text:
Talk:Pous

Untitled
Discuss first change later

I would like people to compare the version reverted by Drini with the version he replaced and note how much malicious damage his vandalism did. He removed the comparative units which was the purpose for creating the page. He removed the references and he removed the wikified introductionRktect 02:34, August 22, 2005 (UTC)

 * This article is about the pous. Start from that simple premise.  Stick to it.  Gene Nygaard 02:56, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

In order to define anything you need to be able to say both what it is that makes it what it is (a pous) and what it is that makes it not something else. ( a bd, pes, fot, foot rmn, cubit, ellen or nibw)

Definition is as basic a scientific principle as there is.Rktect 04:45, August 22, 2005 (UTC)

 * It's also not a chicken, and sticking to units of measure, not a barrel of oil equivalent either. So what?  Don't forget that this article does not stand alone.  It is part of an encyclopedia which contains many other entries as well.  Gene Nygaard 10:57, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

It might be useful to have some discussion about standards of measure and why they exist. Why are they very similar in some ways and also dramatically different in others? Some clearly are derived from body measures, some are derived from agricultural measures and both of those subsets are combined in a geo-commensurate system which survives as a stable standard for six millenia.

Standards of measure are stable because they define property but there is more to it than that. For a culture whose calculations are designed around the use of unit fractions, measures are a handy shorthand that allows practical solutions to finding areas and volumes of non rectangular shapes.

There are a lot of problems in the Rhind papyrus that touch on what became known as the three classical problems of Greek antiquity, one of which I have now put up on the khet page. Squaring a circle, doubling a cube and trisecting an angle are all easily solvable if you allow the substitution of a ruler and compass for a straightedge and compass.

The way that relates to feet is through their use as rulers and the use of their subdivisions and multiples as tools for calculation (see Egyptian circle which is also on the khet page) Rktect 10:36, August 23, 2005 (UTC)

Redirect
I sincerely cannot see the point of this article (and others in the same "series") as standalone articles. This one really should be a redirect to Ancient Greek weights and measures (which in its turn needs a severe cleanup). -- Egil 11:19, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

About the "comparative analysis"
Sorry, this seems to be pure Stecchini stuff. By very intricate series of arguments, Stecchini tried to show that the various ancient systems of measurement were related to each other by defintion, and tables like these are typical examples. Stecchini basically seems to claim that all known systems measure by definition relate to each other by a precision of at least 5 digits. He certainly touches the idea of the degree as a common basis for units of length (see also User:Egil/Sandbox/rktect), but additionally he constructs intricate arguments about for instance how he believes early standards of length were initially derived from perfect cubes of a standard weight, and that the different feet of different cultures can be *explained by different mediums used to fill these cubes, like water, wheat and barley. Why we have found no historic evidence of these 'magic' cubes, and how one could expect to reach 5 significant digit using a standard based on the density of barley is not explained! (For more Stecchini, see http://www.metrum.org/ )

 * I get a kick out of Egil. Everything is always "seems to be", "seems to claim", speculation and opinion with a definite POV and agenda. If he doesn't know about something it becomes "magic". None of his opinions is ever properly documented, referenced or cited and he repeats the same old tired misinterpretations of fact over and over again.

 * Stecchini has a site dedicated to his memory (metrum) which explains his work much better than can be done in a few lines here. Essentially he collected discussions and studies of measures of length, area, volume and value in the ancient world and did a fairly good job of showing how they were all part and parcel of the same system.

Stecchini is the professor whose ideas basically fuelled much of the modern pyramidiot movement.

 * No, that would be Piazzi Smythe, the royal astronomer of Scotland whose thinking was probably much closer to Ole Roemers than Stechinnis.

He was also a strong supporter of Immanuel Velikovsky, the guy who claimed that obscure planet movements were the cause of various catastrophies reported through historic time, for instance the planet Venus being ejected from Jupiter around 1500 BC, and the Earth coming into close contacts with Mars in the 8th and 7th centuries BC, etc! -- Egil 12:10, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

 * So what Egil? None of that has any relevance to a the Greek pous which was already being researched and documented centuries before Stechinni was born. Rktect 02:26, August 25, 2005 (UTC)

re Gene's coment's
1.) The Greeks who settled along the east coast of the Mediteranian Sea were called Peleset by the Egyptians, Phillistines by the Sons of Israel, Phoenicians, Pelegasians, and Punics by classical authors. They called themselves Pele, or Pilli. They lived in what was considered a part of the Egyptians vassalage and their pous was the same as the Egyptian. Rktect 02:26, August 25, 2005 (UTC)

2.)The Ionian Greeks used a pous which was the same as the Roman pes.

 * So what's your problem? Can't you ever fix any of your mistakes and ambiguities?  Why in the world do you suppose your Iomic is a redlink?  Fix it—and don't leave it at a disambiguation page, either.  Why haven't you linked to Phoenicia?  Can't you do anything other than cut and paste the same nonsense all over the place?  WTF is that "bd" nonsense?

 * Since you make make not the slightest effort to work with other people, nor to correct your mistakes even when they are pointed out to you, it is hardly surprising that most of your edits are not well received. Gene Nygaard 03:07, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

I corrected the spelling of Ionian. I haven't linked to Phoenicia because it is iron age and where you really need to get into the pous as a standard is early bronze age. That means Linear A and B, all the early scripts, a few wreck sites, the Phaistos Disk, and the Hittites.

There is evidence for the use of the pous as a standard amongst the Mycenean Greeks, Minoans and the Sea peoples going as far back as the Phaistoes disk and the stories of Sinhue and Wen Amon.

It would be interesting to discuss the antiquity of the trade links between the Weshesh, Peleset, Tjeker, Danae, Shardana, in the Chalcolithic and bronze age in that context, then move forward through the conflict between Egypt and Kadesh, then bring in the Persians and Phoenicians and Ptolomaic Greeks, and include the influence of Libyan Cyrene but that is simply too much for one page.

All of the Early Greeks and proto-Greeks are organized by oinkos, gene and phratre way and their languages have interesting parallel developments as regards trade words.

By the time of Rin Sin we would be following the developments of the copper and tin trade from Syria across Anatolia and the effect of the domestication of the horse, IE languages and blue water shipping.

The linkage of the pous to the pes is another story and probably pretty close to the one told by Vitruvus involving the ten books of architecture, the Greek orders, their antecedents in Egypt and the idea of geometry being incorporated in the dimensions of buildings.

A bd is an Egyptian foot. (glyphs for foot and hand).

As to working with other people, try being a little less antagonistic, more discussion, fewer reverts, deletions, tags, and vfds. I don't mind providing the answers to questions or admitting to and correcting some spelling errors.

As to "cutting and pasting the same nonsense all over the place", what I would like is for the pages to fit together so that what is said on one page leads into what is said on another and there are good transitions and links that connect the different pieces together.

My first page discusses the sos and the agricultural basis of standards of measure in Mesopotamia which then through trade in metals during the bronze age are diffused to the reast of the ancient near east as definitions of property.

On another page I'm talking about the organization of 3ht or fields and how that results in a length of 100 royal cubits being expanded to a length of 300 royal cubits.

On another page I'm talking about the khet which is the measure of the side of the field as 100 cubits and how that measure becomes central to the problems of the rhind papyrus.

On another page I'm talking about how the khet, and st3t become the aroura and how Herodotus tells us the Greeks, Persians and Libyans adopt the Egyptian standards of measure so that the st3t becomes the aroura and the itrw becomes the schoenus.

All of this bears on misconceptions about the stadia of Eratosthenes, Archimedes, Marinus and Ptolomy the accuracy of their values for a great circle and their knowledge of the circumference of the earth being incorporated into standards of measure by the Greeks and Romans.

Still another page talks about the pes and how the Romans measures derive from the Greeks.

My expectation would be to spin off of the discussion of "feet" to address standards of measure in different periods and parts of the world. How body measure standards and agricultural standards were linked, and how the iron age trade in metals brought ANE standards of measure to Europe, but all that discussion has now been torpedoed.

It is hardly suprising that I am a little bit aggravated by the characterization of this as "original research"", "pseudo science" and "nonsense" when anyone who has studied the topic knows better.Rktect

 * Another rambling dissertation on your whole pyramidology belief system, just to tell me you corrected the spelling of Iomic. But even then, you didn't listen at all.  Didn't I specifically warn you not to leave this as Ionic, a link to a disambiguation page?

 * That's why you don't get any respect. You don't listen to what anybody else has to say.  You don't get any respect because you haven't earned it. Gene Nygaard 14:04, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

I tend to listen more carefully to some things than to others. People who spew forth pointless venom get less attention than those who make constructive criticisms. You do both so you get some of my attention but not as much as you would if you quit trying to pretend you were one of those little spanish lap dogs whose bark is way out of proportion to their size. Rktect 16:56, August 25, 2005 (UTC)

As an architect I work with measurements all day long every day. To have all the aspects of measurement and proportion that architects work with relegated to pseudoscience and pyramidology is more than a little bit alarming. I would like to direct your attention to the antiquity of our profession and assure you that most of the proportions are governed by things like how much structure it takes to support a given load and not entirely by what does it look like. Though you may not think me worthy of respect you should respect the knowledge base.Rktect 15:19, August 26, 2005 (UTC)

disputed
Once again Egil has tagged a page with no discussionRktect 22:22, August 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Good point. I've removed the tag, as it's not appropriate without a stated reason. Ken talk 22:28, August 27, 2005 (UTC)

 * The dispute is for instance with regards to Stecchninis theory of the daktylos division of various Greek feet. I thought this talk page made it clear. -- Egil 05:44, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

No Egil, simply saying "I don't believe it" without giving a reason doesn't make your case Rktect 10:08, August 29, 2005 (UTC)

Redirect
Anyone mind this article being made into a redirect to Ancient Greek weights and measures? -- Egil 17:18, 22 October 2005 (UTC)

Two POUS definitions
Ummm... Athens was in Attika/Attica, so WHY is there an "Attic pous" and an "Athenian pous"?

You are fraking with a persons educational experience because of your PMS problems over some pedantic Stecchinia@$%$$%%-philic bastard who for *gods only know why* was allowed equal access to Wikipeia's "Edit" key with the same autocratic power as an educated Dr. of Arts, Classicist. Ergo, geo-cities is as likely a "valid" resource as "Wikipedia", negating the sole purpose for HAVING a free encyclopedea.

