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Talk:Ron Perlman

Misc
Why no date of birth? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.44.248.48 (talk) 12:14, 29 January 2021 (UTC)

Someone has vandalized this article so that all references to Ron Perlman say "Tom Waits". —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.146.50.123 (talk) 00:57, 18 January 2008 (UTC)

This guy is just creepy as hell —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.102.132.230 (talk • contribs)

agreed —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.141.217.93 (talk • contribs)

He's also a fantastic voice.

He was the lead in City of Lost Children in 1995, which is well before Hellboy. I'm not sure if he was a lead before that. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.8.182.72 (talk • contribs)

I recently learned he was the voice talent in all but ONE fallout game (brotherhood of steel for xbox), but i dont know the specifics so i can't add the info to his sheet. Anyone know where to find the credits for the games, or where to find the information to add it to this? —Preceding unsigned comment added by User: (talk • contribs) This is True -Kaospyri

He was in City of Lost Children, so does that mean he speaks french? It is not said in this article. —Preceding unsigned comment added by User: (talk • contribs)
 * Please sign your comments.--RossF18 (talk) 22:43, 28 July 2008 (UTC)

I just caught the reality show "1,000 Ways to Die" (March 8, 2009) and thought I heard him as the narrator. I could'nt check the credits and the Spike TV website doesn't say. And I agree he has a fanastic voice and no, I do not think he is creepy at all. 03:13, 8 March 2009 (UTC) I thought i heard him also -Kaospyri

He narrated UFC 249 and other UFC events. Yragary (talk) 15:25, 12 May 2020 (UTC)Yragary

Is it worth mentioning that his son is DJ/Producer, "Delroy Edwards". — Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.141.61.134 (talk) 20:11, 4 April 2015 (UTC)

Picture
Can anyone find a better picture of him. I've removed the current picture because his face was distorted by low quality picture and you couldn't really see who is even in the picture, except for recognizable hair. Plus a more recent picture than a 20 year old one would be good too. --RossF18 (talk) 22:43, 28 July 2008 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Hellboy Shot 2.jpg
The image Image:Hellboy Shot 2.jpg is used in this article under a claim of fair use, but it does not have an adequate explanation for why it meets the requirements for such images when used here. In particular, for each page the image is used on, it must have an explanation linking to that page which explains why it needs to be used on that page. Please check

 * That there is a non-free use rationale on the image's description page for the use in this article.
 * That this article is linked to from the image description page.

This is an automated notice by FairuseBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. --12:44, 14 September 2008 (UTC)

Parents not retired?
The article claims:
 * "His mother, Dorothy, is a municipal employee, and his father is a jazz drummer and repairman."

So, they are still working? Given that Ron Perlman is 58 years old (in 2008 when I write this), wouldn't his parents be pretty much retired by now? // JiPe (90.230.149.129 (talk) 23:23, 31 October 2008 (UTC))

Municipal Employee And Blake
The article says that his mother was a "municipal employee". This sounds like a euphemism for something. She could have done almost anything and be employed by a council, from swimming bath attendant to Chief Executive. Does anyone know? Also, is his daughter's name really "Blake"? Jenna or Cally maybe, but Blake for a girl? DavidFarmbrough (talk) 07:49, 13 November 2009 (UTC)

Blake isn't that unusual. I know a woman named Michael, and Chris Martin named his child friggin' Apple for crying out loud. At least his daughter has an actual name —Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.97.236.146 (talk) 11:38, 27 November 2009 (UTC)

A Few Good Men
Why is there no mention in this article of Perlman's preformance as Jessup in the orginal Broadway production of A_Few_Good_Men_(play)? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Frohike14 (talk • contribs) 21:49, 19 March 2010 (UTC)

Does Perlman speak French?
Perhaps the article should mention that Perlman speaks French, if he does, or explain how he could play One in the Jeunet/Caro movie La cité des enfants perdus if he doesn't (One rarely says more than ten words in any given scene of the movie, so it probably wouldn't be impossible even if Pearlman only speaks a few words of French). - Tournesol (talk) 17:10, 20 April 2010 (UTC)

 * From the words he speaks in French in the film, I don't thing he speaks French. It's only a few words that are easy to memorize. I do think that La Cité des enfants perdus is his best role, can we add it to the text in the intro? X10 (talk) 22:38, 2 November 2013 (UTC)

 * Thanks (belatedly) for the clarification. Since I first encountered Perlman via Cite des Enfants Perdus, and then again via the French-helmed Alien 4, I had wrongly assumed he was a native French speaker, most likely a French-Canadian actor. Clearly he's not French-Canadian (he's from New York) and whilst he may well speak some French, it does not appear that he is a native speaker nor even likely to be an advanced speaker. I'm not the only person to have made this mistake, might it be worth adding to the article somewhere, if we can find a reliable source on his linguistics? Andrew Oakley (talk) 12:28, 6 February 2017 (UTC)

 * Here's a good source. I'll add to the main article when I have time. http://www.perlmanpages.com/bsmovies/colcrpint.htm Andrew Oakley (talk) 12:34, 6 February 2017 (UTC)

Jewish
Why is he presumed Jewish? His middle name is Francis, which indicates his mother may not be Jewish, and thus he is not considered Jewish under Jewish law (halakah). Rms125a@hotmail.com (talk) 20:08, 8 May 2010 (UTC)
 * "Francis" is a man's name.71.223.168.160 (talk) 20:22, 2 July 2022 (UTC)
 * I thought he said he was Jewish? There was a source in the article. 64.234.0.101 (talk) 08:02, 7 August 2010 (UTC)

Mention of Fallout
I have added Fallout to the list of his most known roles. His role as the Narrator in Fallout 1, Fallout 2, Fallout Tactics, Fallout 3 and the upcoming Fallout: New Vegas is very known. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.126.216.230 (talk) 22:18, 17 August 2010 (UTC)
 * War. War never changes. However, the article must. 74.98.221.37 (talk) 23:27, 14 November 2010 (UTC)

Primal Force (1999) – Frank Brodie this is incorrect !!!!
this is not the movie that perlman was in, the movie is called "Primal Force" but according to this site it was directed by Nelson McCormick here is a link   http://www.blockbuster.com/browse/catalog/movieDetails/202247  its a movie about  mutant gorillas and he is a hunter/tourguide. (decent movie)Ron kicks butt  (PF)Panafamily1 (talk) 21:28, 15 May 2011 (UTC)

Appearance
Obviously his appearance has been the basis for his film career, but the article doesn't directly mention that. Is there some medical condition behind it, or is he just unusual-looking?--Jack Upland (talk) 10:30, 24 July 2011 (UTC) Spoken Word Album: He also made a CD where he recites poetry, Shakespeare in character as Vincent — Preceding unsigned comment added by 96.227.62.149 (talk) 01:50, 5 September 2011 (UTC)

Did Perlman associate being a Jew with being deformed?
What exactly does "had a Bar Mitzvah ceremony. Perlman continued to say that this experience is one thing that attracts him to "playing these sorts of deformed people who are very endearing"" mean? On the face of it he is saying that his Jewish experiences attracts him to endearing deformed people. I presume that his is not what he meant or the quote was supposed to imply!Royalcourtier (talk) 22:17, 19 December 2014 (UTC)
 * An error in sentence placement. Thank you. Fixed. All Hallow's Wraith (talk) 23:04, 19 December 2014 (UTC)

Does Ron Perlman have acromegaly? Drsruli (talk) 20:53, 13 March 2021 (UTC)

Ronald Francis Perlman
I found some web-page said that his birth name is Ronald Francis Perlman. And some wiki said that also. Is it correct? --Alfredo ougaowen (talk) 09:19, 8 January 2017 (UTC)

Clam Chowder Enthusiast?
Under occupation in the infobox, it lists "Actor, voice actor, clam chowder enthusiast." I see no other mention of clam chowder, it is unsourced, and a search engine doesn't reveal any connection to clam chowder. I'm assuming this is vandalism; are there any sources to the contrary or should it be removed? Balon Greyjoy (talk) 03:16, 20 December 2017 (UTC)

"War. War never changes" listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has identified a potential problem with the redirect War. War never changes and has thus listed it for discussion. This discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2022 October 22 until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. FunnyMath (talk) 20:22, 22 October 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ron Perlman


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User talk:King Wario

I am Wario. I love all that is gold and shiny! Please take the time to chat with me!?

Signing posts
Did you know you can add an automatic signature, with a link to your userpage and a time tag, by just typing ~ at the end of talk page comments? I noticed your posts on Talk:Wario, and I wanted to offer this advice. - A Man In Black (Talk | Contribs) 02:13, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

Cool, thanks for the info. As you can see I really like the Character Wario and want to help that page as much as I can. -King Wario 02:29, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

You're welcome, and that's cool. Just do keep in mind that a few users may be protective of Wario; that article was just chosen as a Featured Article. - A Man In Black (Talk | Contribs) 02:34, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

Future Trunks Merger
Hey, just thought I'd let you know that there's a survey here to have the Future Trunks article merged to Trunks (Dragon Ball). Your thoughts on this matter are welcome. Sarujo (talk) 21:46, 20 August 2008 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:King Wario


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Smokey Bones

Barbeque Integrated Inc. (or simply Smokey Bones and doing business as Smokey Bones Bar and Fire Grill) is an American casual dining restaurant chain. Owned by Barbeque Integrated Inc. and under the umbrella of Sun Capital Partners, Smokey Bones is headquartered in Aventura, Florida. As of April 2023, Smokey Bones has 62 restaurants in 16 Eastern states. Under its previous owner, Smokey Bones had as many as 128 restaurants across most of the United States before it shrank to its current core area.

