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Colonel Homer

"Colonel Homer" is the twentieth episode of the third season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on Fox in the United States on March 26, 1992. In the episode, Homer and Marge quarrel after he embarrasses her at a movie theater. Later Homer visits a redneck bar, where he discovers Lurleen Lumpkin, a talented singer-songwriter, waiting tables. Homer becomes her manager, unaware she has fallen in love with him. When Marge grows upset because she suspects Homer is cheating on her, he must remain faithful to her after Lurleen makes romantic advances toward him.

The episode was written by The Simpsons creator Matt Groening, and directed by Mark Kirkland. It is the only episode of the series for which Groening received an individual writing credit. American singer and actress Beverly D'Angelo guest starred in the episode as Lurleen. Although the character makes several cameos after this episode, Lurleen makes her second full-time appearance sixteen years later in "Papa Don't Leech". The episode features cultural references to songs such as "Funkytown" by Lipps Inc. and "There's a Kind of Hush (All Over the World)" by Herman's Hermits, and the films Deliverance, Look Who's Talking and Honey, I Shrunk the Kids.

Since airing, "Colonel Homer" has received mostly positive reviews from television critics. It attained a Nielsen rating of 14.8, and was the highest-rated show on Fox the week it aired. The episode was selected for inclusion in a video collection of selected episodes, titled The Last Temptation of Homer, which was released on November 9, 1998. An action figure set based on "Colonel Homer" was released in March 2002, and two of Lurleen's songs from the episode appeared on the Simpsons compilation album Songs in the Key of Springfield.

Plot
The Simpsons visit the local multiplex. After Homer makes distracting sounds and loudly reveals the film's ending to the audience, Marge berates him and the other patrons heckle and pelt him with refreshments. Marge tries to apologize on the way home, but Homer informs her: "Marge, I have always carried myself with a certain quiet dignity. Tonight you robbed me of it." He drops Marge and the children at home and drives into the night.

Homer stops at a redneck bar, where an attractive waitress and singer-songwriter named Lurleen performs country songs on stage. Her song "Your Wife Don’t Understand You" resonates with Homer; he drives to her mobile home several days later to beg a copy. When Lurleen reveals she has not recorded the song, Homer persuades her to join him at a recording booth, after which they are approached by a representative for a local country station. Lurleen's songs are instant hits.

Marge disapproves of Homer seeing Lurleen because she fears they will form a romantic relationship. Her fears increase after Homer becomes Lurleen's manager, and she buys him an expensive white cowboy suit, which he wears at home. Homer denies having an affair with Lurleen, but insists he will manage her career, with or without Marge's approval. Marge becomes angry when Homer gambles his whole family's future by using the life savings to pay for a recording studio for Lurleen, and her new single, a suggestive love song called "Bagged Me a Homer", angers her further.

Homer gets Lurleen a gig on the country western television show Ya-Hoo! Homer and Lurleen spend the night before her performance in her mobile home. She sings a new song, "Bunk With Me Tonight", adding it has a "secret message"; he belatedly realizes that she is trying to seduce him. Rather than violate his marital vows, he leaves.

During Lurleen's performance, Homer is approached by a business agent who asks to buy Lurleen's contract, but he refuses. When Homer becomes locked in an embrace with Lurleen in her dressing room, his love life flashes before his eyes, and he remembers Marge saying she will always love him. Homer tells Lurleen that he only wanted to share her voice with the world, and leaves to avoid committing adultery. He sees the agent again outside the dressing room and sells him Lurleen's contract for $50.

Marge is watching Ya-Hoo! in bed when Homer returns. Lurleen's new song "Stand By Your Manager" reveals what Homer did – and did not – do with her; she sings "I hope that Marge knows/ Just how lucky she is." Marge says "I do"; she forgives Homer and they kiss passionately.

Writing and directing
The episode was written by series creator Matt Groening, the only episode (discounting the Tracey Ullman shorts) for which he received an individual writing credit, though he has co-written for the episodes "Some Enchanted Evening", "The Telltale Head", and "22 Short Films About Springfield". "Colonel Homer" was partly based on Coal Miner's Daughter (1980), which tells the story of country singer Loretta Lynn. Groening said he had always wanted to write an episode in which Homer is offered a chance between being rich and famous and being with his family, and chooses his family in the end. He pitched the idea to the writers of the show, who suggested the parody of Coal Miner's Daughter and that Homer should become a manager of a country singer.

Showrunner Mike Reiss was originally skeptical about the episode, as he did not think Homer could get a new job when he already had a full-time job at the Springfield Nuclear Power Plant. Reiss eventually gave in, but in future episodes the writers tried to develop the explanation that he got fired from the plant and then rehired at the end. Groening said that during the episode production, he received comments from the production team that Homer was acting like a "jerk" in it, but his explanation was that Homer's behavior was due to his desire to make Lurleen a star and he was oblivious to her attempts to seduce him until the end. Mike Reiss stated that "Whenever we want to write stories about characters getting divorced or actually having an affair, rather than with Homer and Marge, which we could never do, we use secondary characters for that."

Mark Kirkland, said he enjoyed directing the episode because the characters' emotions throughout it are "very human and real". He believed many viewers watching the episode would recognize the emotions from experiences in their own lives, and would feel sympathy for the characters. The idea of Homer annoying the people at the movie theater was based on an experience Groening had with a friend of his when he was younger. They were sitting by themselves in a movie theater and two "annoying" women sat down right in front of them. Groening's friend told the women to move and they did. One of the women then turned to Groening and his friend and said, "Now are you satisfied?", to which Groening's friend replied: "I won't be satisfied until I see you burn in hell."

Voice acting and music
American singer and actress Beverly D'Angelo guest starred in the episode as Lurleen Lumpkin. The actress first met Groening at a party at Frank Zappa's house, and was called in to audition for Lurleen based on her performance as Patsy Cline in Coal Miner's Daughter. She got the role after completing a singing test. D'Angelo wrote two songs for the episode: "Your Wife Don't Understand You" (which Lurleen sings at the Beer 'N' Brawl where Homer hears her for the first time) and "Bagged Me a Homer". D'Angelo wrote both songs in an hour and presented them to Groening at the episode's table read. Unlike most other guest stars on The Simpsons who record their lines and then leave to accommodate their schedule, D'Angelo stayed with the production team all day and pitched several jokes for the episode. Entertainment Weekly named D'Angelo's performance as Lurleen one of the sixteen best guest appearances on The Simpsons. Tom Nawrocki of Rolling Stone rated the songs D'Angelo wrote as two of the best songs in the history of the show.

Animation

The episode marks the debut appearance of Lurleen on The Simpsons. She was created by one of the show's character designers, John Rice. Kirkland thought the first design Rice drew of Lurleen was too "bland" and "plain", so they decided to model her after D'Angelo and add "every kind of pretty girl cliché" into the design. Rice and Kirkland then sent the character to Groening, who sent back a note saying "wow". Reiss's showrunner partner Al Jean said that "one of the most difficult things when translating real people to a Simpsons look is for women to look beautiful", as the Simpson overbite and facial construction make it particularly difficult to design women's looks. Lurleen's last name, Lumpkin, came from the country bumpkin character Tony Lumpkin in the 1773 comedy play She Stoops to Conquer by Oliver Goldsmith.

Bart's voice actor, Nancy Cartwright, wrote in her autobiography My Life as a 10-Year-Old Boy that the episode's script gives the audience a "visual and aural feast". She said the background designers "must have gone on another field trip for this one" because they captured the look of a typical musical recording studio. The recording studio in the episode, where Lurleen records her new songs with the Simpson family, features two rooms, one for the artist and one for the engineer, with a pane of glass between them. Cartwright said the designers added their own "special touch" by putting a few cracks on the walls, designing a slightly dilapidated ceiling, and by making it look as if the soundproofing on the walls is falling off. The property designers went on a field trip to Sun Studio to receive inspiration for the props in the recording studio, such as the "in session" red light, the mixing board, the musical instruments, and the volume-unit meters which indicate how loud the artist is singing. For the interior design of the recording studio, the color designers mixed colors such as orange, mauve, gray, and brown to make them complement each other. The colors in the engineer's booth were darker to make Homer's white suit stand out from the background. The appearance of the engineer at the recording studio was based on John Boylan, an American music producer who produced the highly successful album The Simpsons Sing the Blues. Lurleen's mobile home was designed to be "very confined" and "tiny" so that the compositions of Homer and Lurleen would be tighter, thus giving the scene an intimate, romantic feeling.

Cultural references
The episode's title and Homer's attire are references to Colonel Tom Parker, Elvis Presley's manager. Films playing at the Springfield Googolplex at the beginning of the episode include Honey, I Hit a School Bus (a riff on Honey, I Shrunk the Kids), Look Who's Oinking (a parody of Look Who's Talking), and Ernest vs. The Pope, starring the fictional character Ernest P. Worrell. En route to the Beer 'N' Brawl, Homer passes a boy playing a banjo on a porch, a reference to the "Dueling Banjos" sequence in Deliverance (1972). He appears later at the recording studio waiting in line with his banjo. William Irwin writes in his book Philosophy and the Interpretation of Pop Culture that this "burst of banjo" must convey a message even if the viewers do not "get" the reference to Deliverance: "Thanks to prevailing connotations of banjo music, viewers who do not recognize the banjo tune as the theme from Deliverance will not laugh, but the mere sound of banjo tells the audience that Homer has entered a backward, redneck area."

The Beer 'N' Brawl is based on the bar in the film Urban Cowboy (1980). The Beer 'N' Brawl sells Laramie High Tar cigarettes. After arriving home from the Beer 'N' Brawl, Lurleen's song is stuck in Homer's head, and he even sings it to his bowling ball for good luck. Homer's co-worker Lenny decides to give it a shot and sings "There's a Kind of Hush (All Over the World)" to his bowling ball. Homer says that the last song before Lurleen's "Your Wife Don't Understand You" that he could not get out of his mind was the Lipps Inc song "Funkytown". The syndicated country comedy show that Lurleen appears on, Ya-Hoo!, is based on the country television series Hee Haw.

Ratings and critical reviews
In its original broadcast, "Colonel Homer" finished 22nd in the ratings for the week of March 23–29, 1992, with a Nielsen rating of 14.8, equivalent to approximately 16.63 million viewing households. It was the highest-rated show on Fox that week.

