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Black-tailed tityra

The black-tailed tityra (Tityra cayana) is a medium-sized passerine bird of tropical South America. The tityras have been placed in the cotinga or the tyrant flycatcher families (Cotingidae and Tyrannidae) by various authors. But the weight of evidence strongly suggest they and their closest relatives are better separated as Tityridae; the AOU for example advocates this separation.

Taxonomy
In 1760, the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson included a description of the black-tailed tityra in his Ornithologie based on a specimen collected in Cayenne in French Guiana. He used the French name La pie-griesche gris de Cayenne and the Latin name Lanius Cayanensis cinereus. Although Brisson coined Latin names, these do not conform to the binomial system and are not recognised by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. When Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus updated his Systema Naturae for the twelfth edition in 1766, he added 240 species that had been previously described by Brisson. One of these was the black-tailed tityra. Linnaeus included a brief description, coined the binomial name Lanius cayanus and cited Brisson's work. The species is now placed in the genus Tityra, which was introduced by the French ornithologist Louis Pierre Vieillot in 1816.

Two subspecies are recognized; they are sometimes treated as distinct species but widely intergrade where their ranges meet:
 * T. c. cayana (Linnaeus, 1766) – Northern South America east of the Andes, from Trinidad across the Amazonas basin to Piauí and Mato Grosso (Brazil) and adjacent Bolivia.
 * Red bill base wide. Male greyish on back. Female with distinct brownish cap and little streaking on breast and back; throat white.

 * T. c. braziliensis (Swainson, 1838) – Piauí, Mato Grosso and adjacent Bolivia southeastwards to Misiones and possibly Corrientes Province (Argentina)
 * Red bill base narrow. Male white on back. Female lacks distinct cap, streaked strongly on entire head, neck, back and underside.

Description
This is a robust, short-tailed bird with a long, hook-tipped bill; like other tityras, it has a peculiar vestigial ninth primary feather. The adult black-tailed tityra is 20 - 22 cm long and weighs 60 - 70 g. The male is dull white above and white below. The rectrices, the primary and secondary remiges and a cap extending to below the eyes are black; the tertiary remiges are silvery grey. Females have dark brown rather than black on wings and tail and some brown pattern on head, back and underside. In both sexes, there is a patch of rosy-red bare skin around the eye, extending to the bill which is red-based with a black tip. The iris and feet are dark. The juvenile plumage is unknown.

Voice
This species has a buzzing short call rendered as ed, rek, urd or wenk. A double beeza-buzza and triple weenk, weenk, weenk are also given. It more frequently calls in flight than when perched.

Distribution and habitat
This bird is found as a year-round resident in forest edges, second growth and plantation shade trees in the pantanal and cerrado as well as in terra firme and várzea forest, usually below 500 m but occasionally as far up as 1100 m ASL.

Behaviour
Black-tailed tityras are most commonly seen in pairs, or, less frequently, single or in small groups; they are intolerant of other birds and will try to chase them away. They are often seen perched conspicuously as they feed on medium-sized fruits. Food is gleaned from vegetation or picked off in mid-hover. While some large insects are caught, these are mainly fed to young birds; adults are predominantly frugivores and locally important dispersers of such species as the Meliaceae Cabralea canjerana. This species rarely attends mixed-species feeding flocks even when provisioning young, preferring to forage for insects on its own high up in the trees.

Its main breeding season appears to be from November to March across its range, but occasional nesting birds can be encountered almost year-round at least in some regions. For example, in the lowlands of Colombia and Ecuador, breeding activity has been reported in June and July also, suggesting either lack of a distinct breeding season and/or that two broods may be raised per year. The nest is several meters above ground in a tree hole, such as an old woodpecker nest or the crown of a dead palm tree. The brown-marked buff eggs are laid in a bed of dry leaves and some small twigs. Three eggs are considered likely, but exact clutch size is uncertain. Only the female incubates for almost three weeks until the young hatch, but both parents feed the chicks. Fledging is believed to take at least 3 weeks, perhaps as much as one month.

This species is one of the many hosts of the brood parasitic shiny cowbird (Molothrus bonariensis). It is not uncommon across its large range and occurs in many national parks and other protected areas. Therefore, it is considered a species of least concern by the IUCN.

title: Black-tailed tityra


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Talk:Ebirah, Horror of the Deep

Illegality of Film Ventures distribution
An anonymous user just added some "trivia" claiming that Film Ventures International's repackaging and distribution of this film was illegal. Do we have a source for this, or is this just someone's suspicion? ~ Jeff Q (talk) 05:53, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

I am unsure, but I do not believe that Film Ventures International's version was illegal; they usually acquired distribution rights to versions of films that had lapsed into the public domain. The U.S. television version had perhaps lapsed and Film Ventures acquired it. The version would probably be illegal today, but was not so at the time. I have removed the term 'illegal' from the trivia for the time-being until this information can be verified. Altayr 03:58, 21 October 2005 (PST)

Official title
Honestly, how dumb are you people? The official title is EBIRAH, HORROR OF THE DEEP. That is where the real article should be, and that is what is linked to from the Godzilla (film series) page. This page should technically redirect to the EBIRAH, HORROR OF THE DEEP page, but I guess we can just keep it up as a duplicate for you simpletons who apparently prefer it this way. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 24.23.126.230 (talk • contribs) 06:50, 6 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Please review Civility and other useful topics like Sign your posts on talk pages before complaining about articles or their titles. Please also read Citing sources and Verifiability for information on how Wikipedia determines these matters. Neither your personal opinion nor mine are relevant. ~ Jeff Q (talk) 00:38, 7 November 2006 (UTC)

 * DUDE, SHUT THE HELL UP. I swear to God, people like you have NO place editing these pages. You want evidence? If you were intelligent enough to check the GODZILLA FILM SERIES page, you'd see that all of Toho's official titles are listed, and it is EBIRAH, HORROR OF THE DEEP, not GODZILLA VS. THE SEA MONSTER. You want more evidence? Go buy the fucking Godzilla Compendium. Or check the copyright records at the Library of Congress. Seriously, you know nothing, so go edit a page on checkers or Go Fish or something that your brain is capable of handling.

—The preceding unsigned comment was added by 24.23.126.230 (talk • contribs) 19:18, 7 November 2006 (UTC)

 * I see no links, no ISBNs, no UPCs, no specific Library of Congress data, nothing that constitutes a reliable source in the above diatribe. The closest this person seems to come to a legitimate, practical point is mentioning "the GODZILLA FILM SERIES". If by this he means Godzilla (film series) (that's what we Wikipedians call a useful link), he should note that Wikipedia articles are not reliable sources, because anyone can edit them at any time, as this editor did himself just before referring to it. (See Reliable sources for more information.) It's the sources that back up articles that make the information useful, and it is this he refuses to provide, preferring instead to deliver apoplectic insults. I see no reason to pursue complaints from someone whose talk page demonstrates an desire to rant rather than research, to vandalize rather than verify. If someone wishes to provide specific, reasonably verifiable information, however, it should of course be considered. ~ Jeff Q (talk) 01:47, 8 November 2006 (UTC)

It is indeed Ebirah Horror of The Deep, my friend has the VHS cover, it is Ebirah Horror of The Deep. Stopchanging it to your title that you are under the belief it is called that. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by DaxterKing (talk • contribs) 02:30, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Two points, DaxterKing. First, please sign your talk-page posts with four tildes ( ~ ), so that readers know who is commenting and when. Second, all of the titles given in these articles are valid; the question is what title Wikipedia should use as its primary one. There is a substantial amount of research on this topic at Talk:Ebirah, Horror of the Deep. Please read this before making further arguments. Thank you for your attention. ~ Jeff Q (talk) 09:31, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

 * FYI, I recently posted all the information from The Official Godzilla Compendium that is relevant to this film's title to the discussion at Talk:Ebirah, Horror of the Deep. In short, Compendium insists on the Ebirah title, as 24.23.126.230 and DaxterKing argue. There is still plenty of reason to support Sea Monster per Wikipedia policy, as described in that discussion, but at least the Ebirah argument has some cited evidence rather than just angry invective now. I invite editors to review this new information for further title change consideration. ~ Jeff Q (talk) 13:54, 24 January 2007 (UTC)

Do not copy and paste
I have posted a notice at Talk:Ebirah, Horror of the Deep about repeated attempts to copy this article to Ebirah, Horror of the Deep. I advise anyone interested in this title controversy to look in on this discussion. ~ Jeff Q (talk) 15:35, 10 August 2007 (UTC)

GUYS, GUYS! CALM DOWN!
I wish people these days would just settle incidents like this with Wikipedia's Conflict Resolution. Jayemd (talk) 13:18, 27 July 2012 (UTC) (Now do you guys feel better?)

Release country in the infobox
I do not think we should be removing the release country in the infobox. I know WP:FILMRELEASE states to include the earliest release in the country. However, this is not obvious for the majority of readers. I do not think it hurts to note that this the Japanese release date. As several of the japanese science fiction artiles are a mess on wikipedia, we might as well try to make things as clear as possible when we can. Andrzejbanas (talk) 12:18, 18 July 2017 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Ebirah, Horror of the Deep


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User talk:Shivan Bird

Welcome, from Journalist
Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
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The LLN
I like what you did to the LLN. It was a good call. I've added a few things since your edit. Aastrup 11:44, 25 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Thanks, glad you liked it. Shivan Bird 15:35, 26 July 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Shivan Bird


text:
User:TonyJoe/sandbox

Harry Potter is the name of a very popular series of fantasy novels by British writer J. K. Rowling. The books depict a world of witches and wizards, the protagonist being the eponymous young wizard, Harry Potter. Since the release of the first novel, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (retitled Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone in the United States) in 1997, the series has faced criticism on the grounds of its literary merit, challenges to its authenticity, and allegations of corrupting the young. Despite this, the series has succeeded in gaining immense popularity and commercial success worldwide and across age demographics, spawning in addition to its original medium, books, films, video games, and a wealth of other items.

