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Griffin Theatre Company

Griffin Theatre Company is an Australian theatre specialising in new works, based in Sydney. Founded in 1979, it is the resident theatre company at the Stables Theatre in Kings Cross. the artistic director is Declan Greene.

Artistic directors

 * Declan Greene (2020 –present)
 * Lee Lewis (August 2012–2020)
 * Sam Strong (2010–2012)
 * Nick Marchand (2006–2010)
 * David Berthold (2003–2006)
 * Ros Horin (1992–2003)
 * Ian Watson
 * Peter Kingston (inaugural artistic director)

History
Founded in 1979 its original founders were Peter Carmody, Penny Cook, Eadie Kurzer, Jenny Laing-Peach, and Rosemarie Lenzo. The organisation held its first meetings in Laing-Peach's cottage in Griffin Street, Surry Hills. Their first project was to present the Irish play The Ginger Man by James Patrick Donleavy at the Kirk Gallery in Cleveland Street, Surry Hills on 6 April 1979. The first Artistic Director was Peter Kingston who served until the appointment of Ian B Watson in 1988.

For the 1984 season the company was awarded The Sydney Critic's Circle Award for "the most significant contribution to theatre that year." In 1986 The SBW Foundation Purchased the Stables Theatre and offered the company a lifetime rent-free lease.

The theatre focuses on "all-Australia" talent and works.

Cate Blanchett and Jacqueline McKenzie began their professional careers at Griffin. The films Lantana, The Boys, and The Heartbreak Kid (which later spun off into the television series Heartbreak High) were based on plays produced by Griffin. Away, Australia's most produced contemporary play, also started at the company.

The Batch Festival
In 2018 Griffin launched an annual experimental theatre festival, the Batch Festival. It is a three-week festival featuring multiple shows each day, curated to highlight emerging artists. It was paused in 2021 owing to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Griffin Independent and Griffin Special Extras
Running since 2004 (then called Griffin Stablemates), in parallel to Griffin's own mainstage season of new Australian plays, Griffin Independent is an annual season of 5–6 new plays presented by independent theatre companies. In 2018, Griffin Independent was updated to Special Extras.

Griffin Award
Bestowed annually since 1998, the Griffin Award is offered to the most outstanding new work as read and judged by a panel appointed by Griffin. The award comes with a $10,000 cash prize. One stipulation on entry is that all works submitted have not been performed or produced prior.
 * 1998 – Catherine Zimdahl for Clark in Sarajevo
 * 1999 – Neil Cole for Alive at Williamstown Pier
 * 2000 – Ian Wilding for Below
 * 2001 – Verity Laughton for Burning
 * 2002 – Noelle Janacsewska for Songket and Patrick Van der Werf for Presence
 * 2003 – Brendan Cowell for Rabbit
 * 2004 – Debra Oswald for Mr Bailey's Minder
 * 2005 – Ian Wilding for The Carnivores
 * 2006 – Mary Rachel Brown for Australian Gothic
 * 2007 – Damien Millar for Emergency Sex and Other Desperate Measures
 * 2008 – Glace Chase for Whore
 * 2009 – Lachlan Philpott for Silent Disco
 * 2010 – Aidan Fennessy for Brutopia
 * 2011 – Glace Chase for A Hoax
 * 2012 – Vivienne Walshe for This is Where We Live
 * 2013 – Donna Abela for Jump for Jordan
 * 2014 – Angus Cerini for The Bleeding Tree
 * 2015 – Stephen Carleton for The Turquoise Elephant
 * 2016 – Melissa Reeves for The Zen of Table Tennis
 * 2017 – David Finnigan for Kill Climate Deniers
 * 2018 – Suzie Miller for On the Face of It (Prima Facie)
 * 2019 – Mark Rogers for Superheroes
 * 2020 - Dylan Van Den Berg for way back when

Griffin Studio
Griffin Studio is a year-long residency for directors, writers and dramaturgs with the company, established in 2011. It is awarded annually to one or more applicants.

Lysicrates Prize
Founded in 2015, the Lysicrates Prize is awarded annually to a play and is described as a "philanthropic initiative presented by The Lysicrates Foundation and produced by Griffin Theatre Company". The inaugural prize was won by Steve Rodgers for his play Jesus Wants Me for a Sunbeam.

Incubator Fellowship
In 2020 the company partnered with Create NSW to form the Incubator – NSW Theatre (Emerging) Fellowship program (aka Incubator Fellowship). Shortlisted fellows complete a three-month incubator program for emerging playwrights, directors, dramaturgs, designers and composers to work with the company. One of the fellows is then chosen to receive $30,000 to "pursue a self-directed program of professional development in Australia or overseas".

 * Winners
 * 2020: Ang Collins
 * 2021: Happy Feraren
 * 2022: Eve Beck

Recent seasons
Recent Griffin Theatre Company mainstage seasons are listed below.

2020 season

 * Family Values by David Williamson. 17 January – 7 March 2020

2019 season

 * Dead Cat Bounce by Mary Rachel Brown. 22 February – 6 April 2019
 * Prima Facie by Suzie Miller. 17 May – 22 June 2019
 * City of Gold by Meyne Wyatt. 26 July – 31 August 2019
 * Splinter by Hilary Bell. 6 September – 12 October 2019
 * First Love Is The Revolution by Rita Kalnejais. 6 September – 12 October 2019

2018 season

 * Kill Climate Deniers by David Finnigan. 23 February – 7 April 2018
 * Good Cook. Friendly. Clean. by Brooke Robinson. 4 May – 16 June 2018
 * The Almighty Sometimes by Kendall Feaver. 27 July – 8 September 2018
 * The Feather in the Web by Nick Coyle. 5 October – 17 November 2018

2017 season

 * A Strategic Plan by Ross Mueller. 27 January – 11 March 2017
 * The Homosexuals or 'Faggots' by Declan Greene. 17 March – 29 April 2017
 * Rice by Michele Lee. 21 July – 26 August 2017
 * Diving For Pearls by Katherine Thomson. 8 September – 28 October 2017

2016 season

 * Ladies Day by Alana Valentine. 5 February – 26 March 2016
 * Replay by Phillip Kavanagh. 2 April – 7 May 2016
 * The Literati by Justin Fleming. 27 May – 16 July 2016
 * Gloria by Benedict Andrews. 26 August – 8 October 2016
 * The Turquoise Elephant by Stephen Carleton. 14 October – 16 November 2016

2015 season

 * Masquerade by Kate Mulvany. 7–17 January 2015
 * Caress/Ache by Suzie Miller. 27 February – 11 April 2015
 * The House on the Lake by Aidan Fennessy. 15 May – 20 June 2015
 * The Bleeding Tree by Angus Cerini. 31 July – 5 September 2015
 * A Rabbit for Kim Jong-il by Kit Brookman. 9 October – 21 November 2015

2014 season

 * Emerald City by David Williamson. 17 October – 6 December 2014
 * The Witches by Roald Dahl, adapted from the stage play by David Wood. 24 September – 5 October 2014
 * Ugly Mugs by Peta Brady. 18 July – 24 August 2014
 * Eight Gigabytes of Hardcore Pornography by Declan Greene. 2 May – 14 June 2014
 * Jump for Jordan by Donna Abela 14 February – 29 March 2014
 * The Serpent's Table by Darren Yap and Lee Lewis. 24–27 January 2014

