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Abbotrule

Abbotrule is a hamlet south of the B6357 road, in the Scottish Borders area of Scotland, on Rule Burn, east of the Rule Water. Places nearby include Bedrule, Hallrule, Spittal-on-Rule, Ruletownhead, Bonchester Bridge, Denholm, Southdean, Hobkirk, Ferniehirst Castle and the Wauchope Forest.

Abbotrule was the property of the church from the 12th-Century to 1560, and thereafter a country estate successively owned by Kerrs, Hendersons and Cunninghams. By 1956, the estate seat, Abbotrule House, had been demolished. Abbotrule was a parish until 1777, when it was divided between two other parishes; the parish church at Abbotrule was deroofed sometime shortly thereafter.

History
The original name of Abbotrule is said to have been Rule Hervie before it became the property of the Church. Prior to 1135 David I of Scotland granted it to the canons of Jedburgh Abbey. About 1165 William the Lion confirmed the grant, and after this the name was changed to Abbotrule. The rectory of Abbotrule appears in Bagimonds Roll of c.1280. Abbotrule continued in the possession of the monks until the Scottish Reformation in 1560, at which time the lands and mill yielded £40 yearly.

After the Reformation the advowson was vested in the Crown, which continued as the ecclesiastical patron until the suppression of the parish in 1777 and its division between Hobkirk and Southdean parishes.

The lands of Abbotford were sold in 1569 as part of a larger transaction by Andrew Home, the commendator of Jedburgh Abbey, to Adam French, eighth laird of Thornydykes, and his wife Marmret Hoppringle, for 3,000 merk. Before 1658, the lands had passed into the possession of the William Kerr, 1st Earl of Lothian, who passed it to his son Charles, thereafter entitled Charles Kerr, first of Abbotrule. Kerrs held Abbotrule until 1818, when the land was auctioned for £35,000 plus the payment of legacies of £21,000, to Robert Henderson. In 1887, the lands passed to a cousin of the last of the Hendersons upon his death, James Cunningham, who commissioned a redesign of Abbotrule House in the period 1888 to 1890, as well as investing in the estate.

Patrick Kerr - 'a stern man, his temper not being of the best' - who inherited Abbotrule in 1791, is said to have taken a dislike to the minister of Abbotrule, and to the proximity of the church and manse to Abbotrule House. He schemed, successfully, to have the parish of Abbotford suppressed, and upon its division in 1777, caused the roof of the church to be removed and the manse demolished. He was not, however, able to prevent the churchyard being used for burials, a practice which continued for another century. The church at Abbotford was said to be in ruins by the 1880s. Abbotrule House, the estate seat, was demolished in 1956.

title: Abbotrule


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Mohinga

Mohinga (, ; also spelt mont hin gar) is the national dish of Myanmar. Mohinga is fish soup made with rice noodles, typically served as a hearty breakfast. It features a rich broth flavored with lemongrass, turmeric, and fish sauce, often garnished with boiled eggs, cilantro, and crispy fritters. Mohinga is readily available in most parts of the country, sold by street hawkers and roadside stalls in larger cities. Mohinga is traditionally eaten for breakfast, but today is eaten at any time of day.

Description and ingredients
The main ingredients of mohinga are gram flour and/or crushed toasted rice, garlic, shallots or onions, lemongrass, ginger, fish paste, fish sauce, and catfish (or other types of fishes, such as Mrigal carp). The ingredients are combined in a rich broth, which is cooked and kept on the boil. Mohinga is served with rice vermicelli, dressed and garnished with fish sauce, a squeeze of lime, crisp fried onions, coriander, spring onions, crushed dried chillis, and, as optional toppings, deep-fried Burmese fritters such as split chickpeas, urad dal, gourd, sliced pieces of youtiao, as well as boiled egg and fried ngapi fish cake. Mohinga is eaten with Chinese soup spoons, which are known as mohinga zun (lit. 'mohinga spoons') in Burmese.

Mohinga is a very common breakfast dish in Myanmar, and available as an "all-day breakfast" in many towns and cities. Mohinga can be served as a formal dish made from scratch as well as from a ready-made powder used for making the broth. Mohinga used to be available only early in the morning and at street pwès (open air stage performances), zat pwès (open air dance performances) or theatres at night. Street hawkers often sell mohinga, with some carrying the soup cauldron on a stove on one side of a shoulder pole, with rice vermicelli and other ingredients, along with bowls and spoons, on the other. Trishaw peddlers began to appear in the 1960s and some of them set up pavement stalls making mohinga available all day.

History and origins
The origins of mohinga are difficult to pinpoint in the absence of extant records. Food processing tools used to ferment rice dating to the Pyu city-states have been discovered, showing that the tradition of making rice vermicelli, the key starch used in mohinga, has a long history. The earliest reference to mohinga dates to the Konbaung dynasty, in the poet U Ponnya's alinga verse poem. Burmese history historian Khin Maung Nyunt has concluded that during pre-colonial times, mohinga was likely a commoner's dish, as a formal recipe for mohinga has not been found in royal records or cookbooks.

During the latter half of Bagyidaw's reign, a poet by the name of U Min wrote about mohinga using the phrase "mont di" (မုန့်တီ). While mont di now commonly refers to another type of rice vermicelli dishes, a small minority continue to use "mont ti" in reference to mohinga. Various regions in the country call mohinga "mont" (မုန့်) or "mont hin" (မုန့်ဟင်း).

Regional varieties
There are different regional varieties of mohinga throughout Myanmar, depending on the availability of ingredients and culinary preferences. For example, Rakhine mohinga has more fish paste and less soup. The most commonly prepared version comes from Lower Myanmar, where fresh fish is more readily available. These varieties of mohinga originate from the Irrawaddy delta, which are often dubbed tawchet mohinga (lit. 'rural style mohinga'). Several well-known mohinga shops in Yangon serve Irrawaddy delta-style mohinga, including Myaungmya Daw Cho and Bogalay Daw Nyo.

Versions of mohinga from the Irrawaddy delta include:

 * Bogale mohinga – cooked in a broth of fish and abundant black pepper,
 * Myaungmya mohinga – cooked with three varieties of fish, namely striped snakehead, walking catfish, and Hamilton's carp,
 * Pyapon mohinga,
 * Pathein mohinga,
 * Yangon mohinga – cooked in a broth of catfish, chickpeas, and peanuts).

Versions of mohinga from the Bago Region include:

 * Hinthada mohinga – cooked with hilsa in lieu of catfish,
 * Madauk mohinga – cooked with pickled shrimp, and served with raw tomatoes,
 * Nyaunglebin and Pyuntaza mohinga – cooked with pickled fish, served with pickled jujube,
 * Taungoo mohinga – served in a thinner broth more akin to a dry noodle salad, with raw tomatoes, chopped green beans, and a side of pickled white jujubes.

Versions of mohinga from Southern and Eastern Myanmar include:

 * Dawei mohinga – similar to conventional mohinga, with black pepper in lieu of paprika,
 * Kayin mohinga – served in one of two broths (sweet or spicy), served with raw tomatoes, bean sprouts, green beans, and mint in lieu of coriander,
 * Mawlamyine mohinga – cooked to a thinner broth consistency with boiled peas, green beans, mint, fish cakes, and jaggery,
 * Mon mohinga – similar to conventional mohinga, cooked without banana stems and rice flour,
 * Thaton mohinga – served with Hamilton's carp, mint, green beans, bean sprouts, tomatoes, and fermented yellow rice cake patties.

In Upper Myanmar, variants of mohinga include:

 * Anya mohinga – mohinga cooked in a broth of chicken, fish, and chickpea flour in lieu of toasted rice flour), which is common to Upper Myanmar towns like Monywa, Wetlet, Shwebo, Kyaukpadaung, and Myingyan,
 * In mohinga – cooked in a broth of catfish and green onions.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Mohinga


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Mays Hill, New South Wales

 Mays Hill  is a suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Mays Hill is located 24 kilometres west of the Sydney central business district, in the local government areas of the Cumberland Council and City of Parramatta, and is part of the Greater Western Sydney region.

Mays Hill has a stop on the T-80 T-Way bus service. It is also served by several CDC NSW bus routes.

History
Originally some of the lands that is now Mays Hill was part of the governor's domain. This was subdivided and Thomas May was one of the purchasers.

Thomas May was a wealthy and influential businessman from Sydney. Although some believe Mays Hill derives its name from him, this is proven to be incorrect. A painting by George Edwards Peacock in 1840 shows the area was already known as Mays Hill, long before Thomas May's association with the Parramatta area began in 1859.

Demographics

 * The most common ancestries were English 13.2%, Australian 11.1%, Chinese 10.4%, Lebanese 9.9% and Indian 9.4%.
 * The most common countries of birth were India 8.8%, China (excludes SARs and Taiwan) 6.6%, Lebanon 4.2%, Afghanistan 3.5% and Sri Lanka 3.2%.
 * Common responses for language included Arabic 8.4%, Mandarin 5.7%, Tamil 4.9%, Gujarati 4.2% and Cantonese 4.1%.
 * The most common religions were Catholic 30.5%, No Religion 13.4%, Hinduism 12.8%, Islam 7.4% and Anglican 7.1%.

Mays Hill Cemetery
Mays Hill Cemetery is one of four historic cemeteries in the City of Parramatta local government area and contains the graves of many well known local pioneering families including the Paytens, Fullagars, Houisons, Downs, Ardills and Mustons. This cemetery was originally known as Western Road Cemetery as it is located on the Great Western Highway.

title: Mays Hill, New South Wales


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Abbots Bickington

Abbots Bickington is a village and civil parish in the English county of Devon, located 7.7 mi north-northeast of Holsworthy and near the River Torridge.

Etymology
The name Bickington is derived from an "estate associated with a man named Beacca" plus the Old English practice of adding "ing" and "tūn" to create a place name. In 1086, it was recorded as Bicatona, in 1107 Bechintona, and in 1580 Abbots Bekenton, to reflect the possession by Hartland Abbey.

Overview
The village is located in the Torridge local authority area. It is within the Church of England's Deanery of Holsworthy and the Diocese of Exeter.

In the late 19th century it was reported that blue limestone was quarried in the village for building construction, and trustees of Mark Rolle were patrons of the church.

Normans
The village was held by Goda the priest in the time of King Edward the Confessor before the Norman Conquest of 1066. The area was part of the Black Torrington Hundred and had 10 households, 8 were smallholders and 2 were slaves. It is recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086–7 as Bichetone, when it was held by Gerald the Chaplain, the tenant-in-chief and lord. He was also associated with two other locations in Devon: Stoke and Shapley.

Hartland Abbey
In the 12th century, the manor was given to Hartland Abbey by Geoffrey de Dinant, as part of the abbey's initial endowment. It remained as property of the abbey until dissolution in 1539. The church was built as a "cell" of the abbey.

Manor
Hugh Prust contracted for a 40-year lease of the manor.

By 1871, Mark Rolle owned most of the 1078 acres of Abbots Bickington and was lord of the manor. At that time, there were 50 people living in 8 households. Rolle paid for the 1868 renovations to the church, including installation of new seats and construction of a new roof.

Church of St James
The village church was built about 1300 of stone rubble and lancet windows. In the 15th century, stained glass were added, featuring St Anthony and St Christopher. There is also a monument to Thomas Pollard in the church.

