text:
Abbey St Bathans

Abbey St Bathans (Abaid Bhaoithin) is a parish in the Lammermuir district of Berwickshire, in the eastern part of the Scottish Borders. Unique in its topography, it is situated in a long winding steep wooded valley that follows the Whiteadder Water. The parish had a population of 106 at the 2011 Census.

History and Kirk
Abbey St Bathans was originally a priory of Cistercian Nuns established in the 12th century. It was sanctified and then used as a retreat by the sisters who formed the community at Haddington and at Nunraw, under the patronage of Ada, Countess of Dunbar and her husband Patrick, Earl of Dunbar. Though the original location of the monastic accommodation is unknown today, there is a stone on one side of the glen known as the Abbey Stone. While there are no religious houses in the village today, there is a small church in the square. A clergyman is shared with nearby hamlet of Longformacus. The dedication is to St. Bathan—Baithéne mac Brénaind—the second abbot of Iona.

While there is no priory today there is a small church, or Kirk, in private ownership situated in the centre of the village. The Kirk was rebuilt in the 18th century and incorporates, in the east and north walls, late 14th century remains of the Church of the Priory of St Mary - the original Cistercian priory founded in the late 12th or early 13th centuries (exact date unknown) and secularised in 1622. In the mid-1960s, a deposit or "midden" was found by the existing Kirk, on the river bank where such a "tip" would logically be located. This contained many shards of pottery which were identified as medieval by the Royal Scottish Museum, Edinburgh. This suggests that the priory was located in the riverside meadow area around the existing Kirk, and a dig would probably reveal some of the structure. This deposit was discovered and excavated by Mrs. E. K. Robb, whose family used to holiday in the village.

The dedication is to Saint Bathan (Baithéne mac Brénaind) the second abbot of Iona. A Minister used to be shared with nearby hamlet of Longformacus. There is evidence that Abbey St Bathans has been inhabited for at least 2,500 years with the discovery of Bronze Age artefacts including a Bronze Age dagger, and the presence of the nearby Edins Hall Broch, an Iron Age defensive structure.

The village
Abbey St Bathans village is situated beside the Whiteadder Water. The village is centred around the Kirk, a footbridge (known locally as the 'Gurkha bridge' after the Gurkha Soldiers that built it in 1987), sheep sheds, a post box, telephone exchange, phone box and housing. Further up the valley north of the Kirk is the village hall which holds regular events and occasional exhibitions. Downriver, south of the Kirk can be found a fish farm, car park, café and small sawmill.

The Southern Upland Way and the Sir Walter Scott Way pass through the village. There are several footpaths for walkers including to the nearby Edins Hall Broch and Cockburn Law hill. The village is also on a bicycling route. The SYHA used to have a youth hostel in the village known locally as the Rest House, however it has been closed for over ten years.

The New Zealand township of Saint Bathans is named after the village.

Abbey St Bathans House
The house began, probably in the early 19th century (a date stone of 1694 is of unknown provenance) as a thatched cottage orné, set at the base of a knoll with the ground falling away steeply to the north to the Whiteadder Water. It was built for the Turnbull family. This earlier core is identifiable at the centre of the entrance front as a two-bay section with first-floor dormers rising through the eaves, and with a salient gabled section at its northern end terminating the north-west range.

Later extensions, especially in the 1870s, retain something of the original character, if not the scale, in the plethora of traceried bargeboards, dormers, and barley-sugar chimneystacks. The detailing of the north-west front is more overtly baronial, having a central tower-like pavilion with chamfered corners at the upper levels, a tall pyramidal roof, and a quadrant bartizan at the north-east angle. There are attractive interiors, particularly the stair with twisted balusters and timber arcading. Many fittings were moved here in the 1880s by Dorothea Veitch from Bassendean House.

On the estate are a picturesque lodge, stables and groom's cottage, and an artfully composed Z-plan complex including gamekeeper's cottage and kennels.

In 2019, the house was in multiple occupation.

title: Abbey St Bathans


text:
Talk:Totila

Untitled
The Byzantine historian Procopius, who accompanied the general Belisarius in the Gothic War employed his nom de guerre "Totila": his real name, which can be seen from the coinage he issued, was Baduila.

Is Totila really a different name from Baduila? Isn't it just an attempt by Procopius to represent "Baduila" in Greek? john k 07:03, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

 * According to Wolfram's History of the Goths (p. 353), "we do not know what 'Totila' signifies", while his "real name must have been Baduila-Badua", which "means 'the fighter' or 'the warrior'". Stan 12:19, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

Amory 1997 regards these as two distinct names, though he doesn't say that the latter was the 'real' name or even the 'official' name. Jacob Haller 03:36, 18 February 2007 (UTC)

Totila was killed at the Battle of Taginae? Not sure:

"Totila and five horsemen are caught up by Asbad the Gepid chief. Asbad puts his lance in rest, not knowing who was before him. 'Dog,' cries Totila's page, 'wilt thou strike thy lord?' But it is too late. Asbad's lance goes through his back and he drops on his horse's neck. Scipwar (Shipward) the Goth wounds Asbad, and falls wounded himself. The rest carry off Totila. He dies that night, after reigning eleven stormy years." (from http://www.northvegr.org/lore/teuton/006_02.php). -- G. Calabria (talk) 01:58, 13 October 2008 (UTC)

Totila, killed in action
Totila was not killed in action. He fled, was pursued, and he died of his wounds at Caprae (Procopius). ''The Gothic charge failed, Narses drew his straight line of troops into a crescent, and the short battle ended in the utter rout of the Goths, Totila flying from the field. In that flight one Asbad a Gepid struck at him and fatally wounded him. He was borne by his companions to the village of Caprae, more than twelve miles away, and there he died…'' (Edward Gibbon). Sirius2044 (talk) 21:42, 20 August 2011 (UTC)

Henry Bradley
I removed the tag that Henry Bradley is an unverified source. The man was chief editor of the OED and knew philology like few men of his time. 155.213.224.59 (talk) 16:18, 28 January 2015 (UTC)

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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Totila


text: Template:Norfolk-geo-stub

title: Template:Norfolk-geo-stub


text:
Millers Point, New South Wales

Millers Point is an inner-city suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is on the north-western edge of the Sydney central business district, adjacent to The Rocks and is part of the local government area of the City of Sydney.

Millers Point lies on the southern shore of Sydney Harbour, beside Darling Harbour. The Barangaroo development is taking place on 22 hectares of land on the western side of the suburb. Sections of Millers Point have been included as part of The Rocks area in the past and some residents and businesses still use it in their address.

History
On 30 June 1814 Thomas Miller, a Sergeant in the 73rd Regiment of Foot, received a grant of land from the governor. A small mill that was owned by an ex-convict, Jack Leighton was located here. The area became known as Jack, the Miller's Point. In 1833 Governor Bourke granted the Catholic Church land at Millers Point for the construction of a school house that could serve as a chapel on Sundays. The Colonial Architect, Ambrose Hallen in consultation with Bishop Ullathorne, designed the school building which was completed by May 1835. It was a one-story building constructed in sandstone with two rooms that could be opened into one. St Brigid's Church is one of the oldest existing place of Catholic worship in Australia. The school was closed in 1992 but the church continues to be used by the local community.

From 1841 to 1921, Miller's Point was the location of a gasworks owned by the Australian Gaslight Company.

The current Sydney Observatory building on Observatory Hill was completed in 1858 by English astronomer and clergyman William Scott. Also on Observatory Hill is the old Fort Street School, converted from the old Military Hospital at Fort Phillip in the 1850s. Fort Street School incorporated the first government secondary school in Australia, and after the secondary school moved out in 1975, its building has housed the National Trust of Australia; the primary school remains nearby in a separate, heritage listed, building.

Two separate pubs in the area claim to be Sydney's oldest surviving pubs, the Lord Nelson (built in about 1836, but modified since ) at Millers Point and the Fortune of War (which was built in its current form in 1922, although a hotel was operating on the site in 1830 ) nearby at The Rocks. Other active pubs in the area include the Palisade, the Hero of Waterloo and the Captain Cook.

Population
At the 2021 census, the population of Millers Point was 1,735.

In the 2016 census, there were 1,482 people in Millers Point. 42.5% of people were born in Australia and 59.9% of people only spoke English at home. The most common response for religion was No Religion at 29.3%.

Protests
A protest movement developed from 2008 when various governments announced plans to lease and sell Millers Point, Dawes Point and The Rocks properties and move existing public housing tenants. "Save Our Community", "Friends of Millers Point" and the associated "Save Our Sirius" formed to protest relocation of residents.

