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Kardinya, Western Australia

Kardinya is a suburb 13 km south-southwest of the central business district of Perth, the capital of Western Australia. It is in the City of Melville local government area. It is predominantly a low-density residential suburb consisting of single-family detached homes. There is a commercial area in the centre of the suburb, with a shopping centre and several other shops. In the northwest is a small light industrial area. Kardinya has a population of 8,730 people.

Before European settlement, the area was inhabited by the Beeliar group of the Whadjuk Noongar people. Kardinya did not attract any interest from Europeans when the Swan River Colony was founded in 1829, as it was far away from any river and was not fertile. European use of Kardinya began in 1870 when fourteen lots were allocated to Pensioner Guards. These lots were used for piggeries, poultry farms and vineyards. In 1904, a large amount of land in the area was set aside as endowment land for the University of Western Australia. In the 1920s, this land started to be used as a pine plantation, known as the Applecross Pine Plantation, and, after 1947, the Somerville Pine Plantation. The suburb was formally gazetted on 16 June 1961. From 1967 to the early 1980s, suburban development occurred in Kardinya.

Current amenities in Kardinya include Kardinya Primary School, North Lake Senior Campus, Kardinya Park Shopping Centre, and Morris Buzacott Reserve, which is home to several sports clubs. The suburb is quadrisected by South Street and North Lake Road. Transperth bus services operate, most feeding into Murdoch railway station on the Mandurah railway line.

Before British colonisation
Before European settlement, the area was inhabited by the Beeliar group of the Whadjuk Noongar people, who had lived there for 40,000 years. They lived in the area south from the Swan River down to Mangles Bay near Rockingham and east to the Darling Scarp. No specific sites of Aboriginal occupation have been found in Kardinya as there are no wetlands there, however, the Beeliar people would have passed through Kardinya.

British colonisation
Kardinya attracted no interest from the British when they founded the Swan River Colony in 1829. All settlement was concentrated along the Swan and Canning rivers as they were the main method of transportation in the early decades of the colony. Kardinya also had no fertile soil for the crops and fruit trees grown at the time. Only one section of land in Kardinya was part of the early land that was granted to settlers; it was known as Cockburn Location 549, and none of the Kardinya section of that land was used.

In 1870, fourteen smaller lots were excised from Cockburn Location 549 and were allocated to Pensioner Guards over 15 years. Pensioner Guards were British army veterans who received a pension after having completed their period of service or been wounded. They served on convict transportation ships to Western Australia. Their role in the colony was to help maintain law and order, and serve as a presence of authority towards the convicts. To get the Pensioner Guards to stay in the colony, they were allocated land which they had to occupy for seven years before they could gain ownership. Convicts were forced to clear the land for the Pensioner Guards. These Pensioner Guard lots were passed down to their descendants. At the beginning of World War I, most were still owned by descendants of Pensioner Guards.

Two roads were built in the early 20th century – South Street, which ran from Fremantle west of Kardinya to the eastern edge of Kardinya, and North Lake Road, which ran from Canning Highway north of Kardinya to Bibra Lake in the south, continuing as Forrest Road to Armadale. At first, these roads were just cleared tracks consisting of sand, but after World War I, they were laid with planks.

During the early 20th century, these lots were used as piggeries, poultry farms and vineyards. The remaining area was Fremantle Commonage, meaning residents of Fremantle could freely cut timber. This changed in 1904 when an act of the Parliament of Western Australia set aside the land north, west and east of the Pensioner Guard lots as endowment land for the University of Western Australia (UWA), which was being planned at the time. The university did not end up using the land, but in 1922, it asked the Forests Department to police it for the illegal removal of timber.

In 1924, the Bibra and North Lake Progress Association asked UWA and the Forests Department if part of the land could be used as a pine plantation. They agreed to the land being used for that purpose for 50 years. In 1926, 945 acres of land was cleared, and planted mainly with pinus pinaster, or maritime pine. At a high point on South Street, a house for plantation staff was built, and a fire lookout was built on a nearby tree. A second lookout tower was built in 1965. There were never any large fires at the plantation, but several smaller ones were spotted and put out over the years. Initially, the plantation was known as the Applecross Pine Plantation, but it was renamed to the Somerville Pine Plantation in 1946, after William Somerville, who was a prominent person at UWA, being Acting Vice-Chancellor, Pro-Chancellor and Acting Chancellor at times. Many streets in Kardinya are now also named after prominent people from UWA.

The trees in the plantation began to mature in the late 1950s, and harvesting started then. The largest trees were removed first, allowing the others to grow more. Clearcutting began in the 1960s as Kardinya was planned to have a housing development. This finished in 1975, and the university sold most of the land to developers. The south-eastern corner, just beyond Kardinya's boundary, was used to make Murdoch University, Perth's second university. Some trees were left standing, and can still be seen today around the suburb.

