text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/B1249 road/2005-08-23

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was speedy keep at nominator's request. Sjakkalle (Check!)  12:26, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

B1249 road
Utterly non notable B-road. User:SPUI is creating them whilst well aware of the consensus forming to delete such nn cruft articles Proto t c 11:57, 23 August 2005 (UTC) Withdrawn - see below. Proto t c 12:24, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, nn. Radiant_ >|< 11:58, August 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. This article was listed for deletion on 6 August and the VfD was closed no consensus on 18 August, five days ago:  Votes_for_deletion/B1249.  Incidentally the result of that VfD demonstrates that there is no consensus on roads. All User:SPUI has done is move the article from B1249 to B1249 road.  You have your facts wrong.  I suggest that this premature relisting should be removed, although you may have relisted it in error, believing that the article was a new creation. --Tony Sidaway Talk  12:14, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the info, Tony. I didn't realise that the article had already been through VfD, although interestingly I count 10-5 on the prior VfD in favour of deleting it - this is hardly a 'no consensus' tally; it should have been deleted that time.  However, as five days is indeed far too short a period to resubmit an article for VfD, I will withdraw the nomination.  I'll renominate it in a few weeks; hopefully then an admin will interpret a consensus to delete in the correct manner. Could an admin close this VfD, please? Proto t c 12:24, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Done. Sjakkalle (Check!)  12:26, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User talk:Precinct13

I suggest barrack does mean the opposite in Australian English to its British usage. Can you explain what you mean? Grant65 (Talk) 11:57, August 23, 2005 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:08, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:33, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Precinct13


text: User:TopQuark

title: User:TopQuark


text:
Talk:Thomas Holloway

Untitled
Thomas's mother was not in fact widowed in Penzance; his father died in London in 1836. [Author, biography of Thomas Holloway, publ. by RHC.]

Royal Holloway College is indeed inspired by Chateau Chambord, but the Sanatorium building in Virginia Water is a Dutch Gothic building loosely based on the Cloth Hall at Ypres.

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scientific evaluation of them after his death showed that few of them contained any ingredients which would be considered to be of significant medicinal value
I am proposing to remove this statement on the following 2 grounds (a) the citation does not appear to justify the statement (b) lack of efficacy was actually the norm in the 19th century any objections? Brownturkey (talk) 08:32, 19 August 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Thomas Holloway


text:
Talk:Rovers Return Inn

Clean-Up
Have put in a clean up template and worked a bit on the intro. Though I think the information in there is generally quite good, I feel taht there is probably a bit too much detail in some places for an encycolpedia.

Also, most importantly, the 'names over the door' bit nedds to be bought properly up to date Robdurbar 11:59, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

 * OK, well I've re-written the history section; don't really no enough to do the rest and the modern era without a bit of research; anyone wanting to contribute would be helpful!! Robdurbar 18:29, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

The Rovers page was my work, I forgot to sign in previously! Thank you to all for cleaning it up. Shaneo619 13:01, 11 January 2006 (UTC)
 * I noticed a few episodes ago on the side of the rovers facade that it said 'Newton and Ridley' does this mean its once again ran by Newton and Ridley? User:Ant Parker 19:01, 18 Febuary 2007 (UTC)

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Images
Do we really  need TWO identical  photos in  this article? --Kudpung กุดผึ้ง (talk) 09:54, 30 August 2011 (UTC)

Yankees
This article, mostly unreferenced as it is, says nothing of a Newton & Ridley plan to turn The Rovers into an American themed bar named Yankees. Thought I'd mention this as a later attempt to rename the pub is mentioned. This is Paul (talk) 20:52, 20 June 2014 (UTC)

Merge Newton and Ridley into this article?
There is a tiny, tiny stub on Newton and Ridley which can never really grow beyond stub length. Surely it would make more sense as a section in the Rovers Return article? Grutness...wha?  07:51, 2 February 2016 (UTC)

 * Agree. Newton and Ridley is essentially a fictional character it is not encyclopedic. Have added a delete schedule

Hmcst1 (talk) 09:35, 13 August 2017 (UTC)

History and staff pre 1960
How much of the pre 1960 history (ie before Episode 1) is actually accepted as cannon by the production team, especially the staff? I know for example that the Corbishley family. Janey Atkinson and Bridges were included in tie-in media in the 1990s, notably Daran Little's books, but I am not sure they and some of the other staff listed here have ever been mentioned on screen or if they are considered definitive by the current production team (I have a vague feeling that George Diggins may have been mentioned as proceeding the Walkers on screen, but am not certain). If they just appear in extended media, then that should perhaps be noted. Equally some of the staff names here are unfamiliar to me, and I do not think ever appeared in the series. If they did come in from tie-in media, it would be helpful for a source to be cited. Dunarc (talk) 20:10, 30 December 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Rovers Return Inn


text:
Marcel Duchamp Prize

The Marcel Duchamp Prize (in French : Prix Marcel Duchamp) is an annual award given to a young artist by the Association pour la Diffusion Internationale de l'Art Français (ADIAF).

The winner receives €35,000 personally and up to €30,000 in order to produce an exhibition of their work in the Modern Art museum (Centre Georges Pompidou).

The prize is named after the artist Marcel Duchamp.

History of the Marcel-Duchamp Prize
In the early 1990s, an association was created, the ADIAF (Association for the international dissemination of French art), notably by Gilles Fuchs, international lawyer but also art collector, and by the gallery owner Daniel Templon, to participate in better promotion and distribution of the works of French visual artists. Launched by a group of five people, the ADIAF has nearly 400 members in 2020. You become a member by cooptation: you have to be a collector (but this criterion includes exceptions, in particular some gallery owners, brokers and art restorers) and be interested in the French art scene.

title: Marcel Duchamp Prize


text:
Peter Knights

Peter Knights (born 30 March 1952) is a former professional Australian rules footballer who played for in the Victorian Football League (VFL). After retiring as a player, he was appointed the inaugural coach of the and later returned to coach Hawthorn during the 1990s.

Knights is regarded as one of the greatest centre half-backs to have ever played Australian rules football, thrilling and endearing himself to spectators with his fair play and superb skills, most notably his spectacular high marking and prodigious torpedo punt kicking. He was one of the inaugural inductees when the Australian Football Hall of Fame was launched in 1996, and was appointed the eighth Legend in Hawthorn's Hall of Fame in 2017. Although considered unlucky not to win the game's highest individual honour, the Brownlow Medal - having twice finished runner-up in the vote count - Knights was nonetheless part of three VFL premiership teams during a highly successful era for the Hawks.

It was fortuitous for Hawthorn that Knights' career coincided with that of fellow Hawthorn and AFL champion Leigh Matthews, with both making their senior VFL debuts in the same year (1969) and also finishing their careers the same year (1985). However, while Matthews' robust physique enabled him to play well over 300 games, Knights - who was no less courageous in going for the ball - struggled to reach 250 games over the same time period due to the many serious injuries he suffered over the course of his playing career.

Early years
Knights was one of two children born to Lindsay Thomas Knights and his wife Fay, the other child being his sister Alison. They were raised on the family dairy farm near the town of Longwarry, situated over 80 kilometres south-east of Melbourne. Knights played football for Longwarry - which at the time was in the West Gippsland Football League - and attended Drouin High School (now Drouin Secondary College), where in his final year (1970) he was named School Captain. However, due to his busy schedule of constantly commuting to and from Melbourne for training and games with Hawthorn, Knights was unable to attain the academic grades he wanted. Subsequently, Hawthorn coach John Kennedy sr. suggested that Knights repeat his year 12 studies at Camberwell High School. Upon Kennedy's passing in 2020, Knights reminisced fondly about that time:

"He [Kennedy] was very high up in the education department at that time, on the teachers' tribunal, and he strongly recommended to my parents that young Peter should come to Melbourne and do his schooling in Melbourne. He said to my parents it will help his [Knights'] footy and certainly help his schooling... I was so intimidated about doing that but, as it turned out, it was the best move I could have made."

Conveniently for Knights, he was able to stay with relatives in Canterbury, the prestigious suburb where Camberwell High School was situated. The school was also near Glenferrie Oval, Hawthorn's home ground at the time. He was in his own words a "quiet and shy" country kid when he arrived at Hawthorn, and it would be champion rover Peter Crimmins who helped Knights settle in at the club. He became easily identifiable on the field with his blond hair and his ability to frequently take spectacular high marks. He was also a great exponent of the drop kick and the torpedo punt kick.

After playing only five games in his debut season, Knights established himself in the first team in 1970. The following year he did so well in that position that he was chosen for Victoria, winning the Simpson Medal for the best on ground in the match against Western Australia in Perth. However, he missed out on Hawthorn's 1971 premiership success due to a knee injury.

Knights was moved briefly to full-forward in 1972 after a serious knee injury to Peter Hudson forced Hawthorn to experiment in the position before finally settling on Michael Moncrieff. He actually finished as Hawthorn's leading goal-kicking with 46 goals, but was moved back to defence before the season was over. After injury problems restricted his 1973 season, for the next three years Knights was rated the best centre half-back in the game. In 1975, Knights finally had the chance to participate in the first of four Grand Finals. North Melbourne were too good on the day, winning their first-ever Premiership. Knights was Hawthorn's best player on the day, and capped off a fine personal year by winning the club Best and Fairest award.

