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Football Tasmania

Football Tasmania (FT) is the governing body for soccer in the Australian state of Tasmania. The federation oversees competitions across Tasmania, Tasmanian representative teams, and development of the sport in the state. The federation was known as the Tasmanian Soccer Association until 1996, when it was renamed to Soccer Tasmania. In line with national changes in March 2006, it became Football Federation Tasmania. In February 2019, the organisation became simply Football Tasmania.

Football Tasmania sanctions all competitive football matches in Tasmania, either directly in the case of its own leagues, or indirectly, as is the case with local regional junior associations. FT also trains and appoints match officials in accordance with FIFA guidelines. FT governs the Tasmanian State League NPL Tasmania and the two underpinning domestic leagues, the Northern Championship, and the Southern Championship. FT also organises and runs several Tasmanian association football cup competitions. Responsibilities also include selecting and managing representative Tasmanian football sides at senior, men's, women's and youth levels.

Football Tasmania is a member of Football Australia, which is in turn a member of the Asian Football Confederation, and the world governing body FIFA.

Overview
Football Tasmania is a member of Football Federation Australia, and has its administrative headquarters and main playing ground at KGV Park in Glenorchy, which acts as a home ground to Glenorchy Knights Club.

All of Tasmania's major football teams are members of Football Tasmania, and FT organise the only FIFA-sanctioned competitive leagues in the state for both men and women. A hierarchy of league divisions operates in both the south and the north for senior men and women, and aged based divisions operate for juniors. The Sports Association of Tasmanian Independent Schools (SATIS), also runs a league for Independent schools, and although not affiliated with FT, does so in accordance with FT rules and with their sanctioning.

Football Tasmania is one of nine Football Federation Australia National Training Centres – which act as regional training bases for elite and emerging junior male and female footballers. A number of young Tasmanians have been selected for national sides as a result of their participation in the NTC programs, including Luke Eyles and Paul Stevens.

Football Tasmania also administers the Tasmanian rollout of national soccer initiatives, including 5-a-side competitions, school visits and game development programs. FT also runs a number of popular and growing Futsal Leagues based in Hobart, Launceston, Devonport and Ulverstone.

State League
Football Tasmania ran a statewide competition known as the Tasmanian State League, featuring sides from both the north and south of the state from 1978 until 1999, when it discontinued due to financial problems.

FT, working alongside member clubs, has announced plans to re-launch the State League, to be known as the Victory League, in 2013. This league is sponsored by Melbourne Victory and will feature eight teams; Devonport City, Launceston City, Northern Rangers, Olympia FC Warriors, Glenorchy Knights, Kingborough Lions, Hobart Zebras and South Hobart

History
Soccer was first played in Tasmania during the colonial period, but was never as popular as cricket, and the advent of Australian rules football in the mid-nineteenth century, soon saw that code surpass both rugby and football in popularity within the island colony. The code was generally referred to as British Association Football, to distinguish it from Rugby, and Australian rules, which soon became known locally as 'football' or 'footy'. The term soccer originated in England, first appearing in the 1880s as a slang abbreviation of the word "association", often credited to former England captain Charles Wreford-Brown. It is not clear when the term 'soccer' came into common use in Tasmania, but by the early twentieth century it was the more common term.

The first recorded organised match in Tasmania took place between seamen from the Royal Navy and merchant vessels, who formed a team in 1898, and challenged the soldiers from the Tasmanian Military Forces garrison at Anglesea Barracks. The match was played on the Queens Domain, and sparked a renewed local interest in the sport. In 1900, Englishman Reverend Fred Taylor established a league competition between three newly formed sides. They were Trinity, (representing the University of Tasmania's Christ College), the Gunners (the soldiers from Anglesea Barracks) and Sandy Bay (army volunteers). The involvement of the Tasmanian and later Commonwealth Military Forces in the Second Boer War led to a suspension of football in the colony. It wasn't until 1910, when two friends JJB Honeysett and Norm Vincent, who were both keen players, decided to reintroduced competitive matches. They created the state's first league involving teams from both north and south, and they also established a North vs South match, played annually almost continuously since that time, except for brief suspensions during the First World War and the Second World War. The newly formed South Hobart Soccer Club took on Westralia at the "Association Ground", Washington Street, South Hobart in the first match of the new league, winning 4–1.

A rise in the number of migrants arriving in Tasmania following the First World War saw the popularity of the sport grow, and the Tasmanian football championship resumed in 1919. That season saw South Hobart Soccer Club begin a remarkable run in which they won the state championship a record five years in a row. Although four-in-a-row has since been done twice, by Caledonians (1955–58), and White Eagles (1988–91), South Hobart's record has never been broken. Football remained healthy in Tasmania for the next twenty years, although it continued to play second-fiddle to Australian rules football in terms of overall popularity. South Hobart and Sandy Bay enjoyed much success, winning seven titles each in the inter-war years.

The sport was again suspended for the duration of the Second World War, but once again post-war migration saw the game revived. The new migrants came increasingly to Tasmania from southern and eastern European nations such as Italy, Greece, Czechoslovakia, Poland and Yugoslavia, and for many of these new arrivals, football was the most popular past time. The post-war revival of the 1950s was a boom time for football in Tasmania. Player numbers rose sharply, and many new clubs were formed, merged and folded. It was in the early 1950s that the State Soccer Council was created to oversee the rapidly expanding popularity of the game in Tasmania. This period is often nostalgically referred to as the 'golden era' of Tasmanian football, and even featured visiting professionals from leagues such as Italy's Serie A, making guest appearances for clubs like Hobart Juventus. The old pre-war powerhouses South Hobart and Sandy Bay were pushed aside, and migrant-community based teams Caledonians, Olympia, and Launceston Juventus began to dominate competitions. Caledonians were almost unstoppable in the 1950s, winning six titles, including four-in-a-row between 1955 and 1958.

In the early 1960s, the State Soccer Council was renamed as the Tasmanian Soccer Association. This period saw the migrant communities grow to a size where their traditional rivalries from Europe began to influence the game in Australia, including in Tasmania. Although the new wave brought a new style and flair to the game, it also sometimes tarnished its reputation as those rivalries descended into occasional violence. The older clubs struggled for success, but the 1960s saw Olympia and Launceston Juventus play off against each other for the Tasmanian football championship on four occasions, Olympia getting the best of their northern opponents on three of them. The early 1970s saw the rise of Hobart Juventus, who won four state titles between 1969 and 1973, including a staggering 13–5 aggregate score over Riverside Olympic in the two-legged final of 1973. The 1976 State Championship play-off between Rapid and Launceston Juventus proved to be an all-time classic. The first leg finished 3–2 in favour of Rapid, but a 4–3 home win for Launceston Juventus saw the two-legged final finish 6–6 on aggregate, and go to penalties. The ensuing penalty shootout was an incredible 12–11 sudden death win to Rapid. This era also saw the rise of Glenorchy Croatia, who were crowned state champions three times in the 1970s.

With the game's popularity in ascendancy, the Tasmanian Soccer Association instituted a new Tasmanian State League in 1978, replacing the north-south champions play-off with a league of regular competition between the best sides in both the north and south. White Eagles, a side which primarily consisted of players of Polish Australian extraction, began to announce themselves as a new power within the state at this time. They won their first state title winning the final play-off in 1977 against Devonport City, and repeated that success by winning the first State League title the following year. For the first four seasons, the state title was simply awarded to the team finishing in first place. However players and fans missed the north-south play-off final, and financial problems began to cloud some teams in the State League. In 1982 it was temporarily suspended, reverting to northern and southern leagues with a play-off between each winner to determine the state champions. Hobart Juventus dominating this period, winning their first title in 1973 after a ten-year drought, and going on to win three-in-a-row between 1983 and 1985. The State League resumed in 1988, and White Eagles announced themselves as the State's finest in the late 1980s, winning four-in-a-row between 1988 and 1991, and only losing seven league matches in the four seasons. In the 1989 season they went undefeated, and won the league by a massive 15 points.

The 1990s failed to produce a side capable of dominating the leagues in the way the previous two decades had, with six different teams being crowned Tasmanian champions. But it was a period of great change for the code within all of Australia, including Tasmania. The violence that plagued matches between rival ethnically based football teams across the country had become widespread, with flares thrown into crowds of rival supporters on several occasions. The situation was damaging the reputation of the game across the country, and stunting both the development of the game, and the progress of the Socceroos on the world stage. Soccer Australia decided measures had to be taken, and outlawed ethnic affiliations for football clubs. This affected clubs across the country including in Tasmania. In 1997, a major re-branding effort was introduced to the game across the country. The Tasmanian Soccer Association was renamed Soccer Tasmania, and they obliged member-clubs to distance themselves from their traditional ethnic roots. In the south, Glenorchy Croatia (Croatian) became Glenorchy Knights, Olympia (Greek) became Hobart Olympic, White Eagles (Polish) became New Town Eagles, Hobart Juventus (Italian) became Hobart Zebras, and Caledonians (British Australian) became West Hobart Lions. Northern clubs were also affected, with Launceston Juventus (Italian) becoming Launceston Zebras, and then changing again to Launceston City FC, and Launceston Croatia (Croatian) becoming Western Suburbs Knights, and then Prospect Knights FC.

The first decade of the 21st century saw football grow well in Tasmania. player numbers continued to rise, particularly in junior divisions. Football Federation Australia'a efforts to rebrand the game, along with the Socceroos qualifying for the 2006 FIFA World Cup helped bolster the popularity of the sport within Tasmania. New Town Eagles had undoubtedly been the dominant club in Tasmania from the late 1980s until the start of the 21st century, racking up seven state titles between 1988 and 1998, but the new decade saw a shift in power, with University winning a long-awaited first state title in 1999, and repeated it 2001.

