text:
Compendium of postage stamp issuers (J)

Each "article" in this category is a collection of entries about several stamp issuers, presented in alphabetical order. The entries are formulated on the micro model and so provide summary information about all known issuers.

See the Category:Compendium of postage stamp issuers page for details of the project.

Jaffa (Russian Post Office)

 * Dates :	1909 – 1910
 * Currency :	40 paras = 1 piastre

 * Refer :	Russian Post Offices in the Turkish Empire

Jaipur

 * Dates :	1904 – 1948
 * Currency :	12 pies = 1 anna; 16 annas = 1 rupee

 * Refer :	Indian Native States

Jamaica

 * Dates :	1860 –
 * Capital :	Kingston
 * Currency : 	(1860) 12 pence = 1 shilling; 20 shillings = 1 pound
 * (1969) 100 cents = 1 dollar

 * Main Article : Postage stamps and postal history of Jamaica

Jammu & Kashmir

 * Dates :	1866 – 1894
 * Capital :	Srinagar
 * Currency :	12 pies = 1 anna; 16 annas = 1 rupee

 * Refer :	Indian Native States

Janina

 * Refer :	Jannina (Italian Post Office)

Jannina (Italian Post Office)

 * Dates :	1909 – 1911
 * Currency : 	40 paras = 1 piastre

 * Refer :	Italian Post Offices in the Turkish Empire

Japan

 * Dates :	1871 –
 * Capital :	Tokyo
 * Currency :	(1871) 100 mon = 1 sen
 * (1872) 10 rin = 1 sen; 100 sen = 1 yen

 * Main Article : Postage stamps and postal history of Japan

Japan (British Commonwealth Occupation)

 * Dates :	1946 – 1949
 * Currency : 	12 pence = 1 shilling; 20 shillings = 1 pound

 * Refer :	British Occupation Issues

Japan (American Post Offices)

 * Refer :	US Post Offices in Japan

Japan (British Post Offices)

 * Dates :	1859 – 1879
 * Currency : 	100 cents = 1 dollar

 * Refer :	British Post Offices Abroad

Japan (French Post Offices)

 * Dates :	1865 – 1880
 * Currency : 	100 centimes = 1 franc

 * Refer :	French Post Offices Abroad

Japanese Naval Control Area

 * Dates :	1942 – 1943
 * Currency :	100 cents = 1 gulden

 * Refer :	Japanese Occupation Issues

Japanese Occupation Issues

 * Main Article Needed :

 * Includes :	Brunei (Japanese Occupation);
 * Burma (Japanese Occupation);
 * Hong Kong (Japanese Occupation);
 * Japanese Naval Control Area;
 * Japanese Taiwan (Formosa);
 * Java (Japanese Occupation);
 * Kelantan (Japanese Occupation);
 * Kwangtung (Japanese Occupation);
 * Malaya (Japanese Occupation);
 * Mengkiang (Japanese Occupation);
 * Nangking & Shanghai (Japanese Occupation);
 * Netherlands Indies (Japanese Occupation);
 * North Borneo (Japanese Occupation);
 * North China (Japanese Occupation);
 * Philippines (Japanese Occupation);
 * Sarawak (Japanese Occupation);
 * Sumatra (Japanese Occupation)

Japanese Post Offices Abroad

 * Main Article Needed :

 * Includes :	China (Japanese Post Offices);
 * Korea (Japanese Post Offices)

Japanese Taiwan (Formosa)

 * Dates :	1945 only
 * Capital :	Taipei
 * Currency :	10 rin = 1 sen; 100 sen = 1 yen

 * Refer :	Japanese Occupation Issues

Jasdan

 * Dates :	1942 only
 * Currency :	12 pies = 1 anna; 16 annas = 1 rupee

 * Refer :	Indian Native States

Java (Japanese Occupation)

 * Dates :	1943 – 1945
 * Currency :	100 sen (cents) = 1 rupee (gulden)

 * Refer :	Japanese Occupation Issues

Jeend

 * Refer :	Jind

Jeind

 * Refer :	Jind

Jersey

 * Dates :	1941 –
 * Capital :	St Helier
 * Currency : 	(1941) 12 pence = 1 shilling; 20 shillings = 1 pound
 * (1970) 100 pence = 1 pound

 * Main Article : Postage stamps and postal history of Jersey

 * See also :	Great Britain (Regional Issues)

Jerusalem (Italian Post Office)

 * Dates :	1909 – 1911
 * Currency :	40 paras = 1 piastre

 * Refer :	Italian Post Offices in the Turkish Empire

Jerusalem (Russian Post Office)

 * Dates :	1909 – 1910
 * Currency :	40 paras = 1 piastre

 * Refer :	Russian Post Offices in the Turkish Empire

Jhalawar

 * Dates :	1887 – 1900
 * Currency :	4 pies = 1 anna

 * Refer :	Indian Native States

Jhind

 * Refer :	Jind

Jind

 * Dates :	1874 – 1885
 * Currency :	12 pies = 1 anna; 16 annas = 1 rupee

 * Refer :	Jind in Indian Convention states

Johor

 * Refer :	Johore

Johore

 * Dates :	1876 –
 * Capital :	Johor Bahru
 * Currency :	100 cents = 1 dollar

 * Main Article Needed :

 * See also :	Malaysia

Jordan

 * Dates :	1920 –
 * Capital :	Amman
 * Currency :	(1920) 1000 milliemes = 100 piastres = 1 Egyptian pound
 * (1927) 1000 mils = 1 Palestine pound
 * (1950) 1000 fils = 1 dinar

 * Main Article : Postage stamps and postal history of Jordan

 * Includes :	Palestine (Jordanian Occupation);
 * Transjordan

Jubaland

 * Dates :	1925 – 1926
 * Capital :	Kismayu
 * Currency : 	100 centesimi = 1 lira

 * Main Article Needed : Postage stamps and postal history of Oltre Giuba

 * Refer : Italian Trans-Juba

Jugoslavia

 * Refer :	Yugoslavia

Junagadh

 * Refer :	Soruth (Saurashtra)

title: Compendium of postage stamp issuers (J)


text:
Thomas Richardson (cartographer)

Thomas Richardson was a Scottish cartographer in the 18th century. He is recorded as having been active from 1772-1828.

Maps, plans and surveys attributed to Richardson include the 1771 'reduced map' of Blenheim Park, which gives Richardson's address as Little Queen Ann Street, Cavendish Square, London; a 1771 "Survey of the Royal Gardens of Richmond", a 1772 plan of Maidenstone Hill, Greenwich, 1775 plans of Little St John's Wood, 1776 plans of the crown estates in Minster in Sheppey and a 1777 survey of the lands of the Duchess of Buccleuch.

The National Library of Scotland holds four maps by Richardson, who signs them as a 'landsurveyor, Glasgow'. These include a map of the town of Glasgow from 1795, and a new travelling map of Scotland 'shewing principal direct & cross roads', 1804.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Thomas Richardson (cartographer)


text:
Compendium of postage stamp issuers (Ka–Kh)

Each "article" in this category is a collection of entries about several stamp issuers, presented in alphabetical order. The entries are formulated on the micro model and so provide summary information about all known issuers.

See the Category:Compendium of postage stamp issuers page for details of the project.

Kalimnos

 * Dates :	1912–1932
 * Capital :	Kalimnos
 * Currency : 	100 centesimi = 1 lira

 * Refer :	Aegean Islands (Dodecanese)

Kamerun

 * Dates :	1897–1915
 * Capital :	Yaoundé
 * Currency :	100 pfennige = 1 mark

 * Refer :	German Colonies

Kampuchea

 * Dates :	1980–1989
 * Capital :	Phnom Penh
 * Currency :	100 cents = 1 riel

 * Refer :	Cambodia

 * See also :	Khmer Republic

Kandia

 * Refer :	Crete (Foreign Post Offices)

Karikal

 * Refer :	French Indian Settlements

Karki

 * Refer :	Khalki

Karolinen

 * Refer :	Caroline Islands

Karpathos

 * Dates :	1912–1932
 * Capital :
 * Currency : 	100 centesimi = 1 lira

 * Refer :	Aegean Islands (Dodecanese)

Kashmir

 * Refer :	Jammu & Kashmir

Kasos

 * Dates :	1912–1932
 * Capital :	Ayia Marina
 * Currency : 	100 centesimi = 1 lira

 * Refer :	Aegean Islands (Dodecanese)

Kastellórizo

 * Refer :	Castelrosso (Kastellórizo)

Katanga

 * Dates :	1960–1963
 * Capital :	Elisabethville
 * Currency :	100 centimes = 1 franc

 * Refer :	Zaire

Kathiri State of Seiyun

 * Dates :	1942–1967
 * Capital :	Seiyun
 * Currency : 	(1942) 16 annas = 1 rupee
 * (1951) 100 cents = 1 shilling
 * (1966) 1000 fils = 1 dinar

 * Refer :	Aden Protectorate States

Kavalla (French Post Office)

 * Dates :	1893–1914
 * Currency : 	25 centimes = 1 piastre

 * Refer :	French Post Offices in the Turkish Empire

 * See also :	Kavalla (Greek Occupation)

Kavalla (Greek Occupation)

 * Dates :	1913 only
 * Currency : 	100 lepta = 1 drachma

 * Refer :	Greek Occupation Issues

Kazakhstan

 * Dates :	1992 –
 * Capital :	Nur-Sultan
 * Currency :	(1992) 100 kopecks = 1 Russian ruble
 * (1994) 100 tyin (ty) = 1 tenge (t)

 * Main article :Postage stamps and postal history of Kazakhstan

 * See also :	Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)

Kedah

 * Dates :	1912 –
 * Capital :	Alor Setar
 * Currency :	100 cents = 1 dollar

 * Main Article Needed :

 * See also :	Malaysia

Kefalonia

 * Refer :	Cephalonia and Ithaca (Italian Occupation)

Kelantan

 * Dates :	1911 –
 * Capital :	Kota Baharu
 * Currency :	100 cents = 1 dollar

 * Main Article Needed :

 * See also :	Malaysia

Kelantan (Japanese Occupation)

 * Dates :	1942–1945
 * Currency :	100 cents = 1 dollar

 * Refer :	Japanese Occupation Issues

Kenya

 * Dates :	1963 –
 * Capital :	Nairobi
 * Currency :	100 cents = 1 shilling

 * Main Article Needed : Postage stamps and postal history of Kenya

 * See also :	British East Africa;
 * Kenya Uganda & Tanzania (Combined Issues)

Kenya & Uganda

 * Dates :	1922–1935
 * Capital :	Nairobi
 * Currency :	100 cents = 1 shilling

 * Refer :	Kenya Uganda & Tanzania (Combined Issues)

Kenya Uganda & Tanganyika

 * Dates :	1935–1963
 * Capital :	Nairobi
 * Currency :	100 cents = 1 shilling

 * Refer :	Kenya Uganda & Tanzania (Combined Issues)

Kenya Uganda Tanganyika & Zanzibar

 * Dates :	1964 only
 * Capital :	Nairobi
 * Currency :	100 cents = 1 shilling

 * Refer :	Kenya Uganda & Tanzania (Combined Issues)

Kenya Uganda & Tanzania

 * Dates :	1965–1975
 * Capital :	Nairobi
 * Currency :	100 cents = 1 shilling

 * Refer :	Kenya Uganda & Tanzania (Combined Issues)

Kenya Uganda & Tanzania (Combined Issues)

 * Includes :	Kenya & Uganda;
 * Kenya Uganda & Tanganyika;
 * Kenya Uganda Tanganyika & Zanzibar;
 * Kenya Uganda & Tanzania

Kerguelen

 * Refer :	French Southern & Antarctic Territories

Kerrasunde (Russian Post Office)

 * Dates :	1909–1910
 * Currency :	40 paras = 1 piastre

 * Refer :	Russian Post Offices in the Turkish Empire

Khalki

 * Dates :	1912–1932
 * Capital :
 * Currency : 	100 centesimi = 1 lira

 * Refer :	Aegean Islands (Dodecanese)

Khania (Italian Post Office)

 * Dates :	1900–1912
 * Currency : 	(1900) 40 paras = 1 piastre
 * (1906) 100 centesimi = 1 lira

 * Refer :	Italian Post Offices Abroad

 * See also :	Crete (Foreign Post Offices)

Khios

 * Dates :	1913 only
 * Capital :	Khios
 * Currency : 	100 lepta = 1 drachma (Greek)

 * Refer :	Greek Occupation Issues

Khmer Republic

 * Dates :	1971–1975
 * Capital :	Phnom Penh
 * Currency :	100 cents = 1 riel

 * Refer :	Cambodia

 * See also :	Kampuchea

Khor Fakkan

 * Refer :	Sharjah


text:
Emmerdale (album)

Emmerdale is the debut studio album by Swedish pop rock band The Cardigans. It was originally released in Sweden by Trampolene Records on 18 February 1994, and on 24 September 1994 in Japan. It was later reissued in Europe in January 1999 and in Canada in May the same year. A special U.S. version was released in August 1999 by Minty Fresh Records and features a bonus disc of songs from The Cardigans' second album Life. These songs were not released in the U.S. edition of said album and were previously unavailable on any U.S. release. The album was named after the British television soap opera of the same name.