Heritage listings
Millers Point has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:

 * Millers Point Conservation Area

 * 1, 3, 5, 7 Argyle Place: 1–7 Argyle Place, Millers Point
 * 6, 8 Argyle Place: 6-8 Argyle Place, Millers Point
 * 9 Argyle Place: 9 Argyle Place, Millers Point
 * 10, 10a, 12, 12a Argyle Place: 10–12a Argyle Place, Millers Point
 * 22, 24, 26, 30, 32 Argyle Place: 22-32 Argyle Place, Millers Point
 * 34 Argyle Place: Osborne House
 * 36, 38 Argyle Place: 36-38 Argyle Place, Millers Point
 * 40, 42, 44 Argyle Place: 40-44 Argyle Place, Millers Point
 * 46, 48 Argyle Place: 46-48 Argyle Place, Millers Point
 * 50 Argyle Place: Undercliffe Cottage
 * 52, 54, 56, 58, 60 Argyle Place: Undercliffe Terrace
 * 62, 64 Argyle Place: 62-64 Argyle Place, Millers Point
 * Argyle Street: Garrison Anglican Church Precinct
 * 35–37 Bettington Street: Palisade Hotel
 * 56, 58, 60 Bettington Street: 56-60 Bettington Street, Millers Point
 * 66, 68 Bettington Street: 66-68 Bettington Street, Millers Point
 * 7, 9, 11, 13 Dalgety Road: 7-13 Dalgety Road, Millers Point
 * 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25 Dalgety Road: 15-25 Dalgety Road, Millers Point
 * 27a, 29a, 31a, 33, 35a Dalgety Road: 27a-35a Dalgety Road, Millers Point
 * Hickson Road: Grafton Bond Store
 * Hickson Road: Walsh Bay Wharves Precinct
 * 2–36 High Street: 2-36 High Street, Millers Point
 * 3, 5, 7, 9 High Street: 3-9 High Street, Millers Point
 * 38–72 High Street: 38-72 High Street, Millers Point
 * 74–80 High Street: 74-80 High Street, Millers Point
 * 2–4 Jenkins Street: MSB Stores Complex
 * 1–17 Kent Street: Oswald Bond Store
 * 12 Kent Street: Millers Point Post Office
 * 14, 16 Kent Street: St Brigid's Roman Catholic Church
 * 18, 20, 22 Kent Street: 18-22 Kent Street, Millers Point
 * 19 Kent Street: Lord Nelson Hotel
 * 21, 23, 25, 27, 29 Kent Street: 21-29 Kent Street, Millers Point
 * 24, 26 Kent Street: House of Bodleigh
 * 28 Kent Street: 28 Kent Street, Millers Point
 * 30 Kent Street: 30 Kent Street, Millers Point
 * 32, 34, 36, 38, 40 Kent Street: 32-40 Kent Street, Millers Point
 * 33, 35 Kent Street: Captain Cook Hotel
 * 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47 Kent Street: Alfred's Terrace
 * 42 Kent Street: 42 Kent Street, Millers Point
 * 44 Kent Street: 44 Kent Street, Millers Point
 * 46 Kent Street: 46 Kent Street, Millers Point
 * 48, 50 Kent Street: 48-50 Kent Street, Millers Point
 * 49, 51 Kent Street: 49-51 Kent Street, Millers Point
 * 52, 54 Kent Street: 52-54 Kent Street, Millers Point
 * 53, 55 Kent Street: 53-55 Kent Street, Millers Point
 * 56, 58 Kent Street: 56-58 Kent Street, Millers Point
 * 59, 61, 63 Kent Street: Hexam Terrace
 * 60, 62 Kent Street: 60-62 Kent Street, Millers Point
 * 71, 73 Kent Street: 71-73 Kent Street, Millers Point
 * 75, 77, 79 Kent Street: Winsbury Terrace
 * 81 Kent Street: Katoomba House
 * 82, 84, 86, 88 Kent Street: Blyth Terrace
 * 83, 85 Kent Street: 83-85 Kent Street, Millers Point
 * 90, 92 Kent Street: 90-92 Kent Street, Millers Point
 * 94 Kent Street: Toxteth
 * 115, 117, 119, 121 Kent Street: 115-121 Kent Street, Millers Point
 * 123, 125 Kent Street: 123-125 Kent Street, Millers Point
 * 1–19 Lower Fort Street: Milton Terrace
 * 18 Lower Fort Street: Harbour View Hotel
 * 20 Lower Fort Street: 20 Lower Fort Street, Millers Point
 * 21, 23 Lower Fort Street: 21-23 Lower Fort Street, Millers Point
 * 22 Lower Fort Street: 22 Lower Fort Street, Millers Point
 * 24, 26 Lower Fort Street: 24-26 Lower Fort Street, Millers Point
 * 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35 Lower Fort Street: Linsley Terrace
 * 28 Lower Fort Street: 28 Lower Fort Street, Millers Point
 * 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42 Lower Fort Street: 30-42 Lower Fort Street, Millers Point
 * 39, 41 Lower Fort Street: 39-41 Lower Fort Street, Millers Point
 * 43 Lower Fort Street: Clydebank
 * 47, 49, 51, 53 Lower Fort Street: 47-53 Lower Fort Street, Millers Point
 * 55 Lower Fort Street: 55 Lower Fort Street, Millers Point
 * 57, 59, 61 Lower Fort Street: Regency Townhouses
 * 63, 65 Lower Fort Street: Vermont Terrace
 * 67, 69, 71, 73 Lower Fort Street: Eagleton Terrace
 * 75, 77 Lower Fort Street: 75-77 Lower Fort Street, Millers Point
 * 79 Lower Fort Street: 79 Lower Fort Street, Millers Point
 * 81, 83 Lower Fort Street: Hero of Waterloo Hotel
 * 85 Lower Fort Street: Argyle House
 * 14–16 Merriman Street: 14-16 Merriman Street, Millers Point
 * 18 Merriman Street: 18 Merriman Street, Millers Point
 * 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 48 Merriman Street: Merriman Street Terraces
 * Munn Street: Dalgety's Bond Stores
 * 18, 18a, 20, 20a Munn Street: 18-20a Munn Street, Millers Point
 * Sydney Harbour Bridge (southern approaches/exits)
 * Trinity Avenue: Argyle Street Railway Substation
 * 2, 4 Trinity Avenue: 2-4 Trinity Avenue, Millers Point
 * 8, 10, 12 Trinity Avenue: Darling House
 * 14, 16, 18, 20, 22 Trinity Avenue: 14-22 Trinity Avenue, Millers Point
 * Upper Fort Street: Millers Point & Dawes Point Village Precinct
 * Upper Fort Street: Sydney Observatory
 * 1–63 Windmill Street: 1-63 Windmill Street, Millers Point
 * 65 Windmill Street: 65 Windmill Street, Millers Point
 * 67 Windmill Street: 67 Windmill Street, Millers Point
 * 69 Windmill Street: 69 Windmill Street, Millers Point
 * 71 Windmill Street: 71 Windmill Street, Millers Point
 * 73 Windmill Street: Stevens Terrace
 * 75 Windmill Street: Shipwrights Arms Inn
 * 82–84 Windmill Street: 82-84 Windmill Street, Millers Point
 * 86, 88 Windmill Street: 86-88 Windmill Street, Millers Point
 * 90–92 Windmill Street: 90-92 Windmill Street, Millers Point

In addition, the following Millers Point buildings are listed on various other heritage registers:
 * Agar Steps and houses
 * Argyle Cut and Argyle Street Space
 * 10–114A Kent Street: Carlson Terrace
 * 116–122 Kent Street: Richmond Villa
 * 124–134 Kent Street: Glover cottages
 * National Trust Centre (former Fort Street School), including S.H. Ervin Gallery

title: Millers Point, New South Wales


text:
Miller, New South Wales

Miller is a suburb of Sydney in the state of New South Wales, Australia 38 kilometres south-west of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of the City of Liverpool. Neighbouring suburbs include Hoxton Park, Hinchinbrook, Cartwright, Prestons, Sadleir and Busby.

Commercial area
Miller Central is the main shopping centre in Miller that is currently managed by Savills. It contains a Woolworths, Aldi, and approximately 32 other shops. Miller Shopping Centre was sold to new owners in early 2011 and renovations were completed to improve the suburb's appeal.

History
Miller was part of the Green Valley housing estate which was developed between 1961 and 1965. It is named after Peter Miller, an early landholder in the Green Valley area. When in construction, the top soil was trucked over to the north of sydney, leaving clay exposed.

Schools

 * Miller Technology High School (contains an English-language program for immigrant children from the entire Liverpool council area)
 * Miller Public School
 * Miller College
 * St Therese Catholic Primary School (Also considered to be in Sadlier)

Population
At the 2016 census, the suburb of Miller recorded a population of 3,237 people. The median age of people in Miller was 36 years, compared to the national median of 38 years. Children aged under 15 years made up 21.7% of the population and people aged 65 years and over made up 13% of the population. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people made up 3.9% of the population. Just over half (55.9%) of people were born in Australia, compared to the national average of 66.7%; the next most common countries of birth were Lebanon (5.6%), Vietnam (5.0%), Fiji (2.5%), Iraq (1.7%) and New Zealand (1.7%). Just under half (45.5%) of the population spoke only English at home; the next most common languages were Arabic (18.6%), Vietnamese (8.1%), Hindi (2.2%), Samoan (1.9%) and Spanish (1.8%). The most common responses for religion were Catholic 22.5% and Islam 20.6%.

The median household income was $739 per week, just under half the national median of $1,438 per week. The average household size was 2.7 people.

title: Miller, New South Wales


text:
Abbey Village

Abbey Village is a village in the English county of Lancashire and the constituency of Chorley. It is located on the A675 road, six miles (10 km) from Blackburn, eight miles from Chorley, nine miles (14 km) from Preston and ten miles from Bolton.

