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José Rizal University

José Rizal University (formerly José Rizal College or JRC), also referred to by its acronym JRU, is a private non-sectarian, non-stock coeducational basic and higher education institution located in Mandaluyong, Metro Manila, Philippines. It was founded in 1919 by Don Vicente Fabella, the Philippines' first certified accountant. José Rizal University is one of the schools situated in the east side of Mandaluyong, the others being the Plaridel Campus of Arellano University and Don Bosco Technical College.

History
José Rizal University was established in 1919 by Vicente Fabella. Fabella was the first Filipino certified public accountant. The university was originally known as Far Eastern College Schools of Accounts, Commerce and Finance and was situated along Arlegui Street. In 1921, it transferred to Hidalgo Street and changed its name to José Rizal College the year after.

It closed operations throughout the Japanese occupation of the Philippines as Fabella joined the guerrilla movement. The closure was also a symbol of opposition against the Japanese. After the Second World War, in 1946, it reopened and moved to its present location in Mandaluyong in 1949.

Originally offering commerce and high school degrees, the college expanded its offerings to include an elementary school, education and liberal arts at the undergraduate level, and law, business administration, public administration, and education at the graduate level. It has its own research publication, the Journal of Business, Education and Law. The college is especially proud of Ramon Magsaysay, who graduated with a bachelor's degree in 1932 and who subsequently became the seventh President of the Philippines.

José Rizal College was granted university status by the Commission on Higher Education in 2000. It was granted autonomous status by CHED "from 6 October 2009 to 5 October 2012".

Law School
The primary purpose of the law school is to prepare men and women to meet the needs of progress and modern technology in the various aspects of the practice of law. These needs call not only for technical skills but also for responsible leadership in the development of the law and the administration of justice. It is in response to these needs that the four-year curriculum leading to the degree of Bachelor of Laws (LL.B.) was offered in 1967.

College
All courses offered in the College Division are recognized by the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) of the Government of the Republic of the Philippines. In addition, the undergraduate programs have been accredited by the Philippine Federation of Accrediting Agencies of the Philippines, and qualified by the Commission on Higher Education and the Department of Education, Culture and Sports.

The collegiate undergraduate programs in Commercial Science, Liberal Arts and Education have been granted Level III accreditation by Philippine Association of Colleges and Universities Commission on Accreditation and the Federation of Accrediting Agencies of the Philippines, and qualified by the Commission on Higher Education.

In addition, the university was granted a deregulated status by the Commission on Higher Education to recognize its commitment and contribution to the promotion of quality education. Only 50 universities in the Philippines have this seal.

High school
Literary and musical programs, convocations featuring noted resource persons, and other social gatherings are frequently held at the campus. Complete computer facilities are provided for the students' hands-on experience.

The High School has an active Student Catholic Action unit. Holy Mass is celebrated every first Friday of the month at the school campus. Religious instruction is conducted on a voluntary arrangement to interested Catholic students. The prayer room is open during school hours, where the students of all denominations may meditate.

The High School student body publishes a school paper, The Scroll, completely managed and edited by students. Students are encouraged to write and publish original articles in this school organ. They are given the opportunity to express themselves freely through writing. Managing the paper imbues the students' minds with the significance of responsibility and work, and plays an important role in the development of a mature student body. A yearbook, The Blue and Gold, is published annually by the senior class.

Students Organizations
There are several of student organizations in the campus, all under the leadership of students with faculty supervision. From time to time, the different organizations sponsor convocations and open forum on subjects of current interest. Notable speakers with special knowledge of the topic are usually invited.

The Central Student Council

The highest student body on the campus, the Central Student Council prepares students for leadership in the community outside the college. It is composed of the officers of the different recognized campus organizations and advised by a senior faculty member. It has the basic task of coordinating student activities in which the whole student body has direct interest.

The Junior Philippine Institute of Accountants (JPIA)

One of the largest college organization in the Philippines, the JRU-JPIA is composed of different students who are taking BSA and BSBA-Accounting. It is an honor society devoted to the promotion of accounting through different programs. Furthermore, it aims to develop accounting students mentally, emotionally and socially as preparation for their journey to become Certified Public Accountant (CPA) in the future.

Athletics
José Rizal University is a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association of the Philippines. It joined the National Collegiate Athletic Association in 1927. The college varsity teams are called the Jose Rizal University Heavy Bombers. The Bombers emblem features a man riding an aerial bomb, with the letters "JRU" ("JRC" when the school was still named José Rizal College) on his face. The school got the name "bombers" because of the rumored underground bombs on the campus area from the country's Japanese period.

"Heavy Bombers" is the title of the men's varsity teams, "Light Bombers" is for the High School teams, and "Lady Bombers" for the women's teams. Jerimiah Jack Arcamo, captain of the Lady Bombers, is set to return from injury in 2022.

University Hymn
Himno José Rizal, or Jose Rizal Hymn, is the university's hymn. The Filipino lyrics was written by Daniel A. Cabaña, a high school student who won the university's hymn writing contest in 1978. It was adopted as the official alma mater song the following year. The melody was set by Restituto Umali, from the U.P. Conservatory of Music (now U.P. College of Music). Both Cabaña and Umali obtained their bachelor's degree in commerce from José Rizal College, which was JRU's previous name.

Notable alumni

 * Ramon Magsaysay, BCS '32 (President of the Philippines, 1953–57)
 * Armand Fabella, MA '53, Chairman-UCPB, Chairman-JRU, Former DepEd Secretary)
 * Gen. Avelino Razon, LLB, Chief of the Philippine National Police
 * Jimmy Santos, TV host and former basketball player the Philippine Basketball Association.
 * Bienvenido Tantoco, BCS, Founder and CEO Rustan's
 * Mel Lopez, former Mayor of Manila, businessman, and PNOC chairman.
 * Gen. Archie Gamboa, LLB, Chief of the Philippine National Police
 * Roderick Paulate, Actor and TV host, and former Councilor, 2nd District Quezon City.
 * John Marion R. Wilson, basketball player in the Philippine Basketball Association.
 * Vergel Meneses, former basketball player for the JRU Heavy Bombers in the NCAA and the Philippine Basketball Association.
 * Philip Cezar, (born December 1, 1951) is a retired Filipino professional basketball player in the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA). He was part of the fabled Crispa Redmanizers ballclub that won two PBA Grand Slams, in 1976 and 1983. He won the Most Valuable Player award in 1980. He was also a many-time Philippine national team player in the 1970s. He was also known by the monikers Tapal King and The Scholar.

title: José Rizal University


text:
Emine Sevgi Özdamar

Emine Sevgi Özdamar (born 10 August 1946) is a writer, director, and actress of Turkish origin who resides in Germany and has resided there for many years. Özdamar's art is distinctive in that it is influenced by her life experiences, which straddle the countries of Germany and Turkey throughout times of turmoil in both. One of her most notable accomplishments is winning the 1991 Ingeborg Bachmann Prize.

Özdamar's literary work has received much recognition and scholarly attention. A lover of poetry, she found great inspiration in the works of Heinrich Heine and Bertolt Brecht, especially from an album of the latter's songs which she had bought in the 1960s in Berlin. She later decided to study with Brecht's disciple Benno Besson in Berlin, where she resides.

Personal life
Emine Sevgi Özdamar was born 10 August 1946 in Malatya, Turkey. She grew up with her grandparents and lived in the Turkish cities of Istanbul and Bursa. In 1965, she travelled to Berlin for the first time and got a job in a factory there. She originally came to Germany to be near her older brother, Ali, who studied in Switzerland at the time; it was easier to move to Germany than to Switzerland. Özdamar had acted and performed plays since she was twelve years old and originally wanted to do both when she came to Europe: acting and seeing her brother. Özdamar's parents were against their 18-year-old daughter's plan, but gave in eventually.

Özdamar lived in a residence in West Berlin with 120 other Turkish women. Initially she did not speak a word of German, so she faced the challenges of learning the language as an adult. Özdamar began by memorizing street names and headlines of newspapers without knowing the actual meaning behind them. After seven months, her father finally paid for her to take language classes at the Goethe Institute in order to learn the language properly.

Özdamar still wanted to become an actress, so she went back to Istanbul after two years, where she started to take acting lessons and got her first big roles in theatre productions. In 1971, a military coup in Istanbul resulted in persecution of citizens and had a great effect on citizens' freedom of speech. Due to this coup, in 1976 Özdamar moved back to Germany and fell in love with the German language and authors like Bertolt Brecht. She worked as a director's assistant for the Volksbühne in East Berlin, while living in West Berlin. While touring with a play she also lived in France for another two years, before coming back to Germany and working at a theatre in Bochum in 1979. She currently lives in Kreuzberg, Berlin with her husband Karl Kneidl.

Major works
In 1990, Özdamar published her debut short stories collection, Mutterzunge (Mothertongue). It was named "International Book of the Year" by the Times Literary Supplement. The short stories explore the identity of a Turkish woman living in Germany and how inextricably linked to language this identity is. The narrator has lost her mother tongue, Turkish, and speaks fluent, but flawed, German. The narrator remembers an occasion when she and her mother were speaking Turkish, "Meine Mutter sagte mir: 'Weißt du, du sprichst so, du denkst, daß du alles erzählst, aber plötzlich springst du über nichtgesagte Wörter'" (My mother said to me: 'You know, you talk as though you think you're telling me everything, but you suddenly jump over unsaid words'). Özdamar points out that with "tongue", she did not mean language, but the physical tongue in her mother's mouth, "ein warmes Körperteil, die Liebesquelle meiner Sprache, meiner Gefühle, meiner Kindheit, meiner Jugend." ("the warm body part, the love source of my language, my feelings, my childhood, my adolescence.")

