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Lyceum Theatre, London

The Lyceum Theatre is a West End theatre located in the City of Westminster, on Wellington Street, just off the Strand in central London. It has a seating capacity of 2,100. The origins of the theatre date to 1765. Managed by Samuel Arnold, from 1794 to 1809 the building hosted a variety of entertainments including a circus produced by Philip Astley, a chapel, and the first London exhibition of waxworks by Madame Tussauds. From 1816 to 1830, it served as The English Opera House. After a fire, the house was rebuilt and reopened on 14 July 1834 to a design by Samuel Beazley. The building is unique in that it has a balcony overhanging the dress circle. It was built by the partnership of Peto & Grissell. The theatre then played opera, adaptations of Charles Dickens novels and James Planché's "fairy extravaganzas", among other works.

From 1871 to 1902, Henry Irving appeared at the theatre, especially in Shakespeare productions, usually starring opposite Ellen Terry. In 1904 the theatre was almost completely rebuilt and richly ornamented in Rococo style by Bertie Crewe, but it retained Beazley's façade and grand portico. It played mostly melodrama over the ensuing decades. The building closed in 1939 and was set to be demolished, but it was saved and converted into a Mecca Ballroom in 1951, styled the Lyceum Ballroom, where many well-known bands played. The Lyceum was closed in 1986 but restored to theatrical use in 1996 by Holohan Architects. Since 1999, the theatre has hosted The Lion King.

Early years
The first Lyceum Theatre was housed in a building erected in 1765 on a site adjacent to the present theatre, with its entrance on The Strand, by the architect James Paine for the exhibitions of The Society of Artists. The Society of Artists was not a success, and the building was then leased out for dances and other entertainments, including musical entertainments by Charles Dibdin. Famed actor David Garrick also performed there. In 1794, the composer Samuel Arnold Sr rebuilt the interior of the building, making it into a proper theatre, but through the opposition of the existing patent theatres, he was not granted a patent. Therefore, he leased it to other entertainments again, including Philip Astley, who brought his circus there when his amphitheatre was burned down at Westminster. It was also used as a chapel, a concert room, and for the first London exhibition of waxworks displayed by Madame Tussauds in 1802.

The theatre finally became a licensed house in 1809, and until 1812 it was used for dramatic performances by the Drury Lane Company after the burning of their own theatre, until the erection of the new edifice. It staged one of the earliest tableaux vivants, as part of William Dimond's The Peasant Boy in 1811. In 1816, Samuel Arnold rebuilt the house to a design by Beazley and opened it as The English Opera House, but it was destroyed by fire in 1830. The house was famous for hosting the London première of Mozart's opera Così fan tutte (9 May 1811) and as the first theatre in Britain to have its stage lit by gas (6 August 1817). During this period, the "Sublime Society of Beef Steaks", which had been founded in 1735 by theatre manager Henry Rich, had its home at the theatre for over 50 years until 1867. The members, who never exceeded twenty-four in number, met every Saturday night to eat beefsteaks and drink port wine.

Present site
In 1834, the present house opened slightly to the west, with a frontage on Wellington Street, under the name Theatre Royal Lyceum and English Opera House. The theatre was again designed by Beazley and cost £40,000. The new house championed English opera rather than the Italian operas that had played earlier in the century. Composer John Barnett produced a number of works in the first few years of the theatre, including The Mountain Sylph (1834), credited as the first modern English opera. It was followed by Fair Rosamund in 1837 and Farinelli in 1839 (both at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane), and Blanche of Jersey here in 1840. In 1841–43, composer Michael William Balfe managed the theatre and produced National Opera here, but the venture was ultimately unsuccessful. From 1844 to 1847 the theatre was managed by husband and wife team Robert Keeley and Mary Anne Keeley, during which period the house became associated with adaptations of Charles Dickens's novels and Christmas books. For instance, an adaptation of Dickens' Martin Chuzzlewit ran for over 100 performances from 1844–45 here, a long run for the time.

The Lyceum was later managed by Madame Lucia Elizabeth Vestris and Charles James Mathews from 1847–55, who produced James Planché's "[fairy] extravaganzas" featuring spectacular stage effects. Their first big success was John Maddison Morton's Box and Cox. Tom Taylor's adaptation of A Tale of Two Cities, with Dickens himself as consultant, played in 1860, shortly after end of its serialisation and volume publication. Charles Fechter, who managed the theatre from 1863–67 also favored spectacular productions. In 1866, Dion Boucicault's The Long Strike (his adaptation of Elizabeth Gaskell's Manchester novels Mary Barton and Lizzie Leigh) was produced here. Ethel Lavenu, the mother and grandmother of actors Tyrone Power Sr. and Tyrone Power performed in a number pieces at the theatre in the 1860s. W. S. Gilbert produced three plays here. In 1863, his first professional play, Uncle Baby, premièred. In 1867, he presented his Christmas pantomime, called Harlequin Cock Robin and Jenny Wren, and in 1884, he produced the drama Comedy and Tragedy.

In 1889, the world's finest Italian dramatic tenor, Francesco Tamagno, appeared at the Lyceum, singing the leading role in the first London production of Giuseppe Verdi's opera Otello.

Irving years
Beginning in 1871, under manager Hezekiah Linthicum Bateman and his wife Sidney Frances Bateman, Henry Irving appeared at the theatre in, among other things, many Shakespeare works. Irving began with the French melodrama The Bells, an instant hit in which he played the ghost-haunted burgomaster. The piece ran to sell-out crowds for 150 nights, which was an unusually long run at the time. Charles I, in 1872 was another hit, running for 180 nights. In 1874, Irving played Hamlet at the theatre, perhaps his greatest triumph, running for 200 nights. In 1878, after Bateman's death, Irving took over management of the theatre from his widow. The Builder, 28 September 1878 reported that there was a difference between Irving and Mrs. Bateman regarding the personnel of the company at the Lyceum. "Mr. Irving is said to have told Mrs. Bateman that he was resolved to have actors to act with him, and not dolls, otherwise he would no longer play at the Lyceum. The result was that Mrs. Bateman threw up the management of the theatre, and Mr. Irving takes her place." Mrs. Bateman became the manager of Sadler's Wells Theatre.

Irving continued to star in plays there, especially Shakespeare, until 1902, engaging co-star Ellen Terry for that entire period of 24 years. Bram Stoker worked between 1878 and 1898 as business manager of the theatre, and Irving was Stoker's real-life inspiration for the character Count Dracula in his 1897 novel, Dracula. Stoker hoped that Irving, with his dramatic, sweeping gestures, gentlemanly mannerisms, and speciality in playing villain roles, would play Dracula in the stage adaptation of his novel. However, Irving never agreed to appear in the stage version, although the play was produced at the Lyceum.

Irving and Terry began with Hamlet in 1878. Their 1879 production of The Merchant of Venice ran for an unusual 250 nights, and success followed success in the Shakespeare canon as well as in other major plays. Other celebrated productions included Much Ado About Nothing, The Lady of Lyons by Edward Bulwer-Lytton (1878), Romeo and Juliet, King Lear, The Lyons Mail by Charles Reade (1883), the immensely popular Faust by William Gorman Wills (1885, which even drew applications for reserved seats from foreigners), Macbeth (1888, with incidental music by Sir Arthur Sullivan ), Henry VIII (1892), Becket by Alfred Tennyson (1893), King Arthur by J. Comyns Carr, with incidental music by Sir Arthur Sullivan (1895), Cymbeline (1896) and Victorien Sardou and Émile Moreau's play Madame Sans-Gêne (1897).

When Irving and Terry toured America, as they did several times beginning in 1883, the theatre played works with many famous actors including Johnston Forbes-Robertson, Mrs. Patrick Campbell, Sarah Bernhardt, and Eleonora Duse. Martin Harvey, a pupil of Irving's played a season there in 1899. Benoît-Constant Coquelin appeared as Cyrano de Bergerac in the summer of 1898.

Later years

After being bought by Thomas Barrasford in 1904, the theatre was rebuilt and richly ornamented in rococo style by Bertie Crewe, retaining only the façade and portico of the original building. The theatre presented music hall and variety, in an attempt to compete with the Palace Theatre and the new Stoll built London Coliseum, but this was not a success, and the theatre soon returned to presenting drama. From 1909–38 the Melville Brothers ran a successful series of spectacular melodramas. In 1919, additional minor alterations to the theatre were made by Edward Jones. Between the wars, dramas played at the theatre for ten months each year, followed by Christmas pantomimes, including Queen of Hearts in 1938. The Lyceum was the last London theatre to continue the early practice of concluding pantomimes with a harlequinade, a free standing entertainment of slapstick clowning, juggling and tumbling. The tradition ended with the closure of the theatre in 1939.

In 1939, the London County Council bought the building, with plans to demolish it to make room for road improvement. The theatre closed that year with a landmark performance of Hamlet directed by Sir John Gielgud (Ellen Terry's great nephew). The road improvement plans collapsed, and after the war, in 1945, it was converted to a huge ballroom and reopened by Matthews and Sons, as the Lyceum Ballroom. The Miss World contest was staged at the venue every year from 1951 to 1968. Many big bands played here, including the Oscar Rabin Band which performed frequently. From the 1960s to the 1980s, the theatre was used as a pop concert venue and for television broadcasts. T.Rex and its earlier incarnation Tyrannosaurus Rex, the Sex Pistols, the Grateful Dead, The Groundhogs, The Clash, Bob Marley and the Wailers, Led Zeppelin, Queen, The Police, The Ramones, The Who, Emerson, Lake & Palmer, both incarnations of Adam and the Ants, U2, Colosseum, The Smiths, Iron Maiden and Pink Floyd all played here. Bob Marley and the Wailers' Live! album was recorded here on 18–19 July 1975. Genesis filmed a performance here in May 1980 for broadcast on the Old Grey Whistle Test. This footage appears on the 2007 CD/DVD re-release of their 1980 album Duke.

