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Diamonds in the Rough (professional wrestling)

The Diamonds in the Rough was a professional wrestling stable in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling, led by the eponymous Simon Diamond.

History
The Diamonds were formed at TNA Slammiversary on June 19, 2005 when Simon Diamond returned to TNA after a several month absence, introducing Trytan as his "insurance policy". Diamond and Trytan then defeated Apolo and Sonny Siaki in a tag match. The Diamonds next appeared on the July 1 episode of TNA Impact!, where Diamond boasted that, as he had recruited a 7ft "wrecking machine", he had "all of the answers". Diamond and Trytan lost to America's Most Wanted after they were outmaneuvered by the veteran tag team. On July 15 they defeated Apolo and Siaki in a Slammiversary rematch.

Trytan left TNA in July 2005 after he could not agree on a new contract with TNA, and at TNA No Surrender 2005 on July 17, Diamond introduced his new protégé, David Young. Citing Young's ability to "bench press 400 lb", Diamond insisted that Young's two year losing streak was due to a lack of direction and leadership, which Diamond would provide. This is where the name of the stable originated, as Diamond hailed David Young as a "diamond in the rough". Diamond and Young then faced Apolo and Sonny Siaki in a near-rematch from Slammiversary, with Young losing to Apolo following a TKO.

In the main event of the August 5 episode of Impact!, Diamond and Young faced NWA World Heavyweight Champion Raven and Sabu. Young was pinned after receiving a Raven Effect DDT from Raven and a splash from Sabu, while Diamond watched from outside the ring, disgruntled at Young's inability to kick out. The Diamonds faced America's Most Wanted once more on August 12, and defeated them after Team Canada interfered.

At the outset of Sacrifice on August 10, Diamond came to the ring and talked about the career of Elix Skipper, claiming that he had been "a star" as one-third of Triple X, but that he had been "a lost soul" since XXX disbanded. Diamond then promised to make Skipper "a star again". Diamond, Young and Skipper then faced Chris Sabin, Sonjay Dutt and Shark Boy in a six man tag match. The Diamonds lost after Skipper was rolled-up by Sabin, and Diamond berated his team as a result.

Diamond teamed with Mikey Batts on the August 19 episode of Impact!, facing Shocker and Chris Sabin in the first round of the Chris Candido Cup. During the match, commentators Mike Tenay and Don West speculated that Batts was "auditioning" for membership in the Diamonds in the Rough. Diamond and Batts lost the match after Sabin pinned Batts, and he did not join the Diamonds. On the August 26 episode of Impact!, Diamond and Young defeated the regular tag team of Mikey Batts and Jerrelle Clark, with Young pinning Clark following a spinebuster. Later in the program, Diamond accompanied Skipper to ringside, and watched in disappointment as his protégé lost to Apolo. On the September 9 episode of Impact!, Skipper defeated Sonjay Dutt following interference from Young.

At Unbreakable on September 11, the Diamonds lost to the 3 Live Kru in a six man tag team match. The stable was inactive throughout the remainder of September and early October as Diamond toured India to promote the debut of Impact! on ESPN Star Sports, but reconvened on October 23 at TNA Bound for Glory, where they defeated Siaki, Apolo and Shark Boy. On a special two-hour episode of Impact! on November 3, the Diamonds lost to Sabu, Lance Hoyt and Jeff Hardy in a six man tag team match. At Genesis on November 13 they defeated Hoyt and The Naturals, with Skipper pinning Chase Stevens.

On the December 4 episode of Impact!, all three members of the Diamonds were announced as Raven's opponents in a handicap Raven's House of Fun match booked by Director of Authority Larry Zbyszko to encourage Raven to resign from TNA. Despite interference on his behalf by Cassidy Riley, Raven was decisively beaten after the Diamonds drove him through a table and then pinned him.

On a prime time episode of Impact! on December 8, 2005, the Diamonds interrupted a ceremony in which Chicago White Sox catcher A. J. Pierzynski and strength trainer Dale Torborg presented TNA wrestlers A.J. Styles, Chris Sabin and Sonjay Dutt with memorabilia from the 2005 World Series. Diamond, himself a former baseball player, mocked Pierzynski's .256 batting average, telling him that he needed a designated hitter. Diamond then slapped Torborg, leading to a brawl. As a result, Torborg, Sabin and Dutt, with Pierzynski in their corner, faced the Diamonds at TNA Turning Point 2005 on December 11. The Diamonds lost following interference from then-Boston Red Sox outfielder Johnny Damon. In the main event of the December 17 episode of Impact!, Young and Skipper were defeated by Team 3D. At TNA Final Resolution 2006 on January 15 they were defeated by The James Gang.

At TNA Against All Odds 2006 on February 12, 2006, Skipper and Young teamed with Shannon Moore, losing to Lance Hoyt, Cassidy Riley and Shark Boy in a six man tag team match. At TNA Destination X 2006 on March 12, 2006, Skipper and Young defeated Norman Smiley and Shark Boy.

On the March 11, 2006 episode of Impact!, Diamond, providing commentary during an eight man tag team bout featuring Skipper and Young, complained about Pierzynski having been presented with a replica belt by TNA. One week later, Diamond, accompanied by Alex Shelley and his "ShelleyCam", attended the White Sox spring training in order to confront Pierzynski. Pierzynski challenged Diamond to a fight, but he was struck from behind with a chair by manager Ozzie Guillén before he could give his response. On April 23, 2006 at TNA Lockdown 2006, Skipper took part in a six man "Xscape" match that was won by Chris Sabin. On July 16, 2006 at TNA Victory Road 2006, the team returned to action (after a month-long hiatus from TNA) losing to The Naturals in a tag match.

In late February 2007, David Young and "Primetime" Elix Skipper were both released from their TNA Contracts. Simon Diamond remained with the company as a road agent until his release on November 2, 2008. Young went on to revive the Diamonds in the Rough team name in 2010, while teaming with Sigmon on the Midwest independent circuit.

Championships and accomplishments

 * Great Championship Wrestling
 * GCW Tag Team Championship (1 time) – Skipper and Young

 * NWA Wrestle Birmingham
 * NWA Wrestle Birmingham Tag Team Championship (1 time) – Skipper and Young


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User talk:San12ww

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title: User:GrabberBot/Test


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Rheinmetall Rh-120

The Rheinmetall Rh-120 is a 120 mm smoothbore tank gun designed and produced in former West Germany by the Rheinmetall Waffe Munition GmbH company, it was developed in response to Soviet advances in armour technology and development of new armoured threats. Production began in 1974, with the first version of the gun, known as the L/44 as it was 44 calibres long, used on the German Leopard 2 tank and soon produced under license for the American M1A1 Abrams and other tanks. The 120 mm gun has a length of 5.28 m, and the gun system weighs approximately 3317 kg.

By 1990, the L/44 was not considered powerful enough to defeat future Soviet armour, which stimulated an effort by Rheinmetall to develop a better main armament. This first involved a 140 mm tank gun named Neue Panzerkanone 140 ('new tank gun 140'), but later turned into a compromise which led to the development of an advanced 120 mm gun, the L/55, based on the same internal geometry as the L/44 and installed in the same breech and mount. The L/55 is 1.32 m longer, generating increased muzzle velocity for rounds fired through it. As the L/55 retains the same barrel geometry, it can fire the same ammunition as the L/44.

The L/55 gun was retrofitted into German and Dutch Leopard 2s, and chosen as the main gun of the Spanish Leopard 2E and the Greek Leopard 2HEL. It was tested on the British Challenger 2 as a potential replacement for its rifled L30 120 mm cannon.

A variety of ammunition has been developed for use by tanks with guns based on Rheinmetall's original L/44 design. This includes a series of kinetic energy penetrators, such as the American M829 series, and high-explosive anti-tank warheads. Recent ammunition includes a range of anti-personnel rounds and demolition munitions. The LAHAT, developed in Israel, is a gun-launched anti-tank guided missile which has received interest from Germany and other Leopard 2 users. It is designed to defeat both land armour and combat helicopters. The Israelis also introduced a new anti-personnel munition which limits collateral damage by controlling the fragmentation of the projectile.

