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Bomb (The Young Ones)

"Bomb" is the fourth episode of British sitcom The Young Ones. It was written by Ben Elton, Rik Mayall and Lise Mayer, and directed by Paul Jackson. It was first aired on BBC2 on 30 November 1982. The episode notably satirises the then-current anxieties of a potential nuclear war, and features references to the Protect and Survive pamphlets intended to be distributed in the UK in the event of such a conflict.

Plot
The episode opens with footage of a US Air Force B-1 Lancer bomber dropping a payload, revealed to be a huge red atom bomb that lands into the quartet's house. Neil fails to notice the real reason for an enormous hole in the ceiling when he gets out of bed to do the breakfast, assuming that one of his flatmates had put it there somehow. Eventually Vyvyan points out that the atom bomb is perched against the refrigerator. The initial panic is diverted by the arrival of a sadistic television licence officer who wants blood, but soon the quartet returns to the emergency at hand.

Mike tries negotiating with Libya to make a profit out of the bomb while Rick uses the bomb in attempts to make threats to the British government (his efforts at sending a threatening telegram through the Post Office fail when it turns out he has mistakenly walked into the DHSS). Neil, ever the pragmatist, sets out his personal survival plan ("I'm going to consult the incredibly helpful Protect and Survive manual!") and Vyvyan tries to speed up the detonation procedure. The final tick of the clock prior to the "explosion" proves to be a little disappointing, with the bomb hatching like an egg and a small aeroplane appearing out of the bomb, flying out of the room, and circling outside the house (thus implying the bomb was merely an "egg" of the bomber).

Characters
As with all episodes of The Young Ones, the main four characters were student housemates Mike (Christopher Ryan), Vyvyan (Adrian Edmondson), Rick (Rik Mayall) and Neil (Nigel Planer). Mayall and Planer also appear as two wisecracking golfers who sing before a studio audience. Alexei Sayle starred as Reggie Balowski, a wisecracking used car dealer and son of the students' landlord, Jerzei. Roger Sloman appeared as the television license officer named "Right Bleedin' Bastard."

title: Bomb (The Young Ones)


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Shilavo

Shilabo (Shilaabo; also spelled "Scilave", "Shelabo") is a town in eastern Ethiopia, in the Korahe Zone of the Somali Region. It is the administrative center of Shilabo woreda.

History
During the 1963 Ogaden rebellion, Shilaabo was blockaded and shelled by the Ethiopian Imperial Army as a reprisal for local support to the insurgency.

Somali military units supported the Western Somali Liberation Front's attack on an Ethiopian military unit outside Silavo in June 1982, which led to a renewal of hostilities between the two countries.

The former President of neighbouring Somalia, Maj. General Mohamed Siyad Barre, was born in Shilaabo, although he later claimed he was born in Garbahaarreey so he would be eligible to serve in the Italian colonial police force.

The mayor of Shilabo, Mahdi Badal Omar was arrested in July 1995, for allegedly being a member of the Ogaden National Liberation Front.

Demographics
Based on 2005 figures from the Central Statistical Agency, Shilavo has an estimated total population of 7,239 of whom 3,877 are men and 3,362 are women. The 1997 census reported this town had a total population of 4,853 of whom 2,561 were men and 2,383 women. The largest ethnic group reported in this town was the Somali (98.95%)1994 Population and Housing Census of Ethiopia: Results for Somali Region, Vol. 1 Tables 2.4, 2.13 (accessed 10 January 2009). The results of the 1994 census in the Somali Region were not satisfactory, so the census was repeated in 1997.

The city is primarily inhabited by the muse gumcadle subclan of Ogaden ,makahil]2nd [Bahgari sub clan of [DAROD,OGADEN], [[Marehan sub clan of Daarod, the Ogaden subclan of Daarod and a small community of the Hawadle subclan of Hawiye But the majority clan is Bahgeri

One of the famous people from Shilavo are Dalmar AWil Gorod,  Mahdi Badal Omar  and Ugas Farah Sahal

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Shilavo


text:
Nikolaus Becker

Nikolaus Becker (8 October 1809, Bonn, Rhin-et-Moselle – 28 August 1845 in the Hünshoven district of Geilenkirchen) was a German lawyer and writer. His one poem of note was the 1840 "Rheinlied" (Rhine song) which was set to music over 70 times, the most famous setting being Die Wacht am Rhein.

The Rhine Song
While the French–German enmity already was about 200 years old, it was inspired by the Rhine crisis of 1840, caused by the French prime minister Adolphe Thiers, who again voiced demands that France should own the left bank of the Rhine (described as France's "natural boundary"), as France had done decades earlier during Napoleons reign. In response, Becker wrote a poem called Rheinlied, which contained the verse: "Sie sollen ihn nicht haben, den freien, deutschen Rhein ..." (They shall not have him, the free, German Rhine).

This patriotic poem brought him much praise throughout Germany. The Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm IV sent him 1000 Thaler, and King Ludwig I of Bavaria honoured him with a goblet. The "Rheinlied" was set to music over 70 times, amongst others by Robert Schumann, and other Rheinlied songs followed, the most famous being Die Wacht am Rhein. The wording was mostly defensive.

The French answered, with Alfred de Musset: "Nous l'avons eu, votre Rhin allemand" (We've had him, your German Rhine) rubbing salt into the wounds Napoleon and others had caused, while Lamartine's "Peace Marseillaise" (1841) was peaceful.

He published a volume of more poems in 1841, but none achieved much popularity.

title: Nikolaus Becker


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Talk:Breton nationalism

wrong definition
(sorry if I don't post at the right place, never did before. You can delete this after you corrected the article) It's wrong to say that the emsav is breton nationalism. There is/are internationalists breton political parties and militants who are emsaverien (someone from the emsav = emsaver)[for exemple the democrate breton union is an internationalist parti of the Emsav] because the Emsav isn't only political, it's also cultural [source : "Emsav, dictionnaire critique, historique et biographique, le mouvement breton de A à Z" Coop Breizh]. Nationalism is only a part it. I'll try to find someone to help with writing this article because I don't know much about it, I was just shocked when I read emsav= nationalism...