Track listing
All songs written by Peter Svensson and Magnus Sveningsson, except where noted.

1 Originally performed by Black Sabbath. 2 These tracks are from the 1995 album Life but were not included on the US version.

Personnel

 * Lars-Olof Johansson – acoustic guitar, piano
 * Bengt Lagerberg – percussion, bassoon, drums, recorder
 * Nina Persson – vocals
 * Magnus Sveningsson – bass
 * Peter Svensson – bass, guitar, percussion, piano, arranger, conductor, vocals, bells, vibraphone

 * Additional personnel
 * David Åhlén – violin
 * Ivan Bakran – grand piano
 * Björn Engelmann – mastering
 * Lasse Johansson – guitar, piano
 * Tore Johansson – trumpet, producer, beats
 * Anders Kristensson – photography
 * Jens Lingård – trombone
 * Andreas Mattsson – art direction, design
 * Anders Nordgren – flute

title: Emmerdale (album)


text:
Compendium of postage stamp issuers (Ki–Kz)

Each "article" in this category is a collection of entries about several stamp issuers, presented in alphabetical order. The entries are formulated on the micro model and so provide summary information about all known issuers.

See the Category:Compendium of postage stamp issuers page for details of the project.

Kiaochow

 * Refer :	Kiautschou

Kiautschou

 * Dates :	1901–1914
 * Currency :	(1901) 100 pfennige = 1 mark
 * (1905) 100 cents = 1 dollar

 * Refer :	German Colonies

King Edward VII Land

 * Dates :	1908 only
 * Currency :	12 pence = 1 shilling; 20 shillings = 1 pound

 * Refer :	New Zealand Territories

Kingdom of Serbs Croats & Slovenes

 * Refer :	Yugoslavia

Kingdom of Yugoslavia

 * Refer :	Yugoslavia

Kionga

 * Dates :	1916 only
 * Currency :	100 centavos = 1 escudo

 * Refer :	Mozambique Territories

Kirgizistan

 * Refer :	Kyrgyzstan

Kiribati

 * Dates :	1979 –
 * Capital :	Tarawa
 * Currency :	100 cents = 1 dollar

 * Main Article : Postage stamps and postal history of Kiribati

 * Includes :	Gilbert Islands

 * See also :	Gilbert & Ellice Islands

Kirin & Heilungkiang

 * Dates :	1927–1931
 * Capital :	Harbin
 * Currency :	100 cents = 1 dollar

 * Refer :	Chinese Provinces

Kishangarh

 * Dates :	1899–1947
 * Currency :	12 pies = 1 anna; 16 annas = 1 rupee

 * Refer :	Indian Native States

Kithyra (Cythera)

 * Refer :	Ionian Islands

Klaipėda

 * Dates :	1923 only
 * Currency :	(1923) 100 pfennige = 1 mark
 * (1923) 100 centu = 1 litas

 * Main Article Needed :

 * See also :	Lithuania;
 * Memel (French Administration)

Kolchak Government (Siberia)

 * Dates :	1919–1920
 * Capital :	Omsk
 * Currency :	100 kopecks = 1 Russian ruble

 * Refer :	Russian Civil War Issues

Komotini

 * Refer :	Gumultsina

Korce (Koritza)

 * Dates :	1917–1919
 * Capital :	Koritza
 * Currency :	100 centimes = 1 franc

 * Refer :	French Occupation Issues

Korea (Empire)

 * Dates :	1884–1910
 * Capital :	Seoul
 * Currency :	(1884) 10 mons = 1 poon
 * (1899) 1000 re = 100 cheun = 1 won

 * Main Article : Postage stamps and postal history of Korea

Korea (Indian Custodian Forces)

 * Dates :	1953 only
 * Currency :	12 pies = 1 anna; 16 annas = 1 rupee

 * Refer :	Indian Overseas Forces

Korea (Japanese Post Offices)

 * Dates :	1900–1901
 * Currency :	10 rin = 1 sen; 100 sen = 1 yen

 * Refer :	Japanese Post Offices Abroad

Koritza

 * Refer :	Korce (Koritza)

Korytza

 * Refer :	Epirus

Kos

 * Dates :	1912–1932
 * Capital :	Kos
 * Currency : 	100 centesimi = 1 lira

 * Refer :	Aegean Islands (Dodecanese)

Kotor

 * Refer :	Dalmatia (German Occupation)

Kouang-Tcheou

 * Dates :	1898–1943
 * Currency :	(1898) 100 centimes = 1 franc
 * (1919) 100 cents = 1 piastre

 * Refer :	China (Indochinese Post Offices)

Krk

 * Refer :	Veglia

Kuban Territory

 * Dates :	1918–1920
 * Capital :	Krasnodar
 * Currency :	100 kopecks = 1 Russian ruble

 * Refer :	Russian Civil War Issues

K-u-K Feldpost

 * Refer :	Austro-Hungarian Military Post

Kupa

 * Refer :	Fiume & Kupa Zone (Italian Occupation)

Kuwait

 * Dates :	1923 –
 * Capital :	Kuwait City
 * Currency : 	(1923) 12 pies = 1 anna, 16 annas = 1 rupee
 * (1957) 100 naye paise = 1 rupee
 * (1961) 1000 fils = 1 dinar

 * Main article : Postage stamps and postal history of Kuwait

 * See also :	British Postal Agencies in Eastern Arabia

Kwangchow

 * Refer :	Kouang-Tcheou

Kwangtung (Japanese Occupation)

 * Dates :	1942–1945
 * Currency :	100 cents = 1 dollar

 * Refer :	Japanese Occupation Issues

Kwidzyn

 * Refer :	Marienwerder

Kyrgyzstan

 * Dates :	1992 –
 * Capital :	Bishkek (formerly known as Frunze)
 * Currency :	(1992) 100 kopecks = 1 Russian ruble
 * (1993) 100 tyin = 1 som

 * Main article :Postage stamps and postal history of Kyrgyzstan
 * See also :	Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)


text:
Fuzzy-Wuzzy

"Fuzzy-Wuzzy" is a poem by the English author and poet Rudyard Kipling, published in 1892 as part of Barrack Room Ballads. It describes the respect of the ordinary soldier for the bravery of the Hadendoa warriors who fought the British army in Sudan and Eritrea.

Background
"Fuzzy-Wuzzy" was the term used by British soldiers for Beja warriors who were supporting the Mahdi of Sudan in the Mahdist War. The term relates to the elaborate tiffa hair style favoured by the Hadendoa tribe, a subdivision of the Beja people.

The Beja people were one of several broad multi-tribal groupings supporting the Mahdi, and were divided into six tribes: Hadendoa, Halanga, Amarar, Beni-Amer, Habab, and Bishariyyin. All of these are semi-nomadic and inhabit the Sudan's Red Sea Hills, Libyan Desert, and southern Egypt. The Beja provided a large number of warriors to the Mahdist forces. They were armed with swords and spears and some of them carried breech-loaded rifles which had been captured from the Egyptian forces, and some of them had acquired military experience in the Egyptian army.

Legacy
The term "Fuzzy Wuzzy Angels" was used by Australian soldiers during World War II to describe Papua New Guinean stretcher bearers. The term was not widely deemed to be problematic when it was used by Kipling and by British soldiers during the Sudan Campaign or by Australian soldiers in the 20th century; however, more recently some have deemed it to be a racial slur.

The poem
Kipling's poem "Fuzzy-Wuzzy" praises the Hadendoa for their martial prowess, because "for all the odds agin' you, Fuzzy-Wuz, you broke the square". This could refer to either or both historical battles between the British and Mahdist forces where British infantry squares were "broken". The first was at the Battle of Tamai, on 13 March 1884, and the second was on 17 January 1885 during the Battle of Abu Klea (when the square was badly broken, though thereafter promptly reformed). Kipling's narrator, an infantry soldier, speaks in admiring terms of the "Fuzzy-wuzzys", praising their bravery which, although insufficient to defeat the British, did at least enable them to boast of having "broken the square"—an achievement which few other British foes could claim.

Writing in The Atlantic in June 2002, Christopher Hitchens noted "[Yet] where Kipling excelled—and where he most deserves praise and respect—was in enjoining the British to avoid the very hubris that he had helped to inspire in them. His 'Recessional' is only the best-known and most hauntingly written of many such second thoughts. ... There is also 'The Lesson', a poem designed to rub in the experience of defeat in Africa, 'Fuzzy-Wuzzy', a tribute to the fighting qualities of the Sudanese."

Benjamin Britten adapted the poem for his song of the same name between 1922 and 1923, and it was further revised in 1968. It remains unpublished.

Other references
T. S. Eliot included the poem in his 1941 collection A Choice of Kipling's Verse.

title: Fuzzy-Wuzzy


text:
Peta Toppano

Peita Margaret Toppano (born 1952) known as Peta Toppano is a British-born Australian actress, singer and dancer. She is most widely known for her roles in The Young Doctors as Dr. Gail Henderson, Prisoner, as Karen Travers, Return to Eden as Jilly Stewart, and in Home and Away as Helen Poulos.

Toppano was married to Prisoner co-star Barry Quin who portrayed Dr. Greg Miller and subsequently TV executive and billionaire business mogul Kerry Stokes.

Early life
Toppano was born in Finsbury Park, London, England in 1952. and grew up in Cammeray, New South Wales. The daughter of Enzo Toppano, a child performer and musician of Italian descent and Margaret Joan "Peggy" (nee Mortimer) (1927-2003), a vaudevillian, singer, dancer and actress, who also excelled as a composer and lyricist. she has two younger brothers: Lorenzo and Dean. At 16 she won a ballet scholarship to study in Cannes, Southern France. She returned to Australia to study drama at the Ensemble Theatre under director Hayes Gordon.

Television and film
Toppano's television credits include "Lena" in Piccolo Mondo for SBS, in Prisoner, as original character Karen Travers (a role created for her by producer/writer Reg Watson); in All the Rivers Run, as Eunice Pyke; and in Fields of Fire, as Gina Agostini. Other appearances include Heartbreak High as Stella on Network Ten and in Bordertown for ABC Television as Diomira.

She also appeared in A Country Practice, G.P., E Street and Flying Doctors. She played Kate in the ABC miniseries The Paper Man with Oliver Tobias, John Bach and Rebecca Gilling (her co-star from Return To Eden), and starred with John Waters and Cybill Shepherd in the 1991 miniseries Which Way Home. Toppano played a recast Jilly Stewart in Return to Eden and starred in Home and Away as Helen Poulas.

