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Talk:Peppermint Patty/Archive 1

Apocrypha
Charles Schulz named the character after the York Peppermint Pattie, and in response the makers of the candy, Peter-Paul (later Peter-Paul Cadbury) ended up being one of the exclusive sponsors (along with McDonald's and Dolly Madison) of the animated Peanuts television specials on CBS in the 1970s.

I'm pretty sure this is apocryphal. Schulz always said that the character was named after a dish of peppermint candies; also, I don't think the York Peppermint Patty came along until well after 1966. I'm changing this until I can find out elsewise. --RMc

 * The York Peppermint Pattie actually came out in 1940.

 * According to the official website as cited in the above article, the candy was around in the northeast starting in 1940, but did not go national until 1975. However, their site says nothing about sponsorship of any "Peanuts" specials, although the absence of any such comment does not prove anything either way. Wahkeenah 11:23, 25 February 2006 (UTC)

"straight" characters
there is no information in the comic strip to demonstrate that neither Patty nor Marcy is interested in other girls. This is not proof that they are lesbians, and it is not proof that they are specifically straight. Additionally, "family-oriented" doesn't add anything to the description of the strip or of the characters as there are, to borrow the cliché, as many types of families as there are families, including families with gay and lesbian members. The word fanciful is inherently POV. Dave 06:30, 23 December 2005 (UTC)
 * The only hint of romantic interest Peppermint Patty shows is towards boys. To say they are "never portrayed as lesbians" is a slyly-stated POV in and of itself. To say they are "only portrayed as straight" is truthful and NOT a POV. And if you don't get what I mean by "family-oriented", you are also in denial. Wahkeenah 13:30, 23 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Cultural differences between the 1950s and today have changed the way lesbianism is portrayed in the media. A character's being tomboyish was a typical way of showing that there might be other ways in which she was not typically feminine according to normative social roles. "Family-oriented" as you used it is loaded to the brim with POV, and if you don't see that, you are in far deeper denial than I.
 * Also, as a side note, Marcy never exhibits any interest in any boys (that I can remember, anyway) and does in fact exhibit a fairly deep devotion to Peppermint Patty, which Peppermint Patty certainly does not discourage. Dave 17:25, 23 December 2005 (UTC)
 * I am fully aware that modern times have brought both homosexuality and the sexualization of children onto the front page, neither of which have anything to do with Schulz's comic strip. If someone else wants to infer lesbianism from the work of a deceased artist, they are treading on dangerous ground. And by the way, these topics are not nearly as comfortable and mainstream as you Coastal types like to think they are. Wahkeenah 17:59, 23 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Actually, I'm pretty sure there's a strip in which Charlie Brown is in the hospital, and Peppermint Pattie and Marcy sit outside on a bench looking up at his window, and Marcie says something about loving Charles (the article even references this). But in any case, I think the whole straight vs. gay thing is kind of dumb. 8-year old kids are generally not really either. They're pretty asexual, and the Peanuts world is about as non-sexual as it gets. I fail to see how "never portrayed as lesbians" is even slightly POV. I would hesitate to call them "straight" though, as it gives the impression they've reached a level of sexual maturity which they haven't. The only thing in question is the seriousness of their respective crushes on Chuck. However, that others have characterized them as lesbians is also pretty well established, but, as the article says, there is no basis for this in the strip itself. -R. fiend 18:12, 23 December 2005 (UTC)
 * And the boy wins a gold star! You get the point exactly. FYI, the reason I call "never portrayed as lesbians" a POV (as it was previously worded) is that it implies that they should have been, and that Schulz was hiding that behind 1950s sensibilities. Maybe so, maybe not, but its risky to try to read someone else's mind, especially once they have departed this earth and can't respond. Wahkeenah 18:38, 23 December 2005 (UTC)
 * The problem here is that these are characters who have reached their full sexual maturity (in the context of the strip, they're never going to get any older) and that they are also characters who establish some level of romantic relationships within their peer group. Gender is a factor in these relationships, and thus, sexual orientation becomes a question. The last sentence you added there about "other romantic interests depicted in Schulz's comic" probably belongs in Romantic relationships in Peanuts rather than this article, which is about a specific character.
 * Further, you're reading too much into the statement that they were never portrayed as lesbians. Certainly the fact that some people read Marcie and PP's relationship as romantic means that the point should be made on Wikipedia. This was never explicitly stated in the comic, but the interpretation is there. "They were never specifically portrayed as lesbians" is a great way to cover all the bases here, from Schulz to contemperary lit theorists. Nobody's trying to read anybody's mind, just listing different interpretations of the relationship between two fictional girls who are portrayed as not fitting in with societal gender norms.
 * Last, the mention of PP and Marcie's age/sexual maturity in the article ("lesbian relationship between the two pre-adolescent children") is so POV it's painful. I'm going to remove it, and if it comes back, it needs to be applied to all mentions of her romantic attachments, so we'd have to say that she has a crush on a pre-adolescent boy. If one's going to sound prurient, they all should. Fact of the matter is that none of the relationships in Peanuts are, but I'll go with whichever side of that you think is best.
 * Final note, the word straight does not belong in quotation marks. Dave 19:31, 23 December 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm waiting for you to put forth the argument that Bert and Ernie were gay, too. It's best to just take it all out, since it all started with some stray reference to PP and Marcy which was made on some comedy show. The Bert and Ernie story, similarly, originated in a joke on "Saturday Night Live". If you want to write a separate article about people's various imaginative and baseless interpretations of PP and Marcy either as satire or as "pushing the gay agenda", feel free. Wahkeenah 19:55, 23 December 2005 (UTC)
 * That's a good point. Check out the Bert and Ernie article. There's information similar to this there. Dave 20:01, 23 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Alrighty, then, although you insist on keeping the lesbian joke about Peppermint Patty, I think you've put sufficient hedging in it to neutralize it. Wahkeenah 20:02, 23 December 2005 (UTC)
 * I think the article is fine as is now. The Bert and Ernie article mentions the gay allegations; I see no reason why this shouldn't do likewise. The important thing is that the article states that Schulz never portrayed them as such. If anything my complaint now is too much emphasis on Family Guy, but (much like the Simpsons) references from that show seem to weasel their way into every other conceivable article. -R. fiend 20:08, 23 December 2005 (UTC)
 * You're not wrong there. However, a quick Google search for the string "Peppermint Patty" lesbian gives over 20,000 results. There's go to be something else in there that could be used as a good reference. Dave 20:17, 23 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Joke? It's not funny, and I don't think she's a lesbian. I just think that minority opinions need to be expressed, just like the Wikipedia policies say. Dave 20:17, 23 December 2005 (UTC)
 * The fact that 20,000 websites say she's a lezzy don't make it so. I betcha not one of them is signed "Charles Schulz", and he's the only one who knows for sure, since he created the characters. The others are just projecting their wishful thinking on the character, nothing more. Wahkeenah 20:19, 23 December 2005 (UTC)
 * No, but that does make it an interpretation of the character that bears mention. Dave 20:24, 23 December 2005 (UTC)

Pettermint Patty and Marcie are best friends, not lesbians. Both Patty and Marcie share a secret crush on Charlie Brown (actually, it's not even a secret). Let's keep this a family page, will ya? 71.111.209.99 18:10, 18 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Family Page? Does a reference to homosexuality make it an adult page? I think the truth that homosexuality exists and that Peppermint Patty and Marcie are sometimes portrayed as lebians not by Charles Schulz but usually in form of parody of the strip or in trying to construct homosexual icons from popular characters in culture, should be mentioned in the text. By any means. --217.232.110.75 (talk) 15:02, 2 March 2008 (UTC)

 * I remember Chris Rock doing a monologue on "Weekend Update" where he summed up character traits in Peanuts and at one point said "Peppermint Patty's a lesbian." I believe I kind of gasped and as I recall it felt like some in the audience were uncomfortable with it as well. Although I imagine the idea predates him it's the first time I heard it. As for tomboy characters in the 1950s I rarely think that was to imply lesbianism. I think more often it was a way to have a girl character be athletic and independent as those things weren't deemed appropriate for girls. Nowadays acting masculine isn't necessary for a woman to be accepted in most any job or sport. She can be in the women's hockey team and still do advertisements for L'Oreal if she has the looks or desire to. Although it might survive a little for women in fields like boxing or construction work. On another issue weren't Peppermint Patty's parents divorced? It seemed like I read it was one of the first attempts to do a family-oriented series with a child of divorce.--T. Anthony 08:35, 26 February 2006 (UTC)

I cannot believe that people are discussing the sexuality of a cartoon character! By the way does Bugs Bunny seem to have a hint of mint? Cr8tiv 20:36, 22 June 2007 (UTC)

 * There is some legitimacy to this debate, but only in a very specific sense. There is no in-canon evidence that Peppermint Patty and Marcie are lesbians.  However, according to the Michaelis biography, the characters are in fact loosely based on a real-life lesbian couple of Schulz's acquaintance.  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.232.161.243 (talk) 05:40, 16 November 2009 (UTC)

