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Smita Patil

Smita Patil (17 October 1955 – 13 December 1986) was an Indian film and theatre actress who primarily worked in Hindi and Marathi films. Regarded among the finest and greatest actresses in the history of Indian cinema, Patil appeared in over 80 films, in a career that spanned over a decade. Patil was the recipient of two National Film Awards, a Filmfare Award, two Filmfare Awards Marathi. She received the Padma Shri, India's fourth-highest civilian honour in 1985.

Patil made her film debut with Shyam Benegal's Charandas Chor (1975). She became one of the leading actresses of parallel cinema, a New Wave movement in India cinema, though she also appeared in several mainstream movies throughout her career. Her performances were highly acclaimed, and her most notable roles include Manthan (1976), Bhumika (1977) for which she won her first National Film Award for Best Actress,  Jait Re Jait (1978), Aakrosh (1980), Chakra (1981) which earned her a second National Film Award for Best Actress and her first and only Filmfare Award for Best Actress, Namak Halaal (1982), Bazaar (1982), Umbartha (1982), Shakti (1982), Arth (1982), Ardh Satya (1983), Mandi (1983), Aaj Ki Awaaz (1984), Chidambaram (1985), Mirch Masala (1985), Amrit (1986), Dance Dance (1987) and Waaris (1988).

Apart from acting, Patil was an active feminist and a member of the Women's Centre in Mumbai. She was deeply committed to the advancement of women's issues and gave her endorsement to films which sought to explore the role of women in traditional Indian society, their sexuality, and the changes facing the middle-class woman in an urban milieu.

Patil was married to actor Raj Babbar. She died on 13 December 1986 at the age of 31 due to childbirth complications. Over ten of her films were released after her death. Her son Prateik Babbar is a film actor who made his debut in 2008.

Early life

Smita Patil was born on 17 October 1955, in Pune, Maharashtra into a Hindu-Marathi family, to a Maharashtrian politician father, Shivajirao Girdhar Patil and social worker mother Vidyatai Patil, from Shirpur town of Khandesh province of Maharashtra. She has two sisters, Dr. Anita Patil Deshmukh, a faculty neonatologist and Manya Patil Seth, a costume designer.

As a child, Patil participated in dramas. Patil studied literature at University of Mumbai, and was a part of local theatre groups in Pune and spent much of her time at the campus of the Film and Television Institute of India (FTII), causing many to mistake her for an alumna. The family mov's election as a cabinet minister.

Debut and early success (1974-1980)
Patil began her career in the early 1970s as a television newsreader on the newly transmitting Mumbai Doordarshan, the Indian government run broadcaster. Her first film role was in the FTII student film Teevra Madhyam by Arun Khopkar. Shyam Benegal then discovered her and cast her in his 1974 children's film, Charandas Chor. Patil's first major role was in his other film, Manthan, in which she played a Harijan woman who leads the revolt of the milk co-operative.

Patil then won her first National Film Award for Best Actress and her first nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Actress for her performance in the Hindi film Bhumika, just three years after her debut. The film, in which she portrays an actress leading a tumultuous life through sudden fame and stardom, brought her talent to the attention of the world. Patil attended the Cannes Film Festival in 1976 with Shabana Azmi and Shyam Benegal for the film Nishant. Patil won Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Marathi for her performance in Jait Re Jait in 1977.

Acclaim in parallel cinema and stardom (1981-1987)
Patil was a part of the radically political cinema of the 1970s, which included actresses such as Shabana Azmi and Deepti Naval. Her work includes films with parallel cinema directors like Shyam Benegal, Govind Nihalani, Satyajit Ray (Sadgati, 1981), G. Aravindan (Chidambaram, 1985) and Mrinal Sen as well as forays into the more commercial Hindi film industry cinema of Mumbai. In her films, Patil's character often represents an intelligent femininity that stands in relief against the conventional background of male-dominated cinema. Patil was a women's rights activist and became famous for her roles in films that portrayed women as capable and empowered.

Patil received widespread critical acclaim for her performances in Chakra (1981), which earned her a second National Film Award for Best Actress and her first and only Filmfare Award for Best Actress. As a part of her preparation for the role of a slum-dweller, Patil used to visit the slums in Bombay during the making of Chakra.

Patil went onto star in Bazaar (1982) and Aaj Ki Awaaz (1984), which earned her two nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Actress. For Mandi (1983), she earned her a nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress. Patil's performance in the marital drama Arth (1982) was highly appreciated. For her portrayal as "the other woman" while acting opposite Shabana Azmi, she earned a second nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress. During this time, she also starred in several notable Marathi film Umbartha (1982), winning her second Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Marathi for her performance in the films.

Patil gradually moved to more commercial cinema. In an interview, she stated:"'I remained committed to small cinema for about five years ... I refused all commercial offers. Around 1977–78, the small cinema movement started picking up and they needed names. I was unceremoniously dropped from a couple of projects. This was a very subtle thing but it affected me a lot. I told myself that here I am and I have not bothered to make money. I have turned down big, commercial offers because of my commitment to small cinema and what have I got in return? If they want names I'll make a name for myself. So I started and took whatever came my way.'"

In time, commercial filmmakers like Raj Khosla, Ramesh Sippy and B.R. Chopra offered her roles, agreeing that she was "excellent". Her fans, too, grew with her new-found stardom. Patil's glamorous roles in her more commercial films, such as Shakti (1982) and Namak Halaal (1982) with Amitabh Bachchan. She showed that one can act in both, "serious" cinema and the "Hindi cinema" masala in the Hindi film industry. However, her sister Manya Patil Seth stated, "Smita was never comfortable in big-budget movies. She wept her heart out after performing the rain dance with Mr Bachchan in Namak Halaal; she felt she wasn't doing the right thing." In 1984, she served as a jury member of the Montreal World Film Festival. Patil acted with Raj Babbar in films such as Bheegi Palkein, Tajurba, Aaj Ki Awaaz, Awam and Hum Do Hamare Do and later fell in love with him.

Director C. V. Sridhar was the first one to pair her opposite Rajesh Khanna in Dil-E-Nadan in 1982. After the success of this film, Patil and Khanna were paired in successful films like Aakhir Kyon?, Anokha Rishta, Angaarey, Nazrana, Amrit. With the release of Aakhir Kyon? her popularity and her pairing with Khanna were at its peak. The songs "Dushman Na Kare Dost Ne Woh" and "Ek Andhera Lakh Sitare" from Aakhir Kyon? were chartbusters. Each of these films were different and dealt with various social issues. Their performances were critically acclaimed. In 1986, Amrit directed by Mohan Kumar became the fifth highest-grossing film of the year. Nazrana, co-starring Sridevi released posthumously and became a box office success and was among the top 10 films of 1987.

Patil's association with artistic cinema remained strong, however. Her arguably greatest (and unfortunately final) role came when Patil re-teamed with Ketan Mehta to play the feisty and fiery Sonbai in Mirch Masala, which released after her death in 1987. Patil's performance as a spirited spice-factory worker who stands up against a lecherous petty official in this film was highly praised, and won her the Bengal Film Journalists' Association Award for Best Actress (Hindi). On the centenary of Indian cinema in April 2013, Forbes included her performance in the film on its list, "25 Greatest Acting Performances of Indian Cinema". The Washington Post called her work "an enigmatically feisty final performance".

Posthumous films (1987-1989)
Some of Patil's last work and posthumous releases include the Bengali film Debshishu, where she worked without remuneration, Hum Farishte Nahin, Insaniyat Ke Dushman, Thikana, Oonch Neech Beech and Waaris. Patil was pregnant during the filming of Thikana. For Waaris, Patil received wide acclaim. The 1989 film Galiyon Ke Badshah marked Patil's final film appearance. For Waris, Patil won her final acting award, the Star & Style - Lux Awards for Best Actress.

Personal life
Patil was an active feminist and was member of the Women's Centre in Mumbai. She attempted to portray women's issues through her different films. She was also involved in charity work, donating the winnings of her first National Award to charity.

When Patil became romantically involved with actor Raj Babbar, she drew severe criticism from her fans and the media, clouding her personal life and throwing her into the eye of a media storm. Raj Babbar left his wife Nadira Babbar to marry Patil. Babbar and Patil first met on the sets of the 1982 film Bheegi Palkein. Their son, actor Prateik Babbar was born on 28 November 1986.

Death
Patil died from childbirth complications (Puerperal sepsis) on 13 December 1986, age 31. Nearly two decades later, notable film director Mrinal Sen alleged that Patil had died due to "gross medical negligence". After Patil's death, her son was raised by her parents in Mumbai. According to the media, she died an idol, a cult figure reaching beyond her grave. On her death, poet Kaifi Azmi said in his inaugural speech at a charity function, "Smita Patil is not dead. Her son is still amongst us."

Public image
Patil is regarded as one of the greatest and most accomplished actresses of Indian cinema. Rediff.com placed her as the second-greatest Indian actress of all time, behind Nargis. In 2022, she was placed in Outlook India's 75 Best Bollywood Actresses list. Patil was placed 5th in Rediff.com's "Best Bollywood Debut Ever" list, for her films Charandas Chor and Manthan. Patil was known for her beauty and fashion throughout the 70s and 80s. In the media, she is cited a style icon with various publications like Hindustan Times, included her among the topmost sex symbols of Bollywood. Yahoo! placed Patil 5th in its "Ten most iconic beauties of Hindi cinema" list, and Times of India's placed her in its "50 Beautiful Faces" list. In 2023, Rajeev Masand named Patil as one of Hindi cinema's best actresses of all time.

Patil is highly regarded for her range as an actor, her beauty, and her style. Suresh Kohli of Deccan Herald noted, "Smita Patil was, perhaps, the most accomplished actress of Hindi cinema. Her oeuvre is outstanding, investing almost every portrayal with a powerhouse realistic performance." Several actresses have been inspired by Patil's work. Actress Deepika Padukone said, "Smita Patil is someone whose work I admire a lot." Bhumi Pednekar credited the actress for "ushering in the change for heroines on screen", by her progressive portrayals. Katrina Kaif said, "Smita Patil's roles were an inspiration and touched the lives of millions of women. She showed us that not even sky is the limit" Somy Ali said that Patil inspired her to become an actress, she also termed Patil, her "favourite". Rekha termed Patil a "far better actor" than her or anybody else.

