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Jebel Hafeet

Jabal Hafeet (جَبَل حَفِيْت, "Mount Hafeet"; variously transcribed Jabel or Jebal and Hafit – literally "empty mountain") is a mountain in the region of Tawam, on the border of the United Arab Emirates and Oman, which may be considered an outlier of the Hajar Mountains in Eastern Arabia. Due to its proximity to the main Hajar range, the mountain may be considered as being part of the Hajar range. To the north is the UAE city of Al Ain, in the Eastern Region of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, and the adjacent Omani town of Al-Buraimi.

The sole mountain in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, and one of the highest mountains in the country, it has given its name to a period in UAE history, the Hafit Period of the Bronze Age (3200 to 2600 BCE), because of the discovery of a cluster of important beehive tombs at its foothills. As of 2017, the mountain is recognised as being part of a national park, and was incorporated into the Sheikh Zayed Network of Protected Areas in 2018.

Climate
Jebel Hafeet has a hot desert climate (BWh) according to the Köppen climate classification. On average, 77 mm of rain falls annually. The temperature is relatively cool from October to March, usually remaining below 25 °C. The average overall temperature is 27.1 °C.

Geology
The Jabal Hafit mountain trends NNW–SSE over about 26 km and is 4 – wide. It protrudes 900 m above the surrounding plains. The mountain consists of shallow marine sedimentary rocks, which includes limestone, marl, and evaporites. These layers contain many fossils which includes corals, foraminifera, and bryozoa. Fossils indicate that the sedimentary rocks exposed at the surface range from early Eocene to early Miocene in age, younging from the mountains core to its flanks. This structure is an anticline, or more specifically an east-verging pericline. The west limb has a dip of around 30° and the east limb has overturned bedding at 70° in the central area. This results in an inclined axial plane, creating an asymmetric fold. This is unexpected because the structure is folding towards the Hajar Mountains in the east. If the structure is related to the formation of the Hajar range, the anticline would typically be west verging. This indicates that the Jabal Hafit anticline formed due to a backthrust (antithetic fault), and is a fault-propagation fold.

Within the eroded core of the anticline, at the Green Mubazzarah Park, are hot springs with temperatures of around 40 °C. There is no volcanic activity in the area, therefore the water is being heated geothermally. Meteoric water is percolating from the surface to about 2 km depth and then returning to the surface. This provides evidence for faults below the anticline, as faulting fractures the rock and provides fluid pathways.

The limestone layers were deposited laterally within a basin, and then horizontal shortening folded the layers into an anticline. The timing of when this folding occurred is debated, and the driving force is not fully understood. Some geologists relate the deformation of the Jabal Hafit anticline to the early Miocene Zagros Collision, which is currently active and is caused by the Arabian Plate colliding with the Eurasian Plate. However, the Jabal Hafit Anticline is not actively deforming, and undeformed Miocene sedimentary rocks around the anticline indicate that no deformation has occurred recently. Sedimentary evidence indicates that the Hafit structure developed during the late Oligocene to early–middle Miocene.

Caves
The mountain rises 1,100 - 1,400 m, and offers a view over Al-Ain. Jebel Hafeet was a well-known landmark throughout the area's history, and is a contemporary tourist attraction. An extensive natural cave system winds through Jabal Hafeet. Jebel Hafeet is crossed by a system of caves, some of which have been explored to a depth of no more than 150 m. In the caves there are well-preserved stalagmites and stalactites. Access to the caves is partly natural, while in other parts of the city of Al Ain, the entrance is blocked. At the foot of Jebel Hafeet lies a tourist attraction with hot springs and a lake. To the northeast is the mountain's largest wadi, Wadi Tarabat.

Ridges
The mountain has ridges which stretch northwards to the inner part of Al-Ain City, two of which have been named and given prominence in literature. One is Al Naqfa Ridge or the Nagfa Ridge (جَبَل ٱلنَّقْفَة),  which stretches to Al Ain Oasis in the north, and has a historical fort of the same name nearby. The other is the "Western Ridge" or "West Ridge".

Hafeet Mountain Road
The Jebel Hafeet Mountain Road, built in 1980, extends for 11.7 km up the mountain, rising 1200 m. With 60 turns and three lanes (two climbing and one descending), the road was called the greatest driving road in the world by Edmunds.com. The road scales the mountain and ends at a parking lot with a hotel and a palace belonging to the country's rulers. Part of the climax of the Bollywood film Race was shot on the mountain.

The road was built by Strabag International of Cologne, Germany.

Hafeet Mountain Road is a challenge for cyclists who frequently use the route to train. The Jabal Hafeet Mercure Challenge is an annual road cycling competition taking place in January. National and international riders take part in climbing the 8% average ascent of the mountain. In 2015 it hosted the arrival of the third stage of first edition of Abu Dhabi Tour, won by Colombian Esteban Chaves. Since 2019, the road to the top of Jebel Hafeet is a fixed location of the UAE Tour. For the 2020 edition the mountain was visited twice. The first ascent was won by eventual Tour winner Adam Yates, and during stage 5, which wound up being the final stage of the race due to concerns about the coronavirus, Team UAE's promising young rider Tadej Pogačar won the stage.

Desert / National Park

The mountain is part of a national or desert park, which can be called "Jebel Hafeet National Park",  "Jebel Hafit Desert Park" or "Mezyad Desert Park". It includes the Hafit Graves, Mezyad Fort, and related oases. Its aim was to preserve and restore the fauna, flora, natural environment, and geology of the place, but at the same time, to attract tourists so that they can learn about the area.

Flora and fauna
The mountain is home to endangered species of flora and fauna, particularly at Wadi Tarabat.

On the mountain has been observed the yellow bloom of Acridocarpus orientalis. Numerous other plants have been seen around caves in the mountain.

The caves of Jebel Hafeet are a natural habitat for a wide range of animals, including bats, foxes, snakes, rodents, and hyraxes. The lizard Acanthodactylus opheodurus, which until 1982 was considered extinct in the UAE, has been observed in the area. Among the birds, there is the greatest biodiversity of the whole country: a study counted 119 species of birds. Finally, they have been cataloged, with about 200 different insects, and 23 species of butterflies. Recently, seven species of lacewing insects were discovered here. They were previously thought not to have been in this country, but in Saudi Arabia. The Arabian tahr is also found here.

In 1949, an Arabian leopard was spotted here by Wilfred Thesiger. In 1976, one was shot and wounded, as reported by Hellyer, who claimed another sighting in 1993. The leopard is now possibly extinct in the country's wilderness. In addition, rock hyrax were recently introduced here, and could serve as prey for the leopard, if the latter had to be re-introduced.

In February 2019, the Environment Agency Abu Dhabi recorded the sighting of an Arabian caracal by camera trap in Jebel Hafeet National Park, the first such sighting in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi since 1984. In March, a Blanford's fox was observed using the same technique, after an absence of about 17 years.

Archeological findings

At the foothills of the mountain, near Mezyad, 500 beehive tombs were excavated that dated to an area named after the mountain, the Hafit period of the early Bronze Age, between 3200 and 2600 BC. These tombs were firstly discovered in 1950. Later excavations by Danish archaeologists in 1959 found evidence for ceramic vessels and copper artifacts in these tombs. While the graves on the north side have been partially destroyed by construction projects, the southern tombs are preserved. Some of the tombs contain skeletons, some of which are adorned with bronze objects and pearls. Other objects found in the tombs include ceramics from Mesopotamia, and other artifacts from ancient Iran and the Indus Valley of present-day India and Pakistan, to trading relationships in antiquity. Because of its exceptional archaeological and historical value, in 1993, the "Desert Park and the tombs" (which includes the Jebel Hafeet) was inscribed on the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites as the "Cultural Sites of Al Ain: Hafit, Hili, Bidaa Bint Saud and Oases Areas". Also nearby is the historic Mezyad Fort.

Tourism
Jebel Hafeet is a popular tourist center with a broad view over the whole area from the summit. The touristic attraction at the foot of the mountain is Green Mubazzarah (ٱلْمُبَزَّرَة ٱلْخَضْرَاء), a well-developed tourist attraction featuring a geyser, a children's play park and a number of chalets for hire, several hot-water springs gushing forth in little streams and forming a lake, and swimming pools and Jacuzzis scattered all over the area.

There is also a small dam, constructed in 1955 and restored in 2005, one of the earliest development projects instituted by the late Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, who was the governor of Al-Ain before becoming the Ruler of Abu Dhabi and President of the UAE. The Mubazzara Dam is freely accessible to the public.

