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Talk:List of backup software

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Entry Order
The entries are now going either going in in random order or people are incapable of putting them in Alphabetically. Fabkins (talk) 09:28, 16 March 2011 (UTC)

Online backup solutions
Should there not be a section for online backup solutions like mozy.com ? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 213.107.92.135 (talk • contribs)
 * See remote backup service. —Quarl (talk) 2006-02-22 00:08Z

Proposed: Merge Managed backup providers into this page. That page would make a good section on this page and then we can have one fewer page full of spam links. -- Austin Murphy 18:58, 16 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Merge performed. The text may need to be edited a bit more.  -- Austin Murphy 17:07, 28 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Backup providers are "services" not "sofware" as such Managed_backup_providers is now merged and redirected to List_of_online_backup_services. --Hm2k (talk) 12:15, 4 November 2008 (UTC)

merge
Wikipedia is not a link repository, and that's all this page was. I have merged the salvageable parts of this article to Backup software. —Quarl (talk) 2006-02-22 00:10Z

demerge
For some reason, backup software is a popular category to spam. Everyone and their brother has apparently written a backup software package and wants to register it with wikipedia. Since these edits are being done nearly daily and there is no sign of them stopping, this page is probably the best place for them. Other wikipages dealing with backup software should wikilink here instead of enumerating a list of packages themselves. This page could possibly prevent a plethora of uninteresting stub articles about insignificant backup software packages. -- Austin Murphy 21:45, 23 August 2006 (UTC)

 * The mass external links are entirely inappropriate for any wikipedia article. WP:NOT a web directory. Please do not add them again. --GraemeL (talk) 19:43, 30 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Actually, it is entirely inappropriate to delete half the page indiscriminately. Along with the many external links, you deleted the associated list items.  In your zeal to stamp out spam, you have decimated a fairly popular page that serves a useful purpose.  Instead of dozens of near-useless wiki-pages that are bound to be created in its absence, this page serves as a neutral point of view location to list, categorize and briefly describe any backup software package or service that may be at least somewhat notable, but not deserving separate wikipages.  You obviously did not spend much time evaluating your edit, since you left wikilinks to vanity/spam pages like Ahsay & Langmeier Backup.

 * Wikipedia has several articles about backup related topics and they freqently attract the attention of spammers. Linking to list of backup software at the bottom or those pages keeps those pages clean by giving the spammers an appropriate place to describe their product.  Since it is centralized, those "spam" edits, can be quickly noticed by someone who follows the topic and folded into the structure.  If you had taken a closer look, you would have also noticed that the links contain no text and the entries are sorted alphabetically.  This page (including the links) is useful for someone researching backups and backup software.  A full description of every backup software package does not belong in Wikipedia.  The use of external links serves to extend the thread of inquiry beyond the limits of Wikipedia.

 * If you are interested in the topic or otherwise feel you can contribute constructively, I welcome you to help out with editing. Regardless, please refrain from indiscriminately deleting information.  -- Austin Murphy 20:45, 1 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Please refrain from making edits that are contested! Other software lists have external links only for red-linked pages.  This encourages stubs to be written.  If no stub is ever written, or if an article is deleted, the whole entry is removed from the list.  This is effective SPAM control and list maintenance (note that WP:NOT says that WP is not for lists of external or internal links!).  I've formatted the list as such (removing external links for blue-linked articles & removing entries which have had deleted articles).  --Karnesky 01:38, 3 December 2006 (UTC)
 * This process has cut the external links from 91 to 30. 30 is still a lot & many of those (particularly the managed backup service providers) will probably be removed eventually.  However, I believe this is a fairly semi-objective criteria by which we can judge notability & by which we can remove spam but still encourage articles.  --Karnesky 17:44, 3 December 2006 (UTC)

 * In that case, how about converting the links to be comments after the redlinks? That would remove the advertising factor, but leave a source available for anybody willing to write the stubs. --GraemeL (talk) 17:58, 3 December 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm neutral to this. On the one hand, I think it would help to immediately cleanup the merged backup service providers section (I don't think the other sections are that bad compared to other lists of software).  However, actually having external links lowers the barrier for writing a new articles.  It also helps with list maintenance--a majority of redlinks that don't have links next to them are for articles that have been deleted (usually AfDed as nn).  This indicates they should be removed.
 * I won't revert if you comment out external links on this page, but neither do I want this to be conceived as a "precedent" to be applied to other pages where the linkspam may not be as big of a problem. --Karnesky 18:10, 3 December 2006 (UTC)

 * I wouldn't see it as a precedent, I just thought it a good compromise for here. I'll leave the links intact for those marked as GPL. --GraemeL (talk) 18:16, 3 December 2006 (UTC)

Comparison
It would be cool if we knew which operating systems the software was able to back up. Maybe its time we make a Comparison of backup software --Krappie 16:29, 8 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Some rational organization would definitely be nice, but a separate page seems like overkill. I don't think we even need to make this into a table, although that could possibly be useful.  Why not just put symbol tags like (WIN), (MAC), (LIN), (SOL), (NOV), etc. following the name and a little Legend somewhere.   Most products support either one platform (windows) or nearly everything so this could still end up being a total mess.  -- Austin Murphy 22:19, 8 November 2006 (UTC)
 * I second this notion too. However, I suggest the comparison be added to the end of the list, until it's large enough to justify it's own article. Titles will include "Software Title", Windows, Mac, Unix-based, "Distributed as" (or license). Does anyone have any suggestions of common features to list in the table? --Hm2k (talk) 12:20, 4 November 2008 (UTC)

Bacula appears twice
Which is correct? (I can see where an entry would appear more than once, just not a case where it is clearly categorized and then declared uncategorized.)

For large networks of systems

 * Bacula GPL - a set of computer programs that permit you (or the system administrator) to manage backup, recovery, and verification of computer data across a network of computers of different kinds.

Uncategorized
--KevinCole 20:01, 16 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Bacula GPL- Network based backup program.
 * It's the former. fixed now. -- Austin Murphy 19:37, 30 November 2006 (UTC)

Categorization
I think sections need to be improved. What differentiates a "large network" from a "small network?" Why is 'dump' not in 'for single machine?' --Karnesky 23:56, 2 December 2006 (UTC)
 * I thought the whole categorisation was irrelevant, and was unmaintainable. So I removed it, instead it could be a possible "feature" for the comparison table. --Hm2k (talk) 12:22, 4 November 2008 (UTC)

Conflict in CDP column
Microsoft Enterprise Data Protection is not listed as CDP, although it is mentioned in the first sentence of its article that it in fact is. Changing CDP status... Flegozoff (talk) 02:20, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

External URLs as references?
Any reason external URLs (which are meant to be fairly temporary--to promote stubs to be started) are now in a reference section? --Karnesky 19:08, 11 January 2007 (UTC)

 * It seems like putting the external links in the reference section is just a way of bypassing WP:NOT and the link spam tag. I commented out those ref URLs so now the style is consistent. BTW, I like how you comment out the external links instead of deleting them. I've never thought of doing that before and now I'm commenting out too. I wonder if the spammers get less angry this way? (Requestion 22:42, 9 March 2007 (UTC))

 * I just read User:GraemeL's suggestion up above about "converting the links to be comments after the redlinks." Great idea, thanks. (Requestion 22:54, 9 March 2007 (UTC))

 * The external links you left uncommented were to the free/open source products that remained for the last purge. They weren't a devious way around linkspam, as they had been explicitly permitted to begin with.
 * It used to be that I could assume that a redlink with no external link was a deleted article (typically due to lack of notability), so I'd have a robust method to cleanup the list. Now, I don't know how much value the reference links & the commented out links really serve.  Instead of external link cruft, we accumulate redlink cruft. --Karnesky 03:12, 10 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Cruft, I know what you mean. It's not the best solution but what I've found on other software lists is that spammers tend to emulate. If they don't see any external links then they are less likely to add one. If they see only blue links then might also be less likely to disturb that pleasant sea of calm and add a red link. So periodically removing the red links might help ward off some of the spammers. Dealing with spammers is a lot like training monkeys, if you don't show them the syntax for adding an external link then they might never figure it out on their own, but then there is always the clever one. (Requestion 03:49, 10 March 2007 (UTC))

What about rsync.net?
Anyone mind if rsync.net is added to the Managed backup service providers list? I was going to add it but I didn't know the wiki naming convention: RsyncDotNet or Rsync_Net_(website) or ...? Meonkeys 04:01, 17 January 2007 (UTC)

Genie Backup manager
Genie Backup Manager has been removed many times from the article and then re-added. Why should it or should not be in this list? Jeltz talk  19:29, 6 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Since it is apparently notable enough for a WP article (and is backup software), I think it does belong in this list, but under proprietary software for small networks section and ONLY there. Every other product is listed once, even if there are multiple editions and/or they technically fit under multiple headings (because they do both network and local backup, for example).  It befuddles me as to why multiple anonymous IPs think that Genie should be special.  If we make a comparison of backup software, we will be better able to address the categorization. --Karnesky 20:45, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

Any reason Ghost isn't on here?
... its merits / demerits aside? -thanks, Onceler 03:18, 29 June 2007 (UTC)

Add Odin?
Odin should appear in the list of Open Source backup software. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 59.183.118.5 (talk) 15:35, 10 March 2009 (UTC)

