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Application security

Application security (short AppSec) includes all tasks that introduce a secure software development life cycle to development teams. Its final goal is to improve security practices and, through that, to find, fix and preferably prevent security issues within applications. It encompasses the whole application life cycle from requirements analysis, design, implementation, verification as well as maintenance.

Web application security is a branch of information security that deals specifically with the security of websites, web applications, and web services. At a high level, web application security draws on the principles of application security but applies them specifically to the internet and web systems. The application security also concentrates on mobile apps and their security which includes iOS and Android Applications

Web Application Security Tools are specialized tools for working with HTTP traffic, e.g., Web application firewalls.

Approaches
Different approaches will find different subsets of the security vulnerabilities lurking in an application and are most effective at different times in the software lifecycle. They each represent different tradeoffs of time, effort, cost and vulnerabilities found.

 * Design review. Before code is written the application's architecture and design can be reviewed for security problems. A common technique in this phase is the creation of a threat model.
 * Whitebox security review, or code review. This is a security engineer deeply understanding the application through manually reviewing the source code and noticing security flaws. Through comprehension of the application, vulnerabilities unique to the application can be found.
 * Blackbox security audit. This is only through the use of an application testing it for security vulnerabilities, no source code is required.
 * Automated Tooling. Many security tools can be automated through inclusion into the development or testing environment. Examples of those are automated DAST/SAST tools that are integrated into code editor or CI/CD platforms.
 * Coordinated vulnerability platforms. These are hacker-powered application security solutions offered by many websites and software developers by which individuals can receive recognition and compensation for reporting bugs.

Security threats
The Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP) provides free and open resources. It is led by a non-profit called The OWASP Foundation. The OWASP Top 10 - 2017 results from recent research based on comprehensive data compiled from over 40 partner organizations. This data revealed approximately 2.3 million vulnerabilities across over 50,000 applications. According to the OWASP Top 10 - 2021, the ten most critical web application security risks include:

 * 1) Broken access control
 * 2) Cryptographic Failures
 * 3) Injection
 * 4) Insecure Design
 * 5) Security Misconfiguration
 * 6) Vulnerable and Outdated Components
 * 7) Identification and Authentification Failures
 * 8) Software and Data Integrity Failures
 * 9) Security Logging and Monitoring Failures*
 * 10) Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)*

Tooling for security testing
Security testing techniques scour for vulnerabilities or security holes in applications. These vulnerabilities leave applications open to exploitation. Ideally, security testing is implemented throughout the entire Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) so that vulnerabilities may be addressed in a timely and thorough manner.

There are many kinds of automated tools for identifying vulnerabilities in applications. Common tool categories used for identifying application vulnerabilities include: Resin is a new tool for improving application security and reducing vulnerabilities. It allows developers to specify rules about how data should flow through an application to prevent security issues. This is done using policy objects to define the rules, data tracking to monitor the data flow, and filter objects to check the rules at specific points in the data flow.
 * Static Application Security Testing (SAST) analyzes source code for security vulnerabilities during an application's development. Compared to DAST, SAST can be utilized even before the application is in an executable state. As SAST has access to the full source code it is a white-box approach. This can yield more detailed results but can result in many false positives that need to be manually verified.
 * Dynamic Application Security Testing (DAST, often called Vulnerability scanners) automatically detects vulnerabilities by crawling and analyzing websites. This method is highly scalable, easily integrated and quick. DAST tools are well suited for dealing with low-level attacks such as injection flaws but are not well suited to detect high-level flaws, e.g., logic or business logic flaws. Fuzzing tools are commonly used for input testing.
 * Interactive Application Security Testing (IAST) assesses applications from within using software instrumentation. This combines the strengths of both SAST and DAST methods as well as providing access to code, HTTP traffic, library information, backend connections and configuration information. Some IAST products require the application to be attacked, while others can be used during normal quality assurance testing.
 * Runtime application self-protection augments existing applications to provide intrusion detection and prevention from within an application runtime.
 * Dependency scanners (also called Software Composition Analysis) try to detect the usage of software components with known vulnerabilities. These tools can either work on-demand, e.g., during the source code build process, or periodically.
 * Abstraction is the idea of making more complex things less complex.
 * Application security testing as a service (ASTaaS): In this scenario, the organization enlists an external company to perform all testing for their applications. ASTaaS usually combines static and dynamic security methods, including penetration testing and evaluating application programming interfaces (APIs).

Security standards and regulations

 * CERT Secure Coding
 * ISO/IEC 27034-1:2011 Information technology — Security techniques — Application security -- Part 1: Overview and concepts
 * ISO/IEC TR 24772:2013 Information technology — Programming languages — Guidance to avoiding vulnerabilities in programming languages through language selection and use
 * NIST Special Publication 800-53
 * OWASP ASVS: Web Application Security Verification Standard

title: Application security


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/DJ Hoodie

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Sjakkalle (Check!)  09:22, 7 September 2005 (UTC)

DJ Hoodie
Clearly a hoax. No results on google, just some stuff related to clothing called a "DJ hoodie". CryptoDerk 21:55, August 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per nom. Groeck 22:06, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unverified/hoax. -- Etacar11   03:02, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete quickly as per nominator. Hall Monitor 22:48, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Mall Taman Anggrek

Taman Anggrek Mall (Mal Taman Anggrek; literally "Orchid Garden Mall"), commonly known as Mall Taman Anggrek, abbreviated as MTA, is a shopping mall in Grogol Petamburan, West Jakarta, Indonesia. The mall is named after a real orchid garden within the now-demolished Orchid Hotel site, which occupied the building site prior to construction; that orchid garden has since been relocated near Taman Mini Indonesia Indah.

The retail podium was the largest shopping center in Southeast Asia when it first opened in 1996, up until the opening of Berjaya Times Square in Kuala Lumpur in 2003. It remains one of the largest malls in Indonesia. The mall is nestled within eight condominium towers and its Plaza Level (PL), known as the Taman Anggrek Condominium. The mall houses more than 500 specialized stores, spread within seven floors. The mall has a gross leasable area (lettable retail space) of 110000 sqm and a total building area of 360000 sqm.

Throughout the complex, there are more than 20 exhibition areas, including an 800 sqm center atrium which hosts major events and exhibitions, such as the ASEAN Countdown 2000. The mall also boasts Southeast Asia's oldest running indoor ice rink, the 1248 sqm sized Skyrink Jakarta, which was officially opened on August 20, 1997. Taman Anggrek also hosts a 8675.3 sqm LED facade, which once held the Guinness World Record for the world's largest illuminated LED facade when completed in 2012. In January 2017, MTA was also recognized by Forbes as one of the top shopping malls in Jakarta.

During its inception in 1994, the Indonesian-based Mulia Group under Mulialand entered a joint venture with Peter Gontha's PT Sinar Estetika and Titiek Soeharto's PT Maharani Paramitra to create Mulia Intipelangi, Mulialand's subsidiary as well as developer/manager of the Taman Anggrek complex. The Taman Anggrek complex, both condominiums, and mall, was designed by Altoon + Porter Architects (now Stir Architecture).

In 2022, to replace several departing major and small retailers (like Metro Department Store, Zara, Gramedia, and Sephora), MTA welcomed 3 anchor tenants and several other replacement tenants - such as IKEA, the returning Matahari, and Electronic City. IKEA debuted their first city store concept in Indonesia in a 9400 sqm space covering two floors (level 3 and 4) and housing 3 food & beverage concepts (Restoran Swedia, Kafe Swedia, and Bistro Swedia), groundbreaking on 28 October 2021 and grand opening on 7 April 2022. Matahari Department Store officially returned on Thursday, 14 April 2022.

Current tenants
Anchor Tenants: IKEA (L3-L4), Matahari (UG-L1), Fitness First (L4-P6), Cinema XXI (L3-L4), Decathlon (L1), Uniqlo (UG), Ace Hardware (L2), Hero Supermarket (P2), Skyrink Jakarta (L3)

Major Specialty Tenants: Electronic City (G), Playfield Preschool & Kids Academy (G), Nano Healthy Family (G), KKV (L2), Sports Station (L1), Erafone (L3), Planet Sports (L1), Batik Keris (G), Mothercare & Early Learning Centre (L2), Toys Kingdom (L1), Miniso (G)

Major Entertainment Tenants: Fun World (L3), Apple Bee Kids Playground (L2), Cocoland X (G)

Major Food & Beverage Tenants: LimaLima Food Court, Haidilao

Retail Tenants: Adidas, Arena, Crocs, Kettler, Polo, Puma, Skechers, The Athlete's Foot, Mondial Jewelers, Frank & Co., The Palace National Jeweler, Belva Jewellery, Emperor Jewellery, MBJewellery, Glory Jewellery, Golden Eiffel, Logam Tunggal, Swan Jewellery, Swing Watch, Optik Melawai Gallery, Optik Seis, Optik Tunggal, Kosé, L'Occitane en Provence, Nature Republic, The Body Shop, Martha Tilaar Shop, Asus - Microsoft, Huawei, Samsung Experience Shop, Vivo, Digimap, Guardian, GNC, Watsons, Century Healthcare, Ariston, Rinnai, Simmons & Airland, Cellini Design Center, Saint James Hankook Ceramic, Sleep & Co., Sleep Center, Tecnogas, EF English First, Hyundai City Store, etc.

