text:
User talk:Xiornik~enwiki

Welcome
Hi and welcome to wikipedia. I hope you like it and decide to stay. Here are some handy links for newcomers. Also you can sign your name on talk pages and vote pages with three tildes like this ~~~, and your name with a time stamp with four like this ~~~~. If you have any questions, ask me on my talk page. Howabout1 Talk to me! 04:41, August 28, 2005 (UTC)
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Does your kindness asociation have anything to do with wikipeia?

I really don't get what it is about. Do you want to make a wikipedia article about it? Howabout1 Talk to me! 22:00, August 28, 2005 (UTC)

Ok. Then make it. Howabout1 Talk to me! 22:23, August 29, 2005 (UTC)

OK, this is it.

The Kindness Association believes in a system of values based on kindness and in the belief that these values should be consistantly reflected in your actions. The Kindness Manifesto goes as follows:

Anything that you’d ever want comes somehow from kindness. Whether what you want is given to you by a person or something else in the real world, it was a kindness that you received it. The Kindness Association seeks to promote kindness of all types and shapes, whatever you can imagine as a kindness the Association seeks to find some, any way to give it to you. Everything that you ever got, anything that ever happened to you, was from a kindness. If you find money on the street, reality was kind to you. If you win the lottery, luck was kind to you. If someone else is nice to you, or helps you in some way, then they are being kind to you. Philosophically and morally kindness is the greatest goal anyone could aspire to get, or if they wish to help others and look good, kindness is the greatest thing anyone can give. Kindness functions on two levels, one is socially, the other, still emotional, is more of a physical thing related to interpersonal relationships. If I give you a dollar in a business transaction, that is more physical than social. Thus kindness can be divided into two general categories, emotional and physical. Sometimes we don’t consider being kind if say we are doing business, and merely seek our current practical objective. Therefore it is the other aspect of life, the emotional, that the Kindness Association seeks to improve for you and everyone else. If you adopt the ideals of the Kindness Association, to promote your emotional wellbeing by promoting kindness in yourself and others, so that they will be kind to you, you will help the Kindness Association achieve its goals. You of course need to promote kindness in yourself, not just others, because being unkind yourself makes you think about things which cause negative emotion, which makes you feel bad. In order to fully feel and get the benefit of kindness, you must promote kindness in yourself as well, otherwise you’d only get half the benefit. (If you just promote it in others)

In order to adopt the ideal of the kindness association for life, you need to know what to do. You can’t just go about “promoting kindness” if you don’t know what kindness is in    In order to adopt the ideal of the kindness association for life, you need to know what to do. You can’t just go about “promoting kindness” if you don’t know what kindness is in the first place. The ideal of the Kindness Association is for everyone to be as kind as possible, to promote this kindness in others, and to discourage and put down anything other than kindness. So sure, if someone else clearly isn’t abiding by the ideal of the Kindness Association, you should feel obligated to be rude/mean to him/her, whatever is necessary in order to promote the values of this organization. Being mean is justified if in the end it achieves kindness. Its a simple basic concept. If someone is mean to you if/when you're mean, then you'd be less likely to be mean to them in the future, so they won't be mean to you again Someone is mean, then they are punished, making them less likely to be mean so they say, should I be mean this next time then they say no, no, since I'll be punished again.

So in summary, being kind to yourself in the end just makes you happier. That’s the case since kindness is everything that you want. Everything that you get that object is being kind by giving itself to you. So clearly you want to be kind to yourself. You also want to punish objects that try to not help you, in order to reinforce and encourage good things to come your way. Nothing is one sided. It should also be clear that encouraging other people to also be kind to you (in addition to them self) is beneficial to them. That works out by a very simple positive reward system. If you get something you like, you feel happy. If someone gives you something you like, you are happy because of that person. That makes you more willing to do things for the other person, makes you both happier, increases connection. Thus being kind to others is actually being kind to yourself. The reverse happens in the opposite situation (being mean), so that of course should be discouraged. Also, doing good things, and being kind to yourself, obviously makes you happier. Why not just call it the make yourself happy organization? That’s too obscure, kindness is the way to get there, that is the end result and harder to measure. Also, you can be happy from not doing anything, an inaction. Say I just slept, and didn’t plan it. That could make me happy, but it wasn’t intended. This is the intended happiness association, and a better phrase for that would be the Kindness Association. Also, people might want to be peaceful, or excited sometimes more than they want to be happy - kindness is whatever you want, whatever you want yourself to feel, and sometimes you don't want to be happy (but usually you want happiness to be the eventual outcome). I could also call it the Directed Acts of Kindness Association, as that is what it is, however it should be understood that that is what it is, not something like a Random Acts of Kindness Association, which is dumb, since in order to maximize kindness you’d do a much better job if you figure out how to best be kind first, instead of randomly jumping into it, not being as efficient as you could. The Association aims to promote all types of kindness, materialistic and social. However, since we don’t have plans for world domination yet, right now we are trying to focus on what we can do individually, which is promote social kindness. Say government A is treating is people better than government B, government A is being more kind, then we would support the actions of government A over government B. I know sometimes its hard to judge how kind someone is being on an individual level or as a larger organization, but the Association is just asking you to try your hardest to come to the highest level of understanding you can about how kind someone(thing) is being and use that knowledge to your fullest, best ability. There are countless examples of the various types of kindness, so the ones that are mentioned here are just that, one example, not perfectly reflective of the whole. An example of a personal, social kindness would be say, not picking on someone else. The main point is, once again, to always asses every situation (of every type, social, economic, whatever) and see if maximum kindness is being employed, and if that isn’t the case, to try your best to employ it.

August 2009
Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute constructively to the encyclopedia, one or more of the external links you added do not comply with our guidelines for external links and have been removed. Wikipedia is not a collection of links; nor should it be used for advertising or promotion, and doing so is contrary to the goals of this project. Since Wikipedia uses nofollow tags, external links do not alter search engine rankings. If you feel the link should be added to the article, please discuss it on the before reinserting it. Please take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. McGeddon (talk) 09:38, 20 August 2009 (UTC)

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Please stop adding inappropriate external links to Wikipedia. It is considered spamming and Wikipedia is not a vehicle for advertising or promotion. Because Wikipedia uses nofollow tags, additions of links to Wikipedia will not alter search engine rankings. If you continue spamming, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia. Materialscientist (talk) 07:14, 28 April 2010 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Xiornik. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Xiornik~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 03:55, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 20:38, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Xiornik~enwiki


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John Edmands (librarian)

John Edmands (February 1, 1820 – October 17, 1915) was an American librarian who was responsible for innovations in filing methodologies. He inspired Poole's guide to periodical literature.

He was born in Framingham, Massachusetts, graduated from Phillips Academy, Andover, and then Yale College in 1847, and taught at Rocky Mount, North Carolina for a year before resuming study at Yale Divinity School from 1848 to 1851. He was librarian for the Yale Debating Society, Brothers in Unity from 1846 to 1847 and was assistant in the Yale College library from 1851 to 1856. He was followed in that position by William Frederick Poole, who developed Edmands's Subjects for Debates with Reference to Authorities into Poole's Index to Periodical Literature. In 1856 Edmands became chief librarian of the Mercantile Library, Philadelphia.

He was one of the original members of the American Library Association, and one of its first vice presidents. He also served as head of the Association of Pennsylvania Librarians for several years.

Publications

 * "Subjects for debate, with references to authorities" (New Haven, 1847)
 * "Historical sketch... the Central Congregational Church of Philadelphia" (E.E. Hayes & Co., 1894)
 * "The Evolution of Congregationalism" (Free Press, 1916)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: John Edmands (librarian)


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List of aircraft of the Iranian Air Force

This is a  list of aircraft types operated by the Iranian Air Force, not including those operated by the Aerospace Force of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps. This list also includes aircraft operated by Imperial Iranian Army Aviation prior to the foundation of the Air Force as a separate service in August 1955.

In 2007, Iraq asked Iran to return some of the scores of Iraqi fighter planes that flew there ahead of the Persian Gulf War in 1991. And as of 2014, Iran was receptive to the demands and was working on refurbishing an unspecified number of jets. In late 2014, Iran returned some of the impounded Iraqi military aircraft to Iraq.

Other types
These types were also purchased by the Iranian government

 * One Aero A.30 from Czechoslovakia in 1923
 * One De Havilland DHC-4 Caribou in 1979

A number of other types have been in recent, or reported to be in, Iranian service. Many remain in reserve storage or are operated by the Army or Navy. Some recent types include:

 * Shabaviz 2-75 (Iranian origin, operated by the Army)
 * HESA Shahed 278
 * Shahed 285 (40+ operated by Iranian forces)
 * IAIO Toufan (40+ operated by IRIAA)
 * Mikoyan MiG-23 (formerly IQAF)
 * Mi-17(47 operated by the Iranian air force)
 * Shenyang J-6
 * Boeing 727 (Cargo/transport)
 * Hughes 300C

Iran has a number of UAVs and UCAVs, currently under operation of the Iranian Army Aviation.


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Sucralfate

Sucralfate, sold under various brand names, is a medication used to treat stomach ulcers, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), radiation proctitis, and stomach inflammation and to prevent stress ulcers. Its usefulness in people infected by H. pylori is limited. It is used by mouth (for upper GIT ulcers) and rectally (for radiation proctitis).

Common side effects include constipation. Serious side effects may include bezoar formation and encephalopathy. Use appears to be safe in pregnancy and breastfeeding. How it works is unclear but is believed to involve binding to the ulcer and protecting it from further damage.

Sucralfate was approved for medical use in the United States in 1981. It is available as a generic medication. In 2021, it was the 186th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 2million prescriptions.

Medical uses
Sucralfate is used for the treatment of active duodenal ulcers not related to the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), as the mechanism behind these ulcers is due to acid oversecretion. It is not FDA approved for gastric ulcers, but is widely used because of evidence of efficacy. The use for sucralfate in peptic ulcer disease has diminished recently, but it is still the preferred agent for stress ulcer prevention.