Suburban development
The area was originally named Ellis, after  Ellis, who was a long time secretary of the Melville Roads Board. The name "Kardinya" was first suggested as a street name in the area in 1955. The name is of Aboriginal origin. Some sources say it means "sunrise", whilst others say it means "place of the Karda (racehorse goanna)". Later, a vote was held for residents to decide between Ellis and Kardinya as the name for the suburb. Kardinya received all but one vote. The suburb was formally gazetted by the Department of Lands and Surveys on 16 June 1961.

In 1958, seven residents requested permission from the council to subdivide their land, however other people opposed this, wanting to retain the area's rural character. The opposers wanted no block to be smaller than 1 ha, and so the request was denied. Plans for housing development in Kardinya's north-eastern quadrant began in 1960. On 5 October 1967, the first building approval was given, and development of the north-eastern quadrant began. The south-eastern quadrant was developed in the 1970s, followed by the south-western quadrant. North Lake Senior High School opened in the south-western quadrant at the start of 1973, a shopping centre opened on the north-east corner of South Street and North Lake Road in 1976,  and Kardinya Primary School opened in the north-eastern quadrant at the start of 1977. The Kardinya Precinct Committee (KPC) was formed in the early 1970s. The KPC was renamed the Kardinya Residents Association in the late 1970s. This association was heavily involved in the development of Kardinya, providing input for planning schools, shopping centres, bus routes and community services. In the 1980s, the north-eastern quadrant was developed.

During the early 21st century, many 1960s and 1970s houses have begun to be demolished and the land subdivided further.

Geography and nature
Kardinya is located 13 km south-southwest of the central business district (CBD) of Perth, the capital of Western Australia, and 6 km east of the Indian Ocean. It covers an area of 4.38 km2, and is bounded to the north by Garling Street, North Lake Road and Somerville Boulevard, to the east by Prescott Drive, South Street and Windelya Way, to the south by Farrington Road, North Lake Road and Winterfold Road, and to the west by a high-voltage power line. To the north is Willagee and Winthrop, to the east is Murdoch, to the south is North Lake and Coolbellup, and to the west is Samson and O'Connor.

Kardinya lies mostly on Spearwood dunes, which formed around 40,000 years ago. The dunes consist of brown sand lying over yellow subsoil, with Tamala Limestone below. The limestone is close to the surface in parts. A small area on the eastern edge of the suburb lies on Bassendean dunes, which consist of white to grey sands formed between 800,000 and 125,000 years ago. Both are part of the greater Swan Coastal Plain. Whilst the suburb does not contain any natural wetlands, North Lake is located immediately to the east of the suburb.

The area's original vegetation would have been a forest consisting primarily of Eucalyptus gomphocephala (tuart), with Eucalyptus marginata (jarrah), Corymbia calophylla (marri), Banksia attenuata (slender banksia), Banksia grandis (bull banksia), and Casuarinaceae (sheoak) interspersed. Smaller trees include black wattles and two species of stinkwood, and other plants include zamias and grass trees/balgas. No rare species are known to have been in the area.

Small amounts of the original vegetation were cleared by early settlers in the 19th century and early 20th century to make way for homes, raising animals and vineyards, but most of it was cleared in the 1920s for the pine plantation. A small area of natural bushland remains as Harold Field Reserve, although it has been invaded by weeds that hinder small native plants.

Arctotheca calendula (capeweed) is a common weed in the area that was purposefully introduced. Other weeds were introduced accidentally, including Eragrostis curvula (African lovegrass), Ehrharta longiflora (annual veldtgrass), Polycarpon tetraphyllum (fourleaf allsead), Romulea rosea (Guildford grass), Trifolium campestre (hop clover), Euphorbia peplus (petty spurge), Carpobrotus (pigface), Plantago major (plantain), Lolium (ryegrass), Oxalis pes-caprae (soursob), Sonchus arvensis (sowthistle), and Ursinia.

Demographics
Kardinya's population has been on a slight decline from 2001 to 2016. The suburb was home to 8,730 people according to the Australian Bureau of Statistics's 2016 census, compared to 8,794 at the 2011 census, 8,874 at the 2006 census, and 8,935 at the 2001 census. At the 2016 census, 49.6% of residents were male and 50.4% were female. The median age was 41, which was above the state and national averages of 36 and 38 respectively.

At the 2016 census, 75.7% of Kardinya households were families, above the state average of 72.7%; 19.5% were single-person households, below the state average of 23.6%; and 4.8% were group households, above the state average of 3.8%. Of those family households, 40.0% were couples without children, 44.0% were couples with children, 13.4% were single parents with children, and 2.7% were some other type of family. These figures are all close to the state averages of 38.5%, 45.3%, 14.5% and 1.7% respectively.

Out of the suburb's 3,523 dwellings, 3,197 were occupied and 326 were unoccupied at the 2016 census. Out of the 3,197 that were occupied, 2,772 were detached houses, 311 were semi-detached, and 105 were flats or apartments. 57.6% of occupied dwellings had four or more bedrooms, and the average number of bedrooms was 3.6, which was above the state average of 3.3. The average number of people per household was 2.6, which is the same as the state average. 1,375 dwellings (42.9%) were owned outright, significantly higher than the state average of 28.5%. 1,098 (34.3%) were owned with a mortgage, compared to the state average of 39.7%; 654 (20.4%) were rented, compared to the state average of 28.3%; and 77 (2.4%) were other or not stated.

