text:
Abe Silverstein

Abraham "Abe" Silverstein (September 15, 1908 – June 1, 2001) was an American engineer who played an important part in the United States space program. He was a longtime manager at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and its predecessor, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA). He was instrumental in the planning of the Apollo, Ranger, Mariner, Surveyor, and Voyager missions, and named the Apollo program after the Greek and Roman God.

Biography
Born into a Jewish family in Terre Haute, Indiana to Joseph and Eva Silverstein, Silverstein earned a B.S. in mechanical engineering (1929) and a Master of Engineering (1934) from the Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology in his hometown.

NASA career
He was hired by NASA's predecessor, NACA, in 1929 at the Langley Aeronautical Laboratory as an aerodynamicist to work on the design of the Altitude Wind Tunnel to be built in Cleveland, Ohio at the Lewis Laboratory (later, the Lewis Research Center, and now known as Glenn Research Center). While at Langley, he directed important aerodynamic research which led to increased high-speed performance of most of the combat aircraft of World War II. In 1944, he joined the High-Speed panel and advocated the supersonic wind tunnel, completed in 1949. Following World War II, Silverstein was responsible for the conception, design, and construction of America's first supersonic propulsion wind tunnels. The investigations in these facilities greatly contributed to the development of supersonic aircraft. He also directed research in propulsion aerodynamics in the Altitude Wind Tunnel that led to significant improvements in both reciprocating and early turbojet aircraft engines. He also pioneered research on large-scale ramjet engines.

Silverstein was placed in charge of all research at the Lewis Research Center in 1949. In 1952, he was appointed its Associate Director. He received an honorary doctorate in 1958 from Case Institute of Technology (now part of Case Western Reserve University) in Cleveland. At NASA headquarters, he helped create and direct the efforts leading to the space flights of Project Mercury and to establish the technical basis for the Apollo program; in particular, he chaired a government commission, the Saturn Vehicle Evaluation Committee (better known as the Silverstein Committee). As Lewis's director, he oversaw a major expansion of the center and the development of the Centaur launch vehicle.

Human rights activism
Silverstein was one of the founders of the Cleveland Council on Soviet Anti-Semitism.

Retirement
Silverstein retired from NASA in 1970 in order to take a position with Republic Steel Corporation. In 1984, NASA named Silverstein an "Elder Statesman of Aviation." On August 14, 1997, he was recipient of the prestigious Guggenheim Medal for "significant contributions to the advancement of flight."

Silverstein died on June 1, 2001, in his home in Fairview Park, Ohio. Silverstein is survived by two sons: Joe, of Thousand Oaks, California, and David, of Maumee, Ohio; a daughter, Judy Cook of Columbia, Maryland; and five grandchildren. His wife of 48 years, Marion Croster Silverstein, died in 1998. NASA credits Silverstein with giving both the Mercury and Apollo programs their names.

In 2015, Silverstein was enshrined into the National Aviation Hall of Fame as one of the "Class of 2015" along with aviation pioneers Robert Cardenas, Robert N. Hartzell, and Gene Kranz.

title: Abe Silverstein


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ben Henderson

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete Radiant_ >|< 22:54, August 27, 2005 (UTC)

Ben Henderson
Non-notable music producer, probably vanity. --KFP 18:13, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete or redirect to his former band if that can pass the notability test. This reads like a CV and hence should qualify as vanity. Dottore So 05:48, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete for vanity's sake. See also Moth band for a subsection of Ben Henderson split off into a separate article. -Ashley Pomeroy 14:38, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete -- quite a rambling, trifling piece.  Paul Klenk 22:30, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

 * relisting for more discussion. --Tony Sidaway Talk 22:03, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

People seem to be following WP:VFD: "You don't have to vote on every nomination; consider not participating if consensus you agree with has already been formed." Pilatus 22:20, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete making you happy ? Groeck 22:31, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, article appears to establish notability. Kappa 22:43, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Ed Whalen (broadcaster)

Ed Whalen (July 8, 1927 – December 4, 2001) was a Canadian television personality and journalist best known worldwide for hosting the popular professional wrestling TV series Stampede Wrestling. Whalen was also a popular sportcaster in Calgary, Alberta whose nickname "Wailin' Ed" was indicative of his famous nasal announcing voice.

Biography
Born in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Ed Whalen was studying medicine at the University of Saskatchewan in 1948 when he dropped out to take a part-time job in radio broadcasting at CFQC radio. In 1955, he moved to Calgary and became the News and Sports Director for the new Calgary TV station CHCT (later popularly known as 2&7, and then Calgary 7, and later still as part of the Global Television Network).

Wrestling
Stu Hart was introduced to Ed Whalen while he promoted shows in Saskatchewan. In 1949, Ed was tapped to be the ring announcer on the shows there. Ed recalls one of his stints when he was just 21 and started in radio with his sign off of, "I'm 48 degrees and outside it's Ed Whalen." When Ed had the chance to apply for TV from radio in Saskatchewan, he jumped at the chance. The friendship with Stu was not forgotten as Stu, looking to air his program, contacted Ed Whalen. Whalen went to bat for Stu and the first program aired in 1957. Henry Viney was the first host of the show known as Wildcat Wrestling. In 1962, Ed took over as the host of the show and it was renamed to its run as Stampede Wrestling. It was bestowed the official Stampede name in 1975. Ed would be the host of the show from 1962 to 1983. It was there he would quit on air citing its violent and bloody matches and lack of family entertainment. Ed would rejoin Stampede Wrestling when it resumed in 1985 to 1989). The show popularized several Whalen catchphrases including "It's going to be a ring-a-ding-dong dandy!" and his trademark sign-off, "In the meantime and in-between time." According to Ross Hart, Whalen, along with Helen Hart, were the only classy elements to the wrestling business, stating that Whalen and she added dignity to Stampede Wrestling.

Hockey
After his time with Stampede Wrestling, Whalen became beloved by Calgarians as the television voice of the Calgary Flames on 2&7/Calgary 7 from 1980 (right after the city won the NHL franchise) until his retirement in 1999, and was famous for his introduction, "Hello hockey fans!"

During Flames telecasts, Whalen was memorable in showing high & intense enthusiasm with phrases such as, "put it out in front"!! or "oh they jam away"!! When Flames captain Lanny McDonald scored his 500th goal in 1989 (his final season & just prior to the team's Stanley Cup winning playoff run) on a wrap-around effort, Whalen made the call, "Otto battling for possession, gets it behind the net to McDonald, he scores!! He did it!! 500!!"

Whalen also wrote a weekly column in the Calgary Sun newspaper for many years, and even after his retirement he continued to make occasional appearances on TV and still wrote his column. He also was a regular local host of the Children's Miracle Network telethon.

Death
Whalen died of a heart attack while on vacation in Venice, Florida in 2001. The broadcasting booth in Calgary's Scotiabank Saddledome (home of the Calgary Flames) was renamed the Ed Whalen Broadcast Booth in his honour. A year after his death, his wife released a CD of musical recordings Whalen made, with the proceeds going to charity.

Championships and accomplishments

 * Canadian Wrestling Hall of Fame
 * Class of 2016
 * Stampede Wrestling
 * Stampede Wrestling Hall of Fame (Class of 1995)
 * Wrestling Observer Newsletter
 * Worst Television Announcer (1989)

title: Ed Whalen (broadcaster)


text:
Cape Fear Indians

The Cape Fear Indians were a small, coastal tribe of Native Americans who lived on the Cape Fear River in North Carolina (now Carolina Beach State Park).

Name and language
The autonym of the Cape Fear Indians may have been Daw-hee. Their name for the area was Chicora. Of their villages, only one, Necoes, is known by name. The colonists noted Necoes as about 20 miles from the mouth of the Cape Fear River, in present-day Brunswick County. Their language is unknown and may have been a Siouan language.

History
Smallpox spread from Spanish colonies in Florida to the Carolinas in the 16th century. The population of the Cape Fear Indians was estimated to be 1,000 in 1600. A colonial census in 1715 recorded that they numbered 206.

British colonist William Hilton observed 100 Indians at Cape Fear in 1662. One Indian individual sold to Hilton Cape Fear River and adjacent lands. In 1664 the settlement called Charles Towne was founded, but it was abandoned in 1667 after war broke out between the Cape Fear Indians and the settlers over British slavery of Indians. The second Charles Towne was founded near Cape Fear lands in 1670.;

Some Cape Fear Indians fought with their Catawba allies under Colonel John Barnwell against the Tuscarora in 1712. When the Tuscarora War broke out in North Carolina in 1711, South Carolina tribes joined in the fighting. In 1712, Cape Fear warriors and the Saraw, Saxapahaw, Winyaw, and Pedee served in British Captain John Bull's company to fight alongside the British against the Tuscarora and helped defeat them. As a result, most of the Tuscarora left the area and migrated north, reaching present-day New York and Ontario to join the related Haudenosaunee Confederacy of Iroquois tribes.

The Cape Fear Indians and the Winyaw migrated from their coastal villages up the Pee Dee River adjacent to a trading post the British founded in 1716. They eventually settled inland from Charleston in what is now known as Williamsburg County, South Carolina. In May 1749 provision was made by the Governor in Council to render protection to them through supplying their representatives with fifty pounds of bullets and twenty-five pounds of powder. There had previously been complaints that the Cape Fear were being abused and driven from nearby hunting lands by neighboring Europeans. It was ruled that they were a peaceable people and that their rights to hunt were protected by the government. Anthropologist John R. Swanton wrote, "In 1808 White neighbors remembered when as many as 30 Pedee and Cape Fear Indians lived in their old territories," but by this time "the Pedee and Cape Fear tribes were represented by one half-blood woman."

title: Cape Fear Indians


text:
User:Witan

Monday, July, 2024

My Creations
approximately reverse chronological order
 * TM 170
 * Sans Souci Island
 * Anglo-Saxon dress
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 * 1300-1400 in fashion
 * Medieval ships
 * Morion (helmet)
 * Neal Smith National Wildlife Refuge

Frequently used links

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My Random Stuff

 * My Favorite Pages

My Sandbox Feel free to play around.

