text: User talk:202.144.168.18

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:202.144.168.18


text:
Nicolas, Duke of Mercœur

Nicolas of Lorraine, Duke of Mercœur (16 October 1524 – 23 January 1577), was the second son of Antoine, Duke of Lorraine, and Renée de Bourbon.

Life
He was originally destined for an ecclesiastical career, being made bishop of Metz in 1543 and of Verdun in 1544. In June 1545, he became joint "tutor and administrator" for his nephew, Charles III, Duke of Lorraine, with his sister-in-law Christina of Denmark. However, the Estates of Lorraine, in November 1545, removed him in favor of Christina as sole regent. He opposed her pro-Imperial policies. Resigning his dioceses in 1548 in favor of his uncle Jean, Cardinal of Lorraine, he took the title Count of Vaudémont.

After seizure of the Three Bishoprics in 1552 by Henry II of France, he was re-appointed as sole regent for his nephew, a position he retained until 1559.

Nomeny was detached from the Bishopric of Metz in 1551 and given to him as a margraviate by Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor, in 1567, in right of which he was recognized as an independent, hereditary Prince of the Empire (the House of Lorraine would obtain a full vote in the Imperial Diet in 1736 for Nomeny in compensation for cession of the Duchy of Lorraine to France—in addition to acquisition of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany).

In France, his mother's barony of Mercœur was likewise elevated to the status of a princedom (though not independent of the French crown) in 1563, and raised to a ducal peerage in 1569. He was also created a knight of the Order of Saint Esprit.

Marriages
He married three times. His first marriage, on 1 May 1549 in Brussels, was to Countess Marguerite d'Egmont (1517 – 10 March 1554, Bar-le-Duc), daughter of Count Jean IV of Egmont. They had:

 * 1) Marguerite of Lorraine (b. 9 February 1550), d. young.
 * 2) Catherine of Lorraine (b. 26 February 1551, Nomeny), d. young.
 * 3) Henri of Lorraine (b. 9 April 1552, Nomeny) Count of Chaligny, d. young.
 * 4) Louise of Lorraine (30 April 1553, Nomeny – 29 January 1601, Château de Moulins), married on 13 February 1575, at Reims, Henry III of France.

His second marriage was on 24 February 1555 at Fontainebleau, to Princess Joanna of Savoy-Nemours (1532–1568), daughter of Philippe, Duke of Nemours. By this marriage they had:

 * 1) Philippe Emmanuel of Lorraine, Duke of Mercœur (1558–1602).
 * 2) Charles de Lorraine (20 April 1561, Nomeny – 29 October 1587, Paris), known as the Cardinal de Vaudémont, Bishop of Toul and of Verdun.
 * 3) Jean of Lorraine (b. 14 September 1563, Château de Deneuvre), d. young.
 * 4) Marguerite of Lorraine (14 May 1564, Nomeny – 20 September 1625), married on 24 September 1581 in Paris Anne, Duke of Joyeuse (1561–1587), married on 31 May 1599 François de Luxemburg, Duke of Piney (d. 1613).
 * 5) Claude of Lorraine (b. 12 April 1566, Nomeny), d. young.
 * 6) François of Lorraine (15 September 1567 – 1596, Châtel-sur-Moselle), Marquis of Chaussin.

His third marriage was on 11 May 1569 at Reims, to Princess Catherine of Lorraine-Aumale (1550–1606), daughter of Claude, Duke of Aumale. They had:

 * 1) Henri of Lorraine (31 July 1570, Nancy – 26 October 1600, Vienna), Marquis of Mouy and Count of Chaligny, married on 19 September 1585 Claude de Mouy.
 * 2) Christine of Lorraine (b. 24 September 1571, Château de Koeurs), d. young.
 * 3) Antoine of Lorraine (27 August 1572 – 1587, Mainz), Abbot of Beaulieu  and Bishop of Toul.
 * 4) Louise of Lorraine (b. 27 March 1575, Nancy), d. young.
 * 5) Eric of Lorraine (14 March 1576 – 27 April 1623), Bishop of Verdun.

title: Nicolas, Duke of Mercœur


text:
Ignacy Witczak

Ignacy Witczak was a GRU illegal officer in the United States during World War II.

Witczak's code name with the GRU and as deciphered by the Venona project and other counterintelligence investigations was "R".

He operated under a cover of a student and then instructor at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles in the 1940s.

Shortly after the defection on 5 September 1945 of Igor Gouzenko, a GRU code clerk at the Soviet embassy in Ottawa, Samuel Witczak, an instructor at the University of Southern California, disappeared from a beach in Southern California, never to be seen again. Later his wife disappeared as well. In a 1952 Senate report, he was identified as a Soviet spy; his name had surfaced in the Venona decrypts. The FBI search for Witczak is described in the memoirs of FBI special agent Robert Lamphere. The FBI had learned Witczak had entered the United States from Canada on a false passport and suspected Witczak was not his true name. Later the FBI was able to trace some of Witczak's former agents, but never learned what happened to him. Enemy Amongst Trojans tells the rest of the story.

Recent document releases in Britain and Russia, one showing Kim Philby reported on him, identify Witczak as “Litvin” and explain what happened to him after returning to the Soviet Union. Litvin's GRU career ended during a purge of Jews, but he survived that, later becoming a translator of American books on intelligence.

Evidence of espionage
Ignacy Witczak is referenced in the following Venona decryptions and FBI reports:

 * 3, 4, 5 KGB San Francisco to Moscow, 2 January 1946;
 * 25 KGB San Francisco to Moscow, 26 January 1946;detailing a Soviet espionage operation in the United States
 * FBI report, "Soviet Espionage Activities, 19 October 1945," attached to Hoover to Vaughan, 19 October 1945, President's Secretary's Files, Harry S. Truman Library, Independence, Mo.;
 * FBI report, "Soviet Activities in the United States," 25 July 1946, Clark M. Clifford papers, Truman Library.

title: Ignacy Witczak


text: User talk:172.134.233.160

title: User talk:172.134.233.160


text:
Talk:Venice High School (Los Angeles)

Separating out Florida Venice High, No Longer Stub?
I'm going to set up a disambiguation page that points to both this article and a seperate article on Venice High, Venice, Florida. While as a student at the California I would prefer to have the page point directly to this page and only indirectly to the Florida school, it is only fair that the Florida school be treated equally--espescially as it too is somewhat notable. Once school starts up again, I'll take some pictures of the school of my own and perhaps add some of the photos to this article from the Venice High website since as the site is technically government-owned, the images ought to be public domain.

Furthermore, pending any opposition, I am going to remove this article's stub tag. Theshibboleth 04:27, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Is there even an article about the school in Florida? I can't find it. -Willmcw 04:47, August 18, 2005 (UTC)

 * PS, there's a decent high school template with slots for date of founding, school colors and mascot, anme of principal, etc. See, for example, Monta Vista High School. In case anyone's interested. Cheers, -Willmcw 18:16, August 18, 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks. I think I'll use the template. Theshibboleth 09:14, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

History Reversion
Please explain reasons for reverting the Venice History section repeatedly. To my knowledge it fulfills reliable sources requirements. You also seem quite hasty in reverting edits, perhaps in the future you could instead try to discuss things over? Elryacko (talk) 22:04, 13 June 2009 (UTC)

See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Third-party_sources Please note that I am disputing the notability of this "VSU", not Venice High School itself. Wikipedia is not a list of clubs; not every school club is notable enough to be mentioned.BBCOFFEECAT (talk) 02:08, 14 June 2009 (UTC)

 * True, although I've never said that you disputed the notability of Venice High School, just that I requested a reason for why you kept reverting the article itself. I've never said that every school club is notable enough to be mentioned, either. Furthermore, just because one part of my edit didn't warrant a link, does not mean that you should have reverted it. You simply could have edited it out.
 * Why is the reference I mentioned not a suitable third-party source? From what I read, this instance would be an exception to the guideline.
 * I do not think you could judge whether or not the VSU is notable or not, given your non-neutral point of view on your user page. Elryacko (talk) 06:31, 14 June 2009 (UTC)

Contreras shooting
I removed this, hidden text and all:

On June 5, 2006 around 3:05 PM, 17-year old Augustin Contreras, an 11th grader at Venice, was fatally shot in the school's faculty parking lot. Contreras had intervened in a fight between his two younger brothers and a few other men who did not attend the school. The victim lived in Mar Vista, California. Despite the admonition in the hidden comment, I believe that this incident, while tragic, constitutes recentism and is in no way worthy of being about 20% of the text of the history of this school. It's barely related to the school at all.— alf laylah wa laylah (talk) 01:20, 6 April 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 2 one external links on Venice High School (Los Angeles). Please take a moment to review my edit. You may add after the link to keep me from modifying it, if I keep adding bad data, but formatting bugs should be reported instead. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether, but should be used as a last resort. I made the following changes:
 * Attempted to fix sourcing for http://www.laschools.org/employee/mpd/fs-mpd/download/07-08_webmaps/Proj04.pdf
 * Attempted to fix sourcing for http://www.laschools.org/employee/mpd/fs-mpd/download/07-08_webmaps/Proj04.pdf

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 08:03, 31 March 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Venice High School (Los Angeles)


text:
Nova Odesa

Nova Odesa (Нова Одеса, ) is a city in Mykolaiv Raion, Mykolaiv Oblast (region) of southern Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Nova Odesa urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. The population of Nova Odesa is

Until 18 July 2020, Nova Odesa was the administrative center of Nova Odesa Raion. In July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Mykolaiv Oblast to four, Nova Odesa Raion was merged into Mykolaiv Raion.