Food & Beverage Tenants: Starbucks, Din Tai Fung Chef's Table, Pizza Hut, Yoshinoya, Bee Cheng Hiang, KOI Thé, Fore Coffee, Baskin-Robbins, A&W, KFC, Saint Cinnamon, Monsieur Spoon, Acaii Tea, Bakmi GM, Fiesta Steak, D'Crepes, Sate Khas Senayan, Ramen Seirock-ya, Steak 21 Buffet, Sushi Hiro, Ta Wan, Toast Box, Old Town White Coffee, Tous Les Jours, etc.

Former tenants
Alongside current tenants, MTA has had an array of former tenants in different specialties since its opening in 1996, such as former anchors JCPenney Collections (international franchise of JCPenney) from 1996 to late 1997, the now-defunct middle-end Rimo Department Store flagship from 1996 to 2006 (occupying two levels first before expanding into three levels in 1999), and Marks & Spencer was also an anchor in the mall when it first opened with a 3000-square-meter flagship store (the largest store in Asia) that closed in 1999 in the midst of Mark & Spencer's switch of Indonesian franchisee, before moving into a two-level store in 2001, downsizing in the late 2000s, and finally closing in the mid-2010s. Local middle-low clothing store Pojok Busana also enjoyed its presence as an anchor, from 1996 until the early 2000s. The Gramedia bookstore closed its Taman Anggrek anchor space in 2020, after opening in 1999, while Metro Department Store closed its Taman Anggrek anchor space in January 2022 (after downsizing their store in 2018), 20 years after its opening in February 2002.

Aside from the former anchors, there were also multiple entertainment vendors which had opened in MTA, such as the SS Dunia Main Sega arcade, Timezone (which from 1996 until 2018 opened in various locations within the mall, such as inside Megakidz and in two separate levels), the Inul Vizta Karaoke bar, and two children daycares, Gymboree and Tumble Tots. Laser Quest is also noted to have once opened an outlet in the mall, along with a virtual reality center during the 1990s. More recently, the children's playground Little Boss Play & Eat has closed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Alongside the former anchors and entertainment, vendors were multiple major specialty stores, such as the Furnicenter, Agis Elektronik, Toko Gunung Agung, Karisma Modern Bookshop, Electronic Solution, and Tarra Megastore (a record shop that occasionally hosted press conferences for international artists coming to Jakarta, such as Stephen Gately in July 2000 and the A1 boyband in March 2001). More notable major tenants were the Warner Bros. Studio Store (which opened in January 1997), a Toyota showroom, a Mercedes-Benz showroom, Mango, La Senza, Zara (their first store in West Jakarta when it opened in 2006), and Sephora (opening in 2016 and closing late 2021).

Numerous international labels ranging from middle to upper segments have also opened in MTA, such as Tirta (casualwear collection of Iwan Tirta), Replay Country Store, Club Monaco, BOSS Hugo Boss, Aigner, Inscription Sonia Rykiel, Lacoste, Folli Follie, Mandarina Duck, Springfield Menswear, Linea Pelle, Chomel, Benetton, Paul Smith, Aldo, Guess, Guess Accessories, Ellesse Italia, Levi's, Clarks, Nine West, OshKosh B'gosh, Timberland, Rockport, Ocean Pacific, O'Neill, Pony International, Royal Elastics, Quiksilver, Chicco, Yves Rocher, Bata, Crocodile, VNC (Indonesian retailer of Vincci), Swatch, Steve Madden, Charles & Keith (one of their first two international boutiques when opening in 1998), Pedro, Tracce, and Everbest. Many fast fashion brands have also opened up shop throughout the years, such as Bossini, Esprit, Next, G2000, and U2. Many of these labels were flagship stores (such as Guess and Charles & Keith) and first stores in Indonesia (such as Inscription Sonia Rykiel, Mandarina Duck, O'Neill, Rockport, Pony International, Royal Elastics, VNC, and more).

Aside from specialty shops, many local and international food outlets have opened in MTA. La Brioche Dorée, Pizza Del Arte, Hartz Chicken Buffet, Samudra Seafood & Suki Restaurant are some of the 97 original food-and-beverage outlets which opened during Mall Taman Anggrek's early years of operations. Sizzler (later renamed American Grill due to an expired franchise license), Subway, HokBen, Da Niang Dumpling, Thai Express, Nando's, Jollibee, Popeyes, McDonald's, Eaton, Yogen Früz, Dunkin' Donuts, Arby's, Wendy's, and Nando's have also once opened an outlet here.

History of Matahari Group at Mall Taman Anggrek
The Indonesian retail holding group, Matahari Department Store Tbk., has a lengthy history with MTA. Located at the North Wing of the mall, their first two concepts in the mall were first opened on 19 October 1996 - the Galeria Department Store and MegaKids. Dedicated to upper-end customers with a collection of brands such as Kenzo and Balenciaga, the 11.967 sqm, three-leveled Galeria store was located on the ground floor to the first floor of the mall - which also had a separate lobby. MegaKids, a children's goods megastore located on the second floor (right above Galeria), had fashion merchandise for children with in-house brands such as Little M and toys, along with a Timezone arcade (their first location in the mall before moving to the former SS Mega Dunia Main Sega on the third floor and opening another outlet that was more kids-oriented on the second floor), a Laser Quest, and an Alfa Zona soft-play playground - all in a 4557 sqm space. Another children's good store concept by Matahari, Kids2Kids, also opened a store in the mall's ground floor. Galeria and Mega M rebranded as Matahari, with all remaining outlets throughout Sumatera and Java being converted to the Matahari brand by 2003, but the Galeria and Megakidz brands continued to operate as such in MTA.

Both Galeria and Megakidz were then redesigned as the upmarket Parisian Department Store in 2007, with a grand opening celebration held on 18 March 2008. The Parisian Department Store contained many luxury beauty and fashion brands, mostly coming from South Korea, Brazil, Malaysia, Thailand, and Hongkong - such as La Mer, Sulwhasoo, Tara Jarmon, Rock & Republic, Triumph, It. Michaa, Jack n Jill, Line by Lynn, Kenneth Lady, Poleci, Chaps, Phenomenal, Mocca, J-West, and Rabeanco. However, the Parisian concept didn't last long, as it saw the dilution of the Parisian brand into Matahari Department Store's New Generation concept, following its opening at Supermall Karawaci and Pluit Village in 2008. The store eventually closed on 3 December 2017, and MTA renovated the space alongside the upper levels of the mall's north wing, with Haidilao, IKEA, and various F&B and lifestyle tenants filling it.

In 2022, Matahari announced their return to MTA, replacing Metro Department Store. Their new concept store in MTA has a new 'flagship signature' concept, and opened on 14 April 2022. The 8200 sqm leased space has retail space of around 7835 sqm and houses 200 brands, featuring high-end to middle-end cosmetics, fragrances, and lotion skincare, with a corner curated by local multi-brand cosmetics store Sociolla. Their new space also takes over space formerly occupied by Guess Accessories, Swatch, and other tenants. Since its opening, MTA became a place for Matahari to conduct events, including its 2022 lucky draw on 24 June and recently, Matahari's new logo launch on 8 October.

MSC 2017
The MTA hosted all fourteen matches of MLBB Southeast Asia Cup dubbed "Five-Nations Finals" in 2017. The first-ever official on-stage international MLBB tournament took place in the atrium area of the mall. JKT48 performed songs as entertainment in between matches.

VCL 2023
The MTA hosted ten matches of Valorant Challengers 2023: Indonesia Split 2 as part of Valorant Challengers League in 2023. The atrium area served as the stage of playoff phase dubbed "Main Event" of the first official on-stage Valorant tournament in Indonesia. The stage event was organized by One Up Organizer and sponsored by YOU•C1000.

Awards
World's Largest LED Illuminated Facade – Guinness World Records

International Council of Shopping Centers (ICSC) Global Awards 2014 – Finalist

International Council of Shopping Centers (ICSC) Global Awards 2013 – Finalist

title: Mall Taman Anggrek


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Lake Marathon

Lake Marathon or the Marathon Reservoir (Greek: Λίμνη Μαραθώνος [Limni Marathónos] or Λίμνη Μαραθώνα [Limni Marathóna]) is a man-made water supply reservoir formed from the construction of Marathon Dam at the junction of Charadros and Varnavas Torrents near the town of Marathon, Greece. It was the primary water supply for Athens from 1931, when it became operational, until 1959. In 1959 water from Lake Yliki became available, and water from Mornos Reservoir became available in 1981.