My Photos
These are pics that I like, not necessarily ones taken by me (although a few are)

My Userboxes
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title: User:Witan


text:
Talk:Guisborough

Etymology section removed
I didn't feel the following passage, which was recently added by User:Keeno was appropriate or constructive, so I stuck it in here in case others disagree: "The borough part of the town's name has cognates in many languages e.g. German burg, Greek pyrgos; it originates from the Chaldean perach. For a fuller explanation, see borough." Three 18:15, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

I went to the article to see why some spellings are Gisborough (Abbey, School and Hall) and others Guisborough. Though I agree that the derivation of "borough" is a bit unnecessary, an explanation of the name and the different names would be interesting. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 85.189.24.50 (talk) 19:12, 27 December 2009 (UTC)

Etymology
This toponym should have its etymology described in the article. Badagnani (talk) 04:27, 17 December 2007 (UTC)

For the village in Northamptonshire, see Guilsborough.
Why does the article need a line saying "For the village in Northamptonshire, see Guilsborough"? It's not a true disambiguation: they just do not have the same name. Why confuse things and seem to give undue prominence to the wrong place? 92.234.10.126 (talk) 18:07, 6 May 2008 (UTC)

Askham Bryan College of Agriculture
Around the end of the education section it seems to become a bit unsure of itself on PPC and Askham Bryan - merger, sites, etc. Does anyone know what the current situation is and whether the article is accurate? DisillusionedBitterAndKnackered (talk) 09:07, 13 July 2008 (UTC)

Twinning with the fictitious French town/village/city of 'Les Ormes'
I can't find any evidence for this at all. It is quoted on a few sites which have obviously taken the information from this Wikipedia page. Redcar and Cleveland is twinned with Troisdorf in Germany. Guisborough's Prior Pursglove College is certainly involved in German exchanges. To have anothe programme just for Guisborough is quite unlikely.

I say we remove "Guisborough is twinned with Les Ormes, France". What say you?

 * I agree. In fact Les Ormes is not actually fictitious per se - see Ormes and in particular Les Ormes, Vienne and Les Ormes, Yonne. I also wouldn't dismiss out of hand the possibility of multiple twinnings even for a place of this size. You should see the list for where I live! :) However, the IP who seems to have added it 2+ years ago didn't give us anything else to go on and doesn't have a long history of involvement with the article. Furthermore, looking from the other end, on fr.wikipedia and Google, for evidence of a French twinning link back to Guisborough hasn't turned up anything and I really would have thought it should if the twinning were real. The statement needs removed - and indeed I have done so: if then good evidence can be found that it's real, then that's great, but the burden of proof lies with someone who'd like to add it, not with those who are sceptical about it. Best wishes DBaK (talk) 11:23, 23 January 2011 (UTC)

Pronunciation
The article could do with some indication of how Guisborough is pronounced. I see from the history that an apparently incorrect sound file was recently removed. Can someone advise how it should be pronounced? Jellyman (talk) 15:39, 20 January 2016 (UTC)
 * I've had another bash. The one the IP removed was indeed wrong, with "ui" in the first syllable made into an elongated e like in "freeze"; it should be short like in pip or wick.. The new one is much more correct, though equally I'm sure there's plenty there to get people annoyed!:) Hope this helps. Best wishes DBaK (talk) 16:28, 20 January 2016 (UTC)
 * Great, thank you! That's how I thought it was pronounced, but – not being local – I wasn't exactly sure. Speedy work, cheers. Jellyman (talk) 16:58, 20 January 2016 (UTC)
 * You're very welcome. I no longer live there but am ex-local so I hope I'm somewhere near. Cheers DBaK (talk) 17:12, 20 January 2016 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 16:50, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080224220800/http://www.askham-bryan.ac.uk/about_the_college/centres/guisborough_centre to http://www.askham-bryan.ac.uk/about_the_college/centres/guisborough_centre

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External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120321162609/http://www.stnicholasguisborough.org.uk/about-us/about-church/virtual-visit// to http://www.stnicholasguisborough.org.uk/about-us/about-church/virtual-visit//
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120421035719/http://www.oliversmount.com/?f=riders&riderid=36&search=S to http://www.oliversmount.com/?f=riders&riderid=36&search=S
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Population statistics
Your population figures in first paragraph and box to right either do not match, or one requires more definition. --Oldontarian (talk) 10:28, 15 March 2018 (UTC)
 * Thanks for pointing out a problem. I have no idea where the 18,108 figure comes from so have changed it to match the infobox figure for the Civil Parish. I have also updated the references as the previous ones are dead links. Keith D (talk) 12:51, 15 March 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Guisborough


text:
Kenneth McKellar (singer)

Kenneth McKellar (23 June 1927 – 9 April 2010) was a Scottish tenor.

Career
McKellar studied forestry at the University of Aberdeen, after graduation working for the Scottish Forestry Commission. He later trained at the Royal College of Music as an opera singer. He did not enjoy his time with the Carl Rosa Opera Company and left them to pursue a career singing traditional Scottish songs and other works.

From 1959 to 1977 he frequently toured the United States and Canada with other Scottish entertainers such as Helen McArthur, often appearing in small local venues.

From 1957 he starred each year in innovative pantomimes by Howard & Wyndham Ltd notably at their Alhambra Theatre Glasgow. In 1958–59 he played Jacob Bray in a successful revival of 'Old Chelsea' by Richard Tauber, along with Vanessa Lee and Peter Graves, which opened in Glasgow and then toured. For a decade from 1960 he starred as Jamie in the new pantomimes devised around him, starting with A Wish For Jamie, followed by A Love For Jamie, which ran at the Alhambra in each of five years, accompanied by Rikki Fulton, and moved after to Edinburgh, Aberdeen and Newcastle. He described these years as the most fulfilling of his stage life outside his international recording career.

McKellar toured New Zealand in 1964. On many occasions in the 1960s and 1970s he appeared on the BBC Television Hogmanay celebration programme, alongside Jimmy Shand, Andy Stewart and Moira Anderson. He also made numerous appearances on the popular White Heather Club television series (1959–1968), hosted by Andy Stewart. His last Hogmanay Show appearance was on STV in 1991.

In 1965, the BBC selected McKellar to represent the UK in the Eurovision Song Contest in Luxembourg. He sang five titles from which viewers selected "A Man Without Love" as the 1966 entry. According to author and historian John Kennedy O'Connor's The Eurovision Song Contest – The Official History, the Scottish tenor – who had changed into a kilt at the last moment – drew gasps from the audience when he appeared on stage. The song was placed ninth of the eighteen entries, making it the least successful UK placing in the contest until 1978. McKellar received scores from only two countries. The Irish jury gave the UK song top marks, one of only two occasions the Irish have done so in Eurovision history.

"A Man Without Love" peaked at #30 in the UK Singles Chart in March 1966. His albums The World of Kenneth McKellar (1969), and Eco Di Napoli (1970), had a total of ten weeks presence in the UK Albums Chart. He recorded an album in Afrikaans, entitled Kuier By Ons, which was released just before his tour of South Africa in October 1970.

On 31 December 1973, the first Scottish commercial radio station Radio Clyde began broadcasting to Glasgow. The first record they played was "Song of the Clyde" sung by Kenneth McKellar. The same recording featured over the opening titles of the 1963 film Billy Liar.

McKellar lived in Lenzie, Glasgow in the house called "Machrie Mhor".

Outside music, McKellar wrote a sketch, involving a blindfolded man trying to identify the name of the celebrity beating him up, which was performed by the Monty Python team at The Secret Policeman's Ball. This was the only time that a sketch written by a non-member was performed by them.

McKellar made the majority of his recordings on the Decca Records label. He also recorded several classical works, including Handel's Messiah alongside Joan Sutherland in a performance conducted by Sir Adrian Boult. After he left Decca in the 1970s he then recorded from 1983 to 1996 for Lismor records, recording several albums for them, including Songs of the Jacobite Risings, before retiring in the late 1990s.

McKellar also recorded the musical Kismet with Robert Merrill. He was also notable for his recordings of Gaelic songs in translation such as the Songs of the Hebrides arrangements by Marjory Kennedy-Fraser.

In 1992 McKellar was offered an OBE, but declined it. During his lifetime he chose not to make public the news of the offer, or his reasons for refusing it.

Death
McKellar died of pancreatic cancer, at the age of 82, at his daughter's home near Lake Tahoe in the United States, on 9 April 2010. His funeral was in Paisley.

Selected discography

 * Kenneth McKellar 1958 Decca LK 4203
 * Roamin' In The Gloamin' 1959 Decca LK 4295
 * Scottish Saturday Night 1962 Decca SKL 4502
 * Songs of Ireland 1964 TW 91321

title: Kenneth McKellar (singer)


text:
The World of Music Instructor

The World of Music Instructor is German group Music Instructor's first album, released in 1996. Unlike their second album Electric City of Music Instructor, most tracks on this album are in techno/happy hardcore style. Music Instructor worked on this album together with the musician and singer Holly Trance. The album features four singles - Hymn, Hands In The Air, Dream A Little Dream and Dance. The first single Hymn is a cover of the Ultravox song of the same title. Most of the songs are written and produced by Mike Michaels, MM Dollar and Mark Tabak.

Track listing

 * 1) "Intro" [0:39]
 * 2) "Hymn (Go Down Mix)" [5:20]
 * 3) "Hands In The Air (Original Mix)" [5:17]
 * 4) "Dream A Little Dream" [3:50]
 * 5) "Everybody" [3:40]
 * 6) "Na.. Na.. Na.." [3:30]
 * 7) "Dance" [3:30]
 * 8) "Celebration" [4:06]
 * 9) "If You Feel Alone" [4:08]
 * 10) "Stay By Me" [4:15]
 * 11) "Dream A Little Dream (Special Pitch-Version)" [3:40]
 * 12) "Hands In The Air (Circle Nordlead Mix)" [5:11]
 * 13) "Dance (Bonus Track)" [3:34]
 * 14) "If You Feel Alone (Bonus Track)" [4:10]

title: The World of Music Instructor


text:
List of South Africa ODI cricketers

This is a list of South African One-day International cricketers. The list is arranged in the order in which each player won his first ODI cap. Where more than one player won his first ODI cap in the same match, those players are listed alphabetically by surname.

