text:
Palmas, Tocantins

Palmas (, Palm trees; Akwẽ-Xerénte: Akwẽ krikahâzawre wam hã ) is the capital and largest city of the state of Tocantins, Brazil. According to IBGE estimates from 2020, the city had 306,296 inhabitants.

Palmas is located at the state's geographic centre at an average altitude of 230 m (755 ft). The city is located between the Serra do Lajeado hills on the east and the Tocantins River on the west. Palmas has a metropolitan area with 471,639 inhabitants.

Palmas was founded in 1990 and developed from the ground up in a former agricultural area as the capital of the new state of Tocantins, formed under the 1988 constitution. It was intended to develop a relatively undeveloped area of the nation to provide better jobs for people. The city has a well-designed road system, and its urban zoning is modeled on that of Brasília, the national capital. A symmetrical park lies at the city centre, and a large central avenue similar to Brasília's extends north to south. The city is home to the Federal University of Tocantins.

In 2002, the was completed on the Tocantins River, creating a large reservoir and giving the city new beaches. The project also included construction of a huge bridge: the, 8 km long, connects Palmas with the major highway BR-153 and the district of Luzimangues in Porto Nacional.

The Palmas Airport connects Palmas with many Brazilian cities.

History
The area where Palmas was built was originally used for agriculture. Before 1990, the only village in the location was Vila Canela (near the river Tocantins, and near the Graciosa beach). The village and the beach were often flooded as the new reservoir lake was developed. The flat area of Palmas is between the river and the Serra do Lajeado hills in the east, and the vegetation is the typical cerrado. In 1989 Miracema was the temporary capital of the state.

The new capital was initially designed by the architects Luiz Fernando Cruvinel Teixeira and Walfredo de Oliveira Filho. From 20 May 1989, some of the roads and baracas were built. The government had decided to develop the capital on the east side of the river, in order to stimulate development on the east side of the state. This is also the geodesic center of Brazil.

Before the dam was constructed and the reservoir developed, the Tocantins River made curves, forming what would look like the letter S when looking at it from a bird's eye view. It is said that developer Siquera Campos enjoyed the S-like formation, and that added to the choice of the location for Palmas. When the area was chosen in January 1989, Campos decided he wanted the Palacio (the state headquarter) to be built on the highest place in Palmas. Although the architects said the hill was too soft to build on, it was still built. The temporary Palacinho (said to be the first building in Palmas) is standing, but it has been replaced by another Palacio, constructed nearby. The Palacinho is kept as a monument of the early development, and since 2002, it has been used as a museum for Tocantins' history.

Geography
Tocantins is a state between the Amazon Rainforest and the coastal savanna. As a result, its geography is varied. Many rivers cross through the state (including the Tocantins River). Researchers have identified more than 20 archaeologically significant sites of early indigenous cultures in the state.

The municipality contains 88% of the 9931 ha Lajeado State Park.

Climate
Most of Tocantins, including where Palmas is located, (except the extreme west and northern regions) is situated within a vast Brazilian area known as the cerrado. The cerrado region's typical climate is hot, semi-humid, with pronounced seasonality marked by a dry winter season from May through September. The annual rainfall is around 800 to 1600 mm. The soils are generally very old, deep, and naturally nutrient-poor.

Palmas is one of the hottest capital cities in Brazil. During the May to September dry season, Palmas can be oppressively hot as temperatures climb into the high 30s (°C). During the October to April rainy season, it is not as hot. The heavy rains and cloud cover keep it much cooler. Palmas receives generous rainfall of about 1,300 mm. It is situated in a 'bow' valley of Rio Tocantins and surrounded by mountains from three sides; with its low elevation, 195 metres above sea level, these factors increase the humidity and discomfort of hot days.

Vegetation
In spite of being technically located in a watershed of the Amazon basin, Palmas has no rainforest. Typical are short shrubland trees common to a cerrado region. While the city layout was being developed, builders preserved many of the original trees, left intact in green areas along the widely spaced avenues. Many street trees in Palmas are much older than the city, which was started in 1990. Man-planted palms also grace the main thoroughfare, Avenida JK.

Economy
Palmas was designed to be the economic and administrative center of Tocantins. The service sector is the main driver of the economy. The share of agriculture in the economy is less than the service sector, being based on small farms around the city and the highways that provide access to Palmas. Larger farms, which cultivate soybeans and raise livestock, are located in the district of Buritirana. The economy is mostly formal, consisting primarily of limited partnerships and sole proprietorships. Micro firms are the most common in the city, where they comprise over 80% of the 4394 companies. The city has four industrial districts, among them the Industrial District of Palmas, Tocantins Industrial District I Industrial District, and Industrial District Tocantins II of Taquaralto. All are located along the highways and TO-050 TO-010.

Today Palmas city has become a center whose trade and economic influence covers the entire state of Tocantins, in addition to the southeastern Pará, the northeastern Mato Grosso, and the southern Maranhão. In town are branches of the following national banks: Banco do Brasil (7 agencies), Bradesco (five agencies, one of Bradesco Prime), Caixa Econômica Federal (4 agencies, 3 more ATM's), Itaú Unibanco (3 agencies), Banco da Amazônia (2 agencies), HSBC (1 agency), Santander (1 agency), Banco BMG (1 agency), Banco Cruzeiro do Sul (1 agency), and Tribanco (1 agency). Palmas has seven self-service terminals of the Banco 24 Horas interbank network. In 2007 the Gross Domestic Product had a strong expansion was estimated at $2.2 billion, driven by investments of the City of Palms in the economy. The increase in GDP of Palmas was 6% and, compared to that of Brazil was very considerable, as the country showed the percentage of 3.5%. By the end of 2007, and capital represented 18.4% of the wealth generated by Tocantins and 0.08% in the country. Due to this growth, Palmas has attracted major investments, such as the Capim Dourado Shopping (inaugurated in August/2010), the multimodal yard of the North-South (located in the municipality of Porto Nacional, on the banks of the TO-080), plus branches of hypermarket networks: Atacadão, Makro, Extra and Assam.

Governance

As in all cities in Brazil, Palmas has separate Executive and Legislative branches of local government, represented by the Mayor of Palmas and the Local Assembly, respectively. Since its founding, Palmas has had 5 elected Mayors. The current incumbent is Cinthia Ribeiro, who succeeded Carlos Amastha (PP).

Mayors

 * Fenelon Barbosa, 1990–1992
 * , 1993-1996
 * Odir Rocha, 1997–2000
 * , 2001-2004
 * , 2005-2012
 * , 2013-2018
 * , 2018-

Sister cities

 * 🇧🇷 Araguaína, Tocantins, Brazil
 * 🇺🇸 Colorado Springs, Colorado, United States

Education
Educational institutions include:
 * Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT)
 * Centro Universitário Luterano de Palmas (Ceulp-Ulbra)
 * Faculdade Católica do Tocantins (Católica do Tocantins)
 * Fundação Universidade do Tocantins (Unitins)
 * Faculdade Objetivo

Tourism
Palmas is close to Taquaruçu, an ecotourism resort and village located in the hills. Its cooler microclimate and natural surroundings attract many tourists from Palmas, other regions of Brazil and abroad. Taquaruçu is famous for the many waterfalls (cachoeiras) surrounding it, where tourists can swim and also practice sports like rappel.

Transport
Palmas is served by a local public bus service and an interstate bus service. Rodoviaria (central bus station) is located at the edge of city, with connections to all capitals of Brazil.

Airport
The city is served by the Palmas Airport. Planned for a population of one million, Palmas airport is uncrowded, with only a few flights per day, mostly to and from Brasília. The airport is 30 km from city center, and is served by city bus (2 buses).

Highways
The Rodovia Coluna Prestes (TO-050) connects the city with Brasília. The Federal Highway (BR-153) connects Palmas north and south through a 60 km drive west to Paraiso de Tocantins. BR-153 is mostly not twinned. The principal avenue of the city is the avenida Theotônio Segurado, connecting the North Director Plan with Taquaralto, on the South Palmas.

Railway
There is no passenger rail service to Palmas. The newly constructed North-South Railway (Ferrovia Norte-Sul), runs near Palmas. It is intended to alleviate Brazil's heavy truck traffic and to carry bulk goods to ports in North-Eastern Brazil.

Sports
In sports, the most notable football club in the city is Palmas FR, which plays at the Nilton Santos Stadium. Palmas has several sports and entertainment clubs, with swimming pools, other sports and cultural programs, clubs such as AABB and SESC.

In August 2014 Palmas was chosen as the first host city of the World Indigenous Games, a multisport competition held in September 2015.

title: Palmas, Tocantins


text:
Truck bedliner

A truck bed liner, or simply a bed liner, is a protector applied or installed into a truck. It can be used to protect the bed of the truck from impact damage and abrasive damage. There are two broad classifications of bed liners: "Drop-in" and "Spray-on/in". "Drop-in" bed liners are installed into a truck bed with limited preparation work and are removable for cleaning. Spray-in bed liners require specific preparation to allow the coating to adhere correctly into the truck bed. How well the coating adheres will determine how long it will last.

History
Protecting the bed of trucks has been around since the inception of the modern pick-up truck in the early 1950s with simple modifications being made such as installing planks of wood to the beds. The Ford F100 featured such options, now done only for cosmetic purposes or restoration. Many owners install a simple sheet of wood as a means to protect the floor from being scratched or dented.