Film credits include Seeing Red, Harbour Beat and Echoes of Paradise, directed by Phillip Noyce. Toppano was nominated for an AFI Award for her work in Street Hero, directed by Michael Pattinson with Vince Colosimo. Other nominations include The Sydney Theatre Critic's Award for her performance in 'Danny and the Deep Blue Sea'. Toppano received two Logie nominations for her work in 'Fields of Fire' as Gina Agostini, and Uke in' Water Under the Bridge'.

Stage (drama and musicals)
Toppano she played Juanita in Sue Woolf's multi-award-winning novel Leaning Towards Infinity in 1997, adapted for stage at the Ensemble theatre.

While living in Perth, Toppano played "Coral" and later "Gwen" in Michael Gow's Away, "Ruth" in Louis Nowra's Così for the Black Swan Theatre Company and Blood Moon for Theatre West.

She starred in a one-woman play written by Heather Nimmo, directed by Leith Taylor called One Small Step. Toppano played "Countess De Lage" in The Women by Clare Boothe Luce with students from Theatre Nepean, directed by Mary-Ann Gifford.

She played "Beth" in Merrily We Roll Along for the Sydney Theatre Company.

Toppano played "Fantine" in Les Misérables for the Cameron Mackintosh organisation in Melbourne, Perth and Brisbane, "Diana Morales" in A Chorus Line for two years in Sydney and Melbourne. She played "Sonia" in They're Playing Our Song in the UK, and celebrated her 21st birthday in Godspell.

She played "Claudia" in the musical Nine, Eliza Doolittle (with Stuart Wagstaff) in My Fair Lady, "Monica" in I Love My Wife, "Roberta" in Danny and the Deep Blue Sea and "Leonarda" in Love and Magic in Mama's Kitchen at the Belvoir St Theatre directed by Teresa Crea.

title: Peta Toppano


text:
Compendium of postage stamp issuers (L)

Each "article" in this category is a collection of entries about several stamp issuers, presented in alphabetical order. The entries are formulated on the micro model and so provide summary information about all known issuers.

See the Category:Compendium of postage stamp issuers page for details of the project.

La Agüera
Lagouira aka La Gouera is a city on the Atlantic coast of Africa at the southern tip of Western Sahara, on the western side of the Ras Nouadhibou peninsula. It was called La Agüera when it came into existence in 1920 as a short-lived Spanish colonial possession. It was originally a Spanish air base. The stamps were other Spanish types overprinted with "La Agüera".

 * Dates :	1920–1924
 * Currency :	100 centimos = 1 peseta

 * Refer :	Spanish West Africa

Labuan

 * Dates :	1879–1906
 * Capital :
 * Currency :	100 cents = 1 dollar

 * Refer :	Straits Settlements

La Canea

 * Refer :	Khania (Italian Post Office)

Lagos

 * Dates :	1874–1906
 * Currency :	12 pence = 1 shilling; 20 shillings = 1 pound

 * Refer :	Nigerian Territories

Laibach (German Occupation)

 * Dates :	1943–1945
 * Capital :	Ljubljana
 * Currency :	100 centesimi = 1 lira

 * Refer :	German Occupation Issues (World War II)

 * See also :	Lubiana (Italian Occupation)

LANSA

 * Dates :	1950–1951
 * Currency :	100 centavos = 1 peso

 * Refer :	Colombian Territories

Laos

 * Dates :	1951 –
 * Capital :	Vientiane
 * Currency :	(1951) 100 cents = 1 piastre
 * (1955) 100 cents = 1 kip

 * Main Article Needed :

Las Bela

 * Dates :	1897 only
 * Capital :	Bela
 * Currency :	12 pies = 1 anna; 16 annas = 1 rupee

 * Refer :	Indian Native States

Latakia

 * Dates :	1931–1937
 * Capital :	Latakia
 * Currency : 	100 centimes = 1 piastre

 * Refer :	Alaouites

 * See also :	Syria

Lattaquie

 * Refer :	Latakia

Latvia

 * Dates :	1991 –
 * Capital :	Riga
 * Currency :	(1991) 100 kopecks = 1 Latvian rouble
 * (1993) 100 santimu = 1 lats

 * Main Article Needed :

 * Includes :	Latvia (pre–Soviet)

 * See also :	Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)

Latvia (pre-Soviet)

 * Dates :	1918–1940
 * Capital :	Riga
 * Currency :	(1918) 100 kopecks = 1 Latvian rouble
 * (1923) 100 santimi (centimes) = 1 lats

 * Refer :	Latvia

Latvia (German Occupation)

 * Dates :	1941 only
 * Currency :	100 kopecks = 1 Russian ruble

 * Refer :	German Occupation Issues (World War II)

Latvija

 * Refer :	Latvia

League of Nations (Geneva)

 * Dates :	1922–1944
 * Currency :	100 centimes = 1 franc

 * Refer :	International Organisations

Lebanon

 * Dates :	1924 –
 * Capital :	Beirut
 * Currency :	100 centimes = 1 piastre

 * Main Article Needed :

 * Includes :	Greater Lebanon

Leeward Islands

 * Dates :	1890–1956
 * Capital :	St John's (Antigua)
 * Currency : 	(1890) 12 pence = 1 shilling; 20 shillings = 1 pound
 * (1951) 100 cents = 1 dollar

 * Main Article Postage stamps and postal history of the Leeward Islands

Leipzig

 * Refer :	North West Saxony (Russian Zone)

Lemnos

 * Dates :	1912–1913
 * Capital :	Kastron
 * Currency : 	100 lepta = 1 drachma

 * Refer :	Greek Occupation Issues

Lero

 * Refer :	Leros

Leros

 * Dates :	1912–1932
 * Capital :	Ayia Marina
 * Currency : 	100 centesimi = 1 lira

 * Refer :	Aegean Islands (Dodecanese)

Lesbos

 * Dates :	1912–1913
 * Capital :	Mytilene
 * Currency : 	Greek and Turkish both used

 * Refer :	Greek Occupation Issues

Lesotho

 * Dates :	1966 –
 * Capital :	Maseru
 * Currency :	100 cents = 1 rand

 * Main Article : Postage stamps and postal history of Lesotho

 * See also :	Basutoland

Lesser Sunda Islands

 * Refer :	Japanese Naval Control Area

Levant

 * Refer :	Free French Forces in the Levant

Liban

 * Refer :	Lebanon

Liberia

 * Dates :	1860 –
 * Capital :	Monrovia
 * Currency :	100 cents = 1 dollar

 * Main Article Needed :

Libia

 * Refer :	Libya

Libya

 * Dates :	1912 –
 * Capital :	Tripoli
 * Currency : 	(1912) 100 centesimi = 1 lira
 * (1950) 1000 milliemes = 1 Libyan pound
 * (1972) 1000 dirhams = 1 dinar

 * Main Article Needed :

Libya (Italian Post Offices)

 * Refer :	Benghazi (Italian Post Office);
 * Tripoli (Italian Post Office)

Liechtenstein

 * Dates :	1912 –
 * Capital :	Vaduz
 * Currency :	(1912) 100 heller = 1 krone
 * (1921) 100 rappen = 1 (Swiss) franc

 * Main Article Needed :

Lietuva

 * Refer :	Lithuania

Limnos

 * Refer :	Lemnos

Lipsos

 * Dates :	1912–1932
 * Capital :
 * Currency : 	100 centesimi = 1 lira

 * Refer :	Aegean Islands (Dodecanese)

Lisso

 * Refer :	Lipsos

Lithuania

 * Dates :	1990 –
 * Capital :	Vilnius
 * Currency :	(1990) 100 kopecks = 1 Russian ruble
 * (1992) talonas
 * (1993) 100 centu = 1 Lithuanian litas

 * Main Article Needed :

 * Includes :	Lithuania (pre–Soviet)

 * See also :	Klaipėda;
 * Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)

Lithuania (pre-Soviet)

 * Dates :	1918–1940
 * Capital :	Vilnius
 * Currency :	(1918) 100 skatiku = 1 auksinas
 * (1922) 100 centu = 1 litas

 * Refer :	Lithuania

Lithuania (German Occupation)

 * Dates :	1941 only
 * Currency :	100 kopecks = 1 Russian ruble

 * Refer :	German Occupation Issues (World War II)

 * See also :	Ostland

Lithuanian Occupation of Memel

 * Refer :	Klaipėda

Litwa Srodkowa

 * Refer :	Central Lithuania (Polish Occupation)

Livonia

 * Refer :	Wenden

Lombardy & Venetia

 * Dates :	1850–1866
 * Capital :	Milan (to 1859); Venice (1859–66)
 * Currency :	(1850) 100 centesimi = 1 lira
 * (1858) 100 soldi = 1 florin
 * (1858) 100 kreutzer = 1 florin

 * Main Article Needed :

 * See also :	Austria

Long Island (British Occupation)

 * Dates :	1916 only
 * Currency :	12 pence = 1 shilling; 20 shillings = 1 pound

 * Refer :	British Occupation Issues

Lorraine (German Occupation)

 * Dates :	1940–1941
 * Currency :	100 pfennige = 1 mark

 * Refer :	German Occupation Issues (World War II)

Lothringen

 * Refer :	Lorraine (German Occupation)

Lourenço Marques

 * Dates :	1895–1921
 * Currency :	(1895) 1000 reis = 1 milreis
 * (1912) 100 centavos = 1 escudo

 * Refer :	Mozambique Territories

Lübeck

 * Dates :	1859–1868
 * Currency :	16 schillinge = 1 mark

 * Refer :	German States

Lubiana (Italian Occupation)

 * Dates :	1941 only
 * Currency :	100 paras = 1 dinar

 * Refer :	Italian Occupation Issues

 * See also :	Laibach (German Occupation)

Lucca

 * Refer :	Tuscany

Luxembourg

 * Dates :	1852 –
 * Capital :	Luxembourg
 * Currency : 	(1852) 121/2 centimes = 1 silver groschen; 100 centimes = 1 franc
 * (1940) 100 pfennige = 1 reichsmark
 * (1944) 100 centimes = 1 franc
 * (2002) 100 cent = 1 euro

 * Main Article Needed :

Luxembourg (German Occupation)

 * Dates :	1940–1944
 * Currency :	100 pfennige = 1 reichsmark

 * Refer :	German Occupation Issues (WW2)

Lydenburg

 * Dates :	1900–1902
 * Currency :	12 pence = 1 shilling; 20 shillings = 1 pound

 * Refer :	Transvaal

title: Compendium of postage stamp issuers (L)


text:
Kika de la Garza

Eligio "Kika" de la Garza II (September 22, 1927 – March 13, 2017) was an American lawyer, Korean War veteran, and politician who served 16 consecutive terms as the Democratic representative for the TX's 15th congressional district of Texas from January 3, 1965, to January 3, 1997.

Early life
De la Garza was born on September 22, 1927 and grew up in the city of Mission in Hidalgo County.

Military career
At the age of 17, he entered the United States Navy and served for two years. De la Garza chose to continue his education at Edinburg Junior College and the United States Army Artillery School at Fort Sill in Oklahoma.

Korean War
For two years beginning in 1952, he was a lieutenant in the Army, serving in the 37th Field Artillery Regiment deployed in the Korean War.

Legal career
After returning home, he completed his law degree at St. Mary's University School of Law in San Antonio.

Texas legislature
After practicing law for several years in the Rio Grande Valley, he was elected to the Texas House of Representatives, where he served from 1953 to 1965.

While in the state House, de la Garza was known for sponsoring a large amount of legislation in the fields of education and the environment. He authored bills to protect wetlands, create state-sponsored preschools, and create more international bridges to Mexico. He was the only Hispanic member of the Texas House for the first two years of his tenure, but was joined in 1957 by a second Mexican American member, Oscar M. Laurel of Laredo.

Congress
In 1964, de la Garza, a strong supporter of U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson, ran for the United States House of Representatives and won a seat in South Texas. From 1981 to 1994, he was the chairman of the Agriculture Committee, leading the way in passing bills that reorganized the agricultural lending system, the farm insurance system, the United States Department of Agriculture, and pesticide laws.

