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List of Limerick people

This is a list of notable people who are from Limerick city or county, Ireland, or have strong associations with either.

Arts

 * G. E. M. Anscombe, English philosopher and theologian, born in Limerick
 * Kevin Barry, author, born in Limerick in 1969
 * Tomás de Bhaldraithe (1916–1996), Irish language scholar and lexicographer
 * David Noel Bourke, screenwriter and film director
 * Máire Bradshaw, poet and publisher
 * Vincent Browne, journalist and broadcaster
 * Mairead Buicke, opera singer
 * Jimmy Carr, comedian and writer
 * Denise Chaila, rapper
 * David Chambers, aka Blindboy Boatclub, satirist, musician, podcaster, author, and TV presenter
 * Tony Clarkin, actor of stage, television, radio, film; voice-over artist
 * Michael Curtin, author
 * Cliodhna Cussen, sculptor
 * Lawrence Doheny, writer, producer, director of Six Million Dollar Man and Magnum PI
 * Desmond FitzGerald, 29th Knight of Glin, President of the Irish Georgian Society
 * David Gleeson, writer and director of the feature films Cowboys & Angels and The Front Line
 * Richard Graves, theological scholar and author
 * Gerald Griffin (1803–1840), novelist, poet and playwright
 * Richard Harris, actor
 * Catherine Hayes, soprano
 * Mike Hogan, member of pop band The Cranberries
 * Noel Hogan, member of pop band The Cranberries
 * Celia Holman Lee, model agent and TV presenter
 * Richard D. James aka Aphex Twin, electronic musician
 * Charles Johnstone, novelist
 * Patrick Weston Joyce, historian, music-collector, onomastician, and lexicographer
 * Robert Dwyer Joyce, poet, song-writer, Fenian, and physician
 * Sean Keating, painter
 * Jon Kenny, member of D'unbelievables comedy duo; regular member of the Father Ted series
 * Emma Langford, folk singer-songwriter
 * Fergal Lawler, member of pop band The Cranberries
 * Gearóid Mac Eoin, academic whose studies have focused on aspects of Irish language, literature and history
 * Ciaran MacMathuna, broadcaster and musicologist
 * Alphie McCourt, author of A Long Stones Throw, Heartscald (The Soulswimmer, US title)
 * Frank McCourt, author of Angela's Ashes, 'Tis and Teacher Man
 * Malachy McCourt, actor and writer
 * Conor McNamara, sports commentator
 * Tyron Montgomery, Oscar-winning film director
 * Leanne Moore, singer and TV presenter
 * Ruth Negga, film and TV actress
 * Kate O'Brien, author
 * Emma O'Driscoll, member of pop band Six; television presenter
 * Críostóir Ó Floinn, poet and playwright
 * Daragh O'Malley, leading stage and TV actor, star of ITV's Sharpe TV series.
 * Dolores O'Riordan, member of pop band The Cranberries
 * Matthew Potter, author
 * Arthur Quinlan, local journalist formerly based at Shannon Airport for the Irish Times
 * Liam Redmond, stage, TV and film actor, active from the 1940s to the 1970s
 * The Rubberbandits, comedy hip-hop duo
 * Darren Shan, internationally published children's author
 * Sharon Slater, author
 * Constance Smith, Hollywood actress of the 1950s
 * Bill Whelan, Grammy Award-winning composer of Riverdance and many other works
 * Terry Wogan, presenter on BBC radio and television

Business

 * Sir Thomas Cleeve, founder and chairman of the Condensed Milk Company of Ireland, High Sheriff of Limerick city (1899, 1900, and 1908)
 * Patrick Collison, CEO of Stripe
 * JP McManus, businessman, entrepreneur and philanthropist

Science

 * Laurence Cussen, East India Company surveyor who triangulated the Auckland Province (1876), photographed Māori (1884) and published research in the colony of New Zealand.
 * William Henry Harvey, algae botanist, born Summerville, County Limerick
 * Lady Mary Heath, pioneering aviator who flew from Cape Town to London (1928) and set records for altitude in a light aircraft (1927). The first female to complete a mechanic qualification in the US, parachute from an aeroplane (1927) and have a commercial pilot licence in Britain (1927)
 * John Philip Holland, invented the submarine (1881).
 * Mary McCoy, Irish nurse who served during the American Civil War at the Battle of Fair Oaks and met President Lincoln.
 * Cliona O’Farrelly, immunologist at Trinity College Dublin
 * Sylvester O'Halloran, invented cataract surgery (1750)
 * Michael O'Shaughnessy, designed the San Francisco streetcar system (1927), the O'Shaughnessy Dam (1923) and the Hetch Hetchy Aqueduct (1923).
 * William Brooke O'Shaughnessy, early anaesthetist who introduced the therapeutic use of cannabis to Western medicine (1838), pioneered intravenous fluid therapy to treat cholera (1831) and established a telegraph system in India (1852).

Politics

 * Serena Armstrong-Jones, Countess of Snowdon, wife of the Earl of Snowdon, and member, by marriage, of the extended British Royal Family
 * James P. Boyd, businessman and politician in Ontario, Canada
 * Kathleen Clarke (1878-1972), First Lady Mayoress of Dublin, widow of Tom Clarke
 * Niall Collins, Irish politician
 * Stephen Coughlan (Labour), TD 1961–77; Mayor of Limerick 1951–52, 1969–70
 * Pat Cox, TD 1992–94; MEP 1989–2004; President of the European Parliament 2002–04
 * Éamon de Valera (Fianna Fáil), TD; Taoiseach; President of Ireland; raised in Bruree, County Limerick
 * Frances Fitzgerald
 * Michael D. Higgins, elected President of Ireland in 2011.
 * Jim Kemmy (Labour and Democratic Socialist Party), TD 1981–1982, 1987–1997; Mayor of Limerick 1991–92, 1995–96
 * Michael Lipper (Labour), TD 1977–81; Mayor of Limerick 1973–74
 * Michael Noonan (Fine Gael), TD 1981–present; former Leader of Fine Gael; Minister for Justice, Minister for Health
 * Dan Neville
 * Tom Neville
 * Willie O'Dea (Fianna Fáil), TD, 1982–present; Minister for Defence
 * Kieran O'Donnell
 * Desmond O'Malley (Fianna Fáil and Progressive Democrats), TD, 1968–2002; founder and Leader of the Progressive Democrats
 * Donogh O'Malley (Fianna Fáil), TD 1954–1968; Minister for Health and Minister for Education
 * Tim O'Malley (Progressive Democrats), TD 2002–2007, Minister of State for Health
 * Jan O'Sullivan (Labour), TD 1998–present; Mayor of Limerick 1993–94
 * Peter Power, TD for Limerick East (2002–2011), Overseas Development minister (2008–2011), born in Limerick
 * Patrick L. Quinlan (1883–1948), Irish-American radical journalist and political activist, born in Limerick

Sport

 * Tim Ahearne, athlete; Olympic gold medallist with Great Britain and Ireland – triple jump (1908)
 * Tom Aherne, soccer player; Limerick FC; Luton Town FC; Republic of Ireland (16 Caps)
 * Richie Bennis, hurler; Patrickswell; Limerick; 1 GAA All Stars Awards; 1 All-Ireland – 1973
 * Ciarán Carey, hurler; Patrickswell; Limerick; 3 GAA All Stars Awards;
 * Peter Clohessy, rugby player; Young Munster; Munster; Ireland (54 Caps)
 * Eamonn Cregan, hurler; Claughan; Limerick; 3 GAA All Stars Awards; 1 All-Ireland – 1973
 * Tim Cuneen, soccer player; Limerick FC; Coleraine FC; Republic of Ireland (1 Cap)
 * Sean Cusack, soccer player; Limerick FC; Republic of Ireland (1 Cap)
 * Keith Earls, rugby player; Young Munster; Munster; Ireland (65 Caps); British and Irish Lions
 * Leonard Enright, hurler; Patrickswell; Limerick; 3 GAA All Stars Awards
 * Connie Finnan, darts player; Garryowen; World Grand Prix Last 16: 2013
 * Steve Finnan, soccer player; Liverpool F.C.; Republic of Ireland (50 Caps)
 * Al Finucane, soccer player; Limerick FC; Waterford United FC; Republic of Ireland (11 Caps)
 * Kevin Fitzpatrick, soccer player; Limerick FC; Republic of Ireland (1 Cap)
 * John Flanagan, athlete; 3 time Olympic gold medallist with the US in the hammer throw (1900, 1904, 1908)
 * Jerry Flannery, rugby player; Shannon RFC; Munster; Ireland (21 Caps)
 * Anthony Foley, rugby player; Shannon RFC; Munster Rugby; Ireland (62 Caps); European Rugby Cup winning captain – Munster, 2006
 * Mark Foley, hurler; Adare; Limerick; 2 GAA All-Stars Awards
 * Seán Foley, hurler; Patrickswell; Limerick; 1 All-Ireland – 1973; 1 GAA All Stars Awards
 * Johnny Gavin, soccer player; Limerick FC; Norwich City FC; Tottenham Hotspur FC; Watford FC; Crystal Palace FC; Republic of Ireland (7 Caps)
 * Tommy Gaynor, soccer player; Limerick FC; Shamrock Rovers FC; Dundalk; Nottingham Forest; Millwall; Cork City; Bohemians; Athlone Town; Kilkenny City; PFAI Player of the Year 1984/85
 * Don Givens, soccer player; Irish international 1969–81
 * Eamonn Grimes, hurler; South Liberties; Limerick; 2 GAA All Stars Awards; All-Ireland winning captain 1973; Texaco Hurler of the Year, 1973
 * Pat Hartigan, hurler; South Liberties; Limerick; 1 All-Ireland – 1973; 5 GAA All Stars Awards
 * John Hayes, rugby player; Bruff RFC; Shannon RFC; Munster; Ireland (84 Caps)
 * Willie Hayes, soccer player; Limerick FC; Torquay United FC; Wrexham FC; Republic of Ireland (1 Cap)
 * Marcus Horan, rugby player; Shannon RFC; Munster; Ireland (56 Caps)
 * Mike Houlihan, hurler; Kilmallock; Limerick; 2 GAA All-Stars Awards
 * Des Kennedy, soccer player; Limerick FC; Galway United FC
 * Gary Kirby, hurler; Patrickswell; Limerick; 4 GAA All Stars Awards
 * Con Leahy, athlete, Olympic Medallist with Great Britain & Ireland – high jump silver (1908)
 * Patrick Leahy, athlete, Olympic Medallist with Great Britain & Ireland – high jump silver (1900), long jump bronze (1904)
 * Andy Lee, boxer; St. Francis' Boxing Club; European Amateur Boxing Championships – bronze (2002), silver (2004), WBO Middleweight Champion
 * Becky Lynch, professional wrestler; currently signed under WWE in the Raw brand
 * Sam Lynch, rower; St. Michael's Rowing Club; Ireland; World Champion Single Sculler 2000 & 2001
 * John Mackey, hurler; Ahane; Limerick; 3 All-Irelands – 1934, 1936 and 1940
 * Mick Mackey, hurler; Ahane; Limerick; 3 All-Irelands – 1934, 1936 and 1940; GAA Hurling Team of the Millennium
 * Ger McDonnell, mountaineer; first Irishman to summit K-2
 * Joe McKenna, hurler; South Liberties; Limerick; 1 All-Ireland – 1973; 6 GAA All Stars Awards
 * Conor Murray, rugby player; Munster; Ireland; British and Irish Lions
 * Conor Niland, tennis player; international professional tennis player
 * Jim O'Brien, hurler; Bruree; Limerick; 1 All-Ireland – 1973; 1 GAA All Stars Award
 * Paul O'Connell, rugby player; Young Munster; Munster; Ireland (52 Caps); British and Irish Lions; European Rugby Cup winning captain – Munster, 2008
 * William O'Connor, darts player; Cappamore; World Grand Prix Last 32: 2010, 2011, 2012, 2015
 * Liam O'Donoghue, hurler; Mungret; Limerick; 1 All-Ireland – 1973; 1 GAA All Stars Award
 * Frank O'Mara, athlete; World Indoor 3000m champion
 * Jackie Power, hurler; Ahane; Limerick; 2 All-Irelands – 1936 and 1940; All-Ireland winning manager 1973
 * Joe Quaid, hurler; Murroe-Boher; Limerick; 2 GAA All-Star Awards
 * Tommy Quaid, hurler; Feohanagh; Limerick; 1 GAA All Stars Awards
 * Patrick Ryan, athlete, Olympic gold medallist with the US in the hammer throw (1920)
 * Paddy Waldron, first-class cricketer
 * David Wallace, rugby player; Garryowen; Munster; Ireland (46 Caps); British and Irish Lions
 * Paul Wallace, rugby player; Garryowen; Saracens; Munster; Ireland (45 Caps); British and Irish Lions
 * Richard Wallace, rugby player; Garryowen; Munster; Ireland (29 Caps); British and Irish Lions
 * Johnny Walsh, soccer player; Limerick FC; Republic of Ireland (1 Cap)