2013 season

 * Dreams in White - by Duncan Graham. 8 February – March 2013
 * The Bull, the Moon and the Coronet of Stars – by Van Badham. 2 May – June 2013
 * Beached – by Melissa Bubnic. 17 July 31 August 2013
 * The Floating World – by John Romeril. 4 October – 16 November 2013

2012 season

 * The Boys – by Gordon Graham. 6 January – 3 March 2012
 * The Story of Mary MacLane by Herself – by Bojana Novakovic, music by Tim Rogers, after the writings of Mary MacLane. 4 April – 12 May 2012
 * Angela's Kitchen – by Paul Capsis and Julian Meyrick. 15 May – 9 June 2012
 * A Hoax – by Rick Viede. 20 July – 1 September 2012
 * Between Two Waves - by Ian Meadows. 5 October – 17 November 2012

2011 season

 * Speaking in Tongues – by Andrew Bovell. 4 February – 19 March 2011
 * Silent Disco – by Lachlan Philpott. 22 April – 4 June 2011
 * And No More Shall We Part – by Tom Holloway. 29 July – 3 September 2011
 * This Year's Ashes – by Jane Bodie. 7 October – 19 November 2011
 * Museum of Broken Relationships - by the Griffin Audience, in collaboration with Ian Meadows, Kate Mulvany, Shannon Murphy, Paige Rattray

2010 season

 * Graces – by Angus Cerini, Elise Hearst and Lachlan Philpott. 14 September – 7 December 2010
 * Love Me Tender – by Tom Holloway. 18 March – 11 April 2010
 * Like a Fishbone by Anthony Weigh. 16 July – 7 August 2010
 * Quack by Ian Wilding. 27 August – 2 October 2010
 * Angela's Kitchen by Paul Capsis and Julian Meyrick / Associate Writer Hilary Bell. 5 November – 18 December 2010

2009 season

 * The Fates – by Kamarra Bell-Wykes, Jonathan Ari Lander and Catherine Ryan. 19 May – November 2009
 * Holiday – by Ranters Theatre. 4–28 February 2009
 * Concussion by Ross Mueller. 13 March – 4 April 2009
 * The Call – by Patricia Cornelius. 1 May – 6 June 2009
 * Savage River – by Steve Rodgers. 12 June – 8 July 2009
 * Strange Attractor – by Sue Smith. 23 October – 21 November 2009

2008 season

 * Seasons – by Nicki Bloom, Jonathan Gavin, Sue Smith and Rick Viede. 19 January – 8 February 2008
 * China – by William Yang. 19 January – 8 February 2008
 * The Kid – by Michael Gow. 22 March – 26 April 2008
 * Don't Say The Words – by Tom Holloway. 4–26 July 2008
 * The Modern International Dead – by Damien Millar. 12 September – 11 October 2008
 * Tender – by Nicki Bloom. 21 November – 20 December 2008
 * Impractical Jokes – by Charlie Pickering. 23 January – 2 February 2008

2007 season

 * Holding the Man – Adapted by Tommy Murphy. from the book by Timothy Conigrave 8 February – 3 March 2007
 * The Nightwatchman – by Daniel Keene. 9 March – 18 April 2007
 * October – by Ian Wilding. 20 April – 26 May 2007
 * The Story of the Miracles at Cookie's Table – by Wesley Enoch. 10 August – 22 September 2007
 * King Tide – by Katherine Thomson. 18 October – 24 November 2007
 * The Seven Needs – by 7-ON. (Donna Abela, Vanessa Bates, Hilary Bell, Noëlle Janaczewska, Verity Laughton, Ned Manning and Catherine Zimdahl) 27 March – 13 November 2007
 * The Emperor of Sydney – by Louis Nowra. 16 August – 23 September 2007

Commissioned and premiered works
Playwrights whose work has premiered at Griffin include:
 * Glenda Adams – The Monkey Trap (1998)
 * Richard Barrett – The Heartbreak Kid (1987)
 * Hilary Bell – Wolf Lullaby (1996), The Falls (2000)
 * Andrew Bovell – After Dinner (1989), Whisky on the Breath of a Drunk You Love (1992), Speaking in Tongues (1996), Ship of Fools (1999)
 * Brendan Cowell – Rabbit (2003)
 * Timothy Daly – Kafka Dances (1993), The Moonwalkers (1995), Private Visions of Gottfried Kellner (1999)
 * Wesley Enoch – The Story of the Miracles at Cookie's Table (2007)
 * Gordon Graham – The Boys (1991)
 * Michael Gow – Away (1986), Europe (1987), Live Acts on Stage (1996)
 * Noel Hodda – The Secret House (1987), Half Safe (1990),
 * Ingle Knight – White Nancy (1982)
 * Ned Manning – Us or Them (1984), Belonging (2007)
 * Tommy Murphy – Strangers in Between (2005), Holding the Man (Adapted from the book by Timothy Conigrave, 2006)
 * Louis Nowra – Death of Joe Orton, The Boyce Trilogy: The Woman with Dog's Eyes (2004), The Marvellous Boy (2005), The Emperor of Sydney (2006)
 * Debra Oswald – Mr Bailey's Minder (2004), The Peach Season (2006)
 * Stephen Sewell – The Father We Loved on a Beach by the Sea (1981), In Stillness My Sister Speaks to Me (1990), The Secret Death of Salvador Dali (2004), Three Furies Scenes from the life of Francis Bacon (2005)
 * Katherine Thomson – Wonderlands (2003), King Tide (2007)
 * Ian Wilding – Below (2000), Torrez (2004), October (2007)
 * Catherine Zimdahl – Clark in Sarajevo (1998)

title: Griffin Theatre Company


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Param Gati Swami

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was keep. --Tony Sidaway Talk 10:16, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

Param Gati Swami
This gentleman does not meet the standards of a notable entry 66.68.156.175 12:34, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete - lack of notablity. 66.68.156.175 August 24, 2005
 * Keep. Hare Krishna is a notable religious movement and thus its leaders are notable too. - Mgm|(talk) 13:11, August 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep per Mgm. Notable and verifiable. --GraemeL (talk) 13:39, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep as per Mgm Dlyons493 18:10, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep as above - Tεx  τ  urε  16:33, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Dancom Online Services

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. --Ryan Delaney talk 07:41, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

Dancom Online Services
plus a redirect to it. Blatant first person advertising. -- RHaworth 12:28:57, 2005-08-24 (UTC)
 * Delete per nominator. Al 13:08, August 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nominator. --GraemeL (talk) 14:14, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Badvertisement. Alf 19:16, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Josh Parris # 06:30, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - advert/vanity - Tεx  τ  urε  16:34, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
FC Elimai

FC Elimai (Елімай футбол клубы) is a Kazakh football club based in Semey. A leading club in the early years of the Kazakhstan Premier League, and under the name Elimai Semey (or simply "Elimai") they were three-time champions of Kazakhstan in 1994, 1995 and 1998. They are currently in Premier League.

History
Elimai most recently won the Kazakh league while the Football Federation of Kazakhstan were AFC affiliates. After Kazakhstan switched to UEFA affiliation, Elimai were relegated to the second-tier Kazakhstan First Division.

After the annex of former Semey Province to East Kazakhstan Province, the city of Semey was no longer a province capital. Thus all financial support from province went to FC Vostok, from Oskemen, the current province capital.

Names

 * 1964 : Founded as Tsementnik
 * 1971 : Renamed Spartak
 * 1994 : Renamed Elimai
 * 1999 : Renamed AES-Elimai
 * 2001 : Renamed Elimai
 * 2004 : Renamed Semey
 * 2008 : Renamed Spartak
 * 2022 : Renamed Elimai

Continental history
1 Elimai Semey withdrew after the 1st leg.

