text:
Department of Defense Discovery Metadata Specification

The Department of Defense Discovery Metadata Specification (DoD Discovery Metadata Specification or DDMS) is a Net-Centric Enterprise Services (NCES) metadata initiative. DDMS is loosely based on the Dublin Core vocabulary. DDMS defines discovery metadata elements for resources posted to community and organizational shared spaces. It is sometimes (incorrectly) referred to as DoD Discovery Metadata Standard. The project focuses both on the process of developing a central taxonomy for metadata, and defining a way of discovering resources by their metadata using that taxonomy.

The DDMS was created in support of the DoD Net-Centric Data Strategy (dated May 9, 2003), and specifies a set of information fields that are to be used to describe any data or service asset that is made known to the DoD Enterprise. The elements in the DDMS are designed to be platform, language, and implementation-independent, and the specification is described with an XML Schema.

The DDMS is currently on version 5.0 released on January 14, 2013. This is the first version to recast DDMS within the bounds of the Intelligence Community's Trusted Data Format specification. In this paradigm, the DDMS metacard is not a standalone top-level construct. Instead, it is a single assertion which decorates a Trusted Data Object, and which is incomplete on its own. DDMS 5.0 also replaces the Geography Markup Language (GML) profile for geospatial information with Time-Space Position Information v2.0 (TSPI).

DDMS 5.0 requires TDF V2 and associated IC specifications (ISM V10, NTK V8, VIRT V1).

Structure
The DDMS is designed using a layered approach, combining a Core Layer and an Extensible Layer surrounded by the DDMS Resource Header. The Core Layer is composed of five sets of element categories, each with a specific functional focus for describing a data asset:

 * The Metacard elements describe the DDMS resource itself.
 * The Security elements enable the description of security classification of the described resource, Need-to-Know (NTK) information, and related notices.
 * The Resource elements enable the description of maintenance and administration information.
 * The Summary Content elements enable the description of concepts and topics.
 * The Format elements enable the description of physical attributes of the asset.
 * The Extensible Layer is designed to support domain-specific or Community of Interest (COI) discovery metadata requirements, and can be used to extend the element categories identified in the Core Layer. Extensions are expected to be registered in the DoD Metadata Registry. Extensible attribute spaces are also provided on some elements.

Earlier versions

 * DDMS Version 4.1 (released June 12, 2012)
 * DDMS Version 4.0.1 (released November 18, 2011)
 * DDMS Version 4.0 (released September 22, 2011)
 * DDMS Version 3.1 (released July 5, 2011)
 * DDMS Version 3.0.1 (released March 4, 2011, documentation update only)
 * DDMS Version 3.0 (released September 2, 2010)
 * DDMS Version 3.0 Pre-Release (released January 2010, pending ICISM modification).
 * DDMS Version 2.0 (released July 17, 2008)
 * DDMS Version 1.4 (released July 1, 2007)
 * DDMS Version 1.3 (released July 29, 2005)
 * DDMS Version 1.2 (released January 3, 2005)
 * DDMS Version 1.1 (released July 1, 2004)
 * DDMS Version 1.0 (released September 29, 2003)

Major version releases contain changes which break backwards compatibility with earlier versions.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Talk:Comfort food

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 27 August 2019 and 18 December 2019. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): LijiaH.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 18:06, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

Expansion of the Comfort Foods concepts
I would tend to agree with all the statements that the article needs updating. First of all let me say that all food is comforting to me (or all the foods that I eat are comforting to me). Those of us who had the privilege of growing up and living on the coast seafood is more comforting than meatloaf, which I have eaten once in 63 years. That was about 58 years ago. No seafood on the list? 24.74.161.189 00:21, 17 August 2006 (UTC)

I am in complete agreement that the article needs updating, and am attempting to incorporate the fact the indeed foods bring comfort to every corner of our planet. While I agree a firmer concept is needed, perhaps based on a study or studies, there is a real sense that based on certain criteria we can at least demonstrably list a few examples of comforts foods enjoyed by persons everwhere, and why they are considered comforting. I encourage all who feel a need to talk here also list a comfort food enjoyed, and why.

 * The article should be shrunk down. After a 40 year trend toward increase diversity and sophistication in the American (and other parts of the world) palate, the word emerged to retroactively describe simpler fare. That's it. Say it's "informal" and stop trying to nail it down or enumerate it. 74.68.152.245 (talk) 00:32, 8 February 2009 (UTC)

Additional examples from other cultures
Sorry for not having a account but... As a Swede, I would definitely consider Pannkakor (Scandinavian pancakes/crepes) as comfort food in sweden. Unofrtunately, I just can't come up with any other food for the category. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.78.215.159 (talk) 15:54, 27 September 2011 (UTC)

Hi there,

my apologies for throwing in my 2 cents but as a German I have to tell you that - if you believe in such a concept as "comfort food" - then the two items you have listed here for Germany are utter nonsense. You will also have to keep in mind that cuisine as such has a strongly regional aspect so if you don't know anything about the regional differences in any given country you will come up with ideas that don't work at all. Actually, the fact that both Bratwurst and Potato_salad are mentioned here seems to me more like a slur than anything else - because "that's what Germans eat." The whole concept of "Trostmahlzeiten", "Essen für die Seele" or rather "Nervennahrung" as we call it, is mostly in very, very sweet kinds of food (comfort meals, food for the soul and food to calm your nerves, respectively; the translations do not really work but they are approximations.) My comfort food is cinnamon-spiced, sugared rice pudding. --M.Buelles (talk) 21:19, 18 December 2011 (UTC)

--- not to forget the german concept of "hausmannskost" (when jamie oliver presented steak, liver & bacon as a "comfort food dish" it was translated as "hausmannskost"). also known in other northern european countries (dansk, norsk, bokmål svenska). 87.175.174.7 (talk) 09:50, 21 February 2016 (UTC) ---

 * Feel free to make changes as you see fit. Vranak (talk) 21:24, 18 December 2011 (UTC)

This article is not covering measure countries such as India, where we see a number of comfort food varieties in vogue. For example, Vadapaw, Idli, Masala dosa, Samosa, Bhajia or Pakoda, Shig Kabab. If possible, I would like to add them here. Pathare Prabhu (talk) 13:41, 4 April 2013 (UTC)

Physical effects of comfort foods
This article could also use a section on the direct physiological effects of comfort foods. A substantial majority of comfort foods are based heavily on simple carbohydrate, which has been postulated to induce an opiate-like effect in the brain. Emotional eating also may stem from this effect.
 * I think a lot of comfort food gives comfort simply because of the effect of easily-and-quickly digestible carbohydrates on one's blood sugar. However, what about comfort food that is not based on carbohydrates? I've heard a thing or two about chicken used as a comfort food because of certain amino acids that it contains in high quantities. In general, people need to be prepared for the possibility that comfortd foods aren't just a trick of psychology, but that there is a real physiological truth behind at least some of it.--Peter Knutsen (talk) 14:07, 30 April 2009 (UTC)

List is pointless
Having a list of foods makes no sense. Every person has their own list of comfort foods. For some it might be coke and hot dogs, for someone else it could be grits and orange juice. Delete the list and just explain the notion of a comfort food and if availlable, the effects and social role. Easytoremember 03:10, 6 June 2006 (UTC)

I believe a list might not be pointless, if it has a good source associated with it, like a statistical survey. But I agree that the list as it stands seems a bit pointless. --Phelan 03:08, 1 August 2006 (UTC)

I find the list ridiculous, especially the sections of comfort foods in random other countries. These lists should be moved to the appropriate page such as Indian cuisine. - GilliamJF 07:02, 7 November 2006 (UTC)

I agree. The list must go. Who has the will to actually delete/replace it? jankyalias 01:38, 28 Novemeber 2006

 * I will. I came to the talk page to request the list be removed, but I see there's already a consensus for that.  I believe "comfort food" is an important topic that can evolve into an extremely high quality article.  This list is standing in the way;  it makes the article too long to read, without adding any content.  I wrote an article here on Night eating syndrome after reading a survey of the clinical material available, then revised it slightly after talking to a psychiatrist, who agrees that NES is an eating disorder but feels there's an emotional component in many people just across the borderline between disorder, and symptom.  He pointed out that the diet of the night eater is always what would be considered comfort food.  This is only one disorder, affecting a pretty small percent of the population, but somebody else linked to "emotional eating," and, well, I feel there's a lot of importance in this article.  Just to be clear, eating "comfort foods" isn't a pathology in itself.  Ben & Jerry's is better for you than stress.  But in a very stressful world of "fast food nation" I think there's great importance here.  FireWeed 21:18, 23 January 2007 (UTC)
 * The list has been the object of concern for three years. Long enough. There was a single cited item. I left that. But it sure looks weird to have just one item from Japan cited. This article needs a complete rebuild, and needs to rely on WP:RS. I'm not sure there's anything to the concept really except for shared objects of culinary nostalgia. DavidOaks (talk) 22:02, 6 August 2010 (UTC)

Removing food abuse section; expanding article
In the process of expanding the article I am taking out all references to eating disorders. Comfort food is a type of cuisine and/or a description of food styles. It has absolutely nothing to do with eating disorders, which are independent of the type of food consumed. Moreover, there is no citation to even make the claim that comfort food and food abuse are related. You wouldn't put a section on bulimia in an article about donuts or fast food or Greek cuisine; it doesn't belong here either. For reference I am pasting the removed text here.