On top of the mountain, there is a military communications outpost and a hotel operated by French hospitality company Mercure, as well as a palace.

title: Jebel Hafeet


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Clan m^2

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. --Ryan Delaney talk 15:25, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

Clan m^2

 * Delete. non-notable gaming group vanity. -Satori 16:23, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep.. "non-notable" is irrelevant.  Satori is non-notable, yet you have a page about yourself. - Miscreantik 00:26, 24 August 2005
 * Comment: Satori has a user page, not an article. Big distinction. — Lomn | Talk 16:47:11, 2005-08-23 (UTC)

 * Delete. Clearly not notable, gaming cruft. jni 16:30, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. This is a vanity entry.  In addition, the titles of the members are downright offensive and hardly NPOV.  If you were struggling with alcoholism, for example, would you want to read this page? --128.118.40.77 16:33, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity, non-notable. andy 16:35, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, nn --Raistlin 16:47, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per above. --JiFish(Talk/Contrib) 19:08, August 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. ~⌈Markaci⌋ 2005-08-23 T 21:21:49 Z
 * Delete. --80.222.69.104 21:22, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, utterly non-notable gamecruft. — J I P | Talk 09:31, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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User:Deriobamba

I currently live in Easton, PA and am new to the Wiki world. My first bit of editing was done on the page for my hometown of Jackson Heights, NY.

title: User:Deriobamba


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User:Enkauston

Projects: Camping on Recent Changes catching minor vandals and spammers. Also searching the encyclopedia for older cases of the same. If I'm working on substantive revisions or original articles you can see them in my Sandbox.

-Enkauston

title: User:Enkauston


text: User talk:69.68.21.35

title: User talk:69.68.21.35


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Compton I. White

Compton Ignatius White, Sr. (July 31, 1877 – March 31, 1956), was a U.S. representative for Northern Idaho. A Democrat, he represented Idaho's 1st congressional district and served a total of eight terms and chaired a committee.

Early years
Born in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, Compton White moved during early childhood to Rankin County, Mississippi, and then in 1890 to Clark Fork, Idaho. As a young man, he delivered newspapers while attending public school. He attended Metropolitan Business College in Chicago, Illinois, and graduated from Gonzaga College in Spokane, Washington, in 1897.

Career
He worked on railroads in a number of capacities, as a trainman, conductor, and telegraph operator, until 1910. After this stretch, he worked in lumber, mining, and livestock raising; he was also a member of the Clark Fork Board of Trustees. In 1925, White received an unexpected windfall when a valuable mine of galena ore was found on his property. It was this unexpected find that gave his family a small fortune and allowed him to become a real player in Idaho politics. He was a delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1928, 1932, and 1936, during which period he rose to prominence as a politician.

Congress
White first sought election to Congress during the 1930 election; he gained the Democratic nomination, but was soundly defeated by longtime Republican incumbent Burton French of Moscow. Both were nominated again in 1932 and White unseated French as Franklin D. Roosevelt's landslide victory swept the nation.

Like many rural politicians during the Great Depression, White sought policies and legislation that enabled farmers in Idaho to stabilize their finances and enhance their agricultural output. White was also a supporter of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal, which helped thousands of families in Idaho from 1933 to 1939.

Due to a strong interest in reclamation projects in Idaho and the Pacific Northwest in general, White chaired the now-defunct Irrigation committee while in Congress, and also was a member of the Committee on Coins, Weights and Measures.

One of Congressman White's major accomplishments while in office was the acceptance and use of silver certificates by the Department of the Treasury. The American Silver Purchase Act of 1934 was a major win for White and the silver mining industry in Idaho, Montana, and Colorado, as the federal government had purchased silver at prices well above market value, which enabled mine operators to remain in business during the Great Depression. Congressman White was also instrumental in bringing large irrigation projects to Idaho, including the Bonneville Dam project in 1938 and the Grand Coulee Dam project in 1941.

Although he left Mississippi with his family at a relatively early age, White deeply internalized the racial views of his birthplace, railing against the Chinese during the debate over the repeal of the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1943, arguing that "There is no melting pot in America that can change their habits or change their mentality."

He sought re-election to an eighth term in the 1946 race but was narrowly defeated by Republican Abe M. Goff of Moscow.

In the 1948 election, White defeated Goff and returned to the House but had lost his seniority. In 1950, he sought the Democratic nomination for the U.S. Senate, but it went to D. Worth Clark of Pocatello. At age 75, White sought the party's nomination in 1952 to regain his House seat in the 1st District, but lost to Gracie Pfost of Nampa. He retired from public life and died in Spokane in 1956, where he had lived for three years, and was buried in the family cemetery in Clark Fork.

His only son, Compton I. White, Jr. (1920–1998), was also elected to Congress for the First District in 1962 and 1964. He lost elections in 1966 and 1968.

Election results
Source:   ^ 1948 election included 93 votes (0.1%) for Socialist Party candidate Richard M. Shaefer.

title: Compton I. White


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Violent Criminal Apprehension Program

The Violent Criminal Apprehension Program (ViCAP) is a unit of the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation responsible for the analysis of serial violent and sexual crimes, based in the Critical Incident Response Group's (CIRG) National Center for the Analysis of Violent Crime (NCAVC).

ViCAP was created in 1985 by the FBI and based in Quantico, Virginia. Pierce Brooks was appointed as the first director, primarily because as a homicide detective in Los Angeles he had been the first to propose the idea. Brooks was inspired by the Harvey Glatman case he had worked on, in which he realized serial homicides could be linked by their signature aspects. Brooks would later obtain a $35,000 government grant to realize his idea. In 1982 he met with Robert Ressler to discuss the idea and was convinced by Ressler that ViCAP should be located at Quantico, as opposed to Lakewood where Brooks originally planned to have it housed.

It is designed to track and correlate information on violent crime, especially murder. The FBI provides the software for the database, which is widely used by state and local law enforcement agencies to compile information on:

 * sexual assault cases
 * solved and unsolved homicides, especially those involving a kidnapping or if they are apparently motiveless, sexual or random, or suspected to be part of a series
 * missing persons, where foul play is suspected
 * unidentified persons, where foul play is suspected

Cases fitting these categories can be entered into the system by law enforcement officials and compared to other cases in an attempt to correlate and match possible connections. ViCAP has been a tool in solving many cases, including cases decades old and cases in widely separated states. ViCAP is particularly valuable in identifying and tracking serial killers, where separate victims might not otherwise be connected as part of the same pattern.

The aforementioned pattern that links serial homicides is what is commonly referred to as "signature". ViCAP operates under the knowledge that serial homicides are almost always sexually- and control-driven with a consistent evolving signature present in each murder.

In the summer of 2008, the ViCAP program made its database available to all law enforcement agencies through a secure internet link. This allows for real time access to the database and allows agencies to enter and update cases directly into the database.

title: Violent Criminal Apprehension Program


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Wikipedia:WikiProject Tea/Translate Name

Trad.Chinese/English Tea Names Workshop

 * Huang Guanyin -Wuyi (Oolong tea)  黃觀音 -武夷 (烏龍茶) done
 * Jin Fo -Wuyi (Oolong tea)           金佛 -武夷 (烏龍茶) done
 * Huang Mei Gui -Wuyi (Oolong tea)  黃玫瑰 -武夷 (烏龍茶) done
 * Bu Zhi Chun -Wuyi (Oolong tea)    春??   -武夷 (烏龍茶) not done
 * Bai Rui Xiang -Wuyi (Oolong tea)  白?香  -武夷 (烏龍茶) not done
 * Bai Sui Xiang -Wuyi (Oolong tea)  白?香  -武夷 (烏龍茶) not done
 * Qian Li Xiang -Wuyi (Oolong tea)  ??香   -武夷 (烏龍茶) not done
 * Zhuan Yuan Hong -Wuyi (Oolong tea) ???  -武夷 (烏龍茶) not done

unsorted but translated
(English followed by Chinese)

Classification分類: The four classifications of tea according to fermentation再把這四大分類細分： non-fermented tea :不發酵茶，即綠茶： post–fermented後發酵茶 即普洱茶，即黑茶： partially fermented tea 部分發酵茶，半發酵茶，即烏龍茶 completely fermented tea全發酵茶，即紅茶 ： According to the degree of: fermentation, rolling, baking and tea leaf maturity根據製造時發酵，揉捻焙火與採摘時原料成熟度來分類 Green Tea Types綠茶分為： steamed green tea蒸青綠茶 powered green tea 粉末綠茶 silver needle green tea 銀針綠茶 lightly rubbed green tea 原形綠茶 curled green tea 松卷綠茶 sword shaped green tea劍片綠茶 twisted green tea 條形綠茶 pearled green tea 圓珠綠茶 Puer Tea Types普洱茶分為 : Age-puer 陳放普洱 pile-fermented puer渥堆普洱 Oolong Tea Types烏龍茶分為： white oolong:白茶烏龍 twisted oolong:條形烏龍 pelleted oolong 球形烏龍 roasted oolong熟火烏龍 white tipped oolong:白毫烏龍 Black Tea Types紅茶分為： unshredded black tea：功夫紅茶 shredded black tea:碎形紅茶 Any type of tea can be scented.任何種類的茶都可以熏花. Scented Tea Types熏花茶可分為： scented green tea 熏花綠茶 scented puer tea熏花普洱 scented oolong tea 熏花烏龍 scented black tea熏花紅茶 jasmine scented green tea熏花茉莉 Any type of tea can be spiced. 任何種類的茶都可加以調味. Spiced Tea Types調味茶分為: spiced green tea 調味綠茶 spiced Puer tea調味普洱 spiced oolong tea調味烏龍 spiced black tea調味紅茶 Names of Tea常見茶名： Green Blade 煎茶 Yellow Mountain Fuzz Tip 黃山毛峰 Dragon Well 龍井 Green Spiral 碧螺春 Gunpower Tea 珠茶 Jasmine Tea 茉莉花茶 Rose Bulb 玫瑰繡球 Liuan Leaf 六安瓜片 Tea Powder 茶粉 Fine Powder Tea 抹茶 (matcha) Jun Mountain Silver Needle 君山銀針 White tip silver needle 銀針白毫 White peony 白牡丹 Long Brow 壽眉 Brow Tea 眉茶 Jade Dew 玉露 White Tip Oolong 白毫烏龍 Wuyi Rock 武夷岩茶 Red Robe tea 大紅袍 White Comb白鷄冠 Gold Turtle水金龜 Iron Monk鐵羅漢 Cassia tea 肉桂 (武夷) Narcissus 水仙 Finger Citron 佛手 Iron Goddess (TGY) 鐵觀音 Osmanthus Oolong桂花烏龍 Roast Oolong 熟火烏龍 Light Oolong 清茶 Pouchong Tea 包種茶 Dongding Oolong 凍頂 Anji White Leaf 安吉白茶 Fenghuang Unique Bush 鳳凰單從 Ginseng Oolong 人參烏龍茶 Cinnamon Tea肉桂茶 Gongfu Black 工夫紅茶 Smoke Black 煙熏紅茶 Dark Tea黑茶 Age Bowl Puer 青沱 Age Cake Puer青餅 Pile Cake Puer 熟餅 http://teaarts.blogspot.com/2010/06/tea-terms-2010.html

