text:
Oil depletion

Oil depletion is the decline in oil production of a well, oil field, or geographic area. The Hubbert peak theory makes predictions of production rates based on prior discovery rates and anticipated production rates. Hubbert curves predict that the production curves of non-renewing resources approximate a bell curve. Thus, according to this theory, when the peak of production is passed, production rates enter an irreversible decline.

The United States Energy Information Administration predicted in 2006 that world consumption of oil will increase to 98.3 Moilbbl/d (mbd) in 2015 and 118 million barrels per day in 2030. With 2009 world oil consumption at 84.4 mbd, reaching the projected 2015 level of consumption would represent an average annual increase between 2009 and 2015 of 2.7% per year.

Resource availability

Earth's natural oil supply is effectively fixed because petroleum is naturally formed far too slowly to be replaced at the rate at which it is being extracted. Over many millions of years, plankton, bacteria, and other plant and animal matter became buried in sediments on the ocean floor. When conditions were right – a lack of oxygen for decomposition, and sufficient depth and temperature of burial – these organic remains were converted into petroleum compounds, while the sediment accompanying them was converted into sandstone, siltstone, and other porous sedimentary rock. When capped by impermeable rocks such as shale, salt, or igneous intrusions, they formed the petroleum reservoirs which are exploited today.

Production decline models
For the short and medium-term, oil production decline occurs in a predictable manner based on geological circumstances, governmental policies, and engineering practices. The shape of the decline curve varies depending upon whether one considers a well, a field, or a set of fields. In the longer term, technological developments have defied some of the predictions.

Oil well production decline
An individual oil well usually produces at its maximum rate at the start of its life; the production rate eventually declines to a point at which it no longer produces profitable amounts. The shape of the decline curve depends on the oil reservoir and the reservoir drive mechanism. Wells in water-drive and gas-cap drive reservoirs often produce at a near constant rate until the encroaching water or expanding gas cap reaches the well, causing a sudden decline in oil production. Wells in gas solution drive and oil expansion drive reservoirs have exponential or hyperbolic declines: rapid declines at first, then leveling off.

The shape of production curve of an oil well can also be affected by a number of nongeologic factors:
 * Well may be restricted by choice by lack of market demand or government regulation. This decreases the rate of decline, but will not change the well's total production significantly.
 * Hydraulic fracturing (fracking) or acidizing may be used to cause a sharp spike in production, and may increase the recoverable reserves of a given well.
 * The field may undergo a secondary or tertiary recovery project, discussed in the next section.

Oil field production decline
Individual oil wells are typically within multi-well oil fields. As with individual wells, the production curves for oil fields vary depending on geology and how they are developed and produced. Some fields have symmetric bell-shaped production profiles, but it is more common that the period of inclining production is briefer and steeper than the subsequent decline. More than half the production usually occurs after a field has reached a peak or plateau. Production profiles of many fields show distinct peaks, but for giant oil fields, it is more common for production to reach and maintain a plateau before declining. Once a field declines, it usually follows an exponential decline. As this decline levels off, production can continue at relatively low rates. A number of oil fields in the U.S. have been producing for over 100 years.

Oil field production curves can be modified by a number of factors:
 * Production may be restricted by market conditions or government regulation.
 * A secondary recovery project, such as water or gas injection, can repressurize the field and increase the total recovery.
 * the field may undergo an enhanced oil recovery project, such as drilling of wells for injection of solvents, carbon dioxide, or steam. This allows more oil to be coaxed out of the rock, increasing the ultimate production of the field.

Multi-field production decline
Most oil is found in a small number of very large oil fields. According to Hubbert peak theory, production starts off slowly, rises faster and faster, then slows down and flattens until it reaches a peak, after which production declines. In the late stage, production often enters a period of exponential decline in which the decline becomes less and less steep. Oil production may never actually reach zero, but eventually becomes very low. Factors which can modify this curve include:
 * Inadequate demand for oil, which reduces steepness of the curve and pushes its peak into the future.
 * Sharp price increases when the production peak is reached, as production fails to meet demand. If price increases cause a sharp drop in demand, a dip in the top of the curve may occur.
 * Development of new drilling technology or marketing of unconventional oil can reduce the steepness of the decline as more oil is produced than initially anticipated.

United States production
Oil production in the United States, provided one excludes Alaska, began by following the theoretical Hubbert curve for a few decades but is now deviating strongly from it. U.S. oil production reached a peak in 1970 and by the mid-2000s it had fallen to 1940s levels. In 1950, the United States produced over half the world's oil, but by 2005 that proportion had dropped to about 8%. In 2005, U.S. crude oil imports peaked at a rate twice as high as domestic production; since then, U.S. oil production has increased, and imports have fallen 41%.

The production peak in 1970 was predicted by one of the two projections put forward in 1956 by Hubbert. By 1972 all import quotas and controls on U.S. domestic production had been removed. Despite this, and despite the quadrupling of prices during the 1973 oil crisis, the production decline was not reversed in the lower 48 states until 2009. Crude oil production has since risen sharply from 2009 through 2014, so that the rate of US oil production in October 2014 was 81% higher than the average rate in 2008.

The actual U.S. production curve deviates from Hubbert's 1956 curve in significant ways:
 * When oil surpluses created a glut on the market and low prices began causing demand and production curves to rise, regulatory agencies such as the Texas Railroad Commission stepped in to restrain production.
 * The curve peaked at a higher rate and sharper point than predicted.
 * Production fell after 1970, but started to recover and reached a lower secondary peak in 1988. This occurred because the supergiant Prudhoe Bay field in Alaska was only discovered in 1968, and the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS) was not completed until 1977. After 1988, Alaska production peaked and  total U.S. production began to decline again.  By 2005, Prudhoe Bay had produced over 75% of its oil.
 * Production increases in the 2010s

World oil production

The 1970 production peak in the U.S. caused many people to begin to question when the world production peak would occur. The peak of world production is known as Peak oil.

Implications of a world peak
A peak in oil production could result in a worldwide oil shortage, or it could not even be noticed as demand decreases in conjunction with increased prices. While past shortages stemmed from a temporary insufficiency of supply, crossing Hubbert's Peak would mean that the production of oil would continue to decline, and that demand for these products must be reduced to meet supply. The effects of such a shortage would depend on the rate of decline and the development and adoption of effective alternatives.

Catastrophe
The use of fossil fuels allows humans to participate in takedown, which is the consumption of energy at a greater rate than it is being replaced. The industrial economy is currently heavily dependent on oil as a fuel and chemical feedstock. For example, over 90% of transportation in the United States relies on oil.

Since the 1940s, agriculture has dramatically increased its productivity, due largely to the use of chemical pesticides, fertilizers, and increased mechanisation. This process has been called the Green Revolution. The increase in food production has allowed world population to grow dramatically over the last 50 years. Pesticides rely upon oil as a critical ingredient, and fertilizers require natural gas. Farm machinery also requires oil.

Most or all of the uses of fossil fuels in agriculture can be replaced with alternatives. For example, by far the biggest fossil fuel input to agriculture is the use of natural gas as a hydrogen source for the Haber-Bosch fertilizer-creation process. Natural gas is used simply because it is the cheapest currently available source of hydrogen; were that to change, other sources, such as electrolysis powered by solar energy, could be used to provide the hydrogen for creating fertilizer without relying on fossil fuels.

Oil shortages may force a move to lower input "organic agriculture" methods, which may be more labor-intensive and require a population shift from urban to rural areas, reversing the trend towards urbanisation which has predominated in industrial societies; however, some organic farmers using modern organic-farming methods have reported yields as high as those available from conventional farming, but without the use of fossil-fuel-intensive artificial fertilizers or pesticides.

Another possible effect would derive from modern transportation and housing infrastructure. A large proportion of the developed world's population live in suburbs, a type of low-density settlement designed with the automobile in mind. A movement to deal with this problem early, called "New Urbanism," seeks to develop the suburbs into higher density neighborhoods and use high density, mixed-use forms for new building projects.

Recession
A more modest scenario, assuming a slower rate of depletion or a smoother transition to alternative energy sources, could still cause substantial economic hardship such as a recession or depression due to higher energy prices. Inflation has also been linked to oil price spikes. However, economists disagree on the strength and causes of this association. See Energy crisis.

Rising food prices
Rising oil prices cause rising food prices in three ways. First, increased equipment fuel costs drive higher prices. Second, transportation costs increase retail prices. Third, higher oil prices are causing farmers to switch from producing food crops to producing biofuel crops. Supply and demand suggests if fewer farmers are producing food the price of food will rise.

Replacement
An alternative considered likely by some is that oil will be replaced with renewable energy during the first half of the 21st century. The replacement fuel would likely be hydrogen. A hydrogen economy would then replace the current oil-based economy. Another possible replacement fuel is biogas, which is composed of methane. Methane has a boiling point of −161 °C, rather than hydrogen's -252.87 °C, making methane a much easier fuel to condense.

Other people consider that the whole idea of "the hydrogen economy" is flawed. Compressed hydrogen has an energy density of only 5.6 megajoules per liter. Robert Zubrin looks at the practical problems of using hydrogen as an energy storage medium in Energy Victory: Winning the War on Terror by Breaking Free of Oil. He considers that hydrogen is a very poor form of storage, and that batteries, methanol or dimethyl ether would be better. This point is reiterated in Beyond Oil and Gas: The Methanol Economy and in David MacKay's book described below.

Geothermal power is one source of sustainable energy that can produce hydrogen. Note that David MacKay has shown in his book Sustainable Energy: Without the Hot Air that geothermal can only provide a tiny fraction of the world's needs sustainably. In some areas located over geological hotspots (such as Iceland), geothermal makes more sense.

Solar energy is a source of inexhaustible energy. There is more solar energy that reaches the surface of the Earth each hour than the amount of energy consumed by the world in a year. The challenges of using the sun's energy – energy which can be obtained either from wind power or from solar power – is that the energy needs to either be (1) stored in physical form of fuel for when it can be used in the future, or (2) transported directly as electricity, through transmission lines. Neither is dispatchable, as there is no control over when the sun will shine or when the wind will blow. There are, however, concentrated solar power plants using thermal storage that can store energy efficiently for up to 24 hours.