Fomat
I called the part about Peppermint Patty's relationships with Marcie and Chuck "Relationships with other characters." Should it be separated into two sections? Dave 20:24, 23 December 2005 (UTC)
 * If I were writing it, I would put the lezzy portion in a section called "Revisionist interpretations". "Interpretations" is probably more than sufficient, since everything above it is actually about Schulz's portrayal of PP and Marcie, and that final section is someone else's portrayal. Wahkeenah 20:36, 23 December 2005 (UTC)
 * I'd say revisionist is probably a bit of a weasel word (I think that's the term, not sure). "Contemporary interpretations"? Dave 20:39, 23 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Contemporary interpretations is a more politically correct weasel term than revisionist, so go for it. Wahkeenah 20:43, 23 December 2005 (UTC)

Lesbian or not--not a legitimate debate
I don't think people should add "lesbian" to Peppermint Patty's or Marcie's articles. It's not an issue. The characters are asexual, if not not worried about sex altogether. Janet6 22:26, 6 April 2006 (UTC)

 * However, it's an issue that's already been discussed in much more encyclopedic terms than the ones you're putting forth. If you can find a way to academically refute the legitimacy of the debate, go ahead. Let's hear it. Dave 22:53, 6 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Even if Peppermint Patty and Marcie have never been portrayed as having feelings for each other in the Peanut's comic strip there have been references in popular culture suggesting that Peppermint Patty and Marcie have been lesbians, so it's worth mentioning. theRealdeal

 * By the way, who first started this controversy over Peppermint Patty & Marcie's sexuality? And when did it get started?

Peppermint Patty's last name - Reichardt
I am new to contibuting to Wikipedia, having registered just this evening. There are two issues I want to mention in regards to the Peppermint Patty entry.

1) Regarding Peppermint Patty's last name, Reichardt, a line in the Wikipedia article reads: "Besides guard duties, Peppermint Patty also retains Snoopy's services as an attorney, once even enlisting his help to openly defy the school's dress code (the only strip in which the character's full formal name, Patricia Reichardt, has ever been mentioned)." While the strip in question was published on 15 January 1972, her last name did appear at least one more time, in the 05 February 1993 strip, in which she reads to Marcie an ad she has placed in the paper:

First panel: ''See Marcie? My ad is in the paper..'' Second panel: "Help wanted.. attractive young lad can't remember history dates." Third panel: "Doesn't understand fractions.. Call Patricia Reichardt at number below.." Fourth panel: ''What do you think, Marcie? You are extremely weird, sir.''

2) My last name is also Reichardt. When I read the strip in which "Patricia Reichardt" first appeared, 15 January 1972, I was astonished to see my last name in a Peanuts comic strip.  I wrote Charles Schulz a letter asking him how he chose that name, never thinking he would respond.  He did.  He wrote me a short letter, dated 26 January 1972, in which he explained that his secretary always loved Peppermint Patty above all other Peanuts characters, and that she and Peppermint Patty had a lot in common.  So when it came to giving her a last name, Schulz gave her the last name of her secretary at the time, Susan Reichardt.

I still have the original letter and the envelope in which it was mailed.

 * You're pretty lucky he ever responded to you.
 * Actually, Schulz made every effort to respond to every letter that was ever written to him (however much in brief). He viewed it as a matter of uncompromising courtesy.  tuttlemsm  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.232.161.243 (talk) 05:42, 16 November 2009 (UTC)

My question: what is the proper way to edit these two bits of information into the article? Also, because the information must be verifiable, what do I do about my letter? Should I scan it and upload it as proof?

Please advise, thank you.

--Podbay 03:41, 4 August 2006 (UTC)

Today I made the edit regarding Item 1, above. I am still deciding how to edit into the article the information I have on hand, i.e., the letter from Charles Schulz explaining how he gave Peppermint Patty her last name, Reichardt. Podbay 02:13, 6 August 2006 (UTC)

 * As the above information confirms, the recent edit changing her last name was in error (and calling "He's a Bully" her last appearance is a bit of a crystal ball; if animated appearances are included, well, they're continuing to do more animation and will likely use her again.) I am avoiding directly editing Peanuts articles due to some recent direct professional involvement with Peanuts, but I hope someone else will take care of this correction. --Nat Gertler (talk) 03:06, 22 January 2011 (UTC)

Trivia removed from article: Justice Roberts
I have removed the following text, with my formatting edit, from the article as trivia. It has been reported, originally in The Washington Times, that Supreme Court Chief Justice John Roberts portrayed Peppermint Patty in his all-male high school's production of You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown. However, Peppermint Patty does not appear in the original version of the show; there is a part for "Patty", but she is an earlier Peanuts character. WP is not a compendium of trivia, even when that trivia is reported in mass media. --SidP (talk) 00:37, 23 June 2009 (UTC)
 * Directors of YAGMCB often exercise their artistic prerogative to turn the Patty character into Peppermint Patty and instruct the actor accordingly. It's not correct, but it is understandable: Peppermint Patty is a much richer character than the original patty.  tuttlemsm  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.232.161.243 (talk) 07:02, 7 December 2009 (UTC)

Lesbian icon?
Whether or not the character is actually lesbian, the fact they she's become something of an icon is worth noting --especially after its parodied in such mainstream venues as Family Guy (and that was years ago), The Boondocks comic strip, and others. Seriously now. --76.93.253.93 (talk) 23:09, 25 December 2009 (UTC)
 * That someone makes fun of tomboys as lesbians is not the same as making them lesbian icons; I don't know of any lesbians holding up P.Patty as an icon. Not every reference that Family Guy makes is noteworthy. If you can find a viable third party discussion of how Peppermint Patty is treated when parodied, that might survive notability, but a collection of "ha ha, she's a dyke references" on its own just becomes a needless list.--Nat Gertler (talk) 23:48, 25 December 2009 (UTC)
 * Parodies by the Family Guy don't really cut it. But how do any of the deniers account for Marcie's constantly calling her "sir"? Dogru144 (talk) 01:46, 30 December 2011 (UTC) Dogru144 (talk) 01:47, 30 December 2011 (UTC)

Patty Swanson
Michaelis does not say that Patty Swanson inspired Peppermint Patty, merely that her temperment is more like P.Patty than like flavorless Patty, the character whose name she inspired (footnoted on page 223). As such, I've excised the bit that claimed she was an inspiration. --Nat Gertler (talk) 00:28, 9 March 2010 (UTC)

The origin of Peppermint Patty
I was the physician for Patricia, the niece of Schultz. She was under the impression that she was the inspiration for Peppermint Patty. Someone should look into this. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.111.95.106 (talk) 22:44, 30 January 2011 (UTC)

Last appearance
Someone just updated "Last appearance" to be He's a Bully, Charlie Brown. I think we should stick with the source material - the strip - on this, but even if we don't, it is unlikely that He's a Bully is her final appearance. They have, after all, continued to do Peanuts animation since then - the motion comics, Happiness is a Warm Blanket, Charlie Brown -- and while PP may not be in those, she's likely to be in a future project. I will not edit it myself due to my Peanuts COI, but I thought I'd note that. -Nat Gertler (talk) 19:11, 12 March 2011 (UTC)
 * And now a date of "197?" has been added as her final appearance in the strip, when actually her final non-reprint appearance was 2? years later, on January 2, 2000. --Nat Gertler (talk) 16:42, 20 March 2011 (UTC)
 * And now, another date has been added... one months after the last new Peanuts strip of any sort. Really, it's January 2, 2000, folks. --Nat Gertler (talk) 14:39, 17 April 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Peppermint Patty/Archive 1


text:
User:Seanbert

I used to live in Beckford.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Seanbert


text:
Talk:Non-volatile random-access memory

Talk
this article doesn't mention the NVRAM chips that are RAM chips with an incorporated battery 194.65.255.174 22:45, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

Alison Chaiken 16:30, 19 September 2005 (UTC): There are lots of things the article doesn't mention: it needs a lot more work! However, most people don't consider battery-backed RAM to be non-volatile. "Non-volatile" implies data persistence in the absence of power for extended periods of time.