History
In August 1999, Darden Restaurants, Inc. opened the first Smokey Bones restaurant in Orlando, Florida, at the site previously occupied by Red Lobster and close to Darden's headquarters. By June 2001, Darden had opened 8 additional Smokey Bones BBQ Sports Bar restaurants in Florida, the Midwest and Northeast.

On May 5, 2007, it was announced that Darden Restaurants was closing 56 Smokey Bones restaurants and planning to sell the remaining 73 in its struggling chain. The closings occurred in 22 states, primarily across the southwest and north-central United States.

The chain was sold to Barbeque Integrated Inc. in December 2007 for approximately $80 million.

On August 4, 2015, Ryan Esko was named CEO of Smokey Bones. Esko was replaced by James O’Reilly in 2019.

title: Smokey Bones


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Category:Silent film actors

Silent film actors

The following is a list of actors and actresses whose careers began in the silent film era of the 1910s and 1920s. This list includes international performers who were well known throughout the world, and those who may have only achieved a degree of success in their native countries. Some silent film actors and actresses had careers that only spanned the silent film era, such as Louise Brooks. Others however, maintained careers with the advent of sound film, or talkies.

title: Category:Silent film actors


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Love Is for Suckers

Love Is for Suckers is the fifth studio album by the American heavy metal band Twisted Sister. It was released by Atlantic Records on July 3, 1987. It was the band's last album before their breakup and subsequent reunion and release of Still Hungry in 2004. It is also their last album to be composed of entirely new, original material.

Overview
The sound of the album was strongly influenced by glam metal, and was one of the causes of conflict which led to the band splitting after its release. The band got rid of the more extreme elements of their look, to "fit in with every other hair metal band out there at that time". According to interviews contained in the Live at Wacken DVD and in Snider's autobiography, the material was originally meant to be a solo album by Twisted Sister's lead singer, Dee Snider, but the label pushed for it to be released under the Twisted Sister name instead. The tour for the album lasted just over one month and ended in Minneapolis, Minnesota on October 10, 1987. Two days later, on October 12, 1987, vocalist Dee Snider announced his departure from the band.

All the classic-era band members took part in recording sessions for the album, except drummer A. J. Pero, who left the band in July 1986 and was replaced by Joey Franco. According to the album's producer Beau Hill, guitarist Reb Beach played almost all of the guitars on the album. Hill had Beach, Ojeda and French all play the lead, rhythm and solo guitar parts of a song and he would then select the best performances. Although he wanted to use Twisted Sister's two guitarists where possible, Hill found that Beach, being "such an incredible guitar player", often provided the "strongest and most compelling performance".

No songs from this album appeared on the band's 1992 greatest hits album Big Hits and Nasty Cuts. It would be Twisted Sister's final studio album of original material, as all albums since have been compilations, live albums or re-recordings of already written material.

Seven of the album's songs were played live during the brief 1987 tour. Snider has stated that he likes many of the songs on the album, vocally. However he feels that if they play any of them live, it may bring back bad memories for the band. In 2012, the band introduced "Wake Up (The Sleeping Giant)" into their set, following demands from fans for material to be included from all of the band's studio albums.

In a 1987 interview with Record Mirror, Snider stated, "We haven't done many love songs before. Most of our songs have been about rebellion, but on Love Is for Suckers the songs are mainly about love, lust and sex. It's a very horny album. I get pretty excited every time I hear it." At the time, Snider considered the album to be "more to our roots than previous records have been". He said, "I realised that the original concept for Twisted Sister was to be half heavy metal and half glam/glitter rock. As the years went on, we left the glitter/glam music behind and became more and more just heavy metal. So I went back listening to my early influences – Alice Cooper, T. Rex, Slade and others – to get the band back to its roots."

In a 2009 interview by Ruben Mosqueda, Snider spoke of his thoughts on the album: ""There's some great stuff on there man! The thing is, that was supposed to be my first solo album. The thing was the record company and management pressured me into making it a Twisted Sister record. There's some stuff that was in the Twisted Sister vein but it was supposed to be a solo record, that album was meant to give the band the break we needed. I felt that by releasing a solo album I could put that out there, get it out my system, and then after a short break we could regroup and work on a new album. The recording, the promotion and touring of Love Is for Suckers went on to kill the band. Management and the record company in their infinite wisdom know best. Oh let's put five guys who can't stand each other in a studio for three months!""

In 2012, Dee Snider commented to an audience at the annual concert festival in Dessel Belgium, known as the Graspop Metal Meeting, "Now we have been accused in the past of not playing stuff from all of our albums, so this year we added one song from the Love Is for Suckers record to the set [...] for those who know in the 80s, there was a little problem in Washington with censorship and this one was a big middle finger to Washington D.C. It's called "Wake Up (the Sleeping Giant)."" The band then performed that song.

Critical reception
Upon its release, Billboard wrote: "Longtime New York-based rockers stumbled with last release but have managed to catch their balance on this one, with a new producer and new attitude. Album is chock-full of sturdy, straightforward cuts." Sharon Liveten of the Los Angeles Times wrote: "On its fifth album, Twisted Sister doesn't tromp off into uncharted territory. It's anthemic, occasionally repetitive and self-derivative. That said, Love Is for Suckers is a darned good album. The guitar work is flashy but doesn't resort to clichéd posturing and Dee Snider's vocals are in fine, sneering form."

Robin Welles of The Press-Courier described Love Is for Suckers as "a screamer of an album". Pete Bishop of the Pittsburgh Press commented: "This is cliche-cluttered, "commercial" heavy metal designed for instant acceptance. Seven of the cuts are the same wham-bam-party-hearty stuff Twisted Sister and so many others have defrosted and reheated ad nauseam." He selected "Hot Love", "One Bad Habit" and "You Are All That I Need" as "the class of the disc because they dare to differ from the formula and because Twisted Sister performs them well."

Michael Dowding of The Boston Globe wrote: "Unfortunately, this album sounds like a band in decline. There's still enough thump and screech to keep the Saturday night party going, but don't look for any development or innovation. For fans, the best cuts include "Wake Up" and "One Bad Habit". For many other listeners, though, this is an album to avoid." Barbara Jaeger of The Record wrote: "The 10 songs on this collection sound like every other song the band has done. Underscoring the overwrought vocals of Dee Snider are screechy guitars and thunderous drums. The songs, with their sophomoric lyrics, cover the usual heavy-metal topics. So, if you're looking for something new, forget about this one." Keith Carman from Exclaim!, gave the album a highly negative review, stating, "This isn't even for suckers; it just sucks."

Track listing
Note: the reissue bonus tracks were later released as a separate EP in 2021 titled: Feel Appeal: Love Is for Suckers Extras.

Twisted Sister

 * Dee Snider – lead vocals
 * Eddie "Fingers" Ojeda – lead & rhythm guitar, backing vocals
 * Jay Jay French – rhythm & lead guitar, backing vocals
 * Mark "The Animal" Mendoza – bass, backing vocals
 * Joey "Seven" Franco – drums, percussion

Additional musicians

 * Reb Beach – additional guitars, additional shouts
 * Beau Hill – keyboards, backing vocals
 * The New West Horns – horns
 * Jimmy Chalfant, Steve Whiteman, Kip Winger – backing vocals
 * Bob Gamm, Gary Kris, B. Smith, Chris Cintron, Joe Gerber, Jodie Segall, Peter Love, Luke Perry – additional shouts

Production

 * Beau Hill – producer, engineer
 * Twisted Sister, Beau Hill, Reb Beach, Ronni Le Tekrø – arrangements
 * Stephen Benben – engineer
 * Ira McLaughlin – assistant engineer
 * Ted Jensen – mastering at Sterling Sound, New York
 * Bob Defrin – art direction
 * Frank Moscati – photography
 * Dee Snider – cover concept

title: Love Is for Suckers


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Talk:Rozen Maiden

Ages
Recently someone has been adding "ages" for the dolls; putting them in their teens, rather than at their actual creation dates. Until (assuming it ever happens) their "ages" are discovered via official means, please do not do this. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Yeagger (talk • contribs)

Re: Second manga's title
This is the English Wikipedia, so placing ローゼンメイデン as the title we use for the second manga without romanizing it is, simply, ridiculous. The fact of the matter is it has the exact same title as the original manga, and while Japanese has the luxury of having multiple scripts to differentiate titles, English does not have such versatility. WP:ATLANG is also a huge issue, since even if a majority of computers/browsers will be able to natively render Japanese script, not all of them will, so not providing any romanization at all would just leave you with a bunch of question marks.

