text:
User:Citylover

My real name
Lukas Girtanner

born in 1979

My own Wiki
http://www.philosowiki.org

http://www.philosowiki.org/index.html

http://www.philosowiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page

On en.wikipedia (English language)

 * Citylover:
 * My userpage/username on en.wikipedia: Citylover: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Citylover
 * My edits under the username Citylover: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/Citylover
 * User:Testaccount23495:
 * User:Testaccount23495. I lost the password there, it was anyway only a one-time-test account in order to see how restricted the access to Wikipedia for registered users really is. I even created an article under the user-account User:Testaccount23495, but the article (quite a silly one, I have to say retrospectively) was deleted afterwards by administrators: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testarticle49234 or Testarticle49234. The content of the article was: User:Citylover/Testarticle49234.

On de.wikipedia (German language)

 * Citylover:
 * My userpage/username on de.wikipedia: Citlyover: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benutzer:Citylover
 * My edits under the username Citylover: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spezial:Contributions/Citylover

My account on WikiMedia

 * under the username Citylover (I have lost the password for this account in the meantime):
 * http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Citylover (unfortunately, I have lost the password of this account and cannot access it anymore)
 * My contributions on WikiMedia as Citylover: http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/Citylover (there will be no more contributions under the name Citylover unless an administrator or developer sends me my lost user password on WikiMedia)
 * under IP-adresses (since I have lost my password and have not created a new username on WikiMedia yet, I could/can only edit pages on WikiMedia under an IP-address)
 * 84.73.169.176 (the only IP-address so far):
 * http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/84.73.169.176

My account on WikiSpecies

 * My account: http://species.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Citylover

 * My contributions on WikiSpecies: http://species.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/Citylover

My other websites
http://www.reformpartei.ch

General suggestions for Wikipedia
'''How can we encourage people who occasionally read an article on Wikipedia and know for sure that some information is abolutely incorrect but do not dare or care to edit it? (for example people with a local knowledge or scientists unwilling to debate with Wikipedians?)''' Maybe there should be an additional box to tick/untick (like "This is a minor edit" or "Watch this page") before you save the page you just edited, especially designed for such people mentioned above: "I (almost) never edit Wikipedia but in this particular article I know for sure that the information in the previous version of the article was incorrect and I had to correct it." Like that, Wikipedians would know that despite a low editcount, this editor is an expert. -- Citylover 09:42, 18 September 2005 (UTC)

Wikipedia is ...
 Wikipedia — not only an encyclopedia but also collective memory being written every day ... ''Wikipedia is not only an encyclopedia, but it is also history and collective memory being written every day. As long as the edit-history of every single article is not deleted and remains available, it is also an important, concise, free and accessible archive of the past where you can have a look back for years or even decades. This aspect of Wikipedia may become more and more important, the longer Wikipedia exists and the better the Wikipedia-articles were already in the past. You begin to realise it when you reluctantly have to delete interesting and correct, but outdated content. (Almost) everything having happened in the year 2006 or later will be preserved in Wikipedia and retrospectively accessible for everybody. But also the editing process itself conveys information about the sociological and political implications of a topic: How often and how a page is or was edited reveals important meta-information about the topic covered by the article. Even page vandalism has its advantage: It shows - especially in retrospective - which topics are or were the most disputed and how creative they are or were discussed.'' -- Citylover 14:10, 14 September 2005 (UTC)

Slowdown report
General question: Wikipedia, especially the editing process of Wikipedia, is slowed down or even comes to an almost complete stillstand during several hours every day (from maybe 10.00 UTC to maybe 21.00 UTC). Is this only me who encounters this or also other people? Are the servers overloaded? -- Citylover 15:53, 14 September 2005 (UTC) I have not encountered this phenomenon for several days now. -- Citylover 11:08, 26 September 2005 (UTC)

Links to work with on Wikipedia
My personal linklist to work with on Wikipedia: http://www.electionworld.org/ http://www.worldstatesmen.org http://www.statoids.com/statoids.html http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=1126703423&lng=de&gln=xx&dat=32&srt=npan&col=aohdq&men=home&lng=en https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/ http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/outremer/front?id=outremer/les_elus_d_outre_mer_1121155786979 http://areciboweb.50megs.com/fotw/flags/index.html http://www.oceandots.com/ http://www.galenfrysinger.com/index.htm http://usarc.usgs.gov/antarctic_atlas/ http://www.getty.edu/research/conducting_research/vocabularies/tgn/?find=campbell&place=island&nation=&prev_page=1&english=Y http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=3807 http://www.ndsu.edu/subantarctic/antimap.htm http://www.antarctica.ac.uk/About_Antarctica/Heritage/Stations/index.html http://www.ausemade.com.au/qld/destination/w/whitsunday-group-of-islands.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_references and last but not least... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page -- Citylover 15:29, 14 September 2005 (UTC)

Accounts
Accounts: Mein Account in der deutschsprachigen Wikipedia unter dem Benutzernamen Citylover: My account in the German-language Wikipedia under the username Citylover: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benutzer:Citylover -- Citylover 11:37, 31. Aug 2005 (CEST)

Mein Account in der englischsprachigen Wikipedia unter dem Benutzernamen Citylover: My account in the English-language Wikipedia under the username Citylover: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Citylover -- Citylover 09:25, 7 September 2005 (UTC)

Editcount(iti?!)s
Editcounts: Mein Editcount unter dem Benutzernamen Citylover in der deutschsprachigen Wikipedia: My editcount under the username Citylover in the German-language Wikipedia: http://kohl.wikimedia.org/~kate/cgi-bin/count_edits?user=citylover&dbname=dewiki -- Citylover 09:31, 7 September 2005 (UTC)

Mein Editcount unter dem Benutzernamen Citylover in der englischsprachigen Wikipedia: My editcount under the username Citylover in the English-language Wikipedia: http://kohl.wikimedia.org/~kate/cgi-bin/count_edits?user=citylover&dbname=enwiki. -- Citylover 09:31, 7 September 2005 (UTC) Edits/page (avg): 3.01 on Monday morning, 26 September 2005. If this number is going to rise again, the lowest number would have been reached now. -- Citylover 11:08, 26 September 2005 (UTC)

Editlists Username
Username-Editlists: Auflistung der einzelnen Edits unter dem Benutzernamen Citylover in der deutschsprachigen Wikipedia: List of the particular edits under the username Citylover in the German-language Wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spezial:Contributions&target=Citylover&offset=0&limit=5000 -- Citylover 08:16, 31. Aug 2005 (CEST)

Auflistung der einzelnen Edits unter dem Benutzernamen Citylover in der englischsprachigen Wikipedia: List of the particular edits under the username Citylover in the English-language Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Contributions&target=Citylover&offset=0&limit=5000 -- Citylover 08:16, 31. Aug 2005 (CEST)

Editlists IP
IP-Editlists: Meine (früheren) Beiträge in der deutschsprachigen und in der englischsprachigen Wikipedia als nicht angemeldeter Benutzer (IP-Beiträge), chronologisch geordnet (gibt es eine Möglichkeit, wie ich meine früheren IP-Beiträge rückwirkend mit meinem neuen jetzigen Namen kennzeichnen kann?): My edits in the German- and English-language Wikipedia as an anonymous user (IP address only), sorted by date (how can you link these edits with my present username?): -- Citylover 20:51, 26. Aug 2005 (CEST).

Add the following numbers for edits made under a particular IP-address: 1 1 2 1 4 2 1 6 122 1 2 2 100 31 ... and you will get: 276, which means that I made 276 edits so far under an IP-address that I was able to find retrospectively. First edit at all: April 4, 2005. -- Citylover 10:51, 18 September 2005 (UTC)

1 Edit: 15.05.2006: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Contributions&target=84.73.161.31&offset=0&limit=5000 -- Citylover 16:06, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

1 Edit: 10.05.2006: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Contributions&target=84.73.167.58&offset=0&limit=5000 -- 84.73.161.31 16:02, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

2 Edits: 14.12.2005: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Contributions&target=84.73.169.176&offset=0&limit=5000 -- Citylover 13:26, 22 December 2005 (UTC)

1 Edit: 10.09.2005: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Contributions&target=217.162.71.173&offset=0&limit=5000 -- Citylover 19:43, 10 September 2005 (UTC)

4 Edits: 09.09.2005: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Contributions&target=84.72.187.101&offset=0&limit=5000 -- Citylover 16:08, 9 September 2005 (UTC)

2 Edits: 07.09.2005: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Contributions&target=84.72.187.52&offset=0&limit=5000 -- Citylover 12:56, 7 September 2005 (UTC)

1 Edit: 28.08.2005: http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spezial:Contributions&target=217.162.107.164&offset=0&limit=5000 -- Citylover 11:37, 31. Aug 2005 (CEST).

6 Edits: 26.08.2005: http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spezial:Contributions&target=84.72.187.151&offset=0&limit=5000 -- Citylover 12:55, 26. Aug 2005 (CEST).

122 Edits: 24.08.2005 — 25.08.2005: http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spezial:Contributions&target=217.162.70.244&offset=0&limit=5000 -- Citylover 12:55, 26. Aug 2005 (CEST).

IP-Diskussion / IP-Discussion / IP-Talk: 24.08.2005: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benutzer_Diskussion:217.162.70.244 -- Citylover 14:18, 28. Aug 2005 (CEST).

1 Edit: 25.07.2005: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Contributions&target=217.162.107.153&offset=0&limit=5000 -- Citylover 22:13, 6. Sep 2005 (CEST).

2 Edits: 16.06.2005: http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spezial:Contributions&target=217.162.65.196&offset=0&limit=5000 -- Citylover 12:55, 26. Aug 2005 (CEST).

2 Edits: 19.04.2005 und/and 15.05.2005: http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spezial:Contributions&target=84.72.60.138&offset=0&limit=5000 -- Citylover 12:55, 26. Aug 2005 (CEST).

100 Edits: 05.04.2005 — 10.04.2005: http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spezial:Contributions&target=217.162.69.44&offset=0&limit=5000 -- Citylover 12:55, 26. Aug 2005 (CEST).

31 Edits: 04.04.2005 — 05.04.2005 (April 2005): http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Contributions&target=217.162.69.44&offset=0&limit=5000 -- Citylover 21:09, 26. Aug 2005 (CEST).

Subpages
My Subpages:

 * User:Citylover/Workinprogress -- Citylover 14:34, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * User:Citylover/Workinprogress/Eubot -- Citylover 14:34, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * User:Citylover/Server malfunction alert for my server on www.philosowiki.org: Server malfunction alert for my server on www.philosowiki.org. -- Citylover 01:29, 1 February 2006 (UTC)
 * User:Citylover/Testarticle49234

title: User:Citylover


text:
Hymenocardiinae

Hymenocardiinae is a subtribe of the plant family Phyllanthaceae. It comprises 2 genera.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Hymenocardiinae


text:
LoadRunner

LoadRunner is a software testing tool from OpenText. It is used to test applications, measuring system behavior and performance under load.