A proposed redevelopment of Covent Garden by the GLC in 1968 saw the theatre under threat, together with the nearby Vaudeville, Garrick, Adelphi and Duchess theatres. An active campaign by Equity, the Musicians' Union, and theatre owners under the auspices of the Save London Theatres Campaign helped save the theatre. In 1973, the theatre gained protection and was Grade II* listed as Interior despite adaptation and alteration for present ballroom use retains [a] substantial part of Crewe's work.

The theatre went dark in 1986, after the National Theatre's promenade performances (in 1985) of Bill Bryden's adaptation of the Mysteries trilogy. Brent Walker leased the theatre during this time but later gave up his lease, and in 1996 it was restored and reconverted into a theatre for large-scale musicals or opera (with a suitably large orchestra pit) by Holohan Architects. A production of Jesus Christ Superstar played from 1996 to 1998.

The theatre has been home to the musical theatre version of The Lion King since 1999. To celebrate the 10th anniversary of the production, which had grossed over £289 million and been seen by more than eight million people, 250 former cast members gathered onstage, together with designer-director Julie Taymor. James Earl Jones, who voiced the role of King Mufasa in the original Disney animated film, attended the performance. The theatre flooded on 11 May 2020 while the theatre was closed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, but the production reopened in July 2021.

Recent and present productions

 * Jesus Christ Superstar (19 November 1996 – 28 March 1998)
 * Oklahoma! (February 1999 – June 1999)
 * The Lion King (24 September 1999 – present)

title: Lyceum Theatre, London


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Monarch Beverage Company

The Monarch Beverage Company Inc is a diversified, international beverage company based in Atlanta, Georgia. The company's CEO is Jacques Bombal. The company was founded in 1965 by Frank Armstrong. Monarch Beverage Company aimed to establish itself by offering lesser-known soft drink brands that had strong regional sales and appeal. Monarch Beverage Company purchased Dad's Root Beer product line from IC Industries of Chicago in 1986. Around that time, it was the second largest volume (12 million cases) root beer brand and was distributed by the Coca-Cola bottler network. In 2007, The Dad's Root Beer Company, LLC of Jasper, Indiana, acquired the Dad's Root Beer brand as well as the rights to Bubble Up, Dr. Wells and Sun Crest in the U.S. and some other countries from The Monarch Beverage Co. of Atlanta.

Monarch Beverages is now concentrated on international markets where it does 90% of its business with brands like Kickapoo Joy Juice, and its outside-U.S. ownership of Bubble Up and Sun Crest.

Brands

 * Acute Fruit
 * American Cola
 * Bubble Up (International rights only)
 * COMOTION
 * Kickapoo Joy Juice
 * Mason's Root Beer
 * Nesbitt's (International rights only)
 * NTrinsic
 * Planet Cola (and other flavors)
 * Rush Energy Drink
 * Reaktor Energy
 * Sensa
 * Sun Crest (International rights only)

Former brands

 * All Sport (2001–2007)
 * Bubble Up (1978–2007)
 * Chocolate Soldier (1966–1988)
 * Dad's Root Beer (1986–2007)
 * Dr. Wells (1987–2007)
 * Frostie Root Beer (1980–2000)
 * Grapette (and Orangette) (1977–2000) (was never marketed)
 * Kist (1966–1997)
 * Moxie (1966–2007)
 * Nesbitt's (1975–1999)
 * NuGrape (1968–1999)
 * Quench
 * Sun Crest (1968–2007)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Monarch Beverage Company


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User:Keikomi~enwiki

To see my details (in French), you can get there : keikomi.

title: User:Keikomi~enwiki


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Talk:Crazy Legs (album)

Tribute
(moved from my talk page - (User talk:Laudak))

Please stop making your incorrect revisions to the articles on Cliff Gallup and the Jeff Beck album Crazy Legs. As made clear in numerous review articles at the time, the album is a recording of Gene Vincent's songs made as a tribute to Gallup. The fact that one magazine interviewer (not Beck himself) misunderstood this is not sufficient reason to change the articles. Ghmyrtle (talk) 22:58, 3 July 2008 (UTC)
 * I prefer thinking that if you are not citing beck himself, then one musical critic has the same correct opinion as another one. and I dont see nothing bad to see both opinions mentioned. Laudak (talk) 23:02, 3 July 2008 (UTC)
 * My apologies, but I don't understand what you are trying to say in that comment. The interview does not quote Beck as saying that the album is a tribute to Vincent - that is an interpretation (an incorrect one, based on all other references) placed on it by the interviewer.  All other references I have seen state quite clearly that Beck recorded it as a tribute to Gallup.  I'm finishing now for tonight - I hope we don't have to return to this tomorrow.  Ghmyrtle (talk) 23:06, 3 July 2008 (UTC)
 * Re your latest edits - please find me one serious critic who claims it is a tribute to Gene Vincent. Otherwise you are basing your view on what is an error by one journalist. Ghmyrtle (talk) 23:08, 3 July 2008 (UTC)
 * I am saying what I am saying and what you are saying. We don't have references coming from Beck himself. Therefore one musical critic's opinion is just as good as another. Laudak (talk) 23:09, 3 July 2008 (UTC)
 * As for "error", Douglas J. Noble is not a random paparazzi who can be easily dismissed. Laudak (talk) 23:13, 3 July 2008 (UTC)
 * Please bear in mind that Beck is primarily a guitarist not a r'n'r singer. In the Noble interview, he says "When I was learning guitar Cliff Gallup was the biggest influence on my playing - the cut was pretty deep and the scar has never healed!....I wanted to show people what Cliff was doing and I wanted to be Cliff when we were doing it." Given that Gallup is his hero, it would be surprising if he made the album as a tribute to Vincent.  Of course, as numerous other references attest, he didn't - he recorded it as a tribute to Gallup.  The article should reflect the consensus of opinion, not your view that a misinterpretation of a comment by a single interviewer (however eminent he may be) should be given precedence.  I'm happy to find numerous other references that attest to the fact that Beck intended it as a tribute to Gallup - can you find any other independent references that say that it was a tribute to Vincent?  On the reasonable assumption that you can't, I'll revert it back again.  Ghmyrtle (talk) 08:50, 4 July 2008 (UTC)
 * If this edit means that you now accept my point, thank you. Ghmyrtle (talk) 09:07, 4 July 2008 (UTC)
 * Yes. I had to run abruptly, so I didn't finish the talk. Last think to be settled, IMO until you produce a refence to Beck himself saying it was a tribute (or someone claiming that Beck said that), you have to use my wording: "music critics consider it to be a tribute..." or something like that. Laudak (talk) 19:15, 4 July 2008 (UTC)
 * P.S. YOu still not reading carefully what other people say. Where the heck you concluded "should be given precedence" from? I was saying that both opinions from reputable critics are equally valid and deserved to be mentioned. Laudak (talk) 19:18, 4 July 2008 (UTC)
 * OK. Thats it. You really have to reconsider your attitude of sticking to your opinon without any desire to expand/correct your knowledge. It took me 5 minutes of googling to find that you are wrong. Laudak (talk) 19:43, 4 July 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Crazy Legs (album)


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WDCQ-TV

WDCQ-TV (channel 19), branded Delta College Public Media, is a PBS member television station licensed to Bad Axe, Michigan, United States, serving the Flint–Tri-Cities television market. The station is owned by Delta College in University Center, an unincorporated community in Frankenlust Township in southwestern Bay County. WDCQ-TV's transmitter is located in Quanicassee, in northwestern Tuscola County.

History
The station first signed on the air on October 12, 1964, as WUCM-TV; the "UCM" stood for University Center, Michigan, its city of license. The station was initially affiliated with National Educational Television (NET) until 1970, when the present-day PBS replaced NET. In 1986, WUCM established a satellite, WUCX-TV channel 35 in Bad Axe, to better cover Michigan's Thumb area. In 1997, concurrent with a rebranding to "Q-TV", both stations changed their calls, with WUCM becoming WDCQ-TV, and WUCX becoming WDCP-TV.

The analog channel 19 transmitter was located on a 496 ft tower on the campus of Delta College, near the corner of 4-Mile and Delta Roads in Bay County. The analog channel 35 tower was located just south of Ubly.

The WUCX calls are still used today for Delta College's NPR member station, WUCX-FM (90.1). That station is owned by Central Michigan University, and jointly run by Delta College and CMU.

WDCQ is currently the third most-watched PBS station in Michigan, behind WTVS in Detroit and WGVU-TV in Grand Rapids. As of 2021, Thomas Bennett is the general manager of WDCQ and WUCX-FM.

In late August 2020, Delta College re-branded its public broadcasting operations from "Q-TV" to "Delta College Public Media" to better identify its TV and radio stations as associated with Delta College.

Programming
Programming on WDCQ consists of the general primary PBS fare, with some locally produced shows, such as Currently Speaking, a weekly, live current events discussion program hosted by Andy Rapp, who's been a personality at WDCQ since the early 1970s, when he hosted a daily discussion program, Day by Day, which ran on the old WUCM into the 1980s.

Starting in 2005, WDCQ-TV began to produce local documentaries which looked at aspects of local history in the Great Lakes Bay Region and surrounding areas. These documentaries received many state and national awards including four Michigan Association of Broadcasters "Excellence in Broadcasting" Awards, numerous "Telly" awards among others. Documentaries produced include:

 * Ag 2.0: Agriculture - Changes, Challenges & Trends
 * BREACHED! The Tittabawassee River Disaster
 * Breaking New Ground: Women of the Saginaw Valley
 * Coal in the Valley: Mid-Michigan Mining History
 * Flint: The 19th Century - The Crossroads of Michigan
 * Flint: The 20th Century - The Vehicle City Rises
 * The Korean War: Voices from the 38th Parallel
 * Margin of Victory - Saginaw Valley's Role in Winning World War II
 * More Than a Movie - The US-23 Drive-in Experience
 * Restored to Glory - Classic Automobiles, Collectors & Their Stories
 * Sailing Into the Past: Travels Aboard El Galeón & The Tall Ship Celebration
 * Sawdust & Shanty Boys - Logging the Saginaw Valley White Pine
 * Settling In: Immigrants & Cultures That Built Mid-Michigan
 * Taking Flight: The History of Aviation in the Great Lakes Bay Region
 * Tracks Through Time - Michigan Railroads - History & Impact
 * Vanishing Voices of World War Two
 * Vietnam Voices: Mid-Michigan Remembers the Vietnam War

Subchannels
The station's signal is multiplexed:

Analog-to-digital conversion
With the impending end of analog broadcasting in the United States, Delta College decided to use one digital station to cover its entire coverage area. Since it was widely believed that digital signals would travel further than analog signals, Delta College anticipated this would make up for the main WDCQ signal's shortfall on the Thumb. When each analog station was assigned a digital channel, WDCQ-TV in University Center was assigned channel 18 while WDCP-TV in Bad Axe was assigned channel 15 for digital. For practicality and monetary reasons, school officials opted to activate only channel 15, from a location that was close enough to the Tri-Cities to provide city-grade coverage to the area. Accordingly, on November 28, 2003; the two stations switched callsigns, with channel 19 becoming WDCP-TV, and channel 35 becoming WDCQ-TV.