Honours

 * Kazakhstan Premier League (3):1994, 1995, 1998
 * Kazakhstan Cup (1): 1995

title: FC Elimai


text:
Fabryczna

Fabryczna is a former borough of Wrocław located in the western part of the city. Before the changes in 1991, it was the largest district of Wrocław.

On 21 March 1991, the newly created City Office of Wrocław assumed many of the functions previously carried out within the borough. The name, though, remained in use, mainly for statistical and administrative purposes.

Fabryczna is a Polish adjective derived from the noun fabryka ('factory'), and therefore the name roughly translates as 'industrial.' It is located in the western part of the city, on the left (south) side of the Oder river.

Subdivision
Since 1991, Fabryczna has been divided into 14 districts:

 * Pilczyce-Kozanów-Popowice Płn.
 * Gądów-Popowice Płd.
 * Muchobór Mały
 * Gajowice
 * Grabiszyn-Grabiszynek
 * Oporów
 * Muchobór Wielki
 * Nowy Dwór
 * Kuźniki
 * Żerniki
 * Jerzmanowo-Jarnołtów-Strachowice-Osiniec
 * Leśnica
 * Maślice
 * Pracze Odrzańskie

Flood of 1997
The northern part of Fabryczna district was severely damaged in the flood of 1997, especially in the Kozanów neighbourhood, which remained flooded for two weeks. Food and medicines were supplied to its inhabitants with the help of the military. The source of the flooding of this neighbourhood was not the Oder itself but the Bystrzyca, a small river which flows into the Oder in the proximity of Kozanów.

Landmarks
Fabryczna is home to the Wroclaw Municipal Stadium as well as several parks including Park Zachodni, and Park Tysiąclecia. The A8 highway runs through he district. The Milenijny and Rędziński bridges connect it to the other side of the Oder. The dzielnica is the location of the Magnolia Park shopping mall. It is also the home of the Wrocław Airport.

Climate
This area has few extremes of temperature and ample precipitation in all months. The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is "Cfb". (Marine West Coast Climate).

title: Fabryczna


text:
Talk:Osvaldo Cavandoli

Untitled
Cavandoli or Cavandali? A web search suggests the former, as does the title of the artice.
 * It's Cavandoli. It must have been a typo. Thanks for correcting it. --Dejan Čabrilo 13:41, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Osvaldo Cavandoli


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Machines Of Desire

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. [[smoddy ]] 19:42, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

Machines Of Desire
Non-notable band. Only one Google hit. KeithD (talk) 12:31, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

Note: The article in question was moved early on, during in the deletion discussion, and the text was nominated for deletion under the new title as well, as a result, there was a second discussion about what to do with the content at: Votes_for_deletion/List_of_small_bands --Mysidia (talk) 21:35, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. Non-notable. No allmusic entry for either Machines of Desire or Ryan Arch Peever. Al 12:37, August 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete all above is correct. feydey 16:17, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Please note that this article was renamed to List of small bands during this discussion by User:Ed Poor, who also removed the VFD notice from the article. We now have Votes for deletion/List of small bands, as well. Uncle G 18:34:04, 2005-08-24 (UTC)
 * Gosh, you make it sound like a bad thing. If I messed up, why not simply undo it? Why all this fuss? Whatever happened to the wiki way? Since when must bold action be thwarted with 3-day and 7-day voting procedures? I'm not going to edit war over this. If there's a policy (or even a convention) that non-notable bands aren't worthy of an article, why is there even a vote? I'm an admin, just tell me to delete the page, for Pete's sake! (Instead of making a federal case out of it - and refusing to explain anything other than to say these are the rules and read the rules again. Do you think I'm too stupid to understand a simple explanation? Or what? Uncle Ed 19:39, August 24, 2005 (UTC))
 * I don't think Uncle G was having a go at you, simply explaining the situation to anyone who happened upon this VfD, because of the unconventional nature of these two particular VfDs. Also, I think there's a difference between being bold, and circumventing concensus-building. The reason for the vote is so that people can come to a concensus as to whether a band is notable or not. (Ed and I have been discussing the moving of VfD articles on his talk page, if anyone is interested). KeithD (talk) 20:02, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Nn. Best to speedy it. --Blackcap | talk 22:20, August 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn. -- Etacar11   02:35, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - not notable - Tεx  τ  urε  16:34, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Roxby Council

The Roxby Council, formerly Roxby Downs Council  and before that the Municipal Council of Roxby Downs, is the local government area covering the town of Roxby Downs and the Olympic Dam mine in South Australia. It has an area of 110 km². At the 2016 census, it had a population of 3884. The municipality was constituted on 15 May 1986. It is a unique local government area in South Australia, in that it does not have an elected council but is served by an Administrator who performs all the functions of a Council.

It covers most of the locality of Roxby Downs, except a portion to the east of the town, while also including a section of the adjacent locality of Olympic Dam.

title: Roxby Council


text:
3-Amino-5-nitrosalicylic acid

3-Amino-5-nitrosalicylic acid is an aromatic compound that absorbs light strongly at 540 nm. It is produced when 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid reacts with a reducing sugar. In this reaction, the 3-nitro group (NOO−) is reduced to an amino group (NH2).

title: 3-Amino-5-nitrosalicylic acid


text:
Virginie Razzano

Virginie Razzano (born 12 May 1983) is a French former professional tennis player. She won two WTA Tour singles titles, both of them in 2007. Razzano reached her career-high WTA singles ranking of world No. 16 on 14 September 2009. She represented France in the Fed Cup from 2001 to 2014; her overall Fed Cup win–loss record is 16–9 (singles 10–5, doubles 6–4).

2005
She was chosen by Georges Goven to play in the Fed Cup first round when Tatiana Golovin had an injury and when Marion Bartoli and Émilie Loit were suspended. However, she was replaced by Séverine Brémond Beltrame because of injury in the quarterfinals.

2006–2007
On 31 August 2006, Razzano upset eighth seed Martina Hingis in the second round of the US Open. On 2 January 2007, she defeated former world No. 5 Daniela Hantuchová in two sets in the second round at the Auckland Open. In the first round at Wimbledon, she was upset by unseeded Yvonne Meusburger. At Forest Hills, she lost in her second WTA Tour final to Gisela Dulko.

On 30 September 2007, Razzano won her first singles title in Guangzhou. As the No. 2 seed, she defeated first-time finalist, 34-year-old Israeli Tzipora Obziler, to claim the title and become the 2007 Guangzhou International Women's Open champion. A week later, she claimed her second career title, also in Asia, beating former No. 1 Venus Williams in three sets at the Japan Open Tennis Championships in Tokyo.

2008
On 8 January, Razzano lost to Ana Ivanovic in the first round of the Sydney International in three sets. In the third set, Razzano was ahead 5–2, only to see Ivanovic win the next five games, and eventually proceed to the semifinals.

In August, she was a member of the French team that competed at the Beijing Olympics.

2009
In her first match of the year, Razzano was defeated by Barbora Záhlavová-Strýcová in the first round in Auckland. At the Hobart International, Razzano reached the semifinal where she lost to Petra Kvitová. Ranked fifty-six at the Australian Open, Razzano beat Jarmila Gajdošová and fourteenth seeded Patty Schnyder en route to the third round, where she lost to eighteenth seed Dominika Cibulková.