Despite not having won a state title since 1959, at the end of the century South Hobart SC were still the most successful team in Tasmania with 11 titles, although they were being rapidly caught by Hobart Zebras (Juventus), who had won their ninth title in 1993. The oldest surviving club in Tasmania were relieved to add a twelfth title in 2002, the first in 43 seasons. The southern dominance in the Tasmanian football championship was challenged briefly by Devonport City FC (2003, 2004) and Somerset FC (2006, 2007) who both won two titles each in the 2000s. Glenorchy Knights were crowned state champions in 2005, and Clarence United became state champions for the first time in their history in 2009. South Hobart took the title in 2008 and then five consecutive titles from 2010–2014, to extend their tally to 18, and ensuring they remain the most successful club of all time in Tasmania.

In 2009 Hobart Olympic took the decision to revert to their ethnically affiliated name of 'Olympia', adding the epithet 'Warriors', and adopted a new logo featuring a Spartan warrior's helmet to further celebrate the Greek Australian heritage. This decision was made ahead of the club's fiftieth anniversary celebrations, and taken with the full blessing of Football Federation Tasmania.

Principals

 * Bob Gordon – President
 * Matt Bulkeley – Chief Executive Officer
 * Glen McNeill – Competitions Manager

Southern clubs

 * Barnstoneworth
 * Hobart City FC (formed by merger of Hobart City and Beachside FC)
 * Clarence Zebras Football Club (formed by merger of Clarence United FC and Hobart Zebras FC)
 * Northern Suburbs DOSA Soccer Club
 * Glenorchy Knights Football Club (formerly Glenorchy Croatia)
 * Hobart United Football Club (1947–1950; 2002–Current)
 * Huon Valley
 * Kingborough Lions United Soccer Club (formed by merger of Kingborough United and West Hobart Lions)
 * Metro Football Club (formerly Metro Claremont)
 * Nelson Eastern Suburbs Football Club
 * New Town Eagles Soccer Club (formerly White Eagles)
 * Olympia FC Warriors (formerly The Grecians, Olympia, Hobart Olympia, Hobart Olympic)
 * South East United FC
 * South Hobart Soccer Club
 * Southern FC (formerly Kingston Cannons and Christian United)
 * Taroona Football Club
 * University Soccer Club
 * Woodbridge Soccer Club (formerly Woodbridge Whalers Soccer Club)

Northern clubs

 * Burnie United
 * Devonport City Soccer Club (formerly Devonport, Devonport Rovers, Strikers)
 * Launceston United Soccer Club (formerly Matric)
 * Launceston City (formerly Launceston Juventus, Launceston Zebras)
 * Northern Rangers Football Club
 * Riverside Olympic
 * Somerset Soccer Club (Sharks)
 * Ulverstone Soccer Club

Defunct teams
Teams with an asterisk* won competitions whilst active

Southern:
 * ANM SC (became New Norfolk United) (1951–?)
 * Hobart Azzuri (1970–79)
 * Bohemians (1954 only)
 * Brighton Caledonians*(?–?)
 * Bronte Park (1954 only)
 * Cadbury's (1922–26)
 * Caledonians (?–?; merged with Hobart Rangers, became West Hobart Lions)
 * Cascades*(1931–36)
 * City United (1959–60)
 * Corinthians*(1910–25)
 * Hobart Dnipro (1970–?)
 * Eastern Suburbs SC (?–?)
 * Ex-Navy (became Hobart United) (1946 only)
 * Gunners (1900–?)
 * Hobart*(1910–1921 reformed as Hobart Athletic)
 * Hobart Athletic*(1925–1932)
 * Hobart Rangers (previously Hydro SC; 1958–67; merged with Caledonians)
 * Hollandia FC (1954–59)
 * Hutchins Old Boys (1935–?) Hydro (1954–57; became Hobart Rangers)
 * Inter (1957–63)
 * Kingston (?–?; merged with Rapid to form Kingborough United)
 * Moonah (1951–52; formerly Titans)
 * Navy Athletic (1928–35)
 * New Norfolk United (1948–50; renamed ANM)
 * Old Virgilians (1934–?)
 * Rapid*(?–?; merged with Kingston to form Kingborough United)
 * Sandy Bay*(1900–53)
 * Titans SC (1948–1951; became Moonah)
 * Trinity (1900–?)
 * Wanderers (1949–52; 1954–?)
 * Waterside (Waterside Workers, 1947 only)
 * Wayatinah (1957–63)
 * WestEnd United (1935–(1939)1945. Still existed during the war, but did not reform post-war)
 * West Hobart Lions (?–1996; formerly Caledonians, merged with Kingborough United)
 * Westralia*(1910–?)

Northern:
 * APPM (Burnie Rovers)
 * Burnie Spartans
 * Elphin
 * Georgetown
 * Invermay*
 * Launceston Matric
 * North Esk
 * North Launceston Eagles
 * Papermakers (1952–?)
 * Patons and Baldwins*(?–?)
 * Silverstars (Queenstown) (1952)
 * South Launceston
 * St. George*(1910–20)
 * St. Leonards Rovers (?–?; formerly Launceston Rovers)
 * Tamar (?–?)
 * Thistle

title: Football Tasmania


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Robin Singh (cricketer)

Rabindra Ramnarine "Robin" Singh (born 14 September 1963) is an Indian former cricketer and cricket coach. He represented India in one Test and 136 ODIs between 1989 and 2001 as an all-rounder. He has coached the Indian Premier League's Mumbai Indians since 2010 and the Caribbean Premier League's Barbados Tridents since 2013. He has also coached the Deccan Chargers in the IPL's inaugural year. As a player, he was known for his calmness and ability to perform under pressure. He brought to Indian cricket world class fielding. He was a part of the squad which finished as runners-up at the 2000 ICC Champions Trophy.

Born in Trinidad to Indo-Trinidadian parents, Singh moved to India in 1984 and studied at Madras University during which he played club and college-level cricket. He helped Tamil Nadu win the Ranji Trophy in 1988, and was one of the season's most consistent players. Tamil Nadu won the trophy then after 33 long years and have not won it again since. He captained both Tamil Nadu and South Zone. He gave up his Trinidad and Tobago passport so he could become an Indian citizen and play for India's national cricket team.

Early life
Robindra Ramnarine Singh was born in Princes Town, Trinidad and Tobago, to Ramnarine and Savitri Singh on 14 September 1963, and is of Indian descent. His forefathers were originally from Ajmer in Rajasthan. At the age of 19, Singh moved to Madras, India, where he earned a master's degree in economics at the University of Madras while beginning his cricket career. He currently resides in Chennai, India, with his wife Sujata and son Dhananjay, although his parents and siblings still live in Trinidad and Tobago.

Domestic career
While in Trinidad, Singh captained the Trinidad youth cricket team in regional tournaments from 1982 to 1983. He represented the senior Trinidad cricket team in two one-day matches in 1983, during which he played alongside Phil Simmons, David Williams, Larry Gomes, Gus Logie, Rangy Nanan, Sheldon Gomes, and Richard Gabriel.

Singh started his first-class career for Tamil Nadu during the 1985–86 season. Tamil Nadu won the Ranji Trophy for the first time in 33 years with Singh performing outstandingly. During his nearly two decade long career, he was a genuine all-rounder for his club, making more than 6,000 runs and taking 172 wickets with his medium-fast bowling.

International career
Singh made his debut for the Indian national cricket team in a One Day International against the West Indies cricket team on 11 March 1989. He played two one-day Internationals, coming in to bat at number 7 both times in futile situations. The Indian team dropped Singh after the series, and he played in domestic and overseas leagues for the next seven years, after which he secured a regular place on the Indian cricket team. Singh was recalled for the Titan Cup tournament in 1996. He remained a regular player in the One Day Internationals until 2001. Singh was known for his middle-to-lower order batting, medium-pace bowling, and his ground fielding skills. He was considered as the best Indian fielder in those times. He was also known for his batting in closing overs (usually along with Ajay Jadeja), which made him an integral player during the 1999 Cricket World Cup. Throughout his career, Singh was considered a better fit for One Day matches.

Coaching career
Singh began coaching soon after his retirement. His first coaching position was with the Indian under-19 cricket team. In 2004, he began coaching the Hong Kong national cricket team, helping it qualify for the 2004 Asia Cup. In 2006, Singh was appointed coach of the India A cricket team, where he coached cricketers such as Gautam Gambhir and Robin Uthappa. Several cricketers whom Singh coached went on to play for the Indian national team. Singh was named the Indian national team fielding coach in 2007 and 2008 and was appointed the first head coach of the Deccan Chargers franchise in the Indian Premier League.

Singh remained the fielding coach for the Indian national cricket team until October 2009 and was the batting coach of the Mumbai Indians, an Indian Premier League team. He joined MI in 2010 as Head coach for 3 years, which was a turning point in the team's fortunes as before that they had failed to qualify in the top four. He helped the Mumbai Indians occupy the runner-up position during the 2010 IPL season and was a part of the coaching structure since then winning the 2013 IPL season, the 2015 IPL season 2017 and 2019 and 2020 Indian Premier League championships. He also helped win the 2013 Champions League Twenty20, and the 2011 Champions League Twenty20.

Singh coached the Khulna Division cricket team in the Bangladesh Premier League, where he helped Dwayne Smith and Andre Russell further their cricket skills. In 2012, the Uva cricket team, under Singh's coaching, won the Sri Lanka Premier League tournament.