De la Garza voted in favor of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, the Civil Rights Act of 1968, and called for smoother relations between the U.S. and Mexico. He worked to improve trade between the two nations and was critical in passing the legislation that enacted the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).

Retirement
De la Garza retired from public service in 1997. Upon his return home to Texas, he donated his entire Congressional archive to his alma mater, which had by then been renamed to the University of Texas–Pan American. Currently, the collection is housed at the UTRGV Edinburg Campus library. The archive was unveiled publicly in 2012.

Death and burial
He resided in McAllen, Texas, with his wife Lucille until his death on March 13, 2017, of kidney failure. He is buried at the Valley Memorial Gardens in McAllen.

title: Kika de la Garza


text:
Compendium of postage stamp issuers (Na–Ni)

Each "article" in this category is a collection of entries about several stamp issuers, presented in alphabetical order. The entries are formulated on the micro model and so provide summary information about all known issuers.

See the Category:Compendium of postage stamp issuers page for details of the project.

Nabha

 * Dates :	1885–1948
 * Currency :	12 pies = 1 anna; 16 annas = 1 rupee

 * Refer :	Nabha in Indian Convention states

Nagorno-Karabakh

 * Dates :	1993 –
 * Capital :	Xankändi (Khankendy/Stepanakert)
 * Currency :	(1993) 100 kopecks = 1 Russian rouble
 * (1995) 100 louma = 1 dram

 * Main Article Needed :

Nakhichevan

 * Dates :	1993 only
 * Capital :	Nakhichevan
 * Currency :	100 qopik = 1 manat

 * Refer :	Azerbaijan

Namibia

 * Dates :	1990 –
 * Capital :	Windhoek
 * Currency :	(1990) 100 cents = 1 rand
 * (1993) 100 cents = 1 dollar

 * Main Article Postage stamps and postal history of Namibia

 * See also :	German South West Africa;
 * South West Africa

Nandgaon

 * Dates :	1892–1895
 * Currency :	12 pies = 1 anna; 16 annas = 1 rupee

 * Refer :	Indian Native States

Nangking & Shanghai (Japanese Occupation)

 * Dates :	1941–1945
 * Currency :	(1941) 10 rin = 1 sen, 100 sen = 1 yen
 * (1943) 100 cents = 1 dollar

 * Refer :	Japanese Occupation Issues

Nanumaga

 * Refer :	Tuvalu

Nanumea

 * Refer :	Tuvalu

Naples

 * Dates :	1858–1861
 * Currency :	100 grana = 200 tornesi = 1 ducato

 * Refer :	Italian States

Natal

 * Dates :	1857–1909
 * Capital :	Pietermaritzburg
 * Currency :	12 pence = 1 shilling; 20 shillings = 1 pound

 * Main Article Needed :

 * See also :	Zululand

National Front for Liberation of South Vietnam

 * Dates :	1963–1976
 * Currency :	100 xu = 1 dong

 * Refer :	North Vietnam

Nauru

 * Dates :	1916 –
 * Capital :
 * Currency : 	(1916) 12 pence = 1 shilling; 20 shillings = 1 pound
 * (1966) 100 cents = 1 dollar

 * Main Article Needed :

Nawanager

 * Dates :	1877–1895
 * Currency :	6 docra = 1 anna

 * Refer :	Indian Native States

Neapolitan Provinces

 * Dates :	1861–1862
 * Capital :	Naples
 * Currency :	100 grana = 200 tornesi = 1 ducato

 * Refer :	Italian States

Negri Sembilan

 * Dates :	1891 –
 * Capital :	Seremban
 * Currency :	100 cents = 1 dollar

 * Main Article Needed :

 * See also :	Malaysia

Nejd

 * Dates :	1925–1926
 * Capital :	Riyadh
 * Currency : 	40 paras = 1 piastre

 * Refer :	Saudi Arabia

 * See also :	Hejaz–Nejd

Nepal

 * Dates :	1881 –
 * Capital :	Kathmandu
 * Currency :	(1881) 16 annas = 1 rupee
 * (1907) 64 pice = 1 rupee
 * (1954) 100 paisa = 1 rupee

 * Main Article Needed :

Netherlands

 * Dates :	1852 –
 * Capital :	Amsterdam
 * Currency :	(1852) 100 cents = 1 gulden (florin)
 * (2002) 100 cent = 1 euro

 * Main Article : Postage stamps and postal history of the Netherlands

Netherlands Antilles

 * Dates :	1949–2010
 * Capital :	Willemstad
 * Currency :	100 cents = 1 gulden (florin)

 * See also :	Aruba;
 * Caribbean Netherlands;
 * Curaçao (Curaçao and Dependencies);
 * Curaçao (island country);
 * Sint Maarten;

Netherlands Indies

 * Dates :	1864–1948
 * Capital :	Batavia (Djakarta)
 * Currency :	100 cents = 1 gulden (florin)

 * Main Article Needed :

Netherlands Indies (Japanese Occupation)

 * Dates :
 * Currency :	100 sen (cents) = 1 rupee (gulden)

 * Refer :	Japanese Occupation Issues

Netherlands New Guinea

 * Dates :	1950–1962
 * Capital :	Hollandia (Djayapura)
 * Currency :	100 cents = 1 gulden (florin)

 * Main Article Needed :

 * See also :	Netherlands Indies;
 * West Irian;
 * West New Guinea

Nevis

 * Dates :	1980 –
 * Capital :	Charlestown
 * Currency :	100 cents = 1 dollar

 * Main Article Needed :

 * Includes :	Nevis (British Colonial Issues)

 * See also :	St Christopher Nevis & Anguilla

Nevis (British Colonial Issues)

 * Dates :	1861–1890
 * Capital :	Charlestown
 * Currency :	12 pence = 1 shilling; 20 shillings = 1 pound

 * Refer :	Nevis

New Amsterdam

 * Refer :	French Southern & Antarctic Territories

New Brunswick

 * Dates :	1851–1868
 * Capital :	Fredericton
 * Currency : 	(1851) 12 pence = 1 shilling; 20 shillings = 1 pound
 * (1860) 100 cents = 1 dollar

 * Refer :	Canadian Provinces

New Caledonia

 * Dates :	1860 –
 * Capital :	Noumea
 * Currency :	100 centimes = 1 franc

 * Main Article Needed :

New Carlisle (Gaspé)

 * Dates :	1851 only
 * Currency :	12 pence = 1 shilling; 20 shillings = 1 pound

 * Refer :	Canadian Provinces

Newfoundland

 * Dates :	1857–1949
 * Capital :	St John's
 * Currency : 	(1857) 12 pence = 1 shilling; 20 shillings = 1 pound
 * (1861) 100 cents = 1 dollar

 * Main article : Postage stamps and postal history of Newfoundland

 * Refer :	Canadian Provinces

New Granada

 * Dates :	1861 only
 * Capital :	Bogotá
 * Currency :	100 centavos = 1 peso

 * Refer :	Colombian Territories

New Guinea (Australian Administration)

 * Dates :	1925–1942
 * Capital :	Rabaul
 * Currency :	12 pence = 1 shilling; 20 shillings = 1 pound

 * Refer :	Papua New Guinea

New Hebrides

 * Dates :	1908–1980
 * Capital :	Vila
 * Currency : 	(1908) French and British used concurrently
 * (1938) 100 gold centimes = 1 gold franc
 * (1977) 100 centimes = 1 franc

 * See also :	Vanuatu

New Republic

 * Dates :	1886–1888
 * Capital :	Vrijheid
 * Currency :	12 pence = 1 shilling; 20 shillings = 1 pound

 * Refer :	Transvaal

New South Wales

 * Dates :	1850–1913
 * Capital :	Sydney
 * Currency :	12 pence = 1 shilling; 20 shillings = 1 pound

 * See also :	Australia

New York

 * Refer :	United Nations (UN)

New Zealand

 * Dates :	1855 –
 * Capital :	Wellington
 * Currency :	(1855) 12 pence = 1 shilling; 20 shillings = 1 pound
 * (1967) 100 cents = 1 dollar

 * Main Article Needed :

New Zealand Territories

 * Main Article Needed :

 * Includes :	King Edward VII Land;
 * Victoria Land

NF

 * Refer :	Nyasa–Rhodesian Force (NF)

Nicaragua

 * Dates :	1862 –
 * Capital :	Managua
 * Currency :	(1862) 100 centavos = 1 peso
 * (1925) 100 centavos = 1 cordoba

 * Main Article Needed :

Niger

 * Dates :	1959 –
 * Capital :	Niamey
 * Currency :	100 centimes = 1 franc

 * Main Article Needed :

 * Includes :	Niger (French Colony)

 * See also :	French West Africa

Niger (French Colony)

 * Dates :	1921–1944
 * Capital :	Niamey
 * Currency :	100 centimes = 1 franc

 * Refer :	Niger

Niger Coast Protectorate

 * Dates :	1892–1902
 * Capital :	Enugu
 * Currency :	12 pence = 1 shilling; 20 shillings = 1 pound

 * Refer :	Nigerian Territories

Nigeria

 * Dates :	1914 –
 * Capital :	Lagos
 * Currency :	(1914) 12 pence = 1 shilling; 20 shillings = 1 pound
 * (1973) 100 kobo = 1 naira

 * Main Article Needed :

Nigerian Territories

 * Main Article Needed :

 * Includes :	Biafra;
 * Lagos;
 * Niger Coast Protectorate;
 * Northern Nigeria;
 * Oil Rivers Protectorate;
 * Southern Cameroons;
 * Southern Nigeria


text:
Compendium of postage stamp issuers (Ni–Nz)

Each "article" in this category is a collection of entries about several stamp issuers, presented in alphabetical order. The entries are formulated on the micro model and so provide summary information about all known issuers.

See the Category:Compendium of postage stamp issuers page for details of the project.

Nisiro/Nisiros

 * Refer :	Nisyros

Nisyros

 * Dates :	1912 – 1932
 * Capital :	Mandrakhi
 * Currency : 	100 centesimi = 1 lira

 * Refer :	Aegean Islands (Dodecanese)

Niuafo'ou

 * Dates :	1983 –
 * Capital :
 * Currency :	100 seniti = 1 pa'anga

 * Main Article Needed :

Niue

 * Dates :	1902 –
 * Capital :	Alofi
 * Currency :	(1902) 12 pence = 1 shilling; 20 shillings = 1 pound
 * (1967) 100 cents = 1 dollar

 * Main Article Needed :

Niutao

 * Refer :	Tuvalu

Norfolk Island

 * Dates :	1947 –
 * Capital :	Kingston
 * Currency :	(1947) 12 pence = 1 shilling; 20 shillings = 1 pound
 * (1966) 100 cents = 1 dollar

 * Main Article : Postage stamps and postal history of Norfolk Island

Norge

 * Refer :	Norway

North Borneo

 * Dates :	1883 – 1963
 * Capital :	Jesselton (Kota Kinabalu)
 * Currency :	100 cents = 1 Malayan dollar

 * Main Article Needed :

 * See also :	Sabah

North Borneo (British Military Administration)

 * Dates :	1945 only
 * Currency : 	100 cents = 1 Malayan dollar

 * Refer :	BA/BMA Issues

North Borneo (Japanese Occupation)

 * Dates :	1942 – 1945
 * Currency :	(1942) 100 cents = 1 dollar
 * (1945) 10 rin = 1 sen; 100 sen = 1 yen

 * Refer :	Japanese Occupation Issues

North China (Japanese Occupation)

 * Dates :	1942 – 1945
 * Currency :	100 cents = 1 dollar

 * Refer :	Japanese Occupation Issues

North China (People's Post)

 * Dates :	1948 – 1950
 * Currency :	100 cents = 1 dollar

 * Refer :	CPR Regional Issues

North East China (People's Post)

