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Concord, New South Wales

Concord is a suburb in the inner West of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is 10 km west of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of the City of Canada Bay. Concord West is a separate suburb, to the north-west.

History
Concord takes its name from Concord, Massachusetts, in the USA, which was the site of the Battle of Concord, one of the first military engagements of the American Revolutionary War (1775–1778). Some historians believe the Sydney suburb was named Concord to encourage a peaceful attitude between soldiers and settlers. The first land grants in the area were made in 1793.

The original Concord Council was established in 1883. Concord Council amalgamated with Drummoyne Council in 2000 after 117 years of self governance to form the City of Canada Bay. It is also the name of the surrounding parish.

In 1933, 'Concord Jubilee 1833–1933: a history of the municipality of Concord: with illustrations', compiled by G. M. Shaw was published.

Commercial area
Concord features Majors Bay Road Shopping Village. It includes several cafes, restaurants, Coles Local, post office, medical centre and other commercial enterprises. There is also a small shopping strip on Cabarita Road in the locality of Cabarita Junction and just up the road as you head towards Breakfast Point you will find a small cafe and restaurant precinct on the corner of Mortlake Street and Brays Road.

Churches
St Luke's Anglican Church is one of the oldest churches in Concord. The church is over 150 years old and is located at Burton Street near Concord Oval. Its current organ was donated by Dame Eadith Walker, of the famous Walker family on her 21st birthday in 1883. St Mary's Catholic Church is a prominent architectural landmark on Parramatta Road. The first church on the site was built in 1845 until a new church was built in 1874. A school operated in the original church building until a separate school building was built and opened by Cardinal Moran in 1894. A convent for the Sisters of Charity was erected next to the church in 1898. The present church building was completed in 1929.

Parks
Concord has many parks, including:
 * Queen Elizabeth Park (formerly known as 'Concord Park', renamed to honour Queen Elizabeth II after her visit to Australia in 1954)
 * Henley Park (site of the former general cemetery – 1938)
 * Majors Bay Reserve, including Arthur Walker and Ron Routly Reserves (beginning of the Concord Foreshore Trail).
 * Concord Golf Course, Massey Park, Cintra Park
 * Concord Oval (home ground of Inter Lions Soccer Club and the West Harbour Pirates Rugby Union Club, training ground of Wests Tigers NRL club)
 * Sid Richards Park (home ground of the Concord Comets Baseball Club)
 * Central Park, St Lukes Park, Bayview Park, Edwards Park, Greenlees Park, Goddard Park, Rothwell Park.

Transport
Transit Systems operate 6 routes via Concord:
 * 410: Hurstville via Campsie, Burwood and Ryde to Marsfield
 * 458: Burwood station to Ryde
 * 464: Mortlake to Ashfield station
 * 466: Cabarita Park to Burwood station via Bayview Park
 * 502: Cabarita to the City via Victoria Road
 * 526: One weekday service from Concord High School to Olympic Park wharf via Burwood & Strathfield

Concord West railway station and North Strathfield railway station service the Concord area. The stops are on the Northern line approximately 14 km (9 miles) from Central Station. Sydney Ferries service the Concord area stopping at Cabarita Wharf.

Historically (1901-1948), Concord was also served by a tram line, which connected Mortlake and Cabarita junction, through Majors Bay Road in Concord, to Burwood Road (formerly Wharf Street on the Concord side of Parramatta Road) south to Burwood town centre. From here, the tram line proceeded through Enfield to a depot in resent-day Croydon Park, in Tangarra Street, then east to Ashfield station. The original part of this tram line was built in 1891, from Ashfield to Enfield, and it was extended north to Mortlake in 1901, and a branch to Cabarita Park was built in 1909. The system was electrified in 1912. The line was never connected to any of the other tram lines in Sydney, although its eastern terminus, at Ashfield station, was only one station away (on the main suburban railway line) from the nearest tram terminus at Summer Hill station.

Bus services between Mortlake/Breakfast Point and Cabarita to Burwood (and eventually to Ashfield via Enfield, i.e. routes 464 and 466) follow the old tram lines through the suburb, which were removed in 1948. Few hints of Concord's trams remain today apart from the extra width of Majors Bay Road and Brewer Street in order to accommodate a double track tramway and the existence of Tramway Lane and Cabarita Junction which is where the tram tracks split, with one track providing the Mortlake branch and the other the Cabarita branch.

Schools
Schools in the suburb are
 * Concord Public School
 * Concord High School
 * St Mary's Primary School
 * Mortlake Public School

Demographics
At the 2021 census, there were 14,551 residents in Concord. The most commonly reported ancestries were Italian (22.2%), Australian (18.5%), English (17.5%), Chinese (13.2%) and Irish (8.1%). 63.9% of residents were born in Australia. The most common other countries of birth were Italy 5.8%, China 5.4%, England 1.9%, South Korea 1.5% and Lebanon 1.4%. In Concord 59.9% of people only spoke English at home, compared to the national average of 72.0%. Other languages spoken at home included Italian 9.2%, Mandarin 6.1%, Arabic 3.6%, Cantonese 3.6% and Greek 3.1%. The most common responses for religion in Concord were Catholic 45.4%, No Religion 23.5%, Anglican 6.4% and Eastern Orthodox 6.1%.

Notable residents
Notable people who have resided in the suburb have included:
 * Neil Armfield (born 1955) – Theatre, film and opera director, grew up in Sanders Parade opposite Exile Bay [[Image:YarallaMansion.JPG|thumb|right|[[Yaralla Estate|Yaralla]] Mansion in Concord, originally home of Dame Eadith Walker, is now a convalescent hospital]]
 * Hiram Caton (1936–2010) – Professor of politics and history at Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
 * Selwyn Edge (1868–1940) – businessman, racing driver, and record-breaker. He is principally associated with selling and racing De Dion-Bouton, Gladiator, AC Cars, Clément-Panhard and Napier cars
 * Michael Kirby (born 1939) – jurist and judge of the High Court of Australia, lived on Sydney Street
 * Peter Luck (1944–2017) – author, television host, and producer
 * Isaac Nichols (1770–1819) – Australia Post's first postmaster and original owner of Walker Estate
 * Mervyn Victor Richardson (1893–1972) – inventor of the Victa lawn mower
 * Thomas Walker (1804–1886) – Australian politician, banker, prominent land owner in Concord, and father of Dame Eadith Campbell Walker. Walker built the Italianate mansion Yaralla in the 1860s. It was extended in the 1890s by John Sulman and is now used as the Dame Eadith Walker Convalescent Hospital. It is listed on the Register of the National Estate. Thomas Walker Convalescent Hospital was built in fulfilment of Walker's will. It too was designed by John Sulman and is on the Register of the National Estate
 * Dame Eadith Walker (1861–1937) – Australian philanthropist and major land owner in Concord for much of the late 19th and early 20th Century who aided in establishing Concord Repatriation General Hospital
 * Phillip Wilcher (born 1955) – Australian classical pianist and composer, also one of the original members of The Wiggles
 * Ellen Redchester/ Fraser (1764-1840) First Fleet convict and mother of the second child of European parentage to be born in the colony. First woman to own feehold land in the colony.

Popular culture

 * Australian drama series All Saints, is set in the fictional All Saints General Western Hospital. The external shots (the sweeping shots of the skyline and hospital) are filmed at the Concord Repatriation General Hospital. Some scenes have been shot in and around Concord and Majors Bay Road.
 * Australian series Grass Roots was set in the fictional suburb of Arcadia Waters. Many external shots of Arcadia waters Council chambers used Concord Council Chambers as a setting and as was other various locations around Concord, particularly in the shopping centre and cafes in Majors Bay Road.
 * Australian mini series Bangkok Hilton was partly filmed in the grounds of the Thomas Walker Convalescent Hospital.
 * Australian drama/comedy series Packed to the Rafters is partly filmed in Riverview Street, and other locations within Concord, where the Rafter family home is located.
 * Dirty Deeds a 2002 Australian/Canadian production filmed in Concord, utilising Henley park and a nearby 1960s period home for the setting.
 * Brides of Christ a 1991 miniseries used St Marys Catholic Church Concord for some of the internal Church Mass scenes.
 * The Cut a 2009 comedy/drama series was partly filmed in Concord, with some internal filming done in a Majors Bay Road shop and some external filming done on the Majors Bay Road shopping strip and Concord Oval.
 * The Victa Mower was created by Mervyn "Victor" Richardson in a Concord garage in 1952.
 * Scenes from action movie Superman Returns were shot at Rivendell Hospital, which was Lex Luther's mansion.
 * Scenes from the drama series Rake were shot in Concord.
 * Scenes from the 2013 miniseries Carlotta were shot in Concord.

title: Concord, New South Wales


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Acaster Selby

Acaster Selby is a village in the former Selby District of North Yorkshire, England. It is part of the joint civil parish with Appleton Roebuck (where the population is now included). It is situated about 6 mi south from York, on the west back of the River Ouse; near the opposite bank is the settlement of Stillingfleet, and 1.3 mi to the north-west is Appleton Roebuck.

History
The name is derived from the Latin word for a camp, 'castra', indicating that the Roman army may once have been based near here. There is no longer any signs of such an encampment which was thought to have provided protection of the waterway to Tadcaster. The use of Selby indicates that the lands were brought within the control of Selby Abbey. This was done by Osbert de Arches at the time of the Norman Conquest and confirmed in the reign of Richard I.

The village is listed in the Domesday Book as Acastre in the wapentake of Ainsty in the West Riding of Yorkshire, having 11 households under the lordship of Wulstan, who was replaced by Robert Malet in 1086.

College Farm at Acaster Selby is named after a former college, or a chantry, which was dissolved during the reign of Henry VIII. The site of the St Andrew's College, 440 m to the north-east of the farm, is a scheduled monument and includes extensive earthworks of buildings and a moated enclosure.

Geography
The village has an area of 1,523 acre. It lies 1.3 mi south-east of Appleton Roebuck.

Demography
According to the 1881 census the population was 115. The 2001 census showed a population of 56 in 20 households.