LoadRunner can simulate millions of users concurrently using application software, recording and later analyzing the performance of key components of the application whilst under load.

LoadRunner simulates user activity by generating messages between application components or by simulating interactions with the user interface such as key presses or mouse movements. The messages and interactions to be generated are stored in scripts. LoadRunner can generate the scripts by recording them, such as logging HTTP requests between a client web browser and an application's web server.

Hewlett Packard Enterprise acquired LoadRunner as part of its acquisition of Mercury Interactive in November 2006. In Sept 2016, Hewlett Packard Enterprise announced it is selling its software business, including Mercury products, to Micro Focus. As of 01-Sept-2017, the acquisition was complete.

On Dec 12, 2019, Micro Focus announced newer names for LoadRunner package and started following CalVer.
 * LoadRunner is now LoadRunner Professional 2020
 * Performance Center is now LoadRunner Enterprise 2020
 * StormRunner Load is now LoadRunner Cloud 2020

Architecture
The key components of LoadRunner are:

 * Load Generator generates the load against the application by following scripts
 * VuGen (Virtual User Generator) for generating and editing scripts
 * Controller controls, launches and sequences instances of Load Generator - specifying which script to use, for how long etc. During runs the Controller receives real-time monitoring data and displays status.
 * Agent process manages connection between Controller and Load Generator instances.
 * Analysis assembles logs from various load generators and formats reports for visualization of run result data and monitoring data.

Modules are available to enable LoadRunner to capture, replay and script different application and networking technologies. These include support for:

 * applications using Microsoft .NET and Java
 * database servers such as Microsoft SQL Server and Oracle
 * internetworking protocols such as DNS, FTP and LDAP
 * e-mail protocols including IMAP, MAPI, POP3 & SMTP
 * remote client technologies such as Citrix ICA and RDP.

LoadRunner can be run standalone or multiple instances can pooled for use by several people under the control of LoadRunner Enterprise, formerly known as HP PerformanceCenter.

Scripting Languages
LoadRunner client emulation scripts are usually created using the ANSI C programming language. However, Java and .Net programs can also be run by LoadRunner. Version 12.50 added the use of JavaScript for Web-HTTP/HTML scripts.

Scripts from other testing tools such as Apache JMeter, Gatling, NUnit, and Selenium can be run by LoadRunner by declaring an interface library. This enables scripts to send key-value pairs to the Controller as the script runs, enabling response times to be associated with specific conditions such as the number of items displayed in the User Interface.

LoadRunner scripts can also be called from within Jenkins.

Support for JMeter Tests
LoadRunner 12.55 enables testers to run Apache JMeter scripts from Controller, alongside Vuser scripts can view the results to LoadRunner measurements. This feature is provided as beta version.

title: LoadRunner


text:
PMI-80

The PMI-80 was a single-board microcomputer produced by Tesla Piešťany, Czechoslovakia, since 1982. It was based on the MHB 8080A CPU (a Tesla clone of the Intel 8080), clocked at 1.111 MHz. Instead of a raster graphic display output and classical keyboard, it had a calculator-style nine-digit seven-segment red LED display and a 25-key calculator-type keypad with hexadecimal and function keys (including hardware REset and Interrupt). The PMI-80 had 1 KiB of ROM (expandable to 2 KiB) and fixed 1 KiB of RWM. Eight (expandable to 32) I/O lines were provided for user along with complete system bus. Connected could be e.g., a card with a DAC of 0–12 V range.

title: PMI-80


text:
Roger Knight

Roger David Verdon Knight (born 6 September 1946) is an English administrator, cricketer and schoolmaster. He was awarded the OBE in 2007. He is an Honorary Life Member of the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) and was President of the club from 2015 to 2016.

Background
He was born in Streatham, the son of the late David Verdon Knight, who was himself both an Old Alleynian and a graduate of St Catharine's College, Cambridge, and the late Thelma Patricia Knight. D.V. Knight was a master at Dulwich College where he was also the head of the junior boarding house Bell House.

Education
He was educated at Dulwich College and at St Catharine's College, Cambridge. He read Modern and Medieval Languages, earning a BA in 1969, MA in 1972 and a DipEd in 1971.

First-Class Cricket Career
He played first-class cricket for:
 * Cambridge University Cricket Club (blue) (1967–1970)
 * Surrey County Cricket Club (1968–1970) and (1978–1984) (Captain 1978–1983)
 * Gloucestershire County Cricket Club (1971–1975)
 * Sussex County Cricket Club (1976–1977)

Teaching career

 * Assistant Master at Eastbourne College (1970–1978)
 * Assistant Master at Dulwich College (1978–1983)
 * Housemaster at Cranleigh School (1983–1990)
 * Headmaster of Worksop College (1990–1993)

Administrative Appointments

 * Surrey County Cricket Club Cricket Committee (1984–1987)
 * Vice Chairman of the South East Region of the Sports Council (1985–1990)
 * Governor of the TVS Trust (1987–1992)
 * MCC Committee (1989–1992)
 * HMC Sports sub-committee (1991–1993)
 * Secretary of Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) (1994–2000)
 * President of the European Cricket Federation (1994–1997)
 * Governor of Rendcomb College (1995–1999)
 * ECB Management Board (1997–2006)
 * Governor of King's School, Taunton (1998 to date)
 * Chairman of Education Committee (The King's Schools, Taunton) (2004 to date)
 * Councillor of the London Playing Fields Society (1998–2002)
 * Secretary & Chief Executive of Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) (2000–2006)
 * Governor of Dulwich College (2004 to date)
 * Chairman of the European Cricket Council (2006 to date)
 * Chairman of the Board of the ECB Association of Cricket Officials (2008 to date)
 * President of Surrey County Cricket Club (2008–2009)
 * President of Marylebone Cricket Club (2015–2016)

Recreations

 * Cricket, tennis, bridge, piano music, 17th century French Literature

title: Roger Knight


text:
Martretia

Martretia is a genus of plants in the family Phyllanthaceae first described as a genus in 1907. It contains only one known species, Martretia quadricornis, native to western and central Africa from Sierra Leone to Zaire. It is dioecious, with male and female flowers on separate plants.

title: Martretia


text:
Party Mix!

Party Mix! is a remix album by American new wave band the B-52's, originally released in 1981 by Warner Bros. Records.

Background
The album was released between the band's second album, Wild Planet (1980), and their Mesopotamia EP (1982). It was devised as a stop-gap release by the band's manager, Gary Kurfirst, while the band was working on the Mesopotamia sessions.

On the original vinyl, the six-song collection featured songs from their first two albums remixed and sequenced to form two long tracks, one on each side. On the CD version, however, the six songs were their own individual tracks.

In 1991, Party Mix! and a 1990 remix version of Mesopotamia were combined and released as one CD in the US. In Europe, both albums were made available on separate CDs, with Mesopotamia retaining the original U.S. mix.

Commercial
Party Mix! spent 11 weeks on the Billboard 200, peaking at No. 55.

Critical
Robert Christgau of The Village Voice observed that the album's "implicit equation of party and disco offends old new-wavers, but at EP list for half an hour's music the extravagance is recommended." Trouser Press opined that the album was "functional for discos but antithetical to the B-52's' minimalist precepts."

In a retrospective review for AllMusic, William Ruhlmann stated, "Since the group's bouncy songs are already dance-ready, this makes for alternatives rather than real improvements, even from a dancefloor perspective."

Track listing
Side one
 * 1) "Party Out of Bounds" (Fred Schneider, Keith Strickland, Ricky Wilson, Cindy Wilson, Kate Pierson) – 5:12
 * 2) "Private Idaho" (Schneider, Strickland, R. Wilson, C. Wilson, Pierson) – 4:04
 * 3) "Give Me Back My Man" (Schneider, Strickland, R. Wilson, C. Wilson) – 7:02

Side two
 * 1) "Lava" (The B-52's) – 6:08
 * 2) "Dance This Mess Around" (The B-52's) – 2:59
 * 3) "52 Girls" (Jeremy Ayers, R. Wilson) – 2:58

 * Side one: original versions from Wild Planet (1980)
 * Side two: original versions from The B-52's (1979)

Personnel
Credits adapted from Party Mix / Mesopotamia CD liner notes.

 * Rhett Davies – producer (1–3)
 * The B-52's – producers (1–3)
 * Daniel Coulombe – remixing
 * Steven Stanley – remixing
 * Paul Wexler – remixing
 * Chris Blackwell – producer (4–6)
 * Robert Ash – associate producer (4–6)
 * Tony Wright – cover
 * Lynn Goldsmith – photograph

title: Party Mix!


text:
DELNI

DELNI may refer to:

 * Department for Employment and Learning of Northern Ireland, a defunct government department in Northern Ireland
 * Digital Ethernet Local Network Interconnect, a multiport Ethernet transceiver manufactured by Digital Equipment Corporation in the 1980s.

title: DELNI


text:
Phyllantheae

Phyllantheae is a tribe of the family Phyllanthaceae. The taxonomy of the group is not yet clear, and work continues (see Phyllanthus for more details). A recent revision based on nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequences divides the tribe into 6 subtribes and 18 genera.

title: Phyllantheae


text:
File:Rain 1932 film.jpg

summary
Rain (1932) theatrical poster source: http://www.movieposterdb.com/poster/1544669b

Fair use in Rain (1932 film)
Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because:
 * 1) It's a low resolution copy of a Film Poster / VHS or DVD Cover.
 * 2) It doesn't limit the copyright owner's rights to sell the film in any way, in fact, it may encourage sales.
 * 3) Because of the low resolution, copies could not be used to make illegal copies of the artwork/image.
 * 4) The image is itself a subject of discussion in the article or used in the infobox thereof.
 * 5) The image  is significant because it was used to promoted a notable film.

Source

 * 1) Derived from a digital capture (photo/scan) of the Film Poster/ VHS or DVD Cover (creator of this digital version is irrelevant as the copyright in all equivalent images is still held by the same party). Copyright held by the film company or the artist.  Claimed as fair use regardless.

title: File:Rain 1932 film.jpg


text:
Kenneth H. Jackson

Prof Kenneth Hurlstone Jackson CBE FRSE FSA DLitt (1 November 1909 – 20 February 1991) was an English linguist and a translator who specialised in the Celtic languages. He demonstrated how the text of the Ulster Cycle of tales, written circa AD 1100, preserves an oral tradition originating some six centuries earlier and reflects Celtic Irish society of the third and fourth century AD. His Celtic Miscellany is a popular standard.