Since airing, the episode has received mostly positive reviews from television critics. Nate Meyers of Digitally Obsessed rated the episode a5 (of 5) and called it "another great" episode that chronicles the love between Homer and Marge, showing the "ups and downs" of their marriage. He said Lurleen's songs are "filled with clever observations", but it is Homer's befuddlement that makes it a "classic" episode. Meyers added, however, that country music fans might "take offense at Matt Groening's script, which hams up every stereotype imaginable". DVD Movie Guide's Colin Jacobson said that after the "great" previous episode "Dog of Death", "one might expect some drop-off with 'Colonel Homer', but virtually none occurs. It offers another classic episode that benefits from a memorable guest voice performance from D'Angelo. Homer's moment in the sun creates a fun plot and the program nicely lampoons the country music business."

The authors of the book I Can't Believe It's a Bigger and Better Updated Unofficial Simpsons Guide, Warren Martyn and Adrian Wood, said the episode is a "good example of The Simpsons fixing itself on a target (in this case, country and western music) and extracting every possible gag. Lurleen's songs are all marvelous." Hock Guan Teh of DVD Town said he enjoyed the episode, and although it does not contain the "usual amount" of The Simpsons humor, the "rich character development itself makes this episode worth multiple viewings. However, anyone allergic to country music should give this one a pass!"

Bill Gibron of DVD Verdict thought the episode featured "one of the best" parodies the Simpsons writers have ever conceived, the parody of the country television series Hee-Haw called Ya-Hoo!: "While one must give multiple kudos to Beverly D'Angelo for writing and performing her own witty hillbilly ditties, it's the twisted cornpone [television series Ya-Hoo!], with such stars as Big Shirtless Ron and Gappy Mae, that really propels this installment into comic heaven. Homer's sheepish response to Lurlene's advances shows just what a decent, family loving man he is." A reviewer for the Fort Worth Star-Telegram called the episode "heartwarming", and commented that The Simpsons "once again shows that at the heart of this crazy family there is an abiding love".

Genevieve Koski of The A.V. Club said "it's a pretty impossible question for a die-hard fan, but if I were forced at gunpoint to name my favorite episode ever, 'Colonel Homer' would probably be the first to leap to mind, if only for the pure joy that is 'Bagged Me a Homer'." Nathan Rabin wrote "As you might imagine, the writers, particularly credited scribe Matt Groening, have a lot of fun at the expense of good honest god-fearing country folk, whether Lurleen is rattling off the titles of some of her songs (you most assuredly do not know her from such unrecorded ditties as 'Don’t Look Down My Dress Unless You Mean It', 'I’m Basting a Turkey With My Tears' and 'I’m Sick of Your Lying Lips and False Teeth') or the writers are taxing their vivid imaginations thinking up an endless series of hillbilly-tastic players for a Hee Haw-style show that features Lurleen in her national television debut. But if the show is predictably irreverent in its treatment of country music and especially the culture around it, it’s also refreshingly respectful towards country’s power to move people and stir people. Lurlene’s other-woman anthem 'Your Wife Don’t Understand You' may be a parody but it also works as a straight-up country song, as do the other songs in the episode... In its own strange way, 'Colonel Homer' respects the traditions and themes of country. Like the best country music, it’s all about love, marriage, fidelity, temptation and making the right choice between good and evil. It’s funny as hell while containing more than a little heartache."

Lurleen's legacy
Lurleen has made several cameo appearances on the show after this episode. She appears for her second time in the season four episode "Marge vs. the Monorail", voiced by Doris Grau, as she is briefly interviewed by Kent Brockman during the monorail's maiden voyage party. When he asks her what she has been doing lately, she responds that she "spent last night in a ditch". She looks dishevelled, and speaks with the same harsh, croaky, gravelly voice that Grau provides for lunchlady Doris, rather than the soft, Southern accent she had when she was first introduced. Lurleen also has a cameo in the season four episode "Krusty Gets Kancelled" as the center square on The Springfield Squares, and appears in "Team Homer" as a member of the bowling team "The Home Wreckers". In the season seven episode "Bart on the Road", Lurleen's name can be seen briefly on a banner saying "playing tonight" in Branson, Missouri. She made her second full-time appearance in the season nineteen episode "Papa Don't Leech", in which the Simpsons family takes Lurleen into their home after she becomes a fugitive from the Springfield authorities for not paying her taxes.

Merchandise
"Colonel Homer" originally aired on Fox in the United States on March 26, 1992. The episode was selected for release in a video collection of selected episodes, titled The Last Temptation Of Homer, which was released on November 9, 1998. Other episodes included in the set were "One Fish, Two Fish, Blowfish, Blue Fish", "Homer Alone", and "Simpson and Delilah". The episode was later included on The Simpsons season three DVD set which was released on August 26, 2003. Matt Groening, Mark Kirkland, cast member Dan Castellaneta, and showrunners Al Jean and Mike Reiss participated in the DVD's audio commentary of the episode. "Colonel Homer" was again included in the 2005 DVD release of the Last Temptation Of Homer set. An action figure set based on the episode was released exclusively to Toys "R" Us stores in March 2002. The set, featuring Homer in his white suit and Lurleen with her guitar, is part of the World of Springfield series of The Simpsons action figures created by Playmate Toys. Lurleen's songs "Your Wife Don't Understand You" and "Bagged Me a Homer" appeared on the Simpsons compilation album Songs in the Key of Springfield, which was released on March 18, 1997.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Colonel Homer


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Samuel King Allison

Samuel King Allison (November 13, 1900 – September 15, 1965) was an American physicist, most notable for his role in the Manhattan Project, for which he was awarded the Medal for Merit. A professor who studied X-rays, he was director of the Metallurgical Laboratory from 1943 until 1944, and later worked at the Los Alamos Laboratory — where he "rode herd" on the final stages of the project as part of the "Cowpuncher Committee", and read the countdown for the detonation of the Trinity nuclear test. After the war, he returned to the University of Chicago to direct the Institute for Nuclear Studies and was involved in the "scientists' movement", lobbying for civilian control of nuclear weapons.

Early life
Allison was born in Chicago, Illinois, on November 13, 1900, the son of Samuel Buell Allison, an elementary school principal. He was educated at John Fiske Grammar School and Hyde Park High School. He entered the University of Chicago in 1917, and participated in varsity swimming and water basketball, while majoring in mathematics and chemistry. He graduated in 1921, and then embarked on his PhD in chemistry under the supervision of William Draper Harkins, writing his thesis on "Atomic Stability III, the Effects of Electrical Discharge and High Temperatures", a topic closely related to experimental physics.

Allison was a research fellow at Harvard University from 1923 until 1925 and then at the Carnegie Institution from 1925 until 1926. From 1926 until 1930 he taught physics at University of California, Berkeley as an instructor, and then as an associate professor. While there he met and married Helen Campbell. They had two children, a son, Samuel, and a daughter, Catherine.

X-Rays
In 1930 Allison returned to the University of Chicago, where he became a professor in 1942, and the Frank P. Hixon Distinguished Service Professor of Physics in 1959. He studied the Compton effect and the dynamical theory of x-ray diffraction. At the time x-rays were an important means of investigating atomic structures, but the concept that light had both wave and particle properties, as demonstrated by Arthur Compton, was not universally accepted. William Duane from Harvard spearheaded an effort to prove that Compton's interpretation of the Compton effect was wrong, and Allison became part of this effort. Duane carried out a series of meticulous experiments to disprove Compton, but instead found overwhelming evidence that Compton was correct. To his credit, Duane conceded that this was the case.

One outcome of this was that Allison co-authored a textbook with Compton, X-rays in Theory and Experiment (1935), which became widely used. He developed a high resolution x-ray spectrometer with a graduate student, John Harry Williams. In 1935, Allison won a Guggenheim Fellowship to study at the Cavendish Laboratory at the University of Cambridge in England, where he studied under John Cockcroft. He published a paper in the Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society on his "Experiments on the Efficiencies of Production and the Half-Lives of Radio-Carbon and Radio-Nitrogen". He was so impressed by the Cavendish Laboratory's Cockcroft–Walton accelerator that after returning to Chicago he built one.

Manhattan Project
During World War II, Allison became involved in defence-related work. He was a consultant to the National Defense Research Committee (NDRC) from October 1940 to January 1941. In January 1941 the NDRC let him a contract to study the possibility of using beryllium as a neutron moderator. The team he assembled in Chicago would grow into the Manhattan Project's Metallurgical Laboratory.

In September 1941, Allison joined the S-1 Section, which coordinated the early investigations into the feasibility of an atomic bomb. He began building a reactor in the squash courts under the disused stands of Stagg Field. He became head of the Metallurgical Laboratory's chemistry section in January 1942, and in March, his small experimental reactor using beryllium came closer to criticality than the graphite-moderated design of Enrico Fermi's group at Columbia University. During 1942, Compton brought all the research groups working on plutonium and nuclear reactor design at Columbia University, Princeton University and the University of California together at the Metallurgical Laboratory in Chicago. Allison was placed in charge of the experimental work.

By October 1942, the Metallurgical Laboratory had to consider how it would proceed with designing large production reactors when they had yet to get an experimental reactor to work. Fermi favored taking small steps, while Allison and Eugene Wigner argued that larger steps were necessary if atomic bombs were to be developed in time to affect the course of the war. The Director of the Manhattan Project, Brigadier General Leslie R. Groves, Jr., told them that time was more important than money, and if two approaches looked promising, they should build both. In the end, this was what was done. Allison was one of 49 scientists who watched the project take a leap forward when Chicago Pile-1 went critical at Stagg Field on December 2, 1942. As Compton's reactor project began to spread outside Chicago in 1943, Allison became director of the Metallurgical Laboratory in June 1943. By late 1944, the locus of the Manhattan Project had shifted to the Los Alamos Laboratory in New Mexico, and Allison went there in November 1944 as the chairman of the Technical and Scheduling Committee. He was able to inform Groves in March 1945 that an implosion-type nuclear weapon would be ready for testing in July. Allison formed part of the "Cowpuncher Committee" that "rode herd" on the implosion project, ensuring that it stayed on track and on schedule. Fittingly, he was the one who read the countdown over the loudspeakers at the Trinity nuclear test in July 1945. Groves presented Allison with the Medal for Merit for his work on the Manhattan Project in a ceremony at the University of Chicago on January 12, 1946.

Later life
After the war, Allison was director of the Enrico Fermi Institute of Nuclear Studies from 1946 until 1957, and again from 1963 until 1965. He was the chairman of the Physics Section of the National Research Council from 1960 to 1963, and chairman of its Committee on Nuclear Science from 1962 to 1965. He was active in the "scientist's movement" for the control of atomic weapons. The scientists successfully lobbied for nuclear weapons to be under civilian rather than military control, which was eventually written into the Atomic Energy Act of 1946. He was a strong opponent of secrecy in science, and, in an influential speech announcing the creation of the Enrico Fermi Institute said:"We are determined to return to free research as before the war. If secrecy is imposed on scientific research in physics, we will find all first-rate scientists working on subjects as innocuous as the colors of butterfly wings."

