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Talk:Rewilding (disambiguation)

Re Pleistocene Rewilding I think, given the amount of press and debate it is generating since the article in NATURE, that Pleistocene Rewilding should have a seperate entry. The two different definitions of "rewilding" here have little in common.

green anarchism and anarcho-primitivism,
I'm concerned about the promenance given to green anarchism and anarcho-primitivism. Looking at the groups concerned with The Wildlands Network Advisory Group we have people from I don't think these would be happy with the term anarcho-primitivism. --Salix alba (talk) 17:51, 25 March 2006 (UTC)
 * English Nature a Government agency
 * Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality, Department of Knowledge, Holland.
 * John Muir Trust a scotish charity

Proposed Split
This enry is really two separate articles. The pleistocene rewilding definition could be much more detailed. It looks like a split has been proposed before, are there any objections?--Margareta 16:21, 18 June 2007 (UTC)

Split
I agree, these two topics should definitely be split, but I don't know how to do that. Can someone else take up this project? Martha p 23:45, 31 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Yeah, I'm gonna remove the paragraph about Pleistocene Rewilding, and add a "see also" link to it. Murderbike 07:33, 14 September 2007 (UTC)

Greetings tenders of this entry. We would like to see the Rewilding definition be credited to its first published source, and linked to the contents of the original essay using that name. Can someone help make this seamless and agreeable? The term “rewilding” has been used by diverse writers and even adopted by a wildlife conservation organization, but was coined by Animá Center’s Jesse Wolf Hardin in 1976, and first saw print in 1986 in an early issue of the short lived Earth First! Green Anarcho periodical Live Wild or Die! Because of attribution to Hardin, he was assigned to write the Rewilding entry on page 1383, Vol. 2 of The Encyclopedia of Religion & Nature (Thoemmes Continuum, 2005). We will try to add this information and a link to the essay, if we don't hear from anyone. We can be reached at mail@animacenter.org. Note in terms of how this term is categorized on Wiki, that Hardin was and is not an anarchist (reference articles on deep ecology and anarchism he wrote for Anarchy magazine), although relating to many green anarchy precepts. He is more akin to a deep ecologist and neoprimitivist, having founded a unique system of personal responsibility and connection to nature. See: www.animacenter.org, and the history of his project as well as the serialized Rewilding essay are found under the history section at www.animacenter.org/blog  Thank you, Kiva Rose  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.104.178.82 (talk) 22:02, 1 October 2008 (UTC)

there will probably never be real (secondary) sources for this.
Just saying.P4k (talk) 00:48, 11 January 2008 (UTC)

Proposed split
From what i am reading at this talk page, i believe most users agree that this particular page should be splitted. The pleistocene rewilding section could be much more detailed, and thus i will create a new page entirely for pleistocene rewilding alone. This page will then be converted into Rewilding(biological), and i have enough information and references on my hands to create a detailed page on Rewilding(biological) alone including information of who coined the word, which project was being described by the word etc etc.

If anyone disagree with what i am proposing, please say so. I am going to begin doing what i am proposing here in a few days time.

Thank you for reading. China's Tiger (talk) 18:46, 10 December 2008 (UTC) 2:45am(GMT+8), October 11th,08

 * Hi – two points:
 * Please explain exactly what you are proposing: what would the two articles be called, and what would each contain?
 * How does this split relate to the existing article Pleistocene Rewilding?
 * Richard New Forest (talk) 19:05, 10 December 2008 (UTC)

Hey there, as i've mentioned earlier, a new article would be created and called "Pleistocene Rewilding" and information here regarding pleistocene rewilding would be moved there. And the next article would be just plain "Rewilding" but actually stands for Rewilding in terms of Conservation biology and i will add more info regarding the steps and process of Rewilding(conservation biology) and even the person who coined it, and which conservation project has been described by this process etc etc.

The split is related to this article because this article is currently called "Rewilding" and when u search "rewilding", it redirects here. But this current "rewilding" article can be more detailed and specific and can be splitted into "pleistocene rewilding" and "Rewilding(conservation biology)". is this clear enough?

China's Tiger (talk) 13:09, 11 December 2008 (UTC) 21:22(GMT +8), December 11th 2008

 * Sorry, not really. There is already an existing article called Pleistocene Rewilding – why not just move relevant material there?  Secondly, what would the article Rewilding (conservation biology) contain, and how would it be different from Pleistocene rewilding?  Thirdly, where would the material about green anarchy etc go?  Richard New Forest (talk) 14:44, 11 December 2008 (UTC)

I apologise for not being clear. I noticed that i made some errors in my previous comment, so please ignore my above comments and below is my elaboration.

Relevant materials will be moved to the Pleistocene Rewilding, and i will create a new page on Rewilding(green-anarchy) and will move the relevant information from this page there. The difference between Rewilding(conservation biology) and Pleistocene Rewilding is that Pleistocene Rewilding is only focused on the reintroduction of Megafauna back into South, Central, North America and Europe, and Pleistocene Rewilding is actually not rewilding but a relocation project. However Rewilding(conservation biology) is a broader topic, which consist of many rewilding project such as the Save China's Tigers project, Pilanesberg Lion rewilding project, Cheetah reintroduction project, Bily Arjan Sigh's tigress rewilding etc. And Gus Van Dyk is the person who first coined the word "Rewilding" to describe the process of rehabilitation of captive animals back into the wild. And even in Rewilding(conservation biology), there are differences between rewilding herbivores and carnivores which can be elaborated, while Pleistocene Rewilding focus only on Megafaunas. The Rewilding(conservation biology) process also contain some main steps that can be elaborated.

So in other words, let me summarise what i am going to do, i am actually going to split Rewilding(conservation biology) and Rewilding(green-anarchy), and elaborate the page on Rewilding(conservation biology).

China's Tiger (talk) 16:42, 11 December 2008 (UTC) 00:40(GMT+8), December 12th 2008

 * Thank you – that's much clearer, and all looks fine to me. One minor thing: the new names each need a space before the brackets: Rewilding (conservation biology) etc.   Richard New Forest (talk) 22:27, 11 December 2008 (UTC)

 * Thanks for your approval, Richard New Forest. Don't worry, i know what to do with the names of the new article, thanks again. I will start the editing as soon as tommorow, thank you once again for your approval.

China's Tiger (talk) 09:01, 12 December 2008 (UTC) 17:55(GMT +8) December 12th 2008

 * Not really my approval you need – I'm just another editor. However, there don't seem to be any nay-sayers, so why not go ahead?  Richard New Forest (talk) 10:50, 12 December 2008 (UTC)

Rewilding Conservation Biology
I have removed materials about Rewilding(Green Anarchism) to a whole new article "Rewilding Green anarchism". As for this page, it will be Rewilding( Conservation Biology ) page, and i will start editing and adding information tommorow, so please for now do not undo anything I just did because i will be sure to add in new information.

Anyway, i might need help in creating a disambiguation page, is there anyone who can offer some help? Please give me a reply here, thanks.

China's Tiger (talk) 18:23, 13 December 2008 (UTC) 2:23am(GMT +8) December 14th, 2008

 * "Rewilding Green anarchism" does not exist. At the least, it should be Rewilding (Green anarchism). Murderbike (talk) 21:35, 13 December 2008 (UTC)

Yes, i do know that, and i do not really know how to change the title of an article, but i have added "Page Redirect" at the Rewilding ( Green anarchism ) article and redirect readers to the wrongly titled Rewilding Green anarchism article.

Sorry for the inconvenience caused.

China's Tiger (talk) 03:52, 14 December 2008 (UTC) 11:51am(GMT +8) December 15th, 2008

Ok, i have just edited and added many new information on this page and i will be back to add more information in the next few days. China's Tiger (talk) 10:08, 14 December 2008 (UTC)

Lost its way
The changes that have been brought about here are unsatisfactory since they arbitrarily restrict the meaning of rewilding to one example that few people would necessarily consider to be of prime importance – the rehabilitation of captive animals. In many rewildings, it is a reintroduction of animals taken from the wild and translocated – such as the imminent beaver reintroduction in Scotland. Rewilding can also be a process of regenerating native vegetation, often initiated by removal of herbivore pressure, such as from livestock, and regenerating woodland would be a good example. Too much emphasis is given to Pleistocene rewilding both here and on its own page when the intention of the originators of the American concept was to shake up a moribund conservation ideology rather than have it seen as a panacea, and Zimov's Siberian project is more about landscape regeneration. The separation of Rewilding Anarchism is also arbitrary when it takes with it external links, like my own website and others, that are not necessarily related to personal human rewilding, but about rewilding landscapes with both animals and vegetation eg Self-willed land, Wildland Network and The Rewilding Institute. I don’t think Dave Foreman of the TRI would necessarily appreciate this, and as the author of Self-willed land and a member of the co-ordinating group of the Wildland Network, I would say that I am pretty underwhelmed. I have made this point also on the Rewilding Anarchism page. I would suggest that this arbitrary redefinition of rewilding given here as being only applicable in circumstances where animals bred in captivity are rewilded before release would puzzle many people if they were then to read what Dave Foreman regards as rewilding, or my own website. Moreover, I have actually come recently to appreciate the increasing validity of the rewilding of people (Urban Scout is a good example), and it would seem in keeping with the thoughts of Aldo Leopold that in rewilding, we consider ALL the members of the land community - people, plants and animals. I leave it to others to consider a re-edit here, but these recent changes are a backward step and will only lead to people being misinformed.--Self willed (talk) 18:42, 28 December 2008 (UTC)

Rewilding is an Agenda 21 issue The true believers talk about rewilding most of the American continent after forcing the greatly reduced population into urban areas.....How they plan on reducing the population is extremely unpleasant .... however the present population numbers are ""unsustainable"" and must be ""reduced"" in their Orwellian truefact language... I wonder if the true believers will be willing to be the first to be ""reduced""Lewishb (talk) 21:31, 27 January 2013 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Rewilding (conservation biology) which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 14:21, 4 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Rewilding (disambiguation)


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Hillesheim

Hillesheim is the third largest town in the Vulkaneifel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It was the seat of the former Verbandsgemeinde Hillesheim.