To be more specific, I'll take this example from the plot section: "Rozen Maiden's plot is continued in the sequel serialization which uses the katakana title of the series, ローゼンメイデン." Do we really have to know that the sequel uses the katakana title here? Does it matter at all in terms of the series' plot? I don't think so. So you could just as well say "Rozen Maiden's plot is continued in the sequel serialization", thus negating the need to use ローゼンメイデン at all in this instance. Next we have this example from the manga section: "The second series was published under the title ローゼンメイデン, the katakana for Rozen Maiden, and is a sequel to the first serialization". Again, we don't necessarily need the katakana script, and you could just as easily write "The second series was published using the katakana for Rozen Maiden, and is a sequel to the first serialization". In this way, we don't have to bombard the reader with Japanese (most of whom will not even be able to read), not to mention that the series' katakana title is fully visible in the lead and at the top of the infobox already, so it's not like we'd be losing anything.--  十  八  08:01, 17 December 2013 (UTC)
 * Go ahead. DragonZero  ( Talk  ·  Contribs ) 08:02, 17 December 2013 (UTC)
 * I changed the in-line katakana to a footnote.--  十  八  09:26, 17 December 2013 (UTC)

Format issue
This is another issue once again, but since this issue has been brought up a second time in another article, i dont think one discussion for one article is going to settle, so we have to discuss this in WP:ANIME. Lucia Black (talk) 04:25, 8 March 2014 (UTC)

 * The new format improves accessibility as it emphasis what the main work is and its derivatives. There is no reason to revert to the trope anime manga style. As for WP:ANIME, a consensus there won't change anything since adding how articles should be formatted into the MoSAnime would be Creep. BRD is not a guideline, and I can push for 3RR to keep the current format. DragonZero  ( Talk  ·  Contribs ) 05:16, 8 March 2014 (UTC)
 * we're going to have to prove that aren't we? And accessibility is subjective. Lucia Black (talk) 05:59, 8 March 2014 (UTC)
 * The only way i can agree with this format is if the anime was split off into its own article, which most likely wont happen unless we find specific anime-related production and development. Lucia Black (talk) 06:32, 8 March 2014 (UTC)
 * That is not a decent reasoning on why the article should take the trope format. The new format emphasis what the main work is and its derivatives which is a positive addition. DragonZero  ( Talk  ·  Contribs ) 07:23, 8 March 2014 (UTC)
 * THe main article dominates anime just as much as manga, if we're talking about "original media' it doesn't apply here. Also, this is most deifnitely a subject we have to discuss with WP:ANIME, i'm sorry, but if you don't think its viable, then i will consider this WP:GAME< because WP:ANIME truly does need to know about this. its a fundemental change that affects all wikipedia articles under WP:ANIME. Lucia Black (talk) 07:25, 8 March 2014 (UTC)

I have gone ahead and changed the format, the article focuses on more than just the manga, if you would like to split off the manga portion then please start a discussion. - Knowledgekid87 (talk) 21:41, 18 August 2014 (UTC)
 * Or I could just rewrite the lead to match how Video Game articles are styled giving less focus on the anime and move the anime reception into two anime articles organized by franchise; justifying the video game like structure in the process. Aside from that, the anime MoS is not something to be argued on how an article should be structured. As long as it's neat and readable, it does not go against any rules. DragonZero  ( Talk  ·  Contribs ) 01:44, 19 August 2014 (UTC)
 * I thought of that option before i opposed this format, but theres not much to warrant it. Lucia Black (talk) 02:04, 19 August 2014 (UTC)
 * Are you suggesting creating Rozen Maiden (anime)?--  十  八  03:33, 19 August 2014 (UTC)
 * i think he's proposing 2 articles. because there are two animes. one with 3 seasons, and the second anime with 1 season. but at the moment, there's not much coverage on them to warrant individual articles. Lucia Black (talk) 03:46, 19 August 2014 (UTC)
 * Why split up a good article though? - Knowledgekid87 (talk) 03:56, 19 August 2014 (UTC)
 * For format seems to be the case. Lucia Black (talk) 03:59, 19 August 2014 (UTC)
 * It really isn't worth it and would oppose such a split. - Knowledgekid87 (talk) 04:00, 19 August 2014 (UTC)

I'm surprised this article even passed GA since it doesn't even have a development/production section. Perhaps expanding that and see if that is enough to warrant another article. Lucia Black (talk) 22:33, 19 August 2014 (UTC)
 * Akin to the Dolls manga GA, main aspects (which can vary by user) and public availability of sources can be argued here. Otherwise, feel free to delist. It seems my words were mistaken for making an anime article but I am too tired to clarify or deal with this. I am done with this. DragonZero  ( Talk  ·  Contribs ) 23:42, 19 August 2014 (UTC)

Data on characters already merged to subarticle - why are we still keeping it on the main article?
Per title. I don't understand at all.

 * The overall direction of the AFD gave room for a merger and redirect. I'm waiting to see what happens at the deletion review. DragonZero  ( Talk  ·  Contribs ) 05:59, 25 November 2016 (UTC)
 * Discussion has concluded; I'm taking down the character list on the main article, since the subarticle already has that info in trimmed format. --Sk8erPrince (talk) 17:51, 3 December 2016 (UTC)

Character section of the article is a mess
While I understand the reason of the merge, it's unacceptable the organization of the character section.

title: Talk:Rozen Maiden


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Amalia of Oldenburg

Amalia of Oldenburg (Αμαλία; 21 December 1818 – 20 May 1875) was a Oldenburg princess who became Queen of Greece from 1836 to 1862 as the wife of King Otto Friedrich Ludwig. She was loved widely by the Greeks due to her patriotic love for the country and her beauty. During her tenure as queen, she was dedicated to social improvement and the founding of many gardens in Athens, and she was the first to introduce the worldwide Christmas tree to Greece.

When she arrived in Greece in 1837, she at first won the hearts of the Greeks with her refreshing beauty. After she became more politically involved. she then became the target of harsh attacks—and her image suffered further as she proved unable to provide an heir to the throne, She and her husband were expelled from Greece in 1862, after an uprising. She spent the rest of her years in exile in Bavaria.

She acted as Regent of Greece in 1850–1851, and a second time in 1861-1862 during the absence of Otto.

To Amalia is attributed the creation of the “romantic folksy court dress,” which in return became Greece’s national costume.

Early years and family life
Duchess Amalia Maria Frederica was born on 21 December 1818 in Oldenburg to Duke Paul Frederick Augustus of Oldenburg and his wife Princess Adelheid of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym as their first child. She was less than two years old when her mother died, on 13 September 1820. Her father remarried in 1825 to Princess Ida of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym, though she soon died in 1828; his last marriage was with Princess Cecilia of Sweden in 1831.

Due to her father’s marriages, Amalia had 5 siblings, 4 being born as half-brothers: Duchess Frederica, Grand Duke Peter II, Duke Alexander, Duke August, and Duke Elimar.

Marriage
On 22 December 1836, Duchess Amalia of Oldenburg married King Otto Friedrich Ludwig in Oldenburg. Born as the second son of King Ludwig I of Bavaria, Prince Otto of Bavaria had been appointed king of the newly created Kingdom of Greece in 1833. Otto visited Germany to find a bride after he had been declared to be of legal majority. He then met Amalia in Marienbad in Bohemia.

Amalia was Lutheran and Otto was Catholic, and they were wed in both a Lutheran and Catholic wedding ceremony. It was an understanding, that while they were allowed to keep their religion, any child born to them would be raised in the Orthodox religion of Greece. On 14 February 1837 she arrived in Athens, in Greece.

Queen of Greece
In the early years of the new monarchy, Queen Amalia, with her beauty and vivaciousness, brought a spirit of smart fashion and progress to the impoverished country. She laboured actively towards social improvement and the creation of many gardens in Athens, and at first won the hearts of the Greeks with her refreshing beauty and the patriotic love she demonstrated for her new home country. Amalia was the first to introduce the Christmas tree to Greece.

During her first years in Greece, Athens was a relatively small town; the king and queen resided in a small house while the Old Royal Palace was being built. Having few exceptions, the Royal Household was made up of mostly Germans. The queen's chamberlain and principal lady-in-waiting were the German couple Clemens von Weichs-Glon and Dorothea von Weichs-Glon, her favourite companion being Julie von Nordenpflycht. The queen's sister, Princess Frederike, lived with her in Greece for several years until she left after the September revolution of 1843.

The diarist Christiane Lüth described the queen in 1839–40: "The Queen was small, beautiful and with a lovely figure. She was lively, almost too lively, spoke of various subjects and complimented Greece in favor of the Nordic countries, and was certain that we would very soon be accustomed to this beautiful nation with its lovely climate. [...] The Queen was very superstitious, she did not sit down thirteen people at dinner, and was convinced that a white or a black lady appeared before her when an event of importance occurred in Bavaria or Oldenburg. She also believed in reincarnation, and her firm character made it hard to dissuade her from something once she had made up her mind."

Christiane Lüth describes the court in Athens as a small community full of gossip: "The least pleasant thing was that there was always a German lackey on the servant seat who heard every word said; for the entire court staff was with few exceptions German. There was endless gossip, as the Queen felt an interest for the least important things, so that everything which could be forwarded to her by lackeys, lady's maids and chamber maids was "gefundenes fressen" and that the queen was a "master" of gossip.

Queen Amalia loved to dance and ride, arranged balls at court and could be seen riding in and around Athens, and in other leisure activities which was common for upper-class women in Western Europe but new in Greece, where women had normally lived in seclusion during the Ottoman Empire.

Succession crisis and political activity
As King Otto and his Bavarian advisers became more enmeshed in political struggles with Greek political forces, the queen became more politically involved, also. She became the target of harsh attacks when she became involved in politics. She remained a Protestant in an almost universally Orthodox country throughout her husband's reign.

Christiane Lüth describes the role of the queen during the 3 September 1843 Revolution: "Uhlan continually circled around the [p]alace on horseback, to ensure that no one escaped, and all of the military stood in a threatening position ready to fire on command. Thousands of people filled the great square and you could hear them call: "Live the Constitution!" [...] The Queen was with the King all the time and told him, that there was but two alternatives: entweder underschreiben oder entsagen (either sign or abdicate)."

Lüth described the queen as nervous and pessimistic during the days following the revolution. She did not wish to hear sermon and had her books packed ready to leave if necessary, and advised her sister Princess Friederike to leave Greece since she could no longer guarantee her safety. The king and queen wrote to King Louis of Bavaria to ask for his assistance, but the queen remarked that they could not expect a response for six weeks, and by that time „und Gott weiss wo wir dann sind“ ['God knows how things stand']. On the queen's name day no ball was given at the Palace: "... it was not seen wise, one would not risk having a Gustav III Masquerade. There are daily rumours that Athens will be set alight on all four corners, so to speak, and everyone massacered."

