text:
Talk:Hurricane hunters

Jets?
Out of curiosity, are all hurricane hunter aircraft propeller type planes, or are there hurricane hunter planes that use jet engines? TomStar81 08:36, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

 * The Gulfstream IV is a jet aircraft. -- Cyrius|✎ 02:37, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

Deaths?
Have any hurricane hunters ever crashed and died? Yes, When the original Navy Hurricane Hunters were assigned the weather reconnaisance mission, they lost a P2V7 Neptune aircraft in 1955 while penetrating hurricane Janet. Last report from the aircraft indicated they were beginning penetration. No further reports were received.

There is in fact no mention of Navy Hurricane Hunters (VW-4 and predecessors), and scant mention of Typhoon Trackers (VW-1), both of which played major roles in hurricane hunting for many years. (And this is coming from an Air Force guy.)--Buckboard 11:13, 21 May 2007 (UTC)

"One U.S. aircrew has been lost in duty since such missions began in 1943" is incorrect, as it doesn't include Swan_38. Or does this article only cover the two current Hurricane Hunter units? If so, that's rather confusing since the Swan 38 article includes a link to this one. 8.19.241.10 (talk) 14:55, 13 June 2017 (UTC)

Aircraft Names
The two P-3 NOAA aircraft are named Kermit the Frog and Miss Piggy the Gulfstream IV is named Gonzo after the Muppet's by Jim Henson. You can see the article and images- Wxweenie91 (talk) 01:18, 10 August 2007 (UTC)

Manned?
No mention is made in the article of whether these flights are manned or unmanned. I'd suspect they're manned. Misterdoe (talk) 16:29, 2 September 2008 (UTC)

Split
- BillCJ (talk) 10:55, 19 April 2008 (UTC)

This article covers two things at present:
 * 1) Aerial reconnaissance of tropical cyclones
 * 2) The aircraft of certain USAF squadrons and NOAA that fly into hurricanes and are known as the hurricane hunters.

Two separate concepts here so two separate articles. The one on the concept can go into the whole concept of aerial recon and its history. The one on the planes can give the details of the squadrons and their histories.--Nilfanion (talk) 02:18, 17 November 2007 (UTC)

 * But they are both two aspects of the same subject, so they should stay within the same article. You are suggesting two incomplete articles on this subject. Better stay with the status quo. The currect article answers two questions about the Hurricane Hunters.

--Blanchardb (talk) 18:47, 17 November 2007 (UTC)
 * 1) Who they are;
 * 2) What they do.
 * Two incomplete articles, which can be improved, are superior to one which cannot. I think there is actually significant benefit to an article on aerial recon disassociated from the actual aircraft in use. Basically I'm saying this article would be retained as one about the planes - and would answer your two questions; but we would have a different article to discuss the concept.--Nilfanion (talk)
 * Except that here, the situation is not, as you say, two incomplete articles, which can be improved vs one which cannot. The article can be improved.
 * Remember: one article, which states:
 * the problem; and
 * how it is dealt with.
 * I already see one possible improvement to what you intend to do once you're done. That would be to merge both articles into a single one. To me, the split is a non-starter, plain and simple. --Blanchardb (talk) 18:58, 17 November 2007 (UTC)

Name?
Should the article be singular or plural? Someone just moved it to the singular title, but I think this is a rare exception where it should be plural. It refers to the group of people on the flight, so it can't ever be just "Hurricane Hunter". And, am I the only one thinking that could get confused as a storm name? ♫ Hurricanehink ( talk ) 19:25, 4 February 2011 (UTC)
 * The lead sentence says that the topic of the article is the aircraft and not the group. I would be okay with changing that if the content specific to the type of aircraft could be split to Hurricane Hunter (or cyclone hunter?) . Marcus Qwertyus   19:31, 4 February 2011 (UTC)
 * But their website is http://www.hurricanehunters.com/, they refer to themselves as the "Hurricane Hunters". Even the lead image in the article says "Hurricane Hunters". I see no reason for a change in name. ♫ Hurricanehink ( talk ) 19:34, 4 February 2011 (UTC)
 * But this article is not about the 53d Weather Reconnaissance Squadron. It is about the aircraft. Marcus Qwertyus   21:31, 4 February 2011 (UTC)
 * WP:SINGULAR gives the following advice on when to use the plural form of the noun:
 * Article titles are generally singular in form, e.g. Horse, not Horses. Exceptions include nouns that are always in a plural form in English (e.g. scissors or trousers) and the names of classes of objects (e.g. Arabic numerals or Bantu languages).
 * Arguably, the Hurricane Hunters are a class of aircraft. Additionally, the aircraft are never referred in mass media as "Hurricane Hunter"; they are mostly called "Hurricane Hunters". As such, consideration of WP:COMMONNAME also applies. I believe the article should be located in the plural. Tito xd (?!? - cool stuff) 07:32, 10 February 2011 (UTC)
 * There doesn't seem to be any reason not to move it, only time they're referred to in the singular form is when it's possessive, "Hurricane Hunter aircraft." Cyclonebiskit (talk) 01:01, 11 February 2011 (UTC)

New Page for Swan 38
I have copied the content of this section into a new page Swan 38 so as to enable the use of an Aircraft accident Infobox and categorisation of the page. There is a Copied attribution on the talk page for Swan 38. Todowd (talk) 16:11, 19 June 2011 (UTC)
 * I hope you plan to expand it, because with the amount of content it has right now, anyone can sweep in and delete it. Normally, you need a much larger chunk of content to split off a new article, which then allows you to summarize what was in the former parent article.  Thegreatdr (talk) 18:25, 19 June 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
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Usefulness of the data
Can someone show exactly what data comes out of those missions and confirm that those are actually useful (cannot be obtained by satellites)? Or these flights are just performed for "fun"? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.99.103.102 (talk) 20:17, 2 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Satellites and surface equipment can't get even a small fraction of the data obtained by the USAF and NOAA hurricane hunter aircraft. Their flights have resulted in huge improvements in modeling and forecasting tropical storms and have been credited for saving lives in storm paths.  A brief description is here:

https://www.omao.noaa.gov/learn/aircraft-operations/about/hurricane-hunters165.225.38.125 (talk) 12:47, 4 September 2019 (UTC)

Requested move 7 November 2021

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: no consensus. (non-admin closure) Extraordinary Writ (talk) 05:55, 22 November 2021 (UTC)

Hurricane hunters → Aerial weather reconnaissance – To circumvent the plural. This page was formerly named "Hurricane Hunters" after the namesake 53rd WRS and NOAA Hurricane Hunters. In 2017 an editor correctly noted that the term is not a proper noun in the general sense and had it moved accordingly.

Hurricane hunters is ambiguous (misdirecting readers seeking the 53rd WRS page). I'm open to alternatives. "Aerial" is inclusive of weather balloons, which might make this a bit of a frankenstein article. Is "hurricane hunting" as recognizable "storm chasing?" Schierbecker (talk) 06:34, 7 November 2021 (UTC) — Relisting. Simplexity22 (talk) 12:19, 14 November 2021 (UTC) The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.
 * Oppose, seems the most recognizable name for the activity, and there are many aerial weather events besides hurricanes/cyclones. Randy Kryn (talk) 13:13, 7 November 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hurricane hunters


text:
Georgios Siantos

Georgios Siantos (nicknames: Geros "Old man", Theios "Uncle"; Γεώργιος "Γιώργης" Σιάντος; 1890 – 20 May 1947) was a prominent figure of the Communist Party of Greece (Κομμουνιστικό Κόμμα Ελλάδας) who served as acting general secretary of the party, and as a leader of the National Liberation Front (EAM)/Greek People's Liberation Army (ELAS) Resistance movement during the German occupation of Greece in World War II.

Early years
Georgios Siantos was an Aromanian. He was born in Karditsa, Thessaly in 1890; his parents were farmers. When he graduated from primary school, Siantos started working as a tobacco worker. He served in the Greek infantry as a sergeant during the Balkan Wars of 1912–1913 and World War I. By 1916 he had gone over to the liberals of Eleftherios Venizelos. Siantos also became involved in the labor movement, and, soon after his demobilization in 1920, he was elected president of the trade union of the tobacco workers in Karditsa.

Political career until World War II
In 1922, Siantos was elected Secretary General of the Greek Confederacy of Tobacco Workers, while, during the same period, he became a member of the Socialist Labour Party of Greece (SEKE, Greek: Σοσιαλιστικό Εργατικό Κόμμα Ελλάδας, Sosialistiko Ergatiko Komma Elladas), the forerunner of KKE. In 1927 Siantos became a member of the central committee of the politburo of the party. During the internal ideological struggle of 1929–1931, Siantos as a leading member of the "left faction" was called to Moscow, where he accepted the admonitions of Comintern for unity in KKE. After his return to Greece, Siantos participated in the administration of General Confederation of Greek Workers, and in 1934 he was reelected in the central committee and the politburo of the party.

In 1936 Siantos was elected as a member of the Greek Parliament, but he was arrested for Communist-related activities after the declaration of the 4th of August Regime. He was displaced in Anafi, but he managed to escape. A year later, in 1939, he was re-arrested and served time in prison in Corfu, from where he escaped in 1941.

Role during the Resistance and the Civil War
The same year Nikolaos Zachariadis, the General Secretary of KKE was transferred by the Germans to the Dachau concentration camp, and Siantos undertook the leadership of the party as acting Secretary General. During the German occupation of Greece from 1941–1944, Siantos led the Communist-dominated Greek National Liberation Army, and he also played an important role in the establishment of the Political Committee of National Liberation in 1944. The same year representatives from all political parties and resistance groups came together at a conference in Lebanon, seeking an agreement about a government of national unity. According to another agreement signed in Caserta of Italy in September 1944, all the resistance forces in Greece were placed under the command of a British officer, General Ronald Scobie. Siantos opposed the signing of both agreements, but he then was one of those who argued for their full implementation.

