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Middle-market company

A middle-market or mid-market company is one that is larger than a small business and smaller than a big business. Different authorities use different metrics to compare company sizes — some look at revenue, others at either asset size or number of employees — with the result that different authorities give different definitions of the "middle market".

Definitions of the middle market are generally derived by dividing the United States economy into three categories: small business, middle-market, and big business. According to figures collected by the U.S. Census Bureau, the total revenue of all U.S. businesses in 2012 was roughly $32.6 trillion. The largest of these companies, which are big businesses with revenue of over $3 billion, make up roughly one-third of that total, and businesses with a revenue of under $100 million made up about another third of the total revenue. The middle market can thus be defined as the companies larger than small businesses but smaller than big businesses that account for the middle third of the U.S. economy's revenue.

Other authorities define middle-market firms differently. The National Center for the Middle Market at the Ohio State University Fisher College of Business as well as Dun & Bradstreet’s proprietary database of commercially-active U.S. firms define middle market businesses as those companies with revenues between $10 million and $1 billion per year. The definition is defined in reference to small businesses, which earn less than $10 million in annual revenue, and big business, which earn at least $1 billion in revenues and are generally the smallest eligible for a credit rating by one of the "major" credit-rating agencies. Investopedia considers middle market firms to be those with sizable annual revenues, ranging from $50 million to $1 billion, which straddle the market between smaller companies and billion-dollar giants.

In the United States
The 200,000 plus US-based mid-market companies are essential to America's economic success. They account for $10 trillion annually of the $30 trillion U.S. private sector gross receipts and 30 million jobs. If the U.S. middle market were a country, its GDP would rank it as the fourth-largest economy in the world.

In Europe
Mid-market companies—companies that are too big to be considered SMEs, but smaller than big, exchange listed businesses—play a key role in the UK and in the other top European economies.

According to an in depth report by ESSEC Business School and GE Capital, across the UK, Germany, France and Italy (the EU-4), the mid-market represents a relatively small number of companies (ranging from a low of 1.2% in Germany to 1.7% in France) and yet it generates about one third of private sector revenue and employs about a third of each country's workforce. Combined, the middle market in the four European countries contributes €1.11 trillion ($1.48 trillion) to the EU-4 GDP. This makes the middle market in the EU-4 one of the top 10 economies in the world, ahead of India and Russia.

In the study, Professor Ashwin Malshe of ESSEC defined the middle market differently for each country. For example, Italy has 3.7 million firms with revenue of less than€5 million, while Germany has only 1.7 million companies this size this means that applying a single European or global definition of a mid-market firm is difficult. In the UK, mid-market firms are those with between £15m and £800m of annual revenues.

The average UK middle market firm has revenue of £78 million (€98 million) and employs 500 people, similar in size to its German counterparts but larger than the typical mid-market firm in France or Italy.

Middle-market organizations
Entities have evolved to serve businesses in the middle market, including for-profit and institutions of higher learning. In the latter category, the Graziadio School of Private Capital Markets at Pepperdine University produces quarterly and annual data on the middle market via their Private Capital Markets Project. Other entities include the Association for Corporate Growth (ACG), which provides a global community for mergers, acquisitions, and corporate growth professionals. ACG's stated objective is to drive middle-market growth. ACG publishes Middle Market Growth online. International alliances such as Alliott Group bring together independent local practices that offer professional services (accounting, tax and legal) to middle market companies targeting growth through expansion to the international marketplace.

title: Middle-market company


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List of Eyeshield 21 characters

The Eyeshield 21 anime and manga series features an extensive cast of characters created by Riichiro Inagaki and Yusuke Murata. The series takes place in Tokyo, Japan, where the members of Deimon Devil Bats have the ambition to compete at the Christmas Bowl, the most important high school American football championship of the country.

The main character of the series is Sena Kobayakawa, a wimpy boy who was a gofer to avoid being bullied during his childhood; he enters Deimon High School. While he runs away from the Ha-Ha Brothers his running ability is witnessed by Yoichi Hiruma, the captain of the Deimon Devil Bats, the school's American football team. After this, Hiruma coerces Sena to join the club under the alias "Eyeshield 21" to keep him from being recruited by other teams. Sena and Hiruma along with the other member of the club, Ryokan Kurita, try to recruit new players to compete at the Christmas Bowl.

While developing the characters, Murata intended to create characters who have unique qualities and that could stand out amidst the teams they are included. He focused his work on the characters' outfits since he thought it was the thing that would be most noted during the matches. Inagaki also used real-world influence for the teams. Most reviewers have praised the characters of the series, declaring that the characters are one of the best elements of the Eyeshield 21 series as they are distinguishable.

Creation and conception
When Riichiro Inagaki and Yusuke Murata were creating the Eyeshield 21 series, Murata was concerned that each character had a stand-out quality because many of them are in groups. Murata said that "due to their heavy protective gear, it would be very difficult to identify personal characteristics in games" and because of this he decided to become more engaged in detailing their clothes, "so the most work on character designs are on their uniforms". Inagaki conceived the teams knowing that "each team has its own style", and designed the characters prior to assigning them a team.

Main characters
The main characters of the Eyeshield 21 series are part of Deimon Devil Bats, (泥門デビルバッツ) an American football team based on Deimon Private Senior High School. (私立泥門高等学校) The Deimon Devil Bats were founded by Yoichi Hiruma, Ryokan Kurita, and Musashi under the name of Mao Devil Bats. (麻黄デビルバッツ) After its inaugural year, they need to refound the team in Deimon. However, its membership was further reduced with the departure of Musashi. This remains the case until Hiruma discovers Sena Kobayakawa and his amazing running ability. For the creation of Deimon Devil Bats' uniform, Murata was inspired by the Philadelphia Eagles' gear and helmets, and for its logo he created six prototypes, saying he "spent a lot of work on designing the logo".

Sena Kobayakawa

Sena Kobayakawa (小早川 瀬那) is one of the main characters in the Eyeshield 21 series. During his childhood, he was a shy boy who was bullied and needed to be protected by Mamori Anezaki. Seeing this, Riku Kaitani, a young friend of Sena, taught him a running technique he referred to as the "explosive run" so Sena could defend himself. However, Sena used this to become a gofer for others instead of getting rid of bullies. In his first day at Deimon High School, he is chased by three bullies known as the Ha-Ha Brothers and his speed is discovered by Hiruma. Under the alias "Eyeshield 21" because of the green eyeshield he wears to conceal his identity, Sena joins Deimon's football team as a running back.

Yoichi Hiruma

Yoichi Hiruma (蛭魔　妖一) is the captain and the quarterback of the Deimon Devil Bats. When he was a child, Hiruma learned about American football after crawling through a hole in a fence of an American military base. He befriended Ryokan Kurita and Musashi, and with them, founded the Mao Devil Bats. After completing middle school he intended to join the Shinryuji Naga, but as Kurita failed the entrance exam, he entered Deimon. Along with Kurita and Musashi, he re-established their former club, Mao Devil Bats, but renamed the team the Deimon Devil Bats. As Musashi leaves the club and few people have an interest in American football, he starts to blackmail students, forcing them to join the club. Hiruma is greatly feared both by students and administrative members of the school. Besides blackmailing people, he also intimidates them with the multiple firearms he carries with him. He is also a genius in maverick trick plays and mind games that he uses to try to frighten his adversaries.

Ryokan Kurita

Ryokan Kurita (栗田　良寛) is the largest and strongest lineman and player in the Deimon Devil Bats. Kurita met Hiruma and Musashi before entering high school, and with them founded the Mao Devil Bats, promising that one day they would contest the Christmas Bowl. Before completing high school, Kurita wanted to join the Shinryuji Naga through a scholarship, but Agon Kongo, who is considered a prodigy, entered his vacancy, and since he could not pass the school's exam he joined Deimon. Kurita is a kind-hearted individual who tries to do not hurt other people, but while on the field he does not hesitate to use all his strength. When playing, Kurita shouts his kiai "Funnuraba!" (フンヌラバっ) when exerting extra effort. At the end of the series, he is shown to be attending Enma University alongside Sena, Monta, Riku, Mizumachi, Unsui and Kotaro.

Monta

Taro Raimon (雷門　太郎) is the primary wide receiver of the Deimon Devil Bats. He is most known as Monta (モン太), a nickname given to him by Hiruma, who said that this name alluded to Joe Montana. Initially, he wants to become a baseball player, and sees Masaru Honjo, a Shuei the Bears' outfielder, as an idol. However, due to his lack of ability in other areas than reception he is not cast for the main team. Then, Sena invites him to join the Devil Bats, but he refuses the offer. Monta only enters the team after being scammed by Hiruma, who says the team needed someone to protect Mamori Anezaki from the egoistic and harmful Eyeshield 21. From there on, he decides he will become a hero through American football. He has a habit to go into a pose after a catch while yelling "Catch Max", also adding "Max" to nearly anything he describes while excited or determined. In many aspects, Monta resembles a monkey, and it is used as a recurring gag throughout the series. At the end of the series, he is shown to be attending Enma University.

Mamori Anezaki

Mamori Anezaki (姉崎 まもり) is a childhood friend of Sena that has been protecting him from bullies since primary school. At high school, and after Sena joins the American football club, Mamori also joins it as the club manager to protect him. Despite joining the club just to protect Sena, she eventually becomes an excellent manager who knows the rules, analyzes the adversaries strategies and creates strategies to combat them. Mamori's drawing abilities are terrible if compared to her other academic abilities—actually she is one of the school's top three students—and it is a recurring gag throughout the series.

The Ha-Ha Brothers

The Ha-Ha Brothers (ハァハァ3兄弟) are three juvenile delinquents who join the team after Hiruma blackmails them with a negative of a picture where they appear nude. Despite not being brothers, Hiruma calls them this way due to their habit of expression, with each one of the trio saying "Ha!?", in rapid succession with a crescendo. The gang is formed by Kazuki Jumonji, (十文字 一輝) considered the group's leader, Koji Kuroki, (黒木 浩二) and Shozo Togano. (戸叶 庄三) They join the club permanently after passing the test that consists in climbing Tokyo Tower without letting an ice bag melt. They are notably poor and inexperienced at the game when they start out, and so they are called "trash" by other players, journalists and even the father of Jumonji. This disbelief, however, make them strive to prove to those who do not believe in their skills that they are very capable linemen.