Location
The town lies almost in the middle, halfway between Cologne and Trier (70 km from the former and 60 km from the latter, as the crow flies), and only 30 km from the Belgian border. Hillesheim lies in the Vulkaneifel, a part of the Eifel known for its volcanic history, geographical and geological features, and even ongoing activity today, including gases that sometimes well up from the earth.

Constituent communities
Hillesheim's outlying Stadtteile are Niederbettingen and Bolsdorf.

History
Hillesheim is an old market town in the heart of the Eifel dating back more than a thousand years.

On 17 March 1974, the until then self-administering municipalities of Niederbettingen and Bolsdorf were amalgamated with Hillesheim. On 24 October 1993, Hillesheim was granted town rights.

Town council
The council is made up of 20 council members, who were elected by proportional representation at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman.

The municipal election held on 7 June 2009 yielded the following results:

Coat of arms
The German blazon reads: Schild durch eine geschweifte Spitze dreigeteilt; vorn in Silber ein rotes Kreuz, hinten in Gold eine schwarze Wolfsangel, unten in Blau über goldenem Halbmond eine silberne Madonna mit Kind, je mit goldenem Nimbus.

The town's arms can in English heraldic language be described thus: Tierced in mantle, dexter Argent a cross Gules, sinister Or a cramp Sable and in base Azure standing on a crescent of the third the Madonna and Child of the first, both with nimbus of the third, ensigning the shield a wall masoned, embattled of five and embowed with an arched gateway of the first.

Hillesheim was from 1352 to 1794 the northernmost outpost of the Archbishopric of Trier. This was made clear to all in that time by the town walls, which were particularly imposing for the Eifel. This small town grew with the building of the town walls in the 13th century into a regionally influential town. Marking this is the so-called Mauerkrone – "wall crown" – on top of ("ensigning") the escutcheon (although curiously, the German blazon does not mention this part of the arms).

The cross on the dexter (armsbearer's right, viewer's left) side is the Electoral-Trier armorial bearing, referring to that state's rule over the town in feudal times. The "cramp", as it is called in English heraldry, or Wolfsangel as it is known in German heraldry, seen on the sinister (armsbearer's left, viewer's right) side, is a charge seen in several coats of arms borne by a particular Hillesheim family, some of whom functioned as Schöffen (roughly "lay jurists"). The Madonna in the base was already to be found in the old town seal from 1306, reappearing on Schöffen seals in the 14th and 15th centuries. These Madonna seals were in use until the late 18th century, and thus the Madonna was always closely bound to the townsfolk.

Culture and sightseeing
The town is one of the few European Model Towns and its renovation works are therefore subsidized by the town's urban development promotion programme. There is a mediaeval town centre partly surrounded by a town wall and with a church worth seeing for its Baroque organ from 1772, built by the famous Stumm family, annually attracting talented international organists. Hillesheim's municipal area is almost round. From the historical town centre, the town broadened out in all directions, growing from its location in the valley through new building developments up to the surrounding slopes.

Main town

 * Antoniuskapelle (chapel), Koblenzer Straße, plaster building, apparently from 1735.
 * Saint Martin's Catholic Parish Church, Graf-Mirbach-Platz 14, Classicist aisleless church, 1851–1852.
 * Town fortifications, south side, eastern and western parts of the crenellated girding wall built about 1300 and raised in the early 16th century.
 * Across the street from Am Alten Born 1 – wayside cross, sandstone shaft cross, latter half of 18th or early 19th century.
 * Am Markt 14 – three-floor Late Historicist hotel building with elaborate façade, about 1900.
 * Am Stockberg, graveyard, Father Pfriem's Gothic Revival tomb, about 1904, Baroque wayside cross, red sandstone, from 1814 (?).
 * At Augustinerstraße 2 – wayside cross, sandstone beam cross, from 1731.
 * Augustinerstraße 2 – former Augustinian hermit monastery, three-winged complex, 1721, now a hotel.
 * Bachstraße 5 – house/inn, Late Classicist plaster building, apparently from 1886.
 * Bahnhofstraße 3 – former railway station, reception building and goods shed, Reform architecture, about 1912.
 * Burgstraße 12 – solid structure with timber-frame gable, Late Gothic window skirting, hall kitchen (?), possibly essentially 16th century.
 * Grabenstraße/corner of Neutorstraße – sandstone Crucifixion Bildstock, from 1650 or 1656.
 * Graf-Mirbach-Platz 17 – representative Late Historicist shop-house, about 1900.
 * Near in Buch 6 – sandstone Crucifixion Bildstock, from 1624.
 * Kölner Straße 10 – former Amt court, Gothic Revival, apparently from 1868/1878, expanded at the back.
 * Königsberger Straße/corner of Prümer Straße – wayside cross shaft from 1624 and 1778.
 * Near Lammersdorferstraße 15 – sandstone Bildstock from 1613.
 * Schützenweg 1 – former tannery from 1826.
 * Wallstraße 6 – two-floor solid structure with roof with half-hipped gables, about 1910.
 * Former Oberbettingen-Hillesheim railway station, no number, built to standard plans, separate side building, about 1871.
 * Former mill (?), Alter Bahnhof 1, three-floor plaster building
 * Wayside cross, east of town on the road to Walsdorf, sandstone shaft cross from 1681 (? – last digit in inscription unclear), finial cross and pedestal new.
 * Wayside crosses, southwest of town on the road to Oberbettingen, so-called Ablasskreuz ("Indulgence Cross") from the 16th century, sandstone pedestal cross from 1870, pedestal cross from 1949.

Bolsdorf

 * Saint Margaret's Catholic Church (branch church), Margarethenstraße 3, triaxial aisleless church from the 17th century, expanded in 1887, quire and west tower from 1704, forsaken churchyard, quarrystone wall around complex.
 * Across the street from Im Auel 4 – commercial building (former mill?), one-floor quarrystone building, possibly from earlier half of the 18th century or earlier.
 * Im Auel 5 – two-floor dwelling and commercial building from the 19th century, trussing in the barn from 1672.
 * Margarethenstraße 4 – house from the 18th century, oven porch.
 * Graveyard, north of the village, Gothic Revival pillar cross from 1869.

Niederbettingen

 * Heart of Jesus Catholic Parish Church (Pfarrkirche Herz-Jesu), Mühlenweg 3, Late Romanesque Revival basilica, 1897, architect Adam Rüppel, Bonn; churchyard with retaining wall, shaft cross from 1697, finial cross from 1698, Late Gothic door skirting, whole complex.
 * Village fortifications, remnant of the former moated castle's girding wall from the High Middle Ages.
 * At Burgring 7 – timber-frame barn, partly of quarrystone, possibly from the 18th century.
 * Gartenweg 1 – estate complex, Baroque house about 1780 or 1790, stable from 1829, barn possibly from the same time.
 * Gartenweg/corner of Burgring – wayside cross, shaft cross from 1660.
 * Near Hauptstraße 23 – wayside cross, Rococo shaft cross from, once thought to be from 1709, but more likely later.
 * Mühlenweg 4 – former mill (?), stately building with roof with half-hipped gables, about 1800.
 * Wayside cross, south of the village in the woods near town limits, shaft cross from 1693.
 * Wayside cross, northwest of the village on the old road to Oberbettingen, shaft cross from 1666.
 * Wayside cross, southwest of and above the village in a meadow, sandstone shaft cross from the 18th century.

Economy and infrastructure
For a rural middle centre, Hillesheim has good infrastructure at its disposal with three schools, two sport halls, one tennis hall, one indoor swimming pool, a cinema, several supermarkets and filling stations and a building centre.

Rail
Oberbettingen-Hillesheim railway station lies on the Eifelbahn (Cologne–Euskirchen–Gerolstein–Trier), which is served by the following local passenger services:
 * the Eifel-Express (Cologne–Euskirchen–Gerolstein with connection to Trier);
 * the Eifel-Bahn (Cologne–Euskirchen–Kall, and at peak times on to Gerolstein).

For all local public transport, three tariff systems apply: the Verkehrsverbund Region Trier (VRT), the Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Sieg, and for journeys crossing tariff zones, the NRW-Tarif.

Road
The resident population is hoping that the gap in the A 1 between Daun-Rengen and Blankenheim in North Rhine-Westphalia will be filled, as all traffic currently rolls through Hillesheim, thereby causing very busy road conditions, especially on Fridays. On the other hand, this does conflict with local retailers' interests, for they have been profiting from spontaneous purchases made by those passing through town for a long time.

Established businesses
Hillesheim is headquarters to the KBV-Verlag (publishing house).

Tourism
The town of Hillesheim is a tourist destination, above all for visitors from North Rhine-Westphalia and the Netherlands.

Besides the mediaeval town centre with its church, foremost among sights worth seeing is the "Bolsdorfer Tälchen" recreational area, where a lake, hiking loops, leisure activities and pubs on the town's outskirts invite visitors.

The network of paths in the "Bolsdorfer Tälchen" is also a direct link to the Kylltal Cycle Path, which leads more than 115 km from the Kronenburg reservoir to the Kyll's mouth on the Moselle in Trier-Ehrang. Hillesheim is a "station" on the Eifel-Krimi-Wanderweg ("Eifel Crime Fiction Hiking Trail"), which is based on books by crime fiction authors Jacques Berndorf and Ralf Kramp.

The Geopfad Hillesheim, at 30 stations in the town's vicinity, casts light on the Eifel's geology and on the evidence of vulcanism in the Vulkaneifel.

Administration
In Hillesheim is the administrative seat of the Verbandsgemeinde of Hillesheim, which by population is the district's second smallest Verbandsgemeinde, after the Verbandsgemeinde of Kelberg.