During the Dekevriana Siantos undertook the conduct of the military forces of EAM. After the intervention of the British forces in Greece led by Scobie in favor of the government, EAM was defeated, and Siantos faced a fierce criticism by his own comrades for his choices; even Zachariadis called him "agent of the British". In February 1945 Siantos led the delegation of KKE and EAM that negotiated the Treaty of Varkiza with the Greek government and the other political parties. He signed the Treaty but after only four months he turned the command of the party over to Zachariadis, who returned to Greece. He typically remained member of the politburo, but had no leverage on the party; the defeat of 1944 had cast a slur on his reputation within the party.

Death and legacy
Siantos died of a heart attack on 20 May 1947 in the private home of the prominent Greek communist doctor, Petros Kokkalis. In 1957 a special committee of KKE rehabilitated Siantos in the party's esteem.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Georgios Siantos


text:
Talk:Sabah Tanah Airku

This page should be deleted and content merged into Sabah. If someone feels like doing it now, go for it, it may be some time before I get around to it.--inks 08:38, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

What a crappy translation. I disagree that it should be merged. Whodhellknew 20:14, 12 November 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sabah Tanah Airku


text:
User talk:Borogove

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Alai 08:39, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
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title: User talk:Borogove


text:
Rockell

Rachel Alexandra Mercaldo (born March 4, 1977, in Staten Island, New York), better known as Rockell, is an American freestyle, hi-NRG and pop singer-songwriter, best known for her 1997 hit single, "In a Dream".

1996–2001: What Are You Lookin' At? and Instant Pleasure
In 1996, Rockell released her debut single, "I Fell In Love". In the late 1990s, she had major dance hits with the songs "In a Dream", "When I'm Gone" and "Can't We Try" (a duet with Collage and remake of the Dan Hill and Vonda Shepard 1987 hit song). All of these tracks appeared on her 1998 debut album entitled What Are You Lookin' At?. "I Fell In Love", distributed by the then BMG Canada, reached #1 on the Canadian Singles Chart while the follow-up classic inspired by DJ UpperCutz, "In a Dream" reached #6. She released a second album, Instant Pleasure, in 2000. Instant Pleasure included the single "What U Did 2 Me" which reached #101 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in 2001. She released a music video for the single. Remixes of "What U Did 2 Me" were released including the popular JP's Radio Mix.

2005–present: Return to music
In 2005, she returned with "L.O.V.E", produced by DJ Mickey Bono of the Beat Thrillerz. A limited independent release had a trance remix by Lenny "Linus" Douglas and freestyle remixes by Russ Castella and Randy Taylor-Weber, the original writer/producer of "In a Dream".

In spring 2007, Rockell recorded the single "Playin' My Love". It was released to Dance/Rhythmic format radio in July 2007. A freestyle remix by Salsation 3 was released in November 2007. A nationwide tour with several dance artists including Joe Zangie was announced as well. In November of that same year, she released a dance single with Canada's Odeon Records, "You Keep Me Hangin' On", a remake of the Supremes original.

On June 3, 2009, Rockell released the duet single "When I Want You Back" with Joe Zangie. “When I Want You Back” was previously recorded by Wendy. Neither cuts of the song charted. Later in June, she released a dance cover of Donna Summer's "On the Radio".

In 2012, Rockell signed a new management deal with BlackCole Entertainment. On December 11 of that year, she released her single "Turn Up the Heat" which had a new sound of freestyle and dance-pop from her previous works. The track contains a rap and usage of high vocals.

Chart success
"I Fell In Love" peaked at #61 on the Billboard Hot 100 in early 1997. It hit the #1 spot on the Canadian Singles Chart during that year, making it the most successful freestyle dance music single of the decade in Canada. The single also peaked at #9 on the Hot Dance Singles Sales chart in the US.

"In a Dream", the follow-up to "I Fell In Love", peaked at #72 on the Billboard Hot 100 in June, 1998. It was #6 on the Hot 100 Canadian Singles Chart and solidified Rockell's position on the artist roster of the then BMG Music Canada. It also peaked at #13 on the Hot Dance Singles Sales chart.

"Can't We Try" with Collage peaked at #59 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1998. The single also peaked at #11 on the Hot Dance Singles Sales chart.

"When I'm Gone" failed to chart on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1999, but appeared on the Hot Dance Airplay and Hot Dance Music/Club Play charts. It also peaked at #21 on the Hot Dance Singles Sales chart.

Rockell's lead single to her second album Instant Pleasure, "What U Did 2 Me", was her best-selling single. It fared well on the Hot Dance Airplay and Hot Dance Music/Club Play charts.

She also released "The Dance" (a cover of the Garth Brooks hit) and "Tears", but neither of these singles charted on the Hot 100. Both singles performed well on the Hot Dance Music/Club Play and Hot Dance Airplay charts. "The Dance" peaked at #27 and "Tears" peaked at #16 on the Hot Dance Singles Sales chart.

Cover versions

 * "Dream Boy/Dream Girl" – original by Cynthia and Johnny O
 * "Can't We Try" – original by Dan Hill and Vonda Shepard
 * "You Keep Me Hangin' On" – original by Diana Ross & The Supremes
 * "When I'm Gone" – original by Albert Hammond
 * "Show Me the Way" – original by Peter Frampton
 * "We Just Disagree" – original by Dave Mason
 * "Love Won't Let Me Wait" – original by George Kerr
 * "The Dance" – original by Garth Brooks

title: Rockell


text:
Gate Keepers 21

Gate Keepers 21 (ゲートキーパーズ21) is a six-part sequel OVA series to the Gate Keepers animated TV series and has a darker and more serious plot than its predecessor. Some of the questions left unanswered in the TV series are answered in this sequel. Linking the two series are the characters Reiji Kageyama, Yukino Houjo, and the former Far Eastern AEGIS Headquarters setting, Tategami High School.

Plot
Thirty one years have passed since the Far Eastern Branch of AEGIS and the Invaders waged war in Japan. Big businesses thrived until the eighties (when the Shōwa period ended with the death of Hirohito). The heyday of growth and prosperity have passed, the crime rate has increased, environmental problems have worsened, and the international situation has become increasingly unstable. The bright future that people hoped for is spiraling out of the reach of the common citizen. Coupled with the decline in the values and morals of the Japanese people comes the emergence of a new type of Invader. No longer an alien entity, the Invaders can now absorb ordinary humans into their ranks.

Officially disbanded and discredited, the few remaining remnants of AEGIS have formed a clandestine network of operatives to hunt down and destroy the Invaders. The premier agent of the AEGIS Network is the antisocial Ayane Isuzu who collects the crystal remains of Invader in exchange for money doled out by the mysterious Reiji Kageyama.

Characters

 * Ayane Isuzu (五十鈴 綾音)
 * An intelligent student, Ayane is ranked third-highest of her entire class at Tategami High School. Ayane's classmates consider her to be a geek and more than a little strange, not only because she is seldom seen without her computer, but also because of her introverted attitude and near-hostility to social situations. She has a strong resemblance to Saemi Ukiya but she has an attitude reminiscent of Megumi Kurogane. When Ayane battles Invaders, she prefers to use pre-programmed imitation Gates that are triggered by specially designed cellular phones. She often uses her computer to strategically time the deployment of the imitation Gates, and also uses various tracking programs to detect and home in on Invader activity. She is bitter about almost everything, as if she does not care about her surroundings, which is why she has few to no friends at all. Her past is revealed bit-by-bit in each episode, including her reason for avoiding any of the connections to her father. She and her mother were left to fend for themselves when her father, Shun Ukiya, dies battling Invaders. Because of this abandonment she resents using UP-15 and her inherited Gate of Wind. The only thing she treasures is a tiny bell, one of the few happy memories she has from her childhood, which she keeps on the lid of her laptop computer.
 * An intelligent student, Ayane is ranked third-highest of her entire class at Tategami High School. Ayane's classmates consider her to be a geek and more than a little strange, not only because she is seldom seen without her computer, but also because of her introverted attitude and near-hostility to social situations. She has a strong resemblance to Saemi Ukiya but she has an attitude reminiscent of Megumi Kurogane. When Ayane battles Invaders, she prefers to use pre-programmed imitation Gates that are triggered by specially designed cellular phones. She often uses her computer to strategically time the deployment of the imitation Gates, and also uses various tracking programs to detect and home in on Invader activity. She is bitter about almost everything, as if she does not care about her surroundings, which is why she has few to no friends at all. Her past is revealed bit-by-bit in each episode, including her reason for avoiding any of the connections to her father. She and her mother were left to fend for themselves when her father, Shun Ukiya, dies battling Invaders. Because of this abandonment she resents using UP-15 and her inherited Gate of Wind. The only thing she treasures is a tiny bell, one of the few happy memories she has from her childhood, which she keeps on the lid of her laptop computer.

 * Miu Manazuru (真鶴 美羽)
 * Miu is a cheerful, clumsy and often clueless student in Ayane's class at Tategami High. She has few wants or desires apart from spending time with her friends, going on dates, and managing the school's soccer team. Miu's Gate power manifests itself when she attempts to escape from the excessive attentions of one of her dates—and that is when Ayane discovers her as well, and reluctantly recruits her to the AEGIS cause. After being recruited by Ayane, Miu starts to hang out with her which makes her friends wonder what made her hang out with such a weird person. When Miu is in Ayane's presence, she asks if she can do anything, but Ayane either ignores her or just tells her how worthless she is. Miu, upon being asked by Ayane what she is fighting for, answers that she wants to make everyone happy and is just curious. Her close friends, Chinami and Nao, even says that she does not get mad at all.
 * Miu is a cheerful, clumsy and often clueless student in Ayane's class at Tategami High. She has few wants or desires apart from spending time with her friends, going on dates, and managing the school's soccer team. Miu's Gate power manifests itself when she attempts to escape from the excessive attentions of one of her dates—and that is when Ayane discovers her as well, and reluctantly recruits her to the AEGIS cause. After being recruited by Ayane, Miu starts to hang out with her which makes her friends wonder what made her hang out with such a weird person. When Miu is in Ayane's presence, she asks if she can do anything, but Ayane either ignores her or just tells her how worthless she is. Miu, upon being asked by Ayane what she is fighting for, answers that she wants to make everyone happy and is just curious. Her close friends, Chinami and Nao, even says that she does not get mad at all.

