text:
Combat (French Resistance)

Combat was a large movement in the French Resistance created in the non-occupied zone of France during the World War II (1939–1945).

Combat was one of the eight great resistance movements which constituted the Conseil national de la Résistance.

Combat's development
Combat, also known under its former name National Liberation Movement (France) (MLN), was active both in the unoccupied zone in southern France and in the occupied north.

Birth and growth
Combat was created in August 1940 in Lyon by Henri Frenay, supported by Berty Albrecht. Through a system of regional heads, he spread the movement through six regions within the free zone: New regions appeared later, particularly in the north of France (e.g. Jura and Brittany).
 * Lyon (10 départements)................... (R1) led jointly by Marcel Peck and André Plaisantin
 * Marseille (7 départements)............... (R2)
 * Montpellier (6 départements)............ (R3)
 * Toulouse (9 départements)............... (R4)
 * Limoges (9 départements)................ (R5), led until 1943 by Edmond Michelet
 * Clermont-Ferrand (5 départements)... (R6)

Little by little, the MLN (subsequently renamed the Mouvement de Libération Française), merged with other smaller networks in the regions where it took root. On merging with the Liberté network at the end of 1941, the movement took on the name of Combat. At this point, however, Combat took a Gaullist approach, causing a split with other networks which tended towards Philippe Pétain. The break caused Combat's sources of information to be diminished somewhat. A satellite organization by the name of Combat Zone nord, was also created in the occupied zone, specifically in Paris. The organiser was Robert Guédon, called Robert. Combat Zone nord proved to be quite active, quickly growing its network into several regions of the occupied zone such as the Nord-Pas-de-Calais.

Initial obstacles
Among the initial Combat members planted in the occupied zone, there was an agent of the Abwehr, Henri Devillers, involved in linking and communications between the parts of the movement in the free and occupied zones. Jean-Paul Lien, another member of combat, learned about Devilliers' treachery by accident from two German agents. Lien alerted Henri Frenay, who had no power to stop Devilliers. 47 members of Combat were arrested, 31 by the Gestapo and 16 by the French police, of whom only two would be released. They were tried by the Volkgerichthof (people's tribunal) and 23 were sentenced to death; this was referred to as the affaire Continent. The movement was completely disbanded in the occupied zone between the end of 1941 and the beginning of 1942. Frenay decided not to rebuild there but to concentrate all his efforts in the free zone. A new movement was born from the ashes of Combat Zone nord, Ceux de la Résistance, founded by[Jacques Lecompte-Boine].

Frenay also declined repeated offers to put himself at the service of the Deuxième Bureau of the Vichy Regime or of the Intelligence service of London, preferring to keep his independence and continue to fight for France alone rather than a foreign power.

In the beginning of summer 1942, another network called Carte, which was directly linked to the British Special Operations Executive and therefore better armed at that time than the other French networks in the free zone, took over two of Combat's groups on the Côte d'Azur. Frenay sent a message to the SOE asking them to stop taking his teams away from him. It did not happen again. This may have been due to the displeasure expressed by Frenay in his message, or alternatively to the invasion of the free zone by the Germans a few months later.

1943
After the Allies landed in North Africa, the Germans invaded the free zone. This plunged Combat undercover, since they now had to deal with the well-organised Gestapo. Secrecy and security measures were reinforced. Messages were encrypted, rendezvous locations were specified by letters and generally were moved to outside Lyon, which became by degrees the capital of the French resistance. Arrests took place from February onwards, followed by escapes. Combat was infiltrated by Gestapo and Abwehr agents.

In January, the idea of amalgamating the three big resistance movements of the south (Combat, Libération and Franc-tireurs) gradually gained ground, culminating between February and March in Mouvements Unis de la Résistance (MUR). The steering committee of each movement lost much of its importance. Combat was represented on the steering committee of the MUR by Frenay, who was also the commissioner on military affairs of the three networks. The press of the three movements remained independent, and Combat's newspaper continued to exist in its own right. Combat's structure was unchanged by its affiliation to the MUR; it retained a steering committee, and branches for political and military affairs among others.

Internal organisation
Combat was led by a steering committee, over which Frenay permanently presided. In March 1943, the other five members were Georges Bidault, Claude Bourdet, Maurice Chevance, Alfred Coste-Floret, François de Menthon (former head of Liberté), et Pierre-Henri Teitgen. In January 1943, Combat contained a total of 14 specialised services and more than 100 permanent agents, paid by the network.

The network was split into four branches:
 * External relations, led by Pierre de Bénouville. This oversaw a delegation to Switzerland, relations with the United States of America and the British services. The external relations branch became indispensable at the start of 1943, when Combat needed money and armaments which the English were slow in providing. One member of the branch, Phillippe Monod, made contact with the American Office of Strategic Services in Switzerland to procure these. The external branch became larger and more organized. The American OSS promised to give aid to the French resistance in the future, but this promise was not followed up after the British embassy opposed it, and General Charles de Gaulle forbade any further discussion on the matter.
 * Military affairs, led by Maurice Chevance, included the Groupes Francs of Jacques Renouvin, the Armée secrète, the Maquis, and the Sabotage-Fer led by René Hardy.
 * Political affairs, led by Claude Bourdet, oversaw propaganda, the information service of Jean Gemahling.
 * The general secretariat, led by Berty Albrecht, was in charge of general services including lodging, false papers, finance and the service sociale (the service social was established in 1941, and allocated a small pension, income, goods and food to the families of resistance members who had been captured.)

Initially Combat was mainly financed through gifts coming from all over France, solicited by Frenay from high-ranking members of society. This situation changed quickly, however, and soon most resources were provided from London, through the agency of Jean Moulin. At the beginning of 1943, the money received by Combat from London went up to five million Francs, of which Libération received 1.5 million, and Franc-Tireur, just under a million.

Moulin tried to separate the different activities of the network, particularly the information and the Choc (shock, heavy military operations), following directions given to him in London. He finally won his case when the MUR was created.

The secret press
The activities of Combat originally revolved around the dispersal of information using secret newspapers. These pieces of information were provided to Frenay initially from army offices, then, after the disbandment of the French army, from the Deuxième Bureau of the Vichy regime. Combat quickly distanced itself from Vichy, after which information was gathered through various resistance groups with which Combat had links. These pieces of information fed into newspapers which were published from time to time. In the beginning Frenay mainly distributed bulletins in army offices; these bulletins stopped after the army broke up.

In the occupied zone, the newspaper Les Petites Ailes du Nord et du Pas-de-Calais (little wings of the North and Pas-de-Calais) appeared. In time it became Les Petites Ailes de France, then Résistance. In the free zone, an underground newspaper was established, modelled on Petites Ailes de France. Its name was Vérités (Truths). Vérité (Truth) had been considered for the name, but was judged too philosophical; according to Frenay, the truth was difficult, if not impossible to express. After the merger of Combat with Liberté, Vérités was scuttled and its place taken by a new newspaper bearing the name of the network, Combat.

Other small journals also saw the light of day, but gradually separated from the Combat movement. Examples are Veritas (French newspaper) and the Catholic-oriented Témoignage chrétien] (Christian witness notebooks). These journals, particularly the important ones, contained propaganda articles against the Vichy regime, which revealed and criticised the actions of the government and state apparatus, as well as substantive pieces dealing with e.g. Nazism or collaboration. Frenay generally constructed the editorial of the Combat newspaper in person, until he joined de Gaulle in Algeria. The subtitle of the Combat newspaper was Organe du Mouvement de la Libération Française, accompanied by a quote from Georges Clemenceau: "Dans la guerre comme dans la paix, le dernier mot est à ceux qui ne se rendent jamais." (In war as in peace, the last word is theirs that never surrender). In 1943, a section Attentats (attacks) was added to the paper; it contained a list of the paramilitary operations of Combat.

The first issue of the Combat newspaper appeared in late 1941 in Lyon, with a press run of 10,000. André Bollier replaced Martinet, the initial printer for the movement. He distributed the printing across 14 presses in the free zone, thus reducing the need for transporting papers from Lyon, and allowing the run to be increased. In May 1944, the newspaper had a run of 250,000. Bollier was also responsible for printing Défense de la France (the future France-Soir), Action (a paper with communist sympathy), the first issues of Témoignage chrétien, and certain issues of the Franc-Tireur paper and La Voix du Nord.

Information
Alongside the underground press activities, information was sent to London by circuitous routes. These operations were directed by Jean Gemahling, from Alsace. The Noyautage des administrations publiques (infiltration of public services) was also established, with the original aim of recruiting public figures who would be able to assure the return of the republic after the Vichy regime fell. However, the NAP gradually changed direction and allowing itself necessary cooperation with public services and the ability to obtain basic information about German army movements. The NAP-police were created, whose members would warn their comrades about forthcoming arrests. Another branch, the NAP-fer led by René Hardy, provided the Groupes Francs with schedules of German supply trains from 1943. The NAP also operated within the customs service.