Emine Sevgi Özdamar's first novel, Das Leben ist eine Karawanserei hat zwei Türen aus einer kam ich rein aus der anderen ging ich raus (Life is a Caravanserai : Has Two Doors I Went in One I Came out the Other), published in 1992, earned her the prestigious Ingeborg Bachmann prize (1991) for single chapters from the novel. This made her the first author of Turkish origin to win the prize and gained her international recognition as a novelist. In the novel, the unnamed first narrator traces life from childhood and adolescence in Turkey, to moving from one place in Turkey to another as the father searches for employment, and at last to the narrator's final departure from her family to Germany in order to start a new life. The text is impressionistic, filled with immediacy and sensual narration, but makes no attempt to unify these episodes.

The first novel ends there, where the second one, Die Brücke vom Goldenen Horn (The Bridge of the Golden Horn), published in 1998, begins: the 19 year old leaving for Germany. She travels by train to Berlin and stays there as a guest worker. It is the 1960s, the time of free love and student protests. She eventually travels back to Turkey, where she recognizes that her absence has changed everything. After that, in 2001, Özdamar publishes another short story collection, Der Hof im Spiegel (The Courtyard in the Mirror). The narrator observes through the window of her apartment. There are cities: Berlin, Amsterdam, Istanbul. Or a theatre. A train full of guest workers. The living room of an old man. The narrator is standing in the kitchen, on the phone, and watching life in the courtyard happen in her mirror. The mirror also holds all the dead. She speaks of „her Berlin", the first and the second Berlin (separated by 9 years of distance, the first being West-Berlin, the second East-Berlin), the impressions of Istanbul; she speaks of death, of love, of sorrow, of pleasure, and does so while moving through space and time.

Her novel, 2003, Seltsame Sterne starren zur Erde (Strange Stars Stare at the Earth), describes Özdamar's time working at the Volksbühne theatre in East-Berlin. She lives in Wedding and finds herself in No Man's Land between East and West Berlin. At the time (1970's), Istanbul was fraught with unrest. Certain things were not allowed to be said; Özdamar has found a place for these words to be said on the stage in the theatre in Berlin.

Her 2007 book Kendi Kendinin Terzisi Bir Kambur, Ece Ayhan'lı anılar, 1974 Zürih günlüğü, Ece Ayhan'ın mektupları (The Hunchback as his own Tailor, Memories of Ece Ayhan: The Zurich Diary of 1974 and Letters from Ece Ayhan) was her first to be written in Turkish. It draws upon diary entries connected to her friendship with director Vasif Öngören.

In 2021, Özdamar published the novel Ein von Schatten begrenzter Raum to much critical acclaim, with RBB Kultur reporter Katharina Döbler describing it as "magnificent" and it landing on the shortlist for the 2022 Leipzig Book Fair Prize.

Major themes
Migration "I am a person who prefers to be in transit. My favourite place is to sit on the train between the countries. The train is a beautiful home."

Özdamar's work is often partially autobiographical. The train between Germany and Turkey, between Europe and Asia is the landscape, which closely describes the life and the work of Emine Sevgi Özdamar. In her most autobiographical texts, Özdamar takes the reader with her on these train journeys between two worlds, where one can experience the complexity of feelings and impressions that come with migration, with moving to a new space, returning to the old, and finding oneself in-between strangeness and familiarity. „Özdamar has made migration a key conceptual and aesthetic programme in her work", so the jury states after congratulating Özdamar on winning the 2001 Nordrhein-Westfalen artist award (Künstlerinnenpreis).

Identity, German-Turkish Identity

Özdamar's prose "often calls attention to the heterogeneity of Turkish culture and so represents an important intervention in the nationalist discourses of 'Turkishness' circulating in both Turkey and Germany." In her short story collection Der Hof im Spiegel (Courtyard in the Mirror, 2001), for example, she writes „Ich liebe das Wort Gastarbeiter, ich sehe immer zwei Personen vor mir. Einer ist Gast und sitzt da, der andere arbeitet" (I love the word guest-worker, I always see two people in front of me. One is a guest and sits there; the other one works). Özdamar's texts also undermine any notion of an 'original' Turkish identity; her texts are concerned with tradition and its decontextualization, and raise questions of what role tradition plays in the formation of identity.

Modern Scholarship and Interpretations

Özdamar's winning of the Ingeborg Bachmann Prize led to a wide reaching discussion on what constitutes German literature and Emine Sevgi Özdamar became the "leading light" of what is called Turkish-German literature. This insular and limited term has been critiqued by Özdamar herself, who would rather be seen as an individual than part of a category. Early scholarship often looked at Özdamar's work through a sociological lens focusing on language, identity and life writing. In the 2000s, Özdamar's work was more closely interlinked with postcolonial theory and accentuated her dealing with memory, translation and intertextuality. Later perspectives through which Özdamar's work was reflected on take on a more philosophical and aesthetic form and bring her in conversation with thinkers and artists such as Deleuze and Guattari or the early Surrealists.

Style and influences
One of Özdamar's identifiers is her unique language, which she created partially through a literal translation of Turkish expressions or catchwords, through playing with philosophical and literary quotations, and the Broken German used by the guest workers. The result was: "Deutschland, ein Wörtermärchen " (Germany, a Words-Fairytale—a play on Heine's Deutschland. Ein Wintermärchen). "Damals kam ich auf die Idee von Deutschland als Tür, durch die man hinein- oder hinausgeht. Und auf die Frage: Was passiert dabei mit der Sprache?" (Back then, an idea came to me of Germany as a door, through which one walks in or walks out. And I thought of the question: What happens to language then?", she says in a lively Café in Berlin-Kreuzberg.

Influences include Faulkner, Joyce, Wilder, Tennessee Williams, Joseph Conrad, Böll and Brecht, and contemporary Turkish poets such as Can Yücel, Ece Ayhan, Orhan Veli and Jewish-German poet Else Lasker-Schüler."Durch sie habe ich eine Zeit erfahren, nach der ich immer Sehnsucht hatte, die Zeit vor den Katastrophen."(Through her I experienced a time I had always longed for, the time before the catastrophes.), Özdamar recounts.

Acting/Directing Career
Upon her return to Istanbul in 1967, Özdamar enrolled in a well-known acting school until 1970. Her interests were already present before her initial period in Germany, but was only further solidified through an encounter with a left-wing Turkish director in Berlin, Vasif Öngören. In Turkey, she would also go on to star in Öngören's Turkish productions of Peter Weiss's Marat/Sade and Bertolt Brecht's Mann ist Mann, amongst others. It was at this time that she also became involved in the Turkish workers' party. This, however, came to an end with the Turkish military putsch of 1971. Diaries of this friendship form the basis of her most recent book and also first of her prose to be written in Turkish, Kendi Kendinim Terzisi Bir Kambur, Ece Ayhan'lı anılar, 1974 Zürih günlüğü, Ece Ayhan'ın makrupları (The Hunchback as his own Tailor, Memories of Ece Ayhan: The Zurich Diary of 1974 and Letters from Ece Ayhan).

When Özdamar returned to Germany in 1976, she secured a position as director's assistant at the well-known Volksbühne theatre to Swiss director Benno Besson. There she worked very closely within Brecht's theatrical practice with people such as Matthias Langhoff, Manfred Karge and Heiner Müller, before moving for a short time to France to continue working with Besson and study for a PhD in theatre. Özdamar's connection to theatre persisted into the 1980s with a certain period spent as director's assistant and actress at Claus Peymann's Bochumer Ensemble in West Germany. The interesting intersection of East-German Post-Brechtian theatre together with German-influence Turkish schools of the 1960s and 1970s is evident in both Özdamar's writing style for theatre as well as diverse theatre performances. She has also acted in various films depicting Turkish-Germany, earning herself the title "Mutter aller Filmtürken" (Mother of all Turks on Film).

Awards

 * Ingeborg Bachmann Prize (1991)
 * Walter-Hasenclever-Literaturpreis (1993)
 * New-York Scholarship of the Literaturfonds Darmstadt (1995)
 * Adelbert-von-Chamisso-Preis (1999)
 * Künstlerinnenpreis NRW (2001)
 * Stadtschreiber von Bergen (2003)
 * Kleist Prize (2004)
 * Kunstpreis Berlin (Fontane Prize) (2009)
 * Carl Zuckmayer Medal (2010)
 * Alice Salomon Poetic Prize (2012)
 * Roswitha Prize (2021)
 * Bayerischer Buchpreis (2021)
 * Düsseldorfer Literaturpreis (2022)
 * Georg Büchner Prize (2022)
 * Schiller Prize of the City of Mannheim (2022)

Works

 * Karagöz in Alamania, (play, 1982)
 * Mutterzunge, (short stories, 1990, ISBN 3-88022-106-5) The issue Maman/Mutter 2018 of the literary review la mer gelée published a version of the story Mutterzunge  (in German, together with a French translation), slightly corrected by the author.
 * Keleoğlan in Alamania, (play, 1991)
 * Das Leben ist eine Karawanserei hat zwei Türen aus einer kam ich rein aus der anderen ging ich raus, (novel, 1992, ISBN 3-462-02319-5) engl. "Life is a Caravanserai Has Two Doors I Went in One I Came out the Other" tr. Luise von Flotow UMiddlesex Press 2000.
 * Die Brücke vom Goldenen Horn, (novel, 1998, ISBN 3-7632-4802-1), engl. The Bridge of the Golden Horn, publisher: Serpent's Tail, 2009, ISBN 1-85242-932-1
 * Der Hof im Spiegel, (short stories, 2001, ISBN 3-462-03001-9)
 * Seltsame Sterne starren zur Erde, (novel, 2003, ISBN 3-462-03212-7)
 * Kendi Kendinin Terzisi Bir Kambur, Ece Ayhan'lı anılar, 1974 Zürih günlüğü, Ece Ayhan'ın makrupları. (2007, ISBN 978-975-08-1305-4)
 * Ein von Schatten begrenzter Raum, (novel, 2021, Suhrkamp ISBN 3-518-43008-4)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Emine Sevgi Özdamar


text: Category:People of Tamil Nadu

title: Category:People of Tamil Nadu


text:
Dalbeattie Star F.C.

