text:
Jean Bérain the Elder

Jean Berain the Elder (1640 – 24 January 1711) was a draughtsman and designer, painter and engraver of ornament, the artistic force in the Royal office of the Menus-Plaisirs du Roi where all the designs originated for court spectacle, from fêtes to funerals, and many designs for furnishings not covered by the Bâtiments du Roi. The "Berainesque" style of light arabesques and playful grotesques was an essential element in the style Régence that led to the French Rocaille and European Rococo.

Born in Saint-Mihiel, Meuse, in the Austrian Netherlands, he was the son of a master gunsmith, in whose line of work engraving was a prominent technique. He spent his career in Paris. Long after his death the connoisseur Pierre-Jean Mariette wrote of him, "Nothing was done, in whatever genre that it might have been, unless it were in his manner, or where he had given designs for it." Through his engravings and those of his son, his style was highly influential beyond the court and Paris, notably in the Low Countries, Germany and London. His close friendship with Nicodemus Tessin the Younger ensured that Berain's own nuance in the Louis XIV style was transmitted to court circles in Sweden.

Berain was established in Paris by 1663. On 28 December 1674 he was appointed dessinateur de la Chambre et du cabinet du Roi (designer of the king's chamber and office) in the Menus-Plaisirs (a post he retained until his death), in succession to Henri de Gissey, whose pupil he is believed to have been. From 1677 onward he had workrooms and an apartment in the Galeries du Louvre near to those of André Charles Boulle, for whom he made many designs for furniture. After the death of Charles Le Brun Berain was commissioned to compose and supervise the whole of the exterior decoration of the king's ships. His first designs for royal interiors date from the years 1682–1684.

He was inventive and industrious, and, beginning with interiors at the Hôtel de Mailly (1687–88) assimilated and adapted Raphaelesque grotesque ornament to the taste of the time. He provided arabesque designs for the manufacture of Beauvais tapestry. At Meudon for Louis, le Grand Dauphin, whose favourite designer he remained. Berain's decors, beginning in 1699, initiated the Régence style that was a precursor of the Rococo.

Bérain also designed for the theatre. By 1674 he had already begun designing costumes for Jean-Baptiste Lully's Opéra, including costumes for dancers in the divertissements. For Lully's 1684 opera Amadis, a tale of chivalric romance, Bérain carried out research into the styles of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, a historical approach to costume design that was unusual for the time. Besides costume designs for Lully's tragédies en musique, Bérain designed the costumes for Lully's ballets Le triomphe de l'amour (1681) and Le temple de la paix (1685).

In 1680 he additionally took over Carlo Vigarani's work as the designer of the Opéra's stage machinery and scenery, and until 1707 he was in charge of staging all lyric works produced at the Théâtre du Palais-Royal in Paris as well as at the royal residences. After Lully's death in 1687, he created designs for the earliest opéra-ballets, Pascal Colasse's Les saisons (1695) and André Campra's L'Europe galante (1697). In his set designs Bérain continued using highly symmetrical single-point perspective, following in the footsteps of his Italian predecessors Giacomo Torelli and Vigarani, as well as Giovanni Francesco Grimaldi and Giovanni Burnacini. He never employed the per angolo (oblique) perspective designs that were being tried in Italy by designers such as the Galli-Bibienas.

In 1692 it was Bérain who worked with the Royal Family on the occasion of the marriage of Philippe d'Orléans to the kings illegitimate daughter Françoise-Marie de Bourbon, Mademoiselle de Blois. Bérain designed their jewelled wedding clothes and their private apartments at the Palais-Royal in the Capital.

His numerous designs were for the most part engraved under his own supervision; a collection of them was published in Paris in 1711 by his son-in-law, Jacques Thuret, clockmaker to the king from 1694. There are three books, L'Œuvre de J. Berain, Ornements inventés par J. Berain and Œuvres de J. Berain contenant des ornements d'architecture.`

Désiré Guilmard in Les Maîtres ornemanistes, gives a complete list of his published works.