At the 2016 census, the median weekly personal income was $676, compared to the state average of $724 and national average of $662; the median weekly family income was $1,981, compared to the state average of $1,910 and national average of $1,734; and the median weekly household income was $1,667, compared to the state average of $1,595 and the national average of $1,438. The most common occupations were professionals (25.8%), clerical and administrative workers (15.1%), technicians and trades workers (13.4%), managers (11.6%), and sales workers (10.4%). Major industries that residents worked in were hospitals (4.6%), primary education (3.4%), cafes and restaurants (3.1%), higher education (3.0%), and secondary education (2.5%). 27.7% of residents had a bachelor's degree or above, compared to the state average of 20.5%.

The most common ancestries that Kardinya residents identified with at the 2016 census were English (24.1%), Australian (19.0%), Chinese (8.4%), Italian (8.3%), and Irish (6.4%). 58.7% of residents were born in Australia. The next most common birthplaces were England (5.5%), Malaysia (2.8%), Italy (2.3%), China, excluding Taiwan and special administrative regions (2.1%), and Indonesia (2.0%). 33.5% of residents had both parents born in Australia, and 48.0% of residents had both parents born overseas. The most common religious affiliations were Catholic (30.4%), no religion (27.9%), Anglican (12.2%), and Uniting Church (3.0%).

Businesses, parks and amenities

Before there were any shops in the area, residents had to travel to Fremantle or to Canning Bridge in Applecross for essential items such as groceries, and even further for other items. The first business in the area was a corner store at the junction of what was then North Lake Road and South Street, established in the 1940s. It sold groceries, had a petrol pump, and was demolished in the 1970s. In 1957, a store was established on an adjacent corner to provide petrol, servicing and repairs for vehicles. It was leased to BP in the 1970s, opening as a proper service station in 1974. That service station,, still exists. North Lake Road was realigned about 400 m west through Kardinya in the 1970s; the old North Lake Road was renamed Gilbertson Road.

In 1975, construction began on a shopping centre on the corner of the new North Lake Road alignment and South Street. The shopping centre opened in 1976. The shopping centre was expanded considerably in 1999, and was given the name Kardinya Park. Today, the anchor tenants are a Coles supermarket and a Kmart retail store. Smaller tenants include an Australia Post post office, and Westpac and ANZ bank branches. Neighbouring the shopping centre is an Aldi supermarket and the Kardinya Tavern (colloquially, "the Kardy"). That pub is one of only a few within 5 km, and so it attracts people from the surrounding suburbs. The only other businesses in Kardinya are a small group of shops on the corner of Le Soeuf Drive and McMahon Way, and a light industrial area in the suburb's north-east.

The largest park in Kardinya is Morris Buzacott Reserve. It was named on 28 June 1977, after Morris Nutter Buzacott, who was a member of the Melville Roads Board from 1903 to 1905 and chairman in 1905. It has an area of about 20 ha, and is located in Kardinya's north-eastern quadrant. One of the first sports club to exist at Morris Buzacott Reserve is the Applecross Hockey Club (now the Melville City Hockey Club), which relocated there in 1979. It had its own building. In 1979, the reserve was also home to the Kardinya Tennis Club, and the Kardinya Junior Football Club (KJFC). It was a committee member of the KJFC that started the push in 1979 for a community centre to be built at Morris Buzacott Reserve. At first, the Melville City Council did not help with funding the proposed building, so a group was formed, called the Kardinya Community and Recreation Association. This group, along with the Kardinya Residents Association continued to lobby for a community centre, and in 1985, the council finally approved its construction. it was completed in 1986 and officially opened on 27 June 1987.

In 1988, a bowling club was formed, housed in a small clubhouse that was extended in 2009. In 1994, the Fremantle CBC Amateur Football Club relocated to Morris Buzacott Reserve. Around this time, the Kardinya Community and Recreation Association merged into the Kardinya Residents Association. The Fremantle CBC Amateur Football Club wanted the community centre to be expanded, and so a member of the club made an application to the Melville City Council, which the council refused. The club then applied for funds from the Federal Government, which gave them about $175,000. This funding came amidst the sports rorts affair. The council also contributed $300,000. The expanded facilities were opened in 1994 by Carmen Lawrence, who was the federal member for Fremantle. Today, the community centre is used by football clubs, a tee-ball club, and a tennis club. The initial hockey building is now also used by a cricket club.

Another large park in Kardinya is Frederick Baldwin Park. It was originally known as Somerville Lake but was renamed on 14 September 1983 in honour of  Baldwin, who was a member of the Melville Roads Board from 1941 to 1944. It is in Kardinya's north-west quadrant, covers an area of 10 ha, and contains a lake surrounded by a grassed area. It has a playground and a community centre.

