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Talk:Polybrominated diphenyl ethers

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Documentary
Alot of info here, but maybe not only about PBDEs www.toxichotseatmovie.com/

Several state legislatures, including Vermont and Maryland, have banned flame retardants in furniture On May 11, 2012, The Chicago Tribune commenced publishing a five-part series that explored the decades-long campaign of profit-driven deception borne from the misleading tactics of the tobacco industry. California’s Governor Jerry Brown directed The California Bureau of Home Furnishings to replace Technical Bulletin 117, the outdated and ineffective flammability standard followed by most furniture manufactures nationwide. In 2014, California will have a revised fire-safety standard that, for the first time in nearly 40 years, will provide a non-toxic alternative to all consumers. — Preceding unsigned comment added by RonPaul573e (talk • contribs) 10:46, 5 May 2015 (UTC)

Untitled
There is a confusing mixture of PDBE and PBDE on this page. Are these 2 different animals, or just transposition?

'Of the three, octa is most commonly used and is considered the "safest" of the three.' - I thought deca was the safest, and is probably now the most common. 83.67.201.204 14:05, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

I thought so too, so I just changed it to deca. Notably: EU has banned octa and penta, but not deca. Also, a quick web search produced a variety of sites claiming deca was the most common. --Lmnop 05:32, 20 December 2005 (UTC)

naturally occuring
It has also been found that methoxylated PBDEs have been formed by marine sponges in the environment
 * Reference? --Agent Fog 17:08, 7 August 2007 (UTC)

"extremely unlikely" (main section)
Is the following sentence a conclusion of the researchers or the wikipedian's opinion? "However this source is extremely unlikely to account for the concentrations of PBDEs measured in human tissues, wildlife, household dust and common foods." --Agent Fog 17:36, 7 August 2007 (UTC)

No one credible makes the argument that PBDEs measured in household dust, people's body tissues, or environmental samples could be naturally occurring. Not even the people who produce these chemicals! It is virtually impossible to find a citation for this, because it is so unlikely. But I dug up a fact sheet from the Canadian government that has the text in bold. "PBDEs are not naturally occurring, but they have been found at higher-than-expected levels in breast milk and in the blood and fatty tissues of humans in various countries." —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.71.78.30 (talk) 19:54, 1 July 2008 (UTC)

Health Concerns
This entire section seems valid, but is in dire need of specific references. Health concerns with PBDEs are not cited, for example, nor is industry support for PBDEs. However, the current paragraph on the brominated flame retardant industry is very misleading. The assertion that there is no risk from deca-BDE is erroneous. The risk to human health as it is currently understood may be very low (as understood by public health officials), but this does not equal no risk. It seems that industry responses might be better served if, 1) they're put into their own section; 2) entered by someone other than a non-anonymous editor (which I am wildly speculating is a PR firm for the brominated flame retardant industry). Kristan 04:57, 7 September 2006 (UTC)
 * I completely agree. Right now I am doing some research and I intend to revise the article in the following ways:
 * Add relevant external links and try to put references where they are currently needed. Partially done.
 * Move the industry's response into its own subsection. Done.
 * Mention that the possibility of metabolisation of "deca" into more persistent compounds is being studied., ,
 * Deca has been found to be more toxic than previously thought, may debrominate., , [ http://www.ewg.org/reports/inthedust ]
 * --Agent Fog 15:09, 7 August 2007 (UTC). Re-edited on 17:06, 13 September 2007 (UTC).

Neutrality?
I'd argue that this article is biased in favor of PBDEs, and someone else also seemed to notice because they added the "citation needed" tags wherever something seemed to be a little off. I'm writing a paper about PBDEs right now, and I came to wikipedia for links (as I tend to do), so I'm a little busy, but I'll try to find sources for what I can and remove what I can't find sources for later. One problem is a lack of sources on PBDEs -- but I'm calling some companies to find some stuff out; hopefully that will help. CaTigeReptile 12:16, 30 April 2007 (UTC)
 * I believe you were being bothered by the same paragraph as me. It has been moved to a subsection to make it clear that it's the BFR's industry's arguments (which they still have to support with references).--Agent Fog 16:46, 7 August 2007 (UTC)

Concerning this topic you should contact the user that has made this edit. I would contact him by e-mail. As you see here (2nd account of the same user), he is a science advisor of the Bromine Science and Environmental Forum. 217.11.34.119 11:30, 9 August 2007 (UTC)

Industry's Position subsection
I'm tempted to remove that subsection and its contents altogether. Now that I read that paragraph again (after having isolated it in a subsection), I have concluded the following: So, that last idea should be rescued and moved out of the subsection. The susbsection itself should be removed, because it is essentially a POV section in a scientific article. Perhaps also someone with knowledge on the subject could write an Alternatives to PBDEs section. --Agent Fog 17:58, 13 September 2007 (UTC)
 * The first two sentences don't contribute directly to the PBDE article, and are stated as POV.
 * The third sentence repeats something already said in the introduction.
 * The fourth sentence DOES HAVE something to rescue: Pressure to shift to less studied alternatives could have a negative outcome.

there should be a section on the HISTORY of this substance, including how long ago it was invented, how long its been used, who invented it, etc.
The whole article is just lacking alot of needed information. Can someone please work on this, especially by providing information on the history and origin of this substance. Im very interested in knowing how long this stuff has been used in modern society. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.108.114.107 (talk) 13:31, 20 February 2010 (UTC)

 * To address this there is an interesting paper providing info on the history of use, production and components of main commercial mixtures of PBDEs  Mehran Alaee et al. (2003) An overview of commercially used brominated flame retardants, their applications, their use patterns in different countries/regions and possible modes of release. Environment International 29: 683–689 Also, the literature cited in this paper can be reviewed to improve this article. Angel670   talk  16:05, 28 February 2012 (UTC)

Forest fires
I need to know if Polybrominated diphenyl ethers are used to fight forest fires? 207.118.4.167 (talk) 16:28, 22 June 2010 (UTC)
 * AFAIK they are not. --Leyo 16:43, 22 June 2010 (UTC)

PBDEs vs PCBs
See the Wikipedia Dioxin section "Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins" and Dibenzofuran for references.

Most of my experience is in analysis and reporting of PCB contamination, however some of the observations are pertinent to PBDEs. The Mechanism of Toxicity of Poly Halo Aromatics seems to be tied foremost to Cytochrome P-450 metabolism. As 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD) is toxic at the sub PPB levels and PCBs are tested at the 100's PPM levels, many studies of PCB toxicity are diluted Dioxin. The Furan analog (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran) has similar toxicity. The ether analog, 3,4,3',4' TetraChloro DiPhenyl Ether, toxicity was described in documentation about the Seveso disaster in Italy (2,4,5 D factory explosion generating Dioxin etc.). When we tested transformer oil for Bonneville Power Authority, there was documentation that arcing (oxygen activation) and overheating generated TCDD and TCDF (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran). TCDD and TCDF are formed (in small quantities) industrially from pyrolysis and low temp incineration, bleaching paper, and burning wood in the presence of salt e.g. driftwood.

Similar reactions would be expected chemically from the more reactive PBDE compounds, especially in the presence of Copper in electronics. Wikipedia Bromine states "At high temperatures, organobromine compounds are easily converted to free bromine atoms"; loss of 2Br from 2,3,4,2',3',4' HexaBromo DiPhenyl Ether or HBr from 2,3,4,3',4' PentaBromo DiPhenyl Ether yields 2,3,7,8-tetrabromodibenzofuran.

Seagoing Murex Snails make dibromoindigotin and per Bromine Organobromine compound, "Organobromides are needed and produced enzymatically from bromide by some lower life forms in the sea, particularly algae". See http://www.mendeley.com/research/hydroxylated-methoxylated-brominated-diphenyl-ethers-red-algae-ceramium-tenuicorne-blue-mussels-baltic-sea/  "Both OH-PBDEs and MeO-PBDEs are known natural products, while OH-PBDEs also may be metabolites of PBDEs." Shjacks45 (talk) 02:49, 14 November 2011 (UTC)

LRAT of PBDEs
Would be interesting if the article is expanded and the issue of long-range atmospheric transport of PBDEs is addressed. Thank you. Angel670  talk  16:07, 28 February 2012 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Polybrominated diphenyl ethers


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Talk:Bulk vending

Second half of this article
The whole second half of this article reads like a giant advertisement. What can be done? Camtasia (talk) 22:05, 10 February 2008 (UTC)

Replacement pic needed
Can someone with a digital camera provide a pic to replace this fairuse one? Thanks, 205.217.105.2 12:24, 14 September 2005 (UTC)

POV
Although this page might seem POV about certain companies (e.g. U-Turn), it has to be that way because people new to vending need to be warned. 24.54.208.177 01:36, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I don't have a problem with the article as it stands, but the argument above is not a justification. PeteVerdon 11:09, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

 * It needs to be sorted, for NPOV reasons, and also legal reasons. We can't just list companies in a "Scams and Ripoffs" section without qualification. — Matt Crypto 17:17, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * It has now been changed to "Business opportunities." Also, I removed the word "scam." A scam implies wrongdoing, while a "ripoff" is in the eye of the beholder. 24.54.208.177 21:16, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

Article is still VERY POV. It offers "advice" to operators numerous times. 128.220.159.1 14:57, 15 August 2006 (UTC)

Seaga and vendweb
This is a website that can be edited by anyone so stop making it only about certain suppliers and let all suppliers list here (Note: This unsigned comment was posted by User:65.185.198.12)

Pics
Does anyone have some better pics they would like to donate to the cause?? 24.54.208.177 03:14, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