Manabu Yukimitsu

Manabu Yukimitsu (雪光 学) is a second-year student who has always been dedicated to only the studies. His mother wants him to be a studious person and makes him study from day till night in addition to going to cram school. Contradicting his mother, Yukimitsu decides he wants to have sweet memories of his high school not related to studying, and so he applies for Hiruma's qualification test and enters the Deimon Devil Bats. Yukimitsu does not participate in the first game and knowing his limitations he begins to devote more on training to dispute the Autumn Tokyo Tournament. However, he is not cast to that competition, making his debut only in the match against the Shinryuji Naga at the Kantō Tournament.

Daikichi Komusubi

Daikichi Komusubi (小結 大吉) is one of the linemen of the Deimon Devil Bats. Daikichi is highly impressed by Kurita's amazing strength when first sees him and decides that he wants to become Kurita's "apprentice". He joined the team after surviving the Tokyo Tower qualifying test, beating out the Ha-Ha Brothers. He does not talk much, and speaks only in the so-called "language of strong men", that only "truly strong men" (his father and Kurita) can understand, which consists mostly of strange grunts and one-word sentences.

Suzuna Taki

Suzuna Taki (瀧 鈴音) is a blue-haired girl who is always wearing rollerblades. In the manga, Suzuna first appears in a scene in the United States where she is looking for her brother, Natsuhiko, and meets with Sena; in the anime, she appears before it, yet in Japan, where she is working as a reporter hired to discover the secret identity of Eyeshield 21. Later, Suzuna follows the team back to Japan and then proclaims herself a cheerleader for the Devil Bats even though she is not from Deimon High School.

Doburoku Sakaki

Doburoku Sakaki (酒奇 溝六) is the physical trainer and equipment manager of the Deimon Devil Bats and a former American footballer. He trained Hiruma, Musashi, and Kurita, and taught them how to play American football before they entered high school. However, after his loan shark's debts became too high because of his gambling habits, he left them and fled to the United States. There, he became a beach football coach, returning to Japan only after Hiruma paid all his debts. He and Ojo's trainer and coach, Gunpei Shoji, were teammates at Sengoku University's American football team, and were known as "The Twin Japanese Blades", (二本刀) where he played as a tight end.

Natsuhiko Taki

Natsuhiko Taki (瀧 夏彦) is a high school student who has the dream of becoming an NFL player. He is an incredibly vain and narcissistic person usually dismissed as an idiot by several people, including his sister Suzuna and Hiruma, due to his odd and rather foolish attitude; it is exemplified by his habit of opening his jacket to bare his pecs and making weird poses and pirouettes. However, Taki takes football seriously and uses his flexibility to block his opponents. After he is rejected by Japan's high school teams, Taki travels to the United States, abandoning his family, to attend open tryouts in San Antonio by taking all the savings in his house to afford his flight and traveling expenses. Taki fails, but Sena asks him to join the Devil Bats back in Japan as a tight end. However, Hiruma only allows him to join the team if he follows them in the Death March, a journey of two thousand kilometers along the Mojave Desert. After arriving in Japan, he has yet to make the high school entrance exam, and he debuts only in the second match of the Autumn Tokyo Tournament.

Musashi

Gen Takekura (武蔵 厳), most known as Musashi (ムサシ), is the kicker of the Deimon Devil Bats. Along with Hiruma and Kurita, he established the team originally under the name of Mao Devil Bats during their middle school years. However, Musashi is forced to leave the team and drop out of high school during his first year at Deimon to work as the construction foreman at his family company after his father had suffered an accident at work. Despite this, Musashi has his company help build updated accommodations for the Devil Bats and maintains a cordial relationship with Hiruma. Sena and Monta discover Musashi's identity and he promises to return to Deimon if they can prove themselves to him. Musashi repeatedly refuses to rejoin his former teammates until the later phase of the fall tournament, after his father and workers convince him to return. In the manga, it occurs against the Seibu Wild Gunmen, and in the anime he returns later against the Bando Spiders. Despite the title of "The 60-yard Magnum" (60ヤードマグナム) being actually a lie that Hiruma fabricated to scare the opponents, this arouses the rivalry of Kotaro Sasaki, and it becomes truth when Mushashi converts a field goal of 60 meters against Teikoku Alexanders at the Christmas Bowl.

Tetsuo Ishimaru

Tetsuo Ishimaru (石丸 哲生) is the Devil Bats' second running back. Ishimaru is recruited from the track team by Sena who takes over half of his paper route for him. Ishimaru is considered an extremely ordinary person, and thus, many times, his adversaries and even teammates do not note his presence on the field. Nevertheless, Ishimaru's obscurity works to his advantage when playing since no one notices when he is handing the ball.

Ojo White Knights
The Ojo White Knights (王城ホワイトナイツ) are considered the second best team in Kantō behind Shinryuji Naga at the start of Eyeshield 21. Three years prior to the series' start, a group of defense-focused Ojo players known as "Golden Generation" manages to get close to defeat the Shinryuji Naga. However, they are defeated after Agon and Unsui Kongo enter the match. Its members include Seijuro Shin, the linebacker, Haruto Sakuraba, the wide receiver, Ichiro Takami, the quarterback, Makoto Otawara, the captain, and Gunpei Shoji (庄司軍平), nicknamed Shogun (ショーグン), the head coach and trainer.

Seijuro Shin

Seijuro Shin (進 清十郎) is the ace linebacker of the Ojo White Knights. Shin only joins an American football club because he is accompanying Haruto Sakuraba on the admission exam when the coach Gunpei Shoji sees his potential. Over time, he is regarded as the best linebacker in Japan, and is known for his obsessive training habits. Shin is also a good observer; at the first time Shin meets Sena, he realizes that Sena is the "Eyeshield 21", starting their rivalry. Despite this, he serves as a personal coach for Sena during the Devil Bats' preparation for the Christmas Bowl. Shin was modeled after Bruce Lee, and Murata noted he becomes like a real person as the story progresses.

Haruto Sakuraba

Haruto Sakuraba (桜庭 春人) is the Ojo White Knights' wide receiver. While in high school he entered the team due to his unpaired height; however, Shin surpasses him. Sakuraba feels envious of Shin's success and achievements, and disappointed with himself he becomes a model of Jari Productions. Because of his popularity, people mistake him for the ace of the Ojo team; however, he is initially seen by the other players only as a pitchman and an average player. After getting injured and being hospitalized he meets Torakichi, a boy who admires him only due to his skills, and Sakuraba becomes excited again to play American football. Sakuraba starts to try harder, shaves his hair and let his beard grow, and before the start of the Autumn Tokyo Tournament he resigns with Jari Pro.

Ichiro Takami

Ichiro Takami (高見 伊知郎) is the Ojo White Knights' quarterback. At first, a childhood leg injury left him unable to run as quickly as quarterbacks need to run. After the coach told him he could not play due to this drawback, he decided to train more running and to study calculations to make his passes more precise. Finally, after his fourth year on the team, he became the team's starting quarterback for the Kantō Tournament.

Makoto Otawara

Makoto Otawara (大田原誠) is the captain and the largest lineman for the White Knights. Otawara is a very loud and brash person, who always says what he thinks. He also has a flatulence problem and makes no effort to hide it. In contrast to his strength, Otawara is plain stupid, as Shoji, the White Knight's coach, puts it, and even he admits it. Although most featured as a comic relief in the series, Otawara can be very insightful, which genuinely shocks just about everyone. Later, he serves as a personal coach for Daikichi Komusubi during the Devil Bats' preparation for the Christmas Bowl.

Seibu Wild Gunmen
The Seibu Wild Gunmen (西部ワイルドガンマンズ) are a team from the Kantō region of Japan. They are considered to be the strongest offensive team in Tokyo. Its members include Kid, the quarterback, Jo Tetsuma, the wide receiver, Riku Kaitani, the running back, Buffalo Ushijima, (バッファロー牛島) a lineman and the team's captain, and "Doc" Holiday, (ドク堀出) the coach.

Kid

Kid (キッド), whose real name is Shien Mushanokoji (武者小路紫苑), is the Seibu Wild Gunmen's quarterback. He is the son of Hajime Mushanokoji, (武者小路一) a three-time Olympic gold medalist in shooting sport. His father always wanted Shien to be a shooter like him and imposed on his son a lot of pressure. After he could not win a championship and thought he disappointed his father, Shien left his home and abandoned his name, adopting the pseudonym "Kid". He is known for having one of the quickest passing arms as he never took a sack. In the "Quick-Draw Pass" he throws the ball in 0.2 seconds by using both of his hands to generate a fast spiral, and due to this and his background in shooting he earned the moniker "Quick-Draw Kid". (早撃ちキッド)

Jo Tetsuma

Jo Tetsuma (鉄馬丈) is the wide receiver of the Seibu Wild Gunmen. He is a childhood friend of Kid and his father was the driver of Kid's father's. He is very quiet and follows all orders given to him in an extreme way; he memorizes a number of different passing routes, and once Kid calls one out, he will almost automatically not falter from the course unless overpowered. However, he does act upon his own impulses to help keep Monta from attacking the referee to keep the Devil Bats from being disqualified. Later, he serves as a personal coach for Manabu Yukimitsu during the Devil Bats' preparation for the Christmas Bowl.

Riku Kaitani

Riku Kaitani (甲斐谷陸) is the running back of the Seibu Wild Gunmen. He is a childhood friend of Sena, whom he considers a little brother, and who taught Sena how to run extremely fast in order to stand up to bullies. Riku eventually moves away and only meets Sena again during the Autumn Tokyo Tournament. Later, he serves as a personal coach for Tetsuo Ishimaru during the Devil Bats' preparation for the Christmas Bowl. At the end of the series, he is shown to be attending Enma University.

Shinryuji Naga
Shinryuji Naga (神龍寺ナーガ) is considered the strongest high school American football team in Kantō. It is based on Kanagawa in a boys-only school which follows Buddhism. Prior to the series' start, they have never been defeated at the Kantō Tournament. However, in the first game of the tournament, the Devil Bats overcomes them. Its members include the Kongo brothers—Agon and Unsui—, Ikkyu Hosokawa, the cornerback, Gondayu Yamabushi, the senior lineman, Sanzo, (サンゾー) an androgynous-looking running back, and Sumito Sendoda, (仙洞田 寿人) the coach.