In retirement, Jackson continued his work on place-names and Goidelic languages. However he suffered a stroke in 1984 that restricted his work.

An obituary was published in The Times on 8 March 1991 and in the journal Nomina.

Early life
Born at Beddington, Surrey, England, he was the son of Alan Stuart Jackson and his wife, Lucy Hurlstone.

His early education was at Hillcrest School, Wallington (1916–19), and then at Whitgift School in Croydon, from 1920 to 1928. He won an open scholarship to St John's College, Cambridge in 1928. He studied under Hector and Nora Chadwick, becoming fluent in six Celtic languages. At Cambridge he read Classics and then studied the early cultures of Ireland and Britain. He was then awarded a travelling scholarship during which he undertook study and fieldwork in Wales and Ireland. In the 1950s he spent his vacations recording dialects for the Linguistic Survey of Scotland.

Academic appointments
Jackson returned to Cambridge in 1934 as a lecturer in Celtic. In 1939 he went to Harvard University and was appointed an associate professor in 1940, being the first chair of the Department of Celtic Language and Literature. He undertook war service with the Uncommon Languages section of British censorship (where he said he learned Japanese in three weeks). Afterwards he went back to Harvard, and became a full professor in 1948. He accepted the chair of Celtic Languages, History and Antiquities at the University of Edinburgh, Scotland (1950–1979).

Publications
While at Edinburgh Jackson published articles and books on the ancient Celts, and the Dark Ages and Middle Ages, on all six modern Celtic languages, on folklore, placenames and dialects. A bibliography of his publications appears in Studia Celtica 14/14, pp 5–11 (1979–80). His writings are always insightful and stimulating, often the only sources in English for their subject, and even where the reader may wish to disagree with his conclusions, the weight of his erudition and mastery of the early Celtic material must be taken into account. It is scarcely possible to come across a publication or longer article on Celtic studies that does not refer to Professor Jackson's work. There is also the advantage for those not familiar with the Celtic languages that much of his work is in an English-language medium, although this can make an appreciation of Celtica rather unbalanced, as an understanding of sources in at least Welsh can help develop a larger picture, where different opinions are represented.

List of publications

 * 1935. Studies in Early Celtic Nature Poetry, Cambridge: University Press.
 * 1935. Early Welsh Gnomic Poems, Cardiff, University of Wales Press.
 * 1951, see below 1971
 * 1953. Language and History in Early Britain: a chronological survey of the Brittonic languages, first to twelfth century A.D., Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh Press.
 * 1955. "The Pictish Language" in F. T. Wainwright (ed.) The Problem of the Picts. Edinburgh.
 * 1955. Contributions to the Study of Manx Phonology, University of Edinburgh Linguistic Survey of Scotland Series.
 * 1959. "The Arthur of History" Arthurian Literature in the Middle Ages, Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-811588-1.
 * 1959. "Arthur in Early Welsh Verse" Arthurian Literature in the Middle Ages, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
 * 1961. "The international popular tale and early Welsh tradition" The Gregynog Lectures, 1961, Cardiff: University of Wales Press.
 * 1964. The Oldest Irish Tradition: a window on the Iron Age, Cambridge: University Press. Reprinted 1999.
 * 1967. A Historical Phonology of Breton, Dublin: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies ISBN 978-0-901282-53-8
 * 1969. The Gododdin: the Oldest Scottish poem, Edinburgh: University Press.
 * 1971. A Celtic Miscellany: Translations from the Celtic Literatures; revised ed. (The Penguin Classics; 247.) Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-044247-2 (first published by Routledge & Kegan Paul in 1951). Poetry and prose from six Celtic languages, Irlsh, Scottish Gaelic, Manx, Welsh, Cornish and Breton.
 * 1990. Aislinge Meic Con Glinne, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Dublin, ISBN 0-901282-94-4

Other activities
Jackson was a Fellow of the British Academy (elected 1957) and a Commissioner for the ancient and historical monuments of Scotland. He held honorary degrees from universities in England, Wales, Ireland and Brittany. He was appointed a CBE in 1985 for his work on Celtic studies. He was an Honorary Fellow of the Modern Language Association. He was a member of the Council of the English Placename Society for over forty years, being both vice-president and then President.

He gave the John Rhys Lecture at the British Academy in 1953 on Common Gaelic, and the 1964 Rede Lecture on The Oldest Irish Tradition.

In 1977 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were Douglas Grant, Evelyn Ebsworth, Neil Campbell, Arnold Beevers, and Sir Thomas Malcolm Knox. He retired in 1979.

Family
He married Janet Dall Galloway on 12 August 1936. Their two children, Alastar and Stephanie, were born in the United States but brought up in Scotland.

title: Kenneth H. Jackson


text:
Rebecca Heineman

Rebecca Ann Heineman is an American video game designer and programmer. Heineman was a founding member of video game companies Interplay Productions, Logicware, Contraband Entertainment, and Olde Sküül. She has been chief executive officer for Olde Sküül since 2013.

Early life
Rebecca Ann Heineman was born William Salvador Heineman on October 30, 1963, and raised in Whittier, California. When she was young, she could not afford to purchase games for her Atari 2600, so she taught herself how to copy cartridges and built herself a sizable pirated video game collection. Eventually, she became discontented with just copying games and reverse-engineered the console's code to understand how the games were made. In 1980, Heineman and a friend traveled to Los Angeles to compete in a regional branch of a national Space Invaders championship. Although she did not expect to fall under the top 100 contestants, she won the competition. Later that year, she also won the championship in New York. Heineman is hence considered to be the first national video game tournament champion.

Career
After she won the tournament, Heineman was offered a writing job for monthly magazine Electronic Games and a consultancy job for a book called How to Master Video Games. During this time, she mentioned to one magazine publisher that she had reverse-engineered Atari 2600 code, and the publisher arranged a meeting between Heineman and the owners of game publisher Avalon Hill. As she met with them, she was hired as a programmer instantaneously. Heineman, aged 16 at the time, moved across the U.S. for her new job, canceling her plans to acquire a high school diploma. At Avalon Hill, Heineman created a manual for the company's programming team, the studio's game engine, and the base code for several software projects, including her own first game, London Blitz, before leaving the company.

Heineman returned to California to work for another developer, Boone Corporation. For Boone, she programmed the games Chuck Norris Superkicks and Robin Hood, acquiring knowledge of programming for Commodore 64, Apple II, VIC-20 and IBM PCs, of video game hardware, as well as video game design. Boone ceased operations in 1983, so Heineman got together with Brian Fargo, Jay Patel and Troy Worrell, and the four founded Interplay Productions (later known as Interplay Entertainment). Heineman acted as lead programmer for the company, working on Wasteland, The Bard's Tale, Out of This World, and the Mac OS and 3DO ports of Wolfenstein 3D.

Heineman went on to design The Bard's Tale III: Thief of Fate, Dragon Wars, Tass Times in Tonetown, Borrowed Time, Mindshadow and The Tracer Sanction, among others, for Interplay. As the company grew to more than 500 employees, Heineman, wishing to return to her small-team roots, left the company in 1995 and co-founded Logicware, where she acted as chief technology officer and lead programmer. Aside from original games, Heineman oversaw the company's porting activities, which included Out of This World, Shattered Steel, Jazz Jackrabbit 2 and a canceled Mac OS port of Half-Life.

In 1999, Heineman founded Contraband Entertainment, operating as its chief executive officer. The company developed several original games alongside ports to various platforms for other developers. Projects led by Heineman include Myth III: The Wolf Age and Activision Anthology, and Mac OS ports for Aliens vs. Predator, Baldur's Gate II and  Heroes of Might and Magic IV. During this time, she also provided consultancy work directly for other companies: She acted as "Senior Engineer III" for Electronic Arts, upgraded engine code for Barking Lizards Technologies and Ubisoft, optimized code for Sensory Sweep Studios, acted as senior software architect for Bloomberg L.P. and Amazon, provided training on Xbox 360 development for Microsoft's development studios, and worked on the kernel code for the PlayStation Portable and PlayStation 4 at Sony. During her tenure at Amazon, Heineman was, in addition to her technological role, also the "Transgender Chair" of Amazon's LGBTQ+ group, known as Glamazon.

Contraband was wound down in 2013, and Heineman founded a new company, Olde Sküül, together with Jennell Jaquays, Maurine Starkey, and Susan Manley. At Olde Sküül, Heineman acts as CEO.

Personal life
Around 2003, Heineman was diagnosed with gender dysphoria and began transitioning to live as a woman. She formally changed her given name to Rebecca Ann. Since the transition, Heineman has been living as a lesbian. She has five children and was married to Jennell Jaquays until the death of the latter. Heineman resides in El Cerrito, California, where her company Olde Sküül is located.

Board service
Heineman has been part of the advisory board of the Video Game History Museum since 2011, and was part of the board of directors of LGBTQ+ organization GLAAD.

Accolades
Heineman is recognized as the first national video game tournament champion for winning the 1980 National Space Invaders Championship. Sailor Ranko, a Sailor Moon-based fanfiction comic by Heineman based on an earlier work written by Duncan Zillman, has won multiple awards. She also tried to qualify for the Fortnite World Cup. In 2017, she became an inductee for the International Video Game Hall of Fame.

