text:
User:Whobot

This bot is run by Who for categorization related tasks. Whobot runs Pearle Wisebot code. This bot is approved and running with a bot flag at 10 second variable intervals.

Feel free to report any errors or problems on the talk page. I watch the bot as it runs and fix errors almost immediately.

Not to be confused with K1, sometimes referred to as "Whobot", from the Doctor Who TV series. Which is listed on List of robots in Doctor Who, but could not find a PD image.

 * Edit count: 27,489 as of 02:23, 28 November 2005 (UTC)

Tasks

 * Current tasks

Cleanup

 * Category:Articles to check for link ordering

Authorized behavior

 * The following is almost verbatim to text found on User:Pearle

Whobot has obtained authorization from Wikipedia talk:Bots for the purpose of executing the following tasks. All tasks are performed by User:Who running Whobot and using data files on his home computer in the following formats. The original code and data was obtained from User:Beland, and Whobot is a clone of Pearle Wisebot with slight modifications.

Automatically move categories

 * Parse a file and match commands of the form:
 * MOVE_CONTENTS Category:Name_of_A Category:Name_of_B cfd_log_date or speedy
 * MOVE_CONTENTS_INCL_CATS Category:Name_of_A Category:Name_of_B cfd_log_date or speedy

 * Download Category:Name_of_A
 * Parse the page to extract all of its member articles and subcategories.
 * For each member, replace all instances of, with  , preserving sort fields.  Members that contain any nowiki or pre tags in the wikisource will be skipped.

Moving a category is the equivalent of deletion, so this function will only be run on commands that have been approved by Categories for deletion.

 * New feature, now will list the CFD day page in the edit summary for easier reference.
 * Example: Recat per WP:CFD Category:Mad_scientists to Category:Fictional_scientists

Remove articles from a category

 * 1) Accept commands of the following form:
 * REMOVE_X_FROM_CAT Page_name Category:Category_name

 * 1) Download the wikisource of Page_name
 * 2) Remove the string  from the text
 * 3) Post the new text

Tag categores with
Categories nominated to Categories for deletion need to be tagged with or similar template to inform watchers of the potention deletion or renaming. Pearle can do this with commands of the form:
 * ADD_CFD_TAG Category:Category_name_here

For nominations en masse, the tag should be changed to e.g.:

REMOVE_CFD_TAG

 * See Wikipedia talk:Bots

New category/interwiki style
Minor changes and bugfixes may occur in response to community complaints or suggestions.

Rules

 * Whobot should attempt to do a category/interwiki cleanup whenever it edits an article, but there will be no mass cleanup run (except for articles already edited by Whobot) unless requested.
 * HTML comments on the same line following a category or interwiki tag will remain there. Any other text there will trigger a flag for review.
 * If a category or interwiki tag is found in the "body text" area, it will be flagged for review.
 * Canonicalize "zh-cn" (Chinese simplified) and "zh-tw" (Chinese traditional) to "zh" because the simplified/traditional distinction is now being solved in software.
 * Canonicalize "minnan" to "zh-min-nan", since only the latter is in the official, automatically updated list.
 * Canonicalize "nb" to "no", since only the latter is in the official, automatically updated list. (Added after observing the need for this in practice. -- Beland 4 July 2005 17:03 (UTC))
 * Canonicalize dk to da. (Same as above. -- Beland 02:48, 25 August 2005 (UTC))
 * Multi-line HTML comments must be preserved
 * Separate category and interwiki links mashed together on the same line.
 * Don't change interwiki link sort order.

Algorithm

 * Break the article up into segments, each of which is tagged. Use two arrays, one for content, and one for names.

 * Parse input into segments, each of which is labeled by type.
 * Find nowiki tags everywhere.
 * Find comment tags everywhere else.
 * Find HTML tags everywhere else.
 * Find category links everywhere else.
 * Find interwiki links everywhere else.
 * Find template tags everywhere else.
 * Lump html tags following a category segment (except category and interwiki links) until the next newline into the category segment.
 * Lump everything following an interwiki segment (except category and interwiki links) until the next newline into the interwiki segment.
 * The remainder of the page will be tagged as body text.
 * Move any category or interwiki links at the top of the page to the very bottom.
 * Move before the category links, preserving whatever whitespace preceded or followed them.
 * Delete these comments near the category/interwiki section (case and whitespace insensitive):

 * Determine whether or not the page should be flagged for manual review. Find the last non-category, non-interwiki segment.  If there are any interwiki or category links before this segment, flag the page for manual review by adding a template at the end.
 * If the page has not been flagged: consolidate all interwiki links at the end, preceded by category links, preceded by all other segment types. Be sure to retain the original order of segments in each of the three groups.

msg: syntax cleanup
The syntax is depreciated in favor of. Pearle is authorized to make this change wherever it is needed. was rumored to break in MediaWiki 1.5, though it is apparently still working.

Code
You may find the Whobot revised code here.

title: User:Whobot


text:
Caicedo, Antioquia

Caicedo is a town and municipality in Antioquia Department, Colombia. It is part of the sub-region of Southwestern Antioquia. In 2002, the population was 7,608, with a density ratio of 34.5/km² (89 mi²).

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Caicedo, Antioquia


text:
Abejorral

Abejorral is a town and municipality in Antioquia Department, Colombia. Part of the subregion of Eastern Antioquia. It borders to the north with the municipalities of Montebello, La Ceja and La Unión, to the east with municipality of Sonsón, to the south with the department of Caldas and to the west with the municipalities of Santa Bárbara y Montebello. The population was 17,599 at the 2018 census.

It was founded in 1805 by José Antonio Villegas, although some believe it was in 1811. The latter was the year when the titles of the land were officially donated to the then existing residents.

Abejorral is one of the oldest municipalities in the Antioquia Subdivision and Colombia, It is known for its colonial times homes which are part of the Historical National Registry. Its topography is ideal for hiking and cycling activities with beautiful panoramic views of river and valleys;  some of them  will provide beautiful conditions for wild camping specially along the Arama River or the Aures River. Abejorral has some touristic features highlighted by foreigners as unique like " La Casa en el Aire " and the" Aures River Waterfall ". Another ideas about the options to visit and recommendations are part of this new blog "Orientese"

Sites of interest
Most of the town is a historical site; the architecture that has survived through the years gives Abejorral the aspect of a city "suspended" in the colonial era, which is the reason that a part of the municipality was declared National monument. Sites of interest include:

 * Nuestra Señora del Carmen parish church.
 * Nuestra Señora de los Dolores chapel.
 * Hospital chapel.
 * Municipal Cemetery.

 * The Ancient Presbytery (Antigua Casa Cural).
 * The founder's house (Casa del fundador).
 * The Orange House (La Casa Naranjada).

Climate
Abejorral has a subtropical highland climate (Cfb) with cool and rainy weather year-round.

title: Abejorral


text:
Abriaquí

Abriaquí is a town and municipality in Antioquia Department, Colombia. Its population was 4,200 in 2002.

Climate
Abriaquí has a subtropical highland climate (Cfb) with heavy rainfall year-round.

title: Abriaquí


text:
Alejandría

Alejandría (Spanish for the name Alexandria) is a town and municipality in the Antioquia Department, Colombia. It is part of the sub-region of Eastern Antioquia and is bordered to the north by the municipalities of Concepción, Santo Domingo and San Roque, on the east by the municipality of San Rafael, on the south by the municipalities of San Rafael and Guatapé, and on the west by the municipalities of El Penol and Concepción. Its capital is 90 kilometers from the city of Medellin, the capital of Antioquia department. The municipality has an area of 149 km2.

History
As is the case with much of eastern Antioquia, what is today Alejandria was originally inhabited by the Tahamí people.

Alejandria was founded by Don Alejandro Osorio, Mrs. Procesa Delgado, Don Salvador Cordoba and Mr. Climaco Jaramillo in 1886. By 1889 were erected the village to the township of the municipality category of Guatapé by agreement of February 20 that year.

Unlike what happened with almost all the municipalities of Antioquia, which were created by orders from departmental entities, the creation of Alejandria as a municipality was initiated by presidential decree from Bogota. President Reyes agreed to the requests, and by decree 304 of March 1907, created the town of Alejandria.

Generalities

 * Foundation: 1886
 * Erection in Municipality: Decree 304 of 1907
 * Founders:Alejandro Osorio, Procesa Delgado, Salvador Cordova and Climaco Jaramillo
 * Appeals: The Pearl of Nare.
 * Height above sea level: 1650.
 * Temperature: 20 °C.
 * Demonym: Alejandrinos, (Alexandrine)

Rural Zones, Veredas (Spanish)
Alejandria is divided into 15 Veredas:
 * Cruces
 * El Carbón
 * El Cerro
 * El Popo
 * El Respaldo
 * La Inmaculada
 * La Pava
 * Piedras
 * Remolino
 * San José
 * San Lorenzo
 * San Miguel
 * San Pedro
 * Tocaima
 * San Antonio

Neighborhoods of Alejandría (Urban Zone)

 * Centenario
 * Mirador del Nare
 * Nudillales
 * Quintas
 * La Bomba
 * Concepcion
 * Cordoba
 * San Pedro
 * Bolivar
 * Santader
 * La cruz
 * Villanueva
 * Miraflores

Climate
Alejandria has a cool tropical rainforest climate (Af) due to altitude. It has very heavy rainfall year-round.

Demographics
Population Total: 4.657 inhabitants. (2018) Literacy: 99.4% (2005)
 * Urban population: 2.561
 * Rural population: 2.096
 * Urban Zone: 99.6%
 * Rural Zone: 99.0%

Ethnography
According to figures submitted by the DANE of the census 2005, composition ethnographic the municipality is:
 * Métis & White (99.7%)
 * Afro (0.3%)

Roads
It has multiple access roads from Medellin city to the municipality of Alejandria:
 * Route Medellin - Guarne - San Vicente - Concepcion - Alejandria Completely paved road
 * Route Medellin - Barbosa - Concepcion - Alejandria, with uncovered stretch of road about 12 km from Barbosa.
 * Route Medellin - Barbosa - Molino Viejo - Santo Domingo - Alejandria uncovered section of track with about 16 km from Santo Domingo.
 * Route Medellin - Guarne - Marinilla - Penol - Guatape - Alejandria, with uncovered stretch of road about 25 km from Guatape.
 * Route Medellin - Guarne - Marinilla - Penol - Guatape Alejandria-San Rafael: uncovered section of track with about 25 km from San Rafael.

Economy

 * Tourism fishing, hiking, horseback riding, river rides
 * Agriculture coffee, cane, fique, beans
 * Livestock of up and Milk
 * Mining: gold, silver
 * Production of hydroelectric.

Events

 * Celebrations of sympathy. First week of January. They are the traditional celebrations of the municipality, and exposes them the joy of the Alexandrians.
 * Easter. We live the religious festival of Catholicism, and the municipality are carried out plays, and religious processions.
 * Departmental abut Bands. Each year in March, takes place in the municipality, a musical encounter with different bands of the department.
 * May 1. Sports activities are held
 * Corpus Christi. With religious shrines through the streets of the town is celebrating this religious festival.
 * celebrations of the Virgen del Carmen, July 16. This religious festival is celebrated with parades and pageants.
 * Feast of the Antioquenidad, on August 11. Artistic representations are made about the culture paisa.
 * Theatre Festival, Month of August
 * Patron Saint Peter of Alejandria, November 22. It parades and other religious activities.
 * Holidays. Christmas novenas are performed, musical concerts, and other activities.