Agon Kongo

Agon Kongo (金剛阿含) is the younger of twin brothers on the Shinryuji Naga team. Agon joined the school through a scholarship for students with athletic skills above average, and he is considered a genius player who appears only once in a century, and he treats everyone with indifference, arrogance, and as worthless trash. He can play in most of the skill positions, and has a reaction time of 0.11 seconds. However, Agon is a womanizer and irresponsible, having to be monitored by his brother, Unsui. Inagaki described him as "a real ladies' man, a very strong character" and noted he could not depict Agon "laying with the ladies" in a shōnen manga.

Unsui Kongo

Unsui Kongo (金剛雲水) is the Naga's quarterback. He is known for his dedication to training and for his passion for football but is considered merely "a good player", the opposite of his brother, Agon. Unsui never overcome his brother, and, aware of such situation, he decided to make his brother the best player as possible, even taking responsibility for Agon's actions. However, at the end of the series, Unsui joins a different university from Agon, wishing to grow on his own and to overcome his brother.

Ikkyu Hosokawa

Ikkyu Hosokawa (細川一休) is the Naga's cornerback. He has the record of 4.9 seconds in the 40-yard-dash while running backward, making him the best cornerback in the Kantō region. He is the only player on the Naga that Agon has any respect for since he is also considered a genius. Later, he serves as a personal coach for Monta during the Devil Bats' preparation for the Christmas Bowl. Ikkyu peppers his speech with the inflection "oni", which is used as an emphatic phrase, and is usually translated as "completely".

Gondayu Yamabushi

Gondayu Yamabushi (山伏権太夫) is one of the senior members and linemen of the Naga team and its captain. He joins the team through a scholarship for sportsmen, and is an elite player, according to his coach. During his freshman year, Yamabushi was noted alongside fellow receiver Doujirou Tenma as the future of the team. However, as skilled as he was, the lineman is embarrassed when Tenma is recruited for the all-stars of Teikoku Alexanders instead of himself..

Teikoku Alexanders
Teikoku Alexanders (帝黒アレキサンダーズ) are a team based out of Osaka. They are known as the ultimate all-star team and, prior to the match against the Devil Bats, no team had scored against them, they have never called a timeout, and they have won the Christmas Bowl since its inception. They recruit the best players from all the country and stick them into a six-tiered ranking system. Players who want to move up in the ranks must memorize over one thousand different plays and all of the first string members must be able to run forty yards in under five seconds. Its members include Takeru Yamato, the running back, Taka Honjo, the wide receiver, Karin Koizumi, the quarterback, Kureji Hera (平良呉二), most known as Heracles, a lineman and the captain, and Reisuke Aki (安芸礼介), most known as Achilles, a lineman who joins the team due to its cheerleaders.

Takeru Yamato
Takeru Yamato (大和猛) is the "real" Eyeshield 21. He obtained the title while attending Notre Dame High School in the United States, becoming the first player of Japanese descent to do so. There, he felt he lacked speed and strength, so he focused everything on balance to become unstoppable in a charge, called the "Caesar Charge". However, after he was outran by Panther, then a ball boy, during a game between Notre Dame and NASA when the two teens chased after a runaway ball, former Notre Dame student Donald Oberman witnessed this and had Yamato removed from the team, believing that Yamato was undeserving of the Eyeshield 21 title. Yamato returned to Japan in order to reach the top and find an opponent capable of facing him; he then enrolled at Teikoku High School, reaching the football team's first tier after one day. Shortly after enrolling, Yamato gave up the Eyeshield 21 moniker, which he then passed onto Hayato Akaba when he was recruited by Teikoku. When the Deimon Devil Bats qualify for the Christmas Bowl, Yamato meets the current Eyeshield 21, Sena, and changes back to his old Eyeshield 21 title.

Yamato and Sena face each other at the Christmas Bowl as deciding on who becomes the Real Eyeshield 21.

Taka Honjo
Taka Honjo (本庄鷹) is the wide receiver of the Teikoku Alexanders and the son of Masaru Honjo. He is known for his high jumps, having the Japanese high school record in long jump, which allows him to seem like he is walking on air when catching the ball. Masaru constantly trained Taka during his youth aiming Taka to be the best, and so he has no goal, as he thinks there is no other wide receiver as good as he. Taka eventually finds a suitable rival in Monta, who initially fears to go against Taka due to Masaru being his idol, but who defeat him in the end.

Karin Koizumi
Karin Koizumi (小泉香燐) is the quarterback of the team and the only female player in the series. She would have joined the manga club when she started high school. Her skills as a player are discovered by Taka after he catches a ball that she threw back to him. She is reluctant at first but agrees after Yamato talks to her. As she had a natural ability for passes, Karin only trains hard to improve her dodging ability.

Taiyo Sphinx
The Taiyo Sphinx (太陽スフィンクス) are a team based in the Kanagawa prefecture. They are renowned for their "Pyramid Line" composed of strong and heavy offensive and defensive linemen. Its members include Banba Mamoru, the captain, Kiminari Harao, (原尾 王城) an eccentric quarterback who has his own harem and is considered a below average player, Niinobu Kasamatsu, (笠松新信) the second-largest player of the Pyramid Line who is easily irritated and tricked, Ken Kamaguruma, (鎌車ケン) a tall first-year cornerback whose speciality is the bump technique.

Mamoru Banba

Mamoru Banba (番場衛) is the Taiyo Sphinx's captain. Considered one of the best linemen in Japan, he is a third-year student who holds the school record for squats. He is distinguished by his massive physique, complete baldness, and, during the Kantō Tournament, multiple scars from training. Later, he serves as a personal coach for Shozo Togano during the Devil Bats' preparation for the Christmas Bowl.

NASA Aliens
The NASA Shuttles (NASAシャトルズ) are a team based in Houston, Texas. The team was known as the NASA Aliens (NASAエイリアンズ) before they changed their name after their loss to the Devil Bats in a match they have bet with Hiruma that if the NASA Aliens could not win with a lead of ten points or more, they would not return to the United States. Then its coach, Leonardo Apollo, changed the team name to return to their home country. Its members include Panther, the running back, Homer Fitzgerald, (ホーマー・フィッツジェラルド) the quarterback whose specialty is a long pass known as the "Shuttle Pass",, Jeremy Watt, (ジェレミー・ワット) the Japanophile wide receiver, and two brothers, Nisan (ニーサン・ゴンザレス) and Otto Gonzalez; (オットー・ゴンザレス) the former is tall and strong and the latter smaller, but faster. Inagaki visited a space center to collect reference materials to use as a basis for creating the team.

Panther

Patrick Spencer (パトリック・スペンサー), most known as Panther (パンサー), is the only black member of the NASA Aliens. He is also known as "The Man who Possesses Weightless Legs" (無重力の脚を持つ男) because he has innate and extraordinary running talents. However, by the start of the series, he is just used as a ball boy by the team coach, Leonard Apollo. Panther struggles because he has the dream of becoming a professional NFL player to sustain his grandmother, and also because he admires Apollo. Apollo allows him to play for the first time in the match against the Devil Bats. Later, he is recruited by the Team USA.

Leonard Apollo

Leonard Apollo (レオナルド・アポロ) is the coach of the NASA Aliens team. He is a former professional, NFL player, known for his dedication to training. When he is removed from the team in favor of Morgan, a black man with innate talents, he becomes a racist, not only against African-American but to Japanese as well. After this event, he decided he would form the best team possible with only white players, and due to this attitude, he initially forbids Panther for playing. However, he changes his mind after all members of the Aliens do a dogeza to ask him to let Panther play.

Kyoshin Poseidon
Kyoshin Poseidon (巨深ポセイドン) are a team known for its members' height. Its members include Shun Kakei, the main linebacker, Kengo Mizumachi, the main lineman, Osamu Kobanzame, (小判鮫オサム) the de jure captain of the team, and the two tallest high school football players in Japan, Hiroshi Ohira (大 平洋) and Hiroshi Onishi, (大 西洋) who greatly admire Kakei.

Shun Kakei

Shun Kakei (筧 駿) is a linebacker and the de facto captain of the team due to Osamu's shyness. During middle school, he was considered an exceptional player because he was taller than the other Japanese students. Because of this, he moved to the United States to play football there, but realized he was not as good as he thought he was. Kakei almost abandoned football after his team lost to Notre Dame but after meeting Nore Dame;s Eyeshield 21, who was also Japanese, he decided to train more to face him again. Kakei achieved his goal, but Eyeshield 21 disappeared, which caused him to return to Japan to find him. There, Kakei enrolled at Kyoshin. Before Kyoshin and Deimon play against each other in the fall tournament, Kakei dismisses Sena as a fraud due to him not resembling the Eyeshield 21 he faced in America but changes his mind after Sena and Deimon win against Kyoshin. Both Kakei and Sena discover from Hayto Akaba that Eyeshield 21 is in fact a title passed onto the best runner at Notre Dame and that the "real" Eyeshield 21 Kakei played against was Takeru Yamato. Kakei helps to train Jumonji Kazuki before the match between Devil Bats and Alexanders.

Kengo Mizumachi

Kengo Mizumachi (水町 健吾) is the main lineman of the Kyoshin Poseidon. During middle school, he was known as a genius with a natural gift for sports, being requested by several teams. He joins and becomes a champion at the swimming club, but he quits due to his teammates lacking the drive to win; he is eventually recruited by Kakei to the American football team. Later, he serves as a personal coach for Koji Kuroki during the Devil Bats' preparation for the Christmas Bowl. At the end of the series, he is shown to be attending Enma University.

Bando Spiders
The Bando Spiders (盤戸スパイダーズ) are a team of specialists that focus on scoring through field goals. One year prior the series' events, most of its members were recruited away by the Teikoku Alexanders after the team achieved the second place in the Tokyo Tournament. The team's main player is Kotaro Sasaki, the one responsible for scoring, who has the help of Hayato Akaba, the one in charge for blocking the adversaries. The team is managed by Juri Sawai, (沢井 ジュリ) a childhood friend of Kotaro.