Talking about Patil, her co-actor Om Puri stated: "Smita had an understanding of love, a lot of sincerity and warmth came through in her performances. She was a Bohemian. She was not class conscious, rather was very bubbly, full of life. Never saw her low or depressed about anything. Very liberated and progressive in her thoughts and work." Andrew Robinson wrote in his book Satyajit Ray: The Inner Eye, that Ray once said, "There is no one who can replace Smita Patil". Aruna Vasudev termed Patil as one of the "most intense" actress, Indian cinema ever had. Sumita S. Chakravarty noted that, "In the 1960-1970, "new cinema" emerged and Patil became one of the foremost actress of the prosixties. Filmmaker Mahesh Bhatt added, "There was something very special about her from the start. When I decided to make Arth, I wanted to make it with two powerful actresses as the wife and the other woman. Looking back, I’m proud to say that Smita Patil [with Shabana Azmi] made Arth what it was." Actor Nawazuddin Siddiqui praised Patil's beauty and said, "Smita Patil would appear as a typical Indian girl. But as soon as she faced the camera, no one looked more beautiful. If she were here today, she would have been a favourite for international filmmakers. The West was drawn to her."

Reception and legacy
Patil is known among the greatest actresses of Indian cinema. On Patil's successful film career, Rachit Gupta of Filmfare noted, "Her dusky, unconventional looks, choice of roles, active socio-political career worked to her advantage. Smita Patil made an enviable movie career." Mamun M. Adil of Pakistan's newspaper Dawn noted, "Patil was in her early 20s when she delivered towering turns which, speak volumes for the talent that simmered behind her mesmerising eyes." Santanu Das of Hindustan Times added, "Rarely has an actor arrived in Indian Cinema quite like Patil; so full-bodied in her approach to the art of performance." Filmmaker Shyam Benegal praised the actress and said, "Smita Patil was a chameleon. She could be a part of the story without your thinking about it. She was instinctive. The camera loved her. The camera looked at her, it picked her out of everyone else. That was the thing about her." News18 India named her as an actress "remembered for her work and influence" and noted, "Smita Patil was famous for her serious roles, expressive eyes, and impeccable acting."

Acting style and screen image
Patil is considered among the finest actresses. She established herself as one of the most prominent actress of arthouse and parallel cinema and was widely known as the "Queen of parallel cinema and new wave movement". Patil was also known for her work in the mainstream films. Writing for Scroll.in, film critic Maithili Rao stated, "Art or mainstream, Smita was a magnet to film-makers hopelessly in love with her screen presence and the wonderful woman behind the image." Gargi Nandwana from The Indian Express stated, "Smita Patil's films fearlessly traversed uncharted terrain — an absolute anathema for a Bollywood actress of that time poised for an illustrious career — navigating the intricate nuances, complexities, strengths, and vulnerabilities intrinsic to the female experience."

Patil was known for her path-breaking roles and she changed the portrayal of women onscreen with her morally complex characters. Patil received critical acclaim for her portrayal of a feisty village girl in Manthan, an actress in Bhumika, a rape victim in Aakrosh, a slum-dweller in Chakra, a women involved with a married man in Arth, a prostitute and classical singer in Mandi, a divorcee in Aakhir Kyon? and a strong woman against oppressors in Mirch Masala. Forbes included her performance in Mirch Masala in its, "25 Greatest Acting Performances of Indian Cinema" list. Filmfare included Patil's performances in Bhumika and Mirch Masala in its list of "80 Iconic Performances" of Bollywood, placed 24th and 8th respectively. For Bhumika, it noted, "Smita's role is memorable not only because of her keen understanding of an actor and a woman's mindset but also because she flawlessly became Hansa during the film-within-the-film portions and her act giving the bygone era glimpse." NDTV added her character, Usha, from Bhumika in its "Trailblazing Women of Bollywood" list.

On not working in commercial cinema, Patil said, "I hope I don't get pushed into doing commercial films because, truly, that will be the end of Smita Patil." Shaikh Ayaz of The Indian Express noted, "In this repertory of talent that dominated the Hindi art cinema landscape, Patil was but a comet. Her films made space for feminist interventions, serving as a template for every succeeding generation of actors." Praising Patil's screen presence and work, S. Shivakumar of The Hindu termed her a "rare and refreshing exception in cinema" and said, "The lines between parallel and mainstream cinema may have blurred but her performances in both are priceless." Raja Sen from Rediff.com noted, "The more striking side of the coin was Smita Patil, who had a compellingly intelligent presence that stood for both empowerment and sensitivity." Ali Peter John from Bollywood Hungama noted, "Smita Patil was a complete and consummate actress, whose ability to face the most difficult challenges and triumph over them has become a part of the art of great acting. She was the life of art, parallel or new wave cinema."

Honours and tributes
The Priyadarshni Academy started the Smita Patil Memorial Award for Best Actress, as a tribute to the veteran actress in 1986. It is awarded every other year to an actress for her contribution to Indian cinema. In 2012, the Smita Patil International Film Festival Documentaries and Shorts was initiated in her honour. In 2015, film critic Maithili Rao published Patil's biography "Smita Patil: A Brief Incandescence". In the same year, National Centre for the Performing Arts and National Film Archive of India organised a retrospective on the actress named, "Smita - A minor retrospective of a major actress". In 1989, Meera Dewan, made a documentary on her, named "Searching for Smita". Odissi dancer Jhelum Paranjape named her dance institute "Smitalaya" (launched in 1989), in fond memory of Patil. Smita Patil Street Theatre, has been named in the late actress honor.

On the occasion of 100 years of the Indian cinema, a postage stamp bearing her face was released by India Post to honour her on 3 May 2013. Patil's father, Shivajirao Giridhar Patil started the Smita Patil Charitable Trust in 1996, in her memory. It was started with a mission to provide co-education to the students of the rural areas. The same year, a school named, Smita Patil Public School was started in Dhule, Maharashtra. In 2010, the Indo-American Arts Council, organised an 11-film retrospective of the late actress’ films in New York. The Polish Film Institute and the Indian embassy in Warsaw organised "Smita Patil Retrospect", in Poland in her memory. Thus, she became the first Indian actress to be honored with a retrospective abroad. In 2023, her son Prateik Babbar changed his name to Prateik Patil Babbar, as a heartfelt homage to his late mother. He said, "When my name appears in film credits or anywhere, I want it to be a reminder to myself, the people and the audience, of her extraordinary and remarkable legacy, of my legacy, a reminder of her brilliance and greatness."

In film

 * In 2012, India Times included her film Arth (1982), in its "25 must-see Bollywood films" list.
 * In 2013, News18 included her 1982 films - Umbartha and Akaler Shandhaney, in its "100 greatest Indian films" list.
 * While, Richa Chadha gave Patil a tribute by recreating her look for a magazine shoot, actress Madhuri Pawar gave her a tribute by recreating her Jait Re Jait's look.
 * In 2024, restored version of her 1976 film Manthan was selected for premier at the Cannes Film Festival.

Biography

 * In 2015, film critic Maithili Rao, wrote Patil's biography titled, Smita Patil: A Brief Incandescence.

title: Smita Patil


text: User talk:69.1.104.229

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:69.1.104.229


text: User talk:216.254.17.15

title: User talk:216.254.17.15


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Duskywing

Erynnis is a genus in the skippers butterfly family Hesperiidae, known as the duskywings. Erynnis is found in the Neotropical realm and across the Palearctic, but the highest species diversity is in the Nearctic. The genus was erected by Franz von Paula Schrank in 1801.

Species and notable subspecies
Listed alphabetically:
 * Erynnis afranius (Lintner, 1878) – Afranius duskywing
 * Erynnis baptisiae (Forbes, 1936) – wild indigo duskywing
 * Erynnis brizo (Boisduval & LeConte, [1837]) – sleepy duskywing
 * Erynnis brizo burgessi (Skinner, 1914) – Rocky Mountain sleepy duskywing
 * Erynnis funeralis (Scudder & Burgess, 1870) – funereal duskywing
 * Erynnis horatius (Scudder & Burgess, 1870) – Horace's duskywing
 * Erynnis icelus (Scudder & Burgess, 1870) – dreamy duskywing
 * Erynnis juvenalis (Fabricius, 1793) – Juvenal's duskywing
 * Erynnis lucilius (Scudder & Burgess, 1870) – columbine duskywing
 * Erynnis martialis (Scudder, 1869) – mottled duskywing
 * Erynnis marloyi (Boisduval, [1834]) – inky skipper
 * Erynnis mercurius (Dyar, 1926) Mexico
 * Erynnis montana (Bremer, 1861) South China, Formosa, Amur, Japan
 * Erynnis meridianus Bell, 1927 – meridian duskywing – California, Nevada, Arizona, New Mexico
 * Erynnis pacuvius (Lintner, [1878]) – Pacuvius duskywing, Dyar's duskywing, or buckthorn dusky wing
 * Erynnis pacuvius callidus (Grinnell, 1905) – Californian – Pacuvius duskywing
 * Erynnis pathan Evans, 1949 Ghissar, Chitral, North Baluchistan
 * Erynnis pelias (Leech, 1891) West China, Arunachal Pradesh
 * Erynnis persius (Scudder, 1863) – Persius duskywing or hairy duskywing
 * Erynnis persius fredericki (H. A. Freeman, 1943) – eastern Persius duskywing
 * Erynnis popoviana Nordmann, 1851 Mongolia, North China, East China, Central China, Ussuri
 * Erynnis propertius (Scudder & Burgess, 1870) – Propertius duskywing or western oak duskywing
 * Erynnis scudderi (Skinner, 1914) – Scudder's duskywing – Mexico, Arizona
 * Erynnis tages (Linnaeus, 1758) – dingy skipper
 * Erynnis telemachus Burns, 1960 – Rocky Mountain duskywing – Arizona
 * Erynnis tristis (Boisduval 1852) – mournful duskywing – Arizona, California, New Mexico, Texas, Mexico to Colombia, Central America
 * Erynnis tristis tatius (W. H. Edwards, 1882) – Tatius duskywing – Arizona, Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Panama, to Colombia
 * Erynnis zarucco (H. Lucas, 1857) – zarucco duskywing

title: Duskywing


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User talk:Teebo~enwiki

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, you can post to the help desk or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! Hyacinth 19:49, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
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title: User talk:Teebo~enwiki


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Usb8x

Usb8x is a flash application for the TI-84 Plus and TI-84 Plus SE graphing calculators. It is a driver that interfaces with the calculator's built in USB On-The-Go port, allowing developers to easily create their own USB device drivers for use on the calculators. This allows the newfound use of USB peripherals such as a USB mouse, USB keyboard, or a USB flash drive. The programming is available for both TI-BASIC and flash application storage and management.

