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Eneabba, Western Australia

Eneabba is a town on the Brand Highway 278 km north of Perth, Western Australia.

The area is famous for its spectacular display of wildflowers in the spring. It is also home to the Iluka Resources mineral sands facility.

The first European visit to the area was in 1839 by the second disastrous George Grey expedition along the west coast. Grey and his party were forced to walk through the area after their boats were lost. On 11 April, Grey discovered and named the Arrowsmith River, after John Arrowsmith the English cartographer.

The next Europeans in the area were government Assistant Surveyor Augustus Charles Gregory and Francis Thomas Gregory (both attached to the department of the Surveyor-General) and their brother Henry Churchman Gregory, on a public-private funded expedition to search for new agricultural land beyond the settled areas. They camped at Eneabba Springs, 14 km east of Eneabba on 14 September 1846, while returning to Perth from the Irwin River.

In 1870 the first settler, William Horsley Rowland, arrived from Greenough. He took up a 3000 acre lease at Eneabba Springs and survived by shepherding, trapping horses and pigs and living on wild game.

The area around Eneabba (also known as the Eneabba sandplain) was opened up for agricultural purposes in the 1950s for a large group of model farms comprising the Eneabba War Service Land Settlement Project. This in turn initiated the need for a town to be developed. The town was gazetted on 27 January 1961.

The name of the town means "ground spring", from the aboriginal name of Eneabba Springs, the site of Rowland's original homestead.

The Warradarge Wind Farm is being constructed southeast of Eneabba.

Climate
Eneabba has a Mediterranean climate (Köppen Csa).

title: Eneabba, Western Australia


text: User talk:194.72.13.114

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:194.72.13.114


text: User talk:63.116.190.10

title: User talk:63.116.190.10


text:
Mean time to repair

Mean time to repair (MTTR) is a basic measure of the maintainability of repairable items. It represents the average time required to repair a failed component or device. Expressed mathematically, it is the total corrective maintenance time for failures divided by the total number of corrective maintenance actions for failures during a given period of time. It generally does not include lead time for parts not readily available or other Administrative or Logistic Downtime (ALDT).

In fault-tolerant design, MTTR is usually considered to also include the time the fault is latent (the time from when the failure occurs until it is detected). If a latent fault goes undetected until an independent failure occurs, the system may not be able to recover.

MTTR is often part of a maintenance contract, where a system whose MTTR is 24 hours is generally more valuable than for one of 7 days if mean time between failures is equal, because its Operational Availability is higher.

However, in the context of a maintenance contract, it would be important to distinguish whether MTTR is meant to be a measure of the mean time between the point at which the failure is first discovered until the point at which the equipment returns to operation (usually termed "mean time to recovery"), or only a measure of the elapsed time between the point where repairs actually begin until the point at which the equipment returns to operation (usually termed "mean time to repair"). For example, a system with a service contract guaranteeing a mean time to "repair" of 24 hours, but with additional part lead times, administrative delays, and technician transportation delays adding up to a mean of 6 days, would not be any more attractive than another system with a service contract guaranteeing a mean time to "recovery" of 7 days.

title: Mean time to repair


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Nested radical

In algebra, a nested radical is a radical expression (one containing a square root sign, cube root sign, etc.) that contains (nests) another radical expression. Examples include

$$\sqrt{5-2\sqrt{5}\ },$$

which arises in discussing the regular pentagon, and more complicated ones such as

$$\sqrt[3]{2+\sqrt{3}+\sqrt[3]{4}\ }.$$

Denesting
Some nested radicals can be rewritten in a form that is not nested. For example,

$$\sqrt{3+2\sqrt{2}} = 1+\sqrt{2}\,,$$

$$\sqrt[3]{\sqrt[3]{2} - 1} = \frac{1 - \sqrt[3]{2} + \sqrt[3]{4}}{\sqrt[3]{9}} \,.$$

Another simple example,

$$\sqrt[3]{\sqrt{2}} = \sqrt[6]{2}$$

Rewriting a nested radical in this way is called denesting. This is not always possible, and, even when possible, it is often difficult.

Two nested square roots
In the case of two nested square roots, the following theorem completely solves the problem of denesting.

If $a$ and $c$ are rational numbers and $c$ is not the square of a rational number, there are two rational numbers $x$ and $y$ such that $$\sqrt{a+\sqrt{c}} = \sqrt{x}\pm\sqrt{y}$$ if and only if $$a^2-c~$$ is the square of a rational number $d$.

If the nested radical is real, $x$ and $y$ are the two numbers $$\frac{a+d}2~$$ and $$~\frac{a-d}2~,~$$ where $$~d=\sqrt{a^2-c}~$$ is a rational number.

In particular, if $a$ and $c$ are integers, then $2x$ and $2y$ are integers.

This result includes denestings of the form $$\sqrt{a+\sqrt{c}}=z\pm\sqrt{y}~,$$ as $z$ may always be written $$z=\pm\sqrt{z^2},$$ and at least one of the terms must be positive (because the left-hand side of the equation is positive).

A more general denesting formula could have the form $$\sqrt{a+\sqrt{c}} = \alpha+ \beta\sqrt{x}+\gamma\sqrt{y}+\delta\sqrt x\sqrt y~.$$ However, Galois theory implies that either the left-hand side belongs to $$\mathbb Q(\sqrt c),$$ or it must be obtained by changing the sign of either $$\sqrt x,$$ $$\sqrt y,$$ or both. In the first case, this means that one can take $x = c$ and $$\gamma=\delta=0.$$ In the second case, $$\alpha$$ and another coefficient must be zero. If $$\beta=0,$$ one may rename $xy$ as $x$ for getting $$\delta = 0.$$ Proceeding similarly if $$\alpha=0,$$ it results that one can suppose $$\alpha = \delta = 0.$$ This shows that the apparently more general denesting can always be reduced to the above one.

Proof: By squaring, the equation $$\sqrt{a+\sqrt{c}} = \sqrt{x}\pm\sqrt{y}$$ is equivalent with $$a+\sqrt{c}=x+y\pm 2\sqrt{xy},$$ and, in the case of a minus in the right-hand side,

(square roots are nonnegative by definition of the notation). As the inequality may always be satisfied by possibly exchanging $x$ and $y$, solving the first equation in $x$ and $y$ is equivalent with solving $$a+\sqrt{c}=x+y\pm 2\sqrt{xy}.$$

This equality implies that $$\sqrt{xy}$$ belongs to the quadratic field $$\mathbb Q(\sqrt c).$$ In this field every element may be uniquely written $$\alpha +\beta\sqrt c,$$ with $$\alpha$$ and $$\beta$$ being rational numbers. This implies that $$\pm 2\sqrt{xy}$$ is not rational (otherwise the right-hand side of the equation would be rational; but the left-hand side is irrational). As $x$ and $y$ must be rational, the square of $$\pm 2\sqrt{xy}$$ must be rational. This implies that $$\alpha=0$$ in the expression of $$\pm 2\sqrt{xy}$$ as $$\alpha +\beta\sqrt c.$$ Thus $$a+\sqrt{c}=x+y +\beta\sqrt{c}$$ for some rational number $$\beta.$$ The uniqueness of the decomposition over $|x| ≥ |y|$ and $$\sqrt c$$ implies thus that the considered equation is equivalent with $$a= x+y\quad \text{and}\quad \pm 2\sqrt{xy} = \sqrt c.$$ It follows by Vieta's formulas that $x$ and $y$ must be roots of the quadratic equation $$z^2-az+\frac c4 = 0~;$$ its $$~\Delta = a^2-c = d^2 > 0~$$ ($1$, otherwise $c$ would be the square of $a$), hence $x$ and $y$ must be $$\frac{a+\sqrt{a^2-c}}{2}~$$ and $$~\frac{a-\sqrt{a^2-c}}{2}~.$$ Thus $x$ and $y$ are rational if and only if $$d=\sqrt{a^2-c}~$$ is a rational number.