Sites of interest
Natural heritage
 * Reservoirs of San Lorenzo and El Penol-Guatape
 * River Nare, with many attractions such as natural pools, meadows, and fishing sabaleta
 * Waterfall "Bridal Veil" located 5 km of the head on the sidewalk swirl
 * Waterfall "Sabina", located 3 miles from the trail head in the Whirlwind, imposing waterfall of 60 m high
 * River Nudillales, with sites for the enjoyment of fishing and bathing
 * Nudillales Spa, located in the Centenario neighborhood, has natural pools, and areas suitable for camping trips and pot.
 * Height Combo
 * Nature Reserve San Lorenzo
 * River Piedras
 * Lake the Perucho

Historical and artistic heritage
 * Bridge Nudillales located 0.5 km in the header. The appeal of this site are the pools for swimming
 * Bridge of Purgatory, located 12 kilometers from the head on the sidewalk Swirl. The attraction of this site is the bridge for its antiquity and former obligatory step of communication with the northeast region and gold transport
 * Church of St. Peter of Alejandria. In 1884 he created the first chapel
 * Former home of Alejandro Osorio, founder of the municipality.
 * Bridge of Cirpes
 * Library Municipal Alejandro Osorio, where there is a photographic record of the history of the town.
 * Museum school of music.
 * principal Park of Alejandria.

title: Alejandría


text:
Amagá

Amagá is a town and municipality in Antioquia Department, Colombia. It is part of the subregion of Southwestern Antioquia. The area was known for its coal and iron ore production and it hosted early iron works. Ex-Colombian president Belisario Betancur was born in this location. As of 2015, the population comprised 29,555 people.

Notable places
The Forge (La Ferrería) produced the first steel in Antioquia and operated from 1864 to 1931. Its ruins are now a Rural National Monument. There is also a very famous touristic place which is called "El viaducto" (the path).

title: Amagá


text:
Talk:Éliane Radigue

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 27 January 2020 and 18 May 2020. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Cheesebomber.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 05:32, 18 January 2022 (UTC)

First Try
I have found no source material yet worth posting. In creating the article-stub, I have referred to :
 * http://www.lovely.com/bios/radigue.html
 * http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=11:xxfibk096akv
 * the liner notes to Adnos
 * and, unfortunately, recollections of sources I cannot remember the details of.

VermillionBird 02:27, 2005 August 20 (UTC)

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one article was rated and this bot brought all the other ratings up to at least that level. BetacommandBot 03:08, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

The following sentence makes no real sense (in my opinion), but I don't really know how to fix it.
As her work gained maturity, Schaeffer and Henry considered her use of microphone feedback and long tape loops was moving away from their ideals, but her singular practice was still related to their methods.

I've changed this in order to clarify it - please, if you dislike my edit, change it back.

Emsvcs3 (talk) 08:57, 15 October 2009 (UTC)

Can someone fix that? It just irks at me and annoys me but I don't know what to do with it! I could just delete it, but this sentence probably contains a little bit of notability. Thank you.

B T C 06:02, 3 January 2009 (UTC)

I've attempted to clarify this. Please change it back if you dislike my edit. 08:46, 15 October 2009 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 212.219.74.36 (talk)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Edouard de Laveleye which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 15:46, 5 February 2013 (UTC)

To add to article
To add to article: the pronunciation of her surname. 173.89.236.187 (talk) 02:24, 25 January 2016 (UTC)

Misinformation about her musical background
She had studied piano and was already composing (...)

I found an interview of her saying she doesn't have any instrumental background prior to her study with Pierre Schaeffer. Her background in composition before meeting Pierre Schaeffer is also unclear. A aollow-up source on this would be greatly appreciated. --Cheesebomber (talk) 23:37, 19 April 2020 (UTC)

 * Hello, everyone. I found a source, which is an interview with Radigue, addressing that she have studied piano and harp for about 10 years from when she quit her study at Studio d'Essai to her return in 1967. In the same source, she addressed her background in classical composition before meeting Schaeffer. Though details of her degree and education can be helped with more clarifications, this would suffice the claim at the moment. I added the citation for the quote.

She had studied piano(...)
 * I erased a part of the quote, as it doesn't match with the timeline. The info. of her instrumental education should be added when there is an established section of her music in the 1960s.--Cheesebomber (talk) 16:20, 20 April 2020 (UTC)

Current Biography section & information redundancy in the article
As contributions on Career section accumulates over time, current biography section became considerably redundant. I suggest rehashing the section with removal of repeated contents. Radigue was born in a modest family of merchants and raised in Paris at Les Halles. She later married the French-born American artist Arman with whom she lived in Nice while raising their three children, before returning to Paris in 1967. She had studied piano (...) The above content can be an independent section addressing her early life and education, or personal life.--Cheesebomber (talk) 18:17, 7 May 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Éliane Radigue


text:
User talk:Whobot

If you are reading this page because you found a category tagged for deletion (e.g. with cfd or cfr) or an article was recently moved to a new category by this bot, please be aware that it is only doing so in a conjunction with a nomination which has been posted to Categories for deletion by a human. It may be difficult to find the nomination page, because it is very long and very active, but it should be there somewhere. Be aware that it may be part of an "umbrella" nomination (and thus your specific category might not be listed) or have been moved to a subpage (which is done when discussion are resolved.) See the section Discussions moved off-page and Archived debates. Feel free to leave a note here or on Wikipedia talk:Categories for deletion if you still can't find the original nomination.

'''Whobot is a bot owned and operated by User:Who. This is the right place to post complaints and compliments about the bot, though you may want to mention on User talk:Who that you posted here, to more quickly get the owner's attention.''' Header borrowed from User talk:Pearle

 * Archived discussions

Category:Joseon dynasty has been nominated for renaming
Category:Joseon dynasty has been nominated for renaming. A discussion is taking place to decide whether this proposal complies with the categorization guidelines. If you would like to participate in the discussion, you are invited to add your comments at the category's entry on the categories for discussion page. Thank you. toobigtokale (talk) 18:44, 27 August 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:Whobot


text:
Andes, Antioquia

Andes is a municipality and town in the Antioquia Department, Colombia. Part of the sub-region of Southwestern Antioquia, it is located on the western Colombian Andes mountain range. Andes was founded on 13 March 1852 by Pedro Antonio Restrepo Escobar. Its elevation is 1,360 metres above sea level with an average temperature of 22 °C. The distance reference from Medellín city, the capital of Antioquia Department, is 117 km and it has a total area of 402.5 km2. This town is well known for being the place where Gonzalo Arango a writer, philosopher and Antioquian journalist was born. The more significantly source of its economy is agriculture, mainly coffee cultivation.

Climate
Andes has a tropical rainforest climate (Köppen: Af) with consistent temperatures, cool nights, and abundant rainfall.

title: Andes, Antioquia


text:
Angelópolis

Angelópolis is a town and municipality in Antioquia Department, Colombia. It borders the municipalities of Armenia, Heliconia, and Medellín to the north; La Estrella and Caldas to the east; Amagá to the south; and Titiribí and Armenia to the west. Its municipal seat is 48 kilometers from the city of Medellín, the capital of the department of Antioquia. The municipality has an area of 86 square kilometers.

History
The priest Joaquín María Giraldo is considered the first pioneer of the region and the original founder of the town. After the first settlements were established, something very similar to what happened in the rest of southwestern Antioquia happened with this community: the search for gold.

After the gold rush, settlers arrived in the region until, in 1887, a pair of them, the brothers Joaquín and Petrona Franco, decided to build a chapel on a mountainous ridge they called "Los Ángeles." They were accompanied by the aforementioned Father Joaquín María Giraldo, who would become an icon of the population and who proposed the name "Angelópolis" for the recent foundation. The name stayed forever.

Angelópolis acquired the status of a district in 1896 and remains so to this day.

Its name continues to mean 'City of Angels,' and it is located just 48 km from Medellín. It is a small town and is next to the majestic El Romeral natural reserve, which serves as a natural boundary with the municipality of La Estrella. This area, of immense value in ecotourism, attracts more and more ecotourists and hikers, and is the cradle of several rivers, and is home to many species of flora and fauna.

General Information

 * Foundation: June 16, 1887
 * Municipality status: Ordinance 16 of July 13, 1896
 * Founders: Joaquín María Giraldo, Brothers Joaquín and Petrona Franco
 * Nickname: "Land of the Angels"

Climate

 * Maximum temperature: 23 °C
 * Minimum temperature: 18 °C

Geography
It is connected by road to the municipalities of Heliconia, La Estrella, Caldas, Amagá, Titiribí, Armenia, and Medellín. It was named Angelópolis by the aforementioned Father Joaquín María Giraldo, who is also considered one of the first founders. The patron saints of the population are the Holy Angels, hence its name.

Political-Administrative Division
Besides its municipal seat, Angelópolis has jurisdiction over the following populated centers:

 * Corregimiento La Estación
 * Vereda Cienaguita
 * Vereda Santa Rita
 * Vereda San Isidro
 * Vereda La Cascajala
 * Vereda Promisión
 * Vereda La Clara
 * Vereda El Barro
 * Vereda El Nudillo
 * Vereda Santa Bárbara

Historical Population

 * 1912: 3,578: —
 * 1918: 4,117: +15.1%
 * 1938: 4,936: +19.9%
 * 1951: 5,315: +7.7%
 * 1964: 6,309: +18.7%
 * 1973: 6,135: −2.8%
 * 1985: 6,100: −0.6%
 * 1993: 6,479: +6.2%
 * 2005: 7,641: +17.9%
 * 2018: 9,180: +20.1%

Total Population: 9,180 inhabitants (2018)

 * Urban Population: 7,168
 * Rural Population: 2,012
 * Literacy Rate: 78.7% (2005)

Life Expectancy:
 * Urban Area: 77.4%
 * Rural Area: 80.5%
 * Men: 70 years
 * Women: 77 years

Ethnography
According to figures presented by DANE from the 2005 census, the ethnographic composition of the municipality is:

 * Mestizos & Whites: 99.8%
 * Afro-Colombians: 0.1%
 * Indigenous: 0.1%

Public Transport
Buses and minivans: The municipality of Angelópolis has an inter-municipal bus and minivan system that connects the municipality with Medellín and also offers services to the municipality of Caldas.

Economy
Angelópolis is a mining and, notably, coal-producing land. It also has economic activities in agriculture, livestock, and commerce.

 * Mining: coal, sand, clay, magnesium
 * Agriculture: coffee, sugarcane, plantains
 * Livestock: cattle and pigs
 * Handicraft Industry: manufacturing of saddles and tack for horses and mules.

Festivals

 * Mineral Festival, December 7 to 9
 * Festival of the Virgin of Carmen on July 16
 * San Isidro Festival in July

Gastronomy
Angelópolis mainly offers typical Antioquian food, such as the famous Bandeja paisa, as well as barbecues.

