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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of ancient reenactment groups

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was keep. --Tony Sidaway Talk 10:08, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

List of ancient reenactment groups
Seems to have been created simply for the purpose of adding a single external link. And no mention of the SCA?! Al 18:30, August 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * speedy redirect to List of historical reenactment groups -Satori (talk) 18:37, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * comment - Nevermind, that's circular, as that page links to the one up for VfD. SCA isn't on there because the list is for ancient renactments, not medieval ones... hmmm... not sure if we've gotten into indiscriminate collection of information territory here or not. -Satori (talk) 18:45, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete in its current state. As nom points out, this exists only to buttress the external link. If it can be fleshed out in the next five days, I'll change my vote. Fernando Rizo T/C 19:08, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Article has improved significantly, and there is precedent for it. Fix the style so that its internally consistent, though. Fernando Rizo T/C 18:51, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong keep Gee you guys are quick to pounce, this page has only just been created! OK, so I started this page and maybe I am predudiced. It is there to balance List of medieval reenactment groups, List of modern reenactment groups etc. I am activly promoting it and it is growing by the hour. Further, I am working on more articles for Category:Ancient Roman legionary equipment, much of the information for these pages is based on Experimental archaeology performed by such groups. This page forms a peripheral part of that effort. Gaius Cornelius 20:11, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Looks good at this point in time.  Guerberj 20:39, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Kappa 20:50, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - let it develop, Wikipedia is not paper -Satori (talk) 20:56, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Could do with being expanded but it is encyclopaedic. David | Talk 20:58, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. Mayhap it would be better for it (and its siblings) as a section of List of historical reenactment groups which, when they grow overlarge, could be broken out into separate articles. Al 21:07, August 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Although, honestly, these pages seem merely to be an organized collection of links to external sites. WP:ISNOT a web directory. Al
 * Keep and expand. Trollderella 21:19, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep -- who doesn't love ancient reenactments? The same people who hate puppies.  Do you hate puppies? JDoorjam 22:06, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete all puppies and other non-notable baby mammals. Fernando Rizo T/C 22:11, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, possibly merge this and related lists into List of historical reenactment groups. --Carnildo 22:47, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Very interesting topic.  I love puppies.Amren (talk)  01:53, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep but rename since they reenact ancientness, rather than being ancient groups that reenact. Radiant_ >|< 14:06, August 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Howard Raiffa

Howard Raiffa (January 24, 1924 – July 8, 2016) was an American academic who was the Frank P. Ramsey Professor (Emeritus) of Managerial Economics, a joint chair held by the Business School and Harvard Kennedy School at Harvard University. He was an influential Bayesian decision theorist and pioneer in the field of decision analysis, with works in statistical decision theory, game theory, behavioral decision theory, risk analysis, and negotiation analysis. He helped found and was the first director of the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis.

Early life
After service in the Army Air Forces during World War II, Raiffa received a bachelor's degree in mathematics in 1946, a master's degree in statistics in 1947 and a PhD in mathematics in 1951, all from the University of Michigan.

Career

 * His book Applied Statistical Decision Theory with Robert Schlaifer introduced the idea of conjugate prior distributions.
 * A lecture of his in the 1960s concerning the use of Bayesian methods for betting on horses gave John Craven USN, a US Navy scientist the idea of using Bayesian methods to search for a missing US Air Force hydrogen bomb lost near Palomares, Spain in the 1966 Palomares B-52 crash. Craven used the same methods again in the search for the lost submarine USS Scorpion in 1968. Raiffa has analysed situations involving the use of subjective probability and argues that subjective probabilities should follow the same rules (the Kolmogorov axioms) as objective, frequency-based probabilities.

Consider a situation in which you are required to gamble and are given two possible gambles.

Gamble A, in which you bet on the outcome of a fight between the world's greatest boxer and the world's greatest wrestler in a ring fight. (Assume you are fairly ignorant about martial arts and would have great difficulty making a choice of whom to bet on.) If your chosen champion wins you win $500 otherwise you get nothing. You place your choice in a sealed envelope, which is opened after the game.

Gamble B. Draw a ball from an opaque urn known to contain 50 orange and 50 blue balls. You will receive $500 if you draw an orange ball and nothing for a blue ball. The balls have been thoroughly mixed and you should assume that all balls are equally likely to be drawn. The draw takes place after the ring match is over.

Many people would feel more unsure about taking Gamble A in which the probabilities are unknown, rather than Gamble B, in which the probabilities are easily seen to be one half for each outcome.

Raiffa argues that a decision-maker should in fact assign a subjective probability of one-half to each outcome of Gamble A, provided that no information was available that makes one outcome more likely than the other.

Raiffa argues as follows. Suppose someone has the following preferences. If forced to take Gamble A they would bet on the boxer, but if given a free choice between the gambles they would prefer Gamble B. Presumably, such a person when allowed to choose Gamble A would prefer to simply bet on the boxer rather than toss a coin to decide the matter of whether they should bet on the boxer or the wrestler. But this randomised approach is equivalent to Gamble B. So, by the axioms of substitutability and transitivity for utilities, they should also prefer to bet on the boxer than on Gamble B. A similar argument can be used to show that when the player has no preference between the boxer and the wrestler he should also have no preference between Gamble A and Gamble B.

(The axiom of substitutability says that if someone is indifferent between outcomes A and B and indifferent between outcomes A and C, they should be indifferent between B and C. The axiom of transitivity says that if someone prefers outcome A to B and also prefers B to C, then they should prefer A to C.)

Others, such as Daniel Ellsberg disagree with Raiffa's reasoning and have devised alternative interpretations of decision theory. One of the most radical departures is Dempster-Shafer theory, which rejects the use of probability theory completely, in favour of a theory of belief functions, which do not satisfy the axioms of probability.

title: Howard Raiffa


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/When do we introduce computers to young people?

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. [[smoddy ]] 17:14, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

When do we introduce computers to young people?
Original Research -Satori (talk) 18:32, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete- It's an essay, not an encyclopedia article. Christy747 18:50, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * This is my 1st attempt. I wish to place an article in the section Educational Challenges and for sure the subject is relevent. Is it possible to advise how I should edit the arguements to fit the Wikpedia format. Thank you Joel — Preceding unsigned comment added by 62.0.117.10 (talk • contribs) 2005-08-24 19:06:56 UTC
 * Welcome to Wikipedia, 62.0.117.10. Our articles are written from the neutral point of view.  This means that they don't have first-person statements telling the reader what "my opinion is", or referring to things "as I state above", or saying what "young children should be" doing.  Our articles are also verifiable, which means that, for just one example, where they state that the Surgeon General has warned about something, they should cite sources so that the reader can confirm that the Surgeon General has indeed given such a warning.  Most importantly, as far as the nomination here is concerned, they must not be original research.  Any article that states outright that "The process of introducing young children to computers is little understood and researched." and then goes on to expound upon the subject at length is, by its own admission, new research in the field.  Wikipedia is not the place for publishing new research.  Please do that in peer-reviewed journals, or somewhere else where peer review will be performed.  Please come to Wikipedia with stuff that has been researched, published, peer-reviewed, and accepted into the general corpus of human knowledge already.  Finally, our article titles conform to our naming conventions. Uncle G 20:21:17, 2005-08-24 (UTC)
 * Delete - as per Christy747, but maybe, Joel, you could expand E-learning, E-mentoring and/or Blended-learning
 * When they learn to read things like NOP, IMO. Delete. Sdedeo 20:19, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Deletel POV essay --Dysepsion 00:13, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - Tεx  τ  urε  16:40, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Hemingfield

Hemingfield is a village in the metropolitan borough of Barnsley, South Yorkshire, England. The village falls within the Hoyland Milton Ward of Barnsley Metropolitan Borough Council. The village has two pubs, The Albion and The Elephant & Castle, as well as a post office and The Ellis CofE Primary School. Notable organisations, past and present, include Hemingfield Action Group (HAG) and Albion AFC.

In the Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales (1870–72) John Marius Wilson described Hemingfield: "HEMINGFIELD, a village in Wombwell township, Darfield parish, W. R. Yorkshire; 4 miles SE of Barnesley. Pop., 346. It has a post office under Barnesley, and a charity school."

Etymology
Legend has it the village gets its name from a Viking named 'Heming' who settled and established a farmstead. Hence, it was "Heming's field".

Hemingfield Colliery
Hemingfield Colliery, also known as Elsecar Low Colliery, opened in 1840, and first produced coal in 1848. The colliery is now preserved as a heritage attraction by the Friends of Hemingfield Colliery.

Hemingfield railway station
The Elsecar Heritage Railway currently terminates at Hemingfield, although there is no platform at present, with trains pausing before reversing back to Elsecar. However, a proposed extension of the railway to Cortonwood is well advanced, and a memorandum of understanding has been signed by the railway company and the friends of the colliery, agreeing that an intermediate station will be constructed at Hemingfield.

A joint development project with the University of Sheffield School of Architecture in autumn 2016 resulted in initial proposals for a station at Hemingfield with the low-level platform connected to the high-level colliery buildings by means of a tall station building incorporating stairs and lifts.

Sport
The village was represented in the FA Cup by Hemingfield F.C. in the 1920s.

Notable people

 * Fred Butcher, footballer

Transport
The number 67 Jump Circular bus runs in both directions through the village every hour. Wombwell railway station is the closest rail link to the village.

title: Hemingfield


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Homburg, Saarland

Homburg (Hombourg, ; ) is a town in Saarland, Germany and the administrative seat of the Saarpfalz district. With a population of 43,029 inhabitants (2022), it is the third largest town in the state. The city offers over 30,000 workplaces. The medical department of the University of Saarland is situated here. The city is also home to the Karlsberg beer brewery. Major employers include Robert Bosch GmbH, Schaeffler Group and Michelin.

Geography
Homburg is located in the northern part of the Saarpfalz district, bordering Rhineland-Palatinate. It is 16 km from Neunkirchen and 36 km from Saarbrücken.

The city districts are situated in the Blies valley or on its tributaries Erbach, Lambsbach and Schwarzbach.

Homburg is composed of Homburg center and nine city districts: Beeden, Bruchhof-Sanddorf, Einöd, Erbach, Jägersburg, Kirrberg, Reiskirchen, Schwarzenbach and Wörschweiler.

Einöd includes: Einöd, Ingweiler and Schwarzenacker; Jägersburg includes Jägersburg, Altbreitenfelderhof and Websweiler; Erbach includes Erbach, Lappentascherhof and Johannishof.

