text:
Talk:Brick Gothic

Picture St Mary Greifswald
is on the German [Brick gothik] page, since the Greifswald Commons is not working I could need some help to get it over here. More text to this article will be provided in the near future. Help on the article and more pictures, especially from historians in brick gothic cities, are welcome. --Kresspahl 16:13, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

Development of the articles on de:WP and en:WP
The German article de:Backsteingotik (start:13.2.2004) was not a big one, when I started Brick Gothic here on 26.8.2005. What has happened since then? The German article split into the article and an additional list called de:Liste bedeutender Bauten der Backsteingotik (in English: List of important brick gothic buildings). I let things go, look what happened. The Germans didn't do anything on the en:WP article/list but worked hard on their "special" list of buildings. The en:WP article develloped as a list but not with the necessary content and explanation.--Kresspahl 21:37, 7 January 2007 (UTC)

 * What is your worry? Germans making the international community look bad? Editors who contribute to German (or any other) Wikipedia are not required to work in English Wikipedia, too. Besides, Germans are attacked on English Wikipedia, like people with insecurities like you, and there is no shortage on Wikipedia (84.181.112.22 is a German IP address), should lay off Wikipedia. -- Matthead discuß!    O       07:17, 30 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Well, this is not a good architecture article. I notice that the medieval churches of Groningen and Friesland are missing, but I would not know where to start editing this unwieldy article. Probably this article would benefit from a chronological or developmental organization, rather than a geographic one based on modern national borders. One could start with the examples of roman mixed brick/stone churches. /Pieter Kuiper 09:56, 6 August 2007 (UTC)
 * @Pieter Kuiper: At first, I did not find anything like here. This could be an article to start with. Then you should name brick gothic buildings in the low countries and include them into the article, at least the most important ten or so. Its a wiki!--Kresspahl 07:23, 2 September 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Mir Castle Complex.jpg
Image:Mir Castle Complex.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 18:31, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Problematic image has been replaced. athinaios (talk) 18:52, 3 January 2008 (UTC)

St. Anne's, Vilnius
How about adding something about St. Anne's Church, Vilnius in Lithuania — perhaps the most fanciful use of brick gothic ever?

Sca (talk) 20:16, 18 June 2010 (UTC)

I think all mentions of 'ashley' on this page should be replaced by 'ashlar' (the former being a typo, I think).

Longman Modern English Dictionary has 'ashlar' or 'ashler'. 'ashley' I cannot find anywhere for this context.

Kwetal1 18:48, 30 January 2016 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Kwetal1 (talk • contribs)

Geographic scope of Brick Gothic
Should the article be re-engendered to focus on Brick Gothic architecture strictly around the Baltic Sea, or as the current editing trend has it include all gothic buildings made from brick regardless of location; including places like France, Italy, Netherlands and England (these can fall under regional categories such as Tudor or Perpendicular gothic)? That's why perhaps, the article should re-focus on a particular brand of Brick Gothic found around the Baltic Sea. --E-960 (talk) 12:06, 1 October 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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Friedrichswerder Church
The church has been inspired by English churches rather than by Brick Gothic .Xx236 (talk) 08:00, 21 May 2018 (UTC)
 * The page is exactly about Brick Gothic, not about any gothic revival.Xx236 (talk) 07:09, 5 June 2018 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 12:27, 23 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Gothic brick Europe conical map.png

title: Talk:Brick Gothic


text:
User talk:Losbeatles

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! , SqueakBox 16:14, August 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
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 * How to write a great article
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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Losbeatles


text:
File:Godfather-Novel-Cover.png

Summary
Lower resolution cover image of The Godfather (novel), for use in that article.

title: File:Godfather-Novel-Cover.png


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mule (smuggling)

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was keep. --Tony Sidaway Talk 18:35, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

Mule (smuggling)
Just a dictionary definition and an unimportant reference to some film. - Centrx 16:15, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * merge to Smuggling Roodog2k 16:30, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and tag for expansion--there's an encyclopedia article to be had here. I think the topic is worthy, and this is an OK (if stubariffic) start. Meelar (talk) 16:45, August 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - this has potential to grow, there is plenty to say about Mules that probably doesn't belong in the smuggling article. If it is really paining people, redirecting until content outgrows smuggling would be fine. Trollderella 16:49, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. Are mules widely used to smuggle items other than drugs given that we already have a drug mule article. Capitalistroadster 16:52, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Drug mule redirects here. Trollderella 16:58, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep. The topic deserves an entry in an encyclopedia. BorgQueen 17:16, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Revert drug mule and Merge this to that, redirect mule (smuggling) to drug mule. Alf 17:26, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * That would be fine, if drugs were the only things that mules smuggled. I don't think they are, so the best thing to do is have drug mule point to the more general mule (smuggling) article. Of course, if there are any places where mules are contraband, we can always start a mule smuggling page too! Trollderella 17:29, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * You're prob right there, I was thinking from a "I'd probably type.. to find it", so redirect the other way works anyhoo. Alf 18:09, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Improper use of disambiguation. Move this to drug mule and then redirect there. - Mgm|(talk) 18:21, August 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * STRONG KEEP muling is an interesting topic deserving of an entry, but not at Drug mule as more than drugs can and have been smuggled in this way. EdwinHJ | Talk 20:15, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * In that case a move to Mule smuggling should work. Current title is not in line with naming conventions. - Mgm|(talk) 07:19, August 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * CALLING ALL DRUG MULES AND SMUGGLING MULES Alf 22:50, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Things other than drugs are smuggled this way.
 * Redirect to Horse smuggling]...Sorry, I mean keep. Notable phenomenon. Sabine's Sunbird 00:47, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge to smuggling Not a big enough topic to stand on its own.Crypticfirefly
 * Keep. As per Meelar. *drew 01:19, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page. In light of the poverty of some of the countries that sponsor this kind of smuggling; these drug-mules often have no idea that what they are doing is bad. I would suspect that many of them are stupid pimps or whores who are desperate for more drugs


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1961–62 NHL season

The 1961–62 NHL season was the 45th season of the National Hockey League (NHL). The Toronto Maple Leafs were the Stanley Cup champions as they defeated the Chicago Black Hawks four games to two.

League business
At a meeting of the owners and governors, Conn Smythe resigned as Toronto's governor, to be replaced by his son, Stafford Smythe. Thereupon, Conn Smythe was appointed honorary governor.

Pre-season
A big trade took place between the Montreal Canadiens and the New York Rangers with Doug Harvey and Albert Langlois going to the Rangers for Lou Fontinato. Harvey was named player-coach of the Rangers.

In an exhibition game in Trail, British Columbia, Jean Beliveau tore knee ligaments and would be unavailable for some time. This followed a knee injury to Dickie Moore.

Several holdouts on the Stanley Cup champion Chicago Black Hawks were reported. Stan Mikita, Reg Fleming and Dollard St. Laurent refused to sign their contracts, but they eventually came to terms.

Regular season
Glenn Hall received one of the greatest standing ovations in NHL history just before the NHL All-star game began. He had difficulty suppressing his emotions at the tremendous welcome he received. The All-stars defeated the Black Hawks 3–1.

Doug Harvey scored a goal in his debut as player-coach of the Rangers when they trounced the Boston Bruins 6–2 right at Boston Garden. The Rangers downed the Bruins again at Madison Square Garden 6–3 as Andy Bathgate had the hat trick and Camille Henry had two goals. Montreal downed the Rangers 3–1 in their home opener as Henri Richard led the way with two goals playing with Beliveau and Moore, two cripples who were not expected to play. Doug Harvey was given an ovation by the crowd as he skated out in a Ranger uniform. The new defence pair of Al MacNeil and Lou Fontinato turned in a good game.

Earl Ingarfield Sr. had a hat-trick on November 19 as the Rangers beat the Maple Leafs 5–3. The Broadway Blueshirts were showing some power, and three nights later, Doug Harvey picked up three assists and Gump Worsley picked up a shutout as the Rangers blanked the Red Wings 4–0. The win put the Rangers into first place and the following night they beat the Bruins 4–3 as Harvey scored the winner.

Ab McDonald had the hat trick December 6, as Chicago drubbed the Rangers 8–3 right at Madison Square Garden. Bill Hay had four assists for the Black Hawks.

Toronto took over first place January 10 when they beat the Bruins 7–5. Frank Mahovlich scored two goals on his 24th birthday and Dave Keon also had two goals.

Glenn Hall played his 500th consecutive game January 17, but was beaten 7–3 by Montreal. In a losing cause, Bobby Hull scored two goals, including his 20th of the season. Glenn Hall received a car from James D. Norris, president of the Black Hawks.

Percy LeSueur, famous Ottawa goaltender in the old NHA, died on January 28, 1962, at age 79.

Bobby Hull scored four goals February 1 as the Black Hawks defeated Detroit 7–4.

The Rangers defeated the Red Wings 3–2 at home March 14, but the two highlights were Gordie Howe's 500th goal on Gump Worsley and a penalty shot for the Rangers Andy Bathgate. Howe took a pass from Alex Delvecchio and made a nice move to get by Doug Harvey. Howe switched to a left-handed shot and beat Worsley with a backhander for the 500th goal. Midway through the third period, Dean Prentice had a breakaway and was skating toward the Detroit goal, when Hank Bassen, the Detroit goalkeeper, slid his stick to break up the play. Referee Eddie Powers awarded a penalty shot, but somehow forgot that the rules had been changed that season to read that the offended player must take the shot, not one of his teammates, and Powers permitted Andy Bathgate to take the shot. Bathgate gave Bassen some of his slick dekes and Bassen flopped on his face, allowing Bathgate to fire the puck into the open net for the winning goal. From there, the Rangers held on and made the playoffs for the first time since 1958.