Supported by driver

 * HID Mouse
 * HID Keyboard
 * TI Silverlink

Compatible; lack driver support

 * TI-84 Plus
 * Vernier EasyTemp
 * EMS HID PlayStation 2 Controller Adapter
 * Lexar Jumpdrive ("secure edition" works too)
 * Canon i850 Printer
 * Logitech Precision Gamepad
 * Motorola SURFboard cable modem
 * Apacer Handy Steno HT202 USB Memory Stick 128MB
 * Sony PSP system when enabled as a USB device
 * Most other USB Mass storage devices which don't draw much power from the USB Port

Not compatible

 * Ezonics Webcam
 * SMC 802.11b Adapter
 * Sandisk Cruzer Mini Flash Drive

title: Usb8x


text:
User talk:Sethrotul

Why did you insert a modified image into Napoleon Dynamite? Ipsenaut 19:52, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sethrotul


text:
Dragan Đurović

Dragan Đurović (Serbian Cyrillic: Драган Ђуровић; 31 October 1959 – 27 June 2024) was a Montenegrin politician, Deputy Prime Minister between 2001 and 2007, and within that period he was also the Minister of the Interior (in the period between 2003 and 2005) and Acting Minister of Foreign Affairs (in the period between May 2002 and January 2003). He chaired sessions of the Government of Montenegro in the period between 5 November and 8 January 2003.

Biography
Đurović was born on 31 October 1959. He graduated from the Faculty of Law.

In the 1980s he was actively promoting democratic ideas. During the one-party system of that time, a smaller group of persons from the Youth Organisation of Montenegro published the document named "Let's stop the election frauds", which was actually the request for introduction of the multi-party system. The document, which caused the impulsive reaction of the community leaders of Montenegro of that time, was publicly promoted at Skaline, i.e. mouth of the river located in Podgorica where the Ribnica river flows into the Moraca river. One can say that it was the first dissident movement in newer political history of Montenegro.

Among other positions, he was the director of newspaper and publishing company Pobjeda (1995–2001), the appointed deputy of the House of Citizens of the Parliament of Serbia and Montenegro two times, and deputy of the Parliament of the Republic of Montenegro five times.

He was also the head of deputy club of Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro in Montenegrin Parliament and member of the party's Presidency.

From 2009 he held the position of the director of Civil Aviation Agency of Montenegro. He was also member of Coordinating Committee of European Civil Aviation Conference (ECAC).

Đurović died on 27 June 2024, at the age of 64.

Note
There is another Montenegrin politician of name Dragan Đurović who was the assistant minister of foreign affairs for Serbia and Montenegro as of December 2003.

title: Dragan Đurović


title: User:85.206.202.162


text:
Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Flag of Belarus/Attempt 1

Flag of Belarus
Self-nom. Just another Belarusian article that I worked on and sent through Peer Review. Zscout370 (Sound Off) 19:52, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Support -- acceptable now Object at the moment. The matter does not flow well. I would like to know about the present flag meaning, but I have to read a lot of the history before coming to it. The history of the flag is also fragmented. Once I finish reading =Use of the flag since 1991=, I would like to know why the flag was changed; but instead, I have to scroll through section after section to come to that information. Also, having information in brackets in the lead is odd. Information presented in brackets digress from the subject, whereas the lead should be clear and continous. Also, what is the meaning of the colours, are they the same as the 1951 flag, and what material is the flag made of? =Nichalp   «Talk»=  20:35, August 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * While I am going to rewrite everything you ask, I have no clue what flags in Belarus are made out of. While I do have two 1995 Belarusian flags made in my possesion, I have no clue what material they are made out of. However, if I take a guess, it could be a cheap silk, maybe rayon, maybe cotton, maybe something else. I fixed the 1991 heading and made it to read 1995. I will try to fix the brackets and I added the meaning of the colors. Zscout370 (Sound Off) 21:00, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Just a comment, because I don't know a lot about this, but as I understand it the main question surrounding the two flags is that of nationalism and by extension the fascist association of the old flag. So the two flags have distinctly different lineages, you might say, with one (the current) representing continuity from the Soviet era and the other representing a return to the symbolism of the Civil War and WWII nationalist/fascist periods. Obviously this has deep political implications and represents a major political divide in Belarus. My point is I'm not sure this article gets at that issue sharply enough, having read through it, although it does deal with it somewhat. But it is well-written and fairly comprehensive. Everyking 08:56, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Quite right, I too was thinking about the same thing after I logged off. =Nichalp   «Talk»=
 * I tried to make the article dicuss the political issues the main focus of the article, but if yall allow me, I can make a fork to dicuss the main political issues of the flag. Zscout370 (Sound Off) 17:14, 20 August 2005 (UTC)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Gallo World Family Foundation

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. - Mailer Diablo 17:59, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

Gallo World Family Foundation
A google search returns only 60 hits; this seems to be a fairly minor genealogy group that's never garnered much attention, dedicated to "protect[ing] the heritage and culture of the Gallo family". Their main order of business seems to be running a website where you can register as part of the Gallo family, and help to preserve heritage. Alexa rank is 492,000. Non-notable. Meelar (talk) 19:52, August 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep the fact that it returns few google hits is, in iself, not a reason to delete. Trollderella 23:19, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not notable; useless article. (Notorious4life 02:32, 20 August 2005 (UTC))
 * Delete nn, verges on vanity --Porturology 03:20, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non-notable, advertising. Xoloz 20:12, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * delete, vanity. Nandesuka 23:21, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:IPCC (disambiguation)

Untitled
This page should perhaps be a disambig. But there are a lot of existing links which point to IPCC in the sense of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which is the predominant usage internationally. If you want to turn this page into a disambig, you can use the text below, but please first click "what links here" and fix the many links. Please don't just assume that someone else will have time to do this. Thanks. 80.229.160.150 19:53, 19 August 2005

 * I have changed all links on articles pointing to IPCC to Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. This is only for the (Article) namespace and not pages in the Talk, User or Wikipedia namespaces. Menwith (talk) 19:21, 20 April 2009 (UTC)

 * Template removed from the discussion page. --Alter70 (talk) 10:51, 15 April 2010 (UTC)

I strongly suggest that the disambig is changed back to a redirect and that a special disambig page is created. IPCC almost always refer to the world renowned Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. English Wikipedia has users all over the world that are not that interested in British commisions, Irish peatlands, fictional organizations or technologies "since renamed". (I dare not make the change myself since I'm not that familiar with strict Wikipedia rules.) --Alter70 (talk) 10:51, 15 April 2010 (UTC)

 * The following page lists links to the IPCC page. Some, but not all, referring to the climate change panel. Some of the links need to be changed any way.
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere&target=IPCC&namespace=0
 * --Alter70 (talk) 10:51, 15 April 2010 (UTC)

 * Example of how it should look: UN, United Nations, UN (disambiguation). --Alter70 (talk) 10:55, 15 April 2010 (UTC)

 * I guess I'm claiming that Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is the primary topic. --Alter70 (talk) 10:02, 5 May 2010 (UTC)

The disambiguation has been moved to IPCC (disambiguation) and the IPCC has been redirected to Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. NW ( Talk ) 14:52, 5 September 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:IPCC (disambiguation)


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Jacques Parent

Jacques Parent (September 24, 1862 – February 6, 1918) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1914 to 1917 as a member of the Conservative Party.

He was born in Rimouski, Canada East, the son of Francois Parent and Adelaide Tremblay, and came to Manitoba with his family in 1876 by way of Woonsocket, Rhode Island. The family settled on a Dominion Lands Act homestead in the Letellier area. Parent was a farmer, grain dealer and financial agent. He also served on the board of the Manitoba Agricultural College. In 1894, he married Odille Henry.

He was first elected to the Manitoba legislature in the provincial election of 1914, defeating incumbent Liberal Thomas Molloy by 262 votes in the constituency of Morris. The Conservatives won a majority government in this election, and Parent served as a backbench supporter of Rodmond Roblin's administration.

The Roblin government was forced to resign in 1915 amid a corruption scandal, and the Conservatives were badly defeated in the election of 1915. Parent was one of only five Conservatives elected, defeating Molloy by fifty-seven votes.

Parent died in office in Rochester, Minnesota in 1918.

title: Jacques Parent


text:
Talk:Jupiter-C

Question
Question for this site.How long does this type of fuel last,is it harmful if found that it's shelf life is over?(environmently)

POV?
"Calling a Redstone-based rocket a Jupiter to show that something was getting done for the money paid for the Jupiter project is typical of the changes-of-name that take place in military industries." I'm not so sure about this... it seems a little POV'd, and not really on target for the Jupiter-C rocket article. If there's no response, I'll go ahead and delete.Sjcodysseus 05:16, 6 December 2005 (UTC)

Contradiction
The date of the maiden flight in the table differs from that in the main article.

RE: The date in the maiden table refers to the first orbital flight, which isn't clearly labeled. Also, the burnout time listed in the table (120 s) refers to the burnout time of the original Redstone without the increased tankage. It's not clear which of the two figures given in the text (155 s and 157 s) is correct, but I can say that 155 seconds is the amount of time the Rocketdyne engine would take to burn all of the fuel at 100% throttle.

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the . Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

PAGE MOVED per discussion below. -GTBacchus(talk) 11:37, 17 September 2006 (UTC)

Requested move
Jupiter-C (rocket) → Jupiter-C – Unnecisarry Disambiguation GW_SimulationsUser Page 16:27, 10 September 2006 (UTC)

Survey
Add "* Support" or "* Oppose" followed by an optional one-sentence explanation, then sign your opinion with ~
 * Support per nom and other recent rocket articles. David Kernow 01:43, 11 September 2006 (UTC)

Discussion
Add any additional comments
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Cleanup and split

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the . Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the discussion was to split.-- GW_SimulationsUser Page 23:30, 22 September 2006 (UTC) This article seems to conflate the Jupiter IRBM, the Jupiter-C sounding rocket, and the Juno I launch vehicle:
 * The Jupiter was an IRBM, and the Jupiter-C was not so the lead is clearly incorrect.
 * The Jupiter-C was a 3-stage sounding rocket, which was used to test re-entry vehicles.
 * The 4-stage launch vehicle described in much of the article is the Juno I, which was used to orbit satellites, including Explorer 1. It is commonly confused with the Jupiter-C because the only real difference is the presence of the upper stage. Even some official sources get this wrong from time to time.

