text: Talk:St. Marys River (Indiana and Ohio)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:St. Marys River (Indiana and Ohio)


text:
Talk:Tippecanoe River

broken link
The Tippecanoe River Project under External Links brings a 404 Not Found error at the Nature Conservancy website. It says to visit the chapter's site but there is nothing about this project in the organization's Indiana Chapter pages. Billfalls (talk) 03:35, 13 March 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tippecanoe River


text:
Cargojet

Cargojet Inc. (tsx: CJT) is a scheduled cargo airline based in Mississauga, Ontario, Canada. It operates cargo services in Canada and internationally, as well as full aircraft charters. Its main base is John C. Munro Hamilton International Airport. Cargojet is a public company with over 1,650 employees.

History
In August 2001, Dr. Ajay Virmani formed Canada 3000 Cargo Inc., a joint venture with Canada 3000 Airlines. In 2002, Dr. Virmani acquired 100% of Canada 3000 Cargo Inc. and rebranded the company as Cargojet Canada Ltd. In July 2002 it acquired Winnport Logistics. In 2005, Cargojet became a public company. In May 2019, Cargojet announced a partnership with Canadian rapper Drake, naming him an ambassador of the brand.

Destinations
Cargojet operates a domestic scheduled cargo service to 15 Canadian destinations. Cargojet also operates an international scheduled cargo network which includes routes to several countries and territories, including Bermuda, Cuba, Germany, Japan, Mexico, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America.

Fleet
On 12 January 2021, Cargojet announced its intent to add additional Boeing 767F as well as Boeing 777F aircraft to its fleet. On 15 January 2024, Cargojet subsequently announced it would no longer take delivery of its 4 B777s on order, due to softening cargo demand.

As of January 2024, Cargojet has the following aircraft registered with Transport Canada.

title: Cargojet


text:
Phou Bia

Phou Bia (Lao: ພູເບັ້ຍ, ) is the highest mountain in Laos. It is in the Annamese Cordillera, at the southern limit of the Xiangkhoang Plateau in Xaisomboun Province. Owing to its elevation—2,819 m (9,249 ft), the highest terrestrial point in Laos, the climate is cold and the area around the mountain is mostly cloudy.

History
Although no snow has been reported for decades, it is claimed that as late as the first years of the 20th century, snow fell occasionally on its summit.

On 10 April 1970, an Air America C-130A aircraft crashed into the mountain.

The area is remote, covered with jungle, and has been used by Hmong guerilla soldiers. In the 1970s, c. 60,000 Hmong supporting FAC operations took refuge at the Phou Bia massif. There have been reports of smaller Hmong hideouts in the area as recently as 2006.

Phou Bia rises in a restricted military area near the abandoned Long Chen air base, and for this reason sees few outside visitors. Unexploded ordnance further complicates access. As of July 2008, there had been no known ascent by a non-Lao person for at least 30 years.

In 2021, Xaisomboun Province officials announced the development of Phou Bia Mountain as a "sustainable development tourism site", valued at some US$500 million. The development will center on Phou Houa Xang Village, in Anouvong District, Xaisomboun, under a 99-year concession.

title: Phou Bia


text:
Eric Scott

Eric Scott may refer to:

 * Eric Scott Jr. (born 1998), American football player
 * Eric Scott (actor) (born 1958), American actor
 * Eric Oswald Gale Scott (1899-1986), Australian zoologist
 * Eric R. Scott, Canadian filmmaker
 * Eric Scott (writer) (1910–1971), Australian writer, actor and director

title: Eric Scott


text:
Talk:Wabash River

new picture of Wabash River
I think the Wabash would be better served by a picture in a rural setting. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Leomyhero (talk • contribs) 05:30, 14 December 2005 (UTC)

 * I like the current picture and would welcome additions -- not to "serve" (or promote) but to describe and explain. Please do sign your posts on talk pages! Malepheasant 06:51, 14 December 2005 (UTC)

Historical Wabash
Contrary to Herb Shriner, I left Indiana. It was my home and I loved it, but career choices made it impossible to stay. I never forgot Indiana, nor it's most famous river, the Wabash.

I am now relearning Indiana and places that I fondly remember. The Wabash River is high on my list to visit soon.

For such a large and important river, certainly to Indiana and probably the nation, the Wabash seems to have little written about it. The celabration of the Wabash may be available, but I just haven't found it yet.

Many references can be found alluding to the time the river was used as a highway between the French provinces in the north and Louisiana in the south. There should be many stories...............but I can't find them.

My family goes back to the settlement of Indiana just as Indiana was becoming a state. They were in Clinton County when Clinton County was formed out of Tippicanoe County. They entered the area from Fort Pitt. The logical route to Clinton County would have been the Wabash River.....coming ashore near Lafayette.

The pre-1816 history should be charming. Stories should abound. Where are they? 76.184.191.89 13:12, 19 March 2007 (UTC)

Merging in content from Wabash Valley
I came here because someone had put a "Discuss" tag on the Wabash Valley page re: merging the content from there into this article. Personally, I can understand the reasoning, since the Wabash Valley is one portion of the route of the Wabash River, but I also feel that doing so would squelch any potential expansion upon content about the region. I think there is room to list some of the more notable cities in the Wabash Valley, as well as some of the activities, traditions, and culture that the residents hold as uniquely theirs.--Lonadar (talk) 23:43, 18 April 2008 (UTC)

Ecology? - Expert request
Any coverage of the ecological status of the river, its level of chemical contamination, its wildlife populations and changes in the aforementioned attributes seems to be missing at present. Where do we look for this kind of information? MrZaius talk  05:21, 27 January 2009 (UTC)

Course
The beginning course of the Wabash is sketchy. It's not near Coldwater. The marker I posted is curious because it is on the Mercer/Darke County line on Mercer's side. Then it goes underneath 49 and goes into private farm land in Darke county. I will try and get a picture of the "geographic" beginning if the farmers let me. --Dana60Cummins (talk) 16:27, 13 April 2011 (UTC)

 * Thanks that would be nice to have. The source I used in writing that section says it begins a spring, possibly fed from a nearby lake or stream. —Charles Edward (Talk 16:51, 13 April 2011 (UTC)

 * Sheer speculation by someone who's never been there to look. In the early 19th century, the headwaters were probably some kind of slough or other watershed.  There aren't any natural springs in the area. Today, the drainage is a designed system of ditches, pipes and tiles on private property.  It doesn't become a free flowing natural waterway for hundreds of yards, maybe a mile or more. Sbalfour (talk) 00:43, 27 January 2019 (UTC)

 * My references proposed a variety of places for the headwaters, like south of Grand Lake(??) - that's roughly 12 miles northeast and lower elevation, possibly an oblique way of proposing that Grand Lake is the source of the water. How do they suppose the water gets up there to the Indiana border? The headwaters of a stream are going to be locally high places, usually sloped.  The headwaters of the Wabash aren't actually hard to find, just follow the stream.  Or, drive down Ohio 49 to the Darke County line, and stop at the roadside park. The headwaters are recognizably a stream there.  The stream peters out to the west in a few hundred yards, and follows a drainage ditch (not a natural landform) along a poultry pasture to a culvert, where drainage pipes pour into the ditch. Drainage tiles in the pasture substitute for natural headwaters.  It's hilarious where people who write promotional material think the place is and where the water comes from. I guess they don't want to say it's a ditch with a slurry of poultry dung. Sbalfour (talk) 00:25, 27 January 2019 (UTC)

Serious reference issues
This shared the same reference as most of the page. I deleted it.

''The river begins as a small spring that comes up from the ground among large stones. The exact source of the water is unknown, but naturalists theorize it could be either the nearby Beaver Creek or Grand Lake.''

It's not a spring. It's all farm field run-off. Grand Lake is around 100ft lower than the beginning of the Wabash, so that's ruled out. Beaver Creak isn't anywhere close.