 * Yukino Hōjō (北条 雪乃)
 * The ageless gatekeeper who talks in Tanka poetry and wears a kimono has taken up residence in Tategami High. Along with her pet ermine, Hisame, they have been the source for the rumors of ghosts that come out at night. Tragically while her body has not aged, her powers and strength are finally waning and long ago gave up appearing in front of her old friend Saemi Ukiya. Recognizing a similar sadness in the daughter of an old friend, she helps and befriends Ayane and Miu. She even consents to be given a new Sailor Fuku to wear. The reason for her agelessness is explained in episode 5. Gate Keepers usually have sad backgrounds because their gates absorb their happiness. Reiji Kageyama even mentions that gates that are used many times can destroy a gatekeeper. In Yukino's case, she was summoning her gate constantly in times of emergency so her time was frozen because of overuse.
 * The ageless gatekeeper who talks in Tanka poetry and wears a kimono has taken up residence in Tategami High. Along with her pet ermine, Hisame, they have been the source for the rumors of ghosts that come out at night. Tragically while her body has not aged, her powers and strength are finally waning and long ago gave up appearing in front of her old friend Saemi Ukiya. Recognizing a similar sadness in the daughter of an old friend, she helps and befriends Ayane and Miu. She even consents to be given a new Sailor Fuku to wear. The reason for her agelessness is explained in episode 5. Gate Keepers usually have sad backgrounds because their gates absorb their happiness. Reiji Kageyama even mentions that gates that are used many times can destroy a gatekeeper. In Yukino's case, she was summoning her gate constantly in times of emergency so her time was frozen because of overuse.

 * Nazo/Reiji Kageyama (影山 零士)
 * A mysterious man who is often seen driving a slick blue TVR Tuscan. He gives commands to Ayane Isuzu on attacking Invaders. He pays Ayane in exchange for the Invader crystals that she collects. These human-based crystals do not disintegrate as they did in the original series. Apparently, he is an AEGIS Network authority, possibly similar to Shirei who was the commander of AEGIS Far East branch. After the events in Gate Keepers, he is able to wield both versions of his gate in combat and also as a means to gain funding through Stock Market trades. While extremely effective in combat (he easily destroys a battalion of Invader soldiers) the use of his Gate severely weakens him. Like Yukino, his excessive use of the Gate has started to affect him. In his case, instead of his time being frozen, his Gate is slowly eating his body. Some of his body parts are already artificial such as an arm and some internal organs. In episode 5, his left arm is cut off by Yuurei Shōjo (Ghost Girl) but it does not bother him because it was prosthetic. In episode 6, he warns Satoka of this problem as his own left arm is consumed by overusing his Gate Keeper powers.
 * A mysterious man who is often seen driving a slick blue TVR Tuscan. He gives commands to Ayane Isuzu on attacking Invaders. He pays Ayane in exchange for the Invader crystals that she collects. These human-based crystals do not disintegrate as they did in the original series. Apparently, he is an AEGIS Network authority, possibly similar to Shirei who was the commander of AEGIS Far East branch. After the events in Gate Keepers, he is able to wield both versions of his gate in combat and also as a means to gain funding through Stock Market trades. While extremely effective in combat (he easily destroys a battalion of Invader soldiers) the use of his Gate severely weakens him. Like Yukino, his excessive use of the Gate has started to affect him. In his case, instead of his time being frozen, his Gate is slowly eating his body. Some of his body parts are already artificial such as an arm and some internal organs. In episode 5, his left arm is cut off by Yuurei Shōjo (Ghost Girl) but it does not bother him because it was prosthetic. In episode 6, he warns Satoka of this problem as his own left arm is consumed by overusing his Gate Keeper powers.

 * Satoka Tachikawa (太刀川 里香)
 * Tachikawa's first appearance is in the third episode, where she rescues Miu and her friends when the Invaders attack a Karaoke Bar. Her combat tactics generally revolve around frontal assaults using her gate to materialize a variety of swords and knives. Summoned to the region by Reiji Kageyama, she arrives as reinforcements for the Top-Ranked hunter, Ayane Isuzu. Unlike Ayane, she does her job with zeal and seems to relish making money from her ventures. The differences in their personalities also fuels the one sided rivalry that she has with Ayane. Ayane is shown to generally ignore her and walks away even during the middle of conversations. This dismissive attitude only serves to frustrate Satoka even more.
 * Tachikawa's first appearance is in the third episode, where she rescues Miu and her friends when the Invaders attack a Karaoke Bar. Her combat tactics generally revolve around frontal assaults using her gate to materialize a variety of swords and knives. Summoned to the region by Reiji Kageyama, she arrives as reinforcements for the Top-Ranked hunter, Ayane Isuzu. Unlike Ayane, she does her job with zeal and seems to relish making money from her ventures. The differences in their personalities also fuels the one sided rivalry that she has with Ayane. Ayane is shown to generally ignore her and walks away even during the middle of conversations. This dismissive attitude only serves to frustrate Satoka even more.

Light Novel
Gate Keepers 1985 (ISBN 4-04-413105-8-C0193) tells the story of the 15 years leading up to Gate Keepers 21.

Episodes
The OVAs were periodically released from April 24, 2002 to January 8, 2003. Geneon USA licensed the series and were released on DVD. North American cable network TechTV aired the series in July 2003. In 2007, Geneon USA was dissolved which left the series (and the main Gate Keepers TV series) out of print.

Reception
Reception to Gate Keepers 21 has been mixed. Mike Toole of Anime Jump praised the show, showing "Japan's current cultural zeitgeist, where otaku rarely leave their perches on message boards and mobile phone networks, and apathy and self-centeredness are slowly breeding a newer, scarier "me" generation. This raises the question: are the "invaders" an insidious hidden enemy, as some characters believe, or simply the manifestation of abhorrent human behavior?"

Anime News Network criticized the show's theme, saying that the humor from the original Gate Keepers may have given it a good name and its dark theme just "isn't very entertaining". Helen McCarthy in 500 Essential Anime Movies commented that the anime "has a fascinating idea at its roots - the aliens feed on human selfishness."

title: Gate Keepers 21


text:
Ibn Wahshiyya

 (ابن وحشية), died c. 930, was a Nabataean (Aramaic-speaking, rural Iraqi) agriculturalist, toxicologist, and alchemist born in Qussīn, near Kufa in Iraq. He is the author of the Nabataean Agriculture, an influential Arabic work on agriculture, astrology, and magic.

Already by the end of the tenth century, various works were being falsely attributed to him. One of these spurious writings, the ("The Book of the Desire of the Maddened Lover for the Knowledge of Secret Scripts", perhaps 1022–3 CE), is notable as an early proposal that some Egyptian hieroglyphs could be read phonetically, rather than only logographically.

Name
His full name was.

Just like the semi-legendary Jabir ibn Hayyan, he carried the  despite the fact that he is not known to have engaged in or to have written anything about Sufism. The  is a variant of  ('Chaldaean'), a term referring to the native inhabitants of Mesopotamia that was also used in Greek, but (given the known -shd-/-ld- variation in Babylonian language) may perhaps be based on a living oral tradition indigenous to Iraq.

Biography
Ibn Wahshiyya was likely born in (Iraq) and died in the year 318 of the Islamic calendar (= 930-1 CE). Very little else is known about his life. Our main source of information are Ibn Wahshiyya's own writings, as well as the short entry in Ibn al-Nadim's (died c. 995), where he is explicitly said to be among the "authors whose life is not well known". Ibn Wahshiyya himself claimed to be a descendant of the Neo-Assyrian king Sennacherib ((r. 704 – 681 BCE)), whom the rural, Aramaic-speaking population of southern Iraq (known to Arabic authors of Ibn Wahshiyya's time as 'Nabataeans') revered as their illustrious ancestor. Despite the fact that these Iraqi 'Nabataeans' were generally looked down upon as lowly peasants by the contemporary Arab elite, Ibn Wahshiyya identified himself as one of them. Ibn Wahshiyya's self-identification as 'Nabataean' seems credible given the accurate use of Aramaic terms in his works.

Works
Ibn Wahshiyya's works were written down and redacted after his death by his student and scribe Abū Ṭālib al-Zayyāt. They were used not only by later agriculturalists, but also by authors of works on magic like Maslama al-Qurṭubī (died 964, author of the Ghāyat al-ḥakīm, "The Aim of the Sage", Latin: Picatrix), and by philosophers like Maimonides (1138–1204) in his Dalālat al-ḥāʾirīn ("Guide for the Perplexed", c. 1190).

Ibn al-Nadim, in his Kitāb al-Fihrist (c. 987), lists approximately twenty works attributed to Ibn Wahshiyya. However, most of these were probably not written by Ibn Wahshiyya himself, but rather by other tenth-century authors inspired by him.