Places of Interest

 * Alto del Romeral, an official ecological reserve, a wooded area of 900 hectares located on the borders with the Antioquian municipalities of Caldas and La Estrella, and with a corregimiento of Medellín named San Antonio de Prado
 * Quebrada La Ramírez, with its waterfalls, in the sector of El Matadero
 * Ecological Trails with abundant forests rich in flora and fauna: the Angelópolis - Caldas route stands out
 * Coal Mines
 * Parochial Church of the Holy Angels
 * Warehouses of the old Antioquia Railway

title: Angelópolis


text:
Angostura, Antioquia

Angostura is a town and municipality in Antioquia Department, Colombia. It is part of the subregion of Northern Antioquia. The population was 10,500 at the 2018 census.

title: Angostura, Antioquia


text:
Anorí

Anorí is a town and municipality in the Antioquia Department, Colombia. It is part of the subregion of Northeastern Antioquia. The cloud forest near Anorí forms the majority of the range of the endemic, critically endangered chestnut-capped piha.

The population was 14,502 at the 2018 census.

title: Anorí


text:
Amalfi, Antioquia

Amalfi is a town and municipality of the Colombian Andes, northern part of the Central Mountain Range in the Antioquia Department and part of the subregion of Northeastern Antioquia. The territory of Amalfi is bordered by the municipalities of Anorí and Segovia at its north; Segovia, Remedios and Vegachí at the east; Vegachí, Yalí, Yolombó and Gómez Plata at the south and Anorí and Guadalupe at the west. The town is served by Amalfi Airport.

It has an extension of 91 miles squares, being one of the biggest Antioquean municipalities in extension with a population of 22,088 inhabitants as of 2015. The county seat has a population of 11,481 inhabitants and it is located in La Víbora Valley, on a mountainous region that is rich in gold and water reserves, attracting settlers since the half of the 19th century from other Antioquean regions, especially Copacabana, Rionegro, La Ceja, Santa Fe de Antioquia, Yarumal and Santa Rosa de Osos, as well as migrants from countries such as Spain, Syria, Liban, Morocco, China, Germany, Sweden, Finland and West African regions like Nigeria. A permanent affluent of outside settlers during the 19th and 20th centuries searching for gold, absorbed the native population from whom there are archeological evidences dated about 9 thousand years ago that belong to the cultures of the Yamesíes, Guamocoes and Tahamíes. Their extinct language is alive in local expressions and geographical names in their interaction with European and African descendants.

The municipality is identified with the Tiger of Amafil, a historical event dated 1949, when some locals hunted a Bengal Tiger that was freed in the region. As it is also the natural habitat of the jaguar, the event became popular. The inhabitants are known as the Tigers of Amalfi.

Toponymy
The name Amalfi in Colombia honors the Italian city of Amalfi of Salerno. There are two competing hypotheses for the name of this city:

 * 1) Derivation from the name Melfi, a commune of the Vulture area in the Province of Potenza, southern Italy, at the foot of the Vulture Mountain. Today, Melfi is a commercial and touristic area.
 * 2) A Roman gens of the 1st century that was a family consisting of all those individuals who shared the same nomen and claimed descent from a common ancestor in ancient Rome. The Roman gens of Amalfi created this town at the Adriatic coast in 596.

Pre-Columbian time
The position of Amalfi between the last edges of the Andes to its north and the slopes to the Caribbean region, made it a human corridor of ancient migrations. Native Americans were present in what is today modern Colombia since about 15 thousand years ago. In the region of the municipality of Amalfi there are archeological traces dated 9 thousand years ago related to the cultures of Yamesíes, Guamocoes and Tahamíes. Although those peoples are considered today extinct, their descendants survived in the mestizo population of the region, as well as ancient traditions, names, believes and myths like the Jaguar cult, the petroglyphs, words and other elements that are object of current anthropological and archaeological studies.

Land of pioneers
The territory of the modern municipality of Amalfi was not of much interest for the Spaniards during the three centuries of colonial rule (16th to 18th centuries) as it was in neighbouring regions such as Segovia, Remedios and Yolombó, attracted by their rich gold mines.

In 1580 the Spaniard conqueror of Antioquia, Don Gaspar de Rodas, made an excursion to the region following the Porce and Nechi rivers, but he did not make Spanish foundations. He would established the town of Zaragoza in 1581, while searching for a connection with the Magdalena River.

During the 18th century groups of traders from Cartagena de Indias, Santa Marta and Mompox settled on the Lower Cauca of Antioquia searching for gold and founded the first town in the today Amalfi territory known as Cancán that is today known as Corregimiento de Portachuelo. They built a Catholic church and some persons lived there, depending their administration from Zaragoza, but it was abandoned few years later.

After the Independence of Antioquia, General Julián Trujillo, acting governor, tried to recover the old foundation under the name of San Martín town, but it did not attract enough settlers and was abandoned in 1888.

During the Antioquean Colonization, families from Rionegro, La Ceja and other towns of the Eastern Antioquia, Medellín, Copacabana, Yarumal, Santa Rosa de Osos and Santa Fe de Antioquia, migrated to the region in search of gold and other opportunities. Among these first Antioquean settlers, came also foreigners, especially German Jews, Arabs from the Middle East, Chinese that were working on the Antioquean Rail Constructions and Nordic Europeans (Norway.)

Official foundation
In 1838 Reverend Father José Santamaría y Zola, a Spaniard Catholic priest from Málaga, Spain that was living in Copacabana, led an expedition of families that were looking for new opportunities around the mine golds. They founded a town at the Riachón River Valley that was concluded in 1843. The first settlers changed the name many times: Riachón, Santa Bárbara, Cueva Santa and Nueva Población.

Bishop Juan de la Cruz Gómez Plata made a visit to Italy and he got in love with the Italian town of Amalfi of Salerno. Although it was a town at the side of the Tyrrhenian Sea, very different from the mountain town on the Antioquia's Andes, Bishop Gómez Plata thought that the blue skies of the Italian town resembled that of the Antioquean one. For this reason he decided to give that Italian name to the new settlement of gold miners to be called Amalfi-Antioquia.

A Swedish migrant into the region, engineer and geographer, Carlos Segismundo de Greiff (1793-1870), made his contribution with the design of the streets of the new town with professor Antonio Aguilar, a master plan that is preserved and admired for its symmetric distribution on the Riachón Valley. This Swedish Greiff is the first ancestor in Colombia of the Greiff family that generated remarkable characters such as poet León de Greiff (1895–1976), musician and journalist Otto de Greiff (1903-1995), politician Gustavo de Greiff Restrepo (1929-), lawyer Mónica de Greiff (1956-) and historian Jorge Arias de Greiff (1922-).

title: Amalfi, Antioquia


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Santa Fe de Antioquia

Santa Fe de Antioquia is a municipality in the Antioquia Department, Colombia. The city is located approximately 58 km north of Medellín, the department capital. The population was 23,216 at the 2018 census.

History
Founded in 1541 by Jorge Robledo as Villa de Santafé on the western bank of the Cauca River, in 1545 it received the coat of arms and the title of City of Antioquia from King Philip II of Spain. It was elevated to the status of parish in 1547 by the bishop of Popayán. It changed its name in 1584 when it became the capital of Antioquia. It was a mining town from its beginnings and the gold mining operation has been the base of its economy.

Its cathedral was constructed in 1799 and elevated to the Diocese of Antioquia in 1804 by Pope Pius VII. In 1813 Antioquia was declared a sovereign and independent state with Santa Fe as its capital, a status it maintained until 1826, when Medellín was chosen as the new departmental seat. Due to the state of conservation of its colonial architecture, it was declared a national monument in 1960.

Geography
The municipal area is 493 km2, with a mountainous territory within the Central Cordillera of the Andes and watered by both the Cauca and the Tonusco Rivers.

Climate
The climate of Santa Fe de Antioquia is tropical and humid, typical of Colombia's Cauca River valley, due to its low altitude and its geographical location near the equator. The average temperature is 25.5 C throughout the year. This pleasant weather has allowed tourism to develop in the city, which has been filled with hostels, hotels and water parks frequented by people from Medellín and the near metropolitan area.

Economy
The economy of Santa Fe de Antioquia is based on agriculture: the main products are coffee, maize and beans.

Tourism
Tourism has been, and continues to be one of the more important economic enterprises for the municipality. The opening of the Tunnel of the West (which reduces the time and the distance between the locality and Medellín) in 2006 has allowed hundreds of tourists to arrive each weekend, stimulating the vocation of the vicinity as a summer vacation site. In 2017 a modernization project began on its main Plaza which was completed in 2018. The project closed traffic to cars and added gardens with the help of Botanical Garden of Medellín.

Santa Fe was named a Pueblo Patrimonio (heritage town) of Colombia in 2010. It was the only municipality in Antioquia selected to be part of the Red Turística de Pueblos Patrimonio original cohort.

Sites of Interest
All of the town is a historical site; the architecture that has survived through the years gives Santa Fe de Antioquia the aspect of a city "suspended" in the colonial era, which is the reason the city was declared National monument.

 * Puente de Occidente (Bridge of the West, a National Monument); suspension bridge built in 1887, same year as the Eiffel Tower, over the Cauca River.
 * Metropolitan Cathedral
 * Archiepiscopal Palace
 * Plaza Mayor Juan de Corral
 * Museum of Religious Art
 * The House of the Two Palms
 * La Playita (Famous Ranch To The South of the Plaza)
 * Tonusco Campestre

title: Santa Fe de Antioquia


text:
Anzá

 Anza is a town and municipality in Antioquia Department, Colombia. It spans an area of 256 km2 (99 sq mi).

title: Anzá


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Arboletes

Arboletes is a town and municipality in the subregion of Urabá in Antioquia Department, Colombia.

The municipality is bounded by the Caribbean Sea to the north, the department of Córdoba to the north and east, the municipality of San Pedro de Urabá to the south and west, and the municipalities of Turbo and Necoclí. The town is 502 km from the city of Medellin, capital of the department of Antioquia. The municipality covers an area of 710 km².

Arboletes has 8 rural townships (corregimientos): El Carmelo, La Trinidad, Naranjitas, El Guadual, La Candelaria, Buenos Aires, Las Platas and Pajillal.

Etymology
The name "Arboletes" means "land of trees", though this is purely historical. Almost all forests in the area were cleared for a thriving cattle industry, an activity on which the municipality depends. However, there are wilderness areas in the municipality, formed by the rain forests that gave rise to the name of the municipality.

History
Arboletes is now a municipality of the department of Antioquia, born of a land dispute between that department and its neighboring department of Córdoba.

The town of Arboletes was founded in 1920 by José Torres Vargas y José María Reales, and was a township (corregimiento) of the municipality of Turbo, Antioquia. The municipality of Arboletes was established in August 1958.

Economy
Arboletes is primarily a livestock region, and ranching occupies 90% of the land of the municipality. Cattle, swine, goats, and horses are raised in the area. Agriculture in the area includes Bananas, Yams, Cassava, Maize, Rice, and Fruit.