Sucralfate has also been used for the following conditions:
 * Active duodenal ulcer not related to NSAID use
 * Maintenance therapy for resolved duodenal ulcers
 * Gastric ulcer not related to NSAID use and gastritis due to GERD—Triple combination therapy with lansoprazole + cisapride + sucralfate can significantly improve symptoms and quality of life and was more cost-effective than ranitidine combination group.
 * Aphthous ulcer and stomatitis due to radiation or chemotherapy—The 2013 guidelines of the International Society of Oral Oncology does not recommended sucralfate for the prevention of oral mucositis in head and neck cancer patients receiving radiotherapy or chemoradiation due to a lack of efficacy found in a randomized controlled trial.
 * Gastro-esophageal reflux disease during pregnancy—First-line drug therapy combined with lifestyle and diet modification.
 * Stress ulcer prophylaxis—The use of sucralfate rather than H2 antagonists for stress ulcer prophylaxis, and measures to prevent aspiration, such as continuous subglottic suctioning, have been shown to reduce the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Sucralfate is less effective for prophylaxis against gastrointestinal bleeding than either a PPI or H2-blocker. For that reason, it is not commonly used for stress ulcer prophylaxis.
 * Prevention of stricture formation—Sucralfate has an inhibitory effect on stricture formation in experimental corrosive burns and can be used in the treatment of corrosive esophageal burns to enhance mucosal healing and suppress stricture formation
 * Proctitis from ulcerative colitis
 * Rectal bleeding due to proctitis from radiation to treat cancers of the cervix, prostate, and colon.
 * Grade 1 bleeding experienced immediate relief with sucrasulfate enema for 1 month.
 * Grade 2 bleeding, sucrasulfate enema] and/or coagulation were effective.
 * Grade 3 bleeding lasted for 1 year despite frequent transfusions and coagulation.
 * Grade 2 and 3 rectal bleeding occurred in 8.5% of people. The most significant risk factor was the ICRU-CRBED. Prompt treatment with a combination of sucrasulfate enema and coagulation is effective in controlling Grade 1 and 2 rectal bleeding without the development of fistula or stricture.
 * Treatment of anastomotic ulcer after gastric bypass surgery
 * Sucralfate suspension is recommended by the US-based National Capital Poison Center (Poison Control) as an intervention for known or suspected button battery ingestions to reduce the risk and severity of injury to the esophagus prior to the battery's endoscopic removal.
 * Protection against ventilator-associated pneumonia - Reductions in gastric acidity and volumes increase bacterial overgrowth and the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Sucralfate may be considered to have the advantage over H2-blockers and PPIs in this regard because sucralfate does not change the pH of gastric fluid.  A majority of meta-analyses found that sucralfate therapy decreased the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia compared to H2-antagonists.

Side effects
The most common side effect seen is constipation (2-3%). Less commonly reported side effects (<0.5%) include flatulence, headache, hypophosphatemia, xerostomia (dry mouth), and bezoar formation. Use of this drug is not recommended for people with chronic kidney failure, as it might cause aluminium accumulation and toxicity. A few well-controlled studies have been carried out investigating the safety and efficacy of sucralfate in children and pregnant women (Pregnancy Category B).

Mechanism of action
Sucralfate is a locally acting substance that in an acidic environment (pH < 4) reacts with hydrochloric acid in the stomach to form a cross-linking, viscous, paste-like material capable of acting as an acid buffer for as long as 6 to 8 hours after a single dose. It also attaches to proteins on the surface of ulcers, such as albumin and fibrinogen, to form stable insoluble complexes. These complexes serve as protective barriers at the ulcer surface, preventing further damage from acid, pepsin, and bile. In addition, sucralfate prevents back diffusion of hydrogen ions, and absorbs both pepsin and bile acids.

It has been thought that sucralfate also stimulates the production of prostaglandin E2, epidermal growth factors (EGF), bFGF, and gastric mucus.

Pharmacokinetics

 * Onset: 1-2 hr (initial onset for peptic ulcer disease (PUD))
 * Absorption: <5% Orally
 * Duration: Up to 6 hours due to high affinity for defective mucosa (PUD)
 * Bioavailability: 5%, sucralfate is considered non-systemic, sucrose octasulfate: 5%, aluminum:0.005%
 * Metabolism: Not metabolized, excreted unchanged in urine
 * Excretion: Primarily in feces as unchanged drug

Brand names
Brand names include Carafate in the US, Sucramal in Italy, Sucrafil, Sufrate, Sucralpro, Sucralcoat, Pepsigard, Sucral, Hapifate, Sucralpro tablets and Sucralpro cream in India, Sutra or Musin in parts of South-East Asia, Sulcrate in Canada, Discral (sucralfato) in México, Ulsanic in South Africa and Israel, Andapsin in Sweden, Antepsin in Turkey, Sucracell in India, and Ulsidex in Indonesia

title: Sucralfate


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Dworshak Dam

Dworshak Dam is a concrete gravity dam in the western United States, on the North Fork of the Clearwater River in north central Idaho. In Clearwater County, the dam is located approximately 4 mi northwest of Orofino and impounds the Dworshak Reservoir for flood control and hydroelectricity generation. By capacity, the reservoir is the largest in Idaho and fourth-largest in the Pacific Northwest.

With a height of 717 ft, Dworshak is the third tallest dam in the U.S. and the tallest straight-axis concrete dam in the Western Hemisphere. Construction of the dam by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) began in 1966 and was completed in 1973.

Lacking fish ladders, the dam blocks fish passage and completely extirpated anadromous fish migration into the upper reaches of the North Fork and its tributaries in Idaho.

History
The proposal for Dworshak Dam originated in a 1953 USACE survey of the lower Snake River drainage basin for suitable sites to develop reservoir storage and hydroelectric power generation. Dworshak was one of seven dam sites considered on the Snake, Salmon and Clearwater River systems. The final site for Dworshak Dam was chosen at a point on the North Fork of the Clearwater 1.9 mi above its confluence with the larger Clearwater River. The project was authorized on October 23, 1962, as Bruces Eddy Dam; the name was later changed to honor Senator Henry Dworshak (1894–1962), who was instrumental in gaining congressional approval for the dam project.

The dam was controversial from the start, because it would block fish migration and its reservoir would flood a large portion of the winter range of elk in the Clearwater River basin. The North Fork of the Clearwater River had an excellent run of steelhead trout and "may have been the finest population of large-size steelhead in the world". However, proponents of the project held that the construction of a fish hatchery would maintain the river's steelhead runs, and that the construction of the dam would render other dam projects in the Clearwater River basin unnecessary. Another big incentive for the project was flood control; supporters of Dworshak cited a devastating flood in 1948, when the Clearwater River reached a peak of 177000 cuft/s—eleven times its normal flow—as further reason for the construction of a large storage dam.

While clearing and preparations at the dam site were underway as early as June 1965, actual construction did not begin until early 1966 with the excavation of a 40 ft diameter diversion tunnel and the creation of a 110 ft high cofferdam to divert the river around the dam site. Excavation of keyways in the canyon walls to provide future foundations for the concrete commenced in 1966, and continued through 1968. The first bucket of concrete was placed in early 1968, and by May 28, 1969, more than 1000000 yd3 had been poured in the dam. Concrete placement was accomplished by a cableway system supported by three movable towers on the canyon rims, transporting buckets that each had a capacity of 8 yd3 of wet concrete. The diversion tunnel was closed on September 27, 1971, allowing the reservoir to begin filling, and the last concrete was poured on the dam crest on January 27, 1973. Three generating units of the power plant were also installed in 1973, and by March 1, the reservoir had risen to a sufficient level to allow power generation to begin. The reservoir first reached full capacity on July 3, 1973.

After the dam was completed, the USACE acquired 5120 acre of land adjacent to the reservoir (later expanded to 9100 acre), and has since managed it for winter habitat of elk and white-tailed deer. Because Dworshak Dam is too high for a fish ladder to be economically feasible, the USACE constructed the Dworshak National Fish Hatchery (DNFH) at a cost of $21 million to mitigate losses of the North Fork steelhead run caused by Dworshak Dam. The hatchery is located on the small peninsula of land between the North Fork and the main Clearwater River directly above their confluence. Now operated by the National Fish Hatchery System, the fish hatchery actually went into operation in April 1969, four years before the dam was completed. The hatchery has a capacity of 6,000 adult fish, and releases about 3.4 million juveniles into the river system each year.

The Dworshak Dam power station was designed to accommodate six generating units for purposes of peaking power production. However, this form of operation would cause excessively large flow fluctuations on the North Fork Clearwater River, and the main Clearwater River below their confluence at Ahsahka. A dam was to be built on the Clearwater River above Lenore to provide a forebay for smoothing out Dworshak releases, but due to opposition by local residents it was never built. Although it would have been fitted with a fish ladder, the Lenore dam would have affected steelhead and salmon migration to the entire upper Clearwater River and its tributaries, including the South Fork, Middle Fork, Lochsa, and Selway Rivers. In addition, the flooding caused by its 11 mi-long reservoir would require the relocation of the Dworshak fish hatchery. The proposed fifth and sixth units of the plant were deauthorized in 1990, and the fourth unit was deauthorized in 1995.

During initial filling of the reservoir, the dam developed several large vertical cracks on the upstream side – some more than 400 ft long – due to the rapid change of water pressure from the rising reservoir. Workers had to drill 1.5 in diameter drain holes between the cracks and the dam's existing foundation drainage system, or "drainage gallery", at 5 ft intervals, relieving the pressure on the dam's backside.

In June 1980, the dam again experienced leakage problems when a 236 ft crack opened on its upstream face, sending more than 17 cuft/s of water spraying across the downstream side of the dam. Seventy drainage holes were drilled into the crack to relieve pressure before the crack was permanently sealed by an aggregate of cement, volcanic ash, and sawdust. The cost of the repair exceeded $1 million.

The suspension Dent Bridge was constructed 17 mi upstream of the dam, and the deck truss Grandad Bridge was built 41 mi upstream.

Specifications
Dworshak Dam is a concrete gravity dam with a sloped downstream face and vertical upstream face, standing 717 ft high from the foundations, 632 ft above the riverbed and measuring 3287 ft long along its crest. The top of the dam is 44 ft wide at an elevation of 1613 ft above sea level. The main body of the structure contains approximately 6500000 yd3 of concrete. High water releases are controlled by a set of outlet works with five gates, capable of releasing 40000 cuft/s, and a spillway controlled by two 50.0 × tainter gates. The spillway has a capacity of 150000 cuft/s at maximum reservoir elevation. Dworshak Reservoir is the name of the lake formed behind the dam. At normal maximum water levels of 1600 ft above sea level, the reservoir stretches 53 mi upstream, covering 17090 acre and containing 3468000 acre feet of water with 175 mi of shoreline.