See also Talk:Chinese_tea


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Triumph Rocket III

The Triumph Rocket III is a three-cylinder motorcycle made by Triumph Motorcycles Ltd. At 2294 cc it had the largest-displacement engine of any production motorcycle until 2019 when Triumph released the Triumph Rocket 3.

The name "Rocket III" is derived from the 1968 BSA 750cc pushrod triple, the Rocket 3, which was a badge-engineered version of the original "Triumph Trident."

History
The Rocket III Project started in 1998 led by Triumph Product Range Manager Ross Clifford and started with a lot of research – especially in the US, where big cruisers were selling well. The main competitors were the Harley-Davidson Ultraglide and the Honda Gold Wing so the initial idea was to develop a 1,600 cc performance cruiser.

The in-house designer was John Mockett, designer of the Hesketh V1000, the Tiger and the new "retro" Bonneville. He started work with David Stride, Gareth Davies and Rod Scivyer working around an in-line three cylinder engine. At the start of the project an in-line four and V6 engine configurations were looked at but the longitudinally mounted triple design led to the design concept code named C15XB Series S1.

Mockett experimented with 'futuristic' styling that included "raygun" silencers and a large chrome rear mudguard, but consumer focus groups did not like it. The S2 model was a simplified version with a more traditional rear mudguard and several features that were to make it through to the final design. Once again, the feedback from market research was that it was still too radical so the lines were simplified and smoothed out to create the Series S3.

Part of the reason for the secrecy was competition from other manufacturers. Yamaha had launched the 1670 cc Road Star Warrior in 2002, and Honda had launched the VTX1800, so Triumph decided to up the ante and go for a displacement of 2,294 cc.

The first engine was built in summer 2002 and tested in the autumn. Twin butterfly valves for each throttle body were used to increase control and allow the ECU to vary the mixture flow and ignition map according to the gear selected and speed. The specification of twin spark plugs per cylinder and multi-hole fuel injectors by Mark Jenner (fuelling, ignition and emission design engineer) allowed the Rocket III to meet the Euro IV emissions limits at launch. The torque curve is modified for each gear ratio, enabling over 90% of the engine's torque output at 2,000 rpm, giving the high levels of flexibility that the designers needed. The 1,500 W starter motor on the Rocket III puts out as much power as the engine on the very first Triumph motorcycle, Siegfried Bettmann's 1902 1.75 hp single.

The final design of the S3 prototype had a large tubular steel twin-spine frame, designed by James Colbrook. Andy Earnshaw was responsible for designing the gearbox and shaft drive to a 240/50ZR16 bike specific rear tyre. High specification front brakes were Daytona 955i twin four-piston callipers with 320 mm floating discs and the rear brake, developed specifically for the purpose, was a single twin piston calliper and 316 mm disc. Ride handling is controlled by purpose built rear shocks and a Triumph first, 43 mm 'inverted' front forks.

In 2003, the prototype was renamed the 'Rocket', following market research, continuing the heritage of the BSA Rocket 3/Triumph Trident motorcycles. It was unveiled in the US on 20 August 2003, in San Antonio, Texas. The Rocket's European launch was at the International Motorcycle Show in Milan, Italy on 16 September 2003. Sold in the UK from the spring of 2004, it was awarded 'Machine of the Year' by Motor Cycle News at the 2004 NEC Motorcycle Show. The Australian launch was in Sydney in August 2004, with 230 deposits taken before any had been shipped into the country.

Reception
Despite extensive market research, the Rocket III has had difficulty finding its niche. Originally intended to break into the US's lucrative cruiser market, the Triumph struggled to find acceptance among Harley-Davidson's ultra-traditional riders, who have barely come to terms with Harley-Davidson's own V-Rod. The 2009 Thunderbird competes more successfully with Harley-Davidson bikes. Triumph is spreading its focus: the Rocket III is now in the "musclebike" and "streetfighter" market, where the Yamaha V-Max has found success, while the Rocket III Touring is making inroads to the market for large touring machines.

"Motor Cycle News" said of the Rocket III: "It is the biggest, most bad-ass motorcycle money can buy. The Triumph Rocket III is an incredible experience and bravo to Triumph for making it. Compared to a Harley, the Rocket III is a steal. It’s better braked, faster, handles better and it’s British. Secondhand values remain high and providing you keep to 3-4000 miles a year it won’t depreciate faster than a Harley, either".

Rocket III
The original model was released in 2004. This model trim is no longer available. The Rocket III Roadster is now the only version available. This model was awarded Motorcycle Cruiser magazine's 2004 Bike of the Year, Motorcyclist's 2004 Cruiser of the Year, and Cruising Rider magazine 2005 Bike of the Year. This model is the newest exhibit at the UK National Motorcycle Museum.

Rocket III Classic
Introduced in 2006, the Classic version has rider floorboards, different shaped silencers (mufflers) and 'pullback' handlebars. More colour choices were added and the pillion seat was modified to improve comfort.

In June 2007, Triumph used 'viral marketing' to promote the Rocket III Classic by posting a well-made spoof production video to YouTube and bike enthusiast websites, , the video had more than 1.2 million views.

Rocket III Roadster
The 2010 Roadster is the most powerful bike in the Rocket III line-up, with a claimed 163 lbft torque and 146 bhp power, as well as a dual exhaust, one per side, instead of the previous 2 and 1 layout. Triumph calls it "the ultimate muscle streetfighter".

Rocket III Tourer
The short-lived 2007 Tourer Limited Edition Model was a Classic Model. The addition of a windscreen, panniers (saddlebags), backrest and luggage rack from the factory, and a choice of two-tone paint schemes

Rocket III Touring
Triumph began developing the Rocket III Touring version in February 2004 following the launch of the original model, to target the large cruiser market which represents 50% of all US motorcycle sales. As well as a new design for the steel frame and swinging arm, the Touring model has more torque at lower revs – 150 lb-ft at 2500 rpm, but less horsepower at the top end 106 hp @ 6,000 rpm (claimed). The Touring had a smaller 16" front wheel and standard type forks (instead of the upside down type of the Roadster New features include tank mounted instruments and a scrolling switch on the handlebar to set the clock and indicate fuel ranges. The five-spoke design used on the Rocket III was replaced with billet aluminium slotted wheels and narrower tyres were specified to improve steering with a 180/70 x 16 rear tyre to make it easier to fit detachable panniers that come as standard, together with a removable windscreen and Kayaba rear shock absorbers. The Rocket III Touring was discontinued in 2017.

title: Triumph Rocket III


text:
Talk:1987 Aegean crisis

=Comments=

Comment
Andreas Papandreou was not Prime Minister in 1976, it was Constantine Karamanlis. And the Sismik was not sunk.

The Hora (later Sismik-I) was the ship involved in the 1976 incident. The Greek Prime Minister at the time was the late K. Karamanlis. Andreas Papandreou was at the time the leader of the minority party PA.SO.K and indeed ask from the goverment to "sink the Hora". After a peak in the tension in the Aegean, Greece and Turkey engaged in negotiations at Berne, which resulted in a sort of “modus vivendi” between the two sides. A protocol was signed in Berne on 11 November 1976, fixing a code of conduct to govern future negotiations concerning the delimitation of the Continental Shelf in the Aegean. No tangible result was obtained, however, and the matter remained unresolved until March 1987, when a new crisis led to the brink of hostilities.

