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SAGE-AU

SAGE-AU was an Australian non-profit professional association of system administrators. SAGE-AU was originally formed to provide the same services for Australian system administrators as the SAGE organisation did in the United States, but was completely independent of that entity since SAGE-AU's formation in 1993. SAGE-AU was incorporated in the state of Victoria.

SAGE-AU's mission was to provide services to system administrators to assist in their day-to-day work. In October 2016, SAGE-AU was formally wound up and its assets were transferred to ITPA (Information Technology Professionals Association).

Official deregistration was confirmed in writing by the Victorian Government Department of Justice and Regulation on 22 May 2018.

Major activities

 * Hosted several annual events, including The Australian System Administrator's Conference.
 * Monthly meetings in New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia, and Western Australia.
 * Quarterly journals.

National conference
The SAGE-AU national conference, otherwise known as The Australian System Administrator's Conference, was held annually for 18 years, from 1993 until 2011.

 * 2011 – 19 to 23 September, Hilton on the Park, Melbourne, Victoria
 * 2010 - 9 to 13 August, Wrest Point Hotel Casino, Hobart, Tasmania
 * 2009 – 10 to 14 August, The Courtyard Marriott, Surfers Paradise, Queensland
 * 2008 – 11 to 15 August, Holiday Inn, Adelaide, South Australia
 * 2007 – 23 to 27 July, Carlton Crest Parramatta Hotel, Sydney, New South Wales
 * 2006 – 24 to 28 July, Chifley on Northbourne. Canberra, Australian Capital Territory
 * 2005 - 5 to 9 September, Rendezvous Observation Hotel. Perth, Western Australia
 * 2004 – 16 to 20 August, The Bardon Centre. Brisbane, Queensland
 * 2003 – 14 to 18 August, Hobart Grand Chancellor. Hobart, Tasmania
 * 2002 - 5 to 9 August, Novotel on Collins. Melbourne, Victoria
 * 2001 - 9 to 13 July, Grosvenor Vista Hotel. Adelaide, South Australia
 * 2000 - 3 to 7 July, Bond University Conference Centre. Gold Coast, Queensland
 * 1999 - 5 to 9 July, Novotel Brighton Beach. Sydney, New South Wales
 * 1998 - 6 to 10 July, Old Parliament House. Canberra, Australian Capital Territory
 * 1997 – 14 to 18 July, Melbourne Zoo. Melbourne, Victoria
 * 1996 – 16 to 19 July, The University of Queensland. Brisbane, Queensland
 * 1995 – 12 to 14 July, The University of Wollongong. Wollongong, New South Wales
 * 1994 – 11 to 13 July, The University of Western Australia. Perth, Western Australia
 * 1993 - 7 to 9 July, The University of Melbourne. Melbourne, Victoria

Regional conferences
Starting in 1999, a number of local SAGE-AU chapters ran one-day "mini conferences".
 * 2007 - Tasmanian IT Summer Conference. Held in Hobart on 19 February 2007
 * 2007 - SAGE-VIC IT Symposium. Held in Melbourne on 16 February 2007
 * 2006 - SAGE-VIC IT Symposium. Held in Melbourne on 28 April 2006
 * 2006 - Tasmanian IT Summer Conference. Held in Hobart on 20 February 2006
 * 2005 - SAGE-VIC IT Symposium. Held in Melbourne on 11 March 2005
 * 2004 - SAGE-VIC IT Symposium. Held in Melbourne on 12 March 2004
 * 2004 - Tasmanian IT Summer Conference. Held in Hobart on 23 February 2004
 * 2003 - Tasmanian IT Summer Conference. Held in Hobart on 24 February 2003
 * 2002 - Tasmanian IT Summer Conference (in conjunction with AUUG). Held in Hobart on 20 March 2002
 * 2001 - Tasmanian IT Summer Conference (in conjunction with AUUG). Held in Hobart
 * 2000 - Tasmanian IT Summer Conference (in conjunction with AUUG). Held in Hobart
 * 1999 - Tasmanian IT Summer Conference (in conjunction with AUUG). Held in Hobart

SAGE-AU presidents
The President of SAGE-AU, along with the rest of the National Executive Committee, are elected through a nomination process. Terms come into effect after the end of each Annual General Meeting, with some exceptions, listed below.

 * 2 April 1993 to 8 July 1993 - Hal Miller (see note 1)
 * 8 July 1993 to 12 July 1994 - Hal Miller
 * 12 July 1994 to 13 July 1995 - Glenn Huxtable
 * 13 July 1995 to 18 July 1996 - Glenn Huxtable
 * 18 July 1996 to 17 July 1997 - Craig Bishop
 * 17 July 1997 to 9 July 1998 - Craig Bishop
 * 9 July 1998 to 8 July 1999 - Paul Young
 * 8 July 1999 to 6 July 2000 - David Conran
 * 6 July 2000 to 5 February 2001 - Andrew Van Der Stock (see note 2)
 * 5 February 2001 to 12 July 2001 - Andrew Hennell (see note 3)
 * 12 July 2001 to 8 August 2002 - Andrew Hennell
 * 8 August 2002 to 7 August 2003 Andrew Hennell
 * 7 August 2003 to 19 August 2004 - Donna Ashelford
 * 19 August 2004 to 8 September 2005 - Phil Kernick
 * 8 September 2005 to 27 July 2006 - Phil Kernick
 * 27 July 2006 to 26 July 2007 - Phil Kernick
 * 26 July 2007 to 3 February 2011 - Donna Ashelford (see note 4)
 * 3 February 2011 to 22 September 2011 - Stephen "Max" Gillies (see note 5)
 * 22 September 2011 to 19 September 2012 - Stephen "Max" Gillies (see note 6)
 * 19 September 2012 to deregistration - Robert Hudson (see note 7)

1. Was named Interim President at a Special General Meeting on 2 April 1993. 2. Resigned. 3. Was named President by a vote of the standing National Executive Committee at that time. 4. Resigned. 5. Was named President by a vote of the standing National Executive Committee at that time. 6. Resigned 7. Was named President by a vote of the standing National Executive Committee at that time, re-elected unopposed as President at the October 2012 AGM.

Similar organisations
SAGE-AU was wound up in 2016, and replaced by ITPA.

These are some of the similar organisations in other countries. See also System administrator for others.

 * League of Professional System Administrators
 * SAGE (USA)
 * SAGE-WISE (Wales, Ireland, Scotland, England)
 * System Administrators Guild of Ireland

title: SAGE-AU


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Oil (The Young Ones)

"Oil" is the second episode of British sitcom The Young Ones. It was written by Ben Elton, Rik Mayall and Lise Mayer, and directed by Paul Jackson. It was first aired on BBC2 on 16 November 1982.

Plot
The guys settle into their new house after the destruction of their previous abode in the show's pilot episode and allocate the bedrooms. As Rick and Vyvyan argue over one bedroom, Mike discovers Buddy Holly (Ronnie Golden) in his, having survived the plane crash on The Day the Music Died by parachuting out and smashing through the roof. He is still tangled in the parachute and hanging upside down from the ceiling, and he proceeds to sing Mike a song about the diet of insects on which he has subsisted since that day in 1959. Mike dreams of getting rich off the song, but his plan ends abruptly when Holly falls loose and hits the floor, breaking his neck. Dragging the body into the cellar, Mike discovers two elderly men lying on their backs under a bare light bulb and hallucinating that they are adrift at sea. Rick and Vyvyan give the room they have been arguing over to Neil after Vyvyan sets its bed on fire, and Mike briefly converts Rick's room into a roller disco and charges him admission to enter.

After a solo match of Murder in the Dark, Vyvyan announces that he has struck oil in the cellar, and instantly forms a coalition with Mike (whom Vyvyan calls "El Presidente") to extract and sell it. They decide to use Rick and Neil as slave labor, with Vyvyan enforcing discipline by beating the two with a cricket bat as they lie on the floor. After Neil inadvertently impales Vyvyan through the head with a pickaxe while digging for the oil, Rick tries to start a workers' revolution and organises a benefit concert in the house. The effort fails, though, as the band (fronted by Alexei Sayle in his Balowski persona) demands a large fee and Rick has not bothered to sell any tickets.

During the end credits, a disoriented but conscious Vyvyan stumbles around the cellar, swinging a pickaxe at random. He ends by addressing the camera, saying that he lied about finding oil.