Mud Volcano
Arboletes has a mud volcano located in the Santa Fe de la Plata corregimiento. The mud volcano has had eruptions in 2006 and 2010. The mud density allows people to float and swim on the surface. This place is visited by tourists from around the world and is renowned for its medicinal benefits.

Climate
Arboletes has a tropical savanna climate (Aw) with moderate to little rainfall from December to March and heavy rainfall from April to November.

title: Arboletes


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Apartadó

Apartadó is a town and municipality in the Antioquia Department, Colombia. It is part of the Urabá sub-region.

"Apartadó" means "river of plantains" in the local Indian language. The town is located near the Atlantic Ocean in the Gulf of Urabá, the economy is based in bananas, plantain, corn, cassava, cocoa, wood and livestock. The mean maximum temperature is 30 C and the relative humidity is above 80% all year round.

Apartadó is divided in 48 neighborhoods, and here is the best high school of the region of Urabá Antioquia. Today, the government is stimulating industrialization because it is near the Caribbean Sea and to the center of the country. The municipality had a population of 127,744 in 2020.

Climate
Apartadó has a tropical rainforest climate (Köppen Af) with heavy rainfall year-round. =

Transportation
The city is served by Antonio Roldán Betancourt Airport, with service on three commercial airlines.

title: Apartadó


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Ada Township

Ada Township may refer to:
 * Ada Township, Michigan
 * Ada Township, Dickey County, North Dakota
 * Ada Township, Perkins County, South Dakota

title: Ada Township


text:
Argelia, Antioquia

Argelia is a town and municipality in Antioquia Department, Colombia. Part of the subregion of Eastern Antioquia. The population was 8,911 in 2005.

Climate
Argelia has a tropical rainforest climate (Af) which closely borders a subtropical highland climate. It has very heavy rainfall year round.

title: Argelia, Antioquia


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Armenia, Antioquia

Armenia, also known as Armenia Mantequilla (Spanish for Butter Armenia) to avoid confusion with other Armenias, is a municipality and town in the western region of the Antioquia Department, Colombia. It lies at an altitude of 1,800 m (5,900 ft) above sea level.

title: Armenia, Antioquia


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Barbosa, Antioquia

Barbosa is a town and municipality in Antioquia Department, Colombia. Situated 39 km from Medellín's downtown, it is one of the municipalities of the Metropolitan Area of the Aburrá Valley. The population was estimated to be 54,347 in 2020. It is known as the Gateway to the Northeast, famous for its lakes and streams. A traditional Pineapple Festival is held here in December and a Train Festival in the district of El Hatillo in August.

title: Barbosa, Antioquia


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Bello, Antioquia

Bello is a city and municipality in Antioquia Department, Colombia and a suburb of Medellín, the department capital. Bello is part of the Metropolitan Area of the Aburrá Valley in the department of Antioquia. It is bordered on the north by the municipality of San Pedro de los Milagros, on the east by the municipality of Copacabana, on the south by the municipality of Medellín and on the west by the municipalities of Medellín and San Jerónimo.

It is the center of the development in the north of the Aburrá Valley (Valle de Aburrá), and as a member of the Metropolitan Area of Aburrá Valley, or AMVA (Área Metropolitana del Valle de Aburrá), some public services are regulated for the Metropolitan Area. There are several nicknames for the municipality: Imperio del Cacique Niquia (Cacique Niquia's Empire), Cuna de Marco Fidel Suárez ("Marco Fidel Suárez's cradle"), "Ciudad de los artistas" ("Artist's city").

History
Meaning "Beautiful" in English, Bello was founded in 1676 as "Hato Viejo". The department later changed its name to Bello in honor of Latin American polymath Andrés Bello (1781-1865). Bello was granted municipal status in 1913, officially making it one of the cities of Antioquia Department.

Bello is also known as the "City of Artists" in Colombia. Its current mayor is Carlos Alirio Muñoz López.

In July 1541, troops under the command of Jerónimo Luis Tejelo (Deputy Marshal to Jorge Robledo) found the wide valley of Los Aburrá inhabited by indigenous farmers who had "a habitat organized in groups with scattered houses, forming clusters of houses". This was especially true in the town of Niquías, which occupied the territory now called Bello.

In 1574, the Spanish subject Gaspar de Rodas requested a land grant for the Aburrá Valley from the town hall of Santa Fe de Antioquia in order to establish therein "herds of livestock and agricultural plots", in order to provide food for the conquest. He was awarded the territories from the hill or "Asientos viejos de Aburrá" – an area which is now occupied by the Medellin town center – down, including the Niquía territory. In 1576, the captain of Rodas came to exercise control over the area from the Spanish Crown, permitting the use of the territory for corrals, ranches and flocks. From 1613 onward, the area began to be called Hatoviejo instead of Hato de Rodas or Hato de Aburrá to distinguish it from later herds.

In this context the colonizers exercised their chivalry, understood as "that noble philosophy that reacted against innovations." Thus they endowed their farms with chapels to signify prestige and noble origin and so it can be inferred that in Bello the colony was not given a foundation that "involve a regular pattern of squares and streets. Hatoviejo was not a village as it was in the beginning the town of Candelaria." The chapels that were constructed were Our Lady of Chiquinquirá (in 1653) Our Lady of the Rosary (1720), Our Lady of Sopetrán (in Madera, 1775) and Our Lady of Guadalupe (in Fontidueño, 1761). Later these temples were moved or demolished, as happened with the Hatoviejo Parish Church of Our Lady of the Rosary, demolished in 1788 in order to build the Chapel of Hatoviejo in 1792, which still stands. At the end of the eighteenth century, in 1788, Hatoviejo was elevated to the status of party, assigned to the jurisdiction of the town of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria in Medellin.

In Hatoviejo the land was organized according to the economic role of its people. The reference to "Calle arriba" (Up the road) and "Calle Abajo," (down the road) was common. The square and the Church of the Rosary were used as the central point. On 28 December 1883 the "Ciudadano Presidente " of the Antioquia State renamed the village from Hatoviejo to Bello, at the request of a group of people who felt that the name "Hato" made them despised and humiliated as hato was a place for animals. Instead, the name Bello was "more cultured, more appropriate and more worthy of the great patriarch of American letters" (Andrés Bello).

Geography
Bello forms part of the Aburrá Valley, a valley in the Andes mountain range. It is located next to Medellín at its northern border in the Valley of Aburrá. The climate is warm and is affected by gentle winds throughout the year.

The city has a total area of 142.36 km2 of which 19.7 km2 are urban land and 122.66 km2 is rural land. This valley is fully urbanized in the plains, and very busy on its slopes. In the valley it is crossed by the Medellín River, which runs south–north, and its 57 streams throughout its 70 kilometers.

Topographically the urban part of the city is a tilted plane that descends from 1600 to 1400 meters above sea level. Bello is in the northern part of the valley and the mountains surrounding the city exceed 2,500 meters.

The main topographic feature is the Cerro Quitasol (pyramidal mountain, 2,880 meters above sea level), located north of the city and considered by its grandeur as the tutelary hill of Bello.

Climate
The city, being located in the tropics, does not experience climatic changes. The average rainfall is 1347 mm., The temperature is determined by climatic zones ranging from desert, through cold up to medium where he is the highest, which has an average temperature of 25.7 °C throughout the year, alternating between dry and wet periods and is cooled by winds that blow along the valley throughout the year.

Additionally the area receives trade winds that blow from the lower valleys of the Cauca river to the west and the Magdalena river to the east and middle, creating a dense layer of warm air, which causes the lower part of the town and some surrounding areas to increase in humidity and increase barometric temperature. As a result of the wind, northern municipalities such as Bello, Copacabana, Girardota and Barbosa are warmer than the Antioquia capital of Medellin, despite its proximity.

Demographics
According to figures from the 2005 DANE census, Bello has 371,973 inhabitants. It is the second largest city in the metropolitan area of the Aburrá Valley, altogether totaling 3,312,165 people. The municipality has a population density of about 2496 per square kilometer. 47.1% of the population are male and 52.9% are female. The literacy rate in the population over 5 years of age is 92.9%. Public services have high coverage, since 96.9% of households have electricity service, 96.4% have water service and 91.4% have telephone communication.

According to figures from the Government of Antioquia based on the 2004 Quality of Life Survey, the prevailing socioeconomic strata in the municipality is 2 (low) with 39.3%, followed by the strata 3 (medium-low) at 36.1% then strata 1 (low-high) with 20.2%. In a smaller proportion are also strata 4 (middle) and 5 (medium-high) with 4.3% and 0.1% respectively, which are mainly rustic houses located on the sidewalks of the municipality.

Ethnography
According to figures from the DANE 2005 census, the ethnographic composition of the municipality is:
 * Mestizos & Whites: 92.2%
 * Afro-Colombians: 7.7%
 * Indigenous: 0.1%

Politico-administrative structures
Bello is governed by a democratic system based on administrative decentralization processes generated by the Political Constitution of Colombia, 1991. The city is governed by a mayor (executive power) and a Municipal Council (legislative power).

The Mayor of Bello is the head of government and of the municipal administration, representing the municipality legally, judicially and extrajudicially. It is a position elected by popular vote for a four-year period. The current mayor is Carlos Alirio Munoz Lopez.

The main functions of the Mayor are to administer the resources of the municipality, to provide for the welfare and interests of his fellow citizens and to represent them before the Federal Government. He should also promote local policies to improve the quality of life, such as health programs, housing, education and road infrastructure; equally, he maintains public order.

The Municipal Council of Bello is a popularly elected public corporation, composed of 19 democratically elected councillors, for a term of four years. The council is the legislative body and makes binding agreements within its territorial jurisdiction. Its functions include approving projects from the mayor, issuing the organic standards of the budget and issuing the annual revenues and expenditures budget. To manage the municipality, the Mayor has 14 ministries:

 * Administrative Services Secretariat
 * Secretariat of Government
 * Secretariat of Sport and Recreation
 * Education and Culture Secretariat
 * Internal Control Secretariat
 * Secretariat of Health
 * Planning Secretariat
 * Secretariat of Infrastructure
 * The Environment Secretariat
 * General Secretariat
 * Secretariat of Finance
 * Secretariat of Welfare and Social Integration
 * Secretariat of Transport and Traffic
 * Secretariat of Entrepreneurship

Administrative divisions

The urban Bello area is divided into 12 communes. These are subdivided into neighborhoods, totaling 82. In rural areas there is a township and 15 hamlets.

In the 2011 local elections, blank ballots won. Un-marked votes, invalid votes and blank votes increased to 56.7% from 43.3%, for the only candidate represented. As a result of this the elections had to be repeated in less than a month.

The communes are:

Metropolitan area
The Metropolitan Area of the Aburrá Valley is an administrative political entity which is based throughout the Aburrá Valley at an average altitude of about 1,538 meters.

The area consists of 10 municipalities, and is crossed from south to north by the Medellín River which, being born to its south in the town of Caldas, it takes on the name of Rio Porce in the north, in the municipality of Barbosa.