The Nabataean Agriculture
Ibn Wahshiyya's major work, the Nabataean Agriculture (Kitāb al-Filāḥa al-Nabaṭiyya, c. 904), claims to have been translated from an "ancient Syriac" original, written c. 20,000 years ago by the ancient inhabitants of Mesopotamia. In Ibn Wahshiyya's time, Syriac was thought to have been the primordial language used at the time of creation. While the work may indeed have been translated from a Syriac original, in reality Syriac is a language that only emerged in the first century. By the ninth century, it had become the carrier of a rich literature, including many works translated from the Greek. The book's extolling of Babylonian civilization against that of the conquering Arabs forms part of a wider movement (the Shu'ubiyya movement) in the early Abbasid period (750-945 CE), which witnessed the emancipation of non-Arabs from their former status as second-class Muslims.

The Book of the Desire of the Maddened Lover for the Knowledge of Secret Scripts
One of the works attributed to Ibn Wahshiyya is the ("The Book of the Desire of the Maddened Lover for the Knowledge of Secret Scripts”), a work dealing amongst other things with Egyptian hieroglyphs. Its author refers to his extensive travels in Egypt, but Ibn Wahshiyya himself seems never to have visited Egypt, a country which he barely even mentions in his authentic works. For this and other reasons, scholars believe the work to be spurious. According to Jaakko Hämeen-Anttila, it may have been authored by Hasan ibn Faraj, an obscure descendant of the Harranian Sabian scholar Sinan ibn Thabit ibn Qurra (c. 880–943) who claimed to have merely copied the work in the year 413 AH, corresponding to 1022–3 CE.

The Book of Poisons
Another work attributed to Ibn Wahshiyya is a treatise on toxicology called the Book of Poisons, which combines contemporary knowledge on pharmacology with magic and astrology.

Cryptography
The works attributed to Ibn Wahshiyya contain several cipher alphabets that were used to encrypt magic formulas.

Later influence
Pseudo-Ibn Wahshiyya's ("The Book of the Desire of the Maddened Lover for the Knowledge of Secret Scripts", perhaps 1022–3 CE, see above), has been claimed by Egyptologist Okasha El-Daly to have correctly identified the phonetic value of a number of Egyptian hieroglyphs. However, other scholars have been highly sceptical about El-Daly's claims on the accuracy of these identifications, which betray a keen interest in (as well as some basic knowledge of) the nature of Egyptian hieroglyphs, but are in fact for the most part incorrect. The book may have been known to the German Jesuit scholar and polymath Athanasius Kircher (1602–1680), and was translated into English by Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall in 1806 as Ancient Alphabets and Hieroglyphic Characters Explained; with an Account of the Egyptian Priests, their Classes, Initiation, and Sacrifices in the Arabic Language by Ahmad Bin Abubekr Bin Wahishih.

title: Ibn Wahshiyya


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User talk:Arash Keshmirian

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

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Good luck!

Meelar (talk) 08:42, August 29, 2005 (UTC)

--

Thanks! Arash Keshmirian

title: User talk:Arash Keshmirian


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Rosicrucian Park

Rosicrucian Park is the headquarters of the English Grand Lodge for the Americas of the Ancient Mystical Order Rosae Crucis, located in San Jose, California.

History
The Rosicrucian Park was established in 1927 by Harvey Spencer Lewis. It grew from one single lot to a 5-acre city block. The Rosicrucian Egyptian Museum was built in 1932, the Planetarium in 1936, the research library opened in June 1939. The Akhenaton Shrine was built in 1949.

The Peace Garden was added to the park in 2004 and dedicated by Rosicrucian Imperator Christian Bernard. In 2013, a new Alchemy Museum was announced for 2020. The opening ceremony for the preliminary exhibit in the Lecture Gallery of the Rosicrucian Egyptian Museum occurred during the Summer solstice of June 2015. The new museum in the former Rose-Croix University International building will include a working alchemy laboratory. The Alchemy garden in front of the new museum is composed of four elemental gardens representing the four elements.

From 2009 to 2015, the Park reduced its water consumption by 4.5 million gallons.

Description
The park takes up nearly an entire city block and includes the Rosicrucian Egyptian Museum, the administration building for the Order, the Rosicrucian Planetarium, the Rosicrucian Peace Garden, the Rosicrucian Research Library, the Grand Temple, and a central fountain plaza and gardens. A rose garden is incorporated in the Park next to the Research Library. A dawn redwood grows outside of the Rosicrucian Research Library as a memorial to H. Spencer Lewis. It was planted in 1950 from a seedling from the lot brought from China by Dr. Ralph Chaney, and donated by an unnamed donor to H. Spencer Lewis's widow for this purpose.

The park also includes the Akhenaten Shrine (named for the 18th dynasty Pharaoh Akhenaten), which contains the ashes of AMORC founder Harvey Spencer Lewis and other former officials of the order.

With the exception of the planetarium, all buildings in Rosicrucian Park were constructed with exteriors inspired by the Ancient Egyptian architectural tradition. In tribute to their claimed Egyptian heritage, cyperus papyrus plants are also incorporated into the landscaping.

Gallery
Photographs of various buildings and statuary within the block comprising Rosicrucian Park.

title: Rosicrucian Park


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Volodymyr Korolyuk

Volodymyr Semenovych Korolyuk (Володимир Семенович Королюк, 19 August 1925 – 4 April 2020) was a Soviet and Ukrainian mathematician who made significant contributions to probability theory and its applications, academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (1976).

Korolyuk was born in Kyiv in August 1925. Between 1949 and 2005 Volodymyr Korolyuk published over 300 papers and 22 monographs. He died in Kyiv in April 2020 at the age of 94.

Awards and honors
Volodymyr Korolyuk has been awarded a number of scientific prizes.

 * Krylov Prize of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 1976
 * State Prize of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, 1978
 * Glushkov Prize of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 1988
 * Bogolyubov Prize of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 1995
 * Ostrogradsky Medal, 2002
 * State Prize of Ukraine, 2003

title: Volodymyr Korolyuk


text: Category:Refrigerants

title: Category:Refrigerants


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Barbra Amesbury

Barbra Amesbury (born 1948) is a Canadian philanthropist, singer-songwriter, composer and filmmaker, who had several Top 40 hits in Canada in the 1970s. Amesbury was the long-time partner of Canadian philanthropist Joan Chalmers until her death in 2016.

Known as Bill Amesbury during her active musical career, Amesbury came out as transgender after leaving the music business.

Music
Amesbury's biggest hit was "Virginia (Touch Me Like You Do)", which was also the first single (1974) to be released on the Casablanca Records label, reaching #14 in Canada. Written by Amesbury, the song also reached No. 59 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart and #8 on Toronto's CHUM Chart. "Rock My Roll" reached #94 in Canada later in 1974.

"Can You Feel It" was also a minor hit in 1976. The title album reached #57 in Canada. Amesbury's "Nothin' But a Fool" has been covered by Natalie Cole, and "A Thrill's a Thrill" was recorded in 1979 by Long John Baldry and covered by Mitch Ryder with Marianne Faithfull and John Cougar.

In 1976 and 1977, Amesbury produced "No Charge" by J.J. Barrie, which became a number one hit in England. In 1999, "Virginia" was given an award by SOCAN to mark 100,000 spins on Canadian radio stations.

In 2002, James Collins and Dave Pickell released the single "Do You Mind If We Talk About Bill?", which was written about Amesbury.

Filmmaking and art
In 1994, Amesbury and her partner Joan Chalmers organized an art exhibition called Survivors, In Search of a Voice: The Art of Courage, using the stories of breast cancer survivors to inspire 24 women artists to create works of art aimed at raising awareness of breast cancer. The exhibition toured throughout North America from 1995 to 1998, accompanied by a companion book. Amesbury also shot a documentary film of the tour.

In 2006 and 2007, her documentary film The G8 is Coming...The G8 is Coming was an official selection of the Rome International Film Festival, the Ashville Film Festival, the Atlanta Film Festival, the Southern Winds Film Festival, and the Dixie Film Festival.

Amesbury and Chalmers have provided support and donations to a variety of charities and organizations through their Woodlawn Arts Foundation.

Discography

 * Jus' a Taste of the Kid (1974 – album)
 * Can You Feel It (1976 – album)
 * "You Belong to Me", b/w "Harlow" (1977 – single, unavailable on any commercially released album)
 * "Virginia (Touch Me Like You Do" (1974 – single)
 * "Can You Feel It" (1976 – single)
 * "Nothin' But a Fool" – composer
 * "No Charge" – producer
 * "A Thrill's a Thrill" – composer

title: Barbra Amesbury


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Colorado (game)

Colorado is a solitaire card game which is played using two decks of playing cards. It is a game of card building which belongs to the same family as games like Sir Tommy, Strategy, and Calculation. It is considered an easy game with 80% odds of being completed successfully.

Rules
First, twenty cards are dealt in any arrangement the player desires; it is suggested that cards should be two rows of ten cards each.

Then the player searches for an Ace and a King of each suit. These cards should go to the foundations whenever they become available for play. The foundations that start with the Aces are built up by suit, while those that start with Kings are built down by suit. The spaces that they left behind are immediately filled with cards from the stock.

The stock is then dealt one card at a time, and any card that cannot be built yet to the foundations is placed on one of the 20 cards which are in fact bases for waste piles. When placing cards onto a wastepile, they do not have to follow suit or rank. However, there is no building; when a card is placed on a waste pile, the only place it would go is to a foundation.

After each deal, the player will determine if any of the cards on the waste piles can be built onto the foundations.

Again, whenever a waste pile becomes empty, no matter how many cards it previously had, it is filled with a card from the wastepile. This is the only way an empty pile is refilled because when the stock runs out, spaces are no longer filled.

The game ends soon after the stock has run out. The game is won when all cards are built into the foundations; but when there are still cards that are stuck and cannot be possibly released, the game is lost.

Arranging reserves in up and down orders is key to good play.