Premiership Success
Knights' stellar form continued into 1976 before he suffered a broken collarbone early in the match against in Round 14, which ruled him out for the next seven matches. Despite this, Knights still managed to come second in the 1976 Brownlow Medal count, polling an astonishing 45 votes to finish three votes behind Essendon's Graham Moss. He shrugged off that disappointment to be one of Hawthorn's best players in the 1976 VFL Grand Final triumph, later joining some of his teammates at Peter Crimmins' bedside.

From 1977 onwards Knights was frequently rested up forward to reduce the risk of injuries, but still did enough great work at centre half-back to finish one vote behind Malcolm Blight in the 1978 Brownlow Medal count. He would shrug off the disappointment of finishing runner-up in the Brownlow by starring in the 1978 VFL Grand Final. After being knocked out while playing in defence, Knights was moved forward in the last quarter, where he took a series of fine marks and kicked two goals to help secure Hawthorn's fourth Premiership. During his stellar 1978 season Knights also claimed his second Simpson Medal with a dominant display for Victoria against WA in Perth.

Later Playing Years
The litany of injuries that Knights had suffered through his career began to catch up with him, and from 1979 to 1981, he played in only 26 out of a possible 66 games. Amid rumours of retirement, Knights rebounded to play impressive football in his final years. In 1983, he booted six goals in the Qualifying Final to guide Hawthorn to a thrilling four-point win against Fitzroy, and was again among the best players on the field as the Hawks crushed in the Grand Final. Knights reached the 250-game milestone the following season against, gathering 23 possessions and kicking two goals, but a knee injury restricted him to just three further games.

In the lead-up to the 1985 VFL season, Knights endured more misfortune when he fell ill during a Reserves match against Essendon at VFL Park on 23 March. He left the ground at three-quarter time and was taken to Fairfield Hospital after the game, suffering from vomiting and shaking. While heat exhaustion had been ruled out, the illness was thought to be a mysterious virus and kept Knights in hospital for several days. Once back into the senior side, Knights showed traces of brilliant form – kicking nine goals against in Round 10. The Preliminary Final against would turn out to be his final VFL game. He had just four disposals, and was dropped for the Grand Final, a surprising decision for some people, given his reputation as a performer on the VFL's biggest stage. Yet again, Knights would bounce back from the disappointment to finish his career in a semblance of style, kicking a bag of goals to help Hawthorn defeat Carlton in the reserves Grand Final.

Coaching career
Although Knights enjoyed spectacular success on the field, it was a different story as a senior coach. However, it should also be remembered that he was in charge of teams that were either relatively new and inexperienced (Brisbane), or undergoing restructuring (Hawthorn).

Brisbane Bears senior coach
In 1986, the VFL decided to expand and include one team each from Western Australia and Queensland. The Brisbane Bears, based on the Gold Coast in South East Queensland, recruited Knights as their inaugural senior coach, despite his lack of coaching experience. The club won their first game, and although expectations of the new side were low, it was considered a significant achievement that the team was able to avoid finishing last in their first season. Despite this, the Bears' results in 1988 and 1989 failed to improve, with the club suffering regular thrashings. Besides the substandard quality of the training and playing facilities, lack of assistance from the VFL, and squad disharmony, Knights also had limited control over team selection; part way through the 1988 VFL season, he wanted star signing Warwick Capper dropped from the senior team due to poor form, but was overruled by club president Paul Cronin. Knights was sacked as Brisbane Bears senior coach with seven games remaining in the 1989 season and replaced with team psychologist, Paul Feltham. Knights was considered to have been unlucky, as ineffective club management and poor relationships amongst his underperforming players seen as major contributing factors in the club's performance.

Devonport Football Club
Kneights then went to do brief coaching stint at Tasmanian club Devonport from 1990 to 1993,

Hawthorn Football Club senior coach
Knights returned to Hawthorn as senior coach for the 1994 AFL season. He managed to lead the team into the finals series, but were knocked out by in the first final. The following year the team finished second last, however, and Knights was again sacked.

Other coaching roles
In 2009, Knights was appointed senior representative coach of the Victorian Country Football League and held the position until 2016.

Playing statistics
! colspan=3| Career ! 264 !! 201 !! 138 !! 3356 !! 719 !! 4075 !! 1348 !! 0.8 !! 0.5 !! 12.7 !! 2.7 !! 15.4 !! 5.1 !! 126
 * 1969 || || 24
 * 5 || 3 || 1 || 34 || 9 || 43 || 10 || 0.6 || 0.2 || 6.8 || 1.8 || 8.6 || 2.0 || 0
 * 1970 || || 24
 * 18 || 5 || 0 || 265 || 28 || 293 || 84 || 0.3 || 0.0 || 14.7 || 1.6 || 16.3 || 4.7 || 4
 * 1971 || || 24
 * 22 || 4 || 1 || 320 || 29 || 349 || 130 || 0.2 || 0.0 || 14.5 || 1.3 || 15.9 || 5.9 || 2
 * 1972 || || 24
 * 20 || 46 || 27 || 247 || 15 || 262 || 111 || 2.3 || 1.4 || 12.4 || 0.8 || 13.1 || 5.6 || 9
 * 1973 || || 24
 * 15 || 8 || 5 || 157 || 30 || 187 || 50 || 0.5 || 0.3 || 10.5 || 2.0 || 12.5 || 3.3 || 3
 * 1974 || || 24
 * 24 || 1 || 1 || 328 || 39 || 367 || 121 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 13.7 || 1.6 || 15.3 || 5.0 || 6
 * 1975 || || 24
 * 23 || 3 || 4 || 326 || 35 || 361 || 123 || 0.1 || 0.2 || 14.2 || 1.5 || 15.7 || 5.3 || 9
 * bgcolor=F0E68C | 1976# || || 24
 * 18 || 2 || 0 || 241 || 46 || 287 || 76 || 0.1 || 0.0 || 13.4 || 2.6 || 15.9 || 4.2 || 45
 * 1977 || || 24
 * 19 || 15 || 8 || 222 || 70 || 292 || 82 || 0.8 || 0.4 || 11.7 || 3.7 || 15.4 || 4.3 || 5
 * bgcolor=F0E68C | 1978# ||
 * 24 || 22 || 8 || 10 || 329 || 105 || 434 || 142 || 0.4 || 0.5 || 15.0 || 4.8 || 19.7 || 6.5 || 21
 * 1979 || || 24
 * 11 || 10 || 7 || 143 || 54 || 197 || 53 || 0.9 || 0.6 || 13.0 || 4.9 || 17.9 || 4.8 || 5
 * 1980 || || 24
 * 7 || 1 || 3 || 79 || 24 || 103 || 25 || 0.1 || 0.4 || 11.3 || 3.4 || 14.7 || 3.6 || 0
 * 1981 || || 24
 * 8 || 1 || 2 || 91 || 39 || 130 || 47 || 0.1 || 0.3 || 11.4 || 4.9 || 16.3 || 5.9 || 5
 * 1982 || || 24
 * 14 || 14 || 18 || 141 || 52 || 193 || 54 || 1.0 || 1.3 || 10.1 || 3.7 || 13.8 || 3.9 || 2
 * bgcolor=F0E68C | 1983# || || 24
 * 21 || 38 || 29 || 279 || 108 || 387 || 144 || 1.8 || 1.4 || 13.3 || 5.1 || 18.4 || 6.9 || 7
 * 1984 || || 24
 * 4 || 5 || 3 || 33 || 13 || 46 || 21 || 1.3 || 0.8 || 8.3 || 3.3 || 11.5 || 5.3 || 0
 * 1985 || || 24
 * 13 || 37 || 19 || 121 || 23 || 144 || 75 || 2.8 || 1.5 || 9.3 || 1.8 || 11.1 || 5.8 || 3
 * - class="sortbottom"
 * 7 || 1 || 3 || 79 || 24 || 103 || 25 || 0.1 || 0.4 || 11.3 || 3.4 || 14.7 || 3.6 || 0
 * 1981 || || 24
 * 8 || 1 || 2 || 91 || 39 || 130 || 47 || 0.1 || 0.3 || 11.4 || 4.9 || 16.3 || 5.9 || 5
 * 1982 || || 24
 * 14 || 14 || 18 || 141 || 52 || 193 || 54 || 1.0 || 1.3 || 10.1 || 3.7 || 13.8 || 3.9 || 2
 * bgcolor=F0E68C | 1983# || || 24
 * 21 || 38 || 29 || 279 || 108 || 387 || 144 || 1.8 || 1.4 || 13.3 || 5.1 || 18.4 || 6.9 || 7
 * 1984 || || 24
 * 4 || 5 || 3 || 33 || 13 || 46 || 21 || 1.3 || 0.8 || 8.3 || 3.3 || 11.5 || 5.3 || 0
 * 1985 || || 24
 * 13 || 37 || 19 || 121 || 23 || 144 || 75 || 2.8 || 1.5 || 9.3 || 1.8 || 11.1 || 5.8 || 3
 * - class="sortbottom"
 * 4 || 5 || 3 || 33 || 13 || 46 || 21 || 1.3 || 0.8 || 8.3 || 3.3 || 11.5 || 5.3 || 0
 * 1985 || || 24
 * 13 || 37 || 19 || 121 || 23 || 144 || 75 || 2.8 || 1.5 || 9.3 || 1.8 || 11.1 || 5.8 || 3
 * - class="sortbottom"
 * - class="sortbottom"
 * }