Associated eating disorders
The vast majority of people who enjoy good tasting food do so in moderation, and are generally in good health, mentally and physically. However, the potential for "mis-use" exists, and individuals who are suffering depression or some anxiety disorders may regularly turn to food for comfort or to cope with stress, anxiety, fear, or any number of negative emotions. As the individual turns more and more to food to satisfy an emotional need, an eating disorder can result.

Bulimia is a disorder in which the individual suffers anxiety about his or her body image, turns to fattening foods and drinks for comfort, and then vomits them to avoid weight gain. Night eating syndrome is a disorder in which a person is unable to sleep, and turns to food as an answer to their insomnia, and other emotional needs. While both of these affect relatively small percentages of the population, in both the "comfort value" of the food plays a central role in the disorder.

Overly Expanded Concept
As I recall, the term "comfort food" was coined, not to enrich the world with another term for "home cooking", but to describe foods specific to individuals that are eaten, yes, for comfort, i.e., the term accentuates the psychological rather than nutritional value of such foods. The US television icon for this phenomenon is the slender, fashionable woman with a pint of Häagen Dasz sitting alone in front of the television. In this sense, I think the opening paragraph is overly broad. If the term has expanded, then I would appreciate some documentation other than this article. Are restaurants adding a "comfort food" list, for instance? In choosing a restaurant, do people now ask, "Do you want Thai, Italian, or comfort?"Janko (talk) 16:25, 10 May 2008 (UTC)Janko

PS:To the person who can't imagine beans as a comfort food, yet complains of a lack of global perspective: beans on toast is a traditional British home meal, and I'm sure there are many Britons for whom it functions as comfort food. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Janko (talk • contribs) 16:28, 10 May 2008 (UTC)
 * Indeed, comfort food is a genre of restaurant food. There are hundreds, probably thousands, of newspaper citation for this.Wikidemo (talk) 16:50, 10 May 2008 (UTC)

 * This usage by the food industry and press — novel, associative, and secondary — should be treated separately, since by the original definition, a "comfort food" would not likely contain truffle oil and an American would not be looking for comfort food in Paris, when anyone other than your NYT food editor would refer to "simple traditional French dishes". "'Comfort foods are foods whose consumption evoke a psychologically pleasurable state for a person,' reported Brian Wansink, an Illinois marketing professor who heads the lab. Drawing from national survey questionnaires, the lab has concluded that a person’s comfort-food preferences are formed at an early age and are triggered, in addition to hunger, by conditioned associations and gender differences."

 * The clarity of this definition is what's missing from this article. One shouldn't confuse the substance of a concept with its commercial exploitation, though that should be treated as well. Janko (talk) —Preceding comment was added at 17:37, 14 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Comfort food is a style of simple, hearty fine dining restaurant cuisine designed to appeal to people's sense of place. That's a significant, sourceable culinary trend in the United States.  We do cover the business and economic world - shops, and not just the products and services they sell.  Comfort food in restaurants is certainly different than comfort food eaten at home.  When covering a style of restaurant food we generally cover both the food itself and the restaurant concept - e.g. Buffet, teppanyaki, salad bar, and so on.  Wikidemo (talk) 01:34, 15 June 2008 (UTC)

 * Your "significant, sourceable culinary trend" represents a derivative use of the original definition of "comfort food" and should definitely be covered because of its novelty. A simple glance at Google hits reveals that the vast majority still are using the term in its original personal, domestic meaning, not as the term has been appropriated by the food industry. Yet this article begins discussing a "style" of food, thus obscuring the difference between, say, my mother eating a rather disgusting (to me) sludge of crackers and milk when she was depressed, and yuppifying traditional dishes and charging $35 for an entree. "Comfort food is *also* a style of simple, hearty fine dining restaurant cuisine designed to appeal to people's sense of place", but without the "also" and an appropriate organization of this article, that definition is woefully incomplete.Janko (talk) —Preceding comment was added at 14:46, 16 June 2008 (UTC)

Western concept
This idea of a "comfort food" is a western concept or at least anglo concept. I'm a native speaker of Chinese (and also fluent in English) and we don't have this concept or term that speaks of "comfort food". We have this concept of home-cooked food but that is not the same as the English meaning of "comfort food." Thus, I'm raising objections to indicate that the article should particularly point out that comfort food is a western (or anglo, which ever it may be) concept. --71.146.24.9 (talk) 22:14, 16 July 2008 (UTC)

 * In the "Other Countries" section, I would like to ask who is defining the concept of "comfort food" for these countries such as Japan and India. Perhaps it is westerners who are looking at miso soup, roti, ramen noodles and imposing the idea of "comfort food" onto these cultures when the idea of "comfort food" does not exist (perhaps) in these cultures? The idea of comfort food is not the same as home-cooked meal. I suggest we remove that section and stick to countries that actually use the concept of "comfort food". --71.146.24.9 (talk) 22:17, 16 July 2008 (UTC)

 * I've reverted as unsupported opinion. The Japanese sentence was sourced to the New York Times.  Japan certainly has a distinction between down home food (available at restaurants and at home) from formal food at restaurants.  I suspect most cultures do - actually, not a cultural question so much as an industry / economic one.  When people start eating out more and more, some seek comforts of homestyle food.  In the US and apparently Japan that is a food industry phenomenon.  It would be useful if those proposing to add info from other countries (or adding any material) could cite a source to make clear they're really describing the phenomenon and not just local cuisine.  Wikidemo (talk) 18:45, 25 August 2008 (UTC)

Redundant last paragraphs
Just noticed that the last paragraphs were almost exact copies of each other--just wanted to let you guys know. 67.161.93.146 (talk) 21:19, 18 September 2008 (UTC)

Middle-East to Arab World
The comfort foods described in the 'Middle-East' section are specific to Arab cuisine, including North Africa. Furthermore, they are neither popular nor comfort foods in other parts of the Middle-East such as Iran or Turkey for example. Iran also has it's own section, therefore making a very general 'Middle-East' section redundant. So I changed the titke to the more appropriate and accurate 'Arab World'. Pink Princess (talk) 09:21, 2 February 2010 (UTC)

Poland
The list mentions Pierogi, Chlodnik, gingerbread cookies... what an utter mess. We don't even have the concept of 'comfort food' in Poland. And according to the definition, a comfort food is easy to prepare. I can't see how any of these foods can be prepared easily. Coming from a different culture, I feel that this article didn't really make the concept any clearer to me. And there is no research supporting any of the statements made, neither social, psychological nor nutritional-scientific. This article seems very un-encyclopedic. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.28.142.137 (talk) 20:16, 19 May 2010 (UTC)

