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Florida State Road 874

State Road 874 (SR 874), named the South Miami Dade Don Shula Expressway for its length, is a controlled-access toll road in southern Miami-Dade County, Florida. It extends 7 mi northeast from the Homestead Extension of Florida's Turnpike (HEFT) in southwestern Kendall to SR 826 (Palmetto Expressway) in Glenvar Heights, allowing traffic from the far south of Miami-Dade County and the Florida Keys to move to more central regions of metropolitan Miami and vice versa, bypassing communities along US 1, while also permitting local access to the Kendall district. The road, named in honor of the long-serving coach of the Miami Dolphins NFL team, is maintained and tolled by the Greater Miami Expressway Agency (GMX). Contrary to the numbering plan of Florida State Roads, SR 874 is signed north–south.

Route description
SR 874 begins at an interchange with the HEFT on the boundary of the communities of Three Lakes, Richmond Heights and Kendall, about 15 mi southwest of Downtown Miami. The expressway is formed from the median lanes of the HEFT, and immediately turns to the northeast, passing under the HEFT's northbound lanes. Southbound HEFT traffic cannot access northbound SR 874; likewise, southbound SR 874 traffic cannot access the HEFT northbound. After turning to the northeast and entering Kendall, the six-laned Don Shula Expressway subsequently parallels CSX's Homestead Subdivision past predominantly residential neighborhoods for its entire route. SR 874 meets its first of three toll gantries about 1.4 mi north of its southern terminus, just north of its former lone toll plaza.

About 2 mi from SR 874's southern terminus, the expressway interchanges with Killian Parkway (SR 990) and Southwest 107th Avenue (SR 985) at a partial cloverleaf interchange. The Don Shula Expressway continues on for 1.1 mi, passing through another toll gantry, before reaching an interchange with Kendall Drive (SR 94). Almost immediately afterwards, SR 874 crosses the Snapper Creek Canal and enters the Sunset district. It then reaches the partial interchange with the Snapper Creek Expressway (SR 878); indeed, southbound motorists along the Don Shula Expressway who wish to exit to Kendall Drive are directed onto the westernmost portion of SR 878. Once past the Snapper Creek Expressway, SR 874 features no interchanges for the remainder of its route. Just north of the bridge over Sunset Drive (SR 986), about 1/2 mi north of SR 878, motorists in both directions are provided with a separated lane to take their vehicles to if caught in an accident. 1/4 mi past the accident investigation sites, the Don Shula Expressway swings north over the railroad, crossing over Galloway Road (SR 973) in the process, and resumes its northeasterly orientation, now forming the boundary between the communities of Olympia Heights, to the road's north, and Glenvar Heights, to the south. 0.6 mi later, SR 874 passes through its third and final toll gantry, before reaching its northern terminus in a partial interchange with the Palmetto Expressway after another 1 mi. Like at its southern terminus, SR 874 forms the central lanes of SR 826 northbound; however, its interchange is integrated with SR 826's interchange with Bird Road (SR 976). Also like its southern terminus, there is no access for northbound SR 874 or SR 826 traffic to the other route's southbound counterpart.

Tolls
SR 874's tolls are entirely electronic: cash cannot be accepted along its length. Payment is done either via SunPass transponders or via toll-by-plate billing, the latter of which attracts a higher cost. Three toll gantries are located along the Don Shula Expressway: the first between the HEFT and Killian Parkway, the second between Killian Parkway and Kendall Drive, and the last between the Snapper Creek and Palmetto Expressways. The relationship between the tolling points and interchanges along SR 874 and SR 878 is that all motorists are charged at least one toll for using the road; there are no "free sections". As of July 1, 2013, the cost for a two-axled vehicle to drive the entire length of SR 874 is $1.00 with a SunPass transponder, or $2.00 via the toll-by-plate program, with the two southern gantries charging $0.25 (SunPass) or $0.50 (toll-by-plate) each, and the northern one charging twice as much. Each additional axle on a vehicle attracts a surcharge equal to the cost of a two-axled vehicle for each gantry passed.

History
The history of the Don Shula Expressway can be traced back to 1957 when, in planning for the Palmetto Expressway's routing, Dade County Commissioner Ralph Fossey proposed an alternative southern alignment of the expressway to follow the then Seaboard-owned railroad southwest from near Miller Drive (Southwest 56th Street) to Southwest 117th Avenue, before heading south to US 1 at Goulds, instead of heading due south to Kendall. While the Palmetto Expressway was built to its original plan in 1961, the concept of an expressway next to the Seaboard tracks south of Miller Drive, termed the South Dade Expressway, continued to feature in transportation plans over the next decade. By the middle of 1969, bonds for construction of the South Dade Expressway were being secured from the Turnpike Authority; however, plans for the expressway were revised and incorporated into wider plans involving the West Dade Expressway (what would become the HEFT) in 1970, which included a toll of ten cents and a shift of the South Dade Expressway to the northern side of the Seaboard railroad north of Galloway Road (Southwest 87th Avenue). Funding was secured in 1971, and a construction end-date was set for early 1973. This did not eventuate due to difficulties to acquire land for the expressway's right-of-way, resulting in the final section of the South Dade Expressway, between Kendall Drive and the Palmetto Expressway, opening at midday on July 31, 1975. In 1983, the South Dade Expressway was renamed by the Florida Legislature to the Don Shula Expressway, in honor of the Hall of Fame head coach of the Miami Dolphins NFL team. Tolls along the Don Shula Expressway were collected at the southern toll plaza until July 17, 2010 when, as part of MDX's rollout of electronic tolling across its owned roads, the road was converted to open road tolling at the same time as the adjoining Snapper Creek Expressway. Initially, tolls were $0.25 for SunPass users at the southern gantries and $0.50 at the northern gantry, with a $0.15 surcharge for motorists using the toll-by-plate system at all gantries. The toll-by-plate rate increased on July 1, 2013, while the SunPass rate was unaffected.

Future
As part of its long-term plans for the region, GMX is seeking to improve access to the Don Shula Expressway from its surrounding communities, particularly from the areas west of the HEFT. Notably, MDX has launched a project to build exit and entry ramps from SR 874 into the Three Lakes district west of its southern terminus, aiming to relieve congestion at the Southwest 120th Street and Coral Reef Drive (SR 992) interchanges with the HEFT by providing alternative access and egress of the area via SR 874. Studies to build the connection ran from 2010 until early 2012, in which six alternative routes for the ramps were suggested: the preferred route sees Southwest 128th Street widened east of Southwest 137th Avenue to four lanes, with flyovers from east of Southwest 122nd Avenue, heading over the HEFT/SR 874 interchange, to merge with SR 874 east of Southwest 117th Avenue. Construction began in April 2017, and was completed on September 10, 2021.

An additional project to improve connectivity with the Don Shula Expressway sees the construction of a partial diamond interchange between SR 874 and Sunset Drive (SR 986), so as to relieve congestion along SR 986 and improve access to the Sunset and neighboring districts. The interchange's ramps would permit movement only to and from SR 874 north of SR 986. GMX began preliminary studies of the project in 2009, but no timeline for construction has yet been published.

title: Florida State Road 874


text:
Río Blanco

Río Blanco (Spanish for "White River") may refer to:

Argentina

 * Río Blanco (Argentina)
 * Río Blanco (Río de los Patos)

Belize

 * Rio Blanco (Belize)

Bolivia

 * Río Blanco (Bolivia), a tributary of the Rio Guaporé

Chile

 * Río Blanco (Aconcagua)
 * Río Blanco (Ajatama)
 * Río Blanco (Loa)
 * Río Blanco (Chollay)

Guatemala

 * Río Blanco, San Marcos

Mexico

 * Río Blanco, Chiapas
 * Río Blanco, Oaxaca
 * Río Blanco, Veracruz, a town in Veracruz state
 * Río Blanco (Veracruz), a river in Veracruz state

Nicaragua

 * Río Blanco, Matagalpa

Peru

 * Rio Blanco mine, a copper mine in Loreto Region
 * Río Blanco or Yuraqmayu, a river in the Lima Region, Peru

Puerto Rico

 * Río Blanco (Ponce, Puerto Rico), a tributary of the Río Prieto

Spain

 * Río Blanco, Granada, a river in Sierra de Cogollos

United States

 * Rio Blanco (Colorado), a tributary of the San Juan River
 * Rio Blanco County, Colorado
 * Rio Blanco Oil Shale Company
 * Blanco River (Texas), a tributary of the San Marcos River

Uruguay

 * what would be the native (Spanish) name of the city of Río Branco, Uruguay, actually named in Portuguese in honor of a Brazilian diplomat

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Río Blanco


text:
User:WAS 4.250/1

=A Light-Hearted Look at the History of Wikipedia=

In the before times
Moses told the Pharaoh of Egypt to let my people be free; then killed those who voted against him at Mount Sinai. Thomas Jefferson, knowing much about slavery, helped found the United States of America as a free nation for propertied white males with a constitution that allows for modification. Resulting, in time, in a nation that uses copyright laws and licences in the never ending battle for Truth, Justice, and the American way.