Education
In Hillesheim are two kindergartens, one primary school, one Hauptschule and one Realschule. The folk high school is run on a volunteer basis by the KEB Bildungswerk Hillesheim - Katholische Erwachsenenbildung.

Social services
There are a home for the aged and St.-Josefs-Haus, where assisted living is available.

Notable people

 * Maria Mies (1931–2023), professor of sociology
 * Annelie Runge (1943–   ), film producer, screenplay writer and journalist
 * Stefan Drößler (1961–   ), film historian, museum director and film restorer

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Hillesheim


text:
User:Emperorsith

About Me
Hi! I'm 17 and I joined up with Wikipedia a while ago. As you can probably guess by my name, I really like Star Wars. I'm also a big fan of Aston Villa Football Club. I know quite a lot about football (soccer) especially English football and International football. I also know a lot about the Star Wars movies and the expanded universe. I'm also quite knowledgable on pro-wrestling (being a former WWE fan) and other useless info.

My Contributions
I haven't contributed a lot to Wikipedia but I've created a few articles about the minor actors/actresses from the Star Wars films. And I've also contributed to the FA Premier League pages and the WWE Undisputed Championship page.

title: User:Emperorsith


text:
User talk:TheBadge

A welcome from Sango123
Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions; I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We're glad to have you in our community! Here are a few good links for newcomers:

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I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Though we all make goofy mistakes, here is what Wikipedia is not. If you have any questions or concerns, don't hesitate to see the help pages or add a question to the village pump. The Community Portal can also be very useful.

Happy Wiki-ing!

-- Sango  123  11:36, August 21, 2005 (UTC)

P.S. Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you need help with anything or simply wish to say hello. :)

 * No problem! Zoe just accidentally left a message in my welcome template. Good luck,  Sango  123  12:35, August 21, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:TheBadge


text:
User:FG42~enwiki

rawr i like dinosaurs

title: User:FG42~enwiki


text:
Tony Caig

Antony Caig (born 11 April 1974) is an English football coach and former player, who played as a goalkeeper. He is currently the Head of Academy Goalkeeping for Premier League Club Newcastle United.

Playing career
Caig made his name playing for Carlisle United from 1990 to 1998, some highlights of this time being the penalty saves in the Football League Trophy at Wembley against Colchester United in 1997 and winning the 3rd division championship in 94/95 setting a then clean sheet record. However, in 1998 he was controversially allowed to leave by club owner Michael Knighton before the end-season transfer deadline. He had made 244 league and 40 cup appearances for the club. Caig's departure left Carlisle United without a permanent goalkeeper, circumstances which led to a famous goal by on-loan goalkeeper Jimmy Glass saving the club from relegation.

He then joined Blackpool on 25 March 1999 for a reported small fee of £40,000; he was able to establish himself as a regular in the first team, and won a place in the Carling Opta Division Two "Team of the Week" in October 1999. He made 49 league appearances and 12 cup appearances in his two-year stint at Bloomfield Road, during which time he was sent on loan to Charlton Athletic, before signing for them permanently in 2001. However, he was to make just one Premier League appearance for them against Derby County before moving to Scotland later that same year to join Scottish Premier League (SPL) club Hibernian. Although not a regular starter and made 16 appearances in 18 months at the club.

In January 2003 Caig moved back to England and joined Premier League club Newcastle United. However, he spent three years at St James' Park without making a first team appearance, being backup to longtime goalkeepers Shay Given and Steve Harper. He spent a short loan spell at Barnsley and in 2006 he signed for USL First Division club, Vancouver Whitecaps in Canada on 13 April 2006. He made his first appearance for them on 14 May 2006. With the Whitecaps he won the 2006 USL First Division Championship, when they beat Rochester Raging Rhinos 2–0 in the Play-offs Final. He also kept eleven clean sheets, and in doing so broke Mike Franks' record of ten clean sheets in 2003.

On 20 June 2007, the Whitecaps announced that Caig would be returning to England for personal reasons despite having signed with the Whitecaps through the end of the season. He had played a total of 39 games for the Whitecaps. He signed on amateur terms with SPL club Gretna in October 2007 after a long running transfer saga. The SPL had initially objected to Gretna signing Caig because he had still been under contract with Vancouver at the closure of the summer 2007 transfer window. Caig played nine times for Gretna in the league and cup in a short spell and also served as a goalkeeping coach.

He then moved to Houston Dynamo in January 2008, where he was to serve as cover to Pat Onstad. He made his Dynamo debut on 6 April 2008 as a substitute after Onstad was injured. Due to Onstad's injury, Caig played again on 9 April in the 2008 CONCACAF Champions' Cup semi-final 2nd leg against Costa Rican club Deportivo Saprissa, Caig then played other MLS and Concacaf Champions league games before returning to the UK at the end of that MLS season. On returning to England he signed for Chesterfield on a short-term deal. After leaving Chesterfield, Caig signed a deal to join Workington A.F.C. in the Conference North to team up with former Carlisle teammate Darren Edmondson, now the manager of Workington.

Coaching
Caig started coaching Carlisle United's goalkeepers while still playing for Workington where he won the Non-League Goalkeeper of the Year award for 2009–10 and also the Reds Player of the Year award and National supporters award in helping Workington to a fourth-place finish. Carlisle then entered negotiations with Workington to allow Caig to combine his coaching duties with serving as an understudy to current first choice goalkeeper Adam Collin. During the 2014–15 season he was, alongside Paul Thirlwell, made caretaker manager for four games following the dismissal of Graham Kavanagh as manager. After an injury to first choice goalkeeper Mark Gillespie in September 2014, Caig was re-registered as a player to provide cover for backup goalkeeper Dan Hanford. He was allocated the number 29 shirt.

In June 2015 Caig signed for Hartlepool United as a goalkeeping coach, the same role he held at Carlisle United. He left Hartlepool United in January 2017 due to a change of management and took a role at Newcastle United Academy coaching the 12-16 goalkeepers, then in June 2017 left Newcastle and became Bury head goalkeeping coach, assisting Lee Clark and Alan Thompson. Caig's contract was terminated once Bury were expelled from the English Football League, he then took up a position as a goalkeeping coach of Scottish Premiership club Livingston. On 26 November 2020, Caig and David Martindale became co-caretaker managers of Livingston following Gary Holt’s resignation. He initially stayed with the club after Martindale was appointed manager on a permanent basis, but left Livingston in May 2021 to focus on coaching work with the Scottish Football Association.

Caig briefly joined Scottish League One club Falkirk as part-time goalkeeping coach in June 2021, before taking a similar position on a full-time basis at Premiership level with Dundee United the following month.

Honours
Carlisle United
 * Football League Third Division: 1994–95; promotion: 1996–97
 * Football League Trophy: 1996–97, 2010–11; runner-up: 1994–95

Vancouver Whitecaps
 * USL First Division: 2006

Individual
 * PFA Team of the Year: 1996–97 Third Division
 * National Conference Keeper of the Year 2009–10

title: Tony Caig


text:
Battle of Verneuil

The Battle of Verneuil was a battle of the Hundred Years' War, fought on 17 August 1424 near Verneuil-sur-Avre in Normandy between an English army and a combined Franco-Scottish force, augmented by Milanese heavy cavalry. The battle was a significant English victory, and was described by them as a second Agincourt.

The battle started with a short archery exchange between English longbowmen and Scottish archers, after which the force of 2,000 Milanese heavy cavalry charged the English, brushed aside an ineffective English arrow barrage and wooden archer's stakes, penetrated the formation of English men-at-arms and routed one wing of their longbowmen. The Milanese pursued the fleeing English off the field and went on to capture and loot the English baggage train. Meanwhile, the well-armoured English and Franco-Scottish men-at-arms clashed on foot in a ferocious hand-to-hand melee that went on for about 45 minutes. Many of the English longbowmen rallied and joined the struggle. The French men-at-arms eventually routed, leaving the Scots alone in a last stand where they received no quarter from the English. The Milanese cavalry returned to the field at the end of the battle but fled upon discovering the fate of the Franco-Scottish force.

Altogether some 6,000 French and Scottish were killed and 200 taken prisoner. The Burgundian chronicler Jean de Wavrin, who fought in the battle, estimated 1,600 English killed, although the English commander, John, Duke of Bedford, claimed to have lost only two men-at-arms and "a very few archers". The Scots army, led by the earls of Douglas and Buchan (both of whom were killed in the battle), was almost destroyed. Many French nobles were taken prisoner, among them the Duke of Alençon and the Marshal de La Fayette. After Verneuil, the English were able to consolidate their position in Normandy. The Army of Scotland as a distinct unit ceased to play a significant part in the Hundred Years' War, although many Scots remained in French service.

Background
In 1424, France was still recovering from the 1415 disaster at Agincourt, and the northern provinces were in the hands of the English following Henry V's conquest of Normandy. The Dauphin (heir to the French throne) Charles had been disinherited due to the 1420 Treaty of Troyes and, upon the death of his father Charles VI in October 1422, his status as King of France was recognised only in the regions still not occupied by the English, namely the south of the country (less the province of Guyenne in the southwest). The civil war between the pro-Dauphin Armagnacs and the pro-English Burgundians showed no sign of ending.

The death of Henry V in August 1422, two months before that of Charles VI, brought no relief to the French, as the continuing English war effort was managed by Henry's brother Bedford, acting for the nine-month-old Henry VI. The Dauphin desperately needed soldiers, and looked to Scotland, France's old ally, to provide essential military aid.

Army of Scotland
The first large contingent of Scots troops came to France in the autumn of 1419, some 6,000 men under the command of John Stewart, Earl of Buchan. These men, strengthened from time to time by fresh volunteers, soon became an integral part of the French war effort, and by the summer of 1420 the "Army of Scotland" was a distinct force in the French royal service. They proved their worth the following year, playing a large part in the victory at the Battle of Baugé, the first serious setback experienced by the English. The mood of optimism this engendered collapsed in 1423, when many of Buchan's men fell at the Battle of Cravant.