The chancel and nave, west tower and south transept were all built about the same time. It has the original piscina. Medieval Barnstaple tiles, some with fleur-de-lys pattern, cover the chancel floor. In 1863 and 1868 the church went through processes to reseat and restore the church. The church of St James is described as "an unspoilt example of a small early church, modest in size but with a number of interesting features and very picturesque appearance."

Population and parish governance
The population was 68 in 1801, 61 in 1901, and 35 in 2001. Because of low population, there is no parish council; instead, there is a parish meeting.

Transportation
Abbots Bickington is located north of the A388 road.

title: Abbots Bickington


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Greenbank, Washington

Greenbank is an unincorporated community on Whidbey Island in Island County, Washington, United States.

Greenbank, which was named by Calvin Philips after his homestead in Delaware, has a population around 1626. It is the location of the Greenbank Farm, once the largest loganberry farm in the world, and the Greenbank Store, which was once owned and run by the Coupe family, descendants of Captain Thomas Coupe, founder of Coupeville and is now owned and run by new owners unrelated to the Coupe family. Opening in 1904, Greenbank Store features access to the post office and a small grocery store, as well as other amenities.

Greenbank Farm, once the largest loganberry farm in the country, now has fields of trails and an off-leash dog area. The farm was saved from development when the Port of Coupeville agreed to purchase the 151-acre property and take on a 20-year bond payment in 1997. The purchase was completed in 2017 and continues to be operated by the Port of Coupeville.

Greenbank Farm with its large historic, “Whidbey 1904 Barn” is a popular venue for weddings, social gatherings and seasonal markets. The Shops at Greenbank Farm, independent tenants of the Port of Coupeville, are located here as well.

Behind the barns at the Greenbank Farm is a small marsh with a viewing platform recently built by the Whidbey Audubon Society. Many species of birds can be observed here including Red Wing Black-Birds and Warblers. Several solar projects have been implemented to reduce impact on the environment as well as offer free EV charging for all visitors.

Greenbank is served by State Route 525, on which several places to stay and other businesses are located.

Points of interest

 * Meerkerk Rhododendron Gardens
 * South Whidbey State Park

title: Greenbank, Washington


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Leonhard Tietz

Leonhard Tietz (March 3 1849 - November 14 1914) was a German department store entrepreneur and art collector of Jewish origin.

Biography
Born in Birnbaum an der Warthe, Province of Posen, Prussia (today Międzychód, Poland), Leonhard Tietz was the brother of Oskar Tietz and a founding member of the Tietz Department store dynasty. On 14 August 1879, he opened his first department store in Stralsund, with the idea of selling high-quality products at fixed prices for cash. He was the first to introduce a money-back guarantee. In 1891, a shop was opened in Cologne.

In 1905, his enterprise was transformed into a joint stock company.

Art collector
Tietz owned an art collection which included paintings by Vincent van Gogh and Paul Cézanne. In 1912 he lent a self portrait by van Gogh and a still-life by Cézanne ("Stilleben, Früchte mit Glas und Porsellanschale") to the famous Sonderbund Exhibition in Cologne (Internationale Kunstausstellung des Sonderbundes Westdeutscher Kunstfreunde und Künstler zu Cöln).

Legacy and loss
After Tietz's death, his son Alfred Leonhard Tietz led the Tietz firm. In 1933, the Nazi Party came to power in Germany and Jewish businesses were targeted.

The Nazi policy of racial discrimination and anti-semitic harassment of Jewish-managed firms hurt the Tietzs' department store and other businesses. The business was renamed Westdeutsche Kaufhof AG. In an "Aryanisation" (the obligatory transfer of Jewish businesses to non-Jewish owners), the Tietz family was forced to sell their shares under market value. They fled Nazi Germany. After the Allied victory, they received some compensation estimated at 5 million DM.

Today, the department store chain Galeria Kaufhof is the direct descendant of the tiny shop opened in 1879.

title: Leonhard Tietz


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Menachem Ussishkin

Menachem Ussishkin (Авраам Менахем Мендл Усышкин Avraham Menachem Mendel Ussishkin, מנחם אוסישקין; August 14, 1863 – October 2, 1941) was a Russian-born Zionist leader and head of the Jewish National Fund.

Biography
Menachem Ussishkin was born in Dubrowna in the Belarusian part of the Russian Empire. He received a traditional Jewish education, but when his family moved to Moscow, he learned in secular school. In 1889, he graduated as a technical engineer from Moscow State Technical University, today known as Bauman Moscow State Technical University. Ussishkin was among the founders of the BILU movement and the Moscow branch of the Hovevei Zion. He also joined the Bnei Moshe society founded by Ahad HaAm. In 1891, he made his first trip to Palestine.

Ussishkin served as Secretary of the First Zionist Congress. In 1903, Ussishkin visited Palestine and was not present at the Sixth Zionist Congress where the Uganda plan was presented. Soon after, he became one of the main leaders who strongly opposed this plan, until it was abandoned in the Seventh Zionist Congress in 1905.

He was one of the Jewish delegates to the Paris peace conference after World War I.

In 1919, Ussishkin immigrated to what was in the process of becoming Mandatory Palestine on board the ship Ruslan. In 1920, he was appointed head of the Zionist Commission in Palestine. In his pamphlet "Our Program", he advocated group settlement based on labour Zionism. Under his influence, the Zionist movement actively supported the establishment of agricultural settlements, educational and cultural institutions, and Jewish polytechnic - later the Technion.

In 1923, Ussishkin was elected President of the Jewish National Fund which he headed until his death. Ussishkin was behind major land acquisitions in the Hefer, Jezreel and Beit She'an valleys.

Family
Ussishkin had two children: His daughter, Rachel, married Friedrich Simon Bodenheimer, entomologist and son of Zionist Max Bodenheimer. His son, Samuel, a lawyer, married Elsa Schoenberg. Their son is archaeologist David Ussishkin.

Death and burial
Ussishkin died in 1941 in Jerusalem at the age of 78. He is buried in Nicanor's Cave at the botanical gardens of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem on Mount Scopus.

The "Ussishkin Fortresses"

 * This section may be expanded using the corresponding article in Hebrew (March 2024)

A group of villages in northern Israel, including Dan, Dafna, She'ar Yashuv and Beit Hillel, were collectively named the "Ussishkin Fortresses".

Commemoration
Ussishkin's name is commemorated in many places in Israel. Kibbutz Kfar Menahem is named after him.

On his 70th birthday, the Rehavia neighborhood council decided to change the name of the street in which he lived, Rechov Keren Kayemet Le'Israel (Jewish National Fund) to Rechov Ussishkin, and move Rechov Keren Kayamet Le'Israel to its present location.

Following Ussishkin's death, many streets and schools in Israel were named after him, as is the largest auditorium at the International Convention Center in Jerusalem.

title: Menachem Ussishkin


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Abbots Deuglie

Abbots Deuglie is a hamlet in Perth and Kinross, Scotland. It is located in the Ochil Hills, in Arngask parish, about 1 mi west of Glenfarg. Glenfarg Reservoir lies just to the west of the village, and was built in 1912.

The site is noted for two Neolithic sites, Abbots Deuglie stone circle, which is now virtually unrecognisable as an archaeological site due to the removal of the stones from it, and a single standing stone at West Blair, 700 m south of the village.

title: Abbots Deuglie


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Index to tables of contents of Reader's Digest

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was speedy delete. Rob Church Talk 00:36, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

Index to tables of contents of Reader's Digest
I believe that the Reader's Digests tables of contents would be a series of massive copyright violations, but also note that Wikipedia is not an indiscriminate collection of information. -- Ricky81682 (talk) 07:25, August 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as above. --Carnildo 07:46, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nominator. KissL 10:51, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 *  Delete - DavidWBrooks 11:08, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 *  Delete Copyvios DV8 2XL 12:07, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete I do not believe that Tables of Contents would constitute copyvios. This is more an issue of Wikipedia is not an indiscriminate collection of information.  Roodog2k 16:07, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * delete ne --TimPope 17:37, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Norman Cliff

Norman Cliff (born September 1, 1930) is an American psychologist. He received his Ph.D. from Princeton in psychometrics in 1957. After research positions in the US Public Health Service and at Educational Testing Service he joined the University of Southern California in 1962. He has had a number of research interests, including quantification of cognitive processes, scaling and measurement theory, computer-interactive psychological measurement, multivariate statistics, and ordinal methods. One of his major contributions to psychometrics was the method for rotation of canonical components. Asserting that much of psychological data have only ordinal justification, Cliff also published various papers and a book on ordinal methods for research. On the one hand this included extensions to the established ordinal methods for correlating data (i.e. Kendall's tau, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient). However, on the other hand, Cliff also suggested that there are viable and robust ordinal alternatives to mean comparisons. He introduced a measure of proportional difference (or dominance) between two sets of data often referred to as Cliff's delta. He has been president of the Psychometric Society and of the Society for Multivariate Experimental Psychology. Now an Emeritus Professor, he lives in New Mexico.

title: Norman Cliff


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Buly Arena Kravaře

Buly Arena is an ice hockey arena in Kravaře in the Czech Republic. The stadium was opened in 2003. It has a capacity of 640 seats and was built for the training of teams, including the Czech national ice hockey team.

Buly Arena is also a sport and relaxation centre. It offers a tennis hall, outdoor tennis courts and football pitch.

There are plans to build an aquapark next to Buly Arena and the whole complex is owned by city Kravaře.

title: Buly Arena Kravaře


text:
User talk:222179

blablabla

title: User talk:222179


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Abbots Langley

Abbots Langley is a large village and civil parish in the English county of Hertfordshire. It is an old settlement and is mentioned (under the name of Langelai) in the Domesday Book. Economically the village is closely linked to Watford and was formerly part of the Watford Rural District. Since 1974 it has been included in the Three Rivers district.

History
This village has had a long history of human habitation. The first traces of human habitation in the area were recorded by archaeologist Sir John Evans (1823–1908). The village sits on a saucer of clay covered by a layer of gravel, and as a result water supply has never been a problem; records show that in earlier times water could be drawn from a well just 20 ft deep.

In 1045 the Saxon thegn Ethelwine "the Black" granted the upper part of Langlai to St Albans Abbey as Langlai Abbatis (Latin for Langlai of the Abbot, hence "Abbot's Langley") the remainder being the king's Langlai. By the time of the Domesday Book in 1086 the village was inhabited by 19 families.

The area was split into four manors: Abbots Langley, Langleybury, Chambersbury, and Hyde. In 1539, Henry VIII seized Abbots Langley and sold it to his military engineer Sir Richard Lee. The Manor of Abbots Langley was bequeathed by Francis Combe in his will of 1641 jointly to Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge and Trinity College, Oxford. The manors of Langleybury and Chambersbury passed through the family of William Ibgrave, the king's embroider, and the Child family, and in 1711 were conveyed to Sir Robert Raymond then Solicitor General later Attorney General and Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench. On the death of his son without issue in 1756 the manors passed to the Filmer family. The Manor of Hyde passed to Edward Strong in 1714, through his daughter to Sir John Strange, who left the manor to be shared between his children and their descendants (including Admiral Sir George Strong Nares) and then to the possession of F.M. Nares & Co which sold the estate to the British Land Company in 1858.