Variations
Closely related to Colorado are other two-deck games like Sly Fox, Twenty, Grandfather's Patience, and Grandmother's Patience. All of these have a tableau of 20 cards and are in the Sir Tommy family.

title: Colorado (game)


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Lockjaw (character)

Lockjaw is a character in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby, the character first appeared in Fantastic Four #45 (December 1965). He is an Inhuman giant bulldog whose abilities include teleportation. He serves the Inhuman Royal Family as their escort and a loyal protector.

Lockjaw has been described as one of Marvel's most notable and powerful animal heroes.

Lockjaw made his live-action debut in the 2017 Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) television series Inhumans.

Publication history
He first appeared in Fantastic Four #45 (December 1965), and was created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby.

Fictional character biography
Lockjaw was born on the island of Attilan (formerly in the Atlantic Ocean and eventually moved to the Moon). Many times he has brought Inhumans to Earth and back again. At times, his powers have been manipulated by evil forces, most usually by Maximus the Mad. Lockjaw and the Royal Family encountered Maximus' creation, the Trikon, and were driven from Attilan's Great Refuge in exile.

Lockjaw first appeared as a member of the Inhumans when they attempted to retrieve Medusa from the outside world and take her back to Attilan. This led them into conflict with the Fantastic Four, the first humans they met, who were harboring Medusa after rescuing her from the villainous Frightful Four. Accordingly, Lockjaw is indirectly responsible for revealing the existence of Attilan to the outside world. They returned to Attilan and became trapped in Maximus' "negative zone" barrier around the Great Refuge.

Lockjaw is able to escape and becomes separated from his city. He roams the country for some time, accidentally terrorizing the local citizens, until he meets up with Johnny Storm and Wyatt Wingfoot. He journeyed with the pair in their attempt to breach the "negative zone" barrier. Before long, the Inhumans were freed from the "negative zone" barrier, and Lockjaw transported Crystal to New York, and brought Triton from Attilan to rescue Mister Fantastic. Lockjaw was later compelled to return Crystal to Attilan by Maximus.

With Crystal, Lockjaw was captured by Diablo. They later rescued the injured Quicksilver. Before long, Lockjaw attended the wedding of Quicksilver and Crystal. He also brought the Fantastic Four to Attilan to battle Thraxton.

At one point, Quicksilver and Thing witnessed what appeared to be Lockjaw, apparently a sentient being once mutated by Terrigen Mists, speaking to them. This convinces Quicksilver not to expose his daughter Luna to the Mists. However, Lockjaw later brought Quicksilver to Washington, D.C., in search of X-Factor, and Quicksilver there stated that Lockjaw's sentience was actually a hoax perpetrated on the Thing by Karnak and Gorgon.

Lockjaw brought the other Inhumans to Earth in search of Medusa when she fled Attilan to avoid a compulsory abortion. He also transported the injured Triton back to Attilan. With Crystal, he later summoned the Avengers to help battle Thane Ector and the Brethren. With the Avengers, he battled the Brethren.

As noted in Ka-Zar #12, Lockjaw also travels to the Heroes Reborn universe with his Inhuman family. This visit lasts for about a year; all are returned successfully.

Lockjaw is featured into the 2006 limited series Son of M. With the majority of the mutants on Earth having been rendered powerless, Quicksilver decides to steal the Inhumans mutagenic Terrigen Mists and re-power willing mutants. Lockjaw is convinced to help him on the mission. Traveling with Quicksilver's daughter Luna, they traverse the Earth, heading to such places as Genosha. The other Inhumans follow.

Later, Lockjaw rejoins Black Bolt, Medusa and other Inhumans to assist a super-human strikeforce in taking down the confused Sentry.

During the "Secret Invasion" storyline, Lockjaw assists his family tracking down Black Bolt, who had been captured by the Skrulls. Using technology gained from their allies the Kree, Lockjaw's abilities are upgraded, allowing him to teleport much farther.

In 2009, Lockjaw received a four-issue mini-series titled Lockjaw and the Pet Avengers, teaming with Lockheed, Redwing, Ms. Lion (Aunt May's puppy from Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends), Zabu, Niels the Cat/Hairball, and a new frog named Throg. This series involves Lockjaw bringing the Infinity Gauntlet together with the assistance of animal allies. The series spawned two additional mini-series with the Pet Avengers.

During the "War of Kings" storyline, Lockjaw re-joins his Inhuman family for the conflicts that eventually led to them taking over the Kree empire. This leads to the seeming loss of Black Bolt despite Crystal and Lockjaw's best efforts. This conflict also leads to the ravaging of the Shi'ar Empire. As his family determines who will rule, Lockheed is seen playing closely with Luna and assisting with Shi'ar recovery efforts. Lockjaw again becomes involved with gathering the Infinity Gauntlet together when the Soul Gem is lost and later found. Lockjaw was also sent by Medusa to keep an eye on recent Inhuman Kamala Khan, and helps her in her battle against a cockatiel/human hybrid clone of Thomas Edison known as Inventor.

During the Inhumans vs. X-Men storyline, Lockjaw was taking a nap when he is knocked out by Fantomex.

At the time when Lockjaw was on a mission to free Black Bolt from the deep space torture prison, a flashback revealed that Lockjaw got his powers during an Inhuman experiment on canines.

In the pages of "Death of the Inhumans", a faction of the Kree eventually initiated a murdering mission to bring Black Bolt to their ranks and across the stars as thousands of Inhumans were killed by Vox, the first of a new race of Super-Inhumans built by the Kree. Black Bolt quickly sent Lockjaw to bring his brother to him, however Vox had already reached New Arctilan and was fighting Maximus when Lockjaw arrived, and while the canine was able to temporarily take down the Super-Inhuman, the latter released his full power that not only burned down New Arctilan but in the process also apparently killed Lockjaw and Maximus.

In reality, Maximus and Lockjaw were simply teleported to an unknown location where they were converted into brainwashed agents of the Kree. Maximus was later killed during a confrontation with his family. During the Inhuman Royal Family's final assault on the Kree, Lockjaw was pitted against them along with a brainwashed Crystal. Lockjaw and Crystal were eventually freed from the Kree's control when Black Bolt used his powerful voice to destroy the equipment that was controlling them.

Powers and abilities
Lockjaw can teleport himself and nearby living creatures and matter to any destination on the Earth or the Moon. He can also open passages between dimensions. Energy barriers that are seemingly impenetrable to others seem to pose no problem to him. Lockjaw also has the ability to psionically trace a given "scent" across dimensional space. Lockjaw also once seemingly sensed danger from far off, when Doctor Doom had manipulated Silver Surfer's powers. Lockjaw seemingly has "super-canine" strength in his jaw. Once he locked on to Thing's arm and Thing could not get him to let go.

In the Secret Invasion: Inhumans mini-series, the Royal Family enter into an alliance with the Kree to free Black Bolt from his Skrull captors. To that end, the Kree greatly enhance Lockjaw's teleportation powers, enabling him to teleport himself and others over vast interplanetary distances.

Critical reception
Liz Wyatt of CBR.com referred to Lockjaw as one of Marvel's "fan favorite animal companions," stating, "Lockjaw is perhaps the cutest Inhuman out there...though we might be biased on that count. Lockjaw is not only extremely adorable, loyal, and okay...he's massive as well, but he's also very useful. You see, Lockjaw can teleport almost as well as he can drool. Which is saying something! Lockjaw is a massive bulldog, and an Inhuman to boot. He's made friends and allies with more than one Marvel character, and we're not surprised by that fact. This is one dog who has plenty of room for love in his heart. And that is why we love him so much." Chase Magnett of ComicBook.com called Lockjaw "one of the longest-lasting and most beloved super pets in existence," writing, "The bottom line with Lockjaw is that he's a very good dog. One of the best. If there were a We Rate Dogs Twitter in the Marvel universe, it would almost certainly give Lockjaw a 15/10. As a character, he reminds us of everything we love about our canine companions with an extra dose of superheroic powers and adventure on top. Lockjaw is loyal and loving, filled with fun, and there whenever his people need him. Whether you have a dog in your home or prefer to admire them from afar, the appeal of the species is obvious when looking at this big, jowled face. He's just such a good dog." CA Staff of ComicsAlliance asserted, "It's hard to imagine anyone not loving Lockjaw. He's a huge puppy dog who teleports you to where you need to go! He's so smart that for a while the story was that he wasn't a dog at all — but thankfully that was retconned, because Lockjaw is the best dog, and not letting him be one kind of ruins him. He's loyal to the Inhuman Royal Family — he even has a tuning fork on his head to match his master — but he's also spent time with the Thing and Ms. Marvel, two of Marvel's best characters. who are made even better with Lockjaw around. He may not star in many stories of his own, but if you could magically wish one comics character to life and hang out with them, Lockjaw would be an excellent choice." Simon Winter of WhatCulture said, "Despite being a dog, Lockjaw is by far the best member of the Inhumans. As 'Companion to the Royal Family of the Inhumans', Lockjaw plays an important part in keeping New Attilan safe from the countless threats it faces. However, if you think he's just a giant slobbering eating machine... Well, you'd be mostly right, but there's way more to this lovable mutt than meets the eye. In one of Marvel's greatest decisions, Lockjaw got his own Avengers team in 2009's Lockjaw and the Pet Avengers."