The episode featured a performance of "Doctor Martens' Boots" by the fictional electronic band Radical Posture, with Sayle on lead vocals.

Voice overdubs were added to the opening scene of this episode replacing original lines on DVD reissues of the series.

Characters
As with all episodes of The Young Ones, the main four characters were student flatmates Mike (Christopher Ryan); Vyvyan (Adrian Edmondson); Rick (Rik Mayall) and Neil (Nigel Planer). Alexei Sayle appeared as Alexei Balowski, a protest singer and nephew of the students' landlord Jerzei.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Oil (The Young Ones)


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Live Recordings 2004

Live Recordings 2004 is the first EP by English alternative rock band Keane, first released in late spring 2005 (see 2005 in music). Six songs are featured on the record, recorded during the first part of the Hopes and Fears Tour. All tracks appear on the band's debut album, Hopes and Fears, excepting "Allemande" which appeared on the "This Is the Last Time" first version single.

It was only released in the following countries:
 * Austria
 * Belgium
 * Canada
 * Czech Republic
 * France (Only with Hopes and Fears)
 * Germany
 * Hungary
 * Iceland
 * Ireland
 * Italy
 * Mexico
 * the Netherlands
 * Norway
 * Spain
 * Switzerland
 * UK (Very rare, only selected shops imported from Germany)

There was a competition to win a limited edition DVD containing Keane videos. The details were included in the inner cover of the album.

title: Live Recordings 2004


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Neutral-density filter

In photography and optics, a neutral-density filter, or ND filter, is a filter that reduces or modifies the intensity of all wavelengths, or colors, of light equally, giving no changes in hue of color rendition. It can be a colorless (clear) or grey filter, and is denoted by Wratten number 96. The purpose of a standard photographic neutral-density filter is to reduce the amount of light entering the lens. Doing so allows the photographer to select combinations of aperture, exposure time and sensor sensitivity that would otherwise produce overexposed pictures. This is done to achieve effects such as a shallower depth of field or motion blur of a subject in a wider range of situations and atmospheric conditions.

For example, one might wish to photograph a waterfall at a slow shutter speed to create a deliberate motion-blur effect. The photographer might determine that to obtain the desired effect, a shutter speed of ten seconds was needed. On a very bright day, there might be so much light that even at minimal film speed and a minimal aperture, the ten-second shutter speed would let in too much light, and the photo would be overexposed. In this situation, applying an appropriate neutral-density filter is the equivalent of stopping down one or more additional stops, allowing the slower shutter speed and the desired motion-blur effect.

Mechanism
For an ND filter with optical density d, the fraction of the optical power transmitted through the filter can be calculated as
 * $$\text{Fractional transmittance} \equiv \frac{I}{I_0} = 10^{-d},$$

where I is the intensity after the filter, and I0 is the incident intensity.

Uses

The use of an ND filter allows the photographer to use a larger aperture that is at or below the diffraction limit, which varies depending on the size of the sensory medium (film or digital) and for many cameras is between f/8 and f/11, with smaller sensory medium sizes needing larger-sized apertures, and larger ones able to use smaller apertures. ND filters can also be used to reduce the depth of field of an image (by allowing the use of a larger aperture) where otherwise not possible due to a maximal shutter speed limit.

Instead of reducing the aperture to limit light, the photographer can add a ND filter to limit light, and can then set the shutter speed according to the particular motion desired (blur of water movement, for example) and the aperture set as needed (small aperture for maximal sharpness or large aperture for narrow depth of field (subject in focus and background out of focus)). Using a digital camera, the photographer can see the image right away and choose the best ND filter to use for the scene being captured by first knowing the best aperture to use for maximal sharpness desired. The shutter speed would be selected by finding the desired blur from subject movement. The camera would be set up for these in manual mode, and then the overall exposure adjusted darker by adjusting either aperture or shutter speed, noting the number of stops needed to bring the exposure to that which is desired. That offset would then be the amount of stops needed in the ND filter to use for that scene.

Examples of this use include:
 * Blurring water motion (e.g. waterfalls, rivers, oceans).
 * Reducing depth of field in very bright light (e.g. daylight).
 * When using a flash on a camera with a focal-plane shutter, exposure time is limited to the maximal speed (often 1/250th of a second, at best), at which the entire film or sensor is exposed to light at one instant. Without an ND filter, this can result in the need to use f/8 or higher.
 * Using a wider aperture to stay below the diffraction limit.
 * Reduce the visibility of moving objects.
 * Add motion blur to subjects.
 * Extended time exposures

Neutral-density filters are used to control exposure with photographic catadioptric lenses, since the use of a traditional iris diaphragm increases the ratio of the central obstruction found in those systems, leading to poor performance.

ND filters find applications in several high-precision laser experiments because the power of a laser cannot be adjusted without changing other properties of the laser light (e.g. collimation of the beam). Moreover, most lasers have a minimal power setting at which they can be operated. To achieve the desired light attenuation, one or more neutral-density filters can be placed in the path of the beam.

Large telescopes can cause the Moon and planets to become too bright and lose contrast. A neutral-density filter can increase the contrast and cut down the brightness, making these objects easier to view.

Varieties
A graduated ND filter is similar, except that the intensity varies across the surface of the filter. This is useful when one region of the image is bright and the rest is not, as in a picture of a sunset.

The transition area, or edge, is available in different variations (soft, hard, attenuator). The most common is a soft edge and provides a smooth transition from the ND side and the clear side. Hard-edge filters have a sharp transition from ND to clear, and the attenuator edge changes gradually over most of the filter, so the transition is less noticeable.

Another type of ND filter configuration is the ND-filter wheel. It consists of two perforated glass disks that have progressively denser coating applied around the perforation on the face of each disk. When the two disks are counter-rotated in front of each other, they gradually and evenly go from 100% transmission to 0% transmission. These are used on catadioptric telescopes mentioned above and in any system that is required to work at 100% of its aperture (usually because the system is required to work at its maximal angular resolution).

In practice, ND filters are not perfect, as they do not reduce the intensity of all wavelengths equally. This can sometimes create color casts in recorded images, particularly with inexpensive filters. More significantly, most ND filters are only specified over the visible region of the spectrum and do not proportionally block all wavelengths of ultraviolet or infrared radiation. This can be dangerous if using ND filters to view sources (such as the Sun or white-hot metal or glass), which emit intense invisible radiation, since the eye may be damaged even though the source does not look bright when viewed through the filter. Special filters must be used if such sources are to be safely viewed.

An inexpensive, homemade alternative to professional ND filters can be made from a piece of welder's glass. Depending on the rating of the welder's glass, this can have the effect of a 10-stop filter.

Variable neutral-density filter
The main disadvantage of neutral-density filters is that different situations might require a range of different filters. This can become an expensive proposition, especially if using screw filters with different lens filter sizes, which would require carrying a set for each diameter of lens carried (although inexpensive step-up rings can eliminate this requirement). To counter this problem, some manufacturers have created variable ND filters. These can work by placing two polarizing filters together, at least one of which can rotate. The rear polarizing filter cuts out light in one plane. As the front element is rotated, it cuts out an increasing amount of the remaining light, the closer the front filters comes to being perpendicular to the rear filter. By using this technique, the amount of light reaching the sensor can be varied with almost infinite control.

The advantage of this approach is reduced bulk and expenses, but one drawback is a loss of image quality caused by both using two elements together and by combining two polarizing filters.

Extreme ND filters
To create ethereal looking landscapes and seascapes with extremely blurred water or other motion, the use of multiple stacked ND filters might be required. This has, as in the case of variable NDs, the effect of reducing image quality. To counter this, some manufacturers have produced high-quality extreme ND filters. Typically these are rated at a 10-stop reduction, allowing very slow shutter speeds even in relatively bright conditions.

Ratings
In photography, ND filters are quantified by their optical density or equivalently their f-stop reduction. In microscopy, the transmittance value is sometimes used. In astronomy, the fractional transmittance is sometimes used (eclipses).