He was also the coach of the Barbados Tridents. Since its inception, the Tridents have won once, and have played two finals and a semifinal. Robin Singh was also the Head Coach and Mentor of City Kaitak, which finished as the runners-up of the 2017 edition of Hong Kong T20 Blitz. He was also the Head Coach of Karaikudi Kaalai, in the Tamil Nadu Premier League, between 2016 and 2017. He also coached the Kerala Kings, who were crowned as the Champions of the inaugural edition of the T10 League. He moved teams in 2018 to a new franchise, Northern Warriors for the second edition of the T10 League and took that team to victory in the tournament, making it back to back titles albeit with 2 different teams. In the 2020 edition Northern Warriors won yet again and Singh was replaced due to franchise ownership changing hands.

Singh was also involved in coaching the senior and junior USA cricket teams. In 2011, Singh coached the United States women's cricket team at the World Cup Qualifier Tournament in Bangladesh.

Robin Singh was appointed Director of Cricket – UAE Cricket and Head Coach of the UAE National Cricket Team in 2020.After 2 years of the pandemic disrupted his tenure at the start with virtually no cricket being played by his wards in a few months of active cricket uae had a series of successes to qualify for the ICC T20 World Cup in Australia. Although they didn't make it to the super 12s they had 3 hard fought games with few players putting up notable performances. He has currently been appointed the GM of MI Emirates for the inaugural edition of the UAE ILT20 league in 2023.

Initiatives
Robin Singh launched his academy, Robin Singh Sports Academy in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, which aims at providing state of the art facilities for the youngsters. The mission of his academy is to be a one-stop destination for all sports in the UAE expanding to cover the GCC and to help identify and nurture sportsmen and women to become champions and ambassadors for their country, and contribute towards a healthier community.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Robin Singh (cricketer)


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1900 Prince Edward Island general election

The 1900 Prince Edward Island general election was held in the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island on December 12, 1900.

The election was won by the governing Liberals, led by incumbent Premier Donald Farquharson. Farquharson would later give up his office in 1901 to run successfully for federal office. He was succeeded by Arthur Peters, who previously served as the province's Attorney General.

The opposition Conservatives, led by Daniel Gordon, lost two seats. This was Gordon's final election before stepping down as Conservative leader in 1903 - he was succeeded by John A. Mathieson

Members Elected
The Legislature of Prince Edward Island had two levels of membership from 1893 to 1996 - Assemblymen and Councillors. This was a holdover from when the Island had a bicameral legislature, the General Assembly and the Legislative Council.

In 1893, the Legislative Council was abolished and had its membership merged with the Assembly, though the two titles remained separate and were elected by different electoral franchises. Assembleymen were elected by all eligible voters of within a district, while Councillors were only elected by landowners within a district.


text: User talk:202.125.173.146

title: User talk:202.125.173.146


text:
1897 Prince Edward Island general election

The 1897 Prince Edward Island general election was held in the Canadian Province of Prince Edward Island on 28 July 1897.


text:
GUSD

GUSD may refer to:

 * Goleta Union School District
 * Glendale Unified School District
 * Ganado Unified School District
 * Gridley Unified School District

title: GUSD


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Brian Brake

John Brian Brake (27 June 1927 – 4 August 1988) was a photographer from New Zealand. He is best known for his 1955 photographs of Pablo Picasso at a bullfight, his 1957 and 1959 series of China, and his 1960 Monsoon series of India.

Early life (1927–1945)
Born in Wellington, New Zealand, Brake was the adopted son of John Samuel Brake and his wife Jennie Brake (née Chiplin). He was raised initially at Doyleston, before his father moved the family to Arthur's Pass, where his father owned the general store, and Christchurch, where he attended Christchurch Boys' High School. His early interest in photography was inspired by his aunt Isabel Brake, who exhibited with the Christchurch Photographic Society, and several of his older cousins.

Early career in New Zealand (1945–1954)
Brake trained with Wellington portrait photographer Spencer Digby from 1945. Three years later he joined Government filmmaking body the National Film Unit as an assistant cameraman. Brake worked on 17 films at the Unit, mostly as a cameraman, occasionally as a director. Though Brake's skills with studio lighting were utilised, the majority of his work involved the NFU's heavy diet of scenic shorts, including a series of 'snow' films Brake filmed in the Southern Alps. Snows of Aorangi, one of three NFU films Brake directed, was the first New Zealand film nominated for an Academy Award, in the Best Short Subject (Live Action) category in 1958. It was beaten to the Oscar by James Algar's nature film Grand Canyon.

Move to London (1954–1959)
Brake left New Zealand for London in 1954. In 1955, he met Ernst Haas and Henri Cartier-Bresson, members of the photo agency Magnum Photos. This led to his acceptance as a nominee member in the same year, and full membership in 1957. He remained a Magnum photographer until 1967. Working as a freelance photographer affiliated with Magnum, he traveled extensively throughout Europe, Africa, and Asia taking photographs that were published in Life, Paris Match, and National Geographic. In the mid-1960s, when he began working more exclusively for Life magazine.

Brake is known for his 1957 and 1959 coverage of China. He was allowed an unusual level of access, and images of China in the 1950s are rare. Brake was the only Western photo journalist to document the 10th anniversary of the People's Republic of China.

Brake is also known for his 1955 photographs of Pablo Picasso at a bullfight.

Monsoon (1960)
His Monsoon series of photographs taken in India during 1960 were published internationally in magazines including Life, Queen and Paris Match. Brake used Aparna Das Gupta (now Aparna Sen) as the model for what was to become one of his best known photographs from the Monsoon series — a shot of a girl holding her face to the first drops of monsoon rain. The shoot was set up on a Kolkata rooftop with a ladder and a watering can. Sen describes the shoot:

"He took me up to the terrace, had me wear a red sari in the way a village girl does, and asked me to wear a green stud in my nose.

To be helpful, I said let me wear a red one to match, and he said no — he was so decisive, rather brusque — I think a green one. It was stuck to my nose with glue, because my nose wasn't pierced.

Someone had a large watering can, and they poured water over me. It was really a very simple affair. It took maybe half an hour." The Monsoon series significantly increased Brake's fame.

Later work (1960–1988)
In 1960, Brake also photographed in New Zealand. The images were published in the best-selling book New Zealand, Gift of the Sea (1963). The book remained in print for over a decade and was republished in an entirely new format and with different images, but the same title, in 1990.

Brake made his home base in Hong Kong starting in 1962.

In 1965, Nigel Cameron and Brake published Peking: A Tale of Three Cities, which was dedicated to Brake's father, John Brake. In 1967, Brake and William Warren were commissioned by James Thompson to produce The House on the Klong, which was first published after the mysterious disappearance of silk merchant and former CIA agent James Thompson, in January 1968. This book was the first of many on craft and art objects. In the late 1960s, Brake primarily produced museum-style books on Asian artworks. Later titles on craft and art objects include The Sculpture of Thailand (1972), Legend and Reality: Early Ceramics from South-East Asia (1977), Art of the Pacific (1979), and, in collaboration with Doreen Blumhardt, Craft New Zealand: The Art of the Craftsman (1981).

In 1970, Brake founded Zodiac Films in Hong Kong and made documentary films in Indonesia until 1976.

In 1976, he moved from Hong Kong back to New Zealand and began to photograph New Zealand in addition to his prior work Asia. He was commissioned by Time-Life in the 1970s to photograph Sydney and Hong Kong for a book series on major cities.

He commissioned an East Asian influenced architectural award-winning house designed by Ron Sang on Titirangi's Scenic Drive, in the Waitākere Ranges to the west of Auckland; the house has a Category 1 Heritage New Zealand rating. He lived there with his life partner, Wai-man Lau, for the remainder of his life, although he continued to accept freelance assignments abroad. In 1985 he helped establish the New Zealand Centre for Photography.

In the 1981 Queen's Birthday Honours, Brake was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire, for services to photography.

Brake died at Titirangi of a heart attack in 1988.

Legacy
Brake was careful to retain his negatives and transparencies, as well as copyright, wherever possible. His entire collection of photographs is now housed at the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa. The Museum showed his China work in a 1995 exhibition, Brian Brake: China, the 1950s (with an accompanying book of the same title), and in 1998, Monsoon: Brian Brake's Images of India. Images from this series were published independently in 2007 as Monsoon. In 2010, the Museum mounted a major retrospective exhibition of his work, Brian Brake: Lens on the World, again with a fully illustrated catalogue.

title: Brian Brake


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Remington Zig-Zag Derringer

The Remington Zig-Zag Derringer, or "Pepper Box", originally termed "Elliot's Pocket Revolver", was made 1861–1862 with fewer than 1,000 manufactured.

Design
A 6 shot 22 rimfire short,  Remington's first firearm designed for metallic cartridge. Smith & Wesson patented the rim fire cartridge on August 8, 1854 patent number 11496. The patent was reissued in 1860. Six-Shot 3-3/16 barrel cluster with ZigZag grooves at the breech end working with diamond-shaped key extending in the interior from the ring trigger to provide the revolving mechanism of the barrels.

The Remington Zig-Zag Derringer is a double action derringer with a concealed hammer which is contained within the grip frame. The lever behind the ring is lifted to return the ring without firing and pushed down to release the barrel group to allow loading through a port in the breech of the frame. The grips are made of hard rubber (Gutta percha) and ivory being the only known other original. Blue or Silver finish (not nickel) or combination of both. Blue with silver frame or blue being most common and silver barrels more scarce. Screws can enter from either the left or right, mainspring set screw, none, or hole without threads present, throughout the serial number distribution with no apparent continuity. Serial number is on the frame under left grip.

Extensive study has identified approximately 140 known examples, being that this model has quite a delicate mechanism and was replaced by the Remington-Elliot Derringer "New Repeating Pistol" even before all were assembled, the survival rate of this model is expected to be quite low.

Markings

 * Elliots Patent August 17, 1858 - May 29, 1860 (left)
 * Manufactured By Remington's Ilion, N.Y. (right).

title: Remington Zig-Zag Derringer


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User talk:JonTown

Welcome to Wikipedia!
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia!