Background
The development of the 120 mm L/44 gun started in 1965, as the Bundeswehr felt a more powerful gun was needed for its new tanks. The first instance of a larger Soviet tank gun was witnessed on the chassis of a modified T-55 in 1961. In 1965, the Soviet Union's T-62 made its first public appearance, armed with a 115 mm smoothbore tank gun. The Soviet decision to increase the power of its tank's main armament had come when, in the early 1960s, an Iranian tank commander defected over the Soviet border in a brand-new M60 Patton tank, which was armed with the 105 mm M68 gun, the US version of the British Royal Ordnance L7. Despite the introduction of the T-62, in 1969 their T-64 tank was rearmed with a new 125 mm tank gun, while in 1972 Nizhny Tagil began production of the T-72 tank, also armed with the 125 mm gun. At the fighting at Sultan Yakoub, during the 1982 Lebanon War, the Israeli government claimed to have destroyed nine Syrian T-72s with the Merkava main battle tank, armed with an Israeli version of the American M68 105 mm tank gun. Whether true or not, the Soviets test-fired a number of Israeli M111 Hetz armor-piercing discarding sabot rounds at Kubinka, finding the 105 mm round was able to perforate the sloped front section plate but not the turret armour of the T-72 tank. In response, the Soviets developed the T-72M1. This led Israel to opt for a 120 mm tank gun during the development process of the Merkava III main battle tank. This case is similar to the American decision to replace the M68 105 mm tank gun with Rheinmetall's 120 mm gun in 1976; the introduction of the T-64A had raised the question within the armour community of whether the new ammunition for the existing gun calibre could effectively defeat the new Soviet tank.

In 1963, Germany and the United States had already embarked on a joint tank program, known as the MBT-70. The new tank carried a crew of three, with the driver in the turret, an automatic loader for the main gun, a 20 mm autocannon as secondary armament, an active hydropneumatic suspension and spaced armour on the glacis plate and front turret. The new tank concept also had improved armament, a 152 mm missile-launching main gun, designed to fire the MGM-51 Shillelagh anti-tank missile. However, the German Army was interested in a tank gun which could fire conventional ammunition. Although there were attempts to modify the 152 mm tank gun to do so, the process proved extremely difficult, and the Germans began development of the future Rheinmetall 120 mm gun instead.

In 1967, the German ministry of defence decided to re-open a Leopard 1 improvement program, known as the Vergoldeter Leopard ('Gilded Leopard'), later renamed the Keiler ('Wild Boar'). Krauss-Maffei was chosen as the contractor, and two prototypes were developed in 1969 and 1970. This program grew into the Leopard 2; the first prototype of the new tank was delivered in 1972, equipped with a 105 mm smoothbore main gun. Between 1972 and 1975, a total of 17 prototypes were developed. The new 120 mm gun's ten-year development effort ended in 1974. Ten of the seventeen turrets built were equipped with 105 mm smoothbore guns, and the other seven were equipped with larger, 120 mm, guns. Another program aimed to mount the 152 mm missile-gun was also begun in an attempt to save components from the MBT-70, but in 1971 the program was ended for economic reasons. Instead, the Germans opted for Rheinmetall's 120 mm L/44 smoothbore tank gun.

Design features

Rheinmetall's L/44 tank gun has a calibre of 120 mm, a length of 44 calibres (5.28 m), and a chamber volume of 10.2 liters (622.44 in3). The gun's barrel weighs 1190 kg, and on the M1 Abrams the gun mount weighs 3317 kg, while the new barrel (L/55) is 55 calibres long, 1.30 m longer. The bore evacuator and the gun's thermal sleeve, designed to regulate the temperature of the barrel, are made of glass-reinforced plastic, while the barrel has a chrome lining to increase barrel life. Originally the gun had an EFC barrel life of ~1,500 rounds, but with recent advances in propellant technology, the average life has increased even further. The gun's recoil mechanism is composed of two hydraulic retarders and a hydropneumatic assembly.

Rh-120 L/44 120 mm
Production of the German Leopard 2 and the new 120 mm tank gun began in 1979, fulfilling an order for the German Army. The L/44 Extreme Service Condition Pressure (ESCP) is 672 MPa, the Permissible Maximum Pressure (PMP) 710 MPa, and the Design Pressure from 740 MPa. Although the American M1 Abrams was originally armed with the M68A1 105 mm gun (a version of the L7), the United States Army had planned to fit the tank with a larger main gun at a later date, and the tank's turret had been designed to accommodate a larger 120 mm gun. The larger gun was integrated into the M1A1 Abrams, with the first vehicle coming off the production line in 1985 The gun, known as the M256, was based on the L/44 tank gun, although manufactured at Watervliet Arsenal. Tanks armed with versions of Rheinmetall's gun produced under licence include Japan's Type 90 and South Korea's K1A1. The M256 based on the L/44 when firing M829A1 Armor Piercing, Fin Stabilized, Discarding Sabot - Tracer (APFSDS-T) ammunition can attain a Peak Chamber Pressure of 661.9 MPa at 49 °C and 569.85 MPa at 21 °C.

Rh-120 L/55 120mm

The appearance of new Soviet tanks such as the T-80B during the late 1970s and early 1980s led to the development of new technologies and weapons to counter the threat posed to Western armour. The T-80B had increased firepower and new composite ceramic armour. The T-72 also went through a modernization program in an attempt to bring it up to the standards of the T-80B. In 1985 the new T-72B version entered production, with a new laminate armour protection system; its turret armour, designed mainly to defeat anti-tank missiles, surpassed the T-80B's in protection.

The German government began developing the Leopard 3, although this was canceled after the fall of the Soviet Union. On 29 October 1991, the governments of Switzerland, the Netherlands and Germany agreed to cooperate in the development of a modernization program for the Leopard 2. Part of this program included the introduction of a longer 120 mm tank gun, a cheaper alternative to a new tank gun, increasing the maximum range of the gun by an estimated 1500 m. Although the gun is longer, allowing for longer and a higher peak pressure from the propellant, the geometry remains the same, allowing the gun to fire the same ammunition as that fired from the shorter version. The longer barrel allows ammunition to attain higher velocities; for example, with new kinetic energy penetrators ammunition can reach velocities of around 1750 m/s. The new barrel weighs 1347 kg.

The longer tank gun has been retrofitted into the Leopard 2, creating a model known as the Leopard 2A6. The Spanish Leopard 2E, the Greek Leopard 2HEL, and derivatives of the Leopard 2A6, use 55 calibre-long tank guns.

Rh-120 L/55 A1 120mm
The Rh-120-55 A1 is similar to earlier Rh-120 L/55 model. Compared to the L/44 and L/55, the L/55 A1 Extreme Service Condition Pressure (ESCP) is raised from 672 to 700 MPa, the Permissible Maximum Pressure (PMP) from 710 to 735 MPa, and the Design Pressure from 740 to 760 MPa. It is also known as the L/55A1 and entered service in 2018.

Rh-130 L/52 130mm
Russia introduced a new generation of armoured vehicles like the T-14 Armata tank in 2015. In response, Rheinmetall started the development of a larger 130 mm tank gun, financed entirely using internal funding. The first technical demonstrator (TD) was completed in May 2016 and presented at Eurosatory 2016 in June 2016.

The Rh-130 Future Gun System has a chrome-lined smoothbore barrel (initially L/51, revised to L/52 ) with a vertical sliding breech mechanism, increased chamber volume, no muzzle brake, a thermal sleeve, and a muzzle reference system (MRS) enabling it to be boresighted on a more regular basis without the crew needing to leave the platform. Compared to the 2700 kg 120 mm gun, the 130 mm has a 1400 kg barrel and an all-up weight of 3000 kg including the recoil system. Rheinmetall is developing a new generation APFSDS round featuring a semi-combustible cartridge case, new propellant, and new advanced long rod tungsten penetrator, and a high-explosive air-bursting munition (HE ABM) based on the 120 mm DM11 HE ABM in parallel with the gun. The cartridges of 130 x 850 mm are 30 kg and 1.3 m long with the increase of 8% in calibre resulting in 50% more kinetic energy over the 120 mm gun. The chamber volume was increased by 50% compared to the 120 mm gun in the first 130 mm demonstrator gun, but is subject to further refinement. Comparing pressure levels in the 120 mm L/55 A1 gun and in the 130 mm prototype, Extreme Service Condition Pressure climbs from 700 to 800 MPa, Permissible Maximum Pressure from 735 to 850 MPa, and Design Pressure from 760 to 880 MPa.

Engineers believe the weapon can only be used with an automatic loader and new turret design. The gun commenced static firing trials at Rheinmetall's proving ground following Eurosatory, while engineers hoped to receive a new NATO standard by the end of 2016, although development of the gun and ammunition will likely take 8–10 years. The 130 mm is designed to equip the Main Ground Combat System (MGCS), a joint effort between Germany and France to produce a successor to the Leopard 2 and Leclerc, possibly to be launched between 2025 and 2030. In July 2020, Rheinmetall unveiled a testbed tank for the gun in a new turret, mounted on a Challenger 2 hull. In June 2022, Rheinmetall unveiled the Panther KF51 concept tank based on a Leopard 2 chassis and a redesigned turret hosting the new gun. According to Rheinmetall the Rh-130 mm cannon enables a 50% longer kill range compared to their 120 mm cannon with a higher rate of fire due to a fully automated ammunition handling system.