 * Note: Hoya, B+W, Cokin use code ND2 or ND2x, etc.; Lee, Tiffen use code 0.3ND, etc.; Leica uses code 1×, 4×, 8×, etc.
 * Note: ND 3.8 is the correct value for solar CCD exposure without risk of electronic damage.
 * Note: ND 5.0 is the minimum for direct eye solar observation without damage of retina. A further check must be performed for the particular filter used, checking on the spectrogram that also UV and IR are mitigated with the same value.
 * Note: ANSI shades are defined by standard as ranges with central values. They are here approximated using the equation from ANSI Z87.1, $$S = \dfrac{7}{3} log_{10}\dfrac{1}{T_{L}} + 1$$, which bases luminous transmittance ($$T_{L}$$) on CIE Illuminant A; ANSI shade numbers have much lower limits for ultraviolet transmittance.

title: Neutral-density filter


text: Template:Infobox French commune

title: Template:Infobox French commune


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Talk:Alterity

Move to Wiktionary
This ought to be more than a dictionary entry - see Other. Possibly redirect there. Charles Matthews 10:47, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

 * In Continental philosophy, the relation between the terms "same" and "identity" is not the same as the relation between the terms "Other" and "alterity". The term "Other" is usually used in the context of ethics (see also Face-to-face), while the term "alterity" is usually (but not exclusively) used in the context of ontology (sometimes along with the term "indeterminacy"). Thus, I would be reluctant to support a merger of the two articles. --Omnipaedista (talk) 06:24, 17 November 2013 (UTC)

 * Agree. To not merge. LookingGlass (talk) 16:36, 23 November 2013 (UTC)

e.g Lacan et al
I think it would be helpful to expand the entry here to ouitline the ways the term has been used/appropriated by "others" e.g in the article on Lacan on the "Big other". LookingGlass (talk) 17:38, 23 November 2013 (UTC)

Unnecessary Brackets
The paragraph on uses of the term in popular media has a lot of words bracketed for unclear reasons. I'm guessing that these were meant to be links, perhaps. Does someone want to try to establish real links there (if there are other Wikipedia pages to which to link on those terms)? If not, it seems best to remove the brackets and clean up the article. Thanks. Mgllama (talk) 23:15, 1 May 2015 (UTC)

Important term
I'm surprised to see someone has marked this as "low importance" on the philosophy scale. I would have thought it was very important. However, perhaps that is because the term is more central to literary theory than to philosophy. But we do need a good article here, and at the moment this is not at all good. It reads like a series of unconnected sentences from somebody's lecture notes. Sorry. --Doric Loon (talk) 09:29, 22 January 2016 (UTC) :Further to this I have removed a chunk of the lead exactly because it reads like that.

 * If it can be worked into the article, usefully, that would be good, otherwise it is mystical sentences without context.

 * All the best: Rich Farmbrough, 19:40, 9 April 2019 (UTC).

Alterity is not a term with a historical tradition like 'epistomology' but a generic discription
I think the page suffers from the confusion that because authors use the same word, does not mean they are of the same tradition or even share the same use of the word, which is in itself a word common enough and general enough to be picked up independently from many authors. I don't see compelling evidence supporting the grouping together of many of the names on this page. Very lazy compartmentalization

This is a problem with translations, if an author uses the word alterite and the translator decides to leave it untranslated, it give the illusion of it being a weighty technical term, rich with history and traditional application. Gross faux techne pseudo languages CantingCrew (talk) 19:02, 20 June 2020 (UTC)CantingCrew

title: Talk:Alterity


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Thames & Hudson

Thames & Hudson (sometimes T&H for brevity) is a publisher of illustrated books in all visually creative categories: art, architecture, design, photography, fashion, film, and the performing arts. It also publishes books on archaeology, history, and popular culture.

Headquartered in London, it has a sister company in New York City, and subsidiaries in Melbourne, Singapore, and Hong Kong. In Paris it has a sister company, Éditions Thames & Hudson, and a subsidiary called Interart which distributes English-language books. The Thames & Hudson group currently employs approximately 150 staff in London and approximately 65 more around the world.

The publishing company was founded in 1949 by Walter and Eva Neurath, who aimed to make the world of art and the research of top scholars available to a wider public. The company's name reflects its international presence, particularly in London and New York. It remains an independent, family-owned company, and is one of the largest publishers of illustrated books, with over 2,000 titles in print.

History
Walter Neurath was born in Vienna in 1903, and ran an art gallery and published illustrated books there. In 1938, he left for London, where he initially worked as production director of Adprint, a London book-packaging company established by fellow Viennese émigré Wolfgang Foges. While at Adprint, Neurath designed and produced the hardback King Penguin Books, and developed the book series Britain in Pictures which integrated images with text rather than separating them into "plates" sections.

Neurath and Foges helped pioneer the concept of book packaging and co-edition publishing, in which books are conceived, commissioned, and produced, and then sold to publishers in different markets, countries, and languages, in order to create large print-runs and thereby lower costs.

Wishing to take book packaging and international publication further, and recognizing the need to defray the high production costs of illustrated books, in 1949 Neurath established his own publishing house, establishing offices in London and New York, and named the company Thames & Hudson to indicate it would publish in both British and North American markets, with reference to the River Thames and the Hudson River. Eva Feuchtwang (later Eva Neurath), who had arrived with her second husband in London from Berlin in 1939, was co-founder; she married Neurath in 1950 following the death of his wife. Neurath's stated intention with his new publishing company was to create a "museum without walls", a way of bringing art to the masses at a price they could afford.

Thames & Hudson published ten titles in its first year of 1950, including English Cathedrals with photographs by Martin Hürlimann, and Albert Einstein's Out of My Later Years.

Increasing the number of titles published year over year, by 1956 Thames & Hudson had outgrown its High Holborn offices and moved to Bloomsbury Street just off Bedford Square, which was at the time the centre of London book publishing. Remaining at that address for 43 years, it moved back to High Holborn in 1999.

In 1958, Thames & Hudson launched one of its best-known series, the World of Art. Pocket-sized and with black spines, the series grew to 49 titles within seven years, and has currently produced over 300 titles.

Other major series have included Ancient People and Places, edited by archaeologist Glyn Daniel, which eventually included over 100 titles, and the large-format Great Civilizations series, published from 1961, featuring contributions by Alan Bullock, Asa Briggs, Hugh Trevor-Roper, A. J. P. Taylor, John Julius Norwich and others.

Walter Neurath died in 1967 at the age of 63, and Eva Neurath became chairman of the company until her death in 1999. Walter's son Thomas, who with his sister Constance had joined the company in 1961, became managing director upon Walter's death; Constance later served as art director for several decades. Both Thomas and Constance are on the company's board of directors, and as of 2022 Thomas's daughters Johanna and Susanna are as well.

title: Thames & Hudson


text:
Kalbarri, Western Australia

Kalbarri is a coastal town in the Mid West region located 592 km north of Perth, Western Australia. The town is located at the mouth of the Murchison River, which has an elevation of 6 m. It is connected by public transport to Perth via Transwa coach services N1 and N2.

History
Kalbarri is a part of the traditional lands of the Nanda people who were recognised as the traditional owners of more than 17000 km2 of land and water in the Yamatji region, in Western Australia, on 28 November 2018. Nanda people have been awarded exclusive native title rights over several key areas including Paradise Flats, Bully, Wilgie Mia, Mooliabatanya and Syphon pools.

The story of the Beemarra serpent is the central dreaming story of Nanda people. The Beemarra is, according to Nanda culture, an ancestral being responsible for the creation of the land and waters in the region

Kalbarri was named after an Aboriginal man from the Nanda tribe and is also the name of an edible seed.

The cliffs near the river mouth were named after a trading ship, the Zuytdorp, that was wrecked there in 1712.

The area became a popular fishing and tourist spot in the 1940s and by 1948 the state government declared a townsite. Lots were soon surveyed and the town was gazetted in 1951.

In April 2021 the town suffered serious damage from Tropical Cyclone Seroja.

Tourism
The town is geared towards tourism and fishing, with attractions including the daily pelican feeding, the Kalbarri National Park, Murchison River Gorge and the Murchison River. There are two charter boats to go on to view the Murchison River. The town attracts 200,000 tourists every year, with the population of the town swelling to 8,000 during holiday seasons. Electricity to the town and hotels is supplied by a fragile 33kV power line from the central grid. To increase grid stability, a 5MW/2MWh grid battery is installed.

The Kalbarri National Park is home to a phenomenon of geography and geology known as the Z Bend, a tourist lookout, and "Nature's Window", a rock formation overlooking hundreds of kilometres of Murchison River. The Rainbow Jungle (The Australian Parrot Breeding Centre), located a few kilometres south of the town centre, features hundreds of exotic species of birds in their native habitat plus a walk-in cage allowing humans to interact with the birds. Red Bluff and other coastal cliffs and formations are located south of the town.