rewrite
I got rid of the long list of uncited examples, and added material that turned up in a search of Google Scholar hits, though the results now need editing for coherence and general style. Lists should not be added unless they come from WP:RS's I'm hoping that we now have an article, maybe stubby, that makes sense of the concept as more than a list of faves. It's been studied by marketing specialists, anthropologists, health care professionals, etc. I would be surprised if it has not been treated in articles on eating disorders, on cultural hisotry (you can't have comfort food until a mobile society begins to experience alienation) and economics (this is a phenomenon of abundance and choice). But I do not yet have sources for those things. DavidOaks (talk) 16:16, 7 August 2010 (UTC)
 * There's a lot of good stuff in there, but a few issues in particular. The lede sentence, I think, does not define comfort food very closely.  It's a category of food, and perhaps a cultural phenomenon, not a term.  The term is defined by culture and popular awareness, not science, anthropology, or health.  By default, all different types of food are consumed by choice (what's the alternative)?  And eating to feel better?  That could apply to any cuisine.  I think the original lede was closer to the mark - it mentions correctly that comfort food is simple, hearty, familiar food cooked at home or eaten in informal restaurants.  I'm sure that's in the sources somewhere, but one problem with most sources about comfort food is that they assume the reader knows what it is, and then describe a specific restaurant or dish as comfort food.  The academic sources assume often-simplistic and imprecise definitions as their premise (e.g. food you eat to feel good), then elaborate on that.  The simplistic definitions admit foods (ice cream, potato chips, chocolate, junk food) that I don't think most people would consider comfort food.  It also leads to the questionable conclusion that comfort food is not a collection of foods - I think it is, it is just a different collection for different communities. My hunch is that there are plenty of sources that will list specific foods as comfort foods. Although the lists were indeed uncited, and prose form is far preferable, it is helpful to list examples so that readers can get the point.  Also, the scientific studies should all be in a section on America, if they are about Americans.  It is a little tricky to generalize.  There is a source (written from an American perspective) that describes Japanese comfort foods, and presumably one could find comfort foods in every culture.  Is that because these cultures all have their own concept of comfort food, or is it that Americans, thinking about comfort food, find analogous types of food elsewhere?  - Wikidemon (talk) 18:11, 7 August 2010 (UTC)
 * The sources given are strictly scietific, and they're all in agreement that it's a category of food use for psychological purposes (as opposed to simply acquiring calories), also that these are active choices rather than default acceptance of what's available. Sources don't agree that it's simple or has anything to do with home, although some identify that as one psychological category. If there is a definitive collection of comfort foods according to WP:RS's we should include that list, but people's particular ideas accumulated for three years with only one citation. DavidOaks (talk) 19:01, 7 August 2010 (UTC)
 * Ah, but it's not a scientific subject, so the scientific information is a bit of a side issue here. You can't prove a premise, and as I said, they seem to take as their premise something that may or may not be the issue.  Obviously it satisfies some kind of desire, that's the "comfort" in comfort food.  But characterizing it as a psychological phenomenon as opposed to a cultural or culinary one seems to miss the point.  There are 2.5 million ghits (per my cookies, yours may vary) versus 5,800 in google scholar (an unusually high ratio) and 32,000 book references.  Many of them do describe specific foods.  It seems pretty likely that somewhere amidst the recipes, restaurant reviews, blogs, and other unusable stuff, there is some reliable description of comfort food as a cultural and food matter.  - Wikidemon (talk) 20:02, 7 August 2010 (UTC)
 * I don't follow -- "it's not a scientific subject"? If scientists write about it, how could it be otherwise? Now, maybe there's a different definition in circulation for popular culture, but we then have the problem of determining a proper authority there -- linguists and mass culture scholars would be the best bet. So if we can find such WP:RS's, let's include them. But the problem with definition byt list is that one must demonstrate principles of inlcusion and exclusion, as well as comprehensiveness. The trouble with the old article was, "comfort food" was indistinguishable from "Yummy stuff" -- that is, entirely arbitrary, with no systematic way of saying why something might or might not be included. Having principles allows us to avoid the list. Analogy: it is easier to define "blue" in terms of wavelengths than by listing everything that might be described as "blue." DavidOaks (talk) 20:08, 7 August 2010 (UTC)

(outdent) Later -- wow, this turns out to be hard! I tried googling the exact phrase "comfort foods are" -- and WP:RS's are few, even by the most generous definition, but even where we find one, the definition seems to be treated as self-evident. One site says they're made at home, but that's a problem for the many that include pizza (which few of us make from scratch). Another says they're easy to prepare, but that's not true of soups, stews, home-made spaghetti sauces (unless we mean canned stuff)...there does seem to be agreement that they're not optimum nutrition, just on the basis of all those sites offering helathy alternatives to comfort foods -- low-fat, -salt, -carb, -cal...so where does that leave us? DavidOaks (talk) 21:09, 7 August 2010 (UTC)

Additional references
I would like to add references to other sites but I'm not sure where to add them - the Further Reading section seems to have only books. May I add a reference to this web site which I think would be helpful to readers? Nutritional Comparison of Many Comfort Foods http://www.fitsugar.com/Nutritional-Comparison-Many-Comfort-Foods-1084313 --Bill.albing (talk) 21:43, 16 September 2011 (UTC)

Where does Mexico fit into this equation?
Because I'm fairly certain the concept of "comfort food" is a part of Mexican cuisine as well. Seeing as though I'm a second generation American of Mexican descent, I can only hazard guesses as to what these food items would be, but if I had to guess, such a list would include chicken mole, tamales, barbacoa, tortas, chorizo, menudo, reposteria (or what some might called "polvorones" -- Mexican wedding cookies), buñuelos, Mexican hot chocolate, and that milky drink made with masa that tastes very faintly of chocolate, whose name I can't recall. Oh, and flan too. But that's just my guess and it could be partly influenced by American Mexican cuisine. I mean, I very much recall eating barbacoa in Mexico and believe menudo is an actual Mexican dish, but it might not bring as much comfort to a regular Mexican as it would an American of Mexican descent such as myself. So help from an actual Mexican would be very much appreciated, y gracias para su ayuda. 69.149.105.46 (talk) 06:57, 8 January 2012 (UTC)

How about removing the list on this article (again! - 2007 and now 2012)
Hi there! The list is going nowhere. It was removed in 2007 but came back again. Excellent points were made back in 2006 and 2007 on the reasons why it should be removed but editors clearly didn't look at the Talk page. I have met with too much resistance on even small overhauls recently on this kind of page. IMHO the only good reference listed is the one from the US, at least supported by a poll. The others I can judge of are often frankly ridiculous. Rdavout (talk) 11:01, 14 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Agreed. In my opinion it's a simple matter of routine article maintenance.  This is one of those articles about a popular subject that lots of people enjoy and have an opinion on, so over time it begins to accumulate haphazard contributions that need to be organized, trimmed, and possibly removed.  There are so many different comfort foods in different cuisines, and no universal criteria, so coming up with a definitive list is a hopeless task.  It may be possible to make a list specific to the US or a particular cuisine, but a global list would just be too long.  Any list we do make is going to be arbitrary and incomplete, so the encyclopedic purpose if any is a matter of exposition, to teach the reader by use of select examples - that's a matter of editorial discretion.  For anyone building a list, it's probably better to use templates or categories. - Wikidemon (talk) 15:30, 14 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Consider the issue of unintended propoganda or advertising. That's right, comfort food is a subjective concept. Examples only turn this article into something more gonzo than it should ever be. It should be a highly dictionary like piece on this psychological concept. Afterall, good taste may be primarily personal, common trends of localized consumers, and a logical scientific practice, but a comfort food is only personal and trends are really just trends not actually in assistance of any definition, rather said popular foods surely conform to the definition lending that people of a certain location may show similar psychological behavior(obviously). The definition alone is of far more importance and value especially to psychologists, dieticians/food health practitioners, or anyone looking for the actual answer to the question: What is comfort food? The answer is anything edible but its selection follows a purely personal psychological criteria that may generate trends when masses are tallied but cannot rely on or reference trend data for its own definition to be purely observational. 24.52.222.241 (talk) 17:46, 24 September 2012 (UTC)

Canadian section
The Canadian list is nothing but uncited stereotypes. Comfort foods in Canada are likely to be as diverse as (and probably significantly overlaps with) the US list. I also suspect there is significant regional variation (e.g. Tim Hortons doesn't seem to be as popular out west as it is in Ontario, poutine is probably mostly a comfort food in Quebec and less so elsewhere). — Preceding unsigned comment added by 129.100.41.189 (talk) 21:10, 30 October 2012 (UTC)
 * I agree. Half of the listed items are not even comforting foods. The majority of the listed items in the American comfort foods I can associate as comforting foods. Where does this information even come from? All I see in the Canadian list is items most prevalently manufactured in Canada (which does not constitute them as being comforting). - 24.36.109.251 (talk) 21:34, 6 December 2012 (UTC)

Chicken soup? REALLY? No need to sign my name not everyone likes chicken soup with four pieces of bread claiming it to be a comfort dish, it should be noted that comfort food is food that is comfortable, not for when your sick - it is just soup that makes you feel better there is a difference between feeling better and comfort food- example comfort food oatmeal and bacon is a good comfort food because it feels you up and is warm on a cold day (my idea of a comfort food) just an example. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.193.122.12 (talk) 00:13, 6 October 2013 (UTC)

I added citations and removed some silly entries (yoghurt??) but the list is still too long. It needs more citations and then culling of uncited entries. — Molly-in-md (talk) 22:16, 11 May 2016 (UTC)

Did more work: added citations, added a few more real Canadian comfort foods per citations, and removed some generic listings without backup (really? somebody wrote "casserole"??). It's more manageable and more real, now, I think. Feel free to cull further, though. — Molly-in-md (talk) 15:16, 6 January 2018 (UTC)

Polish food
The recent additions of Polish-language names for foods are unintelligible to non-Polish readers. Please translate these terms and/or Wikilink to articles describing them, similar to the section on Russian foods, for example. Reify-tech (talk) 18:24, 16 February 2014 (UTC)

American section
I've deleted most of this. One bit wasn't even sourced to an article about comfort foods, another was just original research with a link that didn't mention the content of the sentence, and the 3rd was the 2004 About.com poll. That wasn't a reliable source. It was based on a forum discussion with only 281 replies, a number of which weren't actually stating their favorite foods. Too tiny, too limited to be in the article. Dougweller (talk) 10:00, 1 April 2014 (UTC)

Some of these lists are far too long, we need a limit
Some of these lists are far too long - we should decide on a limit. These are only going to be examples, after all. We don't need a large number of desserts - aren't they all comfort food? Sure, chocolate chip cookies are comfort food, so are all cookies. Crumble is a comfort food, if we mention it we don't have to list all the varieties. Dougweller (talk) 10:02, 1 April 2014 (UTC)

 * Agreed that the lists seem a problem. Not sure in my opinion if it's that some are too long, that most are just a bunch of names/links with no additional info, or that there are too many lists one after the other.