Being that this was referenced and wasn't even close to fact, the rest of this article needs lots of attention where this reference shows up. Help in whatever way you can.--Dana60Cummins (talk) 02:21, 10 December 2011 (UTC)

Tributaries
Both the Little Wabash and the Embarrass rivers are named as the second largest tributary. Which is correct?Dpford1960 (talk) 15:28, 19 January 2015 (UTC)

 * Other sources invariably name the Tippecanoe River as a major tributary, as if it were second. The text says the Little Wabash River is a left-tributary; that's also wrong - it's a right-tributary along with the Tippecanoe and Embarras Rivers. As such, it's the second largest right-tributary behind the Embarras River, which is kind of a hokey way of saying it's the third largest tributary.  But I think we probably don't want to be doing this numbers game in the text, and just say it's another major tributary; it doesn't matter much except to hydrologists what number/size it is. Sbalfour (talk) 01:03, 27 January 2019 (UTC)

Out of Place
This section doesn't seem to make much sense in an article about a river: "For nine years in the 1920s, the Grand Rapids Hotel and resort was situated in Wabash County, Illinois, near the Grand Rapids Dam on the Wabash River. The owner was Frederick Hinde Zimmerman. The hotel drew its clientele from all over the United States." Presumably, there were and are many hotels on or near the Wabash, so what makes this one so special that it is described in an article about the river? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 192.158.48.90 (talk) 12:49, 24 June 2015 (UTC)

 * You're right, I don't get it. Deleted. Sbalfour (talk) 21:18, 26 January 2019 (UTC)

Discharge
The article says the discharge of the Wabash is 35,350 cubic feet per second, but it doesn't say where it is measured. It is best if articles say where the discharge is measured so that people know where the info is coming from. I don't think it is measured at the mouth because the discharge given would make the Wabash smaller than the Cumberland, when in fact, many reliable sources say the Wabash is the second largest tributary of the Ohio after the Tennessee SpidersMilk, Drink Spider Milk, it tastes good. (talk) 16:43, 17 January 2018 (UTC)

 * If a location isn't specified, I would assume it's being asserted as the discharge volume at the river mouth. The sources you cite appear to be referring to drainage basin size (a measure of land area, not water volume): "the 2nd largest tributary in area"; "the second largest Ohio River tributary system". Discharge volume is a different thing entirely. That said, such a figure requires a source citation, and I think it's fine to remove it on that basis, especially if a reliable source for it cannot be found. --TimK MSI (talk) 17:08, 17 January 2018 (UTC)

 * TimK MSI in river studies, how "big" a river is, or the "size", is usually a measure of discharge, when talking about basin size, it is usually specified as such SpidersMilk, Drink Spider Milk, it tastes good. (talk) 18:33, 17 January 2018 (UTC)

 * There are unnamed "river studies" and there are the words in the texts to which you linked: "In area" ≠ "in volume." "Tributary system" ≠ "discharge volume." --TimK MSI (talk) 19:05, 17 January 2018 (UTC)

 * TimK MSI the ref lists the Wabash discharge so I added it to the article.SpidersMilk, Drink Spider Milk, it tastes good. (talk) 19:23, 17 January 2018 (UTC)

Lead description of course
The lead says the Wabash is a "river in the Midwestern United States that flows southwest from near the Indiana border in northwest Ohio, across northern and central Indiana to southern Illinois, where it forms the Illinois-Indiana border". The midwestern United States is a 12-state area. Someone looking for that river somewhere in 12 states could look for a while. It's basically a river in Indiana with headwaters in Ohio. Then you should be able to find it. While geopositionally, the headwaters are in the northwest quadrant of Ohio, in a common sense way they're just about in the middle of the western border. And it actually flows northwest from the Ohio border not southwest. It doesn't flow across central Indiana, it flows across northern Indiana then down or south in western Indiana. We need to put this all together elegantly, and restate the lead.

How about this: The Wabash River is a river in Ohio and Indiana, United States, that flows from the headwaters near the middle of Ohio's western border northwest then southwest across northern Indiana turning south along the Illinois border where the southern portion forms the Indiana-Illinois border before flowing into the Ohio River.

Sbalfour (talk) 19:00, 26 January 2019 (UTC)

Length inconsistency
The lead says it's a 503-mile long river citing USGS, but the USGS flypage on the river says it's 475-miles long. The Indiana Dept. of Natural Resources also says it's 475 miles long. In the text, we say it pours into the Ohio River at mile 491. Sbalfour (talk) 21:34, 26 January 2019 (UTC)

Structure of the article; copyvio?
The current text sections are History, Course, Tributaries (list), Cities & Towns (list), Fauna. About half the article and 90% of the citations (section Course) is a summary of Wabash River Guide Book by Jerry Hay. We plagiarized his layout idea for the section, and it wasn't a particularly good idea. It reads like a popularized hydrologist's report with some touristy information thrown in. If the author read our article, he'd recognize the section as a transcription of his book. We transliterated the text roughly into our own words, but that's not enough. If he would recognize it as his work then so should we. I think that section should go.

I've never written an article on a natural landform like a river, mountain, lake, woods, etc. But here's what I imagine an outline would look like:

 * Geology (most of the current History section) - how the river was formed
 * History - Native American settlements, discovery, Indian battles, canals
 * Geography (an abstraction of the current Course section) - where the river goes, the terrain around it, elevations, etc
 * Hydrology - the tributaries, dams, lakes, reservoirs, rapids, headwaters, mouth, length and discharge volume
 * Ecology - fauna and flora, pollution,
 * Irrigation and drinking water -
 * Recreation - boating, fishing, rafting, swimming, hiking & siteseeing,
 * Transportation - shipping, bridges, canals (formerly)
 * Towns and cities - a narrative, not a list, of why they got to be there
 * Culture - the state song and romance of the river
 * Map and Diagram - showing the river and major tributaries, towns and cities, dams, highways & bridges, reservoirs, and other notable features. The current map is both too detailed with regard to tributaries, and lacks towns, roads, bridges, dams and reservoirs

Sbalfour (talk) 16:02, 27 January 2019 (UTC)

Discovery
The Wabash may have been crossed as early as 1591 by Hernando de Soto on his way to the Mississippi There is no doubt that by the time of Ouiatenon, founded 1717, that the Maumee-St. Mary's-Little River-Wabash-Ohio-Mississippi route from Lake Erie to the gulf of Mexico was a frequented passage. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Sbalfour (talk • contribs) 23:12, 27 January 2019 (UTC)
 * ouabouskigou (Ohio) or ouaboukigou
 * French Jesuit Fathers voyages 1653-1673
 * Lasalle's 1669 expedition in Ohio Country
 * Joliet and Marquette's 1673 voyage
 * LaSalle's 1779 voyage

Dam at New Harmony
The site:"Discover Indiana" mentions a dam at New Harmony on the Wabash River so historically it wasn't always free flowing for 411 miles. I also posted on the New Harmony talk page --  Otr500 (talk) 17:19, 19 September 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Wabash River


text:
Talk:White River (Indiana)

Etymology
Why isn't their a section for the etymology? There needs to be information on why the White River is called "White River". --AveMaria02 (talk) 22:13, 20 February 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:White River (Indiana)


text:
Ak Bars Kazan

Hockey Club Ak Bars (Ак Барс, Ак Барс, Snow Leopard), also known as Ak Bars Kazan, is a Russian professional ice hockey team based in Kazan. They are members of the Kharlamov Division of the Kontinental Hockey League.

History
Founded as Mashstroy Kazan in 1956, the name was later changed to SC Uritskogo Kazan when it entered the Soviet Class B league in 1958. It was promoted to Soviet Class A2, where it gained promotion to the top tier of Soviet hockey. Kazan's performance was respectable, starting the season by winning 6 out of 19 games against the best of the Soviet teams before falling away in the second half of the season and was demoted. Twice they won the USSR League (lower tiers), being named Champion of Russia in 1962 and 1976.