Military

 * Walter Burke purser on HMS Victory, held Lord Nelson when he died (1736–1815)
 * Nathaniel Burslem, recipient of the Victoria Cross
 * Cornelius Colbert, Irish rebel and pioneer of Fianna Éireann
 * Michael Colivet, Irish rebel, Commandant of 1916 Rising in Limerick and first TD for Limerick in Dáil Éireann
 * Edward Daly, Commandant of 1916 Rising – Four Courts
 * John Danaher, recipient of the Victoria Cross
 * Tiede Herrema, Dutch businessman based in Limerick, abducted by the IRA in 1973
 * Peter Lacy, Russian Field Marshal
 * Sir Thomas Myles, surgeon, sailor, Home Ruler and gun-runner (1857–1937)
 * Michael O'Rourke, recipient of the Victoria Cross
 * Seán South, IRA volunteer killed on active service in 1957

Historical

 * Margaretta Eagar (1863-1936), governess to the last Russian Royal Family
 * Mary Jane Kelly (c. 1863-1888), Jack the Ripper victim
 * Rosina Bulwer Lytton (1802-1882), author
 * William Monsell, 1st Baron Emly (1812–1894), statesman and reformer
 * John T. Mullock (1807-1869), Roman Catholic bishop of St. John's, Newfoundland (1850–1869)
 * Mary O'Connell (1814-1897), nurse during the American Civil War.

Religion

 * Christine Frost (born 1937), Catholic religious sister
 * Mary Kostka Kirby (1863–1952), New Zealand catholic nun

title: List of Limerick people


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Johnny Tyldesley

John Thomas Tyldesley (22 November 1873 – 27 November 1930) was an English cricketer who played first-class cricket for Lancashire and Test cricket for England. He was a specialist professional batsman, usually third in the batting order, who rarely bowled and generally fielded in outfield positions.

Born at Worsley, Lancashire, Tyldesley began his first-class career with Lancashire in 1895 and was a regular player until the First World War began in August 1914. He played Test cricket from 1899 to 1909. Tyldesley served in the British Army during the war, attaining the rank of corporal, and then recommenced his Lancashire career in 1919. He effectively retired from first-class cricket at the end of that season but did make one further appearance in 1923. Through the 1920s, Tyldesley ran a sports goods shop on Deansgate in Manchester. He played for Lancashire Second XI for some years until the end of the 1926 season when he concentrated on coaching, remaining with Lancashire and running his business until he died, aged 57, at his home in Monton, Eccles, Lancashire.

Early years
Johnny Tyldesley was born at Roe Green, Worsley on 22 November 1873 and received his early training in Lancashire club cricket, described by Wisden Cricketers' Almanack as "a very stiff school". He played for the Worsley Cricket Club in 1892 and 1893 before joining the Lancashire Second XI in 1894. Wisden considered him "a well equipped batsman" when he made his first-class debut for Lancashire in 1895. Tyldesley was often formally referred to by his initials but was generally known as "Johnny" or as "John Tommy".

Lancashire : 1895 to 1898
Tyldesley made his first-class debut, also his County Championship debut, on 22 July 1895, playing for Lancashire against Gloucestershire in a drawn match at Old Trafford. Batting in the middle order, he scored 13 and 33 not out. In his second match for Lancashire, Tyldesley scored 152 not out with 17 fours and 1 six against Warwickshire on a rain-affected pitch at Edgbaston, enabling Lancashire to win by an innings and 54 runs. He played in ten first-class matches in 1895 and 17 in 1896. His innings at Edgbaston remained his only century in that period, though he scored six half-centuries in 1896 with a top score of 68.

Having been runners-up five times in the previous six seasons, Lancashire won their first official County Championship title in 1897. Tyldesley began the season with a run of indifferent scores and did not make a half-century until his fourteenth match, starting on 1 July at Old Trafford, when he scored 54 and 53 against Essex. He followed up with three successive centuries, scoring 106 and 100 not out in the same match against Warwickshire at Edgbaston and then 174, his highest score to date, against Sussex at Old Trafford. After that, his form lapsed again and, apart from one innings of 68 against Somerset at Old Trafford, he made low scores only, including four ducks, in the remainder of the season. He generally batted at number five for Lancashire in 1897. His season tally was 1,017 runs in 26 matches at the average of 30.81. He scored three centuries, three half-centuries and held 13 catches. He surpassed 1,000 runs in a season for the first time, going on to achieve the feat in each of nineteen successive seasons.

Tyldesley scored 1,918 runs in 1898 including his first double-century. He was invited to join Lord Hawke's tour of South Africa the following winter.

England tour of South Africa : 1898–99
Tyldesley played for England for the first time against South Africa in 1898–99. He hit a decisive 112 in one of the Tests.

Lancashire and England : 1899 to 1900

In 1899, Tyldesley played his first Ashes Tests at Trent Bridge and Lord's. He failed in these matches, but by this time was established as a top-class batsman with a superb range of strokes and wonderful footwork that made him effective even on pitches where the ball had considerable spin it did after rain in those days.

1901 season
In the 1901 season, Tyldesley scored 3,041 runs in first-class matches. As a result, he was selected as one of the Wisden Cricketers of the Year in the 1902 edition. Wisden commented that he would have done even better but for the unpredictable state of the Old Trafford pitch in the early part of the season.

England tour of Australia : 1901–02
Tyldesley was not at his best in the Tests.

Lancashire and England : 1902 to 1903
In 1902 his "superb" 138 in four and a half hours at Edgbaston was critical in placing England in a winning position. Almost twenty years later, Jessop remarked on the accuracy of his cutting.

For Lancashire his batting, regardless of the weather, was "consistently brilliant".

England tour of Australia : 1903–04
Tyldesley toured Australia in 1903–04 and, despite again not making a Test hundred, he played an outstanding innings on a "sticky wicket" in the second Test at the Melbourne Cricket Ground. He was dismissed for 97 in England's first innings when they totalled 315 over the first two days of the match. Rain caused the pitch to deteriorate badly on the third day and Australia were all out for 122, of which Victor Trumper scored 74. England struggled to 74/5 at the close with Tyldesley 48 not out. On the morning of the fourth day, he reached 62 before being dismissed with the England score at 90/8. England were all out for 103 and then dismissed Australia for 111 to win the match by 185 runs. England's captain Pelham Warner said of Tyldesley's 62 that "surely a better innings has never been played on a bad wicket".

Lancashire and England : 1904 to 1910

For the rest of the 1900s Tyldesley was, despite the emergence of Hobbs always in the forefront of English professional batting and seldom failed to be near the top of the batting averages, which he headed in the wet summer of 1910 with an average of 46. Though the 1905 Ashes series was his most successful with two centuries, from the following year Tyldesley gradually dropped out of the representative scene, playing his last Test in 1909. However, in 1906 against that year County Champions, Kent, Tyldesley made his highest score of 295 not out and would certainly have made a triple hundred had he not ran out of partners. With Reggie Spooner rarely available owing to business calls between 1907 and 1910, and Archie MacLaren declining, Lancashire were much too dependent upon Tyldesley to make a respectable score and he played superbly especially when one considers the fire in Old Trafford pitches in fine weather at that time.