His son and pupil, Jean Berain the Younger (1678–1726), was born and died in Paris. He exercised the same official functions after his father's death and worked in a very similar taste.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Jean Bérain the Elder


text:
Talk:Sabine Kratze

Untitled
"Sadly, her story is not well-known around the world." The failed publicity aspect: why is this what's "sadly" in this grim little tale. --Wetman 08:39, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sabine Kratze


text:
2005 NRL Grand Final

The 2005 NRL Grand Final was the conclusive and premiership-deciding game of the National Rugby League's 2005 Telstra Premiership season. It was played on the night of Sunday, 2 October at Sydney's Telstra Stadium between the Wests Tigers and North Queensland Cowboys, with both clubs making their grand final debuts. The Wests Tigers won the match 30–16 to claim their first premiership title, becoming the first joint-venture club to win a premiership. Scott Prince of the Wests Tigers received the Clive Churchill Medal as the official man of the match. The game set a new record for the highest television audience in Australia for a rugby league match since the introduction of the OzTam ratings system in 2001.

Background
The 2005 NRL season was the 98th season of professional rugby league football in Australia and the eighth run by the National Rugby League. The lineup of clubs remained unchanged from the previous year, with fifteen teams contesting the 2005 Telstra Premiership. The fourth-placed Wests Tigers and fifth-placed North Queensland Cowboys had both reached their first premiership decider. The two teams had met three times during the season, with North Queensland winning by 44–20 in round six, though the Wests Tigers went in having won the previous two, including a 50–6 victory in the first week of the finals series.

Wests Tigers
The Wests Tigers played in their first grand final in their sixth season. Only centre Paul Whatuira and full-back Brett Hodgson had previously played in a grand final. Whatuira won with Penrith in 2003, while Hodgson had lost with Parramatta in 2001. The Wests Tigers had no State of State of Origin representative players in their team. However, their fullback, Brett Hodgson was the 2005 regular season's top point-scorer with 250 points, however he would have a remarkable finals series scoring 58 points, and finished the 2005 season with 308 points in 28 matches.

The Wests Tigers went into the game as favourites to win, after comprehensively defeating the North Queensland Cowboys in week one of the finals, 50–6, then defeating the Brisbane Broncos 34–6 in week two of the finals, and then upsetting the St. George Illawarra Dragons in the preliminary final 20–12.

North Queensland Cowboys
For the North Queensland Cowboys, their grand final debut had come at the end of their eleventh season. North Queensland five-eighth Johnathan Thurston, the 2005 season's Dally M Medallist, had won the previous year's grand final with Canterbury as a utility player and replacement player for their injured captain Steve Price. Also, winger Matt Sing lost in 2000 with the Sydney Roosters. Their fullback Matt Bowen was the 2005 regular season's top try scorer. However their Queensland State of Origin forward Carl Webb was suspended for punching Melbourne Storm's Ryan Hoffman in the final round of the regular season, so he was forced to watch the entire Cowboys' finals run from the sidelines. Airline Qantas added an extra two flights and the Townsville Bulletin newspaper chartered a Boeing 747 to take North Queensland fans to their team's first grand final.

Teams
Wests Tigers winger Pat Richards was in doubt for the match with a fractured ankle that eventually required six pain-killing injections for him to take place in the team, defying medical opinion.

Match details
The grand final was played at Sydney's Telstra Stadium before a crowd of 82,453. Television coverage of the match was provided by Nine's Wide World of Sports with commentary from Ray Warren, Peter Sterling, Paul Vautin, Phil Gould, Matthew Johns, Andrew Voss and Ben Ikin. The Veronicas and Pete Murray provided pre-match performances. A minute's silence was then held for the previous day's 2005 Bali bombings before Natalie Bassingthwaighte sung the Australian national anthem.

First half
At 19:00 AEST, Tim Mander, officiating his second grand final, blew time on and the Wests Tigers kicked off. In the eighth minute, North Queensland had almost reached the Tigers' 20-metre line on the third tackle of the set when Aaron Payne ran from dummy half and passed inside for Paul Rauhihi to hit the ball up and stand in the tackle, offloading to Jonathan Thurston who passed to Matt Bowen. Bowen then threw a deft pass back on the inside to Justin Smith who charged toward the line and threw the ball blindly back over his head before being tackled. The loose ball was picked up by Thurtson and handed to Bowen to dash the remaining few metres to the line and touch down behind the uprights. For the third week in a row, Bowen was the first try scorer of the game. Josh Hannay converted the try so North Queensland were leading 6–0. Ten minutes later the Wests Tigers were down at the opposition's end of the field where halfback Scott Prince on the last tackle put up a kick that came down over the try line and was taken by Paul Bowman who was about to be tackled in goal and threw a speculative pass which was not caught by his teammate. Wests Tigers forward Bryce Gibbs was there to fall onto the loose ball near the goal posts. Brett Hodgson kicked the extra two points so the scores were even at 6-6. North Queensland winger Ty Williams crossed the Wests Tigers try-line in the 23rd minute, but the video referee ruled no try due to an obstruction in back play. A few minutes later, Tigers' left winger Pat Richards crossed in the corner but the video referee disallowed the try as the ball was not properly grounded.