Therefore, I propose that this article is cleaned up, and information on the Juno is split out to a seperate article. I would be happy to do this if consensus (or lack of objection) is reached. -- GW_SimulationsUser Page 13:16, 17 September 2006 (UTC)

Sounds like a good idea, GW.Fl295 16:44, 17 September 2006 (UTC)

It's been more than 5 days, no objections, so I am carrying out the split. -- GW_SimulationsUser Page 23:30, 22 September 2006 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Confusion between Juno I and Jupiter-C

 * Confusion remains, both Juno I and Jupiter-C pages claims they launched Explorer 1 - phe 23:57, 13 November 2006 (UTC)

Jupiter C was NOT a sounding rocket Mark Lincoln (talk) 16:56, 14 May 2015 (UTC)
Jupiter C, like the Jupiter A which preceded, it was NOT a Sounding rocket. It was a research and development vehicle. This clearly stated in two Redstone Arsenal histories. "1 March 57 The first JUPITER R&D missile was fired, but the flight was unsuccessful."and "5 May 57 JUPITER C Missile RS-34 was fired to test thermal behavior of a scaled-down version of the JUPITER nose cone during reentry. The nose cone was not recovered; however, instrument contact with the cone through reentry indicated that the ablative-type heat protection for warheads was successful." See http://history.redstone.army.mil/ihist-1957.html

There is alsoclear mention of the purpose of the Jupiter C in the Redstone Arsenal history of the Jupiter program "In the beginning, a 50-missile test program was planned involving a composite of JUPITER C’s for re-entry vehicle tests, JUPITER A’s for component testing, and the JUPITER configured missile." and "The actual flight testing in support of JUPITER development was divided into three phases. Two of these used the REDSTONE as the flight test vehicle to prove out JUPITER components. Designated as JUPITER A’s, 25 missiles were fired between September 1955 and June 1958. Objectives of these tests were to obtain design criteria, apply the angle-of-attack meter to the IRBM, evolve separation procedures, prove guidance system accuracy, and design and prove propulsion system thrust control. To solve the re-entry problem, three missiles designated as JUPITER C’s were flown. As to the tally, 20 of the 25 JUPITER A’s were rated as mission achieved, two registered partial successes, and three were considered to be unsuccessful." See http://history.redstone.army.mil/space-jupiter.html

Jupiter C was renamed Juno I when modified as a satellite launch vehicle to meet the Eisenhower administration desire that a non-military vehicle be used to launch the first American satellite. (See: McDougal, Walter A. the heavens and the Earth a Political History of the Space Age, 1985 Basic Books NY ISBN 0-465-02887-Xpg 123) The Army considered the "Juno !" as a Jupiter C. (See http://history.redstone.army.mil/ihist-1958.html)

Scope of the Jupiter C program
The Jupiter C was created to perform nose cone development for the Jupiter IRBM. "Several of these rockets were assembled, but only three were flown as Jupiter reentry test vehicles (RS-27 on 20 September 1956, RS-34 on 15 May 1957, and RS-40 on 8 August 1957)." " Eighty-four days later, on 31 January 1958, the Army Ballistic Missile Agency launched the first U.S. satellite-Explorer I-into orbit. Following this successful launch, five more of these modified Jupiter-C missiles (subsequently redesignated Juno I) were launched in attempts to place additional Explorer satellites in orbit. Three of these attempts ended in failure. They were: Explorer II, RS-26, on 5 March 1958; Explorer V, RS-47, on 24 August 1958; and Explorer VI, RS-49, on 23 October 1958 The other two successful ones were Explorer III, RS~24, on 26 March 1958 and Explorer IV, RS-44, on 26 July 1958." See: http://history.redstone.army.mil/space-explorer.html

That is there were nine Jupiter C/Juno I launches Mark Lincoln (talk) 18:26, 14 May 2015 (UTC)

As for the renaming of the Jupiter C the credit for coming up with the name Juno goes to Dr. William Pickering. "On November 18, 1957 Dr. William Pickering, head of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, suggested to Medaris that the satellite-bearing version of the Jupiter C be renamed Juno." See: http://spaceline.org/rocketsum/jupiter-c.html Today not even NASA adheres to the fiction that Americas first satellite was launched by a "civilian" rocket. See: http://history.nasa.gov/sputnik/expinfo.html

The Jupiter C was developed into the Mercury Redstone vehicle See: http://history.msfc.nasa.gov/mercury/msfc_role.html

The name Juno II was used for the Jupiter missile when used to launch space probes See: http://history.msfc.nasa.gov/juno/juno.pdf

Why two changes
First the name of the Jupiter C's engine was 75-110-A-7. "A-7" was just a nickname. http://www.enginehistory.org/Museums/USSRC/USSRC_Redstone.shtml

Most Jupiter C's had four stages. The first three Jupiter Cs were limited to 3 in order to keep the Army from launching a satellite. "For these tests, the Agency used the composite rocket, first proposed for use in Project Orbiter. . . The final stage, intended to orbit a satellite in its former configuration, was replaced by a scaled-down Jupiter nose cone."

Mark Lincoln (talk) 22:08, 29 February 2016 (UTC)

Per JPL Technical Report No. 32-31 Juno Final Report Volume I Juno I: Re-entry Test Vehicles and Explorer Satellites

https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=2096664633806173&set=p.2096664633806173&type=3&__cft__[0]=AZWbcYlAD222BBLv-ZtZ9dnIYVM8E6BkK9XNZgkJxkSZ6rF4bcGNSmrvAS52vi2DlztNdYk7YQY73LApt4RAkE5LX6hNUBdRW778qA34kzHpjN42TOA3RU_y4IViphgJdPtVI7LJH9AGWG3Veryyo6xjoUY6fgkWCjV82n_FyqNGOfU3ECxV2skgaeFeG8Sj34Y&__tn__=R]-R — Preceding unsigned comment added by 107.145.132.121 (talk) 21:23, 9 February 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Jupiter-C


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Albemarle Club

The Albemarle Club was a private members' club at 13 Albemarle Street, London, founded in 1874 and open to both men and women. It closed in 1941.

History
The club opened on 29 May 1874 with the aim to be available to both men and women. It formed under a committee formed of both sexes, under the presidency of James Stansfeld, Member of Parliament for Halifax. It had initially set the limit for members at 600, with some 350 elected two weeks prior to opening. The club came in for criticism because of its progressive view of women's rights, but also saw supporters join its ranks such as Edward Cortenay MP. However, it was not immediately popular and by January 1879, it had to raise the subscription fees in order to make up the shortfall due to the lack of numbers. A year later, it was said to have suffered from more withdrawals than new admissions and this was blamed on the poor quality of the food being served there. However, by the end of the decade, memberships had reached 600 and the club was considering moving to larger premises.

On 28 February 1895, the club became notorious for being the location of the incident that began the first trial of Oscar Wilde, who was a member of the Albemarle. The Marquess of Queensberry burst into the club, demanding to see Wilde. His entry was blocked by the porter, so instead Queensberry left a calling card with the note "For Oscar Wilde, posing somdomite [sic]". This resulted in Wilde's failed libel action (Wilde v. Queensberry) and subsequent criminal prosecution (Regina v. Wilde).

At the turn of the 20th century, the club remained successful with vacancies only usually arising through the deaths of current members.

Because of the club's prominent place in the proceedings, and its being named at the trial, it fell into disrepute. Seeking to distance itself, it moved into Ely House at 37 Dover Street in 1909. The site underwent a refit in 1910 to make the premises better suited to the club; it had previously been used as a residence for the Bishop of Ely. The club closed in 1941.

title: Albemarle Club


text:
Rosalía Mera

Rosalía Mera Goyenechea (28 January 1944 – 15 August 2013) was a Spanish businesswoman and entrepreneur. At the time of her death, she was the richest woman in Spain and the world's richest self-made woman. In 1975, she co-founded the Zara retail chain with her then-husband Amancio Ortega Gaona. The company grew to become the world's largest fashion retailer.

Early life and education
Rosalia Mera Goyenechea was born in A Coruña, Galicia, Spain on 28 January 1944. She dropped out of school at age eleven to work as a sales assistant in a clothing shop.

Career
Mera began designing gowns and lingerie in her home with her then-husband, Amancio Ortega Gaona. The couple opened the first Zara store in 1975 in A Coruña. Eventually the couple parlayed their work into a multi-billion dollar enterprise. Zara's success was in part due to its strategy of imitating popular fashions and quickly making them for sale at inexpensive prices.

Ten years after the opening of the first Zara store, Inditex was established as a holding company for the couple's businesses. Inditex now comprises multiple fashion companies, of which Zara is the flagship. The company also owns the retailers Bershka, Massimo Dutti, Oysho, Pull & Bear, Stradivarius, Uterque and Zara Home. Inditex now has over 6000+ stores in over 86 countries and over 120,000 employees. Despite her 1986 divorce from Ortega, Mera retained a 7% stake in the company.

Mera also owned interests in a company which made fingerprinting identification kits for newborns and another company, Zeltia, which carries out research into cancer fighting compounds of both synthetic and natural origin and particularly those bioactive compounds originating in the ocean.

According to the 2013 Forbes billionaire list, Mera was the world's wealthiest self-made female entrepreneur, with a net worth of over $6 billion. She was the second-wealthiest person from Spain, second only to her ex-husband.

Political and philanthropic activities
Mera opposed conservative Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy's plans to make Spain's abortion laws more restrictive. She also opposed austerity cutbacks to Spain's national healthcare and education programmes.

Mera established the Paideia Foundation which works with groups in risk of social exclusion.

Personal life
Mera married Amancio Ortega Gaona in 1966. The couple had a daughter, Sandra in 1968. and also had a son, Marcos in 1971, who was born with cerebral palsy. The couple divorced in 1986.