It was the first metropolitan area to be established in Colombia in 1980 and is the second largest metropolitan area in the country in population after the Capital District of Bogotá. The total population, which includes the urban and rural population of the ten cities is 3,312,165 inhabitants.

The main urban area of the Metropolitan Area of the Aburrá Valley is located in the center of the valley and consists of the four largest cities by population: Medellin, Bello, Itagüí and Envigado.

Economy
In the urban area the main economic activities are related to textiles, concentrates, organized trade, informal trade, and the exploitation of sand pits and quarries. The rural areas are devoted to agriculture and livestock on a small scale.

Both industry and trade have been contributing to economic activities in the town as a result of their contribution to and participation in economic growth.

The economic activity of the municipality of Bello is represented in the following sectors according to their levels of participation:

Industrial activity

 * Textiles 18.30%
 * Wood, paper and publishing, chemicals, coal, rubber, mineral and nonmetallic products 16.92%
 * Other nonspecific industries 14.85%
 * Basic machinery and equipment metal industries 12.60%

Commercial activity

 * Retail (Includes agricultural production) 61.51%
 * Hotels and accommodation 26.14%
 * Transport, storage and communication 9.60%
 * Wholesale 2.19%
 * Construction 0.78%

Communication
In the town of Bello virtually all possible telecommunications services are available, from payphones, to mobile phone networks, broadband wireless networks, browsing centers or cybercafés, IP communication, and others.

The leading company in this sector is EPM Telecommunications (under its brand UNE), recently separated from its parent company Public Enterprises of Medellín (EPM). Also present are Bello Cable Bello Television Telecommunications Company, the Bogotá Telecommunications Enterprise (ETB), Telmex and Telecom (from Telefónica).

There are three mobile operators all with nationwide coverage and GSM technology, Claro, Movistar (Telefónica) and Tigo of ETB, EPM and Luxembourg's Millicom International Telecommunications.

The Avantel company also operates in the municipality, offering trunking service, which is done by means of a hybrid cellular and radio.

The city has several channels of broadcast television, the three local channels – Telemedellín, Channel U and Televida, (which cover the Valle de Aburrá), a regional channel Teleantioquia, and five national channels: two private – Caracol and RCN, and three public – Canal Uno, Señal Institucional and Señal Colombia. In addition the TVN Channel of the Cable Bello Television Cable System, reaches approximately 80,000 thousand homes. Subscription TV companies offer their own channels.

The city has a variety of AM and FM stations, with both local and national coverage, most of which are managed by Caracol Radio or RCN Radio, although there are other independent stations such as Todelar and Super.

In Bello and the rest of Antioquia there are two major newspapers in circulation: El Colombiano and El Mundo, both with a long history at the regional level. Also circulating are the El Tiempo and El Espectador newspapers, both with national circulation.

Health
Bello has an infrastructure of 4 hospitals, 1 clinic, four health centers and one health post in the rural area. In addition to private health service, public health services are run by the Health Secretariat.

 * Antioquia Mental Hospital (Departmental)
 * Marco Fidel Suárez Hospital (Niquía Headquarters) (Departmental)
 * Rosalpi Hospital (Municipal)
 * Zamora Hospital (Municipal)
 * Marco Fidel Suarez Hospital (Formerly Victor Jaramillo Cardenas) (University of Antioquia and Departmental)
 * Paris Health Center (Municipal)
 * Fontidueño Health Center (Municipal)
 * Playa Rica Health Center (Municipal)
 * Mirador Health Center (Municipal)
 * North Clinic
 * EMMSA Specialized Clinic

Education
Bello has 111 educational institutions, of which 41 are public and 70 are private. Over 84,002 students are educated in these institutions, of which 48,086 are within the public sector and 35,916 within the private sector. Throughout the metropolitan area there is a wide number of higher education institutions. There are four such institutions located within Bello's territory: the University of San Buenaventura, Bello branch of Uniminuto, a sub-site of the Jaime Isaza Cadavid Colombian Polytechnic and the Marco Fidel Suárez Polytechnic.

Sports
Until 2010, the town had a football (soccer) team, Atlético Bello, in the Colombian Professional Second Division ("Primera B"). That team was later acquired by Atlético Juventud and is now defunct.

title: Bello, Antioquia


text:
Buriticá

Buriticá is a town and municipality in Antioquia Department, Colombia.

Demography
An 1852 watercolor by Henry Price depicts an Indian man and woman from Buriticá wearing blue and white clothing. It bears the notation, "Colonel Codazzi believes that this (pure) ethnic group is almost extinct."

According to the 2005 census data from the National Administrative Department of Statistics, the town's ethnic composition is:

 * Mestizo & White (98.4%)
 * Afro-Colombian (1.6%)

title: Buriticá


text:
Belmira

Belmira is a town and municipality in the northern subregion of the Colombian department of Antioquia. It is approximately 62 km from the city of Medellin. It lies at an altitude of 2,550 m (8,370 ft) above sea level.

Climate
Belmira has a cold subtropical highland climate (Cfb). It has heavy rainfall year round.

Every December the town holds a traditional festival called Fiestas De La Trucha. The festival consists of a fishing competition and musical performances by local and traditional artists.

title: Belmira


text:
Betania, Antioquia

Betania (pronounced: Bai-TAHN-ee-uh) is a town and municipality in the Colombian department of Antioquia. It is part of the subregion of Southwestern Antioquia, with a population of 9,286 people, according to the 2015 census. It is located 33 mi/53 km SW of Medellín. The main industries include coffee, sugarcane, cacao, and livestock.

Climate
Betania has a tropical rainforest climate (Af) with heavy to very heavy rainfall year-round.

title: Betania, Antioquia


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Betulia, Antioquia

Betulia is a town and municipality in the Colombian department of Antioquia. It is part of the sub-region of Southwestern Antioquia. According to the 2018 census, its population comprised 15,097 people.

Climate
Betulia has a relatively cool tropical rainforest climate (Af) due to altitude with heavy rainfall year-round.

title: Betulia, Antioquia


text:
Ciudad Bolívar, Antioquia

Bolívar is a town and municipality in Antioquia Department, Colombia. Part of the sub-region of Southwestern Antioquia, it is known as the birthplace of professional international cyclists Carlos Betancur and Julián Arredondo.

title: Ciudad Bolívar, Antioquia


text:
User talk:Wgiuliano

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --Thatdog 02:29, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Wgiuliano


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/D.J.'s World of Pleh

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Woohookitty 09:13, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

D.J.'s World of Pleh
The site in question seems to be just someone's blog, with cartoons. The cafe press link makes me think "advertising," also. Joyous (talk) 02:30, August 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nominator. Thatdog 02:36, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete; nn | Celcius 02:48, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Hamster Sandwich 03:00, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn, advertising. Dragonfiend 17:53, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete oh my, i'm d.j., i run the blog in question (just found it tonight while doing some deep searching). get it off of here, please! it (to me) looks like a waste of the internet.  the blog isn't known enough to have a wikipedia, and even then i'd question having one (someone writing about MY background on the creation of the blog!).  anywho, thanks for wanting to delete it! Djparsons226 05:50, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
1923 Pulitzer Prize

The following are the Pulitzer Prizes for 1923.

Journalism awards

 * Public Service:
 * Memphis Commercial Appeal, for its courageous attitude in the publication of cartoons and the handling of news in reference to the operations of the Ku Klux Klan.
 * Reporting:
 * Alva Johnston of The New York Times, for his reports of the proceedings of the convention of the American Association for the Advancement of Science held in Cambridge Mass., in December, 1922.
 * Editorial Writing:
 * William Allen White of The Emporia Gazette (Kansas), for an editorial entitled "To an Anxious Friend".

Letters and Drama Awards

 * Novel:
 * One of Ours by Willa Cather (Knopf)
 * Drama:
 * Icebound by Owen Davis (Little)
 * History:
 * The Supreme Court in United States History by Charles Warren (Little)
 * Biography or autobiography:
 * The Life and Letters of Walter H. Page by Burton J. Hendrick (Houghton)
 * Poetry:
 * "The Ballad of the Harp-Weaver", A Few Figs from Thistles, and "Eight Sonnets", by Edna St. Vincent Millay (Harper)

title: 1923 Pulitzer Prize


text: User talk:69.70.254.210

title: User talk:69.70.254.210


text:
File:Billandcoo.gif

Summary
Image of the film Bill and Coo.

Bill and Coo Image from MovieFlix.com

Fair use for Image in Bill and Coo
Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because:
 * 1) The screenshot is of lower resolution and quality than the original video (copies made from it will be of inferior quality).
 * 2) No free or public domain images have been located for this content.
 * 3) The screenshot does not limit the copyright owners' rights to distribute the show or DVDs in any way.
 * 4) The screenshot is intended to represent the nature of the show. Its inclusion in the article is important as an example of an element specifically detailed in the article.
 * 5) The screenshot is being used for informational purposes only, and its use is not believed to detract from the original show or DVD in any way.

Source

 * 1) Derived from a digital capture from the film/television programme discussed in this article (creator of this digital version is irrelevant as the copyright in all equivalent images is still held by the same party). Copyright held by the record company or the artist. Claimed as fair use regardless.

title: File:Billandcoo.gif


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Makedonia (dance)

Makedonia (Μακεδονία or Μακεδονικός Χορός) is a form of the Greek folk dance Hasapiko (χασάπικο) that has evolved over the years to the patriotic song "Makedonia Xakousti" (literally: "Famous Macedonia"), unofficial anthem of the Greek region of Macedonia.

title: Makedonia (dance)


text: User talk:210.9.138.5

title: User talk:210.9.138.5


text:
Giraldo, Antioquia

Giraldo is a town and municipality in Antioquia Department, Colombia. The population was 4,029 in 2015.

title: Giraldo, Antioquia


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Cáceres, Antioquia

Cáceres is a town and municipality in the Colombian department of Antioquia.

Cáceres is one of the oldest towns in Antioquia. Its history is linked to the exploitation of gold. The town was founded in 1576 by Captain Don Gaspar de Rodas, who arrived on the banks of the Cauca River, advancing on the right bank. Once chosen the place, he ordered the installation of 30 ranches and with a very animated ceremony, that town received the name of San Martín de Cáceres.

title: Cáceres, Antioquia


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Caldas, Antioquia

Caldas is a town and municipality in Antioquia Department, Colombia. Caldas is part of The Metropolitan Area of the Aburrá Valley. It is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Caldas. The population was estimated to be 83,423 in 2020.

Climate
Caldas has a subtropical highland climate (Cfb) with abundant rainfall year-round.

Notables Caldeños

 * Luis Fernando Montoya professional soccer coach
 * Ciro Mendía poet and playwright

title: Caldas, Antioquia


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Kevin Randleman

Kevin Christopher Randleman (August 10, 1971 – February 11, 2016) was an American mixed martial artist, professional wrestler, and former UFC Heavyweight Champion. Randleman's background was in collegiate wrestling, in which he became a two-time NCAA Division I and a three-time Big Ten wrestling champion out of Ohio State University. Randleman competed in the heavyweight and light heavyweight classes in MMA. In addition to competing in the UFC, Randleman also fought for other organizations such as PRIDE, WVR, and Strikeforce. He was previously associated with Mark Coleman's Team Hammer House, before training at Randy Couture's gym in Las Vegas, Nevada. On May 16, 2020, the UFC announced that Randleman would be inducted into the pioneer wing of the UFC Hall of Fame. Randleman is the first fighter to be posthumously inducted into the UFC Hall of Fame.