Games

 * Robin Hood (1983, VIC-20 port)
 * Chuck Norris Superkicks (1984, C64/VIC-20 ports)
 * The Bard's Tale (1985)
 * Borrowed Time (1985)
 * Racing Destruction Set (1986, Atari 8-bit port)
 * Tass Times in Tonetown (1986)
 * The Bard's Tale III: Thief of Fate (1988)
 * Neuromancer (1988)
 * Crystal Quest (1989, Apple IIgs port)
 * Dragon Wars (1989)
 * Track Meet (1991)
 * RPM Racing (1991)
 * Another World (1992, SNES port)
 * Rescue Rover (1993, Apple IIgs port)
 * Interplay's 10 Year Anthology: Classic Collection (1993)
 * Ultima I: The First Age of Darkness (1994, Apple IIgs port)
 * Wolfenstein 3D (1995, Mac/3DO ports)
 * Kingdom: The Far Reaches (1995)
 * Doom (1996, 3DO port)
 * Killing Time (1996, PC port)
 * Defiance (1997)
 * Tempest 2000 (1998, Mac port)
 * Remington Top Shot: Interactive Target Shooting (1998)
 * Redneck Rampage (1999, Mac port)
 * Jazz Jackrabbit 2 (1999, Mac port)
 * Galactic Patrol (1999, Mac port)
 * Bugdom (1999)
 * Myth III: The Wolf Age (2001)
 * Baldur's Gate II: Shadows of Amn (2001, Mac port)
 * Nanosaur Extreme (2002)
 * Icewind Dale (2002, Mac port)
 * Hexen II (2002, Mac port)
 * Activision Anthology (2002)
 * Medal of Honor: Rising Sun (2003)
 * Pitfall: The Lost Expedition (2004)
 * Medal of Honor: Pacific Assault (2004)
 * GoldenEye: Rogue Agent (2004)
 * Medal of Honor: European Assault (2005)
 * Command & Conquer 3: Tiberium Wars (2007)
 * Alvin and the Chipmunks (2007)
 * Chip's Challenge (2015, Windows re-release)

title: Rebecca Heineman


text:
Wielandieae

Wielandieae is a tribe of the family Phyllanthaceae. It comprises 9 genera.

title: Wielandieae


text:
Talk:KTorrent

Icon
Where did the icon given in the article come from? It's not the one used on the ktorrent homepage or for the installed application. --70.178.175.2 05:43, 23 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Uploaded new version. Though someone might want to edit it some, it's rather wide. --SirNuke 05:54, 3 February 2006 (UTC)

Windows support?
They say it works for windows. I haven't read ONE success story on the web of it actually running half-decent or at all on windows. I say take down Windows as a supported OS. Abedia (talk) 04:14, 19 January 2009 (UTC)

It works for Windows, but seems to be very buggy. Especially it is impossible to download many files in parallel, because this will fail with the message "error: can't open file. too many open files.". Other non-fatal problems also occur. And the memory footprint is quite big, because on Windows it has to load many dependencies already loaded under Linux etc. Therefore I think Windows should be in the supported OS list, but the problems should probably be mentioned in the article. A.J.Jung (talk) 13:43, 14 February 2010 (UTC)

Windows is not supported any more, at least not via any official installer. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.139.81.0 (talk) 10:52, 19 March 2012 (UTC)

Unknown project home page
The link to the project homepage appears to be dead. I haven't been able to find out where it lives now. — Preceding unsigned comment added by RossBoylan (talk • contribs) 23:36, 22 November 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:KTorrent


text:
Hot (Mel B album)

Hot is the debut album by the English singer-songwriter Mel B, released on 9 October 2000 by Virgin. It was not as successful as her albums with the Spice Girls or that of other members' solo albums released around this time. It peaked at number twenty-eight in the United Kingdom and sold over 60,000 copies, receiving a silver certification. The album spawned three singles: "Tell Me", "Feels So Good" and "Lullaby" – the first two singles reached the top 5 in the United Kingdom. "I Want You Back" and "Word Up", previously released for soundtracks two years earlier, were included in different versions of the album. The album received mixed reviews from critics.

Background
The album was released on 9 October 2000, less than a month before the release of Forever, the third studio album by the Spice Girls; this is cited as the main reason that Hot was not successful: fans were more interested in the Spice Girls comeback album rather than Melanie B's debut album. Despite being released only two weeks after the top-five hit "Tell Me" and including single "I Want You Back", Hot entered the UK Albums Chart at number 28 selling 7,500 copies before quickly dropping from the chart completely. Hot was digitally released in the United States via the iTunes Store on 30 October 2007.

Four months after the album's release, the single "Feels So Good" was released, becoming a top 5 hit. This single helped the album re-enter the UK Albums Chart. The last single, "Lullaby" was released in June 2001, but was unable to make a great impact on album sales, therefore Hot re-entered the Top 200 for only one week. Altogether the album went on to sell over 53,000 copies. The track "Hotter" was set to be the album's fifth single, however, this was decided against because of the low charting of "Lullaby".

Singles
The lead single from the album, "Tell Me" was released on 25 September 2000. It debuted and peaked at No. 4, selling 107,317 copies. "Feels So Good" was released as the album's second single on 19 February 2001. In the United Kingdom, it peaked and debuted at number five, becoming the 85th-best-selling single of 2001. Released on 4 June 2001 as the album's final single, "Lullaby" peaked at number 13 on the UK Singles Chart.

Other songs
"I Want You Back" was released in 1998 from the soundtrack to the 1998 film Why Do Fools Fall in Love and, after, included on Hot. The song peaked at number-one on the UK Singles Chart and consequently Missy Elliott became the first female rapper to reach number one in the UK.

"Word Up" was released from the soundtrack of the film Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me and was included on the Japanese version of Hot.

title: Hot (Mel B album)


text:
Gábor Döbrentei

Gábor Döbrentei (1 December 1785 – 28 March 1851) was a Hungarian philologist and antiquary.

Background
He was born in a city in the Kingdom of Hungary called Somlószőlős. As the son of itinerant Lutheran preacher Lajos Döbrentey, his early schooling was in Pápa; he remained in grammar school in Sopron on the Austrian border until 1805. For most of his life he lived in what was then the Austrian Empiure.

He completed his studies at the universities of Wittenberg and Leipzig, and was afterwards engaged as a tutor in Transylvania. In 1814 he originated and edited the Erdélyi Muzeum, which, notwithstanding its important influence on the development of Hungarian language and literature, soon failed for want of support. In 1820, Döbrentei settled at Pest, and there he spent the rest of his life.

He held various official posts, but continued zealously to pursue the studies for which he had early shown a strong preference. His great work is the Ancient Monuments of the Magyar Language (Régi Magyar Nyelvemlékek), the editing of which was entrusted to him by the Hungarian Academy. The first volume was published in 1838, and the fifth was in preparation at the time of his death.

Döbrentei was one of the twenty-two scholars appointed in 1825 to plan and organize, under the presidency of Count Teleki, the Hungarian Academy. In addition to his great work he wrote many valuable papers on historical and philological subjects, and many biographical notices of eminent Hungarians. These appeared in the Hungarian translation of Brockhaus's Conversations-Lexikon.

He translated into Hungarian Macbeth and other plays of Shakespeare, Sterne's Letters from Yorick to Eliza (1828), several of Schiller's tragedies, and Molière's A vare, and wrote several original poems.

Döbrentei does not appear to have taken any part in the revolutionary movement of 1848. He died at his country house, near Pest.

title: Gábor Döbrentei


text:
Talk:Sergei Gurenko

Name
With all respect, article name should be Sergei Gurenko. He has been never and by nobody called Siarhej Hurenka ("Па Вашым запыце - Siarhiej Hurenka - ня знойдзена ніводнага дакумэнта" (c) Google), while he is always referred as "Sergei Gurenko", in his italian times, now in Lokomotiv international games, and in Belarusian national team.

So I revert name changes. --Monkbel 12:20, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

Somehow they spell the first name as Siarhei not Siarhiej (as it should've been in proper Lacinka). The Belarusian version of his last name is used. I'm surprised you did not notice that.

--rydel 12:55, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) 25 pages with "Hurenka" on Google
 * 2) That's what was written on his shirt in Spanish or Italian league (I forgot which one, because I don't watch that much sports on TV, but I saw him in a jersey with "Hurenka" written on it)
 * 3) A couple days ago I watched some Lokomotiv game on Eurosport, and on the rooster they spelled his name as Hurenka.
 * 4) Finally, I'm pretty sure that's what it says in his passport.

 * it is really interesting... especially jersey and eurosport arguments. If there could be any screenshot :). I support including of both names, with more well-known being the base one. --Monkbel 21:22, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * and, you didn't answer my contact query :(. --Monkbel 21:22, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I added 'Syarhey Hurenka' which is now a very popular form of his name. Not sure if I wanna go through with renaming him though. Ivario (talk) 21:29, 8 June 2021 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
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I have just modified one external link on Sergei Gurenko. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
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title: Talk:Sergei Gurenko


text:
Homi Motivala

Homi Dady Motivala (born 18 June 1958) is an Indian sportsperson in Yachting.

He received the Arjuna award for best performance in yachting for the year 1993, the Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna award jointly with P. K. Garg for overall best performance in sports for the year 1994–95 and the Dronacharya Award for "Coaching excellence in Yachting" for the year 2002. Together with Garg, he won the bronze medal in the enterprise class at the 1990 and 1994 Asian Games held at Beijing and Hiroshima respectively. They were also the world champions in the same class in 1993.

Motivala holds the rank of Commander with the Indian Navy. He received its gallantry award, the Shaurya Chakra, in 1983.

title: Homi Motivala


text:
Baemi

The Baemi or Baimoi (Ancient Greek Βαῖμοι), were a large Germanic people who are only known by their mention in Ptolemy's Geography. He described them as living on the north side of the Danube, south of the Luna forest and iron mines, with the Quadi still further north and the Hercynian forest above them. West of the Baemi on the Danube were the Adrabaecampi, who had the Sudini north of them, the Marcomanni still further north, and a forest called the Gabreta north of them. This would place them in or around modern Slovakia, Moravia and Lower Austria.

Commentators generally compare their name to another one found in the same text (but located further north), the "Bainochaimai". And both terms are considered related to references to similar terms in older authors, Strabo and Tacitus, who were both referring to a place rather than an ethnic group.

Strabo described Boihaemum, as the domain of Marabodus, the king of the Marcomanni, within the Hercynian forest, in the south of Germany, among the hills or mountains north of the Danube (which are not yet as big as the Alps further south). He had moved some of his Suebian people as safe base for his kingdom."...is the Hercynian Forest, and also the tribes of the Suevi, some of which dwell inside the forest, as, for instance, the tribes of the Coldui, in whose territory is Boihaemum, the domain of Marabodus, the place whither he caused to migrate, not only several other peoples, but in particular the Marcomanni, his fellow-tribesmen; for after his return from Rome this man, who before had been only a private citizen, was placed in charge of the affairs of state, for, as a youth he had been at Rome and had enjoyed the favor of Augustus, and on his return he took the rulership and acquired, in addition to the peoples aforementioned, the Lugii (a large tribe), the Zumi, the Butones, the Mugilones, the Sibini, and also the Semnones, a large tribe of the Suevi themselves."

Tacitus describes Boiemum in the same region, and specifically says that this name derived from the more ancient Celtic tribe, the Boii, who had lived there in the past. The second element of these names is thought to derive from an old Germanic term meaning "home of", reflected in the modern German Heim, English "home". (See *haimaz.) The complete term would therefore mean "the place where the Boii lived".