The hydroelectric plant located at the base of the dam is a 428 ft long concrete structure and contains one 346,000 hp and two 142000 hp turbines that power one 220 megawatt (MW) and two 90 MW generators, respectively, for a total capacity of 400 MW. The rated hydraulic head for the powerhouse is 560 ft, with a maximum of 632 ft when the reservoir is full and a minimum of 417 ft required for power generation. Up to 10500 cuft/s of water can be released through the power plant at maximum capacity. The overload capacity of the two small units is 103.5 MW and for the large unit is 253.0 MW, for a total of 460 MW. If installed, Units 4, 5, and 6, each with a capacity of 220 MW, would bring the total generating capacity to 1,060 MW, making it one of the largest hydroelectric plants in Idaho.

Operations
The total usable storage capacity or active capacity of Dworshak Reservoir, including flood control, is 2016000 acre feet. The inactive capacity (the portion of the reservoir's capacity below the power generating outlets and the lower river outlet works) is 682000 acre feet, and the dead pool (below the river outlet works) corresponds to a storage of 770000 acre feet. In addition, the reservoir has a surcharge capacity (above the spillway gates) of 92000 acre feet, bringing the maximum amount of water that can be retained behind the dam to 3560000 acre feet.

Most of the active capacity not used for flood control is used for power production. Because the Lenore dam on the Clearwater River was never built, Dworshak cannot be used as a peaking power facility. Thus, the power plant is operated as a base load plant, with a relatively constant release. Discharge rates from the dam only increase significantly during high water summers, when flooding requires the opening of the spillways. The power plant generates an average of 1.693 billion KWh each year. Water releases from Dworshak Dam are also controlled to optimize power generation at four downstream dams on the Snake River and four more on the Columbia River.

Each winter, the level of Dworshak Reservoir is drawn down an average of 155 ft to prepare for the North Fork's annual freshet, which once could reach more than 100000 cuft/s after a heavy snowmelt. The reservoir is required to maintain a minimum of 700000 acre feet of winter flood-storage space, and dam releases are operated so that water levels reach a maximum of 1570 ft in July. However, annual flood control reservations vary with the amount of snowpack in the 2440 mi2 drainage basin above the dam. The annual flood-control drawdown generally begins in September and ends on April 1 of the following year; snowmelt floods are captured in the reservoir between April and July. Although the reservoir covers more than 17000 acre at full pool, the surface area decreases to 9050 acre at the lowest point of the drawdown. Flood storage space in Dworshak can be interchanged with other major dams in the Columbia River system, including large Columbia mainstem dams such as Grand Coulee, depending on varying flood control requirements in the Columbia Basin.

Water releases from Dworshak are also timed to benefit Pacific salmon and steelhead migration in the Clearwater, Snake and Columbia Rivers. During late summer through the fall, large volumes of cold water are released through the dam's low level outlets to help cool water in downstream rivers, creating more suitable temperatures for these fish species. These environmental or "flow augmentation" releases significantly increase water levels during the late summer, with up to 14600 cuft/s being released through the dam in August and 10400 cuft/s in September. The temperature of the released water generally varies from 46 to 48 F.

Tourism and economy
One of the major benefits touted by proponents of the Dworshak Dam was that it would provide recreation and associated economic benefits to local residents. The annual visitation to Dworshak is estimated at between 110,000 and 140,000 people, mostly during the summer high water months. Recreational activities include boating, water-skiing, camping, fishing, hiking and hunting; six boat ramps lie adjacent to the reservoir. Idaho's Dworshak State Park is located on Dworshak Reservoir about 3 mi north of the dam. The uppermost arm of the reservoir extends into the Clearwater National Forest. A regional visitor center is located at Dworshak Dam, and tours are available of the dam itself. However, the large annual drawdown of the reservoir causes boat ramps and marinas to be out of reach for months each year and an unsightly "bathtub ring" to be visible along the shoreline. A study by the University of Idaho calculated that this mode of operation causes the loss of between $4.5–5.9 million of tourism revenues each year.

The creation of a slackwater pool along 53 mi of the North Fork formerly assisted logging operations in the region, although the scale of the lumber industry has decreased significantly since the 20th century. About 81 million board feet were transported on Dworshak Reservoir between 1988 and 1991; however, logs have not been barged on the lake since 1991. This is in part because of the implementation of a late-summer flow augmentation scheme that requires greater drawdowns of the reservoir, putting log-handling facilities well above the water level, and also because of the development of backcountry logging roads that allow more efficient transport by truck. It has been suggested that some of Dworshak's flood control space be shifted to Grand Coulee Dam in northern Washington to provide increased water for flow augmentation; this would carry the added benefits of improving recreation on the lake.

title: Dworshak Dam


text: File:Coneheads Poster.jpg

title: File:Coneheads Poster.jpg


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The Psychedelic World of the Vanishing Cucumbers

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete--Tony Sidaway Talk 08:46, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

The Psychedelic World of the Vanishing Cucumbers
Initially this was marked as a speedy. I deleted it, but decided to restore it so that some discussion can take place on its notability. I don't think this article is notable enough to be on Wikipedia however. HappyCamper 04:43, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete. You really have to ask whether this is notable?    Paul Klenk 05:15, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Believe it or not, I've actually heard of them. But it's obviously a speedy for me too at the moment. --HappyCamper 05:19, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, doesn't appear to be a speedy though. Christopher Parham (talk) 05:42, 2005 August 28 (UTC)
 * Alright, let's keep this page and let it pass through vfd then. Thanks for the feedback. --HappyCamper 05:57, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Do You COnsider It A BJAODN — Preceding unsigned comment added by Tanet (talk • contribs) 11:30, 28 August 2005 (UTC) –Comment merged here from content previously at this title

 * Delete, current version is nothing more than vanity. Since you heard of them, HC. Do you know if they clear any WP:MUSIC criteria? - Mgm|(talk) 17:26, August 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * delete nn __earth 04:55, August 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Ruhengeri Province

Ruhengeri Province (prior to January 1, 2002, Ruhengeri Prefecture) was one of the twelve provinces of Rwanda until the end of 2005, when boundaries were redrawn to create five multiethnic provinces. The province was in the north of the country, bordered to the north by Uganda and to the northwest by the Democratic Republic of Congo. It consisted of 10 districts.

It had an area of 1,651.2 square kilometres, of which 1,439.2 are considered habitable. The region is mountainous, and includes the 4,507-meter dormant volcano, Mount Karisimbi.

The 2002 census counted 891,498 people in the province, including 475,424 women and 416,074 men, making Ruhengeri the most populous province of Rwanda, with 11% of the nation's population. It was the fourth most populous province at the time of the 1991 census, which counted 769,297 people, and the fourth most populous in the 1978 census, which counted 531,927.

The 2002 census found that the mean age of the province's population was 20.3 years, while the median was 15.8 years. Most of the inhabitants, 819,987 people, were living in rural areas, with 71,551 in urban areas like the city of Ruhengeri. There were 29,286 urban residents counted in 1991, and 18,942 counted in 1978.

title: Ruhengeri Province


text:
User:OmegaPaladin

OmegaPaladin is the online name of a student at the University of Illinois at Chicago studying industrial hygiene after completing a program in biochemistry. My non-academic interests include science fiction, science in public policy, Christianity, and computer and video games.

title: User:OmegaPaladin


text:
South Valley Regional Airport

South Valley Regional Airport  is a public airport located in West Jordan, 7 mi southwest of Salt Lake City, Utah, United States. Originally named Municipal Airport No. 2, construction began July 8, 1941, and it opened around July 15, 1942. It is the primary general aviation airport in the area and is a Utah Army National Guard training base with Apache and Blackhawk helicopters. Leading Edge Aviation is the single fixed-base operator (FBO) onsite; the FBO and Alta Aircraft Maintenance operate maintenance facilities, and the FBO and Utah Helicopter Flight Academy operate flight schools.

History
The Salt Lake City Chamber of Commerce first proposed Municipal Airport No. 2 in late 1940. The airport was to be used chiefly for private fliers, to free the Salt Lake port for army and commercial transport use. On June 6, 1941, local contractor Gibbons & Reed was chosen as the winning bid to grade and pave one runway, and build the fencing and drainage and the clearing and grading began on July 8, 1941.

On April 2, 1942, the city commission gave final approval to a contract for V.L. Chapman to construct an 80 foot x 100 foot hangar, make other improvements, and for operation of a commercial flying business, paying the city a $50 per year ground lease for five years and 2 cents per gallon for all gasoline he sold. The target completion date was July 15, 1942.

On July 25, 1942, fifteen Naval Cadets began training by a private flying school under the civil pilot training program.

Around Thanksgiving 1944, a Kearns Flying Club began using privately owned single-engine Taylorcrafts, Porterfields, and a Fairchild. Men of all ranks from Kearns flew these and instruction went on 7 days a week.

The nearby base was sometimes called Army Air Base Kearns, but it had no runways. The Army never controlled or probably landed at Municipal Airport 2. The nine bomber units that arrived and left Kearns did so by train.

Since World War II
After World War II, the airport continued to be Salt Lake City Municipal Airport II. On 10 February 2009, the Salt Lake City Council voted to change the airport's name to South Valley Regional Airport. The council made the change in order to more clearly describe the location and function of the airport and because the traditional name of "Airport II" had "no historical significance."

title: South Valley Regional Airport


text:
Meckering, Western Australia

Meckering is a town 130 km east of Perth, Western Australia along the Great Eastern Highway. Meckering is located within the Shire of Cunderdin.

A railway line was completed in the area in 1895 and Meckering was selected as a station site. The first name chosen for the townsite was Beebering, the Aboriginal name for the hills just north of the town.

The townsite of Beebering was gazetted in 1895. The name of the town was changed to Meckering in 1897 to agree with the station name and the name for the town that was used locally. Meckering is an Aboriginal word thought to mean "moon on the water" or "good hunting".

In early 1898 the population of the town was 225, 150 males and 75 females.

In 1932 the Wheat Pool of Western Australia announced that the town would have two grain elevators, each fitted with an engine, installed at the railway siding.

The surrounding areas produce wheat and other cereal crops. The town is a receival site for Cooperative Bulk Handling.

Earthquake
The town was struck by an earthquake on Monday 14 October 1968.

The earthquake occurred at 10:58:52 local time, with a moment magnitude of 6.5 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent). Total damage amounted to $2.2 million with 20–28 injured.

Road freight
Meckering is a main stopping point for freight trucks on the way to the eastern states.