SC Uritskogo Kazan's most successful period occurred in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Following the breakup of the Soviet Union, Uritskogo Kazan became Itil Kazan in 1990 and participated in the IHL. Itil was only mildly successful, narrowly avoiding relegation to the Vysshaya Liga in 1991 and 1992.

It was following the establishment of the Russian Superleague (RSL) in 1996 that the golden age of hockey in Tatarstan began. Renamed Ak Bars Kazan after the traditional symbol of the Tatars, the snow leopard. Benefiting from the resources boom in the Urals, Ak Bars began its history in fine form, finishing first in their respective divisions in 1997 and 1998 along with winning the RSL in 1998.

In the 2004–05 season, Kazan signed 11 National Hockey League players, including Russian superstars Alexei Kovalev and Ilya Kovalchuk and Canadians Vincent Lecavalier and Dany Heatley, in an attempt to celebrate Kazan's 10th anniversary with a championship. They did not succeed, however, as a lack of continuity and chemistry saw them finish in fourth place and were upset in the first round of the playoffs by Lokomotiv Yaroslavl. Since then, Ak Bars Kazan dominated the RSL, winning the league in 2006. In 2007, Kazan paced the league with 35 wins and 214 goals in 54 games before falling at the final hurdle to Metallurg Magnitogorsk.

Ak Bars has been led in recent years by the dominant "ZZM" line of Sergei Zinovjev, Danis Zaripov, and Aleksey Morozov, who have established themselves as one of the most dominant lines in recent history. Combined with veterans such as Vitaly Proshkin and Vladimir Vorobiev, and imports, such as Ray Giroux, Petr Čajánek, and Jukka Hentunen, Kazan has remained one of the top teams in the league. However, they have been at times criticized for lacking consistency and relying too heavily on star players such as Morozov.

Ak Bars Kazan are strong rivals with Lokomotiv Yaroslavl and the neighboring team of Salavat Yulaev Ufa. However, Ak Bars was the strongest rival with Dynamo Moscow in the 1990s.

Champions
Russian Championship (5): 1997–98, 2005–06, 2008-09, 2009–10, 2017–18 Gagarin Cup (3): 2008-09, 2009–10, 2017–18 Opening Cup (3): 2009–10, 2020–21,2023–24 Russian Superleague (2): 1997–98, 2005–06 IIHF European Champions Cup (1): 2007 IIHF Continental Cup (1): 2007–08 Soviet Class A2 (3): 1962, 1985, 1989 (West) Soviet Class B (1): 1976

Runners-up
Russian Championship (5): 1999-00, 2001-02, 2006-07, 2014-15, 2019-20 Gagarin Cup (2): 2014-15, 2022-23 Russian Superleague (3): 1999-00, 2001-02, 2006-07 Russian Championship (1): 2016-17 Gagarin Cup (1): 2016-17 Russian Superleague (1): 2003-04 IIHF Continental Cup (1): 1999-00

Season-by-season KHL record
Note: GP = Games played; W = Wins; L = Losses; OTL = Overtime/shootout losses; Pts = Points; GF = Goals for; GA = Goals against; P = Playoff

Franchise KHL scoring leaders

These are the top-ten point-scorers in franchise history. Figures are updated after each completed KHL regular season.

Note: Pos = Position; GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; P/G = Points per game;  = current Ak Bars player

NHL alumni

 * 🇷🇺 Denis Arkhipov (1995–2000)
 * 🇷🇺 Dmitri Bykov (1999–2002)
 * 🇷🇺 Pavel Datsyuk (2000–2001)
 * 🇷🇺 Fedor Tyutin (2003–2004)
 * 🇷🇺 Aleksey Morozov (2005–2013)
 * 🇷🇺 Alexander Burmistrov (2008–2009, 2013–2015, 2017–2018, 2020–2022)

Head coaches

 * Anatoly Muravyov (1956–1965, 1966–1968)
 * Ismail Milushev (1965–66, 1968–1971)
 * Evgeny Yegorov (1971–1975)
 * Vladimir Andreyev (1975–1978)
 * Vladimir Vasiliev (1978–1982)
 * Oleg Golyamin (1982–1984)
 * Gennady Tsygurov (1984–1987)
 * Vitaly Stain (1987–88)
 * Vsevolod Yelfimov (1988–1991, 1994–95)
 * Yuri Ochnev (1991–92)
 * Vladimir Gusev (1992)
 * Viktor Kuznetsov (1992–94)
 * Yuri Moiseev (1995–1999, 2001–02)
 * Vladimir Krikunov (1999–01)
 * Vladimir Plyushev (2002–03)
 * Vladimír Vůjtek (2003–04)
 * Zinetula Bilyaletdinov (2004–2011)
 * Vladimir Krikunov (2011–2012)
 * Valery Belov (2012–2014)
 * Zinetula Bilyaletdinov (2014–2019)
 * Dmitri Kvartalnov (2019–2022)
 * Oleg Znarok (2022)
 * Yuri Babenko* (2022)
 * Zinetula Bilyaletdinov (2022–present)

Notable alumni

 * Vincent Lecavalier
 * Dany Heatley
 * Brad Richards
 * Robert Esche
 * Ilya Kovalchuk
 * Alexei Kovalev
 * Vyacheslav Kozlov
 * Darius Kasparaitis
 * Nikolai Khabibulin
 * Aleksey Morozov
 * Pavel Datsyuk
 * Niko Kapanen
 * Nik Antropov
 * Ruslan Salei
 * Michael Nylander
 * Jiří Hudler
 * Marcel Hossa
 * Andrei Markov (ice hockey)

title: Ak Bars Kazan


text:
Talk:Indiana Limestone

Images
Two images do not have any copyright tags; Image:EmpireQuarryOld.jpg and Image:SandersQuarry.JPG. I will be removing them until the proper copyright is placed. Please see Media_copyright_questions. Bear21 17:23, 24 October 2006 (UTC)

Three-revert rule
Wikipedia has a 3 revert rule, meaning that you don't edit a page more than 3 times in 24 hours. Please see Three-revert_rule, but keep in mind this does not include self-reverts. To help minimize this please use the "Show Preview" button or go to the Sandbox to test your ideas. Bear21 17:35, 24 October 2006 (UTC)

Spam
The link to superior cut stone maybe spam. Please respond with your comments. Bear21 02:27, 11 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Removed promotional link and the History ref link as it wasn't about the history. Vsmith 02:49, 11 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Fixed History ref link to point to the correct page.Bear21 05:26, 12 July 2007 (UTC)

Caps?
Is the capital "L" necessary in limestone (in the article's title)? -- Another Believer ( Talk ) 04:45, 15 November 2013 (UTC)
 * If it is the "common name" as the article says then no. The geological formation name per the article is Salem Limestone, which should be capitalized - although it isn't. Vsmith (talk) 06:11, 15 November 2013 (UTC)
 * Is anyone familiar enough with the convention here? The article contradicts itself with its usage, even right off the bat. ɱ  (talk) 22:17, 16 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Still an issue. ☆ Bri (talk) 22:06, 10 May 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Indiana Limestone


text:
Talk:Kentland crater

External links modified (January 2018)
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title: Talk:Kentland crater


text:
Cradle of Liberty Council

The Cradle of Liberty Council (#525) is a Boy Scouts of America council created in 1996 with the merger of the former Philadelphia Council (covering the city and county of Philadelphia) and the former Valley Forge Council (covering Delaware and Montgomery counties).