Death
On 14 August 2013, Mera was admitted to a hospital in Menorca in an ‘irreversible situation’ after suffering a stroke. The family had been on holiday in Menorca. Mera died on 15 August 2013 in A Coruña. She had been transferred by plane to the port city and then by ambulance to the Hospital San Rafael de A Coruña where she later died of complications. Inditex confirmed Mera's death on 16 August 2013, stating "The group wishes to send its sincere condolences to her loved ones and friends at this extremely difficult time, after the loss of a person who contributed so much to the origins and development of the company." She was buried in the cemetery of the church of Santa Eulalia of Liáns, in Oleiros (A Coruña).

Her daughter Sandra Ortega Mera inherited her wealth, and became Spain's richest woman with a net wealth of $6.1 billion.

title: Rosalía Mera


text:
Talk:Lindsey Naegle

Untitled
I respectfully suggest that this page be merged into List of recurring characters from The Simpsons, where Lindsey Naegle already has a mention. She's (IMHO) one of the less notable recurring characters; less recognized than, say, Gil, Bumblebee Man, or other Simpsons characters who don't have their own articles. stephenw32768 19:56, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lindsey Naegle


text:
Jamie Cho

Jamie Cho is an English actor and director. His work includes Batman Begins (2005), The Dark Knight (2008), Acquitted (2015) and Doctor Who (2023).

Early life
Cho was born in London, U.K. to an English-Irish mother and Chinese father. He grew up in Surrey, attending Glyn Boys School and studied Sports Science & Psychology at Southampton University.

Career
After graduating university, Cho followed his lifelong passion and embarked on a career in film and TV. Initially working in commercials using martial arts skills learned from his father. He subsequently trained as an actor at the Ivana Chubbuck Studio in Los Angeles. His work includes -  “Batman Begins”, “The Dark Knight”, “Eastenders”, ”Acquitted” and Doctor Who.

Writing and directing
In 2013, Cho co-founded the production company, Sentient Films which has produced factual and brand content for television and online channels. In 2015 the company produced the TV show, “Ching’s Amazing Asia”  which Cho produced and directed. He is currently in development with his first feature film screenplay.

title: Jamie Cho


text:
The Boondocks (TV series)

The Boondocks is an American anime-influenced adult animated sitcom created by Aaron McGruder for Cartoon Network's late-night programming block, Adult Swim. It is based upon his manga-influenced comic strip of the same name. The series premiered on November 6, 2005. The show focuses on a Black American family, the Freemans, settling into the fictional, friendly and predominantly white suburb of Woodcrest. The perspective offered by this mixture of cultures, lifestyles, social classes, stereotypes, viewpoints and racialized identities provides for much of the series' satire, comedy, and conflict.

The series ended its run on June 23, 2014, with a total of 55 episodes over the course of the show's four seasons, the last of which was produced without any involvement from McGruder, reportedly because "a mutually agreeable production schedule could not be determined". The series also has aired in syndication outside the United States and has been released on various DVD sets and other forms of home media.

The Boondocks has received several accolades including an NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Writing in a Comedy Series and a Peabody Award. On June 12, 2019, it was announced that Sony Pictures Animation would be producing a reboot of the television series that was set to premiere in 2022 with McGruder's involvement; John Witherspoon was also attached to the project to reprise his role as Robert Freeman before his death on October 29, 2019. On September 18, 2019, it was announced that HBO Max had picked up the reboot with a two-season order. The two seasons were set to consist of twelve episodes each. On February 2, 2022, it was revealed that development had been canceled and that the project was shelved.

Development and production
The Boondocks began as a comic strip on Hitlist.com, one of the first music websites. The strip later found its way into The Source magazine. Following these runs, McGruder began simultaneously pitching The Boondocks as both a syndicated comic strip and an animated television series. The former goal was met first, and The Boondocks debuted in newspapers in April 1999.

In the meantime, the development of the TV series continued. McGruder and film producer/director Reginald Hudlin (President of Entertainment for BET from 2005 to 2008) created a Boondocks pilot for the Fox network, but found great difficulty in making the series acceptable for network television. Hudlin left the project after the Fox deal fell through, though McGruder and Sony Pictures Television were contractually obligated to credit him as an executive producer for the first two seasons. Mike Lazzo, president of Adult Swim and executive producer for Aqua Teen Hunger Force and Space Ghost Coast to Coast, stumbled across the pilot and declared it "too networky". He then ordered a 15-episode season and told McGruder to "just tell stories".

The series has a loose connection with the continuity of the comic strip, though during the final year of the strip McGruder made a point to try to synchronize them. He introduced Uncle Ruckus into the strip, and the comic-strip version of Riley's hair was braided into cornrows to match the character's hair in the series. During Season 1, McGruder put the strip on a 6-month hiatus beginning in March 2006. He did not return to the strip the following November, and the strip's syndicate, Universal Press Syndicate, announced that it had been canceled.

The opening theme song used in the series (slightly remixed for Season 2 and 3) is performed by hip-hop artist Asheru.

The series was produced in widescreen since the beginning, but the image was cropped to accommodate the 4:3 aspect ratio at the time of their original broadcasts as well as reruns. Adult Swim rarely crops widescreen material. Since the third season, the series has been produced in 16:9 high definition and presented in its original aspect ratio and resolution.

In 2014, it was announced that McGruder would not be involved in the show's fourth season. Adult Swim stated, "a mutually agreeable production schedule could not be determined." The fourth season premiered on April 21, 2014, ending its run on June 23, 2014.

Setting
The series opens with the Freemans settling into the fictional, peaceful, and mostly white suburb of Woodcrest. Evidence for the real-world location of the fictional Woodcrest is mixed. Proponents of the Chicago's South Side theory cite the real-life suburb of Crestwood, Illinois and the similarity of the two names. The first season features several Chicago landmarks: a skyline shot showing the Willis Tower, Grant Park, buildings of the Michigan Avenue Historic District, and Lake Michigan; as well as elevated rapid transit endemic to the city, resembling the Chicago "L". More conclusive evidence is presented in "The Trial of Robert Kelly", in which Riley asks Grandad, "Can you take us into the city tomorrow to watch the R. Kelly trial?". Grandad denies his request and tells him to walk, and Riley replies "But it's 40 miles!" R. Kelly is from Chicago, and his trial was held there, giving more evidence that The Boondocks is in fact set in Illinois. Another reference to Chicago is Martin Luther King Drive, a major street running through the South Side of Chicago, mentioned for its violent activity in the 9th episode of season 1, "Return of the King". Additionally, in "Let's Nab Oprah", Ed Wuncler III, Gin Rummy and Riley go to Oprah Winfrey's television studio in an attempt to kidnap her. The Oprah Winfrey Show was recorded at Harpo Studios in Near West Side Chicago.

Proponents of the Columbia, Maryland theory cite other evidence, such as McGruder's own childhood there, where his father worked for the National Transportation Safety Board. In the comics, Huey's cellphone number has a 443 area code, which belongs to the Baltimore metropolitan area. In "Wingmen", the Freemans fly "home" to Chicago, where they lived before moving to Woodcrest, to attend a funeral. In "The Fried Chicken Flu", a reporter on a passing television screen reports on the titular disease's effect on the state of Maryland. In addition, in Season 4's first episode, "Pretty Boy Flizzy", a man references an upcoming concert at Woodcrest Post Pavilion, which may be a play on Columbia's notable concert venue Merriweather Post Pavilion.

Characters

 * Huey Freeman (voiced by Regina King) – 10-year-old Huey Freeman is the family's moral compass and voice of reason. He is an intelligent, wise-beyond-his-years avid reader who is knowledgeable about a variety of subjects. He is heavily influenced by the theories of various left-wing social movements and social justice leaders. His brother and grandfather constantly ridicule and underestimate him, thinking he is a fool to have goals and values that aim higher than the expectations of mainstream American culture. It is mentioned that he has been declared a "domestic terrorist". While he promotes various social causes, he is openly contemptuous of gangsta rap/hip hop as portrayed in mainstream media for glamorizing wasteful extravagance, self-defeating lifestyles, and ignorance. Huey, unlike the other characters, rarely smiles; in the episode "Let's Nab Oprah" he smiles after his duel with Riley; he also smiles when Riley begins to win basketball games in "Ballin'". He is a highly skilled kung-fu fighter, and beats Riley with ease in any physical altercation between the two. He has only lost to a few opponents.
 * Riley Freeman (voiced by Regina King) – Riley Freeman is Huey's mischievous, rebellious, and highly impressionable 8-year-old brother, who is enthusiastic follower and fanatic of gangsta rap and street culture. Though he is otherwise charming, clever, and artistically gifted, Riley maintains loyalty to gangsta rap ideals, even in the face of their self-destructive consequences. In "The Fundraiser" Huey tries to warn him directly about the foregone conclusions of his poor decisions, but Riley offhandedly rebuffs him. The bulk of the series focuses on Riley's misadventures (most of which are fueled by his love of gangsta rap and a desire to emulate other people he admires) or on his various outlandish schemes, which his grandfather often endorses and aids. Despite his wild nature and attempts to appear tough, Riley occasionally shows a softer, innocent side. While his brother practices martial arts, Riley is skilled in street fighting, as shown in "Home Alone" and "Smokin' with Cigarettes".
 * Robert Jebediah "Granddad" Freeman (voiced by John Witherspoon) – is the grandfather and legal guardian of Huey and Riley. While he loves his two grandsons, he sometimes explodes in tirades of angry frustration over their wisecracking observations, constant schemes, and misadventures, although he has his own moments; for instance, his eagerly misguided dating pursuits unwittingly attract bizarre or dangerous women. According to Season 3's "It's a Black President, Huey Freeman", "Nobody knows exactly how old Robert Freeman is—not even himself." Robert often threatens to discipline his grandsons, mainly Riley with Three Stooges-style corporal punishment and has developed a remarkable degree of speed and dexterity in wielding his belt for this purpose. He was an avid civil rights activist in his young adult years.

Episodes
Both the comic strip and the cartoon were influenced by McGruder's love of anime and manga. He cites Cowboy Bebop and Samurai Champloo as sources of inspiration for the series' fight scenes. The opening sequence of Season 1 contains similarities to that of Samurai Champloo. Some of the humor is based on the characters' anime-style movements. In 2006, McGruder explained in an interview, "We now have a Japanese anime studio named Madhouse to help us out", but at some point, the deal with Madhouse fell through. Instead, the Emmy Award-winning South Korean studio Moi Animation, handled the animation for season two onwards. As a result, the following seasons of the series have more detailed animation, as well as minor updates for most of the character designs.