At the beginning of 1424, Buchan brought with him a further 6,500 men. He was accompanied by Archibald, Earl of Douglas, one of the most powerful noblemen of Scotland. On 24 April, the army, comprising 2,500 men-at-arms and 4,000 archers, entered Bourges, the Dauphin's headquarters, helping to raise Charles' spirits. A body of 2,000 heavy cavalry was hired from Filippo Maria Visconti, the Duke of Milan, after a treaty of alliance on 17 February. These men-at-arms were led by the Frenchman le Borgne-Caqueran and clad in complete suits of tempered steel plate armour, and rode barded horses. A smaller Milanese cavalry force had been decisive against the Burgundians at La Buissière in September 1423.

The victory at La Buissière and an English defeat by the French under the Count of Aumale at the Battle of La Brossinière on 26 September 1423 improved the Dauphin's strategic situation. The outflanking and destruction of a body of English longbowmen at La Brossinière convinced the French that it would be possible to destroy a large English army in a decisive battle. A plan was devised – the main English army would be sought out and crushed, after which Charles VII would be crowned as king in Reims.

Army of France
The French army was under the command of the Count of Aumale, a French commander who had defeated the English at La Brossiniere and the Burgundians at Le Buissiere. He was accompanied by the Viscount of Narbonne, and their army joined with the Scots under the Earl of Buchan. Thus reinforced, the Franco-Scottish army was confident it could fight the English and yet again secure a great victory as at Baugé.

Prelude
In the summer of 1424 the English army, under the command of Bedford and the experienced Earl of Salisbury, laid siege to the French stronghold of Ivry, 42 km (26 miles) northeast of Verneuil.

The Franco-Scottish army made ready to march to Ivry and lift the siege of the castle, and Buchan left Tours on 4 August to meet with Aumale and Narbonne. But before the army could reach the castle, it surrendered to the English. Uncertain what to do, the allied commanders held a council of war. The Scots and some of the younger French noblemen were eager for battle, but Narbonne and the senior nobility had not forgotten Agincourt and were reluctant to take the risk. As a compromise it was agreed to attack the English strongholds on the Norman border, beginning with Verneuil in the west. The town was taken by a simple ruse: A group of Scots, leading some of their fellow countrymen as prisoners, pretended to be English, and claimed that Bedford had defeated the allies in battle, whereupon the gates were opened.

On 15 August, Bedford received news that Verneuil was in French hands and he and his army marched there as quickly as they could. As he neared the town two days later, the Scots persuaded their French comrades to give battle. Douglas is said to have received a message from Bedford that he had come to drink with him and prayed for an early meeting. He replied that having failed to find the duke in England he had come to seek him in France.

On 16 August, Bedford dismissed the Burgundian commander L’Isle Adam and his 1000-2000 man contingent sending them back to the siege at Nesle in Picardy. Bedford depriving his army of so many men just prior to battle has been a confusing decision for historians to explain, though some cite a growing lack of trust between the English and Burgundians.

Dispositions
The Franco-Scottish army deployed a mile north of Verneuil on an open plain astride the road leading out of the forest of Piseux. The flat fields had been chosen to give the greatest advantage to the Milanese cavalry, where they could be employed to their full potential against the enemy archers. The mounted Milanese men-at-arms under Caqueran drew up in front of the dismounted Franco-Scottish men-at-arms, who were formed into one battle. Narbonne's Spanish mercenary men-at-arms and most of the French were situated on the left of the road, while Douglas and Buchan were on the right. Aumale was given overall command, but this heterogeneous army defied all attempts at coordinated direction.

On emerging from the forest, Bedford likewise put his men in a single battle, to match the disposition of the enemy, with the usual distribution of men-at-arms in the centre and archers on the wings and in front, with sharpened stakes ahead of them. Bedford placed a lightly-armoured rearguard of 500–2,000 men, some mounted, to protect the baggage train and the horses. Some 8,500 horses were tethered together to link the main army to the baggage wagons as a precaution against encirclement.

Both sides wanted the other to take the initiative in beginning the battle, and so, from dawn to about 4:00 pm, the two armies stood facing each other under the blazing sun. Bedford is also said to have sent a herald to Douglas once both armies had been deployed to ask what terms for battle he required, to which Douglas grimly replied that the Scots would neither give nor receive any quarter.

Milanese attack
At about 4 pm, Bedford ordered his men to advance. The English soldiers shouted "St. George! Bedford!" as they slowly began to cross the field. A short archery duel between English and Scottish archers took place, with inconclusive results. At the same time, as if by some pre-arranged signal, the 2,000 Milanese mounted men-at-arms charged the English front line. They brushed aside the English wooden stakes that could not be secured in ground baked hard by the summer sun. English arrows proved ineffective against the Italian mercenaries' superior armor. The shock effect of the Milanese charge terrified the English, with men-at-arms and archers knocked over, and gaps torn in the English ranks as they tried to avoid the onrushing horsemen and others throwing themselves to the ground and being ridden over by the cavalry. The Milanese rode through the entire English formation, dispersing the longbowmen on the English right.

Many of the English panicked in the face of the Milanese charge, and a Captain Young was afterwards found guilty of cowardice for retreating with the 500 men under his command without orders, considering the battle as lost. Young was hanged, drawn and quartered as punishment for his retreat. English mounted troops fled to Conches, where they proclaimed the battle lost to the town's small garrison. At Bernay, more Englishmen announced Bedford's defeat. At Pont-Audemer, news of an English disaster provoked an uprising, with retreating English troops divested of their armour and horses. A series of smaller uprisings in the countryside also took place.

The Milanese pursued the fleeing English and attacked the English baggage train, triggering an instant rout. Some of the English rearguard ran away, fleeing on horseback or foot with the Milanese continuing to either give chase or loot the baggage train.

Men-at-arms clash
After this devastating cavalry charge, Bedford rallied his soldiers, the English men-at-arms showing great discipline and reforming their ranks. Sensing a victory, the French men-at-arms led a confused charge, with Narbonne's men reaching the English before the rest of their comrades. The French disorder was in part a result of the desire to close in fast to avoid English arrows. As the French advanced under Aumale, they shouted "Montjoie! Saint Denis!". Bedford's men-at-arms advanced in good order towards their French opponents, pausing often and giving a shout each time. The men-at-arms under Salisbury were hard-pressed by the Scots. A small force of French heavy cavalry on the right attempted to outflank the English line but were repelled by arrows from the redeployed English left wing of 2,000 longbowmen, who used the lines of tethered horses for cover.

The head-on clash between the superbly armoured English and Franco-Scottish men-at-arms on the field of Verneuil, both of whom had marched on foot into battle, resulted, in the words of the British medievalist Desmond Seward, in "a hand-to-hand combat whose ferocity astounded even contemporaries". Wavrin recalled how "the blood of the dead spread on the field and that of the wounded ran in great streams all over the earth". For about three-quarters of an hour, Frenchmen, Scotsmen and Englishmen stabbed, hacked and cut each other down on the field of Verneuil without either side gaining any advantage in what is often considered to be one of the most fiercely fought battles of the entire war. Bedford himself fought in the battle, wielding a fearsome two-handed poleaxe, leading one veteran to recall: "He reached no one whom he did not fell". Seward noted that Bedford's poleaxe "smashed open an expensive armour like a modern tin can, the body underneath being crushed and mangled before even the blade sank in".

English main attack
Many of the English longbowmen on the right, initially scattered by the Milanese charge, had by now reformed and they, along with the longbowmen on the left who had repelled the French cavalry, joined the battle. The longbowmen joined the main struggle with a great shout that boosted the morale of the English men-at-arms, who began a devastating attack on the French. After some time, the French battle line gave ground before breaking and was chased back to Verneuil, where many, including Aumale, fell into the moat and were drowned. The ditches outside of town were the scene of a merciless killing of the routed French men-at-arms. Narbonne and many other French nobles were killed.

Having defeated the French, Bedford called a halt to the pursuit and returned to the battlefield, where Salisbury was hotly engaged with the Scots, now standing alone. The battle reached its closing stages when Bedford wheeled from the south to take the Scots on the right flank. Now almost surrounded, the Scots made a ferocious last stand but were overwhelmed. The English shouted "A Clarence! A Clarence!" invoking Thomas, Duke of Clarence, Bedford's brother, killed at Baugé. The English killed any Scotsmen standing in their way; some surrendered but were slain, to avenge the death of Clarence. The long-standing enmity between Scotland and England meant no quarter was given, with almost the entire Scots force falling on the battlefield, including Douglas and Buchan. The Milanese cavalry returned to the battle at this point to discover their comrades slaughtered, and were put to flight in their turn after losing 60 men killed. They were pursued by the English until Bedford ordered a halt allowing the Milanese to flee the field.

Aftermath
Dauphin Charles was forced to postpone his plans of coronation at Reims. After Verneuil, the opportunity appeared open to take Bourges and thus bring all of France under English rule. Bedford, inspired by the example of his late brother, Henry V, preferred to concentrate on completing the subjection of Maine and Anjou rather than run the risk of leading an advance into the south of France with these two provinces only partially conquered. Bedford preferred to methodically conquer one province at a time rather than risk all on a bold drive to conquer the south of France in one campaign, which might finally bring all of France under English rule, but which equally might end in disaster.

The consequences of the victory at Verneuil were that the English captured all border posts of Lancastrian Normandy, with the only exception being Mont Saint-Michel, where the monks resisted; La Hire, commanding another French force, withdrew to the east and a French plan to take Rouen by mining was foiled likely due to Bedford's victory.