WDCQ-TV discontinued regular programming on its analog signal, over UHF channel 35, on June 12, 2009, the official date on which full-power television stations in the United States transitioned from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate. The station's digital signal remained on its pre-transition UHF channel 15, using virtual channel 19—reflecting the analog channel position of WDCP. Even though FCC regulations would usually mandate that WDCQ use "35" as its virtual channel, Delta College sought and received permission to use "19" instead. This is because most of its viewers live in the Flint–Tri-Cities area and had watched the station on channel 19 for almost half a century. However, WDCQ-TV is on channel 35 for DirecTV customers in its market.

title: WDCQ-TV


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Canciones de Mi Padre

Canciones de mi padre (Spanish for Songs of My Father, or My Father's Songs) is American singer Linda Ronstadt's first album of Mexican traditional Mariachi music.

History
The album was released in late 1987 and immediately became a global smash hit. At 2½ million US sales, it stands as the biggest selling non-English language album in American record history. This album has been RIAA certified double-platinum (for over 2 million US copies sold) and also won Ronstadt the Grammy Award for Best Mexican/Mexican-American Album at the 31st Grammy Awards.

These canciones were a big part of Ronstadt's family tradition and musical roots. The title Canciones de Mi Padre refers to a booklet that the University of Arizona published in 1946 for Ronstadt's deceased aunt, Luisa Espinel, who had been an international singer in the 1920s. The songs come from Sonora and Ronstadt included her favorites on the album. Also, Ronstadt has credited the late Mexican singer Lola Beltrán as an influence in her own singing style, and she recalls how a frequent guest to the Ronstadt home, Eduardo "Lalo" Guerrero, father of Chicano music, would often serenade her as child with these songs.

In the accompanying printed material, each song's Spanish lyrics were paired with an English translation and a discussion of the song's background or its significance for Ronstadt (omitted on the CD). Rubén Fuentes served as musical director/bandleader. Follow-up albums include Mas Canciones, Frenesí, and the Rhino Records compilation Mi Jardin Azul: Las Canciones Favoritas, which collects songs from the previous three Spanish-language albums. Las Canciones de mi Padre also is the only recording production in the world that used the 3 best Mariachi bands in the world: Mariachi Vargas, Mariachi Los Camperos and Mariachi Los Galleros de Pedro Rey. As of 2012, Canciones de Mi Padre had sold nearly 10 million copies worldwide.

Although sometimes referred to as Ronstadt's first Spanish-language recordings, in fact she had recorded several times in the language before, including "Lo Siento mi Vida", a song she co-wrote with her father for her 1976 album, Hasten Down the Wind, and "Lago Azul," a Spanish translation of "Blue Bayou", that was released as a single following her hit English version from her 1977 album, Simple Dreams.

In 2021, it was announced that Canciones de Mi Padre had been inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame.

In 2022, the album was selected by the Library of Congress for preservation in the National Recording Registry.

Personnel

 * Linda Ronstadt – vocals, harmony vocals (10)
 * Pedro Rey – harmony vocals (5, 10, 11)
 * Melinda Marie Ronstadt – harmony vocals (6)
 * Michael J. Ronstadt – harmony vocals (7, 9, 12)
 * Pete Ronstadt – harmony vocals (7, 9, 12)
 * Juan Rey – harmony vocals (10)
 * Heriberto Molina – harmony vocals (11)
 * Daniel Valdez – vocals (13)
 * Ricardo Cisneros, Héctor Gama, Jesus Guzman, Heriberto Molina, Armando Javier Pérez, Felipe Perez, Mario Rodriguez, Ramón Rodriguez and Nati Santiago – chorus

Musicians
 * Ruben Fuentes – arrangements and conductor
 * Samuel Gutiérrez – guitars
 * Humberto Hernández – guitars
 * Jésus Hernández – guitars
 * José Hernández – guitars, vihuela, trumpet
 * Jorge Lopez – guitars
 * Rafael Palomar – guitars
 * Gilberto Puente – guitar solos
 * Daniel Valdez – guitar (13)
 * Jamie Alejo – guitarrón
 * José María Arellano – guitarrón
 * Nati Santiago – guitarrón
 * Victor "El Pato" Cardenas – vihuela
 * Luis Damian – vihuela
 * Pedro Flores – vihuela
 * Pedro Rey – vihuela
 * Larry Bunker – percussion
 * Ron Kalina – harmonica
 * Steve Fowler – flute
 * Laura Halladay – flute
 * Juan Gudiño – trumpet
 * Luis Salinas – trumpet
 * Federico Torres – trumpet
 * Jim Self – tuba
 * Arthur Gerst – harp
 * Juan Jose Almaguer – violin
 * Juan Manuel Biurquiz – violin
 * Nati Cano – violin
 * Héctor Gama – violin
 * Pepe Martínez – violin
 * Felipe Perez – violin
 * Antonio Ramos – violin
 * Mario Rodriguez – violin
 * Felipe Romero – violin
 * Salvador Torres – violin

Production

 * Peter Asher – producer
 * Ruben Fuentes – producer
 * Shawn Murphy – recording, mixing
 * Sharon Rice – recording assistant, mix assistant
 * Dwayne Seykora – recording assistant, mix assistant
 * Doug Sax – mastering at The Mastering Lab (Hollywood, California)
 * José Hernández – album coordinator, musical assistance
 * John Kosh – art direction, design
 * Bob Blakeman – photography
 * Gilbert Ronstadt – back cover painting
 * J. Roy Helland – make-up, hair stylist
 * Manuel – wardrobe design
 * Edd Kolakowski – assistant to Peter Asher
 * Janet Stark – assistant to Miss Ronstadt

title: Canciones de Mi Padre


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The Statement of Randolph Carter

"The Statement of Randolph Carter" is a short story by American writer H. P. Lovecraft. Written in December 1919, it was first published in The Vagrant, May 1920. It tells of a traumatic event in the life of Randolph Carter, a student of the occult loosely representing Lovecraft himself. It is the first story in which Carter appears. Its adaptations include the film The Unnamable II: The Statement of Randolph Carter.

Plot
"The Statement of Randolph Carter" is the first person testimony of the titular character, who has been found wandering through swampland in an amnesiac shock. In his statement, Carter attempts to explain the disappearance of his companion, the occultist Harley Warren.

Warren has come into the possession of a book, written in an unknown language, the exact contents of which he never revealed to Carter. Carter mentions that Warren has other "strange, rare books on forbidden subjects", several of which are in Arabic.

From his mysterious book, Warren apparently deduces that doors or stairways exist between the surface world, and the underworld. He encourages Carter to travel with him to the location of one such portal, an ancient graveyard near Big Cypress Swamp. Upon arriving, Warren locates a particular tomb, and opens it to reveal a staircase that descends into the earth. Taking a lantern, he leaves Carter on the surface, and follows the stairs into the darkness, communicating with his companion by a telephone wire.

After several minutes of silence, Warren suddenly begins to make vague, panicked outbursts that culminate in a desperate plea for Carter to flee. Finally, after Warren is silent for several minutes, Carter calls to him down the line, only to hear an alien voice telling him that Warren is dead.

Randolph Carter
Randolph Carter is one of Lovecraft's most commonly recurring characters. An H. P. Lovecraft Encyclopedia places the events of the story after those of The Dream Quest of Unknown Kadath and before "The Unnamable" or "The Silver Key".

Harley Warren
Harley Warren is a mysterious occultist who apparently perishes while exploring an underground crypt in Big Cypress Swamp. After his disappearance, Randolph Carter tells police that "I have for five years been his closest friend, and a partial sharer of his terrible researches into the unknown." Warren, he says, "always dominated me, and sometimes I feared him." He mentions a facial expression of Warren's that caused him to shudder. Warren himself suggests that he sees himself as someone with "ironclad sensibilities".

Carter describes Warren as having a "vast collection of strange, rare books on forbidden subjects," many of them apparently in Arabic, with one "fiend-inspired book...written in characters whose like I never saw elsewhere." In the dream that inspired the story, the Warren character was actually Lovecraft's friend Samuel Loveman. Loveman also figured in the dream that became the prose poem "Nyarlathotep".

Warren is referred to in other Lovecraft stories. In "The Silver Key", he is alluded to as "a man in the south, who was shunned and feared for the blasphemous things he read in prehistoric books and clay tablets smuggled from India and Arabia." In "Through the Gates of the Silver Key", he is revealed to have come from South Carolina, and to have been an expert linguist of the primal Naacal language of the Himalayas. Warren is also mentioned in Brian Lumley's Titus Crow series, as a member of a Bostonian group of psychics.

Inspiration
Lovecraft based the story on a dream that he transcribed, adding only a preamble to make it more fluid as a narrative, and wrote it in the form of a testimony given to the police. An account of the actual dream Lovecraft had can be found in one of his letters to August Derleth.

Connections
The story contains an early statement of a common theme of Lovecraft's—the terrible price of knowledge:

"As to the nature of our studies--must I say again that I no longer retain full comprehension? It seems to me rather merciful that I do not, for they were terrible studies, which I pursued more through reluctant fascination than through actual inclination."

