text:
Bereavement in Judaism

Bereavement in Judaism is a combination of minhag (traditions) and mitzvah (commandments) derived from the Torah and Judaism's classical rabbinic literature. The details of observance and practice vary according to each Jewish community.

Mourners
In Judaism, the principal mourners are the first-degree relatives: parent, child, sibling, and spouse. There are some customs that are specific to an individual mourning a parent.

Religious laws concerning mourning do not apply to those under thirteen years of age, nor do they apply when the deceased is aged 30 days or less.

Upon receiving news of the death
Upon receiving the news of the death, the following blessing is recited:

 * ברוך אתה יי אלוהינו מלך העולם, דיין האמת

Barukh atah Adonai Eloheinu melekh ha'olam, dayan ha-emet. ("Blessed are You, Lord, our God, King of the universe, the True Judge.")

In the Tanakh (Jewish Bible) the custom was to tear one's clothes at the moment one heard news of a death. The modern practice is for the close relatives who are the principal mourners to tear their clothing at the funeral.

Terminology and timing

 * Avel (plural Avelim) – mourner(s)
 * Avelut – mourning. There are different levels, based on who is mourned and timing:
 * Aninut – generally the day when the news is heard; before burial. A mourner in this period is known as an onen.
 * Shiva – seven days, from the Hebrew word for "seven". Begins with day of burial.
 * Shloshim – 30 days, starting from the day of burial
 * Shneim asar chodesh – mourning period of twelve months for a deceased parent
 * Chevra kadisha – burial society
 * Hesped – eulogy
 * Qaddish – said by a mourner (or by someone else, on behalf of ...)
 * Qeriah – tearing. Timing varies by custom. At times deferred to funeral chapel or at the cemetery
 * Qvura – burial
 * Levaya – funeral service. The word means "escort(ing)."
 * L'Illui Nishmat – Hebrew for elevation of the soul, sometimes abbreviated LI"N
 * Matzevah – monument or tombstone. See also Unveiling of the tombstone
 * Petira – passing
 * Shemira – watching or guarding of the body until burial, to ensure it is not left unaccompanied
 * Tahara – purification (by water) of the body
 * Yahrzeit – Yiddish for anniversary of the (Hebrew / Jewish) date of passing

Chevra kadisha
The chevra kadisha (חברה קדישא "sacred society") is a Jewish burial society usually consisting of volunteers, men and women, who prepare the deceased for proper Jewish burial. Their job is to ensure that the body of the deceased is shown proper respect, ritually cleansed, and shrouded.

Many local chevra kadishas in urban areas are affiliated with local synagogues, and they often own their own burial plots in various local cemeteries. Some Jews pay an annual token membership fee to the chevra kadisha of their choice, so that when the time comes, the society will not only attend to the body of the deceased as befits Jewish law, but will also ensure burial in a plot that it controls at an appropriate nearby Jewish cemetery.

If no gravediggers are available, then it is additionally the function of the male society members to ensure that graves are dug. In Israel, members of chevra kadishas consider it an honor not only to prepare the body for burial but also to dig the grave for a fellow Jew's body, particularly if the deceased was known to be a righteous person.

Many burial societies hold one or two annual fast days, especially the 7th day of Adar, Yartzeit of Moshe Rabbeinu (Moses), and organize regular study sessions to remain up to date with the relevant articles of Jewish law. In addition, most burial societies also support families during the shiva (traditional week of mourning) by arranging prayer services, preparing meals, and providing other services for the mourners.

Preparing the body – taharah
There are three major stages to preparing the body for burial: washing (rechitzah), ritual purification (taharah), and dressing (halbashah). The term taharah is used to refer both to the overall process of burial preparation, and to the specific step of ritual purification.

Prayers and readings from Torah, including Psalms, Song of Songs, Isaiah, Ezekiel, and Zechariah are recited.

The general sequence of steps for performing taharah is as follows.

 * 1) The body (guf) is uncovered (it has been covered with a sheet awaiting taharah).
 * 2) The body is washed carefully. Any bleeding is stopped and all blood is buried along with the deceased. The body is thoroughly cleaned of dirt, body fluids, and solids, and anything else that may be on the skin. All jewelry is removed. The beard (if present) is not shaved.
 * 3) The body is purified with water, either by immersion in a mikveh or by pouring a continuous stream of 9 kavim (usually 3 buckets) in a prescribed manner.
 * 4) The body is dried (according to most customs).
 * 5) The body is dressed in traditional burial clothing (tachrichim). A sash (avnet) is wrapped around the clothing and tied in the form of the Hebrew letter shin, representing Shaddai, one of the names of God.
 * 6) The casket (aron) (if there is one) is prepared by removing any linings or other embellishments. A winding sheet (sovev) is laid into the casket. Outside the Land of Israel, if the deceased wore a prayer shawl (tallit) during their life, one is laid in the casket for wrapping the body once it is placed therein. One of the corner fringes (tzitzit) is removed from the shawl to signify that it will no longer be used for prayer and that the person is absolved from having to keep any of the mitsvot.
 * 7) The body is lifted into the casket and wrapped in the prayer shawl and sheet. Soil (afar) from the Land of Israel, if available, is placed over various parts of the body and sprinkled in the casket.
 * 8) The casket is closed.

After the closing of the casket, the ḥevra asks forgiveness of the deceased for any inadvertent lack of honor shown to the deceased in the preparation of the body for burial.

Caskets are not used in Israel (with the exception of military and state funerals, when the casket is being carried on the shoulders of others) or in many parts of the Diaspora, especially in Eastern Europe and Arab countries. Instead, the body is carried to the grave (or guided on a gurney) wrapped in a shroud and tallit and placed directly in the earth. In the Diaspora, in general, a casket is only used if required by local law. Traditionally, caskets are simple and made of unfinished wood; both wood with a finish and metal would slow the return of the body to dust. Strictly-observant practice avoids all metal; the wood parts of the casket are joined by wood dowels rather than nails.

There is no viewing of the body and no open casket at the funeral. Sometimes the immediate family verify the identity of the deceased and pay their final respects right before the funeral.

From death until burial, it is traditional for guards or shomrim "watchers" to stay with the deceased. It is traditional to recite Psalms (Tehillim) during this time.

Funeral service
The Jewish funeral consists of a burial, also known as an interment. Cremation is forbidden. Burial is considered to allow the body to decompose naturally, therefore embalming is forbidden. Burial is intended to take place in as short an interval of time after death as possible. Displaying of the body prior to burial does not take place. Flowers are usually not found at a traditional Jewish funeral but may be seen at statesmen's or heroes' funerals in Israel.

In Israel, the Jewish funeral service usually commences at the burial ground. In the United States and Canada, the funeral service commences either at a funeral home or at the cemetery. Occasionally the service will commence at a synagogue. In the case of a prominent individual, the funeral service can begin at a synagogue or a yeshivah. If the funeral service begins at a point other than at the cemetery, the entourage accompanies the body in a procession to the cemetery. Usually the funeral ceremony is brief and includes the recitation of psalms, followed by a eulogy (hesped), and finishes with a traditional closing prayer, the El Maleh Rachamim. The funeral, the procession accompanying the body to the place of burial, and the burial, are referred to by the word levayah, meaning "escorting." Levayah also indicates "joining" and "bonding." This aspect of the meaning of levayah conveys the suggestion of a commonality among the souls of the living and the dead.

Yemenite Jews, prior to their return to the land of Israel, maintained an ancient practice during the funeral procession to halt at, at least, seven stations before the actual burial of the dead, beginning from the entrance of the house from whence the bier is taken, to the graveyard itself. This has come to be known as Ma'amad u'Moshav, (lit. "Standing and Sitting"), or "seven standings and sittings," and is mentioned in Tosefta Pesahim 2: 14–15, during which obsequies only men and boys thirteen years and older took part, but never women. At these stations, the bier is let down by the pallbearers upon the ground, and those accompanying will recite "Hatzur Tamim Pe'ulo," etc. "Ana Bakoach," etc., said in a doleful dirge-like melody, and which verses are followed by one of the party reading certain Midrashic literature and liturgical verse that speaks about death, and which are said to eulogize the deceased.

Keriah
The mourners traditionally make a tear (keriah or kriah, ) in an outer garment before or at the funeral. The tearing is required to extend in length to a tefach (handbreadth), or what is equivalent to about 9 cm. The tear should be on the left side (over the heart and clearly visible) for a parent, including foster parents, and on the right side for siblings (including half-brothers and half-sisters ), children, and spouses (and does not need to be visible). Non-Orthodox Jews will often make the keriah in a small black ribbon that is pinned to the lapel rather than in the lapel itself.

In the instance when a mourner receives the news of the death and burial of a relative after an elapsed period of 30 days or more, there is no keriah, or tearing of the garment, except in the case of a parent. In the case of a parent, the tearing of the garment is to be performed no matter how long a period has elapsed between the time of death and the time of receiving the news.

If a child of the deceased needs to change clothes during the shiva period, they must tear the changed clothes. No other family member is required to tear changed clothes during shiva. Children of the deceased may never sew the torn clothes, but any other mourner may mend the clothing 30 days after the burial.

Eulogies
A hesped is a eulogy, and it is common for several people to speak at the start of the ceremony at the funeral home, as well as prior to burial at the gravesite.

"[A]nd Abraham came to eulogize Sarah." uses the word "Lispod" from which is derived the Hebrew term Hesped.

There is more than one purpose for the eulogy.
 * it is both for the deceased and the living, and should appropriately praise the person's good deeds.
 * to make us cry

Some people specify in their wills that nothing should be said about them.

Days of "no eulogy"
Eulogies are forbidden on certain days; likewise on a Friday afternoon.

Some other times are:
 * each month's Jewish New Moon (Rosh Chodesh)
 * the four days between Yom Kippur and Sukkot
 * Chol HaMo'ed ("intermediate days" of Jewish holidays)
 * during the month of Nisan

A more general guideline is that when the Tachanun (supplication prayer) is omitted, it is permitted to deliver a brief eulogy emphasizing only the praise of the departed; the extensive eulogy is postponed, and may be said at another time during the year of mourning.

Burial

Kevura, or burial, should take place as soon as possible after death. The Torah requires burial as soon as possible, even for executed criminals. Burial is delayed "for the honor of the deceased," usually to allow more time for far-flung family to come to the funeral and participate in the other post-burial rituals, but also to hire professionals, or to bury the deceased in a cemetery of their choice.