Thank you if you're able to correct it (and sorry about mistakes, I'm breton so english isn't my native language) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 90.30.137.196 (talk) 22:31, 11 May 2013 (UTC)

EDIT : also, using the word "province" is wrong for two reasons 1)provonces don't exist anymore in france since there are regions 2)it means "vinquished land" and Historically, Brittany wasn't "vinquished" it was an union between France and Brittany. I haven't read the whole page yet and I won't, As I said I'll find someone who knows the subject better to help with it. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 90.30.137.196 (talk) 22:38, 11 May 2013 (UTC)

[Untitled]
This Page should be cleaned up to conform to higher standards —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 12.38.86.36 (talk • contribs) 20:12 29 August 2005 (UTC).

 * Page now cleaned up to improve English and resolve some translation issues that had led to the article contradicting itself. However, the article really could use expert attention from someone who knows about French and Breton nationalism, which I don't! Therefore I've removed the copyedit tag but replaced ith with the expert tag.  ●R  EDVERS  HELLO ●  EMAIL  ●  DOINGS 12:04, 30 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Eek! I wouldn't have advised using the page on fr as any sort of basis for translation at all. fr:Nationalisme breton is a disgraceful article. Its tone is that of an essay not a report, its thesis is basically hostile to the subject, and the dominant theme is a linguistic dance around whether the term 'nationalism' can be applied to anything anywhere. I'm afraid I can't really pose as an 'expert', but I'll see what I can do. QuartierLatin1968 [[Image:Red flag waving transparent.png|20px|El bien mas preciado es la libertad]] 19:10, 16 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Sixteen years later, I have tidied up what I could see of untidy English grammar, comprehensively rephrasing in past tense as befits a history article. Please also see my talk point below querying one particular sentence.Cloptonson (talk) 20:31, 26 August 2022 (UTC)

Urz Goanag Breiz
Political movements in Brittany (1930-1950) Urz Goanag Breiz (Order of the Breton Hope)

Youth movement for Celtic revival founded in 1943 by Y.-V. Perrot and H. Caouissin, on the model of the Welsh movement Urdd Gobaith Cymru (Order of the Welsh Hope). needs to be added. Chris 23:29, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

Sentence needs making sense
This sentence (section History, subsection Marginalization and radicalization of the 1930s, sub-subsection From Pan-Celticism to racialism), which appears to be a direct translation from a French original article, reads confusingly to English eyes - the contentious phrase is boldened:

Mordrel praised the Italian fascist regime in 1935, leased the Nazi German regime in 1936, ''and there advocated the purity of the race of "Nordic Breton type." ''

The "leased" appears to be a mistranslation - please clarify.Cloptonson (talk) 20:23, 26 August 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Breton nationalism


text:
Talk:Walther P99

P22 Link
Modified the description of the P22 for factual accuracy —Preceding unsigned comment added by Ipsofacto2244 (talk • contribs) 23:39, 31 August 2008 (UTC)

Specs on P99C
We need to add the dimensions of the compact P99C variant to the specifications table.

Here, feel free to add this in the article.

Model-: P99C AS Caliber-: 9mm Barrel Length: 3.5" Dimensions, L/H/W: 6.6"/4.3"/1.3" Weight (without Mag): 18.7 oz. Sights: 3-dot adj. Magazine Capacity: 10 Rounds Trigger: AS Trigger Weight: 11 lbs./5 lbs.

Source: http://www.smith-wesson.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/ProductDisplay?storeId=10002&catalogId=13152&langId=-1&productId=58942&tabselected=tech&isFirearm=Y&parent_category_rn=43803 —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.211.55.164 (talk) 01:21, 19 May 2008 (UTC)

Magazine Capacity
Does anyone know why Walther changed the magazine capacity from 16 to 15 rounds for the 9mm version?

 * I cannot cite you the exact place I read it, but the column of 9mm rounds, at 16 was so tight that it caused problems for some users when inserting a the fully loaded box magazine. Hence, Walther made it 15 rounds. I've been able to handle the 16 round mags and can tell you that you need to be forceful when inserting them into the grip.  Almost unnecessarily so.  For what it's worth, you can just buy the SW99 magazine @ 16, I think they are still made; these will fit the Walther without a problem. But only if your state of residence allows for high capacity magazines ;-) --Sirimiri 08:56, 2 July 2006 (UTC)

Speaking of magazine capacity I just did an edit relating to the section on that. Someone added another state after California and I was going to just fix the plurality error, but decided to just delete the state reference instead. So many states and localities including california, hawaii, ny city, dc, mass, and new jersey have magazine limits that could impact the p99 and full cap mags I don't see any reason to discuss them here. If you're interested in that information you need to be looking up state assault weapons bans, not the p99 entry imho. - Soy - 12 August 2006.

Leave the James Bond
While I agree with not listing every fictious event in which it appeared, the P99 is deeply woven into the James Bond's movies.

Some sort of note about this does seem in order since it's a Bond icon. Just as long as it stays sort of brief and doesn't grow into a huge listing of pop culture occurences like before. --Junky 14:31, 28 June 2006 (UTC)

 * It won't. People will come in without reading the talk page and add reams of info about Splinter Cell or this and that movie, and will bludgeon the article with more fictitious references.  I think the "P99 in pop culture" is a good category for it, maybe with a link at the bottom of this article? --Sirimiri 00:09, 29 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Again, people are trying to add "James Bond" info into the beginning of the article. The importance and main thrust of this encyclopedia article is the weapon itself. A small blurb about Bond in pop culture wouldn't hurt, but placing it near the top muddies the primacy of the article, in my opinion. In the past, it has also invited subsequent edits that make the article become a paean to Bond, the P99 in all sorts of fictitious video games, movies, etc. and the consensus among users on this page was that such stuff belongs in a "P99 in popular culture" article. --Sirimiri 16:58, 23 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Agree with Sirimiri, rather have no mention at all of Bond than a section that grows out of control with all sorts of references to video games. Perhaps a wikilink to the James Bond can just be added to the See also section with a small note, but I wouldn't lose sleep if not even that is included. Deon Steyn 09:54, 24 July 2006 (UTC)

