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Wetʼsuwetʼen

The Wetʼsuwetʼen are a First Nation who live on the Bulkley River and around Burns Lake, Broman Lake, and François Lake in the northwestern Central Interior of British Columbia.

The Wetʼsuwetʼen are a branch of the Dakelh or Carrier people, and in combination with the Babine people have been referred to as the Western Carrier. They speak Witsuwitʼen, a dialect of the Babine-Witsuwitʼen language which, like its sister language Carrier, is a member of the Athabaskan family.

Their oral history, called kungax, recounts that their ancestral village, Dizkle or Dzilke, once stood upstream from the Bulkley Canyon. This cluster of cedar houses on both sides of the river is said to have been abandoned because of an omen of impending disaster. The exact location of the village has been lost. The neighbouring Gitxsan people of the Hazelton area have a similar tale, though the village in their version is named Dimlahamid (Temlahan).

Name
The word Wetʼsuwetʼen is spelled in numerous ways. Witsuwitʼen is the correct spelling in the writing system in general use. In non-technical publications, it is usually misspelled as Witsʼuwitʼen, Witʼsuwitʼen, Wetsʼuwetʼen, or Wetʼsuwetʼen due to the difficulty of distinguishing ejective [ts] from plain [ts]. Official spellings with  are used in the names of the Wetʼsuwetʼen First Nation and the Office of the Wetʼsuwetʼen. In point of fact the [ts] is not ejective. Older spellings include Hotsotʼen and Hwotsotʼen. Whutsowhutʼen is the Carrier name in the Carrier Linguistic Committee writing system in general use for that language.

The endonym Wetʼsuwetʼen means "People of the Wa Dzun Kwuh River (Bulkley River)".

Clans
In the traditional Wetʼsuwetʼen governance system, there are five clans, which are further subdivided into 13 house groups. Each house group is led by a single house chief, and also includes several sub-chiefs (also referred to as "wing chiefs"). Hereditary chief names (both house chiefs and sub-chiefs) are usually passed on to a successor chosen by the incumbent name holder, more often than not through family lines. Clan membership is Matrilineal, passed from mother to children. In Witsuwit'en, male hereditary chiefs are referred to as dinï zeʼ, and female hereditary chiefs are referred to as tsʼakë zeʼ.

The house groups and house chiefs of each of the five clans, as well as the English names of the current house chiefs, can be found in the chart below.

* Unist'ot'en Camp Group is affiliated with the Yex T'sa Wilk'us (Dark House) under the Gilseyhu (Big Frog) Clan.

History
In 1960, the Decker Lake, François Lake (later Nee-Tahi-Buhn), Maxim Lake and Skin Tyee Bands merged to form the Omineca Band. In 1984, the Omineca Band divided into the Nee-Tahi-Buhn and Browman (or Broman) Lake Bands, the latter of which later became Wetʼsuwetʼen First Nation. In 2000, the Skin Tyee Band separated from the Nee-Tahi-Buhn Band.

Contemporary First Nation bands
The following two First Nations are members of the Carrier-Sekani Tribal Council:

 * Wetʼsuwetʼen First Nation - also known as Browman (or Broman) Lake, formerly as Browman Indian Lake Band, located outside of Burns Lake, British Columbia.
 * Ts'il Kaz Koh First Nation - also known as Burns Lake, located around Burns Lake, British Columbia.

The following four First Nations are not affiliated with any tribal council:

 * Hagwilget Village First Nation - located in the village of Hagwilget (meaning "place of the gentle or quiet people" in Gitxsan), also known as Tse-kya ("base of rock"), on the east side of the Bulkley Canyon, near Hazelton, British Columbia, about 325 kilometres inland from the coast.
 * Nee-Tahi-Buhn Band - formerly called François Lake Tribe. Nee-Tahi-Buhn is the Babine-Witsuwitʼen name for François Lake, and means "it fills at one end and empties at the other".
 * Skin Tyee First Nation - also known as the Skin Tyee Indian Band, also spelled "Skin Tayi", located near François Lake, in the Omineca Country to the west of the City of Prince George, British Columbia.
 * Witset First Nation - also known as Moricetown Band, located in Witset, British Columbia.

Office of the Wetʼsuwetʼen
The Office of the Hereditary Chiefs of the Wetʼsuwetʼen, also known as the Office of the Wetʼsuwetʼen or the OW, is a political organization governed by the hereditary chiefs of the Wetʼsuwetʼen people, based in Smithers, British Columbia. The Office takes part in the BC Treaty Process through the two Indian Act band governments (Hagwilget and Witset First Nations) which contain the 13 hereditary chieftaincies. The Office is not a tribal council, nor a traditional governing body, but rather a non-profit society, directed by a Board of Directors, with the goal of being a central office of the Wetʼsuwetʼen Nation. It was founded as an independent office in 1994, after the splitting of the Gitxsan-Wet’suwet’en Tribal Council, which had represented the two nations during Delgamuukw v British Columbia.

As of April 2020, the Board of Directors was composed of seven house chiefs (Naʼmoks, Knedebeas, Madeek, Samooh, Kloum Khun, Wah Tah Kʼeght, and Hagwilnegh).

As of 2009, the organization was at Stage 4 of the BC Treaty Process.

On May 14, 2020, the governments of Canada and British Columbia signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with the hereditary chiefs of the Wet’suwet’en, in which the Canadian and B.C. governments "recognize that Wet’suwet’en rights and title are held by Wet’suwet’en houses under their system of governance". Following concerns by leaders of the band councils, the hereditary chiefs clarified that the Office of the Wetʼsuwetʼen is not a governing body, and that the authority of the band councils under the MOU would not be diminished.

title: Wetʼsuwetʼen


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Maria Aitken

Maria Penelope Katharine Aitken (born 12 September 1945) is an English theatre director, teacher, actress, and writer.

Early life and career
Aitken was born in Dublin, Ireland, the daughter of Sir William Aitken, a Conservative MP, and the Hon. Penelope Aitken, whose father was John Maffey, 1st Baron Rugby. Her grandfather was the UK Representative to Ireland (1939–49). She is a great-niece of newspaper magnate and war-time minister Lord Beaverbrook, and sister to former Conservative cabinet minister Jonathan Aitken. She attended Riddlesworth Hall Preparatory School in Norfolk, Sherborne School for Girls in Dorset and St Anne's College, Oxford, where she graduated with a degree in English Language and Literature.

She has directed several plays in the West End and on Broadway. Her production of The 39 Steps, which ran in London for nine years, also played three years on Broadway and won Olivier and Tony Awards. In 2011, she directed Frank Langella in Man and Boy on Broadway. She is a Visiting Lecturer at Yale, NYU and Juilliard drama schools. Her extensive acting career includes leading roles at the Royal National Theatre, the Royal Shakespeare Company and in the West End. She has played more Noël Coward leads than any other actress. Her film career includes appearances in Doctor Faustus (1967), Mary, Queen of Scots (1971), Half Moon Street (1986), A Fish Called Wanda (1988) (for which she was nominated for a BAFTA award), The Fool (1990), The Grotesque (1995), Fierce Creatures (1997), Jinnah (1998) and Asylum (2005).

In 1984 she co-wrote and starred in the sitcom Poor Little Rich Girls alongside Jill Bennett.

She is the author of A Girdle Round the Earth, a story of some of the more remarkable women travellers of the last 200 years, and Style: Acting in High Comedy, published in 1996, which contends that "High comedies are not bloodless, refined, wordy plays — their themes are sex, money and social advancement. They contain a splendid contradiction: wit and elegance at the service of man's basest drives."

Personal life
Aitken is the mother of actor Jack Davenport, born during her marriage to Nigel Davenport from 1972 to 1981. She was married to Richard Durden from 1968 to 1971. Since 1991, she has been married to the novelist Patrick McGrath and they live together in New York and London. She has been a patron of the British Thyroid Foundation since 1992, and was appointed a Trustee of the Noël Coward Foundation in 2012.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Maria Aitken


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Santa Fe College Teaching Zoo

The Santa Fe College Teaching Zoo is a 10 acre zoo in Gainesville, Florida. Located on Santa Fe College's main campus, it is the only college zookeeper training facility in the United States. Since 2000, the zoo has been accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA).

Guided tours led by students in the program are available at the teaching zoo if scheduled ahead of time; visitors may also take a self-guided tours.

History
The Santa Fe College Teaching Zoo was established in 1970. It comprises 10 acre of forested land on the west side of the Santa Fe College main campus. The zoo has been accredited by the AZA since 2000 and undergoes its accreditation process every five years.

Animals

The zoo is home to over 200 individual animals representing more than 70 species, including mammals, reptiles, amphibians, insects, and birds.

List of animals

Mammals
 * Asian small-clawed otter
 * Caracal
 * Common squirrel monkey
 * Key deer
 * Lar gibbon
 * Matschie's tree-kangaroo
 * Nyala
 * Ocelot
 * Perdido Key beach mouse
 * Red ruffed lemur
 * Southern three-banded armadillo
 * White-throated capuchin

Herptiles
 * Alligator snapping turtle
 * American alligator
 * Asian forest tortoise
 * Ball python
 * Common kingsnake
 * Common musk turtle
 * Corn snake
 * Diamondback terrapin
 * Dusky pygmy rattlesnake
 * Eastern copperhead
 * Eastern diamondback rattlesnake
 * Eastern indigo snake
 * European glass lizard
 * False water cobra
 * Florida box turtle
 * Florida pine snake
 * Florida red-bellied cooter
 * Florida softshell turtle
 * Galápagos tortoise
 * Gila monster
 * Gopher tortoise
 * Green and black poison dart frog
 * Leopard gecko
 * Leopard tortoise
 * Peninsula cooter
 * Prehensile-tailed skink
 * Red-footed tortoise
 * Sinaloan milk snake
 * Tokay gecko
 * Yellow-bellied slider

Birds
 * American white ibis
 * Bald eagle
 * Barred owl
 * Black-crowned night heron
 * Blue-winged teal
 * Cattle egret
 * Cuban amazon
 * Emu
 * Fulvous whistling duck
 * Golden parakeet
 * Guam rail
 * Guinea turaco
 * Grey crowned crane
 * Grey parrot
 * Hawk-headed parrot
 * Indian peafowl
 * Laughing kookaburra
 * Northern red-billed hornbill
 * Redhead
 * Roseate spoonbill
 * Turkey vulture
 * Wood duck
 * Yellow-crowned amazon

The zoo also participates in several AZA Species Survival Plan (SSP) programs, for white-handed gibbons and Matschie's tree-kangaroo as well as for the Asian small-clawed otter, red ruffed lemur, Guam rail, Perdido Key beach mouse and ocelot.