Respect for the dead can be seen from many examples in the Torah and Tanakh. For example, one of the last events in the Torah is the death of Moses when God himself buries him: "[God] buried him in the depression in the land of Moab, opposite Beth Peor. No man knows the place that he was buried, even to this day."

In many traditional funerals, the body, wrapped in a shroud (or casket where used), will be carried from the hearse to the grave in seven stages. These are accompanied by seven recitations of Psalm 91. There is a symbolic pause after each stage (which are omitted on days when a eulogy would also not be recited.)

When the funeral service has ended, the mourners come forward to fill the grave. Symbolically, this gives the mourners closure as they observe, or participate in, the filling of the grave site. One custom is for all people present at the funeral to take a spade or shovel, held pointing down instead of up, to show the antithesis of death to life and that this use of the shovel is different from all other uses, to throw three shovelfuls of dirt into the grave.

Some have the custom to initially use the shovel "backwards" for the first few shovelfuls. Even among those who do it, some limit this to just the first few participants.

When someone is finished, they put the shovel back in the ground, rather than handing it to the next person, to avoid passing along their grief to other mourners. This literal participation in the burial is considered a particularly good mitzvah because it is one for which the beneficiary—the deceased—can offer no repayment or gratitude and thus it is a pure gesture.

Some have a custom, once the grave is filled, to make a rounded topping shape.

After burial, the Tziduk Hadin prayer may be recited affirming that Divine Judgment is righteous.

The family of deceased may then be comforted by other mourners with the formula:

 * In Ashkenazi communities:
 * הַמָּקוֹם יְנַחֵם אֶתְכֶם בְּתוֹךְ שְׁאָר אֲבֵלֵי צִיּוֹן וִירוּשָׁלָיִם
 * Hamakom y'nachem etkhem b'tokh sha'ar avelei tziyon viyrushalayim.
 * The Omnipresent will comfort you (pl.) among the mourners of Zion and Jerusalem.

 * In Sephardic communities:
 * מִן הַשָּׁמַיִם תְּנוּחָמוּ
 * Min Hashamayim te'nuchamu
 * From heaven above may you be comforted.

In the 21st century, as space has become scarce in Israeli cemeteries, the ancient practice of burying a person for one year, then exhuming their bones for burial in a smaller plot, has been reestablished.

Aninut

The first stage of mourning is aninut, or ." Aninut lasts until the burial is over, or, if a mourner is unable to attend the funeral, from the moment he is no longer involved with the funeral itself.

An onen (a person in aninut) is considered to be in a state of total shock and disorientation. Thus the onen is exempt from performing mitzvot that require action (and attention), such as praying and reciting blessings, wearing tefillin (phylacteries), in order to be able to tend unhindered to the funeral arrangements. However the onen is still obligated in commandments that forbid an action (such as not violating the Shabbat).

Avelut
Aninut is immediately followed by avelut. An avel ("mourner") does not listen to music or go to concerts, and does not attend any joyous events or parties such as marriages or bar or bat mitzvahs, unless absolutely necessary. (If the date for such an event has already been set prior to the death, it is strictly forbidden for it to be postponed or cancelled.) The occasion of a brit milah is typically an exception to this rule, but with restrictions that differ according to tradition.

Avelut consists of three distinct periods.

Shiva – seven days

The first stage of avelut is shiva, a week-long period of grief and mourning. Observance of shiva is referred to by English-speaking Jews as "sitting shiva". During this period, mourners traditionally gather in one home and receive visitors.

When they get home, the mourners refrain for a week from showering or bathing, wearing leather shoes or jewelry, or shaving. In many communities, mirrors in the mourners' home are covered since they should not be concerned about their personal appearance. It is customary for the mourners to sit on low stools or even the floor, symbolic of the emotional reality of being "brought low" by the grief. The meal of consolation (seudat havra'ah), the first meal eaten on returning from the funeral, traditionally consists of hard-boiled eggs and other round or oblong foods. This is often credited to the Biblical story of Jacob purchasing the birthright from Esau with stewed lentils (Genesis 25:34); it is traditionally stated that Jacob was cooking the lentils soon after the death of his grandfather Abraham.

During shiva, family and friends come to visit or call on the mourners to comfort them ("shiva calls"). This is considered a great mitzvah (commandment) of kindness and compassion. Traditionally, no greetings are exchanged and visitors wait for the mourners to initiate conversation. The mourner is under no obligation to engage in conversation and may, in fact, completely ignore their visitors. Visitors will traditionally take on the hosting role when attending a Shiva, often bringing food and serving it to the mourning family and other guests. The mourning family will often avoid any cooking or cleaning during the Shiva period; those responsibilities become those of visitors.

There are various customs as to what to say when taking leave of the mourner(s). One of the most common is to say to them:
 * הַמָּקוֹם יְנַחֵם אֶתְכֶם בְּתוֹךְ שְׁאָר אֲבֵלֵי צִיּוֹן וִירוּשָׁלָיִם
 * Hamakom y'nachem etkhem b'tokh sha'ar avelei tziyon viyrushalayim:
 * "May The Omnipresent comfort you (pl.) among the mourners of Zion and Jerusalem"

Depending on their community's customs, others may also add such wishes as: "You should have no more tza'ar (distress)" or "You should have only simchas (celebrations)" or "we should hear only besorot tovot (good tidings) from each other" or "I wish you a long life".

Traditionally, prayer services are organized in the house of mourning. It is customary for the family to lead the services themselves.

Shloshim – thirty days
The thirty-day period following burial (including shiva) is known as shloshim. During shloshim, a mourner is forbidden to marry or to attend a seudat mitzvah (religious festive meal). Men do not shave or get haircuts during this time.

Since Judaism teaches that a deceased person can still benefit from the merit of mitzvot (commandments) performed in their memory, it is considered a special privilege to bring merit to the departed by learning Torah in their name. A popular custom amongst Orthodox Jews is to coordinate a group of people who will jointly study the complete Mishnah during the shloshim period. This is due to the fact that "Mishnah" (משנה) and "Neshamah" (נשמה), soul, have the same (Hebrew) letters.

Shneim asar chodesh – twelve months
Those mourning a parent additionally observe a twelve-month period, counted from the day of death. During this period, most activity returns to normal, although the mourners continue to recite the Kaddish as part of synagogue services for eleven months. In Orthodox tradition, this is an obligation of the sons (not daughters) as mourners. There remain restrictions on attending festive occasions and large gatherings, especially where live music is performed.

Unveiling of the tombstone

A headstone (tombstone) is known as a matzevah (Hebrew: "pillar", "statue", or "monument" ). Although there is no halakhic obligation to hold an unveiling ceremony (the ritual became popular in many communities toward the end of the 19th century), there are varying customs about when it should be placed on the grave. Most communities have an unveiling ceremony a year after the death. Some communities have it earlier, even a week after the burial. In Israel it is done after the shloshim (the first 30 days of mourning). There is no universal restriction about the timing, other than the unveiling cannot be held during Shabbat, (work-restricted) Jewish holidays, or Chol Ha'Moed.

At the end of the ceremony, a cloth or shroud covering that has been placed on the headstone is removed, customarily by close family members. Services include reading of several psalms. Gesher HaChaim cites (chapters) "33, 16, 17, 72, 91, 104, and 130; then one says Psalm 119 and recites the verses that spell the name of the deceased and the letters of the word Neshama.". This is followed by the Mourner's Kaddish (if a minyan is available), and the prayer "El Malei Rachamim". The service may include a brief eulogy for the deceased.

Monuments
Originally, it was not common practice to place names on tombstones. The general custom for engraving the name of the deceased on the monument is a practice that goes back (only) "the last several hundred years."

Jewish communities in Yemen, prior to their immigration to the Land of Israel, did not place headstones over the graves of the dead, except only on rare occasions, choosing rather to follow the dictum of Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel who said: "They do not build monuments (i.e. tombstones) for the righteous. Their words, lo! They are their memorial!" Philosopher and Halachic decisor, Maimonides, likewise, ruled that it is not permissible to raise headstones over the graves of righteous men, but permits doing so for ordinary men. In contrast, the more recent custom of Spanish Jewry, following the teachings of Yitzhak Luria (Shaʿar Ha-Mitzvot, Parashat Vayeḥi), is to build tombstones over the grave, seeing it as part of the complete atonement and amendment for those who have died. Likewise, Rabbi Shelomo b. Avraham Aderet (RASHBA) wrote that it is a way of showing honor to the dead. In this manner the custom did spread, especially among the Jews of Spain, North Africa and Ashkenaz. Today, in Israel, all Jewish graves are marked with headstones.

Anniversary of death (yortseyt)
Yortseyt (יאָרצײַט) means "time (of) year" in Yiddish. Alternative spellings include yahrtzeit, Jahrzeit (in German), yohr tzeit, yahrzeit, and yartzeit. The word is used by Ashkenazi Jews and refers to the anniversary, according to the Hebrew calendar, of the day of death of a loved one. On the anniversary of a death, it is the custom to light a candle to commemorate the departure of a loved one. These are called yortseytlikht, meaning "yahrzeit candle". In order to keep track of the yortseyt, special time boards are used (German Jahrzeittafel). They are used both in synagogues and in private contexts. They list the date of death of one person (sometimes several) according to the Hebrew calendar for the next few years, and are then used by families to keep track of when the next yortseyt will be. Mostly the tablets are preprinted and secondarily adapted for the person in question (name and date of death).

Non-Ashkenazi communities use other names for the anniversary of a death. The commemoration is known in Hebrew as נחלה naḥala "legacy, inheritance". This term is used by most Sephardic Jews, although some use the term מילדאדו, or, less commonly, anyos "years". Persian Jews refer to this day as sāl ( "year").

Commemorating
Jews are required to commemorate the death of parents, siblings, spouses, or children.
 * 1) When an immediate relative (parent, sibling, spouse or child) initially hears of the death of a relative, it is traditional to express one's grief by tearing their clothing and saying "baruch dayan ha-emet" ("blessed is the true judge").
 * 2) Shiva is observed by parents, children, spouses and siblings of the deceased, preferably all together in the deceased's home.The main halakhic obligation is to recite the Mourner's Kaddish at least three times, at Maariv, Shacharit at morning services, and at Mincha. The customs are first discussed in detail in Sefer HaMinhagim (pub. 1566) by Isaac Tyrnau.