Initially, Queen Amalia's Lutheran religion was not given much attention, but the aversion to it grew when she did not give birth to a child which could be raised Orthodox. One of the biggest crises of Otto's reign, as well as Amalia's unpopularity, was the succession crisis. The cause of the childlessness of Otto and Amalia has been the cause of debate. During this time period, infertility was commonly considered the fault of the woman, and Amalia's frequent dancing and riding were blamed for it. She was exposed to various fertility treatments until her 35th birthday. Otto's brothers were given the right to the throne after him, but it was rumoured that queen Amalia wished to have her own half-brother Elimar of Oldenburg appointed heir instead.

The queen was eventually given more influence. Amalia was given the right to govern as regent in the case of the absence or incapability of the monarch or the heir to the throne. She acted as Regent of Greece in 1850-1851 when Otto was in Germany for health reasons, and a second time in 1861–1862, when Otto visited his family in Bavaria to discuss the succession crisis.

Her political influence was controversial. Her favorites were considered to have influence over her, notably her principal lady-in-waiting Baroness Wilhelmine von Plüskow was widely rumored to influence state affairs, particularly in matters relating to Austria, through both the queen and the king, which exposed her to controversy.

Fashion influence
When she arrived in Greece as a queen in 1837, she had an immediate impact on social life and fashion. She realised that her attire ought to emulate that of her new people, and so she created a romantic folksy court dress, which became a national Greek costume still known as the Amalía dress.

It follows the Biedermeier style with a loose-fitting, white cotton or silk shirt, often decorated with lace at the neck and cuffs, over which a richly embroidered jacket or vest is worn, usually of dark blue or claret velvet. The skirt was ankle-length, unpressed-pleated silk, the color usually azure. It was completed with a soft cap or fez with a single, long, golden silk tassel, traditionally worn by married women, or with the kalpaki (a toque) of the unmarried woman, and sometimes with a black veil for church. This dress became the usual attire of all Christian townswomen in both Ottoman Empire-occupied and liberated Balkan lands as far north as Belgrade.

Assassination attempt
In February 1861, a university student named Aristeidis Dosios (son of politician Konstantinos Dosios) unsuccessfully attempted to assassinate the queen. He was sentenced to death, though Queen Amalia intervened and he was pardoned, and sentenced to life imprisonment. He was hailed as a hero for his attempt by certain factions, but the attempt also provoked among the people spontaneous feelings of sympathy towards the royal couple.

Expulsion
Just over a year later, an uprising took place in Athens while the royal couple were on a visit to the Peloponnese. The Great Powers, who had supported Otto, urged them not to resist, and Otto's reign came to an end. They left Greece aboard a British warship, with the Greek royal regalia that they had brought with them. It was reported in the press that the royal courtiers weren’t aspersed, however, the queen's controversial favorite, Wilhelmine von Plüskow, was exposed to sarcasm from the crowd when she left.

It has been suggested that the king would not have been overthrown had Amalia borne an heir, as succession was also a major unresolved question at the time of uprising. It is also true, however, that the Constitution of 1843 made provision for Otto to be succeeded by his two younger brothers and their descendants.

Exile and death
Otto and Amalia spent the rest of their years in exile, at home in Bavaria. They decided to speak Greek each day between 6 and 8 o'clock to remember their time in Greece.

Otto died in 1867. Queen Amalia survived her husband by almost eight years and died in Bamberg on 20 May 1875. She was buried beside the king at the Theatinerkirche in Munich.

The cause of the royal couple's infertility remained contested even after an autopsy was performed on the queen.

Legacy
Queen Amalia founded the National Gardens of Athens in 1839, and an orphanage in Amaléion in 1855.

The town of Amaliada in Elis and the village of Amaliapolis in Magnesia were named after the queen.

Archives
Queen Amalia's letters to her sister-in-law, Princess Mathilde Caroline of Bavaria, Grand Duchess of Hesse, written between 1837 and 1861, are preserved in the Hessian State Archive (Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt) in Darmstadt, Germany.

Queen Amalia's letters to her brother Peter II, Grand Duke of Oldenburg, written between 1861 and 1862, are preserved in the Niedersächsisches Landesarchiv in Oldenburg, Germany.

Titles

 * 21 December 1818 – 20 May 1875: Her Highness Duchess Amalie of Oldenburg, Princess of Holstein-Gottorp
 * 22 December 1836 – 23 October 1862: Her Majesty The Queen of Greece
 * 23 October 1862 – 20 May 1875: Her Majesty Queen Amalia of Greece

title: Amalia of Oldenburg


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St Ives Chase, New South Wales

St Ives Chase is a bushland suburb on the Upper North Shore of Sydney in the state of New South Wales, Australia. St Ives Chase is 18 kilometres north-west of the Sydney Central Business District in the local government area of Ku-ring-gai Council. St Ives is a more developed adjacent suburb and St Ives Chase covers the area approximately north of Toolang Road and west of Collins Road. The neighbouring suburb of North Turramurra is separated by a section of the Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park. It is a separate suburb from St Ives, which lies to its south.

Transport
By road, St Ives Chase can only be accessed via St Ives. Warrimoo Avenue is the main road used to access streets in St Ives Chase. Many properties sit very close to the bush. As St Ives Chase has no through traffic, there are rarely traffic delays in the suburb. Residents driving from St Ives Chase will first encounter peak hour traffic trying to join or cross Killeaton Street or Mona Vale Road in St Ives. A common route to the city is via the North Shore's Eastern Arterial Road.

Buses to St Ives Chase include CDC NSW route 195 to/from Gordon railway station and route 194/594 from St Ives through St Ives Chase to the city. North Turramurra and Bobbin Head are accessible via bush tracks in the National Park.

Commercial zone
St Ives Chase is almost entirely zoned for either residential or recreational means. The suburb does have a small shopping complex of 5 shops which include a medical centre, seven-day corner shop, a liquor shop, a chemist, Pizza restaurant and a hair dresser. The adjacent Caltex petrol station is the only other commercial outlet in the area.

Population
At the 2011 census, St Ives Chase recorded a population of 3,087. Of these:
 * The median age was 42 years. Children aged 0–14 years made up 20.4% of the population and people aged 65 years and over made up 17.8% of the population.
 * 54.9% were born in Australia; the next most common countries of birth were South Africa 12.0%, England 8.3%, New Zealand 2.1%, China (excludes SARs and Taiwan) 1.5% and Hong Kong (SAR of China) 1.3%.
 * 79.4% only spoke English at home; other languages spoken at home included Cantonese 3.0%, Mandarin 1.7%, Afrikaans 1.3%, Italian 1.2% and Spanish 0.9%.
 * 90.4% of households were family households, 9.6% were single person households and none were group households.

Wildlife
Situated in the national park, St Ives Chase is the home to a wide variety of flora and fauna, particularly prevalent are brush turkeys. In recent years there has been a rabbit problem in the area, and there have been many attempts to eradicate rabbits in the St Ives Chase side of the National Park.

Sport and clubs
There are two sports grounds in the area, Warrimoo Oval, which is home to the St Ives Football Club, and Toolang Oval, which hosts junior Football and Cricket.

Also located near St Ives Chase near Warrimoo Oval is the North St Ives Scout Club which is a club for children and teenagers run by family volunteers.

title: St Ives Chase, New South Wales


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Dunston, Tyne and Wear

Dunston is a western area of the town of Gateshead on the south bank of the River Tyne, in the Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead, North East England (into which it was absorbed in 1974). Dunston had a population of 18,326 at the 2011 Census.

History
It has been speculated that Dunston started its existence as a farm or estate of a man named Dunn. Historically part of County Durham, Dunston was first mentioned in 1328. Salmon fishing and farming were important industries in Dunston from at least the 14th century. Coal mining on a small-scale was also important but by the 17th century, the proximity of the river aided the development of large-scale coal mining in the village. During the Great Tyne Flood of 1771 villagers had to be rescued by boat from the roofs and upper stories of their houses.

Area
Dunston is served by Dunston railway station on the Tyne Valley Line.

Dunston is split into two areas separated by the A1 dual carriageway. Much of the area south of the A1 is known as Dunston Hill. For electoral purposes, the northern section is grouped along with the Teams area to form Dunston and Teams ward, while the southern section is combined with parts of Whickham, forming Dunston Hill and Whickham East.

To the west of Dunston is the site of Dunston Power Station, now demolished. The site is now home to Costco, with the MetroCentre (at this time the largest shopping and leisure complex in Europe), occupying the former site of the station's ash ponds. The Gateshead-based Go-Ahead Group has constructed a new bus depot to replace its Sunderland Road and Winlaton depots on the eastern part of the power station site. Another Dunston landmark was the Derwent Tower (commonly known as the "Dunston Rocket"), a tower block that was once the highest building in Gateshead. It was designed by the Owen Luder Partnership and completed in 1973. A well-known structure that had appeared in two films, it was demolished in 2012. It had always proved unpopular with residents, and fallen into a poor condition: Gateshead Council decided that the renovation costs would be prohibitive. As of 2016, the remainder of the late 1960s Tower Court development was being gradually replaced by new housing and shops. Luder also designed the similarly maligned Trinity Centre Multi-Storey Car Park (known for its appearance in the 1971 gangster thriller Get Carter, and now demolished) in Gateshead town centre.

On 6 June 1993 the IRA attacked a gas holder in the nearby area of Low Team. The damage was limited, and no one was injured.

Sports
Dunston has one sports team which is association football club called Dunston UTS who currently play in the Northern Premier League Division One North West.