The episode "Pause" presents a thinly veiled parody of Tyler Perry, presented as using his religion to hide his cross-dressing. The episode reportedly angered Perry, with the network responding to his complaints by saying that they should have warned him before the episode aired.

While the series was originally going to end with the third season, on March 21, 2014, it was revealed via press release from Adult Swim that The Boondocks would return for a fourth and final season. It was later revealed that the fourth season would be produced without the involvement of the series creator Aaron McGruder. The reason cited for the split between the creator and the company was a disagreement over the production schedule. The fourth and final season was co-produced and animated by South Korean studio Studio Mir.

Political criticism
The Boondocks gives commentary on American politics from a black left-wing perspective. The series accomplishes this by using satire and controversial statements, such as the opening lines of the series, "Jesus was Black, Ronald Reagan was the devil, and the government is lying about 9/11." The show has also given input on subjects like the American government's response to Hurricane Katrina, the Iraq War, and other controversial political events that took place throughout the 2000s. When asked about the show and the approaches taken that make it so controversial, series creator Aaron McGruder said, "I just hope to expand the dialogue and hope the show will challenge people to think about things they wouldn't normally think about, or think about it in a very different way."

Black cultural relevance and critique
The series typically features appearances by well-known entities (singers, rappers, public figures) within Black popular culture as well as parodies of them. Episodes often feature cameos, as in the episode "Let's Nab Oprah", which features appearances from Oprah Winfrey, Maya Angelou, and Bill Cosby. Other appearances and parodies within the show include R. Kelly on trial for sexual misconduct accusations, DMX's disbelief when told about Barack Obama running for president in an interview, and an episode that mimicked Juice. The series also parodies famous news reports including a broadcast in which a freshman in high school was called a "nigga" by his teacher, who thought the word was acceptable to use. The Boondocks recreates this incident with Riley and his teacher.

The series often challenges the ways African Americans behave and think. It has used sardonic humor to teach lessons and get people thinking since it was a comic strip, critiquing the behavior of famous African Americans throughout the early 2000s. McGruder was interviewed by Nightline in early 2006 on the episode "Return of the King", which sparked much controversy after Martin Luther King Jr. was portrayed reprimanding a crowd of African Americans for being lazy and unaware of their political climate. In the interview, McGruder said, "In the episode, King is critical of our apathy and inactivity... We carry the blame of our own apathy and inactivity... We deserve to take a look at that and be honest about it."

Use of the word "nigga"
The Boondocks is known for its frequent usage of the word "nigga", which has been a source of controversy for the show throughout its tenure. McGruder once said about the word, "I think it makes the show sincere... the word Nigga is used so commonly now, not only by myself but people I know, that I feel it's fake to write around it and not use it." He also said in a 2005 ABC News article, "This isn't the nigga show... I just wish we would expand the dialogue and evolve past the same conversation that we've had over the past 30 years about race in our country."

Exploration of Black ideology and identity
Writer Terence Latimer asserts that many of the characters in The Boondocks can be seen as caricatures and personifications of recurring identities and ideologies in the Black-American community: Riley Freeman personifies Black pop culture, Huey Freeman represents Black counterculture, Jazmine Dubois is representative of biraciality and loss of innocence in the Black-American community, Uncle Ruckus is a caricature of internalized racism, and Granddad Freeman represents the older, disciplinarian generation struggling to adjust in a new era. In his essay for The Culture Crypt, Niall Smith echoed Latimer's statements but focused on brothers Huey and Riley Freeman for much of his analysis, arguing that through them the series is able to achieve much of the satire and critiques of the Black-American community. Smith also notes the importance of secondary characters such as Sarah Dubois, who—through her liking to womanizers and caricatures such as Usher, Pretty Boy Flizzy, and a Stinkmeaner-possessed Tom Dubois—serves to show "how society fetishes [sic] and reduces Black men to their most animalistic and negative qualities to appease others".

Reception
The Boondocks received critical acclaim even though the fourth and final season was poorly received. Several websites listed it as one of the greatest animated series of all time. In January 2006, it was nominated for Outstanding Comedy Series at the 37th NAACP Image Awards alongside The Bernie Mac Show, Everybody Hates Chris, Girlfriends, and Half & Half. The show won a Special Honorary Academy Award Of Merit in 2006 for the episode "Return of the King", which recognized George Foster Peabody as the Breakout Visionary Achievement In Excellence, For The Most Historic Landmark-In-Crowning-Achievement Milestone In History. The first season garnered a score of 72 out of 100 on Metacritic based on 21 reviews and a 59% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 17 reviews, with an average rating of 8.10/10. IGN named it the 94th-best animated series, describing it as a sharp satirical look at American society.

Critic Jeffrey M. Anderson of the San Francisco Examiner said, "Each episode is beautifully crafted, with an eye on lush, shadowy visuals and a pulsing, jazz-like rhythm... the show is almost consistently funny, consistently brilliant, and, best of all, compulsively watchable."

Mike Hale of the New York Times has considered The Boondocks among the top television shows of 2010, citing "Pause" as a "painfully funny" satire of Tyler Perry being portrayed as a superstar actor and a leader of a homoerotic cult. In 2013, IGN placed The Boondocks as number 17 on their list of Top 25 animated series for adults.

Criticism and controversy
The Boondocks has been a frequent subject of controversy since its comic-strip debut in 1999, with ABC News noting, "Fans and critics of The Boondocks loved and hated the strip for the same reasons: its cutting-edge humor and unapologetic, sometimes unpopular, views on various issues, including race, politics, the war on terrorism and the September 11 attacks." Numerous outlets predicted the show would encounter controversy prior to its November 2005 debut, due to its casual use of the word "nigga". In 2006, the Reverend Al Sharpton protested the first-season episode "Return of the King", for Martin Luther King Jr.'s character's use of the word "nigga", saying "Cartoon Network must apologize and also commit to pulling episodes that desecrate black historic figures." Cartoon Network released a statement in response defending McGruder: "We think Aaron McGruder came up with a thought-provoking way of not only showing Dr. King's bravery but also of reminding us of what he stood and fought for, and why even today, it is important for all of us to remember that and to continue to take action," the statement said. The episode was later awarded a Peabody Award for being "an especially daring episode".

During Season 2, two episodes were removed from broadcast without any official word from the network. Originally slated to air on November 16 and December 17, "The Hunger Strike" and "The Uncle Ruckus Reality Show" were both heavily critical of BET. An exclusive clip of "The Hunger Strike" was given to HipHopDX.com in late January 2008, before both episodes were included in full on the Season 2 DVD release in June 2008. An anonymous source close to the show told HipHopDX.com that they heard BET had been pressuring Sony (the studio behind The Boondocks) to ban the episodes and threatened legal action. Cartoon Network publicly stated that "...neither Turner nor Adult Swim were contacted by BET, Ms. Lee or Mr. Hudlin". However, BET's parent company, Viacom, did threaten legal action against Sony if said episodes were broadcast to air in the United States.

Tyler Perry was reportedly infuriated by his depiction in the season 3 episode "Pause", first aired in June 2010, although he has officially given no response. The episode stars Winston Jerome, a parody of Perry, a "closeted, cross-dressing cult leader whose love of the Christian faith is a mask for his true sexuality," in what the Los Angeles Times described as "one of the sharpest public criticisms of Perry". Soon after the episode aired, Perry got in touch with executives at Turner Broadcasting and "complained loudly" about the episode, threatening to rethink his relationship with the company.

In 2010, Time magazine named The Boondocks as fifth out of 10 of the Most Controversial Cartoons of All Time.

In June 2020, when the initial run of The Boondocks was uploaded to HBO Max, the Season 3 episode "The Story of Jimmy Rebel" was intentionally excluded due to perceived racial insensitivities over the episode's portrayal of a racist country singer named Jimmy Rebel (a parody of real-life white supremacist country singer Johnny Rebel). Upon being asked for comment, an Adult Swim representative stated that "When Adult Swim transitions series to a new platform we determine what episodes are selected through creative and cultural filters and our standards and practices policies. Oftentimes these decisions are made in collaboration with the show's creator". Episodes of Aqua Teen Hunger Force and The Shivering Truth were also excluded from the service for similar reasons.

Attempted film spin-off
McGruder launched a Kickstarter campaign to raise $200,000 in order to produce a live-action film focusing on the character Uncle Ruckus. He stated that crowdfunding would be the sole source of funding for the film's budget. The campaign was from January 30 through March 1, 2013, 7:00 p.m. EST, ending with 2,667 backers and $129,963 of the $200,000 goal. The project ultimately never got off the ground.

Canceled reboot
On February 6, 2019, McGruder revived the comic strip on Instagram, with the help of former supervising director Seung Eun Kim. A series of one-shots were posted to Charlamagne tha God's Instagram page. On May 29, 2019, voice actor John Witherspoon announced on Joe Rogan's 1305th episode of The Joe Rogan Experience that the series would return. At Annecy 2019, on June 12, 2019, Sony Pictures Animation announced it would be producing a "reimagining" of The Boondocks to be co-produced with Sony Pictures Television.

On September 18, 2019, it was announced that the reboot had been picked up with a two-season order for WarnerMedia's then-upcoming streaming service HBO Max. It was also announced that McGruder would return as showrunner and serve as executive producer along with Norm Aladjem, Seung Kim and Meghann Collins Robertson. The series would premiere with a 50-minute special, with each season consisting of twelve episodes. The reboot was originally set to begin with the Freemans settling into Woodcrest; and would follow them as they go on to fight the regime of Uncle Ruckus, who rules over the community government.

Witherspoon died on October 29, 2019. On February 3, 2022, Cedric Yarbrough said in an interview that Sony Pictures Television had "pulled the plug" on development of the series. However, it was reported that Sony was looking at alternative options. In February 2023, Gary Anthony Williams said that the reason for the reboot's cancellation was that it took too long to make. Williams also revealed he had finished voiceover recordings for eight episodes as Uncle Ruckus before the cancellation.