Because I have pissed away part of my finite life-span looking up WTF is the length of FRAKING POUS; thanks to those on this forum, im pissed off and closer to dead, and still uneducated. 108.38.36.17 (talk) 01:48, 24 November 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pous


text:
Talk:Oliver Heaviside

primary occupation?
I would like to know, what was his primary occupation. What did he do for a living and how did he get his money. Can we call him a gentleman scientist ??

The "publications" after 1925 need some kind of annotation ... are they reprints? When were they written? I don't know the facts here or the standard way of presenting such information or I'd try some edits directly ..

 * Heaviside was employed as a telegraph operator in Denmark for a couple years in his late teens and early twenties, but he mooched off his parents for the rest of their lives, and never resumed gainful employment. In the modern world he would probably be the equivalent of a basement dwelling Usenet troll. 98.154.22.134 (talk) 07:33, 3 November 2012 (UTC)

 * That is not nice. Why do you use the word troll, for someone who single handedly figured out Maxwell's equations and simplified, among many other achievements. K00la1dx (talk) 21:13, 23 May 2023 (UTC)

link problem
Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction (which is most common) does not link to "Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction", but Fitzgerald-Lorentz contraction does! I don't know how that works... Harald88 21:15, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

fixed: redir to section of length contraction article-Pournami (talk)

Twenty "Maxwell equations"
The twenty equations of electromagnetism originally written by Maxwell include much more than the "canonical" Maxwell equations. Ohm's law, for example, is included and it is not really a law of electromagntism but an empirical description of some materials. The four canonical vector equations correspond to only twelve of Maxwell's twenty (there is one for each Cartesian coordinate). I've made small revisions accordingly.Shrikeangel (talk) 16:13, 14 September 2011 (UTC)

 * A referene for that would be handy.  Spinning Spark  16:51, 14 September 2011 (UTC)

 * http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:A_Dynamical_Theory_of_the_Electromagnetic_Field.pdf&page=7 Maxwell, J. C., "A dynamical theory of the electric field". A summary is here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Dynamical_Theory_of_the_Electromagnetic_Field Comparison with any EM textbook will show that the four "canonical" equations can make up at most 12 of the twenty equations in Maxwell's paper, some of which are not explicity expressed.Shrikeangel (talk) 01:01, 19 September 2011 (UTC)

Plagiarism
The first paragraph of the article (I'm not a regular editor, so I don't know the terminology), but the part at the very begining of the page, before the table of contents, that says "Oliver Heaviside was a self-taught..." is the exact same text, word for word, as a footnote in M.J.Roberts' Signals and Systems, second edition, page 25. ISBN 978-0-07-338068-1 Hard to say who copied whom, but neither credits the other. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.185.183.35 (talk) 17:42, 10 February 2012 (UTC)

 * The bulk of the current lede was inserted with this edit. However, the first and last sentence were already there and had been for years.  The last sentence, in particular has been in since 2004.  It does not seem likely that the whole thing is a copyvio as it was created over a number of years with at least three different editors taking part.  It would be very strange if they all plagiarized the same book.  Can you confirm that it is word-for-word, including the first and last sentence.  Also, what is the year of publication of your version of the book? If it was in a print of the book prior to insertion in Wikipedia that would confirm copyvio.  Spinning  Spark  19:49, 10 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Some relevant history of the lede:  Spinning  Spark  20:04, 10 February 2012 (UTC)
 * The second edition says "Copyright 2011", so the Wikitext wasn't stolen from the second edition. First edition ( 0072499427) is copyright 2004.  --Wtshymanski (talk) 21:55, 10 February 2012 (UTC)

Nahin 2002
It seems a little strange that such claims about someones personal character could be made without a proper verified source. A citation with an unknown title or page number is unacceptable as it is impossible to verify. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 27.33.143.13 (talk) 05:12, 27 May 2013 (UTC)

 * Which claim in particular are you talking about? All the citations to Nahin that I can see have page numbers and Nahin's book is in the references where the title and ISBN are given along with a link to Google books.  Spinning  Spark  11:02, 27 May 2013 (UTC)

Untitled
After reading this article, I also feel like painting my fingernails pink, removing all my furniture from my house, and sleeping on a block of stone.

No mention of the aether? 67.206.163.72 (talk) 21:20, 9 December 2013 (UTC)

W.O.R.M
"World's Only Remaining Renaissance Man"? It would befit Oliver. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Danshawen (talk • contribs) 18:02, 3 February 2014 (UTC)

The Heaviside Memorial Project
This has been added and reverted twice. It is not the job of Wikipedia articles to give a free plug to charitable causes, no matter how worthy they are. There also appears to be a WP:COI here, as the user involved has made no edits other than to mention this website. Articles should be based on secondary sources, and this is a WP:SPS.-- ♦Ian Ma c M♦  (talk to me) 18:36, 14 July 2014 (UTC)
 * Also, there is no indication that this is a charity registered with the Charity Commission, it is simply an appeal for funds to be donated via PayPal. While I am not questioning the good faith of the person involved, this appears to be a personal project which is appealing for funds, rather than a charity.-- ♦Ian Ma c M♦  (talk to me) 20:23, 14 July 2014 (UTC)
 * One thing I would say is that the reversions have been on the basis of WP:EL. This is an invalid rationale as WP:EL explicitly does not apply to references.  However, I agree that the source provided cannot be considered a WP:RS in Wikipedia terms.  There may or may not be a case for including this if a suitable source were to be found, that is a matter for discussion, but the contribution as it stands is definitely not acceptable. SpinningSpark 20:32, 14 July 2014 (UTC)
 * I thought about moving it to the external links section, but considered that it would have issues there as well. The best way forward would be to get a reliable secondary source to mention this, but it is somewhat off-topic to mention a fund raising venture in a Wikipedia article.-- ♦Ian Ma c M♦  (talk to me) 20:38, 14 July 2014 (UTC)

New external link
Hi, I seek advice and guidance. I'm involved in the development of a non-commercial "hobby-site", 'Oliver Heaviside' at http://www.oliver-heaviside.net/. I think that this meritsa place in the 'External links'. However, I suspect that if I try to add the link, the wrath of Wikipedians will descend upon me. Can I ask others to look at the site and decide whether it's worthy of inclusion? Geoffw1948 (talk) 14:00, 11 January 2015 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Geoffw1948 (talk • contribs)
 * Our guideline is at External links. Take a look at that, and then tell us what rationale you have for including it under the guidelines.  Take particular note of "links normally to be avoided" point #1. SpinningSpark 16:34, 13 January 2015 (UTC)
 * At the moment, the site does not say much that is not already mentioned in the Wikipedia article, so it would have some issues with WP:EL. The photo gallery is useful.-- ♦Ian Ma c M♦  (talk to me) 18:07, 13 January 2015 (UTC)

Maxwell's original equations and Heaviside's formulations thereof
I am puzzled by this from the article: "Less well known is that Heaviside's equations and Maxwell's are not exactly the same, and in fact it is easier to modify the latter to make them compatible with quantum physics."

I understand that their forms are different, but surely they are equivalent. Saying they are not "exactly the same" is true but sounds strange. Zedshort (talk) 16:31, 11 February 2016 (UTC)
 * The book The Maxwellians has a chapter "Maxwell redressed" and an appendix on Maxwell's equations. The modifications made by Heaviside are spelled out there.Rgdboer (talk) 01:56, 13 February 2016 (UTC)

Insulation resistance vs. wire resistance in the telegrapher's equations
I studied Ramo, Whinnery, and Van Duzer's classic book in detail before designing a pulsed transmission line system. My take is that insulation resistance is not a factor in real systems and that pulse dispersion is caused by resistance in series with the inductor. I believe my wording is more accurate. Overjive (talk) 21:39, 13 March 2017 (UTC)
 * I take it that you were looking at it from the point of view that the resistance of modern insulators is now so high that insulation losses can be entirely ignored. So of course, under those circumstances the Heaviside condition can only be achieved if the conductor resistance is kept so small that it can also be ignored.  That is, effectively a lossless line.  Also, the frequency dependent term in the expression for velocity with G=0 is controlled by CR, not by L/R.  In any case, that is all pretty irrelevant.  Insulators in Heaviside's day were not so good and I don't believe Heaviside ever said anything along the lines of your claim. He was concerned with perfectly balancing RC to LG by increasing L.  That is, of course, impossible if G=0.  Or, as the article says, if 1/G is not too high. In terms of long distance telegraph and telephone cables, the problem Heaviside was looking at, reducing R is not economic because of the vast amount of additional copper that would be required. Adding periodic inductors leaving the existing cable in place was much the cheaper option. This article is about Oliver Heaviside and his research, not Overjive's research. SpinningSpark 22:53, 13 March 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * The dead link is this one:

A translation, if the original German is found, may be a useful contribution to this article. — Rgdboer (talk) 01:19, 2 December 2017 (UTC)
 * Bexte, Peter, "Kabel im Denkraum" (German)
 * Tr. "Cable in the thinking area"

Reactance strangely missing from list
In the list of Heaviside's contributions to electromagnetic vocabulary, the term “reactance” is starkly absent. Did someone else invent that particular term? Or is it an unintended omission? (Perhaps dropped during a cut-and-paste.) 2603:3004:210:DE00:A045:B48E:4D3:A344 (talk) 05:44, 11 December 2017 (UTC)

This whole article is anti-intellectualism and slander campaign against Oliver Heaviside. When you bring up valid points you are you are ignored because there is really nothing to debate. Those who claim to be English and write articles as so, are imposters to the Anglo-Saxon.K00la1dx (talk) 18:06, 22 November 2022 (UTC)
 * Please don't rant, and please don't be insulting. What is it about reactance that you think is wrong? Or have you posted in the wrong section? According to the Electrical reactance article, the term was coined by French engineer M. Hospitalier, not Heaviside. SpinningSpark 19:21, 22 November 2022 (UTC)

Heaviside's opinion of relativity.
This is not mentioned in the article and little seems to be known but one thing that is certain is that he was against it. I once read some of his letters held at the Heaviside Collection in London referred to in the article. I cannot remember exact details now which is why I add remarks on the talk page. In one letter commenting on a review of the Special Theory he said "It is a good review but the theory is of course all nonsense" In another letter I remember he called General Relativity "a theory of curved nothingness". Typical Heaviside! Perhaps someone may be interested to find out his views more exactly.JFB80 (talk) 21:16, 23 September 2020 (UTC) Read Heaviside's electromagnetic theory. There is absolutely no need for Einstein. Einstein even admitted that there was in fact an ether. K00la1dx (talk) 16:34, 1 October 2021 (UTC)

