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United Provinces of Central Italy

The United Provinces of Central Italy (Province Unite del Centro Italia), also known as the Confederation of Central Italy or General Government of Central Italy, was a short-lived military government established in 1859 by the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia. It was formed by a union of the former Grand Duchy of Tuscany, the Duchy of Parma, the Duchy of Modena, and the Papal Legations, after the Second Italian War of Independence.

After August 1859, the pro-Piedmontese regimes of Tuscany, Parma, Modena and the Papal Legations agreed to several military treaties. On 7 November 1859, they elected Eugenio Emanuele di Savoia-Carignano as their regent.

The peace of the Treaty of Zürich had left the question of the United Provinces unsettled. This led to a period of negotiations and eventually to the Treaty of Turin in 1860. During this time, Napoleon III faced pressure from Austria through their ambassador Richard von Metternich to halt Sardinian expansion and restore Ferdinand IV (who had been deposed) as Grand Duke of Tuscany. Ferdinand was a cousin of Austrian emperor Franz Joseph I. The Austrians saw Savoia-Carignano, a member of the same dynasty as Victor Emmanuel II, as unacceptably likely to promote annexation by Sardinia. At the urging of Napoleon III, Victor Emmanuel II refused to allow Savoia-Cariagnano to accept a position of leadership in Tuscany, instead sending Carlo Bon Compagni as the Governor General of Central Italy, and making him responsible for the diplomatic and military affairs of the states.

On 8 December 1859, Parma, Modena and the Papal Legations were incorporated into the Royal Provinces of Emilia. After plebiscites were held during March 1860, and France was granted Nice and Savoy, the territory of the United Provinces of Central Italy was annexed formally to Piedmont-Sardinia, as Bon Compagni resigned on 3 March 1860.

title: United Provinces of Central Italy


text:
Category:Public education in Iowa

This category is about public education in the state of Iowa.

The Iowa Department of Education maintains a list of school districts and buildings here. You may also find a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet listing the public school districts in Iowa or public school buildings in Iowa. The Iowa DOE also maintains a list of non-public schools found here.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Public education in Iowa


text: Template:Suicide sidebar

title: Template:Suicide sidebar


text:
James T. Farrell

James Thomas Farrell (February 27, 1904 – August 22, 1979) was an American novelist, short-story writer and poet.

He is most remembered for the Studs Lonigan trilogy, which was made into a film in 1960 and a television series in 1979.

Biography
Farrell was born in Chicago, to a large Irish-American family which included siblings Earl, Joseph, Helen, John and Mary. In addition, there were several other siblings who died during childbirth, as well as one who died from the 1918 flu pandemic. His father was a teamster, and his mother a domestic servant. His parents were too poor to provide for him, and he went to live with his grandparents when he was three years old.

Farrell attended Mt. Carmel High School, then known as St. Cyril, with future Egyptologist Richard Anthony Parker. He then later attended the University of Chicago.

He began writing when he was 21 years old. A novelist, journalist, and short story writer, he was known for his realistic descriptions of the working class South Side Irish, especially in the novels about the character Studs Lonigan. Farrell based his writing on his own experiences, particularly those that he included in his celebrated "Danny O'Neill Pentalogy" series of five novels.

Among the writers who acknowledged Farrell as an inspiration was Norman Mailer:

"Mr. Mailer intended to major in aeronautical engineering, but by the time he was a sophomore, he had fallen in love with literature. He spent the summer reading and rereading James T. Farrell's 'Studs Lonigan,' John Steinbeck's 'Grapes of Wrath' and John Dos Passos's 'U.S.A.,' and he began, or so he claimed, to set himself a daily quota of 3,000 words of his own, on the theory that this was the way to get bad writing out of his system. By 1941 he was sufficiently purged to win the Story magazine prize for best short story written by an undergraduate."

Politics
Farrell was also active in Trotskyist politics and joined the Socialist Workers Party (SWP). He came to agree with Albert Goldman and Felix Morrows' criticism of the SWP and Fourth International management. With Goldman, he ended his participation with the group in 1946 to join the Workers' Party.

Within the Workers' Party, Goldman and Farrell worked closely. In 1948, they developed criticisms of its policies, claiming that the party should endorse the Marshall Plan and also Norman Thomas' presidential candidacy. Having come to believe that only capitalism could defeat Stalinism, they left to join the Socialist Party of America. During the late 1960s, disenchanted with the political "center", while impressed with the SWP's involvement in the Civil Rights and US anti-Vietnam War movements, he reestablished communication with his former comrades of two decades earlier. Farrell attended one or more SWP-sponsored Militant Forum events (probably in NYC), but never rejoined the Trotskyist movement.

In 1976, he became a founding member of the neoconservative Committee on the Present Danger.

Marriages
Farrell was married three times, to two women. He married his first wife Dorothy Butler in 1931. After divorcing her, in 1941 he married stage actress Hortense Alden, with whom he had two sons, Kevin and John. They divorced in 1955, and later that year he remarried Dorothy Farrell. They separated again in 1958 but remained legally married until his death. She died in 2005.

Legacy
According to William McCann:
 * No writer has described a specific area of American society so thoroughly and comprehensively as Farrell did in the seven novels of Studs Lonigan and Danny O'Neill (1932-43). A consummate realist in viewpoint and method, he turned repeatedly in his fiction to the subject he knew best, the Irish Catholic neighborhood of Chicago's South Side. Drawing on lacerating personal experience, Farrell wrote about people who were victims of injurious social circumstances and of their own spiritual and intellectual shortcomings. He depicted human frustration, ignorance, cruelty, violence, and moral degeneration with sober, relentless veracity....Despite his Marxist leanings, Farrell's fiction is not that of a reformer, or a doctrinaire theorist, but rather the patient humorless representation of ways of life and states of mind he abhors....Farrell’s place in American letters, however, as certainly the most industrious and probably the most powerful writer in the naturalistic tradition stemming from Frank Norris and Dreiser, was solidly established with the Lonegan--O'Neil series....His later novels are lamented and ignored.