This new crisis was provoked by Turkey, when she sent the oceanographic research vessel Sismik-I,(former Hora) escorted by Turkish warships, into the Aegean in order to engage in research activities on the seabed just outside the territorial waters of the Greek islands. Subsequently, in letters exchanged between the Prime Ministers of Greece (Andreas Papandreou at the time) and Turkey (Turkut Ozal if i remember correctly), Greece reiterated her position concerning the delimitation of the Continental Shelf, the cornerstone of which is that the matter should be settled through recourse to the International Court of Justice. Although the two countries were at the edge of war, Turkey withdrawed and the condition eventually de-escalated. This position remains unaltered to this day, as does Turkey's refusal to submit her claims to the judgment of the Court. Officially there was no fire exchange at any time and as an effect there was no casualties from any side...

So who ever wrote the text about A.Papandreou being the PM on 1976, the sunken Sismik and the 'war casualties' had a very colourfull imagination....

title: Talk:1987 Aegean crisis


text:
SDRC

SDRC (Structural Dynamics Research Corporation) is a leading company specializing in MCAE (Mechanical Computer Aided Engineering) and PLM (Product Lifecycle Management) software.

History
SDRC was formed by engineers, led by then associate professor Dr. Jason R. Lemon, from the University of Cincinnati in 1967, as a consulting company specializing in structural dynamics, or how mechanical parts vibrate. US Steel was a primary customer and early investor, until selling their shares to General Electric in the early 80's.

To aid in its consulting, the company wrote software to simulate and predict vibration. Companies began asking for rights to use this software, and thus SDRC entered the software market. In the 70s, SDRC became known as a Finite Element and Modelling company, and during the 80s and 90s became one of the leading companies in solid modeling and analysis. SDRC (Lemon) is well known globally as one of the first to coin the term "MCAE" (Mechanical Computer Aided Engineering) in the 70's. Dr. Lemon left SDRC in 1982 to form a new start up in 1983, International TechneGroup Incorporated; focused on applying CAE early in product development to lead design, a methodology known as CP/PD (Concurrent Product and Process Development).

Among several technologies pioneered by SDRC, it was one of the first companies to introduce a Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) solution, as a result of its joint venture with Control Data. The product, Metaphase, eventually became the sole property of SDRC.

Financial scandal
On September 14, 1994, SDRC announced that it would be forced to restate its previously-announced earnings. Months later, it was revealed that the Company had overstated its revenue over the three previous years by a combined total of $68 million, citing improprieties in its Far East reseller operations. After the scheme was disclosed, $30 million in SDRC software was discovered in a warehouse at Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport.

On April 11, 1997, the former chairman of SDRC and four other former company executives agreed to pay $1.5 million to settle charges that the Milford software company artificially inflated earnings and revenues from 1992 to 1994. Vice president Tony Tolani paid the government $1 million; Chairman/CEO Ron Friedsam was fined $100,000; CFO Ron Hoffman paid $200,000, VP Robert Fischer, $157,000; and Controller Dick LaJoie, $25,000. The resulting class-action shareholder lawsuit was settled on November 21, 1997, with SDRC agreeing to pay $37.5 million in payouts to affected shareholders.

The SEC also sanctioned the KPMG audit partners responsible for independent audits of company financials at the time. Philip Present and William Scanlon were sanctioned by the SEC, with restrictions on their accounting practice and ability to represent public companies imposed by SEC action. " Present and Scanlon were also aware that audit differences, representing 22% of the net income originally reported by SDRC for 1993, were not reflected in SDRC's 1993 financial statements"

Acquisition
SDRC was purchased by EDS in 2001 for a reported $950 million. SDRC was merged with EDS subsidiary UGS Corp. The new combined company operated as EDS PLM Solutions from 2001 through 2004. EDS sold off its CAD/PLM software business to a group of private equity firms in 2004. The new UGS Corp. operated as an independent, privately held company before being purchased by Siemens AG in 2007.

Products
I-DEAS was SDRC's computer-aided design software package. SDRC was bought by Electronic Data Systems in 2001. Unigraphics and I-DEAS were merged into one product, NX. I-DEAS is still published by Siemens Digital Industries Software (formerly known as UGS Corp).

Metaphase was SDRC's product lifecycle management product. It was designed and best suited for managing CAD data. Metaphase is now published under the Teamcenter Enterprise name by Siemens Digital Industries Software.

title: SDRC


text:
Don Gillis (composer)

Donald Eugene Gillis (June 17, 1912 – January 10, 1978) was an American composer, conductor, teacher, and radio producer. The composition which has gained him most recognition is his orchestral Symphony No. 5½, A Symphony for Fun.

Biography
Gillis was born in Cameron, Missouri. His family moved to Fort Worth, Texas, and he studied at Texas Christian University, playing trombone and acting as assistant director of the university band. He graduated in 1935, and obtained a master's degree from North Texas State University in 1943.

He became production director for the radio station WBAP, later moving to NBC where he became producer for the NBC Symphony Orchestra during the tenure of its conductor Arturo Toscanini. He held several teaching posts at academic institutions in the southern United States during his career, and also helped to found the Symphony of the Air orchestra. Gillis produced several NBC radio programs, including Serenade to America and NBC Concert Hour. After Toscanini retired in 1954, Gillis, serving as president of the Symphony Foundation of America, was instrumental in helping to form the Symphony of the Air, using members of the old NBC Symphony. Gillis also produced the radio program Toscanini: The Man Behind the Legend, which ran for several years on NBC after the Italian conductor's death.

In 1973 he joined the faculty of the University of South Carolina where he founded, and was chairman of, the Institute for Media Arts and was instrumental in establishing the Instructional Services Center. Dr. Gillis also served as USC's composer-in-residence until his death.

He died in Columbia, South Carolina, on January 10, 1978. His papers and an extensive collection of recorded material are housed at the University of North Texas in Denton.

Music
Despite his administrative responsibilities, Gillis was a prolific composer, writing ten orchestral symphonies, tone poems like Portrait of a Frontier Town, piano concertos, rhapsodies for harp and orchestra, and six string quartets. He also composed a wide variety of band music. Gillis is best remembered as the composer of his Symphony No. 5½, A Symphony for Fun, originally performed by Arturo Toscanini and the NBC Symphony Orchestra during a September 21, 1947, broadcast concert that Gillis also produced; it was preserved on transcription discs but not commercially issued. Since 2005, his symphonies have been recorded on the Albany Records label.

Gillis sought to interpret contemporary American culture musically. His music drew upon popular material, particularly emphasizing jazz, which he considered a revitalizing element in American music. He assimilated popular influences in a simple and straightforward style aimed at communicating with his audiences through an emphasis on clear, accessible, melodic writing. Many of his works are best characterized as fun and full of humor.

Chronological list of principal compositions

 * 1936 String Quartet 1
 * 1937 The Panhandle, symphonic suite for orchestra
 * 1937 The Crucifixion, cantata
 * 1937 The Woolyworm, for orchestra
 * 1937 Thoughts Provoked on Becoming a Prospective Papa, symphonic suite
 * 1937 The Raven, after Edgar Allan Poe, for narrator and orchestra
 * 1938 Suite 1 for Wind Quintet
 * 1939 Suite 2 for Wind Quintet
 * 1939 Suite 3 for Wind Quintet
 * 1939–40 Symphony 1, An American Symphony
 * 1940 Intermission – Ten Minutes, symphonic sketch for orchestra
 * 1940 Portrait of a Frontier Town, for orchestra
 * 1940 Symphony 2, Symphony of Faith
 * 1940–41 Symphony 3, A Symphony for Free Men
 * 1941 The Night Before Christmas, for narrator and orchestra
 * 1942 Three Sketches, for strings
 * 1943 Prairie Poem, tone poem
 * 1943 Symphony 4, The Pioneers

 * 1944 The Alamo, tone poem
 * 1944 A Short Overture to an Unwritten Opera, for orchestra
 * 1944–45 Symphony 5, In Memoriam
 * 1945 To An Unknown Soldier, tone poem
 * 1945 This Is Our America, cantata
 * 1945–46 Symphony 5½, A Symphony for Fun
 * 1946 Rhapsody for harp and orchestra
 * 1947 Dude Ranch, tone poem
 * 1947 String Quartet 6
 * 1947 Symphony 6, Mid-Century USA
 * 1948 Symphony 7, Saga of the Prairie School
 * 1949 Shindig, ballet in 7 episodes for orchestra
 * 1950 Symphony 8, A Dance Symphony
 * 1950 Tulsa, a symphonic portrait in oil, for orchestra
 * 1951 Symphony 9, Star-Spangled Symphony

 * 1954 The Coming of The King, for chorus
 * 1956 Piano Concerto 1, Encore Concerto
 * 1956 Pep-Rally, opera for band
 * 1957 The Park Avenue Kids, opera
 * 1957 Five Acre Pond, for oboe and orchestra
 * 1958 The Libretto, opera
 * 1958 Men of Music, for band
 * 1959 The Land of Wheat, suite for band
 * 1961–62 The Legend of Star Valley Junction, opera
 * 1964 Ceremony of Allegiance, for narrator and band
 * 1965 Seven Golden Texts, for narrator voices and orchestra
 * 1966 The Gift of the Magi, opera
 * 1966 World Premiere, opera
 * 1966 Piano Concerto 2
 * 1967 Arturo Toscanini, A Portrait of a Century, for narrator and orchestra
 * 1967 Symphony X (10), Big D(allas)
 * 1967-8 The Nazarene, opera
 * 1969 Rhapsody for trumpet and orchestra
 * 1973 Behold the Man, opera
 * 1976 The Secret History of the Birth of a Nation, for narrator voices and orchestra

Publications

 * The Unfinished Symphony Conductor. Pemberton Press (1967).  A satirical conducting manual.
 * The Art of Media Instruction. Crescendo Book Publications (1973).

