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Ferrovanadium

Ferrovanadium (FeV) is an alloy formed by combining iron and vanadium with a vanadium content range of 35–85%. The production of this alloy results in a grayish silver crystalline solid that can be crushed into a powder called "ferrovanadium dust". Ferrovanadium is a universal hardener, strengthener and anti-corrosive additive for steels like high-strength low-alloy steel, tool steels, as well as other ferrous-based products. It has significant advantages over both iron and vanadium individually. Ferrovanadium is used as an additive to improve the qualities of ferrous alloys. One such use is to improve corrosion resistance to alkaline reagents as well as sulfuric and hydrochloric acids. It is also used to improve the tensile strength to weight ratio of the material. One application of such steels is in the chemical processing industry for high pressure high throughput fluid handling systems dealing with industrial scale sulfuric acid production. It is also commonly used for hand tools e.g. spanners (wrenches), screwdrivers, ratchets, etc.

Composition
Vanadium content in ferrovanadium ranges from 35% to 85%. FeV80 (80% Vanadium) is the most common ferrovanadium composition. In addition to iron and vanadium, small amounts of silicon, aluminum, carbon, sulfur, phosphorus, arsenic, copper, and manganese are found in ferrovanadium. Impurities can make up to 11% by weight of the alloy. Concentrations of these impurities determine the grade of ferrovanadium.

Synthesis
Eighty-five percent of all vanadium extracted from the Earth is used to create alloys such as ferrovanadium. There are two common ways in which ferrovanadium is produced: silicon reduction and aluminum reduction.

Reduction by silicon
Vanadium pentoxide (V2O5), ferrosilicon (FeSi75), lime (CaO) and slag (recycled vanadium containing waste) and are combined in an electric arc furnace heated to 1850 °C. Silicon in the ferrosilicon reduces the vanadium in V2O5 to vanadium metal. The vanadium then interacts with the iron to form ferrovanadium. Excess lime and V2O5 are added to use up the silicon and refine the metal. This process produces vanadium concentrations between thirty-five and sixty percent.

2 V2O5 + 5 (Fey/5Si)alloy + 10 CaO → 4 (Fey/4V)alloy + 5 Ca2SiO4

Reduction by Aluminum
Iron, V2O5, aluminum, and lime are combined in an electric arc furnace. Like the silicon, aluminum reduces the vanadium in V2O5 to vanadium metal. The vanadium metal dissolves into the iron and forms the ferrovanadium alloy. The resulting ferrovanadium has a vanadium concentration between seventy and eighty-five percent.

3 V2O5 + 10 Al → 6 V + 5 Al2O3

Vx + Fe1−x → (Fe1−xVx)alloy

Toxicology
Ferrovanadium dust is a mild irritant that affects the eyes when touched by contaminated skin and the respiratory tract when inhaled. The dust caused chronic bronchitis and pneumonitis in animals exposed to high concentration (1000–2000 mg/m3) at intervals for two months. However, no such long-term effects have been observed in humans.

Occupational exposure
The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) states that an employee who is working eight hours a day, five days a week, can be exposed to ferrovanadium dust in their place of work at concentrations of up to 1.0 mg/m3 without adverse effects. Short-term exposures should be kept below 3.0 mg/m3. It is suggested that those working with high concentrations of ferrovanadium dust wear a respirator to prevent inhalation and irritation of the respiratory tract.

Steel
The most common use of ferrovanadium is in the production of steel. In 2017, 94% of consumption of vanadium in the USA was to produce iron and steel alloys. Ferrovanadium and other vanadium alloys are used in carbon steel, alloy steel high strength steel, and HSLA (High Strength Low Alloy) steel. These steels are then used to make automotive parts, pipes, tools, and more.

The addition of ferrovanadium toughens the steel making it more resistant to temperature and torsion. This increase in strength is a result of the formation of vanadium carbides which have a rigid crystal structure as well as a finer grain size which decreases the ductility of the steel. In addition to adding to the composition of the steel, ferrovanadium can also be used as a coating on the steel. When coated with nitrated ferrovanadium, the abrasion resistance of steel increases 30-50%.

Market
Between 2013 and 2017, the United States imported 13,510 tons of ferrovanadium, a majority of which came from Czechia, Austria, Canada, and South Korea. The price of ferrovanadium has fluctuated dramatically since 1996, hitting an all-time high in 2008 at $76041.61/ton FeV80. In more recent years, it has once again seen an increase in price as environmental standards shut down some of the vanadium producers in China. These shutdowns, as well as the closure of a South African vanadium mine, created a vanadium shortage, forcing ferrovanadium factories to reduce their production of ferrovanadium, decreasing its supply and driving up the price.

title: Ferrovanadium


text:
Dick MacPherson

Richard F. MacPherson (November 4, 1930 – August 8, 2017) was an American football coach. He served as the head coach at the University of Massachusetts Amherst from 1971 to 1977 and at Syracuse University from 1981 to 1990, compiling a career college football record of 111–73–5. He served as a National Football League (NFL) head coach for the New England Patriots from 1991 to 1992, tallying a mark of 8–24. "Coach Mac" was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 2009.

Early life
MacPherson was born on Nov. 4, 1930, in Old Town, Maine, the second youngest of 12 children. At Old Town High School, he played high school football, basketball and baseball and graduated in 1948. He enrolled at Maine Maritime Academy and then served in the U.S. Air Force from 1950 to 1954 during the Korean War.

MacPherson returned to school at Springfield College (Mass.), where he earned his bachelor's degree in 1958. He was a center and linebacker on the football team, a member of the Chiefs’ undefeated 1956 squad and served as team captain as a senior. It was at Springfield that he met his future wife, the former Sandra Jean Moffitt, when both were sophomores. His alma mater awarded him with induction into the Springfield College Athletic Hall of Fame in 1988, and he earned entry into the State of Maine Sports Hall of Fame in 1985.

Coaching career
MacPherson's first coaching stop was at University of Illinois where he was a graduate assistant coach with the freshman team while working on his master's degree. He moved on to University of Massachusetts as freshman coach for two years and then took an assistant's post at University of Cincinnati under Coach Chuck Studley.

Lou Saban hired MacPherson at University of Maryland in 1966 and then, when the Denver Broncos selected Saban as head coach, he brought MacPherson with him to coach defense.

Named head coach at UMass in 1971, MacPherson led the Minutemen to four Yankee Conference titles in seven years. During that span, he twice claimed New England Football Coach of the Year honors. His 45 victories at Massachusetts rank him third all-time in school history, and his 28-8-1 mark in Yankee Conference games notches a .778 winning percentage, which places him fifth in league history. The first UMass coach to win eight or more games in three different seasons, his nine-win campaign in 1972 tied the school record for single- season victories first set in 1901.

He returned to the NFL as an assistant coach on the staff of Sam Rutigliano with the Cleveland Browns from 1978 to 1980.

Syracuse University
MacPherson was hired as the 25th head coach at Syracuse University by then-athletics director Jake Crouthamel. Syracuse had made just one bowl appearance in the previous 14 years when Crouthamel turned to MacPherson, who he had worked against while the head coach at Dartmouth.

MacPherson's record at Syracuse was 66–46–4 and included an undefeated season in 1987, when his team finished 11–0–1 and tied Auburn in the 1988 Sugar Bowl. After the 1990 season he left Syracuse to become head coach of the New England Patriots and was replaced by assistant Paul Pasqualoni. MacPherson coached the New England Patriots from 1991 to 1992 and finished 5th in Coach of the Year voting in 1991, turning around a team that went 1–15 in 1990 and leading them to a 6–10 record in his first season. However, in his second season the team started four different quarterbacks and went 2–14. MacPherson was subsequently fired at the end of the season.

During his tenure at Syracuse, MacPherson put together some of the most talented coaching staffs in the country. He employed and mentored future college head coaches Gary Blackney (Bowling Green), Randy Edsall (Connecticut, Maryland), Jim Hofher (Cornell, Buffalo), Bill Maxwell (Hobart), George O’Leary (Georgia Tech, Central Florida), Paul Pasqualoni (Syracuse, Connecticut) and Hall of Famer Jim Tressel (Youngstown State, Ohio State).

MacPherson coached two Hall of Famers at Syracuse: defensive tackle Tim Green (1982–85) and quarterback Don McPherson (1983–87). He also coached two NFF National Scholar-Athletes: Anthony Romano in 1983 and Green in 1985.

Later life
Following his retirement from coaching, MacPherson moved to the broadcast booth, working for BIG EAST TV. He was also a radio analyst for Syracuse football games, first on game-day coverage for local station WSYR and later as part of the program's official radio network. He teamed with Dave Pasch, the voice of the Arizona Cardinals and college football and basketball on ESPN, as well as current Voice of the Orange Matt Park.

He was honored as the Grand Marshal at the 28th Annual Syracuse St. Patrick's Parade in 2010.

MacPherson died surrounded by his family at the Crouse Hospital in Syracuse, New York, on August 8, 2017, at the age of 86.

At the time of his death, he was survived by his wife, Sandra, his daughters, Maureen MacPherson and Janet Sweeney, son-in-law Greg Sweeney, and four grandchildren (Macky MacPherson, Cameron MacPherson, Suzy MacPherson and Molly Sweeney). His grandsons, Macky and Cameron, were both semifinalists for the NFF William V. Campbell Trophy while playing football at Syracuse, and Macky was a graduate assistant coach with the Orange.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Dick MacPherson


text:
Talk:Henry Ellis

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Untitled
There's a Sir Henry Ellis, apparently 1777-1855, who traveled as an ambassador to China. This is probably not the same person as the librarian, but I don't know enough about either of them. The ambassador was presumably the one named as Privy Counsellor. David Brooks 16:17, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Henry Ellis


text: Category:Sri Lankan novelists

title: Category:Sri Lankan novelists


text:
Two-element Boolean algebra

In mathematics and abstract algebra, the two-element Boolean algebra is the Boolean algebra whose underlying set (or universe or carrier) B is the Boolean domain. The elements of the Boolean domain are 1 and 0 by convention, so that B = {0, 1}. Paul Halmos's name for this algebra "2" has some following in the literature, and will be employed here.