Allison rebuilt his accelerator, which he called the "kevatron", because it could accelerate particles to energies of 400 KeV. The name was a reference to the massive bevatron being built at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, which was planned to accelerate particles to billions of electron volts. Allison still believed that there were useful results still to be found with low energies. He became a pioneer of what became known as "heavy ion physics", accelerating protons and deuterons, and using lithium and beryllium as targets. The data on these reactions of light elements would subsequently prove useful in the study of stellar nucleosynthesis.

Later, Allison acquired a 2 MeV Van de Graaff generator, and he recalled an old paper on producing lithium ions from minerals like Eucryptite. This allowed him to produce a 1.2 MeV lithium ion beam. He created hitherto unknown isotopes of boron and other light elements, and measured their neutron capture cross sections. A side effect of this work was a method to analyze surface materials where chemical analysis was unavailable. His colleague Anthony L. Turkevich subsequently used this to analyze the makeup of the Moon on the later Surveyor program missions. Allison continued to take on Ph.D. candidates, some of whom, such as James Cronin went on to distinguished careers.

Allison died of complications following an aortic aneurism on September 15, 1965, while attending the Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research Conference in Culham, England. His papers are kept at the American Institute of Physics.

title: Samuel King Allison


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Trading Partner Identification Number

The Trading Partner Identification Number (or TPIN) is a confidential number assigned to organizations which are or intend to be contractors to the Federal Government of the United States. It is issued by the Central Contractor Registration (CCR) of the Department of Defense. Contractors are consistently advised by CCR to treat the TPIN as if it were a password, and not to reveal it to others not directly involved in their business operations.

A T.P.I.N. is obtained by any organization that may need it via an SSL connection over the Internet from the CCR.

title: Trading Partner Identification Number


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Talk:List of freeware first-person shooters

If you remove a game please state why you have removed it, if the reason is documented then it is less likely to be re-added and it can be re-submitted if the circumstances change. If you have something to discuss please do so in the appropriate section. If you want to add a game to the list please read the criteria section before doing so, if you are unsure ask. Please avoid lumping multiple games in the same section, rather discuss each game independently in its own section.

add operation 7
someone should add the game Operation 7 to the list. its a great game and i think it should also be on the list, its just like combat arms or crossfire. thx.

Criteria for inclusion in this list
The criteria for inclusion in this list needs to be clearly defined. From what I can make out from reading through this talk page the criteria are:
 * no alpha/beta games
 * no full conversions ie must be a full stand alone game
 * must be freely (as in no cost, vs in the free software sense) downloadable.
 * must be an active project, not historical/dead.
 * must have a wikipedia page.

I suggest that the requirement that the game has a wikipedia page is bogus and should be dropped, if you disagree please provide some coherent reasoning for this requirement.

I also suggest that we add the requirement that the game is fully stand alone, ie that you only need to download one binary and not multiple components in order to play the game. If this were a requirement then FreeDoom Would need to be removed as it requires combining the freeDoom wads with one of a number of doom engines.

My proposed requirement list is:
 * no alpha/beta games
 * no full conversions ie must be a full stand alone game, downloadable as a single binary
 * must be freely (as in no cost, vs in the free software sense) downloadable.
 * must be an active project, not historical/dead.

When a game is deleted we can then state that it was deleted as it does not meet one of the defined requirements. Please comment on this proposal below. Htaccess 07:21, 28 July 2007 (UTC)

 * "must have a wikipedia page" isn't actually a requirement if you can provide citations for notability and verifiability. However, if you have those references you may as well make a Wikipedia article for it, even if it's just a stub.
 * My proposed requirement list:
 * described by independent references as a first-person shooter
 * is notable, per WP:N (which shouldn't be a problem if #1 is from a good source)
 * free (no shareware, or requiring another piece of software to run {no mods}, or requiring a commercial data file to run {so no DOOM ports})
 * MarašmusïneTalk 18:09, 28 July 2007 (UTC)

 * About Doom ports, they are no longer graphically appealing as well, i mean outdated, so they can be safely removed from the list IMO. Acetylcholine 22:17, 28 July 2007 (UTC)
 * I don't think the age of games is an issue. I think I will add another table here for "free first-person shooter engines" and include things like Aleph One and FreeDOOM (providing they don't require commercial game files). MarašmusïneTalk 08:12, 29 July 2007 (UTC)

 * I agree the age should not make a difference but do agree that FreeDOOM should be removed from the list as it requires a separate game engine to play. I like the free engine table but perhaps it should be a new article? Htaccess 08:53, 29 July 2007 (UTC)
 * I think perhaps a full List of free game engines (not limiting it to just FPS engines). I'm not sure how many FPS engines there are, but if there are only half a dozen or so, they may as well stay here. MarašmusïneTalk 09:11, 29 July 2007 (UTC)

 * It depends if you include derivative engines or just the original, ie just the quake engine or include DarkPlaces and Tenebrae (software). Either way I think you will be surprised just how many there are, check out, I suspect theres enough to warrant an independent article. Htaccess 09:31, 29 July 2007 (UTC)

first person full games only
this is a list for free first person full version games only

Since this is a First Person Shooter list. There is no need to continually repeat that a game is a first person shooter.

What is a full game?
I mean, you take .kkrieger on the list as a full game (it is only 100k). Is the JavaScript version of Wolfenstein 3D (aka Wolfenstein 5K) also a full first-person shooter then?

BTW, Starsiege: Tribes requires a CD-key. Ergo, you have to pay, with time. (to wait for the guys to produce new CD-keys (it says so on the page)) Then a lot of other games is also free, you just have to get an account first. Doesn't make sense.

--80.63.213.182

 * Starsiege Tribes does not require any CD key to play nor does it have any copy protection. Only Tribes 2 has a CD key and account check. CheapAlert 23:55, 11 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Also, .kkrieger is nothing but a tech demo showoff, so it shouldn't be listed here anyway. CheapAlert 23:56, 11 February 2006 (UTC)
 * .kkrieger is a tech demo, but is intended to be a full game. It is a first person shooter, free to use and distribute, and will never cost anything, assuming they ever finish it. --Chief1983 20:30, 16 September 2006 (UTC)
 * The fact that it's unfinished disqualifies it from the list, then, due to the exclusions of betas. Or am I missing something there? - 68.9.181.166 (talk) 03:09, 2 October 2013 (UTC)

Standalone games betas?
I would like to ask if a beta of a standalone game would be aloud here

NO betas
 * If it's notable and verifiable, it shouldn't matter if it is a beta or not. MarašmusïneTalk 09:14, 29 July 2007 (UTC)

Why only standalone?
I don't quite understand the requirement for game to be "standalone" or a single executable to be listed. A lot of free games are based on engines that have been made public domain. So while technically you could call these games a "full conversion mod", and while often you will have to download the engine separately from the actual game, I don't see the logic why this should be a hurdle to including them in the list. After all, if the point of the list is to help people find free, good games, then why exclude full conversion mods, if everything in that mod (including the engine) is freely available? Developers will often have to rely on previously created engines, upon which they can then base a totally new and unique games. Something that might be impossible if they would have to develop that component as well. --Frescard (talk) 23:47, 28 December 2007 (UTC)
 * The point of the list is to aid navigation of Wikipedia articles. Mods, where notable, are on their own lists such as List of Half-Life 2 mods. Marasmusine (talk) 08:09, 29 December 2007 (UTC)
 * I don't understand how this list could help in WP navigation. Would you mind to elaborate?
 * I would expect the typical visitor to this page to be someone who's looking for a decent, but free, game (with the priority on FREE). Now, that person will not care too much if it's standalone, or based on a freeware engine, he just wants to know what's available. At least that's the way it worked for me, when I wanted to set up a "goodwill" MP server, and was looking for something free for visitors to download. I found this page quite useful, and the least I cared about in that situration was whether something was "standalone" or not... --Frescard (talk) 18:53, 29 December 2007 (UTC)
 * I'd advise that kind of visitor to possibly visit a games directory site instead! The reason being that this list is only going to contain games with WP articles (which ideally will only be notable, verified games), so isn't exactly a complete list of all free first-person shooters that are available.
 * However, I am completely open to the idea of listing mods as a seperate table (perhaps below the game engines table), again as long as they point to WP articles so that notability can be asserted. Marasmusine (talk) 19:58, 29 December 2007 (UTC)

Server/Client models
I propose that we do not include server/client based "free to play" games, in which only the client is freely downloadable. "Free to play" isn't the same as Freeware; if you don't have the server software, then you only have half the software. Such models are typically associated with micropayments, anyway. Marasmusine (talk) 10:39, 4 February 2010 (UTC)

 * I just noticed the "freeware clients" section. Is there a reason it's there? Perhaps we should add World of Warcraft as well, because you can download the client just fine; it's just that you can't play the game without paying. Seriously though, is there a reason for not removing that section? --Lijnema (talk) 09:10, 28 June 2010 (UTC)
 * I see what you mean. As you say, you can't run the WoW client without paying (that, and it's not an FPS). The games listed here are free to play, with optional microtransactions. I'd rather not have them listed at all, for the reasons I gave above. But I figured the seperate "freeware clients" sections is a fair compromise. Marasmusine (talk) 14:35, 28 June 2010 (UTC)

Acid Arena
This game does not state on its front page that it is freeware but it is freeware. Here is the link to it http://acidarenaweb.free.fr/. Acetylcholine 23:29, 24 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Hi Acetylcholine, I saw you re-added several games but this time with external links. I've reverted this because unfortunately these game lists tend to get filled up with spam/advertising in the form of external links. One measure we've introduced is to not allow external links at all, only links to Wikipedia articles. Think of the list as a form of wiki-navigation. You could have a go at making a stub article for the games you think should be in the list, bearing in mind our WP:Verifiability policy and WP:Notability guideline. Thanks, MarašmusïneTalk 07:51, 25 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Ok. I will try to make articles about each of them according to Wikipedia guidelines. Acetylcholine 13:49, 25 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Acid Arena isn't even legal. It bundles Quake3's assets, and it itself is derived from Quake3's assets, and distributes it all for users without quake3 intending it as its own game (and has been doing this before the source release as well). Leileilol 06:24, 1 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Excellent, drop me a note on my talk page if you need any help! MarašmusïneTalk 14:16, 25 July 2007 (UTC)

Allegiance
Should Allegiance be here? It's a space sim but it's first person.