Background
Randleman was born in Sandusky, Ohio, and was one of eleven children. He had a humble upbringing and often engaged in street fights during childhood. Randleman attended Sandusky High School, started all four years on the football team, ran track in which he qualified for the state finals, and had a 122–11 record while on the wrestling team, including winning the state championship in 1989. Randleman then went to wrestle for Ohio State University. His redshirt freshman year he had a string of 42 victories and a first-place finish in the Big Ten Tournament, earned All-American status, and dominated in the NCAA tournament, before losing in the tournament final to Mark Reiland of Iowa. Randleman then went undefeated during his sophomore year, and won the NCAA tournament. Randleman again won the NCAA tournament in his junior year, despite having his jaw dislocated during the actual tournament. Despite having some of the most successful three years in the history of collegiate wrestling, including compiling the third best winning percentage in Ohio State wrestling history, Randleman became ineligible to wrestle in his senior year because of academic issues. After leaving Ohio State, Randleman attended Lindenwood University. However in 2002 Randleman was nominated as the Ohio State University Wrestler of the Century.

Kevin supported the United States Army troops whenever he could. While in Iraq in 2008, Kevin traveled with other UFC fighters to visit the troops at the 4th Infantry Division’s Modern Army Combatives tournament at Camp Liberty. He quickly got down on the mats and gave an impromptu ground demonstration. Kevin eagerly posed for pictures and signed autographs for anyone who asked.

Mixed martial arts career
Randleman entered mixed martial arts in 1996 when Mark Coleman, one of Randleman's coaches at Ohio State, offered him a spot in the Universal Vale Tudo Fighting 4 in Brazil. Randleman accepted and joined Coleman in what would be known as Team Hammer House.

Universal Vale Tudo Fighting
Cornered by Coleman, Randleman made his debut on October 22, 1996 at Universal Vale Tudo Fighting 4 against Luiz Carlos Maciel, stopping him with punches in five minutes. He advanced to the next round to meet Canadian fighter Geza Kalman, who outweighed him by 40 pounds, and defeated him the same way in only 2 minutes more. Randleman reached the finals, where he encountered Dan Severn's trainee Dan Bobish. The latter controlled the first minutes from the clinch, attempting neck cranks and landing several punches, but Randleman skillfully escaped. The two then exchanged hard strikes, with Bobish getting the better of it, but Randleman scored a takedown and mounted him, from where he landed several strikes for the tournament win.

In March 1997, Randleman returned to the promotion for UVF 6, in finding a difficult opponent in the first round in luta livre veteran Ebenezer Fontes Braga. The American controlled the takedowns, but the Brazilian defended solidly with strikes both standing and from his guard every time, with Randleman attempting to sneak in ground and pound through the latter. The bout soon turned controversial, however, as Braga would end up exiting the ring beneath the ropes several times, at some points even being externally helped by his team. Later in the bout, Braga scored several kicks and knees over a gradually fatigued Randleman, but Randleman was still able to control the fight, and later landed a striking combo that sent Braga out of the ring. After 20 minutes of fighting, a unanimous decision was given to Randleman, who acknowledged Braga's effort too.

Randleman's next opponent was acclaimed Brazilian jiu-jitsu fighter Mario "Sukata" Neto. The fight was shorter than the previous, but the situation repeated itself, as Neto dragged the match out by escaping the ring and even hitting him from outside. After managing to finish him with punches, Randleman advanced the finals to meet Carlson Gracie's trainee Carlos "Carlao" Barreto, another famous BJJ fighter. The fight started with a lengthy clinch battle, but Barreto pulled guard and attacked him with upkicks and strikes. The Brazilian remained on the ground, where Randleman attacked with ground and pound, but fatigue eventually caught with him, and Barreto was finally capable to lock a triangle choke for the win. The stoppage was disputed by Coleman, who wound up arguing with Gracie and his team.

The end of Randleman's tenure in Brazil was at Brazil Open-'97 in June 1997. He beat Gustavo Homem de Neve in under two minutes, but he was then pitted against another decorated American wrestler, RAW team member Tom Erikson. Randleman attempted to push the 50 pounds heavier Erikson into the fence, but he was caught with a right hook, and then Erikson unloaded a series of big shots for the knock out. The Hammer House fighter had to be stretchered out with the help of Erikson himself. Randleman claimed he had befriended Erikson before the match and it was difficult for him to fight him.

Ultimate Fighting Championship
Randleman fought in the UFC heavyweight and light heavyweight divisions at UFC 19, UFC 20, UFC 23, UFC 26, UFC 28, UFC 31, and UFC 35. Beating Maurice Smith to become a top contender at UFC 19, he fought Bas Rutten for the UFC Heavyweight Championship at UFC 20, which was previously vacated by Randy Couture. Randleman lost via a decision to Rutten, even though Randleman maintained positional superiority with takedowns, it was judged that Rutten was the more active fighter with strikes. This fight became infamous due to Mark Coleman's instructions before the second overtime that Randleman "smear the blood" from the cut he had created above Rutten's nose into his eye, so his opponent would not be able to see. This was a very controversial loss at the time, so much that the judges official criteria for how fights are scored and tallied was changed as a consequence.

Randleman achieved his goal to become the UFC Heavyweight Champion on November 19, 1999, beating Pete Williams at UFC 23 for the title which was vacated upon Rutten's retirement.

Before his scheduled fight as the main event at UFC 24, Randleman slipped on some pipes and fell on the concrete floor, which rendered him unconscious. As a result, he was pulled from the card. He was later diagnosed with a concussion. The UFC did not announce that his main event fight was cancelled until right before it was to take place. As a result, there was no main event to this card. His fight, scheduled with Pedro Rizzo, ended up taking place at UFC 26, Randleman won via unanimous decision.

However, he later lost the title to Randy Couture at UFC 28 via TKO. After losing the title, he moved down to light heavyweight, feeling it was a more natural weight for his body, but suffered a setback, losing to Chuck Liddell at UFC 31 in his first fight at light heavyweight before beating Renato "Babalu" Sobral by unanimous decision in his final fight with the UFC.

PRIDE FC
On September 29, 2002, Randleman made his debut in Pride Fighting Championships, taking on Japanese wrestler Michiyoshi Ohara. Randleman acquired an easy victory, as Ohara appeared to have no intention of trying to fight Randleman right from the outset, and even tried to flee and grab the ropes several times in an attempt to avoid damage from Randleman. This match was panned by the audience and Randleman himself, who left the ring before being awarded his trophy, was visibly angry.

Throughout the course of 2002, Randleman gained victories over Kenichi Yamamoto via TKO after vicious knee strikes from north-south position and Murilo "Ninja" Rua via TKO by cutting Rua with a counter left hook. This winning streak would eventually put him in the spot of contender for the Pride Middeweight Championship, held by Wanderlei Silva. At Pride 25, Randleman faced another Middleweight contender, fellow American wrestler Quinton "Rampage" Jackson, in a match that determined the number one contender for Silva's belt. In the first round Randleman suffered his first loss in PRIDE, after an incredible knee-uppercut combination from Jackson knocked Randleman down. The referee stopped the fight after Rampage got dominant position and began landing strikes on Randleman.

Randleman faced Kazushi Sakuraba for his last match in 2003. Just three months before the fight with Sakuraba, Randleman was involved in a severe car accident in which he seized while driving his SUV. He hit a truck and was almost decapitated, but survived with a horrible head wound that required 180 stitches. However, he took an EKG test and several physical tests by a doctor which determined that he was medically okay to leave, and that there was essentially no issues other than the large skin wound. Randleman lost the fight to Sakuraba via a third-round armbar submission.

Randleman became one of the sixteen participants in the PRIDE 2004 Heavyweight Tournament, alongside teammate Mark Coleman. His first round match up at PRIDE Total Elimination 2004 was against former K-1 kickboxer Mirko Cro Cop, a participant heavily favored to win the entire tournament. Randleman knocked out Cro Cop by ground and pound following a left hook that surprised and knocked him down. In the second round, at PRIDE Critical Countdown 2004, Randleman faced off against the reigning PRIDE Heavyweight Champion Fedor Emelianenko. Again a heavy underdog, in a short bout he managed to suplex Fedor onto his head, landing in north-south position. This maneuver failed to damage Fedor, who quickly capitalized on Randleman's characteristic failure to inflict damage upon opponents from a dominant position by reversing him and submitting him with a kimura, thereby eliminating him from the tournament.

With his tournament journey over, Randleman went on to square off against friend and fellow American wrestler Ron Waterman at PRIDE Final Conflict 2004. Randleman picked up and slammed much bigger Waterman, and was ahead on the scorecards but made one mistake and lost by americana in the first round. At PRIDE Shockwave 2004 Randleman offered a rematch to Mirko Cro Cop. Cro Cop submitted Randleman in the first round via guillotine choke, avenging his loss and adding another loss to Randleman's losing streak in the process. In the Opening Round of PRIDE's 2005 Middleweight Grand Prix, Kevin Randleman lost to Kazuhiro Nakamura via decision. In November 2005, Randleman appeared in Bushido Europe: Rotterdam Rumble, Europe's first Bushido event, and defeated Fatih Kocamis via decision, ending his losing streak, and giving him his first win in nearly a year.

Randleman was taken ill with a serious fungal lung infection after his Rotterdam bout that had unknowingly been present for some time. He underwent a successful surgery to have the infection removed. After recovering, he was scheduled to fight against Vitor Belfort at a Strikeforce event in San Jose, California on June 9, 2006, but was unable to, due to a recurrence of the infection. Belfort instead fought, and lost to, Alistair Overeem, by unanimous decision.

Kevin Randleman returned to PRIDE for their first show on American soil, Pride 32: The Real Deal on October 21, 2006, where he was quickly submitted with a toe hold in the first round by 2005 Middleweight Grand Prix Champion Maurício "Shogun" Rua. This match-up was made partly to capitalize on an incident where Mark Coleman fought Rua and broke his arm with a trip takedown. After the referee stopped the fight, a brawl ensued. Chute Boxe and Hammer House members then entered the ring, clashing verbally and physically, creating bad blood between the two teams.

Controversy, illness and suspension from fighting
After the bout with Rua, Randleman failed a drug test administered by the Nevada Athletic Commission. Randleman submitted a urine sample lacking any hormones to the Nevada State Athletic Commission. This indicated that the sample was fake. On January 19, 2007, Randleman was hospitalized due to serious damage to his kidneys. In an interview with MMAWeekly, he stated he failed to submit a urine sample due to his use of painkillers and antibiotics after his previous surgeries that may have prevented him from being cleared to fight, and his health issues were a result of the cumulative effects of his surgeries, medication and fighting on his body.

The Nevada Athletic Commission met on February 16, 2007, to discuss the fake sample and revoked Randleman's license to fight. He was able to reapply for a license after October 21, 2007, a year from the date of his loss to Maurício Rua.