Demographics
As of the 2001 Ukrainian census, the town had a population of 14,073 inhabitants. The ethnic and linguistic composition was as follows:

title: Nova Odesa


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The Eracsists

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was MERGE to MADtv, already done (at least, all the merger wanted to merge). I'll move it, too. -Splash 00:56, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

The Eracsists
Even when the title is SPELLED CORRECTLY, a Google for the term 'Eracists' receives 114 hits, some of which belong to an unrelated, non-notable band. ral 315  04:28, August 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Move to the correct title and then merge and redirect into MADtv. - Mgm|(talk) 08:23, August 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Move n' merge per MacgyverMagic. JDoorjam 22:39, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge done, tho' it could use a good copyedit. Niteowlneils 00:46, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
North Olmsted High School

North Olmsted High School is a public high school that is located in the Cleveland suburb of North Olmsted, Ohio. It is the only high school administered by the North Olmsted City School District.

State championships

 * Boys' soccer: 1977, 1985, 1996, 1999

Clubs and teams
NOHS had a small orchestra as far back as 1930, but Casey Kriechbaum started the instrumental program in 1948 and staged the first concert band and marching band in 1950. Alongside the band are the NOHS Eaglets, or cheerleaders. As of 2020 a drama club called the Eagle's Nest Theatre performs twice a year in fall and winter. Student participation in news and announcements is encouraged through the Eagle News Network. A computer club is also present, as is a team for the U.S. National Chemistry Olympiad, sponsored by the American Chemical Society. A math team competes in the Ohio Mathematics League Contests and the American Mathematics Competition. There is also a ski club, as well as French and Spanish clubs.

The school also has a boys football, soccer, cross-country, basketball, golf, hockey, bowling, wrestling, swim, baseball, tennis, and track team. They have a girls soccer, volleyball, golf, tennis, basketball, bowling, swimming, dance, gymnastics, cheer, softball, and track team.

Notable events
On September 16, 1990, two juveniles broke into the school and vandalized it, leaving a burning cigarette near an overturned oil lamp, leading to a fire that caused over $3 million in damage to the building. As a result of the fire, classes were temporarily relocated to the I-X Center, an exhibition center in nearby Cleveland.

On October 13, 2020 a football player on the boys football team tested positive for COVID-19. The School District subsequently pulled out of the state playoffs, and canceled all remaining games and practices.

Notable alumni

 * Tony Gardner, Designer and special effects makeup artist
 * Thom Hatch, author and historian
 * Jennifer Lyn Jackson, Playboy playmate
 * Scott Medvin, Former MLB player (Pittsburgh Pirates, Seattle Mariners)
 * Daniel S. Papp, Kennesaw State University President
 * Adam Russell, Pitcher for the Tampa Bay Rays MLB

title: North Olmsted High School


text:
Christmas Interpretations

Christmas Interpretations is the first Christmas album and second overall studio album by American R&B group Boyz II Men. It was released on October 5, 1993, by Motown. Several of the tracks are originals, written by Boyz II Men with labelmate and longtime friend Brian McKnight; others are traditional Christmas songs.

Critical reception
AllMusic editor Jose F. Promis described the album as "a cozy, velvety, and hip quiet storm Christmas album with touches of jazz, nostalgia, and melancholy but, at times, one yearns to hear the Boyz' lush harmonies wrapped around traditional favorites." Entertainment Weekly critic David Browne wrote that Boyz II Men "lusciously harmonize on Christmas Interpretations. With the exception of "Silent Night," the album consists entirely of new songs, most with mournful seasonal themes. It's a pretty gutsy move, but hampered by the fact that none of the originals are as memorable as, say, "Silent Night"."

Chart performance
Christmas Interpretations peaked at number 19 in the US Billboard 200. The album had sold 1,767,000 copies by December 2012.

Track listing
Notes
 * signifies a co-producer

title: Christmas Interpretations


text:
Sangak

Sangak (, səngək, sengek) or nân-e sangak is a plain, rectangular or triangular Iranian whole wheat leavened flatbread.

History
In Persian means little stone. The bread is baked on a bed of small river stones in an oven. There are usually two varieties of this bread offered at Iranian bakeries: the generic one which has no toppings; and the more expensive variety which is traditionaly topped with poppy seeds and these days with sesame seeds, and to less extent black cumin, caraway, cumin and even dried aromatic herbs.

Sangak bread was traditionally the bread of the Persian army. It is mentioned for the first time in the 11th century. Each soldier carried a small quantity of pebbles which at camp were brought together to create the "sangak oven" that would bake the bread for the entire army. It was eaten with lamb kabab.

The bread has always been widely eaten in the territory of present-day Azerbaijan, but following the Soviet takeover in 1920, it became less common. The Soviets opted for mass production of bread, an option which was not amiable to the traditional, hand-formed sangak. In neighbouring Iran, however, sangak never lost its popularity.

title: Sangak


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Block system

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was speedy deleted. - Mgm|(talk) 08:27, August 18, 2005 (UTC)

Block system
No google hits for the major player in this article, and the assetion seems a little problematic anyway. Denni ☯ 04:29, 2005 August 18 (UTC)

 * Speedy via vanity provision. Otherwise, delete.   ral  315  04:34, August 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Paul Murray Kendall

Paul Murray Kendall (March 1, 1911 – November 21, 1973) was an American academic and historian, who taught for over 30 years at Ohio University and then, after his retirement, at the University of Kansas.

Biography
Kendall was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He graduated from Frankford High School in 1928. He studied at the University of Virginia, receiving a bachelor's degree in 1932, and master's in 1933. In 1937, while studying for a Ph.D, he became an instructor in English at Ohio University in Athens, Ohio. He obtained a Ph.D. from the University of Virginia in 1939, and continued as professor at Ohio University, and was one of the first academics named as Distinguished Professor at Ohio University in 1959.

In 1939 Kendall married Carol Seeger (1917-2012), one of his former students. Carol Kendall was an author in her own right.

Career
Kendall's teaching was primarily concerned with Renaissance writing and Shakespeare. He was granted tenure in 1947, and was appointed Distinguished Professor of English in 1959, one of the first three academics at Ohio University to receive this honor.

In 1950 Kendall was awarded a Marburgh Prize from Johns Hopkins University for a three-act play, The Ant Village. He published both light verse and scholarly articles. In 1952 he was awarded a Ford Foundation Fellowship which assisted him in completing Richard III, which was published in 1955, and raises anew the question whether or not that monarch was an usurper. It is for that work that he is best known. This work was a scholarly defence of the controversial monarch. It relied heavily on primary sources and made a significant contribution to the arguments for a favourable view of Richard. The work was critically very well received and was a runner-up for the National Book Award in 1956.

In 1957 Warwick the Kingmaker and History of Land Warfare were released. In 1963 The Yorkist Age was released. In 1970 Kendall retired from Ohio University to become head of the Shakespeare Institute at the University of Kansas. In 1971 his work, King Louis XI was published, the film by Henri Helman about Louis being clearly part of a rehabilitation movement driven, among others, by Kendall. In 1979 his novel, My Brother Chilperic, was published posthumously.

Paul Kendall died on November 21, 1973, aged 62. Kendall was survived by his wife and two daughters, Gillian Murray Kendall, who teaches Renaissance subjects and Shakespeare at Smith College, and Caroline Kendall Orszak, who recently retired from a career in publishing in the UK, and lives in Western Massachusetts.