Passenger rail service
The MerredinLink service runs between East Perth and Merredin thrice weekly, terminating at Meckering. The Prospector service between East Perth and Kalgoorlie stops at Meckering most days.

title: Meckering, Western Australia


text:
Skin Game

Skin Game is a 1971 American independent comedy western directed by Paul Bogart and Gordon Douglas, and starring James Garner and Lou Gossett. The supporting cast features Susan Clark, Ed Asner, Andrew Duggan, Parley Baer and Royal Dano.

Plot
Quincy Drew (Garner) and Jason O'Rourke (Gossett) travel from town to town in the south of the United States during the slavery era. A flashback in the movie shows both men first meeting when Quincy sells Jason a horse that turns out to have been stolen from the local sheriff. They meet again in jail after pulling various con jobs and develop a con together in which Quincy claims to be a down-on-his-luck enslaver who is selling the only person he still enslaves, Jason. Quincy gets the bidding rolling, selling Jason, and the two later meet to split the profit. Jason was born a free man in New Jersey and is well-educated. The con is complicated by Jason being sold to a slave trader who is very savvy and intent on taking him down south to make a profit.

Cast

 * James Garner as Quincy Drew / Captain Nathaniel Mountjoy
 * Lou Gossett as Jason O'Rourke
 * Susan Clark as Ginger / Miss Abigail Blodgett
 * Brenda Sykes as Naomi, Slave
 * Edward Asner as Plunkett (runaway slave hunter)
 * Andrew Duggan as Howard Calloway, Plantation Owner
 * Henry Jones as Sam Cutler, Slave Buyer In Fair Shake
 * Neva Patterson as Mrs. Claggart
 * Parley Baer as Mr. Claggart
 * George Tyne as Henry P. Bonner, Man Who Bought Jason In Dirty Shame
 * Royal Dano as John Brown, Abolitionist
 * Pat O'Malley as William, Slave Buyer In Fair Shake
 * Jason Wingreen as 2nd Speaker
 * Joel Fluellen as Uncle Abram, Head Slave At Calloway Manor
 * Napoleon Whiting as Ned, Calloway Cook
 * Juanita Moore as Viney, Calloway Slave
 * Robert Foulk as Sheriff

Production
In January 1966, Harry Keller, a producer at Universal, announced he was developing the project based on a story by Richard Alan Simmons.

In March 1968, Peter Stone signed on to write the script. In October 1968, Universal announced the film for the following year.

In April 1969, Universal put the film on its slate for the following year. Keller would produce with Peter Stone, who wrote the script.

The film did not go ahead. By September 1970, Keller announced the film would be made by James Garner's Cherokee Productions, released through Warner Bros with Burt Kennedy to direct. By December, Kennedy had dropped out and was replaced by Paul Bogart.

In January 1971, Lou Gosset signed to co-star.

In March, Bogart fell ill with hepatitis, and Gordon Douglas took over directing for a period of filming.

Stone later claimed Garner radically changed the film's last third to give him more screen time. These changes annoyed Stone, who used a pseudonym on the film.

Garner called it "a funny movie if you don't mind jokes about slavery. Paul Bogart did a masterly job."

Sequel
A sequel was made three years later as a television film called Sidekicks, with Larry Hagman playing Garner's role and Gossett reprising his part.

title: Skin Game


text:
Wikipedia talk:Reference desk/Archives/Computing/Early/ParseMediaWikiDump

CPAN
Rather than posting the code here and trying to protect it, I suggest you submit it to CPAN. Jdavidb 04:48, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

newer module
CPAN claims that Parse::MediaWikiDump was replaced by MediaWiki::Dumpfile. Anša (talk) 16:00, 1 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Any updates? Helder 17:40, 16 December 2011 (UTC)


text:
James Xie Shiguang

James Xie Shiguang (May 7, 1917 – August 25, 2005) was a bishop of the People's Republic of China's Underground Roman Catholic Church.

Career
Xie was ordained to the priesthood on May 3, 1949, and he became a bishop on January 25, 1984.

Arrests
Xie was arrested multiple times in China. The first arrest was in 1955, when he refused to enter the Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association. He was arrested again for the same reason in 1958, but he was sentenced to 15 years imprisonment. He was then arrested in 1984, released in 1987, and was arrested yet again in 1990 until he was once again released in 1992.

In 1999, Xie was invited by Chinese government officials "for a chat" that lasted for two months. The location of the meeting is unknown. After the meeting, he was freed but was under surveillance for the rest of his life.

Death
Xie died from leukemia on August 25, 2005, at the age of 88.

Legacy
A street has been named after him in 2021 in Budapest.

title: James Xie Shiguang


text:
User:Dkaplowitz

David Aaron Kaplowitz, AKA Klaus Koodn Kararatzacz, from Iselin New Jersey. Lived in Los Angeles between 1987-1995. Lived in Amsterdam The Netherlands between 1995-1998. Living in the Philly area from 1998-Present.

Studied guitar at GIT in Hollywood in 1987-88 while aspiring to be a stunt guitarist for Frank Zappa. The '88 tour's dispersal pretty much ruined that possibility. Played in a band called "Painting Over Picasso" in Amsterdam for a couple years until the band's dissolution. Study and play guitar, bass, keys/piano as a hobby now. Working as a Unix sysadmin/web admin for a university in the Philly area, playing guitar as a hobby.

I don't know if it's from too many years as a Zappa fan or if it's a genetic predisposition, but I'm fascinated by exotic rhythms, meter, polyrhythms, etc. I've been trying to contribute as much as possible to List of works in irregular time signatures, but some anonymous teenager has been adding spurious entries en masse and retaliating at attempts at correction by deleting huge chunks of what was there...all with no discussion.

title: User:Dkaplowitz


text:
James Johnson (Manitoba politician)

James Johnson (November 18, 1855 – February 6, 1929 ) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1897 to 1915, as a member of the Conservative Party. Johnson was a cabinet minister in the government of Hugh John Macdonald, and was named speaker of the assembly in 1904.

Johnson was born in Mitchell, Canada West (now Ontario), the son of John Johnson, and was educated in that community. He worked as a farmer, and served as president of the Boissevain Land Company. Johnson was a reeve and councillor in Morton, and served as mayor of Boissevain. In religion, he was a member of the Church of England. In 1879, he married Susannah Oliver.

Johnson was first elected to the Manitoba legislature in a by-election held on November 27, 1897 in the constituency of Turtle Mountain following the death of John Hettle. Running as an independent Conservative, he defeated his Liberal opponent by 150 votes. He was re-elected as an independent Conservative in the 1899 provincial election, defeating Liberal J.S. Reikie by an increased margin.

The Conservatives won a majority government in this election, and Johnson was appointed to cabinet on January 10, 1900 as a minister without portfolio in Hugh John Macdonald's government. He was dropped from cabinet on October 29, 1900, when Rodmond Roblin replaced Macdonald as premier.

Johnson was re-elected as an official Conservative candidate in the 1903 provincial election, and was chosen as speaker of the assembly on January 7, 1904. He held this position for the next eleven years, until his departure from the legislature in 1915. He was re-elected without difficulty in the elections of 1907 and 1910, and defeated Liberal challenger George William McDonald by sixty-two votes in the 1914 election.

The Conservative administration of Rodmond Roblin was forced to resign from office in 1915, amid a serious corruption scandal. A new general election was called, which the Liberals won in a landslide. Johnson lost to George McDonald by thirty-six votes, in a rematch from the previous year. He died in Boissevain in 1929.

title: James Johnson (Manitoba politician)


text: Category:Films directed by Billy Wilder

title: Category:Films directed by Billy Wilder


text: Category:Cat behavior

title: Category:Cat behavior


text:
Talk:Mithos Yggdrasill

Crucial spoilers
This entire article is a massive ToS spoiler. I don't think a mere spoiler warning is enough. Seeing "Mithos" and "Yggdrasill" is enough of a spoiler.
 * I'm with that. I'm not sure how you do it, though-- split it into two articles, one for Mithos and one for Yggdrasill?64.106.91.120 17:03, 20 January 2007 (UTC)
 * I don't think that splitting this article in two is a good idea. Mithos and Yggdrasill are the same person, and two articles about him would be full of repetitive information and may be confusing for the reader. The spoiler tag is at the very top of the page, posted quite clearly for all to see. This should be enough, and, should a reader choose to read on without having finished the game, they do so at their own discretion. Patrician Vetinari 23:18, 20 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Mithos as Yggdrasill and Mithos as Mithos do form two extremely distinct personalities-- I'm not sure how to do it, but having an entry on him titled with the full name does spoil the part of the game where his full name is revealed. I don't have a solution that isn't confusing, but a spoiler warning at the top of the page isn't enough. (Oh, and that previous comment was me-- I keep forgetting to log in)IMFromKathlene 03:10, 22 January 2007 (UTC)
 * "The spoiler tag is at the very top of the page, posted quite clearly for all to see."
 * Yes, but the tittle itself is a spoiler, if someone who haven't played through the game searches for Mithos he gets the spoiler from the topic title. 213.67.210.63 18:17, 1 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Is there some kind of rule making it so the articule MUST be titled his full name? Can't it just be called "Mithos"?Cyllya 07:54, 3 February 2007 (UTC)

More Mithos
It should be noted on the spells list that he also uses the spell Absolute. Also, it would be great if you added a picture of his adult form and his final form. And it could be said that he is a lot like Hitler because the Desian human ranches are similar to Concentration and death camps. His ideals are similar to communism. This is one of my favorite villains of all time so make him look good.
 * I enjoy who Mithos is too, but saying that he looks like Hitler and that the Desian human ranches are similar to Death Camps seem to be making too many connections that probably don't really exist. But otherwise, I would agree to that making this article better would be a good idea. Would more quotes by Mithos/Yggdrasill be helpful? Q E11even 03:55, 16 March 2007 (UTC)
 * I don't think we really need to put more Mithos quotes on the page. He has several quotes listed on the TOS Wikiquote page, a page to which there is a link near the bottom of the Mithos article. Patrician Vetinari 15:20, 16 March 2007 (UTC)

Racism
Mithos Yggdrasill is not a fictional racist. He wanted to convert everyone to lifeless beings, not all into half-elves. He generally just wants to rid the world of all races by wiping out half of the life on in Aselia, where he just uses humans to accomplish this because they are plentiful whereas other races are scarce.--Kafeithekeaton 19:13, 23 June 2006 (UTC)
 * He still hates humans and elves, that making him racist. 213.67.210.63 18:18, 1 February 2007 (UTC)

