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Gabion

A gabion (from Italian gabbione meaning "big cage"; from Italian gabbia and Latin cavea meaning "cage") is a cage, cylinder or box filled with rocks, concrete, or sometimes sand and soil for use in civil engineering, road building, military applications and landscaping.

For erosion control, caged riprap is used. For dams or in foundation construction, cylindrical metal structures are used. In a military context, earth- or sand-filled gabions are used to protect sappers, infantry, and artillerymen from enemy fire.

Leonardo da Vinci designed a type of gabion called a Corbeille Leonard ("Leonard[o] basket") for the foundations of the San Marco Castle in Milan.

Civil engineering

The most common civil engineering use of gabions was refined and patented by Gaetano Maccaferri in the late 19th century in Sacerno, Emilia Romagna and used to stabilize shorelines, stream banks or slopes against erosion. Other uses include retaining walls, noise barriers, temporary flood walls, silt filtration from runoff, for small or temporary/permanent dams, river training, or channel lining. They may be used to direct the force of a flow of flood water around a vulnerable structure.

Gabions are also used as fish screens on small streams. Gabion stepped weirs are commonly used for river training and flood control; the stepped design enhances the rate of energy dissipation in the channel, and it is particularly well suited to the construction of gabion stepped weirs.

A gabion wall is a retaining wall made of stacked stone-filled gabions tied together with wire. Gabion walls are usually battered (angled back towards the slope), or stepped back with the slope, rather than stacked vertically.

The life expectancy of gabions depends on the lifespan of the wire, not on the contents of the basket. The structure will fail when the wire fails. Galvanized steel wire is most common, but PVC-coated and stainless steel wire are also used. PVC-coated galvanized gabions have been estimated to survive for 60 years. Some gabion manufacturers guarantee a structural consistency of 50 years.

In the United States, gabion use within streams first began with projects completed from 1957 to 1965 on North River, Virginia, and Zealand River, New Hampshire. More than 150 grade-control structures, bank revetments and channel deflectors were constructed on the two U.S. Forest Service sites. Eventually, a large portion of the in-stream structures failed due to undermining and lack of structural integrity of the baskets. In particular, corrosion and abrasion of wires by bedload movement compromised the structures, which then sagged and collapsed into the channels. Other gabions were toppled into channels as trees grew and enlarged on top of gabion revetments, leveraging them toward the river channels.

Gabions have also been used in building, as in the Dominus Winery in the Napa Valley, California, by architects Herzog & de Meuron, constructed between 1995 and 1997. The exterior is formed by modular wire mesh gabions containing locally quarried stone; this construction allows air movement through the building and creates an environment of moderate temperatures inside.

Variations in design
There are various special designs of gabions to meet particular functional requirements and some special terms for particular forms have come into use. For example:
 * Bastion: a gabion lined internally with a membrane, typically of nonwoven geotextile to permit the use of granular soil fill, instead of rock.
 * Mattress: a form of gabion short in height relative to the lateral dimensions; commonly very wide. For protecting surfaces from wave erosion and similar attack, rather than building or supporting high structures.
 * Trapion: a form of gabion with a trapezoidal cross-section, designed for stacking to give a face that is sloping rather than stepped. The term is in wide usage, but in contexts related to gabions at least, appears to be a trademark registered by Betafence Limited.

Military use
Early gabions were round cages with open tops and bottoms, made from wickerwork and filled with earth for use as military fortifications. Willow twigs were brought from East Lothian to make gabions to protect gun emplacements in Edinburgh in April 1573, during the siege of Edinburgh Castle.

These early military gabions were most often used to protect sappers and siege artillery gunners. The wickerwork cylinders were light and could be carried relatively conveniently in the ammunition train, particularly if they were made in several diameters to fit one inside another. At the site of use in the field, they could be stood on end, staked in position, and filled with soil to form an effective wall around the gun, or rapidly construct a bulletproof parapet along a sap. During the Crimean War, local shortages of brushwood led to use of scrap hoop-iron from hay bales in its stead; this in turn led to purpose-built sheet-iron gabions.

Today, gabions are often used to protect forward operating bases (FOBs) against explosive, fragmentary, indirect fires such as mortar or artillery fire. Examples of areas within a FOB that make extensive use of gabions are sleeping quarters, mess halls, or any place where there would be a large concentration of unprotected soldiers. Gabions are also used for aircraft revetments, blast walls, and similar structures. A gabion is often referred to as a "Hesco bastion".

Impact attenuation
Gabions may be used for attenuating dynamic load as those resulting from impacts by vehicles or rockfall for example. First, gabions may be suitable as a vehicle restraint system in scenic lower speed roads. Second, when used as facing of earth-reinforced structures with a vertical face, gabions offer a more deformable surface to impact compared to other classical geotechnical alternatives. This higher deformability results from crushing and large displacements of the fill content. As a result, the impact load transmitted to the structure is reduced, due to both impact energy dissipation and peak force attenuation. In an optimization process, the fill material can be adapted to meet specific requirements, in terms of impact response. This in particular led to the use of recycled materials (tires and ballast from railway tracks) in the core of some rockfall protection embankments.

title: Gabion


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Color of Night

Color of Night is a 1994 American erotic mystery thriller film produced by Cinergi Pictures and released in the United States by Buena Vista Pictures (through its Hollywood Pictures label). Directed by Richard Rush, the film stars Bruce Willis and Jane March.

The cast also features Rubén Blades, Lesley Ann Warren, Brad Dourif, Lance Henriksen, Kevin J. O'Connor and Scott Bakula. It is one of two well-known works by director Rush, the other being The Stunt Man 14 years before.

Color of Night flopped at the box office and won a Golden Raspberry Award as the worst film of 1994. It later, however, became one of the 20 most-rented films in the United States home video market in 1995. Maxim magazine also singled the film out as having the best sex scene in film history. It is noted for its style, akin to the Italian giallo genre, and has gone on to achieve cult status.

In 2018, Kino Lorber (under license from Disney) released a special edition Blu-ray of the film; it contains an audio commentary by director Richard Rush. In 2023, the film was streamed on the Criterion Channel.

Plot
Dr. Bill Capa, a New York psychologist, falls into a deep depression after Michelle, an unstable patient, commits suicide in front of him by jumping from his office window. The sight of the bloody body clad in a bright green dress causes Bill to suffer from psychosomatic color blindness, taking away his ability to see the color red. Bill travels to Los Angeles to stay with a friend, fellow therapist Dr. Bob Moore, who invites him to sit in on a group therapy session. However, Bob is violently murdered in the office and Bill is plunged into the mystery of his friend's death.

Lt. Hector Martinez considers everyone in Bob's therapy group, including Bill, as suspects in the murder. Bill continues to live in Bob's house and begins an affair with Rose, a beautiful but mysterious young woman who comes and goes. Bill takes over the therapy group, which includes: Clark, a temperamental OCD sufferer; Sondra, a nymphomaniac and kleptomaniac; Buck, a suicidal ex-police officer; Casey, who paints sado-masochistic images; and Richie, a 16-year old with gender dysphoria and a history of drug use.

After Casey is murdered, Bill becomes the target of several attempts on his life. He discovers that all but one of his patients have been romantically involved with Rose. He eventually learns that "Richie" is really Rose, and the murders were the work of her deranged brother, Dale. They once had an actual brother named Richie, who hanged himself after being molested by his child psychiatrist Dr. Niedelmeyer, who also abused Dale.

After Richie committed suicide, Dale abused Rose into playing the part of their brother. Rose began to re-emerge during therapy and, under another personality named "Bonnie", started relationships with the other patients. Dale proceeded to kill them, fearing that they would soon link Rose to Richie.

Dale kidnaps Rose, and tries to kill Capa and Martinez with a nail gun when they arrive to rescue her. At the last moment, however, Rose frees herself and kills Dale. Deeply traumatized, she tries to commit suicide, but Capa convinces her to keep living. As they kiss, Capa regains the ability to see the color red.

Cast

 * Bruce Willis as Dr. Bill Capa
 * Jane March as Rose/Bonnie/Richie
 * Rubén Blades as Hector Martinez
 * Lesley Ann Warren as Sondra Dorio
 * Scott Bakula as Bob Moore
 * Brad Dourif as Clark
 * Lance Henriksen as Buck
 * Kevin J. O'Connor as Casey Heinz
 * Andrew Lowery as Dale Dexter
 * Eriq La Salle as Anderson
 * Jeff Corey as Dr Larry Ashland
 * Kathleen Wilhoite as Michelle
 * Shirley Knight as Edith Niedelmeyer

Soundtrack
The soundtrack to Color of Night as composed by Dominic Frontiere, with songs from Lauren Christy, Jud Friedman, Brian McKnight, and Lowen & Navarro was released on August 9, 1994, by Mercury Records.