The Groupes de Choc
The Groupes de Choc were set up, generally specializing in attacks against collaborators and shopkeepers who sold collaborationist papers like the Nazi magazine Signal (the shops of the latter were generally blown up). From 1942 onwards the GC gradually merged into the Armée secrète which was assimilating by degrees the various paramilitary groups of Combat, Libération and Franc-Tireur. This merging was encouraged by Frenay and Moulin, who wanted the operations of the GC remained separate from any intelligence and propaganda activities. For this reason, the leadership of the Armée Secrète was not conferred upon Frenay as he had initially wanted (his movement being more significant than the other two members of the MUR) but rather upon the division general Charles Delestraint, who was recruited by the chef de Combat.

The Sabotage and Maquis sections were added to the network in 1943.

Groupes Francs
Frenay put Jacques Renouvin in charge of mounting Groupes Francs, mobile armed squads, in each of the six regions covered by the network. They were organised in the Choc branch of the network. They worked independently of the Armée Secrète but in contact with it to organise their operations and provide intelligence.

The Groupes Frances organised their operations on their own initiative, following the general framework which was given them. They communicated the results of their operations to the steering committee.

Before November 1942, the operations of the Groupes Francs were similar to those of the Groups de Choc. They were responsible for obtaining their own arms from supply dumps or police posts, and making their own explosives or stealing them from mines.

After the German invasion of the free zone in November 1942, the Groups Francs changed their operations style. They were ordered to attack trains containing German soldiers or going to Germany, to sabotage railway lines, to destroy arms factories and dumps and to assassinate Gestapo agents. The GF were supplied and armed by Britain through parachute dumps which provided them with Sten guns, pistols, ammunition, explosives, grenades and other equipment.

The GF also organised escapes for captured resistance fighters such as that of Paul Reynaud (planned and prepared but never executed) and the successful escape of Berty Albrecht who was being held at the Lyon-Bron psychiatric hospital.

In January 1943, Jacques Renouvin, was arrested by the Gestapo getting off a train. He was held in Fresnes prison. A commando raid was mounted to free him but all its members were arrested. Renouvin was deported to Mauthausen concentration camp where he died. He was replaced as head of the GF by a member of Libération.

The Maquis
In 1943 the steering committee of Combat learned that refugees from the Service du travail obligatoire forced labour had fled to Haute-Savoie and the Maquis had been created in the mountainous massifs. The service Maquis was established in Combat's Military affairs branch with the aim of helping all those who had "taken the maquis" to survive and to fight, and of providing them lives and armaments, and of integrating them into Combat's network. While the objective for Combat was to develop, oversee and organise these armed groups, there were some divisions relating to this at the heart of the MUR; some, like Charles Delestraint, saw the Maquis as actual pockets of resistance within French territory, whereas others like Frenay saw them as armed bands operating by ambush and disappearing once their mission was accomplished.

Political orientation and activities
Combat had Christian-conservative and Gaullist political leanings. Its founder, Henri Frenay, was a staunch right-winger and anti-Communist. Among his deputies, Renouvin and Bénouville had been active in the far-right Action Française. Bénouville, a Catholic monarchist, had left AF for the secret terrorist network La Cagoule in 1934. In Montpellier, Combat members painted the words "I would never have collaborated!" on the base of the Statue of Louis XIV in Montpellier in the promenade du Peyrou.

The Montpellier leaders of Combat, Courtin and Teitgen, were involved in organising the Comité Général d'Etudes, which acted as an underground Conseil d'État.

After liberation, several members of Combat (Bidault, Menthon, Teitgen) formed the Christian democratic party Popular Republican Movement as a pro-Gaullist counterweight to French Communist Party on 26 November 1944, with Bidault as its first leader. The MRP became the main party of the right, linked with the international social Catholic movement and opposed in its pursuit of European integration to the influence of both the Soviet Union and the United States. It pursued hardline colonial policies in Vietnam and Algeria on the basis of French national interests, and refused to invite international military assistance. Bidault went further than his party in his support for French Algeria by allegedly enlisting in the OAS. Bénouville, who followed a different political path in the Gaullist Rally of the French People and its successors Union for the New Republic and Union of Democrats for the Republic, similarly backed the Algerian ultras by joining Jacques Soustelle's Union pour le salut et le renouveau de l'Algérie française in 1958. He later praised António de Oliveira Salazar as the "wise man of the West".

Some members of Combat

 * Berty Albrecht, chargé of the General Secretariat Général and Henri Frenay's girlfriend
 * Pierre de Bénouville, (Lahire), director of external relations
 * Jean-Guy Bernard, general secretary of Combat
 * Georges Bidault, member of the Combat steering committee
 * Claude Bourdet, political adjunct
 * Albert Camus, philosopher, author, dramatist, and journalist
 * Maurice Chevance (Barrioz-Bertin), military adjunct
 * Alfred Coste-Floret, member of Combat steering committee
 * René Courtin, leader of Combat in Montpellier with Pierre-Henri Teitgen
 * Benjamin Crémieux, (Lamy), organised information network from Marseille
 * Marcel Degliame
 * Henri Devillers, member of Combat-zone north, double agent of the Abwehr
 * Jacques Dhont
 * Antoinette Feuerwerker, educator and jurist, wife of David Feuerwerker
 * David Feuerwerker, rabbi of Brive (Corrèze, Creuse, Lot)
 * Henri Frenay, founder of the network
 * Lieutenant Pierre de Froment (Deblé), member of Combat-zone north

 * Jean Gemähling
 * Robert Guédon (Robert), chief of Combat-zone north
 * René Hardy
 * Achille Lacroix, Mayor of the town of Narbonne
 * Jean-Paul Lien
 * François de Menthon, head of the Liberté network which merged with Combat in 1941
 * Edmond Michelet, with David and antoinette Feuerwerk
 * Philippe Monod, member of the delegation of Combat to Switzerland
 * Marcel Peck, regional chief of R1
 * André Plaisantin, regional chief of R1
 * Joseph-Paul Rambaud, former senator for l'Ariège
 * Jacques Renouvin, organiser of the Groupes Francs
 * Jane Sivadon (Jeannette), member of Combat-zone north
 * Pierre-Henri Teitgen, member of Combat steering committee
 * Rose Warfman (Rose Gluck), nurse, deportee, Auschwitz survivor, with Edmond Michelet

and many others.

title: Combat (French Resistance)


text:
User:John Z/drafts/References

Hanoch Bartov, in his new, enlarged edition of David (nicknamed "Dado") Elazar's biography

A - M

 * Chomsky, Noam. The Fateful Triangle: The United States, Israel and the Palestinians. Rev. ed. (South End Press, 1999), ISBN 0896081877.

 * Richard Ben Cramer, How Israel Lost: The Four Questions, Simon and Schuster, May, 2004, hardcover, 288 pages, ISBN 0743250281

 * David, Ron. Arabs & Israel for Beginners (Writers and Readers Publishing, Inc. 1996), ISBN: 0863161618

 * Dershowitz, Alan. The Case for Israel, ISBN 0471679526

 * Enderlin, Charles. Shattered Dreams: The Failure of the Peace Process in the Middle East, 1995-2002. (Other Press, 2003), ISBN: 1590510607

 * Finkelstein, Norman. Image and Reality of the Israel-Palestine Conflict. 2nd ed. (Verso, 2003), ISBN: 1859844421 2nd ed. introduction

 * Fraser, T. G. The Arab–Israeli Conﬂict. 2nd ed. (Palgrave Macmillan, 2004), ISBN: 1403913382

 * Gilbert, M. (1998). Israel: A History. London, Black Swan.

 * Dore Gold, Tower Of Babble: How The United Nations Has Fueled Global Chaos, Random House (November, 2004), hardcover, 304 pages, ISBN 1400054753

 * Harms, Gregory with Todd M. Ferry. The Palestine-Israel Conflict: A Basic Introduction (Pluto Press, 2005), ISBN: 0745323782

 * Harkabi, Y. (1989). Israel's Fateful Hour. New York, NY: Harper & Row. ISBN 0060916133

Which vol?

 * Morris, B. (2001), Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict, 1881-2001, 1st ed. 1999; 2nd ed. Vintage Books, 2001, ISBN 0679744754

N - Z

 * Online edition

 * Pearlman, Wendy. Occupied Voices: Stories of Everyday Life from the Second Intifada, ISBN 1560255307.

 * Reinhart, Tanya. Israel/Palestine: How to End the War of 1948 (Seven Stories Press, 2002), ISBN: 1583225382

 * Ross, Dennis. "The Missing Peace: The Inside Story of the fight for Middle East Peace", ISBN 0374199736

 * Safran, Nadav. The United States and Israel, ISBN 0674924908.