Etymology
The name is believed to have arisen from a connection with Whalley Abbey, as the village is located close to a track between the abbey and Brinscall Hall.

Community
The village is generally ribbon in layout lying along the A675. It is centred on a now redundant cotton mill which is broken down into industrial units. It has a number of amenities including a pub to the south of the village and an Indian restaurant to the north, which has now closed. There is also a driving school that operates from the area, aptly named Abbey driver training.

Education
The village has a primary school, Abbey Village County Primary School, with most pupils going on to high schools in Chorley.

Geography
The village is near the Upper and Lower Roddlesworth Reservoirs as well as the West Pennine Moors.

Public Transport
The village was formerly served by Withnell railway station but that closed in 1960.

Public transport now consists solely of the No. 2 bus service between Blackburn and Chorley. From Monday to Saturday Blackburn Bus Company operates the service Every hour throughout the day. In the evenings and on Sundays, Stagecoach Merseyside & South Lancashire runs an hourly service, finishing shortly before midnight.

title: Abbey Village


text: Template:Devon-geo-stub

title: Template:Devon-geo-stub


text:
Middle Dural, New South Wales

Middle Dural is a semi-rural suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia, 37 km north-west of the Sydney central business district in the local government areas of Hornsby Shire and The Hills Shire. Dural is a separate suburb to the south.

History
Dural is derived from Dooral-Dooral, an Aboriginal name meaning a smoking hollow tree. The original inhabitants of the Dural area were the Darug people. The name Dooral appeared on Surveyor James Meehan's map of April 1817 and originally covered the whole area including present day Glenorie, Galston, Arcadia and Dural. Timber cutters opened up the area in the early 19th century and the settlements were originally known as Upper, Middle, Lower, North and Little Dural. Located on the Old Northern Road, a historic road built by convicts between 1825 and 1836 to link early Sydney, in the Colony of New South Wales, with the fertile Hunter Valley to the north. In 1831 George Best established the Half-Way Inn at Middle Dural.

Since the 1970s the Banana Cabana Primate Sanctuary has existed in Middle Dural as a retirement facility for ex-circus and zoo monkeys such as hamadryas baboons, long-tailed macaques, rhesus macaques, black-handed spider monkeys, brown capuchins, common marmosets and even a tortoise species (leopard tortoise).

Demographics
At the 2021 census, the suburb of Middle Dural recorded a population of 1,040 residents. Of these:
 * The age distribution was older than the country in general: the median age was 46 years, compared to the national median of 38 years. Children aged under 15 years made up 17.8% of the population—the national average was 18.2%—and people aged 65 years and over made up 21.2% of the population, the national average was 17.2%.
 * 73.4% were born in Australia, the next most common countries of birth were England 4.4%, Italy 2.8%, China 2.1%, India 2.1%, and Lebanon 1.6%. 48.2% of people had both parents born in Australia.
 * 80.7% only spoke English at home; other languages spoken at home included Italian 3.4%, Arabic 2.1%, Mandarin 2.1%, Punjabi 1.1%, and Greek 1.0%.
 * The median household weekly income was $3,067, compared to the national median of $1,746. The median monthly mortgage repayment was $3,588.
 * 88.9% of households were family households, 11.1% were single-person households and 0.0% were group households. The average household size was 3.4 people.

Notable people

 * Adam Wilkinson – Talent manager, a former resident

title: Middle Dural, New South Wales


text:
Middle Cove, New South Wales

Middle Cove is a suburb on the Lower North Shore of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia 9 kilometres north of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of the City of Willoughby.

Middle Cove is bounded to the north, east and south by Middle Harbour and to the west by Eastern Valley Way. Middle Cove shares its postcode, 2068, with the surrounding suburbs of Castlecrag and Willoughby North.

In 2016 Middle Cove was ranked in the top 30 of Sydney's most liveable suburbs.

History
Middle Cove takes its name from its location between two coves, Castle Cove and Crag Cove. The suburb was undeveloped bushland until 1957 when Dick Dusseldorp bought most of the land from the NSW government and subdivided Middle Cove as we know it today. Dusseldorp was the founder and the largest share holder of Lend Lease, GPT and MLC. The Dusseldorps lived in Middle Cove until the patriarch death in 2000, the house which Dusseldorp built in Middle Cove is one of the top five house designs in Australia: it is based on Frank Lloyd Wright's inspirational honeycomb house design and is a good example of Organic Architecture.

More recently, record prices have been seen for properties within Middle Cove which have sought to take advantage of its unique location and vista by combining it with exemplary architectural design. Examples include the Glynn Nicholls (son of Eric Nicholls who was a partner of the renowned Walter Burley Griffin) designed house along The Quarterdeck and architect James Pedersen's designed house on Highland Ridge Road. The latter set a new price record for the suburb in 2016 when it sold for more than A$4.3 million.

Aboriginal culture
Before European settlement, this area was populated by the Aboriginal tribe Cammeraygal, which lends its name to the nearby suburb of Cammeray. Governor Phillip in a dispatch of 1790 reported: "...About the north-west part of this harbour there is a tribe which is mentioned as being very powerful, either from their numbers or the abilities of their chief. This district is called Cammerra, the head of the tribe is named Cammerragal, by which name the men of that tribe are distinguished. Of these Bands, we know more about the Cammeraygals. They are recorded as being a very powerful people and by far the most numerous. They were also the most robust and muscular and had the extraordinary privilege of extracting a tooth from the natives of other Bands and Tribes inhabiting the sea-coast."

Population
In the 2021 Census, there were 1,327 people in Middle Cove. 63.1% of people were born in Australia and 76.7% of people only spoke English at home. The most common responses for religion were No Religion 43.0%, Catholic 24.9%, Anglican 13.6% and Buddhism 2.1%.

Commercial area
Middle Cove has a small shopping centre on Eastern Valley Way that features small businesses. however Middle Cove's proximity to Chatswood, makes the suburb one of the best serviced suburbs in Australia.

Parks
Harold Reid Reserve is a large park overlooking Sugarloaf Bay, and brings many visitors to the area. It is named in honour of Harold J. Reid (1896-1984), a town clerk for the Municipality of Willoughby for over 50 years. The park includes lookouts, walking trails and picnic facilities. It has also been declared a protected area for wildlife, which includes goannas, sugar gliders, buff-banded rails, swamp wallabies, snakes and eastern spinebills.

Transport
Busways and CDC NSW provides bus services which run along Eastern Valley Way.

Busways Bus routes 206 (via freeway, peak hour only), 207 and 208 (via Northbridge) operate via Castlecrag and Cammeray to Gresham Street bus stop in the Sydney central business district. Peak hour bus route 209 run along the same route to Milsons Point via Miller Street. Limited bus service 275 goes to Chatswood railway station which is on the North Shore line.

CDC NSW Route 194 provides all day services to Queen Victoria Building via Northbridge Junction and Warringah Freeway.

title: Middle Cove, New South Wales


text: Template:Hampshire-geo-stub

title: Template:Hampshire-geo-stub


text:
Dark New Day

Dark New Day was an American hard rock supergroup formed in 2004 featuring Brett Hestla of Virgos Merlot, Clint Lowery of Sevendust, Troy McLawhorn of DoubleDrive, Corey Lowery of Stereomud and Stuck Mojo, and Will Hunt of Skrape. Their debut album, Twelve Year Silence, was released in 2005, followed by the EP Black Porch (Acoustic Sessions) in 2006. Though still inactive, Dark New Day released their second album, titled New Tradition, in 2012. On February 19, 2013, the band released their third album, titled Hail Mary.

Formation and Twelve Year Silence (2004–2005)
The group initially formed under the name Dark Blue in late 2004 by childhood friends Brett Hestla of Virgos Merlot, Troy McLawhorn of DoubleDrive, Clint Lowery of Sevendust and his brother Corey Lowery of Stereomud, Stuck Mojo, and Will Hunt of Skrape. After signing a deal with Warner Bros. Records, they began recording their debut album with producer Ben Grosse, whose previous production credits include Filter, Fuel, Sevendust, and Alter Bridge. It was reported that the group were to make their live debut at Wills Pub in Orlando, Florida however the band announced on the fan forum that they never said they would play that show and they had previous engagements that prevented them from playing on that date. On January 29, it was announced that the group were changing their name from Dark Blue to Dark New Day, no reason was given for the change. The group set Twelve Year Silence as the title of their debut album and posted their songs, Taking Me Alive, Lean and Heal In Time, on their Myspace. The group selected Brother as the first single from their album, which charted at No. 7 on the US Mainstream Rock chart, and announced tour dates supporting Chevelle. The song Taking Me Alive was included in the soundtrack for 2005 film House of Wax due May 3 via Maverick Records. The group announced more shows running from July through to September with Seether and Crossfade as well as a couple of solo shows.

Twelve Year Silence was released on June 14, charting at No. 103 on the Billboard 200 selling over 12,000 copies in its first week. The second single from the album Pieces, which charted at No. 28 on the US Mainstream Rock chart, was included in the compilation album Best of the Taste of Chaos.