Theatrical
Richard Rush turned his cut of the film over to producer Andrew Vajna in late 1993. Vajna was concerned about the film's commercial prospects and demanded a recut, something Rush refused. Nonetheless, Vajna mandated he had final cut per contractual obligation, and insisted on testing his own version of the film. After both versions were given a number of test screenings, Vajna determined that his cut would be released and fired Rush in April 1994.

This ultimately escalated into a battle between Rush and Vajna that received coverage in the Los Angeles trades. Rush commented that his version tested higher than Vajna's cut; his statements were defended in Variety and by film critic Bill Arnold, who attended a test screening of Rush's version in Seattle, Washington. The Los Angeles Times, meanwhile, defended Vajna, stating that Rush stubbornly refused any input from the studio. The Directors Guild of America attempted to intervene on the matter.

The battle ultimately ended when Rush suffered a near-fatal heart attack and became hospitalized. Months later, after Rush recovered, he compromised with Vajna that the producer's cut would be released theatrically and that the director's cut would see a video release.

Eventually, four versions were released:
 * The R-Rated theatrical release from the USA
 * The international theatrical release
 * The R-Rated Director's Cut
 * The Unrated Director's Cut

(Among them, international theatrical release version also contains numerous scenes that are not included in the Unrated Director's Cut.)

Box office
The film opened at number 4 at the US box office, grossing $6,610,488 its opening weekend playing at a total of 1,740 theaters. The film grossed only $19,750,470 in the United States and Canada but grossed $27 million internationally for a worldwide total of $46.7 million compared to its $40 million production budget.

Critical response
Rotten Tomatoes retrospectively reported that 22% of 51 critics gave the film a positive review, with an average rating of 4.4/10. The site's critics consensus reads, "Bruce willie shot aside, the only other things popping out in Color of Night are some ridiculous plot contortions and majorly camp moments." Metacritic assigned the film a weighted average score of 36 out of 100, based on 28 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "C" on an A+ to F scale.

Referring to the film as "memorably bizarre," Janet Maslin in her August 19, 1994 The New York Times review wrote: "The enthusiastically nutty Color of Night has the single-mindedness of a bad dream and about as much reliance on everyday logic." She also cited the revelation of the murderer, "whose disguise won't fool anyone, anywhere." Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times wrote: "I was, frankly, stupefied. To call it absurd would be missing the point, since any shred of credibility was obviously the first thing thrown overboard. It's so lurid in its melodrama and so goofy in its plotting that with just a bit more trouble, it could have been a comedy." Luke Y. Thompson of The New Times praised March's performance and wrote: "Minority opinion here, I know, but I found the sex scenes hot and March's performance truly impressive." Brian McKay of eFilmCritic.com stated the film was a "Mediocre L.A. noir thriller made more tolerable by Jane March disrobing frequently." Ken Hanke of the Mountain Xpress (Asheville, North Carolina) wrote the film was "Underrated, but far from great."

The film is listed in Golden Raspberry Award founder John Wilson's book The Official Razzie Movie Guide as one of The 100 Most Enjoyably Bad Movies Ever Made.

Accolades
Color of Night won the Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Picture, and was also nominated in eight other categories including Worst Actor (Bruce Willis also for North), Worst Actress (Jane March), Worst Director (Richard Rush), Worst Screenplay, Worst Original Song ("The Color of the Night"), Worst Screen Couple ("Any combination of two people from the entire cast"), Worst Supporting Actor (Jane March as Richie) and Worst Supporting Actress (Lesley Ann Warren). At the 1994 Stinkers Bad Movie Awards, Bruce Willis won the award for Worst Actor (also for North) while Jane March received a nomination for Worst Actress.

Color of Night received a Golden Globe nomination in the category Best Original Song — Motion Picture for its theme song "The Color of the Night", performed by Lauren Christy.

Maxim magazine also awarded Color of Night for having the Best Sex Scene in film history; Rush was especially proud of the award, and he kept it in his bathroom.

Year-end lists

 * 3rd worst – Desson Howe, The Washington Post
 * 3rd worst – Dan Craft, The Pantagraph
 * Worst (not ranked) – Bob Ross, The Tampa Tribune

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Color of Night


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Why, Charlie Brown, Why?

Why, Charlie Brown, Why? is a 1990 American animated television special, and the 33rd prime-time animated TV special based upon the comic strip Peanuts by Charles M. Schulz. It originally aired on March 16, 1990, and was also nominated for an Emmy. It is the second Charlie Brown special of the 1990s.

Plot
At the beginning of the special, Charlie Brown, Linus, Sally, and a girl named Janice Emmons — a new friend and classmate of Charlie Brown and Linus — are seen waiting for the school bus. It's heavily implied that Linus is in love with Janice. Once the bus arrives, Snoopy gets on casually, only to get kicked off. Sally, after hearing her brother remind Snoopy that dogs aren't allowed on the bus, woofs to try getting out of having to get on, only for her brother to order her on.

While getting on the bus, Janice accidentally hits her arm on the bus railing, causing it to bruise. Linus notices that Janice bruises easily, and she mentions that she never used to. When they arrive at school, Janice starts feeling so ill that she has to go home sick. Three days later, her classmates discover that she is in the hospital.

After school, Linus and Charlie Brown decide to visit Janice in the hospital, where she tells them that she has leukemia. Charlie Brown asks if Janice is going to die, which upsets Linus for a moment, but Janice assures them otherwise. She explains what tests the doctors did to discover that she had leukemia and explains that while some of the tests were painful, not all of them were. She then shows them her IV line and explains her chemotherapy. Janice expresses her determination to recover from her illness, vowing to return to school someday. The news of his friend's illness hits Linus especially hard, and when he and Charlie Brown leave the hospital, Linus turns to him and asks, "Why, Charlie Brown, why?" before then going home, feeling disgruntled about what happened to Janice.

Once at home, Linus tells his sister Lucy about Janice's illness. Lucy at first does not seem to care, but when Linus mentions that he touched Janice's forehead when she felt ill at school, Lucy is immediately worried that Janice's illness might be contagious. Linus explains that leukemia is not contagious, but Lucy refuses to change her ignorant attitude towards Janice's condition. She demands that Linus take back the glass of milk he handed her earlier, fearing that he might be transmitting the illness. Linus gets back at Lucy by refusing to accept, so as not to get her "crabbiness".

Sometime later, Janice comes back to school, wearing a cap to cover her bald head, as she has lost her hair because of the chemotherapy. This attracts the attention of a schoolyard bully, who makes fun of Janice's baldness until an enraged Linus explains that she has leukemia and asks the other boy if he would like to go through what she has gone through. The bully quickly softens and apologizes.

As Christmas approaches, Linus goes to Janice's house to give her a present, but her sisters inform Linus that she is at the hospital again, receiving treatment. One of the sisters complains about the attention Janice has been receiving, but later admits she and her other sister feel excluded due to Janice's illness. Linus gives her the present and leaves.

By the beginning of spring, Janice returns from the hospital and tells Linus she has a surprise for him, and she reveals the surprise at the end of the special while playing on the swings: her long blonde hair has grown back even longer than it was before, marking the end of her chemotherapy and her apparent recovery and presumed remission from the illness. As the credits roll, her cap falls to the ground, and Janice laughs one last time.

Hymn
This special also included a brief rendition of the hymn "Farther Along", sung by Becky Reardon. The song played in the background as an angry Linus tries to make sense of Janice's illness.

Cast
Peppermint Patty, Schroeder, Marcie, Franklin, Violet, and Shermy make cameo appearances.
 * Kaleb Henley as Charlie Brown
 * Brandon Stewart as Linus Van Pelt
 * Adrienne Stiefel as Sally Brown
 * Jennifer Banko as Lucy Van Pelt
 * Olivia Burnette as Janice Emmons
 * Dion Zamora as schoolyard bully
 * Brittany M. Thornton as Janice's curly-haired sister
 * Lindsay Sloane as Janice's red-haired sister
 * Bill Melendez as Snoopy and Woodstock

Production and reception
The idea for Why, Charlie Brown, Why? was conceived by Sylvia Cook, a registered nurse at the Stanford Children's Hospital. In December 1985, Cook sent a letter to Charles M. Schulz, asking him to produce a short animated film about cancer for young patients featuring the Peanuts characters. Schulz was initially doubtful because of the anticipated high production costs. Eventually, Cook received input from the American Cancer Society, which convinced Schulz to produce, rather than just a five-minute film, a half-hour special about the subject. Producer Bill Melendez and CBS initially balked at this idea, but eventually agreed to do it because of Schulz's enthusiasm for the project. The script of the special was completely written by Schulz, with Cook and the American Cancer Society serving as consultants.