This theme is most famously stated in "The Call of Cthulhu": "The most merciful thing in the world, I think, is the inability of the human mind to correlate all its contents."

Adaptations

 * "The Statement of Randolph Carter" and Randolph Carter feature prominently in Lovecraftian: The Shipwright Circle by Steven Philip Jones. The Lovecraftian series reimagines the weird tales of H. P. Lovecraft into one single universe modern epic.
 * The story has inspired several films, including The Testimony of Randolph Carter (1987), The Unnamable II: The Statement of Randolph Carter (1993), 13:de mars, 1941 (2004), and Kammaren (2007).
 * The Case of Randolph Carter is an interactive version of the story with alternate endings.
 * Radio adaptation by Macabre Fantasy Radio Theater was performed live at the H. P. Lovecraft Film Festival in September 2012.
 * Randolph Carter and the events in "The Statement of Randolph Carter" are key elements of Cosa Nosferatu, a fantasy/crime/horror novel featuring Eliot Ness and Al Capone, set in a 1930 era Chicago beset with Lovecraft-style undead.
 * "The Statement of Randolph Carter" was loosely adapted as a horror comic known as H.P. Lovecraft's The Grave
 * The song "You Fool, Warren is Dead!" by The Darkest of the Hillside Thickets is based on the story.

title: The Statement of Randolph Carter


text:
A Brand New Me (Dusty Springfield album)

A Brand New Me is the sixth studio album by English singer Dusty Springfield, released in 1970.

Writing and recording
The album was recorded in late 1969 at the Sigma Sound Studios in Philadelphia. It is Springfield's only album on which every song was produced by the same production team: Kenny Gamble and Leon Huff. Gamble also co-wrote every track on the album, and the Gamble and Huff duo went on to have success with many groups and singers in the 1970s, among them Harold Melvin & the Blue Notes, The O'Jays, MFSB and The Three Degrees.

Release and promotion
The album was first released in the United States by Atlantic Records in January 1970. Its release in the United Kingdom followed three months later by Philips Records, under the title From Dusty with Love.

The title track was released as a single in the US in late 1969, peaking at No. 3 on the US Adult Contemporary chart and No. 24 on the Top 40 chart on December 20, 1969; Springfield would not earn another Top 40 hit for 17 years. From Dusty with Love was Springfield's last UK album to feature her name in the title; all but one of her previous five albums had done so. The album had moderate success in the UK, peaking at No. 35 on their album chart; the US release, however, stalled at No. 107.

In 1992, Atlantic Records/Warner Music Group's sublabel Rhino Entertainment re-released a digitally remastered edition of A Brand New Me in the US, featuring nine bonus tracks originally issued as A- and B-side singles in the US in the years following the A Brand New Me album's release, among them recordings made with both Jerry Wexler, Tom Dowd, Arif Mardin and Ellie Greenwich as well as tracks from a shelved second album with Gamble & Huff, and one track recorded for Philips Records, but never released by Atlantic (Springfield's contract with Atlantic allowed them to release Philips recordings). Some of these recordings were first issued in the UK on the 1972 album See All Her Faces (which had no US counterpart), others would remain unavailable in the UK for another ten years until PolyGram released an expanded edition of Dusty in Memphis as part of their mid-price series Reflections, entitled Dusty in Memphis Plus and released on the Mercury Records label in the UK and the rest of Europe in September 1980.

From Dusty with Love was first issued on CD by Philips Records/PolyGram and re-issued in Europe in the early 1990s. A digitally remastered CD edition of From Dusty with Love was released by Mercury/Universal Music Group in the UK/Europe in 2002, featuring alternate versions of recordings from the 1970 Gamble & Huff sessions as bonus tracks.

Critical reception
Reviewing in Christgau's Record Guide: Rock Albums of the Seventies (1981), Robert Christgau wrote: "Kenny Gamble and Leon Huff have bestowed upon Dusty—who as a singer of contemporary pop has only one peer, Dionne Warwick—the same cool-soul formula that's worked so successfully for Jerry Butler, but here it's wearing thin. The songs (every one written in part by Gamble) echo each other melodically and rhythmically, the instrumentation never varies, and neither does the vocal mood. If only Dusty could bring all her moods together—starting with her harder-driving stuff and working through the title cut here—she'd make a greater album than Dusty in Memphis. But that's a lot to ask."

Bonus tracks CD re-issues

 * Track 11. Recording date: March 1970. Recorded at Sigma Sound Studios, Philadelphia. Producers: staff for Gamble-Huff Productions. Arranger:Thom Bell.
 * Track 12. Recording date: 23 July 1970. Recorded at A & R Studios, New York. Producers: Ellie Greenwich & Mike Rashkow.
 * Track 13. Recording date: September 1968. Recorded at American Studios, Memphis. Dusty Springfield's final vocals recorded in New York. Producers: Jerry Wexler, Tom Dowd & Arif Mardin.
 * Tracks 14 & 15. Recording date: 27 March 1971. Recorded at Century Sound Studio, New York. Producer & arranger: Jeff Barry.
 * Tracks 16, 17 & 18. Recording date: between January and June 1971. Recorded at Century Sound Studio, New York. Producer & arranger: Jeff Barry.

 * Tracks 11–13. Recording date: February–March 1970. Recorded at Sigma Sound Studios, Philadelphia. Producers: Gamble & Huff Productions.

Other tracks

Recorded February 1970 at Sigma Sound Studios, Philadelphia. Producers: Gamble & Huff Productions.

"Sweet Charlie" was originally thought to have been titled "Sweet Charlie Babe". Singer Jackie Moore released a song with the latter title a few years later, and due to the similarity of the titles, it was thought that Moore had used a backing track for what had been assumed to be Springfield's version, and simply recorded over Springfield's vocals. However, it was discovered in the late 2010s that Springfield had, in fact, recorded the track "Sweet Charlie" instead, a completely different song to Moore's. Due to the mistaken assumption that Moore had recorded over Springfield's vocals, the track remained unmixed and unreleased until the mistake was discovered and the song finally released 47 years after its recording, in 2017, on the compilation "A Brand New Me: The Complete Philadelphia Sessions".
 * "Something for Nothing" – 2:52
 * "Cherished" – 2:39
 * "Goodbye" – 2:34
 * "Sweet Charlie" – 2:57

Personnel

 * Dusty Springfield – vocals
 * Ugene Dozier – piano, producer
 * Roland Chambers – guitar, arranger, producer
 * Vincent Montana Jr. – background vocals, vibraphone
 * Norman Harris – guitar
 * Ronnie Baker – bass guitar
 * Earl Young – drums
 * The Sweethearts of Sigma – background vocals
 * Don Renaldo & His String Section – strings
 * Sam Reed & His Horn Section – horns
 * Thom Bell – arranger
 * Bobby Martin – arranger
 * Recorded at Sigma Sound Studios, Philadelphia
 * Joe Tarsia – engineer
 * Loring Eutemey – cover design (A Brand New Me)
 * Dan Hersch – remastering (A Brand New Me, 1992 re-issue)
 * Bill Inglot – remastering (A Brand New Me, 1992 re-issue)
 * Jim Feldman – liner notes (A Brand New Me, 1992 re-issue)
 * Deborah Frost – project assistant (A Brand New Me, 1992 re-issue)
 * Mike Gill – remastering/mix (From Dusty with Love, 2002 re-issue)
 * Roger Wake – remastering/mix (From Dusty with Love, 2002 re-issue)

Charts
Album – Billboard (United States)

Singles – Billboard (United States)


text:
Fang of the Sun Dougram

Fang of the Sun Dougram (太陽の牙ダグラム) is a 75-episode anime television series, created by Ryosuke Takahashi and Sunrise, and aired in Japan from October 23, 1981 to March 25, 1983 on TV Tokyo. A 1983 full-length feature film, Dougram: Documentary of the Fang of the Sun, summarized the series.

Plot
The series begins in a desert on the colony planet Deloyer, where the remains of a destroyed robot are resting as a red-haired woman is standing in front of it. The woman hallucinates what appears to be a group of armed soldiers alongside the robot in a non-destroyed state. A man named Rocky appears, leading to the woman running into his embrace where she cries tears of joy. After this, the series flashes back to an earlier time, in order to explain the circumstances leading up to the first episode.

Malcontents on the Deloyer colony agitate for the independence of their world from the Earth Federation. In an unexpected coup, the elected Governor declares martial law and sets himself up as absolute dictator. With the approval of the Federation, he rules the planet with an iron fist. In reaction, a ragtag group (including the governor's estranged son) rises in open rebellion, using a powerful prototype Combat Armor: the Dougram. Their goal is the end of the dictatorship and total independence from the Federation's influence.

The story follows the actions of the guerilla freedom fighters known as "The Deloyer 7". The war is fought across the planet Deloyer as the Federation vigorously pursues the rebels. The series is noted for its realistic use of not just the combat armors and support vehicles, but also military tactics. The series also followed a wide range of characters and political intrigue, with many shady characters switching sides throughout the series.

Crinn Cashim is the show's main character. Son of Governor Donan Cashim, he becomes trained in piloting the Soltic Roundfacer by Jacky Zaltsev, a Federation Ace, because of his father's political connections. When his father appears to be overthrown by a coup led by Colonel Von Stein, he pilots a Roundfacer while Federation forces battle Garcia's forces. He is stunned to learn that his father has actually sided with Von Stein in a secret plan, and eventually becomes angry at his father's forces in how they deal with the rebellion following the coup. Following a meeting with Dr. David Samalin, who introduces him to a combat armor he has designed, the Dougram, Cashim and his friends form The Fang of the Sun and join the rebellion against the Federation.