Redlink cleanup
A while ago I removed redlinks as a good measure of non-notability and spam links, but was reverted. Another editor has just performed the same task. Let's discuss the best way forward. --Steve (Stephen)talk 03:33, 1 July 2007 (UTC)
 * As the editor you mentioned, I will just say I did the cleanup for the same reason, and I'm open to discussion on the issue. I believe some redlinks are actually good for the encyclopaedia, but there were really too many. I removed about 48 unlinked entries, leaving 41 linked entries. Lists such as these benefit from an occasional prune. If there were any notable entries, without articles, that I removed, perhaps editors would like to write the articles if they are to be re-linked. This is after all a list of encyclopaedia articles, not a list of software. -- zzuuzz (talk) 03:53, 1 July 2007 (UTC)
 * I rved Stephen's purge (which was done in parts & started at the top of the list (that happens to be free software with no financial incentive for linkspam & included potentially notable software like rsnapshot and rdiff-backup).
 * The most problematic section has been the commercial managed backup providers, as that section had been a major target for linkspam. Stephen's edits never got that far.  Perhaps we can remove ALL red links from that section & restore some of those in the software sections?  The managed backup section is alone the reason that there were more redlinks than blue links.
 * In the past, we've removed entries for deleted articles and also any external link spam. To minimize the number of red links, we took off the ones that had been there the longest (something like over a year or maybe only six months).
 * I still believe there is value in keeping SOME red links to encourage stubs, but haven't started any stubs from this list in a while myself.
 * --Karnesky 04:56, 1 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Yes, your memory is better than mine, I did only start on the first section --Steve (Stephen)talk 07:25, 1 July 2007 (UTC)
 * So are there any potentially notable free solutions that don't have articles. I agree with your rationale, but now a year later wouldn't most of the obvious blanks have been filled in? --Steve (Stephen)talk 02:56, 4 July 2007 (UTC)
 * What do you mean by "a year later?"
 * I think DIBS is notable--the article was recently deleted as an advertisement (not for notability reasons). It is in many *nix distros, has been featured in independently written articles.
 * I still think rdiff-backup & rsnapshot are notable, but they've been redlinks for quite some time.
 * I don't personally know much about SystemImager, but it seems to have independent press.
 * I don't personally know much about BackupNinja, but it seems to be in Debian & have several users there.
 * --Karnesky 15:15, 4 July 2007 (UTC)
 * When you said "something like over a year or maybe only six months", I assumed that was a few (six) months ago and they are still redlinks. I'll take your superior knowledge and see if maybe some of those you list are in other articles, eg. Maybe BackupNinja is mentioned in Debian or such like... --Steve (Stephen)talk 08:29, 6 July 2007 (UTC)

rdiff-backup is mentioned in the rsync article. I am surprised it doesn't have an own article yet considering how well-known it is. It is even included in the core Ubuntu distribution (i.e. not universe). I took the liberty of re-adding it to the article after seeing the number of Google hits. Jeltz talk  22:07, 10 July 2007 (UTC)

I cleaned it up again. --Hm2k (talk) 12:22, 4 November 2008 (UTC)

I see this article is still attracting redlink spam. A reminder to newer editors that this article only lists notable entries with their own articles. Please don't add or restore entries without articles - they will be removed. Greenman (talk) 00:46, 13 May 2010 (UTC)

 * The odd part is that there isn't a consensus to not have redlinks here or anywhere. I refer to the comment above about pruning every now and again when it becomes excessive but that is standard process, we even have a template warning on it. But one version of software is not going to end the world. Hell In A Bucket (talk) 14:41, 14 May 2010 (UTC)

HeatSoft Automatic Sync
I have added HeatSoft Automatic Sync but I think someone deleted it, I find it very powerfull, and cost/effective. I suggest to add it for small networks, because it is used by known companies as: Lockhead Martin, Hyundai, Audi and even the US ARMY. The link is: http://heatsoft.lugermedia.com/en_index.html —Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.60.159.158 (talk) 23:47, 31 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Dear Mr Luger, please stop spamming links to your product all over Wikipedia. Thanks. --Stephen 00:15, 1 November 2007 (UTC)

Yosemite Technologies
Quick background first. My name is Brian Gardner. I do currently work for Yosemite. Before that, I worked for EMC and Legato helping drive NetWorker development.

All I'd like to see here is some note about http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tapeware (Yosemite's original product) and Yosemite Backup (Tapeware's new name). Tapeware has been around in some form since prior to 1990. Yosemite itself was founded in 1996 (but I need to verify that date). Yosemite Backup has 1000's of customers who have paid in excess of US$500 (not worth what it once was, I know) for the Master Server alone, so it does seem to deserve a place on this list.

I'd be happy to write it up, and add to other backup software content as well. But I don't want to get flamed by the community here because they think I'm just doing this to promote myself or my company. The kind of info I'm thinking of is provenance, such as is available on wikipedia for backupexec, platform coverage, etc.

So, folks, what's the best way to add Yosemite info and possibly add to NetWorker background as well? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 209.203.117.61 (talk) 16:53, 30 January 2008 (UTC)

Total Recall
I currently use this service and find it to be extremely good. It's a new service taking the UK by storm. I'd already added a total recall page to the Managed backup service providers section of this article before I noticed a requirement to discuss it's addition. Is their any objection to it? Kashiabu (talk) 16:21, 28 February 2008 (UTC)
 * Your contributions to wikipedia have only dealt with this single, commercial product. Please disclose any conflicts of interest that you have. --Karnesky (talk) 16:24, 28 February 2008 (UTC)

What to add to this article
The consensus formed above is to link to articles about software. External links to software aren't appropriate (read WP:EL for more information about external links) and links to articles about companies that make software don't belong in this article. If a backup software program or package is notable enough to have its own article, then it should be linked here. Otherwise, this list will become a linktrap. Brilliant Pebble (talk) 21:09, 25 July 2008 (UTC)
 * I disagree with your read. Red links are beneficial if they lead to stubs.  Purging a newly-added redlink for something that passes WP:N and WP:V is over zealous.  Red links that stick around for too long do need to be purged, lest we get too crufty.  External links may provide a reference for creating a stub.  If they're left as a comment, there is no gratification to spammers, etc., but they can aid editors. --Karnesky (talk) 02:01, 26 July 2008 (UTC)
 * Red links by definition do not lead to stubs. -- 41.177.9.68 (talk) 10:40, 1 May 2009 (UTC)

This is a good starting point for a discussion, and I kind of agree with the view of "if there's no article on the software itself, it's not worth linking". *However*, unless the whole article follows this principle, I have an issue with my BakBone link being removed. First of all, BakBone more or less only produces NetVault, which is mentioned in the company article, but secondly, almost all of the links *already* point to software companies. Examples are "CommVault Systems", "Computer Associates", "SonicWall", "UltraBac Software", and "Unitrends". That's more than a third of the links in that section. So until someone can come up with a reason why *those* links are valid and fixes the article accordingly, I'm going to put BakBone back in there - and once I've got time, I'll write an article on the product. It's certainly more valid than a link to a Wiki article that doesn't even exist to a company (InMage Systems), and while I'd be hoping to provide full articles for all the links mentioned, I'd rather have company links than no information at all for the time being.Quark999 (talk) 23:23, 30 August 2008 (UTC)

2010 Jan 10: Western Digital Smartware should be put on Wikipedia to compare to other software. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 154.20.154.48 (talk) 02:54, 11 January 2011 (UTC)

Definition of "Backup Software"
I've realized that some of the products on this page are not necessarily "Backup Software". Especially things like CDP solutions - given the amount of links, maybe grouping by "Large", "Small" and "Single" isn't enough, and in some cases not even appropriate. Maybe we should instead focus on certain functionality aspects? Although I fear that might open the flood gates for more discussions on whether or not a certain software package supports that feature or not...Quark999 (talk) 23:35, 30 August 2008 (UTC)
 * This seems to relate to the categorisation issue mentioned above, and could be resolved by using a comparison table, also mentioned above. --Hm2k (talk) 12:24, 4 November 2008 (UTC)

More backup solutions
I did not add these to the list because they don't necessarily have Wikipedia pages yet:

 * SmartBackup http://www.jam-software.com/smartbackup/
 * Second Copy http://www.centered.com/
 * Ultra Backup http://astase.com/ (French)
 * Bounceback http://www.cmsproducts.com/products/backup_software/bounceback/default.html
 * SyncBack http://www.2brightsparks.com/syncback/ (freeware)
 * File Backup Watcher http://www.dswsoft.com/fbw.php
 * Karen's Replicator (no restore) http://www.karenware.com/powertools/ptreplicator.asp
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SyncToy
 * fwbackups - http://www.diffingo.com/oss/fwbackups —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.118.172.153 (talk) 06:59, 6 January 2010 (UTC)
 * Abakt http://www.snapfiles.com/get/abakt.html -- 41.177.9.68 (talk) 10:39, 1 May 2009 (UTC)
 * rdiff-backup http://www.gnu.org/savannah-checkouts/non-gnu/rdiff-backup/ —Preceding unsigned comment added by SzpakEng (talk • contribs) 11:55, 10 May 2009 (UTC)

Many excellent free ones here: http://www.tech-faq.com/free-backup-software.shtml --Espoo (talk) 20:14, 13 May 2009 (UTC)
 * [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute constructively to the encyclopedia, adding content without citing a reliable source is not consistent with our policy of verifiability. Take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. If you are familiar with Citing sources, please take this opportunity to add references to the article.  --Hm2k (talk) 08:22, 29 July 2009 (UTC)
 * Looks very complicated, perhaps someone could look at finding suitable references for CommVault's 'Simpana Backup and Recovery' software and add it? 82.70.173.139 (talk) 21:21, 19 June 2010 (UTC)
 * I believe someone is trying to confuse things here. One should feel free to add any software to the lists which fit within them.  If they have their own promotional website for the software, with appropriate author, details, download and support information, then that would be your reference.  In other words, if it is a readily available piece of software, whether old or new, and is useable at this currrent point in time, it is available software, and deserves to be listed. Please remember that this is not rocket science. - KitchM (talk) 03:17, 22 August 2013 (UTC)
 * I disagree: Wikipedia is not an indiscriminate collection of information. This list should only include notable products, ie those that meet WP:GNG. —me_and 09:11, 22 August 2013 (UTC)

What about
 * Cibecs - http://www.cibecs.com ? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Natashajanec (talk • contribs) 10:30, 14 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Looks like real live software to me. It should be included. - KitchM (talk) 03:17, 22 August 2013 (UTC)
 * WP:NNC clearly indicates that entries can be included inside an article even if they aren't "notable enough" to have their very own Wikipedia article. Only WP:V and WP:RS apply to content within articles. Notability only applies to the creation of articles, not the content within them. Huggums537 (talk) 13:50, 20 June 2017 (UTC)

Backup while active (servers)
would be nice to see products delineated for backing up live machines (Symantec? ComVault?)--Billymac00 (talk) 21:03, 12 May 2009 (UTC)

Cobian Backup is under Open Source
Thought I'd point out Cobian Backup is listed under open source, although it does at least put "freeware" as the license. I don't want to mess around on the actual page, but somebody with a little more knowledge of wikipedia standards &c. might look into it?
 * Cobian "Black Moon is Open Source, but NOT Amanita" -- So it's both... --Hm2k (talk) 08:16, 29 July 2009 (UTC)

Cobian 11 is NOT OPEN SOURCE, in fact the author license is Luis Cobian and he is now selling the source code. --98.206.129.63 (talk) 23:22, 13 March 2013 (UTC)

Table problems
The table needs information on the requeriment of server software running on the server of storage. It is important, becasue many users are given a network space for backup, witouth a backup service running, and it makes impossible to use a client-server architecture. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 206.132.109.103 (talk) 12:24, 7 December 2018 (UTC)

1) The version column is useless. The projects can think up any version they like, so you can't look at them and decide what to use based on that. Version numbers are only interesting to people who already use something. 2) Some of the software that is listed has important drawbacks that should be listed here (only backs up databases, needs to run in part on Unix) because those are important for a comparison. 82.139.87.10 (talk) 14:36, 18 September 2009 (UTC)
 * 1 is useful because the version listed in the table should be the version used for the basis of the comparison. I agree with you on 2, but we have many points of comparison to add. --Karnesky (talk) 16:18, 18 September 2009 (UTC)

Where is Maxtor One Touch ?