For explicitly choosing the various signs, one must consider only positive real square roots, and thus assuming $≠ 0$. The equation $$a^2=c+d^2$$ shows that $c > 0$. Thus, if the nested radical is real, and if denesting is possible, then $|a| > √c$. Then the solution is $$\begin{align} \sqrt{a+\sqrt{c}}&=\sqrt{\frac{a+d}2}+\sqrt{\frac{a-d}2},\\[6pt] \sqrt{a-\sqrt{c}}&=\sqrt{\frac{a+d}2}-\sqrt{\frac{a-d}2}. \end{align}$$

Some identities of Ramanujan
Srinivasa Ramanujan demonstrated a number of curious identities involving nested radicals. Among them are the following:

$$ \sqrt[4]{\frac{3 + 2 \sqrt[4]{5}}{3 - 2 \sqrt[4]{5}}} = \frac{ \sqrt[4]{5} + 1}{\sqrt[4]{5} - 1}=\tfrac12\left(3+\sqrt[4]5+\sqrt5+\sqrt[4]{125}\right),$$

$$ \sqrt{ \sqrt[3]{28} - \sqrt[3]{27}} = \tfrac13\left(\sqrt[3]{98} - \sqrt[3]{28} -1\right), $$

$$ \sqrt[3]{ \sqrt[5]{\frac{32}{5}} - \sqrt[5]{\frac{27}{5}} } = \sqrt[5]{\frac{1}{25}} + \sqrt[5]{\frac{3}{25}} - \sqrt[5]{\frac{9}{25}}, $$

and

Landau's algorithm
In 1989 Susan Landau introduced the first algorithm for deciding which nested radicals can be denested. Earlier algorithms worked in some cases but not others. Landau's algorithm involves complex roots of unity and runs in exponential time with respect to the depth of the nested radical.

In trigonometry
In trigonometry, the sines and cosines of many angles can be expressed in terms of nested radicals. For example, $$\sin\frac{\pi}{60}=\sin 3^\circ=\frac{1}{16} \left[2(1-\sqrt3)\sqrt{5+\sqrt5}+\sqrt2(\sqrt5-1)(\sqrt3+1)\right]$$

and $$\sin\frac{\pi}{24}=\sin 7.5^\circ=\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{2-\sqrt{2+\sqrt3}} = \frac{1}{2} \sqrt{2 - \frac{1 + \sqrt3}{\sqrt2}} .$$ The last equality results directly from the results of.

In the solution of the cubic equation
Nested radicals appear in the algebraic solution of the cubic equation. Any cubic equation can be written in simplified form without a quadratic term, as

$$x^3+px+q=0,$$

whose general solution for one of the roots is $$ x=\sqrt[3]{-{q\over 2}+ \sqrt{{q^2\over 4}+{p^3 \over 27}}} +\sqrt[3]{-{q\over 2}- \sqrt{{q^2\over 4}+{p^3\over 27}}}.$$

In the case in which the cubic has only one real root, the real root is given by this expression with the radicands of the cube roots being real and with the cube roots being the real cube roots. In the case of three real roots, the square root expression is an imaginary number; here any real root is expressed by defining the first cube root to be any specific complex cube root of the complex radicand, and by defining the second cube root to be the complex conjugate of the first one. The nested radicals in this solution cannot in general be simplified unless the cubic equation has at least one rational solution. Indeed, if the cubic has three irrational but real solutions, we have the casus irreducibilis, in which all three real solutions are written in terms of cube roots of complex numbers. On the other hand, consider the equation

$$x^3-7x+6=0,$$

which has the rational solutions 1, 2, and −3. The general solution formula given above gives the solutions $$x=\sqrt[3]{-3+\frac{10\sqrt{3}i}{9}} + \sqrt[3]{-3-\frac{10\sqrt{3}i}{9}} .$$

For any given choice of cube root and its conjugate, this contains nested radicals involving complex numbers, yet it is reducible (even though not obviously so) to one of the solutions 1, 2, or –3.

Square roots
Under certain conditions infinitely nested square roots such as $$ x= \sqrt{2+\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2+\cdots}}}} $$

represent rational numbers. This rational number can be found by realizing that x also appears under the radical sign, which gives the equation

$$ x = \sqrt{2+x}. $$

If we solve this equation, we find that $a > 0$ (the second solution $x = 2$ doesn't apply, under the convention that the positive square root is meant). This approach can also be used to show that generally, if $x = −1$, then $$ \sqrt{n+\sqrt{n+\sqrt{n+\sqrt{n+\cdots}}}} = \tfrac{1}{2}\left(1 + \sqrt {1+4n}\right) $$

and is the positive root of the equation $n > 0$. For $x^{2} − x − n = 0$, this root is the golden ratio $n = 1$, approximately equal to 1.618. The same procedure also works to obtain, if $φ$, $$ \sqrt{n-\sqrt{n-\sqrt{n-\sqrt{n-\cdots}}}} = \tfrac12\left(-1 + \sqrt {1+4n}\right),$$ which is the positive root of the equation $n > 0$.

Nested square roots of 2
The nested square roots of 2 are a special case of the wide class of infinitely nested radicals. There are many known results that bind them to sines and cosines. For example, it has been shown that nested square roots of 2 as $$R(b_k, \ldots, b_1)=\frac{b_k}{2} \sqrt{2+b_{k-1} \sqrt{2+b_{k-2} \sqrt{2+\cdots+b_2 \sqrt{2+x}}}}$$

where $$x=2 \sin(\pi b_1/4)$$ with $$b_1$$ in [−2,2] and $$b_i\in \{-1,0,1\}$$ for $$i \neq 1$$, are such that $$R(b_k, \ldots, b_1)=\cos \theta$$ for $$\theta=\left(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{b_k}{4}-\frac{b_k b_{k-1}}{8}-\frac{b_k b_{k-1} b_{k-2}}{16}-\cdots-\frac{b_k b_{k-1} \cdots b_1}{2^{k+1}}\right) \pi .$$

This result allows to deduce for any $$x \in [-2,2]$$ the value of the following infinitely nested radicals consisting of k nested roots as $$R_k(x)=\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2+\cdots+\sqrt{2+x}}}.$$

If $$x \geq 2$$, then $$\begin{aligned} R_k(x) &=\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2+\cdots+\sqrt{2+x}}} \\ &=\left(\frac{x+\sqrt{x^2-4}}{2}\right)^{1 / 2^k}+\left(\frac{x+\sqrt{x^2-4}}{2}\right)^{-1 / 2^k} \end{aligned}$$

These results can be used to obtain some nested square roots representations of $$\pi$$. Let us consider the term $$R\left(b_{k}, \ldots, b_{1}\right)$$ defined above. Then $$\pi=\lim _{k \rightarrow \infty}\left[\frac{2^{k+1}}{2-b_{1}} R(\underbrace{1,-1,1,1, \ldots, 1,1, b_1}_{k \text { terms }})\right]$$

where $$b_1\neq 2$$.

Ramanujan's infinite radicals
Ramanujan posed the following problem to the Journal of Indian Mathematical Society:

$$? = \sqrt{1+2\sqrt{1+3 \sqrt{1+\cdots}}}. $$

This can be solved by noting a more general formulation: $$? = \sqrt{ax+(n+a)^2 +x\sqrt{a(x+n)+(n+a)^2+(x+n) \sqrt{\mathrm{\cdots}}}}. $$

Setting this to $x^{2} + x − n = 0$ and squaring both sides gives us $$F(x)^2 = ax+(n+a)^2 +x\sqrt{a(x+n)+(n+a)^2+(x+n) \sqrt{\mathrm{\cdots}}}, $$

which can be simplified to $$F(x)^2 = ax + (n+a)^2 + x F(x+n) .$$

It can then be shown that, assuming $$F$$ is analytic,

$$F(x) = {x + n + a}. $$

So, setting $F(x)$, $a = 0$, and $n = 1$, we have $$3 = \sqrt{1+2\sqrt{1+3 \sqrt{1+\cdots}}}. $$ Ramanujan stated the following infinite radical denesting in his lost notebook: $$\sqrt{5+\sqrt{5+\sqrt{5-\sqrt{5+\sqrt{5+\sqrt{5+\sqrt{5-\cdots}}}}}}}=\frac{2+\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{15-6\sqrt{5}}}{2}.$$ The repeating pattern of the signs is $$(+,+,-,+).$$

Viète's expression for $\pi$
Viète's formula for π, the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter, is $$\frac{2}\pi= \frac{\sqrt2}{2}\cdot \frac{\sqrt{2+\sqrt2}}2\cdot \frac{\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2+\sqrt2}}}2\cdots.$$

Cube roots
In certain cases, infinitely nested cube roots such as $$ x = \sqrt[3]{6+\sqrt[3]{6+\sqrt[3]{6+\sqrt[3]{6+\cdots}}}} $$ can represent rational numbers as well. Again, by realizing that the whole expression appears inside itself, we are left with the equation $$ x = \sqrt[3]{6+x}. $$

If we solve this equation, we find that $x = 2$. More generally, we find that $$ \sqrt[3]{n+\sqrt[3]{n+\sqrt[3]{n+\sqrt[3]{n+\cdots}}}}$$ is the positive real root of the equation $x = 2$ for all $x^{3} − x − n = 0$. For $n > 0$, this root is the plastic ratio ρ, approximately equal to 1.3247.

The same procedure also works to get

$$ \sqrt[3]{n-\sqrt[3]{n-\sqrt[3]{n-\sqrt[3]{n-\cdots}}}} $$

as the real root of the equation $n = 1$ for all $x^{3} + x − n = 0$.