Founders
Richard Stallman is responsible for the GFDL Wikipedia uses, is the spiritual founder of Wikipedia though his GNU Project and freedom-software movement, and is the leading free culture prophet. Jimbo Wales is the financial founder of Wikipedia, its community leader, and the leading advocate for the use of Wiki software combined with maximum freedom for anonymous editors. Larry Sanger is the paid administrative founder who was responsible for establishing Wikipedia's main policies and many initial aspects; but is now at odd with Jimbo over the level of freedom for anonymous editors and who gets credit for Wikipedia. Clifford Adams is Wikipedia's software founder.

Before Slashdot saved Wikipedia
October 15, 2003 An Anthere user account is blocked by Jimmy Wales here but doesn't learn it is Anthere until December 2006 here.

Before BLP saved Wikipedia
A long running soap opera played out on the pages of Wikipedia resulted in WP:BLP which saved Wikipedia.

In the future after that
In the future, Wikipedia achieves conciousness causing the Technological singularity.

title: User:WAS 4.250/1


text:
Military saint

The military saints, warrior saints and soldier saints are patron saints, martyrs and other saints associated with the military. They were originally composed of the early Christians who were soldiers in the Roman army during the persecution of Christians, especially the Diocletianic Persecution of AD 303–313.

Most of the early Christian military saints were soldiers of the Roman Empire who had become Christian and, after refusing to participate in Imperial cult rituals of loyalty to the Roman Emperor, were subjected to corporal punishment including torture and martyrdom.

Veneration of these saints, most notably of Saint George, was reinforced in the Latin Church during the time of the Crusades. The title of "champion of Christ" (athleta Christi) was originally used for these saints, but in the late medieval period also conferred on contemporary rulers by the Pope.

Since the Middle Ages, more saints have been added for various military-related patronages.

Hagiography
In Late Antiquity, Christian writers of hagiography, prominently including Sulpicius Severus in his account of the heroic, military life of Martin of Tours, created a literary model that reflected the new spiritual, political, and social ideals of a post-Roman society. In a study of Anglo-Saxon soldier saints (Damon 2003), J. E. Damon has demonstrated the persistence of Sulpicius's literary model in the transformation of the pious, peaceful saints and willing martyrs of late antique hagiography to the Christian heroes of the early Middle Ages, who appealed to the newly converted societies led by professional warriors and who exemplified accommodation with and eventually active participation in holy wars that were considered just.

Iconography
The Military Saints are characteristically depicted as soldiers in traditional Byzantine iconography from about the 10th century (Macedonian dynasty) and especially in Slavic Christianity. While early icons show the saints in "classicizing" or anachronistic attire, icons from the 11th and especially the 12th centuries, painted in the new style of τύπων μιμήματα ("imitating nature"), are an important source of knowledge on medieval Byzantine military equipment.

The angelic prototype of the Christian soldier-saint is the Archangel Michael, whose earliest known cultus began in the 5th century with a shrine at Monte Gargano. The iconography of soldier-saints Theodore and George as cavalrymen develops in the early medieval period. The earliest image of St Theodore as a horseman (named in Latin) is from Vinica, North Macedonia and, if genuine, dates to the 6th or 7th century. Here, Theodore is not slaying a dragon, but holding a draco standard. Three equestrian saints, Demetrius, Theodore and George, are depicted in the "Zoodochos Pigi" chapel in central Macedonia in Greece, in the prefecture of Kilkis, near the modern village of Kolchida, dated to the 9th or 10th century. The "dragon-slaying" motif develops in the 10th century, especially iconography seen in the Cappadocian cave churches of Göreme, where frescoes of the 10th century show military saints on horseback confronting serpents with one, two or three heads. In later medieval Byzantine iconography, the pair of horsemen is no longer identified as Theodore and George, but as George and Demetrius.

Catholic
(NB: some saints on the list remain unclassified as of 2021)

Eastern Orthodox Church
In the Romanian Orthodox Church:

 * Michael the Archangel: protector of the Romanian Army, and, as the patron saint of Michael the Brave and as the symbol of the Romanian victory in the Great War, the protector of the unity of all Romanians.
 * Saint George: patron of the Romanian Land Forces
 * Saint Elijah: patron of the Romanian Air Forces
 * Virgin Mary: patron of the Romanian Naval Forces

The Russian Orthodox Church:

 * Michael the Archangel: military; paratroopers; policemen (including MVD Police and the Military Police), heavenly guardian of the Russian lands.
 * Barbara: missile servicemen including those of the Strategic Missile Forces, the Missile Forces and Artillery and the Air Defence Forces of the Ground Forces, Air Defence of the Air Force, Russian Space Forces and Russian Aerospace Defence Force
 * Saint Alexander Nevskiy: soldiers protecting Russian lands, National Guard of Russia, Spetsnaz.
 * Saint Dmitry Donskoy: soldiers under the Tank Troops and all motorized rifle units
 * Saint George: soldiers and all people protecting the nation, and patron saint of the city of Moscow. Also co-patron of cavalry and Tank Troops.
 * Saints Aleksandr Peresvet and Andrey Oslyabya: Radonezhskiy holy monk-warriors.
 * Saint Nikita the Warrior (Vesoron): Orthodox soldiers.
 * Saints Boris and Gleb, holy Orthodox princes of Russia: soldiers.
 * Saint John the Warrior: soldiers.
 * Saint Merkuriy of Smolensk, warrior-martyr: soldiers.
 * Saint Evgeniy Sevastiyskiy, warrior-martyr: soldiers.
 * Prince Vladimir: Patron saint of the National Guard of Russia
 * Saint Iliya Muromets: Patron of the Border Service of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation
 * Saint Feodor Stratilat: Orthodox soldiers.
 * Saint Elijah the Prophet: the Russian Air Force.
 * Saint Feodor Ushakov: the Navy, including nuclear submarines.
 * Saint Andrew: Russian Navy (principal patron)
 * Holy Prophet Isaiah: Russian Airborne Forces
 * Saint Seraphim of Sarov: nuclear warhead specialists (12th GUMO)
 * Saint Martin of Tura: cavalry and the Tank Troops

title: Military saint


text:
WESU

WESU is a college/community non-commercial FM radio station owned by Wesleyan University and licensed to Middletown, Connecticut.

History
It was founded in 1939 as an unofficial AM carrier current campus radio station in the basement of Clark Hall. Upon gaining recognition, the station operated under the unofficial call sign WES. In the 1950s, the call sign became WESU. Then on February 25, 1961, it began operating an FM station at 88.1 MHz, eventually abandoning the AM station. Between 1967 and 1990, WESU was owned and operated by an independent student group, the now-defunct Wesleyan Broadcast Association, Inc. Today, it is owned by the Trustees of Wesleyan University, and operated by students and community volunteers. In 1999, the station moved offices and studios from the basement of Clark Hall to its current location next the Wesleyan Argus on 45 Broad Street.

Asked in 2020 whether WESU is not the oldest college radio station in the United States, its station manager Benjamin Michael gave an explanation of the complexities of what counts as a "college radio station" and then stated that WESU is "the last of the original student-owned and student-operated stations."

Programming
WESU operates 24 hours a day. Until 2004, WESU's format had been entirely freeform, with DJs and student staff having complete freedom to program what they wanted. The university then announced its intention to seek an affiliation with National Public Radio (NPR), and to change the station's daytime format. Douglas Bennet, then president of Wesleyan University, was a former president of NPR. The station now broadcasts news and information shows during the day. Nights and weekends, WESU continues to operate as a free-form station.

WESU broadcasts with 6,000 watts effective radiated power (ERP), circular polarization, from the top of Wesleyan University's Exley Science Center in Middletown. The programming is a mix of freeform music, National Public Radio, Public Radio International (PRI) and Pacifica Radio Network programs. From NPR and PRI, WESU airs Morning Edition, Diane Rehm, The Takeaway, Weekend Edition, The Best of Car Talk and Science Friday. From Pacifica, it broadcasts Democracy Now!, Free Speech Radio News, The Ralph Nader Hour and Exploration in Science with Dr. Michio Kaku. The station airs Connecticut-made programs like The Jack Sullivan Radio Show, Voice of the City with J.Cherry. Acoustic Blender with Bill Revill and Nutmeg Junction. Most hours during the day, it airs NPR News at the beginning of the hour.