Hayato Akaba

Hayato Akaba (赤羽 隼人) is the tight end and the captain of the Spiders. He is obsessed with music, often plays his electric guitar, and uses musical metaphors to state his opinions. A year before the start of the series, Akaba was named MVP in the fall Tokyo Tournament, which attracted the attention of Teikoku Alexanders. He joined the Alexanders and was given the title of Eyeshield 21 by who had retired the name, but soon he decided to return to Bando. Because of this last minute change, Akaba is banned from playing for six months due to the school's policy, and during this time he is devoted to studying new tactics to teach his teammates. He introduces himself for the match against the Devil Bats as "the real Eyeshield 21". After his team is defeated, he officially hands Sena the Eyeshield 21 title and serves as a personal coach for Natsuhiko Taki during the Devil Bats' preparation for the Christmas Bowl. Akaba is also recruited for Team Japan during the World Tournament. At the end of the series, he is shown to be attending Saikyodai University.

Kotaro Sasaki

Kotaro Sasaki (佐々木 コータロー) is the kicker of the Bando Spiders. A skilled kicker, he has an average of 100% success of converting extra points. However, he aims to hold the title of the best kicker in Japan and then he wants to face Musashi as he heard the urban legend of Musashi's sixty-yard field goal. Due to his abilities, Sasaki is invited to join the Teikoku Alexanders, but rejected the offer to stay with Hayato Akaba. At the end of the series, he is shown to be attending Enma University.

Hakushu Dinosaurs
The Hakushu Dinosaurs (白秋ダイナソーズ) are a team from the SIC region (Saitama, Ibaraki, and Chiba), participating for the first time in the Kantō Tournament. Its members include Reiji Maruko, the quarterback and captain, Rikiya Gao, the main lineman, Hiromi Kisaragi (如月 ヒロミ) the wide receiver who is considered the team's left arm, Hanataka Tengu, (天狗 花隆) the team's former "ace", Saburo Mitsui, (三ツ井 三郎) the kicker who proclaims himself the third best, and Maruko Himuro, (氷室 丸子) the club's manager who although admires Marco's ambition does not appreciate his methods to win.

Reiji Maruko

Reiji Maruko (円子令司) is the quarterback and captain of the Hakushu Dinosaurs. He is the son of a former organized crime member and calls himself Marco (マルコ), because he thinks his name sounds like that of a girl's. Marco is an ambitious man who aspires to be the best and win the Christmas Bowl. To do this, and to impress Himuro he trains hard. However, his teammates encourage him to quit after seeing the strength of the Teikoku Alexanders. Obsessed for winning, he recruits Rikiya Gao, even against the will of Himuro.

Rikiya Gao

Rikiya Gao (峨王 力哉) is the strongest lineman of college football in Japan. Despite being a rookie, he holds the Japanese bench press record with over two hundred kilograms. Due to his enormous strength, he breaks regular mouthpieces, causing him to use one made of a titanium alloy. He is considered to be a monster by his opponents, having injured the quarterback of all teams he has faced until the match against Taiyo Sphinx. Despite always wanting a power match, Gao respects all the rules and has respect for those who face him. After his high school years, he joins the semi-pro football club Takekura Babels in the X-League. Inagaki was inspired to create him after watching an NFL match, where he thought the players "were facing dinosaurs".

Rui Habashira

Rui Habashira (葉柱 ルイ) is a linebacker and the captain of the Zokugaku Chameleons, (賊学カメレオンズ) a team whose members are mainly delinquents led by him. Habashira is the son of a senator; as such, he can allow players, who should be under police custody, to play games. He acts like a thug in order to gain respect from his teammates, and he forces them to practice through threats and violence. However, he is the only one in the team who really cares about American football. He enters the international tournament as the "Mummy Man" in order to play while also making sure his teammates are not thinking he is wasting time.

Onihei Yamamoto

Onihei Yamamoto (山本鬼兵) is a lineman the captain of the Hashiratani Deers. (柱谷ディアーズ) He is greatly admired and respected by other linemen, especially Ryokan Kurita. He is very powerful despite his small body, and is known for his great technique and experience. After the elimination of his team from the Autumn Tournament by Kyoshin Poseidon, he befriends Torakichi, who quite accurately believes, after observing some of Onihei's predictions, that anything that Onihei predicts is wrong.

Devil Bat
Devil Bat (デビルバット) is the main mascot of the Deimon Devil Bats. It is a bat-like creature with red coloration, horns and tail similar to the common stereotype of the devil. Devil Bat usually appears to explain the rules of American football to the audience. It has a small, cute-looking, lighter-colored version called Little Devil Bat (コデビバ) who assists him. Murata remarked that Devil Bat "bears a strong resemblance to Hiruma." Devil Bat's seyū is DJ Taro, while Shoko Nagakawa voiced Little Devil Bat.

Cerberus
Cerberus (ケルベロス) is Hiruma's dog and one of the Devil Bats' mascots. In the manga, Hiruma finds the dog on a rainy day while placing flyers and is attracted to take it with him because of its fierce look. Differently, in the anime, Cerberus appears in the training field, Hiruma challenges it, and after succeeding in putting the collar on it, the canine starts to obey Hiruma's commands. Hiruma often uses Cerberus to frighten his adversaries as well as his own teammates. Cerberus is also used to help to keep Sena's secret identity; for example, with some pet food in a bowl, a Sena doll, and a camera, Hiruma can make it appear that Sena is recording games, while in fact, he is playing as Eyeshield.

Torakichi

Torakichi (虎吉) is a grade-school fan of Sakuraba, who wishes to become a player after witnessing Sakaruba catching a very high pass. Even when Sakuraba says he caught that pass by accident and when Torakichi learns Sakuraba is really a sub-par player, Torakichi remains a loyal fan and encourages him to become stronger. Torakichi plays flag football until he is hospitalized with a broken leg, which leaves him unable to play football for up to two years. He almost gives up on his dream, but he is inspired by Sakaruba to continue with his rehabilitation..

Kumabukuro, Sanada and Riko

"Bomberhead" Kumabukuro (ボンバーヘッド熊袋) and "Machine Gun" Sanada (マシンガン真田) are, respectively, the official commentator and the announcer of American football games. Kumabukuro is a retired American football player, who becomes a reporter for the American Football Monthly magazine. Kumabukuro's daughter, Riko (リコ), is a 16-year-old girl studying to become a sports reporter. Riko replaces her father as Sanada's commentating partner from the Kantō Tournament onward.

Masaru Honjo

Masaru Honjo (本庄勝) is a former baseball player of the Shuei Bears team. He played as an outfielder and was known for his extraordinary catches, which leads Monta to become his fan. After retiring from baseball, he became a chairman of Kansai's High School Football Association after being invited by a friend, the head commissioner of Kanto's High School Football Association, who believes Honjo's presence would help to attract fans.

Nakabo Akira
Nakabo Akira (中坊明), most known as Chubo (チューボー), is a middle school student, who admires Sena and wishes to become an American football player after seeing him. He attempts to try out for the Japanese team for the international tournament by copying Sena's moves. Though he is initially laughed at, he shows that he can use the "Delta Dynamite", a blocking technique that involves ramming the enemy with the head, shoulder, and fist simultaneously in a delta shape, which makes the block three times more powerful. He becomes a prominent lineman on the team, though if his timing is messed up, he is very weak on the field.

Team USA
Team USA is coached by former NFL star Morgan, (モーガン) who will pay 300 million yen to the MVP from the world tournament's winning team and sign him to his NFL team, San Antonio Armadillos. (サン アントニオ・アルマジロズ) Five first-string players for Team USA share the title of "Pentagram", named for the stars on the American flag. These five players are regarded as the top candidates for the MVP award. The team is formed by Donald "Mr. Don" Oberman, (ドナルド・オバーマン ｢Mr.ドン｣) the lineman and the leader of Team USA and the son of the president; Panther of the Shuttles is the running back of the team; Clifford D. Lewis, (クリフォード・D・ルイス) the arrogant quarterback, who is known as the "Invincible Gambler", (不敗の勝負師) Bud Walker, (バッド・ウォーカー) the cornerback and an action movie star in Hollywood, and Tatanka, (タタンカ) the Native American linebacker, who is known as the "Human Dome" (人間ドーム) as he is the tallest player within the tournament.

Eyeshield 21
Eyeshield 21 (アイシールド21) is the title of the best runner of a generation. At the start of the series, Hiruma assigns this name to Sena to frighten his adversaries by claiming he is the running back who came from Notre Dame to Japan. "Eyeshield 21" is in fact not a person but a tradition of the (fictional) high school affiliated to the University of Notre Dame to distinguish the best player of the team by awarding them with a distinctive blue eyeshield and the number "21" for their jsersey. Shun Kakei, however, reveals that he had met the "real" Eyeshield 21 when he was in the United States, and he returned to Japan to search him and denounces Sena as a fraud. During the match between Deimon Devil Bats and Bando Spiders, Akaba Hayato is revealed to be the "official" carrier of the Eyeshield 21 title; after being defeated by Sena and the Devil Bats, Akaba passes the title onto him. However, the "real" Eyeshield 21 that Akaba previously inherited the title from is revealed to be Takeru Yamato, the true identity of the person Kakei met in the United States. When he meets Sena, Yamato declares that whoever wins the Christmas Bowl between the Deimon Devil Bats and the Teikoku Alexanders will be the one who deserves the title.

Reception
The characters of Eyeshield 21 have been well received from publications dedicated to anime, manga, and other media. Deb Aoki from About.com said that one of the best things about Eyeshield 21 are "the well-written, distinctive and loveable characters", while Zac Bertschy from Anime News Network (ANN) stated the characters are "perhaps the strongest element [of the series]". Carlo Santos from ANN praised the "appealing characters" and the "well-defined cast of characters". Christina Koh of The Star asserted "Each character is drawn with a distinct look", while Santos commended their distinguishable physical characteristics, and their design, which, "of course, are a feat of imagination." Santos affirmed the series has "hilarious characters", while Scott Campbell from Active Anime said the characters "also possess a lot of ability to make the reader laugh".

Scott Green of Ain't It Cool News described the characters "recognizable as people" and praised Eyeshield 21, for "taking the personal relationships a little less serious, but going a bit overboard with the motion and personalities". Mania.com's Jarred Pine classified the characters as "very likeable", and said that because they have "their own personalities" they "are instantly memorable". Chris Zimmerman from Comic Book Bin praised the development of the characters through the manga series. Chris Homer of The Fandom Post also commended the characters' development in the anime series and said that some of them, such as Ikkyu and Ishimaru, were better developed in comparison to the manga. Homer praised how the rivals were full integrated in the main story and how their back stories were explored. Santos commented, "Just as thrilling as the game highlights are the individual stories and rivalries behind each player". On the other hand, Eyeshield 21 has a lot of teams with different themes and according to Chris Beveridge from Mania.com some times "the theme is used more than it should" and that "it just feels very forced".

