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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Firefly and Outlaw Star

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was ambiguous.

I count 14 opinions to "delete" (2 anon or very new users discounted), 6 opinions to "keep as is" (3 anon or very new users and one known troll discounted) and 4 that appear to prefer "keep as merge". While the community's opinion on the claim of "original research" remained ambiguous, I will note that the samples presented of specific outside sources were successfully rebutted.

Clearly, there is a decision that this content should not remain as an independent article. However, there is not the overwhelming consensus necessary to delete the content. Despite arguments and counter-arguments, conflicting opinions continued to be added to the discussion. I am going to call this as a "no consensus" decision.

However, noting that the content was originally part of the Firefly (television series) article, I am going to place a copy of the content on that article's Talk page, redirect this article there (to preserve GFDL) and ask the editor/readers of that article to make the final determination of the use or removal of this text. Rossami (talk) 02:54, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

Firefly and Outlaw Star
Original research. delete UtherSRG (talk) 20:27, August 25, 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep It is not original research, it is a theory supported by large numbers of Firefly fans. If all speculation is original research, why is there a speculation section in Firefly (television series) at all? Staxringold 20:33, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Speculations on par with Lincoln-Kennedy coincidences but completely non-notable.  And besides, this opens the door to creating articles comparing any two remotely related things.  Borderline original research, too.  The idea has been floated around before, but your interpretation of it is original research.R ADICAL B ENDER  ★  21:19, August 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Note You'll note no one is voting THAT article for deletion. If they're on par, why not vote that for deletion as well? Staxringold 22:13, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Easy, because, like I said in the second part of that sentence you skipped over, this is completely non-notable. A couple of people thought there were some similarities on the internet.  The Lincoln-Kennedy thing is widely reported.  I've seen newspaper articles on it, I had a worksheet on it in elementary school.  The Firefly-Outlaw Star thing was a couple of random people on the internet. R ADICAL B ENDER  ★  23:05, August 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge interesting comparison, not really worthy of its own page. Malo 21:32, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not nearly enough relevant Google results for a subject that is widely-discussed as this would have to be to be worth including. You could come up with similarities like this with just about any sci-fi show. (Or, say, any epic fantasy story written in the last thirty or forty years compared with The Lord of the Rings.) Unless they get sued for copyright infringement or it breaks into mainstream news. -Aranel (" Sarah ") 21:34, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete If these really are belief commonly held by firefly fans, you should be able to cite published sources that verify that very fact. Otherwise this constitutes original research. -- BMIComp (talk, HOWS MY DRIVING) 21:39, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge. I confess as a Firefly geek I am intrigued. Sdedeo 21:43, 25 August 2005 (UTC) (see below)
 * Merge into Firefly tv series article if sourced and verified, otherwise delete. I share the opinion of Bmicomp. - Mgm|(talk) 21:45, August 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, speculation. How do you source and verify somebody's opinion?  Zoe 21:56, August 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Outside sources (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8). 'nuff for you, or you want more? Just hit Ctrl+F 'Outlaw Star' and you'll find numerous other fans who believe there is at least some connection between the two. This is not just my theory, this is not original research. Again, Zoe, why do any speculation sections exist anywhere then? This is a commonly held theory amongst many fans. Staxringold 21:58, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. The first and third links have persons unfamiliar with the series making this comparison, then being corrected by people that have actually seen all of the series. In the second link a person made the comparison, but after being chastised said "I was being slightly facetious." The fourth involved someone claiming Whedon plagiarized Outlaw Star, which I doubt a fan of Firefly would say seriously. The fifth mostly seemed to be people insulting the show, including comparisons to Outlaw Star, Trigun, and Cowboy Bebop. The sixth link seems to have involved persons who were not fans, and did not seem very familiar with the show. The seventh is a Wikipedia mirror. On the last page you linked to, the comparison was only made before the person watched the show, and I did check the other five pages of the thread to see if it was mentioned later. These links only show that a few persons on the internet that are unfamiliar with, uninterested in, or dislike the show have made comparisons to other Sci-Fi/Western shows like Outlaw Star, Trigun, and Cowboy Bebop, which does not justify this page's existence. Sethoeph 03:47, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * To be honest, I really think the speculation section of the main article is a bit too much. There is always speculation among science fiction fans. This show just wasn't big enough to have developed speculations that are significant to people who aren't fans. -Aranel (" Sarah ") 22:04, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Seems to be well sourced by Staxringold. It's on the edge, though. Sdedeo 22:08, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and Merge' with Firefly. -Senori 22:16, August 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * This was originally a section of Firefly (television series) that a few of us objected to. Some of us wanted it gone entirely, some suggested keeping it as a separate article. I, obviously, was one of the ones who wanted it entirely removed. There is already a section in that article that includes a comparison of Firefly to a few others shows, including Outlaw Star. - UtherSRG (talk) 22:20, August 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * No there isn't. What are you talking about? The only thing remotely like that is the link to this article I posted under Speculation to keep you guys happy. Staxringold 22:24, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Second paragraph in the Setting section. - UtherSRG (talk) 10:07, August 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. If we let articles like this pass, that would just set up precedent for more worthless comparison articles. At the very least, report it as something that many people believe, not "lookit! grass and pickles are green!" --Apostrophe 22:33, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, like Star Trek versus Star Wars Kappa 22:37, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: Neither Firefly nor Outlaw Star is as popular or significant as either Star Trek or Star Wars. -Aranel (" Sarah ") 01:11, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: Since when was popularity a factor in deciding on keeping an article? This is a often thought-of connection, as a seperate article it takes up no signifigant space, so what's wrong? Staxringold 02:01, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Accoding to WP:NOT, "Wikipedia is not an indiscriminate collection of items of information. That something is 100% true does not mean it is suitable for inclusion in an encyclopedia." Personally, I think the connection is worth mentioning. I don't think it's necessary to explore it at great length. (These are not exactly brilliant deductions. They are in fact fairly obvious.) As an individual article I feel that it's more of a fan essay than an encyclopedia article. It would make a wonderful article on a fansite. Perhaps such an article (on a reputable, well-established fansite) would make a useful external link. I happen not to think it merits coverage as an encyclopedia article. You are welcome to disagree. -Aranel (" Sarah  ") 02:11, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. It seems an interesting and well written entry on a theory--Firedrake 03:18, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * User's third edit. Zoe 04:15, August 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with Firefly and add discussion about similarities with Galaxina, Oblivion (film), and Ice Pirates while you're at it. 23skidoo 05:11, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep or Merge. An interesting article about an interesting series.  Whats so wrong with it?  Ppe42 12:36, August 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment - Comparisons are inherently unencyclopedic. --Apostrophe 19:08, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete until articles comparing George W. Bush and Hulk Hogan, Buttercups and the Jaguar E-Type and Doctor Who and the Hundred-Years War are created (and please do not create these articles). And on closer reading, it looks like original research. Proto t c 14:54, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. nn. Doctor Who and the Hundred Years' War, otoh.... Dottore So 18:02, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Both shows just follow the same mtyhical archetypes. Besides, half the article is just talking about how they're similar because they both have a scene with a girl in a box. Kuralyov 18:10, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. There is nothing wrong with articles about comparisons between different subjects. -- OldRight 20:45, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep The initial entry as it appeared on the main Firefly page was badly written, badly laid out and clearly biased. The current page as it stands is a good point of interest for people interested in the TV series (fans or otherwise) and is dramatically improved over its attrocious original form, if a touch overlong. 02:14, 27 August 2005 (BST) (non-registered user)
 * Delete, WP:NOR. -Sean Curtin 04:54, August 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep with the intention of leaving the door open to other comparisons, i.e. 'Firefly and X show', in the same (and at that time renamed) article. -Fang Aili 07:24, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * That only makes it worse. --Apostrophe 17:40, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Just because you don't like something, Apostrophe, doesn't mean it isn't worthy of mention. Firefly is a clear amalgamation of several genres, and is an incredibly popular cult favorite, so discussing it's base ingredients is not a bad thing. Staxringold 21:11, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Key word being "discussing". Wikipedia is not a venue for opinion, which this article strongly implies; the opinion being that there is some sort of connection between the two series. Otherwise, why create the article, besides to report on people's beliefs (which this article fails to do so)? Still otherwise, articles for the sake of comparsion are inane. George W. Bush and Willaim Clinton have netural-colored hair, were presidents at one time in their lives, have wives, wear suits, and lives/lived in the White House! Let's make a article that details every aspect of their lives that are the same! No. I can be swayed by the fact that it's believed by many people, but the article isn't written like that. --Apostrophe 04:45, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