In the 35th minute the Wests Tigers received a Johnathan Thurston kick on their own try line, the ball going to Benji Marshall who ran with it, splitting the defence and charging down the left side and over the half-way line. Drawing a defender, Marshall then threw a flick pass behind his back to his winger Pat Richards coming through in support. Richards palmed off a North Queensland defender as he ran the remaining 20 metres to dive over and score, finishing one of the most famous grand final plays in history. Hodgson kicked the extra two points so now the Wests Tigers were leading 12–6. Shortly before half time the North Queensland side were penalised on their 20-metre line and Hodgson took the kick at goal but missed.

Australian electronic rock band Rogue Traders performed during the half time break.

Second half
In the fifth minute after the break, Wests were mounting an attack 10 metres from the North Queensland line when on the third tackle, hooker Robbie Farah put his prop forward Anthony Laffranchi through a gap to crash over the line and score near the uprights.

Brett Hodgson kicked the extra two points so the Tigers were leading 18–6. Ten minutes later North Queensland were attacking the Wests try line when Thurston, 10 metres out flicked the ball back to Travis Norton who charged over to score.

Josh Hannay converted the try so North Queensland were behind 18–12. In the 63rd minute the Tigers had the ball down near North Queensland's try-line and moved it out to Daniel Fitzhenry on the right wing to dive over in the corner. Hodgson kicked the goal from near the sideline to convert the try, taking the Tigers' lead out to 24–12.

With just over six minutes remaining, Wests Tigers half-back Scott Prince attempted a field goal but missed. Shortly after that North Queensland winger Matt Sing almost scored a try but the video referee found that he'd knocked on. A few minutes later though, the North Queensland side were down close to the Wests Tigers try line where their half-back Johnathan Thurston threw a cut out pass to Matt Sing to score on the right wing.

Josh Hannay missed the conversion so the score was 24–16 in favour of the Wests Tigers with under two minutes left to play. Seconds before the final siren the Wests Tigers got one more try when Hodgson, from ten metres out, put a grubber kick into North Queensland's in-goal area for Todd Payten to dive onto. Hodgson then converted the try so the final score was 30–16, and the Wests Tigers had their first premiership as a merged team.

For fans of Balmain Tigers and Western Suburbs Magpies, the premiership victory also ended long droughts for both sets of fans who came together to support the merged club. Balmain had not won the premiership since 1969 and Western Suburbs had not won since 1952. Wests Tigers captain Scott Prince, himself from North Queensland, was awarded the Clive Churchill Medal as man-of-the-match before being presented with the premiership trophy by Australian Prime Minister John Howard. It was the final match with the Tigers for their winger Pat Richards who joined English Super League club Wigan Warriors for the 2006 season.

The match had the highest television ratings for a night time grand final in history. As winners of the grand final the Wests club received $400,000 in prize money.

2006 World Club Challenge
Having won the NRL grand final, Wests had earned the right to play against 2005's Super League X Champions, the Bradford Bulls in the following February's World Club Challenge.

title: 2005 NRL Grand Final


text:
Maestro (novel)

Maestro is a 1989 novella written by Australian author Peter Goldsworthy. It is a bildungsroman novel dealing with themes of art and life. The book has been adapted as a stage play and is the subject of an upcoming film of the same name.

Plot summary
The book is loosely based on Goldworthy's daughter Anna's piano lessons with Russian emigre pianist Eleonora Sivan (born 1941), who had moved to Adelaide in 1981 as a refugee.