You, too, may make lots of money in the exciting world of bulk vending!
It might just be me, but it seems this page is not very encyclopedic and has a very "How To" feel to it. I'd bet that most people who encounter the article are not interested in being in the bulk vending business, but are rather customers. That's not to say the perspectives of bulk vending machine owners don't have a place in the article, just that it probably doesn't deserve the prominence it currently has. -- 14:52, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Agreed. I'm not sure how to change it, though. Maybe it should be split into two articles at this point. 24.54.208.177 15:14, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Any how-to stuff would be better off at Wikibooks. — Matt Crypto 17:17, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I think a large part of the purpose is to give the reader an idea of what the job of bulk vending is like. Inevitably, it involves some explanation of how it's done. On the other hand, maybe the consumer side of things could be broken into its own article. Hmm. 24.54.208.177 21:19, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

Changes
Corrected information regarding the relationship between Turnkey Vending and 1-800-Vending. The Department of Corporations for the State of Utah shows that both companies are active corporations and one was not started after another was disssolved, out of business etc. as was indicated. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Alaska1050 (talk • contribs).
 * It is true that they were run by the same individuals, though. Captain Zyrain 03:23, 13 December 2005 (UTC)

Run by the same individuals but the information that was posted is still false and inaccurate. The pricing comparison between 1.800.VENDING and Northwestern is based on unequal quantities of machines. Not apples to apples. Article implies TurnKey Vending is no longer in business by using the word "formerly". Three violations is not "numerous". Turnkey was not dissolved and both companies were formed in 1999. The fine to CT was not for "similar violations". Jeffm 03:23, 01 January 2006 (UTC)

Search at Utah Department of Corporations for Turnkey Vending and 1.800.VENDING -- I'd post direct links, but the site doesn't seem to allow for that.

1.800.VENDING, INC.   Corporation  KAYSVILLE  Expired TURNKEY VENDING, INC. Corporation  KAYSVILLE  Expired --SarekOfVulcan 06:42, 13 December 2005 (UTC)

Floam
Yesterday at the grocery store I saw a bulk vendor with small cups of Floam. It was only a dollar so I bought one and I like it. ' FL a  RN ' (talk) 22:53, 28 August 2006 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Bulk vending


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User:Jammoe

Me.
I'm not sure the particular swing to throw into this particular internet description of my entire being, so I'll leave this page with this until I think of something better. Have a nice day.

title: User:Jammoe


text:
John Robinson (American football coach)

John Alexander Robinson (born July 25, 1935) is an American former football coach best known for his two stints as head coach of the University of Southern California (USC) football team (1976–1982, 1993–1997) and for his tenure as head coach of the NFL's Los Angeles Rams (1983–1991). Robinson's USC teams won four Rose Bowls and captured a share of the national championship in the 1978 season. Robinson is one of the few college football head coaches to have non-consecutive tenure at the same school. In 2009, he was elected to the College Football Hall of Fame.

Early life
John Alexander Robinson was born on July 25, 1935, in Chicago, Illinois. He moved to Provo, Utah at six, and then to Daly City, California at nine, where he attended Catholic parochial school with future Pro Football Hall of Famer John Madden, at Our Lady of Perpetual Help, graduating in 1950, and Junípero Serra High School graduating in 1954.

College career
Robinson attended the University of Oregon, where he played Tight End on Oregon's 1958 Rose Bowl team.

Oregon
Robinson began his coaching career at the University of Oregon, his alma mater, where he served as an assistant coach under Len Casanova and Jerry Frei from 1960 to 1971.

USC
Robinson then served as USC's offensive coordinator from 1972 to 1974 under head coach John McKay, who had been an assistant coach at Oregon when Robinson played there. During this three-year stretch, the Trojans went 31–3–2, winning three Pac-8 Conference titles and appearing in three Rose Bowls (winning two of them) with a pair of national championships.

Oakland Raiders
Robinson then left USC to serve as the Oakland Raiders' running backs coach in 1975, rejoining Madden, who was by then Oakland's head coach. That season, the Raiders went 11–3 and reached the AFC Championship Game, where they lost 16–10 to the Pittsburgh Steelers.

USC
In 1976, when John McKay left USC to coach the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Robinson was named to succeed him. Robinson would coach at USC from 1976 to 1982, during which he led the Trojans to three conference titles and five bowl games. He won the Rose Bowl in 1977, 1979, and 1980 and USC earned a national championship in 1979. Following the 1982 season, Robinson stepped down as head coach with a record of 67–14–2 over seven seasons.

Los Angeles Rams
Hired to replace Ray Malavasi prior to the 1983 NFL season, John Robinson is considered one of the more successful coaches in Rams history, leading the franchise to the playoffs in six of his first seven seasons and twice reaching the NFC Championship Game. Both of those contests ended in defeat against eventual Super Bowl champions, the 1985 Chicago Bears and the 1989 San Francisco 49ers. Robinson's tenure as Rams coach was made more difficult by the fact that the Rams played in the same division as the 49ers, the dominant team of the 1980s (the only time he won the NFC West title during his tenure was 1985). However, he had great success in importing his trademark running game after using the No. 2 overall pick in the 1983 NFL Draft to draft running back Eric Dickerson. In just over four seasons with the Rams, Dickerson ran for 7,245 yards and led the league in rushing three times, with his 1984 total of 2,105 yards still an NFL record going into 2022. After Dickerson was traded midway through the 1987 season, Robinson's Rams still had the league's rushing leader in Charles White, while Greg Bell continued Robinson's running tradition with back-to-back 1,000-yard seasons in 1988 and 1989. Additionally, Robinson introduced to the league a group of highly respected assistant coaches, including Norv Turner, Hudson Houck, and Gil Haskell, all of whom would go on to have long and productive NFL coaching careers.

Following the Rams' 30–3 loss in the 1989 NFC Championship Game, the Rams franchise went into decline. After a 5–11 season in 1990 and a 3–13 mark in 1991, Robinson was fired by the Rams, though his 79 career victories remain the most in franchise history.

USC
After spending several seasons in radio and television broadcasting, Robinson returned to the sidelines in 1993 with USC. In his second stint with the Trojans, the team won three straight bowl games, including the 1996 Rose Bowl. Though Robinson never finished with a losing season at USC, his mark of 37–21–2 (including a 3–6–1 mark against traditional rivals Notre Dame and UCLA in his second stint) led to his dismissal following the 1997 season.

UNLV
Two years later, Robinson was hired to coach football at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas. Robinson won his first two games in 1999, the second win coming at Baylor where the Rebels won despite entering the game's final play down by three points and not possessing the ball; the Rebels finished 3–8 in Robinson's first year. The Rebels rebounded to win eight games in 2000, including a 31–14 victory over Arkansas in the Las Vegas Bowl, Robinson's only bowl appearance with the Running Rebels. In 2002, Robinson was chosen as the university's athletic director, but he stepped down from that position a year later to concentrate on the coaching position. In 2003, he was inducted into the Rose Bowl Hall of Fame. Despite being relieved of duty as athletic director, he resigned after going 2–9 in his final season in 2004.

San Marcos High School
In 2010, Robinson returned to coaching as defensive coordinator at San Marcos High School in San Marcos, California, having never before coached at the high school level. With Robinson's assistance, the Knights went 4–7 and reached the CIF-San Diego Section football playoffs.

In July 2019, Robinson joined the LSU football program as a senior consultant to head coach Ed Orgeron. He remained in that position through the 2021 season.

Outside of coaching
Robinson began a three decade long association with Sports USA Radio Network in 1998, and as of January 2018 serves as a color analyst for the network. He is a board member for the Lott IMPACT Trophy, which is named after Pro Football Hall of Fame defensive back Ronnie Lott, and is awarded annually to college football's Defensive IMPACT Player of the Year.

His son, David Robinson, is a defensive coordinator for the Fullerton College Hornets football program. He had played on Fullerton's 1983 national title team. David worked for his father as an assistant coach, working in six bowl games, most notably the 1995 Cotton Bowl and 1996 Rose Bowl.

Robinson currently resides in Encinitas, California.

title: John Robinson (American football coach)


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/F'sho

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete --Tony Sidaway Talk 03:43, 4 September 2005 (UTC)

F'sho
Mispronunciation of "for sure". That's it. Denni ☯ 01:37, 2005 August 29 (UTC)
 * Delete, F'sho. Not encyclopedic. -- DS1953 01:41, August 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per above. Jaxl | talk 02:11, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete seems like it aught to be in a page on slang, perhaps a redirect? Olleicua 02:19, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. As per above. Alr 02:19, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. WP:NOT a slang dictionary. Fernando Rizo T/C 02:21, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-encyclopedic. Cnwb 04:18, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per Fernando Rizo.— Encephalon |  ζ   07:12:41, 2005-08-29 (UTC)
 * Keep, legitimate entry. james gibbon  11:28, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete or Move to Wiktionary --Quasipalm 15:50, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, fo' rizzle.  ral  315  17:23, August 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: It is not a mispronunciation, it is a variant pronunciation. Kappa 17:35, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - per Fernando Rizo. Rob Church Talk 19:06, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - per Fernando Rizo. --Sebastian Kessel 19:56, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Jachin 21:50, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, may be suitable for Wiktionary. the wub  "?/!"  08:28, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete CalJW 22:54, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * delete Roodog2k 00:10, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/F'sho


text: Category:Inhumans

title: Category:Inhumans


text:
Types of motorcycles

In the market, there is a wide variety of types of motorcycles, each with unique characteristics and features. Models vary according to the specific needs of each user, such as standard, cruiser, touring, sports, off-road, dual-purpose, scooters, etc. Scooters are a type of motorcycle:
 * Often, some types like sport touring are considered as an additional category or integrated with touring.
 * Often, some types like sport touring are considered as an additional category or integrated with touring.
 * Often, some types like sport touring are considered as an additional category or integrated with touring.
 * Often, some types like sport touring are considered as an additional category or integrated with touring.
 * Often, some types like sport touring are considered as an additional category or integrated with touring.
 * Often, some types like sport touring are considered as an additional category or integrated with touring.