Demographics
Actual (as of 1 August 2022):

History
The Hohenburg Castle, nowadays a ruin, was in the 12th Century the seat of the counts of Homburg. In 1330 the village received the town status (Stadtrecht) by Louis the Bavarian.

Politics
Since the administration reform 1974 Homburg has a Lord Mayor, before that it used to have a Mayor.

Rüdiger Schneidewind (SPD) has been Lord Mayor of Homburg since October 1, 2014.

Main sights

 * Schlossberg Caves
 * Louisenthal Castle
 * Karlsberg Castle
 * Wörschweiler Abbey

Transport
Homburg (Saar) Hauptbahnhof is the main railway station in the town, served by long-distance and regional trains. By road transport, the town is served by the motorways A6 (exit Homburg) and A8 (exits Limbach and Einöd).

Notable people

 * Horst Ehrmantraut (born 1955), footballer
 * Stefan Eck (born 1956), politician (former Tierschutzpartei, currently independent)
 * Andreas Walzer (born 1970), cyclist
 * Michael Jakosits (born 1970), sports shooter
 * Markus Heitz (born 1971), fantasy author
 * Timo Bernhard (born 1981), sports car racer
 * David Bardens (born 1984), physician
 * Laura Steinbach (born 1985), handball player
 * Kelly Piquet (born 1988), Brazilian blogger and model

Twin towns – sister cities
Homburg is twinned with:
 * 🇫🇷 La Baule-Escoublac, France (1984)
 * 🇩🇪 Ilmenau, Germany (1989)
 * 🇮🇹 Albano Laziale, Italy (2018)

title: Homburg, Saarland


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David Neilson

David Neilson (born 13 March 1949) is an English actor. He is best known for his role as cafe owner Roy Cropper in the long running ITV soap opera Coronation Street, which he has played since 1995.

Early life
Neilson was born in Loughborough, Leicestershire, and enrolled at the Central School of Speech and Drama at the age of 20. He worked in various jobs at the same time, including as a gas fitter, ice cream salesman and a barman.

Career
His television roles include Z-Cars, Young at Heart, Mike in a single episode of Survivors (BBC), Edgar in DH Lawrence's Sons and Lovers adapted by Trevor Griffiths (BBC), Blue Heaven by Frank Skinner, as Millington in the TV movies of the Charlie Resnick novels, Bergerac, Casualty, Boys from the Blackstuff, Secret Army and Heartbeat. He appeared briefly in EastEnders in the early 1990s, and in a celebrity edition of Stars in Their Eyes as Roy Orbison. He also starred in the British drama Chimera.

In addition he has appeared in two Mike Leigh films: Life Is Sweet and Secrets & Lies. On radio in 2009, Neilson appeared in God Bless Our Love, an uplifting, romantic comedy about a priest and a nun who fall in love and leave their orders to marry and begin a new life together.

Personal life
Neilson is a lifelong Leicester City supporter, regularly running Alan Birchenall's charity race around the King Power Stadium to raise money for awareness for prostate cancer, in memory of former Leicester City player Keith Weller. He is also a Labour Party supporter, supporting the party at the 2011 Oldham East and Saddleworth by-election.

title: David Neilson


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Talk:Romantic drama film

Deletion quandry
The phrase "romantic drama film" is clumsy, and not one that I've come across anywhere else. Is it a genuine topic? I'm thinking of VfDing the article. --Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 18:34, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * As someone who's adding banners to film genre articles at the moment: I'm inclined to agree. There's an suspicious number of genre articles with "romantic" slapped on the front of it. I'm going to put a merge tag on it for now. Doctor Sunshine   talk  06:24, 15 February 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Romantic drama film


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Füssli

Füssli is a Swiss-German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 * Henry Fuseli (1741–1825), Swiss-born British painter
 * Johann Caspar Füssli (1706–1782), Swiss portrait painter
 * Johann Kaspar Füssli (1743–1786), Swiss entomologist

title: Füssli


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Talk:Sinking of Prince of Wales and Repulse

'Notes' edit link not working
Clicking directly on the 'edit' word after 'Notes' at very bottom does not allow one to edit the notes.

Does one first have to edit the 'note' where it is first inserted in the page?

Reference in "popular"(maybe) culture
I bought a comic in Japan that's about pilots in World War 2, there's a picture of an ancient-looking bloke on so some of the stories may be taken from his life (though others are totally fantastic like a shot-down pilot falling into the cockpit of an American plane that's about to take off, and having a fist fight in mid air!). Anyway one of the stories is about this battle, or at least I was able to make out "Price of Wales" in Katakana. I can't read much else Japanese, though, so I don't even know the name of the comic, but I'll try and decipher it later. 131.111.53.207 (talk) 10:13, 26 August 2011 (UTC)
 * OK I looked and the comic appears to be called "Aa Taiheiyo" which roughly means "That Pacific Ocean", with emphasis on "That" like you'd say 9/11 was "That day in September". It seems to have originally appeared in a series of 1950's comics called "Shonen Senki" or "Boy's War Record". 86.159.19.189 (talk) 21:53, 26 August 2011 (UTC)

Japanese planes
So were the Japanese planes land-based or did they come from one or more aircraft carriers? It'd be good if the article had a little more detail on that point. Thanks. — RJH 18:35, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I've always read these were Imperial Japanese Navy land-based torpedo bombers.PHG 21:43, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I think they came from Vichy French Indo-China (Vietnam), which the Japanese had taken over. I'll check it up and try and find a ref. Wiki-Ed 09:11, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

Wreath drop? Was the wreath dropped to honor the British fight or to honor the two planes from the pilot's squadron, shot down by Repulse? The reason cited sounds very "after the fact." Bushido courtesy, across belligerant & service lines (in this case, pilots v. sailors), was a rare thing, I gather. Howard. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 128.103.170.250 (talk) 19:30, 3 March 2008 (UTC)

Japanese bombers
There were 86 aircraft from a squadron that was based in Saigon.

 * I added the next detail: the aircrafts was Mitsubishi G3M2 "Nell" (Attack bomber type 96 of Navy,Mark 22)from Mihoro Kokutai,22nd Koku Sentai and Mitsubishi G4M1(Attack bomber type 1 of Navy,Mark 11)of Kanoya Kokutai,21 Koku Sentai,both groups under led of 11th Koku Kantai(Land Based Bomber group)with Base in Saigon.from these air groups,ones 126 was preparing to Torpedo striking,but only 94 was ordered to take off for battle,also support by Mitsubishi C5M2 "Babs"recon plane.
 * including added why the Mitsubishi G3M "Nell" identified "M- 323"(Bomber N° 23,part of Mihoro Group(M)) are part of Mihoro Kokutai s Strike force in such attack.

 * Other versions say about such attack was realized for GenzanKokutai(G4M) and Takao Kokutai(G3M), both groups posted units in Saigon too.

 * There is an interview with a Captain Sonokawa, Kameo, IJN who was Flight Leader of Genzan Air Corps, the complete text of it is available on the Force Z Survivors Association Website Click on 'Pilots Eye View' --Andy Wade 20:04, 28 October 2006 (UTC)

 * In this article some airplane models are identified only by their Allied code names. It seems to me wrong to identify anything only by what its enemies called it.  David R. Ingham (talk) 08:21, 1 December 2012 (UTC)

Picture Image:Japanese high-level bombing attack on HMS Prince of Wales and HMS Repulse on 10 December 1941 (NH 60566).jpg
With reference to the picture:

It has been described thus: ''This image is a work of a sailor or employee of the U.S. Navy, taken or made during the course of the person's official duties. As a work of the U.S. federal government, the image is in the public domain.''

I think this is a little bit tenuous to say the least, as it is clearly not the work of a US Navy employee, but a member of the Imperial Japanese Navy. It was taken at the time of the first wave of the attack on HMS Repulse. Does the US Navy having the right to publish it (possibly with permission), mean that Wikipedia does also? I'd like to see the right to publish it explained a little bit better or I think the picture should be removed. --Andy Wade 21:40, 8 February 2007 (UTC)

 * The photo is tagged with both the U.S. government public domain and the Japanese public domain tags because it falls under both. The photo was taken by a Japanese government employee so it's public domain under Japanese copyright law.  The photo was also included in the large body of documents confiscated by U.S. government administrators during the Allied occupation of Japan immediately after the war and placed in the U.S. National Archives which makes it public domain of the U.S. government also.  Both tags are therefore appropriate. Cla68 23:07, 19 March 2007 (UTC)

Kriegsmarine
There should be a mention of the nazis in the article. It was solely because of the need to watch over the hiding Tirpitz battleship that the british were unable to assign an aircraft carrier to provide fighter umbrella for the Z fleet. If the Tirpitz did not exist, HMS PoW and Repulse would have survived with the help of a CV and its fighter planes. 82.131.210.162 12:13, 19 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Actually, Indomitable had been allocated to cover Force Z (Battleship by Martin Middlebrook and Patrick Mahoney), but ran aground whilst working up in the Caribbean. At this time, Tirpitz wasn't even in Norway and hadn't sortied. Emoscopes Talk 12:23, 19 March 2007 (UTC)
 * It would not be too fanciful to imagine that Indomitable would have been sunk as well if it had been present. If Force Z had survived it would have to have contended with a much larger IJN force which visited the region a few months later. Wiki-Ed 14:49, 19 March 2007 (UTC)
 * True, carriers are vulnerable to land-based aircraft forces which was the case in this situation. Plus, as you pointed out, Japan's large carrier fleet paid the area a visit a couple of months later. Cla68 23:10, 19 March 2007 (UTC)

Casualty figures
The casualty figures in the articles on the Prince of Wales, Repulse and the sinking of both ships do not agree with one-another (Eg. According the article on Repulse more survivors were rescued from the ship than were in its complement, and >300 died). I have no idea what the correct figures are and since there are no in-line citations it's impossible to work out where the data has come from. Does anyone have verifiable information on the complement of each ship and the number that perished in December 41? Wiki-Ed 13:20, 14 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Hi Wiki-Ed, the official figures are in dispute, and have been for many years. The Prince of Wales and Repulse Survivors Association maintains that it is a total of 840 (for both ships), but the 'official' records show that it is less than this, and despite several attempts to verify the correct figures, no one has yet come up with a verifiable count. The main reason for this is that it is believed that several men who were drafted aboard the ships when they sank were only registered aboard the ships, and these records went down with the ships. Any other records were lost/destroyed when Singapore fell some months later in February 1942. Anecdotal evidence from survivors has names not 'officially' listed as being aboard during the sinkings. And they would not forget this in a hurry I guess.
 * The best available list I know of is the one I maintain on the Force Z Survivors Association website, complied from official lists and records from the Survivors Association. All names on the lists have been verified with the Commonwealth War Graves Commission database, and they have figures of 328 for HMS Prince of Wales and 435 for HMS Repulse, which makes for a total of 763. Clearly this is unacceptable but in the absence of any verifiable lists it's all we have. Whilst the association does dispute the official figures it only has the official names on the website. I have not had any access to the alleged missing names, or I would add them to the lists with a caveat against each name.
 * Part of the problem is that men who are listed as serving at Singapore's Naval Base were actually aboard the ships, and so they have 'HMS Sultan' appearing against their names on the CWGC database. Cue confusion.--Andy Wade 16:32, 14 August 2007 (UTC)

HMS Indomitable: -anomaly-

Main article - also with reference to 'Kreigsmarine' section, in discussion above.