The Studs Lonigan trilogy was voted number 29 on the Modern Library's list of the 100 best novels of the 20th century.

On the 100th anniversary of Farrell's birth, Norman Mailer was a panelist at the New York Public Library's "James T. Farrell Centenary Celebration" on February 25, 2004 along with Pete Hamill, Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr. and moderator Donald Yannella. They discussed Farrell's life and legacy.

In 1973, Farrell was awarded the St. Louis Literary Award from the Saint Louis University Library Associates. In 2012, he was inducted into the Chicago Literary Hall of Fame.

Studs Terkel, the Chicago-based historian, took the name "Studs" from Farrell's famous character Studs Lonigan.

Posthumous editions

 * Eight Short, Short Stories (1981)
 * Sam Holman (1994)
 * Hearing Out James T. Farrell: Selected Lectures (1997)
 * Studs Lonigan: A Trilogy, ed. Pete Hamill (New York: The Library of America, 2004) ISBN 978-1-931082-55-6.
 * Dreaming Baseball, eds. Ron Briley, Margaret Davidson, and James Barbour (Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 2007).

title: James T. Farrell


text:
Talk:Talisman: Sacred Cities, Secret Faith

This isn't an encyclopaedia article, it's a press release. I unfortunately don't have the time or energy to invest in completely rewriting it, nor have I read the book, but I've added the cleanup-rewrite tag in the hope that someone better placed than I will be able to do so. Binabik80 22:38, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

There is also the point that the Criticism section is entirely subjective, and appears to be one editor's opinion, no more. All in all, this is far from being a fair analysis of either the book or the wider theory. -- HenriLobineau 10:05, 16 January 2007 (UTC)

Given that no-one has sought to defend the POV-ism of the Criticism section, I have removed it, and archived it below. I propose to delete it completely in 21 days' time. -- HenriLobineau 09:18, 24 May 2007 (UTC)

Far more than 21 days have passed and I have deleted the section. --HenriLobineau 13:07, 3 September 2007 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Splenitis

Enlargement of spleen due to infections or sepsis. Some doubt condition exisits and so redirect to Splenomegaly

PMID 11419972

David Ruben 22:38, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Splenitis


text:
Hatten är din

Hatten är din (Swedish for "The hat is yours") is an Internet meme from 2000. It is a Flash animation featuring the music of Lebanese musician Azar Habib; the name of the song playing is "Miin Ma Kenti". The animation prominently features a hat, Swedish text, and an assortment of bizarre imagery.

Origin
In 1981, Habib recorded "Miin Ma Kenti" (Whoever you are), also known as "Habbaytek"/"Habbeetik" (I Loved You, or I Fell In Love With You) in Arabic for his Ya Malaki album; the tape eventually made its way to Sweden. Nineteen years later, Swedes Patrik Nyberg, Johan Gröndahl and Pet Bagge noticed that the lyrics sounded like Swedish. With this in mind, they published an mp3 file and a text file with the "misheard" lyrics on their website. Shortly after this, another Swede, Martin Holmström, decided to make a flash video of the song, which he published on his site. It has been seen by millions of people around the world.

Details
The Swedish "subtitles" are not a translation of the Arabic, but rather a homophonic translation of the lyrics into Swedish, resulting in outlandish non sequiturs such as Limma skinkbit, cooligt (glue piece of ham, cool-ish) and Man kan knarka och hamna i TV (You can do drugs and end up on TV). From the contents of these lyrics the deadpan site presented a Swedish drinking game involving the passing around of hats, which was sometimes taken at face value by viewers.

The accompanying images of the animation are ostensibly Middle Eastern men in hats; one of those hats floating among a party of people, who appear to be dressed in traditional Turkish or Middle Eastern clothing; and visualizations of the Swedish lyrics such as "cool guy with soda in hand" and "borrow the LP 'Hatten är din' ".

Reception
The song became famous in Scandinavia and, according to Nyberg, was often played at drinking parties. Copies were made and sold without the creators' permission. The Metro newspaper of Stockholm even sent a journalist to get an interview with Azar Habib. Habib was apparently surprised by this mutilation of his song and the craze that followed, but liked the idea.

In the English-speaking world, the animation was also known as "Hatt-baby".

title: Hatten är din


text:
Boulder (disambiguation)

A boulder is a large rock.

Boulder may also refer to:

Australia

 * Boulder, Western Australia
 * Electoral district of Boulder

Canada

 * Boulder Island, Nunavut, Canada

United States

 * Boulder, Colorado
 * Boulder, Illinois, an unincorporated community in Clinton County, Illinois
 * Boulder, Montana
 * Boulder, Utah
 * Boulder, West Virginia, an unincorporated community in Barbour County, West Virginia
 * Boulder, Wyoming
 * Boulder City, Nevada
 * Boulder Creek, California
 * Boulder Junction, Wisconsin, a town
 * Boulder Junction (CDP), Wisconsin, an unincorporated community
 * Boulder Dam, a.k.a. Hoover Dam

United States

 * Boulder, University of Colorado Boulder
 * Boulder, Boulder High School

Other uses

 * Boulder, large toy marble subject to distinct rules
 * Boulder, a.k.a. Nix, a satellite of Pluto
 * Boulders (album), a 1973 album by Roy Wood
 * Boulder, a fictional truck in the racing video game Excite Truck
 * Boulder, a character from Transformers: Rescue Bots
 * Boulder Amplifiers, an American high-end audio manufacturer
 * Terry Boulder, early stage name for American professional wrestler Hulk Hogan
 * Horace Boulder, former American professional wrestler
 * Boulder (band), an American rock band
 * Boulder (novel), a 2020 novel by Eva Baltasar

title: Boulder (disambiguation)


text: User talk:24.16.68.180

title: User talk:24.16.68.180


text:
Space of Freedom

Space of Freedom was a concert performed by French musician Jean Michel Jarre in Poland, at the Gdańsk Shipyard, on August 26, 2005, to celebrate the 25th anniversary of the Solidarity trade union's foundation. Jarre was invited by Lech Wałęsa to hold this concert, which was watched by an audience of more than 170,000 people who bought tickets, as well as many others who observed the event from outside the shipyard, in high buildings such as Zieleniak and the hills of Góra Gradowa.