Notes and references

 * Japanese

 * References

 * Bibliography
 * Eyeshield 21 manga volumes by Inagaki, Riichiro and Murata, Yusuke. Original Japanese version published by Shueisha. English translation published by Viz Media.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: List of Eyeshield 21 characters


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Marvel Masterworks

Marvel Masterworks is an American collection of hardcover and trade paperback comic book reprints published by Marvel Comics, with the main goal of republishing classic Marvel Comics storylines in a hardcover, premium edition, often with restored artwork and better graphical quality when compared to other Marvel collected editions. The collection started in 1987, with volumes reprinting the issues of The Amazing Spider-Man, The Fantastic Four, The X-Men, and The Avengers. The Masterworks line has expanded from such reprints of the 1960s period that fans and historians call the Silver Age of Comic Books to include the 1930s–1940s Golden Age; comics of Marvel's 1950s pre-Code forerunner, Atlas Comics; and even some reprints from the 1970s period called the Bronze Age of Comic Books.

DC Comics launched DC Archive Editions in 1989, their equivalent of the Marvel Masterworks line.

First series (1987–1993)
The first printing of Masterworks books from Marvel started in 1987 (three in 1987, four per year after that) and continued until 1994 (27 volumes), most with a suggested retail price of US $29.95 (Hulk $24.95) for the first three years, $34.95 after that (Silver Surfer Vol. 19 $44.95). The first printings had a marble-look dust jacket with either light gray, pastels or primary colors; the binding was a faux leather dyed in the color associated with the title (Marvel Masterworks, volume number, and title was embossed usually in gold (exceptions: The Silver Surfer, Iron Man) on the spine along with an embossed symbol representing the character(s) of the title on the front) and numbered in the order the volumes were released (e.g., The Amazing Spider-Man Vol. 1 was #1, The Fantastic Four Vol. 1 was #2). Volumes contained about 10 issues (plus one Annual) and were about 220-260 pages each. Some volumes had fewer pages, such as The Invincible Iron Man Vol. 1 (197 pages), The Incredible Hulk Vol. 1 (150 pages), and The Uncanny X-Men Vol. 1-3 (each under 200 pages). The end papers featured a "gallery" of three sequential Masterworks covers, along with a partial cover of the next volume in the series (except Volumes 1, 2 and 27). The volume in which the "gallery" was printed would always "hang" in the third position, preceded by the previous two volumes. Some volumes have had multiple printings, such as The Amazing Spider-Man Vol. 1, with seven.

Trade paperbacks (1992–1993)
Also during the original Marvel Masterworks run between 1992 and 1993, Marvel Comics had published lower-priced trade paperback editions of selected volumes in the Masterworks line, but these versions only reprinted half of the contents compared to the hardcover editions. These were:

 * The Amazing Spider-Man Masterworks Vol. 1 (March 1992) - reprints Amazing Fantasy #15, The Amazing Spider-Man #1-5 (ISBN 0-8713-5902-2)
 * The Avengers Masterworks Vol. 1 (October 1993) - reprints The Avengers #1-5 (ISBN 0-8713-5983-9)
 * The Uncanny X-Men Masterworks Vol. 1 (March 1993) - reprints The Uncanny X-Men #1-5 (ISBN 0-8713-5964-2)
 * The All-New, All Different X-Men Masterworks Vol. 1 (August 1993) - reprints Giant-Size X-Men #1, The Uncanny X-Men #94-97 (ISBN 0-8713-5988-X)

Even though on the cover each book was labeled as Volume 1, no subsequent volumes were ever published for these trade paperbacks. Marvel did not try trade paperback versions of the Masterworks again until 2002 and 2009.

Second series (1997–2002)
From 1994 to 1996, no new Masterworks were published, and existing volumes did not get additional printings. Following this, from 1997 to 2002, the Masterworks line was revived, when some of the original 27 went back into print with a new style of dust jacket designed by Comicraft, and without the chronological numbering on the spine. Instead, the line used the number of the volume for each particular comic book series. Four new Masterworks were published from 2000 to 2002, bringing the total then to 31. Only 10 volumes were published in total from this initial relaunch, and they were Marvel Masterworks: The Fantastic Four Vol. 1 and Vol. 6, Marvel Masterworks: Daredevil Vol. 1 and Vol. 2, Marvel Masterworks: The Mighty Thor Vol. 1 and Vol. 3, Marvel Masterworks: X-Men Vol. 1 and Vol. 3, Marvel Masterworks: The Amazing Spider-Man Vol. 1, and Marvel Masterworks: The Avengers Vol. 1. They are now out of print.

Relaunch (2003–present)
With The Sub-Mariner Vol. 1, the 32nd Masterwork, Marvel relaunched the line with silver dust jackets in 2003. On the front cover dust jacket, these initial releases had the book's interior contents and creator names on the top of the front cover art image, and the Marvel Masterworks name under the cover art on the bottom, with the volume number on the spine featured in a black-filled square with silver edging, with a silver font labeling the volume number. Post-2003 afterward, Marvel redesigned the look: the Masterworks name with the title and volume number now up on top of the cover image, with the interior contents and creator names listed at the bottom of the cover art, and the dust jacket spine numbering filled in a silver square with black lettering font labeling the volume number. From 2002 to 2004, Marvel brought the 31 now-out-of-print volumes back into print, all with the new silver dust jackets. Like the other releases from 1997 on, these dust jackets do not have the chronological numbering. Upon their initial release, however, a limited print run (about 1,000 to 1,500) was produced with variant dust jackets that used the original marble-look style and retained the absolute chronological numbering (only on the dust jacket's spine). These carried a $5 higher suggested retail price than the regular editions (typically US $54.99).

Some changes were made for the new second editions, with some issues/covers re-colored, previously unreprinted pin-up pages added, and some issues were moved between volumes (Annual issues were amongst the changes made, as Marvel wanted to do a more accurate chronological reprinting of their history than the Masterworks series had previously attained).

Starting with the 33rd volume, The Amazing Spider-Man Vol. 6 (April 2004), Marvel started producing new Masterworks once again, continuing monthly from August 2004. These new books have also been printed with both regular and variant/original cover styles.

Trade paperbacks (Barnes & Noble, 2002)
In 2002, Marvel partnered with Barnes & Noble to produce lower-priced trade paperback (typically US $12.95) versions of selected Masterworks volumes. Twelve were produced, without dust jackets, and they utilized the silver cover scheme (based on the initial 2002 dust jacket design prior to the 2003 revamping layout).

Trade paperbacks (2009–2015 editions)
In 2008 (and starting in 2009), Marvel moved their printing plant to China and reprint the Masterworks as a trade paperback line for the third time in celebration of the publisher's then-70th anniversary year, reprinting the Masterworks monthly in the same sequence as they were originally released in the hardcover editions. Like the post-2003 remastered hardcovers relaunch, this trade paperback line also had both regular and limited alternate variant covers that used the original 1987 marble-look style. This series of trade paperbacks reprinted in order of the original hardback releases from The Amazing Spider-Man Vol. 1 to Warlock Vol. 1. The Marvel Masterworks trade paperback series was discontinued in 2015 and somewhat replaced by the new Epic Collection trade paperback series, which began in 2014.

Mighty Marvel Masterworks trade paperbacks (2021–present)
Beginning in June 2021, Marvel started releasing a new trade paperback line called Mighty Marvel Masterworks. Originally nicknamed as Junior Masterworks, they aim to reprint classic stories in an affordable price for young readers, as to capitalize on the growing popularity of super-hero media, so the trim size is smaller than the average comic book trade (6" by 9"), resembling a Manga volume.

Golden Age Masterworks (2004–2012)
In October 2004, Marvel released its first Golden Age collection, Golden Age: Marvel Comics Vol. 1, launching a new line of Masterworks. This 1939 and 1940s line reprints material by Timely Comics, Marvel's Golden Age predecessor. It is differentiated from the 1960s Silver Age line by the words Golden Age on each title, and with the regular dust jacket colored gold rather than silver. From Golden Age: Captain America Vol. 1 (February 2005) onward, these volumes were released quarterly. The line was discontinued in 2012.

Atlas Era Masterworks (2006–2013)
In January 2006, with Atlas Era: Tales to Astonish Vol. 1, Marvel began publishing a third line of Masterworks, reprinting 1950s and early 1960s comics of Marvel forerunner company Atlas Comics. The regular editions of these volumes have red dust jackets instead of silver. The comics reprinted in these volumes were originally produced during a lull in superhero popularity. The initial Atlas Era Masterworks volumes were primarily science-fiction/fantasy stories, particularly featuring drive-in theater-style monsters. More recent volumes have included other genres, such as pre-Comics Code horror and jungle stories. Marvel started publishing the Atlas Era Masterworks volumes semi-annually, then quarterly before returning to semi-annual. The line was discontinued in 2013.

Table of Marvel Masterworks
This list is sorted by the order of first publication. Note that while the Uncanny X-Men, Defenders and Champions volumes are from the Bronze Age of Comic Books, they are listed as being Silver Age as per Marvel's categorization. When the variant and the regular cover volume are published on different dates, the regular edition date or scheduled publishing date is listed. When issues have been moved between volumes for later editions, the later edition placement is listed. The "B&N" category shows if a Barnes & Noble trade paperback is available (only 12 were published). The ISBN listed is that of the 2003 series [reboot] silver editions (not the variant/embossed foil editions).

Table of Mighty Marvel Masterworks
In 2021 Marvel launched the Mighty Marvel Masterworks line to offer their classic stories in an accessible 6" by 9" format. Like the traditional Marvel Masterworks, each volume has a limited direct market variant with volume numbers for the entire line.

title: Marvel Masterworks


text:
Mill Meadows, Henley-on-Thames

Mill Meadows is part of the flood plain of the River Thames at Henley-on-Thames, Oxfordshire, England. It is an area of natural beauty close to the town centre of Henley. Marsh Lock (which is adjacent to the site of the mill that the meadows are named after. The mill race still exists).

Rod Eyot and the River and Rowing Museum, established in 1998, are all close by. There is car parking available for visitors.

A boat service by Salters Steamers stops at the meadows, travelling to Reading on the river via Shiplake and Sonning.