Zoo Animal Technology Program
Students spend 5 semesters learning about animal husbandry, breeding, nutrition, medical care, physiology, taxonomic relationships, conservation, enclosure construction, proper zoo sanitation, and other topics through classwork and actual work as keepers in the zoo. Students of the Zoo Animal Technology Program are known as Zooies and there is a student chapter of the American Association of Zoo Keepers. The Zoo Animal Technology Program degree has over 200 students enrolled in the program. The two year degree program is to have a four year degree program starting in 2023.

Events
The zoo is a popular destination for both local residents and tourists. The zoo hosts several events open to the public throughout the year, including Party for the Planet (celebrating Earth Day) and "Boo at the Zoo" (BATZ) Halloween festival.

title: Santa Fe College Teaching Zoo


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Talk:Anti-Polish sentiment

Wrong citation
It is written in the article: ""acting Israeli foreign minister, Israel Katz said that Poles "collaborated with the Nazis" and "sucked anti-Semitism with their mothers' milk." ""

He did not say that. He mentioned former Israeli PM, Yizhak Shamir, whom father was murdered by Poles during the holocaust after asking for their help. It was Yitzhak Shamir who claimed they "mbibe anti-Semitism with their mother's milk", years, if not decades prior to Katz's mention. יובל מוזס (talk) 10:48, 26 June 2023 (UTC)

 * I just corrected it by adding the original statement. 23impartial (talk) 15:32, 5 November 2023 (UTC)

Extended-confirmed-protected edit request on 13 October 2023
Remove quotation mark from “occupation” in Ukraine section. Such marks imply that Poland didn’t occupy Ukraine, which is simply false. 185.117.121.117 (talk) 23:06, 13 October 2023 (UTC)

 * I've removed following a Ukrainian accusation of Polish "occupation" in the city from the end of the sentence. The supporting reference makes no mention of accusations or occupation. -- LCU ActivelyDisinterested ∆transmissions∆ °co-ords° 10:47, 17 October 2023 (UTC)

Extended-confirmed-protected edit request on 13 December 2023
There is nothing written about Netherlands. I have some info to add for a Netherlands section in Today. :

In February 2012, Geert Wilders's Freedom Party launched a "hotline" to collect complaints about Poles and other Eastern Europeans. The website caused criticism from politicians for being "anti-Polish". The Polish embassy in the Netherlands requested the Dutch government to shut down the website.

A 2015 survey showed that 49% of new Polish arrivals in the Netherlands have had to deal with discrimination. Galeeger (talk) 17:32, 13 December 2023 (UTC)

 * ✅  Delta  space 42 (talk • contribs) 16:38, 16 December 2023 (UTC)
 * "Poles and other Eastern Europeans" And what does Poland have to do with Eastern Europe? I most often encounter the country in lists of countries in Central Europe, and in various comparisons with its Central European neighbor, Germany. Dimadick (talk) 16:58, 16 December 2023 (UTC)
 * Thanks for creating a section for NL. I have another sentence that could be added, probably to the existing second sentence:
 * In a television survey conduced by broadcaster NCRV, under half of Poles in the Netherlands felt welcome, and 85% of Polish employees reported facing discrimination.
 * Author Wil Willems, who published a book about the history of Poles in the Netherlands, commented that the Polish community had become the "new" Moroccans. "Now when you say 'Pool', you say collisions, drunkenness and competing self-employed." Galeeger (talk) 01:38, 18 December 2023 (UTC)

Anti-Polish sentiment among Polish people
There should be section of anti-Polish sentiment among Polish people, especially uneducated ones, but not only. Even foreigners in Poland are more respected by Poles than Poles themselves. Eurohunter (talk) 13:07, 6 January 2024 (UTC)

'Eastern Europeans'?
I am disturbed by the fact that the terms 'Eastern Europe' and 'Eastern Europeans' (the single most offensive adjective that can be used towards Polish people) is consistently used throughout an article meant to protectively portray Polish people as victims in the events of discrimination. I think putting Polish people (constituting a very highly developed, high-income nation that is a part of the general Western culture) in the same bag as Eastern Europeans is discriminatory in its own right.

I request that this issue be addressed, so the article itself does not carry anti-Polish undertones anymore. PRiCnE (talk) 19:39, 3 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Anti-Polish sentiment


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User talk:Simion~enwiki

Hi. While your contributions are certainly welcome, they need to have far more content than just a "predicate nominative," or something that someone researching the subject already knows. One opening sentence isn't an article. Please take a moment to expand that entry on the British actress. Thanks. - Lucky 6.9 19:22, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Simion. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Simion~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 02:59, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 18:52, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Simion~enwiki


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Upper Columbia United Tribes

Upper Columbia United Tribes includes the Spokane, Coeur d'Alene, Kalispel, Colville Confederated, Lakes-Okanogan tribes in Washington, Idaho and Montana, United States.

One of the founding members was Amelia Trice, chairwoman of the Kootenai Tribal Council

Mary Verner, former Mayor of Spokane, Washington has served as executive director.

The tribes have adopted Drumheller Springs Historic Park in Spokane, Washington, a traditional campground which was the site of the first school in the Oregon Territory, established by Chief Spokane Garry in 1830."

title: Upper Columbia United Tribes


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Incidental question

Incidental questions in private international law with respect to the problems and elements discussed below. In the Roman conflict of laws, an incidental question is a legal issue that arises in connection with the major cause of action in a lawsuit. The forum court will have already decided that it has jurisdiction to hear the case (resolving any issue relating to forum shopping) and will be working through the next two stages of the conflict process, namely: characterisation and choice of law. For example, the court may classify the cause as "succession", but it notes that the plaintiff brings the claim for relief as the deceased's widow. Before the court can adjudicate on the main issue, it must first decide whether the plaintiff actually has the status claimed, i.e. the incidental question would be the validity of the claimed marriage. The inconvenient reality is that many lawsuits involve a number of interdependent legal issues. In purely domestic cases, this poses no difficulty because a judge will freely move from one domestic law to another to resolve the dispute. But in a conflict case, the question is whether the incidental question is resolved by reference either to its own choice of law rules, or to the same law that governs the main issue (the lex causae). States have not formulated a consistent answer to this question.

For an incidental question to arise, the forum court must have applied its characterisation rules to determine that:
 * the main cause of action is governed by a foreign law;
 * as a precondition to the main cause of action, there is a subsidiary question which has its own choice of law rule pointing to a different lex causae;
 * there will be a different result depending on which foreign law is applied.

Suppose that a French court hears the case of an American national who dies domiciled in California leaving movables in England. The French choice of law rule would refer the distribution of personal property to California law which has community property provisions entitling his widow to share in his estate. The marriage was in England and, as both the lex loci celebrationis and the lex situs, English law declares it valid even though it is void ab initio under California law because it is considered bigamous (see nullity): a divorce decree granted by the American courts was recognised as valid in England, but not in California. Should the widow's claim be determined by the English or California law? There are different views: One of the more interesting cases on this topic is the Canadian Supreme Court case of Schwebel v Ungar [1964] 48 DLR (2d) 644 in which a Jewish husband and wife, domiciled in Hungary, married in Hungary. While they were emigrating to Israel, they found themselves in Italy and the husband divorced his wife by get. Under the laws of Hungary (their lex domicilii) and Italy, the religious form of divorce was invalid, but it was recognised as effective by the law of Israel where they acquired a domicile of choice. Subsequently, the wife moved to Canada and, without abandoning her Israeli domicile, went through a second ceremony of marriage. The second husband petitioned for nullity alleging that the marriage was bigamous. The Supreme Court held the marriage to be valid. The main question was the wife's capacity to marry which, under Canadian law, is determined by her lex domicilii, i.e. the law of Israel at the time of the second ceremony. The incidental question was the validity of the divorce which was to be determined either by their lex domicilii at the relevant time or by Italian law as the lex loci actus. The judgment seems to suggest that the court decided both questions by reference to the law of Israel as the law governing the main question.
 * the widow's claim should be dismissed because otherwise the French conflict rule that succession to movables is governed by California law would be undermined;
 * the widow should be entitled to share in her husband's estate because otherwise the French conflict rule that the validity of the marriage is governed by English law would be undermined.

In Lawrence v Lawrence [1985] Fam 106 the English Court of Appeal was asked by the second husband to rule on the validity of another potentially bigamous marriage. The wife first married in Brazil and then divorced the husband in Nevada (this was not recognised in Brazil) and immediately married the second husband in Nevada. The two laws were the wife's lex domicilii to which English choice of law rules referred her capacity to marry (under Brazilian law she lacked capacity to marry the second husband) and the validity of the second marriage which was determined under the lex loci celebrationis. The case was decided by characterising the case as one of divorce recognition rather than capacity to marry.

The outcome suggests that the same law will be applied to both the main and the incidental questions on the understanding that the forum court is probably making a policy decision on which outcome is the more desirable – in both cases, the courts seem to have been interested in upholding the validity of the second marriage reflecting a rebuttable presumption in both jurisdictions to recognise marriages valid under their lex loci celebrationis in default of any strong policy reason to the contrary.

title: Incidental question


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List of places in Hawaii

This is a list of census-designated places in Hawaii. There are no separately incorporated cities in the entire state; Honolulu is both a city and county. There are 151 census-designated places. Population data from the 2020 Census.

title: List of places in Hawaii


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User talk:Jabbawocky Inmate

 * This message is regarding the article Xbox 360. Please stop. If you continue to vandalize pages, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia. -- < drini | ∂drini > 19:24, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jabbawocky Inmate


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Fletch (film)

Fletch is a 1985 American comedy thriller film directed by Michael Ritchie and written by Andrew Bergman. Based on Gregory Mcdonald's popular Fletch novels, the film stars Chevy Chase as the eponymous character. It co-stars Tim Matheson, Dana Wheeler-Nicholson, Geena Davis and Joe Don Baker.