 * Dates :	1946 – 1950
 * Currency :	100 cents = 1 dollar

 * Refer :	CPR Regional Issues

North Eastern Provinces

 * Dates :	1946 – 1948
 * Currency :	100 cents = 1 dollar

 * Refer :	Chinese Provinces

North German Confederation

 * Dates :	1868 – 1871
 * Capital :	Berlin
 * Currency :	30 groschen = 1 thaler = 60 kreuzer = 1 gulden

 * Main Article Needed :

 * See also :	German States;
 * Germany (Imperial)

North Ingermanland

 * Dates :	1920 only
 * Capital :
 * Currency :	100 pennia = 1 mark

 * Refer :	Russian Civil War Issues

North Korea

 * Dates :	1948 –
 * Capital :	Pyongyang
 * Currency :	100 chon = 1 won

 * Main Article Postage stamps and postal history of North Korea

 * Includes :	South Korea (North Korean Occupation)

North Korea (Russian Occupation)

 * Dates :	1946 – 1948
 * Currency :	100 chon = 1 won

 * Refer :	Russian Occupation Issues

North Vietnam

 * Dates :	1946 – 1976
 * Capital :	Hanoi
 * Currency :	(1946) 100 cents = 1 dong
 * (1959) 100 xu = 1 dong

 * Main Article Needed :

 * Includes :	National Front for Liberation of South Vietnam

 * See also :	South Vietnam;
 * Vietnam

North West China (People's Post)

 * Dates :	1949 only
 * Currency :	100 cents = 1 dollar

 * Refer :	CPR Regional Issues

North West Pacific Islands

 * Dates :	1915 – 1925
 * Capital :	Rabaul
 * Currency :	12 pence = 1 shilling; 20 shillings = 1 pound

 * Refer :	Papua New Guinea

North West Russia

 * Refer :	North Western Army;
 * Northern Army;
 * Western Army

North West Saxony (Russian Zone)

 * Dates :	1945 – 1946
 * Capital :	Leipzig
 * Currency :	100 pfennige = 1 mark

 * Refer :	Germany (Allied Occupation)

North Western Army

 * Dates :	1919 – 1920
 * Currency :	100 kopecks = 1 Russian ruble

 * Refer :	Russian Civil War Issues

Northern Army

 * Dates :	1919 – 1920
 * Currency :	100 kopecks = 1 Russian ruble

 * Refer :	Russian Civil War Issues

Northern Epirus

 * Refer :	Epirus

Northern Ireland

 * Dates :	1958 –
 * Capital :	Belfast
 * Currency :	(1958) 12 pence = 1 shilling; 20 shillings = 1 pound
 * (1971) 100 pence = 1 pound

 * Refer :	Great Britain (Regional Issues)

Northern Nigeria

 * Dates :	1900 – 1914
 * Capital :	Kaduna
 * Currency :	12 pence = 1 shilling; 20 shillings = 1 pound

 * Refer :	Nigerian Territories

Northern Rhodesia

 * Dates :	1925 – 1964
 * Capital :	Lusaka
 * Currency :	12 pence = 1 shilling; 20 shillings = 1 pound

 * Main Article Needed :

 * See also :	Zambia

Northern Territory

 * Refer :	South Australia

Northern Zone, Morocco

 * Dates :	1956 – 1958
 * Capital :	Tetuan
 * Currency :	100 centimos = 1 peseta

 * Refer :	Morocco

 * See also :	Spanish Morocco

Norway

 * Dates :	1855 –
 * Capital :	Oslo
 * Currency :	(1855) 120 skilling = 1 speciedaler
 * (1877) 100 ore = 1 krone

 * Main Article Needed :

Norwegian Dependency

 * Refer :	Norway

Nossi-Be

 * Dates :	1889 – 1891
 * Capital :	Hell-Ville
 * Currency :	100 centimes = 1 franc

 * Refer :	Madagascar & Dependencies

Nova Scotia

 * Dates :	1853 – 1868
 * Capital :	Halifax
 * Currency :	(1853) 12 pence = 1 shilling; 20 shillings = 1 pound
 * (1860) 100 cents = 1 dollar

 * Refer :	Canadian Provinces

Nowanuggur

 * Refer :	Nawanager

Nui

 * Refer :	Tuvalu

Nukufetau

 * Refer :	Tuvalu

Nukulaelae

 * Refer :	Tuvalu

Nyasaland Protectorate

 * Dates :	1907 – 1964
 * Capital :	Zomba
 * Currency :	12 pence = 1 shilling; 20 shillings = 1 pound

 * Main Article Needed :

 * Includes :	Nyasa-Rhodesian Force (NF)

 * See also :	British Central Africa;
 * Malawi

Nyasa-Rhodesian Force (NF)

 * Dates :	1916 only
 * Currency :	12 pence = 1 shilling; 20 shillings = 1 pound

 * Refer :	Nyasaland Protectorate

Nyassa / Nyassa Company

 * Dates :	1897 – 1929
 * Capital :	Pemba
 * Currency :	(1897) 1000 reis = 1 milreis
 * (1913) 100 centavos = 1 escudo

 * Refer : Postage stamps and postal history of the Nyassa Company

 * See also : Nyassa Company


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/B683 road

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. R e  dwolf24  (talk) 01:07, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

B683 road
While major highways are encyclopedic, B roads are not. Radiant_ >|< 11:46, August 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. User:SPUI is entirely aware of the discussion around whether or not all B roads are notable, and is making a WP:POINT. Proto t c 11:51, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete This road is entirely unremarkable. It's not the longest nor the shortest of its kind, it doesn't appear to be particularly dangerous and it's not a famous location. Just the fact it's there is not enough to include it. - Mgm|(talk) 12:28, August 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep all B roads. --SPUI (talk) 14:25, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. We are in the middle of a debate over all B roads. Currently, there are 17 votes for delete all, 2 for keep all, and (I think) 11 for keep only notable, listify rest. Sdedeo 15:22, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * There is no vote, only a "discussion". --SPUI (talk) 16:04, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, per the consensus on B-roads. Pilatus 15:27, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * There is no consensus on B roads, so I have struck out the lies. --SPUI (talk) 16:02, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per Pilatus Tonywalton | Talk 15:42, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge into List of B roads in Great Britain then delete. — RJH 16:20, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, preferably after info is added to List of B roads in Great Britain. Gazpacho 16:41, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete minor uninteresting road. One of thousands. --TimPope 16:56, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - in my opinion there is a rough consensus, though certainly not unanimity, in the discussion on B-roads. Regardless of whether or not consensus exists, for someone heavily involved in that discussion to create new B-road stubs while that discussion is ongoing is unwise, and borders on disrupting Wikipedia to make a point. OpenToppedBus - Talk to the driver 17:09, August 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Keep any road that makes a claim to notability, unlike this one. Fernando Rizo T/C 17:22, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - forget WP:POINT, this borders on trolling. the wub  "?/!"  20:58, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. ~⌈Markaci⌋ 2005-08-23 T 21:22:41 Z
 * Delete, there really isn't anything interesting, notable, encyclopedic or informative about a B road. The discussion appears to have a rough consensus against B-roads too, and I question the wisdom, if not the reason, of creating such articles with that borne in mind. -Splash 22:25, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: not notable. Jonathunder 22:28, 2005 August 23 (UTC)
 * Delete'. No claim to notability. Not notable just by being. Tear up the tarmack and return the fields of bytes to the clean green way nature intended. Sabine's Sunbird 01:39, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, verifiable. Notability is not a criterion for deletion.  JYolkowski // talk 01:41, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Pointless, unencyclopedic, and trivial roadcruft substub, not to mention disruption to make a point. --Calton | Talk 01:47, August 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and expand. I humbly submit that author and nominator are equally guilty of breaching WP:POINT.  -- Visviva 04:26, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Gamaliel 05:54, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Transportation-related deletions.  -- Visviva 12:16, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - WP:POINT, stop cluttering up Wiki with roadcruft. If the B road is notable, it'll have an actual name, I have a feeling that the author has never actually seen a B road.  - Hahnchen 00:07, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete this is as ridiculous as that 56th street...  Grue   19:54, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/B6186 road

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. R e  dwolf24  (talk) 01:17, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

B6186 road
While major highways are encyclopedic, B roads are not. Radiant_ >|< 11:46, August 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. User:SPUI is entirely aware of the discussion around whether or not all B roads are notable, and is making a WP:POINT. Proto t c 11:51, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * This is not disrupting Wikipedia. Thus I have struck through your baseless accusation. --SPUI (talk) 14:37, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * While I agree that the article itself is not disruptive, striking through the comments of others because you disagree is disruptive and unacceptable. Kindly refrain. -- Visviva 12:19, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete see VFD on B683 road. - Mgm|(talk) 12:29, August 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep all B roads. --SPUI (talk) 14:25, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. We are in the middle of a debate over all B roads. Currently, there are 17 votes for delete all, 2 for keep all, and (I think) 11 for keep only notable, listify rest. Sdedeo 15:22, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep lots of people drive on this road. Klonimus 09:14, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * There is no vote, only a "discussion". --SPUI (talk) 16:04, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, per the consensus on B-roads. Pilatus 15:27, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * There is no consensus on B roads, so I have struck out the lies. --SPUI (talk) 16:02, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, per Pilatus Tonywalton | Talk 15:43, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge into List of B roads in Great Britain where it is already covered, then delete. — RJH 16:18, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: not notable. Jonathunder 22:29, 2005 August 23 (UTC)
 * Delete, per the way the wind is blowing in the consensus debate.Gateman1997 16:38, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not specifically notable. Gazpacho 16:42, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete minor uninteresting road. One of thousands. --TimPope 16:57, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - in my opinion there is a rough consensus, though certainly not unanimity, in the discussion on B-roads. Regardless of whether or not consensus exists, for someone heavily involved in that discussion to create new B-road stubs while that discussion is ongoing is at the very least unwise, and borders on disrupting Wikipedia to make a point. OpenToppedBus - Talk to the driver 17:17, August 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Roads are not inherently notable. Fernando Rizo T/C 17:25, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - forget WP:POINT, this borders on trolling. the wub  "?/!"  21:01, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. ~⌈Markaci⌋ 2005-08-23 T 21:20:53 Z
 * Delete, there really isn't anything interesting, notable, encyclopedic or informative about a B road. The discussion appears to have a rough consensus against B-roads too, and I question the wisdom, if not the reason, of creating such articles with that borne in mind. -Splash 22:25, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable road. Sabine's Sunbird 01:40, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, verifiable. Notability is not a criterion for deletion.  A merge is okay with me as well.  JYolkowski // talk 01:41, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Pointless, unencyclopedic, and trivial substub roadcruft, not to mention disruption to make a point. --Calton | Talk 01:46, August 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Gamaliel 05:55, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Transportation-related deletions.  -- Visviva 12:16, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete this and other ones.  Grue   19:55, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - Same reasoning as others. B roads are minor country routes, see arguments in the consensus debate. - Hahnchen 01:04, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Rob Vincent

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Speedily deleted by some other admin. R e  dwolf24  (talk) 01:19, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

Rob Vincent
Non notable bio--K URANDO 11:47, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete as nn-bio. Tagged. --GraemeL (talk) 12:44, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment This article is not a speedy, as it asserts notability. --Ryan Delaney talk 13:30, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I can't see any such assertion. What do you see as a claim to notability? I don't want to make the same mistake again. --GraemeL (talk) 13:42, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * "His actvities in hacker culture include projects for the Phone Losers of America (for which he emceed a panel at The Fifth H.O.P.E.,) writing and editing the Phone Losers of America spinoff zine United Phone Losers, and regular attendance of the New York City 2600 meetings." It's a patently absurd claim of notability, but it's a claim nonetheless. --Ryan Delaney talk 02:09, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * That interpretation would make WP:CSD A7 pointless. If a claim is patently absurd it isn't in this sense a claim at all. But in this case, it isn't a question of absurdity. If those statements are true it still doesn't make the person notable for wikipedia purposes, not even arguably. Thus what they claim isn't "notability". This should be speedy deleted. DES (talk) 15:57, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree that in its current form, CSD A7 is far too weak. But that's what it says. --Ryan Delaney talk 17:09, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * See` Wikipedia talk:Criteria for speedy deletion for my views on this at greatger length. These views are not accepted by all. But I think pretty much every one would accpt that a claim which, if absloutely true would not be notable enough for a wikipedia article is not a "claim of notability" under A7. Check the debates at Criteria for speedy deletion/Proposal/1 to see what people said as they were discussing what became CSD`A7. DES (talk) 18:42, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Reserved. I have greeted and pointed the intial editor here. Also gave heads up to RV himself. Alf 14:01, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy Delete I see no assertion of notability. Friday (talk) 15:49, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete under WP:CSD A7 and so tagged. I so no claim of notaility here. DES (talk) 17:51, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Comment Everyone who's voted so far has said speedy delete. Why do the speedy tags keep getting removed?  This seems a textbook case of A7, as explained above.  Friday (talk) 17:14, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete - non notable JoJan 18:40, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Compendium of postage stamp issuers (Pa–Pl)

Each "article" in this category is a collection of entries about several stamp issuers, presented in alphabetical order. The entries are formulated on the micro model and so provide summary information about all known issuers.