Lancashire : 1911 to 1919
For Lancashire he remained a potent force right up to the outbreak of World War I and, in 1919, he made 272 against Derbyshire.

Tyldesley served in the British Army during the war and attained the rank of corporal.

Style and technique
According to Neville Cardus, Tyldesley was one of the greatest of Lancashire batsmen. Cardus agreed with Wisden that Tyldesley was exceptionally quick on his feet and therefore always seemed to have plenty of time in which to play his strokes. Tyldesley was very strong, despite his small size, with quick reflexes and great flexibility in his wrists which assisted both his strokeplay and, when fielding, his throwing. He was especially noted as a batsman for his mastery of the square cut and his fighting qualities in difficult conditions; he played many noted innings on bad wickets.

Tyldesley was an outstanding fielder who specialised in deep positions, mostly at third man or deep long on, and was noted for his speed and ability to quickly gather and accurately return the ball. A. A. Thomson gave the view that Tyldesley and David Denton were the two best outfielders in England.

There is an oil painting by Albert Chevallier Tayler of a match at the St Lawrence Ground, Canterbury in August 1906, the season in which Kent won their first official County Championship title. The painting shows Colin Blythe, the pavilion behind him, bowling to Tyldesley who has his back to the artist. Tyldesley is depicted as very still, even though delivery is imminent, with an orthodox stance. Kent won the match by an innings and 195 runs, Tyldesley scoring 19 and 4.

Coaching
At the end of the 1919 season, Tyldesley retired to concentrate on his business but also took a coaching post with Lancashire. He played one match as Lancashire's first professional captain in 1923 but by then his health was declining. As cricket coach he played a major role in Lancashire's County Championship successes in the late 1920s. Lancashire won the County Championship twice (1897 and 1904) during Tyldesley's playing career. While he was coaching, they won the title four times in five seasons from 1926 to 1930, finishing second in 1929.

Family and business
A. A. Thomson described Tyldesley as a "skilled, intelligent, well-mannered artisan" who was kindly, studious and without malice. On long journeys, while his colleagues played cards, Tyldesley would read a book. He was a family man with wife Rachel Jane, son Arnold Clifford and daughter Edith Eleanor. Like some other cricket professionals including Jack Hobbs and Herbert Sutcliffe, Tyldesley went into the sports goods business and opened a shop on Deansgate in central Manchester which he ran through the 1920s. He had been granted a benefit match by Lancashire, against Yorkshire at Old Trafford in 1906, which realised a profit of £3,105.

Wisden recorded in Tyldesley's obituary that he had been in weak health for some years. He died at his home in Monton on the morning of 27 November 1930 after he collapsed whilst putting on his boots before going to work at his shop on Deansgate. He was buried at Worsley Parish Church, his wife and children eventually being laid to rest in the same grave.

His younger brother Ernest Tyldesley (1889–1962), who was a top-class batsman for Lancashire and played in 14 Tests for England, remains Lancashire's most prolific run-getter of all time.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Johnny Tyldesley


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1977–78 WHA season

The 1977–78 WHA season was the sixth season of the World Hockey Association (WHA). Eight teams played 80 games each. The Avco World Trophy winner was the Winnipeg Jets.

League business
With a reduction of three teams from the end of the previous season (the San Diego Mariners, Phoenix Roadrunners, and Calgary Cowboys folded), the WHA abandoned its divisional format and grouped the remaining eight teams together. There had been a tentative merger agreement that would have had Cincinnati, Houston, New England, Winnipeg, Quebec, and Edmonton join the NHL but it could not be finalized.

In a unique move, two international All-Star teams, the Soviet All-Stars and Czechoslovakia All-Stars, played games that counted in the regular season standings. They played each WHA team once, on the WHA team's home ice. The Soviet team acquitted themselves well, winning three plus two additional games against WHA teams outside the regular standings, tying one and losing the other four; while the Czechoslovakian team only won once and tied once, losing six. This is the first time International teams competed in regular season competition in a major professional sports league in North America; those two teams as well as a Finnish team would come back to play the WHA teams the next year.

The best six teams qualified for the playoffs. However, instead of the standard schedule for a six-team playoff (i.e., giving the first and second place teams byes into the semifinals, with the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth place teams opening in the quarterfinals), the WHA came up with a unique twist. There were three quarterfinal series instead of two, with the teams paired top to bottom (i.e., 1st vs. 6th, 2nd vs. 5th, 3rd vs. 4th). The highest-seeded quarterfinal winner then received a semifinal bye and advanced directly to the finals, while the remaining two quarterfinal series winners played off in a single semifinal. All series were best four-out-of-seven games.

Regular season
The Howe family of Gordie and his sons Mark and Marty moved to the New England Whalers from the Houston Aeros. The trio helped the Whalers to the Avco Cup final.

Scoring leaders
Bolded numbers indicate season leaders

GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; PIM = Penalty minutes

Leading goaltenders
Bolded numbers indicate season leaders

GP = Games played; Min = Minutes played; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties, GA = Goals against; GA = Goals against; SO = Shutouts; SV% = Save percentage; GAA = Goals against average

All-Star Game
The 1978 WHA All-Star game pitted the defending champion Quebec Nordiques against the stars from the remaining WHA teams. The game was played on 17 January 1978, in Quebec City, and attracted 6,413 spectators. The Nordiques, coached by Marc Boileau, won the game 5–4. Marc Tardif and Mark Howe were named the players of the game.

Quarterfinals
New England Whalers 4, Edmonton Oilers 1

Quebec Nordiques 4, Houston Aeros 2

Winnipeg Jets 4, Birmingham Bulls 1

Semifinals
The top ranked quarterfinal winner (Winnipeg) received a bye into the finals. New England Whalers 4, Quebec Nordiques 1

Avco Cup Finals
Winnipeg Jets 4, New England Whalers 0

title: 1977–78 WHA season


text:
Talk:Douglas Mawson

Untitled
I think this page needs more detailed information.. especially on his knighthood and his expeditions. You Should Tell us More About Mawson!! Bold textWhen and were did he (Sir Douglas mawson) die ??????

 * Feel free to add it. - Diceman 13:48, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

Additional Information about 1911-13 Expedition
The current entry does not do justice to the remarkable survival of Mawson and the hardships he faced.

Mawson's party set out on 5 November 1912.

Ninnis fell into the crevasse on 14 December, some 320 miles from the Main Base.

Because most of their provisions were lost, Mawson and Mertz had to resort to eating the livers of the Greenland huskies. As a result, both suffered a toxic overdose Vitamin A. It was this that caused the death of Mertz and rapid deterioration in Mawson's physical condition. (When Mawson died in 1958, he was unaware of this factor.)

Mertz died on 9 January, about 100 miles from Main Base.

Mawson was confined to his tent for another three days because of severe weather. By this stage he had to ration himself to 8 ounces of food per day allowing for 20 days subsistence.

A search party set out on 25 January but failed to find Mawson. On 28 January they built a cairn and left provisions.

On the afternoon of 28 January, about 5 hours later, Mawson discovered the cairn.

Mawson continued for another three days before reaching an ice-hole called Aladdin's Cave, which the explorers used as a camp. More bad weather forced him to spend another 7 nights at this camp.

He made it back to the main camp on 8 February. The ship, Aurora, had been unable to wait and had left six hours before, leaving a volunteer party to stay behind in case there were any survivors. The Aurora returned on 10 February but was unable to pick up Mawson and the party, who then had to stay at Commonwealth Bay until mid-December 1913.

--MUpcher 14:36, 10 May 2006 (UTC)

Information
This page needs a serious addition of information. As previously mentioned, there is nothing of his most notable expidition and NOTHING ABOUT HOW HE DISCOVERED URANIUM!!! This is shocking, and is a true insult to Wikipedia's reliability. --Will James 07:50, 13 September 2006 (UTC)

P.S. Mawson died back home of vitamin A poisoning that he got from eating his Huskeys due to a lack of food. One of his partners died of this too.

 * Thank you for your suggestion! When you feel an article needs improvement, please feel free to make those changes. Wikipedia is a wiki, so anyone can edit almost any article by simply following the  link at the top. You don't even need to log in (although there are many reasons why you might want to).  The Wikipedia community encourages you to be bold in updating pages. Don't worry too much about making honest mistakes — they're likely to be found and corrected quickly. If you're not sure how editing works, check out how to edit a page, or use the sandbox to try out your editing skills.  New contributors are always welcome. -- Chuq 08:02, 13 September 2006 (UTC)

Cannibalism?
I read somewhere that there were suspicions that Mawson survived mainly because he ate Mertz's body after his death. Has anyone else seen or heard anything about this and can they be documented? Dabbler 17:09, 31 October 2007 (UTC) Malicious rumour only, he carefully buried Metz in a cairn of stones and left after 3 days. He would not have preserved body if it was evidence of canibalism and his delay was understandably due to greif not eating corpse.