Ą
 * Cleanup. The comparison is well-known in fandom in a way that 'George Bush and Hulk Hogan' is not, and while in some literal sense it's original research, so is just about any popular culture article.  However, much of it is ridiculous.  There are genuine points of similarity between the series like the "space western" setting, the girl in a box, and the Chinese influence.  These are enough that people have noticed them--and then grasped at straws in their search for more.  Elements like a musclebound warrior and a mystic, which can be found in almost any series, are not reasonable as similarities between the two shows.  Ken Arromdee 21:40, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep with the note that a merge would be my second choice Darthdavid
 * Delete. Most of the compasisons are downright ridiculous. Yes, let's compare a smart kid with a warrior woman who can kill you with her pinky. Let's compare a irritable catgirl who was an actual ambassador to a high-class prostitute sarcastically called 'Ambassador' in one episode by the captain who disrespects her profession. And whoever suggested that Mal and Kaylee have an adversarial relationship clearly only ever saw the episode Shindig--and only half of it at that. Would you keep up a page that compares Lost to Gilligan's Isle because they both involve people stranded on an island?
 * Did you bother to read the page's history? Because if you did you'd see that was vadalism by some random guy, not the original article that's being voted on. Staxringold 03:04, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * User:Staxringold removed this comment. I know why you did (because it's a comment on a version of the article that is no longer applicable), but we don't remove others' comments in general because it's poor form.  Besides, this was the user's first contribution, the vote itself is unlikely to be taken into consideration.  R ADICAL B ENDER  ★  18:25, August 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * All right, I thought all votes were counted (so I was afraid a quick review of votes would miss that this vote was wholly unapplicable) Staxringold 20:52, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep for the refurbished article is no original research according to whats said on original research: "In some cases, where an article (1) makes descriptive claims that are easily verifiable by any reasonable adult, and (2) makes no analytic, synthetic, interpretive, or evaluative claims, a Wikipedia article may be based entirely on primary sources." I have to note, that I found this page only because i was interested in the article (as a firefly fan, searching for crossreferences) and it gave useful knowledge to me. It says in which points the two shows in question have things in common. Just stating facts resulting from the original film material (primary source), nothing more nothing less. Offering facts to the user i thought is the aim wikipedia has. Crossreferencing between entrys is a thing lacking as much as it's necessary to get a view on a topic in its whole width when you doing a research via wikipedia (I'am not speaking of linking from Lincoln to every other "President of USA"-Entry). Linking to similar things is the lowest level of crossreferencing. Declaring on what facts a crossreference is build on is a true help when you wan't to find out about the value of a crossreference. As I saw the crossreferences on Firefly article to other shows, I asked me why are they crossreferenced and where are the relations. This article gave me the understanding of that. So besides from passing the wikipedia guidelines on original research, this article was a chance of getting the knowledge (not an speculation) on which facts the crossreference of Firefly and Outlaw Star (I heard of before) is based on.
 * User's only edit. --Apostrophe 05:08, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. It is not hard to draw comparisons between stories by selectively taking generalized aspects of the plot or characters. Last night I read a comparison between the Lion King and Star Wars that was more convincing than this. Whilst it can be fun and entertaining coming up with them, such comparisons do not make for good encyclopedia articles. Sethoeph 22:34, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per Proto. There's nothing particularly revelatory here, and neither series is as notable as any of the other (also borderline) comparison articles. This is cruft. - A Man In Black (Talk | Contribs) 23:14, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-notable comparison. —Cleared as filed. 03:33, August 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Talk:158 (number)

Untitled
The smallest positive integer without a wikipedia article. Rich Farmbrough 20:27, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:158 (number)


text: User talk:82.171.185.191

title: User talk:82.171.185.191


text:
Michael Woo

Michael K. Woo (born October 8, 1951) is an American politician and academic who was the dean of the College of Environmental Design at California State Polytechnic University, Pomona. As a member of the Los Angeles City Council representing District 13 from 1985 to 1993, he was that body's first Asian American member and its youngest member upon his election, at 33.

Early life
Woo was born October 8, 1951, in Los Angeles County, California, the son of Wilbur and Beth Woo, native Chinese. Wilbur left the family's ancestral village in the city of Kaiping, China in 1940 to study at UCLA and had to stay in the United States during World War II, while Beth remained in China under Japanese occupation with two young daughters, Pat (later Wong) and Janice (later Chin). The family was reunited after the war, in 1946, and settled in a five-bedroom Monterey Park hillside home. Younger daughter Janice had contracted polio and needed seven operations before she could walk without help. The Woos had three more children born in the United States—Michael, Elaine, a journalist on the Los Angeles Times, and Pamela, who had Down's syndrome.

Woo went to Alhambra High School, and at the age of sixteen he attended summer classes at California State College at Los Angeles under a special program for gifted students. When he was a senior, his invitation on behalf of a student group to the editor of the UCLA Daily Bruin to talk at Alhambra High was vetoed by a department chairman who feared the editor "might speak on a controversial subject" that could be misunderstood outside the campus.

Young Woo chose to attend the University of California, Santa Cruz, he said, to get away from his family and into an unstructured environment. He graduated with honors in 1973 and earned his master's degree in city planning two years later from the University of California, Berkeley, with a thesis on the origins of regional government in the San Francisco Bay Area.

Chinese name
Michael Woo's Chinese name is , which is rendered Hú Shàojī in the Pinyin orthography and Wu4 Siu6 Gei1 in the Jyutping romanization.

Early career
Wilbur and his father, David Kitman Woo, began a produce business in a spot at the Ninth Street Market vacated by a Japanese man who was interned during the Second World War. After arriving in the United States, Beth Woo became the bookkeeper for the family business. In the 1960s, Wilbur Woo and friends chartered Cathay Bank, the first bank in Chinatown. He studied banking and later became a vice-president of the organization.

Volunteering
As the only son in his family, Michael Woo said he was brought up "with the expectation that I would have a leadership role of my own"; he worked in summer 1970 as a volunteer in the office of Assemblyman David Roberti and later for Democratic Senator William Proxmire of Wisconsin and in the presidential primary campaign of New York Mayor John V. Lindsay.

Senate staffer
Woo joined the staff of David Roberti after the latter was elected to the California State Senate in 1973. He took a leave in December 1980 to run for the City Council the next year, and he moved from Alhambra to Silver Lake to do so.

Academia
Woo previously taught at Harvard University and University of California, Los Angeles. He was dean of the College of Environmental Design at California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, retiring in 2019.

1981
Woo first ran for District 13 on the council in 1981, against incumbent Peggy Stevenson. The aggressive race was controversial for the supposedly racialized rhetoric used by Stevenson against Woo. Her primary campaign sent out fliers which asked Republican voters if they wanted the candidate supported by the Mexican American Political Association and the Asian Democratic Caucus "or Councilwoman Peggy Stevenson". She denied they were meant to raise racial questions but simply to point up Woo's "ultraliberal" support. Stevenson was also endorsed by controversial police chief Daryl Gates, which has been debated as being either an asset or a liability. Stevenson won the election with 20,162 votes to Woo's 13,018.

1985
The 1985 race in District 13, again between Councilwoman Peggy Stevenson and Woo, was notoriously expensive and cost a reported one million dollars. Stevenson was supported by "some of the city's most prominent political fund-raisers" and the "real estate industry," while Woo's Republican banker father provided about half of the $437,000 raised for his campaign. Zev Yaroslavsky and Marvin Braude, Los Angeles City Councilmembers expected to endorse Stevenson, endorsed Woo.

Woo was victorious in the race, with 16,417 votes to Stevenson's 12,052. The Los Angeles times credited the win to "family wealth, ethnic pride, younger voters and festering discontent with an incumbent officeholder". Stevenson blamed a "Westside political organization" headed by U.S. Representatives Henry Waxman and Howard Berman for her loss.

Tenure

 * Film, 1985. Woo publicly censured the MGM-UA film Year of the Dragon, a graphic movie about a crime war and violent youth gangs in New York's Chinatown. He was reported to be negotiating a public disclaimer that would be issued by the studio concerning the picture.

 * Sanctuary, 1986.  In his first major triumph, he succeeded in maneuvering the City Council into declaring that Los Angeles would be considered a "city of sanctuary" for political refugees, but the resulting public outcry forced the council to reverse itself and repeal the entire resolution.

 * Light rail, 1988. Woo and Mayor Tom Bradley wrote the June referendum ballot arguments in favor of establishing a light-rail line into the San Fernando Valley. Councilman Ernani Bernardi of the Valley was opposed.

 * Rodney King, 1991. He was the City Council leader in a fight to oust Police Chief Daryl Gates in the wake of the beating of Rodney G. King by police officers.

1993 Los Angeles mayoral campaign
Woo left his council seat in 1993 to run for mayor that year against Richard Riordan. Woo was endorsed by Bill Clinton, who was running for president at the time. Riordan garnered 54 percent of votes to Woo's 46 percent.

1994 California Secretary of State campaign
Woo ran for California Secretary of State in 1994. He lost to Tony Miller.

2001 Los Angeles City Council campaign
Woo attempted a comeback to his old City Council seat in 2001, but was defeated by Eric Garcetti by 1,000 votes, as Woo garnered 48% of the vote.

title: Michael Woo


text:
Talk:List of EarthBound characters

Tony's Homosexuality??
We need a citation for that one, big time.69.54.38.97 (talk) 17:59, 6 September 2008 (UTC)

Spoilers
There are lots of spoilers for Super Smash Bros Brawl that aren't marked or anything. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 129.21.113.176 (talk) 00:16, 5 February 2008 (UTC)

The Photographer
The photographer was reffered to as "Photo Man" by Ness' mother shortly before the ending credits. This as I recall was the only time the photographer was mentioned by a non-player character. — Kjammer ⌂  20:27, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

Dad
An anonymous author writes,

 * Calling Dad doesn't trigger the deposit. He just lets you know he did it.

Huh?

Consider: before the call, you have X money. After the call, you have Y money, where Y > X. Therefore you must call him to get money deposited in your account. Spamguy 08:30, 30 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Calling Dad does not increase or decrease the amount of money in your account, he only tells you how much money he has deposited since the last time you called him. You actually get the money after each battle, and you can withdraw that money without calling Dad. Neum 05:25, 31 January 2006 (UTC)

Split out main characters
To be specific, I wish for the merges on the individual main character articles to be reverted. There have been reversion back and forth on this, and to avoid an edit war I propose that Ness, Paula Polestar, Jeff Andonuts and Poo (EarthBound) be reverted into their original split state. Dread Lord CyberSkull ✎☠ 09:11, 27 July 2007 (UTC)
 * They have no real world information, so they don't require articles. Anyways, I have placed the pointless merge tag to satisfy this pointless need to discuss, even though we have WP:BRD for a reason (If you had actually stated that you felt the articles needed to be kept in the first place, this could already be over). TTN 21:51, 27 July 2007 (UTC)
 * I agree with TTN, the only one which might warrant an article is Ness due to his Smash Bros appearances, the others have no need of an article at all. I found this page because I was about to rate Paula's article for the project. A lot of the text in that article was about her allegedly teaching Ness her skills, that entire section was irrelevant, removing it would leave scarcely more info than is present here.QuagmireDog 16:26, 2 August 2007 (UTC)

It's fine the way it is.
The page is fine the way it is. There's no need to really discuss this. There wasn't any replies for a year and a half! So yeah.