On Tibbs Hill Road there is a well-preserved example of a Prince Albert's Model Cottage. The original design and construction was for the Great Exhibition of 1851, to demonstrate model housing for the poor. Subsequently, the design was replicated in several other locations, including Abbots Langley.

Kitters Green developed as a separate hamlet by Manor House. The land between Kitters Green and Abbots Langley was bought from the estate of Sarah Smith by the British Land Company in 1866. It laid out plots for development along Adrian, Breakspear, Garden and Popes roads. The development of these plots led to the merger of the two settlements and the loss of Kitters Green's separate identity.

The West Coast Main Line railway passes through the western edge of the parish, where it crosses Abbots Langley railway bridge, a skewed brick arch, and Nash Mills railway bridge, originally built in cast iron but strengthened in the 1960s by encasing it in concrete. Both bridges are original features from the London and Birmingham Railway. They date from 1837 and are both Grade II listed buildings.

Sport
Abbots Langley Cricket Club and Langleybury Cricket Club are both based in the village. There are a number of football clubs, including Abbots Langley F.C., Ecocall F.C., Evergreen, Everett Rovers, and Bedmond F.C.

People

 * Manuel Almunia (born 1977), former professional footballer.
 * Nick Blinko (born 1961), artist and singer/songwriter/guitarist of Rudimentary Peni.
 * Pope Adrian IV (–1159), born in Abbots Langley as Nicholas Breakspear.
 * James Cecil, 1st Marquess of Salisbury (1748–1823) probably lived at Cecil Lodge 1760s–80.
 * Violet Cressy-Marcks (1895–1970), explorer and journalist, lived at Hazelwood (now Hunton Park) 1930–70.
 * David Crighton, (1942–2000), mathematician, educated at Abbots Langley primary school.
 * Joan Evans (art historian) (1893–1977), historian of mediaeval art.
 * John Evans (archaeologist) (1823–1908), archaeologist and geologist, married and buried, St Lawrence Church, Abbots Langley.
 * Elizabeth Greenhill, (1615–1679), mother of 37 single births and one set of twins.
 * Thomas Greenhill (1669–1740), surgeon to Henry Howard, 7th Duke of Norfolk and 39th and last child of Elizabeth Greenhill.
 * Michael Gregsten (1924–1961), physicist at the Road Research Laboratory, victim of James Hanratty in the 1961 "A6 murder" for whose death he hanged.
 * Ollie Halsall (1949–1992), influential rock/jazz guitarist and vibraphone player, lived here and recorded an album titled "Abbot's Langley" in 1980.
 * Robert Kindersley, 1st Baron Kindersley (1871–1954), businessman, stockbroker, merchant banker, and public servant, lived at Langley House 1906–23.
 * Hugh Kindersley, 2nd Baron Kindersley (1899–1976)
 * Joe Lane (1892–1959), former professional footballer.
 * Marghanita Laski (1915–88), journalist and novelist, lived at Abbots House 1937–45.
 * Eryl McNally, former Labour MEP.
 * Henry Montagu, 6th Baron Rokeby (1798–1883), soldier, lived at Hazelwood 1838–86.
 * James Vincent Murphy, (1880–1946), propagandist for Hitler that translated Mein Kampf while resident in Abbots Langley
 * Robert Raymond, 1st Baron Raymond (1673–1733), politician and judge, lived at Langleybury 1711–33.
 * Haile Selassie (1892–1975), spent the early part of his exile from Ethiopia at Hazelwood.
 * Edward Skoyles (1923–2008) researcher and quantity surveyor.
 * William Henry Smith (politician) (1825–91), member of the W H Smith station newsagent and bookselling family, lived at Cecil Lodge 1864–70.
 * George Turnbull (1809–1878), civil engineer (the  "first railway engineer of India"), retired to Rosehill, Abbots Langley.
 * Bradley Walsh (born 1960), entertainer lived in Breakspear Road.
 * Mark Walsh (born 1965), professional darts player within the Professional Darts Corporation.
 * Nicky Stevens (born 1951), singer with The Brotherhood of Man, lived in Abbots Road.
 * Tom Hardy (born 1954), disc-jockey with Radio Caroline in the late 1970s, lived in Parsonage Close.
 * Liz Kendall (born 1971), Labour MP, lived in Langley Road
 * Judy Grinham (born 1939), former British competitive swimmer, Olympic gold medallist, and former world record-holder lives in The Crescent.
 * KSI (born 1993), rapper, actor, boxer and YouTube personality.

title: Abbots Langley


text:
Talk:Leonhard Tietz

Untitled

 * Corresponding English-language article: Leonhard Tietz
 * Worth doing because: no aticle
 * Originally Requested by: --Sheynhertzגעשׁ״ך 01:31, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Status: done; Lectonar 07:28, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Other notes:
 * Supported:

title: Talk:Leonhard Tietz


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Abbots Morton

Abbots Morton is a village and civil parish in the English county of Worcestershire. It consists of approximately 70 dwellings and 250 people. It retains 4 mixed working farms within the village boundaries. The village was the country retreat for the Abbots of Evesham Abbey and the moat that surrounded their house is still visible. The village church is dedicated to St Peter and is over 1000 years old.

The hamlet of Morton Spirt lies east of the village.

History
Abbots Morton was listed as Mortune in the Domesday Book of 1086.

The most northerly of the four parishes in the benefice, the parish of Abbots Morton incorporates the hamlets of Morton Spirt, The Low and Gooms Hill as well as the village of Abbots Morton itself. The parish contains approximately 70 homes. Many of the houses in the village are half-timbered black and white buildings dating from the 17th and 18th centuries; three have 15th century origins.

8th - 16th century: Evesham Abbey and Morton Abbatis
The Domesday Book of 1086 lists Abbots Morton as "Mortune", assessed at 5 hides and belonging to Evesham Abbey, but the settlement is believed to have been established several hundred years earlier.

Before the Dissolution of the Monasteries in the 16th century, Abbots Morton used to be a country retreat for the abbots of Evesham; the remains of their moated manor house can still be seen near the church. The site of the manor house was acquired by Evesham Abbey in the 8th century, and a building existed on the site before the Norman conquest. Abbots Morton (Morton Abbatis) was one of the parishes entangled in the dispute between Evesham Abbey and the Bishops of Worcester: both parties claimed control over the churches in the Vale of Evesham and the surrounding area. After 200 years, the dispute was settled in the middle of the 13th century when the abbey was given jurisdiction over all the churches within the Vale apart from one: Abbots Morton.

16th-17th century: the Hoby and Kighley families
After the Dissolution, Abbots Morton passed into the hands of the Hoby [Hobby] family, who acquired many of the properties originally belonging to Evesham Abbey. In 1600 ownership of the manor appears to have been disputed: documents held at the Worcestershire Records Office include "Letters Patent of Elizabeth I being a licence for alienation from Richard Hobby [Hoby], esquire, to Richard Mottershed, gent., and Ralph Hodges of the manors of Badsey and Abbots Morton" while the Records of the Kings Remembrancer in the National Archives show "Philip Kighley of Broadway, gentleman to Thomas Edgeok of Broadway, gentleman: Demise, indented, for 3 years, of the manors of Badsey and Abbots Morton,". Philip Kighley had married Elizabeth Hoby, Richard's daughter, in 1597. It is presumed that the manor of Abbots Morton then passed into the hands of the Kighley family. After Philip's death at the beginning of the 17th century, Elizabeth married Charles Ketilby who sold the manor a few years later.

18th century: the Throckmorton family of Coughton Court
By the beginning of the 18th century, much of the land around Abbots Morton appears to have been acquired by the Throckmorton family of Coughton Court. Papers deposited in the Shakespeare Centre Library and Archive record 500-year leases of "rights of common" granted on lands of Sir Robert Throckmorton; and a century later John Throckmorton was disputing the tithes of Abbots Morton.

19th century
In 1870–72, John Marius Wilson's Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales described Abbots Morton like this: ABBOTS-MORTON, a parish in the district of Alcester and county of Worcester; 6 miles N by E of Fladbury r. station, and 7 WSW of Alcester. It has a post office under Bromsgrove. Acres, 1,420. Real property, £2,091. Pop. 245. Houses, 57. The property is all in one estate. The living is a rectory in the diocese of Worcester. Value, £146. Patron, G. J. A. Walker, Esq. The church is good.

20th Century
The church houses the WW1 war memorial to the village's only casualty of the conflict, Private Philip Collins, who served with the local Worcestershire Regiment in Mesopotamia. However it is known that Private 19934 Cecil Roy Pulham of the Machine Gun Corps was born in Abbots Morton in Oct 1895 but moved away and by 1901 was living in Arrow. He was kiiled in action on 21 Mar 1918 in France. There were no local losses during the second world war.

For the early part of the century Abbots Morton became known as Muddy Morton due to the poor roads and properties falling into disrepair. By the 1970s things started to change, properties began to transfer into individual ownership and were renovated rather than pulled down, this led the local council to call the village its "Golden Gem" and making most of the village a conservation area. The village hall was rebuilt in 1998.

St Peter's Church
The parish church, dedicated to St Peter, stands on the site of a Saxon church. The current Grade I-listed building is the result of rebuilding and alterations performed since the 12th century. The list of Rectors of Abbots Morton stretches back to Petrus le Meare in 1288. The oldest part of the church is the north wall which dates from the 12th century, and is now supported by a modern buttress. The chancel was rebuilt in the 14th century, with the east window being added later in the same century. The Lady Chapel on the north side of the church, now used for the organ and choir, was added at about the same time.

The south doorway, now the only entrance to the church, was constructed during the 15th century, and two pews from this period are incorporated into the porch. A second doorway, now blocked-up, can be seen in the north wall; this may have been used by the monks from the abbots' retreat to the north of the church. The exposed roof beams, many of them roughly-shaped branches rather than carefully cut timber, have also been dated to the 15th century. In 1955 the residents of the parish raised over £1,300 (worth more than £25,000 today) to preserve the beams.