Herschfeld's convergence theorem
An infinitely nested radical $$\sqrt{a_1 + \sqrt{a_2 + \dotsb}}$$ (where all $$a_i$$ are nonnegative) converges if and only if there is some $$M \in \mathbb R$$ such that $$M \geq a_n^{2^{-n}}$$ for all $$n$$, or in other words $ \sup a_n^{2^{-n}} <+\infty. $

Proof of "if"
We observe that $$\sqrt{a_1 + \sqrt{a_2 + \dotsb}} \leq \sqrt{M^{2^1} + \sqrt{M^{2^2} + \cdots}} = M\sqrt{1 + \sqrt{1 + \dotsb}}<2M.$$ Moreover, the sequence $$\left(\sqrt{a_1 + \sqrt{a_2 + \dotsc \sqrt{a_n}}}\right)$$ is monotonically increasing. Therefore it converges, by the monotone convergence theorem.

Proof of "only if"
If the sequence $$\left(\sqrt{a_1 + \sqrt{a_2 + \cdots \sqrt{a_n}}}\right)$$ converges, then it is bounded.

However, $$a_n^{2^{-n}}\le\sqrt{a_1 + \sqrt{a_2 + \cdots \sqrt{a_n}}}$$, hence $$\left(a_n^{2^{-n}}\right)$$ is also bounded.

title: Nested radical


text:
Subarachnoid cisterns

The subarachnoid cisterns are spaces formed by openings in the subarachnoid space, an anatomic space in the meninges of the brain. The space is situated between the two meninges, the arachnoid mater and the pia mater. These cisterns are filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Structure
Although the pia mater adheres to the surface of the brain, closely following the contours of its gyri and sulci, the arachnoid mater only covers its superficial surface, bridging across the gyri. This leaves wider spaces between the pia and arachnoid and the cavities are known as the subarachnoid cisterns.

Although they are often described as distinct compartments, the subarachnoid cisterns are not truly anatomically distinct. Rather, these subarachnoid cisterns are separated from each other by a trabeculated porous wall with various-sized openings.

Cisterns
There are many cisterns in the brain with several large ones noted with their own name. At the base of the spinal cord is another subarachnoid cistern: the lumbar cistern which is the site for a lumbar puncture. Some major subarachnoid cisterns:
 * Cisterna magna also called cerebellomedullary cistern - the largest of the subarachnoid cisterns. It lies between the cerebellum and the medulla oblongata. It receives CSF from the fourth ventricle via the median aperture (foramen of Magendie). The cisterna magna contains:
 * 1) The vertebral artery and the origin of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)
 * 2) The ninth (IX), tenth (X), eleventh (XI) and twelfth (XII) cranial nerves
 * Pontine cistern. Surrounds the ventral aspect of the pons. It receives CSF via the paired lateral apertures. It contains:
 * 1) The basilar artery and the origin of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA)
 * 2) The origin of the superior cerebellar arteries
 * 3) The sixth (VI) cranial nerve
 * Interpeduncular cistern. It is situated at the base of the brain, between the two cerebral peduncles of midbrain and dorsum sellae and continuous below with the pontine cistern and superiorly with the chiasmatic cistern. It contains:
 * 1) The optic chiasm
 * 2) The bifurcation of the basilar artery
 * 3) Peduncular segments of the posterior cerebral arteries (PCA)
 * 4) Peduncular segments of the superior cerebellar arteries
 * 5) Perforating branches of the PCA
 * 6) The posterior communicating arteries (PCoA)
 * 7) The basal vein
 * 8) The third (III) cranial nerve, which passes between the posterior cerebral and superior cerebellar arteries
 * Cerebellopontine angle cistern. It is situated at the cerebellopontine angle – the lateral angle between the cerebellum and the pons. It contains:
 * 1) The seventh (VII) and eighth (VIII) cranial nerves
 * 2) The anteroinferior cerebellar artery (AICA)
 * 3) The fifth (V) cranial nerve and the petrosal vein
 * Quadrigeminal cistern - It is situated dorsal to the midbrain. Thin, sheet-like extensions of the superior cistern that extend laterally about the midbrain, connecting it to the interpeduncular cistern. Ambient cistern may also refer to the combination of these extensions and the superior cistern. It is composed of a supratentorial and an infratentorial compartment. It contains:
 * 1) The great cerebral vein
 * 2) The posterior pericallosal arteries
 * 3) The third portion of the superior cerebellar arteries
 * 4) Perforating branches of the posterior cerebral and superior cerebellar arteries
 * 5) The third portion of the posterior cerebral arteries
 * Its supratentorial portion contains:

 * 1) The basal vein
 * 2) The posterior cerebral artery
 * Its infratentorial portion contains:

 * 1) The superior cerebellar artery
 * 2) The fourth (IV) nerve
 * Crural cistern. It is situated around the ventrolateral aspect of the midbrain. It contains:
 * 1) The anterior choroidal artery
 * 2) The medial posterior choroidal artery
 * 3) The basal vein
 * Carotid cistern. It is situated between the carotid artery and the ipsilateral optic nerve. It contains:
 * 1) The internal carotid artery
 * 2) The origin of the anterior choroidal artery
 * 3) The origin of the posterior communicating artery
 * Cistern of lateral cerebral fossa. It is situated in the fissure between the frontal and temporal lobes. It contains:
 * 1) The middle cerebral artery
 * 2) The middle cerebral veins
 * 3) The fronto-orbital veins
 * 4) Collaterals to the basal vein
 * Cistern of lamina terminalis. It is situated just rostral to the third ventricle. It contains:
 * 1) The anterior cerebral arteries (A1 and proximal A2)
 * 2) The anterior communicating artery
 * 3) Heubner's artery
 * 4) The hypothalamic arteries
 * 5) The origin of the fronto-orbital arteries
 * Lumbar cistern. It extends from the conus medullaris (L1-L2) to about the level of the second sacral vertebra. It contains the filum terminale and the nerve roots of the cauda equina. It is from the lumbar cistern that CSF is withdrawn during a lumbar puncture.

Clinical significance
It is clinically significant that cerebral arteries, veins, and cranial nerves traverse through the subarachnoid space, maintaining their meningeal covering until they exit the skull.

title: Subarachnoid cisterns


text:
Talk:TDK

TDK Acronym?
Does TDK stand for anything? There's no mention of this in the article. -Deuxsonic (talk) 08:17, 12 June 2008 (UTC) ...answer(?): 1935 Tokyo Denki Kagaku Kogyo K.K.

TDK Mediaactive?
No mention is made of the former subsidiary now controlled by Take 2. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.104.34.212 (talk) 20:40, 1 August 2008 (UTC)

History Section Skips
The history section here certainly makes a swift and self-serving seventeen-year leap from 1935 to 1952! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 208.127.211.40 (talk) 05:19, 19 April 2009 (UTC) It skips all of WW2 and the occupation years. --Aizuku (talk) 12:20, 14 October 2009 (UTC)

Sponsorship
In Spain TDK sponsors the TDK Manresa basketball

http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-uxIj4SSLHwM/TaSUwdthnkI/AAAAAAAAA4k/M5iFH0wYvEY/s1600/lavi%25C3%25B1a.png

http://cdn.20minutos.es/img/2009/01/27/923247.jpg

http://www.grupnaciodigital.com/redaccio/arxius/imatges/576_1354094557Copa_del_Rei_96.jpg

http://elpais.com/diario/1998/06/05/deportes/896997611_850215.html — Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.165.57.203 (talk) 14:40, 24 January 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
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Project about elephant
Telling parts of elephant and facts 113.211.209.215 (talk) 12:04, 18 June 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:TDK


text:
Ferdinand Mannlicher

Ferdinand Ritter von Mannlicher (January 30, 1848 – January 20, 1904) was an Austrian engineer and small arms designer. Along with James Paris Lee, Mannlicher was particularly noted for inventing the en-bloc clip charger-loading box magazine system. Later, while making improvements to other inventors' prototype designs for rotary-feed magazines, Mannlicher, together with his protégé Otto Schönauer, patented a perfected rotary magazine design, the Mannlicher–Schönauer rifle, which was a commercial and military success.

Life
A scion of a long-established bourgeois family originating from Most (Brüx) in Bohemia, Mannlicher was born in the German city of Mainz, where his father served as an Austrian k.k. official in the Austrian garrison at the  Confederation Fortress. He returned to the Josefstadt district of Vienna with his parents in 1857, and after receiving his Matura high-school exam attended the Vienna University of Technology. He started his professional career in 1869 as an employee of the Austrian Southern Railway company and worked as an engineer at the Emperor Ferdinand Northern Railway company until 1887.