Notable people
Footballers Paul Gascoigne and Ray Hudson, and the lead singer of AC/DC Brian Johnson, all spent their formative years in Dunston. Champion rower and boat-builder Harry Clasper was born in Dunston, and Victoria Hopper, the celebrated Canadian-born British stage and film actress and singer, was raised in Dunston.

title: Dunston, Tyne and Wear


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Talk:Greyhawk Ruins

Info Box
Please note that a discussion is currently occring on Talk:List of Dungeons & Dragons modules on and Info Box for D&D modules. when format is decided much of the basic info in this article can be incorporated into the info box. - Waza 04:33, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

References (template)
The eference’s on most of the game modules is just redundant and useless information. The info is often listed some where more appropriately in the article. The References just reference’s itself. How about we fix this or just droop it if there is nothing useful. Dm2ortiz 17:50, 31 May 2007 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure how familiar you are with academia, but when writing papers, it is standard practice to include all works in the bibliography, even if you're writing about a book. This is because when writing about something, one will refer to it--in this case, the number of characters the module is intended for, level of said characters, credits, etc. In fact, if you check around Wikipedia, you'll find several examples, such as Siddhartha & Ulysses.--Robbstrd 22:17, 31 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Look up Wikipedia Harvard referencing guidelines. For an example look at Fidel Castro. If you would like i can send you my collage guidelines on how to write a paper; they go in to detail on how to reference sources and footnotes.Dm2ortiz 14:44, 1 June 2007 (UTC)
 * See []. "Converting citation styles should not be done without first gaining consensus for the change on the article's talk page."--Robbstrd 03:58, 2 June 2007 (UTC)

Credits
Moving the credits here. These should be incorporated into the info box when cited in the article. Airborne84 (talk) 23:48, 6 August 2022 (UTC)

Credits
 * Design: Blake Mobley and Timothy B. Brown
 * Editing: Timothy B. Brown
 * Monster Design: Grant Boucher, William W. Connors, Steve Gilbert, Bruce Nesmith, Chris Mortika, and Skip Williams
 * Monster Editing: Mike Breault
 * Cover Art: Fred Fields
 * Interior Art: Thomas Baxa, Mark Nelson and Dave Simons
 * Typography: Tracey Zamagne
 * Keylining: Paul Hanchette, Sara Feggesead

Distributed to the book trade in the United States by Random House, Inc., and in Canada by Random House of Canada, Ltd. Distributed to the toy and hobby trade by regional distributors. Distributed in the United Kingdom by TSR UK Ltd.

title: Talk:Greyhawk Ruins


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Bischler–Napieralski reaction

The Bischler–Napieralski reaction is an intramolecular electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction that allows for the cyclization of β-arylethylamides or β-arylethylcarbamates. It was first discovered in 1893 by August Bischler and Bernard Napieralski, in affiliation with Basel Chemical Works and the University of Zurich. The reaction is most notably used in the synthesis of dihydroisoquinolines, which can be subsequently oxidized to isoquinolines.

Mechanisms
Two types of mechanisms have appeared in the literature for the Bischler–Napieralski reaction. Mechanism I involves a dichlorophosphoryl imine-ester intermediate, while Mechanism II involves a nitrilium ion intermediate (both shown in brackets). This mechanistic variance stems from the ambiguity over the timing for the elimination of the carbonyl oxygen in the starting amide. In Mechanism I, the elimination occurs with imine formation after cyclization; while in Mechanism II, the elimination yields the nitrilium intermediate prior to cyclization. Currently, it is believed that reaction conditions affect the prevalence of one mechanism over the other (see reaction conditions). In certain literature, Mechanism II is augmented with the formation of an imidoyl chloride intermediate produced by the substitution of chloride for the Lewis acid group just prior to the nitrilium ion. Because the dihydroisoquinoline nitrogen is basic, neutralization is necessary to obtain the deprotonated product.

General reaction reagents and conditions
The Bischler–Napieralski reaction is carried out in refluxing acidic conditions and requires a dehydrating agent. Phosphoryl chloride (POCl3) is widely used and cited for this purpose. Additionally, SnCl4 and BF3 etherate have been used with phenethylamides, while Tf2O and polyphosphoric acid (PPA) have been used with phenethylcarbamates. For reactants lacking electron-donating groups on the benzene ring, phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) in refluxing POCl3 is most effective. Depending on the dehydrating reagent used, the reaction temperature varies from room temperature to 100 °C.

Related reactions
Several reactions that are related to the Bischler–Napieralski reaction are known. In the Morgan–Walls reaction, the linker between the aromatic ring and the amide nitrogen is an ortho-substituted aromatic ring. This N-acyl 2-aminobiphenyl cyclizes to form a phenanthridine. The Pictet–Spengler reaction proceeds from a β-arylamine via condensation with an aldehyde. These two components form an imine, which then cyclizes to form a tetrahydroisoquinoline.

Pictet–Gams reaction
The Pictet–Gams reaction proceeds from an β-hydroxy-β-phenethylamide. It involves an additional dehydration under the same conditions as the cyclization, giving an isoquinoline. As with the Bischler–Napieralski reaction, the Pictet–Gams reaction requires a strongly dehydrating Lewis acid, such as phosphoryl chloride or phosphorus pentoxide.

Structural effects and alternate products
There are documented variations on the Bischler–Napieralski reaction whose products differ in virtue of either the structure of the initial reactant, the tailoring of reaction conditions, or both. For example, research done by Doi and colleagues suggests that the presence or absence of electron-donating groups on the aryl portion of β-arylethylamides and the ratio of dehydrating reagents influence the patterns of ring closure via electrophilic aromatic substitution, leading to two possible products (see below). Other research on the variations on the Bischler-Napieralski Reaction have investigated the effects of nitro and acetal aryl groups on product formation (see references).

 * [[File:BNR variation.svg|600px|center|thumb|An example of mechanistic and product variation in the Bischler-Napieralski reaction. Treatment of N-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-ethyl]-4–methoxybenzamide with POCl3 results in the formation of the normal product, 7-methoxy-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline. Treatment exclusively with P2O5 results in a mixture of the normal product and an unexpected product, 6-methoxy-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline. The formation of the abnormal product is attributed to the cyclization via the [[Arene substitution patterns|ipso]] carbon on the phenyl ring to yield a spiro intermediate.]]

title: Bischler–Napieralski reaction


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User:Xm2631

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title: User:Xm2631


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NAND gate

In digital electronics, a NAND gate (NOT-AND) is a logic gate which produces an output which is false only if all its inputs are true; thus its output is complement to that of an AND gate. A LOW (0) output results only if all the inputs to the gate are HIGH (1); if any input is LOW (0), a HIGH (1) output results. A NAND gate is made using transistors and junction diodes. By De Morgan's laws, a two-input NAND gate's logic may be expressed as $$\overline{A} \lor \overline{B} = \overline{A \cdot B}$$, making a NAND gate equivalent to inverters followed by an OR gate.

The NAND gate is significant because any Boolean function can be implemented by using a combination of NAND gates. This property is called "functional completeness". It shares this property with the NOR gate. Digital systems employing certain logic circuits take advantage of NAND's functional completeness.

NAND gates with two or more inputs are available as integrated circuits in transistor-transistor logic, CMOS, and other logic families.

Symbols
There are three symbols for NAND gates: the MIL/ANSI symbol, the IEC symbol and the deprecated DIN symbol sometimes found on old schematics. The ANSI symbol for the NAND gate is a standard AND gate with an inversion bubble connected.

Logic
The function NAND(a1, a2, ..., an) is logically equivalent to NOT(a1 AND a2 AND ... AND an).

One way of expressing A NAND B is $$\overline{A \land B}$$, where the symbol $${\land}$$ signifies AND and the bar signifies the negation of the expression under it: in essence, simply $${\displaystyle \lnot (A \land B)}$$.

Hardware design and pinout

NAND gates are basic logic gates, and as such they are recognised in TTL and CMOS ICs.

The standard, 4000 series, CMOS IC is the 4011, which includes four independent, two-input, NAND gates. These devices are available from many semiconductor manufacturers. These are usually available in both through-hole DIL and SOIC formats. Datasheets are readily available in most datasheet databases.

The standard two-, three-, four- and eight-input NAND gates are available:

 * CMOS
 * 4011: Quad two-input NAND gate
 * 4023: Triple three-input NAND gate
 * 4012: Dual four-input NAND gate
 * 4068: Mono eight-input NAND gate
 * TTL
 * 7400: Quad two-input NAND gate
 * 7410: Triple three-input NAND gate
 * 7420: Dual four-input NAND gate
 * 7430: Mono eight-input NAND gate

Functional completeness

The NAND gate has the property of functional completeness, which it shares with the NOR gate. That is, any other logic function (AND, OR, etc.) can be implemented using only NAND gates. An entire processor can be created using NAND gates alone. In TTL ICs using multiple-emitter transistors, it also requires fewer transistors than a NOR gate.

As NOR gates are also functionally complete, if no specific NAND gates are available, one can be made from NOR gates using NOR logic.

title: NAND gate


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User talk:Normad

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title: User talk:Normad


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Sangre Chicana

Sangre Chicana (Spanish for "Chicano Blood") is the ring name of retired Mexican professional wrestler Andrés Durán Reyes (born November 30, 1951). He rose to prominence in a feud with El Cobarde and Fishman that led to a Lucha de Apuesta, mask vs. mask match where Reyes lost his mask.

Reyes is one of the very few wrestlers to work for both Empresa Mexicana de Lucha Libre (EMLL) (now known as Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL)) and Francisco Flores' promotion Toreo Cuatro Caminos Independents. Over the years the Chicana "family" grew, as "Lemus I" debuted in the 1980s using Reyes original mask, followed by "Lemus II" in the 1990s. In 2000, Reyes' sons "Lemus Jr." and "Sangre Chicana Jr." made their professional wrestling debuts followed by Sangre Imperial, Hijo de Sangre Chicana, and daughters Lady Chicana, Lluvia and La Hiedra.