Most other parks in Kardinya are named after members of the Melville Roads Board, the exceptions being Bill Dixon Park, named after a council building surveyor; Dick Piercy Park, named after the landowner who subdivided his lot to create this park; Emma George Park, a resident from 1954 to 1992; Jack Jeffery Park, named after a council health surveyor; Red Gum Park, named after the trees at the park; Richard Angeloni Park, after a former vice-principal of UWA; and Robert Henwood Park, named after a city planner for the City of Fremantle.

Education
Kardinya has two schools: Kardinya Primary School, and North Lake Senior Campus.

Primary

Before there were any schools in the area, most students attended Bibra Lake State School, which opened in 1912. Students walked, cycled, or even rode a horse there. When Carawatha Primary School opened in 1959 on the corner of North Lake Road and Archibald Street in Willagee, students attended there.

As development progressed in the 1970s, a local school was needed. Residents were approaching the state government, via the Melville Council, for a school to be built in Kardinya. A site was set aside on Ochiltree Way, and in June 1975, it was announced that a school would be built there, with an estimated cost of construction of $255,220. Evangelista Bros Pty Ltd was contracted to build the school. Construction started in August 1976, and the school opened in February 1977, named Kardinya Primary School. It was incomplete, with no windows, blackboards or chalk. There were 37 pre-primary students, 214 students in years 1 to 4, and eight teachers. A parents and citizens association was established on the first day of school. Among the decisions they made in the first year of operation was for the school colours to be yellow, green, and blue. They also held a competition to determine the school motto. The motto chosen was "Rise Above All", proposed by a local family. The school crest was also based on a design submitted by a local family.

After opening, work continued on the school, including on the construction of the library, car park, bicycle racks, paths, sporting facilities and gardens. Whilst sporting facilities were being constructed, the school used the adjacent Windelya Reserve (now known as Morris Buzacott Reserve) for sport. Demountable classrooms were brought in for periods, while construction on more permanent classrooms was ongoing. The school was officially opened on 15 August 1979, by Barry MacKinnon, the member for Murdoch. In 1980, there were 77 pre-primary students, and 426 students in years 1 to 7. That year saw the completion of all construction, and the graduation of the school's first Year Seven students. Enrolments peaked in 1982, at 491.

1984 saw the formation of a parent's consultative committee, a precursor to today's school councils which are common in Western Australia. A school council was later formed in 1987. It was one of the first in the state. Kardinya Primary School became an Independent Public School in 2017. With that came the replacement of the school council with a school board. As of 2021, there are 60 students in kindergarten, 54 students in pre-primary, and 235 students in years 1 to 6.

Secondary

Before there were any secondary schools in Kardinya, students attended various other schools, including Fremantle Boys' School, and Fremantle Girls' School. Students would cycle to Carrington Street and then catch a bus to Fremantle. Some students who attended Wesley College in South Perth would cycle along North Lake Road to Canning Highway, then catch a bus there. In 1960, Melville Senior High School was established. This was much closer to Kardinya, only a few kilometres north, making the journey to the nearest secondary school much shorter.

North Lake Senior High School opened in Kardinya on 4 February 1973 on its present campus at Winterfold Road (known then as Torquil Road). It was Kardinya's first secondary school. Before opening in Kardinya, the school operated for Year 8 students on the Melville Senior High School campus. It was initially going to be named Kardinya High School, but the name was changed before opening to show that its catchment covers the suburbs surrounding Kardinya as well. The school had 165 Year Eight and Nine students in 1973. Upon opening, the facilities constructed were an administration block, a science and mathematics block, a canteen, a gymnasium and a library. Construction continued after the opening. Further facilities opened in the years following 1973, and on 29 March 1979, the school was officially opened by the minister for education, Peter Jones.

In 1983, enrolments peaked at 935. After that, enrolments gradually declined. By 1995, the school had fewer than 400 students, and so the Department of Education changed the school to serve Year 11 and 12 students only, a new concept for Western Australian public schools. Alongside this, the school was renamed to North Lake Senior Campus.

Local
Kardinya is located in the City of Melville local government area. From January 1871, Kardinya was part of the Fremantle Road District (now known as the City of Cockburn). On 5 June 1901, the East Fremantle Road District was created, encompassing the modern-day City of Melville. It was soon renamed to the Melville Road District to avoid confusion with the neighbouring Municipality of East Fremantle (now known as the Town of East Fremantle) and to give the district its own identity. The Melville Road District became the Shire of Melville on 1 July 1961, following the enactment of the Local Government Act 1960. It became the Town of Melville on 26 September 1962, and finally, the City of Melville on 3 May 1968.

The suburb lies within the City of Melville's Bateman–Kardinya–Murdoch ward. Elections are held on the third Saturday of October in every odd numbered year. Councillors are elected to four year terms. Half of all councillors are up for election at each election. Councillors for the Bateman–Kardinya–Murdoch ward are, and.