See the Category:Compendium of postage stamp issuers page for details of the project.

Packhoi

 * Refer :	Pakhoi (Indochinese Post Office)

Pahang

 * Dates :	1889 –
 * Capital :	Kuantan
 * Currency :	100 cents = 1 dollar

 * Main Article Needed :

 * See also :	Malaysia

Pakhoi (Indochinese Post Office)

 * Dates :	1903 – 1922
 * Currency :	100 centimes = 1 franc

 * Refer :	China (Indochinese Post Offices)

Pakistan

 * Dates :	1947 –
 * Capital :	Islamabad
 * Currency :	(1947) 12 pies = 1 anna; 16 annas = 1 rupee
 * (1961) 100 paisa = 1 rupee

 * Main Article Needed :

Palau

 * Dates :	1983 –
 * Capital :	Koror
 * Currency :	100 cents = 1 dollar

 * Main Article : Postage stamps and postal history of Palau

Palestine (British Mandate)

 * Dates :	1918 – 1948
 * Capital :	Jerusalem
 * Currency :	(1918) 1000 millièmes = 100 piastre = 1 pound
 * (1927) 1000 mils = 1 pound (in parity to Pound Sterling)

 * Main Article : Postal history of Palestine

Palestine (Egyptian Rule)
Area: Gaza Strip, during 1948 briefly also Southern parts of the West Bank.

 * Dates :	1948 – 1967
 * Currency :	1000 milliemes = 100 piastres = 1 pound

 * Refer :	Egyptian Occupation Issues

 * See also :	Gaza (Egyptian Occupation)

Palestine (Jordanian Rule)

 * Dates :	1948 – 1950
 * Currency :	1000 mils = 1 pound

 * Refer :	Jordan

Palestinian Authority
An agreement was signed in Washington on 13 September 1993 between Israel and Yasser Arafat's PLO (Palestine Liberation Organisation) which recognised the right of Palestinian self-rule in the Gaza Strip and an enclave on the West Bank around Jericho. It was confirmed by the Cairo Agreement of 4 May 1994.

The Palestinians began issuing stamps in 1994 with the inscription The Palestinian Authority.

 * Dates :	1994 –
 * Capital :	Jerusalem ( claimed ) / Ramallah ( de facto )
 * Currency :	(1994) mils
 * (1995) 1000 fils = 1 Jordanian dinar

 * Main Article : Postage stamps and postal history of the Palestinian National Authority

Panama

 * Dates :	1878 –
 * Capital :	Panama City
 * Currency :	(1878) 100 centavos = 1 peso
 * (1906) 100 centesimos = 1 balboa

 * Main Article Needed :

Panama Canal

 * Refer :	Canal Zone

Papal States

 * Dates :	1852 – 1870
 * Capital :	Rome
 * Currency :	(1852) 100 bajocchi = 1 scudo
 * (1866) 100 centesimi = 1 lira

 * Refer :	Italian States

Papua

 * Dates :	1906 – 1942
 * Capital :	Port Moresby
 * Currency :	12 pence = 1 shilling; 20 shillings = 1 pound

 * Refer :	Papua New Guinea

Papua New Guinea

 * Dates :	1952 –
 * Capital :	Port Moresby
 * Currency :	(1952) 12 pence = 1 shilling; 20 shillings = 1 pound
 * (1966) 100 cents = 1 dollar
 * (1975) 100 toea = 1 kina

 * Main Article : Postage stamps and postal history of Papua New Guinea

 * Includes :	British New Guinea;
 * New Guinea (Australian Administration);
 * North West Pacific Islands;
 * Papua

 * See also :	German New Guinea

Paraguay

 * Dates :	1870 –
 * Capital :	Asunción
 * Currency :	(1870) 8 reales = 1 peso
 * (1878) 100 centavos = 1 peso
 * (1944) 100 centimos = 1 guarani

 * Main Article Needed :

Parma

 * Dates :	1852 – 1860
 * Currency :	100 centesimi = 1 lira

 * Refer :	Italian States

Patiala

 * Dates :	1884 – 1947
 * Currency :	12 pies = 1 anna; 16 annas = 1 rupee

 * Refer :	Patiala in Indian Convention states

Patmos (Patmo)
Italian colony in the Dodecanese which used the general EGEO issues and had its own stamps inscribed PATMO, the Italian name of the island.

 * Dates :	1912 – 1932
 * Capital :	Patmos
 * Currency : 	100 centesimi = 1 lira

 * Refer :	Aegean Islands (Dodecanese)

Paxos

 * Refer :	Corfu & Paxos (Italian Occupation)

Pechino (Italian Post Office)

 * Dates :	1917 – 1922
 * Currency :	Chinese and Italian both used

 * Refer :	Italian Post Offices Abroad

Peking (Foreign Post Offices)

 * Refer :	French Post Offices Abroad;
 * French Post Offices Abroad;
 * Italian Post Offices Abroad;
 * Russian Post Offices Abroad

Penang

 * Dates :	1948 –
 * Capital :	George Town
 * Currency :	100 cents = 1 dollar

 * Main Article Needed :

 * See also :	Malaysia

Penrhyn Island

 * Dates :	1973 –
 * Capital :
 * Currency :	100 cents = 1 dollar

 * Main Article Needed :

 * Includes :	Penrhyn Island (New Zealand Administration)

Penrhyn Island (New Zealand Administration)
Stamps of Cook Islands were used 1932–73.

 * Dates :	1902 – 1932
 * Capital :
 * Currency :	12 pence = 1 shilling; 20 shillings = 1 pound

 * Refer :	Penrhyn Island

Perak

 * Dates :	1878 –
 * Capital :	Ipoh
 * Currency :	100 cents = 1 dollar

 * Main Article Needed :

 * See also :	Malaysia

Perlis

 * Dates :	1948 –
 * Capital :	Kangar
 * Currency :	100 cents = 1 dollar

 * Main Article Needed :

 * See also :	Malaysia

Persekutuan Tanah Melayu

 * Refer :	Malayan Federation

Persia

 * Dates :	1868 – 1935
 * Capital :	Tehran
 * Currency :	(1868) 20 shahis = 1 kran; 10 krans = 1 toman
 * (1881) 100 centimes = 1 franc
 * (1885) 20 chahis = 1 kran; 10 krans = 1 toman
 * (1932) 100 dinars = 1 rial; 20 rials = 1 pahlavi

 * Refer :	Iran

Peru

 * Dates :	1858 –
 * Capital :	Lima
 * Currency :	(1857) 8 reales = 1 peso
 * (1858) 100 centavos = 10 dineros = 5 pesetas = 1 peso
 * (1874) 100 centavos = 1 sol

 * Main Article Needed :

Peter I Island

 * Refer :	Norwegian Dependency

Philippines

 * Dates :	1946 –
 * Capital :	Manila (note: Quezon City was the capital 1948–1976)
 * Currency :	(1946) 100 centavos = 1 peso
 * (1962) 100 sentimos = 1 peso

 * Main Article Needed :

 * See also :	Philippines (US Administration);
 * Spanish Philippines

Philippines (Japanese Occupation)

 * Dates :	1942 – 1945
 * Currency :	100 centavos = 1 peso

 * Refer :	Japanese Occupation Issues

Philippines (US Administration)

 * Dates :	1899 – 1945
 * Capital :	Manila
 * Currency :	(1899) 100 cents = 1 dollar
 * (1906) 100 centavos = 1 peso

 * Refer :	US Post Abroad

Piedmont
Piedmont is a region of NW Italy, bounded by Lombardy, France and Switzerland. Formerly part of the historic Duchy of Savoy, it was annexed by the French Republic in 1792. By the Treaty of Vienna 1815, it combined with the island of Sardinia to form a state officially known as the Kingdom of Sardinia. However, Turin was the capital and Piedmont, one of the most dynamic nations of 19th century Europe, is the name generally used by historians. The island of Sardinia was very much the junior partner. Piedmont's most prominent figure was Count Camillo Cavour (1810–61), the statesman who inspired and forged the unification of Italy under Piedmont's leadership.

Stamps were issued in Turin on 1 January 1851 but do not show the country's name. The first stamps of unified Italy, issued in 1862, were also printed in Turin.

In the catalogues, Gibbons list the Piedmont/Sardinia stamps under Sardinia. This is strictly correct but, in view of the historical prominence of Piedmont, this work follows the accepted practice of most historians. The relative insignificance of the island of Sardinia is perhaps best illustrated by the fact that Cavour, although a noted traveller, never actually visited it!

 * Dates :	1851 – 1862
 * Capital :	Turin
 * Currency :	100 centesimi = 1 lira

 * Refer :	Italian States

 * See also :	Sardinia

Pietersburg

 * Dates :	1901 only
 * Currency :	12 pence = 1 shilling; 20 shillings = 1 pound

 * Refer :	Transvaal

Pirate Coast

 * Refer :	Trucial States

Piscopi

 * Refer :	Telos

Pitcairn Islands

 * Dates :	1940 –
 * Capital :	Adamstown
 * Currency :	(1940) 12 pence = 1 shilling; 20 shillings = 1 pound
 * (1968) 100 cents = 1 dollar

 * Main Article Needed :

Plebiscite Issues

 * Main Article Needed :

 * Includes :	Allenstein;
 * Carinthia;
 * East Silesia;
 * Marienwerder;
 * Slesvig, 1920, issued by Commission Interalliée Slesvig;
 * Upper Silesia


text:
Radiator (album)

Radiator is the second studio album by Welsh alternative rock band Super Furry Animals. It was released in August 1997 by Creation Records, and later the same year in the United States under Flydaddy Records. It peaked at number eight on the UK Albums Chart. In 2005, it was reissued with a bonus disc of other tracks from the time.

Singer Gruff Rhys has described Radiator as "more interesting" than the band's debut Fuzzy Logic with the group taking advantage of producer Gorwel Owen's "Atari computers, and banks of old vintage synths" to create an album which was "musically ... much more adventurous". In 2013, NME ranked it at number 92 in its list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time. The Radiator campaign also marked the first time the band worked with graphic artist Pete Fowler, who provided paintings for the album and accompanying singles' sleeve. The band felt working with Fowler had provided them with a distinct visual identity, and apart from Hey Venus! have collaborated together on each album since.

Release and reception
In 2000 Q magazine placed Radiator at number 73 in its list of the 100 Greatest British Albums Ever. Stylus Magazine named Radiator in a list of ten essential albums released by Creation Records in a 2003 article about the label. In a 2017 list of the 50 Best Britpop Albums, Pitchfork placed Radiator at number 39. In 2013, NME ranked it at number 92 in its list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time.

Track listing

 * Some American releases were packaged with Out Spaced, the band's 1998 B-sides collection.