There is no universal system for classifying all types of motorcycles. However, some authors argue that there are generally six categories recognized by most motorcycle manufacturers and organizations, making clear distinctions between these six main types and other motorcycles. For example, scooters, mopeds, underbones, minibikes, pocket bikes, electric bikes, and three-wheeled motorcycles are often excluded from the main categories within these classifications, but other classification schemes may also include these types of motorcycles.

Nevertheless, there are strict classification systems enforced by competitive motorcycle sport sanctioning bodies, or legal definitions of a motorcycle established by certain legal jurisdictions for motorcycle registration, emissions, road traffic safety rules or motorcyclist licensing. There are also informal classifications or nicknames used by manufacturers, riders, and the motorcycling media. Some experts do not recognize sub-types, like naked bike, that "purport to be classified" outside the usual classes, because they fit within one of the main types and are recognizable only by cosmetic changes.

Street motorcycles are motorcycles designed for being ridden on paved roads. They have smooth tires with tread patterns and engines generally in the 125 cc and over range. Typically, street motorcycles are capable of speeds up to 100 mph, and many of speeds in excess of 125 mph. Street motorcycles powered by electric motors are becoming more common, with firms like Harley-Davidson entering the market.

 Standard

Standard motorcycles (also called roadsters, or naked bikes) are street motorcycles that conform to a stereotypical image of a motorcycle, with an exposed engine and fuel tank above it. Standard bikes typically have neither fairings nor windscreens as OEM attachments (hence the modern usage naked bikes). With handlebars that are set neither high nor low, and footpegs placed neither forward nor "rear-set", standards give an upright rider posture (in-between the semi-recumbent cruiser and the forward crouch of a sport bike). A standard's relationship between footpegs, handlebars and seat gives the rider a comfortable and natural posture. The comfort, ease of control, and safety of standard bikes means that beginner motorcyclists inevitably learn on standard motorcycles; and many experienced riders choose to continue riding this motorcycle type.

Cruiser

Cruiser motorcycles (or simply cruisers) are styled after American motorcycles from the 1930s to the early 1960s, such as those made by Harley-Davidson, Indian, and Excelsior-Henderson. Harley-Davidsons largely define the cruiser category, and large-displacement V-twin engines are the norm, although other engine configurations and small to medium displacements also exist. Their engines are tuned for low-end torque, making them less demanding to ride because it is not necessary to shift as frequently to accelerate or maintain control.

The riding position places the feet forward and the hands are up relatively high, so that the spine is erect or leaning back slightly. At low to moderate speeds, cruisers are more comfortable than other styles, but riding for long periods at freeway speeds can lead to fatigue from pulling back on the handlebars to resist the force of the wind against the rider's chest. Cruisers have limited cornering ability due to a lack of ground clearance. Choppers are a type of cruiser, so called because they are a "chopped", or cut-down, version of a production cruiser. Choppers are usually custom projects that result in a bike modified to suit the owner's ideals, and, as such, are a source of pride and accomplishment. Stereotypically, a chopper may have raked-out forks, small fuel tanks and high handlebars. Choppers were popularised in the Peter Fonda film Easy Rider. Being designed primarily for visual effect, choppers will rarely be suitable for lengthy cruising.

Related to the chopper motorcycle is the bobber, a solo bike which is created by "bobbing" a factory bike by removing superfluous weight and bodywork from a motorcycle to reduce mass and increase performance. A common element of these motorcycles is a shortened rear fender that creates a "bobbed" look.

Power cruiser is a name used to distinguish bikes in the cruiser class that have significantly greater levels of power. They typically have with upgraded brakes and suspensions, better ground clearance, and premium surface finishes, as well as more exotic or non-traditional styling.

Touring
Although any motorcycle can be equipped and used for touring, touring motorcycles are specifically designed to excel at covering long distances. They have large-displacement engines, fairings and screens that offer good weather and wind protection, large-capacity fuel tanks for long ranges between fill-ups, and a relaxed, upright seating position. Passenger accommodation is excellent and expansive luggage space is the norm for this class. Such bikes can have wet weights of 850 - 900 lbs and top 1300 - 1400 lbs fully loaded with a rider, passenger and gear.

Bagger, full dresser, full dress tourer, or dresser are various names for touring motorcycles, sometimes used disparagingly or jocularly, and originally referring to a Harley-Davidson or other cruisers with full sets of saddlebags. This can now refer to any touring motorcycle.

Sport
Sport bikes are road bikes that emphasize top speed, acceleration, braking, handling and grip,  typically at the expense of comfort and fuel economy in comparison to other motorcycle types. Sport bikes have comparatively high performance engines supported within a lightweight frame. Inline-four engines dominate the sport bike category, with V-twins and parallel twins having a significant presence; and most other engine configurations appear in small numbers at times. High-performance braking systems may use upgraded brake pads, multi-piston calipers and larger vented rotors. Sports bike suspension systems may be more sophisticated, with greater adjustments for compression and rebound. Sport bikes have fairings to completely enclose the engine, along with windscreens that effectively deflect the air at high speeds away from the rider, thereby minimising overall drag.

Sport bikes may have footpegs that are both higher and set further back than on a standard bike, improving ground clearance when cornering and enabling a more prone position for the rider. There may be a long reach to the hand controls, which positions the body and center of gravity forward, above the fuel tank. The rider leans forward into the wind, the force of which may support the rider's weight at high speeds. However, at lower speeds a rider may experience excessive weight on the arms and wrists, causing fatigue.

Muscle bike is a nickname for a motorcycle type, derived from a sport bike design, that puts a disproportionately high priority on engine power.

Streetfighters are derived from sport bikes, originally being customized sport bikes with the fairings removed and higher handlebars replacing the low clip-on handlebars. Since the 1990s, factory streetfighters have been produced. As with naked bike and muscle bike (below), the name streetfighter is used to help clarify the middle ground occupied by designs that blend elements of both sport bikes and standards.

Off-road

Off-road motorcycles, also known as dirt bikes or scramblers, specially designed for off-road use. The term off-road refers to driving surfaces that are not conventionally paved. These are rough surfaces, often created naturally, such as sand, gravel, a river, mud or snow. These types of terrain can sometimes only be travelled on with vehicles designed for off-road driving (such as SUVs, ATVs, snowmobiles and mountain bikes in recent decades, and minibikes even earlier) or vehicles are designed to better handle off-road conditions. Compared to road-going motorcycles, off-road machines are lighter and more flexible, typically having long suspension travel, high ground clearance, and are geared higher to provide more torque in off-road situations. Wheels (usually 21" front, 18" rear) have knobby tires, often clamped to the rim with a rim lock.

Many competitive events have emerged and developed into a variety of off-road motorcycle sports, for which a number of specialized motorcycles have been built:
 * Motocross—Such bikes are raced on short, closed off-road tracks with a variety of obstacles. The motorcycles have a small fuel tank for lightness and compactness. Long-travel suspension allows riders to take jumps at high speed. Motocross engines are single-cylinder two-stroke or four-stroke units, which vary in size from 50cc up to about 500cc. At the professional level, bikes are split up into two levels based on their displacements: MX and MX Lite. The MX Lite class contains 125cc two-stroke engines and 250cc four-stroke engines, while the MX class pits 250cc two-stroke engines against 450cc four-stroke engines. The actual displacement for both four-strokes and two-strokes can be under what is listed for the different bikes. The differences in power, displacement, torque, and weight are all variables that balance the competition between two-stroke and four-stroke engines. Motocross sidecar outfits have bigger engines, usually four-stroke and often twin-cylinder. Motocross bikes are also used in freestyle motocross.
 * Trials—Trials riding is a specialized form of off-road competition testing balancing skills and precision rather than speed. For a trials bike, low weight and crisp throttle response power are prioritized, so trials bikes tend to have a small (125 cc to 300 cc) engine, with two-strokes being common. During the trial, the rider stands on the foot-pegs, so a trials bike will have only a vestigial seat, or no seat at all. Fuel tanks are very small, giving a very limited range. Trial usually consider the best for start riding off-road because of its low sit and light weight. Trial motorcycles are design to pass the tracks which is impossible for another kind of motorcycles to pass.
 * Enduro—A modified and road-legal motocross bike which is something between a Trial motorcycle and Motocross, having the addition of a horn, lights, effective silencing and a number plate. Enduro riders compete over a longer course (which may include roads); and an enduro event may last between one day and six days (such as the International Six Days Enduro). Some enduro events (known as "multi-lappers") are held on rather shorter circuits, not unlike scramble tracks.  "Multi-lappers" are especially popular with novice riders.
 * Rally raid, or "rallies"—A special type of enduro bike with a significantly larger fuel tank for very long distance racing, typically through deserts (e.g. Paris-Dakar rally). Engine capacities tend to be larger, usually between 450 cc and 750 cc.
 * Dual-Sport—A dual-sport bike is a multi-purpose bike, made for on-road and recreational off-road riding. A dual-sport bike may resemble an enduro bike, but since a dual-sport bike is not intended to be used for competition, it may be less rugged, and equipped with dual-purpose tires and with more road legal equipment, such as indicators, mirrors and extra instruments. Most dual-sport bikes require a number plate to be ridden on state and county roads.
 * Track racing—High-speed oval racing, typically with no brakes, nor rear suspension. The engines, fueled by methanol, are long-stroke four-stroke singles, such as JAP and Jawa.  They have at most two gears.  Some types, such as speedway, and grass-track bikes, are designed to take left turns only.
 * Snow bikes—A snow bike takes a typical dirt-bike and replaces the rear wheel with a single tread system similar to a snowmobile and the front wheel with a large ski. They are much smaller and more nimble than a snowmobile, and they have a tighter turning radius, which lets the rider go where many snowmobiles cannot. The first prototype of motorcycles with a rear tread date all the way back to the 1920s, with failed attempts to bring them onto the market until recent times. Many motorcycles made after the 1990s or later can be fitted with a kit that transforms them into a snow bike.