Climate
Kalbarri lies in the warm-summer Mediterranean climate zone (Köppen: Csa), bordering the more tropical semi-arid climate (BSh) zone. Winters are mild with warm days and occasional heavy precipitation, while summers are hot and dry with the occasional storm or more rarely a decaying tropical cyclone. On 11 April 2021 the town was struck by Category 3 Cyclone Seroja, causing significant damage and causing widespread power outages.

In popular culture
Kalbarri was featured at the end of the 2005 film Wolf Creek when character Ben Mitchell (Nathan Phillips) was airlifted to hospital from Kalbarri Airport.

In the television series Prison Break, character James Whistler states he is originally from Kalbarri.

title: Kalbarri, Western Australia


text:
User:Xtrump/work in progress

Benedict Arnold (grandfather)
Benedict Arnold, (died 1678) was Governor of Rhode Island three times, from 1663 – 1666, 1669 – 1672 and 1677 – 1678. He was the great grandfather of the notorious traitor General Benedict Arnold of Revolutionary War fame. His father, William Arnold (born in Leamington, Warwickshire, in 1587), came to Providence in 1636, and was associated with Roger Williams as one of the fifty-four proprietors in the first settlement of Rhode island.

(awaiting copyright permission)

Benedict Arnold

 * For other people of the same name, see Benedict Arnold (disambiguation).

Benedict Arnold V (January 14, 1741–June 14, 1801) was a general in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. He later defected to the Loyalist side when he became disgruntled due to perceived grievances he had suffered at the hands of Congress and the military. Corruption charges filed against him by Pennsylvania civil authorities and his mounting debts also no doubt contibuted to his decision to switch sides. He was strongly opposed and very indignant at the decision by the Continental Congress to form an alliance with France, having experienced a bitter defeat at the hands of the French and their Indian allies during the French and Indian War.

In 1780, he formed a plot to take control of the fort at West Point, New York, and hand it over to the British. This would have given the Tory forces control of the entire Hudson River valley and effectively split the colonies in two. The plot was thwarted in time, but Arnold was able to evade capture. He was handed a commission as Brigadier General in the British Army, (along with £6000 sterling as blood money). The name Benedict Arnold has become an eponym for "traitor" in the English language, particularly in the United States.

Early life
Benedict Arnold V was born the second of six children to Benedict Arnold III and Hannah Waterman King in Norwich, Connecticut. He was named after his great-grandfather, an early colonial governor of Rhode Island. His parents had another son, named Benedict Arnold IV, who died in infancy before Benedict Arnold V was born. Only Benedict and his sister Hannah survived to adulthood, the other four siblings succumbed to yellow fever while still children.

The Arnold family was financially well-to-do until Arnold's father made several bad business deals that plunged the family into debt. When this happened Arnold senior turned to alcohol for solace. At age fourteen Benedict was forced to withdraw from school because the family could no longer afford the cost.

His father's abuse of alcohol and his ill health prevented him from training his son in the family mercantile business, but his mother's family connections secured an apprenticeship for him with two of her cousins, the brothers Daniel and Joshua Lathrop. The two ran a successful apothecary and general merchandise trade in Norwich.

At age fifteen Benedict ran away and enlisted in the Connecticut militia, marching to Albany and Lake George to resist the French invasion from Canada during the French and Indian War. (See Battle of Fort William Henry).

It is not clear if Benedict Arnold took part in the battle. Some sources claim he deserted and made his way home alone through the wilderness. Another source states his mother used her influence to obtain his discharge based on his young age.

In any case the British suffered a humiliating defeat at the hands of the French under the command of Louis Joseph Marquis de Montcalm. Subsequent to the British surrender, the native warrior allies of the French were filled with outrage by the easy terms offered to the British and Colonial forces. They had been promised scalps, arms and booty, and none was forth coming. They fell upon the prisoners as they were being escorted away and as many as 180 were massacred. The French regulars were powerless to stop them. See Fort William Henry Massacre It is mere speculation, but this event may have created an abiding hatred for the French on a young and impressionable Arnold that influenced his actions later in life.

Arnold's mother, to whom he was especially close, died in 1759. The youth took on the responsibility of supporting his ailing father and younger sister. His father's alcoholism became worse after the death of his wife and he was arrested on several occasions for public drunkeness, and also refused communion by his church. With his father's death in 1761, the then twenty-one year old Benedict Arnold resolved to return his family name to the elevated status it had once enjoyed.

Pre-Revolutionary activities
In 1762, with the help of the Lathrops, Arnold established himself in business as druggist and bookseller in New Haven, Connecticut.

Arnold was ambitious and aggressive, quickly expanding his business. In 1763 he repurchased the family homestead that his father had sold when deeply in debt. One year later he re-sold it for a substantial profit. In 1764 he formed a partnership with Adam Babcock another young New Haven merchant. Using the profits from the sale of his homestead he and Babcock bought three trading ships. By 1765 they had established a lucrative West Indies trade. During this time he brought his sister Hannah to New Haven and established her in his apothecary to manage the business in his absence. He traveled extensively in the course of his business, throughout New England and from Quebec to the West Indies, often in command of one of his own ships.

The Stamp Act of 1765 severely curtailed mercantile trade in the colonies. Arnold initially took no part in any public demonstrations, but like many merchants by 1766 conducted trade as if the Stamp Act did not exist, in effect becoming a smuggler in defiance of the act.

On the night of January 31,1767 Arnold took part in a demonstration denouncing the acts of the British Parliament and their oppressive colonial policy. Local crown officials were burned in effigy. He and members of his crew roughed up a man suspected of being a smuggling informant. Arnold was arrested and fined fifty shillings for disturbing the peace.

The oppressive taxes levied by parliament forced many New England merchants out of business. Arnold himself came near to personal ruin, falling £ 15,000 sterling in debt.

Arnold fought a duel in Honduras with a British sea captain, who called Arnold a "Dammed Yankee, destitute of good manners or those of a gentleman". Arnold was shocked by the rudeness and challenged him to a duel. The captain was wounded and forced to apologize.

Arnold was in the West Indies when the Boston Massacre occurred on March 15, 1770, but later wrote that he was "very much shocked" and wrote "good God; are the Americans all asleep and tamely giving up their liberties, or are they all turned philosophers, that they don't take immediate vengeance on such miscreants". He was himself very much aware of the growing British presence in the colonies. The statement of his shows his original sentiment as an American patriot and unwillingness to allow the mother country to meddle in American affairs.

On 22 February 1767, he married Margaret, daughter of Samuel Mansfield. They had three sons, Benedict, Richard, and Henry. She died 19 June 1775.

Ticonderoga
In March 1775 a group of sixty-five New Haven residents were formed into the Governor’s 2nd Company of Connecticut Guards. Arnold was chosen as their captain. As captain he organized training and exercises in preparation for war. On Friday, April 21, 1775 news reached New Haven of the opening battles of the revolution at Lexington and Concord, A few Yale student volunteers were admitted into the guard to boost their numbers and they began a march to Massachusetts to join the revolution.

On the route Arnold met with Colonel Samuel Holden Parsons, a Connecticut legislator. They discussed the shortage of cannons possessed by the revolutionary forces and, knowing of the large number of cannon located at Fort Ticonderoga on Lake Champlain agreed an expedition to capture the fort should be formed. Parsons continued on to Hartford where he raised funds to establish a force under the command of Captain Edward Mott. Mott was instructed to link up with Ethan Allen and his Green Mountain Boys at Bennington, Vermont. Meanwhile Arnold and his Connecticut militia continued on to Cambridge where Arnold convinced the Massachusetts Committee of Safety to fund an expedition to take the fort. They appointed him a Colonel in the Massachusetts militia and dispatched him, along with several captains under his command to raise an army in Massachusetts. As his captains mustered troops, Arnold rode north to rendezvous with Allen and take command of the operation.

By early May the army was assembled. On May 10, 1775 Fort Ticonderoga was assaulted in a dawn attack and taken without a battle, the colonial forces having surprised the outnumbered British garrison. (See Battle of Ticonderoga (1775)). Expeditions to Crown Point and Fort George were likewise successful as was another foray to Fort St Johns (now named Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec.). But this fort was abandoned when British troops arrived from Montreal. Throughout the campaign Arnold and Allen disputed over who would be in overall command. Allen eventually withdrew his troops, leaving Arnold in sole command of the garrisons of the three forts. However, a Connecticut force of 1,000 men under a Colonel Benjamin Hinman arrived with orders placing him in command with Arnold to serve under him. This act by the Coninental Congress incensed Arnold who felt his efforts on behalf of the revolution were not being recognized. The end result was that Arnold resigned his commission and returned to Massachusetts.

