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Andrée Chedid

Andrée Chedid (أندريه شديد) (20 March 1920 – 6 February 2011), born Andrée Saab Khoury, was an Egyptian-French poet and novelist of Lebanese descent. She is the recipient of numerous literary awards and was made a Grand Officer of the French Legion of Honour in 2009.

Life
Chedid was born in Cairo, Egypt, on 20 March 1920 to a Lebanese Christian family. She was the daughter of Selim Saab, a Maronite Christian born in Baabda, Lebanon and Alice Khoury who was born in the Greek Orthodox community of Damascus and from a Lebanese family from Baabda as well.

When she was 10 years old, she was sent to a boarding school, where she learned English and French. At 14, she left for Europe. She then returned to Cairo to go to the American University. Her dream was to become a dancer.

When she was 22, she married Louis Selim Chedid, a Lebanese physician from a Maronite bourgeois family in Cairo and former research director at the National Center for Scientific Research, honorary professor of the Institute Pasteur and author of several books such as The heart remains and Babel which he wrote with his wife Andree.

Both her son Louis Chedid and her grandson Matthieu Chedid, also known as -M-, are popular pop and rock singers in France. She contributed song lyrics to her grandson including that of Bonoboo on the 1999 album Je dis aime. Her granddaughter Émilie Chedid (born in 1970) is a French director, Joseph Chedid (born in 1986), also known by his stage name of Selim, is a French singer and Anna Chedid (born in 1987), also known by her stage name of Nach, is also a French singer.

Literary work
Andrée Chedid published her first collection of poems On the Trails of my Fancy in 1943 in Cairo. She settled in Paris with her husband in 1946 and began writing there. In addition to numerous poems and novels, she also wrote plays and children's books mainly published by the publisher Groupe Flammarion. Her poetry books were partly illustrated by the Luxembourg painter Roger Bertemes.

In 1972, Chedid received the Prix de l'Aigle d'or for poetry followed by numerous other literary awards. For her books Fraternité de la parole and Cérémonial de la violence in 1976 she was awarded the Prix Mallarmé.

Her best-known work is the novel L'Autre which has been translated into many languages and tells of the rescue from an earthquake spilled by an ancient Egyptian. It was made into a movie in 1991 by Bernard Giraudeau under the title L'Autre.

Andrée Chedid was also awarded the Grand Prize of the Société des Auteurs et Compositeurs Dramatiques, the Grand Prize of the Société des auteurs, compositeurs et éditeurs de musique (SACEM) in 1999 and the Prix Goncourt of poetry.

Chedid has written twenty-three volumes of poetry, eighteen novels, more than a hundred short stories, eight plays and nine children's books.

Legacy
In an appraisal, French President Nicolas Sarkozy called her part of a "generation of cosmopolitan intellectuals who chose France as their new home after the war, helping the country to a literary renaissance".

Her work questions the human condition and what links the individual to the world. Her writing seeks to evoke the Orient, but she focuses more on denouncing the civil war that destroys Lebanon. She lived in France from 1946 until her death. Because of this diverse background, her work is truly multicultural. Her first book was written in English: On the Trails of my Fancy. She has commented about her work that it is an eternal quest for humanity.

She died on 6 February 2011 in Paris at the age of 90.

In 2012, a public library was named for her, in Paris.

Tribute
Several schools in France bear her name: in Rennes, in the Villejean district, in Anstaing (North) and in Aigrefeuille-sur-Maine 9 (Loire-Atlantique).

The library of Villemoisson-sur-Orge (Essonne) carries her name as well as the media libraries Tourcoing, La Seyne-sur-Mer (Var), La Meilleraie-Tillay (Vendée) and the libraries of Beaugrenelle (15 th arrondissement of Paris) and Alizay 11 (Eure).

Awards and honours

 * 1966 Louise Labe prize
 * 1975 Grand Prize of French Literature from the Royal Academy of Belgium

 * 1976 Mallarmé prize
 * 1979 Prix Goncourt de la Nouvelle, Le Corps et le Temps
 * 1989 Prix Culture et Bibliothèques pour tous, L'Enfant multiple
 * 1990 Grand prix de poésie de la SGDL literary award
 * 1990 Gutenberg Prize (France)
 * 1994 Grand prix de littérature Paul-Morand (for her entire work)
 * 1996 Albert Camus Prize
 * 2001 Prix Louis-Guilloux, The Message
 * 2002 Prix Goncourt de la Poésie
 * 2009 Grand Officier de la Légion d'honneur

Selected works

 * Le sixième jour (The sixth day), Paris 1960, ISBN 978-2290022597, made into the movie The Sixth Day (1986) by Youssef Chahine with Dalida in the lead role
 * The Other, Roman, Flammarion, Paris 1969, ISBN 2-08-060403-1, made into a movie in 1991 by Bernard Giraudeau for which he was nominated for a César Award
 * Painted words or the moth has no mane, Mahnert-Lueg, Munich 1979, ISBN 3-922170-06-4 (translated from the manuscript)
 * Behind the Faces, Flammarion, Paris 1984, ISBN 2-08-161787-0
 * La femme de Job, narrative, 1992
 * Beloved Earth, Poem, Alpha Press, Sulzbach 2006

Works

 * À la mort, à la vie: nouvelles. Paris: Flammarion, 1992.
 * L'Autre: roman. Paris: Flammarion, 1969.
 * Cavernes et soleils: poésie. Paris: Flammarion, 1979.
 * Cérémonial de la violence. Paris: Flammarion, 1976.
 * La Cité fertile: roman. Paris: Flammarion, 1972.
 * Le Dernier candidat. Paris: Éditions théâtrales Art et comédie, 1998
 * Le Message. Paris: Éditions Flammarion, 2000
 * L'Enfant multiple. Paris: Flammarion, 1989.
 * La Maison Sans Racine. Paris: Flammarion, 1985.
 * Le Sommeil délivré. Paris: Flammarion, 1952.
 * Le Grand Boulevard.Paris :Flammarion,1996

title: Andrée Chedid


text:
List of 1976 British incumbents

This is a list of 1976 British incumbents.

Government

 * Monarch
 * Head of State - Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom (1952–2022)
 * Prime Minister
 * Head of Government - Harold Wilson, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1974–1976)
 * Head of Government - James Callaghan, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1976–1979)
 * Chancellor of the Exchequer
 * Denis Healey, Chancellor of the Exchequer (1974–1979)
 * Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs
 * James Callaghan, Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs (1974–1976)
 * Anthony Crosland, Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs (1976–1977)
 * Secretary of State for the Home Department
 * Roy Jenkins, Secretary of State for the Home Department (1974–1976)
 * Merlyn Rees, Secretary of State for the Home Department (1976–1979)
 * Minister for Transport
 * John Gilbert, Minister for Transport (1975–1976)
 * Bill Rodgers, Secretary of State for Transport (1976–1979)
 * Secretary of State for Scotland
 * William Ross, Secretary of State for Scotland (1974–1976)
 * Bruce Millan, Secretary of State for Scotland (1976–1979)
 * Secretary of State for Social Services
 * Barbara Castle, Secretary of State for Social Services (1974–1976)
 * David Ennals, Secretary of State for Social Services (1976–1979)
 * Secretary of State for Northern Ireland
 * Roy Mason, Secretary of State for Northern Ireland (1976–1979)
 * Secretary of State for Defence
 * Frederick Mulley, Secretary of State for Defence (1976–1979)
 * Secretary of State for Industry
 * Eric Varley, Secretary of State for Industry (1975–1979)
 * Secretary of State for Trade
 * Edmund Dell, Secretary of State for Trade (1976–1978)
 * Secretary of State for Education and Science
 * Shirley Williams, Secretary of State for Education and Science (1976–1979)
 * Secretary of State for Wales
 * John Morris, Secretary of State for Wales (1974–1979)
 * Lord Privy Seal
 * Fred Peart, Baron Peart, Lord Privy Seal (1976–1979)
 * Leader of the House of Commons
 * Michael Foot, Leader of the House of Commons (1976–1979)
 * Lord President of the Council
 * Michael Foot, Lord President of the Council (1976–1979)
 * Lord Chancellor
 * Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones, Lord Chancellor (1974–1979)
 * Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
 * Harold Lever, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster (1974–1979)

Religion

 * Archbishop of Canterbury
 * Donald Coggan, Archbishop of Canterbury (1974–1980)
 * Archbishop of York
 * Stuart Blanch, Archbishop of York (1975–1983)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: List of 1976 British incumbents


text:
Closed-world assumption

The closed-world assumption (CWA), in a formal system of logic used for knowledge representation, is the presumption that a statement that is true is also known to be true. Therefore, conversely, what is not currently known to be true, is false. The same name also refers to a logical formalization of this assumption by Raymond Reiter. The opposite of the closed-world assumption is the open-world assumption (OWA), stating that lack of knowledge does not imply falsity. Decisions on CWA vs. OWA determine the understanding of the actual semantics of a conceptual expression with the same notations of concepts. A successful formalization of natural language semantics usually cannot avoid an explicit revelation of whether the implicit logical backgrounds are based on CWA or OWA.

Negation as failure is related to the closed-world assumption, as it amounts to believing false every predicate that cannot be proved to be true.

Example
In the context of knowledge management, the closed-world assumption is used in at least two situations: (1) when the knowledge base is known to be complete (e.g., a corporate database containing records for every employee), and (2) when the knowledge base is known to be incomplete but a "best" definite answer must be derived from incomplete information. For example, if a database contains the following table reporting editors who have worked on a given article, a query on the people not having edited the article on Formal Logic is usually expected to return "Sarah Johnson".

In the closed-world assumption, the table is assumed to be complete (it lists all editor-article relationships), and Sarah Johnson is the only editor who has not edited the article on Formal Logic. In contrast, with the open-world assumption the table is not assumed to contain all editor-article tuples, and the answer to who has not edited the Formal Logic article is unknown. There is an unknown number of editors not listed in the table, and an unknown number of articles edited by Sarah Johnson that are also not listed in the table.

Formalization in logic
The first formalization of the closed-world assumption in formal logic consists in adding to the knowledge base the negation of the literals that are not currently entailed by it. The result of this addition is always consistent if the knowledge base is in Horn form, but is not guaranteed to be consistent otherwise. For example, the knowledge base
 * $$\{English(Fred) \vee Irish(Fred)\}$$

entails neither $$English(Fred)$$ nor $$Irish(Fred)$$.