Personnel

 * Gruff Rhys – vocals, acoustic and electric guitars, Moog, claps
 * Huw Bunford – electric guitar, backing vocals
 * Cian Ciaran – electronics, Rhodes piano, piano, backing vocals, claps
 * Guto Pryce – bass, sub-bass, claps
 * Dafydd Ieuan – drums, percussion, backing vocals, piano
 * Les Morrison – banjo (on "Demons")
 * Gorwel Owen – E-Bow, samples, electric harpsichord, backwards Rhodes
 * Martin Smith – trumpet
 * Simon James – tenor sax and flute
 * Andrew Frizzell – trombone and alto sax
 * The Electra Strings:
 * Sonia Slany – violin
 * Jules Singleton – violin
 * Clair Arster – viola
 * Dinah Beamish – cello

title: Radiator (album)


text:
Compendium of postage stamp issuers (Po–Pz)

Each "article" in this category is a collection of entries about several stamp issuers, presented in alphabetical order. The entries are formulated on the micro model and so provide summary information about all known issuers.

See the Category:Compendium of postage stamp issuers page for details of the project.

Poland

 * Dates :	1918 –
 * Capital :	Warsaw
 * Currency :	(1918) 100 fenigs = 1 mark
 * (1918) 100 hellers = 1 crown
 * (1924) 100 groszy = 1 zloty

 * Main Article Needed :

 * Includes :	Poland (Russian Province)

 * See also :	General Gouvernement;
 * German Occupation Issues (WWI);
 * German Occupation Issues (WWII)

Poland (German Occupation WWI)

 * Dates :	1915 – 1918
 * Currency :	100 pfennige = 1 mark

 * Refer :	German Occupation Issues (WWI)

Poland (German Occupation WWII)

 * Dates :	1939 – 1945
 * Currency :	100 groszy = 1 zloty

 * Refer :	German Occupation Issues (WWII)

Poland (Russian Province)

 * Dates :	1860 – 1863
 * Capital :	Warsaw
 * Currency :	100 kopecks = 1 Russian ruble

 * Refer :	Poland

Polish Army in Russia

 * Dates :	1942 only
 * Currency :	100 kopecks = 1 Russian ruble

 * Refer :	Polish Post Abroad

Polish Corps in Russia

 * Dates :	1918 only
 * Currency :	100 kopecks = 1 Russian ruble

 * Refer :	Polish Post Abroad

Polish Government in Exile

 * Dates :	1941 – 1945
 * Currency :	100 groszy = 1 zloty

 * Refer :	Polish Post Abroad

Polish Military Post

 * Refer :	Central Lithuania (Polish Occupation);
 * Polish Army in Russia;
 * Polish Corps in Russia

Polish Occupation Issues

 * Refer :	Polish Post Abroad

Polish Post Abroad

 * Main Article Needed :

 * Includes :	Central Lithuania (Polish Occupation);
 * Constantinople (Polish Post Office);
 * Danzig (Polish Post Office);
 * Polish Army in Russia;
 * Polish Corps in Russia;
 * Polish Government in Exile

Polska

 * Refer :	Poland

Pondicherry

 * Refer :	French Indian Settlements

Ponta Delgada

 * Dates :	1892 – 1905
 * Currency :	1000 reis = 1 milreis

 * Refer :	Azores Territories

Poonch

 * Dates :	1876 – 1894
 * Currency :	12 pies = 1 anna; 16 annas = 1 rupee

 * Refer :	Indian Native States

Port Arthur & Dairen

 * Dates :	1946 – 1950
 * Currency :	100 cents = 1 dollar

 * Refer :	CPR Regional Issues

Port Gdansk

 * Refer :	Danzig (Polish Post Office)

Port Lagos (French Post Office)
French PO in Thrace when under Turkish rule. Issued French stamps overprinted PORT-LAGOS. The office closed in 1898. Port Lagos is a seaport in Western Thrace which now belongs to Greece.

 * Dates :	1893 – 1898
 * Currency : 	100 centimes = 1 franc

 * Refer :	French Post Offices in the Turkish Empire

Port Said (French Post Office)

 * Dates :	1899 – 1931
 * Currency : 	(1899) 100 centimes = 1 franc
 * (1921) 1000 milliemes = 1 pound

 * Refer :	Egypt (French Post Offices)

Portugal

 * Dates :	1853 –
 * Capital :	Lisbon
 * Currency :	(1853) 1000 reis = 1 milreis
 * (1912) 100 centavos = 1 escudo
 * (2002) 100 cent = 1 euro

 * Main Article Needed :

 * See also :	Africa (Portuguese Colonies);
 * Angola;
 * Azores;
 * Cape Verde Islands;
 * Guinea–Bissau;
 * Macao;
 * Madeira;
 * Mozambique;
 * Portuguese Congo;
 * Portuguese Guinea;
 * Portuguese India;
 * Sao Tome e Principe;
 * Timor

Portuguese Africa

 * Refer :	Africa (Portuguese Colonies)

Portuguese Congo

 * Dates :	1894 – 1920
 * Capital :	Cabinda
 * Currency :	(1894) 1000 reis = 1 milreis
 * (1912) 100 centavos = 1 escudo

 * Main Article Needed :

 * See also :	Africa (Portuguese Colonies)

Portuguese Guinea

 * Dates :	1881 – 1974
 * Capital :	Bissau
 * Currency :	(1881) 1000 reis = 1 milreis
 * (1912) 100 centavos = 1 escudo

 * Main Article Needed :

 * See also :	Africa (Portuguese Colonies);
 * Guinea–Bissau

Portuguese India
Portugal sought territory in India after Vasco da Gama's successful voyage round the Cape of Good Hope in 1497–1498. The three enclaves of Goa (1505), Damao (1531) and Diu (1534) were annexed to collectively form the colony of Portuguese India.

Goa, including the capital Pangim (now Panaji), is on the Malabar Coast of SW India, roughly midway between Bombay and Bangalore. Damao (now called Daman) is on the west coast, at the entrance to the Gulf of Cambay, about 100 miles north of Bombay. Diu, which includes the towns of Diu and Simbor, is a small island (15 sq. miles) off the south coast of Kathiawar peninsula in western India.

The first stamps were issued 1 October 1871. Stamps of British India were also valid until 1877. Standard Portuguese types such as the Ceres issue were used until 1925 when specific types began to be produced. All stamps were inscribed INDIA in some way; from 1946, the inscription was usually ESTADO DA INDIA.

In 1950, newly independent India demanded the transfer of the Portuguese territories but Portugal refused. India set up a land blockade in 1954 and then annexed the territories on 17 December 1961. Stamps of India were introduced on 29 December 1961.

Goa became a State of India in 1987 while Daman and Diu (combined) is a Union Territory.

 * Dates :	1871 – 1961
 * Capital :	Pangim (Goa)
 * Currency :	(1871) 1000 reis = 1 milreis
 * (1882) 12 reis = 1 tanga; 16 tangas = 1 rupia
 * (1959) 100 centavos = 1 escudo

 * Main Article : Postage stamps and postal history of Portuguese India

Portuguese Occupation of German East Africa

 * Refer :	German East Africa (Portuguese Occupation)

Portuguese Timor

 * Refer :	Timor

Preussen

 * Refer :	Prussia

Priamur & Maritime Provinces

 * Dates :	1921 – 1922
 * Capital :	Vladivostok
 * Currency :	100 kopecks = 1 Russian ruble

 * Refer :	Russian Civil War Issues

Prince Edward Island

 * Dates :	1861 – 1873
 * Capital :	Charlottetown
 * Currency :	(1861) 12 pence = 1 shilling; 20 shillings = 1 pound
 * (1872) 100 cents = 1 dollar

 * Refer :	Canadian Provinces

Protectorat Français

 * Refer :	French Protectorate, Morocco

Prussia

 * Dates :	1850 – 1867
 * Capital :	Berlin
 * Currency :	(1850) 12 pfennige = 1 silbergroschen; 30 silbergroschen = 1 thaler
 * (1867) 60 kreuzer = 1 gulden

 * Main Article Needed :

 * See also :	Germany (Imperial);
 * North German Confederation

Puerto Rico

 * Dates :	1873 – 1900
 * Capital :	San Juan
 * Currency :	(1873) 100 centimos = 1 peseta
 * (1881) 1000 milesimas = 100 centavos = 1 peso
 * (1898) 100 cents = 1 dollar

 * Main Article Needed :

 * See also :	Cuba & Puerto Rico

Pulau Pinang

 * Refer :	Penang

Puttiala

 * Refer :	Patiala


text:
File:CardigansEmmerdale.jpg

Fair use rationale for Emmerdale (album)

 * No free equivalent is available or could be created that would adequately give the same information.
 * The image does not replace the original market role of the single.
 * The image is low resolution.
 * The image has previously been published.
 * The image contributes significantly to the article by identifying the subject of the article.

title: File:CardigansEmmerdale.jpg


text:
Malise Ruthven

Malise Walter Maitland Knox Hore-Ruthven (born 14 May 1942) is an Anglo-Irish academic and writer.

Early life and education
Born in Dublin in 1942, Malise Ruthven was educated at Eton College before earning an M.A. (Cantab.) in English literature at Trinity College, Cambridge. He then worked as a scriptwriter with the BBC Arabic and World Service, and as a consultant on Middle Eastern affairs.

In 2000 Ruthven earned his PhD in Social and Political Sciences at the University of Cambridge. Having pursued a career as a writer, journalist and teacher, he focuses his work on religion, fundamentalism, and especially Islamic affairs.

Teacher
He has taught Islamic studies, cultural history and comparative religion at the University of Aberdeen, Scotland, Birkbeck College, University of London, UC-San Diego, Dartmouth College (New Hampshire, USA) and Colorado College (Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA)

He has given numerous lectures as an expert on the Middle East. He has been described by Madeleine Bunting for The Guardian as "one of today's most perceptive observers and historians of religion".

Journalist
Malise Ruthven's book reviews have appeared in The Sunday Times, The Guardian, The Observer, The Times Literary Supplement, Prospect magazine and The New York Review of Books (NYR). His blog for the NYR, "Revolution by Latrine", won an award from the Overseas Press Club of America in April 2011.

He is a regular contributor to the NYR, where he has written articles and reviews on such topics as Al Qaeda, Islam in Europe, unanswered questions in the Lockerbie crash and the repression of gay people in Iran. He also contributes occasionally to the BBC. He used the term "Islamofascism" as early as 8 September 1990 in The Independent. In 2004, London's Prospect magazine ranked Ruthven among the 100 top public intellectuals in the UK.

Family
Malise Ruthven is the younger son of Patrick Hore-Ruthven and Pamela Margaret Fletcher.

His elder brother was Grey Ruthven, 2nd Earl of Gowrie and Alexander Hore-Ruthven, 1st Earl of Gowrie, was his grandfather.

He is the godson of the late Dame Freya Stark, whom his parents knew in Cairo in 1942; Ruthven published several collections of Stark's photographs.