The radio station was featured in a plot on the TV comedy series "How I Met Your Mother." At the end of the episode "The Possimpible", Ted Mosby (played by Josh Radnor) is deleting his work experience at the radio station from his resume.

Notable alumni

 * Doug Berman - Producer of Car Talk and Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!.
 * John Perry Barlow - former lyricist for the Grateful Dead.
 * Pete Ganbarg (also known as Pistol Pete)(Music Director - 1986 - 1988) - President Of A&R for Atlantic Records
 * Damian Hess (also known as MC Frontalot) - Disc jockey of Nerdcore hip hop fame.

title: WESU


text:
User talk:Gamepino89

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks.

grm_wnr Esc  21:19, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Gamepino89


text:
Diazoalkane 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition

The Diazoalkane 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition is a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (an organic reaction) between a 1,3-dipole diazo compound (notably diazomethane) and a dipolarophile. When the dipolarphile is an alkene, the reaction product is a pyrazoline.

The reaction product of a cycloaddition between diazomethane and trans-diethyl glutaconate is a 1-pyrazoline. This reaction is 100% regioselective because the diazo terminal nitrogen atom bonds exclusively to the alpha-carbon of the ester. The reaction is also a syn addition, and the configuration in the dipolarophile is preserved. The 1-pyrazoline is unstable and isomerizes to the 2-pyrazoline due to favorable conjugation with the ester group.

With diazo(phenyl)methane as the reactant the regioselectivity is reversed and the reaction is extended even further by simple air organic oxidation of the 2-pyrazoline to the pyrazole.

Another example of a diazo cycloaddition is a diazo-thioketone coupling.

title: Diazoalkane 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition


text:
WFTX-TV

WFTX-TV (channel 36) is a television station licensed to Cape Coral, Florida, United States, serving as the Fox affiliate for Southwest Florida. Owned by the E.W. Scripps Company, the station has studios on Southwest Pine Island Road (SR 78) in Cape Coral, and its transmitter is located near Punta Gorda (east of I-75/SR 93) near the Charlotte and Lee county line.

WFTX-TV is branded as Fox 4, in reference to its channel location on most cable systems in the market, which it has enjoyed since its sign on in 1985.

History
In 1982, interest began in the channel 36 allocation to Cape Coral. In 1984, out of four applications, a Federal Communications Commission (FCC) administrative law judge gave the nod to Florida Family Broadcasting Limited, which included one Native American and one Asian investor, over three other groups seeking the construction permit. Florida Family—a company associated with Family Group Broadcasting, which two years prior had signed on WFTS-TV in Tampa—had to settle with the other applicants, a process that look longer than expected.

Construction work began in April, and after a prolonged construction marked by delays due to high winds, WFTX-TV started broadcasting on October 14, 1985. It was the first independent station in Southwest Florida, and from the start, it aired on channel 4 on most systems. Within a year of building WFTX-TV, Family Group sold it for $17 million to Terre Haute, Indiana–based Wabash Valley Broadcasting, controlled by the family of Tony Hulman; Wabash Valley, which owned WTHI-TV in its home town of Terre Haute, had also agreed to purchase WBSP-TV in Ocala earlier that year.

Even though it was on the air in 1985, a full studio facility was not completed until 1987; that same year, the station affiliated with Fox (partly to prevent new independent WNPL-TV channel 46 from doing so) and extended its coverage north with an increase in tower height. WFTX even pitched ABC on defecting from its affiliate, perennial third-place station WEVU-TV, in 1988. With Fox, channel 36's programming rapidly grew in ratings. Its first major local program, the consumer series Troubleshooter, was outdrawing national and local newscasts by 1991.

The station changed hands again in 1998, when Emmis Communications purchased the assets of Wabash Valley Broadcasting, giving Emmis its first television stations. From 2002 to 2005, WFTX's master control and other internal operations were controlled from a regional hub located at the company's WKCF in Lake Mary, near Orlando. Emmis exited the television business in 2005, with Journal Broadcast Group acquiring WFTX and two other stations.

On July 30, 2014, it was announced that the E. W. Scripps Company would acquire Journal Communications in an all-stock transaction and spin off the combined company's print assets. The deal made WFTX a sister station once again to WFTS and also NBC affiliate WPTV-TV in West Palm Beach. The FCC approved the deal on December 12, 2014. It was approved by shareholders on March 11, 2015, closing on April 1.

In the fall of 2021, WFTX added Ion Television as a subchannel after Scripps' acquisition of Ion Media, bringing the network over-the-air to Southwest Florida for the first time since its 1998 launch. The Fort Myers–Naples market was the only market in the state outside Tallahassee which never had a station owned by Ion Media or its forerunner companies.

News operation
In 1992, WFTX announced it would start a local news service in 1993. The first 10 p.m. newscast aired on October 10, 1993, In its first year, the Associated Press selected WFTX as having the best medium-market newscast in the state of Florida. A 6 p.m. program was added in 1995, incorporating the previously separate Troubleshooter show; low ratings prompted its cancellation in 2000.

After the sale to Journal, WFTX expanded its news department with a focus on consumer advocacy and investigative reporting. A weekday morning newscast titled Fox 4 News Rising subsequently debuted in the fall of 2006; the station launched an 11 p.m. newscast in 2007 and a 6 p.m. show in 2010. A 5 p.m. hour has since been added.

Due to the highly competitive nature of the Fort Myers–Naples market, WFTX's flagship 10 p.m. newscast has attracted competition over the years. In August 2006 when ABC affiliate WZVN-TV (channel 26) announced that it would launch a nightly prime time newscast on cable-only MyNetworkTV affiliate "WNFM". On March 26, 2007, CBS affiliate WINK-TV (channel 11) entering into the 10 p.m. race with its own broadcast on CW affiliate WXCW. Right from the start, this emerged as a strong second-place finisher to WFTX's longer-established newscast, building on WINK-TV's longtime status as the most watched station in the market. On May 25 after only eight months on-the-air, the nightly WZVN-produced newscasts on WNFM were dropped, due to Comcast's frequent technical difficulties (the cable provider operates the MyNetworkTV affiliate) which hindered in the program's ratings, as well as the success of the WXCW production. To take on the big three stations, WFTX began airing an hour-long weeknight 6 p.m. newscast on August 2, 2010, with the second half competing against the national evening news programs on WZVN, WBBH and WINK.

Notable former on-air staff

 * Cindy Preszler — meteorologist (now at WFOR-TV in Miami)
 * Michelle Tuzee — anchor/reporter (later with KABC-TV in Los Angeles)

Subchannels
The station's signal is multiplexed:

Analog-to-digital conversion
WFTX-TV discontinued regular programming on its analog signal, over UHF channel 36, on June 12, 2009, the official date on which full-power television stations in the United States transitioned from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate. The station's digital signal continued to broadcast on its pre-transition UHF channel 35.

title: WFTX-TV


text:
1927 Pulitzer Prize

The following are the Pulitzer Prizes for 1927.

Journalism awards

 * Public Service:
 * Canton Daily News, for its brave, patriotic and effective fight for the ending of a vicious state of affairs brought about by collusion between city authorities and the criminal element, a fight which had a tragic result in the assassination of the editor of the paper, Mr. Don R. Mellett.
 * Reporting:
 * John T. Rogers of the St. Louis Post-Dispatch, for the inquiry leading to the impeachment of Judge George W. English of the U.S. Court for the Eastern District of Illinois.
 * Editorial Writing:
 * F. Lauriston Bullard of the Boston Herald, for "We Submit".
 * Editorial Cartooning:
 * Nelson Harding of the Brooklyn Daily Eagle, for "Toppling the Idol".

Letters and Drama Awards

 * Novel:
 * Early Autumn by Louis Bromfield (Stokes)
 * Drama:
 * In Abraham's Bosom by Paul Green (McBride)
 * History:
 * Pinckney's Treaty by Samuel Flagg Bemis (Johns Hopkins)
 * Biography or Autobiography:
 * Whitman by Emory Holloway (Knopf)
 * Poetry:
 * Fiddler's Farewell by Leonora Speyer (Knopf)

title: 1927 Pulitzer Prize


text:
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title: User:Curps/Sandbox1


text:
Gurston Down Motorsport Hillclimb

The Gurston Down Speed Hill Climb is a hillclimb in Broad Chalke, Wiltshire, England, organised by the South Western Centre of the British Automobile Racing Club. The first practice meeting was held on 25 June 1967, when Patsy Burt, driving a McLaren-Oldsmobile set a time of 39.90 sec. The first competition event was held on 23 July 1967.

The track currently hosts eight competitive events each year; two, two-day events, and five are single-day events. In addition, a Test Day is held annually just before the competitive season starts. The venue also conducts four Hill Climb School days each year, which follow the syllabus set by AHASS (the Association of Hill Climb and Sprint Schools).