The area of the lake at the height of the spillway of the dam is 2.45 square kilometres, the maximum depth is 54 m, the lake concentrates water from a drainage basin of 118 square kilometres with an average runoff of 14,400,000 m³ per year in an average rainfall of 580 mm per year, the average inbound volume is 12,000,000 m³ per year and the maximum reservoir capacity is  41,000,000 m³ (effective volume 34,000,000 m³).

The dam has a maximum height (from foundation to crest) of 54 m, a maximum width of 28 m at the base and 4.5 m at the crest. Its length is 285 m. The crest is 227 m above sea level, the toe is 173 m above sea level, and the spillway is 223 m above sea level. The spillway disgorges 520 m³/s. The dam is constructed from concrete and is a gravity dam. It is unique worldwide because its external cladding of white pentelikon marble is the same marble used in construction of the Parthenon and the other buildings in the Acropolis. The dam was constructed by the American firm ULEN (which had, in a BOT type contract, the ownership of the water supply company of Athens until 1974). It was constructed to meet the increased water demand caused by the rapid population increase in the Athens area following the huge influx of refugees from Asia Minor during and after the end of Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922). The construction lasted from 1926 to 1929.

title: Lake Marathon


text:
User talk:Sombra14412

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If you have any questions, feel free to ask me on my talk page. Thanks and happy editing, Alf 21:55, 29 August 2005 (UTC).

title: User talk:Sombra14412


text:
Talk:I/O (Peter Gabriel album)

Sources?
What is the source(s) of this track information? - Steven 21:55, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

And what is the source(s) of the information regarding the rumour that this may be Gabriel's last solo album? - Steven 22:13, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

What is the source that Steve Gadd will be working on this album? --StareGirl 07:43, 3 January 2006 (UTC)

Merge with Input/Output
This should be merged with "Input/Output (Album)". The Myst 05:48, 13 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Someone apparently already did this. – IbLeo (talk) 15:39, 30 January 2010 (UTC)

Same as Big Blue Ball?
Is this the same album now known to be called Big Blue Ball or a different project? Either way, both articles should clearly state the answer. Also, if the latter, is I/O confirmed to be the title or is it simply a working title? I thought it was the latter but the article states straight out that it is the title. 66.60.238.109 22:37, 1 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Yes, I would like the answer to that as well! I raised the same question on the "Talk" page of the main Pter Gabriel article a little while back and no one has responded yet.  :-(  211.26.1.82 10:23, 8 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Big Blue Ball is a different album, released in 2008. – IbLeo (talk) 15:39, 30 January 2010 (UTC)

Needs to Be Updated
Now that Scratch My Back has been released, the article needs to be updated. -- I'm Jake9 "Da' Pie!" 19:35, 21 February 2010 (UTC)

delete article
This article should be deleted. For many years, I/O was simply the possible working title of a Peter Gabriel album. However, as Gabriel has so many songs in storage, and as of 2012 is working on brand new material (according to his video blogs), there is no indication that he will ever release an album called I/O. This article is essentially a vague interpretation of bits of news, gossip, and assumptions, clustered together as if it was a definitive plan for an album project that Gabriel has obviously no clear intention of completing and releasing. Valid details about Gabriel's work process from this period can be relocated to the Peter Gabriel article page, but there is no mention on Gabriel's official website that he is working on an album called I/O anymore. In an interview in Rolling Stone in Oct 2011, he stated that the I/O project was simply a set of song ideas he had been working on, rather than something he intended to finish and release. 88.104.25.229 (talk) 19:09, 1 April 2012 (UTC)
 * Two years later, article still here but rarely edited. Nominated to AFD. 88.104.19.85 (talk) 17:37, 14 May 2014 (UTC)

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Keep article or redirect?
A few weeks ago the page became a redirect due to an AfD, which effectively became worthless once the album and tour was officially announced. There's no apparent reason why it shouldn't stay. Usernameofarat (talk) 01:33, 11 November 2022 (UTC)

Album confirmed?
Set for release on January 6 is a single entitled "Panopticom (Bright Side Mix)" whose cover art includes the title "i/o" (stylized as such). Spotify link here: https://open.spotify.com/album/3GNMqTdpaUO3wcmtFLT9yo

So with a single confirmed for release that virtually confirms a new album entitled i/o is on the way, should this article be reinstated? Or at least, does the topic deserve an article yet at all (whether it be the original or a rewrite). Elephantranges (talk) 18:39, 5 January 2023 (UTC)

 * Yes, the album was also officially announced alongside a tour last month. The deletion nomination is no longer relevant, so I vote to reinstate the article. Usernameofarat (talk) 20:09, 8 January 2023 (UTC)

 * The discussion for i/o's 2nd nomination for deletion took place just a few weeks before the announcement of the i/o tour and album. Within the discussion, Superastig stated that "Anyone is free to restore the article once the album has received enough coverage." At this point, we have confirmation that several singles from the album will be released every full moon, although we have yet to receive an official release date or track listing. Once a release date and/or track listing is announced, I will certainly support the reinstatement of this article. I can even be convinced to reinstate the article now given that the Panopticom single already has its own page. Dobbyelf62 (talk) 03:36, 9 January 2023 (UTC)

I would agree, not necessarily just because it’s been announced or had singles released from it, but because of its release method – with the way things are going, it seems like PG intends on releasing the tracks one by one as he has with the three that are currently out, rather than releasing the full album at once. I admittedly can’t confirm that, but I feel that we’re at the point where i/o can reasonably be considered an established, current, ongoing project that deserves its own article. Thoughts? —Elephantranges (talk) 01:51, 8 March 2023 (UTC)

 * Yes, at this point, I would support the reinstatement of the article for the reasons listed above. Dobbyelf62 (talk) 18:39, 19 March 2023 (UTC)

Wrong linking in Wikidata
In Wikidata the redirect is linked to all other language versions of the article I/O (album). How can I change it? Urmelbeauftragter (talk) 14:19, 28 October 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:I/O (Peter Gabriel album)


text:
Grafarvogur

Grafarvogur is among the largest residential districts of Reykjavík, Iceland. It is a relatively new neighbourhood and is located in eastern most side of Reykjavík, major construction began in the late 1980s and continued well into the 1990s.

Neighbourhoods
The district includes 15 neighbourhoods: Hamrar, Foldir , Hús , Rimar , Borgir , Víkur , Engi , Spöng , Staðir , Höfðar , Bryggjuhverfi , Geirsnef , Gufunes , keldur, and Geldinganes. Of those, five (Rimar, Hamrar, Borgir, Víkur and Foldir) fall within the boundaries of historic Gufunes estate.

Shopping
Grafarvogur currently has one medium-sized shopping centre called Spöngin. It's not a mall in itself but a cluster of stores, Hagkaup being the largest. Also, there are small clusters of stores in Hverafold, by Víkurvegur and Langirimi Streets. Those are much smaller and contain only a few stores, the supermarkets being the largest of the few.

title: Grafarvogur


text:
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title: Wikipedia:Copyrights/e


text:
Talk:Soviet Republic of Naissaar

Arbitrary section break
Anthem, capital, etc. (if they ever formally existed for this proto-state) should come from verifiable sources, not by pure speculation. Most external links were removed, as they are not directly relevant to this article, but could/should go under the article about the island of Naissaar. Cheers, --3 Löwi 21:58, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

Its impossible for them to have used the syndicalist red and black flag since it originated in the spanish civil war some years later NoJoyInMudville 05:13, 4 September 2006 (UTC)

This seems more like a joke, it´s not a real article.
 * It may be a part of a larger orchestrated POVFORK. See below. Digwuren 19:18, 17 May 2007 (UTC)

Area
I changed the area from 18, 54 to 18.54km2, which seems resemeble and in-line with anglo-saxon numberical notation. --Mr Minchin 21:55, 4 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Should add a space between figure and unit, too. 62.48.171.17 19:06, 5 December 2006 (UTC)

Links to other languages
This page still links to both the equivalent article in Breton and German, and to a different article (Naissaar island proper) in Estonian, Dutch, Norwegian, Finnish and Swedish. Wouldn't this create a linking conflict? 62.48.171.17 19:10, 5 December 2006 (UTC)

WP:POVFORK
This article seems to be a part of the WP:POVFORK series that included Republic of Estonia (1990-1991) and Estonian SSR (independent), both deleted by now, and includes Estland, which is yet to be deleted. Digwuren 19:18, 17 May 2007 (UTC)

 * I don't know, perhaps just clean it up. Interesting tidbit of history, that wouldn't fit to any other article except as a footnote. DLX 03:31, 25 May 2007 (UTC)

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Un-merging
I have forked the article, since it exists in other languages including Estonian and Russian, but there's no link from those to here. The data on the infobox has been taken from those, and the bulk of the article comes from the Naissar page. — Preceding unsigned comment added by JovianArchiver (talk • contribs) 11:32, 5 October 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Soviet Republic of Naissaar


text: User talk:68.21.6.1

title: User talk:68.21.6.1


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title: User talk:69.211.111.231


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User:Jpgordon/monobook.css

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2005 AFL finals series

The Australian Football League's 2005 finals series began on the weekend of 2 September 2005 and ended with the 109th AFL Grand Final at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on 24 September 2005. The Sydney Swans defeated West Coast, breaking their record 72-year drought between premierships. The top eight teams on the home and away rounds (regular season) ladder qualify for the Finals Series.