The special has been shown in hospitals and in public education systems, primarily elementary schools and junior high schools, as a method for explaining the subject to children, and is also a part of the Pennies for Patients fundraiser campaign organized by The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society. Paramount Home Video released the special on VHS on January 9, 1996, and debuted on DVD in 2015 as part of the Peanuts Emmy Honored Collection. The special is available on iTunes. The special has rarely aired on US television since its original premiere; Disney Channel has re-aired it while Nickelodeon and ABC, which at different points have withheld the rights to the Peanuts specials, have not. It has been seen on Boomerang in some European countries. The special is also streaming on Apple TV+, remastered to high definition.

A book adaptation of the special, titled ''Why, Charlie Brown, Why? A Story About What Happens When a Friend is Very Ill'', was published by Pharos Books some weeks before the special's premiere on CBS, and was reissued in 2002. The original printing featured a foreword by actor Paul Newman.

Critical reaction to the special was overwhelmingly positive, with reviewers praising it for its realism, emotional impact, and poignancy, and for Janice's bravery in facing her disease.

The first airing of this special brought in an 8.7 household rating and a 16 percent audience share, ranking 65th out of 86 shows that week, and was watched by 15 million viewers.

Nominations
Why, Charlie Brown, Why? was nominated for the Emmy for an Outstanding Animated Program (For Programming One Hour or Less) and the Humanitas Prize.

title: Why, Charlie Brown, Why?


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Mary Russell, Duchess of Bedford

Mary Du Caurroy Russell, Duchess of Bedford, (née Tribe; 26 September 1865 – ca. 22 March 1937) was a British aviator and ornithologist. She was honoured for her work in founding hospitals and working in them during the First World War. She later financed and took part in record breaking flights to Karachi and Cape Town.

Early and personal life
Born at Stockbridge, Hampshire, she was the daughter of Walter Harry Tribe, Anglican Archdeacon of Lahore, and his wife, Sophy Lander. On 30/31 January 1888, she married Lord Herbrand Russell at Barrackpore, British Raj. When Lord Herbrand inherited his childless brother's titles in 1893, she was styled as the Duchess of Bedford. Her only child, Hastings, was born on 21 December 1888.

During the early 1900s she became one of the first Western women to study the Japanese martial art of jujutsu, and she was featured in a series of instructional photographs for the book "The Fine Art of Jujutsu" (1905), written by Emily Diana Watts.

Work and activism
A major area of organisation and work for the Duchess was in founding four hospitals in Woburn and in the grounds of Woburn Abbey. The principal establishment was the Abbey Hospital that she financed and built in 1914, and where she worked as a nurse and radiographer through to the 1930s.

She chartered, and later bought the yacht Sapphire from a Mr. A. L. Barbour and later bought her from him, using her in ornithological voyages to the North of Scotland and Scandinavia.

The Duchess was a collector and watcher of birds, and took an interest in bird migration. Between 1909 and 1914 she spent much time on Fair Isle, often in the company of William Eagle Clarke. Her journal, A Bird-watcher's Diary, was privately published in 1938 after her death.

She was a member of the Women's Tax Resistance League, a group associated with the Women's Social and Political Union that used tax resistance to protest the disenfranchisement of women during the British women's suffrage movement.

Aviation
Late in life at age 63, the Duchess became interested in aviation, that she claimed gave her some relief from her constant tinnitus, although she eventually became totally deaf. In 1928 a large country house, Wispers, near Midhurst in West Sussex, and its estate were bought by the Bedford Estate for Russell. She used Wispers as a weekend retreat: she was a keen aviator and flew her plane from the family seat at Woburn Abbey to Wispers, where she had a hangar constructed in the 1930s at the same time as the large eastern wing was being added to the house. She used a nearby field as a landing strip.

On 2 August 1929, she departed on a record-breaking flight of 10,000 miles from Lympne Airport to Karachi (then in India) and return to Croydon Airport in eight days. She was accompanied in her single-engined Fokker F.VII (G-EBTS, Princess Xenia, which she renamed "The Spider" for its tenacity) by her personal pilot Captain C. D. Barnard and mechanic Robert (Bob) Little. On 8 April 1930 she made her first solo flight, in her DH.60G Moth (G-AAAO). On 10 April 1930 she embarked on a record-breaking flight from Lympne Airport to Cape Town, in "The Spider", flying 9,000 miles in 91 hours and twenty minutes over 10 days, again with Barnard and Little.

In 1934 and again in 1935, with co-pilot F/Lt R. C. Preston in de Havilland Puss Moth G-ABOC, the Duchess made extensive flights from Britain to the Western Sahara and Northern Nigeria.

Honours
In January 1918, the duchess was awarded the Royal Red Cross in the second Associate grade, for her services to wartime nursing at Woburn Auxiliary Hospital. She was appointed a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1928. She was also Dame of Grace of the Order of Saint John (DGStJ) and a Fellow of the Linnean Society of the Imperial College (FLS).

Eponym
The Lesser Striped Shrew Sorex bedfordiae is named after her. It is found in Asia, from central China to Nepal, Assam and Myanmar. A moose from Siberia, Alces bedfordiae, was named after her in 1902, but the species is not currently considered valid.

Death
The duchess died aged 71, in March 1937, three months before Amelia Earhart's death, after leaving Woburn Abbey in a DH.60GIII Moth Major (G-ACUR), that crashed into the North Sea off Great Yarmouth; her body was never recovered.

title: Mary Russell, Duchess of Bedford


text:
Hymenocardia

Hymenocardia is a genus of trees in the family Phyllanthaceae first described as a genus in 1836. Most of the species are native to Africa, with one in Southeast Asia.

Species in this genus are dioecious, with male and female flowers on separate plants.

• # Hymenocardia acida - from Gambia to Ethiopia to Mozambique
 * Species

• # Hymenocardia heudelotii - W + C Africa

• # Hymenocardia lyrata - W Africa

• # Hymenocardia punctata - Mishmi Hills, Indochina, W Malaysia, Sumatra

• # Hymenocardia ripicola - Cameroon, RotC, DRC

• # Hymenocardia ulmoides - C + E + S Africa

moved to Mallotus
 * formerly included
 * Hymenocardia plicata - Mallotus plicatus

title: Hymenocardia


text:
User talk:Ty Cobb

Welcome
Hello , and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome!
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
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 * How to write a great article
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Lotta hits here... --Lord Voldemort (Dark Mark) 17:50, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

A word of warning...
The images you upload need to be tagged to reflect the copyright status. Untagged images go up for deletion. You may want to go back and give copyright info for those images. Cheers. --Lord Voldemort (Dark Mark) 18:05, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

Image:Laurasin-eshot.jpg
Soundgarden rules, Baseball is not boring, it kicks ass, and racists are idiots. Job E  6   02:09, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Ty Cobb


text:
Rock salmon

Rock salmon, also called rock eel, flake, huss or Sweet William, is a variety of fish as food, usually served in Britain as part of a fish and chips dish.

The term can describe many species of small shark, including the spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias),  starry smooth-hound (Mustelus asterias), rough-hound (Scyliorhinus canicula) and bull huss (Scyliorhinus stellaris). Rock salmon is consumed in many European countries. However, the spiny dogfish is now an endangered species due to overfishing and is classed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List and the North East Atlantic population is classed as Critically Endangered.

title: Rock salmon


text:
Adam Blacklaw

Adam Smith Blacklaw (2 September 1937 – 28 February 2010 ) was a Scottish professional football player who played as a goalkeeper.

Blacklaw joined the Burnley ground staff as a schoolboy apprentice in 1954, directly from Frederick Street School in Aberdeen, earning a professional contract in October of that year. He made his first-team debut on 22 December 1956 and spent over ten seasons with the Clarets. He took over as regular goalkeeper when Colin McDonald suffered a broken leg in March 1959. During his time at Burnley, Blacklaw earned a League championship medal in season 1959–60 and an FA Cup runners-up medal in 1962. He played regularly for Burnley until 1965. Blacklaw joined Blackburn Rovers for £15,000 at the start of the 1967–68 season and stayed for three years before finishing his career with short spells at Blackpool in season 1970–71 and moving into the non-league game with Great Harwood in season 1971–72. He later had a spell as manager of Clitheroe.

Blacklaw represented Scotland at schoolboy, under–23 and full international levels. He played in two international friendlies in June 1963, a 4–3 defeat by Norway and a 6–2 win against Spain in Madrid. His last appearance for Scotland was on 7 December 1965 in Naples, where they lost 3–0 to Italy in a crucial 1966 FIFA World Cup qualification match.