Anime "users"
The P99 is only made in 9x19mm and .40 S&W variants. There never has been (nor probably will be) a .45 caliber version. Smith & Wesson DOES however make the SW99 in .45, however it doesn't look all that similar to the Walther, even though the latter makes the receiver for it in Ulm, Germany. So I've removed the anime info about a character using a .45 P99, as a fictional character using a fictional version of a factual weapon is too far removed to be encylopedic. --Sirimiri 03:20, 30 November 2005 (UTC)

Rewrite, caliber issues, etc.
Well, I just finished a major edit. First thing I'd like to point out, that the P99 is sufficiently distinguished from the Smith & Wesson 99 that the two are not considered to be the same handgun. Hence, the P99 is only available as 9x19mm (i.e. "Luger") and .40 S&W. If somebody has hard evidence to the contrary, please feel free to share it.

Other than that, I wikified the article for firearms terminology, and tried to make it a little more readable, especially for those unfamiliar with the design of firearms and how they work. --Sirimiri 04:51, 4 March 2006 (UTC)

 * There are some 9x21 P99s floating around Europe, and I believe they still make them in that caliber, but I'm not positive on that. 9x21 has never been imported to the US though. --Junky 18:44, 30 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Hello again, Junky. Well, the 1st generation pistols were available in 9x21mm, in small amounts, and you actually can/could get one from a FFL dealer here in the US, depending on what state you live in, of course (California obviously not).  I looked at the [Umarex/Carl Walther website] and could not find any mention of the 9x21 caliber availability for the current (2nd generation) pistols.  This is not to say they don't exist, but the manufacturer doesn't even have it on their webpage, so I don't know if they are made?  Of course, we don't want to be US-centric in this article, so maybe we look at the wording of the currently manufactured calibers and make sure it makes it obvious that the 9x19 and .40 S&W are currently made? Perhaps make no mention of the 9x21 unless somebody else has verifiable proof of a 2nd generation pistol available? --Sirimiri 01:09, 1 April 2006 (UTC)

Rail mount
I just changed Picatinny->Weaver, but I'm not really clear if that's correct or not. I don't really understand mounting systems, but I think Weaver is a subset of Picatinny and that many things desiged to be mounted on a Weaver rail will not work on a Picatinny rail. What's important is that if someone wanted to buy an attachment for the P99s Weaver Rail, they might assume anything listed as Picatinny type is compatible, which it may not be. Folks really want to buy things desigend for the Weaver system. I'm only talking about the 2004 models on, the older proprietary mounting system wasn't very popular. --Junky 22:50, 29 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Junky, I think it actually was a proprietary rail that was changed to the Picatinny type, see: http://www.gunfaqs.org/P99FAQ/VIII/10.html  Let me know what you think. --Sirimiri 03:40, 8 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Sorry if I was unclear, yes it was a proprietary rail that was changed to a Weaver type rail, not Picatinny, according to the Walther website. They are similar but not exactly the same: here's a good page that cleared it up for me:  Pic/weaver --Junky 17:29, 10 April 2006 (UTC)

In Fiction
The fiction section is getting out of hand. It's a spiffy looking gun and has shown up in lots of TV/Film/Comics, but I don't really see the need to enumerate every time one was on screen. It's becoming too lengthy and diluting the article with information that isn't really important. I think every entry in the list should be removed except for James Bond, as Walther and the P99 are actually woven into the plot and history of the series, not to mention Walther acknowledging this with the MI-6 version of the gun. I'd also be happy with blasting the whole section and saying something to the effect of it appears in numerous movies, tv series, anime, etc. --Junky 22:38, 6 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Junky, I agree....I mean, how many references does one need? Walther has cachet as "Bond's gun" (whether PPK or P99) but all this anime and Hollywood stuff...blah. It's a very "technical" looking firearm, I'd say beautiful (moreso the 9mm than the .40S&W) which might explain why it shows up often on TV, games, and movies.  Cut the fat, leave Bond.  Let's wait a week or so and see what other people might have to say? --Sirimiri 03:32, 8 April 2006 (UTC)

 * If you don't want the list here, how about moving it to an extra article? Like, for example, Walther P99 in popular culture. They made a similar list for FN P90. --Koveras [[Image:Flag of Russia.svg|25px]] 10:40, 3 May 2006 (UTC)

 * This sounds like a good idea. Like I said, the P99 is spiffy looking and has shown up in a lot of pop culture pieces, almost as many as the P90. --Junky 03:18, 10 May 2006 (UTC)

I can add: P99 was the gun not only of James Bond, but also gun of German policeman Alexander Brandtner from "Kommissar Rex" TV series (do you remember the famous German Shepherd?). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 212.0.210.102 (talk) 15:20, 29 February 2008 (UTC)

Air gun versions
I added some info about air gun versions of the P99 yesterday, but it was reverted. I'll put it here if anyone wants to add it. If a picture is required, just leave me a message on my talk page.