 * This is still being debated. Mawson was smart enough to know that eating Mertz would have been risky because he did not know what Mertz had died of. On the other hand, eating dog livers was a big enough risk. Have a look at this: http://www.abc.net.au/pm/content/2008/s2576375.htm Flanker235 (talk) 23:55, 23 October 2013 (UTC)

Birthplace
Chambers Biographical Dictionary (published in Edinburgh, 1990) says he was born in Bradford; the online Australian Dictionary of Biography says Shipley. They are near to each other and both in Yorkshire, England - but which is correct? NinetyCharacters (talk) 06:30, 25 September 2008 (UTC)

 * http://www.mawson.sa.gov.au/hisparents.htm says: Robert Mawson and Margaret Ann (nee Moor) married in 1879. They met while Robert was on a holiday in the Isle of Man, where Margaret lived. Her home town of Douglas gave its name to young Douglas, their son, born on 5 May 1882, in Shipley, Yorkshire, England. (http://www.mawson.sa.gov.au/timeline.htm seems quite comprehensive.)
 * Also, his wife ought to know - Mawson, Paquita, Mawson of the Antarctic : the Life of Sir Douglas Mawson, F.R.S., O.B.E., Longmans, London, 1964. (http://nla.gov.au/anbd.bib-an648636) - it shouldn't be too hard to find a copy of her book, but I expect I won't be able to do it until next week.
 * Cheers--Pdfpdf (talk) 11:17, 25 September 2008 (UTC)

Thanks for prompt response. Shipley & Bradford are today more or less merged into one - S is within the City of B - but in 1882 they would have been separate entities. On Ancestry.co.uk his birth is *registered* in Bradford, but it might well have occurred in Shipley. (population of Shipley in an 1882 Gazetteer I have was 11,757, so it may/may not have had its own place for registering a birth). Ideally we need the exact birth address. Please could you also check that he died in Brighton, *South Australia* - I assumed, almost certain wrongly, that it was Brighton, Vic - in fact, I've already "corrected" it. NinetyCharacters (talk) 12:53, 25 September 2008 (UTC)

Frozen in time: Douglas Mawson's Antarctic base – in pictures
. Martinevans123 (talk) 21:41, 30 December 2013 (UTC)

Denise Carrington-Smith's hypothesis
I removed the following paragraph:

"Another theory has suggested the reason he suffered worse was because he had been a vegetarian. A 2005 article in The Medical Journal of Australia by Denise Carrington-Smith, noting that Mertz was essentially a vegetarian, suggested that the sudden change to a predominantly meat diet could have triggered Mertz's illness. Combined with 'the psychological stresses related to the death of a close friend [Ninnis] and the deaths of the dogs he had cared for, as well as the need to kill and eat his remaining dogs,' this may have killed Mertz."

which is from the following reference:

Carrington-Smith is a questionable source (a homeopath rather than a scientist or doctor) and as far as I can see no historian or medical expert has taken her article seriously. Therefore, her hypothesis probably doesn't merit being included in the main article -- a footnote at best! --Levana Taylor (talk) 00:43, 31 May 2014 (UTC)

 * Support. Thank you,.
 * With kind regards,
 * Patrick. ツ Pdebee.(talk)(guestbook) 07:23, 14 September 2016 (UTC)

Oppose The article appeared in The Medical Journal of Australia, the official journal of the Australian Medical Association, which is peer-reviewed, so it can't just be dismissed as a fringe theory. Bahudhara (talk) 00:38, 15 September 2016 (UTC)
 * Just because something is in a journal doesn't make it significant. Where is the evidence that anyone else took it seriously? The Drover's Wife (talk) 01:08, 15 September 2016 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Douglas Mawson


text:
User:Lyzzy

 * de:Benutzer:Lyzzy
 * de:Benutzer_Diskussion:Lyzzy

title: User:Lyzzy


text:
List of Australia Twenty20 International cricketers

Since their first match in 2005, 108 players have represented Australia in Twenty20 Internationals. A Twenty20 International is an international cricket match between two representative teams, as determined by the International Cricket Council (ICC). A Twenty20 International is played under the rules of Twenty20 cricket. The list is arranged in the order in which each player won his first Twenty20 cap. Where more than one player won his first Twenty20 cap in the same match, those players are listed alphabetically by surname.

Australia played against New Zealand in the first ever Twenty20 International.

Players
Statistics are correct as of 24 June 2024.


text:
David Bowen

David Bowen may refer to:

 * Dave Bowen (1928–1995), Welsh football (soccer) player
 * Dave Bowen (Australian footballer) (1886–1946), Australian rules footballer
 * David Bowen (cricketer) (born 1971), English cricketer
 * David Bowen (pathologist) (1924–2011), Welsh pathologist
 * David Bowen (Wisconsin politician) (born 1987), member of the Wisconsin State Assembly
 * David James Bowen (1925–2017), Welsh scholar
 * David John Bowen (1891–1912), Welsh boxer
 * David Glyn Bowen (1933–2000), Welsh Congregationalist minister and missionary
 * David R. Bowen (born 1932), U.S. Representative from Mississippi
 * David Bowen, Felinfoel (1774–1853), Welsh Baptist minister

title: David Bowen


text:
Bewitched (disambiguation)

Bewitched is an American television sitcom.

Bewitched may also refer to:

Film and video games

 * Bewitched (1945 film), a film noir by Arch Oboler
 * Bewitched (2005 film), comedy based on remaking the sitcom
 * Bewitched (video game), a game for the VIC-20 by Imagine Software

Literature

 * The Bewitched, an 1852 novel by Jules Barbey d'Aurevilly

Artists

 * Bewitched (American band), a band led by former Sonic Youth drummer Bob Bert
 * B*Witched, an Irish girl group

Albums

 * B*Witched (album), a 1998 album by the group
 * Bewitched (Laufey album), a 2023 album by Laufey
 * Bewitched (Luna album), a 1994 album by Luna
 * Bewitched (EP), a 1985 EP by Look Blue Go Purple
 * Bewitched, a 1984 album by Andy Summers and Robert Fripp
 * Bewitched – Music from the Motion Picture by George Fenton (2005)
 * Bewitched, a 1993 album by Laura Fygi

Songs

 * "Bewitched, Bothered and Bewildered", also "Bewitched", a 1941 song by Rodgers and Hart
 * "Bewitched", a song by Candlemass from Nightfall
 * "Bewitched", a song by White Town from Socialism, Sexism & Sexuality

title: Bewitched (disambiguation)


text:
Bihor Mountains

Bihor Mountains (Munții Bihorului, Bihar-hegység) is a mountain range in western Romania. It is part of the Apuseni Mountains, which are part of the Carpathian Mountains.

The massif has a length of 25 km from the northwest to the southeast and a width of 14 km. It is located east of the town Ștei, Bihor County and north of the town of Brad, Hunedoara County.

The highest peak is Cucurbăta Mare, with an elevation of 1,849 m; this also the highest peak of the Apuseni Mountains. Other high peaks are Buteasa (1,790 m), Cârligatele (1,694 m), Piatra Grăitoare (1,658 m), and Bohodei (1,654 m).

The Vlădeasa Massif is a volcanic range extension of the Bihor Mountains to the north, reaching a maximum height of 1,836 m.

title: Bihor Mountains


text:
Shmemis

Shmemis (قلعة شميميس) also ash-Shmemis, ash-Shmamis) is a Syrian castle located 3 km north west of Salamiyah and 30 km south east from Hama.

History
The castle (Qalat Shmamis) was first built, on top of an extinct volcano, in the 1st century BC by Sampsiceramus I, the first Priest King of the Royal family of Emesa. Most of the original structure was subsequently destroyed by an earthquake. It was later destroyed by the Persian king Khosrau II in AD 613. It was rebuilt in AD 1229 by Assad ud-Din Shirkoh, an Ayyubid governor of Homs. The castle was rebuilt by the Ayyubid Cherkouh. The date of this reconstruction was set by Abu Fida in 626 e (1228), while Muhammad Kurd Ali in his book "al-Sham Plans" fixed the 627th (1229). However, the Mongols destroyed it in 1260 and then by the Tatars in 1401. It was rebuilt after the expulsion of the Mongols and Tatars from Syria. The castle today is in ruins with only walls partially preserved.

This castle was built on a basaltic layer covering a conical top of the mountain. This summit is surrounded by a moat 15 m depth, and provides a very deep well to meet the water needs for the castle, and another well for supplies. The walls of the latter well were covered with a layer of lime and sludge. The castle housed the royal palace, as well as foundations for housing soldiers. The importance of this castle is due to its location which allows to observe a circular area of more than 50 km in diameter.

title: Shmemis


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Hunkmania

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. HappyCamper 13:19, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

Hunkmania
I wish commercial products such as this could be speedied.

lots of issues | leave me a message 14:13, 21 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete --Cheese Sandwich 14:41, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Spam.  I've removed the urls. —Cryptic (talk) 14:57, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete walks, talks and sqwarks like badvertising. Alf 15:33, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, ad. Pavel Vozenilek 19:43, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Little League Volunteer Stadium

Little League Volunteer Stadium is a baseball stadium in South Williamsport, Pennsylvania. Along with Howard J. Lamade Stadium, it annually hosts the Little League World Series, one of the few sports events where children 12 years old and younger take the center stage.

Volunteer Stadium was built starting in 2000 to accommodate the growth of the Little League World Series, and was completed in 2001. Its seating capacity is 3,000. The stadium is comparable in seating capacity to Lamade Stadium but with far less standing room; the berms surrounding the stadium are much smaller, limiting potential attendance to 5,000 spectators, as opposed to the over 40,000 that can be accommodated at Lamade Stadium. Volunteer Stadium is used for double-elimination pool play only. All elimination games and consolation games are played at Lamade Stadium.

In 2006, the home run distance was increased by 20 ft, from 205 ft to 225 ft, to all fields; the outfield wall forms one-fourth of a true circle.

title: Little League Volunteer Stadium


text:
User:Orcaborealis

Norwegian. Orcaborealis I have been contributing to Wikipedia for many years now. My interests are mainly in geography, climate, history, military relateted matters, geopolitics and botany. My contributions are mostly to be found in the English Wikipedia.

title: User:Orcaborealis


text:
Talk:CanJet

Destinations
Destinations are not date referenced ie it is not clear when they are valid. The domestic destinations do not reflect January 2005 data from Flight International. Needs to be updated and date referenced. Ardfern 14:18, 21 August 2005 (UTC)

Date of Suspension
It is Sept 10, as the press release linked to the article states. WestJet 17:42, 8 September 2006 (UTC)

Post-suspension
I'm removing/rewording some facts - surely the airline doesn't employ 448 people now that it's just a charter service? Geoff NoNick 12:25, 3 October 2006 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:CanJet


text:
Wikipedia:Proposed update of MediaWiki:Tagline/Archive01

Archive DO NOT EDIT

= From Village pump (policy) =

Wikipedia disclaimer
I was very surprised to learn recently that wikipedia was NOT an encyclopedia like those we are all used to using. Most people will not check for your disclaimers before looking for information, and they presume that what they find are well-researched facts. I only discovered this myself when I came across some information listed for a topic that was clearly opinion and was, in fact, gossip. You are therefore responsible for contributing to the spread of gossip and false data. Despite your disclaimer, you ARE presenting yourself as an ecyclopedia website, knowing that people will be deceived.