International broadcast
Outside the U.S., The Boondocks airs on NITV and The Comedy Channel in Australia. In Canada, Teletoon aired the first two seasons as part of its late-night Teletoon at Night programming block, including several episodes that didn't air in the U.S. It also aired in Quebec on Télétoon's Télétoon la nuit block on March 9, 2007. Sony Entertainment Television (and later Sony Max) as well as Vuzu broadcasts the show in South Africa. It has also been aired on TV3 and TV6 in Sweden, and it aired in New Zealand on Comedy Central. MTV Italy and Comedy Central Italy in Italy, and on TV3+ in Denmark.

In Bulgaria, The Boondocks ' 4th season is aired on channel Nova as Boondocks. In Russia, The Boondocks is aired on channel 2×2 under the name of Гетто (Getto, Russian for Ghetto). In Poland, it is broadcast on AXN Spin as Boondocks. In France, it airs on MCM. It airs on Sony Entertainment Television in Latin America, as well as Sony Yay in India. It also airs uncensored and uncut in the Arab World on OSN.

In Japan, it was broadcast on Animax but Seasons 1 and 2 only. That intro theme song is Megalopolis Patrol by the Japanese hip-hop trio, Soul'd Out. It also aired in Latin America on Animax (Latin America).

Home media
All four seasons have been released on DVD by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment, both individually and as a box set spanning the entire series. Seasons 1 and 2 are presented in the original 16:9 aspect ratio used for production, rather than the 4:3 ratio achieved by cropping the image to fit television screens in use at the time of their original airing. The 16:9 ratio was used for broadcasts of Seasons 3 and 4 and is preserved on the DVD sets.

The Boondocks was also released on iTunes and Amazon Video. Season 1 was also released on UMD.

title: The Boondocks (TV series)


text:
Gone Away (song)

"Gone Away" is a song by American rock band the Offspring. Written by the band's singer, Dexter Holland, it is the seventh track on the band's fourth studio album, Ixnay on the Hombre (1997), and was released as its second single. It also appears as the sixth track on Greatest Hits (2005). A piano version of the song features as the eleventh track on the group's tenth studio album Let the Bad Times Roll (2021).

The song became the Offspring's first No. 1 on the Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks, while reaching No. 4 on the Hot Modern Rock Tracks chart. Through 2009, the band played "Gone Away" with Holland performing on piano throughout Europe and the United States. Two of the tracks from this single ("D.U.I." and "Hey Joe") appear on the band's 2010 compilation album, Happy Hour!.

Track listing

 * CD single

 * 7" black vinyl

 * Promo CD

 * 2021 version

The Offspring

 * Dexter Holland – lead and backing vocals, rhythm guitar
 * Noodles – lead guitar, backing vocals
 * Greg K. – bass, backing vocals
 * Ron Welty – drums

Sales
The single reached Gold in Australia, selling 35,000 copies.

Music video
The music video, shot in grainy quality, was directed by Nigel Dick and was filmed on February 11, 1997 at the Morrell Meat Building in Los Angeles. It shows the band playing in a dark, and apparently abandoned slaughterhouse. Dexter Holland, for most of the video, sings to a shining hanging light bulb. He is the only band member to interact with this bulb, though other lightbulbs are shown in each band member's respective rooms. Dexter also sings into a suspended microphone which is also used in the video; it swings back and forth as the video fades to black.

DVD appearances
The music video appears on the Complete Music Video Collection DVD, released in 2005. The DVD also contains a storyboard version of the video (with the storyboard playing over top the music video).

Rock Band
The song was made available as downloadable content in the Rock Band series on October 7, 2008. It appeared in the first Offspring pack along with "Pretty Fly (for a White Guy)" and "Self Esteem".

Notable cover versions

 * Five Finger Death Punch covered the song on their 2017 compilation album, A Decade of Destruction, and on their 2018 studio album, And Justice for None. Their version peaked at No. 2 on Billboard's Mainstream Rock Airplay chart in April 2018.

title: Gone Away (song)


text: File:CountryBearJamboree Poster.png

title: File:CountryBearJamboree Poster.png


text:
Vanessa Nygaard

Vanessa Nygaard (born March 13, 1975, in Scottsdale, Arizona) is a professional basketball coach and former player in the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA). She is the former head coach for the Phoenix Mercury.

Stanford University
After graduating from high school in Carlsbad, California, Nygaard attended Stanford University from 1993 to 1998, and was a star player for their women's basketball team, known as The Cardinal. During her time there, the team accumulated a combined 113-14 won-loss record, including an impressive 69-2 within the Pacific-10 Conference, and reached three Final Fours. Nygaard graduated in 1998, majoring in American Studies.

Playing career
After graduating from Stanford, Nygaard began her six-year career in the WNBA. She was selected by the New York Liberty in the fourth round (39th overall pick) of the 1998 WNBA draft. She missed the 1998 and most of the 1999 seasons due to injury, but joined the starting lineup with the Portland Fire team in 2000 and 2001 and with the Miami Sol team in 2002. She also played for the Cleveland Rockers, the Charlotte Sting, and the Los Angeles Sparks. Prior to the 2004 WNBA season began, Nygaard signed a free agent contract with the Houston Comets, but was waived by the team during training camp. She signed another contract with the Comets prior to the 2005 season, but decided to announce her retirement instead. Her best season came with the Sol in 2002, when she averaged 7.9 points and 3.8 rebounds per game.

During the WNBA off-season, she played in professional basketball leagues in Europe, including Germany (2001), Spain (1999) and Italy (1998).

Coaching career
In 2003, Nygaard became an assistant coach for the women's basketball team at California State University, Long Beach. The following year, in June 2004, she was hired as an assistant coach with Pepperdine University.

In 2008, she was named as an assistant coach for the San Antonio Silver Stars and helped the team to appear in the WNBA Finals, before losing to the Detroit Shock.

Nygaard took over as head coach of the girls' basketball team at Windward School in 2012-13. She has coached the team to three state titles, in 2013, 2017, and 2018.

In 2017, she joined USA Basketball as an assistant coach, helping lead the team during the 2017 FIBA America's Under-16 Championship and the 2018 FIBA Under-17 World Cup.

In 2021, she joined head coach Bill Laimbeer on the Las Vegas Aces staff as an assistant coach.

Nygaard was named as the head coach of the Phoenix Mercury on January 24, 2022. The Mercury fired Nygaard on June 25, 2023, after starting the 2023 season 2–10.

Regular season

 * align="left" | 1998
 * style="text-align:center;" colspan="13" |Did not play (waived)
 * align="left" | 1999
 * align="left" | Cleveland
 * 4||0||5.0||50.0||50.0||0.0||0.8||0.5||0.5||0.0||0.5||0.8
 * align="left" | 2000
 * align="left" | Portland
 * 32||28||26.3||43.5||33.3||75.9||3.8||0.9||0.5||0.2||1.2||7.9
 * align="left" | 2001
 * align="left" | Portland
 * 31||0||8.4||38.9||38.8||33.3||1.1||0.3||0.2||0.1||0.5||2.5
 * align="left" | 2002
 * align="left" | Miami
 * 29||22||15.3||42.6||37.5||76.9||2.3||0.3||0.4||0.0||0.4||4.1
 * align="left" | 2003
 * align="left" | Los Angeles
 * 11||3||15.3||44.4||35.3||75.0||1.7||0.5||0.3||0.0||0.4||3.7
 * align="left" | Career
 * align="left" | 5 years, 4 teams
 * 107||53||16.2||42.6||36.0||74.3||2.3||0.5||0.4||0.1||0.7||4.6
 * align="left" | 2003
 * align="left" | Los Angeles
 * 11||3||15.3||44.4||35.3||75.0||1.7||0.5||0.3||0.0||0.4||3.7
 * align="left" | Career
 * align="left" | 5 years, 4 teams
 * 107||53||16.2||42.6||36.0||74.3||2.3||0.5||0.4||0.1||0.7||4.6
 * 107||53||16.2||42.6||36.0||74.3||2.3||0.5||0.4||0.1||0.7||4.6

Playoffs

 * align="left" | 2003
 * align="left" | Los Angeles
 * 5||0||4.8||60.0||100.0||0.0||1.0||0.0||0.2||0.2||0.2	||1.6
 * align="left" | Career
 * align="left" | 1 year, 1 team
 * 5||0||4.8||60.0||100.0||0.0||1.0||0.0||0.2||0.2||0.2	||1.6
 * align="left" | 1 year, 1 team
 * 5||0||4.8||60.0||100.0||0.0||1.0||0.0||0.2||0.2||0.2	||1.6

College

 * style="text-align:left;" | 1994–95
 * style="text-align:left;" | Stanford
 * 29||-||-||35.0||24.3||65.0||2.2||0.6||0.4||0.0||-||3.2
 * style="text-align:left;" | 1995–96
 * style="text-align:left;" | Stanford
 * 31||-||-||44.3||38.9||59.0||7.0||2.3||1.1||0.1||-||14.2
 * style="text-align:left;" | 1996–97
 * style="text-align:left;" | Stanford
 * 31||-||-||43.2||36.7||75.0||6.9||2.2||1.4||0.2||-||11.6
 * style="text-align:left;" | 1997–98
 * style="text-align:left;" | Stanford
 * 26||-||-||49.8||45.9||75.7||6.2||2.1||1.2||0.1||-||14.9
 * style="text-align:center;" colspan=2 | Career
 * 117||-||-||44.5||39.2||68.9||5.6||1.8||1.1||0.1||-||10.9
 * - class="sortbottom"
 * style="text-align:center;" colspan="14"|Statistics retrieved from Sports-Reference.
 * style="text-align:center;" colspan=2 | Career
 * 117||-||-||44.5||39.2||68.9||5.6||1.8||1.1||0.1||-||10.9
 * - class="sortbottom"
 * style="text-align:center;" colspan="14"|Statistics retrieved from Sports-Reference.
 * style="text-align:center;" colspan="14"|Statistics retrieved from Sports-Reference.

title: Vanessa Nygaard


text:
User talk:Allofadoodah

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

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Meelar (talk) 19:59, August 19, 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:Maudlin logo.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Maudlin logo.jpg. I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag, so its copyright status is therefore unclear. Please add a tag to let us know its copyright status. (If you created/took the picture then you can use to release it under the GFDL. If you can claim fair use use  .)  If you don't know what any of this means, just let me know on the image description page where you got the images and I'll tag them for you. Otherwise, see Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use. Thanks so much.