As pickup trucks were designed to haul cargo, a more advanced method was created. Thermoforming, a technique that has been around since the 1940s in acrylics and styrene, would eventually through advances in development and research create the first plastic drop-in bed liner. In 1972, G. Fred Lorenzen filed a patent for a "protective inner liner of a cargo box or body of pickup truck". In 1976, Robert J. Zeffero filed a patent regarding the protection of truck beds with a "cargo box liner for pick-up trucks". In 1983, Penda Corporation along with others would soon figure out a way to replicate the design and start to manufacture their own design of a bed liner.

Drop-in bed liners
Drop-in or plastic bed liners are the most commonly found type, although with the spray-on bed liner industry garnered recognition, drop-ins have lost some value in market share. Drop-ins can usually be installed rather quickly with no major modification made to the bed of the truck except by drilling small holes in key areas to hold it in place in certain applications. Typically made of a polyethylene composite, drop-ins are rigid structures formed to the contours of a specific vehicle model. A newer version of a drop-in bed liner, recently introduced, is composed of separate sides and a rubber mat for the floor made by Dual Liner.

Spray-on bed liners
"Sprayed-on"/"Sprayed-in"/"Spray-on"/"Spray-in" (these terms are used interchangeably in the industry) come in varying formulations and process methods such as high or low pressure, aromatic or aliphatic, polyurea or polyurethane, or hybrid and solvent base. Performance greatly relies on the initial surface preparation done on the bed. It is possible to have the color of the bed liner match that of the vehicle, but with time the color fades from ultraviolet radiation is inevitable.

Aromatic is generally used for black and darker colors and is the least expensive option.

Aliphatic can be a better option for colors because its color is more stable over time in ultraviolet light. It is produced with pure polyurethane, which drives up the cost by approximately 35%. Aliphatic materials can be sprayed in a wide variety of colors, including metallic finishes.

Spray-on bed liners can be applied by roller, low-pressure, cartridge driven by an air compressor, or high-pressure machine.

Environmental conditions such as humidity, temperature, wind, and elevation can affect the curing process of a spray-in bed liner. Nozzle aperture, thinners, and spray pressure can be modified to allow proper distribution of the spray lining chemicals.

Differences in spray-on bed liners
Spray-on bed liner material can vary in texture as well as color. Texture can be smooth for easy cleaning or rough to prevent skidding.

Polyurethane can be sprayed from 1/16 inch to 1/4 inch, depending on the application. Thinner coatings may cost less but can chip and crack. Thicker coatings will alter the shape and size of the truck bed somewhat. For trucks with the most rugged use, Armor Thane sets an optimum thickness for bed liners as 1/4 inch on the bed and wheel wells and 1/8 inch on the sides.

When applied correctly, the value of a truck bed liner is that it resists denting, scratching, and holds its shape firmly, yet is flexible enough to not crack when navigating through rough terrain. Unlike a metal bed, it absorbs vibration to protect cargo. Whereas painted metal will chip and rust under rough conditions, polyurethane coatings prevent damage from scratching and from most chemicals, and therefore avoid rusting.

Spray-on truck bed liners require a professional applicator who has the training and experience to follow the process and deliver a smooth, even surface. The process requires sanding to create a surface for the polyurethane to attach. This allows the polyurethane to bond permanently so it will not bubble even in extreme weather.

The choice of colors is virtually unlimited. A color matching system sprays to OEM specs or owners can choose custom colors. Adding an ultraviolet stabilizer maintains the appearance even in prolonged direct sunlight.

Spray-on bed liner material for other uses
These spray-on polyurethane coatings are not just for truck bed liners. They also protect fenders, bumpers, floorboards, nerf bars, and trim. In fact, whole vehicles have been sprayed. The same polyurethane spray can be applied to emergency vehicles, commercial transport, heavy construction, agriculture equipment, and boats.

Spraying polyurethane serves two purposes. First, it adds years of service by preventing scratching, rusting, and chemical contamination from deteriorating standard OEM paint. Second, it can create a roughed-up, anti-skid or anti-slip surface.

Some polyurea coatings, using a similar spray system, have been applied to military and private vehicles for blast mitigation.

The Myth Busters tested myths about the toughness of spray-on truck bed liner resin in 2011 and confirmed it to be adequate protection against dents in minor crashes (applied on a car), dog bites (applied on a jacket), and explosive blasts (applied on a wooden or brick wall).

Polyurethane spray bed liners
The bed liner industry has created confusion with regard to all the custom polyurea, polyurethane, and polyurea formulations. Each company boasts of its superior durability and profitable dealer opportunities. The reality is that they are all very similar, barring low-quality do-it-yourself products. If you want to learn about the differences between spray bed liners, it is important to understand the differences between polyurethane and polyurea, as well as what is required to achieve different textures and physical properties. Polyureas and polyurethanes have significant differences chemically but act similarly in many applications. For the purpose of bed liners, the big difference is in the application process and the level of isocyanates and VOCs. This is an important aspect of the bed liner industry, as the presence of VOCs and isocyanates prevents the application of spray bed liners in many states, or places restrictions on how the material can be applied.

Other applications
Additives can be applied to coatings to provide different characteristics; the protective coatings can be applied in many other environments and have a variety of needs and purposes besides a simple truck bed liner.

In recent years, it has become more popular to use bed liners to coat the exterior of vehicles as well. This trend is, among other things, due to increased availability and a greater variety of colors offered. Due to the waterproof and the anti-corrosive nature of the polyurethane blends, they are also used as a coating for the interiors of boats.

Super heavy-duty UHMW asphalt liner
The “most versatile” dump bed liner can handle hot asphalt one day and rock/concrete the next, maximizing the usage of dump equipment and lowering maintenance costs.

Heavy-duty UHMW liner
“Heavy Duty” dump body bed liners allow for low scope dumping, and less sticking and freezing while protecting the bed from heavy, abrasive loads in steel and aluminum dump bodies and trailers.

Origin of the polyurethane liner
It was created in 1983, by American Made Liner Systems, now a division of American Made Systems, Inc.

Purpose of the original dump bed liner

 * Permanent protection for dump bodies
 * Lower scope dumping reduces chances of roll-over
 * Less sticking and freezing of loads
 * Higher profits with fewer carrybacks and more hauls per day

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Truck bedliner


text: User talk:85.224.139.125

title: User talk:85.224.139.125


text:
Radim Gaudentius

Radim Gaudentius (svatý Radim, Radzim Gaudenty; c. 970 – c. 1020) was Archbishop of Gniezno and the first Polish archbishop.

Background
Radim was an illegitimate son of White Croatian Prince Slavník, and thus the half-brother of Adalbert of Prague. In 989, the two journeyed to Rome where they joined the Benedictine monastery of Sts. Boniface and Alexius on the Aventine, with Radim adopting the name Gaudencius or Gaudentius. He accompanied Adalbert on his fatal journey to Prussia in 997.

Surviving the mission fatal to his half-brother, back in Rome he related the events of the journey to Abbot John Canaparius, who wrote a biography of Adalbert, and worked to promote his canonization.

Historians are not certain with regards to his date of death, suggesting a range of 1006 to 1022. His date of birth is also an estimate, in the range of late 960s to early 970s.

In Czech Republic he is commemorated as Saint Radim in the national liturgical calendar with an optional memorial on Oct. 12. Commemorated on January 5 in Orthodox Church. See Wikipedia Eastern Orthodox Liturgics.

title: Radim Gaudentius


text:
Mamer

Mamer is a commune and town (strictly classified as a village) in south-western Luxembourg. It is located 7 km west of Luxembourg City. The commune includes both Mamer itself and the smaller communities of Capellen and Holzem. Mamer is situated on the river Mamer, a tributary of the Alzette. The A6 motorway from Luxembourg to Brussels, also designated European route E25, runs through Mamer.

, Mamer, which lies in the east of the commune, has a population of 7,942. The commune as a whole is the eleventh-most populous in the country.

History
The Treveri, a Gallic or Celtic tribe, inhabited the region for several hundred years until they were conquered by Julius Caesar in 54 BC. A Celtic necropolis from the 1st century was discovered in the early 1970s on the Juckelsboesch plateau between Mamer and Kehlen. A beautiful dark blue glass bowl was among the offerings found in the tombs. During the Gallo-Roman era which lasted until about 450, the Romans built and maintained a number of roads in the area including the Kiem (Latin caminus, road) linking Trier to Reims through what is now Mamer. Mambra was a Roman vicus centred on a villa with thermal baths, sited on the banks of the Mamer River at the eastern end of today's Mamer. The Roman settlement was burnt by Germanic invaders around 276. The oldest historical reference to Mamer is to be found in a document which records how, on 8 April 960, Lutgardis, daughter of Wigeric, Count Palatine, made a gift of the hamlet of Mambra to Saint Maximin's Abbey in Trier for the benefit of the monks.

Nicolaus Mameranus was born in Mamer in 1500. A soldier and historian under Charles V, he succeeded in having the Emperor pay for the restoration of the village of Mamer after the Duke of Orléans' troops pillaged it in 1543. In 1555, he was appointed poet laureate.

The road linking Luxembourg City to Brussels, passing through Mamer, was built in 1790. In 1859, the railway to Brussels was opened, with a station in Mamer.

The inhabitants of Mamer suffered under the First and Second World Wars, although the town itself escaped bombing. The Voie de la Liberté commemorating the victorious route of the Allies after the D-Day landings passes through Mamer which was liberated on 10 September 1944.

Since 1945, Mamer has prospered year-by-year as a result of its location close to Luxembourg City and its excellent road and rail connections. In 2003, the Lycée Technique Josy Barthel was opened, as was the Mamer Lycée railway station, which serves it.