Publications
Ruthven contributed an afterword to the most recent edition of Albert Hourani's History of the Arab Peoples, bringing that work up to date following Hourani's death. Dr Ruthven is internationally recognised for his work on Muslim thought and theology, fundamentalism, Mormonism, the social impact of religion and migration and the nexus between contemporary politics and belief.
 * Books
 * Torture: The Grand Conspiracy (1978). London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. ISBN 0-297-77389-5
 * Traveller Through Time: A Photographic Journey with Freya Stark (1986). London: Viking. ISBN 0-670-80183-6
 * The Divine Supermarket: Travels in Search of the Soul of America (1989). London: Chatto. ISBN 0-7011-3151-9
 * A Satanic Affair: Salman Rushdie and the Rage of Islam (1990). London: Chatto. ISBN 0-7011-3591-3
 * Freya Stark in the Levant: Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Palestine (1994) Reading: Garnet Publishing ISBN 1-85964-003-6
 * Freya Stark in Iraq and Kuwait (1994) Reading: Garnet Publishing ISBN 1-85964-004-4
 * Freya Stark in Persia (1994) Reading: Garnet Publishing ISBN 1-85964-011-7
 * Islam: A Very Short Introduction (2000). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-285389-9
 * Fury for God: the Islamist Attack on America (2002). London: Granta. ISBN 1-86207-540-9
 * Fundamentalism: the Search for Meaning (2004). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-284091-6
 * Historical Atlas of the Islamic World (2004). (with Azim Nanji). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-860997-3
 * Islam in the World (1984, 1999, 2006). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-520454-9

 * Articles

 * Recorded lectures
 * Gnostic themes in the Abrahamic family of religions, Malise Ruthven, British Museum, Middle East Now podcast series, April to September 2006

title: Malise Ruthven


text:
Barthez

Barthez is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 * Fabien Barthez (born 1971), French FIFA World Cup winning goalkeeper
 * Guillaume Barthez de Marmorières (1707–1799) French civil engineer, father of:
 * Paul Joseph Barthez (1734–1806), French physician, physiologist, and encyclopaedist
 * Barthez Battalion, a group of fictional characters in the popular Beyblade anime and manga series

title: Barthez


text:
Amanda Muggleton

Amanda Lillian Muggleton (born 12 October 1951) is an English Australian theatre, television and film actress. She is best known for her supporting television soap opera role in Prisoner as Chrissie Latham, with appearance between 1979 and 1983.

Her stage work in Australia includes the title roles in Shirley Valentine and Educating Rita, and as Maria Callas in Master Class, for which she won the 2002 Helpmann Award for Best Actress in a Play. She won a second Helpmann Award in 2005, for her role as Mercedes Cortez in the musical Eureka!.

Early life
Muggleton was born on 12 October 1951 in Stepney, London, England and emigrated to Australia in 1974. She attended Sydenham School and left just before taking A Levels to go to Drama School. She trained at London's Guildhall School of Music and Drama and the Royal Academy of Dance.

Television and film
Muggleton's most famous television role is perhaps that of Chrissie Latham in the Australian soap opera Prisoner. Other roles include Connie Ryan in Richmond Hill, and guest roles in television series including A Country Practice, Cop Shop, HeadLand, City Homicide as well as British series Hollyoaks and the telemovie Sara Dane. Film credits include Mad Max, Thirst, Street Hero, Queen of the Road, Mr. Reliable, Feeling Sexy, Idiot Box and Matching Jack.

In June 2019, it was announced that Muggleton would begin appearing in the Seven Network soap opera Home and Away as recurring character Wendy Shaw, mother of Ryan "Robbo" Shaw (Jake Ryan). She made her first appearance on 27 June 2019 and her final appearance on 30 July 2020.

Theatre
Muggleton appeared with all the State and commercial theatre companies. On stage, her performances with State theatre companies include Privates on Parade, The Matchmaker, The Seagull, Shirley Valentine (MTC), Master Class, Nicholas Nickleby, The Rise and Fall of Little Voice, Soulmates (STC), Duet for One, The Winter's Tale, Gigi, We Were Dancing (QTC), Twelfth Night, Blithe Spirit (SATC), Educating Rita, Medea and Shirley Valentine (Hole in the Wall, Perth).

Muggleton's commercial credits include HMS Pinafore (Essgee), Hello Dolly (The Production Company), The Book Club, Master Class (ICA), Annie (GFO/SEL/Macks), the original Steaming (Morley, Davis), Eureka! (Essgee) and Losing Louis (Ensemble Theatre). Muggleton has won several very significant awards, for Shirley Valentine, The Rise and Fall of Little Voice (Norman Kessell Award) and for Miss Hannigan in Annie (Colleen Clifford Award). For her role as Maria Callas in Master Class, she won a Green Room Award and a Helpmann Award for Best Actress in a Play. She won a second Helpmann Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Musical for her role as Mercedes Cortez in the Australian musical, Eureka!

In 2003, Muggleton completed a highly successful national tour of The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, playing the White Witch with Dennis Olsen as The Professor. Muggleton and Olsen also devised and co-produced Marvellous Party!, a production that celebrates the words and music of Noël Coward, and which had two sell-out shows at the Concert Hall in the Victorian Arts Centre, a highly successful Victorian tour and has been seen at Capers, Melbourne (2003 and 2004), Friends Restaurant (Hyatt) Perth, Edwards Waterfront Mandurah WA (2004) and Canberra's Teatro Vivaldi (2004). She also appeared in her own solo cabaret show, which premiered at the Star Casino Showroom, and which will tour nationally.

Out of Marvellous Party! came Darling It's Noel, produced by International Concert Attractions and directed by Rodney Fisher at the Sydney Opera House in May 2004 and at His Majesty's Theatre, Perth in June 2004. Muggleton is qualified as a speech and drama teacher. She is also a public speaker and can pilot single-engine planes.

Muggleton ended 2008 with a nomination at the AFI Awards. Her role of Kathy Booth in City Homicide earned her the nomination for Best Guest or Supporting Actress in a Television Drama.

In 2009, Muggleton and her business partner Bernadette Eichner founded Scene & Heard, a new acting school based in Sydney's Lane Cove. Within its first year, the business became so successful that they had to relocate it to new, bigger premises. Muggleton has also appeared in the thirtieth anniversary of The Man From Mukinupin for Belvoir Street Theatre, Sydney (2009) and in the two roles Louis and Ethel Reid in The Ruby Sunrise for Ensemble Theatre, Sydney (2009).

In 2010, Muggleton has appeared as Bette Davis in the one-woman show Me & Jezebel at the Mackay Entertainment Centre (QLD). One week after it finished, she began rehearsals for the role of Chris in Calendar Girls, which toured nationally and took the role of Lillian in Madagascar for Black Swan Theatre Company in Perth, WA (October 2010). She also appeared in two episodes of the ABC series The Librarians.

In 2011, Muggleton started playing multiple roles in Love Loss & What I Wore at the Sydney Opera House alongside Magda Szubanski and Natalie Bassingthwaighte. Subsequently, she played the role of Susan in a one-woman comedy Just the Ticket for Ensemble Theatre, Sydney (March 2011). After a short break, Muggleton took over the role of Mrs Peachum in The Threepenny Opera alongside Paul Capsis for the Sydney Theatre Company, from 1 September 2011 to 24 September 2011, and then headed to Perth (WA), where she played the role of Mrs Johnstone in Blood Brothers, from 9 November 2011 to 4 December 2011 – a role that she had longed to play.

In March 2012, Muggleton went to Queensland for a role in Fatal Honeymoon, a feature film based on the death of Alabama woman Tina Watson on her Great Barrier Reef diving trip in 2003, shot for the American cable channel Lifetime.

In 2013, Muggleton starred in three different theatre productions. First she starred in a revival of Torch Song Trilogy for Gaiety Theatre Presents, from 6 February to 3 March at the Darlinghurst Theatre in Sydney. Following this, she took to the road for a six-month tour of The Book Club which visited Brisbane, Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide, Perth and many regional areas. Midway through the tour she took a break to reprise her role in Blood Brothers at Brisbane's Cremorne Theatre, QPAC for two weeks in August. In 2014 she returned to the role of Ms Hannigan in Annie (Sydney) as well as performing the cabaret show The Men Who Got Away—Thank God! in Canberra.

In 2015, Muggleton performed in Boston Marriage at QPAC in February and March and won the 2015 Norman Kessell Memorial Award for Best Actor (female) for her role in The Book Club at the Glug Awards in Sydney.

Muggleton returned to the stage in 2016 to play Velma Von Tussle in Hairspray in Brisbane (April) and Newcastle (July) just before The Book Club returned to Melbourne's Southbank Theatre in July. Muggleton also added two TV credits to her name; she appeared in Episode 2 of Channel 7's The Secret Daughter and in December 2016, Muggleton made a brief appearance in the UK Channel 4 soap opera Hollyoaks as Dr. Barton which she filmed in October whilst she was in London performing The Book Club at The Kings Head Theatre.

In 2017, Muggleton played the role of Helena Rubinstein in Lip Service for The Ensemble Theatre in Sydney and reprised her award-winning role as Maria Callas in Master Class in Perth. Master Class opens in Melbourne in January 2018.

title: Amanda Muggleton


text:
Ladislav Zgusta

Ladislav Zgusta (20 March 1924 in Libochovice – 27 April 2007 in Urbana, Illinois) was a Czech-American historical linguist and lexicographer, who wrote one of the first textbooks on lexicography. He was the Hermann and Klara H. Collitz professor of linguistics and classics at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, starting in 1970 after the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia ended his academic career at Prague's Oriental Institute. With his family he first escaped to India, "in a veritable cloak and dagger episode worthy of a movie" before making his way to the United States. Dutch lexicographer Piet van Sterkenburg referred to Zgusta as "the twentieth-century godfather of lexicography". He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1992, and in the same year awarded the Gold Medal of the Czech Academy of Sciences for his work in Humanities.

Editor

 * Manual of Lexicography. 1971 ISBN 90-279-1921-6.

title: Ladislav Zgusta


text:
Talk:Mark Hyman (commentator)

Untitled
Mark Hyman is truly a disgrace to the profession of journalism. He attack the "mainstream media" of being biased but he himself doesn't make any attempt to be fair. August 23, 2005 —Preceding unsigned comment added by 65.26.247.222 (talk • contribs)

I don't think he claims to be fair. Also, I don't believe that the article here is 'neutral' so someone should fix it. 10 Apr 06. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 65.185.182.49 (talk • contribs) April 11, 2006

The problem is that there's no such thing as unbiased or 100% objective in journalism, or apparently in Wikipedia articles. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.44.121.23 (talk) 06:15, 18 July 2013 (UTC)

 * LOL! Excellent point noted. 112.210.112.93 (talk) 13:42, 21 June 2015 (UTC)

POV-check
Although I don't agree with Mr. Hyman's bias, I do believe that this article needs to be cleaned up to conform to Wikipedia's NPOV policy. Examples in the article include subjectively labelling his performance as "poor journalism", accusations of "false claims" where simply stating them as "claims" would be preferable, and references to "true" studies (statistics can not verify truthfulness, only describe possible trends). -- Imesj 15:08, 11 April 2006 (UTC)
 * It'll be very difficult to remove POV as he makes Rush Limbaugh seem liberal. 68.60.93.83 18:07, 25 April 2006 (UTC)

Agree on the POV issue. I did some clean up to make the article more balanced. Using Media Matters as a citiation is ridiculous in this case as they are clearly opposed to Hyman and should not serve as a source of information for this content. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 147.240.236.9 (talk • contribs) August 2006

I've only one question for the person responsible for this article: does he like it when you swallow? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.98.191.18 (talk • contribs) November 2006
 * WTF?? 112.210.112.93 (talk) 13:40, 21 June 2015 (UTC)

All links/sources are biased links
This article needs to be fixed. I find it interesting people here are accusing Hyman of bias when the Wikipedia article about him cites links that are entirely biased themselves. Try removing the beam from your own eyes before focusing on the splinter in Hyman's. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.153.122.247 (talk • contribs) July 6, 2007

Two mentions of Hyman's family
Hyman's family and the fact that he has four kids is mentioned twice in this article. I'll delete one, just wanted to let everyone else know. Eli H 05:45, 21 July 2007 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Squeekyzebra (talk • contribs)

Fair use rationale for Image:Mark-Hyman-The-Point.jpg
Image:Mark-Hyman-The-Point.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 16:09, 8 March 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
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I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Mark E. Hyman. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
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External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090627215245/http://spectator.org/archives/2009/06/26/jeremiah-wright-foreign-policy to http://spectator.org/archives/2009/06/26/jeremiah-wright-foreign-policy
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20071108212713/http://www.sbgi.net/news_releases/2007/release_200749_211.shtml to http://www.sbgi.net/news_releases/2007/release_200749_211.shtml

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title: Talk:Mark Hyman (commentator)