Adding the negation of these two literals to the knowledge base leads to
 * $$\{English(Fred) \vee Irish(Fred), \neg English(Fred), \neg Irish(Fred)\}$$

which is inconsistent. In other words, this formalization of the closed-world assumption sometimes turns a consistent knowledge base into an inconsistent one. The closed-world assumption does not introduce an inconsistency on a knowledge base $$K$$ exactly when the intersection of all Herbrand models of $$K$$ is also a model of $$K$$; in the propositional case, this condition is equivalent to $$K$$ having a single minimal model, where a model is minimal if no other model has a subset of variables assigned to true.

Alternative formalizations not suffering from this problem have been proposed. In the following description, the considered knowledge base $$K$$ is assumed to be propositional. In all cases, the formalization of the closed-world assumption is based on adding to $$K$$ the negation of the formulae that are “free for negation” for $$K$$, i.e., the formulae that can be assumed to be false. In other words, the closed-world assumption applied to a knowledge base $$K$$ generates the knowledge base
 * $$K \cup \{\neg f ~|~ f \in F\}$$.

The set $$F$$ of formulae that are free for negation in $$K$$ can be defined in different ways, leading to different formalizations of the closed-world assumption. The following are the definitions of $$f$$ being free for negation in the various formalizations.

 * CWA (closed-world assumption) : $$f$$ is a positive literal not entailed by $$K$$;

 * GCWA (generalized CWA) : $$f$$ is a positive literal such that, for every positive clause $$c$$ such that $$K \not\vdash c$$, it holds $$K \not\vdash c \vee f$$;

 * EGCWA (extended GCWA): same as above, but $$f$$ is a conjunction of positive literals;

 * CCWA (careful CWA): same as GCWA, but a positive clause is only considered if it is composed of positive literals of a given set and (both positive and negative) literals from another set;

 * ECWA (extended CWA): similar to CCWA, but $$f$$ is an arbitrary formula not containing literals from a given set.

The ECWA and the formalism of circumscription coincide on propositional theories. The complexity of query answering (checking whether a formula is entailed by another one under the closed-world assumption) is typically in the second level of the polynomial hierarchy for general formulae, and ranges from P to coNP for Horn formulae. Checking whether the original closed-world assumption introduces an inconsistency requires at most a logarithmic number of calls to an NP oracle; however, the exact complexity of this problem is not currently known.

In situations where it is not possible to assume a closed world for all predicates, yet some of them are known to be closed, the partial-closed world assumption can be used. This regime considers knowledge bases generally to be open, i.e., potentially incomplete, yet allows to use completeness assertions to specify parts of the knowledge base that are closed.

title: Closed-world assumption


text:
User:Daleh

= About Me = Hi, as you may have guessed my name is Dale. I live in Cape Town, South Africa. I'm an electro-mechanical engineer by trade, and work with automation of machines as much as possible. I'm currently CTO of Nomanini, where we develop tools for enabling cash payments in informal markets.

My other love is flying, and in particular competition aerobatics. I also am interested in artificial intelligence and evolutionary/swarm intelligence with engineering and optimisation applications.

You can leave me messages and comments on my talk page.

= Articles I have written or edited =
 * Aerobatic maneuver
 * Aerobatics
 * Ballistic missile
 * Competition aerobatics
 * Division by zero
 * Gee
 * Sample Aerobatic Sequence
 * Yak-55
 * Zero lift axis
 * Pages_needing_attention

= Uploaded images =
 * Arresti symbols for Aerobatic maneuver's.
 * Image:Hyperbola one over x.jpg
 * Image:YAK-55.jpg

= Layout =
 * User:Daleh/Scratch
 * Featured articles
 * Footnotes

= Vandalism =
 * Blocking_policy

Vandals to keep an eye on

 * Special:Contributions/208.39.164.129

title: User:Daleh


text:
Argentine Northwest

The Argentine Northwest (Noroeste Argentino) is a geographic and historical region of Argentina composed of the provinces of Catamarca, Jujuy, La Rioja, Salta, Santiago del Estero and Tucumán.

Geography
The Argentine Northwest comprises very distinct biomes, or geographical and climatic regions. From west to east they are:

 * The Altiplano or "Puna"
 * High Mountains of the Andes
 * Fertile valleys
 * Red-rock canyons and mountain passes
 * Humid Sub-Andean Sierras
 * Tropical jungles or Yungas
 * And the ecotone—or transitional zone—between the Yungas and the Chaco region.

Besides the Yungas jungle on the eastern fringe of the region, the only fertile lands are those near the river basins, which have been irrigated extensively. Across millennia the erosive forces of these rivers has gradually created a multitude of red-rock canyons, such as the Quebrada de Humahuaca and the Valles Calchaquíes.

West of these valleys the peaks of the Andes reach heights of over 6,000 m and the Altiplano, an extensive 3,500-meter high plateau, dominates the landscape and continues far north into Bolive and Southern Peru.

Archaeological finds
In February 2021, archaeologists from the University of Buenos Aires–National Scientific and Technical Research Council announced the discovery of 12 graves dated to 6,000-1,300 years ago. Researchers also revealed necklaces and pendants next to some of the bodies. According to archaeologist Leticia Cortés, there were many kinds of burial methods, in individual or collective graves, and also in the posture of the bodies. Some were hyperflexed, like squatting, with the shoulders touching the knees.

Climate
Northwest Argentina is predominantly dry and hot and classified as subtropical. Owing to its rugged topography, the region is climatically diverse, depending on the elevation, temperature and distribution of precipitation. Consequentially, the vegetation will differ at these different climate types. In general, the climate can be divided into 2 main types: a cold arid or semi-arid climate at the higher elevations and warmer subtropical climate in the eastern parts of the region. Under the Köppen climate classification, the region has 5 different climate types which are semi–arid (BS), arid (BW), temperate climate without a dry season and with a dry season (Cf and CW respectively) and an alpine climate at the highest elevations.

The atmospheric circulation is controlled by the two semi–permanent South Atlantic and South Pacific highs, and a seasonal low-pressure system east of the Andes (called the Chaco Low). During summer, the interaction between the South Atlantic high and the Chaco low causes the low-pressure system to bring northeasterly and easterly winds that carry moisture to the region, particularly in the northern parts. The movement of moist air into the region during the summer results in very high precipitation. Most of the moisture comes from the east since the Andes block any moisture from the Pacific Ocean. Cold fronts that travel northwards to the region can produce precipitation during the summer months and is more prominent in the southern parts of the region. For example, in Tucumán Province, these cold fronts are responsible for 70% of the rainfall in that province. In contrast, during the winter months, the Chaco low attracts air masses from the South Pacific high, creating a dry and cold wind. This effect is more prominent in the winter months, when the intensity of the cold is more stronger. The Intertropical convergence zone reaches the region during the summer months, leading to low pressure, and unstable air masses due to the relatively high land temperatures compared to the sea during this season. This leads to enhanced precipitation in the form of convective thunderstorms during the summer months. During the winter months, the Intertropical Convergence Zone moves northwards to Ecuador while both the South Pacific and South Atlantic high move northwards, and the Chaco low weakens, all of which result in the suppression of rain during the winter. With the predominant wind being from the west and the Andes blocking most rain bearing clouds from the Pacific Ocean along with atmospheric circulation patterns unfavourable for rain, this results in a dry season during winter. At the highest elevations, westerly winds from the Pacific Ocean can penetrate during the winter months, leading to snowstorms.

Precipitation
Precipitation in the region is highly seasonal and is mostly concentrated in the summer months, during which precipitation decreases from east to west. Precipitation is distributed irregularly owing to relief. As moist air reaches the eastern slopes of the mountains, this moist air raises up vertically, cooling adiabatically, leading to the formation of clouds which generate copious amounts of rain. The eastern slopes of the mountains can receive between 1000 and 1500 mm of precipitation a year although some places can receive 2500 mm of precipitation per year owing to orographic precipitation. In the south, the orographic effect is enhanced by advancing cold fronts from the south, resulting in enhanced precipitation. The high rainfall on these first slopes creates a thick jungle that extends in a narrow strip along these ranges. Beyond the first slopes of the Andes into the valleys, the air descends vertically, warming adiabatically, creating air that is drier and warmer than on the eastern slopes. Since the mountain ranges are oriented in a north–south direction, increase in elevation to the west, and have a discontinuous orography, this allows valleys to have regions of relatively high precipitation in the west and drier regions in eastern parts of the valleys through orographic precipitation.

In the temperate valleys, which include major cities such as Salta and Jujuy, average precipitation ranges from 500 to 1000 mm. For example, in the Lerma Valley which is surrounded by tall mountains (only the northeastern part of the valley is surrounded by shorter mountains), precipitation ranges from 695 mm in Salta to 1395 mm in San Lorenzo, just 11 km away. Rainfall in the Lerma valley in Salta and in wetter valleys in Jujuy province, including its provincial capital, is mainly concentrated in the summer months and falls in short but heavy bursts.

Valleys in the southern parts of the region are drier than northern valleys due to the mountains on the eastern slopes of both the Andes and the Sierras Pampeanas being taller than the ones in the north (ranging from 3000 to 6900 m), presenting a significant orographic barrier that blocks moist winds from the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. These valleys often receive less than 200 mm of precipitation per year and are characterized by sparse vegetation adapted to the arid climate. For example, in La Rioja Province, mean annual precipitation ranges from 300 mm in the easternmost parts to 100 mm at the foot of the Andes. Similarly in Catamarca Province, the mean annual precipitation varies from 150 mm in the middle of valleys between the Andes mountains to more than 300 mm in the nearby mountain ranges which form the valleys. In Jujuy province, precipitation in the dry Quebrada de Humahuaca valley ranges from 200 to 410 mm. A similar annual precipitation is found in the dry Calchaquí Valleys, with mean annual precipitation ranging from 95 mm in Molinos to 200 mm in Cafayate. Further west in the Puna region next to Bolivia, the average elevation is 3900 m and the terrain is mostly desert due to the higher elevations of the mountains on the east from both the Andes and the northwest extension of the Sierras Pampeanas, blocking most of the easterly winds from coming in.