The Ticonderoga expedition was considered an overall success. Together Crown Point and Ticonderoga yielded 201 cannons, 100 of which were sent back to Boston where they were positioned on the Dorchester Heights overlooking the city. The presence of these weapons forced the British army under General Thomas Gage to evacuate Boston. The force retreated by sea to Nova Scotia in March 1776.

The Quebec expedition
Shortly after the formation of the Continental Army in June of 1775, Major General Philip Schuyler, commander of the Northern Department, developed a plan to invade Canada overland from Fort St. Johns at the northern end of Lake Champlain, down the Richelieu River to Montreal. The objective was to deprive the Loyalist's an important base from which they could attack upper New York. General Richard Montgomery was assigned the leadership of this force.

Benedict Arnold, on hearing of these plans proposed that a second force, in unison with Schuyler’s, attack by travelling up the Kennebec river in Maine, portaging over the height of land, then descending the Chaudiere river to Quebec City. With the capture of both Montreal and Quebec City, he believed, the French speaking colonists of Canada would join the revolution against their British masters.. The Commander in Chief, General George Washington, and the Continenetal Congress, approved this amendment to the plan and charged Arnold with the task of carrying it out. Benedict Arnold was commissioned a Colonel in the Continental Army to lead the Quebec City attack.

Just prior to leaving for Maine Arnold learned of the death of his wife Margaret. He was forced to make a stop in New Haven to ensure the welfare of his children. His sister Hannah took over the role of a surrogate mother at his request.

The force of 1100 recruits embarked from Newburyport, Massachusetts, on September 19, 1775 arriving at Gardinerston, Maine on September 22, where Arnold had made prior arrangments with Major Rueben Colburn to construct 200 bateaux to be used to transport the troops up the Kennebec and Dead rivers, over the height of land, then down the Chaudiere river to Quebec City. A lengthy portage was required over the Applacachian range height of land between the upper Dead and Chaudiere rivers.

The expedition was beset with problems from the start. The bateaux had been constructed out of green wood and shortly started to fall apart, the weather was extremely foul, much of their food was spoiled and had to be abandoned along the trail, and they suffered an outbreak of smallpox that decimated their ranks. By the time they finally reached the St. Lawrence river across from Quebec City on November 9, the half starved force had been reduced to less than 700 by death from smallpox and desertion. Furthermore, the habitant settlers were not supportive of their cause, as expected, and for the most part openly opposed the invasion.

The British were aware of Arnold’s approach and destroyed most of the serviceable watercraft on the southern shore. Two warships, the frigate Lizard (twenty-six guns) and the sloop of war Hunter (sixteen guns) kept constant patrol to prevent a river crossing. Even so, Arnold was able to procure sufficient water craft, crossing to the Quebec City side on November 11. Arnold, realizing his force did not have enough strength to capture the city sent dispatches to Montgomery requesting reinforcement.

Meanwhile, Brigadier General Richard Montgomery marched north from Fort Ticonderoga with about 1700 militiamen on September 16, 1775. He captured Montreal on November 13. Montgomery joined Arnold in early December and with their combined force of about 1,325 soldiers attacked the city on December 31, 1775. The colonial forces suffered a disastrous defeat at the hands of General Guy Carleton, Governor of Canada and commander of the British forces. Montgomery was killed, Arnold was wounded, many casualties occurred (killed or wounded) and hundreds more were taken prisoner. See Battle of Quebec (1775).

The remnants of the colonials, reduced to some 350 volunteers and now under the command of Colonel Arnold (after the death of General Mongomery) continued an ineffective siege of the city until the spring of 1776 when reinforcements under Brigadier General David Wooster arrived. Upon being relieved of command, Arnold retreated to Montreal with what remained of the volunteer rebel forces.

The Battle of Valcour Island
Following the failure of the Quebec expedition the British launched a counteroffensive in the latter part of 1776 intended to gain control of the Hudson River Valley. Control of the upper Hudson would have enabled the British to link their Canadian forces with those in British occupied New York City, dividing the American colonies of New England from those in the South, potentially defeating the revolution.

Colonel Arnold received a promotion to Brigadier General after the Quebec invasion and was assigned the task of preventing a British invasion from the north. For details of the ensuing campaign see Battle of Valcour Island and

Eastern Department
Late in 1776 Arnold received orders to report to Major General Joseph Spencer, newly appointed commander of the Eastern Department of the Continental Army. On December 8, 1776, a sizeable British force under Lieutenant General Henry Clinton captured Newport, Rhode Island. Arnold spent a week with his family (who he had not seen for over a year) in New Haven, Connecticut, and arrived at Providence, Rhode Island, on January 12, 1777 to take up his duties in the defense of Rhode Island as Deputy Commander, Eastern Department. Unfortunately, the ranks of the Rhode Island force had been depleted to about 2000 troops in order to support Washington’s assault on Trenton New Jersey. Since Arnold was facing 15,000 redcoats he was forced to employ defensive measures only, not having enough troops to form an attack.

On April 26, 1777 Arnold was on his way to Philadelphia to meet with the Continental Congress and had stopped in New Haven to visit his family once again when a courier arrived with a dispatch that a British force of 2,000 troops under the command of Major General William Tryon, British Military Governor of New York, had landed at Norwalk, Connecticut. Tryon marched his force to Fairfield on Long Island Sound, and inland to Danbury, a major supply depot for the Continental Army, destroying both towns by fire. He also torched the seaport of Norwalk as his forces retreated by sea.

Arnold hurriedly recruited about 100 volunteers locally and was joined by Major General Gold S. Silliman and Major General David Wooster of the Connecticut militia, who together had mustered a force of 500 volunteers from eastern Connecticut.

Arnold and his fellow officers moved their small force near to Danbury so they could intercept and harass the British retreat. By 11 a.m. on April 27, General Wooster’s column had caught up with and engaged Tryon’s rear guard. Arnold moved his force to a farm outside Ridgefield, Connecticut, in an attempt to block the British retreat. During the skirmishes that followed General Wooster was killed. General Arnold injured his leg when his horse fell on him after being shot.

Philadelphia
After the Danbury raid Arnold continued his journey to Philadelphia to meet with congressional members, arriving on May 16. General Schuyler was also in Philadelphia at this time but soon left for his headquarters at Albany, New York. This meant that General Arnold was the ranking officer in the Philadelphia region so he assumed command of the forces there. But Congress preferred Pennsylvania's newly promoted Major General Thomas Mifflin. (Brigadier General Arnold had earlier been passed over for promotion). This caused further resentment and it appeared to Arnold that Congress did not want him, no matter how determined he was to fight for the cause of liberty or what his achievements were. Consequently Arnold resigned his commission on July 11, 1777. But very shortly a message was received from General Washington urgently requesting Arnold be posted to the Northern Department because Fort Ticonderoga had fallen to the British. See Battle of Ticonderoga (1777). This request demonstrated Washington's faith in Arnold as a military commander, and Congress complied with his request.

Saratoga Campaign
The summer of 1777 marked a turning point in the American War of Independence. The Saratoga campaign was a series of battles fought in upper New York that culminated in the victory achieved by the Americans at the Battle of Saratoga, and the capture of a large contingent of the British army led by Lieutenant General John Burgoyne on October 17, 1777. Brigadier General Benedict Arnold played a descisive role in several of these battles. The battles are listed below with links to the main articles. The operations in which Arnold participated are flagged.

The Battle of Freeman's farm was the final battle of the Saratoga Campaign. Out numbered, out of supplies and cut off from retreat, General Burgoyne was forced to surrender. On October 17, 1777 he accepted terms and laid down his arms.

General Arnold sufferred a wound to the same leg as he had at Quebec during the battle.

Historians agree that Arnold played an instrumental role in the outcome of the Saratoga campaign, showing courage, initiative and military brilliance. However, because of bad feelings between him and General Gates he received no credit. (Gates had deliberately left him out of the command structure of the final battle plan). Instead he was vilified for exceeding his authority and disobeying orders. Arnold, always an innovator, made no secret of his contempt for Gates' military tactics, (both before, during, and after the battle), which he considered too cautious and conventional.