Players
Statistics correct up to 21 December 2023

Notes:
 * 1 Kepler Wessels also played ODI cricket for Australia. Only his records for South Africa are given above.
 * 2 Nicky Boje, Mark Boucher, AB de Villiers, Boeta Dippenaar, Justin Kemp, Justin Ontong, Ashwell Prince, Dale Steyn, Jacques Rudolph, Monde Zondeki, Graeme Smith, Loots Bosman, Albie Morkel, Morne Morkel and Johan Botha also played ODI cricket for the African XI. Only their records for South Africa are given above.
 * 3 Makhaya Ntini also played ODI cricket for the World XI. Only his records for South Africa are given above.
 * 4 Jacques Kallis and Shaun Pollock also played ODI cricket for the African XI and the World XI. Only their records for South Africa are given above.
 * 5 Roelof van der Merwe also played ODI cricket for Netherlands. Only his records for South Africa are given above.
 * 6 David Wiese also played ODI cricket for Namibia. Only his records for South Africa are given above.

title: List of South Africa ODI cricketers


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Haffkine

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Keep/Merge. Radiant_ >|< 22:53, August 27, 2005 (UTC)

Haffkine
duplicates and does a worse job than Waldemar Haffkine -- Mareklug 18:29, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge salvageable content (if any) and redirect to Waldemar Haffkine. Thatdog 18:38, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect Amren 18:41, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect. Amen.   Paul Klenk 22:22, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

 * relisting for more discussion. --Tony Sidaway Talk 22:02, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

People seem to be following WP:VFD: "You don't have to vote on every nomination; consider not participating if consensus you agree with has already been formed." Pilatus 22:20, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Tony seems to be making a WP:POINT here by unilaterally attempting to insert a quorum policy. Radiant_ >|< 22:53, August 27, 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Acidocroton

Acidocroton is a genus of plants under the family Euphorbiaceae first described with this name in 1859. It is native to Colombia and the Greater Antilles.

Etymologically, the name Acidocroton means "sour croton".

• # Acidocroton acunae - Cuba
 * Species

• # Acidocroton adelioides - Cuba

• # Acidocroton ekmanii - E Cuba

• # Acidocroton gentryi - Cundinamarca

• # Acidocroton horridus - Haiti

• # Acidocroton litoralis - Haiti

• # Acidocroton lobulatus - SE Cuba

• # Acidocroton montanus - Hispaniola

• # Acidocroton oligostemon - C + E Cuba

• # Acidocroton trichophyllus - Cuba

• # Acidocroton verrucosus - Jamaica

moved to Ophellantha
 * formerly included
 * 1) Acidocroton spinosus - Ophellantha spinosa
 * 2) Acidocroton steyermarkii - Ophellantha steyermarkii

title: Acidocroton


text:
Celebrity–industrial complex

The celebrity-industrial complex is a social and economic construct which involves a symbiotic relationship between celebrities and business corporations. First proposed by Vanity Fair columnist Maureen Orth in her book, The Importance of Being Famous (2003), it is fueled both by the celebrities' seemingly continual search for fame and attention and the business corporations' search for catchy headlines as well as viable name brands that could be sustained by such celebrities.

In the celebrity-industrial complex, the celebrity either has a particular feature that is attractive to a public audience or is a victim of an occurrence that wins sympathy or condemnation from that same audience; this celebrity, for an initial period of time, becomes a subject of media scrutiny or marketing by properly funded media publication distributors. This media scrutiny, however, can often become a source of income for the celebrity, or the media scrutiny becomes an outlet of promotion for future manufactured publications or initiatives by the celebrities, and the media scrutiny around the celebrity expands to include coverage of such products.

The term "celebrity-industrial complex" is an homage to the much older term military–industrial complex, which refers to a similar bilateral relationship between national militaries and industrial corporations which profit from each other.

title: Celebrity–industrial complex


text:
Denare Beach

Denare Beach is a northern village on the east shore of Amisk Lake, Saskatchewan. Located on Highway 167, the community is 20 km south-west of Flin Flon and 422 km north-east of Prince Albert.

History
The area originally settled around Amisk Lake was called "Beaver Lake". Amisk is Cree for Beaver and thus the origin of the name. In 1937, the subdivision of the present community of Denare Beach took place. The community quickly became a resort area following the construction of a roadway to the mining centre of Flin Flon. When Saskatchewan Parks became responsible for the area they changed the name from Amisk or Beaver to Denare Beach. Taking the first two letters from Department of Natural Resources they arrived at the name of Denare Beach. The community has managed to retain its resort atmosphere.

Demographics
In the 2011 Census, Denare Beach had a population of 820 living in 310 of its 449 total private dwellings.

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Denare Beach had a population of $699$ living in $294$ of its $411$ total private dwellings, a change of NaN% from its 2016 population of $709$. With a land area of 6.4 km2, it had a population density of in 2021.

Economy
The Konuto Lake mine operated by Hudson Bay Mining & Smelting Company Limited was located less than 2 km south-east of Denare Beach.

Medical service
Due to the small population of Denare Beach, the Government of Saskatchewan permits its residents in Creighton, Denare Beach, Sandy Bay, and Pelican Narrows to utilize the basic and emergency medical services of Flin Flon. The nearest Saskatchewan medical centre is in Prince Albert, 400 km south-west of Creighton. One of the most frequently accessed services is the Flin Flon General Hospital, and Flin Flon Ambulance Service.

title: Denare Beach


text:
Walton High School

Walton High School refers to:

United Kingdom

 * Walton High School, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire
 * Walton High School, Nelson, Lancashire
 * Walton High School, Stafford

United States

 * Walton High School (DeFuniak Springs, Florida)
 * George Walton Comprehensive High School in Cobb County, Georgia
 * Walton High School, Walton, Kansas, closed, merged with Newton High School (Kansas).
 * Walton High School (Bronx), New York

title: Walton High School


text:
Trevor Munroe

Trevor Munroe (born 10 December 1944) is an international governance consultant and founding director of National Integrity Action, Jamaica’s chapter of Transparency International. He has served as senator in the Jamaican Parliament and leader of the Jamaica labor movement. He is a political scientist and civil society advocate and one of Jamaica’s most sought after presenters and keynote speakers by private sector organisations, civil society bodies and public sector entities in Jamaica and the Caribbean

Early life
Born in Kingston, Jamaica, Munroe’s early educational foundation was laid at Morris-Knibb Preparatory School and at St. George's College (Class of 1959) where he represented the school and excelled in academics, drama, debating and track athletics. His doctoral dissertation produced a study of the process of decolonization in Jamaica between the 1930s and 1960s, published as The Politics of Constitutional Decolonization in 1972.

Academic and administrative career
He has authored and/or co-authored 10 books and has published scholarly works on Caribbean democratic governance, taught thousands of students, founded the UWI Centre for Leadership and Governance.

Civil society advocate
In the 1970s and 1980s, Munroe was a prominent figure on the Jamaica and Caribbean left.

Public service
In Jamaica’s 2015 National Honours, Munroe was awarded the Order of Distinction, Commander Class (CD).

Personal life
He is the elder son of Jamaica’s former director of public prosecutions, the late Huntley Munroe Q.C. and his wife Muriel, a florist. Munroe is married to life insurance executive Ingrid, who was the founding president and CEO of Excel Insurance Brokers and is herself a graduate of the Brooklyn College and the University of the West Indies. He has two children, son Tarik and step-daughter Kinshasa Minot, both of whom are alumni of the University of the West Indies and Nova Southeastern University. His son Tarik is a business change manager, and Kinshasa now the CEO of Excel Insurance Brokers. Each holds master's degrees in human resource development. Munroe is also the grandfather of Cairo and Alexandria, both currently undergraduate students at San Diego University and the South Carolina Institute of Architecture & Design respectively.

title: Trevor Munroe


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DBZ (meteorology)

Decibel relative to Z, or dBZ, is a logarithmic dimensionless technical unit used in radar, mostly in weather radar, to compare the equivalent reflectivity factor (Z) of a remote object (in mm6 per m3) to the return of a droplet of rain with a diameter of 1 mm (1 mm6 per m3). It is proportional to the number of drops per unit volume and the sixth power of drops' diameter and is thus used to estimate the rain or snow intensity. With other variables analyzed from the radar returns it helps to determine the type of precipitation. Both the radar reflectivity factor and its logarithmic version are commonly referred to as reflectivity when the context is clear. In short, the higher the dBZ value, the more likely it is for severe weather to occur in the form of precipitation.

Values above 20 dBZ usually indicate falling precipitation.

Principle
The radar reflectivity factor (Z) of precipitation is dependent on the number (N0) and size (D) of reflectors (hydrometeors), which includes rain, snow, graupel, and hail. Very sensitive radars can also measure the reflectivity of cloud drops and ice. For an exponential distribution of reflectors, Z is expressed by:
 * $$Z = \int_{0}^{Dmax} N_0 e^{-\Lambda D} D^6\mathrm{d}D $$

As rain droplets have a diameter on the order of 1 millimetre, Z is in mm6m−3 (μm3). By dividing Z with the equivalent return of a 1 mm drop in a volume of a meter cube (Z0) and using the logarithm of the result (because the values vary greatly from drizzle to hail), one obtains the logarithmic reflectivity LZ, in dBZ:
 * $$L_Z = 10 \log_{10} \frac {Z}{Z_0}$$

dBZ values can be converted to rainfall rates (R) in millimetres per hour using the Marshall-Palmer formula:
 * $$\mathrm{R} = \left ( \frac{10^{(dBZ/10)}}{200} \right )^{5 \over 8}$$

Other quantities
The definition of Z above shows that a large number of small hydrometeors will reflect as one large hydrometeor. The signal returned to the radar will be equivalent in both situations, so a group of small hydrometeors is virtually indistinguishable from one large hydrometeor on the resulting radar image. The reflectivity image is just one type of image produced by a radar. Using it alone, a meteorologist could not tell with certainty the type of precipitation and distinguish any artifacts affecting the radar return.

In combination with other information gathered by the radar during the same scan (dual polarization products and phase shifting due to the Doppler effect), meteorologists can distinguish between hail, rain, snow, biologicals (birds, insects), and other atmospheric phenomena.

title: DBZ (meteorology)


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Does not compute

"Does not compute", and variations of it, are phrases often uttered by computers, robots, and other artificial intelligences in popular culture. The phrase indicates a type of cognitive dissonance on the part of the machine in question. The expression of the phrase "does not compute" by robots or computers attempting to process emotions, contradictions or paradoxes is frequently satirized in popular culture, often leading to the machine's inaction, malfunction or self-destruction. The phrase was used as a catchphrase by the television show My Living Doll in 1964. It was further popularized in Lost in Space (1965) as a catchphrase often uttered by The Robot character.