Heaviside invented vector calculus
I can't believe it says in the article that Heaviside independently developed vector calculus when he was the inventor. Has anyone read all three books of Heaviside's electromagnetic theory? Who do you think was the inventor? Did you know Heaviside disproved the atomic model of the atom in his works?K00la1dx (talk) 12:15, 29 September 2021 (UTC)

Introduction of complex numbers to circuit analysis
I've put a citation needed on the claim that this is due to Heaviside. The claim is not expanded on in the article and I've found several sources that contradict it. Kline names Wietlisbach as the first to use this analysis (Kline, p. 1669). Several sources name Kennelly (eg ). Kline also says that while Heaviside noted that his "resistance operator" was a complex number, he did not write his equations in complex form (Kline, p. 1671). SpinningSpark 13:30, 30 November 2022 (UTC)

"Also during his latter years, Heaviside introduced the concept of reactance. " https://www.electronics-notes.com/articles/history/pioneers/oliver-heaviside-biography.php

This is a credible website crediting Heaviside to Reactance. — Preceding unsigned comment added by K00la1dx (talk • contribs) 13:21, 2 December 2022 (UTC)
 * The site is a one-man show by Ian Poole who is not a historian and the site has no editorial oversight. So no, not reliable in this context.  I'm not going to repeat all the things I said in Talk:Electrical reactance because you already know that this claim is wrong and we don't need to have the same discussion twice.  In any case, introducing the concept of reactance is entirely separate from introducing complex numbers into circuit analysis.  Reactance can perfectly well be introduced and defined without using complex numbers at all, and frequently is taught that way.  So even if Heaviside had introduced it, nothing is proved about complex analysis. SpinningSpark 19:26, 2 December 2022 (UTC)
 * Here is a credible point: Maxwell's equations: Heaviside made vector calculus physics from Tait and Gibbs, and the physics part from Maxwell. On the Wikipedia website, Maxwell's equations is credited to Heaviside. He "stole" ideas from other people but Heaviside's "Electromagnetic Theory" is really the touchdown pass. By that same note, it was Heaviside who should be largely credited to Reactance. K00la1dx (talk) 23:30, 19 December 2022 (UTC)

The Institute of Engineering and Technology
I hope this addition is acceptable without prior 'talk' notification. The words and cites have been checked by IET Archives and should therefore be correct in all aspects. Please feel free to use the email in cite 28 if you wish to query anything. Windswept (talk) 19:25, 27 November 2023 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Oliver Heaviside


text:
Wikipedia talk:Sending letters

Should the poll be started at once - isn't it better to just discuss first? / Habj 20:20, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I attempted to solicit discussion earlier, but nobody seemed to have anything to say about it. Feel free to discuss first. Andre ( talk ) 20:29, August 19, 2005 (UTC)

[comment based on this version]:
 * I don't understand the point of this vote. You're expecting Jimmy to sign these letters, but as far as I know, you haven't actually asked if whether he'd be willing to do that. You can't just start voting on what he is or isn't going to do with his own time.

 * "All responses to the letter sent back to Wikimedia are linked here" - who is going to do that? This seems very impractical to demand by voting that any volunteer should be doing this.

 * Why would any letters that are not official business of the Wikimedia Foundation be sent on official stationery? Angela. 22:20, August 19, 2005 (UTC)

 * The board itself does not even have/use official Wikimedia headed letters... Anthere 23:23, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

 * In theory we might though since James F. made some when he made the business cards. Angela. 00:33, August 20, 2005 (UTC)

 * Perhaps the setup is impractical. The idea was to send request letters that carry the weight and prestige of the Wikimedia Foundation, yet bear the messages of individual nobody editors. I wasn't going to bother Jimmy with the concept before there was even a consensus that this should be done to begin with, but apparently he's made his opinion on it clear. Also, I wasn't just assuming or expecting that he'd be able to do it, note that I wrote Jimbo, perhaps? Andre ( talk ) 21:03, August 20, 2005 (UTC)

No one can send letters under official letterhead without the explicit approval of the foundation, therefore this vote is misguided. Jimbo Wales 03:06, August 20, 2005 (UTC)

From Jimbo's talk page: I'm not sure why you deleted the page... although I was proposing a system for sending snail mail (for which step 3 was If it has consensus, letter is passed on to Wikimedia Foundation official for approval), the page had a separate section that was intended to be a guideline for sending independent, non-Wikimedia-approved mail. I'm going to restore the page and delete the offending section for now. Andre ( talk ) 04:48, August 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * And besides, rejected proposals go to Category:Wikipedia rejected policies. Andre ( talk ) 04:51, August 20, 2005 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia talk:Sending letters


text:
Antonio Pérez (baseball)

Antonio Miguel Pérez (born January 26, 1980) is a retired Major League Baseball player. In 2005, he led the Los Angeles Dodgers with 11 stolen bases. Pérez signed a minor league contract with the Washington Nationals for the 2008 season, but was released during spring training. In March 2009, he signed a minor league contract with the Atlanta Braves.

While a minor leaguer, Pérez was involved in two major trades. He went from the Cincinnati Reds to the Seattle Mariners in the Ken Griffey Jr. trade in 2000, and was later sent to the Tampa Bay Devil Rays for Randy Winn. Also, in 2005, he was sent to the Oakland A's for Andre Ethier.

title: Antonio Pérez (baseball)


text:
Rainbow bee-eater

The rainbow bee-eater (Merops ornatus) is a near passerine bird in the bee-eater family Meropidae.

Taxonomy
The rainbow bee-eater is the only species of Meropidae found in Australia and is monotypic. Its closest relative is most likely the olive bee-eater (Merops superciliosus) of southern and eastern Africa, but molecular phylogenetic analysis places the rainbow bee-eater as closest relative with the European bee-eater (M. apiaster). It was first described by John Latham in 1801. The generic name is Ancient Greek merops which means 'bee-eater' and the specific epithet is Latin ornatus 'ornate, adorned'.

Description
Rainbow bee-eaters are brilliantly coloured birds that grow to be 23–28 cm in length, including the elongated tail feathers, and weighing 20-33 g. The upper back and wings are green in colour, and the lower back and under-tail coverts are bright blue. The undersides of the wings and primary flight feathers are rufous to copper with green edges and tipped with black, and the tail is black to deep violet. The rainbow bee-eater's two central tail feathers are longer than the other tail feathers, and are longer in the male rainbow bee-eaters than in the females. The crown of the head, the stomach and breast, and the throat are pale yellow-orange in color, and it has a black crescent-shaped gorget and a black stripe, edged with blue, extending through its bright red eye. They have small, syndactylous feet (i.e., with toes partly united). The juvenile has a greener crown, lacks throat bands and tail streamers.

Distribution and habitat
Rainbow bee-eaters are a common species and can be found during the summer in forested areas in most of southern Australia, excluding Tasmania. They migrate north during the winter into northern Australia, New Guinea, and some of the southern islands of Indonesia. A vagrant has been recorded on Miyako Island, Japan.

They may be found in open woodlands, beaches, dunes, cliffs, mangroves, and farmlands, and they often visit parks and private gardens.

Behaviour
Like all bee-eaters, rainbow bee-eaters are very social birds. When they are not breeding they roost together in large groups in dense undergrowth or large trees.

Vocalization
The rainbow bee-eater makes a series of loud, melodious "pir-r-r" calls, characterized by rapid vibrating and high pitch, usually in flight. A softer, slower call is exchanged between perching birds.

Nesting
Rainbow bee-eaters are ground-nesting birds, like all bee-eaters. Breeding season is before and after the rainy season in the north, and from November to January in the south. Rainbow bee-eaters are believed to mate for life. The male will bring the female insects while she digs the burrow that will be their nest. The bee-eater digs its burrow by balancing on its wings and feet, and digs with its bill, then pushing loose soil backwards with its feet while balancing on its bill. The female bee-eater can dig about three inches down every day. The nest tunnel is very narrow, and the birds' bodies press so tightly against the tunnel walls that when the birds enter and exit their movement acts like a piston, pumping in fresh air and pushing out stale air. Rainbow bee-eaters have also been known to share their nest tunnels with other bee-eaters and sometimes even other species of birds. The female lays between 3 and 7 rounded, translucent white eggs, measuring 24 by, which are incubated for about 21 to 24 days until hatching. The young bee-eaters fledge after 28 to 31 days and are fed by both parents, as well as by any other members of the communal group. Cane toads are known to prey on nestlings.

Diet
Rainbow bee-eaters mostly eat flying insects, but, as their name implies, they have a real taste for bees. Rainbow bee-eaters are always watching for flying insects, and can spot a potential meal up to 45 metres away. Once it spots an insect a bee-eater will swoop down from its perch and catch it in its long, slender, black bill and fly back to its perch. Bee-eaters will then knock their prey against their perch to subdue it. Even though rainbow bee-eaters are actually immune to the stings of bees and wasps, upon capturing a bee they will rub the insect's stinger against their perch to remove it, closing their eyes to avoid being squirted with poison from the ruptured poison sac. Bee-eaters can eat several hundred bees a day, so they are obviously resented by beekeepers, but their damage is generally balanced by their role in keeping pest insects such as locusts and hornets under control.

Roe 8 controversy
Opponents of the Roe 8 project in Perth, Western Australia, claimed that the rainbow bee-eater migrates to the Beeliar Wetlands, which is in the pathway of the Roe Highway extension. Following the 11 March 2017 election, the incoming Labor Government suspended this project and reclamation work by volunteers has begun.

Conservation status
The rainbow bee-eater is a common, migratory species with a wide distribution and stable population, which is classified as least concern on the IUCN Red List.

title: Rainbow bee-eater


text:
Cumberland Lodge

Cumberland Lodge is a 17th-century Grade II listed country house in Windsor Great Park 3.5 miles south of Windsor Castle. Since 1947 it has been occupied by the charitable foundation known as Cumberland Lodge. The gardens of Cumberland Lodge are Grade I listed on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens.

History of the building
The house was built by John Byfield, an army captain, in 1650 when Oliver Cromwell divided up and sold off lots in Windsor Great Park. The house was called Byfield House until 1670. It was then renamed New Lodge, and at times was also known as Windsor Lodge or Ranger Lodge. After the Restoration, King Charles II made the house the official residence of the Ranger of the Great Park – a Crown appointment always held by someone close to the Sovereign.