Razzano fell in the first round of the Open GdF Suez to Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova. However, she rebounded at the Dubai Tennis Championships. She advanced to the final after victories over Kateryna Bondarenko, second seed Dinara Safina, Daniela Hantuchová, fifth seed Vera Zvonareva, and sixteenth seed Kaia Kanepi. She was defeated in the final by sixth seed Venus Williams.

In March, Razzano competed at the Indian Wells Open. After beating Evgeniya Rodina in her first-round match, she was forced to retire during her second-round match against 18th seed Kaia Kanepi due to a back injury. Razzano fell in the first round of the Miami Open to qualifier Julia Görges.

At Ponte Vedra Beach, Razzano defeated Akgul Amanmuradova in the first round, but lost in the second round to second seed and eventual champion Caroline Wozniacki. Razzano reached the quarterfinals of Charleston as the 13th seed, but lost again to Wozniacki, again in straight sets. She was defeated in the second round of the Internazionali d'Italia by world No. 1 and eventual champion, Dinara Safina. She lost to Elena Vesnina in the second round of Madrid.

At the French Open, Razzano was unseeded and defeated former world No. 5 Daniela Hantuchová in the first round. She then thrashed 18th seed Anabel Medina Garrigues in two sets, in the second round and beat Tathiana Garbin in the third round in two tight sets. She lost in the fourth round to 30th seed Samantha Stosur. As a result of these wins, Razzano's ranking improved to world No. 26.

After withdrawing from a tournament in Birmingham with a lower back injury, Razzano entered the tournament in Eastbourne, where she was unseeded. She defeated fellow Frenchwoman Alizé Cornet in the first round. She then beat the top seed and world No. 4, Elena Dementieva, winning the decisive third-set tiebreak. She followed this win up with a win over eighth seed and defending champion, Agnieszka Radwańska, in the quarterfinals. In the semifinals, she was up 6–4, 1–0 when Marion Bartoli was forced to retire with a right quad strain. She lost in the final to sixth seed Caroline Wozniacki. However, Razzano's ranking improved to world No. 23.

At Wimbledon, Razzano was seeded 26th. In the first round, her opponent Tamira Paszek retired after falling behind 6–0, 3–1. After a win over Jill Craybas in the second round, her third-round opponent Vera Zvonareva withdrew to allow Razzano to her first Wimbledon fourth round. Razzano then fell, 2–6, 6–7, to Francesca Schiavone in the fourth round. Despite this loss, Razzano reached a new career-high ranking of world No. 17.

Razzano started her US Open Series campaign in Los Angeles, where she was seeded 11th. She lost in the first round to Anna Chakvetadze. She was seeded 16th at Cincinnati, but also lost in the first round to Anna-Lena Grönefeld. Razzano played her last tournament before the US Open in New Haven. Unseeded in singles, she defeated world No. 20 Patty Schnyder in three sets, in the first round. Fifth seed Agnieszka Radwańska had to retire due to injury in the second round with the score at one set all. Razzano was defeated by Caroline Wozniacki in the quarterfinals. Razzano was seeded 16th at the US Open, but suffered a surprise defeat in the first round to eventual semifinalist Yanina Wickmayer.

Razzano continued her disappointing end to the season in Tokyo as the 16th seed, losing to Iveta Benešová, in the first round. She was forced to pull out of the China Open due to a left calf strain. This turned out to be the end of Razzano's season. She finished her best season on tour ranked world No. 19.

2010
Razzano started her 2010 campaign at the Auckland Open, where she was seeded fifth. She defeated Monica Niculescu in the first round, but she lost in the second round to Kimiko Date-Krumm. She also fell 3–6, 0–6 to Daniela Hantuchová in the first round in Sydney. Razzano was seeded 18th at the Australian Open, but suffered another surprise defeat in the first round to Ekaterina Makarova. This caused her to fall out of the top 20 in the world rankings. Another first-round defeat followed in Paris, where she lost to Patty Schnyder. Razzano continued her season in Dubai where, as an unseeded player, she defeated Selima Sfar in the first round, before losing to world No. 22 and in-form Shahar Pe'er, in the second round. Due to her not defending her points from reaching the final the previous year, Razzano saw a huge change in her ranking as it fell to world No. 39. Razzano next competed at Indian Wells where she defeated Kristina Barrois in the second round, before losing to 32nd seed Maria Kirilenko in the third. At the US Open, she beat Klara Zakopalova and upset 13th seed Marion Bartoli, before losing to former No. 1 Ana Ivanovic in the third round.

2011
Razzano started off the year losing in the second qualifying round to Vania King at the Brisbane International.

Prior to the French Open's start, Razzano's fiancé and former coach, Stephane Vidal, died of a brain tumor. She elected to play despite her loss, knowing that Vidal encouraged her to participate at Roland Garros. She met 24th-seeded Jarmila Gajdošová in the first round, but lost with a score of 3–6, 1–6.

2012
At the French Open, Razzano handed the No. 5 seed Serena Williams her first-ever singles first-round defeat in a Grand Slam tournament. Razzano came back from a set and 1–5 down in the second-set tie-break to emerge victorious in three sets. At the time, Razzano was ranked 106 places lower than Williams, who was the favourite for the title entering the tournament. She was up 5–0 in the final set at one point and needed eight match points to close out the match. She lost to Arantxa Rus in the second round, in straight sets.

2016
Razzano began the season at the Brisbane International. She lost in the first round of qualifying to Kaia Kanepi.

In May, Razzano reached the singles semifinals of the Internationaux de Strasbourg for the second consecutive year. She lost her semifinal match narrowly to Caroline Garcia. Three Frenchwomen - Razzano, Garcia and Kristina Mladenovic - reached the semifinals of that tournament. The last time three Frenchwomen made it this far at a WTA tournament was in 2006, when Tatiana Golovin, Mary Pierce and Amélie Mauresmo advanced to the semifinals of the Open Gaz de France, with Mauresmo eventually winning the singles title.

title: Virginie Razzano


text:
Hydroxystilbamidine

Hydroxystilbamidine is a fluorescent dye that emits different frequencies of light when bound to DNA and RNA. It is used as a retrograde tracer for outlining neurons, and as a histochemical stain.

title: Hydroxystilbamidine


text:
Alberta charter schools

Background

Alberta charter schools are a special type of public school which have a greater degree of autonomy than normal public schools, allowing them to offer programs that are significantly different from regular public schools operated by district school boards. Charter schools report directly to the province, bypassing their local district school board, may not exceed their assigned quota of students without provincial permission. They are also unique, in the sense that they may reject students for admission and can charge additional fees in the form of school uniforms, bus services, extracurricular activities, and more.

As of 2022-23, roughly 11,000 students were enrolled in charter schools (1.4% of total student population), compared to 508,478 in public schools (66.3%), 177,633 in separate schools (23.1%), and 40,676 in private schools (5.3%).

Alberta charter schools are publicly-funded institutions run by private school associations or authorities that must be registered non-profit societies. The charter schools theoretically cannot have any religious affiliations, can only charge additional & optional tuition, and cannot operate on a for-profit basis. The teachers must be certified, and the curriculum must follow the approved provincial curriculum - though are permitted to adopt additional, independent educational programs and philosophies into their programming. Alberta, which passed enabling legislation in 1994 (three years after the first charter school opened in the United States in Minnesota), remains the only province in Canada that allows charter schools.

Charter schools are represented by The Association of Alberta Public Charter Schools (TAAPCS).