Along with its clear elements of fantasy, Harry Potter is also in the words of Stephen King a "shrewd mystery tale." Most of the narrative takes place in Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, focusing on Harry Potter’s journey toward manhood over the course of his education, interactions, journeys, and adventures. Through the course of these, the books also explore themes of friendship, ambition, choice, prejudice, and love against the backdrop of the expansive magical world with its long and complex history, diverse inhabitants, unique culture, and parallel society.

As of 2006, six of the seven planned books have been published, while the publishing date of the seventh remains uncertain. The latest, Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, was issued in its English language version on 16 July 2005. The first four books have been made into very successful films, and the fifth began filming in February 2006. English language versions of the books are published by Bloomsbury, Scholastic Press, and Raincoast Books.

title: User:TonyJoe/sandbox


text:
Come Organisation

Come Organisation was a record label started by William Bennett in 1979 as a way to release albums by his own band, Come, when he was unable to find a label willing to release them. It released the work of Bennett's subsequent band, Whitehouse.

The label's first release was the Come single "Come Sunday/Shaved Slits" in 1979. When Bennett dissolved Come in 1980 to form Whitehouse, Come Organisation continued to release his work, serving as the label for all of Whitehouse's albums from its inception through 1985's Great White Death. In addition, Bennett began to release albums by other controversial or extreme groups, including Sutcliffe Jugend, Maurizio Bianchi, Nurse With Wound and even Charles Manson.

When Whitehouse went on hiatus at the end of 1985, Come Organisation was dissolved. Bennett again created a label for his releases in 1988, but called it Susan Lawly rather than reviving Come Organisation.

Catalog

 * Charles Manson
 * Come
 * Dennis Andrew Nilsen
 * Ed Kemper
 * Leibstandarte SS MB
 * Leni Riefenstahl
 * Nurse With Wound
 * Recitifier
 * Sutcliffe Jugend
 * Ted Bundy
 * The New Order
 * Whitehouse

title: Come Organisation


text: User talk:203.101.232.201

title: User talk:203.101.232.201


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XML Encryption

XML Encryption, also known as XML-Enc, is a specification, governed by a W3C recommendation, that defines how to encrypt the contents of an XML element.

Although XML Encryption can be used to encrypt any kind of data, it is nonetheless known as "XML Encryption" because an XML element (either an  or   element) contains or refers to the cipher text, keying information, and algorithms.

Both XML Signature and XML Encryption use the  element, which appears as the child of a ,  , or   element and provides information to a recipient about what keying material to use in validating a signature or decrypting encrypted data.

The  element is optional: it can be attached in the message, or be delivered through a secure channel.

XML Encryption is different from and unrelated to Transport Layer Security, which is used to send encrypted messages (including xml content, both encrypted and otherwise) over the internet.

It has been reported that this specification has severe security concerns.

title: XML Encryption


text: File:KajwaKaram-NaghbetHobCover.JPG

title: File:KajwaKaram-NaghbetHobCover.JPG


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Louis Zamperini

Louis Silvie Zamperini (January 26, 1917 – July 2, 2014) was an American World War II veteran, an Olympic distance runner and a Christian Evangelist. He took up running in high school and qualified for the United States in the 5,000 m race for the 1936 Berlin Olympics, finishing 8th while setting a new lap record in the process.

Zamperini was commissioned in the United States Army Air Forces as a lieutenant. He served as a bombardier on B-24 Liberators in the Pacific. On a search and rescue mission, his plane experienced mechanical difficulties and crashed into the ocean. After drifting at sea on a life raft for 47 days, with two other crewmates, Zamperini landed on the then Japanese Marshall Islands and was captured.

He was taken to a total of four different prisoner-of-war camps in Japan, where he was tortured and beaten by Japanese military personnel—specifically including Mutsuhiro Watanabe—because of Zamperini's status as a famous Olympic runner. He was later taken to a new prison camp at a coal factory, and after much hardship, he was finally released. Following the war he initially struggled to overcome his ordeal, afflicted with post-traumatic stress disorder and alcoholism.

He later became a Christian evangelist with a strong belief in forgiveness. From 1952 onwards, he devoted himself to at-risk youth. Zamperini is the subject of three biographical films: Unbroken (2014), its sequel Unbroken: Path to Redemption (2018), and Captured by Grace (2015).

Early life
Louis Zamperini was born on January 26, 1917, in Olean, New York, to Anthony Zamperini and Louise Dossi, both native to Verona in northern Italy. He had an older brother named Pete and two younger sisters, Virginia and Sylvia. He was raised in a strict, devout Catholic household. Regardless, he took up smoking and drinking at a very young age. He struggled with bullies and supposedly almost died twice, once due to a house fire, and another from having fallen into an oil rig, almost drowning. In later childhood, his brother Pete was highly supportive of him and encouraged him to start his running career.

Childhood
The Zamperini family moved from Olean, New York to Long Beach, California when Louis Zamperini was two years old. In 1919, the family moved to nearby Torrance where Louis attended Torrance High School. He and his family spoke no English when they moved to California, making him a target for bullies because of his Italian roots. His father taught him how to box in self-defense. Soon he claimed to be "beating the tar out of every one of them; but I was so good at it that I started relishing the idea of getting even. I was sort of addicted to it."

High school
In order to stop this young rebel from getting himself into trouble, his older brother Pete got Zamperini involved in the school track team, where Pete was already a star. Before then, in the ninth grade, Zamperini's classmates challenged him to a footrace. Louis came in last, and was humiliated. Pete took Louis on several training runs. Zamperini began winning races, and he was becoming much faster. After Louis found his role model, Glenn Cunningham, he took up distance running. At the end of his freshman year, he finished fifth in the All City C-division 660 yard dash. "It was the recognition, nobody in school, except for a few of my buddies, knew my name before I started running. Then, as I started winning races, other kids called me by name. Pete told me I had to quit drinking and smoking if I wanted to do well, and that I had to run, run, run. I decided that summer to go all-out; overnight I became fanatical. I wouldn't even have a milkshake."

After a summer of running in 1932, starting with his first cross-country race, and throughout the last three years of high school, he was undefeated. He started beating his brother's records. In 1934, he set an interscholastic record for the mile, clocking in at 4 minutes, 21.2 seconds at the preliminary meeting to the California state championships. The following week, he won the CIF California State Meet championships with a time of 4 minutes and 27.8 seconds. That record helped him win a scholarship to the University of Southern California. During his college life at USC, he was part of the Delta Eta chapter of the Kappa Sigma fraternity.

In 1936, Zamperini decided to try out for the Olympics. In those days, athletes had to pay their way to the Olympic trials, but since his father worked for the railroad, Louis could get a train ticket free of charge. A group of Torrance merchants raised enough money for the local hero to live on once he got there. The competition for the 1,500 meters spot was fierce that year, with eventual silver medalist Glenn Cunningham, Archie San Romani, and Gene Venzke all challenging to get on the team.

Zamperini did not compete in the 1,500 meters; instead, he ran the 5,000 meters. On one of the hottest days of the year during the 1936 North American heat wave in Randalls Island, New York, the race saw co-favorite Norm Bright and several others collapse during the race. It was reported that 40 people died from the heat in Manhattan alone that week. With a sprint finish at the end, Zamperini finished in a dead-heat tie against American record-holder Don Lash and qualified for the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, Germany. Having qualified at age 19 years, 178 days, he remains the youngest American 5,000 meters qualifier.

Olympics
Neither Zamperini nor Lash was believed to have much chance of winning the 1936 Olympics 5,000-meter race against world record holder Lauri Lehtinen. Zamperini later related several anecdotes from his Olympic experience, including gorging himself on the boat trip to Europe: "I was a Depression-era kid who had never even been to a drugstore for a sandwich in his life," he said, "and all the food was free. I had not just one sweet roll, but about seven every morning, with bacon and eggs. My eyes were like saucers." By the end of the trip, Louis Zamperini, in common with most athletes on the ship, had gained a good deal of weight: in Zamperini's case, 12 lb. While the weight gain was not advantageous for his running, it was necessary for his health, as he had lost 15 lb while training in the summer heat in New York for the Olympic Trials.

Zamperini finished 8th in the 5,000-meter distance event at that Olympics, in the time of 14 minutes 46.8 seconds, behind Finland's Gunnar Höckert's Olympic record time of 14 minutes 22.2 seconds (world record holder Lehtinen was second, and Zamperini's teammate, Lash, 13th). However, his final lap of 56 seconds was fast enough to catch the attention of Adolf Hitler, who afterwards had Zamperini come to his stand, where as Zamperini told the story, Hitler shook his hand, and said, "Ah, you're the boy with the fast finish."

Collegiate career
After the Olympics, Zamperini enrolled as a student at the University of Southern California. At USC, he was a member of the Kappa Sigma Fraternity (Delta-Eta Chapter). In 1938, Zamperini set a national collegiate mile (1609 meters) record of 4 minutes 8.3 seconds, despite severe cuts to his shins from competitors attempting to spike him during the race; this record lasted for fifteen years, earning him the nickname "Torrance Tornado."

World War II service
Zamperini enlisted in the United States Army Air Force in September 1941 and earned a commission as a second lieutenant. He was posted to the Pacific island of Funafuti as a bombardier on the Consolidated B-24 Liberator bomber Super Man.