The venue currently hosts two rounds a year of the British Hill Climb Championship during May and August and seven events of its own championship. The 2020 Hill and Championship Sponsor is Turbo Dynamics, a company owned and run by Peter Marsh, son of the hill's designer, Tony Marsh. In addition to the Turbo Dynamics Championship, the venue hosts rounds of the ASWMC, ACSMC and HSA championships and a number of other national championships.

Motorcycles also visit the venue five times a year, and run as part of five of the single-day events. The motorcycle riders are members of the National Hill Climb Association (NHCA).

The farmland the course traverses is also used for pheasant shoots and the course itself has found a dual use as a gravity racing venue.

The course measures 1058 yards (967 metres), and rises a total of 140 feet (43 metres), although the first section of the track is downhill, a feature unique in British hill climbing, but not unknown elsewhere in Europe.

The course was designed in 1965 by Tony Marsh, who was still competing the course in the premier over 2000cc racing car class in 2007. In July 2009, the third round of the Gurston Down Speed Hill Climb Championships was dedicated to Marsh's memory following his death in May.

The outright hill record is held by Wallace Menzies, who completed the course in 25.34 seconds on 30 May 2021.

Gurston Down Hill Climb past winners
Key: R = Course Record.

title: Gurston Down Motorsport Hillclimb


text:
...Or Stay Tuned

...Or Stay Tuned is the fourth studio album by the People Under the Stairs and their final release on Om Records until 2009's Carried Away. The group's shortest album (clocking in at only 43 minutes), it was originally marketed as an EP release and called a "mini-album" in the liner notes. In the years since the album's release, the group has counted it among their main album catalog, as it was released on double-vinyl and meets the criteria for being full-length. The album also produced one single, "Yield".

Background
Contractually, People Under The Stairs had one more album to complete with Om. After receiving a funding advance for the final album with Om, Thes One purchased a Neve 5116/32 mixing console, and in the space of a couple weeks in June, the group finished recording several tracks. After looking through their outtakes from the previous album, O.S.T., People Under The Stairs realized that they had enough unheard material (including the newly created tracks) to issue another release.

The final album contained five songs recorded as early as 2001, plus six new tracks. The only previously-released track on the album was a remix of "O.S.T. (Original Soundtrack)". Other "remixes" for the album included a very-short, a cappella rendition of a piece of "San Francisco Knights" and a completely re-imagined version of "The L.A. Song" which presented a much more serious and tragic view of the city.

Reception
Much like "Acid Raindrops" on their previous album, O.S.T., the song "Outrun" proved to be a hit with fans, with its Wesley Willis-tribute chorus and record scratching by Double K.

AllMusic gave the album four out of five stars, complimented PUTS' D.I.Y. attitude, and called ...Or Stay Tuned "highly recommended". The tracks "Drumbox", "OST Remix" and "Outrun" were also selected to appear in the video game ESPN NFL 2K5 as optional menu and stadium music.

Track listing
All songs written by Christopher "Thes One" Portugal and Michael "Double K" Turner.

 * Additional tracks
 * The vinyl & Japanese CD releases of the album separate out the skit "Church" from the end of "Fly Love Song".
 * The Japanese release of the album also includes three additional tracks:
 * "R&B", 0:23 (a brief interlude between "Church" and "Drumbox")
 * "Hangloose Pt 2 (bonus track)", 4:23 (after "Outrun"; also known as "Hang Loose, Pt. 2")
 * "Fishbucket (bonus track)", 3:28 (after "Hangloose Pt 2"; also known as "Live At The Fishbucket, Pt. 2")

title: ...Or Stay Tuned


text:
Talk:Stamford, Lincolnshire

Lack of foresight...
I have removed this sentence from the main article as it seems rather POV. The Almighty may be omniscient, but the Church is merely human!
 * The growth in church congregations in the early twenty-first century pointed up the Church of England's short sightedness in tearing down St Peter's Church in 1560 as surplus to requirements.

Stamford Mercury, and the almost-built railway
I went to a boarding school in Stamford for a couple of years in the early '90s, and I remember hearing then that:
 * The Stamford Mercury is the oldest weekly paper in Britain outside London, dating from about 1640. There's a claim of something like this on the masthead, or was back then anyway.
 * The main east coast rail line was planned to pass thru Stamford, and the developers had built a station and a railway hotel (at right angles to the existing branch line) before Lord Burleigh withdrew his consent at the last minute. They hadn't bought the land and there was no way to run the track around the Burleigh estate, so it went to Peterborough instead.

Anyone know if these are true, and has references to write them in? If not I'll have a look myself next week. Moyabrit 22:12, 21 April 2007 (UTC)

 * I read a similar claim about the paper in the local museum but have no references either. -- Asterion talk 12:09, 22 April 2007 (UTC)

I have heard the railway was initially planned to run through Stamford but as said Lord Burghley rejected the plans and therefore it ran through the then market town of Peterborough leading to its growth. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.138.205.242 (talk) 20:45, 22 December 2008 (UTC)

Errors
I don't know where Rutland Radio's transmitter is but the only Little Casterton Road I know does not go to Oakham.

I reckon that the High Street was pedestrianised in the 70s and resurfaced in the 80s.

Cement is not quarried, it is manufactured. The limestone used in its production is quarried locally. —Preceding unsigned comment added by IanBrock (talk • contribs) 07:33, 7 July 2008 (UTC)

Location
I can remember a TV show or film, featuring US and German troops being made in the early to mid 80s. Possibly it was The Far Country as I think Michael York was in it. —Preceding unsigned comment added by IanBrock (talk • contribs) 08:33, 7 July 2008 (UTC)

I think it was a made for tv movie called "space" Fane school pupils were used as Germans in it. Someone removed it from the Stamford page. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Blackstonesfcfan (talk • contribs) 15:55, 4 December 2013 (UTC)

Middlemarch
The link to the 1994 TV serial goes to the novel and not the TV show. Apologies, I'd correct it myself if I knew how. TheOneOnTheLeft (talk) 19:25, 14 August 2010 (UTC)
 * 'tis done some time back. Rich Farmbrough, 18:11, 22 February 2011 (UTC).

Old residents
new note has been entered about Stamfords oldest twins living to 102/104 - my great aunt lived in Stamford and lived to be 102 is she noteworthy as well? She was an usherette at Stamford Cinema and her husband, Bill Smith was the projectionist. We still have a footlight from the cinema in the families possession. I doubt its noteworthy, but perhaps someone can help on that? Panderoona (talk) 22:05, 13 May 2011 (UTC)
 * Interesting to a Stamfordian, but generally modern centenarians aren't considered sufficiently noteworthy for a town of this size. The twin centenarians are more unusual.  "Supercentenarians" might also be worth a mention.  This has, though, been a fraught area on WP in the past.  All the best: Rich Farmbrough, 11:49, 21 June 2017 (UTC).

Time warp?
"medieval core of 17th-18th century stone buildings" When did Midieval extend to the 17th century? Jpg1954 (talk) 14:48, 14 July 2011 (UTC)
 * I think I could have worded that better. The core is medieval for sure, but the standing buildings are 17th-18th century. From source #2 "The overall form of the conservation area is derived from the irregular street pattern and high density of the medieval core. The street pattern was established by the Danes in the 9th century and was influenced by the topography of the river." - Dave Crosby (talk) 18:12, 14 July 2011 (UTC)

Stamford University?
Stamford University mentions:
 * The legendary Stamford University founded by Bladud c. 740 BC
 * The university at Stamford, England founded by Oxford rebels in 1333.
 * The aspirational title of New College, Stamford

The first two aren't mentioned here. The first is merely legendary, but might be worth a mention. The second is definitely of interest.

I hadn't even heard of the town until today, but just thought I'd suggest this. --Chriswaterguy talk 04:40, 25 May 2012 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 06:52, 30 April 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140219084259/http://www.stamfordhistory.org.uk/publications/queen-eleanors-cross to http://www.stamfordhistory.org.uk/publications/queen-eleanors-cross
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150315030250/http://www.lincolnshire.gov.uk/visiting/museums/discover-stamford/ to http://www.lincolnshire.gov.uk/visiting/museums/discover-stamford/

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External links modified
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Population updated based on 2011 Census
I have updated the population from the 2001 Census to the 2011 Census. In 2011, this comprised four wards (electoral districts) within the town. Details of population by ward: Total: 19,701
 * All Saints 5,113
 * St George's 4,019
 * St Mary's 4,660
 * Stamford St John's 5,909

This total does include part of the parish of St Martin's Without, but not the part that is in Cambridgeshire (administratively Peterborough City Council), which explains the apparent reduction in population.

Links to all the wards in South Kesteven are available on the UK National Statistics (UKNS) website.