Dalbeattie Star Football Club is a Scottish association football club based in Dalbeattie, Dumfries and Galloway. It currently competes in the.

The club had previously played in the Lowland League. Home matches are played at Islecroft Stadium in Dalbeattie, and as an SFA member they also play in the Scottish Cup.

History
The club was founded in 1905 but folded in 1948. It was re-formed in 1976, playing in the South of Scotland League.

In 2001 Dalbeattie joined the East of Scotland League, playing in the league for eight seasons and finishing as runners-up in 2008–09, before returning to the South of Scotland League.

They reached the third round of the 2008–09 Scottish Cup, before losing to Highland League side Forres Mechanics 2–4 after extra time, following a very creditable 2–2 draw at Mosset Park.

The Star finished runners-up behind Threave Rovers in their first season back in the South of Scotland League, and the Castle Douglas side prevailed again in 2010–11. Although pushed all the way, a 0–2 home defeat by Threave in the penultimate game of the season tipped the title race in favour of the champions.

In 2011–12, Dalbettie won the South of Scotland League for the first time since 1988–89, finishing the league season unbeaten having won 21 of the 24 matches. The title was clinched with a 1–1 draw away to Threave Rovers, the defending champions. As well as the league, the Star also won four cups – the Challenge Cup, League Cup, Potts Cup and the Haig Gordon Cup, meaning the 2011–12 season was one of the best ever in the club's history.

The following season, 2012–13, Star retained the league title with a couple of games to spare, though their long unbeaten league was ended (41 games). The South of Scotland Challenge Cup and the League Cup were also retained with wins over Nithsdale Wanderers and Threave Rovers, and the Tweedie Cup was won with another victory over Threave.

In the summer of 2013 Star joined the newly formed Lowland League. In the inaugural season of the league Star finished a creditable third and though 2013–14 was not trophy laden like the previous two seasons, significant progress was made on the park with some excellent results and performances. There were big disappointments as well, none more so than a second SFA South Region Challenge Cup final defeat in a row, this time to East Kilbride (0–2) at Palmerston. The following season the club finished fourth in the league but again missed out on silverware in the cups. Manager Paul McGinley announced in February that he would be stepping down at the end of the season. Darren Kerr was named as the new boss for 2015–16 season. In his four years in charge, Star won the South of Scotland Challenge Cup twice (2016–17 & 2017–18) and held on to their Lowland League status. At the end of season 2018–19 Kerr left the club by mutual consent and was replaced by Ritchie Maxwell, who had enjoyed a highly successful nine-year spell as a player at Islecroft.

In 2021–22 Star won their first five league matches and briefly sat top of the Lowland League though they would end the term 12th. The club enjoyed their best Scottish Cup run for a number of years including a first away win over a Highland League side when they beat Rothes 1–0. Midway through the season manager Ritchie Maxwell announced he would have to step down due to a change in his work circumstances and his assistant Chris Jardine took over for the remainder. He led the team to Southern Counties Challenge Cup success beating Caledonian Braves 3–2 in the final at Galabank. He too had to turn the job down due to work and Jordan Williamson was announced as the new manager for season 2022–23 after leading St. Cuthbert Wanderers to the South league title. Unfortunately things did not work out well under Williamson's leadership and he was soon replaced by Eddie Warwick. However Star's ten-year stay in the Lowland League eventually came to an end with relegation and a return to the South of Scotland League.

In season 2023–24, Star won the South of Scotland League title.

Ground
Dalbeattie Star play their home matches at Islecroft Stadium, in the northeast of the town. It has a capacity of 1,320 and features a 100-seater stand. Floodlights were added in 2016.

Current squad
As of 13 June 2024

Lowland League
† Season curtailed due to coronavirus pandemic.

Honours

 * South of Scotland League
 * Winners (12): 1924–25, 1929–30, 1930–31, 1931–32, 1932–33, 1933–34, 1984–85, 1985–86, 1988–89, 2011–12, 2012–13, 2023–24
 * Southern Counties Cup
 * Winners (12): 1906–07, 1908–09, 1924–25, 1930–31, 1933–34, 1992–93, 2006–07, 2008–09, 2011–12, 2012–13, 2016–17, 2017–18, 2021–22
 * South of Scotland League Cup
 * Winners 1988–89, 1992–93, 2010–11, 2011–12, 2012–13
 * East of Scotland League Cup
 * Winners: 2008–09
 * Potts Cup
 * Winners 1924–25, 1932–33, 1982–83, 1985–86, 1991–92, 1992–93, 1998–99, 1999–00, 2011–12
 * J Haig Gordon Memorial Trophy
 * Winners 1977–78, 1983–84, 1988–89, 2011–12
 * Cree Lodge Cup
 * Winners 1980–81, 1984–85
 * Tweedie Cup
 * Winners 1999–00, 2012–13
 * James Brown Fair Play Trophy
 * Winners 1987–88, 1989–90, 1990–91, 1991–92, 2004–05, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2011–12
 * Detroit Trophy (Overall)
 * Winners 1983–84 (share with Annan), 1984–85, 1988–89, 1991–92, 1992–93, 2011–12, 2012–13
 * South of Scotland Cup
 * Winners 1929–30, 1930–31
 * Dumfries & Galloway Cup
 * Winners 1911–12, 1927–28, 1928–29, 1930–31

title: Dalbeattie Star F.C.


text:
User:Arabani/Scarlet Crusade (WIP)

In the fictional Warcraft Universe, The Scarlet Crusade is an organization of religious zealots who combat the undead (Scourge and Forsaken alike) that control Lordaeron. Their mission is the complete eradication of the undead from Lordaeron, so that it may be reclaimed by the humans and restored to its past glory. The Crusade was formed in the aftermath of Lordaeron's fall by Grand Inquisitor Isillien and High General Abbendis. In the course of eradicating the undead, the Crusade has killed countless innocents suspected of carrying the plague of undeath. In their madness, the Crusaders have failed to recognize that they are following the same path that led to Arthas's fall from grace.

History of the Crusade
After Sir Uther Lightbringer was betrayed and killed by his former apprentice Arthas, the Order of the Knights of the Silver Hand was decimated by the Scourge's undead armies and ceased to exist. The few surviving Knights of the Silver Hand remained in Lordaeron, destroying what undead they could.

Isillien and Abbendis, both formerly high-ranking officials of the Silver Hand, were amongst the survivors. Despite the fact that both were quite insane, they managed to attract warriors to their holy cause of eradicating the undead. They were soon joined by the paladin Taelan Fordring, one of Isillien's protégés, who offered his family's keep and lands as a base of operations for the Crusade.

After a one month quarantine of the Crusade's warriors and priests to ensure that there were no Scourge infiltrators amongst the crusaders, the Scarlet Crusade began hunting the undead in earnest. Abbendis took most of the Crusaders with him to Tyr's Hand in the Eastern Plaguelands, from which the Crusade struck at the undead controlling the city of Stratholme, once the headquarters of the Knights of the Silver Hand.

In the course of fighting the undead, the Crusade killed countless refugees fleeing the horrors of the Scourge. The madness and zealotry of the Crusaders causes them to regard any non-Crusader as undead, carriers of the Scourge's plague of undeath, or even undead sympathizers, and thus deserving of death. As a result of these indiscriminate killings, travelers are advised to stay clear of Crusaders, while the Alliance and the Church of Holy Light, despite being considered allies by the Scarlet Crusade, distance thmselves from the Crusade's activities.

Organization
The Crusade has approximately 12000 members, most of them based in Tyr's Hand, as Isillien has declared the Eastern Plaguelands to be the focus of the Crusade's attacks. Many of the Crusaders have seen loved ones struck down, only to rise up again as mindless undead. The Crusade is organized along military lines, with Highlord Abbendis commanding the military operations, while Grand Inquisitor Issilien leads the priests in the questioning and torture of suspected undead.

Those that have battled undead rise quickly through the ranks. Dissent is not tolerated, for the Crusaders cannot understand how any reasonable human might be opposed to the Crusade's actions against the undead. As a result, while the Crusaders may not be in complete agreement over how they accomplish their goals, they are kept in line by fear of their superiors' wrath.

Bases of Operation
The Scarlet Crusade operates several bases throughout the Plaguelands and Tirisfal Glade.

Hearthglen
Located in the north of the Western Plaguelands, this rural community was once the Fordring family's ancestral holdings. It was offered by Taelan Fordring to the Crusade for use as the headquarters of the Western wing of the Crusade. It is currently commanded by Grand Inquisitor Isillien and Highlord Taelan Fordring.

The Scarlet Monastery
Located in Tirisfal Glade, the Monastery served as a center of knowledge, learning, and the Holy Lightm in Lordaeron before the Third War and the coming of the Scourge. With the rise of the undead, it was converted into one of the Scarlet Crusade's major strongholds. It is currently commanded by High Inquisitor Whitemane and her champion, Scarlet Commander Mograine.

Stratholme
A small contingent of Abbendis's troops, led by Grand Crusader Dethrohan, managed to wrest control of Stratholme's cathedral from the undead roaming the city. From there, they strike against the udnead controlling the vast majority of Stratholme. Unbeknownst to the Crusaders, Dethrohan is possessed by the demonic dreadlord Balnazzar.

Tyr's Hand
A small community in the Eastern Plaguelands, it serves as the main base of operations for the Eastern wing of the Crusade. High General Abbendis took the majority of the Crusade's soldiers there in order to strike at the Scourge-controlled city of Stratholme.

title: User:Arabani/Scarlet Crusade (WIP)


text:
MESM

MESM (Ukrainian: MEOM, Мала Електронна Обчислювальна Машина; Russian: МЭСМ, Малая Электронно-Счетная Машина; 'Small Electronic Calculating Machine') was the first universally programmable electronic computer in the Soviet Union. By some authors it was also depicted as the first one in continental Europe, even though the electromechanical computers Zuse Z4 and the Swedish BARK preceded it.