Position:

title: Mill Meadows, Henley-on-Thames


text:
Joseph Ayloffe

Sir Joseph Ayloffe, 6th Baronet FRS, FSA (1708 – 19 April 1781) was an English antiquary.

Life
He was the great-grandson of Sir William Ayloffe, 1st Baronet, through his third wife (Alice, daughter of James Stokes of Stoke near Coventry), their first son was Joseph Ayloffe, Joseph Ayloffe, barrister-at-law of Gray's Inn and sometime recorder of Kingston upon Thames, who died in 1726 and was this man's father.

Joseph was born in Sussex, and became 6th Baronet Ayloffe, of Braxted Magna; on his death, his baronetcy became extinct. Ayloffe was educated at Westminster School, admitted a student of Lincoln's Inn in 1724, and spent some time at St John's College, Oxford before 1728. In December 1730 he succeeded, as sixth in succession, to the family baronetcy on the death of his unmarried cousin, the Rev. Sir John Ayloffe, a descendant of the first family of the original holder of the title.

Sir Joseph seems early in life to have shown an interest in antiquities. He received at once the recognition of the learned, although for many years he was merely collecting information and published nothing. On 10 February 1731 or 1732, he was elected a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, and on 27 May of the same year a fellow of the Royal Society. Seven years later, he became a member of the well-known Spalding Gentlemen's Society, a literary club. He did not confine himself altogether to antiquarian research. From 1736–1737, he was secretary to the commission superintending the erection of Westminster Bridge; in 1750, he was auditor-general of the hospitals of Bethlehem and Bridewell; and in 1763, on the removal of the state archives from Whitehall and the establishment of a State Paper Office at the Treasury, he was nominated one of its three keepers. In 1751 Ayloffe took a prominent part in procuring a charter of incorporation for the Society of Antiquaries, of which he was for many years a vice-president. He frequently read papers at its meetings. Sir Joseph was the intimate friend of his colleague at the State Paper Office, Thomas Astle, and of Richard Gough; the latter described Ayloffe as the English Montfaucon.

Joseph Ayloffe died at Kensington on 19 April 1781 and with him the baronetcy became extinct. He had married Margaret, daughter of Charles Railton of Carlisle, around 1734 by whom he had one son, who died of smallpox at Trinity Hall, Cambridge, in 1766. Both father and son were buried in Hendon churchyard.

Works
Ayloffe's published writings came later in life and were no great success with the general public. In 1751, he sent out proposals for printing by subscription the debates in Parliament before the Restoration in eight octavo volumes. Little favour was apparently extended to the scheme. Although in 1773 it was advertised that the first volumes would soon go to the press, none appears to have been published (cf. Rawlinson MSS. in the Bodleian, s. v. 'Ayloffe'). Also in 1751, Sir Joseph issued a prospectus for subscribers to a translation of Diderot's and D'Alembert's Encyclopédie, with additional or expanded articles on subjects of English interest, but the first number, published on 11 June 1752, obtained scanty support and was severely handled in the Gentleman's Magazine (xxii. 46), so that the project was abandoned.

Some years previously, Ayloffe had induced Joshua Kirby, a well-known draughtsman of Ipswich, to prepare some engravings of the chief buildings and monuments in Suffolk. Twelve of them were published with descriptive letterpress by Ayloffe in 1748. It was Ayloffe's intention to introduce Kirby's drawings into an elaborate history of the county upon which he was apparently engaged for the succeeding 15 years. In 1764 he had made such progress in collecting and arranging his materials that he issued a lengthy prospectus for publication of an exhaustive Topographical and Historical Description of Suffolk, but sadly he again received too little encouragement to warrant him in pursuing the plan further.

Subsequently, Ayloffe contributed several memoirs to Archæologia, the journal of the Society of Antiquaries, which were highly valued at the time. On 25 February 1763 he "communicated" an interesting Copy of a Proclamation (1563) relating to Persons making Portraits of Queen Elizabeth (ii. 169–170). In 1773 and 1774 there appeared in Archæologia (iii. 185–229,2.39-272, 376–413) three papers by him, describing: Another paper prepared for the Society of Antiquaries, On Five Monuments in Westminster Abbey, was published separately, with engravings, in 1780. An account of the chapel on London Bridge, by Ayloffe, was published with a drawing by George Vertue in 1777.
 * A picture at Windsor of the famous interview in 1520 between Henry VIII and Francis I
 * Four pictures at Cowdray near Midhurst, the property of Lord Montague, illustrating Henry VIII's wars in France in the latter part of his reign
 * The opening of the tomb of Edward I at Westminster in 1774, an exhumation that Ayloffe with Daines Barrington superintended.

In 1772, Ayloffe published a work for which he is still known to history students: Calendars of the Ancient Charters, and of the Welsh and Scottish Rolls, Now Remaining in the Tower of London... to Which are Added Memoranda Concerning the Affairs of Ireland [and an] Account of the State of The Public Records [etc.]. London, 1774. This, with an introduction attributed mainly to Thomas Astle, traces the history and neglect of the Public Records. In a long introduction, Ayloffe pressed for scholarly research among the state papers. The book was begun by the Rev. Philip Morant, who had been employed at the State Paper Office, and was published anonymously, but a reissue in 1774 had Ayloffe's name on the title-page.

Ayloffe also revised for the press new editions of John Leland's Collectanea (1771) and of the Liber Niger Scaccarii (1771), and added valuable appendices of original illustrative documents. He saw through the press John Thorpe's Registrum Roffense, which was published in 1769 by the compiler's son. Ayloffe's Collections relative to Saxon and English Laws and Antiquities remain in manuscript at the British Library (Add MS 9051). The whereabouts of his other manuscript collections have not been traced, numerous as they clearly were and stated by contemporaries to have been invaluable in relation to the abbey and city of Westminster. His library was sold by Leigh and Sotheby soon after his death.

title: Joseph Ayloffe


text:
Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Belgium/archive2

Belgium
This is more or less a selfnom. But the article existed before and many participated in particular for copyediting. It grew to 41K a bit larger than the 40K Australia and South Africa FA but much less than the 53K of People's Republic of China. The length of this article is due to the difficulty to obtain a NPOV on Belgium which is a controversial country submitted to strong separatist trends. The balance must be always sought between the different communities and ethnic groups -- whose very existence is controversial to some extend. This article had already been featured. You can find the reasons why at
 * Featured article candidates/Belgium/archive1

It was later on removed. You can find the reasons why at
 * Featured article removal candidates/Belgium/archive1

It was reedited to reply to the critics and submitted to peer review. The comments are listed at
 * Peer_review/Belgium

I think all critics have been taken into account.
 * support of course --Vb 13:40, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose The history section is too long and should be trimmed.  The culture section is a collection of too-short paragraphs that should be combined into a couple longer paragraphs.  Is there a reason the Main article: Economy of Belgium summary style isn't used here?  The references also don't really look very satisfactory, especially without inline citations.  Do we need the non-English names for all the provinces in this article?  It's ugly, distracting and not very useful, and should be kept at Communities, regions and provinces of Belgium. Tuf-Kat 16:44, August 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * History: I think an alternative to the present version is the quite good article on Belgium at the US dpt of State . One could easily wikify this but I really think wikipedia can do much better and bring more links and infos than that.  I think the present version is a summary of the history of Belgium which is just a bit more expanded than this.  Making it shorter would make it less good.
 * Culture: I personnaly think it is easier to read like it is. Do you think it would be nicer if litterature and cinema were merged.  I think it would be ugly.
 * Economy: could you be more precise? Why don't you like the style used?
 * Provinces: Your last point is easy. I agree with you. It is addressed now--147.231.28.83 09:54, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Object -- my comments in PR on Demographics, History and Culture aren't addressed. =Nichalp   «Talk»=  18:46, August 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Your comments have been addressed in part. Could you precise a bit more what in your opinion is still to be done.--147.231.28.83 09:54, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I said to summarise the history. Reasons of wars etc and lists shouldn't be mentioned here. Also the subheadings under the culture section are out of the ordinary. Yes, it may help a reader but it is not recommended and not used in any other country article. =Nichalp   «Talk»=  17:51, August 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * OK. I'll try to improve that.--147.231.28.83 07:53, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

 * VERY strong oppose - I recently listed this article to be removed as a featured article, which passed with little argument. This article has not been improved in any way, and still lacks competely when compared to other featured country articles. The images are awful, the history is terrible, the government section is mostly lists. It actually takes a little gaul to list this article so soon on FAC after being removed with so few changes.  Páll  (Die pienk olifant) 05:30, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * What you say is not true. The article has been thoroughly re-edited since the removal of the FA status.  Look at its history.  Some example: the history and culture section have been utterly rewritten.  References have been added and all numbers appearing can be checked from the inline references.  Much has been done in the style with numerous copyedit and the NPOV has been really ameliorated.  How can you say the figures are awfull!  It is maybe a matter of taste but I believe your comment is strongly biased.  --147.231.28.83 07:53, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Call it strongly biased if you'd like, however, I pretty much wrote South Africa and was a large contributer to Hong Kong, both two country featured articles. I know what it takes to get there, and Belgium isn't anywhere close.  Páll  (Die pienk olifant) 16:00, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

 * OK It is not necessary to quarrel. All people here seem to be your opinion so, since it was my first trial, I think I'll try later on.  Cheers. --147.231.28.83 08:19, 26 August 2005 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Farther Common

This article has been kept following this VFD debate. Sjakkalle (Check!)  13:25, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Farther Common


title: File:TMNTV3No10.jpg


text:
The History of Sir Charles Grandison

The History of Sir Charles Grandison, commonly called Sir Charles Grandison, is an epistolary novel by English writer Samuel Richardson first published in February 1753. The book was a response to Henry Fielding's The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, which parodied the morals presented in Richardson's previous novels. The novel follows the story of Harriet Byron who is pursued by Sir Hargrave Pollexfen. After she rejects Pollexfen, he kidnaps her, and she is only freed when Sir Charles Grandison comes to her rescue. After his appearance, the novel focuses on his history and life, and he becomes its central figure.

