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Heroes (Stargate SG-1)

"Heroes" (Parts 1 and 2) are the seventeenth and eighteenth episodes from the seventh season of the science fiction television series Stargate SG-1. The episode was written by showrunner Robert C. Cooper and directed by frequent series director Andy Mikita. "Heroes" first aired on Sky One in the United Kingdom, with part 1 being shown on February 3, 2004, and part 2, being shown on February 10, 2004. In the United States, part 1 aired February 13 on and February 20 on Sci-fi Channel. Part 2 is the 150th episode of the show.

In this episode, the United States government has commissioned journalist Emmett Bregman (Saul Rubinek) to create a time-capsule video documentary, showing inner workings and goings-on within the top secret Stargate Command facility. Bregman's presence is met with resistance from many of the base personnel who are reluctant to appear in his film, with some exceptions, including Dr. Janet Fraiser (Teryl Rothery).

"Heroes" was originally imagined by Cooper as a single, inexpensive episode that would be shot entirely by the second-unit of photography, on the show's existing sets. After assembling a first cut that ran too long, Cooper and Mikita felt that instead of trimming the episode down, they should instead re-work it into a two-part arc. The story was reorganized, with new scenes written by Cooper and sporadically filmed by Mikita across a number of months in 2003.

The episodes are regarded by both fans and critics as being among the best of the show's ten-year run, with four Leo Awards nominations and one nomination for a Hugo Award.

Part 1
The President of the United States, nearing the end of his time in office, is concerned over how the public will react when the Stargate Program becomes public knowledge after he leaves office. Hoping that he will be able to put a positive spin on his association with the program, his office commissions Emmett Bregman (Saul Rubinek) to create a documentary on the personnel of Stargate Command and their activities. Whilst unenthusiastic about the idea, General Hammond (Don S. Davis) promises to follow the president's orders.

Bregman is given access to past mission reports and interviews members of Stargate Command. Bregman is dodged by Jack O'Neill (Richard Dean Anderson) who suggests the journalist try sending him a memo. Dr. Daniel Jackson (Michael Shanks) is unable to recall his time as an ascended being for the reporter and proceeds to toy with Bregman by running away, to see whether the film crew will follow him. Major Samantha Carter (Amanda Tapping) explains the science of the Stargate in great detail, only to be asked by Bregman if they can see the Gate spin. Teal'c (Christopher Judge) is almost entirely unwilling to give any responses to his questions.

Senator Kinsey (Ronny Cox), who is in the running to become the Vice President of the United States, uses the occasion in an attempt to coerce O'Neill into pledging his vote to Kinsey's party on-camera. As Bregman becomes frustrated by the resistance he is being met with, he interviews Dr. Janet Fraiser, becoming increasingly smitten as the two have lunch together.

SG-13 and SG-3 journey through the Stargate to explore a previously unvisited planet. After discovering an Ancient ruin, SG-13 encounters a Goa'uld probe that they disable. Believing there to be no further threat, the teams continue their exploration of the ruins and have the probe sent back to Stargate Command. Carter, Daniel and Teal'c determine that prior to its destruction, the probe communicated back to the Goa'uld.

On the alien planet, Senior Airman Simon Wells (Julius Chapple) is struck by weapons fire from ambushing Goa'uld ground forces. With Wells needing medical attention, another member of SG-13 retreats to the Gate to get help while the rest take up defensive positions. Back at Stargate Command, Bregman is held at bay as SG troops begin mobilizing for a mission to rescue SG-3 and SG-13.

Part 2
As SG-3 and SG-13 are under attack, SG-1, SG-5 and SG-7 are sent in to back them up while Dr. Fraiser and her field team treat the wounded including Airman Wells. Colonel O'Neill takes a Goa'uld staff blast to the torso and falls to the ground. The embattled SG teams return to Earth and, while the camera crews are forced from the Gateroom, an unidentified individual stretched lifeless on a gurney is visible, concerning Bregman. Reports that there was a fatality during the mission filter through the SGC, piquing the interest of the reporter. With a member of Stargate Command dead, Agent Woolsey (Robert Picardo) is sent by the Intelligence Oversight Committee to investigate who is responsible, questioning the decisions of General Hammond, Dr. Jackson, and Major Carter. Bregman also tries to determine what happened.

An infuriated Bregman makes a strong stand about the importance of the media, especially with regard to a top secret program which is to be made public anyway. He highlights the importance of documenting the sacrifice and loss associated with war. After continued pressure, Dr. Jackson allows the reporter to view the tape he made of the mission. Bregman sees Dr. Fraiser tending to Wells and, almost immediately after stabilizing him for travel, taking a fatal staff blast to her torso.

As O'Neill recovers in the infirmary, Daniel visits Wells and his wife, where he is introduced to their newborn baby, who they have named Janet in Fraiser's honor. Stargate Command personnel gather for the memorial service, with Carter reading a eulogy of the names of those whom Fraiser saved. After Bregman shows Hammond his film, Hammond admits that he was wrong about the journalist's intentions, believing the documentary to be a fitting testimonial to those who have served and in some cases, given their lives for the Stargate Program and protection of Earth. Colonel O'Neill agrees to sit down and talk to Bregman.

Development
Robert C. Cooper's initial inspiration came from an episode of the television series M*A*S*H he had always enjoyed called "Yankee Doodle Doctor", which follows a documentary being made. Using the documentary premise, Cooper wanted to take a step back and examine "just how incredible" a feat the Stargate Program was, exploring the secrecy surrounding the project. Cooper wanted to examine the personnel involved, specifically tackling how the characters felt about their extraordinary jobs, where they were "essentially saving the world every week", something he believed they were doing without expectation of reward. Around the time Cooper was working on the story, the 2003 invasion of Iraq was also taking place. Although it was not Cooper's intent to make a commentary on the real world events, he felt that there was an almost inevitable bleed through to his story, especially how news reporters were embedded along with the military and how that affected both the actions of those involved and the subsequent coverage. Writer and producer Joseph Mallozzi described initial drafts of "Heroes" as "light-hearted documentary-style take on Stargate Command." As Cooper's script developed, Peter DeLuise suggested that one of the recurring characters should be killed off. Although he did not suggest who that should be, he recommended that it be a character the audience had feelings for. Cooper subsequently made the decision to kill off the recurring character of Dr. Janet Fraiser to further his examination of the characters and look at how they dealt with loss and sacrifice.

There was heavy debate amongst the writing staff regarding Cooper's proposal to kill Dr. Fraiser off; not all the writers agreed with his decision. It was Cooper's belief that these characters, including Fraiser, were imagined as "living in a real world—they're living in a world we can identify with and this is the real military, this is the Air Force". He felt it was important that the show acknowledge the fact that both "in real life and on the show, people do die." Cooper also believed it would be "cheap" to introduce a new character for the episode only to kill them off, noting that Stargate SG-1 could not have "real jeopardy unless once in a while you prove that something is going to happen that has consequence". DeLuise also encouraged Cooper to not have the character "die and come back", as Daniel Jackson had, in order to give the show credibility. Cooper phoned Rothery in January 2003 to discuss production of the seventh season, breaking it to her that he planned to kill Fraiser off. Although Rothery was upset that her character was being killed off, she thought the story was "beautiful", believing it was a fitting way for her character to go.

As a gag, Cooper wrote a scene for Walter Harriman (Gary Jones) where the character would joke about Air Force Technicians playing Space Invaders on the computers in the Gateroom. This was a response to an earlier note Cooper had received from the United States Air Force, telling him that Air Force personnel would not play computer games whilst on active duty.

After the episode had been written, shot and edited, the abundance of additional material led to it being redeveloped into a two-part episode. This meant that Cooper had to write additional material. Cooper still had a clear beginning, middle and end to his story, which he wanted to preserve, and instead looked at expanding upon the existing story by introducing a new subplot, adding 35 pages to his script. The notion that Stargate Command's personnel were under investigation following the death of one of its personnel was already indicated in Cooper's original story, but he developed this into a fully-fledged subplot that would be interwoven throughout the finished episodes. This led to the introduction of the character of Richard Woolsey, who would be conducting the investigation. The Woolsey subplot was the turning point for Cooper in developing "Heroes" into two episodes, believing that the new subplot would complement the existing story, commenting that Bregman "is try[ing] to use freedoms and liberties that are supposedly afforded to the press, to get the true story about what's going on in the SGC and doing an investigation. Woolsey is doing another investigation that is in many ways attempting to crucify those same people." The production schedule and broadcast order had to be revised, as "Heroes" had originally been intended for broadcast amongst the first 10 episode of season seven.

After Saul Rubinek was cast, the actor in his discussions to Cooper felt as though the show was "missing an opportunity" to further the importance of the press. Rubinek encouraged Cooper to include a passionate speech for his character detailing how crucial freedom of the press, "true reporting and how important that is to a democratic society". Rubinek later recalled that Cooper was "very open" and seemingly appreciative of his contribution, whilst affirming it was still "all Robert Cooper" who was ultimately responsible.

Cast
The show's producers approached Saul Rubinek for the part of journalist and video documentarian, Emmett Bregman, who is tasked with creating a time capsule film showing what goes on in Stargate Command. Cooper described Bregman as being "caught in a situation where he feels responsible to tell the truth about the SGC, yet he's fighting the military agenda to keep it all secret", feeling he is not able to tell the full story. Rubinek was keen to make sure that he was right for the role and that the dialog would fit him, later recalling that he was pleased that the producers were open to his ideas and that the show allowed for improvisations. Developing Bregman, Rubinek wanted to portray him as unapologetic and unsympathetic throughout, with the final reveal being that his documentary does portray them as heroes, whilst Cooper tried to make sure Rubinek did not come across overly villainous. Rubinek became particularly invested in the story, later recalling that Cooper seemed open to his suggestions, with the pair working together to adjust Bregman's dialog to better suit Rubinek.