Professional wrestling career
Andrés Reyes made his professional wrestling debut in August 1971, using the ring name "Vampiro Negro", wrestling in Nuevo Laredo against Jhonny Rey. He would later wrestle in 1973 as the enmascarado (masked) character Lemus. Less than a year after his debut, he was forced to remove his mask as he lost a Lucha de Apuesta (bet match) to El Canek and had to remove the mask per Lucha Libre traditions. Not long after his mask loss, Reyes began working as the enmascarado character Sangre Chicana, Chicana wore the same mask as he did while wrestling as Lemus; this was possible because he began wrestling outside his home state and at the time information did not travel as fast.

After wrestling under a mask for some years, he finally gained some notoriety as he began a feud with Fishman and El Cobarde. This feud led to another Lucha de Apuesta, this time between all three men, a match that Fishman won, unmasking Sangre Chicana. The loss of the mask was the first step towards Sangre Chicana becoming a headline wrestler as he defeated José Luis Mendieta on November 19, 1977, to win the Mexican National Middleweight Championship, only two months after he was unmasked. He vacated the championship in 1979, but the reason for the vacation is unclear. He held the NWA World Middleweight Championship twice in 1980-1981 defeating Cachorro Mendoza and Tony Salazar to win the title and lost it to Ringo Mendoza on April 3, 1981. In 1982 he briefly held the NWA International Junior Heavyweight Championship for 19 days. In 1982, Chicana jumped to the Universal Wrestling Association (UWA) where he resumed his feud with Fishman, trading the UWA World Light Heavyweight Championship four times in total over a period of 16 months. When he returned to Empresa Mexicana de Lucha Libre he teamed up with Cien Caras, defeating Ringo and Cachorro Mendoza to win the Mexican National Tag Team Championship, a title they would hold until Rayo de Jalisco and Tony Benetto won it from them. Between 1989 and 1990 Sangre Chicana held the UWA promoted WWF Light Heavyweight Championship on two occasions.

When the UWA folded, Chicana worked full-time for Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL; Formerly EMLL) where he teamed with Bestia Salvaje and Emilio Charles, Jr. for a CMLL World Trios Championship reign. In the late 1990s, Sangre Chicana left CMLL and began working for AAA where he defeated Máscara Sagrada II to win the Mexican National Light Heavyweight Championship. His run with the title lasted 715 days, from May 16, 1998, until April 30, 2000 when he lost the belt to Latin Lover. On August 20, 2004, Chicana won the AAA Americas Heavyweight Championship, a title held until he left AAA. While he is still listed as the current championship the title has technically been inactive since Chicana left the promotion. In recent years, Sangre Chicana has worked only select dates on the Mexican independent circuit, often together with his son Sangre Chicana, Jr.

Championships and accomplishments

 * AAA
 * AAA Americas Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * Mexican National Light Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * Empresa Mexicana de Lucha Libre / Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre
 * CMLL World Trios Championship (1 time) - with Bestia Salvaje and Emilio Charles, Jr.
 * Mexican National Middleweight Championship (1 time)
 * Mexican National Tag Team Championship (1 time) - with Cien Caras
 * NWA International Junior Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * NWA World Middleweight Championship (2 times)
 * Salvador Lutteroth Trios Tournament – with Bestia Salvaje and Emilio Charles, Jr.
 * Universal Wrestling Association
 * UWA World Light Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
 * WWF Light Heavyweight Championship (2 times)

title: Sangre Chicana


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User:Normad

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title: User:Normad


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Pooja Ahluwalia

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. Fernando Rizo T/C 23:02, 8 September 2005 (UTC)

Pooja Ahluwalia
I'm unable to verify the claim to notability. --fvw *  04:37, September 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment In case it will help somone verify the claim, there is a posting by a Pooja Ahluwalia on this website posted January 10, 2003 in which the poster remarks that she is a karate champion in the US but can't participate in karate championships in India due to her lack of Indian citizenship (as a US citizen).
 * Flimsy evidence, but I prefer to have this investigated by someone knowledgeable about Karate. They may have access to useful sources. - Mgm|(talk) 08:13, September 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unless verifiable evidence of notability is forthcoming. android  79  12:14, September 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Abstain, with a request to the editors to comment who may be aware of her notability. --Bhadani 15:36, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Abstain for now, as per Bhadani. Hall Monitor 20:33, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unless sourced. If we keep this by accident and it turns out to be rubbish, we'd be doing ourselves a disservice. -Splash 01:30, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Liu An

Liú Ān (, c. 179–122 BC) was a Chinese cartographer, monarch, and philosopher. A Han dynasty Chinese prince, ruling the Huainan Kingdom, and an advisor to his nephew, Emperor Wu of Han (武帝). He is best known for editing the (139 BC) Huainanzi compendium of Daoist, Confucianist, and Legalist teachings and is credited for inventing tofu. Early texts represent Liu An in three ways: the "author-editor of a respected philosophical symposium", the "bumbling rebel who took his life to avoid arrest", and the successful Daoist adept who transformed into a xian and "rose into the air to escape prosecution for trumped-up charges of treason and flew to eternal life."

Life
He was the grandson of Liu Bang, the founding emperor of the Han dynasty. After his father died, he became the Prince of Huainan, the lands south of the Huai River, at the age of 16.

Liu An had two sons. The younger was Liu Qian (刘迁), who was born by his princess consort and thus became heir to Huainan, while the elder, Liu Buhai (刘不害), was born to a concubine. Liu An favoured Liu Qian over Liu Buhai and never viewed the latter as his son. Liu Qian never regarded Liu Buhai as his elder brother. According to Tui'en Ling (推恩令, Order to Expand Favours), Liu Buhai could become a marquess if Liu An carved a part of Huainan for him as his fief, but Liu An never did. Liu Jian (刘建), son of Liu Buhai, having realized that both he and his father had little chance to be a marquess, became so resentful that he accused Liu An and Liu Qian of a coup attempt. Finally, in a fate similar to his father, Liu An committed suicide in 122 BC after his plot was revealed.

Literature
Noted for his literary ability, Liu An was reputed to be able to compose an elaborate work of prose between waking and finishing breakfast. In addition to composing literary pieces himself, Liu An also frequently invited other scholars as guests to his estate. Eight of these scholars in particular became known as the Eight Immortals of Huainan (淮南八仙).

Huainanzi
Together with the Eight Immortals of Huainan and/or other members of his literary circle, Liu An published a treatise in 139 BC. known as the Huainanzi, translated as "Book of the Master of Huainan", or the "Huainan Philosophers". This book is considered one of the cornerstones of Taoist philosophy, along with the works of Laozi and Zhuangzi. Along with the earlier ShuJing (Classic of History) of the 5th century BC (Warring States era), this book provided further concrete information on geography, including descriptions of the topography of China. His book was also concerned with mathematics and music, making use of the "Pythagorean comma" and listing the first known Chinese 12 tone musical tuning.

Chu ci
One of the two major ancient Chinese poetry collections was the Chu ci, also known as The Songs of the South or The Songs of Chu (the other being the Shijing). The seminal poem of the collection is the "Li Sao", generally agreed to be by Qu Yuan. Liu An wrote an introduction to the "Li Sao" as well as the first known commentary. There is also reasonable evidence that Liu An was the first editor and anthologist of the original Chu ci collection. The poem Zhao yin shi (Summons for a Recluse) is attributed to Liu An. Also, "Yuan You" ("Far-off Journey") shows many similarities to the work of the literary circle around Liu An.

Legend of inventing soy milk
According to the legend, Liu A developed soy milk for his old, ill mother. She wanted to taste soybeans but couldn't chew, so Liu An ground the soybeans into milk, apparently upon her suggestion. No historical evidence supports the legend. In the Ming dynasty reference work Bencao Gangmu, author Li Shizhen describes the development of bean curd (tofu) but does not mention a particular inventor. The attribution of the invention of tofu to Liu An was also made by another Ming dynasty writer, Li Yi (李翊). During the Song dynasty in the 10th century, Zhu Xi had already written of the method of Huainan in "Song of Bean Curd" ("豆腐詩"). It is also mentioned in a book which called bean curd "Lai Ki" in the Han dynasty, and the word appeared in an early Song dynasty writing. Other Chinese sources discredit the Liu An invention theory, however, and state that Liu An lived with a lot of vegetarian monks and the method was taught by them. The Chinese Daoists that he recruited used "alchemical" methods to make both soy milk and bean curd, perhaps as a medicine for eternal life. As the only powerful noble at that time, Liu An could order the (relative) mass-production of such items and spread them around, thus making him famous for soy milk and bean curd. Still, many place Liu An as the inventor of both bean curd and soy milk.

A different tradition could be found in 《金華地方風俗志》 and 《中國風俗故事集》, which mention that soy milk and bean curd were made before the Han dynasty. These traditions date soy milk to the warring states period by the Yan general Yue Yi, These two books are rather recent and the quote in it was only a legend told to bean curd makers orally, without written record.

title: Liu An


text:
Talk:Nation-building

Merge with Democracy building
There is a suggestion on the table that Democracy building be merged with Nation-building. I'm against that, primarily because democracy building is a popular news topic with its own stream of validity, and the nation-building article is crummy at best. Let's write something of value for democracy building, and consider merging nation-building that way. - Freechild 11:31, 12 March 2007 (UTC)

well, i don't really get you. Maple21:21 2 April 2007

Bad idea, keep them separate as they ARE separate ideas (Hitler's regime in Germany was doubtlessly undemocratic, but definitely represented nation-building). Same with practically every European country in the 1800s.24.86.144.101 (talk) 09:29, 22 November 2007 (UTC)

 * 'Nation-building' is not the same thing as 'democracy-building', nor is it the same thing as 'state-building', which is what people often mean when they use the term (particularly in discussions of American foreign policy). The first refers to a social category; the second to a form of governance; the third to a set of institutions and their capacity to be effective. This article hints at nation-building's potential to support state-building, but doesn't really explain anything clearly.  The whole thing should be rewritten from scratch. –  SJL 16:33, 22 November 2007 (UTC)

POV issues
This article seems to have been written from a very specific and narrow point of view, namely, 'the use of armed force in the aftermath of a conflict to underpin an enduring transition to democracy'.