Among those who have lived at the Lodge were:

 * Baptist May, the first resident Ranger;
 * Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough (1702–1744); John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough who died there in 1722;
 * John Spencer (1744–1746);
 * Prince William, Duke of Cumberland, son of King George II (1746–1765);
 * Prince Henry, Duke of Cumberland and Strathearn, son of Frederick, Prince of Wales (1765–1790);
 * Anne, Duchess of Cumberland and Strathearn, widow of Henry (1790–1803);
 * George Spencer-Churchill, 5th Duke of Marlborough (until 1822);
 * Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex, son of King George III (1830–1843);
 * General William Wemyss of Wemyss, Scottish soldier in the British Army and member of parliament died at the lodge in 1852;
 * Princess Helena, daughter of Queen Victoria and wife of Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein (after their marriage in 1866);
 * Lord Fitzalan of Derwent, last Viceroy of Ireland (1923–1947).

During 1936 Cumberland Lodge was used for meetings between Alexander Hardinge (the King's Private Secretary) and Stanley Baldwin (the Prime Minister), which eventually led to the abdication of Edward VIII.

History of the foundation
In 1947 King George VI granted Cumberland Lodge to a new educational foundation, with Amy Buller as its Warden and Sir Walter Moberly as its Principal (1949–55). Buller had recently published her groundbreaking book, Darkness over Germany (1943), about the rise of Nazi sentiments among students and academics in Germany in the late 1930s.

The book impressed leading figures in a nation that was still at war, including Queen Elizabeth (later the Queen Mother), who invited Buller to Buckingham Palace in 1944 to discuss the lessons that could be learnt, to avoid a repeat of 1930s Germany. This led to a determination to set up a place where students, and those responsible for the guidance of young people, could meet to discuss the contributions that they could make, through their studies and future lives, to build a better society and secure a lasting peace. Amy Buller conceived of the idea of a residential centre where students could come with their teachers and, in a relaxed atmosphere, to consider important ethical and social issues outside the normal confines of their degree courses. This was established at the Lodge three years later.

The Queen became patron of the new organisation, which was originally called the St Catharine's Foundation and later (in 1968) became The King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Foundation of St Catharine. That remains the official name of the foundation to this day. In June 2005 a new incorporated charity, called simply Cumberland Lodge, assumed the operating role and assets of the foundation. However, the original charity continues to exist as the holder of the warrant for the property.

Following the death of the Queen Mother in 2002, Queen Elizabeth II became patron of the charity in 2003 and remained in the role until her death in 2022.

Cumberland Lodge today
Key themes of work include the Rule of Law, Youth & Democracy, Freedom of Religion and Belief, and Exploring Ethics, as well as two annual student conferences: Life Beyond the PhD, and the International Student Christmas Conference.

The building is not open to the general public for viewing; however, there are open days, conferences and dining events throughout the year.

Various interior and exterior shots of Lodge can be seen in the 2010 film The King's Speech.

Articles

 * John Goodall, "Cumberland Lodge, Windsor: The royal seat of learning", Country Life, 4 February 2020.
 * David Lee, Feature: Inside Cumberland Lodge, Windsor Express, 18 May 2018.
 * Francis Batt, "How to disagree politely – at Windsor Great Park", Royal Borough Observer, 3 October 2020.
 * Chandler Tregaskes, "How Edwardian high society pre-dated the internet's obsession with fabulous felines". The history of the high society cat fanciers inspired by Louis Wain. Tatler, 3 January 2022.
 * Annie Goldsmith, "A Never-Before-Published Diary Reveals What Life Was Like for Queen Elizabeth in WWII". Excerpts from The Windsor Diaries about Queen Elizabeth & Princess Margaret]. Town & Country Magazine, 4 May 2021.

title: Cumberland Lodge


text:
Longimanus

Longimanus may refer to:

 * Oceanic whitetip shark (Carcharhinus longimanus), a tropical and warm temperate seas shark
 * Artaxerxes I of Persia, who was surnamed in Greek as μακρόχειρ Macrocheir or Longimanus in Latin.

title: Longimanus


text:
Timmy 2000

"Timmy 2000" (the third of four episodes titled after the "2000" fad) is the third episode and the 4th episode in production order of the fourth season of the American animated television series South Park, and the 51st episode of the series overall. It originally aired on April 19, 2000. The episode is rated TV-MA in the United States and has a 12 certificate in the United Kingdom.

Plot
The boys have a new fellow student in their class, the mentally and physically handicapped Timmy, who is only capable of saying his own name, the phrase "libalah", and otherwise a very limited number of words. Mr. Garrison and Principal Victoria do not realize the extent of Timmy's handicaps, and Mr. Mackey suggests that Timmy may have ADD. They send him to a doctor who diagnoses him in a very odd fashion (reading The Great Gatsby in its entirety, then asking one random question about a mundane detail from the book). Timmy is then freed from all homework and schoolwork questions, leading all the other kids in the class to claim that they also have ADD in an attempt to get out of their homework. They are all promptly diagnosed with the condition using a similar method as Timmy, and they are all prescribed Ritalin as a result.

Without the burden of homework, Timmy finds a new pastime as he is discovered by The Lords of the Underworld (the rock band consisting of Shelley Marsh's ex-boyfriend, Skyler, and his two friends, as seen in the season three "Cat Orgy"), which takes him on as its new lead singer. The band becomes instantly successful due to Timmy's antics. However, many people are upset as they think that Timmy is being ridiculed. Phil Collins in particular is displeased with the new band, which has been booked to open for him at the Lalapalalapaza festival. Shortly after, Timmy and the Lords of the Underworld (at this point only referred to as "Timmy") take Collins's place as the headliners of the festival.

The other boys have actually started to take their Ritalin medication, making them very calm and rather boring. Cartman develops a side effect from Ritalin that causes him to see pink Christina Aguilera monsters (one of which causes him to accidentally kill Kenny). The adults are uncomfortable among them, but accept their new kind and obedient children when they also start taking Ritalin. Chef and the pharmacists are the only people left who are not under the drug's influence.

Meanwhile, Phil Collins tries to break up Timmy and the Lords of the Underworld. First by appealing to Timmy's parents, Richard and Helen (who also have large heads, use wheelchairs, and unable to say anything other than their names), and later by telling the guitarist, Skyler, that Timmy is stealing his fame and is only holding Skyler back, reminiscing to his Genesis era. Skyler leaves the band, which is subsequently cancelled from the festival. Collins regains his headlining spot, and Skyler's solo project Reach for the Skyler is booked to open for him, but Skyler bails out.

In the meantime, Chef tries to convince the parents that there are other methods to fight ADD than medication, namely beating the children to force them to "sit down and study" from a doctor that does a bold-free treatment without medication, but as the parents are all taking Ritalin too, he does not get any help. After the boys come in and tell Chef that they want to go to the festival to see Phil Collins perform, Chef decides to go confront the pharmacist alone. As the pharmacist and doctor who prescribed the Ritalin are counting their profits, Chef angrily tells them that they are responsible for the children liking Collins. Horrified that they are responsible for this, they make a plan to distribute an antidote called "Ritalout" (which, in one scene, is in a bottle labeled MDMA) by mixing it into free drinks at the Lalapalalapaza festival. They get the drinks from a lemonade stand run by Mr. Derp (a minor character who appeared last in "The Succubus").

The plan works perfectly; all the symptoms of Ritalin wears off, Collins is booed from the stage, and the crowd starts chanting for Timmy. The band reunites with Skyler and they play their show. Timmy even learns the words to introduce the band properly. Collins is carried out of the arena via crowd surfing, with the position of the Oscar implied to have been inserted in his anus. This was shown in a segment which aired during the last 20 seconds of the episode.

Cultural references
Phil Collins is always seen holding an Academy Award. This refers to his award in 1999 for best song, "You'll Be in My Heart" (referred to in the episode as "You'll Be in Me") from Disney's Tarzan, which won against a song from South Park: Bigger, Longer and Uncut, called "Blame Canada."

Collins' appearance and mannerisms in the episode are similar to the "Gumby" character as seen in Monty Python's Flying Circus, one of Stone and Parker's influences. The characters always mispronounce the name of Lollapalooza, a yearly music event. Kurt Loder is also parodied on an episode of MTV News. Loder ponders why he is still doing this and says, "I've got to be the oldest person on this network by at least 40 years." The MTV News logo is seen with its satellite orbiting the Earth and the announcer states how the network is so cool they decide what is cool. The announcer admits that MTV News and by default MTV proper is single-handedly dumbing down America's youth since the 80s, not unlike what TikTok has been accused of since the 10s.

Legacy
The song featured in this episode, "Timmy and the Lords of the Underworld", is a bonus song in Rock Band. It was also released as a standalone single.

Production
As explained in the FAQ section on the official website, "When the year 2000 was coming up, everyone and their brother had '2000' in the titles of their products and TV shows. America was obsessed with 2000, so Trey Parker put '2000' in the titles to make fun of the ubiquity of the phrase. However the joke soon got old after the first four episodes so they decided to drop it."

title: Timmy 2000


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/"Alterac Valley for Tuesday" thread

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Coffee 10:32, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

"Alterac Valley for Tuesday" thread
Although the article makes the dubious claim that this thread was referenced in the National Enquirer, I fail to see how a discussion thread is notable enough to warrant an article. 23skidoo 05:25, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, non notable forum thread. Zoe 05:31, August 20, 2005 (UTC)

You are right it was a typo and also some inconsistencies were edited...but deletion is probably imminent whoohw
 * Delete. Not-notable. --GraemeL (talk) 16:33, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. It's funny, but definately not encyclopedic. ~ Syrae Faileas 21:04, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Albertsons Saratoga Avenue, Santa Clara, California

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Coffee 15:42, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