Tobias Slezak was cast as Tech Sergeant Dale James and Christopher Redman cast as Airman Shep Wickenhouse, who would make up Bregman's documentary crew. Slezak and Redman spent time with members of the show's sound, camera and editing departments in order to learn the crafts they would be portraying. As the documentary's camera operator, actual footage shot by Slezak was used in the finished cut, with the show's camera operators re-filming certain parts. Mitchell Kosterman portrays Colonel Tom Rundell, an Air Force liaison working with Bregman's documentary crew. Kosterman previously appeared in the episode "Seth" playing a different character. Kosterman described modelling his character's attitude on that of director Andy Mikita, wanting Rundell to come across as "calm, capable and likeable". It was later noted by the Air Force that their personnel are not allowed mustaches such as the one sported by Kosterman's character. The two members of SG-13, Senior Airman Simon Wells and Senior Airman Jake Bosworth, that Dr. Fraiser and SG-1 travel off-world to assist, were played by Julius Chapple and Christopher Pearce.

Upon developing "Heroes" into a two-part episode, the part of Agent Richard Woolsey was conceived by Cooper to fill the episode out. The producers were made aware that Robert Picardo was already in Vancouver working on an episode of The Dead Zone and he was offered the role. As Picardo was scheduled to fly to UK, all of his work was condensed into a single day of filming at The Bridge Studios. Picardo described that character's role as being sent to "investigate whether or not heads should roll", determining whether or not there was a lapse in judgement and whether anyone was to blame following a tragic event. Another character who was added after the episode was expanded was Colonel Dave Dixon of SG-13, who was portrayed by Adam Baldwin. Baldwin filmed his parts in late May 2003. Baldwin's performance impressed the producers so much that he was considered for a supporting role in spin-off Stargate Atlantis. David Lewis portrays Cameron Balinsky, another member of SG-13. Recurring actors include Ronny Cox, Bill Dow, Dan Shea and Gary Jones as Senator Kinsey, Dr. Lee, Sgt. Siler and Walter respectively.

Filming
The original script for "Heroes" was somewhat conceived as a way for production to make a single, inexpensive episode, which would take place almost entirely on the standing Stargate Command sets at The Bridge Studios. Frequent director of the series, Andy Mikita oversaw shooting, which was handled entirely by the show's smaller second unit of photography, filming over a far longer period than the usual seven days that was typically allocated to a single episode, again to keep costs low. Filming initially took place from late March until May; after it was decided that the episode would be expanded into two parts, the additional scenes were shot from May through August 2003. Mikita would later joke that "Heroes" was the episode where production just "wouldn't end" as it spanned such a long period.

A key consideration for director Andy Mikita and director of photography Andrew Wilson was the documentary that the show was centered around. Mikita wanted the documentary footage to hold up when presented alongside the show's regular 35 mm film, whilst having a clear disparity between the two. The show's producers liaised with Sony, who provided MPEG IMX video cameras, as well as a technician for free. Mikita decided to shoot as much documentary footage as he could, expanding upon his brief which had only called for certain parts and scenes to be covered. Careful consideration was taken by Mikita and Wilson to film and present the documentary footage in a way that was accurate of documentary filmmaking, using more obvious and imperfect camera focus pulls and reframing during scenes. Lighting the documentary interview scenes in an authentic way was also given particular care, using the sort of lighting arrangements typically found in documentary interviews, with the shots lit far more brightly than the often dark, high contrast cinematography the show usually relied upon. As both a further documentary filmmaking device and a running gag, when not being filmed by his documentary crew, Saul Rubinek's character of Emmett Bregman would often be scruffily presented, with Mikita trying to surround him in clutter in the corner of a room when conducting his interviews. In the finished edit of the documentary scenes, Bregman would then be smartly presented in a suit and tie, having obviously filmed his parts separate from the "real" interview.

Originally, all bar a single scene were dialog-heavy pieces taking place on the Stargate Command set. Mikita sought to keep the energy high and build drama by encouraging actors to talk over the top of each other where appropriate - something production would typically try to avoid for continuity editing. During filming the actors were given room to improvise lines, as was typical of the show. This included a scene between in the cafeteria where Teryl Rothery noticed Saul Rubinek had accidentally left his real wedding ring on leading her, as Fraiser, to ask about Bregman's marriage. In a scene in the infirmary, Mikita prompted Christopher Redman to "accidentally" knock Rubinek's character with the boom mic, which elicited a response from him. This continued into the subsequent scene, where Tobias Slezak's character then begins filming Bregman's attempts at flirting with Fraiser. Don S. Davis, who was vocal about how extraordinary he believed the script to be and found his scenes particularly difficult, became emotional during filming. Director Andy Mikita later commented that he believed that Davis's time serving in the United States Army had given him a far deeper, first-hand connection to the subjects being tackled in the show.

Prior to filming Bregman's passionate tirade against the Stargate Command personnel, a scene which would go on to be regarded by fans and the show's cast and crew as one of the episode's best moments, Saul Rubinek and Robert C. Cooper had a "heated" discussion in Rubinek's trailer. After keeping the crew waiting for some time, the two returned to set and Rubinek shot the scene, with Cooper later commenting that he felt like the rant was somewhat directed towards him.

Before being expanded, the episode's one scene filmed on location was in Broadview Park, Burnaby, involving Daniel and Fraiser aiding the injured member of SG-13. When the episode was expanded, the crew returned to this location for additional filming. Originally due to the time of year, the location was deciduous with leaves on the ground and bare trees, however due to the time that had passed, the location was now far more evergreen. As a result, the crew had to spend some time scorching the location, bringing in their own leaves to cover the ground to maintain continuity. During Dr. Fraiser's final moments, Michael Shanks as Daniel Jackson held onto Teryl Rothery's hand, although it could not be seen on screen. Rothery later commented that the fact they were filming out of sequence meant she was back on the Stargate set the following day after filming her death, which she felt made the experience of leaving the show somewhat easier.

After being developed into a two episode arc and requiring additional material, a number of new scenes were required. In order to accommodate the schedules of both the cast and production crew, as well as minimizing costs, a rural location outside Langley, British Columbia along the Canada–United States border was selected that could be used for both "Heroes" and another episode, "Birthright". The location was big enough that production could split into two crews operating simultaneously. The Stargate was erected on location, with Mikita shooting it from one angle and "Birthright" director Peter Woeste shooting the exact same gate, but from a different angle to give the impression that they were different worlds. The new scenes included SG-13, consisting of Simon Wells (Julius Chapple), Jake Bosworth (Christopher Pearce), Dave Dixon (Adam Baldwin) and Cameron Balinsky (David Lewis) coming through the Stargate and discovering the Ancient ruins, destroying a Goa'uld probe as well as Simon Wells being shot in the back. The most significant addition was the battle sequence involving SG-1 and other SG teams against the Goa'uld ground and spacecraft. The battle sequence included heavy use of gasoline mortar explosions to simulate attacking ships, so local residents were advised, as were US Customs, given the site's close proximity to the United States border. The main battle sequence was mostly shot in one large tracking shot, with four cameras rolling simultaneously.

Upon being added to the show, Robert Picardo had prior commitments coming up, meaning he would have to film all of his scenes as Richard Woolsey in a single day. The dialog heavy scenes were complicated by the fact that Cooper and Mikita wanted Woolsey to separately interrogate Samantha Carter, Daniel Jackson and Teal'c, but present it as one long take that would switch between the interrogatees as the camera panned round the room. To achieve the shot, Tapping, Shanks and Judge would position themselves out of shot and switch with each other as the camera moved around the room.

Post-production
Editor Eric Hill, along with Andy Mikita and Robert C. Cooper, produced their first cut of the episode which ran for 64 minutes, which was then edited down slightly to around 60 minutes. Cooper then decided that he did not want to cut additional material, commenting "we fell in love with so many scenes and we couldn't bear to cut them". The producers of the show and The Sci-fi Channel discussed presenting the episode as a special-length show, however Cooper was aware that if they did that, they would still need to make a 44-minute version for syndication. Cooper instead got approval to turn "Heroes" into a two-part episode, on the premise that they would write and film new material to reach the 88 minute requirement. As work was wrapping on the first ten episodes, with production set to take its mid-season break, the production team set about reorganizing the remainder of the season.

To further distinguish between the documentary and regular film footage, Hill and Mikita experimented with adding overlay graphics to the documentary shots, such as a recording symbol and grid lines, although ultimately decided that it was not necessary. When using documentary footage in a scene, care was taken to try to then cut back to a regular film shot showing the documentary crew to further emphasize the documentary premise of the show. The post-production team at Rainmaker Digital Effects spent additional time colour correcting all of the day two footage shot on the Sony MPEG IMX cameras, after all of the footage came out very blue due to the camera being incorrectly setup.

A number of scenes were significantly trimmed in length during editing, including the first meeting between General George Hammond and Emmett Bregman and a later scene where Bregman lobbies the United States President for release of the video footage shot off-world by Daniel Jackson. The latter was cut by Cooper, who felt it was too comedic and did not want to break the tension given the upcoming reveal that Janet Fraiser had died. The final scene shot for the episode, where SG-13's Colonel Dave Dixon communicates with Hammond, O'Neill and Carter back at the SGC was also shortened, partly due to Richard Dean Anderson (O'Neill) having significantly shorter hair than he did in his previous scene due to the time between shooting.

Plot leak
An earlier draft of the plot was leaked online in February 2003, before filming had even begun. Whilst Bregman was instead named "Parker", most of the details were as they appear in the final episode, including the key spoilers that O'Neill would be shot and that Janet would die whilst saving Wells on an off-world mission. Prior to airing, a "Save Janet Fraiser" fan campaign was setup encouraging fans to voice their desire to save Fraiser by writing to producer Robert Cooper, Sky Television, The Sci-fi Channel and MGM.

Broadcast and ratings
"Heroes" continued the seventh season's trend of airing first on Sky One in the United Kingdom, with part 1 being shown on February 3, 2004, attracting 730,000 viewers and part 2, which was shown on February 10, 2004, attracting 780,000 viewers. In the United States, part 1 aired February 13 on Sci-fi Channel and earned a 1.8 household rating and a 1.9 rating for Part 2 on February 20, equating to approximately 2.3 million viewers. Part 1 was the milestone 150th episode of the series. In Canada, part 1 of "Heroes" was first shown on December 30, 2004, on SPACE.