History
The present council is the result of the 1996 merger of Philadelphia and Valley Forge councils. The Philadelphia Council was founded in 1911. In 1913, the Council opened one of the earliest Scout camps in the United States, Treasure Island Scout Reservation, near Point Pleasant, Pennsylvania. Two years later, Dr. E. Urner Goodman and Carrol Edson founded the Order of the Arrow there, inducting the first members on July 16, 1915. The Philadelphia Council opened Camp Hart (later Hart Scout Reservation) in Green Lane, Pennsylvania in 1930.

The Valley Forge Council began operation in the 1910s as Delaware and Montgomery County Council, although the council office was never within the council boundaries in Center City Philadelphia until the 1960s, when it was moved to Valley Forge in Chester County. The council was renamed "Valley Forge Council" in the late 1930s. The council was named for the George Washington's historic winter encampment of 1777–78 at Valley Forge. The council opened Camp Delmont (later called "Delmont Scout Reservation" as of the early 1960s) in 1916 in Green Lane, Pennsylvania. Camp Hart and Camp Delmont were adjacent properties.

In 1955, some 4,600 acres became available in Marshall's Creek. Site of a hunting facility, it was found admirably suited for Scouting purposes and purchased jointly by the "Federation" of Philadelphia and Valley Forge Councils to create Resica Falls Scout Reservation. Joint development and use occurred until 1965, when Valley Forge Council bought out Philadelphia Council's interest and the federation was dissolved. When the two councils merged in 1996 to create Cradle of Liberty Council, Scouts from Philadelphia, Delaware, and Montgomery Counties once again camp together. Since February 22, 1913, Valley Forge Council, and its predecessor had hosted an annual Scouting event, the Valley Forge Pilgrimage and Encampment, which is sponsored by the Cradle of Liberty Council.

During the 1980s and 1990s, a large percentage of Philadelphia's population moved to the suburbs. Accordingly, the two councils' executive boards began the merger process in 1993, which was finalized in 1996.

When councils merge, so do their Order of the Arrow lodges. Philadelphia's OA lodge, Unami One, was founded in 1915 on Treasure Island, and recognized as the first lodge nationally. Valley Forge Council's OA lodge, Delmont Lodge 43, the much larger of the two lodges, was founded in 1929 at Camp Delmont. When the councils merged, Delmont decided to merge with Unami Lodge and retain Unami's name.

Organization

 * Baden-Powell District: Ambler, Blue Bell, Conshohocken, Lafayette Hill, Lower Gwynedd, Oreland, Plymouth Meeting, Upper Dublin and Whitemarsh.
 * Conestoga District: Interboro, Ridley, Southeast Delco, Springfield, Upper Darby and William Penn School Districts in Delaware County, PA.
 * Constellation District: Haverford, Lower Merion, Marple Newtown & Radnor Townships.
 * Continental District: Pottstown, Pottsgrove, Boyertown & Upper Perkiomen school districts (northwest Montgomery County).
 * General Nash District: Souderton and North Penn school districts in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania.
 * Lafayette District: the communities and school districts of Upper Merion, Norristown, Methacton, Perkiomen Valley, and Royersford/Spring City.
 * Minquas District: Chichester, Chester-Upland, Garnet Valley, Penn-Delco, Rose Tree-Media, and Wallingford-Swarthmore School Districts.
 * Northern District: Northwest Philadelphia.
 * Roosevelt District: Northeast Philadelphia from the Delaware River (east) to the northeastern Philadelphia city line (north and west) to Roosevelt Boulevard (south). Roosevelt District was formed by the merger of the former Delaware and Frontier Districts in June 2011.
 * Triune District: South Philadelphia, West Philadelphia, North Philadelphia and Center City Philadelphia.
 * Washington District: Cheltenham, Jenkintown, Abington, Upper Moreland, Lower Moreland, Hatboro-Horsham, and Bryn Athyn school districts.

Council offices
The council headquarters is at the Roger S. Firestone Scout Resource Center, in Wayne, Pennsylvania.

The Bruce Marks Scout Resource Center in Philadelphia was built in 1929 and served as the council headquarters until 2013. The Beaux Arts style building was designed by architect Charles Klauder. At the time city fathers invited the Scouts to move their offices to the Benjamin Franklin Parkway. The building was built and paid for by the Scouts, and turned over to the city with the understanding that the Scouts would be allowed to remain in it rent-free "in perpetuity." The building is located at 22nd and Winter Streets. The first copy of the R. Tait McKenzie sculpture The Ideal Scout stood outside the building.

Headquarters controversy
The City of Philadelphia tried to evict the council from their city-owned service center building on the Benjamin Franklin Parkway. The Historic Landmark building laden with Scouting symbols was built and paid for by the Scouts on city land at the city's request in 1929 and the cost of maintenance and renovation has been borne by the Boy Scout council ever since.

This resulted in the Cradle of Liberty Council, Inc., Boy Scouts of America, v. City of Philadelphia also known as Cradle of Liberty Council v. City of Philadelphia, [2:08-cv-02429RB] which was  a U.S. Court case involving the Cradle of Liberty Council versus the City of Philadelphia. The case was filed on May 23, 2008, in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. Judge Ronald L. Buckwalter presided over the case. The Boy Scouts were represented by Drinker Biddle. The case ended with the court ruling in favor of the Boy Scouts of America that the City of Philadelphia illegally attempted to abrogate the council's federally protected civil rights. Under federal Civil Rights Law, the Cradle of Liberty Council is also entitled to collect its legal costs (estimated at one million dollars) from the city's unlawful action. While the Boy Scouts offered to then settle the dispute by having the City pay half of the legal fees in return for title to the building and the city accepted, the city council reneged. On March 2, 2012, the Federal judge formally ordered the city pay all of the Boy Scouts legal fees and denied the motion for an appeal. The Boy Scouts may also continue reside in the building rent free as they have done since they had paid for construction of the building in 1929.

Camps
Cradle of Liberty Council operates two camps: the Musser Scout Reservation and the Resica Falls Scout Reservation. The former was formed from the merger of Delmont Scout Reservation and Hart Scout Reservation, which are located near Green Lane, Pennsylvania. Hart and Delmont had been operated by the Philadelphia and Valley Forge councils, respectively, before their merger. Their consolidation under the name Musser Scout Reservation was a tribute to Pete Musser and the Musser family, longtime Scouting supporters.

Resica Falls is composed of Camp Firestone and Camp Big Springs, north of East Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania on the edge of the Pocono Mountains, near the controversial Tocks Island Dam project of the 1960s, now the present-day Delaware Water Gap National Recreational Area. Big Springs is still an active summer camp, but the declining attendance and enrollment of Firestone's summer program has caused its closure.

Until recently, the council also operated Treasure Island Scout Reservation, sometimes called TI. The camp was damaged by Delaware River flooding in 2005 and again in 2006, forcing its closure for the 2005 and 2006 summer camp seasons. In September 2008, the Council Executive Board ratified the recommendation of the Camping Committee and the executive committee to close Treasure Island effective October 1, 2008.

Other facilities
The council no longer owns any properties in or near Philadelphia. In 1929, Henry W. Breyer, Jr., purchased the abandoned Lindenhurst property once owned by John Wanamaker in Cheltenham on York Road, below Washington Lane. Breyer donated the former Wanamaker land to the Boy Scouts of America for use as a wildlife preserve. The camp was accessible from the city by train to the Jenkintown station. Camp Henry W. Breyer (40.0853°N, -75.1311°W) was sold by the Philadelphia Council in 1990 and is now the site of the Pennsylvania College of Optometry.

At one time, the Philadelphia Council was also given a tract near the Roxborough Reservoir at Port Royal Avenue and Eva Street (40.0556°N, -75.2438°W). and was called the "Boy Scout Tract." This land was eventually sold and is now part of the Schuylkill Center for Environmental Education. Also, the Philadelphia council also owned Camp Biddle on the Darby Creek (Pennsylvania) in Marple Township. (39.9967°N, -75.355°W). The camp was named after Anthony J. Drexel Biddle.