Some Jews believe that strict Jewish law requires that one should fast on the day of a parent's yortseyt; although most believe this is not required, some people do observe the custom of fasting on the day of the yortseyt, or at least refraining from meat and wine. Among many Orthodox Jews it has become customary to make a siyum by completing a tractate of Talmud or a volume of the Mishnah on the day prior to the Yahrtzeit, in the honor of the deceased. A halakha requiring a siyum ("celebratory meal"), upon the completion of such a study, overrides the requirement to fast.

Many synagogues will have lights on a special memorial plaque on one of the synagogue's walls, with names of synagogue members who have died. Each of these lights will be lit for individuals on their Yahrzeit (and in some synagogues, the entire Hebrew month). All the lights will be lit for a Yizkor service. Some synagogues will also turn on all the lights for memorial days, such as Yom Ha'Shoah.

Visiting the gravesite

Some have a custom to visit the cemetery on fast days (Shulchan Aruch Orach Chayim 559:10) and before Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur (581:4, 605), when possible, and for a Yahrzeit. During the first year the grave is often visited on the shloshim, and the yartzeit (but may be visited at any time).

Even when visiting Jewish graves of someone that the visitor never knew, the custom is to place a small stone on the grave using the left hand. This shows that someone visited the gravesite, and is also a way of participating in the mitzvah of burial. Leaving flowers is not a traditional Jewish practice. Another reason for leaving stones is to tend the grave. In Biblical times, gravestones were not used; graves were marked with mounds of stones (a kind of cairn), so by placing (or replacing) them, one perpetuated the existence of the site.

The tradition to travel to the graveside on the occasion of a Yahrzeit is ancient.

Mourner's Kaddish
Kaddish Yatom (heb. קדיש יתום lit. "Orphan's Kaddish") or the "Mourner's" Kaddish, is said at all prayer services, as well as at funerals and memorials. Customs for reciting the Mourner's Kaddish vary markedly among various communities. In many Ashkenazi synagogues, particularly Orthodox ones, it is customary that everyone in the synagogue stands. In Sephardi synagogues, most people sit for most sayings of Kaddish. In many non-Orthodox Ashkenaz ones, the custom is that only the mourners themselves stand and chant, while the rest of the congregation sits, chanting only responsively.

Hashkabóth
In many Sephardic communities, Hashkabóth ("remembrance") prayers are recited for the deceased in the year following death, on the deceased's death anniversary ("nahalah" or "anyos"), and upon request by the deceased's relatives. Some Sephardic communities also recite Hashkabóth for all their deceased members on Yom Kippur, even those who died many years before.

Yizkor

Yizkor (Hebrew: "remembrance") prayers are recited by those that have lost either one or both of their parents. They may additionally say Yizkor for other relatives. Some might also say Yizkor for a deceased close friend. It is customary in many communities for those with both parents alive to leave the synagogue during the Yizkor service while it is said.

The Yizkor prayers are recited four times a year, and are intended to be recited in a synagogue with a minyan; if one is unable to be with a minyan, one can recite it without one. These four Yizkor services are held on Yom Kippur, Shemini Atzeret, on the last day of Passover, and on Shavuot (the second day of Shavuot, in communities that observe Shavuot for two days).

The primary prayer in the Yizkor service is El Malei Rachamim, in which God is asked to remember and grant repose to the souls of the departed.

Yizkor is customarily not said within the first year of mourning, until the first yahrzeit has passed. This practice is a custom and historically not regarded to be obligatory.

In Sephardic and Yemenite custom there is no Yizkor prayer, but the Hashkabóth serve a similar role in the service.

Av HaRachamim
Av Harachamim is a Jewish memorial prayer that was written in the late 11th Century, after the destruction of the German Jewish communities around the Rhine river by Crusaders. It is recited on many Shabbatot before Mussaf, and also at the end of the Yizkor service.

Elevation of the soul
According to Jewish belief, once a person dies, there is no way for them to accrue merit anymore through doing the mitzvot themselves. However, mitzvot done by the people they influenced (e.g. children, students, family, friends) can still bring them merit.

For this reason, Jews will do mitzvot for the elevation of the soul (L'Illui NishMat – לעלוי נשמת, sometimes abbreviated LI"N (לע"נ)) of a person who passed away, even for a stranger. Though not limited to any mitzvah, Aliyos (elevation) are often done through: The Hebrew name of the deceased is commonly mentioned alongside these acts, or printed in said books or placed on a placard next to consumables – with the exception of kaddish.
 * Kaddish (on the mourner's part)
 * Charity – Tzedakah
 * Dissemination of Torah learning and other mitzvot
 * Joint Tehillim Reading
 * Personal study and review, especially of Mishnah. The same letters that spell the Hebrew word MiShNaH (משנה) spell the Hebrew word for "soul", NeShaMaH נשמה).
 * Saying of brachos on food and drink, or sponsoring said food (Tikkun)

Tikkun (sponsoring food)
At first a Hassidic custom, at first deriving from making a siyum on the yahrzeit, nowadays practised without one with the intention that the bracha said over the food brings an aliya. Schnapps and baked goods are popularly sponsored, though any kosher food or drink may be used.

Communal responses to death
Most Jewish communities of size have non-profit organizations that maintain cemeteries and provide chevra kadisha services for those in need. They are often formed out of a synagogue's women's group.

Zihui Korbanot Asson (ZAKA)
ZAKA (heb. זק"א abbr. for Zihui Korbanot Asson lit. "Identifying Victims of Disaster" – חסד של אמת Hessed shel Emet lit. "True Kindness" – איתור חילוץ והצלה), is a community emergency response team in the State of Israel, officially recognized by the government. The organization was founded in 1989. Members of ZAKA, most of whom are Orthodox, assist ambulance crews, identify the victims of terrorism, road accidents and other disasters and, where necessary, gather body parts and spilled blood for proper burial. They also provide first aid and rescue services, and help with the search for missing persons. In the past they have responded in the aftermath of disasters around the world.

Hebrew Free Burial Association (HFBA)

The Hebrew Free Burial Association is a non-profit agency whose mission is to ensure that all Jews receive a proper Jewish burial, regardless of their financial ability. Since 1888, more than 55,000 Jews have been buried by HFBA in their cemeteries located on Staten Island, New York, Silver Lake Cemetery and Mount Richmond Cemetery.

Hebrew Benevolent Society of Los Angeles
Formed in 1854 for the purpose of "…procuring a piece of ground suitable for the purpose of a burying ground for the deceased of their own faith, and also to appropriate a portion of their time and means to the holy cause of benevolence…," the Hebrew Benevolent Society of Los Angeles established the first Jewish cemetery in Los Angeles at Lilac Terrace and Lookout Drive in Chavez Ravine (current home to Dodger Stadium). In 1968, a plaque was installed at the original site, identifying it as California Historical Landmark #822.

In 1902, because of poor environmental conditions due to the unchecked expansion of the oil industry in the area, it was proposed by Congregation B'nai B'rith to secure a new plot of land in what is now East LA, and to move the buried remains to the new site, with a continued provision for burial of indigent people. This site, the Home of Peace Memorial Park, remains operational and is the oldest Jewish cemetery in Los Angeles. The original society is now known as the "Jewish Family Service of Los Angeles".

Donating organs
According to some Jewish denominations, once death has been clearly established, provided that instructions have been left in a written living will, donation may be done. However, there are a number of practical difficulties for those who wish to adhere strictly to Jewish law. For example, someone who is dead by clinical standards may not yet be dead according to Jewish law. Jewish law does not permit donation of organs that are vital for survival from a donor who is in a near-dead state but who is not yet dead according to Jewish law. Orthodox and Haredi Jews may need to consult their rabbis on a case-by-case basis.

Since 2001, with the founding of the Halachic Organ Donor Society, organ donation has become more common in modern orthodox Jewish communities, especially with the support of rabbis like Moshe Tendler and Norman Lamm.

Jewish view of cremation
Halakha (Jewish law) forbids cremation. Tacitus described as "a distinguishing characteristic" that "Jews buried, rather than burned, their dead." Judaism stresses burial in the earth (including entombment, as in caves) as a religious duty of laying a person's remains to rest. This, as well as the belief that the human body is created in the image of the divine and is not to be vandalized before or after death, teaches the belief that it was necessary to keep the whole body intact in burial, in anticipation of the eventual resurrection of the dead in the messianic age. Nevertheless, some Jews who are not religiously adherent, or who have attached to an alternative movement or religious stream that does not see some or all the laws of the Torah as binding upon them, have chosen cremation, either for themselves prior to death, or for their loved ones.

Suicide
As Judaism considers suicide to be a form of murder, a Jew who commits suicide is denied some important after-death privileges: No eulogies should be given for the deceased, and burial in the main section of the Jewish cemetery is normally not allowed.

In recent times, most people who die by suicide have been deemed to be the unfortunate victims of depression or of a serious mental illness. Under this interpretation, their act of "self-murder" is not deemed to be a voluntary act of self-destruction, but rather the result of an involuntary condition. They have therefore been looked upon as having died of causes beyond their control.

Additionally, the Talmud (in Semakhot, one of the minor tractates) recognizes that many elements of the mourning ritual exist as much for the living survivors as for the dead, and that these elements ought to be carried out even in the case of the suicide.

Furthermore, if reasonable doubt exists that the death was suicidal or that the deceased might have changed her mind and repented at the last moment (e.g., if it is unknown whether the victim fell or jumped from a building, or if the person falling changed her mind mid-fall), the benefit of the doubt is given and regular burial and mourning rituals take place. Lastly, the suicide of a minor is considered a result of a lack of understanding ("da'at"), and in such a case, regular mourning is observed.

Tattoos
Halakha (Jewish law) forbids tattoos, and a myth persists that having a tattoo prevents burial in a Jewish cemetery. While a small minority of burial societies may not accept a corpse with a tattoo, Jewish law does not mention burial of tattooed Jews, and nearly all burial societies have no such restriction. Removing the tattoo of a deceased Jew is forbidden, as this would be considered damaging the body. This case has been one of public interest in the current generations due to the large population tattooed in Nazi concentration camps between 1940 and 1945. Since those tattoos were forced upon the recipients in a situation where any resistance could expect official murder or brutality, their presence is not in any way reflective of any violation of Jewish law on the part of both the living and deceased; rather under these circumstances it shows adherence to the positive command to preserve innocent life, including one's own, by passively allowing the mark to be applied.

Death of an apostate Jew
There is no mourning for an apostate Jew according to Jewish law. (See that article for a discussion of precisely what actions and motivations render a Jew an "apostate.")