Casualties
Verneuil was one of the bloodiest battles of the Hundred Years' War, described by the English as a second Agincourt. Verneuil was a huge blow to French morale as for the second time in a decade the pride of French knighthood had met the English bowmen in battle and had been defeated. Altogether some 6,000–8,000 men on the French-allied side were slain. In a letter to Thomas Rempston written two days after the battle, Bedford stated that 7,262 allied troops were killed. Bedford put his losses at two men-at-arms, and "a very few archers". Wavrin, a witness to the battle, estimated 6,000 killed on the French side, 200 captured and 1,600 Anglo-Norman deaths. Douglas fought on the losing side for the last time, joined in death by Buchan. Sir Alexander Buchanan, the man who had killed Clarence at Baugé three years earlier, was also killed.

The Army of Scotland was severely mauled but it was not yet ready to march out of history. It received far fewer reinforcements from Scotland for campaigns against the English in France. This was not entirely unwelcome to the French as one French chronicler, Thomas Basin, wrote that the catastrophe at Verneuil was at least counterbalanced by seeing the end of the Scots "whose insolence was intolerable". Among the prisoners were the Duke of Alençon, Pierre, the bastard of Alençon and Marshal Gilbert Motier de La Fayette. Greatly saddened by the catastrophe at Verneuil, Charles VII continued to honour the survivors, one of whom, John Carmichael of Douglasdale (Jean VI de Saint-Michel), the chaplain of the dead Douglas, was created Bishop of Orléans (1426–1438). Bedford returned in triumph to Paris, where "he was received as if he had been God ... in short, more honour was never done at a Roman triumph than was done that day to him and his wife".

Literature and legacy
The French contemporary chronicles made long details of the reactions of the inhabitants of Paris under Burgundian rule. The Journal d'un bourgeois de Paris and Enguerrand de Monstrelet's chronicles are major sources for this battle. The Chronique de Charles VII, roi de France, by the king's historian Jean Chartier (c. 1390–1464), published by Vallet de Viriville in 1858, corroborated the story of a complete English victory. The French writers bemoaned the loss of life to Charles VII's cause. Richard Ager Newhall's study of warfare in 1924 remains a reliable authority on the battle tactics and events. The Victorian Rev. Stevenson translated a French study into the noble families which suffered so much in the Hundred Years' War, and is often quoted. And similarly, Siméon Luce (1833–1892), a 19th-century French medievalist historian, was transcribing from what remained of original documents in the Bibliothèque nationale de France. These secondary sources are all that are available as many of the original contemporary accounts are lost. The English had the advantage later of Burgundian Jean de Wavrin travelling with the army, but he had little to say on Verneuil.

title: Battle of Verneuil


text:
Talk:Das Schwarze Korps

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Talk:Michael Jeffery

Styles and Titles
I will continue to reject this ridiculous competitive pedantry that inists on cluttering up the opening paragraph of biographical articles with styles, titles, ranks, honours and degrees. These belong in their appropriate place in the article, as is done in every other encyclopaedia. For purposes of comparison, I looked up Lord Salisbury in my three encyclopaedias: the Britannica, Colliers and Funk & Wagnalls. His articles begin: In other words, the correct encyclopaedic style is for full name and peerage title, dates of birth and death and nothing else until the appropriate place in the article. Adam 11:39, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * SALISBURY, THIRD MARQUESS OF (1830-1903), British statesman (Colliers)
 * SALISBURY, Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil, 3d Marquess of (1830-1903), British statesman (Funk & Wagnalls)
 * SALISBURY, ROBERT ARTHUR TALBOT GASCOYNE-CECIL, 3RD MARQUESS OF (1830-1903), British statesman (Britannica).

You are correct in pointing out that mainstream encyclopaedias do indeed reference their entries alphabetically, therefore you should also have noted that Wikipedia is quite different from encyclopaedias. If you believe so strongly in your personal form of referencing on Wiki why don't you change His Excellency's entry to begin "Jeffery, Michael"? Why stop there I ask you? If you look at the entry for the Governor-General of Canada, for example, you will find that the correct form of address is employed there, aswell as in the entry for the Governor-General of New Zealand. User:Toryboy 15:54, 21 August 2005 (GMT)

Toryboy makes a strong point, wiki is not a conventional Encyclopedia and the manner in which electronic and conventional media are dealt with and cited differs vastly so comparing the referencing technique of Britannica with that of wiki is a pointless gesture and just a touch sad to be honest.

I find it rather...pretentious to try to stick an arbitrary distinction of what constitutes a proper encylopedia citation upon this entry, Adam. As others have stated, this is not a "proper" encylopedia, it is a free web reference source updated and self-moderated by its patrons. To disdain a man's proper title while including both military and peerage titles is a horrible disservice both to the man and to others who might be researching him. He has earned his distinctions, and while others may seek to bury a person's accolades into subparagraph 3c or whatnot and so downplay their importance, I would ask you to consider correcting this deception on your article at least.

I never heard such piffle in my life, but since I have a rule not to respond to anonymous comments (talk about disrespect!) I'm not going to argue with you about it. Do as you please. Adam 23:53, 21 August 2005 (UTC)

My prime concern is that if the styles and titles of important people such as Michael Jeffreys are not listed at the beginning of articles, in their full form then they will not be correctly observed.

--Jason Hughes 10:08, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

Since when was it the job of an encyclopaedia to ensure that "styles and titles of important people" are observed? Have we returned to the Middle Ages and I haven't noticed, or what? Adam 12:37, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

I'm sorry, but I think that is a little 'POV'.

Regardless of whether one agrees with the use of such titles and distinctions is besides the point. They are - as a matter of fact - the titular designations of this particular person.

In my opinion orders of chivalry, and office based titles should be adherred to with the same regularity that is showed to academic titles, such as PhDs and Professorships et cetera.

Consider the Major-General is the Governor-General his styles and titles are intrinsically linked to who he is, and what he does.

You clearly dislike the use of titles, Dr.Carr, but please avoid POV regardless of the irresponsible vandalism of others.--Jason Hughes 15:41, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

 * No-one, not even Adam, disputes that Wikipedia should mention Michael Jeffery's style, title, honorifics, etc. The issue here is whether Wikipedia should use his style, title, honorifics, etc.  There is a massive distinction between mentioning and using.  Mentioning is inherently NPOV; using may not be.  A good example, because it is obviously controversial, is the use of "His Holiness" for the Pope.  The fact that the Pope is styled "His Holiness" is an NPOV fact that should be mentioned in Wikipedia.  But to actually refer to the Pope as "His Holiness" may be offensive to persons who do not believe that the Pope is holy.  For this reason Pope Benedict XVI mentions but does not use this style. Hesperian 23:33, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

Quite so. Also (and I'm getting sick of saying this), he is NOT a Major-General. He has RETIRED from the Army. So his correct "style and title" is "Mr". Adam 00:13, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

In Commonwealth countries retired officers over the rank of Captain, ie, Major-General upwards, are permitted to use their relevant military title after retirement as a part of the name - with the qualification [Retired] or [Rtd].

I think the example of the Pope's designation "His Holiness" is not directly comparable to the Governor-General's prefix "His Excellency". Almost uniquely, along with perhaps Ambassadors and Lieutenant-Governors 'His/Her Exellency' is effectively part of the titular designation, indeed that is how it correctly cited, especially considereing the Vice-Regal nature of the office. For example His Royal Highness [HRH] the Prince of Wales, is not correctly listed as just The Prince of Wales or Her Majesty [HM] Queen Elizabeth II of Australia is not just Queen Elizabeth. Therefore I maintain it is "His Excellency [HE], Major General Michael Jefferys"--Jason Hughes 07:04, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Article Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom refers to its subject as Queen Elizabeth II, and mentions that she is styled HM The Queen. Article Charles, Prince of Wales refers to its subject as The Prince Charles, Prince of Wales, and mentions that he is styled HRH The Prince of Wales and in Scotland HRH The Prince Charles, Duke of Rothesay.  If you don't think the Pope is a good comparison, pick either of yours.  My point stands.  Hesperian 23:33, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

I think it's wrong to refer to him as a Major-General, retired or otherwise, notwithstanding the above permission. Because now, as far as the ADF is concerned he is not only a retired officer but also the Commander-in-Chief - which is a much higher office. Grassynoel (talk) 06:54, 9 December 2007 (UTC)

Order of Logohu (PNG)
We show the postnominal GCL. I wonder if this is right, and would appreciate others' opinions.
 * It was an honorary award by the PNG government . Gough Whitlam was given the same honour, as well as the title "Chief" for use in PNG, but his page has no reference to GCL or Chief.  There are no Google hits for Jeffery GCL (apart from w/pedia), or for Whitlam GCL. The GG's website makes no reference to this award. I suspect it's appropriate only in a PNG context, not generally.
 * Michael Somare has the same (substantive) award. His GCL seems to take precedence even over his knighthood (GCMG).  On that basis, Jeffey would be GCL, AC, CVO, MC.  But that assumes the GCL is appropriate at all.  JackofOz 10:33, 5 May 2006 (UTC)
 * The GCL would come afterwards in Australia as an honour from another Commonwealth country. Somare takes it before the others as that is what the PNG Order of Precedence states. -- Ibagli ( Talk ) 03:01, 18 August 2006 (UTC)

Star of the Order of Australia
I found this photo which shows Michael Jeffery wearing the Knights star of the Order of Australia. Is this some special emblem allowed to him as GG ? Dowew 03:18, 7 January 2007 (UTC)

Jeffrey is wearing the isignia as Principal Companion and Chancellor of the Order of Australia. The Queen as Sovereign of the Order of Australia has a similar insignia.

the lead
Major General Michael Jeffery? Since when did Major General become a part of his name?. MG is a military rank, not a name & Jeffery no longer holds the rank anway (he's retired from the Army). GoodDay (talk) 17:58, 9 December 2007 (UTC)

Resignation?
It’s been reported that he has “resigned”, and this form of words has now found its way into the article. But I really wonder what the journo meant by this. He certainly isn’t leaving the post in the immediate future, but carrying on till around August, as was always intended. There's nothing on the GG website about any resignation. Some G-G’s have actually resigned, in the sense that they have voluntarily cut their term short for various reasons – but I see no evidence that this is the case with Michael Jeffery. If he really had resigned, he’d have to leave Yarralumla ASAP. Anyone care to comment on this? -- JackofOz (talk) 09:11, 13 April 2008 (UTC)

