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Idol Songs: 11 of the Best

Idol Songs: 11 of the Best is a greatest hits album by English rock singer Billy Idol, released on 20 June 1988 by Chrysalis Records. It comprises all the singles released from his first three studio albums—Billy Idol, Rebel Yell and Whiplash Smile—as well as the live version of "Mony Mony" and re-recorded Generation X song "Dancing with Myself", both of which appeared on Idol's debut EP Don't Stop. A limited edition of the album contains two extra remixes, and another limited edition contains four extra remixes. The album reached number two on the UK Albums Chart and has been certified platinum by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI). In 2003, the album was reissued with a different title and cover as The Essential.

Track listings
Note: "Don't Need a Gun" (Melt Down Mix) was unavailable elsewhere on CD and remained exclusive to the limited edition versions. The "Mony Mony" (Hung Like a Pony Mix) was also available on the Japanese issue of the Vital Idol remix album. These two tracks have been available since 2012 on the So80s compilation.

Personnel

 * Kenny Aaronson – bass on "Mony Mony"
 * Jocelyn Brown – backing vocals on "To Be a Lover"
 * Sal Cuevas – bass on "Eyes Without a Face"
 * Terry Chimes – drums on "Dancing with Myself"
 * Susan Davis – keyboards on "Mony Mony"
 * Judi Dozier – keyboards on "Rebel Yell", "Eyes Without a Face", "Catch My Fall" and "Flesh for Fantasy"
 * Phil Feit – bass on "White Wedding"
 * Harold Faltermeyer – keyboards on "Don't Need a Gun"
 * Keith Forsey – drums on "Hot in the City" and "Sweet Sixteen"; Juno 60 on "To Be a Lover"; keyboards on "Sweet Sixteen"; drum programming on "Don't Need a Gun"
 * Connie Harvey – backing vocals on "To Be a Lover"
 * Billy Idol – vocals and guitars, bass on "To Be a Lover"
 * Tony James – bass on "Dancing with Myself"
 * Steve Jones – guitar on "Dancing with Myself"
 * Michael Klvana – additional keyboards on "Mony Mony"
 * Perri Lister – backing vocals on "Eyes Without a Face"
 * Marcus Miller – bass on "Sweet Sixteen"
 * Steve Missal – drums on "White Wedding"
 * Steve New – guitar on "Dancing with Myself"
 * Ainsley Otton – guitar on "Hot in the City"
 * Thommy Price – drums on "Rebel Yell", "Eyes Without a Face", "Catch My Fall", "Mony Mony" and "Flesh for Fantasy"
 * Mick Smiley – bass on "Hot in the City"
 * Stephanie Sprull – backing vocals on "Hot in the City"
 * Steve Stevens – guitar on all tracks except "Hot in the City" and "Dancing with Myself"; bass, Casio and keyboards on "Rebel Yell", "Eyes Without a Face", "Catch My Fall", "To Be a Lover" and "Flesh for Fantasy"; programming on "To Be a Lover"; bass on "Don't Need a Gun"
 * Richard Tell – piano on "To Be a Lover"
 * Steve Webster – bass on "Rebel Yell" and "Catch My Fall"
 * Mars Williams – saxophone on "Catch My Fall"
 * Janet Wright – backing vocals on "To Be a Lover"

title: Idol Songs: 11 of the Best


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Atixive

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was speedy delete (done by Ambi, I'm closing this as s/he didn't). N (t/c) 14:43, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

Atixive
Does not establish notability. Yet another snippet of fan/game-cruft that means nothing to the non-initiate. Delete. Alright merge into the appropriate page for that game. Cje 13:34, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Clear speedy candidate. I've done so. Ambi 13:35, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Atixive


text: User:Slarnbo

title: User:Slarnbo


text:
Category:Railway lines in Austria

Railway lines in Austria

title: Category:Railway lines in Austria


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Shunet El Zebib

Shunet El Zebib (Arabic:شونة الزبيب lit. "raisin barn" or "storage of the raisins" ), alternatively named Shuneh and Middle Fort, is a large mudbrick structure located at Abydos in Upper Egypt. The edifice dates to the Second Dynasty (c. 2700 BC.), and was built by the ancient Egyptian king (pharaoh) Khasekhemwy.

Description
Shunet El Zebib is made of hardened mudbricks. It consists of two rectangular surrounding walls, interlaced like a shoe box. The outer wall measures 137 × 77 m and is c. 5 m thick and 12 m high. The inner wall (perimeter wall) measures 123 × 56 m and is c. 3 m thick and 8 m high. The facade of the outer wall was niched, imitating a royal palace facade. The enclosure provides two entrances, one at the eastern corner, one at the northern corner. These entrances once consisted of massive, stone-made door jambs, the material of the door wings is unknown.

The inner area consists of a largely empty court; it is unknown if there were some substructures and/or larger buildings (such as a shrine or temple). In 1988, Australian Egyptologist David O'Connor discovered a square, flat mount made of fine limestone rubble, covered with mudbricks and forming four flat steps. It is located at the very midst of the court, its true purpose is still unknown. The only cultic building that can be archaeologically attested is a small chapel close to the south-eastern corner. Its ruins are also made of hardened mud bricks.

History
Shunet El Zebib was founded around 2700 BC. by the ancient Egyptian king Khasekhemwy, the last ruler of the 2nd Dynasty. The Shunet was built as a so-called funerary enclosure, a place where the deceased king was worshipped and memorized. Such a place was named "house of the Ka" or "Ka-house" by the Egyptians and it was some kind of forerunner to the later mortuary temples known from the Old Kingdom period. As usual for the Early Kingdom, abydene rulers had their own mastaba tomb with a separated funerary enclosure close by. Because Khasekhemwy and his predecessor Peribsen were buried at Abydos and had their funerary enclosures at the same location, some Egyptologists believe that both kings belonged to a royal dynasty line named Thinite Dynasty. This could indeed explain Peribsen's and Khasekhemwy's choice of place. However, it is unknown how long the mortuary enclosure of Khasekhemwy was in use, neither its Ancient Egyptian name is known. Because of its thick and interlaced walls, it was long time thought that Shunet El Zebib was a military fortress, which led to its alternative designation as "Middle Fort". But archaeological findings provide only cultic and religious activities and a location so close to cemeteries speaks rather against any military use. Khasekhemwy's enclosure domain is now evaluated as the most advanced and most massive version of a Ka-house.

Archaeological and Egyptological importance
Shunet El Zebib is of great importance to archaeologists, Egyptologists and historians alike. The Institute of Fine Arts at New York City led and promoted several preservation campaigns between 2002 and 2007, mostly focused on the enclosure walls. These are heavily damaged and at some sections in danger of collapse. Most damage comes, beside natural aging due neglect after abandonment, from local hornets of the species Vespa orientalis. They burrow their nests into the walls, hollow out the inner bricks and thus make the walls highly unstable. Another danger to the structure are wild jackals, which attentively observe excavators' diggings and then burrow under the foundation of the structure in the hopes of catching roused prey.

Under the guidance of Matthew Douglas Adams and David O'Connor, preservation works still focus on the filling of gaps and holes in the enclosure walls, approximately 250,000 new mud bricks were already created. In the meantime, the southern entrance has been reconstructed at the site.

Because of the stunning architectural similarities between Shunet El Zebib and the Pyramid complex of 3rd dynasty king Djoser, archaeologists and Egyptologists often describe the "Middle Fort" as a direct forerunner of the step pyramid complexes. The flat, stepped inner mount of the Shunet El Zebib is even considered a "proto-pyramid".

title: Shunet El Zebib


text:
Toei Shinjuku Line

The Toei Shinjuku Line (都営地下鉄新宿線) is a rapid transit line in Tokyo and Chiba Prefecture, Japan, operated by Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation (Toei). The line runs between Motoyawata Station in Ichikawa, Chiba in the east and Shinjuku Station in the west. At Shinjuku, most trains continue as through services to Sasazuka Station on the Keiō New Line, with some services continuing to Hashimoto Station in Sagamihara, Kanagawa via the Keiō Line and the Keiō Sagamihara Line.

On maps and signboards, the line is shown in the color leaf green. Stations carry the letter "S" followed by a two-digit number inside a yellow-green chartreuse circle.

Basic data

 * Double-tracking: Entire line
 * Railway signalling: D-ATC

Overview
Unlike all other Tokyo subway lines, which were built to or  gauges, the Shinjuku line was built with a track gauge of  to allow through operations onto the Keiō network. The line was planned as Line 10 according to reports of a committee of the former Ministry of Transportation; thus the rarely used official name of the line is the "Number 10 Shinjuku Line" (10号線新宿線).

According to the Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation, as of June 2009 the Shinjuku Line was the third most crowded subway line in Tokyo, at its peak running at 181% capacity between Nishi-ōjima and Sumiyoshi stations.

It is the only Toei line to run outside Tokyo, and one of only two Tokyo subway lines to run into Chiba Prefecture, the other being the Tokyo Metro Tozai Line. The Tokyo Metro Yūrakuchō Line and the Tokyo Metro Fukutoshin Line are the only other subway lines to run beyond Tokyo, with their shared northern terminus at Wakōshi Station in Saitama Prefecture. All lines that have through services contain at least one route beyond Tokyo, however.

