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Ice Palace (Saint Petersburg)

The Ice Palace (Russian: Ледовый Дворец, Ledovy Dvorets) is an arena in Saint Petersburg, Russia. It was built for the 2000 IIHF World Championship and opened in 2000. It holds 12,300 people.

The Ice Palace is primarily used for ice hockey and was the home arena for SKA Saint Petersburg from 2005 until 2024, when the team moved into the new SKA Arena, the largest hockey arena in the world. It hosted the IIHF European Champions Cup in 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008. It is also used for concerts, exhibitions and as a skating rink.

Events
Many popular musical acts have played the arena, including A-ha, Lana Del Rey, Christina Aguilera, Kylie Minogue, Roxette, Whitney Houston, Mariah Carey, Elton John, Eric Clapton, Sting, Cher, Iron Maiden, Fall Out Boy, Enrique Iglesias, Britney Spears, Jennifer Lopez, Pink, Sade, Björk, Billie Eilish, Robbie Williams, Lorde, Backstreet Boys, Sarah Brightman, NCT 127, Pet Shop Boys, Scorpions, Kiss, Whitesnake and Nickelback.

title: Ice Palace (Saint Petersburg)


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History of South Tyrol

[[File:Tirol-Südtirol-Trentino with extraprovincial comuni.png|thumb|250px|The former Tyrol today

{{Legend|#fe7f7f|Tyrol (state) (Austria) }} {{Legend|#f7b77b|South Tyrol (Italy) }} {{Legend|#7b7bf7|Trentino (Italy) }} {{legend|#73e673|Parts of the former county now within other Italian provinces}} ]]

Modern-day South Tyrol, an autonomous Italian province created in 1948, was part of the Austro-Hungarian County of Tyrol until 1918 (then known as Deutschsüdtirol and occasionally Mitteltirol ). It was annexed by Italy following the defeat of the Central Powers in World War I. It has been part of a cross-border joint entity, the Euroregion Tyrol-South Tyrol-Trentino, since 2001.

Antiquity
In 15 BC the region, inhabited by the Alpine population of the Raeti, was conquered by the Roman commanders Drusus and Tiberius, and its northern and eastern parts were incorporated into the provinces of Raetia and Noricum respectively, while the southern part including the lower Adige and Eisack valleys around the modern-day city of Bolzano up to present-day Merano and Waidbruck (Sublavio) became part of Roman Italy (Italia), Regio X Venetia et Histria. The mountainous area then mainly was a transit country along Roman roads crossing the Eastern Alps like the Via Claudia Augusta, settled by Romanised Illyrian and Raeti tribes which had adopted the Vulgar Latin (Ladin) language.

Middle Ages
After the conquest of Italy by the Goths in 493, Tyrol became part of the Ostrogothic Kingdom of Italy in the 5th and the 6th centuries. Already in 534 the western Vinschgau region fell to the Kingdom of the Franks (Alamannia), while after the final collapse of the Ostrogothic Kingdom in 553 West Germanic Bavarians entered the region from the north. When the Lombards invaded Italy in 568 and founded the Kingdom of Italy, it also included the Duchy of Tridentum with the southernmost part of Tyrol. The border with the German stem duchy of Bavaria ran southwest of present-day Bolzano along the Adige River, with Salorno and the right bank (including Eppan, Kaltern and the area up to Lana on the Falschauer River) belonging to the Lombard kingdom. While the boundary remained unchanged for centuries, Bavarian settlers further migrated southwards down to Salorno (Salurn). The population was Christianised by the Bishops of Brixen and Trento.

In 1027 Emperor Conrad II established the Prince-bishopric of Trent in order to secure the route up to the Brenner Pass. He ceded the counties of Trento, Bolzano and Vinschgau to the Trent bishops and finally separated the territory on the east bank of the Adige River down to Mezzocorona (Deutschmetz) from the Imperial Kingdom of Italy. The Gau of Norital, including the Wipptal, the Eisacktal and the Val Badia, was granted to the newly established Prince-Bishopric of Brixen, followed in 1091 by the Puster Valley. Over the centuries, the episcopal reeves (Vögte) residing at Tirol Castle near Merano extended their territory over much of the region and came to surpass the power of the bishops who were nominally their feudal lords. The later Counts of Tyrol reached independence from the Duchy of Bavaria during the deposition of Duke Henry the Lion in 1180. Also in this period, from the late twelfth to the thirteenth centuries, have been established along the Brenner axis almost all of up-today's existing urban settlements, which can be categorized as marked-formed, not very densely populated small-towns, such as Bolzano, Merano, Sterzing or Bruneck.

Modern Age
From the 13th century they held much of their territory immediate from the Holy Roman Emperor and were elevated to Princes of the Holy Roman Empire in 1504.

Following defeat by Napoleon in 1805, the Austrian Empire was forced to cede the northern part of Tyrol to the Kingdom of Bavaria in the Peace of Pressburg. It became a member of the Confederation of the Rhine in 1806. Tyrol remained split between Bavaria and the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy until it was returned to Austria by the Congress of Vienna in 1814. Integrated into the Austrian Empire, from 1867 it was a Kronland (Crown Land) of Cisleithania, the western half of Austria-Hungary.

Age of nationalism

After the Napoleonic Era, nationalism emerged as the dominant ideology in Europe. In Italy several intellectuals and groups began to push the idea of a unified nation-state (see Risorgimento). At the time, the struggle for Italian unification was largely waged against the Austrian Empire, which was the hegemonic power in Italy and the single most powerful adversary to unification. The Austrian Empire vigorously repressed the growing nationalist sentiment among Italian elites, most of all during 1848 revolution and the following years. Italy finally attained independence in 1861, annexed Venetia in 1866, and Latium, including Rome, in 1870.

However, for many nationalist intellectuals and political leaders, the process of unification of the Italian peninsula under a single national state was not complete. This was because several areas inhabited by Italian-speaking communities remained under what was seen as foreign rule. This situation gave rise to the idea that parts of Italy were still unredeemed, hence Italian irredentism became an important ideological component of the political life of the Kingdom of Italy: see Italia irredenta.

In 1882 Italy signed a defensive alliance with Austria-Hungary and Germany (see Triple Alliance). However, Italian public opinion remained unenthusiastic about the alignment with Austria-Hungary, still perceiving it as the historical enemy of Italy. In the years before World War I, many distinguished military analysts predicted that Italy would change sides.

Italy declared its neutrality at the beginning of World War I, because the Triple Alliance was a defensive one, requiring its members to come under attack to come into effect. Many Italians were still hostile to Austrian historical and continuing occupation of ethnically Italian areas. Austria-Hungary requested Italian neutrality, while the Triple Entente (Great Britain, France and Russia) demanded its intervention. Many people in Italy wanted the country to join the conflict on the side of the Triple Entente, with the aim of gaining the "unredeemed" territories.

Under the secret Treaty of London, signed in April 1915, Italy agreed to declare war against the Central Powers in exchange for (among other things) territorial gains in the Austrian crown lands of Tyrol, Küstenland and Dalmatia, homeland of large Italian minorities. War against the Austro-Hungarian Empire was declared on May 24, 1915.

In October 1917, the Italian army was defeated in the Battle of Caporetto, and was forced back to a defensive line along the Piave river. In June 1918, an Austro-Hungarian offensive against the Piave line was repulsed (see Battle of the Piave River). On October 24, 1918, Italy launched its final offensive against the Austro-Hungarian Army, which consequently collapsed (see Battle of Vittorio Veneto). The armistice of Villa Giusti was signed on November 3. It came into force at 3.00 pm on November 4. In the following days the Italian Army completed the occupation of all Tirol (including Innsbruck), according to the armistice terms.

Annexation by Italy

Under the secret Treaty of London (1915), Italy "shall obtain the Trentino, Cisalpine Tyrol with its geographical and natural frontier (the Brenner frontier)" and after the ceasefire of Villa Giusti (November 3, 1918) Italian troops occupied uncontested the territory and as stipulated in the ceasefire agreement marched into North Tyrol and occupied Innsbruck and the Inn valley.

During the negotiations between Austria and the victorious Entente powers in Saint-Germain a petition for help, signed by all the mayors of South Tyrol, was presented to US President Woodrow Wilson. Wilson had announced his Fourteen Points to a joint session of Congress on January 8, 1918, and the mayors reminded him of point 9:

"'A readjustment of the frontiers of Italy should be effected along clearly recognizable lines of nationality.'"

But when the Treaty of Saint-Germain was signed on September 10, 1919, Italy was given by Article 27, section 2 the ethnic German territories south of the Alpine watershed.

It has been claimed that Wilson later complained about the annexation:

"'Already the president had, unfortunately, promised the Brenner Pass boundary to Orlando, which gave to Italy some 150,000 Tyrolese Germans-an action which he subsequently regarded as a big mistake and deeply regretted. It had been before he had made a careful study of the subject....'"

As Italy had not yet adopted the toponymy created by Ettore Tolomei, all the names of locations in the treaty, except the Adige river, were in German (the same monolingual German approach to local names as in the Treaty of London).

At first, the territory was governed by a military regime under General Guglielmo Pecori-Giraldi, directly subordinated to the Comando Supremo. One of the first orders was to seal the border between South Tyrol and Austria. People were not allowed to cross, and the postal service and the flow of goods were interrupted; censorship was introduced and officials not born in the area were dismissed. On November 11, 1919, General Pecori-Giraldi proclaimed in the name of King Victor Emmanuel III in Italian and German: "... Italy is willing, as sole united nation with full freedom of thought and expression, to allow nationals of other language the preservation of their own schools, private institutions and associations." On December 1, 1919 the King promised in a speech: "a careful maintenance of local institutions and self-administration"

Italy formally annexed the territories on October 10, 1920. The administration passed from the military to the new Governatorato della Venezia Tridentina (Governorate of Venezia Tridentina) under Luigi Credaro. The term Venezia Tridentina had been proposed in 1863 by the Jewish linguist Graziadio Isaia Ascoli from Gorizia, who sought to include all of the territories of the Austro-Hungarian Empire claimed by Italy into a wider region called Venezia (the Julian March was accordingly named Venezia Giulia). The Governatorato included the present-day region of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol and the three Ladin communes of Cortina, Colle Santa Lucia and Livinallongo, today in the Province of Belluno. The northern part of Tyrol, comprising North Tyrol and East Tyrol, became what is today one of the nine federal states of Austria.