 * Dunno if an item limit is practical or desirable. For one, there's no real mechanism for getting editors to observe an arbitrary limit.

 * I do find the annotated lists, like Poland and Puerto Rico, MUCH better, they offer usable content whether you are browsing or specifically looking for something; the utility of an unannotated list seems much more limited, unless you know what you're looking for by name, you have to click through each one that is linked, and are at a dead end for those that don't have articles. We're not just an index or database of facts, articles should be readable and inviting! Maybe encouraging by example annotated lists (by example meaning, do a bunch yourself and hope it catches on! :).

 * Same as for annotated lists, introductory paragraphs seem a big improvement, as in Indonesia and Turkey.

 * @Dougweller Hahahahahahahaha, "a list of all the varieties of fruit crumble is unnecessary" - you have to go a long way to beat that as an edit summary! --Tsavage (talk) 04:30, 9 April 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 one external links on Comfort food. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Replaced archive link http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.salon.com%2F2011%2F06%2F23%2Fcomfort_food_psychology%2F&date=2015-04-08 with http://www.webcitation.org/6XeO3Tlsm?url=http://www.salon.com/2011/06/23/comfort_food_psychology/ on http://www.salon.com/2011/06/23/comfort_food_psychology/
 * Replaced archive link http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.orlandosentinel.com%2F1993-09-03%2Fentertainment%2F9309020236_1_pot-roast-wine-penedes&date=2015-07-21 with http://www.webcitation.org/6aCIt8oFK?url=http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1993-09-03/entertainment/9309020236_1_pot-roast-wine-penedes on http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1993-09-03/entertainment/9309020236_1_pot-roast-wine-penedes

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 14:32, 28 November 2016 (UTC)

Comfort Food Definition
The definition is seemingly negative and could be expanded, seeing as though psychology research has delved into the topic. In addition, I noticed that under the US/American culture has a lot of foods that are either 1) not of American origin or 2) specifically African American dishes. I will possibly expand this, seeing as though I am a student in a class on food. I will use resources from Jstor and my university's database. --Cheesesteaklover16 (talk) 03:56, 5 September 2018 (UTC)

Added some information to the definition of Comfort food and well as the phycological studies like negative emotions and how it effects the way we eat and how we tend to deal with different emotions, this where comfort eating is usually derived from. LijiaLijiaH (talk) 20:46, 24 November 2019 (UTC)

Comfort food and Instant Noodles
Not sure if instant noodles, "comfortable" as a snack on a 9 to 5 job, actually fits the idea of comfort food. Smells like WP:NOTNEWS and\or WP:NOTABILITY. 2A00:1FA0:120:1B83:178F:7861:C47B:1AE8 (talk) 09:58, 19 October 2023 (UTC)

 * Oh wait.
 * The source is British, not American (B.B.C.). Deleted the nonsense, that's for sure. 2A00:1FA0:120:1B83:178F:7861:C47B:1AE8 (talk) 10:03, 19 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Two words: Junk food.
 * Summary: Instant noodles can be made with low-quality oil, and include lots of MSG and artificial flavoring. That is why this entry is "junk food" rather than "comfort food". 2A00:1FA0:6A4:5265:0:5F:A935:6501 (talk) 17:11, 1 November 2023 (UTC)

Erroneous Comments on Origins of the Term "Comfort Food"
The comments in this article about the origins of the term "comfort food" are erroneous. There is a book called the Oxford English Dictionary that documents the term as far back as 1962. 128.36.7.163 (talk) 01:42, 5 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Comfort food


text:
Rupununi savannah

The Rupununi savannah is a savanna plain in Guyana, in the Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo region. It is part of the Guianan savanna ecoregion of the tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome.

Description
The Rupununi Savannah is located between the Rupununi River and the border with Brazil and Venezuela. The Rupununi forms the southwestern wilderness territory of Guyana, a South American country situated on the Northeastern littoral of South America. The savannah is dissected by the Kanuku Mountains. The Rupununi Savannah encompasses 5000 square miles of virtually untouched grasslands, swamplands, rain-forested mountains. The region usually floods in the wet season (May to August). Early European explorers believed that the Rupununi floodplains were the legendary Lake Parime.

Biodiversity
The savannah is divided north from south, by the Kanuku Mountains, Guyana’s most biologically diverse region. According to Conservation International, the "area supports a large percentage of Guyana’s biodiversity", including 250 species of bird life, 18 of which are native "only to the lowland forests of the Guianas." The savannah is teeming with wildlife, including a large variety of bird species. The savannah is also home to the jaguar as well as the Harpy Eagle, the world’s most powerful bird of prey, an extremely rare and endangered species which once ranged the forests of South America and is found in the Rupununi/Kanuku mountain range.

Population
The Rupununi is the home of the Wapishana, Macushi, Wai-Wai and Patamona peoples. In 2012, the population of Amerindians in the Rupununi was estimated at 20,808 people. The Wapishana live mainly in the south savannah, the Macushi in the north. Some 200 Wai-Wai live in near isolation in Kanashen, the remote southeastern region bordering Brazil virtually untouched by modern life.

The major occupations or industries in the Rupununi Savannah are cattle ranching for beef, Balatá bleeding to extract latex; farming groundnuts, maize (corn), cassava, and vegetables; fishing and hunting; and craft work such as the manufacture of hammocks, leather articles, Nibbi furniture and beadwork).

There are Amerindian villages dotted throughout the Rupununi Savannah, as well as many ranches worked by vaqueros (cowboys), some of whom are descendants of 19th century Scottish settlers. The main town is Lethem, located beside the Takutu River, on the border with Brazil. Owing to the savanna's remoteness from the rest of the country most trade is conducted with Brazil and most people speak Portuguese.

In 1969 some ranchers started what has been referred to as the Rupununi Uprising. The revolt was quelled within a few days.

Ecotourism
The Rupununi region caters towards ecotourists. It is designated a "protected area" by the government of Guyana, housing some 80% of the mammals and 60% of the bird life found in Guyana’s tropical forests and savannahs. Several Lodges welcome guests, for example Dadanawa Ranch or Karanambu ranch.

The Rupununi is accessible by small aircraft and helicopter flights regularly available from Guyana’s capital Georgetown on the Atlantic coast. In the dry season it is accessible by an unpaved "all-weather" road using trucks or 4x4 vehicles. It takes about 48 hours of tough driving. Heavy flooding makes this drive unpredictable and dangerous in the rainy season during the months of April to June.

title: Rupununi savannah


text:
List of Grand Slam mixed doubles champions

List of Mixed Doubles Grand Slam tennis tournament champions:

Although several players have won at least one title in each of the four majors to achieve the Career Grand Slam, only three players have won the Grand Slam, all four titles in a single calendar year. This includes one team, Margaret Court and Ken Fletcher in 1963, as well as Court and Owen Davidson separately with different partners. Billie Jean King completed the "non-calendar year Grand Slam" by winning all four majors in a row in a period spanning two calendar years.

Champions by year
{{Legend|#CCCCFF"|text= * |Player won the four major tournaments in the same year (same partner).}} {{Legend|#FFD1DC|text=♠|Player won the four major tournaments in the same year (different partners).}} {{Legend|#FFFFCC|text=●|Player won three major tournaments in the same year.}} {{Legend|#FFF5EE|text=♦|Player won two major tournaments in the same year.}}

Individual
Active player and tournament records indicated in  bold . Players with at least five titles are included here.

Team
Active teams and tournament records indicated in  bold . Teams with three or more Grand Slam titles are included here.

Grand Slam
Players who held all four Grand Slam titles simultaneously (in a calendar year).

Non-calendar year Grand Slam
Players who held all four Grand Slam titles simultaneously (not in a calendar year).

Career Grand Slam
Players who won all four Grand Slam titles over the course of their careers.
 * The event at which the Career Grand Slam was completed indicated in bold.