Coaching statistics
! colspan=2| Career totals ! 104 !! 36 !! 68 !! 0 !! 34.6% ! colspan=2|
 * 1987 ||
 * 22 || 6 || 16 || 0 || 27.3% || 13 || 14
 * 1988 ||
 * 22 || 7 || 15 || 0 || 31.8% || 13 || 14
 * 1989 ||
 * 15 || 3 || 12 || 0 || 20.0% || N/A || 14
 * 1994 ||
 * 23 || 13 || 10 || 0 || 56.5% || 6 || 15
 * 1995 ||
 * 22 || 7 || 15 || 0 || 31.8% || 15 || 16
 * - class="sortbottom"
 * 23 || 13 || 10 || 0 || 56.5% || 6 || 15
 * 1995 ||
 * 22 || 7 || 15 || 0 || 31.8% || 15 || 16
 * - class="sortbottom"
 * - class="sortbottom"
 * }

Playing
Team
 * 3× VFL premiership player : 1976, 1978, 1983
 * 2× Minor premiership : 1971, 1975

Individual
 * 2× Peter Crimmins Perpetual Memorial Trophy: 1975, 1978
 * Hawthorn leading goalkicker: 1972
 * 2× Victoria Australian rules football team: 1971, 1983
 * 2× Simpson Medal: 1971, 1978
 * Australian Football Media Association Player of the Year: 1976
 * 3× Mark of the Year: 1972, 1975, 1977
 * Australian Football Hall of Fame inductee
 * Hawthorn Hall of Fame inductee – Legend status
 * Hawthorn Team of the century

Coaching
Individual
 * Queensland Australian rules football team: 1988

Personal life
Knights had a son, Benjamin, in 1978 with his first wife Julie. He divorced and remarried Angela, a schoolteacher, and had two daughters, Sarah (born 1993) and Rebecca. In February 2015, Knights publicly revealed that Sarah had been struggling with a mystery illness that left her confined to a wheelchair. Sarah and her mother flew to Germany for specialist treatment, where a diagnosis of Lyme disease was confirmed. They returned to Melbourne later in the year to commence intensive rehabilitation.

title: Peter Knights


text:
Aardklop

Aardklop is an annual South African arts festival held in Potchefstroom, South Africa. Potchefstroom has always been a cultural city and home to several well-known South African writers and artists.

The Aardklop National Arts Festival has been in existence from 1998 and has since become a bastion of arts and culture in South Africa. The festival incorporates predominantly, but not exclusively, Afrikaans theatre, music, cabaret and visual arts, presented in a variety of venues across the town.

A large crafts market and open-air performances also form an integral part of the festival. The event annually draws more than 700 artists over a period of 6 days.

The festival not only plays a huge role in the local economy of Potchefstroom, but also contributes largely to the economy of the greater North West Province.

title: Aardklop


text:
Talk:Bill Ponsford

Intro
He was one of the greatest players of spin bowling, but was less at home against express pace.

I added this line a long time back and it now has made it to the intro. The first half of the line came from Robertson-Glasgow's article on Bradman in Wisden 1949, but am feeling a little uneasy about the 'less at home against express pace' part. I can't remember where I got that from - possibly it was based on the troubles that he had with Larwood in 1928-29. It would be better if we could get a proper citation, or modify it to something that we are certain about. Tintin (talk) 14:25, 23 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I am deleting that second half. It may also be better to pull this line to the middle of the text rather than leave it in the intro. Tintin (talk) 03:22, 24 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Agreed; it shouldn't have found its way into the intro - sorry! However, the assertion is certainly warranted: his Cricinfo profile says Against high pace he was less secure, and when facing left-armers like Voce and Quinn, the South African, he at times showed a tendency to move too far across his wicket..  --RobertG ♬ talk 08:41, 24 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Thanks for finding a citation. I don't feel guilty now :-) Tintin (talk) 08:47, 24 May 2006 (UTC)

"mainly due to Tate's posthumous swing" what does this mean? I could guess, but thats not the point of an encyclopaedia Johnnybriggs (talk) 08:41, 16 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Aha ! I am changing it to "late", guessing that it is what the writer meant. Tintin 08:53, 16 May 2008 (UTC)

"Despite being heavily built, Ponsford was quick on his feet" sounds a little like a casual remark that a commentator might make, it really makes an assumption that heavily built people (whatever that means) are slow on their feet. There is another reference to this in the "Style and personality" section. ''Ponsford was a thickset man, weighing in at around 13 stone (83 kg) during his playing career. Despite this, he was known for his quick footwork,'' we again are given the impression that despite his frame he succeeded.

Otherwise it is an extremely comprehensive article.

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Stephens Creek Dam

The Stephens Creek Dam is an earth-filled embankment dam built on a rock foundation with an uncontrolled spillway across the Stephens Creek, located in the Far West region of New South Wales, Australia. The principal purpose of the dam is to supply potable water for the town of. The impounded 2000 ML reservoir is called Stephens Creek Reservoir.

Location and features
The dam was completed in 1892 by the Broken Hill Water Supply Company to provide a continuing water source for drought-ridden Broken Hill. The reservoir soon became inadequate and a further reservoir, Umberumberka, was built to add to the water supply. Stephens Creek Reservoir remains the primary water source for Broken Hill, a city of around 20,000 people and is a popular picnic area.

The height of the dam wall is 15 m, and 140 m in length. The earth-filled embankment wall is 112 e3m3 by volume. The uncontrolled spillway discharges overflow at the rate of 900 m3/s. The reservoir has a maximum storage capacity of 2000 ML, over a surface area of 8.5 km2, and drawn from a catchment area of 510 km2.

The facility is owned and operated by Essential Energy, which, prior to 2004 was Australian Inland Energy and Water.

title: Stephens Creek Dam


text:
Brachiosauridae

The Brachiosauridae ("arm lizards", from Greek brachion (βραχίων) = "arm" and sauros = "lizard") are a family or clade of herbivorous, quadrupedal sauropod dinosaurs. Brachiosaurids had long necks that enabled them to access the leaves of tall trees that other sauropods would have been unable to reach. In addition, they possessed thick spoon-shaped teeth which helped them to consume tough plants more efficiently than other sauropods. They have also been characterized by a few unique traits or synapomorphies; dorsal vertebrae with 'rod-like' transverse processes and an ischium with an abbreviated pubic peduncle.

Brachiosaurus is one of the best-known members of the Brachiosauridae, and was once thought to be the largest land animal to ever live. Brachiosaurids thrived in the regions which are now North and South America, Africa, Europe, and Asia. They first appear in the fossil record in the Late Jurassic Period (possibly even earlier in the Middle Jurassic) and disappear in the late Early Cretaceous Period. The broad distribution of Brachiosauridae in both northern and southern continents suggests that the group originated prior to the breakup of Pangaea. In the Early Cretaceous the distribution of the group is dramatically reduced. It is still unclear whether this reduction is due to local extinctions or to the limited nature of the Early Cretaceous fossil record.

Brachiosauridae has been defined as all titanosauriforms that are more closely related to Brachiosaurus than to Saltasaurus. It is one of the three main groups of the clade Titanosauriformes, which also includes the Euhelopodidae and the Titanosauria.

Description
The Brachiosauridae are composed of quadrupedal dinosaurs that are generally very large, with the exception of the possible insular dwarf Europasaurus. The brachiosaurids can be distinguished from other macronarian taxa by their broad, thick and spoon-shaped teeth. Their maxillary teeth were twisted apically, at the top, and the shape of these teeth was optimal for biting off resistant vegetation. While brachiosaurids, like other sauropods, did not perform significant food processing in their mouths, their teeth enabled them to slice through food instead of having to pull it from tree branches. Evidence for this precision shearing consists of apical wear facets on the teeth and distinctive bone structure that suggests orthal, vertical, jaw action. In addition, the characteristic long necks of brachiosaurids are distinct from those of other long-necked dinosaur taxa. They possessed a narrow neck composed of twelve to thirteen extremely long cervical vertebrae that was laterally inflexible and dorsoventrally, vertically, flexible. This meant that brachiosaurids could angle their necks up and lift their heads, enabling them to graze from treetops up to a height of about fourteen meters. It has been argued that other sauropods lacked this dorsoventral flexibility and that their necks stretched outwards in front of them instead of upwards. Brachiosaurids have more often been found in the conifer-rich sites, like the Tendaguru, than in the Morrison deposits, suggesting that their fitness was increased by the presence of taller conifer food sources.

However, the giant size and long necks of brachiosaurids meant that they required tremendous pressure to bring oxygenated blood to their brains. It has been proposed that sauropods possessed a four-chambered double pump heart, with one pump for oxygenated and one pump for deoxygenated blood.

As in all Macronaria, the forelimbs of brachiosaurids are long relative to the hindlimbs, but this trait is more pronounced in brachiosaurids. The forelimbs were very slender for a sauropod and the metacarpal bones of the forelimb were elongated. These adaptations overall increased the stride length of the forelimbs, arguably resulting in an uneven gait. However, it was previously argued that they were hindlimb dominant like other sauropods, and thus had the ability to rear up on their hindlimbs. Based on the structure of their legs, making it impossible for them to run, it is likely that they moved about in a low walking speed (20–40 km/day), but were capable of moving faster when necessary, up to 20–30 km/hour, depending on leg length.