The very least that you can do is to have a heading on EACH page that appears, which says, "Wikipedia Makes No Guarantee of Validity." It would also be more correct of you, and certainly more ethical, if you called yourself, "Wikipedia, the user-created encyclopedia."

Linda Estabrook User talk:66.159.201.20 11:54, 2005 July 15

RESPONSE: Linda, would you cite the article that contains opinion and needs clean-up? We are collecting examples to support a proposal to make a disclaimer more evident at Wikipedia:Proposed_update_of_MediaWiki:Tagline Thank you for your help! -- Sitearm | Talk 13:22, 2005 August 8 (UTC)

 * "Real" encyclopedias disclaim accuracy, too. The three leading competing online encyclopedias have disclaimers and provide no warranty as to their accuracy - Britannica, Encarta and Bartleby. Sometimes the staff of those encyclopedias forget about the disclaimers. - Replies to common objections

 * We really should make it a teeny bit more obvious, though, for newcomers. Add a "written by users like you!" at the top of the page or something.  I am all about Eventualism and the convergence of the wiki towards Absolute Truth, but we aren't at Eventually yet, and vandalism and hearsay mean newcomers should check references and article history before believing everything.  We are, most of the time, a much better source than half the crap floating around the internet, but some of our articles are far below the quality of a "real" encyclopedia (that wouldn't have any information on that subject at all).

 * That said, you should always check references for important things, even for stuff that's in paper encyclopedias, as they have errors, too. - Omegatron 17:10, July 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * You'd be surprised how many errors are present in the common text books too. David D. 21:57, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

A newcomer's response. While objecting to the escalation from, "I found one item of gossip" to "you are deceiving the world", I have been surprised by the ubiquity of wiki hits on Google. Since so many more people will now be accessing wiki material, perhaps Estabrook is correct in advocating a little navel gazing. Megatron's defence that wiki is a better class of crap than that served up by other internet sources is hardly reassuring and we should all recognise that most users will never trouble themselves to check the references against the possibility of vandalism. So perhaps the answer is that there should be a roving commission to survey material and, when it finds articles that are sound, it should lock them. If a future editor believes any of the locked articles to require revision, let that be argued before editorial access is allowed. In this way, there is a slow accretion of core material that can justify the label of encyclopedia. Peripheral and evanescent material can be allowed to come and go as fashions change, with or without warning notices. -David91 18:01, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Good luck. People come up with proposals like this all the time, and probably a lot of people like them, but it will take a lot of work to get any kind of consensus to change something so fundamental to the idea of wiki.  Much more realistic is to at least acknowledge in an obvious place that the pedia is user-written, and that only some of those users are experts. - Omegatron 21:39, July 15, 2005 (UTC)

 * I came across many incorrect statements in the biology related pages. This was brought to my attention by students using it as source material. I agree there needs to be a stronger disclaimer on these pages.  Some of the mistakes are subtle but some 'facts' are just wrong.  Given how many online reference sources are harvesting wikipedia information it is scary to think how much misinformation may be out there on the internet.  I do not think this means wikipedia is bad.  It has huge potential and corrections will eventually get the quality up to scratch.  But given the fact that there is wheat and chaff on these pages a disclaimer is warranted.  David D. 18:41, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Please, when you come across these, either correct them or at least make a note on the relevant talk page. -- Jmabel | Talk 05:55, July 16, 2005 (UTC)

 * See? When we read the Wikipedia we don't assume that everything is correct.  We are both reading to learn and reading to edit, constantly on the lookout for things that might be wrong or vandalism or need cleanup.  We approach all content with healthy skepticism.  If we don't approach the Wikipedia as a completely authoritative source of information, we need to make sure newcomers don't approach it that way and then blame us for deceiving them and never come back.
 * See MediaWiki_talk:Tagline - Omegatron 17:38, July 16, 2005 (UTC)

But, on two occasions, when I attempted to change pages (in my opinion for the better) I was met with hostility and abuse. I rapidly withdrew. Those pages remain unacceptable (in my opinion). So, please, let us not assume that placing warning messages as headers will resolve inherent behavioural and content problems. -David91 07:11, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Then there would seem to be controversy regarding the article. Could you specifically tell us which pages these were (perhaps also linking to your edits in the history). I'll look into this. — Ambush Commander (Talk) 19:31, July 17, 2005 (UTC)

I am not touting for a campaign of "Be nice to the old guy." Everywhere, I see reports of edit wars, sometimes over really meaningful issues such as what to call English counties or disputes over puncutation which get blown out of proportion by those with a non-consensual approach to life. "Looking into my editing history" is not going to add significantly to a pattern of behaviour that is well-documented and clearly inhibiting the growth of encyclopedic standards. The reason why I have not become involved in comparable disputes is that, at the first sign of abuse, I walk away. A plague on the causes of all those who will not iterate through reasonable debate towards some generally accepted point of view. -David91 05:47, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

I believe that Wikipedia should include some type of disclaimer on every article page. I really like Wikipedia and try to contribute when I can. However, as a person involved in research, I would not advocate using Wikipedia per se as a reference; but, I would certainly recommend starting with Wikipedia in performing research. Wikipedia is a wonderful resource with many advantages over traditional reference works. Wikipedia is also very up-front about how it is created and its limitations. Unfortunately, most people will not realize the difference between Wikipedia and a traditional encyclopedia. Of course, no matter what you do, there will always be a few people who don't read the disclaimer. That said, I think it would be good to include a disclaimer anyway so that the majority of readers will get the idea. --Wyatts 18:19, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

Besides Wikipedia having an (existing) overall disclaimer, each contributer (including me) should have a disclaimer on her contribution to an article, and each article should have a disclaimer acknowledging where information may have other interpretations (e.g., scientific principles, evaluations of an artist's work quality and "themes", etc.). My son reads Wikipedia a LOT to study science and math and this led me to get an account. Fortunately he knows you can't believe everything you read on the internet. Fortunately many of the articles list references so that information can be checked. I have discovered inaccuracies (e.g., ranking of largest ports in the world out of date). To be rigorous you have to look stuff up and compare, which process Wikipedia helps. But Wikipedia certainly is not a definitive authority on any of its articles. Nor is any other encyclopedia or online references.

So it's caveat lector!

Sitearm 03:37, 29 July 2005 (UTC)

No encyclopedia is perfectly accurate, of course. I am not suggesting that Wikipedia needs a disclaimer because it is somehow not as good as other encyclopedias. (I believe Wikipedia is superior is many ways.) Instead, I am suggesting that Wikipedia needs a disclaimer because it is different from traditional encyclopedias. I think the disclaimer should inform people of the difference, not be an apology for any inaccuracies (since all encyclopedias have inaccuracies.) Articles published in traditional encyclopedias represent the "official" output of the organization, and have gone through some kind of formal review for accuracy and style. This does not guarantee perfection, but readers know that the publisher has made some attempt to utilize knowledgeable experts, carefully reviews any changes/updates, and stands behind its work. People quickly learn which publishers do this well (or not) and hence establish the reputation of the publisher. People can then confidently reference such traditional encyclopedias in their research. Wikipedia is different. Articles can be written by anyone, editors are not selected according to their credentials, articles can be changed often, and there is no formal approval process. On the other hand, Wikipedia relies on collaboration to improve the accuracy of articles (which is generally very good), content is more relevant and up-to-date, there is tremendous breadth, and it's free. I might not reference Wikipedia directly, but I would certainly start there for research. So, with all that said, if there is ever going to be a disclaimer, then we need to start throwing out suggestions. It should be fairly short and emphasize the difference in Wikipedia, not an out for any inaccuracies. Here is something to chew on:
 * "All Wikipedia articles are user-provided in a collaborative effort and not subject to formal approval for content or accuracy."

I'm sure this could be improved (in a collaborative manner.) --Wyatts 22:10, 2 August 2005 (UTC)

Well, I found the General disclaimer, and it is blunt and comprehensive. No doubt here: "Wikipedia Makes No Guarantee Of Validity." So that leaves saying something about why Wikipedia is special and why it's a good encyclopedia to use (Why Wikipedia is so great) or saying nothing at all and letting the work and its use speak for themselves. I'm sure this disclaimer issue will come up in the near future, say, when someone blames something on an article read here. The short disclaimer suggested by Wyatts is a good size to put on every page (is that what we're aiming for?), but its gist is covered in the existing full-size disclaimer page. How about "caveat lector et scriptor" ("let the reader and writer be cautious") to keep it short and add class? Hey, it might just work. Sitearm 06:23, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

 * May I politely disagree with your suggestion to use Latin? Many elementary and high-school students who use the Wikipedia do not speak Latin. The same would be true for some nonnative speakers of English. --Mamawrites 11:44, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

 * The General disclaimer certainly seems to cover everything, but, as noted by Sitearm, I am suggesting something short that could go on every page. After looking hard, I did in fact see that the general disclaimer link is at the bottom of every page, but few will actually notice this and fewer still check it out. The line at the top of every article that says, "From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia", might be a good place. Maybe something like:
 * "From Wikipedia, the free encyclopdia. All articles are user-provided in a collaborative effort and not subject to formal approval for content or accuracy. See disclaimer details."
 * --Wyatts 16:57, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

Mamawrites, I am OK with not using the Latin. It's a play on "caveat emptor" ("buyer beware"), but yes, it would just confuse things. Main point is, I agree with Wyatts to put something at the top of every page in addition to the tiny disclaimer link at the bottom. I feel uneasy at the statement about "not subject to formal approval..." and it's covered in the full page anyway. How about:
 * "From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. All articles are user-provided in a collaborative effort. See disclaimer details."

Sitearm 06:56, 4 August 2005 (UTC) P.S. How do we submit what we agree on as a proposal to be added?

Although I wanted something about "not subject to formal approval", I must admit that it sounds too negative, and I could not find a good way to word it. I agree with the version from Mamawrites:
 * "From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. All articles are user-provided in a collaborative effort. See disclaimer details."