The problem of how to hold the result of a computation that is not a number is genuine (for example, 1/0) and represented a problem for early computers that would experience divide-by-zero errors or other mathematical paradoxes that software had not yet been written to deal with, leading to a computer crash. The NaN and related data types were invented to solve this problem.

History and usage
The phrase was often present in stories which carried a theme of the superiority of human emotion over limitations within the logic utilized by machines. Despite the superior ability of computers to calculate and process information, their lack of emotion and randomness made them unable to resolve cognitive dissonance, which often led to the output of "Does not compute". It was usually the computer's response to information which it had received but could not reconcile with other information it already held to be true. It could also be seen as a depiction of the limited (and thus flawed) nature of a machine's programming; due to its pre-programmed nature, it would be unable to adapt itself to circumstances beyond the scope of its programming, as opposed to humans who could adapt to such unforeseen events.

The phrase was used in the sitcom My Living Doll in which the android protagonist, Rhoda Miller, uttered the phrase regularly when confronted with contradictory information, usually in relation to human behavior. On a few occasions when she did understand the information, her response was "that does compute".

Perhaps the most famous use of the phrase is in the television series Lost in Space where the robot often says, "It does not compute!", to which Dr Smith would give a reply of "What do you mean it doesn't compute, you ninny?!" or something to that effect. However, the robot did not shut down or explode; it simply refused to continue working until a more logical command was given.

In some cases, presenting a computer or robot with such a contradiction would cause it to violently self-destruct. This occurs in several episodes of the original series of Star Trek (e.g. "I, Mudd", "Requiem for Methuselah", "The Return of the Archons" and "The Changeling"), as well as in the finale to Logan's Run. In the episode of the 1968 television series The Prisoner entitled "The General", Patrick McGoohan causes a supercomputer to explode by feeding it the question "Why?".

Such depictions reflect common perceptions of real computers at the time, which usually lacked friendly user interfaces. Computers often responded to bad input with an error message on the same order of utility as "does not compute", although self-destruction was an unlikely result from bad inputs or insoluble problems fed into the computer. The concept of a "killer poke", however, refers to user input intended to induce hardware damage. (See also "Halt and Catch Fire".)

Although not using the phrase "does not compute", the short story "Liar!" (1941) by Isaac Asimov is a striking early example of cognitive dissonance leading to a robot's self-destruction: that whether it lies, tells the truth or says nothing, it will cause humans injury, so being unable to avoid breaking Asimov's First Law of Robotics: "A robot may not harm a human being, or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm." This example is a more sophisticated treatment of cognitive dissonance leading to self-destruction than most examples from later television science fiction. Asimov explored the theme of AI cognitive dissonance at length in his robot stories.

In the Doctor Who story "The Green Death", the Doctor attempts to put the computer BOSS, which claims to be infallible, out of action using the liar paradox. BOSS feigns suffering from confusion as he appears to try to resolve the paradox, but has in fact summoned security.

By the 1990s, with the rise of personal computers and the graphical user interface, the public conception of computers became more friendly and sophisticated, and the image of the computer intelligence unable to respond gracefully to unexpected inputs has gradually faded away from fiction, though the phrase did show up in Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace as comic relief in 1999. It re-appeared in the CGI series Star Wars: The Clone Wars in an episode on the planet Ryloth, when a number of Twi'Lek characters attacked a robotic general, much to the robots' fatal surprise.

In popular culture
The Star Trek franchise once again used a variation of the phrase in the 2009 film Star Trek, in which the character James T. Kirk used the phrase to goad Spock (a character known for his propensity for logic) to anger, in order to make the latter realize that he was emotionally compromised.

In the film Alien, Captain Dallas (of the Nostromo) uses 'Mother' – the ship's computer – to evaluate the ship's procedures for dealing with the alien, but receives unfruitful responses in greenish letters: "Unable To Compute" and "Available Data Insufficient". Finally, he types in "WHAT ARE MY CHANCES?" The answer returns: "Does Not Compute."

In a Futurama episode, Leela's attempt to thwart Robot Santa with a paradox was stopped by his "paradox-absorbing crumple zones". In addition, the robot character Bender referred to the phrase as an "old robot saying" in "A Taste of Freedom". In "A Fishful of Dollars", Fry asks for anchovies (extinct in the Futurama universe) which eventually makes a chef-robot repeat, "Does not compute," before exploding.

In the Red Dwarf episode, "The Last Day", the android Hudzen is told by Kryten that silicon heaven does not exist. Hudzen, a believer in the android afterlife, cannot reconcile the contradiction and shuts down. Kryten, also an android, is not harmed by this dissonance, as he believes he is simply lying.

The seventh track from Prince's album 1999 is titled "Something in the Water (Does Not Compute)".

A popular web series titled Does Not Compute was created by Michael Swaim.

The Simpsons writers often parody this phrase and its implications. In one episode, Homer said he wanted to make a robot repeat the words "It does not compute" until it exploded by giving it illogical commands. In the episode "Trilogy of Error", Lisa's school project, a grammar-fixing robot, explodes after hearing too much bad grammar from the mobsters led by Fat Tony. The robot repeats the phrase "Bad grammar overload!" as a parody of the original phrase. In "Treehouse of Horror XIX", there is the following dialogue:

 * Destructicus: That does not compute.
 * Marge: (sternly) Really?
 * Destructicus: Well, it computes a little.

In The IT crowd episode "The Dinner Party", the phrase is said by Jessica, one of Jen's friends, to Moss.

In an episode of The Sarah Jane Adventures, "Warriors of Kudlak: Part 2", the computer Mistress responds to the news of peace with "Peace does not compute", as it was only programmed for war situations.

In Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex, one computer developed the ability to pose paradoxes to other computers, causing one computer to go in a corner and sit, pondering "does not compute".

The phrase is also the title of a song sung by the robotic vocalist ALT in the arcade game Pop'n Music 20 Fantasia.

In Destiny 2, "Does not compute" is a scout rifle.

title: Does not compute


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Committee on Health, Labour, and Social Affairs

The Committee on Health, Labour, and Social Affairs is one of the ten permanent committees of the Pan-African Parliament. It takes the following actions:

 * Consider strategies and programmes for the improvement of the lives of African peoples.
 * Consider issues relating to regional and international cooperation in strategic planning and implementation of social development and health policies and programs.

Chairperson of the Committee is Hon Dr Khauhelo Deborah Raditapole from Lesotho.

Deputy Chairperson of the Committee Hon Dr Aribot Belly from Guinea.

Rapporteur of the Committee is Hon Ahmed Mohamed Hassan from Djibouti.

Other members of the Committee include: Hon Mbonda Elie from Cameroon among others.


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Maksutov (crater)

Maksutov is a crater on the far side of the Moon. It is located just to the south-southwest of the larger walled plain Oppenheimer. To the southwest lies the crater Nishina, and to the west-northwest is the merged crater pairing of Davisson and Leibnitz.

This crater has a reasonably well-defined outer rim that has not been significantly degraded through impact erosion. The more notable feature of this crater, however, is the flooded interior floor. This nearly level interior surface has the lower albedo that is characteristic of a basaltic-lava-covered floor. The inner wall of the rim varies in width, with the narrowest portion lying in the southeast, while wider sections lie along the remaining edges, particularly to the northeast and northwest. The depth of the crater here is defined as the distance between the highest point on the rim to the lowest area of the crater floor, not including the floor's impact craters.

Prior to formal naming in 1970 by the IAU, the crater was known as Crater 439.

Satellite craters
By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Maksutov.

title: Maksutov (crater)


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User talk:Hopebot

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks.

title: User talk:Hopebot


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Talk:Russell Impagliazzo

Notability (academics)
Someone has challenged the notability of Impagliazzo. Let's discuss this.

I believe that Impagliazzo is academically notable. Given what I know about Impagliazzo at the moment, my best argument for his notability is that he is currently a member of the IAS. I think that this honor satisfies the second part of condition 3 for academic notability. Bender2k14 (talk) 03:31, 28 August 2010 (UTC)

Russell Impagliazzo is one of the foremost academics studying computational complexity theory, as those in the field will know. He's known for "Impagliazzo's Hard-Core Lemma", as well as a canonical proof of Ladner's Theorem (used in Arora and Barak) among other things. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Horacelamb (talk • contribs) 01:22, 5 October 2010 (UTC)

Microsoft Academic Search lists Impagliazzo (in the Algorithms and Theory top of authors) ahead of people like Stephen Cook, Nancy Lynch, Martin Abadi, and Laszlo Lovasz. Of course, an automatic algorithm that ranks people by citations is far from a perfect mechanism to judge the value of one's work. Still, you don't get to be ranked in Top 100 of all time in Algorithms and Theory unless you did something notable. Given this and the comments above, I will remove the notability question from the main article. Rgrig (talk) 15:06, 9 October 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Russell Impagliazzo


text: User:WayeMason/test

title: User:WayeMason/test


text:
Talk:Asim Butt (cricketer)

Untitled
Anyone willing to dig up a reference for this probable hoax? Did a google search on Asim Butt and all the hits I got were mainly on the cricketer. If no one finds a reference within four-five days, I'm going to change it to the Scottish cricketer - how on earth can the pseudonym be "named after" him when it was used before he got a serious claim to fame? (which would be the 1999 Cricket World Cup) Sam Vimes 18:33, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

multiple names were popularised in the 70s - luther blissett wasn't used till the 90s ("Luther Blissett" is a multi-use pseudonym, an "open reputation" informally adopted and shared by hundreds of artists, hackers and social activists all over Europe since Summer 1994.) and asim butt after 2000 (eg The Karachi Stuckists, Est. 2005, Founder: Asim Butt )

 * That's not a reference to its use, it's a statement (although I made a google search on the Karachi Stuckists, and indeed, Asim Butt was the founder, but like all Pakistani names, quite a number of people can share the same name) without any backing up source. All the ones I can find on google is wikipedia mirrors. Care to help with a newspaper article or something? Sam Vimes 14:15, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

There's also a Karachi-based artist of the same name -- see Asim Butt (artist). Should there be a disambiguation page or a reference to the artist on the top of this page? ameel (talk) 13:09, 1 August 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Asim Butt (cricketer)


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The Jackson 5 discography

This article presents the discography of The Jackson 5 (currently known as The Jacksons), an American family band from Gary, Indiana.