Precipitation in the Puna region averages less than 200 mm a year while potential evapotranspiration ranges from 500 to 600 mm a year, owing to the high insolation, strong winds, and low humidity that exacerbates the dry conditions. Owing to the low precipitation in conjunction with the extreme climatic conditions, the Puna region has a water deficit in all months of the year. Although easterly winds are rare in the Puna region, they bring 88–96% of the precipitation to the area. Snowfall is rare, averaging less than 5 days of snow per year since most of the precipitation falls in the summer in the form of rain. The southeast part of the Puna region is very arid and receives the lowest annual precipitation in the region, averaging 50 mm. In the northeast part of the Puna region in Jujuy Province, mean annual precipitation ranges from 300 to 400 mm. Due to the aridity of these mountains at high elevations, the snowline can extend as far up as 6,000 m above sea level. The El Niño Southern Oscillation influences precipitation levels in northwest Argentina. During an El Niño year, the westerly flow is strengthened while moisture content from the east is reduced, resulting in a drier rainy season. In contrast, during a La Niña year, there is enhanced easterly moisture transport, resulting in a more intense rainy season. Nonetheless, this trend is highly variable both spatially and temporally.

Temperatures
Temperatures in northwest Argentina vary with elevation. In the temperate valleys which includes the cities of Salta and Jujuy, they have a temperate climate, with mild temperatures in the summer (a mean of 20 C in Salta, 21 C in Jujuy in January) and extremely dry and cool winters with regular frosts (a mean of 10 C in Salta and 10.5 C in Jujuy in July). The diurnal range in these cities is fairly large, particularly in the winter.

In the Quebrada de Humahuaca valley in Jujuy province, north of Jujuy city, the diurnal range is large with a thermal amplitude between 16 and 20 C-change. A major reason for the large thermal amplitude is that during the day, there is intense radiation from the sun, causing the land to heat up while during the night, there is less radiation, causing the land to cool and temperatures to fall down. Mean temperatures in the warmest month in the Quebrada de Humahuaca valley range from 15.1 C in Humahuaca at the higher elevations to 18.5 C in Volcan at the lower elevations; in the coldest month, the mean temperature ranges from 7.1 to 8.1 C. The mean annual temperatures in the Quebrada de Humahuaca valley ranges from 12.0 to 14.1 C, depending on elevation. In the Calchaquí Valleys in Salta province, the climate is similar to the valleys in La Rioja province and Catamarca province, by being temperate and arid with large thermal amplitudes, long summers, and a long frost free period which varies depending on elevation. Mean temperatures in the warmest month in the Calchaqui valleys range from 14.5 C at the higher elevations to 22.1 C at lower elevations; in the coldest month, the mean temperature ranges from 4.8 to 9.6 C. The mean annual temperatures in the Calchaqui valleys ranges from 10.2 C in La Poma at the higher elevations to 16.9 C in San Carlos which lies at a lower elevation. In both the Quebrada de Humahuaca and Calchaqui valleys, winters are cold with frosts that can occur between March and September.

In the valleys in the south in La Rioja province and Catamarca province along with the southwest parts of Santiago del Estero Province which is part of the arid Chaco ecoregion, the climate is mild year long in terms of temperature. Temperatures during the summer are very high, with a mean temperature of 26 C in January, the warmest month. Temperatures can exceed 40 C on an average of 20–25 days and can occasionally exceed 45 C, particularly in the central valley of Catamarca (Valle Central de Catamarca) and the valley of La Rioja Capital which lie at lower elevations than other valleys such as Tinogasta. Winters in the valleys of La Rioja province and Catamarca province along with southwest Santiago del Estero province are mild, with a mean temperature of 12 C. Cold fronts from the south, bringing cold Antarctic air can cause severe frosts in the valleys of La Rioja province and Catamarca province. Temperatures can fall between -8 and -14 C during these cold fronts. In contrast, the Zonda wind, which occurs more during the winter months can affect these valleys in La Rioja province and Catamarca province can raise temperatures up to 35 C with strong gusts, causing possible crop damage.

Further west, in the Puna region next to Bolivia, temperatures are much colder, with a mean annual temperature of less than 10 C owing to its high elevation. The Puna region is characterized by being cold but sunny throughout the year. The diurnal range is large with a thermal amplitude that can exceed 40 C due to the low humidity and the intense sunlight throughout the year. and the mean annual maximum and minimum temperatures are 16 C and -4 C respectively with frosts that can occur in any month as night temperatures can regularly fall below freezing. Absolute maximum temperatures in the Puna region can reach up to 30 C while absolute minimum temperatures can fall below -20 C.

In Tucumán Province, the eastern parts have an average annual temperature of 18 to 20 C. Summers are hot with mean temperatures averaging between 24 and 26 C while in winter, the mean temperatures are between 10 and 12 C. Easternmost parts of the province, which borders the Chaco region are home to the highest and lowest temperatures in the province where absolute maximum temperatures can exceed 40 C while absolute minimum temperatures can reach close to -7 C owing to the accumulation of cold air that descends from the mountains. At higher elevations, the climate is cooler with summer temperatures averaging 20 C and winter temperatures averaging 10 C. The annual temperature in the higher elevations is between 12 and 14 C at an elevation of 2500 m above sea level. Within the valleys located between the mountains, temperatures are cooler with a mean annual temperature of 13.1 C (summers average 17.1 C while winters average 9.0 C) in the Tafi valley.

Economy
The majority of the population—and thus economic activity—of this region is concentrated in the many fertile valleys. In these valleys, the cultivation of sugarcane, tobacco, and citrus is the most important activity, along with cattle and goat raising. Important vineyards are also found in the Valles Calchaquíes in the Cafayate region.

Thus most economic activity is associated with agriculture, with the exception of the "Altos Hornos Zapla" steel furnace.

Mining includes lithium, lead, silver, zinc and salt, and hydrocarbons extraction.

Tourism
The Argentine Northwest is a popular destination for both domestic and international travelers, attracting neighboring Argentinos and vacationing Europeans alike. Some of the most popular destination are Quebrada de Humahuaca and the Cerro de los Siete Colores, Cafayate and the Valles Calchaquíes, Tafí del Valle, and the capital cities of the provinces: San Miguel de Tucumán, San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca, Salta and San Salvador de Jujuy.

The national parks of the region are: Baritú National Park, Calilegua National Park, El Rey National Park, Los Cardones National Park and Campo de los Alisos National Park.

Cultural tourism
Besides the geography of the area, the culture is also of great interest. It is strongly influenced by Quechua and Aymara cultures, and the region is quite distinct from the more European Buenos Aires. This influence can be seen in the music, clothing and customs of the people.

title: Argentine Northwest


text: Category:Hérault

title: Category:Hérault


text:
Abbey of St Mary, St Dogmaels

The Abbey of St Mary (also known as St Dogmaels Abbey) is Grade I listed ruined abbey in St Dogmaels in Pembrokeshire, Wales, on the banks of the River Teifi and close to Cardigan and Poppit Sands.

It is the ruins of a medieval abbey, originally founded in 1115 by the Fitzmartin family of Cemais. It was established by the Order of Tiron, a medieval monastic order, which owned a large number of priories and abbeys in France, England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland.

It is now in ruins, but substantial parts of the abbey remain, including the western end wall, the north wall, the north transept, and eastern walls of the crypt. There are also several monastic buildings which survive to the south of the abbey and a detached 13th century building, most likely an infirmary, which is located to the south east.

History
The site of the abbey is thought to have been the location of a Celtic monastery founded by Dogmael, a 6th-century saint said to have been the son of Ithel ap Ceredig ap Cunedda Wledig, and also reputedly the cousin of Saint David.

The abbey itself was founded by the Normal Lord Robert Fitz-Martin and his wife, Maud Peverel (sister of William Peverel the younger, d.1149), who brought thirteen monks of the Tironensian Order in Normandy to live in at the priory. In 1118, he was then given another 13 monks and gained permission to raise the classification of the priory to Abbey status. Formal establishment of this took place 10 September 1121, when Fulchard was installed as the first Abbot by Bishop Bernard of St David's. It remained a daughter house of Tiron, probably until its dissolution. However, in 1138, the village and abbey of St Dogmaels were sacked by Gruffudd ap Cynan's sons, Owain Gwynedd and Cadwaladr, acting with princes Anaraud and Cadell with the help of Danish mercenaries. It is possible that a major building project in 1150–53 was intended to repair damage caused by the attack. In 1188, Gerald of Wales stayed at the abbey with Baldwin, Archbishop of Canterbury, whilst they gathered support for the Third Crusade on their preaching tour of Wales.

The abbey was also known for its library. One manuscript, a 13th-century copy of Eusebius's Historia Ecclesiastica, survives and is housed in St John's College, Cambridge.

The abbey was dissolved in 1536, along with hundreds of other houses whose annual income was less than £200. By this time, there were only eight monks and the abbot. The majority of the abbey's possessions were leased to John Bradshaw of Presteigne in Radnorshire. He built a mansion, probably within the abbey precinct. Large parts of the abbey complex were destroyed or altered by Bradshaw who completed his mansion in 1543. He and his descendants lived on the site for over a century. After Bradshaw's death the estate shifted between a multitude of heirs and resales, until 1934 when Representative Body of the Church in Wales placed the estate into the care of the Commission of Works. In 1947 excavation and consolidation began.

Since then, multiple 'Shakespeare in the Abbey ' productions have been staged. Also a visitor centre was created in the former Coach House, which opened in June 2008. These events and additions have led to an increase in the number of visitors.

The Ruins
The earliest surviving remains date from the first half of the twelfth century. It seems that parts of the church were built to satisfy the immediate requirements of the monastery, but that the western part, for the use of the laity, was not finished. The nave was completed in the thirteenth century, although without the intended aisles. Unusually the church lacks a west doorway, possibly because the slope of the ground becomes steeper. The square-ended sanctuary was built over a vaulted crypt, possibly a repository for relics of St Dogmael. About the middle of the thirteenth century, the cloister was enlarged northwards; the cloister arcades were rebuilt in stone about the same time. The domestic quarters were extensively rebuilt at the end of the thirteenth or beginning of the fourteenth century. A new infirmary was built, followed by a chapter house. In the fourteenth or fifteenth century, much of the west range was altered to provide improved accommodation for the abbot. A new wing was added for the abbot's guests. The last alteration to the church was the rebuilding of the north transept, with its elaborate fan vaulted roof. This happened in the early sixteenth century, not long before the suppression of the monastery. The lavish design indicates it may have been an individually distinct chapel, possibly built as a memorial to the founder's family, the lords of Cemais.

Substantial parts of the church survive, including the western end wall, the north wall and northern transept. The crypt, beneath the former eastern two bays of the presbytery, is preserved to the springing of the vault. Fifteenth century floor tiles remain in large areas of the nave. The abbey is Grade I listed.