In the past several centuries, the custom developed among Ashkenazic Orthodox Jews (including Hasidic and Haredi Jews), that the family would "sit shiva" if and when one of their relatives would leave the fold of traditional Judaism. The definition of "leaving the fold" varies within communities; some would sit shiva if a family member married a non-Jew; others would only sit shiva if the individual actually converted to another faith, and even then, some would make a distinction between those who chose to do so of their own will, and those who were pressured into conversion. (In Sholom Aleichem's Tevye, when the title character's daughter converts to Christianity to marry a Christian, Tevye sits shiva for her and generally refers to her as "dead.") At the height of the so called Mitnagdim (a Hasidic term for traditional mainline Ashkenazi practitioners, meaning 'those who are against', meaning against the changes introduced by Chasidim) movement, in the early-to-mid nineteenth century, some families even sat shiva if a family member joined the Hasidim. (It is said that when Leibel Eiger joined Hasidism, his father, Rabbi Shlomo Eiger sat shiva, but his grandfather, the famed Rabbi Akiva Eiger, did not. It is also said that Leibel Eiger came to be menachem avel [console the mourner]). By the mid-twentieth century, however, Hasidism was recognized by most traditional Ashkenazim as a valid form of Orthodox Judaism, and thus the (controversial) practice of sitting shiva for those who realign to Hasidism almost completely ceased to exist.

Today, some Orthodox Jews, particularly the more strictly observant ones (such as many Haredi and Hasidic communities), maintain the practice of sitting shiva for a family member who has left the religious community. Most Jews, especially liberal Jews and Jewish religious communities, however, question the practice, eschewing it as a harsh act that could make it more difficult for the family member to return to traditional practice at a later date.

Days of remembrance

 * Tisha B'Av - A day of mourning for the destruction of both the First and Second Temple in Jerusalem and other events
 * Yom Kippur, Shemini Atzeret, final day of Pesach, Shavuot - The four days on which Yizkor is recited
 * Tenth of Tevet - Fast day on which it has become a custom for some to say Kaddish for those whose yahrzeits are unknown or who were murdered in the Holocaust
 * Yom HaShoah - National day of remembrance in Israel (and by many Jews worldwide) for those murdered in the Holocaust as well as for the Righteous Among the Nations
 * Yom Hazikaron - National day of remembrance in Israel for those who died in service of Israel or were killed in terrorist attacks

title: Bereavement in Judaism


text:
Nehru Report

The Nehru Report of 1928 was a memorandum by All Parties Conference in British India to appeal for a new dominion status and a federal set-up of government for the constitution of India. It also proposed for the Joint Electorates with reservation of seats for minorities in the legislatures.

M K Gandhi proposed a resolution saying that British should be given one year to accept the recommendations of the Nehru report or a campaign of non-cooperation would begin. The resolution was passed.

Background
British policy, until almost the end of the Raj, was that the timing and nature of Indian constitutional development was to be decided exclusively by the British Parliament, but it was assumed that Indians would be consulted as appropriate. This was formally stated in the Government of India Act 1919. Britain did not acknowledge the right of Indians to frame their own constitution until the 1942 Cripps Declaration.

A non official effort to draft a new constitution was made by Annie Besant and a few of her Indian friends. Most of the leaders were rather cool toward her project, but it was somewhat revised by a so-called All-Parties Conference which met at Delhi in January–February, 1925, and was formally approved by a convention held at Kanpur in April. It was drafted as a statute and introduced in the House of Commons by Mr. George Lansbury, December 9, 1925, under the title, "The Commonwealth of India Bill." The bill proposed to confer upon India at once the full status of a Dominion, subject to certain temporary reservations. The Viceroy, as the representative of the King-Emperor, was to have complete charge of military and naval forces and foreign relations until the Indian Parliament by its own act should signify its readiness to assume control. Any step taken by the Indian Parliament concerning the Indian States must have the previous approval of the Viceroy. There was a Bill of Rights which included, among other things, guarantees of personal liberty, freedom of conscience, freedom of speech, and equality of gender. this scheme did not arouse any popular enthusiasm, partly perhaps because it was not really an Indian product, but mainly because of the negative character of the Nationalist movement. The leaders were more interested in opposing the existing system than they were in preparing a constructive alternative.

In November 1927, the British government appointed the Simon Commission to review the working of the Government of India Act 1919 and propose constitutional reforms for India. The Commission did not have a single Indian member which irritated leaders of the nationalist movement. While the British acknowledged the discontent, it did not consider making changes to the composition of the commission; it instead asked Indians to prove that they could draw up a constitution themselves. A similar challenge was made in 1925 by Lord Birkenhead, Secretary of State for India, in the House of Lords: "... let the Indians produce a constitution which carries behind it a fair measure of general agreement among the great peoples of India..."

Leaders of the nationalist movement responded to the challenge by drafting the Nehru Report.

In December 1927, at its Madras session, the Indian National Congress, took two major decisions in response to the setting up the Simon Commission: first, it decided to not cooperate with the commission; second, it set up an All Parties Conference to draft a Constitution for India.

The Report
The constitution outlined by the Nehru Report was for Indian enjoying dominion status within the British Commonwealth. Some of the important elements of the report: Element of Nehru report...
 * Unlike the eventual Government of India Act 1935 it contained a Bill of Rights.
 * All power of government and all authority – legislative, executive and judicial – are derived from the people and the same shall be exercised through organisations established by, or under, and in accord with, this Constitution.
 * There shall be no state religion; men and women shall have equal rights as citizens.
 * There should be federal form of government with residuary powers vested in the centre. (Some scholars, such as Moore considered the Nehru Report proposal as essentially unitary rather than federal);
 * It included a description of the machinery of government including a proposal for the creation of a Supreme Court and a suggestion that the provinces should be linguistically determined.
 * It did not provide for separate electorates for any community or weightage for minorities. Both of these were liberally provided in the eventual Government of India Act 1935. However, it did allow for the reservation of minority seats in provinces having a  minorities of at least ten percent, but this was to be in strict proportion to the size of the community.
 * The language of the Union shall be Hindustani, which may be written either in Devanagari or Urdu character. The use of the English language shall be permitted.

The Nehru Report, along with that of the Simon Commission was available to participants in the three Indian Round Table Conferences (1930–1932). However, the Government of India Act 1935 owes much to the Simon Commission report and little, if anything to the Nehru Report.

Muslim League's reaction to the Nehru Report
With few exceptions League leaders failed to pass the Nehru proposals. In reaction Mohammad Ali Jinnah drafted his Fourteen Points in 1929 which became the core demands of the Muslim community which they put forward as the price of their participating in an independent united India. Their main objections were: According to Mohammad Ali Jinnah, “The Committee has adopted a narrow minded policy to ruin the political future of the Muslims. I regret to declare that the report is extremely ambiguous and does not deserve to be implemented.”
 * Separate electorates and weightage — the 1916 Congress-Muslim League agreement Lucknow Pact provided these to the Muslim community whereas they were rejected by the Nehru Report.
 * Residuary powers — the Muslims realized that while they would be a majority in the provinces of the North-East and North-West of India, and hence would control their provincial legislatures, they would always be a minority at the centre. Thus they demanded, contrary to the Nehru Report, that residuary powers go to the provinces.

Reception
R.Coupland in The Constitutional Problem in India saw the Report as the "frankest attempt yet made by Indians to face squarely the difficulties of communalism..." and found its objective of claiming dominion status as remarkable. However, he argued that the Report "had little practical result". Granville Austin in India’s Constitution: Cornerstone of a Nation, highlighted that the fundamental rights section of the Nehru Report was "a close precursor of the Fundamental Rights of the Constitution [of India, 1950]…10 of the 19 subclauses re-appear, materially unchanged, and three of the Nehru rights are included in the Directive Principles". Neera Chandhoke's in her chapter in The Indian Constituent Assembly (edited) argued that "the inclusion of social and cultural rights in a predominantly liberal constitution appears extraordinary". Niraja Jayal in Citizenship and Its Discontents suggested that the Nehru Report, in the context of the international discourse of rights around the late 1920s, was a "rather exceptional document in its early envisioning of social and economic rights".

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Nehru Report


text:
A Man, a Real One

A Man, a Real One (French title: Un homme, un vrai) is a 2003 French comedy-drama film directed by Arnaud and Jean-Marie Larrieu.

Plot
Boris, an apprentice film director, meets Marilyne, a young senior executive, during an evening in Paris and they declare their love for one another, despite their barely knowing each other. Five years later, during a business trip to the Balearic Islands, with Boris and their children, Marilyne runs away at the very moment when Boris is going to leave her. Five years down the road, Marilyne reappears at the other end of the Pyrenees mountains, with a group of Americans. The man who will be their guide is none other than Boris, who is unrecognisable.

Cast

 * Mathieu Amalric as Boris
 * Hélène Fillières as Marilyne
 * Pierre Pellet as Toni
 * Philippe Suner as Jean-Claude
 * Eva Ionesco as assistant producer

title: A Man, a Real One


text:
Wikipedia talk:Today's featured article/September 4, 2005

... air volatility. (should be) ... strong air motion.


text: User talk:82.195.101.45

title: User talk:82.195.101.45


text:
Talk:We Love Katamari

Title?
If the ♥ symbol can be used in the redirect title, shouldn't it be able to be used in the main article title? I'm going to try making a test topic just to be sure, then I'm moving the article to "We ♥ Katamari". Eszett 00:16, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * No you aren't. Symbols such as that are not supposed to be used. They don't appear correctly on some browsers. - A Link to the Past (talk) 00:38, September 1, 2005 (UTC)

 * The heart is hardly distinguishable in Arial on the default text size in Firefox. --Poiuyt Man talk 06:23, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

Gotcha. I never touched it. Eszett 11:09, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

The heart symbol is part of WGL4, which means it should be available on all Windows platforms, and I believe it's also available on Mac and Linux. We already have an article at I ♥ Huckabees. It should be OK to use. -- Curps 22:04, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The problem here are the browsers, they change unicode to punycode (like with certain control characters ' & ). Unicode URLs work fine in Safari, but not in other browsers like IE. Pasting "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/We_♥_Katamari" in your URL bar will work just fine. Oh, and the escape sequece for the heart is "&hearts;" .Dread Lord C y b e r S k u l l  ✎☠ 10:37, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

Hi. I'm the one who moved the article: sorry if this disrupted things. I saw the notice and thought "Well, that's certainly easy enough to fix."