Station list

 * Express trains stop at stations marked with a circle (●), while local trains make all stops.
 * Express trains run between Motoyawata Station and Hashimoto Station on the Keiō Sagamihara Line via the Keio Main Line and Keio New Line.
 * On weekends and holidays, two trains run through to Takaosanguchi Station on the Keiō Takao Line and one runs through to Tama-Dōbutsukōen Station on the Keiō Dōbutsuen Line.

Rolling stock
The Toei Shinjuku Line is served by the following types of 8-car and 10-car EMUs.

Current

 * Toei 10-300 series
 * Keio 5000 series
 * Keio 9000 series

Former

 * Toei 10-300R series (until 2017)
 * Toei 10-000 series (until 2018)
 * Keio 6000 series (until 2011)

History

 * 21 December 1978: Iwamotochō – Higashi-ōjima section opens.
 * 16 March 1980: Shinjuku – Iwamotochō section opens; through service onto Keiō lines begins.
 * 23 December 1983: Higashi-ōjima – Funabori section opens.
 * 14 September 1986: Funabori – Shinozaki section opens.
 * 19 March 1989: Shinozaki – Motoyawata section opens, entire line completed.

title: Toei Shinjuku Line


text:
Coherent control

Coherent control is a quantum mechanics-based method for controlling dynamic processes by light. The basic principle is to control quantum interference phenomena, typically by shaping the phase of laser pulses. The basic ideas have proliferated, finding vast application in spectroscopy mass spectra, quantum information processing, laser cooling, ultracold physics and more.

Brief History
The initial idea was to control the outcome of chemical reactions. Two approaches were pursued:

 * in the time domain, a "pump-dump" scheme where the control is the time delay between pulses
 * in the frequency domain, interfering pathways controlled by one and three photons.

The two basic methods eventually merged with the introduction of optimal control theory.

Experimental realizations soon followed in the time domain and in the frequency domain. Two interlinked developments accelerated the field of coherent control: experimentally, it was the development of pulse shaping by a spatial light modulator and its employment in coherent control. The second development was the idea of automatic feedback control and its experimental realization.

Controllability
Coherent control aims to steer a quantum system from an initial state to a target state via an external field. For given initial and final (target) states, the coherent control is termed state-to-state control. A generalization is steering simultaneously an arbitrary set of initial pure states to an arbitrary set of final states i.e. controlling a unitary transformation. Such an application sets the foundation for a quantum gate operation.

Controllability of a closed quantum system has been addressed by Tarn and Clark. Their theorem based in control theory states that for a finite-dimensional, closed-quantum system, the system is completely controllable, i.e. an arbitrary unitary transformation of the system can be realized by an appropriate application of the controls if the control operators and the unperturbed Hamiltonian generate the Lie algebra of all Hermitian operators. Complete controllability implies state-to-state controllability.

The computational task of finding a control field for a particular state-to-state transformation is difficult and becomes more difficult with the increase in the size of the system. This task is in the class of hard inversion problems of high computational complexity. The algorithmic task of finding the field that generates a unitary transformation scales factorial more difficult with the size of the system. This is because a larger number of state-to-state control fields have to be found without interfering with the other control fields. It has been shown that solving general quantum optimal control problems is equivalent to solving Diophantine equations. It therefore follows from the negative answer to Hilbert's tenth problem that quantum optimal controllability is in general undecidable.

Once constraints are imposed controllability can be degraded. For example, what is the minimum time required to achieve a control objective? This is termed the "quantum speed limit". The speed limit can be calculated by quantizing Ulam's control conjecture.

Constructive approach to coherent control
The constructive approach uses a set of predetermined control fields for which the control outcome can be inferred.

The pump dump scheme in the time domain and the three vs one photon interference scheme in the frequency domain are prime examples. Another constructive approach is based on adiabatic ideas. The most well studied method is Stimulated raman adiabatic passage STIRAP which employs an auxiliary state to achieve complete state-to-state population transfer.

One of the most prolific generic pulse shapes is a chirped pulse a pulse with a varying frequency in time.

Optimal control
Optimal control as applied in coherent control seeks the optimal control field for steering a quantum system to its objective. For state-to-state control the objective is defined as the maximum overlap at the final time T with the state $$|\phi_f \rangle $$:
 * $$J= |\langle\psi (T)| \phi_f\rangle|^2 $$

where the initial state is $$| \phi_i\rangle$$. The time dependent control Hamiltonian has the typical form:
 * $$ H(t) = H_0 + \mu \cdot \epsilon(t) $$

where $$ \epsilon (t)$$ is the control field. Optimal control solves for the optimal field $$\epsilon(t)$$using the calculus of variations introducing Lagrange multipliers. A new objective functional is defined

J' = J + \int_0^{T} \langle \chi (t)|\left( i \frac{\partial}{\partial t}-H(\epsilon(t))\right)|\psi(t) \rangle dt +\lambda \int_o^T |\epsilon(t)|^2 dt $$ where $$ |\chi\rangle$$ is a wave function like Lagrange multiplier and the $$\lambda$$ parameter regulates the integral intensity. Variation of $$ J'$$ with respect to $$ \delta \epsilon $$ and $$\delta \psi $$ leads to two coupled Schrödinger equations. A forward equation for $$|\psi\rangle$$ with initial condition $$|\psi(0)\rangle=|\phi_i\rangle$$and a backward equation for the Lagrange multiplier $$|\chi\rangle$$ with final condition $$|\chi(T)\rangle=|\phi_f\rangle$$. Finding a solution requires an iterative approach. Different algorithms have been applied for obtaining the control field such as the Krotov method.

A local in time alternative method has been developed, where at each time step, the field is calculated to direct the state to the target. A related method has been called tracking

Experimental applications
Some applications of coherent control are

 * Unimolecular and bimolecular chemical reactions.
 * The biological photoisomerization of Retinal.
 * The field of nuclear magnetic resonance.
 * The field of ultracold matter for photoassociation.
 * Quantum information processing.
 * Attosecond physics.

Another important issue is the spectral selectivity of two photon coherent control. These concepts can be applied to single pulse Raman spectroscopy and microscopy.

As one of the cornerstones for enabling quantum technologies, optimal quantum control keeps evolving and expanding into areas as diverse as quantum-enhanced sensing, manipulation of single spins, photons, or atoms, optical spectroscopy, photochemistry, magnetic resonance (spectroscopy as well as medical imaging), quantum information processing, and quantum simulation.

title: Coherent control


text:
Robinson arithmetic

In mathematics, Robinson arithmetic is a finitely axiomatized fragment of first-order Peano arithmetic (PA), first set out by Raphael M. Robinson in 1950. It is usually denoted Q. Q is almost PA without the axiom schema of mathematical induction. Q is weaker than PA but it has the same language, and both theories are incomplete. Q is important and interesting because it is a finitely axiomatized fragment of PA that is recursively incompletable and essentially undecidable.

Axioms
The background logic of Q is first-order logic with identity, denoted by infix '='. The individuals, called natural numbers, are members of a set called N with a distinguished member 0, called zero. There are three operations over N:

 * A unary operation called successor and denoted by prefix S;
 * Two binary operations, addition and multiplication, denoted by infix + and ·, respectively.

The following axioms for Q are Q1–Q7 in (cf. also the axioms of first-order arithmetic). Variables not bound by an existential quantifier are bound by an implicit universal quantifier.

 * 1) Sx ≠ 0
 * 2) *0 is not the successor of any number.
 * 3) (Sx = Sy) → x = y
 * 4) * If the successor of x is identical to the successor of y, then x and y are identical. (1) and (2) yield the minimum of facts about N (it is an infinite set bounded by 0) and S (it is an injective function whose domain is N) needed for non-triviality. The converse of (2) follows from the properties of identity.
 * 5) y=0 ∨ ∃x (Sx = y)
 * 6) * Every number is either 0 or the successor of some number. The axiom schema of mathematical induction present in arithmetics stronger than Q turns this axiom into a theorem.
 * 7) x + 0 = x
 * 8) x + Sy = S(x + y)
 * 9) * (4) and (5) are the recursive definition of addition.
 * 10) x·0 = 0
 * 11) x·Sy = (x·y) + x
 * 12) * (6) and (7) are the recursive definition of multiplication.

Variant axiomatizations
The axioms in are (1)–(13) in. The first 6 of Robinson's 13 axioms are required only when, unlike here, the background logic does not include identity.

The usual strict total order on N, "less than" (denoted by "<"), can be defined in terms of addition via the rule x < y ↔ ∃z (Sz + x = y). Equivalently, we get a definitional conservative extension of Q by taking "<" as primitive and adding this rule as an eighth axiom; this system is termed "Robinson arithmetic R" in.

A different extension of Q, which we temporarily call Q+, is obtained if we take "<" as primitive and add (instead of the last definitional axiom) the following three axioms to axioms (1)–(7) of Q:

 * ¬(x < 0)
 * x < Sy ↔ (x < y ∨ x = y)
 * x < y ∨ x = y ∨ y < x

Q+ is still a conservative extension of Q, in the sense that any formula provable in Q+ not containing the symbol "<" is already provable in Q. (Adding only the first two of the above three axioms to Q gives a conservative extension of Q that is equivalent to what calls Q*. See also, but note that the second of the above three axioms cannot be deduced from "the pure definitional extension" of Q obtained by adding only the axiom x < y ↔ ∃z (Sz + x = y).)