M256
The M256 is an American variant that uses a Rh-120 L44 gun tube and combustible cartridges with an American-designed mount, cradle and recoil mechanism. It is primarily used by the M1 Abrams main battle tank. The M256 differs from the Rh-120 L44 in several aspects:
 * The M256 uses a concentric recoil spring instead of a separate buffer and recuperator hydraulic cylinders.
 * The M256 features a cylinder-shaped cradle which also works as the recoil cylinder and holds the spring inside (the so-called concentric hydrospring recoil mechanism).

Ammunition

A variety of rounds have been developed for Rheinmetall's tank gun. For example, a long line of armour-piercing discarding sabot (APDS) rounds was developed by Rheinmetall. Originally, the Leopard 2 was outfitted with the DM23 kinetic energy penetrator, based on the Israeli 105 mm M111 Hetz which itself was a licensed copy of the American M735 round. The DM23 was eventually replaced by the DM33, which was also adopted by Japan, Italy, Netherlands and Switzerland. The DM33 has a three-part aluminium sabot and a two-part tungsten penetrator, and is said to be able to penetrate 470 mm of steel armour at a range of 2000 m. The DM43 is a further development of this round, codeveloped between Germany and France. The introduction of the longer barrel came together with the introduction of a new kinetic energy penetrator, the DM53. With the projectile including sabot weighing 8.35 kilograms with a 38:1 length to diameter ratio and with a muzzle velocity of 1750 m/s, the DM53 has an effective engagement range of up to 4000 m. A further development, called the DM63, improved upon the round by introducing a new temperature-independent propellant, which allows the propellant to have a constant pattern of expansion between ambient temperatures inside the gun barrel from -47 C to +71 C. The new propellant powders, known as surface-coated double-base (SCDB) propellants, allow the DM63 to be used in many climates with consistent results. The new ammunition has been accepted into service with the Dutch and Swiss, as well as German, armies.

In 1993, South Korea invented self-sharpening process on the tungsten heavy alloy, which the process was only achievable from depleted uranium penetrators, by applying microstructure control and multi-stage heat treatment. Most penetrators in the world receive a single heat treatment, while Korean penetrators are treated 20 times using the new technology, which increases impact toughness by 300%. The self-sharpening effect increases penetration by 8–16% compared to regular penetrators, and compensates 6–10% less penetration from material disadvantage against DU, providing firepower of that of DU ammunition in a DU particle-free environment. South Korea holds related patents on Japan, United Kingdom, United States, and 3 other unspecified nations. The public appearance of the K276 armour-piercing fin-stabilized discarding sabot (APFSDS), the first 120 mm ammunition with self-sharpening penetrator, was during the release ceremony of K1A1 prototype in 1996.

The United States developed its own kinetic energy penetrator (KEP) tank round in the form of an armour-piercing fin-stabilized discarding sabot (APFSDS) round, using a depleted uranium (DU) alloy long-rod penetrator (LRP), designated the M829, followed by improved versions. An immediate improvement, known as the M829A1, was called the "Silver Bullet" after its good combat performance during the Gulf War against Iraqi T-55, T-62 and T-72 tanks. The M829 series centres around the depleted uranium penetrator, designed to penetrate enemy armour through kinetic energy and to shatter inside the turret, doing much damage within the tank. In 1998, the United States military introduced the M829A2, which has an improved depleted uranium penetrator and composite sabot petals. In 2002, production began of the ($10,000 per round) M829A3, using a more efficient propellant (RPD-380 stick), a lighter injection-molded sabot, and a longer (800 mm) and heavier (10 kg / 22 lb) DU penetrator, which is said to be able to defeat the latest versions of Russian Kontakt-5 explosive reactive armour (ERA). This variant is unofficially referred to by Abrams tank crews as the "super sabot". In response to the M829A3, the Russian Army designed the Relikt, the most modern Russian ERA, which is claimed to be twice as effective as the Kontakt-5. A further improved M829A4 round with a segmented penetrator to defeat Relikt has entered a full-rate production in December 2015.

Both Germany and the United States have developed several other rounds. These include the German DM12 multi-purpose anti-tank projectile (MPAT), based on the technology in a high-explosive anti-tank (HEAT) warhead. However, it has been found that the DM12's armour-killing abilities are limited by the lack of blast and fragmentation effects, and that the round is less valuable against lightly armoured targets. The United States also has an MPAT-type projectile, named M830. This was later developed into the M830A1, which allows the M1 Abrams to use the round against helicopters. The M1 Abrams can use the M1028 canister round, which is an anti-personnel-anti-helicopter munition, packed with over 1,000 10 mm tungsten balls. The United States Armed Forces accepted a new demolition round, called the M908 obstacle defeating round, based on the M830A1 MPAT, but with the proximity fuse replaced by a hardened nose cap. The cap allows the round to impact and embed itself in concrete, exploding inside the target and causing more damage.

The Israeli Army introduced a new round known as the laser homing anti-tank (LAHAT) projectile. Using a semi-active laser homing guidance method, the LAHAT can be guided by the tank's crew or by teams on the ground, while the missile's trajectory can be selected to either attack from the top (to defeat enemy armour) or direct attack (to engage enemy helicopters). Furthermore, the missile can be fired by both 105 mm and 120 mm tank guns. The LAHAT has been offered as an option for the Leopard 2, and has been marketed by both Israel Military Industries and Rheinmetall to Leopard 2 users. Israeli Merkavas make use of a round known as the APAM, which is an anti-personnel munition designed to release fragmentation at controlled intervals to limit the extent of damage. Fragments are shaped to have enough kinetic energy to penetrate body armour. Poland has introduced a series of projectiles for Rheinmetall's tank gun, including an armour-piercing penetrator target practice round (APFSDS-T-TP), a high-explosive round, and a high-explosive target practice (HE-TP) projectile. The ammunition is manufactured by Zakłady Produkcji Specjalnej Sp. z o.o.

In early 2013 Rheinmetall announced two new rounds suitable for the L44 and the L55 guns, the DM11 HE round, designed for lightly armoured targets, field fortifications and targets behind cover and a lower cost alternative to the DM11, the HE SQ Rh31.

Operators
Due to tank sales, Rheinmetall's L/44 tank gun has been manufactured for other nations. For example, the Leopard 2 armed with the 44 calibre long gun, has been sold to the Netherlands, Switzerland, Sweden, Spain, Austria, Denmark, Finland, and other countries. Egypt had manufactured 700–800 M1A1 Abrams by 2005, and in 2008 requested permission to build another 125 tanks; their M256 main guns (the US version of the L/44) were manufactured by the Watervliet Arsenal. The M1A1 has also been exported to Australia, while the M1A2 Abrams has been exported to Saudi Arabia and Kuwait. The American license-built M256 has also been offered by General Dynamics Land Systems as part of the M60-2000 main battle tank which would upgrade older M60 Patton tanks to have capabilities of their M1A1 Abrams at a reduced cost, though the company has not yet found a buyer.

The Leopard 2A6 and its longer L/55 main gun have been exported for use by the Canadian Army, and the Netherlands upgraded part of its original fleet of Leopard 2s with the more powerful armament. The British Army has tested Rheinmetall's longer gun, possibly looking to replace the current L30A1 120 mm L/55 rifled main gun on the Challenger 2. Two Challenger 2s were modified to undergo firing trials. Although the South Korean K2 Black Panther is equipped with a CN08 120 mm L/55 main gun and is often misunderstood as a licensed product of the German counterpart due to its similar appearance of the gun barrel, it is indigenously developed by Agency for Defense Development (ADD) and WIA (Now Hyundai WIA), a Korea-based powertrain company affiliated with Hyundai Kia Motors Group.

title: Rheinmetall Rh-120


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User talk:Nito tom

--Celestianpower hab 14:19, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Nito tom


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Arnoldo Mondadori

Arnoldo Mondadori (2 November 1889 – 8 June 1971) was a noted Italian publisher.

Biography
Mondadori was born in Poggio Rusco, Mantua in 1889.

His publishing house Arnoldo Mondadori Editore was founded in 1907 and is today the largest in Italy. After the First World War, Mondadori launched several successful book series including Gialli Mondadori in 1929, the first example of an Italian book series dedicated to detective and crime novels. In 1935, through an agreement with Walt Disney, the publishing house began the publication of a children's magazines based on Disney comics characters, which ran until 1988, when the agreement between Mondadori and the Walt Disney Company ended.