This seems to assume nation building is something imposed by the American military. And yet, the classic locus of nation building is Africa, where newly independent nations with a colonial past sought to create nations where none existed before. The problem, of course, being that the colonial powers had ignored ethnic lines when they carved out political units, so somehow disparate 'tribes' had to be knitted into something called a nation. I can't see that it necessarily involves 'the use of armed force in the aftermath of a conflict to underpin an enduring transition to democracy'.

Does this article need to be rewritten to reflect this?

Bathrobe 04:38, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Interesting comment. Obviously, User:Grutness added the line you quoted in reference to the invasion of Iraq. Other than the intro paragraph which is very general, and references to specific historical examples, most of the article is paraphrasing James Dobbins. This isn't very encyclopedic. Whatever you want to write based on your knowledge of the recent nation-building efforts in Africa could make for a good addition to the article. -- Mathieugp 13:42, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

I'm not going to do a major rewrite, but that first paragraph needs a note inserted. As it stands, it is quite incorrect. Bathrobe 09:14, 9 September 2005 (UTC)

I did more than I said I would. However, the paragraph about ethnic tensions and disintegration is perhaps superfluous (or needs to be pared down).

Bathrobe 13:17, 10 September 2005 (UTC)

I agree this article is awful - it shows little understanding of the area, context or issues. I think it should be deleted. As state-building is increasingly recognized as the term of art, other than in the US context, this article should be submerged into the state-building article (what few elements of it that are correct).

who is bathrobe????????????? maple 21:23 2 April 2007

POV all over the place
I'm tempted to delete 90% of the content of this article as a combination of original research and POV. Horrendous. Any improvements - e.g. citations - would be eagerly welcomed. Vizjim 15:07, 16 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I agree that citations are much needed. Some statements are generalizations of phenomenons that are not universal and the tone of the article is not neutral at all. Also, the first sentence, which I wrote, was modified and its meaning is now changed. User:Fsotrain09 added "especially a foreign one." at the end of the sentence, possibly after reading the contents of the current article which want to deal with the specific cases of colonial nation-building. Maybe we could create a section on Nation-building in Post-Colonial Africa? -- Mathieugp 15:50, 16 May 2006 (UTC)

 * The last few paragraphs are crap. "Will increase the violence there". Somehow, I don't think future predictions crouched in political ideology have even the potential to be NPOV. I would hesitate to describe a political platform that's widely disagreed with all over the world as 'an inescapeable necessity'. I watched the 2000 american campaigns pretty closely, and I don't recall Clinton ever promising to increase violence. Infact, he had reached his term limit by that point, and didn't run! I've seen the term 'nation building' used to discuss what the author is talking about, and it certainly deserves mention, but I think those paragraphs are beyond saving. I'm deleting them. - Kyle543 18:59, 9 October 2006 (UTC)

wat is UTC, by all gods?????????????? maple 21:24 2 April 2007

Political Platforms?
What is the role of "nation building" as a party platform for the United States electoral races. I mean, election day was just today and nation building has been a major electoral plank/platform for individuals runner-ups for quite a while. How is the United States involved in this political-science process?Signor Pastrini 00:36, 8 November 2006 (UTC)

Biasness
why only those countries????????????????????? why not include other countries??????????????

Maple 21:17,2 April 2007 (???)

psssssssssssst to everyone--

Maple & maple are the same user. Maple/maple 21:26 2 April 2007

My edits
I removed most of the information inserted by Stevertigo in March. The reason is that the information he added was totally at odds with the content of the article.

The main problem is the difference between nation building as it has been used for several decades, and the euphemism adopted by recent American governments for intervention in other countries and efforts to set up new governments.

If people wish to completely rewrite the nation-building article so that it bears only the more recent political meaning, please go ahead, with proper arguments. But the worst thing that can be done is to tack on information that is completely different in meaning and usage from the article itself. This is purely sloppy editing. (The other problem is the completely POV attitude adopted in the tacked on sections).

In the process of removing Stevertigo's material, I've transferred some of it to the article on State building, which is an alternative term for things like George Bush's intervention in Iraq. There is a proposal that the two articles should be merged, with a discussion page. Please refer to that page and add your comments if you feel that the two articles should be merged.

Note: I am somewhat disgruntled with Stevertigo's changes, not because I can't bear other people disagreeing with me on the meaning of nation-building, but because his edits were so destructive of the logic, flow, and thrust of the article. If someone can do a decent rewrite of the article, which many observers seem to feel that it needs, please go ahead. But please make a decent job of it, don't just tack on stuff that goes at a tangent to the rest of the article!

Bathrobe 06:25, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

The two article should definitely be merged. I'll add this one to my to-do list.--Gloriamarie 07:53, 17 September 2007 (UTC)

The term
Is this an actual term? Can reference be provided showing that this is in fact used as a term in a reputable 149.171.6.249 (talk) 05:32, 14 April 2008 (UTC) j pai tei

dsrde thumb

Merge With NATO
There is a suggestion on the table that the Nation-building article be merged with NATO.

Bad idea, keep them separate as they are separate ideas. Same with practically every European country that eats the krupuk. I'm against that, primarily because democracy building is a popular topic with its own questions of validity, and the krupukocracy is crummy at best. Let's write something of value for democracy building, and consider merging nation-building that way.

Is Nation-building the same as robot building? Perhaps those articles could be merged under the robot building.

well, i don't. 'Nation-building' is not the same thing as 'democracy-building', nor is it the same thing as 'state-building', which is what people often mean when they use the term (particularly in discussions of all-American foreign policy). The first refers to a Jerry Falwell social category; the second to a form of misgovernance; the third to a set of institutions and their capacity to mass produce unthinking robots. This article hints at nation-building's potential to support state-building, but doesn't really explain robots clearly. The whole thing should be left to the People to decide between themselves. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 217.67.17.194 (talk) 04:22, 31 May 2011 (UTC)

How to build a nation
How to build a nation 2409:4043:13:661F:68EB:8D61:7836:FC84 (talk) 06:24, 10 April 2022 (UTC)

Contribution of men and women towards nation building
Answers 41.113.226.170 (talk) 17:15, 12 June 2022 (UTC)

Social studie
Woman 2605:A200:9503:6FD7:F9E0:734B:C482:36C4 (talk) 00:50, 17 November 2022 (UTC)

Who is the national builder of politics
English 162.212.211.24 (talk) 19:20, 15 February 2023 (UTC)

Adding More Content to the Article on The Process of Nation Development
I would like to ask if I could add more content in relation to The Process of Nation Development.I plan to get the article from my site at www.nationallydeveloping.com.ng/The Process of Nation Development. Olawuyi Israel (talk) 06:15, 21 August 2023 (UTC)

 * Your site does not meet our sourcing requirements (see WP:RS). You should not link it or use it as a source. MrOllie (talk) 11:45, 21 August 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Nation-building


text:
Max Matsuura

Masato Matsuura (松浦 勝人), better known by his stage name Max Matsuura (松浦 マックス), is a Japanese record producer and entrepreneur. He is the founder and chairman of Avex Group, one of the largest music labels. He is known mainly for discovering and developing new artists into stars (most notably Ayumi Hamasaki), as well as for reviving Ami Suzuki's career after she was released by her previous record label.

Radio program
His weekly radio program, Max Matsuura Work, Work, Play for Fun! (max matsuura 仕事が遊びで遊びが仕事), started on September 5, 2009, and it is broadcast every Sunday, 1:00–1:30 am, on Nippon Broadcasting System.

Controversies
In 2004, Matsuura was the subject of some controversy when he considered leaving Avex Music Group due to a feud with Tom Yoda. Many artists, including Ayumi Hamasaki, said that they would also move in the event that he did so. Thus, stocks for Avex Trax plunged and Yoda ended up resigning, ending the feud.

In March 2009, Matsuura helped Tetsuya Komuro in the latter's fraud case. Matsuura paid the plaintiff ¥648,000,000 (¥500,000,000 for the exact amount, ¥100,000,000 for compensations and ¥48,000,000 for delay damages).

On July 17, 2011, Matsuura closed his Twitter account due to an intense feud with fans of K-pop group JYJ.

Personal life
Matsuura lives in Denenchofu, Tokyo.

title: Max Matsuura


text:
User talk:Alsharine

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title: User talk:Alsharine


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Talk:Music in the Republic of Karelia

Just to comment, I saw a one hour performance by the Karelian Folk Music Ensemble, in a university auditorium, a couple of years ago, and they are a very talented group of musicians. Very good! Wikipedia.doug 07:50, 30 August 2007 (UTC)

External links modified (February 2018)
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title: Talk:Music in the Republic of Karelia


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User talk:ARJ

Welcome, from Journalist
Welcome!

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title: User talk:ARJ


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User talk:Random task

Welcome, from Journalist
Welcome!