Definition
B is a partially ordered set and the elements of B are also its bounds.

An operation of arity n is a mapping from Bn to B. Boolean algebra consists of two binary operations and unary complementation. The binary operations have been named and notated in various ways. Here they are called 'sum' and 'product', and notated by infix '+' and '∙', respectively. Sum and product commute and associate, as in the usual algebra of real numbers. As for the order of operations, brackets are decisive if present. Otherwise '∙' precedes '+'. Hence $A ∙ B + C$ is parsed as $(A ∙ B) + C$ and not as $A ∙ (B + C)$. Complementation is denoted by writing an overbar over its argument. The numerical analog of the complement of $X$ is $1 − X$. In the language of universal algebra, a Boolean algebra is a $$\langle B,+,$$∙$$,\overline{..},1,0\rangle$$ algebra of type $$\langle 2,2,1,0,0\rangle$$.

Either one-to-one correspondence between {0,1} and {True,False} yields classical bivalent logic in equational form, with complementation read as NOT. If 1 is read as True, '+' is read as OR, and '∙' as AND, and vice versa if 1 is read as False. These two operations define a commutative semiring, known as the Boolean semiring.

Some basic identities
2 can be seen as grounded in the following trivial "Boolean" arithmetic:

\begin{align} &1 + 1 = 1 + 0 = 0 + 1 = 1 \\ &0 + 0 = 0 \\ &0\cdot0 = 0\cdot1 = 1\cdot0 = 0 \\ &1\cdot1 = 1 \\ &\overline{1} = 0 \\ &\overline{0} = 1 \end{align} $$

Note that: This Boolean arithmetic suffices to verify any equation of 2, including the axioms, by examining every possible assignment of 0s and 1s to each variable (see decision procedure).
 * '+' and '∙' work exactly as in numerical arithmetic, except that 1+1=1. '+' and '∙' are derived by analogy from numerical arithmetic; simply set any nonzero number to 1.
 * Swapping 0 and 1, and '+' and '∙' preserves truth; this is the essence of the duality pervading all Boolean algebras.

The following equations may now be verified:

\begin{align} &A + A = A \\ &A \cdot A = A \\ &A + 0 = A \\ &A + 1 = 1 \\ &A \cdot 0 = 0 \\ &\overline{\overline{A}} = A \end{align} $$

Each of '+' and '∙' distributes over the other: That '∙' distributes over '+' agrees with elementary algebra, but not '+' over '∙'. For this and other reasons, a sum of products (leading to a NAND synthesis) is more commonly employed than a product of sums (leading to a NOR synthesis).
 * $$\ A \cdot (B+C) = A \cdot B + A \cdot C;$$
 * $$\ A+(B \cdot C) = (A+B) \cdot (A+C).$$

Each of '+' and '∙' can be defined in terms of the other and complementation: We only need one binary operation, and concatenation suffices to denote it. Hence concatenation and overbar suffice to notate 2. This notation is also that of Quine's Boolean term schemata. Letting (X) denote the complement of X and "" denote either 0 or 1 yields the syntax of the primary algebra of G. Spencer-Brown's Laws of Form.
 * $$A \cdot B=\overline{\overline{A}+\overline{B}}$$
 * $$A+B=\overline{\overline{A} \cdot \overline{B}}.$$

A basis for 2 is a set of equations, called axioms, from which all of the above equations (and more) can be derived. There are many known bases for all Boolean algebras and hence for 2. An elegant basis notated using only concatenation and overbar is:
 * 1) $$\ ABC = BCA$$ (Concatenation commutes, associates)
 * 2) $$\overline{A}A = 1$$ (2 is a complemented lattice, with an upper bound of 1)
 * 3) $$\ A0 = A$$ (0 is the lower bound).
 * 4) $$A\overline{AB} = A\overline{B}$$ (2 is a distributive lattice)

Where concatenation = OR, 1 = true, and 0 = false, or concatenation = AND, 1 = false, and 0 = true. (overbar is negation in both cases.)

If 0=1, (1)-(3) are the axioms for an abelian group.

(1) only serves to prove that concatenation commutes and associates. First assume that (1) associates from either the left or the right, then prove commutativity. Then prove association from the other direction. Associativity is simply association from the left and right combined.

This basis makes for an easy approach to proof, called "calculation" in Laws of Form, that proceeds by simplifying expressions to 0 or 1, by invoking axioms (2)–(4), and the elementary identities $$AA=A, \overline{\overline{A}}=A, 1+A = 1$$, and the distributive law.

Metatheory
De Morgan's theorem states that if one does the following, in the given order, to any Boolean function: the result is logically equivalent to what you started with. Repeated application of De Morgan's theorem to parts of a function can be used to drive all complements down to the individual variables.
 * Complement every variable;
 * Swap '+' and '∙' operators (taking care to add brackets to ensure the order of operations remains the same);
 * Complement the result,

A powerful and nontrivial metatheorem states that any identity of 2 holds for all Boolean algebras. Conversely, an identity that holds for an arbitrary nontrivial Boolean algebra also holds in 2. Hence all identities of Boolean algebra are captured by 2. This theorem is useful because any equation in 2 can be verified by a decision procedure. Logicians refer to this fact as "2 is decidable". All known decision procedures require a number of steps that is an exponential function of the number of variables N appearing in the equation to be verified. Whether there exists a decision procedure whose steps are a polynomial function of N falls under the P = NP conjecture.

The above metatheorem does not hold if we consider the validity of more general first-order logic formulas instead of only atomic positive equalities. As an example consider the formula $(x = 0) ∨ (x = 1)$. This formula is always true in a two-element Boolean algebra. In a four-element Boolean algebra whose domain is the powerset of $\{0,1\}$, this formula corresponds to the statement $(x = ∅) ∨ (x = \{0,1\})$ and is false when x is $\{1\}$. The decidability for the first-order theory of many classes of Boolean algebras can still be shown, using quantifier elimination or small model property (with the domain size computed as a function of the formula and generally larger than 2).

title: Two-element Boolean algebra


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Disney's Saratoga Springs Resort & Spa

Disney's Saratoga Springs Resort & Spa is a Disney Vacation Club (DVC) resort at the Walt Disney World Resort. The resort is the seventh Disney Vacation Club resort and is situated on the former site of the Disney Institute. It first opened on May 17, 2004 and was built in three phases. It is now the largest Disney Vacation Club resort. The resort was inspired by the city of Saratoga Springs, New York.

The 65 acre resort was designed by Graham Gund Architects of Cambridge, Massachusetts. There are a total of 18 Villa Buildings with 828 Vacation Home Units (1,260 guest rooms), plus an additional 60 Treehouse Villas.

History
The resort opened in 4 phases:
 * Phase 1: Four Villa Buildings in one section called Congress Park opened with 184 Vacation Home units (280 guest rooms) on May 17, 2004.
 * Phase 2: Eight Villa Buildings in two sections called The Springs and The Paddock started opening in Spring 2005 eventually adding 368 Vacation Home Units (560 guest rooms).
 * Phase 3: Six Villa Buildings in two sections called The Carousel and The Grandstand completed this phase of the large resort in Summer 2007, adding 276 Vacation Home Units (420 guest rooms).
 * Phase 4: Treehouse Villas built in natural forest glens with 60 three-bedroom homes opened on June 1, 2009. These stand-alone structures—elevated 10 feet off the ground on pedestals and beams—are located along the Sassagoula River.

title: Disney's Saratoga Springs Resort & Spa


text:
Tashi Lhunpo Monastery

Tashi Lhunpo Monastery is an historically and culturally important monastery in Shigatse, the second-largest city in Tibet. Founded in 1447 by the 1st Dalai Lama, it is the traditional monastic seat of the Panchen Lama.

The monastery was sacked in 1791, when the Gorkha Kingdom invaded Tibet and captured Shigatse. A combined Tibetan and Chinese army drove them back as far as the outskirts of Kathmandu, when they were forced to agree to keep the peace in the future, pay tribute every five years, and return what they had looted from Tashi Lhunpo.

The monastery is the traditional seat of successive Panchen Lamas, the second highest ranking tulku lineage in the Gelug tradition of Tibetan Buddhism. The "Tashi" or Panchen Lama had temporal power over three small districts, though not over the town of Shigatse itself, which was administered by a dzongpön (prefect) appointed from Lhasa.

The monastery is located on a hill in the center of Shigatse. Pilgrims circumambulate the monastery on the lingkhor (sacred path) outside the walls.

The full name in Tibetan of the monastery means "all fortune and happiness gathered here" or "heap of glory". Captain Samuel Turner, a British officer with the East India Company who visited the monastery in the late 18th century, described it in the following terms:

"If the magnificence of the place was to be increased by any external cause, none could more superbly have adorned its numerous gilded canopies and turrets than the sun rising in full splendour directly opposite. It presented a view wonderfully beautiful and brilliant; the effect was little short of magic, and it made an impression which no time will ever efface from my mind."

Although two-thirds of the buildings were destroyed during the Chinese Cultural Revolution, they were mainly the residences for the 4,000 monks. In 1966 the Red Guards led a crowd to break statues, burn scriptures, and open the stupas containing the relics of the 5th to 9th Panchen Lamas, and throw them in the river. Some of those remains were saved by locals, and in 1985, Choekyi Gyaltsen, 10th Panchen Lama, began the construction of a new stupa to house them and honour his predecessors. It was finally consecrated on 22 January 1989, just six days before he died aged fifty-one at Tashi Lhunpo. "It was as if he was saying now he could rest."

History
The monastery was founded in 1447 CE by Gedun Drub, the disciple of the famous Buddhist philosopher Je Tsongkhapa and later named the First Dalai Lama. The construction was financed by donations from local nobles.

Later Lobsang Chökyi Gyalsten — the Fourth Panchen Lama and the first Panchen Lama to be recognized as such by the rulers of Mongolia — made major expansions to the monastery. Since then, all Panchen Lamas have resided at Tashi Lhunpo, and have managed to expand it gradually.