Background
The exact relationship between Fielding's The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling and Richardson's The History of Sir Charles Grandison cannot be known, but the character Charles Grandison was designed as a morally "better" hero than the character Tom Jones. In 1749, a friend asked Richardson "to give the world his idea of a good man and fine gentleman combined". Richardson hesitated to begin such a project, and he did not work on it until he was prompted the next year (June 1750) by Anne Donnellan and Miss Sutton, who were "both very intimate with one Clarissa Harlowe: and both extremely earnest with him to give them a good man". Near the end of 1751, Richardson sent a draft of the novel to Miss Donnellan, and the novel was being finalised in the middle of 1752.

While Thomas Killingbeck, a compositor, and Peter Bishop, a proofreader, were working for Richardson in his print shop during 1753, Richardson discovered that printers in Dublin had copies of The History of Sir Charles Grandison and began printing the novel before the English edition was to be published. Richardson suspected that they were involved with the unauthorized distribution of the novel and promptly fired them. Immediately following the firing, Richardson wrote to Lady Bradshaigh, 19 October 1753: "the Want of the same Ornaments, or Initial Letters [factotums], in each Vol. will help to discover them [if exported into England], although they should put the Booksellers Names that I have affixed. I have got some Friends to write down to Scotland, to endeavour to seize their Edition, if offered to be imported". There were four Dublin presses used to make unauthorized copies of the novel, but none of them were able to add the ornaments that could effectively mimic Richardson's own. However, there were still worries about the unlicensed copies, and Richardson relied on seven additional printers to speed up the production of Grandison.

In November 1753, Richardson ran an ad in The Gentleman's Magazine to announce the "History of Sir Charles Grandison: in a Series of Letters published from the Originals, – By the Editor of Pamela and Clarissa, London: Printed for S. Richardson, and sold by Dodsley in Pall Mall and others." The first four volumes were published on 13 November 1753 and the next two volumes appeared in December. The final volume was published in March to complete a seven volume series while a six volume set was simultaneously published. Richardson held the sole copyright to Grandison, and, after his death, twenty-fourth shares of Grandison were sold for 20 pounds each. Posthumous editions were published in 1762 (including revisions by Richardson) and 1810.

Plot summary
As with his previous novels, Richardson prefaced the novel by claiming to be merely the editor, saying, "How such remarkable collections of private letters fell into the editor's hand he hopes the reader will not think it very necessary to enquire". However, Richardson did not keep his authorship secret and, on the prompting of his friends like Samuel Johnson, dropped this framing device from the second edition.

The novel begins with the character of Harriet Byron leaving the house of her uncle, George Selby, to visit Mr. and Mrs. Reeves, her cousins, in London. She is an orphan who was educated by her grandparents, and, though she lacks parents, she is heir to a fortune of fifteen thousand pounds, which causes many suitors to pursue her. In London, she is pursued by three suitors: Mr. Greville, Mr. Fenwick, and Mr. Orme. This courtship is followed by more suitors: Mr. Fowler, Sir Rowland Meredith, and Sir Hargrave Pollexfen. The final one, Pollexfen, pursues Byron vigorously, which causes her to criticise him over a lack of morals and decency of character. However, Pollexfen does not end his pursuits of Byron until she explains that she could never receive his visits again.

Pollexfen, unwilling to be without Byron, decides to kidnap her while she attended a masquerade ball at the Haymarket. She is then imprisoned at Lisson Grove with the support of a widow and two daughters. While he keeps her prisoner, Pollexfen makes it clear to her that she shall be his wife, and that anyone who challenges that will die by his hand. Byron attempts to escape from the house, but this fails. To prevent her from trying to escape again, Pollexfen transports Byron to his home at Windsor. However, he is stopped at Hounslow Heath, where Charles Grandison hears Byron's pleas for help and immediately attacks Pollexfen. After this rescue, Grandison takes Byron to Colnebrook, the home of Grandison's brother-in-law, the "Earl of L.".

After Pollexfen recovers from the attack, he sets out to duel Grandison. However, Grandison refuses on the grounds that dueling is harmful to society. After explaining why obedience to God and society are important, Grandison wins Pollexfen over and obtains his apology to Byron for his actions. She accepts his apology, and he follows with a proposal to marriage. She declines because she, as she admits, is in love with Grandison. However, a new suitor, the Earl of D, appears, and it emerges that Grandison promised himself to an Italian woman, Signorina Clementina della Porretta. As Grandison explains, he was in Italy years before and rescued the Barone della Porretta and a relationship developed between himself and Clementina, the baron's only daughter. However, Grandison could not marry her, as she demanded that he, an Anglican Protestant, become a Catholic, and he was unwilling to do so.

After he left, she grew ill out of despair, and the Porrettas were willing to accept his religion, if he would return and make Clementina happy once more. Grandison, feeling obligated to do what he can to restore Clementina's happiness, returns to Italy; however, Clementina determines she can never marry a "heretic", and so Grandison returns to England and Harriet who accepts him. They are married. Shortly after their marriage, they receive news from the Poretta family that Clementina has fled Italy to avoid their further pressuring her to marry the Count of Belvedere, one of her suitors. The family believes that she has fled to England. Sir Charles finds her and shelters her while her family arrives in England to reconcile with her. Sir Charles negotiates a reconciliation on the terms that the family will leave it up to Clementina, without further pressure or urging, whether she will marry on the condition that she will abandon her plans to join a nunnery. While she is staying in England, Clementina becomes good friends with Harriet.

At the end of the novel, both of Sir Charles' sisters have recently had healthy babies. Sir Charles vivacious sister Charlotte's marriage has improved because she is showing her husband more respect and is excelling in her role as a mother, something she had originally dreaded. It is suggested that Harriet is pregnant. The Poretta family returns to Italy with Clementina saying she will take a year to collect her thoughts and then will decide whether to marry the Count of Belvedere. Sir Charles and Harriet say they will visit Italy in a year (presumably after Harriet has given birth). The novel ends with the death of Sir Hargrave Pollenfax, who dies miserably of wounds he suffered while behaving with iniquity toward another woman. He laments throwing his life away through immoral behavior and leaves Harriet a large amount of his estate to make up for his abuse of her. Thus, everyone is accorded their just deserts.

In a "Concluding Note" to Grandison, Richardson writes: "It has been said, in behalf of many modern fictitious pieces, in which authors have given success (and happiness, as it is called) to their heroes of vicious if not profligate characters, that they have exhibited Human Nature as it is. Its corruption may, indeed, be exhibited in the faulty character; but need pictures of this be held out in books? Is not vice crowned with success, triumphant, and rewarded, and perhaps set off with wit and spirit, a dangerous representation?" In particular, Richardson is referring to novels of Fielding, his literary rival. This note was published with the final volume of Grandison in March 1754, a few months before Fielding left for Lisbon. Before Fielding died in Lisbon, he included a response to Richardson in his preface to Journal of a Voyage to Lisbon.

Structure
The epistolary form unites The History of Sir Charles Grandison with Richardson's Pamela and Clarissa, but Richardson uses the form in a different way for his final work. In Clarissa, the letters emphasise the plot's drama, especially when Lovelace alters Clarissa's letters. However, the dramatic mood is replaced in Grandison with a celebration of Grandison's moral character. In addition to this lack of dramatic emphasis, the letters of Grandison do not serve to develop character, as the moral core of each character is already complete at the outset.

In Richardson's previous novels, the letters operated as a way to express internal feelings and describe the private lives of characters; however, the letters of Grandison serve a public function. The letters are not kept to individuals, but forwarded to others to inform a larger community of the novel's action. In return, letters share the recipients' responses to the events detailed within the letters. This sharing of personal feelings transforms the individual responders into a chorus that praises the actions of Grandison, Harriet, and Clementina. Furthermore, this chorus of characters emphasises the importance of the written word over the merely subjective, even saying that "Love declared on paper means far more than love declared orally".

Themes
20th-century literary critic Carol Flynn characterises Sir Charles Grandison as a "man of feeling who truly cannot be said to feel". Flynn claims that Grandison is filled with sexual passions that never come to light, and he represents a perfect moral character in regards to respecting others. Unlike Richardson's previous novel Clarissa, there is an emphasis on society and how moral characteristics are viewed by the public. As such, Grandison stresses characters acting in the socially accepted ways instead of following their emotional impulses. The psychological realism of Richardson's earlier work gives way to the expression of exemplars. In essence, Grandison promises "spiritual health and happiness to all who follow the good man's exemplary pattern". This can be taken as a sort of "political model of the wise ruler", especially with Charles's somewhat pacifist methods of achieving his goals.

Although Flynn believes that Grandison represents a moral character, she finds Grandison's "goodness" "repellent". Richardson's other characters, like Clarissa, also exhibit high moral characters, but they are capable of changing over time. However, Grandison is never challenged in the way that Clarissa is, and he is a static, passive character. Grandison, in all situations, obeys the dictates of society and religion, fulfilling obligations rather than expressing personality. However, a character like Harriet is able to express herself fully, and it is possible that Grandison is prohibited from doing likewise because of his epistolary audience, the public.

In terms of religious responsibility, Grandison is unwilling to change his faith, and Clementina initially refuses to marry him over his religion. Grandison attempts to convince her to reconsider by claiming that "her faith would not be at risk". Besides his dedication to his own religion, and his unwillingness to prevent Clementina from being dedicated to her own, he says that he is bound to helping the Porretta family. Although potentially controversial to the 18th century British public, Grandison and Clementina compromise by agreeing that their sons would be raised as Protestants and their daughters raised as Catholics. In addition to the religious aspects, the work gives "the portrait of how a good marriage should be created and sustained". To complement the role of marriage, Grandison opposes "sexual deviance" in the 18th century.

Critical response
Richardson shared drafts of the novel with Dorothy Lady Bradshaigh who had contacted him anonymously when Clarissa was part published. He met her in March 1750 and she would make comments on his drafts of The History of Sir Charles Grandison and he would make amendments. Richardson wrote that his book was "owing to you … more than to any one Person besides". Richardson valued her opinions and he planned to reissue Pamela and Clarissa based on her comments. Dorothy identified herself with the character of Charlotte in The History of Sir Charles Grandison.