Reception
IGN commented that "Where "Heroes, Part One" eased the viewer into the usual comfort zone for the series, "Heroes, Part Two" kicks you right out of that zone with a boot to the solar plexus", noting that it would be an episode which audiences did not soon forget. Writing for Tor.com, Keith R.A. DeCandido declared the episode the best of season 7. DeCandido observed that whilst the episode would be remembered as the end of Janet Fraiser, it also had "spectacular guest turns" by Robert Picardo and Saul Rubinek. Den of Geek praised the episodes subversion of audience expectations, highlighting the performance of guest star Saul Rubinek, with Chris Allcock writing "from the handheld cameras to the talking heads to the non-linear narrative and the tragedy it hides, Heroes delivers everything besides the audience's expectations, and is supremely powerful as a result". The episode was placed 3rd in their "25 Best Episodes of Stargate SG-1 list". Julia Houston for About.com summed up the two-parter, writing "you'll find the first hour a little slow, but worth it for the payoff in part two", praising guest performances from Rubinek and Adam Baldwin. Houston went on to write "The task of preserving the truth about our heroes here is an effective tribute not to the characters of the show, but to American soldiers in Iraq", drawing parallels to the media coverage of the Iraq War.

Screen Rant described the episode as "one of the best, if not the best, written and performed episode in the entire show", including it amongst their "The 5 Best Episodes Of Stargate SG-1 (& 5 Worst)". Comet writer Kieran Dickson placed the episode 4th on his list of the "10 Best Episodes of Stargate SG-1", commenting that it was "the only episode of a TV show to turn me into a weeping mess". Eamonn McCusker of The Digital Fix wrote that the episode was amongst the best of SG-1's run until that point, calling the second part "excellent and genuinely affecting" applauding the decision to portray a major character death in the faces of guest actors. DVD Talk also hailed the "compelling drama" as being amongst the best of SG-1's run-to-date. Amy Walker of Set the Tape wrote that the episode "comes out of nowhere to shock the audience and forever change the series", commending the episodes representation of those in the military and placing it second in what she believed to be the shows greatest episodes. WhatCulture placed Saul Rubinek as the best guest appearance of Stargate SG-1's entire 10 year run, calling it one of Rubinek's "finest performances of his entire career".

Of the featured reviews written by contributors on the Stargate fansite Gateworld.net, one by Lex was critical of what they called a "poor attempt at misdirection" by revealing that Janet Fraiser had died and not Jack O'Neill. The writer also commented that they couldn't understand the point of why Janet had been killed off, pondering if they were supposed to be relieved that it was Fraiser and not O'Neill. Whilst highlighting the great performances from the cast, they were further critical of the lack of scenes involving Teal'c or Jack O'Neill and questioned the absence of Janet's adopted daughter, Cassandra. In a separate review published by Gateworld.net, Alli Snow was far more positive about the "terrific", "timely and moving" episode, praising the way in which the departure of Fraiser was handled, which they believed to be a fitting tribute to both the character and those in the military whom the character represents. Many fans were critical of the fact that Cassandra Fraiser, portrayed by Colleen Rennison, wasn't featured in the episode. It was originally claimed by the producers in The Illustrated Companion that Rennison was unavailable, Rennison later commented that she was never approached to appear in "Heroes" and had been unaware that Fraiser had died.

Awards and nominations
"Heroes" was nominated for four Leo Awards. Director Andy Mikita was nominated for "Dramatic Series: Best Direction", with Michael Robison ultimately winning for his direction on The Collector episode, "The Roboticist". Writer Robert C. Cooper was nominated for "Dramatic Series: Best Screenwriting", with Brian McKeown, Linda Svendsen taking the award home for their work on Human Cargo, whilst Eric Hill's editing was nominated for "Best Picture Editing", but also lost out to part 5 of Human Cargo. Don S. Davis (General George Hammond) performance in the episode was nominated the category "Dramatic Series: Best Supporting Performance - Male", with Zak Santiago Alam taking the award for Human Cargo. Both parts of the episode were nominated for the "Best Dramatic Presentation, Short Form" category of the Hugo Awards, with the episode "33" of Battlestar Galactica taking the award home.

Home media
"Heroes", still split into two parts as they were broadcast, along with subsequent episodes "Resurrection" and "Inauguration" were first released on Region 2 DVD on May 31, 2004, as part of the "Volume 36" standalone disc, before being released as part of the Season 7 boxset on October 19, 2004. A behind the scenes featurette of the episode "SG-1 Directors Series - Heroes", as well as commentary by director Andy Mikita, Andrew Wilson and Robert C. Cooper were included in the DVD releases.

Three deleted scenes were made available on the Sci-Fi Channel's website after the episode aired. These include a scene in which Bregman debates with Col. Rundell over his access to restricted parts of Stargate Command, another where a frustrated Bregman tries to call the president and finally a scene which would have appeared at the end of the episode, where Bregman's finished film is delivered to Jack O'Neill's house. Two of these were later added to SCI FI Pulse for a limited time, but have since remained otherwise unavailable and unreleased.

The episodes along with the rest of season 7 were first made available digitally in January 2008 through iTunes and Amazon Unbox. The episode, along with every other episode of the series, were made available to stream for the first time through Netflix in the USA on August 15, 2010.

title: Heroes (Stargate SG-1)


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Evolution (Stargate SG-1)

"Evolution" (Parts 1 & 2) are the 11th and 12th episodes from seventh season of the science fiction television series Stargate SG-1. Part 1 was co-written by Damien Kindler and Michael Shanks, with Kindler adapting the story into a teleplay, whilst part 2 was written by Peter Deluise and Damien Kindler, with Deluise handling the teleplay as well as directing the episode. Part 1 was first broadcast on August 22, 2003, on Sci-Fi Channel in the United States, with part 2 subsequently airing first in the on Sky One in United Kingdom on December 14, 2003, following the shows mid-season hiatus in the US.

In the episode, Stargate Command and it's allies encounter a new enemy "Super Soldier", who is impervious to their weapons. Believing that the Goa'uld Anubis has created this enemy using Ancient technology, Dr. Jackson (Michael Shanks) travels to South America to investigate a similar device mentioned in legend. Meanwhile, the rest of SG-1 along with their allies Bra'tac (Tony Amendola) and Jacob Carter (Carmen Argenziano) hatch a plan to capture one of the soldiers alive.

The writers wanted to introduce a new enemy in response to more and more of the Jaffa defecting and turning against the Goa'uld, as well as creating a soldier that was a much more powerful adversary. "Evolution" part 2 broke rating records for the Sci-Fi Channel as the channels most watch broadcast to-date, as well as being the most watch episode of Stargate SG-1.

Part 1
Teal'c (Christopher Judge) and Bra'tac (Tony Amendola) have travelled to a planet to investigate the meeting between two opposing Goa'uld's, Tilgath and Ramius. They arrive to discover that both sides were massacred by a single enemy soldier, who soon attacks Teal'c & Bra'tac. Initially the soldier seems impervious to their weapons, but is eventually killed by Teal'c and taken back to Stargate Command where they inform SG-1 and General Hammond (Don S. Davis). Jacob Carter (Carmen Argenziano) arrives and together, he and Samantha Carter (Amanda Tapping) examine the warrior, and soon make the discovery that it was created in a laboratory and given life by Goa'uld symbiote. They also determine that it was not Teal'c that killed the being, but rather it suffered a heart attack. Noticing similarities between the soldier's armour and the technology of the Goa'uld Sarcophagus, Jacob explains that a Goa'uld named Telchak created the first Sarcophagus thousands of years earlier, basing it on an Ancient device that has since been lost. Dr. Daniel Jackson (Michael Shanks) recalls that his grandfather, Nicholas Ballard, had conducted research on the supposed location fountain of youth, linking it to the Maya civilization. Jackson and Jacob believe that Ballard's research might lead them to the location of the lost Ancient device.

Jack O'Neill (Richard Dean Anderson), Samantha, Teal'c, Bra'tac and an SG team travel to a planet held by the Goa'uld Ramius. Believing that Anubis will try to finish the job and kill Ramius, the team plan to capture a super soldier alive. After the soldier is impervious to their stun dart and subsequent traps, the team are captured and imprisoned by Ramius. After being freed, the team are able to steal a Goa'uld cargo ship and use the ring-transporter to capture the super soldier.

Hoping to find the Telchak device, Dr. Jackson, along with Dr. Lee (Bill Dow) have travelled to Honduras, where Rogelio (Zak Santiago), a guide, takes them into the jungle in search of the temple described in Ballard's notes. After locating the device and escaping the temple as it floods, the group are captured by Honduran revolutionaries who believe them to be thieves they can hold for ransom money. Rogelio tries to escape but is shot.

The captured super soldier has been taken back to Stargate Command for interrogation, but the being is unwilling to say anything more than it serves Anubis. Jacob believes they can use a Tok'ra memory recall device to access it's mind and in doing so they are able to identify Anubis' planet of operations. General Hammond informs O'Neill, Carter and Teal'c that Dr. Jackson and Dr. Lee have been kidnapped and likely taken into Nicaragua.

Part 2
In the rebel camp in Nicaragua, Daniel is questioned by their leader Rafael (Frank Roman), but refuses to tell him who they work for or what the device is that they recovered. Believing Daniel to be hiding something, Rafael tortures Daniel, but Daniel still refuses to divulge anything, so Rafael instead turns his attention to Dr. Lee. At Stargate Command, General Hammond informs O'Neill that there are ransoms for Dr. Jackson and Dr. Lee, and soon-after O'Neill is given the go-ahead to attempt a rescue mission. After O'Neill says goodbye to Sam, she, along with Teal'c, General Hammond, Jacob and Bra'tac hatch a plan to use the stolen Goa'uld cargo ship and armour of the Super Soldier to infiltrate Anubis' base of operations on the planet Tartarus.

In Honduras, O'Neill meets CIA Agent Burke (Enrico Colantoni), a former friend and comrade of O'Neill from his time in black ops. After Burke relays the situation to O'Neill, the pair begin to argue about their past, specifically their last mission together where Burke killed a member of their team in friendly fire and was subsequently discharged from the military. Burke decides to leave O'Neill to complete the current mission on his own. Meanwhile, in the rebel camp, Lee tells Daniel that he gave into their torture and told the revolutionaries everything he knew about the device, which Rafael activates.