Overview
MESM was created by a team of scientists under the direction of Sergei Alekseyevich Lebedev from the Kiev Institute of Electrotechnology in the Ukrainian SSR, at Feofaniya (near Kyiv).

Initially, MESM was conceived as a layout or model of a Large Electronic Calculating Machine and letter "M" in the title meant "model" (prototype).

Work on the machine was research in nature, in order to experimentally test the principles of constructing universal digital computers. After the first successes and in order to meet the extensive governmental needs of computer technology, it was decided to complete the layout of a full-fledged machine capable of "solving real problems". MESM became operational in 1950. It had about 6,000 vacuum tubes and consumed 25 kW of power. It could perform approximately 3,000 operations per minute.

Creation and operation history
$$
 * Principal computer architecture scheme was ready by the end of 1949. As well as a few schematic diagrams of an individual blocks.
 * In 1950 the computer was mounted in a two-story building of the former hostel of a convent in Feofania, where a psychiatric hospital was located before the Second World War.
 * November 6, 1950: team performed the first test launch. Test task was: $$f(n) = \begin{cases} Y\prime\prime+Y=0 \\ Y(0)=0 \\ Y(\pi)=0 \end{cases}
 * January 4, 1951: First useful calculations performed. Calculate the factorial of a number, raise number in a power. Computer was shown to special commission of the USSR State Academy of Sciences. Team was led by Mstislav Keldysh.
 * December 25, 1951: Official government testing passed successfully. USSR Academy of Sciences and Mstislav Keldysh began regular operation of the MESM.
 * It was operated until 1957, and then transferred to Kyiv Polytechnic Institute for training purposes
 * 1959: MESM dismantled. Boris Malinovsky recalled:
 * “Computer was split into pieces, which were used to build series of stands, after all all of them was thrown away.”

Many of the electron tubes and other components left from MESM are stored in the Foundation for the History and Development of Computer Science and Technology in the Kiev House of Scientists of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.

System specification

 * Arithmetic Logic Unit
 * universal
 * parallel action
 * flip-flop based
 * Number representation
 * binary
 * fixed points 16-n bits per number plus with one sign bit
 * Instructions
 * 20 binary bits per command
 * The first 4 bits - operation code
 * The next 5 bits - first operand address another 5 it the second operand address
 * The last 6 bits - operation result address
 * Following instruction types supported
 * addition
 * add with carry
 * subtraction
 * multiplication
 * division
 * binary shifts
 * comparison taking into account mark
 * absolute value comparison
 * transfer of control
 * magnetic drum read
 * stop
 * RAM
 * Flip-flop based
 * Data and code separated
 * 31 machine words for data
 * 63 machine words for code
 * ROM
 * 31 machine words for data
 * 63 machine words for code
 * Clock rate
 * 5 kHz
 * Performance
 * About 3000 operations per minute (total time of one cycle is 17.6 ms; division operation takes from 17.6 to 20.8 ms)

The computer was built using 6000 vacuum tubes where about 3500 were triodes and 2500 were diodes. The system occupied 60 m2 (646 square feet) of space and used about 25 kW of power.

Data was read from punched cards or typed using a plug switch. It additionally could use a magnetic drum that stored up to 5000 codes of numbers or commands.

An electromechanical printer or photo device was used for output.

title: MESM


text:
Easthouses Lily Miners Welfare F.C.

Easthouses Lily Miners Welfare Football Club are a Scottish football club, based in the Midlothian town of Easthouses. The team currently plays in the, having moved from the junior leagues in 2018. The club was formed in 1950, following the establishment of the Easthouses Colliery earlier in the 20th century. Home matches are played at Newbattle Complex.

In May 2019 the club became a full member of Scottish Football Association.

Original Junior club
Easthouses Lily F.C. were originally formed in 1950 and competed in the Edinburgh and District Junior League, a forerunner of today's East Region Junior leagues.

Their first season as a Junior club was 1950–51 and was their best, finishing as runners-up to Newtongrange Star in the Mid/East Division, with Star going onto lift the Championship after beating West Division winners Camelon Juniors in the play-off.

The following few seasons saw finishes in the top half of the league including fourth place in 1953–54, however life was always difficult living in the shadow of neighbours Bonnyrigg Rose Athletic, Newtongrange Star and Dalkeith Thistle, and the bottom half of the table gradually became the norm.

Season 1958–59 saw the club reach the Quarter-Finals of the Scottish Junior Cup. A 3–1 win in the first round over local rivals Dalkeith Thistle was followed up with a 4–3 win at Camelon in the second, they received a bye in the third round, the fourth round Lily recorded a 4–1 win at Murray Park over Inverurie Locos before a narrow 1–0 home win over West Calder United in the fifth round led to a Quarter Final meeting at Shettleston, which they lost 3–0. Shettleston went on to lose the final at Hampden to Irvine Meadow.

The following season the fourth round was reached after wins over Nairn Thistle, Dundonald Bluebell plus another bye, leading to a meeting with Ardeer Thistle in Ayshire which they lost 6–2.

However that turned out to be a couple of rare bright spots and after four successive seasons finishing second bottom with a dramatic fall in attendance numbers, the club encountered difficulties and they were left with no option but to fold at the end of season 1964–65.

After a break of a season a new club, Easthouses & Mayfield United joined the Mid/East Division for season 1966–67 and brought Junior football back to the town, but they only registered 10 league wins in three seasons and withdrew at the end of season 1968–69.

Rebirth
However that year a group of local friends (James Forrest, James (Cobie) Lamb, Brian McGuff, Robert Paul and George Peacock) reformed the original Easthouses Lily. They began life as members of the Scottish Welfare Football Association, playing in the Lothian Welfare FA and quickly found success by winning numerous pieces of silverware.

Perhaps the club's greatest achievement at that time was reaching the semi-final of the prestigious Scottish Welfare Cup in 1978, where they met Singers F.C. of Clydebank. However, in front of a 2000+ crowd at King's Park, Dalkeith, they lost 2–1 to the side who would eventually go on to lift the trophy.

In 1981, the club joined the ranks of the East Of Scotland Football Association and the East of Scotland Football League where they played at Murray Park, Easthouses. Their first match was a derby against Whitehill Welfare, where a very respectable performance saw them draw 1–1 thanks to a Davy McWhinnie goal. Four days later, the first home game drew a large crowd, who witnessed an eventful, but goalless draw with Civil Service Strollers. Having made Murray Park something of a fortress, the Lily were forced to find a new home when the owners, Murray Brewers, decided to sell the land to a housing developer. The club transferred its matches to the nearby Newbattle Complex, where they remain to this day.

After changing the name to Easthouses Lily Miners Welfare Football Club in 1989, the club enjoyed a ‘golden’ era. The first of three First Division Championships was won in 1990–91, and this was quickly followed by the Premier Division in 1991–92. The Lily are the only club to have achieved back-to-back First and Premier titles since league reconstruction in 1987.

The Alex Jack Cup was also won in 1990–91 and began something of a love affair with the trophy, capturing it again in 1998–99, 2004–05 and 2006–07 and finishing runner-up in 1991–92, 1999–00 and 2001–02. The Lily were also runners-up in the League Cup in 2005–06.

League moves
Easthouses left the East of Scotland League at the end of the 2014–15 season to join the Scottish Junior Football Association, East Region, citing a new challenge as the motive. At the same time, the club also joined other local youth and amateur sides as part of a wider Easthouses Community Club project. Easthouses returned to the East of Scotland Football League in 2018, as part of a larger movement of junior clubs in the east.

Managers
The team has been managed since January 2003 by David McQueenie.

Notable players
After signing for Lily from Juvenile football and playing the 1951–52 season, Goalkeeper Willie Duff signed for Heart of Midlothian in August 1952 for £200 and went on to win a Scottish Cup and a League Cup winners medal before moving to Charlton Athletic and Peterborough United. He moved back to Scotland with Dunfermline Athletic and helped them reach the European Cup Winners Cup semi-final in 1969.

Another goalkeeper, George Ramage signed for Third Lanark in 1957 before moving south to join Colchester United and eventually finish his career in Australia.

John Fowler signed by Benny Fenton at Colchester United in 1955 he went on to appear 442 times for the "Us".

Honours
East of Scotland Football League Premier Division East of Scotland Football League First Division Alex Jack Cup
 * Winners: 1991–92
 * Winners (3): 1990–91, 1998–99, 2004–05
 * Winners (4): 1990–91, 1998–99, 2004–05, 2006–07

title: Easthouses Lily Miners Welfare F.C.


text:
Dan Ahdoot

Dan Kamyar Ahdoot (דן אחדות) is an American actor, writer, and comedian. He is known for his TV appearances on Netflix's Cobra Kai, Disney's Kickin' It, Showtime's Shameless, and the Seeso series Bajillion Dollar Propertie$. He has also developed TV shows for CBS, Fox, Hulu, Freeform, and Pop.

Early life
Ahdoot was born to an observant Iranian Jewish family in Great Neck, New York. His family comes from Isfahan, with his father coming to the US via Israel. Speaking on his upbringing, he said: "I grew up in Great Neck, New York, which is actually a hotbed of Iranian Jewry, so I didn't really know that I was very different until I went to college." His family kept kosher at home and attended synagogue on Saturdays for Shabbat which his family got together. Although he described his beliefs as agnostic, he identifies as culturally Jewish. He completed pre-med studies at Johns Hopkins University, and was accepted into medical school, but ultimately decided to pursue stand-up comedy instead.

Career
Ahdoot has developed television shows for CBS, FOX, Hulu, Freeform, and Pop! He has also written for various Comedy Central Roasts.

Ahdoot is best known for his work on the series Bajillion Dollar Propertie$ where he played the ruthless real estate agent Amir Yaghoob. He has also acted on Showtime's Shameless, ABC's Super Fun Night, and Falafel Phil on the Disney XD show Kickin' It. Ahdoot was also in an episode of Workaholics playing a worker at a computer store.