I have cited all four UKNS pages, since there is no single UKNS page for Stamford, but this may be too verbose. Further edits welcome, of course. David Hume (talk) 06:26, 4 July 2018 (UTC)

Landmarks
I am adding citations for Stamford's status as the first conservation area in England and Wales, its 600 listed buildings etc. However, I can find no evidence for the statement, "Since then, the whole of the old town and St Martin's has been made an outstanding area of architectural or historic interest that is of national importance" -- although the statement is widely quoted elsewhere! So I plan to delete the sentence. Feedback/correction welcome, of course. David Hume (talk) 10:07, 4 July 2018 (UTC)

Five Boroughs of the Danelaw
In that article, Five Boroughs of the Danelaw, it says: "The West Saxon Ealdorman Aethelnoth invaded the area around Stamford in the summer of 894, but the town was not besieged and Danish rule remained unaffected." This article does not reflect that, and makes no mention of a Danish presence before the following century. Stamford being one of the Five Boroughs, this part of its history is important. Boscaswell  talk  02:08, 2 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Stamford, Lincolnshire


text:
Talk:...Or Stay Tuned

Untitled
Can anyone get a french wikipedia account? it wont accept mine. It says i can't renew my old accounts. I havn't got any Fr. Wikipedia accounts! And ofcourse u can't create a page without a login! so heres the page i want some1 2 copy 2 the french version... but getrid of and

'"... Ou le Séjour '" Accordé est un EP Prolongé par le les Gens Sous les Escaliers.

Empreintes énumérant
I move like a shadow
 * 'Production' – 3:46
 * 'Plunken'Em' – 4:20
 * 'Roadbeaters' – 4:10
 * 'La Chanson d'Amour de Mouche' – 5:48
 * 'Drumbox' – 4:08
 * 'Le Remélange d'OST' – 4:13
 * 'Yo' – 3:56
 * 'L.A. La chanson' – 5:04
 * 'Les Chevaliers de SF le Remélange' (remélangé par le Flic d'Âme) – 0:37
 * 'Prenez le Fruit' – 3:11
 * 'Distancé' – 3:28

Dead link
During several automated bot runs the following external link was found to be unavailable. Please check if the link is in fact down and fix or remove it in that case!

 * http://putsonline.co.uk/records/puts/orstaytuned.htm
 * In ...Or Stay Tuned on 2011-05-20 21:28:23, 404 Not Found
 * In ...Or Stay Tuned on 2011-05-31 04:38:22, 404 Not Found

--JeffGBot (talk) 04:38, 31 May 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:...Or Stay Tuned


text:
User talk:Jasmin Germann~enwiki

Greetings. I´m looking for Wikipedians who speak German to translate the few sentences in German in the article Anuschka Tischer. If you could help me out, I would be really thankful. Cheers from Brazil. Doidimais Brasil 21:25, August 27, 2005 (UTC)

It was only a pleasure to edit your Portuguese user page. I hope you like it:. Warm cheers from Brazil. Doidimais Brasil 00:33, September 10, 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Jasmin Germann. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Jasmin Germann~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 00:38, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 14:16, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jasmin Germann~enwiki


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Bud Theisen

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was to delete the article. --Canderson7 23:03, September 5, 2005 (UTC)

Bud Theisen
nn vanity Groeck 21:25, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Wow, a "Web project" with "words and images"! Kind of like this page which I vote to delete.    Paul Klenk 21:30, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * A7 speedy no claim to notability other than having a website and a blog. Capitalistroadster 22:06, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity page. Andrew pmk | Talk 23:27, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per Capitalistroadster. -- DS1953 23:51, August 27, 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:Gurston Down Motorsport Hillclimb

Name of article
If you do a Google search for "Gurston Down", the resulting text includes the phrase "Official site of the Gurston Down Motorsport Hillclimb" - so in spite of the fact that the official site largely ignores the word "Motorsport", I've put it in as it seems to be the proper full name. There are redirects from Gurston Down hillclimb etc so it shouldn't matter too much. Loganberry (Talk) 21:26, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

Downhill section
It's true that Gurston is the only hill which has a downhill start, but it's not the only one with a downhill section, as Loton Park has one. Loganberry (Talk) 14:57, 5 June 2006 (UTC)

re: Downhill section
Correct me if I'm wrong, but I believe that the start line at Wiscombe Hill, near Branscombe in Devon, is also downhill. The marshalls used to use a wooden block to stop the cars rolling forward through the timing beam, as I remember. Spjspencer (talk) 20:42, 7 October 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Gurston Down Motorsport Hillclimb


text:
User talk:Anastasia1~enwiki

Greetings. I´m looking for Wikipedians who speak German to translate the few sentences in German in the article Anuschka Tischer. If you could help me out, I would be really thankful. Cheers from Brazil. Doidimais Brasil 21:27, August 27, 2005 (UTC)

Intresting Ayyavazhi Family
Hai Anastasia, there are intresting articles about Ayyavazhi, a new religion on both mythology and religiosity. Wikipedia is rich with this topic in English, but poor in other languages. Since french is a leading language in Wikipedia it is better to translate the contents on this AYYAVAZHI family to french. - Paul Raj

WikiProject Munich
I noticed you're a good German speaker. I'm wondering if you could help out at WikiProject Munich. Maybe you could help out with the project's Translation page. If you're interested, you can sign up here. Kingjeff 03:56, 20 November 2006 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Anastasia1. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Anastasia1~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 21:53, 19 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 10:26, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Anastasia1~enwiki


text:
Four-Stage Theory of the Republic of China

The Four-Stage Theory of the Republic of China or the Theory of the Four Stages of the Republic of China is a viewpoint proposed by Chen Shui-bian, the President of the Republic of China from 2000 to 2008, in 2005. It is a viewpoint regarding the political status of the Republic of China, whose government retreated to the island of Taiwan after the Chinese Civil War in 1949. The main idea of the theory is that the time line for the development of the Republic of China can be classified into four stages, which are:

 * 1) The Republic of China on the mainland (中華民國在大陸; Zhōnghuá Mínguó zài Dàlù), 1912–1949
 * 2) The Republic of China arrival to Taiwan (中華民國來臺灣; Zhōnghuá Mínguó lái Táiwān), 1949–1988, before Lee Teng-hui's presidency
 * 3) The Republic of China on Taiwan (中華民國在臺灣; Zhōnghuá Mínguó zài Táiwān), 1988–2000, during Lee Teng-hui's presidency
 * 4) The Republic of China is Taiwan (中華民國是臺灣; Zhōnghuá Mínguó shì Táiwān), 2000–now, during Chen Shui-bian's presidency

Illumination
By this theory, Chen pointed out that the Republic of China was at the 4th stage after the first ruling party rotation of the central government in 2000. That is, Taiwan, with the official name called the "Republic of China", is already an independent sovereign state separate from People's Republic of China. This theory is welcomed by the mainstream of the Pan-Green coalition (led by the Democratic Progressive Party) in Taiwan, which supports eventual de jure Taiwan independence; but is not welcomed by most members of the Pan-Blue coalition (Kuomintang), which supports the eventual reunification of Taiwan with mainland China as part of a single "Chinese nation". Some members of the more strongly pro-independence Taiwan Solidarity Union also oppose this view since they deem the ROC to be an illegitimate foreign and colonial regime that should be replaced by the proposed "Republic of Taiwan". The Pan-Blue Coalition agrees with the first three stages, but disagrees with the fourth stage, and prefers to maintain the distinction between the "Republic of China" (the polity) and "Taiwan" (part of the territory the polity governs). The government of the People's Republic of China has also voiced opposition against the fourth stage on the grounds that such an interpretation is a step closer to de jure Taiwan independence. (Officially, the PRC claims the existence of the ROC only until 1949.)

Development
Both the Free China Journal and the Free China Weekly often referred to the polity as the "Republic of China on Taiwan" prior to Lee Teng-hui taking office as the first Taiwan-born president of the Republic of China. During Lee's administration, the term remained in use,    and he used the term in his speech at Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States in June 1995. It was used to identify the Republic of China with its remaining major component – the island of Taiwan, as opposed to its decades-long claim to all China since losing the civil war in 1949. Prior to this speech, the government officials used "Republic of China" when the name of the state was used. Lee's usage is considered as a departure from the convention, as this usage can be interpreted in the sense that the Republic of China's sovereignty does not extend to mainland China, which the People's Republic of China controls.

The Democratic Progressive Party's 1999 Resolution on Taiwan's Future, which is accorded equivalent status as the Party charter, serves as the baseline of debates toward the "status quo". According to the 1999 Resolution: "Taiwan is a sovereign and independent state and that its national title is the ROC." In other words, "Taiwan is the ROC".