Governance
The Parish is part of joint parish with Appleton Roebuck and has one seat on its council. It is part of the Selby & Ainsty constituency. It is part of the Appleton Roebuck and Church Fenton electoral division of North Yorkshire Council.

Religion
St John's Church, Acaster Selby dates from 1850. It lies to the south of the village just off Back Lane. It is a Grade II Listed Building.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Acaster Selby


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Accott

Accott is an historic estate, now a small settlement, in the parish of Bishop's Tawton in the county of Devon, England

History
The place-name Accott is reputed to have come from an Anglo-Saxon landowner called Acca, who "once owned a sizeable estate in this district", thus "Acca's Cott" (Acca's farmstead) (See List of generic forms in place names in Ireland and the United Kingdom). He also owned nearby Acland, Landkey, 3 miles to the west, the original seat of the prominent Acland family, which manor's name signifies "Acca's lane". Persons with this name living in the 8th century included three bishops in the Anglo-Saxon Church: Acca of Dunwich (8th century), Acca of Hereford (8th century) and Acca of Hexham (b c. 660 - 740 or 742), or Saint Acca.

The mansion house at Accott has a Grade II listed private chapel. it is believed to date from the 12th century. The house became derelict in the 1950s. The chapel is located at the western end of the house and was used for Roman Catholic services when the Giffards lived there in the late 16th century following the Dissolution of the Monasteries. The senior branch of the Giffard family was seated at nearby Brightley in the adjoining parish of Chittlehampton. The estate comprised several farms and formed part of the manor of Bishop's Tawton, held in-chief by the Bishop of Exeter. A document states that Accott was held by Richard Cotell from a feudal overlord named Drogo de Lington in 1127 after his ancestors were granted the estate by a Bishop of Exeter. Alice Cotell gave it in exchange for a sore goshawk 150 years later and a life annuity to John Giffard, whose family owned it for a further 100 years.

In 1890 cannonballs were found embedded in the wall by workmen during repairs to the house. They indicate that Accott may have been the scene of a battle, probably during the Civil War (1642–1651). It was then sold by three sisters and joint-heiresses who had inherited the estate following the death of their two brothers who killed each other in a quarrel. For a further 300 years the prominent Chichester family of Hall (in the same parish) owned the farm up until the early 20th century. The Chichester estate had to sell Accot in order to pay Estate Duty. Both farms were bought by the Lee family, who used the house for storage.

title: Accott


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Holy Name Cathedral

Holy Name Cathedral or the Cathedral of the Holy Name are the names of several cathedrals.

 * Holy Name Cathedral, Brisbane (never completed)
 * Holy Name Cathedral, Chicago
 * Holy Name Cathedral, Mumbai
 * Holy Name Cathedral (Steubenville, Ohio)

title: Holy Name Cathedral


text: Category:Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad


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Ying Wa Girls' School

Ying Wa Girls' School is a HKCCCC secondary day school for girls in Mid-Levels, in Hong Kong. The campus is located at 76 Robinson Road, Mid-levels. The enrolment currently stands at slightly under 1,000 students. It is one of the 22 Grant Schools in Hong Kong. Ying Wa Girls' School is a selective secondary school and its graduates are known for their distinguished performances at public examinations. The current Principal of the School is Mr. Francis Kwan. He succeeded Mrs. Ruth Lee as the Principal in 2015.

The present campus comprises two sites: The Robinson Road Campus (Site A) stretching from Robinson Road all the way down to near Bonham Road, and the newly acquired Breezy Path Campus (Site B).

History
Ying Wa Girls' School was founded in 1900 by Helen Davies of the London Missionary Society. The School started as a boarding school for girls and expanded to include a secondary school section in 1915 and a two-year kindergarten in 1916. The School was referred to in English as ‘Training Home’. It was not until 1920 that the name Ying Wa Girls’ school was officially adopted. The School started as a privately run school with a boarding section for primary pupils. However, it ceased taking on boarders in 1940. In 1968, the primary school section closed and the School became a purely secondary school. In 1966, London Missionary Society was restructured to become the Council for World Mission and Ying Wa Girls' School became one of the affiliated schools of the Hong Kong Council of the Church of Christ in China.

Ying Wa Girls' School was one of the first girls' schools in Hong Kong that proposed the establishment of the student union. Students were elected to represent their peers and worked to promote self-expression.

As a missionary of the London Missionary Society, Miss Vera Silcocks (1902–1977) came by boat from England to Hong Kong in 1927 to teach in the School. She spoke fluent Cantonese. In 1939, she became the Headmistress of the School. In December 1941, Hong Kong fell upon the Japanese invasion in the Battle of Hong Kong. This Battle was a part of World War II. During the subsequent Japanese occupation of Hong Kong, Miss Silcocks was held by the Japanese in the Stanley Internment Camp.

After the War, in 1945, the School reopened. In 1947, Miss Silcocks returned to the School as Headmistress. In 1948, the School Council was established. In 1949, the Student Association was established. In 1967, Miss Silcocks retired and returned to England.

Redevelopment of campus
In December 2009, Ying Wa announced its redevelopment project. Supported by the Education Bureau, a new campus will replace the existing one on the same Robinson Road-Bonham Road site which has housed the school for over a century. On completion, available ground area will be expanded by about 50%, thus making it possible to overcome the recurring and constant lack of space since the founding.

In November 2011, Ying Wa Girls' School received HK $10 million from the Li Ka Shing Foundation. It was used to establish the Li Chong Yuet Ming Student Development Fund to provide opportunities for students, named after Madam Amy Li Chong Yuet-ming, wife of Li Ka-shing, who attended the school.

In 2015, building work for the new school campus in Robinson Road began. The school moved to Sham Shui Po for that period.

Relationship with Ying Wa College
Ying Wa College is a school for boys founded also by the London Missionary Society. The Principal of Ying Wa College, Mr. Allan Cheng, is a member of the Incorporated Management Committee of Ying Wa Girls' School, while Mr. Francis Kwan is also a member of the Committee of Ying Wa College.

Uniform
The school's uniform is a blue cheongsam, with silver school and house badges right under the hook of the collar.

Class structure and curriculum
There are altogether 30 classes in the school.

Form 1: 5 classes (A,B,C,D,E)

Form 2: 5 classes

Form 3: 5 classes

Form 4: 5 classes (NSS Curriculum)

Form 5: 5 classes (NSS Curriculum)

Form 6: 5 classes (NSS Curriculum)

Secondary One to Three offer a broad general curriculum with a good balance among languages, arts, science, cultural and practical subjects as well as religious education and physical education.

In Secondary Four to Six (NSS curriculum), students can choose 3 electives from a range of 15 subjects besides the 4 core subjects: Chinese, English, Mathematics and Liberal Studies.

Students will take the Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education Examination at the end of Secondary Six for admission to tertiary institutes through the Joint University Programmes Admission System (JUPAS).

As an E.M.I. (English as the Medium of Instruction) school, Ying Wa adopts English as the teaching medium in most subjects with the aim of achieving biliteracy (Chinese and English) and trilingualism with the inclusion of Putonghua.

All subjects, except Chinese Language, Chinese Language and Culture, Chinese Literature, Chinese History, Religious Education, Physical Education and Putonghua, are taught in English.

Lessons are arranged on a 5-day week basis. Toastmaster Leadership Training Programmes, Oral English Classes, Public Speaking Classes and Instrument Classes are offered after school and on Saturdays.

Student Association
Established by former principal, Miss Silcocks, in 1949, the Student Association is one of the oldest student bodies among local schools.

House system
There are five Houses, named after the five early principals of the school:
 * Davies (green)
 * Hogben (yellow)
 * Hutchinson (blue)
 * Silcocks (orange)
 * Jenkins (red)

Each house is represented by two house captains. The houses compete with each other on sports day and at the swimming gala. The aim of establishing the house system is to strengthen the students' ties to the school.

Controversy over documentary
In February 2023, the documentary To My Nineteen-year-old Self by Mabel Cheung, which followed the lives of six Ying Wa Girls' School students over a decade, was pulled from cinemas after some of the students said that they had not given consent to screen it publicly. The school maintained that consent forms had been signed by the girls at the beginning of filming and during the production. Cheung issued an apology, as did Ruth Shek Yuk-yu, the former headteacher of the college who was involved in the film. The documentary won a series of accolades, including the 2022 Hong Kong Film Critics Society Award.

title: Ying Wa Girls' School


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Bulgarian solitaire

In mathematics and game theory, Bulgarian solitaire is a card game that was introduced by Martin Gardner.

In the game, a pack of $$N$$ cards is divided into several piles. Then for each pile, remove one card; collect the removed cards together to form a new pile (piles of zero size are ignored).

If $$N$$ is a triangular number (that is, $$N=1+2+\cdots+k$$ for some $$k$$), then it is known that Bulgarian solitaire will reach a stable configuration in which the sizes of the piles are $$1,2,\ldots, k$$. This state is reached in $$k^2-k$$ moves or fewer. If $$N$$ is not triangular, no stable configuration exists and a limit cycle is reached.

Random Bulgarian solitaire
In random Bulgarian solitaire or stochastic Bulgarian solitaire a pack of $$N$$ cards is divided into several piles. Then for each pile, either leave it intact or, with a fixed probability $$p$$, remove one card; collect the removed cards together to form a new pile (piles of zero size are ignored). This is a finite irreducible Markov chain.

In 2004, Brazilian probabilist of Russian origin Serguei Popov showed that stochastic Bulgarian solitaire spends "most" of its time in a "roughly" triangular distribution.

title: Bulgarian solitaire


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Talk:Long barrow

Reference to Loftus, West Yorkshire
This article contained the entry:

 * Street House near Loftus in West Yorkshire

which I disambiguated to:

 * Street House near Loftus in West Yorkshire

as part of the process of disambiguating Loftus, North Yorkshire and Loftus, New South Wales, both of which definately exist.

However I can find no reference to a Loftus in West Yorkshire in either Google, or the Ordnance Survey's usually reliable placename gazeteer.