On January 21, 1921, the Governatorato, while retaining military and police control, ceded administrative control to the new provincial council of the Provincia di Venezia Tridentina in Trento. On May 15, 1921, the people of the area participated for the first (and until April 18, 1948, the only) free and democratic elections (the people of Venezia Tridentina and Venezia Giulia did not participate in the general election of June 2, 1946). The result was a resounding victory for the Deutscher Verband (German Association), which won close to 90% of the votes and thus sent four deputies to Rome.

Rise of fascism
Up to this time, the German-speaking population had not been subjected to violence and nor had the Italian authorities interfered with its cultural activities, traditions and schooling. This was about to change with the rise of fascism. The first hint of what was to come was experienced by the German population on Sunday April 24, 1921. The population of Bolzano-Bozen had organized a Trachtenumzug (a procession in traditional local costume) to celebrate the opening of the spring trade fair. The General Civil Commissioner of the province, Luigi Credaro, had been warned in advance by his colleagues from Mantua, Brescia, Verona and Vicenza of the intention of the fascists there to go to Bolzano-Bozen to disrupt the procession, but did not take any precautions. After arriving by train in Bolzano-Bozen the approximately 280 out-of-province fascists were joined by about 120 from Bolzano-Bozen, and proceeded to attack the procession with clubs, pistols and hand grenades. The teacher Franz Innerhofer from Marling was shot dead and around 50 people injured in the attack. After the attack the military intervened and escorted the fascists back to the station. Although Credaro, under orders from the Italian Prime Minister Giovanni Giolitti, had two suspects in Innerhofer's murder arrested, nobody was brought to justice for the attack, as Benito Mussolini had threatened to come to Bolzano-Bozen with 2,000 fascists to free the two suspects by force if they were not set free immediately. Mussolini made clear his policies regarding the people of South Tyrol:

"'If the Germans on both sides of the Brenner don't toe the line, then the fascists will teach them a thing or two about obedience. Alto Adige is Italian and bilingual, and no one would even dream of trying forcibly to Italianize these German immigrants. But neither may Germans imagine that they might push Italy back to Salorno and from there to the Lago di Garda. Perhaps the Germans believe that all Italians are like Credaro. If they do, they’re sorely mistaken. In Italy, there are hundreds of thousands of Fascists who would rather lay waste to Alto Adige than to permit the tricolore that flies above the Vetta d’Italia to be lowered. If the Germans have to be beaten and stomped to bring them to reason, then so be it, we’re ready. A lot of Italians have been trained in this business.'"

Italianization

In October 1922, the new Fascist government rescinded all the special dispensations that protected linguistic minorities.

The Italianization program had been started, and the Fascist regime charged Achille Starace and Ettore Tolomei (a nationalist from Rovereto) to drive it.

Tolomei's "program in 23 points" was adopted. Among other things it decreed:
 * exclusive use of Italian in the public offices;
 * closure of the majority of the German schools;
 * incentives for immigrants from other Italian regions.

The first forms of opposition to the regime appeared in 1925: a priest, Michael Gamper, opened the first "Katakombenschulen", clandestine schools where teachers taught in German.

In 1926 the ancient institution of communal autonomy was abolished. Throughout Italy the "podestà", appointed by the government, replaced the mayors and had to report to the "prefetti".

A large industrial zone in Bolzano opened in 1935. It was followed by the immigration of many workers and their families from other parts of Italy (mainly from Veneto).

In this period of oppression, National Socialist propaganda became more and more successful among young South Tyroleans, leading in 1934 to the formation of the illegal local Nazi organization of the Völkischer Kampfring Südtirols (VKS).

German-Italian option agreement
Adolf Hitler never claimed any part of the Southern Tyrol for his Third Reich, even before the alliance with Benito Mussolini; in fact in Mein Kampf (1924) he claimed that Germans were just a small and irrelevant minority in Southern Tyrol (this definition including also Trentino) and he acknowledged the German portion of Southern Tyrol as a permanent possession of Italy. Hitler writes in Book II of Mein Kampf, "But I do not hesitate to declare that, now the dice have fallen, I not only regard a reconquest of the South Tyrol by war as impossible, but that I personally would reject it in the conviction that for this question the flame of national enthusiasm of the whole German people could not be achieved to a degree which would offer the premise for victory."

In 1939, both dictators in order to solve any further dispute agreed to give the German-speaking population a choice in the South Tyrol Option Agreement: they could emigrate to neighbouring Germany (including annexed Austria) or stay in Italy and accept complete Italianisation.

The South Tyrolean population was deeply divided. Those who wanted to stay (Dableiber) were condemned as traitors; those who left (Optanten), the majority, were defamed as Nazis. There was a plan to relocate the Optanten in Crimea (annexed to Greater Germany), but most were resettled in German-annexed Western Poland, where they were expelled or killed after the war. Because of the outbreak of World War II, this agreement was only partially carried out.

In 1939 Mussolini decided to build an Alpine Wall, a military fortification to defend Italy's northern land border.

Annexation by Nazi Germany
In 1943, Mussolini was deposed and Italy surrendered to the Allies, who had invaded southern Italy via Sicily. German troops promptly invaded and occupied northern Italy to help Mussolini's side against the Allies and new Italy, and South Tyrol became part of the Operation Zone of the Alpine Foothills, along with Operation Zone of the Adriatic Littoral de facto annexed to Greater Germany. Many German-speaking South Tyroleans, after years of linguistic oppression and discrimination by Fascist Italy, wanted revenge upon ethnic Italians living in the area (particularly in the larger cities) but were mostly prevented from doing so by the occupying Nazis, who still considered Mussolini head of the Italian Social Republic and wanted to preserve good relations with the Italian Fascists, still supporting Mussolini against the Allies. Although the Nazis were able to recruit South Tyrolean youth and to capture local Jews, they prevented anti-Italian feelings from getting out of hand. Mussolini, who wanted to set up his new pro-German Italian Social Republic in Bolzano, was still a Nazi ally.

The region largely escaped fighting, and its mountainous remoteness proved useful to the Nazis as a refuge for items looted from across Europe. When the US 88th Infantry Division occupied South Tyrol from May 2 to May 8, 1945, and after the total unconditional surrender of Germany on May 8, 1945, it found vast amounts of precious items and looted art treasures. Among the items reportedly found were railway wagons filled with gold bars, hundreds of thousands of metres of silk, the Italian crown jewels, King Victor Emmanuel's personal collection of rare coins, and scores of works of art looted from art galleries such as the Uffizi in Florence. It was feared that the Germans might use the region, along with other Nazi-owned territories to make a last-ditch stronghold in the Alps to fight to the bitter end, and from there direct Werwolf activities in Allied-controlled territories, but this did not occur due to the suicide of Hitler, the disintegration and chaos of the Nazi apparatus and the rapid Nazi German surrender thereafter.

First Austrian-Italian agreement

In 1945 the South Tyrolean People's Party (Südtiroler Volkspartei) was founded, mainly by Dableiber, who had elected to stay in Italy after the agreement between Hitler and Mussolini.

As the Allies had decided that the province should remain a part of Italy, Italy and Austria negotiated an agreement in 1946, recognizing the rights of the German minority. This led to the creation of the Trentino-Alto Adige/Tiroler Etschland region, a new name for "Venezia Tridentina". German and Italian were both made official languages, and German-language education was permitted. But as the Italians were the majority in the region, self-government of the German minority was impossible.

Together with the arrival of new Italian-speaking migrants, this led to strong dissatisfaction among South Tyroleans, which culminated in terrorist acts perpetrated by the Befreiungsausschuss Südtirol (BAS–Committee for the liberation of South Tyrol). In a first phase only public buildings and fascist monuments were targeted. One of the most notable attacks was the Night of Fire, when the South Tyrolean Liberation Committee destroyed a number of electricity pylons. The second phase was bloodier, costing 21 lives (among them four activists and 15 Italian policemen and soldiers), four of them during a BAS ambush at Cima Vallona, province of Belluno, on 25 June 1967.

The South Tyrolean question (Südtirolfrage) became an international issue. As the implementation of the post-war agreement was not seen as satisfactory by the Austrian government, the matter became the cause of significant friction with Italy and was taken up by the United Nations in 1960. A fresh round of negotiations took place in 1961 but this proved unsuccessful.

The second agreement
Eventually, international (especially Austrian) public opinion and domestic considerations led the Italian government to consider a "Second statutory order" and to negotiate a package of reforms that produced the "Autonomy Statute", which virtually delinked the mostly German-speaking province of South Tyrol from the Trentino. The new agreement was signed in 1969 by Kurt Waldheim for Austria and by Aldo Moro for Italy. It stipulated that disputes in South Tyrol would be submitted for settlement to the International Court of Justice in The Hague, that the province would receive greater autonomy within Italy, and that Austria would not interfere in South Tyrol internal affairs. The agreement proved broadly satisfactory and the separatist tensions soon eased.

The new autonomous status, granted from 1972 onwards, has resulted in a considerable level of self-government, also due to the large financial resources of the province of Bolzano/Bozen, retaining almost 90% of all levied taxes. It took a further 20 years for the reforms to be fully implemented, the last in 1992. After a debate in Parliament, Vienna declared the dispute closed. On June 18, 1992 the release was signed by Italy and Austria in New York, in front of the United Nations building.

Today, South Tyrol is peaceful and the wealthiest Italian province, enjoying a high degree of autonomy. It has strong relations with the Austrian state of Tyrol, especially since Austria's 1995 entry into the European Union, which has led to a common currency and a de facto disappearance of the borders.

The whole historic region of Tyrol, comprising the Austrian state of Tyrol and the Italian Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, forms a Euroregion, a region of intensified cross-border cooperation within the EU, called "Tyrol-South Tyrol-Trentino", and a joint Tyrolean parliament has been established, albeit with limited powers.

Linguistic and demographic history
At the time of its annexation, South Tyrol was inhabited by a large German-speaking majority. According to the census of 1910, which listed four groups according to their spoken language, the area was inhabited by approximately 89% German speakers, 3.8% Ladin, 2.9% Italian, and 4.3% speakers of other languages of the Austrian Empire, altogether 251,000 people. According to some sources, the census did not include some 9000 immigrants from Italy. However, from the official provincial statistics of the "Autonomous Province of South Tyrol" it appears that Italian citizens were indeed registered in the census, although not necessarily as Italian speakers.