Philadelphia again
At the end of March while in Philadelphia, he met Peggy Shippen, the daughter of Judge Edward Shippen. Peggy had been courted by British Major John André when the British were in control of Philadelphia. Arnold and Shippen wed quickly on April 8, 1779. By June, Arnold finally received a new command when Washington again made him the commander of the Philadelphia region. Arnold accepted his post, but with a sense of diminished liberty and service to Congress, which had betrayed him before. He decided that while in Philadelphia he would no longer parlay with Congress peacefully, but at every turn attempt to undermine their authority and smear the names of the delegates. He truly felt that ingratitude for his accomplishments, and the accomplishments of so many others who had died, were unnoticed by Congress. It was in June when he learned of the Franco-American alliance, but due to his experiences fighting the French in the Seven Years War, felt they were just as much enemies as the British.

West Point and later
Arnold was in command of Philadelphia for some time until becoming so fed up with the situation that he wrote to Washington begging for a reassignment. Washington offered him a post in the field, but Arnold refused, demanding to take command of the fort at West Point in August 1780. Partially incapacitated, Arnold had used his leg injuries to secure a position as head of the fort at West Point. In September he negotiated with Clinton to hand over the American fort to the British for £20,000 sterling. His plans were discovered when his courier, Major André, was captured on September 23, with documents that incriminated Arnold. Arnold fled to the British who made him a Brigadier General, but never really trusted him, although he saw some command in the American theater. In December, under orders from Clinton, Arnold led a force of 1,600 troops into Virginia and succeeded in capturing Richmond and cutting off the major artery of material to the southern patriot effort. In the Southern theater, Lord Cornwallis was able to march northwards towards Yorktown, which he moved into in May 1781. Arnold meanwhile had been sent north to capture the town of New London, Connecticut in hopes that it would divert Washington away from Cornwallis. While in Connecticut, his force captured Fort Griswold and murdered dozens of captured rebel soldiers on September 8. In December, Arnold was recalled to England with various other officers as the crown deemphasized the American theater over more probable wins in others. Arnold’s goal in England was to convince imperial leaders to not give up the fight in spite of the loss of Cornwallis at Yorktown. While in London, he met with various cabinet officers and King George III to try to convince them to carry on the war effort. He was, as at Quebec, too late. The Crown was already sending peace feelers out to end the American conflict. Arnold, distraught, moved to Canada with Peggy in an attempt to reestablish his earlier maritime successes. He loaned out great amounts of money to various loyalist families that had relocated from the colonies, but when he ran into financial hardship no one would pay him back. He was forced to move back to London with Peggy and their four sons in 1792. Arnold spent his time in London attempting to make a successful go at West Indies trade, and with the coming of the French Revolution, a command. Despite having backing from Clinton and Cornwallis, Arnold lacked the social connections to make a command a reality. He died on June 14, 1801 a pauper and with almost no fanfare. While on his deathbed it is said that he asked God for his forgiveness in betraying the Patriot cause. He was dressed in his Continental uniform and buried in the crypt of St. Mary's Church, Battersea, London.

Legacy
Arnold attempted to justify his actions in an open letter entitled To the Inhabitants of America. In a letter to his former friend Washington, he stated, "love to my country actuates my present conduct, however it may appear inconsistent to the world, who very seldom judge right of any man's actions."

Benedict Arnold is a paradoxical figure in American history. While there can be no doubt as to his venality and treason, neither can there be doubt as to his crucial role in the Battle of Saratoga, and thus the Revolution. It was Saratoga which persuaded the French, who had been skeptical of the colonists' effectiveness as a military force, to intervene in the war on the American side. This alliance tipped the balance of arms and ensured the ultimate American victory.

 * 1) Fort William Henry Massacre http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1175.html

title: User:Xtrump/work in progress


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/(Title Pending)

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. Paul August ☎ 02:00, September 7, 2005 (UTC)

(Title Pending)
Vantiy. A webcomic, no evidence of notability (although the title is hard to Google). sjorford (?!) 10:53, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * delete webcomic vanity. 27 comics doesn't meet webcomic standards for inclusion, either. Brighterorange 17:10, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Jachin 22:17, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn. --  Etacar11   02:16, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * (delete) per above Roodog2k 00:49, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as above Ziggurat 22:42, August 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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The Eagle, Cambridge

The Eagle (formerly known as the Eagle and Child) is a Grade II listed public house in Cambridge, England which opened in 1667 as a coaching inn. It is the second oldest pub in Cambridge, after the Pickerell Inn. The street frontage, located on the north side of Bene't Street in the centre of the city, is of circa 1600, with a galleried 19th-century wing behind, facing the courtyard. The site is owned by Corpus Christi College and is managed by Greene King brewery.

World War II
During the Second World War, Allied airmen, who drank and socialised at The Eagle, used wax candles, petrol lighters and lipstick to write their names, squadron numbers and other doodles onto the ceiling of the rear bar. The tradition is believed to have been started by RAF Flight Sergeant P. E. Turner, who climbed up on the table one night to burn his squadron number on the ceiling. The graffiti, in what is now known as the "RAF Bar", was uncovered, deciphered and preserved by former RAF Chief Technician James Chainey during the early 1990s.

Announcement of the discovery of the structure of DNA
When the university's Cavendish Laboratory was still at its old site at nearby Free School Lane, the pub was a popular lunch destination for staff working there. Thus, it became the place where Francis Crick interrupted patrons' lunchtime on 28 February 1953 to announce that he and James Watson had "discovered the secret of life" after they had come up with their proposal for the structure of DNA. The anecdote is related in Watson's book The Double Helix, and is commemorated on a blue plaque next to the entrance, and two plaques in the middle room by the table where Crick and Watson lunched regularly. Today the pub serves a special ale to commemorate the discovery, dubbed "Eagle's DNA".

Also in 1953 Watson and Crick worked over lunch in the Eagle to draw up a list of the 20 canonical amino acids. This has been a very influential rubric for molecular biology, and was a key development in understanding the protein-coding nature of DNA.

title: The Eagle, Cambridge


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Mid City, Los Angeles

Mid City (also Mid-City) is a neighborhood in Central Los Angeles, California.

Attractions include restaurants and a post office named for singer Ray Charles, who had his recording studio in Mid City. The neighborhood hosts eleven public and private schools. A northern extension of the K Line from north-south is proposed to serve this area.

City of Los Angeles boundaries
The City of Los Angeles Department of Transportation has posted Mid City signage to mark the area. City installed signs are at the following intersections (from east to west): Hoover Street and Washington Boulevard, Vermont Avenue and Pico Boulevard, Western Avenue and Pico Boulevard, Normandie Avenue and the Santa Monica Freeway, and La Brea Avenue and the Santa Monica Freeway.

Google Maps
Google Maps outlines an area labeled "Mid City" that roughly runs from Hoover Street on the east to La Cienega Boulevard and Robertson Boulevard on the west. The north is roughly bordered by Olympic Boulevard, and the Santa Monica Freeway is on the south.

Mapping L.A. boundaries
The Mapping L.A. project of the Los Angeles Times states as follows:

Mid City is bounded on the north by Pico Boulevard, on the east by Crenshaw Boulevard, on the south by the Santa Monica Freeway, on the southwest by Washington and National boulevards, on the west by Robertson Boulevard and on the northwest by Cadillac Avenue and La Cienega Boulevard.

It is flanked by Carthay and Mid-Wilshire to the north, Arlington Heights to the east, Culver City and West Adams to the south, Palms to the southwest, Beverlywood to the west and Pico-Robertson to the northwest.

Ballona Creek
Three bridges in Mid-City cross over Ballona Creek, at Hauser Blvd., Burnside Ave. and Thurman Ave.

Population
The 2000 U.S. census counted 52,197 residents in the 3.47-square-mile neighborhood—an average of 15,051 people per square mile, among the highest population densities in Los Angeles County. In 2008, the city estimated that the population had increased to 55,016. The median age for residents was 31, about average for both the city and the county.

Mid City was said to be "highly diverse" when compared to the city at large, with a diversity index of 0.637. The ethnic breakdown in 2000 was: Latinos, 45.2%; blacks, 38.3%; whites, 9.5%; Asians, 3.9%; and others, 3.1%. Mexico (46) and El Salvador (15.6%) were the most common places of birth for the 35.1% of the residents who were born abroad, a figure that was considered average for the city and county.

The median household income in 2008 dollars was $43,711, considered average for the city. The percentage of households earning $20,000 or less was high, compared to the county at large. The average household size of 2.8 people was just about average for Los Angeles. Renters occupied 68.9% of the housing units, and home- or apartment owners the rest.