Blacklaw died on 28 February 2010. For their fixture away to Arsenal on 6 March 2010, the Burnley players wore black armbands in memory of him.

Honours
Burnley
 * Football League First Division: 1959–60
 * FA Cup runner-up: 1961–62

title: Adam Blacklaw


text: File:Coke-machine-glow.jpg

title: File:Coke-machine-glow.jpg


text:
User talk:Shojo

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! , SqueakBox 17:51, August 29, 2005 (UTC)
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Bell's Life
You never told me where you got thse copies of Bell's Life from. You might be able to help on Talk:FA Cup 1871-72 Jooler 23:35, 15 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Someone was kind to send them to me in May. I'll try and make contact again to see if they can help with the Cup problem. I'm also still hoping we might be able to get a scan of the first laws. Someone must have a printed copy, and I bet there are several--luke 01:30, 16 July 2006 (UTC)
 * On Hampstead Heathens vs. Barnes I have a match report on the original second round match and it confirms a draw. The winning goal in the replay was scored by G Leach, as reported by Bell's Life the following week. 1-0 to HH. Still no luck on the print of the laws of the game.--luke 09:22, 23 October 2006 (UTC)

Welcome!
 Welcome!

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fair use isue
(old zigzag8)

A have a theory about the all issue.All this crap started because of the fair use wikiproject.It started a year ago,it slowly get bigger until today.What happened is the same as in many articles,in wikipedia.A bunch of editors take over a page,and by their shear number they make sure the article look as they please,all new editors are permanently in a minority ,allays lose in votes,and in the end go away,thus maintaining the status quo just because they was their before.If you look closely,their's kind of two talk pages for deciding on the policy and it's interpretations,one the official talk page,and a second "hidden" in the fair use wikiproject.

Why do i bothering you then?Well here what could be done.The problem arises by less then 60 editors.If we can gather more we can win the vote.It is blatantly clear that in a inbized vote they would lose,why else geni was so freaked out in the proposal of a vote,and why is the "rule" so blatantly ignored if their's really a consensus.how can be a consensus to accept the rule and at the same time so hie infringement rate?So if enough people could be gathered at the same time,it should be easy to have a clear vote.I suggest that you put back your proposal for a change in the rule(is) and at the same time we call all the people of the wiki the most affected by it,the biography wikiproject people(230).You said that you had could some people,apparently this wasn't enough,from the vote i saw that almost all was from the fair use project.

What mean by all this,is that the apparent consensus on the talk page is an illusion,all the free-extremist of wikipedia are already there,and doing nothing else then image tagging as replaceable,when real editors are not interested with all this red tape and simply contribute and don't care until their images disappear.Then they hang around briefly ,figure that they are in the minority and leave.

What do you think.i'm waiting your feadback--Bootstrapping 18:55, 9 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Hey - you keep changing your nick it seems :) ...I noticed the comment from someone on your previous talk page, if you are wondering.
 * I'm with in the rules.The old name wasn't very creatve.--Bootstrapping 18:13, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

 * On the point you raise. To be honest I am not sure; and yea I did notice the response to which you refer. BUT nevertheless there is (rightly in my view) a lot of goodwill for Jimmy Wales and what he has accomplished so far. So if we are to break with him on this point we need to be sure of our facts. Thanks.--luke 05:43, 10 December 2006 (UTC)
 * I don't see in what Jimmy Wales goodwill has to do with the subject.What's more important, please jimmy or be productive.Have you thot what our redistributors will do?They will take our crappy free images and replace them with fair use ones.Do you have an idea about how difficult it's to find and place apropriate fair use images for all wikipedia?Don't you think that ther's whelth in a corect use of fair use opposed to "delete them all".--Bootstrapping 18:13, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

Thoughts on policy, replaceability by Luke Brandt

 * Hey the commercial venture thing don't seem that bizare.You can have for free the downgraded shity wikipedia with no pictures but you can buy it with the propriatary/fair use images for 100-200€.Thus the GFDL is complitly bombed away.and the volonter's(us) are completly fucked.This is a very serious charge since it also involve treason.Especially for jimmy walles.--Bootstrapping 16:22, 16 December 2006 (UTC)

Helping out with the Unassessed Wikipedia Biographies
Seeing that you are an active member of the WikiBiography Project, I was wondering if you would help lend a hand in helping us clear out the amount of [unassessed articles] tagged with. Many of them are of stub and start class, but a few are of B or A caliber. Getting a simple assessment rating can help us start moving many of these biographies to a higher quality article. Thank you! --Ozgod 22:47, 23 February 2007 (UTC)
 * I see there's a lot. Will lend a hand with a few :) luke 18:26, 24 February 2007 (UTC)

Wikiproject Biography March 2007 Newsletter
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Winston Churchill
I see one of your interests is British politicians. Would you be interested in assisting in the resolution of a dispute regarding Churchill's ideas on India and the Government of India Act 1935? If you are please see the Churchill talk page for details of the dispute Backnumber1662 —Preceding signed but undated comment was added at 11:16, 5 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Hi, Please allow me the weekend to try and absorb the details. Not really sure if I can help, but will most certainly have a look. It's true I've done a few edits on a couple of Conservatives. Meantime, perhaps a historian familiar with the period could be of more assistance. Thanks —  luke 23:58, 5 October 2007 (UTC)

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great minds....
G'day luke (it's been a while!) - I saw your comment at the arbcom RfC about the jury thing, and thought I'd point out Devolution - if you check out the talk page you'll see that I'm suggesting it might work well within that proposal... your input would be most welcome.. cheers, Privatemusings (talk) 02:14, 1 July 2008 (UTC)
 * thanks for the heads-up PM. greatly appreciate it --luke (talk) 05:26, 4 July 2008 (UTC)

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WikiProject Space reorganization
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Hermann Flaschka aritcle
Hi, You were linked for mathematicians' biographies. The Hermann Flaschka article states his nationality as "Austrian". Please check that. I think what was meant is "Austrian born". He's been in the US since about age 13. Went to DHHS and Georgia Tech in Atlanta. Graduated from MIT and has had a long University career in the US. Although it might be possible, I consider it highly unlikely that he was never naturalized as a US citizen. Thanks for your help and attention. 99.11.160.111 (talk) 02:10, 13 June 2011 (UTC)
 * O.K. I found a source: the German Wikipedia article has him as American.  I'll change the article accordingly. 99.11.160.111 (talk) 02:18, 13 June 2011 (UTC)

RfC:Infobox Road proposal
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Nbound (talk) 22:44, 8 May 2013 (UTC)

title: User talk:Shojo


text:
Laraʼ language

Laraʼ (also called Luru, Berkati, Bakati, Bekatiq, Bekatiʼ Nyam-Pelayo, Bekatiʼ Kendayan, and Rara Bakatiʼ) is a language spoken by some 19,000 people in Borneo, on both the Indonesian side (West Kalimantan) and Malaysian side (Sarawak) of the island. Most information about it has been gathered by various Christian missionary groups.

title: Laraʼ language


text:
Talk:Waleska, Georgia

Untitled
"Males have a median income of $26,563,000,000 versus $33,750 for females."

I HIGHLY doubt that... — Preceding unsigned comment added by 12.150.117.30 (talk • contribs) 17:53, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

Assessment
If you would like to know why I assessed the article the way I have, please use my talk page. Ethan (talk) 06:05, 27 July 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Waleska, Georgia


text: Template:Australian flags

title: Template:Australian flags


text:
Talk:Palestine Mandate

Copied from Talk:1922 Text: League of Nations Palestine Mandate (the article was redirected to : Palestine Mandate)

The Palestine Mandate : The Council of the League of Nations : 24 July 1922

Whereas the Principal Allied Powers have agreed, for the purpose of giving effect to the provisions of Article 22 of the Covenant of the League of Nations, to entrust to a Mandatory selected by the said Powers the administration of the territory of Palestine , which formerly belonged to the Turkish Empire , within such boundaries as may be fixed by them; and

Whereas the Principal Allied Powers have also agreed that the Mandatory should be responsible for putting into effect the declaration originally made on November 2nd, 1917, by the Government of His Britannic Majesty, and adopted by the said Powers, in favor of the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, it being clearly understood that nothing should be done which might prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine, or the rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in any other country; and

Whereas recognition has thereby been given to the historical connection of the Jewish people with Palestine and to the grounds for reconstituting their national home in that country; and

Whereas the Principal Allied Powers have selected His Britannic Majesty as the Mandatory for Palestine; and