The protagonist, a boy called Paul Crabbe, is taught piano by his teacher (or maestro), Eduard Keller. Paul dislikes his teacher at first, but by the end of the book has grown to appreciate him dearly. Paul slowly comes to realisation that he is now learning from the maestro, and his talent starts growing day by day. Paul learns the limits of his own musical ability through Keller, but he also grows to understand himself and Keller enough to write the novel. He also has a loving relationship with his sweetheart, Rosie.

Themes
Maestro has an ongoing theme of contrasts, including the differences between Paul's mother and father; Vienna and Darwin; high culture vs. low culture; and the contrast of Paul as an adolescent and Paul as an adult.

The maestro, Eduard Keller, lost his family during The Holocaust, despite performing private concerts for Adolf Hitler in the belief that he would spare Keller's Jewish family. For Keller, the grand piano is his sanctity and security, helping him deal with the horrors of the world "safe beneath that grand piano", and likewise offering him a way of deconstructing life. As Paul matures, Keller's phrasings, which seemed absurd in adolescence, ossify into a "musical bible whose texts I knew by heart"..

Maestro has themes of adolescence and growing up. Paul is educated about life through music and Keller's experiences in Vienna and understanding of human nature. The book tracks Paul as he develops into a responsible, mature man from an obnoxious, egotistical teenager.

Recognition and awards
The book was shortlisted for the 1990 Miles Franklin Award. It has been translated into German,

It was chosen for the inaugural Australian "One Book—One Town" project in 2002.

In 2003, it appeared as 22nd on the Australian Society of Authors' list of the top 40 Australian books ever published.

Adaptations
On 27 February 2009 the State Theatre Company of South Australia presented the premiere of a stage adaptation prepared by Goldsworthy's daughter Anna at Her Majesty's Theatre, Adelaide.

The upcoming film Maestro (in pre-production as of November 2023), written and directed Catherine Jarvis and starring Klaus Maria Brandauer.

title: Maestro (novel)


text: User talk:69.235.206.108

title: User talk:69.235.206.108


text:
Boxing at the 1972 Summer Olympics

These are the final results for the boxing competition at the 1972 Summer Olympics. The competition was held from 27 August to 10 September with the participation of 354 fighters from 80 countries.

title: Boxing at the 1972 Summer Olympics


text:
Jean Bérain the Younger

Jean Bérain the Younger (1678 in Paris–1726 in Paris) was a French designer, and son of Jean Bérain the Elder.

He was his father's pupil, and exercised the same official functions after his father's death. Thus he planned the funeral ceremonies at Saint Denis Basilica on the death of the Dauphin, and afterwards made the designs for the obsequies of Louis XIV.

He was perhaps best known as an engraver. He engraved eleven plates of the collection Ornements de peinture et de sculpture qui sont dans la galerie d'Apollon au chasteau du Louvre, et dans le grand appartement du roy au palais des Tuileries (Paris, 1710), which have been wrongly attributed to his father, the Mausolée du duc de Bourgogne, and that of Marie Louise Gabrielle de Savoie, reine d'Espagne (1714), etc. His work is exceedingly difficult to distinguish from his father's, the similarity of style being remarkable.

title: Jean Bérain the Younger


text:
Talk:Portfolio (disambiguation)

There are a bunch of other pages with "portfolio" in its name. Perhaps they should be put on the dosambiguation page as well? I don't know too much about the subject to be certain. Lokedhs

The official definition of "Portfolio" is in the financial sense, and I'm really not sure that's the most fundamental definition...

143.167.134.8 15:14, 7 February 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Portfolio (disambiguation)


text:
User talk:Tessonec~enwiki

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, you can post to the help desk or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! --Thatdog (Talk) 08:44, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
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Boca
Congratulations for Boca's 22th Argentine Championship!!! Mariano (t/c) 07:13, 9 May 2006 (UTC)

Wikimedia Stories Project
Aloha!

My name is Victor and I work with the Wikimedia Foundation, the non-profit organization that supports Wikipedia. We're chronicling the inspiring stories of the Wikipedia community around the world, including those from readers, editors, and donors. Stories are absolutely essential for any non-profit to persuade new people to support the cause, and we know the vast network of people who use Wikipedia have so much to share.

I find stories that drive our annual fundraising efforts. It's important to convey the incredible diversity of people who've come to rely upon Wikipedia every day.

I'd really like the opportunity to interview you to tell your story, with the possibility of using it in our materials, on our community websites, or as part of this year’s fundraiser to encourage others to support Wikipedia.