Multiples titles in a season
{{Legend|ffdee6|Player won all four major tournaments in the same year.|text=♠}}

Three titles
{{Legend|ffe5bc|Surface Slam (major titles on 3 different surfaces in the same season).|text=★}}

Two titles
{{Legend|fff3e1|text=●|Three-Quarter Slam (3 major titles in the same year).}} {{Legend|0|text=‡|Channel Slam (French and Wimbledon title double).}}

Overall record
{|
 * -valign=top

Per team

 * }

At one tournament
{|
 * -valign=top

Per team

 * }

Grand slam titles by decade
.

1880s

1890s

1900s

1910s

1920s

1930s

1940s

1950s

1960s

1970s

1980s

1990s

2000s

2010s

2020s

Grand Slam titles by country
Note: Titles, won by a team of players from same country, count as one title, not two.

All-time
.

Open Era
.


text:
Deployment descriptor

A deployment descriptor  (DD) refers to a configuration file for an artifact that is deployed to some container/engine.

In the Java Platform, Enterprise Edition, a deployment descriptor describes how a component, module or application (such as a web application or enterprise application) should be deployed. It directs a deployment tool to deploy a module or application with specific container options, security settings and describes specific configuration requirements. XML is used for the syntax of these deployment descriptor files.

For web applications, the deployment descriptor must be called web.xml and must reside in the WEB-INF directory in the web application root. For Java EE applications, the deployment descriptor must be named application.xml and must be placed directly in the META-INF directory at the top level of the application .ear file.

Types
In Java EE, there are two types of deployment descriptors: "Java EE deployment descriptors" and "runtime deployment descriptors". The Java EE deployment descriptors are defined by the language specification, whereas the runtime descriptors are defined by the vendor of each container implementation. For example, the web.xml file is a standard Java EE deployment descriptor, specified in the Java Servlet specification, but the sun-web.xml file contains configuration data specific to the Sun GlassFish Enterprise Server implementation.

title: Deployment descriptor


text:
Evan Almighty

Evan Almighty is a 2007 American fantasy comedy film that is a spin-off and sequel of Bruce Almighty (2003). The film was directed by Tom Shadyac, written by Steve Oedekerk, based on the characters created by Steve Koren and Mark O'Keefe from the original film. It stars Steve Carell and Morgan Freeman reprising their roles as Evan Baxter and God, respectively, with new cast members Lauren Graham and John Goodman. The film is a modern-day retelling of Noah's Ark, which Evan reluctantly re-enacts because God commands him to do so at the same time Evan pursues a new career in government.

Production of the film began in January 2006. Several visual effect companies were used to provide CGI for the numerous animals and the climactic flood scene. By the time the film had completed production, it had become the most expensive comedy film ever, later being overtaken by Men in Black 3.

The film opened on June 22, 2007, and was a box-office bomb, grossing $174.4 million worldwide, and received generally negative reviews from critics.

Plot
Newly elected to Congress, former local television news reporter Evan Baxter leaves his hometown of Buffalo, New York and moves with his family to the community of Prestige Crest, located in the fictional town of Huntsville, Virginia, where his congressional campaign officially declares that he will change the world. Evan prays to God to give him this opportunity. His wife, Joan, also prays that she, Evan, and their three sons will be closer together as a family.

On his first day in Congress, Evan receives a letter from his greedy boss, Congressman Chuck Long, who provides him with a prime office and gives him the opportunity to join him as the junior co-sponsor to his Citizens' Integration of Public Lands Act (CINPLAN) bill. Over the next several days, strange events in Evan's life occur:

 * Eight vacant lots in Prestige Crest are purchased under his name and ancient tools and gopher wood are delivered there
 * Pairs of animals start following him around everywhere he goes, with birds flying into his office through the window
 * He begins to grow a beard, which grows back whenever he shaves it every morning
 * His hair grows uncontrollably
 * His clothes are replaced with robes
 * The number 614 starts appearing in various forms throughout his daily routines

Evan comes to realize that the number actually refers to verse 14 in chapter 6 of the Book of Genesis, where God instructed Noah to build an ark in preparation for a coming flood. Although Evan initially rejects this idea, God himself starts appearing to Evan and assures him that the flood will come and the only way he can change the world will be through recreating the ark instead. Evan finally decides to start building it using the tools and materials provided, giving him an opportunity to spend more time with his sons, but Joan sees this as a midlife crisis.

While Evan still maintains his career in Congress, his appearance alienates three staffers and the animals that follow him everywhere become more disruptive. God reappears to Evan and provides him a robe, later warning him the flood will come mid-day on the 22nd of September. When God indefinitely exposes Evan's robe, Long gets him suspended from Congress and have him removed from the Public Land Act bill. Believing that Evan has gone insane, Joan leaves him behind, causing Evan himself to continue building the ark alone. Meanwhile, God disguises himself as a waiter in a restaurant and speaks with Joan. God assures Joan that she should see this as an opportunity for the entire family to get closer to each other. Joan is inspired and finally returns to help Evan finish building the ark together to prepare for the flood.

On September 22, Evan's three staffers show him evidence that Long had planned to build Prestige Crest after damming off a nearby water source, but Long had cut many corners in building the dam. They suspect Long would do the same with the Public Land Act Bill. With the ark finally complete, the animals board two by two. However, the local police threaten to demolish it with a wrecking ball as the ark violates land codes and a small amount of rain falls. Evan realizes that the flood will not be due to the rain, but as a result of Long's dam failing. The dam eventually fails, destroying all the homes of Prestige Crest. The entire community manages to safely board the Ark, which rides the floodwaters to Washington, D.C.. The ark then comes to its final destination in front of the Capitol, interrupting the vote for Long's Public Land Act Bill. The flood results in Evan criticizing Long of being responsible for cost-cutting leading up to the dam's failure.

The voting of the Public Land Act Bill is suspended due to an investigation on Long for profiteering. After the flood, Evan is reinstated to Congress and all the animals return to their natural habitats. With his appearance returned back to normal, Evan re-encounters God during a family hike. God states that Evan had changed his world as he prayed for and being closer to his family through his one Act of Random Kindness (ARK). God issues a new commandment to the outgoing audience: "Thou shalt do the dance", followed by the film's cast and crew dance to C+C Music Factory's hit song "Gonna Make You Sweat (Everybody Dance Now)" during the closing credits.

Screenplay
The film's screenplay was originally titled The Passion of the Ark and was written by Bobby Florsheim and Josh Stolberg. It became the subject of a seven-studio bidding war in April 2004. The script was sold to Sony Pictures in a deal worth $2.5 million plus a percentage of the profits, a record for a spec script from previously unproduced writers. Universal Studios immediately made a deal to co-produce the script with Sony Pictures and have Steve Oedekerk rewrite it into the sequel to Bruce Almighty. Steve Oedekerk had been involved with Bruce Almighty as an executive producer and co-writer of the screenplay (with Steve Koren and Mark O'Keefe, who wrote the story). The studio later discarded the original The Passion of the Ark script completely, and Oedekerk fashioned a new script from scratch (only he received final credit on the finished film as screenwriter). Jim Carrey was asked to reprise his role as Bruce in the sequel and, when he declined, director Tom Shadyac convinced Steve Carell to accept the leading role. Shadyac, reflecting on the first film, stated "[Carell] delivered some of the funniest stuff in the movie. We thought, 'Why not take that character and spin him off into a different film?'"

Casting
Jim Carrey declined to reprise his role from the original Bruce Almighty, saying that he is "not a big fan of doing the same character twice." This marked the third time a sequel has been made to a film for which Carrey declined to reprise his role—the others being Dumb and Dumberer and Son of the Mask.

Budget
The initial budget, at approximately $140 million, led Evan Almighty to become the most expensive comedy film ever made. Added costs such as set construction, visual effects, and problems with filming multiple animals in a controlled location brought the budget up to $175 million. Once marketing for the film was also included, the film's entire spend was estimated to be around $200 million. The ballooning budget caused Sony to drop the project and hand it over entirely to Universal Studios. Part of the budget was Carell's payroll, where he earned a reported $5 million for his leading role. The Virginia Film Office estimates the film brought $20–25 million to Virginia, with the majority of it in the Charlottesville area. Universal defended the cost of the film, saying it was "designed as a four-quadrant film, and therefore poised for bigger [box office] returns than typical comedies."

Ark design and construction
Construction of the ark began in January 2006 and the scenes involving the ark were shot in a Crozet, Virginia, subdivision called Old Trail. The ark was designed to meet the actual measurements of the biblical ark, measuring 450 ft long, 80 ft wide, and 51 ft high. The ark's layout was also based on pictures in several children's books that crew members had read in their childhoods. When the characters were filmed during the day building the ark or were on location elsewhere, crew members would further construct the ark at night. A concrete base was built to support the weight of the large ark; after filming was completed, the ark was taken down in a week, and the base in another week.