Among the axioms (1)–(7) of Q, axiom (3) needs an inner existential quantifier. gives an axiomatization that has only (implicit) outer universal quantifiers, by dispensing with axiom (3) of Q but adding the above three axioms with < as primitive. That is, Shoenfield's system is Q+ minus axiom (3), and is strictly weaker than Q+, since axiom (3) is independent of the other axioms (for example, the ordinals less than $$\omega^\omega$$ forms a model for all axioms except (3) when Sv is interpreted as v + 1). Shoenfield's system also appears in, where it is called the "minimal arithmetic" (also denoted by Q). A closely related axiomatization, that uses "≤" instead of "<", may be found in.

Metamathematics
On the metamathematics of Q see, , , and. The intended interpretation of Q is the natural numbers and their usual arithmetic in which addition and multiplication have their customary meaning, identity is equality, and 0 is the natural number zero.

Any model (structure) that satisfies all axioms of Q except possibly axiom (3) has a unique submodel ("the standard part") isomorphic to the standard natural numbers (N, +, ·, S, 0). (Axiom (3) need not be satisfied; for example the polynomials with non-negative integer coefficients forms a model that satisfies all axioms except (3).)

Q, like Peano arithmetic, has nonstandard models of all infinite cardinalities. However, unlike Peano arithmetic, Tennenbaum's theorem does not apply to Q, and it has computable non-standard models. For instance, there is a computable model of Q consisting of integer-coefficient polynomials with positive leading coefficient, plus the zero polynomial, with their usual arithmetic.

A notable characteristic of Q is the absence of the axiom scheme of induction. Hence it is often possible to prove in Q every specific instance of a fact about the natural numbers, but not the associated general theorem. For example, 5 + 7 = 7 + 5 is provable in Q, but the general statement x + y = y + x is not. Similarly, one cannot prove that Sx ≠ x. A model of Q that fails many of the standard facts is obtained by adjoining two distinct new elements a and b to the standard model of natural numbers and defining Sa = a, Sb = b, x + a = b and x + b = a for all x, a + n = a and b + n = b if n is a standard natural number, x·0 = 0 for all x, a·n = b and b·n = a if n is a non-zero standard natural number, x·a = a for all x except x = a, x·b = b for all x except x = b, a·a = b, and b·b = a.

Q is interpretable in a fragment of Zermelo's axiomatic set theory, consisting of extensionality, existence of the empty set, and the axiom of adjunction. This theory is S' in and ST in. See general set theory for more details.

Q is a finitely axiomatized first-order theory that is considerably weaker than Peano arithmetic (PA), and whose axioms contain only one existential quantifier. Yet like PA it is incomplete and incompletable in the sense of Gödel's incompleteness theorems, and essentially undecidable. derived the Q axioms (1)–(7) above by noting just what PA axioms are required to prove that every computable function is representable in PA. The only use this proof makes of the PA axiom schema of induction is to prove a statement that is axiom (3) above, and so, all computable functions are representable in Q. The conclusion of Gödel's second incompleteness theorem also holds for Q: no consistent recursively axiomatized extension of Q can prove its own consistency, even if we additionally restrict Gödel numbers of proofs to a definable cut.

The first incompleteness theorem applies only to axiomatic systems defining sufficient arithmetic to carry out the necessary coding constructions (of which Gödel numbering forms a part). The axioms of Q were chosen specifically to ensure they are strong enough for this purpose. Thus the usual proof of the first incompleteness theorem can be used to show that Q is incomplete and undecidable. This indicates that the incompleteness and undecidability of PA cannot be blamed on the only aspect of PA differentiating it from Q, namely the axiom schema of induction.

Gödel's theorems do not hold when any one of the seven axioms above is dropped. These fragments of Q remain undecidable, but they are no longer essentially undecidable: they have consistent decidable extensions, as well as uninteresting models (i.e., models that are not end-extensions of the standard natural numbers).

title: Robinson arithmetic


text: User talk:Rayg99

title: User talk:Rayg99


text: User talk:209.175.209.6

title: User talk:209.175.209.6


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ibn ul alam Hunza

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Woohookitty 08:19, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

Ibn ul alam Hunza
Hoax? Vanity? Googling for "alam Hunza", "alam Hunzai", "alam Sani", "alam Hun" gives nothing to support article's claim of notability. Also, claims of defence of "ethnic Pakistanis" seems suspicious, since "Pakistan" is an amalgam less than 60 years old. DS 13:41, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete either case not notable. Groeck 15:55, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per above. Dottore So 19:32, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity. *drew 00:50, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:Fundamental justice

Untitled
At first glance, it looked like it could be merged with Section Seven of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, but on second thought, it's a concept that exists outside section 7, namely in the Bill of Rights and perhaps section 24. On that grounds, although principles of fundamental justice redirects to section 7, I expanded this and I think this article can stand. CanadianCaesar 13:42, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

It is true that 'fundamental justice' is an operative concept in administrative law. However, as far as caselaw is concerned, the purview of 'fundamental justice' extends far beyond being principles of natural justice. see Re Motor Vehicle Act 1985 SCC 72 This is a good start, however, it is somewhat misleading. I would remove "administrative" from "administrative law". In fact, this page is in great need of expansion. --Ben 00:12, 13 April 2006 (UTC)
 * The article has a couple links to Section Seven of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. That's about what you're looking for.  CanadianCaesar Et tu, Brute? 00:35, 13 April 2006 (UTC)
 * I'm aware that there are links to section 7 of the Charter. My point is that "fundamental justice" is a term found in Canadian Constitutional Law or quasi-constitutional law (Canadian Bill of Rights), not in administrative law per se -- although it may be applied there. The article just seems a tad incoherent . . . it seems to jump from one thing to another. I would propose that we focus on the meaning that fundamental justice has been given in the case law and perhaps contrast it with the concept of "due process" etc. --Ben 01:31, 13 April 2006 (UTC)

Certainly better treatment of the term is in order. From the looks of cases like Chaoulli, "fundamental justice" is going to be a real hot legal topic for some time to come. --PullUpYourSocks 04:34, 13 April 2006 (UTC)
 * I'm still not getting you. The article has a large section on the Bill of Rights.  While the case law has extended fundamental justice past natural justice, as far as I'm aware that's a section 7 thing, not a Bill of Rights thing.  CanadianCaesar Et tu, Brute? 12:27, 13 April 2006 (UTC)
 * What I am saying is that the concept of "fundamental justice" is self-standing. Since it is given an article of its own its meaning should be independent of the laws it is found other, most notably section 7 of the Charter and Section 2 (e) of the Canadian Bill of Rights. There is a substantial amount of a caselaw under which "fundamental justice", per se, is expounded upon, majority opinions, concurring opinions, dissenting opinions. What I suggest is that we take a look at those opinions and provide a neutral and broad perspective of "fundamental justice" as a term, not solely found in administrative or constitutional law, but in Canadian Law in its entirety. --Ben 18:26, 13 April 2006 (UTC)
 * What are specific examples in which fundamental justice is viewed as a guarantee in and of itself? CanadianCaesar Et tu, Brute? 18:28, 13 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Well for starters the Courts have recognized that "fundamental justice" must be guranteed in cases where there is a deprivation of life, liberty and security of the person per section 7. However, that is irrelevant to this discussion. I'm looking at "fundamental justice" as a concept and not right.--Ben 18:35, 13 April 2006 (UTC)

Introduction
I have concerns about the new introduction. It's now seemingly based on section 7. Does the author know this is how the right is read in New Zealand? Also under the Canadian Bill of Rights it was a more limited right. CanadianCaesar Et tu, Brute? 01:14, 23 March 2007 (UTC)

Your concerns are warranted. However, Canadian jurisprudence as to content of fundamental justice, to my knowledge (which I confess is rather thin), is and would be more developed than the relevant jurisprudence in New Zealand. Perhaps, the article could be divided, one specific to each country. With respect to fundamental justice under the Canadian Bill of Rights, it was a qualifier of a right: the right to a fair hearing (". . . the right to a fair hearing in accordance with the principles of fundamental justice for the determination of his rights and obligations;"). It was interpreted in that light as imposing the requirements of natural justice, but was left undefined by the courts. The difficulty with a comparison, is that until the advent of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, fundamental justice was a rarely and unconventionally used term. It certainly was and still is novel and somewhat controversial. Ben 04:38, 23 March 2007 (UTC)
 * I see no reason to divide this when we already have this separate from Section 7 of the Canadian Charter and don't see how we can judge whose law is better evolved that whose without resorting to OR. I'd suggest moving that material down to the section on section 7. CanadianCaesar Et tu, Brute? 01:39, 24 March 2007 (UTC)
 * I think much of the material on the principles of fundamental justice in the section 7 article should be moved under this article. Whatever we do, however, it may be wise to be mindful of diversity in jurisprudence. The due process clause in the Canadian Bill of Rights, for instance, means nothing like the due process clause in the 5th and 14th amendments of the US Constitution. We should certainly learn more about how the courts have interpreted fundamental justice in NZ before we make the decision. The term was imported from Canada's legal system, they may have placed great weight on how Canada's courts interpret it. Until we learn more, it looks like this article is at an impasse.Ben 02:10, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Hmmm, impasse..."Only in Canada you say...?" Pity! I say this is a great article which can shed some serious light on the foundational basis of the rudiments of Fundamental Justice. While a Commentator above appears willing to emphasize on the "concept" of the subject matter, a thorough picture of the nature of such an analysis strongly favors the discussion of the concept of the Rule of Law as of it's interpretation in canadian jurisprudence. Perhaps this Article -- once duly expanded -- can provide additional weight on the logistics of Fundamental Justice as of it's interpretive basis within domestic and international Law? Let's Keep Up the Good Work Shall We? just (talk) 14:03, 16 June 2008 (UTC)

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"Access to Justice" Section Appears Copy-pasted
Hi,

The section entitled "Access to justice" appears to be copy and pasted from another source without citation. It even includes ellipses that seem to be paraphrasing that uncited original source. Not sure the etiquette, or how to flag that, but I thought I would raise the point.