Here are some tips:
 * Take a look at the Simplified Ruleset.
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 * Create a User page
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 * Ignore all rules

If you feel a change is needed, feel free to make it yourself! Wikipedia is a wiki, so anyone (yourself included) can edit any article by following the  link. Wikipedia convention is to be bold and not be afraid of making mistakes. If you're not sure how editing works, have a look at How to edit a page, or try out the Sandbox to test your editing skills.

If, for some reason, you are unable to fix a problem yourself, feel free to ask someone else to do it. Wikipedia has a vibrant community of contributors who have a wide range of skills and specialties, and many of them would be glad to help. As well as the wiki community pages there are IRC Channels, where you are more than welcome to ask for assistance.

If you have any questions, feel free to ask me on my talk page. Thanks and happy editing, Alphax τεχ 04:52, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:JonTown


text:
1893 Prince Edward Island general election

The 1893 Prince Edward Island general election was held in the Canadian Province of Prince Edward Island on 13 December 1893. This was the first general election of Prince Edward Island won by the Liberal Party.

Each district elected two members. One of the two members from each constituency is styled a Councillor, and the other an Assemblyman. Assemblymen were elected by all resident males over the age of 21. Councillors were elected by property-owners.

In electoral contests Councillor candidates run against Councillor candidates; Assemblyman candidates against Assemblyman candidates.


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Category talk:Companies of Denmark

Untitled
Is There any reason why this is'nt at Category: Danish Companies? Sean Black 04:57, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Companies of Denmark


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Talk:Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Baltimore

Only two cities?
What about Newark with its Pro-Cathedral of Saint Patrick in Newark and Cathedral of the Sacred Heart Basilica, Newark? Joshuaschroeder 04:57, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

 * One could make the same argument with St. Louis, since it has the Old Cathedral and the New Cathedral. However, the Old Cathedral is technically no longer a cathedral since it no longer has a cathedra.  We can apply the same standard to Newark.  If there is still a cathedra in the Pro-Cathedral, then Newark would qualify.  However, pro-cathedral means "temporary cathedral," so I'm going to guess that since the completion of Sacred Heart, Saint Patrick no longer has a cathedra.  Since I've never been to the place, though, I could be wrong. Pmadrid 06:41, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:AOBSeal.jpg
Image:AOBSeal.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 05:23, 16 September 2007 (UTC)

Oldest diocese
The article is careful to make the distinction that the diocese is the oldest in the US as its border were at any given time. Could someone add which ones with in the current borders of the US are older? -Rrius (talk) 03:35, 26 December 2009 (UTC)
 * To obtain some answers to your question, you might want to reach out to a larger audience (of fellow editors/users) by posting your question on the talk page at List of the Catholic dioceses of the United States. Merry Christmas. Eagle4000 (talk) 17:15, 27 December 2009 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Baltimore. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20080724200915/http://archbalt.org/our-history/index.cfm to http://www.archbalt.org/our-history/index.cfm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers. —cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 09:52, 18 October 2015 (UTC)

list of Other Affiliated Bishops
I added the word "Other" to exclude those already listed as bishop of the diocese or as coadjutor or as auxiliary. I made some changes which I will list in the next paragraph, but I have a question as to how the order of this listing was determined. I see it's not alphabetical, and it is not QUITE chronological; did you mean for it to be chronological? As far as I am concerned, if I "inherit" a chronological listing, that's OK; however, I did anonymous editing for other dioceses where I had to erect such a list from scratch, and when I have done that, I have used alphabetical order and listed each man's 1st assignment as bishop, and not later assignments (although I will mention becoming a cardinal).

Today, in this list for the Baltimore archdiocese, I did not change the order of listing despite my question above. HOWEVER, I had to fix the chronological order for Thomas Becker (he was Bishop of Wilmington and THEN of Savannah), and had to note Spencer as auxiliary (NOT the Archbishop) for the Military. For Philip Hannan, I added the years of service in the Baltimore archdiocese (I understand it was called Baltimore-Washington at the time), and I do this when the ending date is not the beginning of his service elsewhere as bishop. (Philip Hannan was not yet a bishop in 1947; he switched over to Washington when that archdiocese and Baltimore received separate archbishops, then he became auxiliary bishop of Washington in 1956.) Carlm0404 (talk) 20:22, 31 July 2018 (UTC)

Piece of Virginia in 1846 and 1850
I added that in the text as another territory loss of this Archdiocese. Sorry I forgot to comment in the editing section. DC was formed from parts of Maryland and Virginia, and the Virginia part was returned to that state in 1846, but that action could not change diocese boundaries, so that piece of Virginia stayed in the Baltimore Archdiocese at that time. Carlm0404 (talk) 05:41, 15 November 2019 (UTC)

Parishes removed
We have decided, at WikiProject Catholicism, that parishes and schools be removed from diocesan articles per WP:NOT (Wikipedia is not a directory). It leads to bloat and long article length. Thank you for understanding. Elizium23 (talk) 22:15, 6 April 2020 (UTC)
 * Elizium23 (talk) 22:16, 6 April 2020 (UTC)

Archdiocese bankruptcy
It is being reported that the Archdiocese of Baltimore has filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy due to impending sexual abuse lawsuits. https://www.thebaltimorebanner.com/community/religion/archdiocese-of-baltimore-bankrupcy-NUAADGKF6FAO3EEUMSLCIZZ3SE/ 142.162.123.252 (talk) 20:07, 29 September 2023 (UTC)

Popular Culture or Media Portrayal
Moved Netflix reference to "Popular Culture" section, but maybe "Media portrayal" would be a better header in line with how organizations are labeled. If someone could provide some direction on this, that would be cool. Magjozs (talk) 23:42, 1 October 2023 (UTC)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of best-selling music artists

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was no consensus. I counted 55 for delete and 41 for keep. Or 53 for delete. Or 56 for delete. Depends on if you count anons or not. In any case, let's try to make this more accurate or else we'll be going through this again in a month. Woohookitty(cat scratches) 10:46, 27 October 2005 (UTC)

List of best-selling music artists

 * Strong Keep - is a great source of discussion and seems a fair mark in the sand
 * Strong Delete This list is made up
 * Strong Delete It's been proven that Beatles and Elvis have NOT sold over a billion records, there weren't even a billion of their albums printed. What's Michael Jackson doing way down on the list? He's been known as the biggest selling artist of all-time for a number of years now. This list is so wrong. Street walker 06:14, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * dream on street walker, your views are biast towards michael jackson and have been more than obvious for a while. Michael Jackson has only been known as the number 1 act ever amoung his fans, NOONE ELSE, it has NOT been proven elvis and the beatles didn't sell a billion. There have been over 3,000 Presley titles in print, The Beatles dominated the charts around the world more than any act ever, both had more sales chart ativity than jackson. GET OVER IT.
 * Strong Keep Why don't people just try to improve the accuracy, rather than blaming it? This is a collabrative community, isn't it?
 * Strong Delete Metallica, 10 billion albums sold? Yeah right. And the Beatles aren't even on the list. I think we should do another one like that with certifiable sources and lock it from edition if it is possible. That should be a good idea.
 * Delete Entirely fake figures from sources that are not accurate. It has become an article of fanboys of bands. Get rid of it!
 * Keep - useful, if not entirely accurate
 * Delete Full of inflated figures from shockingly dubious sources. Just look at the reference for Deep Purple's ludicrous claim of 100 million sold. This is a band that hasn't even sold 10 million in the USA. There is no way they sold more in countries where they generally charted worse. Just because some press agent makes a claim doesn't mean it's fact.
 * Keep it's a useful (though slightly innacutrate)
 * Delete it's highly innacutrate.
 * Delete Just go and delete it It's useless
 * Delete based soley on it claiming the Beatle's are a US group.... Xeno
 * Delete As stated before, it is biased. Mr Bisciut
 * Delete. This 'article' is, by far, the worst one on Wikipedia. Frankly, its getting out of hand. The figures are exaggerated and unreliable (there is no worldwide tracking system for sales) the page is vandalised incessantly. Many users take the page as a 'fansite' or forum, and they come here everyday and make false numbers and change the list to suit their artists. Really, what kind of article is this if its so unrealiable, people have to do their own research so that they can check if this article is accurate? At times, I want to revert the vandalism, but the page is so destroyed, I dont know the correct version to revert it to.
 * Keep Gilgamesh he 07:36, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Any reasons in particular?
 * Delete Gilgamesh he 12:26, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete ProhibitOnions 14:43:43, 2005-08-18 (UTC) The page is near-useless as a reference, and the fact that it lacks a methodology makes it prone to inflated fan figures, which are highly partisan. Similar non-scientific articles, particularly Biggest-selling female musician (Note: also marked for deletion), which repeats the same exaggerated fan claims, must also be deleted.
 * Delete as i already mentioned to you on the discussion page there is no reliable "methodology" everything that was suggested by yourself and others was just as faultless, if not more so. Also, are sales that importnat in "music" anyway? We can celebrate a musicains carrer in their articles, regardless of how many albums/singles/candy bars that they have sold 195.93.21.1
 * Delete, essentially a list of unverifiable assertions. --Jacj 18:50, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, no way of positively knowing this... it is mostly a bunch of estimations. Croat Canuck 22:04, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, I say delete it until there's a better way to verify cd sales
 * Keep. There is no way to verify record sales, estimates are all that is available. -user:Fallout_boy
 * Abstain. In one sense this article is unfixable. To do it right, you'd have to have reliable worldwide data (doesn't exist), a better wiki table formatting/numbering mechanism (doesn't exist), a real database query mechanism for the stats (doesn't exist), and no vandals (too many exist). Vorash spent tons of time and effort on this list, but eventually he was driven insane and left Wikipedia.  On the other hand, even if you delete this article, someone else will create one down the road, and it won't be as good as the one Vorash put together before he left.  Minus the vandalism, and with all the necessary qualifications that were given, the article did have some merit, in that it gave an order of magnitude idea of who sold a really lot of records and who didn't sell so much.  Sometimes fuzzy data is all you have to work with.   Wasted Time R 15:37, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, There is no way to verify, or know exactly who sold the most CDs, so therefore it is an estimate. Until we can verify it, and know exactly who sold many CDs, this article should be deleted.-User:jfriedman11746
 * THERE WILL NEVER BE A WAY TO VERIFY RECORD SALES. Especially on older releases, sales were never recorded, and even recent releases are difficult to keep track of sales. user:Fallout boy
 * Delete 68.101.51.87
 * Delete --AVainio 12:19, 20 August 2005 (UTC) Many of the accounts are false. Annie Lennox has sold 50 million? Maybe, but her own webpage states that her two albums have sold 12 million copies. Ok, maybe the 50 million (mentioned in some Live8 materials) could take into account the sales from Eurythmics. If so, why does Eurythmics have 80 million albums sold. That is just one example. These figures will never make sense. Just too little accuracy and too many wild, opinionated guesses thrown around.
 * Delete --Woodchuck96 No validity, insane numbers, almost no accuracy - all in all, an horrid article which is a shame for Wikipédia.
 * Delete --Khalif 18:57, 20 August 2005 (UTC) inaccurate figures.
 * Strong Delete - Besides the American/Euro-centric nature of the artists mentioned, there just aren't many resources to validate the numbers. For example, I remember news of Coldplay selling in the range of 20 million records at the beginning of the year.  Just weeks before the release of X&Y, EMI give press releases claiming that the band has now sold 25+ million records.  I doubt a band can sell 5 million records (in just 6 months) globally between releases.... in other words, the labels put their own spin on the numbers whenever they need to promote an act. --Madchester 01:26, August 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, evens sales info from the RIAA is as unreliable as anything, it is not a 100% truth.
 * Keep - This holds a lot of estimates on artist sales, and the article itself says that the information is suspect. However, this page is still a reliable reference (and is probably the best reference available in the world because the sources are so varied and averaged) People still have a ned to find out whereabouts famous artists are on this list, and there is no other place on the internet where you can find results tabled like this, which regularly get updated. If you're going to delete this, you might as well burn older school atlases "Because they're unreliable", as well as delete a significant amount of wikipedia. Those areas would be places like biblical references (only one reference), theories and death tolls. Wikipedia is a place to pool all the information on the internet, so why not keep it that way? --Mahogany h00r 19:35, August 21, 2005 (GMT+12)
 * Keep There are no doubt a lot of mistakes on this list. However there will always be mistakes on these kinds of lists. Even recordlabels are often promoting artists by quoting much larger recordsales than the actual numbers to boost sales and make an image. However I think this list is as good as it gets. In adittion to " offical numbers there are also numbers for bootlegrecordings and so on. These kinds of list will never be accurate. However they give an general idea.