In disassembling the set, everything that was salvageable from the ark was donated to Habitat for Humanity. "Leave no trace" was the slogan used by the director as part of the DVD's bonus features, "The Almighty Green Set".

Costumes and filming locations
To create Evan's beard and long hair, three designers would take three hours each day adding individual hairs using prosthetic adhesive and making Carell wear custom wigs. The wigs consisted of both human and yak hair. With his new look, Carell was sometimes nicknamed "Mountain Man", "Retrosexual", or "Unabomber." For his costumes, designers spoke with textile experts, researched historical information on the clothing that was likely worn at the time of Noah, and used aged fibers for the clothing.

Scenes for the film were filmed in various locations in Virginia, including areas in and around Crozet, Waynesboro, Richmond, Charlottesville, and Staunton, though some filming did take place at Universal Studios in Hollywood, California.

Effects
For the CGI used throughout the film, companies Rhythm & Hues (R&H) and Industrial Light & Magic (ILM) developed different parts of the film. R&H focused on the animation of the animals, while ILM completed the final scene of the ark rushing through Washington, D.C. Lindy De Quattro, the ILM associate visual effects supervisor, revealed that "This is the first time where we had to do a whole series of shots that were happening mid-day, where you were going to get a really long look at the water and what it was doing." The company initially experienced problems creating the water effects and had to develop new tools which would choreograph the movements of the water. In addition, ILM used similar tools that were used on their prior film Poseidon. Lighting was also an issue as the characters on the ark had been filmed on a greenscreen stage, and the visual effects company had to ensure that the lighting matched that of the characters and the outside setting. Details were added to the ark for long-distance shots to make the design of the ark more appealing and relate the ark's size to scale in comparison to the amount of water. To complete the scene, ILM used thirty to sixty crew members and produced 200 shots over a yearlong period between April 2006 and May 2007.

Rhythm & Hues created 300 pairs of animals for use on the ark and fifteen pairs with higher detail for closeup shots. R&H was also assisted by C.I.S. Hollywood, another visual effects company, who provided a large number of composites, involving hundreds of greenscreen animal elements. In scenes where there are multiple species of animals, crew members would film the animals on the greenscreen and R&H and C.I.S would digitally add the animals one at a time, sometimes taking several weeks to a couple of months. Andy Arnett, the animation supervisor, declared that "The research was extensive. It took six or seven months to perfect the look and feel of the animals before we had the first shot out the door."

For the scene in Congressman Long's office, CGI was used the entire time for the fish that follow Evan around from the fish tank. Cafe FX, the visual effects company hired for the scene, ordered ten different kinds of tropical fish from a local store and studied their movements to imitate them on screen using computer animation. Jeff Goldman, the visual effects supervisor, stated "Early in the sequence, we mimicked the actual behavior of the fish in our animation, but as the scene plays out, the fish are a counterpoint to Steve Carell's comedic timing."

Marketing
In late May during production, the media learned that director Tom Shadyac angrily complained to producers, saying "I'm not seeing any ads, and I don't know why. I'm not getting answers. People are giving me information that isn't true ... I'm only hearing about all the other summer movies, and nothing about mine." Shadyac also fired his marketing consultants that he had used for prior films due to his thoughts over the mishandling of the marketing. He later apologized for his outburst with producers, and claimed that it was as a result of his nervousness before the film's release.

Grace Hill Media, a marketing firm that targets religious Americans and was also used for marketing Bruce Almighty, The Da Vinci Code, and The Passion of the Christ; held exclusive screenings of the film in mid-June in fifty cities in the United States to reach religious moviegoers. Grace Hill provided free screenings to blogs in exchange for publicity on the blogs. The film and its subsequent home video release was marketed to Christians and their churches through a "kindness campaign" called Ark ALMIGHTY.

The first trailer of the film premiered on March 29, 2007 for a marathon of The Office, which also stars Steve Carell and Ed Helms. For online advertising, an eight-minute clip of a scene was released on Yahoo! two days before the release of the film.

The film was also an official sponsor for the 2007 Tooth & Nail Tour along with Best Buy, PureVolume, AbsolutePunk and White Castle.

Environmental impact
Director Tom Shadyac felt the film reflected environmental themes of how humans are stewards of God's creation. In keeping with the themes, Evan Almighty became NBC Universal's first film to offset the production's carbon emissions. Producer Michael Bostick revealed how the emissions were offset:

"We worked closely with The Conservation Fund to calculate our carbon emissions from what we used on the movie—whether from vehicles used or any of the construction equipment. Once our carbon emissions were calculated, we planted trees that will effectively zero out our climate-changing footprint left behind from the movie."

Shadyac accomplished this by requiring crew members to plant 2,050 trees at the Rappahannock River Valley National Wildlife Refuge in Warsaw, Virginia and the San Joaquin River National Wildlife Refuge near Modesto, California. He also bought over 400 bikes for all the cast and crew, to get to work instead of driving. In addition, rather than simply demolishing sets, Shadyac tried to donate houses built for the production and had the Ark set recycled, by donating materials to Habitat for Humanity. During the premiere of the film for cast and crew at Universal Citywalk, the attendees were encouraged to donate to a campaign to plant trees in forests around the world. The after party used recycled cups and plates to offset the use of resources. Shadyac also required that when Industrial Light & Magic developed the climactic scene, that the CGI flood did not appear to harm any of the trees in the scene.

The film partnered with the website Get On Board Now, which focused on the importance of conservation during production of the film. Donations were taken at the website for The Conservation Fund, which paid for the planting of 15,000 trees.

Animal welfare
The American Humane Association oversaw the 177 species of animals that were used in the film. In scenes including both predators and prey, the animals were digitally added instead to ensure their safety. The American Humane Association gave its permission for the film to display "No animals were harmed in the making of this movie" over the closing credits.

PETA accused the film's producers of using animals that had previously been abused. Two chimpanzees who appear in the film, Cody and Sable, were surrendered by their owner to settle a lawsuit that documented allegations of beatings and mistreatment. PETA was also critical of Birds & Animals Unlimited, the primary animal supplier to the film, for alleged serious and continuing violations of the U.S. Animal Welfare Act, including failure to comply with veterinary care requirements and failure to provide shelter from heat and sunlight, which PETA details and claims it can document.

The film's director, Tom Shadyac, said of PETA's criticisms "many of these animals have been rescued from other situations and can't be returned to the wild" and "There's a certain amount of hypocrisy whenever you work with animals, even to show, which we hope we're showing, that respect of all of God's creation ... I don't know. I respect their criticism." A Universal Studios spokesperson declared: "The live animals used in the filming of Evan Almighty were supplemented by a great number of computer-generated animals, but it would have been impossible to depend on CGI exclusively as some key scenes in the film demonstrate the need for peaceful and productive co-existence between man and animals. One of the most prominent, inescapable messages of the film is the responsibility that humans have to protect and care for animals."

Theatrical
The premiere for the film was held on June 10, 2007, and guests included Adam Sandler, David Hasselhoff, Kate Flannery, Eddie Murphy, Kevin James, and Mindy Kaling, among others.

Home media
The film was released on HD DVD and DVD on October 9, 2007, and was the fourth-most rented DVD of the week earning $6.4 million. In the film's first six weeks of release it earned $27,676,676 in domestic DVD sales. The HD-DVD and DVD's special features include deleted scenes, outtakes, cast interviews, and footage of the animals used in the film. The film was released on Blu-ray on August 7, 2012.

Proposed ban
Malaysia's Muslim Consumers Association (PPIM) called for a ban on the film, claiming it is offensive to Islam. Secretary-General Maamor Osman claimed that the film was depicting the great flood as comedy and characterized God with the portrayal of a human, both of which are considered blasphemous in Islam. Similarly there was some public protest against Bruce Almighty being shown in theaters, but that movie was released on DVD and was also shown on television broadcasts. Evan Almighty was still released in Malaysia on August 23, 2007.

Box office
Though Evan Almighty was well hyped, especially with churchgoers, and had double the budget of Bruce Almighty, it performed under expectations. On its first weekend, it opened in 5,200 screens in 3,604 theaters and earned $31.1 million (on its first two days the film earned $11.4 million followed by $8.3 million on Sunday). The opening was less than half of the first film's $68 million weekend ($85 million counting Memorial Day). Nikki Rocco, the president of distribution for Universal Pictures declared, "We never expected it to be much higher ... it is not unusual for family films to open at a level like this and build. This film will have legs." The film managed to remain at the third spot at the box office in its second week, before dropping to fifth place in its third week.