Founding group members Jackie, Tito, Jermaine, Marlon and Michael formed the group after performing in an early incarnation called The Jackson Brothers, which originally consisted of a trio of the three older brothers. In 1975, the youngest brother Randy Jackson replaced Jermaine when the brothers signed with Epic Records and Jermaine stayed with Motown Records. In 1983, Jermaine returned to the group, but by 1989, Marlon and Michael had already left to focus on their solo careers.

Overall, 18 of the group's singles rose within the US Billboard Top 20, with four of them reaching number one.

title: The Jackson 5 discography


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List of Scotland ODI cricketers

Since Scotland's first One Day International (ODI) in 1999, 77 players have represented the team. A One Day International (ODI) is an international cricket match between two representative teams, each having ODI status, as determined by the International Cricket Council (ICC). An ODI differs from Test matches in that the number of overs per team is limited, and that each team has only one innings. The list is arranged in the order in which each player won his first ODI cap. Where more than one player won his first ODI cap in the same match, those players are listed alphabetically by surname. Scotland played their first ODI matches at the 1999 Cricket World Cup. Since 1 January 2006, Scotland has had official ODI status, meaning that any one-day match it plays after that date against the Test-playing nations, or against another side with ODI status, is an official ODI. The ICC currently grants temporary ODI status to associate (non-Test) nations for four-year cycles based on performances at World Cup qualification events. Scotland retains official ODI status at least until the end of the 2018 Cricket World Cup Qualifier.

Scotland have played 153 ODIs, resulting in 68 victories, 77 defeats, 1 tie and 7 no results. At the 2007 World Cup, Scotland lost all three of their matches and failed to pass beyond the group stages. Scotland risk losing players to the county cricket system in England during the British summer, where teams representing 18 of the traditional counties of England compete.

Calum MacLeod made the highest score for Scotland on 23 January 2014 when he scored 175 against Canada. Josh Davey holds the records for the best bowling figures for Scotland in an ODI with 6/28 against Afghanistan on 14 January 2015. Kyle Coetzer is Scotland's leading run-scorer with 3,192 runs and Safyaan Sharif holds the record for most wickets in ODIs for Scotland with 100.

Players

 * Statistics are correct as of 16 July 2024.

Captains
George Salmond was Scotland's first ODI captain, leading his team in the 1999 World Cup. In the intervening years between the World Cup and Scotland gaining ODI status in 2006, the captaincy had passed on to Craig Wright. After his team were knocked out of the 2007 World Cup in the first round, Wright resigned the captaincy. He was replaced by Ryan Watson. Watson said Wright was a hard act to follow and he intended "to pick up where Craig left off, bring in some of my own ideas and hopefully achieve the same level of success". Early in 2009, after Scotland failed to qualify for the 2011 World Cup, Watson stepped down as captain and was replaced by Gavin Hamilton.

title: List of Scotland ODI cricketers


text:
User talk:Befrafa

 * waves and grins* Guess who's been reading the WD-related articles of late...? Loganberry (Talk) 18:34, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Grins back* Didn't see this message until now as I forgot my password. Nice title you used... Befrafa 16:16, 07 September 2005

title: User talk:Befrafa


text: Template:Military of Germany

title: Template:Military of Germany


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New York, Ontario and Western Railway

The New York, Ontario and Western Railway, commonly known as the O&W or NYO&W, was a regional railroad founded in 1868. The last train ran from Norwich, New York to Middletown, New York in 1957, after which it was ordered liquidated by a U.S. bankruptcy judge. It was the first Class I U.S. railroad to be abandoned in its entirety.

The railroad began life as the New York and Oswego Midland Railroad, organized by Dewitt C. Littlejohn of Oswego, NY in 1868. Its mainline extended from Weehawken, New Jersey, across the Hudson River from New York City, to Oswego, New York, a port city on Lake Ontario. It had branch lines to Kingston, Port Jervis, Monticello, Delhi, Utica and Rome, New York and Scranton, Pennsylvania. The part south of Cornwall, New York, was operated over the New York Central Railroad's West Shore Railroad via trackage rights.

19th century
In 1866, the New York and Oswego Midland Railroad was chartered under the direction of Dewitt C. Littlejohn, who envisioned a railroad serving a direct connection from the docks opposite New York City to Lake Ontario at Oswego. Construction on the line north of Middletown began in 1868 and was completed in 1873. Branches were also constructed to Ellenville, Delhi and New Berlin, New York; a branch was begun to Auburn from Norwich, but it only was constructed to Scipio Center before being sold to the Utica, Ithaca and Elmira Railroad in 1876. Access to New York City was provided by the Middletown, Unionville and Water Gap Railroad and the New Jersey Midland Railway beginning in 1872. On September 3, 1869, the NY&OM began using the Pennsylvania Railroad's station at Exchange Place in Jersey City, New Jersey, which provided its passengers with ferry access to the Cortlandt Street Ferry Depot in lower Manhattan and the Desbrosses Street Ferry. With the Panic of 1873, the company began to fold, and it severed its ties with the NJM and the MU&WG.

In 1880, O&W inherited the New York & Oswego Midland's lines. The O&W improved the main line by providing a new route to the New York City area from Middletown, New York which extended to Cornwall on the Hudson River and then to Weehawken Terminal. This development was made possible by negotiating trackage-rights from the New York, West Shore & Buffalo Railway, later part of the New York Central system.

In 1886, O&W acquired the operations of both the Utica, Clinton & Binghamton and the Rome & Clinton railroads from the Delaware & Hudson Canal Company. By acquisition of these assets and construction of a new line to Sylvan Beach on the east shore of Lake Oneida, the O&W extended its operations into new market areas, and the Sylvan Beach Loop became a seasonally-significant corridor by providing transportation to central New York's recreational resort area. By 1889, the O&W added two new branches, New Berlin to Edmeston, and Port Jervis to Monticello, connecting to the main line at Summitville, New York.

The most significant addition occurred in 1890, when the O&W constructed a 54-mile branch from Cadosia, New York, to Scranton, Pennsylvania, through the rich anthracite coal reserves in Pennsylvania's Lackawanna Valley. Revenues from this new Scranton Division strengthened O&W's revenues and provided the means for future improvements to the railroad. The railroad's W-in-O logo first appeared in 1892.

20th century
During the ill-fated "Morganization" of the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad (NH), the railroad acquired control of the O&W and installed NH president Charles Sanger Mellen as president for a year. Regulatory difficulties frustrated Mellen's plans to barter the O&W to the New York Central Railroad for concessions elsewhere.

The 1940s saw a receding of passenger service. In the early years of the 1940s, the Summitville-Kingston branch was reduced to a Sundays and holidays, summer-only service. Improved highways ended the O&W's passenger service to the resort areas of the lower Catskill Mountains (the "Borscht Belt") and lightly populated portions of Upstate New York, with the last train from Walton, New York to Weehawken operating in the summer of 1948. The O&W's Walton-Delhi branch service, all in Delaware County, was also eliminated in this period. The last passenger train (from Roscoe, New York just north of Livingston Manor, to Weehawken Terminal) operated on September 10, 1953.

By 1948 the operating losses had accumulated to over $38 million (over $69 million in 2024). The decrease of coal as a heating fuel for other than major power plants damaged its primary freight business, as did the end of rail transport of high-priority dairy products from Upstate New York to the Metro New York City area. The New Haven offered to purchase the company in 1952, but later withdrew its offer, citing its own financial problems. Abandonment was loudly-protested by towns along the line, which considered unpaid back taxes as an investment in the railroad. The New York State legislature approved a $1 million aid bill, citing the O&W as essential for civil defense, but the state civil defense commission rejected it.

The bankruptcy court finally ordered complete abandonment, and the last freight train ran from Norwich to Middletown on March 29, 1957. Liquidation proceeded shortly thereafter. Three large scrap dealers bought the entire right-of-way from the bankruptcy court soon afterward, and removed nearly all of the rails and bridges in 1958 and 1959. All O&W assets were auctioned. The diesel locomotives found new owners, but most of the other, antiquated rolling stock and equipment was scrapped. Certain sections of track serving shippers, many of which were industrial factories, were transferred by the bankruptcy court to other railroads, allowing continued rail access to the plants. The Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad received track from Utica to New Hartford, New York, and track in Norwich, New York and Scranton, Pennsylvania. The New York Central took over sections of O&W New York track between Fulton and Oswego, and the tracks in Rome, Oneida, and Kingston. These transfers were approved before operations ceased at midnight on March 29, and the transfer of other sections to the Erie Railroad was approved later. A section of the track in New Hartford was still in operation in 2018 by the Northern Division of the New York, Susquehanna and Western Railway.

Legacy
Rail historian George Drury later commented that the O&W "had always been sickly and should not have been built" at just "541 miles".

Parts of the Summitville - Kingston division, ending at Kingston, have become a rail trail. Some of the stations have been converted into residences, including the Alligerville station in High Falls, New York, owned by Gerry Leonard since 2001 and used as a recording studio. The Starlight station in Wayne County, Pennsylvania was acquired by Buckingham Township and servies as its Municipal Building.

On September 27, 1955, a 50-car O&W train in Hamilton, New York traveling on a mainline approached a switch set for a siding which led to a coal trestle. Although the engineer fully-applied the brakes, the train continued up the siding at more than 30 mph and through the trestle. It was learned that the 213-ton EMD FT diesel locomotive at the head of the train "flew" a distance of 150 ft beyond the coal trestle from an elevation of 15 ft. Two of the crew were seriously injured, but no crewmen were killed in the wreck.

An investigation by New York state police as to why the switch had been thrown resulted in no arrests. A dinner was later given in honor of the crew, who each received a plaque proclaiming them to be members of the O&W's new "Flying Diesel Corps." Each plaque was topped with a cast presentation model of their F-unit locomotive; the castings were provided by EMD.

One of the freight cars involved in the accident was loaded with chocolate bars from the Nestlé plant in nearby Fulton, New York. It was said that when the younger residents of Hamilton learned of the spilled candy, they raced to collect what they could, and that as a result candy sales in the town were for some time afterward very low.