The 11th Panchen Lama Choekyi Gyalpo, recognized by the Chinese government through the Golden Urn, was enthroned under Chinese supervision at the monastery in November/December 1995.

Bronze Buddha statue
The tallest and largest bronze Jampa Buddha statue in the world is in Tashi Lhunpo Monastery. Jampa Buddha in Tibetan Buddhism is the Maitreya Buddha in Chinese Buddhism, which in charge of the future. This Buddha statue is 26.2 meters high. Squatting on the 3.5-meter-high lotus seat, he overlooks the entire monastery. The Buddha statue is decorated with more than 1,400 precious ornaments such as pearls, diamonds and corals. According to records, the Buddha statue was cast by 110 craftsmen in four years.

Branch monasteries
One of its branch monasteries was the famous Drongtse Monastery, 14 km north of Tsechen.

In 1972, the another monastery was built in Bylakuppe, India, by the Tibetan population in exile.

title: Tashi Lhunpo Monastery


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Pink dragon

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE ALL. -Splash 02:04, 10 September 2005 (UTC)

Pink dragon
Band vanity, "working on first album" does not meet WP:MUSIC. I'll add band members to this VfD in just a sec. — Lomn | Talk / RfC 16:20:00, 2005-08-31 (UTC)
 * VfD includes co-linked Pink Dragon, Maveric, Jay Little Man Toto, and Jockstrap Joeseph.

 * Delete Band vanity DV8 2XL 22:21, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete *.*, non-notable band with non-notable members. -Satori (talk) 16:45, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete all. Punkmorten 18:58, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Pink Dragon and all those nominated as the band does not appear to meet WP:Music. Capitalistroadster 00:36, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Jane Stevenson

Jane Barbara Stevenson (born 12 February 1959) is a British historian, literary scholar, and author.

Education and career
Stevenson was born in London and brought up in London, Beijing and Bonn. She studied Anglo-Saxon, Norse and Celtic at Newnham College, Cambridge, completing that tripos in the upper second class in 1980.

She went on to lecture in history at Sheffield University, and literature and history at the University of Aberdeen; from 2007 to 2017, she was Regius Professor of Humanity there. Since 2017, she has been Senior Research Fellow at Campion Hall, Oxford.

Fiction

 * (original title Astraea London: Jonathan Cape, 2001)
 * (original title The Pretender London: Jonathan Cape, 2002)
 * (original title Astraea London: Jonathan Cape, 2001)
 * (original title The Pretender London: Jonathan Cape, 2002)

title: Jane Stevenson


text:
Iron Act

The Iron Act, also called the Importation, etc. Act 1749 (23 Geo. 2. c. 29), was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain, which was one of the legislative measures introduced within the system of Trade and Navigation Acts. The Act sought to increase the importation of pig and bar iron from its American colonies and to prevent the building of iron-related production facilities within these colonies, particularly in North America where these raw materials were identified. The dual purpose of the Act was to increase manufacturing capacity within Great Britain itself, and to limit potential competition from the colonies possessing the raw materials.

The Act
The Act repealed the duties on pig iron and bar iron imported from British America and imported into London respectively. Bar iron might be carried coastwise or by land from there to Royal Navy dockyards, but otherwise not beyond 10 miles from London. The iron must be marked with its place of origin, with most, if not all, pig iron was already marked. It also stipulated that no mill or engine for slitting or rolling iron or any plating forge to work with a tilt hammer or any furnace for making steel was to be built in the American colonies, and for what mills already existed Colonial governors were required to certify them.

Analysis
Pig iron had been exported from Virginia and Maryland since the 1720s, but little came from other colonies, nor did bar iron. The continuance of this was encouraged, as was the production and export of bar iron (which required a finery forge using a helve hammer not a trip hammer).

Conversely, the Act was designed to restrict the colonial manufacture of finished iron products and steel. Existing works could continue in operation, but no expansion would be possible in the output of:
 * knives, scythes, sickles and other edged tools as a tilt hammer would be needed to produce thin iron, and a steel furnace to make steel.
 * nails which were made from rod iron, from a slitting mill.
 * Tinplate, which required a rolling mill. This was the raw material from which tinsmiths made a wide variety of goods from tinned sheet iron.

This was a continuation of a long term British policy, beginning with the Navigation Acts, which were designed to direct most American trade to England, and later Great Britain, and to encourage the manufacture of goods for export to the colonies in Britain.

The Iron Act, if enforced, would have severely limited the emerging iron manufacturing industry (as opposed to the production of cast or bar iron) in the colonies. However, as with other trade legislation, enforcement was poor because no one had any significant incentive to ensure compliance. Nevertheless, this was one of a number of measures restrictive on the trade of British Colonies in North America that were one of the causes of the American Revolution.

Part of the reason for lax enforcement may be due to the involvement of Colonial Officials in iron works. Virginia Governors Gooch and Spotswood were both deeply involved in iron manufacture. Gooch was a part owner of the Fredericksville Ironworks. Spotswood owned Tubal Ironworks (a blast furnace and probably finery forge) and the double air furnace at Massaponnax. Other prominent members of the Virginia aristocracy and House of Burgesses involved in the iron industry included John Tayloe II (Bristol Iron Works, near Fredericksburg; Neabsco Iron Works; and Occoquan Ironworks), Augustine Washington, George's father (Accoceek/Potomac Ironworks), and Benjamin Grimes (Grimes Recovery and a bloomery near Fredericksburg).

Amendments and repeal
The limitation of imported bar iron to London and the dockyards was partly repealed by the Importation Act 1757 (30 Geo. 2. c. 16), with duty-free imports to any part of Great Britain being permitted. A clause requiring bar iron to be marked was similarly repealed as unnecessary. A part of the act was also repealed by the Customs, etc. Act 1765, (5 Geo. 3. c. 45). The whole Act was repealed by the Statute Law Revision Act 1867, due to the replacement of colonial rule with the Dominion of Canada.

title: Iron Act


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kalligrafmatidae

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. Few comments, but no support for transwikim of unverifiable article. -Splash 02:14, 10 September 2005 (UTC)

Kalligrafmatidae
Exactly one google hit, which contains the exact same phrase as in the article. No hit's on scholar search. No way of telling if this is a real group of extinxt insects, a hoax, a misspelling etc. No potential (at the moment) to expand into a proper article. Theresa Knott (a tenth stroke) 16:23, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Transwiki to Wiktionary; definition DV8 2XL 16:37, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * But we would need to be able to verify it's a real word first, and if we could do that then we probably could write an encylopedia article on it. Theresa Knott (a tenth stroke) 22:15, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as unverifiable, pending some verification that this is a real, correctly spelled word. ManoaChild 21:51, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Chinese Air Force (disambiguation)

Chinese Air Force may refer to:

 * People's Republic of China (PRC) Air Force
 * People's Liberation Army Air Force: the air force of the People's Republic of China
 * People's Liberation Army Naval Air Force: the air component of the navy
 * People's Liberation Army Ground Air Force: the air component of the ground force
 * Republic of China (ROC) Air Force:
 * Republic of China Air Force: the air force of the Republic of China established on the mainland in 1920, operating in the Taiwan Area since 1949 after its retreat
 * Republic of China Navy air component: Republic of China Naval Aviation Command
 * Republic of China Army air component
 * China Air Task Force: An interim unit formed mainly from the Flying Tigers after their disbandment on July 4, 1942 and before their reunion, in part, within the 14th Air Force in 1943.

title: Chinese Air Force (disambiguation)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Pulling an andy

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. — J I P | Talk 15:05, 10 September 2005 (UTC)

Pulling an andy
Neologism. Also, I can find no evidence to support the article's claims of origin. Al 16:24, August 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong delete No WP entry for Amos n' Andy to merge to
 * Amos & Andy. Gazpacho
 * Delete dicdef, neologism, or hoax. --TheMidnighters 22:32, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I originally redirect, but as the creator didn't seem to go in for that kind of thing, delete. --fvw *  23:49, August 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User talk:63.99.172.100

Nomination of Georges Petitpas for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Georges Petitpas is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Georges Petitpas until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Thanoscar21talk, contribs 00:46, 14 March 2021 (UTC)

title: User talk:63.99.172.100


text:
I Love Trouble (1994 film)

I Love Trouble is a 1994 American romantic action comedy film starring Julia Roberts and Nick Nolte. It was written and produced by the husband-and-wife team of Nancy Meyers and Charles Shyer, and directed by Shyer.

Plot
Peter Brackett and Sabrina Peterson are two rival Chicago newspaper reporters. Sabrina is young and ambitious, whereas Peter is a fading star and has just published his first novel. They reluctantly join forces to unravel the mystery behind a train derailment. They argue over almost everything but discover a conspiracy involving genetically altered milk.

Cast

 * Julia Roberts - Sabrina Peterson
 * Nick Nolte - Peter Brackett
 * Saul Rubinek - Sam Smotherman/Ernesto Vargas
 * James Rebhorn - the Thin Man
 * Robert Loggia - Matt Greenfield, Chronicle Editor
 * Kelly Rutherford - Kim
 * Olympia Dukakis - Jeannie, Peter's Secretary
 * Marsha Mason - Senator Gayle Robbins
 * Eugene Levy - Justice of the Peace
 * Charles Martin Smith - Rick Medwick
 * Dan Butler - Wilson Chess
 * Paul Gleason - Kenny Bacon
 * Jane Adams - Evans
 * Lisa Lu - Virginia Harvey
 * Nora Dunn - Lindy
 * Megan Cavanagh - Mrs. Delores Beekman
 * Clark Gregg - Darryl Beekman, Jr.
 * Anna Holbrook - Woman in Sportscar
 * Jay Wolpert - Passing Writer
 * Andy Milder - Copy Man
 * Dorothy Lyman - Suzie
 * Keith Gordon - Andy
 * Joseph D'Onofrio - Sully
 * Barry Sobel - Delivery Person
 * Frankie Faison - Police Chief
 * Stuart Pankin - Society Photographer
 * James 'Kimo' Wills - Danny Brown
 * Patrick St. Esprit - Assassin
 * Paul Hirsch - Man on Plane
 * Jessica Lundy - Flight Attendant #1
 * Nestor Serrano - Pecos
 * Robin Duke - Sandra
 * Bruce A. Block - Man at Newsstand
 * Hallie Meyers-Shyer - Little Girl in Barn

Production
In February 1993 it was announced Nolte had been cast as one of the leads. Nolte and Roberts notoriously did not get along with each other during the making of the film. Nolte, who has since disowned the film, felt that he sold his soul by doing it, and that he did it only for the money. As a result, he was tense while on the set, and did not have a good working relationship with Julia Roberts. Roberts has, on her part, called Nolte the worst actor with whom she has ever worked. She also has described him as "disgusting," whereas Nolte has said she's "not a nice person."