But why does this article need to be "We Love Katamari" while the article I ♥ Huckabees seems to be doing just fine? There are other problems with pasting Wikipedia article names as URLs, anyway, like the fact that you have to change spaces to underscores. RSpeer 16:33, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * No you don't. It does that automatically. - A Link to the Past (talk) 19:56, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

Link, can you point to the relevant policy? Your opinion that the "heart" symbol doesn't belong in the title seems inconsistent with the current Wikipedia trend of using Unicode wherever possible, especially when it eliminates "wrongtitle" tags. RSpeer 23:26, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * It is general practice to not use symbols that are not understood by some browsers. Regardless, they own the copyright for "We Love Katamari", not "We <3 Katamari". It is not my opinion that using symbols is disadvantageous to many people, that is fact, and wrongtitle is not in place until someone figures out how to make the symbol, it is there to let articles have a wrong title for the sake of other browsers. - A Link to the Past (talk) 23:50, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * That's ridiculous. It's 2005; I haven't used a computer that had trouble with unicode symbols in years. This is not an unreasonable expectation, and any problems would be easily solved by redirects anyway. --April Arcus 01:54, 16 October 2005 (UTC)
 * It's ridiculous to say that some BROWSERS do not support unicode symbols because yours doesn't? I'm sorry, I guess I didn't realize you represent existence. - A Link to the Past (talk) 05:09, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The current generation of browsers, as well as the last several generations, all support unicode . --Poiuyt Man talk 14:59, 16 October 2005 (UTC)
 * So, We Love Katamari has to be the only article on Wikipedia that ignores this policy? - A Link to the Past (talk) 15:33, 16 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm not exactly sure which policy you're referring to. Naming_conventions only speaks against the use of |, +, {, }, [ and ] which have special meaning in the wiki URL syntax. Naming conventions (technical restrictions) has nothing to say on the matter. Unicode, which has been through extensive discussion, defends the use of Unicode here. --April Arcus 16:00, 16 October 2005 (UTC)
 * That does not change the fact that the unicode symbol does not work on some browsers - someone cited IE. Also, you should also realize that Namco owns the copyright for "We Love Katamari", not "We (heart symbol) Katamari". It is recommended to not use unicode, and We Love Katamari is as legitimate as what you want. - A Link to the Past (talk) 16:31, 16 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Let's continue this conversation at Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions. --April Arcus 18:07, 16 October 2005 (UTC)
 * It's no longer a matter of unicode; the copyright shows the name of the game to be We Love Katamari. - A Link to the Past (talk) 18:22, 16 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I removed "Unicode" from the discussion title, since it can apply to other punctuation as well. Please throw your two cents in where they can be seen and replied to by a larger and more relevant group. --April Arcus 18:33, 16 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Whether or not it's a unicode problem is irrelevant now, considering Namco copyrighted "We Love Katamari", sans the heart. If it is a unicode problem, it won't matter, as either way, the title remains the same. - A Link to the Past (talk) 18:47, 16 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Please refer to US Trademark #76642305 (fixed link, should not expire). I am moving the page back to its original location. --April Arcus 19:49, 16 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Please refer to the game's boxart. So, Namco got it wrong, and the US patent office got it right? They couldn't be mistaken in thinking that they owned the copyright of the game with the symbol based on the title, right? - A Link to the Past (talk) 07:44, 17 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm confused. Do you mean this boxart, the same as featured in the article? --April Arcus 15:04, 17 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Of course I mean that boxart. But when I'm talking about copyright information, would it be silly to assume that I meant the copyright information? - A Link to the Past (talk) 19:30, 17 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Your point eludes me. Copyright information does not apply to product names and slogans. The heart is used in the box art, it is identified in the U.S. trademark, the use of unicode is a non-issue, and the policy you claimed that it violates does not exist. If you still feel you have a point to make, I invite you to do so on Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions or to submit a Request for Comment. For my part, I consider my case stated and the discussion concluded. --April Arcus 01:09, 18 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Agreeing with April. --Poiso 1:12, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

Silly me, I guess it was insane to assume that what Namco says as their copyright information does not hold priority. So, explain why the boxart that states the copyright to be We Love Katamari is inferior to your evidence provided. - A Link to the Past (talk) 06:50, 18 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The game's title, as shown in the game itself and the box art and the instruction manual, is "We ♥ Katamari" despite whatever the copyright says. If you'd like, make a note somewhere in the article that Namco owns the rights to "We Love Katamari" but not "We ♥ Katamari" ... except I'm not sure you can copyright names that include symbols like that?  Perhaps "♥" and "Love" are synonymous to the patent offices?  I don't know all the details.  Regardless, my game says it's "We ♥ Katamari" so I really don't see the problem with using it - my Internet Explorer shows it just fine...  And even moreso if "I ♥ Huckabees" uses the symbol. 24.67.253.203 04:54, 17 December 2005 (UTC)

Note that Firefox on MacOS X (a relatively common platform) can't render the suits symbols, including the heart. — Saxifrage ✎ 20:34, 14 October 2006 (UTC)
 * What versions of each are you using? Check your fonts to see if you have Apple Symbols installed. Also keep in mind that Firefox places a greater range of characters into punycode for security reasons. I'm gonna double check Firefox's support for it. Dread Lord CyberSkull ✎☠ 04:07, 16 October 2006 (UTC)
 * It looks like a bug in the Mac version of Firefox. You should report it to them. Dread Lord CyberSkull ✎☠ 21:45, 16 October 2006 (UTC)

New policies at WP:NC meant the heart sign is a violation of WP:UE. -- Sa mue l C urt is -- TALK  10:28, 6 December 2006 (UTC)

Soundtrack
A Link to the Past, I don't think it's a good idea to move the soundtrack to a separate page. Unless a particular music album is well-known or critically acclaimed, it doesn't have much potential to become encyclopedic. The We Love Katamari article is stubby enough as it is, and I don't see reason to split off content from it yet. --Poiuyt Man talk 04:11, 20 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The fact that it'll be shorter is no good argument. You don't add content to make it big, you add content to make it good. This is about the video game, not the separate soundtrack. Katamari Damacy's soundtrack has its own soundtrack article. - A Link to the Past (talk) 06:08, 20 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The soundtrack is directly related to the video game; it's not something that people reference without knowledge of the game it came from. Articles on specific music albums are generally avoided because there's a limit to how comprehensive the article can become without turning into fancruft. How much can you really write about the album? --Poiuyt Man talk 06:29, 20 September 2005 (UTC)
 * It just looks worse with it, for one. If you want this on there, there shouldn't be an infobox. - A Link to the Past (talk) 06:31, 20 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Actually, it might not be necessary to include the soundtrack listing at all, even as a separate article. There's already an external link at the bottom that shows the soundtrack listing. Wikipedia doesn't need to duplicate it. --Poiuyt Man talk 06:41, 20 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I have to go with Poiuyt Man on this, there is no need for a seperate article for the soundtrack alone. Havok  (T/C) 08:56, 20 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Just like there is an article about King of All Cosmos, there should be an article for a separate product. - A Link to the Past (talk) 09:11, 20 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm not so sure that article's necessary either, since much of the information is already covered in Katamari Damacy. Maybe if the character appeared in more than two games it would be justified. --Poiuyt Man talk 20:31, 20 September 2005 (UTC)

For whatever it's worth, I actually owned the soundtrack and listened to it regularly for several months before even seeing the game. I'm a little odd, though. :) --NeuronExMachina 08:37, 28 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Huh, I arrived at that same conclusion independently. I merged the contents of King of All Cosmos into Katamari Damacy and We Love Katamari, without seeing this page. - A Man In Black (conspire | past ops) 13:07, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

The Machine
The Machine section is ridiculous. It's a reference to what is, essentially, a spoof article. The "genius invention" is more or less the common technique of rubber banding combined with an oscilating fan. It's stupid and adds nothing to the article. Is there any reason it shouldn't be removed?

Spoiler warning for this section!! - Is (non-named bonus level) a part of the story?
The 1,000,000 roses section hardly seems like it belongs under the "Story" heading, as it doesn't enhance the main plot of the game. Rather, doesn't this seem more appropriate under "Gameplay", or perhaps under a new "Easter Eggs" heading? - Exitmoose 18:29, 14 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Reading through the article again, the "One million roses" section completely breaks the logic of the "Story" heading (which puts forth the idea that there are two components to the story". I'm not even convinced that it should be a part of the article, as it seems more like game advice appropriate for GameFAQs or some such, than a description of the game.  As a compromise, I'll move it to a new "Easter Eggs" section.  However, I think it should be removed.  Thoughts? - Exitmoose 04:52, 15 November 2005 (UTC)
 * It's a somewhat important part of the game. Keep it in there for now. -- PinkDeoxys 13:09, 14 March 2006 (UTC)

Spelling
Since this game was released in the US and not in Europe, it seems more appropriate, based on the guidelines in the Wikipedia Manual of Style, to go with US spellings for words in this entry. That means "fulfill," not "fulfil." (See American and British English differences.) --Darksasami 23:22, 14 November 2005 (UTC)

As you can see, it's been out in Europe since February... after you wrote that, granted. This kind of spelling issue shouldn't matter too much anyway, unless they're a grammer nazi. --JaffaCakeLover 18:22, 7 October 2006 (GMT)

self-contradictory statement
This statement is basically self-contradictory:

However, with the exception of the loading icon being a rose, the Rose Nebula, the Select Meadow being covered in roses, and one extra song, there is no reward outside of the satisfaction of rolling up 1,000,000 roses.

A new song is a pretty significant reward in a game, along with the other things. If this part is true, the "no reward outside of..." part should be removed. Alternately, the new song and all that might be a hoax. Can anyone confirm one way or the other?  r  speer 04:03, 21 December 2005 (UTC)

 * I wouldn't call it "self-contradictory." Assuming all the facts are correct,  the sentence is perfectly logically coherent.  That said, the wording is pretty strange, and should probably be changed. - Exitmoose 07:51, 30 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Speaking as someone who has completed the million rose level, this statement does make some sense, relative to the other major milestone achievements in the game. If you place the game on "autopilot" using the rubberband cheat to obtain the million roses, it takes approximately one week (24 hours a day) to collect them all.  There is no extra level to be unlocked after doing this, as there is when you complete the other major levels in the game.  Can't sleep, clown will eat me 19:46, 30 December 2005 (UTC)

UK/Europe release
Amazon.co.uk seem to be claiming that there will be a UK release on Feb 3, 2006. |See this page. If this is so, looks like it should be added to the article. Richard W.M. Jones 19:20, 4 January 2006 (UTC) --Boredalot 10:55, 2 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Done and done. Think we should add the european box art while we're at it? And what about the japanese and korean ones?