The film revolves around Los Angeles Times reporter Irwin M. "Fletch" Fletcher, who is offered a large sum of money by a millionaire to kill him, claiming he has a terminal cancer prognosis and suicide would invalidate his life insurance policy. Fletch becomes suspicious when he discovers the man is not ill; when he continues to investigate, his life is threatened.

Fletch did well with critics and at the box office – it was among the top 50 grossing domestic films in its first year of release. It was followed by a 1989 sequel, Fletch Lives. Subsequent decades saw many unsuccessful attempts to restart or reboot the series; another Fletch film, Confess, Fletch starring Jon Hamm, was finally produced in 2022.

Plot
Los Angeles Times undercover reporter Irwin M. "Fletch" Fletcher (who writes as "Jane Doe") is writing an article exposing drug trafficking on the beaches of Los Angeles. While posing as an addict, he is approached by Boyd Aviation executive vice president Alan Stanwyk, who assumes Fletch is a real junkie. Stanwyk claims to have bone cancer with only months left to live, and wishes to avoid the suffering. Stanwyk offers $50,000 for Fletch to kill him at his mansion in a few days' time, stage the scene as a burglary, then flee to Rio de Janeiro.

Fletch, not completely convinced by the truth of Stanwyk's story, agrees to the plan. Along with his colleague Larry, he begins investigating Stanwyk instead of completing his drug exposé, much to the chagrin of his editor Frank Walker. Disguised as a doctor, Fletch goes to the hospital where he accesses Stanwyk's medical records and learns he does not have cancer.

Fletch visits Stanwyk's wife Gail at her tennis club. Pretending to be Alan's friend, he flirts with her. Looking into Stanwyk's finances, Fletch finds that Gail recently converted $3 million of her personal stock in Boyd Aviation into cash for her husband, to buy a ranch in Provo, Utah. Fletch travels to Provo and breaks into the realtor's office and discovers the sale price was only $3,000.

Meanwhile, Police Chief Jerry Karlin learns of Fletch's drug report. He warns Fletch that the article will jeopardize his supposed undercover operation on the beach. Karlin threatens to kill Fletch unless he agrees to drop the investigation.

At the tennis club, Fletch witnesses arrogant club member Ted Underhill shouting at a waiter, and decides as revenge to use Underhill's tab to treat Gail to an expensive lunch in her private cabana. Fletch reveals Alan's murder scheme to her and tells her the true price of the ranch. He convinces her to let him continue his investigation.

Fletch watches Stanwyk making a suspicious briefcase exchange with Chief Karlin, but is unable to deduce the nature of their meeting. When he is chased by several police officers lying in wait at his apartment, Fletch goes into hiding, returning to Provo. Posing as an insurance investigator, he interviews Stanwyk's parents, learning that Stanwyk has been married to another woman for eight years; his bigamous marriage to Gail allowed him access to her vast wealth.

Fletch arrives at Stanwyk's mansion on the night of the planned murder, but finds Stanwyk waiting to kill him instead. Fletch reveals he is a reporter, and that he has already deduced Stanwyk's real plan to fake his own death by killing Fletch (who has a similar physical build to Stanwyk's) and burning his body beyond recognition, then escaping to Brazil with his first wife and Gail's $3 million. Stanwyk was also using his private jet to smuggle drugs from South America to supply Chief Karlin, who blackmailed ex-convicts Fat Sam and Gummy to distribute it on the beaches. Karlin arrives unexpectedly; learning of Stanwyk's intention to flee with nearly $1 million of the Chief's drug money, Karlin shoots and kills Stanwyk. Karlin and Fletch then fight over the gun until Gail strikes Karlin from behind with a tennis racket, rendering him unconscious.

Karlin is indicted after the publication of Fletch's article, with testimony from Fat Sam and Gummy. Fletch begins dating Gail, taking her to Rio on Stanwyk's tickets and using Underhill's American Express Card.

Cast
The film makes numerous references to Fletch's favorite team, the Los Angeles Lakers, and includes appearances by Lakers player Kareem Abdul-Jabbar and play-by-play announcer Chick Hearn, as themselves during Fletch's dream of playing for the Lakers.

Development
Following the publication of Gregory Mcdonald's Fletch in 1974, King-Hitzig Productions acquired the novel's film rights. After multiple attempts to get cameras rolling at Columbia Pictures, production on the film stalled and the rights were eventually acquired by producer Jonathan Burrows in 1976.

After Columbia Pictures passed on the film, Burrows shopped the film around at every studio in Hollywood. Trying a new tactic, Burrows submitted the script with a different title and put it in a different colored binder. Despite these efforts, there were still no takers, including Universal Pictures, the company that would eventually produce and distribute the film. Among the studios that rejected Fletch between 1975 and 1981 were: New Line Cinema, Columbia, 20th Century-Fox, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, United Artists, Paramount, Warner Bros, American International, General Cinema, Allied Artists, Zanuck/Brown, Universal, Viacom, First Artists, Pathé, and Time Life Films. Burrows credits Michael Douglas (who much earlier was considered for the lead) for having the foresight and determination to get the film made; his half-brother Peter Douglas ultimately co-produced the film through his production company, Vincent Pictures.

When Mcdonald's Fletch books were optioned, the author retained the right to veto casting choices. He rejected both Burt Reynolds and Mick Jagger as Fletch. When the studio mentioned Chevy Chase as Fletch, Mcdonald agreed, although he had never seen Chase perform.

Throughout the early stages of development, Jeff Bridges, Charles Grodin and Barry Bostwick were among those considered to play Fletch. George Segal was at one point considered, but turned it down. Burrows also wanted Richard Dreyfuss, after Chase initially rejected the part. Years later, Chase told Burrows that he never knew about the original offer and that it was his then manager who rejected it. In a 2004 interview with Entertainment Weekly, Chase confirmed this was his favorite and most successful part.

Chase did not officially agree to take the role until after producer Alan Greisman and screenwriter Andrew Bergman got involved. Mcdonald sent Chase a telegram saying, "I am delighted to abdicate the role of Fletch to you." Bergman remembers that he wrote the screenplay very fast. "I did the first draft in four weeks ... Then there was a certain amount of improv, and something that we used to call dial-a-joke," said Bergman. Phil Alden Robinson also did some uncredited work on the script.

Mcdonald read the script and was angered by the deviations from his original text. He wrote to the studio and listed his many objections. Director Ritchie invited Mcdonald to the set of the film, and took him out to dinner where, according to Mcdonald, "Point by point, he showed me where I was wrong. I was beautifully chewed out."

Filming
Principal photography for Fletch began in May 1984. Parts of the film were shot in Salt Lake City International Airport, Provo and Orem, Utah, also Ogden, Utah, looking east from Mountain View motel across the 24th Street viaduct.

According to actor Tim Matheson, Fletch was Chase's first film performance after recovering from his drug addiction. However, the studio hired director Michael Ritchie to keep Chase focused and comfortable on set. During principal photography, Ritchie would do one take sticking close to the script and then another take allowing Chase to ad-lib.

Chase enjoyed the role, because it allowed him to play a wide variety of different characters. He said in an interview, "I love props, like wigs and buck-teeth and glasses. At one point I wear an Afro and play basketball with Kareem Abdul-Jabbar. There were some scenes where I didn't recognize myself." The comedian enjoyed working with director Ritchie, because he gave him the freedom to improvise: "It all began when [costar] Tim Matheson asked me what my name was. Right away, with a straight face: 'Ted Nugent'."

Chase recalls Ritchie as "Very intelligent. Very Tall (6'7"?) Trusting; allowing me so much freedom. Fine filmmaker!"

Post-production
"Chevy was very hot," recalled Bergman. "And the great thing was that Universal always thought Fletch was a hit movie, and they treated it like a hit, even when the first previews weren't that good. They never got frightened. They just said this is a hit, they were selling it like a hit, and then it was a hit. That was a very fun project."

The narration was added during post-production.

Soundtrack

 * 1) "Bit by Bit (Theme from Fletch)" — Stephanie Mills  3:38
 * 2) "Fletch, Get Outta Town" — Dan Hartman  4:11
 * 3) "Running for Love" — John Farnham 2:54
 * 4) "Name of the Game" — Dan Hartman  6:02
 * 5) "Fletch Theme" — Harold Faltermeyer  3:48
 * 6) "A Letter to Both Sides" — The Fixx  3:20
 * 7) "Is It Over" — Kim Wilde  3:52
 * 8) "Diggin' In" — Harold Faltermeyer  2:44
 * 9) "Exotic Skates" — Harold Faltermeyer  3:00
 * 10) "Running for Love" [instrumental] — Harold Faltermeyer 2:44

The soundtrack was mastered by Greg Fulginiti at Artisan Sound Recorders.

Box office
Fletch was released on May 31, 1985, in 1,225 theaters, debuting at second place behind Rambo: First Blood Part II with a gross of $7 million. It went on to make $50.6 million in North America and $9 million in the rest of the world, for a worldwide total of $59.6 million. The film performed well on home video, earning $24.4 million in rentals.

Critical response
On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, 79% of 33 critics' reviews are positive, with an average rating of 6.8/10. The website's critics consensus reads: "Quotably funny – and fast-paced enough to smooth over the jokes that don't land – Fletch is one of the best big-screen vehicles for Chevy Chase's brand of smug silliness." On Metacritic, it has a score of 68 out of 100, based on 11 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".

Film critic Roger Ebert gave the film two-and-a-half stars out of four. While the plot and supporting cast were praiseworthy, Ebert thought "the central performance is an anthology of Chevy Chase mannerisms in search of a character." Gene Siskel meanwhile called it his favorite film featuring Chase during a 1986 appearance on Johnny Carson, admiring the more genuine niceness of Chase's character in the film compared to Chase's others. Vincent Canby in his review for The New York Times praised Chase's performance, writing, "He manages simultaneously to act the material with a good deal of nonchalance and to float above it, as if he wanted us to know that he knows that the whole enterprise is somewhat less than transcendental." Time magazine's Richard Schickel wrote, "In Fletch, the quick, smartly paced, gags somehow read as signs of vulnerability. Incidentally, they add greatly to the movie's suspense. Every minute you expect the hero's loose lip to be turned into a fat one." In his review for the Chicago Reader, Dave Kehr wrote, "Chase and Ritchie make a strong, natural combination: the union of their two flip, sarcastic personalities produces a fairly definitive example of the comic style of the 80s, grounded in detachment, underreaction, and cool contempt for rhetorically overblown authority figures."