 * http://www.cdrinfo.com/sections/reviews/specific.aspx?articleid=13587

 * http://www.seagate.com/ww/v/index.jsp?locale=en-US&name=ot3-downloads&vgnextoid=35c6069f356d3110VgnVCM100000f5ee0a0aRCRD

Telecine Guy 03:56, 10 April 2010 (UTC)
 * http://www.seagate.com/ww/v/index.jsp?locale=en-US&name=ot4-downloads&vgnextoid=0ed72c9e46914110VgnVCM100000f5ee0a0aRCRD
 * Thank you for your suggestion. When you believe an article needs improvement, please feel free to make those changes. Wikipedia is a wiki, so anyone can edit almost any article by simply following the  link at the top. The Wikipedia community encourages you to be bold in updating pages. Don't worry too much about making honest mistakes—they're likely to be found and corrected quickly. If you're not sure how editing works, check out how to edit a page, or use the sandbox to try out your editing skills.  New contributors are always welcome. You don't even need to log in (although there are many reasons why you might want to). --Hm2k (talk) 08:53, 11 April 2010 (UTC)

Where is SuperDuper?
http://www.shirt-pocket.com/SuperDuper/SuperDuperDescription.html —Preceding unsigned comment added by 121.1.55.86 (talk) 13:20, 7 January 2010 (UTC)
 * Thank you for your suggestion. When you believe an article needs improvement, please feel free to make those changes. Wikipedia is a wiki, so anyone can edit almost any article by simply following the  link at the top. The Wikipedia community encourages you to be bold in updating pages. Don't worry too much about making honest mistakes—they're likely to be found and corrected quickly. If you're not sure how editing works, check out how to edit a page, or use the sandbox to try out your editing skills.  New contributors are always welcome. You don't even need to log in (although there are many reasons why you might want to). --Hm2k (talk) 08:53, 11 April 2010 (UTC)

Platorm
Many programs say they don't support certain platforms, but this may be misleading. For example, Symantec's NetBackup server software runs on Unix or Windows, but the client software runs on Mac OS X. This isn't reflected in the table and may be misleading. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Pete Wall (talk • contribs) 22:22, 18 January 2010 (UTC)
 * Thank you for your suggestion. When you believe an article needs improvement, please feel free to make those changes. Wikipedia is a wiki, so anyone can edit almost any article by simply following the  link at the top. The Wikipedia community encourages you to be bold in updating pages. Don't worry too much about making honest mistakes—they're likely to be found and corrected quickly. If you're not sure how editing works, check out how to edit a page, or use the sandbox to try out your editing skills.  New contributors are always welcome. You don't even need to log in (although there are many reasons why you might want to). --Hm2k (talk) 08:53, 11 April 2010 (UTC)

Shouldn't this article distinguish between server platforms and client platforms? I just invested a bunch of time in BackupPC because this article says it supports windows, only to find that is client-only support and doesn't actually run on Windows. And since BackupPC is a server based system (doesn't require client software), it makes it all the more misleading. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.59.51.203 (talk) 01:19, 16 June 2019 (UTC)

GoodSync
hello, I am the marketing manager for Siber Systems makers of GoodSync. Would it be possible to add a link to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GoodSync on this page as it is definitely a backup software? Sibersystems (talk) 15:31, 24 May 2010 (UTC)
 * sofixit
 * Uw-coi
 * --Hm2k (talk) 18:06, 24 May 2010 (UTC)
 * Chomp chomp. Seems to me that coming to an article talk page and making a request for an edit is exactly the correct thing to do; instead you (a) tell him to fix it himself, and then (b) tell him he's got a conflict of interest if he does so. Correct answer is either "why, yes, that would be a good addition, thank you for suggesting it", or "sorry, but it would be inappropriate" for some reason. --jpgordon:==( o ) 20:25, 24 May 2010 (UTC)
 * Perhaps you missed the point, he can edit, but it's subject to a possibly COI, I think it's better explained above though. --Hm2k (talk) 22:13, 24 May 2010 (UTC)
 * I didn't miss the point at all. uw-coi quotes from WP:COI, but leaves out the end of the section, which says Those who feel the need to make controversial edits, in spite of a real or perceived conflict of interest, are strongly encouraged to submit proposed edits for review on the article's talk page along with a Request edit tag to attract users to review the edit, or to file a request for comment. Other than not including the tag, that's exactly what this user did. --jpgordon:==( o ) 22:55, 24 May 2010 (UTC)
 * I agree with Jpgordon's assessment above. Sibersystems came here and asked about adding a wikilink to an existing article, and while I'd personally consider such an edit fairly non-controversial, discussing it on the talk page is exactly what WP:COI recommends. In reviewing the article in question, I don't see a problem with including a wikilink here as it does seem that it could be included in this article's tables. I'm also going to be bold and disable transclusion of the two talk page templates Hm2k posted above with tl as they don't seem appropriate here. --Tothwolf (talk) 00:50, 25 May 2010 (UTC)

Sibersystems as per the templates, be bold and add it, but be aware of a possible conflict of interest. Cheers. --Hm2k (talk) 01:02, 25 May 2010 (UTC)
 * I'd suggest that adding a link would simply result in it being reverted. The question is, is GoodSync notable (see link for details) backup software? If it is, create an article on the topic, and this can then be added to the list. New articles are often challenged, so the notability criteria needs to be met. If you're concerned about the conflict of interest, post details and evidence of notability here and perhaps someone can assist. Greenman (talk) 22:39, 25 May 2010 (UTC)

Tape Backup
It would be useful to know what media each of these backup software can back up on to, for example whether they can do tape backup. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.237.64.150 (talk) 08:47, 20 August 2010 (UTC)

Please remove Attix
Please, I had removed attix5 but someone roll back my change. Attix5 is not a GPL software they use this list for make free advertising and I don't udertstand why it's listed in gpl.

(Madshiva (talk) 14:19, 6 September 2010 (UTC))

Create Synchronicity
Claims that Create Synchronicity could theoretically be rewritten to run on Linux and Mac OS X is far different from the current version actually running on those platforms. Most programs could theoretically be rewritten to run on other platforms. It appears from the project page that Create Synchronicity does not, in fact, run on those platforms. I am therefore removing updating the table to remove Create Synchronicity from the Linux and Mac OS X columns. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.59.100.201 (talk) 22:06, 20 October 2010 (UTC)

Acronis CDP
I did a typo on the comment section for Acronis.

Should have read "Acronis does NOT do CDP for filesystem. They do near-CDP for Exchange only". So basically no CDP by Acronis. They even have a little FAQ that defends their position.

Fabkins (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 12:39, 20 June 2011 (UTC).
 * I added a reference that says it DOES support CDP. I even added a quote. But I am willing to see that FAQ. Fleet Command (talk) 14:20, 20 June 2011 (UTC)

 * I found an FAQ. It is here: http://www.acronis.eu/homecomputing/products/trueimage/#q3. It says: "Protection: Acronis Nonstop Backup provides continuous data protection, allowing recovery of your PC to any point in time."  So, it seems Acronis DOES support CDP. Now, if you please provide us with a source for your assertion, we'll be very grateful. Fleet Command (talk) 14:26, 20 June 2011 (UTC)

 * Ok, I'm somehwhat confused. I got this URL which tries to explain what CDP is but goes onto say what Acronis Live does instead:  http://www.acronis.com/resource/solutions/backup/2005/continuous-data-protection.html . But I grant you that link you provided seems to indicate they do.  Fabkins (talk)  —Preceding undated comment added 16:03, 20 June 2011 (UTC).

 * Found a press release that again indicates the support for CDP on their home edition. http://www.acronis.eu/pr/2009/09/15-05-22.html . This is later than my link so looks like they do now.

 * Fabkins (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 16:11, 20 June 2011 (UTC).

 * Thank you. I it think solves the situation. Your source's highly appreciated. I'll place it into the article. Fleet Command (talk) 17:54, 20 June 2011 (UTC)

Back-up Software
I have tried them all and the following are my recommendations:

Windows 7 back-up Oakster for Windows XP Bounceback Express — Preceding unsigned comment added by Member8321 (talk • contribs) 04:32, 28 October 2011 (UTC)

 * I believe the current version is entitled "BounceBack Ultimate", and is found at . - KitchM (talk) 02:28, 22 August 2013 (UTC)

Another software
Should Bvckup be included? 24.87.50.111 (talk) 23:38, 1 March 2012 (UTC)

Comparison lists currently wikilinked in the 'See also' section
Currently, there are two Wikipedia comparison lists wikilinked in the 'See also' section: Comparison of file synchronization software; and Comparison of online backup services. In my view, a third and a fourth Wikipedia list might usefully be wikilinked in the 'See also' section: List of disk cloning software; and Comparison of disk cloning software. Here are my two reasons for adding the third and fourth wikilists. First, the current entries in the 'List of disk cloning software' complement the current entries in the 'List of backup software' (as do the current entries in the two lists currently included in the 'See also' section). Second, the 'List of disk cloning software' (but, interestingly, not the 'Comparison of disk cloning software') includes Nero BackItUp, an example of commercial backup software for personal use that may come bundled with portable backup-drives, and arguably, therefore, should be included in the  'List of backup software'121.222.201.200 (talk) 12:25, 13 May 2012 (UTC)