State
As of the 2021 Western Australian state election, for the Western Australian Legislative Assembly (lower house), Kardinya is part of the electoral district of Willagee south of South Street and west of North Lake Road. The remainder is part of the electoral district of Bateman. Willagee's current member is Peter Tinley of the Australian Labor Party. Bateman's current member is Kim Giddens of the Australian Labor Party. Both these districts are part of the South Metropolitan Region of the Western Australian Legislative Council (upper house). The south-west of Kardinya votes most strongly for the centre-left Labor Party, and the north-east votes most strongly for the centre-right Liberal Party.

Federal
Kardinya is within the Division of Fremantle south of South Street and west of North Lake Road. The remainder is part of the Division of Tangney. The member for Fremantle is Labor's Josh Wilson. The member for Tangney is Labor's Sam Lim.

Transport

At the 2016 census, 74.7% of residents travelled to work in a car, whereas 9.9% travelled to work on public transport.

Road
Kardinya is quadrisected by South Street, which runs east–west, and North Lake Road, which runs north–south. Both of these roads are six-lane dual carriageways. North Lake Road previously followed a different alignment through Kardinya, but it was realigned to its present position in 1975. The road along its former alignment is now known as Gilbertson Road. Heading east on South Street leads to Murdoch University, St John of God Murdoch Hospital, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch railway station, the Kwinana Freeway and Roe Highway. The Kwinana Freeway is the main road into the Perth CBD. The freeway can also be accessed by heading east on Farrington Road, which travels along Kardinya's southern boundary east of North Lake Road. Heading west on South Street leads to Fremantle and Stock Road, a major north–south route that leads to Rockingham. Heading north on North Lake Road leads to Leach Highway and Canning Highway. Heading south on North Lake Road leads to Cockburn Central and Armadale Road. Other arterial roads in Kardinya include Winterfold Road, which travels along the suburb's southern boundary west of North Lake Road, Garling Street, which travels along the suburb's northern boundary west of North Lake Road, and Somerville Boulevard, which travels along the suburb's boundary east of North Lake Road.

Public transport
Transperth bus services in Kardinya include routes 115, 503, 504, 511, 512, 513, 998 and 999. These routes, except for route 115, all connect to Murdoch railway station, the closest railway station to Kardinya at approximately 4 km east. The station is in the median of the Kwinana Freeway, and is on the Mandurah railway line. Route 115 is a limited stop service that travels between Hamilton Hill and Elizabeth Quay bus station in the Perth CBD. It travels a roughly north–south route through Kardinya, through the centre of the suburb. Routes 503 and 504 travel between Murdoch railway station and Bull Creek railway station, on the Mandurah railway line. Route 503 travels along Gilbertson Road and South Street, and route 504 travels along Prescott Drive and South Street. Route 511 travels between Murdoch railway station and Fremantle railway station near the northern side of the suburb. Route 512 travels between Murdoch railway station and Spearwood along Farrington Road. Route 513 travels between Murdoch railway station and Fremantle railway station along South Street, North Lake Road and Winterfold Avenue.

title: Kardinya, Western Australia


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Helmut Berger

Helmut Berger (né Steinberger; 29 May 1944 – 18 May 2023) was an Austrian actor, known for his portrayal of narcissistic and sexually ambiguous characters. He was one of the stars of European cinema in the late 1960s and 1970s, and is regarded as a sex symbol and pop icon of that period.

He is most famous for his work with Luchino Visconti, particularly in his performance as King Ludwig II of Bavaria in Ludwig, for which he received a special David di Donatello award, and his performance in The Damned for which he was nominated for a Golden Globe Award.

Early life and education
Berger was born in Bad Ischl, Austria (then part of Nazi Germany), into a family of hoteliers. After receiving his Matura, Berger trained and worked in this field, though he had no interest in gastronomy or the hospitality industry. At age eighteen, he moved to London where he did odd jobs while taking acting classes. After studying languages at the Università per Stranieri di Perugia in Italy, Berger moved to Rome.

1964 to 1976
He met the film director Luchino Visconti in 1964. Visconti gave him his first acting role in the film Le streghe (The Witches, 1967) (in the episode "La Strega Bruciata Viva"). He gained international prominence as Martin von Essenbeck in Visconti's The Damned (1969). In that film, in what is perhaps his best-known scene, he pretends to be Marlene Dietrich as she appeared in the film The Blue Angel (1930). He then performed the title role in the Oscar Wilde adaption Dorian Gray (1970) and a leading role in the Oscar-winning Italian drama film The Garden of the Finzi-Continis (1970). In Visconti's Ludwig (1972), Berger portrays Ludwig II of Bavaria from his youth to his dissolute final years. Romy Schneider starred alongside him. This performance earned him a David di Donatello award. In 1974, Berger starred with Burt Lancaster in Visconti's Conversation Piece. The story of Conversation Piece is often considered an allegory of the personal relationship between Berger and Visconti. On several occasions Berger mentioned this film as his favorite.

He then played leading roles in such international productions as Ash Wednesday (1973) alongside Elizabeth Taylor and Henry Fonda and The Romantic Englishwoman (1975) alongside Michael Caine and Glenda Jackson. He also appeared in Tinto Brass's controversial film Salon Kitty with Ingrid Thulin in 1976. Well-known photographers including Helmut Newton, Mary Ellen Mark, and David Bailey published a series of pictures of him. Andy Warhol made Polaroids of him and produced serigraphs. Berger was also, in 1970, alongside his girlfriend Marisa Berenson, the first man photographed for the cover of Vogue.