In April 1943, Super Man participated in a bombing mission against the Japanese-held island of Nauru, with Zamperini serving as bombardier. Following the successful raid, his craft was attacked by three Japanese Zeros and the bomber was severely damaged. Five of the crew were wounded, one of whom died. The May 4 New York Times credited Zamperini with administering first aid to the five wounded members of his Liberator bomber crew and saving the lives of two on the return flight from the April 21 Nauru raid. "Ground crewmen counted 594 bullet and shell fragment holes in the fuselage and tail structure of the big four-engine bomber after it had skidded to a stop with a flat tire."

Lost during search mission
With Super Man no longer airworthy, the healthy crew members were transferred to Hawaii for reassignment. Zamperini, along with some other former Super Man crewmates, was assigned to conduct a search for a lost aircraft and crew. They were given another B-24, Green Hornet, notorious among the pilots as a defective "lemon." (Aircraft records show several B-24s with the name: "Green Hornet" and "The Green Hornet"; in this case the name was verified from Zamperini's diary before the mission.) In May 1943, before his last mission, Louis ran a mile in under 4 minutes, 12 seconds. This is an immense achievement, considering he was running in sand.

On 27 May 1943, while on the search, mechanical difficulties caused the bomber to crash into the ocean 850 mi south of Oahu, killing eight of the 11 men aboard.

The three survivors were Zamperini, pilot Russell Allen Phillips and Francis McNamara; with little food and no water, they subsisted on rainwater, small fish eaten raw, and birds that landed on their raft. McNamara used an oar to defend the survivors from a shark attack. They attempted to gain the attention of a search plane, but failed. With the few tools they were able to salvage from the crash, the men were able to manage on two small rafts that got released. They caught two albatrosses, one of which they ate, and used pieces as bait to catch fish, all while fending off constant shark attacks and nearly being capsized by a storm. They were strafed a number of times by a Japanese bomber, which punctured their life raft, but no one was hit. After 33 days at sea, McNamara died; Zamperini and Phillips wrapped up his body and pushed it overboard.

Prisoner of war
On their 47th day adrift, with little food or water, Zamperini and Phillips reached the Marshall Islands and were immediately taken prisoner by the Japanese Navy. They were held in captivity, severely beaten, and mistreated until the end of the war in August 1945. Initially held at Kwajalein Atoll, after 42 days they were transferred to the Japanese prisoner-of-war camp at Ōfuna, for captives who were not registered as prisoners of war (POWs). After slightly over a year in Ofuna, Zamperini was transferred to Tokyo's Ōmori POW camp, and was eventually transferred to the Naoetsu POW camp in northern Japan, where he remained until the war ended. While at Omori and Naoetsu, he was tormented by prison guard Mutsuhiro "The Bird" Watanabe, who was later included in General Douglas MacArthur's list of the forty most wanted war criminals in Japan.

Zamperini was held at the same camp as then-Major Greg "Pappy" Boyington, and in his book, Baa Baa Black Sheep, Boyington describes the Italian recipes Zamperini wrote to keep the prisoners' minds off the food and conditions.

Post-war life
Never being registered as a prisoner of war, Zamperini had at first been declared missing in action, then, a year and a day after the date of his disappearance, his status was changed to killed in action. When he eventually returned home, he received a hero's welcome.

Zamperini and Cynthia Applewhite were married in 1946, until her death in 2001; they had two children, Cissy and Luke.

Evangelism
In a televised interview on the Christian Broadcasting Network in 2003, Zamperini related that after the war, he had nightmares about strangling his former captors and began drinking heavily, trying to forget his experiences as a POW. His wife Cynthia attended one of the evangelistic crusades led by Billy Graham in Los Angeles, and became a born-again Christian. In 1949, at the encouragement of his wife and her Christian friends, Zamperini reluctantly agreed to attend a crusade. Graham's preaching reminded him of his prayers during his time on the life raft and imprisonment, and Zamperini committed his life to Christ. Following this, he forgave his captors, and his nightmares ceased.

Later Graham helped Zamperini launch a new career as a Christian evangelist. One of his recurring themes was forgiveness, and he visited many of the guards from his POW days to let them know that he had forgiven them. This included an October 1950 visit to Sugamo Prison in Tokyo, where many war criminals were imprisoned, and expressed forgiveness to them. Zamperini told CBN that some became Christians in response.

Last years
Four days before his 81st birthday in January 1998, Zamperini ran a leg in the Olympic Torch relay for the Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan, not far from the POW camp where he had been held. While there, he attempted to meet with his chief and most brutal tormentor during the war, Mutsuhiro Watanabe, also known as "the Bird", who had evaded prosecution as a war criminal. Watanabe, however, refused to see him. Nevertheless, Zamperini sent him a letter, stating that while he suffered great mistreatment from him, he had forgiven him. It is unknown whether Watanabe even read the letter; Zamperini never received any response, and Watanabe died in 2003. In March 2005, Zamperini returned to Germany to visit the Berlin Olympic Stadium for the first time since he had competed there.

In his 90s, Zamperini continued to attend USC football games, and he befriended star quarterback Matt Barkley in 2009.

Zamperini appeared on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno on June 7, 2012, speaking about his life in general, the 1936 Olympics, and his World War II exploits.

Death
During his World War II service, Zamperini's death had mistakenly been announced when the US government classified him as killed in action. President Franklin D. Roosevelt even sent Zamperini's parents a formal condolence note in 1944. It was not until the end of World War II in late 1945 that Zamperini was discovered to still be alive and freed from his captors.

Zamperini's actual death came 70 years later, when he died of pneumonia on July 2, 2014, at his home in Los Angeles; he was 97.

Biographies and memoirs
Zamperini wrote two memoirs about his experiences, both bearing the same title, Devil at My Heels, but with different co-authors and content.

Author Laura Hillenbrand wrote a biography of Zamperini entitled Unbroken: A World War II Story of Survival, Resilience, and Redemption (2010) and published by Random House, was a #1 New York Times bestseller. It was named the top nonfiction book of 2010 by Time Magazine.

Film
The book Unbroken: A World War II Story of Survival, Resilience, and Redemption was twice adapted into film. First, Unbroken, written by the Coen brothers and two others, was directed by Angelina Jolie and starred Jack O'Connell as Zamperini. It covered the time up to Zamperini's return from the war. Later, a sequel, Unbroken: Path to Redemption, covers Zamperini's recovery from his abuse as a POW, and was directed by Harold Cronk, and was released in September 2018, with Samuel Hunt portraying Zamperini.

In 2015, the Billy Graham organization released a 30-minute documentary film, Captured by Grace. The film focused on Zamperini's faith, to which he credited his "unbroken" status.

In popular culture
Zamperini features as a character in the 2012 novel Flight from Berlin by David John, published by Harper Collins.

In sports
Zamperini is an Irish horse named after Louis trained by G. L Moore.

Legacy and awards

 * USAAF Decorations

 * A race at Madison Square Garden was named the Louis Zamperini Invitational Mile.
 * On 7 December 1946, Torrance Airport was named Zamperini Field after him.
 * Zamperini was a torchbearer for the 1984 Summer Olympic Games in Los Angeles and the 1998 Winter Games in Nagano.
 * Torrance High School's home football, soccer, and track stadium was named Zamperini Stadium, and the entrance plaza at USC's track & field stadium was named Louis Zamperini Plaza in 2004.
 * On 10 May 2008, Zamperini was awarded the Ellis Island Medal of Honor by the National Ethnic Coalition of Organizations.
 * In October 2008, Zamperini was inducted into the National Italian American Sports Hall of Fame in Chicago, Illinois.
 * On 24 April 2011, Zamperini received an honorary degree, Doctor of Humane Letters from Azusa Pacific University.
 * On 20 May 2011, Zamperini delivered Bryant University's 2011 baccalaureate address and received Bryant's inaugural Distinguished Character Award.
 * On 21 May 2011, Bryant University presented Zamperini with an honorary degree, Doctor of Humane Letters.
 * On 22 May 2011, Zamperini threw out the ceremonial first pitch before the Red Sox-Cubs game at Fenway Park in Boston.
 * In late July 2011, Zamperini received the Kappa Sigma Golden Heart Award during the Kappa Sigma 68th Biennial Grand Conclave held at the Flamingo Casino in Las Vegas, Nevada.
 * In May 2011, Zamperini was guest of honor at Magellan Christian Academy's graduation ceremony with over 700 attendees at the University of North Florida in Jacksonville, Florida. Lorrie Blitch, owner of Magellan Christian Academy, was so moved after reading about his life, he was asked to speak at their private Christian school graduation ceremony. Zamperini's presentation was so inspirational that he received a 10-minute standing ovation.
 * He was chosen to serve as Grand Marshal of the 2015 Rose Parade, held before the college football playoff game in his home state of California. After Zamperini's death on 2 July 2014, the Tournament announced that it is "committed to honoring him as the Grand Marshal of the 2015 Rose Parade". At the parade, Zamperini's family followed USC mascot Traveler as a riderless horse.
 * On January 16 2013, The USAG-KA (Kwajalein Atoll) Dining Facility was renamed The Captain Louis S. Zamperini Dining Facility in honor of Louis Zamperini.
 * In the fall of 2015, Zamperini was named as the class exemplar for the United States Air Force Academy Class of 2018 for his character and courage in service to his country in the United States Army Air Force.
 * In 2017, a 2-mile stretch of the 405 Freeway between Redondo Beach Boulevard and Western Avenue (border to border the portion within the city of Torrance) was named the Louis Zamperini Memorial Highway.

title: Louis Zamperini


text:
Pelvic organ prolapse

Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is characterized by descent of pelvic organs from their normal positions into the vagina. In women, the condition usually occurs when the pelvic floor collapses after gynecological cancer treatment, childbirth or heavy lifting. Injury incurred to fascia membranes and other connective structures can result in cystocele, rectocele or both. Treatment can involve dietary and lifestyle changes, physical therapy, or surgery.