Books

 * Richard III (1955)
 * Warwick the Kingmaker (1957)
 * The Story of Land Warfare (1957)
 * The Yorkist Age: Daily Life During the Wars of the Roses  (1962)
 * The Art of Biography (1965)
 * Louis XI: The Universal Spider  (1971)
 * My Brother Chilperic (1979)

Awards

 * 1950 Marburgh Prize (Johns Hopkins University) for The Ant Village
 * 1956 National Book Award runner-up for Richard III
 * 1957-58 and 1961-62 Guggenheim Fellow
 * 1970 Honorary L.H.D. (Doctor of Humane Letters) by Ohio University.

title: Paul Murray Kendall


text:
Talk:Puka (animal)

The Maori term puku has nothing to do with the rest of this article. I would like to have a separate article but can't see how it could be justified. --GringoInChile 00:31, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Puka (animal)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/North Olmsted High School

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Keep. Redwolf24 01:36, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

North Olmsted High School
(moved from North olmsted high school). Christopher Parham (talk) 05:39, 2005 August 18 (UTC)

 * No notability proven. Slac  speak up!  04:31, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. See Schools for the history of the "schools" debate.  --Alan Au 04:54, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, valid stub. Christopher Parham (talk) 05:39, 2005 August 18 (UTC)
 * Keep, it's a school and it's encyclopedic. If you delete it, please contribute the article to my wiki. Wikinerd 06:59, 18 August 2005 (UTC) not now because radiant blanked your page Yuckfoo 17:00, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Wikinerd, stop asking for other people to do your work. It's public domain, if you want it, take it --Outlander 19:46, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, wikipedia should give people access to this kind of important information. Kappa 07:08, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Why is this debate always about American schools? - Mgm|(talk) 08:26, August 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Because most African schools don't have websites? Kappa 08:42, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Why doesn't Wikiproject:Schools do something about this systemic bias? Radiant_ >|< 09:08, August 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. I looked at the first seven or eight school deletion nominations of this month, and only about half of them seem to be of US schools. --Tony Sidaway Talk  10:38, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I was referring to the creating (or expanding) of articles on schools; surely you're not suggesting that the WikiProject Schools is responsible for the school deletion nominations? Radiant_ >|< 14:16, August 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * No, actually I wrongly thought that this is what you were suggesting. Nor does that WikiProject govern the creating and expanding of school articles.  They seem to be largely spontaneously occurring wikifauna.  Their may be a fairly strong sieve effect favoring the deletion of schools outside the developed world, even taking into account the geographical concentrations of Wikipedians; less verifiable information is available.  Ideas on how that might be counteracted would be welcome. --Tony Sidaway Talk  14:38, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * See, that is precisely the problem. I'm talking about expanding or creating articles on schools outside of the US/UK area, and you are talking about countering the deletion of them. I've asked the very same question at WikiProject schools, but it seems that project is mostly inactive these days. Radiant_ >|< 08:44, August 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with North Olmsted, Ohio. Does not appear to have any significance separate from its geographical locale (and no, Ohio state champions at soccer doesn't signify notability requiring a separate article to me - how many people show up to watch the Ohio state school soccer championships who aren't related to the players?). Average Earthman 11:18, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as four walls and a roof are not notable. Schoolcruft.  Failing that, merge any info as per Average Earthman. Proto t c 11:59, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Not notable per WP:Schools Delete arguments - brenneman (t) (c)  13:30, 18 August 2005 (UTC).
 * Keep: I am sure the stub shall grow over a period of time.--Bhadani 13:35, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. If it doesn't grow, Wikiproject:Schools could probably expand it.--Shanel 15:30, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Gosh, it has after school clubs. Dunc|☺ 15:40, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. -- DS1953 15:56, August 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * keep please this is not deletable because it is encyclopedic Yuckfoo 16:56, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep — as always. — RJH 17:14, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Schools are encyclopedic Guerberj 17:31, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep why would anyone want to delete this? Trollderella 18:12, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep per my reasoning at User:Gateman1997/Schools for Deletion. Gateman1997 20:12, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Abstain. I grow weary of this constant argument. . . they won't get deleted, so although it's your right to list them, please don't.--Scimitar parley 20:23, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Schools are inherently of little notability and have no encyclopedic value. An exceptionally small number, around 20, may have notability owing to age and quality of alumni. The rest are simply entirely insignificant. Worse, 99% of these articles exist merely to burden WP servers, because they contain only non-encyclopedic information you're supposed to get from the directory. See also Schools/Arguments.— Encephalon | ζ  21:58:25, 2005-08-18 (UTC)
 * Delete Some high schools are noteworthy, not all. I don't see how this is notable. What's it's claim to fame if any? --Dysepsion 22:28, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Whether the article can grow is largely irrelevant; otherwise JDoorjam's cat's dietary journal would qualify in no time.  Merge per Earthman. JDoorjam 22:44, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep As valid as all the others. Nominating schools disrupts Wikipedia and achieves nothing. Osomec 02:19, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and stop nomimating them until consensus is reached. --Ryan Delaney talk 03:45, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. This is not a notable high school, and the only people who would look this up are the people that live in the area and went to the school.  Their only claim to fame is that they won a soccer championship and was attended by a semi-notable historian.  My high school was visited by a president and won dozens of state titles, but that doesn't mean it deserves an article, because nobody cares about a little ol' school in the suburbs of a big city.  If at all, it should just be merged with North Olmsted, Ohio.  There's not enough room on Wikipedia to mention every school that has had a chess club and a no-name principal. (Notorious4life 04:07, 19 August 2005 (UTC))
 * Comment I think this is very interesting. I haven’t been here in over six months when there was a pretty even chance of this breaking even for keep/delete. Back then i was a deletionist and i am not going to say that the big shift in community opinion comes as a pleasant discovery. However, if our space ever outgrows our resources and something such as downsizing is necessary, i think you can rest assured that non-notable schools will be at least looked at as a target. if nothing else other people who arnt in support of these articles will jump at the chance.  After this in time iv found that i dont really care and just wish this amount of energy could be focused don bringing our species description articles as up to date because were sorely lacking support in that area. Since species are more important than a simple human institution, the vigor of the support for the articles somewhat mystifys me. Fledgeling 04:34, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Unlike schools, species articles are not "endangered" (as it were) on wikipedia, and therefore do not need so much support. Since storage space is essentially free, the online version of wikipedia will never run out. Cut-down versions of wikipedia would however be useful for distribution, and for providing random page users with a more educational experience. These versions can be provided in a non-destructive way by rating or tagging existing pages, e.g. the recent validation proposal. Kappa 13:16, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * We keep railway stations. We keep bridges. We keep highways. We keep radio masts. We keep minutiae concerning fictional characters in forgettable science fiction and fantasy literature that no more than an utterly minisclue proportion of people are ever likely to be interested in. We do these things because we are building the biggest and most comprehensive encyclopedia in history. Thus it is logical that we keep schools. --Gene_poole 06:44, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Are we still debating whether to have articles on schools?  We sure must have boring lives.  --Zero 12:57, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and stop nomimating them until consensus is reached.--Nicodemus75 13:05, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Bicycle, for the usual reasons. —RaD Man (talk) 14:56, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: Why are so many suggesting that they stop being nominated "until consensus is reached"? I suggested not nominating them because they won't be deleted; in other words for practical, not philosophical reasons. There is no current discussion on consensus. Wikipedia Schools is dead. There is no ongoing effort to reach consensus, since the pro-school faction seem to resent any effort to put a bar on notability, as is their right, since they view all schools as notable.  If the discussion is taking place somewhere and I just don't know about it, please correct me.--Scimitar parley 15:46, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree. There's no ongoing effort; all talks have broken down.  Until and unless the strongly inclusionist trend of the past four months either declines significantly, or solidifies into a consensus to keep schools, we'll have an impasse and VfD will be the appropriate forum for resolving the matter.
 * I'd observe that those supporting the existence of school articles have become better at concentrating their energy on nominated school articles, using the five-day lag time to research and clean up articles. Those opposing school articles have only one realistic response to this: to concentrate on preschools and other more controversial entries. This could be a realistic way of building support for the case that there should be some kind of boundary (which I would support--unverifiable entries, which preschools tend to be, shouldn't be on Wikipedia). --Tony Sidaway Talk  16:10, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The only real hope for those opposing school entries will be a serious decline of 'inclusionism'. Supporters will eventually turn to preschools and other institutions which may be less notable and research and clean up the articles in the same way now being undertaken for other schools. The view that schools are inherently notable includes private schools of all shape, preschools and other forms of schools. All VfD does at present, is force the cleaning up and researching of school stubs within the five-day lag time. In the meantime, the only sensible thing is continue VfD and for the 'inclusionists' to continue suggesting "stop nominating". This will be my vote on all schools I vote to keep from now on (or Bicycle).--Nicodemus75 20:37, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * So you're saying that all schools are important and deserve articles. Nobody's going to be writing a paper about school in metro Cleveland, where this information would be needed.  The school has no importance, like many schools, and the article is useless.  Should I make an article about my preschool, because our restroom had only one toilet and many kids, or how we couldn't go outside for our picnic because it was raining... no.  It's pointless information, and nobody cares.  The line has to be drawn somewhere. (Notorious4life 06:18, 20 August 2005 (UTC))
 * It's a matter of principle. You are right that nobody cares - I know several people who spend more energy (sometimes a lot more) on voting "keep" on school nominations, than on improving school articles. Radiant_ >|< 08:44, August 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non notable. Ëvilphoenix Burn! 05:15, August 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete just one of a million schools. Go start a school wiki or something. --TimPope 07:41, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Abstain - It's a fundamental question of whether Wiki should list every school on the planet. PlainSight 02:14, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. I say we stop if we get to Neptune and there are no schools there. --Tony Sidaway Talk  22:25, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Boisemedia 22:06, August 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Given that this is a short article, I suggest merge with North Olmsted City Schools which is a fairly small school district. Sjakkalle (Check!)  08:49, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
1927 Prince Edward Island general election