Internationally, the film also opened in first place in Russia and Ukraine, earning $1.5 million in Russia with 329 venues and $179,000 in Ukraine at 64 locations. The gross in the opening weekends for the two countries was 10% and 11%, respectively, bigger than the opening for Bruce Almighty. Altogether, the film earned $173,418,781 worldwide with $100,462,298 in the U.S. and $72,956,483 in the international box office.

Critical response
Evan Almighty received generally negative reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 24%, based on 194 reviews, with an average rating of 4.5/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Big on special effects but short on laughs, Evan Almighty underutilizes a star-studded cast that includes Steve Carell and Morgan Freeman." On Metacritic the film has a weighted average score of 37 out of 100, based on reviews from 33 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A−" on an A+ to F scale.

Critic Richard Roeper commended Jim Carrey for declining to reprise his role in "three of the worst sequels of all time", which included Dumb and Dumberer: When Harry Met Lloyd, Son of the Mask and Evan Almighty. He continued: "Evan Almighty is a paper-thin alleged comedy with a laugh drought of biblical proportions, and a condescendingly simplistic spiritual message." Several reviewers credit Carell's performance to significantly improving the humor of the film. Peter Travers of Rolling Stone gave it 1 out of 4, calling it "shamelessly juvenile, pseudo-religious, mock-sincere" and "not that funny". He praised Carell "who projects the movie’s only sense of mischief. But it’s too little and too late." He later included it on his list of the Worst Movies of 2007.

Awards
Before Evan Almighty was released, it was nominated for "Best Summer Movie You Haven't Seen Yet" at the 2007 MTV Movie Awards. Competing against seven other nominees, it lost to Transformers. At the Golden Raspberry Awards Evan Almighty was nominated for the Worst Prequel or Sequel, but lost to Daddy Day Camp.

Soundtrack
Evan Almighty: Music from and Inspired by the Motion Picture debuted in 2007. The soundtrack debuted on June 19, 2007. "Revolution" was performed by Rascal Flatts in the film. Their version is not on the soundtrack, but it appears as a bonus track on their album Still Feels Good. Also not included on the soundtrack are Elton John's 2006 hit, "Just Like Noah's Ark" of which only a little bit is heard during the start of building the ark, and John Mayer's "Waiting on the World to Change", used in the main ark-building montage. "Ready For a Miracle" was released as a single for the soundtrack by American country pop recording artist, LeAnn Rimes.

Rascal Flatts' version of "Revolution" peaked at number 57 on the Hot Country Songs charts, and "The Power of One" by Bomshel reached number 52 on the same.

The soundtrack was nominated for a Dove Award for Special Event Album of the Year at the 39th GMA Dove Awards. The song "Be the Miracle" by Room for Two was also nominated for Contemporary Recorded Song of the Year while "Ready for a Miracle" by LeAnn Rimes won the Dove Award for Traditional Gospel Recorded Song of the Year.

 * Note: Tracks one, two and fourteen to sixteen are taken from the film while tracks three through thirteen are inspired by the film.

title: Evan Almighty


text:
Talk:Lake Limestone

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 21 August 2020 and 4 December 2020. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): AntrelleClark98. Peer reviewers: Smarshall01!, Twin3399.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 08:47, 18 January 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lake Limestone


text:
User talk:Chaindog

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. -- GraemeL (talk) 17:53, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

Please stop removing content from Wikipedia. It is considered vandalism. If you want to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you. -- GraemeL (talk) 18:04, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Chaindog


text:
Talk:Star Trek Online

link to sto wiki
it will be helpfull to add there since there is a lot of walktrhought to many misions and many info about game, items etc. 2A00:1028:9198:E50E:F999:D8D3:5973:ECCB (talk) 19:32, 8 June 2015 (UTC)

Canonicity
Is this canon? I'm leaning toward no, as Paramount's traditional stance is anything other than the live-action Trek series and movies is not part of established canon? Perhaps someone should check with whoever maintains Trek continuity(as opposed to some mouth-breathing Trektard)whether or not STO is canon and list that as part of the article, as to make things perfectly clear. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.16.223.205 (talk) 07:39, 27 January 2016 (UTC)

no longer free to play
i discussed it with support and they confirmed it. they might contact you. it is back to monthly subscription though they have yet to edit their websites.84.212.111.156 (talk) 19:33, 25 August 2017 (UTC)

 * Hmmm, you'll need a reference. It was free fine for me last week on the Xbox. Canterbury Tail   talk  19:57, 25 August 2017 (UTC)

xbox one requires xbox live gold to play the game. i tried to play it on silver and was told that i needed gold to play it. 84.212.111.156 (talk) 15:44, 26 August 2017 (UTC)
 * Yeah, on Xbox you need gold to play multiplayer games. This isn't Star Trek Online's problem, it's Microsofts. Star Trek Online is free to play, on PC and Xbox, just on Xbox you have to have gold like every other multiplayer game. Canterbury Tail   talk  18:34, 26 August 2017 (UTC)
 * the playstation 4 version also costs to play.84.212.111.156 (talk) 12:52, 26 November 2017 (UTC)
 * Nope. May need a plus subscription, but the game itself does not require a subscription to play. Unless you have a solid reference, please stop posting this. Canterbury Tail   talk  20:47, 26 November 2017 (UTC)

according to chat support the pc version needs a subscription to play. there appears to be a lot of chaos over at perfect world at the moment however because ticket support is saying the exact oposite. i guess the people in charge forgot to tell all of the support staff. better just wait and see if this calms down. the xbox one version however does cost to play according to its website.84.212.111.156 (talk) 19:58, 27 August 2017 (UTC)
 * Nope. Just loaded it up and played it on both PC and Xbox One. Perfectly free, I have no subscription. And no talk on the forums either. Anyway this isn't a forum. Unless you can provide a reliable reference for something, which is obviously not true, then there's no discussion to be had here. Canterbury Tail   talk  21:15, 27 August 2017 (UTC) i can no longer play the pc version because i need to buy a subscription.

Customer Service controversy (bait and switch)
Perfect World sent out an e-mail to some players, who had stopped playing the game, that promised them a free level 60 ship and a free level-up for one of their level 50 characters. The e-mail stated this in a manner that made it clear that the players' accounts had been granted this content. However, some players did not immediately redeem the code and found, when they did try to redeem it — that it didn't work. Perfect World refused to do anything to rectify the situation. The e-mail had nothing whatsoever in it about there being an expiration. There was no "limited time" language. Not only did Perfect World refuse to rectify what seemed to be bait and switch fraud, the company also did condescending things like thank those customers for letting Perfect World serve them — when, of course, the company had done them the disservice of breaking a promise and backing up that action with stonewalling. I think this is a noteworthy issue for addition to this article, although I realize that many in the gaming community are very pliant when it comes to bad business practices.
 * There is also ongoing controversy in the gaming community about Perfect World's use of these codes. The complaint is that it's unfair that some players receive them and others do not.

Updates
This page need to be updated, its full with old information, the game has changed a lot in the last 2 months — Preceding unsigned comment added by 91.177.29.178 (talk) 23:17, 2 January 2019 (UTC)

 * and now it is changing hands again. from gearbox and cryptic to just deca. someone needs to include the newer expansions however, as the article makes it look like the game was discontinued, which it was not. 84.208.108.74 (talk) 11:38, 7 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Star Trek Online


text:
Talk:Pisgah Covered Bridge

Untitled
So far I have come across three dates for the construction of the bridge: 1910, 1911, and 1903. I have also come across three estimates for how many covered bridges exist in NC: two, three, and seven. Just thought I'd mention that for anyone that may expand the article. Jaberwocky6669 17:54, August 30, 2005 (UTC)

According to Dale J. Travis there are 11 covered bridges in North Carolina, not two as stated on the Pisgah bridge site. http://www.dalejtravis.com/bridge/bridgenc.htm

I would argue that the Old Salem site footbridge qualifies of historical significance since it was designed and built in the '90's. And a couple of others listed on the Travis site aren't much more that a few sticks of wood. But it would appear that there may be at least eight or nine worthy of mention.

title: Talk:Pisgah Covered Bridge


text: User talk:80.104.154.195

title: User talk:80.104.154.195


text:
User:Tnova92

Hi.
I'm Charles Terranova. As you'll read below, I own your soul most likely.

Your Reason For Existence
Your purpose for existence is to listen to me. All other activities are not good.

Hey! YOU!
Yeah, YOU!

I'd like everyone to know that I am NOT insane
I'm just...different. That's all. Yeah.

The Below statement is true
The above statement is false

title: User:Tnova92


text:
Twelve Shots on the Rocks

Twelve Shots on the Rocks is the sixth studio album by the Finnish rock band Hanoi Rocks, released in 2002, however it was their first studio album since the band's break-up in 1985. Critical and commercial acclaim for the album exceeded expectations and the album went Gold in their native Finland. The CD was issued twice. The first issue in Finland had 13 tracks and a different mix to the North American release which had 17 tracks.