In the following, the population is listed by language group, according to the censuses undertaken from 1880 to 2001. In absolute numbers: In percentages:

Secessionist movement
Given the region's historical and cultural association with neighboring Austria, calls for the secession of South Tyrol and its reunification with Austria are notable in the local and national political climate. Polls conducted in 2013 noted that 46% of South Tyrol's population would favor secession from Italy. Among the political parties that support South Tyrol's reunification into Austria are South Tyrolean Freedom, Die Freiheitlichen and Citizens' Union for South Tyrol.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: History of South Tyrol


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VFN

VFN in horticulture stands for Verticillium wilt, Fusarium, and Nematode disease resistance in tomatoes. Most hybrid tomato varieties are labeled with some combination of one or more of these three letters, since disease resistance is a large part of the reason to hybridize tomatoes.

title: VFN


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Over the Edge (Wipers album)

Over the Edge is the third studio album by American punk rock band Wipers, released in 1983.

Originally released on Brain Eater Records and Greg Sage's label, Trap, in 1983, it was later reissued by Restless Records, and then reissued and remastered on Sage's Zeno Records as part of the Wipers Box Set.

A different recording of "Romeo" was released as a 1982 single on Trap, with "No Solution" on the B-side.

Critical reception
Over the Edge has received, and continues to receive, critical acclaim like both of its predecessors. The album, Jack Rabid wrote for Trouser Press, "is as appealing [as Youth of America], with some of Sage’s most memorable songs. The thick title track [...], plus the simmering “Doom Town” and the roaring “So Young” define the Wipers’ dense, methodical, chunky aggression, with heavy, cloudy guitar." According to Andy Kellman of AllMusic, the album "is a kind of classic; it might have been created with guitars and drums, and it might have verse-chorus-verse song structures, but it's doubtful that Wipers were allowing any influences to creep into the record." "Despite the fusion of punk and pop," he notes, "the record hardly mirrors the bands that would later be called punk-pop. In fact, this collision of the two elements makes what followed decades later seem twee. There's just too much blood and sweat, and there's too much tightly wound tension released."

In a Pitchfork retrospective on the band, Nick Sylvester wrote that the album "has the needle moving back toward straight-up punk. There are tricks here, but they're under the hood, not as explicitly artsy as what was happening on Youth of America. To me, these are his best songs on nearly every level: concise and immediate but recorded in that contrarian, distinctly Sage-like way. [...] Like the first moments of Is This Real?, Over the Edge leads with a curious, stage-setting guitar tone. [...] [It] has nearly zero low-end information, as if Sage played it out of an alarm clock radio." "This one decision" he concludes, "is at the heart of what makes Over the Edge so beguiling-- immediate songs that sound out of reach." In a perfect score review of the album's reissue, Paul Rigby of Record Collector noted that "this brilliant 1983 album mixes pop and punk in a manner that lifts both genres without diluting either. With a strong, edgy presentation, Over The Edge releases the pressures of life directly into your head, while providing an originality all too often missing from their peers."

Legacy
In 1989, Dutch magazine OOR ranked it the 23rd best album of the 1980s. Along with the band's first two albums Is This Real? and Youth of America, Kurt Cobain listed Over the Edge in his top 50 albums of all time. The title track was covered by Hole, Mono Men, Bored!, Red Fang and several others. "Messenger" has been covered by Mazes.

title: Over the Edge (Wipers album)


text: Category:Indoor arenas in Russia

title: Category:Indoor arenas in Russia


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Talk:World of Warcraft/Archive 1

Versions
this is going to be a long list if it will be updated every patch, is that what should happen on wikipedia? how do other mmorpgs handle the list of their patches? should we regulate what gets posted, just a few lines / whole stories / a different page for it / links to worldofwarcraft site patch notes? --boneyard 13:21, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I think that the version section should be removed entirely and relevant features incorporated into the main body of the article. --Kevin 15:46, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)

I think the section should cover major patches, ie the content patches. Because some of the changes have drastically changed the game, for example the PvP honor system, has made many PvP server unplayable for people needing to grind. PPGMD 16:28, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I think any version section is a bad idea. Over time such a section would inevitably take over the page since Blizzard have a patch a month policy. --Kevin 15:17, May 1, 2005 (UTC)

 * we could just give the current version number and list per patch the major stuff, that shouldn't get too large. i do believe nowhere blizzard has stated they have a patch per month policy and certainly not a content patch a month policy. Boneyard

 * Blizzard promised a content patch a month which is why there was such uproar when they didn't deliver this. I'm in favour of replacing the Version section with "As of {date} World of Warcraft is operating version {version}"  and adding a See Also:  World of Warcraft version history.  What do you think? --Kevin 04:59, May 9, 2005 (UTC)

 * that would work with me also, all that info would simply be too much for the main page. still i believe they didn't promise anything patchwise and stated that clearly when people complained about not seeing monthly patches. Boneyard 10:48, 9 May 2005 (UTC)

 * As nobody has any objections to make about this I've gone ahead and move the version history to World of Warcraft version history. --Kevin 23:57, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)

 * Works for me, as long as we keep a short thing on the notable additions in the latest content patches. Beyond that I think that it can be moved to another article. PPGMD 15:00, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * always seemed like the smart thing todo in my opinion Boneyard 18:21, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Er.... doesnt Blizzard patch Weekly? On Tuesday at 10:00 AM? Those are minor patches usually but Battlegrounds came out on Tuesday morning... That would make it even harder to make a patch list.

No, Blizzard does not patch weekly. The servers are taken down weekly for maintenance and a hot-fix is sometimes but not usually applied. --Kevin 19:32, Jun 22, 2005 (UTC)

I would like a listing of major changes, so when a player returns from trying other games, they know how to adjust, and what new features & places to seek out.

Total Sales
Does anyone know how many copies/accounts of the game have been sold sa of March 1st? thaksn

 * The current figure stands somewhere at six million registered accounts. As for units sold, I'm not sure, but I suppose it's reasonable to estimate at least four million.

Ebay Sales
""Recently, Blizzard altered the End User License Agreement EULA to specifically forbid the real-world sale of in-game material (e.g., via eBay). They are the first MMORPG publisher to take this step. This move is designed to make play more accessible to the casual player.""

uh, that is simply not true, about every mmorpg doesn't allow ebay sales. enforcement differs, but it isn't allowed except a few special games. also blizzard isn't a publisher but a developer, where vivendi is the publisher i think. --boneyard 11:41, Feb 4, 2005 (UTC)

 * You're right and I fixed it. Don't forget to be bold and change it yourself next time you see an error. --Mrwojo 02:51, 8 Mar 2005 (UTC)

I think that companies like ige.com and the japanese game sweatshop money/item sellers are more of a problem than the sellers on ebay. In final fantasy xi the game economy was completely ruined until square-enix tooks steps (2 years after its release, better late than never) and booted hundreds of these type accounts after a notice of significant drop in player population (ironic). These sites have many resources and are on 24/7 which only the hardest of hard core players can do. Blizzard was one of the few developers to VERY publicly display there policy, and enforce it as well, which is rare for mmo devs. WoW also doesnt suffer from the usual item farming since most of them are instanced and bind on pick-up. I do appreciate the steps blizzard takes because i too am a casual player and enjoy the very reasonable prices in the game world. --Tik

Ambiguous wording
"" World of Warcraft picks up the Warcraft storyline four years after the conclusion reached in Blizzard's previous release, Warcraft III: The Frozen Throne. "" -- But the Frozen Throne expansion was released in 2003 if the page was correct. -- sydneyfong 12 Jan 2005 04:17 (GMT)
 * Well, the four years is four years of game time, not four years of "real" time since TFT was release - I have reworded it as: "World of Warcraft is set four years after the events at the conclusion of Blizzard's previous release, Warcraft III: The Frozen Throne", do you prefer that? --Stormie 06:11, Jan 12, 2005 (UTC)

CopyVio
This is directly from the World of Warcraft FAQ on Blizzard's site; pretty sure that's copyrighted. --ObscureAuthor 23:00, 27 Aug 2003 (UTC)

 * We should have an article on this, though. Ideally before it is actually released, to cash in on the interest around release date (so, some time before 2030 then). Martin 01:17, 26 Nov 2003 (UTC)

 * New article written, not a copyvio (and old version excised from history). --Delirium 23:06, Dec 1, 2003 (UTC)

Added WoW to WarI
I moved some content added about WoW in the Warcraft I article (an image). Seems like there's some confusion about that one, with people thinking it's one for the Warcraft Universe. The initial paragraph in it clearly shows it's the article for Warcraft: Orcs & Humans. If one is needed for the universe, I think we need a new article. Not sure it's necessary though. So now there's two images here which might be a little much, although I personally think it's OK as long as we don't add *yet* another. :-) -- Jugalator 22:29, 26 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Rest state removal
I deleted a small section mentioning the rest state. I removed this for two reasons. First, the information was incorrect as Blizzard has recently changed the rest-state implementation. Second, it is only one of many changes that Blizzard is implementing to try and improve upon other MMORPGS. Maybe a section for major differences is appropriate? --Turias 21:15, Jul 19, 2004 (UTC)

Page Appearance
I just edited this page using a Mac, and it appears that sections starting from General infomation got pushed down below the pictures....i didn't touch any of that during my edit... o.O

and this is not the only page where the appearance is different from the actual coding(as seen on a Mac)... maybe it's the syntax of either IE for Mac or it's just wiki's language has some faults with how it's displayed on a Mac — LegolasGreenleaf 22:16, Nov 23, 2004 (UTC)

 * IE on a mac is reported to be the worst browser available. Even safari is better.  I'd suggest Mozilla Camino  or Mozilla Firefox or even Mozilla as an alternative. --TIB (talk) 04:12, Nov 25, 2004 (UTC)

 * thanks...i'm actually stuck with a desktop running winxp... the mac i used was at school so... i tried safari a few times and on some websites it wouldn't even load... =/ i should give Mozilla Firefox a try — LegolasGreenleaf 09:30, Nov 28, 2004 (UTC)

This is what the images currently look like to me, using Firefox 1.0 on Windows XP. Should they be overlapping the horizontal bars like that?
 * --Kevin 14:15, Nov 28, 2004 (UTC)

 * Hey i have not noticed that actually... it overlapped the bar on IE6 as well. I am using win 2000 at a school computer, i will check it out later at home.  argh this computer has a messed up keyboard, whenever i want to type the apostrophe ( ' ), it turns out to be � ... screw that — LegolasGreenleaf 01:34, Nov 29, 2004 (UTC)

Wiki Overload
Recently I've noticed on the official forums that this http://www.wowwiki.com seems to be the best. The best, why, one may ask... Simple. The creator of the most popular UI Mod, "Cosmos", has officially endorsed it. Yet we don't list it. I said "No more wikis", as there are many already, but this wowwiki.com is just too good to not add. If someone could do some checking on the quality of these other wikis and if they have enough unique information (asin, not on wowwiki.com or another comprehensive wiki) keep them, else dump them (preferably post them here so they don't get lost in the history). Thanks. --TIB (talk) 06:13, Nov 27, 2004 (UTC)

 * I atleast think we should add non-english wiki sites to the list. To me, having Cosmos endorse it means nothing. Plus, Wiki is all about information. And excluding sites because there are so called "better" out there is wrong. And if this is the case we should remove WoWwiki.com aswell. Havok 20:57, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Why should we add non-English links to the English article? Add some to the appropriate language article if you like.  Wikipedia is about providing the best, most accurate information and none of these two-bit wikis would actualy contribute anything to the article. --Kevin 01:00, Jun 18, 2005 (UTC)

The Forsaken are not the Undead
There is a reason why Blizzard removed the racial trait of that the Forsaken can't stay in underwater for an unlimited time and the fact that the Paladin's skill of Finding Undead doesn't work on them anymore. Blizzard changed status of Forsaken from 'Undead' to 'Humanoid'. This is because (and quoting a Blizzard official) "the Forsaken are not the Undead. They are the Forsaken."