The tower was built in the late 14th century. The oldest bell, the tenor, dates from the 15th century and may have been hung soon after the tower was completed. It is one of the few remaining "Royal Head" bells, where the stops between the words of the inscription "Virgenis Egregie Vocor Campana Maria" represent the heads of Edward III and Queen Philippa. The 2nd bell is dated 1633, while the 3rd and treble bells were cast by Thomas Mears of London in 1842.

title: Abbots Morton


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Category:Concurrent computing

For Cloud, Cluster, or Grid computing categories click their name here or go to subcategory Distributed computing.

title: Category:Concurrent computing


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Talk:Alexander II Zabinas

Untitled
I thought Zabinas claimed to be the son of Alexander Balas... john k 07:29, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

Sources for future article expansion
These "sources" were currently completely uncited by the running text of the article: Kindly restore them as they are used to expand and verify points in the text. — Llywelyn II   10:55, 28 October 2018 (UTC)
 * I have added those sources when I was doing a preliminary research with the intention to re-write the article. Now, seven month later, Im done. I noticed that you formatted the name of the king to match article title. However, the title is following the most common usage, but the king was not named Alexander II Zabinas. He had a regnal name, and in other pages about Hellenestic kings, the regnal name is given prominance, and the surname is mentioned later. Example: Demetrius III Eucaerus or Ptolemy VIII Physcon.--Attar-Aram syria (talk) 19:49, 30 April 2019 (UTC)

King of Syria
Just now, the titling of this figure as king of the Seleucid empire was reverted with the comment "nope... empire was gone after the defeat of Antiochus VII." I don't think this is justified - none of the ancient sources refer to the loss of Mesopotamia as leading to any change in the name of the kingdom (or rather any change in its namelessness). Works like Houghton & Lorber's Seleucid Coins, Chrubasik's Kings and Usurpers in the Seleucid Empire, and Kosmin's Land of the Elephant Kings call it the 'Seleucid Empire'/'Seleucid kingdom'/'Seleucids' throughout. Switching to 'King of Syria' in 126 BC seems idiosyncratic. Furius (talk) 22:36, 6 November 2019 (UTC)
 * As you said, nameless officially as no king associated himself with a geographical region on coins. However, even during the days of the Seleucids, the realm was called kingdom of Syria in the writings of contemporary historians such as Polybius. "Seleucid empire" sounds appropriate when it was an empire, but when it shrank to include only the region of Syria (ancient one not the much smaller modern republic), then the ancient contemporary designation is not idiosyncratic. Kosmin make that clear in page 112, and provide evidence that it was not only foreign contemporary historians who used the title king of Syria, but maybe Alexander II himself (or Alexander I): this is known from the inscription of Antigonus (Seleucid admiral).--Attar-Aram syria (talk) 23:25, 6 November 2019 (UTC)
 * Kosmin mentions that as part of his argument that the Seleucids saw themselves as 'kings of Syria' from the reign of Antiochus I onwards. Polybius refers to Demetrius I as having been κύριος γενόμενος ἔτη δώδεκα τῆς ἐν Συρίᾳ βασιλείας (3.5.3). It isn't the use of the term that I'm objecting to (I think it's fairly frequent in scholarship), it's the switch from the one term to the other that bothers me. I don't think that's normal in scholarship. Furius (talk) 00:21, 7 November 2019 (UTC)
 * So your objection is titling these king "Seleucid king" before 129 BC, and "king of syria" after it? I dont think we have a switch, but Im sure that there will be objections if the title king of syria will be added to the article of Antiochus II for example. However, after the empire shrank to Syria, using the "king of Syria", which seems to be an official title, is more benefical for the readers of an encyclopaedia who should get accurate information, specially if the inscription of Antigonous is referring to Alexander II himself. In scholarship we use Selecucid king, or Seleucid kingdom, as well as Syrian king, and in the infobox both king of Syria and Seleucid empire are mentioned [King of Syria (Seleucid Empire)], which seems more accurate than this: [Basileus of the Seleucid Empire (King of Syria)]. I dont really see the problem, as its not a switch, but a reflection of a historical reality (at least thats what classical sources indicate)? Adding the title king of Syria to articles of earlier king is more accurate than inventing a title that wont be found in any Selecuid evidence... I just did not add it to the article of Antiochus III for example so I dont have to engage in long discussions, since some users will say that a king of an empire stretching to India shouldnt be named king of Syria.--Attar-Aram syria (talk) 00:39, 7 November 2019 (UTC)
 * Yes, I suppose this is fair enough. Furius (talk) 16:22, 7 November 2019 (UTC)

Pretender
The lede says:

 * most ancient historians and the modern academic consensus maintain he was a pretender

It's using the word "pretender" as though it means "somebody who doesn't deserve the throne he has". But the pretender article defines the term as "somebody who claims a throne he doesn't have, whether he deserves it or not".

The key difference here is that calling somebody a "pretender" implies he doesn't have the throne. That's clearly not what we mean to be saying.

I'm no expert, but it seems it can't be both. Either the lede here should be changed, or the pretender article should be massively rewritten. TypoBoy (talk) 14:16, 19 January 2021 (UTC)

Yes, I wondered about that myself, is that the best way of putting it? PatGallacher (talk) 00:08, 20 January 2021 (UTC)
 * Guess the pretender article needs to be revised. From the Cambridge Dictionary: a person who states they have a right to the high position that someone else has, although other people disagree with this. From the Oxford Dictionary: a person who claims they have a right to a particular title even though other people disagree with them. Alexander was a pretender against Demetrius II whose legitimate successors were his sons, against whom Alexander II fought. If Alexander II managed to get rid of Antiochus VIII, he would have became the uncontested king.--Attar-Aram syria (talk) 00:22, 20 January 2021 (UTC)
 * The OED definition is "A person who claims or aspires to a title or position, esp. a claimant to a throne (often when considered to have no just title); (with the and capital initial) James Stuart, son of James II." All the example quotations that the OED gives are of people who never actually held power. Alexander II wasn't "claiming" or "aspiring", he ruled over most of the kingdom and was acknowledged as ruler by foreign powers. I'd agree that the consensus among historians is that Alexander II was not really a Seleucid, it's not true that they would agree he was a pretender. "Uncontested king" isn't a real standard, since there were barely any of those in the late Seleucid period. Furius (talk) 21:49, 20 January 2021 (UTC)
 * I'd support rephrasing the lead to something like "most ancient historians and the modern academic consensus agree that his claim to be a Seleucid ... was false."
 * done. TypoBoy (talk) 18:32, 21 January 2021 (UTC)
 * Is this still the case, though? It seems like the majority of historians who have written about Alexander II regard his parentage as questionable, rather than false, oweing to the pervasive and highly successful propaganda of Demetrios II that continued under the rule of Antiochos VIII.  Sorry for resurrecting this, lol. Nausinikos (talk) 15:38, 26 April 2022 (UTC)
 * Do you have the sources at hand? We're currently citing Ehling 1995 on this point. Furius (talk) 18:51, 26 April 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Alexander II Zabinas


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Gottfried Michael Koenig

Gottfried Michael Koenig (5 October 1926 – 30 December 2021) was a German-Dutch composer.

Biography
Born in Magdeburg, Koenig studied church music in Braunschweig at the, composition, piano, analysis and acoustics at the Hochschule für Musik Detmold, music representation techniques at the Hochschule für Musik Köln and computer technique at the University of Bonn. He attended and later lectured at the Darmstädter Ferienkurse (Darmstadt music summer schools). From 1954 to 1964 Koenig worked in the electronic studio of West German Radio (WDR) producing his electronic compositions Klangfiguren, Essay and Terminus 1 and wrote orchestral and chamber music. Furthermore, he assisted other composers, including Mauricio Kagel, Franco Evangelisti, György Ligeti (Artikulation), Herbert Brün and Karlheinz Stockhausen (with the realization of Gesang der Jünglinge and Kontakte).

From 1961 to 1965 Koenig taught at the Gaudeamus Foundation in Bilthoven, and from 1962 to 1964 at the Hochschule für Musik Köln. In 1964 Koenig moved to the Netherlands, where he taught at Utrecht University and was, until 1986, director and later chairman of the electronic music studio, which became the Institute of Sonology. Here he developed his computer composition programs Project 1 (1964) and Project 2 (1966), designed to formalise the composition of musical structure-variants. Both programs had a significant impact on the further development of algorithmic composition systems. Among his notable students are Jorge Antunes, Mario Bertoncini, Konrad Boehmer, Karl Gottfried Brunotte, Miguel Ángel Coria, Johannes Fritsch, Annea Lockwood, Luca Lombardi, Tomás Marco, Pierre Mariétan, Zoltán Pongrácz, Kees van Prooijen, Atli Heimir Sveinsson, Claude Vivier and Jan Vriend.

His sound synthesis program SSP (started 1971) is based on the representation of sound as a sequence of amplitudes in time. It makes use of the methods of aleatoric and groupwise selection of elements employed in Project 1 and Project 2. He continued to produce electronic works (Terminus 2, the Funktionen series). These were followed by the application of his computer programs, resulting in chamber music (Übung for piano, the Segmente series, 3 ASKO Pieces, String Quartet 1987, String Trio) and works for orchestra (Beitrag, Concerti e Corali).

Six volumes of his theoretical writings were published between 1991 and 2008 under the title Ästhetische Praxis by Pfau Verlag; an Italian selection appeared under the title Genesi e forma (Rome: Semar, 1995), an English one under the title Process and Form (Hofheim: Wolke, 2018). Koenig taught Algorithmic Composition in 2002/03 at the Technical University of Berlin. His works Terminus 2 and Funktion Grün were selected by the British magazine The Wire in 1998 for its list of.

title: Gottfried Michael Koenig


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Maroubra Junction, New South Wales

Maroubra Junction is an unbounded locality of the suburb of Maroubra in Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is around the junction of Anzac Parade and Maroubra Road. Pacific Square is the major shopping complex in the area.

Maroubra Junction derives its name from the location of the former electric tramways junction for services to Maroubra Beach and La Perouse, which closed in 1961.

title: Maroubra Junction, New South Wales


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Abbots Ripton

Abbots Ripton is a village and civil parish in Cambridgeshire, England. Abbots Ripton is situated within Huntingdonshire which is a non-metropolitan district of Cambridgeshire as well as being an historic county of England. Abbots Ripton lies approximately 4 mi north of Huntingdon on the B1090.

The parish occupied some 4191 acre of land in 1801, which had reduced to 4080 acre by 2011. The parish of Abbots Ripton is home to 305 residents (2011 census). The village is also notable as the location of the Abbots Ripton railway disaster in 1876 in which a Flying Scotsman train was wrecked during a blizzard. The disaster led to important safety improvements in railway signalling.

The civil parish includes the nearby hamlet of Wennington, which lies one mile north of Abbots Ripton. Wennington has a population of about 60 people.

History
Abbots Ripton was listed in the Domesday Book of 1086 in the Hundred of Hurstingstone in Huntingdonshire; the name of the settlement was written as Riptune. In 1086 there was just one manor at Abbots Ripton; the annual rent paid to the lord of the manor in 1066 had been £8 and the rent was the same in 1086. The survey records that there were 14 ploughlands at Abbots Ripton in 1086 and that there was the capacity for a further two. In addition to the arable land, there was 16 acre of meadows and 3784 acre of woodland at Abbots Ripton. By 1086 there was already a church and a priest at Abbots Ripton.

In 1870–72, John Marius Wilson described Abbots Ripton as follows:

"RIPTON-ABBOTS, a parish, with a village, and with Wennington hamlet, in the district and county of Huntingdon; near the Great Northern railway, 4 miles N of Huntingdon. Post-town, Huntingdon. Acres, 3,956. Real property, £4,680. Pop., 381. Houses, 73. The property is divided among a few. The manor belonged to Ramsey abbey, passed to the St. Johns, and belongs now to E. Fellows and B. Rooper, Esqs. R. Hall is the seat of Mr. Rooper. The living is a rectory in the diocese of Ely. Value, £630.* Patron, the Rev. P. P. Rooper. The church is ancient, and was restored in 1858. There is a national school."Abbots Ripton was the location for a small Royal Observer Corps Bunker, it was located near to RAF Alconbury. It closed in 1968 and was demolished.