Leafeon 03:36, 29 July 2007 (UTC)Leafeon

Paula
Somebody put in a comment about strippers in Paula's section, so I deleted it. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 216.145.206.112 (talk) 20:50, 13 September 2007 (UTC)

Last name
Is her last name officially "Polestar?" I don't remember the name ever being used as Paula's last name in the game--it was only the name of the preschool.63.215.28.146 04:34, 12 October 2007 (UTC) yeah so why does have a last name —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.146.66.61 (talk) 01:32, 18 October 2007 (UTC)

Poo
What is the origin of Poo's name? is it anything to do with poos, as in faeces? Obviously it's japanese, but I'm just wondering if there was any mischevious intent. Loki at6 03:42, 17 September 2007 (UTC)

Japanese Names
If I'm not mistaken, the Japanese names for Ness and Poo (at least) are different. When I get ahold of my Mother 2 manual, I'll give it a look. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 152.23.92.106 (talk) 13:44, 20 September 2007 (UTC)

False. Check the Japanese Wikipedia page for Mother 2: it's a ways down, but you'll find that the primary default names for the characters are ネス ("Nesu"/Ness), ポーラ ("Poora"/Paula), ジェフ ("Jefu"/Jeff) and プー ("Puu"/Poo). Actually, all the default names are listed: towards the end of each set, you'll notice that one possible set of default names is "Mario", "Peach", "Luigi" and "Kinopio" (Toad).--Tenka Muteki 01:40, 20 October 2007 (UTC)

Mother 3 spoilers
Is it really necessary to include Mother 3 spoilers in this article? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.63.42.183 (talk) 06:42, 7 October 2007 (UTC)

Gyiyg's backstory
Maybe my memory's just fuzzy, but I think I remember Maria's story in Mother 1 being a bit different. Singing was something that hurt Gyiyg, not something he loved: the infant Gyiyg was indeed put in Maria's care, but when she tried to sing to him, Gyiyg struck back and killed her. That's why "she never returned", as the opening mentions. (It could also be how he lost the tail, something mentioned both in the clue for reaching Magicant as well as, albeit indirectly, by Maria.) --Tenka Muteki 20:02, 15 October 2007 (UTC)
 * He did love it during his infancy, but his species becomes naturally aggressive, and so he struck out at her due to her singing having become intolerable. Thus, hearing the song both pleases and hurts him immensely. --75.135.82.7 (talk) 03:37, 5 January 2008 (UTC)

Lier X Agerate = Wario reference?
At the beginning of the game, he talked about eating garlic to become strong. Also, Wario is known as a liar, so the name could also attribute to the reference. Their bodies aren't much the same, but they both have mustaches. --24.225.134.55 04:21, 3 December 2007 (UTC)

 * Warion didn't eat garlic to become strong when Earthbound was released. 24.97.197.161 (talk) 16:41, 6 December 2007 (UTC)

No Ness Picture?
I understand that not everyone needs an image, but what makes Mr Saturn the single most important character on the list to get a picture. I think the main protagonist of Earthbound deserves at least a picture... 24.97.197.161 (talk) 16:39, 6 December 2007 (UTC)

Definatley. Pezzar (talk) 07:53, 11 December 2007 (UTC)

Sentence Makes No Sense
"The quote can be taken as he is either in it or not as he would have stated that Ness has appeared in every Smash Bros until now if he meant he was not in it."

Um... that's what he said... "appeared in every Smash Bros until now", so what does this sentence mean?Apofisu (talk) 18:07, 9 January 2008 (UTC)

I think the idea is that Ness was in every Super Smash Brother game up until Brawl- but they supposedly "confirmed" he is onboard due to an image leak. What gets to me is that the leak that supposedly shows it doesn't even show him- just a Pokemon Trainer that look sort of like him. --68.111.245.180 (talk) 19:01, 25 January 2008 (UTC)

Ness, in fact, is in Brawl, just as an unlockable character.--72.211.216.203 (talk) 15:53, 22 March 2008 (UTC)

Ness Link
The section on ness is a single link that 'redirects' to the main article on ness. The problem is, there is no main article on ness. It redirects back here.... PLEASE FIX VentusIgnis (talk) 12:12, 5 February 2008 (UTC)

OK. The link is replaced with the original text. Now, don't replace it with a link until the article is finished. Please? VentusIgnis (talk) 12:17, 5 February 2008 (UTC)

Ness' Mom
"According to the novelization, she was formerly a supermodel when Ness was a small child, which might explain Ness's homesickness, since she wouldn't be home a lot"

I don't understand this. Ness' mother's absence from his childhood should have no direct bearing on him being homesick when he is away.

 * On that subject, the claim that Ana is Ness's mom seems highly unlikely. Doesn't Earthbound Zero take place in the mid to late 1980's while Earthbound in the year "199X"? If in Earthbound Zero Ana was, like Ninten, around the age of 8 then wouldn't it be impossible for her to have a child Ness' age at the time Earthbound took place? —Preceding unsigned comment added by H6a6t6e (talk • contribs) 09:56, 20 October 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of EarthBound characters


text: Category:Mountains of Laos

title: Category:Mountains of Laos


text: Category:Kingston class patrol vessels

title: Category:Kingston class patrol vessels


text:
Brier score

The Brier Score is a strictly proper score function or strictly proper scoring rule that measures the accuracy of probabilistic predictions. For unidimensional predictions, it is strictly equivalent to the mean squared error as applied to predicted probabilities.

The Brier score is applicable to tasks in which predictions must assign probabilities to a set of mutually exclusive discrete outcomes or classes. The set of possible outcomes can be either binary or categorical in nature, and the probabilities assigned to this set of outcomes must sum to one (where each individual probability is in the range of 0 to 1). It was proposed by Glenn W. Brier in 1950.

The Brier score can be thought of as a cost function. More precisely, across all items $$i\in{1...N}$$ in a set of N predictions, the Brier score measures the mean squared difference between:
 * The predicted probability assigned to the possible outcomes for item i
 * The actual outcome $$o_i$$

Therefore, the lower the Brier score is for a set of predictions, the better the predictions are calibrated. Note that the Brier score, in its most common formulation, takes on a value between zero and one, since this is the square of the largest possible difference between a predicted probability (which must be between zero and one) and the actual outcome (which can take on values of only 0 or 1). In the original (1950) formulation of the Brier score, the range is double, from zero to two.

The Brier score is appropriate for binary and categorical outcomes that can be structured as true or false, but it is inappropriate for ordinal variables which can take on three or more values.

Definition
The most common formulation of the Brier score is
 * $$BS = \frac{1}{N}\sum\limits _{t=1}^{N}(f_t-o_t)^2 \,\!$$

in which $$f_t$$ is the probability that was forecast, $$o_t$$ the actual outcome of the event at instance $$t$$ ($$ 0 $$ if it does not happen and $$1$$ if it does happen) and $$N$$ is the number of forecasting instances. In effect, it is the mean squared error of the forecast. This formulation is mostly used for binary events (for example "rain" or "no rain"). The above equation is a proper scoring rule only for binary events; if a multi-category forecast is to be evaluated, then the original definition given by Brier below should be used.

Example
Suppose that one is forecasting the probability $$P$$ that it will rain on a given day. Then the Brier score is calculated as follows:
 * If the forecast is 100% ($$P$$ = 1) and it rains, then the Brier Score is 0, the best score achievable.
 * If the forecast is 100% and it does not rain, then the Brier Score is 1, the worst score achievable.
 * If the forecast is 70% ($$P$$ = 0.70) and it rains, then the Brier Score is (0.70−1)2 = 0.09.

 * In contrast, if the forecast is 70% ($$P$$ = 0.70) and it does not rain, then the Brier Score is (0.70−0)2 = 0.49.
 * Similarly, if the forecast is 30% ($$P$$ = 0.30) and it rains, then the Brier Score is (0.30−1)2 = 0.49.
 * If the forecast is 50% ($$P$$ = 0.50), then the Brier score is (0.50−1)2 = (0.50−0)2 = 0.25, regardless of whether it rains.

Original definition by Brier
Although the above formulation is the most widely used, the original definition by Brier is applicable to multi-category forecasts as well as it remains a proper scoring rule, while the binary form (as used in the examples above) is only proper for binary events. For binary forecasts, the original formulation of Brier's "probability score" has twice the value of the score currently known as the Brier score.

 * $$BS = \frac{1}{N}\sum\limits _{t=1}^{N}\sum\limits _{i=1}^{R}(f_{ti}-o_{ti})^2 \,\!$$

In which $$R$$ is the number of possible classes in which the event can fall, and $$N$$ the overall number of instances of all classes. $$f_{ti}$$ is the predicted probability for class $$i. o_{ti}$$ is $$1$$ if it is $$i$$-th class in instance $$t$$; $$0$$, otherwise. For the case Rain / No rain, $$R=2$$, while for the forecast Cold / Normal / Warm, $$R=3$$.

Decompositions
There are several decompositions of the Brier score which provide a deeper insight on the behavior of a binary classifier.

3-component decomposition
The Brier score can be decomposed into 3 additive components: Uncertainty, Reliability, and Resolution. (Murphy 1973)

 * $$ BS=REL-RES+UNC$$

Each of these components can be decomposed further according to the number of possible classes in which the event can fall. Abusing the equality sign:

 * $$ BS=\frac{1}{N}\sum\limits _{k=1}^{K}{n_{k}(\mathbf{f_{k}}-\mathbf{\bar{o}}_{\mathbf{k}})}^{2}-\frac{1}{N}\sum\limits _{k=1}^{K}{n_{k}(\mathbf{\bar{o}_{k}}-\bar{\mathbf{o}})}^{2}+\mathbf{\bar{o}}\left({1-\mathbf{\bar{o}}}\right)$$

With $$\textstyle N$$ being the total number of forecasts issued, $$\textstyle K$$ the number of unique forecasts issued, $$\mathbf{\bar{o}}={\sum_{t=1}^{N}}\mathbf/N$$ the observed climatological base rate for the event to occur, $$ n_{k}$$ the number of forecasts with the same probability category and $$\mathbf{\overline{o}}_{\mathbf{k}}$$ the observed frequency, given forecasts of probability $$\mathbf{f_{k}}$$. The bold notation in the above formula indicates vectors, which is another way of denoting the original definition of the score and decomposing it according to the number of possible classes in which the event can fall. For example, a 70% chance of rain and an occurrence of no rain are denoted as $$\mathbf=(0.3,0.7)$$  and  $$\mathbf=(1,0)$$ respectively. Operations like the square and multiplication on these vectors are understood to be component wise. The Brier Score is then the sum of the resulting vector on the right hand side.