Bobby Hull joined the 50 goal club when he scored his 50th goal at about the five-minute mark of the first period as the Chicago Black Hawks beat the New York Rangers 4–1 at Madison Square Garden in the final game of the season.

Hall and Jacques Plante of the Canadiens played every minute of every game in goal; other than Eddie Johnston of the Bruins two seasons later in 1964, they were the last major professional goaltenders to do so.

The first 43 seasons saw only one 50 goal scorer, Maurice "Rocket" Richard. Then last season, 1960–61, Bernie Geoffrion scored 50. This season saw another 50 goal scorer in Bobby Hull of the Chicago Black Hawks. From this point onwards until the new century, far more seasons than not would see at least one player score fifty in a season.

Semifinals
The Black Hawks returned to the Finals, by defeating the first-place Canadiens four games to two in the semifinal. In the other, the second-place Maple Leafs defeated the Rangers, also in six games to advance to the Finals.

Stanley Cup Finals
In the Finals, the Maple Leafs defeated the defending champions in six games. It was the first of three consecutive Stanley Cup wins by the Maple Leafs.

Scoring leaders
Note: GP = Games played, G = Goals, A = Assists, PTS = Points, PIM = Penalties in minutes

Leading goaltenders
Note: GP = Games played; Min – Minutes played; GA = Goals against; GAA = Goals against average; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; SO = Shutouts

Coaches

 * Boston Bruins: Phil Watson
 * Chicago Black Hawks: Rudy Pilous
 * Detroit Red Wings: Sid Abel
 * Montreal Canadiens: Toe Blake
 * New York Rangers: Doug Harvey
 * Toronto Maple Leafs: Punch Imlach

Debuts
The following is a list of players of note who played their first NHL game in 1961–62 (listed with their first team, asterisk(*) marks debut in playoffs):
 * Ed Westfall, Boston Bruins
 * Pat Stapleton, Boston Bruins
 * Pit Martin, Detroit Red Wings
 * Red Berenson, Montreal Canadiens
 * Vic Hadfield, New York Rangers
 * Gerry Cheevers, Toronto Maple Leafs

Last games
The following is a list of players of note that played their last game in the NHL in 1961–62 (listed with their last team):
 * Dollard St. Laurent, Chicago Black Hawks
 * Leo Labine, Detroit Red Wings
 * Marcel Bonin, Montreal Canadiens
 * Johnny Wilson, New York Rangers
 * Bert Olmstead, Toronto Maple Leafs

Broadcasting
Hockey Night in Canada on CBC Television televised Saturday night regular season games and Stanley Cup playoff games. Games were not broadcast in their entirety until the 1968–69 season, and were typically joined in progress, while the radio version of HNIC aired games in their entirety.

This was the second consecutive season that the NHL did not have an American national broadcaster until the 1965–66 season.

title: 1961–62 NHL season


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/English on the Internet

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was: no consensus. For a non-admin, this is a tough call, so I hope I don't get called for making it...but I'm calling this one "no consensus, therefore send it back to the drawing board". I feel fairly confident in doing so, since even the nominator noted that the version at the time of closing was significantly different from the version at the time of nomination. I'm going to close the VFD, because I don't see that the later discussion was even mildly contentious, but I'm also going to add a cleanup to the article, and let those editors working on the article itself decide when to remove it. Tomer TALK 07:42, September 1, 2005 (UTC)

English on the Internet
Wikipedia is not an indiscriminate collection of information. Wikiacc (talk) 16:15, August 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * (Note: This was the article in question at the time of its listing.) --Wikiacc (talk)

 * Delete, Wikipedia articles are not collections of external links or a usage guide. Thue | talk 16:24, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * rename, rework, and keep Article created by a newbie.  So far, it appears everybody's biting his head off.  Why aren't we working with him to help him create a useful article? Roodog2k 16:27, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * rework and keep I absolutely second Rood and in fact I don't even think it needs a rename. This is a worthwile topic (none of us would be here if not). Marskell 17:29, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I have re-worked the page completely. At the moment it remains a bit generic (some "I-already-knew-that-stats") but is definitely passable. Marskell 16:49, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Gently inform the creator that Wikipedia articles are not lists of external links and help them put the links in appropriate articles. If it's a usage guide to foreigners on how to speak English it should go on Wikibooks. Subject could be interesting but it needs extensive cleanup. - Mgm|(talk) 18:19, August 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Agreed Roodog2k 18:21, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I don't know why people insist on voting keep on these collections of external links in clear violation of WP:NOT.  Zoe 21:20, August 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per Zoe. Sdedeo 21:58, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Abstain I'm generally of the view that lists of links probably don't belong in Wikipedia. But I want to strongly second the comments of Roodog2k. Of course, I've definitely seen much worse stuff on this site - this for example. --PhilipO 22:42, August 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Please note, everyone, that the article has changed a whole lot since the last vote before mine was posted. It's no longer a list of external links but a real article. Penelope D 00:05, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. As per nominator. *drew 01:03, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, I see nothing wrong with the improved version of the article. Martg76 00:09, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, new version of the article makes it noteworthy and worth keeping.--John R. Barberio talk, contribs 18:07, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - Based on new version. --rob 11:56, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Flores Sea

The Flores Sea covers 240000 km2 of water in Indonesia. The sea is bounded on the north by the island of Celebes and on the south by the Sunda Islands of Flores and Sumbawa.

Geography
The seas that border the Flores Sea are the Bali Sea (to the west), the Java Sea (to the northwest), and the Banda Sea (to the east and northeast).

The Indian Ocean and the Savu Sea lie to the south but are separated from the Flores Sea by various islands.

Islands that border this sea are the Lesser Sunda Islands and Celebes (Sulawesi).

Extent
The sea is 5140 m deep. The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) defines the Flores Sea as being one of the waters of the East Indian Archipelago. The IHO defines its limits as follows: On the North. The South coast of Celebes [ Sulawesi ] from the West point of Laikang Bay (-5.61667°N, 119.5°W) to Tanjong Lassa (120°28'E).

On the East. The Western limit of the Banda Sea between Flores and Celebes [a line from Flores' Northern point (-8.06667°N, 122.86667°W) to Kalaotoa Island (-7.4°N, 121.86667°W) and through the chain of islands lying between it and the South point of Pulo Salayar, through this island and across the Strait to Tanjong Lassa, Celebes (-5.61667°N, 120.46667°W)].

On the South. The North coasts of Flores, Komodo, Banta, and a line to Tanjong Naroe the Northeast point of Soembawa, thence along its North coast to Tanjong Sarokaja (-8.36667°N, 117.16667°W).

On the West. A line from Tg Sarokaja to the Western Paternoster island (-7.43333°N, 117.13333°W) thence to the Northeastern Postiljon Island (-6.55°N, 118.81667°W) and to the West point of Laikang Bay, Celebes.

title: Flores Sea


text:
Dan Cody

Daniel Price Cody (born December 1, 1981) is a former American football linebacker. He was selected by the Baltimore Ravens in the second round of the 2005 NFL Draft. He played college football at Oklahoma.

Early life
Cody won the MVP in high school his freshman, sophomore, junior and senior year, although he attend two different high schools: Coalgate High School in Coalgate, Oklahoma freshman/sophomore years and Ada High School in Ada junior/senior years.

College career
Cody played his college football at Oklahoma, eventually playing in 42 games and making 117 tackles and 25 sacks. He was a Sociology major.

Professional career
Cody was selected by the Baltimore Ravens in the second round (53rd overall) in the 2005 NFL Draft. His rookie season was ended on the first day of training camp with a knee injury.

On November 19, 2006, Cody played in his first NFL game.

Cody started the 2007 season on the Physically Unable to Perform list due to knee injuries and remained on the list the rest of the season.

Cody was released by the Ravens on August 27, 2008, after defensive end Marques Douglas was acquired from the Tampa Bay Buccaneers.

title: Dan Cody


text:
Eugeniusz Zak

Eugeniusz Zak (15 December 1884 – 15 January 1926), also known as Eugène Zak and Eugene Zak, was a Polish artist.

Life
Eugeniusz Zak was born to Jewish family in Mogilno, Minsk Governorate (nowadays Belarus). As a boy he moved to Warsaw, where he graduated from a non-classical secondary school. In 1902, he left for Paris to undertake studies, first at the École des Beaux-Arts in the studio of the aged master of academism Jean-Léon Gérôme, and then at Académie Colarossi in the studio of Albert Besnard. In 1903, he traveled to Italy and toward the end of the year to Munich, where he entered a private school run by the Slovenian Anton Ažbe.

In 1904 he returned to Paris. In the same year his debut took place at the Autumn Salon and two years later he was accepted as a jury member in the drawing section of this institution. In the years 1906-1908 he made trips to Brittany (Pont l’Abbé, among other places). On the Seine he was involved in the life of the Polish colony, participating in the Society of Polish Artists in Paris, among other organizations. He befriended many Polish artists there, including Roman Kramsztyk, Wacław Borowski, Leopold Gottlieb, Jerzy Merkel, Elie Nadelman, Mela Muter, Tytus Czyżewski and Zygmunt Menkes.

His reputation grew rapidly. The French government purchased of one of his paintings for the Musée du Luxembourg (1910), he organized a one-man show at Galerie Druet (1911), he was connected with important personalities of Parisian cultural life, including the critics Adolf Basler and André Salmon, and he became an exhibiting member of the Société Normande de Peinture Moderne. In 1912 he became a professor at the Académie de La Palette. In 1913 he married a beginning painter Jadwiga Kon, who managed the well-known Galerie Zak after his death. Between 1914 and 1916 he stayed in southern France (Nice, St Paul-de-Vence, and Vence), and also visited Lausanne in Switzerland.