He died in Milan in 1971.

title: Arnoldo Mondadori


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User talk:Wikiant

Cyoob

 * Please do not remove Articles for deletion notices from articles or remove other people's comments in Articles for deletion pages. The notices and comments are needed to establish community consensus about the status of an article, and removing them is considered vandalism. If you oppose the deletion of an article, you may comment at the respective page instead. Thank you.   Danny Lilithborne 22:52, 23 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Please do not remove warnings from your talk page or replace them with offensive content. Removing or maliciously altering warnings from your talk page will not remove them from the page history. If you continue to remove or vandalize warnings from your talk page, you will lose your privilege of editing your talk page. Thanks. Danny Lilithborne 00:49, 24 July 2006 (UTC)

Friendly 3RR notice
Please refrain from undoing other people's edits repeatedly, as you are doing in Juris Doctor. If you continue, you may be blocked from editing Wikipedia under the three-revert rule, which states that nobody may revert a single page more than three times in 24 hours. (Note: this also means editing the page to reinsert an old edit. If the effect of your actions is to revert back, it qualifies as a revert.) Thank you. Peyna 20:27, 4 August 2006 (UTC)

J.D. Mediation
Please note that there is a Mediation conversation at Talk:J.D. in regards to WP:MedCab. --Jon Cates 01:05, 27 August 2006 (UTC)

Third party mediator sought

 * I tried, several months ago, to explain why I believe that these graphs are original research. When no agreement was reached I deliberately took time off from the dialogue to calm down and gain perspective.  I then came back and proposed a compromise: that the tag "original research?" be applied to the graphs to raise awareness and encourage further dialogue.  Wikiant undid that edit, and then I undid wikiant's.  realizing that an edit war with perpetual disagreement could easily result, I am taking Wikiant's advice and seeking arbitration.

 * Burkander 20:59, 23 September 2007 (UTC)

Minimum wage edits
Hello. I added the Holly Sklar et al. book into the Minimum wage book because it seemed relevant.

Sklar, Holly; Mykyta, Laryssa; Wefald, Susan, "Raise The Floor: Wages and Policies That Work For All Of Us", 2002, South End Press. ISBN 0-89608-683-6

You took it out as "spam" ? Perhaps I should not have had an external link to the publisher's site which was merely informational. I do think the Sklar book, although not academicially rigorous, is relevant to that article. Best Wishes. -- (Bob) Wikiklrsc (talk) 18:19, 10 December 2007 (UTC)
 * Thanks for your response and well-taken points. --- (Bob) Wikiklrsc (talk) 19:28, 10 December 2007 (UTC)

I have just put the following at Talk:Minimum wage:-

 * Isn't it sufficient that the Kim Swales's page links to his work, with the faxfn site cited there referencing papers submitted to the EC? And how is it "ego-spam", when I went to some trouble not to cite my own work but rather his? This is not the first time I have tried to mention his work on this page, so I am afraid that unless I see a positive reason - not a "looks like" - I am going to have to counter with "repeated removals without a positive reason 'looks like' vandalism". If you want a citation, follow the link to his page and then to his sources and put in one that satisfies you - don't simply delete. To my mind, putting Kim Swales was a sufficient citation; if you want more, go and get it.

 * I see from the other comments here that you have a tendency to use the "ready, fire, aim" approach. May I suggest you check some of these things for yourself, before I start editing again? In a few days I'll put suggested wordings on Talk:Minimum wage so you can sniff the dog's behind before you jump in. P.M.Lawrence 203.221.28.105 (talk) 07:42, 4 May 2008 (UTC)

 * The WP:Verifiability policy states, "All material that is challenged or likely to be challenged needs a reliable, published source." As you are the one adding the Swale's passage, the onus for providing the reference is on you, not me. Wikiant (talk) 14:10, 4 May 2008 (UTC)

 * But how isn't "Kim Swales" a sufficient reference? I will shortly put a suggested wording on Talk:Minimum wage, and invite comments. P.M.Lawrence 203.220.83.29 (talk) 11:00, 5 May 2008 (UTC)

 * "Kim Swales" isn't a reference -- it's the name of the author. A reference cites a reliable printed source. In this case, I'd expect a journal article (journal name, article title, date of publication, etc.) Wikiant (talk) 11:55, 5 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Of course "Kim Swales" isn't a reference, but I didn't write that, I wrote "Kim Swales", giving a link. And why isn't that sufficient, when that's just precisely how many other things in wikipedia get links and references? Would you be happy if the new material linked directly to the same stuff that is linked on the Kim Swales page? If not, why not, and if so, doesn't that just increase the clutter and the difficulty of maintenance when that gets moved around, as everything is sooner or later? P.M.Lawrence 203.220.42.115 (talk) 05:06, 6 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Again, what you provided isn't a reference. A reference (in this case) would like this: "Friedman, M., 1942. The inflationary gap. American Economic Review 32(2), 314-320." The reference lists the journal, article, volume, and page numbers for the research paper that contains the information you are citing in the wikipedia article. Wikiant (talk) 11:46, 6 May 2008 (UTC)

 * I have repeatedly asked what is insufficient about what I put, and you have repeatedly failed and refused to answer that question, instead repeating your insistence on a citation in a particular form and describing the form you insist on. Yet the wikipedia guidelines themselves allow flexibility. Since Kim Swales did not put these things in a journal but in a report to the EC, this appears to be precisely the sort of case where the flexibility is appropriate - your sort of citation does not exist, even though the work is sound and can be consulted (via the link I provided). Since Kim Swales took the trouble to canvass these things while he was working on them, an internet archive exists and is available via his wikipedia page. So, again I ask not what you call a citation but what you find inadequate about what I provided. If you do not answer the question, I shall put a draft on Talk:Minimum wage, and after it evolves move it to Minimum wage. If you alter or delete either of those stages in the sort of unconstructive way you have done before, I shall submit it for arbitration as being tantamount to vandalism, drawing the arbitrator's particular attention to your track record and high handedness in the past in relation to other people's efforts. P.M.Lawrence 203.221.31.124 (talk) 03:01, 7 May 2008 (UTC)

 * The WP:Verifiability policy says, "In general, the most reliable sources are peer-reviewed journals and books published in university presses..." and, "Academic and peer-reviewed publications are highly valued and usually the most reliable sources in areas where they are available, such as history, medicine and science." Kim Swales has authored a number of peer-reviewed articles, but the report to the EC is not one of them. If you want your edit to stick, find where in Swales' peer-reviewed articles his tax policy theory appears and quote that. (Also, please stop duplicating this discussion on my talk page. It is sufficient that the discussion appears on the minimum wage talk page.) Wikiant (talk) 12:52, 7 May 2008 (UTC)

 * It would normally be "sufficient that the discussion appears on the minimum wage talk page". However, that would make your behaviour appear to be an isolated incident. It is necessary to log this here as well so that it will appear alongside descriptions of your similar behaviour on other occasions. That is the only way future editors and arbitrators can see the pattern. I remind you that an EC report is a source. You are giving away the narrowness of your criteria, despite the greater flexibility the standard policy allows. P.M.Lawrence 203.194.51.184 (talk) 02:18, 9 May 2008 (UTC)

 * We appear to be talking past each other as I am hearing you repeat the same argument which I believe I have adequately addressed multiple times. So, let's try a different approach. Let's put aside for the moment the question of whether or not the EC report constitutes a "reliable resource." Give us a link to the specific report that you are citing as support for the Kim Swales work. Wikiant (talk) 12:32, 9 May 2008 (UTC)

This is mainly to log matters here so other users can follow how disagreements with you progress. I shall be requesting arbitration over your deletion of the description of the Kim Swales work, unless we can sort something else out first, particularly since you have also removed my disagreement at Third_opinion, which was different to yours. Suppose the main material went into Kim Swales; what would you feel an adequate entry would be under this subtopic? What I am after is enough coverage that people know about that part of his work just from going there. Something like "See also Kim Swales" wouldn't achieve that. Please, I am asking for assistance, not "don't do it". I also want finality, not a delay long enough to lead me to suppose it was OK, followed by yet another objection. P.M.Lawrence 203.220.53.20 (talk) 00:27, 11 June 2008 (UTC)

 * Putting the material under Kim Swales is appropriate, and I would have no comment one way or the other on what the specific content was. My beef is with the material appearing under Minimum Wage as it appears to represent a minority opinion with respect to the topic of minimum wage. Again, the same material appearing under Kim Swales is fine because it does not represent a minority opinion with respect to Kim Swales. Wikiant (talk) 03:23, 11 June 2008 (UTC)

 * That was where I was headed in the first place, before you deleted what I put under minimum wage the first time around; I just hadn't got around to putting any detail under Kim Swales yet, and you seemed to want everything under minimum wage (you were clear about "don't" but never clarified what you would accept). However, the point remains that this material is indeed an alternative to minimum wage - indeed, it comes much closer to a minimum wage than negative income tax or earned income tax credit do, since it actually aims to deliver a minimum wage - and so a coherent mention does belong under that subtopic and under the similar entries in the related articles. The third opinion is definitely wrong about whether it should be there at all, or else the entire subtopic should never have been there. So, what would you accept? Remember, an encyclopaedia has to help people find stuff, so even if a lot of detail ends up at Kim Swales there has to be some meat at minimum wage and the other places. As for whether it is a "minority opinion" - no, you have misunderstood. There is an opinion that there should be policy carrying out the technique. That is a minority opinion about policy. However, the material describes the technique. The technique is not opinion at all, it describes what the modelling shows what would happen under such and such a tax regime. I am not putting together an article edit saying "this should be done" - opinion - but material describing the research work in this area carried out by Kim Swales. It appears in a submission to to the EC, but that does not stop it being research work. P.M.Lawrence 203.221.30.175 (talk) 02:35, 12 June 2008 (UTC)