I will be in Buenos Aires from the 10th - 11th of March 2012.

I'm hoping you will elaborate on your story with me. Please let me know if you're inclined to take part in the Wikipedia Stories Project!

Thank you,

Victor Grigas

user:Victorgrigas

vgrigas@wikimedia.org

Victor Grigas (talk) 17:11, 2 February 2012 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Tessonec. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Tessonec~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 03:19, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 19:35, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Tessonec~enwiki


text:
Talk:Legal instrument

Untitled
Is a Contract of Employment or a Collective Bargaining Agreement a Legal Instrument - like a Will or Act ot Parliament or Deed?

Yes. Though the sense of the phrase doesn't usually include Statutes, I suppose it can. In developed countries unions often negotiate employment contracts with employers, which may be later taken to court for enforcement in case of disputes. ww 18:32, 4 September 2005 (UTC)

Type
User:Flibjib8 has twice added this passage:

 * Based on their formality, authority, and degree of authenticity, legal instruments can be classified into four categories:

 * Instruments under hand - validated by signature of author
 * simple contract, affidavit, promissory note
 * Instruments under seal - validated by seal (and often signature) of author
 * covenants, corporate contracts, certificates, letters of authentication, lawyer's writings
 * Instruments in solemn form or deeds - validated by signature of author and attesting witnesses
 * bonds, wills, conveyances, mortgages, diplomas, powers of attorney, patents, contracts by deed
 * Public instruments - validated by signature of author and attesting witnesses and recorded with a public office or employee and bears their seal
 * notarial acts, court orders, legislative acts, statutory instruments, vital records

The first time, it had no sources. When a fact tag did not elicit any sources I deleted it. Now it is back, with a self-published source from someone named Kevin Boone, who describes himself as a "scientist, engineer, and educator". This source does not come close to meeting the requirements at Verifiability and Reliable sources.

In addition, I dispute the correctness of the passage. First, these are not good categories because many of them overlap. Second, the claim that deeds are validated by attesting witnesses is false for many states in the U.S. --Jc3s5h (talk) 18:47, 20 May 2009 (UTC)

instrument types
First, let me begin by saying you left me very little time to provide you with sources. Three days might have been nice. I was in the middle of adding sources, of course, when you deleted the section for a second time.

Second, it is important that you realize that a deed has several meanings, one of the oldest referring to a general category of legal instrument, as opposed to its most modern and somewhat more restricted meaning of "title transfer or conveyance", which was originally only one type of deed. U.S. state laws are immaterial (not to mention parochial - remember: this is not an Americans-only encyclopedia) since they only apply to deeds in the title transfer sense of the word. You might like to research the topic yourself; you can begin here: and, among others.

Third, I am not sure where you see overlap, but I will say that all require signatures, the last three originally required seals, the last two witnesses, and the last a competent public authority, and in this way, each category builds from the previous one by adding a requirement for validity in order to give the instrument increasing "authenticity", that is, greater evidentiary status at court. Is this your overlap? Or perhaps you mean things appear to be in several categories, like a contract; keep in mind that a contract can be executed in simple or solemn form, that is, as an instrument under hand or a deed (instrument in solemn form), hence the expressions "contract under hand", "contract under seal" (a.k.a. "specialty"), and "contract by deed". This means that some document types do not neatly fit into any one category.

You may have misgivings because the US does not appear to explicitly use these categories or terminology, though the law clearly makes these distinctions.

A good example is a will. Wills have to undergo probate for the sole purpose of guaging their validity which is solely based on how the document was executed. Wills can be in common form (e.g., holographic will - that is, under hand), they can be in solemn form (i.e., they are under hand and witnessed), or they can be in public form (i.e., a notarial will - under hand, witnessed, and attested by public authority (cf. Louisiana, British Columbia, London, South Africa, civil-law jurisdictions)), each one being more authentic in the eyes of the law than the previous one.

Lastly, as far as Kevin Boone's qualifications go, he states quite clearly that he has an LLB ; I would therefore consider him a reasonable expert on the subject of law.

Based on all this, would you kindly restore my section.