Ladder
Separated only by percentage Adelaide (minor premier) and West Coast topped the ladder (W-L: 17–5), trailed by third placed Sydney (15–7). The matchups for the first round of finals were only set after all matches of the final home-and-away game had been completed.

The finals system
The system is a final eight system. This system is different from the McIntyre final eight system, which was previously used by the AFL, and was used by the National Rugby League until 2012.

The top four teams in the eight receive what is popularly known as the "double chance" when they play in week-one qualifying finals; this means that if a top-four team loses in the first week, it still has a chance to redeem itself by getting a chance to play in a semi-final the next week against the winner of an elimination final. The bottom four of the eight are forced to play what are called elimination finals, in which only the winners survive and move on to week two to play the losers of the qualifying finals.

In the second week, the winners of the qualifying finals receive a bye to the third week, while the losers of those qualifying finals must play the winners of the elimination finals for a chance to play the qualifying finals winners. Home-ground advantage goes to the team with the higher seed.

In the third week, the winners of the semi-finals from week two play the winners of the qualifying finals in the first week, with the latter receiving home-ground advantage. The winners of those matches move on to the Grand Final at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Melbourne, where the new premier will be crowned.

The favourites for the 2005 Grand Final were Adelaide, St Kilda, Sydney and West Coast.

8TeamBracket-PagePlayoff|RD2-RD3-cross=y|team-width=150 Explained (AFL.com.au)

Scorecard
Sydney entered the game as the in form team of the competition. West Coast topped the ladder most of the season, and were only denied the minor premiership on percentage. The Eagles led the game most of the first half, but the Swans appeared to be marching onward to victory by taking control of the third quarter. In a foreshadowing of things to come, West Coast responded by taking control of the fourth quarter. Two controversial fourth quarter umpiring decisions against Sydney hurt their cause. Even more damaging were two late marks in defence by Eagle Dean Cox snubbing Swan attempts to kick a game winner.

Scorecard
A thrilling victory for Sydney, and a heartbreaking loss for Geelong. The game seemed decided, with Geelong ahead by 23 points early in the final quarter - Sydney needed four goals to win, and had kicked only three for the night. But the Swans did come back, with Nick Davis kicking all four of the final quarter goals, including the game-winner with less than ten seconds remaining.

Scorecard
Sydney opened the game strongly, but once St. Kilda righted their effort they took the lead and steadily built upon it. Leading by 15 points midway through the third quarter, the Saints were on the verge of putting the game out of reach but they were unable to match Sydney's endurance. In the final quarter the Swans blew the game out of reach by kicking seven un-answered goals.

The Swans' win reversed two heavy losses to the Saints within the past twelve months, the latter of which proved to be a major turning point in their 2005 season.

title: 2005 AFL finals series


text:
Neo (magazine)

NEO is a monthly magazine published in the United Kingdom and Ireland by Uncooked Media. The magazine focuses on various aspects of East Asian entertainment, such as Japanese anime and manga, East Asian cinema, cosplay, music, and more.

History
NEO was founded by editor Stu Taylor and designer Claire Trent, and originally had the working title of Sushi-Ya. NEO was influenced by magazines such as Newtype and Pulp, the latter of which featured editorials on film, books, music, and columns on Japanese culture as well as serialised comics. The first issue of NEO went on sale on 25 November 2004. The current logo was adopted on the magazine's 9th issue, which was designed by Terratag. In August 2016, for the magazines 153rd issue, the layout was changed to a larger A4 size. The new staple bound larger format allows posters to be placed in the magazine. In March 2020, the magazine went on hiatus due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It resumed publication in June 2020.

Format
NEO primarily features editorials on anime and East Asian cinema, while also featuring interviews with creators, Asian music such as J-pop and K-pop, UK release schedules, reviews, tourism in Japan, OEL manga extracts and an anime and manga cosplay photo gallery.

NEO Awards
NEO has run an annual UK-based industry awards since 2005. Readers are encouraged to vote for the best in Asian pop culture, from anime, manga, film and music. Eligible titles must have been released in the UK in the past 12 months, and the winners are announced at MCM London Comic Con.

Staff
NEO's staff includes editor Gemma Cox and contributions from Jonathan Clements, Emily Lovell, Andrew Osmond, David West, Mark Guthrie, and Tom Smith.

title: Neo (magazine)


text:
Talk:Harvard College

Harvard University and the Adams family

 * Samuel Adams, Class of 1740
 * John Adams, Class of 1755
 * John Quincy Adams, Class of 1788
 * Charles Adams (1770–1800), Class of 1789
 * George Washington Adams, Class of 1821
 * John Adams II, expelled prior to 1823 graduation
 * Charles Francis Adams, Sr., Class of 1825
 * Henry Brooks Adams, Class of 1858
 * Roger Adams, Class of 1909 —Preceding unsigned comment added by 134.53.145.72 (talk) 00:27, 17 July 2008 (UTC)

 * Why does this list appear on the Talk page? It ought to be in the article. Valetude (talk) 10:42, 17 November 2018 (UTC)

First Indian in the colonial period
Twenty-three years later, in 1665, Caleb Cheeshahteaumuck, "from the Wampanoag...did graduate from Harvard, the first Indian to do so in the colonial period".[1]

I think he was just "the first Indian to do so.[period]" The phrase 'in the colonial period' would only make sense if there was some history prior to the colonial period and therefore the citation needed qualification. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.105.72.67 (talk) 20:46, 1 November 2010 (UTC)

Material salvaged from John Harvard (clergyman)
I've removed this material from John Harvard because it's not really about the man but about the school. Maybe it will be of use here.

 * In honor of this gift, the New College at nearby Cambridge, which had been founded on 1636 and to his friend, the first schoolmaster of this college, Nathaniel Eaton. Eaton's records indicate that the building of the new college began immediately in 1638 with the assistance of the carpenter Thomas Meakins and/or his son, Thomas Meakins, Jr. of Charlestown. It was completely constructed of wood, with a stone foundation and cellar, had its own apple orchard, and was apparently equipped with live-in accommodations for some 30 students, as there were at least that many attendant within the first year.

 * The school was renamed "Harvard College" on March 13, 1639. Harvard was first referred to as a university rather than a college by the new Massachusetts Constitution of 1780.

 * The College's Harvard Hall burned in 1764, destroying all but one of Harvard's original 400-volume donation.

— Preceding unsigned comment added by EEng (talk • contribs) 00:32, 20 September 2011 (UTC)

Material removed from Harvard University
This edit reflects my removal, from Harvard University, of an enormous block of text headed "student activities", giving one or two sentences on each of dozens of student groups. Aside from the drearily superlative tone (oldest, largest, premeire, oldest, largest, premeire.. OK, OK!) this material is too detailed for any kind of list-in-main-article-of-things-which-have-their-own-articles i.e. it doesn't belong here at Harvard College much less at Harvard University, but in articles on the individual groups. (A spotcheck suggests that most or all of this material is already in those articles alrady.) — Preceding unsigned comment added by EEng (talk • contribs) 19:03, 5 October 2011 (UTC)

No more House Masters, now Heads of House, right?
The article still says that each House has a "Master", but I am reasonably sure they changed the title to "Head of House". Right? Source: Original research, but this was a big deal. 146.115.179.89 (talk) 23:05, 4 September 2016 (UTC)

 * "Faculty Dean". Been meaning to get around to this. Stand by. (I probably won't have the energy to do the various individual House articles, so feel free to pitch in.) Honestly I have to wonder if they've got their thinking caps on in University Hall, since a while ago they renamed Allston Burr Senior Tutors to Resident Deans, so now each house now has a Faculty Dean and a Resident Dean, and guess what -- they're both "resident" in the house.  E Eng  00:56, 5 September 2016 (UTC)

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Category discussion
Editors here may perhaps be interested in the discussion at Categories for discussion/Log/2017 December 30. --Tryptofish (talk) 22:02, 30 December 2017 (UTC)

 * It really would be helpful to have input from editors who actually understand how the College works. --Tryptofish (talk) 20:30, 3 January 2018 (UTC)

 * This discussion has been reopened at Talk:The Harvard Crimson. --Tryptofish (talk) 23:13, 10 January 2018 (UTC)

 * And now, the same categories are being discussed yet again, at Categories for discussion/Log/2020 January 2. --Tryptofish (talk) 20:59, 3 January 2020 (UTC)