I could scan the European box art, but I don't know how to add it to this page. By that I mean would you have links to the artwork from different regions? I'd only know how to replace the default pic on the right of the page. --JaffaCakeLover 18:28, 7 October 2006 (GMT)

European differences
We should probably start counting notable differences between the european release and the other versions. Here's a few.

 * The intro cutscene from the original game is included in the Katamari Memorial, claiming to be PAL-exclusive. Is this true?

 * The original "Katamari on the Rocks" can be unlocked for in-game use after clearing the game. Is this song present in the US version as well?

If anyone has played both the European and US releases and could care to provide some insight on version differences, that'd be grand. --Boredalot 11:09, 10 February 2006 (UTC)

 * the PAL version does say that the original's cutscene was included as a bonus because the original game was never released in PAL regions --James 11:42, 2 March 2006 (UTC)

Requested move
We ♥ Katamari → We Love Katamari — Naming conventions and Naming conventions (common names) say special characters (like ♥) should be avoided. It's also difficult for some users to see. TJ Spyke 01:55, 7 January 2007 (UTC)

Survey

 * Add  # Support   or   # Oppose   on a new line in the appropriate section followed by a brief explanation, then sign your opinion using ~ .

Survey - Support votes

 * 1) Support as the nominatior. TJ Spyke 01:56, 7 January 2007 (UTC)
 * 2) Support in accordance of WP:NC and WP:UE. The heart symbol is not a Latin character and violates WP:UE.-- Samuel Curtis Shinichian-Hirokian-- TALK · CONTRIBS 06:23, 7 January 2007 (UTC)
 * 3) Support: guidelines are clear. Use English in titles, not silly symbols. Jonathunder 17:24, 8 January 2007 (UTC)
 * 4) Support, we should not be using symbols that will not work properly on many computers (like the one I have at home, which just displays a thick bar instead of the heart). Recury 20:50, 8 January 2007 (UTC)
 * 5) 'Support per nominator and Samuel Curtis. Gene Nygaard 02:02, 9 January 2007 (UTC)
 * 6) Support The only time I've seen a strong argument for use of ♥ was for I ♥ Huckabees because not even the creators of the film agreed if the heart meant "love" or "heart", and even then... We shouldn't make it a habit of using symbols when we don't need to. Remember, people have to type these titles in.. it's a bit pointless to make the task harder for stylistic reasons alone. -- Ned Scott 04:43, 9 January 2007 (UTC)
 * 7) Support as per MoS:TM. ("Avoid using special characters that are [...] simply substitute for English words.") --McGeddon 15:22, 9 January 2007 (UTC)
 * 8) Support, not only for the special characters rule, but considering that in the Japanese release of the game which predated the NA release, the title does not use special pictorial symbols, and unlike the Huckabees situation, it's clearly intended that the heart symbol is replacing the word "love", despite the fact that Namco uses the heart symbol as the title (Namco PS2 Game Listing). Certainly the issue of the title can be noted in the article, and there's a template for potential display issues that can be heading the page even if it is changed to the non-symbol version page --Masem 16:19, 9 January 2007 (UTC)
 * 9) Strong Support - no special characters; many browsers can't even read them. 146.186.210.78 20:57, 9 January 2007 (UTC)

Survey - Oppose votes

 * 1) Strongly Oppose.  Unicode characters are permitted in article titles. This is directly addresssed at Naming conventions (technical restrictions) - Pictorial names. One example of a Unicode character in an article title is seen in Sign_%E2%80%9C%E2%98%AE%E2%80%9D_the_Times.  The current title of this article is accurate, it is upheld by policy, and it must not be changed.  Also, please see the three reasons I have listed in bold in the Discussion section, they cite Wikipedia policies which actually support this usage of the symbol.Joie de Vivre 14:32, 7 January 2007 (UTC)
 * 2) Oppose. I like the heart. It is also the correct name and it isn't causing any problems I can see.--Josquius 22:50, 7 January 2007 (UTC)

Discussion

 * Add any additional comments:

 * I don't know which way it should go, there's conflicting examples. Naming conventions even though it's music only, says to replace as needed, though it's kept for Sign of the Times (song and album for Prince) which has the peace symbol replacing the word "of".  The discussion for I Heart Huckabees for the same sort of move seems split with no obvious consensus.  However, I do note that the Sign of the Times pages have a special "may not display properly" in the page header, which should be used for WLK regardless if we move it or not. --Masem 16:30, 7 January 2007 (UTC)

 * (To Joie de Vivre) The article I mentioned specifically mentioned the heart symbol, saying it should NOT be used. TJ Spyke 22:49, 7 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Actually, all that it says is that "Non-language characters... are not the common English usage."  However, the policy I cited gives explicit approval of the heart character and other Unicode characters in article titles.  Joie de Vivre 00:44, 8 January 2007 (UTC)
 * It doesn't give explicit approval. The heart is purely decorative and not the actual name, the name of the game is "We Love Katamari". TJ Spyke 00:54, 8 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Can you prove that We Love Katamari is the real name? Joie de Vivre 17:17, 8 January 2007 (UTC)
 * (To Masem) Maybe because it violates the MoS? Other articles have been moved for the same reason. Also, do not remove my reply again. TJ Spyke 22:54, 7 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Masem's redlink is a clincher. Fools will continue to hide articles away with redlinks like that if these are allowed, even with the 14 already existing redirects to that article. Gene Nygaard 02:08, 9 January 2007 (UTC)
 * That is incorrect. See Sign of the times. The error was in the capitalization of the T in "times", not in the use of the Unicode character.  Blame the Shift key for that redlink (which I've now fixed). Joie de Vivre 05:08, 9 January 2007 (UTC)

 * That "Sign" displays as a empty block on my system and is a great example of what should be avoided in titles. Jonathunder 14:44, 9 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Your "system"'s lack is not the responsibility of Wikipedia to accommodate. Unicode symbols are permitted in article titles, whether your system is set up to display them properly or not.  Setting up a computer to display Unicode is free, it is no hardship to anyone.  Joie de Vivre 21:06, 9 January 2007 (UTC)

'''This page must not be renamed. This usage of the Unicode heart symbol is protected.''' Evidence:

 * 1)  MoS (trademarks) says "In the article about a trademark, it is acceptable to use decorative characters the first time the trademark appears, but thereafter, an alternative that follows the standard rules of punctuation should be used." "We ♥ Katamari" is the trademark. See the NAMCO website.

 * 2)  Naming conventions (technical restrictions)  gives explicit approval of Unicode symbols in article titles.

 * 3)  Regardless of what everyone is saying, WP:UE does not address this issue. WP:UE addresses the use of characters from writing systems other than English.  The sentence about using only the Latin alphabet is in reference  to other writing systems such as Chinese characters or the Cyrillic alphabet.  WP:UE says nothing about the use of symbols, including Unicode.

I think that it doesn't matter how many people have voted to say that they don't like the heart. The simple fact is that the use of the symbol is permitted. The heart symbol is permitted as part of a trademark. It is permitted to use Unicode symbols in titles. WP:UE doesn't touch it. There are no grounds on which to change this title -- the title must not be changed. Joie de Vivre 20:49, 10 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Being allowed and being preferred by a consensus is two different things. Yes, we can use a heart, but we want to spell heart out. "permitted" does not mean "restricted to doing only this". -- Ned Scott 20:52, 10 January 2007 (UTC)

 * The trademark is "We ♥ Katamari". It is the official title of the game.  Popular opinion doesn't change that.  An encyclopedia entry should list the proper name, not a phonetic euphemism.  Joie de Vivre 23:05, 11 January 2007 (UTC)

 * It's a good thing, then, that the trademark does not dictate the title Wikipedia uses for an article. Please do read our naming convention pages. Jonathunder 23:18, 11 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Actually (see #1), MoS (trademarks) says "In the article about a trademark, it is acceptable to use decorative characters the first time the trademark appears. "We ♥ Katamari" is the trademark. Also, #2; Naming conventions (technical restrictions) gives explicit approval of Unicode symbols in article titles.  Please review the links I listed above, in bold.  Joie de Vivre 23:27, 11 January 2007 (UTC)

 * So there's also the trademark "Toys "Я" Us", which if you note, is not the name of the main page, you get redirected if you include the special character. We can still use "We ♥ Katamari" all over the page when refering to the game, but the main page should remove the symbol. --Masem 23:16, 11 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Assuming that you meant that the symbol should be removed from the title, nowhere is that advised in the guidelines. Please review the three links I provided above in bold; the Unicode symbol may be used in the title.  23:27, 11 January 2007 (UTC)

 * See Naming conventions (use English): "Article titles should use the Latin alphabet, not any other alphabets or other writing systems..." Obviously, the cute little heart symbol is not part of the Latin alphabet. Jonathunder 23:44, 11 January 2007 (UTC)

 * The heart is not part of any alphabet, and its use is not addressed at WP:UE, because WP:UE does not address the use of symbols. The purpose of WP:UE is to state a clear preference for the Latin alphabet over other alphabets like Cyrillic.  The word "symbol" is never mentioned at WP:UE.  Neither is the word "Unicode" mentioned.  However, there ARE guidelines that specifically address the use of Unicode and other symbols.  Those are the guidelines that matter, here, and they all support the use of the heart in the title.  Joie de Vivre 00:53, 12 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Again, saying it's allowed is not the same thing as saying it's preferred or even encouraged. None of those guidelines say "use this over this" except WP:UE. -- Ned Scott 00:59, 12 January 2007 (UTC)

 * And that's why people keep quoting it; because it states a preference. However, that stated preference is for English over other written languages.  The guideline simply doesn't address technical character sets like Unicode.  It's wrong to keep dragging out a feeble half-sentence from WP:UE, when all mention of technical character sets is conspicuously absent from that page.  Joie de Vivre 01:11, 12 January 2007 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

WAHT?!
Why is I ♥ Huckabees still the same while this was changed to We Love Katamari‽ --FlareNUKE 07:54, 18 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Since we have a pretty green box just above this section explaining, perhaps that question is better asked over at the other article. --Golbez 08:20, 18 February 2007 (UTC)

Page title symbol
While the actual name of the article is now "We Love Katamari", the title at the top of the page now reads We ♥ Katamari. There is a precedent for using a special character in this way, please see the Natto article. The accuracy is improved, while maintaining accessibility. Joie de Vivre 19:43, 2 March 2007 (UTC)

Katamari Damacy 2 - a different thing
If you search for Katamari Damacy 2, it links you here. In fact, Katamari Damacy 2 is a separate online version of Katamari. This could cause some confusion...