Memberships and affiliations

 * Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia
 * Alpha Alpha, 1958 (National Honorary Chapter)
 * Gamma Theta, 1941 (University of North Texas College of Music Chapter)

title: Don Gillis (composer)


text: User talk:69.152.173.139

title: User talk:69.152.173.139


text:
Michael D. Gershon

Dr. Michael D. Gershon is the author of The Second Brain and the chairman of the department of anatomy and cell biology at Columbia University.

title: Michael D. Gershon


text:
Symphony No. 5½ (Gillis)

The Symphony No. 5½, A Symphony for Fun, is an orchestral symphony written in 1946 by the American composer Don Gillis.

Gillis, a prolific composer, had already written five symphonies when he embarked on this work's composition. He stated that he originally set out to write his sixth symphony, but found that the music emerged so light-hearted in character that rather than give the symphony a conventional number he elected to publish it as no. 5½.

The work is in four movements, the titles being punning references to the usual forms found in corresponding movements of "serious" symphonies.

 * 1) Perpetual emotion
 * 2) Spiritual?
 * 3) Scherzophrenia
 * 4) Conclusion!

The symphony was first performed in May 1947 by the Boston Pops Orchestra conducted by Arthur Fiedler. Four months later, in September, the work received its first radio broadcast performance with Arturo Toscanini conducting the NBC Symphony Orchestra.

title: Symphony No. 5½ (Gillis)


text:
Talk:R. W. Southern

Knighthood
The "about the author" text in my copy of Western Society and the Church in the Middle Ages says Southern was knighted in 1975. A Google search for "richard southern" + knighted suggests that 1974 is probably the correct date, but I'm not sure how independent the various sources are. Can anyone reference the original documents - the Queen's Honours list or whatever it might be? --Jim Henry | Talk 16:30, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

A different Richard Southern
...is apparently a theatre historian, whose bibliography appears here. I'm seeking information about this latter individual, but whether or not he's notable enough for his own page, a disambiguation seems in order. At present I'm suggesting this page be moved to Richard W. Southern (as in the French Wikipedia) but not taking action yet. -- Deborahjay (talk) 08:34, 26 June 2009 (UTC)

 * Ref Desk responses:
 * The Library of Congress authority file (official site here, but more easily searchable via WorldCat), also recognises these authors as two different people:
 * Southern, Richard (lccn-n50-21642) is the theatre historian.
 * Southern, R. W. (Richard William), 1912- (lccn-n50-21643) is the mediaevalist.
 * WorldCat lists one library holding about the theatre historian: the Richard Southern Print Collection at Bristol whose website you already linked to. The Bristol website includes a biography and reproduces an obituary from The Independent. Searching LexisNexis for August 1989 also finds obituaries that were published in the The Times (4 August) and The Guardian (7 August), so it looks like there's enough source material for a short article on him. EALacey (talk) 10:03, 26 June 2009 (UTC)

 * I'm of the opinion that titles of articles about authors should reflect the names that they used on their publications (cf. C. S. Lewis, T. S. Eliot, H. G. Wells). Since the medievalist invariably published as "R. W. Southern," I'd recommend moving Richard Southern over the redirect at R. W. Southern. Then an article about the other guy could be created at "Richard Southern" (if it's determined that he's notable), and hatnotes could be added for cross-referencing. Deor (talk) 14:12, 26 June 2009 (UTC)

 * Follow-up response to Ref Desk discussion:
 * I think R. W. Southern would be the best name. There are 41 books under that name at my university library, and even the popular bookstore has him listed as R. W. Adam Bishop (talk) 11:56, 27 June 2009 (UTC)

 * Responding 7 years later, wanted to leave a note to say I'm grateful for this discussion as I just found myself wondering about the very same question. In theatre studies and Shakespeare studies, the theatre historian is a major figure. The Seven Ages of the Theatre, The Medieval Theatre in the Round, and The Staging of Plays before Shakespeare are all major works. He'd certainly merit an article. NB: I rather assumed that the article hadn't yet been written, as didn't know he was a designer as well as a historian. Have ammended the lede in this article to clarify that Richard Southern (theatre designer) is the historian of medieval theatre as well.  • DP •  {huh?} 00:38, 16 August 2016 (UTC)

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text:
Spacing

Spacing may refer to:
 * Spacing (magazine), a Canadian magazine
 * Spacing effect in psychology; the opposite of cramming
 * The usage of spaces in typography
 * Letter spacing, the amount of space between a group of letters
 * Line spacing, interline spacing or leading, the amount of added vertical spacing between lines of type
 * Sentence spacing, the horizontal space between sentences in typeset text
 * French spacing, one convention for the use of spaces in printed text around punctuation, words, and sentences
 * Word spacing, the amount of space between words
 * Spacing, a science fiction term for a theoretical method of execution by space exposure
 * Spacing, the distance between microphones in an AB microphone system (see time-of-arrival stereophony)

title: Spacing


text: File:Chimaira-theimpossibilityofreason.jpg


text:
User talk:Sheana

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).
 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Follow the Simplified Ruleset
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

Meelar (talk) 16:30, August 23, 2005 (UTC)

Vote for deletion
I don't know if you're aware of it or not, but an article you created is being considered for deletion: Articles for deletion/List of notable large people. Kingturtle 19:51, 15 January 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sheana


text:
Banihal Pass

Banihal Pass (Hindi: बनिहाल दर्रा, Urdu: ) is a mountain pass across the Pir Panjal Range in India at a maximum elevation of 2832 m. It connects the Kashmir Valley in the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir to the outer Himalaya and the plains to the south. In the Kashmiri language, "Banihāl" means blizzard.

The road from Jammu to Srinagar transversed Banihal Pass until 1956 when the Jawahar Tunnel was constructed under the pass. The road now passes through the tunnel and the Banihal Pass is no longer used for road transport.

As from the Banihal Pass a sharp change in nature and mountains can be seen. The natural surroundings of Kashmir reveal themselves through the Banihal and Jehlum valley roads.

Zaban Glacier is a famous hill station located in the Sanglaab Valley, close to the Banihal Pass. This glacier is situated to the west of the village of Khairkoot. The glacier is almost 2 km long in the lap of Sundur Top (3,660 m above sea level) Zaban Glacier is also the origin of Bachliri Nallaha, the main tributary of the Chenab River. Local tourists visit this glacier from April to mid-August. The glacier is connected by road to the Jammu-Srinagar National Highway, en route from Nowgam. It is almost 3 km from Nowgam and 2 km from Sanglaab colony.

title: Banihal Pass


text:
Bharath Reddy (cricketer)

Bharath Reddy (born 12 November 1954) is a former Indian international cricketer.

Born
Bharat Reddy was born at 12 November 1954 in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. He was a wicket-keeper of team India for 4 test and 3 ODI.

Tour of England
Reddy toured England with an Indian Schools XI in July and August 1973, scoring a century against a Midland Counties schools team. He made his first-class debut a few weeks later for Vazir Sultan Tobacco Colts XI at the age of 18, captaining a team of nine other first-class debutants. In quick succession he then kept wicket for Rest of India in the Irani Cup and for South Zone in the Duleep Trophy before making his Ranji Trophy debut for Tamil Nadu, all before the end of 1973. Before the 1973–74 season was out he had also played two first-class matches for an Indian XI against Rest of India, and made a short tour of Sri Lanka with an Indian team as the reserve wicket-keeper to Pochiah Krishnamurthy, playing in the match against Sri Lanka Board President's XI.

Neither Reddy nor Krishnamurthy succeeded Farokh Engineer when he retired from Test cricket shortly afterwards, however, the selectors preferring Syed Kirmani. Reddy kept wicket in one of the three matches India played against Sri Lanka in 1975–76, and as Kirmani's deputy he toured Australia in 1977–78 and Pakistan in 1978–79. He got his chance in Test cricket when Kirmani was dropped and Reddy toured England as the first-choice wicket-keeper in 1979. He played in all four Tests in a series that India lost one-nil, but was not impressive. Reddy toured Australia and New Zealand as Kirmani's deputy in 1980–81 without playing a Test.

International career
He played three One Day Internationals between 1978 and 1981, against Pakistan, Australia and New Zealand.

His best season with the bat was 1981–82, when he made 326 runs at 32.60 with three fifties, including his highest career score of 88 against Kerala.

He captained Tamil Nadu from 1982–83 to 1985–86. Against Kerala in 1982–83 he took six catches in the second innings and eight in the match.

After cricket
After retiring from cricket, Reddy worked for Chemplast. He also helped to run cricket training camps in Chennai, where he discovered Indian Test players Dinesh Karthik and Lakshmipathy Balaji.