Population
The population of Mamer has substantially increased over the past 40 years, reaching 5,047 in 2005 and 8,173 in 2014. Some 46% are foreigners, representing over 60 countries, with significant numbers from Portugal (560), France (478), Belgium (456), Denmark (225), and Germany (214). This can be ascribed to Mamer's development as a commuter town for those working in the international institutions and financial services in and around Luxembourg City.

Local administration
The communal council, with offices at Mamer Castle, consists of 13 members: 6 from the Christian Social People's Party (currently Luxembourg's leading party), 3 Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party, 2 Democratic Party, and 2 The Greens. The mayor, Gilles Roth (CSV), in his second term since October 2005, is a lawyer and counsellor at the Ministry of Finance. Since April 2006, he has been chairman of the CSV's communal councils committee. A native of Mamer, he is married with one child.

Coat of arms
The communal coat of arms (top right-hand box) consists of a temple on a blue background with four golden columns which is headed by a blue wheel between two hooks. The colours are based on the arms of the Mersch-Rodemacks who were once lords of Mamer. The temple depicts Mamer's long history and its recently discovered Roman vestiges. The wheel stems from the arms of the Mameranus family while the two hooks are reminiscent of the crest of the Mamer family.

Mamer today
Only 7 km west of Luxembourg City, Mamer enjoys a pleasant semi-rural setting in Luxembourg's Gutland, where the undulating surroundings are ideal for cattle farming, crops and forestry. The centre of the original village is to the south of the N6 (Route d'Arlon) from Luxembourg City to Arlon. This is where the church, town hall, and most of the shops are located. Several restaurants are located along the Route d'Arlon itself. The extensive Belle Etoile shopping centre is 2 km to the east. Most of the recent housing developments have been to the north, between the N6 and the E25 motorway, particularly in the Cité Mameranus area. There have also been commercial developments to the west close to the Mamer motorway exit.

Since 2000, Mamer has seen the opening of a high school, the Lycée Technique Josy Barthel; a new railway station, Mamer Lycée; an old people's home; and a new local administrative centre in Mamer Castle. In addition, the Kinneksbond, a large primary school and pre-school complex, opened in 2007. Adjacent to the school buildings, the ultra-modern Kinneksbond cultural centre opened in October 2010. A second European School for Luxembourg is now being built in the area.

Public transport
The commune boasts three railway stations: Mamer, Mamer Lycée, and Capellen. All three are located on Line 50, which connects Luxembourg City to the west of the country. From Mamer, there are regular train services to Luxembourg City (to the east) and Kleinbettingen and Arlon (to the west).

In addition to a frequent bus service to Luxembourg and Kirchberg (European Institutions and financial centre), long-distance routes connect Mamer to Arlon, Clemency, Septfontaines, Keispelt, Steinfort, Redange and Eischen. Mamer also has a variety of school-bus routes serving both the Luxembourg schools and the European School.

Facilities and services
In recent years, Mamer has seen the development of a wide range of services including an Ambulance and Fire Station, primary and secondary schools, a post office, a pharmacy, banks, garages, restaurants and an inn. Shopping facilities in the vicinity are excellent (large supermarkets within a couple of minutes' drive) while Mamer itself has a number of smaller shops offering day-to-day produce. Doctors, dentists, opticians and vets can be found in Mamer and its surroundings. There is an open market on the first and third Friday of the month from 4 to 7 p.m. Mamer also has a large park on either side of the river, a sports centre, a football stadium and several children's playing grounds. Apart from services in different languages at the parish church, Luxembourg's Islamic Cultural Centre, together with its mosque, offers a variety of educational and religious services.

Leisure and sports
Mamer has an active brass band, a stamp-collectors' club and a photo club. Its football club, FC Mamer 32, with teams for both men and women, has been increasingly successful in recent years. There are also facilities for cyclists in the area including a signposted route and, once a year, a traffic-free day for cyclists between Mamer and Mersch. There are also a number of village fetes and festivals, usually centred on the square outside the church. Even in the winter, there is a Christmas market in mid-December and the traditional burgbrennen evening celebrating the end of winter with an enormous bonfire.

Standard of living
Luxembourg is at or near the top of world rankings for GDP per capita and for quality of life. As a result, living standards are high throughout the country, especially in residential areas around Luxembourg City, including Mamer itself. Private houses, many fully detached, usually have sizeable gardens, garages and cellars. There are also a few apartment buildings and houses for rent. Costs of accommodation are high as a result of increasing demand but are offset by low municipal taxes and Luxembourg's low sales tax, particularly on fuel. Cable television is provided throughout the commune and includes stations broadcasting in languages other than the local French, German and Luxembourgish. A very wide range of TV programmes can be accessed via satellite including English-language BBC and SKY channel. Broadband or cable-based internet access is widely available. There are excellent facilities for garbage collection and recycling.

Economy
Although Mamer has developed mainly as a residential area, it has also experienced substantial progress in industry and commerce. Its most successful private company, Ceratizit (formerly Cerametal), now with some 950 employees, has become a world player in hard materials for wear protection and cutting tools. There are also a number of construction companies in the area, a laundry, a company specializing in computer storage and data protection, a branch of the huge GlaxoSmithKline pharmaceuticals company as well as some financial institutions and consultants. In addition, the commercial development area between Mamer and Capellen has attracted a number of sophisticated stores and a substantial amount of new office space.

Climate
Like Luxembourg City, Mamer (altitude 310 m) has a temperate climate with warm summers (average day temperature around 24 C, on occasion as high as 35 C) and chilly winters (daytime average 5 C but sometimes as low as -15 C at night). Rainfall is moderate, but on average it rains less than 10 days per month. The prevailing wind is south-westerly. Unlike many communities in Luxembourg, Mamer does not suffer from flooding but is occasionally hit by gales, hail storms and freezing rain. There is often a little snow in the winter but it does not usually cause inconvenience as salting and snow-clearing facilities are well coordinated.

The summer evenings in Mamer are particularly pleasant, often with temperatures of around 25 C until 11 pm. Very occasionally there are short periods of drought but the vegetation seldom loses its rich green for very long. Daylight extends from about 5 am to 10:30 pm in June and from 8 am to 4:30 pm in December.

Wildlife
A wide variety of wild animals and birds have been observed in the area. The ones you might see when rambling around the countryside are wild boar, deer, foxes, hares and rabbits. The birds in your garden will include sparrows, swallows, starlings, crows, rooks, magpies, pigeons, finches and robins and you may be lucky enough to see flocks of migrating wild geese flying by. In the forest, you will hear - and sometimes see - owls and woodpeckers. Some species have suffered from hunting in recent years but there are now considerable efforts to protect flora and fauna. An area of the commune's forest is now a nature reserve.

Places of interest

 * Roman baths, discovered on the north bank of the River Mamer in 1973.
 * Mamer Castle, 1830, which was recently fully restored and now serves as the town hall or Administration Communale.
 * Church of John the Baptist (1723) with a history dating back to the 10th century.
 * Mamer River Valley with paths for walkers, riders and cyclists through its hilly wooded surroundings.
 * Lycée Technique Josy Barthel, a secondary school which opened in 2003.

Famous people

 * Nicolaus Mameranus (1500–1567), soldier and historian under Emperor Charles V.
 * Henri Kirpach (1841–1911), a Luxembourgish politician and lawyer; member of the Council of State
 * Nicolas Frantz (1889–1985), cyclist, won the Tour de France in 1927 and 1928.
 * Josy Barthel (1927–1992), athlete, 1500 m gold medallist at the 1952 Summer Olympics

Twin towns — sister cities
Mamer is twinned with:
 * 🇫🇷 Dangé-Saint-Romain, France

title: Mamer


text:
Capellen

Capellen (Cap/Capellen ) is a town in the commune of Mamer, in south-western Luxembourg, 12 km west of Luxembourg City. , the town has a population of 2,371. Despite not having a commune named after it, Capellen lends its name to the canton of Capellen, and is the only town in Luxembourg to bear the latter distinction but not the former.

Capellen is home to the NATO Support and Procurement Agency (NSPA) which acts as the headquarters of NATO's Agencies. The site occupies a large part of the town south of the route d'Arlon. To the west of the NSPA complex is Capellen railway station, which lies on Chemins de Fer Luxembourgeois' Line 50.

The town is the site of one of the six regional headquarters of the Grand Ducal Police. A museum dedicated to police uniforms and accessories, both national and international, was opened in the town on 21 June 2007.

History
Capellen lies on the old Roman road, today's Kiemwee, from Trier in Germany to Reims and Paris. Some years ago, a Roman milestone was found on the Kiem in the direction of Windhof to the west of Capellen. Furthermore, in 2002, beside the Roman road to the east, the remains of several Roman buildings and brick kilns (see below) were uncovered. These appear to date back to the 4th century.

The first reference to Capellen is to be found in the Koerich parish records from 1718 which state that five households reside in Auf der Kappe, soon to be known as Cap. In 1722, a new weekly stagecoach service from Luxembourg to Brussels passed through Cap. The road linking Luxembourg City to Brussels, passing through Capellen, was built in 1790. From 1796, Cap and Capellen came under the jurisdiction of Mamer.

When Luxembourg was divided into cantons in 1840, as a result of disputes between Mamer and Koerich, it was decided that the canton should be named Capellen and that Capellen should become its seat.

In 1859, the railway from Luxembourg to Brussels was opened, with a station in Capellen. American troops, liberating Luxembourg in September 1944, proceeded through Capellen towards Arlon along what became known as the Voie de la Liberté. In 1951, barracks for the Luxembourg army including the main vehicle depot were built to the south of the town. After the national draft was lifted in 1967, these facilities were taken over by NAMSA as a major NATO supply centre. Since the 1970s, Capellen has expanded rapidly, both as a residential town and, increasingly, a business and financial development area.