Mannlicher had early turned his interest to weapons technology, particularly breech-loading repeating rifles. His ambitions were fueled by the Austrian defeat in the 1866 Battle of Königgrätz, which he traced back to the inadequate equipment of the Imperial and Royal Army. In 1876 he travelled to the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia to study numerous construction designs and afterwards drafted several types of repeating rifles with tubular magazines. In 1885-1886 he patented the "Mannlicher System" of a breechblock on a bolt-action basis, which was adopted as a service rifle by the Austro-Hungarian Army in 1886 and by several other armed forces.

In 1878, Mannlicher joined the Austrian Arms Factory company (Österreichische Waffenfabriksgesellschaft (ŒWGat)) in Steyr in Upper Austria, which under the name of Steyr Mannlicher became one of the largest weapon-manufacturers in Europe. The model Mannlicher M1895 was widely used by the Austro-Hungarian Army up to and including World War I. In 1887, Mannlicher was awarded the 3rd class of the Order of the Iron Crown (Austria), he also received the Prussian Order of the Crown and the officier medal of the French Legion of Honour. On 14 December 1892 Emperor Franz Joseph of Austria vested him with the title of Ritter von (loosely translated to: 'knight of') due to his earlier ennoblement. In 1899 he was given a lifelong appointment to the Austrian Upper House (Österreichisches Herrenhaus) of the Imperial Council parliament.

Mannlicher's successful designs during his lifetime included bolt-action rifles, both military and sporting, in both turn-bolt and straight-pull actions. Mannlicher also developed several innovative semi-automatic handgun designs in the 1890s. A measure of how far ahead of his time he was can be seen by looking at his experimental designs for semi-automatic rifles, developed at a time when ammunition was not suitable to function properly in such a weapon. In 1883, Mannlicher began development of an automatic rifle firing the 11mm Austrian Werndl, a black-powder cartridge. According to W. H. B. Smith in Mauser, Walther and Mannlicher Firearms, the Mannlicher 1885 became the inspiration for the M1 Garand; and the Mannlicher 1900 with the "short-stroke piston" became the inspiration for the M1 Carbine.

Mannlicher's automatic rifle designs
Mannlicher introduced several automatic rifle designs that were unsuccessful, but ahead of their time. He introduced fundamental principles that were used by later designers, often successfully.

Mannlicher's Model 85 semi automatic rifle used his recoil operated action originally developed in 1883; it anticipated the recoiling barrel system used later in designs like the German MG 34 and MG 42 machineguns, and the M1941 Johnson machine gun. The Model 85 would have fit the same tactical role as the American BAR or British Bren of World War II fame.

The Model 91 semi-automatic rifle was designed to use the 7.92×57mm Mauser cartridge and the Model 88 rifle clip. Like the Model 85 it was a recoil operated action like the later Remington Model 8 and M1941 Johnson rifle.

Mannlicher designed two semi-automatic rifles both called Model 93, one based on his turn-bolt rifle and the other based on his straight-pull rifle. The rifles had a recoil spring housing behind the bolt and the bolt locking lugs were angled, so the bolt started turning on firing, essentially a hesitation lock or delayed blowback much like the later Thompson Autorifle utilising the Blish lock. In this system there was no recoiling barrel nor gas piston as with other rifle-caliber autoloading designs, so the mechanism was simple, but ejection of fired cartridge casings was so fierce as to be hazardous to bystanders.

The Model 95 semi-automatic rifle was gas operated using a slide with the cocking handle on its side and gas piston at its front to operate the bolt, with the recoil spring operating on the slide. Loading was with the Mannlicher packet clip of cartridges inserted into the magazine from the top. These features were also used in the later U.S. M1 Garand rifle.

The Model 1900 semi-automatic rifle was also gas operated but used a short stroke piston with a camming lug that engaged the bolt to open it. The bolt was then carried to the rear by momentum with the recoil spring operating on the bolt. The US M1 carbine used a short stroke piston to impart momentum to a slide that opened the bolt, combining features introduced in the Mannlicher Model 95 and Model 100.

The Model 1905 used a short recoil action with a tilting locking block. This was same principle Mannlicher used in his 1901 pistol-caliber carbine. However, for the rifle he scaled it up to 8mm Mauser, the standard German military rifle cartridge. The rifle also used a Schönauer rotary magazine, and sights copied from the Mauser Gewehr 98. Although his company patented the design in 1905, Mannlicher's death in 1904 ended any further development of the design.

List of firearms named after Ferdinand Mannlicher

 * Mannlicher M1885, semi-automatic rifle
 * Mannlicher M1886, straight-pull rifle
 * Mannlicher M1888, straight-pull rifle
 * 8×52mmR Mannlicher cartridge
 * Mannlicher M1890 Rifle
 * Mannlicher M1890 Carbine, straight-pull rifle
 * Mannlicher M1891, semi-automatic rifle
 * Mannlicher M1893, semi-automatic rifle
 * Mannlicher M1893, turning-bolt rifle
 * Swiss Mannlicher M1893 Carbine, straight-pull carbine
 * Mannlicher M1894, semi-automatic pistol
 * Mannlicher M1895, straight-pull rifle
 * Mannlicher M1900, semi-automatic rifle
 * Mannlicher M1901, semi-automatic pistol
 * 7.65 × 21 mm Mannlicher, a pistol cartridge
 * Mannlicher M1905, semi-automatic pistol
 * Mannlicher–Schönauer, bolt-action rifle
 * 6.5×54mm Mannlicher–Schönauer, a rifle cartridge
 * 9.5×57mm Mannlicher–Schönauer, a rifle cartridge
 * Geweer M. 95, also known to collectors as the Dutch Mannlicher, a service rifle
 * 8×50mmR Mannlicher, a service cartridge
 * 6.5×53mmR, also known as the .256 Mannlicher, a rimmed centerfire military rifle cartridge

Patents
Repeating Firearm. April 12, 1892. (Rifle)

Feed Mechanism for Magazine-Guns. Granted April 24, 1894. (Rifle)

Automatic Firearm. Granted April 27, 1897. (Rifle)

Automatic Firearm. Granted April 27, 1897. (Pistol, Steyr Mannlicher M1894)

Automatic Firearm. Granted May 19, 1903. (Rifle)

Small-Arm Having Automatic Breech-Action. Granted November 14, 1905. (Rifle, granted posthumously)

title: Ferdinand Mannlicher


text:
Cisterna magna

The cisterna magna (posterior cerebellomedullary cistern, or cerebellomedullary cistern ) is the largest of the subarachnoid cisterns. It occupies the space created by the angle between the caudal/inferior surface of the cerebellum, and the dorsal/posterior surface of the medulla oblongata (it is created by the arachnoidea that bridges this angle ). The fourth ventricle communicates with the cistern via the unpaired midline median aperture.  It is continuous inferiorly with the subarachnoid space of the spinal canal.

The cisterna magna contains the two vertebral arteries, the origins of the two posterior inferior cerebellar arteries, the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), vagus nerve (CN X), accessory nerve (CN XI), hypoglossal nerve (XII), and choroid plexus.  The vertebral artery and posterior inferior cerebellar artery of either side pass traverse either lateral portion of the cistern.

Etymology
The Terminologia Anatomica classifies the terms cisterna magna and posterior cerebellomedullary cistern as synonyms. It does not recognise the term "cerebellomedullary cistern" (neither as a synonym or distinct structure) but acknowledges the lateral cerebellomedullary cistern as a distinct structure.

The 42nd edition of Gray's Anatomy (2020) and 12th edition of Last's Anatomy (2011) recognise the cisterna magna and cerebellomedullary cistern as synonyms, and do not describe a separate lateral cerebellomedullary cistern.

According to the 8th edition of the Clinical Oriented Anatomy (2018), the cerebellomedullary cistern is subdivided into the posterior cerebellomedullary cistern (cisterna magna), and the lateral cerebellomedullary cistern.

Clinical significance
The cisterna magna may be tapped with a needle inserted superior to the posterior arch of atlas.

title: Cisterna magna


text:
Talk:Defense Finance and Accounting Service

Untitled
The language used here needs to be toned down, made more encyclopaedic and NPOV.Blaise 09:01, August 21, 2005 (UTC)

DFAS in London, Kentucky
A decade ago, Air Force Accounting & Finance gave way to Defense Finance and Accounting Service-DFAS, and my check no longer came from Denver, but London, Kentucky pop. 7,993. Then in the States and smelling pork, I looked into it. London, it turns out, is strung out along the rim of a white-water canyon, which is suitable for supplying both hydroelectric power and cooling for a giant computer. I hope that's notable enough for some Wikipedian with more resources than I in remote Thailand, to dig up sources and cites for posting to both articles. Write now DFAS's is merely bureaucratic brag and London's, piffle, but both deserve better. --

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Good information REGTAP 3 (talk) 10:57, 6 October 2018 (UTC)

Necesito hablar con algún representanre
Necesito hablar con un representante 2601:188:8280:9E20:F8D7:9574:14F7:CCF5 (talk) 18:12, 3 January 2022 (UTC)


text:
Boston bread riot

The Boston bread riot was the last of a series of three riots by the poor of Boston in Massachusetts Bay Colony between 1710 and 1713, in response to food shortages and high bread prices. The riot ended with minimal casualties.