The aircraft carrier Indomitable may have been nominated as the air-defence component of force Z, ( the battleships Prince of Wales & Repulse ) but, given the times of events and distances involved, it seems doubtful that Indomitable would ever have been able to rendevous with the other warships at Singapore in early December of 1941. With the Indomitable in the vicinity of Kingston, Jamaica, on November 3rd, it is questionable whether it could have reached Singapore by December 10th. - even if the grounding damage to the aircraft carrier had never occurred. There may have been some preliminary planning for the Indomitable to join the Far-East task force at an unspecified later date. However, the fact that the aircraft carrier was delayed, as a result to grounding damage on November 3rd, was never a contributory factor in the eventual loss of the two capital ships on December 10th.

Using the actual voyage of HMS. Prince of Wales as a comparison, the time taken to reach Singapore, from the UK, was thirty nine days (24th. October to 2nd December 1941). The distance from the Clyde, in Scotland, to Singapore, is similar to the distance between Kingston, Jamaica and Singapore, - via the Cape of Good Hope. (the distance from Kingston is about a hundred miles more.) Allowing for the days spent at re-fueling ports en-route, the time taken for the Prince of Wales' voyage suggests that the greater part of the route was traversed at economical cruising speed. Assuming that the grounding of Indomitable never happened, and that on November 3rd. the ship received orders to proceed to Singapore, then a likely date for arrival would have been December 12th. - given that that Indomitable would have followed much the same route as that taken by the Prince of Wales.

In theory, if Indomitable had received urgent orders, the time required to reach Singapore could have been reduced - perhaps by choosing a more direct route, via either Panama or Suez. Increased speed might also have shortened the duration of the voyage. However, in the circumstances of the time, those speculative options would seem to lack credibility. (Selecting either of the canal transits would have been a gift to spies acting for Axis naval intelligence. Increased speed on the voyage would have involved very complex logistics for re-fueling points and escort vessels. )

Leaving the speculation aside, it isn't clear why Indomitable wasn't ordered to join the Prince of Wales, en-route, - long before the grounding occurred. One possibile location for a rendevous would have been at Freetown, Sierra Leone. The battleship was there about November 6th. 1941. J.Fowler  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.145.241.235 (talk) 15:54, 29 October 2007 (UTC)

No Allied Capital Ships?
The article claims that after Pearl Harbor and the loss of Force Z, there were no Allied capital ships left in the Pacific. What about Lexington, Saratoga, and Enterprise? They were still operating in the Pacific, as the Japanese would soon learn all too well. I am thinking of editing the article to reflect the fact that there were still 3 American capital ships left in-theater.--SpudHawg948 10:47, 4 December 2007 (UTC)

 * Strictly speaking, CVs don't rate as capital ships. That technically only covers BBs. (Boy, timely response, huh?)  TREKphiler   hit me ♠  23:43, 14 November 2008 (UTC)

Defence of the realm
I deleted
 * "The plans for the British defence of Singapore fell into the hands of the Axis when S.S. Automedon was boarded by the German raider Atlantis in the Indian Ocean, on 11 November 1940. The Germans discovered the documents and sent them to the Japanese. "

as OT. This deals with defense of Singapore proper, & has virtually nothing to do with the sinkings. Move it to Battle of Singapore or someplace. I also deleted this

It was obvious that the three destroyers were going to take hours to pick up those hundreds of men clinging to bits of wreckage and swimming around in the filthy, oily water. Above all this, the threat of another bombing and machine-gun attack was imminent. Every one of those men must have realised that. Yet as I flew around, every man waved and put up his thumb as I flew over him. After an hour, lack of petrol forced me to leave, but during that hour I had seen many men in dire danger waving, cheering and joking, as if they were holiday-makers at Brighton waving at a low-flying aircraft. It shook me, for here was something above human nature. - Flight Lieutenant Tim Vigors, DFC, RAAF

based on Stephen, p.114, as a very faulty view of what really happened.

Furthermore, given Winston's "fleet in being" idea, & experience with German raiders, was it ever proposed to use them as raiders against Japanese SLOCs? TREKphiler  hit me ♠  23:43 & 01:30, 15 November 2008 (UTC)

Stephens should not be seen as an authoritive text on the action either. While a ''jack of all battles, he is not a master of all'. Much more authoritive works are by Marder, Tarrant, and Middlebrook and Mahoney — Preceding unsigned comment added by 123.211.35.43 (talk) 03:16, 21 October 2011 (UTC)

Off site discussion on the details of the sinking
For those interested in such details, a useful discussion is here on a forum about the Imperial Japanese Navy. Cla68 (talk) 04:30, 28 April 2009 (UTC)

Stephens is entitled to his opinion but I have evidence from members of the crew of HMS Repulse who were there on the day. Several viewpoints have been made regarding the actions and feelings of the crew members at this particular time. Some were shaking their fists at the Air Force - who for no fault of their own arrived late, but others were very relieved to see them as they'd heard reports of men in the water having been machine gunned by Japanese planes in previous encounters. Vigors report may be flawed but it forms part of the London Gazette report by officers and was echoed personally by Air Vice Marshall C. Pulford at that time. We are recording this event are we not? So Vigors' contribution and opinion is just as valid as anyone else who was there. Stephens was not. --Andy Wade (talk) 02:17, 18 November 2008 (UTC)

Three capital ships left in the Pacific
Under heading Effects of the Sinking, "Combined with the earlier attack on Pearl Harbor, this left the Allies with only three operational capital ships in the Pacific Theatre."

Can anyone clarify as to what those three capitals ships were? Wolcott (talk) 19:27, 27 November 2009 (UTC)
 * Probably the American aircraft carriers Enterprise, Lexington and Saratoga. They weren't present during Pearl Harbour as they were of course at sea at the time of that attack. --Andy Wade (talk) 00:47, 29 November 2009 (UTC)

Considering the Prince of Wales & Repulse were the only allied battleships in the Far East, I guess the American carriers are the obvious capital ships the sentence is referring to. Would it be necessary to make the sentence more specific by adding the names of those carriers to it? Wolcott (talk) 10:41, 30 November 2009 (UTC)

 * User Ed17 added a dubious/talk tag to this section - which I have subsequently removed - suggesting that the battleship USS Colorado was in the Pacific Theatre. First point: don't add tags asking other editors to talk about something without submitting a case yourself. Second point: the article on that ship says she was on the west coast of the US at the time being overhauled. A similar case could be made for Maryland being "active" since she survived Pearl Harbour, but I don't think anyone would accept that she was in a state to be deployed. Wiki-Ed (talk) 11:18, 27 February 2010 (UTC)

Air Support
The article basically says that air support wasn't called due to arrogance/underestimating the Japanese, but Purnell's History Of The Second World War paints this in a different light. According to that, air support was not called due to Admiral Phillips wishing to maintain radio silence, lest they alert the Japanese ships they were stalking. He knew that the nearest airbase was aware of their position and gambled on them instinctively sending them an escort, or taking the risk of breaking radio silence. Obviously, we now know that he chose poorly!

Any thoughts on this? An awful lot of this article does appear to have come soley from the book by Martin Stephen. 94.168.46.50 (talk) 22:30, 29 June 2010 (UTC)

Unless you provide an online source, I cannot verify it. Wolcott (talk) 06:07, 28 November 2010 (UTC)

Survivor figures
Are there figures for the numbers of survivors from each ship? The HMS Prince of Wales (53) article says "However, the stronger hull and superior underwater subdivision of Prince of Wales enabled her to stay afloat much longer than her aged companion and resulted in a far larger proportion of her crew being saved, in stark contrast to the older Repulse which suffered a heavy loss of life when she rapidly sank", and this article says that nearly 1000 survivors of Repulse were picked up, bu there is only mention of two survivors from the Prince of Wales. How many did survive, please? How many were picked up form each ship by the Allies and how many were taken prisoner by the Japanese? 86.143.70.57 (talk) 09:06, 24 September 2010 (UTC)

There should be roughly 1194 survivors being as the crews complement was a complement of 1521 in 1941 and 327 killed in the sinking according to the prince of whales page.