Flibjib8 (talk) 20:15, 20 May 2009 (UTC)

 * First, do you know how to create a sandbox? Extensive passages are best created in a sandbox, rather than making large numbers of edits to the article. You can also point people to your sandbox from the talk page to discuss whether the new material is in adequate form to add to the article.

 * Second, Kevin Boone does not say he earned an LLB (unless I missed it), he says he "was studying" for his LLB. Whether he actually received the degree is unclear. Furthermore, this statement is on a personal web site and is not verified; We know of no reliable source (like a newspaper or national registry of solicitors) saying he earned one. Even if he did, the standard for using self published sources is that they be "produced by an established expert on the topic of the article whose work in the relevant field has previously been published by reliable third-party publications" ( Reliable sources). I am not aware that Kevin Boone has published on the topic of law in a reliable third-party publication. I also noticed that his definitions don't have any sources; while I am not a lawyer, the legal publications I've seen usually have extensive citations. This makes me think that while the work may be adequate as Mr. Boone's private notes, it doesn't seem like a reliable legal publication.

 * As you say, Wikipedia is an international publication. Sweeping statements should not be made that don't apply everywhere (especially statements that don't apply to large areas of the English-speaking world). If statements only apply in certain jurisdictions, the statements should be so qualified.

 * Finally, categories are often thought of as mutually exclusive, or nearly so. If the types you describe actually indicate steps of increasingly rigorous authentication, they should be so described. --Jc3s5h (talk) 22:40, 20 May 2009 (UTC)

Encryption vs Digital Signature
Re: First paragraph in section entitled: "Electronic legal documents" The statement: To prevent tampering or unauthorized changes to the original document, encryption is used. is not strictly true. Encryption does not necessarily prevent tampering or unauthorized changes, nor does it make any such alteration detectable. What I believe you are referring to is the process of digital signing, wherein an asymmetric mathematical function is applied to the message which cannot easily be forged without knowledge of the private key material belonging to the message signer. In this process the message itself is usually delivered in clear-text and so is not encrypted.

If only a shared key algorithm is required to verify the signed document then by the very nature of shared key algorithms a forged document may be created by the recipient and does not therefore prove any authenticity of the message to the sender or any observer should that be required (c.f. all parties having the same wax seals).

RSA, a popular asymmetric encryption algorithm, (and other similarly algorithms), may be used to digitally sign a document by "encrypting" small chunks of the message serially (or by applying a digest algorithm to the message, signing it and delivering both the signed digest and the message to the recipient). Here the term encryption is perhaps misleading as, for RSA, one has a private key and a public key; the public key is by design to be a well distributed key; the private key is intended to be known only to its owner. The signing algorithm makes use of the private key whereas the verification step makes use of its public counterpart. Therefore, the "encrypted" message is more like an encoded message where any recipient should be able to derive the message contents using the generally available public key, but will not easily be able to generate a new signature for a forged message that will later verify with the original public key.

The strength of a digital signature depends on the security of the private key (which the signer will have a vested interest in assuring), the strength of the message digest (if used -- some messages may be constructed such that the digest of two different messages are identical -- see birthday attacks), and the computational difficulty of calculating the private key given data such as the public key itself. --Nimpo (talk) 15:37, 21 June 2012 (UTC)

 * I suspect the editor who wrote that was simplifying the situation; some digital signatures make alterations detectable, and some digital signatures accomplish their goal of making tampering evident through the use of asymmetric encryption. That sentence really should be reworded, but given the many conflicting definitions of basic terms, it isn't easy. Jc3s5h (talk) 16:58, 21 June 2012 (UTC)

Requested move 31 March 2016

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: Not moved Mike Cline (talk) 14:08, 11 April 2016 (UTC)

Legal instrument → Legal document – more established. Abc82 (talk) 11:53, 31 March 2016 (UTC)
 * It looks like you've forgotten to provide a rationale for this move. Procedural oppose until you do. — Nizolan  (talk) 14:08, 31 March 2016 (UTC)
 * Provided. -- Abc82 (talk) 17:46, 31 March 2016 (UTC)

 * Support. An ngram seems to confirm that legal document is more commonly used in books. — Amakuru (talk) 12:22, 8 April 2016 (UTC)
 * But are they the same thing? —  AjaxSmack  02:04, 9 April 2016 (UTC)