Reception
The film grossed over $30 million in box-office receipts in the United States and less than $62 million worldwide.

On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 22% rating based on 46 reviews. The site's consensus states: "There appears to be no Love lost between the fatally mismatched coupling of Julia Roberts and Nick Nolte in this screwball misfire that just isn't worth the Trouble." Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film a grade B on scale of A to F.

Todd McCarthy of Variety wrote: "The goings-on seem lacking in wit and inspiration, tolerably entertaining but far from effervescent." Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times wrote: "Maybe it would have been funnier if the evil cow conglomerate had been replaced by something sillier and more lightweight; it's hard to sustain a romantic comedy in the face of death threats."

Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times wrote that "it's a good thing I Love Trouble loves trouble, because trouble is just what it's in." He added: Although Julia Roberts and Nick Nolte beaming out at the world from "Trouble" posters everywhere point to a light and frothy concoction, that's not what filmmaking team Nancy Meyers and Charles Shyer (she produces, he directs, they both write) have delivered. On screens instead is a stab at the kind of thriller/romance combination that Alfred Hitchcock turned out in treats like "North by Northwest."

But, instead of the charm and the suspense complementing each other in the classic manner, they drag each other down. The film's jeopardy sequences are ineffectual and cast a pall over the romantic comedy aspects, which are not especially entrancing despite the star power. Instead of synergy, what "Trouble" achieves is more like disappointment squared.

No one expects movies like this one, set as it is in the largely mythological world of fiercely competitive daily newspapering, to be realistic. But neither should they be as flaccid and unconvincing as what we are presented with here.

A mildly positive review of the film was contributed by Caryn James of The New York Times, who told her readers, "don't go to I Love Trouble looking for realism. And don't even bother comparing it to the classic spar-until-they-fall-in-love movies of the 30's and 40's, even if this film begs an audience to make that self-defeating connection. I Love Trouble is breezy summer escapism, and taken on those light-spirited terms it is loaded with charm. Ms. Roberts has her best role since Pretty Woman, a part that plays up her unmistakable Audrey Hepburn allure. And Mr. Nolte shows a surprising flair for this kind of blithe comedy. They may not be the first couple that pops into mind to play gritty, love-resisting reporters, but they make the film an appealing, easy-to-take confection."

Year-end lists

 * Sixth worst – Peter Travers, Rolling Stone
 * Top 12 worst (Alphabetically ordered, not ranked) – David Elliott, The San Diego Union-Tribune
 * Dishonorable mention – Glenn Lovell, San Jose Mercury News
 * Dishonorable mention – Dan Craft, The Pantagraph
 * Worst (not ranked) – Bob Ross, The Tampa Tribune

Music
Elmer Bernstein originally wrote the underscore, but his music was thrown out, and David Newman was called in at such a late stage that posters with Bernstein's name on the credits were already displayed. With only two weeks to rescore the film, Newman - who usually orchestrates the bulk of his scores himself - used a small army of orchestrators to help him complete the score: Scott Smalley, Chris Boardman, William Kidd, Peter Tomashek, Steven Bramson, Christopher Klatman, Don Davis, Joel Rosenbaum, Arthur Kempel (misspelt "Kempl" in the end credits), Mark McKenzie, Brad Warnaar (misspelt "Warner" in the end credits), and John Neufeld. The soundtrack album was released by Varèse Sarabande, including a cover version of the Smokey Robinson song "You've Really Got a Hold on Me"; only Smalley and Boardman received orchestrator credit on the album (but Ross received an acknowledgement - as does Alan Silvestri, who was also attached to the project).

 * 1) Here's Peter (5:09)
 * 2) Here's Sabrina (1:54)
 * 3) Calling All Boggs (1:15)
 * 4) Honeymoon Night (4:55)
 * 5) Two Scoop Snoops (3:39)
 * 6) Everybody Buys the Globe (:46)
 * 7) Scoop de Jour (3:15)
 * 8) Sabrina's Hip (1:04)
 * 9) Wild Goose Chase (1:16)
 * 10) The Beekman Agreement (2:02)
 * 11) Keyhole Foreplay (1:20)
 * 12) Happily Ever After (2:21)
 * 13) "I Love Trouble" (3:43)
 * 14) You've Really Got a Hold on Me - Robbyn Kirmsse (3:37)

title: I Love Trouble (1994 film)


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Disney's Old Key West Resort

Disney's Old Key West Resort is a Disney Vacation Club (DVC) resort located at the Walt Disney World Resort in Lake Buena Vista, Florida.

It opened on December 20, 1991 as the company's first timeshare property, and as such, was simply named Disney's Vacation Club Resort. The property was renamed Disney's Old Key West Resort in January 1996 ahead of the second DVC location opening on the Walt Disney Resort property.

It has the largest rooms of any of the DVC resorts and each include kitchen facilities and a laundry room. The rooms are designed in a Key West theme. Rooms are also available year-round for rental by non-members as Disney Vacation Club retains ownership of a majority of the resort.

In October 2007, the resort received designation in the Florida Green Lodging Program.

Dining
Olivia's Cafe is the only restaurant at Disney's Old Key West Resort and offers American style breakfast, lunch, and dinner menu.

Good's Food to Go is a counter service location located on the Turtle Krawl.

Gurgling Suitcase is the bar at Disney's Old Key West Resort. Turtle Shack is a counter service location at the village pool on Old Turtle Pond Road.

Transportation
Disney's Old Key West Resort is served by Disney Transport bus and watercraft transportation to Disney Springs.

title: Disney's Old Key West Resort


text: Template:DGRA

title: Template:DGRA


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Californian rabbit

The Californian, also known as the California White, is a breed of domestic rabbit initially developed for the fur and meat industries by George S. West of Lynwood, California, starting in 1923. West maintained a herd of 300 genetically pure New Zealand Whites (with no Angora genes), which he began crossing with Standard Chinchilla rabbits for their dense coat and Himalayan rabbits (from which the Californian's markings come). This new breed, named after the state of its origin, was first shown in 1928, and a standard was accepted by the American Rabbit Breeders Association (ARBA) in 1939.

ARBA recognizes only the original "standard" color variety of white with dark points, while the British Rabbit Council (BRC) recognizes four color varieties: normal, chocolate, blue, or lilac points. The BRC standard calls for a desired weight of 9.5 lb with a minimum of 7.5 lb, while ARBA accepts a maximum weight of 10.5 lb.

Californian rabbits have dense, plush coats.

title: Californian rabbit


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User:Windischa

Hi! Welcome to my user page.

I was born on October_3, 1980 in Cleveland,_Ohio and I currently live in Gahanna,_Ohio, a suburb of Columbus,_Ohio.

I was married on May_15, 2004 to my high school sweetheart.

I am a CIS Major at DeVry University Online.

Some of my interested include: The Columbus_Blue_Jackets, The Cleveland_Browns, and The Cleveland_Indians.

Video Games such as Half-Life_2, Sonic_The_Hedgehog, and Wing_Commander_(computer_game).

title: User:Windischa


text:
Template talk:User tlh

With regards to this template: I assume it was made on a "you never know" basis? -- Egil 16:27, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

Hmm... I missed the deletion. I wonder if it was a vandalism votes for deletion. Also there is User_tlh-N vs. User_tlh. User_tlh means you speak Klingon. User_tlh-N means your parents raised you with Klingon as a your first language -- yes, some parents actually do and I wish more would. DyslexicEditor 13:32, 7 June 2006 (UTC)

Incorrect translation
No big deal, but the sentence "tlhIngan Hol lujatlh lo'wI'pu'vam" is translated here as "This user speaks Klingon," when in fact it means "These users speak Klingon." (I know, I'm a nerd.) If you want it to mean "This user speaks Klingon," you should change it to "tlhIngan Hol jatlh lo'wI'vam." --Runner5k 21:48, 26 June 2007 (UTC)
 * I think it was "these users" because it's a category link, but now that you mention it, "this user" is probably more appropriate. I'll change it. —Disavian (talk/contribs) 21:53, 26 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the speedy response. It seemed kind of ironic that a userbox about someone's ability to use a language had an inaccurate translation, but I can see how being a category link could have caused that to happen. Thanks again. --Runner5k 22:05, 26 June 2007 (UTC)
 * I actually own a copy of the Klingon Dictionary, but I haven't had time to study it enough to pick up on that error. —Disavian (talk/contribs) 22:09, 26 June 2007 (UTC)

title: Template talk:User tlh


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William Gadsby

William Gadsby (1773–1844) was an English Strict Baptist pastor, hymn writer and church planter. He is often seen of as the father of the Strict and Particular Baptist movement in England. Although he was not formally educated, Gadsby was regarded by his contemporaries as an excellent preacher and pastor who championed the cause of social justice and opposed the established Elizabethan Church.

Originally pastoring in Leicestershire, in 1805 he left to become pastor of Black Lane Strict and Particular Baptist Chapel in Manchester, England, and held that position until he died. Due to reconstructions and changes in street names, that same congregation was variously known as St George's Road Baptist Chapel, and Rochdale Road Particular Baptist Chapel.