Neil Gaiman reviewed Fletch for Imagine magazine, stating that it is "a very enjoyable detective comedy starring Chevy Chase as an undercover reporter who gets mixed up in a murder plot. Not as good as the Greg Mcdonald book it's based on."

Home media
Fletch was originally released on DVD in 1998, but that release quickly went out of print. Universal Home Video re-released a special edition of Fletch — the "Jane Doe" Edition on May 1, 2007. The film is presented in 1.85:1 anamorphic widescreen, along with an English Dolby Digital 5.1 Surround track and includes the retrospective featurettes, "Just Charge It to the Underhills: Making and Remembering Fletch," "From John Coctoastan To Harry S. Truman: The Disguises" and "Favorite Fletch Moments." IGN felt that this version was a decent replacement for anyone who still owned the film on VHS, but for "anyone seeking more than that will be sadly disappointed by the ill-executed extras and slap-dash sound upgrade."

Additionally, the film was also the next-to-last to be released by Universal on the HD DVD format, March 11, 2008, and later released on Blu-ray disc on June 2, 2009.

Legacy
In an interview for the New York Post, Bergman tried to explain the film’s appeal: "It's so bizarre, but Fletch strikes a chord. There's a group of movies like that in the '80s, like Caddyshack, too, that captured a certain wise-ass thing." In particular, the film appeals to college students who have asked Chase to talk about it at film classes. The actor has said that the appeal of the character is "the cheekiness of the guy ... everybody at that age would like to be as quick-witted as Fletch, and as uncaring about what others think." Chase has said that this film is his favorite to date because "it allowed me to be myself. Fletch was the first one with me really winging it. Even though there was a script, the director allowed me to just go, and in many ways, I was directing the comedy." In an interview with a Fletch fansite, Mcdonald himself stated: "I watched it recently, and I think Chevy and Michael Ritchie did a good job with it."

In 2008, the film was voted the 23rd best film set in Los Angeles in the previous 25 years by a group of Los Angeles Times writers and editors, with two criteria: "The movie had to communicate some inherent truth about the L.A. experience, and only one film per director was allowed on the list."

The 2005 animated feature Hoodwinked!, a parody of the Little Red Riding Hood story, depicts the Big Bad Wolf as a sarcastic investigative reporter in a direct parody of Fletch, right up to the Lakers shirt, disguises, and a version of Fletch's theme playing during his scenes.

Sequel and reboot
The film was followed by a 1989 sequel, Fletch Lives.

A follow-up to Fletch Lives had been discussed in the 1990s at Universal Studios. During his association with Universal after the production of Mallrats (this was because Gramercy Pictures, which released Mallrats, was co-owned by Universal), Kevin Smith expressed interest in doing a third "Fletch" film as a sequel starring Chevy Chase, but it never came to fruition. In June 2000, it was announced that Kevin Smith was set to write and direct a Fletch film at Miramax Films, after the rights to the books, which Universal Studios had owned, reverted. At the time, Miramax co-head Harvey Weinstein expressed the hope that a new Fletch series would be "Miramax Films' first-ever series."

After a disagreement between Chase and Smith in regard to differing levels of priority for the sequel project, Smith settled on adapting Fletch Won, which follows Fletch in his early years as a newspaper junior reporter. Smith intended to follow the novel's plot and characters much more closely than earlier Fletch films had. Filming the prequel/origin story would have allowed Smith to make the movie without Chase, while still leaving the door open for him to appear in a cameo role in framing scenes and/or as narrator. Around this time, Smith mentioned Jason Lee and Ben Affleck as possible choices to play Fletch.

In August 2003, it was reported that the film was set to start shooting in January, with Smith still at the helm. Though Smith insisted on casting Lee in the lead role, Miramax head Harvey Weinstein refused to take a chance on Lee, citing the general inability of his films to gross more than $30 million at the box office. The role of Fletch remained uncast, with Smith considering a list of actors including Affleck, Brad Pitt, and Jimmy Fallon. Though Smith considered compromising and casting Zach Braff in the role, he eventually left the project in October 2005.

Smith was replaced as writer/director by Scrubs creator Bill Lawrence, in what would have been his directorial debut. He had enthused, "Not only can I recite the original Fletch movie line for line, I actually read all the Greg Mcdonald books as a kid. Consider me obsessed — I'm going to try as hard as I can not to screw this up." Lawrence was signed to direct both Fletch Won and a sequel. Scrubs star Zach Braff was rumored to be in talks for the lead role, and in January 2007, Braff posted on his website that "Bill Lawrence is writing and directing Fletch in the spring and he wants me to play young Fletch, but no firm plans are in place yet. He is still writing the script." In April 2007, Braff announced that he had dropped out of the film to work on his own film, a remake of Open Hearts. In June 2007, it was announced that Lawrence was off the project and had been replaced by Steve Pink.

In 2011, rights to the project were purchased by Warner Bros., who requested screenplays from several writers that turned out to be unsuitable. In 2013, David List, who represents the McDonald estate, stepped in with his own draft, which proved attractive enough to engage Jason Sudeikis in the title role. The studio signed off on the screenplay, described as more of a "gritty action comedy with heart", and has begun looking for a director. In April 2015, the purposed film moved to Relativity Studios after Warner Bros. passed on the idea. However, Relativity Media went bankrupt later that year and again in 2018.

In July 2020, it was announced that a reboot was back on at Miramax. Based on the second book in the Fletch series, Confess, Fletch, Jon Hamm spearheaded the project as both star and producer, with Greg Mottola directing and Zev Borow writing. Confess, Fletch began filming in June 2021. It was released in a limited theatrical run and on premium video on demand on September 16, 2022, followed by a Showtime premiere on October 28, 2022. The remake received positive reviews from critics, with particular praise being given to Jon Hamm's performance as Irwin "Fletch" Fletcher.

title: Fletch (film)


text:
Talk:Tomb of the Unknown Revolutionary War Soldier

Eternal
Is the flame eternal? The times I visited the park, there was no flame. Taco325i 19:26, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I think the intent is that it should be eternal, but I suppose that there may have been technical difficulties during the times you visited it.--Bovineone 07:32, 21 August 2005 (UTC)

Guards
Is their an article about the Guards of the Tomb?-- Azer Red  Si?  19:37, 7 January 2007 (UTC)
 * I'm not aware of any guards at this monument. Perhaps you are thinking of another tomb with a similar name?  The Tomb of the Unknowns has continuously posted guards. -- Bovineone 07:09, 8 January 2007 (UTC)

I visited in 1994 and have video of the Army guard pacing back and forth in front of the Tomb. I don't know if it is 24-hour, but at midday there was certainly a guard there.209.253.33.226 16:12, 21 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Are you sure that your video was in Philadelphia? The Arlington (Washington DC) memorial is more well-known for its guards. -- Bovineone 16:58, 21 June 2007 (UTC)

Article name
The name of the article is incorrect, or at least incomplete. I'm going to move the page to a more complete name. -_evrik (talk) 02:17, 12 January 2007 (UTC)


text: User talk:69.203.107.6

title: User talk:69.203.107.6


text:
Launt Thompson

Launt Thompson (February 8, 1833 – September 26, 1894) was an American sculptor.

Biography
He was born in Abbeyleix, Ireland. Due to the Great Famine occurring in Ireland at the time, he emigrated to the United States in 1847 with his widowed mother, and they settled in Albany, New York. There, he found work as a handyman.

After studying anatomy in the office of a physician, Dr. James H. Armsby, he spent nine years as the studio boy of the sculptor, E. D. Palmer. In 1858 he moved to New York City where he opened a studio. There he shared an apartment with James Pinchot. In 1862 he was elected academician at the National Academy due to his work Rocky Mountain Trapper, a marble portrait of James "Grizzly" Adams. He visited Rome in 1868–1869, and married Maria Louisa Potter (1839–1916), daughter of Alonzo Potter, Episcopal Bishop of Pennsylvania. From 1875 to 1887 he was again in Italy, living for most of the time at Florence. He died at the State Mental Asylum at Middletown, New York.

Selected works

 * Rocky Mountain Trapper (1862), unlocated.
 * Napoleon the First (1866), Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington, D.C.
 * Portrait bust of William Cullen Bryant (1867), Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City.
 * General John Sedgwick Monument (1868), United States Military Academy, West Point, New York.
 * Portrait bust of Charles Loring Elliott (1870), Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City.
 * Portrait bust of Sanford Gifford (1871), Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City.
 * Civil War Memorial (1872), Park Square, Pittsfield, Massachusetts.
 * General Winfield Scott (1873), Soldiers' Home, Washington, D.C.
 * Abraham Pierson, First President of Yale College (1874), Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut. A replica is in Clinton, Connecticut.
 * Unconsciousness (1881), Marble nude. Roswell P. Flower Memorial Library, Watertown, N.Y.
 * United States Regulars Monument (1882), Stones River National Battlefield, Murfreesboro, Tennessee.
 * Admiral Samuel Francis Du Pont (1884), Rockford Park, Wilmington, Delaware. Originally installed at DuPont Circle in Washington D.C.; moved to Wilmington, 1920.
 * Equestrian statue of Ambrose Burnside (1887), Burnside Park, Providence, Rhode Island. This was Thompson's only equestrian statue and last major work.
 * Medallion portrait of General John A. Dix.
 * Portrait bust of James Gordon Bennett.
 * Portrait bust of Samuel F. B. Morse, National Academy of Design, New York City.
 * Portrait bust of Edwin Booth as Hamlet.
 * Portrait bust of Stephen H. Tyng
 * Portrait bust of Robert B. Minturn.

title: Launt Thompson


text: User talk:83.67.28.80

title: User talk:83.67.28.80


text: User talk:82.34.197.62

title: User talk:82.34.197.62


text:
Pivot table

A pivot table is a table of values which are aggregations of groups of individual values from a more extensive table (such as from a database, spreadsheet, or business intelligence program) within one or more discrete categories. The aggregations or summaries of the groups of the individual terms might include sums, averages, counts, or other statistics. A pivot table is the outcome of the statistical processing of tabularized raw data and can be used for decision-making.