Accuracy dispute
The precedent at I ♥ Huckabees and Nattō is to use a special character in the URL. Why is We Love Katamari being treated differently? Either We Love Katamari should be moved to the page title of its true name, We ♥ Katamari, or the use of special characters at Nattō and I ♥ Huckabees should be discontinued. I don't agree with the "accessibility" argument, since redirects are in use at both pages. Users can input the name without Unicode characters, and they will be redirected. One way or the other, this inconsistency should be rectified. Photouploaded 16:15, 20 October 2007 (UTC)

 * This has been duspited before. Please see the very first thread titled "Title"--Phred Levi 16:17, 20 October 2007 (UTC)

 * It doesn't matter if it's been "duspited" before. There is an inconsistency in the interpretation of Wikipedia policy.  Special characters are allowed in the titles of some articles, but not in the titles of others. This is unacceptable.  We must determine what the policy is, and apply it consistently.  If it is determined that special characters are allowed in titles, this article must be moved to its true name, which includes the special character. If it is determined that special characters are not allowed in titles, all titles with special characters must be moved to the English approximation of their names.  It must be one or the other.  Either we can use special characters in titles, or we cannot.  Personally, I support the use of special characters, because it allows for greater accuracy in page titles. Photouploaded 16:21, 20 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Naming Conventions: Special characters says: "Non-language characters such as "♥", "★", and "*", sometimes found in advertisements or logos, are not the common English usage.", thus, by the "Use English" principle, the title should not contain special characters. If you feel that articles should have this, please address the issue at Naming conventions. --M ASEM  16:49, 20 October 2007 (UTC)

 * If this is your interpretation, then will you please see to it that Natto and I Heart Huckabees are moved? Photouploaded 17:40, 20 October 2007 (UTC)

Guys, there are three things here to point out that I'm surprised nobody has pointed out yet:

 * 1) The game's official title on Namco Bandai's website is "We Love Katamari".  You can find this out by going to the site and performing a search for "Katamari".  The official Katamari website also supports this, though the information is contained in a Flash file and therefore isn't directly linkable.
 * 2) This name is supported by the major gaming websites.  Gamespot lists as "We Love Katamari", IGN lists with the Heart symbol but also says "Also known as 'We Love Katamari'".  Other sites also agree that "We Love Katamari" is the game's official title.
 * 3) We have templates that explain how an article's title may differ from the official title of the subject.  Usually this is due to technical limitations, but accessibility is a strong part of it too.

— KieferSkunk (talk) — 17:59, 20 October 2007 (UTC)

Per WikiProject Video games/Article guidelines/Naming, this stays without the heart symbol, because "Use standard English for titles, even if trademarks encourage otherwise". This is quite clear. If you disagree with the guideline, feel free to discuss at its talk page. On the other article, "I ♥ Huckabees" is simply at the wrong title. User:Krator (t c) 18:10, 20 October 2007 (UTC)

In fact, if you look, it used to be ♥, but everyone agreed to move it. --Phred Levi 18:26, 20 October 2007 (UTC)

 * I added a note to the top of the page that addresses this issue. New template to handle MoS issues, which can be applied to the other articles above as well: Template:Title MoS. :) — KieferSkunk (talk) — 07:19, 21 October 2007 (UTC)
 * We don't need a template for this. An article like Time (magazine) simply mentions in passing that the trademarked name is different to the one used by encyclopaedias and press, it doesn't apologise for the article title and body being "incorrect". --McGeddon 09:21, 21 October 2007 (UTC)

List of Cousins
Why is it that when I made a list of the cousins and the basic actions the King takes when you 'collect' them, why was it deleted? It was all there, until today, when it was totally deleted. Does anyone have any answers about this? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Bigezorange (talk • contribs) 22:27, 5 November 2007 (UTC)

 * This information is unecyclopedic to the coverage of the game within Wikipedia. WP is not a game guide, basically. --M ASEM  01:54, 6 November 2007 (UTC)

Another move?
Why was there another move of this article to We ♥ Katamari when there has already a discussion and decision to place the article in We Love Katamari? Strongsauce (talk) 02:22, 6 May 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on We Love Katamari. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20060701123350/http://www.gamecriticsawards.com/win.html to http://www.gamecriticsawards.com/win.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 16:32, 26 December 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:We Love Katamari


text:
NNW

NNW may refer to:

 * Neural network, an interconnected group of neurons or artificial neurons
 * North-northwest or Nor-norwest, a compass direction (one of the eight "half-winds")
 * NetNewsWire desktop news aggregator for Mac OS X
 * National Nursing Week, observed in the U.S. and Canada, incorporating International Nurses Day
 * Net national welfare, another name for Net economic welfare, a proposed national income measure
 * New native woodland, areas of reforestation created in the UK by the Woodland Trust

title: NNW


text:
Talk:John-the-Ripper

This page should be gone in favor of, which already existed at the time this one was created. The link off should then be corrected.
 * Done, the page has been merged and is now a redirect. Schutz 15:33, 24 December 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:John-the-Ripper


text:
Unspunnenfest

Unspunnenfest is a festival held in the town of Interlaken, Switzerland, near the old ruin of Unspunnen Castle, in the Bernese Alps, approximately once every twelve years, most recently in 2017. The festival highlights traditional Swiss culture and features competitions of Steinstossen (stone throwing), Schwingen (wrestling) and yodeling. The stone-throwing competition uses an 83.5 kg stone known as the Unspunnenstein ("Unspunnen Stone"), made of Aare granite from the Hasli valley.

History
The history of the festival dates back to the 13th century, in the meadows of Unspunnen Castle, when local lord Burkard von Unspunnen and the founder of the city of Bern, Berchtold V von Zähringen were able to reconcile their differences.

The first official festival was held on 17 August 1805, in a similar effort: Napoleon had just invaded Switzerland, and the event was seen as a way of unifying the nation. Furthermore, the people of the Bernese Oberland had formed a separate canton in the Helvetic Republic, leading the Mayor of Bern, Niklaus Friedrich von Mülinen and Interlaken's chief magistrate, Franz Ludwig Thormann (and others) to organize this festival in an effort to bring both sides together. It was, unfortunately, not very successful in that regard, and conflicts continue to exist between rural and urban dwellers today. Culturally and financially, however, the first two festivals were a great success. The Swiss Heritage Society and the Swiss Traditional Costume Association owe their origins to the Unspunnen Festival.

A second competition was held in 1808, but the original 184 lb stone was lost in the intervening years, and the 1808 festival used a 167 lb stone. The third festival was not organized until the centenary in 1905, using the 1808 stone, now with the dates 1805 and 1905 carved into it. However, it was not until 1946 that the festival, then known as the Bavarian Traditional Costume and Cowherd's Festival, was held at regular intervals. After 1946, the Unspunnenfest was staged at regular intervals: 1955, 1968, 1981 and 1993.

Modern times
In 1984, the 1808 stone was stolen by members of the Belier Group (Jura separatists) from Unterseen museum on Sunday 3 June 1984, and held as a "political hostage". A new stone was found, this one weighing 83.5 kg, similar to the 1805 stone, and has been used in all competitions since. This stone can currently be found in the counter hall of Interlaken UBS Bank.

In 1999, a photographer was led to a private residence in Brussels, where he was shown what was claimed to be the 1808 Unspunnenstein. He took photographs as evidence, which members of the Interlaken Gymnastic Club, who had commissioned the 1984 replacement stone, identified as authentic. The stone was delivered mysteriously to Shawne Fielding-Borer (American-born wife of the then Swiss ambassador to Berlin), packaged as confectionery, at a festival held in the village of Saignelégier, in the canton of Jura in August 2000. However, the stone had been damaged. Unhappy with the result of the Swiss national referendum in 1992, in which the Swiss population decided against participation to the European Economic Area (EEA), the Belier Group had engraved twelve stars in the stone, symbolising the European Union, as well as the date of the referendum, 6 December 1992, and their own emblem. As a result, the stone lost 2.3 kg in weight, and could no longer be used for competitions.

The 1808 stone was once again stolen on 20 August 2005 from a hotel in Interlaken. A small stone was left behind by the thieves bearing the emblem of Jura. The French-speaking separatists did not claim responsibility this time, but did issue a statement in support of the theft. Its whereabouts remain unknown.

Excessive flooding caused the next installment of Unspunnenfest to be postponed by a full year; it was finally held again in September 2006. The Steinstossen world record holder Swiss carpenter Markus Maire threw the 83.5 kg Unspunnenstein 3.89 m and won the competition.

The most recent competition took place in 2017, and the next is scheduled for 2029.

title: Unspunnenfest


text: User talk:68.65.204.236

title: User talk:68.65.204.236


text: User talk:81.152.56.186

title: User talk:81.152.56.186


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Likuid ice

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Woohookitty 10:08, 7 September 2005 (UTC)

Likuid ice
Guess what kind of vanity this is! Sigh... - Lucky 6.9 00:19, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

HEY! I'm Nick from the band and one of our friends did it. Just wanted to see us on here. Don't be a jerk and just leave it be... unsigned comment by User:Bunno14. DES (talk) 00:41, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * delete "Just wanted to see us on here" is not a good reason for an article to exist. DES (talk) 00:31, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks, D. Needless to say, this was that account's first edit.  Trying to give it the benefit of the doubt, at least for now.  To anyone associated with this article:  You are free to voice your opinion; however, new accounts and anonymous votes are generally discounted. - Lucky 6.9 00:36, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * delete vanity DV8 2XL 00:56, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete I hate worthless band articles more then any other worthless article. They're scum and they all say the same worthless things. Down the drain you go. --Blackcap | talk 01:09, September 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete band vanity. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 01:10, September 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as not meeting WP:music. Capitalistroadster 01:16, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nnbv. --TheMidnighters 01:37, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Please don't take this as an insult.  But if we let every person and every band create articles about themselves, there would be 32 million articles that are non-notable to nearly everyone except the creator.   ral  315  02:43, September 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete; non-notable band vanity. Jaxl | talk 02:55, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. If you'd like to see your friend's band on the web, maybe try myspace.com, Wikipedia isn't the appropriate place for it. Cnwb 03:06, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Per the soon-to-be-deleted article, they already have a web site.