Types

 * Anterior vaginal wall prolapse
 * Cystocele (bladder into vagina)
 * Urethrocele (urethra into vagina)
 * Cystourethrocele (both bladder and urethra)
 * Posterior vaginal wall prolapse
 * Enterocele (small intestine into vagina)
 * Rectocele (rectum into vagina)
 * Sigmoidocele
 * Apical vaginal prolapse
 * Uterine prolapse (uterus into vagina)
 * Vaginal vault prolapse (descent of the roof of vagina) – after surgical removal of the uterus hysterectomy

Grading
Pelvic organ prolapses are graded either via the Baden–Walker System, Shaw's System, or the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q) System.

Shaw's System
Anterior wall
 * Upper 2/3 cystocele
 * Lower 1/3 urethrocele

Posterior wall
 * Upper 1/3 enterocele
 * Middle 1/3 rectocele
 * Lower 1/3 deficient perineum

Uterine prolapse
 * Grade 0 Normal position
 * Grade 1 descent into vagina not reaching introitus
 * Grade 2 descent up to the introitus
 * Grade 3 descent outside the introitus
 * Grade 4 Procidentia

Management
Vaginal prolapses are treated according to the severity of symptoms.

Non-surgical
With conservative measures, such as changes in diet and fitness, Kegel exercises, and pelvic floor physical therapy.

A pessary, a rubber or silicone rubber device fitted to the patient is also a non-surgical option, it is inserted into the vagina and may be retained for up to several months. Vaginal pessaries can immediately relieve prolapse and prolapse-related symptoms. Pessaries are a good choice of treatment for women who wish to maintain fertility, are poor surgical candidates, or who may not be able to attend physical therapy. Pessaries require a provider to fit the device, but most can be removed, cleaned, and replaced by the woman herself; however, others have this done for them by a clinician biannually. A trial compared the two approaches and found that, compared with clinic-based care, self-management was associated with a similar quality of life, fewer complications, and was more cost-effective. Pessaries should be offered as a non-surgical alternative for women considering surgery.

Surgery
Surgery (for example native tissue repair, biological graft repair, absorbable and non-absorbable mesh repair, colpopexy, or colpocleisis) is used to treat symptoms such as bowel or urinary problems, pain, or a prolapse sensation. When operating a pelvic organ prolapse, introducing a mid-urethral sling during or after surgery seems to reduce stress urinary incontinence. Transvaginal repair seems to be more effective than transanal repair in posterior wall prolapse, but adverse effects cannot be excluded. According to the FDA, serious complications are "not rare."

Evidence does not support the use of transvaginal surgical mesh compared with native tissue repair for anterior compartment prolapse owing to increased morbidity. For posterior vaginal repair, the use of mesh or graft material does not seem to provide any benefits.

Compared to native tissue repair, transvaginal permanent mesh likely reduces the perception of vaginal prolapse sensation, the risk of recurrent prolapse, and of having repeat surgery specifically only for prolapse. Transvaginal mesh (TVM) has a greater risk of bladder injury and of needing repeat surgery for stress urinary incontinence or mesh exposure. The use of a TVM in treating vaginal prolapses is associated with severe side effects including organ perforation, infection, and pain.

Safety and efficacy of many newer meshes is unknown. Thousands of class action lawsuits have been filed and settled against several manufacturers of TVM devices.

For surgical treatment of apical vaginal prolapse, going through the abdomen (sacral colpopexy) may have better outcomes than a surgical approach that goes through the vagina.

Epidemiology
Genital prolapse occurs in about 316 million women worldwide as of 2010 (9.3% of all females).

Research
To study POP, various animal models are employed: non-human primates, sheep, pigs, rats, and others.

title: Pelvic organ prolapse


text:
Talk:Fang language

Update of the page status
I happened across this page when going through the list of languages on Wiktionary, and found that every link was dead and that there were gross inaccuracies and an overall lack of thoroughness and detail in the page. I am fairly well-versed on the subject of Fang, as I once researched it in my youth out of sheer curiosity. I felt that it was only right to add in what knowledge I had, as well as setting the record straight and pruning the dead links. It may be of some help. 96.231.152.137 (talk) 20:47, 18 September 2017 (UTC)

Waka Waka
Seriously, mentioning a single song, not even the original one in an article about the whole language? --KarolS (talk) 22:01, 13 May 2012 (UTC)

I removed this line and am placing it here for some reason. * (not function)  This is not a functioning link, but maybe one day that will change.Jihadcola (talk) 20:29, 11 November 2012 (UTC)

Diccionario español-fang/fang-español; phrase list
I just translated a bit of the Spanish WP: Idioma fang page onto the English one. However, I wasn't able to bring over the Phrase list on that page because it has a different orthographic standard (which I wasn't able to verify, but it looks like a Spanish Wikipedian took it on themselves to make their own orthography for it?).

I wish I had access to Bibang Oyee's Diccionario español-fang/fang-español; my knowledge of Fang thus far comes from the other Bibang Oyee (1990) book, Curso de lengua fang (which I have an awfully scanned copy of, making some pages unreadable) and what I've read in relation to Equatoguinean Spanish. I'm not sure where the current list on the English WP came from, and I'm not sure where that orthography came from either. For now, I left it be (besides changing the formatting into a table) and didn't add the additional phrases from Spanish WP. I would love to get my hands on the ''Dic. esp-fang/fang-esp'' to see the tones and other orthographic rules and update that section. --Sj122390 (talk) 06:18, 17 January 2017 (UTC)

Hello, I see you have been having trouble fixing the orthography section. Native Fang speakers have adapted their language to the Latin alphabet, with French accents (rarely Portuguese in São Tome and Principe). This excludes the cedilla from French and tilde from Portuguese. You can find information on this from the various parts of Monefang, per the new live archive link from my most recent edit. 96.231.152.137 (talk) 20:47, 18 September 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Fang language


text:
Talk:Dino-Riders

Contradiction
There's a contradiction in the article, as a character is described as 'voiced by Chris Latta' but the article later states Latta had nothing to do with the series.

Meanwhile...
Some of the article's content was content was directly lifted from an article at TV.com (which I wrote). I'm deleting and replacing all of it. Write your own summaries. (I came back recently and once again had to delete information (in this case, episode summaries) that had been directly lifted from TV.com. Copying information from other websites without giving them credit is lazy and unethical.  Knock it off!)

Similar to Transformers and He-man, the cartoon was based on the toy line not the other way around as the article seems to imply. This should be fixed, but I don't know how to properly reword it yet. Stranger Dan

WTF

korean anime not american animation
series was directed by south korean Steven Hahn from Mihan Productions, now Hanho Heung-Up Co., Ltd.. Marvel only gave the money and probably the original character design sketches and the south korean did the dirty job. these great series, just like M.A.S.K., G.I.-Joe, etc, were not done by american crappy studios but far away from there in south asia, mainly south korea.
 * sources: xoomer.alice.it/fedgrame/co-productions.htm & http://www.awn.com/vcareers/resumedisp.php3?userid=normanbelen & http://www.planete-jeunesse.com/sources/series.php3?cle=89&sec=1 Paris By Night 05:35, 6 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Steven Hahn doesn't look like a particularly Korean name. FunkMonk (talk) 23:20, 18 June 2010 (UTC)

Dino-Riders in 'Toy Story'
I believe that in the movie Toy Story from Disney/Pixar, the character Rex is based off the Tyrannesaurus Rex action figure from Dino-Riders. If you look at the character, Rex has the wheels as well as opening mouth that worked when the T. Rex would walk using battery power. I just wondered if anyone else noticed this.
 * That's already mentioned in the article. FunkMonk (talk) 23:18, 18 June 2010 (UTC)

Copy-editing
I'm currently in the process of copy-editing this article. I've already finished the episodes part and am making progress on the toy section. The rest of the article will follow suit. Mabuska (talk) 14:26, 14 March 2011 (UTC)

Similarities with "The Many-Colored Land"
While reading "The Many-Colored Land" written by Julian May I came across numerous similarities between this novel and Dino Riders. Torcs that enhance psychic abilities together with a crashed spaceship on a prehistoric earth. The book was released in 1981, while Dino Riders was made in 1988. This cannot be coincidence, yet I have prowled the internet for references to an official link between the book and the series, without result. 94.254.96.196 (talk) 11:38, 16 March 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20101014071601/http://www.dinoriders.com:80/Cartoons/Cartoons(Characters)DR.html to http://www.dinoriders.com/Cartoons/Cartoons%28Characters%29DR.html

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External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110629023130/http://www.tv.com/dino-riders/show/17052/episode.html to http://www.tv.com/dino-riders/show/17052/episode.html

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title: Talk:Dino-Riders


text:
Talk:Miracle Landing

Untitled
I've marked this article to be merged with Miracle Landing (movie) since both articles are on the same film. Hawaiian717 06:01, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

Crew Whereabouts
I removed the following addition by 4.27.72.42:

Bob Schornsteimer just retired from Aloha Airlines the last week of August 2005. Mimi Thompkins is still active and a Captain on the 737-700.