So I'm wonder if this is an error. Anybody know any better?. -- Chris j wood 12:15, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

There definitely is a Loftus, at this. It was in Cleveland, now North Yorkshire! Street house is to the east of this Loftus. JimChampion 01:11, 30 December 2006 (UTC)

Barrows in Denmark
Just a note that other countries do not seem to have been mentioned. Denmark, at least seems to be littered with barrows. http://www.insula-moenia.dk/ancient.html Sandpiper 05:59, 9 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Feel free to add a section about Danish long barrows! JimChampion (talk) 14:47, 20 January 2008 (UTC)

Long barrows in Russia
I've moved the sentence about Birger Nerman's excavations of Russian long barrows to a new section, as it is not really appropriate in the opening paragraph of the article. JimChampion (talk) 14:47, 20 January 2008 (UTC)

List of Long Burrows
We have a list of long burrows in Wales here. Is there an equivalent in Scotland, England and Ireland? Let's build one up, if not - a long one! Llywelyn2000 (talk) 07:01, 20 March 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Long barrow


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Cavendish tobacco

Cavendish tobacco is tobacco that has been heat treated with fire or steam and then subjected to heavy pressure in order to produce a sweet taste with a moist texture. American, Dutch, and Danish varieties involve the addition of flavorings; while British Cavendish, commonly known as unsweetened or unflavored Cavendish brings out the natural sugars in the tobacco through pressure applied during the preparation process. Cavendish tobacco is named after Sir Thomas Cavendish.

The varieties of tobacco leaves most commonly used to create Cavendish tobacco are Virginia and Burley.

The flavorings include sugar, cherry, maple, honey, licorice, chocolate, coconut, rum, strawberry, vanilla, walnut and bourbon.

Process
After being cured, Cavendish tobaccos are steamed and then pressed into a cake approximately 2.5 cm (1 in) thick. Then the cake is heated using fire or steam, allowing the tobacco to ferment. After, the fermented cakes are cut into slices and packed into pipes (a large wooden barrel). Finally, flavoring may be added before the leaves are pressed again. English Cavendish uses a dark flue or fire cured Virginia, which is steamed and then stored under pressure to allow it to cure and ferment for several days or weeks.

title: Cavendish tobacco


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Masters of Wisdom

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete -- Joolz 17:49, 10 September 2005 (UTC)

Masters of Wisdom
Very, very, very POV, and unsalvageably so. I think that the path of wisdom would be to get rid of it. DS 12:19, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per Master DS.  klenk 12:23, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - It sounds like a hoax or a new cult! UniReb 12:45, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak Delete Tom Cruisecruft Just kidding.... Can this be verified? Roodog2k (talk) 13:17, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Chunitaku 14:04, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete When the Masters of Wisdom become enlightened enough to spell "enlightened" correctly, maybe they'll have achieved some claim to notability. --Last Malthusian 16:08, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The claims seem to be of a general kind, and not about a specific group. It is wise to delete, unless new revelations compel a change of course— encephalon |  ζ   16:11:59, 2005-09-02 (UTC)
 * Delete as unverifiable, likely to be only so much equine excrement. 03:38, 3 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Rollercoaster (TV series)

RollerCoaster is a children's television show which was broadcast by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation from between January 2005 and January 2010. Hosted by Elliot Spencer, it was aimed at an older audience than that for ABC For Kids.

RollerCoaster was a "wrapper" show, usually incorporating three to five externally produced animated programs (formerly a mix of animated and live action shows) of varying lengths, which were interspersed with locally produced studio or location segments hosted by Spencer. It was aimed at older children and young teenaged audiences. The host, Elliot Spencer was usually the sole presenter, dressing up as characters for short sketches sometimes; on occasion members of RollerCoaster crew also appear in gags and sketches. The show also included regular features jointly presented by Spencer and Ruben Meerman, "The Surfing Scientist".

RollerCoaster followed a well-established format for Australian children's television. In order to comply with government-mandated Australian content regulations, local broadcasters have traditionally engaged a local presenter or team of presenters to "wrap" (or "top and tail") pre-produced segments such as cartoons. These shows offer a relatively inexpensive means of filling children's viewing times on Australian TV—the wrapper segments are generally made with a small crew and feature minimal production values; in the early days of Australian television the wrapper segments were performed live, although today they are now usually pre-recorded. The outsourced content is often purchased at relatively low cost, and for many decades Australian networks have been offered package-deal rates by American production houses and networks, as an incentive to purchase bundled content.

The 'outsourced' segments of the show were most commonly short animated series. Many of these programs are produced outside Australia with most sourced from other English-speaking countries, chiefly the United States, Britain, Canada and New Zealand. RollerCoaster alternates these short programs (e.g. Shaun the Sheep, The Mr. Men Show) with longer animated or live-action children's programs in a variety of genres, such as Roman Mysteries, Wolverine and the X-Men, Naturally Sadie, 6Teen, Carl Squared, Atomic Betty, Young Dracula, Lizzie Mcguire, Even Stevens, Zoey 101, The Fairly OddParents, Best Ed, Silversun, Avatar: The Last Airbender, Round the Twist and more recently, the children's reality competition Escape from Scorpion Island. Such programs are usually produced for American or Canadian commercial or cable TV and are structured to allow the insertion of advertising breaks, so they have a slightly shorter running time on RollerCoaster, since the ABC carries no external advertising.

The locally produced portions of RollerCoaster featuring Spencer featured a number of recurring segments including: "Fetch", "Feed Me", "Now Poll", "MEE News", and "The Surfing Scientist" and "Professor Slo and Doctor Mo". Many of these segments included elements of audience participation or contributions via email or the RollerCoaster website's moderated chat rooms and message boards.

On 30 January 2010, Elliot Spencer announced he was leaving the show after five years of hosting, the ABC decided not to replace him and end the show completely. The show has been succeeded by Studio 3.

Beginning
The series began in January 2005, filling a slot once occupied by The Afternoon Show. It broke over the Australian summer school holidays and was replaced by a special Christmas line-up. During the holidays there were generally three or four popular shows repeated every day, rather than interchanging every day.

Sometimes instead of the usual three or four shows a 'special' would be shown. These included 'double episodes' of Degrassi: The Next Generation and the Edgar and Ellen specials. Wallace and Gromit stop motion animation movies were shown as well. Each year, the last week of RollerCoaster would air Christmas related programmes or holiday themed episodes of series which have aired on the show previously.

Broadcast
Graphics for the studio segments are produced using Chroma key or green screen technology. This means many gags, information segments, and backgrounds, can be used and changed quickly. Props are kept to a minimum, like in the Feed Me segment where a preparation table and mixing bowl are used, or in Chatter and other segments where a retro style yellow table appears, now a RollerCoaster signed table with green and black stripes on the front and a storage on the back.

Rewind
From Monday 19 June 2006, RollerCoaster Rewind began on ABC1 in early weekday mornings, the show repeated the programming from four months earlier in reverse order originally until from 9 July 2007, where this was changed so that the programmes were aired in the correct order, though later again reverted to reverse order. Because RollerCoaster Rewind runs in the non-ratings season and the regular show does not, in early 2008 RollerCoaster Rewind caught up to the current broadcast of RollerCoaster, resulting in the ABC replacing their early morning programming by other series until 'Rewind' resumed from where it left off.

On Friday 21 December 2007, the last show of RollerCoaster aired for that year, returning on Monday 25 February 2008 for its first show of the new year.

Revamp
From 2 March 2009, the show moved from its previous time slot of 5:00–6:00 p.m. AEST, and moved down an hour earlier, from 4:00–5:00 p.m.. The presentation also changed to filming in a real set in contrast to previously, where they would film in front of a green screen with closed captions. It remained a wrapper program, and the segments remained the same, however the programs were no longer interchanged, and each day featured the same line-up of shows. Another change was that it only included animation now, with live action shows not "boxed" by the RollerCoaster format and were seen following in the 5pm-6pm slot.

ABC3
From 7 December 2009, RollerCoaster began airing on the then recently launched children-orientated multi-channel ABC3 following the original screening on its sister channel ABC1 from 4-5pm. A RollerCoaster Rewind carbon copy version of the show entitled RollerCoaster on Vacation aired on ABC3 during the 09–10 Australian school holidays.

Ending
At the end of the Friday 29 January 2010 edition, Spencer announced that he was leaving the show and thanked viewers for his five years as presenter and writer of the series. By the same date, the main RollerCoaster URL was redirecting visitors to the new ABC3 website; some pages including "Elliot's Blah" still function, though now carry the disclaimer that they are no long being updated as well as a link redirecting visitors to a new RollerCoaster section in the ABC3 site. Elliot sang a song entitled "Bye for now, not forever!" and explained "it was a good five years".

Segments and features
RollerCoaster sometimes show special weeks either to celebrate an event or an incoming show, like Roma Week, which centres on the incoming show of Roman Mysteries in 2007; Christmas week, celebrating Christmas by showing programs relating to Christmas; magic week, celebrating magic by showing a magic trick done by a professional every episode. Theme weeks have also included Feed Me Week with Feed me being presented every day, also done in a similar way with Elliot and the Surfing Scientist on National Science Week. There have also been Sports Week, with Elliot finding out about different sports; and a character week when Elliot dressed up as characters that he has dressed up as before. In 2009 there are themed days as well as weeks.

As well as special segments, special weeks and days are sometimes scheduled according to a general theme. In 2007 'All New Tuesday' (ANT) made all shows shown on Tuesdays new, and on Thursday the theme was 'Rollertoons Day'. In 2008 'All New Tuesday' has been replaced by a new 'Rollertoons Day', Thursday shows are all Australian-made, Friday shows all have a "creepy" theme, and Mondays have been set aside purely for comedy shows as 'LOL Day'. This is no longer used in 2009 since the same shows are on each day of the week. One time, Elvis Presley (acted out by Elliot Spencer) was on RollerCoaster on Wednesday of June in 2009 and included a Whizz Quiz about Elvis and a NOW Excuses about Elvis' CD.