The 1927 Prince Edward Island general election was held in the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island on June 25, 1927.

The opposition Liberals led by Albert C. Saunders gained many seats to defeat the incumbent government of Conservative Premier James D. Stewart.

Members Elected
The Legislature of Prince Edward Island had two levels of membership from 1893 to 1996 - Assemblymen and Councillors. This was a holdover from when the Island had a bicameral legislature, the General Assembly and the Legislative Council.

In 1893, the Legislative Council was abolished and had its membership merged with the Assembly, though the two titles remained separate and were elected by different electoral franchises. Assembleymen were elected by all eligible voters of within a district, while Councillors were only elected by landowners within a district.


text:
User talk:Clair de Lune

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, you can post to the help desk or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! Shimgray 04:32, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Lizzy Bardsley
Thanks for notice, I put the VfD down. The world is really getting strange. Pavel Vozenilek 00:24, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

Explanation Please
I'd like an explanation as to your snide comments regarding the definitions discusses on the 'whites' page. I get the impression that you are some kind of leftist white-hating person. It is individuals such as yourself that wish to tear down freedom of speech, because it is not in line with your 'noble' anti-racist ideals. But almost every white-hating person is guilty of the very thing they endlessly scream at white people about: racism. You hate white people, you don't want them to have freedom of speech, and you don't want them to be able to associate as a group. But yet you tolerate racism and hatred spewed forth by all peoples of color. So, what do you have to say in response to this? User: Antonucc

Whites
I misread part of your edit to Whites, which made it appear like vandalism. On more careful reflection I see that it was not. I apologize for reverting your edit so hastily. Cheers, -Willmcw 00:26, August 20, 2005 (UTC)

Tony Mundine
My mistake entirely. I wouldn't say I'm young, being an early 70's child, but I didn't realise he had a father in the same profession, and notable as well. Wikipedia teaches me something every day. Thanks for your comment. I've reverted my changes. -- Longhair | Talk 02:58, 21 August 2005 (UTC)

Do Not Remove Ethnic Groups
Do not remove any ethnic groups from the list. Those additions I made were ethnic groups, you might not be familiar with them because some are regional terms, but they are not the only regional ethnic groups on the list and if you want to remove all regional ethnic groups, you should remove them all and not just the ones associated to the Irish. 64.109.248.118 02:50, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

Do Not Remove Ethnic Groups
They are ethnic groups and do not remove them. They are known ethnic groups, just because you aren't familiar with them, don't remove them. I'm not removing every ethnic group on the list I'm not familiar with. 64.109.248.118 03:00, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

B.I.C. or Bronx Irish Catholic is the term used to refer to the Irish-American Catholics that are from the Bronx, it is a well used term.

South Side Irish is the term for the Irish-Americans that live on the South Side of Chicago. Every year there is a large South Side Irish parade.

I'm sorry you aren't familiar with these groups, they aren't just being made up by me. I ask that you not remove a group just because you aren't familiar with them. 64.109.248.118 03:04, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

South Side Irish and B.I.C. are distinct groups, you don't know that though. They are both legit ethnic groups. They are not just like Irish people in any city, because they have their own term and there own unique culture. 64.109.248.118 03:12, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

South Side Irish are different from other types of Irish. 64.109.248.118 03:13, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

They have there own unique culture. They are an ethnic group because it is just a well established term and society. 64.109.248.118 03:20, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

How is a Mexican person in Texas any different from a Mexican person in Arizona? You don't seem to have a problem with that. 64.109.248.118 03:20, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

Irish and Italian
In America, Irish and Italians frequently inter-marry, and many people are descended of both Irish and Italian heritage, and these people are known as being from Irish-Italian familes and being Irish-Italian. 64.109.248.118 03:16, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

Good Reason
I have given good reason but you ignore it, you still don't understand that these groups are different from the standard Irish-American. You are ignorant of the cultures and should not remove them just because you think they are only apart of another culture. South Side Irish, B.I.C. aren't terms I just made up, they have been around for a long time, and they have established their own culture with their own traditions and yes, even their own clothes. 64.109.248.118 03:29, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

Also, shouldn't all Mexican ethnic groups be removed from the list? Seeing as how they are just Native American and European mix? 64.109.248.118 03:29, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

Own Culture
You say you keep Irish Travellers because they have their own culture, but what I have been telling you is that B.I.C. and S.S.I. have their own unique culture. 64.109.248.118 03:31, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

Double Standard
It's a double standard, you have to know that, and unless you remove all ethnic groups that can be put under one larger category, you should not target a specific group. 64.109.248.118 03:36, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

Reverting
I would not have to revert if people were not removing ethnic groups. 64.109.248.118 03:41, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

Why is Chicano on the list and then Tejano too, why are Mexicans in Texas different from Mexicans in the United States? Why is that acceptable? 64.109.248.118 03:41, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

Native Americans
Maybe you should remove all Native Americans on the list and just put them on once. A Native American from the southwest and a Native American from the northeast is no different than an Irish-American from Chicago or an Irish-American from the Bronx. 64.109.248.118 03:44, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

Talk Sense into your Friends
Everytime they revert they remove unquestioned ethnic groups along with the questionable. 64.109.248.118 03:54, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

I think if anyone should be banned for reverting it is Markalexander because when he reverts he takes away a part of the page that does not need to be taken off. 64.109.248.118 03:54, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

Tribes
If Native-American tribes are acceptable, just think of the SSI and BIC as Irish-American tribes. 64.109.248.118 03:58, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

Your request
Hi, regarding your request on my talk page about 3RR, if I look at the page history and find you've also violated 3RR, I have to block you too. We're not allowed to favor one side over the other, except in cases of vandalism or clear disruption, so you might want to rethink your request. ;-) SlimVirgin (talk) 04:08, August 23, 2005 (UTC)

 * He's been warned by Func so that should do it. Let Func or me know if he reverts again. SlimVirgin (talk) 04:18, August 23, 2005 (UTC)

reverts
Please don't revert Spanish language before 00.51 UTC August 5th as to do so would involve violating the 3RR rule. We need to work out a compromise on the talk page which you accuse me of not doing but are not doing yourself. I am willing to include the United States, which is more than you are with Belize, but only flagging it as not being the same as Latin American countries. It is nothing abouit anti Spanish in the States but it clearly is a different situation there, and as an encyclopedia we are duty bound to reflect that, SqueakBox 04:22, August 23, 2005 (UTC)

My point, in response to your message which I have now read, is that it is not the same in the US. That is where we disagree. can you source your claim. Is Spanish an official language in the US? In how many places is it used as the first language, or equal with English, in the schools? in the legal system: etc. As an English person I need to and feel duty bound to learn Spanish here. Many Hispanics feel the same when they are in the States, and wanyt to integrate. If their kids are taught in English in the schools they will end up thinking in English. And this is what happens, as I know from friends who went there from here and switched to English. now they are back here they switch back, SqueakBox 04:28, August 23, 2005 (UTC)