 * Whether the technique is a viable alternative to minimum wage is irrelevant. Within the body of minimum wage research, the technique appears to represent a minority viewpoint because the technique is not described anywhere among the thousands of peer-reviewed research articles on the minimum wage. Thus, it is not appropriate for the technique to be referenced on minimum wage but it is appropriate for the technique to be referenced on Kim Swales. Wikiant (talk) 05:02, 12 June 2008 (UTC)

 * Did you notice you were changing the subject? I answered your objection about whether it was an opinion or not, and you switched to objecting that its viability was irrelevant. So it is, although that is not what you objected to just before and I have never for one moment claimed that in support of it going in, let alone just there above (in other words, it is a straw man). What is relevant is that it is an alternative, and that is just precisely what that subtopic is for. Since it is not a minimum wage thing as such, naturally it won't appear among the articles you want it to be in. You might as well insist that an article on physics appear in a chemistry journal. I would certainly not have considered putting it in minimum wage if someone else hadn't already put in a subtopic about alternatives - and something has to go there, or people will never find their way to the material. Quite simply, it will be worse at the job of an encyclopaedia. You didn't address that side of things at all. Again, I ask you to suggest what sort of wording you would accept; I have in mind going back to something like the original, since the detail is now at Kim Swales. P.M.Lawrence 203.94.135.38 (talk) 06:58, 12 June 2008 (UTC)

 * Brainwashing the poor into believing that they are wealthy is also an alternative. The question is: Has the proposed alternative appeared in a peer-reviewed journal. If not, then the alternative (IMO and the third-party negotiator's) represents a minority opinion and does not belong in the minimum wage article. Wikiant (talk) 12:18, 12 June 2008 (UTC)

 * I believe we are again talking past each other again. Of course there is a minority opinion - but about the policy, not the technique. I have no intention of covering anything but the technique, and I am asking you for suggestions about how to do that, i.e. how to put in something that refers to the technique and lets people find the detail - the job of an encyclopaedia. From my reading of the third-party negotiator's comment, he or she was against it being in the article as it was an alternative and/or that using subsidies this way is not mainstream (but conceded being an amateur), and did not object that this material itself was a minority opinion, just that this use of subsidies in general was. But that objection falls, because there is a subtopic about alternatives and because Pigovian subsidies have actually been mainstream since the 1920s (they fell out of fashion with Ronald Coase's work but are now being revived by the likes of the Pigou Club). Furthermore, a peer-reviewed journal article is a sufficient but not a necessary condition for the technique not to be a minority opinion. We can see that it is a matter of fact and not of opinion from two things, that research has been done and - in something like ten years - nothing has come up to rebut let alone refute it. Please make suggestions about how to move forward. P.M.Lawrence 203.221.30.201 (talk) 02:37, 13 June 2008 (UTC)

This discussion belongs on the minimum wage talk page, not here. Please stop posting page-specific comments here, it discourages other interested editors from weighing in. Wikiant (talk) 13:47, 15 June 2008 (UTC)

 * I have stated why it is important to log progress here as well - so that people can see your track record in regard to edits in general, as well as to minimum wage in particular. Furthermore, immediately after I last stated that I was logging things here, you yourself continued the discussion here rather than on the article pages (I mentioned the continuation on those pages precisely so that other editors could find it). If you raise matters here, I will address them here - as I did. P.M.Lawrence 203.194.54.27 (talk) 01:01, 16 June 2008 (UTC)

JD edits
Your removing reference to 博士 in Chinese was a mistake, which you can verify with any dictionary. Zoticogrillo (talk) 21:31, 11 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Please stop leaving article discussion comments on my talk page. Put the comments on the article's discussion page. Wikiant (talk) 21:40, 11 January 2008 (UTC)

Tax incidence on Humanities Refdesk
Hi Wikiant. Just a little nitpick on your (otherwise excellent) response regarding the burden of tax. You said:
 * ...when the government imposes a tax on luxury goods, producers prefer to pay the tax via reduced profits rather than to pass the tax on to consumers via higher prices.

I could be missing something but "prefer" implies they have a choice, doesn't it? I would argue that they don't have a choice because going out of business isn't really an option. Zain Ebrahim (talk) 00:25, 3 June 2008 (UTC)

 * Going out of business is an extreme case, but you have the spirit of the argument right -- the choice isn't much of a choice. Wikiant (talk) 01:45, 3 June 2008 (UTC)

new WP:RDREG userbox
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Juris Doctor RFM
Just a heads up that the Mediation Committee asked me to help out by mediating Requests_for_mediation/Juris_Doctor. I've opened the case here and am asking the parties some initial questions. If you could watchlist that page, it would be helpful in keeping track of things. Regards.  MBisanz  talk 23:11, 23 March 2009 (UTC)

Living Wage article edits
The section that was deleted from the Living wage article was unsourced -- unsourced, that is, except for a pretend "research paper" cranked out by an industry front-group run by a shyster named Richard Berman. If you reinsert the deleted material a second time, it can only be inferred that either a) you yourself are a member of Berman's P.R. agency or are otherwise one of his sponsors, etc.; or b) you have no concept of what constitutes a valid source, and therefore, shouldn't be editing here. J.R. Hercules (talk) 21:21, 14 May 2009 (UTC)

 * Employing Occam's sledge hammer? There is a simpler explanation: (c) the sources are so numerous anyone with a semester's worth of economic training can find one in seconds. I spent a few seconds and found one. The section is reinserted. Wikiant (talk) 23:43, 14 May 2009 (UTC)

J.D. mediation and debate section
Thank you for initiating the mediation, and for your very reasonable participation and concessions concerning the issues raised. I hope you have found my contributions to be reasonable and unoffensive. Please forgive my inability to do so in a timely manner. I look forward to further collaboration. Zoticogrillo (talk) 09:53, 16 June 2009 (UTC)

And now I get to complain in this same section about your labeling of my good-faith (and well supported by both policy and the discussion in the Talk page) of my recent edit as "vandalism." You're welcome to disagree, of course, but I would like an apology for labeling my edit as vandalism. And, of course, I expect further dialog in the Talk page. --ElKevbo (talk) 20:00, 2 December 2009 (UTC)

Minimum wage
Thanks for taking the time to help. DOR (HK) (talk) 03:43, 18 September 2009 (UTC)

Hi, Wikiant, do you have an opinion on removing the "unbalanced" tag from the Minimum wage article? Thanks! Academic38 (talk) 22:56, 10 November 2009 (UTC)

 * I don't have an overwhelming opinion one way or the other, though I admit that I didn't see the need for it in the first place. Wikiant (talk) 22:01, 11 November 2009 (UTC)

vandalism on JD page
The edit you identified as vandalism was a legitimate edit which was discussed in depth on the talk page and which is supported by more than just one or two editors, and you didn't even contribute to the discussion before doing so. Just undo-ing an edit without discussion is objectionable; your actions are clearly outside the wiki policies for editing behavior. And you are VERY knowledgeable of wiki policies. Therefore, I assume that it was merely an oversight on your part. I "undid" your "undo" because you misidentified the edit as vandalism, and did not intend to start an editing war. However, if your edits have little support among contributors on the talk page, you should seriously consider your blocking of other editor's participation in improving/forming the JD article. Zoticogrillo (talk) 03:33, 3 December 2009 (UTC)

Comment on Minimum wage talk?
Hi, Wikiant, could you comment on the minimum wage talk page? The issue at hand is whether it is valid to broadly classify external links as "supporting" or "opposed" to the minimum wage. We can then move to your point about what the appropriate balance is. Thanks. Academic38 (talk) 02:49, 21 June 2010 (UTC)

removing content from JD article
I'm sorry I removed content from the JD article re Council Statements. I honestly thought that it was part of the footnotes (hence the editing explanation: "commentary not go in footnotes. there are other formats, but I no time for research of wiki policies"). The article isn't important enough for me to ditch my integrity, so I hope that you will give me the benefit of the doubt and contact me in private first if we have another such misunderstanding. I will do the same for you. Zoticogrillo (talk) 23:36, 24 August 2010 (UTC)

 * Fair enough, and thanks for writing. Wikiant (talk) 20:18, 25 August 2010 (UTC)