Supporters claim that charter schools offer greater "freedom in choice of education" for parents of students. They also claim that charter schools improve the public education system by offering higher-quality education and supporting disadvantaged students.

Critics have argued that charter schools 'Americanize' the public K-12 education system, and effectively allows privately-operated institutions to receive public funding - though with less oversight and more freedom in their programming. Public education advocates have also noted how charter schools undermine the public education system by subsidizing a market for separate and segregated educational systems using public funds, instead of increasing funding to regular K-12 institutions.

Current charters
As of July 2024, there are 37 approved charter schools operated by 22 authorities. The number of charter schools was previously limited to a maximum of 15, but Jason Kenney's UCP government eliminated this cap effective September 2020.

Former charters
Three charter school have closed:
 * The Global Learning Academy, in Calgary, was granted a charter in 1996, and with 480 students was the largest charter school in the province. However, mismanagement and financial problems resulted in the suspension of its founding principal in December 1997, the replacement of its board of directors with a trustee in January 1998, and the revocation of the school's charter before the start of the 1998–1999 school year.
 * The Moberly Hall Charter School, the only charter school hosted by a Roman Catholic school board, operated in Fort McMurray from 1997 to 2007 before voluntarily closing because of declining enrolment and rising costs.
 * The Mundare Charter School was established in Mundare by parents in 1997 when the town's elementary/junior high school closed, but operated for only one year. It was absorbed into the local public school board as an alternative elementary school after low enrolment resulted in financial difficulty.

title: Alberta charter schools


text:
Tony Roberts (footballer)

Anthony Mark Roberts (born 4 August 1969) is a Welsh football coach and former professional footballer, who is the goalkeeping coach at AC Milan and the Wales national team.

As a player, he was as a goalkeeper who notably played in the Premier League for Queens Park Rangers over various seasons before dropping down into the Football League with the club in 1996. He later played for Millwall, St. Albans City, Atlanta Silverbacks and Dagenham & Redbridge. He was capped twice by Wales.

Since retiring, Roberts moved into coaching and returned to Queens Park Rangers before later becoming an academy coach at Arsenal. He has since worked as a goalkeeping coach for Swansea City, Hebei China Fortune and Birmingham City.

Early life
As a child, Roberts attended Ysgol Thomas Elis and Holyhead County School.

Early career
Roberts first became involved in football with Bodedern before joining Holyhead United Juniors at the age of twelve. After impressing one of the club's scouts, he was offered a trial with Chelsea but was forced to cancel after picking up an injury. Instead he was recommended to Queens Park Rangers by Brian Law at the age of sixteen.

Queens Park Rangers
He progressed through the ranks at Loftus Road, making his debut against Coventry City in December 1987. He served as understudy to David Seaman during his early years with the club before taking over as the club's first choice goalkeeper after a number of years competing with Jan Stejskal, following the departure of Seaman in 1990. A broken finger sustained in a match against Ipswich Town in January 1998 saw Roberts fall out of favour with the club, resulting in a move to Millwall at the end of the 1997–98 season. In 2003, he was given a testimonial match by QPR.

Retirement and return
Roberts played just eight times at The New Den when he suffered a recurrence of his finger injury which forced him to end his League career. He spent seven months away from football, returning in 1999 with non-League side St Albans City, making his debut in a 1–0 defeat to Slough Town. He later moved to the United States with the Atlanta Silverbacks, where he spent three months before returning to England. While playing in America, Roberts began wearing a splint inside his glove to solve his finger injury problem.

Dagenham & Redbridge
In 2000, Roberts joined Dagenham & Redbridge, managed by his former St Albans boss Garry Hill. Whilst playing for the club, Roberts became only the second goalkeeper ever to score a goal in an FA Cup tie when he scored against Basingstoke Town in a fourth qualifying round tie in October 2001. Remaining the club's first choice goalkeeper since his arrival, Roberts broke the appearance record at the club and was handed a testimonial match against West Ham United in 2007. Roberts also holds the record for the only goalkeeper ever to be sent off in the FA Cup in the opposing area when he was red carded after a clash with Peter Clarke during a 5–2 defeat to Southend United in the third round of the FA Cup on 5 January 2008.

In the 2006–07 season, Roberts was part of the side that achieved promotion to The Football League after finishing as champions of the Conference National, having missed out on two previous occasions, on goal difference to Boston United in the 2001–02 season before losing the Conference play-off final to Doncaster Rovers the following year. To return to The Football League, Roberts was forced to repay part of his £150,000 compensation package originally given to him on his retirement from professional football in 1998. Helping the club avoid relegation before reaching eighth position the following year, he made his 400th appearance for the club against Accrington Stanley on 21 February 2009 and signed a new one-year contract at the end of the season. He took up the option of a further one-year contract with Dagenham in June 2011.

Roberts announced his second retirement before a pre-season friendly before West Ham United, on 26 July 2011. It came after Roberts made over 400 appearances for the Daggers between the years of 2000 and 2011 scoring one goal against Basingstoke Town in the fourth qualifying round of the FA Cup in 2001, he still remains the one of three goalkeeper to have scored in the FA Cup being the second to Alan Cooling of Hampton in 1977, also he is the only goalkeeper to be sent off in the opposing box also in the FA Cup, this was against Southend United in 2008 after a foul on Peter Clarke.

International career
Roberts had previously been capped at under-18 level for Wales before earning his first cap for the under-21 side on 5 December 1990 in a 0–0 draw with England. His performance in the match earned him his first call-up to the senior side one month later.

During his career, he won two full international caps as a substitute in matches against Republic of Ireland on 17 February 1993 and San Marino on 31 August 1996, as well as being selected 30 times as backup goalkeeper to Neville Southall. He also became the first Welshman to be capped at both full and semi-professional level as he helped his country win the non-league 'Home International' series twice.

Coaching career
Roberts combined goalkeeper duties at Dagenham & Redbridge with a coaching role at Queens Park Rangers, and then at Arsenal, whom he joined as assistant goalkeeping coach in 2008–09. He moved to Swansea City as first-team goalkeeping coach in June 2015. In August 2016, he became goalkeeping coach for the Wales national team, where he worked under Chris Coleman. He combined the role with his Swansea job. In June 2018, he left Swansea to join Coleman at Hebei China Fortune. He was appointed to Aitor Karanka's staff as goalkeeper coach of Birmingham City in October 2020, and left at the end of June 2021. In June 2021, he was appointed as the goalkeeping coach of Wolverhampton Wanderers.

Honours
Dagenham & Redbridge
 * Conference National winner: 2006–07
 * Football League Two play-Off final winner: 2009–10

title: Tony Roberts (footballer)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Brittny

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. --Ryan Delaney talk 07:42, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

Brittny
The child of a notable person is not automatically also notable. Al 12:34, August 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete appearing in one TV show and having a famous last name does not a notable person make. - Mgm|(talk) 13:09, August 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete because precedent from previous deletions has established that having famous family members nor appearing on TV by themselves are not legitimate claims to notability. --Quintin3265 13:26, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment Please reread the WP:CSD. Not being notable does not make a page speedyable. Only if there is no claim to notability is the page a speedy. --Ryan Delaney talk 13:36, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. The requirements state that the assertion has to not be disputed or controversial. Since votes in the past have deleted articles with these same claims to notability many times over, I would argue that the assertion is not controversial.  Then again your bringing up this topic is probably now controversial enough to require a vote. :)  --Quintin3265 14:47, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * This kind of article is merged more often than it is deleted. Kappa 21:12, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * This kind of article is redirected more often than it is merged (since there isn't much to merge in the first place). (delete & redir) Radiant_ >|< 14:01, August 25, 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete No achievements in her own right. Not speedy as being a close relative to someone famous is not normally sufficient in itself to warrant an article. Capitalistroadster 17:17, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. --FuriousFreddy 20:26, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with List of minor Jackson family members or someplace. Kappa 21:12, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, nn child of an nn Jackson. Zoe 23:02, August 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. An article which says about its subject "not much is known about her" appears to be expressly claiming non-notability and verges on a speedy delete.  In the unlikely event that this article is kept, move to Brittny Jackson. --Metropolitan90 05:54, August 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. nn Dottore So 03:57, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - not notable - Tεx  τ  urε  16:34, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Brittny


text:
Miriam Oremans

Miriam Oremans (born 9 September 1972) is a former professional female tennis player from the Netherlands. On 26 July 1993 she reached her career-high singles ranking of number 25.