It has the following points in its favor: It is short enough to include at the top of every page; it emphasizes the difference between Wikipedia and traditional encyclopedias; it is a positive statement; it provides enough information to inform the user that the articles are not formally vetted; and it puts the link to the full disclaimer in a prominent place where people are more likely to check it out. As to how to submit, I looked at How to create policy. The more I look, the more it seems that this discussion should be transferred to Village Pump (proposals). A policy is more like what to do in certain situations. This is a specific proposal to modify the general article template (but not a bug). But, even if it is moved, I'm not sure how to get it out of the proposal stage to be implemented. Perhaps we can set up a separate page like Disclaimer proposal? I think we will need to recruit one or more administrators to eventually set up a vote and then get it to those who can actually implement the change. --Wyatts 14:25, 4 August 2005 (UTC)
 * oops, I didn't coin that suggestion; Sitearm did. I support it, though! Mamawrites 22:09, 6 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes, let's add that disclaimer proposal page and link to it in the village pump proposals section. Your last paragraph is an excellent summary of the proposal and benefits. Would you be willing to start the page with your material? That would cover summarizing the proposal and the "for" reasons / benefits for doing it, for others to comment further. Things I can think of to add to the proposal page about why NOT to do this are: it takes extra space at the top of a page (probably a 2nd line); it takes some programmer time to edit a template to change this. This will give an "against" section for others to comment further. (P.S. It was me with the revised version of your version. Sorry for the confusion about addressing Mamawrites at the start of the paragraph.) Sitearm 16:09, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I changed the tagline to:
 * From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia that anyone can edit.
 * the other day, and it was reverted pretty quickly (of course). Go talk on Mediawiki talk:tagline if you think it should be changed.  I think it should be changed. - Omegatron 19:23, August 4, 2005 (UTC)

I made a new proposal page at Proposed update of MediaWiki:Tagline and posted notices here and here. -- Sitearm | Talk 04:29, 2005 August 5 (UTC)

That looks like a good way to go. I'll start posting discussion at Proposed update of MediaWiki:Tagline. --Wyatts 17:01, 5 August 2005 (UTC)

The primary proposal has been updated. Contributer's comments and support still requested here. -- Sitearm | Talk 19:48, 2005 August 11 (UTC)

Thoughts on tagline/disclaimer/whatever
I think there are issues behind the tagline discussion that need some closer examination. My comments are rather lengthy, and so I have deviated from the usual procedure and created a separate subsection for them. I hope no one is too terribly offended. (By the way, there seem to be many discussions on this topic. If there is a better place for my comments, could someone please point me to it. — Nowhither)

I note that people are speaking in terms of a "disclaimer". Disclaimers are legal devices. The idea is to cut through the PR nonsense and (using legal nonsense) indicate precisely what is being claimed. Usually contractual issues and protection from lawsuits are the relevant concerns. I think this is an issue for Wikipedia, and it needs some serious thought; however, this does not seem to be what is driving this discussion.

What is driving the discussion is the problem that people come to Wikipedia, read it, use it, maybe even edit it, without a clear understanding of what it is. Some of them end up using information from Wikipedia in inappropriate ways due to these misunderstandings. Others, when they discover what Wikipedia really is, feel deceived and angry. Others get angry due to their misunderstandings. Quite rightly, we want to address these issues.

So, first, I want to point out that we cannot be responsible for other people's actions. Many, many people are in the habit of grabbing some source, getting info from it, and leaving, without considering reliability or other important issues. Many of these people use Wikipedia. What can we do about them? Nothing. If someone does not want to give any thought to the source of his information, then all the explanatory text in the world will not help. Let us remember then, that some things are the reader's responsibility, not ours.

Second, Wikipedia is a new thing; the world has never seen its like before. We call it an "encyclopedia", and it is, I suppose. However, it is clear that many ideas that people associate with encyclopedias are not applicable to Wikipedia. But there is no word or phrase in any language that will concisely and thoroughly indicate to newcomers what Wikipedia is. So: how can we quickly give people a clear understanding of all the principles and process behind Wikipedia? We cannot. It is a waste of time to try.

Third, there is an annoying tradition, especially in the U.S., that every time there is an issue with some product, we tack on a notice in its documentation somewhere. I bought a soldering torch. It came with pages & pages of lists of things I should be careful of. And I read and thoughtfully considered every one, of course, wouldn't you? </sarcasm> This approach was invented by corporate lawyers as a way of stopping lawsuits. It is not about communicating information, and so it is not going to help us here. In short, don't think that tacking on gobs of little notices is going to eliminate everyone's misunderstandings about Wikipedia.

Fourth, there are people who are interested in checking their sources. Many of them do not understand Wikipedia, and could make better use of it if they did. Taglines & such are not going to help them. What might help is a short essay about who writes Wikipedia, and what approval processes an article needs to go through to be published in it. (Yes, I know, the short answer is "none", but we should still talk about the approval process, since that is what people want to know about.) The hard part is helping people find this explanation.

And that is what I think it is important to address. So, how about an actual concrete proposal: Instead of a tagline intended to communicate what Wikipedia is all about, how about a tagline that tells people where they can find such information, aimed at newcomers. Here's an off-the-top-of-my-head line: "Who writes Wikipedia?" Then make this a link to that short essay I mentioned earlier (or to a list of bullet points, or whatever). I'm sure someone can improve on this idea. Please do.

As I said earlier, I think disclaimers should be discussed as well, but that is a separate issue. Disclaimers are about contracts and lawsuits, not introducing newcomers and explaining things.

— Nowhither 07:50, 17 August 2005 (UTC)

= From MediaWiki talk:Tagline =

From Wikipedia, the free, user-written encyclopedia.
What do you think? See Village_pump_%28policy%29. - Omegatron 17:35, July 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * That's great! How about making it say From Wikipedia, the free, user-written encyclopedia that anyone can edit? - 66.91.79.69

 * I was (very) bold and changed it to say:
 * Welcome to Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia that anyone can edit.

 * So now it's a little more like the main page, which says:

 * Welcome to Wikipedia, the free-content encyclopedia that anyone can edit.

 * We'll see what people think... - Omegatron 18:47, August 2, 2005 (UTC)

No way. BLANKFAZE | (что??) 01:04, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Changing the appearance of every single page without prior discussion strikes me as being a little too bold :) Might want to bring it up on the Pump or somewhere that people see more often than this talk page.

 * That aside, I think the new version was too wordy. Tualha (Talk) 01:15, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Bring it up on the Village Pump, you say? - Omegatron 13:18, August 5, 2005 (UTC)

Proposed update of MediaWiki:Tagline
A change to the current Wikipedia tagline has been proposed for discussion and adoption at Proposed update of MediaWiki:Tagline. Interested contributers please visit this page.
 * Oppose that update, although if you really want to do something with the tagline, go look at Wikipedia talk:Official Wikipedia motto. Almafeta 10:05, 5 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Response: Your link has been added to the proposal. -- Sitearm | Talk 15:59, 2005 August 5 (UTC)

 * I support a change to the tagline, but oppose this particular wording. - Omegatron 11:46, August 5, 2005 (UTC)

 * Response: What wording would you prefer? -- Sitearm | Talk 15:59, 2005 August 5 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure. I changed it to "Welcome to Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia that anyone can edit.", as a compromise between the current wording and the wording on the main page, as I figured people would think the main page wording was too long.  Seems some people don't want anything to change, though... - Omegatron 21:25, August 5, 2005 (UTC)

 * I added your version to the list (5 now). Wyatts says to give it time :) -- Sitearm | Talk 03:22, 2005 August 6 (UTC)

= From Talk:Main Page =

Invite users to edit?
I'm not convinced that the Main Page is really inviting people to contribute to Wikipedia, which is a shame as collaborative editing is one of Wikipedia's key strengths. Perhaps we could add a link to the current collaborations of the week? I am... Abhishek has done a mock up of what I had in mind at User:Talrias/Main Page. Talrias (t | e | c) 20:07, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

I like the idea of a direct exhortation. support lots of issues | leave me a message 13:53, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Can somebody point out the difference to me? They seem perfectly identical. Circeus 14:55, July 26, 2005 (UTC)

 * Look under the "anniversaries" section :) Talrias (t | e | c) 15:13, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Sounds great. Perhaps make it even more prominent.  Dave (not signed in).

Be bold Raul. lots of issues | leave me a message 02:50, 29 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Erm, you rang? →Raul654 03:08, July 29, 2005 (UTC)

1. The four items of news and daily DYK collection often outsize the other side creating room for a small section. 2. This is the user built encyclopedia, lets make a more direct attempt to encourage our readers to become editors. 3. If we want to do that, what better place for an anon to start than in the heavily watched COTW. 4. Be bold, if someone disagrees with you inserting the COTW box onto the front page, they can revert with one touch and the harmless experiment ends. If it survives the day, then by consent implied by the silence, the community welcomes a new feature to the front page.

lots of issues | leave me a message 18:34, 29 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I agree. A lot of people I talk to say they use wikipedia all the time but when I talk about how I edit it they're fascinated as if they were ignorant that they could do the same. I sent a link to one of my articles to someone and she said "Did Wikipedia have to approve that or something?" - again, this is someone who uses the Wiki to obtain information. --Tothebarricades 09:50, July 31, 2005 (UTC)

Please also see (below). violet/riga (t) 18:27, 31 July 2005 (UTC)

= From User talk:Wyatts =

Tagline proposal
Hi! Should we modify the official proposal to the shorter "... that anyone can edit. See disclaimer details"? -- Sitearm | Talk 21:39, 2005 August 5 (UTC)

 * That might be a good tagline. I'd give it a while (week or two) to see what else people come up with, and then pick the best one for the official proposal. I haven't noticed any vehement opposition so far, but that may change once we try to actually implement it. --Wyatts 21:53, 5 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Per your lead, people are proposing specific wordings. I added a section to summarize proposed change versions. There was a 7 hour period on August 2nd when Omegatron did add "...that anyone can edit." to the actual tagline. But Blankfaze reverted it. Obviously, admins disagree too! -- Sitearm | Talk 22:36, 2005 August 5 (UTC)

 * Probably not so much a disagreement rather than the fact that the change wasn't discussed before it was made and it is so highly visible. We will have to build consensus among the Wikipedia community before making a change to the tag line. --Wyatts 01:38, 6 August 2005 (UTC)

 * It was discussed on the village pump.
 * Ignore all rules.
 * It's not like it was a very controversial change, and I'm not revert warring it or anything. Just a little extra bold.  ;-) - Omegatron 17:02, August 8, 2005 (UTC)

You said: ''There is much opposition to changing tagline. I think the opposition by Jimbo Wales to changing the tagline effectively kills the idea. As the founder of Wikipedia, his opinion carries exceptional weight (and he can probably make unilateral decisions if he really wants to.) I still want to do something to add a disclaimer statement at the top of every article, but I believe we will have to find a way to do it without modifying the tagline itself.''