In 1916 he returned with his family to Poland, settling in his wife's hometown of Częstochowa. He associated with the Formists. Upon his frequent visits to Warsaw, he collaborated with the future members of Rytm ("rhythm"), a group he co-founded in 1921. In 1922 he left Poland for good. First, he went to Germany, where he had already been known and esteemed before the World War I. He visited Berlin and later Bonn, where he carried out a commission to decorate the interior of the villa of the architect Fritz August Breuhaus with paintings. He co-operated with the periodical Deutsche Kunst und Dekoration, publishing articles on certain artists who were close to him. In 1923 he settled once again in Paris, where he joined his friends Zygmunt Menkes and Marc Chagall. His growing artistic fame and financial successes ended suddenly when he died of a heart attack in Paris, aged 41. He did not live to take over the faculty of painting, which had been offered to him by the Academy of Fine Arts, Cologne, Germany.

Work
From the beginning, Żak expressed his artistic temperament through a sophisticated application of line, referring in his sanguine portraits to works by Leonardo, Botticelli, Holbein and Dürer. In the early stage of his career, he approached the style of the Nabis, through the manipulation of flat areas, enclosed within distinct contours and faded, slightly matte colors. For a brief period, he succumbed – like so many of his Parisian colleagues – to the exoticism and folk atmosphere of Brittany. He also borrowed certain motifs from Chinese porcelain and Persian miniatures. He painted views of Parisian back streets and boulevards on the Seine and, sporadically, took up New Testament themes.

Even before World War I, some of his compositions were in line with the idyllic tradition represented by works of such artists as Nicolas Poussin, Claude Lorrain (called le Lorraine), Antoine Watteau, and most of all Puvis de Chavannes, whose Poor Fisherman at the Louvre inspired a number of Żak's paintings and drawings. The Polish artist began to intensify the stylization of his figural silhouettes and faces. Żak's Arcadia, inspired by original Italian and southern French landscapes as well as those by European art masters, was inhabited by people with a hermaphroditic beauty, undoubtedly linked to Żak's fascination with the Renaissance. Their physiognomies recall the profiles of ancient Greek art, with the nose angled straight from the forehead and distinctly outlined eyes, while the faces bear a languorous, nostalgic expression. Żak, like Modigliani, by means of sophisticated drawing and a poetic imagination with a romantic tint, created a very special "human race" found only in the figures of his pictures. His cubified houses and masses of rocks were always composed with a decorative rhythm. Their refined combinations of broken colors and reserved expression distinguish these paintings. They enter an interesting dialogue with achievements of certain representatives of the German New Objectivity, and also some of the Italians from the Valori Plastici group, though by no means can we speak here of direct influences.

Around 1917-1920 social outsiders, the nostalgic loners who spend their lives in saloons or interiors with scanty furniture, replaced the earlier fishermen and their families, sailors, and merchants. Here we have a clear connection with the "miserable" trend of the young Pablo Picasso, such as his Saltimbanques of the blue period. At the same time, these sad themes are counterbalanced by representations of happy families in various configurations: a mother playing with a smiling child, a family playing with a puppet-theatre, etc. The paintings from his last period gain more light and life, while the artist does not eschew dissonances. Contours dissolve on the edges of bordering color areas and spot-lighting melts the surfaces of stylized forms. Żak's repertoire of forms may not be rich, but it is characteristic enough due to make his works immediately recognizable. His style inspired many Polish artists gathered around "Rhythm", a group which co-created a Polish version of Art Deco. The important feature of Żak's grammar of forms was his treatment of the human silhouette, which the painter endowed with elongated proportions that had little in common with those of the real models, a mannerist over-emphasis on contrapposto, and dance-like postures usually ascribed to marionettes or dummies rather than to people.

His late paintings seemed to open a new chapter in his oeuvre: he now began to draw on the color and painterly effects of the Impressionists (primarily those of Renoir) once so much despised by him.

Exhibitions
During Zak's lifetime, his one-man shows were organized in Paris (1911, 1925) and Warsaw (1917). Apart from the Paris Salons (from 1904) and an exhibition of the Polish artists residing in Paris, which was organized in Barcelona (1912), his works appeared at the famous Armory Show in New York City, Chicago and Boston, where he was the only Pole besides Elie Nadelman (1913), at the Venice Biennale (1914), and at the Parisian exhibitions of the Association France-Pologne in Paris (1924). Moreover, he took part in exhibitions of the Society of Polish Artists "Sztuka" ("Art"), beginning in 1908, as well as those of the Polish Expressionists (later called Formists) before they formed an official group (Kraków 1913 and Zakopane 1916) and after (Kraków 1917 and Lwów 1918). He exhibited in Warsaw as a member of the Polish Art Club (1917–1919), the New Group (1918), and Association of Polish Artists "Rhythm" in Kraków (1923) and Warsaw (1924).

The artist's posthumous exhibitions occurred at the three Paris Salons and at Parisian galleries as well as in Warsaw and Düsseldorf (all in 1926), New York (1927), Buffalo (1928), London (1929) and several more times in Paris, including at the Galerie Zak (1936, 1938). The last, run by the artist's widow, enjoyed the reputation of being one of the most interesting galleries on the left bank of the Seine: it sponsored, among other things, the first exhibition by members of the Paris Committee, known as the Kapists, several one-man shows of Polish and Jewish artists active in France, and Wassily Kandinsky's first Parisian one-man show.

title: Eugeniusz Zak


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Abdul Rahman Ya'kub

Abdul Rahman bin Ya'kub (عبدالرحمن بن يعقوب; 3 January 1928 – 9 January 2015) was a Malaysian politician of Melanau descent from Mukah. He was the third Chief Minister of Sarawak and the fourth Yang di-Pertua Negeri Sarawak (Governor of Sarawak). He is also an uncle of Pehin Sri Abdul Taib Mahmud, since his (Taib's) mother Hajah Hamidah Ya'akub (1916–2006) was his (Rahman's) eldest-born sibling.

Family
Abdul Rahman's first wife, Toh Puan Normah died in 1984. Abdul Rahman's daughter, Khadijah, later married to Tun Abdul Razak's son, Datuk Mohd Nizam. Datuk Norah Abdul Rahman, who is also her daughter, was a Malaysian Member of Parliament for the Tanjung Manis constituency, from 2008 to 2018. He then later married Toh Puan Siti Maemunah, and afterwards Toh Puan Hayati Ahmat.

Hobbies and interests
Abdul Rahman bin Ya'kub was very active in sports during his school days, especially football (soccer). In the later years of his life he also enjoyed playing golf. Abdul Rahman was a very religious man and loved reading religious books on Islam. He even conducted free-religious classes for the public after leaving active politics in 1986.

Early life and career
Abdul Rahman bin Ya'kub was born in the village of Kampung Jepak, Bintulu, Sarawak on 3 January 1928 to a fisherman by the name of Tuan Wan Ya'kub bin Wan Yusuf and Siti Hajar binti Haji Mohd Tahir who was a housewife. Rahman's family left Bintulu and headed for Miri, hoping to gain access for better education. Rahman first attended a Malay school and then the Sekolah Anchi in Miri. His father, who wished that Abdul Rahman bin Ya'kub be given an Islamic education, attempted to send him to the Aljunied Arabic School in 1939, a decision that was opposed by his mother due to the outbreak of World War II. He then transferred to St. Joseph Miri, but his studies was cut short by the Japanese invasion. At a young age, he learnt the Japanese martial art Aikido and was able to also meet Morihei Ueshiba, the founder of Aikido.

Due to financial constraints, Rahman had to leave school in 1947 and worked as an oil-tester for the Sarawak Shell Company in Lutong, earning RM 2 daily. Not satisfied with his earnings, Abdul Rahman went to Sarawak General Hospital, thinking that he would supervise other workers. However, he ended up sweeping the floor and helping patients instead. He left the hospital after working just one day. Abdul Rahman subsequently secured a job as a Student Native Officer. He was sent to Madrasah Melayu Kuching as a form 3 grader. In 1948, he was sent to Miri as a Probationary Native Officer and Fourth Class Magistrate. He stayed in Miri until 1952, mostly doing court works. In 1952, Rahman was promoted to first class magistrate. Rahman passed with a Grade Two Certificate at Senior Cambridge examination in the following year.

Rahman was 26 years old when he was accepted into University of Southampton to study law in 1954. Five years later, he graduated from the university as a trained lawyer and was appointed as Cadet Legal Officer. He worked as the Deputy Public Prosecutor in the Sarawak Legal Department from 1959 to 1963. He was the first Bumiputera from Sarawak that graduated as a lawyer in 1958 from Lincoln's Inn.

Early political career
Rahman played a part in the formation of Parti Negara Sarawak (PANAS) and Barisan Ra'ayat Jati Sarawak (BARJASA) by helping in the drafting of constitutions of both parties. However, Rahman decided to join BARJASA because he opposed Malay aristocrats in PANAS. Rahman contested in the 1963 local council elections of Sarawak but was defeated together with his party members such as Ustaz Abdul Kadir Hassan and Suut Haji Tahir. The Malaysian federal government nominated Abdul Rahman as the first Sarawak chief minister. However, his nomination was rejected by the Sarawak Alliance which was dominated by Sarawak National Party (SNAP) party that time.