Dual-purpose

Dual-purpose motorcycles, sometimes called dual-sport, on/off-road motorcycles, or adventure motorcycles, are street legal machines that are also designed to enter off-road situations. Typically based on a dirt bike chassis, they have added lights, mirrors, signals, and instruments that allow them to be licensed for public roads. They are higher than other street bikes, with a high center of gravity and tall seat height, allowing good suspension travel for rough ground.

Adventure motorcycles (ADV) are motorcycles with touring capability on paved and unpaved roads. As a dual-sport they have a significant on-pavement bias and perform well on pavement at higher speeds unlike most dual-sports. Their size, weight and sometimes their tires, however, limits their off-road capability. Most adventure motorcycles function well on graded dirt and gravel roads but are less than ideal on more difficult off-pavement terrain.

Supermoto motorcycles were designed to compete on a single course that alternated between three genres of motorcycle racing: road racing, track racing, and motocross. This increasingly popular type of motorcycle is often a dual-sport that has been fitted by the manufacturer with smaller rims and road tires. Supermotos are quickly gaining popularity as street bikes due to their combination of light weight, durability, relatively low cost, and sporty handling.

Sport touring

Sport touring motorcycles combine attributes of sport bikes and touring motorcycles. The rider posture is less extreme than a sport bike, giving greater long-distance comfort. Accommodation for a passenger is superior to a sport bike as well, along with increased luggage capacity. Being lighter, at 550 - 720 lbs wet, than a pure touring bike and often having racier engines, suspensions, and brakes, sport tourers corner better and are more at home being aggressively ridden on curvy canyon roads. The distinction between touring and sport touring is not always clear as some manufacturers will list the same bike in either category in different markets. The Honda ST1300 Pan-European, for example, was listed by Honda as a sport touring motorcycle in the United States and Australia, but as a touring motorcycle in Europe.

Scooters
Scooters are a type of motorcycles distinguished by their continuously variable automatic transmission (CVT) and distinctive design. Unlike traditional motorcycles, scooters feature an open frame structure, a seat, and a flat foot platform, allowing the rider to maintain an upright posture without straddling the engine. This configuration not only enhances rider comfort but also contributes to fuel efficiency. Currently, three main types of scooters are recognized, each with its own characteristics and applications:

Standard scooter: This type of scooter is ideal for urban mobility due to its ease of handling and parking. They are lightweight, comfortable, and agile vehicles, perfect for navigating through dense city traffic. Their wheels are usually smaller than those of conventional motorcycles, with diameters ranging from 12 to 15 inches (30.5−38 cm), and they have an engine displacement ranging from 50cc to 150cc (3.1−9.2 cu in).

Maxi-scooter: Maxi-scooters are equipped with high-displacement engines, ranging from 125cc to 250cc (7.7–15.3 cu in), designed for covering long distances at high speeds. Although they are heavier and less agile than standard scooters, they are commonly used in cities and suburbs due to their larger fuel tank capacity and larger wheels, which can reach 15 or even 16 inches (38.1−40.7 cm).

Mega-scooter: also known as touring scooters, like maxi-scooters, mega-scooters feature a higher-displacement engine, ranging from 400cc to 850cc (24.5−51.9 cu in), and superior performance, designed for covering long distances at high speeds. However, their considerably greater weight and lower agility make them suitable for use in the city or on highways. A scooter is considered to fall into the mega-scooter category when its displacement exceeds 400cc.

Underbones and mopeds

Underbones are small-displacement motorcycles with a step-through frame, descendants of the original Honda Super Cub. They are differentiated from scooters by their larger wheels and their use of footpegs instead of a floorboard. They often have a gear shifter with an automatic clutch.

The moped used to be a hybrid of the bicycle and the motorcycle, equipped with a small engine (usually a small two-stroke engine up to 50 cc, but occasionally an electric motor) and a bicycle drivetrain, and motive power can be supplied by the engine, the rider, or both. There are also Sport mopeds – a type of moped that resembles a sport bike.

In many places, mopeds are subject to less stringent licensing than bikes with larger engines and are popular as very cheap motorbikes, with the pedals seeing next to no use. Mopeds were very popular in the United States during the fuel-crisis of the late 1970s and early 1980s, but their popularity has fallen off sharply since the mid-1980s. In response to rising fuel prices in the first decade of the 2000s, U.S. scooter and moped ridership saw a resurgence. Sales of motorcycles and scooters declined 43.2% in 2009, and continued to decrease in the first quarter of 2010, with scooter sales doing worst, down 13.3% compared to a 4.6% drop for all two-wheelers.

Other types of small motorcycles include the minibike, monkey bike, Welbike, pocketbike, and pit bike.

Enclosed and feet forwards

Enclosed motorcycles include cabin motorcycles and streamliner motorcycles.

Feet forwards motorcycles include the 1911 Wilkinson TMC and the 1918 Ner-A-Car. Contemporary examples include the Quasar, powered by a Reliant Robin engine, and the Peraves range powered mainly by BMW K Series engines.

Utility

Some motorcycles are specially adapted for specific job functions, such as those used by the ambulance, blood bikes, fire, and military services, and for specialized delivery services, such as pizza deliveries. Beginning in the 1960s with the Mountain Goat specialized motorcycles were developed for use on farms. The Motocrotte (or cainette) was used in Paris to collect dog waste with vacuum suction in the 1980s and 1990s, and was still in use in other French cities as of 2016.

A derny is a motorized bicycle used for motor-paced cycling events.

Tricycles

While motorcycles typically have two wheels, some motorized tricycles are classed as three-wheeled motorcycles. Some brands have made various types of three-wheelers direct from the factory. Most of these vehicles are treated as motorcycles for registration or licensing purposes.

Tilting three-wheelers keep all three wheels on the ground when they lean to negotiate curves. These include Honda's Gyro range, all of which have a front wheel that leans and a pair of rear wheels that do not, and the Piaggio MP3, which has two front wheels and a single rear wheel, all of which lean. The Yamaha Niken is also a tilting three wheeler but has smaller track width such that it is considered a motorcycle by some authorities.

title: Types of motorcycles


text:
Wikipedia talk:Requests for mediation/Proposed

This is the only hard part:

 * Click on the red link, and copy and paste the following content onto the page: ==Mediation for NAME and NAME== Party one: Party two:  ===Overview of dispute by party one=== Please limit discussion to 250 words or less. ===Overview of dispute by party two=== Please limit discussion to 250 words or less. ===Goals of mediation between the two parties=== Please state the goals you wish to achieve in this mediation.

Can you make this part easier to understand? Especially for newbies? Thanks! Uncle Ed 01:40, August 29, 2005 (UTC)

I don't see any reason for change, and dislike these
No offense intended, but I don't see the need for any of these changes, nor do I think the added structure is desirable. Mediation is a highly personal affair, and best handled without this kind of formalisation. The chair of MedCom should hand out cases, IMO, as they currently (should) do. --Improv 23:58, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

Delay and structure
Everyone is disappointed with the slow progress of Mediation at Wikipedia. I welcome any idea(s) which might speed things up.

We've tried all sorts of things, and I think it's only fair to give cello guy his chance.

I'm going to ask the Mediation Committee (via e-mail) to accept the two or three new Mediator applicants, and I'm going to work with the whole committee to find ways to streamline the process.

Mediation is indeed highly personal, so maybe reducing structure is the best thing. It's all about people anyway. Uncle Ed 12:05, September 9, 2005 (UTC)


text: User talk:ThaiHH

title: User talk:ThaiHH


text:
James Keach

James Keach (born December 7, 1947 ) is an American actor and filmmaker. He is the younger brother of actor Stacy Keach and son of actor Stacy Keach Sr.

Early life and education
Keach was born in Savannah, Georgia, the son of Mary Cain (Peckham), an actress, and Walter Stacy Keach Sr., a drama coach, actor, writer, and producer. His brother, Stacy Keach, is an actor and narrator. Keach received his undergraduate degree from Northwestern University, a M.F.A. from the Yale School of Drama, and is also a classically trained Shakespearean actor.

Career
Best known as a producer and director, Keach has also acted, most famously portraying Jesse James in the 1980 film The Long Riders, a film which he co-wrote and produced. Johnny Cash was so taken by the film that he and June Carter became close friends with Keach and asked him to be involved in the development of Walk the Line, which Keach produced. Keach also appeared in numerous supporting roles in films such as National Lampoon's Vacation with Chevy Chase, The Razor's Edge opposite Bill Murray, and Wildcats with Goldie Hawn. He also played a leading role in the 1985 comedy film Moving Violations as Deputy Hank Halik.

He was the director of the 1993 TV series and 1999 film Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman which starred his wife, Jane Seymour, and other episodic television. Most recently he has directed and produced Waiting for Forever and Blind Dating. He directed a documentary, Glen Campbell: I'll Be Me, about country music singer Glen Campbell and his battle with Alzheimer's disease, that was released in October 2014. He won a Grammy Award on March 14, 2021, as producer for the documentary Linda Ronstadt The Sound of My Voice.

In 2010, Keach received the Ellis Island Medal of Honor.

Personal life
Keach was married to Holly Collins, sister of Judy Collins. Their marriage produced a son, Kalen Keach. Sometime after his marriage to Collins ended, he married Mimi Maynard. Their marriage lasted until 1993.