Regular segments include:
 * 'Feed Me', a cooking segment where Elliot attempts to cook and then tries a recipe sent in by an audience member (on Wednesday)
 * 'Feedback', when viewers send in letters to Elliot (on Tuesday and Thursday)
 * 'Chatter', Elliot reads chats that had been sent on the website on a particular topic. He also reads jokes and acronyms (on Tuesday, sometimes)
 * 'LOCIW' Elliot reads acronyms sent in by viewers (on Monday)
 * 'Fetch', a segment where people send in their made-up words with their definitions. Elliot tries to put all these words into a weird anecdote (on Friday).
 * 'What Career am I?', where Elliot gives clues and then reveals a career. He introduces someone that has that career and gives them a challenge. Similar segments called "Where in the world am I?" and "Which Olympian am I? Past or present" have also featured in the past.
 * 'Elliot and The Surfing Scientist', where Elliot and Ruben Meerman do simple experiments (on Tuesday).
 * 'El Lamo World Records', where viewers send in record attempts for Elliot to 'attempt but not necessarily complete' one or even two at once of these on air (on Tuesday, sometimes).
 * 'Roller Tale', where viewers send in stories which must be about Elliot's fictional alter egos Tapioca Toe Maker and Pocket Waffle. These are acted out by Elliot (on Friday, now the story finished).
 * 'Sponge Brain Quiz', a true or false quiz, shown before Naturally Sadie with nature-themed questions. In the past it has been about Roman Mysteries and Dinosapien and themed to these shows. Since Naturally Sadie ended, the Quiz is still present in the same time slot. In 2009 it was renamed Whizz Quiz and was not nature-based. (on Wednesday).
 * 'MEE News', Elliot dresses up as Michael Eion Everyringtone and presents a news bulletin. (on Friday)
 * 'NOW', Elliot presents the audience a poll, hypothetical situation or question on one day. Viewers vote on the show's website and the results are featured on the next day's episode. (Monday/Tuesday for polls, Tuesday/Wednesday for HPS, Wednesday/Thursday for questions)
 * 'Replay Bits That We've Played Already', where viewers request segments previously aired to be replayed (on Thursday).
 * 'Professor Slo and Doctor Mo', where Elliot and Ruben Meerman dress up as the segment's namesakes and show a science experiment in slo mo (on Thursday).
 * 'Triple Triple Triplets', 'The Kransky Sisters', where music critics review an album or explain it (on Monday, sometimes)
 * 'Jaxon's 5', a play on the Jackson 5, this features a food correspondent explain a meal's top five highlights (on Wednesday, sometimes).
 * Booked out, a book review performed by Geoff Hutchison's son Hugh (unknown day).
 * 'Jade's Movies', a play when a movie correspondent explain a movie, past or present, and gives how many reviews out of 5 is the movie (on Monday, sometimes).
 * 'T5', Elliot reads tongue-twisters (On Friday, sometimes).
 * 'Talk to Me', Elliot tells a question from the viewers and answer it.
 * 'Best of ABC3', Elliot to be RollerCoaster from the viewers and answer it from RollerCoaster in ABC3. See ABC3.
 * 'Zimmer Twins', A series of mini-movies made by kids around the country on the RollerCoaster website. The series also aired on Teletoon for Canadian viewers.

Other segments are used only once or rarely, as in Your Jokes, a division of Chatter, where viewers send in jokes. It is sometimes used as fill-ins for updated segments, such as when the Now technology was being "re-now-ified".

RollerCoaster sometimes show special weeks either to celebrate an event or an incoming show, like Roma Week, which centres on the incoming show of Roman Mysteries in 2007; Christmas week, celebrating Christmas by showing programs relating to Christmas; magic week, celebrating magic by showing a magic trick done by a professional every episode. Theme weeks have also included Feed Me Week with Feed me being presented every day, also done in a similar way with Elliot and the Surfing Scientist on National Science Week. There have also been Sports Week, with Elliot finding out about different sports; and a character week when Elliot dressed up as characters that he has dressed up as before. In 2009 there are themed days as well as weeks.

As well as special segments, special weeks and days are sometimes scheduled according to a general theme. In 2007 'All New Tuesday' made all shows shown on Tuesdays new, and on Thursday the theme was 'Rollertoons Day'. In 2008 'All New Tuesday' has been replaced by a new 'Rollertoons Day', Thursday shows are all Australian-made, Friday shows all have a "creepy" theme, and Mondays have been set aside purely for comedy shows as 'LOL Day'. This is not used anymore in 2009 since the same shows are on each day of the week. One time, Elvis Presley (acted out by Elliot Spencer) was on RollerCoaster on Wednesday of June in 2009 and included a Whizz Quiz about Elvis and a NOW Excuses about Elvis' CD.

Graphics for the studio segments are produced using Chroma Key or green screen technology. This means many gags, information segments, and backgrounds, can be used and changed quickly. Props are kept to a minimum, like in the Feed Me segment where a preparation table and mixing bowl are used, or in Chatter and other segments where a retro style yellow table appears, now a RollerCoaster signed table with green and black stripes on the front and a storage on the back.

The theme tune "(RollerCoaster)" was performed and co-written by former ABC-TV Creature Features presenter Nick Hardcastle. It was fully played in 2005 along with a video clip featuring Hardcastle and a man dressed as a rabbit. The opening graphics are computer generated and feature an interdimensional trip through a fantastic world of images and 3D graphics, culminating by racing through a portal into a white universe with a complex 3D image of a space station style city with roads, skyscrapers, cars, butterflies and robots before the RollerCoaster logo appears from outside the screen to form itself in front of the base of the floating city. This theme has remained unchanged since 2005 (except in 2009, the RollerCoaster is longer, in 2005 to 2008 and Thursday to Friday in 2009, the theme song was 23 seconds, and in Monday to Wednesday in 2009 it was 28 seconds).

Website
"RollerCoaster" is also the name of the show's website, which was created a few years previous to the show itself and features the phrase 'Rhymes with toaster'. The website itself was advertised as 'RollerCoaster' on the current timeslot taken by the show for a couple of years before the show began. The website features articles on shows and games and other entertainment related to shows or the general youth genre. This site is also where polls, voting, feedback and other interactive content could be submitted.

title: Rollercoaster (TV series)


text:
Colectivo

Colectivo (English: collective bus) is the name given in Argentina to a type of public transportation vehicle, especially those of Argentina's capital city, Buenos Aires. The name comes from vehículos de transporte colectivo ("vehicles for collective transport"), reflecting their origin as shared taxis.

When they first appeared in the 1920s, colectivos were small buses built out of smaller vehicle chassis (cars, vans, etc.) and, later, out of truck chassis (1950–1990, by Mercedes-Benz Argentina), not specifically designed for the transportation of people, and were decorated with unique hand-painted drawings (fileteado) that gave each unit a distinct flavor.

They steadily evolved and grew larger, but kept their picturesque style until the 1990s, when the urban fleet was modernized with standard rear-engined bus units.

During most of their history, tickets were sold by the driver, who would drive off as soon as all passengers had boarded, selling tickets while driving.

1928–1950
Taxi-bus, Chevrolet Double Phaeton, creation of the "líneas"

In the 1900s Argentina was the "Granary of the World", one of the largest world food producers and exporters, and a wealthy country. The streets of prosperous Buenos Aires (with 2 million inhabitants) soon filled with cars. Commercial relations with the United Kingdom (mainly trade in meat and grain), also brought a myriad of investors and enterprises in the early years of the century, including Latin America's first metro system, cars, trains, tramways, taxis and public buses.

On 24 September 1928, the first taxi-bus ran through Buenos Aires. Later called "colectivo", it was based on an Argentine-manufactured longer-wheelbase Chevrolet Superior K-series Double Phaeton called "Especial Argentino". It provided public transportation throughout Buenos Aires on pre-defined itineraries and stops, charging a low price for each passenger.

Chevrolet started manufacturing a truck chassis adaptable to passenger transport. By the 1930s the size of the colectivo had increased from five to up to a dozen seats, and the Chevrolet line had become widely used, with bodies made by local companies. This style was kept until the 1970s and 1980s, by which time the units had twenty seats plus cramped room for many standing passengers.

During its heyday, drivers deliberately challenged the "real" public buses and electric tramways, parking near them at the busiest stations and driving close to them during the day to pick up their passengers. Soon people started to prefer these colectivos, which displaced the original buses and trams.

With time the routes were formalized, and owners of colectivos joined together into lines that operated standard routes, distinguished by numbers displayed on the colectivos. Since several lines often traversed the same roads, companies began to adopt different colors to distinguish their units more clearly than by the number alone. Line 60, a particularly well-known line with a long route, had its beginnings in this era.

1950–1990
Mercedes-Benz truck and buses

After World War II and during the 1950s Argentine industry started to develop again, but the country's public transport system was inadequate for the new era: practically no modernization had taken place since the early years, and the suburban railway system was not sufficient to meet the rising demands of the population.

Mercedes-Benz moved into the colectivo market: in 1951 the then Daimler-Benz AG set up in Argentina its first factories outside Germany: one in the town of San Martín, near Buenos Aires, and another in González Catán.

Mercedes released updated local colectivo chassis, a modified L 3500 truck chassis – LO 3500, OP 3500, LO 311, LO 312, LO 911 (the [O] stands for Omnibus) – with a separately manufactured body fitted later by different coachbuilders. In less than a decade the output was 6,500 units a year. In 1963 Mercedes built the 10,000nd colectivo (model LO 312), and continued with other models, such as L 1112 (120 HP), LA 1112 (all-wheel traction) and the L 1114. The Mercedes-Benz colectivos had truck powerplants, a diesel engine with power transmitted to the rear axle by a five-speed constant-mesh gearbox.

All the lines progressively adopted these units and, from 1950 to 1990, all colectivos were eventually Mercedes-Benz models.