Thanks, 204.40.194.131 (talk) 20:13, 20 June 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Fundamental justice


text:
The Malayan Trilogy

The Malayan Trilogy, also published as The Long Day Wanes: A Malayan Trilogy in the United States, is a comic 'triptych' of novels by Anthony Burgess set amidst the decolonisation of Malaya.

It is a detailed fictional exploration of the effects of the Malayan Emergency and of Britain's final withdrawal from its Southeast Asian territories. The American title, decided on by Burgess himself, is taken from Alfred, Lord Tennyson's poem Ulysses: 'The lights begin to twinkle from the rocks: | The long day wanes: the slow moon climbs: the deep | Moans round with many voices. Come, my friends, | 'Tis not too late to seek a newer world.' (ll. 55-57)

The three volumes are:
 * Time for a Tiger (1956)
 * The Enemy in the Blanket (1958)
 * Beds in the East (1959)

The trilogy tracks the fortunes of the history teacher Victor Crabbe, his professional difficulties, his marriage problems, and his attempt to do his duty in the war against the insurgents.

Time for a Tiger
Time for a Tiger, the first part of the trilogy, is dedicated, in Jawi script on the first page of the book, "to all my Malayan friends" ("Kepada sahabat-sahabat saya di Tanah Melayu"). It was Burgess's first published work of fiction and appeared in 1956. The title alludes to an advertising slogan for Tiger beer, then, as now, popular in the Malay peninsula. The action centres on the vicissitudes of Victor Crabbe, a history teacher at an elite school for all the peninsula's ethnic groups – Malay Chinese and Indian – the Mansor School, in Kuala Hantu (modelled on the Malay College at Kuala Kangsar, Perak and Raffles Institution, Singapore).

Victor Crabbe, a resident teacher at the Mansor School, seeks to tackle the threat posed by a boy Communist who appears to be conducting clandestine night-time indoctrination sessions with fellow students. But the headmaster, Boothby, scoffs at Crabbe's warnings.

Nabby Adams, an alcoholic police lieutenant who prefers warm beer ("he could not abide it cold"), persuades Crabbe to buy a car, enabling Adams to make a commission as a middleman. This is despite the fact that Crabbe will not drive because of a traumatic car accident in which his first wife died and he was the driver.

Crabbe's marriage to the blonde Fenella is crumbling, while he carries on an affair with a Malay divorcee employed at a nightclub. A junior police officer who works for Adams, Alladad Khan, (who has a secret crush on Fenella) moonlights as a driver for the couple. Ibrahim bin Mohamed Salleh, a (married) gay cook, works for the couple but is being pursued by the wife he has fled from after being forced to marry her by his family.

The threads of the plot come together when Alladad Khan drives Crabbe, Fenella and Adams to a nearby village, along a route where they face possible ambush by Chinese terrorists. Due to unforeseen circumstances, they return late to the school's speech day and an unexpected chain of events follows that transforms the lives of all the main characters.

The Enemy in the Blanket
The title is a literal translation of the Malay idiom "musuh dalam selimut", which means to be betrayed by an intimate (somewhat similar but not quite the same as the English "sleeping with the enemy"), alluding to the struggles of marriage but also other betrayals in the story. The novel charts the continuing adventures of Victor Crabbe, who becomes headmaster of a school in the imaginary sultanate of Dahaga (meaning thirst in Malay and identifiable with Kelantan) in the years and months leading up to Malayan independence.

Crabbe is made headmaster of a school in Dahaga, in the east coast of Malaya (in an introduction to the trilogy, he identifies the sultanate as Kota Baharu in Kelantan ).

Burgess was dismayed by the design of the cover of the 1958 Heinemann edition of the novel, presumably designed in London. It shows a Sikh working as a ricksha-puller, something unheard of in Malaya or anywhere else. He wrote in his autobiography (Little Wilson and Big God, p. 416): "The design on [the] dust-jacket showed a Sikh pulling a white man and woman in a jinrickshaw. I, who had always looked up to publishers, was discovering that they could be as inept as authors. The reviewers would blame me, not the cover-designer, for that blatant display of ignorance."

Beds in the East
The title is taken from a line spoken by Mark Antony in Antony and Cleopatra II.vi.49–52: 'The beds i' the east are soft; and thanks to you,/That call'd me timelier than my purpose hither;/For I have gain'd by 't.'

Main characters

 * Victor Crabbe, initially a resident teacher at the Mansor School, seeks to tackle the threat posed by a boy Communist who appears to be conducting clandestine night-time indoctrination sessions with fellow students. But the headmaster, Boothby, scoffs at Crabbe's warnings. Crabbe later becomes a headmaster and, in the third book, an education officer.
 * Fenella, Crabbe's second wife
 * Nabby Adams (in Time for a Tiger), an alcoholic police lieutenant who prefers warm beer ("he could not abide it cold"). He persuades Crabbe to buy a car, enabling Adams to make a commission as a middleman, even though Crabbe will not drive because of a traumatic car accident in which his first wife died and he was the driver.
 * Ah Wing (in The Enemy in the Blanket), Crabbe's elderly Chinese cook, who, it emerges, has been supplying the insurgents with provisions
 * Ibrahim (in “Time for a Tiger”), the Crabbes’ transvestite servant who fears being found by his wife whom he was forced to marry by his family
 * Abdul Kadir (in The Enemy in the Blanket), Crabbe's hard-drinking and foul-mouthed teaching colleague at the school, whose every sentence includes the words "For fuck's sake!"
 * The hard-up lawyer Rupert Hardman (in The Enemy in the Blanket), who converts to Islam in order to wed a domineering Muslim woman, 'Che Normah, for her money. He later bitterly regrets it and tries to return to the West in order to escape the marriage.
 * Talbot (in The Enemy in the Blanket), the State Education Officer, a fat-buttocked gourmand whom Victor Crabbe cuckolds, and who himself cuckolded Crabbe years earlier
 * Anne Talbot (in The Enemy in the Blanket), Talbot's wife, a wanton but unhappy adulteress
 * The womanising Abang of Dahaga (in The Enemy in the Blanket), who is also a devotee of chess, and who aims both to seduce Crabbe's wife and to purloin his car
 * Father Laforgue (in The Enemy in the Blanket), a priest who has spent most of his life in China and longs to return there. but is prevented from doing so, having been banished by the Communist regime
 * Jaganathan (in The Enemy in the Blanket), a fellow teacher who plots to supplant and ruin Crabbe
 * Mohinder Singh ( (in The Enemy in the Blanket), a shopkeeper trying desperately, and failing, to compete with Chinese traders
 * Robert Loo (in Beds in the East), a brilliant boy composer whose musical career Crabbe seeks to further
 * Rosemary Michael (in Beds in the East), an "eminently nubile" Tamil with "quite considerable capacity for all kinds of sensuous pleasure" and an inability to tell the truth, even to herself
 * Tommy Jones (in Beds in the East), a beer salesman. "That's my line. I sell beer all over the East. Thirty years on the job. Three thousand a month and a car allowance and welcome wherever I go."
 * Lim Cheng Po (in Beds in the East), an Anglophile lawyer
 * Tuan Haji Mohammed Nasir Bin Abdul Talib (in Beds in the East), an Australian judge who harbours a secret resentment against the English
 * Moneypenny (in Beds in the East), an anthropologist living in the Malayan jungle and studying hill tribes. He has lost touch with civilisation to the extent that he believes it is lethal to laugh at butterflies and "now regarded even a lavatory as supererogatory".

Editions
Initially published by Heinemann in discrete volumes, all known editions have since included all three novels in one volume. The list below excludes out-of-print editions, notably the paperback editions published by Penguin and Minerva in Britain, and W. W. Norton's hardback edition published in the United States in 1964.
 * Burgess, Anthony The Malayan Trilogy. (London: Vintage, 2000) ISBN 978-0-7493-9592-6. This is the only edition that includes Burgess's retrospective introduction.
 * Burgess, Anthony The Long Day Wanes: A Malayan Trilogy. (New York: W. W. Norton, 1993) ISBN 978-0-393-30943-0. U.S. paperback edition.