I have also noticed that a lot of posters only talks about US sales. This is OK, since it's the only country who has an official statistic. However it does'nt mean that there is'nt a world outside the US with 6 billion people. Just because an artists has sold 2 million in the US, does'nt mean that they haven'nt sold 40 million in the rest of the world.

It is also noted on the list that: In general there is no official organization that certifies worldwide record sales (such as the RIAA does for U.S. record sales). Thus, there are few if any reliable figures to go into this list. Fans, biographers, and record lables may overestimate sales figures for publicity purposes. Many of bestselling artists from Asia, Africa and Latin America are still not included because of the lack of data. Thus, the list cannot be considered definitive, and should be taken with a large grain of salt.

I think that is good enough warnig. If we delete this list, we might as well delete all the bio's as well. Proabably a lot of mistakes there too. Soon we wont have a lexica at all............ ( User: MNorge1978 )
 * Comment. Careful now, saying that removing this project page will also lead to the deletion of artist bios is a slippery slope argument.  Artist pages like Radiohead and Coldplay are all respectable, even with no details of total album sales. --Madchester 15:01, August 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * There is virtually no need to mention sales info in Bio's, not in Wikipedia.
 * Keep I mostly agree with the comments below (I am still laughing about the 5 billion sales proposed for Cher). However, I think it would be better to reach a consensus about what kind of estimations may or may not be used. After all there are albums made gold or diamond regularly, which means that some estimations are indeed accurate. I propose to keep the article, indicate each time what kind of source is used, and reach a consensus about which of these sources are reliable (and delete the entries that are clearly not). User: Nyco
 * Come off it, there is NO CONSENSUS that is FACT. Just because albums are "certified" for sales, doesn't make it "more reliable". Album certifications rely a lot on what the record label say. Unless someone from the certification company (I.E the RIAA) has PERSONALLY COUNTED every copy of the record, even those statistics should be taken with a pinch of salt and NOT given credit as facts. If the RIAA's figures were so accurate, their certification of sales wouldn't be such a mess, i.e Led Zeppelin suddenly going up from "50 million" to "106 million" since 1990. It's complete fabrication. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 195.93.21.1 (talk • contribs) 16:14, 21 August 2005
 * Delete It's shoddy, downright shoddy, and should not be tolerated. Agamemnon2
 * Keep I see that some people are taking this matter much too seriously. I just look at pages like this to keep me entertained. However, with the deletion of this page would result in artist page deletions, such as the Peter Gabriel. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.69.228.174 (talk • contribs) 18:36, 21 August 2005
 * How would PG's pages be deleted? Again with the slippery slope argument... The only thing that would be deleted would be a link to this project page and perhaps the sales figures on the discography section.  Otherwise, the rest of Gabriel's articles contain verifiable facts. --Madchester 18:48, August 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Most slop is slippery. Vorash did sometimes insert the sales figures he found into the individual artist articles, as well as almost always adding a See also to here, which would now become a red link (and tops on the articles desired to be created list!).   Wasted Time R 18:59, 21 August 2005 (UTC)