I added the information to the Aloha Flight 243 page, as the information appears more relevant to the actual incident than it is to the movie. Hawaiian717 07:00, 10 September 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Miracle Landing


text:
Talk:Piscataway, New Jersey

Origin of name
Piscataway was founded shortly after 1666 when one of the large landholders of the Woodbridge (NJ) proprietary sold off his holdings to four New Hampshire men, who named the town in honor of the stream, the Piscataqua River, that separates Maine and New Hampshire. By 1670, at least fifteen families had settled there.

title: Talk:Piscataway, New Jersey


text:
Talk:RenderWare

Untitled
Note: PC can be refered to as a platform for development. You'll see it referenced this way in various industry announcements and news articles.

Sample Referances:

"the personal computer is a general purpose platform for computing" from: http://www.bricklin.com/pcevolution.htm

"Gaming platforms: Personal computers, consoles, handheld systems, and arcade machines are all common." from: http://www.answers.com/topic/video-gaming

A quick google search will find you more.

--Omniwolf 06:03, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

Neversoft's games
In the Neversoft article, it said that Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 3 was the first and last game to use RenderWare. Shouldn't we fix the article to remove the other games after THPS3? Or contact Neversoft to see if THPS3 was the last game to ever use it? Loompyloompy313 23:50, 8 June 2006 (UTC)

Real Time Worlds
Im somewhat confused about the articles claim that 3rd parties are no longer allowed to license RenderWare. CrackDown for Xbox 360 which is developed by Real Time Worlds and published by Microsoft uses RenderWare. We need to clarify that statement.D0x 00:51, 14 February 2007 (UTC)
 * I came here thinking exactly the same thing. I'm going to remove it, since if a recent game such as Crackdown uses it, it's still being licensed. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 160.5.247.1 (talk) 20:21, 24 February 2007 (UTC).
 * I can tell you catagorically that it isn't still being licenced. Real Time Worlds acquired RenderWare before EA stopped licencing it to third parties. As the article mentions, EA still honours licencing contracts from before this occurred. That game was in development a long time; I believe it's the last third-party game made with RenderWare. I'll check and update the article if so. I'm intending to wikify this article, along with the Criterion Games one INsAn13187tY (talk) 19:46, 12 May 2008 (UTC)iNsAn13187tY

List of RenderWare games
List now exists at List of renderware Games - capitalisation may be an issue in the title, needs attention. --Cnbrb 22:49, 8 September 2007 (UTC)

Year/Release date?
What exactly is the "Year" column referring to? The year the game was being programmed, the year development started or when it was released? In any case, the figures for the GTA games seem to be a little off - according to the individual articles, all games have been released several years after what the year column is suggesting.

Considering that most other year dates seem to be referring to the game's release date, I've changed GTA's dates to conform to this. I've used the earliest release dates found in the respective main articles. Maybe someone should check the rest? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 91.32.255.48 (talk) 03:37, 5 March 2009 (UTC)

Unreal Engine, RenderWare and Frostbite
Now that EA are rapidly adopting Frostbite 2 across many (if not all) their studios going forward, perhaps some sort of comparison or history of these changes within the company might be relevant.

Just a suggestion. — Preceding unsigned comment added by RoyalFool (talk • contribs) 21:24, 18 September 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:RenderWare


text:
User talk:Ruthless4Life

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. The following links will help you begin editing on Wikipedia:
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University of Hong Kong Faculty of Law
This is an automated message from CorenSearchBot. I have performed a search with the contents of University of Hong Kong Faculty of Law, and it appears to be very similar to another Wikipedia page: Faculty of Law, The University of Hong Kong. It is possible that you have accidentally duplicated contents, or made an error while creating the page— you might want to look at the pages and see if that is the case. If you are intentionally trying to rename an article, please see Help:Moving a page for instructions on how to do this without copying and pasting. If you are trying to move or copy content from one article to a different one, please see Copying within Wikipedia and be sure you have acknowledged the duplication of material in an edit summary to preserve attribution history.

It is possible that the bot is confused and found similarity where none actually exists. If that is the case, you can remove the tag from the article. CorenSearchBot (talk) 21:57, 14 May 2011 (UTC)

May 2011
Hi, and thank you for your contributions to Wikipedia. It appears that you recently tried to give HKU Faculty of Law a different title by copying its content and pasting either the same content, or an edited version of it, into another page with a different name. This is known as a "cut and paste move", and it is undesirable because it splits the page history, which is needed for attribution and various other purposes. Instead, the software used by Wikipedia has a feature that allows pages to be moved to a new title together with their edit history.

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ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:09, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
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title: User talk:Ruthless4Life


text:
Talk:Miracle Landing (movie)

I've marked this article to be merged with Miracle Landing since both articles are on the same film. Hawaiian717 06:02, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Miracle Landing (movie)


text:
Category:Non-free images of Disney theme park attraction posters

This category is for web-resolution images of Disney Theme Park attraction posters whose usage on Wikipedia pages is considered fair use under United States copyright law when there are no adequate "free" substitutes available.

__NOGALLERY__


text:
Laurie Williams (cricketer)

Laurie Rohan Williams (12 December 1968 – 8 September 2002) was a West Indian cricketer. Williams was 33 years old when he died; a car he was driving crashed into an oncoming bus.

Williams made his first-class debut for Jamaica in February 1990 against England, opening the bowling. He bowled medium pacers, concentrating more on seam and swing as opposed to being fast.

Also handy with the bat, Williams made three first-class hundreds including a career-best 135 for Jamaica against the Windward Islands. That innings helped him to become the second-highest runmaker in the 1999–2000 Busta Cup.

Williams played 15 One Day Internationals (ODI) for West Indies, the large bulk of them coming in the 2000–01 Carlton Series in Australia. His best ODI bowling performance was perhaps his three wickets for 16 runs against New Zealand in his just his second match.

At the time of his death Williams had played 58 first-class matches for West Indies A and Jamaica. He scored 2,002 runs at 24.71 and took 170 wickets at 23.17. His best first-class bowling figures were six wickets for 26 runs, made in 1996–97. He died in a car accident in Kingston on 8 September 2002, aged 33.

title: Laurie Williams (cricketer)


text: User talk:69.112.27.142

title: User talk:69.112.27.142


text: User talk:81.28.32.103

title: User talk:81.28.32.103


text:
Servair

Servair is a French airline catering company. It is subsidiary of Air France (50.01%) and Swiss catering company Gategroup (49.99%). Servair has its head office in the Continental Square complex in Roissypôle, Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport and in Tremblay-en-France.

Servair, a gategroup subsidiary, is the leading French airline-catering and cabin-cleaning company. It is active at 22 airports in 18 countries and has 10,500 employees. Servair has also established itself as the leading caterer on the African continent, with 21 locations in 18 countries.

Airline service trades
Servair has four main activities:
 * Catering, i.e. in-flight food services.
 * Handling, i.e. equipping and logistics, which is the loading/unloading of aircraft (pillows, blankets, trolleys, etc.) and the management and storage of hotel products (e.g. preparation of drinks, food, tax free products).
 * Ramp, i.e. airport assistance, going from runway assistance to terminal assistance.
 * Cleaning, i.e. cabin service, to prepare a clean and comfortable aircraft.
 * 9,150 employees
 * 755 million euros in turnover
 * 7.8 million euros of net consolidated result
 * More than 100 units around the world, with its partners

Catering

 * 45 million meal trays prepared per year
 * 200 000 trays per day
 * 16,300 tonnes of food products delivered every year
 * More than 100 cooks
 * 1,000 menus and 5,300 different recipes

Cleaning and logistics

 * 365,000 aircraft handled every year
 * 39,000,000 seats cleaned per year
 * 47 km2 of carpet cleaned per year
 * 217 vehicles including 41 heavy duty vehicles
 * 365,000 interventions with reduced mobility passengers
 * 40.5 million newspapers and 11 million magazines supplied per year

Quality

 * 40 hygiene, microbiology and quality experts
 * 17 units certified ISO 9001 v2000
 * 50,000 analyses conducted annually by the Servair laboratory, COFRAC accreditation award
 * 7 international experts monitoring the scientific committee

History

 * 1971: Creation of Servair
 * 1974: Servair has 520 employees
 * 1975: Creation of Servair Lyon
 * 1986: Servair provides restaurant services for presidential journeys
 * 1990: Creation of Armement Cabine et Nettoyage Avion, a company specialising in cleaning and equipping aircraft
 * 1990: 20 million trays served per year
 * 1990: Servair continues its establishment in Africa with the creation of DAKAR Catering
 * 1991: Opening of Jet Chef at Le Bourget
 * 1992: Opening of the units Servair 2, Orly Air Traiteur (OAT) and CPA at Roissy
 * 1995: Servair is present in 14 countries
 * 1999: Creation of Culin’Air Paris with Star Airlines and Bruneau Pégorier Catering
 * 2000: Servair serves 40 million meals per year
 * 2001: Opening of Special Meals Catering, a kosher production unit in Paris
 * 2002: Opening of Mali Catering in Bamako Airport
 * 2003: Opening of the new Servair laboratory
 * 2004: Inauguration of a new kitchen in Mauritania
 * 2005: CPA has transformed itself into a catering centre specialized in long-haul activity

title: Servair


text: User talk:69.120.181.154

title: User talk:69.120.181.154


text: User talk:84.66.199.165

title: User talk:84.66.199.165


text:
Talk:Konversation/to do

 * short history
 * feature list

title: Talk:Konversation/to do


text:
Jacob Sloat Fassett

Jacob Sloat Fassett (November 13, 1853 – April 21, 1924) was a businessman, lawyer, and member of the United States House of Representatives from New York.