Nuclear fusion could replace oil on a global and gradual scale; since the announcement of the first net energy gain in a nuclear fusion reaction by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory on December 13, 2022, a race to develop the nascent technology started, Microsoft was the first company to close a contract for the supply of energy from nuclear fusion with the company Helion Energy, companies in the sector accumulate investments of US$ 5 billion, and although there is no energy production plant, the sector is confident, especially in recent years, of delivering abundant and cheaper energy by 2040, with some more optimists believing that it will be available by the end of the decade, the holy grail of energy can play a decisive role in the future of oil in the world and its aftermath decline as a source of energy for human activity.

title: Oil depletion


text: Category talk:Fayette County, Indiana

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category talk:Fayette County, Indiana


text: Category talk:Floyd County, Indiana

title: Category talk:Floyd County, Indiana


text:
Talk:Shelsley Walsh Speed Hill Climb

Capitalisation/spacing
There's not really much of a consensus on this, even on the official site (look at its title bar!), but "Shelsley Walsh Speed Hill Climb" is what's used for the front page title, so I'm going with that here. Various redirects to be set up in due course, I suppose. Loganberry (Talk) 14:51, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Since I wrote that, the site has been redesigned a bit, and Shelsley Walsh Speed Hill Climb is now consistently used. Nice to know I've got something right! Loganberry (Talk) 14:43, 5 June 2006 (UTC)

Keep an eye out, please
This edit (since reverted) by was a rather insidious one. There were some changes that were obviously rubbish (eg mentioning the 1830s as a golden age for Shelsley!) but there were also some that could easily have slipped by without being noticed for ages, such as the average gradient being changed from the correct 1 in 9.14 to 1 in 9.24. Loganberry (Talk) 02:17, 15 November 2006 (UTC)

Saturday July 25, 1908
According to the Manchester Guardian, July 27, 1908: "H.C. Tryon, with S.F. Edge's 60 h.p. Napier, won the cup for the fastest time." It is possible that Edge is listed, as the entrant was given more significance in those days? Also I have a cancellation for 1914 event - Nicholson says "Shelsley Walsh, planned for 22 August, was cancelled,.." Without day/month/year this type of history is of limited value. Rupertlt (talk) 12:47, 5 January 2011 (UTC)

Length of course
There is evidence to suggest that the initial length of the course in this article is incorrect. Also was it set at 1,000 yards in 1907? The Times of India, Oct 7, 1919, Page 29: "The hill has a double bend in the middle, is 1,133 yds. long and the average gradient is 1 in. 9.25." See also: T.R. Nicholson, Sprint - Speed Hillclimbs and Speed Trials in Britain: 1899-1925, Page 67, David & Charles, 1969: "Mr M.C.H. Taylor, a club member who happened to be a tenant of Court House, offered an extremely narrow, rough, steep and twisty 1,133 yd on his land which was seen to have splendid possibilities." --Rupertlt (talk) 14:09, 22 April 2011 (UTC)

Motor Sport, June 1929, Page 74: "The hill, which is in private grounds has a maximum gradient of 1 in 6 and is 1,100 yards in length." --Rupertlt (talk) 20:11, 22 April 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Shelsley Walsh Speed Hill Climb


text: Category talk:Fountain County, Indiana

title: Category talk:Fountain County, Indiana


text: Category talk:Franklin County, Indiana

title: Category talk:Franklin County, Indiana


text: Category talk:Fulton County, Indiana

title: Category talk:Fulton County, Indiana


text: Category talk:Gibson County, Indiana

title: Category talk:Gibson County, Indiana


text:
Dhokla

Dhokla is a savoury sponge dish that is native to the Indian state of Gujarat and parts of adjacent states, and is popular throughout the country. It is made with a fermented batter that is steamed to a cake-like consistency. The batter consists of a mixture of rice with the pulse Bengal gram, but has several variants with the gram replaced by chickpeas, pigeon peas, or urad beans.

History
Dukkia, a pulse-based precursor of dhokla, is mentioned in a Jain text dated to 1066 CE. The earliest extant work to mention the word "dhokla" is the Gujarati Varanaka Samuchaya (1520 CE).

Preparation
Dried rice and split chickpeas (chana dal) are soaked overnight. The mixture is ground, and the paste is fermented for at least four hours. Spices are added, such as chili pepper, coriander, and ginger.

The fermented batter is then steamed for about 15 minutes and cut into pieces. These chopped pieces are seasoned in sauteed mustard seeds or cumin seeds, green chilis and curry leaves.

Dhokla is usually served with deep fried chillies and coriander chutney and garnished with fresh coriander and/or grated coconut.

Types

Popular variants of dhokla include:
 * Khatta dhokla
 * Rasia dhokla
 * Moong dal dhokla
 * Khandavi dhokla
 * Cheese dhokla
 * Toor dal dhokla
 * Dhokla made in oven.jpgich dhokla
 * Rava dhokla
 * Mixed dal dhokla
 * Green peas dhokla
 * Meetha dhokla
 * Besan dhokla

Khaman is similar but made from chickpea flour without rice. It is generally lighter in colour and softer than dhokla.

title: Dhokla


text: Category talk:Grant County, Indiana

title: Category talk:Grant County, Indiana


text:
Up, Bustle and Out

Up, Bustle and Out are musicians and recording artists - Rupert Mould (also known as Señor Rudi) from Bristol, Senor Cuffy (Spanish Guitarist), Dave Cridge (Beat Keeper and tour/soundsystem dj) Eugenia Knight (percussion and Vocals) UK. They have released a number of albums and singles on the Ninja Tune independent record label.

Their music combines electronic music, jazz, hip-hop and funk, but with a distinctly international flavour, particularly South American and Cuban influences. The two Master Sessions albums were co-written by Cuban flautist and orchestrator, Richard Egües.

Discography

 * The Breeze Was Mellow (As The Guns Cooled In The Cellar) (April 1994, Ninja Tune, Cat: ZENCD13)
 * One Colour Just Reflects Another (May 1996, Ninja Tune, Cat: ZENCD19)
 * Light 'em Up, Blow 'em Out (May 1997, Ninja Tune, Cat: ZENCD27)
 * Rebel Radio Master Sessions Vol.1 (Jun 2000, Ninja Tune, Cat: ZENCD46)
 * Master Sessions Vol 2 (July 2001, Ninja Tune, Cat: ZENCD58)
 * Urban Evacuation (10 February 2003, Unique Records, Cat: UNIQ0692)
 * City Breakers (7 October 2004, Routes Music, Cat: RTS01) (double vinyl only)
 * The Mexican Sessions (June 2006)
 * City Breakers - 18 Frames Per Second (Due for release 30 January 2006, Collision Records)
 * Istanbul's Secrets, with Sevval Sam (February 2008, Collision Records, Cat: CCT3017-2) - double CD, vocal and dub versions
 * Soliloquy, (April 2010, Collision Records, Cat: CCT3020-2)

There is also a limited edition version of Rebel Radio Master Sessions Vol.1 (Cat: ZENCD46BK) that includes a book entitled "The Rebel Radio Diary".

title: Up, Bustle and Out


text: Category talk:Greene County, Indiana

title: Category talk:Greene County, Indiana


text:
Agustín Fernando Muñoz y Sánchez, 1st Duke of Riánsares

Don Agustín Fernando Muñoz y Sánchez (4 May 1808 – 11 September 1873), 1st Duke of Riánsares, 1st Marquess of San Agustín, 1st Duke de Montmorot, was the second and morganatic husband of Maria Christina, Regent of Spain.

Early life
Muñoz was born at Tarancón in the Province of Cuenca, New Castile. He was the second son of Juan Antonio Muñoz y Funes (1779-1849), later created Count of Retamoso and his wife, Eusebia Maria Sánchez y Ortega (b. 1781). His paternal grandmother Eugenia Dorotea de Funes y Martinez (b. 1753) was a nursemaid of Infanta Carlota Joaquina, while his father was the keeper of an estanco or office for the sale of the tobacco of the government monopoly.

Marriage to the Regent of Spain
Muñoz enlisted in the royal bodyguard, and he attracted the attention of Maria Christina. According to one account, he distinguished himself by stopping the runaway horses of her carriage; according to another, he only picked up her handkerchief; a third and scandalous explanation of his fortune has been given. Maria Christina's husband, King Ferdinand VII of Spain died on 28 September 1833, and on 29 December 1833 she and Muñoz were privately married. If Maria Christina had officially made the marriage public, she would have forfeited the regency; but her relations with Muñoz were perfectly well known within the Spanish court. When on 13 August 1836 the soldiers on duty at the summer palace La Granja mutinied and forced the regent to grant a constitution, it was generally, though wrongly, believed that they overcame her reluctance by seizing Muñoz, whom they called her guapo, or fancy man, and threatening to shoot him. In 1840 Maria Christina found her position intolerable; she renounced the regency and left Spain with Muñoz. In 1842 Maria Christina purchased the Château de Malmaison as their residence. In 1843, on the overthrow of General Baldomero Espartero they returned to Spain.

Public recognition of the marriage
In 1844, Muñoz's stepdaughter Queen Isabella II was declared to be of age. On 23 June 1844 Isabella gave to Muñoz the title of duque de Riánsares, to which was attached a Grandeza de España; the title came from the river Ánsares, near Muñoz's birthplace in Tarancón. On 12 October 1844 Isabella gave official consent to the marriage between her mother and Muñoz, and it was publicly performed. In 1846 Isabella made Muñoz a Knight of the Golden Fleece. On 30 May 1846 she gave Muñoz a second title, marqués de San Agustín. Muñoz was made a Captain General, the highest rank in the Spanish Army. In 1847 Louis Philippe, King of the French, gave Muñoz the title duc de Montmorot; he also invested Muñoz with the Grand Cross of the Légion d'honneur.

Until driven from Spain with Maria Christina by the revolutionary movement of 1854, Muñoz is credibly reported to have applied himself to making a large fortune out of railway concessions and by judicious stock exchange speculations. Of political ambitions he had none. All authorities agree that he was not only good-looking, but kind and well-bred.

Muñoz died in 1873, five years before his wife, at his home, Villa Mon Désir in Le Havre, near Sainte-Adresse, in France. His remains are buried in the crypt of the Santuario de Nuestra Señora de Riánsares, several kilometres outside Tarancón.

Children
Muñoz and Maria Christina had several children:
 * María Amparo Muñoz, 1st Countess of Vista Alegre (17 November 1834 – 19 August 1864) married Prince Władysław Czartoryski (1828–1894)
 * Maria de los Milagros Muñoz, 1st Marchioness of Castillejo (8 November 1835 – 9 July 1903) married to Filippo del Drago, Prince di Mazzano e d'Antuni (1824–1913).
 * Agustín Muñoz, 1st Duke of Tarancón (15 March 1837 – 15 July 1855)
 * Fernando Muñoz, 2nd Duke of Tarancón and Riansares (27 April 1838 – 7 December 1910) married to Eladia Bernaldo de Quirós y Gonzalez de Cienfuegos (1839–1909).
 * María Cristina Muñoz, Marchioness of La Isabella (19 April 1840 – 20 December 1921) married to Jose Maria Bernaldo de Quirós y Gonzalez de Cienfuegos, 8th Marquess de Campo Sagrado (1840–1911).
 * Juan Muñoz, Count of Recuerdo (29 August 1841 – 2 April 1863)
 * Antonio Muñoz y de Borbón (3 November 1842 – 1847)
 * José Muñoz, Count of Gracia (21 December 1843 – 17 December 1863)


text:
Actin-binding protein

Actin-binding proteins (also known as ABPs) are proteins that bind to actin. This may mean ability to bind actin monomers, or polymers, or both.