Whereas the mandate in respect of Palestine has been formulated in the following terms and submitted to the Council of the League for approval; and

Whereas His Britannic Majesty has accepted the mandate in respect of Palestine and undertaken to exercise it on behalf of the League of Nations in conformity with the following provisions; and

Whereas by the afore-mentioned Article 22 (paragraph 8), it is provided that the degree of authority, control or administration to be exercised by the Mandatory, not having been previously agreed upon by the Members of the League, shall be explicitly defined by the Council of the League Of Nations; confirming the said Mandate, defines its terms as follows: Contents [hide]

* 1 ARTICLE 1. * 2 ART. 2.   * 3 ART. 3.   * 4 ART. 4.   * 5 ART. 5.   * 6 ART. 6.   * 7 ART. 7.   * 8 ART. 8.   * 9 ART. 9.   * 10 ART. 10.   * 11 ART. 11.   * 12 ART. 12.   * 13 ART. 13.   * 14 ART. 14.   * 15 ART. 15.   * 16 ART. 16.   * 17 ART. 17.   * 18 ART. 18.   * 19 ART. 19.   * 20 ART. 20.   * 21 (1)    * 22 (2)    * 23 (3)    * 24 (4)    * 25 (5)    * 26 (6)    * 27 (7)    * 28 (8)    * 29 ART. 22.   * 30 ART. 23.   * 31 ART. 24.   * 32 ART. 25.   * 33 ART. 26.   * 34 ART. 27.   * 35 ART. 28.

[edit]

ARTICLE 1.

The Mandatory shall have full powers of legislation and of administration, save as they may be limited by the terms of this mandate. [edit]

ART. 2.

The Mandatory shall be responsible for placing the country under such political, administrative and economic conditions as will secure the establishment of the Jewish national home, as laid down in the preamble, and the development of self-governing institutions, and also for safeguarding the civil and religious rights of all the inhabitants of Palestine, irrespective of race and religion. [edit]

ART. 3.

The Mandatory shall, so far as circumstances permit, encourage local autonomy. [edit]

ART. 4.

An appropriate Jewish agency shall be recognised as a public body for the purpose of advising and co-operating with the Administration of Palestine in such economic, social and other matters as may affect the establishment of the Jewish national home and the interests of the Jewish population in Palestine, and, subject always to the control of the Administration to assist and take part in the development of the country.

The Zionist organization, so long as its organization and constitution are in the opinion of the Mandatory appropriate, shall be recognised as such agency. It shall take steps in consultation with His Britannic Majesty's Government to secure the co-operation of all Jews who are willing to assist in the establishment of the Jewish national home. [edit]

ART. 5.

The Mandatory shall be responsible for seeing that no Palestine territory shall be ceded or leased to, or in any way placed under the control of the Government of any foreign Power. [edit]

ART. 6.

The Administration of Palestine, while ensuring that the rights and position of other sections of the population are not prejudiced, shall facilitate Jewish immigration under suitable conditions and shall encourage, in co-operation with the Jewish agency referred to in Article 4, close settlement by Jews on the land, including State lands and waste lands not required for public purposes. [edit]

ART. 7.

The Administration of Palestine shall be responsible for enacting a nationality law. There shall be included in this law provisions framed so as to facilitate the acquisition of Palestinian citizenship by Jews who take up their permanent residence in Palestine. [edit]

ART. 8.

The privileges and immunities of foreigners, including the benefits of consular jurisdiction and protection as formerly enjoyed by Capitulation or usage in the Ottoman Empire, shall not be applicable in Palestine.

Unless the Powers whose nationals enjoyed the afore-mentioned privileges and immunities on August 1st, 1914, shall have previously renounced the right to their re-establishment, or shall have agreed to their non-application for a specified period, these privileges and immunities shall, at the expiration of the mandate, be immediately reestablished in their entirety or with such modifications as may have been agreed upon between the Powers concerned. [edit]

ART. 9.

The Mandatory shall be responsible for seeing that the judicial system established in Palestine shall assure to foreigners, as well as to natives, a complete guarantee of their rights.

Respect for the personal status of the various peoples and communities and for their religious interests shall be fully guaranteed. In particular, the control and administration of Wakfs shall be exercised in accordance with religious law and the dispositions of the founders. [edit]

ART. 10.

Pending the making of special extradition agreements relating to Palestine, the extradition treaties in force between the Mandatory and other foreign Powers shall apply to Palestine. [edit]

ART. 11.

The Administration of Palestine shall take all necessary measures to safeguard the interests of the community in connection with the development of the country, and, subject to any international obligations accepted by the Mandatory, shall have full power to provide for public ownership or control of any of the natural resources of the country or of the public works, services and utilities established or to be established therein. It shall introduce a land system appropriate to the needs of the country, having regard, among other things, to the desirability of promoting the close settlement and intensive cultivation of the land.

The Administration may arrange with the Jewish agency mentioned in Article 4 to construct or operate, upon fair and equitable terms, any public works, services and utilities, and to develop any of the natural resources of the country, in so far as these matters are not directly undertaken by the Administration. Any such arrangements shall provide that no profits distributed by such agency, directly or indirectly, shall exceed a reasonable rate of interest on the capital, and any further profits shall be utilised by it for the benefit of the country in a manner approved by the Administration. [edit]

ART. 12.

The Mandatory shall be entrusted with the control of the foreign relations of Palestine and the right to issue exequaturs to consuls appointed by foreign Powers. He shall also be entitled to afford diplomatic and consular protection to citizens of Palestine when outside its territorial limits. [edit]

ART. 13.

All responsibility in connection with the Holy Places and religious buildings or sites in Palestine, including that of preserving existing rights and of securing free access to the Holy Places, religious buildings and sites and the free exercise of worship, while ensuring the requirements of public order and decorum, is assumed by the Mandatory, who shall be responsible solely to the League of Nations in all matters connected herewith, provided that nothing in this article shall prevent the Mandatory from entering into such arrangements as he may deem reasonable with the Administration for the purpose of carrying the provisions of this article into effect; and provided also that nothing in this mandate shall be construed as conferring upon the Mandatory authority to interfere with the fabric or the management of purely Moslem sacred shrines, the immunities of which are guaranteed. [edit]

ART. 14.

A special commission shall be appointed by the Mandatory to study, define and determine the rights and claims in connection with the Holy Places and the rights and claims relating to the different religious communities in Palestine. The method of nomination, the composition and the functions of this Commission shall be submitted to the Council of the League for its approval, and the Commission shall not be appointed or enter upon its functions without the approval of the Council. [edit]

ART. 15.

The Mandatory shall see that complete freedom of conscience and the free exercise of all forms of worship, subject only to the maintenance of public order and morals, are ensured to all. No discrimination of any kind shall be made between the inhabitants of Palestine on the ground of race, religion or language. No person shall be excluded from Palestine on the sole ground of his religious belief.

The right of each community to maintain its own schools for the education of its own members in its own language, while conforming to such educational requirements of a general nature as the Administration may impose, shall not be denied or impaired. [edit]

ART. 16.

The Mandatory shall be responsible for exercising such supervision over religious or eleemosynary bodies of all faiths in Palestine as may be required for the maintenance of public order and good government. Subject to such supervision, no measures shall be taken in Palestine to obstruct or interfere with the enterprise of such bodies or to discriminate against any representative or member of them on the ground of his religion or nationality. [edit]

ART. 17.

The Administration of Palestine may organise on a voluntary basis the forces necessary for the preservation of peace and order, and also for the defence of the country, subject, however, to the supervision of the Mandatory, but shall not use them for purposes other than those above specified save with the consent of the Mandatory. Except for such purposes, no military, naval or air forces shall be raised or maintained by the Administration of Palestine.

Nothing in this article shall preclude the Administration of Palestine from contributing to the cost of the maintenance of the forces of the Mandatory in Palestine.

The Mandatory shall be entitled at all times to use the roads, railways and ports of Palestine for the movement of armed forces and the carriage of fuel and supplies. [edit]

ART. 18.

The Mandatory shall see that there is no discrimination in Palestine against the nationals of any State Member of the League of Nations (including companies incorporated under its laws) as compared with those of the Mandatory or of any foreign State in matters concerning taxation, commerce or navigation, the exercise of industries or professions, or in the treatment of merchant vessels or civil aircraft. Similarly, there shall be no discrimination in Palestine against goods originating in or destined for any of the said States, and there shall be freedom of transit under equitable conditions across the mandated area.