1976 to 1999
The death of Luchino Visconti in 1976 plunged him into a personal crisis. Exactly one year after Visconti died, Berger tried to commit suicide but was found in time to be saved. Drug and alcohol abuse began to shadow his acting career. In 1980 Berger was cast by Claude Chabrol as Fantômas before he went to the United States to work in television in the role of Peter De Vilbis in nine episodes (1983–1984) of the U.S. prime time soap opera Dynasty, which he said he did only for money. He later said he was "crying on the way to the set but laughing on the way to the bank". This was his last appearance in a long-running television series. He continued working in the U.S. on various projects, most notably starring in Code Name: Emerald in 1985. In Europe, he acted in the TV-miniseries The Betrothed in 1989.

In 1990, Berger appeared in The Godfather Part III as corrupt banker Frederick Keinszig. He later appeared in the music video of Madonna's song "Erotica" in 1992 and appeared in Madonna's book Sex. In 1993, Berger reprised his role as King Ludwig II in the critically acclaimed film Ludwig 1881. Throughout the second half of the 1990s, he concentrated mainly on European productions, acting in films directed by Christoph Schlingensief, Yves Boisset, and many others.

In 1997, Quentin Tarantino included some archival footage of the film Beast with a Gun in his film Jackie Brown and thanked Berger in the closing credits for his performance.

2000s to 2023
From the early 2000s to 2009, Berger largely withdrew from the acting world, moving to Salzburg to care for his mother, who died in 2009. He then returned to acting in bigger production films.

In 2012, Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf Verlag published Helmut Berger – A Life in Pictures, a coffee table book about his life, featuring many previously unreleased photographs plus essays in German, English, Italian, and French. The book was well received by the reviewers.

In the thriller film Iron Cross (2009), Berger played Shrager, an aging character believed to be an old SS commander responsible for murdering Jews during World War II. In the early 2010s, Berger starred in two films directed by Peter Kern, Blutsfreundschaft (shown at the 60th Berlin International Film Festival (2010)) and Mörderschwestern (2011). In 2014, Berger appeared in Saint Laurent as the older Yves Saint Laurent for which he was "celebrated" at the Cannes Film Festival. The short film Art!, in which Berger had a starring role, had its world premiere at the Paris Independent Film Festival 2015. He starred in the role of Professor Martin in the 2016 film Timeless directed by Alexander Tuschinski.

In 2015, Austrian filmmaker Andreas Horvath released a feature-length documentary about Berger called Helmut Berger, Actor. The film premiered at the Venice Film Festival. In the magazine Artforum, American film director John Waters chose Helmut Berger, Actor as the 'Best Motion Picture of the year 2015'. Berger later filed a lawsuit against Horvath.

On 22 February 2018, the premiere of Albert Serra's play, Liberté, starring Berger and Ingrid Caven was performed at the Volksbühne theatre in Berlin. It was the first stage role in Berger's career. In 2019, another documentary film Helmut Berger, meine Mutter und ich was released, dealing with his personality and an attempted comeback.

After suffering several bouts of pneumonia, Berger announced his retirement from acting in November 2019 and stated that he wanted to spend his remaining years away from the public eye.

Personal life
Berger was openly bisexual. He was in relationships with his director and mentor Luchino Visconti and actress Marisa Berenson. Berger married Italian writer and model Francesca Guidato on 19 November 1994. After 2010 they lived separately. Berger lived for many years in Rome, but returned to Salzburg in the 2000s to take care of his elderly mother.

In the late 1960s and 1970s, Berger was seen as the "it boy of the European jet set". According to his 1998 autobiography ''Ich. Die Autobiographie'', the actor's affairs included flings with Rudolf Nureyev, Britt Ekland, Ursula Andress, Nathalie Delon, Tab Hunter, Florinda Bolkan, Linda Blair, Marisa Mell, Anita Pallenberg, Marilù Tolo, Jerry Hall, and both Bianca and Mick Jagger. Miguel Bosé writes about his affair with Berger in his autobiography.

From the 1980s on, Berger's private life was also in the news for his struggles with alcohol and drugs, which sometimes resulted in eccentric and controversial television appearances. In 2013, Berger appeared on Ich bin ein Star – Holt mich hier raus!, the German version of I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!. He had to leave for health reasons after only two days.

Death
Berger died on 18 May 2023, at the age of 78.

Awards and honours
In 1969, Berger was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for his role in The Damned, and in 1973 he won a David di Donatello – the Italian equivalent of an Academy Award – for his performance in Ludwig.

In 2007, he received a special Teddy Award at the 57th Berlin International Film Festival (2007) for his overall professional achievements.

In 2010, Berger received two Prix Lumières at the Lumière Film Festival in Lyon and also the "golden key" of the city.

In 2011, he received a Kristián Award, awarded at the Czech film festival Febiofest "for Contributions to World Cinema".

