to Medicine (1994), the First Scientific Leadership Award of the Hepatitis B Foundation (1997), The Romanian Order of Merit (2000), the Huxley Medal of the Institute of Biology (2007) and the K.T. Wang Bioorganic Chemistry Prize and Lecture, Taiwan. He held the Kluge Chair in Technology and Society at the Library of Congress, USA in 2007. He is an Honorary Fellow of Lincoln College, Oxford (2004). He was a director of ISIS Innovation (now called Oxford University Innovation, OUI) – the University's Intellectual Property Company (2003–8). He was the founding Chairman of Oxford University Consulting, now part of OUI.

Dwek was elected a member of the European Molecular Biology Organization in 1988, a Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry in 1993, a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1998, a foreign member of the American Philosophical Society in 2006, and Hon Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians in 2007. He was the head of the Biochemistry Department from 2000 to 2007 and President of the Institute of Biology from 2008 to 2010. He is a founding member of the UK-Israel Science Council and served as its co-chair alongside Professor Rivka Carmi in the years 2010–2017.

Dwek was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2013 New Year Honours for services to UK/Israel scientific collaboration and in 2018 received a Lifetime Achievement Award from Ben-Gurion University.

Published works

 * (1979). 2nd ed. ISBN 0-19-855511-3
 * (1979). 2nd ed. ISBN 0-19-855511-3
 * (1979). 2nd ed. ISBN 0-19-855511-3

title: Raymond Dwek


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Overshadowing

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. Article is a copyvio from an inherently POV source. — J I P | Talk 07:20, 11 September 2005 (UTC)

Overshadowing
A non-notable POV, which I think is going nowhere. --Doc (?) 23:20, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per nominator. DV8 2XL 23:26, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Nonsense; patent pending if not actually patent. Delete. Tonywalton | Talk 23:43, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Copyvio, mercifully. Tagged and bagged. When it says which website it copied it from....it probably copied it from that website! -Splash 00:28, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * oops, sorry should have got that myself :p (anyway, glad it's gone) --Doc (?) 00:34, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
David Goloschekin

David Semyonovich Goloschekin (Давид Семёнович Голощёкин; born 1944, in Moscow) is a Russian jazz musician. A multi-instrumentalist, performing on the violin (mainly), saxophone, vibraphone, piano, bass, drums and flugelhorn.

Awards

 * 2015 Order of Friendship, Russia.
 * 1999 People's Artist of Russia
 * Polish honorary badge "For Merits before Polish Culture" (odznaka honorowa «Zasłużony dla Kultury Polskiej»)

title: David Goloschekin