 * Disagree with proposed merge to Non-volatile memory; many non volatile memories are not NVRAM -- hard drives and other magnetic media, for example. FT2 (Talk 00:28, 16 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Agreed. They are a separate subject. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.6.207.55 (talk • contribs) 2 May, 2007
 * Also, the article is a bit to long and detailed for a merge. --203.30.68.49 (talk) 01:42, 26 November 2007 (UTC)
 * I am removing the merge template per the comments above and at Talk:Non-volatile memory --Lox (t,c) 21:58, 7 January 2008 (UTC)
 * You had no right to do so. Merge template restored so that the discussion can be found. 109.145.22.224 (talk) 13:27, 25 April 2012 (UTC)

 * I would like to see a page or so related to the physics of EEPROM - existing EEPROM article does not cover that, whereas NVRAM article does. How about separate articles for 'physics of non-volatile memory' (new), then existing EEPROM and NVRAM articles which could be more product-related. I am willing to contribute to the first article. Keble6 (talk) 19:53, 5 December 2007 (UTC)

You have put your comments on the merger in the wrong place, so it is not suprising that the proposer has not seen them. The discussion was in the correct location which is the target article talk page. I have taken the liberty of copying the above comments over to that talk page. In view of the above objections, I feel that it is right at this point to revert the merge until a full discussion on all the points raised has taken place. 109.145.22.224 (talk) 13:27, 25 April 2012 (UTC)
 * Notice the time stamps on the comments. --Wtshymanski (talk) 14:18, 26 April 2012 (UTC)

What is an esoteric piece of RAM, please? And since when is 1 TBit/in2 == 10 TBit/cm2. Either of these values is wrong in 2 places. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2600:8801:2B03:2D00:B043:D98D:6835:848D (talk) 01:43, 17 November 2018 (UTC)

Toshiba's new developments - New NV-RAM
I'm unfamiliar with Wikipedia's article policies, so I'll let someone else add this piece in. Toshiba has recently developed Highest density and highest bandwidth NV-RAM. Would really appreciate it if I saw this in the article. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.115.74.82 (talk) 08:47, 9 February 2009 (UTC)

 * If you have the appropriate references to support such an addition to the article then be WP:BOLD and add it yourself. 109.145.22.224 (talk) 13:37, 25 April 2012 (UTC)

Potential usage of NVRAM
I would like to see some additional content related to the speculative impact of NVRAM on existing systems architectures. While the description of NVRAM in terms of what it is is useful, what NVRAM could be is also useful.89.176.34.187 (talk) 23:37, 21 February 2014 (UTC)

 * Providing "speculative" or "potential" uses is not the domain of an encyclopedia. That is more suitable for marketing and engineering.
 * However, it would be valuable to add the ways in which products have changed since they have included NVRAM in their designs. Popular Science might be a good source for some of this, though  lot of their content is the speculative.  There are allegedly 28 issues which forecast flying automobiles for common use.  —EncMstr (talk) 20:33, 22 February 2014 (UTC)

Speaking of "speculative" or "potential" uses, this entire article is just that. Somebody needs to explain precisely how they justify the current-day usage of "flash" memory as genuine RAM function. That is, if technical words should have technical meaning on Wikipedia.Wikibearwithme (talk) 04:27, 27 March 2016 (UTC)

Intel / Micron's new developments - XPoint Press Release
"SANTA CLARA, Calif., and BOISE, Idaho, July 28, 2015 – Intel Corporation and Micron Technology, Inc. today unveiled 3D XPoint™ technology, a non-volatile memory ...3D XPoint technology combines the performance, density, power, non-volatility and cost advantages of all available memory technologies on the market today. The technology is up to 1,000 times faster and has up to 1,000 times greater endurance3 than NAND, and is 10 times denser than conventional memory. ...The innovative, transistor-less cross point architecture creates a three-dimensional checkerboard where memory cells sit at the intersection of word lines and bit lines, allowing the cells to be addressed individually. As a result, data can be written and read in small sizes, leading to faster and more efficient read/write processes." Jim.Callahan,Orlando (talk) 16:38, 6 September 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

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accuracy section
This is a big subject to attempt covering accurately, in large part due to the amount of grandstanding partaken in by various aspiring vendors. However, as a humble beginning on due diligence, I am not sure it is accurate to refer to flash-assisted RAM as NVRAM, since the NV part can only participate in a very peripheral manner (e.g. RAM SSD).

In spirit of avoiding equivocation in an area of high equivocation, I think it only serves to confuse the issues by calling these flash-assisted devices "NVRAM," as this suggests the solid state drive portion is performing the conventional duty required by normal RAM, which it is completely incapable of doing.4.35.70.203 (talk) 06:01, 4 December 2015 (UTC)Wikibearwithme (talk) 06:02, 4 December 2015 (UTC)

Early NVRAMs needs restructuring
I think the paragraph beginning with "Currently, the best-known form of both NV-RAM and EEPROM memory is flash memory. " and ending with 2018 status should be moved somewhere else. Probably to a later subsection. Because it's not an 'Early NVRAM' - or more details should be given why flash memory is really close to those elder types (if it is).

For example, the section can be renamed to "History" and this paragraph moved to the last one (because it should be arranged chronologically). Or create a new subsection like "Development", or even "flash memory".

Yaroslav Nikitenko (talk) 09:37, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

NVDIMM-P status
"Known as NVDIMM-P, it is expected to be released in 2020."

It is already 2021 now. Has it been released or not?

Un1Gfn (talk) 03:27, 25 February 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Non-volatile random-access memory


text:
Talk:Duncan's new multiple range test

It wouldn't hurt to specify what this test is! Michael Hardy 22:38, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The test uses special tables of the Studentized Range Distribution, and aside from that looks like exactly any other T-like MRT.

It would help greatly to have an example and its solution. JimCubb 02:03, 4 October 2006 (UTC)

I wonder how the word "new" will sound in 5-10 years time ... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 188.26.60.104 (talk) 17:33, 26 March 2010 (UTC)

 * Even more dated than it sounds now. Calling it Duncan's Multiple Range Test seems sufficient today.  Or maybe my wife can just call me New, too.  The DMRT and I are about the same age.

Dennis Clason.

Additions to the article
I have now finished introducing major additions to the article (see the following diff: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Duncan%27s_new_multiple_range_test&diff=630375237&oldid=549183089). These are based on the work done by students in the Tel-Aviv University course "multiple comparisons". You may see a relevant revision history here: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Talgalili/sandbox/Duncan%27s_new_multiple_range_test&offset=&limit=500&action=history

Thanks goes to: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Barakbrill&action=edit&redlink=1 (and others)

Tal Galili (talk) 14:05, 20 October 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Duncan's new multiple range test


text:
List of Vancouver Canucks head coaches

The Vancouver Canucks are a professional ice hockey team based in Vancouver, British Columbia. The Canucks are a member of the Pacific Division in the Western Conference of the National Hockey League (NHL). The Canucks currently play home games at Rogers Arena. The Canucks joined the NHL in 1970 as an expansion team, along with the Buffalo Sabres. They have advanced to the Stanley Cup finals three times but were defeated by the New York Islanders in 1982, the New York Rangers in 1994, and the Boston Bruins in 2011. The Canucks are owned by Francesco Aquilini, Patrik Allvin is their general manager, and Rick Tocchet is the Head Coach.

There have been 21 head coaches for the Canucks. The franchise's first head coach was Hal Laycoe, who coached the Canucks for two seasons. Alain Vigneault coached the most games of any Canucks head coach with 540 games and has the most points all-time with the Canucks with 683 points, he also has the most points in a season of any Canucks coach, with 117 in the 2010–11 season. He is followed by Marc Crawford, who has 586 points all-time with the Canucks Roger Neilson is the only Hockey Hall of Fame inductee to coach the Canucks. Quinn and Vigneault are the only two Canucks head coaches to win a Jack Adams Award with the team. Bill LaForge, who coached the start of the 1984–85 season, has the fewest points with the Canucks (10). Harry Neale served the most terms as head coach of the Canucks with three while Pat Quinn served two.

Coaches
Note: Statistics are correct through the 2023–24 season.

title: List of Vancouver Canucks head coaches


text:
User talk:Matze-berlin~enwiki

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text:
National Flute Association

The National Flute Association (NFA) is the largest flute organization in the world, with roughly 5,000 members from more than 50 countries. It is an association in the United States with headquarters in Chicago, Illinois. Members include soloists, orchestral players, jazz and world music performers, teachers, adult amateurs, and students of all ages.

The organization was founded in 1972 by flutist Mark Thomas and incorporated in 1973 in the state of Indiana. In 1973, an ad-hoc committee was created to help plan a convention of flutists. The group became the members of the first Board of Directors. Past presidents, program chairs, and committee chairs have included principal flutists of American orchestras, soloists and chamber musicians, and professors at conservatories and universities. Notable members include Sir James Galway and Ian Anderson. Rebecca Johnson is President of the Board for 2022-2024, and Jennifer Grim is Vice-President.

The first administrative role was established in 1977 and the organization currently has four full-time staff members. Jennifer Clarke was named the Executive Director in January 2021.

Annual Conventions
The NFA Convention is the largest annual flute event in the world, with more than 3,000 attendees and 80 exhibitors each year. The four-day event includes hundreds of workshops, masterclasses, competitions, and performances. Conventions are held in cities across the United States. Previous locations include San Diego, Washington D.C., New York City, and Chicago. Virtual conventions have replaced in-person gatherings for 2020 and 2021 because of Covid-19 concerns. The 2022 Fiftieth Anniversary Convention was held in Chicago, August 11-14, 2022, and in Phoenix, Arizona, August 3-6, 2023. The 2024 Annual Convention will be held August 1 -4, 2024, in San Antonio, Texas.

Committees
NFA members have established committees that focus on individual components of the organization and the concerns of the wider flute community, including highlighting less prominent areas of flute musicianship, such as low and Baroque flute, reaching out to underserved communities, and providing pedagogical guidance, among other initiatives. These committees helped establish the NFA’s music commission program, create scholarships and competitions, and collect pedagogical materials aimed at young flutists.