Riot
In the early 18th century, the city of Boston had very little arable land, and most grain had to be imported from surrounding towns or from abroad. It was common practice for the larger local grain merchants to hoard grain to drive up local prices, and to sell grain in more lucrative foreign markets such as Europe or the sugar plantations of the West Indies. On top of this, Queen Anne's War (1702–1713) interfered with foreign trade. By 1709, Boston was experiencing a serious food shortage and skyrocketing bread prices.

In April 1710, a group of men broke the rudder of a cargo ship belonging to merchant Andrew Belcher to stop its cargo of wheat from being shipped away and sold abroad. The next day, about 50 men attempted to force the ship's captain ashore, intending to loot the ship of its grain. They were arrested, but popular support for their cause resulted in them being released without charges.

In May 1713, a mob of more than 200 rioted on Boston Common, protesting high bread prices. The mob again attacked Belcher's ships, and this time they "broke into his warehouses looking for corn, and shot the lieutenant governor when he tried to interfere."

title: Boston bread riot


text: User:Jakemelen

title: User:Jakemelen


text:
Talk:Immunosuppressive drug/to do

 * explain the side effects of the drugs
 * explain the administration of the drugs
 * write a history of the immunosuppressive therapy
 * add printed references
 * discuss merging with immunosuppression to immunosuppressive therapy

title: Talk:Immunosuppressive drug/to do


text:
User talk:Eiserlohpp

You've been here since 2004 and no one's welcomed you yet? Jeez. I'm not usually one for doing the welcomes, but for you I'll make an exception.

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Thanks for your contributions. Fernando Rizo T/C 09:03, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Eiserlohpp


text:
Cerebellar tentorium

The cerebellar tentorium or tentorium cerebelli (Latin for "tent of the cerebellum") is an extension of the dura mater between the inferior aspect of the occipital lobes and the superior aspect of the cerebellum. The free border of the tentorium gives passage to the midbrain (the upper-most part of the brainstem).

Free border
The free border of the tentorium is U-shaped; it forms an aperture - the tentorial notch (tentorial incisure) - which gives passage to the midbrain. The free border of each side extends anteriorly beyond the medial end of the superior petrosal sinus (i.e. the apex of the petrous part of the temporal bone) to overlap the attached margin, thenceforth forming a ridge of dura matter upon the roof of the cavernous sinus, terminating anteriorly by attaching at the anterior clinoid process.

The tentorium slopes superior-ward so that the free border is situated at a more superior level than its bony attachment, thus conforming to the shape of the surfaces of the cerebrum and cerebellum with which it is in contact.

Attached border
The attached margin of the tentorium cerebelli is attached at the edges of the transverse sinuses and superior petrosal sinus (here, the two layers of the tentorium diverge to embrace the sinuses);  it thus attaches onto the occipital bone posteriorly, and (the superior angle of) the petrous part of the temporal bone anteriorly.

Anteriorly, its attachment extends to the posterior clinoid processes; posteriorly, it extends to the internal occipital protuberance.

It is attached, behind, by its convex border, to the transverse ridges upon the inner surface of the occipital bone, and there encloses the transverse sinuses; in front, to the superior angle of the petrous part of the temporal bone on either side, enclosing the superior petrosal sinuses.

Relations
The posterior end of the falx cerebri attaches onto the midline of the upper surface of the tentorium; the straight sinus runs along this line of junction.

Clinical significance
Brain tumors are often characterized as supratentorial (above the tentorium) and infratentorial (below the tentorium). The location of the tumor can help in determining the type of tumor, as different tumors occur with different frequencies at each location. Additionally, most childhood primary brain tumors are infratentorial, while most adult primary brain tumors are supratentorial. The location of the tumor may have prognostic significance as well.

Since the tentorium is a hard structure, if there is an expansion of the volume of the brain or its surrounding matter above the tentorium, such as because of a tumour or bleeding, the brain can get pushed down partly through the tentorium. This is called herniation and will often cause an enlarged pupil on the affected side, due to pressure on the oculomotor nerve. Tentorial herniation is a serious symptom, especially since the brainstem is likely to be compressed as well if the intracranial pressure rises further. A common type of herniation is uncal herniation.

Calcifications within the cerebellar tentorium are relatively common in elderly people; they seem to rarely cause symptoms.

title: Cerebellar tentorium


text:
One-north MRT station

one-north MRT station is an underground Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) station on the Circle line in Queenstown, Singapore.

Located between Ayer Rajah Avenue and Portsdown Road underneath Fusionopolis Place within one-north, this is the only MRT station to have a name that starts with a lowercased letter and includes a hyphen. The station takes its name from the one-north business park, a reference to Singapore's latitude being (slightly over) one degree north of the equator. The station is nestled within the basement of Fusionopolis, a research and development complex comprising retail outlets and serviced apartments.

History
As part of the survey, one-north was originally named 'Portsdown'. The options involved 'one-north', 'Portsdown' and 'Ayer Rajah'. In the end, one-north was selected in January 2006. Construction began on 12 March that year. The station was opened on 8 October 2011, along with Stages 4 and 5 of the Circle line. The significance of the name one-north is from the fact that Singapore is one-degree to the north of the equator, and also for the fact that the station is close to many Quaternary Industries like Biopolis and Fusionopolis. In addition, it is located between Portsdown Road (bus service 191) and Ayer Rajah Avenue (bus service 91), but it is not near to Mediapolis.

Art in Transit
The artwork featured in this station under the Art in Transit programme is A Visual Narrative Of Pandemonic Rhythmic Movement by Yek Wong. This piece, split in three parts and stretching from above Platform B doors to the skylight, is an abstraction of colours, shapes and lines. The lines are in fact depictions of MRT commuter traffic from morning to evening (going from left to right).

title: One-north MRT station


text:
User talk:Jakemelen

I gave $10 to Wikimedia, give some too dudes. Jakemelen 09:06, 21 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. --saxet 09:13, 21 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jakemelen


text: Talk:G.D. Searle, LLC

title: Talk:G.D. Searle, LLC


text:
Crista galli

The crista galli (Latin: "crest of the rooster") is a wedge-shaped, vertical, midline upward continuation of the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone of the skull, projecting above the cribriform plate into the cranial cavity. It serves as an attachment for the membranes surrounding the brain.

Attachments
The falx cerebri (a fold of the dura mater surrounding the brain) attaches to the crista galli.

Relations
The olfactory bulbs of the olfactory nerve lie on either side of the crista galli on top of the cribriform plate.

Variation
The base of crista galli varies in height. A bifid crista galli may suggest intracranial extension of a nasal dermoid cyst.

title: Crista galli


title: User:63.116.190.10


text:
Music in the Republic of Karelia

Traditional music of Karelia is a form of music performed among Karelian people. It has been less influenced by Germanic elements than traditional Finnish music, which is why many Finnish musicians and other creators have used it as source of inspiration. Like other Baltic Finnic people, Karelians have performed rune singing. Unlike Finland and like the neighboring Ingrian music of Russia, however, Karelia is also home to musical laments. The kantele is a popular instrument in Karelia as well as throughout Finland.

Karelian folk music continues to be performed by groups like the Karelian Folk Music Ensemble, who sing in Finnish, Russian and Karelian, and have toured across Europe and the United States. Bands performing in traditional styles include, among others, Burlakat and Myllärit. The popular Finnish folk group Värttinä has recorded a number of songs based on Karelian melodies.

title: Music in the Republic of Karelia


text:
Commonwealth Place, Canberra

Commonwealth Place is located on the southern shore of Lake Burley Griffin, Canberra. It lies along the ‘water axis’ running along the lake from Black Mountain. Commonwealth Place is the location of the Gallery of Australian Design, Reconciliation Place, a restaurant and Speakers Square. Walter Burley Griffin, the architect who designed Canberra, envisaged that the area would be the site of a "water gate" which would have a terrace above it, providing a "forum for the people". Griffin's vision was for a long time left unrecognised but as of 2005 the area was being developed to reflect the original plan.