Jacob, in the armour of the Super Soldier travels through the Stargate to Tartarus, where upon arrival, is taken by a Goa'uld named Thoth to be examined. Suddenly Anubis (David Palffy) enters and calls Thoth away. With Thoth gone, Jacob is able to deactivate the sensors, allowing Sam, Teal'c and Bra'tac to land in their Cargo Ship. Jacob, Sam & Teal'c then find a Goa'uld queen symbiote, which is being used by Anubis to birth Goa'uld to create more Super Soldiers. They plant explosive on the queen and continue exploring the base until they find a room with thousands of Super Soldiers being addressed by Anubis. Thoth discovers them, but is swiftly killed, which sets off the alarm. The Super Soldiers pursue them, with one of them making it on board the Cargo Ship, but luckily Bra'tac and Jacob are able to eject it.

O'Neill and his guide find Telchak's temple, where Burke is waiting nearby, having changed his mind and decided to help. They then come across Rogelio who is still alive. As O'Neill and Burke continue tracking, Burke reveals that he killed their fellow team-member on their last mission after realising the soldier was a traitor and was about to kill him, but withheld it in order to protect the mans family. In the rebel camp, after learning that Rafael is using the Ancient Device and seeing him kill one of his own men, Dr. Jackson and Dr. Lee manage to escape and flee into the jungle, but are soon chased by Rafael and his men. As the revolutionaries catch-up to Jackson and Lee, O'Neill arrives and kills them. A rebel who has been reanimated by the Ancient Device then starts attacking them, but is soon blown-up by Burke.

Writing and Development
Part 1 of "Evolution" was written by Damian Kindler and Michael Shanks, with Kindler also handling the teleplay, whilst part 2 was written by Peter Deluise and Kindler, with Deluise also writing the teleplay. Although uncredited, producer Robert C. Cooper also assisted.

Shank's had been working on a number of stories, one of which would have been a sequel to the season 3 episode "Crystal Skull", with Daniel's dying grandfather Nicholas Ballard returning and Daniel subsequently finding his notes on the Fountain of Youth. Robert C. Cooper had been developing his own ideas surrounding the Goa'uld using a device to create a new soldier, which upon Shank's pitching his stories for season 7, Cooper felt that some of their ideas paired well together. Subsequently, Shanks worked with Damian Kindler to further adapt the story into what would become part 1 of "Evolution".

Peter Deluise wrote part 2 of "Evolution" with Kindler. In an earlier draft of part 2, Deluise had O'Neill end the episode with the line "we didn't die this time!", but subsequently removed it as he felt it was too on the nose.

Super Soldiers
The Super Soldier, also referred to as "Kull Warriors" and "Anubis' Drones" are a Goa'uld foot soldier introduced in "Evolution" that go on to feature throughout the subsequent seasons of SG-1. Over the course of SG-1, the enemy Goa'uld armies, made up of Jaffa soldiers had been slowly defecting and turning against the Goa'uld. Showrunner Robert C. Cooper felt that the Jaffa were no longer imposing, nor enough of a threat as a villain due to how frequently SG-1 successfully defeated them. Due to Jaffa being enslaved by the Goa'uld, Peter Deluise felt it had also become "distasteful" battling them.

Cooper wanted to create a much more powerful adversary than the Jaffa, as well as noting they wanted "one that would relish the challenge of dealing with, and have a little more fun with. We don't mind shooting this guy; he's bad and deserves to be destroyed". Influences from Mary Shelly's Frankenstein's monster and James Cameron's Terminator were noted by Deluise in what they hoped to meld in order to create their new foe. Prior to completing the script for "Evolution", the writers took their ideas to Art Director James Robbins, who worked a conceptualising the look of the villain. Robbin's initially envisioned a soldier more aesthetically similar to the Jaffa warriors, with broad-armour and a staff weapon. Cooper wanted the soldier to be more sleek and high-tech, as well as noting the Ancient influence and so Robbin's redesigned the soldier, opting for a design that features wrist-mounted weapons. Inspired by the episode "Cure", where a Goa'uld symbiote birthed its offspring without passing on its genetic memories, the writers expanded upon this by giving the super soldiers a "blank slate" Goa'uld symbiote that would be responsible for the soldiers physical enhancements. This would be coupled with what was imagined as a reanimated cloned being underneath the armour, created in a laboratory by the Goa'uld Anubis.

As the script for "Evolution" was completed, one of the key considerations for Production Designer Bridget Maguire was creating armour and a being underneath that could be taken apart, piece-by-piece, something Maguire noted the show hadn't done much of before with actual beings. The armour was formed of around 50 different pieces, some of which were vacuum formed, whilst others were hand-moulded from leather and plastic. Maguire and Robbin's had considered having the soldiers skin fuse to the armour as the SGC dissected it, however felt it may end up too gratuitous. Todd Masters and MastersFX worked on the prosthetic face for the creature underneath the armour.

The production team had reoccurring actor Dan Payne in mind for the role, as he had the sort of tall, muscular build they had imagined for the part, as well as being able to handle the sort of physicality that would be involved. A A full body cast of Payne was made so that the suit and armour could be specifically made for his body. Payne, Cooper, DeLuise and John Lenic then spent time developing the way in which the being would move and interact with things, as well as its general demeanour. Payne noted that they the movements to reflect "something that has human elements, robotic elements, is a killer so he has a hunter’s instinct", as well as considering how the soldier would act in battle, commenting they intended for the soldier to come across as "nonchalant" rather than "robotic" when being fired upon. Payne also portrayed Carmen Argenziano's character Jacob Carter during the scenes where Jacob would be wearing the super soldier armour. Multiple super soldiers were featured throughout the episode, most of which were portrayed by Dan Payne, with recurring actor Alex Zahara also portraying the soldiers for additional green screen, motion capture and some pick-up shots.

Cast
Enrico Colantoni was cast in the part of CIA agent Burke, a former comrade of O'Neill's time in Black-ops. As the story would delve into an incident from O'Neill's past, Deluise had initially envisioned Burke as quite serious, however as the story progressed Deluise decided to inject more of his own "wacky" mannerisms to add another dimension to the character. Deluise elaborated that "When writing for the character I felt as though I was channelling the spirit of Burke… It was strange and wonderful!". Deluise had hoped to bring Burke back again in a later episode.

Zak Santiago was cast as Honduran guide, Rogelio Duran. Santiago was originally going to die in the first part of "Evolution", with his body to be discovered in the second part, however DeLuise was impressed with Santiago's performance and instead decided the character would survive being shot so as to give Santiago a slightly expanded part. Santiago would later appear as another character, Corporal Rivers in Stargate Universe.

Frank Roman portrayed Honduran revolutionary, Rafael. Roman, who hadn't previously worked with firearms was given training to use both the AK47 and 9mm handgun. Roman found his scenes involving bugs on the set particularly challenging, later commenting that "bugs aren’t my thing and being around them makes me antsy. I had to act in the scene and try not to be freaked out by the bugs around my feet!". Victor Favrin plays one of Rafael's men, Chalo.

Ian Marsh plays the Goa'uld scientist, Thoth. Named after the Ancient Egyptian God of Knowledge, Thoth. Deluise later joked that he named the character that as it was "the only Egyptian God name we hadn't used yet - for good reason", but justified his choice of "terrible" names by saying it fitted the character who was a "Goa'uld nerd".

Recurring guest stars Carmen Argenziano and Tony Amendola return as Jacob Carter and Bra'tac. Eric Breker, Bill Dow, Dan Shea, David Palffy also reprise their characters of Colonel Reynolds, Dr. Lee, Sergeant Siler and Anubis.

Filming and Post-production
The episode was directed by frequent director Peter Deluise, with Jim Menard overseeing cinematography. Whilst parts of the episode were taking place in Honduras, filming these scenes stayed in British Columbia. Forests outside of Burnaby were redressed with ferns, banana plants and other botany found in South America. Mid-Valley viewpoint served as the location of the rebel camp where Dr. Jackson & Lee were held, with production managing to acquire a downed Russian helicopter to dress the location. A gun range outside of Burnaby was redressed as the Honduran cantina visited by Dr. Lee and Jackson whilst various creatures and animals were also bought into all of these locations, including chickens, donkeys, cockroaches, snakes and a tarantula. A small entrance to the temple was constructed on location that was just big enough to fully submerge the actors, whilst the main temple interior was constructed on a soundstage back at The Bridge Studios.

For the removal of the super-soldiers armour, Deluise was particularly influenced by the television series CSI: Crime Scene Investigation in his choice of shots, whilst later on when Doctor's Jackson & Lee discover the artifact by the temple, Deluise commented that Raiders of the Lost Ark played a major influence on how the scene was written and executed. When greeting the Goa'uld Ramius, Richard Dean Anderson improvised a Vulcan salute from Star Trek. The episode was edited by Brad Rines. To further help the scenes in South America feel authentic, the film was graded to look more saturated and warm. Stock footage of a South American waterfall was also added to one of the scenes in Honduras to further sell the audience on the location.

The existing Goa'uld mothership set was redressed to serve as the interior of Anubis' base. Visual effects Bruce Woloshyn supervisor noted that the special effects team used CGI to expand upon the physical sets as well as create the lava-covered alien planet exterior, commenting "we were not only able to expand and show the massive scale of the rest of the interior of the structure, but totally tie the architecture of both the inside and outside of the fortress together in a very stylized design". Visual effects studio Rainmaker Digital Effects had originally assembled previs images which depicted Anubis' Tartarus Outpost as a series of monolithic dome-like structures high-up in a rock mountain, before being reimagined.

Release and reception
As with almost all of season seven, almost all of the key plot points were leaked online in May 2003 and subsequently reposted by various publications. The new enemy, the Goa'uld "Super Soldiers" were teased by various publications in July 2003.