Accolades

 * In 2009, TIME included Lockjaw in their "Top 10 Oddest Marvel Characters" list.
 * In 2014, ComicBook.com ranked Lockjaw 7th in their "10 Greatest Animals in Comics" list.
 * In 2015, IGN included Lockjaw in their "7 Inhumans We Want on Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D." list.
 * In 2016, ComicsAlliance ranked Lockjaw 1st in their "Marvel’s Royal Inhumans, Ranked From Worst To Best" list.
 * In 2017, ComicBook.com included Lockjaw in their "8 Best Dogs in Superhero Comics" list.
 * In 2019, CBR.com ranked Lockjaw 2nd in their "15 Coolest Pets In Comic Books" list and 5th in their "Marvel: 10 Fan Favorite Animal Companions" list.
 * In 2019, Gizmodo ranked Lockjaw 12th in their "30 Very Good Sci-Fi Dogs" list.
 * In 2020, CBR.com ranked Lockjaw 9th in their "10 Most Iconic Pets In Marvel Comics" list.
 * In 2020, WhatCulture included Lockjaw in their "10 Marvel Pets You Wish You Could Adopt" list.
 * In 2022, Screen Rant included Lockjaw in their "Super-Pets: The 10 Best From DC & Marvel" list and in their "10 Best Animal Characters Who Should Join The MCU" list.
 * In 2022, Sportskeeda ranked Lockjaw 3rd in their "Top 5 comic book pets" list.
 * In 2022, Syfy ranked Lockjaw 6th in their "Marvel and DC's super pets, ranked" list.
 * In 2022, Collider included Lockjaw in their "10 Most Iconic Super-Pets in Comics" list.
 * In 2022, The A.V. Club included Lockjaw in their "21 top superhero pets" list.
 * In 2022, CBR.com ranked Lockjaw 2nd in their "15 Coolest Pets In Comic Books" list.

Lockjaw and the Pet Avengers - 2009
Marvel Comics announced that Lockjaw and the Pet Avengers #1 sold out in March 2009.

Doug Zawisza of CBR.com called Lockjaw and the Pet Avengers #1 an "all ages tour de force," stating, "Branded with an "All Ages" tag, this book is one for all ages—older fans of the Walter Simonson era of "Thor", fans of "Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends", X-Men fans, or just Marvel comics enthusiasts. This book serves as a reminder that not every comic needs to be hard-coded into continuity, so put that slide rule down and grab a copy of this book, as it brings an enthusiastic story to readers of the Marvel Universe. [...] This is a title that has come out of nowhere and deserves some recognition as it takes less than Z-list characters and offers an enjoyable tale that can be shared with long-term fans and younger readers alike. Eliopoulos gives of these characters each a voice and a reason to join up, but among them Lockheed really touched me in a way I hadn't thought of much before now." Daniel Crown of IGN gave Lockjaw and the Pet Avengers #1 a grade of 6.5 out of 10, asserting, "Ultimately, it's somewhat refreshing to see a child-friendly title like this one firmly set in the Marvel mythos proper. Lord knows the comic industry, and specifically the superhero genre, needs more all-ages comics. And to that end, Lockjaw and the Pet Avengers is just cute enough to skate by for adult readers, and should be more than acceptable for any little tyke who makes it a habit to ride their father or mother's leg into the comic store every Wednesday."

Lockjaw and the Pet Avengers Unleashed - 2010
According to Diamond Comics Distributors, Lockjaw and the Pet Avengers Unleashed #1 was the 195th best selling comic book in March 2010.

Doug Zawisza of CBR.com said, "The Pets are fabulously rendered by Ig Guara, the artistic beast master from the previous series. Guara, thankfully, has returned for another go at the Pets, bringing expression and emotion to these critters while never failing to deliver fantastic backgrounds, foregrounds, and cursory characters. This issue only has two panels with human beings in it, but with Guara drawing Eliopoulos' story, there is certainly no shortage of characterization. Sotomayor and Roberts color the living daylights out of this book, making the frogs look like amphibians, and setting off Ms. Lion's fur, giving each animal an almost tangible difference in their appearance. Sabino's lettering is equally well-suited to this story, giving many of the animals a different tone and tenor. The rumble of the hippos is different from the resonance of Hairball's speech. The mystery of Frog Thor coupled with the last page reveal are a bit more than one would expect from an "All Ages" book, but it just proves that this is truly "All Ages" and not "intended for younger readers, but hoping older readers think it's cute enough to pay for." Well done, I say. A single page Hulk-Pet Avengers story ends this issue with the characters teaming up with Blue Hulk to go to Ice Cream Mountain. It's silly and fun, and nice little extra for the younger readers written by Audrey Loeb and drawn by Dario Brizuela." Kevin Lee of Screen Rant included the Lockjaw and the Pet Avengers Unleashed comic book series in their "10 best super-pets comics storylines" list, saying, "A thought-provoking follow-up to Lockjaw and the Pet Avengers (2009), Unleashed #1-4 (2010) sees the Pet Avengers assemble when their mystical connection to Throg is lost. Eventually, they track Throg down, discovering the warped Golden One is destroying the mythical realm and plotting an incursion into the Earth realm. The dynamic creator duo of Super Pets, Eliopoulos and Guara, come together in this imaginative tale of finding oneself, friends, and the power of love when fueled by imagination."

Lockjaw - 2018
According to Diamond Comics Distributors, Lockjaw #1 was the 139th best selling comic book in February 2018. Lockjaw #2 was the 190th best selling comic book in March 2018.

Brandon Davis of ComicBook.com gave Lockjaw #1 a grade of 4 out of 5, stating, "A tale of man's best friend kicks off as Lockjaw branches from the reins of Black Bolt and his Attilan home for a planet-trotting adventure. Daniel Kibblesmith pairs the oversized teleporting pup with once-hero D-Man for an adventure which will certainly teach them to rely on each other, possibly one more than the other, in an unnecessary but potentially quite fun adventure." Jesse Schedeen of IGN gave Lockjaw #1 a grade of 8.6 out of 10, saying, " By now readers should have a certain idea of what to expect from a comic about Lockjaw. He's a gigantic, teleporting dog with a habit of getting into wacky adventures when he isn't busy teleporting the Inhumans to and fro. Tonally, we're not exactly talking The Dark Knight Returns here. But while this new miniseries is every bit as goofy as one would expect, it also manages to weave in a surprising amount of emotional depth in the process. [...] It's understandable if readers are feeling burnt out on the Inhumans at this point. However, Lockjaw #1 offers an entertaining diversion from the norm that places more emphasis on Lockjaw's new partner than the trusty canine himself. This issue delivers all the wacky superhero fun one would expect, but it anchors that fun with a surprisingly deep look at a fallen hero in crisis."

Age of Apocalypse
In the "Age of Apocalypse" reality where Apocalypse had conquered North America, Apocalypse approached the Inhumans to gain access to the Terrigen Mist. However, the Inhumans refused to deliver such material. Maximus made a secret deal with Apocalypse. Maximus would give the Terrigen Mist to Apocalypse if the High Lord granted him a position in the Horsemen. Maximus then took over the Inhumans Royal Family, slaying all those who stood in his way, including Lockjaw. As the new Death, Maximus created twisted clones based on the Inhuman Royal Family that were loyal to him. The clone of Lockjaw clashed with the X-Men when they traveled to the Blue Area of the Moon to try to kill Apocalypse during a time when he was recuperating there. Lockjaw used its tuning fork to knock out Morph. The X-Men freed themselves and defeated Maximus. Despite the Inhumans' initial victory, Lockjaw and all of the Royal Family were killed when the Ship was destroyed by Sunfire.

Earth X
In the alternate future of Earth X, Lockjaw is shot by some gaseous bullet and murdered by Maximus. His teleportation-forehead assembly is seemingly the only part of him that has survived. It is used by Black Bolt and the other Inhumans to investigate happenings on Earth.

Marvel Knights 2099
Lockjaw is one of the few Royal family members to survive to the year 2099; Maximus the Mad had slain the rest. The Inhumans had established themselves on a space station also called Attilan.

Marvel Zombies
Lockjaw appears zombified along with the Royal Family of the Inhumans, creating a portal for them to meet with the Kingpin. He is later seen trying to attack Machine Man. The heroic android tricks Lockjaw into teleporting to the mainstream Marvel Universe. Lockjaw is tricked into eating an explosive-laden human brain. He is destroyed in the explosion. Another Lockjaw is seen when the zombie virus spreads to "Earth Z". He too is zombiefied and assists in slaying the "Warbound". He was captured by Machine Man, Ultron and Jocasta.

Ultimate Marvel
The Ultimate Marvel incarnation of Lockjaw appears in Ultimate Fantastic Four Annual #1. In this incarnation, he has teleportation powers as well. He leaves the Inhumans' Himalayan refuge with Crystal, who is running away because she was being forced to marry Black Bolt's brother, Maximus (only Crystal suspects he is mad). Lockjaw assists in saving Crystal from her pursuing guards but they eventually drag her back home anyway. They leave him behind and he brings the Fantastic Four for assistance. This is not well received as most of Inhuman society severely dislikes any outsiders. Black Bolt ends up destroying the evacuated Attilan simply because the Four "contaminated" it. Several of the Inhumans indicate they had conspired for Lockjaw to be left behind in the human world.

Television

 * Lockjaw appears in The New Fantastic Four, episode "Blastaar, the Living Bomb Burst". Medusa loaned Lockjaw to the Fantastic Four to be their watch dog. The Fantastic Four used Lockjaw's teleportation power to travel to the Negative Zone. Blastaar was released from the cocoon and tricked Lockjaw into attacking New York City with him. However, when Blastaar attacked the Fantastic Four, Lockjaw protected them from Blastaar. When Blastaar was defeated, Lockjaw returned him to the Negative Zone.

 * Lockjaw appears in the Fantastic Four (1994) animated series three-part episode "Inhumans Saga". In "Hopelessly Impossible", because of his teleportation abilities, Lockjaw was able to leave the Great Refuge. He helped Impossible Man and Human Torch escape the Super-Skrull. In "The Sentry Sinister", Lockjaw takes Crystal to meet with Johnny and also take them with Ben, Sue and Reed to confront the Kree Sentry and escape with them from the island before the volcano erupts. In the end, Lockjaw is taken for a walk by Ben, teleporting anywhere.