Lech Wałęsa, the union leader who led the strikes from 1980, and the current president of the city of Gdańsk, Paweł Adamowicz, attended the concert. Lech Wałęsa gave a speech on the meaning of Solidarity and on the non-violent upheaval of the political system.

The concert was broadcast live on Polish Television and Polish Radio, as well as by satellite. It was reproduced in commemorative books, on audio CD and DVD.

Track listing

 * "Waiting for Cousteau" (pre-concert warm-up)
 * "Shipyard Overture" (originally "Industrial Revolution: Overture")
 * "Oxygene 2" (with a new flute intro titled "Suite for Flute")
 * "Chopin Memories" (new composition)
 * "Aero"
 * "Oxygene 4"
 * "Souvenir" (originally "Souvenir of China")
 * "Geometry of Love"
 * "Equinoxe 4"
 * "Space of Freedom" (originally "March 23")
 * "Aerology"
 * "Chronology 2" (with a new Theremin intro titled "Theremin Memories")
 * Speech by Lech Wałęsa
 * "Mury" (lit. "Walls") (composed by Jacek Kaczmarski)
 * "Chronology 6"
 * "Oxygene 8"
 * "Light My Sky" (originally "Tout Est Bleu", new lyrics)
 * "Tribute to Pope John Paul II" (originally "Akropolis")
 * "Rendez-Vous 2" (version from the "Once upon a Time" performance, dedicated to Pope John Paul II)
 * "Summer-Presto" (from The Four Seasons, composed by Vivaldi)
 * "The Emigrant" (dedicated to Polonia)
 * "Oxygene 12"
 * "Rendez-Vous 4"
 * "Solidarność" (originally "Oxygène 13", dedicated to the workers at the shipyard)
 * "Aerology Remix" (encore)

Musicians

 * Jean Michel Jarre (keyboards, mixing desk, laser harp, theremin, vocals)
 * Francis Rimbert (keyboards, electronic percussions)
 * Claude Samard (keyboards, guitars, musical coordinator)
 * Patrick Rondat (electric guitar on "Chronology 2" and Vivaldi "Summer Presto")
 * Baltic Philharmonic Orchestra
 * Gdansk University Choir

Published media

 * Book: Jarre, Jean Michel. Przestrzeń Wolności, 2005. ISBN 83-915166-9-5.
 * Audio CD: Live From Gdańsk (Koncert w Stoczni) (2005, released exclusively in Central Europe).
 * DVD: Jean-Michel Jarre: Solidarnosc Live (2005, NTSC, one disc, also released as a "Collector's Edition" with the audio CD).

title: Space of Freedom


text:
Gramado

Gramado is a municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. It is located in the Serra Gaúcha region. The city was originally settled by Azorean descendants and later received a contingent of German and Italian immigrants. Gramado is one of the cities along the scenic route known as Rota Romântica (Romantic Route).

History
Gramado was originally settled in 1875 by Portuguese immigrants. Five years later, the first German immigrants arrived and these were followed shortly after by Italian immigrants from the Italian settlements in Caxias do Sul.

In 1913, the city seat was moved to Linha Nova, the location of the present-day city center. At this time, Gramado was an unincorporated city within the city of Taquara. A railway, brought by Gramado's founder and first administrator, José Nicoletti Filho, arrived in the city in 1921, boosting the local economy. Gramado officially became a city in 1937, when Gramado was already known as a summer holiday resort. Gramado became a city on 15 December 1954 by force of State Act 2,522.

Politics and government
Gramado Government is in a strong mayor-council government model, as set forth by the Brazilian Constitution of 1988. Elections for both mayoral and legislative offices are held every fourth year. The Mayor may seek reelection once, while Councilmen have no restriction on terms they may serve.

Executive branch
Executive powers are held by the Mayor of Gramado, who appoints a Cabinet, the heads of several municipal bodies and members of the Planning Commission. The current Mayor is Nestor Tissot (PP) elected in 2008. The current Deputy Mayor is Luia Barbacovi. In the election of 2016 the opposition candidate won, thereby Fedoca Bertolucci takes the City Hall on 1 January 2017.

Open spaces
Gramado has several green areas. Among the most important are Black Lake, Communications Square, Knorr Park, Orchard Park, Major Nicoletti Square and Roses Square.

Lago Negro
Lago Negro (Black Lake) is the most known, visited green area of Gramado. It was created in 1953 by Leopoldo Rosenfeld on an area containing a large concentration of hydrangeas, hence the name the Hydrangeas' Region. It was named Black Lake because Rosenfeld imported the trees surrounding the lake from Germany's Black Forest. This area had been destroyed by fire in 1942.

A creek was dammed up to create a U-shaped lake. Rosenfeld imported pine seedlings from the Black Forest in Germany to be planted all around the newly formed lake's rim.

Lago Negro is a 1.6 kilometers away from the Town Hall. There is a boathouse, working daily from 08:30 to 19:00, where you can rent swan boats to tour the lake, concession stands, public restrooms, and a small craftsmen fair nearby.

The city is in a mountain range, averaging 850 meters above sea level. Visitors from the Northern Hemisphere mid-latitudes may notice several tree species (including Red Maple, American Sweetgum and American Tuliptree) common to their home territory in cultivation here, flourishing among the native Parana Pine. Hydrangeas blossom in late spring.

Climate
The climate is maritime temperate with mild summer (Cfb, according to the Köppen climate classification). The summers are not usually hot, with temperatures around 22 C. There are some hotter days, but with always pleasant evenings, moderated by mountain air and forests. Winters are cool, with temperatures sometimes falling below 0 C, heavy frosts and occasional snowfall.