Don't accuse me of bad faith if I don't do what you want. How can you accuse me of not having a case? SqueakBox 04:45, August 23, 2005 (UTC)

I have responded to you point by point at Talk:Spanish language, SqueakBox 04:57, August 23, 2005 (UTC)

Tejanos
I need you to tell me what the difference in culture between Tejanos and Chicanos are. 66.73.198.159 22:46, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

Re: Intrapreneur
Please provide a specific URL with the copied text when reporting things on WP:CP. Otherwise it is really hard for the volunteer(i.e. me, in this case) to deal with the item. This in in regards to:
 * Intrapreneur is a straight lift from an About article.Clair de Lune 03:25, 21 August 2005 (UTC)

I'm just leaving it for now, but please do add a URL for the About article. Thanks! JesseW, the juggling janitor 09:42, 5 September 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Clair de Lune


text:
To Conquer Chaos

To Conquer Chaos is a 1964 science fiction novel by English writer John Brunner.

title: To Conquer Chaos


text:
1923 Prince Edward Island general election

The 1923 Prince Edward Island general election was held in the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island on July 24, 1923.

The opposition Conservatives led by James D. Stewart gained many seats to defeat the incumbent government of Liberal Premier John Howatt Bell.

This election had a number of firsts for PEI. It was the first election in which women on the Island could vote, following legislation passed in 1921.

It also featured the first organized third party in a PEI election, when local members of the Progressive Party ran four candidates in three Prince County districts and collected just over 2% of the vote.

Members Elected
The Legislature of Prince Edward Island had two levels of membership from 1893 to 1996 - Assemblymen and Councillors. This was a holdover from when the Island had a bicameral legislature, the General Assembly and the Legislative Council.

In 1893, the Legislative Council was abolished and had its membership merged with the Assembly, though the two titles remained separate and were elected by different electoral franchises. Assembleymen were elected by all eligible voters of within a district, while Councillors were only elected by landowners within a district.


text: User talk:69.119.195.202

title: User talk:69.119.195.202


text:
Indigenous Community Television

Indigenous Community Television (ICTV) is an Australian free-to-view digital television channel on the Viewer Access Satellite Television service. It broadcasts television programs produced by, and for, Indigenous Australians in remote communities. The channel is owned by membership-based company Indigenous Community Television Limited. Although ICTV is a community television channel by name and content, it broadcasts using an open-narrowcast licence instead of a standard community television licence.

History
In 2001, ICTV Limited was formed and began broadcasting a part-time segment on Imparja Info Channel, an open-narrowcast community-style channel already broadcasting occasional indigenous content from Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Media (PY Media) and Warlpiri Media Association (PAW Media). The channel operated from Imparja's broadcast facility in Alice Springs, Northern Territory, and was available on the Optus Aurora satellite service and via Imparja's analogue terrestrial transmitter network. The segment from ICTV was named 'IRCA in Action' and showcased predominantly local indigenous programs from a range of remote indigenous media organisations, including PAKAM, Ngaanyatjarra Media (NG Media) and organisations such as Bushvision.

By 2006, the programming from ICTV grew to encompass the channel 24 hours a day and the satellite channel was renamed to ICTV. Many remote indigenous communities in central and north eastern Australia had analogue terrestrial repeaters for this channel, which utilised community licences and later open-narrowcasting licences. In October 2006, ICTV was formally incorporated as a public company.

ICTV ceases transmission
On 12 July 2007, the Department of Communications, Information Technology and the Arts had implemented changes to the Indigenous Broadcasting Program in support of a new national indigenous TV channel. It was decided that the existing open-narrowcast licence from Imparja would be used to initially carry the channel, which resulted in ICTV ceasing transmission. For 2 years, ICTV Limited had no means of broadcasting content unless it was commissioned by National Indigenous Television, which was at odds with the company. The NITV commissioning model allegedly left out remote community producers due to the nature of how funding was allocated and other mandatory requirements.

ICTV Limited launched an online video service, IndigiTube, in April 2009.

The revival of ICTV
After a successful appeal to the Government of Western Australia, ICTV resumed broadcasting part-time on Westlink Network on 13 November 2009. Westlink Network was already carried on the existing Optus Aurora service as an open-narrowcast channel. Programming from ICTV was scheduled every weekend from Friday night to Monday morning. Remote communities with analogue terrestrial repeaters had begun to install equipment to automatically switch the NITV channel to Westlink Network every weekend.

On 28 May 2012, the Department for Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy awarded ICTV with an open-narrowcast licence to broadcast on the Viewer Access Satellite Television service. The channel commenced trial transmissions on 6 December 2012. On 18 April 2013, ICTV officially relaunched and began broadcasting 24 hours a day on virtual channel number 601 in standard definition 576i format. A launch party was held at the PAW Media grounds in Yuendumu, Northern Territory to mark the occasion.

ICTV commenced broadcasting in Alice Springs on 5 April 2017, after being awarded a digital terrestrial free-to-air licence. The channel resides on virtual channel number 41.

Programming
ICTV broadcasts a diverse range of indigenous programming, usually in the language of its contributors. Regular contributions are made by Aboriginal Resource and Development Services (ARDS), Pilbara and Kimberley Aboriginal Media (PAKAM), Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Media (PY Media), Warlpiri Media Association (PAW Media), Ngaanyatjarra Media (NG Media) and Broome Aboriginal Media Association (BAMA).

title: Indigenous Community Television


text:
1919 Prince Edward Island general election

The 1919 Prince Edward Island general election was held in the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island on July 24, 1919.

The opposition Liberals led by John Howatt Bell gained eleven seats to defeat the incumbent government of Conservative Premier Aubin E. Arsenault, who had succeeded former Premier John A. Mathieson in 1917.

John A. Dewar, a former Conservative member, was elected as an Independent Assembleyman for 3rd Kings.

Members Elected
The Legislature of Prince Edward Island had two levels of membership from 1893 to 1996 - Assemblymen and Councillors. This was a holdover from when the Island had a bicameral legislature, the General Assembly and the Legislative Council.

In 1893, the Legislative Council was abolished and had its membership merged with the Assembly, though the two titles remained separate and were elected by different electoral franchises. Assembly men were elected by all eligible voters of within a district, while Councillors were only elected by landowners within a district.


text:
Boats, Beaches, Bars & Ballads

Boats, Beaches, Bars & Ballads is a four disc compilation box set of Jimmy Buffett and the Coral Reefer Band's greatest hits, rarities, and previously unreleased songs. Released in 1992, the collection received Recording Industry Association of America quadruple platinum certification in 2001.

Disc one: Boats
Boats is the boat and sailing-themed disc. "Love and Luck" was previously unreleased on a Buffett album. "Take It Back," written for the US America's Cup yachting team, was previously available only as a single release. "Love and Luck" would later appear on the live album, Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays.

Disc two: Beaches
Beaches is the beach and ocean-themed disc. Of the 18 beach songs, notable songs are "Margaritaville," also known as the Buffett signature song, and "Cheeseburger in Paradise". "Money Back Guarantee" was previously unreleased on a Buffett album. "Christmas in the Caribbean" was previously released on the 1985 country music Christmas compilation album Tennessee Christmas.

Disc three: Bars
Bars is the drinking and party songs-themed disc. Beginning with "Fins", the album also includes "Why Don't We Get Drunk (And Screw)?" and "Pencil Thin Mustache." "Elvis Imitators," an attempt at an Elvis Presley rockabilly song, written by Steve Goodman and Mike Smith, and "Domino College" were both previously unreleased on a Buffett album. "Fins" and "Cuban Crime of Passion" were co-written with novelist Tom Corcoran.

Disc four: Ballads
Ballads is the ballads and love song-themed disc. The most notable songs are "Come Monday" and "He Went to Paris". This collection includes a remix of "I Heard I Was in Town", not the version that appears on Somewhere over China. "Middle of the Night" was previously unreleased on a Buffett album. "Everlasting Moon", was a live recording from Buffett's 1990 live album, Feeding Frenzy.

title: Boats, Beaches, Bars & Ballads


text:
1915 Prince Edward Island general election

The 1915 Prince Edward Island general election was held in the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island on September 16, 1915. The election was held in the midst of the First World War.