Competitions
NFA competitions create opportunities for young and emerging flutists to compete and gain performance and audition skills. The Annual NFA Convention currently hosts 15 performance competitions in solo, flute choir, and masterclass categories and four non-performance competitions, which highlight new flute music, research, and entrepreneurship.

Commissions
The NFA commissions original compositions for all members of the flute family. The New Music Advisory Committee, established in 1985, works with the NFA Board to create opportunities for flutists to interact with contemporary composers by playing their music and ensuring today's composers create substantial repertoire for flute players.

The NFA has commissioned more than 70 new works for both flute and piccolo. Beginning in 1986, the NFA has commissioned a new piece to be used as repertoire in the Young Artist Competition each year. In 1989 a yearly commission for a new work for the High School Soloist Competition was added. The NFA also commissions a piece for the bi-annual Piccolo Artist Competition, as well as special project commissions. Composers include winners of the Pulitzer Prize, Prix de Rome, and other awards.

Scholarships
The NFA has established numerous scholarship programs for continuing education, including cultural outreach scholarships in 15 U.S. and non-U.S. cities. The NFA supports promising students with several scholarships named after flutists whose involvement in the organization helped shape its vision:

The annual Frances Blaisdell Scholarship, named for Frances Blaisdell, provides a U.S. high school or undergraduate student with the opportunity to receive complimentary registration for that year’s convention and take advantage of the many performances, workshops, and sessions being offered.

Every other year, the NFA offers the Myrna Brown Scholarship, which allows an international student to attend and present at the Annual Convention.

The NFA also offers several scholarship prizes at the convention. The Geoffrey Gilbert Scholarship prize is awarded to the NFA High School Soloist Competition first-place winner for further flute study with any teacher who is a member of the NFA. The Deveau Scholarship is awarded for the outstanding performance of the NFA High School Soloist Competition commissioned work.

Awards
Since 1991 the National Flute Association has honored the best and the brightest of its colleagues with the Lifetime Achievement Award. The debut award went to Jean-Pierre Rampal. Other notable recipients include Julius Baker and Sir James Galway. The NFA also gives out the Distinguished Service Award, first given to John Solum in 1998.

The NFA Library
The NFA Library was established in 1973 when exhibiting publishers at the first convention were asked to donate copies of their music. The NFA holds the largest lending library of flute music internationally with a catalog of more than 15,000 works, many of which are rare or out of print. The library is located at the University of Arizona Fine Arts Library in Tucson, Arizona.

Publications
NFA members create ongoing publications to communicate with the flute world and share valuable research, history, educational, and pedagogical resources.

The NFA’s member magazine, The Flutist Quarterly, is published each season and includes contributions from members, flute scholars, and other enthusiasts from around the world. The NFA also produces special publications, including The Flutist’s Handbook, Kindcaidiana, and historic recordings.

title: National Flute Association


text:
Talk:Yttrium barium copper oxide

structure diagrams
The diagram in the "structure" section appears to be wrong. It disagrees with the description, with the 3-D diagram at the top of the page, and with the article on perovskite structure.

In particular: the copper atoms and the oxygen atoms should be switched. If Barium is the center of a cube, then copper should be at the vertices of the cube, and oxygen at the middle of each edge.

Note: I'm saying the yellow dots need to be swapped with the red dots. Just changing the legend would be a bad idea, since we should stick with the convention of using small red dots for oxygen. --Tim314 16:44, 18 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Good catch. I wonder how many people that's confused. I've nominated the image for deletion, because I don't see a good way to fix it without starting over from scratch. —Keenan Pepper 19:55, 20 September 2006 (UTC)

The figure is easily fixed using photoshop. Either of you want to take a shot at it, or should I? Rich 21:24, 11 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Was image changed ? In June 2008 both seem to match the description at perovskite. Rod57 (talk) 19:47, 11 June 2008 (UTC)

Discovery
Paul Chu's group in Houston is credited with the discovery of YBCO and should be listed first.

Counterpoint: In an article entitled History of Original Ideas and Basic Discoveries in Particle Physics (High Temperature Superconductivity, Plenum Press), Paul Chu, recounting the discovery, wrote:

 * ...I received an exciting call from Maw-Kuen [Wu] from UAH at about 5 p.m., January 29, 1987. He informed me that he and his students, Jim Ashburn and C. J. Torng, had just observed a reversible R [resistivity]-drop starting at above 90 K and finishing at about 77  K in two of their samples.  All of us were ecstatic, since stable and reversible superconductivity might have finally been achieved, provided a Meissner effect could be detected.  Right before he called me, Maw-Kuen had also phoned Peiherng about their exciting observation.  Without divulging information about the elements of their samples, Maw-Kuen told Peiherng, "We just did what we discussed previously (in Houston in early January)."  Peiherng, Ruling and I reviewed all our previous data and decided to make a few new samples containing the newly arrived Y and Yb oxides.  Unfortunately, we failed to see any stable superconductivity at 90 K.  Maw-Kuen and Jim arrived at Houston the next morning of January 30 with their samples which had a nominal formula of Y1.2Ba0.8CuO4 (YBCO).  We subjected them to a thorough battery of tests. Indeed, R decreased rapidly, starting at ~93 K and reached zero at ~80 K, as was first observed at Huntsville by Maw-Kuen and his students.  By the end of the day, we completed the magnetic measurements.  A distinct diamagnetic shift characteristic of a superconducting transition started at ~91 K.  The results are shown in Figs. 8 and 9.  The expected downward shift of Tc [critical temperature] toward lower temperatures in the presence of a magnetic field was also observed. Following the recipe of Maw-Kuen, several samples were also made in Houston and tested on January 30.  Most showed the 90 K superconductivity.  The long-sought-after stable and reproducible superconductivity above the liquid nitrogen boiling point of 77 K had been discovered...

Thus, despite the fact that many sources credited Chu with the idea behind the discovery, his own account suggests otherwise. It should also be noted that on the paper published jointly by UAH and UH, the Alabama-Huntsville team was listed first.

Coordination Geometry
Is not Cubic. Should be ortho Rhombic the lattice constants a does not = b does not = c

 * in YBCO a is very similar to b at 0.382 and 0.389 nm respectively, so for "high school science" one can assume a=b. By the way, c is 1.168 nm.

LMB (talk) 09:46, 6 November 2008 (UTC)

Related Compounds
R Ba2 Cu3 O(7-delta) where R is a rare earth element Y, La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu.

I am surprised this page quotes YBa2Cu3O7 as it as a defect ceramic material, not a molecular compound - in all cases. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 125.7.52.129 (talk) 04:19, 29 September 2008 (UTC)

Density
the density of thin films is 6.38 gm/cm^3 for bulk material it is less.

applications
YBCO does not have a small critical current density. It is used commercially for high current carrying tapes and High Tc SQUID's.

Ref. 10 is not authoritative or correct, modern cryogenic NMR probes are cold copper, not superconductors.

 * A critical current density at least for single cristal bulk should be given.

Magnetic Levitation
YBCO is a type 2 superconductor and only expels magnetic field up to a certain strength called Hc1. after this value is reached magnetic field penetrates the superconuctor in the form of vortices. Anon - sometime.

This section of the article applies to all superconductors and should be moved there is not already there. Rod57 (talk) 23:45, 4 September 2008 (UTC)

levitation
The levitation of a magnet above YBCO has nothing to do with the Meissner-effect. The Meissner-effect only occurs in Type I superconductors as the magnetic field is expelled from the superconductor. In order for a magnet to levitate, it is required that magnetic flux lines may "pin" into the material (pinning effect). The magnet would just fall off otherwise. Thus the magnetic levitation is an effect of type II superconductors and has nothing to do with the Meissner effect.

Fat kanickel 14:40, 12 December 2006 (UTC)fat_kanickel

The Meissner effect does occur in type II superconductors, but only below Hc1. Between Hc1 and Hc2 the Meissner effect is said to be incomplete. See Charles Kittel, Introduction to Solid State Physics. JHobbs103 (talk) 18:18, 2 May 2009 (UTC)

This article contains a spurious and highly misleading reference to the Meissner effect. The levitation in the video cannot be said to demonstrate the Meissner effect. The only way that it could be demonstrated is if a magnet was placed on top of the superconductor, then it was cooled and THEN it was observed to spontaneously levitate. That WOULD demonstrate the Meissner effect. The Meissner effect is the ejection of a WEAK field as it passes below the transition temperature. Once ejected, flux is kept out by Lenz's law and Faraday's law as applied to a perfect conductor. This ejection cannot be explained by Maxwell's equations and was not anticipated when it was experimentally observed by Meissner. The Meissner effect can only be fully explained by using quantum mechanics. For all these reasons it is a separate phenomena and must be carefully distinguished from Lenz's law and Faraday's law as applied to a perfect conductor. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.29.64.218 (talk) 14:11, 21 February 2010 (UTC)

More explanation please
What does T represent in this sentence: 120 T for B perpendicular and 250 T for... Mrshaba (talk) 21:40, 3 Jul 2008 (UTC)
 * Disregard question. I linked T to the unit page. Mrshaba (talk) 21:49, 3 July 2008 (UTC)

"upper critical field" is unimportant
Regarding the sentence Its upper critical field is 120 T for B perpendicular and 250 T for B parallel to the CuO2 planes.