 * Oppose without evidence that the two terms refer to the same thing. All of the sources use "instrument".  —  AjaxSmack   02:04, 9 April 2016 (UTC)
 * Oppose - a legal instrument is a type of legal document, which is a much broader term. Not the same thing. Bazonka (talk) 15:46, 10 April 2016 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

title: Talk:Legal instrument


text:
Talk:Adam Crozier

Stub
I have written a very brief stub to replace this article at Adam Crozier/Temp. Qwghlm 08:45, September 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Temp page has been moved to the main article. RedWolf 18:02, September 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * This remains a pitiable article for someone who has had two prominent roles in British public life. Postlebury 15:44, 31 October 2007 (UTC)
 * I agree. Crozier is, whether you love him or loathe him, a man who at present heads one of the most important and (at present) troubled organisations in Britain. Surely some expansion on his role as head of Royal Mail is needed. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.29.32.70 (talk) 15:09, 1 November 2007 (UTC)
 * I have added some additional information on AC and some info. about RM strike Ivankinsman (talk) 08:47, 3 November 2009 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Adam Crozier


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Deputy First Minister

Deputy First Minister can refer to:

 * Deputy First Minister of Northern Ireland
 * Deputy First Minister of Scotland
 * Deputy First Minister of Wales

title: Deputy First Minister


text: User talk:84.73.95.40

title: User talk:84.73.95.40


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title: Template:User Location (mx)


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Wikipedia:Peer review/Louis MacNeice/archive1

Louis MacNeice
I've made a lot of changes to this article in the last couple of months, hoping that it might encourage others to join in, but as can be seen from the edit history, that hasn't happened. MacNeice is an important poet with a growing reputation, and I'd really like some input - one of Wikipedia's strengths is collaboration and a multitude of perspectives, which the article's currently lacking. -- ajn (talk) 08:48, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

I know the situation you're in; my articles tend to be on obscure historical figures and in common with MacNeice, not too much information seems to be available on them. I'll try and give you a hand if you like. Do you know much about his west of Ireland ancestry? Fergananim 16:01, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

 * His grandfather alleged the family was descended from Conchubar MacNessa. Sticking to historical fact, according to Stallworthy the MacNeice family were a Protestant family originally from Stonehall near Ballysodare in County Sligo.  MacNeice's paternal grandfather William was a schoolmaster who worked for the Irish Church Mission to Roman Catholics, married Alice Howell the daughter of a Welsh coastguard, and ended up on the island of Omey in Co. Galway, then Athlone and Dublin.  His maternal grandfather Martin Clesham was from Killymangan near Clifden in Co. Galway, descended from early 18th century immigrants probably from the Hebrides, and converted to the C of I from Catholicism when he married Christina Bush, an immigrant from London.  MacNeice's parents met in Dublin.  So in fact his Irish roots mainly didn't go back very far and he had a fair number of non-Irish ancestors.  I don't know a great deal about Irish history (I have a grandmother from Antrim but I'm English), and that's one of the areas that could do with filling in.  John MacNeice is worth an article of his own - he was a very controversial figure as a Protestant bishop who supported home rule, he thought the Easter Rising and civil war were disastrous because of the violence, and he buried Edward Carson and was involved in a huge row about Carson's funeral and tomb.  --  ajn (talk) 19:15, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

Very well done -- however, I feel the article is missing information on the poetry itself. In particular, it would be nice if there was a section (or perhaps something interwoven) that briefly discussed contemporary critical responses to the work. Right now when I finish the article I am still pretty uncertain what the poetry is like. For example, Berryman seems a central figure -- but does MacNeice sound like Berryman (I don't think so!) There is some stuff, mostly on the subject of his poems, but not enough on just things like, e.g., was he working in a Modernist aesthetic? Or something else? Sdedeo 20:07, 12 September 2005 (UTC)

 * That's the sort of area where I was hoping for outside input - I'm a scientist by education, I just don't have the ability to write easily about literature, though I have access to critical works. I'm not sure Berryman was a central figure - they had a personal relationship (though perhaps not as close as Berryman thought, he had a flair for exaggeration), but I can't see many poetic similarities.  --  ajn (talk) 08:45, 13 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I don't have the time right now, but why not start by quoting a few lines from some of his major works in the article? This would at least give a sense of what was going on, and might encourage others to take a look and pitch in. Sdedeo 18:52, 13 September 2005 (UTC)