Early life
William was just one of fourteen children born to John and Martha Gadsby at Attleborough, Warwickshire on or around 3 January 1773. He was born into poverty and only briefly attended Nuneaton church school, starting work as a ribbon weaver at age 13. Being older than most of his siblings, he often had to care for them and this taught him the importance of leadership. By age 17 he had forgotten how to read.

His conversion to Christianity was also at this age: "But when the Lord was graciously pleased to quicken my soul, being then just 17 years of age, and showed me something of what sin really was, I really feared it then, and a turn in my mind took place of a very different kind... I was then solemnly and blessedly led to believe in God's free mercy and pardon." After this, he briefly attended an Independent Chapel in nearby Bedworth, however after meeting Pastor John Butterworth and conversing about the point of believer's baptism, he joined the Cow Lane Baptist Church in Coventry where he was baptized the same day on 29 December 1793.

Ministry in Leicestershire
 The Barn at Hinckley

Despite his impoverished upbringing and his strong belief that this should prevent him from preaching, William Gadsby felt called to form his own church in an old barn at the town of Hinckley.

Because of his lower class background, as well as his opposition to the Church of England, he faced much opposition. This included an attempted assassination, when he was stoned by thugs through a hole in the roof of the barn. When members of his congregation attempted to chase after them, he commanded them saying "God will see to it that I am not hurt".

 The Church of Desford

He also began preaching to a small chapel in the village of Desford from 1794. This congregation had a proper church but was very poor. Thanks to donations from his loyal congregation, he began to sell drapery goods from land he bought in Hinckley as well as building a house.

 Hinckley Ebenezer Chapel

In 1802, Gadsby and his flock began constructing a new independent chapel known as Hinckley Chapel. It was a difficult project due to the poverty of his congregation, and they were often mocked by locals. Gadsby preached here until he moved to preach in Manchester in 1805.

His experiences here would influence his future theology and politics, especially his left wing economic values.

Ministry in Manchester
Gadsby originally had no intention of moving to Manchester, however after leaning that there was a chapel called "Back Lane Particular Baptist Chapel" that was without a pastor, he requested that he be allowed to preach there for a month as he attended to "business". He did not initially state it out of embarrassment but he did not have any business in Manchester but he had heard the people of Manchester were very charitable and so he sought to beg for money as his funds for Hinckley Chapel were dangerously low.

Eventually his sermons were admired by the congregation at Manchester and in 1805, he decided to settle there and become pastor for this chapel.

This event not only coincided with Britain's victory at Trafalgar, but also the start of much social discontent in Manchester, of which Gadsby would play a large role.

 38 Year Ministry

Back Lane Particular Baptist Chapel would later be renamed to Rochdale Road Chapel and not long after becoming pastor, Gadsby managed to attract an even larger congregation.

As well as this, he often travelled on foot across much of Northern England, spreading the Project of Strict Baptism to the poor and working class, as well as starting more than 40 new Strict and Particular Baptist Chapels.

Along with his son, John, he would found the Gospel Standard magazine, which is now the longest running religious magazine in England.

Peterloo Massacre
Just as many other dissident Protestant groups such as the Lollards of the Peasant Revolt and the True Levellers of the English Civil War, Gadsby's ministry showed a deep concern for the issues of social injustice and laissez faire economics. His Christian socialistic ideas also came from his families continued poverty when he was growing up and the perceived bourgeois attitude of the established Elizabethan Church. After the massacre of protesting workers by the British Army on August 16, 1819, known as the Peterloo Massacre, Gadsby joined with many other political agitators in signing a "Declaration and Protest". In a letter to a friend in London, he wrote "I can assure you there is little else in our town but tyranny and oppression".

It was this sense of social injustice that caused him to help to form the Anti-Corn Law League.

He often enraged upper class circles for bringing his socialist ideas into his sermons, however he was often praised by his working class congregations. On one occasion, he claimed the mantra of landlordism was "the labouring, the industrious people of England shall not partake of the fruit of the earth, if we can help it, for we are determined to keep the greatest part for ourselves". When he attempted to continue, he was drowned out by the cheers of the crowd. When he apologised for detaining them for so long there were cries of "go on".

Death
Gadsby died of a lung infection on 27 January 1844, two weeks after turning 71.

Shortly before his death he quoted an early expression where he said "in heaven we shall all have immortal lungs".

According to B.A. Ramsbottom, the morning of his funeral saw thousands of people lining the streets to pay homage to him. His funeral was taken by John Kershaw, who preached from the first Epistle of Peter and stated that Gadsby was now "crowning the Redeemer's brow with immortal honours", a nod to William's famous hymn, "Immortal Honours Rest on Jesus' Head".

Theology
The theology of William Gadsby has been a cause of much debate, even during his own life. During his life, critics called him both a Hyper-Calvinist and a Methodist, both a Manichean and an Antinomian. Because of this variety of theological labels, it has become increasingly difficult to pin-point his exact theological doctrine.

Christology

Through Gadsby's Selection of Hymns for Public Worship, a clear priority for Trinitarian Monophysitism is evident. This is due to the phrasing and wording of Jesus' nature throughout his Hymnal. One example is Hymn 543 which states:

Jesus is the way to God;

Jesus is the way to bliss;

In this way the church has trod,

Down from Adam's day to this.

These lines reflect a view of Jesus that emphasizes the divinity of the Logos, which is central to Monophysite belief, by stating that Jesus is the way to God and bliss, without mentioning his human nature explicitly. The mention of "In this way the church has trod, Down from Adam’s day to this" suggests a continuous and unchanging divine path, placing emphasis on the constancy of Jesus' divine nature throughout history.

He was a big believer in the primacy of the first coming of Jesus in the bible, believing he was what the Old Testament led to and the New Testament continued from.

Soteriology

Gadsby was a unique Calvinist in that he rejected paedobaptism and Baptism's necessity for salvation. He also believed in only two sacraments, Baptism followed by the Lord's Supper. According to Strict Baptist Theology, one could not partake in the remembrance of the Lord's Supper unless they had been baptised, a doctrine known as Closed Communion.

He was often at conflict with the Arminian preacher, Andrew Fuller, both for theological and political reasons.

Evangelism

The Strict Baptists were initially labelled Antinomians in their early years due to their economic isolation from people outside the denomination. Gadsby's followers were encouraged to only buy and sell from other Strict Baptists. Following his death and a slow decline in the denomination's size, this practice slowly died out, but the practice of being independent from the outside world remained in their evangelism which caused them to be labelled Hyper-Calvinists, even in modern times.

Most of his evangelism was done with the spread of his political ideas.

Politics

William Gadsby was a renowned political radical and a fiery opponent to what he perceived as the bourgeois attitude of the established Churches and the monarchy. His political ideas have sometimes been seen as preceding Left Libertarian ideologies, and this caused him to become much despised in upper-class circles but much beloved amongst the workers. This popularity has caused him to be described as the ‘most effective post-war Baptist politician’ as people would 'join his movements for his politics, and stay for his theology.' He modelled his preaching after Paul the Apostle's methods, writing letters, planting churches and embarking on missionary journeys across northern England, this spread both his theological ideas as well as his political radicalism.

Central to his politics was a (usually non-violent) rejection of political authority. This did not mean resistance to the authority of worldly powers, but a recognition of the primacy of the Gospel and a nonconformity to unbiblical governance. He is also thought to have had sympathy for the oath-based association of the Luddites, due to his light opposition to industrialisation.

His political engagement has been thought to embarrass later Strict Baptists as his son eliminated most political references from his published Works in 1851. His son, John also rebuked his followers for wrongfully claiming that William supported violent revolution. William Tant, a loyal follower of John Gadsby, condemned another of his followers, Edmund Greenfield when the latter wrote an article calling for Strict Baptists to become the "forces of Abaddon" mentioned in Revelation 9.

title: William Gadsby


text:
Talk:Church of the Intercession on the Nerl

Suggest to rename to the Church of Intercession upon Nerl and rephrase a bit:

 * Church of Intercession upon Nerl River (Покрова на нерли, Pokrova na Nerli) is one of the best known in the world Russian churches. It is situated at the confluence of small Nerl River and Klyazma River in Bogolyubovo, near Vladimir. Listed among the UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

 * The church was built in 1165 of white stone, has one dome and four columns in the interior. The walls are covered with carvings. The church is dedicated to the Orthodox holiday of the Intercession of the Holy Virgin (Pokrov).

--Barbatus 17:00, August 31, 2005 (UTC)

 * Please, do so, it would be nice. I don't really know how to call all these 'churches upon something'. But certainly your variant sounds better. Arseni 18:05, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Will do, Arseni. --Barbatus 18:19, August 31, 2005 (UTC)

 * I oppose the move besause: a) the rivernames are preceded by articles in English; b) because the Britannica 2004 and other reputable sources list the church as "Church of the Intercession on the Nerl". We discussed this issue upon KNewman's talk page back in July. --Ghirlandajo 18:42, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Also, by checking "What links here", you will discover some unfixed double redirects. --Ghirlandajo 19:37, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

Comparisons
Whereas St Demetrius Cathedral has been compared to a warrior, the Intercession Church has been likened to a weeping mother.

Compared by whom/and or where? Incomplete. Truthseeker 85.5 15:01, 10 August 2006 (UTC)

Featured picture scheduled for POTD
Hello! This is to let editors know that File:Bogolyubovo asv2019-01 img06 Intercession Church.jpg, a featured picture used in this article, has been selected as the English Wikipedia's picture of the day (POTD) for October 27, 2021. A preview of the POTD is displayed below and can be edited at Template:POTD/2021-10-27. For the greater benefit of readers, any potential improvements or maintenance that could benefit the quality of this article should be done before its scheduled appearance on the Main Page. If you have any concerns, please place a message at Wikipedia talk:Picture of the day. Thank you! Cwmhiraeth (talk) 10:28, 20 October 2021 (UTC)

Ambiguity in 2nd paragraph
... it was built to commemorate Andrei's victory over the Bulgars and his son Izyaslav, who was slain in the battle....