During the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) administration under Chen Shui-bian, he directed that all government publications and websites to use the form "Republic of China (Taiwan)." These two variations have been used under their respective administrations for the ROC/Taiwan petition to join the United Nations. Unlike the Cold War era when the KMT-controlled ROC competed with the PRC as the legitimate representative of China (including Taiwan), during Chen Shui-bian's presidency, the ROC did not seek to be the representative of China (i.e. it does not seek the PRC's seat on the Security Council or its ouster) and stresses in its petitions that it was only seeking to represent the people of the land under its effective control (i.e. UN's principle of universality).

On October 8, 2011, the eve of the centennial celebration of the founding of the Republic of China on October 10, the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) Chairperson Tsai Ing-wen and the presidential candidate for the 2012 Taiwan presidential election explained her stance on the existence of the Republic of China on Taiwan as "...the Republic of China has lost the land on which it was originally established. It only exists in Taiwan. It has merged into the land and people of Taiwan. Today, the majority of the people in Taiwan can agree that Taiwan is the Republic of China, and the Republic of China is Taiwan.", "Taiwan is a sovereign and independent country", and "...after we began directly electing our president, the current Republic of China government is no longer a foreign government. It is now the government of Taiwan."

Historian Chen Yi-shen said "many are aware that the ROC and Taiwan are two faces of the same coin" and Tsai's ROC was an extension of the ROC from former presidents Lee Teng-hui and Chen Shui-bian. While some understood "elections have their own languages", many Taiwanese, including former DPP Chairman and former president of the Examination Yuan Yao Chia-wen, are absolutely against the ROC and insist "we need to promote the rectification of our nation's name to the Republic of Taiwan".

Tsai won the 2016 Taiwan presidential election and sworn in as first female President of the ROC on May 20.


text: Talk:Arecibo, Puerto Rico

title: Talk:Arecibo, Puerto Rico


text:
Talk:Dyadic product

Question on dyadic product
Is the tensor product of a row vector $$\mathbf{v}$$ with a column vector $$\mathbf{u}$$ still called a dyadic product? For example:

$$ \mathbf{v} \otimes \mathbf{u} = \begin{bmatrix} v_1 & v_2 & v_3 \end{bmatrix} \otimes \begin{bmatrix} u_1 \\ u_2 \\ u_3 \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} v_1u_1 & v_1u_2 & v_1u_3 \\ v_2u_1 & v_2u_2 & v_2u_3 \\ v_3u_1 & v_3u_2 & v_3u_3 \end{bmatrix} $$

The indices in the definitions would have to be swapped in that case. --RainerBlome 21:28, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Technically, tensor products of vectors (and vectors themselves) are defined without a particular matrix structure in mind (i.e., "row" versus "column" is unimportant), so the question is one of representation only. The ordering of (column) x (row) is chosen to match the intuition of matrix multiplication, creating a square matrix that represents the dyadic product of the two original vectors.  The only reason for using "column vector" and "row vector" is to make their matrix representations intuitive, so if we're going to change or generalize anything, we should emphasize that "row" and "column" are only important in representing dyadic products, not in defining them.    Shiznick 06:02, 8 May 2007 (UTC)

Proposed merge into Outer product
Why/how is this any different than the Outer Product? Should it be merged? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 132.170.160.64 (talk) 22:56, 31 March 2008 (UTC)

 * An outer product of two vectors produces another vector, while the dyadic product produces a second-order tensor, a matrix. So, no merger in my opinion. Crowsnest (talk) 23:50, 31 March 2008 (UTC)

 * This is an old discussion, but for the record here's my response. When you say "an outer product of two vectors produces another vector"... which "outer product" are you referring to? I thought the outer product of two vectors produces an order-2 tensor i.e. matrix - see here. The operation there (outer product) is no different to this dyadic product. Maschen (talk) 13:38, 21 August 2012 (UTC)

 * Speaking absurd must be punished. --Javalenok (talk) 08:58, 10 September 2010 (UTC)

 * An outer product in fact yields a second-order tensor/matrix as well...In all honesty, I see no reason for this separate article. Dankatz316 (talk) 22:30, 15 May 2011 (UTC)

 * I oppose such a merge. Looking at Dyadics, it would seem that there is a similarity between a dyadic product and the tensor product of two vectors.  To call the dyadic product a second-order tensor may not be such a good idea though: dyadics seems to be part of polyadics, an algebraic system similar to but not quite the full tensor algebra. The notation is a little different and to merge any mention of dyadics or polyadics into an article on tensors would only serve to make that article considerably more confusing. My suggestion is to keep the tensor and polyadics articles completely separate aside from a possible mention of their similarity. — Quondum☏✎ 17:17, 15 January 2012 (UTC)

 * merge -- in what way is it similar to but not quite the full tensor algebra ? The two references given are modern textbooks on electromagnetism, and we know, from electromagnetism, that these really are tensor products, etc.  I would be much happier if the reference was  devoted to dyadic algebra as such, rather than a one-off physics book.  Similarly, a clear statement that "dyadic algebra is like tensor algebra, except that axiom blah blah is not used", or whatever. Otherwise, I see no clear distinction, just a somewhat awkward notation.  linas (talk) 18:55, 3 July 2012 (UTC)
 * The dyadic product is the tensor product of two 1-vectors/1-forms, whereas the tensor product applies more generally: to tensors of arbitrary order. Given that this distinction can easily be made clear, I withdraw any objection to merging. What I meant by the "full tensor algebra" is perhaps also an arcane point, relating to how tensors of different order may be added in the formal algebra, apparenlty not considered in polyadics. — Quondum☏ 10:13, 19 August 2012 (UTC)

Merger of Dyadics into Dyadic product
I oppose to a merger of "dyadics" into this article, because Further, the "dyadics" article needs some wikification. Crowsnest (talk) 17:59, 18 July 2008 (UTC)
 * 1) "dyadic product" is only a sub-operation of "dyadics", so if there has to be a merger, it has to be the other way around, and
 * 2) "dyadic product" is the most used operation of the "dyadics", and deserves an article on its own.

 * support merge -- the only two references in dyadics are two modern books on electromagnetism! And we know that in electromagnetism, the usual scalar, vector, tensor products work as usual; there is no distinct notion. linas (talk) 18:48, 3 July 2012 (UTC)

Undefined multiplication in 4th and 5th identities
Given that all u, v and w are vectors, I don't understand the unsigned multiplication used in the 4th and 5th identities of the paragraph "Identities". I usually use unsigned multiplication for scalar multiplication (i.e. a scalar times a vector or tensor) and for outer (or dyadic) product between two vectors (or higher order tensors). I'm not a mathematician and I came here because I needed some practical identities regarding outer product. I think it would be useful for nonmathematicians if a definition or a reference of the unsigned multiplication is given, because it is evidently not what it is usually supposed to be (neither scalar multiplication nor dyadic product). Thanks. Eratostene — Preceding unsigned comment added by Eratostene (talk • contribs) 17:56, 5 October 2011 (UTC)

If you do the dot-product multiplication first in either identity's right-hand side, you see there is no "undefined multiplication", since the remaining operation is multiplication of a vector by a scalar. 68.164.80.215 (talk) 18:19, 2 August 2012 (UTC)

Someone SHOULD merge this article
There is really no need for this article, its just a bit confusing to have a small article for something just because it has more than one name. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2.123.253.142 (talk) 23:30, 20 January 2012 (UTC)
 * I landed here via Random Article. I've been trying to figure out what any of the sentences in this article or talk page mean. I have absolutely NO CLUE what this thing is, what it does or if it exists outside the minds of mathematicians. Therefore, I have absolutely NO CLUE if or where it should be merged. But given our agreement that it is a "small article for something" and "just a bit confusing", I feel reasonably confident we must agree on merging as well. I 100% Support whatever you think is best for everyone. InedibleHulk (talk) 07:13, 23 August 2012 (UTC)

"order" vs "rank"?
The introduction distinguishes the "order" and "rank" of the resulting tensor. However, the page on tensors (linked to for both terms) indicates that these terms mean the same thing. So what exactly is meant by "order" and "rank" here? 98.223.186.49 (talk) 09:57, 25 May 2012 (UTC)

 * The words are not used consistently historically (especially rank being used for two distinct concepts), but usage seems IMO to be converging on the usage in this article (at least within Wikipedia). Preferably, the tensor article should be updated to be clearer on the definition of order, and rank (at least for order-2 tensors) is defined in the article on matrices.  The links in the lead here are a mess, though. — Quondum☏ 15:51, 27 May 2012 (UTC)

For the record...
Given the consensus to merge this article into the other dyadics articles (see WP Maths), the merge is effectivley pre-done and can be inserted into dyadic tensor, although I plan to add/tweak more.