 * Sayigh, Y. (1999). Armed Struggle and the Search for State: The Palestinian National Movement, 1949-1993. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0198296436

 * Smith, Charles D. Palestine and the Arab–Israeli Conﬂict. 5th ed. (Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2004), ISBN: 0312404085

 * Stein, Leonard, The Balfour Declaration (London, Valentine Mitchell, 1961)

 * [out of print]

 * Tessler, Mark. A History of the Israeli–Palestinian Conﬂict (Indiana University Press, 1994), ISBN: 0253208734

 * Thomas, Baylis. How Israel Was Won (Lexington Books, 1999), ISBN: 0739100645

Entire at Googlebooks

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0871692120 0788106058  0876092229  9280810650 0788100297

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title: User:John Z/drafts/References


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Talk:A Lot About Livin' (And a Little 'bout Love)

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"Acoustic slide guitar"
In the Personnel section, Robbie Flint is listed as playing an "acoustic slide guitar." Would this be a dobro? If so, then dobro should be listed as his instrument. The phrase "acoustic slide guitar" can be retained in parentheses to briefly describe the instrument for readers who may not be familiar with it. Comments? Erzahler (talk) 00:11, 23 May 2020 (UTC)


text: Talk:A Lot of Little Lies for the Sake of One Big Truth


text: Category:Iranian film score composers

title: Category:Iranian film score composers


text:
Talk:Demographic transition

First paragraph
''the term demographic transition is used to describe the transition from high birth rates and death rates to low birth and death rates that occurs as part of the economic development of a country from a pre-industrial to an industrialized economy. Usually it is described through the "Demographic Transition Model" that describes the population changes over time.''

replace this clunky def with something better someone!

Role of contraception
In developing countries today access to contraceptives to prevent AIDS

Dont know if this is such an "important factor" in stage two as the article boldly asserts. Anyone know?? I thought data on the sucess or otherwise of AIDS prevention through contraception is unclear at best yet alone the correlation it has on econ development. Suggest this is deleted.

Economic burden of oldies
The large group born during stage two ages creates an economic burden on the shrinking working population

Not happy with the use of the word "burden", but im no economist so I dont want to change anything! The problem is institutional not a resource one ie the ratio of healthy working years to disabled years has not necessarily changed. Thanks for the input!

The demographic transition process
For the each stage of demographic process which is not closely related to significant economy evolution events,such as industrial revolution,Information and automation revolution.These events deeply influence the demographic transition process. Thanks for the input.

title: Talk:Demographic transition


text:
Talk:A Lump of Coal

Fair use rationale for Image:Alumpofcoal.jpg
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title: Talk:A Lump of Coal


text:
User:Astorknlam/Favourite People

19 nominations

 * Meryl Streep (5 wins)
 * The Deer Hunter (1978, supp.), Kramer vs. Kramer (1979, supp.), The French Lieutenant's Woman (1981, drama lead), Sophie's Choice (1982, drama lead), Silkwood (1983, drama lead), Out of Africa (1985, drama lead), Evil Angels (1988, drama lead), She-Devil (1989, musical/comedy lead), Postcards from the Edge (1990, musical/comedy lead), Death Becomes Her (1992, musical/comedy lead), The River Wild (1994, drama lead), The Bridges of Madison County (1995, drama lead), Marvin's Room (1996, drama lead), One True Thing (1998, drama lead), Music of the Heart (1999, drama lead), The Hours (2002, drama lead), Adaptation. (supp.), The Manchurian Candidate (2004, supp.), The Devil Wears Prada (2006, musical/comedy lead)

17 nominations

 * Jack Nicholson (6 wins)
 * Easy Rider (1969, supp.), Five Easy Pieces (1970, drama lead), Carnal Knowledge (1971, drama lead), The Last Detail (1973, drama lead), Chinatown (1974, drama lead), One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975, drama lead), Reds (1981, supp.), Terms of Endearment (1983, supp.), Prizzi's Honor (1985, musical/comedy lead), Ironweed (1987, drama lead), Batman (1989, musical/comedy lead), A Few Good Men (1992, supp.), Hoffa (1992, drama lead), As Good as It Gets (1997, musical/comedy lead), About Schmidt (2002, drama lead), Something's Gotta Give (2003, musical/comedy lead), The Departed (2006, supp.)

15 nominations

 * Shirley MacLaine (4 wins)
 * Some Came Running (1959, drama lead), Ask Any Girl (1960, musical/comedy lead), The Apartment (1961, musical/comedy lead), The Children's Hour (1962, drama lead), Irma la Douce (1964, musical/comedy lead), Gambit (1967, musical/comedy lead), Woman Times Seven (1968, musical/comedy lead), Sweet Charity (1970, musical/comedy lead), Being There (1980, musical/comedy lead), Terms of Endearment (1984, drama lead), Madame Sousatzka (1989, drama lead), Postcards from the Edge (1991, supp.), Used People (1993, musical/comedy lead), Guarding Tess (1995, musical/comedy lead), In Her Shoes (2006, supp.)

13 nominations

 * Al Pacino (2 wins)
 * The Godfather (1973, drama lead), Serpico (1974, drama lead), The Godfather: Part II (1975, drama lead), Dog Day Afternoon (1976, drama lead), Bobby Deerfield (1978, drama lead), ...And Justice for All. (1980, drama lead), Author! Author! (1983, musical/comedy lead), Scarface (1984, drama lead), Sea of Love (1990, drama lead), Dick Tracy (1991, supp.), The Godfather: Part III (1991, drama lead), Glengarry Glen Ross (1993, supp.), Scent of a Woman (1993, drama lead)

9 nominations

 * Michael Caine (2 wins)
 * Gambit (1967, musical/comedy lead), Alfie (1967, drama lead), Sleuth (1973, drama lead), Educating Rita (1984, musical/comedy lead), Hannah and Her Sisters (1987, supp.), Dirty Rotten Scoundrels (1989, musical/comedy lead), Little Voice (1999, musical/comedy lead), The Cider House Rules (2000, supp.), The Quiet American (2003, drama lead)

 * Audrey Hepburn (1 win)
 * Roman Holiday (1954, drama lead), War and Peace (1957, drama lead), Love in the Afternoon (1958, musical/comedy lead), The Nun's Story (1960, drama lead), Breakfast at Tiffany's (1962, musical/comedy lead), Charade (1964, musical/comedy lead), My Fair Lady (1965, musical/comedy lead), Two for the Road (1968, musical/comedy lead), Wait Until Dark (1968, drama lead)

8 nominations

 * Robert De Niro (1 win)
 * Taxi Driver (1977, drama lead), New York, New York (1978, musical/comedy lead), The Deer Hunter (1979, drama lead), Raging Bull (1981, drama lead), Midnight Run (1989, musical/comedy lead), Cape Fear (1992, drama lead), Analyze This (2000, musical/comedy lead), Meet the Parents (2001, musical/comedy lead)

 * Diane Keaton (2 wins)
 * Looking for Mr. Goodbar (1978, drama lead), Annie Hall (1978, musical/comedy lead), Reds (1982, drama lead), Shoot the Moon (1983, drama lead), Mrs. Soffel (1985, drama lead), Baby Boom (1988, musical/comedy lead), Manhattan Murder Mystery (1994, musical/comedy lead), Something's Gotta Give (2004, musical/comedy lead)

 * Peter O'Toole (3 wins)
 * Lawrence of Arabia (1962, drama lead), Becket (1964, drama lead), The Lion in Winter (1965, drama lead), Goodbye, Mr. Chips (1969, musical/comedy lad), Man of La Mancha (1972, musical/comedy lead), The Stunt Man (1980, drama lead), My Favorite Year (1982, musical/comedy lead), Venus (2006, drama lead)

 * Robin Williams (3 wins)
 * Moscow on the Hudson (1985, musical/comedy lead), Good Morning, Vietnam (1988, musical/comedy lead), Dead Poets Society (1990, drama lead), Awakenings (1991, drama lead), The Fisher King (1992, musical/comedy lead), Mrs. Doubtfire (1995, comedy/musical lead), Good Will Hunting (1998, supp.), Patch Adams (1999, musical/comedy lead)

7 nominations

 * Ingrid Bergman (3 wins)
 * Gaslight (1945, drama lead), The Bells of St. Mary's (1946, drama lead), Anastasia (1957, drama lead), The Inn of the Sixth Happiness (1959, drama lead), Indiscreet (1959, musical/comedy lead), Cactus Flower (1970, musical/comedy lead), Höstsonaten (1979, drama lead)

 * Johnny Depp (0 wins)
 * Edward Scissorhands (1990, musical/comedy lead), Benny & Joon (1993, musical or comedy lead), Ed Wood (1994, musical/comedy lead), Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl (2003, musical/comedy lead), Finding Neverland (2004, drama lead), Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (2005, musical/comedy lead), Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest (2006, musical/comedy lead)

 * Albert Finney (1 win)
 * Tom Jones (1964, musical/comedy lead), Scrooge (1971, musical/comedy lead), Shoot the Moon (1983, drama lead), The Dresser (1981, drama lead), Under the Volcano (1985, drama lead), Erin Brockovich (2001, supp.), Big Fish (2004, supp.)

