text: User talk:83.36.203.127

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:83.36.203.127


text:
Rolls-Royce Eagle (1944)

The Rolls-Royce Eagle Mk XXII is a British 24-cylinder, sleeve valve, H-block aero engine of 46 litre (2,807 cubic inches) displacement. It was designed and built in the early-1940s by Rolls-Royce Limited and first ran in 1944. It was liquid-cooled, of flat H configuration with two crankshafts and was capable of 3,200 horsepower (2,387 kW) at 18 psi boost.

Design and development
The Rolls-Royce design team realised that producing a scaled-up version of their Griffon V-12 engine would lead to excessively large combustion chambers and problems with detonation. The team concluded that a larger number of small cylinders would be the answer and considered an X-24 design. This layout had previously caused unreliability with the Rolls-Royce Vulture due to the need to fasten four connecting rods in a complicated arrangement to a common big end bearing.

The designers finally settled on an 'H' layout with two crankshafts and 'blade and fork' connecting rod attachments, the crankshafts being connected through the propeller speed reduction unit. The new engine followed the layout of the Napier Sabre and similarly used sleeve valves but with a simplified drive system.

A two-speed, two-stage supercharger and intercooler were used to compress then cool the air-fuel mixture, following Griffon and Merlin practice. Starting was by Coffman starter. An auxiliary shaft driven by the lower crankshaft operated the main coolant pump, intercooler coolant pump, pressure and scavenge oil pumps and a fuel injection pump. Piston ring failures and cylinder head sealing problems were experienced during early flight testing.

Applications
The Eagle was never fitted to a production front-line fighter, as it was overshadowed by a new wave of turbojet engines, such as the Rolls-Royce Derwent and turboprops such as the Dart and Armstrong Siddeley Python. Fifteen Eagle 22s were produced to power prototypes of the Westland Wyvern fighter/torpedo bomber because of delay in the development of the Python.

Supermarine specified the Eagle in their 1944 proposal for a single-engined Naval fighter, the Type 391, but the proposal was not followed up.

Variants
46H Eagle I
 * (1944) - Compression ratio 6.5:1.

46H Eagle II
 * (1944) - Modified Eagle I.

46H Eagle (20 srs) 22
 * (1946-1949) - Increased compression ratio (7:1), 3,500 hp at 3,500 rpm and 28 lb boost. Fifteen engines produced at the Derby Rolls-Royce factory. First flown in a Westland Wyvern on 16 December 1946.

Engines on display

 * An Eagle 22 with some of the cowling panels removed to display the engine can be seen fitted to Westland Wyvern TF1, VR137, at the Fleet Air Arm Museum, RNAS Yeovilton. This pre-production aircraft never flew.

title: Rolls-Royce Eagle (1944)


text:
Talk:List of United States Naval officer designators

Untitled
Should this be moved to: List of Naval Officer designations (i.e. lowercase 'd')? Thryduulf 15:31, 26 August 2005 (UTC) Actually, do any of the words need capitalising? - i.e. should the article be at List of naval officer designations? Thryduulf 15:34, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

More complete list of LDO/CWO designators found here: Jigen III 14:48, 9 May 2006 (UTC)

No more USNR
I understand that there is no longer a distinction between USN and USNR officers regardless of whether they are active duty, drilling reservists or in the Individual Ready Reserve (also known as the Inactive Reserve). I believe this policy changed earlier this year in order to further integrate the active and reserve components.

We should probably update this wiki to reflect this.

Designators still reflect active/reserve status in the last digit. 5 is reserve, 0 is active duty — Preceding unsigned comment added by 198.7.238.13 (talk) 13:49, 9 May 2013 (UTC)

Other designation systems
I think I've seen another navy officer designation system that used D, E, M.C., S.C., and a few other letters. I think M.C. and S.C. referred to medical and supply specialties respectively. Is that an old system or does it refer to something else? 69.12.155.64 00:51, 16 April 2007 (UTC)

 * These aren't actually a designation system. Staff Officers (Civil Engineers, Supply Officers and Doctors, for example) are organized into corps (Civil Engineering Corps, Supply Corps and Medical Corps, respectively), and when referred to in writing are formally distinguished from Line officers by listing the abbreviation for their corps (CEC, SC, MC, to continue with the previous examples) alongside their name and rank (for example, a Line Officer would be listed as John Smith, LT, USN, whereas a doctor would be listed as John Smith, LT, MC, USN). CruiserBob 03:34, 16 April 2007 (UTC)

Title
As this article appears to only apply to the US Navy, I would suggest moving it, using the Move button on the top of the page to something like List of United States Naval Officer Designators or something similar. Unless this also applies to other navies, which should be made clear in the lead section. This is to avoid the appearance that the page is "US-centric" as Wikipedia is worldwide. Mr.Z-man  talk ¢ 20:41, 16 April 2007 (UTC)
 * The article has been moved, per this suggestion and the above section from 26 August 2005. Chris the speller   yack  04:23, 29 March 2017 (UTC)

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USCG officers
Does the Coast Guard have a similar system to identify its officers? 104.153.40.58 (talk) 02:12, 13 July 2023 (UTC)


text:
Wow! (Bananarama album)

Wow! is the fourth studio album by English group Bananarama, released on 4 September 1987 by London Records. The album was entirely produced and co-written with the Stock Aitken Waterman production trio. Tensions between group member Siobhan Fahey and Stock, Aitken and Waterman regarding songwriting input and lyrical content (particularly with the track "Strike It Rich") prompted Fahey's departure from Bananarama five months after its release. The album reached number 26 on the UK Albums Chart and number 44 on the US Billboard 200, while peaking at number one in Australia. The album was certified gold by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) on 3 February 1988.

Background and writing
The group's sound successfully shifted towards dance-oriented Europop under the direction of Pete Waterman, but the creative process on the project was often fraught, with Matt Aitken describing the band's contribution to song writing as minimal outside of suggesting song titles. Karen Hewitt, who was the engineer at the songwriting sessions made clear that Bananarama very much tried to be involved in the creative process but that this was not made easy by Mike and Matt who wanted to work very quickly. Bananarama were, however, very assertive and opinionated during the sessions.

While Fahey often clashed with Waterman, and claimed she was responsible for having him banned him from the studio, tensions during recording of the album commonly centred on a struggle for dominance between Aitken and the band. By the time the album's fourth single, "I Want You Back", was released in March 1988, Fahey had been replaced with Jacquie O'Sullivan, who re-recorded the vocals for the single version of the song. Fahey would resurface later in 1988 with her new band, Shakespears Sister.

Wow! was reissued in 2013 as a three-disc deluxe edition, including "Reason for Living", which is an early version of "I Want You Back".

Critical reception
American magazine Cashbox placed Wow! into "Out of the Box" section among the best albums of the week with the comment: "The songwriting/production team of Stock Aitken Waterman has laid down the funky programmed synth grooves in full force on this effort destined for serious airplay." Jose F. Promis of AllMusic praised the "quite intoxicating" five singles from the album, but criticized "Some Girls" as being "dated", "Strike It Rich" as "an inferior version of "I Can't Help It"", and "Bad for Me" which "unintentionally highlights the trio's vocal limitations"; however, he said as a conclusion that the album is "sure to please fans of Bananarama, or any fans of the Stock, Aitken & Waterman sound". In a review published by Smash Hits, Chris Heath considered that the album contains "four rather brillant songs", namely "I Heard a Rumour", "Bad for Me", "Once in a Lifetime" and "Love in the First Degree", and added that "the rest isn't bad either though there are a few bits where they still sound completely useless". Retrospectively, in 2018, Mark Elliot of Classic Pop considered Wow! as the second best album ever produced by Stock Aitken Waterman, adding that "Bananarama's decision to embrace high-camp pop was a commercial triumph".

Track listing
All songs written by Sara Dallin, Siobhan Fahey, Keren Woodward, Mike Stock, Matt Aitken and Pete Waterman, except where noted.

LP
 * 1) "I Can't Help It" – 3:32
 * 2) "I Heard a Rumour" – 3:25
 * 3) "Some Girls" – 4:19
 * 4) "Love in the First Degree" – 3:33
 * 5) "Once in a Lifetime" – 4:05
 * 6) "Strike It Rich" – 3:25
 * 7) "Bad for Me" – 3:39
 * 8) "Come Back" – 3:40 (Richard Feldman, Nick Trevisick)
 * 9) "Nathan Jones" – 5:12 (Kathy Wakefield, Leonard Caston)
 * 10) "I Want You Back" – 3:53

CD and cassette
 * 1) "I Can't Help It" – 3:32
 * 2) "I Heard a Rumour" – 3:25
 * 3) "Some Girls" (12" Version) – 5:47
 * 4) "Love in the First Degree" – 3:33
 * 5) "Once in a Lifetime" – 4:05
 * 6) "Strike It Rich" (12" version) – 6:01
 * 7) "Bad for Me" – 3:39
 * 8) "Come Back" – 3:40 (Richard Feldman, Nick Trevisick)
 * 9) "Nathan Jones" – 5:12 (Kathy Wakefield, Leonard Caston)
 * 10) "I Want You Back" – 3:53

Australian CD (CDLIB5146)
 * 1) "I Can't Help It" – 3:32
 * 2) "I Heard a Rumour" – 3:25
 * 3) "Some Girls" – 4:19
 * 4) "Love in the First Degree" – 3:33
 * 5) "Once in a Lifetime" – 4:05
 * 6) "Strike It Rich" – 3:25
 * 7) "Bad for Me" – 3:39
 * 8) "Come Back" – 3:40 (Richard Feldman, Nick Trevisick)
 * 9) "Nathan Jones" – 5:12 (Kathy Wakefield, Leonard Caston)
 * 10) "I Want You Back" – 3:47
 * 11) "Some Girls" (12" Version) – 5:47
 * 12) "Strike It Rich" (12" Version) – 6:01
 * 13) "The Bananarama Mega-Mix" – 7:31

LP (limited edition double vinyl)
 * 1) "I Can't Help It" – 3:32
 * 2) "I Heard a Rumour" – 3:25
 * 3) "Some Girls" – 4:19
 * 4) "Love in the First Degree" – 3:33
 * 5) "Once in a Lifetime" – 4:05
 * 6) "Strike It Rich" – 3:25
 * 7) "Bad for Me" – 3:39
 * 8) "Come Back" – 3:40 (Richard Feldman, Nick Trevisick)
 * 9) "Nathan Jones" – 5:12 (Kathy Wakefield, Leonard Caston)
 * 10) "I Want You Back" – 3:53
 * 11) "The Bananarama Mega-Mix" – 7:26
 * 12) "Mr. Sleaze" (Rare Groove Remix)
 * 13) "Ecstasy" (Wild Style) – 5:37

2007 CD re-issue bonus tracks
 * 1) "I Can't Help It" – 3:32
 * 2) "I Heard a Rumour" – 3:25
 * 3) "Some Girls" – 4:21
 * 4) "Love in the First Degree" – 3:33
 * 5) "Once in a Lifetime" – 4:05
 * 6) "Strike it Rich" – 2:18
 * 7) "Bad for Me" – 3:39
 * 8) "Come Back" – 3:40 (Richard Belman, Nick Trevisick)
 * 9) "Nathan Jones" – 5:12 (Kathy Wakefield, Leonard Caston)
 * 10) "I Want You Back" – 3:53
 * 11) "Clean Cut Boy" (Party Size) – 4:39 (Sara Dallin, Siobhan Fahey, Keren Woodward, Ian Curnow)
 * 12) "Mr. Sleaze" – 4:44
 * 13) "Ecstasy" (Wild Style) – 5:37
 * 14) "Nathan Jones" (Psycho 7-inch edit) – 3:03 (Kathy Wakefield, Leonard Caston)
 * 15) "I Want You Back" (Single Version) – 3:47
 * 16) "Amnesia" (Theme from The Roxy) – 6:28 (Mike Stock, Matt Aitken, Pete Waterman)
 * 17) "Nathan Jones" (single version) – 3:18 (Kathy Wakefield, Leonard Caston)