Keep Well, I withdraw my delete vote considering the fact that my argument was not strong enough in the first place. Secondly, I agree that since there are so many votes for Keeping it, deletion will only result in recreation of this page, never leading to its improvement. I'm sorry, but that's exactly what this article is.
 * Delete This page may be too incorrect regarding number of sales. But it has a lot more information in it in a tabular form than number of sales. I would like to have that information somewhere else (with some other topic). Otherwise, their will never be a way to correct the sales.--Anupam Srivastava 21:44, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. No international governing body?  No way of determining who has sold the most. Like for the World's tallest structures, there's actually a head honcho called the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat that has set out different categories and rules for building heights.  Without some global party overlooking sales figures, those numbers will always be contestable.--LeoTheLion 22:22, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep A page I've been looking for for ages. I quickly copied it since a unique attempt is submerged in a perfectionist debate. I see a lot of negative votes from readers who apparently overlooked the top page "Note". I propose them to channel that energy into improving the list. Personally, as long as the limitations of the list are clearly stated, and every entry is tracable through source mentions, I can make up my own mind about the degree of exactitude. --Karl1000 00:47, August 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and see if it can't be protected from vandalism, like Wikipedia's main page. Discussion of changes or updates can be made on the discussion page. Personally, I like the page, despite its (current) obvious flaws. If semi-reliable data can be found for the artists, and the page protected from vandalism and grossly inflated numbers, I see no reason why it can't stay. I'd also like to add that other countries BESIDES the US do keep tallies of record sales, contrary to what someone above stated. Versions of the RIAA exist in many (even most) non-Third World countries, and many do have searchable web-sites.--Firsfron 02:16, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete because the rankings are unverifyable. Even listings from RIAA (and others) could be challanged - and in any case, duplicating RIAA's listings could raise copyright issues. The best thing to do is write an article discussing the issue of sales rankings and give links to sites with such lists --Ezeu 08:58, 23 August 2005 (UTC) I did vote delete, but now think the article should be a keep - because there are many votes to keep. If removed, we will just have the article being constantly recreated. If they want it, let them have it. Really aint a big deal is it? Not considering all the other crap there is as Wikipedia.--Ezeu 21:15, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * No one is suggesting "duplicating RIAA's listings", and in point of fact since the List of Best-selling Music Artists is a worldwide list, that's not even an issue (RIAA only certifies the US). However, the RIAA sales data can be cited as a source, and even though their data "could be challenged", it usually isn't: these are the officially recognized bodies, after all. At some point, you have to stop believing in conspiracy theories and just go with official estimates. Deleting the entire list because you don't believe the RIAA numbers is kinda like saying "let's delete the Wikipedia articles on the U.S. Census, 'cause I know Philadelphia has more people than that!"--Firsfron 10:49, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * How tedious! Anyway, my vote remains the same. - Ezeu 13:28, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep What else would be created to fill its place? It definitely fulfills a great need as an overview page and does so as accurately as it can. 150.101.189.156 14:15, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete The fact that there's a disclaimer and lengthy cautionary note at the top of the article does not bode well for the validity of the article's contents. --207.236.66.194 19:26, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep This page should definitely be kept since it is the only list of artists with their sales figures that people have easy access to. It's not perfect by a long shot, but what is? This page should definitely be kept, and I will create a new one if it isn't. --agetoagedc 01:53, August 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * ^ If you create a new list, it probably will be deleted for the same reasons this one is being deleted.
 * ^You're wrong there, Journalist, and you should read the wikipedia deletion policy: if a page is recreated several times after deletions, then it is kept because the fact that it is recreated proves that it is of interest...
 * ^ Actually, the exact wording is "If an article is repeatedly re-created by unassociated editors after being deleted, this may be evidence of a need for an article". The policy does not say that the article is automaticall kept. Furthermore, This article conflicts with the Verifiability, No Original research, and NPOV policies. It is also reverted daily by some who are trying to maintain it and others who want to change figures to suit their fav artists. Wikipedia is about accuracy and right now this article is far from it. Journalist C.[[Image:Smilie.gif|40px]] Holla @ me
 * Delete As I said it needs to go.--Meanie 04:38, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong Keep, for two reasons: 1) The majority of people who want this article to be deleted have not put up a decent argument or good enough reason for its deletion. And 2) It is a decent list of best-selling artists that is useful in a historical context to the music industry. Most of the estimates can be researched and linked to actual sales of artists, although some are still slightly difficult to pin point it is still an article worth saving. Piecraft 22:37, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep The delete voters are taking this too seriously. It is a topic of enormously wide interest, and Wikipedia should do its best to cover it. Osomec 00:54, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment Create a new article say, Best-selling musicians in the United States, since the sales figures there are relatively  verifiable through an official source, i.e., the RIAA.  Not all countries have the luxury of such a counting system and it's a futile exercise to estimate the sales in other countries, where statistics are not so easy to come by. --Madchester 03:38, August 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * See List of best selling music artists in US.  Wasted Time R 03:41, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I think it should be redirected to that the Best-selling musicians in the United States per the site's naming conventions. :-) --Madchester 05:59, August 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Although the mentioned numbers are somewhat inaccurate for sure, they do provide a basis for comparison which is what many wish to see. I recommend that a range of numbers is provided for each artist/band instead of just one. Hamid 22:30, 25 Aug 2005 (GMT)
 * Delete* These figures are rediculous. I am the biggest Oasis, Beatles and U2 fan going, I checked the RIAA, BPI and the European equivalent and no way have these artists sold so many based on certified awards. Oasis have sold 40 million based on certified awards. U2 is 90 million. Theres no point having this page if the info is incorrect. Mediatraffic also provided accurate information which refutes the information on this page. (Previous unsigned comment by  82.37.10.44)
 * Delete* By far the worse article I have seen on Wikipedia based on the fact that none of the data is accurate and I assume that is what this community prides itself on.
 * Delete* Totally unaccurate.
 * Delete* Whoever said the RIAA usually isn't challenged is missing a point. So what if it's not usually challenged The fact remains their data is not solid fact. The RIAA flaws are easy to see in their sales fro Led Zeppelin. Since 1980, if we go by RIAA information this band, who havent had much chart action since then have somehow managed to have kept up in the sales leagues over the years with Madonna, Michael Jackson, Garth Brooks and Britney Spears, the top selling acts of their time, to keep moving back ahead of them on the all-time sellers list. I also find it funny how after Garth Brooks leaped ahead of Led Zeppelin with a after huge #1 album in 1997, Led Zeppelin suddenly sold enough records to go back up the list ahead of him. What is being suggested is we just take a "say so" figure from the "offical sources" like the RIAA just because they said so. How is that doing what this list is MEANT to do? It's not! Is that what Wikipedia is about? Not listing facts? Unless their is some magical place in America where Led Zeppelin records are selling non stop and billboard are unaware of it, then this proves that the RIAAs figures are just as much fiction as Harry Potter.
 * Keep Valuable information that is not easy to find somewhere else. With a note that it can never be completely accurate. --WS 10:56, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Some articles include a note like that, because figures are regularly changing but even they have a reliable source (say for movie box office totals from Exhibitor Relations).  There's no such reliable source to track the music sales figures as they change. --70.27.20.140 18:28, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep The arguments against this list being too narrowly Anglo- and Americocentric are specious. I note the presence of artists in the top 49 such as Nana Mouskouri, Mireille Mathieu, Alla Pugacheva, Wei Wei (韦唯), and a host of Indian artists all of whom are largely unknown in the United States and many of whom I speculate are poorly known in the UK.  Yes, the list will have its faults and inaccuracies as figures are revised, but most of the acts here are legitimately top 500 acts worldwide, and the problems with the methodology and the accuracy of the sources is clearly laid out. --Craig 20:38, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong Keep with the caveat of putting a big(er) bolded disclaimer as to the list's accuracy and scientific merits (those being none at all). There's no need to remove information like this simply because there are inaccuracies; keep it up and it will become more accurate as new information becomes known.  Just removing it is tantamount to censorship imo; most people will look on the page for entertainment purposes.  Personally I find the list of countries of origin for the bands more interesting than sales figures, and that's another reason to keep it right there.  The only real problem is deterring vandalism :/
 * Delete...also where is Connie Francis on the list? She certainly should be near the top.
 * Keep -- But... 1) Needs to be improved, not deleted. 2) Should carry an inaccuracy warning at the top. Perhaps an ongoing/current event tag would be useful as well. 3) I'm not sure that there is any other source available for this comprehensive of information, whether it is inaccurate or not. Jsymmetry 23:08, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Agree with Jsymmetry, it needs to be improved. I am sure there is a list of RIAA sales figures out there somewhere which would validate the list and the positions where they're at. Briguy52748 00:22, 1 September 2005 (UTC)]]
 * Keep I haven't seen any other place where there is a list like this, so even if it is prone to inaccuracy, it could be protected and improved over time...
 * Keep, but agree with the points stated by Jsymmetry above. Definitely needs some sort of warning that the values are for entertainment value only, and Wikipedia makes no claims as to their accuracy. BorgHunter 12:20, September 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, just because an article is a challenge to make accurate and maintain, doesn't mean we should delete it. This is useful information. the wub  "?/!"  13:16, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I expect Wikipedia to follow higher standards than letting this article slip thru. Until the numbers can be checked and verified it should be removed ASAP.--SunnyD 01:26, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Missing many Asian artists like Jacky Cheung, Anita Mui, Jay Chau and others.  I use Wikipedia as a reference for some of my school work and this article makes me question the overall validity of the site. --Rightsaidfred 01:47, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. No universal counting standards make the article's contents falliable.  What is exactly being counted in the list?  Albums only?  Singles?  Live EPs?  DVDs? Song downloads?  Each figure seems to encompass different items in its total sales. --Winning-Eleven 23:08, 3 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep.. Just make sure there are actual sources. JustifED737 15:28, 5 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Good article. Gold Stur 19:57, 5 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Very misleading in cases where people put their favorite band or artist near the top and the change goes unnoticed. Also, there's no way to confirm any of these statistics.
 * Delete. There's a lot of sources, but many of them aren't authorities on the music industry, let alone music sales.
 * Keep You have to think about the artists on this list who are represented factually, such as Amy Grant (I have done my research, she has in fact sold 26 million albums/singles/EPs). Everyone who wants this page deleted only talks about the inaccuracies on this list. But we can't forget that there is an impressive majority on this list whose entries are very accurate. I think this page should definitely, without a doubt be kept. --69.19.170.122 03:21, 6 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Although i cannot argue with the facts (and at least I'm happy Beatles are on top) some of my favorite bands are far too far down, and I dont want to think of them that way Thethinredline
 * Strong Delete The list is highly inaccurate
 * AbstainThis article should be kept if various parts can be verified. It should be locked and kept as a place where people can compare different artists. If it cannot be locked when at a higher standard then the only use of it is as a list of Music artists and bands.Cokehabit 11:40, 7 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete highly inaccurate and alot of people just fake statistic in favor of the bands they like.
 * Strong Delete Biased and unaccurate. What are the reasons why it should be kept anyway? Wikipedia's supposed to be an encyclopedia. EN-CY-CLO-PE-DIA. No a 'blog' where everyone can put his own personal sh*t.
 * Delete Cliff Richards outselling the Stones?  Bad data is worse than no data. Frank from Ottawa 69.196.171.182 02:53, 10 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete I agree. mrholybrain 17:37, September 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep it can become accurate, and will be useful info. .:: Imdaking ::.  Tlk 04:21:00, 2005-09-11 (UTC)
 * Delete if the data being displayed are not footnoted, somewhat verifiable, and considered at least somewhat reliable. It's a shame. It would be better (perhaps) to have a link to other sources for similar information, whether RIAA listings or at least record labels' publicly announced tallies (for information only). hadley 17:11, 11 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. This is a useless list full of inaccurate information—I actually had high hopes for this article in the beginning. Well it looks like those hopes were shattered, because this has become the worst article on Wikipedia. I mean, who really cares whether Kylie Minogue sold sixty million albums or sixty million singles, or if the Spice Girls have sold over twenty-three million copies of their debut album? The information is useful—very useful—but not for this article. These "stats" should be sent to the individual articles. Now please delete this article. It is just truly horrendous. Winnermario 23:59, September 11, 2005 (UTC)
 *  Keep . There should be room for a list like this.--Jerryseinfeld 17:27, 12 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete.Until there's some universal counting standard in place, there's no possible way of ensuring the validity of this list. It's open to A LOT of doubt at the moment.--129.97.58.55 22:04, 12 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, but with regret. In theory it's a very useful article, but would only be so if the figures could be trusted. And each and every one of them could well be wide of the mark. --HighHopes (T)⋅ [ (+)] ⋅(C)⋅(E) 17:27, 23 September 2005 (UTC)

Renomination for Deletion
DELETE

Why? Because all of these people who wanted to salvage this list, have had since this voting started to do it. The quality of the article continues to degrade, and if you look at it now it looks really bad, the numbers are even more fudgeded, and its just a plain mess. User:Meanie