Reliability
The reliability term measures how close the forecast probabilities are to the true probabilities, given that forecast. Reliability is defined in the contrary direction compared to English language. If the reliability is 0, the forecast is perfectly reliable. For example, if we group all forecast instances where 80% chance of rain was forecast, we get a perfect reliability only if it rained 4 out of 5 times after such a forecast was issued.

Resolution
The resolution term measures how much the conditional probabilities given by the different forecasts differ from the climatic average. The higher this term is, the better. In the worst case, when the climatic probability is always forecast, the resolution is zero. In the best case, when the conditional probabilities are zero and one, the resolution is equal to the uncertainty.

Uncertainty
The uncertainty term measures the inherent uncertainty in the outcomes of the event. For binary events, it is at a maximum when each outcome occurs 50% of the time, and is minimal (zero) if an outcome always occurs or never occurs.

Two-component decomposition
An alternative (and related) decomposition generates two terms instead of three.

 * $$ BS=CAL + REF$$

 * $$ BS=\frac{1}{N}\sum\limits _{k=1}^{K}{n_{k}(\mathbf{f_{k}}-\mathbf{\bar{o}}_{\mathbf{k}})}^{2}+\frac{1}{N}\sum\limits _{k=1}^{K}{ n_{k}(\mathbf{\bar{o}_{k}} (1 - \mathbf{\bar{o}_{k}} } ) )$$

The first term is known as calibration (and can be used as a measure of calibration, see statistical calibration), and is equal to reliability. The second term is known as refinement, and it is an aggregation of resolution and uncertainty, and is related to the area under the ROC Curve.

The Brier Score, and the CAL + REF decomposition, can be represented graphically through the so-called Brier Curves, where the expected loss is shown for each operating condition. This makes the Brier Score a measure of aggregated performance under a uniform distribution of class asymmetries.

Brier Skill Score (BSS)
A skill score for a given underlying score is an offset and (negatively-) scaled variant of the underlying score such that a skill score value of zero means that the score for the predictions is merely as good as that of a set of baseline or reference or default predictions, while a skill score value of one (100%) represents the best possible score. A skill score value less than zero means that the performance is even worse than that of the baseline or reference predictions. When the underlying score is the Brier score (BS), the Brier skill score (BSS) is calculated as

 * $$BSS = 1 - \frac{BS}{BS_{ref}}$$

where $$BS_{ref}$$ is the Brier score of reference or baseline predictions which we seek to improve on. While the reference predictions could in principle be given by any pre-existing model, by default one can use the naïve model that predicts the overall proportion or frequency of a given class in the data set being scored, as the constant predicted probability of that class occurring in each instance in the data set. This baseline model would represent a "no skill" model that one seeks to improve on. Skill scores originate in the meteorological prediction literature, where the naïve default reference predictions are called the "in-sample climatology" predictions, where climatology means a long-term or overall average of weather predictions, and in-sample means as calculated from the present data set being scored. In this default case, for binary (two-class) classification, the reference Brier score is given by (using the notation of the first equation of this article, at the top of the Definition section):

 * $$BS_{ref} = \frac{1}{N}\sum\limits _{t=1}^{N}(\bar{o}-o_t)^2 \,$$

where $$\bar{o}$$ is simply the average actual outcome, i.e. the overall proportion of true class 1 in the data set:
 * $$\bar{o} = \frac{1}{N}\sum\limits _{t=1}^{N}o_t .$$

With a Brier score, lower is better (it is a loss function) with 0 being the best possible score. But with a Brier skill score, higher is better with 1 (100%) being the best possible score.

The Brier skill score can be more interpretable than the Brier score because the BSS is simply the percentage improvement in the BS compared to the reference model, and a negative BSS means you are doing even worse than the reference model, which may not be obvious from looking at the Brier score itself. However, a BSS near 100% should not typically be expected because this would require that every probability prediction was nearly 0 or 1 (and was correct of course).

Because the Brier score is a strictly proper scoring rule, and the BSS is just an affine transformation of it, the BSS is also a strictly proper scoring rule.

You might notice that classification's (probability estimation's) BSS is to its BS, as regression's coefficient of determination ($$R^2$$) is to its mean squared error (MSE).

Shortcomings
The Brier score becomes inadequate for very rare (or very frequent) events, because it does not sufficiently discriminate between small changes in forecast that are significant for rare events. Wilks (2010) has found that "[Q]uite large sample sizes, i.e. n > 1000, are required for higher-skill forecasts of relatively rare events, whereas only quite modest sample sizes are needed for low-skill forecasts of common events."

title: Brier score


text:
HMS Fame (1759)

HMS Fame was a 74-gun third-rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, in service during the Seven Years' War and the American Revolutionary War.

Construction
Orders for Fame's construction were issued by Admiralty in April 1756, in the months before the outbreak of the Seven Years' War against France. She was designed by naval architect William Bately, newly appointed as co-Surveyor of the Navy alongside his more senior colleague Sir Thomas Slade. It was Bately's first design for a vessel of this size, and borrowed heavily from Slade's specifications for the older 74-gun Dublin-class ships which were then under construction at England's Royal Dockyards. Bately's drawings also drew inspiration from the dimensions and sailing qualities of the King's yacht Royal Caroline. It was the only vessel built to these specifications; all subsequent 74-gun vessels launched during the Seven Years' War were designed directly by Slade.

There was little room available in the Royal Dockyards for the new vessel. Consequently, despite some Navy Board misgivings regarding quality and cost, contracts for her construction were issued to a private shipwright, Henry Bird of Rotherhithe, for £17.2s per ton burthen and with an emphasis on completion and launch by May 1758. Fame's keel was laid down 28 May 1756 but work proceeded slowly, with the vessel not finally ready for launch until 1 January 1759. As built Fame was comparable in size to Slade's Dublin–class vessels, being 165 ft long with a 134 ft keel, a beam of 46 ft, and a hold depth of 19 ft. Construction expenses were £26,392.10s with an additional £9,169.9s for fitting-out – significantly less than costs for the majority of Dublin–class ships.

Her designated complement was 550, comprising five commissioned officers – a captain and four lieutenants – overseeing 80 warrant and petty officers, 304 naval ratings, 99 Marines and 62 servants and other ranks.

Naval career
In 1762, while in company with HMS Lion (1753), she captured the French 10-gun ship Ecureuil. On 20 January 1768, she was driven from her moorings at Plymouth, Devon onto St. Nicholas Island and was severely damaged. She collided with the Irish ships Freemason and Valentine. The former was also driven ashore on St. Nicholas Island, the latter sank in the Hamoaze. HMS Fame was refloated on 5 February and taken in to Plymouth for repairs.

In 1778, commanded by Captain Stephen Colby, she proceeded to the North American station in a fleet of 14 ships commanded by Vice-Admiral the Hon. John Byron with his flag in HMS Princess Royal (1773).

On 6 July 1779, commanded by Captain John Butchart, Fame took part in the Battle of Grenada against the French. The French fleet, under Admiral D’Estaing, consisted of 25 ships of the line and several frigates. The British fleet, under Vice-Admiral Byron, had 21 ships of the line and 1 frigate. The French were anchored off Georgetown on the south-west of the island, and the English approached during the night. D’Estaing weighed at 4 am and Byron chased. The British ships attacked in utter disorder and confusion. Fame and three other ships got separated from the main body, and were very badly mauled. The French lost no ships and eventually hauled off. The British lost 183 killed and 346 wounded. Fame lost 4 killed and 9 wounded. The French lost 190 killed and 759 wounded. This action reflected no credit on either side.

In 1782, commanded by Captain Robert Barbor, she was one of a fleet of 36 ships of the line under Admiral Sir George Rodney, who flew his flag in HMS Formidable (1777). They met in the West Indies between Dominica and Guadeloupe a French fleet of 33 ships of the line commanded by Vice-Admiral Comte de Grasse with his flag in Ville de Paris. The fighting was spread over several days, and the French were defeated in the Battle of the Saintes.

George Vancouver served as lieutenant on this Fame under Captain Robert Barbor during this engagement. Vancouver later went on captain his own ship, HMS Discovery (1789), on a voyage of discovery to the Pacific Northwest in search of the Northwest passage.

In December 1799, Fame was renamed Guilford and fitted as a prison ship. She was eventually sold out of the service in 1814.

title: HMS Fame (1759)


text: Template:Lists of flags

title: Template:Lists of flags


text: User talk:70.144.140.51

title: User talk:70.144.140.51


text:
Jerzy Kossak

Jerzy Maciej Kossak (Kraków, 11 September 1886 – 11 May 1955, Kraków) was a Polish realist painter specializing in military scenes. He was the son of painter Wojciech Kossak and grandson of painter Juliusz Kossak, a third-generation artist from a well-known and sought after family of painters, writers and poets.

Artist
Jerzy Kossak was a prolific painter of mostly historic scenes featuring the famed Polish Uhlans on horses, usually sold on the spot, but also used for barter at times of the postwar economic slump, until his death before the end of Stalinism in Poland. His paintings, along with those of his ancestors, remain among the best-selling at Polish art auctions.

Personal life
Jerzy Kossak was a brother of the poet Maria Pawlikowska-Jasnorzewska and of the novelist Magdalena Samozwaniec, as well as the father of biologist Simona Kossak and of painter Gloria Kossak. He resides at the historic family manor called "Kossakówka", in metropolitan Kraków.

He was married twice, first to Ewa Kossakowa (née Kaplińska), by whom he had two daughters, (one called Maria, born 1917), and then to Elżbieta Dzięciołowska-Śmiałowska, who was the mother of Simona and Gloria.

title: Jerzy Kossak


text:
BHR

BHR may refer to:

 * Bahrain (ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 code: BHR), a small Arab monarchy in the Persian Gulf
 * BHR Partners, Chinese-American private equity company
 * Birmingham Hip Resurfacing (BHR) system, an FDA-approved device for hip resurfacing
 * Blue House raid, an unsuccessful attempt by North Korean commandos to assassinate the South Korean president
 * Bronchial hyperresponsiveness, a state characterised by easily triggered bronchospasm
 * Business History Review, a peer-reviewed academic journal covering the field of business history
 * IATA code for Bharatpur Airport

title: BHR


text:
Dirty Harry (song)

"Dirty Harry" is a song from British alternative rock virtual band Gorillaz' second studio album, Demon Days (2005).