Many actin-binding proteins, including α-actinin, β-spectrin, dystrophin, utrophin and fimbrin, do this through the actin-binding calponin homology domain.

This is a list of actin-binding proteins in alphabetical order.

0–9

 * 25kDa
 * 25kDa ABP from aorta
 * 30akDA
 * 30bkDa
 * 34kDA
 * 45kDa
 * 110 kD dimer ABP
 * 110 kD (Drebrin)
 * p53
 * p58gag
 * p185neu
 * p116rip

A

 * a-actinin
 * Abl
 * ABLIM
 * Actin-Interacting MAPKKK Ssk2p
 * ABP120
 * ABP140
 * Abp1p
 * ABP280 (Filamin)
 * ABP50 (EF-1a)
 * Acan 125 (Carmil)
 * ActA
 * Actibind
 * Actin
 * Actinfilin
 * Actinogelin
 * Actin-regulating kinases
 * Actin-Related Proteins
 * Actobindin
 * Actolinkin
 * Actopaxin
 * Actophorin
 * Acumentin (= L-plastin)
 * Adducin
 * ADF/Cofilin
 * Adseverin (scinderin)
 * Afadin
 * AFAP-110
 * Affixin
 * Aginactin
 * AIP1
 * Aldolase
 * Angiogenin
 * Anillin
 * Annexins
 * Aplyronine
 * Archvillin (isoform of Supervillin)
 * Arginine kinase
 * Arp2/3 complex

B

 * Band 4.1
 * Band 4.9 (Dematin)
 * b-actinin
 * b-Cap73
 * Bifocal
 * Bistramide A
 * BPAG1
 * Brevin (Gelsolin)

C

 * c-Abl
 * Calpactin (Annexin)
 * CHO1
 * Cortactin
 * CamKinase II
 * Calponin
 * Chondramide
 * Cortexillin
 * CAP
 * Caltropin
 * CH-ILKBP
 * CPb3
 * Cap100
 * Calvasculin
 * Ciboulot
 * Coactosin
 * CAP23
 * CARMIL
 * Acan125
 * Cingulin
 * Cytovillin (Ezrin)
 * CapZ/Capping Protein
 * a-Catenin
 * Cofilin
 * CR16
 * Caldesmon
 * CCT
 * Comitin
 * Calicin
 * Centuarin
 * Coronin

D

 * DBP40
 * Drebrin
 * Dematin (Band 4.9)
 * Dynacortin
 * Destrin (ADF/cofilin)
 * Dystonins
 * Diaphanous
 * Dystroglycan
 * DNase I
 * Dystrophin
 * Doliculide
 * Dolastatins

E

 * EAST
 * Endossin
 * EF-1a (ABP50)
 * Eps15
 * EF-1b
 * EPLIN
 * EF-2
 * Epsin
 * EGF receptor
 * ERK
 * ENC-1
 * ERM proteins (ezrin, radixin, moesin, plus merlin)
 * END3p
 * Ezrin (the E of ERM protein family)

F

 * F17R
 * Fodrin (spectrin)
 * Fascin
 * Formins
 * Fessilin
 * Frabin
 * FHL3
 * Fragmin
 * Fhos
 * FLNA  (filamin A)
 * Fimbrin (plastin)

G

 * GAP43
 * Glycogenins
 * Gas2
 * G-proteins
 * Gastrin-Binding Protein
 * Gelactins I-IV
 * Gelsolins
 * Girdin
 * Glucokinase

H

 * Harmonin b
 * Hrp36
 * Hexokinase
 * Hrp65-2
 * Hectochlorin
 * HS1 (actin binding protein)
 * Helicase II
 * Hsp27
 * HIP1 (Huntingtin Interacting protein 1)
 * Hsp70
 * Histactophilin
 * Hsp90
 * Histidine rich protein II
 * Hsp100

I

 * Inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP)
 * Insertin
 * Interaptin
 * IP3Kinase A (Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase A)
 * IQGAP
 * Integrins

J

 * Jaspisamide A
 * Jasplakinolide

K

 * Kabiramide C
 * Kaptin
 * Kettin
 * Kelch protein

L

 * 5-Lipoxygenase
 * Limatin
 * Lim Kinases
 * Lim Proteins
 * L-plastin
 * Lymphocyte Specific Protein 1 (LSP1)

M

 * MACF1
 * MacMARKS
 * Mena
 * Myopodin
 * MAP1A
 * Merlin (related to the ERM proteins)
 * Myosins
 * MAP-1C
 * Metavinculin
 * Moesin (the M of ERM proteins)
 * Myosin light chain kinase
 * MAL
 * Mip-90
 * Myosin Light Chain A1
 * MARKS
 * MIM
 * MAYP
 * Mycalolide (a macroglide drug)
 * Mayven
 * Myelin basic protein

N

 * Naphthylphthalamic acid binding protein (NPA) N-RAP
 * Nebulin
 * N-WASP
 * Neurabin
 * Nullo
 * Neurexins
 * Neurocalcin
 * Nexillin

O

 * OYE2

P

 * Palladin
 * Plastin
 * p30
 * PAK (p21-activated Kinase)
 * Plectin
 * p47PHOX
 * Parvin (actopaxin)
 * Prefoldin
 * p53
 * PASK (Proline, Alanine rich Ste20 related Kinase)
 * Presenilin I
 * p58
 * Phalloidin (not a protein; a small cyclic peptide)
 * Profilin
 * p185neu
 * Ponticulin
 * Protein kinase C
 * Porin
 * P.IB
 * Prk1p (actin regulating kinase)

R

 * Radixin (the R of ERM proteins)
 * Rapsyn
 * Rhizopodin
 * RPL45
 * RTX toxin (Vibrio cholerae)
 * RVS 167

S

 * Sac6
 * Sla1p
 * Srv2 (CAP)
 * S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase, (SAHH)
 * Sla2p
 * Synaptopodin
 * Scinderin (adseverin)
 * Synapsins
 * Scruin
 * Spectrin
 * Severin
 * Spectraplakins
 * SVSII
 * Shot (Short stop)
 * Spire
 * Shroom
 * Smitin (Smooth Musc.Titin)
 * Supervillin
 * SipA
 * Smoothelin
 * Sucrose synthetase
 * SipC
 * Sra-1
 * Spinophilin
 * Ssk2p
 * Swinholide

T

 * Talin protein
 * Toxophilin
 * Twinfilin
 * Tau
 * Trabeculin
 * Twinstar
 * TCP-1
 * Transgelin
 * Transgelin 2
 * Transgelin 3
 * Tensin
 * Tropomodulin
 * Thymosin
 * Tropomyosin
 * Titin
 * Troponin
 * TOR2
 * Tubulin bIV

U

 * Ulapualide
 * Utrophin
 * Unc-87
 * Unc-60 (ADF/cofilins)

V

 * VASP
 * Vav
 * Verprolin
 * VDAC
 * Vibrio cholerae RTX toxin
 * Villin
 * Vinculin
 * Vitamin D-binding protein

W

 * WIP
 * WASp

Y

 * Y-box proteins
 * YpkA (YopO)

Z

 * Zipper protein
 * Zo-1
 * Zyxin

title: Actin-binding protein


text:
Talk:Royal Enfield (England)

Bad Joke
Where does the Queen keep her chickens? In the Royal Enfield!

 * This one was especially bad, I did not understand it :-) Manik Raina 14:59, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * 'Enfield' is a pun on 'Hen Field'. Some English regional accents drop the 'h' before an 'e'.  Conch Shell 11:38, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

Considering the Enfield-Indians (for America) and the Indian Enfield, should India's Royal Enfield make a cruiser, and sell it in America as an Indian? Unlikely I know.Seasalt 04:57, 22 October 2006 (UTC)

"Enfield spanning three centuries"
No reference are provided for this in the article. Neither is there any mention of it in the early part of the article in say the Origins of the company.

--User:Unitedroad

 * Royal Enfield was founded in 1898, ie, the 19th century. It's now the 21st century so Royal Enfield production has spanned three centuries. Conch Shell 10:54, 22 June 2006 (UTC)

Enfield of India bought the rights to the "Royal Enfield" name sometime after the British company's collapse, but considering the first motor-bicycle was not made until 1901(?), "motorcycle production" could not be said to "span three centuries", tho' the company itself could be said to "span three centuries".(1898 - 2006) That's the pedant/nitpicker view, unless there's an earlier motor(bi)cycle. Triumph could make the same claim, begun in 1883, first motorcycle 1902, and still produced today. Seasalt 12:29, 1 September 2006 (UTC)

I think the catchcry is actually "A company spanning three centuries with 100 years of continuous motorcycle production" or very similar.Seasalt 09:33, 22 October 2006 (UTC)

114.72.251.13 (talk) 23:41, 17 December 2010 (UTC) Enfield / Royal Enfield were building and selling quadricycles and tricycles before 1900, these were not cars but the forerunners of motorcycles. Some details of these would be interesting, as they are rarely seen or mentioned. Real Pioneer Motoring stuff.... User:R 23:38, 17 December 2010 (UTC)

POV Advert
Having read through the article, the following looks like an advert in encyclopedic form - have removed to here rather than just dumping as the person who added much to the article also wrote this stuff - the bottom two pieces are just adverts, added by 71.215.167.227 on 31 August. There is something there, but not this much POV/hype -Trident13 09:23, 1 November 2006 (UTC)

Egli Super Bullets
The Swiss importer of Enfield, and renowned bike tuning specialist, Fritz Egli designed performance improvements for Royal Enfield. He designed a 535 cc version which produces 26 bhp with a top speed of 125 km/h. Egli's work resulted in multiple efficient improvements for the Enfield including improved ignition performance, aluminium cylinder, Big Bore piston, long stroke crankshafts and many other major and minor modifications. He also offers components for the individual customization of the Royal Enfield such as wheels with aluminium high shoulder rims, "Classic" and "Clubman" saddles.