The origins and history of the name
Abbots Ripton ends in ton which usually indicates a Saxon origin. The origin of the place-name is from the Old English words rip (a strip of land) and tun (homestead or farm). Its name has appeared in various guises throughout its history; it was recorded as Riptone in the 10th century and Riptune in 1086. It was during the 12th and 13th century that the Abbot part came into the name; it was then owned by the Abbot of Ramsey, and it was most probably just to distinguish it from Kings Ripton which was under royal ownership. During this period it was also known by the names of Magna Riptona, Ryptone and finally Riptone Abbatis. After the Reformation the crown sold it to the St John family and for a time it was called St John's Ripton before it became known by the name we know it today.

Government
For Abbots Ripton the highest tier of local government is Cambridgeshire County Council. Abbots Ripton is a part of the electoral division of Upwood and The Raveleys and is represented on the county council by one councillor. The second tier of local government is Huntingdonshire District Council, a non-metropolitan district of Cambridgeshire. Abbots Ripton is a part of the district ward of Upwood and The Raveleys and is represented on the district council by one councillor. As a civil parish, Abbots Ripton has a parish council. which consists of six members.

Abbots Ripton was in the historic and administrative county of Huntingdonshire until 1965. From 1965, the village was part of the new administrative county of Huntingdon and Peterborough. Then in 1974, following the Local Government Act 1972, Abbots Ripton became a part of the county of Cambridgeshire.

At Westminster, Abbots Ripton is in the parliamentary constituency of North West Cambridgeshire, and has been represented in the House of Commons since 2005 by Shailesh Vara (Conservative).

Geography
The village of Abbots Ripton lies on the B1090, a minor road that runs from St Ives to the south-east to a junction with the B1043, north-west of the parish, close to the A1(M) motorway and just south of Sawtry.

Abbots Ripton is situated 4 mi north of Huntingdon, 17 mi north-west of Cambridge and 60 mi north of London. In 1801 the parish covered an area of 4191 acre, but by 2011 this had been reduced to 4080 acre.

The village lies at around 29 m above sea level; the parish as a whole is almost flat, lying between 25 m and 45 m above sea level, with the lowest area in the south-east of the parish. Around 2 mi north of the parish the land slopes down close to sea-level and The Fens start.

The northern half of the parish contains a number of wooded areas, including Wennington Wood, Holland Wood, and Hill Wood. The land in the rest of the parish is used for arable farming, mainly wheat, barley and beans.

The East Coast Main Line that runs from London to Edinburgh forms part of the western boundary of the parish and then crosses the parish to the north. The village of Abbots Ripton lies 0.5 mi to the east of the railway.

Geology
In common with much of south-east England, the parish lies on a bedrock of Oxford Clay Formation mudstone which is a blue-grey or olive coloured clay that was formed between 156 and 165 million years ago in the Jurassic Period.

Above this bedrock are superficial deposits characterised as Oadby Member Diamicton, that has formed within the last two million years during Ice Age conditions by glaciers scouring the land. Close to the streams the superficial deposits are of loose soil or sediments called alluvium that have formed during the last 12,000 years. To the north-east of Wennington, there are sand and gravel deposits formed by glacio-fluvial processes in the mid-Pleistocene period.

The soil is classified as lime-rich loamy and clayey, which has impeded drainage and is high in natural fertility; it is suitable primarily for arable farming with some grassland. In 1891 a bore hole was made at Abbots Ripton Hall (52.384°N, -0.18°W) and drilled to a depth of 209 ft showing that there was 7 ft of clay, loam and gravel on top of 153 ft of Oxford Clay.

Population
In the period 1801 to 1901 the population of Abbots Ripton was recorded every ten years by the UK census. During this time the population was in the range of 326 (the lowest in 1811) and 408 (the highest in 1871).

From 1901, a census was taken every ten years with the exception of 1941 (due to the Second World War).

All population census figures from report Historic Census figures Cambridgeshire to 2011 by Cambridgeshire Insight.

In 2011, the parish covered an area of 4080 acre and so the population density for Abbots Ripton in 2011 was 47. 9 persons per square mile (18. 5 per square kilometre).

Education
There is a Church of England primary school in Abbots Ripton for children between the ages of four and eleven years old. The school building was designed by Peter Foster who was the Surveyor of Westminster Abbey. The Ofsted report from June 2015 gave the school an overall effectiveness rating of Good. The school has places for 120 pupils but in 2015 there were only 91 pupils on the school roll.

Religious sites
The village's parish church is dedicated to St Andrew and is a Grade I listed building. The church consists of a chancel, north chapel, nave, north aisle, south aisle, west tower and south porch. There was a church here in 1086, but there is no evidence of it in the present building which was built in the early part of the 13th century. It was dedicated by the Bishop of Lincoln in 1242.

The chancel was rebuilt at the start of the 16th century, a north chapel was added and the present tower was constructed. The tower houses three bells, the oldest dating from around 1400 and there is a clock on the south face of the second stage of the tower; the clock was given in remembrance of Rev Plumer Pott Rooper by his brothers and sisters. Restoration of the church took place in the second half of the 19th century.

Abbots Ripton Hall
The village is home to the 18th century Abbots Ripton Hall which now has an estate totalling 5700 acre, larger than Abbots Ripton itself. Abbots Ripton Hall is a Grade II listed building that was built on the site of the old manor house. During World War II, Abbots Ripton Hall was used as a hospital.

The gardens and parkland cover 8 acre and there is an ornamental lake of 10 acre. The grounds contain some quite rare trees including – quite unusual in England – a good collection of elm trees which are injected every year to prevent Dutch elm disease.

Abbots Ripton Hall belonged in the 1800s to the Rooper family. John Bonfoy Rooper was MP for Huntingdonshire from 1831 to 1837 and High Sheriff of Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire. It is now the seat of John Fellowes, 4th Lord De Ramsey.

Scheduled Monuments
There is a bowl barrow about 1 mi south-east of the village which is a scheduled ancient monument. The one at Abbots Ripton is 19 m in diameter, 1–1.5 m high with signs of a ditch 4 m wide to the north and west. According to the English Heritage Listing, it is exceptionally well preserved and it has not been excavated.

There is a moated site in a small wood at Bellamy's Grove, 1 mi south of Abbot's Ripton. The moat island is between 90 m and 100 m east to west, and between 70 m and 90 m north to south. Some signs still remain of the inner and outer banks of the moat. Within the island itself are two small rectangular fishponds. The date when the moated island was constructed is not known, but it may well have been around the 12th century, when the inclusion of fishponds within a moated island was at its most popular. According to the English Heritage Listing, the moated site at Bellamy's Grove is one of the best preserved of its kind in the region.

Culture and community
The village hall was also designed by Peter Foster, Surveyor of Westminster Abbey; it was built in 1988 and opened by John Major. Abbots Ripton has a shop, garage, and a post office. In 2010 the only Public House in the village, The Three Horseshoes, was severely damaged by a fire. The Grade II Listed 17th century building was re-built and re-opened as the Abbot's Elm in 2012.

Since its inception in 2004, the Secret Garden Party summer music festival has been held annually at a rural location near the village.

title: Abbots Ripton


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Maroubra, New South Wales

Maroubra  is a beachside suburb in the Eastern Suburbs of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is 10 kilometres south-east of the Sydney central business district in the local government area of the City of Randwick.

Maroubra is the largest suburb within Randwick City Council by both area and population. Maroubra Junction is a locality in the centre of the suburb.

1700s
At the time of British colonisation, the area was inhabited by the Indigenous Australian Murro-ore-dial clan of the Eora people. Maroubra is derived from the name of a clan leader, Moorooboora (muru, meaning pathway and boora, meaning initiation ground). In particular, his name refers to the pathway that went to the initiation ground that was at Boora Point which is now the site of a national park.

1800s
In 1861, the first British house was built in the area by Humphrey McKeon, after whom McKeon Street was named. A number of other settlers arrived on the land in the 1870s to work on the wool scouring works located at the northern end of the bay.

The Hereward
The suburb first made headlines on 6 May 1898, when the Hereward, a fully rigged iron ship weighing 1,513 tons was caught by the gale-force winds and shipwrecked at the northern end of Maroubra Beach while heading north toward Newcastle. The shipwreck remained on the beach for a number of years until a failed attempt to refloat it was made by building a coffer dam around the wreck.

The wreck was slowly washed out to sea afterwards; and by 1937 only a triangle dorsal fin was visible above sea level. In 1950, Randwick Council feared the danger that the remains posed, especially to surfers and swimmers, and had the remains blasted; such that by 1967 it appeared that there was nothing left of the ship.

In recent times, on various occasions, due to large swells and sweeping currents, large amounts of sand had moved off the sea floor and had exposed extensive portions of the Hereward which were once thought to be destroyed and lost forever. In March 2013 after large seas, extensive portions of the ship's metal hull, along with mast and engine pieces were exposed to a greater extent than they ever had been before.

Hereward Street in Maroubra is named after the event.

1900s
Major residential development only began in the 1910s after Herbert Dudley, a real estate developer, subdivided the land into residential blocks. Herbert Dudley also lobbied for the extension of the tramline to Maroubra Junction in 1912, where he had built Dudley's Emporium which has just recently been redeveloped. In 1918 sixty-five allotments on Crown Lands bordered by Maroubra Bay Road, Cooper Street and Broad Road were auctioned by Stanton and Son Limited. The tram line was extended to Maroubra Beach in 1921.

Between 1925 and 1934, the Olympia Motor Speedway was located in South Maroubra at the corner of Anzac Parade and Fitzgerald Avenue. However, due to the dangerous nature of the concrete track, a number of deaths occurred and it was closed after only nine years of operation. Coral Sea Park and surrounding estates was announced on the site in 1947 and formally completed in 1961. The estates and park was given its namesake from the 1942 battle; The battle of the Coral Sea.

2000s
In 2005, Maroubra was named as one of the suburbs involved in the Cronulla Riots, after more than 100 cars were vandalised in relation to the riots between Middle Eastern and Anglo youth. In 2006, Maroubra Beach became the second Australian beach to be named a National Surfing Reserve (the first beach being Bells Beach in Victoria). It is also a popular place for people learning to surf due to its beginner friendly conditions.

Maroubra Junction and surrounding areas
Maroubra Junction is one of the main shopping areas in the district and is home to Pacific Square shopping centre (built on the area once known as Stockland Mall, Maroubra). Pacific Square shopping centre has an outdoor eating area on Anzac Parade, Coles and Aldi supermarkets, Glamabags, many specialty shops as well as being home to the area's Australia Post outlet. Commercial developments are also found along Anzac Parade, Maroubra Road and surrounding streets, including Dudley's Emporium which was the first shopping centre in Maroubra Junction built in 1912 and has been recently redeveloped.

Maroubra Beach and surrounds
There are also a handful of shopping districts besides Maroubra Junction including the areas surrounding Maroubra Beach. McKeon Street and Marine Parade are home to multiple cafes and restaurants, and other retail facilities such as surf shops, yoga schools, a chemist and newsagent, the Maroubra Seals Club and The Bay Hotel.

South Maroubra
South Maroubra Shopping Village, known as "The Village", is located in South Maroubra and is home to many well-known shops including a late night pharmacy, Walsh's Pharmacy as well as Maroubra's only Woolworths supermarket.It is also next door to the Sands Hotel. The Village and South Maroubra Village Green are home to Christmas Carols every year.