The percentages of never-married men (43.2%) and never-married women (35%) were among the county's highest. The census found 2,748 families headed by single parents, the 23.4% rate being considered high for both the city and the county.

Enclaves
Smaller neighborhoods within Mid City include:

 * Reynier Village. Rocha House, the 13th Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument, is located in the village.
 * Lafayette Square, a historic semi-gated neighborhood. It was designated by the city as a Los Angeles Historic Preservation Overlay Zone in 2000.
 * Brookside
 * Crestview
 * Little Ethiopia
 * Picfair Village
 * Faircrest Heights
 * La Cienega Heights
 * Wellington Square
 * Victoria Park
 * Arlington Heights

Electric railways (-1960s)
Mid City was a key junction and terminus in the days of the electric railways from the early 1900s through the end of service in 1963.

The Rimpau Loop in Mid City was an important terminus of the Los Angeles Railway ("Yellow Cars") streetcars. The Pico Blvd. city streetcar line "P" turned around here in the Rimpau Loop. From here, Santa Monica city buses ran to Downtown Santa Monica, and to this day, Pico and Rimpau is the terminus for several Santa Monica Transit lines.

Vineyard Junction in Mid City was where Pacific Electric "Red Car" lines converged. The lines ran from Downtown Los Angeles south to Venice Boulevard, then West along Venice to Vineyard Junction. From here they went along Venice Blvd. to Venice and Redondo Beach; while others went along San Vicente Blvd. northwest toward what is now West Hollywood as well as via Beverly Hills to Santa Monica. It was the site of an accident on July 13, 1913, in which two wooden streetcars crashed into each other, with 14 people dead and 200 people injured. As a result, the Pacific Electric ordered its future cars to be made of steel, and it was recommended that signaling be introduced on the PE's lines.

Today
As part of their long-range plans, the Los Angeles County MTA has proposed an extension of the K Line, which would place a rail transit station in Mid City. The proposed rail stop is at the intersection of Pico and San Vicente Boulevards—site of the old Vineyard Junction.

The old Vineyard Junction site is now occupied by the end terminal for the Santa Monica Big Blue Bus.

The K Line would allow Mid City residents to easy access to the city's east/west rail lines: the D Line along Wilshire Boulevard, the E Line from East and Downtown Los Angeles to Downtown Santa Monica, and the C Line from Norwalk to Redondo Beach and soon near LAX.

Currently, the Mid City alignment is unfunded and part of the K Line's proposed northern extension.

DASH Midtown serves the Mid City area.

Landmarks and attractions

 * Nate Holden Performing Arts Center – Located at 4718 West Washington Boulevard, the center is the home of the Ebony Repertory Theater Company.
 * The Del Mar Theater – Located at 5036 W. Pico Boulevard, the theater's blue and yellow neon facade was re-lit in 2003 as part of the non-profit "Pico Revitalization Project".
 * The Comedy Union – Located at 5040 W. Pico Boulevard, The Comedy Union is a comedy club that showcases black comedians.
 * Midtown Crossing, a retail power center on the site of the former large Sears store (1930s–1990s) at Pico and Rimpau
 * The Mint – Located at 6010 W. Pico Boulevard, The Mint is a music club that was established in 1937. Past performers include Macy Gray, The Wallflowers, and Natalie Cole.
 * Beth Chayim Chadashim – recognized by the Los Angeles Conservancy for its "cultural significance" as the world's first lesbian and gay synagogue
 * Roscoe's House of Chicken and Waffles – Local branch of the restaurant chain.
 * United States Post Office, Ray Charles Station – An existing post office at 4960 West Washington Boulevard was renamed in honor of singer Ray Charles in 2005.

Parks and recreation

 * Gladys Jean Wesson Park, 2508 S W Blvd
 * Vineyard Recreation Center, 2942 Vineyard Ave
 * Mascot Park, Mascot Street and Pickford Street
 * Washington Irving Pocket Park, 4103 W. Washington Blvd
 * Mid City has an aquatic gym in the name of Eleanor Green Roberts Aquatic Center located on 4526 W Pico Blvd

Education
Mid City residents aged 25 and older holding a four-year degree amounted to 16.8% of the population in 2000, about average for both the city and the county.

These are the elementary or secondary schools within the neighborhood's boundaries: The Los Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD) operates public schools:
 * Hamilton High School, 2955 Robertson Boulevard
 * Saturn Street Elementary School, 5360 Saturn Street
 * Los Angeles Senior High, 4650 W Olympic Blvd, Los Angeles, 90019
 * Alta Loma Elementary School, 1745 Vineyard Avenue
 * Shenandoah Street Elementary School, 2450 Shenandoah Street
 * Virginia Road Elementary School, 2925 Virginia Rd, Los Angeles, CA 90016
 * Marvin Avenue Elementary School, 2411 S Marvin Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90016
 * Cienega Elementary School, 2611 S Orange Dr, Los Angeles, CA 90016
 * Futuro College Preparatory Elementary School, LAUSD charter, 3838 Rosemead Avenue
 * Crescent Heights Boulevard Elementary School, alternative school, 1661 South Crescent Heights Boulevard
 * Los Angeles Center for Enriched Studies, alternative school, 5931 West 18th Street

Community Magnet School, an arts and humanities magnet primary school, was located in Mid City since its founding in 1977, for a period of around 25 years. It had been located in an area within the Los Angeles Center for Enriched Studies campus. By October 2002, Community Magnet had moved to its new location in Bel-Air.

Previously the community was home to the Open Magnet Charter School, which was located on the campus of the Crescent Heights School. The Open school later moved to Westchester. Current charter school includes Stella Middle Charter Academy

Notable residents

 * Harold Harby, Los Angeles City Council member, 1939–42, 1943–57
 * Charles Bukowski, 1931–42, then returned in 1947
 * Earl Sweatshirt, rapper, record producer and songwriter from Los Angeles
 * Blueface, rapper, grew up in Mid City for most of his youth.

title: Mid City, Los Angeles


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Stockbridge, Hampshire

Stockbridge is a town and civil parish in the Test Valley district of Hampshire, England. It had a population of 592 at the 2011 census. It sits astride the River Test and at the foot of Stockbridge Down.

Description
The town is situated on the A30 road, which once carried most of the traffic from London to Dorset, south Somerset, Devon and Cornwall in the South West, though today this route is less important than the A303 dual carriageway to the north. The bridge over the Test led to the town's name, a local legend suggested a coach stop stocked provisions, but it derives from an earlier bridge that was made of 'stocks' (tree trunks). Salisbury is 15 mi by road; Winchester is 8.3 mi by the B3049 road that joins the A30 nearby. The town's long high street was thus on a useful route between the two medieval cathedral cities. The town's civil parish has an area of 1323 acres.

The town's street crosses the River Test, marking the border of the parishes of Stockbridge and Longstock by a low bridge of three arches rebuilt and widened in 1799.

Five smaller river channels flow through the town. For a brief time, to provide space for fish, these were split into eight artificial ditches just above the town.

The town is on a shared pedestrian/footpath, the Test Way.

History and economy
The place-name 'Stockbridge' first appears in Charter Rolls of 1239 as Stocbrigge. In Inquisitiones post mortem of 1258 it appears as Stokbregg. The name means 'stock bridge', referring to a bridge constructed from stocks (meaning 'tree trunks').

Stockbridge witnessed the capture of Robert of Gloucester by William of Ypres in 1141. Edward I stayed in Stockbridge in August 1294, as did the last Catholic King, James II, on his way to Salisbury to meet the forces of the Prince of Orange. He dined at the Swan Inn in November 1688, which still exists.

The right to hold a market was awarded to the town (as the parcel known as The Street in King's Somborne manor) before 1190 in Richard I's reign, reviewed and confirmed in 1200, and extended to an annual three-day fair by Henry III. As in the 12th century, the town consists almost wholly of one long wide street and it is to this characteristic that it owed its early name of Le Street. The town grew and prospered as an unincorporated mesne borough before, probably by plague, the place became almost deserted and the poverty of the remaining inhabitants was so great that the market which had been confirmed to the town by Henry V and Henry VI was discontinued.