Black Porch (Acoustic Sessions) EP (2006)
In April 2006, drummer Hunt temporarily joined Mötley Crüe for a string of dates in Canada, filling in for the injured Tommy Lee. Also Dark New Day announced they were to release an acoustic extended play, which would include two new songs, in the summer as well as begin working on the follow-up to their debut album. They played two shows in May in Jackson, Mississippi and Orlando, Florida. The song Follow the Sun Down was chosen as the first single from the now titled Black Porch (Acoustic Sessions) and invited fans to participate in the shooting of the video for the single. A download release of the EP was to be released on September 5 but there were no plans for a CD release. In December, guitarist Clint Lowery stated that the band were "searching for producers right now to collaborate with" after working on new material on and off since their debut release and were to begin recording in January 2007.

Second album and lineup changes (2007–2008)
In January 2007, it was announced that Hunt was to tour as part of Vince Neil's solo band in Australia in March/April while in February Clint Lowery was recruited as a touring guitarist for Korn. The group stated that they were to continue on despite Clint's involvement with Korn, a move which they supported, and planned to enter the studio on March, 26. On May 17, 2007, it was announced that both McLawhorn and Hunt would temporarily join Evanescence as their touring guitarist and drummer, respectively. Evanescence lead singer Amy Lee stated that "We're just borrowing Will and Troy for awhile" and that they would not be leaving Dark New Day. There were growing rumours that the group were on the verge of splitting up due to Hunt and McLawhorn's involvement with Evanescence however guitarist Clint Lowery shot down these rumours stating:

"As you may have heard Will and Troy are going out with Evanescence. And you've heard I'm going out with Korn this year. I'm here to say Dark New Day will live on. We recorded some great material recently with Dave Bendeth and I just met with my A&R guy at our label. All of us are gonna be off in September after Family Values and we will record our record then. The great thing is I'll be out there with Troy and Will and we can continue writing with them for the new record."

On June 25, a new song titled Hail Mary was posted on the group's Myspace. In September 2007, Clint posted on Dark New Day's MySpace page saying that the band returned to the studio to record their next album with producer Dave Bendeth. Mixing began in November and the album was completed by December with the band confirming some of the songs titles to appear on the album such as Simple, Hail Mary, Fiend, Outside and Vicious Thinking. In March 2008, the group posted one of the tracks set to appear on the new album on Myspace titled Goodbye however a few days later it was announced that Clint had rejoined previous band Sevendust although he still hoped the new album would be released soon. In April, drummer Hunt issued an update stating that Warner Bros. had decided to release the album however no release date was set. In May, guitarist Troy McLawhorn became the second member to leave the group. The group announced the addition of Switched guitarist B.C. Kochmit, who Hunt described as "the perfect combination of Troy and Clint", with frontman Brett Hestla also taking up guitar duties for the group. They also announced they would be releasing a series of Demo Tracks as downloadable "releases" in anticipation for their new album. Two songs from these were posted to the band's MySpace page, Fiend (Version 1) and I Don't Need You. On July 28, three new songs were added to their MySpace page, Anywhere, Simple and Vicious Thinking, as well as another version of Fiend, Goodbye and Hail Mary. They also announced a one-off show at the Three Bears Café in Marietta, Georgia on September 6 where, during the show, guitarist Clint joined them on stage, after Sevendust's show was cancelled due to tropical storm Hannah.

Side projects (2009–2011)
In February 2009, Clint Lowery issued an update for the band since "there hasn't been an official statement given" in sometime by the group stating it was unlikely that the album would be given an official release but that he would find out if there was a chance of the album being made available on iTunes. Despite this he stated that his update didn't clear much up and that the future of the group "doesn't look good".

In June 2009, it was announced that both Dark New Day members Corey Lowery and B.C. Kochmit had formed a new group called Violent Plan with singer Donnie Hamby, of DoubleDrive, and drummer Dan Richardson, of Pro-Pain, Crumbsuckers, Life of Agony and Stereomud completing a nine-song demo. However this group was short lived and by November they disbanded.

In November it was announced, along with the break-up of Violent Plan, that Corey Lowery and B.C. Kochmit had formed another group called Eye Empire in October, with Donald Carpenter, formerly of Submersed. The group's lineup was rounded off with drummer Garrett Whitlock, also formerly of Submersed, and solo artist Dixie Duncan on guitar. The new group have posted demos on their official Myspace and have toured with Sevendust.

In February 2010, it was announced that drummer Will Hunt, currently with Evanescence, would join Black Label Society for the recording of their new album as well as touring with the group. As of June 2010, Hunt is the full-time drummer of Crossfade and has recorded one album with them, We All Bleed, which is set for an April 2011 release via Eleven Seven Music.

Despite the unreleased album not officially released via iTunes or physical CD format, it has been released via various torrent and blogging sites under the title of "Vicious Thinking."

On September 1 via Twitter, Dark New Day guitarist Clint Lowery posted "Cool, 2 new complete dnd records will be available on iTunes and other digital stores soon. Some real cool unreleased material. Stay tuned!." This was followed by another message by Lowery a day later stating "FYI- Dark new day "hail Mary" and "B-sides" albums should be available next week on iTunes etc. if all goes well. Was a long time coming." The released Hail Mary and B-Sides digitally, but have since been removed.

New Tradition and Hail Mary (2012–2013)
On January 6, 2012, the band announced their new record titled New Tradition would be released on February 28. The first single entitled "New Tradition" was sent to radio stations the same day. Clint Lowery posted the following statement; "We're very excited about the new DARK NEW DAY release. It seems the time is right to make these songs public and share with the fans that continue to support this project. We believe this music is still very valid and powerful today, and think its mandatory we give these songs a fair chance out in the music world. We owe it to ourselves and the DARK NEW DAY fans. 'New Tradition' sums up the mindset we were in writing the follow-up to 'Twelve Year Silence'." Many of the tracks from 'New Tradition' were previously released on the B-Sides and Hail Mary albums. Brett Hestla said about the album:

"The illusion of this record is that it's a brand new record. The truth is that these are demos that we did for the second record that was supposed to come out in '06 or '07, so we've had these songs on the back burner, and we tried several avenues to get them released. We lost our deal with Warner Brothers because the people who signed us no longer worked there, so the album was like a child without a home there… Now, we're able to release the album, and it's amazing how the songs have held up over the test of time. I feel like they sound current and fresh, and it's almost like we were ahead of the game recording it, and it may be a blessing that it took a while to come out. You never know how these things go. I'm excited for people to hear the songs." The band also provided a bonus track, "Rising Sun", to fans who purchased the album before March 6.

Hail Mary was released to physical media in February 2013, six years after being recorded, and two years after it was released as a digital download.

Band members

 * Brett Hestla – lead vocals (2004–2008, 2012) rhythm guitar (2008, 2012), lead guitar (2012)
 * Clint Lowery – lead guitar, vocals (2004–2008)
 * Troy McLawhorn – rhythm guitar, backing vocals (2004–2008)
 * Corey Lowery – bass, backing vocals (2004–2008, 2012)
 * Will Hunt – drums, backing vocals (2004–2008, 2012)

Touring musicians
 * B.C. Kochmit – rhythm guitar, backing vocals (2008)

Discography
Studio albums
 * Twelve Year Silence (2005)
 * New Tradition (2012)
 * Hail Mary (2013)

EPs
 * Black Porch (Acoustic Sessions) (2006)

title: Dark New Day


text:
Protestantism in the Philippines

Protestant denominations arrived in the Philippines in 1898, after the United States took control of the Philippines from Spain, first with United States Army chaplains and then within months civilian missionaries.

Protestants makes up nearly 11% of the Filipino population. They include a wide variety of Pentecostal, Evangelical and independent churches. Some denominations were founded locally.

History
It is likely that there was some Protestant activity in the Philippines before 1898, such as during the British occupation of the Philippines, but there was no churches or missions established. One alleged early Filipino Protestant was Paulino Zamora, father of Methodist bishop Nicolás Zamora. Some consider Paulino to be the first Protestant in the Philippines. At the time of the Philippine Revolution, Nicolas Zamora was already preaching the gospel, making him one of the earliest Protestant ministers in the Philippines, even before the arrival of American missionaries.

Protestantism began to seriously develop in the Philippines after the Spanish–American War when the United States acquired the Philippines from the Spanish with the 1898 Treaty of Paris. During American Colonial Period, the Catholic Church was disestablished as the state religion, giving Protestant missionaries more opportunities to enter the islands. In addition, there was a backlash against the Hispanic Catholicism and a greater acceptance of Protestantism represented by the Americans. The dominance of the Catholic Church in all aspects of life in Spanish Philippines and Protestant anti-Catholic animosity were prominent reasons for the start of Protestant missionary activity. In 1901 the Evangelical Union was established in the Philippines to co-ordinate activities amongst the Protestant denominations and lay the foundations for an indigenous religious movement.

The first Protestant service during this era was on Sunday, August 28, 1898. Chaplain George Stull, a member of The Methodist Episcopal Church, came with the occupying forces. Although his primary duty was to minister to the soldiers, he recorded in his diary that that first service, held in an old Spanish dungeon facing Manila Bay, was attended not only by his own men but by some Filipinos as well. He commented on this service:

"That the power of God will use this day to make a good Catholic better, any weak American stronger, any backslider ashamed, and the gloomy old dungeon the beginning of wonderful things in these Islands, is my prayer."