Brachiosaurids shared synapomorphies, new traits typical for the group. They possessed middle and rear back vertebrae with long, 'rod-like' transverse processes. In the pelvis, the ischium had a shortened pubic peduncle, the contact surface with the pubic bone. Their humeri, upper arm bones, had a large deltopectoral crest. Their skull roofs showed wide supratemporal fenestrae, openings for the muscles. They had neural arches placed more on front of the vertebrae, shoulder blades that were expanded at the top end, irregularly shaped coracoids in the shoulder girdle, and triangular projections on the underside of the front branch of their quadratojugal bones at the lower rear corner of the skull.

Changing classifications
In 1903, Elmer Samuel Riggs described and named Brachiosaurus. In 1904, he created a new sauropod family, the Brachiosauridae. He published a complete description of the phenotype after examining the humerus, femur, coracoid, and sacrum of the Brachiosaurus holotype that had been prepared at the Field Columbian Museum. Since then, the classification of these sauropods has been through many changes. Marsh's multifamily theory of sauropod classification prevailed until 1929, when Werner Janensch proposed a two-family theory based on differences in sauropod teeth. Macronarians with broad, spatulate teeth, were placed in the family Brachiosauridae, while sauropods with more slender and peg-shaped teeth were considered titanosaurs. This put diplodocids and titanosaurids together in one group based on their similar teeth, despite the many other differences between the taxa. Today, about four to five groups within the Macronaria are considered families (with names ending in ~idae).

In 1997, Salgado, Coria and Calvo studied the traits that had been used to set the Brachiosauridae apart and determined that they were in fact plesiomorphic, original, for all basal Titanosauriformes. They proposed that some characteristics that had been used to differentiate Brachiosaurus were synapomorphies for the Titanosauriformes as a whole. They concluded that the family Brachiosauridae was actually a "grade" of not specially related primitive titanosauriforms, and not a stable separate clade. They partly based this conclusion on similar humerus:femur length ratios known for titanosauriforms, basal titanosaurs, and more basal sauropods. However, in 1998 Sereno & Wilson published data contrary to the conclusions in Salgado et al.'s article, indicating that the Brachiosauridae were a separate clade in the Titanosauriformes. After 1998, new brachiosaurid species have been named, generally confirming that the Brachiosauridae were a natural group.

Important findings
In 1943, de Lapparent described the "French Bothriospondylus" from the Oxfordian of France which dates to the Late Jurassic, which was identified in 2013 by Philip Mannion as a brachiosaurid and named Vouivria damparisensis in 2017. This specimen represents the oldest undisputed record of the brachiosaurid group.

The following diagram is a timeline of important brachiosaurid discoveries, the date given being that of the naming of the genus. The actual excavation was often much earlier, in the case of Vouivria eighty-three years and of Duriatitan at least 136 years.

Paleobiogeographic distribution
Definitive brachiosaurid remains have been found from the Late Jurassic Period to the Early Cretaceous, from about 157 to 93 million years ago. In addition, Macronaria in general first appear in the Late Jurassic. However, the almost simultaneous appearance of Camarasaurus, Brachiosaurus, and a possible titanosaur suggest that they originated earlier, closer to the Mid-Jurassic.

Trackway evidence also supports a Middle Jurassic origin for titanosaurs, which implies the same for all neosauropods. Brachiosaurids in particular have a broad distribution dating to the Late Jurassic. Late Jurassic specimens have been discovered in the northern and southern Hemispheres, including North America, Africa, Europe, and South America. This suggests that brachiosaurids originated in the Middle Jurassic, prior to the breakup of Pangaea, followed by diversification and dispersal that resulted in the global spread present in the Late Jurassic.

This conclusion is further supported by paleogeographic data. While many Late Jurassic dinosaur remains have been found in China, no brachiosaurid remains have been uncovered in East Asia. This would support the Middle Jurassic origin theory since East Asia was separated from the rest of Pangaea by water from the late Middle Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous.

While brachiosaurids were widely dispersed in the Late Jurassic, their geographic distribution narrowed in the Early Cretaceous. So far, brachiosaurid specimens have only been found in the Aptian-Albian region of North America. This reduction in distribution occurs immediately following the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary. The brachiosaurid distribution in the Early Cretaceous has been interpreted as a result of regional extinctions in Europe, Africa, and South America. Overall, the Early Cretaceous seems to be a time of reduced sauropod diversity worldwide. It has been argued that this change may be due to an extinction event at the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary. A second hypothesis is that the apparent lack of geographical diversity is due to sampling bias in the generally poor Early Cretaceous fossil record. Recently discovered evidence supports the conclusion that brachiosaurids existed outside of North America in lower latitudes of Gondwana in the Early Cretaceous. In 2013, Mannion et al. reported on the discovery of two isolated teeth found in Lebanon from the Early Cretaceous that possess posteriorly twisted crowns, which are characteristic of the brachiosaurids Giraffatitan and Abydosaurus. In addition, a brachiosaurid named Padillasaurus leivaensis was discovered in Colombia from the Early Cretaceous and placed in the Brachiosauridae taxon, which suggests that Brachiosauridae survived in northwestern Gondwana after the Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary. In the Early Cretaceous, Colombia was located close to the equator in northwestern Gondwana while Lebanon was in the northeast of Gondwana. This suggests that brachiosaurids were in fact present outside of North America in the Early Cretaceous, and supports the theory that the apparent lack of specimens is due to an incomplete record. However, the rarity of these dinosaur specimens may also reflect a decrease in abundance of brachiosaurids acting in combination with the poor fossil record. Also, in 2017 a study indicated that Padillasaurus was not a brachiosaurid but a basal member of the Somphospondyli.

Classification
Brachiosauridae is one of the two major clades of Titanosauriformes, a diverse group of sauropods that existed in the Late Jurassic and Cretaceous in Laurasia and Gondwana. Europasaurus is considered the most basal brachiosaurid.

Titanosauriformes was a globally distributed, long-lived clade of dinosaurs that contained both the largest and smallest known sauropods. This clade was composed of three distinct groups: Brachiosauridae, a mix of Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous sauropods, Euhelopodidae, a group of mid-Cretaceous East Asian sauropods, and Titanosauria, a large Cretaceous clade located mostly in Gondwana.

Traditionally, Brachiosauridae included Brachiosaurus and some other suggestively assigned genera. Following the generic separation of Brachiosaurus species into B. altithorax and Giraffatitan brancai these have sometimes been the only members supported by cladistic analysis.

Cladogram of Brachiosauridae after D'Emic et al. (2016).

Cladogram of Brachiosauridae after Mannion et al. (2017).

title: Brachiosauridae


text: Category:Indo-Aryan peoples

title: Category:Indo-Aryan peoples


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Talk:Albert Einstein/Archive 3

einstein and education.
I think it would be good to include in the opening definition the fact that einstein left school with no formal qualifications other than a basic diploma and later a teaching diploma that was 'granted' to him by the same highschool.

the mention of his 'graduation' is misleading, It is I believe, an american term for completing school, In europe it signifies the gaining of a degree, something that einstein did not do, except for perhaps honourary degrees later in life. Even his doctorate was granted once his unconventional genious was recognised, after many years of submitting papers as a totaly unqualified author,.

I mention this because Einstein is often cited as a brilliant man worth emulating, i which case the highly unconventional nature of his brilliance should be clear, if only to encourage other non-academic brilliance that may be out there.

DavidP 19:41, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Autodidactic?
Why?? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Hexii (talk • contribs) 15:59, March 6, 2005 (UTC)

Can't see any reason for this classification either, so I'm removing it. --Susurrus 23:37, 4 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I miss a part of this article
including: categories, interwiki, external links. I think the article is too long.--Emes 16:46, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Einstein bros. bagel company?
Is this bagel company anywhere notable enough to be listed at the top of an article about Albert Einstein? It seems a little silly to me. --Fastfission 19:12, 12 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Nevermind, I changed it to a more appropriate disambig link. --Fastfission 19:16, 12 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Infobox
Can we remove the hideous infobox? For one thing it's redundant; for another, why is that quote more representative than any other and who gets to choose it? - Fredrik | talk 19:33, 12 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. I agree for the reasons you've stated. There's no need for it, it doesn't really add anything except by killing some of the whitespace, and the quote seems arbitrary. --Fastfission 03:27, 18 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * I removed it but ChristopherWillis added it back. I have removed it again. Jooler 08:28, 18 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Though I don't like it, I think we ought to try and talk about it before just removing and reverting. --Fastfission 13:12, 18 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Was it talked about before adding it? Jooler 13:13, 18 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Does it really matter? --Fastfission 07:25, 19 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Support Sebastian 01:56, 2005 Mar 21 (UTC)

Began to admire the church
I came across this. Is it true? If so, I think it should be mentioned in the religion part of this article.

"Pius XII’s public efforts moved Albert Einstein to write to TIME magazine in 1940 that, in face of the Nazi barbarism, "only the Church remained standing to halt the progress of Hitler's campaigns to do away with truth. In the past I never felt any interest for the Church, but now I feel great love and admiration for her, as the Church was the only one with the courage and tenacity to support intellectual truth and moral freedom. I must admit that what I once despised, I now praise unconditionally."