 * RESPONSE: I was concerned too. But the more I read Omegatron's comments, the more I think there is merit in capturing the back-and-forth in one place to lead to a likely eventual change.

 * If the text is to be displayed at the top of each page, that is the tagline in the current page template. I see no alternative unless we add another every-page-standard-line entity to the Wikipedia template design, which would be a major structural change. If the text is to be displayed anywhere else but the top, a fair reply is that it is already linked in the footer of every page so why bring up a change at all.

 * Are you proposing putting disclaimer text in the main body of every article? -- Sitearm | Talk 16:26, 2005 August 8 (UTC)

 * I'm proposing something like the original suggestion to put something at the top of every article, but not use the tagline, since there is strong opposition from Jimbo and others. I confess I don't know a good way to do this without using the tagline. Maybe (and I'm thinking out loud here) we could format it such that the disclaimer text is obviously separated from the tagline? e.g.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
 * All articles are user provided
 * in a collaborative effort.

 * --Wyatts 17:21, 8 August 2005 (UTC)

 * RESPONSE: I've 1. Asked Omegatron's input on technicalities at User_talk:Omegatron, and 2. Added version with spacing on the project page. -- Sitearm | Talk 18:04, 2005 August 8 (UTC)

 * "All articles are user provided in a collaborative effort." is very dry-sounding. Surely we can do better. - Omegatron 18:23, August 8, 2005 (UTC)

 * RESPONSE: User_talk:Omegatron

 * I'm not an artist; just a critic. :-)
 * It should at least say "user-provided".
 * Hmmm... It sounds like an apology.  "Where articles are collaboratively created by our users" sounds more optimistic, but kinda stupid.  I'm not really sure... - Omegatron 01:00, August 9, 2005 (UTC)

 * Ok, "user-provided" is an option. Here also are terms from the article on collaborative writing:
 * coauthored
 * collaboratively authored
 * cooperatively written
 * group written
 * jointly authored
 * team written -- Sitearm | Talk 13:15, 2005 August 9 (UTC)

 * Has someone mentioned either of these two options yet? Somewhere where it will be obvious yet discrete.
 * My talk Preferences  My watchlist  My contributions  Log out
 * My talk Preferences  My watchlist  My contributions  Disclaimer  Log out
 * Another alternative is:
 * Main Page
 * Community portal
 * Current events
 * Recent changes
 * Random article
 * Help
 * Disclaimer
 * Contact us
 * Donations
 * Either of these two options will be better than the way it is now. What is the big deal with the aesthetics anyway?  David D. (Talk) 06:00, 10 August 2005 (UTC)

 * RESPONSE: Response is here. -- Sitearm | Talk 16:16, 2005 August 10 (UTC)

= From User talk:Omegatron =

Tagline alternative?
See User_talk:Wyatts. Would you respond there regarding other ways to put text on each page? Thanks for your help! -- Sitearm | Talk 16:32, 2005 August 8 (UTC)

Specifically, Wyatts says: ''I'm proposing something like the original suggestion to put something at the top of every article, but not use the tagline, since there is strong opposition from Jimbo and others. I confess I don't know a good way to do this without using the tagline. Maybe (and I'm thinking out loud here) we could format it such that the disclaimer text is obviously separated from the tagline? e.g. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. ...(blank spaces)... All articles are user provided in a collaborative effort.'' -- Sitearm | Talk 18:00, 2005 August 8 (UTC)

 * You said: "All articles are user provided in a collaborative effort." is very dry-sounding. Surely we can do better. What is your alternative? It has to stand separate as in "From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia." space "DISCLAIMING TEXT HERE" -- Sitearm | Talk 00:17, 2005 August 9 (UTC)

The proposal has been updated:
 * Leave current top-left text as is ("From WikiPedia the free encyclopedia.")
 * Add new top-right text ("All articles are user-contributed in a collaborative effort.")
 * Interested contributors please comment here. Thank you for your help! -- Sitearm | Talk 02:16, 2005 August 12 (UTC)

Tagline2 ?
How hard would it be to add a MediaWiki:Tagline2 page with a one-liner that shows up at the top right of every article page? First text to go in there would be "All articles are user-provided." or "All articles are user-provided in a collaborative effort." Per Wyatts this allows us to separate concern about tagline from concern about advisement of readers. Per me this gives a separate WikiMedia structure area to fine-tune the text. Edits and reverts can be focused there instead of the main tagline. -- Sitearm | Talk 16:04, 2005 August 9 (UTC)

NOTE: I am making this into a section so I can point to it from the proposed page Talk -- Sitearm | Talk 01:39, 2005 August 10 (UTC)

I have made a change request here. -- Sitearm | Talk 20:41, 2005 August 11 (UTC)

= From User talk:Sitearm =

There is much opposition to changing tagline
I think the opposition by Jimbo Wales to changing the tagline effectively kills the idea. As the founder of Wikipedia, his opinion carries exceptional weight (and he can probably make unilateral decisions if he really wants to.) I still want to do something to add a disclaimer statement at the top of every article, but I believe we will have to find a way to do it without modifying the tagline itself. --Wyatts 16:05, 8 August 2005 (UTC)

 * RESPONSE: Responded at User_talk:Wyatts -- Sitearm | Talk 16:27, 2005 August 8 (UTC)

I know the best place for the disclaimer. Somewhere where it will be obvious yet discrete.
 * My talk Preferences  My watchlist  My contributions  Log out
 * My talk Preferences  My watchlist  My contributions  Disclaimer  Log out

Another alternative is:
 * Main Page
 * Community portal
 * Current events
 * Recent changes
 * Random article
 * Help
 * Disclaimer
 * Contact us
 * Donations

Either of these two options will be better than the way it is now. What is the big deal with the aesthetics anyway? David D. (Talk) 05:52, 10 August 2005 (UTC)

 * RESPONSE: Added these two versions to main page. Moved disclaimer prominence reason for change from position 3 to 2. Thank you for your help! -- Sitearm | Talk 15:59, 2005 August 10 (UTC)

The proposal has been updated:
 * Leave current top-left text as is ("From WikiPedia the free encyclopedia.")
 * Add new top-right text ("All articles are user-contributed in a collaborative effort.")
 * Interested contributors please comment here. Thank you for your help! -- Sitearm | Talk 03:19, 2005 August 12 (UTC)

"Free"
you said: ''RESPONSE: There is a discussion comment about the word "free" included under reason 1 for change, and the word is actually removed in proposed change version 11. Will keep these additional comments here for the record. Thank you for your help! -- Sitearm | Talk 22:23, 2005 August 9 (UTC)''
 * Well, isn't that extremely suitable. Is it mere coincidence that Syme was working on the Eleventh Edition of the Newspeak dictionary in Nineteen Eighty-Four? "[The] definitive edition."
 * We're getting  the language into its final shape -- the shape it's going to have when nobody speaks anything else. When we've finished with it, people like you will have  to  learn  it  all over  again.  You  think,  I  dare  say,  that our chief job is inventing new words. But not a  bit  of  it!  We're  destroying words  --  scores  of  them, hundreds of them, every day.
 * The word "free" in particular was discussed in the appendix on Newspeak:
 * The word free still existed in Newspeak, but  it  could  only  be used  in  such  statements  as  'This dog is free from lice' or 'This field is free from weeds'. It could not be  used  in  its old sense of ' politically free' or 'intellectually free' since political  and  intellectual  freedom no longer existed even as concepts, and were therefore of necessity nameless.
 * In short, I very strongly oppose the motion to remove "free", describing intellectual freedom, from Wikipedia's tagline. — David Remahl 12:21, 12 August 2005 (UTC)

"Free" response

 * RESPONSE: You said: the motion to remove "free", describing intellectual freedom, from Wikipedia's tagline. This is a misread of the proposal, which is to add a separate statement, "All articles are user-provided in a collaborative effort." at page top right, next to the current statement, "From WikiPedia, the free encyclopedia." at page top left. Although one version counterproposed by contributers removed the clause, "the free encyclopedia", there were no other supporting comments. Thank you for your help! -- Sitearm | Talk 12:40, 2005 August 12 (UTC)

 * P.S. Have added intellectual freedom interpretation of "free" to discussion under reason for change 3. Note the discussion is about further clarifying what "free" means. -- Sitearm | Talk 12:51, 2005 August 12 (UTC)

= From User talk:Angela =

Proposed update of MediaWiki:Tagline
A change to the current Wikipedia tagline has been proposed for discussion and adoption at Wikipedia:Proposed update of MediaWiki:Tagline. Interested contributers please visit this page. WOULD APPRECIATE YOUR COMMENT -- Sitearm | Talk 18:42, 2005 August 6 (UTC)

 * Personally, I prefer it the way it is since every page already has at least one disclaimer link. Perhaps there should be a vote since there seems no agreement at the moment? Angela. 22:10, August 10, 2005 (UTC)

The proposal has been updated:
 * Leave current top-left text as is ("From WikiPedia the free encyclopedia.")
 * Add new top-right text ("All articles are user-contributed in a collaborative effort.")
 * Interested contributors please comment here. Thank you for your help! -- Sitearm | Talk 02:04, 2005 August 12 (UTC)

P.S. I will look into the vote process. Thanks! -- Sitearm | Talk 02:10, 2005 August 12 (UTC)


text:
Pandurang Vaman Kane

Pandurang Vaman Kane (पांडुरंग वामन काणे; 7 May 1880 – 18 April 1972 ) was an Indian academic, historian, lawyer, Indologist, and Sanskrit scholar. He was awarded the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award in 1963.