Royal Enfield Customs
The longtime USA importer of the Royal Enfield, Kevin Mahoney and his firm and Classic Motorworks have a huge catalogue of both styling and performance enhancements for the Royal Enfield Bullet. With their parts the initial modest power of the 500 cc Bullet (22 hp) can be raised to 40 hhopy. Bullets using these modifications have been very successful on American race tracks beating their normally faster contemporaries such as Manx Nortons. The company also produces kits and parts to replicate the look of 1950s and 60s Cafe Racers, trials bikes and other styles.

Royal Enfields and Sidecars
An increasingly popular addition to a Royal Enfield is a sidecar. Many sidecars will attach to the Royal Enfield but the "Cozy" model seems to be most popular. The Cozy which is also manufactured in India is specifically made to bolt onto a Royal Enfield with no modifications. These sidecars have become particularily popular in America and are sold by the US importer of the Royal Enfield, Classic Motorworks in Faribault, MN

Suggestion

 * Egli is notable in motorcycling terms. I did not write the original above, but think Egli rates a mention. How about;

Egli and Enfield

Fritz Egli, famous for designing frames and building motorcycles using existing engines, has the Enfield of India distributorship for Switzerland and Austria. While he has not designed a new frame for the Bullet, he produces performance parts for them. This lead to Egli working as a consultant to the Madras factory, and Royal Enfield incorporating some of his engine improvements into production models.

Sources

Is that acceptable?Seasalt 12:53, 7 November 2006 (UTC)

This article presently that "The 1938 Model K sidevalve V-twin had grown to 1140 cc and was then called KX." This is not quite correct and is a common misconception. Towards the end of the V-twin development, RE broke with their nomenclature slightly. There were actually two versions of the 1140 V-twin, the K and the KX. The later had interchangable wheels and a few other 'luxury' apoointments. The basic version was still called the K, just as the 976cc version had been. I have no documentary evidence to hand to confirm this but my father owns an 1938 1140cc K and it cleary states in the documents he has that it is a K and not a KX. Furthermore, I have seen 1140 K and KXs side by side and there are a few cosmetic differences. I am aware that this breaks all prior RE practice, since they had previously always assigned different letter(s) to models of different capacities, but I am absolutely certain that, in this instance, there are both 976cc and 1140cc Ks. There are also 1140cc KXs, but not all 1140s are KXs. Some are Ks.

On a seperate point, the 1140 engine was introduced in 1937, not 1938. A 1937 V-twin might be either 976 or 1140 but the engine was definately introduced at some point in '37, not '38.

I am not able to provide any documentary evidence to back this up without considerable inconvenience, but does anyone mind if I change this? Jack

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Okay this is from my memory so I can stand being corrected.

Enfield Madras bought the tools and rights to produce the old frame and the bullet engine some time after Royal Enfield produced the "new" bullet frame in 1957 (I think). Enfield India were producing bullet 350s before Royal Enfield finally folded in approx 1971 (date vague as the company had re-formed and moved to Wiltshire, then Indian and lastly Rickman produced the last Interceptors). Enfield India did not start using the Royal Enfield name until the 1980s.

jon

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx —Preceding unsigned comment added by 78.147.4.64 (talk) 11:40, 13 August 2010 (UTC)

Electra X
Very little mention is made of the 500cc Electra X and its significance to Royal Enfield in Europe. The classic version can no longer be imported as it doe not meet EU emissions regs so the Electra X with its 'lean burn' engine was the answer to this problem. I was one of the first in the country to have one and it was met with derision by the 'purists' who did not consider it to be a true Royal Enfield. In truth it was a wonderful handling machine which pulled back 80 - 90 mpg and would cruise all day at between 70 - 80 mph (indicated). Now a couple of years down the line what do people think now? Mspice2215 82.34.55.108 (talk) 19:57, 6 January 2008 (UTC)

Diesel?
According to: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_motorcycle

"Royal Enfield in India was the only manufacturer that has built a diesel motorcycle in mass production."

The word "diesel" does not appear on this page or this one: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Enfield_Motors

There is no mention of what fuel the models of motorcycle listed on this page use. Do I assume that like nearly all other motorcycles they use gasoline (petrol), or do I assume that all of them are diesel powered?

Kevin Trumbull (talk) 17:16, 29 October 2008 (UTC)

You may assume all of them are petrol (gasoline) powered. They all are. The diesel model was short-lived, although there are some die-hards who swear by it. 203.145.134.205 (talk) 16:17, 23 January 2009 (UTC)

 * Imagine kick starting it, with a diesel's compressionSeasalt (talk) 09:02, 7 June 2009 (UTC)

Egli super bullet
Does this section belong in the article at all? Is it even about a Royal Enfield bike? If not, perhaps it should be removed:

EGLI Royal Enfield Super Bullet

Swiss motorcycle tuner Fritz W. Egli, a distributor of Royal Enfield motorcycle, was approached by a customer to create the Egli Super Bullet. The basis for this bike is Egli’s use of a central tube frame constructed from nickel-plated chromium-molybdenum steel. The engine is equipped with an aluminium cylinder, US-sourced piston, larger valves in a redesigned cylinder head, longer stroke crankshaft (105mm), special main bearings, dry clutch, timing belt primary drive and 36mm Keihin flat-slide carburettors. The output is 40PS from a 624cc engine fed via an electric pump from a classic-looking aluminium tank.[12] —Preceding unsigned comment added by 129.240.129.53 (talk) 23:51, 27 January 2009 (UTC)

Suggested merge

 * Not supported - this is one of the oldest British motorcycle manufacturers we need to improve the article not export it to India Thruxton (talk) 07:59, 4 April 2009 (UTC)

 * Not supported - Having motorcycle articles assigned to the name of their current manufacturer does not seem good practice to me, and could contribute to a steady loss of history. It is a tricky business, naming conventions. I would hope both the page on Britain's Royal Enfield and the page on India's Royal Enfield Motors could remain.Seasalt (talk) 08:55, 7 June 2009 (UTC)

 * Not supported - per Thruxton and Seasalt. MalcolmMcDonald (talk) 15:17, 30 January 2010 (UTC)

Today, in era globalization, geography has become irrelevent. Royal Enfield of India by acquiring the rights of Royal Enfield brand, has by default acuired the 'History' and 'Heritage' of the said marque and the company has continued and strentghen the heritage and lagacy of Royal Enfield.Even Jurge Pullin's online Royal Enfield Museum, treat the both company same.. Thus it is retrogressive to have separate wikis. Thus Both the wikis should be merged.Rajesh Kumar69 (talk) 08:44, 23 February 2012 (UTC)

 * Absolutely not. They are two different companies. --Biker Biker (talk) 09:16, 23 February 2012 (UTC)

Millers Classic M/cycles
I have added some historical details picked up from "Millers's Classic Motorcycles Price Guide 1995 Volume II, p.78. Consultants Judith and Martin Miller, general Editor Valerie Lewis". They disagree slightly with this article on the exact start-point of motorcycle manufacturing (and there is a miniscule grammatical error in there if you can find it!). These are their exact words, I've not added everything they say. MalcolmMcDonald (talk) 15:17, 30 January 2010 (UTC)

Multiple external links to offical site
WP:ELOFFICIAL is pretty clear. Links to more than one of the subject's web sites are to be avoided. And en.wikipedia.org is not USA.wikipedia.org; there is no reason to give special attention to the US website of an international company. As far as using the USA site as a source, that's highly questionable. If you are using it for the article, cite it inline. But then again, it's not an independent source, so how much good is it?

The other link, www.royalenfieldmotorcycles.blogspot.com, clearly violates WP:ELNO. --Dbratland (talk) 15:47, 29 March 2011 (UTC)

Not the longest production run...
I don't know where they got their information, but the record for the longest production run of any motorcycle is actually the Russian IMZ-Ural m72, which came from the 1938 BMW R71. This predates the bullet by some 16 years (Enfield of India's 1956 vs Ural's 1940). ▫Bad▫ harlick♠ 12:28, 9 April 2013 (UTC)

The 1935 Royal Enfield catalog shows both the "Bullet" 250cc and 500cc versions. Link follows. http://reocarchive.byethost31.com/Catalogues/1935Catalogue.pdf

Royal Enfield back in London
This article describes Royal Enfield as defunct but I read a newspaper article recently that they are opening a new shop in London. VenomousConcept (talk) 17:09, 12 August 2014 (UTC)
 * This particular Royal Enfield article refers to the business up to 1971, as stated in the intro and infobox. The later business is stated (in the hatnote before the lede section) as Royal Enfield (India) or Royal Enfield Motors which produces motorcycles currently (also included in the lead section).--Rocknrollmancer (talk) 21:00, 12 August 2014 (UTC)

Time for a new article at Royal Enfield (India)?
We need better coverage of the Indian Royal Enfields, the UK re-imported Enfields and the UK re-imported Royal Enfields. However this doesn't remove the past history of the original company.

We might even convert Royal Enfield to a disambiguation page and rename this article as Royal Enfield (UK). Andy Dingley (talk) 12:33, 12 March 2015 (UTC)
 * OK, it looks as if we did have such an article, but it was renamed to Royal Enfield (Closed). I'll try and get it recovered. Andy Dingley (talk) 12:38, 12 March 2015 (UTC)

 * We need to discuss this whole structure and reach consensus on how to handle it. I must admit that I am not keen on the new article name Royal Enfield (Closed) and would have preferred some discussion. Cheers DBaK (talk) 12:41, 12 March 2015 (UTC)

If we not changed the name then people will get confused every time they see the name.