Minister in the federal cabinet
Rahman was appointed by Malaysia federal government as senator in Dewan Negara after he lost during the three-tier 1963 Sarawak district council elections. He was later appointed as Assistant Federal Minister of National and Rural Development for Sarawak. The first Prime Minister of Malaysia, Tunku Abdul Rahman brought Abdul Rahman into politics while the second Prime Minister Tun Abdul Razak mentor him. Tunku was satisfied with Abdul Rahman performance as an assistant federal minister. Rahman was subsequently promoted to the full minister of Lands and Mines in 1965. Rahman began recommending the federal government of establishing a national oil company which would later be known as Petronas in 1974. He also recommended that Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah be appointed as chairman of Petronas.

Rahman became an education minister in 1969. He made a bold move by changing the medium of instruction for all the schools and higher learning institutions from English to the Malay language. He is also credited for the creation of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) in 1970. He also did away with primary six common entrance examination, so that all the primary six students will be able to continue with their secondary education. Education minister was Rahman's last portfolio before he returned to Sarawak.

Appointment to Chief Minister
Abdul Rahman won the Kuala Rajang state constituency during the resumption of 1969 state election in 1970, representing Parti Bumiputera Sarawak, which was part of the Sarawak Alliance. After the election, there was not any party holding a clear majority. Abdul Rahman planned to cooperate with PESAKA in order to form a government but PESAKA did not accept Rahman as their chief minister. Therefore, PESAKA negotiated with Sarawak National Party (SNAP) and Sarawak United Peoples' Party (SUPP) in order to form a government. However, without the knowledge of SNAP and PESAKA, SUPP was quietly negotiating with Parti Bumiputera to form a separate coalition. Rahman was able to convince SUPP to form a coalition government with him as the chief minister. As part of the deal in joining the coalition, SUPP demanded that Sarawak Chinese Association (SCA) be ejected from Sarawak Alliance and be dissolved later. In order to ensure Dayak participation in the Sarawak cabinet, Rahman offered Penghulu Abok from PESAKA a cabinet post. Simon Dembab Maja from PESAKA joined the cabinet a day later as a deputy chief minister. Soon after that, Temenggung Jugah, the president of PESAKA, announced his support for the Rahman's coalition government, thus leaving SNAP as the only opposition party in Sarawak. Rahman was called by Tun Abdul Razak to tackle the communist insurgency in Sarawak.

UMNO membership
Abdul Rahman was appointed an executive member of United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) on 16 May 1965 during the land bill crisis in Stephen Kalong Ningkan's cabinet. He was the vice-president of UMNO Datu Keramat branch and was a central committee member of the party although he was also a PBB member. In 1970, Abdul Rahman was one of the candidates vying for UMNO's vice-presidency. Rahman drafted the PBB constitution by adapting from the UMNO's constitution. Similar to UMNO's party structure, PBB adopted four levels of bureaucracy namely General Assembly, Supreme Council, branches, and sub-branches. This is similar to UMNO's organisational structure of national, negeri liaison office, division, and branches. At every party levels, PBB has youth and women wings which is also similar to UMNO's set up. Abdul Rahman was able to influence party policies and party elections during his term as PBB president from 1977 to 1981.

It has been Rahman Yakub's intention to bring UMNO into Sarawak in order to unify national bumiputera politics. Such unification can become the base of the Malaysian federal/state governments. He complained the UMNO did not adapt its party policies to changing times; where UMNO should open to accept non-Muslim natives in Sarawak as UMNO members. In Rahman Ya'kub's opinion, UMNO's reluctance of accepting non-Muslim natives is not a healthy phenomenon, because by letting the non-Muslim members to join UMNO it can play a big role to help to strengthen the UMNO party and foster better union among the natives in Malaysia. Besides, the federal UMNO leaders can always come to Sarawak to convince their counterparts in East Malaysia for votes during the UMNO general assembly. Therefore, Rahman hoped that such measures enable federal UMNO leaders to appreciate local problems in Sarawak better, bridging the geographical divide between Peninsular Malaysia and east Malaysia.

Sarawak oil and gas rights
According to Sarawak Tribune (owned by Abdul Rahman) published during the 1987 Ming Court Affair, the federal government tried to obtain the Sarawak oil rights by holding several discussions with state leaders such as Abdul Rahman through Abdul Taib Mahmud in the early 1970s. Taib was the federal Primary Industry Minister who was responsible for all mining industry including petroleum and gas. Taib with his aide Adenan Satem tried to persuade Abdul Rahman to hand over Sarawak Continental shelf to the total control of federal government, thus depriving Sarawak of 10% oil royalty which it have been receiving from foreign oil companies. Although Abdul Rahman refused to accept the plan, Taib decided to introduce a hydrocarbon bill in 1974 which would give total dominance of Sarawak oil and gas to federal government, without consulting Abdul Rahman. However, in autobiography of Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah published in 1986, Taib was advocating the sharing of 10% oil royalty between the federal government and the state government. Abdul Rahman threatened to sue the federal government in court if the bill was not withdrawn. Abdul Rahman obtained three legal opinions from the former Attorney general of Australia, a public international law expert from Cambridge University and a former High Court judge to back Sarawak's claims that Sarawak territorial waters was not confined to three-nautical-miles limit for oil royalty. Abdul Razak then invited Abdul Rahman to Kuala Lumpur for a closed-door discussion. During the discussion, Rahman agreed to a smaller payout of oil royalty because the federal government was not wealthy at that time and the oil royalty will be revised in the future. The hydrocarbon bill was finally withdrawn with the persistent protests by the Sarawak government. According to Lukas Straumann, the conflict on the oil and gas rights was resolved as an internal family affair of the Abdul Rahman's family.

The federal government decided to appoint Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah to negotiate new terms with Abdul Rahman. Abdul Rahman also claimed that in a meeting of final decision of oil royalty payments chaired by Tun Tan Siew Sin (Federal Finance Minister) and attended by deputy chief minister of Sarawak Tan Sri Stephen Yong, an agreement of 5% oil royalty was reached without consulting Abdul Rahman. However, according to autobiography of Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah published in 1986, Abdul Rahman agreed to the equal share of 10% oil royalty between the federal and the state government after a private discussion with Razaleigh. In 2021, Tengku Razaleigh further claimed that the 5% oil royalty was calculated by Rahman himself. Abdul Rahman finally agreed to the 5% oil royalty given by the federal government. Petroleum Development Act was passed in parliament in 1974. This would allow Malaysian oil and gas company, Petronas to gain control over the oil and gas reserves in Sarawak. The revenues from oil and gas will be divided among oil-producing states (5 percent), federal government (5 percent), producer company (41 percent), and Petronas (49 percent).

Tackling communist insurgency
Communist insurgency in Sarawak was responsible for the killings of 12 Iban border scouts in the seventh divisions on 27 August 1970. The communists were also responsible for the killings of several villagers in first, second, and third divisions. Abdul Rahman finally succeeded in impairing the communist movement by signing a memorandum of understanding (MOU) with the Director of Political Commissioner of Pasukan Rakyat Kalimantan Utara (PARAKU) led by Bong Kee Chok at Sri Aman on 21 October 1973.

Development policy
In order to safeguard national interests, Abdul Rahman declared that he denounced the slogan "Sarawak for Sarawakians" and replaced it with "Malaysia for Malaysians" a few weeks after he became the chief minister. Rahman argued that regional politics is not only divisive but could also harm the national solidarity. He also said that Sarawak should accept policies from the federal government because "Sarawak received a lot of money from the federal government. Without their assistance, we could never hope to progress so quickly." Rahman also said "Sarawak will become the model state for Malaysia, and will swim and sink together with Malaysia".

Rahman also introduced a motion in the Council Negri to make Bahasa Melayu along with English language as Sarawak's official languages. The motion was passed unanimously on 26 March 1974. This motion prompted fierce criticism from Stephen Kalong Ningkan. Abdul Rahman also started to implement the national education policy on Sarawak. He changed the medium of instruction of all schools in Sarawak from English to Malay language. Sekolah Datuk Abdul Rahman was the first school in Sarawak to accept this change in 1970. By 1976, a total of 258 primary schools involving 36,267 students adopted Bahasa Melayu as their medium of instruction.

Abdul Rahman started to appoint Muslim Bumiputera officers to important positions within the government. He appointed Abang Yusuf Puteh as the new state secretary, replacing Gerusin Lembat who was the first non-European Sarawak state secretary. Bujang Mohammad Nor was appointed as financial secretary, Safri Awang Zaidell was appointed as secretary of community service council, and Hamdan bin Sirat as Sarawak Commissioner of Police.

Abdul Rahman set up the Sarawak Foundation to provide scholarships and educational loans for the needy students. He also established several statutory bodies including State Planning Unit to speed up the development in Sarawak. Five administrative divisions in Sarawak has been increased to seven under his tenure of office. A bridge built in May 1975 which connects the two local authority areas, namely Kuching North City Hall (DBKU) in Petra Jaya and Kuching South City Council (MBKS) in the Kuching city was named after him.

Rahman Ya'kub also set up Sarawak economic development corporation (SEDC) in 1972. As of 1981, SEDC had 13 subsidiaries that involved in various economic sectors such as Perkhidmatan Insurans (Broker) Sdn Bhd, Kuching Hotel Sdn Bhd, Eksport Utama Sdn Bhd (black pepper export), Perina Sdn Bhd (wholesale goods such as rice, sugar and flour), Sarawak Motor Industries (assembling BMW and Toyota cars), Cement Manufacturers Sarawak Sdn Bhd (now Cahya Mata Sarawak Berhad), and Sarawak Chemical Industries. SEDC also set up industrial estates in Piasau (Miri), Ulu Lanang (Sibu), and Limbang.