Subject as aforesaid and to the other provisions of this mandate, the Administration of Palestine may, on the advice of the Mandatory, impose such taxes and customs duties as it may consider necessary, and take such steps as it may think best to promote the development of the natural resources of the country and to safeguard the interests of the population. It may also, on the advice of the Mandatory, conclude a special customs agreement with any State the territory of which in 1914 was wholly included in Asiatic Turkey or Arabia. [edit]

ART. 19.

The Mandatory shall adhere on behalf of the Administration of Palestine to any general international conventions already existing, or which may be concluded hereafter with the approval of the League of Nations, respecting the slave traffic, the traffic in arms and ammunition, or the traffic in drugs, or relating to commercial equality, freedom of transit and navigation, aerial navigation and postal, telegraphic and wireless communication or literary, artistic or industrial property. [edit]

ART. 20.

The Mandatory shall co-operate on behalf of the Administration of Palestine, so far as religious, social and other conditions may permit, in the execution of any common policy adopted by the League of Nations for preventing and combating disease, including diseases of plants and animals. ART. 21.

The Mandatory shall secure the enactment within twelve months from this date, and shall ensure the execution of a Law of Antiquities based on the following rules. This law shall ensure equality of treatment in the matter of excavations and archaeological research to the nationals of all States Members of the League of Nations. [edit]

(1)

"Antiquity" means any construction or any product of human activity earlier than the year 1700 A. D. [edit]

(2)

The law for the protection of antiquities shall proceed by encouragement rather than by threat.

Any person who, having discovered an antiquity without being furnished with the authorization referred to in paragraph 5, reports the same to an official of the competent Department, shall be rewarded according to the value of the discovery. [edit]

(3)

No antiquity may be disposed of except to the competent Department, unless this Department renounces the acquisition of any such antiquity.

No antiquity may leave the country without an export licence from the said Department. [edit]

(4)

Any person who maliciously or negligently destroys or damages an antiquity shall be liable to a penalty to be fixed. [edit]

(5)

No clearing of ground or digging with the object of finding antiquities shall be permitted, under penalty of fine, except to persons authorised by the competent Department. [edit]

(6)

Equitable terms shall be fixed for expropriation, temporary or permanent, of lands which might be of historical or archaeological interest. [edit]

(7)

Authorization to excavate shall only be granted to persons who show sufficient guarantees of archaeological experience. The Administration of Palestine shall not, in granting these authorizations, act in such a way as to exclude scholars of any nation without good grounds. [edit]

(8)

The proceeds of excavations may be divided between the excavator and the competent Department in a proportion fixed by that Department. If division seems impossible for scientific reasons, the excavator shall receive a fair indemnity in lieu of a part of the find. [edit]

ART. 22.

English, Arabic and Hebrew shall be the official languages of Palestine. Any statement or inscription in Arabic on stamps or money in Palestine shall be repeated in Hebrew and any statement or inscription in Hebrew shall be repeated in Arabic. [edit]

ART. 23.

The Administration of Palestine shall recognise the holy days of the respective communities in Palestine as legal days of rest for the members of such communities.

[edit]

ART. 24.

The Mandatory shall make to the Council of the League of Nations an annual report to the satisfaction of the Council as to the measures taken during the year to carry out the provisions of the mandate. Copies of all laws and regulations promulgated or issued during the year shall be communicated with the report. [edit]

ART. 25.

In the territories lying between the Jordan and the eastern boundary of Palestine as ultimately determined, the Mandatory shall be entitled, with the consent of the Council of the League of Nations, to postpone or withhold application of such provisions of this mandate as he may consider inapplicable to the existing local conditions, and to make such provision for the administration of the territories as he may consider suitable to those conditions, provided that no action shall be taken which is inconsistent with the provisions of Articles 15, 16 and 18. [edit]

ART. 26.

The Mandatory agrees that, if any dispute whatever should arise between the Mandatory and another member of the League of Nations relating to the interpretation or the application of the provisions of the mandate, such dispute, if it cannot be settled by negotiation, shall be submitted to the Permanent Court of International Justice provided for by Article 14 of the Covenant of the League of Nations. [edit]

ART. 27.

The consent of the Council of the League of Nations is required for any modification of the terms of this mandate. [edit]

ART. 28.

In the event of the termination of the mandate hereby conferred upon the Mandatory, the Council of the League of Nations shall make such arrangements as may be deemed necessary for safeguarding in perpetuity, under guarantee of the League, the rights secured by Articles 13 and 14, and shall use its influence for securing, under the guarantee of the League, that the Government of Palestine will fully honour the financial obligations legitimately incurred by the Administration of Palestine during the period of the mandate, including the rights of public servants to pensions or gratuities.

The present instrument shall be deposited in original in the archives of the League of Nations and certified copies shall be forwarded by the Secretary-General of the League of Nations to all members of the League

Done at London the twenty-fourth day of July, one thousand nine hundred and twenty-two.

Changed to redirect
All the information is in Mandate for Palestine, changing this to a redirect

title: Talk:Palestine Mandate


text:
Nernst (crater)

Nernst is a lunar impact crater that lies on the far side of the Moon, just beyond the northwestern limb. It lies across the northern part of the larger walled plain Lorentz, and intrudes slightly into the northwestern rim of the crater Röntgen.

The rim of Nernst is relatively well-defined, although several smaller impacts lies across the edge. The satellite crater Nernst T has broken through the western rim edge. Smaller craters also lie along the rim to the southwest and south-southeast. Around the remainder of the inner wall is some slumping and a few terrace-like features.

The interior of Nernst is relatively level, with a central peak formation offset slightly to the south of the midpoint. A pair of small craters lies on the interior floor along the western and southern inner edges. Parts of the remaining floor are marked by a series of rilles. In the southern half these rilles form grooves running generally from east to west.

Satellite craters
By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Nernst.

title: Nernst (crater)


text:
Uig, Snizort

Uig (Ùige ) is a village at the head of Uig Bay on the west coast of the Trotternish peninsula on the Isle of Skye, Scotland. In 2011 it had a population of 423.

Name
The name is thought to be derived from Old Norse vík, which means bay or inlet. Borrowed via Germanic intermediary ('harbour town') from Latin  (, 'village'), Uig shares etymological roots with placenames such as Wick, Highland; Vik, Sogn og Fjordane, Norway; Vík í Mýrdal, Iceland; the suffix -wich, and the word village itself.

Geography
Uig is situated partly on the raised beach around the head of the bay and partly on the steep slopes behind it. Two watercourses enter the bay at Uig: the River Rha from the north and the River Conon which drains Glen Uig to the east. The lower courses of both of these small rivers are characterised by waterfalls.

Uig Tower is a prominent local landmark associated with the Highland Clearances.

Uigg, Prince Edward Island, Canada was named by settlers from Uig.

Road
Uig is served by the A87 road from Portree and Kyle of Lochalsh to the south, and the A855 road which runs northwards around the end of the Trotternish peninsula before also turning south to Portree. Uig is also served by the local 57A and 57C buses from Portree and Trotternish, and daily Scottish Citylink buses, service 915 and 916, which travel from Glasgow via Fort William and Kyle of Lochalsh.

Ferries
From its sheltered port, Caledonian MacBrayne ferries run to Tarbert on Harris and Lochmaddy on North Uist, providing links with the Outer Hebrides. Ferries leave from the pier, which is under the control of Highland Harbours, which is run by the Highland Council.

title: Uig, Snizort


text:
User talk:Pipdipchip

Image:Carly Patterson.jpg
--bdesham 17:57, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

Image:Carly Patterson2.jpg
--bdesham 17:57, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

Proposed deletion
I've added the "prod" template to the article Sven Sundgaard, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but I don't believe it satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and I've explained why in the article (see also What Wikipedia is not and Importance). Please either work to improve the article if the topic is worthy of inclusion in Wikipedia, or, if you disagree, discuss the issues raised at Talk:Sven Sundgaard. If you remove the dated prod template, the article will not be deleted, but note that it may still be sent to Articles for deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. Marskell 21:41, 19 May 2006 (UTC)

Unspecified source for Image:Carly patterson pip.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Carly patterson pip.jpg. I notice the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you have not created this file yourself, then there needs to be a justification explaining why we have the right to use it on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you did not create the file yourself, then you need to specify where it was found, i.e., in most cases link to the website where it was taken from, and the terms of use for content from that page.