Samuel Johnson was one of the first to respond to the published novel, but he focused primarily on the preface: "If you were to require my opinion which part [in the preface] should be changed, I should be inclined to the supression of that part which seems to disclaim the composition. What is modesty, if it deserts from truth? Of what use is the disguise by which nothing is concealed? You must forgive this, because it is meant well." Sarah Fielding, in her introduction to The Lives of Cleopatra and Octavia, claims that people have an "insatiable Curiosity for Novels or Romances" that tell of the "rural Innocence of a Joseph Andrews, or the inimitable Virtues of Sir Charles Grandison". Andrew Murphy, in the Gray's Inn Journal, emphasised the history of the production when he wrote:

"Mr. Richardson, Author of the celebrated Pamela, and the justly admired Clarissa... an ingenuous Mind must be shocked to find, that Copies of very near all this Work, from which the Public may reasonable expect both Entertainment and Instruction, have been clandestinely and fraudulently obtained by a Set of Booksellers in Dublin, who have printed of the same, and advertised it in the public Papers.... I am not inclined to cast national Reflections, but I must avow, that I looked up this to be a more flagrant and atrocious Proceeding than any I have heard of for a long Time."

Sir Walter Scott, who favoured the bildungsroman and open plots, wrote in his "Prefatory Memoir to Richardson" to The Novels of Samuel Richardson (1824):

"In his two first novels, also, he shewed much attention to the plot; and though diffuse and prolix in narration, can never be said to be rambling or desultory. No characters are introduced, but for the purpose of advancing the plot; and there are but few of those digressive dialogues and dissertations with which Sir Charles Grandison abounds. The story keeps the direct road, though it moves slowly. But in his last work, the author is much more excursive. There is indeed little in the plot to require attention; the various events, which are successively narrated, being no otherwise connected together, than as they place the character of the hero in some new and peculiar point of view. The same may be said of the numerous and long conversations upon religious and moral topics, which compose so great a part of the work, that a venerable old lady, whom we well knew, when in advanced age, she became subject to drowsy fits, chose to hear Sir Charles Grandison read to her as she sat in her elbow-chair, in preference to any other work, 'because,' said she, 'should I drop asleep in course of the reading, I am sure, when I awake, I shall have lost none of the story, but shall find the party, where I left them, conversing in the cedar-parlour.' – It is probable, after all, that the prolixity of Richardson, which, to our giddy-paced times, is the greatest fault of his writing, was not such an objective to his contemporaries."

Although Scott is antipathetic towards Richardson's final novel, not everyone was of the same opinion; Jane Austen was a devotee of the novel, which was part of her mental furniture to the point where she could claim to describe "all that was ever said or done in the cedar parlour". She would for example casually compare a flower in a new cap she got to the white feather described by Harriet Byron as being in hers. Nevertheless, throughout her life she also subjected Grandison to much affectionate, even satirical mockery – adapting it into a dramatic lampoon (not published until 1980) around 1800. Her juvenilia also included a heroine who guyed Harriet Byron's frequent fainting, through being "in such a hurry to have a succession of fainting fits, that she had scarcely patience enough to recover from one before she fell into another". As late as 1813, she would respond to a long letter from her sister Cassandra by exclaiming "Dear me!...Like Harriet Byron I ask, what am I to do with my Gratitude".

Later critics believed that it is possible that Richardson's work failed because the story deals with a "good man" instead of a "rake", which prompted Richardson's biographers Thomas Eaves and Ben Kimpel to claim, this "might account for the rather uneasy relationship between the story of the novel and the character of its hero, who is never credible in his double love – or in any love." Flynn agrees that this possibility is an "attractive one", and conditions it to say that "it is at least certain that the deadly weighted character of Sir Charles stifles the dramatic action of the book." John Mullan suggests that the problem stems from Grandison's role as a hero when he says, "his hero is able to display his virtue in action; as a consequence, Sir Charles Grandison presents its protagonist without the minutely analyzed reflexes of emotion that brought his heroines to life."

Some critics, such as Mark Kinkead-Weekes and Margaret Doody, like the novel and emphasise the importance of the moral themes that Richardson takes up. In a 1987 article, Kinkead-Weekes admits that the "novel fails at the [moral] crisis" and "it must be doubtful whether it could hope for much life in the concluding volumes". However, Jean Howard Hagstrum states that "Richardson's last novel is considerably better than can be easily imagined by those who have only heard about it. But admittedly it represents a falling off after Clarissa". Morris Golden simply claims that the novel is a book for old men.

title: The History of Sir Charles Grandison


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/KTF/Old

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. R e  dwolf24  (talk) 01:27, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

KTF
Blatant advertizing. --Ryan Delaney talk 13:28, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete per submitter. Reads like copyvio, but I can't find a source. --GraemeL (talk) 13:52, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Badvertisment. Alf 14:14, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I originally had this on speedy . Tim Rhymeless (Er...let's shimmy) 04:47, 24 August 2005 (UTC) (forgot to sign)
 * Now that I know what it IS, it's worth keeping. Massive cleanup, for sure. Tim Rhymeless (Er...let's shimmy) 04:47, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and clean up massively. Very notable in Korea, with shops on every street (sometimes more than one on a single block).  Traded on the KOSPI, etc. etc. See .  I'll try to get to this soon. -- Visviva 04:44, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete or Keep with Rewrites. This reads like a press release or a flyer, so a copyvio investigation might be fruitful. --80.222.69.104 21:11, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Note: Rewritten. -- Visviva 01:23, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/KTF/Old


text:
Treaty of Shackamaxon

The Treaty of Shackamaxon, also called the Great Treaty and Penn's Treaty, was a treaty between William Penn and Tamanend of the Lenape signed in 1682. Tamanend and Penn gifted each other and the people they represented with welcoming peace and friendship, vowing to "live together in peace as long as the creeks and rivers run and while the sun, moon, and stars endure."

Description
The site of the treaty was a meeting place that was used by the Lenape Native American tribe in North America. Situated near the Delaware River, this site was located within what now comprises the borders of present-day Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Its name was derived from the Lenape term "Sakimauchheen Ing" (pronounced Sak-i-mauch-heen Ing) which means "to make a chief or king place"; called "Shackamaxon" by the English, Dutch, and Swedes. It was where the Lenapi "crowned" their many family "sakima" (chief) or their three clan "kitakima" (big or clan chief) of the Lenape Nation. Others have interpreted the name to mean "the place of eels", which refers to it as being an important summer fishing spot for the Native Americans. The area is the modern neighborhoods of Fishtown, Kensington, and Port Richmond in Philadelphia.

William Penn, who purportedly did not arrive in North America until late October 1682, made a treaty with the Lenni Lenape under an ancient elm tree. Francis Jennings argues that William Penn very likely signed a treaty, but that his less scrupulous sons, William Jr., John, and Thomas, destroyed the original document. Through such means, according to Jennings, the younger Penns sought to renege on the treaty to which their father had agreed. Curators of the Philadelphia History Museum at Atwater Kent claim that a wampum belt in their possession serves as authentication that such a meeting did indeed take place; however, the wampum belt cannot prove or disprove whether the Lenni Lenape and the colony came to a formal agreement, and if so, what the provisions of such an agreement entailed.

The legend of such a treaty was immortalized in several works of art (in particular, Benjamin West's paintings) and was mentioned by the French author Voltaire. The legendary elm tree marking the spot blew down in a storm on March 5, 1810. Its location was memorialized by the placing of an obelisk in 1827 by the Penn Society. The event was further memorialized by the founding of a park in 1893, known as Penn Treaty Park.

Six Swedish families were recorded as living in this area before Penn's arrival. The Swedes sold out to the new English settlers. During the eighteenth century, the territory of Shackamaxon was developed as part of the Port Richmond, Fishtown, and Kensington sections of Philadelphia. Today, there is a Shackamaxon Street in Philadelphia, which runs several blocks through Fishtown.

The Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission refers to the Shackamaxon treaty on its website.

title: Treaty of Shackamaxon


text:
Patricia Brake

Patricia Ann Kennedy (25 June 1942 – 28 May 2022), better known by her stage name Patricia Brake, was an English actress. She was best known for her role as Ingrid Fletcher, eldest daughter of Norman Stanley Fletcher, in the BBC sitcom Porridge and its sequel Going Straight.

Early life
Brake was born in Bath on 25 June 1942, the daughter of Victor Brake, a butcher, and Doreen Brake (née Wilkey). She was educated at the City of Bath Girls' School, and beginning at age 16, she trained at the Bristol Old Vic Theatre School, before joining the Salisbury Playhouse for two years, from 1960 to 1961. She moved then to Harrogate for a year, where she was a member of the White Rose Players.

Career
She joined the Royal Shakespeare Company where (among other roles) she played Hermia in a production of A Midsummer Night's Dream, directed by Peter Hall, which also featured Judi Dench, Diana Rigg, Ian Richardson and Ian Holm. This was followed by a period in the West End. She began appearing on television in such series as Emergency – Ward 10, No Hiding Place and A Sharp Intake of Breath with David Jason, and also had film roles in My Lover, My Son (1970), The Optimists of Nine Elms (1973).

Brake played Ingrid Fletcher, the daughter of Norman Stanley Fletcher, in the BBC sitcom Porridge, and its sequel Going Straight. In 2015, she guest-starred in the BBC ongoing drama Casualty and in Midsomer Murders for ITV. Alongside her extensive body of work in West End theatres, she also appeared in UK soaps EastEnders and Coronation Street and with many British comic actors in numerous situation comedies and one-off plays and Love/Loss (2010).

Personal life
Brake married actor Robert McBain in 1966. She adopted his son from a previous marriage and they had two further children, they divorced in 1978. She married Michael Kennedy in 1997, gaining two stepchildren; he died in 2011. Brake died from cancer on 28 May 2022, aged 79.

title: Patricia Brake


text:
Talk:Petter Olsen

Untitled
This article has been kept following this VFD debate. Sjakkalle (Check!)  13:30, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Petter Olsen


text:
User talk:Ocoth

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Alf 13:31, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
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 * You may wish to know that an article you edited is on VfD, it is nothing personal, it is about the article, you can comment at Votes for deletion/Elise Boyd. Alf 13:31, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

Elise Boyd
Some of the people, places or things you have written about in the article Elise Boyd may not be sufficiently well-known to merit articles of their own. The Wikipedia community welcomes newcomers, and encourages them to become Wikipedians. By starting an account or logging in, each user is entitled to a user page in which they can describe themselves, and this article's content may be incorporated into that page. However, to merit inclusion in the encyclopedia proper, a subject must be notable. We encourage you to write or improve articles on notable subjects.

Thus, I have moved it to your user page. :) R  e  dwolf24  (talk) 00:57, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Realizing you're not Elise Boyd I have deleted it from your user page too. R  e  dwolf24  (talk) 01:04, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Ocoth