 * Katharine Hepburn (0 wins)
 * Pat and Mike (1953, musical/comedy lead), The Rainmaker (1957, drama lead), Suddenly, Last Summer (1960, drama lead), Long Day's Journey Into Night (1963, drama lead), Guess Who's Coming to Dinner (1968, drama lead), The Lion in Winter (1969, drama lead), On Golden Pond (1982, drama lead)

 * Nicole Kidman (3 wins)
 * Billy Bathgate (1991, supp.), To Die For (1995, musical/comedy lead), Moulin Rouge! (2001, musical/comedy lead), The Others (2001, drama lead), The Hours (2002, drama lead), Cold Mountain (2003, drama lead), Birth (2004, drama lead)

 * Susan Sarandon (0 wins)
 * Bull Durham (1989, musical/comedy lead), White Palace (1991, drama lead), Thelma & Louise (1992, drama lead), Lorenzo's Oil (1993, drama lead), Dead Man Walking (1996, drama lead), Stepmom (1999, drama lead), Igby Goes Down (2003, supp.)

6 nominations

 * Marlon Brando (2 wins)
 * On the Waterfront (1955, drama lead), The Teahouse of the August Moon (1957, musical/comedy lead), Sayonara (1958, drama lead), The Ugly American (1964, drama lead), The Godfather (1973, drama lead), A Dry White Season (1990, supp.)

 * Jim Carrey (2 wins)
 * The Mask (1994, musical or comedy lead), Liar Liar (1997, musical/comedy lead),  The Truman Show  (1998, drama lead),  Man on the Moon  (1999, musical or comedy lead), How the Grinch Stole Christmas (2000, musical/comedy lead), Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind (2004, musical/comedy lead)

 * Tom Cruise (3 wins)
 * Risky Business (1983, musical/comedy lead),  Born on the Fourth of July  (1989, drama lead), A Few Good Men (1992, drama lead),  Jerry Maguire  (1996, musical/comedy lead),  Magnolia  (1999, supp.), The Last Samurai (2003, drama lead)

 * Judi Dench (1 win)
 * Mrs Brown (1998, drama lead), Shakespeare in Love (1999, supp.), Chocolat (2001, supp.), Iris (2002, supp.), Mrs Henderson Presents (2006, musical/comedy lead), Notes on a Scandal (2007, drama lead)

 * Leonardo DiCaprio (1 win)
 * What's Eating Gilbert Grape (1993, supp.), Titanic (1997, drama lead), Catch Me If You Can (2002, drama lead),  The Aviator  (2004, drama lead), Blood Diamond (2006, drama lead), The Departed (2006, drama lead)

 * Tom Hanks (4 wins)
 *  Big  (1988, musical/comedy lead),  Philadelphia  (1993, drama lead), Sleepless in Seattle (1993, musical/comedy lead),  Forrest Gump  (1994, drama lead), Saving Private Ryan (1998, drama lead),  Cast Away  (2000, drama lead)

 * Michelle Pfeiffer (1 win)
 * Married to the Mob (1988, musical/comedy lead), The Fabulous Baker Boys (1989, drama lead), The Russia House (1990, drama lead), Frankie and Johnny (1991, musical/comedy lead), Love Field (1992, drama lead), The Age of Innocence (1993, drama lead)

 * Maggie Smith (2 wins)
 * Othello (1966, drama lead), The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie (1970, drama lead), Travels with My Aunt (1973, musical/comedy lead), California Suite (1979, musical/comedy lead), A Room with a View (1987, supp.), Gosford Park (2002, supp.)

 * Renée Zellweger (3 wins)
 *  Nurse Betty  (2000, supp.), Bridget Jones's Diary (2001, musical/comedy lead),  Chicago  (2002, musical or comedy lead),  Cold Mountain  (2003, supp.), Bridget Jones: The Edge of Reason (2004, musical/comedy lead), Miss Potter (2006, musical/comedy lead)

5 nominations

 * Anette Bening (1 win)
 * Bugsy (1991, drama lead), The American President (1995, musical/comedy lead), American Beauty (1999, drama lead),  Being Julia  (2004, musical/comedy lead), Running with Scissors (2006, musical/comedy lead)

 * Cate Blanchett (1 win)
 * Elizabeth (1998, drama lead), Bandits (2001, musical/comedy lead), Veronica Guerin (2003, drama lead), The Aviator (2004 supp.), Notes on a Scandal (2006, supp.)

 * Russell Crowe (1 win)
 * The Insider (1999, drama lead), Gladiator (2000, drama lead),  A Beautiful Mind  (2001, drama lead), Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World (2003, drama lead), Cinderella Man (2005, drama lead)

 * Jodie Foster (2 wins)
 * Freaky Friday (1977, musical/comedy lead), The Accused (1989, drama lead), The Silence of the Lambs (1992, drama lead), Nell (1995, drama lead), Contact (1998, drama lead)

 * Cary Grant (0 wins)
 * Indiscreet (1959, musical/comedy lead), Operation Petticoat (1960, musical/comedy lead), The Grass Is Greener (1961, musical/comedy lead), That Touch of Mink (1963, musical/comedy lead), Charade (1964, musical/comedy lead)

 * Laurence Olivier (2 wins)
 * Hamlet (1949, drama lead), Spartacus (1961, drama lead), Sleuth (1973, drama lead), Marathon Man (1977, supp.), A Little Romance (1980, supp.)

 * Gregory Peck (2 wins)
 * The Yearling (1947, drama lead), To Kill a Mockingbird (1963, drama lead), Captain Newman, M.D. (1964, drama lead), MacArthur (1978, drama lead), The Boys from Brazil (1979, drama lead)

 * Julia Roberts (3 wins)
 *  Steel Magnolias  (1989, supp.),  Pretty Woman  (1990, musical/comedy lead), My Best Friend's Wedding (1997, musical/comedy lead), Notting Hill (1999, musical/comedy lead),  Erin Brockovich  (2000, drama lead)

 * John Travolta (1 win)
 * Saturday Night Fever (1978, musical/comedy lead), Grease (1979, musical/comedy lead), Pulp Fiction (1995, drama lead), Get Shorty (1996, musical/comedy lead), Primary Colors (1999, musical/comedy lead)

 * Denzel Washington (2 wins)
 * Cry Freedom (1988, drama lead), Glory (1990, supp.), Malcolm X (1993, drama lead), The Hurricane (2000, drama lead), Training Day (2002, drama lead)

 * Sigourney Weaver (2 wins)
 * Aliens (1986, drama lead), Gorillas in the Mist: The Story of Dian Fossey (1988, drama lead), Working Girl (1988, supp.), The Ice Storm (1997, supp.), A Map of the World (1999, drama lead)

 * Kate Winslet (0 wins)
 * Sense and Sensibility (1995, supp.), Titanic (1997, drama lead), Iris (2001, supp.), Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind (2004, musical/comedy lead), Little Children (2006, drama lead)

title: User:Astorknlam/Favourite People


text:
Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Demographic transition/archive1

Demographic transition
Good article on an important topic in human geography. 70.57.82.114 03:49, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Object. It needs sources, the copyright of the images needs to be clear. Zscout370 (Sound Off) 03:54, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment, good article, may be a tad too short, but does indeed need sources. Phoenix2 05:01, August 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Object. As Phoenix2 said, it is well written and a very interesting subject, but a little short. Detailed summaries of stage 1 and 4 (to me the most interesting stages) are necessary. At the moment it simply covers the process of the transition, are there many theories related to it? Are there any examples counter to it? Any cultural references to it? Does the theory have a history? (an example containing no truth: "The works of Aristotle contain the first known reference to a notion of 'cultural transition'"). --Oldak Quill 12:06, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * VICIOUSLY STRONG OBJECT. This article does a pretty crummy job for a FA. There's almost no description of anything important. And there's no way that an article can possibly be feautured if it doesn't include all the important parts (1, 4)... and the sections on 2 and 3 are too short. There's also no description or even a mention of stage 5 (which Russia is entering), where population starts to decrease because of an ever-lowering birth rate (and as the population ages, a corresponding rise in the death rate). No way in the world should this come within a mile of FA status as written. --Matt Yeager 23:37, August 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Object. Detail stage 1 and 4 like you did stage 2 and 3.  I'd also like to hear about this stage 5 that Matt there says exists.  Way too short to cover a topic that's as important as you say it is.  Also, I see there's been no discussion on the talk page at all... seems pretty odd for an article wanting to be an FA.  Has this gone through peer review at all?  Give that a shot before nominating something, please. I know it doesn't always help, but it could have at least caught the fact that you really need more sections.  Fieari 21:18, August 24, 2005 (UTC)


text:
User:Laughter's no sin!

This is almost certainly one of a rather long string of sockpuppets. Jonathunder 03:50, 2005 August 22 (UTC)

title: User:Laughter's no sin!


text:
Charles Brooks Jr.

Charles Brooks Jr. (September 1, 1942 – December 7, 1982), also known as Shareef Ahmad Abdul-Rahim, was a convicted murderer who was the first person to be executed using lethal injection. He was the first prisoner executed in Texas since 1964, and the first African-American to be executed anywhere in the United States in the post-Gregg era.

Early life
Brooks was raised in a family in Fort Worth, Texas. He attended I.M. Terrell High School, where he played football.