—The preceding unsigned comment was added by IanGM (talk • contribs) 01:39, March 14, 2005 (UTC)

 * http://users.binary.net/polycarp/piusxii.html - seems to apply more to the pope's article - not about Einstein's religious views, more about but his views about the role of churches--JimWae 02:01, 2005 Mar 14 (UTC)

 * This would be a remarkable quote indeed. However, it sounds unlikely for three reasons: (1) I am not aware of any quote according to which E. "despised" the Church before 1940. That's a term he reserved for nationalism, racism and the military. (2) "the church was the only one" is an incoplete statement. The only what? This does not sound like the statement of someone who thinks deeply about what he says. Could be just a bad translation, though. (2) "unconditionally" sounds unusual for someone who usually did qualify his statements, given that "[t]here was little in the way of organized resistance to the Nazis' anti-Semitic policies by any Christian group during the 1930s in Germany"* (That was the original quote. I am toning it down there because there was some organized opposition.) and that there clearly was at least some collusion between official parts of the Church with the Nazi regime. Sebastian 04:11, 2005 Mar 14 (UTC)
 * I can look it up, if people are interested (it wouldn't be that difficult). That would only confirm that TIME published it, not whether the quote itself was true, of course.--Fastfission 05:36, 14 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Evidence that Einstein didn't fail math?
Is there any evidence that Einstein didn't fail that math class? I've seen a quote by a supposed teacher of Einstein (one Karl Arbeiter) that states that Einstein failed a class in grade school. So far, I've not been able to find the source for that, but it is apparently quoted on academic web pages, as well. At least that needs a link to a debunking website. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 80.131.227.3 (talk • contribs) 12:48, March 16, 2005 (UTC)

Have a look at this: http://leiwen.tripod.com/diplo.gif it's the diploma of Einstein when he finished his school in Switzerland. Well, if the scanned picture is not a fraud, then he had he 6 in all mathematical branches, 6 in physics and 5 in chemistry. The tricky thing is: In Germany 1 is best and 6 is very bad. But in Switzerland, it's exactly the other way round, 6 ist best and 1 is very bad! I personaly see this as one source of the beleive that Einstein was a bad student at school. But in reality, he was a very good one. So failing a class in math and have these grades afterwards? I doubt that.

cheers

Thom

—The preceding unsigned comment was added by 129.129.206.71 (talk • contribs) 08:35, April 6, 2005 (UTC)

 * I remember reading/hearing that the "Einstein flunked math" meme came from a confusion about the grading system. So that sounds right. On the other hand, I'm pretty sure it is true that he didn't consider himself a particularly good mathematician. Isomorphic 05:35, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * shure, there is this phrase: "don't worry about your dificulties in mathematics. can assure you, that mine are still greater." but that is his personal opinion about himself. it's not really objective isn't it? he had problems to put his ideas of physics into mathematical formulations and thus to check whether they are correct. that is not an easy task! and it's on a completely different level than the stuff you learn in school. i think a lot of people want to believe that he flunked math because he is seen as the super genius by many and this would bring him a little closer to "normal mortals" like us :-)
 * cheers, thom
 * {unsigned2|16:47, April 12, 2005|129.129.206.71}}

Why is he on German-Americans and German people lists
He wasn't German, so why is he on these lists? I think it should be removed. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 24.141.214.87 (talk • contribs) 04:36, April 14, 2005  (UTC)
 * Article says he was born in Germany, no?
 * Just because hes born somewhere doesnt make him that. I could take a woman to Bhutan and make her have a child there, it doesn't make the child Bhutanese. He dodged military service and fled to Switzerland also, not something a German would do. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 24.141.214.87 (talk • contribs) 05:59, April 14, 2005  (UTC)
 * No true Scotsman is a logical fallacy
 * Your statement that no true Scotsman is a logical fallacy is a fallacy, embodied logical fallacies can be Scotsmen too!;) —Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason 14:04, 2005 Apr 15 (UTC)
 * If he lived in Germany his first 16 years or so, then "in 1914, just before the start of World War I, Einstein settled in Berlin as professor at the local university and became a member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences... and took German citizenship" there's every good reason to say he was German. -- and Swiss, and American
 * You know the difference between Nazis & Germans? Einstein was friends with Germans (such as Albert Schweizer) - so saying he hated Germans his whole life is not only unencyclopedic, but false.
 * Do you live under a bridge & keep lots of fishing lure? --JimWae 06:14, 2005 Apr 14 (UTC)

He hated Germans as a whole, he may have got along with individual ones but, as a whole he detested them. Plus, Jews can't be Germans, according to many Jews and Germans alike. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 24.141.214.87 (talk • contribs) 00:34, April 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Don't you have something better to do than troll online encyclopedias? --Fastfission 00:41, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Einstein was German
 * he didn't hate all Germans and
 * there are many german Jews (even though many ware killed 60 years ago).
 * --MartinS 16:18, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * He was German, plain and simple. The only people who dont qualify him as German seem to be people like Hitler. Do you like Hitler? I know I don't. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Canaduh (talk • contribs) 20:51, April 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Einstein was born in bred in Germany until he was 16 years old. That makes him clearly a German, regardless whether he hated Germans. Andries 10:46, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, yes and no. The question is whether German refers to a nationality or something more transient, like an "ethinicity". If the former, it should be noted that he gave up his German citizenship very deliberately at one point, and spent most of his life not being a German. If the latter, we can problematize the notion of what it means to be "German" at all. Generally I believe Wikipedia policy is to go with self-identification, and I'm not sure Einstein would have ever identified himself along with any single country. The question is: should we bother to include a national identification at all? Is it helpful? Is it meaningful? Is it necessary? I'm very suspicious of the "we claim him" game when it comes to scientists, and I'm halfway sympathetic to the statement that since the German government officially decried him and his work (indeed, led an organized campaign against him), Einstein might have the right to decry his association with them back, and that would be something we ought to respect. (EB puts him as German-American, though, just as a note) --Fastfission 14:19, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Hes not German, repeat, not German, in any way shape or form. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 24.141.214.87 (talk • contribs) 21:54, 17 May 2005   (UTC)

 * He was born in Germany, a German citizen, son of German citizens. What more does it take? Jayjg (talk)  22:23, 17 May 2005 (UTC)

 * How about being a German? That usually helps. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 24.235.228.86 (talk • contribs) 04:49, June 2, 2005 (UTC)

 * What makes someone "a German"? Jayjg (talk) 15:09, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Not including a national identification makes sense. The work he is known for (and that's why he has his place in an encyclopedia) was published long before he became an American. So, emphasizing American nationality seems inadequate. Other people have mentioned reasons why emphasizing German nationality would be inadequate, too. So, let's just drop that information from the introduction. Anyone who really needs to know more about his nationality can read the rest of the article. Nationality is one of the most irrelevant pieces of information anyways. --171.64.204.98 22:25, 29 July 2005 (UTC)

As we're apparently dealing with someone who contends that Jews cannot be German, I don't think there can be any basis for agreement here. Life is too short. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 15:30, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

A Jew is a Jew eternally nothing else, not a German not a Spaniard not an Irishman but, a Jew. How would Jews feel if some Germans just came to Israel and started saying that they are also Israeli's? They wouldn't like it. Einstein isn't German, just because his name is made up of two German words doesn't make him German. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 24.141.214.87 (talk • contribs) 03:14, June 6, 2005 (UTC)

 * You don't have to be a Jew to be an Israeli; where did you get that notion? Jayjg (talk) 18:17, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

This is getting scarily like a Usenet discussion. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 18:45, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

lol, so many people do not understand the difference between Nationality, Ethnicity, and Religion. One can be ethnically semetic and not believe in Judaism. One can be German and believe in Judaism. One can be ethnically germanic and live in another country besides germany. Why is it so hard to believe Einstein was a German. Einstein's family lived in Germany for generations, he was a German citizen, and spoke german. All germans were not Nazis. Nazis were members of the National Socialist Workers Party, and not all Germans liked the Nazis. Einstein was one of the Germans who did not like Nazis. Einstein did believe nationalism was "the measels of humanity", but that doesn't mean he hated Germany. It just means he did not like Nazis, or believe in the State above all else.

--\Dev\Null —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 67.177.39.8 (talk • contribs) 22:22, August 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * sigh* I think my IQ drops ten points every time I read one of "unsigned"'s comments. My God, some people are ignorant!

E, mc2, etc
I removed the following text as being highly suspicious:
 * This connection of mass, energy and the speed of light was deduced first by Friedrich Hasenöhrl and published in Annalen der Physik, vol 15, 1904. This was the same journal that Einstein published his derivation in a year later.  He used Maxwell's equations for the pressure exerted by light applied to an evacuated container undergoing an acceleration.  The calculation was somewhat complicated, and he got a proportionality of 4/3 rather than the correct value of 1, however.

Given that most sites on the internet which mention this are crackpot "Einstein was a plaigiarist" sites, I'm going to insist on a legitimate citation before including this in an article. A full JSTOR search of "Hasenöhrl einstein" yields nothing. --Fastfission 18:20, 24 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Good work. If I'd have seen something like that I'd remove it too. --Technogiddo 14:22, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Four or five papers?
In the section "Work and doctorate", it says:

 * That same year, he wrote four articles that provided the foundation of modern physics, without much scientific literature to which he could refer or many scientific colleagues with whom he could discuss the theories.