 * Strong Delete Incase this is still going, it should be gone, its a horrible list. The Fascist Chicken 03:22, 17 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep I've been using guide what I might want to buy/download. Now I see people want to delete it?! If its inaccurate or cannot be verified say so, but it has served a useful purpose for me at least. Gtoomey 13:42, 17 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, keep, keep Yes, it's inaccurate, and very, very interesting. Must-keep. +H+ 23. Sept. 05
 * Keep in perpetual VFD status This way everyone who works on it, will never know if the whole thing will be wiped out the next minute.  Appropriate.   Wasted Time R 13:24, 23 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete I'm sorry that I first stumbled across this article while the "vote for deletion" tag was removed; in retrospect it appears that I wasted my time trying to fix formatting & sorting errors.  Unlike several other voters, the fact that the list is based on estimates doesn't bother me.  But in just a few days of observation it's become apparent that this article has become a soapbox for those wishing to promote their favorite artists, and that it can never be protected from vandalism.  Engineer Bob 07:43, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Just because an article is prone to vandalism and inaccurate edits does not mean it should be deleted. Should we delete George W. Bush? His page is vandalized quite often. The Current Events page gets all sorts of inaccurate edits. Should we get rid of it? Wikipedia is a collaborative community, and it has its positives and its negatives. When we see a negative, we should try to make it positive instead of just smashing it.--Fermatprime 02:28, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete No way of verifying data KrisW6 08:12, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: impossible to verify, constantly being falsified by fanboys without anyone adequately fixing it. --Jacj 17:02, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. As for those who say this article is unverifiable, then about half of wikipedia should also be deleted for also being unverifiable. This article has been nominated for deletion several times and as survived them. Also, I wouldn't be surprised if the vandalism was being executed by people who want this article deleted.--Fallout boy 04:16, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. We should fix the list so that's accurate, and protect it from vandalism. --ApolloBoy 05:33, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I do consider it useful even though it's not completely accurate. Deleteme42 13:44, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. As long as the disclaimers are kept on top, it is a useful starting place. Ellen Whyte
 * Delete There's no reason to keep this on here if none of it can be proven in any way.  Maybe an unnumbered list of artists who may be amongst the best selling, but this?  No.  Plus, it looks very shoddy and unprofessional.
 * Delete. I've seen more accurate lists before, and some of these listings seem like fallacies.
 * This afd nomination was orphaned. Listing now.  No opinion on the article, but whoever tries to sort this out has my deepest sympathies. —Cryptic (talk) 15:44, 18 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The state of this page is a good indicator of the state of the article!  Wasted Time R 15:49, 18 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong Delete and first let me echo Cryptic and offer sympathies to the admin who has to sort out this mess. The intro states This is a non-definitive list of best selling recording artists, embracing worldwide singles and album sales. The factual accuracy of this article is disputed as there is no worldwide list of music sales.  So, what are we debating here?  As far as I can determine there is no neutral body that compiles this information.  Right off the bat, this article fails WP:V and WP:NOR.  How can you verify any claim that is made in this article if there is no repository if this information to compare claims against?  I could edit this article and add Ween to the list with 300 million worldwide record sales.  The only way you could factually dispute would be to comb the internet for their sales in each country, add them all together, and post your results, thus violating WP:NOR.  Beyond that, all "hard number" information will likely be culled from fan sites (either artist run or 3rd party) and thus has inherent POV problems.  In my opinion, there is absolutely no encyclopedic value in an article that is not based on factual information. On a side note, did the original AfD ever conclude?  If so, would it be possible to archive the previous AfD so we are not looking at a ton of votes on a finished AfD?--Isotope23 17:26, 18 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. GOOD GOD WOULD YOU ANONYMOUS VOTERS SHUT THE HELL UP? There. Now that I've had a cathartic scream, while there is no definite measure of artist sales it is possible to cite various passable lists that are out there and get a general idea of who the best-selling artists are, with citation of who thinks who is where. It's a valid topic. Lord Bob 17:42, 18 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and delete somewhat. Molotov (talk) [[Image:Flag of California.svg|25px]]  19:36, 18 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong delete per Isotope23. -- howcheng  [ talk • contribs • web ] 22:41, 18 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep as notable list of artists. Alternatively, the RIAA list should be used for a List of best-selling music artists. If other certifying countries had similar lists this could be a disambiguation page. Capitalistroadster 00:24, 19 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep per above.  Grue  16:31, 19 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Unverifiable, unmaintainable, of no encyclopedic value. MCB 21:01, 19 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong Keep- It is useful and after the grain of salt warning, fair to be used or not used as reference. It will continure to be tweaked.  No harm done.   TheSource  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.32.210.192 (talk • contribs) 04:08, 20 October 2005
 * Keep, just because it may not be accurate doesn't mean it should be deleted... Catz 02:43, 21 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong Delete per Isotope23. Xoloz 03:58, 21 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete because only in the US and the UK the charting numbers are exact, so this is impossible... igordebraga ≠ 17:30, 22 October 2005 (UTC)
 * [apparently] Keep. Im sorry I deleted everybodies responses about this topic but simply put, your bickering like a bunch of kids. Most of what you people say is not justified. Face it some of you are bias towards the topic [as stupid as that may sound] . Although I do admit that the "list" isnt 100% correct, but atleast there are links to web pages to where the author got this information. But my point is instead of bickering over the topic and wasting time we join together to recreate the page to make it a more accurate worldwide best sellers list that we all agree on and provide factuale evident to prove each response . After all this is wikipedia where were in control of the development of topics on this site. -- 18:29, 23 October 2005 70.128.143.78 [placed here instead of in blankout]
 * Keep but update a little, wolfetones for example in ireland have been around for around 40 years abd have definitely sold enough albums to amke the list — Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.232.33.77 (talk • contribs) 22:11, 24 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete due to fundamental unverifiability. In the absence of a clean central source for data, I don't see how this could ever conform to a reasonable standard of quality.  -Colin Kimbrell 14:12, 25 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Fuck Off (art exhibition)

Fuck Off was a contemporary art exhibition which ran alongside the Third Shanghai Biennale (2000) in Shanghai, China. The exhibition's title translates as "Uncooperative Attitude" in Chinese, but the blunter English language sentiment was deemed preferable. The exhibition encompassed conceptual, performance, and protest art.

Overview
The exhibition was held in an Eastlink Gallery warehouse by Feng Boyi and the 43-year-old Ai Weiwei, and is revered by many young Chinese artists. Ai encapsulated Fuck Off 's artistic-curatorial attitude with one set of photos in which he gives the finger in turn to the White House, the Forbidden City, and the viewer, and another in which he drops an ancient Han Dynasty Chinese vase, which smashes at his feet. Coinciding with the Shanghai Biennale, the opening of the exhibition embodied an uncooperative attitude towards the establishment, as summed up in the closing line of the exhibition catalogue: "Perhaps there is nothing that exists 'on-site,' but what will last forever is the very uncooperativeness with any system of power discourse."

The exhibition included works by 48 avant-garde artists, many of whom exhibited provocative and controversial works. Among them was He Yunchang, who posed in a color photograph bare-chested while suspended from a crane by his ankles over a rushing river, into which he holds a knife—the same knife he later used to cut his own arm. Sun Yuan exhibited Solitary Animal, a glass case containing an animal skeleton and—purportedly—enough poison gas to wipe out the show's entire audience. Wang Chuyu's performance consisted of a four-day fast. Zhu Ming floated down the Huangpu River in a plastic bubble wearing a diaper. The most controversial work was probably Eating People by Zhu Yu, which was eventually not displayed in the show. It consisted of a series of photographs of him cooking and eating what is alleged to be a human fetus. One picture, circulated on the internet via e-mail in 2001, provoked investigations by both the FBI and Scotland Yard. The piece's cannibalistic theme was controversial in Britain when Zhu's work was featured on a Channel 4 documentary exploring Chinese modern art in 2003. In response to the public reaction, Zhu Yu stated, "No religion forbids cannibalism. Nor can I find any law which prevents us from eating people. I took advantage of the space between morality and the law and based my work on it". Zhu has claimed that he used an actual fetus that was stolen from a medical school.

The exhibition ran for ten days from 4 to 14 November, 2000. After the opening, the Cultural Inspection Bureau raided the exhibition and removed works considered inappropriate. Later on, they demanded the exhibition to close for being inappropriate, prior to its scheduled closing date. The police confiscated all remaining catalogs for not having the publication permit.

In an interview by Chin-Chin Yap, Ai Weiwei was asked if the actual exhibit of Fuck Off had a concept similar to the Black, White, and Gray Cover Books he published. He went on to say that after the books were finished, there were a lot of interesting art happening, and the people in his life continually recommended creating an exhibit with a theme similar to that of the books. His opinion was not that the show was really good because it was organized so quickly, and he knew that there was a possibility that it could be shut down by the police and having all of the works confiscated. Luckily, he said that the artists involved were "cooperative and interested and the attitude was there." In a very eye-opening statement, Ai goes on to say that, "maybe Fuck Off was most important because of what it represented." Those involved had clear ideas about the message they wanted to send to Chinese institutions and Western curators, institutions, and dealers: "We had to say something as individual artists to the outside world, and what we said was 'fuck off'."

Many influential artists in the contemporary Chinese art scene took part, many of whom have since been included in international exhibitions, catalogs, and television documentaries.

A catalog of the exhibition has been published, a black book with the simple title FUCK OFF on its cover.

Feng Boyi on Fuck Off
Co-curator Feng Boyi felt as though Chinese artists were just working for foreigners because the early Chinese contemporary art shows were being held in foreign countries. In co-curating the exhibition, Feng said, "We wanted to show the 'fuck off' style, not working for the government or in the style of western countries, but a third way."