He had served time at the United States Penitentiary, Leavenworth for illegal possession of firearms.

Crime and trial
On December 14, 1976, Brooks went to a used car lot and asked to test drive a car. The mechanic, David Gregory, accompanied him on the drive. After Brooks picked up his accomplice, Woody Loudres, they put the mechanic in the trunk of the car and Brooks and Loudres drove to a motel. There the mechanic was bound to a chair with coat hangers, gagged with tape and then shot in the head.

Neither Brooks nor Loudres would say who fired the shot and therefore the state sought the death penalty for both men. Brooks received the death sentence on April 25, 1978. Loudres also received the death penalty, but his conviction was overturned on appeal, and he entered a plea bargain in exchange for a 40-year sentence. He was paroled after serving 11 years.

Conversion to Islam and execution
The Supreme Court of the United States rejected by 6–3 a petition to grant a stay of execution. The State Board of Pardons and Paroles recommended by 2–1 that the execution proceed.

Brooks was held on death row at the Ellis Unit that housed condemned men.

After a last meal consisting of a T-bone steak, french fries, ketchup, Worcestershire sauce, biscuits, peach cobbler and iced tea, Brooks was rolled into the death chamber at the Huntsville Unit in Huntsville, Texas. There he made his final statement. Brooks had converted to Islam while in prison and said a prayer.

Brooks was executed on December 7, 1982, at the age of 40.

title: Charles Brooks Jr.


text:
Talk:Jack Johnson (album)

lineup
The liner notes to the CD say that just one lineup played on the entire album, but the All Music Guide states that there was a different lineup playing at times on the second track. Anyone want to look into that? Spartacusprime 23:01, 7 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Best place for this sort of information is the Miles Ahead database.  What that says is that "Right Off" and "Yesternow" were recorded on the 7th of April 1970 by Davis, Grossman, McLaughlin, Hancock, Henderson and Cobham.  But the issued album has bits from several other sessions inserted (including, famously, a chunk of In a Silent Way).  A lot of "Yesternow" is "Willie Nelson", recorded in Feb 1970 by Davis, Maupin, McLaughlin, Sharrock, Corea, Holland and DeJohnette. See the bottom of the page for the April session for details of timings and what comes from where. --ajn (talk) 23:16, 7 December 2005 (UTC)

New title
I bought the LP when it came out in 1970 and it was called (as apparently so was the film) plain 'Jack Johnson'. The CD has the same cover (see illustration here). Now on the internet everyone is calling in 'A Tribute to...' How & when did that creep in? Rothorpe (talk) 09:06, 4 November 2008 (UTC) - Yes, with the CD reissue: will add note. Rothorpe (talk) 01:49, 7 November 2008 (UTC)

This album has always had its current name. If you look closely it says "A Tribute to" in smaller font right above JACK JOHNSON. 75.71.228.165 (talk) 18:55, 28 December 2008 (UTC)

In the illustration, yes, but the original LP was called plain 'Jack Johnson'. I first heard the album on Willis Conover's Voice of America Jazz Hour, which I tape-recorded, and he used the simple name. Rothorpe (talk) 21:15, 28 December 2008 (UTC) - And the LP cover was grey, with, I think, black print, so this is definitely the CD we have pictured here.

Covers
You said in your previous post that the covers are the same. If you can present more evidence of a title change than the word of a radio DJ, then the note can stay. 75.71.228.165 (talk) 00:01, 29 December 2008 (UTC)

That was back in November, when all I meant was that the design is basically unchanged. I bought the LP in 1970; I still have it; it is called 'Jack Johnson', on a light blue CBS label that they used for soundtracks and classical, in contrast to the orange of other Miles releases (that's grey and red respectively for the US Columbia versions). Rothorpe (talk) 00:19, 29 December 2008 (UTC)

Interesting, and the cover also is missing "A Tribute to"? 75.71.228.165 (talk) 06:35, 30 December 2008 (UTC)

Absolutely. And, in any case, 'A Tribute to...' really wasn't Miles's style - his 'tribute' to Duke Ellington was called 'He Loved Him Madly'. Rothorpe (talk) 15:22, 30 December 2008 (UTC)

Creation of Right Off
This story of Miles walking into the studio and playing his solo is discredited by the release of the Complete Jack Johnson Sessions. One can listen to Right Off Take 10, in which one can hear Miles saying, “Alright John, play, play it up and then drop down. Bang bang bang bang.” So the story can't be true. 189.83.238.159 (talk) 14:27, 27 August 2009 (UTC)

I'd like to question the suggestion that Right Off contains a Sly Stone riff. While 'Sing a Simple song' has been sampled many times, the square funk section of Right Off, reproduced at vastly higher tempo on later live albums like Agharta, to which i imagine the currently published remark alludes, is a quite different, and far more arcane riff. So, I'd like to know whether this assertion is based on information from someone involved in the creation of the recording, or whether it's pure conjecture. "Citation needed" he cried.(81.147.177.184 (talk) 22:15, 8 January 2012 (UTC))

Columbia S 30455
For future reference, this Billboard article from 1971 is the only verification I could get for the original album cover. That is, the only contemporary source that shows either cover used in this article. Dan56 (talk) 12:58, 8 June 2013 (UTC)

 * Another one here from a book by Richard Cook. Dan56 (talk) 13:39, 8 June 2013 (UTC)

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I'm sorry - but honestly.....
It's bad enough that Robert Christgau is taken seriously on any level whatsoever, much less to the degree he is - but do we actually need his freaking PICTURE on here? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.224.75.23 (talk) 01:01, 21 February 2020 (UTC)

 * Salty... isento (talk) 00:15, 22 February 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Jack Johnson (album)


text:
Talk:A Gdje Si Ti?

Fair use rationale for Image:A gdje si ti - front cover.jpg
Image:A gdje si ti - front cover.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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title: Talk:A Gdje Si Ti?


text:
Earl of Roscommon

Earl of Roscommon was a title in the Peerage of Ireland. It was created on 5 August 1622 for James Dillon, 1st Baron Dillon. He had already been created Baron Dillon on 24 January 1619, also in the Peerage of Ireland. The fourth Earl was a courtier, poet and critic. The fifth Earl was a professional soldier, politician and courtier: he was friendly with Samuel Pepys, who refers to him several times as "Colonel Dillon" in his famous Diary. After the death of the tenth Earl, there were two prolonged investigations by the Irish House of Lords during the 1790s to ascertain the legitimacy of his son Patrick, against the rival claim by Robert Dillon, a descendant of the seventh son of the first Earl and the next male heir in line. These eventually found in Patrick's favour. The titles became dormant on the death of the eleventh Earl in 1816. However, in 1828 the United Kingdom House of Lords decided that the rightful heir to the peerages was Michael Dillon, another descendant of the seventh son of the first Earl, who became the twelfth Earl. The House of Lords decided against Francis Stephen Dillon (d 1840 ), an inmate of a debtors' prison who dubiously claimed descent from the third son of the first Earl. The titles became extinct on the death of the twelfth Earl on 15 May 1850.

The Dillon family is a widespread Old English family that descended from Sir Henry Dillon who came to Ireland with Prince John in 1185. The Dillon family held substantial lands in Meath, Westmeath, Longford and Roscommon. This family has three noble branches: The Viscounts Dillon, the Earls of Roscommon and the Barons Clonbrock.

The line of the Viscounts Dillon is the most senior of the three noble lines. The line of the Earls of Roscommon departed from this senior line with James Dillon of Proudston, the third son of Gerald Dillon of Drumrany, whereas the senior line continued with Maurice, Gerald's eldest son Sir James Dillon (died 1507), great-grandfather of the first Earl, was a distinguished judge, as were several of his descendants. The senior line became noble on 16 March 1622, about six months before the "Roscommon" line. The branch of the Barons Clonbrock departed from the line of the Earls of Roscommon at a later point.

Earls of Roscommon (1622)

 * James Dillon, 1st Earl of Roscommon (died 1641)
 * Robert Dillon, 2nd Earl of Roscommon (died 1642)
 * James Dillon, 3rd Earl of Roscommon (c. 1605 – 1649)
 * Wentworth Dillon, 4th Earl of Roscommon (c. 1630 – 1685)
 * Carey Dillon, 5th Earl of Roscommon (1627–1689)
 * Robert Dillon, 6th Earl of Roscommon (died 1715)
 * Robert Dillon, 7th Earl of Roscommon (died 1721)
 * James Dillon, 8th Earl of Roscommon (1702–1746)
 * Robert Dillon, 9th Earl of Roscommon (died 1770)
 * John Dillon, 10th Earl of Roscommon (died 1782)
 * Patrick Dillon, 11th Earl of Roscommon (1769–1816)
 * Michael James Robert Dillon, 12th Earl of Roscommon (1798–1850)
 * Famille Gillion de Roscomont

title: Earl of Roscommon


text:
Talk:The ABBA Generation

Fair use rationale for Image:Theabbagenerationinternational.jpg
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title: Talk:The ABBA Generation


text:
Juan del Encina

Juan del Encina (12 July 1468 – 1529/1530) was a composer, poet, priest, and playwright, often credited as the joint-father (even "founder" or "patriarch") of Spanish drama, alongside Gil Vicente. His birth name was Juan de Fermoselle. He spelled his name Enzina, but this is not a significant difference; it is two spellings of the same sound, in a time when "correct spelling" as we know it barely existed.