Bringing Notable alumni under control
I'm probably going to regret this, but does anyone want to help come up with an inclusion criterion? EEng 17:00, 27 June 2020 (UTC)

 * I agree that the section needs a complete overhaul and I trust your judgment in doing so. I strongly recommend that the section be rewritten as prose to provide readers with more context. I also caution anyone who rewrites this section to not use language that suggests that Harvard College is responsible for or can take significant credit for the success of people who have been associated with the institution; unless there is specific evidence that supports that assertion for particular people, it's POV (and likely untrue as it seems highly likely that most or all of these people would have found similar success if they went elsewhere). ElKevbo (talk) 21:36, 27 June 2020 (UTC)

 * Yes, but would they still be the kind of beautiful souls Harvard produces, like Jared Kushner?
 * Rewriting as prose is probably beyond what I've got in me for an initial effort. I'll be happy to just cut the list in half. But what the criteria should be I just can't think. For 90% of schools you could comfortably list all alumni whom WP considers notable, but that's no help at all here. In my desperate moment I sometimes think we should start by saying no one gets listed unless they're dead. Wait, I have an idea: maybe their article readership should be at least X/yr? Crass, perhaps, but not completely crazy. EEng 23:08, 27 June 2020 (UTC)

Benazir Bhutto
I note that Benazir Bhutto is listed as an alumna of the College in this article. She got here degree from Radcliffe in 1973. I'm not sure how this is handled what with the semi-merger of Radcliffe and Harvard in 1977. Attic Salt (talk) 01:27, 5 October 2020 (UTC)

Discussion at Talk:Harvard University § Some substantial category cleanup needed
You are invited to join the discussion at Talk:Harvard University § Some substantial category cleanup needed. {{u| Sdkb  }}  talk 23:09, 3 December 2020 (UTC)

Admissions case
We've got an editor repeatedly inserting a standalone section on the recent admissions ruling. There's no more reason to include this than any of literally hundreds of important cases Harvard's been involved with over the centuries, and the ruling reflects more on the Supreme Court and its justices than it does on Harvard, which just happened to be the defendant. If we want to start highlighting legal cases with long-term consequences, we should probably start with The Charity of Edward Hopkins and Sacco and Vanzetti. EEng 08:04, 30 June 2023 (UTC)
 * Are you an employee or an admissions officer at Harvard College protecting the image of the Wikipedia article? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 122.171.23.163 (talk) 08:17, 30 June 2023 (UTC)
 * No. Are you a random person dropping in to add the latest blip on the screen to the article on a 400-year-old institution? See WP:RECENTISM, WP:NOTNEWS. EEng 08:28, 30 June 2023 (UTC)
 * Why are you acting like one? Harvard President-elect Claudine Gay announced that the university will comply with the court's decision. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 122.171.23.163 (talk) 08:30, 30 June 2023 (UTC)
 * Then that's all the more reason not to mention it. If Gay had indicated that Harvard would not be complying, then that might be worth mentioning. EEng 19:27, 27 April 2024 (UTC)

Affirmative Action - Harvard College loses in Supreme Court | Must be included in main article

 * Harvard consistently rated Asian-American applicants lower than others on traits like “positive personality,” likability, courage, kindness and being “widely respected,” according to an analysis of more than 160,000 student records filed Friday by a group representing Asian-American students in a lawsuit against the university. (https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/15/us/harvard-asian-enrollment-applicants.html)
 * Asian-Americans scored higher than applicants of any other racial or ethnic group on admissions measures like test scores, grades and extracurricular activities, according to the analysis commissioned by a group that opposes all race-based admissions criteria. But the students’ personal ratings significantly dragged down their chances of being admitted.
 * In June 2023, the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that race-conscious admission policies of Harvard College violate the Constitution, the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. This overturns all intents and purposes the high court’s 2003 ruling in Grutter v. Bollinger, which found that colleges could consider race as one factor in the admissions process to achieve a diverse student body.
 * The decision marks a departure from about 45 years of precedent for upholding affirmative action. The term dates back to a 1961 executive order from John F. Kennedy to “take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed, and that employees are treated during employment, without regard to their race, creed, color or national origin.”
 * Georgetown University ran simulations to see what would happen if race was removed from college admissions. They found that a national ban would require "a fundamental redesign of the college admissions system," which would include eliminating legacy and athletic recruitment, among other things. So this then affects Harvard College in a whole way.
 * Vijay Chokalingam (Mindy Kaling's brother), an Asian (Indian) American posed as Black to Get into Medical School. He did a racist experiment to prove what was going on in university admissions. (https://www.bostonmagazine.com/health/2015/04/06/mindy-kalings-brother-posed-as-a-black-man-to-get-into-med-school/)

-- Foregoing unsigned

Barack Obama missing in list of Notable Alumni
Was viewing the list of notable alumni and noticed the names of former US Presidents: two Adams, two Roosevelts, one Kennedy and what jumped out in a most glaring fashion was the absence of the name Obama. Dante02128 (talk) 18:37, 25 August 2023 (UTC)

 * Obama isn't an alumnus of Harvard College. AJD (talk) 21:49, 25 August 2023 (UTC)
 * I believe I was on the Harvard University page, and not the Harvard College page. If my error, apologies. I often keep multiple tabs open.
 * The Harvard College page has a list of names. The Harvard University page has a list plus photos. I know I was on the page with photos. Thank you for your reply.
 * D Dante02128 (talk) 23:07, 7 September 2023 (UTC)

"New College" (again)
Per the discussion at Talk:Harvard_University/Archive_9, and in particular the complete lack of evidence in the fundamental works on Harvard history and the definitive counter-statement at, I've again removed the nonsense about the college having been originally named "New College". Unsourced offhand statements in nonspecialist sources don't rate. EEng 23:30, 30 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Harvard College


text: User talk:195.245.89.185

title: User talk:195.245.89.185


text:
Herbert Roper Barrett

Herbert Roper Barrett, KC (24 November 1873 – 27 July 1943) was a tennis player from Great Britain.

Biography
Barrett was born on 24 November 1873 in Upton, Essex.

At the London Olympics in 1908 Barrett won a gold medal in the men's indoor doubles event with Arthur Gore. They also won the doubles in Wimbledon in 1909. In 1912 and 1913 he won the Wimbledon doubles title with Charles Dixon.

He played his first Wimbledon singles' competition in 1898, reaching the second round in which he lost to eventual finalist Laurence Doherty. In 1908 he reached the All comers final, beating Anthony Wilding and Major Ritchie before losing in five sets to Arthur Gore. In 1909 he beat James Cecil Parke and Friedrich Rahe before losing to Ritchie in the all comers final. He achieved his best Wimbledon singles result in 1911 when he beat Parke and Gordon Lowe before winning the All-Comers final against compatriot Charles P. Dixon. In the Challenge Round against Anthony Wilding from New Zealand, Roper Barrett had to retire at the start of the fifth set. Over the following years he would make regular appearances at Wimbledon until his final participation in 1921.

He participated in the first Davis Cup in 1900 and was the non-playing captain of the winning British Davis Cup team in 1933.

His most successful tournament wins were at the Suffolk Championships at Saxmundham which he won 17 times between 1898 and 1921, he reached 18 finals there and won the tournament 14 consecutive times between 1904 and 1921 all three values are all-time records at a single tournament. He won the Essex Championships 13 times (1897-1898, 1899, 1901, 1906, 1908, 1910, 1912), and also won the East of England Championships 6 times (1897-1899, 1901-1902, 1910). He died on 27 July 1943.

title: Herbert Roper Barrett


text:
Solomon Riemann

Solomon Reimann (died c. 1873) was a European Jewish traveler. An account of his travels, Mas'ot Shelomoh, based on Riemann's own notes, was written by Wolf Schur and published in 1884.

title: Solomon Riemann


text:
Talk:Ice-nine

Removed section: Other fields
Mike Rosoft (talk) 10:37, 12 January 2014 (UTC)
 * In Biology prions are linked conceptually to Ice-nine (which is often used as a fictional example of prions in the classroom). This is because prions and Ice-nine are both self-propagating alternate forms of a material (water in the case of ice-nine and a protein in the case of prions)

Copyvio
Hi, I just paraphrased the copyrighted text in the article. Unfortunately, there is no way to RD1 the revisions without removing attribution to various contributors: The quote had existed since at least 2011 but had been tagged only in July 2017. LaundryPizza03 (talk) 10:51, 14 January 2018 (UTC)

The Refuge (The Outer Limits)
A Lik to The Refuge (The Outer Limits) may be interesting, there ICE 9 ist also used (without naming it thus) --2003:F1:33CD:BA71:493D:50E7:64CF:DB7D (talk) 23:16, 27 February 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ice-nine


text: User talk:68.209.171.132

title: User talk:68.209.171.132


text:
Charles Herbert Mackintosh

The Honourable Charles Herbert Mackintosh (May 13, 1843 – December 22, 1931) was a Canadian journalist and author, newspaper owner and editor, and politician. He served as mayor of Ottawa from 1879 to 1881, represented the City of Ottawa as a Liberal-Conservative Member of Parliament in the House of Commons of Canada from 1882 to 1887, and from 1890 to 1893, and served as Lieutenant Governor of the North-West Territories from 1893 to 1898, as it underwent a major transition toward responsible government.