I can parse this sentence two ways:
 * 1)  it was built to commemorate (Andrei's victory over the Bulgars) and (his son Izyaslav, who was slain in the battle)..., or
 * 2)  it was built to commemorate Andrei's victory over (the Bulgars and his son Izyaslav, who was slain in the battle)

The second parse would be correct if Izyaslav has revolted against his father and allied himself with the Bulgars, as sometimes happened in royal families.

If the first parse is intended, I suggest a slight rewording:

...it was built to commemorate both Andrei's victory over the Bulgars, and also his son Izyaslav, who was slain in the battle...

Weka511 (talk) 04:03, 27 October 2021 (UTC)
 * The first reading is indeed correct.--Ymblanter (talk) 18:49, 27 October 2021 (UTC)


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User talk:Disneygrrl992

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, you can post to the help desk or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! -Satori (talk) 16:29, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Hello! May I direct your attention to the Manual of style to get a better feel for what should go into an article? The Disney resort stubs are most welcome, but they come off more as advertisements. Please don't hesitate to contact me if you have any questions. FWIW, as a Disneyland annual pass holder, I post over at laughingplace.com on occasion. :) - Lucky 6.9 16:42, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Disneygrrl992


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Talk:The Istana

Previous Discussion
I disagree with the given definition of Istana. Istana is simply a Malay word meaning "palace" and is not in any way confined to Singapore alone. There are many other Istana in other South-east Asian countries.

Copyright problem removed
Prior content in this article duplicated one or more previously published sources. The material was copied from: Singapore's 100 Historic Places. Copied or closely paraphrased material has been rewritten or removed and must not be restored, unless it is duly released under a compatible license. (For more information, please see "using copyrighted works from others" if you are not the copyright holder of this material, or "donating copyrighted materials" if you are.)

For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or published material; such additions will be deleted. Contributors may use copyrighted publications as a source of information, and, if allowed under fair use, may copy sentences and phrases, provided they are included in quotation marks and referenced properly. The material may also be rewritten, provided it does not infringe on the copyright of the original or plagiarize from that source. Therefore, such paraphrased portions must provide their source. Please see our guideline on non-free text for how to properly implement limited quotations of copyrighted text. Wikipedia takes copyright violations very seriously, and persistent violators will be blocked from editing. While we appreciate contributions, we must require all contributors to understand and comply with these policies. Thank you. Darylgolden(talk) Ping when replying 05:49, 19 September 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Istana


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Disney's Coronado Springs Resort

Disney's Coronado Springs Resort is a resort hotel at the Walt Disney World Resort that opened on August 1, 1997. The resort is located in the Animal Kingdom Resort Area. Its theme is American colonial Spanish and southwestern American. This hotel is categorized as a 'moderate' resort. This was Walt Disney World's first attempt at a 'moderate' resort with a convention center. It is the only moderate level Disney resort with suites, a cafeteria-style restaurant, a formal dinner restaurant (Maya Grill), a gift shop, an arcade, one large pool, three quiet pools, a salon, fitness center, and a dance club. The resort is owned and operated by Disney Parks, Experiences and Products.

In February 2017, a large expansion was announced, with the centerpiece being a 15-story tower located near the entrance and convention center. Other things added are "floating gardens and an oasis which connects to the rest of the resort via a series of bridges".

Accommodation descriptions
There are 1,951 rooms at Disney's Coronado Springs Resort located in four sections across the property. Gran Destino Tower is the main building with rooms on the 3rd through 15th floors. The Casitas are made up of 5 buildings that have 4 floors and are close to the Convention Center. The Ranchos are made up of 4 pueblo-style buildings that have 3 floors. The Cabanas are made up of 3 buildings that have 2 floors. All rooms were renovated in 2018 with new beds, a new flat screen TV, and other new furnishings.

Pools and recreation

 * The Lost City of Cibola Feature Pool (The Dig Site) – This themed area includes a huge pool (120-by-90), a sand volleyball court, the largest outdoor hot tub on Walt Disney World property, the 20,000 sqft Explorer's Playground, and the Iguana Arcade. The focal point of the resort, the Dig Site's 46 ft, 5 story tall Mayan pyramid themed, with water slide, as a modern archaeological dig of an ancient lost kingdom. At the beginning of the day the Mayan pyramid is turned on and a huge stream of water flows down the giant steps. (Kids are allowed to participate in the opening.) The Dig Site underwent a massive renovation ending in December 2018.
 * Poolside Activities – Family-friendly activities each day at the Lost City of Cibola Feature Pool include Disney trivia, an afternoon pool party and an evening campfire.
 * Explorer's Playground – A themed, outdoor playground located at The Dig Site main pool complex includes swings, a water-slide, slides, and an "archeological dig sand box".
 * Iguana Arcade – Adjacent to The Dig Site, an indoor arcade which offers a variety of electronic games.
 * Movies Under the Stars – Adjacent to the main pool, nightly offering of a Disney movie, weather permitting.
 * Pools – Three additional courtyard quiet pools are located throughout the resort.
 * La Vida Health Club – A 3,000 sqft health club and the first fitness center to be located at a Disney moderate resort.
 * Casa de Belleza Beauty Salon – The salon at Coronado Springs Resort, as well as at all Disney properties, is run by Niki Bryan Salon's. It is adjacent to the La Vida Health Club.
 * La Marina – Open seasonally, the marina offers watercraft rentals to guests including boats, water-cycles, kayaks, paddle-boats, and fishing excursions in addition to bike rentals. However, "La Marina" appears to be predominantly disused, and is rarely in operation.
 * Additional recreation – includes a sand volleyball court, a white sand beach, a .75 mi jogging trail around Lago Dorado or 1 mi on a trail that extends out past the smaller Cabanas lake and a few buildings in the Ranchos and Casitas sections of the resort.

Expansion

 * Gran Destino Hotel Tower – A 15-story tower, taking its name and thematic cues from the Salvador Dalí collaboration short film "Destino", added 545 guest rooms including 50 suites, and features a Spanish rooftop restaurant named "Toledo" and the "Dahlia Lounge". The tower opened in July 2019. The resort's lobby and bus stop moved to the tower when completed. It is also the only Disney-owned building in Walt Disney World to use a destination dispatch elevator control system (specifically Otis CompassPlus).
 * Restaurant – In addition to the restaurant at the top of the tower, Disney also added a restaurant in the middle of Lago Dorado called "Three Bridges Bar and Grill".
 * Updated and Modernized Guest Rooms – All guest rooms have been updated with wood floors, new beds, USB ports, flat screen TVs, Keurig coffee machines, new art, new color scheme and the renovation of the bathrooms.

Convention Center
The Coronado Springs Resort Convention Center is the largest convention center on Walt Disney World property featuring 220000 sqft of meeting space. The Convention Center includes the 60214 sqft Coronado Ballroom which is the largest ballroom in the southeastern United States, the 21160 sqft Fiesta Ballroom, as well as the 86000 sqft Veracruz Exhibition Hall with 1500 sqft of pre-function space in addition to 45 breakout rooms. It has been designated as being the premier single-level hotel convention facility on the east-coast and is one of the largest single-level hotel convention centers in the Southeast. There is a business center located on site.

title: Disney's Coronado Springs Resort


text:
User talk:Indirect~enwiki

Image
Thunderbrand 16:29, August 31, 2005 (UTC)

Please avoid posting HD-DVD number
Please avoid posting the HD-DVD number b/c it could open Wikipedia to legal liability. I've deleted the articles you created to host that number. Best, --Alabamaboy 17:08, 2 May 2007 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
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Renamed
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title: User talk:Indirect~enwiki


text:
Close to You

Close to You may refer to:

Film and television

 * Close to You (2006 film), a Filipino film
 * Close to You (2023 film), an independent film directed by Dominic Savage
 * Close to You: Remembering The Carpenters, a 1998 documentary film
 * "Close to You" (Heroes), a television episode

Albums

 * Close to You (The 88 album) or the title song, 2016
 * Close to You (The Carpenters album) or the title song (see below), 1970
 * Close to You (Father MC album) or the title song, 1992
 * Close to You (Frank Sinatra album) or the 1943 title song (see below), 1957
 * Close to You (Johnny Mathis album), 1970
 * Close to You (Sarah Vaughan album), 1960
 * Close to You, by Changmin, 2015
 * Close to You, or the title song (see below), by Fun Factory, 1995
 * Close to You, by Kate Wolf, 1980
 * Close to You, by The Lettermen, 1991

Songs

 * "Close to You" (1943 song), written by Jerry Livingston, Carl Lampl, and Al Hoffman
 * "Close to You" (Fun Factory song), 1994
 * "Close to You" (Gracie Abrams song), 2024
 * "Close to You" (Maxi Priest song), 1990
 * "Close to You" (Tohoshinki song), 2008
 * "Close to You" (Whigfield song), 1995
 * "(They Long to Be) Close to You", written by Burt Bacharach and Hal David, first recorded by Richard Chamberlain, 1963; covered by the Carpenters (1970) and others
 * "Close to You", by Abhi the Nomad from Abhi vs the Universe
 * "Close to You", by Andrew Hyatt from Four Good Years
 * "Close to You", by the Avalanches from Since I Left You
 * "Close to You", by Ayumi Hamasaki from Rainbow
 * "Close to You", by BeBe & CeCe Winans from Still
 * "Close to You", by the Brand New Heavies
 * "Close to You", by DJ Tiësto from In My Memory
 * "Close to You", by Fergie from The Dutchess
 * "Close to You", by Frank Ocean from Blonde
 * "Close to You", by Frost
 * "Close to You", by Jay Sean from Neon
 * "Close to You", by JLS from JLS
 * "Close to You", by Lovelyz from Once Upon a Time
 * "Close to You", by Marti Pellow from Smile
 * "Close to You", by Neon Trees from Picture Show
 * "Close to You", by Rihanna from Anti
 * "Close to You", by Screaming Jets from Scam
 * "Close to You", by Simply Red from Love and the Russian Winter
 * "Close to You", written by Willie Dixon, first recorded by Muddy Waters

Other

 * Close to You, a 2001 novel by Mary Jane Clark

title: Close to You


text:
Pitati

Pitati may refer to:

 * Pítati, a contingent of archers in the Egyptian Empire
 * Bonifazio de' Pitati, better known as Bonifazio Veronese (1487–1553), Italian painter
 * Pietro Pitati (died c. 1550), Italian astronomer and mathematician

title: Pitati


text: User talk:207.166.19.33

title: User talk:207.166.19.33


text:
Chamber of Deputies (Luxembourg)

The Chamber of Deputies (Chamber vun den Deputéierten or simply D'Chamber, Chambre des Députés, Abgeordnetenkammer), abbreviated to the Chamber, is the unicameral national legislature of Luxembourg. The metonym Krautmaart (French: Marché aux herbes, English: "Herb Market") is sometimes used for the Chamber, after the square on which the Hôtel de la Chambre is located.