I've tagged it as logo for now Zeimusu | Talk page 23:43, 2005 August 31 (UTC)

Dustee Tucker
The article Dustee Tucker has been speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This was done because the article seemed to be about a person, group of people, band, club, company, or web content, but it did not indicate how or why the subject is notable, that is, why an article about that subject should be included in Wikipedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, articles that do not assert notability may be deleted at any time. If you can indicate why the subject is really notable, you are free to re-create the article, making sure to cite any verifiable sources.

Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable, and for specific types of articles, you may want to check out our criteria for biographies, for web sites, for bands, or for companies. Feel free to leave a note on my talk page if you have any questions about this. NawlinWiki 18:04, 6 July 2007 (UTC)

Image:Kari Byron.jpg
This image has been nominated for deletion on Wikimedia Commons due to lack of permission. Please review it or it will be deleted in 7 days. --|EPO| da: 17:08, 21 September 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Allofadoodah


text:
User:Captwheeler

User:Captwheeler/sandbox -- Edit the Sandbox -- Validate the Sandbox

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_page#Deleting_your_own_sub_pages

 Creating a culture of accountability would damage morale.

It All Makes Sense At The End (original song)

title: User:Captwheeler


text:
Talk:Lake Bodom murders

Copyright
This article is taken directly from answers.com: [http://www.answers.com/topic/lake-bodom-murders ] --Sarpedon Achilles 20:01, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

 * And the answers.com article is taken directly from Wikipedia, which is totally okay. bbx 21:03, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

The Reaper?
"The sole survivor, Nils Wilhelm Gustafsson swore he saw the grim reaper murder them." Did he really say something like that? Please tell me more about that... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.184.72.221 (talk) 13:56, 23 July 2009 (UTC)

Update?
Does anyone know when the Answers.com article is updated? Thorri 13:49, 21 August 2005 (UTC)

I think the coordinates (60°14′30″N, 24°40′30″E) for the murder site are wrong. At least the ones in googlemaps are closer. Does anyone know the official coordinates? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 213.28.159.66 (talk) 14:44, 26 July 2007 (UTC)

POV
This article need copyediting, and seriously. "Insane person" - when we don't even know who did it. Cold-bloodedly? Now we're accusing the murderer even more. Argh. --84.249.252.211 21:38, 9 March 2006 (UTC)

VFD?
I propose the removal of this article, since the reasons for, and the perpetrator of, the deaths of the three deceased, are likely to never be solved. Case closed. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.231.180.225 (talk) 11:58, 30 March 2006 (UTC)
 * It is a very notable case, therefore it belongs to Wikipedia. Case closed. -- TonyM ｷﾀ━( °∀° )━ｯ!!  10:47, 31 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Actually, did these murders ever happen? I've no doubt that three died. My condolences to their relatives. I mean, where is the proof that these were murders? Case closed. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.231.180.225 (talk) 09:37, 1 April 2006 (UTC)
 * There is evidence which points out to a homicide. And even if it wasn't actually a homicide and the authorities would aknowledge that, this case would still be notable because of the trial and all. -- TonyM ｷﾀ━( °∀° )━ｯ!!  15:56, 1 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Heh, this was the funniest comment I've read all year. If four people turn up stabbed, three to death, I'd say a homicide is a foregone conclusion. --Agamemnon2 05:49, 28 June 2006 (UTC)

Hmmmmm 3 people killed by an insane East German Stasi agent that confesessed to the murders before his death. And you dont want to call it a homicide? Ok i understand....so what do you want to call it? Useless Finn cops, conspiracy, cold war? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Bob Lee Swagger (talk • contribs) 16:52, 20 July 2007 (UTC)

Am I stupid?
It says that there were 4 campers (three dead and one survivor) but right below it there are 5 people (three dead and two survivors). Am I reading something wrong? 128.194.39.41 (talk) 03:53, 8 August 2009 (UTC)

June 5
June 5 which is also mentioned in the Finnish version, is the correct date, not June 4. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 217.64.180.44 (talk) 20:57, 11 May 2010 (UTC)

Turkham?
In the Hans Assman section there is a sentence that begins, "The police had only a brief meeting with Turkham…" The name Turkham only appears this one time on the entire page. It appears to be a reference to Assmann but why the different name? On the linked Wikipedia page for Hans Assmann the word Turkham does not appear at all. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Whalt (talk • contribs) 08:00, 8 October 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 one external links on Lake Bodom murders. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070628204433/http://www.hs.fi:80/english/article/Court%20finds%20Gustafsson%20not%20guilty%20of%201960%20Bodom%20Lake%20triple%20murder/1101981204857 to http://www.hs.fi/english/article/Court%20finds%20Gustafsson%20not%20guilty%20of%201960%20Bodom%20Lake%20triple%20murder/1101981204857
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20081210112643/http://www2.hs.fi:80/english/archive/news.asp?id=20040405IE7 to http://www2.hs.fi/english/archive/news.asp?id=20040405IE7

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Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 01:56, 12 November 2016 (UTC)

How has this not been solved?
oh noes the murdererer is still alive 2001:7E8:C4C6:5001:D824:EF03:12C1:E33 (talk) 13:19, 14 January 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lake Bodom murders


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Www.galloworldfamily.org

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. - Mailer Diablo 17:59, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

Www.galloworldfamily.org
linkspam, nn website Ben-w 19:59, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom — Alexa rank is about 492,000 and Google doesn't even pick up their site. Looks like a means for a distributed familty to keep in touch. -Splash 00:19, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Linkspam. --*drew 07:06, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. NN. Xoloz 20:13, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User:Captwheeler/sandbox

Validate the Sandbox

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title: User:Captwheeler/sandbox


text:
User:Roark26

 * Lars Petrus
 * 2003 American League Division Series

title: User:Roark26


text:
File:Dangeroustatu.jpg

The album cover for t.A.T.u.'s CD Dangerous and Moving.

Rationale of fair use for Dangerous and Moving, t.A.T.u. discography

 * 1) No free or public domain images have been located for this album.
 * 2) The image is of lower resolution than the original cover.
 * 3) The image does not limit the copyright owners' rights to distribute the single in any way.
 * 4) For an article about an album and discography, the cover artwork is very important and adds significantly to the article.
 * 5) This image is used on various websites, so its use on Wikipedia does not make it significantly more accessible than it already is.
 * 6) The cover is being used for informational purposes only.

title: File:Dangeroustatu.jpg


text:
We Wish You a Merry Christmas

"We Wish You a Merry Christmas" is an English Christmas carol, listed as numbers 230 and 9681 in the Roud Folk Song Index. The famous version of the carol is from the English West Country.

Popular version
The Bristol-based composer, conductor and organist Arthur Warrell (1883–1939) is responsible for the popularity of the carol. Warrell, a lecturer at the University of Bristol from 1909, arranged the tune for his own University of Bristol Madrigal Singers as an elaborate four-part arrangement, which he performed with them in concert on December 6, 1935. His composition was published by Oxford University Press the same year under the title "A Merry Christmas: West Country traditional song".

Warrell's arrangement is notable for using "I" instead of "we" in the words; the first line is "I wish you a Merry Christmas". It was subsequently republished in the collection Carols for Choirs (1961), and remains widely performed.

The popular version begins as follows: We wish you a merry Christmas We wish you a merry Christmas We wish you a merry Christmas and a happy new year Good tidings we bring to you and your kin We wish you a merry Christmas and a happy new year.

Many traditional versions of the song have been recorded, some of which replace the last line with "Good tidings for Christmas and a happy new year". In 1971, Roy Palmer recorded George Dunn of Quarry Bank, Staffordshire singing a version close to the famous one, which had a familiar version of the chorus, but used the song "Christmas Is Coming" as the verses; this recording can be heard on the Vaughan Williams Memorial Library website. Amy Ford of Low Ham, Somerset sang a version called "The Singers Make Bold" to Bob and Jacqueline Patten in 1973 which again used a similar chorus to the famous version and can be heard via the British Library Sound Archive. There are several supposedly traditional recordings which follow the famous version exactly, but these are almost certainly derived from Arthur Warrell's arrangement.

History
The greeting "a merry Christmas and a happy New Year" is recorded from the early eighteenth century; however, the history of the carol itself is unclear. Its origin probably lies in the English tradition wherein wealthy people of the community gave Christmas treats to the carolers on Christmas Eve, such as "figgy pudding" that was very much like modern-day Christmas puddings;  in the West Country of England, "figgy pudding" referred to a raisin or plum pudding, not necessarily one containing figs. In the famous version of the song, the singer demands figgy pudding from the audience, threatening to not "go until we get some".

The song is absent from the collections of West-countrymen Davies Gilbert (1822 and 1823) and William Sandys (1833), as well as from the great anthologies of Sylvester (1861) and Husk (1864), and The Oxford Book of Carols (1928). In the comprehensive New Oxford Book of Carols (1992), editors Hugh Keyte and Andrew Parrott describe it as "English traditional" and "[t]he remnant of an envoie much used by wassailers and other luck visitors"; no source or date is given. The famous version of the song was completely unknown outside the West Country before Arthur Warrell popularised it.

"Cellar full of beer" variant
A closely related verse, dating from the 1830s, runs: We wish you a merry Christmas And a happy new year; A pocket full of money, And a cellar full of beer.

It was sung by mummers – townsfolk who would go about singing from door to door to request gifts. An example is given in the short story The Christmas Mummers (1858) by Charlotte Yonge: "When at last they were all ready, off they marched, with all the little boys and girls running behind them; and went straight to Farmer Buller’s door, where they knew they should find a welcome. They all stood in a row, and began to sing as loud as they were able:I wish you a merry Christmas And a happy New Year, A pantryful of good roast-beef, And barrels full of beer." After they are allowed in and perform a Mummers play, the boys are served beer by the farmer's maid.

Various sources place this version of the song in different parts of England during the nineteenth century. Several versions survived into the twentieth century and were recorded by folk song collectors in England, such as those of George Dunn and Mary Evans of Quarry Bank, Staffordshire (both recorded in 1971), as well as Miss J. Howman of Stow-on-the-Wold, Gloucestershire (1966), all of which are publicly available online courtesy of the Vaughan Williams Memorial Library. These versions use completely different tunes to the now famous West Country variant.

title: We Wish You a Merry Christmas