The Dale Sea Scout Base was in Eddington, Bensalem Township, Pennsylvania on the Delaware River. The property was purchased from Major Charles Smith, a Philadelphia banker, and was established as Sea Scout Headquarters in 1935. It was named in honor of Commodore Edward C. Dale, who helped organize the area Sea Scouts.

Unami Lodge, One
The Cradle of Liberty's Order of the Arrow Lodge, Unami Lodge, One, was where the OA began at Treasure Island Scout Reservation in 1915, and in 2015 will celebrate its 100th anniversary.

Alumni

 * Tommy Lasorda

title: Cradle of Liberty Council


text:
Talk:Drava

Proper English toponym?
What's the authority for Drave being the proper English toponym as User:XJamRastafire described it in his edit of May 30 2003? I note that the English-language link to MSN Encarta refers to the river as the Drava. Valiantis 20:29, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Further to the above, a selection of English-language websites from Google which use the term Drava. I've tried to note sites that refer to the Drava in regard to more than one of the countries it flows through as these should give the best indication of the current English usage: -

 * Drava River Basin
 * Encyclopedia Britannica article
 * Danube Watch

 * There are far fewer references to Drave and these are primarily in webpages culled from Wikipedia itself and in Encyclopedia.com (Columbia Encyclopedia) and Encarta as well as other websites culled from these. Both the latter give Drave as an alternative secondary form.

 * Answers.com also refers to Drave as an alternative form of Drava but states the pronunciation of both is drä'və (i.e. drah-va). This strongly suggests that Drave is as much a non-English form as Drava. Valiantis 21:01, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

 * In the absence of any comments I'm planning to move the article to Drava on the following bases:-
 * Drava is far more commonly used in English-language texts than Drave.
 * Drava and Drave both appear to have a pronunciation of (rhymes with lava). The spelling Drava more closely reflects this pronunciation to an anglophone reader than Drave, which might be taken to be pronounced   (rhymes with save).
 * Objections? Valiantis 15:47, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

 * No objections made.

 * I've done some more googling and note that Drave is used primarily in older sources - notably Edward Gibbon's Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica and the Catholic Encyclopedia. More modern sources, as already mentioned, prefer Drava. The older sources also refer to the Sava as the Save, though Wikipedia lists this only as an alternative name. There has certainly been a trend in recent decades to use indigenous names rather than anglicised names (if indeed Drave is anglicised - see above) - one seldom hears reference nowadays to Brunswick (Braunschweig) or Leghorn (Livorno) (except where Canadian provinces and chickens respectively are concerned). It seems that Drave has fallen to this trend and I am therefore moving the page to Drava with an opening sentence: -

 * The Drava or Drave is [...] a river (etc.). Valiantis 18:37, 9 September 2005 (UTC)

The Drava or Drau in German was called Duras in roman times as cited in Strabo Geographica. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 89.204.137.1 (talk) 16:47, 15 November 2010 (UTC)

"In the ancient times the river was called Dravus. The name is most likely Celtic or pre-Celtic in origin (see Old European hydronymy). "

This sentence is pure speculation and nonsense. There is NO OTHER NEURO LINGUAL CONTAINER FOR WORD "DRAVA", "DRVETI", "DRAVATI", "DVARA" than in Slovene (Veneti) or Sanskrit. It means "to run" (fast).

Slovene territory, including other Austria, Germany, Scandinavia, Russia,India,etc were part of Bharat (also read MAHA-BHARATA) territory (still in cca 5000 BC). Slavic language is most closest to Sanskrit, simply because the ancient Rishis spoko ALSO Slavic and Sanskrit. The same is with Slavic gods: example; Sanskrit god "VARUNA" is Slavic "SVARUN" or Svarog in Svarga (our milky way or Swastika; in Sanskrit and Slavic (old Vendic) languages means the SAME) Second biggest river in Slovenia is Sava. Romans named it "Savus" - they added "us". When originally represented the Shiva's (Zhiva's) realm of "Slava" (glorious). Sava, Saba, Slava. Shivait Slavic temple was in Bled (on the island), before Roman catholic (Osirian cult) invadors destroyed it in times of Karantania. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 178.58.202.56 (talk) 10:25, 21 January 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Drava


text:
Talk:Limberlost Swamp

Editing
Added headers to provide more distinction to different periods, and works set in the swamp. Expanded the Lead to include late 20th-century restoration of Loblolly Marsh.Parkwells (talk) 00:00, 28 December 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Limberlost Swamp


text:
Cade McNown

Cade Brem McNown (born January 12, 1977) is an American former football quarterback who played in the National Football League (NFL) for four seasons. He played college football for the UCLA Bruins, winning the Johnny Unitas Award as a senior. McNown was selected by the Chicago Bears in the first round of the 1999 NFL Draft with the 12th overall pick. However, his Bears tenure would only last two seasons due to injuries and inconsistent play. McNown spent his final two seasons as a backup for the Miami Dolphins and San Francisco 49ers. He was inducted to the College Football Hall of Fame in 2020.

Early life
McNown was born in Portland, Oregon. He went to high school at San Benito High School in Hollister, California, before transferring as a senior to West Linn High School in West Linn, Oregon, where he played quarterback and free safety.

He led his high school to the 1994 Oregon Class 4A semifinals, becoming wildly touted by newspapers as a college prospect. He also was active on the school track team, where he set a school pole vault record. McNown signed with UCLA after high school. His selection of UCLA was influenced by future NFL quarterback Brock Huard signing with Washington. Huard, along with McNown, were the top high school quarterback prospects in the western United States in 1994.

College career
McNown attended the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) and played for the Bruins from 1995 to 1998. He became the starting quarterback as a true freshman, four games into the season, ranking first among all freshmen quarterbacks in many statistics. In 1995, UCLA finished 7–5 and played in the Aloha Bowl (losing to Kansas).

McNown was less successful as a sophomore in 1996, when UCLA went 5–6 and he was ranked 9th in the Pac-10 in pass efficiency. The season ended on a high note as UCLA overcame a 17-point fourth quarter deficit to beat rival USC in overtime, 48–41.

As a junior in 1997, McNown announced the team's goal to score an average of 30 points per game. They ended up averaging 39.75 points per game. After an 0–2 start, UCLA won its remaining 10 games, including the 1998 Cotton Bowl Classic over Texas A&M, to finish Pac-10 co-champion and ranked No. 5 in the nation. McNown was named Most Outstanding Offensive Player for that year's Cotton Bowl Classic. He also was a finalist for the Davey O'Brien Award, was named an All-American by the Associated Press (third-team), The Sporting News (third-team), made the All-Pac-10 team (second-team) behind Washington State's Ryan Leaf, and finished eighth in the Heisman balloting. He led the nation in passing efficiency with a 168.6 rating. His play broke many UCLA records, most of which had been previously set by Tom Ramsey.

In his senior season in 1998, McNown led UCLA to a 10–2 record, including a Rose Bowl appearance as the sole Pac-10 champion. With McNown at the helm, the Bruins' explosive offense carried them on a school-record 20-game winning streak from the previous year, as they won their first 10 games in 1998, before losing to Miami Hurricanes in their regular season finale in a loss that broke the 20-game winning streak and knocked UCLA out of the BCS Championship Game vs. Tennessee. The disappointed Bruins then lost to Ron Dayne-led Wisconsin in the Rose Bowl, 38–31. McNown set numerous school records in passing and offense, became the Pac-10's all-time career leader in total offense, and won a collection of post-season honors, including Pac-10 co-Offensive Player of the Year, the Pop Warner Memorial Trophy for best senior player on the West Coast, consensus first-team All-American honors and the Johnny Unitas Award as the top senior quarterback in college football. McNown also finished third in balloting for the Heisman Trophy. In the 1999 Senior Bowl, McNown earned MVP honors as he threw two touchdowns in helping to lead the South team to victory.