The Chamber is made up of 60 seats. Deputies are elected to serve five-year terms by proportional representation in four multi-seat constituencies. Voters may vote for as many candidates as the constituency elects deputies.

1800s
The constitution of 1841 created the Assembly of Estates (Assemblée des États), consisting of 34 members. Under the absolute monarchy of William II, King of the Netherlands and Grand Duke of Luxembourg, the legislature's powers were very restricted: it could not take decisions and had a purely advisory role with respect to the monarch. Its consent was necessary in very few matters. Only the sovereign could propose laws. The assembly was in session only 15 days a year, and these sessions were held in secret.

In a climate marked by the democratic revolutionary movements in France and elsewhere, a new constitution was drafted in 1848 by a Constituent Assembly. This introduced a constitutional monarchy: the King-Grand Duke retained only those powers specifically enumerated in the Constitution. The parliament, now called the Chambre des Députés, had the legislative power: it had the right to propose and amend laws. It would decide the budget and received the power to investigate. The government became accountable to the Chamber. In addition, its sessions were now public.

In 1853, William III called on the government to write a new constitution to limit the powers of the Chamber. The latter refused to approve the government's revisions, and the Grand Duke dissolved the legislature. There was then a brief return to absolutist monarchy, in what became known as the Putsch of 1856. The parliament, now renamed the Assemblée des Etats, retained its legislative powers, but the Grand Duke was no longer required to approve and promulgate its laws within a certain period. Taxes no longer had to be voted on annually, and the permanent budget was re-introduced. The Council of State was created in 1856 as a check on the Chamber. Its role was to render opinions on proposed bills and regulations.

After Luxembourg's neutrality and independence had been affirmed in the Second Treaty of London, in 1868, the constitution was revised to obtain a compromise between the liberties of 1848 and the authoritarian charter of 1856. The parliament was renamed the Chambre des Députés and regained most of the rights it lost in 1856, such as the annual vote on the budget and taxes. However, the King Grand-Duke still kept wide-ranging powers: he exercised executive power, and wielded legislative power alongside the Chamber.

World Wars
The constitutional changes of 1919 brought in universal suffrage and affirmed the principle of national sovereignty. These steps on a pathway of democratisation took place in a period of crisis of the monarchy, famine, and difficulties in supplying food. Grand Duchess Charlotte remained the head of state, and the co-wielder of legislative power.

Most elections between 1922 and 1951 were partial elections. The four constituencies were paired up, North with Centre and South with East, and elections were staggered so that only deputies from one pair of constituencies were up for election at any given time.

During World War II, from 1940 to 1944 under German occupation of Luxembourg, the Chamber was dissolved by the Nazis and the country annexed into the "Gau Moselland". The Grand Ducal family and the Luxembourgish government went into exile, first in the United Kingdom, and later in Canada and the United States.

The first post-war session was opened on 6 December 1944 and was limited to one public sitting, as there was no quorum. A consultative assembly sat from March to August 1945, and new elections were held in October 1945. The post-war Chamber proceeded to revise the constitution again, which abolished the country's state of neutrality.

Since 1945
1965 saw the introduction of parliamentary commissions. The establishment of specialised and permanent commissions would facilitate the work of the legislature. The previous organisation of the Chamber into sections, un-specialised and with members chosen at random, had not been effective. Another innovation concerned political groups. They were now officially recognised, and received premises, and subsidies based on their proportion of seat. These material means were dwarfed by those established in 1990.

Changes to the Chamber's rules in 1990 and 1991 substantially increased the material means available to political groups, and contributed to a professionalisation of politics. In addition, every Deputy had the right to an office close to the Chamber building. The Chamber reimbursed the Deputies' staff expenses. Funds were now also available to "technical groups", following the protests of the small parties at the start of the new session in 1989.

In 2003, a new law established the office of the mediator and ombudsman. This was attached to the Chamber, but would not receive instructions from any authority in exercising his or her functions. They would deal with citizens' complaints concerning the central or local government administration, and other public entities. They would attempt to resolve disputes between parties, acting as a mediator. Every year, they would present a report to the Chamber.

Since January 2008, the political parties have been directly funded by the state. Their accounts were to be strictly separate from those of the parliamentary political groups. There were to be two different structures, each with their own staff. In order to receive public funds, a party must provide evidence of regular political activity, present complete lists of candidates at the legislative and European elections, and have received at least 2% of the vote.

Functions
The function of the Chamber of Deputies is covered under Chapter IV of the Constitution of Luxembourg, the first article of which states that the purpose of the Chamber is to represent the country. Luxembourg is a parliamentary democracy, in which the Chamber is elected by universal suffrage under the d'Hondt method of party-list proportional representation.

All laws must be passed by the Chamber. Each bill must be submitted to two votes in the Chamber, with an interval of at least three months between the votes, for it to become law. Laws are passed by absolute majority, provided that a quorum of half of the deputies is present.

Composition

The Chamber is composed of sixty members, called Deputies (Luxembourgish: Deputéiert ; French: Députés). They each represent one of four constituencies, which are each a combination of at least two cantons. Each constituency elects a number of deputies proportionate to its population, with the largest electing 23 and the smallest electing 7.

Electoral system
Deputies are elected by universal suffrage every five years, with the last election having been held on 8 October 2023. Deputies are elected by open list proportional representation, whereby all electors may vote for as many candidates as their constituency has seats. Each party is allocated a number of seats in proportion to the total number of votes cast for its candidates in that constituency. These seats are then allocated to that party's candidates in descending order of votes that each candidate received.

Hôtel de la Chambre
The Chamber of Deputies holds session in the Hôtel de la Chambre (Luxembourgish: Chambergebai, English: Hall of the Chamber of Deputies), located on Krautmaart (French: Marché aux herbes, English: Herb Market), in the Uewerstad quarter (French: Ville Haute, English: Upper City), the oldest part of Luxembourg City. It was originally built between 1858 and 1860 as an annex to the Grand Ducal Palace, which had, until then, been used as one of many venues for the Chamber's convocations.

The building was designed by Antoine Hartmann in a unified historicist style, combining elements of neo-Gothic, neo-Renaissance, and neo-classical architectural styles. The Grand Ducal Palace, by contrast, was built over time in several architectural styles (primarily Renaissance and Baroque), but renovated in 1891 in a historicist neo-Renaissance manner. The large portrait of Grand Duke Henri was painted by Belgian artist Louis Van Gorp.

Current composition
Government parties are denoted with the letter G, with the Christian Social People's Party holding the office of Prime Minister (Luc Frieden). O stands for opposition.

Members

 * List of members of the Chamber of Deputies of Luxembourg 2004–2009
 * List of members of the Chamber of Deputies of Luxembourg 2009–2013
 * List of members of the Chamber of Deputies of Luxembourg 2013–2018
 * List of members of the Chamber of Deputies of Luxembourg 2018–2023
 * List of members of the Chamber of Deputies of Luxembourg 2023–2028

title: Chamber of Deputies (Luxembourg)


text:
Peebles (disambiguation)

Peebles is a town in Scotland.

Peebles may also refer to:

 * Peebles (surname)
 * Peebles (store), a defunct department store chain in the eastern United States
 * Peebles, Ohio
 * Peebles, Saskatchewan, an organized hamlet in Canada
 * Peebles, Wisconsin, an unincorporated community
 * Peebles' Corner Historic District, Cincinnati, Ohio
 * SS Peebles or SS Gracechurch, a cargo steamship built in 1930 and torpedoed in 1940
 * SS Peebles (1911), a shipwreck in October 1917
 * Peebles, New Zealand, a place in North Otago
 * Peebles Hospital, the main public hospital in the British Virgin Islands
 * Peebles House, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in North Carolina
 * Princess Bubblegum, whose nickname is Peebles in the animated television series Adventure Time, such as the nineteenth episode "Lady & Peebles", of which "Peebles" in the episode title.

title: Peebles (disambiguation)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Alphabetical list of El Granada, California

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Nufy8 22:31, 8 September 2005 (UTC)

Alphabetical list of El Granada, California
The article is just names of random streets and are not notable. It's taking up valuable space on Wiki. UniReb 16:33, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

 * As to taking up valuable space, Wikipedia is not paper. However, it's also not an indiscriminate collection of information, so delete -Satori (talk) 16:43, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per Satori DV8 2XL 17:03, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Wikipedia is not directory, Wikipedia is not a grab-bag of data Pilatus 17:05, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Wikipedia is not an indiscriminate collection of information.Roodog2k 17:14, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * delete ne --TimPope 17:33, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, I'm all for numbered roads, highways, expressways... but random lists of city streets is too much.Gateman1997 18:18, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per Gateman1997 Rhyddfrydol 20:38, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:Arul Pragasam

Real person?
I wondered whether this person was legit - or was an invention of his daughter's PR machine. I have found some references to him so it does seem real. He seems to have been involved in Tamil group EROS and his cadre name was Arular. has a para on EROS. Secretlondon 16:34, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

He has written two books - one a "True History" of the Tamil people and another a poorly-written critique of capitalism. He is an engineer (civil, I believe) who received his undergraduate degree in Moscow. He claims to have trained at one point with the PLO. He is currently a middle-aged (pretty much old by my reckoning) man who failed out of his studies at the University of Cambridge in 2006 where he was pursuing a Master of Philosophy degree in Engineering for Sustainable Development. Oh, while he still goes by "Pragasam" the rest of his name is completely different...I don't feel like looking up his old emails to me to be certain of it. In the spring of 2006 he returned to Sri Lanka. ~ A classmate from Cambridge —Preceding unsigned comment added by 201.238.172.147 (talk) 18:24, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

Notability
This guy's only real notability seems to be in that he is the father of M.I.A. (and Kali Arulpragasam); all the references given are primarily about M.I.A., not this guy. -M.Nelson (talk) 18:34, 7 November 2009 (UTC)

Massacre?
It says "Following the 2009 Vanni massacre,". The definition of a massacre: noun: an indiscriminate and brutal slaughter of many people. verb: deliberately and brutally kill (many people).