 * He's racist in the same way Genis is racist: He has nothing against individuals of any particular race but hates human and elven society as a whole. It's unfortunate that we have to lump him under the same term we use to describe people like the mayor of Iselia or even Zelos, but I don't think the English language has a better, so calling him racist is technically right. It does lead to confusion though; some people have wondered how he could be friends with Kratos or Lloyd if he's racist.Cyllya 07:53, 3 February 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Mithos Yggdrasill


text:
List of lakes of Rwanda

The main lakes within, or bordered by, Rwanda are as follows:

Lakes

 * Lake Kivu, between Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of Congo to the west, is by far the largest
 * Lake Muhazi, about twenty kilometres east of Kigali: a long, narrow lake running roughly east–west and extending north and south into a number of tributary valleys
 * Lake Ihema, in the Akagera National Park in the far east of the country, by the border with Tanzania
 * Lake Rweru in the south-east, which is shared with Burundi
 * Lake Burera, a mountain lake in the north (1862 metres above sea level)
 * Lake Ruhondo, just to the south of Lake Burera, separated from it by a spine of hills
 * Lake Mugesera, about 30 km south-east of Kigali, is a narrow lake consisting of five east–west bays joined at the western side
 * Lake Cohoha South, south of Kigali on the border with Burundi

There are a number of smaller, shallow lakes in the flat, swampy region between Lake Mugesera and Lake Rweru.

title: List of lakes of Rwanda


text:
Template:Snopes

Mikkelson, Barbara & David P. [ ""] at Snopes.com: Urban Legends Reference Pages.

title: Template:Snopes


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/G-Unot

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was keep. --Tony Sidaway Talk 08:49, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

G-Unot
Non notable group, organization, whatever. Wikipedia is not a fan blog. This is not an issue of The Source magazine online as it were. Fancruft for idiots.
 * Delete.  Article about a private feud ("movement"?) in the hip-hop community; trifling and insignificant.   Paul Klenk 05:11, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep or merge to an appropriate destination (perhaps The Game). At the least, it is part of a notable hip-hop feud. Christopher Parham (talk) 05:36, 2005 August 28 (UTC)
 * Delete unless notability further established. Radiant_ >|< 08:28, August 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, notability established in the first sentence. If this nomination is a troll, good work, LOL Kappa 11:57, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, Enough said. The possiblity of addressing G-Unit and The Game in a detailed fashion should be accompanied with this article. The person who started this should get some support. Even though its opinion, it's an article. LILVOKA 12:23, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, It is not a private feud, and/ or insignificant. Its something that will make history.Imdaking
 * Just noticed that Imdaking is the author of that article.--inks 22:39, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

Osu8907 03:05, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Barneyboo 22:31, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep does exist, and is well known among the urban community and beyond.
 * Keep well known to hip hop fans, recieves media attention on Urban stations --Tjss at 17:45 p.m. (Seattle time) on 8/29
 * Keep. This was major news here. Everyone was talking about it at my school, a historically black college.  Probably the most notable feud in hip hop in the last five years. --Sketchee 02:01, August 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep: well-known beef between the current hip-hop giants, an event of significance in hip-hop history.
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/G-Unot


text: User talk:70.108.69.79

title: User talk:70.108.69.79


text:
Given

A given is a statement or a condition assumed to be true or known, often to explain or give an example of something; for related topics, see:

 * Presumption (in law)
 * Axiom (in formal logic)
 * Givenness (in discourse)
 * Conditional probability, usually expressed using the term "given"

Given may also refer to:

Places

 * Given, Iran, or Givan, a village in West Azerbaijan, Iran
 * Given, West Virginia, a settlement in the United States

People with the surname

 * Josiah Given, American judge in the Iowa Supreme Court
 * Leslie E. Given, American Justice for the Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia
 * Shay Given (born 1976), Irish footballer
 * Thelma Given (1896–1977), American violinist

Other uses

 * "Given", a song by Seether from Karma and Effect
 * Given (manga), a Japanese boys' love manga series
 * Given Imaging, an Israeli medical technology company
 * Ever Given, the containership Given from the Ever group (aka Evergreen)

title: Given


text:
Mechanicsburg, West Virginia

Mechanicsburg, also known as Mechanicsville, is an unincorporated community in Hampshire County, West Virginia, United States. It is located on the Northwestern Turnpike (U.S. Route 50) west of Romney at Mill Creek Gap (sometimes referred to as Mechanicsburg Gap). Mechanicsburg is the site of "The Burg" (c. 1769), used as a headquarters by both armies during the American Civil War. Along Fox Hollow Road (County Route 50/4) lies the 19th-century Fox's Hollow Baptist Church and the old Mechanicsburg School.

The Fox's Hollow area of Mechanicsburg is currently experiencing major residential development, including Silver Leaf, a community of wooded five and 10 acre lots.

title: Mechanicsburg, West Virginia


text:
User talk:GPugh

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. . Please read Spam. Cheers, SqueakBox 04:58, August 28, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:GPugh


text:
Partial index

In databases, a partial index, also known as filtered index is an index which has some condition applied to it so that it includes a subset of rows in the table.

This allows the index to remain small, even though the table may be rather large, and have extreme selectivity.

Suppose you have a transaction table where entries start out with STATUS = 'A' (active), and then may pass through other statuses ('P' for pending, 'W' for "being worked on") before reaching a final status, 'F', at which point it is no longer likely to be processed again.

In PostgreSQL, a useful partial index might be defined as: This index would not bother storing any of the millions of rows that have reached "final" status, 'F', and would allow queries looking for transactions that still "need work" to efficiently search via this index.

Similarly, a partial index can be used to index only those rows where a column is not null, which will be of benefit when the column usually is null. This index would allow the following query to read only the updated tuples: It is not necessary that the condition be the same as the index criterion; Stonebraker's paper below presents a number of examples with indexes similar to the following:

Support
In SQL Server, this type of index is called a filtered index.

Partial indexes have been supported in PostgreSQL since version 7.2, released in February 2002.

SQLite supports partial indexes since version 3.8.0.

MongoDB supports partial indexes since version 3.2.

title: Partial index


text:
Provo Municipal Airport

Provo Airport, formerly Provo Municipal Airport, is a public-use airport on east shore of Utah Lake on the southwestern edge of Provo, in Utah County, Utah, United States. It is a small regional airport with domestic flights mainly to destinations in the western United States.

Overview
In June 2011, Frontier Airlines began daily flights to Denver. Salt Lake City International Airport (about 40 mi north) is the closest airport with numerous flights. (SkyWest Airlines flew to Provo in 1974–1975.)

Frontier's flights to Denver ended in January 2013. Allegiant Air began flights to Phoenix/Mesa in February 2013; in March 2013, the airline announced twice-weekly flights to Oakland International Airport beginning June 7. On July 4, 2013, it was announced that Allegiant Air would begin flying to Los Angeles International Airport beginning September 26, 2013. In June 2016, Allegiant Air announced it would begin flying to San Diego International Airport beginning September 28, 2016. Service to Oakland and San Diego was suspended in 2018. Service to Tucson International Airport began on Nov 16, 2018. In August 2020, Allegiant Air announced it would begin flying to Denver International Airport beginning November 19, 2020. Later that year, it announced flights from Provo to Orange County, California, would begin in February 2021. In May 2021, Allegiant Air announced that it would add service to St. Pete-Clearwater International Airport in Florida and Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport as additional destinations from Provo, with flights beginning in October 2021.

Utah based Breeze Airways added 5 routes from Provo in 2022, including 3 nonstop routes to San Francisco International Airport, Las Vegas Airport, and Los Angeles International Airport.

American Airlines, through regional brand American Eagle, plans to introduce service to Dallas/Fort Worth and Phoenix in October 2024, competing with Breeze's and Allegiant's existing flights.

History
The airport's Air Traffic Control Tower opened in 2005; previously, the airport was uncontrolled. When the control tower opened, the nearby airspace became Class D airspace over a radius of 4 nmi around the airport and up to 7000 ft MSL (2500 feet AGL), with a circular cutout in the southern portion surrounding nearby Spanish Fork Municipal Airport Woodhouse Field, which is not Class D.

In anticipation of airline service, a new terminal area was built in early 2011 to house Transportation Security Administration equipment for passenger screening. As of August 2012, a millimeter-wave full-body scanner is in use. In November 2019, the airport broke ground on a new $40 million terminal. The new terminal would have four gates initially, with future expansion to ten gates in total. The terminal was completed in May 2022, with a full shift to the new terminal and gates planned for a later date.

In 2022, the Allegiant Travel Company announced plans to invest $95 million to expand their presence in Provo and establish a four-aircraft base at the Provo Airport. Additionally, Utah based Breeze Airways announced they would create the airline's Utah operating base at the airport with four airplanes, and five new routes.

In 2020 Duncan Aviation, the US largest general aviation maintenance MRO finished a 328,000 sq/ft maintenance facility on the north end of the field.

Facilities
Provo Municipal Airport covers 869 acre and has two runways:<ref name=FAA

 * 13/31: 8603 x, asphalt
 * 18/36: 6628 x, asphalt

General aviation
General aviation (GA) also contributes to the overall operations of the Provo airport. There are two fixed base operators (FBO), Duncan Aviation and Signature Flight Support, on the field. Utah Valley University operates a flight school, as well as its Fire and Rescue program. Numerous privately owned aircraft and hangars are also based on the Provo airport property.

Accidents and incidents
There have been a total of 22 accidents and incidents in and around the Provo Airport since 1984.