Song history
"Dirty Harry" was first released as a promotional single on iTunes before being released as the third single from the album on 21 November 2005, peaking at number six in the United Kingdom. An early version entitled "I Need a Gun" was included on Damon Albarn's album Democrazy. On 8 December 2005, "Dirty Harry" was nominated for a Grammy under the category "Urban/Alternative Performance", but was beaten by Damian "Jr. Gong" Marley's "Welcome to Jamrock". It became Gorillaz' 3rd consecutive top 10 hit and last song to make it on the top 10 to this date.

Music video
The video was first released on 25 October 2005, sent to those on the e-mail list on Gorillaz' official website. A thematic follow-up to the band's "Clint Eastwood", it refers to the film of the same name, Clint Eastwood being the lead actor in the movie. "Dirty Harry" is the first Gorillaz music video to be shot on location; initially, the group intended to utilise a computer-animated desert as background, but discovered that simply flying to a real desert was easier and cheaper.

The video was shot in the Swakopmund Desert in Namibia; it mainly features a shirtless 2-D and an animated version of the San Fernando Valley Youth Chorus stranded in the desert, following what appears to have been a helicopter crash. The survivors keep themselves entertained with the song while awaiting the arrival of rescuers, portrayed by Noodle and Murdoc crewing a Windhoeker Maschinenfabrik Wer’wolf MKII mine-proof vehicle driven by Russel.

Both song and video feature a guest appearance by Pharcyde rapper Bootie Brown, who leaps out of a sand dune in military fatigues to perform his verse of the song. The video concludes with Gorillaz, the children, and Bootie Brown departing the crash site in the Wer'wolf, which breaks down a short distance away.

Track listings
UK CD1 and digital download 1
 * 1) "Dirty Harry" – 3:52
 * 2) "All Alone" (live) – 3:39

UK CD2 and digital download 2
 * 1) "Dirty Harry" (single edit) – 3:51
 * 2) "Hongkongaton" – 3:33
 * 3) "Dirty Harry" (Chopper remix) – 3:40

UK DVD single
 * 1) "Dirty Harry" (video) – 5:00
 * 2) "Murdoc Is God" – 2:26
 * 3) "Dirty Harry" (animatic with "Dirty Harry" instrumental) – 4:21

European and Australian CD single
 * 1) "Dirty Harry" – 3:50
 * 2) "Dirty Harry" (Chopper remix) – 3:40
 * 3) "Hongkongaton" – 3:35
 * 4) "Dirty Harry" (music video) – 5:00
 * 5) "Dirty Harry" (animatic with "Dirty Harry" instrumental) – 4:21

Japanese CD single
 * 1) "Dirty Harry" – 3:50
 * 2) "All Alone" (live) – 3:40
 * 3) "Hongkongaton" – 3:35
 * 4) "Dirty Harry" (Chopper remix) – 3:40
 * 5) "Dirty Harry" (video) – 5:00

Personnel

 * Damon Albarn – vocals, synthesizers, guitars, string arrangements
 * Bootie Brown – vocals
 * Jason Cox – mixing, engineering
 * James Dring – drum programming
 * Al Mobbs – double bass
 * Emma Smith – double bass
 * Amanda Drummond – viola
 * Stella Page – viola
 * Prabjote Osahn – violin
 * Sally Jackson – violin
 * Isabelle Dunn – cello
 * Danger Mouse – sampled loops, percussion, drum programming, mixing
 * Howie Weinberg – mastering
 * Steve Sedgwick – mixing assistance
 * The San Fernandez Youth Chorus – additional vocals

title: Dirty Harry (song)


text:
User talk:Yumidas

Whatever it is you're doing, please don't. Evercat 20:32, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Yumidas


text:
Talk:AMC Concord

Options/Comparisons
I'm surprised someone removed the statements regarding the following:

 * Options – Yes, air conditioning, power steering and brakes, and automatic transmission were available (as options) on AMC Hornets. But power locks, windows, seats, etc., were not; in fact, it was 1980 when these items were first offered on Concords, thus, its placement in the article. The listing of standard equipment and the statement "For car in its size and price class, the Concord came better equipped than many of its competitors" tells only part of the story.
 * Comparing to other cars – It is fair, IMO, to compare the AMC Concord with the BMW 3 and Cadillac Cimarron. Look at comparative specifications between the three cars and, added to the above statement, you'll see the statement – even though I admit it reeks of POV – is valid.
 * Image – Yes, it is a good idea to use the publicity shot from AMC. But I don't see how the previous image portrayed the car as "junker." Although I admit a better photo could have been used, the car portrayed in the color image appeared to be a car that was in fine condition. Briguy52748 14:01, 10 February 2006 (UTC)]]
 * Regarding the changes - they were meant to streamline the article and provide a better image of the vehicle. As for the BMW3 connection, you maintain that a road hugging, firm seated BMW 3 Series and the over-tuffted velour interior, softly sprung Concord were alike?  If one is traveling eighty-miles per hour in the 3 Series and then slam on the brakes, you would find a very different stop expirienced than if you were to try that in nose heavy Concord. If the Concord's performance was indeed equal to that of a 3Series, than I am at a loss to explain why the 3Series exists, and the Concord doesn't. If the image of the car is your car, than I apologize again. But in IMHO the image of any car used in a Wikipedia entry for that model needs to illustrate the car well, as it was designed, and that includes good lighting, etc, all of its parts, such as wheelcovers, etc. The job of these articles is to provide the reader with a sound overview of the car.If I have offended you, I apologize.  Stude62 14:51, 10 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Stude62 – Hey, don't worry, you didn't offend me at all; I simply was looking for a few explanations about your edits before considering whether (and what) to revert. However, I will say I am fully aware of this article's purpose – to give an accurate overview of the car.
 * BTW – the item about the luxury options (power locks, et al.) came from "The Standard Catalog of American Cars 1976-1999," and is where I drew the comparisons to the BMW 3 and Cadillac Cimarron as compact, entry-level luxury cars (though these cars may not necessarily be good performers or road handlers; indeed, the BMW was vastly superior to the AMC Concord, and Cadillac Cimarron for that matter). By that standard, then perhaps the Cimarron more closely matches the AMC Concord when both cars are loaded with options, but that is a debate for somewhere other than Wikipedia. Briguy52748 18:25, 10 February 2006 (UTC)]]
 * Update - I went back and looked at the previous "junker" photo, and while I don't think it would qualify as such, a better photograph could have been used beforehand (since this car had no wheel covers and mismatched, worn tires). As a friendly suggestion, perhaps you can find a color image - publicity or a newer one in mint condition - to depict the car to complement the existing B&W photo. Briguy52748 22:05, 10 February 2006 (UTC)]]
 * Tried to find a color image and could find one in my collection that was catalog based. If you see a good example and snap it, could you post it? Stude62 00:26, 11 February 2006 (UTC)

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title: Talk:AMC Concord


text:
BGD

BGD or Bgd may refer to:

 * BGD, the Bangladesh ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 country code
 * Belgrade, the capital city of Serbia
 * BGD, the Hutchinson County Airport IATA airport code

title: BGD


text:
Joel McIlroy

Joel McIlroy (born 8 August 1973 in Sydney) is an Australian actor, known for being the second actor to take on the role of Flynn Saunders, a character of the popular soap opera Home and Away. McIlroy took over the role of Flynn in 2003 after Martin Dingle-Wall left the role in 2002.

Early life
Joel McIlroy grew up in the Northern Beaches area of Sydney. McIlroy first appeared in various productions with the Forest Youth Theatre Company, acting in musicals from the age of 16 to 18. After starring in a Year 11 musical production with his high school, McIlroy decided that he wanted to become an actor. While still at school McIlroy went to the USA and studied in Los Angeles for six months. He later travelled around Europe before returning to Sydney to study acting.

At 20, McIlroy enrolled in the Australian Theatre for Young People (ATYP) and after completing four years' study has had acting roles in theatre and television ever since. McIlroy appeared in the plays, A Midsummer Night's Dream, Henry V (both by Shakespeare) and The Hour We Knew Nothing of Each Other. He worked at student jobs to support himself during those years.

Career
Many years later, he is still connected with the "Theatre for Young People." After appearing in the short film, The Beat Manifesto, for the Australian Film and Television School (North Ryde, Sydney), McIlroy was nominated for an AFI Award. He also won the Lend Lease Scholarship from the "Australian Theatre for Young People." McIlroy enrolled in a director's course with the National Institute of Dramatic Art (NIDA). His acting career spanned various plays and guest roles in television: Water Rats (1996), All Saints (1998), as Brent Duffy for four episodes of the ABC TV drama Love Is a Four-Letter Word (2001), also as Bertie Jenkins in the ABC mini series Changi (2001) and as Chook in the feature film, Angst (2000).

He also directed two Sam Shepherd plays, Action and Fool for Love.

McIlroy's acting career really took off when he joined Home and Away to replace Martin Dingle-Wall as 'Flynn Saunders'. In 2006 he was nominated for a Silver Logie Award for the most popular actor on Australian television. After becoming the husband of Sally Fletcher (Kate Ritchie), Flynn Saunders died of skin cancer, after stopping chemotherapy so he could die peacefully at home.

In 2007, he appeared in "Lion Pig Lion" at the Dunstan Playhouse in Adelaide with actress Carmel Johnson.

Arrest
McIlroy is infamous for his violent outbursts and his multiple court appearances. On 6 July 2023, he was charged for damaging a passenger window frame by smashing it with a cricket bat. On 23 October 2019, McIlroy also appeared in court after allegedly assaulting a female police officer in an unprovoked attack. In a statement, NSW Police said the 29-year-old senior constable was left with injuries to her face, neck and shoulder after she was allegedly punched repeatedly by McIlroy.

title: Joel McIlroy


text:
Llíria

Llíria (Liria) is a medium-sized town off the CV35 motorway to the north of Valencia, Spain. Known as Edeta in ancient Iberian times, it is the musical capital of the region. On October 30, 2019, Llíria was declared a Creative City in the category of Music by the UNESCO.

Location
Llíria is the capital of the area known as Camp de Túria in the province of Valencia. It is approximately 25 km north-west of the city of Valencia. It sits at an altitude of 164m (530'). The traditional economy is based on agriculture, but industries such as textiles, construction materials, plastics, and furniture are becoming increasingly important. The city is at the end of the Metrovalencia train system. Construction of a new general hospital in Llíria began in 2007 and finished in 2015. Due to the severe financial crisis, the building of the hospital took much longer than initially expected.