These terms survive today in the modern name Bohemia, and more generally the name of the Boii survives not only in "Bohemia" but also in the name of the neighbouring German region of Bavaria.

title: Baemi


text: User talk:Vanished user ksjfi43tijudfs

title: User talk:Vanished user ksjfi43tijudfs


text:
User talk:Exesteam

ExesTeam

ExesTeam is not a team really. The name comes from executables + team. ExesTeam had only one member. The whole team is now down. The website address was http://www.exesteam.co.nr

title: User talk:Exesteam


text:
Wikipedia:Account suspensions/Lapsed Pacifist

Lapsed Pacifist

 * 21:52, August 31, 2005 Jtdirl blocked "User:Lapsed Pacifist" with an expiry time of 60 hours (repeat doctoring of a growing range of articles to insert POVs despite numerous appeals from users to stop. (At least 3rd block at this stage, hence 60 hours))
 * 12:12, August 28, 2005 Talrias blocked "User:Lapsed Pacifist" with an expiry time of 24 hours (Inserting POV material into various articles (Eamon de Valera, Sinn Féin, and others); revert-warring over inclusion of this material.)
 * 02:39, July 28, 2005 Jtdirl blocked "User:Lapsed Pacifist" with an expiry time of 3 days (User is engaged in edit wars all over the place, has already been blocked for breaking the 3RR rule and been warned he would be blocked if he continued as before.)
 * 06:36, July 25, 2005 Jtdirl blocked "User:Lapsed Pacifist" with an expiry time of 24 hours (multiple breach of 3RR rule on articles)
 * 01:06, July 19, 2005 Thryduulf blocked "User:Lapsed Pacifist" with an expiry time of 24 hours (3RR violation on The Sword of the Prophet. Has been warned at least once.)


text:
User:Joshurtree/monobook.js

//

importScript('User:Joshurtree/test.js'); importScript('Wikipedia:WikiProject User scripts/Scripts/qSig'); //

title: User:Joshurtree/monobook.js


text:
Mirror (1975 film)

Mirror (Зеркало) is a 1975 Soviet drama film directed by Andrei Tarkovsky. It is loosely autobiographical, unconventionally structured, and incorporates poems composed and read by the director's father, Arseny Tarkovsky. The film features Margarita Terekhova, Ignat Daniltsev, Alla Demidova, Anatoly Solonitsyn, Tarkovsky's wife Larisa Tarkovskaya and his mother Maria Vishnyakova. Innokenty Smoktunovsky provides voiceover and Eduard Artemyev the incidental music and sound effects.

Mirror is structured in the form of a nonlinear narrative, with its main concept dating back to 1964 and undergoing multiple scripted versions by Tarkovsky and Aleksandr Misharin. It unfolds around memories recalled by a dying poet of key moments in his life and in Soviet culture. The film combines contemporary scenes with childhood memories, dreams, and newsreel footage. Its cinematography slips between color, black-and-white, and sepia. The film's loose flow of oneiric images has been compared with the stream of consciousness technique associated with modernist literature.

Mirror initially polarized critics and audiences, with many finding its narrative incomprehensible. Since its release, it has been reappraised as one of the greatest films of all time, as well as Tarkovsky's magnum opus. It has especially found favor with many Russians, for whom it remains their most beloved of Tarkovsky's works.

Structure and content
Mirror depicts the thoughts, emotions and memories of Aleksei, or Alyosha (Ignat Daniltsev), and the world around him as a child, adolescent, and 40-year-old. The adult Aleksei is only briefly glimpsed, but is present as a voice-over in some scenes including substantial dialogue. The film's structure is discontinuous and nonchronological, without a conventional plot, and combines incidents, dreams, memories, and newsreel footage. The film switches among three different timeframes: prewar (1935), wartime (1940s), and postwar (1960s or '70s).

Mirror draws heavily on Tarkovsky's own childhood. Memories such as the evacuation from Moscow to the countryside during the war, a withdrawn father and his own mother, who worked as a proofreader at a printing press, feature prominently.

Synopsis
The film opens with Aleksei's adolescent son Ignat switching on a television and watching the examination of a man with a stutter by a physician who finally manages to make her patient say without disruption: "I can talk". After the opening titles, a scene is set in the countryside during prewar times in which Aleksei's mother Maria, also called Masha and Marusya, speaks with a doctor who chances to be passing by. The exterior and interior of Aleksei's grandfather's country house are seen. The young Aleksei, his mother, and sister watch as the family barn burns down. In a dream sequence, Maria is washing her hair.

In the postwar time frame, Aleksei is heard talking with his mother on the phone while rooms of an apartment are seen. Switching back to the prewar time frame, Maria is seen rushing frantically to her workplace as a proofreader at a printing press. She is worried about a mistake she may have overlooked, but is comforted by her colleague Liza (Alla Demidova), who then seemingly reduces her to tears with withering criticism. Back in the postwar period, Aleksei quarrels with his ex-wife, Natalia, who has divorced him and is living with their son Ignat. This is followed by newsreel scenes from the Spanish Civil War and of a balloon ascent in the U.S.S.R.

In the next scene, in Aleksei's apartment, Ignat meets with a strange woman sitting at a table. At her request, Ignat reads a passage from a letter by Pushkin and receives a telephone call from his father Aleksei. Ignat answers a knock at the door, which turns out to be a woman who says she has the wrong apartment. When Ignat returns to the woman at the table, she has vanished, though the condensation from her teacup momentarily remains. Switching to wartime, the adolescent Aleksei is seen undergoing rifle training with a dour instructor, intercut with newsreel footage of World War II and the Sino-Soviet border conflict. Before the war, Maria visits her neighbor with Aleksei to seek toiletries. The woman introduces Maria to her son and requests she slaughter a cockerel, which she does.

Aleksei and his sister reunite with their father at the war's end. The film then returns to the quarrel between Aleksei and his wife in the postwar sequence. Switching again to prewar time, vistas of the country house and surrounding countryside are followed by a dreamlike sequence showing a levitating Maria. The film then moves to the postwar time, showing Aleksei apparently on his deathbed with a mysterious malady and holding a small bird. The final scene is in the prewar time frame, showing a pregnant Maria intercut with scenes showing Maria young and old.

Cast
Several of the characters are played by the same actors.
 * Filipp Yankovsky as the child Aleksei
 * Ignat Daniltsev as the adolescent Aleksei and Ignat, Aleksei's son
 * Innokenty Smoktunovsky as the adult Aleksei (voice only)
 * Margarita Terekhova as the young Maria/Masha/Marusya (Aleksei's mother) and Natalia (Aleksei's wife)
 * Maria Vishnyakova (Tarkovsky's real-life mother) as the elderly Maria
 * Oleg Yankovsky as Aleksei's father
 * Alla Demidova as Liza, Maria's friend at printing house
 * Anatoly Solonitsyn as forensic doctor, the passerby
 * Nikolai Grinko as printing house director
 * Yuriy Nazarov as military instructor
 * Tamara Ogorodnikova as nanny and strange woman at the tea table
 * Larisa Tarkovskaya as Nadezhda, Aleksei's neighbor
 * Arseny Tarkovsky as narrator/poet (voice only)
 * Olga Kizilova as the redhead

Themes and interpretation
While highly acclaimed, Mirror continues to be viewed as enigmatic. Natasha Synessios wrote that it is closer in structure to a musical piece than a narrative film, noting that Tarkovsky "always maintained that he used the laws of music as the film's organisational principle...emphasis placed not on the logic, but the form, of the flow of events." Critic Antti Alanen called the film a "space odyssey into the interior of the psyche" and Tarkovsky's own personalized version of Marcel Proust's In Search of Lost Time. Howard Hampton argued that the work's central subject is "the inescapable persistence of the past".

Writing
The concept of Mirror dates to 1964, when Tarkovsky wrote down his idea for a film about the dreams and memories of a man, without the man appearing on screen. The first episodes of Mirror were written while Tarkovsky was working on Andrei Rublev. These episodes were published in 1970 as a short story titled A White Day. The title was taken from a 1942 poem by his father, Arseny Tarkovsky. In 1968, after finishing Andrei Rublev, Tarkovsky went to the cinematographer's resort in Repino intending to write the script for The Mirror with Aleksandr Misharin. This script was titled Confession and was proposed to the film committee at Goskino. Although it contained popular themes such as a heroic mother, the war, and patriotism, the proposal was rejected. The main reason was most likely the complex and unconventional script. Moreover, Tarkovsky and Misharin clearly stated that they did not know what the film's final form would be; this was to be determined in the process of filming.

With the script rejected by the film committee, Tarkovsky went on to make the film Solaris. But his diary entries show that he was still eager to make the film. Finally, the new head of Goskino, Filipp Ermash, approved the script in the summer of 1973. Tarkovsky was given a budget of 622,000 Rbls and 7,500 metres (24,606 feet) of Kodak film, corresponding to 110 minutes, or roughly three takes, assuming a film length of 3,000 metres (10,000 feet).

Several versions of the script for Mirror exist, as Tarkovsky constantly rewrote parts of it, with the latest variant written in 1974 while he was in Italy. One scene that was in the script but removed during shooting was an interview with his mother. Tarkovsky wanted to use a hidden camera to interview her on the pretext that it was research for the film. This scene was one of the main reasons Vadim Yusov, the cameraman for all of Tarkovsky's previous films, refused to work with him on this film. At various times, the script and the film were titled Confession, Redemption, Martyrology, Why are you standing so far away?, The Raging Stream and A White, White Day (sometimes also translated as A Bright, Bright Day). While filming, Tarkovsky decided to title the film Mirror. The film features several mirrors, with some scenes shot in reflection.

A poster of Tarkovsky's 1969 film Andrei Rublev is seen on a wall. Mirror is the third film in a series in which Tarkovsky references Andrei Rublev, along with his eponymous 1969 film and Solaris (1972), in which a bust of the painter is seen in the main character's room.

Casting
Initially, Tarkovsky considered Alla Demidova and Swedish actress Bibi Andersson for the role of the mother. In the end, he chose Margarita Terekhova.

Filming
Principal photography began in July 1973 and ended in March 1974. Outdoor scenes were shot in Tutshkovo, near Moscow, and indoor scenes were shot at the Mosfilm studio. The film's naturalist style required Terekhova to forego makeup.

Editing
Tarkovsky said that a "prodigious amount of work went into editing Mirror". There are about 200 shots in Mirror, very few for a film of its length. Tarkovsky rejected editing as a means of creating, or determining, rhythm, believing that editing "means allowing the separate scenes and shots to come together spontaneously". It was only after "one last, desperate rearrangement" that the "film was born". He felt it was a "miracle" that Mirror held together.

In July 1974, Filipp Ermash rejected the film as incomprehensible. Tarkovsky was infuriated by the rejection and toyed with the idea of making a film outside the Soviet Union. Goskino ultimately approved Mirror without any changes in fall 1974.

Release
Some controversy surrounded the film's poorly planned release at the Cannes Film Festival. Goskino did not allow it to be shown. But the festival's managing director, Maurice Bessy, was sympathetic to Tarkovsky, and upon hearing that Mirror was not allowed to be shown, he threatened not to show any other Soviet film. Mirror never had an official premiere, only a limited, second-category release with just 73 copies. It was officially announced for September 1975, but was shown as early as March 1975.