I suggest we make changes regarding to comply with that as soon as possible. Mastgrr 13:37, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Whilst The Forsaken are not (in terms of game mechanics) "undead", the race available to players is referred to exclusively as Undead, not Forsaken (see ). The choices of Horde races is always listed as Orcs, Tauren, Undead and Trolls (see ), and thus I think it is not really correct for our article to say "The Horde consists of Orcs, Tauren, Forsaken, and Trolls." —Stormie 23:55, Dec 8, 2004 (UTC)

 * While within the Story line they are the Forsaken, that is simply not the phrase that Blizzard is using for them, they are the undead. Their change of status from Undead to Humuniod was to even up PvP combat, otherwise the Undead would be in a distinct disadvantage to some of the various undead aimed spells, by making them humoniod it solved that. This change also made it more even the humuniod trackers, as the undead would only show up in track undead otherwise, while the Alliance has no such race that doesn't show up. PPGMD

I have changed "Forsaken" to "Undead" in our article under General Information as the official WoW site refers to the player race as "Undead" ... also put "(A.K.A. Forsaken)" and keeping the existing link there, hopefully this makes everyone happy. JubalHarshaw 16:41, 10 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Works for me! —Stormie 19:00, Mar 10, 2005 (UTC)

 * Correct me if I am wrong, but isn't Undead a general term, and the Forsaken are the Undead that escaped the Lich King's control? And the rest of the undead are the Scourge? 84.94.140.214 16:45, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * After the Beta Blizzard change the name from Undead to Forsaken as to not confuse people who play as Paladin. Seeing as they have Undead only spells, which do not work on the Forsaken. I might be wrong on this, but there was a huge debate about it on the forums while beta was active. Havok 16:58, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * They have been called Undead since release. It was during one of the early patches that they had their status changed from Undead to Humaniod. PPGMD 18:26, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Links
wowwiki.com is a good site, but from what i've seen of it, it is very developer focused. It has a lot of great info about the API and doing mods for the UI, however, it is poor at best when it comes to game info. Mostly I think it's one of the UGLIEST sites i've ever read. here is a fine example: http://www.wowwiki.com/Guilds

The absolute best site to list is http://www.thottbot.com honestly no other site even comes close when it comes to game info.

There are some other wiki sites around, however since they are less known, they have less users, so less users mean less people to edit. It's a chicken before the egg kind of thing.

Then of course there are users like: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Stormie

who "just happens" to also be: http://www.wowwiki.com/index.php?title=User:Stormie Go figure...

So I maintain that no wiki sites should be listed unless all are listed. Link to official sites only to remain unbiased.

 * Are you suggesting I am affiliated with wowwiki.com? I found out it existed from this article here, surfed over there, and made a couple of updates. You may notice that I've made a small handful of edits there compared to 5000 or so here.

 * One good point - thottbot should definitely be linked from this article. As far as I know it is a unique concept in that it gathers its info direct from the game via Cosmos, and you are certainly correct that no other site comes close when it comes to game info. Anyone object?

 * My personal opposition to adding your Wiki to the links is that according to it's recent changes you're only getting a few edits per day. It hardly seems like a major site.

 * Although, imho, all of the WoW wikis are extremely disappointing. The original idea was that linking to them would reduce the inclination of people to add excessive game detail to this article, but frankly I'm not sure that any of them are blossoming into useful enough sites to be worth a link. wowwiki is, as you say, very developer focused, and also appears to be pretty much broken at this point in time. wikiwow is full of red-links for the most basic topics, and only getting a couple of dozen updates a day.

 * What does anyone else think? —Stormie 09:06, Jan 6, 2005 (UTC)

 * You're both right about how Thottbot should be linked. It's essentially the Google of WoW – people will answer questions just by saying "www.thottbot.com". I went ahead and added it. modargo 09:29, 11 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * I was wondering, should Allakhazam be added as well? It also covers a variety of aspects about the game and has helpful guides for use.  Perhaps Thottbot is enough, I thought I'd just through that out there since many players also are familliar with Allakhazam because of their work on other games -Derktar 18:55, Jan 31, 2005 (UTC).

 * I think that Thottbot and the WoW forums are enough for guides, what u cant find on the bot you can surely ask about in one of the many forum topics and get an answer (and at least one calling you a newb) to help u out. -Tik

Though I am not the person that added Worldofwar.net, I think that it should be added in. In particular a link to it's map section, because they have the most complete map section I have seen so far. Another site that I think should be added should be a like to the mods section of curse-gaming.com. PPGMD 14:51, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Good call on curse-gaming.com - as someone who checks their "latest updates" page more often than my Wikipedia watchlist these day, I certainly think they're the most significant UI mod site, and I do think that that is a significant distinguishing feature of WoW. But we could really do with a paragraph about UI modding in the article. It'd be grand if someone wanted to take a stab at it, if not I'll see if I can whip something up in the next few days. I'm not so sure about worldofwar.net though - remember that any links here are supposed to illustrate and expand on an encyclopedia article about the game, not a guide to the game for players. Maybe if we broke out another subsection of External Links, called "Game info" or something, and moved Thottbot, Allakhazam and Goblin Workshop there along with maybe worldofwar.net? What's anyone else think? —Stormie 23:29, Apr 24, 2005 (UTC)

Miscellaneous
Googled for "World of Warcraft" cedega (trying to get it to run on Linux - I know it can, just needed instructions) and I found this: http://www.answers.com/topic/world-of-warcraft I don't know the legality of it, but it would appear that answers.com is using stuff straight from wikipedia. I don't think this is a legal issue (I forget the licensing) just figured I'd mention it. -Kcnbac

title: Talk:World of Warcraft/Archive 1


text:
Ozolua

Ozolua, originally known as Prince Okpame, was the fifteenth Oba of the Kingdom of Benin who reigned from c. 1483 AD. He greatly expanded the Kingdom through warfare and increased contact with the Portuguese Empire, and was later called Ozolua n'Ibaromi, meaning Ozolua the Conqueror in Edo. He was an important Oba in the history of the Kingdom of Benin and retains importance in the folklore and celebrations of the region.

History
Prince Okpame was the third and the youngest son of Ewuare who had significantly expanded the Kingdom of Benin during his reign from 1440 until 1473. Following the death of Ewuare, his eldest surviving son, Esi, was assassinated by a poison arrow at his coronation and his second oldest son, Olua, ruled with significant domestic dissent for seven years. After a short-lived rule of the kingdom by a collection of chieftains, Prince Okpame was named the Oba in 1483 after a three-year interregnum and took the name Ozolua.

His rule was defined largely by significant military expansion of the Kingdom of Benin. This included a successful attack against the Kingdom of Owo. While historical accounts of the battle differ, the result left Owo with its independence while still requiring that it pay tribute to Benin. In diplomatic exchanges with the Portuguese, he claimed to have been victorious in over 200 battles. These victories earned him the title Ozolua n'Ibarmoi, meaning Ozolua the Conqueror in Edo, and in statues and artwork he is often displayed as a great warrior.

Although limited trade and contact with the Portuguese had begun under his father Ewuare, the contact expanded significantly under Ozolua with Portuguese explorer John Alfonso d'Aveiro entering the capital Benin City in 1485 and accompanying Ozolua, although not participating, in war. Ozolua was intrigued by the possibilities of firearms for expansion of the kingdom but was informed by d'Aveiro that firearm trade was only possible with Christian allies of the Portuguese. As a result, Ozolua sent an ambassador to Portugal in the early 1500s to propose missionary activity in the kingdom and a royal conversion to Christianity in exchange for trade in firearms (at least one source indicates that he himself went to Portugal at some point ). The Portuguese did not agree, but did send a group of missionaries to the kingdom in 1514. The missionaries soon left, as the kingdom was not interested in Christianity unless this was coupled to the facilitation of trade in firearms.

Succession
The end of Ozolua's reign is bound with a number of important folktales in the region. It is known that he had two sons, Esigie and Arhuahan and that at the end of his reign there was a war regarding royal succession between the two brothers and Esigie became the new Oba of the Benin Kingdom. One popular story holds that in his old age, Ozolua mistakenly named his son Arhuahan the ruler of Udo (a small village in the Kingdom) rather than the ruler of Edo (or Benin City, the capital of the Kingdom). Regardless, the confusion brings the two sons into warfare. According to the tale, Arhuahan brings together a substantial force and with significant confidence tells the people remaining in his city that if he fails to be victorious they should throw every possession of his into the nearby lake. As his army pushes to Benin City, the resident of the city and Esigie's army flee to avoid battle. Arhuahan returns disappointed that he did not have the chance at victory and the villagers seeing his dejected return assume the worst and throw his possessions into the lake, he follows his possessions never to be seen again.