Early life
He was born on November 13, 1853, in Elmira, New York, the son of Newton Pomeroy Fassett and Martha Ellen (Sloat) Fassett. He attended the public schools of Elmira and graduated from the University of Rochester in 1875. He studied law at his father's firm, Smith, Robertson & Fassett, was admitted to the bar in 1878 and commenced practice in Elmira. He was District Attorney of Chemung County in 1878 and 1879. On February 13, 1879, he married in Sacramento, California, Jennie Louise Crocker (1860–1939), the daughter of Judge Edwin B. Crocker. Around this time Fassett became the proprietor of the Elmira Daily Advertiser. Afterwards he enrolled as a law student at Heidelberg University in Germany. He returned to Elmira in 1882 and began the practice of law.

Political career
Fassett was a member of the New York State Senate (27th D.) from 1884 to 1891, sitting in the 107th, 108th, 109th, 110th, 111th, 112th, 113th and 114th New York State Legislatures; and was President pro tempore from 1889 to 1891. He was a delegate to the 1880, 1892 and 1916 Republican National Conventions, and was Temporary Chairman in 1892. He was Secretary of the Republican National Committee from 1888 to 1892. President Benjamin Harrison appointed Fassett as Collector of the Port of New York, a post he held from August 1 to September 15, 1891, when he resigned to run for Governor of New York. At the 1891 New York state election, he was defeated by Democrat Roswell P. Flower.

Fassett was a delegate to the New York State Constitutional Convention of 1894. He was elected as a Republican to the 59th, 60th and 61st United States Congresses, holding office from March 4, 1905, to March 3, 1911. His last political role was as Chairman of the Republican advisory convention in 1918.

After retiring from politics, he resumed his work in the banking and lumber business in Elmira. He died on April 21, 1924, in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, while returning from a business trip to Japan and the Philippines. He was an investor in various mines among which was the Oriental Consolidated Mining Corporation in Korea, which was managed by his cousin, Spokane politician and metallurgist Charles M. Fassett. He was buried at the Woodlawn Cemetery in Elmira.

Fassett, Quebec
The village of Fassett, Quebec, in Canada is named after him.

Fassett's Point
Located in Falmouth, Massachusetts, this 40 acre portion of land on the north side of West Falmouth Harbor is divided into two portions: 12 acre which comprise "Little Island" and the other 28 acre are known as "Greycourt." It was here on the 28 acre of Greycourt at the end of Little Island Road in Falmouth, Massachusetts, where Jacob and his wife Jennie Crocker Fassett built a large summer estate in 1916 - 1918. (The Fassetts had been spending their summers in Gloucester at Cape Ann but sold their estate there in 1916 for $225,000 in what was called "One of the largest real estate deals ever recorded on Cape Ann"). After his death and then that of his wife in 1939, the estate was put up for sale for $35,000. By 1941 it had still not sold and their children had the estate destroyed and the land divided. Some of his descendants still live on the land of this great estate.

Fassett Elementary School
Elementary School in Elmira, New York.

Fassett Commons
In 1916, Mr. and Mrs. Jacob Fassett donated $30,000 to Elmira College for the construction of a dining hall. It became the main dining hall in 1917. It is connected to the north arm of Cowles Hall. Jacob Fassett favored the name Crocker Hall, opposing the choice of Fassett Commons. When construction costs grew beyond expectations, the Fassetts donated an additional $10,000. Faculty members of the art department have their offices in Fassett Commons, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Fassett Family
Although Jacob Sloat Fassett and Jennie Crocker had several children (one of whom was a doctor), none of them went into politics like their father. Their most famous child was Jacob Sloat Fassett Jr. (1889–1973) or better known by his stage name as Jay Fassett who starred in several Hollywood films. Jay Fassett had a son, Jacob Sloat Fassett, III (1913–2002) who, like his father Jay, graduated from Cornell and then went into the hotel business buying a 50-room hotel in upstate New York when he was just 26 years old. Jacob Sloat Fassett, III lived his remaining years on what was left of the estate in West Falmouth. The Congressman and his son Newton Crocker Fassett were partners in mining ventures with Spokane mayor Charles M. Fassett, a cousin of Jacob Sloat Fassett.

Kaffe Fassett is a well-known artist and designer living in London. He is the great-grandson of Jacob Sloat Fassett.

Fassett Pennsylvania
This town is named after Jacob Sloat Fassett's grandfather, Philo Fassett.

title: Jacob Sloat Fassett


text:
Raphanus raphanistrum

Raphanus raphanistrum, also known as wild radish, white charlock or jointed charlock, is a flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae. The species is native to western Asia, Europe and parts of Northern Africa. It has been introduced into most parts of the world and is regarded as a habitat threatening invasive species in many areas, for example, Australia. It spreads rapidly and is often found growing on roadsides or in other places where the ground has been disturbed. The cultivated radish, widely used as a root vegetable, is sometimes considered to be one of its subspecies as Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus.

Description
Wild radish is an annual that grows up to 75 cm tall, variously branched to multi-stemmed, with a distinct slender taproot which does not swell like that of the cultivated radish. The stems are green and sometimes purple at the base and nodes, round in cross section and slightly ridged, and bristly-hairy all over. It has a basal rosette of pinnate leaves to 38 cm long, with a 3 cm stalk (petiole) and a large rounded terminal lobe that has a undulate margin; the lateral lobes sometimes overlap the midrib. The stem leaves become progressively less lobed as they ascend, and more acutely serrated. Both the upper and lower surface of each leaf is roughly hairy, as are the leaf margins, which have minutely bulbous-based hairs projecting horizontally. The leaves have green or purple tips (hydathodes) on each tooth.

The flowering period is between May and October in northern Europe, or between June and August in Minnesota. The inflorescence is a lax raceme, terminal or arising from the leaf axil, up to 34 cm long with up to 42 flowers. The flowers have four white (sometimes yellow or purple) petals, up to 24 mm long, sometimes with dark veins (especially on the underside). Each petal has a rounded "limb" above a narrow "claw", both about the same length. The four upright sepals are shorter than the petals, green or purple, and have sparse bulbous-based hairs. There are 6 stamens (2 short and 4 long) and one style with two stigmas.

The fruits are borne on bristly-hairy pedicels about 3 cm long and held vertically (whether the rhachis is erect or sprawling). Each fruit consists of a pod with two segments: the lower one is about 1-2 mm long and sterile (just occasionally with one seed), while the upper one is up to 8 cm long and has 1-10 fertile segments (mericarps), each containing one oval seed up to 3 mm long. At the tip of the pod is a sterile beak up to 2.5 cm long. The fruits are terete, smooth or slightly ridged, and glabrous to roughly hairy, with a peppery taste. At the tip of the beak is the persistent, sessile white stigma.

Taxonomy
It was formally described by the Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus in his seminal publication 'Species Plantarum' on page 669 in 1753.

The genome of wild radish is estimated to be ~515 Mb in size, whereas that of the edible variety is suggested to be ~539–574 Mb. Several Raphanus raphanistrum genomes have been sequenced,  with one study reporting 98% coverage of the gene space. Researchers found evidence that the past whole-genome triplication that occurred before the divergence of Raphanus and Brassica has been followed by widespread gene loss in radish, resulting in the loss of ~38,000 genes from the wild radish genome.

Raphanus raphanistrum has several known subspecies including:
 * Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. landra (Moretti ex DC.) Bonnier & Layens ('sea radish')
 * Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. rostratus (DC.) Thell.
 * Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus (L.) Domin

The scientific name Raphanus derives from the Ancient Greek name for a radish, ραφανίς (raphanis). It has several common names including jointed charlock, jointed radish, jointed wild radish, white charlock, and wild radish.

It is often erroneously identified as mustard.

Identification
The flowers are very similar to those of the searocket, which is found in some of the same regions (in the US) and is easily distinguished from it by having thinner, non-succulent stems and leaves.

Distribution and habitat
It is native to temperate regions of North Africa, Europe and parts of Western Asia.

Range
It is found in North Africa, within Macaronesia, Madeira Islands, Canary Islands, Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco and Tunisia. Within Western Asia it is found in the Caucasus, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Cyprus, Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria and Turkey. In eastern Europe, it is found within Belarus, Moldova and Ukraine. In middle Europe, it is in Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Slovakia and Switzerland. In northern Europe, in Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Ireland, Isle of Man, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Sweden and United Kingdom. In southeastern Europe, within Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Italy, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia and Slovenia. Also in southwestern Europe, it is found in France, Portugal and Spain.

Ecology
It is frost hardy, and even hard freezes only temporarily interrupt bloom. In Australia, it is regarded as a habitat threatening invasive species in many areas. In Canada, it is a naturalised species and sometimes hybridizes with cultivated radish, R. sativus. It has also proved to be resistant to several herbicides.

In southeastern USA, the pale yellow form is common, sometimes entirely taking over fields in wintertime. It is a significant source of pollen and nectar for a variety of pollinators, especially honey bees during the very early spring starting buildup. Female Andrena agilissima, or mining bees, frequent this plant to obtain pollen and nectar. Other pollinators include cabbage butterflies and a few syrphid fly species.