...I'd like to comment that Hc2 is unimportant in Type II superconductors, because before Hc2 can destroy the superconducting phenomenon, there's the much smaller (ca. 10..20T) Hirr, or 'irreversibility field', which causes the magnetization loop to reverse. The area between Hirr and Hc2 has vortices, but is completely useless from the industrial use point of view. LMB (talk) 10:15, 6 November 2008 (UTC)

Coordination polyhedra
I've made a few images of the unit cell and of the coordination geometry of each metal atom in YBa2Cu3O7-$\delta$. If these are useful, I can provide similar polyhedra for the five different oxygen environments.

Ben (talk) 20:13, 20 January 2009 (UTC)

Um... First, yes, these look extremely useful, why not to put them into the text, in the structure section? Second though, are they correct? The full structure appears to have three CuO2 planes, instead of one CuOx and two CuO2... I would assume the polyhedra would need to get modified if the structure is corrected? Would also be nice to put some text discussing which CuOn polyhedra go with which geometry. Generally, a little improvement to the structure section would be desirable, right now the two types of CuOx planes are being referenced without ever having been defined (this, of course, does not relate to Ben's suggestion). 12.104.156.31 (talk) 20:30, 20 November 2012 (UTC)

 * Fair point, I think this must be crystallographic disorder in the literature structure I used. Thanks for spotting these errors. I've updated the article, only 12 years late. --Ben (talk) 16:43, 6 April 2021 (UTC)

History
I have redone a bit the wording for the discovery by müller and bernorz. i found it to be somewhat weird, saying that one of the SC that they discovered had 35k Tc and then talking about LBCO without saying it is that one that become SC at 35k. I think it is more clear now, although i am pretty sure it could be more elegant, english is not my maternal tongue.

Not 200 times that of copper
I deleted the claim that "Amperium superconductor wire exhibits conductivity approximately 200 times that of copper wire of similar dimensions," for two reasons: GPS Pilot (talk) 10:31, 4 February 2016 (UTC)
 * It makes no sense, as the conductivity of a superconductor is infinite.
 * The cited source ( http://www.nature.com/news/2010/101008/full/news.2010.527.html ) makes no mention of either Amperium or conductivity.

Meissner effect figure misleading
The figure/movie in the "proposed applications" section showing the levitating vessels containing YBCO uses the caption "Like all superconductors, YBCO displays the Meissner effect."... As true as this may be, the levitating YBCO (and almost all similar levitation demonstrations, except for magnets floating above lead or niobium bowls) is not an example of the Meissner effect, but rather of flux pinning. While closely related phenomena, there is an important distinction between expelling all flux lines from the bulk (Meissner) and allowing flux lines to penetrate but force them to remain fixed (pinning). This isn't just nitpicking -- the pinning keeps the samples levitating stably at constant height/transverse position with respect to the track (and from falling off) while in the Meissner state the sample would just be pushed away from the track. (You can't do this sort of thing with lead.)

So I'm going ahead and changing it; please change my new version if you don't like it (but hopefully not to the Meissner explanation). Lambda(T) (talk) 21:49, 12 April 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Yttrium barium copper oxide


text:
Rose Estes

Rose Estes is the author of many fantasy and science fiction books, including full-length novels and multiple choice gamebooks.

Early life
Rose Estes began reading at the age of two, and as a child she was already imagining fantastic places. Before becoming a writer, she "put in time as a hippie, a student, a newspaper reporter, and an advertising copy writer." She has traveled extensively throughout the Americas. She has four children.

Career
As an employee of Tactical Studies Rules (TSR), Rose Estes thought of the idea for the Endless Quest gamebook product line, and wrote the first four books in the series, starting with Dungeon of Dread (1982). These first four Endless Quest books were on the Best Seller list for more than six months. TSR considered Endless Quest merely a fad, and moved to diversify the mainstream publishing it had begun; Estes and James M. Ward formed an education department for the company, but this failed because TSR did not hire any educational sales staff. After contributing extensively to TSR's Dungeons & Dragons Endless Quest series (of which she wrote the first six, as well as others later down the line), she wrote her first full-length novel, Children of the Dragon (1985).

After Gary Gygax left TSR, Estes wrote new novels in the "Greyhawk Adventures" series, beginning with Master Wolf (1987) and finishing with The Eyes Have It (1989). She continued to write for TSR by writing six volumes in a series of Greyhawk novels.

She contributed to other series, but continued to write books and start series of her own that, like Children of the Dragon, take place in a fantasy or science fiction world created by her own imagination. She also wrote the Golden Book Music Video Sing, Giggle and Grin.

Endless Quest
Books in the Endless Quest series:
 * Dungeon of Dread (Endless Quest Book 1) (1982)
 * Mountain of Mirrors (Endless Quest Book 2) (1982)
 * Pillars of Pentegarn (Endless Quest Book 3) (1983)
 * Return to Brookmere (Endless Quest Book 4) (1982)
 * Revolt of the Dwarves (Endless Quest Book 5) (1983)
 * Revenge of the Rainbow Dragons (Endless Quest Book 6) (1983)
 * Hero of Washington Square (Endless Quest Book 7) (1983)
 * Circus of Fear (Endless Quest Book 10)(1983)
 * Dragon of Doom (Endless Quest Book 13) (1983)

Mountain of Mirrors was converted into an adventure for the computer game Neverwinter Nights.

Find Your Fate

 * Indiana Jones and the Lost Treasure of Sheeba (1984)
 * The Three Investigators — The Case of the Dancing Dinosaur (1985)
 * The Trail of Death (1985)
 * The Mystery of the Turkish Tattoo (1986)

Greyhawk Adventures

 * Master Wolf (Greyhawk Adventures, Vol. 3) (1987)
 * The Price of Power (Greyhawk Adventures, Vol. 4) (1987)
 * The Demon Hand (Greyhawk Adventures, Vol. 5) (1988)
 * The Name of the Game (Greyhawk Adventures, Vol. 6) (1988)
 * Dragon in Amber (Greyhawk Adventure Series Vol. 7) (1988)
 * The Eyes Have It (A Greyhawk Adventures Series Vol. 8) (1989)

Her novel The Eyes have It uses exactly the same cover artwork (a Keith Parkinson painting) as the first Endless Quest Crimson Crystal Adventures gamebook, Riddle of the Griffon by Susan Lawson. In most instances, The Eyes Have It is given no volume number. It is not directly identified as part of the Greyhawk Adventures series on most websites, as well as official Dungeons and Dragons publications.

Hunter

 * The Hunter (1990)
 * The Hunter: On Arena (1991)
 * The Hunter: Victorious (1992)

Katherine Sinclair

 * Troll Quest (1995)
 * Troll Taken (1993)

Rune Sword Series

 * Skryling's Blade (Rune Sword, No. 2) (1990) (with Tom Wham)
 * The Stone of Time (Rune Sword, No. 6) (1992)

Saga of the Lost Lands

 * Saga of the Lost Lands: Blood of the Tiger (Vol. 1) (1987)
 * Saga of the Lost Lands: Brother to the Lion (Vol. 2) (1988)
 * Saga of the Lost Lands: Spirit of the Hawk (Vol. 3) (1988)

Other books

 * Children of the Dragon (1985)
 * Elfwood (1992)
 * Iron Dragons: Mountains and Madness (1993)
 * The Case of the Dancing Dinosaur (1985)
 * The Chow Chow Club, Inc. Celebrates 100 Years: 1906-2006 (2006)
 * The West Highland White Terrier. Its History Through Word, Art and Vintage Photographs
 * Vintage Photos of Terriers (2006)

title: Rose Estes


text:
User talk:Iulianursu

Hi Zora,

I really believe that my guru is worth to be on the list of founders of major religions, together with Buddha and Jesus. For your information, for it's obvious you don't know what you're talking about, She is not an "estimable fellow" but I would invite you first to get informed on the issue before claiming whether this is ridiculous or not. All the best.

Please stop adding your guru to the list of founders of major religions. I'm sure he's an estimable fellow, but he's not major enough to be put in a list with Buddha and Jesus. Please just STOP. You're making him look ridiculous through association with you. Is that what you want? Zora 22:43, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

Wikipedia 3RR rule.
Greetings. You are in danger of violating Wikipedia's three revert rule. If you make another revert to the List of founders of major religions you will be temporarily blocked from editing. Fire Star 23:49, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Iulianursu


text: Category:Indigenous languages of the North American Plains


text:
National Theatre (Washington, D.C.)

The National Theatre in the United States is located in downtown Washington, D.C., just east of the White House, and functions as a venue for live stage productions with seating for 1,676. Despite its name, it is not a governmentally funded national theatre, but operated by a private, non-profit organization.