2013 deluxe edition 2CD/DVD re-issue

Disc 1
 * 1) "I Can't Help It" – 3:32
 * 2) "I Heard a Rumour" – 3:25
 * 3) "Some Girls" – 4:19
 * 4) "Love in the First Degree" – 3:33
 * 5) "Once in a Lifetime" – 4:05
 * 6) "Strike It Rich" – 3:25
 * 7) "Bad for Me" – 3:39
 * 8) "Come Back" – 3:40 (Richard Belman, Nick Trevisick)
 * 9) "Nathan Jones" (Bass Tone Mix) – 5:34 (Kathy Wakefield, Leonard Caston)
 * 10) "I Want You Back" – 3:53
 * 11) "Clean Cut Boy" (Party Size) – 4:43
 * 12) "Mr Sleaze" – 4:49
 * 13) "Ecstasy" – 4:11
 * 14) "Amnesia" (12" extended version) – 6:26
 * 15) "I Heard a Rumour" (Horoscope Mix) – 5:57
 * 16) "Love in the First Degree" (Jailers Mix with intro) - 6:19
 * 17) "I Can't Help It" (extended club mix) – 8:03

Disc 2
 * 1) "Love in the First Degree" (Love in the House Mix) – 8:33
 * 2) "I Heard a Rumour" (House Mix) – 7:22
 * 3) "I Can't Help It" (The Hammond Version Excursion) – 6:33
 * 4) "Reason for Living" (12" master) – 6:08
 * 5) "Some Girls" (12" version) – 5:46
 * 6) "Strike It Rich" (12" version) – 5:59
 * 7) "I Heard a Rumour" (original 12" mix) – 7:06
 * 8) "Nathan Jones" (original 12" mix) – 5:45
 * 9) "I Want You Back" (original 12" mix) – 7:18
 * 10) "Ecstasy" (Chicago House Stylee) – 5:57
 * 11) "I Heard a Rumour" (dub) – 5:18
 * 12) "Mr Sleaze" (Rare Groove Remix) – 6:02

DVD
 * 1) "I Heard a Rumour"
 * 2) "Love in the First Degree"
 * 3) "Mr Sleaze"
 * 4) "I Can't Help It"
 * 5) "I Want You Back"
 * 6) "Love, Truth and Honesty"
 * 7) "Nathan Jones"
 * 8) "Help!"
 * 9) "I Can't Help It" (12" version)
 * 10) "I Want You Back" (alternative version)
 * 11) "I Heard a Rumour" (on Top of the Pops)
 * 12) "I Want You Back" (on Going Live)
 * 13) "Love, Truth and Honesty" (on Top of the Pops)
 * 14) "Nathan Jones" (on Wogan)

Notes on "Some Girls" and "Strike It Rich"

 * The original LP release of the album included album versions of both songs (4:19 and 3:25, respectively).
 * The original CD included 12-inch versions ( 5:47 and 6:00, respectively).
 * The 2007 re-issue of Wow! contains the album version of "Some Girls" and contains the shortened faded version of "Strike it Rich" (12" Version) from the "Love, Truth & Honesty – The Remixes" 12" Single – 2:18.

Notes on "Nathan Jones" and "I Want You Back"

The album contains what is now known as the 'Bass Tone Mix' of "Nathan Jones" and most versions of Wow! contain the album version of "I Want You Back", with some exceptions. Notably, the Australian CD and cassette releases contain the single version of "I Want You Back", which was re-recorded with Jacquie O'Sullivan though this was not noted in the booklet or on the release packaging.

Personnel
Bananarama
 * Sara Dallin – vocals
 * Siobhan Fahey – vocals
 * Keren Woodward – vocals
 * Jacquie O'Sullivan – vocals on the single version of "I Want You Back" (uncredited)

Musicians
 * Mike Stock – keyboards and Linn programmes
 * Matt Aitken – guitar, keyboards and Linn programmes
 * John O'Hara – keyboards
 * A. Linn – drums
 * Pete Waterman – additional drum patterns
 * Ian Curnow – Fairlight programming
 * Pete Hammond – mixer
 * Phil Harding – assistant mixer
 * Mark McGuire – engineer
 * Burni Adams – tape operator
 * Freddy Bastone – mixer on "Nathan Jones"

Additional personnel
 * Hillary Shaw – manager
 * Peter Barrett – sleeve design
 * Andrew Biscomb – sleeve design
 * Andy Earl – photography
 * Carrie Branovan – additional photography
 * Herb Ritts – gatefold sleeve photography

title: Wow! (Bananarama album)


text:
User talk:Antibully

Hi. Are you a sockpuppet of any other user? Thanks! Hipocrite 15:32, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Antibully


text: User talk:205.202.36.172

title: User talk:205.202.36.172


text:
Evolutionarily stable state

A population can be described as being in an evolutionarily stable state when that population's "genetic composition is restored by selection after a disturbance, provided the disturbance is not too large" (Maynard Smith, 1982). This population as a whole can be either monomorphic or polymorphic. This is now referred to as convergent stability.

History & connection to evolutionary stable strategy
While related to the concept of an evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS), evolutionarily stable states are not identical and the two terms cannot be used interchangeably.

An ESS is a strategy that, if adopted by all individuals within a population, cannot be invaded by alternative or mutant strategies. This strategy becomes fixed in the population because alternatives provide no fitness benefit that would be selected for. In comparison, an evolutionarily stable state describes a population that returns as a whole to its previous composition even after being disturbed. In short: the ESS refers to the strategy itself, uninterrupted and supported through natural selection, while the evolutionarily stable state refers more broadly to a population-wide balance of one or more strategies that may be subjected to temporary change.

The term ESS was first used by John Maynard Smith in an essay from the 1972 book On Evolution. Maynard Smith developed the ESS drawing in part from game theory and Hamilton's work on the evolution of sex ratio. The ESS was later expanded upon in his book Evolution and the Theory of Games in 1982, which also discussed the evolutionarily stable state.

Mixed v. single strategies
There has been variation in how the term is used and exploration of under what conditions an evolutionarily stable state might exist. In 1984, Benhard Thomas compared "discrete" models in which all individuals use only one strategy to "continuous" models in which individuals employ mixed strategies. While Maynard Smith had originally defined an ESS as being a single "uninvadable strategy," Thomas generalized this to include a set of multiple strategies employed by individuals. In other words, a collection of simultaneously present strategies could be considered uninvadable as a group. Thomas noted that evolutionary stability can exist in either model, allowing for an evolutionarily stable state to exist even when multiple strategies are used within the population.

Mathematical formulation & evolutionary game theory
The strategy employed by individuals (or ESS) is thought to depend on fitness: the better the strategy is at supporting fitness, the more likely the strategy is to be used. When it comes to an evolutionarily stable state, all of the strategies used within the population must have equal fitness. While the equilibrium may be disturbed by external factors, the population is considered to be in an evolutionarily stable state if it returns to the equilibrium state after the disturbance.

One of the base mathematical models for identifying an evolutionarily stable state was outlined by Taylor & Jonker in 1978. Their base equilibrium model for ES states stipulates that "p) < F(p"In greater detail, the Taylor & Jonker model can be understood this way In a game of individuals in competition with each other there are (N) possible strategies available. Thus each individual is using one of these (N) strategies. If we denote each strategy as I we let S_i be the proportion of individuals who are currently using strategy I. Then S=(S_1 -> S_n) is a probability vector (i.e. S ≥ 0 and S_1 + S_2... + S_n = 1) this is called the state vector of the population. Using this the function F(i|s) can be made, F(i|s) refers to the fitness of I in state S. The state vector of the population (S) is not static. The idea behind it is that the more fit a strategy at the moment the more likely it is to be employed in the future, thus the state vector (S) will change. Using game theory we can look how (S) changes over time and try to figure out in what state it has reached an equilibrium.

Let K be the set of all probability vectors  of length N, this is the state space of the population. Thus element P in K represents a possible strategy mix. A state P in K is called an equilibrium state if F(i|p) is equal for all pure strategies i for which P_i > 0, That is, supp(p) = {i :p,≠0}. If Q is in K: F(q|p) + (ΣQ_1 x F(i|p). We can see F(q|p) as the expected fitness of an individual using mixed strategy Q against the population in state P. If P is an equilibrium state and the supp(q) is contained in supp(p) then F(q|p) = F(q|p).(supp(p) are the I's for which P_i > 0). Thus a state p is called an ESS (evolutionary stable state) if for every state Q ≠ P, if we let p̅=(1-ε)p + εq (the perturbed state), then F(q|p) < F(p|p̅) for sufficiently small ε>0 In summary, a state P is evolutionarily stable whenever a small change from P to state p̅ the expected fitness in the perturbed state is less than the expected fitness of the remaining population.

Additional proposals
It has been suggested by Ross Cressman that criteria for evolutionary stability include strong stability, as it would describe evolution of both frequency and density (whereas Maynard Smith's model focused on frequency). Cressman further demonstrated that in habitat selection games modeling only a single species, the ideal free distribution (IFD) is itself an evolutionarily stable state containing mixed strategies.

In evolutionary game theory
Evolutionary game theory as a whole provides a theoretical framework examining interactions of organisms in a system where individuals have repeated interactions within a population that persists on an evolutionarily relevant timescale. This framework can be used to better understand the evolution of interaction strategies and stable states, though many different specific models have been used under this framework. The Nash Equilibrium (NE) and folk theorem are closely related to the evolutionarily stable state. There are various potential refinements proposed to account for different theory games and behavioral models.

For the purpose of predicting evolutionary outcomes, the replicator equation is also a frequently utilized tool. Evolutionarily stable states are often taken as solutions to the replicator equation, here in linear payoff form:
 * $$\dot{x_i}=x_i\left(\left(Ax\right)_i-x^TAx\right),$$

The state $$\hat{x}$$ is said to be evolutionarily stable if for all $$x \neq \hat{x}$$ in some neighborhood of $$\hat{x}$$.
 * $$x^TAx < \hat{x}^TAx$$

title: Evolutionarily stable state


text:
WNZR

WNZR, operating at a frequency of 90.9 FM MHz, signed on the air in October 1986. The station is owned and operated by Mount Vernon Nazarene University. The station's studios are located in Founders Hall and are part of the University's Communication Department and the School of Arts and Humanities. WNZR's broadcast tower and transmitter building is located off of Glen Road on the east end of the campus. The station serves a dual purpose as a laboratory for radio broadcasting classes and a broadcast ministry of MVNU.

WNZR is licensed by the Federal Communications Commission as a non-commercial educational (NCE) station, and is located in the NCE range of the FM bandwidth. WNZR was originally licensed to operate around 140 watts. In May 2008, the station was approved for a power increase up to 1300 watts and went live with a new transmitter on May 21, 2010. WNZR's signal now reaches into bordering counties (Licking, Morrow, and Richland). WNZR also streams online at www.wnzr.fm and has a smartphone app available on both the Google Play/Android platform and on the iTunes App Store.