Culture and tourism

 * Festival de Gramado, a major South American film festival and Gramado's most important event;
 * Natal Luz, Christmas festival, the largest in Brazil.
 * Festa da Colônia, event that celebrates the immigration history of the region.

Gramado is served by Canela Airport, located in the municipality of Canela, 8 km away.

Twin towns – sister cities
Gramado is twinned with:
 * Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal
 * 🇮🇹 Levico Terme, Italy
 * 🇺🇾 Maldonado, Uruguay
 * Óbidos, Portugal
 * 🇦🇷 Bariloche, Argentina
 * 🇨🇱 Puerto Varas, Chile

title: Gramado


text:
User talk:Bad girl 1701

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. Fire Star 22:40, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

Alexandra Paris
maybe you would consider not commenting on every vote to delete the article. i don't agree with your argument; repeating it hasn't added clarity or persuasiveness. i also think the article, apart from the subject's notability, is terrible. SaltyPig 12:47, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

Whatever! It's called censorship and you know it! -- Bad girl 1701

 * Bad girl 1701, let's leave that subject for a moment and get you some wikipedia wheels for basics, okay? a few things:
 * it's doubleplus ungood form to edit a user page other than your own. i'm moving your comments from my user page to my user talk page. please don't edit my user page; rather, respond (if you wish) on my talk page. thanks.
 * you can sign and timestamp your comments easily by putting four tildes ( ~ ) after your comments. they will be converted when you preview/save.
 * indenting on talk pages helps others read your comments. you can indent with colons (e.g., :, ::, :::), depending on how far in you want to go.

 * onto your claim of censorship. i agree with you. censorship can be a very good thing when it's done on private property by the property owner or his agent(s). yes, users are attempting to delete your pet page. there are guidelines here at wikipedia, a site which neither you nor i own. it's not "do whatever you want". a little secret some might want to deny: if the alexandra paris article had been edited drastically, the VfD might never have happened. maybe you can devote your energy to doing that now. perhaps look at some successful articles on wikipedia and emulate them. BTW, talent is not necessarily required for notability — an assumption you appear to have made. i seriously, and in good faith, suggest looking into the information in the following belated welcome. it can take a while to adjust to the wikipedia environment, and the info can help. SaltyPig 13:29, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! SaltyPig 13:29, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Removing content
Please stop removing content from Wikipedia. It is considered vandalism. If you want to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you. -JoanneB 13:12, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

Please stop. If you continue to vandalize pages, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia. SaltyPig 13:36, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

Censorship
Please understand that removing articles from Wikipedia has nothing to do with censorship. Wikipedia is not intended to be censored at all. The pages on verifiability and importance should help you understand why people are voting to delete. Hope this helps. Friday (talk) 16:22, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

Wikilinks vs. hyperlinks
Hello, I'm attempting to clean up the page Alexandra Paris so that it might stand a chance of surviving WP:VfD. I just wanted to point out to you that there's no reason why you need to explicitly declare the URL for each website. For example the wikicode:

Physics

and simply

Physics

Note that the second option is actually preferable because it will omit the odd box with an arrow pointing out of it, which is distracting. Compare: Physics versus Physics

Will both create a wikilink to the article on physics. If suppose you wanted to link to the physics article, but didn't want the link to read "physics" you can use the structure:

An article on physics

To create an hyperlink that links to the physics article but looks like: An article on physics.

Anyway, welcome to wikipedia and I hope you find these tips helpful.

-SocratesJedi | Talk 22:24, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

Paris Hilton
Several editors appear to be upset about your edits at Paris Hilton. Removing large amounts of content from established articles is often controversial. Discussing these things ahead of time on the talk pages is the best accepted way of making changes like this.

You should be aware of the one revert rule. Putting back in changes that another editor objects to is often considered bad behavior. Talk pages are used to resolve edit disagreements. If revert warring gets completely out of hand (such as by and editor making more than 3 reverts to a single article in 24 hours), editors can be temporarily blocked for it. I think you mean well, but you're new here and I don't want to see you get blocked by not understanding how things work here. Hope this helps. Friday (talk) 03:29, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

c'mon back, BG
we didn't mean to scare ya away! come back and we'll work on an article together. i'll be so nice you won't recognize me. SaltyPig 03:35, 8 September 2005 (UTC)

 * bad girl? SaltyPig 17:27, 9 September 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Bad girl 1701


text:
Jérôme Ben Aoues

Jérôme Ben Aoues has been practising parkour since he met Sébastien Foucan, almost immediately after the creation of the popular movement art parkour. He has starred in 4 movies/documentaries, Yamakasi - Les samouraï des temps modernes, Jump London, Jump Britain and The Making of Jump Britain.

title: Jérôme Ben Aoues


text:
Talk:Robert Bauval

Untitled
I'm fairly sure Bauval must have attended either the British Boy's School or (more probably) the British Boys' School, not the British Boys's School as the article currently states, but I don't know which one is correct. Binabik80 22:40, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

 * corrected to " Boys' ".--cjllw | TALK  04:17, 24 November 2005 (UTC)

Recently paid a predatory publisher to publish an article with Robert Schoch
See this. Doug Weller talk 19:16, 6 August 2017 (UTC)

Unsourced content
"In late 1992, Bauval had been trying to obtain a translation of Hermetica by Walter Scott. He then came across a new edition printed by Solo Press with a foreword by Adrian Gilbert.[1] Bauval contacted Gilbert after being interested in his foreword concerning a link between an Alexandrine school of Hermes Trismegistus and the pyramid builders of the Fourth dynasty of Egypt."

The reference given for the second sentence is a link to the book, this supports only that Adrian Gilbert wrote a forward for a book (not even really a reliable third party source for that). The rest of this charming story is completely unsourced as it is not encyclopedic to boot, it should go.

"which became an international bestseller"

The source calls the books written by Hancock and Bauval "best sellers" not "international best sellers" seems unsourced puffery.