She did not win any singles titles (Oremans did have two Satellite tournament wins in 1989), but did win three titles in doubles. In 1992 she was runner-up together with Jacco Eltingh in the mixed doubles finals of Wimbledon.

Her biggest achievement came during the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney where she won the silver medal in doubles, partnering Kristie Boogert, losing the final match to Venus and Serena Williams.

title: Miriam Oremans


text:
User talk:Aarchiba/SVG sanitizer

License?
Heya,

This looks awesome. What license is it under? Maybe we could use it for MediaGoblin...

--Cwebber (talk) 17:53, 12 May 2013 (UTC)

Best pracices via DTD?
The best way to do a SVG sanitizer is to create a custom DTD with no event tags or script tags, and then validate against the DTD. That way you only allow known safe tags, as opposed to trying to eliminate unsafe tags. Jrincayc 12:35, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

Illegal xml
After fixing the following file (by adding a xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" declaration to the root svg element), your script seems to transform it into illegal XML with elements from namespaces which have been removed:

http://wiki.services.openoffice.org/twiki/pub/Main/SVGUserExperiences/Topologyanon.svg

-- Hauix 12:38, 7 October 2005 (UTC).

XSLT?
Just an (incomplete) idea:        <!-- etc. -->       Could even get the client itself to do the sanitizing by putting a processor instruction at the beginning of the SVG. —Fleminra 06:17, 29 January 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Aarchiba/SVG sanitizer


text: Wikipedia:Transwiki log/Articles moved from here/meta.wikimedia


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Disturbing Productions

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Sjakkalle (Check!)  08:56, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

Disturbing Productions
Non-notable. See also Machines Of Desire, the author's only other contribution. KeithD (talk) 12:35, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete 88 google hits, also see http://www.disturbing-productions.com/info.htm -- Ryan Norton T 15:18, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn. -- Etacar11   02:33, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - not notable - Tεx  τ  urε  16:34, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
CEG

CEG may refer to:

 * Conservative Europe Group, a political group affiliated to the UK Conservative Party
 * College of Engineering, Guindy, Chennai, India
 * Constellation Energy, based on its ticker symbol
 * Corvette Evolution GT, a PlayStation 2 and Nintendo DS video game
 * Cefaloglycin, trade name CEG
 * Hawarden Airport, has the IATA: CEG
 * Customer Experience Guidelines

title: CEG


text:
Saleius Bassus

Saleius Bassus was a Roman epic poet. He lived during the reign of Vespasian, being a contemporary of Gaius Valerius Flaccus.

Quintilian credited him with a vigorous and poetical genius and Julius Secundus, one of the speakers in Tacitus' Dialogus de oratoribus styles him a perfect poet and most illustrious bard. Saleius was apparently overtaken by poverty, but was generously treated by Vespasian who gave him a present of 500,000 sesterces. Nothing from his works has been preserved; the Laus Pisonis, which has been attributed to him, is probably by Lucan or Titus Calpurnius Siculus.

title: Saleius Bassus


text: User talk:80.141.101.196

title: User talk:80.141.101.196


text: User talk:195.29.173.169

title: User talk:195.29.173.169


text:
Talk:List of Philippine laws

Naming/scope of this page, inclusion criteria, xreffing, etc.
The page says: "This is a list of Republic Acts that have been mentioned in Wikipedia". Why just Republic Acts? That restriction seems to me not to be useful. Why just RAs which are mentioned elsewhere in Wikipedia? It seems to me that mention elsewhere in Wikipedia is not a good criteria for choosing what to include here, though references to the page(s) mentioning the item would probably be useful if that xref info is available or easily obtainable.

Much of importance and interest is embodied in other instruments (there are CAs, RAs, BPs, PDs, EOs, PPs, and probably a hundred other sorts of pronouncements with varying levels of legal effect). The Immigration Act, for example, is Commonwealth Act No. 613, and has been amended by R.A. 118, R.A. 135, R.A. 144, R.A. 503, R.A. 749, R.A. 827, R.A. 1901, R.A. 4376, R.A. 5171, R.A. 5701, P.D. 524, and perhaps by other instruments. The Philippine Family Code, for another example, is embodied in Executive Order 209 which apparently, and apparently during a brief period of vast executive authority, superseded Title III of Republic Act No. 386 (the Civil code of the Philippines).

I don't think that this Wiki page is very useful in its present form, but think something along this general line would be useful even though I cannot easily come up with sweeping concrete suggestions about changes. AFAICT, RP laws have lots of contradictions between one another and are horribly unorganized.

Barring serious objection, I will probably revise the inclusion criteria requoted above and will begin adding mention of various instruments (not just RAs) to those currently mentioned here. As I do so, I will probably add external links to places where the full text of the acts can be read (probably mostly on www.lawphil.net and www.chanrobles.com).

Comments? Suggestions? Objections? -- Boracay Bill 05:00, 28 August 2006 (UTC)

Numbering
Based on the numbering, it appears here are three kinds of RA acts, pre commonwealth, commonwealth and post commonwealth. Is this the case or is it simply that pre commonwealth and commonwealth acts were given new numbers? If it is the case that there are 3 kinds, how are these usually referred to? E.g. how is RA1876 of the pre commonwealth era distunguished from RA1876 of the post commonwealth era?60.234.141.76 12:36, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, Philippine laws were really called "Republic Acts" from 1946-1972 and from 1986-now. Before independence, they were merely just called "acts".  During the Marcos era, they were called "Batas Pambansa" (national law).  Before independence, the law would be numbered as Act followed by the number (for example Act 3346).  A Batas Pambansa would be succeeded by a number (for example Batas Pambansa 134).  An RA would simply be RA followed by the number (for example RA 9337).  Since the title is really a reference to the modern RA, the name on the table was kept for convenience, but I will modify the titles to make sure that they are not all RAs.  --Akira123323 14:46, 8 September 2005 (UTC)

 * The numberings of the Republic Acts (not PD, EO, or BP) are consistent. Therefore the numberings of Presidential Decree (started with 1) is not in connection with the numberings in the Republic Acts last used before the Martial Law in 1972. (Republic Act 6635 was passed in 1972, while the next republic act, RA 6636, was passed in 1987). In my opinion, indeed there are different numberings: pre-commonwealth, commonwealth, republic (except 1972 to 1986), PD, and Batasang Pambansa (last 2 were in Marcos era) -Frj1947 17:05, 11 February 2007 (UTC)