Co-curators
Description by Ai Weiwei and Feng Boyi in October, 2000:

Fuck Off is an event that is participated by both the organizers and artists. In today's art, the alternative is playing the role of revising and criticizing the power discourse and mass convention. In an uncooperative and uncompromisable way, it self-consciously resists the threat of assimilation and vulgarization. A cultural attitude that stands against the power and makes no compromise with vulgarization is, together with independent individual experiences, feelings and creations, is what extends the pursuit and desire of art for spiritual freedom – an everlasting theme. Such a cultural attitude is obviously exclusive and alienated. It aims at dealing with such themes as cultural power, art institution, art trends, communications between the East and West, exoticism, post-modernism and post-colonialism, etc.

Fuck Off emphasizes the independent and critical stance that is basic to art existence, and its status of independence, freedom and plurality in the situation of contradictions and conflicts. It tries to provoke artist's responsibility and self-discipline, search for the way in which art lives as "wildlife", and raise questions about some issues of contemporary Chinese art.

Allegory, directing questioning, resistance, alienation, dissolution, endurance, boredom, bias, absurdity, cynicism and self-entertainment are aspects of culture as well as features of existence. Such issues are re-presented here by the artists with unprecedented frankness and intelligence, which leaves behind fresh and stimulating information and traces of existence.

In this exhibition, participants and their works are not objects of choice, identification and judgment. They have no quest for any kind of excuse. Group identification and inner difference are both so fully respected and encouraged that it may be doubted if there is the necessity for the presence of audience.

An on-site ambiguity and uncertainty forces one to seek meaning and satisfaction only in the form of proliferation and postpone. Perhaps there is nothing that exists 'on-site', but what will last forever is the very uncooperativeness with any system of power discourse."

Notable works
Accidental Dropping

Ai Weiwei was concerned with Chinese history as a whole and the fact that people were not properly learning about it or preserving it. By dropping a near-priceless artifact, Ai was essentially asking if the Chinese people really care about their own history, taking something valuable and reducing it to shards.

Golden Sunlight (Performance)

He Yunchang is known to push the limits in his performance art. His goal is to "seek enduring and fearless confrontation with reality and a poetic expression for this."

Chinese Landscape: Tattoo No. 2

Huang Yan sees landscape paintings as a way of expressing himself. His landscape scenes are painted on his body, on pork, and even on cow bones.

Mouse

Jin Le experiments with a wide variety of materials in order to demonstrate what he thinks that people and animals would look like if scientists succeeded in combining them into one form.

Peace series No. 19

Liang Yue uses Photoshop as his main form of expression. He attempts to Photoshop a variety of ads onto photos he takes and then post them absolutely everywhere in an attempt to require people to see them.

Paradise Lost No. 17

Meng Huang was born in Beijing, and says, "I grew up, knowing nothing. Now I live in Beijing and find that works of art stars are very much westernized." His works seem to be reminiscent of an almost unattainable land that was once a paradise, but is now sad and downtrodden.

Stamping on Water

Song Dong notes, "I find more pleasure in doing 'art' as a matter because of the openness of artistic language. As I understand it, the time is over when artistic styles are defined by medium, method and paradigm. When I make use of these, the only thing that I have in mind is whether they fit my ideas." His work seems to show a lot of disparity in life and the fact that humans are a lot less important to the world around them.

Skin Graft

Zhu Yu is a very outspoken artist who uses his work to make a statement. His work is aimed at making people think about the world around them. He says that "We're not very afraid that we are not thinking what others are thinking since such an issue is taken care of by our spirit. What we are afraid of is that people are thinking what they are not supposed to think. So we need to re-think over what people initially take to be right, and abstract out everything that has nothing to do with reality."

List of artists exhibited
Ai Wei Wei, Cao Fei, Chen Lingyang, Chen Shaoxiong, Chen Yunquan, Ding Yi, Feng Weidong, Gu Dexin, He An, He Yunchang, Huang Lei, Huang Yan, Jin Lei, Li Wen, Li Zhiwang, Liang Yue, Lin Yilin, Lu Chunsheng, Lu Qing, Meng Huang, Peng Yu, Peng Donghui, Qin Ga, Rong Rong, Song Dong, Sun Yuan, Wang Bing, Wang Yin, Wang Chuyu, Wang Xingwei, Wu Ershan, Xiao Yu, Xu Tan, Xu Zhen, Yang Yong, Yang Fudong, Yang Maoyuan, Yang Zhenzhong, Yang Zhichao, Zhang Dali, Zhang Shengquan, Zheng Guogu, Zhu Ming, and Zhu Yu. Chen Hao, Zheng Jishun, and Song Tao exhibited a video documenting their walk through the city while blood leaked from plastic tubes inserted into their veins.

title: Fuck Off (art exhibition)


text:
Esther Wong

Esther Wong (August 13, 1917 – August 14, 2005) was a Chinese-American music promoter, called the "Godmother of Punk" in Los Angeles, California.

Life
Esther Wong was born in Shanghai in 1917. Her father had been an automobile importer, and she had been well-educated and well-traveled before emigrating to the United States in 1949 to escape the Communist takeover of China. She worked as a clerk for a shipping company for 20 years before opening Madame Wong's (黃家園), a Los Angeles Chinatown restaurant with a floorshow—originally at 949 Sun Mun Way, located in the original 1938 Rice Bowl restaurant.

After fierce initial resistance, she became a punk rock and new wave music promoter. Polynesian dance acts weren't attracting customers, yet when Paul Greenstein, a Los Angeles "bum vivant," first approached her husband George about booking bands, she declined. Greenstein's persistence, and the fact that he had already given the nearby "Atomic Cafe" a new lease on life (cross-pollination between owners' children worked the magic), caused her to agree to a trial run in the fall of 1978. The first show included The Alley Cats and The Zeros. Initially, under Greenstein, a showcase for unsigned, unbookable punk-bands, Madame Wong's was one of the few places such bands could perform. With the exit of Greenstein, Madame Wong's morphed into a power-pop palace with bookings more influenced by a now-interested Wong. Notable bands that she showcased included Los Lobos, The Knack, The Police, The Motels, The Members, Fishbone, The Go-Go's, X, The Alley Cats, The Bangs, Oingo Boingo, Los Illegals, Candy, Guns N' Roses, Black Flag, Daniel Amos, Fear, Red Hot Chili Peppers, and the Ramones. Eventually, this led to her nickname, the "Godmother of Punk."

She closed the original "Madame Wong's" after a fire in 1985. She opened another venture, "Madame Wong's West" at 2900 Wilshire in Santa Monica, California in 1978 and it had a successful run before it closed in 1991.

The original "Madame Wong's" unofficially reopened for a brief period in 2009/2010, when Ben Kramer, Stuart Friedel, and Rob Cudd, who were living in an apartment that now occupies the premises, hosted concerts in their living room, using the name Madame Wong's in homage to the original venue. Acts that year included Devendra Banhart, Vampire Weekend's secret 2009 Halloween show, The Answering Machine, Wavves, Smith Westerns, Jounce, Pearl Harbor and the Explosions, Backbiter, Salvador Santana, The Growlers, Harlem, and others.

Esther Wong died from emphysema and lung cancer on August 14, 2005, in Los Angeles, only a day after her 88th birthday. She was survived by her second husband, Harry Wong, two children, Frank Wong and Melinda Braun, six grandchildren, and four great-grandchildren.

title: Esther Wong


text:
User talk:Cglue

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title: User talk:Cglue


text:
User:Kevinuni~enwiki

Just a friend of mine

title: User:Kevinuni~enwiki


text: User:Alex V

title: User:Alex V


text:
Alma Evans-Freke

Alma Rae Evans-Freke (née Johnson; 30 October 1931 – 15 September 2017 ) was a New Zealand television personality, actor, producer, teacher and adjudicator of speech and drama and public speaking. She was the first female TV presenter in New Zealand.

She first joined broadcasting in the late 1940s at Dunedin's 4ZB as a trainee copywriter. A few years later she took up a government bursary to study drama in London. This was followed by professional theatre and teaching. In 1960 she rejoined broadcasting and was transferred to Auckland. She became New Zealand's first female television presenter, then known as a continuity announcer, on Auckland channel AKTV2 in 1961.

AKTV2 had been launched in June 1960, initially broadcasting for three hours a night, three nights a week. She began her appearance from August. She worked alongside fellow presenter, former Royal Air Force pilot Tim Evans-Freke, whom she later married.

In an interview with the New Zealand Listener in 2010, marking 50 years of television in New Zealand, she recalled those days in typically understated fashion: "Did being on television, in people's living rooms each night, make you famous? 'No, not at all. Television announcing to me was never more than just a job. We were public servants and it never occurred to any of us at the time to think of ourselves as personalities or, heaven forbid, stars.' Those early television newsreaders sounded as if they had just come out of a BBC finishing school. Was that how you were asked to talk? 'Everything was live back then so nothing was recorded. So I am pretty thankful there were no recordings kept because we would have sounded rather too precious. We were told to speak rather nicely. I think probably we were a bit stiff.'"

In 2000, in a television special commemorating 40 years of television in New Zealand, she recalled the first commercial spots from 1961, that went something like "the time is eight o'clock. Time for a banana."

She was a highly qualified and highly respected member of New Zealand’s speech and drama community, with an extensive teaching career both in secondary schools and privately. With over 60 years’ teaching experience, she was for many years an Examiner for the New Zealand Speech Board, and adjudicated at competition festivals throughout the country.

title: Alma Evans-Freke


text:
User talk:Mokgand

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If you have any questions, feel free to ask me on my talk page. Thanks and happy editing, Alphax τεχ 05:06, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

Cycle chic links
Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute constructively to the encyclopedia, one or more of the external links you added do not comply with our guidelines for external links and have been removed. Wikipedia is not a collection of links; nor should it be used for advertising or promotion. Since Wikipedia uses nofollow tags, external links do not alter search engine rankings. If you feel the link should be added to the article, please discuss it on the before reinserting it. Please take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. Veinor (talk to me) 19:36, 21 April 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mokgand