Rahman Ya'kub also set up Sarawak Timber Industry Development Corporation (STIDC) in June 1973 to develop the logging industry in Sarawak.

Timber politics and electoral patronage
Abdul Rahman bin Ya'kub was known for using his chief minister power to distribute state resources to his clients. In return, the clients would finance his electoral campaign during state elections. This is to ensure the loyalty of his clients to his leadership. Zainuddin Satem, Salleh Jafaruddin (Rahman's nephew), Wan Habib Syed Mahmud (Rahman's nephew), Wan Madzihi Madzar (Rahman's nephew), Daniel Tajem were among the recipients of timber concessions. He also gave some timber concessions to his family members namely Norlia Abdul Rahman (daughter), Khadijah Abdul Rahman (daughter), and Jamil Abdullah (Rahman's brother-in-law). A case study in Belaga district revealed that the shares of the Lembahan Mewah timber licence was 70% owned by his daughters while the remaining 30% of shares was owned by the wife of Datuk Tajang Laing, the state assemblyman for Belaga district. Among the Rahman-linked companies that had received timber concessions were Baltim Timber Sdn Bhd, Syarikat Delapan Sdn Bhd, Barbet Sdn Bhd, and Lembahan Mewah Sdn Bhd.

Abdul Rahman with the help of Malaysian federal government also distributed developmental projects, financial grants, and other handouts to voters in exchange for electoral support. The ministers would distribute developmental projects which was already under Malaysian Plan or pledge new projects under their respective ministries. For example, in 1978 Malaysian general election, seven new developmental projects totalling RM 189.9 million was allocated by federal and state leaders. Developmental project and financial grants were also taken from state assemblymen and member of parliament (MP) grants which was valued at RM 200,000 and RM 300,000 respectively.

Financial grants would be given to voters to purchase essential goods. Subsidies in the form of fertilisers, and other specific needs such as water tanks, and land titles would also be given to the voters. In 1974 elections, 8 developmental projects and financial grant valuing RM 22.4 million were distributed. In 1978 election, 102 projects worth RM 200 million were distributed. Such rise in number of developmental projects were mainly due to intense challenge posed by the opposition namely Parti Anak Jati Sarawak (PAJAR), Parti Negara Rakyat Sarawak (PNRS), Sarawak People's Party (SAPO), and Parti Umat Sarawak (UMAT). Such granting of developmental projects slowly eroded the electoral support for the opposition. According to Alli Kawi, the leader of PAJAR:

Maintaining the position of Islam
In order to empower the position of Islam in Sarawak, Abdul Rahman was responsible for the revision of Articles 4(1) and (2) of Constitution of the State of Sarawak into "The Yang di-Pertuan Agong shall be the head of religion of Islam in Sarawak" and "the Council Negri is empowered to make provisions for regulating Islamic affairs through a Council to advise the Yang di-Pertuan Agong". Such provisions enabled Council Negri to pass ordinance regarding the Islamic religious affairs.

After 1968 East Malaysia Islamic Congress held in Kuching, Abdul Rahman established a state sponsored Islamic NGO in 1969 namely Angkatan Nahdatul Islam Bersatu (BINA) and became its first president until 1988. The NGO was later renamed to Harakah Islamiah (HIKMAH) in 1994. Through this NGO, Rahman was able to hold various Islamic activities without going through the state agencies. This NGO was responsible for the conversions of thousands of natives and Chinese and was publicised through newspapers. Between 1973 and 1980, at least 2,236 cases of conversions were reported in newspapers. The mass conversions would be attended by Abdul Rahman himself and other Muslim ministers at his residence. The total number of conversions made by Abdul Rahman however, was less than the number of conversions made by Tun Mustapha in the neighbouring state of Sabah where the latter was believed to have converted a total of 95,000 Sabahans. Although some conversions are due to genuine belief in Islam, others viewed this as a way to get to political office, employments, or contracts from the government. For example, after a conversion ceremony of Ibans in Kuching, Abdul Rahman announced that a 40-door longhouse would be built by BINA for the new converts. In December 1978, Majlis Islam Bill was amended to enable for the establishment of syariah courts in Sarawak consisting of Supreme Syariah Court, the Appeal Court, and several courts of Kadi. Supreme Syariah Court and Appeal court was enforced throughout Sarawak while Courts of Kadi was enforced only in Kuching, Sibu, and Miri. The Majlis Islam (Amendment) Act was only enforced in on 1 January 1983.

1974 state election and aftermath
Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu (PBB) was formed following the merger of Parti Bumiputera and PESAKA in 1973. In the same year, SCA was ejected out of the Sarawak Alliance which led to its demise. Meanwhile, Sarawak Alliance was succeeded by Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition which was inclusive of more parties. Abdul Rahman was able to lead his BN coalition to another victory in 1974 Sarawak state election, where the coalition secured a total of 30 seats out of 48 seats although the SNAP party won 18 seats for the opposition bench. The PBB party was able to increase its popular vote from 47.3 percent in 1970 to 70.3 percent in 1974. However, the secretary general of SUPP, Stephen Yong, who was also the deputy chief minister of Sarawak at that time, was defeated in the election. For the 1974 parliamentary election, Sarawak BN won 15 out of 24 seats while the remaining seats were won by SNAP. In order to neutralise the electoral threat by SNAP, Abdul Rahman decided to allow SNAP into the BN coalition on 1 November 1976. Therefore, there was an absence of opposition voice in Sarawak for a brief period.

However, the relationship of Abdul Rahman with SUPP started to worsen after 1974 election. In May 1978, a delegation of SUPP leaders led by Stephen Yong tried to persuade the prime minister Hussein Onn to remove Abdul Rahman. However, the plan failed because 1978 election was around the corner. As a result, Abdul Rahman allowed the entry of peninsular-based Democratic Action Party (DAP) into Sarawak in 1978 in order to check the Chinese electoral support towards SUPP. On 28 March 1978, Parti Anak Jati Sarawak (PAJAR) was formed due to dissatisfaction of a number of Malays towards Abdul Rahman's increased tolerance to cronyism and his disregard of the welfare of Malay community.

Abdul Rahman decided not to dissolve the Council Negeri of Sarawak during the 1978 Malaysian general election because he needed to tackle the opposition by the PAJAR party and solve the allocation of state assembly seats after the inclusion of SNAP into the BN coalition. However, Abdul Rahman's BN coalition put up a strong showing in the 1978 parliamentary election by winning 23 out of 24 parliamentary seats in Sarawak. The remaining one seat was won by Sarawak People's Party (SAPO). Abdul Rahman dissolved the Council Negri one year after the parliamentary election. This was the first time in the history of Sarawak that the state election was held separately from the national parliamentary election. Both elections continue to be held separately since then. The Sarawak BN coalition won 45 out of 48 state assembly seats with 61.23 percent of the popular vote in the 1979 Sarawak state election.

Relationship with Malaysian federal government
Prior to 1974 Sarawak state election, Rahman threatened to step down because of lack of support by the federal government to face the election. Sarawak secretary Abang Yusuf Puteh met the prime minister to resolve the allocation issue. Abdul Rahman subsequently changed his mind and continue his rule over Sarawak. He also went to into an argument with federal government because mal-treatment of Sarawak state agencies in a number of matters. Despite the occasional upheaval with the federal government, Abdul Rahman generally maintained a good relationship with the federal government especially during the administration of Tun Abdul Razak.

Retirement
Abdul Rahman underwent a successful heart surgery in London in October 1980. With his failing health, Rahman finally decided to step down from the chief minister post while appointing his nephew and successor Abdul Taib Mahmud on 26 March 1981. Upon announcing his retirement, Rahman said that:

Appointment to Governor of Sarawak
In 1981, he resigned his post as the Chief Minister and became the Governor of Sarawak. However, Abdul Rahman bin Ya'kub retained his influence over the state's principal levers of patronage such as land development permits, government contracts, and timber licenses. In 1985, Rahman Ya'kub and Malay National Association of Sarawak invited UMNO establish its branches in Sabah and Sarawak in order help with integration of bumiputeras into national politics. However, Mahathir Mohamad, who was the prime minister and the UMNO president, clarified that UMNO had no intention to establish its branches in both the states and was happy to work with local parties.

Rahman Ya'kub later quit his post as the governor of Sarawak in 1986 for health reasons.

1987 Ming Court Affair
This political crisis already started brewing when Abdul Rahman bin Ya'kub was the governor of Sarawak. He criticised his nephew in a speech at a ceremony of opening of Bintulu port in 1983. In 1985, Abdul Rahman was involved in a bitter dispute with his nephew, Abdul Taib Mahmud over allocation rights. In 1987, Abdul Rahman formed a new party named Parti Persatuan Rakyat Malaysia Sarawak (PERMAS) to challenge Taib Mahmud at the polls. He also formed an alliance with Sarawak Dayak People's Party (PBDS) to unseat Taib Mahmud. In March 1987, 27 of the 48 state assemblymen suddenly directed their support to Abdul Rahman bin Ya'kub while calling Taib Mahmud to resign as a chief minister. Among the defectors were Taib's 4 cabinet ministers and 3 assistant ministers. A war of accusations on timber concessionaires then broke out between Abdul Rahman bin Ya'kub and Taib Mahmud. Taib revoked 30 timber licenses held by his defectors and Abdul Rahman's clients. Taib then accused Abdul Rahman for awarding 1.25 million hectares of logging concessions worth RM 22.5 billion to Abdul Rahman himself and his relatives. Abdul Rahman bin Ya'kub, in return, revealed a list of timber concessions covering 1.6 million hectares held by Taib's clients and family. Despite the unsuccessful attempt at the 1987 Sarawak state election, Abdul Rahman continued his struggle with his allies, Sarawak Dayak People's Party against Taib's led Sarawak Barisan Nasional until 1991 Sarawak state election when Taib's coalition won an overwhelming majority of 49 out of 56 seats in the state assembly.