For his career, McNown still holds many of the passing and total-offense records. McNown also holds the distinction of being the only UCLA quarterback to go 4–0 against cross-town rival USC. On October 9, 2009, McNown was inducted into the UCLA Athletics Hall of Fame. McNown was inducted into the Rose Bowl Hall of Fame on December 30, 2017. He was later inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 2020.

Chicago Bears
Following the scouting combine, some scouts questioned the strength of his throwing arm. McNown, along with Akili Smith, Daunte Culpepper, and Donovan McNabb, appeared on the cover of ESPN The Magazine in the issue highlighting the draft. He was selected by the Chicago Bears with the twelfth overall pick in the first round of the 1999 NFL Draft, following a draft pick trade with the Washington Redskins. He was the highest-drafted Bears quarterback since Jim McMahon.

In the months preceding draft day, the Bears had declared that Erik Kramer would be the starting quarterback, but waived him prior to signing McNown, who they named as the upcoming season's starter. He was a contract holdout most of training camp, eventually agreeing to a $22 million contract. Head coach Dick Jauron announced that Shane Matthews would be the starter, but that McNown would play at least one series every game to gain experience.

McNown started his first game for the Bears on October 10 following a hamstring injury to Matthews the previous week. During the game on December 26, following a poor performance against the Rams, McNown chose to sit out the second half of the game. He was replaced as starter by Jim Miller, and was again named the starter following Miller's suspension. On December 19, against Detroit, he set franchise rookie records with 27 completions, 301 yards and 4 touchdowns; he also holds the rookie record for pass attempts, with 42 in the season finale loss to Tampa Bay.

He was named the Bears' 2000 starter over Matthews (Miller was injured during the pre-season), but his performance grew noticeably worse through the season; the Bears under McNown fell to 1–6, leading the home crowd to regularly chant for Miller's return. He suffered a shoulder injury during the seventh game of the season (against Philadelphia), was briefly replaced by Miller, who also suffered an injury and was replaced by Matthews. McNown started (and lost) one more game that season, against San Francisco. Although he was benched for the final game of the season at the Detroit Lions, he came in after Matthews was injured again and helped lead the Bears to an upset win that eliminated the Lions from what appeared to be a sure playoff berth.

He lasted 2 seasons with the Bears. Based on his performance, McNown is considered to be one of the worst picks of the NFL drafts. He ended up with 3-12 record as a starter. In many occasions, fans booed him and he once suggested that a receiver he had overthrown was probably too tired to catch up to the ball. Some NFL players have stated in the past that one of McNown's significant issues was his tendency to boast about his $6.1 million signing bonus in front of veteran players who were earning the league's minimum salary. His generally cocky attitude played a part in his trade to the Miami Dolphins.

Miami Dolphins
McNown was traded during the 2001 preseason to the Miami Dolphins, due to his attitude, along with a seventh-round pick, for a sixth-round pick, and a conditional 2003 seventh-round pick. In Chicago, he had fallen down the depth chart, below Miller and Matthews, competing against Danny Wuerffel for the third-string position. He was named the third-string quarterback for the Dolphins, and saw no action during the season.

San Francisco 49ers
The Dolphins traded McNown to the San Francisco 49ers for a conditional seventh-round draft pick during the 2002 offseason. By then, Terry Donahue, former head coach at UCLA, was the general manager. Interest was briefly raised in McNown, as the 49ers were searching for a quarterback for the West Coast offense. Although he was initially competing against Tim Rattay, Giovanni Carmazzi, and Brandon Doman for the backup spot behind starter Jeff Garcia, McNown reinjured his shoulder during the preseason. When it was revealed he required season-ending surgery, he was placed on injured reserve. McNown was released by the 49ers during the 2003 offseason. His rights were shortly thereafter acquired by the Calgary Stampeders, although he was never signed.

Personal life
McNown was charged in September 1999 with the illegal possession of a disabled parking pass while playing football at UCLA in 1996, to which he pleaded no contest. Other players charged included Skip Hicks, Larry Atkins, Marques Anderson, and Brendon Ayanbadejo.

In 2000, it was reported that McNown had been dating 1999 Playboy Playmate of the Year Heather Kozar, and future (2001) Playmate of the Year Brande Roderick.

McNown is married to Christina Brascia, daughter of actor and dancer John Brascia and actress and model Sondra Scott. As of June 2016, he and Christina have four children.

McNown later worked for UBS in the private wealth group before joining JPMorgan Chase Private Bank. In 2013, McNown joined capital management firm Lourd Murray as a vice president. In 2016, McNown joined Kayne Anderson as a senior managing director. In June 2022, McNown joined The Carlyle Group as a Managing Director and Client Relationship Manager.

On October 22, 2021, Tunnel 8 at the Rose Bowl was named in Cade McNown's honor.

title: Cade McNown


text:
Michael Sarrazin

Michael Sarrazin (May 22, 1940 – April 17, 2011) was a Canadian actor. His most notable film was They Shoot Horses, Don't They?.

Early life
Sarrazin was born Jacques Michel André Sarrazin in Quebec City, Quebec, and moved to Montreal as a child. After acting in school plays, he landed his first professional role at age 17.

Career
Sarrazin worked on television productions in Toronto such as Festival and Wojeck. He then gained a contract with MCA Universal. His early appearances include episodes of The Virginian (1965) and Bob Hope Presents the Chrysler Theatre as well as the TV film The Doomsday Flight (1966) and the feature Gunfight in Abilene (1967).

20th Century Fox borrowed him for the lead role in The Flim-Flam Man (1967), co-starring George C. Scott and Sue Lyon. Universal then cast him with Anthony Franciosa in A Man Called Gannon (1968) and with James Caan in Journey to Shiloh (1968). Fox asked him back to star in The Sweet Ride (1968) alongside Jacqueline Bisset, who became his real-life girlfriend for the next several years.

Sarrazin appeared in some thrillers for Universal such as Eye of the Cat (1969) with Gayle Hunnicutt and Eleanor Parker and In Search of Gregory (1969) with Julie Christie and John Hurt. He was originally cast to play Joe Buck in Midnight Cowboy (1969), but he was unable to gain release from a prior contract and the part went to Jon Voight. He was announced for the male lead in Cover Me Babe, but was replaced by Robert Forster.

Sarrazin's breakthrough role was in the dark Great Depression drama They Shoot Horses, Don't They? (1969). The Sydney Pollack film earned nine Oscar nominations. Sarrazin starred alongside Jane Fonda, Susannah York, Gig Young, Red Buttons, Bonnie Bedelia and Bruce Dern.

He starred in the youth dramas The Pursuit of Happiness (1971) with Barbara Hershey and Believe in Me (1971) with Bisset. He supported Henry Fonda and Paul Newman in Sometimes a Great Notion (1970), then did The Groundstar Conspiracy (1972) at Universal.

Sarrazin supported James Coburn in Harry in Your Pocket (1973) and received excellent reviews for the television film Frankenstein: The True Story (1973). He appeared as Barbra Streisand's husband in the screwball comedy For Pete's Sake (1974). He then starred with Margot Kidder and Jennifer O'Neill in The Reincarnation of Peter Proud (1975), about a man doomed to die the same kind of death twice.

Sarrazin went to Europe to star opposite Ursula Andress in the sex comedy The Loves and Times of Scaramouche (1976). He starred in The Gumball Rally (1976), then had lead roles in the Iran-shot film Caravans (1978), the Canadian mystery thriller Double Negative (1980), and the vigilante crime drama Fighting Back (1982). He hosted the April 15, 1978 episode of Saturday Night Live.

Sarrazin increasingly shifted to television work. He starred in Beulah Land (1980) and The Seduction (1982) and had a support part in Fighting Back (1982). He also appeared in Joshua Then and Now (1985), the Star Trek: Deep Space Nine episode "The Quickening" (1996) and The Outer Limits episodes "I Hear You Calling" (1996) and "The Other Side" (1999).