Medicare (United States)
I reverted your edit because it is opinion to say "As an example of the problem..." This presupposes that there is a problem. As you see from the research which is being quoted from (the numbers are here), older people retiring will not have paid as much in to Medicare as people who will retire in the future, and the medical costs of the future generation will be higher than that of the past generation. This is not accidental, it is the very design of the system that makes it so. This is partly because of inflation and partly because Medicare was intended to provide benefits for the older generation paid for by the current generation of taxpayers. When social security and Medicare were created there was no safety net income or medical insurance for older people. Seniors are no longer working but they can clock up big medical expenses. So the younger generation in years past decided to provide for their parents and grandparents and pay for it in taxes from earnings during their lifetime. As each successive generation comes along they help to pay the health care and income security costs for the previous generation. When Medicare and Social secuity started, benefits started to be paid out very soon after. Nobody then said "My God, the Medicare trust fund is empty and there are will be huge expenses to care for the future generation that will fall on the younger generation"! That IS THE VERY ESSENCE of Social security and Medicare!!!Hauskalainen (talk) 13:15, 31 January 2011 (UTC)

Ponzi scheme
Hello, Wikiant! I recently made this change to the Ponzi scheme article, per WP:RS, but was promptly reverted. I would like to know if you would be interested in giving your opinion. Thank your very much and kind regards, Tobby72 (talk) 20:15, 11 July 2011 (UTC)

 * There are good arguments against a fractional reserve system, but I don't believe it is correct to call it a Ponzi scheme. A Ponzi scheme has no theoretical limit -- i.e., one can keep the Ponzi going indefinately provided that there are new investors to pay off the old investors. A fractional reserve system has a theoretical limit -- the money supply cannot exceed the monetary base divided by the reserve requirement ratio. Wikiant (talk) 00:11, 13 July 2011 (UTC)

Doctor of Education
FYI: I just filed an SPI for the random new people popping up on the page with short edit histories, all fighting for the same edits. The SPI is here.--Lhakthong (talk) 19:45, 16 October 2011 (UTC)

Your submission at Articles for creation: Antony Davies has been accepted

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ArbCom elections are now open!
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title: User talk:Wikiant


text:
User talk:Armor Nick

--Celestianpower hab 14:20, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

RPG Maker
If you wish to talk about RPG Makers and games, feel free to post here :) (Armor Nick 18:05, 31 December 2005 (UTC))

Image Tagging Image:Kyo-Jarret.png
Thanks for uploading Image:Kyo-Jarret.png. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then there needs to be an argument why we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then it needs to be specified where it was found, i.e., in most cases link to the website where it was taken from, and the terms of use for content from that page.

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If you have uploaded other media, consider checking that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Shyam ( T / C ) 23:08, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:Kyo-Lance.png
Thanks for uploading Image:Kyo-Lance.png. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then there needs to be an argument why we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then it needs to be specified where it was found, i.e., in most cases link to the website where it was taken from, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the media also doesn't have a copyright tag then one should be added. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then the GFDL-self tag can be used to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media qualifies as fair use, consider reading fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other media, consider checking that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Shyam ( T / C ) 23:08, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

January 2010
Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute to the encyclopedia, one or more of the external links you added to the page iPad do not comply with our guidelines for external links and have been removed. Wikipedia is not a collection of links; nor should it be used as a platform for advertising or promotion, and doing so is contrary to the goals of this project. Because Wikipedia uses nofollow tags, external links do not alter search engine rankings. If you feel the link should be added to the article, please discuss it on the article's talk page before reinserting it. Please take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. Thank you. Mushroom (Talk) 07:58, 31 January 2010 (UTC)

title: User talk:Armor Nick


text:
User talk:Iloveserge

--Celestianpower hab 14:20, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Iloveserge


text:
User talk:Naukhel

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! - Hephaestos|§ 14:20, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
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title: User talk:Naukhel


text:
Talk:TMF (UK & Ireland)

Inaccurate Description

 * The Music Factory, TMF for short, is a music video channel in the United Kingdom owned by MTV Networks Europe.

In light of its recent output, shouldn't this be changed to

 * The Music Factory, TMF for short, is a re-broadcaster of inane, third-rate, celebrity-obsessed and downright crap American "documentaries" (retrieved from MTV and VH1's disposal bin for two-year-old programmes) which feature only the most annoying, vacuous, waste-of-oxygen Hollywood gossip columnists that no-one over here has ever heard of. TMF plays music videos for 15 minutes every week, although 12 1/2 minutes of this is taken up by adverts.

Well, something along those lines anyway :-)

Fourohfour 17:28, 10 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Trying to figure out if the person who put this in the article "as is" was vandalising, or actually thought I seriously wanted the article written like that.
 * Although I stand by what I said. :) Fourohfour 13:44, 12 February 2007 (UTC)

nick jr.
Nick Jr. on TMF is sooo pointless!!!!!69.141.79.71 02:52, 7 January 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Tmf logo.gif
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BetacommandBot (talk) 02:49, 12 February 2008 (UTC)

Broadcast Area
Bardcom edited this to United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland. It currently stands as British Isles. Looking at broadcast areas for other radio stations (I've looked at half a dozen in UK and Europe) they are given as countries rather than geographical areas, so maybe Bardcom's suggestion is good here. Comments? CarterBar (talk) 20:53, 15 July 2008 (UTC)

Article Title

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the proposal was Moved. DMacks (talk) 09:46, 30 August 2010 (UTC)

There seems to be an extra parenthesis after Ireland in the Heading. I recommend that the page be moved to TMF (UK & Ireland) Avash Pandit 13:59, 19 April 2010 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Avashnirvana (talk • contribs)
 * I second that one as a punctuation fix. -- 92.18.79.170 (talk) 23:18, 29 August 2010 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

title: Talk:TMF (UK & Ireland)


text:
John Hughes (footballer, born 1943)

John Hughes (3 April 1943 – 1 August 2022) was a Scottish footballer who played for Celtic, Crystal Palace, Sunderland and the Scotland national team. Hughes was nicknamed 'Yogi', derived from the popular cartoon character Yogi Bear, said to be due to his large build. He was part of the Celtic team that won the 1966–67 European Cup although he did not play in the final due to injury.

Club career
Born in Coatbridge, Hughes signed for Celtic from Shotts Bon Accord in 1959, and scored 197 goals in 435 appearances during his eleven seasons with the club.

He was part of the Celtic squad who won the European Cup in 1967 and became known as the 'Lisbon Lions'. Although Hughes was not in the side that won the final, he was awarded a winner's medal because he had played in the requisite number of matches to qualify for a medal, as had Joe McBride and Charlie Gallagher.

Celtic reached the European Cup final for the second time in 1970, after they defeated English champions Leeds United in both legs of the semi-final. In the first leg, Celtic beat Leeds 1–0 at Elland Road with a goal from George Connelly. The second leg, which was played at Hampden Park in front of almost 140,000 people, was won 2–1 by Celtic. Hughes scored Celtic's first goal in that match, after Billy Bremner had given Leeds an early lead and levelled the aggregate score. Celtic lost the final 2–1 after extra time to Dutch side Feyenoord, with Hughes playing the whole game. Despite playing primarily on the wing, Hughes remains one of Celtic's all-time highest goal scorers (8th in all competitions).

Hughes moved to Crystal Palace in 1971, in a £30,000 joint deal with Willie Wallace. He scored the 1971–72 runner-up in the 'Goal of the Season' award, in a 5–1 win over Sheffield United. He joined Sunderland for £35,000 in January 1973, but injury against Millwall F.C. on 27 January 1973 brought a premature end to his career having played only 15 minutes of football for Sunderland.

International career
Hughes earned eight full international caps for the Scotland national team between 1965 and 1969. He made his debut in a goalless draw with Spain at Hampden Park. He also scored four goals in six appearances for the Scottish League XI and took part in the 1969 commemorative game Wales v Rest of the UK in Cardiff.

Post-playing career
After coaching with Baillieston, Hughes was appointed manager of Stranraer in 1975, but he left the role after just one year. In 1978, Hughes became the first international team manager of the Scottish Junior Football Association. He later worked as a publican in Glasgow.

Personal life
Hughes' younger brother Billy was also a professional footballer and played for Sunderland at the same time as John. Billy earned his only Scotland cap five years after John's last international appearance. Another younger brother Pat was also a player.

Hughes had three sons and a daughter with first wife Mary; he was later married a second time to Theresa. In 2014, he confirmed that he had recovered from mouth cancer after a five-year battle with the disease. He released a biography that year.