History
The National Theatre was founded on December 7, 1835, by William Wilson Corcoran and other prominent citizens who wanted the national capital to have a first-rate theatre. The theatre's initial production was Man of the World. It was purchased in 1844 by Benjamin Ogle Tayloe of the B.O. Tayloe House for $13,950. The theatre has been in almost continuous operation since, at the same Pennsylvania Avenue location a few blocks from the White House. Its name was changed at times to "Grover's National Theatre," and "Grover's Theatre" when it was managed by Leonard Grover. Famed actor Joseph Jefferson managed the theatre at one time. The structure has been rebuilt several times, including partial reconstructions after five fires in the 19th century. The current building, at 1321 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, was constructed in 1923, opening in September of that year. Located three blocks from the White House, the theater has entertained every U.S. President since Andrew Jackson. On April 14, 1865, Tad Lincoln was attending a performance of Aladdin and the Wonderful Lamp at Grover's Theater when his father, President Abraham Lincoln, was assassinated at nearby Ford's Theatre.

Like many theatres in the U.S. before the Civil Rights Movement, the National Theatre was racially segregated. Black actors were allowed to appear on stage, but African American audience members were relegated to a special section. During the Washington run of Porgy and Bess in 1936, the cast, led by Todd Duncan, protested the audience's segregation. Duncan stated that he "would never play in a theatre which barred him from purchasing tickets to certain seats because of his race." Management allowed for the first integrated performance at National Theatre. A movement to integrate the playhouse was spearheaded by actor Helen Hayes, educator Gilbert V. Hartke, O.P., Washington art impresario Patrick Hayes, and Washington Post theatre critic Richard L. Coe. When that effort failed, they persuaded Actors Equity performers to refuse to play at the theatre. Rather than desegregate, the New York management discontinued live performances in 1948. One prestige attraction, the Washington premier of the British film The Red Shoes, was presented. Earlier in 1941, Walt Disney's Fantasia played at the theatre for seven weeks, also as a prestige attraction. Then the theatre remained dark until it reopened as an integrated theater in 1952.

In 1970, the theatre came under the management of the Nederlander Organization. In 1974, the not-for-profit National Theatre Corporation was established by Roger L. Stevens, Maurice B. Tobin, Donn B. Murphy, and others to save the failing enterprise, in the wake of racial riots, and a downtown made unfashionable by the growth of the surrounding suburbs.

The theatre underwent a major renovation in 1982–1983 when the original wing housing dressing rooms was replaced with a modern structure. The refurbished structure opened in concert with the redevelopment of that part of downtown Washington, D.C., which included The Shops at National Place, the 774-room flagship JW Marriott Hotel, and National Press Club. Stage designer Oliver Smith supervised the interior design.

The 1835 stone foundations and brick stage house still exist, although the rock work is now reinforced with steel caissons to resist erosion by the Tiber Creek, which flows beneath the building. From the stage, President Ronald Reagan saluted the refurbished "neighborhood theatre" in January 1984.

Among the Broadway productions which have had out-of-town try-outs at the National are Amadeus, Beetlejuice, Crazy for You, Hello, Dolly!, If/Then, Show Boat, Mean Girls, and West Side Story.

In 2012, Jam Theatricals assumed operations for the theatre from the Shubert Organization. Jam Theatricals and Nederlander National Markets LLC merged in 2019, and the Nederlander family resumed management of the theater.

Performers
The many performers who have appeared at the theatre include Pearl Bailey, Ethel Barrymore, Lionel Barrymore and John Barrymore, Warren Beatty, Sarah Bernhardt, Claire Bloom, Edwin Booth, John Wilkes Booth, Fanny Brice, Tom Burke, Carol Channing, George M. Cohan, Claudette Colbert, Katharine Cornell, Hume Cronyn, Tim Curry, Denishawn, Ruth Draper, Todd Duncan, Maurice Evans, Craig Ferguson, Lillian Gish, Ruth Gordon, Valerie Harper, Julie Harris, Rex Harrison, Helen Hayes, Audrey Hepburn, Katharine Hepburn, Joseph Jefferson, James Earl Jones, Lucille La Verne, Eva LeGallienne, Jerry Lewis, Alfred Lunt and Lynn Fontanne, Eartha Kitt, Ian McKellen, Mary Martin, Ethel Merman, Idina Menzel, Virginia Monier, Rita Moreno, Helen Morgan, Rosie O'Donnell, Laurence Olivier, Annie Oakley, Geraldine Page, Robert Redford, Debbie Reynolds, Chita Rivera, Will Rogers, Rosalind Russell, George C. Scott, Kevin Spacey, Sting, Jessica Tandy, Norma Terris, Marlo Thomas, Lily Tomlin, Franchot Tone, Rip Torn and Liv Ullmann. Winston Churchill once spoke from the stage.

Operations
The National Theatre has expanded its activities to include not only Broadway musical performances, but also concerts, lectures, opera, ballet, seminars, and receptions. The National Theatre Foundation is the non-profit organization that oversees operations of the theatre, as well as management of a suite of free community engagement programs including ''Saturday Morning Live! At The National, Community Stage Connections, and Teens Behind the Scenes''. David J. Kitto is the Executive Director. The National Theatre Group (Nederlander National Markets LLC) manages the daily activities of the theatre and provides content for the main stage.

title: National Theatre (Washington, D.C.)


text:
List of Washington Capitals head coaches

The Washington Capitals are an American professional ice hockey team based in Washington, D.C. The Capitals play in the Metropolitan Division of the Eastern Conference in the National Hockey League (NHL). The team joined the NHL in 1974 as an expansion team and won their first Eastern Conference championship in 1998. The Capitals have played their home games at the Capital One Arena, formerly known as the MCI Center and Verizon Center, since 1997. The Capitals are owned by Ted Leonsis, and Brian MacLellan is their general manager.

There have been 18 head coaches for the Capitals franchise. The franchise's first head coach was Jim Anderson, who coached for less than a season. Bryan Murray is the franchise's all-time leader for the most regular-season games coached (672), the most regular-season game wins (343), the most regular-season points (769), the most playoff games coached (53), and the most playoff-game wins (24). Murray's brother, Terry, has also coached the Capitals, right after his brother Bryan. Roger Crozier, who only coached one game for the Capitals, is the franchise's all-time leader for the least regular-season game points (0). Ron Wilson won the Prince of Wales Trophy with the Capitals, but lost the 1998 Stanley Cup Finals against the Detroit Red Wings. Bryan Murray, Bruce Boudreau and Barry Trotz are the only Capitals coaches to have won the Jack Adams Award. None of the Capitals coaches have been elected into the Hockey Hall of Fame as a builder. Anderson, Danny Belisle, Gary Green, Crozier, Glen Hanlon, Dale Hunter and Adam Oates have spent their entire NHL head coaching careers with the Capitals.

Dale Hunter, who replaced Boudreau on November 28, 2011, resigned on May 14, 2012, citing personal reasons. Adam Oates was named the Capitals' 16th head coach on June 26, 2012. After having missed the playoffs for the second time in seven years, the Washington Capitals hired former Nashville Predators coach Barry Trotz on May 26, 2014. Trotz resigned as head coach in June 2018, after winning the Stanley Cup for the first time in the franchise's history. Later that same month, the team promoted Todd Reirden, a Capitals assistant coach since 2014, to the head coaching position.

Coaches
Note: Statistics are correct through the end of the 2023–24 NHL season.


text: Template:Infobox consort styles

title: Template:Infobox consort styles


text: User talk:70.52.6.147

title: User talk:70.52.6.147


text:
Talk:Middle French

[Untitled]
Foutre chaud! Les gueux vont festoyer gaiement apres avoir entendu pareilles bilvesées!

Would a speaker of Modern French be able to understand a speaker of Middle French, say, spoken around the year 1430???

Does anyone know if there are any translators out there for English into Middle French, or even French into Middle French? Why, even a traditional dictionary in either would be nice. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 138.234.124.151 (talk) 14:58, 23 March 2009 (UTC)

Regarding the 18th century pronunciation of 'beau'
In this page, the pronunciation of the word 'beau' in the 18th century is written /bio/, and I am afraid this information is incorrect.

Dans quelques mots, l'usage rend e muet. ex) Beau, Trupeau. In some words, the usage [of the letter] makes e mute. ex) beau /boː/, trupeau /try.poː/

(D'Aisy, 1674)

Ainsi, en montrant aux disciples ces différentes combinaisons, ba, beau, ban, boient (Modern spelling: baient), il faut les accoutumer à prononcer tout d'un coup ba, bô, ban, bê, sans leur faire nommer les lettres, ...

Thus, in showing the disciples these different combinations: ba, beau, ban, boient (this would be spelt 'baient' in modern French orthography), they have to be accustomed to pronouncing ba, bô, ban, bê all at once, without naming the letters, ...