Although pivot table is a generic term, Microsoft held a trademark on the term in the United States from 1994 to 2020.

History
In their book Pivot Table Data Crunching, Bill Jelen and Mike Alexander refer to Pito Salas as the "father of pivot tables". While working on a concept for a new program that would eventually become Lotus Improv, Salas noted that spreadsheets have patterns of data. A tool that could help the user recognize these patterns would help to build advanced data models quickly. With Improv, users could define and store sets of categories, then change views by dragging category names with the mouse. This core functionality would provide the model for pivot tables.

Lotus Development released Improv in 1991 on the NeXT platform. A few months after the release of Improv, Brio Technology published a standalone Macintosh implementation, called DataPivot (with technology eventually patented in 1999). Borland purchased the DataPivot technology in 1992 and implemented it in their own spreadsheet application, Quattro Pro.

In 1993 the Microsoft Windows version of Improv appeared. Early in 1994 Microsoft Excel 5 brought a new functionality called a "PivotTable" to market. Microsoft further improved this feature in later versions of Excel:

 * Excel 97 included a new and improved PivotTable Wizard, the ability to create calculated fields, and new pivot cache objects that allow developers to write Visual Basic for Applications macros to create and modify pivot tables
 * Excel 2000 introduced "Pivot Charts" to represent pivot-table data graphically

In 2007 Oracle Corporation made  and   operators available in Oracle Database 11g.

Mechanics
For typical data entry and storage, data usually appear in flat tables, meaning that they consist of only columns and rows, as in the following portion of a sample spreadsheet showing data on shirt types:

While tables such as these can contain many data items, it can be difficult to get summarized information from them. A pivot table can help quickly summarize the data and highlight the desired information. The usage of a pivot table is extremely broad and depends on the situation. The first question to ask is, "What am I seeking?" In the example here, let us ask, "How many Units did we sell in each Region for every Ship Date?":

A pivot table usually consists of row, column and data (or fact) fields. In this case, the column is ship date, the row is region and the data we would like to see is (sum of) units. These fields allow several kinds of aggregations, including: sum, average, standard deviation, count, etc. In this case, the total number of units shipped is displayed here using a sum aggregation.

Implementation
Using the example above, the software will find all distinct values for Region. In this case, they are: North, South, East, West. Furthermore, it will find all distinct values for Ship date. Based on the aggregation type, sum, it will summarize the fact, the quantities of Unit, and display them in a multidimensional chart. In the example above, the first datum is 66. This number was obtained by finding all records where both Region was East and Ship Date was 2005-01-31, and adding the Units of that collection of records (i.e., cells E2 to E7) together to get a final result.

Pivot tables are not created automatically. For example, in Microsoft Excel one must first select the entire data in the original table and then go to the Insert tab and select "Pivot Table" (or "Pivot Chart"). The user then has the option of either inserting the pivot table into an existing sheet or creating a new sheet to house the pivot table. A pivot table field list is provided to the user which lists all the column headers present in the data. For instance, if a table represents sales data of a company, it might include Date of sale, Sales person, Item sold, Color of item, Units sold, Per unit price, and Total price. This makes the data more readily accessible.

The fields that would be created will be visible on the right hand side of the worksheet. By default, the pivot table layout design will appear below this list.

Pivot Table fields are the building blocks of pivot tables. Each of the fields from the list can be dragged on to this layout, which has four options: Some uses of pivot tables are related to the analysis of questionnaires with optional responses but some implementations of pivot tables do not allow these use cases. For example the implementation in LibreOffice Calc since 2012 is not able to process empty cells.
 * 1) Filters
 * 2) Columns
 * 3) Rows
 * 4) Values

Filters
Report filter is used to apply a filter to an entire table. For example, if the "Color of Item" field is dragged to this area, then the table constructed will have a report filter inserted above the table. This report filter will have drop-down options (Black, Red, and White in the example above). When an option is chosen from this drop-down list ("Black" in this example), then the table that would be visible will contain only the data from those rows that have the "Color of Item= Black".

Columns
Column labels are used to apply a filter to one or more columns that have to be shown in the pivot table. For instance if the "Salesperson" field is dragged to this area, then the table constructed will have values from the column "Sales Person", i.e., one will have a number of columns equal to the number of "Salesperson". There will also be one added column of Total. In the example above, this instruction will create five columns in the table — one for each salesperson, and Grand Total. There will be a filter above the data — column labels — from which one can select or deselect a particular salesperson for the pivot table.

This table will not have any numerical values as no numerical field is selected but when it is selected, the values will automatically get updated in the column of "Grand total".

Rows
Row labels are used to apply a filter to one or more rows that have to be shown in the pivot table. For instance, if the "Salesperson" field is dragged on this area then the other output table constructed will have values from the column "Salesperson", i.e., one will have a number of rows equal to the number of "Sales Person". There will also be one added row of "Grand Total". In the example above, this instruction will create five rows in the table — one for each salesperson, and Grand Total. There will be a filter above the data — row labels — from which one can select or deselect a particular salesperson for the Pivot table.

This table will not have any numerical values, as no numerical field is selected, but when it is selected, the values will automatically get updated in the Row of "Grand Total".

Values
This usually takes a field that has numerical values that can be used for different types of calculations. However, using text values would also not be wrong; instead of Sum, it will give a count. So, in the example above, if the "Units sold" field is dragged to this area along with the row label of "Salesperson", then the instruction will add a new column, "Sum of units sold", which will have values against each salesperson.

Application support
Pivot tables or pivot functionality are an integral part of many spreadsheet applications and some database software, as well as being found in other data visualization tools and business intelligence packages.

Spreadsheets

 * Microsoft Excel supports PivotTables, which can be visualized through PivotCharts.
 * Apache POI
 * LibreOffice Calc and Openoffice Calc support pivot tables. Prior to version 3.4, this feature was named "DataPilot".
 * Calligra Sheets supports pivot tables.
 * Google Sheets natively supports pivot tables.
 * Numbers, from Apple Inc., gained pivot table support in version 11.2.

Database support

 * PostgreSQL, an object–relational database management system, allows the creation of pivot tables using the tablefunc module.
 * MariaDB, a MySQL fork, allows pivot tables using the CONNECT storage engine.
 * Microsoft Access supports pivot queries under the name "crosstab" query.
 * Microsoft SQL Server supports pivot as of SQL Server 2016 with the FROM...PIVOT keywords
 * Oracle Database supports the PIVOT operation.
 * Some popular databases that do not directly support pivot functionality, such as SQLite, can usually simulate pivot functionality using embedded functions, dynamic SQL or subqueries. The issue with pivoting in such cases is usually that the number of output columns must be known at the time the query starts to execute; for pivoting this is not possible as the number of columns is based on the data itself. Therefore, the names must be hard coded or the query to be executed must itself be created dynamically (meaning, prior to each use) based upon the data.

Web applications

 * ZK, an Ajax framework, also allows the embedding of pivot tables in Web applications.

Programming languages and libraries
Programming languages and libraries suited to work with tabular data contain functions that allow the creation and manipulation of pivot tables.
 * Python data analysis toolkit pandas has the function and the   method useful to obtain sections of pivot tables.
 * R has the Tidyverse metapackage, which contains a collection of tools providing pivot table functionality, as well as the pivottabler package.

Online analytical processing
Excel pivot tables include the feature to directly query an online analytical processing (OLAP) server for retrieving data instead of getting the data from an Excel spreadsheet. On this configuration, a pivot table is a simple client of an OLAP server. Excel's PivotTable not only allows for connecting to Microsoft's Analysis Service, but to any XML for Analysis (XMLA) OLAP standard-compliant server.

title: Pivot table


text: User:Rivarez

title: User:Rivarez


text:
Princess Akiko of Mikasa

Princess Akiko of Mikasa (彬子女王) is a member of the Imperial House of Japan and the elder daughter of Prince Tomohito of Mikasa and Princess Tomohito of Mikasa (Nobuko). She is also the niece of Japan's 92nd prime minister Tarō Asō (who is the older brother of her mother), great-niece of author and literary critic Ken'ichi Yoshida, and great-granddaughter of Japan's 45th prime minister Shigeru Yoshida.

Education
Princess Akiko graduated from Gakushuin University in Tokyo with a bachelor's degree in History. While she was at Gakushuin, she spent the 2001–2002 academic year studying abroad at Merton College, Oxford to major in Japanese art history.

In 2004, she returned to the University of Oxford as a doctoral student at the Faculty of Oriental Studies. Her research topic was William Anderson Collection at the British Museum – Western Interest in Japanese Art in the Nineteenth Century. William Anderson (1842–1900) was an English surgeon who taught anatomy and surgery in Japan and became an important scholar and collector of Japanese art.

In December 2006, Princess Akiko assisted the University of Tokyo in opening a special exhibition on the 19th-century art movement known as Japonism.

In July 2007, she participated in a symposium at Ochanomizu University on the art collection of William Anderson. From January to May 2008, she was at the Clark Center for Japanese Art and Culture in Hanford, California doing research for her thesis.

Akiko became a doctoral student at Merton College in the United Kingdom from October 2004 till January 2010 when she passed her final examination. In 2011, she was awarded a D.Phil. degree from the University of Oxford, thereby becoming the second member of the Japanese imperial household to achieve a doctorate (Fumihito, Prince Akishino, was the first who earned a PhD degree in Ornithology from the Graduate University for Advanced Studies in October 1996).