Fragments of carved stonework have been collected in the infirmary, and several of the incised stones which were formerly in the parish church have been gathered against the south wall.

title: Abbey of St Mary, St Dogmaels


text:
St Dogmaels

St Dogmaels (Llandudoch) is a village, parish and community in Pembrokeshire, Wales, on the estuary of the River Teifi, a mile downstream from the town of Cardigan in neighbouring Ceredigion. A little to the north of the village, further along the estuary, lies Poppit Sands beach. The parish includes the small settlement of Cippyn, south of Cemaes Head.

Name
The English and Welsh names seem to bear no similarity, but it has been suggested that possibly both names refer to the same saint or founder Dogmael (Dogfael), with ‘mael’ (prince) and ‘tud’ (land or people of) being added to Dog/doch as in Dog mael and Tud doch. It is the current standard usage not to have a full-stop after the 'St' or an apostrophe in 'Dogmaels'.

History
St Dogmaels Abbey is 12th-century Tironesian and was one of the richer monastic institutions in Wales. Adjacent to the abbey ruins is the parish church (Church in Wales) of St Thomas, which appears successively to have occupied at least three sites close to or within the abbey buildings. The present building is a respectable minor Victorian edifice and contains the Ogam Sagranus stone.

St Dogmaels was once a marcher borough. George Owen of Henllys, in 1603, described it as one of five Pembrokeshire boroughs overseen by a portreeve. The parish appeared (as Sct. Dogmels) on a 1578 parish map of Pembrokeshire.

In the 1830s, the parish's population was 2,109, and fell into four areas: Cippyn, Abbey, Pant-y-groes and Bridgend. In 1832, boundary changes meant that a part of Pembrokeshire, including a part of St Dogmaels, was included in Cardiganshire. This was reversed by the Welsh Assembly in 2002.

There are more than 30 listed buildings in the parish, including the parish church, the abbey and the mediaeval flour mill, Y Felin.

In 2006, the village won the Wales Calor Village of the Year competition after beating Trefriw in the final.

Pembrokeshire Coast Path
The northern end of the Pembrokeshire Coast Path is often regarded as being at Poppit Sands, near St. Dogmaels, where the official plaque was originally sited but the path now continues to St. Dogmaels, where a new marker was unveiled in July 2009. Here the path links with the Ceredigion Coast Path, which continues northwards as part of the Wales Coast Path.

Governance
An electoral ward of the same name exists, stretching to include the community of Nevern. The population taken at the 2011 census was 2,218.

Shakespeare in St Dogmaels Abbey
A Shakespeare play is performed annually in the abbey during the summer since the first play was performed in 1987. The actors are both local and from all parts of Great Britain.

Notable people

 * Joseph Harris (1773–1825), was born at Llan-ty-ddewi, St. Dogmells. He was a Welsh Baptist minister, author, journal editor and a Welsh language poet. He took the Biblical name of Gomer as his bardic name.
 * Rhodri Thomas (born 1942), born in St Dogmaels, a Welsh former first-class cricketer.

Twinning
St Dogmaels is twinned with the village of Trédarzec in Côtes-d'Armor, Brittany.

title: St Dogmaels


text:
O. H. Adsit

Ohlin Harrison Adsit (August 1855 – August 8, 1909) was an Alaskan broker and politician, including Mayor of Juneau from 1902 to 1904.

Biography
He was born in August 1855 in New York. Adsit came to Alaska, originally seeking success from the Klondike Gold Rush of the late 1890s.

He was the plaintiff in Malony v. Adsit, a United States Supreme Court case involving a tract of land in the townsite of Juneau. The case, originally tried before judge Arthur K. Delaney (who would later precede Adsit as mayor of Juneau) on August 10, 1897, was in favor of Adsit. The appeal, however, eventually brought the case to the Supreme Court.

Adsit visited Portland, Oregon in 1901.

He was Mayor of Juneau from 1902 to 1904.

He died on August 8, 1909, in Seattle, Washington.

title: O. H. Adsit


text:
Donald McKayle

Donald McKayle (July 6, 1930 – April 6, 2018 ) was an American modern dancer, choreographer, teacher, director and writer best known for creating socially conscious concert works during the 1950s and '60s that focus on expressing the human condition and, more specifically, the black experience in America. He was "among the first black men to break the racial barrier by means of modern dance." His work for the concert stage, especially Games (1951) and Rainbow Round My Shoulder (1959), has been the recipient of widespread acclaim and critical attention. In addition, McKayle was the first black man to both direct and choreograph major Broadway musicals, including the Tony Award-winners Raisin (1973) and Sophisticated Ladies (1981), and he worked extensively in television and film. As a young man he appeared with some of the twentieth century's most important choreographers, including Martha Graham, Anna Sokolow, and Merce Cunningham, and in some of Broadway's landmark productions, including House of Flowers (1958) and West Side Story (1957), where he served for a time as the production's dance captain. A Tony Award and Emmy Award nominee, McKayle held an endowed chair for the last decades of his life in the Dance Department at UC Irvine, where he was the Claire Trevor Professor of Dance. He previously served on the faculties of Connecticut College, Sarah Lawrence College, and Bennington College.

Early life and influences
McKayle was born in New York City on July 6, 1930, and grew up in a racially mixed East Harlem community of African-American, Puerto Rican, and Jewish immigrants. He was the second child of a middle class, immigrant family of Jamaican descent. His father worked as a maintenance man at the Copacabana nightclub before becoming a mechanic while his mother worked as a medical assistant.

Growing up in an integrated neighborhood shaped McKayle's understanding of the social issues and racial prejudices in America during a time when racism and segregation was commonplace. McKayle was also influenced by his parents' liberal and activist lifestyles. He was exposed to social dance and the exuberant social atmosphere of the West Indian parties his parents attended. McKayle's educational experience attending a public school outside of the Harlem community also heightened his social awareness. His political beliefs were influenced by his high school English teacher Lewis Allen, also known as Abel Meeropol, author of the poem "Strange Fruit". And in high school McKayle joined the Frederick Douglass Society to learn more about African-American history and heritage, a subject that was not taught in school.

But it was an inspiring performance by Pearl Primus that sparked McKayle's interest in dance as a teenager. Despite his lack of formal dance training, McKayle auditioned and was granted a scholarship for the New Dance Group in 1947. McKayle was ambitious and eagerly took advantage of the company's formal training in modern, ballet, tap, Afro-Caribbean, Hindu, and Haitian dance forms. His instructors included modern dance pioneer Martha Graham, Merce Cunningham, Anna Sokolow and Karol Shook. His noted mentors are Sophie Maslow, Jane Dudley, William Bales, and his first teacher Jean Erdman. Other instructors include Mary Anthony, Pearl Primus, Jean-Leon Destine, Hadassah, and Paul Draper. In less than a year, McKayle was choreographing his own complete concert dance pieces.

Early choreography
McKayle's early works explores the universal human condition and reflect themes of unity and community through expressive and emotional movement. At the age of 18 McKayle premiered his solo piece, Saturday's Child (1948), choreographed to the poetry of Countee Cullen. This piece depicted the reality of poverty and the suffering of the homeless. According to McKayle's autobiography, he was inducted into the Committee for the Negro in the Arts due to the repeated performance and high visibility of this piece. This organization was composed of Harlem Renaissance, leaders including Langston Hughes, and up-and-coming African-American artists and performers such as Harry Belafonte. The Committee was dedicated to changing the prejudices and widespread racism that made it difficult for African Americans in the performing arts.

The American dance classic Games (1951) was McKayle's first major work and was responsible for launching his dance career. He combines rhythms, chants, play songs and street games to create a childhood scene dedicated solely to playtime. Inspired by childhood memories, Games explores themes of poverty and discrimination in shaping the lives and attitudes of the youth. Rainbow 'Round My Shoulder (1959) is also considered a masterwork that incorporates Africanist movement, rhythms, and music. Prisoners of a chain gang move powerfully across the stage creating an expressive narrative through abstract movements of physical labor. McKayle alludes to African-American dreams of freedom and equality through this image of bondage and slavery. The racial injustice and violence of the piece concludes as a chain gang member is shot and killed.

Broadway/ TV/ Film
McKayle's early works attracted the interest of Broadway stars, audiences, and Hollywood films. Golden Boy (1964) was his first Broadway production, followed by I'm Solomon (1969) and Dr. Jazz (1975). McKayle was the director and choreographer of Raisin (1974) and was awarded a Tony for the best musical. He was responsible for the entire concept, staging and choreography of Sophisticated Ladies (1981), which has won numerous awards. Creating choreography for celebrities led to his appearances in popular television shows such as The Bill Cosby Show and The Ed Sullivan Show. McKayle's work was broadcast on every major TV network from 1951 to 1985. He has also choreographed for films including Bedknobs and Broomsticks (1970), The Great White Hope (1972), and The Minstrel Man (1976).

Biographical Documentary film
Donald McKayle : Heartbeats of a Dancemaker Film by Joy Chong-Stannard; Victoria N Kneubuhl; Gregg Lizenbery; Marilyn Cristofori. Musical score by Stephen Fox. Appearances by Donald McKayle; Della Reese (narrator); Harry Belafonte; José Limón Dance Company; San Jose and Cleveland Ballet. Dance Pioneers; Hawaii Public Television; Dance Horizons Video.

Awards
In 1963 McKayle was awarded the Capezio Dance Award, and in 1992 received the Samuel H. Scripps American Dance Festival Award for lifetime achievement. In 2004 he received the Heritage Award from the National dance association for his contributions to dance education. He was the first to receive the Distinguished Faculty Lectureship Award for Research from the University of California, Irvine where he was an instructor and the artistic director of UCI's dance troupe.

The 2016 Bessie for Outstanding Revival (The New York Dance and Performance Awards) was presented to Rainbow ’Round My Shoulder by Donald McKayle, performed by Dayton Contemporary Dance Company, and produced by Paul Taylor American Modern Dance at the David H. Koch Theater "for giving a classic modern dance powerful new life, transforming the midcentury portrayal of an African-American prison chain gang into a searingly resonant cry for our current times, performed with humanity, craft, and beauty."