In 1993, Keach married actress Jane Seymour. The couple had twin boys, born November 30, 1995, John Stacy and Kristopher Steven, who were named after family friends Johnny Cash and Christopher Reeve, and James's brother, actor Stacy Keach. In June 2007, both Keach and Seymour became patrons of Meningitis UK. On April 12, 2013, it was announced that the couple separated. The divorce was finalized in December 2015.

title: James Keach


text:
User:Josiah Rowe

Josiah Rowe was born at a very young age, in Fredericksburg, Virginia. He hasn't died yet.

He currently lives in North Haven, Connecticut, with three daughters and one wife, all of which he's quite fond of.

He rarely refers to himself in the third person.

Josiah on Wikipedia
Josiah is a dilettante at Wikipedia, as he is in many other fields. His work, if you can call it that, can mostly be found in various topics related to Doctor Who. Josiah also dabbles in pages related to comic books and Greek mythology, as well as other random subjects. His best work is the Featured Article Fun Home.

Other articles Josiah has created or contributed substantially to include (in no particular order): Daniel Wakefield Smith, Michelle Paradise, Helen Griffin, Bernard Krigstein, Serenity (film), Science fiction Western, Julie Gardner, James Cobban, The Pirate Queen, John Dempsey (lyricist), Dana P. Rowe (no relation), Winged monkeys, Achilles and Patroclus, Kevin Davies (director), Kate Austin, Nev Fountain, The Sarah Jane Adventures, Yasmin Paige, Gareth David-Lloyd, SantaLand Diaries and A More Perfect Union (speech). Make of that what you will.

And yes, Josiah is his real name (insofar as such a thing exists), and yes, he's aware that by putting his identity on this page he's probably annihilated whatever privacy he might ever have pretended to have. Josiah figures that he doesn't have anything to be ashamed of, and nobody's going to steal an identity as worthless as his anyhow.

Update, 2007
In the summer of 2007 I took an extended wikibreak, for a couple of reasons. Some of them were due to real-life concerns, but others had to do with Wikipedia, its governance and its future. First, Jimbo's initial response to the Essjay controversy showed a troubling preference for loyalty over truth. Second, I was unhappy with the way that some users have been enforcing the non-free content policy, and the consequent valuing of "free" over "encyclopedia" in Wikipedia's mission. Examples of this being taken to absurd lengths include the exclusion of the International Symbol of Access from informational articles, and the removal of an image of a painting from the summary of the article about that painting on Today's Featured Article. These incidents were examples of Wikipedia allowing the "free" goal to harm the "encyclopedia" goal, as well as examples of the third problem I've been having with Wikipedia lately: the cancerous growth of the Wikipedia bureaucracy. Actually, Wikipedia currently suffers from nearly all the problems listed under Bureaucracy. I'm not a management guru, and I don't have the solution to Wikipedia's organizational sclerosis. But I do have the choice of how much time I want to spend working in a bureaucracy-laden environment, and in the summer of 2007 the choice was "not much, thanks".

However, I still feel that Wikipedia is a worthwhile project, and I have the strongest respect for its values of consensus and civility. I have hope that these values will prove stronger than the forces pushing Wikipedia towards bureaucracy, cronyism and absurdities based on ideological purism. Wikipedia can be seen as a model of human society in general. If we can make this work, there's hope for the world.

Update, 2013
I am only occasionally active here. I retain the admin bit, but hardly ever use it.

Perspectives and biases
I recognize the dangers of factionalism on Wikipedia, and have therefore removed several userboxes and categories in accordance with the polite request Jimbo made some time ago. However, I also think it can be important for editors to know each other's standpoints and possible biases. And yes, we all do have biases, both conscious and unconscious. I think the goal for a Wikipedian should be to become aware of one's own biases and strive not to let them affect one's contributions to the encyclopedia. However, I recognize my own fallibility and the likelihood that I will not always live up to that ideal. So, in order to help other contributors recognize areas in which I may be biased, I'm listing a few of my most strongly held beliefs and groups I identify with.

I'm politically liberal. I am also a Christian. I'm a member of the Episcopal Church, and believe that Jesus' teachings don't support preventive warfare or supply-side economics. I strongly support gay rights, including marriage equality. My philosophical views are influenced by Kant, Kierkegaard and Paul Tillich. With Kant, I claim that reason should deal with what can be known, while faith should deal with what cannot be known but must be believed. Therefore, I see no contradiction between Christianity and Darwinian evolution, between the belief that God created the universe and is responsible for everything that exists, and the scientific understanding of how life has developed based on chance and natural selection. (I used to have both an ΙΧΘΥΣ and a Darwin fish on my car, which I hope made people think.)

Again, I hope that I don't let these views affect my editing on Wikipedia, but I'm presenting them here in the interest of openness, just in case they do.

To-do list

 * Finish James Cobban
 * Fix list of graphic novels on Doctor Who Magazine
 * Listen to Circular Time again to get regeneration reference for Doctor (Doctor Who) and Regeneration (Doctor Who)
 * Expand List of Doctor Who writers to include non-television writers
 * Find sources for Doctor Who (1996 film)

Useful links

 * Manual of Style
 * Vandal warning templates on WP:VAND
 * Table of test templates
 * Full list of user talk templates
 * meta:Help:Table
 * meta:Help:List
 * /sandbox
 * /sandbox2
 * /sandbox3
 * /sandbox4 (currently working on Andrew Smith (Doctor Who writer))
 * /sandbox5
 * /Temp (List of non-fictional heroes, for use in developing List of historical people portrayed as heroes if I ever get around to it)
 * /Doctorwhowarning
 * /TVnote

title: User:Josiah Rowe


text:
Talk:Ed Sailor White

Need assistance in merging this article with another article of same individual Ed White.

title: Talk:Ed Sailor White


text:
Talk:New York Mercantile Exchange

New Product - Uranium
NYMEX announced a new uranium product offering. The contract will be for U3O8 also known as yellowcake. Perhaps this should be added within a couple weeks. Rraicu 05:43, 23 April 2007 (UTC)

--Added Uranium. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Rraicu (talk • contribs) 06:19, 26 September 2007 (UTC)

Why isn't cotton mentioned?
Isn't it traded here?

Norm —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.141.198.53 (talk) 15:29, 10 October 2008 (UTC)

Cotton traded on the New York Board of Trade, which is now owned by the InterContinental Exchange. Cotton does not trade on the NYMEX. Swim900 (talk) 19:41, 21 January 2011 (UTC)

CME Group lists Cotton and other soft commodities but they do not trade there, historically NYBOT is the main reference market for soft commodities. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Blaze3000 (talk • contribs) 23:19, 13 March 2012 (UTC)

things yet to be added:
Dubai

London

most mentions of specific persons (mostly out of fear)

Mezrich's book

the oil price spike of 2008

etc etc.

read Goodman's book if you want to really know the details. Decora (talk) 23:53, 26 September 2011 (UTC)

NPOV?
"The New York Mercantile Exchange, Inc. is a private company which plays a vibrant role in the commercial, civic, and cultural life of New York and supports thousands of jobs." I think this sentence would be more neutral if the word vibrant were removed, it actually smacks somewhat of the copy that might be found in a brochure for the Mercantile Exchange. I don't know what it means to play a vibrant role in the commercial, civic and cultural life of New York.

Removed most of the sentance ""The New York Mercantile Exchange, Inc. is a private company which plays a vibrant role in the commercial, civic, and cultural life of New York and supports thousands of jobs." as it sounds like marketing copy, and is little content. Made other minor NPOV changes, but this page still needs work.

Removed the reference to the film 'Trading Places' which was filmed on the NYBOT floor not NYMEX.

Irrespective of Neutrality a lot of this article looks like it has been taken out of the new book. A lot of it is irrelevant, and can be rolled into a broader article about open outcry or futures exchanges. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Blaze3000 (talk • contribs) 23:23, 13 March 2012 (UTC)

Reverting 11 edits is unhelpful
Beyond My Ken (talk It is unusual to revert a series of edits as being "unhelpful."

The reference for Goodman's book floats at the end as the sole entry in a bibliography. It is cited numerous times, why not include it with the other references and use the template?

You deleted the reference by the same author which is quite useful.

I completed references that lacked titles, dates, work, etc. as in the CME article. I spent sometime finding urls directly at the NYT site instead of an archived url for example. What is the problem with that?

I noticed that the section with the odd title "Goods" is more of a history of only two of the commodity futures traded: specifically potato and oil futures. It is covered in a very fragmented way. At one time I believe someone entitled these sections simply "potatoes" and "oil." NYMEX trades in a number of other commodities that are only listed at the bottom of the page. The section "Goods" is more of a poorly summarized history of NYMEX administration, etc. It would be more useful if there were sections in which the Commodities traded were fleshed out.

The relationship between NYMEX and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission has been explored at depth in the literature. Simply listing two names as directors of NYMEX leaves no room for exploring the uneasy relationship between the regulator and the regulated in the person of James Newsome.

The history of NYMEX and its relationship with the Commodity Futures Trading Commission is relevant to current affairs.

All editors should be encouraged to contribute. If you want to revert an edit, put it on the talk page and ask for consensus, one edit at a time. Don't revert and then explain. It will discourage new editors and is entirely unhelpful.

Your reverts are heavy-handed and not at all Zen Ken. :) Oceanflynn (talk) 04:44, 27 February 2016 (UTC)
 * If the article was better before the edits, then the number of them is irrelevant. BMK (talk) 04:49, 27 February 2016 (UTC)

Who decides then that the article was improved by an edit? I thought I improved it. BMK thought it didn't. One edit may have improved. Another edit, not so much. Reverting them all at once is not useful.