A document commissioned by the Alberta Legislative Assembly states: "Mackintosh was one of three Lieutenant Governors of the jurisdictional antecedents of the Province of Alberta to serve in the capacity of mayor prior to being appointed to the North-West Territories’ Vice-Regal Office. It was largely due to his efforts that a very successful Dominion Territorial Exhibition was held in Regina in 1895. Mackintosh was 50 years of age at the time of his swearing-in as Lieutenant Governor."

Family Background and Aristocratic Lineage
Mackintosh was born in London, Canada West, on May 13, 1843, into the family of Leonora Raffles Dickenson and Captain William Mackintosh (b. ca.1809) of Wicklow, Ireland, an officer posted to Canada with the British Army's Ordnance Department, who later served as County Engineer for Middlesex County, Ontario.

His maternal grandfather was Colonel Dickenson, a planter  from  the  West  Indies. His mother was the niece of Sir Thomas Stamford Bingley Raffles, founder of the port of Singapore and Lieutenant Governor of Java (1811-1815) and of British Bencooleen (1811-1823) in Sumatra.

His paternal grandfather was Captain Duncan Mackintosh, a Scotsman who had been sent to Ireland with the British Army's Highland regiment during the Irish Rebellion of 1798. The Mackintosh  family  was of ‘ancient  Scottish  lineage.’

After the Rebellion, he bought an estate in County Wicklow, and in 1802, married, at Dublin, Alicia Weldon, who is variously described as being the daughter of Lady Weldon, and a niece of the Earl of Dysart, though which ones are meant is not specified. C.H. Mackintosh's mother was Leonora Sophia (d. 1891), daughter of Col. Dickinson, of Jamaica, British West Indies. Through the maternal line, Mackintosh claimed to be close kin to Sir Stamford Raffles, founder of Singapore, one of whose sisters was called Leonora, and one of whose half-aunts, Elizabeth Raffles, married William Carter, Esq., of Jamaica. Paternally, he claimed to be a near relation of the essayist and politician, the Right Honourable Sir James Mackintosh, who was member of the Kellachie branch of the Inverness-shire-based Clan Mackintosh, part of the Scottish Highlands Chattan Confederation.

In addition to C.H. Mackintosh's ties to the ruling class, there is occasional confusion with another Mackintosh author, Charles Henry Mackintosh (1820–1896), a prolific Plymouth Brethren author and evangelist, who was known principally by the initials, C. H. M., which happen to coincide with those of the present subject. Details in this second man's biography indicate that the elder and younger C. H. Mackintoshes were possibly uncle and nephew, or, at least, related (see References).

In nineteenth century colonial Canada, these exalted family connections in Britain and the Empire may have played a role in fostering Mackintosh's ambitions, and aiding him in his later advancement. Coupled with his innate talents, they may also have served to mark him in Conservative Party political circles where, in 1893, Canada's Prime Minister Sir John Thompson clearly viewed him as the more suitable vice-regal candidate over rival fellow Tory, Nicholas Flood Davin, whose own chagrin at Mackintosh's appointment is well documented.

Training and journalism
Educated at Galt Grammar School and Caradoc Academy, he first began the study of law but instead, in 1862, entered the trade of journalism. He first served as city editor of the London Free Press, later acting as city editor of the Hamilton Times. He edited the Parkhill Gazette, and served as managing editor of the Chicago Journal of Commerce. During his time in Strathroy, Ontario, he was editor and proprietor of the Strathroy Dispatch. In 1873, he was also elected to the town council of Strathroy, Ontario, at a time when this was apparently not prohibited as a conflict of interest in an era of openly partisan journalism.

In 1874, he acquired the Ottawa Daily Citizen, serving as its owner and editor-in-chief from 1874 to 1892. He was owner and editor of the Canadian Parliamentary Companion from 1877 to 1882.

On 6 August 1875, he won the gold and silver medals offered by the St. Patrick's Society during the O'Connell centenary at Major's Hill Park in Ottawa for a prize poem entitled, The Irish Liberator. He was also president of the Parliamentary Press Gallery, Ottawa, in 1879.

Public life
He served as chairman for the Dominion Exhibition in 1879, and as president of the Agricultural Association in 1881.

After only one year, 1873, on the Strathroy town council, he served as 13th Mayor of Ottawa from 1879 to 1881. Elected as a Conservative, he was returned as a Member of Parliament for the riding of Ottawa City in the House of Commons of Canada from 1882 to 1887 and again from 1890 to 1893. He was unsuccessful in contesting the constituency of Russell, Ontario in the 1887 Dominion election.

He was appointed Lieutenant Governor of the Northwest Territories in 1893, serving in that capacity until his resignation in 1898. During his tenure of the territorial vice-regal office, he promoted a great Territorial Exhibition which was opened by His Excellency the Earl of Aberdeen, Governor General of the Dominion of Canada at Regina, district of Assiniboia, N.W.T., on 30 July 1895. For these services he was presented with an oil portrait of himself in August 1895.

Following his vice-regency, he contested unsuccessfully the provincial seat of Rossland, British Columbia in 1900, and the riding of Kootenay, British Columbia in the Dominion general elections of 1900 and 1904, all in the Conservative or Liberal-Conservative interest.

Later career
In 1898, he became Canadian manager of the British American Mining Company, Rossland, British Columbia, later becoming a broker and financial agent in Victoria, British Columbia. In 1898, he sold the Le Roi mining property.

In 1901, on behalf of the miners of British Columbia, he presented two unusual gold nuggets to King Edward VII and, his wife, Queen Alexandra.

Character
The Montreal Gazette described him as "a tactful, capable and experienced public man", while the Toronto Telegram declared him to be "warm hearted, amiable and altogether likeable".

Interests and affiliations
He was a life director of the Carleton County Protestant Home for the Aged in Ottawa, Ontario.

In politics, he was a Liberal-Conservative, being noted as "an imperialist of no uncertain sound", and served as vice-president of the British Empire League in Canada. In religion, he was an Anglican. He was a member of two gentleman's clubs, the Union Club, Victoria, British Columbia, and of the Vancouver Club, Vancouver, British Columbia.

Publications
He was author of the Liberal-Conservative Handbook (1876), and wrote a prize essay entitled Potential Resources of British Columbia (1908). For the Canadian Magazine, he wrote various articles including one entitled, British America's Golden Gateway to the Orient.

Family and death
Mackintosh married in April 1868, Gertrude Niles Cook (d. 1925), daughter of Timothy Cook, J.P., of Strathroy, Ontario, and his wife, Harriet Terry, the daughter of Dr William Terry, ex-M.P.P., Niagara, and granddaughter of Parshall Terry, M.H.A., a United Empire Loyalist, and member of the 1st Parliament of Upper Canada. Mrs Mackintosh was born at Strathroy, Ontario, and educated at a convent at London, Ontario. While wife of the mayor of Ottawa, in 1879, she assisted at the opening of the first Dominion Exhibition. Later, she assisted at the opening of the great North-West Exhibition, held in Regina in 1895. She served as vice-president in the Territories for the National Council of Women.

The couple had two sons and seven daughters. The eldest daughter, Gertrude, married Sandford Hall Fleming, eldest son of Sir Sandford Fleming, the inventor of Standard Time, while another daughter, Marion, divorced wife of Alfred Louis Castellain, became, secretly, in 1906, the wife of Sir Frederick W. A. G. Haultain, the man her father had appointed as first premier of the Northwest Territories in 1897. His daughter Alice Maude, born on November 11, 1872, married Canadian lawyer and Liberal politician Harold Buchanan McGiverin. Of the sons: the elder, Edward Compton Mackintosh, died of a fever, on 28 January 1901, at Pretoria, while he was serving as a private in the Canadian contingent with Lord Strathcona's Horse fighting in the Second Boer War. The younger, Charles St Lawrence Mackintosh, who had served as his father's personal secretary and aide-de-camp when he was N.W.T. lieutenant governor, first married Eileen White of Quebec City, granddaughter of Sir Hugh Allan, in 1899. They had a son, Charles Allan Mackintosh, born in 1901. Divorced in 1906, he remarried, in 1908, to Kate Totten Putnam (d.1919), and was married for the last time, in 1927, to Lillie Tupper Cameron, whose mother was the eldest child of Canadian Conservative Prime Minister Sir Charles Tupper, 1st Baronet. The Hon. C. H. Mackintosh died in 1931 and was buried in Beechwood Cemetery in Ottawa, Ontario, alongside his wife who had predeceased him in 1925.