Ahdoot performs regularly at the Laugh Factory in Hollywood, and is a national headlining comedian. He has performed on The Tonight Show, NBC's Last Comic Standing, Last Call with Carson Daly, and Comedy Central's Premium Blend.

Ahdoot is the host of the food podcast Green Eggs and Dan. He has been a guest on Spontaneanation with Paul F. Tompkins and Comedy Bang! Bang! with Scott Aukerman.

Discography

 * hate me, or HATE ME (2006)

title: Dan Ahdoot


text:
User talk:Crima

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --User:Deepak gupta 05:42, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Crima


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Glideway (0th nomination)

This is an article about why we should use glideways. Not an article about what a glideway is. Boojum 05:43, 19 August 2005 (UTC)


text:
Edinburgh University A.F.C.

Edinburgh University Association Football Club are a football club representing the University of Edinburgh. Established in 1878, they are third oldest club in East of Scotland football and have been a member of the Scottish Football Association (SFA) since that year. Edinburgh University are eligible to compete in the Scottish Cup every season as they are full members of the SFA. The club's present home is at Peffermill, where it has played since its move from Canal Field in 1978.

History
A group describing itself as "The Edinburgh University Foot Ball Club" played three matches in 1851. On the 25th of January, it played against the 93rd regiment, awarding medals to the winning team of the Regiment. No further activity by the club was documented for over a decade.

The Club won its first trophy, the Edinburgh Shield in 1883. Historically it is the most successful footballing university in Scotland. The club has won the Edinburgh Shield once, the Queen's Park Shield 26 times (including eight successive wins from 1973–74 to 1981–82),the East of Scotland Amateur Cup once, the Scottish Qualifying Cup (South) once, the East of Scotland Qualifying Cup three times, the British University Sports Association (BUSA) Cup once and the King Cup three times.

The most recent achievements of the club include winning the East of Scotland Qualifying Cup in 2005, and finishing in second position in the East of Scotland Premier Division in 2007–08. In October 2006, the side beat Vale of Leithen 3–0 to reach the first round proper of the Scottish Cup for the first time since 1972–73. In November 2006, they defeated Keith to proceed to the second round of the Scottish Cup for only the second time in the club's history, and 106 years after their first appearance at this stage. The team's 2006 cup run was halted by Cowdenbeath, who defeated the university 5–1 at Central Park on 9 December 2006. After the Scottish Qualifying Cup was abolished, Edinburgh University gained direct entry to the Scottish Cup as a full member of the SFA. Receiving a random bye in the first round, Edinburgh University beat Deveronvale in the second round before losing to Cove Rangers in the third round.

The club was admitted to the Lowland Football League for the 2014–15 season. Their best finishing position is 6th place in 2015–16.

Dorian Ogunro, a former Edinburgh University 1st XI player returned to coach the Under 21 Team after graduating and was the Uni's head coach from 2013 to 2023. In June 2023 Sean McAuley was appointed as head coach.

Lowland League
† Season curtailed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Honours
East of Scotland Football League East of Scotland Football League First Division King Cup East of Scotland Shield
 * Runners-up: 1974–75, 2007–08
 * Runners-up: 2000–01
 * Winners: 1976–77, 2006–07, 2013–14
 * Winners: 1882–83

title: Edinburgh University A.F.C.


text: User talk:85.206.197.23

title: User talk:85.206.197.23


text:
Heriot-Watt University F.C.

Heriot-Watt University Football Club is a football club based at Riccarton Campus, on the western fringes of Edinburgh. The club's first team plays in the. Home matches are played on a 3G synthetic pitch within the John Brydson Arena on the university campus at Riccarton. In weekend competition, the club also enters a team into the Lowlands Under-20 Development League; and another into Lothian & Edinburgh Amateur Football Association competition.

Heriot-Watt University F.C. also participates in a Community Club in partnership with two youth football clubs based in its locality, Currie Star F.C and Currie FC.

The current head coach, Banji Koya, who took over at the beginning of season 2016–17, is a former Heriot-Watt striker. As well as coaching the First Team squad in the East of Scotland League, he also takes charge of the Under-20 and BUCS First Team squads. The all-time top goalscorer of the club is Northern Irishman, Chris Donnelly, who was the first HWUFC player to reach one hundred goals in East of Scotland competition.

Notable former players include Adam Crozier, British businessman and television executive (former Chief Executive of The Football Association, of Royal Mail Group and of ITV; currently Chairman of BT Group).

History
The club was founded around 1945 as Heriot-Watt College F.C. After Heriot-Watt became a university and moved most of its activity to its new campus at Riccarton, (a move which was substantially complete by 1971), the club, now named Heriot-Watt University F.C., applied to join the East of Scotland Football Association and League. It played in the league for the first time in season 1971–72 and has continued in membership since that time.

For the first three decades of its membership of the East of Scotland League, the club struggled to make an impact, although it did reach the Final of the East of Scotland Qualifying Cup in season 1973–74. The early years of the new century saw an improvement in the club's performances and for the first time it gained promotion to the Premier Division in 2005. The following season under head coach Billy Henderson the club won its first trophy, the East of Scotland League Cup, and finished in second place in the league, two points behind winners Edinburgh City.

The club was relegated twice during the course of the next five seasons, but on each occasion returned immediately as First Division champions. A second cup success occurred in 2009 when the King Cup was won, an achievement which the Club repeated in season 2021 - 2022.

In season 2022 - 2023, playing in the Second Division of the greatly-expanded league structure which now constitutes the East of Scotland League, Heriot-Watt finished third, thereby gaining promotion to the First Division (tier two) for season 2023 - 2024.

The club's successful youth team, which will play in the new East of Scotland Development League during 2023 - 2024, won the league in its previous manifestation, the Lowland and East of Scotland Development League, in season 2017 - 2018.

Student competitions
A large part of the club's purpose is to provide the opportunity for football training and playing to as great a number of students as possible, so six men's teams and one women's team are entered into the competitions operated by British Universities and Colleges Sport (BUCS) and Scottish Student Sport (SSS), with the matches being played on Wednesday afternoons. The Queen's Park Shield is the most prestigious trophy for male student football clubs from Scottish Universities and Colleges. It was originally presented to the winners of the league (BUCS Scottish Conference) and the club's successes in the early years of the current century were for winning the league; but since the University of Stirling moved into the National League North, the Queen's Park Shield has been presented to the winners of the top cup competition in SSS competition.

HWUFC first won the QPS in the 1972/73 season when the club shared it with the University of Aberdeen Football club. Despite winning ten games from ten across the season, HWUFC were docked points by the Scottish Amateur Football Association due to playing an ineligible player in an entirely separate East of Scotland League fixture that same season. Kenny Laird, who was previously registered as a professional player with Peebles Rovers Football Club had been registered as an amateur player by HWUFC - due to this the club was banned from all football for five months and stripped of the Queen's Park Shield title. Following an appeal, it was agreed that the trophy would be shared with second placed side, the University of Aberdeen FC.

HWUFC next won the competition in the 1993/94 season. The Club Captain at the time was goalkeeper, Mike Tumilty, who went on to become a well known and respected SFA Category 1 Referee, as well as a prominent name across the Financial Sector as Global Chief Operating Officer at abrdn.

The club wouldn't win the QPS again until the 2002–03 season. In what was undoubtedly the 'Golden Generation' for the club, the trophy was retained for the following four seasons. This five-in-a-row achievement was the first of its kind by any University in the modern era of the competition. The Queen's Park Shield returned to Riccarton in 2022 when Heriot-Watt won the cup competition, beating the University of Stirling in the Final.

Most of the talented side which had secured the Queen's Park Shield remained for season 2022 - 2023, at the end of which Heriot-Watt won the BUCS Scottish championship and for the first time ever gained promotion to the National League North by defeating the University of Birmingham and Leeds Becket University in play-off matches.

Honours
Queens Park Shield and BUCS Scottish Conference East of Scotland Football League First Division East of Scotland League Cup King Cup
 * Champions (10): 1972–73, 1992–93, 2002–03, 2003–04, 2004–05, 2005–06, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2021–22, 2023–24
 * Cup Winners: 2021–22
 * BUCS Scottish Championship: 2022 - 23
 * Winners (2): 2007–08, 2011–12
 * Winners: 2005–06
 * Winners (3): 2008–09, 2021–22, 2023–24

title: Heriot-Watt University F.C.


text:
Talk:Superstar USA

NPOV?

 * I would tend to disagree strongly. None of the phrasing indicates an opinion on the show based on the contributors/writers. I think you are getting that impression simply because of the tone of the show itself which is very accurately described. There are no adjectives used to described that are not simply accurate. For instance in regards to the "insulting makeovers," this was not just a subtext, it was an actual INTENTION of the show's producers that was addressed within the show. IE: the "hosts" would comment to the camera about how stupid the contestants were for believing they resembled other famous people whom they did not. Pacian 19:27, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes, Pacian. It seems that the article, to me, in fact does not discuss any heat the show may've received for such awful deception - except the final part about Make A Wish. Neutrality (balance of opinions) is not an issue, methinks, for it lacks any reporting/analysis of said opinions.  Myself, never heard of it 'til now (I guess), never cared for Am.Id.; seems rather amusing though, in that cruel humor. JamesEG 03:11, 23 August 2006 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Superstar USA logo.jpg
Image:Superstar USA logo.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 10:06, 21 January 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Superstar USA


text:
Adam LeFevre

Adam LeFevre (born August 11, 1950) is an American character actor, poet, and playwright who works in cinema, television, theater and commercials.

Biography
LeFevre was born in Albany, New York, the son of Helen (née Rhodes), a hospital patient representative, and Ira Deyo LeFevre, a physician. He completed his undergraduate at Williams College in 1972, and he holds graduate degrees from both the Iowa Playwrights Workshop and the Iowa Writers' Workshop at the University of Iowa.