Broadcast and ratings
"Evolution" part 1 was first broadcast on August 22, 2003, on the Sci-Fi Channel in the United States, with the show then taking a four-month mid-season break. During this break, broadcasts of Stargate SG-1 Season 7 on Sky One in the United Kingdom caught up and overtook those in the US, with part 2 of "Evolution" airing first in the UK on December 14, 2003. "Evolution" part 1 was first shown in the United Kingdom on December 7, 2003, whilst part 2 was first shown in the United States on January 9, 2004.

Upon being broadcast on the Sci-fi Channel, part 1 achieved a 1.7 household rating, whilst "Evolution" part 2 set the record as the highest-rated broadcast ever for the Sci-fi Channel, with a 2.2 household rating, representing around 2.7 million viewers. At the time, this also made it the most watched episode of SG-1's seven and a half year run. On Sky One, part one attracted an estimated 680,000 viewers and was Sky One's sixth most watched show that week, whilst part 2 had some 770,000 viewers, and was the seventh most watched show on Sky One that week.

Reception
TV Zone editor Jan Vincent-Rudzki was critical of what they called "too many coincidences", referencing Teal'c and Bra'tac's fight with the "indestructible" super-soldier, that happens to show weakness at just the right time and that "Daniel happens to have the information ready to hand about the 'Fountain of Youth'". They went onto discuss the lack of Richard Dean Anderson's Jack O'Neill, noting that O'Neill trying to "talk his way out of jail" was one of the episodes best scenes, going on to remark that "what we're not getting any more is the SG-1 team doing anything as a unit, but rather each of the members involved in separate situations. There's no spark with them separated". Vincent-Rudzki praised the visualization and design of the newly introduced super-soldier, but felt the reactions to it being unmasked were underplayed. Awarding the episode 4/10, the reviewer posed the question "shouldn't a cliff-hanger surprise the audience?". Reviewing for About.com Julia Houston praised the episode for "capitalizing" on previous plot points, writing "the buildup to the big confrontation with Anubis is progressing nicely". Houston also singled out Enrico Colantoni's guest performance as Burke, calling him "extremely likable", as well as highlighting her appreciation of Richard Dean Anderson's increased screen-time as Jack O'Neill in the episode.

Writing for Stargate fansite Gateworld.net, Alli Snow praised the first part of "Evolution" as being "entertaining", but did highlight the unexplained absence of Richard Dean Anderson's Jack O'Neill for the first 20 minutes of the episode. Upon O'Neill's onscreen arrival, Snow felt like the writers "were trying to cram as much "Jackness" as humanly possible into three or four minutes of screen time", which they felt was "a little forced", although nevertheless found it amusing. Snow's review also echoed other reviewers critiques of the episode in that the climax of the first of the two episodes lacked the drama to make it an effective cliff-hanger and build-up the audiences excitement for the second part. Reviewing the second part, Snow felt that too much of the episode was cantered on the character of Burke (Enrico Colantoni), which they found to be superfluous to the plot and was critical of the constant shifting between the different storylines, believing it disrupted the tension. The score by Joel Goldsmith and the setup of the new enemy "super soldiers" were praised by the reviewer as the standout aspects of the episode. Writer and director Peter Deluise described "Evolution" part 2 as his favourite episode to write for on Stargate SG-1, specifically creating the character of Burke. DVD Talk hailed "Evolution" as one of the highlights of SG-1's seventh season. Geek Bomb placed the episode amongst their top 10 episodes from the shows 10-year run.

Home media
"Evolution", along with prior episodes "Avenger 2.0" and "Birthright" were first released on Region 2 DVD on March 29, 2004, as part of the "Volume 34" standalone disc, before being released as part of the Season 7 boxset on October 19, 2004. Whilst no "SG-1 Directors Series" behind the scenes feature was produced for the episode, audio commentaries of the episode with director Peter Deluise, with actor Gary Jones joining him for part 1 and Amanda Tapping in part 2 were included with the DVD.

The episodes along with the rest of season 7 were first made available digitally in January 2008 through iTunes and Amazon Unbox. The episode, along with every other episode of the series, were made available to stream for the first time through Netflix in the USA on August 15, 2010.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Evolution (Stargate SG-1)


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Redemption (Stargate SG-1)

"Redemption" is the two-part season 6 premiere of the science fiction television series Stargate SG-1. Airing on June 7 and June 14, 2002, it was the first all-new SG-1 episode to be broadcast by SCI FI, the new home of SG-1 after the series' move from Showtime. The episode was written by producer Robert C. Cooper, and directed by Martin Wood. "Redemption" is the first episode where actor Corin Nemec had main cast status, his character Jonas Quinn replacing Daniel Jackson (played by Michael Shanks) who died at the end of season 5. The episode also marks the second appearance of David Hewlett's character Rodney McKay, who later became a main character on Stargate Atlantis. "Redemption Part 2" was nominated for a Gemini Award in the category "Best Visual Effects".

Part 1
Major Carter invites Jonas Quinn, who left his home planet and has been living at Stargate Command (SGC) since Daniel Jackson's death ("Meridian"), to leave the base with SG-1. At Area 51, they see the newly built fighter jet X-302 for the first time, but O'Neill refuses to test-fly it (because of the X-301 incident in season 4's "Tangent"). Back at the SGC, O'Neill denies the proposal of General Hammond and Col. Chekov, who wants a Russian as the new fourth member of SG-1. Jonas admits to Carter that he wants to be a member of SG-1, and talks with Teal'c about O'Neill's mistrust in him. When Teal'c talks with his Colonel, O'Neill claims that Jonas is an alien.

Bra'tac arrives at the SGC and informs Teal'c that Drey'auc (Teal'c wife) is ill. By the time they have reached Chulak, Drey'auc has died. Teal'c's teenage son Rya'c wants to take revenge on Teal'c and starts to beat him down, but Bra'tac intervenes. Teal'c talks with Rya'c during Drey'auc burial, and Rya'c starts to cry. Meanwhile, at Earth, the SGC Stargate was dialed from off-world and has stayed open beyond its 38-minute limit, with energy of the gate rapidly rising. Carter presumes that the gate will eventually explode and potentially cause the destruction of Earth. Dr. Rodney McKay arrives at the SGC as ordered much to Carter's annoyance. Carter informs Col. Chekov that the X-302 will soon be ready so that Earth can contact the Asgard for help. As O'Neill and Carter start with X-302, Jonas and McKay inform Hammond of potential problems with the X-302's hyperspace engine due to the instability of the naqahdriah. Shortly before the X-302 enters hyperspace, they miss the window and the mission is cancelled.

Back on Chulak, a Jaffa arrives with a Tel'tak and reveals that Anubis is going to attack Earth's Stargate. Through trial and error of dialing planets that belong to Anubis, they finally find out which world the weapon is on. Back at SGC, Carter can only assume what caused the problem. A hologram of Anubis appears in the gateroom, saying in a very dramatic way that they will all be destroyed soon, much to O'Neill's annoyance.

Part 2
Dr. McKay talks with Major Carter about the situation, when McKay has the idea of using an EMP. General Hammond allows him to proceed, despite Carter's protest. She also presents the problems with that plan, but Hammond orders her to work with McKay. The plan is finally carried out, but it doesn't work. Suddenly lightning strikes from the machine. When Carter closes the iris, she is struck down.

On the Jaffa world, they find out where Anubis has positioned the weapon and together with Rya'c they use a Tel'tak to go there. The planet is guarded by Ha'taks, who detect the cloaked cargo ship and thus Teal'c, Bra'tac and Rya'c ring down to the planet, where they attack the Jaffa. During the battle however Rya'c is wounded. They then hide because there are many guards and patrolling Death gliders. The three Jaffa then find the weapon (which is of Ancient origin) and while Rya'c has to stay hidden the two adults go to the weapon. However the weapon is protected by a force field.

At SGC, Carter's wounds are treated in the infirmary and she is visited by McKay who apologizes to her and tells her about his past. It is also revealed that the time until the explosion is cut in half, as Carter had predicted. Later Carter visits Jonas who looks at the Stargate and asks her how they got the Stargate in the gate room. This gives Carter an idea. She tells the scientists there to use the X-302 to fling the Stargate into space, and all of them start working. Hammond later talks with Colonel Chekov about the use of their Stargate, but the Russians demand a lot in return.

On Anubis' planet, Teal'c and Bra'tac are caught by Jaffa and questioned but they keep silent. They then ask for Rya'c, which makes Teal'c angry. Rya'c later overhears what will happen with Teal'c and Bra'tac. He then goes to a place with ships and steals a Death glider. Afterwards, he attacks the Jaffa guarding Teal'c and Bra'tac, who then free themselves. He then attacks the weapon, and despite being hit by another glider, he destroys the weapon.

Back on Earth, Jonas suggests using the hyperspace engine, but they don't know what will happen if they are used inside the atmosphere. They nevertheless plan to do it and only open a hyperspace window for about one second, long enough to transport the X-302 far enough away from the Earth that the stargate's explosion is harmless. They carry out the plan successfully and O'Neill also ejects in time, much to the joy of the others.

Later, McKay leaves and says goodbye to Carter while O'Neill talks with Hammond. They are then contacted by Teal'c, who informs them that the weapon was destroyed. Later, the gate from the Russians is installed and, although they want a Russian member at SG-1, O'Neill decides to take Jonas in, who then leaves with the team on his first mission.

Production

 * This episode features a brand new opening sequence, with various shots of the gate spinning, and Michael Shanks' name being removed to make way for Corin Nemec's in between Christopher Judge and Don S. Davis.
 * There was an intentional goof in the 18th minute of the episode: a monitor displayed the time that the wormhole had been active, but its reflection was not reflected mirror-inverted in the briefing room window, but displayed forwardly. This was done on purpose so that the viewer would have a concept of the time running out even when the timer wasn't in shot.
 * "Redemption" was not originally a two-parter, but Robert C. Cooper noticed during writing that while the script was already too long, there was still a huge hole in the story. He always wanted to do more with Teal'c and Rya'c but never had the story to fit those scenes into.
 * "Redemption" introduced the X-302, the first human-built fighter plane retro-engineered from Goa'uld technology. Andy Mikita came up with the idea to put the X-302 prop on a flatbed truck and drive it out of the hangar so that in the shot it looks like it taxies itself out. After Brad Wright and Robert C. Cooper, who have a passion for fighter jets, had flown in two T38 Airforce jets, Wright intended to write an episode with T38s in it, and bring the pilots from the US to Vancouver, Canada, where SG-1 was filmed. The T38s were put in the background of all shots.
 * There was a lot of night-shooting in "Redemption".
 * The scenes with O'Neill and Carter in masks in the X-302 were dubbed after filming.