The local Fiestas are Romería of San Vicente Ferrer (29 April), and Saint Michael (29 September).

Pre-Roman Age
Under Llíria lie the ruins of what was one of the most important Iberian cities in Spain. The city was then known as Edeta and it was the administrative centre of Edetania, an extensive territory between the rivers Júcar / Xúquer and / Riu Palància.

Edeta was built on a hilltop known as Sant Miquel, which overlooks the modern city. The city was moved downhill to its current location by Quintus Sertorius after Roman troops destroyed the town in 76 BC.

Roman Age

Under the Romans, Llíria was as important as Valencia or Sagunt. The town is very rich in Roman finds, including a large Roman leisure centre with a temple, shops, pools, and hot baths.

Recent archaeological excavations have uncovered one of Spain's largest-ever caches of buried coins. Popularly known as the Treasure of Carrer Duc de Llíria, it totals some 6,000 silver denarii minted in the first and third centuries. Another archaeological find was a mosaic of The Twelve Labours of Hercules, which was excavated from a Domus Romana (Roman home) at Can Porcar or Casa de Porcar (Porcar House) in Llíria. It is currently displayed at the National Archaeological Museum of Spain (in Madrid). Additionally, Llíria's own archaeological museum contains imagery from its original location including details of each of the labors along with other Roman artifacts from the town.

Mediaeval Period
The first church in Llíria was built in 1238 by King James I of Aragon, after his victory over the Moors and the conquest of the Valencian region. The Church of the Blood (església de la Sang) was built on the site of a mosque and is a typical example of Valencian Gothic architecture with Roman and Valencian influences. Some remains of the original mosque can still be seen.

In 1919 the church was gazetted as a National Monument and was the first religious monument in the Valencian Community to receive this distinction. The church was recently restored and opened to the public.

Climate
The climate is Mediterranean, but with slight continental influence due to the inland location with occasional cool nights in winter, snow is a very rare phenomenon. The average temperature is between 10°/11° C (50°/52° F) in January and 26°/29 °C (79°/84 °F) in July and August. Rainfall is very irregular but with heavy showers common in September and October.

Population
The city has about 24,000 residents (2022). Llíria and the surrounding area has one of fastest rates of population growth in the entire nation. Utility services are struggling to keep up with largely unplanned growth. Sedesa SA has been given approval to construct a golf course with a hotel and luxury housing on a site some three kilometres to the north-east of the city. Work on the development was expected to begin in 2007, but now seem to have been suspended following the economic downturn. The largest immigrant communities are from Morocco (434), Romania (344) and the United Kingdom (323).

Festivals

 * Holy Week in Llíria: (Valencian: Setmana Santa de Llíria, Semana Santa de Liria) is one of the most important traditional events in the city and also one of the most ancient traditional Holy Week celebrations in the Region of Valencia. It is celebrated between Friday of Sorrows and Resurrection Sunday, including also Palm Sunday, Maundy Thursday (Holy Thursday), Good Friday, and Holy Saturday. Llíria has elaborate processions during Holy Week, a tradition that dates from medieval times. Like in other regions of Spain, its Holy Week is notable for featuring the procession of "imágenes", lifelike wood or plaster sculptures of individual scenes of the events that happened between Jesus' arrest and his burial, or images of the Virgin Mary showing grief for the torture and killing of her son.
 * Saint Michael's Festival or Feast Day: on 29 September
 * Saint Vincent's Festival or Feast Day: Next Monday after Easter
 * Festival of the Immaculate Conception: end of August
 * Festival of Our Lady of the Remedy: mid-September
 * Taurine Week: First week of October

Music
Several thousand of Llíria's residents play musical instruments and the city is well known for its two intensely rival bands (wind orchestras). The first band, the "Banda Primitiva", was formed by a Franciscan friar Antoni Albarracín Enguídanos in 1819 and the subsequent band divided in 1903 to form the rival Unió Musical.

The Conservatory of Lliria is a public center created by the city council in the 1990s.

Language
Both Spanish and Valencian are spoken in the town; however, the number speaking Valencian in their homes is steadily decreasing as the town is slowly absorbed into the Spanish-speaking conurbation of Valencia.

Schools
Spanish & Valencian language schools (State): Sant Vicent (962 780 374), Sant Miquel (962 781 217), Camp de Túria (962 780 503), and Laurona (962 790 125).
 * Spanish-language grant-aided schools: El Prat (962 780 071)
 * Valencian-language grant-aided schools: La Unió (962 780 254)
 * Spanish language church schools: Francisco Llopis (962 781 091) and Santa Ana (962 781 091)

title: Llíria


text:
Talk:Timeline of Aesthetic Realism

Random books
What conceivable importance to the history of AR does the "Konica Pocket Handbook" have? It sounds like we're addig any book by an AR student that acknowledges AR. WE should restirct this timeline to events which were important to AR. -Willmcw 20:33, August 25, 2005 (UTC)

 * I saw the book, a few years back, and as I recall it related various issues of photographic technique to the Siegel Theory of Opposites. Photography is not my field--music is--so I don't have a copy of the book, so I can't immediately quote the relevant passages.  But I remember the relation being made between the philosophic ideas of Eli Siegel, and "down-to-earth" practical matters a working photographer would face.

 * I'm sure there'll be photographers out there who could add to this, and quote directly from the book.  But since the issue of the relevance of this book came up, I thought I ought to comment on it.  I hope the comments are useful.  [egmusic, Nov. 6, 2005]

 * I don't doubt that the book exists, or that it contains an essay on AR as it applies to photography. My question is: "what makes this book important to AR?" -Willmcw 01:23, 7 November 2005 (UTC)

January edits explained
I thought I wrote up my edits when I did them in January, but I just noticed they're not here. Anyway, I removed several things from the article that aren't really related to Aesthetic Realism. The AR people want to trumpet every accolade ever received by one of their members, but that's just not really related to AR itself. I was rather conservative in my pruning -- lots more should be removed, but given my status as this group's most visible critic I felt some restraint was in order. I'll leave further editing to other editors. Likewise, if independent editors feel that I've gone too far, they're welcome to reinstate the bits I deleted. -MichaelBluejay (talk) 06:01, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

Deletions
Why was material deleted from the article?  Will Beback   talk    06:24, 1 April 2010 (UTC)

Unsourced
This article has been almost totally unsourced since 2007. While I am personally fond of referring to simple chronologies to supplement complicated histories, timelines are not typical on Wikipedia, and this is not a complicated history. I suggest that we should move any materials which can be sourced to the AR article or Siegel bio and delete the rest. We don't need to decide this now, but we should start adding sources to anything we want to keep.  Will Beback   talk    08:05, 8 June 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Timeline of Aesthetic Realism


text:
List of California Historical Landmarks

Below is a list of California Historical Landmarks organized by county.

List

 * Alameda County
 * Alpine County
 * Amador County
 * Butte County
 * Calaveras County
 * Colusa County
 * Contra Costa County
 * Del Norte County
 * El Dorado County
 * Fresno County
 * Glenn County
 * Humboldt County
 * Imperial County
 * Inyo County
 * Kern County
 * Kings County
 * Lake County
 * Lassen County
 * Los Angeles County
 * Madera County

 * Marin County
 * Mariposa County
 * Mendocino County
 * Merced County
 * Modoc County
 * Mono County
 * Monterey County
 * Napa County
 * Nevada County
 * Orange County
 * Placer County
 * Plumas County
 * Riverside County
 * Sacramento County
 * San Benito County
 * San Bernardino County
 * San Diego County
 * San Francisco County
 * San Joaquin County

 * San Luis Obispo County
 * San Mateo County
 * Santa Barbara County
 * Santa Clara County
 * Santa Cruz County
 * Shasta County
 * Sierra County
 * Siskiyou County
 * Solano County
 * Sonoma County
 * Stanislaus County
 * Sutter County
 * Tehama County
 * Trinity County
 * Tulare County
 * Tuolumne County
 * Ventura County
 * Yolo County
 * Yuba County

title: List of California Historical Landmarks


text:
Fairthorpe Cars

Fairthorpe Ltd was a British manufacturer of motorcars, active between 1954 and 1973. Production was in Chalfont St Peter, Buckinghamshire, England between 1954 and 1961, from 1961 to 1973 in Denham, Buckinghamshire.

Fairthorpe Ltd was founded by Air Vice Marshal Donald Bennett.

Fairthorpe Ltd remains listed (as does Technical Exponents Ltd) at Denham Green Lane (as at 2007), but Fairthorpe does not trade.

Atom and Atomota
The first cars were lightweight two-seat models powered by motorcycle engines and with glassfibre bodies.

The 1954 Atom was powered by a rear-mounted, two-stroke, air-cooled motor cycle engine driving the rear wheels through a three-speed Albion motor cycle gearbox and chain to the back axle. A choice of 250 cc or 350 cc BSA single cylinder and 322 cc Anzani twin-cylinder engines was offered. The body was mounted on a backbone chassis and had all independent suspension by coil springs and hydraulic brakes. 44 were made.

The Atomota replaced the Atom in 1957 and was a complete re-design with front-mounted engine and new chassis. The engine was a twin cylinder, 646 cc BSA overhead-valve unit from the BSA Golden Flash model. It was coupled to a Standard 10 gearbox and drove the rear wheels via a propeller shaft and hypoid bevel gear. The suspension used coil springs all round with trailing wishbones at the rear. The number made is uncertain and the last car seems to have been made in 1960.

Electron
In 1956 a new larger car, the open 2-seat Electron appeared using a 1098 cc overhead-cam Coventry Climax engine. The front suspension was independent using coil springs and drum brakes were used all round. The engine was expensive for the company to buy resulting in a high price of £1050 (complete) or £734 (kit); only around 20-30 are thought to have been made.

A reduced price version the Electron Minor followed in 1957 using the Standard SC engine, transmission and rear axle from the Standard Ten. In 1963 the car received a larger version of the SC engine from the Triumph Spitfire and front disc brakes came from the same source in 1966. A hardtop was available as an option. With various specification changes the cars went from a Mark I to a Mark VI which had a Triumph GT6 chassis.