It's a team based combat game. Theres also this too, freealleg wiki http://www.freeallegiance.org/FAW/index.php/Allegiance WiskyGhost (talk) 22:42, 7 May 2008 (UTC)

Americas Army 2
Is not included in this list. Americas Army 3 is, however, the games are totally different, different engines etc. 3 is not an upgrade of 2 by any means. However according to the guidelines set above, perhaps it wouldn't be included as maybe its no longer an active project? However i'm not sure that's true, as it might still receive updates. Should we include it?

However Americas Army 2, is a direct improvement on Americas Army 1. 220.233.41.31 (talk) 17:15, 2 August 2009 (UTC)

Apophis
Apophis was recently added to the list, but since it is a newly started project, its website has zero content about the game itself, and since there are no files whatsoever, I feel that it should be deleted from the list, seeing as it is currently nothing more than a gamedesign, thus meaning that currently it is not a "Free first-person shooter". Can anyone clarify the reasons of this game being on the List of free first-person shooters? -Moosedor 17:22, 12 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Apophis (game) is currently being proposed for deletion. If no-one contests it, and it is deleted, then we can remove it from this list. I agree that it doesn't seem particularly notable. Marasmusine 17:34, 12 September 2007 (UTC)

Battlefield Heroes
Would this qualify? It's in closed beta, with no word of an open beta soon, and it requires payments to get certain things. I don't really want to see any game on this list that involves real-life money in any way whatsoever (except for developers asking for donations...) Marasmusine (talk) 12:43, 12 April 2008 (UTC) That was from the War Rock article. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Darkmast508 (talk • contribs) 13:05, 12 December 2008 (UTC)

Battlefield Heroes is not a first-person shooter, so on that grounds it shouldn't be included. However on topic, it does include micropayments for things like costumes. The game is 100% enjoyable and playable without any of these payments and i'd vote that should it be 1st person, it should be included. 220.233.41.31 (talk) 17:18, 2 August 2009 (UTC)

As of late November, the game is not playable on fair grounds without paying, despite EA's insistance that no in-game advantages would be sold for cash. There are super-powered weapons that can only be obtained for the BattleFund currency which in turn is sold for real money. The standard weaponry as well as most items have seen an increase in price more than 50-fold, making it almost impossible to gain enough in-game currency to outfit even one character. This decision has caused an uproar among the players, many of which vent their anger in a thread on the game's forums that has 1500 replies so far. --91.23.218.249 (talk) 16:13, 4 December 2009 (UTC)

It has any right to be in the list, it has FPS elements but uses a 3rd person perspective. It's like calling a duck, a duck then painting it black and calling it a panther...it's still a duck. As to the above paragraph, they aren't super-powered, they don't give a big advantage, just a few more bullets and a higher crit chance. Not to mention their changes have been a success...they still have over 3 million unique accounts registered and the game hasn't gone under due to the amount of supportive players that keep the game afloat. You shouldn't always listen to the QQers, they cloud judgement ;) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 62.247.128.164 (talk) 11:34, 22 March 2010 (UTC)

 * With server/client based games, be wary that "Free to play" is not the same as Freeware. Is the entirity of the software available free of charge, or is it just the client? If the latter, it shouldn't be on this list. Marasmusine (talk) 13:35, 22 March 2010 (UTC)

 * You download it free of charge and you can play it free of charge, it's pretty much like Quake Live except downloadable, though with what you explained, most of the games on that list shouldn't be there either. Not trying to be awkward, just a Heroes nut trying to understand why Heroes was removed in the first place when it was on this list for months in the first place ;) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 62.247.128.164 (talk) 11:36, 23 March 2010 (UTC)

I've moved it to a seperate section. Can you confirm that this is a 1st-person game? All the gameplay footage I viewed shows it in 3rd person. Marasmusine (talk) 12:08, 23 March 2010 (UTC)

Battlefield 2142
First time suggesting anything here, but would Battlefield's limited demo qualify for this list ? It allows access to one gamemode and two maps, but is unlimited in every other sense.
 * Because it's a demo of a larger version, I'd say no. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 216.26.131.217 (talk) 00:11, 12 May 2007 (UTC).

Black Shades
Would Black Shades qualify for this list? It's free, has a singleplayer 'campaign', and the way I see it, should be added to the list. On the other hand, it feels rather basic and more of a gameplay demonstration/test than anything else.

 * I really would like to keep all games out of this list that don't already have their own page on Wikipedia. --Lijnema 22:52, 12 July 2007 (UTC)

 * thats an arbitrary prerequisite to base inclusion in the list on, perhaps you should consider renaming this list as List of free first-person shooters that have pages on wikipedia? Htaccess 06:48, 28 July 2007 (UTC)

BZFLAG
Can someone prove this is a FPS and not a 3rd person... if not then it has to be gone. Sassan May 22, 2006
 * Yes. Play the game, and you'll see that it is definitely a first person game.  The camera is in the tank, not behind it. Chief1983 21:00, 16 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Please do not remove BZFlag from the list without good reason. It is a first-person shooter (it's even categorized as one in Wikipedia's list of fps's), just because it doesn't involve being a human with free aim doesn't mean it's not an FPS. CheapAlert 22:19, 30 June 2006 (UTC)

Close Quarter Combat
Why was this deleted--66.8.238.104 03:28, 9 May 2007 (UTC)

D-Day: Normandy
D-Day: Normandy seems to require a FilePlanet subscription so you'll have to pay to be able to download it. Is it still free then? // Liftarn 12:52, 11 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Use to get it.

Death Illustrated
Broken Link To Death Illustrated Site, jus thought I'd point that out. Medavox 12:28, 15 April 2006 (UTC)

What should be done about Death Illustrated? It no longer has an official page, and the current solution, the "---Website Not Available---" marker is just awful. I'm guessing we should just delete that section. (And please sign your posts with four Tildes ~) Zirka 17:13, 23 April 2006 (UTC)

 * I deleted the post... because it doesnt exist Sassan May 22, 2006

Dispatch of Army
What happened to dispatch of army? Why was it removed? I dont see any reason why it should have been.

I put is back--LizardPariah 03:19, 1 May 2007 (UTC)

Exteel
Exteel is a Third Person Shooter...not a First Person Shooter...can someone get it off the list? 72.191.105.84 (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 22:59, 3 February 2010 (UTC).

Fear Combat
Whiel the website didn't seem to definitely say, this appears to be a free expansion to F.E.A.R., not a standalone, in which case it shouldn't be listed. Does anyone know for sure? Ace of Sevens 21:34, 8 August 2006 (UTC)

It's free, I tried it and it runs perfectly free of charge, should be listen on this list now. [Sassan]

I added it to the list, but it could use some more info and a picture. Cpuwhiz11 01:20, 22 August 2006 (UTC)

GunZ
can people please stop adding GunZ to this list, it is clearly a 3rd person game and does not belong here.

Hidden & Dangerous
I added Hidden & Dangerous, but I know nothing about it. Please someone improve the entry. Ace of Sevens 20:28, 29 June 2006 (UTC)

Is it even GPL-like copyrighted? cannot find source anywhere. Also, the download source is dubious, is wikipedia advertising for 3D Gamers now? (I find those sites very anoying) PS i am sure Ace of Sevens was good-intentioned. (Anonymous) 12:55, 23 Apr 2007

While I don't think 3D Gamers should be advertised it's not a "dubious" site by any means and several "big name" publishers in the past have used it's services to release their own files or demos. In other words it's unlikely they'd be giving a pirated version of the game for download. Since the game's listed as freeware I'll give it a quick download will add it to the list if it turns out to be a proper FPS. ( http://www.mobygames.com/game/windows/hidden-dangerous-deluxe/screenshots seem to indicate that it is) --WildKard (talk) 01:39, 17 February 2008 (UTC)

Kingpin
kingpin was removed and will not be added agian tell an official website link saying the game is free is supplied

Kuma\War
I hope I'm in the right place...Kuma\War should be on the Free First-Person Shooters list. There used to be a subscription fee of $9.99 per month, but now the games are entirely free and can be downloaded at www.kumawar.com. Can you please include this service? Thank you for your time.

 * It seams you are right and this is a free first person shooter. It has been placed back on the page.

 * This is not a complete free game, it is only in open beta stages, if anyone can prove that this game is free forever then it will stay on the page.
 * Not to mention I think I played it and it was third person.--72.70.53.87 22:50, 3 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Hi, Keith from KumaGames here. I'm the CEO and I assure you that Kuma\War is completely free to consumers. There was a subscription product in 2003 and 2004, but the game has been free since then. Kuma 1 has 74 free episodes and Kuma 2 -- the open beta -- has 4 free episodes. We are adding new free episodes every month. Kuma 1 is 1st and also 3rd person; Kuma 2 is 1st person only. We appreciate your efforts to keep Wikipedia accurate -- this is the latest info, right from the horses mouth.

Kwari
It seems fairly notable to be a game centered entirely upon making money - or loosing it. Even though it's in the beta phase, would it still qualify for inclusion ? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.68.182.133 (talk) 23:06, 10 November 2007 (UTC)

Legends
Legends looks like a good candidate for inclusion in this list, it uses the Torque Game Engine, and is similar to tribes2, it does however still appear to be a beta, I have not played it yet, can someone who has comment on its maturity.
 * Is it notable? MarašmusïneTalk 07:09, 28 July 2007 (UTC)
 * I find the whole notability thing incredibly subjective, I prefer to ask the question "is it useful to a significant number of people"? To answer your question, yes I think it probably is notable but as I haven't evaluated it carefully I'm not sure. Obviously according to the (hopefully newly defined) criteria for inclusion it doesn't have an article yet, so I will create one (and probably have to argue with the notability police) before adding it. Htaccess 07:45, 28 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Well, to put it another way, Wikipedia only reports what has already been reported by secondary sources. If Legends: The Game has had any kind of review or article from a reliable source then let's get a stub written for it and pop it in the list. Now I've had a quick look and can only see directory entries like this, but perhaps you know of something more substantial. MarašmusïneTalk 18:15, 28 July 2007 (UTC)

Enough with all of this... The whole notability thing is ignorant. Question the notability??? DOWNLOAD THE GAME AND SEE IF IT IS FREELY DISTRIBUTED AND A FULL WORKING GAME. EXTREMELY SUBJECTIVE.