 * We had the two pages - UK Enfield and India Enfield - co-existing quite nicely until now. The differences are/were accommodated by the hatnotes on both articles. The changes to other articles from this new editor may need scrutiny.--13:19, 12 March 2015 (UTC)

hatnotes could help only when the article is opened so we need a change so that difference can be understood by name only. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Saurabh2y (talk • contribs) 05:50, 13 March 2015 (UTC)

We need to add something in the article name of Royal Enfield like Royal Enfield Closed or Defunct or Royal Enfield UK etc. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Saurabh2y (talk • contribs) 05:54, 13 March 2015 (UTC)

 * I see that everything has been moved (undiscussed) yet again. Can we please have some discussion and agreement on where is best to go before anyone starts on sorting out this mess again. Andy Dingley (talk) 10:44, 29 March 2015 (UTC)
 * YES! Please, no moves without discussion. Don;t just go ahead and do it, please please please. DBaK (talk) 10:53, 29 March 2015 (UTC)
 * OK, I suggest:
 * Royal Enfield disambig
 * Royal Enfield (UK)
 * Royal Enfield (India)
 * Also restore the deleted content  Andy Dingley (talk) 10:58, 29 March 2015 (UTC)
 * Agree - looks like an eminently suitable plan! Robevans123 (talk) 11:17, 29 March 2015 (UTC)
 * Yup DBaK (talk) 21:46, 29 March 2015 (UTC)

Ok then suggestion for
 * Royal Enfield (UK)
 * Royal Enfield (India)

is ok as it clearly differentiate two entities. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Saurabh2y (talk • contribs) 04:43, 30 March 2015 (UTC)

 * Yet more undiscussed moves from Saurabh2y, contrary to what has been discussed here.  Getting tired of this now.   Andy Dingley (talk) 12:33, 5 April 2015 (UTC)

Claim of weapons manufacture legacy
The article claims that the logo refers to a legacy of weapons manufacture, but there is no mention of that in the history section. I rather suspect that the logo was piggybacking on RSAF Enfield, who created some of the most famous small arms in British history, including the Lee–Enfield (standard rifle of British and Commonwealth troops in both World Wars) and the SA80 (current standard rifle of the British Army).-84.170.92.183 (talk) 00:13, 9 June 2015 (UTC)
 * This dates the name and slogan "Made like a gun" to 1893 and says it was because the motorcycle company also make rifle parts for Royal Small Arms Factory. Same here. --Dennis Bratland (talk) 02:58, 9 June 2015 (UTC)
 * Great, thanks! Could you please add this bit of information to the history section?-84.170.92.183 (talk) 10:43, 9 June 2015 (UTC)

The Enfield Cycle Company of Redditch, Worcestershire did not have any part in the manufacture of the Lee-Enfield rifle by the Royal Small Arms Factory at Enfield, London. The Enfield Cycle Company were however also an engineering firm and did produce defence components (not guns) which probably earned them the 'Royal' prefix. More research on Enfield Cycle Company history needed. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.154.242.162 (talk) 15:34, 1 August 2016 (UTC)

Shortly after WWII, Royal Enfield produced a book titled "A Proud war record" which lists and shows equipment manufactured for the war effort. Link follows. http://reocarchive.byethost31.com/misc/proud.pdf

Assessment comment
Substituted at 20:13, 1 May 2016 (UTC)

Disputed section tagging
Changes by U|Vintagent introduced errors in March 2016. I found them soon after. Despite being notified together with historic evidence emailed directly, this editor still has not corrected the prose. I have to assume the emailed 1996(?) article was received but purposely unactioned. Worse than that, the errors presently implicate another author's published work which, as I don't have his book, I have to assume is correct. See User talk:Vintagent dated 21 May 2016. copyvio link is not applicable. I've sat on this for a year, and expect I'll have to do the correction; it's largely buried so I've monitored it but allowed it to run.--Rocknrollmancer (talk) 00:24, 8 April 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
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A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 19:06, 18 August 2019 (UTC)
 * Royal Enfield Motorcycle-Logo-274x300.png

'Indian' Enfield photo
The Enfield Indians section is about bikes made in the UK and the US in the 1950s and 60s. It is currently illustrated with a photo captioned 'Royal Enfield Bullet 350 in front with license plate from Delhi, India' showing a modern Enfield manufactured in India, which I am going to remove. Robert P Connolly (talk) 08:59, 18 April 2022 (UTC)

Requested move 25 March 2024

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: moved. (closed by non-admin page mover) —TechnoSquirrel69 (sigh) 02:21, 11 April 2024 (UTC)

– As the former is defunct since 1971, and the latter is still functional and selling products (perhaps in international market). This move will help readers not get confused. Thanks, Please feel free to ping/mention -- User4edits (T) 06:57, 25 March 2024 (UTC) — Relisting. There appears to be consensus that the Indian company is the primary topic, but the discussion needs to settle on the preferred new title for the English one. —TechnoSquirrel69 (sigh) 18:19, 3 April 2024 (UTC) The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.
 * Royal Enfield → Royal Enfield (defunct)
 * Royal Enfield (India) → Royal Enfield
 * Support but move to Royal Enfield (England) instead. I was expecting to oppose based on WP:RECENTISM, but the Indian company has been consistently more popular despite being disambiguated so it does seem like the primary topic. * Pppery * it has begun... 15:48, 25 March 2024 (UTC)
 * Move to Enfield Cycle Company per WP:NATURAL. The present-day Indian company has indeed assumed the history and lineage of Royal Enfield.. 162 etc. (talk) 16:19, 25 March 2024 (UTC)
 * Support the Indian one has 29,782 views compared with only 15,110[|Royal_Enfield_(India)] for the English one but I'd consider having the base name as a DAB instead and moving the English one to Royal Enfield (England) or The Enfield Cycle Company Limited.  Crouch, Swale  ( talk ) 17:45, 25 March 2024 (UTC)
 * Just an observation, if the more active and relevant by general commonsense is the (India) one, however, given the current link for RE to the (defunct) article. It can be said that a few % of views in RE (defeunct) is just people who wanted to see RE (India) and soon navigated to RE (India). Thanks, Please feel free to ping/mention -- User4edits (T) 04:30, 26 March 2024 (UTC)
 * Support but move to the alternative title suggested by Pppery. The Indian Company is cleary the WP:PRIMARYTOPIC. Arnav Bhate (talk) 14:13, 4 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Royal Enfield (England)


text:
Talk:Amresco

May I propose that the title of the page, "Amresco", be renamed "AMRESCO" in keeping with the form that it is normally acknowledged (as witnessed by the Yahoo search engine)? PM Poon 14:54, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

Sounds a little bit like a western movie, and a little bit like a conspiracy theory.

First, Perot left the Marines in 1957. McColl served 1957 - 1959. They probably never met. In "The Story of Nationsbank: Changing the Face of American Banking" By Marion A. Ellis, page 246 concerning the acquisition of First Republic -- "McColl and Perot had met only once, a year earlier at a dinner in Charlotte."

According to SEC filings, "the Company begain operations in 1987, not 1990. (John Bob 17:49, 25 June 2007 (UTC))

title: Talk:Amresco


text: Category talk:Hamilton County, Indiana

title: Category talk:Hamilton County, Indiana


text: Category talk:Hancock County, Indiana

title: Category talk:Hancock County, Indiana


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The Satan Pit

"The Satan Pit" is the ninth episode of the second series of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was first broadcast on 10 June 2006. It is the second part of a two-part story. The first part, "The Impossible Planet", was broadcast on 3 June.

The episode is set on Krop Tor, a planet orbiting a black hole. In the episode, the alien time traveller the Tenth Doctor (David Tennant) climbs down a deep pit in which the Beast (Gabriel Woolf) is kept prisoner. At the same time, the Doctor's travelling companion Rose Tyler (Billie Piper) and a human expedition team try to escape the planet after the Beast possesses the Ood on the base.

Plot
The Tenth Doctor and science officer Ida investigate a pit under a recently opened trap door deep in the planet Krop Tor. In the sanctuary base, Rose and three members of the crew, Jefferson, Danny, and Toby, flee from the advancing Ood, who are possessed by the Beast. Toby appears to be no longer possessed. As the Doctor and Ida prepare to return to the base, the Beast communicates with the Doctor and the rest of the crew through the Ood and explains that he was sealed in the pit before the universe began. The Beast demoralises the Doctor, Rose, and the crew, telling them that they will die. The lift cable snaps shortly after, trapping Ida and the Doctor ten miles underground with limited air.

With base commander Zach cornered in the control room by Ood, Rose and the rest of the crew are forced into a maintenance tunnel. Jefferson sacrifices his life to save the crew. Rose, Danny, and Toby go on to incapacitate the Ood by disrupting the telepathic field that keeps them functioning. After the group reunites with Zach, Zach knocks out the unwilling Rose and takes her with them to board the escape rocket and leave the planet.

Meanwhile, the Doctor and Ida use the lift cable to explore the pit, although the Doctor finds nothing but darkness far below. He then chooses to detach himself and fall, landing at the bottom thanks to an air cushion, and finds that he can breathe. The Doctor finds the physical form of the Beast. He quickly deduces from the unintelligible grunts coming from the Beast that its consciousness has already escaped and that Krop Tor was designed as the perfect prison for the Beast: its jailers devised two nearby jars as a failsafe, since their destruction would cause the planet to plunge into the black hole. The Doctor smashes the jars anyway to destroy the Beast. As the planet falls out of orbit, the Doctor stumbles across his TARDIS.

The rocket is also pulled towards the black hole, and Toby reveals he is still possessed. Rose takes Zach's bolt gun and shoots out the rocket's front window, unhooking Toby's safety harness to jettison him into space. Only having time for one trip, the Doctor rescues Ida just as her air supply runs out and tows the rocket to safety with the TARDIS.

Production
Russell T Davies said that in order to inspire the design of the Beast, he sent the visual designers at The Mill images of paintings by Simon Bisley, a comics artist known for muscular grotesqueries. In the episode commentary, Davies said that an early draft of the script called for the role of the Ood to be filled by the same species as the Slitheen. Their race would have been enslaved and they wished to awaken the Beast, whom they believed to be a god that could free them. Davies claims credit for naming the Ood as a play on the word "odd".

According to the DVD commentary, the final scene in the TARDIS where the Doctor says "the stuff of legend" was the last major scene shot for Series 2, on March 31, 2006, and the last to feature Billie Piper (whose actual final episode had been filmed on January 16). It was not, however, the last scene filmed for the season, which was the "cliffhanger" scene at the very end of "Doomsday", filmed during the wrap party on March 31.

Davies also mentioned that one of many unused ideas for a creature in this episode would be used in series three; this turned out to be the Toclafane from "The Sound of Drums"/"Last of the Time Lords", as revealed via Davies's comments in Doctor Who Magazine Series Three Companion.

Broadcast and home media
This episode was shown the Saturday after 6/6/06, with the first part airing the Saturday before, hence it bookmarked a week full of Devil-related stories in the media. Overnight ratings for "The Satan Pit" came in at 5.5 million viewers. This could be explained by the unusually hot country-wide weather, combined with the first England game of the 2006 World Cup. "The Satan Pit" had an audience share of 35%, meaning that its overall share has remained static and it was the third-most-watched programme of the day, after the World Cup game and Casualty. The final consolidated rating was 6.08 million, the lowest of any episode of Doctor Who since the show was revived in 2005. The audience Appreciation Index for the episode was 86.

This episode and "The Impossible Planet" were released in the UK, together with "Love & Monsters", as a basic DVD with no special features on 7 August 2006. It was re-released as part of the Complete Series 2 box set on 20 November 2006 with a commentary by James Strong, Mike Jones and Ranny Jhutti.