Current
Southend Hotel though many locals still call it the Sands.
 * Glasshouse (Since 1947) – The licence of the Golden Grove Hotel was transferred from Darlington to new premises on the corner of Anzac Parade and Boyce Road, Maroubra Junction in February 1947. The hotel has more recently changed its name to the Glasshouse Hotel.
 * The Sands Hotel (Since 1972) – A hotel in South Maroubra alongside South Maroubra Shopping Village. Now rebranded to
 * Maroubra Junction Hotel (Since 1926) — A hotel in Maroubra Junction across Maroubra Road from Pacific Square.
 * Ocean View Tavern (Since 2010) – In an attempt to popularise the mostly vacant area surround Maroubra Beach, the Maroubra Bay Hotel premises was revitalised and re-opened under the name of the Ocean View Tavern. Since recalled the Bay Hotel circa 2017.
 * Juniors @ The Junction (Since 2009) – The result of a merger with South Sydney Junior Rugby League Club (Kingsford) and the struggling Maroubra Returned and Services League (RSL) Club. The club is on the site of the former Maroubra RSL club on Anzac Parade and Haig Street.

Former

 * Maroubra Bay Hotel (1926–2010) – Popular after World War I due to the extension of the tram line to the beach, the construction of a promenade and bathing sheds. Due to a downturn in trade the hotel closed in early 2010. Reopened as the Bay Hotel, nearby is the Maroubra Seals surf club (pub, gaming and restaurant).
 * Trade Winds (1984–2002) – Maroubra Junction on Maroubra Road. 2002 saw the former Flag Inns hotel converted into apartments. It was one of the many hotels that catered to the visiting Maroubra crowd on a global scale during the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games, being one of the major accommodation hotels in the Sydney region at the turn of the century. The Trade Winds Brasserie is all that is left of the old hotel.
 * Maroubra RSL (2000 –2009) – The struggling Maroubra Returned and Services League (RSL) Club merged with South Sydney Junior Leagues Club in order to keep the premise open due to poor income. It was reopened under the name "Juniors @ The Junction".

Roads
The CBD is located 10 kilometres north-west from Maroubra via Anzac Parade, via Kensington, Kingsford and Moore Park.

Buses
Regular bus services through Maroubra are operated by Transdev John Holland.

Trams
The former Maroubra tram line opened from Anzac Parade to Maroubra Bay in 1921. The line branched off the main line to La Perouse at the intersection of Anzac Parade and Maroubra Road, travelling east along Maroubra Road, Cooper Street, French Street and Mons Avenue before terminating in a balloon loop in Marine Parade at Maroubra Bay Beach. The line was double track throughout, and passed through several tram reservations on its descent down to the beach. Direct services operated from Circular Quay and Railway Square. The line closed in 1961.

Heritage listings
Due to the age of the suburb there are 34 sites formally recognised by the NSW Office of Environment and Heritage as providing a "sense of continuity and belonging to the place where we live". None of these sites, however, have been protected under Section 136 of the NSW Heritage Act.

Media
Maroubra is within the reporting and circulation boundaries of the South-Eastern Suburbs newspaper; "Southern Courier" which is owned and distributed by News Limited.

Maroubra is also within the reporting and circulation boundaries of The Beast, a monthly magazine for the beaches and bays of Sydney's east. It covers local news, sport and the arts and each month. It features a different local celebrity on the cover.

Maroubra was home to the set of the television series Heartbreak High which was filmed at Maroubra Bay High School after its closure.

The German electronic musician Edgar Froese included a track called Maroubra Bay on his 1975 album Epsilon in Malaysian Pale, which was influenced by a visit to Maroubra during Tangerine Dream's 1975 Australian tour.

In 1963 "Little Pattie" reached No. 2 on the Australian Top40 with her hit EP singles "Stomping at Maroubra" and "He's My Blonde-Headed, Stompie Wompie, Real Gone Surfer Boy"

In 1983, the music video and cover artwork for Come Said the Boy by Mondo Rock were filmed in Maroubra.

Sport and recreation
A number of well-known sporting teams represent the local area. One of them is the NRL club named the South Sydney Rabbitohs, and Maroubra Lions some other teams are Maroubra Surf Life Saving Club, South Maroubra Surf Life Saving Club, Maroubra Bodyboard Club and Maroubra Surf Riders Club.

The South Maroubra Dolphins Winter Swimming Club and Maroubra Seals Winter Swimming Club swim at Wylie's Baths and compete against Bondi Icebergs Winter Swimming Club, Cottesloe Crabs, Cronulla Polar Bears Winter Swimming Club, Coolangatta Surf Life Saving Club, Clovelly Eskimos Winter Swimming Club, Bronte Splashers, Wollongong Whales and Coogee Penguins Winter Swimming Club in the Winter Swimming Association of Australia Championships

Maroubra Beach is listed as a national surfing reserve, as a result, it has played host to many surfing competitions. The most notable of which was the 2004 Snickers Australian Open where then-six time world champion Kelly Slater won. The event was covered in the Bra Boys movie, Bra Boys: Blood is Thicker than Water.

Other events
Due to the large size of Maroubra beach, it has also been used for sports other than surfing. One of the more highly covered events was the 2007 Beach Cricket series which saw Maroubra Beach play home to Round Three of the series between Australia, England and West Indies. The round saw Australia and England progress to the finals which were played the following day, again at Maroubra.

Religion

Christian
 * Holy Family Catholic Church – originally St Aidan's Catholic Church
 * St. Mary & St. Joseph Catholic Church
 * Our Lady of the Annunciation Catholic Church
 * St Johns Anglican Church
 * St Edmund's Anglican Church (also known as Wild Street Church)
 * Maroubra Baptist Church
 * Salvation Army Maroubra
 * Maroubra Presbyterian Church
 * Maroubra Junction Uniting Church
 * Maroubra Bay Uniting Church
 * C3 Church Maroubra
 * Maroubra Surfers Church

Other
 * AuGuang Maitreya
 * Kingsford Maroubra Hebrew Orthodox Congregation

Healthcare
Maroubra is located close to the Prince of Wales Hospital in Randwick. As a result, there are several clinics and out-patient services run by Prince of Wales Hospital located in Maroubra, such as the Maroubra Centre that provides support to people living with mental illness. Maroubra is also home to a NSW Ambulance station; located on Mons Avenue near Maroubra Beach.

Current

 * St Spyridon College
 * Lycée Condorcet (The International French School of Sydney)
 * Maroubra Bay Public School
 * Maroubra Junction Public School
 * Mount Sinai College
 * South Sydney High School
 * St Aidan's Primary School
 * St Mary St Joseph Primary School
 * Champagnat Catholic College Pagewood
 * Our Lady of the Annuciation Primary School

Closed

 * Maroubra High School (1962–2002): premises now in use by Lycée Condorcet
 * Maroubra Bay High School: premises no longer existent – residential estate in place of former grounds. Famous for being the school used for the TV Series Heartbreak High.
 * Brigidine College Maroubra: moved to Randwick and became Brigidine College Randwick. The grounds have since been redeveloped into St Brigid's Green, a retirement village.

Maroubra Beach and parklands
Maroubra Beach stretches for approximately 1 km on Maroubra Bay. Mahon Pool is located north of the beach, near Mistral Point. Maroubra Beach and Maroubra Pool are temporary closed because of the COVID-19 pandemic. There are two surf clubs at Maroubra: Maroubra Surf Life Saving Club and South Maroubra Surf Life Saving Club. Arthur Byrne Reserve sits behind both these clubs. A skating park is located at the southern end of Maroubra Beach.

The word "Maroubra" originates from an Aboriginal word meaning "like thunder", which refers to the surf conditions and the sounds of the waves. The length of Maroubra Beach and good surf conditions provide additional photographic opportunities for the local photographers. There are numerous photography guides for Maroubra Beach and Mahon Pool and professional photographers showcase photos from this place as a part of their portfolio.

Maroubra has some large parklands, the most popular being the reserve along the waterfront at Maroubra Beach, called Arthur Byrne Reserve. The reserve has an enclosed children's playground to the north of the blue Pavilion building at North Maroubra, close to the car park. There are barbecue facilities and tables for picnickers. There are public ablution facilities inside the blue Pavilion building. Arthur Byrne Reserved is the home to the Oktoberfest/Fun Run every year. Heffron Park, on Fitzgerald Avenue and between Bunnerong Road and Robey Street is a particularly large park. It accommodates the Des Renford Aquatic Centre with indoor and outdoor pools, tennis courts, sports fields, parklands, and a two kilometre cycle track which is used for time trials and is accessible for public use at other times.

Nagle Park, on Wild Street between Walsh Avenue and Holden Street, is a flat parkland equipped for use as a sports facility. It is also a popular dog park, with dogs permitted off-lead.

Snape Park, on Snape Street between Hannan and Percival Streets is equipped with popular tennis facilities and sports fields and is frequently used for organised sporting events.

Central Park, at the corner of Cooper and Storey Streets, has a flat parkland with an excellent bicycle track for young children built of smooth concrete. This park also has playground equipment.

Coral Sea Park, south of Yorktown Parade, has a flat area that provides several sports fields. It has playground equipment at its south end.

Magic Point
Magic Point is a coastal headland in Maroubra, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It is about 10 km south of Sydney's central business district. It is a rugged heathland area with cliffs overlooking the ocean.

Magic Point is well known as a location for watching seabirds. It is also a popular diving site and is important for the protection of grey nurse sharks.

Demographics
In the 2016 Census, there were 30,688 people in Maroubra.
 * 43.2% were married and 10.0% were either divorced or separated.
 * 51.0% were born in Australia.
 * The next most common countries of birth were China 6.6%, England 3.3%, Indonesia 2.7%, New Zealand 1.7% and Hong Kong 1.7%.
 * The most common ancestries in Maroubra were English 16.4%, Australian 14.5%, Chinese 12.7%, Irish 8.3% and Greek 5.4%.
 * 27.4% had both parents born in Australia, 11.3% had one parent born overseas, and 54.7% had both parents born overseas.
 * 55.5% spoke only English at home.
 * Other languages spoken at home included Mandarin 6.9%, Greek 5.0%, Cantonese 4.5%, Indonesian 2.8% and Spanish 1.9%.
 * The most common responses for religion were No Religion 28.8% and Catholic 27.6%.