Voice actors
• Kazuhiko Inoue as Crinn Cashim

• Banjou Ginga as Chico Biento

• Eiji Kanie as Von Stein

• Eiko Yamada as Canary Donett

• Gara Takashima as Daisy Ohsel (also spelled Auxerre)

• Hirotaka Suzuoki as Gabor Zana

• Ikuya Sawaki as Soldier (Ep. 6)

• Issei Futamata as Aaron

• Issei Masamune as Hank, Rabin Cashim

• Kaneto Shiozawa as Royle Cashim

• Kazuyuki Sogabe as J. Locke

• Keiko Ozaki as Dalloway

• Kenichi Ogata as Nanashi, Watkins

• Kiyonobu Suzuki as Festa Bronco

• Kiyoshi Komiyama as Heckle G. Thompson

• Kōhei Miyauchi as Professor David Samalin

• Kōzō Shioya as Brink

• Masaaki Tsukada as Emond

• Masaharu Satō as Dirk

• Masaru Ikeda as Rick Boyd

• Masashi Hirose as Cole Destin

• Masato Yamanouchi as Donan Cashim, Narrator

• Nana Yamaguchi as Fina Cashim

• Osamu Kato as Hesse Carmel

• Ritsuo Sawa as Station Employee (Ep. 1)

• Ryōichi Tanaka as Rocky Andor

• Ryūsuke Ōbayashi as York

• Shigeru Chiba as Giorgio Giordan, Oppe

• Shigeyuki Hosoi as Bucks

• Shigezō Sasaoka as Brian (Eps. 38-39)

• Shingo Kanemoto as Dick Lertoff

• Shōzō Iizuka as Haman (Ep. 23)

• Tatsuyuki Jinnai as Helmut J. Lecoque

• Tesshō Genda as Vuldran Garcia

• Youko Kawanami as Rita Berette

• Yuji Fujishiro as Morrea Ohsel/Auxerre

• Yuri Nashiwa as Billy Bol

• Yusaku Yara as Jackie Zaltsev

Combat Armors

In S.C. 140 (Dougram time system, meaning Space Century), the Federal military asked for an all-terrain heavy-weapon system to deal with the varied geographic conditions of the colony worlds. Only two companies made it through the extensive requirements testing: Abitate and Soltic.

Abitate's F44A "Crabgunner" was a 12-meter, 4-legged walking tank. Soltic's own H8 "Roundfacer" was humanoid, with a single pilot located in the head. The simpler Crabgunner became the mainstay of the early Federation forces, but it was the Roundfacer that would revolutionize mechanized warfare. As the rebellion grows in number, the Federation introduces new models of Combat Armors to oppose it, many of them designed to fulfill specific roles (desert fighting, cold weather deployment, etc.). Unlike other anime, these new machines are production models and rarely one-of-a-kind prototypes (the Dougram itself being the most notable exception). Combat Armors used by the Sun Fang rebels are marked with a gold-bordered red triangle. The Federation Occupation Forces use gold chevrons to indicate the division they are assigned to (1st, 2nd, or 3rd).

The following list showcases the machines seen in the show. The terms "Soltic" and "Abitate", actually represent the names of the companies that built the combat armors, not the names of the machines themselves. The "common names", if any, are given in quotes.

First Generation

 * Abitate F44A "Crab Gunner": Height: 12.2 m. Weight: 34.621 tons. The first Combat Armor, its design nevertheless influences further designs, although its shortcomings become apparent in battles facing other Combat Armors. In terms of weapons it has a linear gun on its top, armed with a 12.7mm machine gun on the cannon's top, a 30mm machine gun on their front, and a 7-tube missile pod on each side of the body.
 * Abitate F44B "Tequila Gunner": Height: 12.13 m. Weight: 35.001 tons. First introduced in by Locke, the Tequila Gunner is used in a support role, much of the time battling the Deloyer 7 team from a distance. In terms of weapons it has a linear gun on its top, armed with a 12.7mm machine gun on the cannon's top, a 30mm cannon in their front, and a 7-tube missile launcher on each side with two under the cockpit. Each side also had a balcony for gunmen. Once the Desert Gunner is developed, the Tequila Gunner is phased out.
 * Abitate F44D "Desert Gunner": Height: 15.87 m. Weight: 35.914 tons. These six-legged armors are apt at negotiating treacherous sand banks in desert environments where bipedal mecha like Dougram, having more weight-per-inch ground pressure, are particularly clumsy and less effective. In terms of weapons it has a linear gun on its top, a 30mm machine gun on their front, and a 9-tube missile pod on each side of the body. Their judicious use by the veteran Garcia Company brings Dougram dangerously close to total defeat.

Second Generation

 * Nicholiev AG-9 "Cabarov": Height: 9.36 m. Weight: 15.692 tons. A support Combat Armor that only appears near the end of series, and one of the few Combat Armors not designed by Abitate or Soltic. Unlike other models it is capable of 360 degree rotation at the waist. In terms of weapons it has a double linear cannon on the right side of the head, a 6-tube rocket pod on each hip, and three 30mm machine guns in each side of the head.
 * Soltic H8 "Roundfacer": Height: 10.02 m. Weight: 20.965 tons. The mainstay of the Federation's Combat Armor forces, the Roundfacer is versatile and easy to produce. Its service runs right up to the final fight against the rebellion. In terms of weapons it has a 25mm chain gun in each wrist, a 9-tube missile pod on the right shoulder, and can wield either a hand linear gun which acts as a giant machine gun or a mag launcher which acts as a giant grenade launcher. The left shoulder is armed with a shield. Roundfacers can be stripped of their armor for a camouflage suit in heavy foliage terrain. For aerial assaults it can be given a giant hang glider.
 * Soltic H8-RF "Korchima Special" (24th Battalion Custom): Height: 10.09 m. Weight: 21.004 tons. This is an upgraded version of the Roundfacer, and only four of them are produced, and used by am elite Federation unit known as the Korchima Battalion. It incorporates a Laser on its forearm in-place of the Roundfacer's Linear Gun, and a powerpack for extended service. The Korchima Special is arguably more powerful than the Dougram, although Cashim's piloting skills gives him the upper-hand. Like standard Roundfacers these can be given a giant hang glider for aerial assaults.
 * "Dougram": Height: 9.63 m. Weight: 20.120 tons. Exclusively developed by Samalin, the Dougram is based on the Federation's Roundfacer, and is able to use parts from salvaged Roundfacers to keep it running. During the series, the Dougram is customized for various missions, such as utilizing a Hang Glider like the Roundfacer, or a set of anti-aircraft guns to combat the Federation Duey helicopters that Cashim faces all-throughout the series. Its primary weapons consist of a linear gun on the right arm, a chaingun in the left arm, and can be given a turbopack for high jumping and has a large linear cannon that can be mounted on the left shoulder. The final version is known as the JAGD Type which replaces a set of smoke launchers on the sides of its head with a rocket pod similar to those mounted on the Roundfacer.
 * Abitate T-10B "Blockhead": Height: 11.78 m. Weight: 31.102 tons. Really a prototype than a production model, this version of the Blockhead sports a red paint job and appears in a group of three that surprise the Deloyer 7 team. In terms of weapons it is armed with a mag launcher which acts like a giant grenade launcher or a double barreled anti-armor rifle, a 6-tube missile launcher on the left shoulder, and a double barreled machine gun turret on the head. Future Blockheads appear as the C Type.
 * Abitate T-10C "Blockhead": When the B Type proved successful, the Federation mass-produces the C Type, and it becomes one of the main weapons used by the Federation alongside its Roundfacer units.
 * Soltic H-102 "Bushman": Height: 9.38 m. Weight: 18.951 tons. A light-weight Combat Armor originally designed for mountainous terrain. In terms of weapon it has a 6-tube bullet pod on each side of their head and a mag launcher which acts as a giant grenade launcher. The left shoulder is armed with a shield.
 * Soltic H404S "Mackerel": Height: 8.7 m. Weight: 19.917 tons. The only amphibious Combat Armor shown in the series, and is used in conjunction with the Federation's Naval Fleets and during a massive D-Day type of landing against rebel forces. In terms of weapons it has a pair of 7-tube missile launchers in the abdomen and eight anti-armor guns in each wrist due to the arms being so large they could not operate normal combat armor firearms. It was capable of swimming up to 24 knots while underwater.

Third Generation

 * Soltic HT-128 "Bigfoot": Height: 11.64 m. Weight: 27.043 tons. The largest and most powerful design of the Combat Armors developed by the Federation, it is used in winter conditions high up on the Kalnock mountain range. In terms of weapons they had a double barreled anti-armor rifle, a pair of smoke dispensers on each side of the neck base, and a 6-tube rocket pod on the left side of the head. While able to contribute to rebel losses, they were are unable to defeat the Dougram.
 * Hasty F4X "Ironfoot": Height: 8.94 m. Weight: 29.963 tons. Originally a Federation design, the rebellion incorporates a number of them when an entire Federation army group switches sides during the conflict and joins the rebellion. In terms of weapons it had a linear gun on the right arm, a 9-tube missile pod on the left shoulder, and three smoke dispensers on the left side of the torso. It also goes by the nickname "Hasty".
 * Abitate F35C "Blizzard Gunner": Height: 10.368 m. Weight: 29.65 tons. Deployed late in the series, the Blizzard Gunner becomes one of the main weapons used by the Federation in the region of Kalnock. In terms of weapons it has a linear gun on the main body, a 7-tube missile pod at the top, a 30mm cannon on the left side of their front, and three smoke dispensers on each side of the body.

Influence
Dougram was one of the first successors to the "Real Robot" genre created by Mobile Suit Gundam. The popular mechanical designer Kunio Okawara produced the designs for both shows. Dougram featured a similar plot centered around a small team fighting a running battle with a powerful enemy, using an advanced giant robotic prototype combat armor. The show was a surprise success, especially considering the heavy emphasis on military tactics which slowed the pace of the story, and further confirmed that military 'giant robot' science-fiction was here to stay. Takahashi and Sunrise would go on create a follow-up series, Armored Trooper Votoms, which used similar styling and themes but was otherwise unrelated in plot, characters or setting.

Merchandising
Toymaker Takara was the show's main licensee. They made a very successful plastic model kit series, a large number of diecast toys, and also released several strategy wargames set in the Dougram world. The latter included tiny, unpainted diecast combat armors as playing pieces; additional scale accessories were available separately.