The election was won by the governing Conservatives, led by incumbent Premier John A. Mathieson, whose government lost a large number of seats as the opposition Liberals won back a number of districts lost in previous elections.

The Liberals in this election were able to climb up from one of their worst electoral defeats in 1912 to nearly topple the Mathieson government. However, it is unknown who the Liberal leader was during the election, if there was one at all. Previous Official Opposition Leader John Richards chose not to run in this election, while his successor John Howatt Bell was chosen as leader following the election. It is possible the Liberals did not have an official leader for this election.

Members Elected
The Legislature of Prince Edward Island had two levels of membership from 1893 to 1996 - Assemblymen and Councillors. This was a holdover from when the Island had a bicameral legislature, the General Assembly and the Legislative Council.

In 1893, the Legislative Council was abolished and had its membership merged with the Assembly, though the two titles remained separate and were elected by different electoral franchises. Assembleymen were elected by all eligible voters of within a district, while Councillors were only elected by landowners within a district.

Prince

 * John Howatt Bell named Leader of the Official Opposition and Liberal Party Leader following the election


text:
Imogen Edwards-Jones

Imogen Edwards-Jones (born June 1968, in Birmingham), is a British writer, author and journalist, who blogs for doyoutravel.com and Get the Gloss.

Biography
Edwards-Jones was educated at Malvern Girls' College, a boarding independent school in the spa town of Malvern in Worcestershire, which merged with another school in 2006 to form Malvern St James School, followed by the University of Bristol, where she gained a degree in Russian, and then City University London.

Edwards-Jones is best known for the Babylon series of exposés based on her 2004 novel, Hotel Babylon from an insider's view of the non-stop world of the hotel staff and guests alike.

In 2006, Edwards-Jones had a regular column in The Daily Telegraph, detailing her attempts at IVF which resulted in the birth of her daughter. She blogs for doyoutravel.com and Get the Gloss.

Edwards-Jones is married to the BBC's Creative Head of Comedy Talent, Kenton Allen. Candace Bushnell is her daughter's godmother.

Babylon series

 * Hotel Babylon (2004, with "anonymous", see also BBC series Hotel Babylon based on this book)
 * Air Babylon (2005, with "anonymous", in development by Carnival Films for television)
 * Fashion Babylon (2006, with "anonymous", see also BBC series Material Girl loosely based on this book)
 * Beach Babylon (2007, with "anonymous")
 * Pop Babylon (2008, with "anonymous")
 * Wedding Babylon (2009, with "anonymous")
 * Hospital Babylon (2011, with "anonymous")
 * Restaurant Babylon (2012, with "anonymous")

Other books

 *  The Taming of Eagles: Exploring the New Russia (1993) (with Joth Shakerley)
 * My Canapé Hell (2000)
 * Big Night Out (2002) (with Jessica Adams, Maggie Alderson and Nick Earls)
 * Shagpile (2002)
 * The Wendy House (2003)
 * Tuscany for Beginners (2004)
 * Ladies' Night (2005) (with Jessica Adams, Maggie Alderson and Chris Manby)
 * The Stork Club (2006)
 * In Bed With... (co-edited with Kathy Lette, 2009, with Jessica Adams, Maggie Alderson, et al.)
 *  The Witches of St Petersburg (2018)

title: Imogen Edwards-Jones


text: User talk:70.118.92.84

title: User talk:70.118.92.84


text: User talk:70.16.3.82

title: User talk:70.16.3.82


text:
1912 Prince Edward Island general election

The 1912 Prince Edward Island general election was held in the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island on January 3, 1912.

The election was won by the governing Conservatives, led by incumbent Premier John A. Mathieson, nearly sweeping the island's 30 districts and granting the Conservatives their first clear general election victory since the 1886 election.

Mathieson was designated Premier in December 1911 at the behest of the Lieutenant Governor, following the defeat of his predecessor, Liberal Premier H. James Palmer in a by-election, one that ultimately shifted the balance of power in the Legislature from a bare Liberal majority to a situation in the Conservative's favour.

H. James Palmer, having no seat in the Legislature and ultimately having lost the confidence of the Legislature, resigned from politics and did not run in this election. It is therefore unknown if Palmer led the Liberals in this election, though his biography at the PEI Legislative Documents Online archive makes reference to the "Palmer-led Liberals." There is no other listed leader for the Liberals during the election; Assemblyman John Richards led the Liberals as Leader of the Opposition in the 37th Legislature.

Members Elected
The Legislature of Prince Edward Island had two levels of membership from 1893 to 1996 - Assemblymen and Councillors. This was a holdover from when the Island had a bicameral legislature, the General Assembly and the Legislative Council.

In 1893, the Legislative Council was abolished and had its membership merged with the Assembly, though the two titles remained separate and were elected by different electoral franchises. Assembleymen were elected by all eligible voters of within a district, while Councillors were only elected by landowners within a district.


text:
Mus (card game)

Mus is a card game widely played in Spain, France and Hispanic America. Originating in the Basque Country, it is a vying game. The first reference to this game dates back to 1745, when Manuel Larramendi, philologist and Jesuit Basque, quoted it in a trilingual dictionary (Basque-Spanish-Latin).

In Spain it is the most widely played card game, spawning several Mus clubs or peñas and becoming a staple game among college students. It is not uncommon to hear the Basque terms, such as órdago (from Basque hor dago, "there it is" ) used by Spanish speakers, often without them being aware of the literal meanings of the terms and phrases.

The origin of the word Mus is uncertain. It could come from the Basque language, where musu means "kiss", the established signal of the better possible card combination (3 Kings and one Ace). Larramendi wrote about the word mus or "musu" meaning lips or face and suggests that the name of the game could have derived from the facial gestures used while playing.

According to another theory, the word "mus" comes from the Latin musso, that means "keep silent". It is conjugated as mus ("I keep silent"), in opposition to "talk", that is the word used to open the game.

A third hypothesis is that the word may have come from the French mouche ("fly"), from Latin mussula, although the concept "fly" has no relevance to any part of the game.

History
Basque emigrants carried the game to other countries such as the US and Australia, where it is played in Basque clubs. Nowadays there is an international Mus tournament, in addition to many national and regional competitions.

Description
The game is played between two opposing pairs of players with the Spanish deck which has 40 cards, without eights, nines, tens, or jokers,. Mus has a variety of different rules in the different regions of Spain.

The game has four rounds:
 * Handia ("Biggest"): playing for the highest combination of cards.
 * Txikia ("Smallest"): playing for the lowest combination of cards.
 * Pareak ("Pairs"): playing for the best matching card combination.
 * Jokoa ("Game"): playing for cards total values of 31 or more. Sometimes replaced by a Puntua (Point) special round.

In each of these four rounds players take by order a call each, verbalizing (usually after discussing it with their partner) whether the partnership will bid (envido) or pass (paso) which only results in skipping call turn to next player. After all four players have spoken each round, the bids (apostua) made are left hanging until the scoring round at the end. If no bet was made and all four players passed to bid, the round is "in pass" and will be decided at the end of the hand for a reduced value of just one point.

It has a distinctive feature in that passing some established signals (keinuak) between players is perfectly allowed during the game.

One other special feature of Mus is that it is a mostly verbal game, with little card-involving action, limited to deal and discard, if any. After cards are dealt and Mus (discard) is stopped, all rounds are played verbally, bets are called, passed, accepted or rejected but cards are not shown, dealt or touched in any further way, and the player is only obliged to show them in the end of the round if needed in order to resolve any accepted bet. This makes Mus more difficult to learn simply by watching others play than most other card games, as it can be difficult to follow simply by watching.

Rules
Mus is played by four players working as two teams. Partners sit opposite each other and play moves in a counter-clockwise direction.

Every hand consists of four rounds: Handia ("Biggest"), Txikia ("Smallest"), Pareak ("Pairs") and Jokoa ("Game"). If the "Game" round cannot be played because nobody has a hand total value of 31 or more, the whole round is replaced by Puntua ('Point'). After the fourth round, there is a scoring round, when all scores are calculated. The game is played with a pool of 30 points in the middle of the table. The points are usually represented by beans, coins or sometimes any other object, which are called hamarreko (oddly, from Basque "unit of ten", although it is worth five tanto) when playing the game. When a point is scored by a couple, one of this couple players takes a bean and puts it on their team's side. To decrease the need for many beans, one player's side counts as one-point beans and the other side as five-point beans. This makes it possible to play with only 16 beans in the table.