Personal life
His daughter Sriya Reddy, an actress in South Indian films, married film producer Vikram Krishna in 2008.

title: Bharath Reddy (cricketer)


text:
User talk:Gemmabass

Image Tagging Image:Oak buds nearly bursting.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Oak buds nearly bursting.jpg. I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag, so its copyright status is therefore unclear. Please add a tag to let us know its copyright status. (If you created/took the picture then you can use to release it under the GFDL. If you can claim fair use use  .)  If you don't know what any of this means, just let me know on the image description page where you got the images and I'll tag them for you. Otherwise, see Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use. Thanks so much. --Secretlondon 16:31, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Gemmabass


text:
Talk:Edward Vrdolyak

Untitled
I know nothing of Chicago or its politics, but this:

representing clients with ties to the mob and making millions through consulting services for suburban city governments.

seems a bit NPOV without very good supporting evidence. Gerry Lynch 16:32, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I agree - this article needs to be re-written with a less POV slant! 209.145.162.130 21:40, 12 September 2005 (UTC)

Anyone now where he was born where he was raised, either just before or during law school he was charged with murder he was not convicted anyone know the circumstances? Allegations of mob connections are part of his persona even thou no criminal charges or wrong doing ever proven. Is I think proper to be mentioned.

Historically Chicago was very corrupt, some say it still is. Some say Illinois is corrupt. Our former Governor is on trial right now for alleged corruption dating as far back as when he was Secretary of State. Several high-ranking members of the current Daley administration are under Federal indictment or investigation. How far up will it go? Ask the FBI. Our elected City Treasurer was just indicted last week. Even Judges in the recent past (last 20 years) convicted of taking bribes. Some might say he simply worked the system as it existed. So all in all you have to mention some of this in the context the info was written I don’t think it is NPOV. Even Eddie knows and deals with the allegations, he says they are untrue but they exist and therefore have to be mentioned! They are facts only insofar as there are allegations. Welcome to Chicago! 1/29/06

NPOV tag August 2006
A user has put an NPOV tag on this page as of August 16, 2006. This is one of the first pages I edited on Wikipedia and I have tried to keep an eye on it. I think it is pretty balanced at this point, but if people have specific NPOV concerns please raise them so we can address them. Thanks!! TMS63112 04:10, 17 August 2006 (UTC)

 * One could cite Royko. Billbrock 01:45, 8 October 2006 (UTC)

Two undisputed facts should be added to this profile.

First, he was asked to sit out a year of law school at U of Chicago while he was defending himself on charges of manslaughter.

Second, he made his first fortune representing the families of the victims of an Illinois Central commuter train crash. One of the two trains involved in the crash originated on the Southeast side of Chicago and carried a number of passengers from his neighborhood.

Factual Impossibilities and Contextual Omissions
As a matter of plain chronologically factual impossibility, the following passage "In 1988, Vrdolyak was the Republican candidate for Clerk of the Circuit Court of Cook County. He lost to Democrat Aurelia Pucinski, daughter of long-time Organization stalwart Roman Pucinski, who was also backed by Washington." ignores the fact, as the article does not state the fact, that on November 25, 1987, Harold Washington suddenly died of a "heart attack." Washington had, in fact, backed Pucinski, but had deceased by the time of the municipal elections in 1988.Marketex (talk) 12:30, 27 February 2009 (UTC)

Controversy still surrounds Vrdolyak's involvement in the events surrounding those of November 25-30, 1987, given the fact that Vrdolyak's faction of the City Council immediately resumed control of same, replacing the choice of Washington's faction of the City Council, David Orr, as Mayor, with its own choice, Eugene Sawyer in a heated contest which favorable result for Vrdolyak's faction caused Richard Mell an ally, and future father-in-law of recently impeached Illinois Governor, Rod R. Blagojevich, to physically jump up on one of the desks in Council Chambers declaring his joy at the selection of Sawyer.Marketex (talk) 12:30, 27 February 2009 (UTC)

Footnotes & External Links - Problems
There seems to be a problem with ref/cit and external links not showing up in this article. I've tried to fiddle with the formatting, but failed to solve problem. This is a pity, since refs look interesting. Someone more knowledgeable about Wiki software please fix. Mick gold (talk) 11:20, 9 December 2008 (UTC)

Bison
I was going to add a section or paragraph to an existing section about the bison escape from his Michigan property and the resulting controversy after its killing, but am not sure if it's notable enough, especially since it would contrast with the tone of the existing material. I do have two good sources:

 * Ex-Ald. Vrdolyak’s bison gets loose, is shot
 * Police defend bison killing

Any thoughts? Mapsax (talk) 19:42, 10 April 2009 (UTC)

 * Oooh, I think that we have notability now, if not necessarily for this particular article:

 * Letter threatens cops, kids over bison

 * The FBI is now involved. Mapsax (talk) 22:22, 14 April 2009 (UTC)

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Lian Li

Lian Li Industrial Co., Ltd. is a Taiwanese computer case and accessories manufacturer. It is one of the largest manufacturers of aluminium computer cases in Taiwan and is also a major world competitor in the premium aftermarket computer case industry.

Products
Lian Li cases are constructed with either brushed or anodised aluminium and are lightweight and offered in silver, black, grey, golden, red, blue, and green shades. In addition to their various cases, they produce aluminum desks, power supplies and accessories such as window kits, CPU coolers, Liquid CPU Coolers, fans, removable hard drive bays, bezel covers, and memory card readers. The company also provides OEM and ODM services.

History
Lian Li Industrial Co., Ltd. was founded in 1983.

Location
Lian Li has its headquarters in the Liudu Industrial Park (六堵工業區, Liùdǔ Gōngyèqū) in Keelung.

Subsidiary brand
In 2009 Lian Li launched LanCool as a subsidiary to produce cases without their signature aluminium in an effort to bring costs down. These cases feature a tool-less architecture aimed at gamers and PC enthusiasts. With LanCool producing the non-aluminium midtower cases, Lian Li is well known as a high-end aluminium chassis manufacturer. In August 2018, after years without new product releases, Lian Li revived the LanCool branding and presented the LanCool One chassis featuring tempered glass panels and RGB lighting.

title: Lian Li


text:
Washington State Route 105

State Route 105 (SR 105) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Washington. It travels 48 mi along the Pacific Coast between two junctions with U.S. Route 101 (US 101) in Raymond to the south and Aberdeen in the north. The highway also has two spur routes: a 4 mi road serving the city of Westport on Grays Harbor and a short connector in Aberdeen.

Route description
SR 105 begins at an intersection with US 101 on the north bank of the Willapa River in Raymond, about 1 mi north of the western terminus of SR 6. The highway follows Park Avenue through Raymond's northern residential neighborhoods and turns southwest to follow the Willapa River downstream and opposite from US 101. It turns northwest to follow the river as it approaches its mouth at the east end of Willapa Bay and passes Willapa Harbor Airport. SR 105 continues west along the Willapa Bay estuary, crossing over North River near the Smith Creek State Wildlife Recreation Area and following the foothills of the Willapa Hills. The highway continues west through the Shoalwater Bay Indian Reservation, located northwest of Tokeland and Dexter by the Sea, and turns north at North Cove on the Pacific Coast.

The highway continues along the coast and passes through Grayland Beach State Park and the beachside community of Grayland in Grays Harbor County. It turns east at Cohassett Beach near Twin Harbors State Park while a spur route continues north to the city of Westport at the mouth of Grays Harbor. SR 105 travels east along the South Bay of Grays Harbor, crossing over the Elk River and the Johns River at Markham. The highway then passes through Ocosta and near the Stafford Creek Corrections Center before entering the city limits of Aberdeen. SR 105 turns north onto Boone Street near the Grays Harbor College campus and the Shoppes at Riverside shopping mall. The road expands to five lanes as it passes through the commercial and residential areas of southern Aberdeen and turns northwest after Marion Street, continuing for one block until reaching the terminus of SR 105 at a junction with US 101 on the southern bank of the Chehalis River.

SR 105 is maintained by the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT), which conducts an annual survey on state highways to measure traffic volume in terms of annual average daily traffic. The highway's daily vehicle counts in 2016 ranges from a minimum of 970 vehicles near Tokeland to a maximum of 17,000 in southern Aberdeen. SR 105 is designated by the state government as the Cranberry Coast Scenic Byway, recognizing the area's cranberry industry. The highway is also a signed tsunami evacuation route for Westport and Grayland.

Spur routes
State Route 105 Spur (more specifically referred to by the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) as "State Route 105 Spur Westport") is a spur of State Route 105 that goes north into the town of Westport, USA. It snakes through the city streets, initially as Forrest Street, finally ending at the harbor.

The SR 105/105 Spur junction is about 5 miles (8 km) north of Grayland, Washington, immediately adjacent to Twin Harbors State Park. The spur is 4.02 mi long. WSDOT estimates that daily traffic on the spur route ranges from 1,000 vehicles at its northern terminus to 5,400 at Montesano Street.

State Route 105 Spur can also refer to a 0.15 mi section of the Aberdeen-area SR 105/U.S. Route 101 junction specifically referred to by WSDOT as "State Route 105 Spur Boone". WSDOT estimates that traffic counts on the Boone spur range from 1,200 to 1,700 vehicles.