The diecast toys were produced in three sizes. The 1:144 scale "Collection Series" featured a hollow diecast body and leg structure, with plastic detail parts. The "Dual Model Series" (in two scales, 1:72 and 1:48) featured a zinc-diecast endoskeleton upon which plastic armor pieces were attached. Although the imported toys were physically identical to the Japanese ones, the packages were modified for American shelves. The 1:144 scale boxes had sleeves to be hung from pegs, while the larger toys had English-language stickers glued over the original boxes.

Takara also produced a magnetically jointed Dougram and several soft-vinyl toys. Although the vinyls did not have specific scales, they appeared to be between 1:100 and 1:60 scale. Toy manufacturer Seven, a Takara spin-off devoted to low-end toys, produced several plastic and rubber Dougram toys as well.

Dougram appeared in the Harobots games alongside crab gunners and roundfacers. Dougram and both enemy combat armors reappeared in Brave Saga with more combat armors appearing in Brave Saga 2 including Desert Gunners, Cabarov, and Blockheads as well as MP-2 Dueys.

Release outside Japan
Neither the film nor the television series were released in North America. However, plastic model kit manufacturer Revell released many of Takara's Dougram kits as characters in their Robotech Defenders series, and Takara sold much of their diecast toy line through American toy stores in the mid-1980s.

In the mid-1980s, American gaming company FASA Corporation used the vehicle designs of the show for its Battletech miniature wargame and role-playing game. The first edition, then named BattleDroids, actually included two Japanese 1/144 model kits from Dougram. FASA was later sued by Playmates Toys and Harmony Gold USA for using designs from Macross (for example, Valkyrie fighters renamed Stinger, Wasp and Phoenix Hawk). The lawsuit was settled and as a result, post-lawsuit Battletech products no longer feature the designs taken from Macross. However, in the years since, the designs from Macross, Dougram, and Crusher Joe have since been re-introduced, albeit with completely original artwork.

The Dougram tabletop battling game also came out in 1984, the same year Battletech (BattleDroids) was released in America.

title: Fang of the Sun Dougram


text:
Rashid Jahan

Rashid Jahan (25 August 1905 – 29 July 1952) was an Indian writer and medical doctor known for her Urdu literature and trenchant social commentaries. She wrote short stories and plays and contributed to Angarey (1932), a collection of unconventional short stories written in collaboration with Sajjad Zaheer, Ahmed Ali, and Mahmuduz Zafar.

During her lifetime, Jahan was an active member of the Progressive Writers' Movement and the Indian People's Theatre Association. Jahan has been called one of the first ever feminists and was a leading Indian Communist. These two schools of thought animated Jahan's life and literary output.

Early life
Rashid Jahan was born on 25 August 1905 in Aligarh. She was the eldest of seven children born to Sheikh Abdullah and his wife Begum Wahid Jahan. Her father was a leading pioneer of women's English-based education in India and established the Women's College, Aligarh at the Aligarh Muslim University. Sheikh Abdullah also ran the Urdu literary journal Khatun, which promoted women's emancipation and education, and to which Jahan's mother was a frequent contributor. As Jahan's future sister-in-law, Hamida Saiduzzafar, related in a 1973 interview, Rashid once said of her upbringing: ‘‘We have slept on the mattress of women's education and covered ourselves with the quilt of women's education from our earliest consciousness."

Education
Jahan undertook her early education in Aligarh at the Muslim Girls' School and Hostel (which would later become the Women's College, Aligarh), where she studied until she was 16 years old. In 1921, she left Aligarh to join the Isabella Thoburn College in Lucknow, earning a degree in Inter-Science. Jahan wrote her first short stories for the Chand Bagh Chronicle, a publication of the Isabella Thoburn College. Three years later, in 1924, Jahan moved to Lady Hardinge Medical College in Delhi to study obstetrics and gynecology. As a medical student, Jahan organized literacy classes and free medical clinics for poor women. After graduating with an M.B.B.S. in 1929, Jahan joined the United Provinces Provincial Medical Service, and was posted to small towns across north India, from Bahraich to Bulandshahar and Meerut.

Activism
In 1931, Jahan was posted to the Lady Dufferin Hospital (now the Dufferin Hospital) in Lucknow, the capital city of the United Provinces. In Lucknow, Jahan met Sajjad Zaheer, Ahmed Ali, and Mahmuduz Zafar. The following year, the quartet published Angaaray, a collection of short stories railing against the hypocrisies of Islamic orthodoxy and the British Raj. In 1933, Jahan joined the Communist Party of India and became a leading party figure in the United Provinces, adopting the moniker "Comrade Rashid Jahan."

In October 1934, Jahan married Angaaray collaborator and noted Communist Mahmuduz Zafar. Jahan resigned from the United Provinces medical service and joined Zafar in Amritsar soon after. In 1935 and 1936, Jahan was intimately involved in the founding of the Progressive Writers' Association, organizing the First Progressive Writers' Conference in Lucknow during the April of 1936. In 1937, Jahan moved once again, this time to Dehradun, where she continued to be an active member of the Communist Party of India while working as a gynecologist and serving as the editor of the Communist newspaper-cum-literary journal Chingari. In early 1937, Jahan published a collection of plays and short stories entitled Aurat. In the summer of the same year, Jahan travelled to Vienna to seek medical aid for a thyroid problem.

Jahan's political, literary, and medical careers often intersected as she pursued wide-ranging feminist and socialist agendas in the 1930s. Jahan "offered women’s healthcare in lower caste and class communities, educated women in reproductive health and marriage rape in sweepers colonies, held adult education classes, ran her own gynecological medical practice, participated in trade union rallies and protest marches, [...] and authored and orchestrated political street theater." Jahan's younger sister, Begum Khurshid Mirza, writes that Jahan "worked day and night, and most of her earnings went to the [Communist] party fund," from which she and her husband received a small sustenance allowance. Mirza further relates that Jahan became a sort of mother-figure for all the poor comrades and their families. According to Salman Haidar, Jahan's nephew and former Foreign Secretary of India, Jahan was so extensively involved with Communist organizing that she was regularly followed by plainclothes policemen. Jahan's organizing activities continued until March 1949, when she was jailed for three months for participating in a strike that paralyzed the United Provinces railway system. Jahan was released in May 1949 after participating in a hunger strike with her fellow prisoners, but cancer caused Jahan's health to deteriorate by early 1950 and made Jahan unable to continue her lifelong activist projects.

Death
On 2 July 1952, Jahan and her husband left India for the Soviet Union to seek treatment for Jahan's uterine cancer. Jahan was admitted to the Kremlin Hospital but died on 29 July 1952, soon after arriving. Jahan is buried in a Moscow cemetery, where her tombstone reads, "Communist Doctor and Writer."

Literary output
It is thought that Jahan wrote approximately 25-30 original short stories and 15-20 original plays in her lifetime. Two of these short stories appear in Angaaray and six appear in Aurat, while the rest have been lost to time for reasons of obscurity or limited initial circulation. The plays Jahan wrote were intended for radio, and were generally aired on All India Radio during her lifetime.

Jahan also produced a number of translations of English, Russian, and Chinese short stories—among them works by Anton Chekov, Maxim Gorky, and James Joyce—and dramatized short stories written by other Urdu authors, such as Premchand.

Jahan's writings have appeared in Woh aur Dusre Afsane wa Drame (Maktaba Jamia, 1977) and A Rebel and Her Cause (Rakshanda Jalil, 2014).

Angaaray
Published in December 1932 by Nizami Press, Angaaray (translated alternatively as "Embers" or "Burning Coals") was a volume of 10 short stories written by Sajjad Zaheer, Ahmed Ali, Rashid Jahan, and Mahmuduz Zafar. Zaheer contributed 5 short stories to the collection, Ali two, Jahan two, and Zafar one. The two pieces that Jahan contributed to Angaaray were Dilli ki Sair ("A Trip to Delhi") and Parde ke Peeche ("Behind the Veil").

Dilli ki Sair is a three page monologue told from the perspective of a Muslim woman, Malika Begum of Faridabad, who is telling her friends about her trip to Delhi with her husband. However, as her husband left her at the train station to meet one of his friends, the story largely consists of the narrator relating the happenings on the railway platform as she sits on her luggage, starving, and waiting for her husband to take her home. When her husband does return, he offers her a puri, leftovers from his meal in a restaurant, and becomes angry when she refuses. The narrator concludes her story by declaring that she would not want to take a trip even to paradise with her husband. As such, the story is considered to be a brief but penetrating meditation on life behind the veil and the blindness of male privilege towards the experience of women behind the purdah.

Parde ke Peeche is a conversation between two women from affluent, sharif families. One of the women, Muhammadi Begum, has become sick due to multiple pregnancies, having given birth to a daughter every year that she has been married to her husband, who insists on a male heir. Her husband forces her to go through several operations on her sexual organs to make her more attractive and more capable of producing a boy, but Aftab Begum, Muhammadi's sister-in-law and interlocutor, eventually secures the services of a female doctor. This doctor warns Begum's husband that the continuous pregnancies are weakening the health of Muhammadi and suggests that the couple use birth control. This suggestion is clearly ignored, however, as by the end of the story, Begum has finally given birth to a boy, who is shown to mistreat his many elder sisters in the closing scene.

Controversy
Angaaray railed against social inequity, hypocritical Mawlawis, and the exploitation of women in a deeply patriarchal society. These criticisms caused an uproar in the Indian Islamic community, and Angaaray was publicly condemned by the Central Standing Committee of the All-India Shia Conference in Lucknow as a "filthy pamphlet" that had "wounded the feelings of the entire Muslim community." Fatwas were issued against the book and the Urdu press called for its proscription. Demonstrations were held outside book stores and the publisher had to issue a written apology and surrender unsold copies to the government. In March 1933, the British colonial government banned the book for violating religious freedoms under Section 295A of the Indian Penal Code. The outcry was so severe that only five copies from the original press run still exist.

Aurat
Aurat was a 1937 collection of six short stories and the titular play written by Rashid Jahan. A second edition was published posthumously in 1963 at the behest of Jahan's father, Sheikh Abdullah.