Hughes died on 1 August 2022, at the age of 79.

title: John Hughes (footballer, born 1943)


text:
User talk:CANMAN

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! - Hephaestos|§ 14:21, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
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title: User talk:CANMAN


text:
Talk:European Constitution

Made a disambiguation
European Constitution originally redirected to Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe and later redirected to Treaties of the European Union. Special:Whatlinkshere/Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe indicates that the latter switch was ill-advised, as almost all inlinks from redirects with "Constitution" in their title intend to refer to the abandoned treaty, not the current collection of treaties. I am making European Constitution a disambiguation page for now; I guess over time more people will use it in the "current" sense rather than the "abandoned" sense. jnestorius(talk) 15:55, 16 September 2011 (UTC)
 * While we're waiting, there's a whole bunch of links that now need to be pointed to the correct article. Can we count on your help? -- Ja Ga  talk 19:54, 16 September 2011 (UTC)
 * No, they were previously pointing at the wrong article; now they're pointing at a dab page, which is less bad. Bots and tools tend to pick up the dab pointers easily. So, you've already had my help. jnestorius(talk) 22:23, 16 September 2011 (UTC)
 * Actually, bots and tools don't "pick them up easily". Editors do the work, and it takes a lot of time. Since you seem to be informed about the subject, you could do the work faster than a random editor at WP:DPL. -- Ja Ga  talk 00:54, 17 September 2011 (UTC)

This dab page is all very well but as far as I can see 100% of the pages that link here refer to the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe which was commonly referred to as the European Constitution, the EU Constitution and so on. As that page already has a hatnote pointing to Treaties of the European Union, this dab page is redundant. That the EU treaties can be described as the constitution of the EU seems somewhat academic. — Blue-Haired Lawyer t 15:22, 17 September 2011 (UTC)
 * Works for me per WP:TWODABS. I've converted it into a redirect to Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe. -- Ja Ga  talk 23:25, 17 September 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:European Constitution


text: Category:St Trinian's films

title: Category:St Trinian's films


text: Template:Infobox venue

title: Template:Infobox venue


text: Template:User fj-1

title: Template:User fj-1


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Smiths Falls station

Smiths Falls railway station in Smiths Falls, Ontario, Canada is served by Via Rail Corridor trains running between Toronto and Ottawa. It is unstaffed, with outdoor parking, telephones and washrooms. Accessible parking, automatic doors and wheelchair access is available to the platform. However, as of June 2020 no wheelchair lift is available for boarding or disembarking trains at the station.

22 surface lot parking spaces are managed by Indigo Parking. A pay meter is located inside the station; hourly, daily and monthly rates are available.

CPR station
The original passenger station building was built by Canadian Pacific Railway in 1887. In 1999 the Smiths Falls Community Theatre began renovations on the station, installing the 140 seat Station Theatre into the old restaurant area. A small waiting area in the building was used by Via Rail until 2010 when the new Via Rail station opened.

CNoR station
As Smiths Falls is a junction between multiple rail lines, it once had multiple active passenger stations. A 1912 Canadian Northern Ontario Railway station on a now-abandoned line (Canadian National embargoed their Smiths Falls Subdivision between Smiths Falls and Strathcona in 1979) is now a National Historic Site which houses the Railway Museum of Eastern Ontario.

New Via Rail station
On March 8, 2010, Via Rail announced plans to build and relocate to a new station located just north of downtown. The new station would have a distinctive tower. The new station would reduce scheduling conflicts between passenger and freight trains as the old station is located in the middle of a junction between two busy Canadian Pacific Railway lines and both the Via Rail's Smiths Falls and Brockville Subdivisions. The new station consists of 400 sqft and was constructed with a budget of $750,000.

Services
Smiths Falls station is served by trains on Via Rail's Toronto-Ottawa route, though some express trains pass through the station without stopping.

As of October 2023 the station is served by four to six trains per day toward Ottawa, and two to four trains per day toward Toronto.

title: Smiths Falls station


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Talk:Murk (band)/Archive 1

I think this page should be moved to Murk. In spite of the bigger chart success of the Funky Green Dogs name, Murk is the more official name of the group, and it's the name Falcon and Gaetan are usually referred to in the press. --Pc13 14:24, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

Well I dont. coming from the UK, have never heard of murk but have heard of funky green dogs

Same, I live in Australia & have only ever heard them go by FGD too.

Here in their hometown of Miami, they perform under their individual names, with Oscar holding down a recently-reestablished residency at Club Space, and Ralph having a weekly party at rival superclub Mansion.

The Murk name is usually reserved for the rare instances that they play together. Funky Green Dogs is generally reserved for productions only, and also for when their vocalist, Tamara, performs on the road solo.

Most people who have heard of Funky Green Dogs has never heard of MURK, but the fact remains that MURK was the begining and they made many classics under that name and Funky Green Dogs came later, after recording under the name Funky Green Dogs From Outer Space. The page should be merged, it doesn't make sense that it isn't.

title: Talk:Murk (band)/Archive 1


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Stereophile

Stereophile is a monthly American audiophile magazine which reviews high-end audio equipment, such as loudspeakers and amplifiers, and audio-related news.

History
Stereophile was founded in 1962 by J. Gordon Holt. With the August 1987 issue, it started monthly publication.

In 1998, Stereophile was acquired by the Petersen Publishing Company. At this point, it was based in Santa Fe, New Mexico. During this period, it was published eight times a year. Petersen, which was acquired by Emap, was then sold to Primedia Inc. in 2001. Primedia sold its Enthusiast Network, a New York–based publisher of special interest magazines, to Source Interlink Media, in 2007.

In March 2018, Stereophile was purchased, along with related magazines and websites, by AVTech Media Ltd. from The Enthusiast Network.

On March 1, 2019, John Atkinson, who had joined the magazine in May 1986, announced that he was stepping down from his position of editor of Stereophile, that he would continue his association with the magazine as Technical Editor, and that Jim Austin, formerly an editor at Science and a freelance contributor to Stereophile, would be taking over as Editor.

Features
Features include its annual "Records to Live For" section, where each editor and writer reviews two outstanding albums of their choice; and the bi-annual "Recommended Components" issue in which audio equipment which has been reviewed in the recent past is classified as "A, B, C or D" level components, with "A" being the most highly recommended.

title: Stereophile


text:
Istora Gelora Bung Karno

Gelora Bung Karno Sports Palace (Istana Olahraga Gelora Bung Karno, abbreviated as Istora), (formerly named Istora Senayan between 1969 and 2001) is an indoor arena located in Gelora Bung Karno Sports Complex, Jakarta, Indonesia. The capacity of the arena after 2018 reopening is 7,166. This arena is usually used for badminton tournaments, especially the BWF tournaments Indonesia Open (1982 - 2024) and Indonesia Masters (since 2018). The first event that held in this arena was the 1961 Thomas Cup.

It was also used during the 1962 Asian Games and was renovated to host the 2018 edition. Its first post-renovation event was the 2018 Indonesia Masters. During the latter Games, it hosted the badminton and later stages of basketball events.

The arena originally was planned to stage the 2023 FIBA Basketball World Cup and becoming the only Indonesian venue in the three-country joint bid but was moved to a newly-built arena inside the complex. It hosted the 2022 FIBA Asia Cup instead.

Development
As an architect and civil engineering graduate, Sukarno proposed a sports center location near M. H. Thamrin Boulevard and Menteng (Karet, Pejompongan, or Dukuh Atas) for the 1962 Asian Games. Then he was accompanied by Friedrich Silaban to review the location of the proposed sports complex by helicopter. Silaban disagreed with the selection of Dukuh Atas because he argued the construction of a sports complex in the center the future downtown area will potentially create a massive traffic congestion. Sukarno agreed Silaban recommendation and instead assigned the project to the Senayan area with an area of approximately 300 hectares.

The sports complex construction began on 8 February 1960, Istora construction finished on 21 May 1961, in time to host the 1961 Thomas Cup that held in June of that year.

During the New Order era, due to the de-Sukarnoization policy by military junta government under Suharto, the complex was renamed to Gelora Senayan Sports Complex and the Istora was also renamed to Istora Senayan in 1969. However, since January 17, 2001, Indonesian president at the time Abdurrahman Wahid reverted the sports complex name to Gelora Bung Karno Sports Complex, including the Istora.

Istora had a U-shaped indoor lobby attached on its front since some time after the 1960s to 2016. The court and tribune were surrounded by multi-functional rooms. Those were demolished during the subsequent renovation. The rooms are incorporated underneath the tribune, leaving no other buildings attached to it.

During the latest renovation, there were already some delft blue single seats installed on the mid-section of west and east tribune along with yellow (4 corners) and green (mid-section of north and south tribune) wooden bleachers. Those were scrapped and replaced by single seats, consist of 3 shades of grey. However, to preserve the memory of the old Istora, there are five rows of seat using new all-brown wooden bleachers, placed near Gate 1.

Other

 * Barbadian singer Rihanna planned to held concerts in Istora as part of her Good Girl Gone Bad Tour, but the concert was cancelled twice, first scheduled for November 14, 2008 due to security concerns as Indonesian government issued travel warning, and second scheduled for February 12, 2009 due to Chris Brown's assault on Rihanna.
 * During 2020, Due to the coronavirus pandemic that hit Indonesia, Khalid, Rex Orange County, Lauv and Stray Kids were forced to cancel the concert which was scheduled to be held at Istora on March 28, May 9, June 27 and August 15 respectively. The concert that were cancelled was a part of Free Spirit World Tour (Khalid), The Pony Tour (Rex Orange County), How I'm Feeling Tour (Lauv) and District 9: Unlock World Tour (Stray Kids).
 * Finnish band Nightwish planned to held concert in this arena as part of their Human. :II: Nature. World Tour on January 17, 2023, but then the concert was cancelled. the reason for cancelation was unknown, possibly due to scheduling conflicts with 2023 Indonesia Masters.
 * English singer-songwriter Morrissey had to cancel his 40 Years of Morrissey tour scheduled for November 22, 2023 due to technical issues.