 * From what I have seen, and contrary to the nomenclature described in this article, legislative instruments exist which are are designated as Act, Batas Republika(??), Batas Pambansa Bilang, Commonwealth Act, and Republic Act (perhaps Act and Batas Republika are two alternative designations for the same group of instruments (??)). Executive instruments exist which are designated as Executive Order, Memorandum Order, Administrative Order, Memorandum Circular, General Order, Special Order, Presidential Proclamation, and Presidential Decree; some of these are defined in chapter two of the Administrative Code of 1987 (EO292) (some provisions of EO292, incidentally, appear to to be inconsistent with the 1987 RP constitution).  Numbering of executive instruments appears to be inconsistent, with the same designation and number having been used for different executive issuances (examples here and here). Also, there is some interworking between the aforementioned items, such as parts of RA386 having been superseded by EO209 and with EO209 then having been amended by EO227(1987) and further amended by RA8533. -- Boracay Bill 01:22, 12 February 2007 (UTC); modified by Boracay Bill 05:26, 12 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Hope this helps. Only Congress has the power to make laws (which can be defined simply as the creation of legal rights and the imposition of legal obligations). The executive instruments defined in the Administrative Code are not laws, but in a loose sense, instructions by the President to the members of the executive department on how to implement the law. For while Congress has the duty to make laws, it is the President with the duty to execute the laws of Congress. I'm not certain about the particulars in the numbering of Executive orders and other such executive instruments, but I think that the number is reset to 1 at the start of each calendar year. Thus, when these executive orders are cited in legal pleadings, it is necessary to cite the year it was issued, otherwise the reader or judge would be at a loss as to which executive order is being referred to.

 * However, when Marcos declared martial law, closed Congress, and imposed his 1973 Constitution, he took upon himself the power of Congress to make laws. The most common form he would use in making his laws was through Presidential Decrees. From 1972 to 1978, all laws came from Marcos alone. The Batasang Pambansa (which replaced Congress) was convened in 1978, with the traditional power to create laws (known from 1978 until 1986 as Batas Pambansa Blg. ___) However, even with the Batasang Pambansa, Marcos chose to retain the power to make laws by decree. So, from 1978 until 1986, there was this unusual situation where both the Batasang Pambansa and Marcos had the power to make laws. Since during that time Marcos allies controlled the B.P., there was hardly any conflict.

 * Then, when Cory Aquino was installed in 1986, she closed the Batasang Pambansa and also opted to retain the Marcos power to create laws herself until the time Congress was convened again in 1987. Because the term "Presidential Decrees" had fallen in such disrepute during the Marcos era, Aquino chose to make laws through "Executive Orders" during the year and a half she had such power. The two most famous laws created by Aquino through Executive Orders were the Family Code of 1987 (E.O. 209) and the Administrative Code of 1987 (E.O. 292). These two Codes should have been enacted by Congress, rather than the President, and many feel they were rushed in order that there would be no need for congressional approval. However, since Congress reconvened in 1987, the President no longer has the power to make laws, and the Executive Orders issued are limited to implementing the laws of Congress. Similarly, only Congress, and not the President, has the power to amend those "executive orders" or "presidential decrees" which are in fact laws. That is why The Family Code (E.O. 209) was amended by a subsequent Republic Act, for example. Its quite confusing, but thankfully not too many laws are affected by this discrepancy.

 * As to the nomenclatures in the article, it is wrong to designate those laws enacted before 1946 as Republic Acts, since the Republic of the Philippines did exist yet during that time. Pre-Commonwealth laws were known as Public Acts (or simply, Acts), while laws passed during the Commonwealth government were Commonwealth Acts. It is also wrong to call the Marcos-era laws as Republic Acts, as they were either known as Batas Pambansa Blg. (for laws passed by Congress) or Presidential Decrees (for laws passed by Marcos). I also understand that the criteria for citing the particular laws in the article is based on their reference within Wikipedia. While that may be a valid criteria, it might leave the impression that these were the most important laws passed by our Congresses when in fact many of them are relatively innocuous in nature. --Anyo Niminus 16:19, 12 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Thanks for that info, some of which I had figured out for myself and some of which was new to me. I would have thought that the 1987 Constitution, which provides that it takes effect immediately on ratification (2 Feb 1987 according to jlp-law.com), would have immediately terminated any authority that President Aquino had to rule by decree in favor of constitutionally mandated legislative processes. I see, though, that EO209 is dated 6 July 1987 and EO292 is dated 25 July 1987. Perhaps I fail to understand because I am not legally trained.

 * Regarding this page, it seems to me from the foregoing and from looking at the History of the Philippines page that this page would benefit from a reorganization into sections along the following lines, with each section having an explanatory intro and with each section referring to the laws therein by the appropriate designations:
 * Pre-Spanish era, pre-1521, is there any legal carryover to the present?
 * Spanish rule era, 1521-1898, is there any legal carryover to the present?
 * American Colonial era, 1898-1933, laws are designated "Act"
 * Commonwealth era, 1933-1935, laws are designated "Commonwealth Act"
 * Pre WW-II 1935 RP Constitution era, 1935-1941, laws are designated "Republic Act"
 * Japanese Occupation and 1943 RP Constitution era, 1941-1944, is there any legal carryover to the present?
 * Post WW-II 1935 RP Constitution era, 1944-1972, laws are designated "Republic Act"
 * Martial Law and 1973 RP Constitution era, 1972-1986, laws are designated "Batas Pambansa", "Presidential Decree", and "Presidential Proclamation"
 * Post-revolution and 1986 RP Constitution era, 1986-1987, laws are designated "Executive Order"
 * 1987 RP Constitution era, 1987 to present, laws are designated "Republic Act"
 * I hope that is somewhere close to being correct. I have divided the sections above partly according to the dates of the various constitutions rather than on the Nth Republic divisions made on the Philippine History page, which divisions don't match the dates of the various constitutions. Perhaps there is a better way to do this.
 * Considering the several designations for Philippine laws, I think that this page should be moved to something like "List of Philippine laws". Also, the article intro should probably make it clear that the list it contains is not comprehensive. -- Boracay Bill 07:44, 13 February 2007 (UTC)

 * I agree with these divisions, and that "List of Philippine laws" is a more accurate designation. No Pre-Spanish era or Spanish era laws remain in effect today, and I can't think of a Japanese-era law that also remains in effect. If I'm not mistaken though, the Commonwealth government was in rule from 1935 to 1941, and that the laws during those six years are the ones called "Commonwealth Act". It was only in 1946 that the laws came to be titled "Republic Act".
 * While the 1987 Constitution took effect beginning 2 February 1987, Section 6, Article XVIII (Transitory Provisions) allowed Aquino to "continue to exercise legislative powers until the first Congress is convened." Transitory Provisions It was on 27 July 1987 that the "first" Congress (actually the 8th Congress) was convened. --Anyo Niminus 11:12, 13 February 2007 (UTC)
 * I have done a draft revision, which is currently located here. Unless there is objection, I intend in a day or two to move the present Republic Acts of the Philippines page to List of Philippine laws, leaving behind a redirection link to that page, and then to replace the contents of the new page with my draft page.  In the meantime, please look over my draft.  Feel free to change anything which needs changing.  -- Boracay Bill 06:34, 14 February 2007 (UTC)

I have moved the page and revised its content per the discussion above. -- Boracay Bill 00:02, 17 February 2007 (UTC)

Act # 1
Anyone know what the first ever act? -- Howard  the   Duck  07:21, 11 September 2007 (UTC)

 * That info is probably in this book. Online, I found this. -- Boracay Bill 02:39, 12 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Republic Act No. 1 (the first ever law passed by the independent Congress)... anyone think this should be included? -- Howard  the   Duck  11:43, 31 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Rep. Act No. 1 itself is very unremarkable, just a temporary spending measure until the 1946 budget was approved. For me, the fact that it was the first law passed by Congress post-independence is interesting only as trivia. In considering the first ever law, the Philippine legal system recognizes until today even those unrepealed laws passed during the American era as having equal weight with those passed by the post-1946 Congress. These would include laws enacted by the Philippine Commission prior to 1907. One such law, The Land Registration Act (Act No. 496, circa 1902), is still very relevant today as it still governs the system of land registration in the Philippines.