The Roman brick kiln
In 2002, while excavation work was in progress at the Parc d'Activités site to the east of Capellen, the remains of a Roman brick factory were discovered. With assistance from the National Museum of History and Art, archeologists from Nospelt belonging to the Georges Kayser Altertumsfuerscher uncovered a number of Roman buildings and kilns. One of the kilns was in remarkably good condition. As it was not possible to keep it in its original location, the Ministry of Culture and the Commune of Mamer decided it should be transferred to the centre of Capellen. After long and careful preparations, the kiln was moved to its new position in April 2003.

The brick kiln is of great historical interest as it shows that in the 4th century, the Romans were undertaking a considerable amount of construction work, probably under the direction of Constantine the Great who frequently resided in nearby Trier from 306 to 316. The site of the brick factory was on the Kiem (Latin caminus, road) or Roman road linking Trier to Reims only 4 km from the vicus of Mamer.

The kiln's new site, opposite the church on Route d'Arlon in the centre of Capellen, is open to the public.

Capellen today
Capellen has prospered over the past 40 years, first as a result of the establishment of NAMSA with personnel from all the NATO countries, then as a residential area for those working in Luxembourg City. With the recent development of the Parc d'Activités, many financial and technology companies now have offices in Capellen. This has all led to the opening of a large supermarket, a new post office, a pharmacy and several restaurants in the locality. There is also a large community centre next to the church and primary school.

Capellen also hosts the Ligue HMC, an innovative association offering vocational training and employment for mentally disabled people.

There are frequent bus services to Luxembourg and to various locations to the west. The A6 motorway or European route E25 from Luxembourg to Brussels runs through Capellen.

Economy
Capellen's largest employer by far is NSPA (ex NAMSA) with some 1000 employees. There are however well over 30 smaller companies providing some 1,200 jobs in a wide variety of areas including financial and technology services, pharmaceuticals, engineering, food and insurance.

Famous people

 * Paul Faber, born 1888 in Capellen: human rights advocate, member of the Permanent Arbitration Court in The Hague.
 * Albert Steffen (1884–1962): Luxembourg historian and court cleric.
 * Géza Wertheim ( 1910 – 1979) born in Capellen : tennis player and bobsledder.
 * Nicolas Stoffel (1900–1988) founder of the Ligue HMC (1963) an association dedicated to integrate people with intellectual disabilities into society.

title: Capellen


text:
2007 Kentucky gubernatorial election

The 2007 Kentucky gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 2007. In this election, incumbent Republican Governor Ernie Fletcher ran for reelection to a second term, but was soundly defeated by Democratic challenger Steve Beshear. A primary election to determine the Republican and Democratic nominees for governor was held on May 22, 2007, in which Fletcher and Beshear won their respective primaries. Steve Beshear's son Andy was elected Kentucky's State Attorney General in 2015 and Kentucky's Governor in 2019 and 2023.

Background
Fletcher came under increasing criticism from both parties after his involvement in a state employee hiring controversy, in which he was accused of illegally hiring merit system (civil service) employees for their political affiliations and loyalties. An investigation by Greg Stumbo, the Attorney General of Kentucky, and a special grand jury led to the indictment of 13 Fletcher administration officials. Fletcher issued a blanket pardon for anyone in his administration (other than himself) who was or may have been involved in the scandal. Fletcher himself was later indicted by a grand jury for three misdemeanors: conspiracy, official misconduct and political discrimination. All were related to the merit-system investigation. On August 24, 2006, Fletcher reached a deal with Stumbo that led to the dismissal of the charges in exchange for Fletcher's acknowledgment that "the evidence strongly indicates wrongdoing by his administration with regard to personnel actions within the merit system. Further, the governor hereby states that these actions were inappropriate and that he regrets their occurrence and accepts responsibility for them as head of the executive branch of state government." (See Ernie Fletcher: Merit system investigation) Fletcher's approval rating as of May 11, 2007 was at 38%, putting him among the lowest governors in the nation.

Former U.S. Rep. Anne Northup, who had lost reelection in 2006, and Paducah businessman Billy Harper challenged Fletcher in the Republican primary. Both had supported and worked for Fletcher's 2003 campaign. Despite his troubles, Fletcher was able to fend off the primary challenge, winning just over a majority of the vote (see below).

On the Democratic side, an increasingly competitive primary campaign developed. Louisville businessman Bruce Lunsford spent over five million dollars, most of it being his own money, in the campaign, and picked Stumbo as his running mate for lieutenant governor. On May 7, Kentucky State Treasurer Jonathan Miller withdrew from the race and endorsed former Lt. Gov. Steve Beshear. Lunsford, Beshear, state House Speaker Jody Richards, and former Lt. Gov. Steve Henry consistently polled significantly ahead of the other candidates. Given the crowded field, many believed a runoff election was likely between the top two finishers — which polls suggested would be Beshear and Lunsford — if no candidate was able to obtain at least 40% of the vote. Beshear, however, was able to avoid a runoff with 41% (see below).

Candidates

 * Steve Beshear – former Lt. Governor of Kentucky, 1983–1987; former Attorney General of Kentucky, 1979–1983; former State Representative, 1974–1979.
 * Running mate: State Senator Daniel Mongiardo, 2001–2007.

 * Gatewood Galbraith – Attorney, Legalization of Marijuana and Industrial Hemp Advocate
 * Running mate: Mark Wireman

 * Steve Henry – former Lt. Governor of Kentucky, 1995–2003
 * Running Mate: Fayette County Property Valuation Administrator Renee True, 1992-present

 * Otis Hensley – Private contractor from Wallins Creek, Kentucky who received 3% of the vote in the Democratic primary in 2003.
 * Running mate: Richard Robbins

 * Bruce Lunsford – prominent Louisville businessman; sought the Democratic nomination for Governor in 2003; withdrew four days before the primary, endorsing Jody Richards.
 * Running mate: Greg Stumbo, Attorney General of Kentucky 2004–2007; former State Representative, 1985–2003.

 * Jody Richards – State Representative, 1975–present (Speaker of the House, 1996–2007); received 47% of the vote in the Democratic primary for Governor of Kentucky in 2003.
 * Running mate: John Y. Brown III, Kentucky Secretary of State 1995–2003.

Results
[[File:2007 Kentucky gubernatorial election Democratic primary results map by county.svg|thumb|250px|Primary results by county: {{legend|#8da9e2|Beshear}}

{{legend|#3358a2|Beshear—80-90%}}

{{legend|#4170cd|Beshear—70-80%}}

{{legend|#678cd7|Beshear—60-70%}}

{{legend|#8da9e2|Beshear—50-60%}}

{{legend|#b4c7ec|Beshear—40-50%}}

{{legend|#dee8fb|Beshear—30-40%}}

{{legend|#eef3fd|Beshear—20-30%}} {{legend|#73bc84|Lunsford}}

{{legend|#3fa457|Lunsford—60-70%}}

{{legend|#73bc84|Lunsford—50-60%}}

{{legend|#a3d5af|Lunsford—40-50%}}

{{legend|#d6efdc|Lunsford—30-40%}} {{legend|#c88fe4|Henry}}

{{legend|#c88fe4|Henry—50-60%}}

{{legend|#dcb7ef|Henry—40-50%}}

{{legend|#f2dffc|Henry—30-40%}} {{legend|#c0a32f|Richards}}

{{legend|#a88600|Richards—60-70%}}

{{legend|#c0a32f|Richards—50-60%}}

{{legend|#d7c477|Richards—40-50%}}

{{legend|#f0e6be|Richards—30-40%}}

{{legend|#f8f2de|Richards—20-30%}} {{legend|#a9a9a9|Galbraith}}

{{legend|#e7e7e7|Galbraith—30-40%}} ]]

Candidates

 * Ernie Fletcher – Incumbent Governor of Kentucky, 2003–present; former U.S. Representative for Kentucky's 6th congressional district, 1999–2003; former State Representative, 1995–1997
 * Running mate: Robbie Rudolph, State Secretary of Executive Cabinet, 2006–2007; State Secretary of Finance, 2003–2006.

 * Billy Harper – Businessman
 * Running mate: Dick Wilson.

 * Anne Northup – former U.S. Representative for Kentucky's 3rd congressional district, 1997–2007; former State Representative, 1987–1997.
 * Running mate: Jeff Hoover, State Representative 1997–present.

Results
[[File:2007 Kentucky gubernatorial election Republican primary results map by county.svg|thumb|Primary results by county: {{legend|#d75d5d|Fletcher}}

{{legend|#ffb2b2|40–50%}}

{{legend|#e27f7f|50–60%}}

{{legend|#d75d5d|60–70%}}

{{legend|#d72f30|70–80%}}

{{legend|#c21b18|80–90%}} {{legend|#ee8e50|Northup}}

{{legend|#ffb580|40–50%}}

{{legend|#ff9a50|50–60%}}

{{legend|#ee8e50|60–70%}}

{{legend|#d69850|70–80%}} {{legend|#37c837|Harper}}

{{legend|#5fd35f|50–60%}} ]]

Results
Fletcher conceded to Beshear at 9:00 PM on November 6.