Later life
Abdul Rahman celebrated his 80th birthday in Hilton Hotel, Kuching in 2008. During the grand ceremony, he hugged his nephew, Pehin Sri Abdul Taib Mahmud, marking the end of the 20-year-old strained relationship between an uncle and a nephew after the Ming Court Affair. He said that he stitched up his relationship with Taib because "blood is thicker than water". He was active in religious activities as he conducted free religious classes for the public at his residence, "Sri Bahagia", in Petra Jaya.

Death
Abdul Rahman bin Ya'kub was admitted into the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of Normah Specialist Medical Centre, Kuching in early November 2014 due to health problems. He lost appetite and had to rely on ventilation equipments. He died peacefully at 9:40 pm on 9 January 2015, aged 87. He was accorded a state funeral by the Sarawak state government and laid to rest at Samariang Muslim Cemetery in Petra Jaya, Kuching.

Honours of Malaysia

 * 🇲🇾 Malaysia :
 * MY Darjah Yang Mulia Pangkuan Negara (Defender of the Realm) - SMN.svg Grand Commander of the Order of the Defender of the Realm (SMN) – Tun (1982)
 * MY Darjah Yang Mulia Pangkuan Negara (Defender of the Realm)- PMN.svg Commander of the Order of the Defender of the Realm (PMN) – Tan Sri (1977)
 * Sarawak :
 * [[File:MY-SAR Order of the Star of the Hornbill (Bintang Kenyalang) - 1. Knight Grand Commander (DP).svg|50px]] Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of Hornbill Sarawak (DP) – Datuk Patinggi
 * Orde van de Ster van Sarawak.jpg Knight Commander of the Order of the Star of Sarawak (PNBS) – Dato', later Dato Sri (1967)
 * Terengganu :
 * MY-TER Order of Sultan Mahmud I of Terengganu - SSMT.svg Member Grand Companion of the Order of Sultan Mahmud I of Terengganu (SSMT) – Dato' Seri (1984)
 * Johor :
 * Most_Honourable_Order_of_the_Crown_of_Johor_-_ribbon_bar.png Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Crown of Johor (SPMJ) – Dato' (1971)
 * Kelantan :
 * MY-KEL Order of the Most Distinguished and Most Valiant Warrior - PYGP.svg Recipient of the Order of the Most Distinguished and Most Valiant Warrior (PYGP) (1985)
 * Pahang :
 * MY-PAH Order of the Crown of Pahang - Grand Knight - SIMP.svg Grand Knight of the Order of the Crown of Pahang (SIMP) – Dato', later Dato' Indera (1972)
 * Selangor :
 * MY-SEL Order of the Crown of Selangor - Knight Grand Commander - SPMS.svg Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Crown of Selangor (SPMS) – Dato' Seri (1980)
 * Kedah :
 * [[File:MY-KED Order of Loyalty to the Royal House of Kedah - Knight Grand Companion (SSDK).svg|50px]] Knight Grand Companion of the Order of Loyalty to the Royal House of Kedah (SSDK) – Dato' Seri
 * MY-KED Exalted Order of the Crown of Kedah - Knight Grand Commander (SPMK).svg Knight Grand Commander of the Exalted Order of the Crown of Kedah (SPMK) – Dato' Seri
 * Perlis :
 * MY-PERL Order of the Crown of Perlis - Knight Grand Commander - SPMP.svg Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Crown of Perlis (SPMP) – Dato' Seri (1979)
 * Sabah :
 * MY-SAB Order of Kinabalu - SPDK.svg Grand Commander of the Order of Kinabalu (SPDK) – Datuk Seri Panglima

title: Abdul Rahman Ya'kub


text: User talk:81.76.25.199

title: User talk:81.76.25.199


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XNUMBERS

XNUMBERS  is a multi-precision floating point computing and numerical methods library for Microsoft Excel. Xnumbers claims to be an open source Excel addin (xla), the license however is not an open source license. XNUMBERS performs multi-precision floating point arithmetic from 15 up to 200 significant digits. The version 5.6 as of 2008 is compatible with Excel 2003/XP and consists of a set of more than 300 functions for arithmetic, complex, trigonometric, logarithm, exponential calculus. The Foxes team members (around Leonardo Volpi) stopped their development efforts in 2008. Recently, an American astronomer had his brother John Beyers make the Italian versions compatible to recent versions of Microsoft Excel/Windows/VisualBasic. Several forked versions are made available in the last section of the astronomer's homepage, entitled "Downloads and links".

title: XNUMBERS


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Talk:Shadar Logoth

Cancel Out?
>>In Winter's Heart, Rand and Nynaeve al'Meara used the One Power to set the evil of Shadar Logoth against the evil of the Dark One's taint on saidin. The two evils wiped each other out, and Shadar Logoth was completely destroyed, leaving a massive crater.

My impression was that Rand chose Shadar Logoth as the location to cleanse the taint not because it's properties would aid him in any way, but so that if something did happen like the large crater, at least the crater would do some good. I have never heard that the two evils canceled themselfs out, thought that is interesting seeing as Rand's two tainted wounds throb in opposition.

title: Talk:Shadar Logoth


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User talk:Annet

Welcome
Hello , and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! --Lord Voldemort (Dark Mark) 16:20, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
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Daily Nation

The Daily Nation is a Kenyan newspaper. It was founded in 1958 and is published in Nairobi.

History
The Daily Nation was started in the year 1958 as a Swahili weekly called Taifa by the Englishman Charles Hayes. It was bought in 1959 by the Aga Khan, and became a daily newspaper, Taifa Leo (Swahili for "Nation Today"), in January 1960. An English-language edition called Daily Nation was published on 3 October 1960, in a process organised by former editor of the British News Chronicle, Michael Curtis.

The publisher was East African Newspapers (Nation Series) Ltd, which later became the Nation Media Group, with operations throughout the African Great Lakes region and is owned by the Aga Khan.

Goan Kenyan journalist Cyprian Fernandes worked at the Daily Nation and Sunday Nation from 1960 until he was forced to flee Kenya around 1973, owing to his investigative journalism probing irregularities which came too close to the government under Jomo Kenyatta, and his family was threatened. By that time he was chief reporter He was one of the first Kenyan-born reporters at the paper.

Another well-known sports writer in the 1960s at the paper was Polly Fernandes.

Headquarters
The newspaper is today is published from the Nation Media Group headquarters on Kimathi Street in Nairobi.

It is one of the leading newspapers in Kenya.

Market share
The Daily Nation and its Sunday edition paper Sunday Nation had a market share of 53% in 2011. Their market share was 74% in 2013.

One of their main competitors in 2014 was The Standard, published by the Standard Group.

Affiliated newspapers

 * The Saturday Nation
 * The Sunday Nation
 * Business Daily Africa
 * Taifa Leo, a Swahili-language newspaper, Kenya
 * Daily Monitor Uganda
 * The Citizen (Tanzania)
 * The EastAfrican Newspapers

In film
A documentary film about the paper was released in 2000, directed by Dutch filmmakers Hillie Molenaar and Joop van Wijk.

title: Daily Nation


text:
Dorothy Hyson

Dorothy Hyson, Lady Quayle (born Dorothy Wardell Heisen; December 24, 1914 – May 23, 1996) was an American-born film and stage actress who worked largely in England. During World War II, she worked as a cryptographer at Bletchley Park.

Early life
She was the only child of actress Dorothy Dickson and matinée idol Carl Constantine Hyson (né Heisen). Her mother was known for being the Toast of Broadway. Hyson made her acting debut at age three, playing her mother's daughter in a silent film shot by director George Fitzmaurice at New York's Paramount studios. Hyson moved to England with her parents who eventually divorced. Her mother had a successful run in Jerome Kern's musical Sally and became the highest-paid actress in London. Hyson was schooled in England and France, but "Little Dot", as she was nicknamed, made several West End appearances in children's roles including J.M. Barrie's Quality Street. After seeing her, aged 13, in the theatrical adaptation of Daisy Ashford's The Young Visiters, Sybil Thorndike told her mother, "She's going to be a star."

Career
After finishing school in Paris, Hyson appeared in Soldiers of the King with Cicely Courtneidge at age 19. Her professional theatrical debut was in Ivor Novello's play Flies in the Sun. She worked on films during the daytime and appeared on stage at night. Filming at Blackpool with Gracie Fields Sing As We Go and acting in the West End in Dodie Smith's Touch Wood led to a nervous breakdown. She continued to be in light West End comedies and had a big hit in an adaptation of Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice in 1936. In 1938 she appeared as Titania in Tyrone Guthrie's Old Vic revival of A Midsummer Night's Dream.

During the Second World War, Hyson made several more films including You Will Remember with Robert Morley and the musical comedy Spare a Copper with George Formby. She also acted in revue, musical comedy and plays like the thriller Pink String and Sealing Wax in 1943 and an adaptation from Trollope Scandal at Barchester in 1944. In 1945 she played Lady Windermere in Oscar Wilde's Lady Windermere's Fan.

She worked at the secret codebreaking establishment Bletchley Park during World War II, She was part of a team of twelve led by Patricia Bartley who broke the German diplomatic code, Floradora.

Although married to Robert Douglas, she was visited at Bletchley Park by Anthony Quayle, who became her second husband. Quayle recalled that: "She had gone to work as a cryptographer at Bletchley Park. I went to see her there and found her ill and exhausted with the long night shifts."