Legends is an extremely popular game amongst the Tribes community... It has a large following... you have Tribes included in the list... why not Legends? There are 2 Digg articles about it:

http://digg.com/linux_unix/Legends_The_Game

and

http://digg.com/gaming_news/Legends_the_game_--_Amazing,_free_multiplayer_Tribes-like_FPS

The game is not in beta or alpha... it's been a full release for a while now.

Get over the ignorant issues and open your eyes to the true situation at hand. This is a free game that has been out for a while and you are keeping the public from knowing about it, just because there isn't a wikipedia article about it. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.143.86.191 (talk) 23:28, 28 January 2008 (UTC)

 * If it's so unquestionably notable, why doesn't it have its own article? There was one, but it was deleted because there was nothing indicating notability. Just complaining doesn't really do anything. If you really want to see the game on the list here, why not make the article, make sure it has something that asserts notability (see the Notability guidelines). Then add it to the list. --Lijnema (talk) 09:59, 29 January 2008 (UTC)

I really do love how diehard wikipedia users are about keeping to standards.... it helps make sure things go smoothly... and maintains the accuracy of articles. However, this is one case that the guidelines should be ignored due to the reasons mentioned above. It seems that in the "diehardness" that wikipedia users have lost themselves in, they have also lost their dictionaries. They obviously do not understand that guidelines aren't set in stone, by definition. They are loosely followed directions that, by definition, are not required to be adhered to exactly. Give it up and allow Legends to go in without an article about it. This is now merely the principle of going against the guidelines. Bottom line if they are not GUIDELINES, then change the name of the NOTABILITY REQUIREMENTS to RULES.

Besides all that, here is a direct quote from the NOTABILITY guidelines page: "Notability guidelines do not directly limit article content - Notability guidelines give guidance on whether a topic is notable enough to be included in Wikipedia as a separate article, but do not specifically regulate the content of articles (with the exception of lists of people [11]). The particular topics and facts within an article are not each required to meet the standards of the notability guidelines; instead, article content is governed by other policies and guidelines, such as the policy requiring Verifiability and the guidelines covering the use of reliable sources and of trivia sections." It even states that article content is governed by other policies and guidelines.... such as the verifiability policy... which doesn't seem like it applies to a list... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.143.86.191 (talk) 20:16, 29 January 2008 (UTC)

 * I still don't see what makes Legends so special that it has to be on the list, and I personally think having a Wikipedia article (or passing WP:N) is a good criteria. I also think keeping alpha/beta games out of the list is good, and despite what you've written, Legends is still in beta. --Lijnema (talk) 09:23, 30 January 2008 (UTC)

It has said "We will consider the game to be beta until it is done. " on the "About Legends" page since day one... when it really was in the alpha/beta... IT IS NO LONGER IN BETA... Look at the build number and you can see that they no longer put "beta" or "alpha" next to it, because it has gone past those stages... It's been a full release for a while now.

I personally do not think having a Wikipedia article is a good criteria... It makes no sense. The game exists... list it. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.197.64.30 (talk) 00:28, 31 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Lots of games exist, I think the list would spiral out of control if existance was the only criteria. What would you say is the problem with having notability as a criteria for inclusion in the list? --Lijnema (talk) 00:21, 2 February 2008 (UTC)

Just a note, I see the Legends has over 1600 forum members and Nexuiz has only over 1400 members. So witch game is more notable? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 96.226.74.105 (talk) 02:16, 1 February 2008 (UTC)
 * Please read Wikipedia's notability guildelines to understand the concept of notability as it is used within Wikipedia. --Lijnema (talk) 00:21, 2 February 2008 (UTC)

I did, this is still a list of personal favorite FPS. 96.226.74.105 (talk) 01:56, 2 February 2008 (UTC)
 * My point was that more forum members doesn't mean more notable. --Lijnema (talk) 12:28, 2 February 2008 (UTC)

AND once again... the notability guidelines are guidelines... not rules... AND MOST IMPORTANTLY ONLY DEFINE CRITERIA FOR ARTICLE SUBJECTS... NOT ARTICLE CONTENT. Better read it again. ONCE AGAIN. THE NOTABILITY GUIDELINES ONLY APPLY TO ARTICLE SUBJECTS... NOT CONTENT.

In regards to the question you posed about the problem with having notability as criteria for inclusion... I feel that this game is worthy of being listed. The list exists to define a set of free FPS. Legends is a high quality free FPS. Not only that, but going by the book, as stated above, the notability guidelines don't apply to article content (except when the content includes lists of people). In reality, the verifiability policy would govern it... but that policy requirement is already fulfilled due to "Diggs" two different articles. Outcomer (talk) 09:16, 2 February 2008 (UTC)

Marathon (computer game series)
What about the Marathon series? The Aleph One (computer game) project is free... Alphax τεχ 15:02, 8 April 2006 (UTC)

You don't even need to mention Aelph. Bungie has the original binaries freely available. I plan on adding the section now, but seeing as I know little about the game, it'll probably need to be revised. --Zirka 17:15, 23 April 2006 (UTC)

Open Arena
Excellent page. Why not add Open Arena ? (free implementation of Quake III based on the real Quake III engine) —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Djib (talk • contribs) 21:01, 27 December 2006 (UTC).
 * I think it's way too beta for this page. Didn't this article have a NO ALPHAS/BETAS policy? Leileilol 04:33, 2 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Well in a way yes beacause there are not many levels, but the engine is excellent and the game is already quite popular. --djib 22:34, 2 January 2007 (UTC)

Penumbra
i dont know why "penumbra" is on this list of "freeFIRST PERSON SHOOTERS" when even the description states that penumbra is a free first person horror adventure game. I'm thinking it should be removed. Am i right?--Dylan Mather 22:41, 28 July 2006 (UTC)

Purge
I dont see a reason why Purge should be removed.--LizardPariah 03:20, 1 May 2007 (UTC)

Sauerbraten
I added sauerbraten to the list. used mostly prewritten resources from wikipedia and the sauerbraten homepage. --Dylan Mather 22:35, 13 July 2006 (UTC) also added cube screenshot --Dylan Mather 22:52, 13 July 2006 (UTC)

The screenshot under cube 2 is from cube 1, not cube 2. Could someone please replace it with a cube 2 screenshot? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 68.200.42.106 (talk) 03:45, 13 May 2007 (UTC).

no, thats definetly a screen from Sauer... according to the image details in fact, its an official screenshot. you may be confused because the guns are alot the same in both games, and its hard to tell from a thumbnail? D.Mather 05:23, 27 May 2007 (UTC)

Savage
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savage:_The_Battle_for_Newerth

this should be on the list as it was made free after initial release date.

 * agreed Htaccess 06:52, 28 July 2007 (UTC)

Starseige 2845
As far as I can tell, this game isn't free, because I went to the homepage and there was no client download.

 * The game is free.--LizardPariah 03:19, 1 May 2007 (UTC)

 * The project is dead, according to their forums, and the link leads to the Clancore homepage, not the SS2845 page. Topic on Clancore forums -Drak Swordsman 11:41, 8 May 2007 (UTC)

Tribes
Broken Link to Sierra Starseige Tribes download, this link is broken...Dylan Mather 16:17, 20 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I fixed the link by removing the sierra links and puting in a fileplanet one. Thanks for the spot Dylan Mather. Cpuwhiz11 00:19, 21 August 2006 (UTC)

TrueCombat: Elite
Why not add Enemy Territory : True Combat to this list. It is just an Enemy Territory total conversion MOD but it makes it a totally different game :) --djib 01:28, 19 March 2007 (UTC)

 * games need to be fully stand alone and out of beta to be included on the list, total conversions don't qualify unfortunately. Htaccess 05:15, 28 July 2007 (UTC)

I understand why this games has been removed from this list, but why has it's article been deleted? Slicksurfer1898 (talk) 00:57, 13 November 2008 (UTC)

Urban Terror
Is the anoucement good enough to add urban terror to the list, or should we wait too add it? 67.35.191.241 05:37, 1 September 2006 (UTC) Its a Mod, not a standalone game.

"We have successfully created a stand alone client for Urban Terror, using the urbanterror.exe and not requiring gamers to install Quake III Arena. This version has recently been released to the Quality Assurance Team and is undergoing testing. Urban Terror is still a mod and will be fully compatible with both Quake III Arena and our stand alone, urbanterror.exe." next time know what your talking about before you say something. User:Deuxhero 67.35.191.241 19:40, 2 September 2006 (UTC)

Don't forget Urban Terror has executables for Linux and Mac OS X KrushrScumgrief (talk) 21:07, 28 April 2008 (UTC)

War Rock
can the game warrock be added to this list?

Someone should remove the "and is very fun to play" part. That's not a neutral point of view. It's an opinion.

Warrock fits the requirements of this page. It is free, and will remain free (Although a commercial version will come out, so it will be somewhat like Wolfenstien: Enemy Territory). I admit it is still being developed, but other games on this list are also in development (America's Army, for example, is still releasing new versions of itself). I would like to see Warrock back on there.

Ah, and on a side note, I'm not sure that the screenshots are appropriate for this. They seem more like advertisements, and the actual games look little or nothing like how their screenshot makes them look.