Counties that flipped from Republican to Democratic
• Anderson (Largest city: Lawrenceburg)

• Barren (Largest city: Glasgow)

• Bell (Largest city: Middlesboro)

• Bourbon (Largest city: Paris)

• Boyle (Largest city: Danville)

• Bracken (Largest city: Augusta)

• Breckinridge (Largest city: Hardinsburg)

• Bullitt (Largest city: Mount Washington)

• Caldwell (Largest city: Princeton)

• Calloway (Largest city: Murray)

• Campbell (Largest city: Fort Thomas)

• Carlisle (Largest city: Bardwell)

• Christian (Largest city: Hopkinsville)

• Clark (Largest city: Winchester)

• Crittenden (Largest city: Marion)

• Daviess (Largest city: Owensboro)

• Edmonson (Largest city: Brownsville)

• Fayette (Largest city: Lexington)

• Fleming (Largest city: Flemingsburg)

• Gallatin (Largest city: Warsaw)

• Grant (Largest city: Williamstown)

• Graves (Largest city: Mayfield)

• Hardin (Largest city: Elizabethtown)

• Harrison (Largest city: Cynthiana)

• Hart (Largest city: Horse Cave)

• Henry (Largest city: Eminence)

• Hickman (Largest city: Clinton)

• Hopkins (Largest city: Madisonville)

• Johnson (Largest city: Paintsville)

• Kenton (Largest city: Covington)

• LaRue (Largest city: Hodgenville)

• Leslie (Largest city: Hyden)

• Logan (Largest city: Russellville)

• Madison (Largest city: Richmond)

• Marshall (Largest city: Benton)

• Martin (Largest city: Inez)

• Mason (Largest city: Maysville)

• McCracken (Largest city: Paducah)

• Meade (Largest city: Brandenburg)

• Mercer (Largest city: Harrodsburg)

• Metcalfe (Largest city: Edmonton)

• Montgomery (Largest city: Mount Sterling)

• Nelson (Largest city: Bardstown)

• Nicholas (Largest city: Carlisle)

• Ohio (Largest city: Hartford)

• Owen (Largest city: Owenton)

• Owsley (Largest city: Booneville)

• Pendleton (Largest city: Falmouth)

• Powell (Largest city: Stanton)

• Robertson (largest municipality: Mount Olivet)

• Scott (Largest city: Georgetown)

• Shelby (Largest city: Shelbyville)

• Simpson (Largest city: Franklin)

• Spencer (Largest city: Taylorsville)

• Todd (Largest city: Elkton)

• Trigg (Largest city: Cadiz)

• Warren (Largest city: Bowling Green)

• Washington (Largest city: Springfield)

title: 2007 Kentucky gubernatorial election


text:
Talk:Africus

Untitled
removed "His Greek equivalent was lips" until independently verified, I was unable to source this. Alf 19:01, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

Factual accuracy vis-à-vis "Africa"
This article says that the continent of Africa was named after Africus. There is a great deal of uncertainty as to where the name africa originated from. See Africa. / Ezeu 08:36, 17 December 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Africus


text:
Talk:Mother Redcap

haunted hotel

title: Talk:Mother Redcap


text:
User:Mel Etitis/Jazz-L top 100

This list was generated by some of the subscribers to the Jazz–L mailing list, compiled by Eric Saidel.

Numbers above each group represent the number of votes albums in that group received.

14

 * Miles Davis, Kind of Blue (already existed; up-dated)

12

 * John Coltrane, Giant Steps (already existed; up-dated)

9

 * Miles Davis, Birth of the Cool (already existed; up-dated)
 * Charles Mingus, Mingus Ah Um (created)
 * Oliver Nelson, The Blues and the Abstract Truth (up-dated article; created article on Nelson)

8

 * John Coltrane, A Love Supreme (already existed; up-dated & tidied)
 * Sonny Rollins, Saxophone Colossus (completely rewritten)

7

 * Eric Dolphy, Out to Lunch (already existed; up-dated and rewritten)

6

 * Louis Armstrong, Hot Fives and Sevens
 * Dave Brubeck, Time Out (completely rewritten)
 * Miles Davis, Sketches of Spain (already existed; up-dated, added infobox, etc.)
 * Thelonious Monk, Brilliant Corners (already existed; up-dated and tidied)
 * Wayne Shorter, Speak No Evil (created)
 * Henry Threadgill, Too Much Sugar for a Dime (created)
 * John Zorn, Masada: Alef (created)

5

 * Ornette Coleman, The Shape of Jazz to Come (already existed; up-dated & tidied)
 * Miles Davis, Porgy and Bess
 * Duke Ellington & his Orchestra, Ellington at Newport
 * Dave Holland, Conference of the Birds
 * Charles Mingus, The Black Saint and the Sinner Lady (already existed; up-dated & tidied)
 * Charles Mingus, Mingus at Antibes (created)
 * Thelonious Monk, Monk's Music
 * Sonny Sharrock, Ask the Ages (created)

4

 * Cannonball Adderly, Somethin' Else
 * Benny Carter, Further Definitions (created)
 * Ornette Coleman, Change of the Century (created)
 * John Coltrane, Blue Train
 * Duke Ellington, The Far East Suite (created)
 * Duke Ellington, The Blanton–Webster Band (created)
 * Bill Evans, Waltz for Debby
 * Gil Evans, Out of the Cool (created)
 * Dexter Gordon, Our Man in Paris (created)
 * Herbie Hancock, Maiden Voyage
 * Joe Lovano, From the Soul (created)
 * Mahavishnu Orchestra, The Inner Mounting Flame
 * David Murray, Ming
 * Charlie Parker, On Dial: The Complete Sessions
 * Charlie Parker/The Quintet Jazz at Massey Hall (created)
 * Art Pepper, Art Pepper Meets the Rhythm Section (created)
 * World Saxophone Quartet, Plays Duke Ellington (created)

3

 * Count Basie, Atomic Basie (created)
 * Art Blakey, Moanin' (created)
 * Don Byron, Tuskegee Experiments (created)
 * Ornette Coleman, Dancing in Your Head
 * Miles Davis, Miles Ahead
 * Miles Davis, In a Silent Way
 * Miles Davis, Nefertiti (album)
 * Jack DeJohnette, Album Album (created)
 * Eric Dolphy, Outward Bound (created)
 * Eric Dolphy, At the Five Spot, vol. 1  (created)
 * Ella Fitzgerald & Louis Armstrong, The Complete Ella Fitzgerald & Louis Armstrong on Verve (created) by User:Gareth E Kegg
 * Stan Getz & João Gilberto, Getz/Gilberto
 * Stan Getz & Charlie Byrd, Jazz Samba
 * Charlie Haden, The Ballad of the Fallen (created)
 * Charlie Haden, Liberation Music Orchestra (created)
 * Coleman Hawkins, Body and Soul (created)
 * Joe Henderson, Inner Urge
 * Joe Lovano, Rush Hour
 * John McLaughlin, Extrapolation
 * Charles Mingus, Blues and Roots
 * Max Roach, We Insist! - Freedom Now (needs expanding),
 * Horace Silver, Song for My Father (already existed; up-dated and tidied)
 * Horace Silver, Blowin' the Blues Away
 * Weather Report, Heavy Weather
 * Randy Weston, The Spirit of Our Ancestors

2

 * George Adams/Don Pullen, Breakthrough
 * George Adams/Don Pullen, Live at the Village Vanguard
 * Cannonball Adderley (Sextet), In New York
 * Louis Armstrong, And Earl Hines
 * Art Ensemble of Chicago, Nice Guys
 * Albert Ayler, In Greenwich Village
 * Count Basie, The Original American Decca Recordings
 * Arthur Blythe, Lenox Avenue Breakdown
 * Anthony Braxton, New York Fall 1974
 * Don Cherry, El Corazon
 * Ornette Coleman, Free Jazz: A Collective Improvisation (created)
 * John Coltrane, Afro Blue Impressions  (stub)
 * John Coltrane, And Johnny Hartman
 * John Coltrane, My Favorite Things (already existed)
 * John Coltrane, Olé Coltrane (already existed)
 * Miles Davis, Miles Smiles (already existed)
 * Miles Davis, Walkin' (already existed)
 * Miles Davis, Milestones (already existed)
 * Miles Davis, Jack Johnson
 * Duke Ellington, Money Jungle (already existed)
 * Don Ellis, Electric Bath
 * Bill Evans, Portrait in Jazz (already existed)
 * Ella Fitzgerald, Ella Fitzgerald Sings the Duke Ellington Songbook (created) by User:Gareth E Kegg
 * Errol Garner, Concert by the Sea (stub)
 * Stan Getz, Focus
 * Jimmy Giuffre, The Jimmy Giuffre 3 (stub)
 * Benny Goodman, Live at Carnegie Hall (is this different from Carnegie Hall Jazz Concert?)
 * Grant Green, Feelin' the Spirit
 * John Handy, Live at the Monterey Jazz Festival 1965
 * Joe Henderson, So Near, So Far (Musings for Miles)
 * Woody Herman, The Thundering Herds (?)
 * Andrew Hill, Point of Departure (stub)
 * Billie Holiday, The Quintessential Billie Holiday, Volume 4
 * Dave Holland, The Razor’s Edge
 * Bobby Hutcherson, Dialogue (stub)
 * Abdullah Ibrahim, Water from an Ancient Well (stub)
 * Elvin Jones, Mr. Jones
 * Lambert, Hendricks, and Ross, Everybody's Boppin’
 * Lambert, Hendricks, and Ross, Sing A Song of Basie
 * Yusef Lateef, Eastern Sounds (created) by User:Knucmo2
 * Wynton Marsalis, Citi Movement (Griot New York) (stub)
 * John McLaughlin, My Goal's Beyond
 * Jackie McLean, Let Freedom Ring (created) by User:Knucmo2
 * Carmen McRae, Carmen Sings Monk (created) by User:Gareth E Kegg
 * Charles Mingus, Let My Children Hear Music (stub)
 * Charles Mingus, Presents Charles Mingus (stub)
 * Charles Mingus, The Great Concert, Paris 1964
 * Charles Mingus, Changes I & II
 * Hank Mobley, Soul Station
 * Modern Jazz Quartet, Django
 * Wes Montgomery, Incredible Jazz Guitar (stub)
 * Lee Morgan, The Sidewinder
 * David Murray, The Hill
 * David Murray, Big Band
 * Fats Navarro, Complete Fats Navarro on Blue Note & Capitol
 * Charlie Parker & Dizzy Gillespie, Bird & Diz
 * Charlie Parker, The Complete Dial Masters,
 * Charlie Parker, The Savoy Sessions: The Immortal Charlie Parker
 * The Charlie Parker Story
 * Charlie Parker’s Memorial: Vols I & II
 * The Genius of Charlie Parker
 * Joe Pass, Virtuoso
 * Art Pepper, Modern Jazz Classics
 * Bud Powell, Genius of Bud Powell
 * Don Pullen, Ode To Life
 * Freddie Redd Quartet, The Music from 'The Connection’
 * Dewey Redman, The Ear of the Behearer
 * George Russell, Ezz-thetics
 * Maria Schneider, Evanescence
 * Archie Shepp, Fire Music
 * Jimmy Smith, The Sermon
 * Cecil Taylor, Unit Structures
 * Cecil Taylor, Silent Tongues
 * Henry Threadgill, You Know the Number
 * Cal Tjader, Soul Sauce
 * Lennie Tristano, Lennie Tristano/The New Tristano
 * Steve Turre, Sanctified Shells
 * McCoy Tyner, Sahara
 * Sarah Vaughan, Sassy Swings the Tivoli (created) by User:Gareth E Kegg
 * World Saxophone Quartet, Dances & Ballads
 * World Saxophone Quartet, Revue