Works of criticism

 * Bloom, Harold (ed.) Anthony Burgess. (New York: Chelsea House, 1987) ISBN 978-0-87754-676-4.
 * Lewis, Roger Anthony Burgess. (London: Faber, 2002) ISBN 978-0-571-20492-2. A biography of Burgess.
 * Yahya, Zawiah Resisting Colonialist Discourse. (Bangi: Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 1994) ISBN 978-967-942-296-2.
 * Kerr, Douglas Eastern Figures: Orient and Empire in British Writing (Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2008) ISBN 978-962-209-934-0. pp 191–196.
 * Erwin, Lee 'Britain's Small Wars: Domesticating "Emergency"', in The Edinburgh Companion to Twentieth-Century British and American War Literature, (eds.) Piette, A. and M. Rawlinson (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2012) ISBN 978-0-7486-3874-1. pp. 81–89.

title: The Malayan Trilogy


text:
Talk:The Way of a Pilgrim

Untitled
The article claims Saint Ignatius Brianchaninov wrote comments on The Way of a Pilgrim. The citation links to a foreword of his book, and the foreword is by Bishop Kallistos Ware. On the very next page of the foreword xxxi, he states: "Incidentally, Ignatius makes no mention of The Way of a Pilgrim, because it was not published until 1881, fourteen years after his death." -- Anonymous 22:56 7 March 2021 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.236.113.204 (talk)

Orthodox Catholicism? Clarify, please. -- IvanP 13:42, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Way of a Pilgrim


text:
Lipit-Ishtar

Lipit-Ishtar (Akkadian: Lipit-Ištar; fl. c. 1870 BC – c. 1860 BC by the short chronology of the ancient Near East) was the 5th king of the First Dynasty of Isin, according to the Sumerian King List (SKL). Also according to the SKL: he was the successor of Išme-Dagān. Ur-Ninurta then succeeded Lipit-Ištar. Some documents and royal inscriptions from his time have survived, however, Lipit-Ištar is mostly known due to the Sumerian language hymns that were written in his honor, as well as a legal code written in his name (preceding the famed Code of Hammurabi by about 100 years)—which were used for school instruction for hundreds of years after Lipit-Ištar's death. The annals of Lipit-Ištar's reign recorded that he also repulsed the Amorites.

title: Lipit-Ishtar


text:
User:Qronky

I'm not Gronky, just more cranky.

title: User:Qronky


text: Wikipedia:Picture of the day/August 28, 2005


text:
User talk:Jbenhill

First, the boilerplate:

Howdy, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thanks for your contribution. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page (below).
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Thanks for your great contributions to griot and Tidjani. As you've probably noticed, Africa is sadly underrepresented on Wikipedia. If you're interested in continuing to work on these topics, I recommend checking out Wikiproject: Countering systemic bias and Wikiportal/Africa; there's also an Africa Collaboration of the Week that you can help out with if you like. But most of all, have fun, and happy editing! --Dvyost 13:43, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the info. Hopefully I'll have time to make some more contributions based on my research alongside writing my dissertation.  (I guess you can empathize.)  Jbenhill 08:58, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

Arabic transliteration
I certainly can empathize--grad school keeps me busy enough even when my state hasn't just been hit by a hurricane (I'm luckily clear, though, and in a fine position to help with relief efforts). As for your "draconian" edits, I'm happy to see them--I've actually been asking around on wikipedia on the transliteration issue for quite some time. I'd even encourage you to glance at my user page for a few more W Africa articles that could probably use a proper transliteration (Umar Tall and Seku Amadu spring immediately to mind, also the mansas of Mali); I'd just ask you to make sure you create proper redirects when necessary, because with so many possible transliterations, the West Africa articles often get duplicated or fail to link up. For that matter, you may want to create redirects based on the various transliteration systems you know, where I've missed them; I've just tried to look at a few sources and put in as many variant spellings as I could.

Anyway, I've never been more than an interested amateur filling a void here, so feel free to slash and burn as you see fit! I've no doubt you'll find some dubious claims and even, though I hate to say it, outright errors. I won't have much time to contribute until Christmas, but I'll look forward to seeing what else you may put up. Though you seem to already have the hang of things, check in again if you have any questions! All the best, Dave --Dvyost 21:49, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

West Africa
Hey Joseph, one area where a contribution would be much appreciated would be in West Africa's regional overview article. One of my pet projects this summer was to try to get the regional overviews fleshed out, since 1000s of articles link there, and many English-speaking readers are going to need an overview of the broad outlines of African history; unfortunately it never really got off the ground, but we did get a West Africa article partly in place. First, we're trying to decide if Cameroon, Gabon, and Rep. of Congo should be considered part of W. Af.--if you have any thoughts, could you add them to user talk in the few days? Second, and this is what I'm really curious about, do you have any interest in adding a few paragraphs on "Religion in West Africa"? It's a section that I think is conspicuously missing but that I didn't quite feel qualified to fill in. Anyway, if you're interested, your efforts would be much appreciated! Later, D --Dvyost 14:52, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

Image source/licensing for Image:AhmaduBamba.jpg
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Unspecified source for Image:BaayNiass.jpg
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Unspecified source for Image:BaayNiass.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:BaayNiass.jpg. I noticed that the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you did not create this file yourself, then you will need to specify the owner of the copyright. If you obtained it from a website, then a link to the website from which it was taken, together with a restatement of that website's terms of use of its content, is usually sufficient information. However, if the copyright holder is different from the website's publisher, then their copyright should also be acknowledged.

As well as adding the source, please add a proper copyright licensing tag if the file doesn't have one already. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then the GFDL-self tag can be used to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media meets the criteria at Fair use, use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have specified their source and tagged them, too. You can find a list of files you have uploaded by following [ this link]. Unsourced and untagged images may be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If the image is copyrighted under a non-free license (per Fair use) then the image will be deleted 48 hours after 16:04, 1 January 2008 (UTC). If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Jusjih (talk) 16:04, 1 January 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jbenhill


text: Wikipedia:POTD/August 28, 2005

title: Wikipedia:POTD/August 28, 2005


text:
Johann Jacoby

Johann Jacoby (1 May 1805 – 6 March 1877) was a left-liberal German-Jewish politician.

Biography
The son of a Königsberg (now Kaliningrad) merchant, Gerson Jacoby, and his wife, Lea Jonas, Jacoby studied medicine at the Albertina University of Königsberg and in 1830 started practicing in his native city, but soon became involved in political activities in a liberal interest, which involved him in prosecutions and made him well known throughout Germany.

His first published brochures called for Emancipation of the Jews. Unlike some other contemporary writers on that subject, he vehemently held that granting equal right to Jews was not a special favor, but their natural right as human beings.

In later writings he called for reform of the medical services in Prussia, attacked the judicial system which he considered oppressive as well as the state censorship, and upheld "The Right of the Prussian People for a Constitution". These writings got him prosecuted on charges of Lèse majesté, but he was eventually acquitted.

His reputation as a man of fearless honesty was greatly enhanced during the revolutionary upheaval of 1848–1849. He was a delegate in both the Prussian National assembly and the All-German Frankfurt Parliament, and was reckoned among the conspicuous leaders of the Left in both of them.

A particular event connected with his name was when King Frederick William IV of Prussia refused to listen to the criticism made by deputies of the Prussian National assembly during an audience in 1848. Jacoby, one of the deputies (some accounts described him as leader of the delegation) had the courage to say to the King: It is the misfortune of Kings that they will not listen to the truth!, a saying which got widely published and soon made him very popular in the public.

After the Frankfurt Parliament was dissolved and its members driven out of Frankfurt, Jacoby was among the most radical members, who fled to Stuttgart and there set up a rump parliament with the aim of proclaiming a German republic – considered at the time a highly revolutionary idea. After this body was dissolved by the Württemberg military, Jacoby was prosecuted again for his membership in it, but was acquitted.

Later, Jacoby distinguished himself as an outspoken opponent of Otto von Bismarck. As a member of the Prussian Legislature he was in the radical left of the German Progress Party. In 1864 he delivered, in the presence of the King, a strong anti-Bismarck speech calling for tax refusal. For that, he was prosecuted and served six months behind bars.

Unlike other German Liberals, whose attitudes towards the "Iron Chancellor" were mollified after Bismarck's success in achieving the Unification of Germany, Jacoby remained steadfast in opposing Bismarck's warlike policies and was especially conspicuous in protesting against the annexation of Alsace-Lorraine, for which he was again imprisoned.

After the creation of the new German Empire, he joined the German Social Democratic Party. In 1874, three years before his death, he was elected on its behalf to the Reichstag but demonstratively refused to take his seat as an act of political protest.

Jacoby was also involved in internal Jewish affairs. Among other things, in 1838 he had been a member of a commission appointed by the Königsberg Jewish Community to look into reforms in public worship at the synagogue. However, his reputation is mainly as a Prussian and German political activist dealing with general German political and social issues. He died in Königsberg.

Jacoby on Direct Democracy
Jacoby's contributions to direct democracy are not well documented but several sources can be found. In general he had a positive view on direct democracy e.g. in his speeches (Gesammelten Reden und Schriften von 1872):
 * According to his view, final decisions must be made by the whole sovereign/population (Bd. 2, S. 25)
 * Citizens have a right to participate decisively in every aspect of lawmaking (Bd. 2, S. 56)
 * He wanted: selfgovernment, participation on all public affairs, generall and direct participation in lawmaking and government by the people (May, 28th 1868, Bd. 2, Sl 336–339)
 * Citizens are sovereign if the law and administration depends on the direct approval and decision (June, 17th 1868, Bd. 2, S. 340–342)
 * Self-government is not the discussion on each phrase of a law and its formulation but the right to adopt or repeal or revise a law! (Bd. 2, S. 341)

Literature in German

 * Adam, R.: "Johann Jacobys politischer Werdegang". In: Historische Zeitschrift 143, 1931.
 * Engelmann, Bernt: Die Freiheit. Das Recht. Johann Jacoby und die Anfänge unserer Demokratie. Goldmann München 1987
 * ibid., "Johann Jacoby. Ein Radikaler im öffentlichen Dienst". In: Barmer, Wilfried (Hrsg.): Literatur in der Demokratie. Für Walter Jens zum 60. Geburtstag, München 1983, S. 345–354.
 * Hamburger, Ernst: Juden im öffentlichen Leben Deutschlands. Regierungsmitglieder, Beamte und Parlamentarier in der monarchischen Zeit 1848–1918. Tübingen, 1968.
 * Helms, Hans G.: "Johann Jacoby – ein liberaler Politiker des Vormärz in der Bismarck-Ära". In: Zeitschrift für Marxistische Erneuerung. Vierteljahresschrift. Forum Marxistische Erneuerung e. V. (FFM), IMSF e. V. (Hrsg.), Heft 35, S. 97–109, 1998.
 * Matull, Wilhelm: "Johann Jacoby und Eduard von Simson. Ein Vergleich". In: Jahrbuch der Albertus-Universität zu Königsberg/Pr., von Hoffmann, Friedrich/ Selle, Götz von. Bd. 21, 1971, S. 18–35)
 * Mayer, Dr. Gustaf, "Die Anfänge des politischen Radikalismus im vormärzlichen Preußen". In: Zeitschrift für Politik (1913), Bd. 6, Berlin, S. 1–91.
 * Silberner, Edmund: Johann Jacoby. Politiker und Mensch. Bonn-Bad Godesberg: Neue Gesellschaft 1976
 * Weber, Rolf: Johann Jacoby. Eine Biographie. Köln, 1988.

title: Johann Jacoby


text:
User:Jorgempf~enwiki

Jorgempf is the user name of Jorge Florêncio. He have a degree in Informática from the University_of_Lisbon and worked in several companies in internet area and multimedia.