 * On November 21, 1995, a Cessna 152 impacted terrain east of Provo five minutes after departing the Provo Municipal Airport. The sole pilot on board was fatally injured. Witnesses reported that the aircraft did not make any sudden movements to avoid the terrain or make any unusual engine noises. It was later found the pilot was terrified of serving jail time after being convicted in a pyramid scheme court case and that he was building a new identity after becoming estranged from his father. The NTSB ruled the probable cause of the accident was pilot suicide.
 * On July 16, 2001, a Diamond DA-20 collided with terrain following a loss of control during an aborted landing at Provo Municipal Airport. The sole student pilot on board was not injured. The probable cause was found to be an inadvertent stall induced by the pilot during the go-around attempt.
 * On April 17, 2003, a Cessna 310 crashed while inbound to Provo. The three people on board were declared dead at the scene. Wreckage signified the aircraft nosedived into the ground instead of skidding first.
 * On October 21, 2009, a Utah Valley University student was killed when the engine on his single-engine aircraft failed. The student was returning from Spanish Fork Municipal Airport Woodhouse Field when the accident occurred. The aircraft came to rest 500 feet short of the runway.
 * On March 28, 2013, a Diamond DA-20 crashed after its wing impacted the ground on a hard landing attempt. The student pilot on board escaped uninjured.
 * On August 16, 2019, a light sport aircraft's front nose gear collapsed on landing at Provo. Nobody on board was injured, and no runway damage was reported.
 * On January 31, 2022, a Piper PA-44 Seminole operated by the Utah Valley University School of Aviation Sciences suffered a landing gear collapse while performing a touch-and-go. The plane reportedly touched down safely, but the gear collapsed before the aircraft was able to lift off again. Neither person on board was injured.
 * On January 2, 2023, an Embraer Phenom 300 crashed shortly after takeoff. As of January 3, 2023, the cause of the accident is under investigation. The pilot was fatally injured, and one passenger was critically injured. The other two passengers received minor injuries. The airport was closed until January 4 due to the investigation.

title: Provo Municipal Airport


text:
Thanks

Thanks may refer to:

 * Thank you, a common expression of gratitude

Film and television

 * Thanks (film), a 2011 American film
 * Thanks (TV series), a 1999 American sitcom

Albums

 * Thanks, by Ivan Neville, 1994
 * Thanks, by Marty Grosz, 1997
 * Thanks, by w-inds., 2006

Songs

 * "Thanks" (song), by Bill Anderson, 1975
 * "Thanks!", by GAM, 2006
 * "Thanks", by J. Vincent Edwards, 1969
 * "Thanks", by the James Gang from James Gang Rides Again, 1970
 * "Thanks", by Judith Allen and by Bing Crosby from the Too Much Harmony soundtrack, 1933
 * "Thanks", by Waylon Jennings from Ladies Love Outlaws, 1972

title: Thanks


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Prison Break

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was KEEP. -Splash 01:51, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

Prison Break
Wikipedia is not a predictor of future events nor it is a volume of Tv Guide. This show cannot be notable for it doesn't exist yet. Give it a few years to achieve some prominence then post it. Non encyclopedic, Fancruft.
 * Keep. The show exists, and is premiering this coming Monday.  Wikipedia has entries on many current TV shows, prominent and otherwise, as well as bands, movies, books, etc. which may not have achieved classic status yet.  No reason to pick on this one.Bjones
 * Keep. Prime-time major network shows are notable.  Thatdog 05:08, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, and it's getting harder to assume good faith. You really should be more subtle in your satire, nominator. Nandesuka 05:17, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, reluctantly; but if individual episodes start appearing one day with their own articles, I will vote to merge or delete them.   Paul Klenk 05:19, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, per Thatdog; I would have understood a VfD of the original version, created by a suspected sockpuppet of Maoririder, but the rewritten version is good. CanadianCaesar 05:43, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. The basic outline of an extensively advertised TV show on a major network is not fancruft.-LtNOWIS 06:39, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. It is quite notable, and this nomination seems a bit trollish Ryan Norton T 15:36, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, per announcement, right?.. Renominate if the series is cancelled before it premieres tomorrow, eh? --Mysidia (talk) 16:12, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Very notable. Amren (talk) 22:39, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, in fact, you can see the first 4 minutes of the show on Yahoo! TV. Is that enough proof that the show exists?   ral  315  17:33, August 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. It's starting tonight and its part of Fox's lineup and we shouldn't delete it. Heymypeeps
 * Keep. The show has appeared in major newspapers nationwide (and in other countries where it airs, ie Canada), the show is directed by a major Hollywood director (Rush Hour, X-Men 3), and shows exist long before they air. There is something called production and pre-production.  Know what your talking about before posting vfds or you look a little (?) silly. --Sketchee 01:57, August 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Debut tonight. Real show. --Arbiteroftruth 02:15, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. --Fuzzball! (talk) 03:38, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Wikipedia is a good place for both "serious" articles as well as pop culture. --jchardt 17:42, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I thought it was rather entertaining. Rentastrawberry 00:08, August 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Notable show. Not fancruft. Jacoplane 23:20, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep.Not Fancruft.Imdaking 00:18:17, 2005-09-01 (UTC)
 * Keep. I'm watching it now and it is worthy to be on Wiki. Assuming good faith goes a long way and needs patience.Mrja84 21:57:12, 2005-09-01 (ESDT)
 * Keep.At what point did Wikipedia become an Encyclopedia of prominent events? I thought the idea of having a huge encyclopedia that anyone can add to was to create a compendium of as much knowledge as possible.  Its not like someone made up an entry for a show that isn't real.  This is a real thing and even if it was only on the air for one episode, that's enough.  What difference does it make if there's an entry for a show that you don't think is good enough?  Don't read it.  However, Prison Break is airing as we speak, and therefore can be counted among all the things that have ever occured and ever been created by man.
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Wrentham, Suffolk

Wrentham is a village and civil parish in the East Suffolk district, in the north-east of the English county of Suffolk. It is located about 2 mi from the North Sea coast on the A12 trunk road, about 7 mi south-west of Lowestoft, 4 mi north of Southwold and 6 mi south-east of Beccles.

The village has several shops, two pubs and a village hall. The parish church is located to the west of the village, and near to it is the old circular brick animal pound, used in the 18th and 19th centuries to contain stray animals rounded up in the parish.

History
The Old Town Hall, which was designed in the Gothic Revival style, was completed in 1862. During the winter of 1916–17 the 2/7th (Merionethshire & Montgomeryshire) Battalion of the Royal Welch Fusiliers was based at Wrentham. The 2012 Summer Olympics torch relay passed through the village on 5 July. The village gave its name to a Ham-class inshore minesweepers called HMS Wrentham (M2779) which was launched on 8 February 1955. A hamlet in Alberta, Canada was named Wrentham after the village by the Canadian Pacific Railway.

Governance
An electoral ward in the same name exists. This ward stretches east to the coast and west to Brampton with Stoven. The total population of this ward taken at the 2011 Census was 2,224. Wrentham is in the Suffolk Coastal constituency currently represented by Therese Coffey.

The Church of St Nicholas
The parish church of Wrentham is dedicated to Saint Nicholas. The church is around 1 mi west of the village centre. The tower, porch and south aisle are 15th century but the north aisle is Victorian. The chancel is the oldest part of the church probably built around 13th century and is supported by red-brick flying buttresses. Both the nave and chancel are very wide. The south aisle contains wooden posts on the south wall to support the roof beams. In the north aisle there is a medieval stained glass window depicting St Nicholas, reputed to be one of the oldest pictures in England. The church had a major re-roofing and restoration during 1990–2000.

The tower contains a ring of six bells hung for change ringing. The bells are rung from the ground floor in an anti-clockwise direction. The bells were cast by a range of founders spanning three centuries. The treble (the smallest) and the third were cast by Thomas Gardiner of Sudbury, Suffolk in 1723 and 1714 respectively. The second is the oldest bell in the tower, dating from 1606 and cast by John Clarke. The fourth and fifth were cast in 1906 by Mears & Stainbank and the tenor (the largest) was cast by Llewellins & James of Bristol in 1905. The tower is affiliated to the Suffolk Guild of Ringers.

Notable residents

 * John Phillips (c1576 – >1641), Anglican and Puritan cleric and an eminent divine.
 * Robert Brewster (1599 –1663), landowner of Parliamentarian sympathies, Member of Parliament for Dunwich and Suffolk.
 * Philip Skippon (1641 – 1691), traveller, writer, diarist, landowner and Member of Parliament for Dunwich
 * William Wotton (1666 – 1727), theologian, classical scholar and linguist.
 * William Johnson Fox (1786 – 1864), religious and political orator.
 * James Ewing Ritchie (1820 – 1898), journalist and writer.
 * Anne Dalgarno (1909 – 1980) Australian politician, nurse and community leader and member of Australian Capital Territory Advisory Council.

title: Wrentham, Suffolk


text:
Heritage Fleet

Amtrak's Heritage Fleet consisted of the rolling stock provided to it when it assumed passenger service on commercial railroads. The name was applied to a 1977–1983 program that converted the older, mainly streamlined, cars from steam heating to head-end power. The final Heritage Fleet car was retired in 2019.

History
When Amtrak took over most intercity passenger service in the United States in 1971, the company selected the best equipment from its predecessor railroads. Amtrak selected about 1,190 of the circa 3,000 passenger cars available; all were air-conditioned, and over 90% were stainless steel. None of the initial cars came from Penn Central due to its bankruptcy proceedings, even though it was the source of a substantial proportion of Amtrak's initial trains. Amtrak acquired additional secondhand equipment from various railroads, including Penn Central, during the 1970s.

Amtrak used its secondhand equipment across its national system – often with cars from multiple railroads seen in a single train, creating the "Rainbow Era". This created maintenance difficulties: mechanics from one railroad were not familiar with the equipment from another. Almost all of the secondhand equipment was steam heated; only eight cars from the Keystone and 16 ex-C&NW cars had head-end power (HEP). Amtrak acquired its first large HEP fleet, the Amfleet cars, in 1975–76. The company converted 30 ex-US Army troop kitchen cars to baggage cars with HEP in 1976 to operate with Amfleet cars on the Northeast Corridor.

The unusually harsh winter of 1976–1977 sidelined much of the steam-heated fleet, causing cancellation of most Amtrak service in the Midwest for two months. The HEP-equipped Amfleet corridor cars handled the weather better; some were even pressed into service on long-distance routes. On May 26, 1977, Amtrak began a program to convert steam-heat cars to HEP at Beech Grove Shops. The rebuild cost $250,000–$400,000 per car – one-third the cost of new equipment. Beech Grove was initially to handle all 500 cars selected for HEP conversion, but 175 were overhauled elsewhere to speed the process. In a separate program, the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway handled the conversion of the Hi-Levels in its Topeka, Kansas shops. On October 15, 1979, the was the first Amtrak route to be permanently assigned HEP-equipped Heritage Fleet cars. The followed in March–April 1980, then the  and  in 1981. The conversion of the on March 10, 1982, completed Amtrak's transition to HEP equipment. (Most of the western long-distance trains were converted to new Superliner equipment in 1979–1981.) The final cars from the main HEP program were completed in March 1983. A small number of cars were converted later, including several dome cars in 1984.