A good deal of content tagged citation needed for three years remains uncited. A substantial trimming seems in order. MrBill3 (talk) 08:29, 23 December 2017 (UTC)

Review of Black Genesis in Antiquity Magazine.
Here. The conclusion: "As I plowed through the book, it is this that I struggled with the most. It was not the convoluted reasoning that would probably have killed my undergrad Jesuit logic professor. It was not the calculated exclusion of well-accepted regional archaeological knowledge. It was not the subtle (and often not so subtle) implications that archaeologists are purposefully obscuring “the truth.” Instead it was how best to separate the illogical, unsubstantiated, and often downright crazy assertions from some of these more thorny (and valid) underlying disciplinary issues without ascribing any measure of genuine authority or expertise to the authors, because, let me tell you, they sure do not deserve any." And earlier in the review:

"the authors engineer the “simple truth” of their argument by totally neglecting to discuss current research in the Neolithic and Predynastic of the Nile Valley (and immediately surrounding area). They also completely neglect to discuss any of the research carried out by the Combined Prehistoric Expedition on other sites in the region, such as the Middle Paleolithic site of Bir Tarfawi, the Upper Paleolithic site of Wadi Kubbaniya, or the wealth of Neolithic sites in the Bir Kiseiba and Bir Abu Hussein regions, all of which would complicate the tottering house of cards they have constructed." Doug Weller talk 11:30, 19 February 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Robert Bauval


text:
User:Katie Parlante

New to wikipedia, I'm getting my feet wet by filling out the Pulitzer Prize by year pages. Arguably this ought to be automated, but I'm having fun and learning about wikipedia.

I'm a software developer, working at the Open Source Applications Foundation building Chandler.

title: User:Katie Parlante


text:
Synthetic intelligence

Synthetic intelligence (SI) is an alternative/opposite term for artificial intelligence emphasizing that the intelligence of machines need not be an imitation or in any way artificial; it can be a genuine form of intelligence. John Haugeland proposes an analogy with simulated diamonds and synthetic diamonds—only the synthetic diamond is truly a diamond. Synthetic means that which is produced by synthesis, combining parts to form a whole; colloquially, a human-made version of that which has arisen naturally. A "synthetic intelligence" would therefore be or appear human-made, but not a simulation.

Definition
The term was used by Haugeland in 1986 to describe artificial intelligence research up to that point, which he called "good old fashioned artificial intelligence" or "GOFAI". AI's first generation of researchers firmly believed their techniques would lead to real, human-like intelligence in machines. After the first AI winter, many AI researchers shifted their focus from artificial general intelligence to finding solutions for specific individual problems, such as machine learning, an approach to which some popular sources refer as "weak AI" or "applied AI."

The term "synthetic AI" is now sometimes used by researchers in the field to separate their work (using subsymbolism, emergence, Psi-Theory, or other relatively new methods to define and create "true" intelligence) from previous attempts, particularly those of GOFAI or weak AI.

Sources disagree about exactly what constitutes "real" intelligence as opposed to "simulated" intelligence and therefore whether there is a meaningful distinction between artificial intelligence and synthetic intelligence. Russell and Norvig present this example:
 * 1) "Can machines fly?" The answer is yes, because airplanes fly.
 * 2) "Can machines swim?" The answer is no, because submarines don't swim.
 * 3) "Can machines think?" Is this question like the first, or like the second?

Drew McDermott firmly believes that "thinking" should be construed like "flying". While discussing the electronic chess champion Deep Blue, he argues "Saying Deep Blue doesn't really think about chess is like saying an airplane doesn't really fly because it doesn't flap its wings." Edsger Dijkstra agrees that some find "the question whether machines can think as relevant as the question whether submarines can swim."

John Searle, on the other hand, suggests that a thinking machine is, at best, a simulation, and writes "No one supposes that computer simulations of a five-alarm fire will burn the neighborhood down or that a computer simulation of a rainstorm will leave us all drenched." The essential difference between a simulated mind and a real mind is one of the key points of his Chinese room argument.

Daniel Dennett believes that this is basically a disagreement about semantics, peripheral to the central questions of the philosophy of artificial intelligence. He notes that even a chemically perfect imitation of a Chateau Latour is still a fake, but that any vodka is real, no matter who made it. Similarly, a perfect, molecule-by-molecule recreation of an original Picasso would be considered a "forgery", but any image of the Coca-Cola logo is completely real and subject to trademark laws. Russell and Norvig comment "we can conclude that in some cases, the behavior of an artifact is important, while in others it is the artifact's pedigree that matters. Which one is important in which case seems to be a matter of convention. But for artificial minds, there is no convention."

title: Synthetic intelligence


text:
The Venetian Macao

The Venetian Macao, is a hotel and casino resort in Macau, China owned by the American Las Vegas Sands company. The 39-story structure on Macau's Cotai Strip has 10500000 sqft of floor space, and is modeled on its sister casino resort The Venetian Las Vegas. It is the largest casino in the world, the largest single structure hotel in Asia, and the tenth-largest building in the world by floor area.

The main hotel tower was finished in July 2007, and the resort officially opened on 28 August 2007. It has 3,000 suites, 1200000 sqft of convention space, 1600000 sqft of retail space, and 550000 sqft of casino space (with 3,400 slot machines, 800 gambling tables), and the 15,000-seat Cotai Arena for entertainment and sports events.

Its lead architects were Aedas and HKS, Inc., who were responsible for its design, coordination and implementation.

Location
The Venetian is located on Macau's Cotai Strip, an area that includes a dozen multibillion dollar resorts, a private university campus, and the Macau garrison of the People's Liberation Army.

The Venetian was built on reclaimed land and its foundation is supported by 1,530 concrete pilings.

Facilities
The Venetian's facilities include 3,000 hotel rooms, 300 retail stores, an indoor canal, a clinic, a spa, and a gymnasium.

Casino

The casino measures 546000 sqft. It is further divided into four themed gaming areas:

 * Golden Fish
 * Imperial House
 * Red Dragon
 * Phoenix

The casino contains slot machines and gambling tables.