Reception
"Except for Helmut Berger, there are no interesting women today." "Helmut Berger is what I consider a perfect artist – very serious in his craft, intelligent in his thoughts, without any time or patience for 'bullshit' or empty phrases that litter many people's everyday lives, conversations and relationships." "I think it's androgyny, whether it's David Bowie or Helmut Berger, that has really really influenced my work more than anything." "I think he's wonderful. A man who says what he thinks." "He's one of those who leave nobody indifferent."

Filmography
(director in parentheses; all films except as noted)

 * 1967: Le streghe (The Witches) (Luchino Visconti) as Young man at Hotel (segment "La Strega Bruciata Viva")
 * 1968: I giovani tigri (Antonio Leonviola) as Dario
 * 1969: Sai cosa faceva Stalin alle donne? (Maurizio Liverani) as Aldo
 * 1969: The Damned (Luchino Visconti) as Martin Von Essenbeck
 * 1970: Dorian Gray (Massimo Dallamano) as Dorian Gray
 * 1970: The Garden of the Finzi-Continis (Vittorio De Sica) as Alberto
 * 1971: Un beau monstre (Sergio Gobbi) as Alain Revent
 * 1971: The Bloodstained Butterfly (Duccio Tessari) as Giorgio
 * 1972: La colonna infame (Nelo Risi) as Arconati
 * 1973: Merry-Go-Round (1973 film) (Otto Schenk) as Der Junge Herr / The Youngman / Alfred
 * 1973: Les Voraces (film) (Sergio Gobbi) as Kosta
 * 1973: Ludwig (Luchino Visconti) as Ludwig
 * 1973: Ash Wednesday (Larry Peerce) as Erich
 * 1974: Conversation Piece (Luchino Visconti) as Konrad Huebel
 * 1975: Order to Kill (José G. Maesso) as Clyde Hart
 * 1975: The Romantic Englishwoman (Joseph Losey) as Thomas
 * 1976: Salon Kitty (Tinto Brass) as Helmut Wallenberg
 * 1976: Victory at Entebbe (Marvin Chomsky) as Wilfried Böse
 * 1977: Beast with a Gun (Sergio Grieco) as Nanni Vitali
 * 1977: Paperback
 * 1978: The Greatest Battle (Umberto Lenzi) as Lt. Kurt Zimmer
 * 1978: The Fifth Commandment (Duccio Tessari) as Bernhard Redder
 * 1979: Le rose di Danzica (Alberto Bevilacqua) as Baron Erich von Lehner
 * 1980: Fantômas (1980 film) (Claude Chabrol, Juan Luis Buñuel) (TV miniseries) as Fantômas / Nanteuil / Gurn / Valgrand
 * 1980: Eroina (Massimo Pirri) as Marco
 * 1981: Mia moglie è una strega (Castellano & Pipolo) as Asmodeo
 * 1982:  (Károly Makk) as Boris
 * 1983: Femmes (Tana Kaleya) as Helmut
 * 1983: Veliki Transport (V. Bulajic) as Colonel Glassendorf
 * 1982: Victoria! La gran aventura de un poble (Antoni Ribas) as Tinent Rodríguez Haro
 * 1983: Victoria! 2: El frenesì del 17 (Antoni Ribas) as Tinent Rodríguez Haro
 * 1983–1984: Dynasty (television series) as Peter De Vilbis
 * 1984: Victoria! 3: La razon y el arrebato (Antoni Ribas) as Tinent Rodríguez Haro
 * 1985: Code Name: Emerald (Jonathan Sanger) as Ernst Ritter
 * 1988: Faceless (Jess Franco) as Docteur Flamand
 * 1988: Act of Revenge (Salvatore Nocita)
 * 1989: La Puritana (Nini Grassia) as Carlo Martora-Doctor
 * 1990: The Godfather Part III (Francis Ford Coppola) as Frederick Keinszig
 * 1992: Adelaide (Lucio Gaudino) as Gilas
 * 1993: Boomtown (Christoph Schrewe) as Richard Schwarzer
 * 1993: Ludwig 1881 (F. Dubini / D. Dubini) as King Ludwig II
 * 1995: L'affaire Dreyfuss (Yves Boisset) as Schwartzkoppen
 * 1996: L'ombra del faraone (S. Ben Barka)
 * 1996: Teo (Cinzia TH Torrini) as Signor Mastrovito
 * 1997: The 120 Days of Bottrop (Christoph Schlingensief) as Himself
 * 1997: Last Cut (Marcello Avallone)
 * 1999: Under the Palms (M. Kruishoop) as David
 * 2004: Honey Baby (Mika Kaurismäki) as Karl / Hades
 * 2005: Damals warst du still (R. Matsutani) as Fabian Plessen
 * 2009: Zapping Alien (V. Zeplichal) as Jack / 00Y / Georg II
 * 2009: Blutsfreundschaft (Peter Kern) as Gustav Tritzinsky
 * 2009: Iron Cross (Joshua Newton) as Shrager / Vogler
 * 2011: Mörderschwestern (Peter Kern) as Dr. Schleier
 * 2013: The Devil's Violinist (Bernard Rose) as Lord Burghersh
 * 2014: Saint Laurent (Bertrand Bonello) as Yves Saint Laurent en 1989
 * 2015: Helmut Berger, Actor (Andreas Horvath), documentary film as himself
 * 2016: Timeless (Alexander Tuschinski) as Professor Martin
 * 2019: Helmut Berger, meine Mutter und ich (Valesca Peters), documentary film as himself
 * 2019: Freedom (Albert Serra) as Baron von Walchern