Introduction of Jonas Quinn
At the end of season 5, Michael Shanks (Daniel Jackson) decided to leave Stargate SG-1 for concerns over being under-utilized. Some casting people from the SciFi Channel, who were looking to fill the void with a new character, happened to walk through the courtyard of MGM's Santa Monica offices where Corin Nemec was that day. They briefly mentioned Stargate to him, and the same afternoon Nemec's manager called Nemec to tell him they were interested in him. Since Nemec had never watched Stargate SG-1 up until that time (he was familiar with the Stargate film though), he was sent some videotapes of the show and had some more meetings until he was finally cast as Jonas Quinn for the penultimate season 5 episode "Meridian". Everyone agreed to wait and see how the character looked on film before deciding on long-term involvements, but MGM liked what they saw. Although "there's been quite a bit of ire directed by fans towards Daniel's replacement" after the airing of "Meridian", Robert C. Cooper hoped that they would like the character in the end.

"Redemption" is meant to establish that the new character can contribute ideas and be a team player. Writer Robert C. Cooper also felt it was important to acknowledge and not "trivialize what the [Daniel Jackson] character meant to the team and to the show for five seasons". The producers based Jonas's motivation to join SG-1 on his former reluctance to shut off the machine that would indirectly kill Daniel, and his feelings of responsibility of Daniel's death. According to producer Joseph Mallozzi before the airing of season 6, "Jonas will bring a unique alien perspective and ability to the team. In particular, this 'ability' will allow him to contribute in areas of expertise usually owned by Sam and Daniel. ... Jonas will take a heat off Sam in particular, allowing her to open up a little more." Producer Brad Wright said that "What Corin, as Jonas, will bring to the show is a renewed sense of amazement at the fact that we're crossing the galaxy in a single step [through a stargate]. It's still a profound and amazing thing that's happening, no matter how accustomed our characters are to it."

Carter is the one of the three SG-1 members Jonas Quinn feels most comfortable around, and Jonas hopes that she and Teal'c can persuade O'Neill to give him a chance to prove himself worthy of a place on the team. However, according to Richard Dean Anderson, "O'Neill feels that Jonas is directly responsible for the demise or at least the damaging of Daniel Jackson. [...] As a result, he harbours some resentment towards Jonas. [At the end of "Redemption",] O'Neill has finally come to the point of accepting Jonas but not entirely. [...] O'Neill is suspicious of aliens in general. The only exception is Teal'c [...] and O'Neill refuses to or isn't able to forget that Jonas is an alien." According to Amanda Tapping, "there is a hesitancy on [Carter]'s part to be too familiar with Jonas. [...] She is not to make this big emotional investment in Jonas because he's not Daniel. [...] In some ways, Jonas has inadvertently brought the three [remaining SG-1 members] closer together." Corin Nemec thought that "the writers hit the nail on the head in starting the season off" with a prolonged transition stage, and Jonas's "easy-going nature" later "help[s] him establish relationships not only with his fellow teammates but also Dr Fraiser and General Hammond, who according to Nemec is "very much a father figure in Jonas's eyes". However, Anderson was convinced that "O'Neill is [nevertheless not] going to warm up to Jonas very much at all", something which Nemec felt "makes things much more interesting".

Release and reception
Part one of "Redemption" first aired on Sci Fi in the United States on June 7, 2002, whilst part two aired the following week on June 14, 2002. Airing on Sci Fi, Stargate SG-1 was followed by Farscape, with Sci Fi president Bonnie Hammer hoping that fans of Stargate would "stick around" to improve Farscape's ratings. Part one reportedly earned a 1.8 household rating, equating to approximately 1.35 million homes viewing, whilst part two earned a 1.7 rating, equating to approximately 1.3 million homes. In the United Kingdom part one and two first aired on Sky One on September 25, 2002, and were the 10th and 7th most watched programs on the channel that week, with 73 thousand and 78 thousand viewers respectively.

Mark Sachs for The Los Angeles Times praised the "smooth rapport" and "sly quippery" of Anderson, Tapping, Judge and newcomer Nemec, which combined with "all the interplanetary carrying-on make for a rollicking good time". Sachs also believed the episode was a good episode for newcomers to the series to start with. Jan Vincent-Rudzki for TV Zone praised the episode for its humour, style and "ability to surprise, treating the audience as intelligent". Vicent-Ridzki awarded part one 7 out of 10 and part two 9 out of 10, calling the special effects "astounding as ever", but it was new character Jonas Quinn the reviewer called the "biggest plus".

Chris Wyatt for Cinescape magazine also positively received the episode, writing "solid ensemble character work and an interesting premise prove that there will be life after Daniel Jackson". Wyatt did however question why they chose to begin the season and change from Showtime to Sci Fi with an episode "deeply mired in mythology" and was also critical of what he called "seemingly endless scenes of spoken exposition". Brian Ford Sullivan for The Futon Critic believed "the show has never looked and or played better", going on to highlight the episodes "exciting battles and a surprisingly easily accessible storyline". Kathie Huddleston for Science Fiction Weekly felt Nemec's Quinn was reminiscent of Daniel Jackson from early episodes of the series although believed he was "less of a nerd, but just as curious, intelligent and gentle of spirit". Huddleston awarded the episode a B grade but believed the writers needed to focus "more on the exploration of other planets and less on trying to figure out unique ways to endanger the human race".

KJB for IGN was less positive, calling Stargate SG-1 at its best "a standard action adventure hour with some interesting characters" and at its worst "a cheap excuse for tired old science fiction cliche's", believing "Redemption" "falls somewhere in between". Mark A. Perigard was similarly negative in his review in The Boston Herald, believing the series had "run out of stories to tell" and accused Anderson "just collecting a paycheck". WhatCulture included the episode as their 5th "most controversial" episode of Stargate due to Daniel Jackson being replaced by Jonas Quinn on SG-1.

Corin Nemec came on board amid controversy. At the beginning of season 6, producer Joseph Mallozzi admitted to still getting the "odd incoherent rambling death threat passed along to me from the [Save Daniel Jackson] site."

The work of James Tichenor, Simon Ager, Michelle Comens, Adam de Bosch Kemper, Deborah Dunphy, Shannon Gurney, Krista McLean, Matthew Talbot-Kelly, Craig Van Den Biggelaar and Bruce Woloshyn on the episode earned them a nomination for "Best Visual Effects" at the 19th Gemini Awards, with Shattered City: The Halifax Explosion ultimately winning the award.

title: Redemption (Stargate SG-1)


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Luminous energy

In photometry, luminous energy is the perceived energy of light. This is sometimes called the quantity of light. Luminous energy is not the same as radiant energy, the corresponding objective physical quantity. This is because the human eye can only see light in the visible spectrum and has different sensitivities to light of different wavelengths within the spectrum. When adapted for bright conditions (photopic vision), the eye is most sensitive to light at a wavelength of 555 nm. Light with a given amount of radiant energy will have more luminous energy if the wavelength is 555 nm than if the wavelength is longer or shorter. Light whose wavelength is well outside the visible spectrum has a luminous energy of zero, regardless of the amount of radiant energy present.

The SI unit of luminous energy is the lumen second, which is unofficially known as the talbot in honor of William Henry Fox Talbot. In other systems of units, luminous energy may be expressed in basic units of energy.

Explanation
Luminous energy $$Q_\mathrm v$$ is related to radiant energy $$Q_\mathrm e$$ by the expression $$Q_\mathrm v = 683.002\ \mathrm{lm/W} \cdot \int^\infin_0 Q_\mathrm e(\lambda) \overline{y}(\lambda) \, \mathrm d\lambda.$$ Here $$\lambda$$ is the wavelength of light, and $$\overline{y}(\lambda) $$ is the luminous efficiency function, which represents the eye's sensitivity to different wavelengths of light.

Luminous energy is the integrated luminous flux in a given period of time: $$Q_\mathrm{v} = \int_{0}^{T} \mathit{\Phi_\mathrm{v}}(t) \, \mathrm{d}t$$

title: Luminous energy


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User:Joyrex

Trying my best to improve and add sources and citations to Aphex Twin and Ceephax. Let's discuss things thoroughly! Sorry my English is not the best. Thank you so much.

title: User:Joyrex


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The Fourth Horseman (Millennium)

"The Fourth Horseman" is the twenty-second episode of the second season of the American crime-thriller television series Millennium. It premiered on the Fox network on May 8, 1998. The episode was written by Glen Morgan and James Wong, and directed by Dwight Little. "The Fourth Horseman" featured guest appearances by Kristen Cloke and Glenn Morshower.

In this episode, offender profiler Frank Black (Lance Henriksen) investigates the initial outbreak of a deadly virus, and discovers that his employers, the Millennium Group may pose a danger to his safety.

"The Fourth Horseman" was written under the belief that the series would soon be cancelled, and inspired in part by the outbreak of bovine spongiform encephalopathy in the United Kingdom. The episode has earned positive responses from critics, and was seen by approximately 4.61 million households during its initial broadcast.

Plot
On a farm in Baraboo, Wisconsin in 1986, a farmer finds his entire warehouse of chickens dead, the floor soaked in blood. He attempts to call for help, but quickly collapses, bleeding profusely and covered in dark lesions.

Twelve years later, Millennium Group member Frank Black (Lance Henriksen) is visited by a retired FBI agent, Richard Gilbert (Glenn Morshower). Gilbert hopes to headhunt Black, a former colleague, for his new private security firm, The Trust. Their meeting abruptly ends when Black receives word that his father has died. At the funeral, Black explains the notion of death to his daughter Jordan (Brittany Tiplady); later that day, he unsuccessfully tries to contact fellow Group member Lara Means (Kristen Cloke), with whom he has lost contact.