The Comity Agreement (1898–1941)

After the defeat of the Spanish in the Battle of Manila Bay by the U.S. Navy's Asiatic Squadron, Presbyterian, Baptist and Methodist leaders met in 1898 in New York to discuss how to bring Protestantism to the Philippines. The result was a comity agreement that divided the Philippines into missionary areas by denomination to avoid future conflicts among themselves and their converts. Only one Protestant denomination would be in each area.

The meeting was followed by another gathering in 1901 by the early missionaries in Manila to further discuss the comity agreement with three specific major agenda items:

 * "to organize the Evangelical Union,"
 * "choose a common name for Protestant churches," and
 * "delineate the geographical work allotments for each church."

From 1898 to 1930 the different Protestant denominations that joined the comity agreement were:
 * Methodists (1898) assigned most of lowland Luzon and north of Manila;
 * Presbyterians (1899) assigned Bicol, Southern Tagalog area and some parts of Central and Western Visayas;
 * Baptists (1900) Western Visayas;
 * United Brethren (1901) Mountain Province and La Union;
 * Disciples of Christ (1901) Ilocos, Abra, and Tagalog towns;
 * Congregationalists (1902), Mindanao except for the western end; and
 * Christian and Missionary Alliance (1902), Western Mindanao and Sulu Archipelago.
 * Brethren (Kapatirang Kristiano) linked to Plymouth Brethren, was established in the 1930s in San Juan, Metro Manila by a missionary named Cyril H. Brooks. They planted numerous chapels in the Philippines with majority in Bulacan, Pampanga and Rizal Province.

Manila was open to all denominations and mission agencies. The Seventh-day Adventist Church and the Episcopal Church in the Philippines did not join because they wanted to go to all parts of the archipelago. American Protestant Missions (APM) emphasized institutional ministry and medical missions in their evangelistic and missions endeavors.

For a short time the comity agreement worked well, until the situation grew more intricate and splits occurred. The Methodists split in 1909 when Nicolas Zamora founded the Iglesia Evangelica Metodista en las Islas Filipinas (IEMELIF). This shattered the agreement. Thus, the IEMELIF became the first indigenous evangelical denomination, an all-Filipino-supported church at that time, with Methodist Ilocanos from Northern Luzon moved into the areas of the United Church of Christ in the Philippines in Mindanao. Baptist Ilonggos migrated from Iloilo to Central Cotabato, traditionally Christian and Missionary Alliance territory. As this kind of movement increased, the sharp boundaries between the different comity areas became obscured.

Divisions came with growth and expansion, and personality clashes, racial tensions, the dynamics of nationalism, cultural differences, power struggles and other non-theological factors contributed to the schisms. In the 1920s the fundamentalist-modernist controversy in the United States affected the Philippines, causing further division. By 1921, some nineteen independent denominations were registered with the Security and Exchange Commission (SEC) and important splits occurred among the Methodists, Baptists, Presbyterians and Disciples of Christ. Several small denominations, some of them entirely under national leadership, emerged.

Unity of the churches was still a goal. In 1929, the United Brethren, Presbyterian and Congregational Churches formed the United Evangelical Church in the Philippines. In 1932, six of the smaller indigenous denominations of Presbyterian and Methodist backgrounds formed the Iglesia Evangelica Unida de Cristo, or now more commonly known as the Unida Christian Church. The assembly of these indigenous denominations was called by Don Toribio Teodoro, owner of the Ang Tibay shoes. The National Christian Council was founded in 1929 as a successor of the Evangelical Union. This was followed in 1938 by the organization of the Philippine Federation of Evangelical Churches. With the coming of World War II and the Japanese occupation of the Philippines, the United Evangelical Church underwent severe trying circumstances when the mission agencies were completely cut off from the United States. American missionaries were incarcerated and mission funds were unexpectedly discontinued.

World War II and independence
To deal with the diverse Protestant groups, the Japanese during their occupation of the Philippines during Second World War pressed for the formation of the Evangelical Church of the Philippines which combined thirteen denominations. However, most of the larger denominations such as Methodist, Episcopal, Unida and other independent churches refused to join. After the war, the Evangelical Church of the Philippines further fragmented, but the Disciples of Christ, the United Brethren, the Iglesia Evangelica Unida de Cristo, the Evangelica Nacional, some individual congregations of the IEMELIF, the Philippine Methodist and the Presbyterian Churches remained intact. Several churches united to form the United Church of Christ in the Philippines in 1948. In 1949 the United Evangelical Church, the Philippine Federation of Evangelical Churches, and the Iglesia Evangelica Unida de Cristo formed the Philippine Federation of Christian Churches, now called the National Council of Churches in the Philippines. Today, Protestant and evangelical churches and denominations are grouped into major councils of churches: The National Council of Churches in the Philippines (NCCP) for mainline Protestant churches and the Philippine Council of Evangelical Churches (PCEC) for evangelical churches, organized in 1964.

Several independent church organizations emerged in the 1970s and mid-1980s, such as the Jesus Is Lord Church Worldwide, the Greenhills Christian Fellowship founded in 1978 by the Conservative Baptists, the Bread of Life Ministries International founded in 1982, and the Christ's Commission Fellowship and Victory Christian Fellowship both established in 1984. These churches used mass media to spread evangelical Christianity in the country and to establish more non-denominational, Pentecostal, and charismatic churches. These churches grew up rapidly and are considered one of the major Protestant megachurches in the Philippines.

A major factor in the development of Philippine Protestantism is the explicit expression of religious freedom found in Section 5, Article III ("Bill of Rights) of the 1987 Constitution, separating church and state. The concept and its English phrasing has been present in every national charter since the 1935 Constitution promulgated by the Commonwealth government. The Philippine Youth Movement founded in 1926 boosted the move to develop the indigenous Protestant church nationwide.

A theme in the development of Protestantism in the Philippines is the tension between the religion and nationalism. After an initial period of resentment toward American missionaries, Filipinos gradually accepted Protestantism. During the 1920s and '30s, American Methodist missionaries openly supported Filipino independence from the United States.

Education

Protestant missionaries founded many schools and universities in the Philippines. Some of which are founded by early American Protestant missionaries. Most notable of these is Silliman University, the first Protestant school in the country and the first university founded by Americans in Asia. Silliman is followed by the Central Philippine University, its sister institution, and other institutions of higher learning such as Trinity University of Asia, West Negros University, Filamer Christian University, the Philippine Christian University and the Adventist University of the Philippines.

List of major denominations and prominent independent churches
Some are members of the Association of Pastors for Outreach and Intercession, G12 Philippines, National Council of Churches in the Philippines, Philippine Council of Evangelical Churches, Philippines for Jesus Movement, Christian Conference of Asia, World Methodist Council and the World Council of Churches.

title: Protestantism in the Philippines


text:
User talk:Rahul0002

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, you can post to the help desk or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! Sam Vimes 07:06, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
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title: User talk:Rahul0002


text:
Abbey Wood

Abbey Wood is an area in southeast London, England, straddling the border between the Royal Borough of Greenwich and the London Borough of Bexley. It is located 10.6 mi east of Charing Cross. According to the 2021 census, Abbey Wood has a population of 17,700 (rounded to the nearest 100).

Toponymy
The area takes its name from Lesnes Abbey Woods, located to the east, which once belonged to the monks of Lesnes Abbey.

Development
The Abbey of St Mary and St Thomas the Martyr at Lesnes (or Lesnes Abbey) was founded in 1178 by Richard de Luci, Chief Justiciar of England. The Abbot of Lesnes Abbey was an important local landlord, and took a leading part in draining the marshland. However, this and the cost of maintaining river embankments was one of the reasons given for the Abbey's chronic financial difficulties. It never became a large community, and was closed by Cardinal Wolsey in 1525, under a licence to suppress monasteries of less than seven inmates. It was one of the first monasteries to be closed after the Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1524, and the monastic buildings were all pulled down, except for the Abbot's Lodging. Henry Cooke acquired the site in 1541 and it eventually passed to Sir John Hippersley who salvaged building materials, before selling the property to Thomas Hawes of London in 1632. It was then bequeathed to Christ's Hospital in 1633.

Abbey Wood railway station was opened in 1849, immediately to the north of the area now known as "The Village", built where Knee Hill became Harrow Manorway. Contemporary maps show Knee Hill as a minor track compared with a more major pathway through the centre of the existing woods. The Village consisted of a dozen or so cottages, and two pubs, the Abbey Arms (next to the railway station) and the Harrow Inn (demolished in 2009). The Harrow Inn which was located on the Kent side of Abbey Wood was the place where live bands would play in their hall; it was also the scene of a nightly migration as drinkers would relocate to the Abbey Arms each night, as Kentish closing times used to be 10.30pm whilst the Abbey Arms, which was in London, closed at 11 o'clock.