Although sources agree on the general date of the end of his reign at 1504, they disagree on the date of death. Hastings claims that he was deposed in 1504 and assassinated by military leaders when the promise of firearms did not materialize. Most other sources date his death from natural causes to 1520.

title: Ozolua


text:
Botong Francisco

Carlos Modesto "Botong" Villaluz Francisco (November 4, 1912 – March 31, 1969) was a Filipino muralist from Angono, Rizal.

Early life
Francisco was a most distinguished practitioner of mural painting for many decades and best known for his historical pieces. He was one of the first Filipino modernists along with Galo Ocampo and Victorio C. Edades who broke away from Fernando Amorsolo's romanticism of Philippine scenes. According to restorer Helmuth Josef Zotter, Francisco's art "is a prime example of linear painting where lines and contours appear like cutouts."

Later career
Francisco served as the production designer for the 1961 film adaptation of José Rizal's Noli Me Tángere.

He was responsible for the discovery of the now famous Angono Petroglyphs in 1965. He was also involved in Costume Design in Philippine cinema.

His great works include portrayals of the Blood Compact, First Mass at Limasawa, The Martyrdom of Rizal, Bayanihan, Magpupukot, Fiesta, Bayanihan sa Bukid, Sandugo, Portrait of Purita, The Invasion of Limahong, Serenade, and Muslim Betrothal. Some of his murals have suffered big damage over the years. The "Pageant of Commerce" emerged from several years of restoration in 2000.

His murals, The Progress of Medicine in the Philippines, was restored for the 3rd time in 2007 and is currently residing in the National Art Gallery of the Philippines. A high-quality replica of the mural is also located at its previous location at the lobby of the Philippine General Hospital.

Francisco's last work is the Camote Diggers which was left unfinished.

Death
Botong died on March 31, 1969, in Angono, Rizal, Philippines.

title: Botong Francisco


text: Category:Indoor arenas in Belgium

title: Category:Indoor arenas in Belgium


text:
Flowers in the Dirt

Flowers in the Dirt is the eighth solo studio album by Paul McCartney. The album was released on 5 June 1989 on Parlophone, as he was embarking on his first world tour since the Wings Over the World tour in 1975–76. It earned McCartney some of his best reviews for an album of original songs since Tug of War (1982). The album made number one in the United Kingdom and Norway and produced several hit singles (the first being "My Brave Face"). The album artwork was a collaboration between artist Brian Clarke, who painted the canvas and arranged the flowers, and Linda McCartney, who produced the cover photography.

The album was reissued in an expanded form under the Paul McCartney Archive Collection project in March 2017, with the original demos recorded by McCartney and Elvis Costello included as part of the release.

Background and recording
After the meagre sales for Press to Play, McCartney realised that he needed to work much harder on his follow-up. Thus, he not only teamed up with several different producers, but also spent the better part of 18 months perfecting Flowers in the Dirt. A highlight of the sessions was McCartney's alliance with Elvis Costello, with whom he composed many new songs. In his 2015 autobiography, Unfaithful Music & Disappearing Ink, Costello described the track "That Day Is Done" as, "the unhappy sequel to 'Veronica'", which they had also co-written. Despite Costello's similarities to John Lennon, the partnership was not to endure. McCartney's then manager, Richard Ogden, confided at the time to Beatles historian Mark Lewisohn that the relationship between Costello and the former Beatle was "not entirely harmonious" and that at points McCartney had gone as far as to rant at him regarding Costello's attitude and approach to the sessions. Costello would appear on the album, even co-singing "You Want Her Too" with McCartney. Another guest included was his friend David Gilmour from Pink Floyd, who plays the guitar on "We Got Married". On "Put It There", McCartney used an old Buddy Holly trick, the knee-percussion, that McCartney recorded on the same day as the backing track.

Cover art
The album cover was conceived and designed by the McCartneys' friend and collaborator, the British artist Brian Clarke, who painted the background painting in oil on canvas. Clarke arranged the flowers and foliage and the cover was photographed by Linda McCartney. The two collaborated on multiple unique arrangements, resulting in Linda's series of Cibachrome images. Clarke was also responsible for designing stage sets and promotional material for the world tour which accompanied the album. A series of Flowers in the Dirt paintings and arrangements were made, and the full set of collaborative photographs that produced the cover artwork were exhibited that same year at the Mayor Gallery in London.

Release
With the intention of launching the biggest tour of his career, McCartney assembled a band to take out on the road, and who would appear in various forms on Flowers in the Dirt. Hamish Stuart was best known for his tenure in Average White Band, while Robbie McIntosh had been a member of the Pretenders. Filling out the sound would be Chris Whitten on drums and Paul "Wix" Wickens joining McCartney's wife Linda McCartney on keyboards. The Paul McCartney World Tour opened on 26 September 1989 and featured concerts in Europe, North America, Japan and Brazil until the following July.

Finally, early in 1989, the project was ready for release. In May, the Beatlesque "My Brave Face" was released as a single and promptly gave McCartney a US hit, reaching number 25, while reaching number 18 in the UK. In June, Flowers in the Dirt was released to high anticipation and went to number 1 in the UK charts, garnering very positive reviews from all around. In the US, the reaction was better than Press to Play, with the album reaching number 21, staying on the charts for a year and going gold, though it still sold beneath expectations. The second single, "This One", also reached number 18 in the UK. The follow-ups "Figure of Eight"/"Où est le Soleil?" and "Put It There" would all be minor UK hits.

A limited-edition "World Tour Pack" of Flowers in the Dirt, sold in a facsimile trunk, was issued in Britain in October 1989, and America (with British catalogue numbers) in January 1990. The set included a bonus single of "Party Party" (mixed by Bruce Forest and released on a one-sided 7" single in vinyl editions of the "World Tour Pack" and a 3" CD-single in compact disc editions of the "World Tour Pack").

In March 1990, another limited edition of the album that featured a bonus disc with b-sides and exclusive track, studio version of "P.S. Love Me Do", was released exclusively in Japan and re-entered the country's chart.

Critical reception
In a retrospective review for AllMusic, critic Stephen Thomas Erlewine wrote of the album: "Paul McCartney must not only have been conscious of his slipping commercial fortunes, he must have realised that his records hadn't been treated seriously for years, so he decided to make a full-fledged comeback effort with Flowers in the Dirt."

Writing for the Chicago Tribune, David Silverman wrote that the album was "a welcome, if not wholly fantastic, return from the fabbest of the Fab Four".

Cover versions
Phil Keaggy covered "Motor of Love" on his 2000 album Inseparable and on his 2012 album The Cover of Love.

Track listing

 * Additional CD and cassette track

 * Bonus single on the World Tour Pack edition

Reissues
A remastered CD was released in 1993 as part of The Paul McCartney Collection with three bonus tracks: "Back On My Feet", "Flying to My Home" and "Loveliest Thing".

Archive Collection Reissue
The album was re-issued on March 24, 2017, by Capitol Music Group as the tenth release in the ongoing Paul McCartney Archive Collection. Formats included a two-disc (CD) Special Edition (the second disc included McCartney and Costello's demos recorded prior to the album's sessions), a two LP vinyl edition, and a three disc (CD) and DVD Deluxe Edition Box Set that featured previously unreleased demos, unseen archival videos, a notebook of Paul's handwritten lyrics and notes, Linda McCartney Flowers in the Dirt Exhibition Catalogue, and a 112-page hardcover book documenting the making of the album.

The album features the song "The Lovers That Never Were". Costello said of the song:

"The real lost gem from that batch of songs – one of these days one of us should cut it – is 'The Lovers That Never Were.' In its original condition, it's like something Dusty Springfield or Jackie DeShannon would have recorded. Paul straightened it out in the studio [for 1993's Off the Ground album] and wanted it to go a different way, but the demo is, I'd say, one of the great vocal performances of his solo career. He's standing up playing a twelve-string guitar and, weirdly enough, I'm playing piano, just thinking, 'Don't fuck up! He's really singing this!' He's singing a ballad in the voice of 'I'm Down'! He's right over my shoulder singing all this wild, distorted stuff! I had never heard him do that before."

"So Like Candy" and "Playboy to a Man" appear in finished versions on Elvis Costello’s 1991 album Mighty Like a Rose.

 * Special Edition two-CD; the original 13-track album on the first disc, plus 9 bonus tracks of Paul and Elvis's previously unreleased original demos on a second disc;
 * Best Buy Special Edition two-CD + 7-inch single; same as Special Edition with additional "My Brave Face" b/w "Flying to My Home" limited collectors 7-inch vinyl coloured single;
 * Deluxe Edition three-CD/one-DVD;
 * the original 13-track disc one remastered for all the new configurations at Abbey Road Studios;
 * 18 bonus audio tracks across two discs, featuring previously unreleased demos, written and performed by Paul with Elvis Costello;
 * three unheard cassette demos, as well as a collection of original B-sides, remixes and single edits as digital downloads only;
 * a 32-page notebook of Paul's handwritten lyrics and notes, a catalogue for Linda McCartney's 1989 Flowers in the Dirt photo exhibition, a 64-page photo book featuring the music videos for 'This One', and a 112-page book telling the story of making of the album;
 * a DVD includes all the music videos from the album, three new short films with unseen archive material that show some of the creation process of the album and the documentary Put It There originally released on VHS in 1989;
 * an access to downloadable 24bit 96 kHz high-resolution audio versions of the remastered album and bonus audio tracks.
 * Remastered vinyl two-album with a download card. The first album includes the remastered album but in keeping with the original vinyl release does not include "Où Est Le Soleil?" (this track is available with the accompanying digital download). The second album includes McCartney's and Costello's previously unreleased original demos;
 * Digital Download Digital album available as both standard and special versions.
 * Record Store Day 2017 exclusive three-track cassette with demos of "I Don't Want to Confess", "Shallow Grave" and "Mistress and Maid" as in deluxe edition

Disc 1 The original 13-track album.

Disc 2 – Paul McCartney and Elvis Costello original demos All songs written and performed by Paul McCartney and Declan McManus (Elvis Costello), as an acoustic duo.
 * 1) "The Lovers That Never Were" – 3:58
 * 2) "Tommy's Coming Home" – 4:09
 * 3) "Twenty Fine Fingers" – 2:27
 * 4) "So Like Candy" – 3:29
 * 5) "You Want Her Too" – 2:40
 * 6) "That Day Is Done" – 4:16
 * 7) "Don't Be Careless Love" – 3:43
 * 8) "My Brave Face" – 2:40
 * 9) "Playboy to a Man" – 3:15
 * 10) *"The Lovers That Never Were" (Geoff Emerick mix) – 4:05

The Geoff Emerick mix of "The Lovers That Never Were" is a hidden bonus track.