In the wikipedia have made some small contributions to get the taste.

pt:User:Jorgempf

title: User:Jorgempf~enwiki


text:
Perth Water

Perth Water is a section of the Swan River on the southern edge of the central business district of Perth, Western Australia. It is between the Causeway to the east, and Narrows Bridge to the west – a large wide but shallow section of river, and the northern edge of the suburb South Perth. It is considered a landmark of the City of Perth.

History
Historically it was much larger in size. The shorelines have been regularly changed.

Considerable reclamation has taken place on both sides of the river. For example, in 1879, landfill of Perth Water was used to create The Esplanade.

Narrows bridge reclamation
For the construction of the Narrows Bridge and its approaches, considerable amounts of the north west section of Perth Water were reclaimed. In the early days of the settlement of Perth the north west section between Mount Eliza and the city had been named Mounts Bay, and the road along the shore became known as Mounts Bay Road. The subsequent reclamation effectively removed what has been known as Mounts Bay.

The former river bank in that area is equivalent to the edge of Mounts Bay Road. The whole Perth Convention and Exhibition Centre lies on the river side of the former river bank.

Events
In 2006, the last race in the Red Bull Air Race World Series was the first held in Australia, and was held in Perth, with the competition being centred over Perth Water.

It has been the annual site of Australia Day fireworks, with crowds lining the lawns and open space along the foreshores. A good view for these activities has been from Kings Park due to its elevation and position looking across the Perth Water area. Post-cards, calendar images, posters and photographs from most decades of the twentieth century exist, that show the view from the Park looking across Perth Water to the city.

Uses
Since the establishment of Perth, there have been either jetties or landing and mooring facilities at the location of Barrack Square at the jetty. The long running Transperth ferry service travels between Perth and the Mends Street Jetty in South Perth. Commercial companies also use the jetties for trips to Rottnest via Fremantle, and Swan River wine and leisure cruises.

Ferry companies at the terminal have improved re-fuelling techniques to reduce the amount of oil pollution in Perth Water.

Historical photos
The West Australian newspaper produced a book for the 150th anniversary of Western Australia in 1979 that included photographs showing the degradation of the space over time.

Early maps
In the 1950–1951 Lord Mayor's report for the City of Perth an early map of Perth from 1838 was reproduced.

Indigenous names
In 1989, the Department of Aboriginal Sites published a book with a reproduction of a 1909 cancelled plan of Perth that shows place names: This body of water is also known as Derbarl Yerrigan, a name which has since been adopted for the whole of the Swan River. In the Noongar language, Derbarl refers to the estuary water and Yerrigan is "rising up".
 * Perth Water – Buneenboro
 * Mends Street Jetty – Goorgoogoo
 * Sir James Mitchell Park, South Perth foreshore – Gabudjulup
 * Riverside Drive (then shallow waters east of Government House) – Gabbee darbul
 * Point Belches (south east side of Narrows Bridge area) – Gareenup

Mounts Bay Road – Esplanade river edge
The earlier shore line of Perth Water can be identified by the line made by Mounts Bay Road, and its extension to The Esplanade.

From some earlier photographs and images made from Kings Park it is possible to ascertain the earlier river-edges, or banks, from tree lines. The photo here is of the part of the river that was filled in to accommodate the Narrows Bridge works.

Navigable channel

The main route for deep draught boats to navigate Perth Water is from the Narrows Bridge to Barrack Street Jetty, then following a channel close to the north shore parallel to Riverside Drive.

The channel was dredged from as early as 1908 to keep the South Perth to Perth ferry channel clear; such maintenance is an ongoing issue.

title: Perth Water


text:
Talk:Atil

Old talk
''"...and there is good reason to believe that the site in the Volga delta has been engulfed by the Caspian Sea." '' One would like to know what is this "good reason"... --Magabund 13:44, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

Origin For Name Atil / Itil
Some Finnish historians have come to conclusion that the Turkish-Tatar names Atil and Itil are borrowings from Old Perma (Permian) or Proto Sum-Ukri (Uhri) names for air directions Itä /Itälä (i-tä / i-tä-lä ) meaning "East" and Ete / Etelä (e-te / e-te-lä) meaning "South" and still in use in Finland. Please compare to map. From nowadays Tamunetz (south of Nizhnij Novgorod) Volga turns to the eastern direction to nowadays Kazan (Qazan) where it turns sharply to southern direction to the lands of Etel (Sumeri) whose king was legendary Etana (E-ta-na) who went to Ma-na-la or Tuo-ne-la (The Realm of Deaths) with connection with Is-tar request. Compare to ancient Kalevala myths in Finnish Mythology. Connections to Osiris and Istar myths.

Nowadays Finnish word etana = slug / snail can be connected to river in "(joki joka) etenee etanan vauhdilla etelään" = (a river which) flows at a snail´s pace to south. Indeed a good describtion to Volga. We have to remember that name describes always something parallel to nature in old Finno Ugrian languages.

If this theory is the correct one, the names dates from ancient Sumerian period which corresponds the early Finno Ugrian (Sum Ukri) peoples known history in the area. There are many names which starts Sum or are even named Sumeria / Sumerlja on the Volga Heightland west of the river, the "alkukoti" = begin homeplace (Urheimat) for Mirde = Merdi = Mordva peoples in addition to the other Finno Ugrian peoples which inhabited that vast area such like Mari-el, Ud-murt, Komi-mort and Ukri-murt.

The name koti (home) is derived from ancient Saame (Sam people) name "kota" which is nearly similar than wigam used by the ancient American Indians. In addition there lived also ancestors of Sam peoples (Saami and Nenetsi) in the area. However, latest DNA research show the connection of Sam people to Ibers (6000 BC) and Ber-Ber (9000 BC) in nowadays Maghrab countries. Some "wild" theories even suggest the connection with Tu-a-re-ki (Tuaregh) people now living in Sa-ha-ra (Sahara) = Sak-ka-ra (Sakkara) = Egypt and in sub Saharan areas.

May I point out that the origin of Finno Ugrian peoples are much older than the Indo European peoples. Compare to I-tel-men / I-tel-mes (could be directly transliterated to Itäinen mies (Eastern Man) in Kam tshatka (Kym / Kymi / Kem / Kemi / Kam / Kama = (Great) River, Tshatka (Russian) = Rapu = Crayfish ie. Peninsula of Cryfish Rivers) the transliteration in Finnish language: Rapujokien niemimaa or according to other version Lohijokien niemimaa ( The Peninsula of Lax fish.)

The same folk lores and myths exist from Eastern Finland to Uluk Khem (Ylinen Kemi) = upper course of great river. Russian Jenisei is derived from Enentsi seita (Netentsi Seita). Seita is the holy stone totemi or sacred stone formation by the Saame / Nenentsi peoples. The word Samojedi is derived from Turkic / Mongol "man eater", the describtion given to Nenentsis by Mongol (Ta-ta) tribe who were defeated in the fierce battles against these "half men, half animals" in the area of Uluk Khem (Upper Jenisei). The first defeates they suffered against their opponents on their way toward western direction.

The Mirde = Merdi = Mordva name for Volga is Rav / Rava. Rav / Rava was the fairy in Mordovian mythology of this (great) river, = lej (Erza) läj (Moksha). (Valkea / Valgia etc. in Finno Ugric = White River.) Kama is the Great River in Perma. Mongols used name Yellow River for Volga.

No other languages can provide such direct links than old Finno Ugrian languages to the ancient past.

Ai-nut (The Only Ones) and Ko-re-a (Beatifully Handsome) are can also be transliterated through Finno Ugrian languages to show some understandable meaning for these names.

Most of the scholars neglete or reject these for simple reason. The main sin in Finnish minds, the jealousy (Because I did not discover this it cannot be approved), or for foreign scholars the missing complete knowledge of Finno Ugrian languages and their various dialects.

Regards —Preceding unsigned comment added by 88.115.119.14 (talk) 08:21, 5 September 2007 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Atil


text:
Capacitance multiplier

A capacitance multiplier is designed to make a capacitor function like a much larger capacitor. This can be achieved in at least two ways.
 * An active circuit, using a device such as a transistor or operational amplifier
 * A passive circuit, using autotransformers. These are typically used for calibration standards. The General Radio / IET labs 1417 is one such example.