 * Lockjaw appears in Hulk and the Agents of S.M.A.S.H.. Introduced in the episode "Inhuman Nature", he later appears in the two-part series finale "Planet Monster" assisting the Agents of S.M.A.S.H. and the Avengers against the forces of the Supreme Intelligence.

 * Lockjaw appears in Ultimate Spider-Man. In the episode "Inhumanity", he is among the Inhumans that are mind-controlled by Maximus. In "Agent Web", he was with the Inhuman Royal Family when they confronted Spider-Man and Triton outside the abandoned Inhuman city of Atarog and subsequently transported Spider-Man and Triton back to the Triskelion.

 * Lockjaw appears in the Guardians of the Galaxy. In "Crystal Blue Persuasion", he is among the Inhumans afflicted with a plague that causes crystals to grow on their bodies, before being cured after Star-Lord uses the CryptoCube. In the episode "Inhuman Touch", Lockjaw helps the Guardians of the Galaxy when Maximus escapes prison.

 * Lockjaw appears in the Avengers Assemble. In the episode "Inhumans Among Us", after an Inhuman ship crashes in the mountains near Maple Falls, Lockjaw assists the Hulk in obtaining a Terrigen Crystal and eliminating the Terrigen Fog. In "The Inhuman Condition", Lockjaw brings the Avengers to Attilan to help Black Bolt fight Ultron, who has invaded the city and captured the other Inhumans.

 * Lockjaw appears in Inhumans. He is once again Crystal's pet and faithful companion, though it is implied that he isn't really smart. After helping the Royal Family escape Attilan when Maximus starts a coup d'état, Lockjaw is stunned by Pulssus and imprisoned in the Quiet Room while Crystal is placed under house arrest. Thanks to a trick to get away from Maximus, Crystal revives him with her powers and they escape to Hawaii, but Lockjaw is injured by a passing motorist named Dave. He is revived to full health by Dave's ex-girlfriend Audrey. Afterwards, he teleports Crystal, Black Bolt, and Medusa back to Karnak upon reuniting with them. Lockjaw then returns his family back to Attilan to stop Maximus and finally returns them back to Earth when Attilan begins to fall.

 * Lockjaw appears in Marvel Future Avengers, with his vocal effects provided by Aaron LaPlante in the English dub.

 * Lockjaw appears in Spidey and His Amazing Friends, with vocal effects again provided by Dee Bradley Baker. This version is Kamala Khan's pet.

Film

 * Lockjaw appears in Marvel Rising: Secret Warriors, with vocal effects provided by Dee Bradley Baker. This version is Kamala Khan's pet and a member of the Secret Warriors.

Video games

 * Lockjaw appears as a non-playable hero in Marvel: Ultimate Alliance. He assists the heroes by sending them to the Shi'ar galaxy and Skrull homeworld to gather implements necessary to defeat a divinely-empowered Doctor Doom.

 * Lockjaw appears as a non-playable character in Marvel: Contest of Champions.

 * Lockjaw appears as a playable character in Lego Marvel Super Heroes 2.

 * Lockjaw appears as a playable character in Marvel Puzzle Quest.

 * A statue of Lockjaw appears in Spider-Man (2018). The developers originally wanted to include Wall Street's Charging Bull sculpture, but replaced it with Lockjaw to avoid legal issues.

Non-fiction

 * The debate over Lockjaw's sentience is discussed in Peter David's non-fiction book Writing For Comics. In this, he discussed how he tried to go with Stan Lee and Jack Kirby's original assertion that Lockjaw was a 'dumb animal'. He appears in a discussion of Marvel comics in a reprinted segment of a Casey At The Bat parody in The Penguin Book of Comics. In the context, he has accompanied Crystal to the baseball game.

title: Lockjaw (character)


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Polynesian Panthers

The Polynesian Panther Party (PPP) was a revolutionary social justice movement formed to target racial inequalities carried out against indigenous Māori and Pacific Islanders in Auckland, New Zealand. Founded by a group of young Polynesians on 16 June 1971, the Panthers worked to aid in community betterment through activism and protest. Besides peaceful protests, they helped provide education, legal aid, and other social resources, such as ESOL classes and youth community programs. The group was explicitly influenced by the American Black Panther Party, particularly Huey Newton’s policy of black unity through his global call-to-action, as well as his ideology of intercommunalism. The movement galvanised widespread support during the Dawn Raids of the 1970s, and greatly helped contribute to the modern pan-Polynesian ethnic identity in New Zealand called Pasifika.

The Polynesian Panthers operated to bring awareness and combat exploitative social relations of Pasifika people, including redlining, racial profiling, disproportionate incarceration, and segregation in sport. The PPP effectively ceased when founding member and main organiser, Will 'Ilolahia, fled the country in 1983 after being threatened by police, following his acquittal for helping organise protests of the 1981 Springbok Tour. The name has since been adopted by an activist group continuing to fight for human rights in New Zealand.

Foundation
The Polynesian Panther Movement was founded in inner-city Auckland on 16 June 1971 by six young Pacific Islanders: Fred Schmidt, Nooroa Teavae, Paul Dapp, Vaughan Sanft, Eddie Williams and Will 'Ilolahia. They extended their branch to men and women in the community interested in advocating for Pasifika rights. The Panthers' lead function was to raise consciousness and ensure community wellbeing in response to racial discrimination, prejudice and social inequality faced by indigenous Māori citizens and Pacific Islanders. Amidst racial tension and backlash, the Party sought to protect the Polynesian community from aggressive policies and policing.

Soon after establishing headquarters in Ponsonby, their impacts extended to create a fusion of ex-gang members, university students, revolutionaries & radicals with most aged in their 20s. At the time many Pacific Island youth were supporters of Māori political initiatives such as the Bastion Point occupation and Waitangi Day protests, gaining skills in political lobbying and processes which they used to raise the profile of Pacific people in New Zealand. Within a few years the movement had expanded nationally with over 500 members and supporters, and 13 chapters including South Auckland, Christchurch and Dunedin, as well as several chapters in prisons.

Community outreach
The Polynesian Panthers began to organize activities, workshops and group initiatives in place of lacking social resources available to Polynesians at the time. Among these were homework centres and tutoring for Pacific children, running programs educating Māori and Pacific Islanders on their rights as New Zealand citizens, free meal programs and food banks for roughly 600 families. Youth programs by the PPP were also intended to inspire community initiative and discourage gang integration.

Through their dedication to Polynesian legal aid, the Panthers were advocating for those forcibly evicted in poor communities by private security firms and those who became unemployed, lost their visas due to their tenant conflicts or were under threat of deportation under new policy. Because of the working-class background of its members the movement heavily concerned itself with issues relating to unequal pay and unsatisfactory working and living conditions. The Panthers also provided many in the community with ‘people’s loans’ in times of need. With the help of David Lange, who served as their legal advisor from 1971 to 1976 before becoming the country's Prime Minister, they were able to release their Legal Aid book to ensure that Polynesian migrants and citizens were best equipped to defend themselves against the system.

As part of the efforts to restore prosperity to Pasifika communities, the Polynesian Panthers organized a prison-visit program, mimicking that of the Black Panther Party. This program gave families access to bus transport, and recognized the need for socialization for those behind bars. The Panthers frequently spoke with Polynesians who did not have other visitors organized sporting events and debate teams for inmates, and often offered a halfway-house accommodation for those released from prison.

According to Will 'Ilolahia, the movement's social outreach, especially involving youth, is what led to their increase in female members. By advocating for equity of the sexes, the Panthers were able to promote egalitarianism through multiple sectors for the Polynesian community as a whole. Scholars note that the women in the group challenged systemic racism and sexism by taking on very functional roles in working for the cause that were generally different from female roles in Polynesian society. Panther member, Miriama Rauhihi Ness (Ama Ness), was hired as a full-time social-worker after she led a Pasifika women's strike for pay and work conditions; she also began organizing gender equality workshops for other Panthers and men in the community to target cultural bias and violence against women.

Dawn Raids
New Zealand's economy had declined in the late 1960s due to their reliance on international developments, including wool prices, dairy products and oil. Many Pacific Islanders were encouraged to migrate in-land and fill the labour shortage for low-experience jobs. Norman Kirk assembled a police task force in 1973 to deal with overstayers in Auckland, which lead to a number of "Dawn Raids" and the racial profiling of Pacific Islanders. The Polynesian Panthers greatly increased in profile by continued protesting and advocacy for Polynesian rights during Robert Muldoon's immigration scare campaign in 1975, and the intensified promotion of police raids under his administration. The raids involved police storming the homes of those suspected of overstaying temporary working visas, typically at dawn. Though the majority of people overstaying such visas were from the UK, Australia and South Africa, the dawn raids disproportionately targeted over-stayers of Pacific Islander heritage. "A study carried out in 1985–86 was revealing: it showed that whereas Pacific Island people comprised only a third of overstayers, they made up 86% of all prosecutions for overstaying."(Beaglehole, 2015) In protest, Polynesian Panther members would organise "counter raids" on the homes of several prominent cabinet members, including Bill Birch and Frank Gill, who were in favour of the policy, by surrounding them with light and chanting with megaphones. The government's dawn raids ended less than three weeks after the Panthers began their protest. During this time, the PPP continued to provide legal aid to detainees.

Police Investigation Group
In response to the New Zealand police task-force and the Muldoon government's continuation of aggressive policies against Pasifikas, the Panthers initiated their own detail known as the Police Investigation Group Patrol, or PIG Patrol, to monitor and protect the community. Policies of the police at the time included profiling and frequently approaching Pacific Islanders and insisting they provide their passport. Anyone who did not have their passport on their person could be detained immediately and taken to prison. Convoys of police vehicles would routinely approach bars frequented by Pacific Islanders, often looking to provoke any reaction that could result in an arrest. In response, the PIG Patrol monitored police convoys by listening to police frequencies, phoning in their locations, following police vans, warning bar attendees of a potential visit and providing Legal Aid pamphlets.