1990s to the present
'''Omnibus. Blurring of the tradition of the colectivo'''

In 1987 El Detalle, one of the bus body suppliers of Mercedes-Benz, started competing with its former chassis provider, investing in low price and modern urban buses, with cheaper Deutz engines. That same year model El Detalle OA-101 was launched. This model was rear-engined and had pneumatic suspension, providing smoother rides and more inside space. Mercedes-Benz responded the following year with the rear-engined OH-1314, but that was considered "the death of the Colectivo", certainly the end of an era.

In 1989 the last truck-based colectivos, on the classic Mercedes-Benz chassis LO-1114, were assembled. Production had been discontinued the previous year.

During the 1990s some companies found it cheaper to switch to single-colored units, and a flurry of mergers and foldings changed the appearance of colectivos.

Nowadays, only the three-digit numbering and some of the routes survive from the traditional "líneas", fileteado is rarely seen, the filigranas were lost, and some of the classic big details, such as the panoramic mirrors close to the driver's head, disappeared.

After 1995 automatic ticket machines made journeys safer, since drivers did not have to sell tickets and drive at the same time.

In 2005 Mercedes-Benz units accounted for about half of the buses in the city of Buenos Aires and its surroundings, with units built in Buenos Aires (La Favorita, Eivar, Italbus, Bimet-Corwin, Galicia, CND, CEAP, Ugarte, etc.) and in Brazil (Marcopolo, CAIO and others). The other half were El Detalle units and others such as Scania, Volv racteristics until the 1990s:

Multi-colored units
Decorators used many colorful combinations over the units' external body, helping identify each one of the líneas. These eventually evolved into "corporate colors": when one company ran several lines, they painted buses on all lines in the same colors. Until the 1990s the fileteado, individual to each bus, was maintained.

Fileteados
Fileteado has been defined as: "art on wheels": full of colored ornaments and symmetries completed with poetic phrases, sayings and aphorisms, both humorous or roguish, emotional or philosophical". The colectivos were where this art found its best canvas. Long, wide mirrors placed around the driver seat often had winding drawings and motifs that usually portrayed the driver's preferences in football, religion and tango. The outside of the units was also painted with fileteado details, flower motifs, national flags, and football team banners. It was also very common to see phrases written down in complex fonts, usually at the back. These phrases were often ingenious puns or rhymes and became part of Argentine folklore. A simple example of a very common phrase is: Lo mejor que hizo la vieja es el pibe que maneja (loosely "The best thing my mum did was this bus-driving kid").

Other details
The units with a larger budget had more details added around the driver's seat. These usually came in the form of lights of exotic colors or seat covers with wool and fringes or even leather. It was very common to see the gear-stick full of hanging knickknacks and the casing where the tickets and coins were stored covered with motifs.

Before 1995 tickets were sold by the colectivero (driver) as he drove; they were colored strips of paper with a 5-digit number. Palindromic numbers (such as 10301) were called capicuas (from Catalan cap i cua, "head and tail") and sometimes collected.

Usage in Buenos Aires
The colectivo bus operations of Buenos Aires provide a widespread and frequent bus service that attracts exceptionally high ridership with virtually no public financial support beyond subsidized petrol to keep fares low.

With low ticket prices, very frequent services, and extensive routes, with many places within 400m of a route, the colectivo is a very widely used mode of transportation around the city. "Porteños" (Autonomous City of Buenos Aires' residents) have a love-hate relationship with the colectivo: on the one hand, they are usually very crowded in rush hour and plagued with pickpockets, petty thieves, beggars and hawkers (itinerant salesmen), though more controlled nowadays. On the other hand, they are a necessity in the city, and a convenient and cheap way to get around. Most colectivos in the big cities of Argentina do not have a fixed timetable, but run at least four, and often many more, services per hour, depending on the bus line and time of day. During night-time, all colectivos in Buenos Aires city run through their stops at least twice an hour.

Since December 10, 2015, SUBE card is the only way to pay the trips. It can refilled in drugstores, train and subway (Subte) stations or prefilled in payment cell apps before accreditation in terminals on train, subte and some Metrobus stations

In popular culture

 * The makers of the 1979 motion picture La fiesta de todos, after Argentina's victory in the 1978 FIFA World Cup were forced by the military government to film one of its key stories inside a colectivo.
 * One of Argentina's best-remembered soap operas was called Un mundo de 20 asientos ("A 20-seat world") and its main character was a colectivero (colectivo driver).
 * Domestically, the colectivo is also called bondi; the word comes from the name of Rio de Janeiro's tramways (bondes), in turn from English bonds, which is how the government paid for the Rio tramway system to the British company that built it.
 * The term colectivo came to be used in some neighbouring countries including Paraguay. However, the word can also be found in all Latinamerica, particularly Colombia, Peru (as Combi), Chile and Nicaragua.

title: Colectivo


text:
Rex White

Rex White (born August 17, 1929) is a retired auto racer and NASCAR champion. White was one of the drivers who competed for the original Chevrolet racing team. He began racing in 1956, grabbing fourteen top-ten finishes. After a part-time run in 1957, White won twice in 1958. His most notable year came in 1960, when he won six races, and the NASCAR Grand National Series championship. When he retired in 1964, he had acquired 28 career victories. Throughout most of White's NASCAR career, he drove General Motors brand cars, typically painted gold and white, sporting the number "4" on the side. After he retired, White was inducted into the National Motorsports Press Association (NMPA) Hall of Fame in 1974, and was named one of NASCAR's 50 Greatest Drivers in 1998.

Personal life
White was born on August 17, 1929, and raised in Taylorsville, North Carolina. White said that at the age of eight, he was working on his family's Model T. "I was unaware the car on which I labored represented hope to people around me, frustration to those trying to stop illegal moonshine. I saw automobiles as transportation, not the symbol of an upcoming billion-dollar sport." White was born during the Great Depression, and suffered from polio as a young boy The polio left one leg withered, but when speaking about it White said: "Most of the lessons I have learned have stayed with me all my life. The biggest one was how to conquer fear." Rex learned how to drive by piloting a neighbor's truck in the fields where he lived when he was 6 years old, and often pretended to drive while sitting in the family Model T, imagining that he was on a race track. White's looks have at times been compared to those of comedian George Gobel.

Racing career
In 1954 White got his first car when one of his wife's relatives helped him scrape together the $600 he needed for an old 1937 Ford. Within a year he was making enough at the race-tracks to survive. White ran his first race in the Sportsman division at West Lanham Speedway in Maryland. He was forced to drop out of the race due to engine problems. By the time the season was over, White, as a rookie, had won the Sportsman championship at the 1/5-mile high-banked oval.

NASCAR
Rex White started racing in NASCAR in 1956, when the premier stock-car racing sport was known as the Grand National division. He started 24 races in 1956 and finished in the top 10 on 14 occasions, as well as finishing second in the final NASCAR Short Track standings, a lower division of the NASCAR Grand Nationals.

White competed in only 9 of 53 events in 1957; but finished in the top 10 in six of those events, with four of those finishes being in the top 5.

In 1958 White moved from Washington to Spartanburg in order to join forces with Louis Clements, his friend, partner, and chief mechanic. White and Clements proceeded to build their first late-model Chevy, and started competing together in the NASCAR circuit. They met a year or so earlier when both were working for Chevrolet's factory racing team, an enterprise that retired from racing in June 1957, when Detroit and Chevy temporarily withdrew its financial backing to the industry. White competed a total of 22 times of the 55 races that year, winning his first NASCAR race at the season-opening event at the Champion Speedway in Fayetteville, NC.

At the age of 29, White ran in 23 of 44 NASCAR races, winning five times and capturing five pole positions. He finished the season with 11 top 5s and 13 top 10 finishes.

White's first and only championship came in 1960, and his first win of the season occurred in the ninth event of the season. Through the remainder of the season, White won 6 more of his 28 career victories. White finished outside the top 10 in finishing position only 5 times throughout the 40 starts of that 1960 season, winning the championship. By the end of that 1960 season, he also notched the Most Popular Driver Award, and the Driver of the Year awards. White, in his gold and white 1960 chevy, secured his championship just prior to the season-ending Atlanta 500 mile event. White's championship hopes improved dramatically in the inaugural World 600 (now named the Coca-Cola 600), when his chief rivals, Richard Petty, Junior Johnson, Lee Petty, and three other drivers were disqualified for not making a proper entrance to pit road at the Charlotte Motor Speedway. White eventually finished the 600-mile event in sixth place. White's check for winning the 1960 NASCAR championship totaled $13,000.

In 1961 White won seven races, and finished second in points. He competed in a total of 47 of 55 events that year, and notched a total of 29 top 5s, and a career best 39 top 10 finishes.

White competed in 37 events throughout the 1962 season, winning a career-best 8 times, and finished the season fifth in points. When reflecting back on his racing career, White considered his victory at the 1962 Atlanta speedway one of his best: "My best finish was over Marvin Panch in the 4 car right here in Atlanta in the 1962 Dixie 400. The last fuel stop was out of sequence and my crew chief put on the pit board that he questioned my gas. ... So I knew we weren't going to make it to the end without fueling. I hung on to Marvin and just drafted. He ran out of gas with two laps to go, and I went all the way to the bank."

In 1963 White was unable to win a race for the first time since the 1957 season, but still managed to finish ninth in points, and notch 14 more top 10 finishes. From 1959 through the 1963 season, White won more races (28) than any other driver; including legends Lee and Richard Petty, Ned Jarrett, Fireball Roberts, Junior Johnson, Curtis Turner, Joe Weatherly and Buck Baker.

White was known for running up front even if he did not finish. He was also recognized as one of the first drivers to focus on the goal of the Grand National Series title. Despite racing without substantial backing, he captured 36 poles and had total of 28 career victories in 233 starts. White finished in the top-10 in the point standings six of the nine years he competed in NASCAR's Grand National Series.