Speakers Square, at the centre of Commonwealth Place is a concave shaped grassed area with a paved mural in the middle which was a gift to Australia from the Government of Canada to mark the Centenary of Australian Federation. A display of international flags lines the lake shore, one flag for each nation with a diplomatic mission in the capital. Flags include those of the United Nations, European Union and the Holy See.

title: Commonwealth Place, Canberra


text:
Talk:Duncan, British Columbia

World's Largest Hockey Stick
I believe this was surpassed by a larger hockey stick in Minnesota more than a decade ago. Can anyone verify? 38.112.113.242 20:45, 27 February 2006 (UTC)

 * The Duncan stick is larger but the Minnesota stick is all one piece. The Duncan stick is composed of smaller parts (all joined together). --129.97.84.62 20:07, 15 March 2006 (UTC)

World's Largest Hockey Stick
World's Largest Hockey Stick

In Evelith, Minnesota they had the following built in 1995: Stick length: 107 feet Stick weight: 7,000lbs Made of: White and yellow aspen

Puck diameter: 5 feet Puck weight: 700lbs

However, at the Cowichan Community Centre, in Duncan, British Columbia they already had this (built in 1985):-

Stick length: 205 feet Stick weight: 61,000lbs Made of: Douglas fir beams reinforced with steel

This one was originally commissioned by the Government of Canada as part of Expo '86 in Vancouver. It was then donated to British Columbia who held a Canada wide competition for it's final destination.

A few facts on this stick:-

The "world's largest hockey stick and puck" is 40 times lifesize. The shaft and blade are made with steel reinforced Douglas Fir glulam beams 0.9144m X 1.2192m (3 foot by 4 foot) in section and 62.48m (205 foot) long. It weighs 28,118kg (61,000 pounds) and was built in Penticton, BC and trucked to Vancouver in two pieces and spliced together on the ground, then lifted into position on August 21, 1985. Lowered and transported to Vancouver Island by barge and three flat bed trucks exactly two years later ... August 21, 1987. Dedicated at it's current site on May 21, 1988, two years to the day after Expo '86 opened.

British Columbia's smallest city
The title for British Columbia's smallest incorporated city (by population) goes to #REDIRECT Greenwood, not Duncan.

--Nathaniel Christopher 23:41, 2 July 2006 (UTC)

I see no point in linking Duncan with the Air India bombing
Just because the man convicted of the air India bombing lived near Duncan, I see no reason to mention it in the article. Charles Hoey DID live in Duncan, yet you do not mention him. The part about Chinatown is simply wrong and you have misquoted it by saying something about immigration laws being stricter. That was not true by the 1960's and the original website does not say that at all.

I see no point in linking Duncan with the Air India bombing
Just because the man convicted of the air India bombing lived near Duncan, I see no reason to mention it in the article. Charles Hoey DID live in Duncan, yet you do not mention him. The part about Chinatown is simply wrong and you have misquoted it by saying something about immigration laws being stricter. That was not true by the 1960's and the original website does not say that at all. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Sharon Jackson (talk • contribs) 17:17, 15 March 2012 (UTC)

 * Thank you for coming here to discuss it. I reverted your first and second edits for several reasons. After dealing with connectivity problems all day, I'm a bit pressed for time now. Short version: the Air India thing is quite negotiable, and the cited source appears to support both your version and the status quo (at least in part), but your wording is promotional in tone and wholly inappropriate for an encyclopedia article. Barring catastrophe, I'll be back to explain in detail within the next 24 hours. Rivertorch (talk) 21:03, 15 March 2012 (UTC)
 * All right. Regarding the sentence beginning, "As immigration laws became more restrictive, businesses closed and the buildings became run down", which you changed to "As single men became rare and families moved away, businesses closed and the buildings became run down", the source does support both the former and the latter. Unfortunately, it is apparently a copyright violation; the second clause is taken word for word from the source. So I'm removing the sentence entirely for the moment. The content can be added again but not using the exact wording or even a close paraphrase. The Totem Project is interesting and certainly merits mention, but your wording about the "close relationship Duncan has always had with its First Nations Neighbours" is vague (does "close" mean cordial? really? "always"?) and needs to be sourced. The centennial celebration wording is, no offense, a complete disaster; it reads like a blog entry, not an encyclopedia article. It's inappropriate to include a laundry list of the civic groups who participated or to describe any of the participants as "wonderful" (even though I'm sure they are). There are also multiple problems with style (e.g., Wikipedia doesn't use titles or honorifics). Regarding Air India, the content appears to be noteworthy if it is accurate as written. If you disagree, please explain your reasoning; I'm very happy to listen. Please understand, however, that removing negative content while inserting glowing endorsements in the same edit gives the appearance of an attempt at whitewashing the article. Finally, regarding Charles Hoey, his article doesn't mention anything about his residing in Duncan, but if that can be verified, there's a Notable residents section in this article just waiting for his name to be added. Rivertorch (talk) 06:06, 16 March 2012 (UTC)

Special Stone picture
The picture should be removed from the article. It's all blurry and you can't really read it. Automobililamborghini (talk) 20:45, 14 May 2014 (UTC)

No mention of Cowichan Tribes?
I am suprised there is no mention of the Cowichan Tribes history, government, or economic impact! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 96.54.226.70 (talk) 14:56, 20 June 2014 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Duncan, British Columbia


text:
A851 road

The A851 road is one of the principal roads of the Isle of Skye in the Inner Hebrides off the west coast of mainland Scotland.

It connects the ferry port of Armadale on the south of the island with the A87 road for Portree and the Scottish mainland. It is just under 15 miles in length.

Settlements on or near the A851
North to South
 * Duisdalemore
 * Isleornsay
 * Knock
 * Teangue
 * Saasaig
 * Ferrindonald
 * Kilmore
 * Kilbeg
 * Ardvasar
 * Armadale

title: A851 road


text:
Talk:JJ Lin/Archive 1

Name?
His name is JJ Lin not JJ Lam.

His name is Lin Jun Jie, not Lin Junjie...

His real name is Lin Jun Jie (林俊杰). Christian name is Wayne Lim. Not Lam or whatever. JJ is just his showname. He is Hokkien, not Cantonese.

 * Or shall we name the article as Lin Junjie?--Huaiwei 09:20, 21 August 2005 (UTC)

It doesn't really matter because both of it is his name, but as an artist he goes under the name JJ Lin
 * I would personally prefer to name this article as Lin Junjie, with JJ Lin mentioned in the first line of the article. Both names are more or less equally well known I guess to the Mandarin speaking world? If there are no objections, I will carry on with the move.--Huaiwei 14:02, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

Is he also known as JJ Lam too? I got more references of him by searching with JJ Lam or Lam JJ than JJ Lin on Google. — Instantnood 15:01, August 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Is JJ Lam Cantonese?--Huaiwei 15:21, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Lam is, but not the second J. :-) — Instantnood 15:54, August 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Ok. So may I know just how well known is he to the Cantonese audience? And meanwhile, may I know how you did your google search since I get quite a different result from yours? I also hope you realise most search entries are not talking about the Singer at all? -  Huaiwei 16:33, August 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * I supposed it is not easy to differentiate entries about him from those that are not on a Google search, and therefore my comment above was based on quick observation from the first few results shown. By searching with "Lam JJ" or "JJ Lam" I got more entries about him in the first few results shown than searching with "Lin JJ" or "JJ Lin". I did not try "Lin Jun Jie" or "Lin Junjie". And from what I know he's almost unheard in Hong Kong. Not too sure if that's the case in Guangdong and Macao. — Instantnood 16:49, August 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Ok...I suppose that is pretty clear that it isnt exactly a valid point to note in this case than.--Huaiwei 05:43, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I have no comment over the title. I'm just interested to know if he's also commonly known as Lam JJ or JJ Lam. If that's true, it should be acknowledged in the article. — Instantnood 08:22, August 23, 2005 (UTC)

User:Huaiwei has successively removed "Lam JJ" and "JJ Lam" from the article, despite that it is verifiable that Lin Junjie is also known as "Lam JJ" and "JJ Lam". Huaiwei claimed he " asked if "Lam" is a Cantonese word. No answer. ", although it's pretty obviously he did recognise my answer to his question. — Instantnood 17:22, August 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Then can you tell us just how constructive of an anwer is a statement like "Lam is, but not the second J. :-)"?--Huaiwei 09:59, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * You asked " Is JJ Lam Cantonese? ", and my answer was "Lam is (Cantonese), but not the second J". Well if that's not clearly enough for you let's put it in this way. The pronunciation of 林 in Cantonese is normally transliterated as Lam, but 杰 or 傑 is never transliterated with a J. — Instantnood 10:37, August 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Then answer the question directly instead of giving wishy-washy answers typical of galfriends playing mindgames with their boyfriends. Now, we know that JJ Lin is also called JJ Lam by some sites, even thou this name may not be his name on his IC, or he may not even be Cantonese. Given such a situation, would you mind commenting if we may start adding Mandarin, Hokkien, Shanghaiese, Hainanese, Teochew, Hakka, blah blah blah pronunciations of every ethnic Chinese person's name in wikipedia? Btw, what is your real name?--Huaiwei 11:10, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Interesting~ In what way is that answer wishy-washy like mindgames? Lam JJ is not entirely Cantonese, although Lam seems to be. If there's evidence that he is credited in English by the transliterations based on other Chinese languages, then why not? — Instantnood 11:20, August 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Hmm....so we now know that JJ Lam is actually an inaccurate presentation of his name (just as we keep getting western publications who keep placing Chinese surnames behind). I dont see why we need to have inaccurate names placed in an article page, just as I see no justification in listing every single possible transliteration of a person's name in every single page in wikipedia. A redirect already exists, and that is good enough. How is it wishy washy? By the very fact that his "conversation" exists, of coz! :D And you still hadent answered my question (as usual). What is your real name?--Huaiwei 11:27, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