Torpedoes and Torpedo bombers
The IJN and RN aerial torpedoes are little different; The Type 91 mod 1 and 2 had 330 and 450lb warheads, respectively, while the standard RN torpedo, the Mk 12 or 15 had a 388-375lb warhead. The underwater speeds of both IJN and RN torpedoes were all 40-45 knots, so again little difference. The drop speeds for each were about 150knots. The Swordfish (relevance?) was being phased out of front line service by Dec 1941, in favour of the Albacore, but the RAF was had been using the twin engined Beaufort as a land based torpedo bomber since 1940, so the idea that Japanese twin engined aircraft or torpedoes were 'vastly' superior to UK types is simply not correct. The only advantage they possessed was superior range, combined with faulty UK intelligence that underestimated IJN capability.Damwiki1 (talk) 20:47, 28 September 2010 (UTC) For more information on torpedoes read the following sections at navweapons: http://navweaps.com/Weapons/WTJAP_WWII.htm and http://navweaps.com/Weapons/WTBR_Main.htm Damwiki1 (talk) 21:01, 28 September 2010 (UTC) I was referring to the Mk 14, not Mk 15 torpedo in the above statement.Damwiki1 (talk) 21:07, 28 September 2010 (UTC)
 * (Edit conflict) I agree the torpedo specs do not differ much (but I think we're comparing Mk12s, not later variants), although I had thought the Type 91s to be slightly superior, particularly in terms of range... which leads to the real difference: the delivery. The Swordfish had played a prominent role in the previous year (e.g. Taranto and the hunt for the Bismarck) and so one would expect that Admiral Phillips would have these planes in mind at the time of the attack. Instead he faced much faster aircraft which were based well outside what he might consider reasonable range and could drop torpedoes half a mile further away than contemporary British torpedo bombers. I think these are the key differences and I would hope that if he had known these facts he would have been more careful. Wiki-Ed (talk) 21:19, 28 September 2010 (UTC)
 * The Swordfish was being phased out of frontline service by mid 1941, but in any event landbased UK torpedo bombers, such as the Bristol Beaufort were greatly superior to the Swordfish in speed and range and, for that matter, so was the Italian SM-79 which the RN and Prince of Wales had faced previously in the Mediterranean during Operation Halberd. The idea that the Swordfish was somehow represented to Phillips, as the pinnacle of torpedo bomber development is laughable, and simply untrue. Torpedoes dropped beyond the maximum ranges of the RN aerial torpedoes would pose little threat to manoeuvring ships. Damwiki1 (talk) 21:49, 28 September 2010 (UTC) Also the RN Mk 14 was deployed to Singapore and the above source states that most were lost when Singapore surrendered.Damwiki1 (talk) 22:03, 28 September 2010 (UTC)
 * I understand what you're saying - there were better aircraft and weapons coming in to service - but that's not the point. Phillips would have been familiar with Taranto and he might have had some information about Pearl - both of which were attacks on non-moving targets. What he would not know is that the Japanese possessed fast aircraft that could attack him from distant land bases, had practiced hitting moving targets, and could drop torpedoes from outside the presumed envelope of his AA. Take away any one of those factors and the result would have been - almost certainly - different. I don't recall any events in the Med where the RN lost ships to aerial torpedoes, certainly not capital ships. Wiki-Ed (talk) 10:26, 29 September 2010 (UTC)
 * Yes, the key factor was Phillips lack of knowledge of IJN dispositions and the state of development of IJN aerial torpedo capability. The Italian airforce had torpedoed an RN battleship, HMS Nelson, at sea in Sept 1941, and had Philips thought that the IJN had torpedo bombers as capable as the SM-79 or BR.20 in the area, he probably would have been more cautious.Damwiki1 (talk) 02:08, 30 September 2010 (UTC)

The ship today
The article claims that the ships are Royal Properties, is it possible to list the locations of the sunken ships? Are they truly in International Waters or within the national boundary of some country? This could be a one sided claim. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 162.58.82.136 (talk) 19:51, 14 July 2011 (UTC)

The Japanese Air Attack.
Still my apologies!!!! Upon figuring out how to retrieve the paragraph I ‘lost’ yesterday and reinserting it, I notice I have lost some of the direct links that were ‘attached’ to certain words that were there previously.

Important Note: The page in general contains many reference to Stephen and Grove's ''Sea Battles in Close-up. WWII''. Now while their account of the sinking may be an ‘interesting’ read and is on the whole factual, it does contain several errors in timing and the numbers of planes involved in various attacks, besides the number of torpedo hits. As stated above, they may be 'jack of all battles', but some they are certainly not master of. Much more accurate accounts are found in Marder’s Old Friends, New Enemies, Tarrant’s King George V Class Battleships, and Middlebrook and Mahoney’s Battleships. Also Nicholson’s Hostage to Fortune contains a detailed appendix (20 pages) of many of the signals, including date and time, that passed amongst the ‘main players’ before, during and after the event. However it must be noted that all these books contain errors regarding the number of torpedo hits, but this is to be understood given the available data at the time they were written/published.

John — Preceding unsigned comment added by 123.211.35.43 (talk) 03:12, 21 October 2011 (UTC)

11-20-11 To Walcott. With all due respect, your comment in the ‘View History’ section on 15th November after you reverted to they pre 15th September version of the article, that is that the following edits (post 15th Nov that is) "………appear to have messed up the article" is completely in error. Far from 'messing up the article' I corrected the Japanese Air Attack section as it was disjointed and contained errors and inconsistencies, and relied almost solely on one authors' (Stevens) description of the attack, rather than comparing various better informed authors' descriptions to get the facts straight.

What was 'messed up' if you want to call it that, was what I stated above, and that is the direct links (to other Wikipedia pages) for some of the words was 'lost' during the edits. For that I apologize. You are more than welcome to reinsert those links if you have the time.

I don't know if you wrote the pre 15th September version yourself, but if so it seems you have a very very small reference library with which to 'quote' from, use or refer to, basically just using Stevens account. If you do have the books or reports that are used in the post 15th Sept version (see References) then if you had taken the time to read and/or refer to the reference links I put in to the post 15th Sept edits before you reverted to the old version, you would see that everything that I wrote there is backed up by more knowledgeable authors than you or I (and Stevens for that matter). As stated above, Stevens book contains more than one error, so using him solely as a source is an error in itself.

So I implore you Walcott, before you yourself 'mess up' the section on the Japanese Air Attack again, that you refer to some of the books and or reports that I use as references and reread the sections / pages quoted before reverting to an (your?) old version of what actually happened that day.

I must say that I find it rather rude of you that you left no note in this discussion section of what you were doing and why, when you yourself 'messed up' the article on 15th November by reverting to that old version. However,no hard feelings, I am willing to work with you on allying any concerns you have re what I have written, as I want to see a factual portrayal of events posted here, not just one mans version of events.

JohHor (talk) 03:58, 20 November 2011 (UTC)John HortonJohHor (talk) 03:58, 20 November 2011 (UTC)

 * I see that you're new to wikipedia, so I assume you're that IP address that made all those edits. I've gone through a few of your edits and they may appear to constitute weasel words, which if I'm correct is highly discouraged according to wikipedia policy. I also understand that you've failed to provide inline citations and/or sources to some additions you've made. I'm not sure if these are your edits, but here are a few:

 * "Many more planes, some armed with bombs and some with torpedoes soon followed." No source provided to support this claim.
 * "After failing to find any Japanese invasion force at Kuantan Phillips was finally heading south, but had dawdled in the area too long and was now about to pay the price." Possible weasel words.

You edits have also removed a highly relevant image of the ships under attack from the article without giving any valid reason. When I restored it you removed it again (again without any reason), so please do not repeat it again as it is removing content and may constitute Vandalism. Regarding this "Stevens account", those are not my edits and/or additions, so you may want to discuss that with the users who made the edits, and not me. I'm just making sure your edits adhere to wikipedia rules. Nonetheless, if you claim that said author "contains more than one error", then it should adhere to a neutral point of view and not by your personal opinion.

Please go through the manual of style for editing articles on wikipedia and rewrite any edits you have done which are not in accordance with wikipedia's policy. Wolcott (talk) 06:32, 20 November 2011 (UTC)
 * In addition to my previous response, I'm not happy that you're telling me "to reinsert those links if you have the time." As you're the one who did the edits, you should be reinserting them. As for the author you referred to, which you claim that "using him solely as a source is an error in itself", it is true that we shouldn't rely solely on one source. But this article relies on more than just the author you mentioned, just scroll to the bottom of this article and see "Notes" and "References". And please use Preview before saving any of your edits. Wolcott (talk) 09:44, 20 November 2011 (UTC)

numbers of survivors
One point seemingly missed by the various contributors is the temperature of the water. In the warm waters of the China Sea any survivor has a good chance of being picked up before drowning. Had the action been fought in the cold North Atlantic there would have been far fewer suvivors due to freezing.AT Kunene (talk) 13:16, 18 December 2011 (UTC)

Force Z
The Background section has quite a lot of detail on strategic and political considerations which would sit better in the Force Z article. That needs expanding, and this one is already at the size where a split should be considered. If there are no objections I propose to move the content of those sections and leave a summary here. Any thoughts? Xyl 54 (talk) 21:50, 3 November 2012 (UTC)

The picture the Force Z article is also better, the one here is a doctored photo or something (Fdsdh1 (talk) 17:47, 10 December 2012 (UTC))

Brewster and Zero
The overall inferiority of the Buffalo to the A6M is mentioned, but it seems to be irrelevant, because there were no Japanese fighters in the battle, or at least not in the article. David R. Ingham (talk) 08:23, 1 December 2012 (UTC)
 * That's correct, there were no IJN fighters present during the attack. According to Bloody Shambles all the IJNAF flights that attacked were unescorted.Damwiki1 (talk) 17:13, 1 December 2012 (UTC)

Number of aircraft types
It appears number of torpedo aircraft and level bombers are mixed up - "34 torpedo aircraft, 51 level bombers, 3 scouting aircraft". Later in article 49 torpedoes were reported seen and so many torpedoes can't be brought by 34 aircraft. Here - in article BARRY GOUGH, Prince of Wales and Repulse: Churchill’s “Veiled Threat” Reconsidered the numbers are done right - "The Japanese attack force (IJN’s 22nd Air Flotilla) in three squadrons—Genzan, Mikoro and Kanaya—consisted of thirty-four high-level bombers and fifty-one torpedo-bombers". Tigga (talk) 07:10, 28 January 2014 (UTC)

Last sentence of Background
I have a question/issue with this sentence. Perhaps ambiguous wordage so I don't understand the intent. The line in question is: "Australian commitment to the war in Europe ... would be severely tested following the Japanese attacks on Pearl Harbor, Hong Kong, Darwin, and the Kokoda Track,[9] so Churchill's effort, while a military failure, may have been a political necessity." Did not the decisions involved in sending the naval squadron as well as deciding its size/makeup predate "attacks on Pearl Harbor, Hong Kong, Darwin, and the Kokoda Track"? Should we not just say he had to send something due to political necessity, so he did? Or is the argument in hindsight: having sent a squadron which got virtually annihilated, Churchill could argue: "see..I tried"? Someone help clear up the intent of this sentence. Juan Riley (talk) 20:00, 5 September 2015 (UTC)

 * I've removed the sentence - it implies Churchill sent Force Z to bolster the resolve of the Australians but his primary intention was to make the Japanese think the UK took the threat seriously and dissuade them from going to war. That was the political and strategic necessity. The threat to Australia was theoretical at the point the decision was made. Of course the strategic situation changed rapidly in December and the threat became real from that point forward, but he couldn't have known that in October when the ships were despatched. To imply this was a significant part of the calculation is misleading; if this section is to stay it will require much better sourcing. Wiki-Ed (talk) 11:00, 6 September 2015 (UTC)

 * It's also wrong - Australia ceased to have a particularly strong "commitment to the war in Europe" following the attack on Pearl Harbor, for obvious reasons and with the agreement of Churchill (from memory, this was also in line with pre-Pearl Harbor imperial planning). What this para seems to be getting at is Churchill's response to Australia's concerns over the Japanese threat, but it's rather confusing at present. Material from the FA Singapore Strategy could be drawn on in improving this. Nick-D (talk) 11:22, 6 September 2015 (UTC)

 * I agree that Singapore Strategy contains a good treatment of these issues. That's why I also added linkage to it yesterday in this section. Perhaps better if something like is added to the section header? That way the reader is clearly presented with where to go for more details without adding too much new material here. Juan Riley  (talk) 16:58, 6 September 2015 (UTC)
 * Went ahead and added a Further template to the Background section header. Feel free to revert if you feel it is uncalled for or there is a better way. Juan Riley (talk) 17:08, 6 September 2015 (UTC)

Mr. Philips
From all the introduction he gets, I gather Mr. Philips (showing up even before this paragraph) was with secret services. To add a touch of chaos to the prevailing state of confusion, there is another Admiral of same name showing up three times throughout the article …

How to replace the 'heavily retouched' photo (with a clearer one)?
I have a (rare?) copy of the 'original' Japanese photo (top right of page) showing HMS Express in foreground and the two capital ships in background.