WNZR is funded through support from the university's general academic budget, donations from listeners, and underwriting support from area businesses and organizations. It operates 24 hours a day, seven days a week, 365 days a year, broadcasting primarily an Adult Contemporary (AC) Christian music format, along with a variety of Christian teaching programs and athletic events. Core music artists at WNZR include Natalie Grant, Chris Tomlin, Casting Crowns, Third Day, MercyMe, Toby Mac, Jeremy Camp, Mandisa, Building 429, Steven Curtis Chapman, Francesca Battistelli, For King & Country, and the Newsboys.

title: WNZR


text:
1960–61 NHL season

The 1960–61 NHL season was the 44th season of the National Hockey League. The Chicago Black Hawks defeated the Detroit Red Wings in the Stanley Cup Finals four games to two to win the Stanley Cup. It was the first series since with two American-based teams. It was Chicago's first Cup win since ; they would not win another until.

Red Wings' forward Gordie Howe became the first player in NHL history to score 1,000 regular-season points. It took seven more seasons before the Montreal Canadiens' Jean Beliveau would match the feat.

League business
The original Hart Trophy was retired, as all its plaques were filled and its general condition had deteriorated. A new trophy was commissioned and the award was renamed the Hart Memorial Trophy.

Off-season
On September 15, 1960, Maurice "Rocket" Richard announced his retirement from hockey. During his career, he had led all scorers with a record 544 goals plus an additional 82 goals in the playoffs. Despite the league expanding the number of games in a season to 70 games from 50 since Richard's famous 50 goals in 50 games, Richard remained the only player to score 50 goals in a season, until this season.

Regular season
By this season, the Chicago Black Hawks were a strong team. They had an especially powerful defence, which had Pierre Pilote, Al Arbour, Jack Evans, and Elmer Vasko. Up front, youngsters Bobby Hull and Stan Mikita led the offense, and goaltender Glenn Hall was the Hawks' steady presence between the pipes.

It was reported that Eddie Shore, the great Boston Bruins defenceman and four-time league MVP from the 1930s, had been stricken with a heart attack, but was resting comfortably in a Springfield, Massachusetts hospital.

On October 13, the Canadiens routed the Rangers 8–4, with Bernie Geoffrion and Dickie Moore each scoring hat tricks.

Jack McCartan got his only NHL shutout for the New York Rangers by blanking the Black Hawks 2–0 on October 19. Chicago's Reg Fleming set a record with 37 penalty minutes in this game. They included three major penalties for battles with Dean Prentice, Eddie Shack, and John Hanna, a misconduct, and a game misconduct.

On December 1, the Canadiens, who had traded André Pronovost to Boston for Jean-Guy Gendron, defeated the Toronto Maple Leafs 6–3 at the Montreal Forum. Gendron had a goal, but the main feature was the 21 penalties referee Frank Udvari had to call, including several majors in the third period. Henri Richard took on Frank Mahovlich, Dickie Moore squared off with Bob Pulford, and Marcel Bonin scrapped with Bobby Baun. Toronto general manager and head coach George "Punch" Imlach was in a bad mood following the game and said to the press among other things that Udvari and linesmen Loring Doolittle and George Hayes should have been picked as the three stars for the help they gave to Montreal. Imlach's comments were brought to the attention of NHL president Clarence Campbell, who fined the Leafs bench boss $200.

In the new year, Stan Mikita helped to spark Chicago. He scored two goals in a 3–2 win over the Rangers on January 4 and scored the winner when the Black Hawks beat Boston 4–3 the following night.

Former Canadiens defenceman Leo Lamoureux died in Indianapolis on January 11 at age 45.

Chicago defeated the Rangers 4–3 on March 8. New York goalie Gump Worsley pulled a hamstring muscle and Joe Shaefer replaced him with the score 1–1. The next night, the Rangers were eliminated from the playoffs as Bernie Geoffrion potted a hat trick in a 6–1 pasting by the Canadiens.

Toronto's Johnny Bower, who appeared on his way to winning the Vezina Trophy, strained a leg muscle and would have to take a rest. Cesare Maniago played in goal for the Leafs on March 16 and lost 5–2. It looked like two players, Toronto's Frank Mahovlich and Montreal's Bernie "Boom Boom" Geoffrion, were going to hit 50 goals, but Mahovlich ended up slumping near the end of the season and missed 50 by two goals. Geoffrion scored his 50th goal that night and got a wild ovation. He also added 45 assists and led the league in scoring.

Toronto played a 2–2 tie with the Rangers in their final game of the season and Bobby Baun was a victim of his own hard-hitting. Camille Henry of the Rangers ran into Baun and Henry's skate cut Baun in the neck. Baun returned for the third period, but after the game, while boarding the team bus, he began to gasp desperately. He groped for attention and waved his arms, and his teammates finally realized he was in trouble and rushed him to the hospital where an emergency operation was performed to permit breathing. Baun missed some action in the playoffs as the result of the injury.

Playoffs
For the Montreal Canadiens, their defeat to eventual Stanley Cup champion Chicago Black Hawks in the first round ended two streaks (ten consecutive Finals appearances and five consecutive Stanley Cup wins). The Detroit Red Wings defeated the Toronto Maple Leafs in the other semifinal to set up an all-American final between Chicago and Detroit.

Stanley Cup Finals
Chicago defeated the Red Wings in six games to win their first Cup since 1938, and their last until 2010.

Scoring leaders
Note: GP = Games played, G = Goals, A = Assists, Pts = Points, PIM = Penalties in minutes

Leading goaltenders
Note: GP = Games played; Min = Minutes played; GA = Goals against; GAA = Goals against average; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; SO = Shutouts

Coaches

 * Boston Bruins: Milt Schmidt
 * Chicago Black Hawks: Rudy Pilous
 * Detroit Red Wings: Sid Abel
 * Montreal Canadiens: Toe Blake
 * New York Rangers: Alfred Pike
 * Toronto Maple Leafs: Punch Imlach

Debuts
The following is a list of players of note who played their first NHL game in 1960–61 (listed with their first team, asterisk(*) marks debut in playoffs):
 * Ted Green, Boston Bruins
 * Chico Maki*, Chicago Black Hawks
 * Bobby Rousseau, Montreal Canadiens
 * Gilles Tremblay, Montreal Canadiens
 * Rod Gilbert, New York Rangers
 * Jean Ratelle, New York Rangers
 * Cesare Maniago, Toronto Maple Leafs
 * Dave Keon, Toronto Maple Leafs

Last games
The following is a list of players of note that played their last game in the NHL in 1960–61 (listed with their last team):
 * Willie O'Ree, Boston Bruins (First black player in the NHL)
 * Fern Flaman, Boston Bruins
 * Tod Sloan, Chicago Black Hawks
 * Red Sullivan, New York Rangers
 * Larry Regan, Toronto Maple Leafs

Broadcasting
Hockey Night in Canada on CBC Television televised Saturday night regular season games and Stanley Cup playoff games. Games were not broadcast in their entirety until the 1968–69 season, and were typically joined in progress, while the radio version of HNIC aired games in their entirety.

In the U.S., CBS decided not the renew its agreement to continue airing Saturday afternoon regular season games in 1960–61, and the NHL would not be able to attract another American national network until the 1965–66 season.

title: 1960–61 NHL season


text:
Northeastern Pennsylvania

Northeastern Pennsylvania (N.E.P.A. or sometimes called Nepa) is a region of the U.S. state of Pennsylvania that includes the Pocono Mountains, the Endless Mountains, and the industrial cities of Scranton, Wilkes-Barre, Pittston, Hazleton, Nanticoke, and Carbondale. A portion of this region is located in the New York City metropolitan area. Recently, Pennsylvania tourism boards have described Northeastern Pennsylvania as Upstate Pennsylvania.

Unlike most parts of the Rust Belt, some of these communities are experiencing a modest population increase, and others, including Monroe and Pike counties, rank among the state's fastest growing counties.

Northeastern Pennsylvania borders the Lehigh Valley to its south, Warren County, New Jersey to its east, and Broome County, New York to its north.

Area
References to Northeastern Pennsylvania frequently include some combination of Bradford County, Carbon County, Columbia County, Lackawanna County, Luzerne County, Monroe County, Montour County, Northumberland County, Pike County, Schuylkill County, Sullivan County, Susquehanna County, Wayne County, and Wyoming County.

Green: the largest county by area; Yellow: the most populous county

Attractions and entertainment
Northeastern Pennsylvania is home to PNC Field in Moosic, which hosts the Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRiders, the AAA affiliate to Major League Baseball's New York Yankees. Mohegan Sun Arena at Casey Plaza in Wilkes-Barre hosts the American Hockey League's Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins; it previously hosted the Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Pioneers of arena football.

Pocono Raceway in Long Pond holds one cup series NASCAR race annually.

Mohegan Pennsylvania in Plains was Pennsylvania's first casino to offer slots. Mount Airy Casino Resort in Mount Pocono also offers gambling.

Skiers can find several slopes in the area, including Shawnee on Delaware in East Stroudsburg, Blue Mountain Resort (east of Palmerton), Montage Mountain Ski Resort in Scranton, which also operates as a water park during the summer season, Elk Mountain in Union Dale, and Camelback Mountain Resort in Tannersville. Like Montage, it operates as a water park in the off season.

There are several attractions that explore the region's industrial history. Eckley Miners' Village near Hazleton, and the Lackawanna Coal Mine Tour in Scranton highlight the area's coal mining history, while Steamtown National Historic Site and the Electric City Trolley Museum, both in Scranton, focus on transportation history.

The Houdini Museum in Scranton follows Houdini's exploits in the area, as well as the rest of the world. The Scranton Ghost Walk attraction tells of Scranton's paranormal history. 1433 N. Main Avenue, home of the longest running seance event in the United States, "Haunted! Mysteries of the Beyond", was picked by the Pennsylvania Department of tourism as one of the most haunted places in the state.

Education
Many well-known universities are located in Northeastern Pennsylvania. Penn State operates campuses in the Wilkes-Barre area, near Scranton and in Hazleton. Colleges in the Scranton area include Marywood University in Dunmore, Lackawanna College in downtown Scranton, and the University of Scranton, in downtown Scranton. Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine is the region's only medical school and specifically recruits students from NEPA and surrounding counties.

Wilkes-Barre area colleges include Wilkes University in downtown Wilkes-Barre, King's College also in downtown Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne County Community College in Nanticoke, and Misericordia University in Dallas.

Keystone College in La Plume, St. Tikhon's Orthodox Theological Seminary in South Canaan Township, Clarks Summit University (formerly Baptist Bible College & Seminary) in Clarks Summit, Bloomsburg University in Bloomsburg, and East Stroudsburg University in East Stroudsburg are among the other colleges in the area.

Three college preparatory schools are located in Northeastern Pennsylvania, including Wyoming Seminary in Kingston, Scranton Preparatory School in Scranton, and MMI Preparatory School in Freeland.