Life
He was born in 1468 near Salamanca, probably at Encina de San Silvestre, one of at least 7 known children of Juan de Fermoselle, a shoemaker, and his wife. He was of Jewish converso descent. After leaving Salamanca University sometime in 1492 he became a member of the household of Don Fadrique de Toledo, the second Duke of Alba, although some sources believe that he did not work for the Duke of Alba until 1495. A plausible argument is that his first post was as a Corregidor in northern Spain.

Fermoselle was a Chaplain at the Salamanca Cathedral in the early 1490s. It was here that he changed his name from Juan de Fermoselle to Juan del Enzina, or Encina (meaning holm oak) during his stay as Chaplain. He was later forced to resign as Chaplain because he was not ordained.

Works
In 1492 the poet entertained his patron with a dramatic piece, the Triunfo de la fama, written to commemorate the fall of Granada. In 1496 he published his Cancionero, a collection of dramatic and lyrical poems. He then applied for the cantor post at Salamanca Cathedral, but the position was divided among three singers, including his rival Lucas Fernandez.

While working for the Duke of Alba, Encina was the program director, along with Lucas Fernandez. Here Encina wrote pastoral eclogues, the foundation of Spanish secular drama. Encina's plays are predominantly based on shepherds and unrequited love.

Encina was ambitious, looking to be promoted based on preferment, so around 1500 he relocated to Rome, where he apparently served in the musical establishments of several cardinals or noblemen. Encina was appointed to the Archdiaconate of Malaga Cathedral by Julius II in 1508.

In 1518 he resigned from position at Malaga for a simple benefice at Moron, and the following year he went to Jerusalem, where he sang his first mass. He also wrote about the events during his pilgrimage to Jerusalem in Tribagia o Via Sacra de Hierusalem. In 1509 he had held a lay canonry at Málaga; in 1519 he was appointed by Leon for the priorship of Leon Cathedral. His last job was recorded as being in Leon, where he is thought to have died towards the end of 1529.

His Cancionero is preceded by a prose treatise (Arte de trobar) on the condition of the poetic art in Spain. His fourteen dramatic pieces mark the transition from the purely ecclesiastical to the secular stage. The Aucto del Repelón and the Égloga de Fileno dramatize the adventures of shepherds; the latter, like Plácida y Vitoriano, is strongly influenced by the Celestina. Several of his writings had pastoral themes as those first two, romanticizing rural life. The intrinsic interest of Encina's plays is slight, but they are important from the historical point of view, for the lay pieces form a new departure, and the devout eclogues prepare the way for the autos of the 17th century. Moreover, Encina's lyrical poems are remarkable for their intense sincerity and devout grace.

Even though his works were dedicated to royal families, he never served as a member of a royal chapel. Further, even though Encina worked in many cathedrals and was ordained as a priest, no religious musical works are known to still exist. Most of his works were done by his mid-30s, some 60 or more songs attributed to Encina, and another 9 settings of texts on top of that, to which the music could also be added, but not for certain. Many of the surviving pieces are villancicos, of which he was a leading composer. The Spanish villancico is the equivalent of the Italian Frottola. There are three and four voice settings that offer a variety of styles depending on the kind of text, with very limited movements in the voices in preparation for the cadence points. To make the text heard clearly, Encina used varied and flexible rhythms that are patterned on the accents of the verse, and used simple yet strong harmonic progressions.

Leonese times
Encina held the priorship of Leon Cathedral from November 1523 until his final illness in December 1529. Juan del Encina's will was presented on 14 January 1530, so the exact date of his death is not known, but it is thought to be in late 1529 or early 1530. In his will he noted that he wanted to be buried beneath the choir of Salamanca Cathedral, and in 1534 his remains were taken to the cathedral.

Leonese language influence
Juan del Encina wrote in Castillian with Leonese language influences in his pastoral eclogues. He was from Salamanca, a Leonese-speaking region, and eventually arrived at the capital of the long-vanished Kingdom of León, where he died.

He was also a songwriter for the church.

Selected works

 * Una sañosa porfía (1486)
 * Triunfo de la fama (1492)
 * Cancionero (1496)
 * Tan buen ganadico (1496)
 * Más vale trocar (1496)
 * Triste España sin ventura (1504)
 * Plácida y Victoriano (1513)
 * Églogas
 * Oy comamos y bebamos (late 15th century)
 * Tribagia o Via Sacra de Hierusalem (1521)

Ensemble performances of his work

 * Date unknown - Mayrat - El Viaje del Agua. Grupo Odres.
 * 1960 - Victoria de los Angeles - Spanish Songs of the Renaissance. Ars Musicae de Barcelona and Victoria de los Ángeles. Conducted by José Maria Lamaña.
 * 1968 - Music from the Time of Christopher Columbus. Musica Reservata. Directed by John Beckett.
 * 1970 - Pleasures of the Royal Courts. Early Music Consort of London and David Munrow.
 * 1971 - El Camino de Santiago. Escolanía and Capilla Musical de la Abadía del Valle de los Caídos and Cuarteto y Grupo de Instrumentos Antiguos Renacimiento. Directed by Leoncio Diéguez, Laurentino Saenz de Buruaga, and Ramón Perales de la Cal.
 * 1973 - Music from the court of Ferdinand and Isabella. Early Music Consort of London and David Munrow.
 * 1974 - Old Spanish Songs. Teresa Berganza and Narciso Yepes.
 * 1974 - Antik Musik på Wik - Early Music at Wik. Joculatores Upsaliensis.
 * 1976 - Jewish & Christian Spain. Hespèrion XX and Jordi Savall.
 * 1977 - Ars Antiqua de Paris à la Sainte Chapelle. Ars Antiqua de Paris.
 * 1979 - Villancios. Atrium Musicae de Madrid. Directed by Gregorio Paniagua.
 * 1980 - La Spagna. Atrium Musicae de Madrid. Directed by Gregorio Paniagua.
 * 1981 - Obra Musical Completa de Juan del Enzina. Miguel Á. Tallante and Pro Mvsica Antiqva de Madrid y solistas.
 * 1984 - Romeros y Peregrinos. Grupo Universitario de Cámara de Compostela. Directed by Carlos Villanueva.
 * 1986 - L'homme armé: 1450-1650. Boston Camerata. Directed by Joel Cohen.
 * 1987 - Music from the Spanish Kingdoms. Circa 1500.
 * 1988 - Music from the time of Richard III. The Yorks Waits.
 * 1988 - Musica dell'epoca di Cristoforo Colombo. I Madrigalisti di Genova. Directed by L. Gamberini.
 * 1989 - El Cancionero Musical de Palacio. Ensemble Danserye.
 * 1991 - Segovia Songbook. Ensemble Daedalus. Directed by Roberto Festa.
 * 1991 - del Encina. Jordi Savall and Hespèrion XX.
 * 1991 - Cancionero de Palacio 1475-1516. Jordi Savall and Hespèrion XX.
 * 1991 - From a Spanish Palace Songbook. Margaret Philpot, Shirley Rumsey, and Christopher Wilson.
 * 1991 - Chansons - Danses - Musiques. Ensemble Jehan de Channey.
 * 1992 - Spain 1479-1555. La Nef and Sylvain Bergeron.
 * 1992 - Music from the age of discovery. Waverly Consort and Michael Jaffee.
 * 1993 - In Gottes Namen fahren wir. Cologne Ensemble for Old Music.
 * 1993 - Spanish songs & motets. Gothic Voices and Christopher Page.
 * 1993 - Amando e Desiando. Alice Musik Produktion.
 * 1994 - Sephardic Songs. Sarband. Directed by Vladimir Ivanoff.
 * 1995 - Canciones, Romances, Sonetos. La Colombina.
 * 1995 - Al alva venid. La Romanesca and José Miguel Moreno.
 * 1995 - Songs and dances from the Spanish Renaissance. Camerata Iberia.
 * 1995 - A Royal Songbook. Musica Antiqua of London. Directed by Philip Thorby.
 * 1995 - Landscapes. Bellugi Ensemble and David Bellugi.
 * 1995 - A Song of David. La Rondinella.
 * 1995 - Odyssey. New World Renaissance Band.
 * 1995 - Music from the Mediterranean Basin (12th-16th centuries). Ensemble vocal et instrumental Arabesque. Directed by Domitille de Bienassis.
 * 1996 - Cancionero Musical de Palacio. Ensemble Accentus. Directed by Thomas Wimmer.
 * 1996 - Sola m'ire. Ensemble Gilles Binchois and Dominique Vellard.
 * 1996 - All the King's Men. I Fagiolini, Robert Hollingworth, Concordia, Mark Levy.
 * 1996 - Los Ministriles. Piffaro, The Renaissance Band, directed by Joan Kimball and Robert Wiemken.
 * 1996 - Resonanzen '96. Musik aus den Habsburgerlanden.
 * 1997 - A Ricolta Bubu. Bob, Frank en Zussen.
 * 1998 - The two worlds of Francisco de Peñalosa. Concentus Musicus Minnesota, directed by Arthur Maud.
 * 1998 - Sephardic Journey. La Rondinella.
 * 1998 - De Antequara sale un moro. Ensemble Música Ficta. Directed by Carlos Serrano.
 * 1998 - Cartas al Rey Moro. Begoña Olavide.
 * 1998 - Música no tempo das Caravelas. Música Antiga da UFF.
 * 1999 - La Música en la Corte de los Reyes Católicos y Carlos I. Capella Virelai and Jordi Reguant
 * 1999 - La Folia, 1490-1701. Corelli, Marais, Martín y Coll, Ortiz, & Anónimos; Jordi Savall; Rolf Lislevand; Michael Behringer; Arianna Savall; Bruno Cocset; Pedro Estevan; and Adela Gonzalez-Campa.
 * 1999 - Renaissance Spain in the Age of Empire. Ex Umbris.
 * 2000 - Renaissance Song of Italy and Spain. Live Oak.
 * 2000 - Diferencias. Codex Huelgas, Villancicos, Ensemble Differencias, and Conrad Steinmann.
 * 2000 - Plaser y gasajo. Capella de Ministrers. Directed by Carles Magraner.
 * 2000 - La Canción del Emperado. La Capella Reial de Catalunya, Hespèrion XXI, and Jordi Savall.
 * 2000 - Pilgerwege. Freiburger Spielleyt.
 * 2000 - Nunca fue pena mayor. Capella de Ministrers and Cor de la Generalitat Valenciana. Directed by Carles Magraner.
 * 2001 - Constantinople. Kiya Tabassian and Ensemble Constantinople.
 * 2001 - Cançoner del duc de Calàbria. Duos i Exercicis sobre els vuit tons and In Canto.
 * 2001 - Music of Renaissance Spain. The Terra Nova Consort.
 * 2001 - Bread, Wine & Song. Orlando Consort.
 * 2002 - A las puertas de Granada. Begoña Olavide and Mudéjar.
 * 2002 - Cancionero. The Dufay Collective.
 * 2002 - Misteris de Dolor. Accentus Austria. Directed by Thomas Wimmer.
 * 2002 - Hoy comamos y bebamos. Coro Justicia de Aragón and Susana Sarfson.
 * 2003 - La Conquista de Granada. Música Antigua. Directed by Eduardo Paniagua.
 * 2003 - El Fuego. Eduardo Notrica.
 * 2004 - Isabel I, Reina de Castilla. La Capella Reial de Catalunya, Hespèrion XXI, and Jordi Savall.
 * 2004 - Cancionero de Palacio. Capella de Ministrers. Directed by Carles Magraner.
 * 2005 - Juana I de Castilla. Musica Antigua. Directed by Eduardo Paniagua.
 * 2005 - Wine in music from the 15th and 16th Centuries. La Rossignol.
 * 2006 - Christophorus Columbus. Hespèrion XXI, La Capella Reial de Catalunya, and Jordi Savall.
 * 2006 - Borgia. Capella de Ministrers. Directed by Carles Magraner.
 * 2006 - La Spagna. Camerata Iberia. Juan Carlos de Mulder.