In 2012, LeFevre appeared as Farley in the off-Broadway production of Him at Primary Stages.

Selected filmography

 * Return of the Secaucus 7 (1980) .... J.T.
 * Reckless (1984) .... Officer Haskell
 * Second Sight (1989) .... Mike
 * Tune in Tomorrow (1990) .... Large Albanian Man
 * The Bonfire of the Vanities (1990) .... Rawlie Thorpe
 * All My Children (1991, TV series) .... Dewitt
 * That Night (1992) .... Mr. Carpenter
 * Mr. Wonderful (1993) .... Kevin Klassic
 * Philadelphia (1993) .... Jill's Husband
 * Angie (1994) .... Museum Guard
 * The Ref (1994) .... (1994) .... Gary
 * Only You (1994) .... Damon Bradley
 * The Search for One-eye Jimmy (1994) .... Detective
 * Beautiful Girls (1996) .... Victor
 * A Couch in New York (1996) .... Restaurant Patron
 * The Mirror Has Two Faces (1996) .... Doorman
 * Private Parts (1997) .... Sales Manager
 * Jungle 2 Jungle (1997) .... Morrison
 * In & Out (1997) .... Bachelor Party Guest
 * Rounders (1998) .... Sean Frye
 * Above Freezing (1998) .... Best Man at Wedding
 * As the World Turns (1998, TV series) .... Judge / Judge Collins / Judge Berlin
 * Storm of the Century (1999, TV Mini-Series) .... Ferd Andrews
 * Music of the Heart (1999) .... Mr. Klein
 * You Can Count on Me (2000) .... Sheriff Darryl
 * Ten Hundred Kings (2000) .... Frank
 * L.I.E. (2001) .... Elliot
 * Hearts in Atlantis (2001) .... Don Biderman
 * Tadpole (2002) .... Phil
 * Dummy (2002) .... Theater Director
 * Emmett's Mark (2002) .... Officer Jim Fields
 * Fabled (2002) .... Pharmacist
 * Two Weeks Notice (2002) .... RV Man
 * Nola (2003) .... Sam
 * House of D (2004) .... Monty
 * The Manchurian Candidate (2004) .... Congressman Healy
 * Imaginary Heroes (2004) .... Bob Clyde
 * Taxi (2004) .... Big Cop
 * Hitch (2005) .... Speed Dating Guy
 * Miss Congeniality 2: Armed and Fabulous (2005) .... Bartender
 * Empire Falls (2005, TV Mini-Series) .... Father Mark
 * Romance & Cigarettes (2005) .... Fruitman
 * 12 and Holding (2005) .... Gabe Artunion
 * Unconscious (2006) .... Detective Rice
 * Waltzing Anna (2006) .... Dr. Conley
 * The Sensation of Sight (2006) .... Alice's Boss
 * Arthur and the Minimoys (2006) .... Davido
 * I Think I Love My Wife (2007) .... Maitre'd
 * Mo (2007) .... Jim
 * Day Zero (2007) .... Client
 * The Invasion (2007) .... Richard Lenk
 * The Babysitters (2007) .... Mr. Brown
 * I Do & I Don't (2007) .... Father Makowski
 * Pretty Bird (2008) .... Phil the Neighbor
 * Fool's Gold (2008) .... Gary
 * College Road Trip (2008) .... Judge
 * Recount (2008, TV Movie) .... Mark Herron
 * Adam (2009) .... Mr. Wardlow
 * The Good Guy (2009) .... Billy
 * Taking Woodstock (2009) .... Dave
 * How to Seduce Difficult Women (2009) .... Ira
 * She's Out of My League (2010) .... Mr. Kettner
 * The Bounty Hunter (2010) .... Edmund
 * The Scientist (2010) .... Dr. Alan Reed
 * Fair Game (2010) .... Karl Rove
 * Silver Tongues (2011) .... Police Chief
 * Margaret (2011) .... Rob
 * The Lucky One (2012) .... Judge Clayton
 * The Dictator (2012) .... Man in Helicopter
 * Alter Egos (2012) .... Local Man (uncredited)
 * The Lifeguard (2013) .... Hans
 * Molly's Theory of Relativity (2013) .... Boris
 * Syrup (2013) .... Priest
 * Night Has Settled (2014) .... Kimo
 * The Adderall Diaries (2015) .... Bill DuBois
 * Chasing Yesterday (2015) .... Jim
 * The Program (2015) .... Jeffrey Tillotson
 * Freeheld (2015) .... Don Bennett
 * Almost Paris (2016) .... Richard
 * Wild Oats (2016) .... Randall
 * Love on the Run (2016) .... Bank Manager
 * Gold (2016) .... Bobby Burns
 * Radium Girls (2018) .... Carnival Barker

title: Adam LeFevre


text:
Kelso United F.C.

Kelso United Football Club were a senior football club based in Kelso, Scotland who played in the East of Scotland Football League. The club resigned from the league after three games of the 2015–16 season. Their final game was against Burntisland Shipyard on 29 August 2015 resulting in a 5–0 defeat.

The club was founded at a meeting in the Drill Hall, Kelso, in April 1935.

Kelso played their home matches at Woodside Park on Dry House Lane. The first league the club played in was the Border Junior League. Their first notable success at this level was winning the Dudley Cup in 1935. The next season, United joined the Berwickshire FA, despite being based in Roxburghshire. The 1937–38 season was very successful for the club, as the Conan Doyle Cup, the Dudley Cup and the league championship shield were all added to the honours list.

Although no-one from Kelso at that time became an internationalist, many went to bigger, professional clubs.

After the war Kelso United reformed and entered a second XI into the Kelso and District League, while the main team played in the Border Amateur league. In the 1957–58 season, the club lifted the South of Scotland Cup East section, but lost the overall final to West section winners Broughton.

The 1959–60 season was another good year with the Border Cup and the Ancrum 5-a-side competition being annexed.

In the mid-60s after a massive gap of 29 years, United were once again Border Amateur League champions. Big decisions were made leading up to 1967–68 season, one was that the first team would join the East of Scotland Football League, and that the second team which had disappeared, would reform and take the first teams place in the Border League. This was a successful move as the United team were League and King Cup runners-up. In 1971, the club decided to work more on bringing in local players, but this was not sustainable and they left the East of Scotland League. However, back in the Amateur League the club flourished, conquering the Beveridge Cup, as well as the South of Scotland Cup. In 1974 they won the Border Cup.

By the 1974–75 season, the club felt ready to rejoin the East of Scotland League, and in 1980 won their biggest cup yet, the King Cup. Since then the club have held their own in the league, reaching the final of the Image Printers Cup in the mid-90s, as well as getting promoted to the Premier league in 2004, although they were relegated at the end of the 2005–06 season.

In September 2015, the club resigned from the East of Scotland League and merged with nearby Kelso Thistle to form Kelso United Thistle, who now play in the Border Amateur League.

Honours
King Cup

 * Winners: 1979–80

Alex Jack Cup

 * Winners (2): 1989–90, 2001–02

title: Kelso United F.C.


text:
Talk:South Africa and weapons of mass destruction

Strange
SA's nuclear program must have gone on for far longer than the article states. The american humorist Tom Lehrer was even writing songs about th south african nuclear bombs in the mid sixties, it was public knowledge to the degree that he even toured and printed LP audio albums with songs from live concerts with people laughing at his joke "south africa" wants two a-bombs, thats right, one for the blacks and one for the whites" in his now famous song "Who's Next" Recording date: September 10th 1967 (by then his songs were well known, so the south african nuclear program must have been commonplace public knowledge, even though I'm sure the powers that be, pretended they were doing just fine in keeping it a secret. Nunamiut (talk) 18:50, 2 September 2009 (UTC)
 * You're assuming too much from the whimsical lyrics of a song. By 1967 the S.African government had not even begun preliminary research into nuclear weapons as it was still at the earliest stages of trying to establish an indigenous uranium enrichment capability. No doubt some people would have been intelligent enough to see South Africa's progress in nuclear research and its strategic situation and conclude that a covert nuclear weapons program was at least a likely eventuality, but at the time no such program existed. Impi (talk) 11:06, 16 September 2010 (UTC)