Kane's academic career spanned for more than four decades, and included a tenure as the vice-chancellor of the University of Bombay, from 1947 to 1949. He is known for his magnum opus, History of Dharmaśāstra (1930–62), a five-volume treatise on law in ancient and medieval India. He was nominated to the Rajya Sabha, upper house of the Indian parliament from 1953 to 1964.

Kane initially studied and taught Sanskrit, but later obtained degrees in law and practiced before the Bombay High Court. He taught Sanskrit at Wilson College and Elphinstone College and law at Government Law College. Kane was a member of the Bombay Asiatic Society.

The historian Ram Sharan Sharma says: "Pandurang Vaman Kane, a great Sanskritist wedded to social reform, continued the earlier tradition of scholarship. His monumental work entitled the "History of the Dharmasastra", published in five volumes in the twentieth century, is an encyclopedia of ancient social laws and customs. This enables us to study the social processes in ancient India."

Early life
Kane was born on 7 May 1880 at Pedem (or Parasurama), near Chiplun, Ratnagiri district, Bombay Presidency. His paternal family belonged to a priestly caste, however, his father, Vamanrao Kane, was a pleader and a taluka lawyer. His father taught him astrology and Sanskrit, instructing him to memorise Amarakosa, a Sanskrit thesaurus. He attended school and passed his matriculation examinations at Dapoli.

Kane attended Wilson College, graduating with a B. A. degree in 1901, and was awarded the Bhau Daji Lad Prize in Sanskrit. He continued studying Sanskrit at Wilson College, obtaining a M. A. in English and Sanksrit by 1903. He briefly taught as a school teacher at Government High School, Ratnagiri and Elphinstone High School, Bombay. In 1909, he was appointed professor of Sanskrit at Elphinstone College.

Career

Kane is best known for his History of Dharmaśāstra, a five-volume treatise on law in ancient and medieval India. Dharmaśāstra is a group of Sanskrit texts on law and conduct. Kane's treatise is an English digest of the Dharmaśāstra.

The first volume of the History of Dharmaśāstra was completed by Kane and published by the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Pune in 1930. The final volume, namely the fifth volume of the treatise, was published in two parts, with the second part being published in 1962. The whole treatise encompasses 6,500 pages, and provides an authoritative and encyclopedic treatment of the religious and civil law of ancient and medieval India.

Kane wrote the book Vyavaharamayukha and was in the process of writing an introductory passage on the History of Dharmaśāstra for this book so that the reader would get an overall idea apart from the subject of the book. One thing led to another and this project snowballed into the major work that it is. All the same, he was categorical in saying that it is difficult to find an English equivalent of the word "Dharma." His output in the form of writings across the three languages of English, Sanskrit and Marathi spans nearly 15,000 pages.

‘History of Poetics’ was one of his other great books. Apart from Theology and Poetry, he wrote a great deal on other topics too, which included Astrology, Cultural and Geographical history of India-Maharashtra-Konkan- Vidarbha, Marathi language, its grammar, language & handwriting, economics of Kautilya (Chanakya), Mathematics, Dramatics, etc. There are in all 198 publications by his name. They include 39 texts, 115 articles, 44 books, introductions and reviews.

Recognition
Dr. Kane was rewarded as Mahamahopadhyaya (Etymology: Maha+Maha+Upadhyay = The greatest among the great teachers), usually shortened to MM as a prefix in the writings that refer to him. He served as the vice-chancellor of the University of Mumbai. His services were requisitioned and enlisted for establishing Kurukshetra University in Indic studies. He was awarded the Sahitya Akademi award in 1956 for History of Dharmaśāstra, vol. IV for his research under the Sanskrit translation category. He was also an honorary member of the Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.

He was nominated to the Rajya Sabha as a member of Parliament for his distinguished record in the field of academics. The highest accolade bestowed upon him was the Bharat Ratna in 1963.

The Asiatic Society of Mumbai sponsored a stamp in his honour, which was released by the Governor of Maharashtra on 18 April 2022.

Indian law
Kane believed that the Constitution of India made a complete break with the traditional ideas prevalent in India by engendering a false notion among the people that they have rights but no obligations.

Given the encyclopaedic and authoritative nature of his work, it is often used in debates in Polity. One such issue that cropped up during Atal Bihari Vajpayee government was whether ancient Indians ate beef and both the groups quoted extensively from Kane's work to support their viewpoint. This issue became important as Hindus traditionally revere the cow as a mother and hence eating of beef is prohibited. Another such issue was whether the girls in the ancient times had the right to wear the yajnopavita (sacred thread), as the upanayana ceremony was restricted only to the men in the recent past.

Legacy
To commemorate him, the Asiatic Society of Mumbai has established the Mm. Dr. P.V. Kane Institute for Post Graduate studies and Research in 1974 to promote, encourage and facilitate research in oriental studies. Also, MM Dr. P.V. Kane Gold Medal is given once every three years to a scholar for outstanding contribution to the study of Vedic, Dharmashastra or Alankara Literature.

Other sources

 * S.G. Moghe (editor), Professor Kane's contribution to Dharmasastra literature, 1997, New Delhi: D.K. Printworld (P) Ltd. ISBN 81-246-0075-9
 * Autobiographical Epilogue in History of Dharmashastra Vol 5

title: Pandurang Vaman Kane


text:
Judy Reyes

Judy Reyes (born November 5, 1967) is an American actress, model and producer, best known for her roles as Carla Espinosa on the NBC/ABC medical comedy series Scrubs (2001–2009), as Zoila Diaz in the Lifetime comedy-drama Devious Maids (2013–2016), and as Annalise "Quiet Ann" Zayas in the TNT crime comedy-drama Claws (2017–2022). Reyes also appeared in the films All Together Now (2020), Smile (2022), and Birth/Rebirth (2023), for which she received an Independent Spirit Award for Best Lead Performance nomination.

Early life
Reyes was born on November 5, 1967, in The Bronx, New York, to Dominican immigrants. She has three sisters, including a fraternal twin sister named Joselin Reyes, who played a paramedic on Law & Order: Special Victims Unit. Reyes grew up on Bainbridge Avenue, from the age of 13 to the age of 25–26. She attended Hunter College in Manhattan, where she began her acting career.

Career
In the early 1990s, Reyes began her television career with guest starring roles in a number of shows, including Law & Order, NYPD Blue, and The Sopranos. She also had a recurring role in Oz as Tina Rivera. She is best known for her portrayal of nurse Carla Espinosa on the NBC comedy Scrubs from 2001 to 2009. She has starred in a number of made for television movies, primarily for Lifetime network, including Little Girl Lost: The Delimar Vera Story (2008), and The Pregnancy Project (2012).

After leaving Scrubs, Reyes guest-starred in several shows, including Castle, Medium, Off the Map, and Law & Order: Special Victims Unit. In 2011, she starred as a mother dealing with her estranged husband's return into her life after his stint in prison in the independent drama Gun Hill Road. The film is set in Reyes' native Bronx, and its title refers to a real-life street that intersects Bainbridge Avenue on which Reyes herself grew up. The film premiered at the Sundance Film Festival. Reyes also had small supporting roles in several films, including Went to Coney Island on a Mission from God... Be Back by Five (1998), Bringing Out the Dead (1999), Washington Heights (2002), and Dirty (2005). In 2012, Reyes was cast as series regular Zoila Diaz, the senior maid, in the ABC comedy-drama pilot Devious Maids, created by Marc Cherry. On May 14, 2012, the series was not picked up by ABC, but on June 22, 2012, Lifetime ordered a run of thirteen episodes. The series premiered June 23, 2013. The Devious Maids finale episode aired on August 8, 2016. Two weeks following the show's cancellation, Reyes was cast opposite Niecy Nash in the TNT crime comedy-drama Claws playing the role of Annalise "Quiet Ann" Zayas. The series premiered on June 11, 2017 and ended in 2022 after four seasons. She also had the recurring roles as Dina Milagro in the CW comedy series Jane the Virgin (2015–19) and as Ramona in the Netflix comedy One Day at a Time (2017–2020). She played the role of Eva, executive producer of media conglomerate Waystar Royco's ATN news channel, in the HBO drama series Succession in 2018. Reyes also had a recurring roles in the comedy series Search Party and Better Things, and guest starred on Black-ish. In 2022, Reyes guest-starred in season 3 of Batwoman where she portrayed Kiki Roulette who was responsible for building Joker's joy buzzer.

Reyes starred in the independent films My Name Is David (2015) and Girl Flu. (2016), and had a supporting role in the thriller film The Circle (2017). She received Imagen Awards for Best Actress - Drama (Television) for her performance in the 2021 made-for-television film Torn from Her Arms. She appeared opposite her One Day at a Time co-star Justina Machado in the 2020 drama film, All Together Now. In 2022, she had a supporting role in the supernatural horror film, Smile, it was a box office success, grossing over $217 million worldwide. The following year, Reyes played the leading role in the psychological horror film, Birth/Rebirth. It premiered at the Sundance Film Festival and Reyes received positive reviews for her performance. She received Independent Spirit Award for Best Lead Performance nomination for her performance. Also in 2023, Reyes had a recurring role in the horror-comedy series The Horror of Dolores Roach, appearing again opposite Justina Machado.

Reyes set to appear as a mother of the lead character in the romantic drama film, Turtles All the Way Down based on the 2017 novel of the same name by John Green. She also was cast opposite Kaitlin Olson in a series regular role in the ABC comedy-drama series High Potential based on the French series HPI.

Personal life
, Reyes was married to cinematographer Edwin Figueroa.

Reyes was in a relationship with director George Valencia; they have a daughter together, Leila Rey, born on November 27, 2009. Together, they founded the non-profit Sound of GOL Foundation!, a "recreational past time charity for young girls".

title: Judy Reyes


text: Category:Art directors

title: Category:Art directors