Companies
McKayle formed and directed his own dance company, Donald McKayle and Dancers (1951–69), and was the head of the Inner City Repertory Dance Company from 1970 to 1974. He maintained relationships with companies that are repositories of his work including the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theatre, the Cleveland San Jose Ballet, and the Los Angeles Contemporary Dance Theatre. He had been a choreographer of the Limon Dance Company from 1995 onwards. He had also choreographed over 70 pieces for dance companies around the world in the U.S., Canada, Israel, Europe and South America.

Selected choreography

 * Saturday's Child (1948)(1960)
 * Creole Afternoon (1950)
 * Games (1951)
 * Her Name was Harriet (1952)
 * Nocturne (1953)
 * The Street (1954)
 * Prelude to Action (1954)
 * Four Excursions (1956)
 * Rainbow 'Round My Shoulder (1959)
 * District Storyville (1962)
 * Blood of the Lamb (1963)
 * Reflections in the Park (1964)
 * Incantation (1968)
 * "Songs of the disinherited"
 * "Death and Eros (2000) with music composed for the dance by Jon Magnussen

Broadway choreography credits

 * Redhead, 1959 (Associate Choreographer)
 * Golden Boy, 1964 (Tony Award nominee for Best Choreography)
 * A Time for Singing, 1965
 * I'm Solomon, 1968
 * Raisin, 1973 (Tony Award nominee for Best Choreography and Best Direction)
 * Doctor Jazz, 1975 (Tony Award nominee for Best Choreography)
 * Sophisticated Ladies, 1981 (Tony Award nominee for Best Choreography)
 * It Ain't Nothin' But the Blues, 1999

Roles

 * House of Flowers (1954)
 * West Side Story (1957)

Selected film and television choreography

 * Ed Sullivan Show (CBS, 1966/67)
 * The Great White Hope (1970)
 * Bedknobs and Broomsticks (1970)
 * Charlie and the Angel (1972)
 * The New Bill Cosby Show (1972)
 * Free to Be... You and Me (1974)
 * Minstrel Man (CBS, 1977)
 * The Jazz Singer (1980)

title: Donald McKayle


text:
User talk:Hobson's Second Choice

This is what happens when you turn down an offer of sex from a bitter, jaded, and confused broad who tips the scales at a deuce and a half:

-Notice the snide tone in her voice. Reality is beckoning but she cannot bring herself to face the cruelties of the truth: She's just a fat lonely bitch!!!

Darling,

Your edits are still not NPOV, and as they are still not NPOV, they will be removed. If you're not going to read the relevant policy, I will summarise in that you cannot call Hilary Clinton a misandrist without saying that this is the opinion of someone notable (and even so it belongs on the page about Hilary), you cannot compare feminist skepticism of misandry to Holocaust denial without saying that this is the opinion of someone notable, you cannot qualify or quantify those who hold any view without reference or proof.

If you're going to want to contribute here, you're going to have to read at least a small part of how we do things around here. Your first port of call should be to read Neutral point of view and make sure you understand it. Because whether you think that I'm being flippant or not (I'm not), and no matter what names you call me, if the edits don't conform to that one policy, they will be removed.

And if it's not by me, it'll be by someone else.
 * Wikipedia policy is that all articles should be written from a neutral point of view: without bias, representing all majority- and significant-minority views fairly. According to Wikipedia founder Jimbo Wales, NPOV is "absolute and non-negotiable".

Dysprosia 09:24, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

Notable to whom? Is that statement not rife with POV? Hilary Clinton is seen as the postergirl for misandry by Masculists. That's Rush, Schnitt, Hannity, et all. Are they notable enough for her?

Christopher Reeve
Please see the talk page over at Christopher Reeve.

I'm sure there is a never-ending list of possible jokes that could be included. At some point, by including even a fraction of them we would have expanded the article by 3 or 5 times in length. Then there would have to be a process of selecting the "best Christopher Reeve being paralyzed jokes" and getting the list "down to size". And argument over which and how many and whether they were good enough and on and on.

And just what would that have to do with the person, Christopher Reeve, the subject of the article?

If you have to go on at length about the phenomenon of people making jokes of every conceivable situation, I'm sure there's an article about that here, or you could create one.

And where does that really intersect with this article?

In the mention that the phenomenon has been seen following the accident and its outcome. And how much more more than that statement is needed? Which is why I say the joke list damages the article.

Shenme 04:25, 21 April 2006 (UTC)

Please stop adding the list of jokes to the Christopher Reeve article. It isn't needed, and it looks unprofessional. The article already explains the phenomenon in enough detail without turning into a jokebook. — sjorford (talk)  08:47, 24 April 2006 (UTC)

 * As above, please stop re-adding the list. --Muchness 04:03, 25 April 2006 (UTC)

 * HSC, I would like to suggest that you revert this edit and consider discussing the topic at Talk:Christopher Reeve. Several people have reverted your attempts to add the list of jokes to the Christopher Reeve page, and they have explained their reasoning on the talk page.  Repeating the same, or essentially the same, edit to an article many times without reaching consensus on the talk page first, is not productive.  By using the talk page to explain and discuss the changes, you can prove that you are civil and acting in good faith.  Once you have reached agreement with the other editors, then you can carry out that agreement on the actual article.

Per your comparisons    of addings the jokes to Christopher Reeve compared with describing Hitler's actions, here's the difference as I see it. When one describes what Hitler did, they are not doing what he did; they are describing it. When one repeats a joke about a person with a disability, they are actually telling the joke, not just describing the fact that someone else has told it. I'd like to also rephrase this another way. It is generally acceptable to describe what Hitler did, such as "Hitler killed people." However, it is not acceptable to demonstrate what Hitler did; such as getting a gun, killing a couple of dozen people, and saying "Now, see how atrocious that was? Now you understand how bad of a person Hitler was." In this latter case, the demonstrator has themselves committed murder.

Consider this description: "Jokes about Christopher Reeve include plays on the words 'walk', 'neck', 'horse', and 'chair'; as well as drawing vivid, even morbid, pictures of his physical limitations." Describing the jokes in this manner points out the problem, but does not itself ridicule anyone. Quotes of the actual jokes do ridicule, and help to further spread the injustice. If a reader needs access to specific examples, perhaps some of the words in the description could be external-linked to the actual jokes; but even then, by providing easier access to the original joke, this aids in its dissemination. We describe Hitler's actions to discourage others from doing the same thing he did; the goal of describing jokes which are considered inappropriate should be the same -- to discourage others from telling those jokes.

There are other articles which describe the injustices done to people with disabilities. Some of these could be added to the See Also list in this article. Perhaps you could contribute to those articles. However, I caution against quoting of inappropriate jokes anywhere in Wikipedia for the reasons already given above.

Thank you for listening. *Charm ©† 07:24, 25 April 2006 (UTC)

Leaving comments on User and Talk pages
HSC, when leaving comments for another user, please add them to the user's "User talk" page, not their "User" page. For example, with this edit, you commented on User:Muchness instead of User talk:Muchness, which is where such comments belong.

Also, when adding a comment, please make sure you are adding the comment to the bottom of the User talk page, not replacing the entire page with your comment. An example of where you replaced an entire page with your comment, instead of adding it to the bottom, is here.

A couple of ways you can do this are (1) when you edit the page, scroll down to the bottom of the window and add your comment there, without deleting the text that is already there; or (2) when you click to edit the Talk page, click the [+] between "edit this page" and "history". This automatically adds what you type to the bottom.

Thank you. Charm ©† 06:15, 25 April 2006 (UTC)

Image Tagging for Image:Sensenbrenner2.jpg
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Jim Sensenbrenner
Please refrain from posting slanderous, untrue material. If you're posting something controversial, put up a source as well. --BaronLarf 01:02, 29 April 2006 (UTC)

Important Warning Do not replace existing images in articles with replacement images where the intention of the swap is either to provoke, offend, or push a POV agenda. Such actions can be seen as vandalism. You risk being blocked from editing Wikipedia for such an action. Please stop. If you continue to remove content from pages, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia. --BaronLarf 20:18, 5 May 2006 (UTC)

Lou Dobbs
It is inappropriate to add POV and unsourced assertions such as that Dobbs is "American media's foremost nativist"—this is not a statement of fact, but rather a subjective characterization. Equally inappropriate is the claim that "many believe" his clashes with his former producer to be because of his "deep-rooted anti-semitism." You then stated that Dobbs has denied these assertions and cited to an external link in a footnote. The link's story, while describing the conflict with his producer, contained no reference to Dobbs addressing or denying any claims, nor did it even suggest that anyone believed he was an anti-semite. That edit of yours was misleading to say the least. Please observe our policy of maintaining a neutral point of view in the future, and make sure that you do not imply that a factual assertion is supported by a source when it is not. Postdlf 22:52, 1 May 2006 (UTC)

BaronLarf
I know you think. baronlarf's a dick, but don't vandalize his page. Just remind him of WP:DICK. Chris  Ccool2ax  23:13, 6 May 2006 (UTC)

Block
You have been temporarily blocked from editing for vandalism of Wikipedia. Please note that page blanking, addition of random text or spam, deliberate misinformation, privacy violations, and repeated and blatant violation of WP:NPOV are considered vandalism. If you wish to make useful contributions, you may come back after the block expires. --BaronLarf 23:14, 6 May 2006 (UTC)

You have been blocked from editing Wikipedia for repeated vandalism. If or when the block expires, please refrain from vandalizing or this account will face longer blocks, and action could be taken against the individual who uses it. --BaronLarf 18:18, 19 May 2006 (UTC)

Image tagging for Image:Jel.jpg
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License tagging for Image:Juan.jpg
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RATT
Again, the previous Hall of Fame assertions were extremely POV and completely unsupportable. There's simply no way to demonstrate the the bad is "guaranteed" admission, a fact the bulk of the current article admits in detailing mainstream critics' frequent dismaissal of much of its work. Also, what is the legitimate source for the band being of "continuing importance and influence over rock music and the United States|American music industry"? On the former claim, one or two bands claiming they like RATT's sound doesn't qualify, otherwise every band could claim similar influence. Where is the source from objective rock journalism, or the multiple sources to multiple successful and productive current bands that nod toward RATT as an influence? Also, even if sourced, the claim will most likely have to be qualified, i.e., "RATT's early music continues to be influentital for..." or "RATT's music continues to be influential for the rising generation of metal bands." For the latter claim, precisely how is RATT continuing to influence the music industry today? Have they reimagined the album format, brought legions of new fans to a small genre, returned the genre to its roots in live performance, pioneered downloading, etc.? Finally, the claim that the band is "rivaled" only by Nirvana, GnR, Metallica, and Def Leppard appears tremendously vague and incredibly overblown. First, rival in what way? In terms of influence or historical importance, the band isn't even close to being regarded alongside Nirvana. In terms of album sales in the 80s, Def Leppard far outstrips them; in terms of album sales today, Metallica far outranks them. In fact, to claim that the band is "only rivaled" by this handful of bands implies that RATT sits atop a hill onto the peak of which that the other mentioned bands occasionally nudge their way. It appears you've had problems in the past in terms of NPOV, and been blocked twice before for failing to adhere to the community's rules. I sincerely hope we're not headed down that road again. --Patchyreynolds 17:16, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

Unspecified source for Image:Jel.jpg
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If the file also doesn't have a copyright tag, then one should be added. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then the GFDL-self tag can be used to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media meets the criteria at Fair use, use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

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Proposed deletion of Arthur Payson

The article Arthur Payson has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * Added search article is not a hoax but I found almost nothing relating to him. Not notable person.