The photo I have was published in Japan during the war and although the ocean surface / destroyer's wake seems to have been slightly retouched, the ships, especially the destroyer in foreground - which is so obviously bogus / heavily 'retouched' in what is here now - is much much clearer. That is, the destroyer is readily identifiable / confirmable as HMS Express. Even the two capital ships (in the background, which themselves have been heavily 'altered' in the current photo) in the copy that I have are much clearer / sharper. To say the difference between the copy I have and what is there now being night and day would be an understatement.

So, how can one replace said 'heavily retouched' photo with one much much less so? After all, the photo that is there now is laughable at how poor the 'retouching' on the destroyer has been done (not to mention the 'odd' look of the two capital ships)! No wonder many people think this is an out and out fake photo.

Thanks in advance.

KevinVD (talk) 12:15, 30 March 2020 (UTC)

 * Thanks. First, could you check and make sure the image you have is better that the original upload (in the version history)? If not then save yourself some effort.

'''Thanks for your reply. Mine below in bold.'''

The image I have is 'similar' to the main image you link to above, but much much / clearer and sharper; that is I can assure you that the image I have is orders of magnitude 'better' than the 'other' image.

 * However, if your image is indeed better than that version then please could you upload to Wikemedia commons with the correct license (which might be the same template as the one listed for the current image, but you'll need to check or it will get deleted), then update the link on this page to point to the new file. If you're new to editing Wikipedia and struggling - it can be a pain to get images sorted - then I'm sure someone will be able to help - just shout. Wiki-Ed (talk) 20:09, 30 March 2020 (UTC)

'''Yes I wish I was able to upload it (and / or other photos to Wiki), but......................just can't see how too do so as not that 'website / computer' savvy. So, if someone would like me to send them the photo so they could upload it, then maybe that's the way to go? I am not trying to weasel out of 'work', I just don't know / can't see how to do the upload; I am just trying to find a way to help make the page better (and in the process get rid of the damn awful image that is there now!),'''

Realize most people do not want to put their email address on-line / here, but I have no problem putting a 'one off' (just for this purpose) email address here should someone like to contact me directly re me sending them the photo to upload.

KevinVD (talk) 08:54, 31 March 2020 (UTC)

 * Okay. It's not too hard once you get going, so we could try step by step? I had to check this myself because it's changed since I last tried it!)

 * 1) Login to Wikipedia. Then open Wikimedia commons. It should carry your Wikipedia login credentials over, but if not then you'll need to create a new account.
 * 2) Once you're logged in, go to the page for the existing image and click 'edit' next to Licensing. There will be some wikitext you need to copy - I can't replicate it here because it will transpose incorrectly. Basically you need to catch the two curly brackets at the beginning of PD-Japan-oldphoto and the two curly brackets at the end. You'll need to paste this later
 * 3) Click upload on the left hand side of the screen. Ignore the cartoon - you'll have a waiver. Click next and then find the image file on your computer.
 * 4) Click through the wizard process - it's relatively straightforward - until you get to the Release Rights section. You'll need to select the option for 'not your own work', then fill in the 'source' and 'author' boxes. (I assume you have this information - the newspaper?)
 * 5) Then scroll down and select 'Another reason not mentioned above'. Paste the License wikitext (step 2) into the box there.
 * 6) Click next and continue. The rest of the process should be relatively straightforward - filling in details. Some categories are optional if you don't have the info.
 * 7) Once the file is uploaded you just need to point Wikipedia to the correct location on Wikimedia. So click edit at the top of the article here and change the fifth line down so that the text just after 'File:' is your image title. I can help at this point - just tell me where the file is.
 * Hope that makes sense!? Wiki-Ed (talk) 19:58, 31 March 2020 (UTC)

'''THANKS! Not sure if you can teach an old dog (me) new tricks, but I will certainly give it a go and get back to you if I fail'''. However, should anyone like to contact me directly and debate the various images of this particular photo, and be sent definitive photographic proof that it is HMS Express in the foreground in the original genuine photo (as opposed to the bogus heavily doctored one), they can contact me on - wikiedit AT nym DOT hush DOT com. Of course should I start getting spam at this address, it will immediately be closed down. KevinVD (talk) 05:04, 1 April 2020 (UTC)

'Well I guess and old dog can learn new tricks after all, especially with such clear instructions! Thanks!!''

'However, although I have managed to place the new photo on the main page, it has changed the existing caption location (which was underneath the previous image) to be primarily at the side of the new image rather than underneath. I tried many iterations but could not 'fix' that issue. Maybe you could fix that please? And again, THANKS for your help.' KevinVD (talk) 06:47, 1 April 2020 (UTC)
 * Kevin, I think that the position of the caption is a function of your screen size as it's always been underneath on my 27 inch monitor. At any rate, I've cleaned up the image and the cite; the only mistake that you made was to add the thumbnail property as it's not used inside infoboxes. See how it displays for you now.--Sturmvogel 66 (talk) 12:00, 1 April 2020 (UTC)

'''Thank you Sturmvogel, it appears perfectly on my screen now. Re your comment -.....the only mistake that you made was to add the thumbnail property as it's not used inside infoboxes. Yes, I could see that 'property' - I assume you mean what I had named the jpg image itself? - but I couldn't figure out how to load image without that text embedded so to speak. Anyway, all good now. Again, thanks!''' KevinVD (talk) 12:55, 1 April 2020 (UTC)
 * No, look at the edit history to see exactly what I removed. The file name was fine, but you had two other properties specified, thumb and the alt text, separated by pipes. Which is perfectly appropriate for image outside of infoboxes. So Force-Z-evading.jpg became Force-Z-evading.jpg Just be aware that this trick is appropriate only for ships infoboxes.--Sturmvogel 66 (talk) 13:55, 1 April 2020 (UTC)
 * Glad you got it uploaded. I had wondered if a more authentic image would enable us to understand some of the other funny things with that image. I'm still intrigued as to why (a) the smoke from the capital ships is seemingly going in opposite directions and (b) the destroyer has no funnel smoke despite moving at speed. And also how on earth the crew of the plane got such a close range shot - and pretty much in focus - one would think the destroyer would have been shooting back. But hey, he got it. Wiki-Ed (talk) 19:51, 1 April 2020 (UTC)

According to the real experts (and I am not referring to myself by any means), much of that smoke you are seeing, especially the 'puffs' above and above left of the destroyer (DD) is simply left-over smoke from heavier AA air bursts, not funnel smoke. And by all accounts it was, basically, a windless day, hence the capital ships funnel smoke itself is just going to trail behind the direction of travel (and both capital ships are after all traveling in opposite directions at the point in time this image captures). As for the DD in foreground, i.e. HMS Express not firing back, she is 'firing back' with her light AA; look at the white smoke 'splotches' beside the bridge and just aft of amidships, right where some of her light AA is situated. As for height of plane, the Japs were on a mission to sink those two big ships at all costs, and if they were on their attack set-up runs, they were not changing that course for anyone. Why, numerous planes even directly overflew the two capital ships at mast head height or less on some post torp-drop run-outs, spraying decks with cannon fire on several occasions. So a 'little' DD would not have overly concerned them too much after all, although I would assume they did not intentionally plan to fly over it, she just 'got in the way'. As is often the case, that photographer was just in the right place at the right time. Sometimes ya' do just get lucky! But I would hardly say the photo is 'in-focus' by any means. As for lack of DD funnel smoke, in all likely-hood it may have disappeared with the sea surface retouching (more on that below), but that's just my opinion.

I think by far most of the retouching in this pic is done on the sea surface / DD wake. That is, I think DD in foreground was not doing a 'U turn'; IMO it had been traveling in a straight line so to speak. Look far left of photo directly behind DD but outside of white wake. See the 'discolored' sea surface there, that's where she came from IMO. So yes, I'll admit there has been 'touching up' done on this image for dramatic effect (the U turn wake for example), but the DD  herself was not simply 'inserted' there in a darkroom, as far as I, and many other people with far more knowledge than I of these events are concerned.

Anyway, each to their own, and no doubt there still will be some that will rail against it, as they've based their entire argument against this depiction of the event by citing a totally fake DD, and I assume they aren't now or ever going to admit they were wrong / change their opinion. That's their prerogative of course. Be that as it may, the image that is there now is sure a lot cleaner of an image than the painfully obvious fake that was there for so long.

Anyway, I have done my bit, and have other pressing things to do for now, so I will say addios for the time being folks, and thanks for the help. Stay safe everyone! KevinVD (talk) 06:00, 2 April 2020 (UTC)
 * Wow. Thanks for explaining that - I hadn't spotted those white puffs or the wake on the far left. And I didn't know it was so controversial. Fascinating. We learn something every day! Wiki-Ed (talk) 19:45, 3 April 2020 (UTC)

Repulse configuration
Statement in this article:

"Repulse did not have the anti-torpedo blisters her sister Renown had received,"

Statement in Renown class article "The Renown-class ships were fitted with a shallow anti-torpedo bulge integral to the hull which was intended to explode the torpedo before it hit the hull proper and vent the underwater explosion to the surface rather than into the ship. However, later testing proved that it was not deep enough to accomplish its task as it lacked the layers of empty and full compartments that were necessary to absorb the force of the explosion"

Same article on Renown: "The bulges were reworked and based on those used in the Queen Elizabeth-class battleships, although crushing tubes were only used abreast the magazines. "

Statement in Renown class article about Repulse and the almost identical statement in the specific Repulse article:

The ship's anti-torpedo bulge was deepened and reworked along the lines of that installed on the battleship Ramillies. The bulge covered her hull from the submerged torpedo room to "Y" magazine and the inner compartments of which were filled with crushing tubes. The bulges added 12 feet 8 inches (3.9 m) to her beam and 1 foot 4 inches (0.4 m) to her draught.