A match (partida) is divided into games (joko). Each game is won by the first team to reach 30 points. In Spain, three games count as one vaca and three vacas win the match, although there are many other scoring variations, for example, in some places the game is played to five games and five vacas. However, in the Basque Country and northern Spain La Rioja, Mus may played with four Kings and at 40 points instead of the standard 30. This variation has to be played with 22 beans in the pool instead of 16. In the rest of Spain, the regular rules are eight Kings and 30 points. When played with eight Kings, threes count as Kings and twos count as Aces. With eight Kings, it is much easier to get good hands and riskier to bet high.

Starting the game
In the first game, the dealer is selected randomly. After that, the dealer will be the last game's first player. In this way, the speaking order changes in each game and all the players get to be the first one to speak at some point. The dealer shuffles the cards and their left hand player cuts the deck. After this, they deal four cards, one card at a time, to each player starting with the player to their right and finishing with themself. Once the cards have been dealt, they put the deck aside and the game begins. The first player to speak will be the player at the right hand side of the dealer. Being the dealer is disadvantageous because ties are solved by speaking order: in case of a tie the person who spoke first wins.

"Musa" or "Musik ez"
Starting with the player to the right hand side of the dealer (known as Esku), each player declares whether or not they want to have a discard phase. By turns they say either "Musa" (to agree on discard) or "Musik ez". The turn to speak is as follows: 1 Esku. 2 His or her partner. 3 Second player (the one after "Esku"). 4 Fourth player, which is the dealer in the round and partner of the last. This position is commonly known as "postre" (last) as it comes last in the playing order, so that player has a somehow handicapped ability in that hand. This way the team that speak first can seem to render themselves vulnerable (being true or fake) letting the opposition know that their cards are not good enough, since they want to discard. The opposition team can then decide whether or not there will be mus.

Only if all four players agree, there is a discard phase (Mus), where they can discard up to all four cards or none at all. The dealer feeds to each player the requested cards one by one. After discard, the players repeat the process of discussing a new discard phase (Mus or not Mus) until at least one of them finally disagrees. If needed, the discarded pile can be reshuffled and dealt again as many times as needed. After a player refuses to have a new discard phase, the playing rounds begin. Of course, having one or more discard rounds will make the player and their partner get better cards, but the same applies for the opposing couple so this is the point to be considered regarding Mus.

Handia
The first round is called Handia. The two teams compete for the highest combination of cards. The highest cards in the Spanish deck are the Kings, followed by Knights and Jacks. In the variant game with eight kings, the threes work as the regular Kings and are therefore as high. For example, a hand like 'King-King-Knight-7' would be better for this round than 'King-Knight-Knight-7'. As it is a bidding game, if one team does not accept the bid then they may not win the hand even though they have higher cards.

Txikia
The second round is the Txikia. The two teams compete for the lowest combination of cards. The lowest cards in the Spanish deck are the Aces. In the variant game with eight Kings, there are also eight aces, with the twos being the second set of aces. For example, a hand like 'Ace-Ace-5-Knight' would be better for this round than 'Ace-Ace-5-King'.

The Txikia is a round that is overtly despised by most players, since bidding to it reveals (or at least suggests, which can be used) that the player has quite low cards, thus putting the player in a weakened position in the remaining rounds (their Pair should be low, if any, and probably has no Game). Further to this, since all players probably have quite high cards, the chances of getting the bid accepted are scarce.

Pareak
Before the third and fourth are played, players run a pre-round, declaring whether they have matching cards (Parerik). In this pre-round, the players announce by turns 'Pareak bai'(they have matching cards) or 'Parerik ez' (they don't have matching cards). Having matching cards means that two or more of the cards in their hands have the same face value. If none of the players in a team can play, the whole round is skipped and the other team will score the round in the scoring phase. If none of the four players has Pares, the whole round is skipped altogether.

The lowest combination of matching cards for this round is a single pair ('pareak'), followed by three-of-a-kind ('medial') and the highest Two-pair ('dupleak'). There is no special denomination for four-of-a-kind; it is considered as a Two-pair. Unlike in poker, in mus, Two-pair is a better combination than three-of-a-kind. This accounts for the fact that it is usually played with eight kings and eight aces, which makes three-of-a-kind easier to attain. In case of a tie, the combination with the highest value wins. A 'Knight-Knight-Knight-5' hand would beat 'Ace-Ace-Ace-King'. If two players had exactly the same pares combination, the tie is solved by speaking order: the player who spoke first wins. In the variant game with eight Kings, threes are Kings and twos are Aces for all purposes. This means that a hand such as 'King-3-2-Ace' is effectively a Two-pair of Kings and Aces.

Jokoa
The fourth and last round is the Jokoa (Game). As in the Pares round, players run a pre-round before the actual round, declaring whether they are able to play or not. Being able to play the Jokoa round means that the total value of the cards in the player's hand is 31 or higher. Players announce by turns 'Jokoa bai' (I have 'Game') or 'Jokorik ez' (I don't have 'Game'). In order to be able to play this round, players have to sum up the face values of their cards, except for face cards, which all count 10. In the variant game of eight Kings, threes count as Kings and twos count as Aces, and therefore they add 10 and 1 respectively to the total hand value. For example, a hand like 'King-3-3-2' will add up to 31 points. The highest total card value for this round is 31, followed by 32, then 40, 37, 36, 35, 34 and the lowest is 33. 38 and 39 are impossible combinations, because in the Spanish deck there are no 8s and 9s. Take into account that 31 is a very easy combination to have in the eight Kings variant, since there are so many 10-value cards and Aces. If none of the players of a team can play, the round is finished and the other team will score the round in the scoring phase. In the situation where none of the four players can play the 'Jokoa' round, it will be replaced by 'Puntua'. The players compete for the highest total card value, being 30 the highest possible total. As usual, in case of a tie, the speaking order rule will solve it.

Good hands for the fourth round involve having at least two ten-point cards (King, Knight, Jack). The only combination of cards that has only one ten-point card is 'King/Knight/Jack-7-7-7'. This is clearly difficult to get and some variants have special rules for this hand and reward it by letting it win against other 31-point combinations regardless of speaking order. Some other regions restrict this special rule to the combination 'Jack-7-7-7' and some others restrict it further by requiring Jack and sevens to be of specific suits. This is called '31 real' ('Royal 31') or simply 'la real' ('The Royal').

Playing
After the cards have been dealt, the players start playing the rounds, starting by the first one. By speaking order, they have the option of bidding or passing. If a player bids, an opposing player may pass or counterbid. An accepted bid will be left pending until the scoring round. The minimum bid is two points. Once a bid is accepted, the players move on to the next round. If a counterbid is not accepted, the original bidder scores the number of points of the original bid. If the first bid is not accepted, the bidder scores one point straight away. In the scoring round, winners of pending bids will receive the points. There is an exceptional kind of bid called 'hor dago' (in Basque, "there it is"), which, if accepted, ends the whole game in favor of the winning team. Bids are made and accepted by a single player, but the scoring is made by the team. It is therefore possible to accept a bid which the player knows they are going to lose so their teammate will win. If all the players pass in the first or second round, the winning team of each of these rounds will get one single point in the scoring phase once the cards are revealed. This is often the case for the second round, which teams sometimes refuse to bid on but then later claim the single point if they have the lowest combination of cards, even if it's only with one ace.

Enbido
"'Enbido'" (I bid) is the commonest expression used to bid, it specifically means a two-point bid, which is the lowest possible bid. Then the rival could reply with "'beste bi'" or "'Envido más'" (I bid more), which means they want the 2-bid and even raises the bid two more. However, in every round and turn to call players can bet or raise the existing bet as many points as they wish or even all of them (Ordago) with no limitations. In parts of Spain it is common to play the Ordago by taking a big stone (The Ordago's stone) with the left hand and raising it up. If the opponent accepts the bid, he or she has to take a bigger stone and raise it, too.

Scoring
After the four rounds have been played and bids have been accepted, there is a scoring round, where the players show their cards and winning bid players claim their bets. In addition to that, the third and fourth rounds give additional scores to the winners depending on how good their hand was. The winning team of the third round scores 1 additional point for each single-pair they have, two points for every three-of-a-kind and three points for every Two-pair. The winning team of the fourth round scores two additional points for each player who could play the round or three points if that player had a total card value of exactly 31. If they played a 'Puntua' round instead, the winning team of the round scores only a single additional point. Scoring is done in sequence and stopped as soon as a team reaches a winning score (even if the opposing team would get a higher score if all the rounds are accounted for). The or dago changes the scoring sequence. The or dago is evaluated immediately and scoring of all other rounds is discarded.