(D'Açarq, 1760)

Therefore, I think the more probable pronunciation of 'beau' at that time would have rather been /boː/ than /bio/. Kjh041226 (talk) 10:09, 17 October 2022 (UTC)

Phonological history: now with loan words
I like the phonological history section, but I wonder if it might be being hampered by the fact that only latinate words are discussed. Words loaned from other languages might add to the illustration. Most notably I'm thinking of course of the h aspiré, but no doubt there are other interesting developments in loans. Certainly I can go in and add some, but I want to make sure that I'm not violating some unspoken rule in doing so. Jeeibleh (talk) 01:10, 17 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Middle French


text:
Fey, Switzerland

Fey is a municipality in the district of Gros-de-Vaud in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

History
Fey is first mentioned in 1228 as Fei.

Geography
Fey has an area,, of 7.35 km2. Of this area, 5.03 km2 or 68.4% is used for agricultural purposes, while 1.94 km2 or 26.4% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 0.42 km2 or 5.7% is settled (buildings or roads) and 0.01 km2 or 0.1% is unproductive land.

Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 2.4% and transportation infrastructure made up 2.9%. Out of the forested land, all of the forested land area is covered with heavy forests. Of the agricultural land, 52.0% is used for growing crops and 15.5% is pastures.

The municipality was part of the Echallens District until it was dissolved on 31 August 2006, and Fey became part of the new district of Gros-de-Vaud.

The municipality is located in the Gros-de-Vaud region.

Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Argent, a Beech Tree eradicated Vert.

Demographics
Fey has a population of. , 11.9% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (1999–2009 ) the population has changed at a rate of 28.7%. It has changed at a rate of 26.3% due to migration and at a rate of 2.8% due to births and deaths.

Most of the population speaks French (402 or 95.3%), with German being second most common (6 or 1.4%) and Portuguese being third (6 or 1.4%). There is 1 person who speaks Italian.

Of the population in the municipality 138 or about 32.7% were born in Fey and lived there in 2000. There were 179 or 42.4% who were born in the same canton, while 61 or 14.5% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 41 or 9.7% were born outside of Switzerland.

In there were 2 live births to Swiss citizens and were 4 deaths of Swiss citizens. Ignoring immigration and emigration, the population of Swiss citizens decreased by 2 while the foreign population remained the same. There was 1 Swiss woman who emigrated from Switzerland. At the same time, there were 2 non-Swiss men who immigrated from another country to Switzerland and 1 non-Swiss woman who emigrated from Switzerland to another country. The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was an increase of 28 and the non-Swiss population increased by 14 people. This represents a population growth rate of 8.4%.

The age distribution,, in Fey is; 71 children or 12.9% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 72 teenagers or 13.0% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 50 people or 9.1% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 84 people or 15.2% are between 30 and 39, 107 people or 19.4% are between 40 and 49, and 60 people or 10.9% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 53 people or 9.6% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 33 people or 6.0% are between 70 and 79, there are 16 people or 2.9% who are between 80 and 89, and there are 6 people or 1.1% who are 90 and older.

, there were 170 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 199 married individuals, 34 widows or widowers and 19 individuals who are divorced.

, there were 178 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.3 persons per household. There were 55 households that consist of only one person and 10 households with five or more people. Out of a total of 181 households that answered this question, 30.4% were households made up of just one person and there was 1 adult who lived with their parents. Of the rest of the households, there are 44 married couples without children, 65 married couples with children There were 10 single parents with a child or children. There were 3 households that were made up of unrelated people and 3 households that were made up of some sort of institution or another collective housing.

there were 52 single family homes (or 43.7% of the total) out of a total of 119 inhabited buildings. There were 33 multi-family buildings (27.7%), along with 23 multi-purpose buildings that were mostly used for housing (19.3%) and 11 other use buildings (commercial or industrial) that also had some housing (9.2%). Of the single family homes 22 were built before 1919, while 6 were built between 1990 and 2000. The most multi-family homes (19) were built before 1919 and the next most (4) were built between 1919 and 1945. There was 1 multi-family house built between 1996 and 2000.

there were 196 apartments in the municipality. The most common apartment size was 4 rooms of which there were 50. There were 6 single room apartments and 70 apartments with five or more rooms. Of these apartments, a total of 172 apartments (87.8% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 16 apartments (8.2%) were seasonally occupied and 8 apartments (4.1%) were empty. , the construction rate of new housing units was 0 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality,, was 0%.

The historical population is given in the following chart:

Politics
In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SVP which received 28.29% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SP (21.86%), the Green Party (17.07%) and the FDP (12.88%). In the federal election, a total of 138 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 40.4%.

Economy
, Fey had an unemployment rate of 5%. , there were 38 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 15 businesses involved in this sector. 49 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 6 businesses in this sector. 31 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 10 businesses in this sector. There were 210 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 33.8% of the workforce.

the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 99. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 29, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 47 of which 4 or (8.5%) were in manufacturing and 43 (91.5%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 23. In the tertiary sector; 11 or 47.8% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 2 or 8.7% were in a hotel or restaurant, 3 or 13.0% were in education and 1 was in health care.

, there were 31 workers who commuted into the municipality and 156 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 5.0 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. Of the working population, 9% used public transportation to get to work, and 67.1% used a private car.

Transport
The municipality has a railway station, Fey, on the suburban Lausanne–Bercher line.

Religion
From the, 86 or 20.4% were Roman Catholic, while 268 or 63.5% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there was 1 member of an Orthodox church, and there were 26 individuals (or about 6.16% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There was 1 individual who was Islamic. 45 (or about 10.66% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 8 individuals (or about 1.90% of the population) did not answer the question.

Education
In Fey about 169 or (40.0%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 40 or (9.5%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 40 who completed tertiary schooling, 57.5% were Swiss men, 37.5% were Swiss women.

In the 2009/2010 school year there were a total of 85 students in the Fey school district. In the Vaud cantonal school system, two years of non-obligatory pre-school are provided by the political districts. During the school year, the political district provided pre-school care for a total of 296 children of which 96 children (32.4%) received subsidized pre-school care. The canton's primary school program requires students to attend for four years. There were 52 students in the municipal primary school program. The obligatory lower secondary school program lasts for six years and there were 33 students in those schools.

, there were 32 students in Fey who came from another municipality, while 58 residents attended schools outside the municipality.

Weather
Climate in this area has mild differences between highs and lows, and there is adequate rainfall year-round. The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is "Cfb". (Marine West Coast Climate/Oceanic climate).

title: Fey, Switzerland


text:
User talk:Kourosh ziabari

I've warned the user vandalizing Kourosh Ziabari. If he persists, please list him at Administrator intervention against vandalism. I'm not an admin and can't block him, but am flattered to be mistaken for one. N (t/c) 22:48, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

Kourosh Ziabari userfied
As a result of the discussion at Votes for deletion/Kourosh Ziabari, the contents of the article formerly at Kourosh Ziabari has been moved to your user page. --Allen3 talk 12:26, August 30, 2005 (UTC)

Image:16 copy.jpg listed for deletion
An image or media file that you uploaded, Image:16 copy.jpg, has been listed at Images and media for deletion. Please look there to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted. Thank you. Black and White USERTALKCONTRIBS 01:38, 18 April 2006 (UTC)

Your RFA
I have just de-listed and closed your RFA per WP:SNOW. You may wish to review the Guide to RfA before submitting future nominations, as well as well as here and here, both of which list the more highly-supported RfAs. Additionally, admin coaching is a useful aid for editors interested in becoming an administrator. If I can assist you at all, please do not hesitate to contact me. -Dureo (talk) 13:41, 14 May 2008 (UTC)

Farabi
Please prove your point about origin of Farabi. Because, there was not any iranian people at those times. Origin of Farabi is so controversial. He was born and raised in Turkestan, which is definetely not related to Persia or Iran anyhow. Peace.Ashkazakh (talk) 02:20, 15 May 2008 (UTC)

Your recent edits
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Pics in Tourism
I have answered to your request in my Talk page. Feel free to continue the discussion in the article's Talk page.--Mariordo (talk) 03:22, 14 September 2008 (UTC)

Rasht
Thanks bro for editing Rasht's article Joojoo

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November 2008
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Tehran deletion
The pictures represent the top 40 expensive cities in order from 1 to 40 according to Mercer's survey (which is skewed towards the expenses of the rich). Most cities outside the top 40 (e.g. Hamburg, Los Angeles, New Delhi, Jakarta, etc.) are clearly important cities as well. In fact, being high in this list has no relationship with the importance of a city, however you would define that. It doesn't even correlate with the desirability to live there (Moscow likely isn't the greatest place to live). I stopped adding pictures at 40, as that number of thumbnails approximately fit next to the current text. There's just no room and it wouldn't make much sense to depict all cities that happen to be part of the survey. Cheers, Afasmit (talk) 22:20, 12 November 2008 (UTC)

dorood
I saw you are a journalist doing important stuff. Can you enable your Wikipedia e-mail? I had some questions with regards to your userpage. Thanks --Nepaheshgar (talk) 23:55, 16 November 2008 (UTC)

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ANI notice, photo resolution
Hello,. This message is being sent to inform you that there currently is a discussion at Administrators' noticeboard/Incidents regarding your uploading photographies that appear to be copyvios. Thank you.