" The ship's anti-torpedo bulge was deepened and reworked along the lines of that installed on the battleship Ramillies. The bulge covered her hull from the submerged torpedo room to 'Y' magazine and the inner compartments of which were filled with crushing tubes. The bulges added 12 feet 8 inches (3.9 m) to her beam and 1 foot 4 inches (0.4 m) to her draught. "

Statement in the Renown class article about Renown, and without comma otherwise identical statement in the specific Renown article. "The bulges were reworked and based on those used in the Queen Elizabeth-class battleships, although crushing tubes were only used abreast the magazines. " "The bulges were reworked and based on those used in the Queen Elizabeth-class battleships although crushing tubes were only used abreast the magazines. "

So to be clear the Sinking article seems as if it should say that Repulse had an earlier less effective bulge system, not that she lacked a system. Brooksindy (talk) 19:48, 6 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Yes you're right. That sentence is wrong, factual error and a non sequitur / poor synthesis. Both ships had anti-torpedo bulges. They weren't the same, but that wasn't really relevant to their surviveability against five torpedo hits, and nor was compartmentalisation (which wasn't enough to stop PoW sinking). I'll remove the line. Wiki-Ed (talk) 20:39, 7 September 2020 (UTC)

i don't understand why
Consort is used in HMS Repulse (1916) but why not here?

BlueD954 (talk) 04:00, 1 May 2021 (UTC)

HMS Indomitable
I know it's cited but at least two authors (Boyd and Hobbs) have stated that HMS Indomitable was not assigned to Force Z, she ran aground the first day of a work up in the Caribbean after which she was to head to Gibraltar to join Force H while Ark Royal was in refit, there was contingency that she might have to run the med and transit Suez as the only carrier that could go East but the earliest carrier was projected to join the Eastern Fleet would be Ark Royal in April, but of course Indomitable is damaged and Ark Royal is sunk in November and then Pearl and Force z in december totally change the landscape. 92.10.214.190 (talk) 10:06, 14 December 2023 (UTC)
 * I think this is about weighting. Churchill himself wrote confidently that he intended Indomitable should be assigned to the force. Respectable secondary sources like Middlebrook and Mahoney concur. There might be other authors who have a different view, but I think we should be wary of giving them undue weighting, especially if the argument you seem to be making revolves around the technical interpretation of one word ("assigned"). And arguably the paragraph in question is already problematic as it relies heavily on one author whose quoted views are somewhat at odds with the facts (e.g. Churchill's exchange with the First Sea Lord in August 1941 rather suggests he was anything but "consderably ignorant" of the threat). Wiki-Ed (talk) 21:05, 14 December 2023 (UTC)
 * Ideally you need the consensus of primary records written prior to the sinking. I don't know if sources like Middlebrook have cited what the used to make their judgement on the matter. Indomitable is clearly the only available carrier when they have to sent one to the Indian ocean in the aftermath. But sending her to Force H makes more sense in October/November as it known that she will not be fully effective so soon after commissioning and the fleet build up in the east was expected to to see a more balanced force by mid 1942. Loss of Ark Royal, Barham, Prince of Wales, Repulse and then the temporary loss of Queen Elizabeth and Valiant in a 6 week period change the picture massively. 92.10.214.190 (talk) 23:18, 14 December 2023 (UTC)


text:
Fantasy World Dizzy

Fantasy World Dizzy is an arcade adventure video game released in October 1989 by Codemasters and designed by the Oliver Twins.

The game is considered the third in the Dizzy series and was developed under the name Dizzy III. The third Dizzy game to be released, Fast Food, was regarded as a spin-off that deviated from the standard Dizzy format.

Fantasy World Dizzy was the first Dizzy adventure to feature many elements which later became standard for the series, such as having three lives, an improved inventory system and a balance between puzzle-solving and hazards. This game also introduced the Yolkfolk: Daisy, Denzil, Dozy, Dylan and Grand-Dizzy.

A Nintendo Entertainment System version titled Mystery World Dizzy was developed in April 1993 but was not released until 24 years later in April 2017. It is available free on the official Dizzy website. A Kickstarter campaign has also been started to produce the game on a physical NES cartridge.

In recent years it has grown more famous due to frequent references made to it in the Zero Punctuation video game review series as "the best game ever", albeit ironically.

Plot
The game's plot revolves around Dizzy and his girlfriend Daisy. Daisy is taken by the King Troll while walking through a forest with Dizzy, and he has to chase after her. On his way Dizzy must also collect 30 coins. Some of them are hidden quite well.

Reception
The game was given a rating of 9 out of 10 by Peter Parrish of Eurogamer. The ZX Spectrum version was voted the 25th best game of all time in a special issue of Your Sinclair magazine in 2004. Amstrad Action rated its version as 89%.

In October 1994, Commodore Format magazine included a full playable version of the game on their covertape.

title: Fantasy World Dizzy


text:
Tayto (Northern Ireland)

Tayto Group Limited is a manufacturer of crisps and corn snacks based in Tandragee, County Armagh, Northern Ireland. They describe themselves as the third largest snack manufacturer in the United Kingdom.

It employs 300 people at its plant beside Tandragee Castle (called "Tayto Castle" as part of the advertising for the snacks) and remains the largest selling brand of crisps in Northern Ireland and the third biggest crisp and snack business in the United Kingdom. It owns the Golden Wonder, Ringos, Mr. Porky, Real Crisps, and Jonathan Crisp brands. The Northern Irish Tayto are also widely sold in County Donegal, especially in outlets in East Donegal and Inishowen.

The company is entirely separate from Tayto in the Republic of Ireland which has a similar product range; Tayto in the Republic of Ireland owns the name and mascot, and Tayto in Northern Ireland uses both under a licensing agreement. The Northern Irish Tayto is widely sold in both Northern Ireland and Great Britain, while the Republic of Ireland brand is sold in the Republic.

History
Tayto (Northern Ireland) was formed in 1956 by the Hutchinson family and licensed the name and recipes from Tayto Crisps formed two years prior in the Republic of Ireland. The two companies operate entirely separately but have a similar range of products.

On 13 January 2006 it was announced that Tayto (NI) was to acquire the Corby and Scunthorpe sites of the former Golden Wonder business and the contract to produce Mini Pringles for Procter & Gamble. This secured some 195 jobs out of 350 that were under threat following Golden Wonder's entry into administration on 9 January 2006.

In December 2007, Tayto acquired Sirhowy Valley Foods Ltd, makers of the Real Crisps range.

On 14 March 2008 it was announced that Tayto would acquire Red Mill Snack foods, making it the 3rd largest crisp manufacturer in the UK. Most of the Red Mill brands were transferred under the Golden Wonder umbrella but Mr. Porky's pork scratchings continue to be produced under Tayto, from the plant in Westhoughton, Bolton.

On 21 January 2009 it was announced that Tayto had acquired Jonathan Crisp, the trading name of Natural Crisps Ltd, based in Staffordshire, England. The headquarters of the Tayto group, which is privately owned by the Hutchinson family, are in County Armagh; it now has a turnover of £150 million per annum and employs more than 1,400 people.

Range
Like its counterpart in the Republic of Ireland, Tayto's signature brand is cheese & onion flavour crisps. They also sell beef & onion, ready salted, smoky bacon, salt & vinegar, worcester sauce, prawn cocktail, spring onion, roast chicken and pickled onion flavoured crisps. Most Northern Irish Tayto are vegetarian-friendly.

Palm oil usage
Tayto NI have a low score on the Palm Oil Buyers Scorecard, which is a measure of the sustainability of palm oil buyers endorsed by the World Wildlife Foundation. Tayto NI scored only 1 point out of 9 in the 2016 Scorecard. The score reflects a lack of transparency in their palm oil sourcing activity, despite being a member of the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil.

title: Tayto (Northern Ireland)


text:
Charley Taylor

Charles Robert Taylor (September 28, 1941 – February 19, 2022) was an American professional football player who was a wide receiver for 13 seasons with the Washington Redskins of the National Football League (NFL). After playing college football for the Arizona State Sun Devils, he was selected by Washington in the first round of the 1964 NFL draft. With Taylor, the Redskins made the playoffs five times (1971–1974, 1976) and reached the Super Bowl once (VII), after the 1972 season. A six-time All-Pro and eight-time Pro Bowl selection, he was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1984.

Early life
Taylor was born in Grand Prairie, Texas. He was the second of seven children, including four girls and three boys. Taylor was raised by his mother, Myrtle, and step father, James Stevenson. His mother was a domestic worker, chef, butcher and restaurant owner. His stepfather constructed parts for airplanes.

Taylor began playing sports in junior high school, and was playing football, baseball, basketball, and running in track by the eighth grade. He played high school football at Dalworth High School. In track and field, he competed in high hurdles, discus, shot put, and long jump. Although Dalworth did not have a baseball team, he played in a summer league. He earned all-state honors in both track and football.

College career
Taylor played college football at Arizona State University (ASU) in Tempe as a halfback and defensive back. He was selected to the All-Western Athletic Conference team as a halfback. Following his final season with the Sun Devils, Taylor played in the East-West Shrine Game, the Hula Bowl, and the All-American Bowl. He also played in the College All-Star Game against the Chicago Bears in August 1964 and was named the most valuable player of the game. In his three seasons at ASU, Taylor gained 1,995 yards from scrimmage and averaged 5.7 yards per carry, while also scoring 25 touchdowns.

Taylor also pitched and played third base for the Sun Devils baseball team. However, during baseball practice, he was hit on a knee by a line drive, which ended his baseball career.

Taylor was inducted into the Arizona State Sports Hall of Fame as a charter member in 1975.

Professional career
Taylor was selected by the Washington Redskins as the third overall pick of the 1964 NFL draft. He was also selected in the AFL draft, taken ninth by the Houston Oilers. Taylor signed with Washington and won the UPI rookie of the year award as a running back, and became the first NFL rookie in 20 years to finish in the top 10 in the league in both rushing (sixth with 755 yards) and receiving (eighth, 53 receptions for 814 yards). The 53 catches were a then-record for running backs.