There are two air guns available that share the look and feel of the P99. Both are practically the same weapon, but the Umarex version is slightly cheaper.
 * CP99 produced by Walther themselves
 * CPSport license produced by Umarex Sportwaffen | κаллэмакс 19:20, 4 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Kallemax :) thanks for you interest in the Walther P99 article. I can definitely understand your point of view in adding an "airgun" version of the P99, but I think Junky and I might look at it more as a firearm issue, in that we are talking about a pistol that uses traditional pin/hammer stuck cartridges, is used by military/police, extracts & ejects spent casings like most any other semiautomatic firearm. In short, while there may be a an air pistol version of the P99, I don't see it meshing well into this article. Again, that's only my point of view.  Also, since the article is based on a firearm, we had ALL sorts of extra stuff eventually added to the article, things about the P99 "in fiction" and if you read the page history/discussion, the consensus seemed to gravitate towards *not* covering P99 info that wasn't related to the actual firearm itself.  What do you think? Perhaps you could start and article P99 (airgun) and add specific information there, and link the pages?  You probably have some stuff ton contribute for it, no? I saw a decent photo on the airgun page. --Sirimiri 00:10, 5 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I completely agree with Sirimiri, imagine what the AK47 page will look like if all plastic toys, airsoft, airgun and goodness knows what else is listed. I know in this case the "copy" is a licensed one and a little closer to the real article, but the line has to be drawn somewhere. At best it could warrant a "see also" link to a Umarex page (had there been one) or MAYBE an external link. I would like to point out that your info is also not completely accurate: both these airgun copies you refer to are made by Umarex and not Walther. Umarex also make "official" licenced copies for Beretta, Colt and Smith&Wesson all no doubt sold directly by those companies too. They all use the same CO2 system and rotary 8-shot magazines, see Umarex page.  Deon Steyn 06:15, 5 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Agree here as well (obviously since I reverted it). If it's not designed or made by Walther, then it's not a Walther P99, and certainly not a variant of a Walther P99.  As for the CP99, the different model number (ie not P99*) certainly makes it deserving of it's own page.  --Junky 19:04, 6 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I just had the revert similar airgun variants from the Walther P88 page (also Umarex versions).... perhaps someone should just create a page for that? Deon Steyn 11:31, 26 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Okay, I have created a new page with some basic information called Umarex air pistol for this type of information. Deon Steyn 11:51, 26 July 2006 (UTC)

Where is the Maruzen Airsoft replicas? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.232.250.81 (talk) 03:01, 25 February 2008 (UTC)

This is a firearms related article and not a forum for toy guns. Koalorka (talk) 04:31, 25 February 2008 (UTC)

Proof marks/importation
Besides being highly US-centric, does anybody else think that this additional information is of any value to the article? The P99 is made in Germany for markets all over the world. A summation of all the importation troubles the P99 might have had over the years just doesn't seem worthy of an encylopedia. Opinions? --Sirimiri 06:09, 18 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I would agree with you, someone just dumped it in here and I had to correct the sub heading level and remove as much as possible of the US-centric POV. Even after cleaning it up I also still question the value it adds... unless perhaps this little sub section was changed to cover all "proof marks" (and then it's heading could also be changed simply to Proof marks, but even then it is perhaps a little bit too detailed? Deon Steyn 13:55, 18 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Yeah it's just trivia. Definitely not encyclopedic. --Junky 21:02, 18 July 2006 (UTC)

I actually added the proofmark information. One of the more common questions or misconceptions we see on the walther forums is that people think their new P99 is made in part by smith & wesson because it bears their mark. For a brief period of time S&W did make some parts though. Needless to say this creates alot of confusion. Given both companies are firearms manufacturing companies this is understandable. If I didn't see it misunderstood so often I would agree that its just trivia. The proof mark is a german thing, the importation mark is a US thing. Presumably other countries have similar importation stamping laws and users can fill in the data from their localities. If I didn't hear people ask why the marks are there so often I would agree they are not encyclopedic.

 * Yeah it's a common question, one I had myself too. But FAQs don't really belong in an encyclopedia.  Some nice FAQs are linked to at the bottom of the page, and I think that's fine.  I don't think the article should have info on how to strip the gun and what to lube and what lights fit the rail and who makes holsters or any other FAQs.  --Junky 16:45, 19 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Agree – it doesn't belong on this page (I didn't add it). I do however think one sentence describing this confusion as part of the SW99 sub-section makes sense and adds value without becoming a FAQ or "how-to". What do you think, look okay? Deon Steyn 07:05, 20 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Sure, that addition seems good to me. --Junky 16:16, 20 July 2006 (UTC)
 * I think that's the best place for what's left of it, since we are talking about the SW99 in that part and it's obviously a section which references the U.S. market. But, perhaps there's an extra word or two that can go in there to denote that P99's distributed in the US have "a variety of import markings, etc...." without getting too technical? --Sirimiri 04:24, 21 July 2006 (UTC)

Effective range?
What's the effective range of this pistol? 88.105.31.188 18:50, 2 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Effective range is completely dependant upon the shooter. The 9mm bullet will be lethal out to a mile, but nobody can shoot that far. Effective range is arbitrary and means absolutely nothing.--Asams10 19:21, 2 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Okay, so statistically speaking, a 9mm parabellum projectile may still be lethal after it traversed 1'600 metres. From what you're saying, you said it still has the ability to make a kill, after it flew over a mile of air friction.

 * I'd just like to know what the effective range would be out of the pistol where it does "consistent damage" up to whatever maximum range it is.
 * 88.105.98.46 14:10, 3 October 2007 (UTC)

 * The problem is that while some are using max effective range figures in some places, without a definition of how they arrived at the number, it is as Asams suggested completely meaningless. Arthurrh 16:55, 3 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Range and effective range are tactical tools to shape strategy, they are not in any way related to real world numbers. Nor are they averages, means, or even really useful for anything beyond theory. I can hit man-sized targets at 100 yards with most pistols about 90% of the time.  A trained individual might be able to get 25-50% hits at that range.  So, what is effective? If you decide the statistical norms of 5% or 2.5%, then I would have an effective range of about 80-90 yards.  What about maximum effective range?  The 9mm CAN kill out to, probably, 1.5 miles on a regular basis.  What's a kill then?  Hmmm, you can shoot somebody through the head and not kill them 100% of the time, so you'd have to define THAT too.

 * I'd go on, but I've made my point. If you boil down EVERY statistic, average and normed and qualify your range statement to no limit, you'd come up with a number, probably around 15-20 yards.  So, what does that number mean?  NOTHING.  In fact, it's more than meaningless, it's misleading.  It's like saying that people can run 22 MPH.  I can, but can everybody else? Two bullets fired at 45 degrees into the air under the EXACT same conditions can land a mile apart.  This is Horseshoes and Hand Grenades territory, there is nothing close to exacting science involved here. --Asams10 17:34, 3 October 2007 (UTC)

193.63.131.151 10:42, 4 October 2007 (UTC)

Can we safely assume that the Walther pistol can only be effective at firing up to 50 metres/55 yards? I do know for a fact that it's not a firearm anyone can snipe with, especially with a 4 inch barrel.