The HEP conversion program was intended to wring about ten additional years of service out of the aging cars. Amfleet II coaches began replacing older coaches on the Broadway Limited in 1982 and the Lake Shore Limited in 1983, and Heritage Fleet coaches were gone from the latter by 1990. Viewliner sleeping cars replaced Heritage Fleet sleepers in the 1990s. Nevertheless, some Heritage Fleet cars remained in use into the 21st century. By 2011, 101 ex-steam-heat cars remained active: 67 baggage cars, 20 dining cars, five "Pacific Parlour" Hi-Level lounge cars, one dome car, and eight non-revenue cars.

The Viewliner II cars, delivered from 2014 to 2021, replaced the remaining Heritage Fleet baggage and dining cars were used on the Eastern single-level trains. The final use of the remaining Pacific Parlour cars on the Coast Starlight was on February 4, 2018. The last Heritage Fleet car in Amtrak use was a 1955-built ex-Great Northern Railway full-length dome car, Ocean View, which was manufactured in 1955. Used intermittently, it was retired in 2019 due to its age and maintenance expense.

title: Heritage Fleet


text:
5 cm Pak 38

The 5 cm Pak 38 (L/60) (5 cm Panzerabwehrkanone 38 (L/60)) was a German anti-tank gun of 50 mm calibre. It was developed in 1938 by Rheinmetall-Borsig AG as a successor to the 3.7 cm Pak 36, and was in turn followed by the 7.5 cm Pak 40. The unique curved gun-shield design differed from most WWII anti-tank guns which had either one flat or two angled and one flat gun-shield plates for ease of manufacturing.

Development
After the Spanish Civil War, the German authorities started to think that a new anti-tank gun would be needed, even though the 3.7 cm Pak 36 had proven to be very successful. They asked Rheinmetall-Borsig to produce a new and more capable AT-gun. They first designed the Pak 37 in 1935, but the German authorities did not approve it because of its low capabilities. Rheinmetall-Borsig were forced to create a new gun with a longer - L/60 - barrel which was approved for mass production in 1939 under the designation Pak 38.

Variants
The original tank gun for the Panzer III was the 5 cm KwK 38, which despite being the same 5 cm caliber had a lower muzzle velocity due to the shorter barrel length (L/42 calibers) and smaller cartridge. When a more powerful gun with greater penetration was needed for the Panzer III the longer barrel 5 cm KwK 39 gun (L/60 calibers) was developed as a variant of the 5 cm Pak 38 towed anti-tank gun.

Service

The Pak 38 was first used by the German forces during the Second World War in April 1941. When the Germans faced Soviet tanks in 1941 during Operation Barbarossa starting June 1941, the Pak 38 was one of the few guns capable of penetrating the 45 mm sloped armor of the T-34 medium tank at close range. The gun was also equipped with Panzergranate 40 APCR shots with a hard tungsten carbide core, in an attempt to penetrate the armor of the heavier KV-1 tank.

Although it was replaced by more powerful weapons, it remained a useful weapon and remained in service with the Wehrmacht until the end of the war.

The Pak 38 carriage was also used for the 7.5 cm Pak 97/38 and the 7.5 cm Pak 50 guns.

Romania imported 110 Pak 38s in March 1943. The guns remained in service with the Romanian Armed Forces until 1954, when the 57 mm anti-tank gun M1943 (ZiS-2) replaced them.

title: 5 cm Pak 38


text: Template:DYKbox

title: Template:DYKbox


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User talk:Extension

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, you can post to the help desk or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! ←Humus sapiens←ну? 04:08, 6 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Hi Extension, I noticed you editing a few Australian articles. You might like to visit the Australian Wikipedians' Noticeboard at WP:AWNB. Regards--AYArktos 20:56, 15 September 2005 (UTC)

Welcome
Hiya Extension. I noticed that you're listed as a South Australian Wikipedian. Assuming you're an Adelaidean, you might like to consider participating in WikiProject Adelaide. Help is always needed. I see AYArktos has directed you to AWNB; some other Australian resources you might not know about include, The Australia Wikiportal, Australian Collaboration of the Fortnight, New Australian Articles and Australian stub articles. Again, welcome and happy editing.--Cyberjunkie | Talk 04:51, 21 September 2005 (UTC)

WikiProject A-League
Hi, I noticed you've contributed to pages related to the A-League competition - I started a WikiProject for it, and thought you might be interested in participating. Thanks! AlbinoMonkey (Talk) 05:36, 6 December 2005 (UTC)

Meetup/Adelaide
Hi Extension. There seems to be a bit of a push to get this going. Please tell us how you are feeling about this.Blnguyen | Have your say!!! 05:58, 26 May 2006 (UTC)

Meetup on 24th August 2006
Apologies if you're already aware of this, but the Inaugural Adelaide Meetup will take place on Thursday 24th of August at Brougham Place Uniting Church, thanks to Alex Sims. Please indicate if you will attend or not.

This message left by May the Force be with you! Shr e shth91 ($ |-| ŗ 3 $ |-| ţ |-|) on behalf of [ælfəks], 09:50, 13 August 2006 (UTC)

Meetup on 23rd April 2007
Hi Extension,

Apologies if you're already aware of this, but I'd like to let you know that the second Adelaide Meetup will take place on Monday 23rd of April at ZUMA Caffe, 56 Gouger Street, Adelaide. The meeting is at 7:30am for breakfast with Wikipedia founder Jimbo Wales. Please see Meetup/Adelaide/Meetup 2 for more details and indicate if you might attend.

Thanks,–cj | talk 14:06, 23 March 2007 (UTC) NB: The above message is being delivered to users who are listed at WikiProject Adelaide or in Category:Wikipedians in South Australia with AutoWikiBrowser.

Adelaide Wikimeetup 3
Hi Extension - we're planning a third meetup in Adelaide sometime in the coming weeks, and would love to have you there. If you can, please help decide a location, a date and a time here. Thanks!

Adelaide Wikimeetup 3
Hi Extension - after some planning we've decided to hold the third Adelaide Wikimeetup on Sunday, 17th February, 2008. The meeting will be held at Billy Baxter's in Rundle Mall at 11:30AM. Further details and directions are available on the meetup page. Please RSVP here by 20:00UTC on 15th February 2008 (that's 6AM Saturday for our time zone) so that we can inform the restaurant about numbers. Hope to see you there!

You are receiving this message because you are in Category:Wikipedians in South Australia or are listed at WP:ADEL. If this has been sent in error, please accept our apologies!

On behalf of Riana ⁂, 11:25, 5 February 2008 (UTC)

Fair Use in Australia discussion
As an Australian Wikipedian, your opinion is sought on a proposal to advocate for the introduction of Fair Use into Australian copyright law. The discussion is taking place at the Australian Wikipedians' notice board, please read the proposal and comment there. MediaWiki message delivery MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 11:08, 2 March 2017 (UTC)

This message has been automatically sent to all users in Category:Australian Wikipedians. If you do not wish to receive further messages like this, please either remove your user page from this category, or add yourself to Category:Opted-out of message delivery

Adelaide Meetup 22 – Friday 6 March 2020
WikiProject Adelaide Meetup 22 has been hastily arranged, spread the word!

DATE: Friday 6 March 2020

TIME: 5.00–6.30 pm

VENUE: Cafe Amore, 162-170 Pulteney St, Adelaide

Celebrate the long weekend with a meet-up and discuss what you'd like to see in the world of Wikimedia in 2020. Sign-up and RSVP here.

Sent by MediaWiki message delivery (talk) on behalf of WikiProject Adelaide at 22:16, 5 March 2020 (UTC). You received this message because your user page is in Category:Wikipedians in South Australia. If you do not wish to receive future notifications, please advise Wikipedia talk:Meetup/Adelaide.

title: User talk:Extension


text:
File:Castle Amber X2.jpg

Original uploader information
05:05, 28 August 2005

title: File:Castle Amber X2.jpg


text:
Jeongjo of Joseon

Jeongjo (28 October 1752 – 18 August 1800), personal name Yi San, sometimes called Jeongjo the Great , was the 22nd monarch of the Joseon dynasty of Korea. He was the second son of Crown Prince Sado and Lady Hyegyeong, and succeeded his grandfather, King Yeongjo, in 1776. Today, Jeongjo is remembered for his various efforts to reform and improve the nation.

Early life
He was the son of Crown Prince Sado (who was put to death when Jeongjo was 11 by his father, King Yeongjo) and Lady Hyegyeong (who wrote an autobiography, The Memoirs of Lady Hyegyeong detailing her life as the ill-fated Crown Princess of Korea). His elder brother Crown Prince Uiso died in infancy. His mother Lady Hyegyeong's collection of memoirs serves as a significant source of historical information on the political happenings during the reigns of King Yeongjo (her father-in-law), King Jeongjo (her son), and King Sunjo (her grandson).

In 1762, his father, Crown Prince Sado, was executed (by imprisonment in a rice chest) by King Yeongjo (Crown Prince Sado's father and Prince Yi San's grandfather) after long conflicts and Sado's years of mental illness. Crown Prince Sado opposed the ruling Noron party. He started to hate the parties of Joseon. Eight years later Yi San asked to visit Sado's living quarter but his Grandfather King Yeongjo refused. So he refused to attend Crown Prince Sado's funeral. On 21 February 1764, Yi San became the adoptive son of Crown Prince Hyojang and Princess Consort Hyosun by the order of King Yeongjo. Crown Prince Hyojang was the elder half-brother of his father, Crown Prince Sado. Crown Prince Hyojang though, had died during his childhood. King Yeongjo made Yi San a part of Hyojang's family because he was concerned that Yi San, who was Sado's son and successor, would be opposed. The Noron faction protested Yi San's legitimacy as the royal successor under the claim that Yi San was the 'Son of a prisoner' or 'Son of a madman' and thus ineligible to succeed the throne. This was a major source of vexation for King Yeongjo for an extended period.

After 1762 to 1777, some members of Noron attempted to depose Jeongjo for his relation to Crown Prince Sado and open the path of succession for his half-brothers Prince Eunjeon, Prince Euneon and, Prince Eunshin. His grand uncle Hong In-han and Jeong Hu-gyeom, adopted son of Princess Hwawan, were amongst them.

When he was the Crown Prince, King Jeongjo met Hong Guk-yeong, a controversial politician who first strongly supported Jeongjo's accession and toiled to improve the king's power, but ended up being expelled because of his desire for power. Another helper was Kim Jong-su, despite being a member of Noron.

In 1775, one year before King Yeongjo's death, King Jeongjo was appointed regent. However, King Yeongjo did not give him any military power.