Although known as a successful running back, Taylor was switched to wide receiver in 1966 and led the NFL in receiving in both 1966 and 1967. He played that position for the rest of his career and had a record-tying seven seasons with 50 or more receptions. In 1972, he scored two touchdowns in Washington's win over the Dallas Cowboys in the National Football Conference Championship Game, advancing them to their first Super Bowl. They lost in Super Bowl VII to the undefeated Miami Dolphins. In the season finale in 1975, Taylor passed Don Maynard and became the NFL's all-time receptions leader with his 634th career catch on December 21 against the Philadelphia Eagles. Following Maynard's retirement in 1973, Taylor was the league's active leader in receiving yards for four seasons. He began 1974 with 7,470 yards, then 11th all-time, and climbed up to 4th.

Taylor retired following the 1977 season as the NFL's all-time leading receiver with 649 receptions, for 9,110 yards and 79 touchdowns. His career receptions record stood until 1984, when he was passed by Charlie Joiner. With 1,488 yards rushing and some kick return yardage, Taylor totaled 10,803 combined net yards. Along with his 11 touchdowns rushing, Taylor scored 540 points in his career. He was named first- or second-team All-Pro six times and was selected to eight Pro Bowls.

Taylor was named to the NFL 1960s All-Decade Team. He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1984, and was selected as one of the 70 Greatest Redskins of all time. In 1999, he was ranked number 85 on The Sporting News' list of its 100 greatest football players.

Coaching career
After retiring, Taylor was hired to work in the Redskins' front office with Bobby Mitchell as a scout. He became their receivers coach in 1981, when Joe Gibbs became the head coach. He served on the coaching staff through 1993 under Richie Petitbon, but was not retained by new head coach Norv Turner in March 1994, ending three decades with the franchise.

Personal life and death
Taylor and his wife Patricia married in 1965. The Taylors lived in Reston, Virginia. They had three children, Elizabeth, Erica, and Charles, Jr., and three grandchildren, Robyn, Jordyn, and Nathan. He did speaking engagements and served as a consultant to the Commanders.

Taylor died on February 19, 2022, in Northern Virginia, at the age of 80.

title: Charley Taylor


text:
Don Robertson (songwriter)

Donald Irwin Robertson (December 5, 1922 – March 16, 2015) was an American songwriter and pianist, in country and popular music genres. He was inducted into the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1972. As a performer, he hit the US Top 10 with "The Happy Whistler" in 1956 (peaking at No. 6). The track reached No. 8 in the UK Singles Chart the same year. It sold more than one million copies, and was awarded a gold disc.

After contracted to Capitol at the time of his biggest selling hit single, Robertson then signed a recording contract with RCA Victor. He composed and co-composed with Hal Blair (né Harold Keller Brown; 1915–2001, as well as many hits for other musicians, including Elvis Presley, who recorded five of which for Presley's films. Having resided in Lake Sherwood, California for 55 years, he died in 2015.

Best known published songs

 * "Anything That's Part of You" (performed by Elvis Presley)
 * "Does My Ring Hurt Your Finger" (with Doris Clement and John Crutchfield)
 * "Born to Be with You" (performed by The Chordettes)
 * "Hummingbird" (performed by Les Paul and Mary Ford and Frankie Laine)
 * "I Can't Seem To Say Goodbye" (performed by Jerry Lee Lewis, Jean Shepard, Hawkshaw Hawkins)
 * "I Don't Hurt Anymore" (with Walter E. Rollins), (performed by Hank Snow, Jerry Lee Lewis)
 * "I Let Her Go" (with Hal Blair), (performed by Frankie Laine)
 * "I Love You More and More Every Day" (performed by Al Martino)
 * "I Met Her Today" (with Hal Blair), (performed by Elvis Presley)
 * "I'm Counting On You" (performed by Elvis Presley)
 * "I Really Don't Want to Know" (with Howard Barnes), (performed by Les Paul and Mary Ford, Tommy Edwards, and Elvis Presley)
 * "Love Me Tonight" (performed by Elvis Presley)
 * "Ninety Miles an Hour (Down a Dead End Street)" (with Hal Blair), (performed by Hank Snow)
 * "No More" (based on the song "La Paloma", co-written with Hal Blair, (performed by Elvis Presley)
 * "Not One Minute More" (with Hal Blair), (performed by Della Reese)
 * "Please Help Me, I'm Falling" (with Hal Blair), (performed by Hank Locklin)
 * "Ringo" (with Hal Blair), (performed by Lorne Greene)
 * "Stand In" (with Hal Blair), (performed by Don Robertson himself and Jim Reeves)
 * "Starting Today" (performed by Elvis Presley)
 * "There's Always Me" (performed by Elvis Presley and Jim Reeves)
 * "They Remind Me Too Much of You" (performed by Elvis Presley)
 * "What Now, What Next, Where To (with Hal Blair), (performed by Elvis Presley)
 * "You're Free to Go" (with Lou Herscher) (performed by Carl Smith)

Legacy
Robertson often performed on the piano at Disney theme park attraction Country Bear Jamboree. His instrumental composition "Pianjo" is played by the audio-animatronic bear as the attraction’s opening number.

title: Don Robertson (songwriter)


text:
Pearse Stadium

Pearse Stadium (Páirc an Phiarsaigh) is the principal GAA stadium in Galway, Ireland. The Galway GAA Gaelic football and hurling teams use the stadium for their home games. The stadium, amongst others in the province of Connacht, is also used for games in the Connacht Senior Football Championship

Early years
The stadium opened on 16 June 1957, as 16,000 people came to watch Galway beat Tipperary in hurling, and Kerry in football, and to watch Bishop Michael Browne bless the facility. The stadium was opened by GAA President, Séamus McFerran. Among those invited were the 12 surviving members of the 1923 all-Ireland winning hurling team.

The site on which the stadium was built was known locally as The Boggers. The 17 acre site was offered to the Gaelic Athletic Association by the town secretary Sean Gillan, and terms of purchase were negotiated. Much of the land was very wet and boggy. Work was being carried out to deepen the River Corrib at the time, so the infill from the river was used to fill in parts of the pitch and give it an elevated sideline.

Pearse Stadium hosted many hurling and football matches since, but it fell into disuse in the early 1990s.

Re-opening
The stadium was renovated in 2002 and reopened in May 2003 with a capacity then set at 34,000. Since the major redevelopment of the ground, it has regularly hosted the Connacht Senior Football Championship final in recent years.

In 2006 the International Series versus Australia was played in Pearse Stadium which was the first time it took place outside GAA Headquarters Croke Park. On 21 June 2008, Irish vocal pop band Westlife held a concert for Back Home Tour supporting their album Back Home. Singer Ed Sheeran also held two concert in Pearse Stadium on 12 and 13 May 2018 and an additional stand was made so the stadium could host a total 63,000 fans over the two nights.

Parking and safety
The stadium occasionally receives negative publicity due to the lack of dedicated off-street parking. In response to repeated representations made by local residents as well as community groups campaigning on pedestrian rights and road safety issues, the Garda Siochana handed out large numbers of parking tickets on at least two occasions in October 2010. Some GAA fans saw this as harsh, and one disgruntled supporter even described the Fixed Charge Penalties issued to illegally parked vehicles as a "blatant attack" on the GAA itself. However, both the GAA County Board and the Garda Siochana were adamant that they had issued repeated warnings in advance and insisted that illegally parked vehicles were ticketed after these warnings were ignored.

A nationwide health and safety survey of GAA grounds in 2011 resulted in the certified capacity of the stadium being reduced to 26,197.

title: Pearse Stadium


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Debategate

Debategate or briefing-gate was a political scandal affecting the administration of Ronald Reagan; it took place in the final days of the 1980 presidential election. Reagan's team acquired President Jimmy Carter's briefing papers, classified top secret, that Carter used in preparation for the October 28, 1980 debate with Reagan. The briefing papers were never specified to be either vital strategy memos or just routine position papers. This leak of campaign papers was not divulged to the public until late June 1983, after Laurence Barrett published Gambling with History: Reagan in the White House, an in-depth account of the Reagan administration's first two years.

1980 presidential debate
The League of Women Voters organized two debates of the 1980 U.S. presidential election. The Republican nominee Ronald Reagan participated in both debates. Independent candidate John B. Anderson only participated in the first debate, while the Democratic nominee and incumbent President Jimmy Carter only participated in the second debate.

The first debate took place on September 21, 1980, and the second debate took place on October 28, 1980.

Key aides involved in the second Reagan debate preparation were James Baker, David Gergen, and David Stockman. They had access to briefing papers from the Carter campaign. The importance of these documents is still in question. At the time the second debate took place, Reagan was ahead in the polls with 43 percent to Carter's 37 percent with 11 percent of voters undecided. The stakes were high for this debate, especially since Carter had the possibility of an October surprise, such as the release of the hostages in Iran.

House Speaker Tip O'Neill said that the debate ultimately did not affect the outcome of the election, arguing that an unpopular Carter would have lost even if he had been seen to "win" the debate.

Investigation
The leak of the campaign papers first came to public attention in June 1983, with the publication of Laurence Barrett's Gambling with History: Reagan in the White House, an in-depth account of the Reagan administration's first two years. Comments on the matter by David Stockman, made at an Optimist Club lunch in Cassopolis, Michigan, on the day of the debate, noted that in assisting with Reagan's preparations, Stockman had had access to a "pilfered" copy of Carter's briefing book; these remarks had been reported only in local newspapers. The publication of Barrett's book saw efforts by Jody Powell and Patrick Caddell to push the issue onto the press agenda, ultimately leading to Reagan asking the Justice Department to "monitor" the issue. The president denied having any knowledge about briefing papers his campaign was thought to have obtained.

An investigation was then launched by the U.S. House Committee on Post Office and Civil Service's Subcommittee on Human Resources under the chairmanship of Donald J. Albosta (D-MI). This produced a 2,400-page report in May 1984.