I think it is clear from the SMH article he has given notice and the SMH article has been included as a ref now. You can resign without stepping down right away. I think it is important to leave in to make sense of the Quentin Bryce article. --Matilda talk 01:13, 14 April 2008 (UTC)

In this announcement from the GG http://www.gg.gov.au/governorgeneral/news.php?action=view&id=227 he makes it clear he will be stying in office for the next 4 months --Matilda talk 01:18, 14 April 2008 (UTC)

http://www.pm.gov.au/media/Release/2008/media_release_0193.cfm = resignation I will include as cite in article--Matilda talk 01:23, 14 April 2008 (UTC)

 * OK, thanks for that, Matilda. It seems it's definitely happened, but it still seems an unusual way of doing things.  I appreciate that G-Gs are not appointed for a specific period, but there is a general understanding that they'll be there for 5 years, subject to extension.  When the 5 years or whatever agreed period is up, their appointment is terminated, and their successor takes over.  A resignation would be appropriate if he left at any time before the agreed period was finished, cf. Hopetoun, Kerr and Hollingworth.  Jeffery's resignation is in a completely different category than those 3.  He was appointed on 11 August 2003 and it's been reported many times that he was due to leave around the 5th anniversary in August 2008, which is why there's been recent interest in who his successor would be.  Far from cutting his term short, he’s actually staying for 3 weeks longer than the originally agreed period.  So, I honestly can't see any rationale for a resignation in these circumstances, because it defies logic.  Maybe being from the old school, and a military type, he felt it appropriate to be proactive about handing in his commission rather than waiting for the Queen to withdraw it.  Even so, a resignation of a commission normally takes effect more or less immediately, not in 4 months time.  Strange, very strange.  Cheers.  --  JackofOz (talk) 07:28, 14 April 2008 (UTC)

 * The more I think about it, the more I believe it was simply shoddy wording from whoever drafted the PM's press release. If Rudd used this word himself at the press conference, well, we know he's not exactly the world's best wordsmith.  The media, and politicians themselves, get this sort of terminology wrong all the time.  Members of parliament who announce they're not contesting the next election, but staying put until whenever it may be called, are often reported to have "resigned".  That's quite inaccurate.  What they're doing is "retiring".  They give themselves the postnominal "MHR" but there's no such thing - it's "MP".  They talk about their "electoral offices", but it should be "electorate offices" - the AEC is the only electoral "office".   And so on.  I think the same sort of terminological inexactitude has happened here.  In no sense is Jeffery resigning; Rudd's announcement was intended to convey that Jeffery had signalled his intention to continue until QB is appointed.  It was not only a completely unnecessary announcement, it was actually misleading.  We shouldn't take the announcement at face value but interpret it in an appropriate way.  Our reputation is at stake here.  I'm going to remove all references to Michael Jeffery resigning.  --  JackofOz (talk) 00:48, 18 April 2008 (UTC)

WikiProject Military history/Assessment/Tag & Assess 2008
Article reassessed and graded as start class. --dashiellx (talk) 19:30, 16 May 2008 (UTC)

Style "The Honourable"
This keeps on getting put in, but I have serious doubts about it. I know of no protocol whereby an ex-governor-general gets to be The Hon solely by virtue of that office. Peter Hollingworth is definitely not. Most of the others are, but that's because they were Ministers (Hayden, Hasluck, ...), High or Supreme Court judges (Deane, Stephen, Kerr, ...), or Rt Hon because they were members of the Privy Council (Cowen, Casey, De L'Isle, ....). If I'm wrong, can anyone provide a cite? -- JackofOz (talk) 05:00, 6 September 2008 (UTC)

 * Until such a citation appears, I'm removing it. --  JackofOz (talk) 22:02, 7 September 2008 (UTC)

Anglo-Australian?
His appointment was generally welcomed, although there was some critical comment about the appointment of another Anglo-Australian male to the post

Is this vandalism? If not, in what sense is he an Anglo-Australian? Or were they making a distinction between males of Anglo-Celtic origin vs. indigenous or other-ethnic men or women vs. any women at all? -- JackofOz (talk) 04:29, 12 September 2008 (UTC)

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Corrected PalawanOz (talk) 11:56, 4 November 2008 (UTC)

Wikepedia's policy on academic and professional titles
Below is the relevant part of the Wikipedia policies on academic and professional titles in articles. Military titles are included in "professional" titles. The rest of the policy can be read at the shortcut link on the right.

<< Academic and professional titles (such as "Doctor" or "Professor") should not be used before the name in the initial sentence or in other uses of the person's name. Verifiable facts about how the person attained such titles should be included in the article text instead. In cases where the person is widely known by a pseudonym or stage name containing such a title (whether earned or not), it may be included as described above. Post-nominal letters indicating academic degrees (including honorary degrees) should not be included following the subject's name in the first line (although they may occasionally be used in articles of which the person with the degree is not the subject to clarify their qualifications). >>

Afterwriting (talk) 12:48, 27 May 2010 (UTC)

 * Yeah, I know. But so what?
 * EVERY Australian military bio includes the rank at the start of the lead. Pdfpdf (talk) 12:53, 27 May 2010 (UTC)

 * Then "EVERY Australian military bio" requires editing so that they follow the established policy - that's "what". Afterwriting (talk) 13:04, 27 May 2010 (UTC)

 * Don't you think a major change like that just might need a little discussion & consensus before an individual editor makes unilateral decisions? Pdfpdf (talk) 13:42, 27 May 2010 (UTC)
 * NO. It's not a "major change" ( no pun intended presumably ) and doesn't require any "discussion".  Show me your alleged "consensus" that's contrary to Wikipedial's established style policy.  And please explain how editing according to the established policy is somehow "unilateral". Afterwriting (talk) 13:51, 27 May 2010 (UTC)
 * I'm not interested in arguing with bigots, thank you. You can read. I've said my piece. Pdfpdf (talk) 13:57, 27 May 2010 (UTC)
 * Then obviously the only "consensus" is the one inside your head. "Bigots"?  Your cheap and gratuitous use of this very offensive term tells us more about yourself than anyone else. Afterwriting (talk) 14:03, 27 May 2010 (UTC)

Show me your alleged "consensus" - Oh. Sorry. Is that enough? How much evidence do you require? Pdfpdf (talk) 14:05, 27 May 2010 (UTC)
 * List of Australian generals and brigadiers
 * Brigadier (Australia)
 * Brigadier General (Australia)
 * Major General (Australia)
 * Lieutenant General (Australia)
 * General (Australia)
 * Field Marshal (Australia)
 * etc.

 * There's no "evidence" of any "consensus" here - only that one or more editors either don't understand or just ignore the established Wikipedia policy on professional titles. Afterwriting (talk) 14:35, 27 May 2010 (UTC)

Perhaps you both should have a good read of WP:CIVIL. However, I believe you are mistaken, Afterwriting, as it is perfectly acceptable to include ranks within the lead and the vast majority of articles on senior military personnel do so. The section you refer to solely pertains to academia, and the titles and honours associated with such, not other professions such as the military. Additionally, this is potentially a major change in practice and would require discussion (preferably at WT:MILHIST) if you were to systematically remove ranks from leads, due to the fact that, as aforementioned, a significant number of articles hold this practice, as do editors. Also, I will point out that pretty much every Featured Article on a senior military officer includes the rank within the lead, and if it were a breach of policy as you suggest, it would have been picked up on during the Featured Article review process and removed, but to my knowledge and in my experience this has never been done. Cheers, Abraham, B.S. (talk) 07:42, 28 May 2010 (UTC)

 * Yes, it is perfectly acceptable to include mention of a person's military rank in leads - but not to use such ranks as titles before names. The policy section I have referred to is for both *academic* and *professional* titles and military titles and ranks are included under professional titles ( under the general term of "officer" ).  You have obviously misunderstood the policy and the distinction between including information about a military rank and using such ranks as titles.  In this instance it is perfectly okay, for instance, to write that "Michael Jeffery is a major general in the Australian army" but it isn't okay to write that "Major General Michael Jeffery is ..."  Please read the policy more closely and you will see that I am correct on this matter. Afterwriting (talk) 16:31, 28 May 2010 (UTC)

Please read what Abraham, B.S. has written and answer his implied questions. Pdfpdf (talk) 03:11, 29 May 2010 (UTC)

It probably won't surprise people that this isn't the first time this general issue has been discussed. See Wikipedia talk:Manual of Style (biographies)/Archive 6 and Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Military history/Archive 68. --  Jack of Oz    ... speak! ...   03:56, 29 May 2010 (UTC)

 * You have misunderstood what I wrote. When I say include in lead, I mean include before name. I'm sorry, but you are mistaken; the policy solely refers to academia, hence while its title within the MOS is "Academic titles" and has a shortcut as "credential". Aside for that, also, ranks are not titles and the policy makes no mention of "officer". Furthermore, if one has a look at the examples given for that policy, they support the fact that it only refers to academia given that the examples refer to academic degrees and professorships. My latter points regarding the practice as widespread and prefectly acceptable in Featured Articles—which strictly adhere to policy—further supports that including a military rank before a name in the lead is not a violation of policy and perfectly acceptable practice. Cheers, Abraham, B.S. (talk) 04:10, 29 May 2010 (UTC)

 * What are you missing here, Abraham? If you read the relevant section of the policy it explicitly refers to *both* "academic" and "professional" titles - and military titles are considered as "professional titles".  In the list of professional titles "officer" is used to generically include all military ranks and any associated titles.  The policy is clear and straightforward and applies to all articles and all editors.  I suggest that you read it again - and this time note that it includes "professional" titles and not "solely" academic titles. Afterwriting (talk) 10:01, 29 May 2010 (UTC)