IGN's Ahsan Haque gave "The Satan Pit" a score of 8.7 out of 10. He was generally positive and praised the CGI that animated the Beast, though he noted that the Doctor made some "logical leaps". Dave Golder of SFX felt that the ambition of the story could not live up to production values, but he praised Tennant and Piper. While he found some "scripting misfires" like the easy recovery of the TARDIS, he described the story as "action-packed, ambitious, emotionally draining and, thankfully, still willfully different to every other SF show out there." Arnold T Blumburg of Now Playing was more critical, giving "The Satan Pit" a grade of C+. He found it a disappointing conclusion which spent too much time getting the Doctor to the monster, only for him to confront it by "ranting and raving rather embarrassingly at a roaring CGI effect." He also criticised the Doctor's concentration on saving Rose without mentioning the other characters, and noted that a few previously unseen crew members appeared and that "entire plot threads also go nowhere". Still, he praised the acting of the guest cast, the music, and the effects, concluding that the two-parter was "a qualified success that offers solid character, brilliant visual design and some thought-provoking moments damaged only by poor plotting and some glaring missed opportunities".

title: The Satan Pit


text:
The Flying Irishman

The Flying Irishman (aka Born to Fly) is a 1939 biographical drama film produced by RKO Pictures about Douglas Corrigan's unofficial transatlantic flight the previous year in a dilapidated Curtiss Robin light aircraft. The film was directed by Leigh Jason based on a screenplay by Ernest Pagano and Dalton Trumbo.

The Flying Irishman covers the material of Corrigan's autobiography, That's My Story, from his early life to his return from his wrong-way flight. Because of the huge popularity of Corrigan and his flight, the screenplay assumes that the material is already familiar to its audience.

Plot
In 1938, an unlikely event unfolds as pilot Douglas Corrigan returns to the United States after his transatlantic flight, made "the wrong way" across the Atlantic. The passion to fly was there from an early age as young Douglas faced some hardships as his parents separated, leaving his mother (Dorothy Peterson) to rear two sons and a daughter.

When his mother dies, Douglas becomes the family breadwinner, putting his brother Henry (Eddie Quillan) through college. With his own funds, he becomes partners with his friend Butch (Paul Kelly), an experienced pilot, in the purchase of an aircraft. Doug aspires to attain a pilot's job, but increasing regulation of commercial aviation keeps putting the job beyond his grasp: by the time he gains the experience required, the qualification standards have been increased again. After a series of setbacks, including losing his aircraft in a crash and seeing the qualification requirements include a college degree beyond his means, Doug begins to plan an audacious feat, flying across the Atlantic just like Charles Lindbergh (who also did not have a college education), to prove his exceptional ability.

After earning enough money as a welder to purchase and modify a second-hand aircraft, Doug goes into business with Henry as a barn-stormer to finance a transatlantic attempt, but Henry eventually tires of the drudgery of eking out a living day to day. Doug learns about a new commercial airline route to Ireland and decides to make a solo flight to prove his qualifications. In New York, after his plane is grounded by an inspector, Doug's brother arranges a return flight to San Diego, lifting the flight ban. Once in the air, Doug instead heads off to Ireland, and, 28 hours later, makes it successfully to Dublin. When Doug rejects an airline offer of a job as vice-president and chief pilot because he only wants to be a pilot, he is told that his goal is impossible, because passengers going "to Cheyenne" want to be confident of arriving at the correct destination!

Cast

 * Douglas Corrigan as himself
 * Paul Kelly as Butch Brannan
 * Robert Armstrong as Joe Alden, the flying instructor
 * Gene Reynolds as Douglas Corrigan as a boy
 * Donald MacBride as Roy Thompson
 * Eddie Quillan as Henry Corrigan, Douglas' brother
 * J. M. Kerrigan as Clyde Corrigan Sr., Douglas' father
 * Dorothy Peterson as Mrs. Corrigan
 * Olaf Hytten as Radio Operator (uncredited)
 * Lloyd Ingraham as Doctor (uncredited)

Production
The Flying Irishman was made quickly, with principal photography taking place from November 15 to December 1938 in Van Nuys and Culver City, California, to exploit the huge public interest in the adventure. Although the production attempted to provide an accurate account of his life story, with Corrigan as himself in the lead role, many of the other parts were played by established character actors, which undermined its attempt at realism.

Reception
The Flying Irishman was a typical "B" film in terms of length and treatment as well as having an obviously uncomfortable individual featured in the lead role, yet the "fun" of the unlikely tale was conveyed. Frank Nugent of The New York Times charitably called it a "freak picture" that, nonetheless, was "... lively, unassuming, natural and thoroughly entertaining."

title: The Flying Irishman


text:
Walston, South Lanarkshire

Walston is a hamlet in the middle of black mount area of South Lanarkshire, Scotland.

History
Patrick Molleson in the Old Statistical Account records that the name sometimes used to be written as Welstoun (with a long s) and may have come from a copious spring of good water known as Walston-well. However John Wilson in the New Statistical Account suggests that the name may have come from Waldef, the brother of the Earl of Dunbar. In this theory the name started as Waldef's-toun and transformed via Walyston to Walston. John Wilson also mentions Patrick Anderson of Walston who was imprisoned on the Bass Rock for keeping conventicles and corresponding with banned ministers.

Walston Today
It contains a few houses and bungalows. A park and church are located at the ends. There is also a telephone box and a bed and breakfast. Walston Primary School provides an education for around 45 children aged 5 – 11. Due to the small pupil population, the classes are composite and the staff may fill multiple roles, such as janitor and chef. In 2018 plans were approved to rebuild the school in the village of Elsrickle.

title: Walston, South Lanarkshire


text: Category talk:Harrison County, Indiana

title: Category talk:Harrison County, Indiana


text:
Talk:Actin-binding protein

Untitled
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title: Talk:Actin-binding protein


text: Category talk:Hendricks County, Indiana

title: Category talk:Hendricks County, Indiana


text: Category talk:Henry County, Indiana

title: Category talk:Henry County, Indiana


text: Category talk:Howard County, Indiana

title: Category talk:Howard County, Indiana


text: Category talk:Huntington County, Indiana


text: Category talk:Jackson County, Indiana

title: Category talk:Jackson County, Indiana


text:
Marc Athanase Parfait Œillet des Murs

Marc Athanase Parfait Œillet des Murs (Paris, 18 April 1804 – Nogent-le-Rotrou, 25 February 1894), also known as Marc Oeillet des Murs, was a French amateur ornithologist and local politician and historian.

Life
Born to Jacques Philippe Athanase Œillet Des Murs and Marie Henriette Gard, he entered the magistracy in 1830 and left it in 1838. In 1841 he became a lawyer in the Court of Cassation, but in 1846 retired to the department of Eure-et-Loir, where, in 1843, he had bought a castle called the Château St. Jean near the town of Nogent-le-Rotrou and begun extensive restoration work on it.

He was the mayor of Nogent-le-Rotrou from 1860 to 1868. In 1885, having sunk a good deal of his fortune into the restoration of the Château, he sold it. He died in 1894, aged 89. He married Caroline Euphrasie Naulot, who survived him.

Ornithology
He published many papers. His major ornithological works include
 * Iconographie Ornithologique, (1849), a book of illustrations and descriptions of birds.
 * The ornithological section of Voyage autour du monde sur la frégate la Vénus: Zoologie (Voyage Around the World on the Frigate Vénus: Zoology), in collaboration with Florent Prévost (1855), in which they described several new species.
 * Traité général d’oologie ornithologique au point de vue de la classification (A General Treatise on Ornithological Oology from the Point of View of Classification), 1860. One reviewer praised the author's knowledge of oology but disagreed with his reliance on resemblances of eggs, with too little attention to other information, in the classification of birds.
 * Leçons élémentaires sur l'histoire naturelle des oiseaux (Elementary Lessons on the Natural History of Birds), a popularization of ornithology, in which he joined Jules Verreaux in collaborating with Jean-Charles Chenu.

History
His main historical work is Histoire des comtes du Perche de la famille des Rotrou de 943 à 1231 (History of the Counts of Perche of the Rotrou Family from 943 to 1231), 1856.

Surname
"Des Murs" is a known French surname meaning "of the walls". "Œillet" means "carnation" (or any Dianthus), so "Œillet des Murs" could be a rare surname meaning "carnation of the walls". Which of those was his surname seems to have been unclear even during his lifetime. His name appears on the title pages of his books as "M. O. des Murs" and as "O. des Murs" with no other names or titles, though he signs a dedication "P. O. des Murs". It also appears as "O. des Murs" in books where the names of his co-authors, Chenu and Verreaux and Prévost, are given with initials and surnames, suggesting that he thought of "O." as his initial and "Des Murs" as his surname. Likewise his contribution to Chenu's Encyclopédie d'histoire naturelle is listed as by "M. des Murs". On the other hand, he was cited with the family name "Oeillet des Murs" in his time, on his death certificate and later, and Marc Oeillet des Murs appears as a writer on Normandy.

title: Marc Athanase Parfait Œillet des Murs


text: Category talk:Jefferson County, Indiana

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text: Category talk:Jasper County, Indiana

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text: Category talk:Jennings County, Indiana

title: Category talk:Jennings County, Indiana


text: Category talk:Johnson County, Indiana

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text: Category talk:Jay County, Indiana

title: Category talk:Jay County, Indiana


text:
Don't Fear the Reaper (EP)

Don't Fear the Reaper, the second EP by the duo of Clint Ruin (also known as J. G. Thirlwell) and Lydia Lunch, finds the pair taking on classic covers and new songs in equal measure. The 1991 disc's title track is Ruin and Lunch's take on the Blue Öyster Cult hit (the other cover sees them reconfiguring The Beatles).

Track listing

 * "Serpentine" is a vocal version of "Transcendental Moonshine" from Steroid Maximus' ¡Quilombo!.

Personnel and production

 * Clint Ruin – Performance, production, recording (2–4), engineering (2–4)
 * Lydia Lunch – Performance
 * Martin Bisi – Recording (1), engineering (1)

title: Don't Fear the Reaper (EP)


text: User talk:82.39.74.214

title: User talk:82.39.74.214


text:
LPL

LPL may refer to:

Organizations

 * Lambeth Palace Library, of the Church of England
 * LG Display, a South Korean LCD panel maker, NYSE symbol
 * London Public Library, Ontario, Canada
 * LPL Financial, US broker and dealer
 * Luxembourgish Patriot League, WWII resistance movement
 * Lycée Prince de Liège, a Belgian school in Kinshasa, DRC

Science

 * Lipoprotein lipase, an enzyme that hydrolyzes lipids
 * Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, Tucson, Arizona, USA
 * Lipoate–protein ligase, an enzyme

Sports

 * Lanka Premier League, a Twenty20 cricket league
 * League of Legends Pro League, top level of professional League of Legends in China

Other uses

 * Lucent Public License, an open-source license
 * LockPickingLawyer, an American YouTuber
 * London Property Letter, UK
 * Liverpool John Lennon Airport, UK (by IATA airport code)
 * Lease-a-Plane International, Northbrook, Illinois, USA (by ICAO airline code)

title: LPL


text:
IPFC

IPFC stands for Internet Protocol over Fibre Channel. It governs a set of standards created in January 2006 for address resolution (ARP) and transmitting IPv4 and IPv6 network packets over a Fibre Channel (FC) network. IPFC makes up part of the FC-4 protocol-mapping layer of a Fibre Channel system.