Uses
All tender parts of the plant are edible. The leaves and flowers have a spicy taste or aftertaste. The seedpods can be eaten, as can the outer skin of the root (after being washed). It is said that John Walker cultivated sea radish root as an alternative to horseradish after discovering the plant on the west coast of Scotland as early as 1753.

title: Raphanus raphanistrum


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Talk:Paanchi

Untitled
For a August 2005 deletion debate see Votes for deletion/Paanchi

Looks like this is the same person as Piye, isn't he? If so, we should better make a redirect out of this. --Proofreader (talk) 10:17, 29 February 2008 (UTC)

>> Yep, it is. I tried to redirect, but you have to be an administrator... :\ There was a request for deletion debate a while ago, but people got confused with the fact that this person was BOTH the king of Kush/Nubia (south of Egypt) AND southern Egypt. The second issue is that his name in older literature was Piankhy (or variant), but now recognised as Piye. Ie, people one wikipedia have split this person into TWO people, when infact there was one. 87.115.167.212 (talk) 22:17, 6 March 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Paanchi


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Malcolm Oastler

Malcolm Bruce Oastler (born 24 April 1959) is an Australian. He was the former technical director of Formula One team BAR, former chief engineer for Jaguar Racing, and designer of many race cars.

Career
Oastler was born in Sydney, Australia. A keen motorsport enthusiast and driver from a young age, he earned a first class honours degree in mechanical engineering from the New South Wales University of Technology. Oastler embarked on a driving career in the early 1980s, and was particularly successful in the Australian Formula Ford championship. Deciding to try his luck in the European motorsport scene, Oastler relocated to England in 1985, but without any real financial back found it very tough to campaign in any series there.

He was working as a mechanic for Milldent Motorsport in Leicestershire in exchange for part-time drives in British Formula Ford 2000. In 1986 his engineering talents were recognised and he joined the Reynard company as a designer. Oastler was responsible for many designs at Reynard in racing categories such as Formula Ford, Formula Ford 2000, Formula 3000 and Indy car. Oastler's Reynard design for the first Formula 3000 series was especially strong, and his chassis design went on to win five international titles. After the Formula 3000 success, Oastler led the IndyCar design from the start of the project. His Reynard 95I chassis went on to win eight races in total, including the Indy 500 and started from pole position no less than thirteen times.

In 1998 Oastler was seconded to the newly formed BAR team in a chief designer role. As such he was responsible for all design and enhancement work done on the 1999 BAR 01 car, and also much work done on the 1998 Tyrrell 026. (BAR was founded on the remains of the Tyrrell F1 team and actually competed under the Tyrrell name for the 1998 season. The name British American Racing was first seen on the track for the 1999 season.) During the 1999 season Oastler was promoted to the role of technical director, but that role reverted to the BAR-partnered Reynard company in 2000 which left Oastler back at the chief designer position. BAR management was taken over by David Richards for 2002 and Oastler soon found himself out of the team. During that season he resurfaced at Jaguar Racing and worked on their upcoming R4 chassis for the 2002 season, and was named Jaguar's chief engineer for 2003 and 2004.

During the Jaguar F1 team's tumultuous final season in 2004, Oastler decided to retire from professional motorsport, with the team thanking him for his contribution. He has since returned to his native Australia to set up several rural ventures.

Personal life
Oastler is married to Joanna and has three daughters, Charlotte, Chloe and Kate.

Oastler has maintained an interest and involvement with motorsport within Australia. This has included competing in the Australian Hillclimb Championship, a category in which he is a 5 time champion.

Oastler also shares his various quirky engineering adventures through a YouTube channel, regularly featuring him working in his best thongs.

title: Malcolm Oastler


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Talk:Andhra University

Keep it Clean (and also Alive!)
Hi, before I created the main page of this article, I noticed that there was a long delete history of 17 edits. A place like Andhra University doesn't deserve that and the only way to make sure that it remains on Wikipedia is to ensure that all comments made are verifiable, NPOV and cited. Most importantly, please keep off copyright violations. Thanks...Gurubrahma 06:14, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

Copyright problem removed
Prior content in this article duplicated one or more previously published sources. The material was copied from: http://www.andhrauniversity.info/logo.html. Infringing material has been rewritten or removed and must not be restored, unless it is duly released under a compatible license. (For more information, please see "using copyrighted works from others" if you are not the copyright holder of this material, or "donating copyrighted materials" if you are.) For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or published material; such additions will be deleted. Contributors may use copyrighted publications as a source of information, but not as a source of sentences or phrases. Accordingly, the material may be rewritten, but only if it does not infringe on the copyright of the original or plagiarize from that source. Please see our guideline on non-free text for how to properly implement limited quotations of copyrighted text. Wikipedia takes copyright violations very seriously, and persistent violators will be blocked from editing. While we appreciate contributions, we must require all contributors to understand and comply with these policies. Thank you. Reg porter (talk) 20:28, 21 May 2011 (UTC)

University emblem
I have added short paragraph about the University emblem from the published sources. Is there any problem with that information.--Rajasekhar1961 05:54, 18 February 2016 (UTC)

Commons files used on this page have been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons files used on this page have been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. Community Tech bot (talk) 16:11, 26 July 2018 (UTC)
 * AU College of Engineering.jpg
 * AU College of Science and Technology.jpg

title: Talk:Andhra University


text: Wikipedia:POTD/August 25, 2005

title: Wikipedia:POTD/August 25, 2005


text: User:PanchoS/Germany tourism Munich area


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User talk:Gen13

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! We welcome and appreciate your contributions, such as Human penis size, but we regretfully cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from either web sites or printed material. For more information about Wikipedia's policies and guidelines, take a look at our Five Pillars. Happy editing! FreplySpang (talk) 06:17, August 24, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Gen13


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User talk:Deadgoon2

Welcome, from Journalist
Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!
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title: User talk:Deadgoon2


text:
Prince Gabriel Constantinovich of Russia

Prince Gabriel Constantinovich of Russia (Гавриил Константинович; 15 July 1887 – 28 February 1955) was the second son of Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich of Russia and his wife, Grand Duchess Elizabeth Mavrikievna of Russia. A great-grandson of Tsar Nicholas I, he was born in Imperial Russia and served in the army during World War I. He lost much of his family during the war and the Russian Revolution. He narrowly escaped execution by the Bolsheviks and spent the rest of his life living in exile in France.

Early life
Prince Gabriel Constantinovich was born on 15 July 1887 at Pavlovsk Palace in Pavlovsk. He was the second son among the nine children of Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich of Russia and his wife Grand Duchess Elizaveta Mavrikievna of Russia) (born Princess Elisabeth of Saxe-Altenburg).

Gabriel and his brother Prince Ivan, born a year earlier, were the first to suffer the effects of the reforms of Emperor Alexander III, his father's cousin, who decreed that in the name of economizing the state budget, only the children and grandchildren of the reigning sovereign would bear the title of grand duke. Gabriel was three days old when Tsar Alexander III issued a manifesto announcing his title as a Prince of the Imperial Blood with the style of Highness. Grand dukes received 280,000 gold rubles annually from the imperial treasury, which guaranteed a comfortable life. Gabriel was given a one-time sum of 1 million gold rubles, and he could count on nothing else.

Gabriel spent his early life living in fabulous splendor on the last period of Imperial Russia. His father, a respected poet, was a first cousin once removed of Tsar Nicholas II, and one of the wealthiest members of the Romanov family. As a child, Gabriel was frail and or poor health; he was pale and prone to illness. He and Ivan were both often sick and together spent more than a year of their childhood living at Oreanda in the Crimea, with a doctor and several servants. Their health improved in the temperate climate, and the boys enjoyed their time spent on the beaches and in short tours around the peninsula. With only each other, for company, they forged a strong sibling relationship that was to last to the ends of their lives. Gabriel was brought up strictly; he and his siblings were taught to speak pure Russian without a mixture of foreign phrases, and they had to memorize prayers. The best writers and musicians were invited to Pavlovsk and the Marble Palace, and Grand Duke Konstantin devised a programme of lectures for his children, providing a good education for them.

From a very early age, Gabriel was passionately devoted to his father and to all things military. Following his father's example, Gabriel Constantinovich chose a military career, traditional for the male members of the Romanov family. In his memoirs, he recalled: Since the age of seven, I dreamed of entering the Nikolaevsky Cavalry School < Nicholas Cavalry College>. In 1900, he was allowed to join the 1st Moscow Cadet corps as preparatory training; in 1903 he finally received permission to join the Nikolaevsky school. "Having worn a cadet's uniform for five years," he wrote, "at last my dream came true, and I became a real military man." At 19, he was promoted to officer's rank and awarded several orders. On 19 January 1908 Gabriel Constantinovich took his oath of allegiance to Nicholas II in a ceremony held in the church of the Catherine Palace at Tsarskoye Selo.

His family was close to Nicholas II, and he spent many times with the emperor and his family. Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna and her brother, Grand Duke Dimitri Pavlovich, were often his playmates.

A Russian prince
Unlike his serious and reserved brothers, Gabriel was much more social, and began to associate with an aristocratic crowd considered fast by the standards of the day. In August 1911, during a small ball at the mansion of the famous ballerina Mathilde Kschessinskaya, Gabriel met Antonina Rafailovna Nesterovskaya (14 March 1890 – 7 March 1950), a 21-year-old dancer and member of an impoverished family from the lesser nobility. Gabriel was 24 years old, very tall and thin. Nesterovskaya was nearly a foot shorter than he was, plain and plump, but she was witty and lively.

Gabriel fell in love with the ballerina. He managed to speak to her during the intervals while she was dancing at the Mariinsky Theatre every Sunday. By January 1912, he was visiting Nesterovskaya in the little apartment where she lived with her mother. They became lovers and before Easter 1912, they joined Kschessinskaya and her lover Grand Duke Andrew Vladimirovich on a trip to the Riviera, staying in Cannes and Monte Carlo. The Riviera idyll did not last long, because they soon had to return to Saint Petersburg, where the prince was studying. From then on, he considered her as his fiancée. In 1913, he asked her to quit the Ballet Corps and she agreed.