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Manual of Style
You were given a welcome message here on your talk page by Journalist. --Daniel Lawrence 09:07, 6 September 2005 (UTC)

Image:-m-.jpg
Do you have a source for this image? If not, it will have to be deleted soon. Zach (Sound Off) 20:55, 28 September 2005 (UTC)

REMO
Strange a company with lengthy history and reputation like Remo wouldn't have a decent industry page to represent them. I, personally, have used Evans drumheads for years. They don't have a wiki-page at all. Aquarian doesn't either and they are a respected company as well with many users. All three companies have very detailed info about their history, technology and artists on their official webpages. The tech side of drumming is something I haven't browsed through too much. Your Remo page should open up a new series of Wiki pages dedicated to the hardware side of drumming. Mr Pyles 23:19, 25 February 2006 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:Moolib01sm.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Moolib01sm.jpg. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is therefore unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the media also doesn't have a copyright tag then you must also add one. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then you can use GFDL-self to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media qualifies as fair use, please read fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other media, please check that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. -- Krash (Talk) 13:26, 7 March 2006 (UTC)

Optomagnetic Levitation
Regarding the Plasmagnetic Levitation article, I can't seem to find any real references on this (technical papers, etc) outside of the HoverTech company's website. Do you have any such info? If not, I'm going to nominate the article for deletion or merging with HoverTech. Thanks! Wikipedia brown 00:03, 15 June 2006 (UTC)

George W. Bush
Thank you for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and it has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you may want to do. Take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia.--JForget 02:09, 3 December 2006 (UTC)

No problem with that, I don't like him at all and I agree with the edit you've made even if I had to revert it anyways. --JForget 02:50, 6 December 2006 (UTC)

Your talk and user pages
I'm not sure why you moved your user page and talk page, but I've moved them back. It makes it harder to track you down when you do things like this, which I hope won't happen again.--Kchase T 03:27, 3 December 2006 (UTC)

:-)
StoptheDatabaseState 01:57, 16 December 2006 (UTC)

Userboxes
Hello! I'm Microchip08. I've noticed that your userboxes are filling up the page, and if you want, I will change it to a collapsing box so that it doesn't pull the page. Just type instead of your userboxes.

You can edit your userboxes at one of my subpages.

Jack Kerouac
Responded to your message on Talk:Jack Kerouac. Hello. In case you didn't know, when you add content to talk pages and Wikipedia pages that have open discussion, you should sign your posts by typing four tildes ( ~~~~ ) at the end of your comment. You may also click on the signature button located above the edit window. This will automatically insert a signature with your name and the time you posted the comment. This information is useful because other editors will be able to tell who said what, and when. Thank you! —Viriditas | Talk 02:00, 29 May 2007 (UTC)

Non-free use disputed for Image:Mmlogo-small.jpg
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Copyright problems with File:Surbahar.jpg
Hello. Concerning your contribution, File:Surbahar.jpg, please note that Wikipedia cannot accept copyrighted text or images obtained from other web sites or printed material, without the permission of the author(s). As a copyright violation, File:Surbahar.jpg appears to qualify for deletion under the speedy deletion criteria. File:Surbahar.jpg has been tagged for deletion, and may have been deleted by the time you see this message. If you believe that the article or image is not a copyright violation, or if you have permission from the copyright holder to release the content freely under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License (CC-BY-SA) then you should do one of the following:

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Proposed deletion of Jonathan Sass

The article Jonathan Sass has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern:
 * Article appears to be a WP:MUSICBIO fail, and reads as vague promotional.

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. --IJBall (contribs • talk) 12:29, 2 November 2016 (UTC)

title: User talk:Random task


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion//Flamethrower Engineering

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Woohookitty 10:45, 7 September 2005 (UTC)

/Flamethrower Engineering
Delete, hoax, or obscure slang at best. Can't seem to make the wikilink work, but article is at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki//Flamethrower_Engineering - choster 04:41, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I fixed the wikilink. And delete, neologism. Flowerparty 04:55, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete somebody's inside joke CDC   (talk)  04:58, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete It's a cool term, and I think that I might steal it, but unfortunatly it doesn't belong in Wikipedia. --Apyule 06:40, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Although, an explanation of the term 'mastrubation' might be interesting. Eddie.willers 22:14, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Neologism. android  79  12:14, September 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom.
 * Delete Agree with above. Amren (talk) 16:45, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User talk:Keystone32

Welcome, from Journalist
Welcome!

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title: User talk:Keystone32


text:
Ohio State Route 228

State Route 228 (SR 228) is a short north–south state highway in the U.S. state of Ohio. The southern terminus of the state route is at State Route 19 (SR 19) nearly 5+1/2 mi north of Republic. Its northern terminus is at SR 101 approximately 5.5 mi southwest of Clyde.

The state highway was established in 1924. It serves as a connector between SR 19 and SR 101 east and northeast of where the two routes intersect. SR 19 jogs west from SR 228's southern terminus, and SR 101 traverses in a southwest-to-northeast fashion, creating a tight angle between the two routes. SR 778 serves a similar purpose to SR 228 to the west and southwest of the junction of SR 19 and SR 101.

Route description
SR 228 is located entirely within Adams Township in Seneca County, and it has an annual average daily traffic count of 320. The short connector route begins where SR 19 and County Road 32 (CR 32) meet, an intersection in which SR 19 forms the southern and western legs and CR 32 approaches from the east. The route passes through mostly farmland. After that, SR 228 arrives at its endpoint at the intersection of SR 101, where it crosses southwest-to-northeast, and Township Road 180 (Rowe Road) continues to the northwest after SR 228 terminates.

History
SR 228 came into being in 1924 along the routing that it occupies to this day. No significant changes have taken place to the route since its designation. The route was repaved in 1969, 1983, and 1995.

title: Ohio State Route 228


text:
Abercwmboi

Abercwmboi is a village in the Welsh county borough of Rhondda Cynon Taf in Wales, United Kingdom.

Location
Abercwmboi is one of the last remaining villages in the Cynon Valley. It has retained its identity and not been developed as have many other Cynon Valley villages. As a result, is a close and friendly community.

The village lies on the B4275 Cardiff Road - the old main route to Cardiff before the A4059 road was built - between Aberdare and Mountain Ash. It is the most south-easterly named settlement that, for postal reasons, is included in the town of Aberdare.

Name
Abercwmboi - earlier Abercynfoi, translated: 'mouth of the Cynfoi'. Cynfoi is the name of the stream. Aberconfoi Ycha/Issa 1570 were farms named after the stream that enters the Cynon river there.

Before 1905 the village was named Capcoch (red cap). The primary school and local pub / inn still have the name. The remains of the original Cap Coch Inn, can be found on the mountainside, above the village. The first streets to be built in Cap Coch were, John Street, Jenkin Street, Mary Street, Margaret Street, Richard Street and William Street. The beginning of Park view terrace near to the school, was also built near this time. The village boasted two main chapels, both of which carried out their services through the medium of Welsh - Bethlehem and Bethesda Chapels, of John Street.

History
Abercwmboi Workmen's Hall (paid for out of the miners' contributions) has been the base for many trips and events, with the miners taking their families on day trips, as a community. The hall has also been used as a cinema and a public house over the years.

A yearly village carnival was held in the village. Every street would work on a 'float' and a theme. Then these floats would parade around the village and fete would follow in the local school. The winning float would then join the Aberdare carnival in the summer, and hope to win that parade. This tradition stopped in the 1980s.

Abercwmboi and the closure of its Phurnacite factory feature in the book Among Others by Jo Walton.

There were large lakes near to the village on which there were swans and other waterfowl. Lord Aberdare would ride around these lakes and catch the birds. Many of these lakes have since been removed. The largest was filled in by the 'Macleans tip', and factories have since been built on this area.

Remains of the Abercwmboi colliery can still be seen on the mountainside above Bronallt Terrace and close to 'Peggy Pit's' house.

Back in the 1940s the village boasted over 40 shops throughout the village, from Mr. Tom Jones' shop, to the Co-op, to Beynons shop etc. 'Parry's Bakery' was a famous bakery, found in Bronallt Terrace and was visited by hundreds of people from all over the Cynon Valley and beyond.

The original Cap Coch primary school had to be demolished (1980–81) and a new school built on the site (after much campaigning by the mothers of the village). The old school's yard fell into a mine shaft and made the area unstable. The children as a result, had to travel by bus each day to attend the Aman school. The mothers of the village fought long and hard, and travelled to the Welsh Office in Cardiff, to have the school rebuilt, and for the area to be made safe.

There are several remains of Abercwmboi's industrial past. The levels behind Park view Terrace and the remains of the colliery behind Bronallt Terrace. The 'Brick works' in Aberaman (old Aldi site), would have employed many from the village, too. Pipes and bricks were made there. Also the Phurnacite lands are still evidence of the past of the village. This has since become a haven for wildlife in the area.

Abercwmboi was also called 'Little Moscow' by many local people in the valleys during the 1920s miners' strike. Abercwmboi, hit badly economically, forced many of the miners to look for work elsewhere. There was fighting and unrest, and both the police and army were called in to control the miners in Abercwmboi.

Several people from the village were members of Côr Mawr, a large choir conducted by 'Caradog' whose statue is in Aberdare town centre. The choir won choral competitions at The Crystal Palace in London in 1872 and 1873.

The village was mostly Welsh speaking until the 1900s. A Welsh language Baptist chapel, Bethesda remains open in 2016. The 1891 census showed that nearly all residents of the oldest streets John Street and Jenkin Street, were first-language Welsh speakers.

Recently, there have been many Iron Age finds in the Abercwmboi area, proving the area has been inhabited for thousands of years.

Although for postal reasons the village comes under the town of Aberdare, its telephone std code is 01443, the code for Pontypridd Exchange, not Aberdare's 01685.

It is at the southern end of Aberdare Parish, therefore is a part of Aberdare.

title: Abercwmboi


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