Back-up Software kindly requesting permission to stay here in this list
Dear editor, I would like to humbly request the addition of Automatic Backup to the list of Free Backup. Recently, this software made it to be within the first page of google when "Automatic Backup" search keywords. I would be an honor to be part of this great document of free backup. Best Regards and congratulations for such a incredible compilation of features and software. MarcoDFW (talk) 17:31, 12 September 2012 (UTC)
 * We should not link to pages which are hosted inside someone's userspace, especially not copies of pages that have been speedily deleted 6 times from the main article space. - MrOllie (talk) 18:08, 12 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Thanks MrOllie I'm new to wikipedia, so first and foremost sorry if I caused spamlike activity. Again accept my apologies, could you help me to list Automatic Backup within your list? or what steps do I need to follow to accomplish that. If Automatic Backup is not worthy to be listed you can say that no hard feelings here. Again I appreciate your help.MarcoDFW (talk) 18:16, 12 September 2012 (UTC)
 * You would need to move the page to a location that doesn't begin with 'User:MarcoDFW/' (the prefix indicates that it is in your userspace.), but I should warn you that with the sources that page is currently using it is very likely that the page will be deleted when you do that. You should spend some time finding better sources first, to ensure the article meets our inclusion guidelines. - MrOllie (talk) 18:22, 12 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Thanks again, I'm having a hard time (very hard) to understand the term "Better Sources", I'm the one that learns watching others, for example I copied the Wiki Source code of an approved page, and modified. Of course the links have to be different, but he only has 2 external links/references to his own page (hosted at his University Servers but making not mention of that in the page) and the rest are references to regular WIKI pages. Probably that is the trick, have the website hosted in my university, which I can do that but that would be like cheating!! In the contrary Automatic Backup has been mentioned by 3d parties like Karim Salmi with an article "A simple guide to data backups" and that article was republished in many other pages as a good article. In few Hard to understand how Cobian without any good better sources managed to not get nomination in wiki and the list of backups.MarcoDFW (talk) 18:39, 12 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Please read and try to understand the guideline on reliable sourcing that I linked you. The vitalcomputerrepair link you referenced is a self published blog. Those are specifically addressed by the guideline - they are not acceptable. Follow the guideline, not other articles you might find. They may not be in compliance with the guidelines. Wikipedia is a work in progress, someone will get to those articles eventually. - MrOllie (talk) 19:51, 12 September 2012 (UTC).
 * Thanks now I'm starting to get some guidance, I really appreciate your comments; you are the first providing me tips to get better. If I may what is the main difference between Cobian Backup and Automatic Backup so far I can't see that besides the links to blogs in pmy page that I will take out? also is there a check prof tool to check if a wiki article will be nominated? I mean before to do it and get slap in the wrist? I immensely grateful for your comments and help! MarcoDFW (talk) 20:00, 12 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Hi MrOllie, I have searched sources and re-created my page now at Automatic Backup Copy, the page was again nominated for deletion, but it's under review as I contested the nomination. It's been there for a week or more so it looks like, I might have a change to stay in Wikipedia. Can I list my page in your List of backup software? you mentioned the page needs to be in a different place than 'User:XXXX/" so what do you say? Thanks in advance...MarcoDFW (talk) 15:10, 10 October 2012 (UTC)
 * Your article still does not have adequate sourcing, so I think it is very likely that it will be deleted. - MrOllie (talk) 15:15, 10 October 2012 (UTC)

Free Versus Proprietary Is In Error
Please correct the problem with the categorization of the software divisions. If one is to use Free as a category, the opposite is Paid. If one is to use Proprietary as a category, the other must be Open-Source. - KitchM (talk) 03:03, 22 August 2013 (UTC)

Please add BOAR
Main advantages:

Every file is saved with its md5 sum as its name, which means:

1) continuing correctness of content can be verified

2) on incremental backup, it handles renames and moves efficiently.

https://code.google.com/p/boar/

It was a long time before I stumbled across it, because it's not in this list.

59.101.38.129 (talk) 10:26, 10 February 2014 (UTC)

Testing Opendedup as backup solution, combined with rsync for daily
Feeling good sofar. Deduplicates variable blocks down to 4k, based on natural breaks in filecontent. OS linux and (though unsupported) Windows. I am unpacking and loading all my backups (300GB since 1994 zip, arj, bkf, eRecovery, tib) to one opendedup/dsfs volume. Access is integrated in the file explorer. I notice oversight and accessability. I think a lot will be deduplicated and total space will be less. For fast daily backups I use rsync -backup-dir=../inc.$inc, which backs up based on date-stamps. Perhaps more comments later.

UnTrueOrUnSimplified (talk) 22:12, 19 May 2014 (UTC)

Should a link to a performance comparison between five backup tools be included?
I am one of the authors of this paper were we compare the performance and system resources usage of Rsync, Rdiff-backup, Duplicity, Areca and Link-Backup. Should it be included in this wiki? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Aurhe (talk • contribs) 23:28, 6 October 2014 (UTC)

 * In my opinion, yes, performance should be a comparison factor. But this page is just a list, maybe it should be a column in Comparison_of_backup_software or the two pages should be merged.--TheAnarcat (talk) 16:36, 29 January 2015 (UTC)

 * I don't see how the contents of the paper could be added to a column in that table so I just included the link in the External Links section. I agree that the two pages should be merged.--Aurhe (talk) 03:22, 22 March 2015 (UTC)

Merger proposal
I have proposed to merge this page into Comparison_of_backup_software, any reason why they should be separate?--TheAnarcat (talk) 16:39, 29 January 2015 (UTC)
 * Seven years too late, I second this proposal. inclusivedisjunction (talk) 00:02, 8 September 2022 (UTC)
 * I also support merging. --DavidCary (talk) 17:16, 4 April 2023 (UTC)

Suggestions for improvements.
I take it in good faith that the restrictions which have been placed on this article have been put there to maintain the quality of the article and keep the junk out. A better approach would be to allow entries that don't have their very own Wikipedia articles, but require that they must be verifiable to be included in this article. Make a requirement that entries must come with a reliable source. This way the article can expand more while still maintaining the quality, but without the severe limitation of "only Wikipedia articles allowed". "Notability guidelines do not apply to content within an article". Notability guidelines are for the creation of articles, not for content within the articles. Verifiability and reliable sources are the appropriate guidelines for all content within articles including list entries. Also, I don't think it's appropriate for anyone to "take ownership" of any article and create "special rules" for it even if they are the one who created it. We all have to follow the same rules on every article and once we post something, it no longer belongs to us, it belongs to the Wikipedia community. Huggums537 (talk) 14:15, 20 June 2017 (UTC)

Bacula Enterprise proposed change
Information to be added or removed: I suggest adding Bacula Enterprise Edition to the proprietary section of the page even though the open source community edition called Bacula is already in the first table. These are 2 separate products from 2 separate organizations, the licensing and codebase are completely different. Think Wikipedia users will benefit from knowing the alternatives.

Andrei Iunisov (talk) 00:06, 25 September 2019 (UTC)

Reply 24-SEP-2019
Regards, Spintendo  03:26, 25 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Per WP:CSC, please provide either the Wikipedia page of Bacula Enterprise Edition or evidence that the subject meets Wikipedia's notability requirements.
 * When ready to proceed with the requested information, kindly change the  template's answer parameter to read from yes to no. Thank you!

UrBackup
UrBackup, GPLv3, C++, Linux and Windows (client and server), macOS (client only) 77.185.80.28 (talk) 14:03, 29 July 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of backup software


text:
WYCW

WYCW (channel 62) is a television station licensed to Asheville, North Carolina, United States, serving as the CW outlet for Western North Carolina and Upstate South Carolina. It is owned and operated by network majority owner Nexstar Media Group alongside Spartanburg, South Carolina–licensed CBS affiliate WSPA-TV (channel 7). WYCW and WSPA-TV share studios on International Drive (next to the I-26 and I-85 Business/Veterans Parkway interchange) in Spartanburg; through a channel sharing agreement, the two stations transmit using WSPA-TV's spectrum from an antenna on Hogback Mountain in northeastern Greenville County (southwest of Tryon, North Carolina).

Prior use of channel 62 in Asheville
Asheville's first television station, WISE-TV, began broadcasting on channel 62 on August 2, 1953. It was a primary NBC affiliate which also carried programs from ABC, CBS, and DuMont. ABC and DuMont moved to WLOS (channel 13) when that station signed on in September 1954. In 1967, the station changed its call letters to WANC; the next year, it dropped its remaining NBC programming as its ownership brought a cable system to Asheville. WANC-TV moved from channel 62 to 21 in 1971, airing a limited amount of Christian television programming throughout the 1970s by simulcasting WGGS-TV (channel 16) in Greenville. Pappas Telecasting acquired WANC-TV in 1979, took it silent, and returned it to the air as WHNS on April 1, 1984.

Current allocation
Channel 62 returned to the air on October 31, 1984, as WASV-TV. Originally locally owned, even though it was licensed as a full-power outlet, the station initially operated at low-power, simulcasting WGGS-TV. This was necessary in the days before cable gained much penetration in this vast market, much of which is very mountainous. WASV began to run infomercials and shop-at-home programming in the early 1990s.

It was sold to Pappas Telecasting (which previously owned WHNS) in 1995 and began to transmit its analog signal at full-power in 1996. At that time, Pappas entered into a local marketing agreement with CBS affiliate WSPA-TV (channel 7), which took control of WASV's programming and airtime. In October 1997, WASV became the market's WB affiliate, taking the affiliation from WSPA, which carried the network on a secondary basis beginning at the network's launch in January 1995. At the same time, the station also became a secondary affiliate of UPN, which had similarly been carried on a secondary basis by WHNS. The station branded on-air as "The New 62" from 1997 to 2002, which was then changed to "Super 62" in 2002, lasting until early 2004. From 1998 to 2000, WASV aired sporting events from CBS and NBC that those networks' local affiliates WSPA and WYFF (channel 4) preempted in favor of regional college sports, breaking news or severe weather coverage, annual telethons, or other local programming.

The WB affiliation moved to rival WBSC (channel 40, now WMYA-TV) on September 6, 1999, and WASV became a full-time UPN station, branding as "UPN 62." WASV continued its LMA with WSPA even after the latter station was sold to Media General in 2000. Channel 62 was purchased by Media General outright in 2002, creating the market's first television duopoly. From 1997 to 1998, WASV signed off nightly from around midnight until 7 a.m. Later in 1998, it began broadcasting 24 hours a day with the addition of a block of programming from the Shop at Home Network during the overnight hours. In late-2005/early 2006, the station dropped Shop at Home programming, and replaced it with a mix of off-network sitcoms and court shows in the overnight during the week, and off-network dramas and sitcoms as well as movies on weekends.