Career
Princess Akiko worked as a postdoctoral fellow at the Kinugasa Research Organization, Ritsumeikan University in Kyoto from October 2009 to March 2012. She was appointed as a Special Invited Associate Professor at the Kinugasa Research Organization, Ritsumeikan University, from April 2012 to March 2013, and was also appointed as a visiting associate professor at the same organization from April 2013 to March 2014, and again as a visiting researcher in May 2014. Akiko was inaugurated as the visiting researcher at the Hosei University Research Center for International Japanese Studies in May 2012. She was inaugurated as the president of Shinyusha, General Incorporated Association in April 2013. She was appointed as a Guest Research Fellow at the Archival Research Center of Kyoto City University of Arts in April 2014 and was inaugurated as the president of the Ski Instructors Association of Japan in the same month. She is also the president of the Middle Eastern Culture Center in Japan. Princess Akiko has also worked as a guest professor at Kyoto City University of Arts. Other positions held by her include: research fellow at the Institute of Japanese Culture at Kyoto Sangyo University, visiting fellow at the Global Exchange Organisation for Research and Education (GEORE) of Gakushuin University, and special guest professor in Kokugakuin University.

Public appearances
In July 1998, Princess Akiko paid a visit to Turkey for the first time. The trip was done under the arrangement of the Middle Eastern Culture Center, an organisation associated with her grandfather. During the trip the Princess viewed the remains of Kaman-Kalehöyük alongside many other sites. Princess Akiko came of age in December 2001 and started attending official ceremonies and events in Japan with the other members of the Imperial Family.

In June 2003, Princess Akiko went on a tour of the heritage of Turkey that her father had planned.

In July 2010, she also visited "the Dedication Ceremony of the Museum of Archaeology Kaman-Kalehöyük, Japanese Institute of Anatolian Archaeology". In January 2011, she went to Austria. The main purpose of this trip was attending the 19th INTERSKI Congress held in St. Anton.

On 4 September 2013, Princess Akiko departed for Argentina to meet with members of International Olympic Committee, where members wanted to elect the host city for the 2020 Summer Olympics, with candidates being Madrid, Istanbul and Tokyo. Princess Akiko and Princess Takamado were part of the Japanese delegation, supporting Tokyo's successful Olympic bid. On 6 September, Princess Akiko toured a Japanese garden in Buenos Aires with the president of Argentina's Japanese Cultural Foundation, Kazunori Kosaka.

She also made an official visit to Chile from 7 to 12 September 2013. During her stay, Princess Akiko of Mikasa met with President Sebastián Piñera and toured Easter Island. Princess Akiko visited University of Santiago for a conference and conversation with the students of Japanese translation and linguistics. She visited Valparaíso Viña Viu Manent to learn more about Chilean wine, which is popular in Japan.

From 23 to 30 April 2014, Princess Akiko visited Turkey. On 27 April, the Princess attended the memorial concert for Prince Tomohito held by the Turkish government. Princess Akiko was named president of the Japan-Turkey Society, a post formerly held by Prince Tomohito.

In May 2016 Princess Akiko made a public appearance at the Fifth World Butoku Sai in Kyoto, Japan sponsored by the Dai Nippon Butoku Kai martial arts organization. This was notable as it was the first time in the event's 121-year history that she had attended.

In September 2018, the Princess undertook a tour of Turkey, during which she met with Turkish officials and visited archaeological sites and museums in Istanbul, Ankara, and Kırşehir. She was also appointed as the honorary president of Prince Mikasa Foundation, an institution founded in 2017 to provide support for the Japanese Institute of Anatolian Archaeology.

Prince Tomohito's death
On 6 June 2012, Prince Tomohito died from multiple organ failure. His funeral and ceremony was hosted by Princess Akiko. In June 2013 in a statement about the Prince's household, it was announced by the Imperial Household Agency that "it [had] reduced the number of households in the Imperial family by one", integrating it into the household led by his father. According to the agency's officials the household integration won't have any effect on the lives of the widow and daughters of Prince Tomohito.

Health
On 6 December 2013, Emperor Akihito and Empress Michiko returned from their visit to India. The Imperial Family gathered at Haneda Airport to greet them. At the airport, Princess Akiko suddenly collapsed. She was taken to Keio University Hospital and was diagnosed with cerebral anemia.

In 2017, she was reported to have visited Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine's hospital in Kyoto due to asthma and high fever.

At the end of July 2022, Princess Akiko was admitted to Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Hospital in Kyoto due to an asthma attack. It was discovered, however, that she had COVID-19 and her symptoms were described as muscle aches and fever.

Titles and styles

Akiko is styled as Her Imperial Highness Princess Akiko.

National honours

 * Member 2nd Class (Peony) of the Order of the Precious Crown - JPN Hokan-sho 2Class BAR.svg

Honorary degrees

 * 2018: Kokushikan University (Doctor of Letters)

Honorary positions

 * Honorary Patron of the Japan-British Society
 * President of the Japan-Turkey Society
 * Honorary Patron of Japan Rugby Football Union
 * Honorary President of the Classics Day Prize Committee
 * President of Shinyusha, General Incorporated Association
 * President of the Professional Ski Instructors Association of Japan
 * President of the Middle Eastern Culture Center in Japan
 * President of the Prince Mikasa Foundation
 * President of Ichimura Foundation for New Technology
 * Honorary Chairman of Kokka Seiwakai

title: Princess Akiko of Mikasa


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/SuSELinuxSupport

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. Redwolf24 03:10, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

SuSELinuxSupport
wikipedia is not a webhost space provider -- < drini | ∂drini > 19:32, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Copied (copyvio?) from http://suselinuxsupport.de/. - Thatdog 19:44, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - and yes, a possible copyvio. BorgQueen 22:11, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Off the Ground

Off the Ground is the ninth solo studio album by Paul McCartney, released on 1 February 1993. As his first studio album of the 1990s, it is also the follow-up to the well received Flowers in the Dirt (1989).

Recording and structure
After planning another world tour, The New World Tour, in 1993, to promote the album, McCartney chose to record Off the Ground with his touring band. Blair Cunningham joined on drums to replace Chris Whitten, who left to join Dire Straits.

McCartney decided to record the album "live in the studio", meaning that the band would rehearse an entire song then record it in one take, instead of recording each vocal track and instrumental track separately. This approach gave a raw, direct feel to the work.

The compositions, some of which were outtakes from Flowers in the Dirt, seemed less complex than those on the earlier album. "Mistress and Maid" and "The Lovers That Never Were", which emerged from McCartney's songwriting collaboration with Elvis Costello, made their appearance on this album. Costello, who had performed on Flowers in the Dirt, did not appear on Off the Ground.

The first two songs taped were "Biker like an Icon" and "Peace in the Neighbourhood", both derived from some album rehearsals in November 1991.

McCartney's increased interest in social issues came to prominence on this album, with the anti animal cruelty rocker "Looking for Changes" (McCartney and his wife Linda both being long time vegetarians by this time) and paeans for a better world ("Hope of Deliverance" and "C'Mon People"). The B-Side "Big Boys Bickering" lambasted politicians, with the phrase "Big boys bickering, fucking it up for everyone" showing a more aggressive side of McCartney and rare use of a swear word in the song. Another notable B-Side is "Long Leather Coat", a protest song co-written by Linda McCartney.

The CD's hidden track, a short excerpt of "Cosmically Conscious", was written by McCartney in 1968 during The Beatles' stay in Rishikesh. A full-length version of the recording was released as the B-Side of the "Off the Ground" single and later included on Off the Ground: The Complete Works.

The feet on the album cover are of McCartney, his wife Linda, and his touring band.

This album was the penultimate McCartney studio album to feature vocals and participation from Linda, who died of breast cancer in 1998.

Release and reception
The lead single, "Hope of Deliverance", was released on 29 December 1992, and the album followed on 1 February 1993. Off the Ground was the first Paul McCartney album to contain no sizeable US hit singles since Wings' Wild Life in 1971. The album's first single barely reached the top 20, hitting number 18, in the UK, where "C'Mon People" became a minor hit as well. In the US, the album's title track also entered the Adult Contemporary chart at number 27. Singles from Off the Ground floundered on the US and the UK charts. However, "Hope of Deliverance" achieved commercial success elsewhere. It became McCartney's first international hit single since "Say, Say, Say" with Michael Jackson in 1983, cracking the top 5 on the charts in over five European territories except his homeland and selling over 250,000 copies in Germany alone.

In the United Kingdom, the album itself debuted at number 5 and quickly fell off the chart, spending only 6 weeks inside the top 100. In the United States, it peaked at the number 17 on the Billboard 200 with the first-week sales of only 53,000 copies, managing to receive Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America. Although it met with mixed reviews from critics and suffered from lackluster sales in the UK and North America, the album fared better in other key markets such as Spain. In Japan, it surpassed its predecessor Flowers in the Dirt in cumulative sales. In Germany, Off the Ground has been McCartney's best-selling album, spending 20 weeks on the top-ten and eventually achieving Platinum for shipments of over half a million copies.

Some weeks after its release, McCartney launched "The New World Tour", taking in many successful shows across the globe during the summer months. These gigs were documented on the album Paul Is Live, which followed at the end of 1993.

Off the Ground: The Complete Works
Off the Ground: The Complete Works is a two-disc set released in Germany and the Netherlands. The first disc contains the original Off the Ground album, with the second collecting various B-sides and two previously unreleased tracks from his 1991 MTV Unplugged concert, "Things We Said Today" and "Midnight Special", which were later released as B-sides to the single "Biker Like an Icon."

Despite the title, the set is missing two B-sides, three promo remixes, one promo B-side, and one international single mix: "Deliverance" and "Deliverance (Dub Mix)", dance-oriented reworkings by Steve Anderson of the song "Hope of Deliverance", released as B-sides of the "C'mon People" CD single No. 1; the three promo remixes of "Off the Ground" released to American radio, namely the Bob Clearmountain remix, the Keith Cohen remix, and the Keith Cohen AC remix; the MTV Unplugged outtake "Mean Woman Blues", which was a B-side of the "Biker Like An Icon" promo CD single, and the single mix of "Off the Ground" contained on the EU and Japanese CD singles.

Off the Ground: The Complete Works has not been reissued and is now out of print and not legally for sale as a digital download.