Disc 3 – Paul McCartney and Elvis Costello 1988 demos All songs written and performed by Paul McCartney and Declan McManus (Elvis Costello), with full band accompaniment.
 * 1) "The Lovers That Never Were" – 3:50
 * 2) "Tommy's Coming Home" – 5:03
 * 3) "Twenty Fine Fingers" – 2:47
 * 4) "So Like Candy" – 3:48
 * 5) "You Want Her Too" – 3:20
 * 6) "That Day Is Done" – 4:22
 * 7) "Don't Be Careless Love" – 3:25
 * 8) "My Brave Face" – 3:30
 * 9) "Playboy to a Man" – 2:55

Disc 4 – DVD
 * Music Videos
 * 1) "My Brave Face"
 * 2) "My Brave Face" (version 2)
 * 3) "This One" (version 1)
 * 4) "This One" (version 2)
 * 5) "Figure of Eight"
 * 6) "Party Party"
 * 7) "Ou Est Le Soleil?"
 * 8) "Put It There"
 * 9) "Distractions"
 * 10) "We Got Married"

 * Creating Flowers in the Dirt
 * 1) Paul and Elvis
 * 2) Buds in the Studio
 * 3) The Making of "This One" (The Dean Chamberlain One)

 * Put It There
 * 1) Put It There Documentary

Digital download only – original B-sides, remixes and single edits All songs written by Paul McCartney except "Back on My Feet" written with Declan McManus (Elvis Costello), "The First Stone" written with Hamish Stuart, and "Party Party" written with Linda McCartney, Robbie McIntosh, Hamish Stuart, Chris Whitten, and Paul "Wix" Wickens.

 * 1) "Back On My Feet" – 4:24
 * 2) "Flying To My Home" – 4:15
 * 3) "The First Stone" – 4:06
 * 4) "Good Sign" – 6:59
 * 5) "This One" (Club Lovejoys mix) – 6:11
 * 6) "Figure of Eight" (12-inch Bob Clearmountain mix) – 5:14
 * 7) "Loveliest Thing" – 4:03
 * 8) "Ou Est Le Soleil?" (12-inch mix) – 7:06
 * 9) "Ou Est Le Soleil?" (Tub Dub mix) – 4:30
 * 10) "Ou Est Le Soleil?" (7-inch mix) – 4:53
 * 11) "Ou Est Le Soleil?" (instrumental) – 4:29
 * 12) "Party Party" (original mix) – 5:32
 * 13) "Party Party" (club mix) – 6:21

Digital download only – Paul McCartney and Elvis Costello cassette demos All songs written and performed by Paul McCartney and Declan McManus (Elvis Costello).
 * 1) "I Don't Want to Confess" – 2:21
 * 2) "Shallow Grave" – 2:14
 * 3) "Mistress and Maid" – 2:29

Digital-only bonus tracks Available only on Paulmccartney.com
 * 1) "Distractions" (demo) – 4:56
 * 2) "This One" (demo) – 3:26
 * 3) "Back On My Feet" (demo) – 3:23

Personnel

 * Paul McCartney – vocals (lead and backing), guitar (acoustic, bass guitar, electric, 12-string and Mexican), piano, synthesizer, drums, tambourine, percussion, celeste, sitar, wine glasses, harmonium, hand claps, finger snaps, mellotron, flugelhorn, bongos, keyboards, woodsaw
 * Linda McCartney – Minimoog, backing vocals, hand claps
 * Robbie McIntosh – guitar (acoustic and electric)
 * Hamish Stuart – guitar (electric, acoustic and bass guitar), percussion, backing vocals
 * Chris Whitten – drums, percussion, hand claps, synth drums
 * Paul Wickens – keyboards
 * Elvis Costello – vocals (backing and co-lead), keyboards
 * David Gilmour – electric guitar on "We Got Married"
 * Greg Hawkes – keyboards on "Motor of Love"
 * David Foster – keyboards on "We Got Married"
 * Dave Mattacks – drums on "We Got Married"
 * Guy Barker – trumpet
 * Stephen Lipson – computer & drum programming, guitar (electric and bass), keyboards
 * Peter Henderson – computer programming
 * Trevor Horn – keyboards, hand claps, backing vocals
 * Nicky Hopkins – piano
 * Mitchell Froom – keyboards
 * David Rhodes – EBow guitar on "My Brave Face"
 * Judd Lander – harmonica
 * Chris Davis – saxophone
 * Chris White – saxophone
 * Dave Bishop – saxophone
 * John Taylor – cornet
 * Tony Goddard – cornet
 * Ian Peters – euphonium
 * Ian Harper – tenor horn
 * Jah Bunny – tongue styley
 * Eddie Klein – additional computer programming
 * Clare Fischer – orchestral arrangement on "Distractions"

 * George Martin - orchestral arrangements on "Put It There"

Grammy Awards

 * width="35" align="center"|1990 || Flowers in the Dirt || Best Engineered Non-classical Album || Nominated
 * width="35" align="center"|1990 || Flowers in the Dirt || Best Engineered Non-classical Album || Nominated

Brit Awards

 * width="35" align="center" |1990|| "My Brave Face" || Best Music Video || Nominated
 * width="35" align="center" |1990|| "My Brave Face" || Best Music Video || Nominated

Certifications and sales
Notes
 * A^ Aside from standard version, Double-CD deluxe edition subtitled Special Package released in Japan. In 1990, it peaked at No. 27 on the chart and entered there for 4 weeks.
 * B^ Combined sales of standard edition and its expanded reissue.

title: Flowers in the Dirt


text:
User:Fnerg

Argh. Just, argh.

Who are you?

title: User:Fnerg


text: Category:Indoor arenas in Hungary

title: Category:Indoor arenas in Hungary


text:
PolyEdit

PolyEdit is a compact multipurpose word processor and text editor for Microsoft Windows. It has been developed by PolySoft Solutions since 1998.

The program can be downloaded as PolyEdit Lite, which is free for home use. A paid-for version is also available.

PolyEdit can compress and encrypt documents saved in its native Enhanced Text Format (*.etf), using the Blowfish and SHA-1 algorithms. It can embed OLE objects and images (the latter including PNG files, JPEGs, BMPs, GIFs, and icons). The program supports basic tables and multiple columns, as well as hyperlinks, and features syntax highlighting for C++ and other programming languages. Another feature is PolyEdit's email client, which has a simple address book with an import feature.

Reception
PolyEdit has been criticized by several reviewers for lacking some standard word processing features such as support for footnotes and PDF export.

title: PolyEdit


text: Category:Indoor arenas in Italy

title: Category:Indoor arenas in Italy


text:
WUPW

WUPW (channel 36) is a television station in Toledo, Ohio, United States, affiliated with the Fox network. It is owned by American Spirit Media, which maintains a joint sales agreement (JSA) with Tegna Inc., owner of CBS affiliate WTOL (channel 11), for the provision of certain services. The two stations share studios on North Summit Street in downtown Toledo; WUPW's transmitter is located on Corduroy Road in Oregon, Ohio.

History

The station went on-air September 22, 1985, as an independent with an analog signal on UHF channel 36. It originally had the call sign WDMA-TV but was changed to its present-day calls before its first sign-on. Originally, WUPW was owned by a consortium of local investors and private companies. The station's original studios were located at Four SeaGate on North Summit Street in Downtown Toledo. It became a charter Fox affiliate on October 6, 1986. It was sold to Atlanta-based Ellis Communications in 1993. Three years later, that company was sold to a group led by the Retirement Systems of Alabama who merged with AFLAC's broadcasting group to form Raycom Media.

In 1998, Raycom announced that it would acquire Malrite Communications Group, the owner of NBC affiliate WNWO-TV (channel 24). In order to complete Raycom's acquisition of Malrite (which would be finalized in 1999), WUPW was spun off to Sunrise Television due to Federal Communications Commission (FCC) rules at the time prohibiting common ownership of two stations in the same market. WNWO was longer-established and Raycom opted to keep that station over WUPW. Sunrise Television was absorbed into LIN TV in May 2002. Raycom sold WNWO to Barrington Broadcasting in 2006 after its merger with the Liberty Corporation gave it ownership of CBS affiliate WTOL.

Until 2001, WUPW was the only over-the-air television station in the area to air cartoons weekday afternoons as the local WB affiliate, WT05, was cable exclusive. In early June 2007, WUPW, along with three other LIN TV-owned Fox affiliates switched their websites over to Fox Interactive Media's "MyFox" platform, becoming the first Fox stations not owned and operated by the network to adopt the site. WUPW later dropped MyFox in favor of a new site platform co-developed by LIN and Fox, spun off as the independent company EndPlay.

On January 11, 2012, it was reported that LIN Media would sell WUPW to Charlotte-based American Spirit Media (owned by Thomas B. Henson) for $22 million. As part of the acquisition, WUPW entered into a joint sales agreement (JSA) with Raycom Media's WTOL; three other American Spirit Media stations are located in markets with a Raycom-owned "Big Three" network affiliated station, and the American Spirit Media stations in all three of those markets are also operated by Raycom through JSAs. The acquisition and joint sales agreement was finalized by the two stations on April 20, 2012. All remaining WUPW staff now operates from WTOL's facility, but WUPW's management and sales departments remain separate from their WTOL counterparts.

On June 25, 2018, Atlanta-based Gray Television announced it had reached an agreement with Raycom to merge their respective broadcasting assets (consisting of Raycom's 63 existing owned-and/or-operated television stations, and Gray's 93 television stations) under Gray's corporate umbrella, in a cash-and-stock merger transaction valued at $3.6 billion. Because Gray owned WTVG (which the company acquired in 2014 from SJL Broadcasting), and since WTOL and WTVG rank among the four highest-rated stations in the Toledo market in total day viewership, Gray announced that it would retain WTVG and sell WTOL to Tegna Inc. in order to comply with FCC ownership rules; the JSA involving WUPW would be included in the sale of WTOL. The deal was completed on January 2, 2019.

Carriage disputes
On October 2, 2008, Time Warner Cable's contract to carry WUPW expired and the cable system lost the right to carry the station's programming as a result. On October 29, the station and Time Warner Cable reached a contract for carrying both analog and high definition signals. However, customers in Erie County (except the immediate Sandusky area) and Huron County no longer receive WUPW on local cable. This area is included in Time Warner Cable's Northeast Ohio region and is served accordingly by Cleveland's WJW.