 * Please have another look at WP:CIVIL, the examples provided in the quoted policy and the discussions Jack has listed. Abraham, B.S. (talk) 10:08, 29 May 2010 (UTC)

 * For further clarification, if an academic position such as a professor is also used as a title ( "Professor" ) the same principle applies to a military rank such as a major general also being used as a title { "Major General" ). To claim that it is just being used as a rank before a name and not as a title is a nonsensical argument.   Articles on archbishops, for instance, don't begin with "Archbishop Fred Nerk" on the basis that being an "archbishop" is a rank within the church.  With only a few specific exceptions biographical articles begin with the person's name without any title or style or rank.   Where is there any exception in Wikipedia's policies on this matter for military titles?   Unless you can demonstrate that there is an exception then any military biography articles that begin titles before the person's name are not following the policy - and therefore can be edited to conform to the policy.  Also, there was nothing uncivil intended in my previous comments and falsely accusing other editors of incivility is itself uncivil.  Afterwriting (talk) 10:53, 29 May 2010 (UTC)

Pdfpdf (talk) 13:18, 29 May 2010 (UTC)
 * 20:25, 29 May 2010 Afterwriting (Undid The policy is clear on this matter.)
 * 19:17, 29 May 2010 Afterwriting (Undid Reverted persisent policy violation regarding titles.)
 * 01:53, 29 May 2010 Afterwriting (Undid As per Wikipedia policy on this matter.)
 * 22:35, 27 May 2010 Afterwriting (Undid Reverted contentious editing contrary to established policy.)
 * 21:56, 27 May 2010 Afterwriting (Undid It's Wikipedia policy regardless of what other articles mistakenly do.)
 * 18:19, 27 May 2010 Afterwriting (Title and styles aren't used in introductions - there are some exemptions such as "Sir" and "Saint".)

 * I wouldn't exactly call edit warring, POV pushing and ignoring four-fifths of the information, as well as the overwhelming consensus in both this discussion as well as that in the linked ones, presented to one as being civil. Abraham, B.S. (talk) 03:39, 30 May 2010 (UTC)

arbitrary sub-heading to facilitate editing
Dear Mr Afterwriting, Let's look at the facts - not people's opinions or interpretations - the facts. Before you continue your uncivil behaviour, please stop and think about these FACTS. Pdfpdf (talk) 08:23, 30 May 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) ALL Australian milhist bios for Generals include the rank as the first word or two of the lead.
 * 2) Many of these bios are Featured Articles, A-class Articles, Good Articles, etc. and have been reviewed and approved by people who know what they are talking about, and are VERY familiar with wikipedia policies.
 * 3) There is a consenus amongst editors of Australian milhist bios for Generals (and there are many such people) that the rank appears as the first word or two of the lead.
 * 4) MANY British, American, Australian and other countries' milhist bios for ranks of Major / Squadron Leader / Lt Commander and above include the rank as the first word or two of the lead.
 * 5) There is a consenus amongst editors of these milhist bios that the rank appears as the first word or two of the lead.

Assessment comment
Substituted at 23:52, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Michael Jeffery


text: User:Faithless Believer

title: User:Faithless Believer


text:
User talk:Faithless Believer

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, you can post to the help desk or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome!
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
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title: User talk:Faithless Believer


text:
Praetorian prefecture

The praetorian prefecture (praefectura praetorio; in Greek variously named ἐπαρχότης τῶν πραιτωρίων or ὑπαρχία τῶν πραιτωρίων) was the largest administrative division of the late Roman Empire, above the mid-level dioceses and the low-level provinces. Praetorian prefectures originated in the reign of Constantine I (r. 306–337), reaching their more or less final form in the last third of the 4th century and surviving until the 7th century, when the reforms of Heraclius diminished the prefecture's power, and the Muslim conquests forced the Eastern Roman Empire to adopt the new theme system. Elements of the prefecture's administrative apparatus, however, are documented to have survived in the Byzantine Empire until the first half of the 9th century.

History
The office of the praetorian prefect had a long history dating back to the origins of the Roman Empire: initially, its two holders were the commanders of the Praetorian Guard, but gradually, they became the emperor's chief aides, and amassed considerable administrative and judicial responsibilities. The exact process of transformation to the chief civilian administrator of a specific territorial circumscription is still unclear. A common misconception, based on Zosimus, is that Constantine I established the praetorian prefectures as definite territorial administrations as early as 318, or in 324, after his victory over Licinius.

During the Tetrarchy, when the number of holders of the imperial office multiplied (two senior emperors, the Augusti, and two junior colleagues, the Caesares), there is evidence for the existence of only two prefects at each time, presumably assigned to each of the Augusti. At that stage, the prefect's power was still immense. In the words of A.H.M. Jones, he was "a kind of grand vizier, the emperor's second in command, wielding a wide authority in almost every sphere of government, military and judicial, financial and general administration. He was the emperor’s chief of staff, adjutant-general, and quartermaster-general...". Following Diocletian's abdication in 305, civil war erupted among the various co-emperors, during which time each of the contenders appointed his own prefect, a pattern carried on during the period where the Empire was shared between Licinius and Constantine I. In 317 a third prefect was added in Gaul for Constantine's son Crispus. After his execution in 326 this prefect was retained. From 317 there were never less than three, and for years 347–361, 374–379 and 388–391, four, with the addition of a prefecture for Illyricum, although in the last two years it comprised only the dioceses of Dacia and Macedonia which would be the permanent territory from then on after restoration in 395. Following Constantine's victory over Licinius and the unification of the Empire under his rule, the office was transformed. The prefect's military duties were removed by the creation of the purely military offices of the magister peditum and magister equitum ("Master of the Foot/Horse"), and the establishment of the magister officiorum as the powerful head of the palatine bureaucracy and the civil service at large provided a counterbalance to the prefect's power. These reforms were the result of both the lack of officials suitable for the prefect's wide-ranging tasks, and of the desire to reduce the potential challenge to the emperor's authority posed by the over-mighty prefect. The office of the prefect was consequently converted into a purely civilian administrative one, albeit retaining the highest position in the imperial hierarchy, immediately below the emperor himself. Another important departure from tetrarchic practice was the increase in the number of holders: no less than five prefects are attested for ca. 332. This development is likely related to Constantine's giving his four sons specific territories to administer, envisioning a partition of imperial authority among them following his death. In this, the origins of the later territorial prefectures may be detected.

After Constantine's death in 337, his three surviving sons partitioned the Empire between them. As each new Augustus had his own praetorian prefect, this division created the first of what would gradually become the permanent praetorian prefectures: the western prefecture of Gaul (dioceses of Gaul, Viennensis, Hispania and Britain), the central prefecture of Italy, Illyricum and Africa (dioceses of Italy, Africa, Pannonia, Dacia and Macedonia) and the prefecture of the East (dioceses of Thrace, Asia, Pontus, Oriens). Egypt was part of the diocese of Oriens until 370 or 381. With the creation of the separate prefecture of Illyricum (dioceses of Pannonia, Dacia and Macedonia) in 347 until 361, and despite the occasional abolition of the latter, the picture that appears in the early 5th-century Notitia dignitatum ("list of dignities") was complete. The only major change was the removal of the diocese of Pannonia (renamed "Diocese of Illyricum") from the prefecture of Illyricum and its incorporation into the prefecture of Italy in 379. The diocese of Italy was in practice divided into two: of Italy in the north, and suburbicarian ("under the City") Italy in the south including Sicily, Corsica and Sardinia. There were no vicars appointed to the dioceses of Gaul and Dacia, because the praetorian prefects of Gaul and Illyricum were resident. When the prefect of Italy was in Milan, a vicar for Illyricum was appointed to reside in Sirmium; when the prefect resided in Sirmium, the post was lapsed, and a vicar was appointed to reside in Milan in place of the prefect.

In the course of the 5th century, the Western Empire was overrun by the invasions of Germanic tribes. However, the prefecture of Italy was retained by the new Ostrogothic Kingdom, which was still de jure part of the Empire, and Ostrogothic king Theodoric the Great even re-established the prefecture of Gaul in the small portion of Gaul he conquered in the 510s. After the reconquest of Northern Africa by the Eastern Empire during the Vandalic War of 533–534, the new provinces were grouped by emperor Justinian I into a new praetorian prefecture of Africa, which would later be transformed into the Exarchate of Africa. The praetorian prefecture of Italy was also re-established after the end of the Gothic War, before it too evolved into an exarchate. In the East, the prefectures would continue to function until the mid-7th century, when the loss of most eastern provinces to the Muslim conquest and of the Balkans to Slavic tribes led to the creation of the Theme system. In the meantime, however, reforms under Heraclius had stripped the prefect from a number of his subordinate financial bureaux, which were set up as independent departments under logothetes. The last time the prefect of the East is directly attested comes from a law of 629. According to some scholars, however, traces of the system survived into the early 9th century: Ernst Stein demonstrated that some aspects of the Illyrian prefecture survived in the administration of Thessalonica, while John Haldon, based on sigillographic evidence and references in the Byzantine Taktika, has documented the survival of the earlier civilian provincial administration within the theme system, with the prefect in Constantinople possibly in a supervisory capability, until the 840s.

Authority and powers of the prefect
Originally, the praetorian prefects were drawn from the equestrian class. Constantine's reforms entailed the reservation of this office for members of the senatorial class, and its prestige and authority were raised to the highest level, so that contemporary writers refer to it as the "supreme office". In the divided Empire, the two senior prefects were those of the East and of Italy, residing in the courts of the two emperors and acting effectively as their first ministers, while the prefects of Illyricum and Gaul held a more junior position.

The prefects held wide-ranging control over most aspects of the administrative machinery of their provinces, and only the magister officiorum rivalled them in power. The prefects fulfilled the roles of supreme administrative and juridical official, already present from the time of Septimius Severus, and that of chief financial official, responsible for the state budget. In their capacity as judges, they had the right to pass judgment instead of the emperor (vice sacra), and, unlike lower governors, their decision could not be appealed.