Reception
Mirror has an approval rating of 100% on review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, based on 26 reviews, and an average rating of 9.2/10. Metacritic assigned the film a weighted average score of 82 out of 100, based on 14 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".

When Mosfilm critics were asked in November 1974 to evaluate Mirror, responses were divided. Some viewed it as a major work that would be better understood by future generations; others dismissed it as an unfocused failure and believed that even more cultured viewers would find its story opaque. This resulted in very limited distribution. Many audience members walked out of theatrical screenings, but those who liked the film were ardent in their praise. In a 1975 New York Times article, James F. Clarity wrote, "in the first round of published reviews, in which some of Mr. Tarkovsky's fellow film makers evaluated his new work, there is much praise, tempered with criticism of some parts of the film."

Legacy
Mirror is frequently listed among the greatest films of all time. In a 2012 Sight & Sound directors' poll, Mirror ranked as the ninth greatest film of all time. In a parallel poll by film critics, the film ranks 19th. In the same poll in 2022, Mirror was ranked eighth by directors and 31st by critics. Filmmaker Ashim Ahluwalia included the film in his personal top ten (for The Sight & Sound Top 50 Greatest Films of All Time poll), writing: "Mirror offers epic hypnotherapy and some of the most beautiful celluloid ever shot." For the same poll, Will Self argued that it remains "the most beautiful film ever made". Peter Bradshaw of The Guardian called it "a startling piece of film-making" and many of its images "transcendentally brilliant". In the British Film Institute, the film is billed as "a work of cumulative, rhythmic effect" and its unconventional narrative is credited with having "pioneered a poetic and richly allusive form." Director Michael Haneke voted for Mirror in the 2002 Sight & Sound directors' poll (where the film ranked 16th) and later said that he has seen it at least 25 times. In the 2002 Critics poll it ranked 35th. In 2018 the film ranked 20th on the BBC's list of the 100 greatest foreign-language films, as voted on by 209 film critics from 43 countries.

Mirror was cited by director Christopher Nolan as an influence on his 2023 film Oppenheimer, particularly in regards to cinematography.

title: Mirror (1975 film)


text:
Talk:2005 European floods

Title
What about 2005 European floods? The singular form makes it sound too much like Atlantis, like one huge flood overtook the whole continent.--Pharos 12:29, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Agreed, and just about to move... -Wangi 14:12, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

What about causation? Is this connected (as seems plausible) with the thawing of the Alps due to global warming, and is this disputed? Anyone know? Paul Magnussen 18:20, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

 * In Romania, there has been widespread media coverage on the effect of the floods, with President Băsescu himself saying that Romania would need to make changes to adapt to the "new global climate". So yes, it's been blamed on global warming mostly. Ronline 08:18, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Austrian media regularly suggest that we are seeing flooding more often because of global warning. But I don't think this is usually linked to the glaciers. Martg76 15:31, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

Moved to August 2005
I've moved it to August 2005 because this article only talks about that period. Romania (and Bulgaria, and some other countries) faced flooding before that, some of it quite significant, which should be covered in separate articles. Ronline 08:19, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree with whoever moved it back - if there are articles about those other floods then maybe; if there are further major floods this year then maybe... But as it stands keep it where it is. Wangi 09:46, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

Damage estimates
Aren't there any monetary estimates for other countries or the entire event? All I see is 5 million lei unreadable character 1.5 million for Romania which isn't helpful. Rmhermen 17:57, September 1, 2005 (UTC)

 * The unreadable character is the euro sign. Doesn't come up as the euro sign on your computer? So yeah, the damage is about 1.5 million euro. Ronline 08:09, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

Which river flows through Târgu Mureş?
Someone in the 2005 European floods article said: "The city of Târgu Mureş, an important regional centre, was also affected by the rising of waters on the Târnava river, even though there wasn't a significant amount of damage caused to infrastructure." Well, Târgu Mureş is located in the valley of the Mureş river, maybe the author would like to say Mureş county, not Târgu Mureş. The Târnava river traverses that county, but I don't know if there was floods or not, so I can not make corrections to the article. So, please, be more punctual.

Dead link
During several automated bot runs the following external link was found to be unavailable. Please check if the link is in fact down and fix or remove it in that case!

 * http://www.gandul.info/2005-08-22/infernul_s_a_mutat
 * In 2005 European floods on 2011-05-25 07:58:33, 404 Not Found
 * In 2005 European floods on 2011-06-12 01:08:21, 404 Not Found

--JeffGBot (talk) 01:08, 12 June 2011 (UTC)

Dead link 2
During several automated bot runs the following external link was found to be unavailable. Please check if the link is in fact down and fix or remove it in that case!

 * http://www.gardianul.ro/index.php?a=societate2005082501.xml
 * In 2005 European floods on 2011-05-25 07:58:33, Socket Error: 'getaddrinfo failed'
 * In 2005 European floods on 2011-06-12 01:08:31, Socket Error: 'getaddrinfo failed'

--JeffGBot (talk) 01:09, 12 June 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:2005 European floods


text:
Talk:Energy vampire

Responses to new space
Im really pleased there is the space for unverified material, opinions are still educational, even re energy vampires of which I know a few and all help is welcome! (unsigned, but by User:81.151.99.238)
 * Actually, no, there is no space for unverified material and opinions are not really educational. See the Verifiability policy. This article is a mess, and everything that isn't supported by sources and facts needs to be taken out. At this rate most of the article will be gone. DreamGuy 16:59, August 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * If this is the case, the whole article should be deleted; The mere existance of "Energy Vampires" can in no way, shape, or form be verified, and in certain groups it is alleged (rightly wrongly or indirfrently) that "energy vampires" are just a form of mind control. 65.102.43.164 (talk) 18:53, 4 September 2009 (UTC)A REDDSON
 * This article needs to be cleaned up, but it's a reasonably encyclopedic subject that recurs repeatedly in various cultures, such as the Japanese obakeneko. References to folklore and legends are more appropriately described as "sourced" rather than "verified" and should be interpreted in that context. Some of the external links are highly dubious. Zigamorph 17:10 UTC October 3, 2005
 * Unverified material and opinions/beliefs are present on EVERY page relating/referring to all religious topics. Clearly the verifiability policy is lax at best in these areas.  Ron Pinz 16:13 UTC October 31, 2005
 * Not so. Please see Verifiability for how the term is used in this context. DreamGuy 22:49, 31 October 2005 (UTC)

Can we find where the term "Psychic Vampire" originated from? and can we change the link from "Energy Vampire" to "Psychic Vampires", which is the more commonly used phrase? The cultural signifigance of mythological creatures that feed off energy is irrelevent. Psychic Vampires have had their Chakra damaged or removed, or altered, (depending on who you ask) which has resulted in them being incapable of producing their own energy, how this is done, can we find that out? Luciferous Luna 17:20, 20 December 2006 (UTC)

 * All "Pshychic vampires" are "energy vampires" but not the other way around so this is a catch all for both. Most of the above discussion is pretty old and refers to a version of the article that existsted before I cleaned it up and removed the inappropritate material. NeoFreak 17:30, 20 December 2006 (UTC)

African emotional vampire sentence removal

 * i removed a sentence about "the emotional vampire idea is more common in africa etc". i usually dont like to simply delete a sentence but this needs a source. if someone can try to present the thought in a more specific way go for it... Spencerk 21:47, 2 November 2005 (UTC)

Less literal meaning?...
I've often heard the term used when there wasn't neccesarilly any supernatrual powers implied. People can be emotional/psychological "vampires" such that when you interact with them they leave you feeling totally worn out and drained! Quite common, in my experience, with people who have depression, manic d, and other mental illness, who take advantage of other people's compassion and get off on dragging them down. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 172.155.56.171 (talk • contribs) 27. September 2005
 * Added a section on 'emotional vampires.'  — Preceding unsigned comment added by Raveled (talk • contribs) 07:15, 12 October 2005

Hello I believe I know how energy vampires operate. I have been reading emotional intelligence. This books states if a dominant person has a certain mood this can be transferred to the other person I believe that this may be partly an evolutionary hangup used before the speaking brain came into being for the purpose of communicating our mood to others. When our mood is communicated to others in this way they become aware of changes and possible threats in the external environment. This change in perception due to the other person probably owes something in part to the unconciously mimicing of the dominant persons body language. In the case of a depressed person the individual having a disscussion with them will tune into unconcious cues and receive the feeling from the depressed person in turn the depressed person will on some level receive some of the energy from their interaction with the other person. This leaves the depressed person feeling slightly more elated and the non-depressed individual drained. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.111.149.252 (talk • contribs) 0:13, 28 October 2005

People who are emotional vampires do not necessarily do it conciously. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.111.149.25 (talk • contribs) 20:19, 28 October 2005

 * In the name of Isaac Newton, I banish thee. I am amazed this article has not been deleted.   Tempshill 06:23, 7 November 2005 (UTC)
 * I've also heard this term used in a less literal way, not only to describe situations as per the top of this section, but also to describe people who like to dwell on or dig into the problems or vulnerabilities of others. They often appear sympathetic or come in the guise of problem solvers, but they actually wallow in other people's misery, and seem to get their victims more stuck in the problems rather than solving or salving them. Maybe they should be called schadenfreude vampires ;-). --Anchoress 08:04, 23 May 2006 (UTC)

Fact pass
I called it folklore and added several "allegedly"s to try and make it clear that this is a very badly sourced article. "Numerous" cultures? Really? Which ones? The only named culture that has this concept is the Hopi, and the stated source for that is Powaqaatsi, which is as New Agey as they come. Cite sources please when adding to this article! And be specific! Tempshill 06:29, 7 November 2005 (UTC)

Folklore
"Psychic vampire" is a modern term used by new agers. It has not historical value and must not be linked to anything else. If you want to make an article about the notion of psychic vampires in the beliefs of the church of Satan and the "new age" movement, then yes it's alright. But the current article has no value at all. In more down to earth terms, a psychic vampire is just someone who wants attention (like a depressed person) but doesn't want to improve so they waste the other person's real energy and time. It's more of a slang word thant something special. Bragador 23:11, 19 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Although it is fairly late to comment for any real conversation, the historical usage of the word alone does not diminish the potential phenomena. Homosexuality, for example, is a fairly modern word to explain a condition of life that appears to have always existed.  Just because the Greeks, Romans, Vedic Indians (etc) didn't use such specific wording doesn't mean the concept is a completely modern one.  No, instead, it is just the term to describe the concept.  74.77.124.236 (talk) 21:05, 11 December 2007 (UTC)

Copied/Pasted from Talk:Psychic vampire -- original page
Each such creature would have a name in each culture. Knowing the names might give us a clue to how much of this is real folklore, and whether any is is ersatz. Wetman 09:36, 29 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * They might have different names in different cultures but I'm quite familiar with this phenomenon. --Daniel C. Boyer 18:37, 29 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * (Uh-oh, just as I feared. Check the use history of User:Daniel C. Boyer. Notice that no actual name of a "psychic vampire" is offered for any culture. Isn't this entry bogus? Wetman 06:06, 1 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * What on earth are you getting at with "use history of User:Daniel C. Boyer"? What are you even talking about?  --Daniel C. Boyer 17:31, 2 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Psychic vampire survived vfd. See: Votes for deletion/Psychic vampire -- Wile E. Heresiarch 15:46, 10 Oct 2004 (UTC)

I would point to the House Kheperu website, and The Psychic Vampire Codex (ISBN 1578633214), written by Michelle Belanger as good starting points to fill in this stub. Thanks for reading.