Archives
There is a Charles Herbert Mackintosh fonds at Library and Archives Canada. Archival reference number is R4507.

title: Charles Herbert Mackintosh


text:
National Amateur Body-Builders' Association

The National Amateur Body-Builders' Association, more commonly referred to as NABBA, was founded in 1950 by the Health & Strength League to promote bodybuilding. Although the original intention was to promote physique contests in the United Kingdom, the popularity of the Mr Universe contest, and later Ms Universe contest, drew interest from competitors around the world. Today NABBA International maintains affiliations with around 60 countries.

History
The history of NABBA as an organisation can be traced back to 1898 when an American entrepreneur, Bernarr Macfadden, and an English cycling enthusiast, Hopton Hadley, teamed up to promote what would become the earliest physical culture magazine. The original title of the magazine is debatable, however in 1898 Macfadden sold his share to Hadley and it quickly became known as Health & Strength magazine. Health & Strength Magazine served as the official magazine of NABBA for many years before being sold. The current Health & Strength publication utilises the name but bears little resemblance to the original magazine. In 1906 the Health & Strength League was formed to promote physical culture and within a few years it boasted thousands of members across the United Kingdom.

By the 1920s the Health & Strength League had begun organising physique contests, which were a precursor to modern bodybuilding contests. In 1930 the Health & Strength League hosted the Mr. Britain contest with William T Coggins as the inaugural winner. Since the mid-1950s the Mr. Britain contest has been promoted by the NABBA UK.

In 1948 following the first Mr. Universe contest, won by John Grimek, the Health & Strength League made plans for form a separate governing association dedicated to bodybuilding. In late 1949 these plans would come to fruition and when the Mr. Universe contest was next held in 1950 it would be the NABBA Mr. Universe contest.

In 1955 Oscar Heidenstam, a former Mr. Britain winner and Mr. Universe competitor and a long-standing member of the Health & Strength League, became the General Secretary of NABBA and continued in this position for many years. As competitors from outside of the UK wanted to compete in the Mr. Universe contest, other countries affiliated and over time NABBA International was formed as the world governing organisation. The World Amateur Bodybuilding Association was directly affiliated with NABBA between 1977 and 1983, part of the reason for the formation of NABBA International as an independent body in 1984. Oscar Heidenstam was elected Chairman of NABBA UK in 1980 and subsequently became president of NABBA International upon its formation.

Following Heidenstam's death in 1991, NABBA International was separated into Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere jurisdictions. It was soon reunited as a single world body with Ivan Dunbar of NABBA Northern Ireland as the International World President. When Dunbar died in 2009, Graeme Lancefield, President of NABBA Australia, was elected as the NABBA International World President until 2017.

In 2017, Eddy Ellwood was elected President of NABBA International with former chair and Honorary Life Councillor, Bryan Robinson, as the vice president of NABBA International.

The NABBA UK Council continues to govern bodybuilding within the UK and also promotes the Universe Championships each year in England. Jim Charles was elected Chair of the NABBA UK Council in 2014 and remains in this position as of 2019.

Dozens of countries are affiliated to NABBA International including Australia, Austria, Brazil, the Republic of Ireland, USA, Germany, Italy, Ukraine, Korea, China, Israel, New Zealand, Iran, Lebanon, Greece, Cyprus and Canada. The name NABBA by itself however usually refers to the NABBA UK.

Competitions
Each country affiliated with NABBA International holds an annual National Championships, usually prior to the World Championships or Universe Championships. In most cases these events are a qualifier for athletes seeking to travel internationally to compete.

Significant contests include:

 * NABBA Universe
 * NABBA World Championships
 * Mr. Britain
 * NABBA Mr. Wales
 * NABBA Mr. England
 * NABBA Mr. Scotland
 * NABBA Mr. Ireland
 * NABBA Mr. USA
 * Mr. Australia


text:
James Baird (industrialist)

James Baird (1802 in Old Monkland, Lanarkshire – 1876 in Cambusdoon) was a Scottish industrialist. He was the founder of the Baird Trust.

Life
He was born near Old Monklands, the fourth of the eight sons (and two daughters) of Alexander Baird and Jean Moffat. After a farming beginning, his father took out a lease on coal reserves on the Rochsolloch Estate between Coatbridge and Airdrie. He put two of his sons in charge of the business, and at this stage, the company of William Baird & Co was formed, in the name of his older brother William. The family would later set up the ironworks known as Bairds of Gartsherrie which was the largest in the country. James focussed upon the iron processing industry.

Despite claims that it might damage the furnaces, from 1837 all furnaces were turned off on Sundays. This meant not only that it was a day of rest, but the whole atmosphere literally changed in the towns and villages. By 1864, he had grown his blast furnaces to nearly fifty, producing 300,000 tons of iron annually, and employing 10,000 people.

Throughout his life, he acquired land in Lanarkshire, Ayrshire and Fife, all for mining purposes. As the first Scot to introduce the chain-driven coal-cutters his companies had major advantages over his rivals who still dug by hand. Much of his money was returned to the community in terms of school-building and church-building.

From 1851 to 1857, he was an elected Tory Member of Parliament (MP) for the Falkirk Burghs. His older brother William had had this seat just four years before.

The Baird brothers grew very wealthy from their ironworks and bought several landed estates in Scotland : in 1852, James Baird purchased the Ayrshire estate of Cambusdoon (formerly known as Greenfield) and in 1857 he acquired Knoydart. He also bought Auchendrane (Ayrshire) in 1862, Muirkirk in 1863, and Drumellan in 1864. When his childless younger brother Robert (1806-1856) predeceased him, he also inherited the Auchmedden estate, which had belonged to another line of Bairds in previous centuries, though the connection between the two families is unsure.

Baird was, while anti-union, very interested to give his workers education. He also donated £500,000 to support churches.

He died childless and unmarried at his country retreat Cambusdoon. One of his nephews was John George Alexander Baird MP, who succeeded him in his Muirkirk estate, and another was the prominent race horse owner and jockey George Alexander Baird, who inherited the Auchmeddan estate from him. From yet another nephew, Sir Alexander Baird, 1st Baronet, descend the Viscounts Stonehaven.

Baird Trust
Baird founded the Baird Trust, a charitable organization aimed at helping to fund church projects and spreading the word of the gospel. It funds both church extension projects, mission work and gives help to misters and their families. The original sum, a staggering £500,000 was overseen from 1873 by a board of trustees from the Church of Scotland including Rev Archibald Scott.

The Baird Lectures, begun in 1873, were part of the overall concept, promoting Scottish orthodoxy.

The Trust was restructured as a corporate body in 1939 by Act of Parliament.

The Trust was valued at £8 million in 2006. It annually pays out sums of £250,000 or more.

title: James Baird (industrialist)


text:
Orhan Gencebay

Orhan Gencebay (born 4 August 1944) is a Turkish musician, bağlama virtuoso, composer, singer, arranger, music producer, music director, and actor. Gencebay was born in the coastal town of Samsun on 4 August 1944. He is of Crimean Tatar descent. In 1998, he was named a State Artist of Turkey.

Career
At ages 20 and 22, he passed the Turkish Radio and Television Corporation (TRT) auditions and became a resident bağlama player at the network for several months. In 1966, he was one of the primary contestants in National Bağlama Contest with Arif Sağ and Cinuçen Tanrıkorur, two other contemporary masters of Turkish music.

In the late sixties, he collaborated with a wide range of musicians in performances and film music. Between 1966 and 1968, he played bağlama with Arif Sağ in many records with singers such as Muzaffer Akgün, Yıldız Tezcan, Gülden Karaböcek, Ahmet Sezgin, Şükran Ay, Sabahat Akkiraz, and Nuri Sesigüzel. Gencebay also took part as a music director in many Turkish films such as Ana, Kuyu, Kızılırmak-Karakoyun. He also collaborated with many musicians from different genres, such as Erkin Koray, Omar Faruk Tekbilek, Ismet Siral, Burhan Tonguc, Ozer Senay, Vedat Yildirimbora, Neşet Ertaş, Abdullah Nail Bayşu. He appeared as a baglama performer and a well-known composer in musical societies, besides releasing several singles in genre of traditional Turkish folk music. In 1968, he released his first "free-style" single "Sensiz Bahar Gecmiyor/Basa Gelen Cekilirmis", and was rewarded. During the 1970s, he released many singles in a new genre that is a fusion of traditional Turkish folk music, Turkish classical music, Western classical music, jazz, rock, country, progressive, psychedelic, Indian, Arabic, Spanish, and Greek music styles. Even though some musical societies such as TRT named that kind of World fusion music recordings Arabesque music, Orhan Gencebay refused the term arabesque, saying it was inadequate to define his style. In 1972, he founded the Kervan Record Company, attracting many other talented musicians such as Erkin Koray, Ajda Pekkan, Muazzez Abacı, Mustafa Sağyaşar, Ahmet Özhan, Kamuran Akkor, Semiha Yankı, Samime Sanay, Neşe Karaböcek, Bedia Akartürk, Nil Burak, Ziya Taşkent, Semiramis Pekkan and Ferdi Özbeğen.