History

SR 105 follows the Aberdeen–Tokeland Highway, which was constructed in the 1920s to connect Tokeland and Westport to Aberdeen. It was added to the state highway system in 1937 as Secondary State Highway 13A (SSH 13A), the lone branch of Primary State Highway 13, with a spur route serving Westport and plans to extend the main road from Tokeland to Raymond.

Construction of the Tokeland–Raymond highway was delayed until the early 1950s despite lobbying from local interests. The rugged terrain, difficult soil conditions, and weather issues delayed completion until the 1960s. The final section of SSH 13A, between Tokeland and Raymond, was opened in 1962. In the 1964 state highway renumbering, SSH 13A was assigned the designation of SR 105. Part of the new coastal highway was eroded away in the late 1960s, leading to the first of several re-location projects. The state government submitted an application to the American Association of State Highway Officials in 1962 to designate the coastal route as U.S. Route 101 Alternate, but were denied due to the route's lack of justification.

Between Grayland and Tokeland, SR 105 had to be re-routed inland in the 1990s from Cape Shoalwater, due to currents coming out of Willapa Bay causing severe erosion, taking many acres of land out to sea.

title: Washington State Route 105


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Violet Jones

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Speedy Delete. --Ryan Delaney talk 13:32, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

Violet Jones
This article's text currently presents two claims to notability. Firstly, that she is a webmaster for a site that seeks to ensure the public is informed about a particular political stance. Secondly, she is married to a journalist with the same political stance. I don't that either establish her notability Sliggy 16:35, August 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * forgot the explicit delete Sliggy 22:07, August 23, 2005 (UTC)

 * non notable, Delete --Raistlin 16:44, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete under CSD A7. DES (talk) 17:32, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete speedy or otherwise. Alf 21:14, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete and burn; nn, van, adv | Celcius 22:06, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete under A7Capitalistroadster 08:22, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Opa

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Transwiki. R e  dwolf24  (talk) 01:50, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

Opa
MATIA 14:56, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Transwiki Dictionary definition bogdan | Talk 16:35, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Transwiki to wiktionary. Alf 21:08, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep after merging it with previously deleted Opa! or Transwiki. Comment  I would also need to point that Category:Vocabulary_and_usage_stubs are candidate to be moved to Wiktionary. We don't have to delete other's people work, when we can move it to the right place. The Wikipedia project has great potentials, and I believe we should try to achieve them.MATIA 19:36, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment After Votes for deletion/Opa!, information that I've added on Opa! is lost. Hopefully it'll be added here by User:Redwolf24, so that opa can be kept or transwikified the right way. I must remind you If you come across an article that is nothing more than a definition, see if there is information you can add that would be appropriate for an encyclopedia.
 * Transwiki, unless, as MATIA suggests above, this article can be beefed up to be encyclopedic. Right now, this article is almost archetypally a dictionary entry. – Friejose 17:47, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Opa


text:
Port of Halifax

The Port of Halifax comprises various port facilities in Halifax Harbour in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. It covers 10 km2 of land, and looks after 150 km2 of water.

Strategically located as North America's first inbound and last outbound gateway, the port of Halifax is a naturally deep, wide, ice-free harbour with minimal tides and is two days closer to Europe and one day closer to Southeast Asia (via the Suez Canal) than any other North American East Coast port. In addition, it is one of just a few eastern seaboard ports able to accommodate and service fully laden post-Panamax container ships using the latest technology.

With 17 of the world's top shipping lines calling the port, including transshipment, feeder ship services and direct access to Canadian National Railway (CN) inland network, the port of Halifax is connected virtually to every market in North America and over 150 countries worldwide supporting the delivery of all types of cargoes. Annually the port handles over 1,500 vessels, generates 15,000 jobs and $2 billion in economic impact. Halifax is one of Canada's top four container ports in terms of the volume of cargo handled.

History
After the Royal Navy withdrew from Halifax in 1905, the dockyards were handed over to the Government of Canada. Prior to World War I, the government began the Ocean Terminals project. A new railway was built through the city's South End to service the modern piers, the first of which opened in the early 1920s. Shipping grew sharply during World War II.

With the containerisation revolution of shipping, it was decided to build a container terminal in Halifax. The South End Container Terminal opened in the South End in 1969 at the site of the former Seaward Defence Base.

A specialised vehicular processing facility, the Autoport, was opened in 1971. It provides various pre-distribution services in addition to basic loading and off-loading. The number of vehicles handled annually by the Autoport has grown from 100,000 in 1979 to about 250,000 today.

By the late 1970s the South End Container Terminal was operating at capacity, handling more tonnage than any other container terminal in Canada. A second container terminal at Fairview Cove was therefore built at a cost of $47 million and opened in 1982. It was originally a single-berth facility, and operations were contracted out to Cerescorp Inc. The terminal has since been expanded. In 2003, Ceres (now a subsidiary of Nippon Yusen) successfully bid on a continued operations contract, effective January 1, 2003 for 20 years.

In 2005 the Fairview Cove Container Terminal berth depth was deepened to 16.8 m (as deep as the New Panama Canal).

In 2012 a major expansion of the South End Container Terminal was completed. The depth of the berth was increased from 14.5 to 16 m and the pier was extended.

In June 2017 it welcomed its first Neopanamax vessel, the ZIM Antwerp.

On August 1, 2019, PSA International completed its acquisition the former Halterm south end container terminal from Macquarie Group

In 2021, 16,020-TEU CMA CGM Explorer-class container ships made their inaugural visits to the PSA south-end terminal.

Administration
Many major port facilities are owned by the Halifax Port Authority (HPA), a port authority operating as a federally regulated Crown corporation of the Government of Canada. HPA has responsibility of managing 260 acres federally owned marine industrial land in Halifax Harbour.

The HPA was created on March 1, 1999 and succeeds the Halifax Port Corporation (HPC). HPC was the successor to the National Harbours Board, which operated all federally owned ports in Canada. Halifax was one of the first of eighteen national ports in Canada which implemented this administrative change as required by the Canada Marine Act which passed on June 11, 1998.

Facilities
Halifax Port Authority facilities include:

 * South End Container Terminal – Piers 36–42 (operated by PSA Halifax)
 * Ocean Terminals – Piers 23–34
 * Halifax Seaport (formerly the Seawall) – Piers 20–22, Cruise Ship Pavilion and Pier 21 museum, NSCAD University, HPA administrative building
 * Halifax Grain Elevator (leased and operated by Halifax Grain Elevator Limited)
 * Richmond Terminals – Piers 9 and 9A
 * Richmond Offshore Terminals – Piers 9B–9D (multi-user supply base for offshore oil and gas exploration/production)
 * Fairview Cove Container Terminal – (currently operated by Cerescorp)
 * Sheet Harbour Industrial Port

Major port facilities not owned or administered by HPA:
 * National Gypsum Wharf – (owned and operated by National Gypsum Company to serve Wrights Cove gypsum terminal)
 * Woodside Atlantic Wharf – (vessel lay-up and repair, servicing oil rigs)
 * Imperial Oil Wharves – (Imperial Oil, serves the Dartmouth Refinery)
 * Autoport – (owned by Canadian National)

All HPA facilities except the Sheet Harbour Port are serviced by Canadian National.

Cruise ships
In addition to being one of the world's largest natural harbours for breakbulk, bulk, roll-on/roll-off, containerized and project cargoes, the Halifax seaport has become an increasingly popular port of call for cruise ships from around the world. In 2019, the Port of Halifax had 179 cruise vessel calls with over 323,000 passengers aboard. It is estimated that cruise passengers alone contribute about $172 million to Halifax's economy every year.

title: Port of Halifax


text:
Talk:Friday Night Lights (film)

Plot Section
The plot summary/section in this entry really expands into areas that the actual film does not. There isn't any screen time devoted to Miles and his academic standing, and there is just ONE instance of his replacement running out of bounds because of no blocking. There's nothing else to indicate he was scared of getting hurt. There's a lot of inferences there and meanwhile other things that are in the film aren't meantioned.

--chadhart —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.226.196.104 (talk) 07:50, 3 February 2009 (UTC)

Does anybody have film footage from the actual game against Carter? I would be interested in comparing to the movie. Thanks, Dave

Well I know on the DVD they show it in the features. Its home video, and the game is defintely not as big as they tried to make it(of course it was in the semis not the finals).

The epilogue in the movie has Wilkins under Winchell's name, not Case. Case was the real-life backup to Mike Winchell, but the movie does not depict this accurately. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.130.234.250 (talk) 02:24, 14 May 2009 (UTC)

Did Permian really lose by about a foot ?
Just wondering if anyone knows because it's a burning question I have.

Read the differences section!--Levineps 05:03, 22 April 2006 (UTC)

 * No. In reality the game was played in a rainstorm at Austin.  It was the semifinals, and the game was not that close.  Carter went on to win the State title, but had to forfeit the title after a grade scandal.  Permian did actually go on to win State the next year though.  Rmt2m 20:05, 4 June 2006 (UTC)

 * The game was actually close, but it was not high-scoring and did not come down to a foot. --Nightengale989 17:04, 18 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I believe the grade scandale occured prior the the Permian/Carter game. It dealt with the controversy over Carter player Gary Edwards' Algebra II grade. The game was very close, however the final play was not a run by Winchel, rather it was an incomplete pass. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 160.39.226.140 (talk) 06:21, 17 January 2007 (UTC).