Rugby
Despite the formations of anti-racist groups (Halt All Racist Tours, 1969), much of the Rugby Union seemed to turn a blind-eye to the racial discrimination within the league. As one of the most renowned activist events in rugby, the Panthers played a large role in protesting racial selection in the sport by joining rallies against the 1981 Springbok Tour. Because of South African apartheid, New Zealand sports teams were urged to exclude Māori players and select rosters according to racial segregation, said to be in the best interest and safety of the players. In 1970, All Blacks rugby toured its Māori and Islander players under the privileged status of 'honorary whites', although many were not satisfied with this gesture of tolerance.

Being the last major activism undertaken by the Panthers, this was also the most physically involved protest with police counter-charge and game spectator violence. Panther member Tigilau Ness was imprisoned for his role in the protests. Founding panther member Will 'Ilolahia was also arrested for helping organise the protests, and was facing 10 years in prison if convicted. Following a two-year trial, he was found not guilty, a verdict that was partially attributed to Desmond Tutu flying from South Africa specifically to act as a character witness for the Panthers. After describing the Panthers as liberators and defenders of human rights, and attributing their actions as playing a role in the end of apartheid, a jury took 1 hour and 10 minutes to find 'Ilolahia not guilty. As he was leaving the courthouse, 'Ilolahia states that police threatened him with violence, resulting in him returning to Tonga for his safety. As most of the Panther's duties at the time were organised by 'Ilolahia, his departure from New Zealand effectively resulted in the end of the organisation.

Amid controversial tours, the Gleneagles Agreement of 1977 gave international support against apartheid in sport.

Later years
In 2006 Panther members released a book to mark the 35th anniversary of the Polynesian Panther movement.

On 12 September 2009 the Polynesian Panthers held a special evening in Auckland to honour American Black Panther revolutionary artist Emory Douglas during his International Artist in Residency at Auckland University's Elam School of Fine Arts.

In 2010 a documentary film made by Nevak 'Ilolahia (niece of Will 'Ilolahia), was released telling the story of the Polynesian Panthers. It was shown on Māori Television's New Zealand documentary slot.

In 2016, activists still operating under the name of The Polynesian Black Panther Party attended the (United States) Black Panther Party's 50th Anniversary Reunion in Oakland, California. This event was held to honour the ideologies brought forth by the Party, as well as commemorate those who are still organizing for the cause. In an interview with Eddie Conway, current Polynesian Panthers were interviewed about the importance of the BPP in influencing their activism and to bring light to their current work for Pacific Islands Safety & Violence Prevention Program: anti-violence against women and girls.

Miriama Rauhihi Ness was interviewed by Te Ao - Māori News in June 2020 where she spoke in support of Black Lives Matter protests.

In April 2021, former Polynesian Panther members are among those petitioning the New Zealand government for an official apology for the dawn raids that took place in the mid1970s.

On 15 August 2021, the public broadcaster TVNZ released a television series about the Polynesian Panthers called The Panthers on TVNZ 1 and TVNZ On Demand. The series starred Dimitrius Schuster-Koloamatangi as Polynesian Panthers leader Will Ilolahia, and was written by Tom Hern and Halaifonua Finau. The series became the first New Zealand television series to screen at the Toronto International Film Festival.

Global Panther Movements

 * Dalit Panthers (India)
 * Gray Panthers
 * Black Panthers (Israel)
 * British Black Panthers

title: Polynesian Panthers


text:
New York's Village Halloween Parade

The Village Halloween Parade is an annual holiday parade held on the night of Halloween, in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of New York City. The parade, initiated on October 31, 1974 by Greenwich Village puppeteer and mask maker Ralph Lee, is the world's largest Halloween parade and the only major nighttime parade in the United States. The parade reports itself to have 50,000 "costumed participants" and 2 million spectators. The parade has its roots in New York's queer community.

The Village Halloween Parade has been called "New York's Carnival." The parade is largely a spontaneous event as individual marchers can just show up in costume at the starting point without registering or paying anything. The parade's signature features include its large puppets, which are animated by hundreds of volunteers. The official parade theme each year is applied to the puppets. In addition to the puppets, more than 50 marching bands participate each year. In addition, there are some commercial Halloween parade floats.

The official route, on Sixth Avenue from Spring Street to 16th Street in Manhattan, is 1.4 miles long (the distance from the gathering spot on Sixth Avenue from Canal Street to Spring Street adds another 0.2 miles). The parade usually starts at 7 PM and lasts for about two to three hours.

Historical timeline
In 1973, an informal parade of puppets for children was organized by Ralph Lee of the Mettawee River Theatre Company around his residence of artists in the Westbeth Artists Community. The next year, the parade went from Jane Street at the Hudson River to Washington Square Park. About 200 adults and children participated. The 1975 parade was produced by the Theatre for the New City (which at the time was in Westbeth). Lee and the Theatre won Obie Award for the production. The 1975 parade grew to 1,500 participants. The new management introduced more adult elements into the event including a Halloween ball after the parade. Organization of the parade was formally handled by a non-profit organization starting in 1976.

In 1977, the route was changed to 10th Street between Greenwich Avenue to Fifth Avenue and still ending in Washington Square. A devil sat at the top of the Washington Square arch where it released balloons and slid down a wire into the fountain. The year also saw the first appearance of giant spider on the Jefferson Market Library. The parade continued to start at Westbeth until 1983. Two years later, with crowds expanding to 250,000, the route was moved from side streets to Sixth Avenue from Spring Street to 22nd Street (although in practice the gathering point was further south at Canal Street and the northern point would be shortened to 16th Street. The change in route ended the connection to Washington Square Park. Jeanne Fleming became the Artistic and Producing Director.

In 1990, New York University and Manhattan Community Board 2 begin hosting an unrelated Children's Halloween Parade in Greenwich Village in the afternoons in Washington Square. Sophia Michahelles and Alex Kahn become the official designers of the parade's puppets in 1998, and the following year, Basil Twist designed the spider that currently appears on the Jefferson Market Library.

Less than seven weeks after the September 11 attacks in 2001, the parade was broadcast worldwide and was an indication that New York was bouncing back. The parade was led by a giant puppet of a Phoenix rising out of the ashes. Noticeably missing from the parade was Bread and Puppet Theater which had been a political staple of the parade but was protesting the new War in Afghanistan. Earlier the Bread and Puppet contingent consisted of five blocks of its giant puppets. Similarly, less than 8 weeks after Hurricane Katrina in 2005, more than 8,000 storm evacuees attended a funeral procession tribute as part of the parade. In 2010, Haitian Carnival Artist Didier Civil created Haitian carnival figures as a tribute to victims of the 2010 Haiti earthquake.

The parade was cancelled for the first time in the aftermath of Hurricane Sandy in 2012, which had heavily damaged coastal New York City and had left Greenwich Village without electricity during the parade time. The next year, a Kickstarter campaign to cover costs of the 2012 closing saved the parade from permanently closing. The campaign raised $56,000, surpassing its goal of $50,000.

Less than four hours after eight people were killed six blocks west of the parade route in the 2017 New York City truck attack, the parade proceeded as scheduled. Both Mayor Bill de Blasio and Gov. Andrew Cuomo marched in the parade.

In 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City, the parade was canceled for the first time in eight years. The parade's organizers cited concerns that social distancing would be impossible with the high crowds that the parade typically saw.

Theme
In 2001, the parade presented a work of puppetry that would become celebrated for its artistry, and remembered in the city's history. After the September 11, 2001 attacks, events citywide and nationwide were being either scrapped or postponed. Organizers believed the parade would give the city a much-needed emotional release, reform the community, and help it to begin the healing process. They felt that this was the most positive way they, as artists, could serve the city at such a desperate time. "This is the meaning of the Dancing Skeletons that always lead the march: they know better than anyone what they have lost, and so they dance this one night of the year to celebrate life," Fleming told CNN in an interview.

By September 15, Fleming had scrapped the old theme and chosen a new one. Although no one was certain the parade would take place, designer Sophia Michahelles conceived of a new theme, Phoenix Rising, to galvanize the spirit of New York in the wake of the tragedy. A giant puppet of a phoenix, the mythical bird that rises up out of its own ashes, was created by Michahelles in the workshop of Official Parade Puppeteers Superior Concept Monsters. The animated creation was mechanically configured to spread its wings and rise out of fiery ashes, represented by flickering lanterns lifted on poles, encircling the parading figure. On October 25 the parade received final authorization to go ahead. In light of the widely established community relationships which Fleming had cultivated, and the parade's long tradition, Mayor Rudy Giuliani insisted it go on.

Cultural impact
The parade has been studied by leading cultural anthropologists. According to The New York Times, "the Halloween Parade is the best entertainment the people of this City ever give the people of this City." "Absolutely anything goes," says USA Today. "Be prepared to drop your jaw."

The parade is also themed in the video game Tycoon City: New York, published in 2006.

Videos
"Life Cycle of a Parade" Note: Each chapter is about one minute long Note: Twin Towers in background on their last Halloween
 * Karl Gober
 * 2000 Halloween Parade
 * 2000 Halloween Parade

 * Superior Concept Monsters — Theme Performances

 * Street photo montage, Kenneth Akama

Photographs

 * NYCfoto — 2014, 2013, 2011, 2010, 2009, 2008
 * NYCfoto — 2014, 2013, 2011, 2010, 2009, 2008
 * NYCfoto — 2014, 2013, 2011, 2010, 2009, 2008

title: New York's Village Halloween Parade


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