Albertsons Saratoga Avenue, Santa Clara, California
I've been in this Albertson's. I live about six blocks from this Albertson's. There is nothing special about this store. This article is either vanity or advertizing, either way, it should be deleted. Gentgeen 05:27, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep, this store impacts the lives of thousands of people in california everyday. Very notable. Klonimus 13:55, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, we don't need an article on every branch of every chain store in the world. Only keep notable ones, if there are any.  Zoe 05:30, August 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong delete, individual stores in chains are not encyclopedic. --Metropolitan90 05:35, August 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per Zoe and Metropolitan90. -- DS1953 06:02, August 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * del waste of time ---Irpen 06:37, August 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * delete as an unremarkable instance of a chain. --TimPope 07:49, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Maybe I should write an article about my local Safeway. After all, it's my favorite supermarket, Ive known people there for 14 years, they are very friendly, and they have everything I like!!! Total delete --- Antonio Banana Pie Martin 9:51, 20 August, 2005 (UTC)
 * delete--Barista | a/k/a MaI6KeRu | T/C 08:52, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Given the author of the article and past discussions of school VfDs, this may be an example of WP:POINT. ESkog 14:20, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I live about 20 miles or so from this store. If it were notable, I would have heard of it. ;)   [  +t,  +c ,  +m  ] 19:24, August 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, like, totally... to the max. —RaD Man (talk) 23:58, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Change of vote to extreme keep as per Gateman1997 and FCYTravis. —RaD Man (talk) 15:23, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete before I give in to the urge to write about my favourite Edeka store ... --DrTorstenHenning 13:35, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, this article is about a very notable grocery store that serves and provides food to thousands of people. Alot more important and notable then some Elementary school. And yes this is WP:POINT, and a very valid one at that. Most of the critera used for keeping worthless elementary school articles applies to this store too (eg: It's a physical place, has four walls, impacts the lives of thousands of people and it vital to its community). Gateman1997 14:06, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - If individual elementary schools in districts are notable, so are individual stores in chains. FCYTravis 07:17, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - Are we going to create an entry for each of the company's 2,500 stores? What about Safeway... and Kroger? If this were about - say the chain's first store (or other notable location), I might feel differently. - Boisemedia 21:01, August 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Why not? We create dozens of articles about dozens of schools and other places that have no notability. Not to mention that Wikipedia isn't paper.Gateman1997 21:32, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Though I understand your desire to frame this debate around the school argument -- it doesn't wash. A place that children go for 6 (or 7) of the most vital years of their lives -- to get knowledge that will last them a lifetime, does not compare to a place people go to buy a can of tuna fish.  Boisemedia 22:02, August 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * I beg to differ. You can survive without school, you can't survive without tunafish (food).Gateman1997 00:11, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Exactly, as well this store probably has about 100 or more employee's and does several tens of millions in retail turnover. Anyways wiki aint paper, and we don't have a concensus to delete this. Klonimus 00:42, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * how funny, he thinks 11-4 isn't consensus to delete. Gentgeen 00:50, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Just saying there is not consensus doesn't make it true. 12-4 is enough to pass a school bond in most states. How ironic. Boisemedia 06:41, August 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Stop the insanity. Gamaliel 04:08, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Sounds notable. Voyager640 17:55, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * keep please there is no concensus to erase this Yuckfoo 18:02, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Extreme Delete. The article's author was making a WP:POINT about non-notable school articles by creating an article about a very non-notable grocery store. What's next? Are going to start creating articles on each Starbucks? Blank Verse   ∅  10:41, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Why not, wiki aint paper, a typical starbucks serves coffee to upwards of several thousand people each month. That seems notable to me. Klonimus 17:54, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Unrestricted Warfare

Unrestricted Warfare: Two Air Force Senior Colonels on Scenarios for War and the Operational Art in an Era of Globalization is a book on military strategy written in 1999 by two colonels in the People's Liberation Army (PLA), Qiao Liang (乔良) and Wang Xiangsui (王湘穗). Its primary concern is how a nation such as China can defeat a technologically superior opponent (such as the United States) through a variety of means. Rather than focusing on direct military confrontation, this book instead examines a variety of other means such as political warfare. Such means include using legal tools (see lawfare) and economic means as leverage over one's opponent and circumvent the need for direct military action.

Etymology
Taylor Fravel pointed out a common distortion in translation of the subtitle of the book. While it was translated and understood in the West by many as "China’s Master Plan to Destroy America", the actual subtitle was "Two Air Force Senior Colonels on Scenarios for War and the Operational Art in an Era of Globalization".

Source of text
The English translation of the book was first made available by the Foreign Broadcast Information Service in 1999. The book was then published in English by a previously unknown Panamanian publisher, with the subtitle "China's Master Plan to Destroy America" and a picture of the burning World Trade Center on the cover. A French translation was published in 2003.

The text has been cited by the US government, e.g. on a military website by James Perry who states: "In February 1999, the PLA Literature and Arts Publishing House issued Unrestricted Warfare, a book written by two PLA air force political officers, Senior Col Qiao Liang and Senior Col Wang Xiangsui. The venue for publication and the laudatory reviews of the book in official publications suggested that Unrestricted Warfare enjoyed the support of some elements of the PLA leadership. The Western press quoted various sensational passages from the book and described it in terms that verged on hyperbole. The book was not a blueprint for a “dirty war” against the West but a call for innovative thinking on future warfare."

Weaknesses of the United States
The book argues that the primary weakness of the United States in military matters is that the US views revolution in military thought solely in terms of technology. The book further argues that to the US, military doctrine evolves because new technology allows new capabilities. As such, the book argues that the United States does not consider the wider picture of military strategy, which includes legal, economic, information, technological and biological factors, making the case that the United States is vulnerable to attack along asymmetric lines.

Certain passages of the book have aroused controversy, specifically sections suggesting terrorism as a form of asymmetric warfare in order to weaken technologically superior enemies such as the United States. Additionally, analysts have also praised the book for seemingly prescient predictions of 9/11, 3 years before the date of actual events taking place:

Alternative methods of attack
Reducing one's opponent, the book notes, can be accomplished in a number of ways other than direct military confrontation. The book notes that these alternative methods "have the same and even greater destructive force than military warfare, and they have already produced serious threats different from the past and in many directions for...national security."

List of methods of attack

 * psychological warfare
 * smuggling warfare
 * media warfare
 * drug warfare
 * network warfare
 * technological warfare
 * fabrication warfare
 * resources warfare
 * economic aid warfare
 * cultural warfare
 * international law warfare

Defense against unrestricted warfare
The authors note that an old-fashioned mentality that considers military action the only offensive action is inadequate given the new range of threats. Instead, the authors advocate forming a "composite force in all aspects related to national interest. Moreover, given this type of composite force, it is also necessary to have this type of composite force to become the means which can be utilized for actual operations. This should be a "grand warfare method" that combines all of the dimensions and methods in the two major areas of military and non-military affairs so as to carry out warfare. This is the opposite of the formula for warfare methods brought forth in past wars."

Impact and reception
Originally published as a work of military theory, the book has recently garnered renewed interest amongst the backdrop of deteriorating US-China relations and the trade war initiated by the Trump Administration. The book is the subject of extensive study by both current and former members of the US military establishment with numerous papers and articles published on the subject by the National Defense University, Army University Press and the School of Advanced Warfighting. The book is also the source of inspiration for many separate books such as Stealth War and War Without Rules by US Air Force Brigadier General Robert Spalding.

Contents of the book has also been cited as the source of inspiration for hardline US policies towards the People's Republic of China by former chief strategist to the president of the United States Steve Bannon.

title: Unrestricted Warfare


text:
Ohio State Route 385

State Route 385 (SR 385) is an east–west state highway in the western portion of Ohio. The western terminus of State Route 385 is at U.S. Route 33 in New Hampshire, at a signalized intersection that doubles as the southern terminus of State Route 196. State Route 385's eastern terminus is at State Route 117 in the unincorporated community of Roundhead, less than two blocks northwest of State Route 117's junction with State Route 235.

Route description
State Route 385 passes through Auglaize and Hardin Counties. No portion of this highway is included as a part of the National Highway System.

Auglaize County
State Route 385 begins at a signalized intersection with U.S. Route 33 in the hamlet of New Hampshire that also serves as the southern terminus of State Route 196. Heading easterly along Market Street, State Route 385 passes through a residential area for approximately two blocks before entering into rural Goshen Township. The vast majority of State Route 385 passes through open farmland, with homes appearing every so often on both sides of the roadway. After passing Campbell Road, State Route 385 bends to the southeast as it intersects Buffenbarger Road at the Walnut Hill Cemetery. Turning back to the east, the state highway passes Feikert Road prior to crossing into Hardin County.

Hardin County
Now traveling through Roundhead Township, State Route 385 bends to the east-northeast, and passes Township Road 15 before curving back to the east. After successive intersections with Dog Leg Road and Arbogast Road, the state route ultimately bends back to the east-northeast, and makes its way into the unincorporated community of Roundhead. The highway passes a few homes prior to arriving at its endpoint at State Route 117, just two blocks northwest of its junction with State Route 235.

History
Established in 1935 along the routing that it currently occupies, State Route 385 has not seen any significant changes to its routing through its history. The only thing that has changed is the route at its western terminus. Prior to the designation of U.S. Route 33, the highway meeting State Route 385 and State Route 196 in New Hampshire was designated as State Route 32.

title: Ohio State Route 385


text:
The Peter Principle (TV series)

The Peter Principle (broadcast as The Boss in the United States) is a British television sitcom. It was produced by Hat Trick Productions, and first broadcast by the BBC between 1995 and 2000 and by PBS in the United States. The series is set in the Aldbridge branch of the fictional County and Provincial Bank, featuring Jim Broadbent as the title character, its inept manager, and Claire Skinner, Daniel Flynn, Stephen Moore and David Schneider as his employees. The programme takes its name from the Peter Principle, a concept in management theory that states that workers are promoted to their level of incompetence.

Characters

 * Peter Duffley (Peter Duff in the pilot), Branch Manager (portrayed by Jim Broadbent) – Lazy and inept, Peter doesn't seem to take his job too seriously but manages to keep his position and is terrified of the idea of Assistant Manager Susan having any power at the branch.
 * Susan Harvey, Assistant Manager (Lesley Sharp in the pilot; Claire Skinner in the series) – Career-minded and dedicated, Susan seems to be the person actually running the branch.
 * David Edwards, Area Manager (Stuart McQuarrie in the pilot; Daniel Flynn in the series) – David is dedicated to County and Provincial, and knows that Peter doesn't give the job his all, but has a soft spot for him.
 * Geoffrey Parkes, Chief Cashier (David Gant in the pilot; Stephen Moore in the series) – Geoffrey has been with the bank all his working life has little regard or time for Peter. He has his ear to the ground but seems happy not to have climbed to a position of greater responsibility and higher stress.
 * Bradley Wilson, Junior Cashier (David Schneider) – Tech-savvy but not very intelligent, Bradley always obeys Peter out of a sense of fear.
 * Iris, Secretary/Chief Clerk (Janette Legge; series 1) – Iris is middle-aged, quite dim, but appears very competent in her position.
 * Brenda Corrigan, Cashier (series 1; Tracy Keating) – Brenda regards her position at the bank as little more than a pay packet.
 * Barbara, Secretary/Chief Clerk (series 2; Beverley Callard) – Barbara's view of women in the workplace is that they should endeavour to sleep their way to the top. She fails to understand that Susan wishes to climb the ladder on merit alone.
 * Evelyn Walker, Cashier (series 2; Wendy Nottingham) – After appearing in series 1 as a charity worker, Evelyn works for the bank in series 2. She suffers from bad nerves and spends almost as much time on the phone to the Samaritans as she spends doing her work duties.