Track listing Finnish pressing

 * 1) "Intro" – 0:28
 * 2) "Obscured" (Juan Amaral, Hector Fernandez, Gaby Zero, Michael Monroe, Jude Wilder) – 4:06
 * 3) "Whatcha Want" (Monroe, Wilder) – 4:17
 * 4) "People Like Me" (Andy McCoy, Monroe) – 2:58
 * 5) "In My Darkest Moment" (McCoy, Monroe) – 4:23
 * 6) "Delirious" (Gary Holton, Monroe, Ronnie Thomas, Wilder, Williams) – 3:15
 * 7) "A Day Late, a Dollar Short" (McCoy) – 3:08
 * 8) "New York City" (Monroe, Wilder) – 4:04
 * 9) "Winged Bull" (Daryl Hall) – 4:27
 * 10) "Watch This" (Monroe, Wilder) – 3:46
 * 11) "Gypsy Boots" (McCoy, Monroe) – 4:12
 * 12) "Lucky" (McCoy, Monroe) – 3:22
 * 13) "Designs on You" (Monroe, Wilder) – 10:30

Track listing North American pressing

 * 1) "Intro" – 0:28
 * 2) "Obscured" (Amaral, Fernandez, Gutierres, Monroe, Wilder) – 4:06
 * 3) "Bad News" (Martin) – 3:48
 * 4) "New York City" (Monroe, Wilder) – 4:04
 * 5) "Delirious" (Holton, Monroe, Thomas, Wilder, Williams) – 3:15
 * 6) "A Day Late, a Dollar Short" (McCoy) – 3:08
 * 7) "In My Darkest Moment" (McCoy, Monroe) – 4:23
 * 8) "People Like Me" (McCoy, Monroe) – 2:58
 * 9) "Whatcha Want" (Monroe, Wilder) – 4:17
 * 10) "Moonlite Dance" (Monroe, McCoy) – 2:55
 * 11) "Gypsy Boots" (McCoy, Monroe) – 4:12
 * 12) "Lucky" (McCoy, Monroe) – 3:22
 * 13) "Watch This" (Monroe, Wilder) – 3:46
 * 14) "Designs on You" (Monroe, Wilder) – 10:30
 * 15) "L.A.C.U." – (Lacu) – 0:18
 * 16) "Are You Lonely Tonight?" (DeVille) – 3:09
 * 17) "Winged Bull (Hall) – 4:28

Personnel

 * Hanoi Rocks
 * Michael Monroe – lead vocals, saxophone, harmonica, guitars, keyboards, percussion
 * Andy McCoy – guitars, backing vocals
 * Costello Hautamäki – guitars, backing vocals
 * Timpa – bass, backing vocals
 * Lacu – drums, percussion

title: Twelve Shots on the Rocks


text: Category:World Heritage Sites in Oman

title: Category:World Heritage Sites in Oman


text:
Category:Mountains of Oman

The mountains of Oman.

title: Category:Mountains of Oman


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Detail bangladesh

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete --Allen3 talk 21:12, September 5, 2005 (UTC)

Detail bangladesh
C&P from the CIA World Factbook; needless duplicate of Bangladesh. --Ngb 17:57, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete yuk. What's the copyritgh status of the CIA Factbook? Public as US Govt work? Anyway, no redirect since no one would search for this without simply finding the Bangladesh article. -Splash 22:21, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The page was originally listed as a Copyvio, but since as you say the Factbook is public domain (except for the seal of the CIA) it needed to come here instead. --Ngb?!? 12:07, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. *drew 12:05, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Basil the Confessor

There are two individuals known as Basil the Confessor (Greek: Βασιλείος ό Ομολογητής); one was a monk and the other Bishop of Parium.

Venerable Basil the Confessor
Venerable Basil the Confessor was an Eastern Orthodox saint who lived in the 8th century. During the iconoclast controversy, Basil and his teacher Procopius of Decapolis, were imprisoned by the Byzantine Emperor Leo III the Isaurian. Both languished in prison until the death of the emperor in 741, when they were released and returned to their monastery. He died peacefully in 750 and is venerated February 28 (New Style; March 13 Old Style).

Basil the Confessor, Bishop of Parium
Basil was a monk who was elected Bishop of Parium. In February 754 Emperor Constantine V convened a synod at Hieria to condemn the veneration of icons. Basil refused to sign the orders for their destruction, He subsequently avoided any dealings with the iconoclasts. For this he suffered much persecution, hunger and deprivation. He is commemorated April 12.

title: Basil the Confessor


text: Category:Defunct airlines of the United Kingdom


text:
Talk:FLTK

Merge?
Seems like it should be. Not a lot of room for expansion here. Small enough topic. No strong opinion about it though. Jason Quinn (talk) 05:32, 27 August 2010 (UTC)
 * Merge with which article? Why not having short articles? mabdul 12:09, 12 November 2011 (UTC)

 * Hi, Mabdul. I'm not sure why I ended up commenting here. I may have used an automated tool to help with a merge. I was referring to the FLUID article. Jason Quinn (talk) 03:08, 19 November 2011 (UTC)

There is be no need to merge the articles. If given some time, they will expand to the point that merging would result in a ridiculously large article because these two topics are quite big. Yoreei (talk) 18:23, 16 August 2012 (UTC)

Button allocation in code example
How come the button is allocated on the heap? If the pointer isn't needed anyway, it might as well be allocated on the stack. I thought that was usually preferred. Also, since the pointer isn't saved in any way, how is a memory leak prevented? --87.157.207.50 (talk) 00:56, 2 January 2012 (UTC)

Looking at the code, I think the creation of the window sets it as the parent for new controls: 1 Fl_Window* w = new Fl_Window(330, 190); 2 new Fl_Button(110, 130, 100, 35, "Okay"); 3 w->end; Line 1 creates the window and its constructor does { currentParent = this; }. Line 2 creates the button and its constructor does { currentParent->addChild(this); }. Line 3 does { currentParent = nullptr; }. Had the button been allocated on the stack, the space where the button is sitting would be reused and that would likely crash the program or worse. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.139.81.0 (talk) 02:31, 22 June 2014 (UTC)

Architecture section looks like copy-paste
The Architecture section partially speaks about GTK+ and states things (written in C, uses GLib object system) that are not true for FLTK (cf. rest of article). I guess it is a copy of a corresponding section in the GTK+ article (probably an old version thereof). Could anyone rework this section? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.107.152.103 (talk) 20:32, 2 July 2014 (UTC)

Out of place example program
The example program in the Language Bindings section seems a bit out of place. Should it be in another section? Chucksys (talk) 22:22, 17 January 2015 (UTC)

Nuke Connection
Shouldn't Nuke be mentioned? I think that was the history of this library, see here:

https://www.nukepedia.com/interviews/interview-bill-spitzak — Preceding unsigned comment added by 146.152.214.10 (talk) 15:52, 18 October 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:FLTK


text:
Ebbe Schön

Ebbe Schön (13 December 1929 – 4 August 2022) was a Swedish author, folklorist and associate professor in literature at Stockholm University. Besides literature, he studied ethnology, Scandinavian languages and Slavonic languages at Stockholm University.

Among other things, he worked as a naval radio operator and as a press officer and film producer at the Swedish Naval Staff, and was a radio and TV producer at Swedish Radio and Swedish Television. Schön was the head of Sweden's largest folklore collection at the Nordic Museum in Stockholm for almost two decades. He wrote many books about literature, folklore and Norse mythology, both for adults and children.

Awards and honours

 * Studieförbundet Vuxenskolans folkbildningsstipendium (1989)
 * Bohuslandstingets kulturpris (1990)
 * Mickelpriset awarded by Berättarnätet Kronoberg and Studieförbundet Vuxenskolan in Ljungby (1999)
 * Kungl. Patriotiska Sällskapets Gösta Berg-medalj (2004)
 * Jöran Sahlgren-pris awarded by Kungl. Gustav Adolfs Akademien för svensk folkkultur (2005)
 * Bohusläningens kulturpris (2011)

title: Ebbe Schön


text:
Gallaudet (disambiguation)

Gallaudet is may refer to

People

 * Gallaudet (surname)

Business and economy

 * Gallaudet Aircraft Company

Military

 * Gallaudet DB-1, United States day bomber prototype designed during World War I

Places

 * Gallaudet University
 * Gallaudet University Press, university publisher that focuses on issues relating to deafness and sign language
 * NoMa–Gallaudet U station, is an island platformed station on the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority's (WMATA) Metro system

title: Gallaudet (disambiguation)