Please notice my comment about photo resolution. The thumbnails are automatically done by the wikimedia software. Please make images with higher resolution software or use directly the file produced by the camera if it's not too big (bigger than 1.5 megabytes, for example). If you keep uploading files at small sizes and web resolution then people is going to think that you copied them from somewhere. Consider using commons, as all files uploaded there are automatically made available for wikipedia articles just as if they had been uploaded here (unless wikipedia already has an image with the exact same name). I'm sure that the people at Commons would love to host a 2034x1728 version of your rasht square image --Enric Naval (talk) 23:47, 3 December 2008 (UTC)

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ArbCom elections are now open!
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title: User talk:Kourosh ziabari


text: User talk:68.99.17.211

title: User talk:68.99.17.211


text:
Beckford

Beckford refers to:

 * Beckford, Worcestershire, a village in England
 * Beckford (Princess Anne, Maryland), listed on the NRHP in Maryland
 * Beckford (surname), people with the surname Beckford

title: Beckford


text:
Don Roper

Donald George Beaumont Roper (14 December 1922 – 8 June 2001) was an English footballer who played for Southampton and Arsenal, winning two league titles with the latter in the 1947–48 and 1952–53 seasons. Playing as a winger, he made nearly 300 appearances for Arsenal, scoring 88 goals. In addition to playing association football, Roper also made one appearance in first-class cricket for Hampshire in 1947.

Football
Roper was born in December 1922 at Botley, Hampshire. He was a prolific schoolboy footballer, who played for Hedge End at youth level and played his early league football for Bitterne Nomads in the Hampshire League. It was while playing for Bitterne Nomads what he was scouted by Toby Keleher, assistant manager to Tom Parker, and in July 1940 was persuaded to sign for his local club, Southampton, making his debut for them during wartime matches. During the war, he was employed in Southampton at the Supermarine factory, where he helped to manufacture the Spitfire. During the war, he was Southampton's leading goalscorer in wartime competitions, having formed a successful strike partnership with Ted Bates. Against Arsenal in 1944, his performance in a 4–2 victory was described as "remarkable", with then Arsenal manager George Allison monitoring his development as a player. By the resumption of competitive football in 1946, Roper had established himself as a "two-footed powerful (right) winger" in the Football League Second Division.

After impressing in the Second Division in 1946–47, he was signed by Arsenal in the close season by Allison's successor Tom Whittaker (who had watched Roper at The Dell eleven times during that season) for £12,000, plus George Curtis and Tom Rudkin moving in the opposite direction, an estimated total fee of £24,000. His move to Arsenal was described as "one of the most drawn-out and delicate deals in the history of football transfers". Roper immediately became a regular for Arsenal, playing 40 times and scoring ten goals in 1947–48, as Arsenal won the First Division. He formed partnerships with Archie Macaulay and Ronnie Rooke, with Arsenal's success being in stark contrast to their previous season, in which they had avoided relegation. He switched to the left wing in 1949–50, but was displaced by both Denis Compton and Freddie Cox in Arsenal's FA Cup-winning side of 1950. The loss of his first-team place proved to be temporary, with him regaining his place in the Arsenal side from the 1950–51 season.

After a strong start in the 1950–51 season, where Arsenal competed with Newcastle United for the league leadership in the opening weeks of the season, their season fell away. This was attributed to problems on the Arsenal wings, with Compton having given up playing, Ian McPherson being less effective, and Roper losing speed due to an increase in his weight; Roper built a reputation for his "gargantuan appetite" appetite at Highbury. He later played in Arsenal's 1952 FA Cup final defeat to Newcastle United, although in that match he was forced to deputise for full back Walley Barnes after Barnes was stretchered off with an injury, with his performance in the match being described as "outstanding". During the 1952–53 season, Roper enjoyed one of his finest seasons, winning another League title, in which he scored 14 goals in 41 appearances. Earlier in the season, in a friendly match against Hibernian, he scored 5 times; the match was one of the first in the country to be played under floodlights and televised in the evening. Roper's performances during that season earned him an England B cap against Scotland B, although he never played for the full England side. He played for another two seasons as a first-team regular, but lost his Arsenal first-team place during 1955–56, dropping to the reserves. He played 321 matches for Arsenal in total, scoring 95 goals in league and cup competitions.

Roper rejoined former club Southampton who were now in the Third Division (South), in January 1957. He went on to become club captain, playing alongside star player Derek Reeves and the young Terry Paine. At the end of the 1958–59 season, Roper fell out with the club over terms and alleged promises from Ted Bates that he would be given post-playing employment as a club trainer, and left holding a grudge which he never overcame, refusing to attend any club reunions or even to visit The Dell. In 1993, he was visited by Bill Stroud who attempted to persuade Roper, in vain, to forgo his grudge against Bates and attend his 75th birthday celebrations. During his second spell at Southampton, he played in 80 matches and scored 32 goals. He finished his career by playing for Weymouth under the management of Arthur Coles during the 1959–60 season, and Dorchester Town from the 1960–61 season, finally retiring from the game in 1963, having made 103 appearances for Dorchester Town, in which he scored 31 goals.

Cricket
Described by Wisden as a "useful middle order batsman", Roper made a single appearance as an amateur in first-class cricket for Hampshire against Cambridge University at Portsmouth in 1947. Batting twice in the match, he was dismissed in Hampshire's first innings for 30 runs by Michael Mills, while in their second innings he was dismissed without scoring by Guy Willatt. After joining Arsenal, he played club cricket in London for Southgate Cricket Club.

Later life and death
After retiring from football, he settled in Southampton and worked as an engineer in the aviation industry, before working for a local engineering firm which went out of business in the 1980s, forcing him into an early retirement. In his latter years, he was afflicted by Parkinson's disease, succumbing to the disease at Southampton in June 2001, at the age of 78. He was survived by his wife, Joyce, and their two sons.

Honours

 * Arsenal
 * First Division championship: 1947–48, 1952–53
 * FA Cup runner-up: 1952
 * FA Charity Shield: 1948, 1953

title: Don Roper


text:
Alpha Chi

Alpha Chi National College Honor Society (or ΑΧ) is an American collegiate honor society recognizing achievements in general scholarship. It was formed in 1922 by nineteen schools in the state of Texas; however, the first official meeting to discuss the founding of an intercollegiate honor society, held on February 22, 1922, only saw five schools represented. Since then it has expanded to 300 chapters throughout the United States. It is an open society that invites university juniors, seniors, and graduate students who are in the top 10 percent of their class into its ranks.

History
In 1915, Southwestern University President Charles M. Bishop created an honor society to encourage and promote superior students. Faculty at Southwestern reached out to four other colleges and universities in Texas to create an intercollegiate honor society. On February 22, 1922, the Scholarship Societies of Texas were formed. A year later, representatives from 13 schools met on the campus of the University of Texas at Austin and six other schools mailed in votes to establish the organization's first constitution. These 19 schools went on to establish their chapters of the organization including the Nolle Scholarship Society at Southwest Texas State Normal College, now known as Texas State University–San Marcos. Between 1926 and 1927 the honor society expanded to schools in Arkansas and Louisiana resulting in the name changing to the Scholarship Societies of the South. Dean Alfred H. Nolle, after whom Southwest Texas' chapter was named, became President of the newly named organization; Nolle would later serve as the secretary-treasurer for nearly 50 years. With plans for further expansion, in 1934 the organization voted to change its name again, this time to Alpha Chi. The name was chosen such that its initials AX would come from the Greek words aletheia for truth and χαρακτήρ for the character.

At the 2007 National Convention, a membership category for graduate students was created allowing them, as well as college juniors and seniors, to join the society. Its current headquarters is located in Little Rock, Arkansas.

Symbols
The society's colors are emeral green and sapphire blue. Its motto is "You shall know the truth and the truth shall make you free."

Membership
The Alpha Chi Honor Society is open to college juniors, seniors, and graduate students who are in the top 10% of their class. Invitations to join the organization are issued directly to eligible students by faculty advisors of active Alpha Chi chapters. The society inducts about 10,000 new members each year through its 300 currently active chapters.

Publications
Alpha Chi publishes two magazines: Aletheia and Kalo. Aletheia serves as the society's peer-reviewed academic journal for undergraduate student members, featuring papers and essays from a wide variety of academic disciplines.

Awards
The national headquarters for Alpha Chi sponsors 43 scholarships and fellowships to members, totaling US$83000 each year. Undergraduate students can receive the Gaston/Nolle Scholarship to help fund their senior year of college. Undergraduate students who will be attending their first year of graduate school can compete for the Sledge/Benedict Fellowship. Other active members who are currently, or will be, graduate student can earn the Pryor/Organ/Freeman Fellowship. Alpha Chi's regions offer scholarships, and individual collegiate chapters may also offer their scholarships.

title: Alpha Chi


text:
User talk:A7812

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User talk:Chrisleeclark

Welcome!

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