Locations
Exterior scenes for the series were mainly filmed in Amersham, Buckinghamshire.

title: The Peter Principle (TV series)


text:
Prepa Tec

PrepaTec is a group of high schools located throughout the Monterrey metropolitan area, which branch off from the Tec de Monterrey system. The first high school, Campus Eugenio Garza Sada, was launched in 1975 as a preparation for the university program. Eugenio Garza Sada died shortly before the first school began operations and the campus was named after him. Students are offered between three study plans: Bilingual, which is directed towards students that still need to improve their English skills, and take that subject as an intensive course, with the remaining subjects in Spanish, Multicultural, in which classes are offered in English and students can take up a third language if they prove their English skills are sufficient through a TOEFL test, or the IB Diploma, which is an educational program developed by the International Baccalaureate Organization recognized around the globe.

Facilities
The following campuses are located in Monterrey:

Eugenio Garza Sada
Campus Eugenio Garza Sada is one of the first campuses of the Tecnológico de Monterrey, it began operations in August 1975. It is the oldest of the five PrepaTec campuses in Monterrey. It is located about 4 miles west of the city center within the colonia (neighborhood) of Del Carmen, between the districts of Valle and San Jerónimo, in the bank of the Santa Catarina river. The current principal of this campus is Erika Calles Barrón. This school was accredited an International Baccalaureate school in 1991.

This campus has:

 * 44 classrooms for 35 students each, all of them equipped to use the most modern technology.
 * Computer and Learning Space classrooms.
 * Evaluation Center
 * Collaborate-style classrooms with connections to the campus web.
 * Library
 * Cafeteria
 * Cyber Cafe
 * Cultural Hall
 * Auditorium
 * Gymnasium with exercise equipment
 * Basketball and volleyball courts
 * Handball and tennis courts
 * Soccer field
 * Softball field
 * FIRST Team Botbusters’ 4635 Robotics Workshop, led by Head Coach Francisco Guerra

Eugenio Garza Lagüera
Campus Eugenio Garza Lagüera is located in the southern part of Monterrey City, 10 minutes away from Campus Monterrey. Initially named Preparatoria Eugenio Garza Sada Sur from its foundation until 1989 and later known as Preparatoria Eugenio Garza Lagüera, the school was renamed Campus Eugenio Garza Lagüera in 2001. The current principal of this campus is Alfredo Peña Marín. This school was accredited an IB World School in 2005. This campus has:

 * 57 classrooms for 35 students each, equipped to use the most modern technology.
 * Library
 * Auditorium
 * Cafeteria
 * 5 Computer Classrooms
 * Evaluation Center
 * Cultural Hall
 * Gymnasium with basketball and volleyball courts
 * Gymnasium with exercise equipment
 * Aerobics Room
 * Jazz & Hip-Hop Room
 * Football and Soccer Field
 * Softball Field
 * Track and Field installations
 * Cyber Cafe
 * 3 Parking lots
 * Innovaction Gym
 * FIRST Team Voltec’ 6647 Robotics Workshop, led by Head Coach Ramiro Casas

Santa Catarina
Campus Santa Catarina was inaugurated in 1996, mainly to cover the San Pedro Garza García area. It is located in the district of Santa Catarina, N.L. The current principal of this campus is Crisantos Martínez. This school was accredited an IB World School in 2005.

Cumbres
In August 2001 Campus Cumbres began its operations; it is located in the western part of Monterrey. The current principal of this campus is Oscar Flores Cano. This school was accredited an IB World School in 2005.

This campus has:
 * 23 classrooms for 35 students each, equipped to use the most modern technology
 * Library
 * Evaluation Center
 * Computer and Learning Space classrooms
 * Cultural Hall
 * Gymnasium with exercise equipment
 * Aerobics room
 * Cafeteria
 * Soccer and Football Field
 * 4 multi-purpose courts for basketball, volleyball and indoor soccer
 * Outdoor terraces in each floor of the building
 * Recreational Patios

Valle Alto
In August 2005 Campus Valle Alto began its operations; it is located in the southern part of Monterrey, serving mainly the Valle Alto and part of San Pedro Garza García communities. The current principal of this campus is Engineer Manuel Gómez Candiani. This school was accredited an IB World School in 2006.

This campus has:
 * 25 classrooms for 32 students each, equipped to use the most modern technology
 * Library
 * Cafeteria
 * 2 Computer classrooms
 * Gymnasium with exercise equipment
 * 2 outdoor basketball courts, which can double as volleyball and tennis courts
 * Soccer field
 * Evacuation Center
 * 2 Parking lots, one atop and one below.
 * Cultural Hall

title: Prepa Tec


text:
Wikipedia:Requests for comment/Erwin Walsh

In order to remain listed at Requests for comment, at least two people need to show that they tried to resolve a dispute with this user and have failed. This must involve the same dispute with a single user, not different disputes or multiple users. The persons complaining must provide evidence of their efforts, and each of them must certify it by signing this page with ~. If this does not happen within 48 hours of the creation of this dispute page (which was: {insert UTC timestamp with }), the page will be deleted. The current date and time is:, 29 July 2024 (UTC).

This RfC is now closed. SlimVirgin (talk) 19:19, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

 * (Erwin Walsh | talk | contributions)

Statement of the dispute
''This is a summary written by users who dispute this user's conduct. Users signing other sections ("Response" or "Outside views") should not edit the "Statement of the dispute" section.''

Erwin Walsh has been disrupting the community by opening VfDs in bad faith. He has also made personal attacks against users who vote to keep the articles he nominated.

Description
Erwin Walsh participates heavily in VfD. While some of the articles he nominates are eventually deleted, several nominations were made in bad faith. He's only been here for a week, but he has already nominated at least 27 articles for deletion. During the nomination, he often makes rude comments toward either the article or the users voting to keep the article. He appears to be have a prejudice against homosexuality, a factor that provides an explanation for his votes on anal masturbation and the Blow Brothers. (Evidence listed below).

Evidence of disputed behavior
(provide diffs and links)
 * Keeps a record of VfD he participates in here.
 * Puts MathPlayer up for VfD. Says MathPlayer should be moved to "geekpedia." Is opposed unanimously.
 * Puts Dark Lords Council up for VfD. While many users agree that it isn't notable, Erwin Walsh begins by saying, "Get a life."
 * Nominates anal masturbation for VfD. His comments indicate a prejudice against homosexuality. . Tells user to "Shut the fuck up"
 * Votes on the Blow Brothers VfD, simply by calling it "Ghey."

Applicable policies
{list the policies that apply to the disputed conduct}
 * WP:NPOV
 * WP:NPA
 * WP:AGF
 * WP:POINT
 * WP:CIV

Evidence of trying and failing to resolve the dispute
(provide diffs and links)
 * Removes warning from Gorgonzilla.
 * Gorgonzilla upgrades Test2a warning to Test4 warning. Erwin removes.

Evidence of misconduct after the opening of this RfC

 * Removes notice of the ongoing Rfc from his user page, re-reverts after it is replaced
 * Removes link to this RfC from the RfC main page.
 * Makes a personal attack on Acetic Acid on Gorgonzilla's talk page.
 * Comments on Final Fantasy VI's FA nomination, calling the game 'shit.'

Walsh has changed the notice of the Rfc
 * Request for Comment: Due to your distruptive behavior during recent VfDs, I've opened a RfC against you. Please go to it and provide a response. You can find it here. Acetic Acid 05:33, August 20, 2005 (UTC)

to a comment that entirely and deliberately misleads. This is bad faith.
 * Hey: Thanks for your great contributions! Acetic Acid 05:33, August 20, 2005 (UTC)

--Gorgonzilla 17:03, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

Walsh has removed the WP:NPOV item from the list of policies involved  Walsh's edit comment claims that this is a 'troll', however it is not for him to decide what the charges against him are. He has conspicuously failled to take advantage of the opportunity to reply. This is yet another example of failing to take the complaints against him seriously. --Gorgonzilla 14:09, 5 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Are you arguing that NPOV does infact apply to users?  Erwin
 * Speaking solely for myself, on reflection I suspect you may have a valid defense in the NPOV matter in regard to talk pages (although other policy violations may have been involved), in that it is not clear (to me at least) what extent the policy applies to talk pages or not. I would encourage you to elaborate on that in the proper place. However, the protocol for RfC's requires you to place any response in the Response section, and not edit the charges themselves — a matter which the policy is quite clear about. The first time you could plead ignorance of the policy, and might be excusable since the notice about that was removed from the template at RfC creation. Once replaced, the second edit cannot be excused by ignorance, and is certainly "Evidence of misconduct after the opening of this RfC".
 * In a related matter, Hipocrite's and Acetic Acid's comments in Erwin's Response section seem inconsistent with the RfC "proper forms", although (in my biased view) less egregious, and Erwin's comment above (but struck out) is also inappropriate. All three should review the note at the end of the RfC about Discussion. Further such commenting by Hipocrite of Acetic Acid might count against their position if the matter goes to Arbitration. In this case, Erwin's comment may not be excused by ignorance, as that portion has remained intact from creation, and this would count as another (comparatively trivial) instance of his misconduct. Abb3w 12:42, 6 September 2005 (UTC)

Walsh has repeatedly accused me of sending threatening emails, this is completely untrue as an examination of the email logs will demonstrate.  --Gorgonzilla 00:35, 6 September 2005 (UTC)

Walsh has also posted insulting messages to other users talk pages.