Black meets with another Group member, Peter Watts (Terry O'Quinn) to investigate the death of Jason Mogilny, who was found at a riverbank surrounded by six pints of spilt blood, with no evidence of murder. Black notices dead birds floating past in the river. A coroner determines that Mogilny drowned when his lungs filled with his own blood, surmising the cause to be a viral infection. Everyone who came into contact with the corpse is isolated in quarantine, waiting to be tested for exposure to any pathogen. While quarantined, Black accuses Watts and the Millennium Group of knowing more about the virus than is apparent; Watts frantically quotes the Bible's Book of Revelation in response. The pair are examined by mysterious doctors in protective suits; shortly afterwards, they are cleared to leave quarantine. Black contacts Gilbert and accepts his offer to join The Trust; however, he first wishes to "rescue" his friends within the Group and asks for Gilbert's help in locating Means.

In El Cajon, California, a family sit down to dinner for Mother's Day, before spontaneously collapsing and bleeding profusely. At home, Black's wife Catherine (Megan Gallagher) tells him that Jordan has been having vivid nightmares about the end of the world, in which she and her parents are isolated in a woodland cabin. Black admits to Catherine that he has come to accept the Group as a cult, and wishes to leave. He arranges to see a doctor, asking that his results remain secret.

Gilbert, finding that Watts has been in contact with Means, puts him under surveillance. Black travels to Means' last known location, where he observes a cult-like ceremony in which Means is ritually inducted into the Group. Contacting Watts, he reveals the results of his tests — they were injected with a vaccine while quarantined. Black insists that the Group is dangerous and they should flee; Watts refuses, predicting that an earthquake will occur the following morning and urging Black to accept full membership in the Group when this comes to pass. The next morning, Black receives a call from Means, who tells him that the Group mean no harm. The line suddenly cuts, and the tremors of an earthquake begin just as Watts had predicted. Black braces himself in a doorway, noticing that his pet bird is dead in its cage, covered in blood.

Production
"The Fourth Horseman" was written by frequent collaborators Glen Morgan and James Wong. The duo would pen a total of fifteen episodes throughout the series' run. The pair had also taken the roles of co-executive producers for the season. The episode was the second of three to be directed by Dwight Little, who had previously helmed "Midnight of the Century", and would return in the third season for "Borrowed Time".

Written simultaneously with the concluding episode, "The Time Is Now", the episode's script went through several different versions before a final plot was decided upon, as Morgan and Wong believed the series would not be renewed for a third season and wished to write a suitable ending. The idea of depicting an apocalyptic scenario as being the result of a virus came from Morgan's research into possible end-of-the-world scenarios, and was influenced by the outbreak of bovine spongiform encephalopathy in the United Kingdom. The build-up to, and depiction of, the viral outbreak was seen by the writing staff as conclusive proof that the series would be cancelled, leading to several writers beginning to look for work on other projects while still officially under contract to work on Millennium.

Actress Brittany Tiplady, who portrays Black's young daughter Jordan, has cited "The Fourth Horseman" as one of the episodes which she considered to have caused her to grow as an actress. Tiplady described her role in the episode as not being "just the cute Jordan Black with easy scenes and lots of giggling", and added that the increased depth her character was given served to heighten her interest in acting.

Broadcast and reception
"The Fourth Horseman" was first broadcast on the Fox network on May 8, 1998. The episode earned a Nielsen rating of 4.7 during its original broadcast, meaning that 4.7 percent of households in the United States viewed the episode. This represented approximately 4.61 million households, and left the episode the eighty-fifth most-viewed broadcast that week.

"The Time Is Now" received positive reviews from critics. The A.V. Club Emily VanDerWerff rated the episode an "A". VanDerWerff felt that the two-part finale was "at once haunting and terrifying", finding both "The Fourth Horseman" and "The Time Is Now" to be Millennium most frightening instalments. VanDerWerff noted that the episode's plotting and symbolism were not always subtle, but felt that this directness suited the series' tone. Bill Gibron, writing for DVD Talk, rated the episode 5 out of 5. Gibron felt that both Cloke and O'Quinn gave particularly strong performances in both this episode and its follow-up. Robert Shearman and Lars Pearson, in their book Wanting to Believe: A Critical Guide to The X-Files, Millennium & The Lone Gunmen, rated "The Fourth Horseman" five stars out of five.

title: The Fourth Horseman (Millennium)


text:
AMTOR

AMTOR (Amateur Teleprinting Over Radio) is a type of telecommunications system that consists of two or more electromechanical teleprinters in different locations that send and receive messages to one another. AMTOR is a specialized form of RTTY protocol. The term is an acronym for Amateur Teleprinting Over Radio and is derived from ITU-R recommendation 476-1 and is known commercially as SITOR (Simplex Telex Over radio) developed primarily for maritime use in the 1970s. AMTOR was developed in 1978 by Peter Martinez, G3PLX, with the first contact taking place in September 1978 with G3YYD on the 2m Amateur band. It was developed on homemade Motorola 6800-based microcomputers in assembler code. It was used extensively by amateur radio operators in the 1980s and 1990s but has now fallen out of use as improved PC-based data modes are now used and teleprinters became out of fashion.

AMTOR improves on RTTY by incorporating error detection or error correction techniques. The protocol remains relatively uncomplicated and AMTOR performs well even in poor and noisy HF conditions. AMTOR operates in one of two modes: an error detection mode and an automatic repeat request (ARQ) mode.

The AMTOR protocol utilizes a 7-bit code for each character, with each code-word having four mark and three space bits. If the received code does not match a four-to-three (4:3) ratio, the receiver assumes an error has occurred. In error detection mode, the code word will be dropped; in automatic repeat request mode, the receiver requests that the original data be resent. AMTOR also supports FEC in which simple bit-errors can be corrected.

AMTOR utilizes FSK, with a frequency shift of 170 Hz, and a symbol rate of 100 Baud.

AMTOR is rarely used today, as other protocols such as PSK31 are becoming favoured by amateur operators for real-time text communications. The ARRL has announced that as of August 17, 2009, it will be dropping AMTOR bulletin service in favor of the more popular MFSK16 and PSK31 modes.

title: AMTOR


text:
Fan Chun Yip

Fan Chun Yip (born 1 May 1976) is a former Hong Kong professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He is currently the goalkeeping coach of Hong Kong Premier League club Southern.

Widely considered as one of the best goalkeepers in Hong Kong back in the days, he was voted as the Hong Kong Footballer of the Year in the 2003–04 season.

Childhood and early career
Fan was born in Hong Kong into a 7-member family. He is the youngest son. As a child, his 2nd oldest brother, who was tragically murdered in 2006, invited him to a 7 a-side match. Because he was the smallest, he was picked to be the goalkeeper. He surprised everyone with his agility and goalkeeping prowess, and even dived to save shots from the opponent on the hard concrete "pitch". After this, Fan would regularly play in goal, which built his interest in football.

In 1985, Fan joined the Hong Kong football promotional program, and was picked for the Hong Kong Schools Sports Federation training team. This was the first step towards his illustrious football career.

After being picked for the Hong Kong Schools Sports Federation training team, Fan was picked to join the Hong Kong Sports Institute because his potential was recognised. From amateur, Fan was promoted to the junior team, then promoted to the youth team. Because of his average height, it was not easy for him to proceed and become the first choice keeper of the youth team.

After Fan's promotion to the youth team, he started off his 4-year long accommodated training. Because Fan was professionally trained by the Hong Kong Sports Institute, he eventually was selected to represent the Hong Kong youth team.

Rangers is the First Division club Fan first joined. In a Reserve League match, he injured his index finger and was forced to rest for a couple of months. After recovering from this injury, he was named in the Hong Kong Olympic squad.

After a year at Rangers, he was loaned to Happy Valley. Happy Valley gave him the chance to make his debut, against his parent club, Rangers. Fan gained a lot of first-team experience with Happy Valley, although a hand injury kept him sidelined for two months. After this, he was released by Hong Kong Rangers.

In the two years after Fan's departure from Rangers, he joined Yee Hope and Instant-Dict. In the third year after Fan's joining to the club, he helped the club to win the Hong Kong FA Cup.Unfortunately, it was the last title for the club, as the sponsor left the club, forcing them to disband. On the night of 8 August 2003, Fan became nationally famous. There was an exhibition match against Spanish giants Real Madrid in the Hong Kong National Stadium. In the first half, the home team was down 4–2 due to the poor performance by the China goalkeeper An Qi. Fan came on as a substitute in the second half. He made a string of excellent saves to keep Real Madrid (with World Class players such as Beckham, Zidane, Raul and Ronaldo) at bay in the second half. After this 45-minutes, everyone in Hong Kong started to recognise and notice him.

Club career
On 17 November 2004, China played against Hong Kong in Guangzhou in a World Cup 2006 qualifying match. Fan performed numerous saves, and saved Zheng Zhi's crucial penalty kick. The save ended China's hope of reaching the 2006 tournament on goal difference, with Kuwait finishing above them in the group by virtue of one goal. After the match, the Mainland Chinese press named Fan 'The Bane of China', and Fan received some personal attack and threats; though fans of Hong Kong supported and honoured him as the Hero of Hong Kong, Pride of Hong Kong, etc. This has somewhat ironically led to his popularity in China, and Fan has attracted some Chinese clubs' interest.

In 2005, Chinese Super League team Changsha Ginde were interested in Fan and wanted to sign him from Happy Valley, and he verbally accepted the offer. The transfer was called off however, due to the sudden murder of his brother. Fan had no choice but had to stay in Hong Kong to take care of his family. In the meantime, he has promised that he will not join any team in the future except Changsha Ginde, and indicated that he will join them after the painful transition.

On 1 July 2007, a Reunification Cup was held in Hong Kong to celebrate the re-merging of Hong Kong with China anniversary. A China-Hong Kong XI (Chinese national team including six Hong Kong international players) played a World Star XI. Fan was given the captain's armband by the Chinese national team's head coach. He took part in the first half of the International exhibition match and again impressed highly. His excellence was acknowledged by the fans, who gave him an ovation and chanted his nickname Jyujai (豬仔; "Piggy").