It was a war, you can't say either side did this with proof. There were civilian casualties but the general rules of engagement was tiger rebels and government forces fighting each other. I believe that line breaks wiki's NPOV.

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title: Talk:Arul Pragasam


text:
Talk:Kum-tagh Desert

WayneRay 16:34, 31 August 2005 (UTC)WayneRay  cleaned up language and grammar. Paragraphed the thing and it seems much clearer now.

title: Talk:Kum-tagh Desert


text:
Talk:Chrysanthemum tea

Merge?
Is there any reason not to merge this with chrysanthemum? WormRunner | Talk 16:35, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

Other varieties

 * 怀菊 - huáijú
 * 济菊 - jìjú
 * 黄菊 - huángjú
 * 祁菊 - qíjú (maybe from Hebei)
 * 川菊 - chuānjú
 * 平江菊
 * 杂菊等
 * 分为烘菊
 * 蒸菊
 * 晒菊等

Badagnani 05:03, 14 March 2007 (UTC)

More varieties
More varieties listed here. Badagnani 05:15, 14 March 2007 (UTC)

"Pressured flower tea"
What is "pressured flower tea" doing in the box? Badagnani (talk) 02:02, 9 March 2008 (UTC)
 * I originally added it, but it is not really the intended meaning. So it is removed. Benjwong (talk) 06:09, 9 March 2008 (UTC)

Vietnam and Japan
Is this tea drunk in Vietnam or Japan? Badagnani (talk) 02:02, 9 March 2008 (UTC)

clinical studies claims of this article
This article seems to claim that no studies have substantied claims that chrysanthemum clears the liver, but clinical studies have been done in this area, eg http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-YIKE200704018.htm - the wording of the article seems very dismissive. Is there a way to better represent research in tis field? 98.222.141.243 (talk) 09:28, 19 August 2013 (UTC)
 * Of course, claims that no studies have proven anything, also need to be proven. It may be challenging to find research data on this outside of China.
 * Kortoso (talk) 04:58, 8 October 2020 (UTC)

pyrithins
Maybe put something about the physiological effects of ingesting the pyrethrins present in chrysanthemum tea. Surely one can't drink insecticides with no noticeable effects... 71.139.161.30 (talk) 03:26, 7 September 2016 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Chrysanthemum tea


text: Category:Slovenian novelists

title: Category:Slovenian novelists


text:
Talk:American Free Press

RfC
An RfC: Which descriptor, if any, can be added in front of Southern Poverty Law Center when referenced in other articles? has been posted at the Southern Poverty Law Center talk page. Your participation is welcomed. – MrX 16:17, 22 September 2012 (UTC)
 * For future reference, that discussion is archived here. - Location (talk) 03:09, 20 June 2015 (UTC)

NPOV again
This article is clearly biased against the American Free Press perhaps it would be better to add some sources about it containing other points of view from more unbiased sources, or maybe from more sources that argue in favor of the American Free Press.--Underneaththesun (talk) 03:55, 7 January 2018 (UTC)
 * I've moved this to a new section from one above which had not been commented on since 2009. I will respond shortly. Grayfell (talk) 04:10, 7 January 2018 (UTC)

 * What, exactly, are you proposing? Wikipedia doesn't work on false balance, so sources should not be included just because they argue in favor of this paper. Wikipedia's mission is fundamentally opposed to promoting WP:FRINGE perspectives rejected by the academic mainstream, such as Holocaust denialism and similar discredited conspiracy theories. If you have reliable sources which contain information about this work, please present them here.
 * Since there is an ongoing discussion about this, I am removing the template. Such templates are not intended to be "badges of shame", they are to encourage discussion. Grayfell (talk) 04:22, 7 January 2018 (UTC)

I suppose I might have worded my previous statement incorrectly, my point is more about the sources used in this article and that they are biased, As discussed above, groups like the SPLC and ADL are not credible organizations regardless of how many times they are referenced in articles throughout Wikipedia, they themselves fall under the category of fringe organizations for promoting perspectives outside the mainstream, for example the ADL's statements on the Armenian Genocide:
 *

or the SPLC's affair with Ben Carson
 *

See links under the Dispute tags section for more sources.--Underneaththesun (talk) 07:44, 7 January 2018 (UTC)

 * Both the SPLC and ADL are considered generally reliable sources according to past discussions on Wikipedia, such as at WP:RSN and elsewhere. If you have sources specifically about these sources as relates to American Free Press, let's see them, but introducing other issues is not persuasive.
 * A NYT article about the ADL's position on the Armenian Genocide from 10 years ago does absolutely nothing to indicate that they are a fringe group. Did you actually read the entire article? That article indicates that thousands of people were paying attention to what they said and did and weighing it carefully. The article explains that it was a nuanced, complicated issue which the ADL had to clarify, discuss, and partially backtrack on to assuage concerns. This is an indicator of accountability, not an indicator the organization is fringe. Similarly for Ben Carson thing, issuing retractions, as the SPLC did, is a good indicator. This shows that they follow-up and check facts, and retractions are specifically mentioned at WP:RS as a positive sign for evaluating sources.
 * WP:FRINGE doesn't refer to mere minority opinions, it refers to positions that have been actively rejected by most/all reliable experts, and have been proposed by either no experts, or extremely few experts. Holocaust denial is one such theory. Grayfell (talk) 09:55, 7 January 2018 (UTC)

 * Have I got this right? You think we should use racist and/or anti-semitic sources for this? Doug Weller  talk 13:33, 7 January 2018 (UTC)

 * Did you read the entire talk page?--Underneaththesun (talk) 03:53, 8 January 2018 (UTC)

 * Do you know shit from shinola? Beyond My Ken (talk) 03:55, 8 January 2018 (UTC)

I definitely think this article sounds a bit bias against the newspaper. Also, adding some sort of visuals would be greatKalymnia123 (talk) 23:44, 1 February 2018 (UTC)

 * Mainstream sources, which is what our articles generally reflect, are biassed against anti-semitism. An encyclopedia should be expected to show anti-semitic media in a negative way. I'm not clear what your problem is with that. Doug Weller  talk 12:49, 2 February 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:American Free Press


text:
Relex

Relex may refer to:

 * DG RELEX, a Directorate-General of the European Commission
 * Operation Relex
 * RELEX Group, the developer of Linter SQL RDBMS
 * ReLEx SMILE, a type of laser surgery
 * Relex Software, acquired by software company PTC

title: Relex


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Freaks Almighty

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. -Splash 02:15, 10 September 2005 (UTC)

Freaks Almighty
Not notable. No relevant google hits (not even the official website, which presumably means its a very recent invention) DJ Clayworth 16:37, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn DV8 2XL 17:04, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete IINAG 17:35, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep SamsonFro 14:31, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Lixus

Lixus may refer to:

 * lixus, the Latin word for "boiled"
 * Lixus (ancient city) in Morocco
 * Lixus (beetle), a genus of true weevils
 * Lixus (mythology), one of the sons of Aegyptus and Caliadne in Greek mythology, who married (and was murdered by) Cleodora, daughter of Danaus and Polyxo

title: Lixus


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of Hoboken streets

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. -Splash 02:16, 10 September 2005 (UTC)

List of Hoboken streets
This article is a list of random streets and are not notable. It's taking up valuable space on Wiki. UniReb 16:37, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

 * As to taking up valuable space, Wikipedia is not paper. However, it's also not an indiscriminate collection of information, so delete -Satori (talk) 16:44, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per Satori DV8 2XL 17:04, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Wikipedia is not directory, Wikipedia is not a grab-bag of data Pilatus 17:06, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * weak delete Wikipedia is not an indiscriminate collection of information. The road trivia is useful tho.Roodog2k 17:13, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * delete ne --TimPope 17:33, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, go buy a map.Gateman1997 18:18, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - the list I could live without, but the information at the bottom is very at home in wikipedia. I say we should have an article called "Hoboken streets" or something and move the information there.  --Quasipalm 20:27, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Note: This article was kept after a previous vfd. --Andy M. 20:40, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * That was May 2004, more than a year ago. It was suggested to send it to Cleanup to see if it might improve. It didn't; this is the diff: Pilatus 11:12, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. Wikipedia is not an atlas. Sdedeo 21:17, 31 August 2005 (UTC) . There is more than a list. I suggest a merge to the Hoboken, New Jersey article. Sdedeo 21:19, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * merge to Hoboken, New Jersey. Brighterorange 21:50, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - Wikipedia isn't a road map! UniReb 00:04, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per User:Satori. Dpbsmith (talk) 01:40, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * 'Delete as per Satori. Zoe 06:30, September 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, WP:NOT. Proto t c 10:30, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep: This page was already on VfD and kept. Wikipedia isn't a road map, and neither is this page -- it is more than a list 67.85.1.175
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:Data General Eclipse

Comment inserted by user:Jgossel, moved to talk until formatted in proper encyclopedic form:

There is a question of did I name the Eclipse. My Dad Leo Gossel Badge #17 of Data General came home and said "they need a name for the new product". I am sure, I suggested "Eclipse" as the name. I was a young high school student at the time.James F. Gossel 7 Oxford Dr. Saratoga Springs, NY 12866

Data general eclipse
O whoEhuey (talk) 01:52, 27 April 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Data General Eclipse