Notable people

 * Dakota Abberton, surfer with Bra Boys
 * Jai Abberton, surfer with Bra Boys
 * Koby Abberton, surfer with Bra Boys
 * Sunny Abberton, surfer with Bra Boys
 * Corey Adams, rugby league player
 * Henry Lawrie Bell, Army officer and amateur ornithologist
 * Mark Buddle, outlaw bikie and alleged gangster.
 * Bob Carr, 39th Premier of New South Wales
 * Michael Daley, Current Member of the Maroubra State Electorate
 * Tilly Devine, Sydney crime identity
 * Peter Doyle, writer
 * Alby Falzon, filmmaker, photographer and publisher
 * Ron Finneran, paralympian
 * Ross Freeman, politician
 * Greta Hayes, hockey player
 * Bob Heffron, 30th Premier of New South Wales
 * Brian Langton, politician
 * Jason Yat-Sen Li, politician
 * Alison MacCallum, singer
 * Reni Maitua, rugby league player
 * Mark Mathews, Professional Big Wave Surfer
 * Tim Metcher, rugby union player
 * Daniel Michel, paralympian
 * Jack Munn, rugby league player
 * John Norton, Newspaper editor
 * Susan Ryan, former politician
 * Guy Sebastian, Australian pop, R&B, and soul singer-songwriter' winner of the first season of Australian Idol in 2003.
 * Greg Smith, politician
 * John Sutton, rugby league player for the South Sydney Rabbitohs
 * Fred Thompson, rugby union player
 * Candice Warner, ironwoman
 * David Warner, Australian cricketer
 * Mike Whitney, TV personality (Sydney Weekender, Who Dares Wins), and former cricket player for the NSW Blues and Australia

title: Maroubra, New South Wales


text:
Abbot's Salford

Abbot's Salford is the name of a village in the English county of Warwickshire. It is found six miles south of Alcester, about the same distance from Evesham, very close to the Worcestershire border, and is within the parish of Salford Priors. The River Avon runs close by the eastern side of the village. As well as the hotel the modest modern attractions of the village seem to be Abbot's Salford Lake, which is an excellent fishing spot, and a caravan park.

Salford Hall
Building work on Salford Hall, the village's largest and grandest building, commenced in 1470 as a living place for monks from nearby Evesham Abbey. By the reign of Charles I it had become, by marriage, a seat of the Roman Catholic Stanford family. Charles Stanford, a grandson of Sir William Stanford, (d.1558), Justice of the Common Pleas, completed the building of Salford Hall, and commemorated the event by hanging up a bell on the top of the house bearing the inscription "Charles Stanford, Esqre., Ellinor, 1610" (for Eleanor Alderford, his wife). His son, John Stanford of Salford Hall, was a Cavalier and was killed in 1649. The Great Hall has a four-centred fireplace in the south wall, and in the east wall a doorway with a 17th-century pediment and shield with the arms of the Stanfords, who resided there until 1812. It is now used as a country house hotel, and is classed as a Grade I listed building.

Convent
From 1808 to 1838, the Hall functioned as a nunnery before reverting to a private dwelling. The nuns concerned were Benedictines who had been exiled from Cambrai in France by the French Revolution, and who were to build Stanbrook Abbey to move into in 1838.

title: Abbot's Salford


text:
Commercial Affairs Department

The Commercial Affairs Department (CAD) is a staff department of the Singapore Police Force (SPF). The department was first established in 1984 as the Commercial Crime Department (CCD), it is the white-collar crimes unit of the SPF.

History
The department was first established in 1984 as the Commercial Crime Department (CCD) with Glenn Knight as its first director.

Background
As the white-collar crimes unit of the police force, CAD conducts a variety of inquiries ranging from corporate irregularities such as LionGold and Data Register in 2014, as well as casino-related offences. It also has the right making arrests.

Probes
High-profile probes conducted by CAD include City Harvest Church founder Kong Hee, former bank relationship manager Vyia Lee Yock Sim who had misappropriated more than US$400,000 from seven high net-worth clients by 2006, China tourist guide Yang Yin with a widow's niece over a legal tussle assets believed to be worth $40 million.

In September 2003, the CAD is also responsible for the capture of Chia Teck Leng, who was found to have misused his position as the finance manager of Asia Pacific Breweries to swindle over $117 million from four foreign banks to pay off his debts and feed his gambling addiction. Chia is currently serving a 42-year jail term since 2004 for the crime, which was then the worst commercial crime Singapore has ever witnessed.

In January 2000, the CAD acted upon a report to arrest SIA cabin crew supervisor Teo Cheng Kiat for embezzling an approximate sum of $35 million from his company. Teo was charged with 26 counts of criminal breach of trust and corruption, and he was sentenced to 24 years in jail after the courts convicted him of ten out of these charges.

title: Commercial Affairs Department


text:
Abbots Worthy

Abbots Worthy is a small village in the City of Winchester district of Hampshire, England. It is in the civil parish of Kings Worthy.

Abbots Worthy lies on the A33 about 2 mi to the north of Winchester. Abbots Worthy is included within the civil parish of Kings Worthy and is part of the Winchester City Council administration.

In 1870–72, John Marius Wilson in the Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales described Abbotts Worthy as:

ABBOTSWORTHY, a tything in the parish of Kings worthy, 2 miles NNE of Winchester, Hants.

The Itchen Way, which is a 31.8 mi long-distance footpath, passes through the village. The River Itchen lies just to the south of Abbots Worthy.

Notable former residents

 * Archie Bland - Writer, journalist and Deputy Editor of The Independent newspaper
 * Sir Christopher Bland - Former Chairman of British Telecom, the BBC and the RSC
 * Lady Georgia Byng - Children's author
 * The Hon. Jamie Byng - Owner of Canongate Books
 * The 8th Earl of Strafford
 * Robyn Hitchcock, musician

title: Abbots Worthy


text:
Maraylya, New South Wales

Maraylya is a suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Maraylya is located 43 km north-west of the Sydney central business district in the local government area of The Hills Shire and the City of Hawkesbury. Maraylya is bounded in the north and the east by Cattai Creek. The western part of Maraylya is prone to flooding after heavy rains, particularly from run-off from the Scheyville National Park. The flood waters make their way to Longneck Lagoon, which eventually drains into the Hawkesbury River less than 2 km to the west. Maraylya consists mainly of small-acreage properties used as hobby farms and for keeping horses for recreational purposes. Scheyville National Park adjoins the southern border of Maraylya and is popular for horse trail rides for local residents. There is an arena in the area called the Horseworld Sportsworld Equestrian Stadium.

In July 2020, a small section of Maraylya in the south was carved out and formed the new suburb of Gables.

title: Maraylya, New South Wales


text:
XS (character)

XS (Jenni Ognats) is a character appearing in media published by DC Comics, primarily as a member of the 30th–31st centuries's Legion of Super-Heroes. She is the granddaughter of Barry Allen (the second superhero known as the Flash), and cousin of Bart Allen (the second Kid Flash). Her first appearance is in Legionnaires #0 (Oct 1994).

Jessica Parker Kennedy portrayed a variation of the character in the fourth, fifth, seventh, eighth and ninth seasons of The CW Arrowverse television series The Flash.

Fictional character biography
Despite being the granddaughter of Barry Allen (the Flash) and the daughter of Dawn Allen (one of the Tornado Twins), Jenni Ognats did not at first display any signs of super-speed. However, the Dominators, knowing her family heritage, captured her. This did not keep her out of danger, due to the long-standing feud between the Allen line and the Thawne line. As a baby, she was held hostage by President Thawne, only escaping danger when several Allens backed down.

At the sight of her father Jeven Ognats of Aarok being tortured, her latent super-speed powers activated. She managed to escape with her father before stray fire from the Dominators caused their base to explode. After this, she checked herself into a laboratory to help her learn to coordinate herself at super-speed. Once she learned control, she was drafted into the Legion of Super-Heroes as the speedster XS, serving as the team's equivalent to the Flash. She eventually learned to overcome her initial fear and nervousness, while she developed crushes on Cosmic Boy and, later, M'Onel, and eventually dated Dyrk Magz.

During the Legion's first trip to the 20th century, XS was separated from them. She met her cousin Bart Allen (Impulse), becoming a good friend. She revealed how she was participating in an archeological dig in the future. XS fought side by side with Impulse and other speedsters during the events of Dead Heat. Afterwards, the 27th century Flash fixed her grandfather's Cosmic Treadmill, enabling her to go home. Unfortunately, she overshot, encountering two further future incarnations of the Legion before returning. Impulse left her a goodbye note in the building that she was participating in excavating.

XS was one of the Legionnaires left behind after many of her teammates were lost, causing the team to be forcefully disbanded. She traveled to Xanthu with her teammate Star Boy, where she found herself caught in a war between Xanthu and Robotica. While the two Legionnaires managed to save millions of lives by distracting Robotica long enough for the surviving Xanthians to escape off-planet, the two remained trapped there for months thereafter, until rescued by their returned teammates.

XS and her version of the Legion were removed from mainstream DC continuity in the Teen Titans/Legion Special. They were revealed to be alive on in the parallel universe containing "Earth-247".

The Final Crisis: Legion of 3 Worlds miniseries reveals that the Tornado Twins and their family members (including XS) originated on the same Earth as the post-Infinite Crisis version of the Legion (which was introduced in "The Lightning Saga"). Thus, continuity revisions have been made: after Barry Allen's death in Crisis on Infinite Earths, the Twins and their families became the target of Professor Zoom, who was attempting to sabotage Don Allen and Meloni Thawne's marriage. Both families escaped to Earth-247 and the Twins died soon after in unknown circumstances. Both cousins were reunited with their grandmother Iris, and both also rapidly aged to teenagers within days. Presumably, XS' rapid-aging stabilized under her own volition, as she never showed signs of it during her tenure with the Legion.

XS is used by Brainiac 5 to revive her cousin, Bart Allen, culling his spirit from the Speed Force. The two then team up against Superboy-Prime. After the battle with Superboy-Prime and his Legion of Super-Villains, XS resigns from the Earth-247 Legion. Bart asks her to join him in the 21st Century, but she decides to stay in the 31st Century with the post-Infinite Crisis Legion to locate any of their surviving relatives. Her friend and teammate, Gates, also decides to stay to accompany her.

Powers and abilities
XS possesses Speed Force-based powers like the other members of her family (Barry Allen, Bart Allen, Wally West and Iris West II). She can run at near-light speeds, vibrate through solid matter, and even time travel and cross dimensions by altering her molecular vibrational frequencies.

Equipment
As a member of the Legion of Super-Heroes, XS is provided a Legion Flight Ring, which allows her to fly and protects her from the vacuum of space and other dangerous environments.

Television

 * XS makes a non-speaking cameo appearance in the Legion of Super Heroes two-part series finale "Dark Victory".
 * A character based on XS and Dawn Allen named Nora West-Allen appears in The Flash, portrayed by Jessica Parker Kennedy. This version is the future daughter of Barry Allen and Iris West-Allen from the year 2049 and the older sister of Bart Allen. Following cameo appearances in the crossover "Crisis on Earth-X" and the fourth season, during which she is credited as "mystery girl", she becomes a main character in the fifth season and a recurring character in the seventh, eighth, and ninth seasons.

Miscellaneous
XS appears in Adventures in the DC Universe #10.

title: XS (character)


text:
James Morrison (jazz musician)

James Lloyd Morrison AM (born 11 November 1962) is an Australian jazz musician. Although his main instrument is trumpet, he has also performed on trombone, tuba, euphonium, flugelhorn, saxophone, clarinet, double bass, guitar, and piano. He is a composer, writing jazz charts for ensembles of various sizes and proficiency levels.

He composed and performed the opening fanfare at the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games. In 2009, he joined Steve Pizzati and Warren Brown as a presenter on Top Gear Australia. At the ARIA Music Awards of 2010 Morrison and an a cappella group, The Idea of North, won Best Jazz Album, for their collaboration on Feels Like Spring. In 2012 Morrison was appointed as Artistic Director of the Queensland Music Festival for the 2013 and 2015 festivals. He was inducted into the Graeme Bell Hall of Fame 2013 at the Australian Jazz Bell Awards. In July 2013 he conducted the World's Largest Orchestra in Brisbane's Suncorp Stadium, consisting of 7,224 musicians.