Thematic Issues

 * What are the thematic issues involved in this movie? I'm writing a paper and could use some help.
 * small town underdogs loose their arrogant black star player, and the white star quarterback and white running back overcome brutal physical punishment to almost win a state championship against an evil inner city all black team, who win the with the help of a cheating black umpire. The movie follows the popular racist formula of the Rocky movies or Hoosiers. It is presented as a true story, but the real life "historical" events upon which the movie is purported to be based, are warped to fit established conventions acceptable for white audiences and profitable for Hollywood, at the expense of black Americans  and factual veracity. This is called "artistic license" in Hollywood, elsewhere known as lying,  or propaganda.  The whites are shown to be the true victims of racism,  they are smaller and  humanly vulnerable, but  noble hearted, while their black opponents are displayed as brutal, animalistic cheaters. (68.60.68.203 00:30, 13 April 2007 (UTC)

 * "against an evil inner city all black team"...which cheated to allow its star player on the field (leading to their forfeiting the championship) and many of whose stars went on to thriving careers in state prison after committing armed robbery, despite having received full scholarships to Division I schools. Those poor maligned victims!64.132.218.4 (talk) 17:40, 14 January 2008 (UTC)

 * What a retarded moron you are. The star running back was black (Comer you dumb ass), the full back was white.  And let's not forget the Mexican star Chavez who is not white.  In spite of your racist garbage there were many themes.  Watch the movie.

Analysis of major movie characters
This entire section seems to be OR. Dagnabit 22:42, 12 November 2006 (UTC) THE MOVIE FRIDAY NIGHT LIGHTS WAS A TRUE STORY BASED IN A SMALL TOWN IN TEXAS NAMED PERMIAN IT TEACHES LESSONS OF HARD WORK WORK AND DESIRE TO WORK AND WIN AS ONE RUNNING BACK BOOBIE MILES WAS A GREAT EXAMPLE OF AN ERAGONT YET SKILLFULL ATHLETE AT THE HIGH SCHOOL LEVEL HE SOON WAS INJURED AND UNABLE TO PLAY FOR THE REST OF HIS SENIOR YEAR BOOBOIE RELIZES THAT HE NEEDS THE TEAM SO HE RETURNS AND MOTIVATES THEM DURING THERE STATE CHAMPIONCHIP THIS GAME OF FOOTBALL WAS MORE THAN A SPORT TO THESE KIDS IN TEXAS IT WAS THERE LIFE THIS IS WHAT THEY LIVED TO DO THEY HAD A TOUGH GAME AT STATE AND LOST BY A TOCH DOWN THE OPPOSING PLAYERS WHERE STRONGER FASTER AND JUST PLAIN DIRTY BUT MANAGED TO PULL AWAY WITH THE VICTORY AND COMING FROM A BLACK AMERICAN ID GIVE THE MOVIE AND BOOK A A FIVE STAR RATING —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.135.223.170 (talk) 04:03, 21 June 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Fnl poster.jpg
Image:Fnl poster.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 05:52, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

Cast
Some of the hyperlinks for characters in the film are wrong. I checked that Maria gives a link to the general wikipedia entry for Maria and that Chris Comers leads to a woman named Christine Comers. These links are unnecessary and not helpful for people looking for information about the story and people therein. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.130.234.250 (talk) 02:28, 14 May 2009 (UTC)

Goof
In the State championship they said Permian was home in white and Carter away in red isn't that a goof because colors are home and white is away. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.62.122.231 (talk) 17:38, 26 July 2009 (UTC)

Typically
Typically, the home team has the choice of color they will wear in the upcoming game... either light or dark jersey. Permian chose the light (white) jersey, giving Carter the darker color - being their red jerseys. Unless they are playing in Ratliff Stadium, Permian coaches over the years have chosen the white home jersey in other stadiums during the playoffs. Similar to the Dallas Cowboys wearing white at home and dark on the road. Now during the regular season, Permian wears black for home games and white as visitors. —Comment added by Terryalan 27 July 2009 (UTC)

And where's Ryanne Duzich, as Melissa!?
"Hi, Mike. I'm Melissa. Are U gay? Is he gay? Can U prove it"? 115.70.100.169 (talk) 21:00, 24 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Friday Night Lights (film)


text:
Wikipedia:Experimental Deletion/XD3/Trash

This page holds articles deleted under Experimental Deletion/XD3

Current contents:

/Wrestling Rappers--Tznkai 16:35, 23 August 2005 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Women in German history series

2005 posts
Excellent! The title could be confused with a general survey of women in German history - I've been appending "series" or "issue" to distinguish stamp things, or a "(stamps)" disambiguator would work too. Stan 16:36, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Thank you. Done. Sebjarod 18:42, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Women in German history series


text: Template:Shenzhen

title: Template:Shenzhen


text: User talk:205.240.242.2

title: User talk:205.240.242.2


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Lanz Chan

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. --Ryan Delaney talk 15:23, 29 August 2005 (UTC)


text:
Molecular Sciences Institute

The Molecular Sciences Institute (MSI), now located in Milpitas, California was founded in Berkeley, California by Sydney Brenner in 1996. Its mission was to operate as an independent non-profit research laboratory that combined genomic experimentation with computer modeling. Current efforts include co-curricular STEAM programming for youth and quick launch strategies for products/technologies addressing global health. In the last few years, MSI has integrated into the startup community through providing research and development facilities and mentorship.

This organization has been supported by federal grants from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) and other funds provided by foundations and corporations.

title: Molecular Sciences Institute


text:
User talk:Girlvinyl

Have a look at Wikipedia talk:Requests for comment/User:Girlvinyl. And Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! , SqueakBox 16:37, August 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Round 2

LOL ---Zemant (talk) 23:42, 31 January 2013 (UTC)

Hello, Girlvinyl, if that really is you.
Are you the real "Girlvinyl"? Da Wyyzrd 18:59 16 February 2021. — Preceding undated comment added 00:58, 17 February 2021 (UTC)

title: User talk:Girlvinyl


text:
The Impossibility of Reason

The Impossibility of Reason is the second studio album by the American heavy metal band Chimaira, released on May 13, 2003. It is the first album to feature Matt DeVries on rhythm guitar. The album is a noted for its groove metal-oriented sound, especially when compared to the band's previous releases which were considered closer to the nu metal genre. Upon release, it debuted No. 117 on the Billboard 200 charts. To date the album has sold around 200,000 copies in the US.

A limited edition version of The Impossibility of Reason was released in 2004, which included a bonus disc called Reasoning the Impossible. The song "Army of Me" appeared on the Freddy vs. Jason soundtrack.

Production
The Impossibility of Reason was recorded with six-string guitars in drop C tuning, a standard that future albums would follow, and deemphasizes electronic effects. Rob Arnold later explained that the higher tuning allows "much more clarity and power to the attack" in comparison to the murky drop A tuning used on Pass Out of Existence. Thus, the album has been considered heavier than Chimaira's 2001 debut, yet still bears a melodic side. Vocalist Mark Hunter noted the album's musical growth and credited the influence of band's they toured with. He also elaborated that while the sampling featured in their previous album was "ear candy", it would be more focused to "enhance the music" on their 2003 effort. Chimaira would continue their progression of heaviness with future albums.

In an interview, Hunter described The Impossibility of Reason and compared it with the band's prior release:
 * "With the new album we give the listener a feeling like they can’t breathe, the songs pound you continuous. The breakdowns in the songs don’t go all soft, but stay on the heavy level."

The production of The Impossibility of Reason was filmed and would be included on the Dehumanizing Process DVD in October 2004.

Touring and promotion
Chimaira toured with the likes of In Flames, Soilwork and Unearth before joining Ozzfest 2003. They also performed on European Road Rage 2003 with Spineshank and Ill Niño before heading to Japan and Australia, the latter being firsts for Chimaira.

In early 2003, a music video was filmed for the melodic "Down Again" which aired on Uranium. By autumn that same year, a video for "Pure Hatred" debuted and gained substantial airplay on Headbangers Ball. With its intense, anthemic chorus, the song became a concert favorite with significant crowd participation. On November 16, 2004, "Pure Hatred" was also featured in the MythBusters episode "Exploding House" during the "talking to plants" segment.

Personnel
Chimaira
 * Mark Hunter – vocals, guitar on "Implements of Destruction"
 * Rob Arnold – lead guitar
 * Andols Herrick – drums
 * Matt DeVries – rhythm guitar
 * Chris Spicuzza – keyboards, electronics
 * Jim LaMarca – bass guitar

Additional musicians
 * Jason Hager – rhythm guitar (Reasoning the Impossible, tracks 3–9)
 * Ricky Evensend – live drums (Reasoning the Impossible, tracks 10–11)

Production
 * Ben Schigel – producer, engineer
 * Mark Hunter – producer
 * Rob Arnold – producer
 * Colin Richardson – mixing
 * Ted Jensen – mastering at Sterling Sound
 * Garrett Zunt – artwork

title: The Impossibility of Reason