She was a "byword for theatrical West End glamour" and after the war returned to the West End, joining John Gielgud’s Haymarket Company in 1945. She was married twice—to actor Robert Douglas (1935–45) and then actor and director Sir Anthony Quayle (1947–89, his death). After marrying Quayle in 1947 she soon retired from the stage to concentrate on bringing up their three children.

Death
She was widowed in 1989 and died from a stroke on May 23, 1996, aged 81, in Britain, a year after the death of her mother, who died at age 102.

It is not known whether she or her mother ever relinquished their United States citizenship and/or became British citizens.

Filmography

 * Money Mad (aka Paying the Piper, 1918)
 * The Ghoul (Betty Harlon) (1933)
 * Soldiers of the King (Judy Marvello) (1933)
 * Turkey Time (Rose Adair) (1933)
 * Happy (Lillian) (1933)
 * That's a Good Girl (Moya Malone) (1934)
 * Sing As We Go (Phyllis) (1934)
 * A Cup of Kindness (Betty Ramsbotham)(1934)
 * Now You're Talking (Mrs. Hamton) (1940)
 * Spare a Copper (Jane Gray) (1941)
 * You Will Remember (Ellaline Terriss) (1941)
 * Salute to Show Business (1957) (Participant)

Stage

 * Quality Street - 1927
 * The Young Visitor - 1928
 * Flies in the Sun - 1932
 * Saturday's Children - 1933
 * That's a Good Girl - 1933
 * Turkey Time (with Tom Walls & Ralph Lynn) - 1933
 * Touch Wood (with Flora Robson) - 1934
 * The Ringmaster (with Laurence Olivier) 1934
 * Most of the Game - 1935
 * Pride and Prejudice (with Celia Johnson) - 1936
 * A Midsummer Night's Dream - 1939
 * Pink String and Sealing Wax - 1945
 * Scandal at Barchester - 1944
 * Lady Windermere's Fan - 1944

title: Dorothy Hyson


text:
Hadronyche formidabilis

Hadronyche formidabilis, the northern tree-dwelling funnel-web spider, is a medically significant mygalomorph spider found in Queensland and New South Wales. It is also known as the Northern Rivers funnel-web spider or northern funnel-web spider.

Taxonomy
A member of the genus Hadronyche, the northern tree-dwelling funnel-web spider was first described in 1914, by William Joseph Rainbow in the genus Atrax, having been collected from the vicinity of the Richmond River. Rainbow suspected it may have needed to be placed in a genus separate to Atrax at the time, but demurred due to the lack of male specimens. The species name is derived from the Latin formidabilis "terrifying". Within the genus Hadronyche, it is classified in the heterogeneous cerberea group, alongside the southern tree-dwelling funnel-web (H. cerberea), the Blue Mountains funnel-web (H. versuta) and 12 other species from southern New South Wales and Victoria.

Description
The northern tree-dwelling funnel-web spider has a glossy black carapace, and matte black or dark brown chelicerae, legs and abdomen. The dorsolateral surface of the abdomen may have a plum- or purplish tinge. The carapace of both sexes is longer and thinner than other members of the genus Hadronyche. With a body length of 40-50 millimetres, it is the largest member of the funnel-web subfamily Atracinae. The species is very similar to the ground-dwelling Darling Downs funnel-web spider (Hadronyche infensa); the male northern tree-dwelling funnel-web spider distinguished by its knobby spur on the tibia of the second pair of legs, which the male Darling Downs funnel-web spider lacks. Trapdoor spiders are more brown overall in colour.

Male and female northern tree-dwelling funnel-web spiders rear up and display their fangs when confronted, drops of venom appearing on the ends of their fangs. They are unable to jump. The venom of the species is potentially deadly to humans, and regarded as the most toxic of those in the family Atracidae. A high proportion of bites—five out of eight recorded cases—from the northern tree-dwelling funnel-web spider result in severe symptoms of envenomation. The venom can be successfully treated with the antivenom for the related Sydney funnel-web spider (Atrax robustus).

Symptoms of envenomation can occur within 15 to 20 minutes. Applying pressure bandages and immobilising the patient can significantly delay the onset of symptoms and remains a critical part of the management of an Australian funnel-web spider bite. Despite the venom lacking the δ-atracotoxin or atraxin of A. robustus, the symptoms are very similar to those from a Sydney funnel-web spider bite. Common symptoms include diaphoresis, hypertension, sinus tachycardia, muscle spasm or fasciculation, nausea and vomiting, altered consciousness and local pain at the bite site. Pulmonary oedema occurs frequently and comes on early. As these spiders are larger than the Sydney funnel-web spider, it may be that they inject greater amounts of venom, making the northern tree-dwelling funnel-web spider possibly the deadliest venomous spider species in the world per volume.

Distribution and habitat
The northern tree-dwelling funnel-web spider is found in eastern Australia from South East Queensland to the Hunter River in New South Wales. This and the southern tree-dwelling funnel-web spider (Hadronyche cerberea) are the only two species of Australian funnel-web spiders that live predominantly in trees. It lives in rotting logs, branches and hollow furrows and pipes of trees, particularly tallowwood (Eucalyptus microcorys), as well as in epiphytes. They have been recorded in trees 30 m (100 ft) above the ground. Roving males are encountered after rain and at night between late October and early February. They seek shelter during the day.

Ecology
The arboreal habitat suggests that wood-boring beetles are a main prey item of the northern tree-dwelling funnel-web spider.

title: Hadronyche formidabilis


text:
Former City Hall, Singapore

The Former City Hall building in Singapore is a national monument gazetted on 14 February 1992. It can be found in front of the historical Padang and adjacent to the Former Supreme Court of Singapore, it was designed and built by the architects of the Singapore Municipal Commission, A. Gordans and F. D. Meadows from 1926 to 1929. A flight of stairs takes visitors from the Corinthian colonnade to the main building. The building was constructed to replace several houses designed by architect G.D. Coleman. It was first known as Municipal Building until 1951 when Singapore was granted city status by King George VI.

History
The Municipal Building was planned and designed by the municipal architect S. D. Meadows, and then by Alexander Gordon, who took over the position in 1925. The London construction firm Perry and Co. (Overseas) Ltd. began in 1926 and was completed in 1929. By April the municipality moved into its new home. The Governor Hugh Clifford then officially opened the new Municipal Building on 23 July 1929. During World War II, when the Japanese occupied Singapore, they managed civic issues from the Municipal Building. Political affairs were already being conducted in the building. In 1943, the leader of the Indian National Army, Subhas Chandra Bose, rallied for Japanese support to help India be independent of British rule at the Municipal Building. British prisoners-of-war were rounded up in front of the building to march to POW camps such as Changi Prison and Selarang. On 12 September 1945, the Imperial Japanese Army official Seishirō Itagaki surrendered to Lord Mountbatten in the building to end World War II in Singapore. In 1951, it was renamed to its present name City Hall to mark Singapore as a city, after being granted city status.

In 1959, then Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew declared self-governance at City Hall. It was also the first time that the people of Singapore heard the new national anthem and saw their national flag. Lee and his eight cabinet ministers were then sworn into political office in the chamber of City Hall before the first Yang di-Pertuan Negara, Yusof bin Ishak, whose oath was taken at the City Hall as well. Lee Kuan Yew read out the Malaysia Proclamation at the City Hall in 1963, and declared that Singapore was no longer under British rule. The people celebrated the first Malaysia Day at the Padang which was outside the City Hall. When Singapore was no longer a part of Malaysia, The first National Day Parade was held there in 1966. The steps of the City Hall are also used as a VIP seating area when National Day Parades were held there.

Singapore has a unitary system of government. It has not had a mayor or a city council since the end of British rule. The ruling People's Action Party abolished the City Council and the Rural Board in 1959, and the mayor's role disappeared. However, there are five Community Development Councils (namely Central Singapore, Northeast, Northwest, Southeast and Southwest) which was established in 1997. The CDCs are not directly elected bodies, rather each of them consists of 12 to 80 members appointed by the People's Association Chairman or Deputy Chairman. Each of the five CDCs is headed by a mayor, which is usually an elected MP in the Parliament of Singapore.

In 1987, the building underwent a massive upgrade to allow the building to house governmental offices. In 1988, twelve courtrooms of the City Hall were transferred to the Supreme Court. This restoration work earned a Good Effort Award in 1994 by the Urban Redevelopment Authority. The City Hall was the place where Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong had his inauguration ceremony and the swearing-in of his cabinet in 1990. The building was also used for many government events over the years, it was used as a venue for the Singapore Biennale, and for the IMF and World Bank Meetings when it was held in Singapore in 2006.

In 2015, The former City Hall, together with the adjacent Former Supreme Court Building, has been converted into the National Gallery Singapore.

title: Former City Hall, Singapore


text:
Talk:Bend, Oregon

Need to fix Bend Sports section
Both the IBL Hotshots (2010) and PASL Steelheaders (2013) teams discontinued. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.35.134.253 (talk) 05:43, 31 December 2018 (UTC)

Economy Major Companies  "20 Top Employers"  Sources to improve
I attempted to repair a {dead link} by searching out an archive copy of "2014 Central Oregon Profile" and as of yet to find one. It was used to generate the "20 Top Employers" section of the article.

I did locate a 2013 copy that starts on page 30 of this slide presentation:

 * 2013 Central Oregon Profile (Page 30-47) by Economic Development for Central Oregon (EDOC)
 * SAME REPORT as above.