Recordings

 * 2021: Todos los bienes del mundo: Juan del Encina and Musical Traits in Spanish Renaissance — ContrArco Consort (Da Vinci C00526)

title: Juan del Encina


text:
Talk:Abigail II: The Revenge

Fair use rationale for Image:Kingdiamond-abigail2.jpg
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title: Talk:Abigail II: The Revenge


text:
Talk:Massiv in Mensch

Duo or trio?
2010 - Niemand weiß was die Zukunft bringt (Artoffact Records)

I recommend to visit weißweiss.com — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2A02:908:FD30:DE00:4458:E4D8:A667:A189 (talk) 16:47, 13 January 2018 (UTC)

"Massiv in Mensch is a German industrial music trio made up of Daniel Logemann and Mirco Osterthun (Varel/Germany)."

If they're a trio, who's the third person? - Che Nuevara, the Democratic Revolutionary 03:52, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

 * The third person is Sarah Folkens, who does (or did) a lot of their vocals. She was removed from the web site at some point, but there isn't much information on the band in English.  She should probably still be mentioned as a former member.  T h e St ev e  05:48, August 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Former member? But she's listed in Menschdefekt and that was their last album, any sources for her leaving? - Ferretgames 16:02, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * If you go to the web site and click on "Die band", she is listed as a Former member

Former members: Sarah Folkens (Vox), Holger Schuhmann (Keys, Git). I've updated the article a bit T h e St ev e  06:42, September 6, 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Massiv in Mensch


text:
List of phytochemicals in food

The following is a list of phytochemicals present in commonly consumed foods.

Carotenes
orange pigments
 * α-Carotene – to vitamin A carrots, pumpkins, maize, tangerine, orange.
 * β-Carotene – to vitamin A dark, leafy greens, red, orange and yellow fruits and vegetables.
 * γ-Carotene - to vitamin A,
 * δ-Carotene
 * ε-carotene
 * Lycopene Vietnam Gac, tomatoes, grapefruit, watermelon, guava, apricots, carrots, autumn olive.
 * Neurosporene
 * Phytofluene star fruit, sweet potato, orange.
 * Phytoene sweet potato, orange.

Xanthophylls
yellow pigments
 * Canthaxanthin paprika, mushrooms, crustaceans, fish and eggs.
 * β-Cryptoxanthin to vitamin A mango, tangerine, orange, papaya, peaches, avocado, pea, grapefruit, kiwi.
 * Zeaxanthin wolfberry, spinach, kale, turnip greens, maize, eggs, red pepper, pumpkin, orange.
 * Astaxanthin microalgae, yeast, krill, shrimp, salmon, lobsters, and some crabs.
 * Lutein spinach, turnip greens, romaine lettuce, eggs, red pepper, pumpkin, mango, papaya, oranges, kiwi, peaches, squash, brassicas, prunes, sweet potatoes, honeydew melon, rhubarb, plum, avocado, pear, cilantro.
 * Rubixanthin rose hip.

Triterpenoid

 * Saponins soybeans, beans, other legumes, maize, alfalfa.
 * Oleanolic acid American pokeweed, honey mesquite, garlic, java apple, cloves, and many other Syzygium species.
 * Ursolic acid apples, basil, bilberries, cranberries, elder flower, peppermint, lavender, oregano, thyme, hawthorn, prunes.
 * Betulinic acid Ber tree, white birch, winged beans, tropical carnivorous plants Triphyophyllum peltatum, Ancistrocladus heyneanus, Diospyros leucomelas a member of the persimmon family, Tetracera boiviniana, the jambul (Syzygium formosanum), chaga (Inonotus obliquus), and many other Syzygium species.
 * Moronic acid Rhus javanica (a sumac), mistletoe

Diterpenes

 * Cafestol Coffea arabica in unfiltered form such as French press coffee or Turkish coffee/Greek coffee.

Monoterpenes

 * Limonene, oils of citrus, cherries, spearmint, dill, garlic, celery, maize, rosemary, ginger, basil.
 * Perillyl alcohol citrus oils, hops, caraway, mints.
 * Thujones, oils of Thyme, Oregano, Sage, Mugwort, Juniper

Steroids

 * Phytosterols almonds, cashews, peanuts, sesame seeds, sunflower seeds, whole wheat, maize, soybeans, many vegetable oils.
 * Campesterol buckwheat.
 * beta Sitosterol avocado, rice bran, wheat germ, corn oils, fennel, peanuts, soybeans, hawthorn, basil, buckwheat.
 * gamma sitosterol
 * Stigmasterol buckwheat.

Natural monophenols

 * Apiole parsley, celery leaf.
 * Carnosol rosemary, sage.
 * Carvacrol oregano, thyme, pepperwort, wild bergamot.
 * Dillapiole dill, fennel root.