2005 discussions
I do not think South Africa really destroyed their nuclear weapons. If they did, what was the main reason for them to do so? User:152.106.240.139
 * You have to understand it in context. The process of dismantling Apartheid was begun by the National Party under F.W. de Klerk from 1990 onwards, with an eye to a full democratic election in 1994. Even in 1990, the party's leadership knew that the general elections would almost certainly lead to a group like the ANC taking power, and they regarded the potential ownership of nuclear weapons by the ANC as something that was rather undesirable. The primary reason for this (said to have been reinforced by American and European pressure) was that the ANC had received a lot of support from rogue states such as Iran, as well as having close ties with some extremely dodgy groups, and they would therefore feel an obligation to repay these groups and states once they assumed power. It was felt that if the ANC inherited the nuclear weapons program along with the sophisticated ICBM program, they would not hesitate to export the technology and/or equipment to states like Iran. As for whether they actually did dismantle the weapons, it needs to be pointed out (as the article does) that the SA govt invited the IAEA to inspect all its nuclear activities and sites, and that the IAEA has since praised this as the most open and complete inspection they have ever been able to undertake. For example, during the diplomatic rounds that preceded the Iraq War, South Africa's complete transparency and full assistance during the 1993-1994 inspections were held up as examples of what Iraq was NOT doing. Considering the thoroughness of the IAEA inspection, it's impossible that South Africa was able to retain nuclear weapons. Impi 08:35, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Thats rather interesting, I never new that the SA gov. was so open about it, but I did know that they disarmed. What if they hid a nuke down a mine shaft for a rainy day? Pure conjecture of course!  Ban e  s  04:24, 31 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, the way the IAEA gets around that is to account for the nuclear weapons material. For example, if the records show that a certain amount of uranium and nuclear weapons parts were manufactured, and they realise they can't account for some of it, they get suspicious. It's also pretty hard to fudge up all the documentation and keep everybody involved quiet, because somebody will always talk. After all, to store a nuke underground would require the construction of a fairly decent underground chamber in order to keep its condition as stable as possible, and it would need to be guarded 24/7. Considering how many people would theoretically be involved in the construction of the chamber, in moving the weapon, and in guarding it, I think it's pretty certain that somebody would have talked by now. In addition to that, a single nuke isn't all that useful, for a real rainy day deterrent, you need at least two or three. The reason for this is that we only have one delivery method for a nuke, the Cheetah D. If we did have a nuke, and got into trouble, we would need to threaten to use it to get our attackers off our backs. However, a single fighter aircraft is not that hard to shoot down, and is therefore less of a deterrent. Aside from this, you need insurance for the period after you use the bomb, otherwise you'll just be invaded. So with three nukes you can use one, and say: "I have more, don't come any further!".
 * This is all conjecture of course, ultimately it would make no sense for SA to use a nuke, as it would bring rapid retribution, possibly in nuclear form as well. Besides, the IAEA inspection was thorough, and the NP REALLY didn't want the ANC to gain control of a nuke, so rest assured, we don't have any more of them.  Imp i  10:02, 31 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't think SA retained a nuclear weapon, but the Vela Incident does call into the question the amount of openness to the IAEA. If it was a nuclear test, it is likely SA didn't disclose something someone knew? If it was an Isreali test (more likley than SA test), it is likely there was some SA logistic support or knowledge, that could have been disclosed to the IAEA. -- Rwendland 12:55, 31 October 2005 (UTC)

 * There is a chance that South Africa didn't dismantle ALL thier weapons, and it wouldn't be suprising if they didn't. The reason why is that South Africa has a long history of independence from the rest of the world, and thus developed thier own weapons.many of thier scientists to this day STILL manufacture heavy weaponry, such as tanks, cruise missles, etc. and beside, how many times throughout history has a major government organization said that something was undercontrol and taken care of when it wasn't? in fact, we don't know the extent of where the investigators were allowed, whether they were bribed, (a far reach really, though), and number of other factors. in Iraq for example, investigators had restricted movement. the same could theoretically be the same for South Africa. 71.132.148.122 19:35, 20 August 2006 (UTC)

 * There would be very little reason for South Africa to maintain nuclear weapons these days, and high consequences if they were detected. One can posit endless conspiracy theories but without any good reasons to think otherwise it seems like a waste of time to take any of them seriously. --Fastfission 20:01, 20 August 2006 (UTC)

There are many conspirisies with regards to SA Nukes, chances are non of them are true, the most viable one though is that any sophiticated weapons would have been shiped to Israel as they took part in our program, any advanced weapons would be able to be linked to them and thus be undesirable, maby a conspirisies/Speculation section should be added as long as people can gice facts as to how a conspirosiy is possible —Preceding unsigned comment added by Scottykira (talk • contribs) 11:55, 15 September 2010 (UTC)

Then I will delete the citation needed tag108.28.93.11 (talk) 19:42, 8 March 2013 (UTC)

The strategic threat
In the context of the developing strategic threat - during the latter 70s and into the 80s - the possibility that Soviet-sponsored and directly-supported conventional invasion of e.g Namibia/SudWesAfrika via Oshikango/Ovamboland and/or Walvisbaai, and/or Transvaal/Natal via Maputo was real. Viz the 60,000 Cuban combat troops inserted into Angola during the mid-80s..... The expectation was that these would be supported by Soviet long range bombers striking with stand-off weapons at strategic targets in the RSA, such as LMB/AFB Grootfontein ( Ovamboland ), LMB/AFB Waterkloof ( Pretoria ), SAN Simonstown, vulnerable logistic supply rail/road links, and concentrations of SADF forces. Such long range bombers could operate from only a few large and well-defended base facilities in sub-saharan Africa, such as Luanda in Angola, and few of the SAAFs tactical aircraft could reach that far and survive. A strategic weapon was required to destroy such bases and deny their strategic support and interdiction facilities to Soviet surrogate forces.

The belief that South Africa developed only half-a-dozen quite crude nuclear devices is mistaken. A sophisticated 'deep penetration' delivery system was well-developed, sharing technologies and testing with Israel. Some of this technology has found its way elsewhere via the Pakistani rogue nuclear engineer Dr. Abdul Khan, lining quite a few ANC pockets in the process.

Do bear in mind that 'a viable weapons system needs not only a viable means of production, but also a viable means of delivery.'   South Africa had that in its ageing but capable Canberras and Buccaneers, as well as the Cheetah D. -- NeueSoutie 13:07, 11 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Points well made, followed by good edit to article.Phase4 21:34, 11 September 2006 (UTC)

 * theres alot of unsupported speculation on this page. I would like to see more citations. purefreak 16:06, 19 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Speculation is, I think, allowed on the talk page. Reliable sources and good citations are definitely required on the article page.Phase4 15:27, 19 September 2007 (UTC)

The weapon and delivery
I read that the weapon weighted about 1 metric ton (1000kg) was 65cm in diameter and 180 in lenght, and also that it was in fact buccaneers that were the only aircraft modified to deliver it. And not canberra as claimed here.

http://www.isis-online.org/publications/southafrica/ir0594.html —Preceding unsigned comment added by 62.248.159.240 (talk) 10:27, 6 September 2007 (UTC)

At the December 2012 conference "The Historical Dimensions of South Africa's Nuclear Weapons Program," a presenter used this image in a powerpoint presentation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:South_African_nuclear_bomb_casings.jpg. Another conference attendee with direct personal knowledge of the design of South Africa's nuclear bombs pointed out that the photo was not in fact of South Africa's nuclear bombs. South Africa's nuclear bombs looked different from the bomb casings in the photo. A third conference participant who had been professionally involved, as a South African government official, in South Africa's WMD programs suggested that the casings depicted in the photo above may instead have been for chemical or biological weapons. 205.201.242.126 (talk) 18:37, 12 April 2013 (UTC)

Its correct. The fameous "pictures of south african nuclear weapon" isn´t a nuke. Its something else. The real nuke would have looked more like a modern cruise missile, like South African´s Raptor missile. Intresting read: / Pandapod1 (talk) 08:08, 2 November 2016 (UTC)

Nitpicking/ clarigying
In the line about changing from Somchem to Pelindaba, Somchem is/was a weapons/chemical company and Pelindaba a place. Maybe tidy up 41.241.25.210 (talk) 08:45, 10 December 2008 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with File:Coat of arms of South Africa.svg
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AEC and AEB
The article makes reference to an "AEB" and "AEC", without bothering to give the full name. I assume what was meant was the "Atomic Energy Board" and "Atomic Energy Corporation". It's not always clear if the correct term is given at any given spot, as sometimes it's not clear what time period is discussed. The article links to the disambig pages AEB and AEC, which in turn have no relevant content. We don't seem to have an article on the AEB/AEC. There's also no indication to the reader that the AEB ultimately turned into the AEC (as I understand it). I'm hoping somebody more familiar with the topic will fix this up. --Rob (talk) 08:36, 14 April 2009 (UTC)
 * I've qualified those acronyms and removed the links as there are no relevant articles. I'm not sure how the AEB and the AEC co-existed, but the sources do mention them independently.  one brave  monkey  08:33, 28 April 2009 (UTC)

The Weapon
Ive been studying this subject for years but never seen a single picture of the weapon, one would be great to have on the article, but i guess they arent available. Also, if so i wonder why? Whats the big secret? Maybe it was "licenced" from a western design? US, UK or French one? Anybody any ideas? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 91.154.204.152 (talk) 00:27, 11 July 2009 (UTC)
 * Photos of actual nuclear weapons (not just the casings) aren't all that common for most designs, not only the South African ones. I suppose its possible that clear pictures may be considered a proliferation risk, which is why the IAEA chose to release only photos of the casings and of parts of the facilities such as the vaults but not of the tooling for instance. It's also possible that, due to the extremely high security of South Africa's program, there were simply no photos taken before the weapons were dismantled. In fact, the only photos that seem to exist in the public domain of the program were all taken by IAEA inspectors and others after the bombs had been dismantled, the program ended and inspections had begun. Impi (talk) 11:06, 16 September 2010 (UTC)

other countries who helped South Africa's nuclear program
Yes we all know of rumors of Israeli work with South Africa's WMD program, but they were not the only country to do so. Like for example http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/61698/nicolas-van-de-walle/south-africas-weapons-of-mass-destruction http://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/rsa/nuke/stumpf.htm Tallicfan20 (talk) 08:14, 4 August 2009 (UTC)

Aimed at who?
I am curious if it was ever established who, exactly, the SA gov't intended its nuclear arsenal to be used against. None of its neighbors (as far as I know) ever came close to nuclear capability, and, if my understanding of the history is correct, the Apartheid government always viewed its main enemies as internal rather than external. Were there any plans to use tactical nukes in the event of a black rebellion that couldn't be otherwise controlled? --Jfruh (talk) 01:01, 22 September 2009 (UTC)

 * You can't use tactical nukes against an enemy who is fully dispersed among your own people. The kill radius of a tactical nuke that size was about the same as the kill radius of a Hiroshima bomb - i.e. city-sized. The urban black population of South Africa in the 1980's (i.e. your potential revolutionaries) lived in very close proximity to their white neighbours - for example you can't nuke Soweto without seriously damaging the rest of Johannesburg, and delivering radioactive fallout to the entire Witwatersrand area. The small nuclear arsenal was designed to be used against a potential Cuban invasion force backed by Eastern Bloc air support - exactly what they were facing in Angola and exactly what was trying to invade Namibia. It was largely intended as a deterrent - e.g. "If the USA doesn't intervene to back down the Communists then we will nuke them and start World War 3" - also known by the slogan "We won't go down alone". In the actual event the Soviet empire collapsed before the invasion of Namibia, the Cubans had to go home, and the threat passed. The nukes were sold to the USA for destruction, South Africa was able to transition peacefully to multi-racial democracy, and the South African Communists are now big capitalists who compete to flaunt their bling. ¬¬¬¬