Regarding the profile
The profile seems to be copied from some fan site. It should be translated in verbose form as much as possible. Also, some points are not necessary in an encyclopedia article. Kengbeng 07:43, 24 February 2006 (UTC)

ST Life! interview
Sometime this year, JJ Lin was interviewed by ST Life. Anyone knows the particular date of the interview published in ST? This is a Monday interview section, so it will be easier to find. :) Terence 09:21, 14 June 2007 (UTC)

Album Art
The album art for his newest album, West Side, is wrong. Here's a link to the actual album cover- http://image.baidu.com/i?ct=503316480&z=0&tn=baiduimagedetail&word=%CE%F7%BD%E7&in=34&cl=2&cm=1&sc=0&lm=-1&pn=33&rn=1

The one here is his single.

Meeda 15:15, 8 August 2007 (UTC)meeda

Fair use rationale for Image:Jjlinwestside.jpg
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World Tour
The chinese and pinyin do not match up. chinese is missing characters corresponding to the pinyin "shi jie" (I assume it would be 世界). Also, pinyin is usually written with syllables forming a single word together, i.e. shijie, not shi jie. Alberrosidus (talk) 23:28, 5 February 2008 (UTC)
 * Resolved. Pandacomics (talk) 01:46, 6 February 2008 (UTC)

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Name
What is the point of having a link for every word in his Chinese name? -- Annonymus user (talk) 09:59, 9 October 2014 (UTC)

Compilation album blanked
Note that a user has blanked the compilation album, I have restored it, but it has then been blanked again. In ictu oculi (talk) 05:52, 19 April 2016 (UTC)

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title: Talk:JJ Lin/Archive 1


text:
Middle cerebral artery

The middle cerebral artery (MCA) is one of the three major paired cerebral arteries that supply blood to the cerebrum. The MCA arises from the internal carotid artery and continues into the lateral sulcus where it then branches and projects to many parts of the lateral cerebral cortex. It also supplies blood to the anterior temporal lobes and the insular cortices.

The left and right MCAs rise from trifurcations of the internal carotid arteries and thus are connected to the anterior cerebral arteries and the posterior communicating arteries, which connect to the posterior cerebral arteries. The MCAs are not considered a part of the Circle of Willis.

Structure
The middle cerebral artery divides into four segments, named by the region they supply as opposed to order of branching as the latter can be somewhat variable:
 * M1: The sphenoidal segment (stem), receiving its name due to its course along the adjacent sphenoid bone. It is also referred to as the horizontal segment, though this may be misleading since the segment may descend, remain flat, or extend posteriorly the anterior (dorsad) in different individuals. The M1 segment perforates the brain with numerous anterolateral central (lateral lenticulostriate) arteries, which supply the basal ganglia.
 * M2: Extending anteriorly on the insula, this segment is known as the insular segment. It is also known as the Sylvian segment when the opercular segments are included. The MCA branches may bifurcate or sometimes trifurcate into trunks in this segment which then extend into branches that terminate towards the cortex.
 * M3: The opercular segment, extending laterally and exteriorly from the insula towards the cortex. This segment is sometimes grouped with M2.
 * M4: These finer terminal or cortical segments irrigate the cortex. They begin at the external margins of the Sylvian fissure and extend distally away on the cortex of the brain.

The M2 and M3 segments may each split into 2 or 3 main trunks (terminal branches) with an upper trunk, lower trunk and occasionally a middle trunk. Bifurcations and trifurcations occurs in 50% and 25% of the cases respectively. Other cases include duplication of the MCA at the internal carotid artery (ICA) or an accessory MCA (AccMCA) which arise not from the ICA but as a branch from the anterior cerebral artery. The middle trunk that exist in parts of the population, when present provides the pre-Rolandic, Rolandic, anterior parietal, posterior parietal and the angular artery for irrigation instead of the upper and lower trunks.

The branches of the MCA can be described by the areas that they irrigate.

Frontal lobe

 * Lateral frontobasal (orbitiofrontal): This artery branches out anteriorly, superiorly and laterally to vascularize the inferior frontal gyrus. It "competes" in size with the frontal polar branch of the anterior cerebral artery
 * Prefrontal arteries: These arteries fan out over the insula and exit to the cortex via the medial surface of the frontal operculum. The arteries fan superiorly over the pars triangularis and vascularize the inferior and middle frontal gyrus. Near the superior frontal gyrus these arteries anastomose with branches from the pericallosal artery of the anterior cerebral artery.
 * Pre-Rolandic artery (precentral): The artery extends out on the medial surface of the operculum and supplies the posterior parts of the middle and inferior frontal gyri as well as the lower parts of the pre-central gyrus. This artery branches once or twice and is relatively invariant across anatomies.
 * Rolandic arteries (central): The artery extends out and exits from the central portion of the operculum then passes inside the central sulcus. This artery bifurcates in 72% of individuals and irrigates the posterior pre-central gyrus and the inferior portion of the post-central gyrus.

Parietal lobe

 * Anterior parietal: This artery usually originates from a distal MCA branch. In some cases it branches from the rolandic artery or from the posterior parietal artery. It extends the length of interparietal sulcus and descends slightly posteriorly.
 * Posterior parietal: Emerges from the posterior end of the Sylvian fissure and extends first posteriorly, and then anteriorly along the posterior of the parietal lobe. It also branches to the supramarginal gyrus.
 * Angular: The angular artery is a significant terminal branch of the anterior or middle trunk of the MCA. It emerges from the Sylvian fissure and passes over the anterior transverse temporal gyrus and usually divides into two branches. One of the branches supplies the angular gyrus while the other supplies the supramarginal gyrus, posterior superior temporal gyrus, and the parietooccipital arcus (sulcus).
 * Temporooccipital: The longest cortical artery, it runs posteriorly opposite to the center of the operculum. Upon its exit from the Sylvian fissure, it runs parallel to the superior temporal sulcus and supplies the superior and inferior occipital gyri. This vessel anastamoses with the posterior cerebral artery and may exist as one or two arteries, 67% or 33% of the time, respectively.

Temporal lobe

 * Temporopolar: The artery extends from the sphenoidal segment of the MCA via the inferior surface of the operculum and supplies the polar and anterior lateral portions of the temporal lobe. The vessel can be identified in 52% of normal angiograms
 * Anterior temporal: This artery typically arises from the proximal MCA trunk and extends in the similar fashion as the temporopolar artery and vascularizes the same regions.
 * Middle temporal: This artery extends from the Sylvian fissure opposite to the inferior frontal gyrus and supplies superior and middle portions of the middle temporal lobe. It can be identified in 79% of angiograms.
 * Posterior temporal: This artery extends out and away from the operculum and turns in a step-wise manner first inferiorly then posteriorly into the superior temporal sulcus then to the middle temporal sulcus. This vessel supplies posterior portion of the temporal lobe and is the origin of several perforating arteries that irrigate the insula. It is readily identifiable in most radiograms.

Function
Areas supplied by the middle cerebral artery include:

 * The bulk of the lateral surface of the hemisphere; except for the superior inch of the frontal and parietal lobe (anterior cerebral artery), and the inferior part of the temporal lobe.
 * Superior division supplies lateroinferior frontal lobe (location of Broca's area i.e. language expression)
 * Inferior division supplies lateral temporal lobe (location of Wernicke's area i.e. language comprehension)
 * Deep branches supply the basal ganglia as well as the internal capsule

MCA occlusion site and resulting Aphasia
 * Global – trunk of MCA
 * Broca – anterior branch of MCA
 * Wernicke – posterior branch of MCA

Occlusion
Occlusion of the middle cerebral artery results in Middle cerebral artery syndrome, potentially showing the following defects:

 * 1) Paralysis (-plegia) or weakness (-paresis) of the contralateral face and arm (faciobrachial)
 * 2) Sensory loss of the contralateral face and arm.
 * 3) Damage to the dominant hemisphere (usually the left hemisphere) results in aphasia (i.e. Broca's area or Wernicke's)
 * 4) Damage to the non-dominant hemisphere (usually the right hemisphere) results in contralateral neglect syndrome, inaccurate localization in the half field, impaired ability to judge distance (nondominant parietal lobe).
 * 5) Large MCA infarcts often have déviation conjuguée, a gaze preference towards the side of the lesion, especially during the acute period. Contralateral homonymous hemianopsia is often present.

title: Middle cerebral artery


text:
Makedon (mythology)

In Greek mythology, Makedon, also Macedon (Μακεδών) or Makednos (Μακεδνός), was the eponymous ancestor of the ancient Macedonians according to various ancient Greek fragmentary narratives. In most versions, he appears as a native or immigrant leader from Epirus, who gave his name to Macedonia, previously called Emathia according to Strabo, which according to Marsyas of Pella was until then a part of Thrace.