In 2007, Randleman was sidelined for more than a year when a staph infection under his arm leaked into his bloodstream. The infection nearly killed him; it left a gaping hole under his arm, shut down his liver and kidney and left him in a coma.

He was quoted as saying “It looked like someone had taken a shotgun and shot me up close,” says Randleman. After dismissing his symptoms for five weeks, he was admitted to the hospital in septic condition. Doctors were forced to remove portions of Randleman’s lateral and pectoral muscles in an attempt to eradicate the staph bacteria from his body.

In October 2007, he was quoted as saying of the staph infection "I was in critical condition for almost three weeks and I am two weeks out of the hospital now ... pain is just part of the healing, and it hurts a lot.... I had two organs shut down again. I think what I need to do is stop enduring the pain and go see the doctors earlier."

World Victory Road: Sengoku
After one year and seven months of lay off due to kidney problems, a staph infection and suspension, Randleman came back with a unanimous decision over Ryo Kawamura on May 18, 2008, at Sengoku 2.

Randleman's next fight was scheduled to be on June 21, 2008, against Jeff Monson at the Godz of War; however, Randleman injured his shoulder while training. Ricco Rodriguez replaced him and fought Monson, losing a unanimous decision.

Randleman said that he would fight at Sengoku 6 in November, but did not. Later, he explained that he injured his shoulder very seriously in his comeback fight against Ryo Kawamura, so he took a long rest.

On November 7, 2009, Randleman fought Bulgarian prospect Stanislav Nedkov at Sengoku 11. Randleman started the fight with a good left leg kick and takedown. He used elevators and reversals to avoid damage from Nedkov, when Nedkov made a few takedowns. In the 3rd round Randleman repeated his strong left leg kick and used his new blue belt Brazilian jiu-jitsu skills to avoid bottom positions and back immediately to the top positions on the ground. After three rounds the judges rendered a controversial split decision, with one judge for Randleman and two judges for Nedkov.

Strikeforce
At the Strikeforce: Shamrock vs. Diaz press conference it was announced that he had finalised the signing of a contract with Strikeforce.

Randleman's Strikeforce debut was on June 6 against journeyman and IFL standout Mike Whitehead at Strikeforce: Lawler vs. Shields. Randleman looked to grapple immediately in the fight, whilst Whitehead controlled the fight on the feet. Whitehead won the first two rounds using takedowns but Randleman employed the use of reversals very competently to avoid significant damage. In the third round Randleman, having seemingly lost the previous rounds, threw caution to the wind and loosened his arms, becoming reckless with his strikes, but knocking his opponent down with a left hook to the chin. Randleman charged in to finish Whitehead and landed a few shots to Whitehead's head, but was unable to capitalize effectively on the knock-down. All three judges scored the bout 29–28 in favor of Whitehead.

Randleman lost to Strikeforce newcomer Roger Gracie via a rear-naked choke submission in the second round of their light heavyweight bout on May 15, 2010, at Strikeforce: Heavy Artillery. He lost 10 out of his last 13 fights. Following the loss to Russian black belt judoka, Baga Agaev with Agaev submitting Randleman with a modified armbar and dislocating his elbow, Randleman had decided to retire.

All Japan Pro Wrestling (2002)
Randleman debuted in professional wrestling in 2002 as part of All Japan Pro Wrestling's Wrestle-1 project, which brought several mixed martial artists and kickboxers to take part in wrestling matches. Teaming up with Mark Coleman, Randleman wrestled Hiroshi Hase and Satoshi Kojima in a losing effort. They returned for the next Wrestle-1 event, defeating the masked tag team of Jan the Giant Convict and Singh the Giant Convict.

Pro Wrestling Zero1 (2003–2004)
In July 2003, Randleman started working for Pro Wrestling Zero-One, teaming up with The Predator to take part in the OH Tag Festival tournament. They performed well, eliminating Yoshiaki Fujiwara and Yuki Ishikawa at the first round and Emblem (Masato Tanaka and Shinjiro Otani) at the second, but they lost in the finals to Naoya Ogawa and Katsuhisa Fujii.

Hustle (2004–2007)
The next year, Randleman started appearing in Zero-One's partner promotion Hustle. Introduced as a member of heel faction Takada Monster Army and managed by Takada's secretary Ute Werner, Randleman had his first singles match against Wataru Sakata, but he lost despite Werner trying to intervene in his favor. Due to the loss, he was expelled from the Monster Army, so he sought refuge in babyface faction Hustle Army, led by Naoya Ogawa.

After two years of inactivity, Kevin returned to Hustle in June 2007, adopting the masked superhero persona of "Randleman" and teaming up with fellow superheroes Kintaman and Kurodaman. His former partner Mark Coleman also joined the team, making it a quartet. In September 2007, Randleman made his last appearance in Hustle, defeating Kohei Sato and Piranha Monster alongside Coleman.

In February 2009, Randleman made a challenge to WWE pro-wrestler Kofi Kingston on a St. Louis FOX Sports MMA show called Absolute Wrestling Radio!

Personal life
Kevin married Barbara on August 28, 2000. After hardships, they divorced on May 26, 2005. Kevin married his longtime girlfriend and publicist, Elizabeth Broglia, on April 25, 2009. He had four children: Calvin, Jasmine, Madolyn, and Santino.

After his professional fighting career, Randleman founded a non-profit program called Monster Wrestling Academy at Coronado High School in which he taught wrestling to kids alongside other volunteer coaches like Phil Baroni.

Death
Randleman died while traveling for business on February 11, 2016; complications of pneumonia were the cause of death. He was 44 years old.

Mixed martial arts

 * Ultimate Fighting Championship
 * UFC Hall of Fame (Pioneer Wing, Class of 2020)
 * UFC Heavyweight Championship (One time; former)
 * One successful title defense
 * UFC Road To The Heavyweight Title Tournament Runner-Up (1999)
 * Universal Vale Tudo Fighting
 * UVTF 4 Tournament Champion
 * UVTF 6 Tournament Finalist
 * Brazil Open
 * Brazil Open '97 Heavyweight Tournament Runner-Up
 * Fight Matrix
 * Knockout of the Year (2004) vs. Mirko Cro Cop on April 25
 * FIGHT! Magazine
 * Knockout of the Year (2004) vs. Mirko Cro Cop on April 25
 * MMA Fighting
 * Most Lopsided Upset of the Year (2004)

Collegiate wrestling

 * National Collegiate Athletic Association
 * NCAA Division I 177 lb – Champion out of Ohio State University (1992, 1993)
 * NCAA Division I 167 lb – Runner-up out of Ohio State University (1991)
 * NCAA Division I All-American out of Ohio State University (1991, 1992, 1993)
 * Ohio State University Wrestler of the Century (20th Century)
 * Big Ten Conference
 * Big Ten 177 lb – Champion out of Ohio State University (1991, 1992, 1993)

title: Kevin Randleman


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Campamento, Antioquia

Campamento is a town and municipality in the Colombian department of Antioquia. Part of the subregion of Northern Antioquia, it lies at an altitude of 1,700 m (5,600 ft) above sea level. It is a little town, in the middle of the Andes.It borders on the north with the municipalities of Yarumal and Anorí, on the east with Anorí, on the south with the municipality of Angostura, and on the west with Yarumal.

Campamento is known as Cradle of Independence of Antioquia. The name Campamento surely comes from the fact that the area was used as a camp by muleteers traveling between the north and northeast region of Antioquia

History
In pre-Hispanic times the area was inhabited by the natives of the Nechí and Ituango tribes. In the middle of the 17th century, the north zone of the department began to be populated thanks to its gold wealth. The locality was not populated itself until 1827, the year in which the first settlers arrived from Yarumal.

The Campamentño territory was elevated to the category of Parish of the Municipality of Yarumal in 1830. Five years later the locality itself was raised to the status of a municipality by the then governor of Antioquia, Don Juan de Dios Aranzazu, thus separating the locality of the municipality of Yarumal.

In 1780 there was a lawsuit between Messrs. Joaquin Barrientos, Plácido Misas and Mr. Antonio De La Quintana who claimed rights over these lands, resolved in 1781 in favor of Messrs Barrientos and Misas, who were thenceforth the owners of Camp grounds and Yarumal. Campamento, which was a parish of Yarumal (decreed 23 April 1835, being governor of Antioquia Aranzazu), took that name in the wake of the Battle of White Chorros, 12 February 1820, in which General Jose Maria Cordova defeated General Francisco Warletta and finished with the last realistic redoubt in Antioquia. The first settlers of Campamento were people of Yarumal who arrived at the site in 1827 by insinuation of the priest of that population, gift Jose Antonio Palace Isaza, who is considered to be the founder. In 1830 the parish was created by request of the city council of Santa Rosa de Osos and in 1835 the population was given the status of municipality by decree of the Governor Juan de Dios Aranzazu. The first church in the municipality was destroyed by a fire and construction of the current one was completed in the middle of the 20th century (probably in 1954). The first telegraphic line between Yarumal and Campamento was established in 1897. Electric light reached the municipality in 1939. In 1943 the road that connects Yarumal with Campamento was brought into service.

title: Campamento, Antioquia


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Cañasgordas

Cañasgordas is a town and municipality in Antioquia Department, Colombia. The population was 13,595 at the 2018 census.

Climate
Cañasgordas has a tropical rainforest climate (Af) with heavy rainfall year-round.

title: Cañasgordas


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Talk:Home equity loan

Redirect Issues
Why is it that Home Equity Line of Credit, in capitals, redirects here, while Home equity line of credit, in lowercase form (as it is used in the article), redirects to its proper article, HELOC? This needs to be fixed.

-Alan 24.184.184.177 (talk) 18:27, 27 January 2008 (UTC)

 * It's fixed, for both Home Equity Line of Credit and Home Equity Line Of Credit. Argyriou (talk) 22:17, 28 January 2008 (UTC)

Article References
After noting the tag at the top of the article and seeing that there were references listed, I have removed these per WP:CIRCULAR, as Wikipedia cannot use itself as a source. The article needs actual references to reliable sources, and I encourage editors to provide these to improve the article. Doc  talk  22:09, 18 January 2011 (UTC)

I WOULD LIKE TO GET YOUR PHONE NUMBER

title: Talk:Home equity loan


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Caracolí

Caracolí is a town and municipality in Antioquia Department, Colombia, It has an extension of 260 km2. It has unique woodlands, with many species of animals and plants.

History
It was founded in 1866.

Economy

 * Tourism

title: Caracolí


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Carepa

Carepa is a town and municipality in Antioquia Department, Colombia. Carepa is part of the Urabá Antioquia sub-region.

Climate
Carepa has a tropical rainforest climate (Af) with heavy to very heavy rainfall year-round.

Notable people

 * Lina Flórez (1984-), athlete
 * Hermán Gaviria (1969-2002), Football player
 * Andrés Mosquera Marmolejo, football player

title: Carepa


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Caramanta

Caramanta is a town and municipality in the Colombian department of Antioquia. It is part of the sub-region of Southwestern Antioquia.