Why is it not helpful to have this reference in the text like all the other references?Oceanflynn (talk) 17:31, 27 February 2016 (UTC)

example, example , example , etc

This reference was replaced with which includes more attributes, ref details.Oceanflynn (talk) 17:42, 27 February 2016 (UTC)
 * When multiple references are to a single source, the usual procedure is to put that source in the bibliography, and then to refer to it by the author's name, date of publication, and a page number (if one is available). That's what was done. You have un-standardized it in an unhelpful way, because now, if the one reference that carries the publication information is removed by another editor (for whatever reason) all of the other references are pointing to to nothing. BMK (talk) 21:00, 27 February 2016 (UTC)

There are a number of reference templates used in Wikipedia. The most common is the simple reflist. Using a ref name attribute and the  template the editor can cite the same reference multiple times with different page numbers that all links to the reference in the automatically generated reflist. I had added the ref name to the reference and I added the rp template too. See for example Steam-assisted gravity drainage. Or in the example above. Anyhow, enough said. If it is that important to you keep it the way it is.Oceanflynn (talk) 01:47, 28 February 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:New York Mercantile Exchange


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Conquering Chemistry

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. Paul August ☎ 01:30, September 7, 2005 (UTC)

Conquering Chemistry
Please don't tell me that textbooks are the next inherently notable thing. Denni ☯ 01:43, 2005 August 29 (UTC)
 * I don't know. We'll have to figure it out on a case-by-case basis for now. But this one is definately not notable, so delete. Alr 02:22, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete; non-notable. 91 googles. Jaxl | talk 02:26, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. WP:N, WP:V, WP:RS.— Encephalon |  ζ   07:54:36, 2005-08-29 (UTC)
 * Well, Amazon's heard of at least the first two. -Splash 18:49, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure I follow, Splash.— Encephalon |  ζ   08:10:51, 2005-08-31 (UTC)
 * Delete Dottore So 13:03, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - nothing is notable here. --Bhadani 15:17, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete most books by themselves are not-notable. If the author had an article, and that was kept, this could be mentioned there. -Splash 18:49, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep published by McGraw-Hill, Sydney, 2000. This passes the thousands of people test. WP aint paper. Klonimus 21:49, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Jachin 21:50, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I'm sure there are a lot of australian students out there who use this textbook, and would therefore be interested in reading about it ...which is enough for me.-Wandering oojah 05:10, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment If this does get deleted then Feuerwerk and Excel study guides ought to be considered as well. Caerwine 08:33, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * weak delete Not sure about this... seems that a published book is notable when a certain number are printed Roodog2k 00:13, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-notable textbook.  Claims of being most popular not sourced. Quale 16:17, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:Moondog King

Untitled
Need assistance in merging this article with another article of same individual Ed White.

title: Talk:Moondog King


text:
Talk:Keith Beauchamp (filmmaker)

Untitled
Having just attended a screening of The Untold Story of Emmett Till, at which the director lauded himself endlessly (and in the process silenced two of the subjects of his own film, Simeon Wright and Roosevelt Crawford, who were also present) I would be surprised if this self aggrandizing entry were not authored by Mr. Beauchamp himself. I think it should be reviewed for NPV.

Along the same lines, Beauchamp's claim that a police officer beat him up in 1989 has, as far as I know, never been independently verified. Was it reported in the press at the time? What city and club was it in? What were the names of the people who beat him? Did he file legal action? If so, where is the paperwork? Inquiring minds want to know.

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 4 external links on Keith Beauchamp (filmmaker). Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20050605083130/http://www.black-collegian.com/african/till2005-2nd.shtml to http://www.black-collegian.com/african/till2005-2nd.shtml
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20050425182448/http://www.newenglandfilm.com/news/archives/05january/beauchamp.htm to http://www.newenglandfilm.com/news/archives/05january/beauchamp.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20050619074353/http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20050422%2FREVIEWS%2F50418002%2F1023 to http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20050422%2FREVIEWS%2F50418002%2F1023
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20071017222956/http://nypress.com/18/33/film/crane.cfm to http://nypress.com/18/33/film/crane.cfm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 17:08, 2 January 2018 (UTC)

Look-over/rewrite
I'm going to tackle this page for a possible rewrite. I'll work in my sandbox so please leave suggestions here. Thanks! Light&highbeautyforever (talk) 19:40, 12 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Finally done. Light&highbeautyforever (talk) 21:19, 8 May 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Keith Beauchamp (filmmaker)


text: Category:1995 Atlantic hurricane season

title: Category:1995 Atlantic hurricane season


text:
Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Removal from the Order of Canada/Attempt 2

Removal from the Order of Canada
Self-renom. Ok, I figured it should try to get this going again. Just like with my Appointment article, some of the sections will be a bit wordy. I will go through that and fix it. Plus, only two photos are used and both are under CanadaCopyright. Zscout370 (Sound Off) 01:48, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: Previous FAC at Featured article candidates/Removal from the Order of Canada/Attempt 1. WegianWarrior 06:34, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Oops, I forgot to mention that. Zscout370 (Sound Off) 06:34, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Support, however I feel that the images (Image:Order Canada seal.png and Image:Ahenakew 1976.jpg) should be given a fair use rationale. Otehr than that, well written, well referened. WegianWarrior 07:04, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Fixed. I mainly said that those are the most free images we can use in the article or even find online. I cannot find the seal image anywhere else except for the Canada Gazette. Zscout370 (Sound Off) 07:10, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

Object Why isn't this integrated with the Appointment to the Order of Canada? Tony 10:57, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I've had a look at the 'Appointment' and 'Removal' articles, and still think that they should be merged. I read the opening paragraph of 'Removal' and made two grammatical corrections; please get someone to go through the whole article and correct the prose. I'm sorry, I can't bear to do it, because I think these awards are so much poppycock, and should be trashed in every country. In view of my bias, I suppose that it's (note your incorrect usage below, Zscout) only fair that I withdraw my objection. Tony 00:50, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I can fix the grammar, since that is something I can fix. But, as I mentioned before, this article was put up for merging and that request was denied. The main Order of Canada article is 30 kb long, which is getting close to being "too large" under Wikipedia rules. If I sounded harsh or unreasonable, I am sorry, but I respectfully ask if either you or Raul can strike out the objection by using and . Zscout370 (Sound Off) 00:55, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Both articles are forks of Order of Canada, which is also has the FA status. The Appointment article discusses the whole process of getting into the Order and examples of certain people having unique examples, like Rush, Wayne Gretzky, and Gordon Lightfoot. In this article, two people got kicked out of the Order and my main point with this article is how it can be done, what a person has to do in order to be kicked out and short sectionson the two folks who got removed from the Order. But, if you mean why both articles were nominated at different times, I was told I cannot flood FAC's and both articles are completely different in their own respects. Zscout370 (Sound Off) 16:26, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Also, the article was put up for deletion at Votes_for_deletion/Removal_from_the_Order_of_Canada, suggesting it should be merged to Order of Canada, but the VFD failed since I made the article into it's current state. Zscout370 (Sound Off) 17:23, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I also left a note at Tony's talk page: . Zscout370 (Sound Off) 23:40, 30 August 2005 (UTC)


text: Template:Capitals of Brazilian states

title: Template:Capitals of Brazilian states


text:
Talk:Duh

Fresh start
Even though the previous versions (which were of little use) were deleted, there probably should be an article (and/or in Wiktionary). Look, it's in the dictionary... --IByte 01:47, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I've gone ahead and wrote a new stub. My example may be a little too playful, though, feel free to improve. --IByte 15:52, 8 September 2005 (UTC)

I think it should be reflected that "duh" has been used so often that it is found to be acceptable and inoffensive in almost any circumstance. Agree? MafiaCapo 02:31, 9 June 2006 (UTC)

To make this page into something other than a dab it should include more than the dicdef. Perhaps something about where/why/when the word began. Taemyr 04:28, 1 June 2007 (UTC)

Homer
Even if his d'oh (or doh?) is more than a different spelling, surely i am not the only one confusing it with "duh". I associate that with Moose in Archie comics, dating from mid-century, where it seemed to indicate non-comprehension: he was pushing his intellect beyond its capabilities. Is that not part of the backstory of Homer's expression? --Jerzy•t 12:45, 11 July 2007 (UTC)

The article says "doy" came into use in the '80s, but I remember my big sister and her friends using it in the early/mid '70s. It might be a shortened form of the amazingly annoying "uh doy-hey" ... which seems forgotten by everyone who wasn't a teenager back then. Seems like some more research into this fascinating topic is called for!

The article says it d'oh! sounds similar to duh!. Really? kawaputra torque 16:31, 23 September 2007 (UTC) Maybe if you try hard enough but will you really try that hard? 99.230.152.143 01:03, 6 October 2007 (UTC)

Dih!
What about "dih"? It's similar, but distinct in usage. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.74.102.247 (talk) 17:57, August 26, 2007 (UTC)

I was wondering about the lack of "durhey". 204.108.8.5 19:55, 4 December 2007 (UTC)

Expand, merge or redirect
This page is a mere dictionary definition (something which Wikipedia is not). It explains the pronunciation, meaning and alleged origins of a slang term and provides some examples of usage of the term. It also includes several synonyms and related words. I can't find any encyclopedic content on this page. Nothing here rises past what I would expect to read in a truly great unabridged dictionary. The definitions and usage discussions belong over in Wiktionary where folks with the right skills, interests and lexical tools can more easily sort out the meanings and origins.

Options to fix the page here include:
 * 1) Expand the page with encyclopedic content - that is, content that goes well beyond the merely lexical.
 * 2) Redirect the page to a more general page on the appropriate sub-genre of slang.
 * 3) Replace the current contents with a soft-redirect to Wiktionary (usually done using the wi template).