Personnel

 * Paul McCartney – vocals, bass guitar, piano, mellotron, celesta, Wurlitzer electric piano, electric guitars, acoustic guitars, Spanish guitar, ocarina, percussion, sitar, drums
 * Linda McCartney – vocals, autoharp, celesta, harmonium, minimoog, keyboards, percussion, whistle
 * Hamish Stuart – vocals, electric guitar, acoustic guitar, 12 string guitar, bass guitar, percussion, piano
 * Robbie McIntosh – electric guitars, acoustic guitars, Spanish guitar, slide guitar, mandolin, backing vocals
 * Paul Wickens – keyboards, piano, hammond organ, clavinet, synthesizer, accordion, LinnDrum, drum programming, percussion, backing vocals
 * Blair Cunningham – drums, congas, percussion, backing vocals

title: Off the Ground


text:
James Mallinson

James Mallinson (1943 – 24 August 2018) was a British record producer. He was the first winner of the Grammy Award for Producer of the Year, Classical category, and won a total of 16 Grammy Awards in his career.

He won his first three Grammy awards in 1980 for the recording of Brahms's four symphonies with Sir Georg Solti leading the Chicago Symphony Orchestra (Best Classical Album and Best Classical Orchestral Recording), along with the first Classical Producer of the Year award. He won another four Grammy awards in 1982. He spent twelve years with the Decca Record Company and became a freelance classical producer in 1984. He worked with all the major record labels and with most leading classical artists. In 2000 he was closely involved in the creation of LSO Live, the London Symphony Orchestra's in house record label and has produced all their releases to date — currently 65 CDs.

By 2001, he was noted to have "won more Grammys than any other classical record producer except for Thomas Z. Shepard", with whom he was tied. His last recent venture was a record label for the Mariinsky Theatre and their music director Valery Gergiev in St Petersburg. The first projects on the Mariinsky label were released in 2009 and were nominated for the 2010 Grammys.

Mallinson also was instrumental in the launch of CSO Resound, the Chicago Symphony Orchestra's label in 2007. For the label, he produced several recordings conducted by Bernard Haitink, including a Grammy Award-winning release of Shostakovich's Fourth Symphony.

He died suddenly on 24 August 2018, following a brief illness.

title: James Mallinson


text:
User talk:Marcel1975

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
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WP:CIVIL would be a good place to start before editing on political pages. --Lord Voldemort (Dark Mark) 19:33, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Marcel1975


text:
Yes (Unix)

  is a command on Unix and Unix-like operating systems, which outputs an affirmative response, or a user-defined string of text, continuously until killed.

Overview
By itself, the  command outputs 'y' or whatever is specified as an argument, followed by a newline repeatedly until stopped by the user or otherwise killed; when piped into a command, it will continue until the pipe breaks (i.e., the program completes its execution). However, if the user enters a string after 'yes,' yes will output the string the same as it would 'y,' similar to echo.

The version of  bundled in GNU coreutils was written by David MacKenzie.

The command is available as a separate package for Microsoft Windows as part of the GnuWin32 project and the UnxUtils collection of native Win32 ports of common GNU Unix-like utilities.

Uses
can be used to send an affirmative (or negative; e.g. ) response to any command that would otherwise request one, thereby causing the command to run non-interactively.

Piping yes to a command with many user-confirmation prompts will automatically answer all of those prompts with "yes" (typing 'y' and pressing return).

The following commands

will answer the prompts for confirmation with y, effectively installing foobar with sudo apt without any prompts.

This usage may be obsolete today, as most commands that would request response from the user have either a 'force' option (e.g., ) or an 'assume-yes' option (for example, ).

As an example, the following:

is functionally equivalent to

The  command in conjunction with the head command can be used to generate large volume files for means of testing. For example, executing

results in a file consisting of 1000 lines each consisting of eight characters (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and newline).

can be used as an easy way of generating CPU load. In 2006, for example, the  command received publicity for being a means to test whether or not a user's MacBook is affected by the "Intermittent Shutdown Syndrome" bug, where a MacBook would randomly shut off without any user input. By running the  command indefinitely twice via Terminal under Mac OS X, users were able to max out their computer's CPU, and thus see if the failure was heat related.

Implementation and performance
The implementation of  on different Unix and Unix-likes was consistently implemented with a simple while-loop. The GNU Project's implementation of  was much faster than any other implementation, achieved by buffering its output, leading to more output per system call. GNU's implementation may have been different to avoid infringing on the Unix copyright. The FreeBSD Project changed their implementation in 2017 to match GNU's implementation.

title: Yes (Unix)


text:
Schottky effect

The Schottky effect or field enhanced thermionic emission is a phenomenon in condensed matter physics named after Walter H. Schottky. In electron emission devices, especially electron guns, the thermionic electron emitter will be biased negative relative to its surroundings. This creates an electric field of magnitude F at the emitter surface. Without the field, the surface barrier seen by an escaping Fermi-level electron has height W equal to the local work-function. The electric field lowers the surface barrier by an amount ΔW, and increases the emission current. It can be modeled by a simple modification of the Richardson equation, by replacing W by (W − ΔW). This gives the equation
 * $$J (F,T,W) = A_{\mathrm{G}} T^2 e^{ - (W - \Delta W) \over k T}$$
 * $$\Delta W = \sqrt{{q_e}^3 F \over 4\pi \epsilon_0},$$

where J is the emission current density, T is the temperature of the metal, W is the work function of the metal, k is the Boltzmann constant, qe is the Elementary charge, ε0 is the vacuum permittivity, and AG is the product of a universal constant A0 multiplied by a material-specific correction factor λR which is typically of order 0.5.

Electron emission that takes place in the field-and-temperature-regime where this modified equation applies is often called Schottky emission. This equation is relatively accurate for electric field strengths lower than about 108 V m−1. For electric field strengths higher than 108 V m−1, so-called Fowler–Nordheim (FN) tunneling begins to contribute significant emission current. In this regime, the combined effects of field-enhanced thermionic and field emission can be modeled by the Murphy–Good equation for thermo-field (T-F) emission. At even higher fields, FN tunneling becomes the dominant electron emission mechanism, and the emitter operates in the so-called "cold field electron emission (CFE)" regime.

Thermionic emission can also be enhanced by interaction with other forms of excitation such as light. For example, excited Cs-vapours in thermionic converters form clusters of Cs-Rydberg matter which yield a decrease of collector emitting work function from 1.5 eV to 1.0–0.7 eV. Due to long-lived nature of Rydberg matter this low work function remains low which essentially increases the low-temperature converter’s efficiency.

title: Schottky effect


text:
Talk:Last Year at Marienbad

Comment 1
I have the DVD in front of me and the film's English title is 'Last Year In Marienbad'

 * Only in the UK though, apparently. It's 'at' in US and Canada. Go figure. The Singing Badger 20:42, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I have just reverted the intro to "L'Année dernière à Marienbad (translated as Last Year in Marienbad in the UK and Last Year at Marienbad in North America)" from "Last Year at Marienbad (L'Année dernière à Marienbad, and translated to Last Year in Marienbad in the UK)".
 * It is clearer this way and the North American title has no reason to be chosen over the UK title in the intro paragraph. So rather keep the French title, which at least is the original one. olivier (talk) 19:35, 22 July 2010 (UTC)

 * The comments above were made when the article title was "Last Year at Marienbad". Here, "in" is correct and "at" is wrong. " Je suis à la Tour Eiffel" and Je suis à Paris" mean, respectively, "I am at the Eiffel Tower" and "I am in Paris". I have therefore changed the title and made consequential changes to the text. "Last Year at Marienbad" is now a redirect. See also (which I have also changed):  List_of_works_with_different_titles_in_the_United_Kingdom_and_United_States. I have changed some links in other articles from "at" to "in", but there are very many of them and I hope a bot will pick them up - although "at" could still be ok for a US context.  --Wikiain (talk) 01:49, 27 January 2011 (UTC)

This looks like original research to me. How do we know that "Last Year at Marienbad" was a mistranslation? Perhaps it was an intentional change to the title. After all, it is rather common for the same movie to be released under different names in other markets. Perhaps the distributors knew that a literal translation was "Last Year in Marienbad," but for promotional reasons felt that the movie required a slightly different title for the U.S. market. They came up with a slightly different title that, when translated, was "Last Year at Marienbad." If that is the case, then the use of "at" may well reflect an intentional change of the title and not a mistranslation. That may be the reason we continue to see the movie title with the word "at." The recent Criterion release is a contemporary example of the persistence of the "at" usage. I propose that any reference to a "mistranslation" must go beyond a translation by a Wiki editor/contributor and should be properly sourced in order to avoid the problem of original research. I suggest a return to the commonly used title of "Last Year at Marienbad" until such time as this issue can be properly resolved through the use of appropriate third-party sources. Dhalgren195 (talk) 17:33, 31 January 2011 (UTC)

 * The title is French and was not changed. "Last Year at Marienbad" is a mistranslation of it. That it is a mistranslation is an evident fact. "Last Year in Marienbad" is commonly used too. --Wikiain (talk) 19:26, 31 January 2011 (UTC)

Perhaps it is not quite as evident as you think. A previous poster referenced this article List_of_works_with_different_titles_in_the_United_Kingdom_and_United_States#Film_and_television where we learn that the "French title L'année dernière à Marienbad; "à" may be translated as "in" or "at"". Again, my concern is that we have contributors relying on their personal knowledge of French rather than referencing third-party sources. Dhalgren195 (talk) 22:26, 1 February 2011 (UTC)
 * The "previous poster" was me, so maybe I'm a repeat offender. I didn't change that article in that it counts the "in" and "at" versions as different titles - that seems to me to be correct, where the topic is the title(s) under which a film has been released anywhere.

 * But the topic here is the film whose title is "L'année dernière à Marienbad". The next question, I think, is how that title should be translated into English. The answer to that question surely does not depend on whether the film has ever been released under an English title. If it has not, then one can be the first translator. But, if it has, then one should refer to the English title(s) as historical facts. And then, if one of those is a correct translation - or, if more than one of them is arguably correct, but one of them is preferable to the others - it can be adopted as the WP translation.

 * For those reasons, I would now be inclined to rephrase the opening words thus:
 * L'Année dernière à Marienbad ("Last Year in Marienbad", released under that title in the UK but mistranslated for the USA as "Last Year at Marienbad")
 * Can we now find agreement?