Climate
Caramanta has a subtropical highland climate (Cfb). It has heavy rainfall year round.

title: Caramanta


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El Carmen de Viboral

El Carmen de Viboral (The Snaky Carmen) is a town and municipality in the Colombian department of Antioquia. In 2020, the population was estimated to be 62,581. It is part of the subregion of Eastern Antioquia. El Carmen de Viboral is a small town that specializes in ceramics. Many shops allow visitors to see how ceramics and other handicrafts are made. It is located 54 km away from Medellín, the capital city of the Antioquia department.

Ceramics
El Carmen de Viboral is well known for its handcraft ceramics. Which date back to the 19th century (1870-1880) when Eliseo Pareja arrived and found the richness of the region in terms of feldspar and quartz, which are fundamental minerals in the fabrication of ceramics. The ceramics of El Carmen de Viboral combined the indigenous and Spaniard tradition plus the American aspirations. They are unique to the region and the world. No two ceramic pieces are the same, as everything is uniquely hand painted.

title: El Carmen de Viboral


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Carolina del Príncipe

Carolina del Príncipe is a town and municipality in the Colombian department of Antioquia, located 105 km north of Medellín, with an altitude of 1,807 m above sea level. Carolina del Príncipe is part of the subregion of Northern Antioquia.

Carolina is a small town of well laid-out cobblestone streets, containing many houses with antique handmade wooden balconies. The municipal total area covers some 118 km2, with a mountainous territory corresponding to the central spine of the Andes and bounded by the Concepción or Minavieja, Guadalupe, San Pablo and Tenche rivers. It has a population of 666 inhabitants and its economy is based on animal husbandry (dairy and meat) and the cultivation of maize, sugar cane, rice, cocoa, and corn. The settlement began to form in 1785, being converted into a parish two years later. The name was chosen in honor of Carlos IV of Spain, then the prince in line to be heir of his father's throne. It was constituted as a municipality in 1814.

title: Carolina del Príncipe


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Dangerous

Dangerous may refer to:

Film and television

 * Dangerous (1935 film), an American film starring Bette Davis
 * Dangerous: The Short Films, a 1993 collection of music videos by Michael Jackson
 * Dangerous (2021 film), a Canadian-American action thriller
 * Dangerous (TV series), a 2007 Australian drama
 * Dangerous (web series), a 2020 Indian Hindi-language crime thriller

Music

 * Dangerous!, an Australian punk band
 * Dangerous World Tour, Michael Jackson's 1992–93 world concert tour
 * Dangerous Records, a British record label associated with Sawmills Studios

Albums

 * Dangerous (Andy Taylor album), 1990
 * Dangerous (The Bar Kays album) or the title song, 1984
 * Dangerous (Michael Jackson album) or the title song (see below), 1991
 * Dangerous (Natalie Cole album) or the title song, 1985
 * Dangerous (SpeXial album) or the title song, 2015
 * Dangerous (Yandel album), 2015
 * Dangerous: The Double Album, by Morgan Wallen, or the title song, 2021
 * Dangerous, by DecembeRadio, or the title song, 2005
 * Dangerous, by KJ-52, or the title song, 2012

Songs

 * "Dangerous" (21 Savage, Lil Durk and Metro Boomin song), 2024
 * "Dangerous" (Big Data song), 2013
 * "Dangerous" (Busta Rhymes song), 1997
 * "Dangerous" (Cascada song), 2009
 * "Dangerous" (David Guetta song), 2014
 * "Dangerous" (The Doobie Brothers song), 1991
 * "Dangerous" (James Blunt song), 2011
 * "Dangerous" (Kardinal Offishall feat. Akon song), 2008
 * "Dangerous" (Loverboy song), 1985
 * "Dangerous" (M. Pokora song), 2008
 * "Dangerous" (Meek Mill song), 2018
 * "Dangerous" (Michael Jackson song), 1991
 * "Dangerous" (Penny Ford song), 1985
 * "Dangerous" (Roxette song), 1989
 * "Dangerous" (Rumer song), 2014
 * "Dangerous" (S-X song), 2020
 * "Dangerous" (Seether song), 2020
 * "Dangerous" (Within Temptation song), 2013
 * "Dangerous" (Ying Yang Twins song), 2006
 * "Dangerous", by Before You Exit, 2014
 * "Dangerous", by Comethazine from Bawskee 3.5, 2019
 * "Dangerous", by Def Leppard from Def Leppard, 2015
 * "Dangerous", by Depeche Mode, B-side of "Personal Jesus", 1989
 * "Dangerous", by Ella Mai from Ella Mai, 2018
 * "Dangerous", by Groove Coverage from Riot on the Dancefloor, 2012
 * "Dangerous", by Group 1 Crew from Fearless, 2012
 * "Dangerous", by Jennifer Hudson from JHUD, 2014
 * "Dangerous", by Jessie J from R.O.S.E., 2018
 * "Dangerous", by Ladyhawke from Wild Things, 2016
 * "Dangerous", by My American Heart Hiding Inside the Horrible Weather, 2007
 * "Dangerous", by NEFFEX, 2018
 * "Dangerous", by Nick Jonas from Spaceman, 2021
 * "Dangerous", by Schoolboy Q from Crash Talk, 2019
 * "Dangerous", by Shinee from The Misconceptions of Us, 2013
 * "Dangerous", by Shaman's Harvest from Smokin' Hearts & Broken Guns, 2014
 * "Dangerous", by the Who, B-side of "It's Hard", 1982
 * "Dangerous", by the xx from I See You, 2017
 * "Dangerous" by Madison Beer, 2022

Other uses

 * Chris Dangerous (born 1978), Swedish musician
 * Dangerous (Bill Hicks album), a comedy album, 1990
 * Dangerous (book), a 2017 autobiography by Milo Yiannopoulos
 * Dangerous (horse) (foaled 1830), a British Thoroughbred racehorse
 * Dangerous Reef, in Spencer Gulf, South Australia

title: Dangerous


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Caucasia, Antioquia

Caucasia is a municipality located in the subregion of Bajo Cauca Antioquia department, in Colombia. Bounded on the south by the department of Córdoba, in the east by the municipalities of Antioquia in Nechí and El Bagre, on the north by the municipality of Zaragoza, and west to the town of Cáceres, and is located 270 km from Medellín.

In sports they have the "Bajo Cauca F.C." that is playing in the Colombian Football Federation's Second Division.

General

 * Date Established: April 12, 1886
 * Founding Date: 1945
 * Founder: Clemente Viloria Arrieta
 * Nickname: Capital of Bajo Cauca, Pantry Antioquia Livestock and Mining.

Geography
The municipality of Caucasia is located at the northern department of Antioquia, on the border with the department of Córdoba and the subregion of Bajo Cauca Antioquia. It lies at an altitude of 150 m (490 ft) above sea level. Its territory is a flat area with small ridges in the north and west and south. It is one of the largest municipalities in the area due to its advantageous location, near the confluence of major tributaries, such as the river Cauca and the Nechí y Paramillo National Park.

The rural area is part of the Andean area where there are heights of 50 to 500 m, in a place that is a confluence of the Paisa Region and savannah regions of Colombia, giving rise to the Chilapa culture.

The highest altitude that represents the county is the mountain of Olvido (502 m) in Puerto Colombia.

Climate
The municipality has two classes: warm tropical climates and warm mountainous wet climates, due to its location in the foothills of the Andes.

Caucasia's temperature is determined by thermal winds and rainfall, 27.4 °C, where is the urban area, which has a temperature ranging between 25 and 32 °C or 89.6F and 77F. The highest temperatures ranging between 30 and 32 °C, absolute maximum 35 °C. And the lower range around 23 °C, with absolute minimum of 21 °C. The beginning and end of the year are dry seasons, but beyond that the weather is changeable, wet at certain times from August to November. Average annual rainfall is moderate: 2,500 mm, and is not equal throughout the municipality. It rains farther south than the north.

Festivals

 * Festivities: Immaculate Conception on 8 December.
 * Festivities del Bocachico, in times of subienda, January and February.
 * Agricultural and Livestock Fair, bovine and equine, in December.
 * Craft fair in the months of March and April.
 * Virgen del Carmen, on 16 July.
 * Festivities del Rio in January.
 * Municipal anniversary in April.
 * Return of the parties in December.

Gastronomy

 * Paisa cuisine
 * Char-grilled meats and meat in the Zooparque Cayman alligators.
 * Also involved are famous maize corn, stew, arepas, white rice with fish (bocachico).
 * International cuisine due to the strong tourism.

Sites of Interest

 * Laguna Colombia.
 * Margent swamps.
 * Parque de la Madre.
 * Garden HidroBotánico Jorge Ignacio Hernandez C.
 * U of A University of Antioquia.
 * The bridge Carlos Lleras Restrepo. It is the third bridge of Colombia in length (1064 m).
 * Mirador Cerro-Needles.
 * Parish Immaculate colonial architecture.
 * Cathedral of The Holy Family. It has a fish-shaped shrine that represents the miraculous catch.
 * Premontane forests.
 * Principal Park.
 * Balneario Piedras.
 * Vegas Del Rio Cauca.
 * Airport Juan H White.
 * House of Culture Reinaldo Gonzalez Guevara.

title: Caucasia, Antioquia


text:
Chigorodó

Chigorodó is a town and municipality in Antioquia Department, Colombia. It is part of the Urabá Antioquia sub-region.

Residents

 * Jaime Castañeda, cyclist

Climate
Chigorodó has a tropical rainforest climate (Af) with heavy to very heavy rainfall year-round.

title: Chigorodó


text:
Cisneros (disambiguation)

Cisneros may refer to:

 * Cisneros (surname), people with the surname Cisneros
 * Cisneros, Palencia, a municipality in Castile and León province, Spain
 * Cisneros Group, a conglomerate of companies belonging to Venezuelan entrepreneur Gustavo Cisneros
 * Cisneros, Antioquia, a town in Colombia
 * Cisneros, Valle del Cauca, a village in Buenaventura municipality, Valle del Cauca Department in Colombia
 * Cisneros v. CCISD, a court case in Texas

title: Cisneros (disambiguation)


text:
Cocorná

Cocorná is a town and municipality in the Colombian department of Antioquia. The population was 14,743 at the 2018 census. It is part of the subregion of Eastern Antioquia.

Geography
Cocorná has an extension of 210 km², with a mountainous territory, great extensions of forest, and many important rivers.

Climate
Cocorná has a relatively cool tropical rainforest climate (Af) due to altitude. It has very heavy rainfall year round.

Economy

 * Tourism
 * Agriculture, specially of sugar and maize.

Roads
Is 90 km away from Medellín, 1 hour and a half in car, by an excellent road. It also has roads to the Corregimiento La Piñuela, and the municipalities of San Francisco and Granada.

Tourism
Cocorná has been since the 1980s a touristic place for many people, and since 2006, the government, believing in all the potential Cocorná has for it, has been sponsoring economical investments in the area.

New hotels, and many projects that involve new jobs, are the result of that.

Sites of interest

 * Rivers where people can practice fishing, or simply enjoy the natural pools formatted by the river
 * Water Falls there are many and very near to the municipality
 * Forest very well conserved
 * Landscape

title: Cocorná