Pending a better answer, I'm implementing option 3 for now. Rossami (talk) 21:56, 26 March 2008 (UTC)
 * I've expanded the disambiguation page Duh (disambiguation). As the page Duh could be expanded with encyclopedic content later, I suggest to move it to Duh (slang) to preserve its history, then to move Duh (disambiguation) to Duh, and finally to redirect the page Duh (slang) to Duh. Korg (talk) 16:54, 19 April 2008 (UTC)
 * I didn't realize there was a disambiguation page for that term. Should have realized that there's a page for almost any TLA.  I don't see any possibility for an actual article at "duh (slang)" that would ever rise above merely lexical content.  And even if it were, the content has already been moved to Wiktionary.  I recommend a simple move of the disambig page to this page.  However, I don't think a history merge makes sense so I'm going to execute the move via cut-and-paste.  Thanks.  Rossami (talk) 20:16, 19 April 2008 (UTC)
 * That's fine, thank you. I notice the page is protected; could you please unprotect it? Korg (talk) 14:21, 20 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Given the long-running pattern of vandalism in the page's edit history, I'm reluctant to unilaterally overturn John Reaves' decision to protect the page. Is there a specific change you need made?  Or can others comment on the continuing need for protection?  Rossami (talk) 14:33, 20 April 2008 (UTC)
 * I'm not against the protection of this page, since it has been subject to persistent vandalism, but I don't think it should be fully protected indefinitely. At least, the page should be semi-protected. I'll ask John Reaves. Thanks, Korg (talk) 15:59, 20 April 2008 (UTC)
 * He unprotected it. Cheers, Korg (talk) 20:50, 20 April 2008 (UTC)

Really, I think it could include the following: "Duh" is an expression used to convey the idea that a person's statement is so obvious that anyone would already be aware of the idea; even a mentally-challenged individual. The term originated at a time when making fun of mentally-challenged people was acceptable. In the 1940's and 1950's Warner Brothers Studios productions of Looney Toons animated cartoons often depicted "stupid" characters who would often precede a comment with "Duuhh....." —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.189.142.11 (talk • contribs)
 * 1) The usage of the term predates Warner Brothers by rather a lot. 2) Even if it didn't, your proposal is still a mere dictionary entry, something which Wikipedia is not.  Rossami (talk) 11:53, 20 April 2008 (UTC)

Band
There existed a band called DUH (Death's Ugly Head) that released at least two albums, "Blowhard" and "The Unholy Handjob", on Boner Rec and Alternative Tentacles. vanbauseneick 20:37, 04 Aug 2008 (CET)

"Well duh!" listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has identified a potential problem with the redirect Well duh! and has thus listed it for discussion. This discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2022 October 30 until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. Shhhnotsoloud (talk) 18:55, 30 October 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Duh


text:
George Clausen

Sir George Clausen (18 April 1852 – 22 November 1944) was a British artist working in oil and watercolour, etching, mezzotint, drypoint and occasionally lithographs. He was knighted in 1927.

Biography
George Clausen was born at 8 William Street in the Regents Park district of London on 18 April 1852, the son of a decorative artist of Danish descent and a Scottish mother. From 1867 to 1873, he attended design classes at the South Kensington Schools in London with great success. He then worked in the studio of Edwin Long RA and subsequently in Paris under Bouguereau and Tony Robert-Fleury at the Académie Julian. He was an admirer of the naturalism of the painter Jules Bastien-Lepage about whom he wrote in 1888 and 1892.

Clausen became one of the foremost modern painters of landscape and of peasant life, influenced to a certain extent by the Impressionists, with whom he shared the view that light is the real subject of landscape art. His pictures excel in rendering the appearance of things under flecking outdoor sunlight, or in the shady shelter of a barn or stable. His Girl at the Gate was acquired by the Chantrey Trustees and is now at the Tate Gallery. The Yale Center for British Art holds Clausen's Schoolgirls (1880), an urban scene, which it featured in its exhibit called "Britain in the World: 1860-Now."

Other landscapes included "The Fields in June" (1914) and "Midsummer Dawn" (1921). For the Imperial War Museum he painted the large, broadly decorative, "Gun Factory at Woolwich Arsenal" (1919). His decorative work also included "Renaissance" (1915) and decorations for the Hall at High Royd, Huddersfield, consisting of life-size figures in lunettes.

Clausen was a founding member of the New English Art Club in 1886. In 1895, he was elected an Associate of the Royal Academy, and a full Academician in 1906. He was elected as the Master of the Art Workers' Guild in 1909. As Professor of Painting at the Royal Academy he gave a memorable series of lectures to the students of the Schools, published as Six Lectures on Painting (1904) and Aims and Ideals in Art (1906).

Clausen was an official war artist during World War I. During the war his daughter's fiancé was killed; this event may have inspired his painting, Youth Mourning which shows a distressed young woman mourning in a desolate landscape. Clausen also contributed six lithographs on the theme Making Guns for the Government published print portfolio Britain's Efforts and Ideals.

In 1921 Clausen was an original Society of Graphic Art member and showed his work in their first exhibition.

He died at home in the village of Cold Ash in 1944 and was buried there next to his wife in the parish churchyard.

title: George Clausen


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/John F. Long Pool

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was deleted already. Woohookitty 11:19, 4 September 2005 (UTC)

John F. Long Pool
Subject is a non-notable community swimming pool. Sounds like a neat place to work from the in-depth staff bios, but sadly not encyclopedic. Fernando Rizo T/C 01:50, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not notable. Alr 02:23, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete; non-notable. Jaxl | talk 02:24, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as tripe. SaltyPig 02:32, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom --Joelito 03:21, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom. -- DS1953 04:50, August 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per Fernando Rizo— Encephalon |  ζ   07:15:20, 2005-08-29 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom. Dottore So 13:03, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - doesn't seem notable to me. I did attempt to find the copyvio when it was created. Rob Church Talk 19:14, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn - Jobe  6  21:42, August 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Signing a Wikipedian article, let alone with '666' is just lame. Jachin 21:51, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:Rōjū

Tanuma Okitsugu and Matsudaira Sadanobu were strong roju in the late Edo period. So the post was not necessarily irrelevant as the article currently says. -- Taku 01:50, August 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks. I'll look into that and alter the article as appropriate tonight. LordAmeth 11:25, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Rōjū


text:
Varna, New York

Varna is a hamlet (and census-designated place) located in Tompkins County, New York, United States. It is within the Town of Dryden. Varna is located near the west town line on New York State Route 366 (Dryden Road). Fall Creek flows past the town to Cayuga Lake.

title: Varna, New York


text:
Talk:Deputy Prime Minister of India

DPM
DPM, what the heck is that ? :-) sounds weird. Manik Raina 01:51, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Checked and found a link which is a govt website referring to the deputy prime minister as DPM. I guess it's accepted parlance. Manik Raina 01:55, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

Can you please update this? Who is the present deputy PM? The last shown is Advani, though there is a DPM after that. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 59.95.6.62 (talk) 12:53, 22 July 2009 (UTC)

Serial number
Shouldn't Charan Singh and Jagjivan Ram both be 3rd? Manasbose (talk) 12:27, 31 July 2020 (UTC)

Who was India’s first Deputy Prime Minister?
Who was India’s first Deputy Prime Minister? 202.89.67.0 (talk) 11:17, 19 February 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Deputy Prime Minister of India


text:
Frenzy (1982 video game)

Frenzy is a multidirectional shooter arcade video game published by Stern Electronics in 1982. It is a direct sequel to Berzerk; both games were developed by Alan McNeil. Frenzy's gameplay is fundamentally similar to Berzerk—the player enters a series of maze-like rooms containing armed robots and must shoot them to survive—but adds more variety. Ports were released for ColecoVision and ZX Spectrum.

Gameplay

The player must navigate a maze full of hostile robots. The goal of the game is to survive as long as possible and score points by killing robots and travelling from room to room. The game has no end other than the player losing all of his or her lives.

The player has a gun with which to shoot the robots and the low intelligence of the robots means that they can often be tricked into shooting one another. If the player lingers too long in a room, a bouncing smiley face (known as "Evil Otto") appears, and relentlessly chases the player. Evil Otto will destroy any robots in his way and can move through walls.

Differences from Berzerk
In Berzerk, the walls are all electrified and kill the player on contact. In Frenzy, some of the walls of the maze are composed of "dots" which can be shot. This opens up strategies such as blasting a hole in the side of a room through which to escape when in trouble. The solid walls, on the other hand, now reflect shots. The player can trick robots into killing themselves by standing on the opposite side of a reflective wall and letting them shoot themselves. The only wall that simply absorbs shots harmlessly as in the original is the closed door that appears behind the player when they enters a new room.

Neither type of wall is electrified in Frenzy, allowing the player to touch them without dying. The robots in Frenzy no longer kill the player on contact but now create small explosions when shot which can kill the player. It is no longer possible to kill robots by tricking them into walking into the now-harmless walls. There are two types of robots: skeletons and tanks. The two types have identical behavior, but the skeletons are more difficult to shoot from above or below due to the thinness of their sprite.

In Berzerk, Evil Otto was indestructible. In Frenzy, shooting him once changes him from a smiley face to a "neutral" face, and another shot converts him to a "frowny" face. Another shot kills him. However, each time Evil Otto is killed it makes him a little bit faster the next time he appears, which is usually immediately.

Every four mazes features interactive, decorative elements that were not present in Berzerk. In one room is a huge statue of Evil Otto, for example. Each one has a specific effect on gameplay for that one room. The order is: Big Otto, Power Plant, Central Computer, and Robot Factory. The Power Plant and the Central Computer are surrounded by walls made entirely of "dots", while Big Otto and the Robot Factory are surrounded by reflective walls with only one breakable "dot" in the corner, making them more difficult to hit.