Early life and education
James Lloyd Morrison was born on 11 November 1962 in Boorowa, a rural farming community, where his father, George Morrison, was a Methodist minister. Morrison comes from a musical family: his mother plays alto saxophone, piano, and organ; his sister is a trumpeter, and his older brother, John Morrison, is a jazz drummer. The family moved to various sites in New South Wales due to his father's ministry before settling in Pittwater. From the age of seven Morrison practiced on his brother's cornet.

Morrison attended Mona Vale Primary School and Pittwater High School, then Sydney Conservatorium of Music where he completed a jazz course. At the conservatorium he met Don Burrows, who became his mentor. In 1981, Morrison was a faculty member at his alma mater.

Morrison Brothers
In 1983 James and John Morrison formed the Morrison Brothers Big Bad Band, a 13-piece group. In 1984 the band included James Morrison on trumpet, trombone, and piano, Warwick Alder on trumpet, Peter Cross on trumpet, Paul Andrews on alto saxophone, Tom Baker on alto and baritone saxophones, Jason Morphett on tenor saxophone, Glenn Henrich on vibraphone, Craig Scott on bass, and John Morrison on drums. The band's debut album, A Night in Tunisia, was released in 1984 by ABC Records as part of the Don Burrows Collection. The title track is a jazz standard by Dizzy Gillespie; another track, "Burrows Bossa", was written by Morrison. Also that year he backed Burrows on Burrows at the Winery, playing trumpet, slide trumpet, trombone, and flugelhorn. The album was live at Rothbury Estate Winery. Morrison Brothers Big Bad Band used the same venue for their album Live at the Winery.

Morrison played the wrong Spanish national anthem at the Davis Cup final in Australia in 2003. Instead of playing the current anthem, Marcha Real, he performed the Himno de Riego, not heard since the Second Republic era (1931–1939), causing the Spanish Secretary of State for Sport to walk out in anger. Morrison later revealed he had mistakenly learned the incorrect tune due to being given the wrong sheet music. Fortunately an official quickly found a CD of the correct anthem, placating the Spanish and allowing the match to proceed.

Association with other musicians
Morrison has performed with Dizzy Gillespie (the first Australian to do so); Don Burrows, Ray Charles, and B.B. King. He has also worked with George Benson, Ray Brown, Cab Calloway, Jon Faddis, Herbie Hancock, Whitney Houston, Quincy Jones, Graeme Lyall, Wynton Marsalis, Mark Nightingale, Red Rodney, Arturo Sandoval, Woody Shaw, Frank Sinatra, and Phil Stack.

In 1990, he recorded the album Snappy Doo with Ray Brown on double bass, Herb Ellis on guitar, Jeff Hamilton on drums, and Morrison on piano, trumpet, trombone (tenor and bass), saxophone (soprano, alto, tenor, and baritone), and bits of clarinet, flute, flugelhorn, and euphonium. He recorded a sequel, Snappy Too, in 2011 with Hamilton, but Brown and Ellis died in the interim, so Morrison played guitar and bass in addition to all of the other instruments from the first album.

In 1999, he collaborated with Gina Jeffreys and The Idea of North on the song "Blue Christmas", which is included on Jeffreys' album, Christmas Wish. In 2005, he was guest soloist at the 150th anniversary concert of the Black Dyke Band; and in 2009 performed with them as special guest during their Australian tour. In 2007, he again appeared as guest soloist at concerts with the band in Manchester and London. In 2003 he founded the band on the Edge together with the German keyboardist and composer Simon Stockhausen, son of Karlheinz Stockhausen. Morrison has a long association with composer and pianist Lalo Schifrin (composer of the theme from Mission: Impossible) and has recorded albums for Schifrin's "Jazz Meets the Symphony" series. These include recordings with the London and the Czech National symphony orchestras.

He found his lead vocalist, Emma Pask, at a school concert when she was 16, and she became an internationally renowned jazz singer. Morrison sponsors scholarships for musicians and is involved with youth bands. His association with Generations in Jazz has spanned three decades. He was chairman of this organization, which ran one of the largest youth jazz events in the world.

Radio and TV presenter
For a number of years, Morrison has been the presenter of the in-flight jazz radio station for Qantas Airways. In 1994, James presented Behind The Wheel, a motoring television series on Network Ten. Ten saw the benefits of a series like this and commissioned 18 episodes. It aired on a Tuesday night at 7.30pm to an audience of 2.1 million viewers. The pilot episode was produced by Tim Kupsch, Andy Wallace and James Morrison. Unlike Top Gear, the show ideas and script were largely conceived "on the fly" by Morrison and Kupsch.

On 19 December 2008, presenter Charlie Cox announced his departure from Top Gear Australia due to lack of time. Morrison replaced him in the second season alongside Warren Brown and Steve Pizzati. He appeared as the "Star in a Bog-Standard Car" in episode 6 of the first series.

On 18 September 2018, he started to present the Tuesday night specialist show Top Brass for BBC Radio 2, which was moved alongside Sunday Night Is Music Night for series 2 in 2020 and which continues to be broadcast in the United Kingdom at 9pm on a Sunday in 2022.

Instrument production
In early 2010 he formed an association with Austrian brass manufacturer Schagerl to produce "signature" models. These include two series – the custom, hand-made "Meister" series and the intermediate professional "Academica" series. There are trumpets and trombones in both series, and the Meister series includes flugelhorn and bass trumpet. His design of a trumpet called "The Raven" uses rotary valves with a long lead pipe usually associated with a piston trumpet. He has also designed an improved superbone, a hybrid trombone that has three valves as well as a slide.

An instrument project with designer and robotics expert Steve Marshall produced the Morrison Digital Trumpet, a MIDI wind controller that looks like a futuristic version of a typical trumpet. It allows a trumpeter to play electronic sounds in much the same way a pianist can play a synthesizer.

On his collaboration album The Other Woman with singer Deni Hines, he wrote a track called "(Tired of Being) The Other Woman". When Morrison performed this track at a performance in Sydney, he revealed his latest piece of music technology. It is a Roland keyboard (VP770) that has a microphone attached and 'sings' whatever Morrison speaks into the microphone, producing the sound of a choir.

James Morrison Academy of Music
In March 2015 Morrison opened the James Morrison Academy of Music in Mount Gambier, South Australia – a tertiary-level, dedicated jazz school offering a degree in jazz performance. Award-winning jazz drummer David Jones started lecturing at the academy in 2015.

The academy ceased operations in 2021, citing the COVID-19 pandemic as a major factor. the program was undergoing restructuring, with an aim to bring short courses to regional areas in the near future.

Flying
Morrison is also a private pilot and the brand ambassador for Australian Air Safaris.

Personal life
Morrison met Judi Green, the 1987 Miss Australia winner, at a barbecue before both participated in a celebrity race at the Adelaide Grand Prix. The couple married in 1988 and they have three sons.

Awards and honours
On 9 June 1997 James Morrison was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia with a citation "for service to music, particularly jazz, and the sponsorship of young musicians".

AIR Awards
The Australian Independent Record Awards (commonly known informally as AIR Awards) is an annual awards night to recognise, promote and celebrate the success of Australia's Independent Music sector.

 * 2017
 * In Good Company (with Don Burrows)
 * Best Independent Jazz Album
 * Won
 * 2018
 * The Great American Songbook (with BBC Concert Orchestra)
 * Best Independent Jazz Album Album
 * Won
 * 2019
 * Midnight Till Dawn Mildlife – Phase
 * Best Independent Jazz Album Album
 * Nominated
 * Midnight Till Dawn Mildlife – Phase
 * Best Independent Jazz Album Album
 * Nominated

ARIA Music Awards
The ARIA Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony that recognises excellence, innovation, and achievement across all genres of Australian music. Morrison has won two awards from thirteen nominations.

 * 1989
 * Postcards From Down Under
 * rowspan="13"| Best Jazz Album
 * Nominated
 * 1990
 * Swiss Encounter (with Adam Makowicz)
 * Nominated
 * 1991
 * Snappy Doo
 * Nominated
 * 1992
 * Manner Dangerous
 * Nominated
 * 1993
 * To the Max (with Ray Brown)
 * Nominated
 * 2002
 * Scream Machine
 * Nominated
 * 2008
 * The Other Woman (with Deni Hines)
 * Nominated
 * 2010
 * Feels Like Spring (with The Idea of North)
 * Won
 * 2012
 * Snappy Too
 * Nominated
 * 2016
 * In Good Company (with Don Borrows)
 * Nominated
 * rowspan="2" | 2017
 * The Great American Songbook (with BBC Concert Orchestra, Keith Lockhart, Harry Morrison, William Morrison & Patrick Danao)
 * Won
 * James Morrison With His Academy Jazz Orchestra
 * Nominated
 * 2018
 * Ella and Louis (with Patti Austin, Melbourne Symphony Orchestra & Benjamin Northey)
 * Nominated
 * In Good Company (with Don Borrows)
 * Nominated
 * rowspan="2" | 2017
 * The Great American Songbook (with BBC Concert Orchestra, Keith Lockhart, Harry Morrison, William Morrison & Patrick Danao)
 * Won
 * James Morrison With His Academy Jazz Orchestra
 * Nominated
 * 2018
 * Ella and Louis (with Patti Austin, Melbourne Symphony Orchestra & Benjamin Northey)
 * Nominated
 * 2018
 * Ella and Louis (with Patti Austin, Melbourne Symphony Orchestra & Benjamin Northey)
 * Nominated

APRA Music Awards

 * 1990
 * "Saturday Sailing"
 * Most Performed Jazz Work
 * Won
 * Won

Australian Jazz Bells
The Australian Jazz Bell Awards, also known as the Bell Awards or The Bells, are annual music awards for the jazz music genre in Australia.

 * 2013
 * James Morrison
 * Graeme Bell Hall of Fame
 * inducted
 * inducted

Mo Awards
The Australian Entertainment Mo Awards (commonly known informally as the Mo Awards), were annual Australian entertainment industry awards. They recognise achievements in live entertainment in Australia from 1975 to 2016. James Morrison won ten awards in that time. (wins only)
 * 1988
 * James Morrison
 * Ricky May Jazz Performer of the Year
 * Won
 * rowspan="3"| 1989
 * James Morrison
 * Jazz Performer of the Year
 * Won
 * James Morrison
 * Jazz Male Performer of the Year
 * Won
 * James Morrison
 * Australian Performer of the Year
 * Won
 * rowspan="2"| 1990
 * James Morrison
 * Jazz Performer of the Year
 * Won
 * James Morrison
 * Jazz Male Performer of the Year
 * Won
 * 1997
 * James Morrison
 * Jazz Instrumental Performer of the Year
 * Won
 * 1999
 * James Morrison
 * Jazz Instrumental Performer of the Year
 * Won
 * 2002
 * James Morrison
 * Jazz Instrumental Performer of the Year
 * Won
 * 2006
 * James Morrison
 * Ricky May Jazz Performer of the Year
 * Won
 * 2002
 * James Morrison
 * Jazz Instrumental Performer of the Year
 * Won
 * 2006
 * James Morrison
 * Ricky May Jazz Performer of the Year
 * Won
 * Ricky May Jazz Performer of the Year
 * Won

title: James Morrison (jazz musician)