When Savannah and Atlanta 750 was restored for excursion service in 1964, it received a new tender and other parts from an ex-NYO&W Y-series 4-8-2 which the S&A had bought in 1945. This engine, the last surviving steam locomotive from the NYO&W, was scrapped afterward.

title: New York, Ontario and Western Railway


text:
Talk:Edward Foljambe, 5th Earl of Liverpool

Untitled
Original article seemed a direct lift without atribution from another site. Hopefully it should now be ok.Alci12

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text:
Mist (comics)

Mist is the name of different DC Comics supervillains, archenemies of the original and 1990s Starman. The first Mist is a man named Kyle. The second Mist is his daughter Nash.

Kyle made his live-action debut on the first season of The Flash, portrayed by Anthony Carrigan.

Publication history
The Kyle version of the Mist first appears in Adventure Comics #67 and was created by Gardner Fox.

The Nash version of the Mist first appears in Starman (vol. 2) #0 and was created by James Robinson and Tony Harris.

Kyle
The first Mist's real name was Kyle. He fought in World War I as a Captain in the Canadian Army, winning the Victoria Cross. He was also a scientist and created a device that turned his body into a gaseous form; he became a supervillain, first fighting the Golden Age Sandman under the name "Johnathon Smythe", before changing his name to the Mist. In 1941, he undertook a crime wave in Opal City and was stopped by Ted Knight, the Golden Age Starman; he vowed revenge on Starman and became his nemesis.

He was a member of the Ultra-Humanite's incarnation of the Secret Society of Super Villains, and appeared during the late 1980s Starman series (chronicling the adventures of Will Payton), then using the name Nimbus.

The Mist had two children named Nash and Kyle Jr.

In the early 1990s, after Ted Knight had retired (following the events of Zero Hour), the Mist planned his final revenge on Starman and sent his son, Kyle Jr., to kill Knight's son David, as well as nearly killing his second son, Jack, demolishing his home and kidnapping the elder Knight. In exchange for his father, Jack battled Kyle Jr., resulting in Kyle Jr.'s death, which drove the Mist insane. He was like this for some time until making a deal with the demon-lord Neron, restoring his sanity and curing his senility. This allowed him to advise his daughter, Nash, on joining Simon Culp's scheme to destroy Opal City and conversely kill Culp himself when he threatened her, on the grounds he "hated dwarfs". Ultimately, he revealed he was tired and had decided to end his life, planting a nuclear bomb in Opal City set to detonate at the moment of his death and then taking poison. However, he failed to destroy the city, as a terminally ill Ted Knight used an advanced version of his Cosmic Rod to lift the entire building miles into the air; the two enemies made peace with each other just before the Mist's heart stopped, killing them both.

Nash
Nash was not initially the villain that her father or brother were, but rather a meek, stuttering girl. During her father's campaign of revenge against Ted Knight, she was in a position to kill Jack Knight, but let him go after he reasoned that she personally had no reason to kill him. After Jack killed her brother Kyle, she underwent a major personality shift and became the second Mist, exposing herself to the same process that had given her father his powers. During her first major crime wave, Nash drugged Jack and raped him, becoming pregnant. She later gave birth to a son, Kyle Theo, named after her father and Jack. She passed on a second opportunity to kill Jack, deciding to better herself as a villain while Jack worked to become a better hero. She spent much time in Europe, where she killed the second Amazing Man, Crimson Fox and Blue Devil.

She was then one of the many villains who took part in the plan to destroy Opal City during the "Grand Guignol" story arc. After this failed, her father made his own attempt to destroy the city. Since his plan would kill Nash and her son, she attempted to stop him. Her father then shot her. In her dying moments, she gave her son over to Jack to raise.

Kyle Knight
The son of Nash and Jack Knight, Kyle Knight inherited his mother's mist powers and embraced his father's heroic background.

In the pages of "The New Golden Age", Kyle was mentioned to currently be 5 years old by Stargirl when Huntress had mentioned that that he operated as Mist in her possible future.

Powers and abilities
Both Mists are able to transform into a living vapor and become tangible and intangible at will.

Earth-Two
June 1962 saw Earth-Two's public re-emergence of Vandal Savage. He briefly terrorized a handful of important U.S. cities and was able to attack and incapacitate various members of the retired JSA. This brazen attack on major American cities and on the persons of a handful of retired JSAers resulted in the re-emergence and the re-formation of the Justice Society of America. This did not have an immediate effect on the super-scientists and criminals who operated openly in the 1940s and covertly in the 1950s, but over time this curious breed of villain did begin to re-emerge.

September 1965 found the Mist working with a gang of hoodlums along the Atlantic Coast in Park City. With his secret formulas and gadgetry he was controlling Mrs. Dinah Drake Lance, using the Drake Flower Shoppe as the means to gain access to the wealthy citizenry, and using his hypnotic influence to have the rich rob themselves and hand over their wealth to the Mist's henchmen. Though Park City did have a protector in the guise of the Black Canary, this heroine was only seen infrequently and the Mist seemed not to have been perturbed by this. Though he was using Mrs. Lance, he never discovered her dual identity as the Black Canary. By September, his crime spree was advancing nicely and was baffling the local police. Finally, a local private investigator – Mr. Larry Lance (husband to Dinah Drake Lance) figured out the connection between those robbed and his wife's flower shop. At about this time, the Lance family was visited by their friend Ted Knight; he accidentally intercepted a hypnotic sound wave sent by the Mist. Together, the three heroes went about hunting down the gang and its leader. During this crime spree, the Mist discovered how to use his inviso-solution, sound waves and a recording of motor noises from the Park City Observatory to block star-energy from reaching Starman's Cosmic Rod, in effect making it powerless; however, Starman had with him a newer, quasar-powered Rod, which proved impervious to the deactivation. In the end, the Mist and his men were defeated and handed over to the police.

Earth 2
In the pages of Earth 2: Society, Kyle Nimbus is the CEO of Nimbus Solutions who can make himself intangible at will where he has to be tangible to attack. In his plans, he used mind-control chemicals on Hourman's Miraclo in order for him to serve Nimbus. With help from Red Arrow and Ted Grant, Dick Grayson as Batman defeated Kyle Nimbus.

Huntress' Future
In a possible future seen in "The New Golden Age", the Kyle Knight version of Mist joined the Justice Society of America under Huntress, before being killed alongside the rest of his team by Per Degaton who aged Mist to death.

When Per Degaton was defeated by the present day JSA, Kyle and his future were resurrected and erased from the timestream.

In other media

 * The Kyle incarnation of Mist appears in The Flash, portrayed by Anthony Carrigan. Introduced in the episode "Things You Can't Outrun", this version is a mob hitman named Kyle Nimbus who was betrayed by and testified against his employers. After being charged, he was put on death row. However, as he was in the midst of being executed via gas chamber, S.T.A.R. Labs' particle accelerator exploded, giving him the ability to transform into the gas that was being used to execute him.
 * An original incarnation of Mist based on Kyle and Nash, Andrea "Andie" Murphy, appears in Young Justice, voiced by Daniela Bobadilla. Introduced in the episode "Triptych", this version is a reluctant teenage criminal and associate of Livewire and Shade who reluctantly participates in a metahuman trafficking operation before she is subdued by Nightwing, given residence at the Metahuman Youth Center, and eventually joins the Team.
 * The Kyle incarnation of Mist appears in My Adventures with Superman, voiced by Lucas Grabeel. This version is a member of Intergang and the brother of leading member Silver Banshee who possesses Kryptonian technology that allows him to turn into vapor, which he received from Livewire.

title: Mist (comics)


text:
Equatorial ridge

Equatorial ridges are a feature of at least three of Saturn's moons: the large moon Iapetus and the tiny moons Atlas and Pan. They are ridges that closely follow the moons' equators. They appear to be unique to the Saturnian system, but it is uncertain whether the occurrences are related or a coincidence.

Iapetus was discovered by Italian-born French astronomer Giovanni Domenico Cassini in October 1781; Atlas was discovered from the images taken by Voyager 1 during its flyby of Saturn in November 1980; while Pan was discovered by Showalter in the same year as Atlas. Lastly, the very small moon Daphnis, discovered by the Cassini in 2005, also appears to have such a ridge.

All three equatorial ridges were discovered by the Cassini spacecraft.

The ridge on Iapetus is nearly 20 km wide, 13 km high and 1,300 km long. The ridge on Atlas is proportionally even more remarkable given the moon's much smaller size, giving it a disk-like shape. Images of Pan show a structure similar to that of Atlas.

Formation
It is not certain how these ridges formed, or whether there is any connection between them. Because Atlas and Pan orbit within the rings of Saturn, a likely explanation for their ridges is that they sweep up ring particles as they orbit, which build up around their equators. This hypothesis is less applicable to Iapetus, which orbits far beyond the rings. One scientist has suggested that Iapetus swept up a ring before being somehow expelled to its current, distant orbit. Others think it was stationary and it is the rings that have been pulled away from it, falling into Saturn's gravity field. Perhaps more likely is the hypothesis that because Iapetus has an unusually large Hill sphere compared to other moons in the Solar System, it could once have had its own ring, or even a moonlet that was slowly pulled in closer, torn up into a ring, and then gradually accreted onto Iapetus' equator. Some scientists prefer to assume that Iapetus's ridge was produced by some kind of internal source and is unrelated to the ridges on Atlas and Pan.

Another hypothesis suggested is that low velocity collisions between moons could have formed the bulge at the centre, although the circumstances for such an event to happen are slim.

title: Equatorial ridge


text:
Edmund Bacon (architect)

Edmund Norwood Bacon (May 2, 1910 – October 14, 2005) was an American urban planner, architect, educator, and author. During his tenure as the executive director of the Philadelphia City Planning Commission from 1949 to 1970, his visions shaped today's Philadelphia, the city of his birth, to the extent that he is sometimes described as "The Father of Modern Philadelphia". He authored the seminal urban planning book Design of Cities.

Early life and education
Bacon was born in West Philadelphia, the son of Helen Atkinson (née Comly) and Ellis Williams Bacon. He grew up in the Philadelphia suburbs and graduated from Swarthmore High School in Swarthmore, Pennsylvania in 1928.

He attended Cornell University, where he studied architecture. His senior thesis at Cornell made the case for a new civic center for Philadelphia that included an urban park where LOVE Park was ultimately built.