Seven Catholic high schools are located in Northeastern Pennsylvania. They include Holy Cross High School in Dunmore, which primarily serves Lackawanna County, Luzerne County, Wayne County, Pike County, Susquehanna County, Wyoming County, and Monroe County. The second school is Holy Redeemer High School in Wilkes-Barre, which serves primarily Luzerne County and Wyoming County. The third school is Notre Dame High School, which is located in Stroudsburg. It primarily serves Monroe County. The fourth school is Nativity BVM High School, which is located in Pottsville, which serves Schuylkill County. The fifth school is Marian Catholic High School in Tamaqua, which serves Schuylkill County, as well as Luzerne County and Carbon County. The sixth school is Our Lady of Lourdes Regional School, which is located near the city of Shamokin. The seventh school is St. Gregory the Great Academy, which is a boarding school for boys grades 9–12, specializing in classical education, and located in Elmhurst Township.

title: Northeastern Pennsylvania


text:
Flèche (architecture)

A flèche is the name given to spires in Gothic architecture. In French, the word is applied to any spire, but in English it has the technical meaning of a spirelet or spike on the rooftop of a building. In particular, the spirelets often built atop the crossings of major churches in mediaeval French Gothic architecture are called flèches.

On the ridge of the roof on top of the crossing (the intersection of the nave and the transepts) of a church, flèches were typically light, delicate, timber-framed constructions with a metallic sheath of lead or copper. They are often richly decorated with architectural and sculptural embellishments: tracery, crockets, and miniature buttresses serve to adorn the flèche.

Flèches are often very tall: the Gothic Revival spire of Notre-Dame de Paris (1858–2019) by Eugène Viollet-le-Duc was about 100 ft before its destruction in the Notre-Dame de Paris fire, while the 16th century flèche of Amiens Cathedral is 148 ft high.

The highest flèche in the world was built at the end of the 19th century for Rouen Cathedral, 157 m high in total.

A short spire or flèche surrounded by a parapet is common on churches in Hertfordshire; as a result, this type of flèche is called a Hertfordshire spike.

title: Flèche (architecture)


text:
3 Steps Ahead

Peter-Paul Pigmans (31 January 1961 – 27 August 2003) was a Dutch gabber music producer, best known for his production under the pseudonym 3 Steps Ahead.

Born in Berkel en Rodenrijs and based out of Rotterdam, Pigmans' music is widely considered one of the most innovative specimens of the gabber genre; while many gabber producers favor raw force and little virtuosity when creating a song, Pigmans' music always had a strong technical side, and his songs often featured atmospherical elements, an unusual thing in the genre at the time. He was also known for his extremely wild live shows.

His first full-length album Most Wanted & Mad (1997) reached #35 on the Dutch Album Top 100.

Pigmans was diagnosed with brain cancer in 1999. On 18 July 2003 in Zaandam at the [https://www.hemkade48.nl/?_gl=1%2Ai8kt6c%2A_up%2AMQ..%2A_ga%2AOTkwOTA1NjkyLjE3MTM1MjQ4ODc.%2A_ga_Y5CL4G196H%2AMTcxMzUyNDg4Ni4xLjAuMTcxMzUyNDg4Ni4wLjAuMA.. Hemkade Stadium], fellow Dutch producers organized a fundraising event for him called "3 Steps Ahead 4 Life" where the cream of the Dutch gabber scene performed (for free - all income was spent on his treatment in hope of curing him) and paid respect to him. A couple of weeks later, he died. Two months later the annual Thunderdome started with a one-minute silence in his memory.

He's been elected into the Thunderdome Hall of Fame.

Albums

 * Most Wanted & Mad (1997)
 * Junkie (2000)

EPs

 * Step 1 (1994)
 * Step 2 (1994)
 * Step 3 (1994)
 * Drop It (1996)
 * Hakkûh (1996)
 * Gangster (1996)
 * It's Delicious (1997)
 * Paint It Black (1998)

Singles

 * In the Name of Love (2010)

Film soundtracks
Two of his songs were used in the soundtrack for Brüno (2009): "Thunderdome Till We Die" and "Stravinsky's Bass".

title: 3 Steps Ahead


text:
Sharpener

A sharpener is a tool for sharpening. It may refer to:
 * Knife sharpener, a tool for sharpening a knife
 * Sharpening steel, a tool for sharpening a knife, usually a kitchen knife
 * Sharpening stone, a tool for sharpening a bladed or edged tool, such a knife
 * Pencil sharpener, a tool for sharpening a pencil
 * Sharpening jig, a tool for sharpening a woodworking tool

title: Sharpener


text:
No. 73 grenade

The No. 73 grenade, also known as the "Thermos", "Woolworth bomb", or "hand percussion grenade", was a British anti-tank grenade used during the Second World War. It got its nickname from the resemblance to a Thermos flask.

Development
With the end of the Battle of France and the evacuation of the British Expeditionary Force from the port of Dunkirk between 26 May and 4 June 1940, a German invasion of Great Britain seemed likely. The British Army was not well-equipped to defend the country in such an event; in the weeks after the Dunkirk evacuation it could only field twenty-seven divisions. The Army was particularly short of anti-tank guns, 840 of which had been left behind in France leaving only 167 available in Britain; ammunition was so scarce for the remaining guns that regulations forbade any being used for training purposes.

As a result of these shortcomings, new anti-tank weapons had to be developed to equip the British Army and the Home Guard with the means to repel German armoured vehicles. Many of these were anti-tank hand grenades, large numbers of which could be built in a very short space of time and for a low cost. They included the grenade, hand, anti-tank No. 74, also known as the "sticky bomb", which was coated with a strong adhesive and stuck to a vehicle, and the No. 76 special incendiary grenade, essentially a simple white phosphorus incendiary contained in a breakable glass container, like a more sophisticated variation of the Molotov cocktail (which simply uses a flammable liquid such as gasoline and a burning rag as a "fuse"). Ian Hogg states that the simplest of these grenades was the No. 73 grenade.

Design
The No. 73 grenade had a roughly cylindrical shape and plastic screw-on cap, similar to that of a Thermos flask, from which the "Thermos bomb" nickname was derived. It was approximately 3.5 in in diameter and 11 in in length, and weighed 4.5 lb. Its explosive content consisted of 3.5 lb of polar ammonal gelatine dynamite or nitrogelatine – both of which were highly flammable and could be detonated by the impact of small-arms fire. When thrown at a tank or other vehicle, a weighted tape held in the users hand unravelled and pulled free a safety pin, which was attached to a Type 247 "all-ways" fuze (the same type used in the Gammon bomb and No. 69 grenade); this armed and then detonated the grenade. Its weight meant that it could only be thrown short distances, limiting its range to between 10 and 15 yd, and its detonation could injure the user if they did not find cover before it detonated. It was able to penetrate 2 in of armour, and "damage severely any light tank." It was best used against the tracks of a tank, which it could easily blow off and force its crew to waste time by stopping and repairing it.

Operational history
The No. 73 grenade was first issued in the last months of 1940, but it was rarely used as an anti-tank grenade; instead the fuze was usually removed and it was used as a demolition charge. It was withdrawn from service within a year, and reissued again in 1943 for the express purpose of being used for demolition work. On 27 May 1942, a modified version of the grenade was used in the assassination of SS-Obergruppenführer Reinhard Heydrich, when paratrooper Jan Kubiš threw it at Heydrich's car in Prague. The bomb used for this purpose had been shortened.

title: No. 73 grenade


text:
Thee Headcoats

Thee Headcoats is a band formed in Chatham, Kent, England in 1989, that was well known for its garage rock sound, explicitly sticking to this style on almost all of their albums. The band's signature sound as well as their prolific writing has been attributed to Billy Childish's love of simple, direct recording. The band has been on multiple labels including Billy's own Hangman Records, Damaged Goods and Sub Pop.

The band played their final concert on 12 May 2000 at the Dirty Water Club. Childish went on to play with other bands including The Buff Medways (1999 to 2006) and The Musicians of The British Empire (2007 to 2011).

Lineup
The band was composed of Billy Childish (guitar and vocals), Bruce Brand (drums and backing vocals), and Johnny 'Tub' Johnson (bass). The band is the most prolific of Childish's many musical projects so far, releasing fourteen full-length albums.

The group originally featured Allan Crockford (ex-The Prisoners) (credited as Crojack on the first LP, Headcoats Down), followed by John Agnew (ex-Thee Mighty Caesars) then Ollie Dolat (co-founder of The Squares and founder of Mr Zero) on bass before Johnson joined.

Thee Headcoatees, an all-female vocal group consisting of Holly Golightly, Kyra LaRubia, Ludella Black, and (until leaving in 1999) Bongo Debbie, would often perform live with Thee Headcoats, and recorded several LPs with them as backing band. The band also recorded two albums as Thee Headcoats Sect, with members of The Downliners Sect.

Repertoire and influence
Described in the New York Times as 'the king of garage rock', Thee Headcoats had their roots in the British punk scene of the 1970s (both Billy and Bruce playing in The Pop Rivets and The Milkshakes). The band recorded songs by The Clash under the pseudonym Thee Stash. The band also recorded tribute albums to Bo Diddley and Jimmy Reed. Their debut album featured new versions of songs recorded by Son House including "John the Revelator" and "Child's Death Letter", both of which were later covered by The White Stripes upon whom Billy and Thee Headcoats were a great influence. These influences give a good indication of the band's sound; punk mixed with pure rhythmic rock 'n' roll and blues.

Studio albums

 * Headcoats Down! (1989) [mini LP]
 * The Earls of Suavedom (1990)
 * The Kids Are All Square- This Is Hip! (1990)
 * Beach Bums Must Die (1990)
 * Heavens to Murgatroyd, Even! It’s Thee Headcoats! (Already) (1990)
 * W.O.AH! Bo in Thee Garage (1991) [Bo Diddley tribute album]
 * Headcoatitude (1991)
 * The Good Times Are Killing Me (1993)
 * Thee Headcoats Conundrum (1994)
 * In Tweed We Trust (1996)
 * Deerstalking Men (1996) [as Thee Headcoats Sect]
 * Knights of the Baskervilles (1996)
 * The Jimmy Reed Experience (1997) [10" mini LP; Jimmy Reed tribute]
 * The Messerschmitt Pilot's Severed Hand (1998)
 * Brother is Dead… But Fly is Gone! (1998)
 * 17% - Hendrix Was Not the Only Musician (1998)
 * Ready Sect Go! (1999) [as Thee Headcoats Sect]
 * I Am the Object of Your Desire (2000)
 * Irregularis (The Great Hiatus) (2023)

Compilations and live

 * The Wurst is Yet to Come (1993) [Live]
 * Live at the Wild Western Room (1994) [featuring Thee Headcoatees]
 * The Sounds of the Baskervilles (1995) [featuring Thee Headcoatees]
 * Thee Headcoats Best: Sherlock Holmes Meets the Punkenstein Monster (1998) [Japanese Compilation]
 * Thee English Gentlemen of Rock & Roll: Thee Headcoats Best Vol. II (1999) [Japanese Compilation]
 * Elementary Headcoats – Thee Singles 1990-1999 (2001)
 * Live at the Dirty Water Club (2001)

title: Thee Headcoats


text:
Jason Grabowski

Jason William Grabowski (born May 24, 1976) is an American former Major League Baseball (MLB) outfielder who played for the Oakland Athletics and Los Angeles Dodgers from 2002 to 2005.

Amateur career
Grabowski graduated from The Morgan School in Clinton, Connecticut in 1994. He was drafted by the New York Yankees in the 17th round of the 1994 MLB Draft but did not sign and went to play college baseball at the University of Connecticut. In 1995 and 1996, Grabowski played collegiate summer baseball with the Chatham A's of the Cape Cod Baseball League. He was then drafted by the Texas Rangers in the second round of the 1997 MLB Draft.