Capacitor multipliers make low-frequency filters and long-duration timing circuits possible that would be impractical with actual capacitors. Another application is in DC power supplies where very low ripple voltage (under load) is of paramount importance, such as in class-A amplifiers.

Transistor-based
Here the capacitance of capacitor C1 is multiplied by approximately the transistor's current gain (β).

Without Q, R2 would be the load on the capacitor. With Q in place, the loading imposed upon C1 is simply the load current reduced by a factor of (β + 1). Consequently, C1 appears multiplied by a factor of (β + 1) when viewed by the load.

Another way is to look at this circuit as an emitter follower with capacitor C1 holding voltage at base constant with load of input impedance of Q1: R2 multiplied by (1 + β), so the output current is stabilized much more against power line voltage noise.

Operational amplifier based
Here, the capacitance of capacitor C1 is multiplied by the ratio of resistances: C = C1 * R1 / R2 at the Vi node. The synthesized capacitance also brings a series resistance approximately equal to R2, and a leakage current appears across the capacitance because of the input offsets of OP. These problems can be avoided by a circuit with two op amps. In this circuit the input to OP1 can be a.c.-coupled if necessary, and the capacitance can be made variable by making the ratio of R1 to R2 variable. C = C1 * (1 + (R2 / R1)).

In the circuits described above the capacitance is grounded, but floating capacitance multipliers are possible.

A negative capacitance multiplier can be created with a negative impedance converter.

Autotransformer based
These permit the synthesis of accurate values of large capacitance (e.g., 1 F) by multiplying the capacitance of a high-precision lower value capacitor by the use of two transformers. Its function acts as a reference standard, not as a general-purpose circuit element. The resulting device is a four-terminal element and cannot be used at dc.

title: Capacitance multiplier


text:
User talk:Ladydayelle

First, the boilerplate:

Howdy, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thanks for your contribution. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page (below).
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Thanks for your contribution to Harriet Wilson. As you've probably noticed, African-American topics are sadly underrepresented on Wikipedia, despite the fine work of editors like User:Alabamaboy. If you're interested in continuing to work on these topics, I recommend checking out Wikiproject: Countering systemic bias, which acts as a gathering point for concerned folks. But most of all, have fun, and happy editing! --Dvyost 13:43, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

James Cameron (Black Holocaust Museum)
Hi! I started an article about James Cameron (Black Holocaust Museum). Actually, it is just a stub. Feel fre to expanded it. Someone had to restart the article. Thank you RFD 17:59, 3 July 2006 (UTC)

Harrison Ford
You probably have valid reasons for pruning comments out of the Harrison Ford (Silent Actor) category, but if anything resembling opinion or anecdote is cut his life looks quite barren, which is a shame for a man of considerable talent.Saxophobia 02:23, 4 October 2006 (UTC)

I'm going to let this subject drop, at least for the moment, but I get the impression that you have never encountered Harrison Ford (I) in a picture, and probably will not- which is a shame. You should see one of his pictures- I'd suggest "The Primitive Lover" in which he stars with Constance Talmadge, another unfairly forgotten star. It's the most easily available film on video for either of them. I do find it odd that on other stars and other subjects, possibly more contemporary ones, writers can gush on here expending many hundreds of words. I'm not exactly angry, just puzzled, and a bit saddened.Saxophobia 01:32, 5 October 2006 (UTC)

The Big Valley show
Was it in color format from the beginning? Dogru144 17:42, 28 January 2007 (UTC)

Thanks for your reply / Talk page
Thanks for your reply. Actually, replies, discussion go on the Talk page, with "discussion" tabe at the top of the page. The User him/herself is supposed to edit their own "user page." Thanks again for the reply. I guess we had a black and white TV for the whole time that I saw the show. I saw probably everything in the 70s on black and white, Brady Bunch and so on.Dogru144 00:05, 31 January 2007 (UTC)

Speedy deletion of Cornelius Roosevelt
A tag has been placed on Cornelius Roosevelt requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A7 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be about a person or group of people, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is notable: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, articles that do not indicate the subject's importance or significance may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable, as well as our subject-specific notability guideline for biographies.

If you think that this notice was placed here in error, you may contest the deletion by adding  to the top of the page (just below the existing speedy deletion or "db" tag), coupled with adding a note on the talk page explaining your position, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the article meets the criterion it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the article that would would render it more in conformance with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. --Michael WhiteT·C 16:36, 25 February 2008 (UTC)

AfD nomination of Cornelius Roosevelt
I have nominated Cornelius Roosevelt, an article you created, for deletion. I do not feel that this article satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and have explained why at Articles for deletion/Cornelius Roosevelt. Your opinions on the matter are welcome at that same discussion page; also, you are welcome to edit the article to address these concerns. Thank you for your time. --Michael WhiteT·C 23:41, 25 February 2008 (UTC)

Unreferenced BLPs
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 * 1) Susan Roosevelt Weld -

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Your draft article, Draft:Vera Fokina

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title: User talk:Ladydayelle


text:
Legion (album)

Legion is the second album by American death metal band Deicide. It was released by Roadrunner Records on June 9, 1992.

Background
Legion is one of Deicide's most musically ambitious releases, incorporating more technical riffing and song structures. The band considers this album to be its most difficult, and claims it is too chaotic. When the Hoffman brothers quit the band, Eric Hoffman stated that one of the main reasons was Glen Benton refusing to play longer sets and being unable to perform the technical bass guitar riffing required for Legion's material. Though the album is a favourite of fans, "Dead But Dreaming" is the only song from it to remain in the band's live set (though as recently as 2010 the band has begun playing "Trifixion" and "Holy Deception" as well). Unlike Deicide's first album, no pitch shifters or harmonizers were used on Benton's vocals. However, delay, reverb, and multi-tracking were among the studio manipulations used to achieve the vocal effects on the album.

The first track, "Satan Spawn, the Caco-Daemon", features a backward message. At about twenty seconds, a voice can be heard repeating the song's title.

Steve Asheim said of Legion, "For Legion, I was too busy worrying about how we were going to get a second album out to really think about what it meant, I was just trying to stay in the music business and stay brutal."

Reviews
A reviewer for The Metal Storm said, "in general a good album, some songs are well executed and with complex musical writing, but there are others that are just very simple and repetitive".

Vincent Jeffries of Allmusic stated, "Legion stands out as a musically complex but familiar offering from the band. Live favorite 'Trifixion' is indeed one of the better cuts from the release, but it's easier to consider this disc (and most records like it) as a whole. Deicide's compositions and performances are solid and serious throughout". He also suggested, "newer death metal fans will do well to start off their collection with Legion".

Track listing
All songs written by Deicide (Glen Benton and Steve Asheim).

Personnel

 * Glen Benton – bass; vocals
 * Eric Hoffman – guitars
 * Brian Hoffman – guitars
 * Steve Asheim – drums
 * Deicide – production
 * Scott Burns – production, mixing

title: Legion (album)


text:
File:RSATBCover.jpg

Fair use in Ringo Starr and His All-Starr Band (album)
Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because:
 * 1) It's a low resolution copy of a CD/album cover.
 * 2) It doesn't limit the copyright owner's rights to sell the CD/album in any way, in fact, it may encourage sales.
 * 3) Because of the low resolution, copies could not be used to make illegal copies of the album artwork on another CD.
 * 4) The image is itself a subject of discussion in the article or used in the infobox thereof.
 * 5) The image on the cover is significant because it was made by a famous artist.

Source

 * 1) Derived from a digital capture (scan/photo) of the album/CD cover (creator of this digital version is irrelevant as the copyright in all equivalent images is still held by the same party). Copyright held by the record company or the artist. Claimed as fair use regardless.

title: File:RSATBCover.jpg


text:
Ringo Starr and His All-Starr Band (album)

Ringo Starr and His All-Starr Band is Ringo Starr's first official live album, and the first album recorded with his All-Starr Band, recorded in 1989 during his successful comeback tour and released in 1990. It was also Starr's first release of unheard material in seven years.

Overview
After taking a hiatus from his solo career following 1983's Old Wave, Starr spent the next few years making TV appearances and guesting on other artists' recordings and gigs, as well as recording an album that would remain unissued.

In 1988, he and wife Barbara Bach accepted that they both were suffering from alcoholism and took steps to rehabilitate themselves. Once Starr was sober, he felt the need to work again. Before delving into an album, he wanted to tour, so Starr formed the All-Starr Band, which became in the following years an ever-changing live line-up of musicians that would back Starr up, in addition to singing lead vocals on one or more songs.

Booking himself on the road from July to September 1989, Starr was accompanied by Dr. John, Joe Walsh, Billy Preston, the Band's Levon Helm and Rick Danko, Nils Lofgren, Clarence Clemons, and session drummer Jim Keltner. The shows were often sold out and were well received. The performance contained here was recorded on the closing nights of the US tour at the Greek Theatre in Los Angeles.

Release
Ringo Starr and His All-Starr Band was released through EMI on 8 October 1990 (Starr's first association with his first label since 1975). In the US however, Rykodisc assumed the distribution of the album, releasing it on 12 October 1990. Failing to chart, the release would be deleted some years later.

The song "It Don't Come Easy" was released as a single from the album, backed with "The Weight" and two non-album tracks "Rocky Mountain Way" (sung by Joe Walsh) and "Act Naturally" (sung by Ringo).