title: User:Mel Etitis/Jazz-L top 100


text:
Stool of repentance

The stool of repentance (furm an aithreachais, stòl an aithreachais), in the Presbyterian polity, mostly in Scotland, was an elevated seat in a church used for the public penance of persons who had offended against the morality of the time, often through fornication and adultery. At the end of the service the offender usually had to stand on the stool to receive the rebuke of the minister. It was in use until the early 19th century.

Humiliation of sitting on the stool, being punished and publicly repenting sins drove some victims to suicide. In the case of pregnant women of such parishes who had not conceived with their husbands, they would often elaborately conceal their pregnancy or attempt infanticide rather than face the congregation then Kirk Session.

An alternative to, or commutation of, the stool of repentance was the payment of buttock mail.

A harp tune commemorates the tradition.

title: Stool of repentance


text:
Talk:Fabulinus

ref for earlier anon edit. Alf 19:02, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Fabulinus


text:
Concealment of birth

Concealment of birth is the act of a parent (or other responsible person) failing to report the birth of a child. The term is sometimes used to refer to hiding the birth of a child from friends or family, but is most often used when the appropriate authorities have not been informed about a stillbirth or the death of a newborn. This is a crime in many countries, with varying punishments.

Australia
Australian Capital Territory

Section 47 of the Crimes Act 1900 creates the offence of concealment of birth.

New South Wales

Section 85 of the Crimes Act 1900 creates the offence of concealment of birth.

Northern Territory

Section 163 of the Criminal Code Act creates the offence of concealment of birth.

South Australia

Section 83 of the Criminal Law Consolidation Act 1935 creates the offence of concealment of birth.

Western Australia

Section 291 of the Criminal Code (Schedule to the Criminal Code Compilation Act 1913) creates the offence of concealing the birth of children.

Tasmania

Section 166 of the Criminal Code Act 1924 creates the offence of concealment of birth.

Victoria

Section 67 of the Crimes Act 1958 creates the offence of concealing birth of a child.

Canada
Section 242 of the Canadian Criminal Code (injury to, or death of, a child due to its mother neglecting to obtain assistance in child birth with intent that it should not live or to conceal its birth). (English)  (French)

Section 243 of that Code (concealing the dead body of a child with intent to its conceal birth). (English) (French)

England and Wales, and Northern Ireland
In England and Wales, and in Northern Ireland, section 60 of the Offences Against the Person Act 1861 creates the offence of concealing the birth of a child:

"If any woman shall be delivered of a child, every person who shall, by any secret disposition of the dead body of the said child, whether such child died before, at, or after its birth, endeavour to conceal the birth thereof, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and being convicted thereof shall be liable, at the discretion of the court, to be imprisoned for any term not exceeding two years, ..."

The words "with or without hard labour" omitted in the first place were repealed for England and Wales by section 1(2) of the Criminal Justice Act 1948.

The proviso to this section, as extended by any subsequent enactment, was repealed for England and Wales by section 10 of, and paragraph 13(1)(a) of Schedule 2 to, and Part III of Schedule 3 to, the Criminal Law Act 1967. Originally, the proviso allowed the jury to find an alternative verdict of this offence on a charge of murder. In England and Wales, it was subsequently extended to allow the jury to find an alternative verdict of this offence on a charge of child destruction or a charge of infanticide.

Section 60 of the Offences Against the Person Act 1861 is framed on section 14 of the Offences Against the Person Act 1828 (which applied to England, including Wales and Berwick) and section 17 of the Offences Against the Person (Ireland) Act 1829 (10 Geo. 4. c. 34), which applied to Ireland. This offence was previously created by section 4 of Lord Ellenborough's Act (43 Geo. 3. c. 58) (1803). This in turn replaced "An Act to prevent the Murthering of Bastard Children", the  (21 Jas. 1. c. 27) and another act (6 Anne c. 4 (I)) applying to Ireland, which were repealed by section 3.

The words "if any woman shall be delivered of a child, every person" were retained in section 60 after a division in the select committee of the House of Commons, and the members were equally divided upon the subject. The word "secret" was in like manner retained after a division in the committee.

An offence under section 60 of the Offences Against the Person Act 1861 could not be tried at Quarter Sessions.

Section 31 of the Offences Against the Person Act 1828 made provision in relation to any person who should counsel, aid or abet the commission of, amongst other things, a misdemeanour under section 14.

South Africa
In South Africa, section 113 of the General Law Amendment Act, 1935, amended by the Judicial Matters Amendment Act 66, 2008, creates the offence of concealing the birth of a child:

"Concealment of birth of newly born child 113. (1) Any person who, without a lawful burial order, disposes of the body of any newly born child with intent to conceal the fact of its birth, whether the child died before, during or after birth, shall be guilty of an offence and liable on conviction to a fine or to imprisonment for a period not exceeding three years. (2) A person may be convicted under subsection (1) although it has not been proved that the child in question died before its body was disposed of."

United States
In the United States, concealing birth was once a crime punishable by capital punishment. In 1785, Hannah Piggen from Massachusetts was the last person to be put to death for concealing the birth/death of an infant.

Concealing birth remains illegal in many states. Its seriousness as a crime, however, differs from state to state, ranging from a felony in Arkansas to a misdemeanor in Washington.

title: Concealment of birth


text:
Björnlandet National Park

Björnlandet is a national park in Västerbotten County, northern Sweden. It was established in 1991 and covers an area of 11 km2.

Geographically it lies in southernmost Lappland, about 30 km southwest of the hamlet (locality) of Fredrika, in Åsele Municipality.

The park is notable for its large primeval forest and a geography that is distinguished by steep ravines and precipices. The fauna is comparatively of lower interest, due to the harsh climate and environment.

title: Björnlandet National Park


text:
Cyclobutene

Cyclobutene is an organic compound with the chemical formula C4H6. It is a cycloalkene. It is a colorless gas that easily condenses. It is of interest in research but currently has no practical applications. A modern synthesis involves the 2-step dehydration of cyclobutanol. The compound was first prepared by thermolysis of the ammonium salt [C4H7N(CH3)3]OH (cyclobutyltrimethylammonium hydroxide).

Cyclobutene thermally isomerizes to 1,3-butadiene. This strongly exothermic reaction reflects the dominance of ring strain. In contrast, the corresponding equilibrium for hexafluorocyclobutene disfavors hexafluorobutadiene.

title: Cyclobutene


text:
Hannu Tihinen

Hannu Tihinen (born 1 July 1976) is a Finnish former professional footballer who played as a centre-back. Since January 2014, he worked as a technical director at the Football Association of Finland. In October 2022, Tihinen was appointed as an expert adviser of FIFA in Global Football Development Division High-Performance -unit.

He has played for clubs in Finland, Norway, England, Belgium and Switzerland. Tihinen achieved five championships in three countries in a career that ended in 2010, a cup title in two countries and captained almost all of his club teams.

Club career
Born in Keminmaa, Lapland, Tihinen started his career with KePS in second-tier Ykkönen in 1993. After the 1996 season, the club was relegated to Kakkonen, and Tihinen joined Veikkausliiga club HJK for the 1997 season. He won both the Finnish championship and Finnish Cup once with HJK, and also earned UEFA Champions League experience with the club in the 1998–99 season.

Tihinen then joined Norwegian club Viking in November 1999. He scored a decisive own goal in the final of the Norwegian Cup in 2000 but won the Cup championship the following year and headed the goal into the right goal. Tihinen spent two and a half seasons with Viking, while also having a brief loan spell at West Ham United in the English Premiership. Whilst at West Ham he played in their 1–0 victory over Manchester United at Old Trafford in the 2000–01 FA Cup.