Abbey Wood was suggested as a site for a cemetery serving east London at a time of burial crisis in the capital. When the station was new, Edwin Chadwick proposed the closure of all existing burial grounds in the vicinity of London other than the privately owned Kensal Green Cemetery northwest of the city, which was to be nationalised and greatly enlarged to provide a single burial ground for west London, while a large tract of land on the Thames around 9 mi southeast of London in Abbey Wood was to become a single burial ground for east London. The Treasury was sceptical that Chadwick's scheme would ever be financially viable, and it was widely unpopular. Although the Metropolitan Interments Act 1850 (13 & 14 Vict. c. 52) authorised the scheme, it was abandoned in 1852.

The Royal Arsenal Co-operative Society (RACS) owned two farms on the hillside to the south of The Village; between 1900 and 1930, the RACE built the Bostall Estate. Once known as "Tin Check Island" after the Society's dividend system, and known locally as "The Co-op Estate", this has streets named after Co-operative themes (Alexander McLeod, the first secretary of the RACS, Rochdale, Robert Owen, Congress), a school and shops but, like much social housing of the period, no public houses. The housing is largely traditional of the "two-up, two-down" design, in distinctive yellow London brick, with gardens to the front and rear.

Between 1955 and 1959, the London County Council built the Abbey Estate starting with one road south of the railway and later extending on the northern side on former Royal Arsenal marshland. Predominantly conventional brick houses with gardens, at first there were no shops or pubs, later equipped with a few shops and pubs together with schools and open spaces were added. Transport was non-existent at first until one bus, the route 180 was added after the building of Eynsham bridge. The estate was first used to rehouse people from Dockhead and Peckham then London's East End. The main through-road is Eynsham Drive.

In the mid-1960s,the Greater London Council began building the first phase of Thamesmead on more ex-Royal Arsenal land, north-east of Abbey Wood station. The original railway level crossing was replaced by a flyover.

Abbey Wood benefited from the opening of the DLR station at Woolwich Arsenal, whilst the next stage in the development of the area was the construction of Crossrail, a development tipped to encourage the growth of local house prices. Crossrail, renamed The Elizabeth line, opened in 2022, with travel times of 11 minutes to Canary Wharf and 25 minutes to Bond Street.

The Greenwich ward of Abbey Wood has a population of just over 13,000, and its rail station sees over 3 million passenger journeys a year.

Demographics
According to the 2021 census, Abbey Wood has a population of 17,700. 35.4% of residents are aged 0-24, above the borough average of 31.3%. The largest ethnic group is White, making up 46.3% of the population, below the borough average of 55.7%, with the second largest being Black/Black British being 33.1% of the population, above the borough average of 21.0%. The largest religious group in Abbey Wood is Christianity, making up 51.7% of the population, with the second largest being No religion, with 24.5% of the population.

Places of interest
Places of interest include the ruins of the 12th-century Lesnes Abbey and the adjacent Lesnes Abbey Woods, a Local Nature Reserve. Part of the Woods are designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest called Abbey Wood, which has important Paleogene fossils. The ancient Bostall Woods & Heath. Bostall Woods (part of the South East London Green Chain) includes one of the few camping and caravan sites in London, which is owned and operated by The Caravan Club. The co-operative woods were also the site of the first camp for the Woodcraft Folk.

St. Michael and All Angels Parish Church was opened in a temporary building in 1905. A permanent church, designed by Sir Arthur Blomfield, was consecrated three years later, and the original building became the church hall. The Victorian Crossness Pumping Station is another notable local attraction.

Recreational facilities and parks
Abbey Wood has a number of parks and sports areas, including Bostall Gardens (play area, tennis courts and basketball court), Bostall Heath (cricket pitch, bowling green, orienteering, football pitch) and Abbey Wood Park (play area and football pitch). It also has a women's netball team Abbey Angels. Abbey Wood Yoga offer yoga classes at St Paul's Academy, Bostall Gardens and pop-up events in and around Abbey Wood.

Notable people
Sir Charles Tilston Bright, the British electrical engineer who oversaw the laying of the first transatlantic telegraph cable in 1858, died in Abbey Wood in May 1888.

Snooker champion Steve Davis lived in Commonwealth Way, Abbey Wood and went to Alexander McLeod Primary School and Abbey Wood Secondary School. Boxer Julius Francis went to St Thomas a Becket Primary School and Abbey Wood School, and Olympic runner Jennifer Stoute also went to Abbey Wood School. Playwright Jonathan Harvey also taught there. Kate Bush attended the convent school at the top of Knee Hill.

Robert Napper is one of Abbey Wood School's more infamous names. Convicted of two murders, one manslaughter, two rapes and two attempted rapes, Napper was in Abbey Wood from 1977 to 1982. He is most commonly known for his fatal attack on Rachel Nickell on Wimbledon Common in 1992 and the killing of Samantha Bisset and her four-year-old daughter Jazmine at Bisset's home in Plumstead in 1993. Napper was convicted of these crimes in December 2008, and sentenced to be held 'indefinitely' at Broadmoor Hospital. He is also believed to be the "Green Chain Rapist", who carried out at least 70 savage attacks across south-east London over a four-year period ending in 1994.

William Morris lived at the nearby Red House, in Bexleyheath, a house which was built for him by the architect Philip Webb. Morris regularly walked to Abbey Wood station, and a plaque just off Knee Hill commemorates this association.

Stewart Cochrane, a cruise ship bandleader, jazz musician, onetime member of NWOHM band Samson and author of Chindit Special Force Burma 1944 attended DeLucy infant/primary school.

Culture
Time 106.8, a licensed local radio station that evolved from an early cable channel - Radio Thamesmead - had studios on the Abbey Wood/Plumstead borders, and closed in April 2009. Abbey Wood also hosted London's first cable TV station, Cablevision, on Plumstead High Street, near Wickham Lane.

Education
St Paul's Academy is a Roman Catholic secondary school located in the area, on the original site of the Abbey Wood comprehensive school. It was previously known as St Paul's RC Secondary School, whilst located in Wickham Lane, before converting to academy status in 2005 when it moved to the new site.

Geography
Abbey Wood borders Thamesmead to the northwest, north and northeast, Belvedere to the east and southeast, West Heath.

London Buses
Abbey Wood is served by the following London Buses routes:
 * 177 from Peckham to Thamesmead
 * 180 from Erith, Fraser Road to North Greenwich
 * 229 from Queen Mary's Hospital to Thamesmead
 * 244 from Abbey Wood to Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woolwich
 * 301 from Bexleyheath Shopping Centre to Woolwich
 * 401 from Bexleyheath Shopping Centre to Thamesmead
 * 472 from North Greenwich to Abbey Wood
 * 469 from Queen Elizabeth Hospital to Erith
 * B11 from Bexleyheath to South Thamesmead, Yarnton Way
 * SL3 from Thamesmead to Bromley North
 * N1 from Thamesmead to Tottenham Court Road (night bus)

National Rail
The nearest station is Abbey Wood for Southeastern services towards Barnehurst, Crayford, Dartford, Gillingham, London Cannon Street and Charing Cross, and Thameslink services towards Luton. The station became a terminus for the southeastern branch of the Crossrail-constructed Elizabeth line on 24 May 2022, providing services towards London Paddington and Heathrow Terminal 5.

title: Abbey Wood


text:
Merrylands West, New South Wales

Merrylands West is a suburb in western Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Geography
Merrylands West is located 23 kilometres west of the Sydney central business district in the local government area of the Cumberland City Council. The eastern part of Merrylands West is known locally as "Hilltop".

Commercial area
Merrylands West contains several schools – Merrylands High School, Cerdon College- an all-girls school, as well as Hilltop Road and Sherwood Grange Public Schools. There is a retirement community, Cardinal Gilroy Village, situated on 45 Barcom Street, behind the high schools. The suburb is commercially serviced by a small shopping centre comprising a supermarket and fast food outlets. Merrylands West also contains the Central Gardens – a small wildlife park in Sydney's west.

Transport
There are two T-way stops in Merrylands West – the Sherwood stop near the main intersection, and the Canal stop in front of the two high schools. The area is also serviced by other local bus companies.

title: Merrylands West, New South Wales


text:
Talk:Pranger

Picture
That picture looks more like a statue on a pillar... Thanx 69.142.2.68 07:08, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Because it is. It's one of few versions of pranger Radomil talk 07:35, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

Merge in to Pillory?

 * I was bold and removed merge tag though they surved similar purposes the two are substancially different in the way they were made and how the were used. Gnangarra 14:44, 20 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Restored it, pending discussion- Gnangarra didn't even bother to spell at least Pillory right (now corrected) Fastifex 08:14, 3 September 2006 (UTC)

Pranger of Poznań
The Pranger of Poznań, used for illustration, doesn't conform to the definition in this article's text. William Avery (talk) 09:06, 28 January 2019 (UTC)

The photo should be removed as it does not relate to the article. The Pranger of Poznań is a statue of an executioner. Flight Risk (talk) 02:46, 27 March 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pranger


text:
Talk:Washington Squares

"You Can't Kill Me"
I wrote (with "You Can't Kill Me" in mind), "…many of their own originals were a little less politically direct, for example alluding to the assassination of gay San Francisco politician Harvey Milk without mentioning him by name." This has been changed to "many of their own originals were powerfully political, for example, "You Can't Kill Me," alluding to the assassination of gay San Francisco politician Harvey Milk." I wish I had a citation on their deliberate choice to keep that song a bit obscure; I have it from "the horse's mouth" (in conversation with Tom Goodkind some time in the mid-to-late 1980s, when they were in Seattle to play at the Bumbershoot festival), but no way to prove that. -- Jmabel | Talk 07:08, August 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * Wow, almost exactly a year later, someone has anomymously made the same edit. And I've reverted for the same reason. - Jmabel | Talk 06:43, 1 September 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Washington Squares


text:
Abbeycwmhir

Abbeycwmhir or Abbey Cwmhir (Abaty Cwm Hir, "Abbey in the Long Valley") is a village and community in the valley of the Nant Clywedog in Powys, Wales. The community includes the hamlet of Bwlch-y-sarnau. It was historically in Radnorshire.