 * I notice Lijnema has removed Warrock, Lijnema could you please give your reasons for the removal, ie which criteria does it not satisfy? We are in the process of hammering out the definitive criteria for inclusion so please contribute to that as well. Thanks Htaccess 21:01, 28 July 2007 (UTC)

 * I removed War Rock because although there is a free version, it is crippled. So it's not any more free than any shareware game. --Lijnema 22:27, 28 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Warrock does have paid features, however you can earn in game currency through playing and getting kills. Buying currency with real money simply allows you to get better weapons faster than if you played for it. It meets all of the criteria mentioned above, being freely downloadable from warrock.net, has a wikipedia page, is an active project, is not a beta or a alpha, and is not a total conversion mod. So I have to say I disagree and I think warrock should be included with a note that some features are crippled for paid users. Nn123645 02:03, 17 October 2007 (UTC)

 * If everything you can get everything you can pay for through in-game methods without paying as well, then I agree. From the website I got a different impression, but if you can get everything without paying I'd agree. --Lijnema 07:15, 17 October 2007 (UTC)

 * You can't get everything in the free version. There is only a handful of maps, and weapons available.  Plus clan support will not be available in the free version.  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 65.32.134.74 (talk) 04:35, 20 October 2007 (UTC)

 * According to the Gamespot's review of the game "When you combine this system with real-world money, it's hard to shake the feeling that you didn't buy a mediocre game as much as you invested in a shady pyramid scheme. The retail version of War Rock includes a nice set of maps, a couple of cheap dog tags, and a few in-game goodies, like the mostly pointless M134 minigun. But you also get a free one-month subscription to the game--which makes you wonder exactly what you are subscribing to. As it turns out, signing up with your credit card earns you XP bonuses, a monthly allotment of dinar, the ability to create password-protected servers, or even another weapon slot, depending on which service you subscribe to. You can even purchase in-game currency with real money. But when you pay, you aren't paying for the game or the privilege of playing: You're paying either to gain an advantage because you get the good weapons, or to access features you'd expect to already be included in an online FPS. And in some cases, you're paying for features that don't work." http://www.gamespot.com/pc/action/warrock/review.html?om_act=convert&om_clk=gssummary&tag=summary;review . I don't know what improvements have been made since feburaury, when the review was written, but at that time the free and paid versions had negligible differences. Nn123645 20:33, 20 October 2007 (UTC)

What is the final verdict on this issue? It seems as if War Rock does not fully meet the in-development criteria [No alpha/betas], and is listed as a rejected game on this talk page. 82.111.138.148 (talk) 12:00, 12 April 2008 (UTC)
 * I don't really want to see any game on this list that involves real-life money in any way whatsoever (except for developers asking for donations...) Marasmusine (talk) 12:43, 12 April 2008 (UTC)

Wolfenstein
Return to Castle Wolfenstien, i purchased it, i was at their site.
 * Looking for Enemies Terriory, you people listed it is a free game not a demo.
 * so...i am wondering, if Return to Castle is a demo, free game or not free

>x<ino 01:23, 17 November 2005 (UTC)

 * "Return to Castle Wolfenstein" and "Return to Castle Wolfenstein: Enemy Territory" are very different. The former is not free, while the latter is. User:Phbbt107

Wolf Team
Removing this because the higher-end weapons/equipment require points you have to buy to get. --Lijnema (talk) 11:24, 9 December 2009 (UTC) Really if you have skills you dont have to buy that ap points. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 91.4.173.135 (talk) 13:10, 10 April 2011 (UTC)

Quake Live
Quake Live —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.239.164.5 (talk) 02:47, 10 November 2009 (UTC) Quake Live drops support for Linux and Mac source: http://www.quakelive.com/forum/showthread.php?34313 — Preceding unsigned comment added by 212.67.139.162 (talk) 00:06, 23 December 2013 (UTC)

X Operations
I added xoperations to the list. I also added multiple links because the game is made by Japanese developers, and the majority of people that are going to look at this dont read/speak japanese so i felt it nessecary to include my X operations page (http://xoperations.freehostia.com and also included a russian page, though im not nessecarily sure how useful it will be. Please leave the english one as it is an obvious neccesity. --Dylan Mather 23:11, 13 July 2006 (UTC)

Added missing games
I added three missing games: Purge (game), Shootout the Game and Starsiege: 2845

LizardPariah

Axian Quake and Didgital Paintball
why they were deleted form the list what gives?

 * Yes, Digital Paintball is a great game. BUT, according to various people, it isn't notable enough. The article on Digital Paintball was deleted. (Personally, I think it is notable enough) --wj32 talk 01:25, 28 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Those stupid wiki fascists —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 200.77.43.169 (talk) 00:03, 3 February 2007 (UTC).

Unexplained removal of 5 games by E-Magination
Why were these 5 games removed? Here is the diff: [] Death Illustrated Digital Paint: Paintball 2.0 Duck Hunt 3D Flamewar! World of Padman If there is a valid reason for removal, that's fine, please provide it. However, isn't it usually the custom that there is an explanation given for removals on the talk page? If I don't hear anything on this I'll be putting these games back on when I get the chance. --JeffryJohnston 14:47, 17 April 2007 (UTC)

Simple: they don't have an article. This is Wikipedia, not a open directory.--=='''[[User:E-Magination''' ==]] 15:55, 17 April 2007 (UTC)

 * your reasoning is spurious, there is no requirement that wikipedia lists only list things that have an article on wikipedia, thats braindead, if that were the case there would be nothing in wikipedia. Inclusion in the list with a link to a nonexistent page will encourage the production of that page, this is how wikipedia improves. I also suggest clearly defining somewhere what all the requirements are for inclusion in this list and not have them scattered throughout the talk page.
 * It's a measure that seems to be general concensus. This kind of video game list is a common target for spam. If a game belongs on the list, it doesn't take long to create a quick stub article with one or two reliable sources. If sources can't be found for verification, then it shouldn't be in the list. You also have Requested articles at your disposal. MarašmusïneTalk 07:15, 28 July 2007 (UTC)
 * If its the consensus then I'm happy to go with it as I'm happy to add stubs. I still regard it as slightly arbitrary but will defer to consensus, I suppose it is a valid notability filter. Htaccess 07:36, 28 July 2007 (UTC)

New games added to the list with there links to make them verifiable
Namely: Cellfactor:Revolution, Control monger, Dispatch of Army, Kingsborn, NTE: Strike and Retrieve, Realm Wars, Wulfram and War Rock. Direct links to there official webpages have been added and i hope that it is enough to assert there verifiability as all of them state that they are Freeware and this is what this article is about. I could not find any other source for them apart from Freewaregames.net and i do not think that it should get any priority over the game's original webpages if they are present. I added direct links because my last edit was removed. Acetylcholine 23:29, 24 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Ok, i wasted my time on finding and entering above entries, only War Rock and Cellfactor: Revolution were verfiable and worthed to be mentioned, there would still be some doubts over Cellfactor!!! I am still in learning phase, will be careful next time. Acetylcholine 14:36, 25 July 2007 (UTC)

semi-plug
Many of these titles are available on my site, and if they're not yet, they will be. i just thought someone should check over there to see if i've got anything not on this list. in particular there are lots of linux and amiga titles for full download there which probably aren't listed here. Also, if there's anything I'm missing, please let me know. I have included, particularly older DOS games, many "abandonwarez" titles. I make my best effort to find a way to purchase them (other than used) and if one cannot be found, i'll put the game up. Advocate (Advocate@firstpersonshooters.org firstpersonshooters.net/ —Preceding unsigned comment added by Special:Contributions/ (talk)

NPOV?
Should this page be edited for closer to NPOV? I'm seeing things like "beautiful effects" and "great graphics and gameplay" and wondering if these should be reworded.
 * I had the exact same response. It reads like a giant ad.  An article describing why people distribute free games would be encyclopedic, and should probably be at Free first-person shooter to follow naming conventions.  If this is just going to list games, then it should be at List of free first-person shooters or possibly just turned into a category.  In any case, something needs to be done about its tone. -   BanyanTree 15:08, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree. --Member 21:30, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Aww, you pathological pedants! They're free, no one's ripping you off if you go and download one :P --Sigmundur 21:07, 4 February 2007 (UTC)

Free software vs. freeware
I had hoped to be able to tell which if any of these games are opensource. In todays world of trojans and spyware, having source available is a prerec for installing software.. so could we add license info to the list? maybe OSI approved, Closed but free to play, Closed but free for non-comercial, etc etc?
 * I'd like that too. I was confused because of the disambiguity of the word "free". I had hoped to find Free Software games here. Geronimooo 21:55, 19 November 2005 (UTC)

These games definitely need to state their license for us to check whether the are free (as a free speech) or freeware. For example America's Army (according to ) is freeware). CodeRED: Alien Arena requires reqistration, so likely to be freeware. Control Monger's website does not show license and download section does not contain sources -> sure freeware. --Alvin-cs ✉ 23:47, 27 November 2005 (UTC)

Codered doesn't require any registration at all, and it is freeware however the engine itself is under the GPL. CheapAlert 23:07, 21 December 2005 (UTC)

"Freeware" does not mean Free. If the engine is GPL and the game is "Freeware," this does not make the game "free." The data files need to be OSI Free for a Free game; if they're restricted, the game is not Free. --User:Bluefoxicy
 * Control monger is open beta, and so, should be deleted. In fact, i'll do that right now. --User:phbbt107

The top of the page should be modified to something like "A list of free of charge first-pe..." -- User:viller

What is the reasoning of having the word "free" in the article link to "free_software" if there are f'ing proprietary, yet freeware games in the list, don't people realize the difference between free software and freeware? Which is it? -- User:kirsa.t —Preceding comment was added at 03:58, 24 March 2008 (UTC)

MB is wrong
The size of bynary files should be in the bynaries measures. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_prefix And spread the word please. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 193.136.33.130 (talk) 22:32, 16 February 2007 (UTC).

Screenshots
Please add a screenshot for every game you add on the list. Thank you everyone

Singleplayer / Multiplayer
I think we need to make it clear which games are singleplayer or multiplayer. "War Rock" was the game that bothered me the most, because even on its own page it didn't state this. I dont know enough about the field to fill in these gaps myself -- all I know is that I dont like multiplayer shooters so dont want to bother downloading them. Robinoke 17:12, 17 November 2006 (UTC)

 * agreed Htaccess 06:52, 28 July 2007 (UTC)

Most of these games are multiplayer only. If they all are, it might suffice to put a comment saying that in the introduction. If some have a single-player campaign or support playing against AI bots, that should be mentioned.

Several games mentioned do have single player mode (Cube, Sauerbraten, AssaultCube, Nexuiz, Hidden & Dangerous, Dinohunters, Kuma/War, OpenArena, ShootOut, Starsiege: Tribes, War§ow and X Operations, as far as I could learn from the respective articles). Could someone with more edditing experience than myself enter an additional column for that in the table? I think that is interesting information to have. Mcampos69 (talk) 12:08, 26 November 2007 (UTC)

Added "Single/Multiplier" comment to the "Notes" column. Source: Wikipedia articles for each game Mcampos69 (talk) 11:08, 27 November 2007 (UTC).