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AfD nomination of Sven Sundgaard
An article that you have been involved in editing, Sven Sundgaard, has been listed for deletion. If you are interested in the deletion discussion, please participate by adding your comments at Articles for deletion/Sven Sundgaard. Thank you. --BJBot (talk) 00:59, 26 December 2007 (UTC)

Disputed fair use rationale for Image:CarlyPatterson Duets.jpg
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Disputed fair use rationale for Image:Carly Patterson - Promotional Picture.jpg}
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Image copyright problem with File:Trojan Head.jpg
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Luna Element listed at Redirects for discussion
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File:Carly Rae Patterson.jpg listed for discussion
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title: User talk:Pipdipchip


text:
User talk:Qimmiq

Welcome
Hello , and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! --Lord Voldemort (Dark Mark) 17:57, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

Nomination of Conlang X-SAMPA for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Conlang X-SAMPA is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Conlang X-SAMPA until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article.

title: User talk:Qimmiq


text:
Daniel Cleary

Daniel Michael Cleary (born December 18, 1978) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player who played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Chicago Blackhawks, Edmonton Oilers, Phoenix Coyotes and Detroit Red Wings. He currently serves as the Director of Player Development for Detroit.

He was a member of the 2008 Stanley Cup winning Red Wings team, and in doing so became the first player from Newfoundland and Labrador to win the Stanley Cup.

Junior
Cleary was born in Carbonear, Newfoundland, the location of the area's only hospital, and was raised in Harbour Grace, in a section of the town called Riverhead. After playing minor hockey in Harbour Grace, Cleary left home at age 15 to play for the Kingston Voyageurs of the Metro Junior Hockey League (OHA). He scored 46 points in 41 games with the Voyageurs that season, and was subsequently selected 11th overall by the Belleville Bulls of the OHL in the 1994 OHL Priority Selection.

Cleary spent his junior career with Belleville. After his rookie season in 1994-95, Cleary was named to the CHL All-Rookie Team and to the OHL First All-Rookie team. During Cleary's second year with the Bulls, he was second in the league in points with 115 and was named to the OHL First All-Star Team and the CHL Second All-Star Team. During the 1996–97 season, Cleary served as captain of the Bulls. While his offensive production dropped off from the previous season, he was nevertheless named to the OHL First All-Star Team, and was drafted 13th overall by the Chicago Blackhawks in the 1997 NHL Entry Draft. Cleary played his final year of major junior hockey during 1997–98, leading the OHL playoffs in assists (17) and points (23).

Professional
Just one year removed from junior hockey, Cleary was dealt to the Edmonton Oilers as part of a package that landed Boris Mironov in Chicago. Cleary played parts of four seasons in Edmonton. Cleary's $1 million contract was bought out by the Oilers in the summer of 2003. Shortly thereafter, he was signed to a much cheaper contract by the Phoenix Coyotes. He played, together with his former Edmonton teammate and friend Shawn Horcoff, for Mora IK of Elitserien during the 2004–05 NHL lockout. Following the lockout, Phoenix did not offer Cleary a qualifying contract. Cleary was invited to the Detroit Red Wings training camp, making the team out of camp and signing to a one-year contract with the Red Wings on October 4, 2005. In the 2005–06 season, Cleary established himself as a dependable role player as a defensive forward.

In the 2006–07 season, given an expanded role with the Wings, Cleary scored a career high 20 goals in 71 games. During the 2006–07 NHL playoff quarterfinals against Calgary, Cleary successfully converted a penalty shot while shorthanded; this was the first time it had been done in Detroit during the playoffs.

In the 2007–08 season, Cleary repeated the accomplishment of scoring 20 goals in the regular season. On February 9, 2008, Cleary suffered a broken jaw which forced him to miss 19 games. On March 11, 2008, Cleary signed a five-year contract extension with the Detroit Red Wings, worth $14 million.

On June 4, 2008, Cleary won the Stanley Cup with the Detroit Red Wings as they beat the Pittsburgh Penguins four games to two in the Stanley Cup Finals, becoming the first Newfoundlander to do so.

On June 30, 2008, Cleary brought the Stanley Cup home to Newfoundland. A packed lobby welcomed Cleary at the St. John's International Airport. Later that day, Cleary brought the Cup to the Janeway Children's Hospital. On July 1, 2008, Cleary brought the Stanley Cup back to his hometown of Harbour Grace, Newfoundland for a Canada Day celebration that included a parade and a concert. The event attracted an estimated 27,000 people. The event also attracted an estimated 103 individual media accreditations with media from across Canada and the United States landing in Harbour Grace to cover Dan Cleary's story.

The Newfoundland bluegrass/folk band Greeley's Reel recorded a "hockey anthem" version of their song "Come In" about Cleary after the win. The refrain specifically highlights the celebration that would occur "when Danny Cleary brings the Stanley Cup to Newfoundland." In addition to receiving extensive local radio airplay, the song appeared on CBC Television and a Fox Sports Detroit special.

In the 2009 Stanley Cup playoffs on May 14, 2009, Cleary scored the tie breaking, Western Conference semi-final series winning goal for the Detroit Red Wings against the Anaheim Ducks with three minutes left in game seven. With the win the Red Wings moved on to face the Chicago Blackhawks in the Western Conference Final. Cleary scored five goals against his former team in a 4-1 series win clinching the Western Conference title before succumbing to the Pittsburgh Penguins in seven games in a rematch of the previous Stanley Cup Finals.

In 2009, Cleary founded the Danny Cleary Hockey School in his native province of Newfoundland. The hockey school achieved notoriety after Henrik Zetterberg appeared wearing a hat donning the Danny Cleary Hockey School logo.

On September 12, 2013, the Detroit Red Wings re-signed Cleary to a one-year, $1.75 million contract. On July 10, 2014, the Detroit Red Wings re-signed Cleary to a one-year, $1.5 million contract, with up to $1 million in performance-based bonuses.

During the 2014–15 season, Cleary appeared in 17 games for the Red Wings, where he recorded one goal and one assist. On September 4, 2015, the Detroit Red Wings re-signed Cleary to a one-year, $950,000 contract.

On September 23, 2016, Cleary signed a one-year contract with the Grand Rapids Griffins of the American Hockey League (AHL). During the 2016–17 season, Cleary did not feature in a game for the Griffins instead serving as an unofficial player/coach role in mentoring the younger players within the Red Wings organization. Cleary announced his retirement from playing after the Griffins captured the Calder Cup on June 13, 2017.

International play
Cleary's first experience representing Canada internationally was when he played at the 1995 U18 Tournament, scoring four goals and four assists over five games. Cleary later played for Canadian national team at the 2002 IIHF World Championship, scoring two goals and three points in a disappointing sixth-place finish, which was Canada's fifth straight World Championship without a gold medal.

title: Daniel Cleary


text:
Talk:Daniel Cleary

Untitled
Should we clarify whether the $1 million contract with the Oilers was in CDN or USD? This might be especially important if the figure mentioned for the Detroit contract is in USD, as I suspect.

Studying chemistry?
Whether he is or isn't studying chemistry at the University of Liverpool, I would hardly consider that to be an award or achievement, especially considering the nature of the other awards. 142.163.155.0 (talk) 14:07, 7 September 2010 (UTC)
 * He isn't anyway... a cursory Google search reveals that there is a Daniel Cleary studying chemistry at Liverpool, it's fairly obvious what happened here. -- MichiganCharms (talk) 22:06, 15 February 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Daniel Cleary


text: File:Me Myself I - Joan Armatrading.jpg

title: File:Me Myself I - Joan Armatrading.jpg


text:
Talk:Hours (Funeral Album)

Album notation removed when redirect was created.--Charron 19:49, 27 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hours (Funeral Album)


text:
Greensted Church

Greensted Church, in the small village of Greensted, near Chipping Ongar in Essex, England, has been claimed to be the oldest wooden church in the world, and probably the oldest wooden building in Europe still standing, albeit only in part, since few sections of its original wooden structure remain. The oak walls are often classified as remnants of a palisade church or, more loosely, as a kind of early stave church, dated either to the mid-9th or mid-11th century.

The Grade I listed building lies about a mile west of Chipping Ongar town centre. Its full title is The Church of St Andrew, Greensted-juxta-Ongar. It is, however, commonly known simply as Greensted Church. Greensted is still a functioning church and holds services every week.

History
Greensted Church has possibly stood for nearly 1,200 years. Dendrochronology estimated its construction to 845 AD; a later analysis has reset the date of the timbers to 1053 (+10/55 years). Archaeological evidence suggests that, before there was a permanent structure, there may well have been another church, or a holy place, on the site. Construction of the first permanent church on this site is thought to have begun shortly after Cedd began his conversion of the East Saxons around 654. The archaeological remnants of two simple wooden buildings were discovered under the present chancel floor, and these are thought to have been built in the late 6th or early 7th century.

The church's dedication to St Andrew might suggest a Celtic foundation for the original sanctuary. The body of King Edmund the Martyr of East Anglia (who was killed in 870, possibly at Hoxne) is said to have rested there in 1013, on its way to reburial at Bury St Edmunds. There are many tributes to St Edmund in the church itself.