The Abbey
The village is named after Cwmhir Abbey, the Cistercian abbey built there in 1143. It was the largest abbey in Wales, but was never completed. Its fourteen bay nave was longer than Canterbury and Salisbury Cathedral naves and twice as long as that at St. Davids. It was a daughter house of Whitland Abbey, and was constructed at the behest of three sons of Madog, the then Prince of southern Powys. The first community at Dyvanner (Ty faenor, "Manor House") failed because of the intervention of Hugh de Mortimer, Earl of Hereford, but in 1176 Rhys ap Gruffydd of Deheubarth re-established the Abbey on land given by Cadwallon ap Madog. Llywelyn ap Gruffudd is buried near the altar in the nave.

The abbey was burned by the forces of Owain Glyndŵr in 1401. At the time of the dissolution of the monasteries in March 1537, only three monks lived in the abbey.

The Abbey was slighted in 1644, during the English Civil War, although some ruins still remain. There is a memorial stone to Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, the last native Prince of Wales of direct descent, whose body is buried there.

Places of note

 * The village church of St Mary was rebuilt in the Neo-Byzantine style by Mary Beatrice Philips in 1866. She was a granddaughter of Francis Philips, who purchased the Abbeycwmhir estate in 1837 with money from the cotton trade. It replaced a church built in 1680. Soon after the Victorian church was built, the writer Francis Kilvert visited.
 * The Happy Union Inn is a Grade II listed building. Its age is unknown. The present owner is the third generation of his family to run the pub.
 * Abbey Cwmhir Hall is a Georgian style house built in 1833 by Thomas Wilson, a London lawyer who had purchased the 3000 acre Abbeycwmhir estate. It is open to the public.

title: Abbeycwmhir


text:
Richard Alston (politician)

Richard Kenneth Robert Alston (born 19 December 1941) is an Australian businessman, former politician and former barrister. He served as a Senator for Victoria from 1986 to 2004, representing the Liberal Party. During the Howard government he held ministerial office as Minister for Communications and the Arts (1996–1997), Communications, the Information Economy and the Arts (1997–1998), and Communications, Information Technology and the Arts (1998–2003). He is Australia's longest serving both Communications minister and Arts minister.

In his ministerial capacity he led more than a dozen highly successful telecommunications and IT trade missions around the world as well as representing Australia at APEC Telecommunications Ministerial Conferences in Singapore, Cancun, Shanghai and the Gold Coast (chaired). In 1999 he received an Award for Outstanding Contribution to the IT industry from the Asia-Oceania Computing Industry Organisation. In 2002 he was voted Best Asian Communications Minister and in 2003 he received an Outstanding Service Award from the Australian Venture Capital Association.

He served as High Commissioner to the United Kingdom (2005–2008) where he was a Commissioner of the Commonwealth War Graves Commission for three years. In 2007 he was the Australian Prime Minister's Special Envoy and Leader of the Australian delegation to the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (CHOGM) in Uganda. From 2014 to 2017 he was Federal President of the Liberal Party and a member of the Party's Federal Executive for 18 years.

Senate
On 7 May 1986 Alston was appointed by the Parliament of Victoria under section 15 of the Australian Constitution to fill the vacancy in the Australian Senate caused by the death of Senator Alan Missen. He was re-elected in 1987, 1990, 1996 and 2001.

Alston was a member of the Opposition Shadow Ministry from 1989 to 1996, and was Deputy Leader of the Opposition in the Senate 1993–96. Shadow Minister for Social Security, Child Care and Superannuation, as well as Communications and the Arts, were among the positions he held in the shadow ministry. He was Minister for Communications and the Arts 1996–97, Minister for Communications, the Information Economy and the Arts 1997–98 and Minister for Communications, Information Technology and the Arts 1998–2003. He was also Deputy Leader of the Government in the Senate 1996–2003.

Alston resigned from the Senate on 10 February 2004, and he was replaced by Mitch Fifield.

Later career
After leaving Parliament he was actively involved in businesses both in Australia and abroad. For seven years he was a member of the international advisory board of CQS LLP, one of the world's largest hedge funds and later on the board of its Australian subsidiary. For six years he was a director of a UK public company Chime plc. From 2010 to 2013 he was a member of the Asia-Pacific advisory board of Alcatel-Lucent.

He has chaired the boards of three publicly listed Australian companies, as well as Sunny Ridge, Australia's largest strawberry farm. He has been a member of the national and Victorian boards of the Australia China Business Council. He has been a member of the advisory board of investor relations firm, Market Eye, chairman of Qato, an Australian long-short fund, a director of Nanuk Asset Management, a director of CPA Australia for three years. and a director for many years of Balmoral Gardens, a retirement village owner. He is currently a director of China Telecom (Australia), chairman of National Advisory, an Australian corporate advisory firm and a member of the Council of the National Gallery of Australia.

He has served as the chairman of the Alliance Circle, an advisory board to an international partnership between Monash University and Warwick University (UK). He has been chairman of the Docklands Community Centre project and a board member of Chaplains Without Borders. From 2009 to 2011 he was chairman of the Melba Foundation, the owner of Melba Recordings, producers of internationally renowned classical music. Since 2009 he has been an adjunct professor at Bond University and a member of the board of trustees. He is also an adjunct ssociate professor at the University of NSW, Canberra. He is an ambassador-at-large of RedR Australia.

Early life
Alston was educated at Xavier College (Kew), the University of Melbourne and Monash University, graduating with bachelor's degrees in law, arts and commerce from Melbourne University and master's degrees in law and business administration from Monash University. He was a barrister before entering politics.

His brother is noted academic Philip Alston. From February 2005 to February 2008, Alston served as Australian High Commissioner to the United Kingdom. Since 2004 he has been an adjunct professor of information technology at Bond University. Since 2022 he has been an adjunct associate professor at the University of NSW, UNSW Canberra. c

Since leaving Parliament, Alston has served as chairman of three listed Australian companies and as a director of a number of listed public companies in both Australia and the United Kingdom. These have been in fields as diverse as information technology, broadcasting services, sandalwood, public relations, advertising and ironsands.

Alston served as a member of the international board of CQS LLP, a United Kingdom-based hedge fund for seven years and as a director of its Australian subsidiary. Alston also served for six years as a director of United Kingdom-based public company, Chime PLC. He also served as chairman of the advisory board of Qato Capital,an Australian long short fund, as a director of Nanuk Asset Management and as a director of Balmoral Gardens, a retirement village owner and operator for many years and a director of CPA Australia for three years..

Alston was federal president of the Liberal Party from 2014 to 2017.

Publications

 * More to Life than Politics? (2020), a memoir
 * Australia, the United States and China in a Post-Covid World (2020)
 * Reflections on the EU Project and its Flaws: A Fatal Conceit about Markets and the Real World (2021)
 * Donald Trump: The Ultimate Contrarian (2021)
 * Their ABC: Inside Australia's Largest Sheltered Workshop (2022)
 * "Freedom of speech and diversity of expression", in Dignity and Prosperity (2003)

Honours
At the 2015 Australia Day Honours, Alston was appointed an Officer of the Order of Australia for distinguished service to the Parliament of Australia, to international relations through diplomatic roles, to business development in diverse sectors, and to the community. Alston was also awarded the Centenary Medal in 2001 for service as Minister for Communications, Information Technology and the Arts.

title: Richard Alston (politician)


text:
Richard Alston (choreographer)

Sir Richard Alston CBE (born 30 October 1948) is a British choreographer. He has been resident choreographer and artistic director for the Ballet Rambert and is currently artistic director at The Place. His works include "Windhover" (1972), "Soda Lake", and "Pulsinella" (1987).

Life and career
Educated at Eton College, Alston trained as a dancer at the London School of Contemporary Dance, and then choreographed for the London Contemporary Dance Theatre before forming the UK's first independent dance company, Strider, in 1972.

In 1976, he went to New York City to study at the Merce Cunningham Dance Studio. In 1980 he was appointed resident choreographer with Ballet Rambert, serving as the company's artistic director from 1986 to 1992.

During that time he created 25 works for Rambert as well as the Royal Danish Ballet (1982), the Royal Ballet (1983), and two solo works for Michael Clark (Soda Lake and Dutiful Ducks). He returned to Rambert in 2001, creating Unrest for the company's 70th anniversary.

In 1981, Alston's dance company, "Strider", had merged with choreographer Siobhan Davies' company "Siobhan Davies and Dancers", to form "Second Stride".