 * The answer is, no, there is no way you can assume the Walther is only effective firing at 50 meters. You're looking for absolutes and there are none.  So many variables and factors play into this that you're not able to make any hard and fast statements. --Asams10 11:07, 4 October 2007 (UTC)

I may not be good enough to have a acceptable accuracy over a 60 metres, but it is seriously hard a think a 9mm projectile may still be deemed as "lethal" after it flew over 1760 yards/1610 metres. It should lose more than a half of it's Kinetic Energy, after it flown through a considerable distance of air-friction. Do you have proof of this? 193.63.131.151 10:42, 4 October 2007 (UTC)

 * See, this is the kind of stuff you get into. I'll bite.  YES, I can provide proof.  You stand at 1759 yards and I'll shoot at you with a 9mm.  I'll need a few hundred rounds to dial you in.  If you're still alive at the end of it, you're right!  NO, I don't need to prove it.  Look it up yourself. It's got considerable kinetic energy at that range. BTW, this is not a forum, I was just bringing that up as an example. --Asams10 11:07, 4 October 2007 (UTC)

1996 / 1997
The article stated that the P99 was shown to the public in '96, however I found here that it says it was shown to the public in 1997, I changed it to 1997. Anyone know the correct date? Fredtastic 18:28, 4 October 2007 (UTC)

Iraqi army use ?
A friend told me that the Iraqi army officers are given this pistol unlike the soldiers who get glock 18 .--Blain Toddi 11:17, 12 November 2007 (UTC)

 * A claim such as this would need evidence to be included (if there is indeed value in including this info); issuing of a Glock 18 (a select fire semi-auto 9mm) sounds especially dubious. Neverwake (talk) 05:02, 27 July 2008 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Walther P99


text:
Nancy Scott

Nancy Scott (August 18, 1931 – August 19, 2005) was an influential American theater/movie critic who worked for the San Francisco Examiner newspaper from the late 1970s to the early 1990s.

Background
Nancy duBois Scott was born in Denver, Colorado, growing up there and in the Estes Park area. She attended Wellesley College in 1949 and 1951, and in 1950 married John W. Drake. From 1959 to 1969, she was employed by the People's World in San Francisco and, after freelancing for a while, joined the San Francisco Examiner in 1977.

Scott was integral to expanding the Examiner′s coverage of theater and film beyond the traditional venues to the small and avant-garde performances and movies that were blossoming in the San Francisco Bay Area—including an early review of The Reduced Shakespeare Company that brought that acting troop its first mainstream notice.

The Bay Area theater community acknowledged Scott’s efforts in the mid-1980s when a poll of Bay Area theaters voted her the best theater critic.

title: Nancy Scott


text:
Gerald David Lascelles

Gerald David Lascelles (21 August 1924 – 27 February 1998) was the younger son of Henry Lascelles, 6th Earl of Harewood, and Mary, Princess Royal, the only daughter of King George V and Queen Mary. He was a first cousin of Queen Elizabeth II. He was styled The Honourable Gerald Lascelles.

Life
Lascelles was born at Goldsborough Hall, near Knaresborough, West Riding of Yorkshire, and was baptised in October 1924 with the Prince of Wales and the Duchess of York (later King Edward VIII and Queen Elizabeth) as his godparents represented there by proxies. The baptism was held in private at St. Mary's Church in the village of Goldsborough. At his birth, he was 7th in the line of succession. He was educated at Eton College.

Marriages and family
On 15 July 1952, he married Angela Dowding (20 April 1919 – 28 February 2007) at St. Margaret's, Westminster. They then moved into a house in Albion Mews, W2. In 1955, the family moved to Fort Belvedere, Surrey, the former country home of Gerald Lascelles's uncle, Edward VIII (the Duke of Windsor). Before divorcing in July 1978, they had one son:
 * Henry Ulick Lascelles (born 19 May 1953), who married firstly Alexandra Morton (15 April 1953) on 25 August 1979 (divorced 20 October 1999) and secondly Fiona Wilmott on 2 June 2006. He has one son by his first marriage, Maximilian John Gerald, born 19 December 1991.

On 17 November 1978, Lascelles married his second wife, actress Elizabeth Colvin (née Elizabeth Evelyn Collingwood, 23 April 1924 – 14 January 2006), in Vienna, Austria. They had a son:
 * Martin David Lascelles (born 9 February 1962, London). Martin married Charmaine Eccleston (b. 24 Dec 1962, Kingston, Jamaica) on 23 April 1999, and they have a son, Alexander Joshua, born on 20 September 2002. Martin also has an illegitimate daughter with singer Carol Anne Douet (b. 4 May 1962, London) named Georgina Elizabeth, born on 22 December 1988.

Interests and positions
Lascelles was the president of the British Racing Drivers' Club from 1964 to 1991, after the 5th Earl Howe died. Lord Howe had asked Lascelles to replace him, who was briefly a driver before this. In his role as BRDC president, Lascelles was invited by the Australian Racing Drivers Club, promoters of the Bathurst 1000 Touring car race, to be the Grand Marshal for the 1985 race. He served as president of the Institute of the Motor Industry in 1969-73 and 1975–77, and company director of Silverstone Circuits Ltd and Silverstone Leisure Ltd, Smith & Grace (Sales) Ltd, and Green Crop Conservation Ltd.

He was also a passionate jazz enthusiast, and he collaborated with journalist and magazine editor Sinclair Traill in compiling the popular Just Jazz yearbooks in the 1950s.

Death
Lascelles died in Bergerac, France, in 1998.

title: Gerald David Lascelles


text:
Steven Brill (journalist)

Steven Brill (born August 22, 1950) is an American lawyer, journalist, and entrepreneur who founded monthly magazine The American Lawyer and cable channel Court TV. He is the author of the best-selling book, Tailspin: The People and Forces Behind America's Fifty-Year Fall – and Those Fighting to Reverse It.