After college, while traveling the world on a small inheritance, Bacon found work as an architect in Shanghai, China in Henry Murphy's office. He was responsible for designing the Nanking airport. With Murphy, he visited Beijing, a city that exerted a deep influence on his thinking. After a year in China, he returned to Philadelphia where he worked for architect William Pope Barney.

He soon was awarded a scholarship to the Cranbrook Academy of Art, in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, with Finnish architect and planner Eliel Saarinen, who Bacon revered and whose theories about the city as a living organism as expressed in Saarinen's book The City were a basis for Bacon's later work.

Works Progress Administration
Saarinen sent Bacon to Flint, Michigan to guide a WPA traffic survey. This project transformed into a permanent position for Bacon at the Flint Institute for Planning and Research. Bacon became very active in civic life in Flint, helping to establish the Flint Housing Association and reforming the city's Planning Commission. During his time in Flint, Bacon witnessed the 1936-37 Flint Sit-Down Strike, and felt empathetic to the workers.

Bacon gained close contacts with individuals who were active in establishing the Federal Housing Authority, such as Catherine Bauer and Lewis Mumford. Through these contacts he helped secure federal housing dollars for Flint. However, the local real-estate industry came to see this Federal funding for public housing as a threat to their business, as was the case in several cities early in the history of the FHA. The funding was turned down, and Bacon was effectively run out of Flint in 1939.

Philadelphia Housing Association
From Flint, Bacon returned to Philadelphia to serve as managing director of the Philadelphia Housing Association. He served in the United States Navy aboard the USS Shoshone in the Pacific in World War II. In 1947, he joined the staff of the Philadelphia City Planning Commission under executive director Robert Mitchell, and served as co-designer to the 1947 Better Philadelphia Exhibition in collaboration with Oscar Stonorov and Louis Kahn. Bacon was also an early member of the City Policy Committee, a grassroots movement of young Philadelphians, established by future civic leader Walter M. Phillips, that was instrumental in Philadelphia's political reform movement. Members of the Committee went on to become leaders in Philadelphia government after 1952, when the reform Democrat and later U.S. Senator) Joseph Sill Clark was elected Mayor, Richardson Dilworth became District Attorney, and a new Home Rule Charter was instituted.

In 1949, Bacon succeeded Mitchell as executive director of the Philadelphia City Planning Commission. Serving under Mayors Samuel, Clark, Dilworth, and Tate, his work brought him national repute along with his counterparts Edward J. Logue in Boston and Robert Moses in New York City during the mid-century era of urban renewal. His face appeared on the cover of Time magazine in 1964, and in 1965, Life magazine devoted its cover story to his work.

That same year, Bacon was appointed by President Johnson to serve as a member of the White House's Conference on Recreation and Natural Beauty. In 1967, he wrote Design of Cities, still considered an important architectural text. It is a seminal work on urban design that illustrates the relationship between historical and modern principles, as well as practices of urban planning, applied particularly to Philadelphia.

It was during his tenure at the City Planning Commission that Bacon and his staff conceived and implemented numerous large- and small-scale design ideas that shaped today's Philadelphia. These design concepts became Penn Center, Market East, Penn's Landing, Society Hill, Independence Mall, and the Far Northeast. The Center City Commuter Connection, a seemingly radical idea at the time, was conceived during the 1950s by Planning Commission staff member, R. Damon Childs, who succeeded Bacon as executive director.

Not all of the concepts that Bacon supported materialized. One proposal that he inherited from Robert Mitchell was to encircle Center City with a series of expressways, including the so-called "Crosstown Expressway" (I-695) and the Vine Street Expressway (I-676) linking the Schuylkill Expressway (I-76) with the Delaware Expressway (I-95) via South Street. Three of the four expressways were built; however, the Crosstown Expressway faced significant local opposition and was never built, while a scaled-down expressway was built at Vine Street.

As an unintended consequence, the Crosstown Expressway proposal depressed property values and rents in the South Street corridor, leading to a turnover of the neighborhood's character from largely Jewish-owned garment shops to the thriving commercial and nightlife center that it is today. Other concepts conceived during Bacon's tenure, such as Schuylkill River Park, included in the 1963 Center City Plan, came into being many years later.

Academia
After Bacon's retirement from the Planning Commission in 1970, he served as vice president for the private planning firm Mondev U.S.A., was an adjunct professor at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and at the University of Pennsylvania, from 1950 to 1987, and narrated "Understanding Cities", an award-winning series of documentary films describing the history and development of Rome under Pope Sixtus V, Paris under Georges-Eugène Haussmann, Regency London under John Nash, American cities, and cities in the future post-oil era. He vociferously but unsuccessfully opposed the development of skyscrapers in Center City Philadelphia taller than Philadelphia City Hall, which until 1984 set the informal height limit for downtown at the hat of the statue of William Penn. That custom, known as the "Gentlemen's agreement", was broken by developer Willard G. Rouse III's One Liberty Place. The New York Times correctly noted Bacon's opposition to the project, but it was incorrect in saying that "in opposing the skyscraper One Liberty Place, Mr. Bacon refused to attend the tower's 1986 groundbreaking and stopped speaking to his friend Willard G. Rouse III, who built it. 'I think it's very, very destructive that he and he alone has chosen to destroy a historical tradition that set a very fine and disciplined form for the city,' Mr. Bacon said at the time." Bacon was present at the groundbreaking, which took place in May 1985. Of course, Rouse was not capable of single-handedly changing the custom, even if it was not formally legal. Rouse's enormous project had the support of Mayor W. Wilson Goode, Philadelphia City Council, and the City Planning Commission, which was forced by the announcement of Rouse's plan to admit that it had no up-to-date plan of its own for the future of Philadelphia's downtown.

Bacon continued to assert his vision for Philadelphia's future actively in his later years. During the 1990s, he proposed new concepts to improve Independence Mall, Penn's Landing, and the Benjamin Franklin Parkway. During the same period, he promoted a design competition for North American cities to design the best "Post-Petroleum" city. Only one municipality, in Ottawa, Canada, committed to it. In 2002, at age 92, he skateboarded in LOVE Park, the plaza he founded and designed at Cornell University in 1932, as a protest against the city's ban on skateboarding in the park.

In 2003, he appeared in the documentary My Architect about Louis Kahn, a Philadelphia architect. In September 2006, at the northwest corner of 15th Street and J.F.K. Boulevard, by LOVE Park, The Ed Bacon Foundation and the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission dedicated a state historical marker honoring Bacon's memory and commemorating his work.

Awards
Bacon was awarded the Frank P. Brown Medal in 1962, the American Institute of Planners Distinguished Service Award, the Philadelphia Award, and an honorary doctorate from the University of Pennsylvania. In 1983, Bacon was elected into the National Academy of Design as an associate member, and became a full member in 1994. From 2004 until his death at the age of 95 the following year, Bacon helped found and served as an honorary director of a foundation that bears his name, the Ed Bacon Foundation, whose programs are now managed by the Edmund N. Bacon Memorial Committee at the Philadelphia Center for Architecture.

Personal life
Bacon was the father of six children, including two sons, actor Kevin Bacon, musician Michael Bacon, and four daughters, Karin, Elinor, Hilda and Prudence (later Kira). His wife was Ruth Hilda Holmes, a teacher and liberal political activist. His friends included Buckminster Fuller, Steen Eiler Rasmussen, James Rouse, and Konstantinos Apostolos Doxiadis.

Works

 * Design of Cities (May 20, 1976) Penguin. ISBN 0-14-004236-9
 * Understanding Cities documentary film series (1981)
 * Greg Heller, Ed Bacon: Planning, Politics, and the Building of Modern Philadelphia. (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2013)

title: Edmund Bacon (architect)


text:
Mechnikov (crater)

Mechnikov is an impact crater on the far side of the Moon. It is located just to the northeast of the much larger walled plain Galois, being separated by a stretch of irregular terrain about 20–30 km in width.

This is a roughly circular crater that has undergone a moderate amount of impact erosion, but is still relatively intact. Attached to the exterior along the northeast are the satellite craters Mechnikov C and Mechnikov D. There is a small crater in the western part of Mechnikov's interior floor.

Mechnikov is a crater of Nectarian age.

A small crater along the northeast rim of Galois has a small ray system. Ray material from this crater crosses the interior of Mechnikov in a series of streaks that are radial to the impact, producing a fan-like appearance.

Satellite craters
By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Mechnikov.

title: Mechnikov (crater)


text:
Maureen Orth

Maureen Orth is an American journalist, author, and a Special Correspondent for Vanity Fair magazine. She is the founder of Marina Orth Foundation, which has established a model education program in Colombia emphasizing technology, English, and leadership. She is the widow of TV journalist Tim Russert.

Orth’s research was the basis of multi-episode documentaries and television films about Woody Allen, Michael Jackson and Andrew Cunanan.

Early life and education
Maureen Orth grew up in the Bay Area of California, the daughter of Helen (Pierotti) Orth and Karl Orth. She has two siblings, Christina Orth and the late Dan Orth.

Orth attended Alameda High School. She studied at the University of California, Berkeley, where she graduated in 1964 with a degree in political science. At Berkeley, Orth was a member of the Kappa Kappa Gamma sorority.

Following her graduation from college, she served in the Peace Corps in Medellín, Colombia, from 1964 to 1966. Orth later earned a master's degree in Journalism and Documentary Film from UCLA in 1969.

Career
Before launching her career in journalism, Orth worked in Washington, DC and helped organize the hearings for the House Select Subcommittee Environmental Education Act in conjunction with the first Earth Day.

Orth began her journalism career in San Francisco in 1970 chronicling issues of the counter culture for the San Francisco Examiner. She was mentored by author Alex Haley. In 1971, she became the West Coast correspondent of The Village Voice and also freelanced for the Los Angeles Times and Rolling Stone.

In 1972, Orth joined TVTV, a pioneering video group that had obtained a PBS grant to cover both the Republican and Democratic Conventions in Miami, Florida. The resulting films used the first ever footage shot on the convention floor using ½ inch Sony portapack videotape.

Orth moved to New York in 1973. She wrote the Ms. Magazine cover story titled “Suffer the Little Children…The American Child-Care Disgrace.”