Professional career
The Seattle Mariners selected Grabowski off waivers from the Rangers on December 18, 2000 and he was drafted by the Oakland Athletics in the Rule 5 draft on December 13, 2001.

Grabowski made his Major League debut for the Athletics on September 22, 2002, against the Rangers, with one strikeout and one walk in his two plate appearances. His first hit was a double to right field off Chan Ho Park of the Rangers on September 27. Grabowski played in a total of 12 games for the Athletics between the 2002 and 2003 seasons and had three hits in 16 at-bats.

On March 29, 2004, Grabowski was sold to the Los Angeles Dodgers. He spent the entire season with the Dodgers, as their primary left-handed pinch hitter. Grabowski hit his first Major League home run, off Kerry Wood of the Chicago Cubs, on May 11, 2004. In 113 games with the Dodgers that season, he hit .220 with 7 homers and 20 RBI. Grabowski split 2005 between the Dodgers and the AAA Las Vegas 51s. With the Dodgers, Grabowski appeared in 65 games, compiling a .161 batting average, 4 homers and 12 RBI. In Las Vegas, Grabowski played in 52 games and hit .292 with 6 homers and 33 RBI.

In the 2005 offseason, Grabowski's contract was sold to the Orix Buffaloes of Japan's Pacific League. He hit .146 in 39 games for the Buffaloes.

Grabowski was a 2007 non-roster invitee to the Tampa Bay Devil Rays spring training, but did not make the team and was reassigned to the minors. He was released on April 23, 2007 without appearing in any games in the Devil Rays system.

title: Jason Grabowski


text:
User:Jvian

Vian Andrews graduated from law at the University of British Columbia in 1991, but rather than entering into the practice of law, focused most of his time and energy on legal consulting and publishing and later software development. From December 2001 to November 2005, when he sold the company, Vian was President and CEO of DashToolz Inc., an Internet software company he founded to develop a graphical user interface to provide an alternative to the browser as a means of accessing the Internet and a wide variety of Internet based technologies. From January 2006 to September 2011, Vian assisted his daughter, Jesse Andrews, with an Italy focused travel website, ItalianVisits.com. From October 2011, Vian established his own travel business, Visits & Trips Network at www.visitsandtrips.com.

Vian lives in Vancouver, Canada..

title: User:Jvian


text:
Talk:Comparison of image viewers

Shotwell
The article says that Shotwell works on Windows, but it only supports Linux, but I can't figure out how to edit it. --Fetma (talk) 15:30, 4 May 2011 (UTC)

lightroom
Why isn't lightroom included in the image organisers comparison?i use it to organise all my pictures and it is pretty simillar to picassa or acdsee when reffering to it's purpose

Viewing inside archives
Should we add information about the ability to view images inside archives? I know ACDSee let's you see inside ZIP files at least. It'd be especially nice to know which programs let you view inside RARs/CBRs/CBZs.

 * What's the point? This is comparison of image viewers, not universal-programs-for-doing-anything. Futurix 16:35, 9 September 2006 (UTC)

 * It would be for viewing images inside the archives, without needing to extract them. Look at CDisplay, for example, "a sequential image viewing utility".

Eliminate Some Programs
I know of at least 2 programs that are image organisers, not image viewers. There is a huge difference between the two. Image organisers organise your files and image viewers do nothing but view single or lists of images. However, since image organisers need to rapidly scroll through thousands of images, often, their support of image formats is not as through as image viewers. The problem here is apparently the same as over at comparison of media players that treats a orgianzier the same as a player. Again, two different things.--Ctachme 15:39, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Please explain the (huge) difference between an image organizer and an image viewer. At least in a way that specifies the applications in this list as being mere viewers. Almost all applications mentioned do more than viewing single or lists of files. Acdsee, for example, is called a photo manager by it's publisher. The amount of file formats supported? Both Acdsee and ThumbsPlus support around 100 file formats. Surely storing information in a central database is something for an image organizer? Acdsee does this too. I don't think you can talk about any difference between the two application types. Most applications provide both image viewing and image organizing features. Or should applications that can edit images also be removed, because they are image editors not image viewers? — Peter 15:57, 24 February 2006 (UTC)

Alt text
The images in the table on this page have blank alt text - please can someone replace it with something more meaningful? Thank you.. Andy Mabbett 11:02, 26 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Done. :-D badmonkey 04:44, 14 March 2006 (UTC)

Context menu viewing
It'd be great to list if any of these offer context-menu viewing, such as (the now-defunct) Picaview from ACDSystems. There are some viewers out there that do it, but I haven't run into any that work as well as Picaview. Picaview stopped working with Windows XP SP2 and ACD has no intentions of fixing it or continuing the package.

huh?
What is the meaning of the bull's heads, and why don't I know? Is it common knowledge? Is it assumed I should know? Do these various programs cost a bull's head?

It is a Rams head and should be deleted as someone has put the gnu project icon in the table for a laugh, I will try but am at work and this isp is sometimes odd.

 * GNU represents Free Software. Ojw 12:30, 19 June 2006 (UTC)

 * It should be marked as too - the fact that it is open source does not say anything about the price. Futurix 14:59, 19 June 2006 (UTC)

 * In this case the label of the column should be changed rather than removing the licensing information, which e.g. tells me whether I can expect the software packaged with my Linux distribution or not. --Markus Krötzsch 15:45, 18 August 2006 (UTC)

Icons
Why KDE and GNOME have icons, but Windows and Macs have only letter? Futurix 15:01, 19 June 2006 (UTC)
 * I think it was decided at one point that the Windows and Mac icons were an inappropriate use of copyrighted logos. However, this page would be much more user-friendly if the icons returned. If people don't like that Microsoft's and Apple's logos are copyrighted, perhaps Wikipedia could make free clones of them. Theshibboleth 18:26, 25 June 2006 (UTC)

Adobe Bridge
Adobe Bridge is not free, it is part of commercial software bundles from Adobe and you cannot get it for free. Futurix 15:05, 19 June 2006 (UTC)

Too much stuff
Should all image viewers of all times be listed in the articles or those at least with some popularity? Check: CocoViewX, CPC View, Elgorithms MagicTracer, ExifPro Image Viewer, EyeBrowse, F-Spot, GQView, GraphicConverter, Gwenview, Image Browser Arctic, IMatch, imgSeek, P3dO, Shell Picture, ShowImg, Vallen JPegger, VeriPic, ViewIt - all are virtually unknown. Futurix 10:11, 4 October 2006 (UTC)

 * The purpose of this article probably isn't to determine which viewers are popular, and we open a can of worms if we try. If someone felt strongly enough about a viewer to add it, then it should probably remain there until it is no longer supported or usable (In other words, if someone tests and shows that it no longer works on any modern platforms from the last 10 years).  User:Kjr99044 2006-10-04 03:00:51

 * This is very bad criteria - I'm quite sure that at least 50% of image viewers here are virtually unknown and use Wikipedia for promotion of their software (which is against Wikipedia rules).
 * And please, do not split my comments in the future. It is confusing readers. Futurix 10:11, 4 October 2006 (UTC)

Also, what is the purpose of "File Formats" and "View Functionality (detail)" tables? Why do they cover only 2-4 of the viewers in the list? Futurix 10:11, 4 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Only 2-4 viewers have been added because the person adding those tables didn't know enough about the other viewers listed to put the necessary information there. Their addition was justifiable because the first table has a crowded list of features for each viewer, which does not give a quick visual overview of features available to the viewer.  A table makes it easier to distinguish which elements a viewer is good at.  User:Kjr99044 2006-10-04 03:00:51

 * Most information from those tables can be merged into main table (most of it already there!). Futurix 10:11, 4 October 2006 (UTC)

Plus, I suggest to unify all GNOME and KDE image viewers together - otherwise there are too much of the same thing in the list. Futurix 15:13, 19 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Strong object to unifying the KDE and GNOME viewers. Saying that those completely different programs would be the same or even vaguely similar is completely unfounded, which I assume you can tell yourself by just looking at their descriptions. Moreover, "unknown by you" is different from "virtually unnknown". Gwenview, for example, is the standard viewer for the Kubuntu distribution which is rather popular at the moment.

 * Other than this, I agree with the objections. The table is mostly useless for comparing features, and the date of the latest release would often be more telling than a list of functions. Also, most image viewers support every format that most people ever encounter, and converting between formats can be done with other graphic tools anyway. --Markus Krötzsch 15:42, 18 August 2006 (UTC)

Windows Picture and Fax Viewer?
Should the Windows Picture and Fax Viewer be included here? The Wikipedia article for that page (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Picture_and_Fax_Viewer) links to this one, so I expected it to be here. So I was surprised when I didn't see it. It seems to me that it should since it is so commonly used by those on the Windows platform.
 * I just added WP&FV to most of the tables on this page (it didn't seem necessary to add it to the "supported platforms" table). If any of the information here is incorrect, then please update the page. — EagleOne\Talk 15:55, 17 January 2008 (UTC)

Licenses
This page should contain information about licenses of the software. Guaka 06:46, 20 October 2006 (UTC)

softpedia
http://www.softpedia.com/catList/74,1,1,1.html

http://www.softpedia.com/get/Multimedia/Graphic/Graphic-Viewers

--83.176.120.108 01:38, 23 October 2006 (UTC)

 * And? Futurix 08:40, 23 October 2006 (UTC)

what about
Officially the Mac OS X Finder and Windows Explorer have image viewing capability, they're just not very good at it. However that would mean adding Mac OS X software like PathFinder which is more like a Finder replacement. As for items I would actually like to add in, are non-apps such as QuickImage and PicturePopPro allowed in? They are invoked by a contextual menu. What about Digital Asset Managers like Cumulus and Portfolio? Shouldn't there be a link to them from this article?

As for the earlier comment about pruning the list, no I haven't heard of any of those besides GraphicConverter which has been around for a long time on the Mac, but that's why I search on Wikipedia... to find out about things I don't know. Connectionfailure 01:06, 12 January 2007 (UTC)

Image Organizing
People come to this article for help with image organizing. If this article is not going to help them, there needs to be another article that will, prominently linked from here. If this article is going to help them, it needs to clearly address what features are helpful for image organizing, and what software offers such features, in what forms. Right now it just a sea of tech gobbledy-gook useless except to those who already are very knowledgeable. The article is currently completely devoid of any external links to helpful relevant resources. 69.87.200.158 14:44, 19 January 2007 (UTC)

It may be of value to add a column identifying which applications allow parallel access to a cataloging database, i.e. IDImager and DBGallery vs ACDSee. 205.234.33.147 (talk) 23:06, 1 February 2010 (UTC)

Merge Name Column with URL Column
How about merging the "Name" column and the "URL" column into a "Name (URL)"? It doesn't look good to have an entire column with square-bracketed numerals. 3Laws 05:56, 4 March 2007 (UTC)

Way too wide tables
I could barely print the information in there. Only through rescaling the page and printing it with real small fonts. Can you do some reorganising? I mean probably having the link to the home page isn't that relevant to the overview and can be taken out of the table and put at the end. Also other pieces of information can be restructured. Even for viewing is painfull to scroll horizontaly just to check some info. 89.34.24.20

FreeVimager
I've started an article about FreeVimager. Far as I know It's the only image viewer that has pretty good multi-mon support, I think a multi-mon column and FreeVimager, both should be included in the Comparison of image viewers.