Early life and education
Brill was born to a Jewish family in Far Rockaway, Queens, New York. He is a graduate of Deerfield Academy, Yale College (B.A., 1972), and Yale Law School (J.D., 1975).

Projects
In October 1978, Brill published his first book, The Teamsters.

In 1979, Brill launched The American Lawyer, a monthly magazine covering the business of law firms and lawyers in the United States and around the world. Jill Abramson and Jim Cramer were among its early contributors. The magazine is noted for its surveys, including the "Am Law 100", an annual ranking of the top 100 U.S. law firms, which it launched in 1986. The magazine covered the meteoric rise and precipitous collapse of the law firm of Finley, Kumble, Wagner, Underberg, Manley, Myerson & Casey, in its September 1987 cover story, "Bye, Bye, Finley, Kumble", written by Brill.

In 1989, Brill founded Court TV (now TruTV), launching the network on July 1, 1991. Among its original anchors were Fred Graham, who was still at the network twenty years later; Cynthia McFadden; and Terry Moran, who later joined ABC News. The network was born out of two competing projects to launch cable channels with live courtroom proceedings, the American Trial Network from TimeWarner and American Lawyer Media and In Court from Cablevision and NBC. Both projects were combined and presented at the National Cable Television Association, in June 1990. Liberty Media joined the venture, in 1991. Court TV featured continuous live trial coverage, with analysis by anchors. The network's profile was raised during the Menéndez brothers' first trial and, later, the O. J. Simpson murder trial. In 1997, Brill resigned from Court TV.

In June 1998, Brill launched Brill's Content, a media watchdog publication. The magazine caused a stir in its very first issue, with Brill's article titled "Pressgate" charging that independent counsel Ken Starr and his office had been the source of much of the information for reporters regarding the grand jury proceedings about the Lewinsky scandal and that as a result, Starr may have violated federal law or ethical and prosecutorial guidelines. The publication became less associated with Brill after its founding.

In July 2000, Brill launched Contentville, a site that sold books, magazine articles, and other content. In January 2001, as part of a joint venture, Brill took over editorial control of Primedia Inc.'s trade publications that reported on the media industry. Contentville closed in September 2001. and Brill's Content suspended publication in October 2001, after dissolving its partnership with Primedia.

In 2001 Brill began teaching an advanced journalism course at Yale.

In November 2001 Brill signed on as a contributing editor for Newsweek.

In April 2003, After: How America Confronted the September 12 Era was published. In October 2003, the America Prepared Campaign was launched. In the fall of 2003, Brill founded the company Clear, a subsidiary of Verified Identity Pass, Inc. It allowed travelers to get through airport security quickly with an annual subscription to the program and pre-screening. Brill left the company in March 2009; it went out of business at 11 p.m. PDT on June 22, 2009.

In 2009, Brill, former Wall Street Journal executive Gordon Crovitz, and ex-cable television industry mogul Leo Hindery founded Journalism Online to help newspapers and magazines charge for online access. The company was sold to RR Donnelley for a reported $45 million in March 2011. However, Donnelley's subsequent 10-K filing reported the price at closing was $19.6 million with the possibility of an additional payment to co-CEOs Brill and Crovitz (who both stayed with the company after the sale to Donnelley) of $15.3 million contingent upon meeting certain sales targets. As of March 2013, more than 400 newspapers, magazines and online-only websites used JO's Press+ service to charge for digital content.

In August 2011, Brill published Class Warfare: Inside the Fight to Fix America's Schools. It described the success of charter schools, using the Success Academy Charter Schools (then known as Harlem Success Academy) as an example, and profiled teacher Jessica Reid as a model of what could be done without union restrictions. He claimed that unions, particularly the United Federation of Teachers and UFT president Randi Weingarten in New York City, protected incompetent teachers, and were opposed to pay-for-performance, and obstructed necessary reforms, a claim he had previously made in The New Yorker. By the time Brill came to the end of the book, Reid had quit. The long hours and stress of her job, with nightly calls to parents, and constant prodding of students, were affecting her marriage. Brill went on to write that charters, which he continued to support, were not practically scalable to be a replacement for the current public education system, and that broader improvements would require the efforts of current public school teachers and their unions. He said that after two years of researching school reform, he had a better understanding of the complexities. He reversed his view of Weingarten, and proposed that New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg appoint her chancellor of the school system.

In February 2013, Brill wrote Bitter Pill: Why Medical Bills Are Killing Us as a Time magazine cover story. The investigation of billing practices revealed that hospitals and their executives are gaming the system to maximize revenue. Brill claims patients receive bills that have little relationship to the care provided and that the free market in American medicine is a myth, with or without Obamacare. The 24,000-plus word article took up the entire feature section of the magazine, the first time in its history. TIME's managing editor, Rick Stengel, wrote: "If the piece has a villain, it's something you've probably never heard of: the chargemaster, the mysterious internal price list for products and services that every hospital in the U.S. keeps. If the piece has a hero, it's an unlikely one: Medicare, the government program that by law can pay hospitals only the approximate costs of care." Brill later expanded the article into a book, America's Bitter Pill: Money, Politics, Backroom Deals, and the Fight to Fix Our Broken Healthcare System, released January 5, 2015, that attained The New York Times Best Seller list.

On September 15, 2015, The Huffington Post Highline published Brill's 15-part serial documentary, "America's Most Admired Law Breaker," examining Johnson & Johnson's 20-year practice of illegally marketing a powerful drug, Risperdal, to children and the elderly, while concealing the side effects and earning billions of dollars in profit.

In March 2018, Brill and fellow veteran journalist and entrepreneur, Gordon Crovitz, again partnered to form a new for-profit company, NewsGuard, which claims to fight fake news by providing reliability ratings for over 7,500 U.S. websites to help online readers distinguish between legitimate news sources and those allegedly designed to spread misinformation. NewsGuard was launched on August 23, 2018.