Reign
Before Yeongjo died, Jeongjo had his coronation in Gyeonghuigung on 10 March 1776. After his coronation, Jeongjo chose his spouse. The first thing that Jeongjo said to his officials was that he was the son of Jangjo (temple name of Crown Prince Sado) who was executed by the former king.

Jeongjo tried to empathize with his people. During his second year of reign, a great drought came. During the drought, Jeongjo was nervous just like the people and did a rainmaking ritual for his people. He also was deeply concerned about the continuing outbreaks of measles epidemics, and among other things supplied free public medicines in an attempt curb the death rates.

Concerned about political factions, Jeongjo continued his grandfather's policy of Tangpyeong (political harmony policy) in an attempt to balance political factions. By this, he tried to get rid of the parties which caused his father's death.

From the first day of the reign, Jeongjo spent much of his reign trying to clear his father's name. One of the first things Jeongjo said following his ascension to the throne of Joseon was declaring that he was the son of Crown Prince Sado. He also moved the court to the city of Suwon to be closer to his father's grave. He built Hwaseong Fortress to guard the tomb. It is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Jeongjo was always threatened by some of his officials who were against his reign. He was able to overcome these challenges with the help of Hong Guk-yeong and others.

During his accession, he also issued a royal decree that his mother, Lady Hyegyeong, be a Dowager Queen since his father, her husband, was supposed to be the King before him. Thus, she became the Queen Dowager, the widow of Jangjo. From then on, King Jeongjo experienced many turbulent periods, but overcame them with the aid of Hong Guk-yeong, Kim Chong-su.

In 1776, Hong Sang-beom, Hong Kye-neung and other some member of Noron unsuccessfully attempted to stage a military coup d'état and assassinate him. Jeongjo fought the rebels who were secretly in royal palace and personally arrested his assassins. Jeongjo executed Hong Sang-beom, Hong Kye-neung, and another some member of Norons, and put to death Prince Eunjeon, Hong In-han, and Chung Hu-kyom.

Jeongjo tried to impeach Hong Guk-yeong in an attempt to stop the concentration of political power in single family but the impeachment failed.

In 1785 he established Changyongyeong as the King's royal bodyguards. Jeongjo had started selecting officers by competitive examination since 1782 to recruit them into the Changyongyeong unit, to replace the Naekeunwe (corps of Joseon royal bodyguards created by Taejong of Joseon in 1407), which he no longer trusted.

Renaissance
King Jeongjo led the renaissance of Joseon, but was initially busy continuing the policy of Yeongjo's Tangpyeong ("Magnificent Harmony"; 蕩平, 탕평) policy of political reconciliation between the parties. He tried to control the politics of the whole nation to advance and further national progress.

He made various reforms throughout his reign, notably establishing Kyujanggak, a royal library. The primary purpose of Kyujanggak was to improve the cultural and political stance of Joseon and to recruit gifted officers to help run the nation. Jeongjo also spearheaded bold new social initiatives, including opening government positions to those who were previously barred because of their social status.

He cultivated knowledge of humanities and philosophy (Neo-Confucianism). He was known to be studious and well-read. Among the King's entourage, one that had a great influence and became both a great teacher and father figure for him was Kim Jong-su. Jeongjo also had the support of the many Silhak scholars who favored regal power over the parties, including scholars Jeong Yak-yong, Pak Ji-won, Pak Je-ga and Yu Deuk-gong. His reign also saw the further growth and development of Joseon's popular culture.

Jeongjo favored members of the Soron and Namin party over those of the powerful Noron faction, as a way to establish checks and balances and strengthen royal authority.

He was opposed to new fashions in the composition style of Korean writing and personally taught composition to some intellectuals and bureaucrats called Munchebanjong (문체반정 文體反正 – literary criticism/reform).

In 1791, Jeongjo got a report from Chae Je-gong that the people were having difficulty surviving by selling the fruit of their labor. Jeongjo then established the new law of Shinhae Tonggong (free trade law), which allowed anyone to sell their goods at the market. This abolished the previous law of Gumnanjeonguoun, which reserved this right exclusively to members of merchant groups in the capital.

Death
In his final years, Jeongjo arranged for the marriage of his second son and successor Sunjo of Joseon to Lady Kim of the Andong clan, daughter of Kim Jo-sun, but did not live to see his son's marriage. In 1800, Jeongjo died suddenly under uncertain circumstances at the age of 47, without seeing much of his life's work come to fruition under his son, Sunjo. There are many books regarding the mystery behind his death, and speculation as to the cause of his death continues even today.

He is buried with his wife, Queen Hyoui, at the royal tomb of Geonneung in the city of Hwaseong.

On 7 December 1899, Jeongjo posthumously became Jeongjo Sanghwangjae.

Family
Consort(s) and their respective issue
 * Biological father: King Jangjo of Joseon (13 February 1735 – 12 July 1762)
 * Grandfather: King Yeongjo of Joseon (31 October 1694 – 22 April 1776)
 * Biological grandmother: Royal Noble Consort Yeong of the Jeonui Yi clan (15 August 1696 – 23 August 1764)
 * Adoptive grandmother: Queen Jeongseong of the Daegu Seo clan (12 January 1693 – 3 April 1757)
 * Adoptive father: King Jinjong of Joseon (4 April 1719 – 16 December 1728)
 * Biological mother: Queen Heongyeong of the Pungsan Hong clan (6 August 1735 – 13 January 1816)
 * Grandfather: Hong Bong-han (1713–1778)
 * Grandmother: Lady Yi of the Hansan Yi clan (1713–1755)
 * Adoptive mother: Queen Hyosun of the Pungyang Jo clan (8 January 1716 – 30 December 1751)
 * Queen Hyoui of the Cheongpung Kim clan (5 January 1754 – 10 April 1821)
 * Royal Noble Consort Su of the Bannam Park clan (1 June 1770 – 6 February 1823)
 * Crown Prince Yi Gong (29 July 1790 – 13 December 1834), second son
 * Princess Sukseon (1 March 1793 – 7 June 1836), second daughter
 * Royal Noble Consort Ui of the Changnyeong Seong clan (6 August 1753 – 4 November 1786)
 * Miscarriage (8 December 1780)
 * Miscarriage (July 1781)
 * Yi Sun, Crown Prince Munhyo (13 October 1782 – 6 June 1786), first son
 * First daughter (20 March – 12 May 1784)
 * Unborn child (4 November 1786)
 * Royal Noble Consort Won of the Pungsan Hong clan (27 May 1766 – 7 May 1779)
 * Royal Noble Consort Hwa of the Namwon Yun clan (11 April 1765 – 14 January 1824)

In popular culture

 * Portrayed by Kim Yong-gun in the 1989 MBC TV series 500 Years of Joseon Dynasty: Pa Mun.
 * Portrayed by Jung Jae-gon in the 2001 MBC TV series Hong Guk-yeong.
 * Portrayed by Lee Seo-jin and Park Ji-bin in the 2007 MBC TV series Lee San, Wind of the Palace.
 * Portrayed by Ahn Nae-sang in the 2007 KBS2 TV series Conspiracy in the Court.
 * Portrayed by Kim Sang-joong and Park Gun-woo in the 2007 CGV TV series Eight Days, Assassination Attempts against King Jeongjo.
 * Portrayed by Bae Soo-bin in the 2008 SBS TV series Painter of the Wind.
 * Portrayed by Han Myeong-goo in the 2008 film Portrait of a Beauty.
 * Portrayed by Jo Sung-ha in the 2010 KBS2 TV series Sungkyunkwan Scandal.
 * Portrayed by Hong Jong-hyun in the 2011 SBS TV series Warrior Baek Dong-soo.
 * Portrayed by Hyun Bin and Goo Seung-hyun in the 2014 film The Fatal Encounter.
 * Portrayed by Lee Je-hoon, Kim Woo-suk, and Kim Dan-yool in the 2014 SBS TV series Secret Door.
 * Portrayed by Go Woo-rim in the 2015 KBS2 Drama Special Crimson Moon.
 * Portrayed by So Ji-sub and Lee Hyo-je in the 2015 film The Throne.
 * Portrayed by Lee Jun-ho and Lee Joo-won in the 2021 MBC TV series The Red Sleeve.

title: Jeongjo of Joseon


text:
Ardo

Ardo (or Ardonus, possibly short for Ardabastus; d. 720/721) is attested as the last of all Visigothic kings of Hispania, reigning from 713 or 714 until his death in 720 or 721. The Visigothic Kingdom was already severely reduced in power and area at the time he succeeded Achila II, and his dominions probably did not extend beyond Septimania and present-day Catalonia, due to the Arab conquests of the previous three years.

Ardo is only recorded in one Visigothic regnal list as reigning for seven years. As of 716 the Arabs crossed over the Pyrenees and invaded Narbonensis, the last province under Gothic control. Over the next three years Ardo probably defended what remained of the Visigothic kingdom and he "may have gone down fighting like his predecessor" after the Arabs took Narbonne and before they conquered all that remained of the old kingdom.

If Ardo is to be identified with Ardobastus, then he survived the invasion and negotiated a treaty, wherein he represented Christians as the Count of the Christians of al-Andalus. This title would pass to a number of individuals until the tenth century at least. Other counts included: Rabî’ ibn Theodulph, Abû Sa’îd al-Qûmis, (a descendant of Ardabastus) and Mu’âwiya ibn Lubb.

title: Ardo


text:
Talk:List of Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends episodes

December 4, 2020
Where's Mac's teacher and Mac's mother on the Seasons 5 and 6? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 181.222.83.87 (talk) 19:59, 4 December 2020 (UTC)

 * I believe they were never shown. I know Mac's mom's face was never shown in the show. ElfieWolfie08 (talk) 13:25, 11 April 2023 (UTC)

"Even Though We Used to Be Together" listed at Redirects for discussion
A discussion is taking place to address the redirect Even Though We Used to Be Together. The discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2021 March 4 until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. — Paper Luigi  T • C 03:24, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

Production Dates
Does anybody have theories about when the first five episodes of season 2 were produced?? 2601:203:C281:28F0:A8FB:E502:27EC:DA3F (talk) 21:39, 29 October 2022 (UTC)

 * I believe sometime around 2004 (circa 2004) ElfieWolfie08 (talk) 02:26, 13 April 2023 (UTC)


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User talk:Cuneyelo

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. Jtkiefer T - 05:07, August 28, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Cuneyelo