Personal life
For seven years (1967–1974), Sarrazin was in a relationship with actress Jacqueline Bisset, whom he met while making The Sweet Ride (1968). Before that, he had two children by an unknown girlfriend.

Death
Sarrazin died of mesothelioma on April 17, 2011, aged 70, in his hometown of Montreal. According to a family spokesman, his daughters Catherine and Michele were at his side when he died.

Filmography

 * You're No Good (1965, NFB Film) — Eddie (German Version: Freddy)
 * The Doomsday Flight (1966) — Army corporal
 * Gunfight in Abilene (1967) — Cord Decker
 * The Flim-Flam Man (1967) — Curley
 * A Man Called Gannon (1968) — Jess Washburn
 * Journey to Shiloh (1968) — Miller Nalls
 * The Sweet Ride (1968) — Denny McGuire
 * Eye of the Cat (1969) — Wylie
 * In Search of Gregory (1969) — Gregory Mulvey
 * They Shoot Horses, Don't They? (1969) — Robert
 * Sometimes a Great Notion (1971) — Leeland Stamper
 * The Pursuit of Happiness (1971) — William Popper
 * Believe in Me (1971) — Remy
 * The Life and Times of Judge Roy Bean (1972)
 * The Groundstar Conspiracy (1972) — John David Welles / Peter Bellamy
 * Harry in Your Pocket (1973) — Ray Haulihan
 * Frankenstein: The True Story (1973, television film) — The Creature
 * For Pete's Sake (1974) — Pete Robbins
 * The Reincarnation of Peter Proud (1975) — Peter Proud
 * The Loves and Times of Scaramouche (1976) — Scaramouche
 * The Gumball Rally (1976) — Michael Bannon — Cobra Team
 * Caravans (1978) — Mark Miller
 * Deadly Companion (1980) — Michael Taylor
 * Beulah Land (1980, TV mini-series) — Casey Troy
 * The Seduction (1982) — Brandon
 * Fighting Back (1982) — Vince Morelli
 *  (1983) — Szilveszter Matuska
 * Joshua Then and Now (1985) — Kevin Hornby
 * Murder, She Wrote (1985, TV series, "Joshua Peabody Died Here ... Possibly") — David Marsh
 * Keeping Track (1986) — Daniel Hawkins
 * Mascara (1987) — Bert Sanders
 * Captive Hearts (1987) — Sergeant McManus
 * Malarek (1988) — Moorcraft
 * Passion and Paradise (1989) — Mike Vincent
 * The Ray Bradbury Theater (1989, TV series, "The Wind") — John Colt
 * Murder, She Wrote (1991, TV series, "Murder Plain and Simple") — Jacob Beiler
 * The Ray Bradbury Theater (1992, TV series, "Tomorrow's Child" Season 6 Episode 11) — Peter Horne
 * La Florida (1993) — Romeo Laflamme
 * Bullet to Beijing (1995) — Craig
 * Midnight in Saint Petersburg (1995) — Craig
 * Star Trek: Deep Space Nine (1996, TV series, "The Quickening") — Trevean
 * The Peacekeeper (1997) — Lt. Colonel Douglas Murphy
 * Crackerjack 2 (1997) — Smith
 * Earthquake in New York (1998) — Dr. Robert Trask
 * The Second Arrival (1998) — Prof. Nelson Zarcoff
 * Nero Wolfe (2002, TV series, "Too Many Clients") — Thomas Yeager
 * FeardotCom (2002) — Frank Bryant
 * The Christmas Choir (2008; TV movie) — Irish Catholic Priest
 * On the Road (2012) — Irish Catholic Priest

title: Michael Sarrazin


text:
User talk:Cromag

Subpages and archives:
 * Archive 1
 * Fair use and image issues

WikiProject:Adventure games
Hey, good to have you on board. I changed the wiki name as you suggested. I've been working extensively on List of Sierra Entertainment video games, good call moving it all there in the first place! Really need to do major work on that Sierra On-Line topic but damn me if others keep coming along that I think I need to work on first.Klytos 00:49, 5 June 2007 (UTC)
 * I plan to be a broad adventure game project, but looking at the Sierra games alone I've seen more than enough work. I have just been tagging Sierra's lately, but everything is fair game (Kryandra, LucasArts, the Accolade games etc.) —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Klytos (talk • contribs).

MobyGames
Cromag,

I have seen several reasonable comments you have made about MobyGames. There is a problem though: there are now more than 6000 links to MobyGames articles most of which have been put in by a small number of editors, some of whom are clearly linked to the site and the majority of which seem to be inappropriate... see Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Spam. You are clearly a sensible kind of person: so what can we do about this? We don't want to blanket remove or blanket include... can we get a work party together to review them? You have already stated your rules on Mathsgeeks pages and they seem ok to me: how can we get them used in practice? --BozMo talk 10:03, 8 June 2007 (UTC)

casi belli
I've been thinking for a while that "casus belli" must be wrong in the plural, but couldn't find anything on it. I hope your edit is right, it sounds about right anyhow :) Gatoclass 00:15, 17 June 2007 (UTC)

No fair use rational on Image:DavidBallThinkinProblem.jpg
Hello, this is a message from an automated bot. A tag has been placed on Image:DavidBallThinkinProblem.jpg, by another Wikipedia user, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. The tag claims that it should be speedily deleted because Image:DavidBallThinkinProblem.jpg is an unfree image with no fair use rationale uploaded after May 4, 2006 which has been tagged as not having a rationale for more than 7 days (CSD I6). To contest the tagging and request that administrators wait before possibly deleting Image:DavidBallThinkinProblem.jpg, please affix the template to the page, and put a note on its talk page. If the article has already been deleted, see the advice and instructions at WP:WMD. Feel free to contact the bot operator if you have any questions about this or any problems with this bot, bearing in mind that this bot is only informing you of the nomination for speedy deletion; it does not perform any nominations or deletions itself. --Android Mouse Bot 2 21:42, 27 July 2007 (UTC)

David Ball
You can't use album covers to illustrate an artist. Ten Pound Hammer • (Broken clamshells•Otter chirps•Review?) 03:52, 13 August 2007 (UTC)

Fair use disputed for Image:DavidBallThinkinProblem.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:DavidBallThinkinProblem.jpg. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read the instructions at Non-free content carefully, then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies for fair use. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our Criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Papa November 11:58, 13 August 2007 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (Image:DavidBallThinkinProblem.jpg)
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Oops. I put my message to you in the wrong spot...
I thought I was leaving a message HERE, but it's in User_talk:Cromag/Planned. Could you please reply on my talk page after reading it. Thanks. Ebonyskye 12:19, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:JohnnyCashHelloImJC.jpg
Thanks for uploading or contributing to Image:JohnnyCashHelloImJC.jpg. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is not a suitable explanation or rationale as to why each specific use in Wikipedia constitutes fair use. Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale.

If you have uploaded other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on those pages too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free media lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. —Angr/talk 15:54, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

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Recordings in progress removed
I have removed your spoken article in progress status for History of Poland (1945–1989) due to it's inactivity, and others may want to give it a go. If you wish to continue work on this project, please re-submit. Thank you. Reason turns rancid (talk) 03:06, 14 January 2008 (UTC)

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Discussion on linking to streamed copies of albums
Wikipedia policy allows us to link to legal streamed copies of albums. It would be useful to draw up a guideline on how and when to link to such albums; however, there is concern that it may not be appropriate as the music would not be available in all parts of the world. Is the benefit of having access to the music for most users outweighed by the fact that some users will follow a link to find the music is not playable in their region? Your view would be helpful at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Albums.  SilkTork   ✔Tea time  02:04, 16 December 2011 (UTC)

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An editor has asked for a discussion to address the redirect ADVENTURE. Since you had some involvement with the Wikipedia:ADVENTURE redirect, you might want to participate in the redirect discussion if you have not already done so. TheChampionMan1234 09:11, 11 May 2014 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:09, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:33, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Cromag


text:
Wikipedia talk:Articles for deletion/Ken Anderson (Canoli Dynamite)

How Could you? I've seen the Canoli dance at O'Gara's in St. Paul. Its legit. You should get some real footage of him on here!