On December 12, 2012, at 5 p.m., Buckeye CableSystem ceased broadcasting of WUPW, due to a dispute between the cable system, American Spirit and Raycom Media. The dispute was over the increase in rates to carry the station in light of its low ratings and American Spirit's purchase of WUPW, in which they gave control of the station to WTOL. Since that date, CableSystem viewers saw a notice about the dispute in WUPW's channel position explaining the dispute. WUPW would return to Buckeye's lineup on January 21, 2013.

Charter Communications/Fox restrictions
WUPW was dropped in 2012 from Charter Communications for southeastern Michigan subscribers due to new Fox contractual restrictions disallowing duplicative carriage of out-of-market Fox affiliates to protect the network's ratings and local station revenue; in this case Fox's owned-and-operated Detroit station WJBK (channel 2) serves as the affiliate in that market. WUPW could air in the market, but only if most programming, including all Fox programming, except for local newscasts, infomercials and syndicated programming not claimed by any Detroit station was blacked out, so Charter (which has also had major issues in Michigan with WJBK's carriage outside of Detroit over the years) chose to drop the station completely. This issue has also affected many other markets and Fox affiliates, and 'market exclusivity' clauses are now common in new network agreements overall.

2017–18 American Spirit Media/DirecTV and AT&T U-verse dispute
WUPW's parent company, American Spirit Media, failed to renew its retransmission contract with DirecTV/AT&T U-verse upon its expiration on August 31, 2017. After a three-week extension period passed with both parties failing to agree on a new contract, American Spirit Media withdrew permission for DirecTV/AT&T U-verse to retransmit the signals of its stations as of 11:59 p.m. EDT on September 21. The dispute lasted for four months before a resolution was reached on January 30, 2018.

This dispute was particularly frustrating for viewers in the Toledo market, as it coincided with the beginning of the 2017–18 television season, the Major League Baseball postseason, the National Football League regular season, and the college football regular season. Viewers in WUPW's market were unable through DirecTV/AT&T U-verse to watch Fox network coverage of Detroit Lions games, the 2017 ALCS, the 2017 World Series, and numerous college football games, including several Ohio State football games

The blackout also included Fox's first ever broadcast of "The Game" against Michigan, which has defined the rivalry between the two states, since the 1835–36 Toledo War that affected the region's boundaries itself.

News operation
, WTOL produces $18 1/2$ hours of locally produced newscasts each week for WUPW (with $3 1/2$ hours each weekday and a half-hour each on Saturdays and Sundays). As the SSA partner of WTOL, the station may also simulcast long-form severe weather coverage in the event that a tornado warning is issued for any county in its northwestern Ohio viewing area.

On January 28, 1996, WUPW began to air a weeknight prime time newscast produced by CBS affiliate WTOL, Fox 36 News at 10, which was discontinued on July 31, 2000, with the debut of a new independently produced newscast, Fox Toledo News at 10. The broadcast was extended to an hour on August 6, 2001, with a five-minute "Fastcast" review of news, weather, and sports ending at 11 while also expanding to seven nights a week. The news operation quickly established itself as critically acclaimed, with their newscasts winning several Lower Great Lakes Emmy Awards and citations from the Associated Press of Ohio for overall excellence.

On January 5, 2004, WUPW launched Fox Toledo News First at 4 on weekdays with the nightly 10 o'clock show renamed as First at 10 and an updated set and new graphics. In November 2006, this station took over third-place ranking in viewership in the November ratings period, a position previously held by WNWO. In September 2010, the station began to offer limited morning news and weather cut-ins in a two-hour programming block of syndicated sitcoms known as The Morning Zone.

September 24, 2007, saw the expansion of First at 4 to an hour. This newscast was canceled on January 11, 2010, and replaced with a show that airs weeknights at 6:30 against national news programs seen on the big three networks. Its weather radar is currently known as "StormTrack Doppler". Throughout its existence, WUPW's news department has won many awards. The channel maintains partnerships with the Toledo Free Press, Bowling Green Sentinel-Tribune, Findlay Living Magazine, Wauseon Fulton County Expositor, and at one time, on WNWT AM 1520.

In early January 2012, long time news anchor Laura Emerson left the station and moved to Kentucky to join NBC affiliate WPSD. Laura Emerson had been with WUPW for over 16 years and had been with the station since its very first newscast in 1996. Her final broadcast at WUPW was on January 6, 2012. She has since returned to Toledo on WNWO-TV.

As a result of its sale to American Spirit Media, WUPW's in-house news department was shut down and WTOL took over production of the station's newscasts on April 23, 2012; which included 6:30 and 10 p.m. newscasts aired by WUPW beginning on April 23, 2012, and a morning newscast added on June 11, 2012, along with a shift to high definition newscasts. Former anchor and executive producer Shaun Hegarty did not remain with the station after the merger, as he moved over to WTVG as an investigative reporter. The two stations also introduced a shared website, ToledoNewsNow.com.

Subchannels
The station's signal is multiplexed:

Analog-to-digital conversion
On June 12, 2009, WUPW turned off its analog signal permanently. The station's digital signal remained at channel 46 following the digital transition. Digital tuners display its virtual channel as 36. In early 2010, the FCC received an application from WUPW to nearly double its power from 110 to 200 kilowatts.

title: WUPW


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Pabbajjā

Pabbajjā (Pali; Skt.: ) literally means "to go forth" and refers to when a layperson leaves home to live the life of a Buddhist renunciate among a community of bhikkhus (fully ordained monks). This generally involves preliminary ordination as a novice (m. samanera, f. samaneri). It is sometimes referred to as "lower ordination". After a period or when the novice reaches 20 years of age, the novice can be considered for the upasampadā ordination (or "higher ordination") whereby the novice becomes a monk (bhikkhu) or nun (bhikkhuni).

In some traditional Theravada countries, such as Myanmar, boys undergo pabbajjā (Shinbyu) at the age of puberty. In Mahayana countries such as China and Japan, the pabbajjā is preceded by a probationary period.

title: Pabbajjā


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GALA Choruses

The Gay and Lesbian Association of Choruses ("GALA Choruses") is an international association of LGBT choruses founded in 1982. In its inaugural performance 14 choruses performed together in September 1982 in San Francisco as part of the first Gay Games. It aims to foster artistic and organizational development within its member choruses. The association includes almost 10,000 vocalists in over 100 associated choruses singing as male, female and mixed ensembles in a wide variety of styles. GALA Choruses produces a large festival every four years, in addition to a number of smaller annual workshops and conferences.

Festivals
Artistic and business directors of the choruses then in existence envisioned both the San Francisco and New York City events at the first planning meeting in Chicago, Illinois (15–17 May 1981) that set the course for the official founding of GALA Choruses.

 * 1982 - San Francisco, California
 * 1983 - New York, New York
 * 1986 - Minneapolis, Minnesota
 * 1989 - Seattle, Washington - about 2,500 delegates
 * 1992 - Denver, Colorado - over 3,400 delegates
 * 1996 - Tampa, Florida - over 4,700 delegates
 * 2000 - San Jose, California - over 4,700 delegates
 * 2004 - Place des Arts, Montreal, Quebec - over 5,700 delegates
 * 2008 - Adrienne Arsht Center for the Performing Arts, Miami, Florida
 * 2012 - Denver Performing Arts Complex, Denver, Colorado - over 6,000 delegates
 * 2016 - Denver Performing Arts Complex, Denver, Colorado
 * 2020 - Postponed due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic
 * 2024 - Minneapolis, Minnesota

Notable member choruses

 * Anna Crusis Women's Choir
 * Atlanta Gay Men's Chorus
 * Beijing Queer Chorus
 * Boston Gay Men's Chorus
 * Bridging Voices Youth Chorus
 * Calgary Men's Chorus
 * Chicago Gay Men's Chorus
 * Columbus Gay Men's Chorus
 * Connecticut Gay Men's Chorus
 * Coro Allegro
 * Diverse Harmony Youth Chorus
 * GAPA Men's Chorus - San Francisco, CA
 * Gay Men's Chorus of Los Angeles
 * Gay Men's Chorus of San Diego
 * Gay Men’s Chorus of Tampa Bay
 * Gay Men's Chorus of Washington, D.C.
 * Golden Gate Men's Chorus - San Francisco, CA
 * Heartland Men's Chorus - Kansas City, MO
 * Queer Chorus of San Francisco
 * New York City Gay Men's Chorus
 * Oakland Gay Men's Chorus
 * One Voice Mixed Chorus - Minneapolis/St. Paul, MN
 * OurSong Atlanta
 * Philadelphia Gay Men's Chorus
 * Portland Gay Men's Chorus
 * Rainbow Women's Chorus
 * San Diego Men's Chorus
 * San Diego Women's Chorus
 * San Francisco Gay Men's Chorus
 * Seattle Men's Chorus
 * Turtle Creek Chorale - Dallas, TX
 * Twin Cities Gay Men's Chorus - Minneapolis/St. Paul, MN
 * Vancouver Men's Chorus
 * Windy City Performing Arts
 * New Orleans Gay Men’s Chorus

title: GALA Choruses


text: Category:Sports venues in Hungary

title: Category:Sports venues in Hungary


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Llyra

Llyra is a supervillainess appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.

Publication history
Llyra first appeared in Sub-Mariner #32 (December, 1970) and was created by Roy Thomas and Sal Buscema.

Fictional character biography
Llyra Morris was born in the Milolii Area on the big island of Hawaii. She is the daughter of Llyron, a member of the water-breathing Homo mermanus who dwell in Lemuria, and Rhonda Morris, a surface woman who inherited her father's oceanarium in Hawaii. Llyron was taken captive by men in the employ of Morris, who were looking for marine specimens to exhibit. Rhonda Morris fell in love with the seaman, and despite the fact that neither could live in the other's environment unaided for very long, they soon were married. Llyron decided not to return to Lemuria and helped his wife find exotic fish for her oceanarium. He perished a few months after they were wed, saving his wife from a shark. Morris bore a daughter she named Llyra. The infant was capable of breathing air as well as water, and would later demonstrate certain other mutant powers, notably the ability to alter the greenish coloration of her skin and hair to resemble her mother's. As Llyra grew into adolescence, she developed multiple identity disorder, and began to believe that when she changed her skin to pink, she was another person, her imaginary twin sister Laurie. Reaching adulthood, Llyra journeyed to her father's land of Lemuria, and through elaborate machinations and the use of her other mutant power to telepathically control marine animals, she usurped the throne from its benevolent ruler, King Karthon, becoming ruler of Lemuria. Several days after her coup, Prince Namor the Sub-Mariner of Atlantis, a friend of Karthon's, voyaged to Lemuria to seek an alliance against the surface people's ocean pollution. Finding Karthon in chains, Namor engaged Llyra in battle. Llyra dispatched some of the most formidable creatures of the deep at Namor, but Namor prevailed. Llyra was then caught in a rockslide caused by a sperm whale under her command and was severely injured, apparently killed. Karthon was freed and regained the throne.