Brill's 2018 book, Tailspin: The People and Forces Behind America's Fifty-Year Fall – and Those Fighting to Reverse It (May 2018, Knopf), details America's decline across a broad range of areas, including government, finance, education, infrastructure, and public health, and introduces us to those who are working to repair the damage. Tailspin was included on The New York Times Best Seller list six days after its release, and regarding which renowned Washington Post journalist Bob Woodward wrote:

"A penetrating and personal examination of why the United States is in the midst of a nervous breakdown. But with his fantastically reported story, Brill also shows how—and who—might restore some common sense and equilibrium."

After the release of the NY Post Hunter Biden story, Steven Brill said on CNBC, “My personal opinion is there’s a high likelihood this story is a hoax, maybe even a hoax perpetrated by the Russians again.”

Personal life
Brill is married and has three children. He resides in New York City and Bedford, New York.

title: Steven Brill (journalist)


text:
August 20 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

August 19 – Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar – August 21

All fixed commemorations below are observed on September 2 by Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For August 20, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on August 7.

Feasts

 * Afterfeast of the Dormition.

Saints

 * Prophet Samuel (11th century BC)
 * Hieromartyr Philip of Heraclea, Bishop, and with him Martyrs Severus, Memnon, and 37 soldiers, in Philippopolis, Thrace (304)
 * Saints Reginus and Orestes the Great Martyrs, in Cyprus.
 * Martyr Lucius the Senator, of Cyprus (c. 310)
 * Martyrs Heliodorus and Dosa (Dausa) in Persia (380)
 * Martyr Photine, at the gates of Blachernae.
 * Saint Hierotheus, first Bishop and Enlightener of Hungary (10th century)
 * Saint Stephen I of Hungary, King of Hungary (1038)   (see also: August 16 - West)

Pre-Schism Western saints

 * Saint Porphyrius, an early martyr in Palestrina near Rome.
 * Saint Amator (Amadour), hermit.
 * Saint Maximus, a disciple of St Martin and founder of the monastery of Chinon in France, confessor (c. 470)
 * Martyr Oswine of Deira, king of Deira (651)
 * Saint Haduin (Harduin), Bishop of Le Mans in France, he founded several monasteries including Notre-Dame-d'Evron (c. 662)
 * Saint Philibert of Jumièges (Gaul) (685)
 * Saint Eadberht of Northumbria (Edbert), successor of St Ceolwulf on the throne of Northumbria in England, then became a monastic (768)
 * Saint Burchard, monk at Lobbes Abbey in Belgium, then became Bishop of Worms where he was a canonist (1026)

Post-Schism Orthodox saints

 * Venerable Abramius of Smolensk, Archimandrite, Wonderworker of Smolensk, (1220) (see also: August 21)
 * New Martyr Theocharis of Neapolis, Cappadocia (1740)

New martyrs and confessors

 * New Hieromartyr Vladimir Chetverin, Priest (1938)
 * New Martyrs of Estonia (1944-1955):
 * New Hieromartyr Peeter (Pähkel), Bishop of Tartu and Pechory (1948)
 * New Hieromartyr Alypy (Ivlev), Archimandrite (1950)
 * New Hieromartyr Vladimir Irodionov, Protopresbyter (1945)
 * New Hieromartyr Ioann Vark, Priest (1952)
 * New Hieromartyr Leonid Lavrov, Priest (1954)
 * New Hieromartyr Seraphim Ulyanov, Priest (1955)
 * Martyr Alexander Gadalin, church warden (1951)
 * Martyr Andrei Punsun (1955)

Other commemorations

 * Repose of Hieromonk Seraphim Rose of Platina, California (1982)
 * Repose of Archimandrite Spyridon (Lukich) of Kyiv (1991)

title: August 20 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)


text:
Penitent order

The Christian movement known as the Penitents goes back to the 4th century. Those who had committed serious sins confessed their sins to the Bishop or his representative and were assigned a penance that was to be carried out over a period of time. After completing their penance, they were reconciled by the Bishop with a prayer of absolution offered in the midst of the community. Penance assumed many forms, such as pilgrimages to holy sites; constructing, repairing and rebuilding churches; and caring for the poor and sick.

During the time they worked out their penances, the penitents often had special places in church and wore special garments to indicate their status. Like the catechumens who were preparing for baptism, they were often dismissed from the Sunday assembly after the Liturgy of the Word. The use of ashes at the beginning of Lent is an extension of the use of ashes with those entering the Order of Penitents.

The Penitential Movement
Penance in the Judeo-Christian sense can be traced to the time just after the Jewish exile in Babylon (Sirach 5:1–8; 34: 21–31). The repentance and conversion preached by John the Baptist was of this type.

In the first centuries of the Christian Church, groups of penitents were established by the Church for those Christians who fell into grave sin and sought reconciliation with the Church. These sins included such things as adultery, murder, idolatry and magic, and theft. Doing penance was a visible sign of conversion. If the sinner refused to do penance, he or she was excommunicated. Public penance consisted of acts of mortification such as wearing a "hair shirt," covering the head with ashes, fasting and prayers. These acts were regulated by the bishops. After the period of penance was completed, the repentant sinner was readmitted into the assembly.

The Edict of Milan in A.D. 313 declared that the bishop could relegate the sinner into an Order of Penitents called Conversi. This was done in a liturgical ceremony with the laying on of hands and the application of ashes. They worshiped separately from the rest of the congregation, but were not allowed to participate in the Eucharistic celebration. Other restrictions imposed by the bishop were called interdicts, and by the 4th century, some of these interdicts came to be imposed not only for the penitential period, but for life.

By the 4th century, there were those who entered the Order of Penitents voluntarily. They accepted the interdicts of the Order which by that time included:
 * not to participate in military service
 * not to be merchants
 * not to occupy public office
 * to refrain from conjugal relations if married, and to be celibate if single
 * not allowed to remarry if widowed
 * single penitents could not marry while in the Order (this was later abrogated)

5th and 6th centuries
Monastic asceticism, which was popularized by the Desert Fathers of the East, such as St. Anthony the Great and St. Basil, moved into Europe. St. Benedict of Nursia was the founder of western or Benedictine monasticism in A.D. 529. The emphasis was on communal living under a rule and a life given to prayer, work and charity. Entering a monastery became a substitute for public penance. In the monasteries, a penitential tax or private penance was developed which was less strenuous than the public penances. This was the beginning of penitential commutation.