On January 24, 2006, the Warner Bros. unit of Time Warner and CBS Corporation announced that the two companies would shut down The WB and UPN and combine the networks' respective programming to create a new "fifth" network called The CW. On March 2, 2006, Sinclair Broadcast Group announced that WBSC would become an affiliate of another new network, MyNetworkTV, which launched on September 5. Nearly four weeks later on March 28, it was confirmed WASV would join The CW.

Corresponding with the upcoming network change, the station officially changed its call letters to WYCW on May 22, 2006. However, it continued to use the WASV call sign on-air until UPN officially ceased operations on September 15, 2006. When The CW launched on September 18, the station rebranded itself as "Carolinas CW". In recent years, WYCW has been carried on cable in portions of the Columbia, South Carolina, market, as well in the South Carolina side of the Augusta, Georgia, market (including Aiken and North Augusta).

On September 8, 2015, Media General announced that it would acquire the Meredith Corporation, owner of WHNS, for $2.4 billion to form Meredith Media General. Since WSPA and WHNS were among the four highest-rated stations in the market in total day viewership, the merged company would have been required to sell either WSPA or WHNS to comply with FCC ownership rules as well as recent changes to those rules regarding same-market television stations that restrict sharing agreements. WYCW was the only one of the three stations affected by the merger that could have been legally acquired by Meredith Media General either by maintaining the existing duopoly with WSPA or by forming a new duopoly with WHNS, as its total day viewership ranks below the top-four ratings threshold. That sale was canceled on January 27, 2016, in favor of a sale of Media General to the Nexstar Broadcasting Group, and WSPA and WYCW became part of "Nexstar Media Group." The deal was approved by the FCC on January 11, 2017, and it was completed on January 17.

Programming
WYCW carries the second half-hour of CBS' political discussion program Face the Nation on Sunday mornings at 11 a.m., as WSPA only clears the first half-hour of the program (which airs in the half-hour prior to the airing of the second half of the program on channel 62).

WYCW began airing Clemson Tigers football and men's basketball games in the 2023–24 academic year as part of The CW's new contract. The games are produced by Raycom Sports and sublicensed from ESPN.

Newscasts
WSPA-TV presently produces 16 hours of locally produced newscasts each week for WYCW (with three hours each weekday and a half-hour each on Saturdays and Sundays). Since the early 2000s, WSPA has produced a nightly prime time newscast for WYCW, currently known as 7 News at 10 on CW 62. The newscast, which airs for an hour on weeknights and a half-hour on weekends, competes with an hour-long in-house newscast seen on Fox affiliate WHNS and a half-hour newscast on MyNetworkTV affiliate WMYA (the latter of which is produced by WLOS). In the late 2000s, WSPA also began producing a two-hour extension of WSPA's weekday morning newscast for WYCW. Currently known as 7 News Daybreak on CW 62, the program airs from 7 to 9 a.m. and competes against the in-house morning newscast on WHNS.

On September 16, 2007, WSPA became the first television station in the Greenville/Spartanburg/Asheville market to begin broadcasting its newscasts to high-definition; the WYCW newscasts were included in the upgrade, which introduced a graphics package similar to that used at the time by Media General flagship WFLA-TV in Tampa, Florida. In 2008, news anchor Amy Wood launched the "CW Live Chat" feature during the weeknight edition of the 10 p.m. newscast. At the time, it was one of the first interactive live broadcasts in the United States, with an anchor hosting the chat live while simultaneously anchoring on-air.

In addition to the main studios in Spartanburg, WSPA/WYCW opened a street front studio in downtown Greenville in January 2017. Known as "7 On Main", the studio is located at the corner of Main Street and Falls Park Drive. The stations also operate a news bureau on Main Street/SC 28 in Anderson. Nexstar maintains a Capitol bureau in Columbia, covering state government issues for the company's South Carolina stations.

Subchannels
On March 1, 2009, WYCW began carrying sister station WSPA-TV on a second digital subchannel, due to the collapse of channel 7's broadcast tower on Hogback Mountain (southwest of Tryon, North Carolina).

On February 2, 2016, WYCW began carrying GetTV on 62.3. In early February 2021, True Crime Network replaced Get TV on 62.3, only for that to be replaced by Rewind TV on October 20, 2022.

Analog-to-digital conversion
WYCW discontinued regular programming on its analog signal, over UHF channel 62, on February 17, 2009, the original target date on which full-power television stations in the United States were to transition from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate (which was later pushed back to June 12, 2009). The station's digital signal remained on its pre-transition UHF channel 45, using virtual channel 62.

As part of the SAFER Act, WYCW kept its analog signal on the air until March 3 to inform viewers of the digital television transition through a loop of public service announcements from the National Association of Broadcasters.

Spectrum share with WSPA-TV
On April 13, 2017, the FCC identified WYCW will be compensated $45.6 million to have its digital channel 45 go off-the-air as part of the spectrum auction. On April 1, 2018, WYCW moved their digital broadcasts to subchannels of WSPA-TV while retaining channel 62 as their virtual channel. WYCW did not have to change its city of license, as WSPA's over-the-air signal completely covers Asheville.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: WYCW


text:
Ravel (disambiguation)

Maurice Ravel was a Basque French composer and pianist of Impressionist music.

The word ravel has to do with thread and yarn.

Ravel may also refer to:

People with the name

 * Ann M. Ravel, American lawyer and member of the Federal Election Commission
 * Bruno Ravel (born 1964), American heavy metal guitarist
 * Edeet Ravel (born 1955), Israeli-Canadian novelist
 * Freddie Ravel, American keyboardist, recording artist and international keynote speaker
 * Gaston Ravel (1878–1958), French film director and screenwriter
 * Jules-Jean Ravel (1901–1986), French communist politician and trade union organizer
 * Pierre Joseph Ravel (1832–1908), Swiss civil engineer, father of the composer
 * Ravel Morrison (born 1993), English footballer

Other uses

 * Ravel, Puy-de-Dôme, France, a commune
 * Château de Ravel, a castle situated in the commune
 * 4727 Ravel, a main-belt asteroid
 * Ravel Peak, Alexander Island, Antarctica
 * RAVeL network, an initiative to build a network of pedestrian paths in Wallonia, Belgium

title: Ravel (disambiguation)


text:
Christian Ludwig Nitzsch

Christian Ludwig Nitzsch (3 September 1782 – 16 August 1837) was a German zoologist. He is best remembered for his approach to classifying birds on the basis of their feather tract distributions or pterylosis of their young.

Career
He was professor of zoology at the University of Halle. While his primary interest lay in ornithology, Nitzsch published studies on other topics, including diatoms (the diatom genus Nitzschia is named after him). He is also widely credited with producing the first systematic zoological studies of lice, Nitzsch Ch. L., Darstellung der Familien und Gattungen der Thierinsecten (insecta epizoica). Magazin fur die Entomologie, Germar, Zincken, Bd.3 (1818). Zoology owes important insights to his works "Über die Formenkenntnis, Anatomie und Entwicklungsgeschichte der Parasiten", "Über die Anatomie der Vögel" and "Der Bau der Infusorien". Nitzsch, who as an excellent zoologist also dealt with the anatomy of birds, developed dissection techniques and also knew how to inspire in his lectures. He died in 1837 as a result of a stroke. In 1832, he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

Works

 * De respiratione animalium, 1808
 * „Die Familien der Thierinsekten“ im Germar's Magazin für Entomologie, Band 3 1818
 * „Zur Geschichte der Thierinsektenkunde“ in der Zeitschrift für gesammelte Naturwissenschaften 5 Band 1855
 * „Charakteristik der Federlinge“ in Zeitschrift für gesammelte Naturwissenschaften Band 9 1857
 * „Beiträge zur Infusorienkunde“ in Neue Schriften der naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Halle Band 3 Heft 1 1817
 * „Anatomie der Vögel“ in Meckels deutschen Archiv für Physiologie Band 1 1815 Band 2 1816, Band 3 1817 Band 6 1820 und Band 11 1826
 * Osteographischen Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte der Vögel, 1811
 * System der Pterylographie, bei Burmeister 1840
 * Observationes de Avium arteria carotide communi, (Halle) 1829
 * “Charakteristik der Federlinge“ in Zeitschrift für gesammelte Naturwissenschaften Band 9 1857
 * Pterlyographiae Avium pars prior, (Halle) 1833 — Traduit en anglais sous le titre de Nitzsch's Pterylography à la Ray Society en 1867.
 * “Zur Geschichte der Thierinsektenkunde“ in der Zeitschrift für gesammelte Naturwissenschaften 5 Band 1855
 * “Beiträge zur Infusorienkunde“ in Neue Schriften der naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Halle Band 3 Heft 1 1817
 * “Anatomie der Vögel“ in Meckels deutschen Archiv für Physiologie Band 1 1815 Band 2 1816, Band 3 1817 Band 6 1820 und Band 11 1826
 * “Osteographischen Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte der Vögel“ 1811

Literature

 * Walter Friedensburg „Geschichte der Universität Wittenberg“ Verlag Max Niemeyer Halle (Saale) 1917
 * „Album Academicae Vitebergensis“ von (1710–1812) bearbeitet von Fritz Juntke im Max Niemeyer Verlag Halle (Saale) Band 5 1966

title: Christian Ludwig Nitzsch


text:
Talk:Biograph Company/archive 1

for Walloon: why you can say "The American Mutoscope & Biograph Company incorporated in California in 1991 is unrelated to the original company"? If you visit the official site of American Mutoscope & Biograph Company http://www.biographcompany.com, you can't assert with certainty the company is unrelated. Do you have other sources?

I am a scholar of early American cinema. My sources include the incorporation papers at the California Secretary of State's Office, the records of the U.S. Copyright Office, and the records of the U.S. Patents and Trademarks Office. And yes, I have visited the bizarre website of that new company. Whoever put that site up is living in fantasy land. He also claims to own the copyrights to all the old Biograph movies, even though every single one of them is out of copyright and in the public domain, and has been since the 1940s.

For a business to be a continuance of an earlier company, there has to be a some transfer of assets, whether physical or intellectual property. Physically, the Biograph studios in the Bronx and Los Angeles have long since disappeared and the properties put to other use. As for intellectual property, as I said, all the copyrights expired on the films decades ago. Likewise, the trademark "American Mutoscope and Biograph" became inactive and entered the public domain decades ago. (Not to be confused with the separate trademark "Mutoscope" for a peephole movie viewer.)