The attached hotel contains a club called Paiza Club which is reserved for premium guests. The gaming area of the Paiza Club is divided into individual private gaming rooms each named for notable Asian cities and regions such as Yunnan, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, Singapore and Kuala Lumpur.

Cotai Arena
The Venetian has a 15,000 seat arena. It is used for hosting large indoor functions such as sporting events like basketball, tennis, and boxing, as well as concerts and international televised awards shows. Events are held year-round.

The Cotai Arena has 4 levels:

 * 1) Event Level
 * 2) Main Concourse
 * 3) Upper Concourse
 * 4) VIP Level

Transportation
The Venetian Macao is within walking distance from Cotai West Station on the Taipa section of the Macau Light Rapid Transit that serves the Cotai Strip and the larger area of Cotai.

The Venetian also operates a private bus fleet.

Controversies
On 12 November 2008, the gates were locked to the construction labor force from a variety of Asian countries as projects were suspended. Hsin Chong, the project manager for the Venetian, laid off approximately 400 staff. As many workers had been there for less than two years, no severance was due. The next day, Sands' president for Asia announced that up to 11,000 workers would be losing their jobs as the company was halting building projects in Macau.

In 2010 the Chinese press reported that authorities had found more than 100 prostitutes inside the casino as part of a "sex-trade crackdown".

In early 2011 the United States Department of Justice and the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission initiated an investigation into the Las Vegas Sands Corporation with respect to the compliance of its Macao properties with the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. In 2016, the Las Vegas Sands Corporation settled a civil lawsuit brought by the U.S. SEC over the allegations and paid $9 million. It paid a further $6.96 million in 2017 to settle criminal allegations made by the U.S. DOJ.

title: The Venetian Macao


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Acopa

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete (3-0). Scimitar parley 18:53, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

Acopa
Advertising. The website has an alexa ranking of 2,860,510, the search acopa shoes gets 173 unique hits. Zoe 22:42, August 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Advert and dic def. Flowerparty  talk 00:44, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per Flowerparty. *drew 02:06, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Acopa


text:
Little Grand Rapids

Little Grand Rapids is a community in east central Manitoba, Canada, near the Ontario border. It is located approximately 280 kilometers or 173 miles north-northeast from Winnipeg, Manitoba.

It is a fly-in community, with only a winter road. Planes fly into Little Grand Rapids Airport. It features a Royal Canadian Mounted Police detachment and a Northern Store.

It is at the mouth of the Berens River on Family Lake, which is part of the Lake Winnipeg watershed.

Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Little Grand Rapids had a population of 0 living in 0 of its 0 total private dwellings, a change of NaN% from its 2016 population of 15. With a land area of 1.47 km2, it had a population density of in 2021.

History
In 1801, the Hudson's Bay Company established a wintering post called Big Fall or Great Fall in the area, reporting to Osnaburgh House. It operated until 1805, and again from at least 1816 to 1821.

In 1865, the outpost was reestablished by William McKay, and was called Grand Rapid, named after the rapids on the Berens River. It was supplied from York Factory until 1871, and then from Winnipeg via Lake Winnipeg and the Berens River. In 1888, it became a full trading post and renamed to Little Grand Rapids in order to distinguish it from Grand Rapids post on the west side of Lake Winnipeg.

In the early 20th century, the outposts at Pikangikum, Deer Lake, and Poplar River were operated from the Little Grand Rapids post. In 1921, the last York boat was used to supply the post from Berens River. In 1941, a lightning fire destroyed all the buildings and the post was rebuilt half a mile to the east.

In 1959, the post became part of the HBC Northern Stores Department, which was divested by HBC in 1987 to The North West Company, which still operates a Northern Store in Little Grand Rapids.

title: Little Grand Rapids


text: Talk:Time (album)

title: Talk:Time (album)


text: User talk:69.205.1.91

title: User talk:69.205.1.91


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Tennis at the 1924 Summer Olympics

Final results of the tennis competition at the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris, France. After the 1924 Olympics, the tennis competition would be dropped until 1988. The mixed doubles competition did not return until the 2012 Olympics.

Participating nations
There were 124 tennis players from 27 countries.

title: Tennis at the 1924 Summer Olympics


text:
User:Whlee

Interest
Real-time strategy computer games such as Warcraft, Dune (computer game) (Dune II and Emperor: Battle for Dune)

Historiography of the Far-East(Korea, Japan, China, Mongolia and Maritime Province of Russia)

Barnstar
From : FireFox 13:36, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

de:Benutzer:Whlee fr:Utilisateur:Whlee ko:사용자:Whlee nl:Gebruiker:Whlee ja:利用者:Whlee zh:User:Whlee

title: User:Whlee


text:
Tom-Yum-Goong

Tom-Yum-Goong (Thai: ต้มยำกุ้ง, ) is a 2005 Thai martial arts film directed by Prachya Pinkaew and stars Tony Jaa in the lead role. Pinkaew also directed Jaa's prior breakout film Ong-Bak. As with Ong-Bak, the fights were choreographed by Jaa and his mentor Panna Rittikrai.

The film was distributed as Warrior King in the United Kingdom, as The Protector in the United States, as Thai Dragon in Spain, as Revenge of the Warrior in Germany, and as Honor of the Dragon in Russia and CIS countries. In India, it was named as Haathi Mere Saathi from a name of another Bollywood film starring Rajesh Khanna.

Plot
Kham is the last of a family line of guards who once watched over the King of Thailand's war elephants. Following the tradition, Kham takes great care in raising the animals and grows up forming close relations to his elephant Por Yai and its calf Kohrn. During the Songkran festival, the animals are stolen by elephant poachers with the help from Mr. Suthep, a local MP and his son. Kham raids Mr. Suthep's house and beats up the poachers.