Fair use rationale for Image:Hidden and dangerous cover-01.jpg
Image:Hidden and dangerous cover-01.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 22:42, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

When do you plan to have a real list of FREE FPS ?????
This should be named "Your List of free first person shooters that you like", get real and make a real list of Free FPS. Or take this page down! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 96.226.74.105 (talk) 16:41, 30 January 2008 (UTC)
 * But that would give the impression that the only criteria would be that whoever was editing at the time had to like the game(s), and that's not right. It would also give the impression that the list was owned by someone, which again wouldn't be suitable. If you really wanted a rename I guess "List of notable free first-person shooters" would be a possibility, but the notion of notability is kind of implicit in most lists of this kind. Hope this helps, have a nice day. --Lijnema (talk) 18:29, 30 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Yes, "notable" goes without saying. It's a list of free FPSs that have wikipedia articles; it's a navigation tool rather than a directory of every FPS game that exists. Marasmusine (talk) 08:39, 31 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Still just a list that the people editing wikipedia like. Only notalble to the editor. There are lots of games more popular and notable not on your list, because you never heard of them. As I have never heard of some of the games on your list. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 96.226.74.105 (talk) 19:22, 31 January 2008 (UTC)
 * No, only notable per the wikipedia guidelines on notability. --Lijnema (talk) 00:21, 2 February 2008 (UTC)

I read the, wikipedia guidelines on notability, but dont see them in action here. What I do see, is still a list of person favorite FPS games96.226.74.105 (talk) 01:53, 2 February 2008 (UTC)

I don't think the "Free first-person shooter game engines" section belongs in this article
I don't think this should be in this article. People who are looking for free first person shooters are not likely to be searching for engines too. I do believe, however, that this section should have it's own page, once more information is gathered on the subject. 216.243.131.12 00:48, 5 August 2007 (UTC)

Inaccurate Article Title
Games that are fully licensed under the GNU GPL such as OpenArena are considered free software rather than freeware. Freeware implies that the software is gratis, but not open source. The article should use a more open word to express that the games are free in price, and not necessarily freeware (although some games on this page are prorietary). 98.114.46.118 (talk) 01:08, 13 September 2014 (UTC)

Ch ch ch ch changes
I'm converting this list to an actual list (in table format). I'm hoping this will cut down on the original research and promotional tone used in some of these entries. MarašmusïneTalk 15:36, 7 July 2007 (UTC)

Talk page reorganization
Hi, I have done a fairly major reorg of the structure of the talk page, I tried not to change anyones contributions too much. I hope that its easier to navigate now. Htaccess 06:13, 29 July 2007 (UTC)

TrueCombat: Elite
Why isn't "TrueCombat: Elite" included on this list? --Merrick79 18:22, 21 September 2007 (UTC)

 * As stated above, this list is for standalone games, not mods. --Noerrorsfound 10:05, 22 September 2007 (UTC)

AssaultCube is a mod of Cube!! But must be someone editing this page likes it. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 96.226.74.105 (talk) 01:47, 1 February 2008 (UTC)

Here is a quote off the cube web site "AssaultCube is probably the best Cube "mod" ever created. It comes with all new content and is playable as a standalone game. The gameplay provides a more "realistic" gameplay experience than Cube, featuring more modern weaponry and environments. Many gameplay modes are provided including CTF." See the word mod, the best Cube "mod"!!

 * Instead of complaining to some non-existant authority, why not remove the entry with something like "rm AssultCube. It's a mod, not a full game" in the edit summary? Perhaps a note on the talk page about the reasons for the removal if you want to be extra super careful. --Lijnema (talk) 00:21, 2 February 2008 (UTC)

 * AssaultCube does not require the original Cube game to play, so it qualifies as a full game because it is standalone. In contrast, TrueCombat:Elite will refuse to run if you don't have Enemy Territory installed. --Noerrorsfound (talk) 21:18, 29 February 2008 (UTC)

Its more of a battle trying to get something in Wikipedia and out of Wikipedia. Sorry you see it as complaining, I only say it as a observation. 96.226.74.105 (talk) 01:47, 2 February 2008 (UTC)

Battlefield heroes
someone please add this, I'm not familiar with wiki http://www.battlefield-heroes.com/ 99.191.74.209 (talk) 08:18, 26 October 2008 (UTC)
 * Done. What is the concensus about adding games to this list that offer optional micropayments for additional game content? Marasmusine (talk) 10:21, 26 October 2008 (UTC)

"What is the consensus about adding games to this list that offer optional micropayments for additional game content?" You guys may list 'Battlefield heroes' if you wish, but I looked over their site and decided against adding it to mine. I, personally, am against listing sites that derive operating revenue streams from exchanging ca$h for digital intangibles, or greater in game privileges. Such games can become unfair to non-paying players in small increments. I feel they should advertise their "imaginary" wares on their own advertising dollars (derived from said intangibles). So, when I'm manually 'crawling' sites like Wikipedia (this page!) or http://freeshooters.blogspot.com/ (a NICE List!) for free FPS games: I no longer add such games to my freeware listing web site. I prefer to just list the few open source or free games that really ARE fun AND totally free. There are no ads on my sites. I'm strictly a hobbyist and non-commercial – I've got nothing to sell – and I maintain my list for my OWN purposes (I don't care if anyone else finds it useful or not). I understand that ads are a necessary evil – the 'lifeblood' of the internet. I'm going to drag my feet about getting them for my sites for as long as is possible. This list is (of course) one of the most complete resources of it's type. I'll chip in when ever I find something interesting to contribute. I just like helping. (and there is my 3¢ worth for the week - I've used up my quota. B-) ) Carl McCall (talk) 16:35, 8 July 2010 (UTC)

Download Links
I jumped in and added download links. I gave preference to the download page on the official site, and turned to file hosting providers if I couldn't find one quickly. Also, I really do think a link to a download page is more useful than one to the file itself, since that is less likely to break/become outdated. Many webmasters seem to discourage direct links to files. This also preferable in the case of the cross platform games, for obvious reasons. Someone can add download sizes, if they're necessary. vlad§inger tlk  04:15, 22 February 2009 (UTC)
 * In any event, its against our guidelines to directly link to software downloads - see WP:EL. You might want to check those links with respect to WP:EL, too. We would normally only link to the official page, for example. Marasmusine (talk) 11:48, 22 February 2009 (UTC)

Warmonger
This game is listed as available for osx and linux, though this is not true. It's Windows only, according to both the website and its wiki. With all the things I research, I'm surprised that the first time Wikipedia ever disappointed me with misinformation, it was about a video game. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.4.136.41 (talk) 01:51, 11 April 2010 (UTC)

This game is GONE and should be removed immediately! Warmonger - Operation: Downtown Destruction at http://www.warmongergame.com/ - this Domain is for Sale. And the previous comment is also correct: it WAS Windows XP or Vista Only! Carl McCall (talk) 15:01, 8 July 2010 (UTC)

HL2: DM
Sorry if this has been discussed before, but since Half Life 2: Deathmatch is available for free (albeit only through Steam) it seems as if it should be added to the list.--81.141.239.225 (talk) 16:12, 21 March 2009 (UTC)
 * Its not free, it costs $4.99. It was free to some people who had ati or radeon graphics cards, and there may have been other deals. But its clearly not free to everyone.Blacksmith (talk) 10:29, 26 September 2009 (UTC)

Considerations
Please consider the FPS games from http://www.instantaction.com/ as well as http://www.battlefield-heroes.com/ —Preceding unsigned comment added by Andwan0 (talk • contribs) 17:45, 18 April 2009 (UTC)

Arena Live
This should be added. http://arenalive.zexos.org/ Dan Dart (talk) 16:05, 24 July 2009 (UTC)
 * Sure, if there is a reliable, third-party source for verification (WP:V). Marasmusine (talk) 18:27, 24 July 2009 (UTC)

Rising Eagle
This should be added. http://www.rising-eagle.com/ Publisher is http://www.igaworldwide.com/ Rising Eagle is a team-based, tactical first-person shooter set in 2040. Minimum system requirements: 2.4 GHz Pentium 4, 768MB RAM, 128MB video card Carl McCall (talk) 05:16, 29 November 2009 (UTC)
 * It doesn't seem to have received any media attention yet. Marasmusine (talk) 09:57, 29 November 2009 (UTC)

PRISM: Guard Shield
This should be added. http://prismthegame.com/ Publisher is http://www.rivalinteractive.com/ and http://www.arng.army.mil/Pages/Default.aspx  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 91.65.171.205 (talk) 15:02, 10 May 2010 (UTC)

"Official Website" column
Seems unnecessary, since the links are in the articles, and we are not a directory. Thoughts? Marasmusine (talk) 16:13, 19 July 2010 (UTC)

Spring cleaning
Just had a wander through the article and did a little cleanup:
 * 1) Removed a few entries - Army Rage, Red Crucible 2, Sub Rosa, and War Inc. - which either were speedily deleted for non-notability or advertising, or had no articles to begin with.
 * 2) Eliminated any redlinks. Except for the above games, the content is otherwise unchanged in these cases.
 * 3) Changed all instances of "micropayment" to the more accepted microtransaction.

Just an FYI. -- Y|yukichigai (ramble  argue  check ) 09:06, 3 May 2013 (UTC)

freeware clients
Can someone add the rest of the games mentioned at http://www.mmobomb.com/games/mmofps (2 pages). Also, perhaps we need to rename the page to "List of freeware first and third-person shooters"; this as many battlefield-type games allow switching between 1 and 3 person views and/or automatically switch when entering a vehicle. 109.130.240.129 (talk) 15:28, 19 August 2014 (UTC)

Missing games to consider?
Dirty Bomb https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirty_Bomb_%28video_game%29

Andwan0 (talk) 09:24, 24 May 2016 (UTC)


text:
Jiang Chunyun

Jiang Chunyun (April 1930 – 28 August 2021) was a Chinese politician most active in the 1980s and 1990s, who served as Vice-Premier, Vice-Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, and a member of the Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party.

Biography
Jiang was born in Laixi County, Shandong Province, in April 1930, and started work in 1946; he joined the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in February 1947. Since then, Jiang had served as secretary-general of the Chinese Communist Party Shandong Provincial Committee, secretary of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party Jinan Municipal Committee, governor of Shandong province, secretary of the CCP Shandong Provincial Committee, and vice-premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China.

When Jiang was elected Vice-Premier of the State Council by the National People's Congress in March 1995, 36 percent of delegates in the Congress either abstained or voted against confirming him. This was the largest protest vote in the Congress up to that time, and may have been due to the feeling of delegates that the NPC was not being allowed the authority it was granted under the Chinese constitution.

He died from an illness in Beijing, aged 91.

He was a member of the Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party, a member of the 13th, 14th, and 15th Central Committees, and a member of the 14th and 15th Politburos of the Chinese Communist Party.

title: Jiang Chunyun


text:
File:HiddenVagenda.jpg

Summary
Album cover for Kimya Dawson's 2004 recording Hidden Vagenda.

title: File:HiddenVagenda.jpg


text: File:SaveTheLastDance.jpg

title: File:SaveTheLastDance.jpg


text: User talk:216.46.66.146

title: User talk:216.46.66.146


text:
Pedubast I

Pedubastis I or Pedubast I was an Upper Egyptian Pharaoh of ancient Egypt during the 9th century BC.