A limited edition deluxe version of the album that included a bonus CD single was released only in the US.

Another song from the same performances as the album, "With a Little Help from My Friends", was released on the compilation album Nobody's Child: Romanian Angel Appeal.

Personnel
Guest musicians
 * Ringo Starr and His All-Starr Band
 * Ringo Starr – drums, vocals
 * Dr. John – piano, vocals
 * Billy Preston – keyboards, vocals
 * Rick Danko – bass guitar, vocals
 * Joe Walsh – guitars, percussion, vocals
 * Nils Lofgren – guitars, accordion, vocals
 * Levon Helm – drums, harmonica, percussion, vocals
 * Jim Keltner – drums, percussion
 * Clarence Clemons – saxophone, percussion, vocals

 * Garth Hudson – accordion
 * Zak Starkey – drums


text:
Talk:Township (England)

I would completely disagree with the statement that In England, the township has long been obsolute! It is still very much used in Lancashire (for example, see here); and in Yorkshire, to name but two counties. There may be others. The main page about townships doesn't mention Ireland either! Peter Shearan 13:51, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

 * You may notice that that is a historical gazetteer. It also lists rural districts and urban districts, which are also obselete. I've found current usage of the term in Wigan, Rochdale and Wirral, and have added this to the page.  I couldn't find any usage of the term in Yorkshire - Doncaster Borough Council do mention them on website but only in a historical concept.  Morwen - Talk 12:48, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The Metropolitan Borough of Rotherham currently uses the term (go here and search the site for "township", for example.) I intend to re-write this article, as I think it does not describe the ancient or modern uses of the term in enough detail, or even, perhaps, accurately at times.  DDStretch    (talk)  03:40, 17 March 2007 (UTC)

ship = cheap
Is this really right? My old OED gives a differnet derivation of '-ship' in lordship, and I would have thought this applied to township. Comments would be appreciated before I seek to alter this. Peterkingiron 16:06, 15 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Frankly, the last paragraph to me reads as a confusion for "towns".

 * oed.com gives (I presume) the same definition for -ship as your's:

 * 2. Added to nouns to denote the state or condition of being what is expressed by the noun...

 * 5. Added to nouns forming compounds having a collective sense. These were numerous in OE., e.g. bur{asg}scipe municipality, folcscipe nation, {asg}ieldscipe guild, {th}e{asg}nscipe body of retainers, {th}éodscipe people, wæterscipe piece of water. TOWNSHIP (OE. túnscipe the inhabitants of a tún) is the one survival from the OE. period. --Alex Craven 00:44, 7 August 2006 (UTC)

Parish line
There seems to be something wrong with the list of counties, which was brought into the article by this version. The latest edit has sought to rectify this, but probably does not help. I would have thought the last county named should be "Nottinghamshire", not "Yorkshire North" or "northern Yorkshire", but I do not have the book cited and cannot thus determine what has gone wrong. Peterkingiron (talk) 17:04, 5 September 2009 (UTC)

confusing sentence in History section
"There or elsewhere, occasionally, different parts of a parish were in different hundreds or counties." Can someone explain what "there or elsewhere, occasionally" is supposed to mean Richerman (talk) 23:24, 13 May 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Township (England)


text:
Canelos-Quichua

The Canelos-Quichua, also known as the Quichua of Pastaza, is an Indigenous people of Ecuador. They are a Lowland Quichua (Runa Shimi) people, inhabiting the province of Pastaza on the banks of the Curaray, Bonbonaza, and Pastaza rivers, in Peru and Ecuador.

title: Canelos-Quichua


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The Cambridge Arms

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was keep, no consensus. --Tony Sidaway Talk 01:07, 4 September 2005 (UTC)

The Cambridge Arms
I think I've been there - nice place, as I recall - but I can't see why this is especially notable Finbarr Saunders 13:52, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak keep - I agree that this is testing the bounds of notability, but we seem to have over a hundred articles on British pubs, and this is one with a certain history and signifigance. The article could certainly do with expansion.  How about a photo? Bovlb 14:18:39, 2005-08-26 (UTC)
 * Delete having been there many times, I can confirm that there is nothing of note about the place. Hvaing the odd refit doesn't give you much singificance. -Splash 16:22, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, seems factual and verifiable to me, no reason to delete given. Trollderella 16:47, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * One supposes that the nominator thinks it non-notable, since he says "can't see which this is especially notable". -Splash 16:51, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I suppose that he does, but notability is not part of the deletion criteria. Trollderella 16:57, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * That's true, however, when something is non-notable, it is often a good enough reason for many Wikipedians for the reasons given in WP:N. I'd also recommend taking a look at Importance and Wikipedia talk:Fame and importance. It's worth noting that in music and in vanity articles, non-notability is a sufficient reason for deletion. Wikipedia is not a free host or webspace provider and it is not an indiscriminate collection of information. --Blackcap | talk 17:12, August 28, 2005 (UTC)

 * Comment. The Eagle and Child has entry supported by it being the haunt of JRR Tolkien, have any of the said notable musicians smashed up the bar, or given and impromptu gig there? I might be biased on this one though. I think the third para about refits needs a severe pruning. Alf 16:59, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak Keep. Just on the edge of notability. Given the admirable absence of promotional info, I say be generous. Sdedeo 18:30, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Needs a clearer association with something/somebody of note per Alf. Dottore So 19:34, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, Trollderella's repeated contention that notability is not a deletion criterion is false. Zoe 21:17, August 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * So you keep saying Zoe, but the word 'notability' does not occur in the Deletion policy. I know, I know, you're going to claim that some kind of verbal tradtion handed down from father to son, or argument from inference from some other page that has nothing to do with deletion policy means that it really is. However, in making my votes, I have tried to assess the article against Wikipedia's actual deletion policy, and in making comments, have made them about what is actually deletion policy. Trollderella 21:53, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

 * While the word "notability" may not appear on the deletion policy page, its synonyms do in the criteria for speedy deletion, to which I wish articles like this were subject. If it is policy you want, let us consider WP:NOT, which states categorically that Wikipedia is not an indiscriminate collection of information. That something can verifiably be said to exist does not make it worthy of having an article here. The fire hydrant outside my home exists, and I'm sure I could find a great deal of documentation regarding it which would not constitute original research. However, its notability, except to the neighborhood dogs, is suspect. If you are really looking to participate in a project which collects knowledge like so much string and tinfoil, may I suggest Everything2, where inclusionists are welcomed (be aware, though, that even in that paradise, some articles are not accepted). Denni ☯ 00:56, 2005 August 27 (UTC)
 * I somewhat resent the fact that, every time it is pointed out that nowhere in deletion policy is 'notability' mentioned, the discussion is taken immediately to 'oh, then you must be a lunatic who wants to keep absolutely everything, no matter how stupid it is'. That's simply not true, and not a fair characterisation of my position. If there is some synonym of notability that is, in fact, in the deletion policy, then why not use that? To demolish that extremely common and frustrating strawman, again, I really suspect that there is not enough documentation on the fire hydrant outside your house to write an article that would give information about that fire hydrant that was not true of any other one, except it's location. It would have no possibility to grow beyond a sub-stub, and would be better being merged into an article on fire hydrants in general. I am not advocating maintaining a list of all fire hydrants, this is clearly one of the things that wikipedia is not. A pub is a differnt class of creature, having unique attributes that we could write an article about. Trollderella 21:04, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep. Pubs on the King Street Run are notable. If you're in Cambridge, should be avoided on a Friday night however. David | Talk 21:19, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. But like I said, I'm a bit biased on this one. I pruned the third para, severely. Alf 22:27, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Wikipedia is not a phone book. Denni ☯ 00:40, 2005 August 27 (UTC)
 * Delete I like pubs. Really, I do. And I'm inclined to think there are notable pubs out there. But a pub isn't notable just by being, anymore than the kebab van/Indian Restaurant that you visit afterwards is. Or the taxi firm that takes your wretched drunk self home is either. This one makes no real claim to notability. Sabine's Sunbird 00:46, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Doesn't seem notable in itself. Merge with The King Street Run, or else delete all of those too. Flowerparty  talk 00:59, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * It's up for VfD, too. Pilatus 16:18, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I merged it anyway. See Pages for deletion/The King Street Run. Flowerparty  talk 18:53, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Gah. It says at the bottom of the VfD not to do that, and for good reason. If there were now a consensus here to delete the page, which there could be, you'd have invalidated that vote by merging it for us, The GFDL insists we keep authorship history. Being bold is all very well, but not when it cuts out half the voters in a discussion. -Splash 20:23, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Er, oh dear, you're quite right. Sorry about that. But since they're both up for deletion it seems sensible to point out the other discussion. Flowerparty  talk 21:01, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. I know the place. It doesn't have an illustrious history, or illustrious architecture. If it served Mild I'd vote keep, sadly enough serving mild is notable these days. Pilatus 12:52, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep or merge with Pubs in Cambridge or someplace. Kappa 22:38, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete for egregious non-notability above and beyond the call of duty. Nandesuka 22:43, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-notable. *drew 00:53, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non-notable (WP:NOT an indiscriminate collection of information). --TimPope 08:00, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, doesn't seem notable on the basis of the information given in the article. Martg76 00:02, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Jooler 17:35, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User:Catatunia

Catalina Musinoi
CATALINA MUSINOI,is a Norwegian journalist working at Norway's oldest nespaper, Adresseavisen: http://www.adressa.no. Born the 21st of september 1980.

title: User:Catatunia