While all contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing  will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. The speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Off2riorob (talk) 12:18, 29 December 2009 (UTC)

Unreferenced BLPs
Hello Hobson's Second Choice! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot alerting you that 1 of the articles that you created  is tagged as an Unreferenced Biography of a Living Person. The biographies of living persons policy requires that all personal or potentially controversial information be sourced. In addition, to insure verifiability, all biographies should be based on reliable sources. if you were to bring this article up to standards, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the article is adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the article:

Thanks!--DASHBot (talk) 21:43, 8 January 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) Arthur Payson -

title: User talk:Hobson's Second Choice


text:
PLOS Medicine

PLOS Medicine (formerly styled PLoS Medicine) is a peer-reviewed weekly medical journal covering the full spectrum of the medical sciences. It began operation on October 19, 2004, as the second journal of the Public Library of Science (PLOS), a non-profit open access publisher. All content in PLOS Medicine is published under the Creative Commons "by-attribution" license. To fund the journal, the publication's business model requires in most cases that authors pay publication fees. The journal was published online and in a printed format until 2005 and is now only published online. The journal's acting chief editor is Clare Stone, who replaced the previous chief editor, Larry Peiperl, in 2018.

Aims and scope
The journal's initial aim was to provide an open-access alternative to existing top-tier journals such as The New England Journal of Medicine and The Lancet and has concentrated on publishing papers on diseases that take the greatest toll on health globally. In 2009 the journal reaffirmed its scope and noted that it would use an evidence-based approach to give highest priority to studies on diseases and risk factors that cause the greatest burden worldwide.

From the outset the journal noted that it would not be part of "the cycle of dependency that has formed between journals and the pharmaceutical industry". The journal does not publish advertisements for pharmaceutical products or medical devices and the journal's open-access license means that it cannot benefit from exclusive reprint sales.

Abstracting and indexing
The journal is abstracted and indexed in Index Medicus/MEDLINE/PubMed, the Science Citation Index Expanded, Current Contents/Clinical Medicine, and BIOSIS Previews. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal had a 2014 impact factor of 14.429, ranking it 7th out of 153 journals in the category "Medicine, General & Internal".

Why Most Published Research Findings Are False (2005)
In 2005 PLOS Medicine published an essay by John P. A. Ioannidis entitled "Why Most Published Research Findings Are False". The essay used a simulation approach to demonstrate that for most study designs and settings it is more likely for a research claim to be false than true due to inherent biases in the way that modern science is conducted. This paper has met much approval, though Goodman and Greenland criticized it in a short comment and a longer analysis. Ioannidis has answered this critique. A profile of Ioannidis' work including a discussion of his 2005 paper appeared in the November 2010 issue of The Atlantic.

Male Circumcision for Reduction of HIV Infection Risk (2005)
The first randomized controlled trial to assess the effect of male circumcision on female to male HIV transmission was published in 2005 by Bertran Auvert and colleagues in PLOS Medicine. The Lancet a leading medical journal rejected this paper because of ethical concerns around how the trial was conducted before PLOS Medicine accepted it. The trial was stopped early by the Data and Safety Monitoring Board who advised the investigators to interrupt the trial and offer circumcision to the control group. The trial estimated that male circumcision protected 60% (95% CI: 32%–76%) for female-to-male HIV transmission.

The results of this trial along with two others led to the World Health Organization (WHO) assessing the evidence for male circumcision to prevent HIV transmission. The WHO and UNAIDS subsequently issued recommendations concerning male circumcision and HIV/AIDS including suggestions for government strategic plans, advocacy challenges and exploring the role of new technologies for voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) such as Prepex and other medical devices. Several Ministries of Health along with key stakeholders have committed to scaling up VMMC for HIV prevention in Southern and Eastern Africa.

Wyeth Ghostwriting Scandal (2009/2010)
In July 2009, a United States federal court decision resulted in the release of approximately 1500 documents detailing how articles highlighting specific marketing messages written by unattributed writers, but "authored" by academics, are strategically placed in the medical literature – a practice known as ghostwriting. To release these documents, PLOS Medicine, represented by the public interest law firm Public Justice, and The New York Times, acted as "intervenors" in litigation against menopausal hormone manufacturers by women who developed breast cancer while taking hormones. PLOS Medicine argued that sealed documents identified during the discovery process for the court case, which demonstrated the practice of ghostwriting, should be made available to the public.

The documents were initially made publicly available on the PLOS Medicine website but they are now available as part of the Drug Industry Documents Archive at the University of California, San Francisco. In 2010 PLOS Medicine published the first academic analysis of the documents by Adriane Fugh-Berman. Her article revealed that the pharmaceutical company Wyeth used ghostwritten articles to mitigate the perceived risks of breast cancer associated with menopausal hormone therapy (HT), to defend the unsupported cardiovascular "benefits" of HT, and to promote off-label, unproven uses of HT such as the prevention of dementia, Parkinson's disease, vision problems, and wrinkles. The article was subsequently covered by The Guardian.

Tamiflu clinical trial data sharing (2012)
In April 2012 PLOS Medicine published an article by three researchers who were involved in ongoing updates of a Cochrane Collaboration review of neuraminidase inhibitors for treating influenza, describing their experience of trying to gain access to clinical study reports for the antiviral Tamiflu (oseltamivir) from the drug's manufacturer Roche. The article outlined the need for access to all clinical trial data held by pharmaceutical companies and regulators, and detailed reasons given by Roche for not sharing data on Tamiflu.

In a commissioned perspective article published in the same issue of PLOS Medicine, regulators from the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and other national regulatory bodies outlined a shift in their stance on access to clinical trial data but also highlighted challenges that would need to be overcome. The regulators noted, "[w]e consider it neither desirable nor realistic to maintain the status quo of limited availability of regulatory trials data" and concluded, "[w]e welcome debate on these issues, and remain confident that satisfactory solutions can be found to make complete trial data available in a way that will be in the best interest of public health".

The article marked a move towards the proactive disclosure of clinical trial data and led to the EMA holding a workshop to establish how this could be done. At the workshop Guido Rasi, the EMA's Executive Director, announced "[t]oday represents the first step in delivering our vision. We are not here to decide if we will publish clinical-trial data, only how. We need to do this to rebuild trust and confidence in the whole system". PLOS Medicine chief editor, Virginia Barbour, was an invited speaker at the workshop representing the media.

title: PLOS Medicine


text:
Bill Waddington

William Joseph Waddington (10 June 1916 – 9 September 2000) was an English actor, comedian and co-author who was born in Oldham, Lancashire. In later life he achieved stardom as the pompous ex-serviceman Percy Sugden in Granada Television's long-running soap opera Coronation Street.

Biography
Waddington was born on Saturday 10 June 1916 in Oldham, Lancashire. His parents William and Epsie ran the Clarence Hotel, a public house in Oldham. He was the couple's fourth child, having lost twins the year before. Waddington, and his sister Connie, were brought up by family friends as their father fought in the First World War, and their mother worked all hours to keep the children fed. The family moved house frequently and Waddington attended many different schools in Oldham. It was at school he took to the stage, and during one performance he was spotted by the choirmaster of the Oldham parish church, and persuaded to join. However, he was expelled from the choir for stealing two bananas from the harvest festival display. Having been expelled from his first school for being unruly, he finished his education, age 14, at grammar school being described as "the clown for the class".

Away from the stage, he developed a career as a butcher, and worked delivering meat for a chain of shops before being promoted to manager of the local branch. At the age of eighteen, he began travelling to Blackpool to see his favourite stars on stage, and started to have thoughts of becoming a performer. His mother was less supportive, and Waddington had a series of jobs as a manager of a butchers in Blackpool, a door-to-door salesman, and a car salesman.

Inspired by George Formby, Waddington played the ukulele and his talent as a comedian was spotted when he was an NCO cook in the army during Second World War. He became a member of a group called the Blue Pencils, recruited to entertain forces during the War. He won the Normandy medal and Liberation of France medal.

After the war, Waddington became a comedian, often appearing on the same bill as Jill Summers, who would eventually play Phyllis Pearce, Percy Sugden's foil in Granada TV's Coronation Street. In 1955, Bill was chosen for the Royal Variety Performance, and when American stars such as Frankie Laine, Lena Horne, Billy Daniels and Dorothy Lamour toured Britain he was the opening comedian in their shows. His agent was Lew Grade. In his first pantomime, he met actress Lilian Day whom he would later marry.

Waddington appeared in more than 800 variety and comedy programmes on radio, and made his mark on television, starring with Margaret Lockwood as early as 1946. In the 1970s, he enjoyed a stage partnership with Sid James, only ended by James' death in 1976.

In 1975, Waddington played Harry in one episode of the sitcom How's Your Father?, written by Coronation Street writer John Stevenson. He appeared as a magician in Victoria Wood's first play Talent for Granada Television in 1979.

Between 1967-80, Waddington played four roles in Coronation Street. His first two parts were uncredited as a man with a pipe in a cafe scene in 1967 and a drunken businessman who laughed at one of Stan Ogden's jokes in 1974. He also appeared as Eric Summers, Rita Sullivan's theatrical manager, in 1978 and George Turner, best man at the wedding of Emily Bishop and bigamist Arnold Swain, in 1980.