Throughout his career, Orhan has performed leading roles in 36 movies, has been a composer almost in 90 movies, composed of about a thousand works, released almost 35 singles, 15 albums, and dozens of MCs. His albums sold out over 65 million legal copies.

Studio albums
• 1969: Musalla Taşı

• 1970: Kaderimin Oyunu

• 1972: Bir Teselli Ver

• 1973: Batsın Bu Dünya

• 1974: Hatasız Kul Olmaz

• 1976: Sarhoşun Biri]]

• 1978: Benim Dertlerim

• 1979: Yarabbim

• 1980: Aşkı Ben Yaratmadım

• 1980: Ben Topraktan Bir Canım

• 1981: Leyla ile Mecnun

• 1982: Bir Damla Mutluluk

• 1983: Kördüğüm

• 1984: Dil Yarası

• 1985: Beni Biraz Anlasaydın

• 1986: Cennet Gözlüm

• 1987: Akma Gözlerimden

• 1988: Emrin Olur

• 1989: Ya Evde Yoksan

• 1990: Utan - Dokunma

• 1991: Hasret Rüzgarı

• 1992: Sen de Haklısın

• 1993: Hayat Devam Ediyor

• 1994: Yalnız Değilsin

• 1995: Gönül Dostu

• 1996: Kiralık Dünya

• 1998: Cevap Ver

• 2004: Yürekten Olsun

• 2006: Yargısız İnfaz

• 2010: Berhudar Ol

• 2012: Orhan Gencebay ile Bir Ömür

• 2013: Bedensiz Aşk

• |undefined

Filmography

 * Movie soundtracks
 * Kızılırmak-Karakoyun, 1967
 * Kozanoğlu, 1967
 * Ana, 1967
 * Kuyu, 1968
 * Kara Gözlüm, 1970

 * TV shows
 * Orhan Abi Halk Show, presenter, TGRT, 1996–1997
 * Popstar Alaturka, judge, Star TV, 2006–2008
 * Popstar 2013, judge, Star TV, 2013

title: Orhan Gencebay


text:
Talk:PC Gamer

Game Players
If I recall correctly, PC Gamer was originally the new development of Game Players Guide to PC Entertainment, which was a spin-off from Game Players. Game Players split into three magazines, I think: Game Players Guide to Nintendo Games, Game Players Guide to Sega Games, and Game Players Guide to PC Entertainment. Signal, then Imagine, published these magazines, and PC Gamer, making them sister magazines to Next Generation, and ALL Future magazines that exist today. However, I have no results for citations, because the Internet seems to vague or void of this period of video game magazines' history. 70.180.188.238 (talk) 03:13, 14 January 2014 (UTC)

 * Found this rant. I'm not using it for citation, but it can lead to actual citations: http://www.mastergamer.com/featuresimagine.html 70.180.188.238 (talk) 03:17, 14 January 2014 (UTC)

UK circulation figures
I added in 2010 to 2013 (inclusive) circulation figures. Now the box looks a bit bloated. The three options which come to mind are leaving all the figures in, deleting older figures, or adding a new section after "Podcast" called "Circulation".

If the figures are left in, it is easier to read and see a trend when the print/digital split is left out and the human eye can easily scan down the list of total circulation numbers, but then less information is given. Which should we go with?

I also like the idea of adding a new section, as the historical data shows an interesting trend of decreasing circulation figures, and could be put into the wider context and compared with the average decrease in circulation figures in the industry (plus other events in the industry e.g. PC Zone shutting down). A table could be used to show circulation figures, the split between print and digital, and (not currently included in the page) the percentage change between each year. Also the price of the magazine over time could be included. However, this may be overkill for the amount of information available.

I would prefer to not delete the historical data as the falling numbers show an interesting trend. - — Preceding unsigned comment added by Advancedk (talk • contribs) 16:02, 20 September 2014

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 2 one external links on PC Gamer. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20071011031715/http://www.futureus-inc.com/products/pdf/FSM_PCgamer_2-12-07.pdf to http://www.futureus-inc.com/products/pdf/FSM_PCgamer_2-12-07.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20080113134006/http://www.future-advertising.co.uk:80/ads/audiencefigures/figures.jsp?ref=3 to http://www.future-advertising.co.uk/ads/audiencefigures/figures.jsp?ref=3&brand=28

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 10:45, 7 January 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on PC Gamer. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20071113210146/http://www.future-advertising.co.uk:80/ads/audiencefigures/figures.jsp?ref=3 to http://www.future-advertising.co.uk/ads/audiencefigures/figures.jsp?ref=3&brand=28

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 22:06, 20 March 2016 (UTC)

Lowest score citation
Excerpt from this article released yesterday:

"Here's the thing: I think "N/A" may, technically, be the lowest score PCG has ever given, but it also means Big Brother Series 2: The Game wasn't included in our record of reviews, so I have no idea which issue this thing got reviewed in. I only know about it from our own Wikipedia entry, which mentions that our reviewer said they had "put as much effort into reviewing it as they did in making the game.""

Do we have a source for this? Because there is no citation in the referred section. WolfmanFP (talk) 13:02, 15 November 2023 (UTC)
 * I'll try and find one. - X201 (talk) 17:02, 15 November 2023 (UTC)
 * Right. The game appears to be a real game (the reason for this doubt will be explained later) I found a page here that has a release date of July 2001. I'm struggling to find any scans of PCG (UK) from 2001. Future removed them all from the Internet Archive, so we're a bit stuck for easy access. Perhaps they could actually check their own magazine archive to see if they actually published it (more doubt. See below). I'll ask in WP:VG to see if there's any one who is willing to plough through 7 months worth of reviews to find it.
 * Now, why am I so doubting? Back in the day, PCG (both US and UK) thought it was wonderful japes to add fake edits and general crap to this article. So until proved otherwise, that's what I'm going to assume N/A is. There would be something ironic in them publishing as fact, a fake fact about themselves that they created though. - X201 (talk) 08:47, 16 November 2023 (UTC)
 * Browsing the article's history, I found an edit war which was about the order of PCG US and UK in the article, not much else. What you're saying though could be true, although 18 years has passed since that edit, and the editor team may not be the same so nobody can remember what happened back then...
 * Speaking of, I found the aforementioned revisions: this one added the sentence about the N/A score, and this one specified Big Brother 2 as the worst-reviewed game. WolfmanFP (talk) 17:04, 16 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:PC Gamer


text:
Macedonian cubit

The Macedonian cubit was a unit of measurement in use in ancient Macedonia. It was approximately 14 inches long, making it somewhat shorter than other cubit measurements used in the ancient world.

title: Macedonian cubit


text:
George Caridia

George Aristides Caridia (Γεώργιος Αριστείδης Καρυδιάς; 20 February 1869 – 21 April 1937) was a British male tennis player and a two-time Olympic silver medalist.

Career
At the 1908 London Olympics Caridia won those medals in the men's singles and doubles (with George Simond) event (both were contested indoor). In both finals he lost to fellow British player Arthur Gore. Caridia reached the singles semifinals of Wimbledon in 1903 (losing in four sets to Major Ritchie) and the quarterfinals in 1904 and 1909.

Caridia was reportedly best on covered courts which suited his strong half-volley, he won the Welsh Covered Court Championships nine times between 1899 and 1909, playing at Craigside, Llandudno, Wales for 20 consecutive years. In 1900 he won the French Covered Court Championships in Paris against Harold Mahony. In addition he was a finalist at the London Covered Court Championships (1906) losing to Tony Wilding, and an all comers finalist at the British Covered Court Championships (1905) losing to Major Ritchie.

Caridia later became a member of the committee of the Wimbledon Lawn Tennis Association. He died in 1937 and was buried at West Norwood Cemetery.

title: George Caridia


text:
Academic Press

Academic Press (AP) is an academic book publisher founded in 1941. It was acquired by Harcourt, Brace & World in 1969. Reed Elsevier said in 2000 it would buy Harcourt, a deal completed the next year, after a regulatory review. Thus, Academic Press is now an imprint of Elsevier.

Academic Press publishes reference books, serials and online products in the subject areas of:
 * Communications engineering
 * Economics
 * Environmental science
 * Finance
 * Food science and nutrition
 * Geophysics
 * Life sciences
 * Mathematics and statistics
 * Neuroscience
 * Physical sciences
 * Psychology

Well-known products include the Methods in Enzymology series and encyclopedias such as The International Encyclopedia of Public Health and the Encyclopedia of Neuroscience.

title: Academic Press


text:
NABBA

NABBA may refer to:

 * National Amateur Body-Builders' Association
 * North American Brass Band Association

title: NABBA