Legacy
In 1975, a memorial was held at the Ghalib Academy in New Delhi for the 70th anniversary of Jahan's birth. The event was attended by a number of prominent Urdu and Hindi writers as well as numerous government officials.

In 2004, Aligarh Muslim University stymied a proposed observance of Rashid Jahan's centenary, fearing that "it would provoke political agitation."

Jahan's younger sister, Begum Khurshid Mirza (1918 – 1989), was a noted film actress in British India in the 1930s and 1940s, and later was an accomplished TV actress in Pakistan. Mirza's memoir was published in English in 2005 and includes a chapter on Rashid Jahan (pp. 86–104, A Woman of Substance: The Memoirs of Begum Khurshid Mirza, New Delhi: Zubaan, 2005).

title: Rashid Jahan


text:
Juan Caballero y Ocio

Juan Caballero y Ocio (May 4, 1644 - April 11, 1707) was a priest remarkable for lavish gifts to the Catholic church and for charity.

Life
Caballero was born and died in Querétaro City, Mexico. While still a layman he was mayor of his native city. After taking Holy Orders he held several high offices; he also refused two bishoprics, and an offer from the King of Spain to make him Governor of California after his large donation to the missions there.

A wealthy man, Caballero was known for his substantial donations to the Catholic Church, as well as for other charitable gifts, such as paying the dowries of over two hundred girls. He left his fortune to the church, which held the money in trust until La Reforma.

Sponsored works
Caballero sponsored the construction of many Catholic buildings during his life. In his native city of Querétaro, these included:

 * the Parroquia de Santiago, a Jesuit church
 * the San Ignacio de Loyola Jesuit College
 * expansions to the Church of San Francisco
 * the Church of Santo Domingo
 * the Convent of Santo Domingo
 * the Chapel of Our Lady of Loretto
 * the Royal Convent of Santa Clara, a Capuchine convent
 * a hospital in the Franciscan convent
 * the Temple and Convent of San Antonio de Padua
 * the Templo de Nuestra Señora del Carmen
 * the Santuario de La Congregación de Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe
 * the temporary predecessor to Santa Rosa de Viterbo

Elsewhere, he contributed to:

 * the churches of Sts. Clara, Belen, and Philip Neri in Mexico City
 * the church of St. Dominic in Guadalajara
 * the Spanish missions in California

title: Juan Caballero y Ocio


text:
Wolf 1061

Wolf 1061 (also known as HIP 80824 and V2306 Ophiuchi) is an M-class red dwarf star located about 14.1 light-years away in the constellation Ophiuchus. It is the 36th-closest-known star system to the Sun and has a relatively high proper motion of 1.2 seconds of arc per year. Wolf 1061 does not have any unusual spectroscopic features.

The star
Wolf 1061 was first cataloged in 1919 by German astronomer Max Wolf when he published a list of dim stars that had high proper motions. Wolf 1061's name originates from this list. A seven years study found no evidence of photometric transits and confirms the radial velocity signals are not due to stellar activity. The habitable zone estimate for the system lies between approximately 0.1 and 0.2 AU from the star.

Planetary system
In December 2015, a team of astronomers from the University of New South Wales announced the discovery of three planets orbiting Wolf 1061. The planets were detected by analyzing 10 years of observations of the Wolf 1061 system by the HARPS spectrograph at La Silla Observatory in Chile. The team used archive radial velocity measurements of the star's spectrum in the HARPS data and, along with 8 years of photometry from the All Sky Automated Survey, discovered two definite planets with orbital periods of around 4.9 and 17.9 days and a very likely third with a period of 67.3 days.

All three planets have masses low enough that they are likely to be rocky planets similar to the inner planets of the Solar System although their actual sizes and densities are currently unknown. However, this information could be determined if the planets happen to transit in front of Wolf 1061 when viewed from Earth. Because all three planets orbit close to the star and have short orbital periods, there is a chance that this will occur. The University of New South Wales team estimated the chances of a transit at around 14% for planet b, 6% for planet c, and 3% for planet d.

One of the planets, Wolf 1061c, is a super-Earth located near the inner edge of the star's habitable zone, which conservatively extends from 0.11 to 0.21 AU, or at most from 0.09 to 0.23 AU. It is one of the closest known potentially habitable planets to Earth after Proxima b, Ross 128 b, and Luyten b. The next planet out, Wolf 1061 d, could be marginally habitable depending on its atmosphere's composition as it orbits just beyond the habitable zone.

In March 2017, another team of astronomers re-analyzed the system using the HARPS spectrograph. They found planets b and c to be quite similar to their originally reported parameters, but found that planet d was more massive and in a larger, more eccentric orbit. The team was also able to find updated parameters for the host star. Their results showed that Wolf 1061 c is slightly smaller, yet closer to the inner edge of the habitable zone.

title: Wolf 1061


text: User talk:213.223.67.45

title: User talk:213.223.67.45


text: Template:US First Ladies

title: Template:US First Ladies


text: Talk:The Love Movement

title: Talk:The Love Movement


text:
Talk:Pyramid Lake (Nevada)

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 24 August 2020 and 8 December 2020. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Joshvernaz. Peer reviewers: Shane andrews4.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 07:31, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Image from Space
The image from space is pretty much upside down from the usual north-up orientation - actually north is slightly to the right of straight down. Should we add an arrow or a comment in the caption? Toiyabe 18:46, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I can add a new picture (made with NASA World Wind) which is the correct orientation and is more detailed. I'll upload it shortly. -- Finlay McWalter | Talk 19:02, August 19, 2005 (UTC)

 * Done. Should we use one of these instead of the current image? -- Finlay McWalter | Talk 19:55, August 19, 2005 (UTC)

 * Nice. How 'bout keep the current image from space and add your "Pyramid lake and envrions" shot.  The color and shading in the current image is better, but the environs shot shows the lake in relation to Reno, Nevada, Fernley, Nevada, the Lahontan Reservoir and several other geographic features with their own articles.  Could you put a label in for Reno?  Toiyabe 20:39, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Done (you may need to refresh your cache). I'm not overly happy with the font colour, but I've tried many and everything looks sucky against that kind of background. -- Finlay McWalter |  Talk 18:56, August 21, 2005 (UTC)

 * Excellent! You did spell Fernley wrong, though. Toiyabe 14:39, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

 * D'Oh. Fixed now. -- Finlay McWalter | Talk 15:35, August 22, 2005 (UTC)

Pyramid Lake is Dying
The documentary maker, John Pilger made a documentary about Pyramid Lake and it's Paiute population, called 'Pyramid Lake is Dying'. Would it be worth referencing this in the article? Is it okay to add information about books, documentaries, etc, that are about the same subject as the article, even if the article does not cite from them directly?

http://www.johnpilger.com/page.asp?partID=4

title: Talk:Pyramid Lake (Nevada)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Swabble

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. - Mailer Diablo 17:53, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

Swabble
Hoax. DS 18:48, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete apparent hoax. -- Etacar11   03:48, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I can't find anything positive on this one out there. Alf 11:54, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Swabble


text:
Lester Square

 * Lester Square Round Chair.jpg

Lester Square (born Thomas Hardy, 17 April 1954, Canada) is the former lead guitarist for The Monochrome Set. He joined the first incarnation of Adam and the Ants as lead guitarist, (and its earlier incarnation known as The B-Sides) after meeting Adam while studying at Hornsey College of Art, writing Ants staples "Fall In" and "Fat Fun" during this period. He left in 1978 to form The Monochrome Set with singer-songwriter Bid, a band cited as "a major influence on the Smiths, Franz Ferdinand, Orange Juice, Fire Engines and a whole host of UK indie and post punk bands." He has also briefly played guitar with The Invisible (1985–1987), ...And the Native Hipsters, and Jesus Couldn't Drum.

Square has also composed music for dance performance, most notably Rhythm and Hues, a kinaesthetic exploration of 20th-century works of art in collaboration with the Tate Gallery and Helen McCookerybook. Also in collaboration with McCookerybook, he composed soundtrack music for the Channel 4 documentaries Pictures of Women and No-one Likes Us, We Don't Care, Akiko Hada and Wolfgang Müller's 1991 parable on the fall of the Berlin Wall, The Fall of a Queen, or the Taste of the Fruit to Come.

He has released five solo albums since leaving The Monochrome Set: Carcass in 2017, Serotonin in 2018, Chautauqua in 2019, Nuevo Laredo in 2021 and Invisible Man in 2022.

As a visual artist Square has regularly exhibited his work and between 1996 and 2004 he sat on the editorial board of The International Journal of Art and Design Education, acting as Literary Editor for 5 years. In 2006 he edited “Art Education in a Postmodern World” (Intellect Books).

During that period, he was also a regular contributor to the Times Educational Supplement and has acted as creative arts consultant to the QCDA and The Princes Teaching Institute.

Since 2019, he has sat on the steering group of Music Declares Emergency, an environmental pressure group founded by musicians and members of the wider music industry, contributing to their monthly show on Soho Radio.