By the mid-Tudor era, under Edward VI, the wealthy burgages numbered 58, partly in consequence of this, in 1562 two members of parliament were granted. Charles I had confirmed the right to annual fairs in 1641, however during the start of the nineteenth century a marked decline in trade was noted at the three increasingly agricultural fairs, with one continuing until after 1911 The population of the parish was 853 in 1871, with 185 inhabited houses. Hampshire's four tourist Pocket Guides cover the traditional towns of Stockbridge, Alresford, Bishops Waltham and Wickham.

Manor
In the medieval centuries passed as a mentioned part and parcel of King's Somborne manor, not specifically in that manor at Domesday but likely as there was mention of the manor here specifically being in Richard I's time, as when they were forfeited to the crown when Henry IV (of Lancaster) took the throne, in 1402.

Then it was let which gave rents of assizes to various men, including to Joseph Foster Barham, MP, on whose death in 1832, it went to his wife who married the Earl of Clarendon to hold for their son; then sold to George G. Maitland then to Charles Warner then to Francis Hardinge and then to the more nationally famous person mentioned below. One of the mills belonged to the lord of Leckford Abbotts in 1548

State
Primary:
 * Stockbridge Primary School

Secondary:
 * Test Valley School

Media
Local news and television programmes are provided by BBC South and ITV Meridian. Television signals are received from either the Hannington or Rowridge TV transmitters.

The town is served by both BBC Radio Berkshire and BBC Radio Solent. Other local radio stations including Heart South, Capital South, Easy Radio South Coast, Nation Radio South Coast and Greatest Hits Radio Berkshire & North Hampshire.

Local newspapers are Andover Advertiser and Hampshire Chronicle.

Political history
Stockbridge elected two members to the unreformed House of Commons – Elizabeth I granted the two members of parliament in 1562; elections proved corrupted and a private Bill for the disfranchisement of the borough was introduced in 1693, rejected at the Third Reading. In 1714, Mr Steele one of the MPs (see Stockbridge) was forced out for bribery and writing seditious pamphlets.

The Reform Act 1832 resulted in its end as a rotten borough.

Stockbridge had a railway station on the Andover & Redbridge Railway (colloquially the Sprat and Winkle Line), later a branch line of the LSWR. This closed in 1967 under the Beeching cuts.

Religious buildings
Only the chancel measuring about 8 metres by 5 metres, some of the windows and the graveyard survive of the original parish church at the eastern end of the town, now known as Old St Peter's Church. A licence to give divine service from 1323 to 1333 was given to John Fromond, architecturally this places about a century after the likely building of the church's chancel. A Victorian Gothic church, St Peter's, designed by J Colson, was built in 1866 at a central location in the High Street. The Roman Catholic church of St Thomas More is a modern brick built hall off of the High Street near Stockbridge Town Hall.

Sport and leisure
Due to its hatchery south of the town and many channels, Stockbridge is renowned for trout fishing.

One of the UK's most exclusive clubs, described by Country Life as the dream of every fly-fisher, with exclusive fishing rights over 13 miles of prime trout breeding and fishing waters, the Houghton Fishing Club founded in 1822, for many years met socially at The Grosvenor Hotel, a current landmark by its jutting out into the pavement.

Stockbridge has a Non-League football club Stockbridge F.C., who were founded in 1894 and play at The Recreation Ground in the town.

Notable residents

 * Hicks Withers-Lancashire was Lord of the Manor from a date in the 1890s until 1902, when it was sold to Mr R. P. Attenborough.
 * Lillie Langtry, actress, producer and socialite, lived at the property that is now NJ Stokes Garage.
 * Varyl Begg, Admiral of the Fleet and First Sea Lord, had his home in Stockbridge

Notes and references
Notes References

title: Stockbridge, Hampshire


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mutney

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. Paul August ☎ 02:02, September 7, 2005 (UTC)

Mutney
Patent nonsense William Avery 10:59, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Can you explain why exactly this is nonsense? If it is as patent as you claim, you can have it speedied, but that would require some additional explanation. - 131.211.210.14 11:10, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

Delete. This is whimsical nonsense. 'Parlucknab' Googles only to thsi article. Eddie.willers 11:24, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: Can't believe I missed that. Still, I'd love to see some more info on mutney and how (non)sensical it is. Just because the company fails to google, doesn't mean Mutney will either. - Mgm|(talk) 11:29, August 29, 2005 (UTC)

 * Puhleaze! This article is total nonsense! 16th century monastic recipe indeed! 'Mango chutney' (a mixture of tamarinds, mangoes and spices) hails from India. Why would anyone try to 'improve' it by the addition of mustard and/or stilton cheese? DELETE Eddie.willers 11:34, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

Chutney is a 19th century word, according to COD. Stilton Cheese is no preservative! William Avery 11:40, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - I don't believe it exists, based on the fact that if I google for 'mutney "mango chutney"' I get few (if any) valid references. Good VFD. Halo 11:47, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Yep, those are pretty good reasons. (I was just being careful). - Mgm|(talk) 12:07, August 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as unverifiable unless good verifiable evidence is presented prior to expiration of discussion. The "Smutney" remark is, I think, the giveaway that this is a joke, making it a borderline-speedy as newbie test. (This is probably not a good time to mention that "Mutney" was the narrator's wife's pet-name for the narrator in H. G. Wells' novel Tono-Bungay. Although I am an H. G. Wells fan I think an article on the pet-name for a character in a novel would quality as fancruft). Dpbsmith (talk) 14:36, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Interestingly, Parlucknab seems to be quite unknown on Google, except for a couple of encyclopedia links. Looks like a partially successful hoax to me. Groeck 21:02, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete but it's funny as hell. good one. SaltyPig 00:31, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * BJAODN heh... cute... Roodog2k 00:48, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mutney


text:
Boring (The Young Ones)

"Boring" is the third episode of The Young Ones, a British sitcom. It was written by Ben Elton, Rik Mayall, and Lise Mayer, and directed by Paul Jackson. It was first aired on BBC2 on 23 November 1982.

This episode is rarely repeated uncut on television because of its racial content, including two uses of "coon", one use of "sambo", and one use of "nigger". All three words are spoken in a scene by a Caucasian policeman in sunglasses unaware that his interlocutor is white until he removes them, satirising the severe racial issues that affected the police at this time. When it is shown on television, it is edited to remove these references.

Plot
The quartet are bored to exasperation, despite the fact that there are roller skating vegetables in the kitchen sink. Several other remarkable and unlikely phenomena occur around them throughout the episode, entirely unnoticed by the characters, as they attempt to find something to relieve their boredom. The song "Good Day Sunshine" by The Beatles is playing as dawn comes up. Even a televised siege parodying the 1980 Iranian Embassy Siege that spills into their living room goes unnoticed.

A visit to the local pub, where Vyvyan meets his long-lost mother, and Rick and Neil both reveal that they don't drink, fails to provide entertainment. Madness make an appearance at the pub, renamed the Kebab and Calculator, and perform their current hit at that time, "House of Fun". At one point Neil suggests they go to lectures, but the idea is met with incredulity by his housemates. The exterior shots of the pub scene were filmed at the Westbury Park Tavern in Henleaze, Bristol.

In reference to the story of Goldilocks and the Three Bears, Goldilocks rejects the lentils that Neil has prepared (she dismisses it as "bloody hippie food"), and the Three Bears also reject the lentils and opt to "go to McDonald's" instead.

As they drift off to sleep for another night, a spaceship lands on their roof, with Neil still obliviously sitting on his windowsill.

Characters
As with all episodes of The Young Ones, the main four characters are student housemates Mike (Christopher Ryan), Vyvyan (Adrian Edmondson), Rick (Rik Mayall), and Neil (Nigel Planer). Alexei Sayle stars as Billy Balowski, an eccentric taxi driver and brother of the students' landlord Jerzei.

Mark Arden and Stephen Frost play a pair of rather stupid policemen who deliver a series of gags separately from the other characters. They are then revealed to be the subject of an article on the front of The Guardian with the headline "Police I.Q. Shocker".

Also in this episode is David Rappaport, playing Ftumch the devil. This is one of his two appearances in The Young Ones, the other being as a different character in Flood.

The episode also features a performance of House of Fun by ska band Madness. In addition, lead singer Suggs has a line of dialogue in the episode. When Rick asks if the band knows "Summer Holiday" by Cliff Richard, Suggs replies, "You hum it, I'll smash your face in!"

Actress and writer Pauline Melville appears as Vyvyan's mother.

title: Boring (The Young Ones)


text: Template:Manchester United F.C.

title: Template:Manchester United F.C.