NASCAR career statistics
Data as of March 2008

Legacy
Standing only five feet, four inches (1.6m) and weighing 135 pounds, Rex White was the smallest man to ever capture the NASCAR championship as of 2021. After 10 years and over 36,000 miles of racing in 233 races, White accumulated 28 wins, 110 top-5 finishes, and 163 top 10 finishes. White is considered by NASCAR as one of its top 50 drivers, a winner of the Living Legends of Auto Racing Pioneers awards, and the Smokey Yunick Pioneer award. White is also a member of the National Motorsports Press Association Hall of Fame at Darlington, and the Georgia Automobile Racing Hall of Fame. White's 163 top 10 finishes in 233 races, which calculates to about 70%, is unlikely to be topped due to the parity and longevity of today's drivers. Only Tim Flock comes close to such record numbers.

White authored his autobiography titled Gold Thunder, and teamed with editor Ann Jones for a second book covering 58 memoirs of past and present NASCAR legends titled All Around The Track.

In January 2015 White was selected as an inductee to the NASCAR Hall of Fame. At the time, White was NASCAR's "oldest living champion at 85 years of age". White retains that title at age 94 as of 2022.

Rex White Motorsports Memorial Plaza - Home to 5Wkids Outdoor Learning Area is located at the former Augusta International Raceway that is being developed into Diamond Lakes Regional Park in Hephzibah, Georgia.

NASCAR
(key) ( Bold – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. Italics – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. * – Most laps led. ** – All laps led. )

title: Rex White


text: Category:Wimbledon F.C. managers

title: Category:Wimbledon F.C. managers


text: User talk:82.31.2.104

title: User talk:82.31.2.104


text:
Template talk:Infobox drug

 * 2016-12-08: add ECHA InfoCard from Wikidata P2566 (// with Chembox)
 * 2017-02-14: add licence_CA, improve showing+link of DailyMedID. licence_US link broken at FDA site.
 * 2017-02-16: PubChem (CID) add option 'none'. Shows & categorised (also: CASnr, Chemspider, ATCcode), simplyfy ATC/vet, fix ATC issues, always show PubChem SID, added licenSe_EU, licenSe_CA, general code cleanup
 * 2017-02-16, indexes (2nd identifiers): use unbulleted list not, use /formatX subtemplates, use standard formatting, rename some index params (hard removal)
 * 2017-02-16, tracking categories: track 2nd identifiers & indexes to help maintenance checking (incl. Wikidata), rename and deprecate some, redo the track subtemplate, add default tracking option (when no need for new category)
 * 2017-05-10: add physiological data set (endogenous drugs); parameter metabolites possible in two sections.
 * 2017-05-19: reorder to position of pronunciation in rare situation; metabolism maybe repeated in contexts; add option component #5.
 * 2017-07-20: add new parameter legal_BR, legal_BR_comment with options (Brazil)
 * 2017-08-18: add INN_EMA to allow EMA-licence showing for differently written INN.
 * 2017-08-25: add local INN variants AAN, BAN, JAN, USAN as synonyms; move synonyms into clinical data section.
 * 2017-10-15: add cat 'Drug has EMA link', rm cat 'Drug has EU (EMA) licence'. See.
 * 2017-10-21: licence_EU and EMA: improve external link (see also subtemplate)
 * 2018-03-08: adjust TemplatePar error message
 * 2018-03-31: add tracking physiologica data
 * 2018-03-31: add section gene therapy; with 4 parameters; tracking
 * 2018-03-31: add parameter gt_target_gene
 * 2018-04-14: adjust labels in gene therapy (gt_*)
 * 2018-04-18: add links 'edit at WD' to E-number and ECHA chart ID
 * 2018-08-20: vaccine_type: allow free text
 * 2019-04-22: add DTXSID, DTXSID2 for CompTox database el (uses P3117)
 * 2020-07-05: Category:Infobox-drug molecular-weight unexpected-character: +main other

Tolerance potential?
I’m sort of puzzled why things like addiction liability and dependence liability are a thing in these info boxes for various drugs but tolerance potential/rate isn’t? I know there is a number of variables like dosage and rate of frequency and even individual enzyme properties, or maybe even receptor sensitivity, but the same is also evidently true for the other aforementioned potentials. From what I can clearly tell, some substances certainly have abnormally fast tolerance increases (such as opioids & amphetamines); whereas others can have pretty modest rate of increased tolerance. And even substances with potential for reverse-tolerance (like salvia and cannabis) should also have this mentioned in the infobox. Dexedream (talk) 04:36, 10 May 2023 (UTC)

 * Interesting thoughts. Got sources?  FYI, I'm working on adding an indicator on pages for drugs that have black box warnings.  I found a source database but I'm struggling to figure out the correct edits to the templates.  (Template talk:Infobox drug/legal status/sandbox, and/or Template talk:Infobox drug/sandbox...) RudolfoMD (talk) 04:28, 23 October 2023 (UTC)

 * Tolerance in and of itself isn't an even remotely notable drug property. To the extent that it plays a role in drug dependence, it's necessary to understand. And, for what it's worth, sensitization of drug reward is the biological process that mediates the development of addiction; drug tolerance doesn't play any role in its pathophysiology. IMO, if there are any notable drug effects that tend to undergo tolerance or sensitization with repeated use, content about that should be added to the article, not dumped into an infobox with limited context.  Seppi  333  (Insert 2¢) 05:03, 9 December 2023 (UTC)

Edit request 15 November 2023
Description of suggested change: Edit the change I made (to the sandbox copy) to the legal_US= line into the template. I tested it in Template:Infobox drug/sandbox and it works. It will display WARNING  based on data I've begun adding to wikidata. I have buy-in at WT:MED.

Diff: Current:

Sandbox:

([edit: I entered the code w/ Template:TextDiff as directed but it didn't display it properly in preview, so diff now manually displayed above. Help, appreciated, collapsed.) RudolfoMD (talk) 01:05, 15 November 2023 (UTC)

(I entered the code as directed but it doesn't display properly in preview. If needed, view diff.)
 * I tried putting  around the parms to the TextDiff above, and it produced this:

 * Davemck (talk) 02:24, 15 November 2023 (UTC)

Diff: Current:

Sandbox:
 * I have fixed the code display for you. – Jonesey95 (talk) 02:26, 15 November 2023 (UTC)

 * ❌ See below. * Pppery * it has begun... 02:30, 19 November 2023 (UTC)

 * Re-opening. I asked several questions below that have gone un-answered for several days. --RudolfoMD (talk) 09:56, 24 November 2023 (UTC)
 * * Pppery *
 * 1. If I add the same URL to the thousands of wikidata entries (which I think is a bad idea) then you'll do the migration? That's worse than making the source info visible here, as my code does.
 * 2. Did you notice that the code you're refusing to add contains a full citation for the data?
 * 3. It does, do doesn't WP:NOTBEUC apply?
 * Hello?
 * -- RudolfoMD (talk) 06:04, 27 November 2023 (UTC)
 * @Jonesey95, would you mind hopping up to this section and explaining why you think that Module:WikidataIB needs to be used, given that the source is being supplied here? I understand not wanted "Boxed warning"; I want to know why you are insisting on "Boxed warning". WhatamIdoing (talk) 16:51, 28 November 2023 (UTC)
 * I have not objected to this section. – Jonesey95 (talk) 16:58, 28 November 2023 (UTC)
 * Well, someone using your account wrote "The code in the above edit request should also use Module:WikidataIB" below. That has been interpreted as an objection to this change. WhatamIdoing (talk) 17:00, 28 November 2023 (UTC)
 * Fair enough. The module is the standard way of implementing the RFC. My question below, "Why would anyone want unsourced information in Wikidata?", seems relevant. – Jonesey95 (talk) 17:45, 28 November 2023 (UTC)
 * A small fraction of it is probably unsourceable; I doubt there are any sources out there that say whether Measles should be listed as an instance of Q12136, Q112193867, or Q112193769 (three variations on saying that it's a 'disease'). Therefore having some fraction unsourced is of no particular concern to me; some of it will be obviously correct in its real-world meaning, even if editors can differ over the ideal item number to represent the obvious fact that it's a disease.
 * In this instance, Rudolfo and I have been talking about the advantages of setting a bot as a sentinel over the items. Sources do not prevent vandalism.  Auto-revert bots do. WhatamIdoing (talk) 18:50, 28 November 2023 (UTC)
 * Glad to see it's been clarified that there's no objection.
 * It's not appropriate that this was derailed. It's not appropriate to demand I try to make or push for someone's unrelated changes that are not even in my wheelhouse.

 * Dear admin:
 * I'm asking that the above-requested template change be made. (In other words, I'm asking that Template:Drugboxwarns be copied to Template:Infobox drug. That will modify the one line of Template:Infobox drug exactly as I've asked that it be modified. The only difference is that the sandbox template also has some other changes that I presume make the sandbox work better, but shouldn't be copied to the live template.)  Using the  template, as it's been over a week with no action, and I think it's been clarified that there's no objection.  As a bonus, warning of these particularly important safety issues may, just perhaps, thereafter regularly prevent iatrogenic catastrophes.  (Yeah, I know, Disclaimer.) RudolfoMD (talk) 03:54, 29 November 2023 (UTC)
 * I resolved the accessibility issue, Trappist the monk. Switched to CSS: WARNING . RudolfoMD (talk) 07:08, 2 December 2023 (UTC)
 * Trappist the monk, you wrote, I will not move Template:Infobox drug/sandbox to Template:Infobox drug because I believe that you should not be using math markup for presentation for reasons of accessibility.
 * Will you move it now? I removed the math markup and resolved the accessibility problem. RudolfoMD (talk) 01:48, 5 December 2023 (UTC)
 * Hello? Feedback please!   User:Arthurfragoso, @Wostr, P.I. Ellsworth, @WhatamIdoing,  do you see any showstoppers?  We currently have many articles that warn about minor side effects but fail to higlight black box warnings.  It's a bad situation that we need to fix, pronto, IMO.   RudolfoMD (talk) 03:51, 5 December 2023 (UTC)
 * I don't see any showstoppers. WhatamIdoing (talk) 21:44, 5 December 2023 (UTC)
 * Will you move my edit live? If not, what holds you back? --RudolfoMD (talk) 03:51, 7 December 2023 (UTC)
 * Like you, I don't have the necessary user rights to edit the page. WhatamIdoing (talk) 17:53, 7 December 2023 (UTC)