In IPFC, each IP datagram packet is wrapped into a FC frame, with its own header, and transmitted as a sequence of one or more frames. The receiver at the other end receives the frames, strips the FC headers and reassembles the IP packet. IP datagrams of up to 65,280 bytes in size may be accommodated. ARP packet transmission works in the same fashion. Each IP datagram exchange is unidirectional, although IP and TCP allow for bidirectional communication within their protocols.

IPFC is an application protocol that is typically implemented as a device driver in an operating system. IP over FC plays a less important role in storage area networking than SCSI over Fibre Channel or IP over Ethernet. IPFC has been used, for example, to provide clock synchronization via the Network Time Protocol (NTP).

title: IPFC


text:
Lake Oviáchic

Lake Ouiachic (also referred to as the Álvaro Obregón Reservoir) is located in the foothills of the Sierra Madre Occidental and is created by the Álvaro Obregón Dam. Lake Ouiachic is fed by and drained by the Yaqui River. The dam was completed in 1952 with the purpose to regulate water flow of the Yaqui River, prevent floods, and generate electricity. Lake Ouiachic is also an expanding tourist and resort area specializing in fishing, boating, and water skiing.

title: Lake Oviáchic


text:
Hyaenodontidae

Hyaenodontidae ("hyena teeth") is an extinct family of placental mammals from extinct superfamily Hyaenodontoidea within extinct order Hyaenodonta. Hyaenodontids arose during the early Eocene and persisted well into the early Miocene. Fossils of this group have been found in Asia, North America and Europe.

Taxonomy

 * Family: †Hyaenodontidae (Leidy, 1869)
 * Genus: †Boritia (Solé, 2014)
 * †Boritia duffaudi (Solé, 2014)
 * Genus: †Neosinopa (Lavrov, 1999)
 * †Neosinopa gobiensis (Lavrov, 1999)
 * Genus: †Praecodens (Lange-Badré, 1981)
 * †Praecodens acutus (Lange-Badré, 1981)
 * Genus: †Preregidens (Solé, 2015)
 * †Preregidens langebadrae (Solé, 2015)
 * Genus: †Protoproviverra (Lemoine, 1891)
 * †Protoproviverra palaeonictides (Lemoine, 1880)
 * (unranked): †Cynohyaenodon/Quercytherium clade
 * Genus: †Cynohyaenodon (paraphyletic genus) (Filhol, 1873)
 * †Cynohyaenodon cayluxi (Filhol, 1873)
 * †Cynohyaenodon lautricensis (Lange-Badré, 1978)
 * †Cynohyaenodon ruetimeyeri (Van Valen, 1965)
 * †Cynohyaenodon smithae (Solé, 2021)
 * †Cynohyaenodon trux (Van Valen, 1965)
 * Genus: †Paracynohyaenodon (Martin, 1906)
 * †Paracynohyaenodon magnus (Crochet, 1988)
 * †Paracynohyaenodon schlosseri (Martin, 1906)
 * Genus: †Quercytherium (Filhol, 1880)
 * †Quercytherium simplicidens (Lange-Badré, 1975)
 * †Quercytherium tenebrosum (Filhol, 1880)
 * (unranked): †Eurotherium clade
 * Genus: †Alienetherium (Lange-Badré, 1981)
 * †Alienetherium buxwilleri (Lange-Badré, 1981)
 * Genus: †Cartierodon (Solé & Mennecart, 2019)
 * †Cartierodon egerkingensis (Solé & Mennecart, 2019)
 * Genus: †Eurotherium (paraphyletic genus) (Polly & Lange-Badré, 1993)
 * †Eurotherium mapplethorpei (Solé, 2021)
 * †Eurotherium matthesi (Lange-Badré & Haubold, 1990)
 * †Eurotherium theriodis (Van Valen, 1965)
 * Genus: †Paenoxyaenoides (Lange-Badre, 1979)
 * †Paenoxyaenoides liguritor (Lange-Badre, 1979)
 * Genus: †Prodissopsalis (Matthes, 1950)
 * †Prodissopsalis eocaenicus (Matthes, 1952)
 * †Prodissopsalis jimenezi (Salesa, 2023)
 * (unranked): †Leonhardtina clade
 * Genus: †Leonhardtina (Matthes, 1952)
 * †Leonhardtina godinoti (Solé, 2014)
 * †Leonhardtina gracilis (Matthes, 1952)
 * †Leonhardtina meridianum (Solé, 2020)
 * (unranked): †Matthodon clade
 * Genus: †Matthodon (Lange-Badré & Haubold, 1990)
 * †Matthodon menui (Rich, 1971)
 * †Matthodon peignei (Solé, 2020)
 * †Matthodon tritens (Lange-Badré & Haubold, 1990)
 * (unranked): †Oxyaenoides clade
 * Subfamily: †Oxyaenoidinae (Lavrov, 1999) (syn. Francotheriini (Lavrov, 1999))
 * Genus: †Oxyaenoides (Matthes, 1967)
 * †Oxyaenoides aumelasiensis (Solé, 2020)
 * †Oxyaenoides bicuspidens (Matthes, 1967)
 * †Oxyaenoides lindgreni (Rich, 1971)
 * †Oxyaenoides schlosseri (Rütimeyer, 1891)
 * Subfamily: †Hyaenodontinae (Trouessart, 1885)
 * Genus: †Consobrinus (Lange-Badre, 1979)
 * †Consobrinus quercy (Lange-Badre, 1979)
 * Genus: †Propterodon (paraphyletic genus) (Martin, 1906)
 * †Propterodon morrisi (Matthew & Granger, 1924)
 * †Propterodon paganensis (de Bonis, 2018)
 * †Propterodon tongi (Liu & Huang, 2002)
 * †Propterodon witteri (Zack, 2019)
 * Tribe: †Hyaenodontini (Leidy, 1869)
 * Genus: †Hyaenodon (Laizer & Parieu, 1838)
 * †Hyaenodon brachyrhynchus (Blainville, 1841)
 * †Hyaenodon chunkhtensis (Dashzeveg, 1985)
 * †Hyaenodon dubius (Filhol, 1873)
 * †Hyaenodon eminus (Matthew & Granger, 1925)
 * †Hyaenodon exiguus (Gervais, 1873)
 * †Hyaenodon filholi (Schlosser, 1887)
 * †Hyaenodon gervaisi (Martin, 1906)
 * †Hyaenodon heberti (Filhol, 1876)
 * †Hyaenodon leptorhynchus (Laizer & Parieu, 1838)
 * †Hyaenodon minor (Lange-Badré, 1979)
 * †Hyaenodon pervagus (Matthew & Granger, 1924)
 * †Hyaenodon pumilus (Lavrov, 1999)
 * †Hyaenodon requieni (Gervais, 1846)
 * †Hyaenodon rossignoli (Lange-Badré, 1979)
 * †Hyaenodon weilini (Wang, 2005)
 * †Hyaenodon yuanchuensis (Young, 1937)
 * Subgenus: †Neohyaenodon (paraphyletic subgenus) (Thorpe, 1922)
 * †Hyaenodon gigas (Dashzeveg, 1985)
 * †Hyaenodon horridus (Leidy, 1853)
 * †Hyaenodon incertus (Dashzeveg, 1985)
 * †Hyaenodon macrocephalus (Lavrov, 1999)
 * †Hyaenodon megaloides (Mellett, 1977)
 * †Hyaenodon milvinus (Lavrov, 1999)
 * †Hyaenodon mongoliensis (Dashzeveg, 1964)
 * †Hyaenodon montanus (Douglass, 1902)
 * †Hyaenodon vetus (Stock, 1933)
 * Subgenus: †Protohyaenodon (paraphyletic subgenus) (Stock, 1933)
 * †Hyaenodon brevirostrus (Macdonald, 1970)
 * †Hyaenodon crucians (Leidy, 1853)
 * †Hyaenodon microdon (Mellett, 1977)
 * †Hyaenodon mustelinus (Scott, 1894)
 * †Hyaenodon raineyi (Gustafson, 1986)
 * †Hyaenodon venturae (Mellett, 1977)

title: Hyaenodontidae


text: User talk:82.93.27.76

title: User talk:82.93.27.76


text:
Eddie Levert

Edward Willis Levert (born June 16, 1942) is an American singer, best known as the lead vocalist of The O'Jays. He is the father of Gerald Levert (1966–2006) and Sean Levert (1968–2008).

Biography
Levert was born in Bessemer, Alabama, but was raised in Canton, Ohio, where he moved at the age of six. He attended church regularly and eventually joined the church choir. As Levert continued singing into his teenage years, he became a recognized voice in the church choir, sang in school plays and performed regularly on a gospel radio show.

While at high school, he teamed up with classmates Walter Williams, William Powell, Bobby Massey and Bill Isles to form a group called the Triumphs. The Triumphs played locally in Canton opening for different acts, playing 'sock hops'. They traveled to Cincinnati to canvas King Records whose President Sid Nathan changed their name to The Mascots and signed them to his label. The Mascots' popularity grew as their music was broadcast on Cleveland radio stations.

In 1969, The O'Jays signed with Philadelphia International Records where they began to release records under the new label. The O'Jays later signed with EMI-Manhattan Records and Levert and Williams began co-writing and producing their own tracks. Their EMI debut album, "Let Me Touch You", went to number three R&B and included "Lovin' You", which became a number-one R&B hit in the summer of 1987.

In 1984, Levert's two sons Gerald and Sean, both still in high school, announced that they wanted to follow their father's musical background. They met Marc Gordon recording under the group name LeVert – four of their seven albums went platinum. In 1992 Eddie and son Gerald recorded "Baby Hold On to Me" which was a No. 1 R&B hit and reached No. 37 Pop on the charts.