 * Deleting is too good for this article. Fold, spindle, mutilate. Repeat as necessary. --DavidConrad 04:28, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, don't be a jerk and try to use Wikipedia for free publicity for your non-notable band. Zoe 05:35, September 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete This article wastes precious server space for a nobody band. Dump It! Misterrick 06:41, 01 September 2005 (UTC).
 * Delete. They have another website than the article lists. 9here) and it lists just one gig for March 2005 and hasn't been updated much at all. They also don't seem to clear WP:MUSIC no albums or singles out yet. - Mgm|(talk) 07:57, September 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I love being a jerk. __earth 08:50, September 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete.— Encephalon |  ζ   11:29:47, 2005-09-01 (UTC)
 * Delete. Just wanted to see my name on this list of votes. Peeper 13:00, 1 September 2005 (UTC) (Btw, I thought 'Likuid' was the Israeli opposition party...or is that 'Liqud'? ;) )
 * Delete—vanity.   Journalist C./ Holla @ me!
 * I always thought liquid, sorry, likuid, ice was called "water". Delete, but let's remember WP:BITE and WP:civ if humanly possible, eh? Tonywalton | Talk 15:16, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, I like voting :)--Oppolo 23:05, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete When are we going to get a nn band vanity speedy delete option?? Dottore So 01:33, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn. LOL intro too :) Ryan Norton T 07:18, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/Wikipedia:The original Bad Jokes and Other Deleted Nonsense

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was '''Speedy keep since the page is an archive. All pages can be archived. Zscout370 (Sound Off) 00:20, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

The original Bad Jokes and Other Deleted Nonsense
Is any of this notable and/or worth giving lots of valuable space on Wikipedia for? UniReb 00:19, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:Zionist youth movement

Habo
After merging in 1959 with the Habonim Union, the current movement was formed, "the Working and Student Youth".

Hanoar Haoved never merged with the organization that "Habonim Union" links to (currently Habonim Dror). Hanoar Haoved and Habonim Dror have been considered "sister movements" since about 1998(?). Since I'm unsure that Hanoar Haoved never merged with some other organization by the name Habonim Union (unlikely), I'm just taking out the link from the phrase. Sycocowz 00:20, September 1, 2005 (UTC)

 * I think I understood the affiliation to be of affiliated Kibbutz Movements. Habonim Union is the group we call "Ichud Habonim" in Hebrew, as the Habonim youth movement was called before its joining with Dror. If you keep the link off, that's fine, but if we can clarify the content, that's better. --jnothman talk 04:45, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

 * How does "with the Ichud Habonim kibbutz movement" with no link sound? Sycocowz 16:44, September 5, 2005 (UTC)

 * I guess that's fine, but it sounds very long for what are meant to be brief descriptions, especially for those topics with their own articles... --jnothman talk 22:40, 5 September 2005 (UTC)

List of movements by continent
This is a good article, but the way that the movements are listed could be improved. It's difficult to draw a distinction between an international and a national movement, especially a Zionist one. For instance, I am very fond of AJ6, but one outpost in Shelomi doesn't put in the same international category as, say, Habonim or Hashomer. The problem is that, at the moment, several movements are listed in several places in this article. I suggest making one, alphabetical list of movements, including the current one-line summaries of history and ideology. To show the international spread of the movements, we could have a table, or a series of lists by country. Nomist 20:03, 9 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I didn't know AJ6 had an outpost in Shelomi!
 * I think this is a good idea. Location should be added to the movement description, though, at least in cases where there is only one geographical area. A table then may be neat, but then makes the article quite large. Tables here may also be useful for giving some other basic facts, such as founding year. jnothman talk 10:50, 13 May 2006 (UTC)

Betar
Betar is not affiliated with the likud party. Betar is an ideological movement not a policical movement.

I think its more accurate to say that Betar is affiliated with the ruling Kadima party today. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Naama (talk • contribs) 02:16, March 4, 2007

Adding Link to Sources for Madrichim
i would like to add a link to http://www.bneionline.com/ the online source for madrichim. thanks Samson Ben-Manoach (talk) 23:40, 3 December 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 7 one external links on Zionist youth movement. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20050324012320/http://beyajad.com:80/ to http://www.beyajad.com
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20060208142946/http://www.ihaklai.org.il:80/Youth to http://www.ihaklai.org.il/Youth/
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20050717080658/http://hineni.org.au/ to http://www.hineni.org.au
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20150626135523/http://www.zofim.org.il:80/ to http://www.zofim.org.il/
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20041109080546/http://www.jafi.org.il:80/education/study/m-chul/english/ to http://www.jafi.org.il/education/study/m-chul/english/
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20051106094849/http://www.wzo.org.il:80/en/programs/view.asp?id=120 to http://www.wzo.org.il/en/programs/view.asp?id=120
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20051106001530/http://www.wzo.org.il:80/en/resources/expand_subject.asp?id=45 to http://www.wzo.org.il/en/resources/expand_subject.asp?id=45
 * Added tag to http://www.hanoar.co.uk

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 22:07, 20 July 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Zionist youth movement


text: User talk:86.126.35.68

title: User talk:86.126.35.68


text:
John Lieswyn

John Lieswyn (born 18 August 1968) is an American former professional road bicycle racer.

Career
Lieswyn started his road racing career in Florida in 1985, and raced for the University of Florida's Cycling Club (Team Florida). After graduation from college in 1990, he raced three seasons for the US National team in Germany, France and Italy. Lieswyn turned professional in 1993 for Coors Light. He returned to Europe in 1995, scoring numerous top ten results and winning the Delémont (Switzerland) mountain stage of the Regio-Tour. After taking a break in 1996, he focused on the US domestic scene with over 40 major wins. In the pre and post US-season, he competed in South America, Australia and New Zealand, notably taking three stage wins in the Herald Sun Tour (Australia), and overall victory at the Southland Tour (NZ), the Nature Valley Grand Prix in Minnesota, and Tour de Beauce (Canada). He finished second in his last USA professional race, the 2005 San Francisco Grand Prix. His fifth and last time representing the USA National Team was the 2005 World Road Cycling Championships in Spain, where he was a domestique (worker) for the USA team sprinters.

In 2012 David Zabriskie the original winner of the 2004 United States National Time Trial Championships was found guilty of doping and his results from May 2003 to July 2006 were stripped. This made Lieswyn, who originally came second, the new winner.

Post-cycling
He retired from racing at the end of the 2005 season and moved to New Zealand to work as a transportation planner. Lieswyn has a master's degree in transport planning from the University of Canterbury, which he completed in 2012. In 2012 he returned to the USA and lived in Davis, California; before returning to New Zealand in 2015.

Major results
Sources:

 * 1989
 * 1st Overall Tour of the Gila

 * 1991
 * 1st USA National Team Time Trial
 * 1st Stage 2 International Cycling Classic
 * 3rd Amateur National Championships, road race

 * 1992
 * 1st Stage 17 International Cycling Classic
 * 1st Stage 8 Commonwealth Bank Classic

 * 1994
 * 6th Reading Classic

 * 1995
 * 1st Stage 7, Regio-Tour
 * 5th Lancaster Classic
 * 7th Overall Tour Poitou-Charentes en Nouvelle-Aquitaine

 * 1997
 * 1st Stage 6 International Cycling Classic
 * 1st Stage 10 Tour of Ohio
 * 2nd Overall Vuelta a Guatemala
 * 5th Overall Killington Stage Race
 * 1st Stage 3

 * 1998
 * 1st Stage 13 Herald Sun Tour
 * 1st Overall Tour of Ohio
 * 1st Stages 1 & 3

 * 1999
 * 1st Chris Thater Memorial Criterium
 * 1st Stage 3 Bermuda GP

 * 2000
 * 1st Stage 4 Herald Sun Tour
 * National championships
 * 2nd Time trial
 * 3rd Road race
 * 2nd Tour Lefleur
 * 4th First Union Wilmington Classic
 * 7th Overall Sea Otter Classic
 * 7th Philadelphia International Cycling Classic
 * 8th Reading Classic

 * 2001
 * 1st Stage 2 Herald Sun Tour
 * 1st Stage 9 International Cycling Classic
 * 1st Stage 3, Tour of Willamette
 * 1st Chris Thater Memorial Criterium
 * 6th Overall Tour of Southland
 * 1st Stages 1 & 2
 * 9th Overall Tour de Beauce

 * 2002
 * 1st Copa América de Ciclismo
 * 1st Overall Tour of Southland
 * 1st Stages 1 & 6 (ITT)
 * 1st Overall North Star Grand Prix
 * 1st Stage 2
 * 1st Overall Gateway Cup
 * 1st Stages 2, 3 & 4
 * 1st Stage 5 Cascade Cycling Classic
 * 7th Overall Redlands Classic
 * 10th Overall Sea Otter Classic

 * 2003
 * 1st Overall Tour de Beauce
 * 1st Stage 1
 * 1st Overall Gateway Cup
 * 1st Stage 10 International Cycling Classic
 * 5th Lancaster Classic
 * 7th Overall Sea Otter Classic
 * 7th Overall Redlands Classic
 * 1st Stage 3
 * 9th Overall Tour of Georgia

 * 2004
 * 1st National time trial championship
 * 1st Overall Tour of Southland
 * 1st Stage 1 (TTT)
 * 1st Overall International Tour de Toona
 * 1st Stage 3
 * 1st Overall Gateway Cup
 * 1st Stages 2 & 3
 * 1st Overall Tobago Cycling Classic
 * 1st Stages 3 & 4
 * 1st Stage 5, Nature Valley Grand Prix
 * 1st K2 Classic
 * 4th Overall Redlands Classic

 * 2005
 * 1st Overall Nature Valley Grand Prix
 * 1st Stage 2
 * 1st Stage 1 (TTT) Tour of Southland
 * 2nd San Francisco Grand Prix
 * 4th Overall Tour de Beauce

title: John Lieswyn


text:
User talk:Xassow

I like to play basketball, collect kicks. But more than that, I like business. Will put more stuff later.

Images
Hello Xassow. Welcome to Wikipedia. Why have you tagged images like Image:Airjordan20.jpg as GPL? Do slamtown.com, which you cited at Image:Air jordan 1.jpg, own the copyright to these images or are they promotional images provided to them by Nike? Do you have proof that these images can be freely re-used in this way? If so, the GFDL would be more appropriate than the GPL since it is the GFDL under which Wikipedia is licensed. If you can not cite the source of these images, and provide evidence of their copyright status, they may need to be deleted. Please see Copyrights for further information. Angela. 04:41, 24 September 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Xassow