Flavonoids
red, blue, purple pigments
 * Flavonols
 * Quercetin red and yellow onions, tea, wine, apples, cranberries, buckwheat, beans, lovage.
 * Kaempferol tea, strawberries, gooseberries, cranberries, grapefruit, apples, peas, brassicates (broccoli, kale, brussels sprouts, cabbage), chives, spinach, endive, leek, tomatoes.
 * Myricetin grapes, red wine, berries, walnuts.
 * Fisetin strawberries, cucumbers.
 * Rutin citrus fruits, oranges, lemons, limes, grapefruit, berries, peaches, apples, pagoda tree fruits, asparagus, buckwheat, parsley, tomatoes, apricots, rhubarb, tea.
 * Isorhamnetin red turnip, goldenrod, mustard leaf, ginkgo biloba, onion.
 * Flavanones
 * Hesperidin citrus fruits.
 * Naringenin citrus fruits.
 * Silybin milk thistle.
 * Eriodictyol citrus fruits.
 * Flavones
 * Acacetin Robinia pseudoacacia, Turnera diffusa.
 * Apigenin chamomile, celery, parsley.
 * Chrysin Passiflora caerulea, Pleurotus ostreatus, Oroxylum indicum.
 * Diosmetin Vicia.
 * Tangeritin tangerine and other citrus peels.
 * Luteolin beets, artichokes, celery, carrots, celeriac, rutabaga, parsley, mint, chamomile, lemongrass, chrysanthemum.
 * Flavan-3-ols (flavanols)
 * Catechins white tea, green tea, black tea, grapes, wine, apple juice, cocoa, lentils, black-eyed peas.
 * (+)-Catechin
 * (+)-Gallocatechin
 * (−)-Epicatechin
 * (−)-Epigallocatechin
 * (−)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) green tea.
 * (−)-Epicatechin 3-gallate
 * Theaflavin black tea.
 * Theaflavin-3-gallate black tea.
 * Thearubigins black tea.
 * Proanthocyanidins
 * Flavanonols
 * Anthocyanidins (flavonals) and Anthocyanins  red wine, many red, purple or blue fruits and vegetables.
 * Pelargonidin bilberry, raspberry, strawberry.
 * Peonidin bilberry, blueberry, cherry, cranberry, peach.
 * Cyanidin red apple & pear, bilberry, blackberry, blueberry, cherry, cranberry, peach, plum, hawthorn, loganberry, cocoa.
 * Delphinidin bilberry, blueberry, eggplant.
 * Malvidin malve, bilberry, blueberry.
 * Petunidin
 * Phycocyanin spirulina.

Isoflavonoids

 * Isoflavones (phytoestrogens) use the 3-phenylchromen-4-one skeleton (with no hydroxyl group substitution on carbon at position 2).
 * Daidzein (formononetin) soy, alfalfa sprouts, red clover, chickpeas, peanuts, kudzu, other legumes.
 * Genistein (biochanin A) soy, alfalfa sprouts, red clover, chickpeas, peanuts, other legumes.
 * Glycitein soy.
 * Isoflavanes
 * Isoflavandiols
 * Isoflavenes
 * Pterocarpans or Coumestans (phytoestrogens)
 * Coumestrol red clover, alfalfa sprouts, soy, peas, brussels sprouts.

Flavonolignans

 * Silymarin artichokes, milk thistle.

Lignans
Phytoestrogens seeds (flax, sesame, pumpkin, sunflower, poppy), whole grains (rye, oats, barley), bran (wheat, oat, rye), fruits (particularly berries) and vegetables.
 * Matairesinol flax seed, sesame seed, rye bran and meal, oat bran, poppy seed, strawberries, blackcurrants, broccoli.
 * Secoisolariciresinol flax seeds, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pumpkin, strawberries, blueberries, cranberries, zucchini, blackcurrant, carrots.
 * Pinoresinol and lariciresinol sesame seed, Brassica vegetables.

Stilbenoids

 * Resveratrol grape (skins and seeds, grape wine), nuts, peanuts, Japanese Knotweed root.
 * Pterostilbene grapes, blueberries.
 * Piceatannol grapes.
 * Pinosylvin

Curcuminoids

 * Curcumin (Oxidizes to vanillin) turmeric, mustard.

Hydrolyzable tannins

 * Ellagitannins
 * Punicalagins tea, berries.
 * Castalagins
 * Vescalagins  oak wood.
 * Castalins
 * Casuarictins
 * Grandinins
 * Punicalins
 * Roburin As
 * Tellimagrandin IIs
 * Terflavin Bs
 * Gallotannins
 * Digalloyl glucose
 * 1,3,6-Trigalloyl glucose

Condensed tannins

 * Proanthocyanidins horse chestnut Aesculus hippocastanum, cranberry juice, peanut skin, grape.
 * Polyflavonoid tannins
 * Catechol-type tannins
 * Pyrocatecollic type tannins
 * Flavolans

Phlorotannins
extracted from brown alga species (Ecklonia cava, Sargassum mcclurei), sea oak (Eisenia bicyclis, Fucus vesiculosus).

Flavono-ellagitannin
extracted from Mongolian Oak (Quercus mongolica).

Phenolic acids

 * Salicylic acid peppermint, licorice, peanut, wheat.
 * Vanillin and Vanillic acid açaí oil, vanilla beans, cloves.
 * Gallic acid tea, mango, strawberries, rhubarb, soy.
 * Ellagic acid walnuts, strawberries, cranberries, blackberries, guava, grapes.
 * Tannic acid nettles, tea, berries.

Hydroxycinnamic acids

 * Caffeic acid burdock, hawthorn, artichoke, pear, basil, thyme, oregano, apple, olive oil.
 * Chlorogenic acid echinacea, strawberries, pineapple, coffee, sunflower, blueberries.
 * Cinnamic acid cinnamon, aloe.
 * Ferulic acid oats, rice, artichoke, orange, pineapple, apple, peanut, açaí oil.
 * Coumarin citrus fruits, maize.

Phenylethanoids

 * Tyrosol olive oil.
 * Hydroxytyrosol olive oil.
 * Oleocanthal olive oil.
 * Oleuropein olive oil.

Others

 * Capsaicin chilli peppers.
 * Gingerol ginger.
 * Alkylresorcinols wholegrain wheat, rye and barley.
 * Piperine black pepper.

The precursor to isothiocyanates

 * Sinigrin (the precursor to allyl isothiocyanate) broccoli family, brussels sprouts, black mustard.
 * Glucotropaeolin (the precursor to benzyl isothiocyanate)
 * Gluconasturtiin (the precursor to phenethyl isothiocyanate)
 * Glucoraphanin (the precursor to sulforaphane) brassicas: broccoli, cauliflower, brussels sprouts, cabbages.

Aglycone derivatives

 * Dithiolthiones (isothiocyanates)
 * Sulforaphane brassicas: broccoli, cauliflower, brussels sprouts, cabbages.
 * Allyl isothiocyanate
 * Phenethyl Isothiocyanate
 * Benzyl Isothiocyanate
 * Oxazolidine-2-thiones
 * Nitriles
 * Thiocyanates

Organosulfides/ Organosulfur compounds

 * Polysulfides (allium compounds)
 * Allyl methyl trisulfide garlic, onions, leeks, chives, shallots.
 * Sulfides
 * Diallyl disulfide garlic, onions, leeks, chives, shallots.
 * Allicin garlic.
 * Alliin garlic.
 * Allyl isothiocyanate horseradish, mustard, wasabi.
 * Syn-propanethial-S-oxide cut onions.

Indoles

 * Indole-3-carbinol cabbage, kale, brussels sprouts, rutabaga, mustard greens, broccoli.
 * 3,3'-Diindolylmethane or DIM broccoli family, brussels sprouts, cabbage, kale.
 * Indole-3-acetic acid Commonly occurring plant hormone, a part of the auxin family.

Betalains

 * Betacyanins beets, chard, Amaranthus tricolor.
 * betanin
 * isobetanin
 * probetanin
 * neobetanin
 * Betaxanthins (non glycosidic versions)
 * Indicaxanthin beets, sicilian prickly pear.
 * Vulgaxanthin beets.

Chlorophylls

 * Chlorophyllin: Dark green leafy vegetables like spinach.

Other organic acids

 * Saturated cyclic acids
 * Phytic acid (inositol hexaphosphate) cereals, nuts, sesame seeds, soybeans, wheat, pumpkin, beans, almonds.
 * Quinic acid
 * Oxalic acid orange, spinach, rhubarb, tea and coffee, banana, ginger, almond, sweet potato, bell pepper.
 * Tartaric acid apricots, apples, sunflower, avocado, grapes, tamarind.
 * Anacardic acid cashews, mangoes.
 * Malic acid apples.
 * Caftaric acid grapes.
 * Coutaric acid grapes.
 * Fertaric acid

Amines

 * Betanin beetroot.

Monosaccharides

 * Hexose wheat, barley.
 * Pentose rye, oat.

Polysaccharides

 * Beta-glucan
 * Chitin fungi includes other edible mushrooms.
 * Lentinan fruit body of shiitake (Lentinula edodes mycelium (LEM)) and other edible mushrooms.
 * Fructan
 * Inulins diverse plants, e.g. topinambour, chicory.
 * Lignin stones of fruits, vegetables (filaments of the garden bean), cereals.
 * Pectins fruit skin (mainly apple and, quince), vegetables.

Protease inhibitors

 * Protease inhibitors soybean, seeds, legumes, potatoes, eggs, cereals.

title: List of phytochemicals in food


text:
Talk:Absolutely (Madness album)

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Talk:Acoustic Samurai

Fair use rationale for Image:Paulgilbert-acousticsamurai1.jpg
Image:Paulgilbert-acousticsamurai1.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 22:36, 5 December 2007 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on Acoustic Samurai. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090401162801/http://kvltsite.com:80/content/view/184/50 to http://kvltsite.com/content/view/184/50/

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Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 13:25, 3 October 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Acoustic Samurai