Users certifying the basis for this dispute
(sign with ~ )
 * Acetic Acid 05:30, August 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * --Gorgonzilla 12:05, 21 August 2005 (UTC)

Other users who endorse this summary
(sign with ~ )
 * Marskell 11:16, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I especially support Gorgonzilla's sentiments below. Meelar (talk) 15:07, August 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * It is highly unlikely that Walsh is a sincere deletionist. He is either a troll or an anti-deletionist making a WP:POINT. The account is freshly created although it is obvious that he is a very experienced Wikipedia user. Mirror Vax 23:09, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * ESkog 00:21, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * RSpeer 01:13, August 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * In addition to endorsing the summary of the issues above, I find the claim added on his talk page (still there as of most recent edit) to be "taking a two month Wikibreak to Bermuda" as an excuse for not responding to talk page criticism to be a blatant problem, despite the clear evidence that no such WikiBreak is occuring. This is compounded by his habit of removing comments about it, either from context within the page or from the page entirely. If Wikipedia supports administrator examination of the IP addresses which registered users sign in from, I suspect research on his /24 block might support Mirror Vax's allegations. Abb3w 05:36, 25 August 2005 (UTC) User had under 100 edits at time of endorsing this RFC. (Unsigned comment by Erwin Walsh)
 * Explodicle 04:49, 1 September 2005 (UTC) User had under 100 edits at time of endorsing this RFC. (Unsigned comment by Erwin Walsh)
 * R e  dwolf24  (talk) 22:58, 18 September 2005 (UTC) Erwin has been rather mean to Acetic Acid from what I've seen.
 * Norvy 16:10, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

Reform ?
Walsh's early behavior had been very disrptive, tagging articles with VfD minutes after creation without bothering to do the simplest checks such as looking up a person on Google. He tagged one article as a copyvio a minute after creation even though it was simply being split off from the Jack Abramoff article and the material had been copied from Wikipedia.

More worrying was his reaction to complaints, instead of saying oops sorry I will try to be a little more careful he put a notice on his user page stating that his 'policy' for handling criticism was to ignore all criticism. He currently has a notice stating that he is on a two month wikibreak and won't be able to answer any criticism and deleted my note pointing out that since he had posted frequently afterwards that this was obviously untrue.

More recently Erwin has largely desisted from bulk VfD nominations. But the homophobic nature of his VfD on anal masturbation is not acceptable.

At this point I think that Walsh is capable of making a positive contribution but he may not be willing to do so. I think it really depends on what his reaction to this RfC is.--Gorgonzilla 12:14, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

Walsh just deleted the criticism of him from his User page and in particular the link to this Rfc. That and the deliberate lie on his user page that is clearly there to try to deflect criticism means that I now change my vote to delete. --Gorgonzilla 16:06, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

Response
''This is a summary written by the user whose conduct is disputed, or by other users who think that the dispute is unjustified and that the above summary is biased or incomplete. Users signing other sections ("Statement of the dispute" and "Outside Views") should not edit the "Response" section.'' ''

An excerpt taken from Requests_for_comment:

An RfC filed in bad faith would include an editor using the RFC process to make false accusations of policy violations, and then getting their friends to help certify the RFC, or finding people who have had arguments elsewhere with the accused, and inviting them to certify or endorse the RfC in an attempt to snowball the process.

Pretty much sums up this RFC.

Users who endorse this summary (sign with ~ ):
 * 1)  Erwin

Outside view
''This is a summary written by users not directly involved with the dispute but who would like to add an outside view of the dispute. Users editing other sections ("Statement of the dispute" and "Response") should not edit the "Outside Views" section, except to endorse an outside view.''

{Add summary here, but you must use the endorsement section below to sign. Users who edit or endorse this summary should not edit the other summaries.}

Users who endorse this summary (sign with ~ ):
 * 1) "Shut the fuck up" on VfD caught me. Rude, bad-faith user. Marskell 11:19, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) I have been keeping an eye on this user for a while as his erratic, disruptive and abusive manner was evident. The reverts to his talkpage of anything critical are the signs of an unhealthy attitude towards this project. --Lomedae 08:23, August 28, 2005 (UTC)

Outside view by McClenon
I think that Erwin Walsh has been guilty of not being civil. I do not see any other obvious violation of Wikiquette. Keeping a log of votes for deletion that he proposed is a statement of his encyclopedic philosophy: "When in doubt, delete." As to any alleged prejudice, I concur with the comments of User:ElvisThePrince that prejudice is undesirable, but is not an offense against Wikiquette unless it leads to non-neutral editing or personal attacks.

I suggest that "Please do not bite the newcomers" applies, and that this user should be aware that he needs to refrain from foul comments, and should be given a chance to do that. Robert McClenon 20:31, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

Users who endorse this summary (sign with ~ ):
 * 1) Robert McClenon 20:31, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) --ElvisThePrince 21:42, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) Kyle Andrew Brown 04:07, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * 4)  Erwin
 * 5) Septentrionalis 20:39, 5 September 2005 (UTC)
 * 6) -- Soir (say hi) 22:18, 23 September 2005 (UTC)

Outside View by User:ElvisThePrince
''This is a summary written by users not directly involved with the dispute but who would like to add an outside view of the dispute. Users editing other sections ("Statement of the dispute" and "Response") should not edit the "Outside Views" section, except to endorse an outside view.''

 * 1) (In response to Summary and evidence of disputed behavior points 1,2,3) I don't think the number of VFD's in itself is nessecarily a problem (especialy as a fair proportion 60% end up as delete) and neithier is keeping a list of VFD's he is involved in, although placing articles on VFD minutes after they have first been created probably is and it would appear a voilation of WP:POINT.
 * 2) (In response to evidence of disputed behavior point 4) Being Homophobic whilst not exactly a particularly plesant character trait (in my view) is not nessecarily a problem provided it dosn't spill over into personal attacks are which (and thus a violation of WP:NPAand WP:AGF), and if once a VFD was resolved as KEEP if he bitched about it (which I have seen no evidence of but didn't look too hard)
 * 3) (In response to Evidence of trying and failing to resolve the dispute points 1, 2) In my view the removal of the variouse warnings is not a problem in itself, if he is removeing them you have to assume that he has read them and their audiance would appear to be him (although the placement is obviouse evidence of an attempt to resolve the issue).
 * 4) (In response to Evidence of trying and failing to resolve the dispute point 3) It seems to me that a persons "User:" space is their own so the deletion of conversations is up to him, perhaps the content of them could be mirrored elsewhere if participants feel the need to retain them for any purpose (the talk page of this RFC for instance), however the "editing" of User:Acetic Acid's comments is a problem and probably against WP:AGF, WP:NPA and arguably vandalism.

Users who endorse this summary (sign with ~ ):
 * 1) Robert McClenon 20:21, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) --ElvisThePrince 21:43, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

Outside View by User:Lulu of the Lotus-Eaters
''This is a summary written by users not directly involved with the dispute but who would like to add an outside view of the dispute. Users editing other sections ("Statement of the dispute" and "Response") should not edit the "Outside Views" section, except to endorse an outside view.''

I have not followed the VfD's much, so have not observed Erwin Walsh's poor behavior there. However, I happen to be following a rather contentious Wikiproject: WikiProject Wikipedians for encyclopedic merit. To sum up the contention, the project was initially started as "Wikipedians for decency", and was basically devoted to trying to censor sexual images on WP. A number of members joined who wanted to help reformulate the project as something that was of actual value to WP, such as creating a system for voluntary annotation of content.

Some of the earlier signers, those who like Erwin Walsh who were devoted to a more Comstockian vision of the Wikiproject, had the wrong impression that a Wikiproject belongs to the first few members who join. Erwin Walsh (and unfortunately, several other users), launched into a program of mass deleting the membership statments and comments by any Wikipedians whom he disagreed with. This is a clear WP-abuse, probably vandalism. For example:

 * 1)
 * 2)
 * 3)
 * 4)

There are a bunch more too. And some more that are comment deletions on the talk page.

Users who endorse this summary (sign with ~ ):
 * 1) Lulu of the Lotus-Eaters 03:56, 2005 August 31 (UTC)
 * 2) Hipocrite - « Talk » 16:15, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * 3)  Acetic  ' Acid  18:54, September 2, 2005 (UTC)

Discussion
All signed comments and talk not related to a vote or endorsement, should be directed to this page's discussion page. Discussion should not be added below. Discussion should be posted on the talk page. Threaded replies to another user's vote, endorsement, evidence, response, or comment should be posted to the talk page.


text:
Chris Cheney

Christopher John Cheney (born 2 January 1975) is an Australian rock musician, record producer, and studio owner. He is the founding mainstay guitarist, songwriter, and lead vocalist of the rockabilly band The Living End, which was formed in 1994 with schoolmate Scott Owen. Cheney wrote the group's top 20 hits on the ARIA Singles Chart: "Second Solution" / "Prisoner of Society" (1997), "All Torn Down" (1999), "Pictures in the Mirror" (2000), "Roll On" (2001), "One Said to the Other" (2003), "What's on Your Radio" (2005), "Wake Up" (2006), and "White Noise" (2008). In 2004, Cheney joined the supergroup The Wrights which put out a cover version of Stevie Wright's epic 11-minute track, "Evie" as a single. At the 2009 APRA Music Awards, Cheney won Song of the Year for writing The Living End's track, "White Noise". In 2005, he married his girlfriend Emma; the couple has two daughters and are co-owners of a recording facility, Red Door Sounds. In 2011, the Cheney family relocated to Los Angeles.

Personal life
Cheney was born on 2 January 1975 and grew up in Wheelers Hill, an outer-eastern suburb of Melbourne. His father is Noel Cheney. At the age of five years, he saw his first rock performance at VFL Park, which was close to his home, it was a gig by the American rock band, Kiss. He attended Jells Park Primary School in between 1981 and 1987 and then Wheelers Hill Secondary College. He later studied Jazz at Box Hill Institute of TAFE between 1994 and 1995. Cheney started playing the guitar at the age of six he taught himself how to play by listening to AC/DC cassette tapes over and over and practising what he heard. His major influence was Brian Setzer (Stray Cats), a guitarist and singer-songwriter.