It is a complete misconception that South Africa's main enemies were considered to be within, much as there had always been the fear of what the consequences of a regime switch would have been. The SADF (South African Defence Force) was only ever used to prop up the SAPS (South African Police Service) who was responsible for internal law and order, which included suppressing violent and often criminal uprisings by the Black majority (the world has by now forgotten about "necklaces" - car tyres put around the necks of perceived enemies of the ANC, filled with petrol and set on fire). South Africa's main enemy had always been communism and as a secondary concern was its ability to align the internal Black majority, who would have walked off the edge of a cliff just to get rid of the Apartheid government (as the rest of Africa did to get rid of the Brits). This explains why De Klerk could start serious negotiations with the ANC only after the collapse of the the Soviet Union - had South Africa switched to a Black "democracy" before this it would have ended up a communist mess under Russion control and a complete breadbasket in line with the rest of Africa. South Africa lost a few hundred soldiers over the years in Angola against the Cubans and their Russian advisors and this certainly had very little if anything to do with the internal strive - it was all about an obsession to fight Communism in the first place. Being a Christian coutry added to this desire, considering the persecution of Christians by Russia in their own country at the time. This is the reason (white) South Africans put up being the skunks of the world for so many years: it was always a choice between this and becoming unwilling citizens of a communist regime under direct control of Russia. Charity always starts at home and to have had a choice between local misery and international condemnation was never difficult, much as it led to the inhuman and often criminal suppression of its own citizens' democratic rights by the Apartheid regime. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.45.3.70 (talk) 04:43, 15 October 2009 (UTC)

SA's nukes were entirley of a detriment nature, they could use it as a barganing chip and to scare agression off, i do not think they ever planned to use them —Preceding unsigned comment added by Scottykira (talk • contribs) 12:00, 15 September 2010 (UTC)

 * Waldo Stumpf is on record stating that South Africa had a three-phase nuclear deterrent strategy which did not include the offensive use of the weapon:
 * Phase 1: Strategic uncertainty in which the nuclear deterrent capability will not be acknowledged or denied.
 * Phase 2: Should South African territory be threatened, for example, by the Warsaw Pact countries through the surrogate Cuban forces in Angola, covert acknowledgement to certain international powers, e.g. the USA, would be contemplated.
 * Phase 3: Should this partial disclosure of South Africa's capability not bring about international intervention to remove the threat, public acknowledgement or demonstration by an underground test of South Africa's capability, would be considered.
 * There is no evidence to suggest that it was ever intended for internal use. Indeed, that would not make much sense, due to the fact that South Africa's black townships were all located very close to the main white population centres. Impi (talk) 11:06, 16 September 2010 (UTC)

Intended targets
The article is missing the essential information about where and at who the weapons were intended to be targeted. Would it have been against concentrations of Eastern block troops in Angola in the event of an Eastern Bloc invasion of South Africa/SWA? Against strategic ports or airbases in Angola, or even against strategic targets in Cuba or the Warsaw pact countries? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 77.102.254.132 (talk) 22:01, 10 January 2013 (UTC)

Reactor Development
By 1974 a facility that was separate but close to the main campus of the Atomic Energy Board was in operation. The facility consisted of offices and a "hall" referred to as the A Saal (A hall) to test components. This facility came under the heading "Reactor Development". Simulation models written in FORTRAN for an IBM computer had already been developed in 1974 in these offices. The research units to enrich uranium and to develop a nuclear device were kept separate - those on the enrichment program had no idea what the staff working in "Reactor Development" where doing and those working in "Reactor Development" had no details of the enrichment programme. Staff in "Reactor Development" where sworn to secrecy for 20 years, and were told that the project was for peaceful purposes.

I have no sources to cite to back this up. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 122.59.104.31 09:18, 2 October 2016 (UTC)

Vela
There is basically no evidence that Vela was a nuclear explosion. South Africa did not test any of its nuclear weapons. The article gives far too much weight to the conspiracy theory that Vela was a nuclear explosion. Even if it had been an explosion, it would have been an Israeli bomb, not a South African one.203.80.61.102 (talk) 03:32, 12 September 2017 (UTC)

Who were the scientists?
Basic information to add to this article: who were the scientists in charge of the South African nuclear program? Were any of them former Nazis from the Third Reich? 173.88.246.138 (talk) 23:30, 8 May 2021 (UTC)


text:
Lothian Thistle Hutchison Vale F.C.

Lothian Thistle Hutchison Vale Football Club (LTHV) are a senior non-league football club based in Edinburgh, Scotland. Currently competing in the, they play their home matches at Saughton Enclosure in the Saughton area of the city.

History
Founded in 1969 as an amateur works team for Lloyds Finance, they initially played as Lloyds & Scottish prior to renaming themselves Lothian Thistle.

The club originally competed in the Lothian amateur league before a successful spell in the Caledonian Amateur Football League. They then moved up to senior status when they joined the East of Scotland Football League in 1995, gaining promotion to the Premier Division two years later in 1997.

The club is linked with the youth football club Hutchison Vale, and changed their name to Lothian Thistle Hutchison Vale before the start of the 2011–12 season to reflect this.

LTHV won the East of Scotland Premier Division title for the first time in the 2013–14 season, repeating this success in the 2014–15 season. They were runners-up in 2015–16 and won the league for the third time in 2016–17, although they did not take part in the play-off for promotion to the Lowland League because they were ineligible for licensing reasons. They narrowly lost out on the 2017–18 title after defeat to Kelty Hearts on the final day of the season.

The club reached the 3rd round of the Scottish Cup in 2017–18 beating League Two side Stirling Albion 5–3 away from home, before losing 1–7 at home to St Mirren. They became SFA members in 2018, allowing them automatic entry into the Scottish Cup.

LTHV gained promotion back to the Premier Division for 2020–21 after winning First Division Conference A in the curtailed 2019–20 season.

Ground
The club operates at Saughton Enclosure in the west side of Edinburgh, where they have been since 1998. The ground can accommodate up to 1,000 spectators.

Youth
The Hutchison Vale youth team was founded in 1940. Its first intake of players included future professionals Tommy Younger and George Farm.

A full list of 'graduates' was released by the BBC in April 2019 - Grant Brebner, Lee Bullen, Mark Burchill, Gary Caldwell, Steven Caldwell, John Collins, Alan Combe, Peter Cormack, Darren Dods, Andrew Driver, George Farm, Alfred Finnbogason, Darren Fletcher, Ryan Flynn, Paul Hanlon, Kevin Harper, John Hughes, Danny Galbraith, Gary Glen, Leigh Griffiths, John Inglis, Danny Lennon, Gary Locke, Gary Mason, Eddie May, Allan McGregor, Steven McLean, Marc McNulty, Michael McIndoe, Kenny Miller, Grant Murray, Ian Murray, Gary Naysmith, Sam Nicholson, Colin Nish, Garry O'Connor, Allan Preston, Derek Riordan, Scott Robinson, Michael Stewart, Danny Swanson, Paul Telfer, Kevin Thomson, Gregor Townsend, Steven Tweed, Mickey Weir, Steven Whittaker, Danny Wilson, Tommy Younger

In April 2019 it was described as "Scotland's most fruitful football academy".

Women
Hutchison Vale also have a women's section who play in SWF Championship, the highest division of the SWF which sits below the Scottish Women's Premier League.

In 2018 they merged with Edinburgh University Ladies and were renamed Edinburgh University Hutchison Vale, playing their home games at the university's Peffermill Sports Ground, Edinburgh. However this partnership ended at the end of the season, and they reverted to the Hutchison Vale name for 2019.

Hutchison Vale Ladies won the Scottish Cup in 1993 & 1994.

Honours
As Lothian Thistle prior to the 2011–12 season

 * East of Scotland Football League
 * Winners (3): 2013–14, 2014–15, 2016–17
 * Runners-up (2): 2015–16, 2017–18
 * East of Scotland Football League First Division
 * Winners: 1996–97, 2019–20 (Conference A)
 * East of Scotland City Cup
 * Winners: 2016–17
 * Runners-up: 2014–15
 * East of Scotland Qualifying Cup
 * Winners: 1996–97, 2014–15
 * Runners-up (2): 2016–17, 2017–18
 * East of Scotland League Cup
 * Winners: 2017–18
 * King Cup
 * Winners: 2003–04
 * Runners-up (2): 2015–16, 2016–17
 * Alex Jack Cup
 * Winners (5): 2000–01, 2003–04, 2005–06, 2007–08, 2016–17
 * Runners-up (6): 1995–96, 1997–98, 2002–03, 2010–11, 2013–14, 2016–17
 * South & East Cup Winners Shield
 * Winners: 2016–17

title: Lothian Thistle Hutchison Vale F.C.


text:
A Little Deeper

A Little Deeper is the debut studio album by English singer and rapper Ms. Dynamite. It was released on 10 June 2002 by Polydor Records. The album won the Mercury Prize in 2002. As of September 2011, it had sold 495,000 copies in the United Kingdom.

Reception
The album was included in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die.

Track listing
Track 13 is a bonus track on some editions, and does not appear on the UK edition.

title: A Little Deeper


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Crazy hooligans

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. - Mailer Diablo 17:13, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

Crazy hooligans
Yup...band vanity! Two relevant Googles, zilch on allmusic.com. - Lucky 6.9 05:48, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn band vanity. --TheMidnighters 07:48, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Band vanity. Sjakkalle (Check!)  07:55, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, fails WP:MUSIC. RasputinAXP   talk  *  contribs  12:58, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 *   JDoorjam 16:45, 21 August 2005 (UTC).

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.