Thanks —IncidentFlux 21:03, 7 June 2007 (UTC)

unicode/support
What about creating "Unicode Support" column? Some users that work internationally or share photos with people from around world would definitely want to know if the browser supports unicode. A lot of times browsers will say error opening file:"N:\photos\????\???dsc01.jpg" This happens alot with Czech filenames or East Asian (C/J/K and/or SEA) filenames on an English/American computer. Renaming the file usually changes a lot of the information about the file if there is no metadata on that file or available for that format.

Thanks.

CMYK jpgs
The streams embedded in pdfs are sometimes jpgs (/DCTDecode) that can be extracted by hand into a file and viewed. But they are not always RGB; they may be /DeviceCMYK -- 4 bytes per pixel instead of 3? Which image viewers can properly handle CMYK jpgs? Irfanview sort-of recognizes the file type but shows false color, and then saves as a wrong RGB. Image Analyzer says it can handle CMYK, but does not seem to do it by default -- maybe with the ImageFileLib plugin? -69.87.199.97 14:04, 19 October 2007 (UTC)

Supported file types is misleading
The supported file types section is misleading. Because lots of image types have a lot of sub-types. I have several BMPs and TGAs, for instance, that most viewers that support those types do not handle correctly, even though those images are perfectly valid. And I am not even talking about TIFs yet, because TIFs have "millions" of sub-types and most viewers don't support a lot of those... wjmt (talk) 18:11, 1 February 2008 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Bsd daemon.jpg
The image Image:Bsd daemon.jpg is used in this article under a claim of fair use, but it does not have an adequate explanation for why it meets the requirements for such images when used here. In particular, for each page the image is used on, it must have an explanation linking to that page which explains why it needs to be used on that page. Please check

 * That there is a non-free use rationale on the image's description page for the use in this article.
 * That this article is linked to from the image description page.

This is an automated notice by FairuseBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. --00:08, 17 May 2008 (UTC)
 * Can't see how use here would be acceptable and have rm'd the image from this article. Gwen Gale (talk) 00:12, 17 May 2008 (UTC)

Viewers with no wikipage
Should we allow image viewers that do not have a wikipage to be on this page? (Manwichosu (talk) 13:33, 29 September 2008 (UTC))

 * I agree that we shouldn't set the bar for inclusion so low that that article is cluttered with every obscure viewer ever thrown together in a computer programming class one day -- Wikipedia is not for things made up one day.
 * However, the "notable enough to have its own article" sets the bar for inclusion too high -- see WP:N.
 * Perhaps something like: "either has a wikipage, or some third party reliable source reviews and compares it to other image viewers" ? --68.0.124.33 (talk) 16:59, 14 October 2008 (UTC)

Feel free to review and/or create a wiki page for Image Format Studio. See www.Comp-Code.net —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.22.186.67 (talk) 04:10, 25 March 2010 (UTC)

prices
Should the prices of each program be listed? They can change so rapidly and to me it just seems like a marketing tool for companies. List the different versions, sure, but not the prices, if any.

 * I agree. Perhaps having a Paid/Free column would be better. 195.23.28.141 (talk) 16:45, 23 November 2009 (UTC)

 * I agree as well. I'll make these changes if no one objects within a couple weeks. Gregtheross (talk) 17:55, 10 August 2011 (UTC)

 * Agreed. I hope someone who knows what they're doing gets around to doing this. Franknarf11 (talk) 05:48, 11 December 2011 (UTC)

 * The prices column has been removed, as I think a paid/free column would be largely redundant given the license column. Anjefu (talk) 21:52, 11 May 2015 (UTC)

Desktop Environments
I'm not a cowboy, so I'll leave it, for now, but organising them by DE support is pretty fucking stupid, who on earth thought this was a good idea? With the appropriate dependancies installed, I can run any of the Linux supported apps on any combination of DE (god forbid), Wm, or even just in an XTerm session. Furthermore, what is X doing there anyway?

 * This has been replaced by operating systems. Anjefu (talk) 21:58, 11 May 2015 (UTC)

Web Only Functionality.
This is regarding the line about Picasa that mentions face recognition as one of its features, I think it should be noted that the face recognition technology is not available on the software itself but only in Picasa Web albums, or remove this feature from this program since by itself the program does not include it. Topio

Linux tools capable of editing EXIF orientation tags
Which Linux tools are capable of viewing/editing EXIF orientation tags? (Rotation). -96.237.69.202 (talk) 01:06, 22 June 2009 (UTC)

JPEGView 1.0.18 GPL
From my experience the fastest image viewer. If you will see hundreds / thousands of thumbnails the most viewers are very slow. Windows 2000, XP, Vista and Seven only.

http://sourceforge.net/projects/jpegview/files/ GNU General Public License and the Source Code is downloadable.

New param: screenshot feature
Many programs are able to make screenshots of desktop area, some of selected window, a few of window contents including scrolled area. 80.70.236.82 (talk) 08:22, 15 July 2010 (UTC)

uploading and publishing to websites
i think there should be a clear comparison of the ability to upload photos to websites such as facebook and picasa. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 95.86.82.103 (talk) 15:22, 6 February 2011 (UTC)

Why we haven't 'Stretch' feature at the 'View functions' column?
Not all viewers can stretch pics. As to 'fullscreen' feature, this can be black fullscreen with a tiny picture at center...

FastStone can stretch jpegs, non-animated gifs to fullscreen, but it can't stretch animations (i.e. animated gifs), so they always are viewed at 100% size; if animation size is more than screen or a thumbnail, only center of animation will be seen.

At the same time, ACDsee can stretch animated gifs like any other pics.

83.239.180.230 (talk) 08:58, 24 April 2011 (UTC)

Pointless columns
In Comparison_of_image_viewers, isn't it pointless to include the AmigaOS and MorphOS columns when NONE of the viewers support either systems? -- œ ™ 05:26, 10 July 2011 (UTC)

 * I totally support your opinion. Shall we consider removing these columns, as they do not provide any sort of information? AC007 (talk) 08:11, 10 July 2011 (UTC)

 * I think we should. But first let's wait a little bit longer and see if there's any input from other editors. -- œ ™ 09:34, 10 July 2011 (UTC)

 * The AmigaOS, MorphOS, IBM z/OS, and OS/2 columns have been removed. Anjefu (talk) 21:15, 11 May 2015 (UTC)

Animated GIFs
I think there should be a column for whether the image viewer displays animated GIFs. As far as I know, IrfanView does, Picasa and Windows Photo Viewer don't. I think it's important enough to be a part of an Image Viewer comparison page. Shashwat986 → talk 11:01, 13 February 2013 (UTC)

DarkTable
darktable should be listed here, if 'organizers' such as LightRoom are. --Bobbozzo (talk) 22:25, 10 April 2014 (UTC)
 * Done. 6 years later... TimothyPilgrim (talk) 02:09, 2 March 2020 (UTC)

ImageGlass
I found this viewer for Windows: http://www.imageglass.org/ which seems to be under GNU licence. Can it be added to the lists? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 193.86.114.50 (talk) 14:11, 20 November 2014 (UTC)

Why there is no PMView in comparison?
Why there is no PMView in this comparison? It is one of the most convenient and powerful viewers. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 213.21.35.84 (talk) 04:03, 11 April 2015 (UTC)

feh ?
...is missing from the line-up. --Jerome Potts (talk) 16:56, 27 February 2017 (UTC)

Would it be ok to add svg support?
I would like to add a column for SVG support on the table in section 2.1 Commonly used vendor-independent formats table.

Does this need to get approved, or can I just do it? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.22.12.62 (talk) 20:23, 30 May 2017 (UTC)
 * No approval is necessary. It seems to me that this is an important enough format to warrant its own column. But it might not be worth it if the only info you're going to base the new column on is whether SVG is currently listed in the "Other graphics file formats" column... - dcljr (talk) 02:15, 31 May 2017 (UTC)

heif heic support
Missed heif/heic support information. 07:32, 19 January 2019 (UTC)

What is the policy for adding entries?
I was wondering what the policies/conventions are for adding new entries. For example, I'd like to promote my own photo viewing app. Is it acceptable for me to create a page for it on Wikipedia, then add an entry here if it gets accepted? I have no prior experience of contributing to Wikipedia. BenStevens48 (talk) 09:00, 3 May 2019 (UTC)
 * First, Wikipedia isn't for promotion. See the guidelines on conflict of interest. In theory, if it meets the sourcing requirements by being written about substantially in reliable sources, we could have an article on it. As a COI editor you should use the WP:AFC process to create the article so it gets independent review. - MrOllie (talk) 10:29, 3 May 2019 (UTC)
 * Thanks, that's very helpful. I appreciate Wikipedia is not for promotion, although that might be a side-effect, but I wanted to make it clear I had a conflict of interest. I expect if I wrote an article it would fail the sourcing requirements. For what it's worth, the app is a Windows Store app called Pictureflect Photo Viewer. To be fair, there is also another quite popular Windows Store photo viewing app called 123 Photo Viewer. I also agree with the person who said ImageGlass should be added, as that seems quite popular. BenStevens48 (talk) 18:10, 6 May 2019 (UTC)

adding Evince
Evince seems to be missing too, it seems to me to be the major multipage TIFF, PDF and CBx viewer on linux these days, possibly replacing eye of gnome these days! --Uwe a (talk) 14:00, 6 June 2019 (UTC)

Dimensions in the matrix
I think that the tables are missing command line tools or existence of command line version of tools, also first/last release dates (to get a feeling of how alive the projects are). --Uwe a (talk) 14:03, 6 June 2019 (UTC)

Buffering images
One of most important thing about image viewers:

Does it do buffering big images (eg. from digital cameras/scanners) during viewing for fast surfing? - forward only; - forward & backward; - more than one file.

77.255.198.54 (talk) 04:49, 20 September 2019 (UTC)

Why is there no distinction between embedded and separate tags/metadata?
I have mentioned this at Talk:Image_organizer, as well: The article makes no distinctions between programs viewing/editing tags (or any metadata) that are embedded within the image files, and tags that are contained external to them. (either in a database that the program has, and/or in a metadata-file or something) It would be nice, if there was mention of whether or not they automatically edit/modify tags (of either variety), and if it distinguishes between editing embedded tags and external/database tags, but just having the embedded/external distinction, at the very least…--98.128.228.237 (talk) 00:04, 1 March 2022 (UTC)

adding imageJ
ImageJ is missing, and I found it to be my favorite oldskool image viewer. Deserves a spot I think

title: Talk:Comparison of image viewers


text: User talk:64.173.197.166

title: User talk:64.173.197.166


text:
New Hamburg, New York

New Hamburg is a small hamlet (and census-designated place) along the Hudson River in Dutchess County, New York, United States. It is located in the southern corner of the town of Poughkeepsie.

History
Road records of 1770 show that there were shipping facilities in New Hamburg called "Hood Landing". Rivermen called the rocky point of land in the angle between the Hudson and the mouth of Wappinger Creek "High Point" and the area which projected into the river a few miles south "Low Point" (Chelsea).