In the References section, it says:

 * John Stachel, Einstein's Miraculous Year: Five Papers That Changed the Face of Physics, Princeton University Press, 1998, ISBN 0691059381

Which is correct?? The Wikipedia article only mentions four papers. --Susurrus 07:20, 4 Apr 2005 (UTC)

OK, the fifth paper was actually his thesis. I've included the original German title for it as well. --Susurrus 23:37, 4 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Einstein's religious beliefs
There is evidence he may of been a Deist. Since he did not come out and flat say he was a pantheist. I think this conjecture should be noted —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 67.166.5.13 (talk • contribs) 06:51, April 17, 2005 (UTC)

 * Pantheist, Deist, and more?
 * Einstein believed in as he put it "Spinoza's god who reveals himself in the orderly harmony of what exists." Spinoza is the founder of Pantheism. Deism is the polar opposite of pantheism, because Deism is a form of dualism - not monism - and believes in a transcendant clockmaker god... not in a pantheistic immanent God -

Just because he comments favorably on Spinoza a few times, does not mean he is not a Deist. The quote in article uses much of the terminology of Deism & uses a lot of language that suggests a god that is a separately identifiable entity. Deism has often been criticized for its pantheism, as pantheism has often been for its near atheism -- also see pandeism & panentheism & panendeism--JimWae 17:29, 2005 May 26 (UTC)

Pantheist Only
This quote clearly shows he is only a pantheist: "It was, of course, a lie what you read about my religious convictions, a lie which is being systematically repeated. I do not believe in a personal God and I have never denied this but have expressed it clearly. If something is in me which can be called religious then it is the unbounded admiration for the structure of the world so far as our science can reveal it."

Pandeism is just a synonym for pantheism that, as a term, has no purpose of existing, and panedeism is different from pantheism since it believes in a god that is transcendant and immanent. Pantheists believe in a wholly immanent God. Pantheists will describe God as the perfection of the universe, or as einstein said "the structure of our world". He said nothing of believing in a transcendant God. Maybe some deists say the same things, but they would be miscategorizing themselves if they do.

Deism still promotes the belief in Heaven and Souls, and anthropomorphizes god. Hence why the Deism wikipedia page refers to God as a "He" and gives him the human characteristics. Here is one example from that page "In this view, the reason God does not intervene in the world (via miracles) is not simply that he does not care, but rather that he has already created the best of all possible worlds and any intervention could not improve it." Einstein would not make baseless assumptions like this and is therefore a pantheist, and believes exactly what he stated and nothing remotely like the quote above. The fact that Einstein mentions Spinoza specifically should've given you enough of a clue though

Again one more quote from the einstein page to prove my point: Victor J. Stenger, author of Has Science Found God? (2001), wrote of Einstein's presumed pantheism, "Both deism and traditional Judeo-Christian-Islamic theism must also be contrasted with pantheism, the notion attributed to Baruch Spinoza that the deity is associated with the order of nature or the universe itself." This means that pantheism is at odds with the judeo-christian view and also at odds with deism. This supports my claim that deism is the polar opposite of pantheism.

ProgressivePantheist 22:55, May 27, 2005 (UTC)

 * Those arguments are interesting, but he was still described as both a Deist and a Pantheist, regardless of whether you think they are the polar opposites of each other. Please stop removing attested facts from the article. Jayjg (talk)  00:10, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

I reordered the page, to help with the clarity ProgressivePantheist 03:25, June 7, 2005 (UTC)

 * It seemed to be more pushing a POV than helping with clarity. Let Einstein speak for himself, please, before your promote your own favoured view. Jayjg (talk)  19:31, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)

lol let Einstein speak for himself... He did... he says he believes in Spinoza's God. Spinoza is the foremost pantheist philosopher. Go to Spinoza's page and look it up if you dont believe me. One cannot be deist and pantheist, It is like saying one is Christian and Islamic, it doesnt work. ProgressivePantheist 19:59, June 7, 2005 (UTC)

 * Your POV is fascinating, as always. However, please stop trying to promote your own POV on the article page itself. Jayjg (talk)  20:27, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)

There is a difference between POV and obvious undeniable fact ProgressivePantheist 22:01, June 7, 2005 (UTC)

 * Please review the WP:NPOV policy; Wikipedia doesn't attempt to decide what is "undeniable fact"; instead it presents properly cited POVs on what the facts are. Jayjg (talk) 23:53, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)

if you look up pantheism and deism in google, you get this site: http://www.sullivan-county.com/id2/pantheism.htm It states in there that pantheism and deism are "polar opposites"... how's that for relevant citation. I already tried citing from this same page but you guys didn't like that, I hope this will take things from clear to crystal clear ProgressivePantheist 06:35, June 8, 2005

 * If you cannot understand why that is irrelevant to both my statements and this article, then I cannot help you. Jayjg (talk) 15:25, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

TM
Re the third pg, who registered his name as a trademark? Did he in say 1904, or did someone else do it last year? -SV|t 01:34, 19 May 2005 (UTC)
 * It's an interesting question; I e-mailed the company to see if I could get a response. I'll let you know if they get back to me. --Fastfission 16:36, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * A quick search of Patent and Trademark Office turns up a couple hundred trademarks using "Einstein", quite a few of which are the term Einstein alone. Trademarks are associated with specific items; so, for example, Einstein Brother Bagels and Albert Einstein stuffed toys and Einstein Wireless Communications co-exist quite happily. --jpgordon∇∆∇∆ 00:05, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * The head of the Roger Richman Agency referred me to this article as a source of information on the topic. However it doesn't seem to have much on the history of it. As for its "use" -- it depends on how they have legally set it up. It is possible to trademark "celebrity" (i.e. Bela Lugosi's "I vant to suck your blaauudd") but it can be very tricky in court, and I'm not sure how it works after the celebrity in question has died (usually such things are held as forms of intellectual property because the persona has been "developed", however Einstein simply was Einstein, and it is hard to know how would could legally "develop" a personality of "being yourself" which extended indefinitely beyond one's grave!). Ah, this would be a wonderful and sexy little history paper to write... --Fastfission 01:40, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Why no infobox?
?

Sam Spade 04:10, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * I was under the impression that they were generally considered ugly and ultimately unnecessary. His name and birth/death dates/locations are easy to find (and the locations are generally not the first thing anybody needs to know about any given figure). There is also no criteria to decide what is the "paradigmatic quote", either, if that is still a continued field. In any event, we once had a very small discussion on it, with nobody actively supporting the infobox, so I reverted the addition as it was not discussed on the talk page. The "multiple times" reference in my initial comment seems incorrect as I look over the talk archive, and I imagine I am confusing it with the vote against the box at Charles Darwin.
 * If we wanted to vote again, I'd vote no infobox, for the reasons I've given. I don't think it improves anything, and I think it is ugly. --Fastfission 05:22, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Voting is very, very wrong. See User:Sam Spade/Voting is anti-wiki. Prost, Sam Spade 06:59, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Uh, okay. That aside, how exactly do you propose making aesthetic decisions such as this? It's not terribly helpful to post links to your cute little opinion pages without suggesting a clear alternative, you know. --Fastfission 14:33, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Other biographies have infoboxes and there should be one here. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 204.56.7.1 (talk • contribs) 16:34, June 13, 2005 (UTC)

 * If all the other kids jumped off a bridge...

 * Seriously, the article looks so much better now. Infoboxes are only useful for presenting in a tight way important information that isn't (1) patently obvious (2) easily findable in the first paragraph.  In this case, the first sentence states birth and death, while your average internet user knows more about who he is than could be conveyed in an infobox.  Therefore I think that one would add nothing.

 * Also, although Wikipedia is not a democracy, one has to arrive at a consensus somehow. It looks like that has already happened here, but I welcome further discussion.--Laura Scudder | Talk 19:22, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)

If there is indeed concensus to keep out the taxobox, I don't intend to violate it. That said, I think the issue can be discussed w/o fear of voting ;) Sam Spade 21:31, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Swiss/German?
Perhaps Einstein should have the last word? He famously remarked, "if relativity is proved right the Germans will call me a German, the Swiss call me a Swiss citizen, and the French will call me a great scientist. If relativity is proved wrong the French will call me a Swiss, the Swiss will call me a German, and the Germans will call me a Jew." --RobertG ♬ talk 11:45, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * The Germans called him a Jew, does that mean relativity is wrong? --Technogiddo 14:24, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * You might not be aware that most Germans today would call him a German. The fact that he is also Jewish is acknowledged, of course.--171.64.204.98 22:39, 29 July 2005 (UTC)

Ch-Ch-Changes
I'd appreciate it if things like adding an infobox or changing the main picture were discussed here first -- while people should "be bold," they are major changes in the aesthetic appearance of the article, and I disagree that the TIME magazine photo is the one which should be the primary photograph for him (it puts far too much importance on what TIME thinks -- if they had made someone else person of the century it wouldn't have reduced Einstein's achievements one bit). I also removed the unsourced and in my mind likely ridiculous notion about his estimated IQ from the lead paragraph. Whether or not such a speculative line -- even with a reputable source -- should be included in the article is a question which should be raised in general, but the idea that it should be in the lead section is, in my mind, ridiculous. --Fastfission 04:19, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * An infobox is good thing to have on biographies.
 * The main picture can be changed .... why discuss it here first?
 * These are not major changes in the aesthetic appearance.
 * The TIME magazine photo is the one which should be the primary photograph for him. Why does it put so much importance on what TIME thinks? It's just another accolade [though a bigger one then some] (and a good pic of him, better than the one that was there). If they had made someone else person of the century it wouldn't have reduced Einstein's achievements one bit.
 * —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 204.56.7.1 (talk • contribs) 15:20, June 13, 2005 (UTC)

 * (William M. Connolley 16:11, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)) I strongly support FF in disliking the Time promo material photo, and indeed in his entire point that Times opinion matters not one whit.