I've ✅ the original edit request, since it seems to now be uncontested. * Pppery * it has begun... 00:23, 8 December 2023 (UTC)

Next steps

 * Yay! Bravo, all.  There's still work for me/us left - e.g. NIRMATRELVIR AND RITONAVIR (Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir is one of the drugs I/OpenRefine failed to mark in wikidata; not sure why.  Need to get the import/match to work better.  I wonder how many pages the warning is displayed on. RudolfoMD (talk) 01:45, 8 December 2023 (UTC)
 * In its current form this is not useful and is exceptionally bulky in the infobox. For example, on clonidine, I see the "[WARNING]" box beside Rx-only, and yet neither hovering nor clicking on either the warning nor the citation give me any indication as to what the warning is for this drug. It is barely helpful to know that there exists a black box warning for the drug in the infobox. I suggest either adding the black box warning text to display when hovering over the "[WARNING]", or updating the citation to dynamically link to the appropriate drug's text, or at worst internal-link to an anchor in the article's body that specifies the black box warning. In fact, in this particular article, there is no other mention of the black box warning, and so all that's left is a bulky and uninformative box in the infobox. Kimen8 (talk) 00:13, 9 December 2023 (UTC)
 * Adding information about the specific warning would require a lot more work. This may be a step towards that, but the goal here was just to say that the drug had earned a boxed warning.
 * If we reach that greater goal in the future, I might suggest DailyMed as a standardized source (clonidine, which has two boxed warnings). But it might also be better to have this in the article itself, cited to whatever the best sources are the editors choose. WhatamIdoing (talk) 00:53, 9 December 2023 (UTC)
 * Considering that DailyMed link does display black box warnings, and appears to have a uniform url-syntax, can that not just be used to effectively do what I had suggested/hoped it would do in my comment above? I understand the preference for an FDA link if the FDA is issuing the warnings, but at least to me the value of having information in the infobox is that if I (the reader) want to learn more about something that isn't expounded (in the infobox or article), I can follow the links and sources to learn more. As you said in a comment below, in order to do this with the FDA link as it is, I have to download a file (and is it searchable HTML? I didn't go that far), because the information is not actually present at the link provided. Ideally yes, articles mention black box warnings in their body and use appropriate sources in doing so/explaining that, but until then, I think the autogenerated bit in the infobox could be more useful. Kimen8 (talk) 01:00, 9 December 2023 (UTC)
 * The file is a .csv file, so your computer will probably open it as a spreadsheet. That means that it's both searchable and filterable.
 * The DailyMed id numbers are not intuitive (e.g., ), and I believe there is a different one for every single formulation by each manufacturer.  See https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?query=clonidine&searchdb=all&labeltype=all&sortby=rel&audience=professional&page=1&pagesize=200 – but I think that only these four:  https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?adv=1&labeltype=all&pagesize=200&page=1&query=34066-1%3A%28clonidine%29+ have boxed warnings.   They'd have to be matched up by hand.  This is possible but hours of work. WhatamIdoing (talk) 01:39, 9 December 2023 (UTC)
 * Very well, the url looked simple enough but it makes sense that specific preparations etc would have different entries in dailymed (and thus may or may not show black box warnings). I will have to be satisfied with the current implementation. Kimen8 (talk) 01:42, 9 December 2023 (UTC)
 * I see this as an incremental improvement. It took us years to reach this point, and it only happened because of a couple of months of work by @RudolfoMD.  The next step will be more complex, but maybe we'll be able to manage that some day, too. WhatamIdoing (talk) 17:42, 9 December 2023 (UTC)
 * I do see the value in this, and my first reaction was one of letting perfect be the enemy of good, mixed with the aesthetically-unappealing presentation in the infobox of the "bulky" [WARNING] text before the Rx-only phrase (not that I can think of a better way to do this at the moment). It is indeed a step towards making sure that black box warnings make their way into articles. Kimen8 (talk) 17:44, 9 December 2023 (UTC)
 * I wouldn't want you to think of your reaction as letting the perfect be the enemy of the good. I'd rather that you think of it the way I do, which is helpfully advocating that we not stop here, but continue to look for even greater improvements.      WhatamIdoing (talk) 18:30, 9 December 2023 (UTC)
 * Also, unless I'm missing something, the link in the autogenerated citation seems to only list drugs whose generic names fall in the range "A""C" (I checked lamotrigine to make sure that the "A""C" link wasn't specific to clonidine, which begins with a "c", and the same link is on that page). Kimen8 (talk) Kimen8 (talk) 00:23, 9 December 2023 (UTC)
 * Yes, you have to scroll to the right part of the page, or even click the arrow to go to the relevant page. Only 200 items are displayed on each page.  As the list changes over time, there is no way to predict in advance which page a given item will fall on.  WhatamIdoing (talk) 00:39, 9 December 2023 (UTC)
 * I see 15 pages. Page 1 starts at "A" and page 15 starts at "C", hence my comment. Kimen8 (talk) 00:40, 9 December 2023 (UTC)
 * The citation says to use the "Download" button. It's >10MB, which would not be a friendly thing to dump on unsuspecting readers. WhatamIdoing (talk) 00:54, 9 December 2023 (UTC)
 * A week ago, here, I had already proposed/made a request for help for doing essentially what Kimen8 is suggesting.  I wrote in part, The text of each warning is generally concise and consists only of the most import warnings, so it may be worth [importing from the FDALabel database,] storing [in Wikidata] and adding to articles via wikidata.  I'm flattered. :-)
 * Regarding linking to a viewable page with the warnings: There's already code in the template to link to dailymed for some drugs. Perhaps we could use that, but my concerns include that the dailymed data may be less accurate than the FDAs, and strictly speaking, it would not be truthful to say dailymed is the source of the info.
 * I think we can and should do the import of the warnings themselves. But we'd be want them to appear in the body of articles, right?  I think so...
 * Also, see the new edit request below; the wrong code was migrated.
 * And "(Use Download Full Results and View Query links.)" is in the footnote, as WhatamIdoing noted. We could add the formatting I added.
 * RudolfoMD (talk) 04:51, 10 December 2023 (UTC)
 * Kimen8,
 * I welcome your further thoughts on next steps.
 * The bulky warning box is fixed. (Obsolete code was migrated due to miscommunication.)  I put the (now-smaller) box before the Rx-only phrase intentionally, but if there's consensus, it can be moved.
 * Let's discuss this further at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Medicine, at least if it's not about the Infobox. --RudolfoMD (talk) 02:41, 11 December 2023 (UTC)
 * My personal opinion is that the Warning should be after the Rx-only phrase (such as or along those lines), because the order in which I deem the information important is: The infobox parameter is about legality/scheduling so the legality/schedule should go first; the black box warning is auxiliary information and should go second. Kimen8 (talk) 14:05, 11 December 2023 (UTC)

The WARNING doesn't belong in the legal section. It is part of the FDA label and not a legal status. Its placement is annoying and distracting. The black box warning is not in the article. --Whywhenwhohow (talk) 20:38, 26 December 2023 (UTC)

"Solubility in water"
It looks like filling in the  parameter renders as "Solubility in water". If instead one wanted to say something along the lines of "slightly soluble in ethanol, highly soluble in 2-propanol", is there a way to put this into the infobox? I figured out setting the  to "&nbsp;" at least removes the suffix "g/mL" part. Kimen8 (talk) 16:26, 1 December 2023 (UTC)

 * Template:Chembox has:
 * SolubleOther  =
 * Solvent       =
 * but I don't know if that's supported here. WhatamIdoing (talk) 21:47, 5 December 2023 (UTC)

Template-protected edit request on 9 December 2023
The current boxed warning indication uses LaTeX, which is just plain silly. LaTeX causes a whole image (with italicized text) to be added to the article for no good reason. Can't we stick with text?

Replace |legal_US=

With | legal_US=

So we can see WARNING  instead of $\begin{array}{|} \hline W\!ARNING \\ \hline \end{array}$. Looking at the previous discussion, it seems that the CSS approach I want is the final consensus, but it didn't replace the initial TeX version in the sandbox for some reason. As a result, the wrong version was applied. --Artoria2e5 🌉 06:42, 9 December 2023 (UTC)

 * Seconded. Correct. I (oddly!) didn't notice that * Pppery * did the original edit request, instead of the the edit request as it existed when they edited the template and marked the request done. But note: we may have further improvement come out of discussion with User:Kimen8 soon. -- RudolfoMD (talk) 04:23, 10 December 2023 (UTC)
 * What I actually did was base off the code in the sandbox, and didn't even notice the midstream edits you made to the talk page on 2 December (yes, you did point them out, but there was so much noise in that discussion that I didn't see them). Anyway, ✅ * Pppery * it has begun... 04:52, 10 December 2023 (UTC)

What about the name of company that manufactured that drug?
What about the name of company that manufactured that drug? Abhiramakella (talk) 16:05, 8 February 2024 (UTC)

Black Box Warning
I had a question regarding how the Black Box warning code is implemented and if the following is possible.

Many drugs have Black Box warnings only for certain preparations of the drug. Is there a preferred way to mention this? I thought about putting the sentence "The US FDA Black Box warning only applies to certain preparations of the drug, including ___, where the warning says: ___" or something along those lines, but it's clunky.

For example with baclofen, neither the preparations Lyvispah oral granules, nor Ozobax oral solution have black box warnings, but Lioresal intrathecal does. In the case of this particular article, the contents of the black box warning are mentioned in the Adverse Effects section, but there is no explicit clarity if someone sees the Black Box Warning symbol in the infobox and goes to the article body to try to see the details of that.

I was going to ask on 's page but it seems they are indefinitely blocked.