Strategy
It is impossible to have a hand that wins all the rounds so the best winning hands are usually very good in some rounds, but not all. for example, a hand such as 'King-King-King-King' is very good in the first and third round, but exceptionally bad in the second and mediocre in the fourth. Similarly, a hand such as 'King-King-Knight-Ace' is very good in the fourth round, mediocre in first and third rounds and very bad in the second one. Players usually take into account the cards their teammate might have in order to score in rounds they initially had no good cards for. Also, winning third and fourth rounds always gives additional points and a good strategy is to break the discard phase when both team members can play third and fourth rounds, even with mediocre cards, in order to score those bonuses.

Signs
In Mus, passing gesture signs indicating which cards a player has to their teammate is perfectly legal, being a decisive strategic factor. However, these signals can only be the ones specified in the rules as explained below, any non-standard signal is not allowed and would result in disqualification if proved.

Sharing knowledge of cards with a partner results in more effective play and allows a more accurate evaluation of the team's chances to win each bet; however, rival players may see the partners passing a signal and get to know their cards. If a rival's signal is detected without their realizing it, a weak spot may be found in their cards which can be used to counter-attack, reversing the hunter-prey role or at least avoiding their strong-point beads.

There are many commonly accepted signals (keinuak) allowed in the game. Any can be used at any time to indicate the hand a player is holding (while trying to hide the transmission of the signal from opponents). The signals have a fixed meaning and it is against the rules to use other signals or use false signals (by signalling a hand which is not held). The keinuak are:
 * Two Kings: biting the centre of the bottom lip
 * Three Kings: biting one side of the bottom lip
 * Two Aces: poking out the tongue
 * Three Aces: poking out the tongue to one side
 * Single Pair (pareak): tilting the head to one side
 * Three-of-a-kind (Mediak): pursing lips to one side of the mouth
 * Two-pairs (Dupleak): raising the eyebrows
 * 31 (Hogeita hamaikakoa, i.e. 31-point Jokoa): winking
 * 30 (30 puntos): lifting both shoulders
 * 29: (29 puntos): lifting the right shoulder
 * 28: (28 puntos): lifting the left shoulder
 * I have nothing (Itsuarena, blind). This indicates a bad hand: closing the eyes
 * Royal 31 (31ko erreala, see above): touching the earlobe

Not all of these signals are accepted in all variations and there might be other signals in use. It is always good to clarify the signals in use when playing for the first time.

Players have a wide variety of approaches to signal use, some players make a great number of signals, as soon as they have the chance, some players seldom or never make signals. On the other hand, some players show a honed skill in catching the rival's signals whereas other players do not even make too much an effort to disrupt the opposing couple's signals; some would stare continuously and overtly to the rivals' faces for intercepting signals and others would pretend to get distracted or to be not too interested in catching rival's signals in order to make them overconfident and thus catch subsequent signals.

Named hands in Spain
In Spain, some arrangements have particular names:

 * Duples gallegos ("Galician duples") : King-King-Ace-Ace
 * Duples castellanos ("Castilian duples") also called "Duples polacos" ("Polish duples") and "Duples alemanes" ("German duples"): King-King-Knight-Knight.
 * Duples vascos ("Basque duples") : King-King-Jack-Jack
 * Duples palentinos ("Palentian duples") : King-Knight-Ace-Ace. Actually not duples, as can be seen.
 * 31 Real ("Royal 31"): Also, La real ("The Royal"): Jack-7-7-7. It is the only combination of cards that adds up to 31 for the fourth round with only one figure card (King/Knight/Jack). Different house rules consider this hand to beat any other 31-hand with varying requirements. Some people would allow King-7-7-7, while others would require the original Jack-7-7-7 only when the Jack is of a specific suit. Some people restrict it further by requiring that the sevens be of different suit than the Jack. As an example, the rules of a particular tournament might declare that the only hand considered 'Royal 31' is the Jack of coins together with the 7s of swords, clubs and cups.
 * La Jugada del tío Perete ("Uncle Perete's hand"): 4-5-6-7. It is simply the worst hand possible. It is weak in all four rounds. Certain house rules allow a single point to be awarded to a player that openly declares this hand before starting to play. Some other places might call it differently: Tanganete in La Rioja or Peterete in Castile and León.
 * Solomillo ("Tenderloin") or la bonita ("The Pretty one"): King-King-King-Ace. Some rule sets reserve the name of "solomillo" for pure hands, that is, three Kings and an Ace without 3s or 2s. Unlike the '31 erreala' hand, this distinction has no effect at all on gameplay.
 * Ley del Mus ("Law of Mus"): King-King-Knight-Jack. This hand is seen as the minimum a player has to have in order to accept risky bets, at least in first, third and fourth rounds.
 * La Josito ("The Josito"): King-Knight-Ace-Ace.

title: Mus (card game)


text:
Critical Path, Inc.

Critical Path is a provider of messaging services, working in partnerships with mobile operators, telecommunications companies, ISPs, and enterprises. It was acquired on December 4, 2013, by Openwave Messaging and is now headed by Openwave Messaging President and CEO, Joe Campbell. On March 2, 2016, it was announced that Synchronoss Technologies agreed to acquire Openwave Messaging.

History
Critical Path, Inc. was founded in 1997 by David C. Hayden and Wayne de Geere III as a provider of outsourced email service to ISPs. In 1998 they hired a new CEO, Doug Hickey and acquired Usenet provider Supernews. The company went public on March 29, 1999. The IPO was covered favorably by the trade press at the time. In early 2001, nearly two years after their IPO, a series of lawsuits against Critical Path were filed over hiring practices, accounting irregularities, and securities fraud, culminating in a management shakeup and SEC action against the company's President, David Thatcher, and other executives. Thatcher and two others pleaded guilty and were sentenced to jail terms from three months to one year. In 2005 their stock was delisted by Nasdaq.

In 2007 the company went private and in 2008 sold Supernews to Giganews.

In October 2010, Critical Path and Mirapoint, a secure enterprise messaging company, announced their decision to merge.

title: Critical Path, Inc.


text:
1908 Prince Edward Island general election

The 1908 Prince Edward Island general election was held in the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island on November 18, 1908.

The election was won by the governing Liberals, led by incumbent Premier Francis Haszard. Haszard had taken over from his predecessor, Arthur Peters, following his death in January 1908.

Haszard resigned as Premier in 1911 following appointment to the province's Supreme Court, and he was succeeded as Premier by H. James Palmer. Due to his designation as Premier, Palmer ran in a by-election in his district of 3rd Queens; traditionally, the Opposition does not run a candidate in these triggered by-elections, but the Conservatives did in the December, 1911 by-election and defeated Palmer in his own district.

The opposition Conservatives, led by John A. Mathieson, gained five seats in this election.

Members Elected
The Legislature of Prince Edward Island had two levels of membership from 1893 to 1996 - Assemblymen and Councillors. This was a holdover from when the Island had a bicameral legislature, the General Assembly and the Legislative Council.

In 1893, the Legislative Council was abolished and had its membership merged with the Assembly, though the two titles remained separate and were elected by different electoral franchises. Assembleymen were elected by all eligible voters of within a district, while Councillors were only elected by landowners within a district.


text:
1904 Prince Edward Island general election

The 1904 Prince Edward Island general election was held in the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island on December 7, 1904.

The election was won by the governing Liberals, led by incumbent Premier Arthur Peters. Peters' own election in the district of 2nd Kings was almost in doubt, due to a tie vote of 515 votes each for him and his Conservative opponent; following a judicial recount, a by-election was held where Peters was acclaimed as the district's Assemblyman.

Peters died in January 1908, and was succeeded as Premier by Francis Haszard.

The seat counts of both parties in this election did not change.

One of the two members from each constituency is styled a Councillor, and the other an Assemblyman. In electoral contests Councillor candidates runs against Councillor candidates; Assemblyman candidates against Assemblyman candidates.

Members Elected
The Legislature of Prince Edward Island had two levels of membership from 1893 to 1996 - Assemblymen and Councillors. This was a holdover from when the Island had a bicameral legislature, the General Assembly and the Legislative Council.

In 1893, the Legislative Council was abolished and had its membership merged with the Assembly, though the two titles remained separate and were elected by different electoral franchises. Assembleymen were elected by all eligible voters of within a district, while Councillors were only elected by landowners within a district.