The stub was replaced with the following text. Besides being POV, most of it is about people thinking they are sanguinarian vampires, and the vampire subculture as a whole, not specifically psychic vampirism. I put it here, so anybody who cars can incorporate it into the main Artice Vampire as far as appropriate. Lady Tenar 15:15, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)

overview
The word vampire is concieved in two major ways; the first refers to the fictitious vampire, and the second refers to a complex idea that can be primitively defined as a real vampire. This article will address those who believe themselves to be real vampires. It will also take liberty in defining and explaining Sanguinarian vampires, the sub-categories of psychic vampires (or psy-vamps), and vampyre lifestylers. Because the concept of real vampires is a controversial and generally unaccepted topic, much of this article will explain theories. I would also like to point out that many denounce the use of the term vampire because of the widespread misconception. This article should be read with an open mind. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 205.188.116.65 (talk • contribs) 3. January 2006

 * I think that article recommended below is absolutely unaccepatble as a starting point or actually any part of the solid research into the suggested subject, because it's just unacceptable to brag about abilities to desruct other people's lives on the sheer grounds of "nature". I think that serious personal imbalances lead people to become "psy-vampires". I think that vampire's manifesto is unacceptable as a part of material on phenomenon. Information should be unbaised, if to speak about any serious approach. I hope that Wikipedia would not serve as an engine for vampire proliferation. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Cherrylanes (talk • contribs) 00:55, 27 June 2006

 * Indeed, theres no such thing as a real vampire, to use such a term is misleading.. as well as to outright say what psychic vampires is and is not, especially without sources, its just biased POV that serves no purpose, not even to have any solid understanding of the concept, its just babble. The closest real vampires refers is a mental condition, in which one believes to be a vampire. Real vampire could also mislead people into thinking that people out there, have some sort of biological need to drink blood or feed on so called "life forces". Which is by all definitions false, no human being can safely digest large amount of blood without have harmful effects, and there is no such thing as "life forces", blood is the life force of living things, and so is protein, but invisible unknown forces don't exist, if they did exist their could be a way to analyze them (and thus do a scientific study). As well as those who say "if you feel someone elses emotions, thats a psychic gift" no its not, its empathy, understanding what someone feels, and thus by doing so can inspire the same emotion in you, very natural, nothing supernatural about it (empathy is directly linked to our eyes, and what we see, not psychic at all). Some people believe that the psychic ability or "third eye" is somehow linked to the Pineal gland (in out brain). That this could be the source of psychic abilities, there is no proof psychics exist let alone a explanation for why its possible. The connection between the Pineal gland and psychic ability is an assumed one carried over from the eighteenth century when it was found to be in a position similar to that of the supposed `third eye'. Once again this has been refuted, no person has yet proved that they have any psychic ability, when guessing what a person is thinking is purely guessing, and everyone has the same chance of guessing it right. This article should contain mythology on the subject as well as a short bit about modern day interpretations of the mythology (all containing citation of course). But remember everyone that this is just legend and its interesting but not to be taken to heart or to seriously, as that can lead to misunderstands. And we need a bit more then whats in the article currently, theres no mention of how feeding on anothers life force allows to feel the emotion that the person is feeling, which is basically a primitive explanation of empathy, I think theres a book on this. The Unbeholden (talk) 15:39, 21 November 2008 (UTC)

Sanguinarian vampires
Sanguinarian vampires only have one common trait, which is the need for blood. This is used to define what constitutes a Sanguinarian vampire. Other traits will be discussed in the following subsections.

feeding and the thirst Sanguinarian vampires all meet one criterion; the physical craving for blood. This phenomenon is referred to using many different names, such as the thirst, the hunger, or the need. Blood-drinking is most commonly referred to as feeding. Some vampires may choose to feed from other self-proclaimed vampires, or from consenting non-vampires (humans, donors, prey). In rare cases, vampires will feed from animals. It is considered unethical in the vampire community to feed from an unwilling human. Usually, vampires will use a sharp knife or lancet to draw blood from a donor. Biting is discouraged because it is not hygenic and is very painful. It is recommended that vampires and donors have their blood tested to prevent the spread of diseases such as AIDS, STDs, and other blood-borne diseases. If a vampire neglects feeding, he can experience one of two things. The first is referred to as the beast. This is a very dangerous stage in which a vampire can lose sanity. He will become violent and destructive, may become more apt to taking blood forcefully, or may even develop a sexual desire to take blood from victims. It is fear of the beast that often encourages vampires to feed. The second is a period characterised by withdrawal-like symptoms, moodiness, stomach aches, extra sensitivity to light, headaches, muscle aches, and depression.

auto-vampirism In aggravated cases of the thirst, a vampire may practice auto-vampirism. Many theories exist concerning auto-vampirism (feeding on oneself). Some believe that to feed on oneself is a contradiction of terms; this theory is based around the belief that feeding on the blood of another replenishes life-energy (aura, pranic energy). The energy consumed is the energy lost, so to feed on oneself may only make the thirst more aggravated due to exposure to blood (twoofing, or vamping out; this refers to desire a vampire experiences when tempted by blood). Others believe that to feed upon oneself is mediocre in quality compared to feeding on others, but does stifle the need for blood.

extrasensory abilities Aside from this single criterion, other criteria include extrasensory abilities. These can include extended senses of sight or sound. Some Sanguinarian vampires believe they have abnormal strength, abnormal resistance to disease, and other such superior abililties. In the mental realm, Sanguinarian vampires may believe they can read others' thoughts (telepathy), feels others' emotions (empathy), or move objects in the physical realm through the mind (telekinesis). These are some of the most common abilities Sanguinarian vampires believe themselves to possess.

practices Sanguinarian vampires either seek communities or practice alone. While most choose to feed, others choose to deal with the symptoms of the thirst. In a community, members are often initiated (turned). It is believed that a vampire is either born with vampiric qualities, or else he is turned. Some believe that turning consists of blood transfusion between the born-vampire (pure-blood) and the turn. Other theories are not as distinct. Pure-bloods generally consider themselves superior to turns. However, there is no theory that attempts to confirm the existence of pure-bloods and turns.

theories explaining Sanguinarian vampirism The foremost theory explaining Sanguinarian vampirism states that the need to consume blood comes from a lack of pranic energy (life-energy). Those who believe this theory often consider themselves nothing more than humans with an energy imbalance, but have adopted the name vampire. This lack of life energy could be due to the specific person's physical makeup, the lack of sunlight, the lack of personal interaction on a social level, or the lack of connection to a greater force (often nature). As an analogy, this leaves a vampire empty, cold, and often on the brink of insanity. Prolonged exposure to these symptoms is what manifests the beast. This leaves a vampire with a need to replenish his life energy, and it is said that Sanguinarians do this through consuming blood. Other sources of pranic energy include fresh fruits and vegetables, semen, and the breath of living animals. Admittedly, some people believe themselves to be sub-human, the vampires featured in fictional tales and folklore. However, there seems to be no widespread theory explaining this belief. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 205.188.116.65 (talk • contribs) 3. January 2006

psychic vampirism
Before begginning, it is important to note that this is a very controversial, yet complex topic, and once again, should be read with an open mind. Those who call themselves psychic vampires (psy-vamps) can share characteristics of Sanguinarians or can be detatched from every popular conception of a vampire. The single criterion that defines psychic vampirism is the need to consume some type of energy. As with Sanguinarian vampires, psychic vampires believe themselves to have a lack of pranic energy. In this type of vampire, lack of sunlight is more likely to cause energetic imbalances than in sanguinarians. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 205.188.116.65 (talk • contribs) 3. January 2006

 * under construction::

Unfortunately, I have a first hand knowledge of how it feels being under an attack of psy-vampire or whatever you may choose to call them. I have to say that it's absolutely awful and damaging experience, to say the least. I have to admit that there should be some original "bond" or connection and I also suspect that there is a certain mechanism behind phenomenon of psy-vampirism that allows vampires to "drag/suck" energy from the others. I wonder as to what that might be... I think that the article(s) on the subject might prove immensely useful to many, who seek to "get rid of" personal vampire (s). — Preceding unsigned comment added by Cherrylanes (talk • contribs) 00:37, 27 June 2006

Weasel and NPOV
Well I read the article and I can say I am impressed. It got better. While I still believe it is a non existing topic trying to convince us of it's existance, I believe the article got to a point where the NPOV and Weasel warnings can be removed. Just make sure to change "some culture" to something more precise. Bragador 23:04, 22 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Well, good for you, but then going ahead and removing them shortly later under the claim that there were "no objections" is pretty silly, as you gave nobody any time to object. DreamGuy 06:57, 23 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Almost true... The weasel one was put on by me in the first place anyway and there are still no opposition but for a subject like this one, it's good to keep them anyway. I was trying to reward you all for you effort. Keep working hard ! Bragador 22:04, 23 January 2006 (UTC)

I believe the Weasle Talk warning can be removed now.--– sampi ( talk • contrib ) 08:31, 26 January 2006 (UTC)

Perhaps the weasels can (I disagree but will not comment), however the article still caries a predominantly defensive tone. This is unfortunately not quite the neutral point of view. Falcon 18:36, 25 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Having both "PoV" and "weasel" is to over-egg the pudding. The article is PoV; we don't need to add all the ways in which it's PoV.  One template is enough; more is just attacking the article without doing anything constructive.  Put it up for AfD by all means (I'd vote for delete), but we shouldn't try to achieve the same result by pasting it with sneers. --Mel Etitis  ( Μελ Ετητης ) 00:24, 26 February 2006 (UTC)

External links and sources
Just make sure that the external links section does NOT contain source material. If it does it must be included under the "sources" section. Bragador 21:55, 26 January 2006 (UTC)

Biased and Disputed?
This tag is on, yet there's no talk. The goal in Wikipedia should be to resolve misunderstandings, so let's do that. What is being criticized as being biased and disputed in this article? Perhaps changes could be made to remedy it. -Tyciol 19:58, 26 February 2006 (UTC)

Links to relevant information
I'm not a member, and not familiar with Wikipedia custom. So before I do something inexcusable, I will leave the following links. To my experience, most of the following information is correct.