However, the elephants are now in the hands of Johnny, a Vietnamese gangster who runs Tom Yum Goong Otob, a Thai restaurant in Sydney, Australia. Kham arrives in Sydney and is immediately taken hostage by a wanted thief. Sydney police officers Mark, a Thai-Australian and his partner Rick corner the thief, who holds Kham at gunpoint. However, Inspector Vincent shoots the thief dead and then arrests Kham, accusing him of being another thief. In the car, Kham spots Johnny at Tom Yum Goong, where he becomes erratic and urges Mark and Rick to arrest Johnny, but to no avail. After causing the car to crash, Kham escapes and follows Johnny, who flees, forcing him to fight his henchmen.

Kham coerces a henchman to lead him to Johnny's hideout, interrupting a drug deal. Outraged, Johnny summons extreme sports enthusiasts to fight Kham. After defeating the thugs, Kham is exhausted and falls asleep in an alley. Pla, a prostitute that Kham met while confronting Johnny, brings him to her apartment. Mark and Rick are taken off the case and reassigned to provide security for the police commissioner's meeting with Mr. Sim. In that meeting, Pla acts as a hostess girl and dancer to the two men. Mr. Sim and police commissioner are murdered by someone hired by Vincent. However, the murder is caught on the commissioner's camera.

Vincent kills Rick and puts the blame on Mark, who is later captured. With Pla's help, Kham enters Tom Yum Goong Otob, where he fights his way into the VIP area and reaches the dining hall at the top. In the protection of his men, Johnny taunts Kham with Kohrn's bell. Enraged, Kham beats up his opponents and enters the storage area, where it contains various exotic animals ready to be butchered and eaten. Kham finds and frees Mark and Kohrn, escaping minutes before the police arrive. Vincent initiates a search for Kham and Mark, who are hiding at a Buddhist monastery. Soon after their departure, the monastery is set on fire by Vincent and his men.

Believing that the temple and its inhabitants might be in danger, Mark and Kham decide to return. After arriving, Kham is confronted by three assassins: a fierce capoeirista, a sword-wielding wushu expert, and T.K., a giant wrestler. Kham defeats the first two, but T.K. proves too strong for him. Kham is about to be killed when the police arrive, and Mark comes to help him flee. Mark is later discovered by several policemen and sent to deal with Vincent, who is revealed to behind the murder of police commissioner. Kham arrives at a hall where Madame Rose, the leader of the Chinese gang, is having a press conference. Kohrn runs in, scaring off people while Kham engages the gangsters. Mark apprehends Vincent, who is later shot by Johnny.

Finding himself with Kohrn in a huge room, Kham is shown the skeleton of Por Yai, encrusted with jewels as a gift to Madame Rose. Kham fights Madame Rose's men and brutally breaks many of the men's arms and legs. T.K., along with three others are called. Kohrn is thrown through a glass wall and Kham is knocked into the elephant ornament, causing two leg bones to fall off. Eventually, Kham defeats T.K. and other wrestlers by using the sharp ends of the bones to slice their tendons, where he stops Madame Rose before she can escape in a helicopter and they both crash into the room below. Kham's fall is broken by Por Yai's tusks. At the end, Mark is forgiven by Inspector Lamond and Kham is finally reunited with Kohrn.

Cast

 * Tony Jaa as Kham,
 * Nutdanai Kong as a young Kham
 * Sotorn Rungruaeng as Kham's father
 * Petchtai Wongkamlao as Sergeant Mark
 * Bongkoj Khongmalai as Pla, a call girl.
 * Xing Jin as Madame Rose, a transsexual member of a Chinese gang in Sydney.
 * Damian De Montemas as Inspector Vincent.
 * David Asavanond as Rick, Sergeant Mark's partner.
 * Nathan Jones (credited as Nathan B. Jones) as T.K., a giant wrestler.
 * Johnny Tri Nguyen as Johnny, a Vietnamese gangster and a subordinate of Madame Rose.
 * Lateef Crowder as a capoeirista
 * Jon Foo (Jonathan Patrick Foo) as a wushu exponent.

Cameo appearances

 * Pumwaree Yodkamol as a Thai tourist in a Sydney street scene.
 * Wannakit Sirioput as Mark's new partner.
 * An impressionist portrays Jackie Chan, whom Kham briefly encounters at the airport in Sydney.
 * Another impressionist portrays Thai rocker Sek Loso, the pitchman for the M-150 energy drink.
 * Actors Don Ferguson, Erik Markus Schuetz, Lex de Groot (uncredited) and Damian Mavis (uncredited) appear as bodyguards.
 * Strongmans Heinz Ollesch, Phil Pfister, and Rene Minkwitz appear as wrestlers.

Technical aspects
Compared to Ong-Bak: Muay Thai Warrior, which was noted for its lack of wirework and CGI, this movie uses CGI in several scenes, from the obvious (helicopter scene, and an entirely computer-animated dream sequence), to the subtle (a glass window shattering in the four-minute steadicam long take that follows Jaa up several flights of stairs as he dispatches thug after thug in dramatic fashion).

The largest example of CGI is Tony Jaa's dramatic leap from the top of a building to attack Madame Rose with a double knee attack. While the background was blue screen with the Australian backdrop added in post production, the long fall shown on screen was real as Jaa and a stuntperson pulled the scene off, landing on large mats below. Even in scenes like this with blue screen, normally a stunt double would be called in for the lead actor, but Jaa once again made sure he did the stunt himself.

Fighting styles
Tony Jaa and Panna Rittikrai created a new style of Muay Thai for this movie called muay kodchasaan (มวยคชสาร roughly translated as "elephant boxing"), emphasizing grappling moves. "I wanted to show the art of the elephant combined with muay Thai," Tony told the Associated Press in an interview, adding that the moves imitate how an elephant would defend itself, with the arms acting as the trunk.

Stuntwork
Many aspiring stuntmen sent demo tapes, hoping to be cast in the film. An American stunt actor was cast but did not properly take the impact and was injured on the first take. "He kicked me, I used my arm to block his kick, and he fell down hard," Tony told the Associated Press.

However, no one was hospitalized in the making of the film, with injuries limited to "bumps and bruises, muscle tears, a little something like that. Nothing major," Tony said.