Two years into retirement, aged 67, Waddington played his best known role of cantankerous pensioner Percy Sugden in Coronation Street from August 1983 until quitting the serial in October 1997, citing the soap had become too raunchy. He resisted attempts by writers to kill the character off, instead leaving the street to live out the rest of his days at Mayfield Court; a retirement home. Waddington didn't audition for the role of Percy Sugden, as it was created for him; with the writers aware of his of comedy roles. In one autobiography, Waddington agrees that he and Sugden have lots in common. Sugden forever compared the problems of today with the good old days of the war: "When you've prepared spotted dick and custard for 150 under heavy artillery fire, you can do anything," was one of his characters more memorable lines. It was in this role he was reunited with old friends from music hall days such as: Betty Driver, Jill Summers and Tom Mennard. By the time Waddington left Coronation Street there were five Percy Sugden Appreciation Societies, including one at Cambridge University.

He was the subject of This Is Your Life in 1986 when he was surprised by Eamonn Andrews and Joe Loss with his orchestra at London's Euston Station. In 1989, along with the rest of the Coronation Street cast, Waddington made a second Royal Variety Performance appearance. He also wrote two books, an autobiography, 'The Importance of Being Percy' in 1992, and a tie in with the 50th anniversary of the D-Day landings, 'Percy's War' in 1994.

After leaving Coronation Street in 1997, Waddington retired from full-time acting, with his last television appearance in a Little Chef TV advert.

Music
In 1995, he released a cover of "Always Look on the Bright Side of Life" along with the rest of the Coronation Street cast, the single reaching No. 35 on the UK Singles Chart. He had previously released his own single "Don't Forget The Old Folks at Christmas" in 1986 but this failed to chart.

Personal life and death
In 1940, Waddington married Evelyn Gladys Case. They had a son but divorced in 1947. Waddington's second marriage was in 1947 to Lilian Day. They had two daughters, Denise and Barbara, remaining together until her death from Cancer in 1980.

In 1982, Waddington married Irene Beaumont, however the marriage ended in divorce after 9 months. Waddington married Sheila Torr, sister of comic duos The Chuckle Brothers and The Patton Brothers and almost 20 years his junior, in 1995, and the couple lived in a 17th Century farmhouse high on the Pennine Moors, in the nearby village of Micklebring, near Rotherham. He had over 2000 pigs, turkeys and several race horses.

Waddington became increasingly frail, and spent his final months at a nursing home in Maltby, South Yorkshire, where his wife visited him daily. Waddington died at Rotherham General Hospital on the morning of 9 September 2000 at the age of 84 after a fifty-year acting career. He had been suffering from Parkinson's disease and was buried at St. Peter's graveyard at Minshull Vernon, near Crewe.

TV credits

 * A Family at War (1970) - Ted Fiddler
 * Talent (1979) - George Findley
 * Coronation Street (1967–1997) - Percy Sugden / George Turner / Eric Summers / Jack / Man with Pipe

title: Bill Waddington


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Rugby/Archive

Aim
This WikiProject aims to maintain its children Wikiprojects: Rugby league and Rugby union as well as recognising, organising and improving the common areas between the codes. All other minor codes of rugby are also under control at this project.

Focus on Both forms

 * 🇦🇺 DaGizza 24 Aug 05
 * 🇦🇺 POds 19 Dec 05
 * GordyB
 * Rakuten06
 * 🏴 cf38 24th November 07

Parentage/Descendants

 * WikiProject Rugby Union
 * WikiProject Rugby League

Formatting
Every player should have player profile links from the website of their club and another from the national league that they participate in. E.g. Karmichael Hunt has a profile from the Broncos website and the NRL site.

Rest To be decided among participants

Heirachy
The main article appropriately should be called Rugby football because Rugby is a disambiguation page. The Rest to be decided among participants

Dicussion among participants
Please go here

Templates
Template:Infobox_nrl_club

Please add any more here

title: Wikipedia:WikiProject Rugby/Archive


text:
Cocconerion

Cocconerion is a genus of plants under the family Euphorbiaceae first described as a genus in 1873. The entire genus is endemic to New Caledonia and is related to Baloghia.

 * Species
 * 1) Cocconerion balansae Baill. - SE New Caledonia
 * 2) Cocconerion minus Baill. - New Caledonia, Loyalty Islands

title: Cocconerion


text:
Kalicchi

Kalicchi is married to Kaliyan according to Akilathirattu Ammanai, the holy book of the Ayyavazhi sect of Hinduism. She is similar to Eve in the Christian tradition.

Kaliyan
As soon as Kaliyan was born in an inverted form he was presented to Shiva. The Devas asked him to request boons from Shiva. Kaliyan replied, "Will that fellow, by wearing a snake on his neck, and ash on forehead and seated on a skin of elephant, be ready to give me what I need?" With this, Kaliyan insulted Shiva. By hearing this the devas asked him, "Don’t insult him. He was the one who created the world and offered food for every life in the world. He was the light that was not even visible to Mayon and Nathan. (This is an allusion to when Shiva appeared in a form of endless lingam of light when there was a dispute between Mayon and Nathan as to who is the greatest and in order to subdue their pride.) He will be able to give what you claim." Then Kaliyan asked, "If he was the one who created the world ask him to create a beautiful girl for me."

Appearance of Kalicchi
Shiva queried, "Shall I create a girl who was in equal strength with you?" For this was how Kaliyan defined how his wife should be. She must be more beautiful than I am, but of half the strength. Her mouth should be beautiful. She must have breasts like palmyra nuts. Her face, vulva, eyes and vision should be beautiful. Her hips should be narrow. Her hands, legs, teeth and her walk should be beautiful. Also her thigh should be beautiful. The front of her chest and the back of her head must be beautiful. She must dress beautifully. She must be created with a sweet fragrance. She must be with a great beauty so that the Trimurti should be lascivious with her.

Birth of Kalicchi
By hearing this Shiva asked Parvathi what to do. She replied, "As per his deed create him a woman by take a rib-bone from him. Don’t delay." Then as per the request of Kaliyan, Shiva decided to create Kalicchi. Shiva's vision falls keely on a left rib-bone of Kaliyan, and he in his mind thinks Manmadan. The rib-bone transformed into a woman, exactly of Kaliyan's description. Her appearance created more lust in the mind of Kaliyan. As soon as Kaliyan saw her he ran and kissed her. He kept her by his side. He only cared about her and forgot all about Shiva.

title: Kalicchi


text:
Myricanthe

Myricanthe is a genus of plants in the family Euphorbiaceae first described as a genus in 1980. It has only one known species, Myricanthe discolor, endemic to New Caledonia.

title: Myricanthe


text:
TANS

TANS may refer to:

 * TANS Perú, a defunct Peruvian airline
 * Territorial Army Nursing Service, a British military nursing organisation which amalgamated into Queen Alexandra's Royal Army Nursing Corps
 * Tabled variant asymmetric numeral systems (tANS), in asymmetric numeral systems

title: TANS


text:
Talk:Trinity College, Glasgow

Content
The article is about the College, which still exists. It shouldn't be transformed into an article on the old College buildings, with a bit of history mentioning the College. The material on the buiildings can go into a new section. --Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 09:32, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Trinity College, Glasgow


text:
Ricco Groß

Ricco Groß (also spelled Gross, born 22 August 1970) is a former German biathlete. He is one of the most successful biathletes of all time at the Winter Olympics and the World Championships.

Personal life
He has been married to his wife Kathrin since 1994 and they have three sons: Marco (born 1995), Simon (b. 1998), and Gabriel (b. 2004). He is a Hauptfeldwebel (Sergeant First Class) in the German Bundeswehr..

Career
Groß started out as a cross-country skier but switched to biathlon at the age of 13. He made his World Cup debut at the age of 20. His first club was the SG Dynamo Klingenthal until 1991. In the Biathlon World Cup of 1997/1998, he came second in the overall competition. In the biathlon competition at the 1992, 1994, and 1998 Winter Olympics, he won gold medals as part of the men's 4 × 7.5 km relay team. At the 2002 Winter Olympics in the 4 × 7.5 km relay for men the German team won silver and at the 12.5 km pursuit for men, he won bronze for himself. He took a total of eight Olympic medals during his career, including four relay golds.

In the Biathlon World Championships sprint (10 km) he won bronze in 1995, and silver in 2003 and 2004. In 1999, 2003, and 2004, he won gold in the pursuit (12.5 km). In the individual (20 km), he won gold in 1997, silver in 1999, and bronze in 2003 and 2005. He took a total of nine World Championship titles. Groß took a total of 53 individual podium finishes in World Cup competition, including nine race wins.

After retiring from competition Groß settled in Ruhpolding. He has worked as a commentator on biathlon for German television and was appointed as coach of the German women's biathlon team in 2010. He was subsequently announced as senior trainer for the German IBU Cup team in April 2014. In August 2015 he became a senior coach for the Russian men's biathlon squad, agreeing a contract up to the 2017-18 season. In this role he guided the team to the 2016-17 relay World Cup title. In May 2018, Groß was announced as head coach for the Austrian men's biathlon team.

Biathlon results
All results are sourced from the International Biathlon Union.

Olympic Games
8 medals (4 gold, 3 silver, 1 bronze)
 * *Pursuit was added as an event in 2002, with mass start being added in 2006.

World Championships
20 medals (9 gold, 5 silver, 6 bronze)
 * *During Olympic seasons competitions are only held for those events not included in the Olympic program.
 * **Team was removed as an event in 1998, and pursuit was added in 1997 with mass start being added in 1999 and the mixed relay in 2005.

Individual victories
9 victories (3 In, 1 Sp, 4 Pu, 1 MS)
 * *Results are from UIPMB and IBU races which include the Biathlon World Cup, Biathlon World Championships and the Winter Olympic Games.

title: Ricco Groß


text:
Høre Stave Church

Høre Stave Church (Høre stavkyrkje) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Vang Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the village of Kvien. It is the church for the Høre parish which is part of the Valdres prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Hamar. The brown, wooden church was built in a long church design around the year 1179 using plans drawn up by an unknown architect. The church seats about 170 people.

History
The earliest existing historical records of the church date back to the year 1327, but the church was not built that year. The first Høre church was a wooden post church (a church with earth-bound posts standing directly on the ground) that was built in the 11th century. Over 100 years later, around the year 1179, the old church was torn down and a new wooden stave church was constructed on roughly the same site. The new church had a long church design. Through a dendrochronological study of the church, the wood is dated to the years 1178-1179. A runic inscription upon the medieval pulpit reads: "Þá, um þat sumar [létu] þeir brœðr Erlingr ok Auðun hôggva till kirkju þessar, er Erlingr ja[rl fe]ll í Niðarósi" which translates to The brothers Erling and Audun had the timber for this church felled, the summer that Erling Jarl fell in Nidaros. This refers to the Battle of Kalvskinnet in 1179, which supports the dendrochronological evidence that the church was built in 1179. There are also several other runic inscriptions, and items with runic inscriptions in the church. There are also a number of graves under the church, including those of children, some of which pre-date the present church which lends support to the fact that a previous church stood on roughly the same site before the present church. Over the years, the church was repaired several times including in the 1660s, 1680s, 1724, and 1740.