Lime burning became an important industry. Dr. Benjamin Ely's map of 1797 shows a lime kiln in New Hamburg. By 1800, Ephraim DuBois had settled at High Point. In 1837 he sold his property, including a lime quarry and kiln, to Adolph Brower from New York. Brower's customers were local pig iron producers and farmers and builders as far away as New Jersey, supplied by river boat. He tore down the DuBois house and built his own on the same site circa 1844. New Hamburg Yacht Club is now situated approximately where the "Old Lime Dock" was. The riverfront near the lime kilns was a favorite local bathing area called the "Sandy Bottom Shore.” When the railroad was built in the late 1840s, excess stone was tossed onto the naturally sandy beach area.

In 1808, John Drake Jr. built a bridge across Wappingers Creek. In 1879, an iron swing-bridge was erected, and continued to be known as "Drake's Bridge".

By 1810, John Drake had relocated to the hamlet where he had docks, a store, and 30 acres of land at High Point, then known as "Wappingers Landing". In the early 1820s, lumber surpassed lime kilns as a business. Charles Millard, who owned a lumber business based in Ulster County, moved to the Landing in 1824 and opened a lumber yard. Since most of the lumber and log shipments were made by water, Millard's son, Walter, branched out into ship building and freighting. He and a partner, Uriah Mills, built the barge Lexington, which carried freight up and down the Hudson River and the steamer Splendid, which carried both freight and passengers. New Hamburg became a port community on the river, with ships loaded and unloaded along nearby Point Street and then taken to Poughkeepsie and Wappingers Falls via road. In 1837, the postmaster was Walter Millard.

In 1848, construction began on the Hudson River Railroad in order to expand the Troy and Greenbush Railroad from the Albany area to New York City. In 1848–1849, a cholera epidemic swept through the community of railroad workers. It is recorded that Father J. Scollon, of St. Mary's in nearby Channingville, being called to High Point, labored unceasingly to relieve the sick and the dying. The outbreak caused a number of fatalities among the workers, and construction was delayed. An 800-foot (240 m) tunnel was built through a hillside north of town, and the work being done there triggered the development of Main Street as a commercial area.

The river steamer Mary Powell used to stop at New Hamburg in the morning on her way to New York and in the afternoon on the return trip.

Around 1860, William Shay operated a rag business on the corner of Main Street and Point Street. He would travel up Wappingers Creek to the mills in Wappingers Falls, and obtain rags and cotton waste for transshipment. The hamlet suffered a devastating fire on May 3, 1877, involving the loss of seven buildings.

The New Hamburg Yacht Club was originally incorporated in 1869 as an ice boat club. In February 1871, on the railroad drawbridge over the Wappinger Creek along the Hudson between the towns of Poughkeepsie and Wappinger, a train traveling north collided with an oil tank train car heading south. The trains exploded upon impact instantly throwing people, luggage, and train parts into the water. Seventy-seven people were missing or unidentified. The number of confirmed deaths was 22. Some bodies were taken to Poughkeepsie for identification; many were never recovered.

The area around New Hamburg was the location of a number of country estates such as that of New York City attorney, Francis Robert Rives, which was located on Rives Avenue, as well as that of J. Fisher Sheefe.

In 1925, the Augustinian Friars of Villanova purchased the Untermeyer estate on Wheeler Hill for the Novitiate of Our Mother of the Good Counsel. The property was sold in 1980. It has since become the site of a town park.

In 1929, the Children's Aid Society of New York operated a farm school for older boys, at Bowdoin Farm in New Hamburg, New York, to train boys in farm work and give them a taste of what to expect, before placing them as paid laborers on farms in the country.

Geography
It is in the Eastern Standard time zone. Elevation is 69 feet.

Services
The New Hamburg station is on the Metro-North Railroad's Hudson Line

The New Hamburg Fire Department provides Fire and Emergency Medical Service response for the entire hamlet of New Hamburg.

New Hamburg Park, on Main St., is under the jurisdiction of the Town of Poughkeepsie Recreation Dept. It contains tennis courts, a playground, a baseball field and part of the Wappinger Greenway Trail. It adjoins the Reese Audubon Sanctuary.

title: New Hamburg, New York


text: Category:Religion in Cameroon

title: Category:Religion in Cameroon


text:
Devoll (river)

The Devoll (Devoll; Devolli) is a river in southern Albania. It is one of the source rivers of Seman. It is 196 km long and its drainage basin is 3130 km2. Its average discharge is 49.5 m3/s. Its source is in the southwestern corner of the Devoll municipality, close to the Greek border. It flows initially northeast, through Miras, then north through Bilisht, and northwest through Progër, Pojan (in the northern Korçë Plain which was marshy until after the World War II), Maliq, Moglicë, Kodovjat, Gramsh, where it is stowed in a big lake and Gostimë, where it turns south. It joins the Osum near Kuçovë, to form the Seman. The Seman opens into a small delta south of the Karavasta lagoon in the Adriatic Sea.

A number of hydroelectricity plants on the river Devoll are planned or under construction. The Albanian company Devoll Hydropower, owned and operated by the Norwegian power company Statkraft,  is building two hydroelectricity plants near Banjë (Banjë Hydro Power Plant) and near Moglicë (Moglicë Hydro Power Plant), with combined capacity 242 MW. The decision whether a third plant near Kokel is to be built, will be taken when the first two dams are completed.

At an unspecified location in the valley of Devoll, Bohemund of Taranto and the Byzantine Emperor Alexius I made an agreement in 1108, in the wake of the First Crusade. This treaty is named after the Byzantine fortress of Deabolis. Although the treaty was not immediately enforced, it was intended to make the Principality of Antioch a vassal state of the Byzantine Empire.

During 1970 significant amounts of water from the river was diverted into the Small Prespa Lake with the intention to use it later during the summer time for irrigation purposes. Due to the high suspended solids in the river water significant siltation occurred on the Albanian side. The practice has recently stopped.

title: Devoll (river)


text:
Prettyboy Reservoir

Prettyboy Reservoir is a 1500 acre reservoir in the Hereford Zone of northern Baltimore County, Maryland. While the reservoir is in Baltimore County, the independent city of Baltimore owns the reservoir and the surrounding land. The reservoir is one of three reservoirs created to supply the municipal water system for Baltimore City, Baltimore County, and northern Anne Arundel County constructed by the Baltimore City Department of Public Works. Prettyboy Reservoir, along with Loch Raven Reservoir further down the Big Gunpowder Falls, provide about 61% of the drinking water for the Baltimore metropolitan area system; for this reason, the Prettyboy is considered a "source water" or drinking water watershed. The reservoir contains about 19 e9USgal of water on average.

The water from Prettyboy Reservoir is transferred to Loch Raven via Gunpowder Falls rather than directly to Baltimore. It is then transferred via tunnel from Loch Raven to the Montebello Filtration Plants in Baltimore for treatment and distribution. Prettyboy Dam, completed in 1932, impounds the Gunpowder Falls to create the Reservoir. The dam has a spillway crest elevation of 520 ft above mean sea level and covers about 1500 acre.

According to tradition, the reservoir was named after a settler's horse, Pretty Boy, who drowned in a nearby creek.

Parts of the Gunpowder River watershed also serve as Gunpowder Falls State Park. The reservoir area serves as land for hiking, mountain biking, road cycling, fishing, and boating. Hunting is also permitted, though limited to archery with a special permit. Swimming in the reservoir is prohibited. Sport bike riders and sports car enthusiasts also use the roads in the parklands that surround the reservoir.

Kayak and tubing enthusiasts float or paddle the Lower Gunpowder Falls from the dam down to Falls Road or Masemore Road. The river between those two points contains mainly Flatwater to class II rapids, but one section contains a class III when the water level is normal or higher. Heavy spring rains mean that both gates at the dam may be opened to allow excess water through. Increased water levels make for excellent kayaking because of the narrow width of Gunpowder Falls' valley. Officers of the Special Department of Public Works, and occasionally Baltimore Police Department officers, patrol all three of the metropolitan area's watersheds.

On June 23, 2008, Prettyboy Reservoir became the site of the first rescue performed by the Baltimore County Fire Department using a helicopter with rescuers dangling from a rope. The victim was a 30-year-old woman who had injured herself while walking her dog. The department had just been trained in the rescue two weeks prior to the incident.

title: Prettyboy Reservoir


text:
Talk:Oscar L. Chapman

I thought I'd remove the cleanup tag from the page. A few errors have been fixed since the tag was added four months ago, but I have no idea what the person who added the tag had in mind.

If anyone has any concrete suggestions for improvement, they could be added here, to this talk page. Morris 15:42, August 26, 2005 (UTC)

Public domain image for article:
May be found here. It is PD-US.--Wehwalt (talk) 17:02, 30 June 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Oscar L. Chapman


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Between worlds

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. Rx StrangeLove 18:49, 23 September 2005 (UTC)

Between worlds

 * Absolutely not notable Groeck 15:50, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * delete nn vanity (note that this alleged show apparently airs on a public access channel)---CH (talk) 03:18, 12 September 2005 (UTC)
 * This afd nomination was orphaned. Listing now.  No opinion. —Cryptic (talk) 13:14, 13 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Major TV series may be notable, but this show sure doesn't look to be. Friday (talk) 14:11, 13 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: I wonder where we draw the line for public-access-based cable shows. An audience of 5,000 is used in other contexts (authors and musicians, (see WP:PROF) ... would a show like this have that sort of rating? Sacramento metro has a population of 1.8 million, so, who knows? I'm inclined to keep if it's been running since 1991; that's impressive. --MCB 07:21, 14 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:Fernão do Pó

Exact spelling
I changed this entry from 'Fernão da Pó' to 'Fernão do Pó'. I have not yet done anything like an exhaustive search; but from what I have examined thus far (incl. the Encyclopedia Britannica), I have only seen the name with 'do'. I decided to start making this change now since the article is being expanded, and the addition of more links would only make the matter of renaming the article more difficult later on. If anyone has any documentation of the name being listed with 'da', please share it here. Thanks, S. Neuman 15:42, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I'd swear it can't be "da", for "pó" is masculine (I'm a Portuguese native speaker). 194.65.103.1 17:11, 13 September 2007 (UTC)

Discoverer?
I doubt that he was the discoveror of Bioko, as it must be visible from the mainland. (Both the island and Mt Cameroon are very high.) As for the other islands, St. Thomas, Prince and Annobom, alright they're too far to be seen from shore or found by coastal vessels. 194.65.103.1 17:11, 13 September 2007 (UTC)

Introduced Cocoa to Ghana?
I removed the following sentence from the article "He is also credited as having introduced cocoa to the West African country of Ghana, having brought seeds with him from Fernando Pó, or Bioko, island". It was already marked with a citation needed. Po may be credited with introducing cocoa, and I suppose it's possible he did so, but it seems extremely unlikely. Cocoa is native to the Americas and was first encountered by Europeans (Columbus) in 1502. Given that Po was exploring in 1472, he must have been at least 50 years old in 1502. Add in so more time for cocoa to be recognized as worth spreading around the world, and for it to get from the Americas to Bioko, and it seems that Po would've been very old or dead by the time cocoa was introduced to Ghana.192.104.39.2 (talk) 15:25, 13 September 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Fernão do Pó


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Randy Gonzalez

Randy Gonzalez

 * DELETE Don't see the usefullness of this article, except for self-promotion. Looks like it has little to no value. WikiDon 15:42, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn vanity copcruft ---CH (talk) 09:09, 12 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep A well known criminologist and public servant in Florida. BTW, there's little chance he actually wrote it, so this is not vanity. Pincus 00:16, 30 September 2005 (UTC)


text: User talk:63.146.165.75

title: User talk:63.146.165.75


text:
French Federation of Basketball

The French Basketball Federation (FFBB) (Fédération Française de Basketball) is the governing body of basketball in France. It was founded in 1932 (and members of the FIBA since 1933).