It was the mainstay of production until 1973 with about 700 being built.

There was also a closed 2+2 version with Triumph Herald mechanicals called the Electrina but only about 6 were produced.

The cars were available fully assembled or in kit form. Production peaked at about 20 cars a month.

Zeta
The Zeta was introduced in 1959, powered by a modified six-cylinder Ford Zephyr engine of 2553 cc. It was offered in a choice of three stages of tune, with up to six carburettors and a BRM cylinder head, priced at £1,198, £1,281 and £1,407 respectively; the basic kit was available for £740. Very few, probably five, were made.

Rockette
A new version of the Zeta, the Rockette, was introduced in 1962. Sporting a slightly modified glass-fibre body shell and using a Triumph Vitesse 1600 cc engine and Triumph independent front suspension. It was priced at £997, or £625 in kit form. Approximately 25 were made up to 1967.

TX
In 1967 Donald Bennett's son Torix joined the company and a new car the TX-GT coupé based on a Triumph GT6 chassis but with transverse rod independent rear suspension was announced. The engine was the 1998 cc unit also from the GT6. By this time the market for hand-built small production cars was declining and the last model, the TX-S was a modified TX-GT with a variety of engines and the choice of the standard GT6 rear suspension. It could also be had as the TX-SS with Triumph fuel-injected engines. Only about 30 of the TX cars were made.

Another car, the TX Tripper, was produced by Torix's company, Technical Exponents, which shared premises with Fairthorpe. Looking like a psychedelic cross between a beach buggy and a sports car it was marketed as a TX and offered with either the Triumph chassis or a TX designed chassis. Triumph engines powered its various models: 1300, 2000, and 2500. About 20 were made.

Cars

 * Fairthorpe Atom (1954–57): 250 cc to 650 cc, chain drive
 * Fairthorpe Atomota (1958–60): 650 cc, live rear axle
 * Fairthorpe Electron (1956–65): Coventry Climax engine. Front disc from 1957. Final version with Triumph Spitfire engine. Body Microplas Mistral.
 * Fairthorpe Electron Minor (1957–73): Standard 10/Triumph Herald engine. Final version on Triumph GT6 chassis with Spitfire engine (1968).
 * Fairthorpe Electrina (1961–63): closed 4-seat version of the Electron
 * Fairthorpe Zeta (1959–65): racing version
 * Fairthorpe Rockette (1963–67): as Zeta but with Triumph Vitesse engine
 * Fairthorpe TX-GT (1967–76): 2-seat coupe with Triumph 2-litre 6-cylinder engine
 * Fairthorpe TX-S and TX-SS: (1969–76): similar to the TX-GT but with a wider variety of engine and transmission packages, all Triumph.

title: Fairthorpe Cars


text:
Pak Ou Caves

Near Pak Ou  (mouth of the Ou river) the Tham Ting (lower cave) and the Tham Theung (upper cave) are caves overlooking the Mekong River, 25 km to the north of Luang Prabang, Laos. They are a group of two caves on the west side of the Mekong river, about two hours upstream from the centre of Luang Prabang, and are frequently visited by tourists.

The caves are noted for their miniature Buddha sculptures. Hundreds of very small and mostly damaged wooden Buddhist figures are laid out over the wall shelves. They take many different positions, including meditation, teaching, walking, naga, peace, rain, and reclining (Nibbana).

title: Pak Ou Caves


text: User talk:199.46.198.230

title: User talk:199.46.198.230


text: Category:Lakes of Malaysia

title: Category:Lakes of Malaysia


text:
Female tank

The "Female" tank was a variation of the British heavy tank deployed during the First World War. It carried multiple machine guns instead of the mix of machine guns and cannons mounted on the "male" tank. Lieutenant-Colonel Ernest Swinton, who played a part in the development of the first British tank and who was co-creator of the term "tank" (originally a code word), is credited with inventing these gender-related terms, thinking that the best tank tactics would have the two types operating in concert.

The prototype, nicknamed "Mother", and the first production models of what would become referred to as the Mark I were designed to carry two six-pounder guns and three machine-guns. Swinton expressed the fear that tanks armed in such a way might be unable to protect themselves from attacks by large numbers of enemy infantry. In April 1916, it was therefore decided that half of the 150 tanks on order should be fitted with machine guns in place of the six-pounders. A new sponson was designed so that the tank could carry two Vickers machine guns, with their cooling jackets protected by armoured sleeves, on each side of the hull. Swinton's idea was that tanks should operate in pairs: a "destroyer" (Swinton's original proposed name was "Machine Gun Destroyer") and a "consort" or "man-killing" tank, so that the two gave mutual protection. He stated that he then assigned the names "male" and "female" respectively. The designation "male" applied to those armed with six-pounder guns, whereas the "female" was the tank equipped only with machine guns.

A consequence of these designations was that the prototype Mother was considered a "male" tank.

The design of the female sponson allowed only a very small door, which made escape from the vehicle extremely difficult. From the Mark II onwards, a new design was introduced that was smaller, incorporated Lewis or Hotchkiss guns, and allowed for much larger doors.

Both male and female tanks took part in the first tank action, on September 15, 1916, at the Battle of Flers-Courcelette, part of the Somme offensive on September 15, 1916.

In 1918 it was decided that tanks should be "hermaphrodite", simultaneously male and female, carrying both heavy armament and lighter machine guns. For the World War I tanks, this was achieved by fitting them with one sponson of each type. A mixed ability armament of the heavy gun and multiple machine guns also became common practice on turreted designs, without sponsons. This has become the standard model for tank designs since World War I and since then the terms "male" and "female" have been disused.

The basic idea underlying the concept of female tanks was widely used in design of light tanks and the first British infantry tanks in the years leading to World War II. Some armour of the World War II period, such as the German Ferdinand tank destroyer, were exclusively "male", having only their heavy gun. These were found to be susceptible to infantry attack and so a defensive machine gun was added in the improved version, the Elefant.

title: Female tank


text:
Ried im Innkreis

Ried im Innkreis (Central Bavarian: Riad) is a town in the Austrian state of Upper Austria, approximately 70 km west of Linz and 60 km north of Salzburg. It is the capital of the district of Ried im Innkreis, and it serves as the administrative centre for the Innviertel region.

Geography
Ried is situated in a hollow of the Alpine foothills, to the north of the Hausruck Forest (Hausruckwald). The name of the city is derived from the Middle High German "Riet" (also: Rieth, Reet, Rohr, and the like), which denotes the reed which grows along the shores of swamps. Ried im Innkreis is 433 m above sea level. It measures 3.2 km from the North to the South and 3.6 km from the East to the West and it is 6.7 km2 (2.6 sq mi) in area.

Climate
Ried has a humid continental climate, bordering on an oceanic climate.

Town structure
Ried consists of a city core, composed of several spatially separated squares (e.g. Hauptplatz, Stelzhamerplatz, Kirchenplatz, Roßmarkt, Marktplatz, and Hoher Markt), as well as a few other quarters. Most of them have a long history of their own. Others were designed as new development areas and then obtained their own name, but often have no distinct boundaries. In particular, these areas belong to the city core:
 * Bad Ried
 * Hopfenberg
 * Kapuzinerberg
 * Kleinried
 * Kreuzbergsiedlung
 * Lughofergründe
 * Riedberg
 * Schloßberg
 * St. Anna
 * Stöcklgras
 * Wegleiten

Neighbouring municipalities
The following municipalities are adjacent to Ried. They are listed in clockwise direction, starting from the South: Neuhofen im Innkreis, Mehrnbach, Aurolzmünster, Tumeltsham and Hohenzell.

Middle ages
Ried was first mentioned on 13 November 1136, as a castle of the Bavarian sovereign with the seat of the noble house of Ried. Already in 1180, the townsmen of Ried were first mentioned in records, indicating a settlement near the castle.

Legend has it that in 1191, Dietmar der Anhanger - a miller's son - obtained the market town of Ried as a fiefdom from Frederick I. (Barbarossa). Allegedly, Dietmar boosted the morale of the troops during the crusade: When the enemy had overthrown the flag of the army in Iconium, Dietmar took off his boot and put it onto a lance; under that sign, the crusaders took new courage and managed to conquer the city. The peasants' boot of this legend is now part of the city's coat of arms.

The line of the lords of Ried ended around 1200 and the Bavarian dukes took over the area. Ried was situated only one and a half hours by foot from the Austrian border at the Geiersberg, and this vicinity proved again and again to be disastrous to the market town of Ried.

In 1266, the Veste Ried was conquered by Ottokar II. Přemysl, and it was again conquered on 24 September 1364 by Rudolf IV. der Stifter and destroyed.

The First Treaty of Ried, negotiated in 1379, halted these border conflicts for the time being. In 1435, Ried obtained its own coat of arms from Duke Henry XVI of Bavaria.

Modern times
During the Reformation, several reports of ecclesiastic visitations verify the influence of the Reformation. But by 1580, the Counter-Reformation had been completed, which led many to emigrate. During the German Peasants' War, Ried was the asylum and headquarters of the Bavarian war commissioner.

In 1649, a plague epidemic reached the city and took 236 lives.

In the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714) and in the War of the Austrian Succession (1740–1745), the border conflicts between Austria and Bavaria resurfaced. After the War of the Bavarian Succession, the Innviertel - including Ried - was ceded to Austria in the Treaty of Teschen 1779. During the Napoleonic Wars, it was temporarily returned to Bavaria in 1810. Napoleon spent the night in Ried twice and narrowly escaped an assassination attempt on 2 May 1809.

With the Treaty of Ried, Bavaria changed sides on 8 October 1813 and joined the Sixth Coalition against Napoleon. After the Treaty of Munich in 1816, Ried finally became Austrian.

As the largest market town of Austria at that time, Ried was granted its town charter by Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria in 1857. The "Gewerbliche Ausstellungsfest" (Commercial Exhibition Festival), held for the first time in 1867, formed the foundation for Ried's later position as a centre for exhibitions and trade fairs.