On 22 September 2001, Cheney was injured in a car crash where his right leg was crushed, which required surgery with a rod and three pins being inserted to stabilize the fracture. He was initially confined to bed and later used a walking stick for the next six months. He was unable to play the guitar until he was rehabilitated. His future wife, Emma, was also inside the vehicle, but escaped with only minor injuries. Cheney eventually married Emma in 2005, they have two daughters: Charlie Bella (born 2006) and Scarlett Lyric (born 2008). In October 2010, Chris and Emma, along with his manager Rae Harvey and her partner Woody Annison, opened their own recording studio, Red Door Sounds. On 25 April 2011, his father, Noel, died having been diagnosed with cancer the previous year. Late that year, the Cheneys moved to live in Los Angeles, California. On their new life in L.A., Cheney remarked: "Both our littlies are in school here ... It's everyday life. You get up, mad rush in the morning, school drop-off, I come home, write a few songs, bum around and it's school pick-up again. It's life as we knew it, just in a different country". In 2020, Cheney and his family relocated back to Melbourne due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Music career
Cheney met Scott Owen at Jells Park Primary School and they began their career together in 1992, in a Melbourne band, The Runaway Boys, who took their name from a Stray Cats album, Runaway Boys – which Cheney cites as one of his favourites. The group was a covers band playing Stray Cats and The Clash material. In 1992, the group's first paying gig was at the Richmond Club Hotel and they soon followed with a residency at the nearby Corner Hotel. The Runaway Boys had a succession of drummers, "The first two guys, Shane and Grant, were at high school with us and they were never really into 1950s rock'n'roll. We were probably a bit pushy at that point. Grant was happy to play along, but then when high school finished he was ready to move on and go to university". Cheney also gigged on guitar in another band, Goodbye Sideburns Forever, though he was not recorded with them.

The Living End
Cheney and Owen, on piano and bass, were in The Runaway Boys. In 1994, the pair started to write their own material and were joined by Joe Piripitzi on drums to form The Living End. They released two successive extended plays, Hellbound (1995) and It's for Your Own Good (November 1996), which contained their first radio single, "From Here on In". The track is co-written by Cheney and Owen. In 1996 while Green Day were touring Australia, The Living End sent their second EP to the band, and supported them on their tour, which then led to radio station, Triple J, playing their first single. Late that year Piripitzi was replaced on drums by Travis Demsey. In September 1997 The Living End issued a third EP, Second Solution / Prisoner of Society, with four of its five tracks written by Cheney. The EP peaked at No. 4 on the ARIA Singles Chart. It became the highest-selling Australian-made single for the 1990s.

On 12 October 1998, they released their debut self-titled album, which reached No. 1 on the ARIA Albums Chart. It included the singles "Save the Day" (September 1998), "Prisoner of Society" (September 1999), and "All Torn Down". They have since received recognition worldwide, playing tours and festivals such as the Warped Tour in the United States and Reading and Leeds Festivals in the United Kingdom. Cheney wrote the group's other top 20 hits "Pictures in the Mirror" (2000), "Roll On" (2001), "One Said to the Other" (2003), "What's on Your Radio" (2005), and "Wake Up" (2006).

On 7 October 2006, Cheney told his fellow members of The Living End that he wished to leave the band. He "found himself going through a personal and creative crisis ... For the first time he was now also experiencing writer's block". However, the crisis passed and Cheney started writing again. In February 2008, under the pseudonym Longnecks, the group trialled the new tracks. In July, The Living End issued another top 20 single, "White Noise". The related album of the same name followed later that month. On 22 July 2011, they released their sixth studio album, The Ending Is Just the Beginning Repeating, which reached No. 3.

Solo career
In March 2022, Cheney announced his debut solo album, The Storm before the Calm, to be released 17 June. Alongside the announcement was the release of its lead single "California" and its film clip directed by Nick McKinlay. Cheney would later release "Football Team" as the second single from the album. On 2 June, Cheney announced an Australian tour in support of his debut album, alongside the third single "Corner Shop", with a film clip directed by Sean McDonald.

Other music projects
In 2003, Cheney performed alongside Australian rock veterans You Am I at the Big Day Out in Melbourne. They performed a track by The Clash as a tribute to Joe Strummer. In October 2004, Cheney joined the super group The Wrights, which performed a cover version of part one of Stevie Wright's track, "Evie – Let Your Hair Hang Down", at the ARIA Music Awards. Also in the group were Phil Jamieson (Grinspoon), Nic Cester (Jet), Kram (Spiderbait), and Davey Lane (You Am I). In January of the following year, they performed the entire three part 11-minute track at the WaveAid benefit concert, and released it as a single in February. In November 2007, The Wrights reconvened for another 'one-off' benefit concert, Roosistance, to perform "We Can't Be Beaten" – originally by Rose Tattoo.

In July 2005, Cheney performed a duet with Sarah McLeod (The Superjesus) on her second solo single, "Private School Kid". On 17 December that year, he joined Green Day on stage at the Docklands Stadium (Telstra Dome) to play "I Fought the Law". Cheney was not the Green Day bunny as was rumoured, it was Tré Cool, drummer for Green Day. Also in December, Cheney was a guest on SBS-TV's celebrity music trivia show, RocKwiz, with former Divinyls lead singer, Chrissy Amphlett – they performed "Stray Cat Blues" as a duet of The Rolling Stones' track. At the 2006 Jack Awards, he played in another super group, The Wrongs. They performed a Rose Tattoo track, "Bad Boy for Love", as a tribute to Peter Wells, the band's guitarist.

In February 2009, Cheney made a guest appearance on stage with the Stray Cats on their Australian Farewell Tour. He performed four songs alongside his childhood heroes, Brian Setzer, Lee Rocker, and Slim Jim Phantom. In August that year, Cheney took part in a series of concerts around Australia along with Tim Rogers (You Am I), Jamieson (Grinspoon), and Josh Pyke to celebrate The Beatles' White Album by performing the work in its entirety.

In 2010, Cheney made two solo recordings, "Distant Sun", a cover of Crowded House's track for a tribute album, He Will Have His Way in November; "Street Parade", a Christmas song, written by Cheney for a Christmas album by various artists, The Spirit of Christmas 2010. His first work as a record producer was for Melbourne indie rockers, Celadore, in October 2011 with their EP, The Bright and Blue. Also in October, Cheney was a guest on RocKwiz for a second time, he appeared with US-born rocker, Suzi Quatro – he performed "Heatwave" fronting the in-house band, RocKwiz Orkestra; and then "Stumblin' In" as a duet with Quatro.

In 2017, Cheney filled in for Chris Shiflett on the spring tour of "Me First and the Gimme Gimmes".

Cheney contributed a song, "I Won't Let You Down" to Jimmy Barnes' 2019 album, My Criminal Record. On 6 September 2019, "I Won't Let You Down" was released as the album's third single. In 2021, he formed a rockabilly band with Jimmy Barnes and Slim Jim Phantom.

In March 2023, Barnes announced the formation of supergroup The Barnestormers, featuring Barnes, Cheney, Slim Jim Phantom, Jools Holland and Kevin Shirley. A self-titled album was released on 26 May 2023.

Equipment
Cheney's principal instrument is a Gretsch White Falcon and he uses mainly distortion and modulation effects. He has his own signature series Gretsch guitars. He is endorsed by Gretsch Guitars and uses a number of Gretsch models, including his new signature model guitar. On tour, Cheney takes about six guitars. He uses four main guitars, and the rest are back-ups for different tunings. He is playing through Wizard Modern Classic 100W heads and Wizard 4x12 cabinets.

Guitars

 * Chris Cheney Signature G6126TCC
 * Gretsch White Falcon 6136
 * Gretsch White Falcon 6136 (1990s model)
 * Gretsch 6120SSLVO ('06 Model)
 * Gretsch 6116TVP "Power Tenny" (2006 Model)
 * Gretsch 6118 Double Anniversary
 * Various other Gretsch & Gibson Models

with The Living End

 * The Living End (1998)
 * Roll On (2000)
 * Modern Artillery (2003)
 * State of Emergency (2006)
 * White Noise (2008)
 * The Ending Is Just the Beginning Repeating (2011)
 * Shift (2016)
 * Wunderbar (2018)

Jack Awards

 * Best Lead Guitarist – 2004, 2005, and 2007
 * Best Male – 2006

APRA Awards
The APRA Awards are presented annually from 1982 by the Australasian Performing Right Association (APRA).

 * 2009 || "White Noise" – Chris Cheney || Song of the Year || Won
 * rowspan="3"| 2010 || "Raise the Alarm" – Chris Cheney || Most Played Australian Work || Nominated
 * "Raise the Alarm" – Chris Cheney || Rock Work of the Year || Nominated
 * "White Noise" – Chris Cheney || Rock Work of the Year || Nominated
 * 2019
 * "Don't Lose It" - Chris Cheney, Scott Owen, Andy Strachan, Tobias Kuhn
 * Song of the Year
 * 2020 || "Otherside" - Chris Cheney, Scott Owen, Andy Strachan, Tobias Kuhn || Most Performed Rock Work of the Year || Nominated
 * 2019
 * "Don't Lose It" - Chris Cheney, Scott Owen, Andy Strachan, Tobias Kuhn
 * Song of the Year
 * 2020 || "Otherside" - Chris Cheney, Scott Owen, Andy Strachan, Tobias Kuhn || Most Performed Rock Work of the Year || Nominated
 * 2020 || "Otherside" - Chris Cheney, Scott Owen, Andy Strachan, Tobias Kuhn || Most Performed Rock Work of the Year || Nominated
 * 2020 || "Otherside" - Chris Cheney, Scott Owen, Andy Strachan, Tobias Kuhn || Most Performed Rock Work of the Year || Nominated
 * 2020 || "Otherside" - Chris Cheney, Scott Owen, Andy Strachan, Tobias Kuhn || Most Performed Rock Work of the Year || Nominated

title: Chris Cheney


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Chris Cheney

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Keep Marskell 10:21, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

Chris Cheney
Vanity. --Ryan Delaney talk 05:30, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Australia-related deletions.  --Cyberjunkie | Talk 13:46, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep. Notable performer in notable band. -- DS1953 05:56, August 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and expand. Notable Australian musician. Capitalistroadster 06:50, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. What DS1953 said.  Also a member of Australian supergroup The Wrights -- Chuq 12:48, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep -- article requires expansion. - Longhair | Talk 13:10, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep A member of a notable band. -- BMIComp (talk, HOWS MY DRIVING) 23:14, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, member of a notable band. Satisfies WP:MUSIC on just about all the criteria. --bainer (talk) 10:47, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, and suggest that the nominator learn to use Google. Ambi 13:40, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unless expanded--Cyberjunkie | Talk 13:46, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * keep please cyberjunkie this is a group project not my way or the high way Yuckfoo 18:07, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
File:J5-greatest-hits-71.jpg

Summary
Greatest Hits (The Jackson 5 album)

title: File:J5-greatest-hits-71.jpg