Etymology

Μακεδών (Makedón) is related to the Greek μᾰκεδνός (makednós, “tall, slim”). Both adjectives traditionally derive from the Indo-European root *mak- or *meh2k-, meaning "long, slender", cognate with poetic Greek makednós or mēkedanós "long, tall", Doric mãkos and Attic mẽkos "length", Makistos, the mythological eponym of a town in Elis and an epithet of Heracles, Avestan masah "length", Hittite mak-l-ant "thin", Latin macer "meagre" and Proto-Germanic *magraz "lean, meager". The same root and meaning has been duly assigned to the tribal name of the Macedonians, which is commonly explained as having originally meant "the tall ones" or "highlanders" in Greek.

Son of Zeus
A fragment of the Hesiodic Catalogue of Women, quoted by Constantine Porphyrogenitus, states: "Macedonia the country was named after Makedon, the son of Zeus and Thyia, daughter of Deucalion, as the poet Hesiod relates; and she became pregnant and bore to thunder-loving Zeus, two sons, Magnes and Macedon, the horse lover, those who dwelt in mansions around Pieria and Olympus". The poetic epithet "hippiocharmes" can alternatively be translated as "fighting on horseback" or "chariot-fighter" and has also been attributed to Aeolus son of Hellen, Troilus and Amythaon. A fragment of the Macedonian historian Marsyas of Pella (4th century BC), through a scholiast of Iliad xiv 226 confirms the genealogy as found in the Catalogue of Women: "Makedon son of Zeus and Thyia, conquered the land then belonging to Thrace and he called it Macedonia after his name. He married a local woman and got two sons, Pierus and Amathus; two cities, Pieria and Amathia in Macedonia were founded or named after them". The rare name of his mother Thyia, has been corrupted in transmission to Aithria or Aithyia through the phrase "kai Thyias, and Thyia". Thyia in the Delphic tradition was an eponym naiad of the Thyiades, alternative name of the Maenads in the cult of Dionysus, certainly practiced also in Macedonia.

The mythological chronologization of the Hesiodean passage indicates a time before the Trojan War and Iliad, since then the Magnetes dwell in Magnesia, Thessaly. The Catalogue of Women, which is variously dated mostly between the 8th and 6th century BC, provides the earliest and only reference to a Macedonian element before the 5th century BC historiography.

Son of Aeolus
In a fragment of a chronological work of Hellanicus called "Priestesses of Hera at Argos", and preserved by Stephanus, Makedon is son of Aeolus, as Hellanicus relates in the first (book or archive list) of his "Hiereiai tes Heras en Argei", and of Makedon, the son of Aeolus, the present Macedonians were named so, then living alone with the Mysians. The fragment does not clarify who of the three Aeoli is Makedon's father but Eustathius reported him as one of the ten sons of Aeolus, thus the son of Hellen. In later traditions, Magnes is also reported as one of the ten sons of Aeolus and father of Pierus.

N. G. L. Hammond, based on the passage of Hellanicus, as well on the Thessalian Magnes being brother of Macedon, suggested that the Macedonian language is an Aeolic Greek dialect. Jonathan M. Hall compares Magnes and Macedon to other excluded tribes from direct lineage to Hellen and later Olympic participants, such as Aetolians, Acarnanians and Arcadians. On the contrary, Eugene N. Borza gives no significance on this mythological figure for any historical conclusions.

Son of Osiris
In "The antiquities of Egypt", first chapter of Bibliotheca historica by Diodorus Siculus, which is based mainly on Aegyptiaca of Hecataeus of Abdera, Greek and Egyptian mythology have been syncretized. Osiris has taken the place of Dionysus in his various myths and expeditions. According to Herodotus Osiris was the Egyptian Dionysus and the house of Ptolemies claimed descent from Dionysus. (see also Osiris-Dionysus deity). Diodorus relates: "Now Osiris was accompanied on his campaign, as the Egyptian account goes, by his two sons Anubis and Macedon, who were distinguished for their valour. Both of them carried the most notable accoutrements of war, taken from certain animals whose character was not unlike the boldness of the men, Anubis wearing a dog's skin and Macedon the fore-parts of a wolf; and it is for this reason that these animals are held in honour among the Egyptians. Macedon his son, moreover, he left as king of Macedonia, which was named after him." Makedon has taken the place of the Egyptian wolf-god of Lycopolis, Wepwawet and in later traditions Makedon is mentioned as a son of the were-wolf Lycaon.

Son of Lycaon
According to Apollodorus, but not present in the list of Pausanias or Hyginus, Macednus is the tenth of the fifty sons of the impious Lycaon king of Arcadia. His mother may either be the naiad Cyllene, Nonacris or by unknown woman. The closest brother to him by region is Thesprotus. In the story of Pindus and the Serpent by Claudius Aelianus, Makedon is the son of Lycaon king of Emathia, "after whom the land was called Macedonia no longer preserving its ancient name".

Eustathius, summarizing the genealogies, relates: "Emathion son of Zeus and Electra preceding the birth of Makedon son of Aeacus" (instead of Lycaon). Strabo just called him archaios hegemon (old chieftain), and Pseudo-Scymnus, gêgenês basileus (earth-born king). Isidore of Seville, "rege Deucalionis materno nepote" (king, maternal grandson of Deucalion).

Descendants
According to Marsyas of Pella, Makedon son of Zeus had by a local woman two sons Pierus and Amathus. In the Ethnika of Stephanus (perhaps through Theagenes), sons and grandsons of Makedon are: Atintan (in the version of Lycaon) eponymous of a region in Epirus or Illyria, Beres, (father of Mieza, Beroea and Olganos, toponyms in Bottiaea), Europus by Oreithyia, daughter of Cecrops, and Oropus, birthplace of Seleucus I Nikator , which is perhaps confused with Europus. Finally, in the version of Lycaon, king of Emathia, Pindus is a son of Makedon, who gave his name to Pindus, where he died, a river of Doris, a region in central Greece.

It is unclear whether these localities represent pre- or post-Macedonian elements, since Emathia and Pieria are older toponyms than Macedonia. Anachronism is not infrequent in later mythic traditions. (Cf. Boeotus, reported as father of autochthon Ogyges)

Classical form
In Greek sources, the noun is mostly attested as Μακεδών (Makedôn) with two exceptions: the poetic form Μακηδών (Makêdôn) in Hesiod with long medial vowel serving the metrical feet of dactylic hexameter and Mάκεδνος (Mákednos) or latinicized Macednus with barytonesis and apophony in Apollodorus. The recessive accent is reminiscent of two Macedonian barytonized personal names, Κοῖνος (Koînos) and Βάλακρος (Bálakros) (Attic/Greek adjectives:koinós, phalakrós), but whether Makedôn or Mákednos is the original spelling presumably cannot be proven. Moreover, the suffix -dnos, either as the "Dorian Makednón ethnos" of Herodotus or makednós, a rare poetic epithet denoting tall, seems not to be attested in epigraphy, or used by Macedonians themselves.

In Latin sources the noun is Macedo. As adjectives the Latin Macedo and Greek Μακεδών (Makedôn) denote foremost a Macedonian man. They also appear, mostly during the Roman era, as personal male names (cf. Macedonius)

title: Makedon (mythology)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Charles Eugene Hendricks

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. Redwolf24 (talk) 04:04, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

Charles Eugene Hendricks
Article does not establish notability, in my opinion. Sietse 09:16, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, nn. --KFP 10:47, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete. I tagged the entry as nn-bio. It makes no claims to notability. --GraemeL (talk) 10:53, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete sounds like a really nice family, not an encylopedia entry. Alf 15:07, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User:Daniel Malan

I'm a scientist between jobs. I'm trained as a chemist, but I've been working in Geophysics since I went to Antarctica in 1999.

My full name is Daniel Malan, but I'm usually called Niel. Niel is a shortened from, but also a good Huguenot surname, like Malan.

title: User:Daniel Malan