In 2002 Tihinen joined Belgian club Anderlecht for a €1.3 million transfer fee. He played in Belgium for four years, winning two Belgian championships. Tihinen scored the 1-0 winning goal against Lyon in the Champions League match in November 2003.

After Tihinen's contract with Anderlecht expired in the summer of 2006, he was snapped up by FC Zürich on a three-year deal. He was captain of the 2006–07 Swiss Championship and the 2008–09 Swiss Championship winning team. On 30 September 2009, Tihinen scored the winning goal for Zürich after ten minutes against A.C. Milan in the Group C game of the 2009–10 UEFA Champions League.

On 7 May 2010, Tihinen announced that he would retire after the 2009–10 season, mainly because of his head injuries. His last game was an away draw (3–3) against Neuchâtel Xamax on 16 May 2010.

International career
Tihinen made his debut for the Finland national team on 5 June 1999 against Turkey. He scored five goals in the national team matches and formed Finland's regular central defensive pairing with Sami Hyypiä for most of the 2000s. Tihinen captained the national team in a match known as the eagle-owl match against Belgium in June 2007. In the match, an eagle-owl flew onto the field and the game was stopped for a while. The nickname Eagle-owls of the Finland national team originated from this event.

Helmet
Tihinen injured his head many times during his career. Because of that he wore a helmet during his last seasons. He was also very good with his head, which he used to score most of his goals.

Post-playing career
After retiring, Tihinen joined FC Zürich as a deputy sports director.

On 13 April 2012, he announced his candidacy to run for the new president of the Football Association of Finland, as the post was left open after Sauli Niinistö was elected as President of Finland. In the years 2012–2014, Tihinen was the chairman of the Finnish Football Players´ Association.

After his career, Tihinen has studied international leadership and management at the UEFA Academy and at the Aalto University in Helsinki and since 2014, he has been the technical director of the Football Association of Finland.

Club

 * Notes

International

 * Scores and results list Finland’s goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Tihinen goal.

Honours
HJK
 * Veikkausliiga: 1997
 * Finnish Cup: 1998
 * Finnish League Cup: 1997, 1998
 * The best defender of the Finnish Veikkausliiga 1999

Viking
 * Norwegian Cup: 2001

Anderlecht
 * Belgian First Division: 2003–04, 2005–06

Zürich
 * Swiss Super League: 2007, 2009
 * The best defender in the Swiss Axpo Super League 2009

title: Hannu Tihinen


text:
Sun TV

Sun TV may refer to:

 * Sun TV (India), an Indian Tamil cable television channel owned by Sun TV Network
 * Sun TV Network, the company that owns the Tamil television channel
 * Sun TV (Hong Kong), a Mandarin satellite television channel based in Hong Kong
 * SUN TV (Turkey), a local TV in Mersin, Turkey
 * Sun News Network (2011–2015), a defunct Canadian news and opinion channel, originally proposed under the name "Sun TV News Channel"
 * CKXT-TV (2003–2011), a defunct independent television station in Toronto, Canada which used the on-air name SUN TV
 * Sun Television, a television station in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan
 * Sun Television and Appliances, a defunct retailer of consumer electronics
 * Sun Sports, a Florida sports broadcasting network
 * SUN TV, the former names of iNews a private terrestrial television network in Indonesia
 * Lemar TV (Pashto for "Sun TV"), a television station based in Kabul, Afghanistan

title: Sun TV


text:
Clifford Williams (actor)

Clifford Williams (1926 – 20 August 2005) was a Welsh theatre director and stage actor. He was born in Cardiff, Wales, and died in London, England.

Earl life
Clifford Williams, son of George F. Williams and Florence (Gapper) from Cardiff, was born in Birmingham. He attended Highbury Grammar School. He served in the British Army Ordnance Corps (RAOC) from 1945 to 1948.

Williams was a fellow of Trinity College of Music (London), as well as the Welsh College of Music and Drama (on the Board of Governors from 1980).

Career
Founder, 1994: (Director and Playwright) Mime Theatre London. 1950-53: Artistic Director, Marlowe Theatre, Canterbury, 1956 Queen’s Theatre Hornchurch, 1957 Arts Theatre, London. 1963-80, Associate Director, Royal Shakespeare Company, U.K.

From 1963: Artistic Directorships at: National Theatre, U.K., also the national theatres of: Spain, Yugoslavia, Mexico, Finland, Bulgaria, France, Denmark, Sweden, USSR, Canada, Japan Germany.

In the United States, his Broadway productions included: The Comedy of Errors, Soldiers, Sleuth, Emperor Henry IVth, As You Like It, A Pack of Lies, ''Aren’t We All? Breaking the Code (TV) and Man and Superman''. His opera productions include: The Flying Dutchman, Savitri, Dido and Aeneas, Bellman’s Opera.

Musical productions include (in London): Our Man Creighton, Mardi Gras, ''Oh! Calcutta and Carte Blanche''. He was the author of the children’s plays The Sleeping Princess, The Goose Girl and The Secret Kingdom, and he translated Ibsen, Strindberg and Chekhov.

He was chairman of the British Theatre Association 1978-90.

For the Royal Shakespeare Company: Directed 31 productions including the outstandingly successful (also set designer) Comedy of Errors (with Ian Richardson, Michael Williams, Timothy West, Donald Burton, Elizabeth Spriggs, Janet Suzman and Susan Engel); The Merchant of Venice (Janet Suzman, Eric Porter and William Squire) and The Jew of Malta (Eric Porter and Tony Church).

Selected theatre credits

 * The Comedy of Errors (1962), for the Royal Shakespeare Company
 * Cymbeline (1974), for the RSC
 * The Duchess of Malfi (1971), for the RSC
 * As You Like It (1974)
 * Sleuth (1970)
 * Antony and Cleopatra (1951–1952) (actor)
 * Caesar and Cleopatra (1951–1952) (actor)

title: Clifford Williams (actor)


text:
Category:Finnish films

Category for films made in Finland.

title: Category:Finnish films


text:
Conservative Christianity

Conservative Christianity, also known as conservative theology, theological conservatism, traditional Christianity, or biblical orthodoxy is a grouping of overlapping and denominationally diverse theological movements within Christianity that seeks to retain the orthodox and long-standing traditions and beliefs of Christianity. It is contrasted with Liberal Christianity and Progressive Christianity, which are seen as heretical heterodoxies by theological conservatives. Conservative Christianity should not be mistaken as being necessarily synonymous with the political philosophy of conservatism, nor the Christian right (which is a political movement of Christians who support conservative political ideologies and policies within the realm of secular or non-sectarian politics).

Theological conservatism is found in Roman Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, Oriental Orthodoxy, Protestantism, the Church of the East, Old Catholicism, and throughout all of Mainstream-Nicene Christianity in both Western Christian and Eastern Christian traditions. Within Protestantism, it is largely made up of Evangelical Christianity and Christian Fundamentalism, while the Confessing Movement, Confessionalism, and to an extent Neo-orthodoxy make up the remaining; in Roman Catholicism it is inclusive of Catholics that adhere to Traditionalist Catholicism as well as the Magisterium, Scriptures, and Traditions of the Church at the exclusion of Catholic Modernism and Folk Catholicism; and in Old Catholicism it currently includes the Union of Scranton, those of similar beliefs, and historically the Union of Utrecht until its adoption of theological liberalism. In spite of this, not every community has had a direct connection with the Fundamentalist–Modernist controversy.

Evangelical leaders like Tony Perkins of the Family Research Council have called attention to the problem of equating the term Christian right with theological conservatism and Evangelicalism. Although evangelicals constitute the core constituency of the Christian right within the United States, not all evangelicals fit that political description. The problem of describing the Christian right which in most cases is conflated with theological conservatism in secular media, is further complicated by the fact that the label religious conservative or conservative Christian applies to other Christian denominational religious groups who are theologically, socially, and culturally conservative but do not have overtly political organizations associated with them, which are usually uninvolved, uninterested, apathetic, or indifferent towards politics. Tim Keller, an Evangelical theologian and Presbyterian Church in America pastor, shows that Conservative Christianity (theology) predates the Christian right (politics), and that being a theological conservative didn't necessitate being a political conservative, that some political progressive views around economics, helping the poor, the redistribution of wealth, and racial diversity are compatible with theologically conservative Christianity. Rod Dreher, a senior editor for The American Conservative, a secular conservative magazine, also argues the same differences, even claiming that a "traditional Christian" a theological conservative, can simultaneously be left on economics (economic progressive) and even a socialist at that while maintaining traditional Christian beliefs.

General beliefs

 * "Higher" view of scripture being the authoritative "Word" of God. A belief in the authority of the Bible as God's revelation to humanity. Bible prophecy and Bible inerrancy are often affirmed, some may take it further and believe in biblical literalism, while other may hold views of biblical infallibility. This often includes the understanding that the Bible in it original manuscripts, is the final authority in all matters on which it speaks or on matters of faith and religion.
 * The Virgin birth of Jesus Christ.
 * The doctrine of Trinity, i.e., God the Father, God the Son and God the Holy Spirit.
 * The doctrine of the deity of Jesus Christ (i.e., that Jesus is fully God and fully man).
 * The literal, physical resurrection of Jesus.
 * The literal, physical return of Jesus.
 * The belief in both a literal Heaven and a literal Hell as biblically described (purgatory may be added in for Catholics although not accepted by others),
 * The doctrine of original sin is held by theological conservatism.
 * Among Theological Conservative Christians overall, the resurrection of Christ is seen as the most important actual event in the history of the world.
 * For Theological Conservative Protestant Christians specifically, they place a central focus on Christ's redeeming work on the cross as the only means for salvation and the forgiveness of sins.'
 * Theological Conservative Christians take to be true biblical teachings such as Jesus’ statement: "I am the way and the truth and the life. No one comes to the Father except through me" (John 14:6).'