From the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office:

Word Mark: MUTOSCOPE Goods and Services: (ABANDONED) IC 041. US 100 101 107. G & S: Consectutive view moving picture apparatus. FIRST USE: 18970101. FIRST USE IN COMMERCE: 18970101 Filing Date: February 21, 2002 Owner: (APPLICANT) American Mutoscope and Biograph Company CORPORATION CALIFORNIA 432 F. Street Suite #409, San Diego, CALIFORNIA 92101 Type of Mark: SERVICE MARK Live/Dead Indicator: DEAD Abandonment Date: December 26, 2002

Word Mark: AMERICAN BIOGRAPH Goods and Services: (ABANDONED) IC 009. US 021 023 026 036 038. G & S: Motion pictures. FIRST USE: 18970101. FIRST USE IN COMMERCE: 18970101 Filing Date: August 26, 2003 Owner: (APPLICANT) American Mutoscope and Biograph Company, Inc. CORPORATION CALIFORNIA 8601 Wilshire Blvd. Suite #502-C Beverly Hills CALIFORNIA 90211 Type of Mark: TRADEMARK Live/Dead Indicator: DEAD Abandonment Date: August 23, 2004

Walloon 03:24, 6 November 2005 (UTC)

Thanks for your details. I have a huge interest in all things regarding RKO, because you are an expert about this matter, may I have any details you know about the RKO Radio Pictures, Inc. - RKO Teleradio - RKO General - RKO Pictures LLC? While it is easy find informations about the old company, instead it's hard to find clearly details about the passage from RKO General to the new RKO Pictures LLC. In this case I'm sure the old and the new company are related because of the passage of all trademarks (I verified in www.uspto.gov) and also some intellectual properties (not the negatives of the movies or the theatricals and TV rights but quite all the novels, the stories, the screenplies and all things correlated to the movies except the movies) were traded between the old and the new company and now are owned by RKO Pictures LLC. Thanks (GPM from Italy)

Sorry, I know nothing about the new RKO Pictures LLC. --Walloon

To readers:

This is Frank Marks - VP/Operations of the American Mutoscope and Biograph Company, Inc. We need to clear this up because this "Walloon" seems to be attempting to attack our company personally, and have alterior motives. Statements such as "I have visited the bizarre website" and "Whoever put that site up is living in fantasy land". are vindictive statements in which we will deal with later.

First, n the statement "There has to be a some transfer of assets, whether physical or intellectual property", the company was not "Continued", it went into "Dormancy", and was "Revived". This was done by our attorney's in 1991. This is when the company was incorporated in California. A company does not have to be the same corporation, but I am not here to give law lessons. In 1985, Blanche Sweet (Biograph actress) who knew our CEO helped us try to revive the company. We have the copies of ALL the original corporate papers from New York, as well as statements.

On trying to discredit us on the "Copyrights" of the films, the "Actual" films are public domain. However, the "Story rights"(Please see the "Citizen Kane" and "It's a Wonderful Life" legal cases) are retained by us. This means that the films cannot be shown since it is our storyline. The acutal films themselves hold our "VALID" trademark on the beginning and the end, as well as watermarked within scenes (Yes, if you look carefully, you will see our trademark somewhere in actual scenes). This means that NOTHING with our trademark can be shown, or altered for exhibition.

On the false statement of "The trademark "American Mutoscope and Biograph" became inactive and entered the public domain decades ago", our company trademark is IN FORCE retroactive from 1908. Please visit the USPTO website at:

http://tess2.uspto.gov/bin/showfield?f=doc&state=bom5gq.2.1

Here is the actual text:

Word Mark: AB Goods and Services: IC 041. US 100 101 107. G & S: Motion picture film production for theatrical, television and commercial release. FIRST USE: 19080201. FIRST USE IN COMMERCE: 19080313 Filing Date: October 30, 2003 Owner: (APPLICANT) (APPLICANT) American Mutoscope and Biograph Company, inc. CORPORATION CALIFORNIA Suite #503 8601 Wilshire Blvd. Beverly Hills CALIFORNIA 90211 Type of Mark: SERVICE MARK Register: PRINCIPAL Live/Dead Indicator: LIVE

In a side note, the trademarks that were listed by this person were abandoned because they were "Word" trademarks and not usable to us at this time, therefore not renewed.

In summary, for someone to take the time to try and discredit our company, give degrading personal comments instead od facts, and giving misleading information distrurbs us greatly, and in our opinion, must have personal reasons or an agenda. We do appreciate the editors of Wilkepedia to leave the correct information of our company in tact.

Frank Marks VP/COO American Mutoscope and Biograph Co., Inc.

From the website of the above mentioned "American Mutoscope and Biograph Co.":

 * In the beginning of 2003, Biograph embarked on the most adventurous endeavor than any other film company has ever done. Biograph announced the opening of its "Space Production Division". The division was to explore filmmaking in space for motion pictures, documentaries and commercial production. Biograph's first accomplishment was to legally acquire almost 2,000 acres on the surface of the moon from Lunar Embassy. This is slated as a four year plan that will culminate with the filming of an hour long documentary, and the land called the Biograph "Moon Lot" would be the place where Biograph will film the first ever documentary on the moon's surface by a private commercial motion picture company.

 * Biograph will begin this endeavor with the placement of a monument sigifying the place where Biograph's "Moon Lot" is. This monument will be a titanium disc with inscription. The plans are to launch the monument disc within one to two years from now. Within the two year period, Biograph begins work on sending a production craft, manned with the Biograph production crew, to land on the moon and film its full length documentary entitled "A Trip To The Moon®".

I've made screen captures, with dates, from the website should anyone wish to see them.

On to other matters, ALL of the U.S. copyrights of works published before 1923 are now in the public domain. That includes "story rights" and any other subsidiary or underlying copyrights. To put it another way, no U.S. copyrights of any kind exist for any work — film, music, literature — published before 1923.

As for trademark, U.S. courts have already established that trademark cannot be used to thwart the public domain copyright status of a work.

Walloon 20:24, 6 November 2005 (UTC)

We have turned matters over to our legal department. First, posting our future plans for a documentary on the moon is irrelevant to any copyright subject, and shows that this individual is using this to try and purposely discredit us. The false information that "The trademark "American Mutoscope and Biograph" became inactive and entered the public domain decades ago" when our trademark is in force, is misleading and incorrect. The subject has bounced from American Mutoscope and Biograph Company not being who we are, to trademarks and public domain status of our films, to taking select items from our website that are legitimate, and attempting to make our company look like a farce. We feel this individual purposely has tried to use every source of the individual's undertaking to slander and discredit us. Just from the trademark information being omitted about our legal trademark is, we feel, yet another intent to discredit us as well. I can go into more detail. However, this is futile since this is clearly a "Vindetta" action.

This individual also refuses to disclose who they are, which is questionable within itself.

Our department has contact Wilkepedia foundation as well.

Frank Marks VP/COO American Mutoscope and Biograph Co., inc.

---

I can call myself "Abraham Lincoln". I can imitate his signature. I can tell people that they can't use Abraham Lincoln's writings without my permission. I can claim that Abraham Lincoln wasn't really dead between 1865 and now, just in a "dormancy period." And I can insert at the bottom of the Wikipedia article on Abraham Lincoln that "Abraham Lincoln currently resides in Beverly Hills, California." And I can claim that I have already purchased 2,000 acres of land on the moon, where I will soon be filming Abraham Lincoln Goes to the Moon®.

But that doesn't make me the 16th President of the United States.

Walloon 21:49, 6 November 2005 (UTC)

Again, the last statement we feel is slanderous and accuses our company of misrepresentation. Thank you for that statement.

Frank Marks VP/COO American Mutoscope and Biograph Co., Inc.

Lincoln Is Turning In His Grave
Walloon, evidently you are a loon. Don't disgrace the the name of Pres. Lincoln. He stood for freedom and human rights and human decency. He also told the truth and new the facts before he opened his mouth. Besides, he was a person, not a company. You can revive a company and continue its tradition or do you not have enough imagination to figure that out? No one here is trying to revive a person. Not even Lincoln, so you need a new example, putz! You need to do a little more research and find out the true facts about this company. I have seen the documents and I know the people involved with the company. They truly love the old movies and old Hollywood, not the new Hollyweird. I am in the film business myself and I would be very upset if someone was telling lies and slandering my good name, so if I were you I would be careful and maybe look for an attorney. You may need one. If you are going to talk about someone in a negative way, you must be correct with your facts or guess what? You will be the one eating your words and possibly finding yourself in court. Get a life and go bother some other company who is really doing something wrong, not this one. -The Walloon Popper

Disputes
If there are any factual errors to the article, please state those factual errors here. — Walloon 16:25, 30 March 2006 (UTC)

The article currently states that Blanche Sweet and her husband Marshall Neilan acquired the corporate records of Biograph in 1930. However, that couple divorced in October 1929. So, did they acquire the papers in 1929, or did they acquire them in 1930 after they divorced? — Walloon 18:12, 30 March 2006 (UTC)

Legal threats and claims
Be advised that Wikimedia's legal advisors have reviewed the claims made by the new company above and have found them to be without merit. Making legal threats on Wikipedia, especially baseless ones, is grounds for being denied permission to edit Wikipedia, and as a result the anonymous editors who have been making legal threats here have been blocked from editing for one month for making such threats. Further threats will result in further, longer blocks. Please attempt to settle your disputes over the content of this article without resorting to legal threats. Kelly Martin (talk) 17:47, 30 March 2006 (UTC)

Site Postings

The postings on this site contain numerous slanderous misrepresentations regarding American Mutoscope and Biograph Company ("Biograph Company") and its corporate structure, history, and intellectual property rights. Accordingly, Biograph Company is following proper Wikipedia protocal to block such slanderous statements, which violate the spirit and purpose of collaborative information websites, such as Wikipedia. Biograph Company will continue to vigorously defend its legal rights and its rights as a participant in this or any other collaborative information website. To prevent Biograph Company from taking legal action against you, please direct all legal inquiries to Biograph Company's legal department and refrain from posting slanderous and inaccurate statements about Biograph Company on this or other websites. AMBC 30 March 2006

 * AMBC, you may NOT remove the postings of others on this discussion page, especially not those of a Wikipedia administrator, as you did by removing Kelly Martin's entire post about legal threats and claims. You are also required to properly sign your user name and the date to your postings on this discussion page — Walloon 19:50, 30 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Making legal threats is not the "proper Wikipedia protocal [sic]" for dealing with statements one disagrees with. Since the foregoing is a clear legal threat, User:AMBC has been blocked indefinitely, and the legal threat has been reported to our legal advisors as requested by the Wikimedia Foundation office.  Kelly Martin (talk) 22:33, 30 March 2006 (UTC)

Tagged for cleanup and as unreferenced
This article needs external references and at a minimum, split down into an introduction and sections. --GraemeL (talk) 22:44, 30 March 2006 (UTC)

Many "citation needed" notes were added where citations already existed in the article. I prefer to place citations at the end of sentences, not in the middle of sentences unless necessary. For instance, the fact that Classmates was the first feature released by Biograph, and that it was released in February 1914, can be found in The American Film Institute Catalog of Motion Pictures, volume F1, which is already cited at the end of the sentence. — Walloon 00:19, 3 April 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Biograph Company/archive 1


text:
Yōga Station

Yōga Station (用賀駅) is a railway station on the Tōkyū Den-en-toshi Line located in Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan. This station is one of the nearest stations to Kinuta Park.