It conflicts the idea of merging this article into outer product, so to try and fix that a statement of the equivalence between "dyadic = outer = tensor" product in the context of dyadics, including the notation, has been added in this section. Maschen (talk) 11:25, 23 August 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dyadic product


text:
Back to the Future: The Ride

Back to the Future: The Ride was a simulator ride located at several Universal Destinations & Experiences locations. The first installation opened on May 2, 1991, at the World Expo area of Universal Studios Florida in Orlando, Florida. A second installation opened on June 12, 1993, in the Hollywood Lot area of Universal Studios Hollywood in Universal City, California. A third installation opened on March 31, 2001, in the San Francisco area of Universal Studios Japan in Osaka, Japan. Based on the Back to the Future franchise, the ride is a first person adventure that takes place after the events depicted in Back to the Future Part III. Riders engage in a race through time in pursuit of Biff Tannen, who has stolen the DeLorean time machine.

Steven Spielberg, looking to match the success of the Star Tours ride at Disneyland, served as the ride's creative consultant. Declining popularity in the early 2000s led to the ride's eventual closure in 2007, although the version at Universal Studios Japan continued to operate until 2016. The Simpsons Ride opened in its place at Universal Studios Hollywood and Universal Studios Florida, while Despicable Me Minion Mayhem opened in its place at Universal Studios Japan.

Development and opening
The idea of a Back to the Future–based ride was first discussed in a 1986 meeting between Steven Spielberg and MCA Planning and Development's Peter N. Alexander on the Universal Studios Hollywood backlot on the eve of the debut of the King Kong Encounter scene for the park's Studio Tour. Spielberg recalled how his friend George Lucas had just taken him for a ride on Lucas' Star Tours ride at Disneyland, telling Spielberg that Universal "could never do a Star Tours". Spielberg requested that Alexander see what he could do with Back to the Future. At the time, the proposed concept of the Universal Studios Florida project was put on hold and considered to be dead, and, according to Alexander, Spielberg's suggestion helped to bring the project back to life.

Initial planning for the ride began in 1988. A roller coaster was the original concept for a Back to the Future ride, but designers realized it would be too hard to effectively tell a story due to the fast motion. The second concept of a simulator ride ultimately came to fruition. Riders would board motion-based vehicles modeled after the DeLorean featured in the films, and watch a film projected onto a large, dome-shaped IMAX screen. During the development of the ride, the designers traveled with foam models of the DeLorean to the Expo Centre in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, where an OMNIMAX theatre was the setting for trial runs of the ride's film. Intamin was eventually contracted to develop the ride system for the attraction.

The ride was first publicly announced in February 1989 as one of the many ones being added as part of the new Universal Studios Florida theme park, scheduled for opening in mid-1990; it was also later confirmed in July that it will be a 1991 addition to Universal Studios Hollywood. Construction problems caused the attractions at both parks to have delayed openings. The one at Universal Studios Florida officially opened on May 2, 1991, costing $40 million. Foundation issues for the Universal Studios Hollywood attraction delayed its opening to June 12, 1993, resulting in the total cost of it being put at $60 million.

On March 31, 2001, a third installation of the ride opened at the new Universal Studios Japan theme park in Osaka, Japan. In 2015, The Back to the Future gift shop in Universal Studios Japan was replaced by Minion Mart, a Despicable Me 2-themed store.

Closure
By the early 2000s, the popularity of Back to the Future: The Ride was in decline. Universal was also in the process of replacing other older attractions with modern intellectual properties. In mid-2006, industry insiders speculated that the Florida installation would be closing. Several reports indicated it would be replaced by an attraction based on either The Simpsons TV series or The Fast and the Furious film franchise. On September 7, 2006, Universal Studios Florida officially confirmed the ride's closure. According to a Universal spokesman, the park had not formalized any plans for a replacement but decided to close one half of it immediately to "explore possibilities for future rides". The full ride's closure was initially suggested by media to be as early as October, but the closure was delayed to 2007. Two of the simulators were closed in early 2007 and on March 30, the attraction would give its final rides.

The Hollywood location publicly closed on Labor Day, September 3, 2007. In commemoration of its final month of operation, a special event was held with Christopher Lloyd and Bob Gale beginning the countdown to the ride's closure in early August. Additionally, a contest was announced with the grand prize winner receiving a classic 1981 DeLorean.

A new attraction based on the animated sitcom The Simpsons, known officially as The Simpsons Ride, opened in place of the ride at Universal Studios Florida on May 15, 2008. At Universal Studios Hollywood, the same replacement occurred four days later. The previous construction walls of The Simpsons Ride pay homage to the retired ride, which depict the Comic Book Guy wearing Marty's futuristic jacket from Back to the Future Part II. Also, in the satirical queue-line video, an animated Doc Brown (voiced by Christopher Lloyd) attempts to borrow money from a loan office to save the Institute of Future Technology. However, Professor Frink crashes back in time in a DeLorean and crushes the banker, and Doc is upset that he must "sell the Institute of Future Technology to that mercenary clown!".

The ride in Japan was closed on May 31, 2016, and was replaced by Despicable Me Minion Mayhem, opening on April 21, 2017.

Home media
About two years after the ride opened, one of its employees recorded the entire ride projector footage, in-car footage, and pre-ride line footage from the master laserdiscs to a VHS tape and sold bootleg copies of it. Copies can still be found in online auctions, and some footage has been posted on YouTube. As a result, in February 2009, Universal included all of the queue, pre-show and ride footage on the 2009 DVD re-release of Back to the Future as part of a second bonus disc and on Blu-ray releases since 2010. The home release includes some minor edits in the queue video portions.

Plot
Following the events of Back to the Future Part III, Dr. Emmett "Doc" Brown moves to the present time in Hill Valley where, in 1991, he founded the Institute of Future Technology, a scientific institute specializing in his "futuristic" inventions. On May 2, 1991, he invites tourists into the facility as "volunteers" in order to test out his newest invention, the eight-passenger DeLorean time machine, by traveling one day into the future.

Meanwhile, Doc travels to 2015 in the original DeLorean (a new time machine being built out of another DeLorean) to make sure the space time continuum is back to normal after the events of his previous time traveling adventures, while his other Institute scientists traveled to 1885 and 1955. However, in 1955, Biff Tannen stows away on the IFT scientists' time machine, hitching a ride back to the present-day Institute, which sets up the ride's main storyline.

Queue
Visitors to the Institute wait outside the facility. The queue video features clips from the Back to the Future trilogy, as well as new footage featuring Doc, diagrams for other innovations, ostensibly created by him, newsreel footage of him with Albert Einstein and other historical figures, and a "live" video feed from 2015 in which he explains the experiment.

Pre-show
Riders enter the ride as "volunteers" for the time travel experiment at the Institute of Future Technology. Doc explains that the plan was for them to travel one day into the future, but caution must be exercised as Biff, who graduated from Hill Valley High School in 1955, has escaped his time period and is now running amok in the space-time continuum. Once inside, Doc reveals some of the inventions he had been working on, including his "crowning achievement" – an 8-passenger DeLorean time machine (also a convertible), which is what the riders will be using in the experiment. Unbeknownst to Doc, Biff has infiltrated the Institute – he appears to the riders, asking for assistance in finding Doc's time machine. Heather then announces that the pre-flight system checks were in progress and informs the riders to stand by for an announcement from Doc.

Biff traps Doc in his office, and it was revealed that when one of the time traveling teams was conducting an experiment back in 1955, Biff stowed away. He takes the DeLorean and vanishes into time. Worried about the havoc Biff will cause to the space-time continuum, Doc frantically pleads with the riders to assist him and says that the only way to bring Biff back to the present is to accelerate to 88 miles per hour and bump him (which will open a time vortex that will send both time vehicles back to their original point of departure); they enter the 8-passenger time machine, led by one of Doc's assistants; after going over final safety instructions. Doc then informs the riders that the time vehicle Biff has stolen had a sub-ether time-tracking scanner; that way whatever time period he may be, the riders' vehicle will pin-point to that exact location. They then follow Biff into time.

Ride
When the time machine's doors close, Doc uses his remote control to control it, hover it, and accelerate to 88 miles per hour (with electric sparks coming from it, speeding through the open door and passing through the wormhole) and the ride begins. First, Biff leads the riders to Hill Valley in 2015 where they chase him through town. They smash into neon signs, fly over neighborhoods and the town square, and the chase culminates at the iconic clock tower. He then departs for the ice age. The riders follow, and slowly lower into the icy caverns. Biff honks his horn, causing an avalanche that damages the riders' vehicle. Flying out of the caverns, the riders see Biff shoot away into time, but their own engine had failed, and begins to plummet down a chasm. Doc manages to restart the vehicle, accelerating backward and through time into the Cretaceous Period.