Contemporary history
On 12 March 1938 - the day of the annexation of Austria by Nazi Germany - units of the German Wehrmacht marched into Ried; Hitler passed through the city on his way to Linz. At the end of World War II on 3 May 1945, American troops marched in and the city became part of the American occupation area in occupied Austria. The American military administration built a camp for members of the German military taken as prisoners of war. Besides the prisoner of war camp, a Displaced persons camp was also built. This camp was led by a member of the UNRRA and had the number 701A.

Municipal council
Since the local elections in 2003, the municipal council has had 37 members, whose term of office is six years. Since the local elections in 2015, the seats are distributed among the political parties as follows:
 * ÖVP 15
 * SPÖ 7
 * FPÖ 10
 * GRÜNE 4
 * NEOS 1

Mayor
Since 1781, Ried has been governed by a mayor and a municipal council. Since 1997, the mayor has been directly elected by the eligible voters for a term of four years, at the same time as the municipal council. The mayor is the chairman of the council. His deputy is the first councillor, the vice-mayor. Since 1994, the mayor of Ried im Innkreis has been Albert Ortig.

Mayors of Ried since 1899
 * 1899-1912: Hans Winter
 * 1912-1919: Friedrich Thurner
 * 1919-1929: Hans Leitgeb
 * 1929-1938: Rudolf Wilflingseder
 * 1938-1945: Rudolf Pospischek
 * 1945: Wilhelm Soukop
 * 1945-1954: Adolf Matulik
 * 1954-1958: Rudolf Wilflingseder
 * 1958-1967: Adolf Matulik
 * 1967-1979: Franz Fruhstorfer
 * 1979-1991: Günther Hummer
 * 1991-1994: Günther Nagele
 * since 1994: Albert Ortig

Coat of arms and flag
Ried's coat of arms was awarded together with the municipal charter in 1857. The coat of arms is divided into four parts: The upper quarter shows the double eagle and signifies the affiliation to Austria. The lower quarter contains the "Bavarian Wecken" - white-blue rhombuses - and indicates that the town originally belonged to Bavaria.

In the left quarter is the laced boot, which was also on the older coat of arms and refers to the founding legend of the city. The tendrils in the right quarter were also in the original coat of arms and refer to the importance of the city as a centre of brewing.

Twin city
Since 1974, the Bavarian city of Landshut has been the twin city of Ried.

Transport
Railway
 * The city of Ried is a crosspoint of the railway lines from Braunau to Wels and Linz, and from Schärding to Attnang-Puchheim. The line from Vienna to Ried via Linz travels at one-hour intervals.

Highways
 * Via the exits Ried/Tumeltsham and Ried/Haag, the city is connected to the motorway A8. Moreover, Ried is well connected to the federal highway network. There are connections to the East and to the West using the B141 and to the North and to the South via the B143.

Air traffic
 * The international airport of Linz can be reached within 40 minutes by car.

Buses
 * There are several "citybus" lines providing public transportation in the city.

Public facilities
Ried has a tax office, a regional court, and a district court. Furthermore, the district authority is based in the city. Since 1846, Ried has also had a hospital of regional importance.

Educational institutions
The development to a city of schools started with the construction of the high school in 1872. Today the city has two high schools, the Bundes Oberstufenrealgymnasium in the Dr. Thomas Senn-street and the Bundesgymnasium und Bundesrealgymnasium in the Beethovenstraße, three elementary schools, one alternative school (Bildungswerkstatt Schmetterlingsschule und Privatkindergarten), two public secondary schools, one private secondary school (Franziskanerinnen), and one polytechnic institute.

The district capital is the seat of the school authority of the vocational schools (one for commercial skilled trades and the second for mercantile skilled trades), the Federal Commercial Academy, the Federal Commercial School, the College for Occupation in Service Industries Management, and the Higher Technical School for Engineering.

In Ried, there is also a State Music School and the College for Kindergarten Pedagogics with its training kindergarten.

A gymnastics school (Jahnturnhalle) of the Austrian Gymnastics Association (Österreichische Turnerbunde, ÖTB) is also in Ried.

City of trade fairs
Since 1867, Ried has periodically held trade fairs of several days' duration. The significance and popularity of these exhibitions is reflected by the number of visitors. One quarter of the visitors come from Bavaria, but there are also many visitors from the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Slovenia, Italy, Switzerland, and Liechtenstein.

Media
Weekly journals of Ried are the "Rieder Rundschau", the "Tips Ried-Schärding", the (Oberösterreichische Nachrichten, ), and the "Rieder Magazin". Since 2005 the TV channel "Ried TV" broadcasts local reports via an optical fiber network and via the internet.

Local companies
In the industrial sector, Ried is home to the world-famous ski factory, Fischer, FACC (Fischer Advanced Composites Components AG), which builds parts for aeroplanes, Team 7 producing organic furniture, and the company Wintersteiger, a specialist in high-technology plant construction and engineering.

Ried was previously home to two breweries, keeping up the long history of beers in the Innviertel. The Kellerbrauerei was the oldest private brewery in Austria, founded in 1446, but ceased trading in 2013. The Riederbrauerei, founded in 1536, continues to produce beer and soft drinks to this day.

Schwanthaler family
The roots of the Schwanthaler family of sculptors are in Ried. In 1632, Hans Schwabenthaler, later Schwanthaler, came to Ried, and the family's factory was there until 1838. His son, Thomas Schwanthaler, made the high altar and the sculpture of the Group on the Mount of Olives in the town church of Ried. Several sculptures of the family are preserved in many churches of Upper Austria and in the Innviertler Volkskundehaus (folklore museum).

Churches and monasteries

 * Stadtpfarrkirche (town church)
 * Altkatholische Christuskirche (Old Catholic Christ Church)
 * Dreifaltigkeitskirche Riedberg (Trinity Church Riedberg)
 * Kapuzinerkirche (Capuchin Church)
 * Methodistenkirche (Methodist Church)
 * Neuapostolischekirche (New Apostolic Church)
 * Kapuzinerkloster (Capuchin Monastery)
 * Redemptoristinnenkloster (Redemptorist Convent) St. Anna

SV Ried
Since the 1990s, Ried's football (soccer) club, SV Ried, has seen continuous success at the national level. The club won the Austrian Cup in 1998 and 2011, as well as being the runner-up in the Austrian football championships, and it is currently playing its 19th season in the Bundesliga, the Austrian premier league.

Notable residents

 * Anton Zeilinger, born in 1945, physicist: Nobel Laureate in Physics (2022) for work on quantum entanglement, former (2013–2022) president of the Austrian Academy of Sciences. Nicknamed "Mr. Beam".
 * Ernst Kaltenbrunner, born in 1903. Starting in January 1943, director of the SS-Reichssicherheitshauptamt (RSHA) of Nazi Germany; thus chief over the RSHA departments of the Gestapo, Kripo, and the SD (Security Services). He was the highest-ranking leader sentenced to death by the Nuremberg Trials, and executed on 16 October 1946.
 * Hans Schwabenthaler, settled in Ried in 1632, died 1682, sculptor.
 * Thomas Schwanthaler, born in 1634, sculptor.
 * Bonaventura Schwanthaler, born in 1678, sculptor.
 * Hans Blietel, a martyr of the Hutterites and was burnt to death around 1545.
 * Sybil Danning, born on 24 May 1952 in nearby Wels, Hollywood actress. Worked in Ried ages 14–16, as dental assistant to her uncle.
 * Emmy Woitsch, born on 9 June 1894, died in 1981, painter.
 * Daria Karanowicz, born in 1908, musician.
 * Ludwig Pasch, born in 1919, died in 2015, writer and founder of the Innviertler Schulspatzen.
 * Wilhelm Dachauer, born on 5 April 1881, died in 1951, painter.
 * August Humer, born in 1947 died in 2007, organist and harpsichordist.
 * Günter Voglmayr (1968–2012), classical flautist
 * Andreas Goldberger, born on 29 November 1972, former ski jumping world champion.
 * Heribert Reitboeck, born on 22 June 1933, neuroscientist.
 * Manuel Ortlechner, born in 1980, footballer.
 * Samuel Radlinger, born in 1992, footballer.
 * Farid Hafez, born in 1981, political scientist.
 * Patricia Kaiser, born in 1984, former Miss Austria.
 * Horst Felbermayr Sr, born in 1945, died in 2020, businessman and racing driver.

title: Ried im Innkreis


text:
List of Hot Soul Singles number ones of 1979

Billboard published a weekly chart in 1979 ranking the top-performing singles in the United States in soul music and related African American-oriented genres; the chart has undergone various name changes over the decades to reflect the evolution of black music and has been published as Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs since 2005. In 1979, it was published under the title Hot Soul Singles, and 20 different singles reached number one.

In September, Michael Jackson gained his first soul chart-topper as a solo artist with "Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough". The singer had previously achieved several soul number ones with his brothers as the Jackson 5 and had charted sporadically in his own right since 1971, but did not reach the top spot as a soloist until 1979. Jackson would go on to become one of the most successful musicians of all time, selling hundreds of millions of records, and be regarded as one of the greatest ever entertainers. Donna Summer also topped the soul listing for the first time in July with "Bad Girls". Known as the "Queen of Disco", she had previously achieved five chart-toppers on the Disco Action chart. In December, "I Wanna Be Your Lover" gave Prince his first number one, the first major success of a career which would take him to superstar status and see him regarded as one of the most innovative and influential musicians of his generation. Eight other acts reached number one for the first time in their respective careers in 1979: Cheryl Lynn, Chuck Brown & the Soul Searchers, Instant Funk, Sister Sledge, GQ, Peaches & Herb, Anita Ward, and McFadden & Whitehead. Ward's single "Ring My Bell" was an international success, topping the all-genre Hot 100 chart and also reaching number one in the United Kingdom, but she would not be able to replicate its success and is regarded as a one-hit wonder.

Sister Sledge was the only act to have multiple soul number ones during the year, topping the chart with "He's the Greatest Dancer" in March and "We Are Family" in June, but these would prove to be the only chart-toppers for the sibling act. The year's longest-running number one was "Good Times" by Chic, which spent six consecutive weeks in the top spot and was ranked by Billboard as the year's top soul song. The year's final chart-topper was "Do You Love What You Feel" by Rufus and Chaka (Chaka Khan), which reached the top spot in the issue dated December 15 and stayed there for the remainder of the year. Khan had achieved her first solo number one the previous year but continued to record sporadically with the band alongside her ongoing solo career.