The fights include duels with:
 * Wushu practitioner (portrayed by John Foo).
 * A Vietnamese triad captain (portrayed by Spider-man stunt double Johnny Nguyen).
 * A capoeirista (portrayed by Lateef Crowder of the ZeroGravity stunt team).
 * An extraordinarily large and strong bodyguard (portrayed by former WWE wrestler Nathan Jones).
 * A whip-wielding triad boss (portrayed by world-renowned ballerina Jing Xing).
 * Two taekwondo fighters (portrayed by Daniel O'Neill and Dean Alexandrou) in a deleted two-vs-one scene in the temple.

Alternative versions
International sales rights (outside Asia) were purchased by TF1, which made suggestions for re-editing to director Prachya Pinkaew, who then made some cuts that slightly reduce the film's running time from its original 108 minutes.

The UK title is Warrior King, and the theatrical release was on 28 July 2006. In France and Belgium, the title is L'Honneur du dragon, and in the Netherlands and other European it is Honour of the Dragon. In Cambodia, the film is called Neak Prodal Junboth. In India, it was named Haathi Mere Saathi (literally elephant, my partner), from a name of another Bollywood film starring Rajesh Khanna.

Deleted scenes
A two-vs-one fight scene taking place in the burning temple near the end of the film was deleted from currently released versions of the film. The taekwondo sequence, featuring Dean Alexandrou and Daniel O'Neill is shown in part in nearly all promotional trailers for the film, but was cut due to unknown reasons from the final release. However footage can be seen in the making-of featurettes, and some behind-the-scenes VCDs. The two bodies are seen to mysteriously appear on the temple floor, near the beginning of the temple fight scene.

Prachya Pinkaew stated that he trimmed several of the fight scenes due to their length. Some of these include the sequence on the bridge in Sydney, when Kham confronts Johnny and his henchmen for the first time. One can see in certain trailers Kham launching himself off of the shoulders of one henchmen to elbow the other one. Another sequence that he trimmed considerably was the warehouse fight scene.

In the U.S. release of Tom-Yum-Goong, where it was named The Protector, there is a deleted scene of Kham beginning his ambush of the house party by the criminal group who stole his elephants. In all of its releases, the fight sequence begins with Tony Jaa throwing a henchman down the stairs. But this deleted scene shows where the fight really began.

US release
The Weinstein Company purchased the U.S. distribution rights for Tom-Yum-Goong and retitled it The Protector (also the name of a 1985 film starring Jackie Chan). This version was released theatrically on 8 September 2006. It was released in January 2007 on DVD on The Weinstein Company's Dragon Dynasty label in a two-disc set that includes both the U.S. edit and the original Thai version of the film.

For the US theatrical cut, the film's length was reduced by at least 25 minutes, going so far as to trim down some of the fight scenes, even though it was given an "R" rating restricting audiences to people aged 17 and over. Out of all cuts outside of Thailand, it is the shortest cut of the film, even more so than the European cuts. It also features a new score by RZA. Some parts of the missing footage (including cuts to the "bone breaker" fight and Madame Rose envisioning herself in a red dress as queen) appeared in the U.S. trailer and TV Spots.

Also, The Protector is partially subtitled and partially dubbed, with all of Jaa's dialogue subtitled. Several changes were made to the plot through editing and subtitles that did not match the spoken Thai and Chinese dialogue.

Changes that were made to the US theatrical release include:
 * The historical role of the Thai warriors is given in more detail in the opening prologue
 * Scenes of TV reporters given tour of Sydney by Sgt. Mark are removed.
 * Scenes of Sgt. Mark handling robbery and releasing the would-be assassin are removed.
 * Kham's father, rather than being injured, died by the gunshot.
 * Tony Jaa's lines now include "You killed my father!"
 * Madame Rose loses face and is denied a "security" contract over bad turtle soup instead of the Chinese business leader's refusal to deal because of bad terms.
 * Madame Rose's transsexuality is never mentioned.
 * The ending has been trimmed to imply that Madame Rose is dead rather than just injured after her fall through the roof.
 * Johnny does not return to kill Vincent after Vincent was apprehended by Mark.
 * Exposition is given to further explain the cutting of tendons to defeat the bruisers at the end.
 * The ending epilogue given by Sgt. Mark in the US version is significantly different and nobler than the Thai version, which is whimsical and comic relief in tone and is much less concerned with resolution.

Box office
Tom-Yum-Goong opened in Thailand on 11 August 2005, and grossed US$1,609,720 in its first weekend and was No. 1 at the Thai box office (normally dominated by Hollywood imports) for two weeks in a row. It ended its Thai run with US$4,417,800, blockbuster business by Thai standards.

The Weinstein Company released Tom-Yum-Goong in North America in a heavily edited version entitled The Protector, which was the third release by their Dragon Dynasty label. It was also given the "Quentin Tarantino Presents" brand, which had proven lucrative in the past for films like Hero and Hostel. It opened in 1,541 cinemas on 8 September 2006 and ranked No. 4 in its opening weekend, grossing $5,034,180 ($3,226 per screen). It ended its run with $12,044,087. In the US, it ranks 67th among martial arts films and 14th among foreign films.

The film's total worldwide box office gross is US$25,715,096. It is the most successful Thai film released in the US.

Critical response
On Review aggregator website, Rotten Tomatoes gives the American edit of the film a score of 53% out of 91 reviews, with an average rating of 5.5/10. The critical consensus reads, "Despite some impressive fight scenes, this trimmed-down version of the Thai action pic is an off-putting mix of scant plot, choppy editing, and confusing subtitles and dubbing."

High On Films gave a positive review and wrote "Tom-Yum-Goong ranks amongst the finest exhibitions of martial arts in cinema, and is definitely worth a shot." Combat sports and striking analyst Jack Slack has written that Tony Jaa's multiple attackers scene in the film is "the best fight in movie history".

Sequel
A sequel titled Tom Yum Goong 2 was released in 2013 and was also released in US as The Protector 2.

title: Tom-Yum-Goong