Upon arriving, the clock display on the DeLorean's dashboard blinks 12:00, as a reference to a VCR that had lost power. The riders follow Biff's vehicle into a dormant volcano in which a Tyrannosaurus is discovered. Biff goads it into attacking the riders, who barely escape. It strikes Biff's vehicle, sending it flying out of control; the dinosaur then swallows the riders' vehicle, but spits it out mere seconds later. It then drops down onto a lava river to see Biff's DeLorean, now damaged and unable to maneuver, moving down an active lava flow toward the edge of a cliff, with Biff pleading for help from Doc. As both vehicles plunge over the edge, the riders' one accelerates to time travel speed and bumps Biff's, sending both of them back through the vortex to the original point of departure – the present, at the Institute of Future Technology (in which they crash through the Back to the Future logo in front), where Biff get out and thanks the riders and Doc for saving his life, but is soon seized by security. Riders exit the vehicle, as Doc thanks them and reminds them that, "The future is what you make it!" An animated logo of the Institute of Future Technology flashes up on the screen with the words "Please lift lap bar and exit" and after a few seconds Doc warns, "Hurry up! Get out! Before you meet yourself coming in!" As guests leave, the song "Back in Time" plays.

Ride system
The ride was a motion simulator with the DeLoreans located under a 70-foot (21.3–m) OMNIMAX Dome screen. Each of the 24 vehicles (12 per dome) were mounted on three pistons, allowing it to rise, fall, and tilt, following the motion on the screen. The vehicles were arranged on three tiers and were staggered to prevent riders from seeing the other vehicles in the theater. The front section rose eight feet (2.4 m) out of the "garage" when "flying". The actual range of motion from the simulator base was about two feet (0.6 m) in any direction. The motion and the visual input from the screens images, as well as physical effects like wind, water, and smoke, combined to make the guest riders feel as if they were in a high-speed pursuit.

The ride was actually composed of two OMNIMAX Dome screens with vehicles arranged around them. The experience of both was identical, but the ride enjoyed a very reliable in-service record as a result. If one screen was shut down by a mechanical problem, the other ordinarily remained in service. This increased wait times, but essentially eliminated a complete shutdown of the ride as a whole.

Onboard monitor
All onboard video for each simulator was played back from a LaserDisc onto a monitor within the vehicle. , Car #8's onboard video still exists and is dated December 10, 1990. It is unknown which version of the attraction the video comes from.

Ride film
Although Back to the Future creators Robert Zemeckis and Bob Gale had no involvement with the ride, they were consulted as to whether they "got Doc right". They responded with a "yes" and also commented that "it's a great ride". In addition, references were made to a "Zemeckis-Gale diagram" and "Gale-Zemeckis Coordinates". When the ride footage was made, computer animation was not widely used, so all the special effects, sets, and other things in it were actually very detailed miniature sets recorded in stop motion filming. The miniature sets were large, with the replica 2015 buildings as much as half a grown man, and the Tyrannosaurus model being about 7 feet tall. The Institute of Future Technology that the riders crashed into at the end of the ride was actually a model of the Florida version of the building.

Cast
The film produced for Universal Studios parks in the United States saw Christopher Lloyd and Thomas F. Wilson reprise their roles as Doc Brown and Biff Tannen, respectively. Darlene Vogel starred as Heather, a receptionist for the Institute of Future Technology (IFT). Members of the production crew were also featured in the film. Directors Douglas Trumbull and David de Vos starred as IFT scientists, while Michael Klastorin who was a unit publicist for the second and third films, was an IFT security guard in the ride's film. Frank Welker provided the vocal effects for the Tyrannosaurus.

Prior to the ride's debut at Universal Studios Japan, new audio was recorded in Japanese and was dubbed over the original cast. In the Japanese version, Takeshi Aono and Takashi Taniguchi voiced Doc Brown and Biff Tannen, respectively. Chinami Nishimura provided the voice for Heather and Shigeru Ushiyama and Kaneta Kimotsuki voiced the IFT scientists.

Crew

 * Ride Film Directed by: Douglas Trumbull
 * Pre-Show Directed by: Les Mayfield and David deVos
 * Written by: Peyton Reed
 * Music Composed by: Alan Silvestri
 * Executive Produced, Created and Written by: Peter Alexander
 * Produced by: Sherry McKenna, Craig Barr, Philip Hettema and Terry Winnick
 * Production Executives: Jay Stein and Barry Upson
 * Based on characters created by: Robert Zemeckis and Bob Gale
 * Creative Consultant: Steven Spielberg
 * Designed by: Universal Creative and Berkshire Ridefilm
 * Distributed by: Universal Studios

Additional notes

 * Although Doc's wife, Clara Clayton, did not appear in the ride, a picture of her with him could be seen in his office in the pre-show video as well as in the pre-flight briefing room.
 * Michael J. Fox was asked to reprise his role as Marty McFly in the ride as Doc's personal assistant and test volunteer, but he turned it down. He could still be seen in the queue video, within archive footage of the films.
 * The iconic clock tower had apparently been repaired between the events of Back to the Future Part II and those of the ride, as it could briefly be seen displaying the correct time rather than being stopped at 10:04.
 * Infamously, a misplaced styrofoam cup can be briefly spotted between two buildings in the 2015 section of the ride.
 * One of the early versions of the Ride footage, uploaded on YouTube, shows Biff exiting the vehicle, thanking Doc for saving his life and goading riders as usual. The difference in this footage shows Biff screaming as he is showered with manure from the ceiling ducts, to which Biff responds, "Manure!! I HATE MANURE!!!"

Universal Studios Hollywood 1993 Promo Raffle
At the inauguration of Back to the Future The Ride in 1993, Universal Studios Hollywood staged a promo raffle with a DeLorean today known as VIN #10902 up for grabs. Two contests were organized, but in both cases the winners preferred the prize money and not the car prize, which was subsequently kept in the warehouses of Universal Studios Hollywood.

Memorabilia
In keeping with the theme of the ride, many prop-replicas from the films were on display as guests lined up. Notable items included the Hoverboards from the second and third movies and letters from Doc Brown to Marty McFly. The locomotive from the third film and one of the modified DeLoreans were on display outside the ride; the DeLorean outside the Florida ride was removed on September 3, 2007, later to be seen with Doc driving it until it was put on display outside of Soundstage 54.

The Jules Verne time train from the third film was also on display outside the Florida ride until it was removed on July 24, 2007. After being sighted in various prop warehouses, it is currently on display with the DeLorean in the Hollywood section of the park. It has recently been relocated near the ride, and has undergone some minor restoration.

title: Back to the Future: The Ride


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/BUsiness Partnerships and Charities

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Woohookitty 11:54, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

BUsiness Partnerships and Charities
nn vanity/advertising; little context between headline and text Groeck 21:31, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom Quicksandish 22:05, August 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete.  Paul Klenk 22:27, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom. -- DS1953 23:49, August 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes delete for above reasons. --Bhadani 14:08, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete ad. Mindmatrix 21:22, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Pyrazoline

Pyrazoline is a heterocyclic chemical compound with the molecular formula C3H6N2.

title: Pyrazoline


text:
Levin Ludwig Schücking

Levin Ludwig Schücking (29 May 1878, Steinfurt, Westphalia – 12 October 1964, Farchant) was a German scholar of the English language and English literature.

Life
He was the major figure of his time in Germany in English studies, as professor at Leipzig University (he was the director of its English Department from 1925 to 1944). His book Die Soziologie der Literarischen Geschmacksbildung  (München: Rösl & Cie.,1923) won international recognition (English translation: The Sociology of Literary Taste London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co. Ltd., 1945).

He was known also for his studies of Old English literature, and Shakespeare.

In 1933, Schücking signed the "Vow of allegiance of the Professors of the German Universities and High-Schools to Adolf Hitler and the National Socialistic State" (Bekenntnis der Professoren an den deutschen Universitäten und Hochschulen zu Adolf Hitler und dem nationalsozialistischen Staat), but later he was an opponent.

He was the oldest son of Paulus and Catharina Schücking, which made him the nephew of writer Levin Schücking.

Works translated

 * The Sociology of Literary Taste London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co. Ltd., 1945.
 * The meaning of Hamlet (Barnes & Noble 1966)
 * The Puritan family: A social study from the literary sources (Schocken Books 1970)
 * The Baroque Character Of The Elizabethan Tragic Hero (Kessinger Publishing, LLC, 2007)
 * Character Problems in Shakespeare's Plays: A Guide to the Better Understanding of the Dramatist (University of Michigan Library 2009).

title: Levin Ludwig Schücking


text:
Monagas State Anthem

The anthem for the Monagas State, Venezuela, was written by Idelfonso Núñez; it has music by Carlos Mohle.

title: Monagas State Anthem