Their departments were divided in two major categories: the schola excerptorum, which supervised administrative and judicial affairs, and the scriniarii, overseeing the financial sector.

title: Praetorian prefecture


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Phillip Nozuka

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was keep. No consensus to delete this one. --Tony Sidaway Talk 17:48, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

Phillip Nozuka
Degrassi-cruft, non-notable actor with 14 Google hits. The reason I am bringing it here is to draw attention to User:Jenngonemad who has made several similar articles. Punkmorten 11:42, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * This needs to be cleaned up and wikified badly. We might just as well put this page out of its misery, but since I think that actors in televised shows are notable, and fondly remember the original Degrassi series, I say Keep and mark for cleanup. --DrTorstenHenning 13:12, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * A guest actor in two episodes? Come on. Punkmorten 20:40, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Pa-shaw. Get the ants out of your pants. He's going to be more of a major cast member in the new season. I don't like him. I think his Eskimo character is a major dick, but when he is a regualar cast member an imdb page won't be too far off. --Boycottthecaf 19:23, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

Keep. The character is recent to the Degrassi show as the resident token Eskimo, and will be more prominant in the upcoming season, starting next month in Canada. There will be more content to add before the year ends. Besides, when he does become as prominant as any of those other Degrassi actors, this article will probably be created again if it gets deleted now. --Boycottthecaf 03:03, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, non-notable. --[[Image:Ottawa flag.png|20px]] Spinboy 21:30, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Doesn't even have an imdb page, as far as I can tell. That's basically a bare minimum for any claim of notability as a screen actor. -R. fiend 02:11, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I've reviewed the user's other contributions, and they were all legitimate (albeit badly written and formatted.) But a two-episode guest shot by an actor with no other credits to his name does not warrant a Wikipedia article. Delete this; the rest are fine. Bearcat 20:07, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Can you provide a reference to confirm that he's a regular cast member in the fall? I'm willing to withdraw my vote, but only if it's independently confirmed by a reputable source. Bearcat 16:25, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User talk:Tearlach/ahbash

Al-Ahbash is a religious and political group in Lebanon (alternative names are The Ahbash, Habashis, al Habashiyyin, Association of Islamic Charitable Projects (AICP), and Jam'iyyat al- Mashari' al-Khayriyya al-Islamiyya).

It follows the teachings of Shaykh Abdallah ibn Muhammad ibn Yusuf al-Hirari al-Shibi al- Abdari, also known as al-Habashi ("the Ethiopian"), a belief system combining elements of elements of Sunni and Shi'a theology with Sufism. This combination promotes pluralism and opposition to political activism and violence (its slogan is "the resounding voice of moderation").

It is highly controversial within the Muslim sphere for its religious stance (heretical and anti-Wahhabi) and its political alliances (pro-Syria and conciliatory toward the West).

title: User talk:Tearlach/ahbash


text:
Gumilev

Gumilev or Gumilyov is the surname of the following persons:

 * Nikolai Gumilev (1886–1921), Russian poet of the Silver Age
 * Lev Gumilev (1912–1992), Soviet/Russian historian, son of Nikolai Gumilev and Anna Akhmatova

title: Gumilev


text:
Flex Mentallo

Flex Mentallo is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. Created by writer Grant Morrison and artist Richard Case in 1990, during their run on Doom Patrol. Flex is in part a parody of Charles Atlas' long-running "The Insult that made a Man out of Mac" advertisements seen in American comics from the past.

In 1996, Flex Mentallo appeared in a self-titled, four-issue miniseries written by Morrison and illustrated by Frank Quitely. The miniseries forms part of what Morrison calls a thematic hypersigil trilogy along with The Invisibles and The Filth.

Mentallo appears in his first live-action adaptation on the Doom Patrol television series for DC Universe and HBO Max, portrayed by Devan Chandler Long.

Publication history
Flex Mentallo first appeared in 1991 in issue #35 of Grant Morrison's run on Doom Patrol as a member of the audience for Danny the Street's Perpetual Cabaret. Later in the storyline, Flex reveals that he is actually "The Man of Muscle Mystery", and tidies his appearance. In issue #42, Flex is revealed to be not an entirely original creation, but rather a parody of the post-workout protagonist of Charles Atlas' long-running "The Insult that made a Man out of Mac" advertisements seen in American comics from the past.

Also parodied was My Greatest Adventure, the title in which the Doom Patrol originally appeared. Part of a long string of fictional characters "come to life" in Morrison's writing, Flex was apparently created by a psychic child with a green pen. The characters created in this child's youthful scrawlings, titled "My Greenest Adventure", apparently came to life. Amongst Flex's "Greenest Adventure" siblings were the villainous Waxworker and the heroic Fact.

In 1996, Flex Mentallo received his own four-issue mini-series written by Morrison and illustrated by Frank Quitely. Although ignored by the Charles Atlas company at the time, it was later brought to the company's attention by a fan of the comics. Charles Atlas company president Jeffrey C. Hogue was unhappy with its likeness being used this way, and filed a trademark infringement suit against DC Comics. DC submitted a motion for summary dismissal, which was granted on the basis of fair use using the parody defense.

DC has reprinted Flex's initial appearances, including the Charles Atlas parody, in the third and fourth collections of the Morrison Doom Patrol stories, "'Down Paradise Way" and "Musclebound". In 2012, DC reprinted the miniseries in a hardcover edition with bonus material. The miniseries had previously been reprinted in Italian by Italian publisher Magic Press.

Fictional character biography
Flex made his first appearance in Doom Patrol #36, where he appeared as a shaggy amnesiac on Danny the Street. When the false Men from N.O.W.H.E.R.E., controlled by a fanatic named Darren Jones, tried to destroy Danny the Street, the Doom Patrol came in to try and put a stop to it. Seeing them battle was what gave Flex his memory back. His origin story was given in Musclebound.

When Flex was still a "mac" instead of a "man", he was bullied a lot while on the beach. Tired of being scrawny, he was approached by a man who had a TV for a head and smoked three cigarinos at a time. He gave Flex a coupon to fill out to get a body building book, "Muscle Mystery for You". The instructions in the book turned Flex into the muscled strongman he is now, and he learned that when he flexed one type of muscle, he could alter reality. As he did, his "Hero Halo" appeared over him, which read "Hero of the Beach". After this, he decided to become a crimefighter and dressed in wrestling boots and leopard-skin trunks.

Flex teamed up with a group of heroes, the Zipper, the Atomic Pile, Dr. 45 and his assistant Romantic Rick, and the Fact. Strangely enough, he hinted, all their adventures revolved around the color green.

In 1956, while judging a swimsuit competition, Flex fell in love with and later married a woman named Dolores Watson. He was then approached by a reporter named Norman Grindstone, who was investigating the disappearance of detective Harry Christmas. Harry was "on to something big", as Norman put it, involving the Pentagon, a rash of 32 mysterious disappearances since 1949, silver sugar tongs, and an Ant Farm. Norman found Harry's conclusion about what was going on, and showed it to Flex. Both were horrified by Harry's discoveries. Soon after, Norman Grindstone was seemingly erased from existence. For two months Flex flexed about every muscle in his body trying to turn the Pentagon into a circle. Dolores left him in this time because he wouldn't stop flexing. He failed, and investigated the Pentagon up close. He was captured, however, by the (real) Men from N.O.W.H.E.R.E. and placed inside the Tearoom of Despair. Once there, he lost his powers and his memory, and was left to wander, homeless and crazy, until he found Danny the Street.

Flex eventually remembered the 32 disappearances; their number, he said, was 5, the number of sides of the Pentagon: "3+2=5 and that is their number. It is the number of anguish". After regaining his memory, he was reunited with Dolores, who returned his costume but then withered away; her parting words were "I love you. They made me". As she said this, the Men from N.O.W.H.E.R.E. suddenly stood in her place. They kidnapped Flex and young psychic Dorothy Spinner, bringing the two to the sub-sub basement of the Pentagon, to power the mechanical monstrosity Flex had discovered all those years ago: The Ant Farm.

While given a tour of the Ant Farm by the demented Major Honey, Flex learned that he was created by a psychic named Wallace Sage inside a comic book Sage created with green ink when he was a child called "My Greenest Adventure". Sage, along with Dorothy, was kidnapped as a means to summon the Telephone Avatar, a being that has enslaved the dead and haunted the telephone system for 50 years. The Doom Patrol soon invaded the Pentagon in an attempt to rescue Flex and Dorothy; in the confusion, Flex freed Wallace, who died within minutes. Upon Wallace's death, Flex regained his powers and successfully transformed the Pentagon into a circle, but he couldn't destroy the Avatar. The Avatar was eventually destroyed by The Candlemaker, an entity that had been imprisoned within Dorothy's mind.

Flex went on to star in a four-issue miniseries in its own continuity.

Flex Mentallo joins up with Doom Patrol later, helping them solve problems in the realm that is deep inside Danny. In return, the Patrol helps him with Muscle Beach, which had been over-run by bullies.

Powers and abilities
As The Man of Muscle Mystery, Flex Mentallo's powers are apparently vast but ill-defined. In a general sense, Flex can affect reality by flexing his muscles, in a reverse form of mind over matter. In the most extreme exertion of his power, he was able to transform the Pentagon into a circular building for a brief moment.

When Flex uses his power, his "Hero Halo", a shimmering projection of the words "Hero of the Beach", appears above his head.

Television

 * Flex Mentallo makes a cameo appearance on a poster in the Batman: The Brave and the Bold episode "The Last Patrol!".
 * A magazine depiction of Flex Mentallo appears in the Young Justice episode "Away Mission".
 * Flex Mentallo appears in Doom Patrol, portrayed by Devan Chandler Long. This version was previously captured by the Bureau of Normalcy in 1964 before being rescued by the Doom Patrol in the present day.

title: Flex Mentallo