Newsweek
Orth was hired as one of the first female writers for Newsweek, covering music, books and movies. She was a plaintiff in a successful 1970 lawsuit claiming that the newsroom discriminated against women. At Newsweek, Orth wrote eight cover stories in five years on subjects including Bob Dylan, Bruce Springsteen, Stevie Wonder, and The Godfather Part II film. She was the only journalist to report from the notoriously chaotic set of Apocalypse Now in the Philippines.

In 1975, Orth took a brief leave of absence from Newsweek to be the assistant to director Lina Wertmuller, in Italy, during the filming of Seven Beauties. This film was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Foreign Film. She later wrote about the experience in an article for the magazine.

When news broke in August 1977 that Elvis Presley had died, Orth requested to be sent to Memphis, Tennessee to cover the story. She wrote the first news piece to suggest that Presley's official cause of death might not have been a heart attack. She was a contestant on The Gong Show and wrote about it for the magazine.

Freelance work
Between 1978 and 1980 Orth was a senior editor at New York, and New West Magazines. In 1981-1982 she was the principal correspondent of Newsweek Woman on Lifetime Television. From 1983 to 1984 she was a network correspondent for NBC News. Orth was a contributing editor at Vogue from 1984 to 1989, and a columnist for New York Woman from 1986 to 1990. She has also freelanced for the New York Times, Washington Post and the Wall Street Journal.

Vanity Fair
Orth has written for Vanity Fair since 1988 and has been a Special Correspondent for that magazine since 1993. Among the heads of state she has interviewed are Russian President Vladimir Putin, German Chancellor Angela Merkel, British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, Argentinian President Carlos Menem, and Irish President Mary Robinson. Orth secured the first interview with Thatcher just months after leaving office.

Shortly after the 9/11 terrorist attacks on the United States, Orth traveled to Central Asia to investigate the connection between drugs and terrorism for a piece titled "Afghanistan's Deadly Habit."

Orth has investigated pedophile priest Paul Shanley and the Laci Peterson murder. Orth has also written articles on Tom Cruise and Scientology, Madonna, Tina Turner, Karl Lagerfeld and Conrad Black.

She chronicled the Colombian hostage rescue of Ingrid Betancourt in a November 2008 piece titled "Inside Colombia's Hostage War" and wrote about Elda Neyis, aka Karina, Colombia's most notorious FARC female revolutionary.

Orth was one of the first journalists to report on child molestation charges against celebrities Woody Allen and Michael Jackson.

Reporting on Michael Jackson
In January 1994 Vanity Fair published "Nightmare in Neverland," the first of five articles from 1994 through 2005 that investigated the charges stemming from Jackson's alleged behavior towards underage boys instigated by the 1993 child sexual abuse accusations against Michael Jackson. She observed and wrote about two of Jackson's trials including a civil lawsuit filed against him in 2003 by concert promoter Marcel Avram, and the 2005 criminal trial on child molestation, for which Jackson was acquitted.

Orth’s reporting was later associated with 2019 HBO documentary “Leaving Neverland."

Reporting on Woody Allen and Mia Farrow
Orth reported extensively for Vanity Fair on the child molestation charges against director Woody Allen.

Orth's 10,000-word November 1992 piece, " Mia's Story" broke the news that Woody Allen was in therapy for inappropriate behavior towards his then 7-year-old adopted daughter Dylan and the history of Allen's relationship with Farrow's adopted teenage daughter, Soon Yi-Previn. In 2013, Orth also broke the news that a video of Dylan confiding to Farrow about what she said happened with Allen had been obtained by New York’s Fox Channel 5 but was never aired.

“Mia’s Story” is among the most-read stories in Vanity Fair's archives.

In 2013, in a piece titled "Momma Mia!" Orth obtained the first on the record interview with then 28-year-old Dylan Farrow. In the story, Dylan detailed her allegations of how Allen sexually abused her in the attic of the family home, which Allen strongly denied. Dylan also discussed the impact the child molestation case had on her life and the Farrow family Orth interviewed eight of Farrow’s children for the 9,400-word story which generated significant media interest in Farrow’s son, Ronan, as possibly the biological son of Frank Sinatra. All eight of Farrow’s children interviewed for the story said they suffered psychological damage from the case and wanted nothing to do with Allen.

In response to Orth’s 2013 story, and the renewed media attention on the decades-old accusations and custody fight between Allen and Farrow, Allen drafted a lengthy opinion piece published the New York Times in 2014 denying that he had abused Dylan when she was a child in the early 1990s.

On the same day Allen’s editorial was published in the New York Times, Orth published “10 Undeniable Facts About the Woody Allen Sexual Abuse Allegation” in Vanity Fair.

In a May 2016 column for The Hollywood Reporter, Ronan Farrow noted that most of the facts of the claims made by Dylan against Allen had been “meticulously reported by journalist Maureen Orth.”

Much of the reporting by Orth on the relationship between Woody Allen and Mia Farrow was used by filmmakers Kirby Dick, Amy Ziering and Amy Herdy as the basis for their 2021 HBO Documentary “Allen v. Farrow.” Orth was interviewed for the documentary and appears on camera in episodes one and three of the four-part series.

Reporting on Andrew Cunanan and Gianni Versace
In the spring of 1997, Orth read a news story in the New York Daily News about the manhunt for Andrew Cunanan, and an unlikely string of murders. She began conducting research and gathering information on Cunanan and spent nine weeks developing a story set to appear in Vanity Fair.

While Vanity Fair was doing the final fact-checking of Orth's article, Versace was killed in Miami on July 15, 1997. That night, Cunanan was named as a suspect and the following morning Orth broke the news on NBC's Today Show that, according to her research, Versace and Cunanan had met each other backstage at the San Francisco Opera in 1990 when the designer created the costumes for the opera's production of "Capriccio."

Orth conducted additional research in Miami for her piece, “The Killer’s Trail,” which appeared in the September 1997 issue of the magazine. After Versace's murder, and before her article was published in Vanity Fair, book publisher Delacorte was rumored to have paid Orth a significant advance for a book-length reworking of the story.

Two years later, Orth published Vulgar Favors: Andrew Cunanan, Gianni Versace, and the Largest Failed Manhunt in U.S. History. She dedicated the book to her late husband, Tim Russert, and their son Luke, as well as Orth's mother. In the book, Orth claimed, among other things, that Gianni Versace had AIDS and that his deteriorating health was kept a secret to avoid putting a public listing of his company at risk.

In October 2016, reports began circulating that FX would be developing a television miniseries based on Orth's book as part of the American Crime Story franchise. In January 2018, FX debuted a nine-episode miniseries, "American Crime Story: The Assassination of Gianni Versace" starring Darren Criss, Édgar Ramírez, Penélope Cruz and Ricky Martin. Orth was a creative consultant on the series.

The Versace family was unhappy with how Gianni Versace was portrayed in both the book and the television show, stating that it presented a distorted and fictionalized account of the designer's life. At the time of the television show's premier, the publisher of the book vigorously defended Orth's reporting saying:"'First published almost 19 years ago, Vulgar Favors is a carefully reported and extensively-sourced work of investigative journalism by an award-winning journalist with impeccable credentials. The book has stood the test of time and is widely regarded as the definitive account of Andrew Cunanan's chilling crime spree. Random House stands by the book and its author, Maureen Orth.'"At the 2018 Emmy Awards, the series, based on Orth's reporting, won seven Emmy Awards including Outstanding Limited Series, Outstanding Casting, and Outstanding Contemporary Costumes. Orth appeared onstage with the cast and producers to accept the award. The Hollywood Foreign Press Association honored the program with four Golden Globe nominations and two wins for Best Limited Series and Darren Criss won for Best Actor in a limited series.

Family and personal life
Orth lives in Washington, D.C. In 1983, she married the political journalist Tim Russert, whom she met at the 1980 Democratic National Convention. Their son, Luke Russert, who was born in August 1985, is a former NBC News correspondent.

Orth is the dedicatee of her friend Larry McMurtry's Pulitzer Prize-winning novel Lonesome Dove.

She has served on the Executive Board of the College of Letters and Sciences, University of California, Berkeley and been a Trustee of the University of California, Berkeley, Foundation since 2010. Orth has also served on the Boards of Internews and the National Council of Returned Peace Corps Volunteers.

Orth and her family have vacationed on Nantucket Island since 1993 where their neighbors included television personality Fred Rogers.

Orth is a supporter of the Peace Corps. For the 50th anniversary of the Peace Corps, she produced a series of video postcards celebrating the organization.

Philanthropy
Orth developed an interest in Colombia while a Peace Corps Volunteer in Medellin following college. While there, she built a school the community named for her: Escuela Marina Orth. In 2005, at the request of the Secretary of Education of Medellin, she founded two non-profit foundations: The Marina Orth Foundation, a 501c3 public charity in the United States, and Fundacion Marina Orth in Colombia. The Marina Orth Foundation serves 21 schools, and each K-5 primary school student their own laptop through the One Laptop Per Child program. The program emphasizes STEM, robotics, English and leadership. More than 13,000 students have been involved with the program. Computer coding is taught at the third-grade level and all students are taught robotics beginning in kindergarten. International volunteers help to teach English and organize extra-curricular activities. The foundation has sent the school's robotics teams to international competitions.

Books

 * Vulgar Favors: Andrew Cunanan, Gianni Versace and the Largest Failed Manhunt in U.S. History (1999)
 * The Importance of Being Famous: Behind the Scenes of the Celebrity-Industrial Complex  (2004)

Awards and honors

 * National Magazine Award for group coverage of the arts while at Newsweek (1973)
 * National Magazine Award nomination for her story in Vanity Fair on Arianna Huffington and Michael Huffington titled "Arianna's Virtual Candidate" (1994)
 * National Alumnae Achievement Award from the Kappa Kappa Gamma sorority (2006)
 * Emily Couric Women's Leadership Award, Charlottesville, Virginia (2012)
 * Order of San Carlos, Colombia's highest civilian honor for outstanding service from Colombian President Juan Manuel Santos (2015)
 * McCall-Pierpaoli Humanitarian of the Year Award from Refugees International (2015)
 * Distinguished Alumnus from the Cal Alumni Club of Washington D.C (2016)
 * Doctorate in Humane Letters from the University of San Francisco (2017)
 * Campanile Excellence in Achievement Award from the University of California at Berkeley (2021)

title: Maureen Orth