Discography
Studio albums with The Monochrome Set
 * Strange Boutique (1980, Dindisc)
 * Love Zombies (1980, Dindisc)
 * Eligible Bachelors (1982, Cherry Red)
 * Dante's Casino (1990, Vinyl Japan)
 * Jack (1991, Honeymoon)
 * Charade (1993, Cherry Red)
 * Misère (1994, Cherry Red)
 * Trinity Road (1995, Cherry Red)
 * Platinum Coils (2012, Disquo Bleu)
 * Super Plastic City (2013, Disquo Bleu)
 * Spaces Everywhere (2015, Tapete Records)

With The Invisible
 * Dystopia (1985, Midnight Music)

Extended plays with The Monochrome Set
 * I Love Lambeth (1995, Cherry Red)

With The Invisible
 * Love Street/Sunday/Twilight Zone (1986, Midnight Music)

Solo
 * The Plug/Gulp (1982, Thin Sliced Records)

Selected compilation albums
 * Volume, Contrast, Brilliance... (Sessions & Singles Vol. 1) (1983, Cherry Red)
 * Westminster Affair (Bande Originale Du Film) (1988, Él)
 * Colour Transmission (1988, Virgin)
 * What a Whopper! (1992, Richmond Records)
 * Early Recordings: 1975–1977 "White Noise" (2010, Captured Tracks)

Box sets
 * The Monochrome Set - 1979-1985: Complete Recordings (Boxset) (2018, Tapete)
 * Little Noises (2020, Cherry Red)

Live albums
 * Fin (1986, Cherry Red )
 * Live (1993, Code 90)
 * M-80 (2013, Wienerworld)

Video albums
 * The Monochrome Set (2002, Classic Rock Productions)
 * Destiny Always Calls Twice (2006, Cherry Red Films)
 * M-80 (2013, Weinerworld)
 * Access All Areas (2015, Edsel)

Singles with The Monochrome Set
 * He's Frank/Alphaville (1979, Rough Trade)
 * He's Frank (Slight Return)/Silicon Carne/Fallout (1979, Rough Trade, Disquo Bleu)
 * The Monochrome Set/Mr. Bizarro (1979, Rough Trade)
 * Eine Symphonie des Grauens/Lester Leaps In (1979, Rough Trade)
 * 405 Lines/Goodbye Joe (1980, Dindisc)
 * The Strange Boutique/Surfing S.W.12 (1980, Dindisc)
 * Apocalypso/Fiasco Bongo (1980, Dindisc)
 * Ten Don'ts for Honeymooners/Straits of Malacca (1981, PRE Records)
 * The Mating Game/J.D.H.A.N.E.Y (1982, Cherry Red)
 * The Jet Set Junta/Love Goes Down the Drain/Noise (Eine Kleine Symphonie) (1982, Cherry Red)
 * Killing Dave/House of God (live) (1991, Honeymoon)
 * Forever Young/Hurting You/Little Noises (1993, Cherry Red)
 * Waiting for Alberto/I Can’t Control My Feet (Lazy Perfection, 2012)

Solo albums
 * Carcass (2017, Cubist Records)
 * Serotonin (2018, Cubist Records)
 * Chautauqua (2019, Cubist Records)
 * Nuevo Laredo (2020, Cubist Records)
 * Invisible Man (2022, Cubist Records)

Extended play
 * Cuts (with Craig Gannon) (2020, Cubist Records)

Singles
 * Ricochet (with Victory Through Sound) (2017, Cubist Records)
 * I Come and Stand at Every Door (with Tilly Robinson) (2020, Cubist Records)

As a guest
 * With The Native Hipsters: Going Steady with Larry and Emma (1983, Plattecop Volume)
 * Jesus Couldn’t Drum: Er…Something about Cows (1985, Lost Moment)
 * Jesus Couldn’t Drum: Good Morning Mr Square (1986, Lost Moment)
 * The Cat and Mouse Band: From the Caves of the Whistling Blue Fish monks (1987, Lost Moment)
 * The Wood-Be-Goods: Mondo (1992, Polystar)
 * Helen McCookerybook: Helen and the Horns Etc (2005, New Shore Records)
 * Helen McCookerybook: Suburban Pastoral (2006, Big Song)
 * Helen McCookerybook: Christmas Assortment (2007, Bendi Records)
 * The Native Hipsters: There Goes Concorde Again (2001, MRM)
 * Peat Moss: Moustache Vending Machine (2016, Red Velvet Records)
 * Wilding and Unwilding: Hard Noise to Scumrise (2020)
 * Miniatures (2020, The 62nd Gramophone Company)

title: Lester Square


text:
WBSF

WBSF (channel 46), branded CW 46, is a television station licensed to Bay City, Michigan, United States, serving northeastern Michigan as an affiliate of The CW. It is owned by Cunningham Broadcasting, which maintains a shared services agreement (SSA) with Sinclair Broadcast Group, owner of Flint-licensed Fox affiliate WSMH (channel 66), for the provision of certain services. Sinclair also operates Saginaw-licensed NBC affiliate WEYI-TV (channel 25) under a separate SSA with owner Howard Stirk Holdings.

The three stations share studios on West Pierson Road in Mount Morris Township (with a Flint mailing address); WBSF's transmitter is located at its former studios on West Willard Road in Vienna Township along the Genesee–Saginaw county line (with a Clio mailing address).

History
A permit was issued by the FCC for a new station on channel 46 in Bay City to Vista Communications Group in late 2003. The station was expected to be the WB network affiliate for the Flint/Tri-Cities market.

On October 1, 2004, the station's construction permit was approved. In that same year, Barrington launched WBSF on cable and on WEYI's second digital subchannel, bringing The WB back to the market after a three-year absence (WB programming in-market was last seen on WEYI on a secondary clearance from 1999 to 2001; Flint–Saginaw area cable systems piped in New York City's WPIX for WB programming from 2001 to 2004). On February 2, 2005, the FCC transferred the permit to Acme Television then to Barrington Broadcasting.

With the merger of The WB and UPN to become The CW, WBSF became the area's network affiliate in September 2006 when the channel began broadcasting over the air. Because of this, a chance existed that WKBD (which along with WBKP are the only other over-the-air CW affiliates in Michigan) would be dropped from this market's cable systems as both WBSF and WKBD would be CW affiliates. However, in the case of Midland, two CBS affiliates do coexist on the same cable system. This occurred on Charter's Tri-Cities systems which replaced WKBD with MyNetworkTV affiliate WNEM-DT2 that became the new home of Pistons basketball that year. As a result of the network change, WBSF rebranded from "Mid-Michigan's WB" to "CW 46 Mid-Michigan". However, its call letters were not changed as the "B" in the calls also stands for Bay City which is the station's city of license. "S" and "F" stand for Saginaw and Flint, respectively. WBSF signed-on its analog channel on September 13, 2006, although it continues to be seen on WEYI-DT2. As such, it is the only full-power television station to be built and signed-on by Barrington Broadcasting although Barrington acquired its construction permit from ACME Communications before construction began.

On February 28, 2013, Barrington announced that it would sell its entire group, including WBSF and WEYI, to Sinclair Broadcast Group. However, due to FCC duopoly regulations, since Sinclair already owns Fox affiliate WSMH, Sinclair will transfer the license assets of WBSF to Cunningham Broadcasting and of WEYI to Howard Stirk Holdings (owned by conservative talk show host Armstrong Williams). WSMH will take over the operations of both WBSF and WEYI through local marketing agreements when the deal is completed. The sale was completed on November 25.

Programming
WBSF has served as an alternate NBC affiliate. In 2006, the channel aired an episode of Friday Night Lights on tape delay due to WEYI's broadcast of the second Michigan gubernatorial debate. The station may air any preempted NBC program should the preemption occur on WEYI for a local special, breaking news story, any other emergency, or beginning in August 2017, Detroit Lions preseason football.

Newscasts
WBSF once aired a weeknight newscast called The 7 O'Clock News on CW 46 which was produced by WEYI. This production was canceled in April 2008. The station, being operated by Sinclair and a CW affiliate, may carry sports from Sinclair Networks' Stadium as it was slated for its CW or My Network TV affiliated stations.

Subchannels
The station's ATSC 1.0 channels are carried on the multiplexed signals of sister stations WEYI and WSMH:

Analog-to-digital conversion
In June 2008, WBSF received its construction permit for its digital facilities with the station switching from analog to digital broadcasting on June 12, 2009.

ATSC 3.0 conversion
The station began broadcasting in ATSC 3.0 on March 15, 2022, carrying the signal of that station along with WJRT-TV, WNEM, WSMH, and WEYI-TV.

{{legend|#ffe8d0|Subchannel broadcast with digital rights management}}

title: WBSF


text:
Restriction site

Restriction sites, or restriction recognition sites, are located on a DNA molecule containing specific (4-8 base pairs in length ) sequences of nucleotides, which are recognized by restriction enzymes. These are generally palindromic sequences (because restriction enzymes usually bind as homodimers), and a particular restriction enzyme may cut the sequence between two nucleotides within its recognition site, or somewhere nearby.

Function
For example, the common restriction enzyme EcoRI recognizes the palindromic sequence GAATTC and cuts between the G and the A on both the top and bottom strands. This leaves an overhang (an end-portion of a DNA strand with no attached complement) known as a sticky end on each end of AATT. The overhang can then be used to ligate in (see DNA ligase) a piece of DNA with a complementary overhang (another EcoRI-cut piece, for example).

Some restriction enzymes cut DNA at a restriction site in a manner which leaves no overhang, called a blunt end. Blunt ends are much less likely to be ligated by a DNA ligase because the blunt end doesn't have the overhanging base pair that the enzyme can recognize and match with a complementary pair. Sticky ends of DNA however are more likely to successfully bind with the help of a DNA ligase because of the exposed and unpaired nucleotides. For example, a sticky end trailing with AATTG is more likely to bind with a ligase than a blunt end where both the 5' and 3' DNA strands are paired. In the case of the example the AATTG would have a complementary pair of TTAAC which would reduce the functionality of the DNA ligase enzyme.

Applications
Restriction sites can be used for multiple applications in molecular biology such as identifying restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs).

Databases
Several databases exist for restriction sites and enzymes, of which the largest noncommercial database is REBASE. Recently, it has been shown that statistically significant nullomers (i.e. short absent motifs which are highly expected to exist) in virus genomes are restriction sites indicating that viruses have probably got rid of these motifs to facilitate invasion of bacterial hosts. Nullomers Database contains a comprehensive catalogue of minimal absent motifs many of which might potentially be not-yet-known restriction motifs.

title: Restriction site


text:
Athletics at the 1952 Summer Olympics

At the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki, 33 athletics events were contested, 24 for men and 9 for women. There were a total number of 963 participating athletes from 57 countries.

Records broken
During the 1952 Summer Olympic Games, 26 new Olympic records and 8 new world records were set in the athletics events.

Participating nations
A total of 57 nations participated in the different Athletics events at the 1952 Summer Olympics.

title: Athletics at the 1952 Summer Olympics