 * What I'd be more interested in is what is the oldest law still in effect today, and The Land Registration Act may well be it. At least one Spanish era law, the Spanish Civil Code remained in effect in the Philippines until 1950. --Anyo Niminus (talk) 13:43, 31 January 2008 (UTC)

Linking to chanrobles
Is there a reason why there are links to chanrobles.com? Why not to lawphil.net instead? Ed558 (talk) 05:24, 23 March 2011 (UTC)
 * It's more comprehensive/complete. Although I have some concerns on actually including them in the article at all. I suggest deleting the section. Moray An Par (talk) 16:10, 1 May 2011 (UTC)
 * I've deleted all the links leaving just a main link. I think that all the links are not appropiate for an encyclopedia.  If people wanted a comprehensive list, they can go elsewhere.--Bruce Hall (talk) 06:57, 30 August 2012 (UTC)

Commission Acts
I am sure I have come across references to one or more Commission Act. Do they exist as such, or is it another name for (Public) Acts? Unbuttered parsnip (talk) mytime= Fri 20:13, wikitime=  12:13, 14 November 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
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Article overhaul
Greetings,

This is a suggestion that he whole article must be revamp in order to be more informative and less enumerative. Due to the extent of the laws passed by the Congress every year, the article will only be more lengthy as the time goes by, especially, not all laws are covered by this article and only notable ones are displayed, it will be more appropriate if laws are grouped in a collapsible section in accordance to its particular time period (preferably, by historical period e.g. laws of the First Philippine Republic, Laws of the Commonwealth Era). The article must focused on the legal fields and subjects of the Philippines and the legal system of the Philippines, further discussion on the Legal system of the Philippines, highlights the unique blend of Common Law and Civil law system as well as the recognition of Sharia law and customary law. A section on the History of Philippine legal system and the discussion on particular section of legal fields. Similar articles that could serve as basis and reference includes Law of Thailand, Law of Singapore. Law of Germany, Law of the United States, Law of France etc.

I hope this aforementioned recommendations should be taken into proper consideration. 203.87.133.166 (talk) 16:00, 7 August 2018 (UTC)

Fixing article
Notifying as the main contributors. What are the plans for this article? Really this article would be split into years, but some of these new articles would be infeasibly small while others would be quite substantial themselves. I think we may just split the largest years for now, but I'd like to hear if there are any plans for this article, if any. Onetwothreeip (talk) 03:29, 28 May 2019 (UTC)
 * (comment) I don't look at this article much, but I have a couple of comments:
 * If the concern is displayed article length, I'd consider eliminating the Notable laws section. The stated criteria for determining notability here are (1) having been mentioned in Wikipedia and (2) being otherwise notable. I don't know what the criteria are for being otherwise notable, but I've never had any reason to look at this section.
 * I think splitting by years would be a detriment. I usually come to this article with an RA number in mind which I'm looking for info about. Having to go on to another article from this one because the law I'm interested in happens to fall in a split-out year would be an annoyance. If I have a list of several RA numbers I'm looking for info about and those RAs happen to fall into separate years, it would be a large annoyance.
 * Wtmitchell (talk) (earlier Boracay Bill) 09:47, 28 May 2019 (UTC)
 * It depends how much detail there is for each year. If it's the same level of detail for every year as for 2009, there would really be no other option. The article itself only goes back to laws from 2000, so it has much more room to expand within its scope. I completely agree with your criteria for the notable laws section. Onetwothreeip (talk) 02:22, 29 May 2019 (UTC)
 * Hi First of all, this article is where all my contribution to Wikipedia is concentrated being just a simple task of listing laws from the Congress' online archive while "standardizing" the language in here in Wikipedia. I just hope that by using a "uniform" language for each "type" of law helps viewers of this article especially when sorting the tables especially while Duterte is aiming for federalism. I really have no "clear" "intended" plans for this article except continuing the process I have started until at least as far back as the Cory Aquino years wherever available in the Congress archive in their website. I am afraid I will mostly depend on online non-governmental websites (with questionable content) going past the Cory years. I am just a bit busy sometimes with some short term freelancing gigs. I use a desktop to view and edit this article so I am not really sure how users using the mobile site wants in terms of the presentation of this page - the "affected municipalities/cities" and the "affected provinces" columns can be as short as a single word and can be as long as being a list of all provinces of the Visayas or Luzon or Mindanao. But I hope that my choice of using this columns are understood by the users. I also choose creating tables for each year because that is how most of us see time and history, particularly. But there is an option of creating separate tables for each Congress like what is done (in a separate article) here: Laws of the 13th Congress of the Philippines. I am not sure which would be preferred by users. So, I am not sure whether putting all the archive of R.A.s from the Cory years to the present in a single table, or putting them on tables by year, or tables for each different Congress. I can also understand the existence of a "notable laws" table as long as they serve to highlight the more-or-less the more "significant" laws that has nationwide "significance" (if you get what I mean by that vague language) but as of now, I notice that the "notable laws" section in some years are haphazard collection without any centralized curation or moderation - this is one of the main reasons why I have started contributing to this article. In short, I have really no clear idea of the best presentation for this content. I have an idea though how to enrich the "bare bones" structure the current presentation has now with the table of contents high above pointing to hidden tables of content for each year - by adding an always open table of "significant/notable" laws of national importance for each year first, followed by a tog-gable(hidden) complete table listing all the laws passed that year. (Replace the word "year" in the last sentence with "each seated Congress") if you prefer a table for each Congress. - Joshuasevilla (talk) 18:50, 30 May 2019 (PHT)
 * I think what should happen now is that the biggest yearly sections should be split into new articles, but this doesn't have to happen all at once. The articles for laws in each Congress seem to be untenable since they're either not even close to complete, or they would be far too large if they were. In comparison the notable laws table seems to be a minor issue but generally we should remove all laws that don't have their own Wikipedia articles from that table, although they can be added again if an article for that law arises or if there is something appropriate to link it to. Most importantly I think you can just take your time and contribute to these articles on whatever basis is comfortable. Onetwothreeip (talk) 03:55, 1 June 2019 (UTC)

NEED INFO (???)
This edit caught my eye. Editing the article, I see a lot of instances of "(NEED INFO)". I have no idea what this is all about, but it strikes me that these do not belong in an encyclopedia article. I see that this apparently started with this April 2019 edit. Here, I've added info from this source to one instance of this which was sorely in need of info, but most of the other instances of this baffle me. Could some regular editor of this article please take a look at this? Thanks. Wtmitchell (talk) (earlier Boracay Bill) 11:06, 20 April 2020 (UTC)

Barangay compliance to National laws and issuancesnces
Philippine laws and issuances 49.147.200.165 (talk) 01:25, 23 March 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of Philippine laws


text:
User talk:AntiEverything

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title: User talk:AntiEverything