In the Power Plant room, shooting the power plant once will disable it, and all robots in the room will stop moving. In the Central Computer room, shooting the computer will cause all the robots to start moving and firing erratically. They can be killed in this state. The Robot Factory will continue to spit out additional robots while the player remains in the stage, taunting as it does so. Shooting the factory normally has no effect, although, in the Coleco port, shooting the factory will disable it and stop the endless stream of robots.

In the Big Otto room, if the player kills Evil Otto, not only does he immediately respawn as usual, but the Big Otto sends four more Ottos onto the screen, all moving at top speed. Like the Robot Factory, shooting Big Otto has no effect. Big Otto starts out with closed eyes and a neutral expression, but kill all of the robots in the room, and his face turns into a slight frown (only in the Coleco port). When Evil Otto is killed, his expression changes to one of rage, with glowing red eyes and a frowning mouth. He also smiles when the player dies, though his eyes remain the same as before, either closed or open.

Finally, the robots in Frenzy are less talkative than those in Berzerk, only speaking in a few specific situations. They say "Robot attack!" when Evil Otto appears, "Charge attack shoot kill destroy" when the player kills Otto, "The humanoid must not destroy the robot" when entering the Big Otto room, "The humanoid..." when shooting the Central Computer, and the dialogue randomly alternates between "A robot must get the humanoid" and "A robot, not a chicken" when the Robot Factory dispenses a new robot. The constant background chatter of the original game is gone.

Reception
In a 1982 review, Electronic Games magazine wrote, "Frenzy passes all the requirements for a good follow-up arcade machine."

Legacy
A conversion of the game for the Atari 7800 was created by Bob DeCrescenzo with assistance from original Frenzy developer Alan McNeil, and sold through AtariAge.

On March 16, 2023, Atari announced that it had acquired the intellectual property rights to 12 Stern Electronics titles, including Berzerk and Frenzy.

title: Frenzy (1982 video game)


text:
Saint Francis School (Hawaii)

Saint Francis School was a private Roman Catholic school located in Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, in the United States. It was founded in 1924 by the Sisters of Saint Francis of the Neumann Communities. It had an enrollment limited to just over 500 in grades PK through 12. The school closed in 2019.

History
The school started at Saint Francis Convent in 1924 to educate young women who joined the Franciscan Sisters. It was founded in memory of Mother Marianne Cope, who came to Hawai‘i in 1883 with six other Franciscan Sisters of the Neumann Communities in answer to the call for aid of victims of this disease by King David Kalākaua.

In the fall of 2006, the school announced that it will be a co-ed school. The school became fully co-ed in school year 2012-2013.

In 2019, after the school's winter break, Saint Francis School was announced to close after the 2018-2019 school year.

Notable Alum

Simeona (Ahuna) Mariano -- Assistant Attorney General, Hawai'i, c/o 96

title: Saint Francis School (Hawaii)


text:
File:Frenzy (1982 video game - screenshot).png

Summary
A screenshot taken in MAME by user Nandesuka of the arcade game Frenzy


text:
Lugard

Lugard may refer to:
 * Edward Lugard, British army officer.
 * Sir Frederick Lugard, 1st Baron Lugard, British colonial bureaucrat and military officer.
 * Lugard Footbridge, in Kaduna, Nigeria, named after Baron Lugard.
 * Lugard Road, one of many places in Hong Kong named after Baron Lugard.
 * PS Lugard, a Uganda Railway paddle steamer named after Baron Lugard and built in 1927.
 * PS Lugard II, a Kenya and Uganda Railways and Harbours paddle steamer named after Baron Lugard and built in 1946.
 * Lugard is also the capital city of Murandy in the Wheel of Time series of novels by Robert Jordan.

title: Lugard


text:
Big Five (California politics)

The Big Five is an informal institution of California state government, consisting of the governor, the Assembly speaker, the Assembly minority leader, the Senate president pro tempore, and the Senate minority leader. Historically, members of the Big Five met in private to negotiate California's state government budget. These meetings were held under governors George Deukmejian, Pete Wilson, Gray Davis, and Arnold Schwarzenegger.

In 2010, California voters passed Proposition 25, which reduced the threshold to pass a budget from a 2/3 supermajority to a simple majority. As a result, the votes of legislators from the minority party were no longer needed for the legislature to pass a budget, reducing the impact of the minority leaders on budget negotiations. However, a 2/3 supermajority was still required if the budget contained tax increases.

Current members

 * Governor: Gavin Newsom (Democrat)
 * Assembly Speaker: Robert Rivas (Democrat)
 * Assembly Minority Leader: James Gallagher (Republican)
 * Senate President pro tempore: Toni Atkins (Democrat)
 * Senate Minority Leader: Brian Jones (Republican)

GOP 5
During budget talks in 2011, five Republican state senators broke with their party and were willing to negotiate with Governor Jerry Brown about placing propositions on the ballot to extend tax increases. The five senators, known as the "GOP 5" as a tribute to the "big 5", were Tom Berryhill, Sam Blakeslee, Anthony Cannella, Bill Emmerson, and Tom Harman.

authors: Я сошла с ума

title: Big Five (California politics)


text:
Talk:Tsuen Wan Government Secondary School

Infobox-school
If someone could figure out why the infobox looks a l'il funnie, lemme know... Compare it with other uses - e.g. on the official template page at Template_talk:Infobox_School or when I edited West Island School...  It seems like it happens on a random basis.. Sometimes it looks fine, sometimes it doesn't. --Mintchocicecream 01:57, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

Assessment
I am assessing this article after a request. A good Start article with a quite a few sections of encyclopedic info, a info-box, and some pictures. Could do with more references on content, as well as a dedicated references section. More expansion would be good, giving more sourced info on history, curriculum, and campus would help the article a lot. Giving low importance for now, though some of the articles content indicates it could be given a higher importance in future. Camaron1 | Chris 13:52, 22 October 2007 (UTC)


text: Category:Elections in North Macedonia

title: Category:Elections in North Macedonia


text:
Ralph Cochrane

Air Chief Marshal Sir Ralph Alexander Cochrane, (24 February 1895 – 17 December 1977) was a British aviator and Royal Air Force officer, perhaps best known for his role in Operation Chastise, the famous "Dambusters" raid.

Early life
Ralph Cochrane was born on 24 February 1895, the youngest son of Thomas Cochrane, 1st Baron Cochrane of Cults, in the Scottish village of Springfield, Fife. To qualify as a naval officer, he joined the Royal Naval College, Osborne in 1908, and the Royal Naval College, Dartmouth, two years later. On 15 September 1912, he was commissioned into the Royal Navy as a midshipman.

First World War
During the First World War, Cochrane served in the Royal Naval Air Service piloting airships. He also completed a tour as a staff officer in the Admiralty's Airship Department.

Interwar period
In January 1920, Cochrane was removed from the Navy List and granted a commission in the Royal Air Force. He served in various staff positions and commanded No. 3 Squadron from 1924 before attending the RAF Staff College and commanding No. 8 Squadron from 1929. He attended the Imperial Defence College in 1935.

At the request of Group Captain T. M. Wilkes, New Zealand Director of Air Services, the Air Ministry sent Cochrane to New Zealand in 1936 as an advisor for the establishment of a military aviation service that would be independent of the army. His report and recommendations was produced at the end of the year and this would lead to the creation of the Royal New Zealand Air Force (RNZAF). He was subsequently invited to lead the raising of the RNZAF and on 1 April 1937, he was appointed Chief of the Air Staff (CAS), the rank of group captain. For the next two years, he worked on the expansion of the RNZAF in line with his recommendations, including the establishment of a flying training school at Wigram Air Base. In March 1939, his term as CAS ended.

Second World War and the post-war years
During the Second World War, Cochrane commanded No. 7 Group from July 1940, No. 3 Group from September 1942 and No. 5 Group from February 1943; all these Groups were in RAF Bomber Command. No. 5 Group became the most efficient and elite Main Force bomber group undertaking spectacular raids. Cochrane commanded the Dam-Busters raid. There was intense, sometimes openly hostile, rivalry between Cochrane and Air Vice Marshal Don Bennett, who saw Cochrane's experimentation with low-level target marking through 617 Squadron in 1944 as a direct threat to his own specialist squadrons' reputation. In February 1945, Cochrane became Air Officer Commanding at RAF Transport Command, a position he held until 1947 when he became Air Officer Commanding at RAF Flying Training Command. During this time he managed the Berlin Airlift. In 1950 Cochrane was appointed Vice-Chief of the Air Staff. Ralph Cochrane retired from the service in 1952. Following his retirement, Cochrane entered the business world notably as director of Rolls-Royce. He was also chairman of RJM exports which manufactured scientific models and is now known as Cochranes of Oxford.

Honours and awards
In the 1939 New Year Honours, Cochrane was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (Military Division). In the New Year Honours 1943 Cochrane was invested as a Companion of the Order of the Bath (Military Division). In the 1945 New Years Honour list he was invested as a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire. In the 1948 King's Birthday Honours he was invested as a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath. In the 1950 King's Birthday Honours, he was invested as a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire.

title: Ralph Cochrane


text: Category:Samurai

title: Category:Samurai


text: Wikipedia talk:Productivity of Wikipedia Authors


text:
T with stroke

Ŧ (lowercase: ŧ, Latin alphabet), known as T with stroke or T with bar, is the 25th letter in the Northern Sámi alphabet, where it represents the voiceless dental fricative. In the SENĆOŦEN alphabet, it represents [s̪]. It is also used in the Hualapai alphabet. The Unicode codepoints for this letter are and. Other letters with a stroke include ǥ, ħ, đ, ł, and ø.

title: T with stroke