James Baker swore under oath that he had received the briefing book from William Casey, Reagan's campaign manager, but Casey, then campaign manager, later CIA director, vehemently denied this. David Stockman, the head of the Office of Management and Budget, admitted using the Carter material while helping Reagan prepare for the debate. Stockman said the documents obtained were just position papers, not in question-and-answer format. Frank Hodsoll, also a member of the debate team, said that they were in Q&A form. The investigation turned up hundreds of pages of documents from the Carter campaign in Stockman's files as well as in Reagan's campaign archives at Stanford University's Hoover Institute. One document, an itinerary for Carter during the week prior to Election Day, had "report from White House mole" written on it. This seemed to confirm author Laurence Barrett's conclusion in his book that the material had been stolen. But U.S. News & World Report indicated that the document in question had been volunteered by someone working for Carter. Other papers were turned in to The Washington Post by a collector of political memorabilia who, in October 1980, had exhumed them from a dumpster behind Reagan headquarters in Arlington, Virginia. The press speculated that the Reagan campaign had been concerned that Carter would pull an October surprise during the campaign—cutting a deal with the Ayatollah Khomeini for the release of the 52 hostages held for over a year by Iran, a bombshell that some believed might have sent Carter back to the White House for four more years. Newsweek wondered whether a clandestine operation involving ex-CIA agents had been undertaken by the Reagan team to keep close tabs on the Carter campaign. This was supported by Time in its July 25, 1983, issue. According to that report, William Casey brought in former agents of both the CIA and the FBI to gather information from colleagues who were still with that agency. Jimmy Carter complained that the pilfered documents revealed the "essence" of his campaign, implying that his reelection bid had been done great harm when they fell into Republican hands.

The matter was never resolved as both the FBI and a congressional subcommittee reporting in May 1984 failed to determine how or through whom the briefing book came to the Reagan campaign. The Justice Department, in closing its investigation, cited "the professed lack of memory or knowledge on the part of those in possession of the documents". Still, it said the contradictions between Reagan aides like Baker and Casey "could be explained by differences in recollection or interpretation". In a case brought by John F. Banzhaf III, an order by a federal judge that the Justice Department appoint a special prosecutor was overturned on appeal in July 1984.

The New York Times reported the Reagan campaign headquarters conducted a data-gathering operation to collect inside information on Carter foreign policy and used a number of former CIA officials in the effort. It said Stefan Halper, a campaign aide who handled communications for Bush and provided news updates and policy ideas to the traveling Reagan party, was in charge of the operation. Halper called the report "just absolutely untrue".

Aftermath
In 2004 and again in 2005, Carter accused columnist George Will of giving the briefing book to the Reagan campaign. In a 2005 syndicated column, Will called his role in Reagan's debate preparation "inappropriate", given his position as a columnist, but denied any role in stealing the briefing book. In his column, Will quoted from a letter he had written to Carter privately: "My cursory glance at it convinced me that it was a crashing bore and next to useless—for you [Carter], or for anyone else". In response to Will's column, Carter wrote a letter to The Washington Post retracting his accusations. Carter apologized to Will for "any incorrect statement that I have ever made about his role in the use of my briefing book.... I have never thought Mr. Will took my book, that the outcome of the debate was damaging to my campaign or that Mr. Will apologized to me".

In his 2009 campaign examination Rendezvous with Destiny, Reagan biographer and historian Craig Shirley wrote that the briefing papers were passed to Casey by Paul Corbin, an aide from Ted Kennedy's failed primary campaign. According to the book, the Kennedy family and campaign workers were embittered by Carter's treatment of Kennedy's challenge in the 1980 Democratic primary, and Corbin used connections in the White House to steal the papers in revenge. Shirley also contended that the contents of the briefing book were a compilation of Reagan's earlier speeches. Shirley concluded that the theft had no effect on the race, even though Carter continued to blame his defeat on the stolen papers.

title: Debategate


text:
User talk:Legendarydairy

Hi, welcome to Wikipedia. Just a note--please don't insert articles about yourself. It's considered bad form. Also, remember that all articles have to be on topics that have some sort of encyclopedic notability--see what Wikipedia is not and related links for some information in this regard. Best wishes, Meelar (talk) 18:39, August 24, 2005 (UTC) I am quite sorry. I am simply new to wikipedia, I had no idea.

Here are some links that might help you
Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
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-- Joyous (talk) 18:59, 25 September 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Legendarydairy


text:
User:EazieCheeze

Hello, this is EazieCheeze of Huntsville, Alabama. I graduated from The University of Alabama in Huntsville in 2005, and love all things hockey.

That's about it. Still getting a hang of this Wikipedia thing.

Articles and Templates Created

 * University of Alabama in Huntsville Userbox Template (created 5 June 2006)
 * J-Crown (created 9 June 2006)
 * Memorial Parkway (Huntsville) (created 6 July 2006)
 * HSV Sports, LLC (created 11 July 2006)
 * Upperville, Virginia (created 17 July 2006)

Interests and Projects

 * Ice Hockey
 * Professional Wrestling
 * Other Sports

title: User:EazieCheeze


text:
Burning Bridges (Naked Eyes album)

Burning Bridges is the debut studio album by English new wave band Naked Eyes, released on 16 March 1983 by EMI and EMI America Records. The album was released in the United States and Canada as Naked Eyes with two tracks demoted to B-sides. The track "Always Something There to Remind Me" was released as a single and reached No. 59 on the UK Singles Chart and US No. 8 in July 1983 before "Promises, Promises" reached US No. 11 and "When the Lights Go Out" US No. 37. The album was released for the first time on CD in 2012 by Cherry Red Records.

US release
The North American release of Burning Bridges was issued in April 1983, retitled as Naked Eyes and released with an alternate cover.

The two deleted songs, "The Time Is Now" and "A Very Hard Act to Follow" were issued in the US as the B-sides of "Always Something There to Remind Me" and "Promises, Promises." The single, "Sweet Poison" was absent from the album and later issued as a single, then paired as a B-side for "Voices in My Head", both on vinyl, 7". Also, "Pit Stop" was released as a B-side for "Always Something There to Remind Me" on vinyl, 12", maxi-single, in late 1982.

Personnel
Naked Eyes
 * Pete Byrne – vocals
 * Rob Fisher – keyboards (Fairlight CMI, Synclavier 2, PPG Wave 2.2, E-mu Emulator, Oberheim OB-Xa, Prophet-5), grand piano, harpsichord

Additional musicians
 * Tony Mansfield – guitars, bass guitar, Simmons drums, LinnDrum programming, Linn LM-1 programming
 * Phil Towner – drums
 * C. C. Smith – horns
 * Martin Dobson – saxophone, flute

Tony Mansfield is listed as having played "guitar" (but not "bass guitar") on the British version of the album (Burning Bridges), while on the American version (self-titled), he is listed as playing "bass guitar" (but not "guitar"). It thus seems reasonable to assume that he played both instruments on the album.

Production
 * Tony Mansfield – producer
 * Hadyn Bendall – engineer
 * Jules Bowen – engineer
 * Bill Smith – art direction, design
 * Andrew Douglas – photography

title: Burning Bridges (Naked Eyes album)


text:
Estonian Nature Fund

Estonian Fund for Nature (Eestimaa Looduse Fond) or ELF is an Estonian environmental non-profit organisation.

Mission
Mission of ELF is to preserve the rich natural diversity in Estonia and the world through active cooperation with individuals, business enterprises, organizations and state institutions through the following activities:

 * protection of endangered species and their habitats;
 * preservation of characteristic Estonian landscapes and habitats;
 * promotion of sustainable use of natural resources;
 * raising public awareness about environmental issues;
 * finding solutions to preserve clean environment for future generations

Founding
ELF was established in 1991 by biologists and conservationists and in close co-operation with World Wide Fund for Nature. WWF has remained ELF's main international co-operation partner. ELF is a member of IUCN.

Board and Executives
Board members:

 * Rainer Nõlvak - Chairman of the Board
 * Rein Einasto
 * Üllas Ehrlich
 * Andres Tarand
 * Katarina Veem
 * Lembit Maamets
 * Riinu Rannap
 * Henri Laupmaa
 * Ahti Heinla
 * Anneli Palo
 * Pille Tomson
 * Riinu Rannap

The board is directing the activity of ELF convenes four times in a year and one third of its members will be re-elected in every two years (even years). The task of the Board is to give guidelines to the Executive Committee, workers and volunteers in planning the activities (approving annually the action plan and budget) and to counsel workers of the Fund in treating various issues. Members of the Board work on the voluntary basis.

Members of Executive Board in 2018:

Tarmo Tüür, Siim Kuresoo, Kadri Kalmus, Silvia Lotman and Kärt Vaarmari

Achievements
After the restoration of independence of Estonia in 1991 a political decision was taken to restitute properties including land to the former owners or their descendants. Since it is much easier to form new protected areas when the land is owned by the state, ELF took quick action to safeguard the future of valuable areas by proposing the establishment of new big protected areas and natural parks. This led to the formation of Soomaa and Karula national parks and Alam-Pedja Nature Reserve. The area of these taken together is about 740 sq kilometres.

During the following years, ELF has played a significant role in the establishment of tens of other smaller protected areas in Estonia. ELF has carried on inventories of valuable habitats - wetlands, old-growth forests and meadows and participates in designing the Natura 2000 network of protected areas. In recent years ELF has more and more activities dedicated to environmental education, public awareness and public participation in environmental decisions and activities.

Founders

 * 1) Aare Mäemets
 * 2) Ain Raitviir
 * 3) Aivar Leito
 * 4) Aleksander Heintalu
 * 5) Andres Koppel
 * 6) Andres Kuresoo
 * 7) Andrus Ausmees
 * 8) Ann Marvet
 * 9) Helve Anton
 * 10) Arne Kaasik
 * 11) Eerik Leibak
 * 12) Einar Tammur
 * 13) Erik Sikk
 * 14) Ervin Pihu
 * 15) Fred Jüssi
 * 16) Hans Trass
 * 17) Indrek Rohtmets
 * 18) Ivar Jüssi
 * 19) Jaan Viidalepp
 * 20) Jüri Keskpaik
 * 21) Kalevi Kull
 * 22) Kristjan Moora
 * 23) Mart Jüssi
 * 24) Mart Külvik
 * 25) Mart Niklus
 * 26) Martin Zobel
 * 27) Mati Kaal
 * 28) Nikolai Laanetu
 * 29) Peeter Ernits
 * 30) Aivo Pidim
 * 31) Rein Kuresoo
 * 32) Tiina Talvi
 * 33) Tiit Maran
 * 34) Tiiu Keskpaik
 * 35) Tiiu Kull
 * 36) Toomas Jüriado
 * 37) Toomas Tiivel
 * 38) Ülle Kukk
 * 39) Vaike Hang
 * 40) Veljo Ranniku
 * 41) Vilju Lilleleht

title: Estonian Nature Fund


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Hector trevino

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was speedy delete. [[smoddy ]] 17:14, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

Hector trevino
vanity, non-notable Christy747 18:41, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

 * delete. nn. Couldn't find any relevant Google hits. Fang Aili 19:14, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy, really. WP:ISNOT the White Pages. Flowerparty  talk 19:35, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy. I added the tag.  Friday (talk) 19:36, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
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