In 1822, the church was significantly renovated and expanded. The work was led by builder Ole J. Ulen from Slidre. During this project, the old choir was torn down and a new, larger choir was built. Also, the nave was lengthened by extending it towards west. It was also widened by taking the old open-air corridors that once surrounded the church and incorporating them into the north and south sides of the nave. In 1857, the old rooftop was taken down and a new tower was built on a reinforced construction over the ceiling. There was another extensive restoration and rebuilding in 1888-1889. The exterior walls received paneled siding to cover the log building construction. The church also received a sacristy addition and a new slate roof. In 1970, the church was restored under the leadership of Bjarne Hvoslef. In 1952, the floors were taken up and rot-damaged wood was removed and replaced with new materials. In 1979, the floors were once again sagging so the floors were again taken up and repaired. During this work, archaeological investigations were also carried out. The excavation uncovered artifacts including 357 coins. The oldest of the coins dates back to a period 1042–1047.

title: Høre Stave Church


text:
User:Erwin Walsh

This account has a very similar name to the account User:Erwin Walsh. However, it is NOT the same account. It has most likely been used as a way of making a confusing and stealthy sockpuppet, and it has therefore been blocked indefinitely. Sjakkalle (Check!)  12:01, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User:Erwin Walsh


text:
Talk:Citroën Xantia

Styling
The "Although the Xantia was not as dramatically styled as the Citroën BX, it was certainly more distinctive than its contemporaries such as the conservative Ford Mondeo and Opel Vectra." passage hardly holds water, none of the Xantia, Mondeo or Vectra could ever be described as "distinctive". Apart from that, this is sounds more like an opinion rather than verifiable fact and facts are what the reader of an encyclopedia wants. Thanks for an otherwise informative article. AadaamS (talk) 07:39, 9 August 2009 (UTC)

 * ✅ - I don't know when but this appears to have been dealt with. Thank you for bringing it up ツ Je no va  20  (email) 14:56, 9 April 2013 (UTC)

Linkspam
I just removed more than half of the External links from this article which led to forums and owner clubs. Anyone thinking of readding any should read our policy on External links. Thanks ツ Je no va  20  (email) 14:56, 9 April 2013 (UTC)

Because...
Because I couldn't see at the time where it would best be suited, and just because something is well sourced does not mean that it is actually relevant to the section it is in. Chaheel Riens (talk) 18:20, 26 November 2017 (UTC)

Production
"When production ended in January 2001, Iran's SAIPA started production of the Xantia. Iran manufacturing ended by September 2010. Production in France, however, continued until October 2002, which overlapped with the C5 by eighteen months" - so when did production end? January 2001? October 2002? September 2010? -Ashley Pomeroy (talk) 19:59, 25 January 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Citroën Xantia


text: Category:Open content

title: Category:Open content


text:
User talk:Erwin Walsh

This account has been indefinitely blocked as a stealthy sockpuppet or impostor of User:Erwin Walsh. Sjakkalle (Check!)  12:01, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Why isn't the code/double-hyphen being displayed for the title?   ‡   Jarlaxle   21:33, August 24, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Erwin Walsh


text: Talk:Internal communications

title: Talk:Internal communications


text:
Chase Collegiate School

Chase Collegiate School was a nonsectarian private day school offering education for children from pre-kindergarten through grade 12. The school was on a 47 acre campus in Waterbury, Connecticut. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the school announced its closure on August 13, 2020.

, the enrollment was 276 students: 61 Lower School (age 3 pre-kindergarten through 5th grade), 75 Middle School (6th through 8th grades), and 140 Upper School (high school).

History
Chase was a co-educational school formed by the merger of two single-sex schools. The first was a girls' school established in 1865 as Collegiate Institute for Young Ladies, later St. Margaret's School for Girls. The second was a boys' school established in 1912 as the McTernan School for Boys. Upon merging in 1972, the combined school was called St. Margaret's-McTernan. The unified name was meant to appeal to both school communities.

Circa 2004-2005 a "School Name Committee" was determining whether to and how to change the school's name. The school leadership wanted a name that showed secularism as the school was at that point secular. The institution was renamed to Chase Collegiate School in 2005. All members of the school's board of trustees had voted to rename the school.

On October 2, 2017, the school announced that it had been purchased by York Education Group, a for-profit entity which owns multiple schools.

The school closed in August 2020 before the 2020-2021 school year could begin, during the COVID-19 pandemic in Connecticut. The school stated that the pandemic caused the closure. By 2021 the campus was sold to Area Cooperative Educational Services (ACES), an organization that operates charter schools. ACES operates "ACES at Chase" at the former Chase Collegiate campus.

Notable alumni

 * Grant Goodeve - television actor
 * Steven Erlanger - journalist
 * Joan Bennett - actress
 * Lucia Chase - founding patron of the American Ballet Theatre
 * Jayne Meadows - stage, film, and television actress
 * Gene Tierney - actress

title: Chase Collegiate School


text:
Beyeria

Beyeria is a genus of shrubs and small trees in the family Euphorbiaceae known as turpentine bushes. It was first described as a genus in 1844. The entire genus is endemic to Australia.

• # Beyeria apiculata Halford & R.J.F.Hend. - SW WA
 * Species

• # Beyeria calycina Airy Shaw - S WA

• # Beyeria cinerea (Mull.Arg.) Benth. - W WA

• # Beyeria cockertonii Halford & R.J.F.Hend. - SW WA

• # Beyeria constellata Halford & R.J.F.Hend. - SW WA

• # Beyeria cyanescens (Mull.Arg.) Benth. - Dorre I, Lyndon

• # Beyeria disciformis Halford & R.J.F.Hend. - SW WA

• # Beyeria gardneri Airy Shaw - SW WA

• # Beyeria lanceolata Halford & R.J.F.Hend. - NSW, Vic

• # Beyeria lapidicola Halford & R.J.F.Hend. - W WA

• # Beyeria lasiocarpa Mull.Arg. - Qld, NSW, Vic

• # Beyeria latifolia Baill. - SW WA

• # Beyeria lechenaultii (DC.) Baill. - NSW, Vic, Tas, SA, WA

• # Beyeria lepidopetala F.Muell. - W WA

• # Beyeria minor (Airy Shaw) Halford & R.J.F.Hend. - SW WA

• # Beyeria opaca F.Muell. - NSW, Vic, SA, WA

• # Beyeria physaphylla Halford & R.J.F.Hend. - S WA

• # Beyeria rostellata Halford & R.J.F.Hend. - Mt. Jackson range

• # Beyeria similis (Mull.Arg.) Benth. - SW WA

• # Beyeria simplex Halford & R.J.F.Hend. - SW WA

• # Beyeria subtecta J.M.Black - Kangaroo I

• # Beyeria sulcata Halford & R.J.F.Hend. - S WA

• # Beyeria villosa Halford & R.J.F.Hend. - SW WA

• # Beyeria viscosa (Labill.) Miq. - NSW, Qld, Tas, SA, WA

moved to other genera: Bertya Shonia
 * formerly included
 * 1) B. bickertonensis - Shonia bickertonensis
 * 2) B. tristigma - Shonia tristigma
 * 3) B. virgata - Bertya virgata

title: Beyeria


text:
Erin Corr

Erin Corr (1803 – August 10, 1862 ) was an Irish engraver, who was born in Brussels of Irish descent. He spent 10 years engraving the copper-plate for Rubens's Descent from the Cross. In 1833, he was elected into the National Academy of Design as an Honorary Academician. He was among the illustrators and engravers who worked on Charles Morren's horticultural review, La Belgique Horticole.

He is the brother of the Belgian painter Isabelle Marie Françoise (Fanny) Geefs-Corr (1807–1883).

title: Erin Corr


text:
Hardraw Force

Hardraw Force (OS grid ref: ) is a waterfall on Hardraw Beck in Hardraw Scar, a wooded ravine just outside the hamlet of Hardraw, 1.5 km north of the town of Hawes, Wensleydale, in the Yorkshire Dales. The Pennine Way long distance footpath passes close by.

Comprising a single drop of 100 ft from a rocky overhang, Hardraw Force is claimed to be England's highest unbroken waterfall – at least discounting underground falls. The underground waterfall inside nearby Gaping Gill on the western flank of Ingleborough has an unbroken fall of more than 300 ft.

Geologically the bed of the river and plunge pool is shale; on top of that is sandstone and the top layer is carboniferous limestone.

It is on private land but public access to the falls is available through a turnstile behind the Green Dragon Inn. The current cost is £4 per adult, £2.50 per child. Access behind the falls is now prohibited.

Hardraw Scar
Hardraw Scar (54.316°N, -2.205°W) is a limestone gorge behind the Green Dragon inn at Hardraw near Hawes in the Yorkshire Dales. It is a natural amphitheatre and in September is the site of an annual brass-band contest. The contest attracts bands from all over the North of England and is a popular event amongst players and audiences alike.

The gorge is alongside the Pennine Way. Access to the gorge is via the nearby public house.

In 1899 a great flood came racing over the waterfall and into Hardraw itself, ruining buildings and uprooting coffins from the graveyard. The lip of the waterfall was demolished by the force of the water and the landowner at the time (Lord Wharncliffe) got his estate manager to repair the lip and it is now held together at the top by metal stakes.

Hardraw Force and popular culture

Both J. M. W. Turner and William Wordsworth visited the waterfall and both men stayed at the Green Dragon Inn.

The falls were used as a location in the film Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves, in the scene where Maid Marian catches Robin Hood bathing under a waterfall.

Hardraw Force is the setting for a brass-band competition held annually on the second Sunday in September. The competition was first held in the natural amphitheatre of the falls in 1884 when six bands took part; the competition lapsed in 1927 but was revived in 1976. In recent years two other musical events have started up at the falls: the Hawdraw Bash is a folk-rock concert in early July and the Hardraw Gathering is a three-day festival of traditional music at the end of July.

title: Hardraw Force