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Isotopes of lithium

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was No Consensus. R e  dwolf24  (talk) 02:50, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

Isotopes of lithium
nothing here that couldn't be in Lithium Ben-w 20:33, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect, which doesn't require a VfD. Be Bold. --fvw *  20:37, August 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect. JYolkowski // talk 01:59, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Been expanded with isotope-specific data that would be too much for the main article, keep. Femto 11:29, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * keep. Not that I created it, but Femto created an excellent article on the isotopes. Enzo Aquarius 16:23, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep worthy of separate article. Fg2 05:25, August 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Chavusy

Chavusy or Chausy (Чавусы; Чаусы; Czausy) is a town in Mogilev Region, Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Chavusy District. In 2009, its population was 10,692. As of 2024, it has a population of 9,817.

Jewish history
It once was a substantial Jewish shtetl, which dated from the 17th century, as appears from a charter granted to the Jews January 11, 1667, by Michał Kazimierz Pac, castellan of Wilno, and confirmed by King Augustus III of Poland. March 9, 1739.

In 1780, at the time of a visit of Catherine II, there was a Jewish population of 355, in 1,057; and the town possessed one synagogue. In 1803 the Jewish population was 453, in 1,185; in 1870 it was 2,433, in  4,167; and in 1897, 2,775, in  about 6,000. Some of the Jewish artisans were employed in the tanneries and in silk and woolen factories. The Jewish population in the district of Chaussy (including the town) in 1897 was 7,444, or 8.42 per cent of the total population.

Chaussy was occupied during World War II by the Germans beginning in July 1941. Though a portion of the Jewish population was able to escape before the Germans arrived, the remaining Jews were registered, marked and subjected to forced labor under the German occupation. The first two round-ups of Jews occurred in August 1941, in which approximately 50 Jews were killed. Overall, approximately 675 Jews were executed in Chaussy. In 1952-53, thanks to funds collected from the relatives of victims, the remains of the victims were reburied at the Jewish cemetery. A total of 127 bags of remains were reburied, and the first memorial was erected in 1958, which was later replaced by a second one.

Notable residents

 * Ekaterina Ivanchikova (born 1987), singer

title: Chavusy


text:
Ernst Cramer (architect)

Ernst (Friedrich) Cramer (December 7, 1898 (Zürich/ Switzerland) – September 7, 1980) (Rüschlikon/ Switzerland) was a Swiss landscape architect and one of the most renowned European garden architects after 1945, who had a strong influence on present-day landscape architecture in Europe.

Biography
Ernst Cramer learned the profession of a gardener at a renowned firm in Zürich, where he was instructed by the landscape architect Gustav Ammann, a close friend of Richard Neutra and one of the most important Swiss garden architects at the time. When Cramer started his own business in 1929, he mostly designed private gardens for wealthy clients and perfected a romantic, rather picturesque style. He was especially interested in the rustic gardens that were built in the southern part of Switzerland in the canton of Ticino.

Cramer was a member of the Zürich section of the Werkbund, headed by the Bauhaus member Johannes Itten and the Swiss sculptor Max Bill, and became more and more interested in a modern method of garden design. About 1950 Cramer dramatically changed his style and started designing modern architectural gardens. His friendship and cooperation with many modern Swiss artists and his strong interest in modern architecture reinforced his will to find a new language in garden architecture. In particular, the temporary exhibition projects of Cramer are among the most remarkable creations of modern garden architecture in Europe. Most impressive were his contributions to national and international garden exhibitions, for example, the first national garden show in Zürich G|59 (1959) and the IGA international garden exhibition in Hamburg (1963). The abstract basic conception of his gardens, the renunciation of superfluous decoration, and the use of concrete and geometrically shaped elements caused considerable irritation among his professional colleagues and added to his international reputation.

Cramer's Garten des Poeten (Poet's Garden), built 1959 for the G59 - 1st Swiss Horticulture Exhibition shown in Zürich, was portrayed by Elizabeth B. Kassler in her classic book Modern Gardens and the Landscape, (MOMA 1964). This garden was probably the most important work in Cramer's professional career. At the age of 61 the garden architect had been asked to design a poet's garden for the first national garden show in Switzerland. He worked with minimal means and maximum abstraction instead of imitating nature. Kassler described the design: ”Triangular earth mounds and a stepped cone were precisely edged, grass-sheathed, and doubled by a still pool. The garden was not so much a garden as a sculpture to walk through, abstract earth shapes independent of place, with sharp arises foreign to the nature of their material.” Just a few years later a new radical form of art called Land Art or Earthworks came on the U.S. art scene, creating impressive, almost archaic geometrical earth sculptures, which are among the most important sources of inspiration for present-day landscape architects.

Many other remarkable projects by Ernst Cramer built in close cooperation with some of the most important Swiss modern architects and two gardens designed for houses by Richard Neutra do still exist. Among Cramer's clients were some of the most influential Swiss families, as well as companies such as Roche Chemicals and Ciba Chemical Industries. With his remarkable life's work Cramer not only prepared the ground for an intensive discussion about the contemporary influence of minimalist art and Land Art on landscape architecture. With his courageous gardens he also helped shape the profile of modern Swiss landscape architecture and strongly influenced the work of young successors such as Willi Neukom, Fred Eicher, and Dieter Kienast from Switzerland.

Selected commissions

 * 1933 Garden Vogel-Sulzer (rustic garden style), Itschnach, Zürich canton, Switzerland
 * 1945-1948 Garden Göhner (rustic garden style), Morcote, Ticino canton, Switzerland
 * 1955-1959 School Bernarda, Menzingen, Zug, Switzerland
 * 1957 Gardens for the International Building Exhibition "Interbau", Berlin, Germany
 * 1959 Garten des Poeten (Poet's Garden), garden exhibition G|59, Zürich, Switzerland
 * 1963 Theatergarten (Theater Garden), International Garden Exhibition IGA, Hamburg, Germany
 * 1964-1966 Public place, Sulzer office building, Winterthur, Zürich canton, Switzerland
 * 1965 Garden for the Casa Ebelin Bucerius (with architect Richard Neutra), Brione, Ticino canton, Switzerland
 * 1965 Garden for Haus Rentsch (with architect Richard Neutra), Wengen, Bern canton, Switzerland
 * 1968-1972 Open space design for Bruderholzspital hospital, near Basel, Switzerland
 * 1972-1978 Public space design for central Post- and Administration building, Vaduz, Liechtenstein
 * 1974-1978 Open spaces for Roche chemical industry, Sisseln, Switzerland

Literature

 * Weilacher, Udo: Visionary Gardens. Modern Landscapes by Ernst Cramer. Basel: Birkhäuser, 2001, 287 p. ISBN 3-7643-6567-6
 * Garten des Poeten: G59 / 2009. Textbuch zur Ausstellung im Architekturforum Zürich, April 2009. Texte von Stefan Rotzler et al. Zürich: Architekturforum Zürich, 2009. 88 p. ISBN 978-3-033-01985-0

title: Ernst Cramer (architect)


text:
Talk:Southern Indiana

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title: Talk:Southern Indiana


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User talk:CDS17

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title: User talk:CDS17


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Chaussy

Chaussy may refer to:

 * An alternate name of Chavusy, a district town in Mahilyow Province, Belarus

Chaussy is the name of several communes in France:

 * Chaussy, in the Loiret département
 * Chaussy, in the Val-d'Oise département

title: Chaussy