Gabriel was devoted to his mistress and installed her in an extravagant house he purchased for her on Kamennoostrovsky Prospekt in Saint Petersburg. Meanwhile, Gabriel, who had been living in the Pavlovsk Palace, received a large three-room apartment at the Marble Palace on the second floor looking on the Palace Banks. After the death of his father in 1915, Gabriel was increasingly involved with his mistress. They were a hospitable couple and kept an open house entertaining lavishly for their friends.

Gabriel was devotedly in love, but he could not marry his mistress because the Romanov's family status forbade any morganatic union. He appealed to his aunt, Olga, Queen of the Hellenes, to intercede on his behalf, and she went to see Nicholas II requesting permission for his nephew to marry, but the emperor flatly refused. Through the twists and turns of the years that followed, Prince Gabriel remained passionate in his devotion to the dancer, determined that one day he would overcome the obstacles and marry her. He was awarded Serbian Order of Karađorđe's Star in 1911.

War and revolution
At the outbreak of World War I, Gabriel had to be separated from his mistress. He and four of his brothers joined the active Russian army in the military effort, fighting in advance operations. His brother Prince Oleg was killed in action at the beginning of the war. The following year, Gabriel's father died of a heart attack. Evacuated to Petrograd in the fall of 1914, he joined the military academy, graduating at the age of 29 with the rank of colonel. His affair with Nesterovskaya continued openly and was discussed publicly. The two lived together for a long time, and in 1916 Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, seeing the sincerity of their feelings, decided to help them get married even though it was considered a misalliance.

After the overthrow of the Russian monarchy in the February Revolution of 1917, Prince Gabriel asked his mother for permission to marry Antonina Nesterovskaya, but she did not give him her consent. He decided to disobey, and on 9 April 1917 at three o'clock pm in a little church, they married. A morganatic union would have never been allowed under the reign of Nicholas II and Gabriel kept his marriage secret from both his mother and his uncle Dimitri Konstantinovich, who only later learned of the wedding.

Gabriel had asked his cousin Prince Alexander of Leuchtenberg (who himself intended to marry morganatically), to find a priest to bless the wedding secretly. At the wedding ceremony, only Lidia Chistyakova (Antonina's sister) and a few of their friends were present. Gabriel had told his secret to his brother Ivan a few days before, but his elder brother did not want to attend the ceremony because of their mother. However, he promised to keep the secret. On his way to the church, Gabriel saw his brothers Prince Constantine and Prince Georgy walking on Morskaya Street. They had just met Antonina in a wedding dress in another car. Only later, the two brothers realized what had happened. Once married, Gabriel went to see his mother who, although she was very upset, at the end gave him her blessing. From then on Gabriel moved into Nesteroskaya's apartment where for a time, the couple lived quietly.

Gabriel tried to keep a low profile in Petrograd during the spring 1917. Fearing a vengeful mob, Antonina telephoned to warn him. She dispatched a car and driver to collect him from the Military Academy and spirit him to the relative safety of her house.

Captivity
After the successful Bolshevik coup of November 1917, the Petrograd newspapers published a decree summoning all male Romanovs to report to the Cheka, the secret police. Initially they were just required not to leave the city. In March 1918, the Romanovs who registered were summoned again, now to be sent away into internal Russian exile. In the spring of 1918, when the Bolsheviks had initially tried to arrest him, Gabriel was suffering from tuberculosis; rather than imprison him, the Bolsheviks allowed him to stay with his wife, Antonina, at her Petrograd apartment. By the summer of 1918, however, he had recovered, and one day in July, a contingent of armed soldiers arrived at the modest apartment and took him into custody. He was put in Shpalernaya prison in a cell adjoining those of his uncle Dimitri Konstantinovich and Grand Dukes Nicholas Mikhailovich and George Mikhailovich.

Gabriel, younger and more resilient than his relatives, found prison less of an ordeal, but he was shocked at his uncle's appearance when they were first reunited. Until the last, Gabriel recalled, Dimitri was the cheerful favorite uncle of his childhood, telling him jokes, attempting to raise the spirits, and bribing prison guards to carry hopeful messages to his nephew's cell. Throughout Gabriel's incarceration Antonina was tireless in her efforts to obtain her husband's release. She finally succeeded with the intervention of Maxim Gorky, who lobbied Vladimir Lenin on Gabriel's behalf, as Gorky's wife was among Antonina's friends. Near the end of 1918, Gabriel was moved to a hospital. Shortly after, Gorky took the couple under his own roof; they lived for a while in his apartment in Petrograd. A few weeks later, again with Gorky's assistance, the Petrograd Soviet gave the couple permission to leave Russia for Finland. They hurriedly left Russia and made their roundabout way to France. The prince's release came just in time. In the early hours of 28 January 1919, his relatives at Shpalernaya prison were executed by firing squad at the walls of the Peter and Paul Fortress.

Exile

In 1920, Prince Gabriel and his wife took residence in Paris, where many members of the Russian nobility settled. The couple did not lose interest in society once they were in exile. They were constant attendees at many Russian balls, frequently enjoyed evenings out in Russian nightclubs, and continued their friendship with other Romanovs in exile. Their circle included the renowned Polish artist Tamara de Lempicka, who painted a famous portrait of Gabriel in 1927.

By 1924, Gabriel's economic situation was very difficult. Antonina, having considered then rejected the idea of opening a ballet school, instead turned to the world of couture, and established her own fashion house. Christened the House of Berry, the shop opened in a small building. Five years later after achieving some measure of success, Antonina was able to move the shop to a more fashionable location. When Antonina received important or wealthy clients, especially American millionaires, they were quickly whisked to a salon where, surrounded by the trappings of imperial Russia, they were entertained by Gabriel Constantinovich himself, who seemed to relish the experience. Visitors later recalled that the prince frequently spent hours with them, often lecturing them on members of the extended family and using his photographs and paintings as visual aids to a vanished era. Gabriel and his wife, with the proceeds from their successful couture business, lived a comfortable, if not splendid life.

Their entire hallways in their apartment were filled with family photographs. They lived happily and often had tea parties. In Paris, they often mingled with other Russian émigrés, including Prince Felix Yussupov, and his wife, Princess Irina Alexandrovna, and Grand Duke Andrew Vladimirovich, by then married to Mathilde Kschessinskaya.

The Great Depression eventually marked a sharp turn in the fortune of their fashion business, and they had to close the shop in 1936. The couple lived very modestly in a Paris suburb, where Prince Gabriel wrote his memoirs. To earn money he organized bridge parties and his wife occasionally gave ballet lessons. A portion of Prince Gabriel's memoirs was later published as In the Marble Palace; the book appeared first in both Russian and French. A number of Russian editions have appeared over the years, the most recent in 2001. However, it took time for the memoirs to be published in English, because a first English translation was allegedly lost in the bombing of the American Embassy in Beirut, Lebanon, in 1984. Gabriel's memoirs provide a detailed account of the private day-to-day lives of members of the Romanov family and have been sourced for many contemporary biographies on the Russian Imperial family.

Last years
Gabriel Constantinovich kept in touch with his Romanov relatives during his long years in exile. He recognized Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich of Russia as Head of the Imperial House, and applied to Kirill for a title for his wife, to whom was granted the style of Her Serene Highness, Princess Romanovskaya-Strelninskaya. Gabriel himself was awarded the style of Grand Duke by Kirill's son Vladimir Kirillovich on 15 May 1939. He was the only Romanov prince to be elevated to this style.

During the tumultuous years of World War II, Gabriel continued to live in Paris with his wife. The relationship between them never wavered, and they remained devoted to each other. His wife died on 7 March 1950 at the age of 60. Gabriel remarried the following year, on 11 May 1951. His second wife was Princess Irina Ivanovna Kurakina (22 September 1903 – 17 January 1993), a 48-year-old exiled Russian princess who was created Her Serene Highness Princess Romanovskaya by Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich. Gabriel died four years later on 28 February 1955 in Paris. He had no children by either marriage and was buried in the Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois Russian Cemetery.


text: Wikipedia:Picture of the day/August 25, 2005


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List of countries by infant and under-five mortality rates

The under-five mortality rate (U5MR) is the number of deaths of infants and children under five years old per 1000 live births. The under-five mortality rate for the world is 39 deaths according to the World Bank and the World Health Organization (WHO). 5.3 million children under age five died in 2018, 14,722 every day.

The infant mortality rate is the number of deaths of infants under one year old per 1,000 live births. This rate is often used as an indicator of the level of health in a country. The infant mortality rate of the world in 2019 was 28 according to the United Nations and the projected estimate for 2020 was 30.8 according to the CIA World Factbook.

Note that due to differences in reporting, these numbers may not be comparable across countries. The WHO recommendation is that all children who show signs of life should be recorded as live births. In many countries this standard is not followed, artificially lowering their infant mortality rates relative to countries which follow those standards.

Under-five mortality from the World Bank
World average of Under-five mortality rate is 36.6 per 1,000 live births, according to 2020 estimates.

Asterisk (*) indicates "Health in LOCATION" links.

OECD. Under-five mortality from the World Bank
The following is a list of OECD countries and their under-five mortality rate per 1,000 live births as published by the World Bank.

Location links below are all "Health in LOCATION" links.

Infant mortality from the CIA World Factbook
Note: The link in the last column takes you to the same country in the UN table in the next section.

Asterisk (*) indicates "Health in LOCATION" links.

Infant mortality from the United Nations population division (from birth to 1 year-olds only)
Note: The link in the last column takes you to the same country in the CIA table in the previous section.

Asterisk (*) indicates "Health in LOCATION" links.