Moreover it went on to address philosophical concerns the presuppositions for the first time arguing beyond the creeds that philosophical positions were vital, "''Since the Renaissance, and more particularly since the Enlightenment, world views have been developed that involve skepticism about basic Christian tenets. Such are the agnosticism that denies that God is knowable, the rationalism that denies that He is incomprehensible, the idealism that denies that He is transcendent, and the existentialism that denies rationality in His relationships with us. When these un- and anti-Biblical principles seep into men's theologies at a presuppositional level, as today they frequently do, faithful interpretation of Holy Scripture becomes impossible." ''

Component movements
It may specifically refer to movements such as:
 * Christian fundamentalism, a movement within Protestantism upholding biblical literalism.
 * Evangelicalism, worldwide interdenominational movement within Protestant Christianity that affirms the centrality of being "born again" in which an individual experiences personal conversion as well as the biblical inerrancy.
 * Conservative evangelicalism in the United Kingdom, a theological movement within evangelical Protestant Christianity
 * The Confessing Movement, an evangelical and/or confessional movement within several mainline Protestant denominations
 * A few scholars label Roman Catholics who reject Liberal Christianity, Progressive Christianity, and Catholic Modernism in favor of more traditional doctrines as fundamentalists.
 * Catholics who are faithful to the teachings of the Magisterium (the teaching authority of the Catholic Church) as well as the Scriptures and Traditions of the Church, can be considered theological conservatives in certain respects (if conservative means "according to the central moral and theological teachings historically accepted by the majority of Christendom [Christianity]")
 * The Traditionalist Catholic movement, Roman Catholics who believe that the Catholic Church has strayed from its doctrine since the Second Vatican Council.
 * The Union of Scranton within the Old Catholic Church.
 * Confessionalism (religion), a belief in the importance of full and unambiguous assent to the whole of a religious teaching
 * Confessional Lutheranism, a designation for Lutherans or Lutheran groups who believe in the doctrines taught in the Book of Concord of 1580, which is a summary of the teachings found in Scripture, requires attention to how that faith is actually being preached, taught, and put into practice.
 * Theologically Conservative Christian views on Homosexuality.
 * Neo-orthodoxy, a theological movement developed in the aftermath of the First World War as a reaction against doctrines of 19th-century liberal theology and a reevaluation of the teachings of the Reformation.

title: Conservative Christianity


text:
Talk:Rockport, Massachusetts

Paula Cole
Paula Cole grew up in Rockport, and was president of her High School class. Fodder for "Famous Residents"?

Grateful Dead
I removed it because it's speculation. Venicemenace 23:21, 5 December 2006 (UTC)

Removed what?? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.5.188.169 (talk) 03:06, 26 June 2008 (UTC)

The Paper House
Shouldn't this article mention The Paper House? I only heard of it from a "did you know..." thing on a website and wanted to verify the truth of it. After more research (since Wikipedia didn't help) I found the official website. Someone who's actually been there, or even grew up around the area, might be better suited to adding this information to the article than me. -- Nillli (talk) 13:22, 17 October 2009 (UTC)
 * It should be added as a point of interest but there isn't a seperate wiki page for the paper house. Why don't you write one? You can google some info. MBCF (talk) 03:50, 18 October 2009 (UTC)

I second the motion of mentioning the paper house. Our family was vacationing in the area of Rockport and someone local mentioned the paper house...otherwise we would not have seen it. Very interesting spectacle. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.152.248.28 (talk) 15:02, 22 August 2010 (UTC)

Better photos?
Can't we come up with a better photo of Bearskin Neck? It looks like all telephone poles and wires. And "southwest"? The shot is taken looking northeast.MBCF (talk) 12:50, 11 May 2010 (UTC)
 * you sound like a local. do it. Chensiyuan (talk) 18:09, 11 May 2010 (UTC)
 * OK, within the next week. Officially I am not a local since I was not born in the Addison Gilbert Hospital but I can fake it. MBCF (talk) 15:06, 14 May 2010 (UTC)
 * Took nine years, finally swapped in a better photo of Bearskin Neck. MBCF (talk

Chamber of Commerce sites
Those two sites are works of art, wonderfully designed, amazingly apt for the purpose. Money spent on those was well-spent. However, their purposes are not our purposes. They are interested in current commerce in all its phases from advertising to event scheduling. We are interested in encyclopedic information and sources. What encyclopedic information comes from them? WP articles are not extensions of the official site. We don't care what businesses exist in town, what they sell, how much, where, how to contact them etc. You can disagree if you like. I would ask you to back it up with WP policy statements, which you can find in the help sections.Dave (talk) 13:42, 8 August 2010 (UTC)

Sandy Bay Breakwater
One of the historical links, which should be kept, concerns Sandy Bay Breakwater, a hazard of navigation intended to reduce hazard. After excavating big holes in Rockport for a number of years and dumping the stone out at sea the government abandoned the breakwater. There it stands, in the middle of nowhere, a small section only being above water, rivalling all the other shoals and hazards. It should be mentioned in an expanded history section. It was going make Rockport into a haven against nature, you know. Engineers can do anything they set their mind to, can't they? Man has no limits. All you need is the right management technique and a good imagination.Dave (talk) 17:12, 8 August 2010 (UTC)

Wikitravel link etc
Not allowed, WP:ELNO
 * Well I notice all but one of the links are advertising. I don't blame you. Rockport is a leading tourist attraction. I try to eat there whenever economics permits. The seafood is almost out of this world. When you see an article like this you automatically think, here is a chance to plug my wares for free or to share the good food and good goods with everyone. Everyone else seems to be doing it on WP and then there are several other Wikis also who are doing it. However, we are trying to do something a little different here: a summary of human knowledge. I suppose you could argue that the location and price of Amy's bed and breakfast or the cost of Joe's tours is human knowledge. I'm speaking of the more abstract kind and the detail required to support it. I've given you a link as a guideline. I can't think of a better one: detailed, precise, well-written. Please do follow it. By the way, along these lines I notice Phelan has taken a photo of Toad Hall Bookstore. Phelan has made almost immeasurable contributions to the photos of eastern Massachusetts. He seems bent on photographing everything in sight and the photos are all good. Somehow his photo of Toad Hall got in here. I don't know who put it in, but it has to come out. Why Toad Hall? Every single one of those businesses on Bearskin Neck is equally worthy. Why not give them a break? If it is you, John, I am sure you see what I mean. We can't get into advertising here or singling out the favorite businesses of the editors. There's another point too, John. You have photographed an identifiable business with a sign and now you allow it to be published. Did they give you permission? I believe you need it. But, not for us, as it has to come out. John has had a few pics removed for copyright violations, but they are a small portion of his total contribution, and besides, copyrights of photos are very hard to ascertain. You practically have to be a lawyer. Well, I've done enough on this article for now. I'll be back when I repeat my list again and will address some of the other issues. Meanwhile, remember, this is an encyclopedia not a travel or a community site.Dave (talk) 01:47, 9 August 2010 (UTC)

History - second paragraph
This paragraph needs further work. I've re-written it in part, but there's a reference that needs checking and adding as a proper numbered reference. Chris Jefferies (talk) 09:36, 18 November 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Rockport, Massachusetts


text:
Malin Baryard-Johnsson

Malin Birgitta Barijard Johnsson, (born 10 April 1975 in Söderköping, Östergötland, Sweden) is a Swedish equestrian, competing in show jumping. Baryard started to ride at the age of six and went on to be a very accomplished show jumper. She won a gold medal in the Swedish Championships at the age of just 14. She married Swedish TV presenter Henrik Johnsson in the summer of 2004, and made her TV-presenting debut in the autumn of 2004 on the SVT show Barbacka.

Achievements
In the 1996 Summer Olympics, Baryard placed 49th in the individual competition, and the Swedish team placed 10th. At the 1998 World Equestrian Games, Baryard placed 66th individually and 12th team. At the 2000 Summer Games, she placed 20th individually and 7th in the team competition. At the 2002 World Equestrian Games, she placed 12th individually and the Swedish team placed 2nd overall. At the 2004 Summer Games, Baryard placed 28th, while the Swedish team gained a silver medal overall. At the 2006 World Equestrian Games, Baryard placed 107th individually and 12th team.

Malin Baryard / H&M Butterfly Flip were awarded the 2003 FEI Best Horse and Rider Combination, having placed in the top ten in 21 competitions that year. The duo amassed a total of 1224 points, to finish the rankings 221 points ahead of Ludger Beerbaum / Goldfever 2 and 222 points ahead of Markus Fuchs / Granie. That same year, Baryard placed third in the FEI World Cup Final with Butterfly Flip, in Las Vegas. In addition, the duo placed 7th in 2002, 6th in 2004 and 10th in 2007. Baryard also placed 7th with Corrmint in the 1996 World Cup Final, for a total of five top ten finishes in the event.

In 2021, at the 2020 Summer Olympics, Baryard placed 5th in the Individual jumping events. She won Olympic gold in the team jump event.

Discography

 * 2004 – Spånka feat. Malin Baryard – Do You Wanna Ride?

title: Malin Baryard-Johnsson