A revival of his Dangerous Liaisons (1985) was toured by Scottish Ballet in 2003.

In 1994, Alston took up the post of artistic director at The Place and formed The Richard Alston Dance Company; since then he has made over 50 pieces for the company.

In 2011 Alston created a new ballet en pointe, A Rugged Flourish, for New York Theatre Ballet

Honours
Alston was made an honorary Doctor of Philosophy (Dance) at the University of Surrey in 1992 and in 2003 he received an honorary MA from University College Chichester.

In 1995, he was named Chevalier dans l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres in recognition of his work in France.

In January 2001 he was appointed a CBE. Alston was knighted in the 2019 New Year's Honours List for Services to Dance.

Richard Alston Dance Company
Alston's own company was launched in 1994 to critical acclaim. In 2002 the BBC commissioned Alston to choreograph excerpts from The Rite of Spring for their Masterworks series, directed by Jonathan Haswell. In Autumn 2003, Martin Lawrance's Grey Allegro was introduced into the repertoire – the first time another choreographer's work has been performed by the company.

In May 2004 the company made its New York debut with a week of performances at the Joyce Theater. In March 2020 Richard Alston Dance Company ceased activity in line with new priorities for touring, agreed between The Place and Arts Council England.

title: Richard Alston (choreographer)


text: Talk:Sebastian Cabot (actor)

title: Talk:Sebastian Cabot (actor)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/MarileSoft

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was speedy delete. Rob Church Talk 00:38, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

MarileSoft
Delete. I ended up here through the VfD of CYBORIS. Not only does MarileSoft get no hits on Google, its founder only lands 64. Hell, even I manage over 700, and I'm still non-notable, IMHO. :) Furthermore, this page reads like an advertisement for this company and doesn't really provide much in the way of useful information. The founder does have a Linux distribution to his name, but since anyone can throw one of those together, I remain unimpressed. FreelanceWizard 07:09, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete this spam. --DrTorstenHenning 07:50, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, non-notable, vanity. See Marile Soft and CYBORIS. — J I P | Talk 07:53, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per JIP. KissL 10:53, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete vanity. Nandesuka 11:45, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Prob. ad. DV8 2XL 12:58, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Mika Ronkainen

Mika Ronkainen (born 6 August 1970) is a Finnish film director and screenwriter from Oulu, Northern Finland. Ronkainen is the co-creator and director of successful crime drama All the Sins and he has also worked with documentary films and theatre. In June 2013 American magazine Variety selected Ronkainen as one of ten up-and-coming European directors to watch.

Documentaries
Ronkainen's international breakthrough film was Screaming Men (2003), a documentary film about a Finnish screaming male choir called Mieskuoro Huutajat, followed by Freetime Machos (2009), a documentary film about a rugby team which is allegedly the most northern and the third lousiest in the world. Screaming Men had its US premiere at Sundance Film Festival in 2004, and Freetime Machos at Tribeca Film Festival in 2010.

Ronkainen's latest documentary film is a musical road movie called Finnish Blood Swedish Heart, also known as Ingen riktig finne in Swedish, and Laulu koti-ikävästä in Finnish. The film has been awarded with several awards including two Jussi Awards (Finnish Oscars) in 2014: Best Documentary and Best Music, and the Dragon Award for Best Nordic Documentary at Göteborg Film Festival in 2013. Ronkainen adapted the documentary as a theatre play, which had its premiere at Oulu City Theatre in 2016.

Fiction
Ronkainen's first TV series, All the Sins, a crime-drama that's set in Northern Finland, three seasons of which were released between 2019-2023. Ronkainen directed and co-wrote the series. In January 2019, All the Sins was awarded with Nordisk Film & TV Fond Prize at Gothenburg Film Festival in Sweden "for outstanding writing of a Nordic drama series".

Other
Ronkainen is one of the founders of Air Guitar World Championships which is organized annually in his hometown Oulu, Finland.

TV series

 * All the Sins Seasons 1-3 (2019-23)

Documentaries

 * Finnish Blood Swedish Heart (2013)
 * Freetime Machos (2009)
 * Our Summer (2004)
 * Screaming Men (2003)
 * Car Bonus (2001)
 * Before the Flood (2000)
 * The World Will Change Soon (2000)
 * Oulu Burning – A Town That Disappeared (1998)
 * Father's Day (1998)

Concert Film

 * Sentenced – Buried Alive (concert film) (2006)

title: Mika Ronkainen


text:
Abbeydale, Sheffield

Abbeydale is an area in the City of Sheffield, England that follows the valley of the River Sheaf. It covers many districts of Sheffield in the south-west of the city running roughly from Heeley Bridge in the district of Heeley to Dore Road between Beauchief and Totley. It is named for the Abbey that existed at Beauchief from the 12th century to 1537.

Although not the official name of any district, many businesses and institutions in the valley use Abbeydale in their name. These include:

 * The A621 Abbeydale Road, the main road along the valley. Colloquially considered Abbeydale between Sharrow and Millhouses.
 * The Abbeydale Brewery.
 * Abbeydale Picture House, a Grade II listed former cinema on Abbeydale Road.
 * Abbeydale Grange School, in Millhouses.
 * Abbeydale Industrial Hamlet, a former scythe works, now a museum and scheduled monument.
 * Beauchief railway station, which was originally called Beauchief and Abbey Dale railway station
 * Churches Together in Abbeydale.
 * Abbeydale Park in Dore

title: Abbeydale, Sheffield


text:
Pagondas

Pagondas (Παγώνδας), son of Aeolidas, was a Theban general and statesman, who is best known for his command of the Boeotian forces at the Battle of Delium (424 BC) during the Peloponnesian War. His modification of the standard hoplite phalanx and his use of reserve cavalry in that battle constitute what most historians agree is the first recorded use of formal military tactics in human history.

Biographical information
Little is known of Pagondas's life. He is mentioned by Pindar as having been born to a noble Theban family, and we know that he was in his early sixties at Delium. He was evidently a fiery and persuasive speaker, purportedly moving the disparate Boeotian contingents to unify and attack their Athenian enemies through rhetoric alone. Apart from a brief mention by Thucydides, however, there is very little extant information about Pagondas or his life. He seems to have appeared and abruptly disappeared solely for the Battle of Delium.

Delium
At the battle, the Boeotians faced off against a group of Athenians led by Hippocrates. The Boeotians charged down a hill at the Athenian army, while the Athenians, having been surprised by their sudden appearance, got themselves together and charged up the hill. On the Boeotian left were men from the town of Thespiae. On their right, Pagondas had placed his own Thebans. Remarkably though, he chose to stack his Thebans twenty-five shields deep, rather than the standard eight, to give them more pushing-power and punch. This marks the first recorded instance of any Greek general ever changing the standard depth of a hoplite unit.

This novel technique worked wonders, as the Thebans rapidly broke through the Athenian left, and moved to encircle the rest of the Athenian army. However, the Thespians on the Boeotian left were up against the Athenians' crack troops, and were themselves quickly overwhelmed, surrounded, and killed almost to a man. Sensing that his victorious Thebans could not outflank the enemy before the Athenian right broke into his rear, Pagondas chose to do something utterly unprecedented in the annals of Greek warfare. He called in a reserve force (the mere creation of which was itself unprecedented) of several hundred cavaliers to support the now decimated Thespians. The Athenians on the right were stunned by this—so much so that they apparently fell into a confusion and turned tail. This was perhaps fortunate for Pagondas's cavaliers, as Greek cavalry, made up of light-armed aristocrats without saddles or stirrups, was no match for a company of hoplites. Nevertheless, the use of the cavalry reserve broke the Athenian right and, because the Thebans had by now moved into the Athenian rear, caused a general Athenian rout.

Pagondas's victory at Delium helped guarantee Boeotian security, and prevented further Athenian incursions into their territory for the remainder of the Peloponnesian War.

After effects
Pagondas's theretofore unseen employment of tactics in combat set the stage for his fellow Theban Epaminondas's brilliant command at Leuctra (371 BC), considered one of the most astounding tactical victories in the history of warfare. How much Epaminondas learned directly from Pagondas and Delium is lost to history - he was not yet born when the battle was fought, and given Pagondas's age at the battle of Delium it is unlikely the two ever met. Visually, the similarity of their tactics suggests a link, but the 53 year interval raises the question as to whether the use of a deeper phalanx became a staple of Theban tactical lore or had to be reinvented by Epaminondas, perhaps after reading an account of the battle? Furthermore, the tactic of a deeper phalanx had been used by Pelopidas, a compatriot of Epaminondas, at the Battle of Tegyra four years before the Battle of Leuctra. In turn, Philip of Macedon, who was raised in Boeotia as a hostage, was apparently taught by Epaminondas himself and, after Epaminondas's death, by other Theban generals and was a student of the Peloponnesian War, would go on to develop further the tactical ideas originated by Pagondas. In turn, his legacy would be followed and expanded by his son, Alexander the Great.

Historian Victor Davis Hanson, among others, therefore argues that Pagondas's simple use of cavalry reserves and altered troop formations set the stage for the entire military history of the West, and, by extension, the world.

title: Pagondas