The Federation operates the France national teams and organises the Coupe de France (French Cup) and the amateurs national championships; for the professional championship, the Ligue Nationale de Basketball (LNB) (men) and the LFB (women) have a delegation from the FFBB. It publishes BasketBall Magazine (formerly known as Basket-Ball).

Men's Clubs (Pro A)
Clubs are listed by their geographical designations on the official LNB website.

(2021–22 season)
 * Boulogne-Levallois (Metropolitans 92)
 * Bourg-en-Bresse (JL Bourg Basket)
 * Cholet (Cholet Basket)
 * Chalon-Reims (Champagne Basket)
 * Dijon (JDA Dijon)
 * Fos-sur-Mer (Fos Provence Basket)
 * Gravelines-Dunkerque (BCM Gravelines-Dunkerque)
 * Le Mans (Le Mans Sarthe Basket)
 * Le Portel (ESSM Le Portel)
 * Limoges (Limoges CSP)
 * Lyon-Villeurbanne (ASVEL Basket)
 * Monaco (AS Monaco Basket)
 * Nanterre (Nanterre 92)
 * Orléans (Orléans Loiret Basket)
 * Paris (Paris Basketball)
 * Pau-Lacq-Orthez (Élan Béarnais)
 * Roanne (Chorale Roanne Basket)
 * Strasbourg (Strasbourg IG)

Women's Clubs (LFB)
As in the list of men's clubs above, geographic designations are those found on LFB's official site.

(2021–22 season)
 * Angers (Union Féminine Angers Basket 49)
 * Bourges (Tango Bourges Basket)
 * Charleville-Mézières (Flammes Carolo Basket Ardennes)
 * Charnay (Charnay Basket Bourgogne Sud)
 * Landerneau (Landerneau Bretagne Basket)
 * Landes (Basket Landes)
 * Lyon (ASVEL Féminin)
 * Montpellier (BLMA)
 * Roche Vendée (Roche Vendée Basket Club)
 * Saint-Amand (Saint-Amand Hainaut Basket)
 * Tarbes (Tarbes Gespe Bigorre)
 * Villeneuve-d’Ascq (ESBVA-LM)

title: French Federation of Basketball


text:
Seven Little Monsters (TV series)

Seven Little Monsters, or 7 Little Monsters, is a Canadian animated children's television series about a family of seven monsters and their mother. The series, based on the book of the same name, was created by Maurice Sendak and directed by Neil Affleck, Lynn Reist, and Glenn Sylvester. It was produced by Wild Things Productions (uncredited), Nelvana, Suzhou Hong Ying Animation Corporation Limited for the first two seasons and Philippine Animation Studio for the third season, in association with Treehouse TV and PBS.

Overview
The show that focuses on seven monsters (Brothers Two, Three, Four, Five, and Seven and Sisters One and Six), each named after a different number from one to seven, and each has unique physical characteristics.

Music
The theme song was performed by the Canadian rock band Barenaked Ladies, also known for performing the theme to CBS’ The Big Bang Theory.

Production and telecast
The show initially started airing in the U.S. on PBS Kids, as a segment on the weekend PBS Kids Bookworm Bunch block, on September 30, 2000. The first season ended on December 23, 2000, with repeats of the first season continuing through October 2001. The second season ran from November 3, 2001 to January 26, 2002, again during the Bookworm Bunch block. Repeats of the second season continued until September 2004, when the Bookworm Bunch was discontinued.

The third season premiered on January 6, 2003 on PBS Kids, and was paired with The Berenstain Bears in the same half-hour timeslot on weekdays; thus, new episodes were only 15 minutes in duration, as opposed to 30 minutes for the first two seasons. The Berenstain Bears began filling the entire half-hour timeslot on most PBS member stations starting September 15, 2003, resulting in some episodes of the third season of Seven Little Monsters never being broadcast on PBS. Some PBS stations continued airing episodes of the third season until August 2004.

In Canada, it was aired on Treehouse TV from February 4, 2001 to February 3, 2002. The series was then moved to YTV from 2002 to 2005. In United Kingdom, it was aired on Tiny Pop.

Characters

 * One (voiced by Joanne Vannicola) is the oldest and the only monster who can fly. She is a tomboy, a natural athlete who loves sports, and somewhat of a tattletale. She often gets her siblings into trouble, but still cares deeply for them.
 * Two (voiced by Colin Mochrie) is the most helpful of the monsters and has a prominent nose which he often "sticks in where it doesn't belong".
 * Three (voiced by Dwayne Hill) is a dramatic monster who takes on a different personality and voice in every episode, often to the dismay of others.
 * Four (voiced by Seán Cullen) is always bad-tempered and grumpy. He is normally seen with his younger brother Five.
 * Five (voiced by Seán Cullen) is the biggest and most childlike of the monsters who speaks few words with a thick speech impediment. He has an enormous tongue and a voracious appetite.
 * Six (voiced by Michele Scarabelli) is the resident ballerina of the group who thinks she is the most beautiful of the monsters. Unlike her sister One, she has more feminine interests. She wears a purple leotard with a white tutu, has a star wand, and speaks with a US accent.
 * Seven (voiced by Seán Cullen) is the youngest who has the ability to unscrew his head. He is the most gentle and timid monster who is afraid of bugs and is fond of cheese, and speaks in a Boris Karloff-esque voice.
 * Mom (voiced by Debra McGrath) is the mother of the seven monsters. A kindly, babushka-wearing witch, she is much smaller than her children and speaks with a European accent.
 * Mary is the monsters' psychedelic neighbour and good friend. She is the leader of a club called the Purple Pixies, which consists of other club members: Wendy (the only one who talks beside Mary), Angela, and Kate, who dislikes Six, and, always has a gloomy angry look.
 * Sam is Five's pet turtle.
 * Belinda is the monster family's pet cow.
 * Freddie is Mary's pet dog.

Season 1 (2000)
All episodes in this season are directed by Glenn Sylvester. These episodes aired as segments on the PBS Kids Bookworm Bunch

Season 2 (2001–02)
All episodes in this season are directed by Neil Affleck.

Season 3 (2003)
Note: In the U.S., All the episodes in Season 3 (except for episodes 37 and 40) aired with The Berenstain Bears'' on PBS Kids.

title: Seven Little Monsters (TV series)


text:
Mukah Division

Mukah Division is one of the twelve administrative divisions in Sarawak, Malaysia. It was established on 1 March 2002 and it has a total area of 6,997.61 square kilometres.

Mukah Division contains five administrative districts: Mukah, Dalat, Daro, Matu and Tanjung Manis District. The total population is 110,543. The population is culturally mixed, with mostly Melanau, Malay, Iban, and Chinese predominating.

Development
As a relatively new division in Sarawak, Mukah identifies seven core development sectors. Major rivers in Mukah are Batang Mukah, Batang Oya, Batang Igan and Batang Rajang. The sectors are as follows;
 * Fishery
 * Agriculture
 * Industry
 * Tourism
 * Human Resource
 * Infrastructure and Info-structure
 * Community Harmonious Lives (Kesejahteraan Hidup Masyarakat)

Infrastructure

After a few years, the division has completed a coastal road that connects Kuala Balingian/Balingian/Mukah/Dalat/Oya/Igan/Matu/Daro.A RM 48 million, 170 meters double-arch suspension bridge over Batang Mukah was opened to public on 16 September 2005.

During the 2014 Balingian by-election, Deputy Prime Minister Tan Sri Muhyiddin Yassin has announced that a new airport will be built for Mukah. The overall cost of the project is estimated at RM 600 million. The earthworks began on 16 April 2014 at a site about 7 kilometers from the town centre. As of February 2015, 16% of the construction was completed.

Education
There are two higher education institutes in the division; UiTM Mukah campus and Mukah Polytechnic. Also, there is a coal power plant built in Matadeng, some 30 km from the Mukah town. In March 2015, Tun Pehin Sri Abdul Taib Mahmud has launched the Laila Taib College (KLT) Mukah Campus. The 35-acre campus is within the Mukah Education Hub and costs RM 336 million. The campus is still under construction.

Fishery
Meanwhile, in Belawai, the fishery sector is being focused. There is Tanjung Manis Deep Sea Fishery Complex to support the sector. Tanjung Manis also connected to Sibu via Serdeng/Tanjung Manis/Bruit/Sg.Nai Road and Sibu/Bawang Assan/Serdeng Road.

The fishery industry is synonym with Mukah town too. The Melanaus are fish lovers and fish are incorporated in traditional dishes, for example umai. Mukah town even has statues of Ikan Merah(Red Snapper) and Udang(Prawn) that suggests the importance of the industry to the town and the division wholly.

Shopping malls

 * Medan Mall
 * Everwin Supermarket
 * Glory Supermarket
 * Mukah Central(Under Construction)

Tourism
Mukah offers a different tourism attraction in Sarawak. Being the only Melanau-majority town, the Melanau culture is the best that Mukah has to offer.

Kaul Festival (Pesta Kaul)
There is a grand Kaul Festival (Pesta Kaul in Malay) held annually at Kala Dana Beach (Pantai Kala Dana in Malay) at Mukah. In 2012, approximately 70,000 visitors attended the festival. A park called Kala Dana Recreation Park or Site of Kaul Festival (Tapak Pesta Kaul) was built there and had recently been renovated and is now more modern. It also has an observation tower. This festival attracts many visitors from Sarawak-wide and sometimes even foreign tourists. The chief minister also attends this festival each year. For 2014, the festival was held on 23–27 April.

Places of interest
Some of the places of interest in Mukah Division are:
 * Bruit National Park, Daro
 * Sungai Pasin Wildlife Park, Matu
 * Kampung Sok Melanau Longhouse, Matu
 * Sago Farm, Dalat
 * Kenyana Lake, Mukah
 * Taman Tanjung Pedada, Kpg. Tanjung, Mukah
 * Kala Dana Recreation Park, Mukah
 * Setia Raja Boulevard Recreation Park, Mukah
 * Blue Horizon Beach, Mukah
 * Kampung Kuala Hilir Oya, Dalat
 * Telaga Penawar Kampung Jemoreng, Matu
 * Belawai Beach, Daro
 * Lamin Dana (Traditional Melanau Longhouse), Mukah
 * Pantai Kampung Judan Hilir, Mukah

Agriculture
The main agricultural products are oil palm, sago, paddy, pineapple and aquaculture.

Industry
In 1996, the Mukah Light Industrial Estate was established by the Mukah river, about 3 km from the Mukah town. The planned area covers 61 hectares. The other industrial estate in Mukah Division is the Tanjung Manis Timber Processing Zone developed by Sarawak Timber Industry Development Corporation (STIDC).

Ethnic groups
As of 2010, Melanau is the largest ethnic group in Mukah Division with more than half of the population identified themselves as Melanau. Iban is the second largest with 18.6% of the population.

title: Mukah Division


text:
Mendiland

Mendiland is part of the extreme southwest portion of Sierra Leone on the western coast of Africa, where the Mende tribe lives and the Mende language is spoken.

The slaves who rebelled on the Amistad in 1839 had been kidnapped in Mendiland. After winning their court case, they were eventually returned to their homeland.

title: Mendiland