Notable international sporting events

 * Indonesia Open (1982 - 2024)
 * Indonesia Masters (Since 2018)
 * 1961, 1967, 1973, and 1979 Thomas Cups
 * 1962 and 2018 Asian Games
 * 1975 Uber Cup
 * 1980 and 1989 IBF World Championships
 * 1986, 1994, 2004, and 2008 Thomas & Uber Cups
 * 1989 Sudirman Cup
 * 1992 IBF World Junior Championships
 * 2015 BWF World Championships
 * 2015 World Wushu Championships
 * 2018 Asian Para Games
 * 2022 FIBA Asia Cup

title: Istora Gelora Bung Karno


text: User:Dmn/Toynbee

title: User:Dmn/Toynbee


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Alexander Murray, 1st Baron Murray of Elibank

Alexander William Charles Oliphant Murray, 1st Baron Murray of Elibank (12 April 1870 – 13 September 1920), called The Master of Elibank between 1871 and 1912, was a Scottish nobleman and Liberal politician. He served as Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasury (Chief Government Whip) under H. H. Asquith between 1910 and 1912, when he was forced to resign after being implicated in the Marconi scandal.

Background and education
Elibank was the eldest son of Montolieu Oliphant-Murray, 1st Viscount Elibank, and Blanche Alice, daughter of Edward John Scott. He was educated at Cheltenham.

Political career
Elibank unsuccessfully contested Edinburgh West in May 1895, Peebles and Selkirk in July 1895 and the City of York by-election of 1900. However, in October 1900 he was successfully returned to parliament for Midlothian, a seat he held until 1906 and again from 1910 to 1912. From 1906 to 1910 he represented Peebles and Selkirk.

In the aftermath of the Second Boer War (1899-1902), Elibank travelled to South Africa visiting the Bechuanaland Protectorate, Johannesburg, Pretoria and Delagoa Bay.

When the Liberals came to power in December 1905 under Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman, Elibank was appointed Comptroller of the Household, a post he retained when H. H. Asquith became Prime Minister in April 1908, and then served as Under-Secretary of State for India between 1909 and 1910. The latter year he was made Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasury (Chief Government Whip). In 1911 he was sworn of the Privy Council. However, he was forced to resign in August 1912 after being accused of insider trading in the Marconi scandal. Later the same month he was raised to the peerage as Baron Murray of Elibank, of Elibank in the County of Selkirk.

Apart from his political career Elibank was a partner in S. Pearson and Son Ltd.

Personal life
Lord Murray of Elibank married Hilda Louisa Janey, daughter of Lieutenant-General Sir James Wolfe Murray, in 1894. They had no children. He died in September 1920, aged 50, predeceasing his father by seven years. The barony of Murray of Elibank became extinct on his death while his younger brother Gideon eventually succeeded in the viscountcy of Elibank. Lady Murray of Elibank died in September 1929.


text: User talk:67.141.102.25

title: User talk:67.141.102.25


text: User:Fima R

title: User:Fima R


text: User:Mark Kaplan

title: User:Mark Kaplan


text:
Talk:West Champaran district

Untitled
A request to all the fellow Wikipedians interested in the development of contents of this page: I shall be adding (say, by end-April/ early-May 2006) some more contents to this page. If some one may add a map and picture/s, the page shall become better. Thanks. --Bhadani 12:29, 15 March 2006 (UTC)

West champaran instead of west champaran district
The title should be West champaran instead of west champaran district ?? --Extra999 (Contact me + contribs) 18:00, 22 March 2010 (UTC)

Indigo
We need a citation to support that "Indigo cultivation yielded quick benefits to the British colonizers but frequent cultivation of indigo even for few years ruined the entire subsoil decreasing the possibility of any further cultivation of any kind. Even now, the regions of Indigo cultivation in the past are barren and have only scrub vegetation in stark contrast." RJFJR (talk) 17:22, 4 October 2013 (UTC)

May 2015
While reading through the unsourced part of the "History" section, I found that most of it was copy-pasted from this source:. The source does not make any copyright claims. Consequently, I have tagged it with. Please feel free to remove that tag if you feel you that you have done the needful. The creator of the section has been informed at User_talk:Chandan_Guha. ← scribble ink  ᗧHᗣT 08:17, 20 May 2015 (UTC)
 * Hello and thanks for the tag. Just to clarify: a work is copyrighted as soon as it is committed to "paper" (virtual or otherwise), so we require a positive action be taken to release or license that text before we can use it. The section in question is indeed pulled from there:, so in the absence of a license release, we must actually do just the opposite and assume it is copyrighted, and therefor must be removed.
 * From the history, Chandan Guha simply moved this section from the main article Bettiah in 2012, so no wrongdoing on his part. That content was originally added in 2008 where it was removed and re-added several times over the years. Crow  Caw  22:19, 20 May 2015 (UTC)
 * Thanks for taking care of that. Also, for the explanation so that I know how to handle these types of cases in the future. ← scribble ink  ᗧHᗣT 21:26, 25 May 2015 (UTC)

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title: Talk:West Champaran district


text:
Convoy, County Donegal

Convoy (Irish: Conmhaigh, "plain of hounds") is a village and civil parish in the east of County Donegal, Ireland. The village is located in the Finn Valley district and is part of the Barony of Raphoe South. It is situated on the Burn Dale (also known as the Burn Deele), and is located on the R236 road to Raphoe.

Convoy had a total population of 1,702 according to the 2022 census. Like many other towns in the vicinity, it has its origins in the Plantation of Ulster. Convoy is home to a mixed religious community which is reflected in the schools and churches in the town.

There is a Catholic and a mixed primary school in the town. There is also a Catholic church (popularly known as 'the Chapel'), a Church of Ireland church and a Free Presbyterian Church of Ulster church or 'kirk' (which was opened by the Church's founder, The Rev. Ian Paisley) in the town. There is also a Reformed Presbyterian Church in Ballyboe. There are no secondary schools in Convoy and local children tend to travel to Raphoe or Stranorlar for second-level education.

The Burn Dale (also known in English as the Burn Deele) is a burn (a small river) that flows along the southern edge of Convoy.

Woollen mill
Convoy once had a woollen mill located on the banks of the Burn Dale (also spelt as the Burn Deele), but this closed in the early 1980s with the loss of many local jobs. The woollen mill is now host to a business area that was promoted by the former state development body Foras Áiseanna Saothair (FÁS).

Convoy House
The Montgomery family of Convoy is descended from Alexander Montgomery, Prebendary of Doe, who died about 1658. He was brought over from Scotland by his kinsman, George Montgomery, who became the first Protestant Bishop of Raphoe in 1604. Alexander Montgomery of Croaghan, near Lifford, bought the Convoy estate from the Nesbitt family in 1719. Boyton House was first occupied in November 1807 by the family of Robert Montgomery of Brandrim who had inherited the estate from his cousin, Sandy Montgomery of Convoy. Sandy represented Donegal in Grattan's Parliament for thirty-two years. He spent part of his youth in America and was noted for his duelling. His brothers were John of Lisbon and Richard, a general in Washington's army who fell at the siege of Quebec in 1775. Sandy was a friend of Lord Edward Fitzgerald and a secret supporter of the United Irishmen. He voted against the Act of Union in 1800. Boyton House used to contain the letter which Washington wrote to the family on Richard's death and receipts for meat bought by the hundred-weight in Raphoe by the Montgomery family for free distribution in Convoy during the Famine. The house passed through marriage to the Boyton family in the nineteenth century.

Transport
There are Bus Éireann buses serving Convoy which go to such places as Derry, Letterkenny and Strabane several times a day, excluding Sundays.

Convoy railway station opened on 1 January 1909, and closed on 1 January 1960.

The nearest railway station is operated by NI Railways and runs from Waterside Station in Derry, via Coleraine, to Belfast Lanyon Place railway station and Belfast Grand Central station.

Sport
Convoy near Donegal GAA's "centre of excellence" training facility at Milltown.

Naomh Mhuire Conmhaigh is the local GAA club. Founded in 1928 the players of this Gaelic football club come from the villages of Convoy, Drumkeen and Raphoe with the pitch located in Convoy. The club has won several junior titles.

Convoy has a local amateur soccer team, known as Convoy Arsenal. The club were Donegal Junior League winners in 2003, won the Division One title in 2004, and were runners-up in the premier division in 2005. Convoy Arsenal subsequently joined the Ulster Senior League in 2005. They also field teams in the Donegal Saturday League in several underage grades.

title: Convoy, County Donegal