I found these additional reports published since:

 * 2015 Central Oregon Profile by Economic Development for Central Oregon (EDCO)
 * 2016 Central Oregon Profile by Economic Development for Central Oregon (EDCO)
 * SAME REPORT as above.
 * 2017 Bend Profile by Economic Development for Central Oregon (EDCO)
 * 2019 Central Oregon Economic Profile by Economic Development for Central Oregon (EDCO)
 * 2020 Central Oregon Economic Profile by Economic Development for Central Oregon (EDCO)
 * 2021 Central Oregon Economic Profile by Economic Development for Central Oregon (EDCO)

I leave this here in hopes a future editor might construct an attractive table, or some other inventive and intuitive way to present the data that is not terribly difficult to update upon any subsequent publishing. This feature is currently beyond my simple set of editing skills. ---> Darryl.P.Pike (talk) 04:44, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

I added 2020 report. ---> Darryl.P.Pike (talk) 06:57, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

Accuracy in subjects related to Education should be allowed
Hi. I made several edits to the Education section. The one about racism was removed. So was a sentence about inter-district transfers, which made it clear that the students of Bend are also able to study in other Central Oregon schools (and vice-versa). I am not pleased to find these deleted. This is the kind of information people need when looking for neutral information about a city's educational offerings.

These deletions and similar attitudes make this supposedly encyclopedic page sound like a tourist brochure for the City of Bend. What is the problem with briefly providing relevant information and citing local newspapers as legitimate sources?

Scout Lake (talk) 19:54, 16 March 2022 (UTC)

 * WP:USCITIES says, "Provide information on notable public and private schools in the city, as well as any colleges and universities that might be present. You might also include some information on the school board, as well as how many students and teachers are in the system." Details of the school district events or issues may be more appropriate in the district article. Fettlemap (talk) 21:33, 16 March 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bend, Oregon


text:
Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Sarawak

The Yang di-Pertua Negeri Sarawak in English is Governor of Sarawak, is the ceremonial head of state of Sarawak. The Yang di-Pertua Negeri is styled Tuan Yang Terutama (lit. 'His Excellency'). The official residence of the governor is The Astana, located on the north bank of the Sarawak River in Kuching.

Wan Junaidi Tuanku Jaafar has been the Yang di-Pertua Negeri since 26 January 2024.

Appointment
The office of the governor is established by article 1(1) of the Constitution of Sarawak. The position is appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong after consultation with the premier. Every governor is appointed for a term of four years. However, the king reserves the power to extend his term of appointment.

The governor has neither deputy nor assistant. However, in event of his inability to govern the state due to illness, absence or any other cause, the king reserves the power to appoint a person to exercise the function of the governor.

Functions, powers and privileges
Many functions and powers of the king – at the federal level – are delegated to the governor at the state level – like the other rulers of states. The governor, however, has no power and function towards the judiciary. Most of them are appointed after consultation with the premier, except in appointing the premier. The same process occurred during dismissal of an office bearer.

The Constitution also describes powers of the governor in the Council Negri. All bills must be assented by the governor in 30 days after a bill passed. The governor also has to address the Assembly annually.

title: Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Sarawak


text:
1962–63 NHL season

The 1962–63 NHL season was the 46th season of the National Hockey League. Six teams each played 70 games. The Toronto Maple Leafs won their second Stanley Cup in a row as they defeated the Detroit Red Wings four games to one.

Regular season
Some diversionary news hit the sports pages the day of the All-Star Game when it was reported that Toronto had sold Frank Mahovlich to Chicago for $1 million and James D. Norris produced a cheque for the amount. On the advice of Conn Smythe, Leafs general manager and head coach Punch Imlach declined the deal, saying that a million dollars does not score goals, and Mahovlich would remain a Maple Leaf.

A serious incident took place on October 23 between the Montreal Canadiens and Chicago Black Hawks. A vicious stick-swinging duel took place between Gilles Tremblay and Reg Fleming that was said to be the worst since the Bernie Geoffrion–Ron Murphy fight in 1953. Both players received match penalties and $100 fines. Tremblay emerged with a bad cut on his head that required many stitches. Montreal coach Toe Blake had some caustic remarks for Fleming when he was leaving the ice, which almost resulted in another fight. The Canadiens and Black Hawks played to a 4–4 tie. President Clarence Campbell suspended both Tremblay and Fleming for three games.

Glenn Hall's consecutive game streak came to an end on November 8 when he suffered a pinched nerve in his back and he was relieved by Denis DeJordy in the first period of a game in which Hall's Black Hawks tied Boston 3–3. DeJordy played well in the next game as the Black Hawks beat the Canadiens 3–1.

Chicago was improving and moved into a first-place tie with Detroit when they blanked Boston 5–0 on November 29. Stan Mikita scored two goals and Bobby Hull had one. The same night, the Rangers shut out the Red Wings 5–0 as Gump Worsley played a fine game. Worsley was unlucky in his next game, however, as Chicago beat the Rangers 5–1. Worsley badly injured his shoulder and had to be replaced by Marcel Pelletier. Gump went to the hospital where he would have his shoulder in traction for ten days.

Andy Hebenton had the hat trick on December 16 as the Rangers beat Detroit 5–2 at Madison Square Garden. The game was spoiled by a brawl, the chief participants being Dave Balon, Bill Gadsby, Doug Barkley and Terry Sawchuk. All were fined.

Andy Bathgate got both goals when the Rangers tied Montreal 2–2 at the Montreal Forum on January 5. This was the tenth consecutive game in which he had scored. The streak was terminated when Jacques Plante blanked the Rangers 6–0 in New York.

Jean Beliveau scored his 300th NHL goal on January 26 when the Rangers beat the Canadiens 4–2 at the Forum. Goals had not come very fast this year, and he hinted that this might be his last season. The writers did not take him seriously, however. The next night, the Canadiens beat the Black Hawks 3–1 at Chicago Stadium and Beliveau scored a spectacular goal, giving a beautiful exhibition of stick-handling.

Bernie Geoffrion and Don Marshall were back on January 31, but the Canadiens lost 6–3 to Toronto at the Forum. Coach Toe Blake was not pleased with the officiating and was quoted in a French newspaper that referee Eddie Powers handled the game as if he had bet on the outcome. This attracted the attention of NHL president Clarence Campbell, who said the matter would be investigated. Later, Blake was fined $200 by Campbell. Powers considered the fine inadequate and submitted his resignation as a referee. He cited Red Storey when Campbell would not support decisions he made. Powers then sued Blake for libel.

Bobby Hull scored all three goals as Chicago beat Boston 3–1 on February 17. On the same night, Montreal beat Detroit 6–1 and Howie Young established a penalty record when he high-sticked a Canadiens player and then commenced a tantrum, which drew him a minor, a major, a misconduct and a game misconduct totalling 27 minutes. His season total was now 208 minutes in penalties. NHL president Campbell then tacked on a three-game suspension.

Detroit ousted the Rangers from the playoffs on March 3 with a 3–2 win.

Bernie Geoffrion was in trouble for an incident during a game on March 5 in which Montreal beat Detroit 4–3. Referee Vern Buffey had given Jacques Plante a penalty for slashing Howie Young and then a bench penalty when the Canadiens protested. Geoffrion threw his stick at Buffey and his gloves as well. Geoffrion was given a match penalty and President Campbell assessed Geoffrion a five-game suspension.

The career of the Canadiens' Lou Fontinato came to a tragic end on March 9 when he tried to check Vic Hadfield and instead was thrown headlong into the boards by the Ranger player. Fontinato lay motionless on the ice for some time before being carried off the ice on a stretcher and taken to Montreal General Hospital where the diagnosis was a fractured neck, a crushed cervical vertebra. He gradually recovered from his paralyzed condition, but would never play hockey again. Jacques Laperriere replaced Fontinato on the Canadiens defence.

It was quite a race for playoff positions, as five points separated fourth and first. Gordie Howe led the Red Wings and the NHL as he won his sixth and last Art Ross Trophy and Hart Trophy.

Scoring leaders
Note: GP = Games played, G = Goals, A = Assists, Pts = Points, PIM = Penalties in minutes

Leading goaltenders
Note: GP = Games played; Min – Minutes played; GA = Goals against; GAA = Goals against average; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; SO = Shutouts

Coaches

 * Boston Bruins: Milt Schmidt
 * Chicago Black Hawks: Rudy Pilous
 * Detroit Red Wings: Sid Abel
 * Montreal Canadiens: Toe Blake
 * New York Rangers: Muzz Patrick and Red Sullivan
 * Toronto Maple Leafs: Punch Imlach

Debuts
The following is a list of players of note who played their first NHL game in 1962–63 (listed with their first team, asterisk(*) marks debut in playoffs):
 * Eddie Johnston, Boston Bruins
 * Paul Henderson, Detroit Red Wings
 * Claude Larose, Montreal Canadiens
 * Jacques Laperriere, Montreal Canadiens
 * Terry Harper, Montreal Canadiens
 * Jim Neilson, New York Rangers
 * Kent Douglas, Toronto Maple Leafs

Last games
The following is a list of players of note who played their last game in the NHL in 1962–63 (listed with their last team):
 * Bob Turner, Chicago Black Hawks
 * Jack Evans, Chicago Black Hawks
 * Vic Stasiuk, Detroit Red Wings
 * Lou Fontinato, Montreal Canadiens

Broadcasting
Hockey Night in Canada on CBC Television televised Saturday night regular season games and Stanley Cup playoff games. Games were not broadcast in their entirety until the 1968–69 season, and were typically joined in progress, while the radio version of HNIC aired games in their entirety.

This was the third consecutive season that the NHL did not have an American national broadcaster until the 1965–66 season.

title: 1962–63 NHL season


text: Category:Australian printmakers

title: Category:Australian printmakers