Biography
Based on lunar dates which are known to belong to the reign of his rival Takelot II in Upper Egypt and the fact that Pedubast I first appeared as a local king at Thebes around Year 11 of Takelot II's rule, Pedubast I is today believed to have had his accession date in either 835 BC or 824 BC. This local Pharaoh is recorded as being of Libyan ancestry and ruled Egypt for 25 years according to the redaction of Manetho done by Eusebius. He first became king at Thebes in Year 8 of Shoshenq III and his highest dated Year is his 23rd Year according to Nile Level Text No. 29. This year is equivalent to Year 31 of Shoshenq III of the Tanis based 22nd Dynasty of Egypt; however, since Shoshenq II only controlled Lower Egypt in Memphis and the Delta region, Pedubast and Shoshenq III were not political rivals and may even have established a relationship. Indeed, Shoshenq III's son, the general and army leader Pashedbast B "built a vestibule door to Pylon X at Karnak, and in one and the same commemorative text thereon named his father as [king] Sheshonq (III)" but dated his actions here to Pedubast I. This may show some tacit support for the Pedubast faction by the Tanite-based 22nd dynasty king Shoshenq III.

Pedubast I was the main opponent to Takelot II and later, Osorkon B, of the 23rd Dynasty of Libyan kings of Upper Egypt at Thebes. His accession to power plunged Thebes into a protracted civil war which lasted for nearly three decades between these two competing factions. Each faction had a rival line of High Priests of Amun with Pedubast's being Harsiese B who is attested in office as early as Year 6 of Shoshenq III and then Takelot E who appears in office from Year 23 of Pedubast I. Osorkon B was Pedubast I and Harsiese's chief rival. This conflict is obliquely mentioned in the famous Chronicle of Prince Osorkon at Karnak. He was succeeded in power by Shoshenq VI.

Pedubast's bronze torso
The richly inlaid torso from a bronze statue that originally depicted Pedubast I is today on permanent display in the Calouste Gulbenkian Museum in Lisbon, Portugal and is considered to be one of the great masterpieces of Egyptian Third Intermediate Period Art. This object was purchased by Calouste Gulbenkian from December 13–16, 1921 from Frederik Muller & Cie through the well-known art dealer Joseph Duveen. The Pedubast statue is extremely rare since it is one of the very few large-sized bronze statues of Egyptian kings in existence and the only large surviving bronze one known for the Third Intermediate Period. The restored cartouches on the belt buckle and feather apron read respectively as: "Usermaatre-Chosen-of-Amun, Pedubaste Son-of-Bastet-Beloved of Amun" and "King of Upper and Lower Egypt, Lord of the Two Lands, Usermaatre-Chosen-of-Amun, Son of Re, Lord of Diadems, Pedubastet-Son-of-Bastet-Beloved-of-Amun." This object's provenance is not known but it is first recorded as being in the collection of Count Grigory Stroganoff (1829–1910), a member of the famous Russian family of connoisseurs and collectors, in 1880.

title: Pedubast I


text: User talk:84.13.26.57

title: User talk:84.13.26.57


text:
Pontypridd United F.C.

Pontypridd United FC (formerly Pontypridd Town AFC) is a Welsh football club, based in Pontypridd. The club play at USW Sports Park on Treforest Industrial Estate. The club plays in the Cymru South.

1990s
The club was formed in 1992 after Pontypridd Sports & Social Club merged with another team, Ynysybwl. They played at Ynysangharad Park in Pontypridd .It was decided in their second season at the Park that they should be called Pontypridd Town AFC.

2000s
In April 2006, former Cardiff City player Ryan Nicholls earned success at the first attempt as the club beat Cardiff Corries 4–1 to secure promotion for the 2006–07 season to the Welsh Football League First Division. Nicholls also took the club to round four of the Welsh Cup. Earlier in the competition, they had knocked out the Division Two and Division One champions, Pontardawe Town & Ton Pentre, as well as the biggest giant-killing of the season – a 1–0 home win over Welsh Premier League side Aberystwyth Town.

The team manager for the 2007–08 season was Mal Camilleri but after the club's successive relegations down to Division Three, the club was on the brink of collapse. Discussions between Pontypridd Town and Treforest began. At the 11th hour, the club received support from local businessman Clayton Jones and was saved. In 2009 Cardiff businessman Phil Gibb joined the club and Allan Davies was appointed as Manager. Davies was an experienced defender who also coached at Graig FC in 2008 and previously spent ten years at Burton Albion where he played under Nigel Clough.

2010s
In the 2010–11 season, the team started erratically, but from January they lost just two out of 20 games and they were on top of the table for more than two months. In the last week of the season, although they won the last game, they missed out on promotion to Division 2 on goal difference.

The 2013–14 season started with a change of management. Dominic Broad was appointed Manager, bringing in his brother Damien Broad as his Assistant Manager and Sam Houldsworth as First-team coach. A week before the season started the club only had only 2 signed players, the others having followed Allan Davies out of the club. They quickly set about signing enough players to field a team for the first match and set themselves the target of maintaining Welsh League status, which they achieved by finishing 15th that year.

On 29 July 2014, Ponty played a pre-season friendly against Valencia CF Mestalla, the second team of Spanish La Liga giants Valencia CF. In the run-up to the game, TalkSPORT radio presenter Colin Murray picked up on news of the match as it gathered national media attention and decided to come and watch the game, inviting any of his listeners to join him. Well over 100 people from around the UK booked their flights to Valencia and spent 3 days supporting the club. Against this professional team, the club came away with a 3–0 defeat.

In the summer of 2015, Assistant Manager Damien Broad took over the Manager's position from his brother Dominic due to work commitments; Dominic remained as Player/Assistant Manager. On 29 July 2015, exactly a year after the Valencia game, the club repeated it's feat by securing another high-profile friendly in Spain, this time against Deportivo de La Coruña.

In January 2016 Manager Damien Broad left the club having secured a prestigious coaching role with Manchester City based in China. Dominic Broad returned as Manager and lead the club to the Division Three title, breaking the club record for most wins in a season (25) with goalkeeper Ryan Griffiths breaking the club record for most Clean Sheets (14).

The talkSPORT Trophy: On 11 May 2016, almost 1,600 supporters from around the UK gathered in Ynysangharad Park to see Ponty Town take on the talkSPORT All-Stars. The brainchild of Dominic Broad and talksSPORT Radio presenter Colin Murray, the match saw a team of ex. professional footballers, other sportsmen and celebrities descended on Pontypridd in the inaugural talkSPORT Trophy. The All Stars fielded names including Danny Murphy, Dietmar Hamann, Danny Gabbidon, Simon Davies, Matthew Etherington, Micky Gray, Perry Groves, Martyn Williams, Mike Tindall, Sonny Pike, Max Rushden and Colin Murray. The club won the game 3–1 with goals from Luke Gullick, Scott Hillman and Omar Abdillahi, with a consolation penalty coming in the last minute for the All-Stars' Micky Gray.

After a successful 2015–16 season, the club sealed the Welsh Football League Division Three title in May 2016 after a 2–0 victory away at Tredegar Town. After their title-winning season, the club made several changes in the management team in their fierst season back in the Welsh Football League Division Two. Damien Broad returned in a Head Coach role at the club and alongside spending his days working at Bristol City's prestigious youth academy, whilst Welsh League veteran Phil Clay came in to replace Sam Houldsworth as Assistant Manager.

The Football Association of Wales were introducing the new Tier 2 Ground regulations for the 2018–19 season and Pontypridd Town's Ynysangharad Park did not comply with the new standards. After exploring a number of ground options with various parties including the local authority and Pontypridd RFC, the club approached the University of South Wales (USW) about the use of their Sports Campus on Treforest Industrial Estate and proceeded to use these facilities from the start of the 2017–18 campaign.

The club under Dom and Damien Broad had a tremendous season and obtained promotion to Welsh Football League Division One as runners up as well as getting to the fourth round of the Welsh Cup (eliminated by Penydarren BGC, then of the South Wales Alliance League). Unfortunately the new University of South Wales Tier 2 level facility was held up which meant the club either had to turn down promotion or find a ground share at a Tier 2 ground. After being turned down by Merthyr Town, Cambrian & Clydach and Ystrad Mynach Sports Centre, the club were helped by the Cardiff Athletic Stadium to start their season in the First Division after an FAW appeal. Due to excessive wear of the new surface at the Stadium the club had to find another ground after playing half the season there. Aberdare Town gave the club permission to play at their Aberaman Park tier 2 ground for the remainder of the season.

The club appointed Lee Kendall as their new Manager with eleven games to go to the end of the season to replace the Broad brothers who left for personal reasons. Kendall is a fully qualified 'A' licence coach both for outfield players as well as goalkeepers. Kendall left The Dragons at the end of the 2018–19 season. His assistant, Jonathan Jones, was appointed as his successor for the inaugural Cymru South campaign.

2020s
The club started the 2020s with matches until COVID-19 hit and multiple games were cancelled. They then wouldn't play a match until July 16 of 2021, were they would play Briton Ferry in a Welsh League Cup match in which Pontypridd would win on penalties 4 to 3.

The club finished as runners-up in the 2021–22 Cymru South season and were promoted to the Cymru Premier after champions Llantwit Major were not awarded Tier 1 status by the Football Association of Wales. Jones resigned as manager at the end of the season.

Going into the new season, the club was renamed from Pontypridd Town to Pontypridd United in June 2022. Stated by club president Max James, this name change was because the club had moved from the town centre to Treforest and believed that the United name was the more appropriate name, although the club was still in the Pontypridd District. In their first season in the Cymru Premier the club would come out of the gates struggling. Because of this, the club sat in 11th at the end of the regular season. Only above 12th placed Broughton who had -2 points due to being deducted 3 points during the regular season. However, in the play-offs the dragons would perform much better. Pontypridd United would finish 8th in the Cymru Premier after having just 1 loss in 10 matches during the play-offs. Goalkeeper George Ratcliffe stepped up during the play-offs as the clubs goal difference went from -20 to -11. On the goals forced side of things the club did pretty well for a newly promoted side, scoring 41 goals in 32 matches. About 32% of those goals came from Benjamin Ahmun who scored 13 goals across the season. Because of these 13 goals he was tied for 5th in the top goal scored in the Cymru Premier. Overall, the club had a decently successful season in the Cymru Premier. The club hopes for prosperity in the 2023-24 Cymru Premier season.

Notable former players
For all players with a Wikipedia article see Category:Pontypridd United F.C. players.

Honours
Welsh Football League
 * Division 3 Winners: 2015–16
 * Promotion to Cymru Premier: 2021–22

title: Pontypridd United F.C.


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title: User talk:81.131.140.120