In 2006, upon returning from a South African tour with sons Gerald and Sean, Eddie's son Gerald died due to interactions between his prescribed medications. In 2007, Eddie and son Gerald's album recorded in 2006, "Something to Talk About" was released followed by the publication of the book "I Got Your Back" co-authored by Eddie and son Gerald. In 2008, Eddie's son Sean died as a result of being denied needed prescription medication by government officials in Ohio. Later in 2008, Eddie and his late son Gerald were presented with "Best Duo or Group" Image Award. In 2009, The O'Jays were awarded BET's 'Lifetime Achievement Award' and Eddie Levert was awarded the "Heroes and Legends Pacesetter Award". On January 29, 2011, The O'Jays received the "Trumpet Lifetime Achievement Award". Throughout Eddie Levert's career, The O'Jays have released ten Gold Albums, with nine eventually going Platinum and ten No. 1 hits.

Levert is still performing and touring with The O'Jays well as performing as a solo artist.

title: Eddie Levert


text:
Saint Walstan

Walston (recorded as Walstan in some sources) was an Anglo-Saxon prince, known for the miracles which occurred during and after his life after he became a farm worker. He is a patron saint of farm animals and agricultural workers, who once visited his shrine at the church at Bawburgh, in the English county of Norfolk. Two sources for his life exist: the De Sancto Walstano Confessore in the Nova Legenda Angliæ, printed by Wynkyn de Worde in 1516, and known as the English Life; and a later Latin manuscript copied in 1658 from a now lost medieval triptych, now in the Lambeth Palace library in London.

Walstan is associated with Norfolk, but the Latin Life gives his birthplace as Blythburgh in Suffolk and not Bawburgh, as stated in the English Life. Described as the son of Benedict and Blida, he is said to have "received a pious education". At the age of 12 he determined to devote his life to one of prayer, and became a farm worker for a man at Taverham, near Norwich. After being told of his forthcoming death, he made his confession, stopped working and instructed that his two bulls were to pull his body in a cart wherever God willed. After his death on 30 May 1016, his hearse left Taverham and passed through Costessey before reaching Bawburgh, where he was buried; along the route springs miraculously appeared. A small chapel dedicated to Walstan was built at Bawburgh.

He is represented by a crown and sceptre with a scythe in his hand and cattle near him. St Walstan's Day is still celebrated each year in Bawburgh, when a special service takes place on the nearest Sunday to 30 May, his day in the calendar of saints.

Hagiographical and medieval sources
Walstan is supposed to have been born in 975. He is associated with the English county of Norfolk, but uncertainty surrounds his actual identity and any details of his life. Information that he existed comes from two sources, the earliest of which is De Sancto Walstano Confessore in the Nova Legenda Angliæ, written by the English historian John Capgrave, and known as the Latin Life. Capgrave's Nova Legenda Angliæ was printed by Wynkyne de Worde in 1516; Walstan was included as one of 15 new saints in a compilation that did not form part of the main text. The source for de Worde's information is unknown.

Walstan's story was also described in a manuscript now known as the Lambeth Life (or English Life), which was copied on 29 September 1658 by a scribe from a now lost medieval triptych from Bawburgh church in Norfolk. Now part of manuscript Lambeth MSS 935 at Lambeth Palace library in London, it is recorded as 'The History of St. Walston taken out of an ancient parchment MS, enclosed in a case of 3 pieces of Wainscott about a yard long each of ym', with a drawing of the case. The triptych was owned by a man named Clarke, a Norfolk recusant, who claimed it once came from Bawburgh.

The two Lives were written for two different audiences; the Latin Life was intended for monastic readership, and the later English Life was meant to be read by lay readers, as indicated when stresses the need to commit to working hard for a master.

Despite being declared a saint prior to the Norman conquest of England, no images of Walstan or versions of his life are known to have existed before the Latin Life was written centuries later. The Domesday Book, completed in 1086, provides details of Bawburgh, the site of Walstan's shrine during the Middle Ages, but does not state that the church there was important in any way. According to the historian Tim Pestell, the discovery in 2002 of a lead plaque near to the church—possibly a kind of burial inscription—raises the possibility that "devotion to Walstan had already taken hold at Bawburgh by the time of the Norman conquest".

Walstan has been compared with Godric of Finchale, a Norfolk man who was known for his kindness towards animals.

Legend
Walstan was born in the vill of Bawburgh. Descended from royalty, his parents were named as being Benedict and Blithe (or Blida) of Martham, a kinswoman of the English king Æthelred the Unready and his son Edmund Ironside. As a boy he "received a pious education", showed great devotion to God and was full of divine grace. At the age of 12 he renounced his life of privilege and with his parents' permission determined to devote his life to one of prayer, although not as a monk.

Walstan became a serf and worked as a farm hand for a man at Taverham. He distributed his belongings amongst the needy and gave away his shoes to a poor man. This act of kindness was witnessed by his master's wife, who then cruelly ordered him to load prickly plants onto a cart. Walstan was miraculously saved from injuring his feet, whereby the woman begged his forgiveness. His master then declared he wished him to be his heir, an offer rejected by Walstan, who instead accepted a gift of a pregnant cow. The animal delivered two calves, which Walstan then cared for, not knowing that one day they would transport his body to where he was to be buried.

One Friday, when he was scything in a field, an angel appeared, saying, "Brother Walstan, on the third day from today you will enter paradise." Walstan then went to make his confession to a priest. The following day he stopped working and on the Monday he instructed his master and others around him that his two bulls were to pull his hearse wherever God ordained. He died that day, on 30 May 1016, and those present witnessed a white dove flying from his mouth to heaven. His hearse left Taverham and passed through Costessey, where the bulls pulled the cart over a deep pool without sinking, and a spring appeared. Near Bawburgh, another spring was made which was later found to have the power to cure the infirm. Walstan was placed inside the church at Bawburgh with the bishop and his monks in attendance. In the following years, people came for themselves and their animals to be cured.

The anonymous English Life gives Walstan's birthplace as "Blyborow town" or Blythburgh, Suffolk, and relates that he was the son of a king; as a young prince he might suddenly return home, which would have threatened the contract established between himself and the farmer in Taverham. The Life contains 11 miracles that occurred from the 14th century onwards, including the miracle of the thorns and the vision of the angel, both also described in the Latin Life.

Legacy and veneration
A small chapel was built off the existing church dedicated to Mary, which was given a new dedication of Mary and Walstan. He is venerated as a saint of farms and farm workers, and his shrine and the wells associated with him were visited by local farmers and farm laborers throughout the Middle Ages. In 1309 the revenues generated at Bawburgh by pilgrims could provide an income for six priests and the church vicar, in addition to providing the finances needed to rebuild the chancel. In later decades the shrine became ruinous; it was rebuilt in the 15th century. After the Dissolution of the Monasteries, the church once again fell into disrepair. During the 19th century, the village church regained its prosperity when miracles were associated with the water obtained from the well. In 1913 the Eastern Daily Press named it the "Lourdes of Norfolk". The well at Bawburgh can still be seen.

At Costessey, the second place where Walstan's hearse rested, the well there had dried up by 1750. In April 1978 it was recorded as being a deep circular pit about 4 m across, with lumps of flint wall at the base, and filled with fallen trees. By January 2015 the depression was still visible, and a plan was proposed to fence off the site of the well and place a plaque there. The site of the well, now located on the grounds of a golf course, has been marked with a sign.

Walstan is represented in religious art by a crown and sceptre (his generic emblems)—at least five figures from medieval rood screens depict him in this way—and with a scythe in his hand and cattle near him (his specific emblems). Churches dedicated to Walstan dating from before the English Reformation are found in Norfolk. Uniquely outside England, a church in Rongai, Kenya, is dedicated to Walstan.

The historian Kellie Robertson has said that during the Middle Ages, Walstan was a "good example of a localized cult exemplifying the vibrancy of lay popular piety" and "an exemplar of filial love, charity, devotion to work, and obedience to the Church. His absence from medieval liturgical calendars is thought to be a reflection of the local nature of the cult that appeared after his death. Robertson connects Walstan's popularity in the mid 15th century with the popular unrest in East Anglia during this period, caused by restrictive laws on agricultural workers in the aftermath of the Black Death that swept across the country in 1349. That he only appears as a saint in the 16th century—and in a revision of an earlier version of Sanctilogium angliae—implies he was relatively unimportant at the time it was first compiled, and his cult revived in the mid 15th century.

St Walstan's Day is celebrated each year in Bawburgh, when a special Patronal Service takes place on the nearest Sunday to 30 May, his feast date. St. Walstan's Day occurred on 28 December in some 17th and 18th century saints' calendars.

title: Saint Walstan


text:
Talk:Oberst

Plural of Oberst
Hi, wouldn't it make sense to use the German plural of Oberst, Oberste, rather than the English version Obersts? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 88.65.38.161 (talk) 22:56, 10 August 2009 (UTC)

American perceptions
Why is there an entire paragraph of this article devoted to American perceptions and stereotyping from cinema? That paragraph should be deleted - POV issue. --Erskine — Preceding unsigned comment added by 208.63.63.94 (talk) 15:02, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I dont think its POV to state an image which is portrayed in American cinema. The paragraph even cites a reference, that being Colonel Klink. -Husnock 17:23, 7 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree, "Herr Oberst" has become a stock character in American cinema and TV, much like the Roman miles gloriosus and it is worth noting here. --Joe 18:40, 17 February 2006 (UTC)

Democracy
Hi, responding to your comment regarding the reversions on the Democracy entry: I would be happy to collaborate on a concensus version. As I have repeatedly tried to explain to Ultramarine (see the talk page of Democracy) "my" version of that entry attempts to make a clear, objective and uncontroversial definition. I have also recently tried to cut that entry to a reasonable size by deleting sections that were simply duplicating existing entries. Ultramarine seems to be policing some rigid ideological line - see for example his actions over at Freedom House. Best, --Drono 02:11, 25 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Drono-
 * What the heck are you talking about? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.152.95.130 (talk) 19:59, 26 September 2006 (UTC)

Redirecting
I restored the article form its redirect as I dont understand why this was done. The German equivalent is almost a separate rank from Colonel as this article has enourmous potential when/if sources are added. There was also no discussion on the redirect, it appears to have been done under the perception that oberst means Colonel, therefore it should be directed. However, in doing so, this wiped out a lot of work and material added by others. -OberRanks (talk) 21:41, 8 November 2008 (UTC)

"Oberst" in other countries
In The Netherlands, a Lt. Colonel is adressed as "overste", which literally translates to German as "Oberst". 82.176.202.53 (talk) 11:27, 23 October 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Oberst


text: File:Wrong Way Corrigan.jpg

title: File:Wrong Way Corrigan.jpg