Namor returned Llyra's body to her mother for burial, but Rhonda Morris discovered that her daughter was only in a coma. Using special technology acquired from an undisclosed source, Morris resuscitated Llyra. Llyra journeyed to Lemuria to recruit mercenaries to accompany her to Atlantis where she could wreak vengeance upon Namor. Llyra and her men kidnapped the Lady Dorma, Namor's bride-to-be, and brought her to the oceanarium owned by her mother. Llyra then used her chameleon powers to disguise herself as Dorma. As soon as the wedding ceremony was over, Llyra revealed herself, claiming that she was now Namor's wife, not Dorma. However, according to Atlantean law, even though the real Dorma was not present, it was still Dorma who was now Namor's wife. When she learned her ploy failed, Llyra fled Atlantis. Namor tracked her to her mother's oceanarium. Witnessing his approach, Llyra smashed the water-filled cylinder holding Dorma, and by the time Namor reached her, Dorma had suffocated.

Llyra escaped and became a professional subversive, and soon allied herself with Namor's enemy, Tiger Shark, and his assistant Gerard Lymondo. The three of them awakened the ocean-dwelling creature Krago to vanquish Namor and kidnapped Namor's human father, Leonard McKenzie. In the course of battle with Namor, Tiger Shark split McKenzie's skull with a lead pipe, and he and Llyra fled. Llyra abandoned the Shark to ally herself with Namor's cousin Byrrah. The two of them kidnapped Namor's kinsman Namorita to use as a hostage against Namor. In her scuffle with Namor, Llyra slipped into an oil spring on the ocean bottom and apparently drowned. Llyra was also shown to have fatally poisoned Namora, (though later it was revealed that Namora was still alive). In an as yet unrevealed manner, Llyra had survived the oil spring. After lying low for a time, Llyra freed the surface criminals, the Wizard, Sandman, and the Trapster from prison, to help her carry out her latest plot on Namor's life. Llyra and these criminals formed the new Frightful Four and battled Namor and Spider-Man. Her plot, whereby Namor was supposed to be driven insane by the acquisition of Spider-Man's spider-sense, failed and Namor took Llyra back to Atlantis to stand trial.

Llyra was later broken out of prison by Ghaur, and became the high priestess of Set, playing a role in the events of Atlantis Attacks. She allied with the Deviant Lord Ghaur to bring about the reign of Set. Llyra and Ghaur recruited Krang and Attuma for their scheme. Llyra and Ghaur then reconstructed the Serpent Crown. Their attempted sacrifice of seven superhuman females was thwarted, and Llyra and Ghaur battled Namor, the Fantastic Four, and the Avengers. Llyra was teleported away, and the new Serpent Crown was buried in a sub-sea fissure. She later reappeared, wishing to bear Namor's son as a plot to win the Atlantean throne. Unable to do so, she did the next best thing and slept with Leon McKenzie, the fully human grandson of Namor's father, Leonard McKenzie. Although neither McKenzie ever set on the throne of Atlantis, due to their bylaws the product of the union, the artificially aged Llyron, nevertheless was a legitimate heir and temporarily took the throne before Namor regained it.

In the events during the Atlantis Rising storyline, Llyra was betrayed by her own son, Llyron, and left dead, chained within the walls of destroyed Atlantis. Prince Namor encountered her there, where she begged her to release him from the shackles. Instead, Prince Namor mercilessly left her to die.

Llyra was seen in the "Marvel Tarot" mini-series, focusing on magic-related characters. Here she had been supplanted by her rival Nagala as high-priestess of Set, as well as transformed into a guardian sea-hag due to her god's displeasure. At the end Nagala likewise falls out of favor as she loses the Serpent Crown to intruding wizard Ian McNee, and the two fight over becoming Set's favored concubine.

Powers and abilities
Llyra is a member of the Lemurian branch of the Homo mermanus race whose shape-changing powers are a mutant ability. Like all Atlanteans and Lemurians, Llyra has a certain degree of superhuman strength and durability, and is able to withstand the ocean pressures. She can breathe underwater and withstand the extreme water pressure and freezing temperatures of the sea. She differs in her ability to alter her skin pigmentation to look like a human, Atlantean, or Lemurian. She also possesses a psionic control over certain orders of marine life, including gigantic sea monsters. As a servant of Set she may also possess certain skills as a mystic.

Llyra temporarily possessed certain hypnotic powers conferred upon her by the Serpent God Set.

Llyra wears a costume of bulletproof fabric. She carries various Atlantean and surface world armaments. She occasionally employs sub-sea crafts, and once used the Wizard's anti-gravity discs for flight.

title: Llyra


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Catholic plot for world domination

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. Redwolf24 00:40, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

Catholic plot for world domination
Delete as original research, personal essay, no sources, no potential to become encyclopedic since the topic itself inherently presents a non-neutral point of view. Dpbsmith (talk) 00:34, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, lmao. N (t/c) 00:36, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete KrisW6 00:38, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, and i have to go shower now. Nandesuka 00:45, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - would have voted keep, except for its poor use of apostrophes :p --Doc (?) 00:48, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * ... and commas. Delete.  Barno 17:55, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete I needed a laugh --Dysepsion 00:51, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Essay-stub. Flowerparty 00:54, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete original research --Lomedae 01:16, August 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not much of a plot. -- BD2412 talk 01:27, August 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. same reasons as Dpbsmith. --Gabriel Beecham/Kwekubo 01:32, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I didn't know Ian Paisley had become a Wikipedian. :>) Capitalistroadster 02:00, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete; Kill it. And delete the article. Celcius 02:02, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete no need for conspiracy theorist articles on wikipedia. GregAsche 02:39, August 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per above. Nateji77 02:56, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per Nickptar. Slac  speak up!  04:34, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete inappropriate use of apostrophes cannot be tolerated Avalon 04:38, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * It has been listed as a copyvio, but I'd just like to add my delete vote to make sure an article is never written on this title. It's inherently POV and totally unsubstantiated. - Mgm|(talk) 07:36, August 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. But are copyvios eligible for BJAODN? HipHopOppotomus 09:08, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't think it's a copyvio and I've removed the notice and reverted the article. The declared source of the copyvio is a set of online lecture notes that makes one brief reference to an "Anti catholic book alleging Catholic plot for domination in US," but does not contain so much as a single sentence matching anything in the article. Due to grammar and general bad writing I think it's vanishingly unlikely that the article is a copy of anything published by a print publisher. If Lacrimosus just wants to make the offensive material less visible he should make some other kind of edit. And a courtesy, major edits made during a VfD really should be noted in the VfD discussion so that people joining the discussion later know that they are discussing something different from what was being discussed earlier. As I write this, the article is back to its original state except the correction of one typo. Dpbsmith (talk) 10:46, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * BJADON - awesome. Proto t c 11:50, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. Unless it's all true, in which case I'd like my portion of the world now, please. I suppose we could link this through to the Jack Chick page instead. HopperUK 11:57:37, 2005-08-18 (UTC)
 * Delete, as completely un-encyclopedic and largely ridiculous POV. --Bhadani 13:16, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment I've replaced the entire content with the line "See: Anti-Catholicism." Most of the above discussion relates to versions of the article similar to this one. If I'd been thinking more clearly I probably would just have made the article a redirect to Anti-Catholicism instead of dragging it through VfD, but as long as it's on the road to deletion let's continue, as "Catholic plot for world domination" is not anything that anyone is likely to type in and hence not very valuable as a redirect. Dpbsmith (talk) 14:22, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Please don't do this. We need to be able to evaluate the article more or less as is was when proposed. --Tysto 16:49, 2005 August 18 (UTC)
 * It's in the history, and you can view it by clicking on the link I provided. Here it is again:
 * Original text Dpbsmith (talk) 17:48, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete—Original research. --Tysto 16:49, 2005 August 18 (UTC)
 * Delete — WP:NOT: "Wikipedia is not a propaganda machine", although it's tempting to redirect to mwahahahahaha... ;) — RJH 17:19, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete-Oh no, we have been discovered! :-) Psy Guy 18:32, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Paez people

The Páez people, also known as the Nasa, are a Native American people who live in the southwestern highlands of Colombia, especially in the Cauca Department, but also the Caquetá Department lowlands and Tierradentro.

Religion
In the early 1900s, Lazarists built missions among the Paez and began the work to convert them to Christianity. Jesuits had originally tried to convert the Paez, but failed. However, the Lazarists met some success. The Paez developed a syncretic form of Roman Catholicism that absorbed their indigenous religion. For example, the Paez have shamans but many have also become Roman Catholic priests.

Climate adaptation
Since they live in the cold climate of the Andes, the Paez build their homes using brick, metal, cement, and wood. The Paez women raise and shear sheep for wool. They clean the wool, spin yarn from it, dye it and knit clothes and blankets for their families.

Punishment
Punishment for wrongs is strict in the Paez culture. In June 2000, the Paez whipped an adulterous tribal leader and his mistress 17 strokes with a knotted leather whip. "As a Paez Indian", the flogged tribal leader said, "I'm proud to have received this punishment because it is glorifying my race." Stripping the one being punished of his clothing and dunking him in a cold mountain lake is another form of punishment—this was done to Senator Jesús Pinacue, a Paez who defied the community by supporting a political candidate in a presidential vote.

Economy
Many Paez are agriculturists and common crops grown include potatoes, coffee, cassava, plantains, coca, and hemp.

Present day
The Paez people have been targeted by both rebels and paramilitary groups in the Colombian conflict. In 2019, alone 36 members of the tribe were murdered, and in July 2019 there were a reported 57 attacks on the Paez and other indigenous groups in Colombia. In October 2020, they rallied in the Colombian capital, Bogotá, due to an increase in violence in their territories.

title: Paez people