For information on "real vampirism": http://www.angelfire.com/home/darkrealms/resource.html

For psi-vampire specific information, you can go here: http://www.angelfire.com/home/darkrealms/psifeed.html

If you wish to speak with people claiming to suffer from real vampirism, there are those that would happily talk on these forums (both sanguine and psychic vampires frequent this forum): http://p200.ezboard.com/bdarkrealms43343

Lastly, I wish to draw attention to "the beast", as said above. I have not seen proof of this yet (though I admit to having little experience with sanguine vampires), however, that does sound very similar to "the beast" in the VTM roleplaying game, and is therefore questionable (real vampires are very irritated when compared with roleplayers and/or lifestylists).

Its not just the New Age you know...
Its occultism in general dealing with psichyc vamps...

>You appear to be making a distinction that doesn't exist 118.90.45.66 (talk) 04:34, 27 October 2008 (UTC)

Un-needed link deleted
A link was put on there (titled: Energy Vampires' official site) that had nothing to do with the actual subject. It was a band link, btw. I took it out. If you wanna put it back, fine, but say something first and tell us why a band link should be put on a page that is talking about the condition of energy vampires. Disinclination 05:45, 28 August 2006 (UTC)Disinclination

Energy Vampirism in fiction
Should the article mention fictional examples of Energy Vampirism? For example, the Wraith on Stargate Atlantis, as well as the Atavus on Earth: Final Conflict are both fictional types of Energy Vampires.

70.17.139.55 18:46, 6 September 2006 (UTC)

Some External Links
I noticed that this article contained no external sites operated by those claiming to be vampires, so I added two. Shouldn't they have been there to begin with? Checking out the sites is far easier than tracking down the books that were mentioned. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Asa Hearts (talk • contribs) 03:51, 3 January 2007 (UTC).

Further beliefs
We need to be more specific on beliefs, such as the fact wearing copper bracelets increases one's energy flow. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 130.253.237.200 (talk)

 * Find a reliable source to back that idea and then cite it when making your addition. NeoFreak 17:45, 26 January 2007 (UTC)

Energy Vampirism in fiction
The following list was recently removed from the article. It is being posted here to preserve the information for anyone intererested in seeing it in the future. (Note: I asked User:NeoFreak, the user who removed the list from the article, if he had a problem with me posting the list here, and he never said no, so I assume it's alright.)141.154.162.91 15:27, 15 February 2007 (UTC)

Energy Vampirism in Fiction

 * Colin Wilson's 1976 novel The Space Vampires features a race of aliens who are Energy Vampires. It was made into a movie called Lifeforce in 1985 (directed by Tobe Hooper).
 * An episode of Buck Rogers entitled "Space Vampire" features a retelling of the story of Dracula with a creature known as a "vorvon," who consumes the life energy of beings.
 * The Atavus are a race of Energy Vampires on the TV series Earth: Final Conflict.
 * In the film 4D Man (1959), Dr. Tony Nelson had to take the life force of others to replenish his own after gaining the ability to pass through the fourth dimension.
 * In Sleepwalkers, a 1992 American horror film, the protagonists are shape-shifting energy vampires who feed off the lifeforce of virgin women.
 * The Wraith on Stargate: Atlantis are also Energy Vampires.
 * Bugs in the Ark (2004 film) - computer-generated movie
 * The Metroid species in the metroid videogame series, which feed off the energy of living beings
 * Selene, one-time member of the Hellfire Club and erstwhile X-Men adversary, is a thousands-year old psychic vampire who periodically feeds on the life force of other living beings in order to maintain her youth.
 * The current incarnation of Zarda from the Squadron Supreme is an apparently immortal, long-lived psychic vampire who feeds on the life-forces of other sentient beings in order to reverse the undead appearance of her body and to maintain its current appearance as a beautiful, youthful woman.
 * An energy being (later) classified as the Beta XIIA entity from the Star Trek episode entitled "Day of the Dove" fed on the psychic emanations of those who kill and fall in battle; it was even able to resurrect the recently deceased (in order to psychically manipulate them into fighting and dying once more).
 * In Palladium Books' Rifts game setting, the massive influx of magical energies has altered a subset of Earth's human beings into a species known as Psi-Stalkers, humanoids who have minimal need for traditional sources of nourishment but who must feed at least weekly on the energies of other psychic and supernatural beings in order to survive. Unlike most psychic vampires portrayed in fiction, however, they have to physically cut their victim to siphon off the energy that they feed on; also unlike most other fictional psychic vampires, their feeding process doesn't necessarily result in the death of the victim. Many other creatures such as demons also feed on the potential psychic energy (called PPE) of living beings. In the Psyscape world book, a mutation of the Psi-Stalker species called Psi-Slayers. They do not require cutting their victims, but rather, can feed upon death like the Psi-Stalker, or by terrifying their victim to truly thinking they will die. A third called the Mind Bleeder feed upon inner strength points, which are used to fuel psychic abilities. They can use them to power their psychic abilities or temporary multiply their reserves of energy. Unlike the Psi-Stalker and Psi-Slayer, they do not need it to survive, and need food normally.
 * The disembodied, extradimensional being known as Tak in the Richard Bachman novel titled "The Regulators" is a psychic vampire that must feed on the psychic energies of sentient beings -preferably by directly or indirectly causing their deaths and thereafter absorbing their essences/souls -in order to enable it to perform its reality-warping feats.
 * In Eion Colfer's(Author of Artimis Fowl Series) book 'The Supernaturalist' blue supernatural humaniod creatures known as 'parasites' or "UnSpec4" are hunted by a group of vigilates to stop them draining the life force of dying humans.

 * Any idea why that was taken out in the first place? In the current article, it would appear some of that went right back into the page.  I don't know why it was deleted in the first place.
 * Besides that, couldn't the Dementors within Harry Potter be considered a spin off of the Psychic Vampire? 74.77.124.236 (talk) 21:11, 11 December 2007 (UTC)

New age
I removed the opening phrase, "In New Age terminology..." because it is misleading. I already have a book written by 1925, published in 1928, that describes the energy vampire. Manly P. Hall's The Secret Teachings of All Ages, page CIII: "Realizing that life is maintained by the aid of a mysterious universal life force which is the common property of all creatures, the black magician often becomes an occult vampire, stealing this energy from others." Paracelsus cited non-human entities, Larvae, which draw vital energy from creatures, etc. Lisa the Sociopath 21:37, 29 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Now if you want to indicate who coined the term, find a citation. User:Bradeos Graphon back on December 23rd 2005 added that opening phrase which I just removed over an hour ago. Lisa the Sociopath 22:23, 29 October 2007 (UTC)

The most common usage
Sadly "energy vampire" is usually used to refer to someone who is depressed. It gives a spiritual sounding excuse to walk away from a friend in need "After his mother died he turned into an energy vampire, I had to leave him for my spiritual well being". Think about it this is the way the term is usually used. The "selfish sunny day" spirituality movement, the sort of "enlightenment" that falls flat on its face the first time it encounters something hard in life. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 207.234.209.50 (talk) 21:46, 10 July 2008 (UTC)

A Rare book
Citation is needed for a book that details a link between empathy and feeding on life force. The Unbeholden (talk) 09:10, 25 November 2008 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with File:AsetianBible.jpg
The image File:AsetianBible.jpg is used in this article under a claim of fair use, but it does not have an adequate explanation for why it meets the requirements for such images when used here. In particular, for each page the image is used on, it must have an explanation linking to that page which explains why it needs to be used on that page. Please check

 * That there is a non-free use rationale on the image's description page for the use in this article.
 * That this article is linked to from the image description page.

This is an automated notice by FairuseBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. --13:20, 2 January 2009 (UTC)
 * You are right, it needs a separate fair-use rationale for the Energy Vampires article. I don't know how to do this, create a separate fair-use rationale on this image for this article. If anyone knows how to do this, please do so. GustavusPrimus (talk) 19:48, 2 January 2009 (UTC)

Problem checked and fixed. A new Non-free use media rationale for Energy vampire article was added. Missing tags were removed. This topic can be removed from the discussion page. MarkChase (talk) 20:00, 2 January 2009 (UTC)

In popular fiction
The in popular fiction section may have too many trivial references. While they are examples of the energy vampire concept, they should be considered notable in some way. The best way to do so would be to reference third party discussion of these appearances.--SiIIyLiIIyPiIIy (talk) 07:35, 21 May 2009 (UTC)

Determine quality and use as reliable sources
I am pretty sure that all of these have been identified as NOT meeting our WP:RS guidelines and I am very disappointed that they have somehow weaseled their way back into an article. -- The Red Pen of Doom  02:10, 5 September 2009 (UTC)

Do any meet our reliable source guidelines???

 * Fortune, Dion: Psychic Self-Defense. Weiser Books Publishing, 2001. ISBN 1-57863-151-3
 * Harbour, Dorothy: Energy Vampires: A Practical Guide for Psychic Self-protection. Destiny Books, 2002. ISBN 0-89281-910-3
 * Hort, Barbara E.: Unholy Hungers: Encountering the Psychic Vampire in Ourselves & Others. Shambhala, 1996. ISBN 1-57062-181-0
 * Konstantinos: Vampires: The Occult Truth. Llewellyn Publications, 1996. ISBN 1-56718-380-8
 * LaVey, Anton Szandor: The Satanic Bible (Avon, 1969, ISBN 0-380-01539-0)
 * Slate, Joe H.: Psychic Vampires: Protection from Energy Predators & Parasites. Llewellyn Worldwide Ltd., 2002. ISBN 0-7387-0191-2

They seem, to me, to meet the guidelines for sources on fringe theories.--UltraMagnus (talk) 06:48, 5 September 2009 (UTC)

Rename Energy vampire → Psychic vampire ?
This was discussed in the recent AFD and is easily confirmed as the more widspread term by counting up the sources that actually use the term Psychic rather than Energy. I suggest the move goes ahead unless someone raises a strong objection.—Ash (talk) 16:50, 17 September 2009 (UTC)

 * Apparently, another article on this topic previously existed at Psychic vampire, see this edit where it was redirected without fanfare to Vampire lifestyle. I decided to take it upon myself to restore the old Psychic vampire article and to merge the content from Energy vampire to that location.  Whatever404 (talk) 17:30, 17 September 2009 (UTC)

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