 * Connelly, don't remove information (if you see the diff in the history, you did that!)
 * Time promo material photo? It a good shot of Einstien. I put in the 1905 shot insteade though (1905 being his best year of work).
 * —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 204.56.7.1 (talk • contribs) 16:25, June 13, 2005 (UTC)

 * I am highly suspicious that you are trying to "game the system" here. Making a lot of big changes (i.e. the infobox, picture changes, etc), then add a bunch of little details, then use the "removal" of those details when people revert the big changes as an excuse to revert. I've gone through (TWICE now) and tried to fix any such edits that happen after the infobox, picture changes, etc. so that no content changes are lost. This is in itself a good reason to stop making those sorts of changes before they are discussed, because they are hard to undo. Nobody has any desire to "remove content" -- they are just trying to undo these other, non-content changes. So please stop making them for the moment. --Fastfission 16:40, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * I think infoboxes are ugly and totally unnecessary. His name, birth and death day, and locations are easy to see in the article itself. Let's discuss it before trying to add it in. Work with me here.
 * Because if everybody just changes it on a whim, then I'm just going to revert it on a whim. What I'm saying is, I think that TIME magazine image is a really awful main page image. So if you disagree with me, you'd better discuss it here with me! That's a polite way to put it.
 * If you had spent 10 minutes trying to carefully undo those changes without reverting other edits already made, you'd find them to be less than minor changes too! Aside from that, they change the entire tone of the first page of the article, I consider that pretty important.
 * I very much dislike the TIME magazine image. I don't think it captures anything about the man himself and I dislike that TIME is written across his forehead as well. Their opinion of him doesn't matter one bit -- their sanction means nothing towards whether he accomplished great things. (I'd take a Nobel Prize over TIME's approval any day of the week!)
 * So let's discuss this a bit and see what other people think. I consider these to be big enough changes that I'd revert them if they were undiscussed. Now the main picture is grainy. That doesn't work either. Let's not get into a revert war -- I'm pleading with you people to discuss it here first, come to some sort of agreement. --Fastfission 16:33, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * The other main reason to discuss it here first is that it is incredibly difficult to undo JUST those sorts of changes if any other changes in content have been made. So let's figure all that out before making other changes to content, because otherwise we're likely to accidentally lose other changes. --Fastfission 16:33, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * I think infoboxes are nice looking. His name, birth and death day, and locations are easier to see in the infobox. Let's discuss it before rmoving it (as it was there early on). I'll work with you.
 * The TIME magazine image isn't that awful, but I think the 1905 would be a better main image (1st one seen).
 * I carefully undo changes without reverting other edits already made and I do find them to be minor changes. Howq do they change the entire tone of the first page of the article?
 * These are not really big enough changes to throuw a fit about. I'd revert any blatant mass reversion.
 * The main picture isn't grainy. Why doesn't work for you?
 * Let's not get into a revert war -- I'm pleading with you to discuss it here first.
 * -- Anonymous —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 204.56.7.1 (talk • contribs) 16:41, June 13, 2005 (UTC)

 * (William M. Connolley 16:46, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)) You're pleading with us to give up and accept your version. That won't happen. Discuss changes on talk first. And SIGN YOUR POSTS.

 * (William M. Connolley 16:48, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)) BTW folks, the anon here appears to be the same as the one over at Dynamic theory of gravity if you care to take a look...

 * (William M. Connolley 16:50, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)) AND apparent attempts to put AE's name on the aether page

 * You've broken the Three Revert Rule. Please stop. The reason we need to discuss it without your picture changes first is that they are not easy to fix. Which you'd know if you tried to carefully undo them without disturbing the other content that was added since they were added! --Fastfission 16:58, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Oops, we both reported her. I've removed my report. William M. Connolley 17:08, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC).

 * Now he/she's scrambled everything up. The whole thing needs a clean reversion. The only thing I can see of any value is fixing the spelling of "mad scientist" at the bottom, but I don't see the point in doing it if the whole thing is likely to be reverted back in the future (and I don't want to do that myself because I don't want to go over my own 3RR). This is ridiculous. Appealing to some version from six months ago as a precedent to continue this sort of revert war, without discussing it, is not "working with us." --Fastfission 17:13, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * the infobox was removed on 18 Jan 2005 by Gzornenplatz ... it should not have been -- Anon —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 204.56.7.1 (talk • contribs) 17:16, June 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * if there isn't a infobox, then there shouldn't be any pictures @ the intro. - Anon —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 204.56.7.1 (talk • contribs) 17:17, June 13, 2005 (UTC)

 * You have no basis for "it should not have been", and now you're just committing petty vandalism. --Fastfission 17:21, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

revert explanation
I reverted the page a few minutes ago because the 20:54, 15 Jun 2005 version somehow was returned. But for some reason the version before mine in the history is different. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Ted-m (talk • contribs) 19:54, June 16, 2005 (UTC)

Kilobytes long
The page was 49 kilobytes long. Moving the Papers took off 5kb. It's now 44 kilobytes long. Some synopsis of facts and links to main articles would help this entry. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 14:30, June 28, 2005 (talk • contribs) 204.56.7.1.

 * BTW, note to all watching this article: Annus Mirabilis Papers has been spawned off from it, and (sigh) needs watching too. William M. Connolley 2005-06-30 16:26:12 (UTC).

 * Everything in the Papers articles is cited. - Anon —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 204.56.7.1 (talk • contribs) 16:50, June 30, 2005 (UTC)

 * This is your tradiational confusion. It is not true that everything that can be cited belongs in an article, and it would save rather a lot of effort if you could learn that. William M. Connolley 2005-06-30 17:17:10 (UTC).

Einstein's Quotes
I've removed this section from the page. It duplicates the Wikiquote in much less detail and without citation. Any objections? S.N. Hillbrand 18:45, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

Swiss citizen?
Why is the fact that he was a Swiss citizen left out of the introduction?

"German-born American theoretical physicist"

The two countries that maybe is the most twinned with Einstein is Germany and Switzerland. Remember that he made all of his now famous works while he was in Switzerland/Germany. And I also think that most people tend to se him as German/Swiss - not "German-born American". So if there is just room for two different nationalities to be mentioneed then it should be German-born Swiss.

—The preceding unsigned comment was added by 213.89.229.207 (talk • contribs) 21:29, August 1, 2005 (UTC)

Einstein as film maker
I remember reading as a child that Einstein dabbled in film making when he was younger and living in Germany. Perhaps this is worth a mention in the article? — Preceding unsigned comment added by WilliamKF (talk • contribs) 23:53, August 4, 2005 (UTC)

Einstein and quantum mechanics
His position seems to be similar to that of the last great alchemists relative to chemistry: he helped discover it but did not ever really believe it. --David R. Ingham 21:31, 16 August 2005 (UTC)

Einstein and Religion
There needs to be a little more info in the Religion section; particularily about what Einstein means when he mentions a "God". Does he mean it in a "being" form or simply a supreme non-being form (as in, god IS nature; sort of like Pantheism). Does Einstein believe in a being who created the universe, and left it untouched; or did he mean Pantheism? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 24.2.47.248 (talk • contribs) 00:53, August 17, 2005 (UTC)

Einstein's Last Words.
There appears to be a contradiction with respect to the description of Einstein's death. The statement says that Einsteind died in his sleep. But this is followed by the statement that the nurse said that he mumbled something in German before he died. So was he awake when he died or was he mumbling in his sleep. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 61.95.167.91 (talk • contribs) 11:22, August 23, 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Albert Einstein/Archive 3


text:
User talk:MiddyDaKitty

Hello all! Does anyone here like cats?

title: User talk:MiddyDaKitty


text:
Micrandra

Micrandra is a plant genus of the family Euphorbiaceae first described in 1854. It is native to South America.

Species
Species currently included in Micrandra:

 * 1) Micrandra australis (R.E.Schult.) R.E.Schult. - Amazonas in Brazil
 * 2) Micrandra elata (Didr.) Müll.Arg. - Suriname, French Guiana, Guyana, Colombia, Peru (Pasco, Loreto), Brazil (São Paulo, Bahia, Amapá, Amazonas, etc.)
 * 3) Micrandra glabra (R.E.Schult.) R.E.Schult. - S Venezuela (Bolívar, Amazonas), Guyana, Suriname
 * 4) Micrandra gleasoniana (Croizat) R.E.Schult. - Guyana
 * 5) Micrandra heterophylla Poiss. - Amazonas in Venezuela
 * 6) Micrandra inundata P.E.Berry & Wiedenh. - Amazonas in Venezuela
 * 7) Micrandra lopezii R.E.Schult. - Amazonas in Brazil
 * 8) Micrandra minor Benth. - Colombia (Amazonas, Vaupes), Venezuela (Bolívar, Amazonas), Brazil (Amazonas), Peru (Pasco, Loreto)
 * 9) Micrandra rossiana R.E.Schult. - Guyana, Venezuela (Bolívar, Amazonas, Apure, Zulia), Colombia (Vaupés), Ecuador, Brazil (Amazonas, Roraima)
 * 10) Micrandra siphonioides Benth. - French Guiana, Venezuela (Bolívar, Amazonas, Apure), Colombia, Peru, Brazil (Amazonas, Bahia, São Paulo, Pará)
 * 11) Micrandra spruceana (Baill.) R.E.Schult. - Suriname, Venezuela (Amazonas), Colombia (Amazonas, Vaupes, ), Peru (Loreto, Pasco, San Martín), Brazil (Amazonas, Roraima)
 * 12) Micrandra sprucei (Müll.Arg.) R.E.Schult. - Guyana, Colombia (Vaupés), Venezuela (Amazonas), Brazil (Amazonas)

title: Micrandra


text:
User:Swissjames

Hi there Wikipedians I find Wikipedia one of the most worthwhile websites to visit online. Informative, remarkably free of political bias (well, most of the time), wide-ranging in its functions, Wikipedia has a lot to offer.