Fan played for Shatin Sports Association in the Hong Kong First Division League. Before joining Shatin Sports Association, he played for Instant-Dict, Yee Hope, Rangers and Happy Valley. This was Fan's second spell with Happy Valley, having joined on loan some years previously. He made his international debut on 19 November 1998 against the Vietnam.

Fan made it into the Hong Kong league's Team of the Season four times consecutively between 2001 and 2005, and has been awarded the 'Hong Kong First Division League Most Popular Player' twice consecutively (2004–06).

International career
In 2005, Fan again impressed in his second appearance in the East Asian Cup, his excellent performances impressing foreign press and football fans alike. Indeed, he was eventually awarded the Best Goalkeeper of the tournament. Fan is now recognized as one of the best goalkeepers in Asia (along with the Japan national Yoshikatsu Kawaguchi and the R.O. Korean national Lee Woon-Jae).

On 6 September 2006, Hong Kong were playing against Uzbekistan in the Asian Cup Qualification Group stages. Fan was the star player for the Hong Kong, he consistently made excellent saves, infuriating the Uzbekistan's forwards, to the extent that one of them spat at him, though the matter was resolved. At last, Fan was noted the man of the match.

Managerial career
On 10 May 2020, it was reported that Fan would return to Pegasus as a goalkeeping coach after working at the club between 2015 and 2018.

Individual

 * Hong Kong Footballer of the Year: 2003–04

International
As of 19 November 2008

Personal life
Fan married when he was 23 and has a son named Fan Ki Chi(Kenji). He and his family now live in Kowloon Bay. He enjoys war game simulations with his teammates and friends during his leisure time. His most admired football players are Netherlands goalkeeper Edwin van der Sar and Italy's number one Gianluigi Buffon.

Fàn is a member of the Fàn family.

Fame beyond football
Fan is sponsored by Nike, with all his sportswear provided by the company. His goalkeeping gloves and boots are sewed with his initials on (C Y FAN).

Fan is also the spokesman for two companies, one for skincare and the other for ointment.

In 2005, Fan was invited to be the host for a Hong Kong TV program about sport.

Fan is now also an amateur football live commentator with IPTV's now TV.

Fan was invited to be a visitor in an Olympic related TV programme on TVB in 2008.

title: Fan Chun Yip


text:
Talk:Michael O'Leary (businessman)

Accountant
Did he qualify as an accountant? If so, with which accountancy body? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.43.207.226 (talk) 13:03, 18 March 2013 (UTC)

Little updates
I updated the fleet size of Ryanair which is now over 100, and added another quote with the citation.

why was this article moved from Michael O'Leary to Michael O'Leary (Ryanair) when there is only on Michael O'Leary? --84.157.176.25 17:12, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

Citations?
I've no doubt that O'Leary's quotations are genuine, but shouldn't we be providing notes or citations to back them up? JXM 20:54, 3 August 2006 (UTC)

Agreed. I've provided one citation for the Gdansk shipyard wall comment and another external link for the rest. Ecozeppelin 07:40, 4 August 2006 (UTC)

20th richest?
A citation is needed for this assertion. Where's this list? Is it a men-only list? Is someone willing to maintain this entry every time a new richest-*men* list comes out? Has a corresponding statement been put into the WP pages for the other 19 *men* on the list? Wouldn't it make much more sense to add a new WP page of the top rich people in Ireland and simply point to that instead?? JXM 02:08, 13 November 2006 (UTC)

Walmart reference is wrong
The phrase "pile it high and sell it cheap" should be related to Tesco and Sir John Cohen. There is even a book on this. http://www.amazon.com/Pile-high-sell-cheap-authorised/dp/0297004581

O'Leary Expressions
O'Leary makes colourful and extravagant use of the English language:

...About stakeholders, rivals and customers

 * "For years flying has been the preserve of rich fuckers. Now everyone can afford to fly."

 * "Screw the travel agents. Take the fuckers out and shoot them.  What have they done for passengers over the years?"

 * On refunds "we don't fall over ourselves if they say my granny fell ill. What part of no-refund do you not understand?  You are not getting a refund so fuck off."

 * On Lufthansa: "Jurgen (Weber Chairman Lufthansa Supervisory Board) says Germans don't like low fares. How the fuck does he know? The Germans will crawl bollock-naked over broken glass to get them."

 * On rivalry with British Airways: "There's too much 'we really admire our competitors'. All bollocks. Everyone wants to kick the shit out of everyone else. We want to beat the crap out of BA. They mean to kick the crap out of us."

 * On the Polish market: "Who wants to go to Gdańsk? There ain't a lot there after you've seen the shipyard wall."

 * Being happy: "They don't call us the fighting Irish for nothing. We have always been the travel innovators of Europe.  We've built the roads and laid the railways.  Now it's the airlines!"

 * On environmentalists "I’m always actually very pleasant, but don’t believe in trotting out all that PC claptrap just not to upset a couple of fucking environmental lunatics. They are just loons."

 * His ultimate goal: "Free tickets. In a decade or so, airlines will pay travellers to distribute people around Europe.  The airline industry is like Tesco, Ikea, or network television where viewers watch for nothing and advertisers pay for access to them.  Web companies earn money when they deliver click traffic to other sites."

 * On the slightly wider Airbus A320 fuselage: "I've heard a lot of horseshit about a wider fuselage. I've yet in 15 years in this industry to meet one passenger who booked his ticket based on that. The seats have been wide enough and the aisles have been wide enough for passengers."

...About British airports' security, post August 10 2006

 * Following aircraft bomb plot: "we're still dealing with farcical Keystone Kops-like security measures which add nothing whatsoever to security; are completely ineffectual in terms of improving or adding to security, and are just serving to block up the airports."

 * More specifically: "let's deal with a couple of the stupid regulations we are dealing with at the moment [..] it means we are now body searching terrorist suspects like 5 and 6 year children travelling with their parents on holidays to Spain; we're targeting terrorist prospects like elderly passengers and people in wheelchairs who are clearly potentially a great threat to the Great British public and British air safety - this is a nonsense."

 * "It feels like Laurel and bloody Hardy are working at the Department of Transport coming up with these security measures."

 * "The terrorists must be rolling around the caves of Pakistan laughing."

Because

 * 1) First and foremost there are too many quotes. A description of his habit of making controversial statements and a few examples would be fine. This is too much - this is not Wikiquote.
 * 2) Biographies of living persons says a bio should be "in a neutral, encyclopedic tone" - the "...headings" make it look like a clipping from a tabloid newspaper.
 * 3) Biographies of living persons says a bio should avoid "both a sympathetic point of view and an advocacy journalism point of view." - if "His ultimate goal: "Free tickets. In a decade or so, airlines will pay travellers to distribute people around Europe.  The airline industry is like Tesco, Ikea, or network television where viewers watch for nothing and advertisers pay for access to them.  Web companies earn money when they deliver click traffic to other sites."" doesn't sound like advocacy what does? Mark83 21:54, 24 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Any chance of a SOURCE for these quotations? 89.213.14.25 16:27, 2 February 2007 (UTC)

 * They are all given. Spanglej (talk) 01:27, 22 April 2010 (UTC)

Page move?
In accordance with naming conventions, the disambigator for multiple people with the same name should be the simplest description of the occupation for which the person is notable. I am therefore of the opinion that this page should be located at Michael O'Leary (businessman), as "Ryanair" is not an occupation, it is a company. Any objections? DWaterson (talk) 19:53, 4 August 2008 (UTC)

removed remark that he funded his studies by working as a barman. As he was able to attend Clongowes I feel that this should be proved. It seems unlikely and is orginla research. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 213.190.151.98 (talk) 16:31, 15 September 2008 (UTC)

Contradict
I've added a contradiction notice to this article because the infobox and text contain different locations for O'Leary's birth. I thought it was Kanturk but I don't know for sure. Stifle (talk) 15:42, 23 March 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
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Ryanair career/ personal life
Under the section Ryanair career, should the line: "He claims he was approached to front the BBC's version of The Apprentice but declined as it was "too much of a distraction".[8]" even be under Ryanair career? Taking part (or not as the case turned out) cannot be construed as a part of his Ryanair career surely? Especially since it's listed again under his personal life section at the end. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Ianmanderson (talk • contribs) 07:25, 9 October 2016 (UTC)

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External links modified
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Disputed birth place
The article no longer contradicts itself (it previously had), but the location of his birth now only supported by a ref from facebook. This Irish Times article indicates he might have been born in Mullingar, Co Weastmeath. Michael O'Leary: A Life in Full Flight ISBN 978-1844880560 directly states "Born on 20 March 1961 in a maternity hospital in Dublin’s Hatch Street, on the site of what became the office of the Euro Changeover Board...". The Irish Examiner says Kanturk. I'm inclined to believe the Dublin story, because he grew up in Mullingar, and went to school at Clongowes Wood College and Trinity College Dublin, while Kanturk is much further away.

If anyone can find a definitive source this article could use it. menaechmi (talk) 20:31, 17 July 2017 (UTC)

I grew up in Cork and went to Trinity. Your point? PS: People from all over Ireland attend Clongowes. Though it has a day-pupil cohort, it's predominantly a boarding school. Mike Galvin (talk) 23:30, 8 September 2018 (UTC)
 * Added Guardian source for being born in Kanturk. Stifle (talk) 10:32, 12 March 2024 (UTC)

Something missing between Early life and Ryanair career?
In the Early life section there's no mention of Ryanair, who founded it, how did he become involved with it, etc. Then in Ryanair career we suddenly fast-forward to him managing Ryanair, even though Ryanair wasn't even mentioned in the text before this point. --2001:2003:54F8:ADDE:A96D:1990:CEAC:536C (talk) 15:35, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

Anti-fan pov
We've made little progress since I tagged the article. The "Controversy" section needs to go, per WP:STRUCTURE. Material from it that isn't WP:NOTNEWS should be incorporated into the article with historical context, if such context isn't already in the article. --Hipal (talk) 21:35, 5 March 2023 (UTC)

I've removed the controversy and reputation section. Hopefully it is better now. 31.52.172.16 (talk) — Preceding undated comment added 21:14, 11 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Michael O'Leary (businessman)