Some of the Tolpuddle Martyrs were granted farm tenancies in the Chipping Ongar area after they returned from transportation. One of them, James Brine, married Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Standfield, at Greensted church on 20 June 1839; the record of the marriage can be seen in the present register. The Brines moved to London, Ontario, Canada in 1844.

The church was featured on a British postage stamp issued in 1972, part of a set of village churches. The oak font, designed by Hugh Casson and made by Russell Thomas, was added in 1987.

Construction

The church, like many, has had work performed on it over the centuries.

Anglo-Saxon and Norman elements
The nave is made of large split oak tree trunks, which was a traditional Anglo-Saxon way of building. The nave is mostly original, and dendrochronological research in the 1960s dated it to 845. In 1995, however, this date was revised to 1053 +10–55 years (some time between 1063 and 1108). This range of dates is based on the dendrochronological date of the youngest timber (1053), plus a standard allowance of 10–55 years for sapwood rings which are assumed to have been weathered away.

An interesting detail of the nave is the so-called "leper's squint" or hagioscope on the north side. This small aperture through the oak wall was formerly thought to have been a place where lepers who, not allowed inside the church with the general populace, were allowed to receive a blessing from the priest. Its position next to the original doorway has led researchers to conclude that it was a window used to see who was approaching the church.

In the chancel, the flint footings of the wall and the pillar piscina inside the sanctuary are all that is left of any Norman work. Near the porch, a large, coped stone marks the resting place of an unknown knight.

16th century
The original chancel was small and built of timber, but the current brick-built chancel dates from this period of construction.

17th to 19th century
The white weatherboarded tower was added in the Stuart period (17th century), and is what initially draws the eye. One of the bells is inscribed "William Land made me 1618". There are a number of mediaeval wooden towers in the district.

Around this time the three dormer windows were added to the nave for the first time, and the south porch was added. A fragment of 15th-century glass can be seen in the centre of the quatrefoil window at the west end, but it was set there during the Victorian restoration. The earliest wall memorial is dedicated to Jone Wood, 1585.

Victorian restoration
Reconstruction work by the Victorians in the 19th century added some detailed brickwork to the building along with, most probably, some of the more ornate decoration to the outside. It replaced the three dormer windows with six, and the porch was reconstructed, along with other minor alterations and stone coping.

title: Greensted Church


text:
Brough, East Riding of Yorkshire

Brough (, locally ) is a town in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It is part of the civil parish of Elloughton-cum-Brough with the neighbouring village of Elloughton. Brough is situated on the northern bank of the Humber Estuary, approximately 12 mi west of Hull city centre. Brough has a long association with BAE Systems.

History
The town was known as Petuaria during the Roman period, and served as the capital of the Celtic tribe of the Parisi. Petuaria marked the southern end of the Roman road known now as Cade's Road which ran roughly northwards for a hundred miles to Pons Aelius (modern day Newcastle upon Tyne).

The town's name is simply from the Old English burh meaning "fortification" and is thus related to the terms borough and burgh.

Brough was created a town by the Archbishop of York in 1239, granted the same liberties as Beverley. There is no record of these liberties having been employed, and the settlement operated as a village for further centuries.

The town is significant for its association with the highwayman Dick Turpin. About June 1737 Turpin boarded at the Ferry Inn at Brough, under the alias of John Palmer (or Parmen). Turpin travelled between and resided in Brough, until his capture and execution for horse theft in 1739.

Demographics
Over the past couple of years, there has been a shift in the socio-economic group of people living in Brough because of improved rail links and new housing developments, most recently the Brough South development. This change has brought more money into the area. As a result, the average wage rate and amount of spending has increased significantly.

Amenities
Brough has a range of shops and takeaways, and two supermarkets: Morrisons, Aldi, Sainsbury's Local, with a Lidl planned to be built. There are two dentists, two vets, hairdressers, a medical centre, a private hearing aid audiologist, a post office. Brough also has a couple of public houses.

Education
Primary education at Brough is provided by Brough Primary School and newly moved, Hunsley Primary, previously near the secondary school in Melton. The nearest secondary school is South Hunsley School and Sixth Form College is approximately 2 mi to the east of the town in Melton.

Media
Local news and television programmes are provided by BBC Yorkshire and Lincolnshire and ITV Yorkshire. Television signals are received from the Belmont TV transmitter.

Local radio stations are BBC Radio Humberside, Greatest Hits Radio East Yorkshire, Viking FM, Nation Radio East Yorkshire ands Capital Yorkshire.

The town is served by the local newspaper, Hull Daily Mail.

Transport
The town is served by Brough railway station on the Hull to Selby and Doncaster railway line. Direct rail services to London are provided by Hull Trains and London North Eastern Railway. Other services are TransPennine Express trains running west to Leeds, Manchester Piccadilly, Liverpool, and Northern to York, Doncaster and Sheffield. All east-bound trains run to Hull: some then run north to Cottingham, Beverley, Driffield, Bridlington, Filey and Scarborough.

Most local bus services are provided by East Yorkshire Motor Services. The services run to Hull as well as other towns and villages in the East Riding such as Goole, Howden, North Ferriby and Beverley. There are daily Stagecoach in Hull services to Leeds. National Express also stop at Brough.

The town lies 1 mi south of the main A63 from Hull to the M62. It is about 1 mi to the A63 junction east, 2 mi to the junction west (and then a further 4 mi to the M62 motorway). Humberside Airport is 19 mi to the south-east (reached by driving across the Humber Bridge), and overnight ferry services by P&O Ferries sail to Rotterdam and Zeebrugge from King George Dock, Hull (about 13 mi away).

BAE Systems
BAE Systems (formerly British Aerospace), Brough, manufactured the Hawk Advanced Jet Trainer aircraft at Brough Aerodrome. BAE provided apprenticeships to local school leavers. The runway at the site was re-opened for a while for occasional use solely by Hawk aircraft taking off after manufacture to transfer by air to Warton near Preston in Lancashire for final flight testing and painting though the former Air Traffic Control building has now been transformed into the Brough Business Centre.

On 3 April 2008 BAE Systems announced it would be losing 450 jobs from the Brough site. On 1 March 2012 BAE Systems announced it would be ending manufacturing at its site in Brough with 845 employees to be made redundant. Manufacturing at the plant ceased on Christmas Eve 2020. There are now proposals to build over much of the airfield - including the runway. As of 2020, construction on the runway has started with phase two of the Brough South development (Brough Relief Road).

Notable people

 * Robert Stephenson (1906–1942), first-class cricketer and Royal Navy officer

 * Keir Mather, Labour MP for Selby and Ainsty in North Yorkshire

title: Brough, East Riding of Yorkshire


text:
Southwest Magnet High School

Southwest Magnet High School, also known as Southwest-Macon and Southwest Magnet High School and Law Academy, is a high school in Macon, Georgia, United States, serving students in grades 9–12. It is a unit of the Bibb County School System.

Notable alumni

 * Bobby Bryant, former NFL cornerback, Minnesota Vikings
 * Milt Cuyler, former professional baseball player (Detroit Tigers, Boston Red Sox, Texas Rangers); current Hitting Coach of the Gulf Coast Twins
 * Terry Fair (1960–2020), American-Israeli professional basketball player
 * Jeff Malone, professional basketball player
 * Norm Nixon, professional basketball player
 * Sharone Wright, professional basketball player

title: Southwest Magnet High School


text: User talk:68.41.155.254

title: User talk:68.41.155.254


text:
Women & Children's Hospital of Buffalo

Women & Children's Hospital of Buffalo (1892–2017) was a children's hospital in Buffalo, New York. It was a pediatric facility serving patients in Western New York and parts of Southern Ontario. It was a teaching hospital loosely affiliated with the State University of New York at Buffalo. The hospital treated infants, children, teens, and young adults aged 0–21 and also had extensive women's health facilities.

History
The hospital was founded in 1892 as The Children's Hospital of Buffalo. During the first year of operation, so many patients were turned away for lack of space that in 1893 the hospital was forced to increase the capacity by 40 beds. During the next few decades, the hospital renovated and added modern medical equipment, and by the 1950s, hospital had about 200 pediatric beds and 75 beds for women and bassinets. Over the years the hospital was recognized many times by U.S. News & World Report for its leading national pediatric programs. After a merger with Kaleida Health, the facility was renamed Women & Children's Hospital of Buffalo (WCHOB). The hospital was then closed in 2017 when the newly built Oishei Children's Hospital opened on the Buffalo Niagara Medical Campus (about one mile or 1.6 km from WCHOB).

title: Women & Children's Hospital of Buffalo