Lines
Yōga Station is served by the Tōkyū Den-en-toshi Line. It is 7.6 kilometers from the starting point of the Tōkyū Den-en-toshi Line at Shibuya.

Station layout
The station is composed of two side platforms.

History

 * April 1, 1907: Opened as Yōga stop on the Tamagawa Electric Railway (玉川電気鉄道).
 * May 10, 1969: Closed along with the discontinuation of the Tamagawa Line.
 * April 7, 1977: Opened as a station on the Shin-tamagawa Line (新玉川線).
 * 1993: Renovation of the north exit, along with construction of the bus terminal.

title: Yōga Station


text:
Talk:Order of Friars Minor Conventual

Merge?
I noticed someone slapped a merge tag with Franciscan at the top of the page. I oppose such a move, as the two orders are different, and should have different articles. Gentgeen 09:31, 16 July 2006 (UTC)

I agree- --KomandorskiMaru 05:18, 4 September 2006 (UTC)KomandorskiMaru

As it has been said, these are two, very distinct orders recognized by the Catholic Church.

Well, no -- they are not "very distinct." They are, with the Capuchins, the three branches of the First Order of St. Francis. However, as they did branch off early on and have had their own history, they should have their own entry, cross referenced to a general article on the Franciscan family.HarvardOxon 01:09, 17 September 2006 (UTC)

I agree, they are individual, and should remain so.

Greyfriars
People including a recent IP editor keep trying to add that the Conventual Franciscans is also known as Greyfriars. This is not the case. A group of Conventual Franciscans went to England and was nicknamed Greyfriars. This was due to the fact that their habits were usually grey. That group adopted the reference and began calling themselves Greyfriars. They also spread out a little, and the groups they created also called themselves Greyfriars. But the overall Order didn't change its name to Greyfriars. If someone wants to come up with all the references and correct wording for this they can add it to the article but putting the name "Greyfriars" on equal footing with "Conventual Franciscan" is not appropriate. The Greyfriars primarily only exist in the UK, while the Conventual Franciscans exist throughout the world. There is a small reference to this already in the Franciscan article. Marauder40 (talk) 14:57, 19 November 2010 (UTC)

Rewritten
I re-wrote the history section to make it encyclopedic, but I didn't add any citations (maybe I'll tackle that next). I also removed the Academics section because I could find no way to rewrite that and make it relevent enough to warrant a section, it mostly talked about the universities at the time and I couldn't find much that talked specifically about the Conventual Franciscans. If anyone is interested in the Academics section, it's on my sandbox page and I encourage anyone to go and see if they can salvage anything from it. Chris (talk) 02:01, 6 May 2011 (UTC)

Abysmal overall quality (an admittedly very critical opinion)
This article is about an important subject; and it definitely deserves to be its own article. However, the note at the top of the article which says "[t]his article is written like a personal reflection or essay" is a gross understatement.

"From the time of Anthony of Padua, friars preached not only on Sundays and holidays - preaching was not common practice at the time - but also during the rainy seasons." What?  The only logical alternative to "Sundays and holidays" would be times which are non-Sundays and non-holidays, but still days of the week or month or year. Otherwise, what is set up by the "not only" part of the sentence is never resolved. An analog to the convoluted logic of this sentence would be something along the lines of "not only did she work during the summer months, but she worked on Tuesdays and Fridays, too!" The connection between the parts on either side of "but" is never made. I'd not make such a big deal of it, except that it is fairly representative of the kinds of things that are inherently wrong with this article.

And since when do we refer to time by when someone lived... at least exclusively? How many average readers have any idea when was the time of Anthony of Padua? Or even Dwight Eisenhower, for at least some readers, truth be known? Shouldn't specific dates and/or time periods be referred to by years or spans of years?

It's hard to know where to even begin regarding: "Therefore, at a time when vast tracts of land were understood as power, the minority of the Conventuals led them to nestle their large houses into small plots where "Lady Poverty" could dwell with her handmaid, Community. There, the concentration of talented men living a regularized life steeped in prayer, study and work, became like a well-armed garrison that fought against the power of darkness and despondency on the battleground of urban and suburban life. The friary acted as a fortress of faith where disciplined austerity, focused generosity, and harmonized prayer grounded the friars in stability, while their itinerant hearts were missioned into the farthest corners of earthly possibilities."  And when I say "hard to know where to begin," I mean in terms of sentence structure, allegory, analog, passion, sympathy, perspective, the arcane, etc. It reads, frankly, a little like it's from the group's promotional literature; and I'm aware of no fewer than a half dozen articles which got flat-out deleted from this place because of that sort of thing.

And there are many other issues.

I'm sorry, but to characterize how it's now written as merely like "a personal reflection or essay," and/or to give it as high as a "B class" on the quality scale, is... well... it's just brow-furrowing.

I'd tackle rewriting it myself, but I'm just not qualified, nor have the time... at least not the time (or expertise) to do it truly properly, pursuant to Wikipedia standards. It would be really excellent if the original author took the time to learn how to do it right (as we all must do, so there's no shame in that), and then came back and fixed it. That would end-up making not only the article better, but him/her a better article writer, too... sort of win-win for all concerned.

Believe me, I know what it's like. I once wrote a piece for this place that was chock-full of facts, and was at least as neutral as a hard-news newspaper article. However, though I didn't realize it back then, my enthusiasm for the subject bled sufficiently through that it came across a little too promotional in nature. And so, though it offended me at the time, it got entirely removed (though the guy who removed it said I could re-work it, once I more carefully read about Wikipedia standards... which I later realized was quite fair). Yes, it stung; but I learned.

If I'm out of line, here, then someone please tell me so, and I'll then both wear it and apologize. But I just want articles like this to be of the highest possible quality. I hate it that so many in academia discredit this place; and I worry that the reason is, in part, precisely because of this quality of article. I want to see all articles around here so good that no one can reasonably find very much fault with them. I especially want this particular subject, among others of its general type, to be well, authoritatively, and dispassionately both represented and explained.

And, you know what? On second thought, shame on people who complain like I'm now complaining, but offer no solution and/or aren't willing to help. So if the original author would (after s/he stops being upset with me, as I'm quite sure s/he temporarily is, having just read all this) like me to somehow help, I will. If s/he rolls-up his/her sleeves, then I'll by-golly do so, too... contrary to what I just wrote about not having the time. I just wouldn't want to try it without having his/her kind of expertise handy. Gregg L. DesElms (Username: Deselms) 01:05, 18 April 2011 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Deselms (talk • contribs)
 * Based on the history of the article it looks like it was created in 2005 so appealing to the original editor probably won't help. It looks like it was probably a cut and paste from somewhere, either the IP editors own source or some place on the internet.  My bet somewhere on the internet.  Like any WP article it has developed since then, but not much.  I personally have only just kept it on my watchlist to watch for vandalism edits but I don't have easy access to the sources for making major edits.  I know the topic well, being a Franciscan myself, so can tell when stuff being added is BS or something like that but don't have the time to research everything that is needed to improve the article.Marauder40 (talk) 13:20, 18 April 2011 (UTC)

Discussion at Talk:Order of Friars Minor
Hello, I started a thread on Franciscans and the Order of Friars Minor at Talk:Order of Friars Minor (I believe the Conventuals are the oldest surviving and, arguably, the "more original" of the three current Franciscan first orders). I will appreciate any comment. --Checco (talk) 23:07, 2 February 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Order of Friars Minor Conventual


text: User talk:193.220.82.125

title: User talk:193.220.82.125


text:
Muhammad Sayyid Tantawy

Muhammad Sayyid Tantawy (محمد سيد طنطاوي; 28 October 1928 – 10 March 2010), also referred to as Tantawi, was an influential Islamic scholar in Egypt. From 1986 to 1996, he was the Grand Mufti of Egypt. In 1996, president Hosni Mubarak appointed him as the Grand Imam of Al-Azhar, a position he retained until his death in 2010.

Early life
Tantawy born on 28 October 1928 in the village of Selim ash-Sharqiyah in the municipality of Tama, Sohag in Egypt. He joined the Alexandria Religious Institute in 1944. He graduated from Al-Azhar's faculty of religious studies in 1958 and went on to teach. In 1966, he was awarded a PhD in Hadith and Tafsir, exegesis of the Qur'an. He became a member of the faculty of Ausol Aldeen in 1968 and a member of the faculty of Arabic & Islamic Studies at the Islamic University of Libya in 1972. In 1980 he moved to Saudi Arabia, where he became chief of the Tafsir branch of the Postgraduate studies branch at the Islamic University of Madinah. He returned to Egypt in 1985, when he became Dean of the Faculty of Ausol Aldeen at the prestigious Alexandria Religious Institute.

Education
He obtained his first degree with honours, his master's degree in education in 1959 and his PhD in 1966. His doctoral thesis was on the children of Israel in the al-Quran and al-Sunnah.

Work
In 1986, Tantawy was appointed as Grand Mufti of Egypt on his 58th birthday, 28 October 1986. He held this position for almost ten years, until he was appointed Grand Imam of Al-Azhar Mosque and Grand Sheikh of Al-Azhar University by the President of Egypt, Hosni Mubarak, on 27 March 1996. The Al-Azhar Mosque is one of the most influential and important Sunni Muslim institutions.

Tantawy completed a seven thousand page exegesis of the Qur'an (Al-tafser al-waset). This Tafsir took over ten years to complete.

Tantawy led the funeral prayers at the funeral of Yasser Arafat in 2004, during which he said that "Arafat has done his duty as a defender of the Palestinian cause, with courage and honesty".