A little bit about me: I am a lecturer in Business English in Basel, Switzerland. Born in Durban in 1968, I hold South African and Swiss passports.

title: User:Swissjames


text:
Metsatöll

Metsatöll (from mets – 'forest' and töll – 'four-legged being', used in Western Estonia as a euphemism for "wolf" or "werewolf" ) is an Estonian heavy metal band formed in 1999. The band has been influenced by many musical groups along with folk units Garmarna, Stille Volk and Estonian folk/classical music composer Veljo Tormis. Much of their material, featuring flutes and other traditional Estonian instruments, is based on the wars for independence of the 13th and 14th centuries.

History
Metsatöll started playing together on 24 February 1999 as a three-piece (Markus – vocals and guitar, Factor – drums, Andrus – bass), playing epic heavy metal with small influences from ancient Estonian folklore. The debut album called "Terast mis hangund me hinge" ("Steel frozen in our souls") was released at that time.

In the end of 1999, a good friend Varulven joined the band. So far he had observed the activities of the band and had from time to time joined them on stage. Varulven had self-taught himself a number of ancient Estonian folk instruments and together it was realized that metal and old Estonian folk fit together perfectly. Since then, the music of Metsatöll has intertwined more and more with old Estonian runo-singing and traditional melodies.

2001 was a difficult year for the band, since their bass player Andrus left the band, deciding to attend more to his personal affairs, and considering the band too much of a burden. A new bass player, KuriRaivo, was found after a couple of months.

In 2002 Metsatöll released the single "Hundi loomine" ('The Creation of the Wolf'), for which a video was also shot (directed by Liina Paakspuu). Hundi loomine received numerous exceptionally positive reviews and commentaries in the local media, there was talk of the true mind of the Estonians, the destruction of the negative effects of the English language and the rebirth of folklore through contemporary means and people.

In the beginning of 2004 drummer Factor dedicated himself completely to science and he was replaced by Atso.

In late 2004, Metsatöll released their second album, called Hiiekoda (My Home, My Sacred Grove), which was critically acclaimed by both metal and non-metal fans from all over Estonia. It is a heavy metal album strongly combined with old Estonian traditional instruments.

In 2005, Metsatöll released a remake of their old album Terast mis hangund me hinge called Terast mis hangunud me hinge 10218. The number stands for the world's age according to Estonian chronology. It is much more influenced by folk music and done in a much more professional way in general. They have also released a live album called Lahinguväljal näeme, raisk! (See you on the battlefield, sod/bastard!).

In 2009, Metsatöll signed the Finnish record label Spinefarm Records. A new album, titled Äio was released on 3 March in Estonia and Finland. An Internet single, along with the video to a song from the album, called "Vaid Vaprust" was released on 13 January. The video used fragments of the 1980 animated film Suur Tõll by Jüri Arrak.

In 2011, Metsatöll released another album called Ulg. The first song released was Kivine Maa and a video was made for Küü. The album was nominated for the Estonian Music Awards in the "Metal Album of the Year" category.

In 2012, Metsatöll played on the main stage of the Tuska Open Air Metal Festival in Helsinki. They later released a concert album called Tuska from the same performance.

Members

 * Current members
 * Markus "Rabapagan" Teeäär – lead vocals, rhythm guitar (1999–present)
 * Lauri "Varulven" Õunapuu – lead guitar, lead vocals, traditional instruments (1999–present)
 * Raivo "KuriRaivo" Piirsalu – bass, backing vocals, contrabass (2000–present)
 * Tõnis Noevere – drums, backing vocals (2017–present)

 * Former members
 * Silver "Factor" Rattasepp – drums, backing vocals (1999–2004)
 * Andrus Tins – bass, backing vocals (1999–2000)
 * Marko Atso – drums, backing vocals (2004–2017)

Studio albums

 * Hiiekoda (2004)
 * Terast Mis Hangund Me Hinge 10218 (2005)
 * Iivakivi (2008)
 * Äio (2010)
 * Ulg (2011)
 * Karjajuht (2014)
 * Vana Jutuvestja Laulud (2016) (16 track compilation)
 * Katk Kutsariks (2019)

 * Notes on translation
 * Notes on translation

Metsatöll's titling and lyrics make heavy use of archaic Estonian language and imagery, which often do not have clear English translations. For example, a Hiiekoda is a type of (usually wooden) sacral building constructed near or in a forest considered holy in the pre-Christianisation customs of Estonians. While the word Sutekskäija does mean Werewolf, the Estonian werewolf legends are considerably different from those known in Anglophone countries, and this particular word has an emphasis on the human aspect of the person involved, so a better (although not as catchy) translation might be One who regularly engages in werewolf business.

The name Raua needmine is a reference to a work of the same name by Veljo Tormis. The latter's name is sometimes translated as Curse Upon Iron in English.

title: Metsatöll


text:
Blue Lagoon (geothermal spa)

The Blue Lagoon (Bláa lónið ) is a geothermal spa in southwestern Iceland. The spa is located in a lava field 5 km from Grindavík and in front of Mount Þorbjörn on the Reykjanes Peninsula, in a location favourable for geothermal power, and is supplied by water used in the nearby Svartsengi geothermal power station. The Blue Lagoon is approximately 20 km from Keflavík International Airport, and is one of the most visited tourist attractions in Iceland.

Description
The water's milky blue hue is due to its high silica content. The silica forms soft white mud on the bottom of the lake which bathers rub on themselves. The water is also rich in salts and algae.

The water temperature in the bathing and swimming area of the lagoon averages 37–39 C. Guests are required to shower in the nude prior to using the geothermal spa. The communal showers are split up by gender. Children aged eight and under are only allowed entry with the use of arm floaters, provided free of charge. The lagoon is not suitable for children under the age of two years. The lagoon is accessible for wheelchair users with a ramp that extends into the water and a shower chair. There is also a private changing room available for those with special needs.

Water source
The lagoon is man-made. The water is a byproduct from the nearby geothermal power plant Svartsengi where superheated water is vented from the ground near a lava flow and used to run turbines that generate electricity. After going through the turbines, the steam and hot water pass through a heat exchanger to provide heat for a municipal water heating system. Then the water is fed into the lagoon.

The rich mineral content is provided by the underground geological layers and pushed up to the surface at a pressure of about 1.2 MPa and temperature of 240 °C, which is used by the powerplant. Because of its high mineral concentration, the water cannot be recycled, and must be disposed of in the nearby landscape, a permeable lava field that varies in thickness from 50 to 100 cm. After the minerals have formed a deposit, the water reinfiltrates the ground, but the deposits render the ground impermeable over time, so the plant needs to continuously dig new ponds in the nearby lava field.

The water renews every two days. The average pH is 7.5 and the salt content is 2.5%. Very few organisms live in the water apart from some blue-green algae. Despite the water not being artificially disinfected, it contains no fecal bacteria, environmental bacteria, fungi, or plants.

Baths
Shortly after the opening of the Svartsengi power plant in 1976, the runoff water had made pools. In 1981, a psoriasis patient bathed in the water and noted that the water alleviated his symptoms and the lagoon subsequently became popular. Bathing facilities opened in 1987, and in 1992 the Blue Lagoon company was established.

Studies made in the 1990s confirmed that the lagoon had a beneficial effect on the skin disease psoriasis. A psoriasis clinic was opened in 1994 and in 1995, the Blue Lagoon company began marketing skin products containing silica, algae, and salt.

The lagoon recorded 1.3 million visitors in 2017, up from 919,000 visitors in 2015. The company had a revenue of €102 million and a profit of €31 million in 2017. It has over 600 employees. The entry fee is from $64.

2023-24 earthquake swarm and volcanic eruption
On 23 October 2023, the Department of Civil Protection and Emergency Management announced a level of uncertainty due to a seismic swarm in the area. The resort faced some criticism for continuing to accept customers with some likening the situation to events leading up to the 2019 Whakaari/White Island eruption. Guests were reportedly not informed about the unfolding events in the area and the risk of using the lagoon. On 4 November 2023, Helga Árnadóttir, CEO of sales at the Blue Lagoon said that closing the resort was not in the picture. Helga criticized Þorvaldur Þórðarson, professor of geology at the University of Iceland, for predicting an eruption in the area, saying that there were no harmonic tremors reported. On 7 November, the tour company Reykjavik Excursions cancelled all trips to the lagoon for three days due to concern about their staff and customer's well-being. The resort remained open until 9 November 2023, when about 40 guests at the Silica hotel were reported fleeing in panic due to a seismic swarm in the area and the resort announced a temporary one week closure.

The management of the Blue Lagoon announced the site's closure to visitors from 9–16 November as a precaution following the earthquakes. The closure period was later extended to 30 November 2023, and then further to December 7.

Though briefly reopened, the Blue Lagoon was again closed until January 6 due to a volcanic eruption at Sundhnúkur, all facilities were reopened by January 10. Another eruption caused a further closure on January 14, reopening again by January 20. A third eruption on the February 8 forced the resort to close again but reopened once more on February 16. A fourth eruption on March 16 caused the lagoon to, once again, close. It is now reopened as of April 7th 2024.

title: Blue Lagoon (geothermal spa)