7th through 11th centuries
In Italy and Spain, public or Roman Penance was dominant. Those upon whom penance was imposed and those who accepted the life voluntarily were forbidden to associate with the militia saecularis or secular militia. This included holding civil offices or being a merchant (militia saecularis togata) and from bearing arms (militia saecularis paludata). Fasting, which had always been part of the penitential discipline, became more regularized, and three major times of fasting were observed, Advent, Lent (prior to Easter), and a period after Pentecost. There were also two minor Lents. Other periods of fasting and abstinence could be imposed.

12th and 13th centuries
The penitential movement became popular among the laity after the Gregorian Reform at the end of the 11th century. Introduced around A.D. 950, corporal penance or voluntary flagellation became more known. Also almsgiving as a penitential act became more common. There was also the rise of the Donati and the Oblates, who put themselves in the service of God by attaching themselves in service to a particular church or monastery. In all cases, the emphasis of the penance was to practice justice and mercy, to trust in God, to be of pure heart and intent, to have a zeal for Christ and the Scripture, and to be open to God's grace and inspiration. Most of the participants had little or no formal theological training and many developed heretical beliefs.

Types of penitents

 * Married conversi – continued to live with their family, but partially or fully abstained from conjugal relations.
 * Voluntary pilgrims – went on pilgrimages to the Holy Land or to more local shrines if that were not possible.
 * Hermits – lived alone or with one or two companions in the wild, in grottos and caves or even in the hollows of trees.
 * Religious virgins – not nuns, lived with family
 * Recluses – women who consecrated themselves to God without entering a religious institution

Character of penitents

 * Attire – tunic, walking-stick, cincture (belt), knapsack, sandals; symbol was often a Tau Cross after St. Anthony of the Desert.
 * Charitable works – most often in hospitals and hospices and leprosaria (hospitalers); restoring churches and burying the dead.
 * Life of Prayer.
 * Abstinence – from feasts and shows and dances, avoidance of drunkenness and gluttony.
 * Prohibited from public office or from riding horses.
 * Forbidden to take up arms or to take an oath.

Orders of penitents

 * Umiliati
 * The Umiliati were established in northern Italy. Innocent III approved their way of life or "Propositum" in 1201. In 1208 he approved the "Propositum" of the Poveri Cattolici and in 1210 that of the Poveri Lombardi.

 * Penitents of Assisi
 * Established as a lay order by St. Francis of Assisi, their full name was viri poenitentiales de civitate Assisii oriundi ("penitents from the town of Assisi") Eventually they became the Secular Franciscan Order.

 * Penitents or Hermits of St. John the Baptist
 * A community near Pamplona in the Kingdom of Navarre, leading a life of mortification and silence, and assembling only for the chanting of the Divine Office. They received the approbation of Gregory XIII (c. 1515), who appointed a provincial for them.

 * A community founded in France about 1630 by Michel de Sabine for the reform of abuses among the hermits. Only those of the most edifying lives were chosen as members, and rules were drawn up which were approved for their dioceses by the Bishops of Metz and LePuy en Velay.

 * Canons Regular of the Penitence of the Blessed Martyrs
 * There are various opinions as to the period of foundation, some dating it back to the time of Pope Cletus, but it is certain that the order was flourishing in Poland and Lithuania in the second half of the thirteenth century, the most important monastery being that of St. Mark at Kraków, where the religious lived under the Rule of St. Augustine.

 * Penitents of Our Lady of Refuge
 * Also called Nuns or Hospitallers of Our Lady of Nancy, founded at Nancy in 1631 by Ven. Marie-Elizabeth de la Croix de Jésus, daughter of Jean-Leonard de Fanfain of Remiremont. Left a widow at the early age of twenty-four, she opened a refuge for fallen women, assisted by her three young daughters. The new congregation was formally approved by the Holy See in 1634 under the title of Our Lady of Refuge and the patronage of St. Ignatius Loyola, and under constitutions drawn largely from those of the Society of Jesus and in accordance with the Rule of St. Augustine.

 * Sisters of the Conservatorio di S. Croce della Penitenza or del buon Pastore
 * Also known as Scalette, founded at Rome in 1615 by the Carmelite Domenico di Gesu e Maria, who, with the assistance of Baltassare Paluzzi, gathered into a small house (conservatorio) a number of women who were in danger of falling into prostitution. Those desiring to become religious were placed under the Rule of St. Augustine

 * Ordo religiosus de penitentia
 * The members of which were called Scalzette or Nazareni, founded in 1752 at Salamanca, by Juan Varella y Losada (b. 1724; d. at Ferrara, 24 May 1769), who had resigned a military career for a life of voluntary humiliation in a house of the Observants at Salamanca. Being urged to found a religious order, he assembled eight companions in community (8 March 1752) under a rule which he had drawn up the previous year, and for which he obtained the authorization of Benedict XIV. Like the Franciscans, the members take a vow to defend the doctrine of the Immaculate Conception, and, like all mendicant orders, they derive their means of subsistence entirely from contributions and are forbidden the possession of landed property.

 * Order of Penitents established by Bernard of Marseille
 * The Order of Penitents was a religious order established by Bernard of Marseille about 1272 for the reception into the Roman Catholic Church of reformed courtesans. Noah Webster's Dictionary, 1828, under "penitent" affirmed "Order of penitents, a religious order established by one Bernard of Marseilles, about the year 1272, for the reception of reformed courtezans. The congregation of penitents at Paris, was founded with a similar view." . The entry was repeated in Nuttall's Encyclopedia 1907. The confraternities of penitents of Marseille were traced to the end of the 15th century by A. E. Barnes.

Compare the Magdalen Asylums.

title: Penitent order