Kimen8 (talk) 16:06, 1 March 2024 (UTC)

Units for molar mass
Please see discussion at Template talk:Chem molar mass that is about the display of part of the Drugbox. DMacks (talk) 04:07, 3 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Template talk:Infobox drug


text:
User:Zzzzzzus

Real Name→ Andrés Nicolás Arce

User out of use...

title: User:Zzzzzzus


text: Category:Milton Keynes Dons F.C. managers


text:
1997 Thredbo landslide

The Thredbo landslide was a catastrophic landslide that occurred at the village and ski resort of Thredbo, New South Wales, Australia, on 30 July 1997. Two ski lodges were destroyed and 18 people died. Stuart Diver was the only survivor.

Landslide
At 11:30 pm on Wednesday, 30 July 1997, a landslide destroyed the Bimbadeen and Carinya Lodges at the Thredbo Alpine Village in New South Wales. Thousands of tonnes of liquefied earth and debris slid down the slope above the town.

The four-storey Carinya Lodge (owned by the Brindabella Ski Club) was torn in two. The landslide destroyed the support for Alpine Way road, which then collapsed, and sheared the western half of Carinya from its foundations. The detached structure slid downhill and crossed Bobuck Lane before colliding with the Bimbadeen Ski Lodge at high speed, destroying both. The landslide and debris continued downhill to hit the Bimbadeen Staff Lodge, which also collapsed. Witnesses reported hearing "a whoosh of air, a crack and a sound like a freight train rushing down the hill". John Cameron, a member of Brindabella Ski Club, who was alone in Carinya, along with 17 residents in Bimbadeen, lost their lives.

Within 10-20 minutes of the landslide, New South Wales Fire Brigades Communication Centre at Wollongong received emergency calls from the lodge at Thredbo. The local fire brigades responded to reports of a 'small explosion' in the village. The first report to come through said that 100 people had been trapped.

Police arrived at 12:30 am and evacuated the area. A regional disaster was declared, with Goulburn established as the disaster coordination centre for the region, with Sydney also notified. Medical staff were sent from nearby areas Cooma to Thredbo, and also from Canberra to Jindabyne, which was a point for triage. Four specialists were flown from St George Hospital in Sydney to Thredbo. By 2:30 am, there were 100 professional services on the scene, and many volunteers from the Volunteer Rescue Association (VRA) of New South Wales, the State Emergency Service (SES) of New South Wales, the Australian Red Cross, and other rescue organizations.

Thursday, 31 July
At 7:30 am, a forward medical command post was established, set up in a lodge located 50 m from the site of the disaster.

Inspector Rory O'Driscoll of the NSW Police arrived at 8:15 am. At 10:00 am, geophysicists who had been flown to the area from Sydney declared that the site was safe enough to begin an excavation of the top layers. However, it was still very unstable with a now-exposed underground stream flowing through the debris at the rate of 6,120 litres per hour. At 10:30 am, a medical team inspected the disaster site. Many of the rescue workers themselves required treatment of minor injuries and the medical team realised they had to prepare to treat exhaustion and hypothermia among the workers.

The first body was found at 4:20 pm and pulled out at 8:50 pm. At 6:30 pm, a second specialist medical team arrived from Royal North Shore Hospital. The State Emergency Service rotated amongst 1,350 rescue workers, with about 250 on the site at any one time. They worked in shifts of two hours, followed by four hours' rest.

As they worked, attempts were made to reinforce the area to prevent further landslides.

The slope of the hillside, which ranged from 22-40 degrees and the sub-zero Celsius temperatures made rescue efforts difficult. By midnight, 24 hours after the landslide had occurred, only the first body had been discovered. During the night, the temperature at Thredbo dropped to -14 C.

Friday, 1 August
On 1 August, one more body was discovered in the early morning, and two more later during the day. However these bodies could not be retrieved at the time due to the instability of the rocks. A large slab of concrete which had been part of the Bimbadeen carpark made rescue efforts difficult. At 3:00 pm, doctors met the relatives of the missing.

During the day, several environmental issues were identified such as water and sewerage being cut off to the site, and some diesel fuel seeping into Thredbo Creek.

Rescue workers announced on Friday that there was little hope in finding any survivors. They had not completely given up hope, but Assistant Police Commissioner Ken Moroney told reporters; "I think at this stage the chances are quite remote."

At this time there were no signs of life from fibre optic cameras or thermal imaging.

Stuart Diver
At 5:37 am on 2 August, digging finished and rescue workers dropped sound equipment into a hole they had been digging, as was the standard procedure. This time, they detected some movement underneath the concrete slab.

Five minutes later, rescue expert firefighter Steve Hirst, who used monitoring equipment to confirm the movement, yelled out "Rescue team working overhead, can anyone hear me?" to which a voice called back "I can hear you." When asked if he had sustained any injuries, the voice replied "No, but my feet are bloody cold!"

He was identified as 27-year-old ski instructor Stuart Diver. A device called a trapped-person locater was lowered down, it had a microphone and speaker so that the rescuers could maintain contact with Diver. A pipe was passed down the gap to provide warmer air which would increase his low body temperature. Another tube was put down which carried fluids from which he could have two sips every 20 minutes.

Hirst explained to the press that Diver said he was uninjured, just extremely cold. Police Superintendent Charlie Sanderson explained the difficulty of extracting Diver because they could not risk the concrete slab falling on top of him.

His position was two metres below the surface, beneath three concrete slabs. He was lying in water, wearing only a pair of underpants. Due to the risk of the overlying concrete crushing Diver, rescuers began digging a tunnel 16 m long from the eastern side of the slope. Five hours later, rescuers had removed enough of the rubble for them to be able to touch Diver. Paul Featherstone was the paramedic who kept talking to Diver for 11 hours until he was freed. When the site had to be evacuated each time the rubble shifted, Featherstone would stay below ground to keep Diver talking and distract him.

Diver was pulled from the wreckage later in the evening around 5:10 pm, with frostbitten feet: he was transported to Canberra Hospital for his recovery. His first words were as he breathed the pure mountain air, "That sky's fantastic!". He was trapped for 65 hours in a small space between two concrete slabs beside the body of his wife, Sally. Sally was a reservations manager at the resort. She had died by drowning as a concrete beam had pinned her in a depression that had filled with water overnight.

The rescue effort continued after Diver had been found, now that rescue workers had hope that there would be more survivors. They did not find any, and the last body was recovered on the following Thursday 7 August. According to a diary that a then AFP officer kept during the rescue, the snow and rain only started after the final body was recovered.

Aftermath
After the landslide, the NSW Fire Brigade expanded its urban search and rescue division.

In 1998, three terraces with gabions and reinforced fill were constructed on the site and the Alpine Way was rebuilt with upslope retaining walls. The site along with a section of the Alpine Way is now monitored with 25 inclinometers, to detect any slope movement, and 12 piezometers, to keep track of water flow in the soil.

Brindabella Ski Club opened its new lodge on 5 June 2004.

The Coroner's report released on 29 June 2000 said that the landslide was caused by water from heavy rain, melting snow and a leaking water main. The landslide hit an eastern wing of one of the lodges first, which caused the nearby land to collapse onto lodges below. The Coroner also noted that there had been landslides prior to July 1997 and that these prior landslides should have warranted action from the relevant authorities. Another of the coroner's recommendations was that an independent body be established to assess the National Parks and Wildlife Service's ability to maintain roads within its national parks. NSW Environment Minister Bob Debus accepted this suggestion and addressed the NSW Parliament with his plan to do so.

As of December 2004, the State Government of New South Wales spent $40 million in out-of-court settlements with 91 businesses and individuals after the incident.

On 2 December 2004, the Supreme Court judgment blamed the leaking water main pipe and the Alpine Way, which was built on a road full of debris, as the cause of the disaster. Soil creep had caused the main to fracture, which had saturated the already unstable slope that supported the road above Carinya. This verdict allowed the unsettled civil case of Bernd Josef and Tricia Hecher to go forward.

The Alpine Way had originally been built as a temporary construction access road by the Snowy Mountains Hydroelectric Authority during the 1950s to access the Murray-1 and Murray-2 hydroelectric power stations constructed as part of the Snowy Mountains Scheme. Once the power stations were completed, the Authority upgraded the road with fill and planted vegetation on the downhill hillside. They transferred ownership to what was then called the State Park and is now Kosciuszko National Park, managed by the National Parks and Wildlife Service (NPWS). NPWS had inadequate funds to maintain many of the park roads especially those which were "not designed for the purpose to which they were later put". Following the disaster, responsibility for the Alpine Way and Kosciuszko Road was handed to the Roads & Traffic Authority (RTA).

A memorial service was held in 2007 to mark the tenth anniversary of the events, which included a flare run down the mountain after sunset. Another memorial was conducted on the 20th anniversary in 2017.

A fact-based made-for-TV drama, Heroes' Mountain, was released in 2002. Craig McLachlan starred as Stuart Diver, with Tom Long and Anthony Hayes co-starring.

title: 1997 Thredbo landslide


text:
Talk:Resignation

There's no point in archiving 1 or 2 posts per year
and whoever started it should stop here and elsewhere. — Llywelyn II   07:55, 5 November 2022 (UTC)

Military resignations
This seems to be entirely focused on business and politics and should be expanded or linked to discussion of resignation of commissions. — Llywelyn II   07:55, 5 November 2022 (UTC)

Clarify resignation date and last working day
My understanding, which could be wrong, is I may resign on the Monday by handing in my notice of resignation and I have then resigned, but I still work there during my notice period so my last working day may be the Friday. The fine article should clarify whether I have resigned having given notice or having left following giving notice. Ralph Corderoy (talk) 11:11, 19 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Resignation


text:
Cathedral of the Holy Name, Mumbai

The Cathedral of the Holy Name or Holy Name Cathedral is a Roman Catholic cathedral in the Indian city of Mumbai (Bombay), that has the seat and is the headquarters of the Archbishop of Bombay. The cathedral is located in the Colaba area of South Bombay, built in the Gothic Revival style that was favoured by British architects.

The cathedral is contained with the premises of the Holy Name High School founded in 1939.

title: Cathedral of the Holy Name, Mumbai