Charging interest on loans
In 1989 the Egyptian government's support for Western-style, interest-based banks (long considered anathema by Muslim scholars as usury, or riba) was under siege by the expanding Islamic finance movement. In response to a government request for a ruling, Tantawy (then Grand Mufti of Egypt) issued a fatwa that described some forms of financial interest as tolerable- among them, those paid by government bonds and those on ordinary savings accounts. He declared that charging interest on such bank loans was in fact ribh, or just gaining profit, which was allowable. This eventually allowed the development of a mortgage industry. However, his ruling did not issue as an effectual decree. Tantawy's rationale was based on an interpretation of the Islamic sources as banning usury (an extreme and manipulative form of interest-taking) but not any and all comparable forms of gain.

His views on this issue have been very controversial among his fellow Muslim scholars. Despite years of friendship with Tantawy, well-known Egyptian scholar Yusuf al-Qaradawi has sharply criticized his position on interest.

Abortion
He issued a fatwa which allowed abortion in cases where a woman had become pregnant as a result of rape, though this created controversy and Mufti Ali Gomaa said Tantawy was wrong, and that irrespective of how the life was created, after 120 days an abortion becomes impermissible, forbidden.

Female circumcision
Tantawy opposed female circumcision calling it un-Islamic, especially in 1997, when he said "The ulema (theologians) of Islam are unanimous in agreeing that female circumcision has nothing to do with religion" and revealed his own daughter had not been circumcised.

Suicide bombings
Tantawy initially took a line against suicide bombings, and unlike his compatriot Yusuf al-Qaradawi, he condemned the use of suicide bombings against Israelis, rejecting the argument that all Israelis were legitimate targets, because at some stage they would all carry a gun. In 2003 he called suicide bombers "enemies of Islam", adding "people of different beliefs should co-operate and not get into senseless conflicts and animosity. Extremism is the enemy of Islam, whereas, jihad is allowed in Islam to defend one's land and to help the oppressed. The difference between jihad in Islam and extremism is like the earth and the sky" Tantawy, however, later the same year changed his position and said anybody blowing himself up in the face of the occupiers of his land is a martyr, in response to a question about the Islamic shari'ah stance over the Palestinians who blow up their bodies against the Israelis. He stressed, however, that Islam did not allow the killing of innocent civilians and children but only invaders and aggressors.

Female imams
Tantawy opposed women as Imams in mixed congregations during Friday prayers (Jumu'ah), saying when "A woman's body is private. When she leads men in prayer, in this case, it is not proper for them to look at the woman whose body is in front of them. Even if they see it in their daily life, it should not be in situations of worship, where the main point is humility and modesty." He also called Haidar Haidar's book, Feast for Seaweed, blasphemous. In 2001 he issued a fatwa banning women from acting as surrogate mothers or from receiving frozen sperm from dead husbands.

Pope Benedict XVI Islam controversy
In response to the Pope Benedict XVI Islam controversy, he stated "We have no objection if the Pope holds another speech and declares publicly that what the Byzantine emperor had said was wrong. At the same time, the Pope has to apologize frankly and justify what he said".

Reaction to 9/11 attacks
Speaking after the September 11, 2001 attacks, Tantawy said "It's not courage in any way to kill an innocent person, or to kill thousands of people, including men and women and children." He said that Osama bin Laden's call for a Jihad against the west was "invalid and not binding on Muslims", adding "Killing innocent civilians is a horrific, hideous act that no religion can approve". He said the Qur'an "specifically forbids the kinds of things the Taliban and al-Qaeda are guilty of".

Egyptian niqab controversy
In October 2009, Tantawy launched a campaign against the niqab (the full-face veil which covers the entire body except for the eyes, increasingly worn by women in Egypt) by personally removing the niqab of a teenage girl (after she failed to remove it) at a secondary school affiliated to Al-Azhar University, which he was touring in Cairo's Madinet Nasr suburb, much to the shock of all concerned. He had asked the teenage girl to remove her veil saying: "The niqab is a tradition, it has no connection with religion." He then instructed the girl never to wear the niqab again and promised to issue a fatwa against its use in schools, saying he was determined to officially ban any person wearing the niqab from entering schools dependent on Al-Azhar University.

Jews
In the 1960s Tantawy wrote a 700-page treatise on the children of Israel in the Quran and Sunnah (Jews in the Qur'an and the Traditions), in which he summarized: "'[The] Qur'an describes the Jews with their own particular degenerate characteristics, i.e. killing the prophets of Allah, corrupting His words by putting them in the wrong places, consuming the people's wealth frivolously, refusal to distance themselves from the evil they do, and other ugly characteristics caused by their deep-rooted lasciviousness ... only a minority of the Jews keep their word. ... [A]ll Jews are not the same. The good ones become Muslims, the bad ones do not.'" Tantawi also denied that the Western Wall had any Jewish significance and anachronistically claimed, "All of the figures from the [Hebrew] Bible were Muslims."

Saudi Arabia
Tantawy believes that Saudi Arabia is the model country for respecting human rights stating in June 2000: "Saudi Arabia leads the world in the protection of human rights because it protects them according to the shari'a of God...Everyone knows that Saudi Arabia is the leading country for the application of human rights in Islam in a just and objective fashion, with no aggression and no prejudice."

Sex reassignment surgery
In 1988, Tantawy issued a fatwa regarding the sex reassignment surgery of Egyptian woman Sally Mursi. The statement summary is translated: "It is permissible to perform the operation in order to reveal what was hidden of male or female organs. Indeed, it is obligatory to do so on the grounds that it must be considered a treatment, when a trustworthy doctor advises it. It is, however, not permissible to do it at the mere wish to change sex from woman to man, or vice versa." The fatwa has been interpreted both as in favor and also in rejection of sex reassignment operations.

Death
Tantawy died on the morning of 10 March 2010, at the age of 81, as result of a heart attack during a visit to Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Tantawy died as he was about to board his return flight to Egypt at Riyadh's King Khaled International Airport. His heart attack came just after he fell whilst boarding the plane. Tantawy had just attended the prize-giving ceremony for the King Faisal International Prize for Service to Islam. He was officially pronounced dead at the Amir Sultan hospital.

Tantawy's death was unexpected and he was described as being in "excellent shape and health" prior to his trip. Egyptian authorities stated that, at his family's request, he would be buried in Medina in Saudi Arabia, which is also the burial place of Mohammed. His burial at the Jannatul Baqee cemetery took place after funeral prayers were held at the Prophet's Mosque. Tantawy's deputy, Mohamed Wasel, took over his duties until then President Mubarak appointed a replacement, Ahmad at-Tayyeb, as the new rector of Al Azhar.

Condolences
Condolences were sent to the Egyptian government by several national leaders and scholars. These included Pope Benedict XVI, US President Barack Obama and Secretary of State Hillary Clinton; the Islamic Development Department of Malaysia (Jakim); King Mohammed VI of Morocco; King Abdullah II of Jordan, President Ali Abdullah Saleh of Yemen and President Ilham Aliyev of Azerbaijan.

Public image
Tantawy, who died at the age of 81, was a moderate, sometimes progressive voice at the apex of Islamic scholarship during a period when such measured tones tended to be drowned out on the international scene by his more militant rivals. Ebrahim Moosa, an associate professor of Islamic studies at Duke University stated: "Tantawi was not only pro-Western, he was often pro-authority and did his best to satisfy such authority, even if it meant that he had to cut corners with the body of ethical and moral rulings in Islamic teachings"..."His fatwas were not often carefully argued and scripted. They lacked a granular discussion of complex and controversial issues, and often he would cherry-pick from the tradition without proper justification."

Books
Amongst his books:

title: Muhammad Sayyid Tantawy


text:
List of Oslo Metro stations

Oslo Metro is the rapid transit system that serves Oslo and Bærum in Norway. The system is municipally owned by Sporveien and operated by the subsidiary Sporveien T-banen, which is in contract with Ruter. The metro served 85 million passengers and operated 7 million train-kilometers (4.3 train-mi) in 2013. It serves 95 stations; of which 15 are underground and 1 is built-in. In addition, 15 stations have been closed, while 4 stations on the Kolsås Line remain temporarily nonoperational since 2006 while the line is being upgraded.

The most heavily trafficked station is Jernbanetorget, which is adjacent to Oslo Central Station, closely followed by Majorstuen, the main transfer station between lines west of the city center and to several lines of the Oslo Tramway, and Nationaltheatret, which is in the heart of the city center and provides direct transfer to trains on the Drammen Line. All three stations are in the Common Tunnel. The least-used station is Lillevann, which serves the recreational area of Nordmarka. At a distance of 17.3 km, Kolsås is the farthest from the city center.

The system is served by eight lines that operate as branches from the Common Tunnel—the shared section that runs 4.8 km through the city center. The Ring Line operates in a loop north of the city center. There are six train services, numbered 1 through 6, that each operate from one branch via the city center to another branch or to the Ring Line. All services run every 15 minutes. Each branch, except for the Lambertseter Line, has one service that operates to its terminus. Because the lines gradually merge as they near the Common Tunnel, stations close to the city center may be served by multiple numbers.

The original section of the metro was the Holmenkollen Line, which opened as a suburban tramway in 1898. The Røa Line was the next to open as a branch, in 1912. The system became the first Nordic underground railway in 1928, when the underground line to Nationaltheatret was opened. The Østensjø Line opened in 1923, the Sognsvann Line in 1934, and the Kolsås Line in 1942. The opening of the upgraded metro system in the eastern boroughs occurred in 1966, after the conversion of the 1957 Lambertseter Line to metro standard. This involved the implementation of automatic train protection, longer platforms, replacement of the overhead wires with third rail and removal of level crossings. This was followed by the conversion of the Østensjø Line to metro standard, as well as the new Grorud Line and the Furuset Line. From 1987 to 1993, trains terminated at Stortinget, which has since then been the basis for the kilometer markers. In 1993, for the first time, trains ran through the city between the two networks in the Common Tunnel. The latest extension is the 2006 opening of the Ring Line, which connects the eastern and western network north of the city center. Between 2006 and 2010, the older T1000 stock was replaced with MX3000 trains.

Stations
The following table lists the name of each station; the line the station is located on;  the services (1 through 6); the date the station opened, and, if applicable, closed;    the average daily number of boarding passengers in 2001 and 2002 (except for stations on the Ring Line, where the figures are from 2007); the distance from Stortinget;  and the grade—whether the station is underground, built-in or above ground (at-grade). Seven stations function as transfer stations between lines. Seven stations allow transfer to the Oslo Tramway, and two stations allow transfer to the national rail network. The list excludes planned stations, but includes former stations that have been closed.

title: List of Oslo Metro stations