 * There is a similar discussion within the article "All Quiet on the Western Front" as well as in its Talk. In this case the original German title, the military expression "Im Westen nichts Neues", was changed in translation since a literal translation, "Nothing New in the West", would have made little sense.

 * Finally: I don't see a reason to count knowledge of another modern language as needing a third-party source. As to correction, there is no originality in correcting what anybody with the requisite expertise would recognise as error. First translation is a more difficult case, but on that I would be guided by practicality. That is, if first translation had to be referenced to a third-party source there could never be a first translation in WP, even of a WP article. Then all WP articles that are translated (into English or whatever) would have to condemned. I have discussed this further in Talk:The_Brabançonne. --Wikiain (talk) 23:40, 1 February 2011 (UTC)

Found this in the Wiki guidance titled "No original research": "... Where English translations of non-English material are unavailable, editors may supply their own, subject to consensus, with the original posted alongside or in a footnote. Copyright restrictions permitting, translations published by reliable sources are preferred to those provided by Wikipedians. ..." If "at" is truly a mistranslation -- a mistranslation that dates back to 1961 and has been mistakenly repeated in various official film and video releases for the past half century -- then surely this information can be attributed to reliable sources rather than a Wikipedian. My initial review of reliable sources indicates that "Last Year at Marienbad" is a reliable translation. This is the title used in the 1962 Grove Press edition of "LAST YEAR AT MARIENBAD - text by Alain Robbe-Grillet for the film by Alain Resnais." The translator is listed as Richard Howard, who is described in a Wikipedia bio/article as "a distinguished American poet, literary critic, essayist, teacher, and translator.... He was awarded the PEN Translation Prize in 1976 for his translation of E. M. Cioran's A Short History of Decay and the American Book Award for his 1983 translation of Baudelaire's Les Fleurs du Mal. ...In 1982, Howard was named a Chevalier of L'Ordre National du Mérite by the government of France."Dhalgren195 (talk) 15:08, 2 February 2011 (UTC)

 * OK, good source. I'm not going to argue with Richard Howard, though "in" certainly isn't wrong. See also |Poetrfy Foundation. I hope you like the change I have now made.  --Wikiain (talk) 18:34, 2 February 2011 (UTC)

Perfect! Now we need to resolve the article title. I propose use of the "at" version. This appears to be the most common version, at least on my quick check of the web. I did a Google Books search for both versions. The "in" version generated 1,300 results; the "at" version generated 7,890 results. Clearly "at" is the more common usage. Dhalgren195 (talk) 19:04, 2 February 2011 (UTC)
 * I'll look at the book in a library today and see whether Howard made any comment on the options. --Wikiain (talk) 19:15, 2 February 2011 (UTC)
 * Ah, I have looked at the book and the two of us have agreement on what to do - and perhaps will also have agreement on the reasons. I don't agree that citation numbers should be decisive. At least in this case, that would probably reflect people citing what happens to be available to them rather than making choices. But I have a new and more special reason.
 * The book Last Year at Marienbad is translated by Richard Howard from Robbe-Grillet's screenplay, together with an essay by Robbe-Grillet on his collaboration with Resnais. The translator makes no comment on the translation.
 * In the screenplay, the stranger "X" tells the woman "A" that they met "last year ... in the gardens at Frederiksbad" (pp 51, 60-61). After a while she says "I tell you it's impossible. I've never even been to Frederiksbad." (p 67). X replies: "Well, then it was somewhere else, maybe ... at Karlstadt, at Marienbad, or at Baden-Salsa - or even here, in this salon. You have followed me here so that I can show you this picture." (p 67). Then A, "And where was it this time?" and X, "Where was it ... that doesn't matter." (pp 73-74). Much later, there is a photograph that might have been taken in any place, possibly Frederiksbad (p 132). The film ends with packing and travelling - after all, it takes place in a hotel. Direction: "A is sitting on the edge of a couch. She looks as if she were waiting in the dentist's office or were at a railroad station between two trains." (p 160).
 * So it seems that they might not be in Marienbad, but it is never made clear where they are. And those who recognise the settings will see that the film was shot in different places. Nor are their names ever revealed.
 * By this point, I have got to the view that "à Marienbad" may be legitimately and perhaps better rendered as "at Marienbad" in the sense in which a rail guide might advise "Descendez à Marienbad" ("Get off at Marienbad"). Perhaps this is "original research", although I am only looking at the work to which the article is devoted; but, if so, I don't have a problem with that where it informs a choice that has to be made.
 * So I'll wait a day or so to give anyone else a chance to contribute to this discussion and if there is no objection "move" the page back to "Last Year at Marienbad". Thank you for an interesting discussion. I'll think about a suggestion to the MOS. --Wikiain (talk) 03:40, 3 February 2011 (UTC)

I like it! Yes, it may be "original research" -- but interesting and valuable research. In fact, I would urge you to consider writing an essay on the subject of "at" versus "in." You could make a good case that the "in" of the UK version is actually a "misguided" translation -- technically accurate, but it ignores the context of the greater work. Thanks for sharing it. Dhalgren195 (talk) 19:11, 3 February 2011 (UTC)
 * Following this good discussion, I have "moved" the article title back to "Last Year at Marienbad". Thank you, Dhalgren. --Wikiain (talk) 19:40, 5 February 2011 (UTC)

Comment 2
I moved the following sentence here because, as written, it is impossible to tell whether it means that the film was influenced by this novel or influenced this novel, and since I have no idea, I moved the sentence here till someone who knows can correct it: "The plot has a great influence of Adolfo Bioy Casares' novel Plan de evasión." Jeremy J. Shapiro 06:08, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

The Invention of Morel
I have attempted to improve the importance of the article by adding material about "The Invention of Morel." Balance2214 21:02, 22 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Currently the material about "The Invention of Morel" has been relegated to a (fairly long) footnote. Is there a reason it can't be in the full text of the article?  Somewhere I have a copy of an English translation of "The Invention of Morel" that repeatedly refers to its influence on the film (as well as the influence of prior films on the book), so this can't be a rare, unimportant, or difficult-to-source fact. KASchmidt (talk) 01:33, 14 June 2011 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Last year marienbad.jpg
Image:Last year marienbad.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 23:45, 13 February 2008 (UTC)
 * Rationale added to image article. Johnmc (talk) 11:07, 19 February 2008 (UTC)

Critical divergence
Last Year In Marienbad is the only film to appear in lists of the top hundred *and* bottom hundred films of all time. I don't have a source for this but people might be interested.  SmokeyTheCat   •TALK•  15:43, 12 May 2008 (UTC)

 * That's not true. Cop 663 (talk) 16:25, 12 May 2008 (UTC)

 * It is cited in The Fifty Worst Films of All Time, which I feel is worth mentioning, so I mentioned it. 24.201.152.109 (talk) 01:49, 2 January 2009 (UTC)
 * I think that should be included as it is surely unusual and interesting.Vertovian (talk) 17:29, 21 November 2009 (UTC)
 * I restored the negative part of "Reception". If need be, I'll dig up my copy of the book and print specific quotes from critics showing that there was indeed some negative response to Marienbad.  Other films don't get such selective positive-only treatment, why should this one? 132.205.45.241 (talk) 14:05, 22 October 2010 (UTC)

Influences
Peter Greenaway has described it as "the only really intelligent movie that has ever existed"... (bottom of the page here: http://www.sfweekly.com/1997-06-04/film/the-text-the-film-the-director-and-his-talk/2/ ) ... perhaps worth mentioning in the article?
 * In my humble opinion, it is not an intelligent comment, so I wouldn't add it. --Wikiain (talk) 23:55, 26 January 2011 (UTC)

Marienbad was an Austrian Health Spa
Marienbad was a world famous health spa in Austria. Czechoslovakia was created by taking Austrian territory in 1919 and Marienbad became part of Czech territory. The resort was renamed to Mariánské Lázně after WW II when Czechoslovakia's 3 million Germans (Austrians) were ethnically cleansed and forced to flee to Germany or Austria. Its amazing to me that in such a long winded review of what is apparently considered a great film, it doesn't even mention where the movie is supposed to be taking place (at least I assume that is why the word Marienbad is in the title). Why is wikipedia deliberately keeping this information from the review of he film?Pgg804 (talk) 04:13, 15 December 2011 (UTC)
 * The article explains: "No filming was done in the Czech spa town of Marienbad - and the film does not allow the viewer to know with certainty which, if any, scenes are supposed to be located there." In the dialogue of the film, Marienbad is mentioned once alongside Frederiksbad, Karlstadt, and Baden-Salsa as possible locations for possible memories. More than that we don't know.  The background information about Marienbad is best found in the article on Marienbad. Lampernist (talk) 10:54, 15 December 2011 (UTC)
 * This may be bordering original research, but most of the place names given seem to point towards Bohemia aka what is mostly the Czech Republic today. There's not only Marienbad: Friedrichsbad was a spa built in 1935 in Lądek-Zdrój (prior to WWII, Czechoslovakia was still bi- or tri-lingual), and Karlstadt may be a (misheard?) reference to either Karlsbad (German name of Karlovy Vary, which is what the German subtitles to a French making-of documentary on a recent German DVD edition make out of it), or potentially Karlštejn (Beroun District) or Karlstein an der Thaya close to what is now the Czech border.

 * Baden-Salsa is a tough one, admittedly. On the one hand, it could be a pun relating to German Badesalz (German for "bath salt", as the German words for "spa" and "bath" are identical), on the other, it could be a garbled reference to Salsach (which if pronounced by a French person could very well sound just like Salsa), a district of Deutsch Goritz (which just like the aforementioned placenames was part of the cisleithanian aka "Austrian" part of Austria-Hungary up until 1918), only (accidentally?) mixed up with the similarly-named Bad Salzuflen (again, Bad is German for "spa").

 * I'd say, Bohemia also wouldn't be the worst reference for a movie like this, as the region was known for its whimsical, even surreal legends and fairy tales for centuries, an influence still found in modern literature (see Franz Kafka, for example) and film (see Karel Zeman, Jan Švankmajer, and many other Czech or Czechoslovakian directors). --37.80.58.0 (talk) 13:00, 8 September 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Last Year at Marienbad