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Helmut Berger


text: User talk:71.104.0.69

title: User talk:71.104.0.69


text:
Roll Bounce

Roll Bounce is a 2005 American comedy-drama film written by Norman Vance Jr. and directed by Malcolm D. Lee. The film stars hip hop artist Bow Wow as the leader of a roller skating crew in 1970s Chicago. The film also includes Nick Cannon, Meagan Good, Brandon T. Jackson, Wesley Jonathan, Chi McBride, Kellita Smith, Jurnee Smollett and Mike Epps. The name of the film is derived from the 1979 song "Bounce, Rock, Skate, Roll" by Vaughan Mason & Crew.

Plot
In 1978 Chicago, after the local roller rink the "Palisade Garden" closes down, 16-year-old Xavier "X" Smith and his friends Junior, Boo, Naps, “Mixed” Mike, along with his new neighbor Tori, spend their summer roller skating in the ritzy uptown rink "Sweetwater" where they are disrespected by the five-year roller disco contest champions, Sweetness and his crew, the Sweetwater Rollers. They enter the contest themselves to earn their place at the rink. Xavier also reconnects with an old crush Naomi.

Xavier's home life is strained after the death of his mother, leaving his father Curtis struggling to take care of Xavier and his sister Sonya while restoring his late wife's car. Curtis finds Xavier's skating a waste of time and prefers him to be at home taking care of chores. Unbeknownst to Xavier and Sonya, Curtis lost his job as an aerospace engineer and has had to take a job as a janitor. Curtis connects with Tori's mother Vivian, who was initially hostile for Curtis taking Tori to the roller rink with Xavier without Vivian's permission. Xavier learns about his father's unemployment when he finds his car for sale and confronts him. Xavier smashes the windows of his late mother's car in a rage, before both he and Curtis break down in tears. Xavier also wrongfully lashes out at Naomi. Following days of not paying attention to his father, Xavier opens a package addressed to Curtis, which are a pair of new skates for Xavier. His current skates, a gift from his mother, have begun to break down. Curtis explains he was hurting so much from his wife's death that he neglected Xavier and Sonya, and he promises to be a more attentive father. He makes amends with Naomi as well.

At the skating competition Xavier and his team "the Garden Boys" are set to go last so the Sweetwater Rollers can steal their original song choice "Le Freak". Naps manages to find the song "Hollywood Swinging" as a suitable replacement song. For the first time in the history of the competition, the Sweetwater Rollers tie for first place with another team, the Garden Boys. Sweetness challenges Xavier to a one-on-one skate-off with no falls. Xavier throws out every move he knows and is set to win when he attempts a triple Lutz jump, but falls and loses the competition. He does, however, earns the respect of Sweetness and the audience. Xavier and Naomi share a kiss, while Junior shares one with Tori, whom he had ridiculed for having braces before she had them removed, as well a whole new makeover from her previous tomboy look. Everyone skates together.

Reception
Roll Bounce received mixed to positive reviews from critics. , the film holds a 66% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 90 reviews with an average rating of 6.00/10. The website's critics consensus reads: "Roll Bounce dazzles us with a classic late 1970's feel, but this coming of age film could have been more than just a spin around the roller rink."

Soundtrack
Roll Bounce: The Album was released on September 20, 2005, by Sanctuary Urban Records Group.

Overview
The soundtrack features artists such as Keith Sweat, Foxy, Chaka Khan, Beyoncé, Earth, Wind & Fire, Fabolous, Yo-Yo, Michelle Williams, Bill Withers, Chic, Jamiroquai, Kool & the Gang and Vaughan Mason & Crew.

 * Other songs in the film include
 * "Flash Light" - Parliament
 * "Emotion" - Samantha Sang
 * "Can You Feel the Force?" - The Real Thing
 * "Love to Love You Baby" - Donna Summer
 * "I'll Keep Loving You" - Carl Douglas
 * "Barracuda" - Heart
 * "Rock the Boat" - The Hues Corporation
 * "Baby Hold On" - Eddie Money
 * "On the Beautiful Blue Danube" - Royal Philharmonic Orchestra
 * "Kung Fu Fighting" - Carl Douglas
 * "I'm Your Boogie Man" - KC and the Sunshine Band
 * "Let's Roll" - Chaka Khan
 * "Easy" - Commodores
 * "For All We Know" - Donny Hathaway
 * "Boogie Fever" - The Sylvers
 * "Pick Up the Pieces" - Average White Band
 * "Fire" - Ohio Players
 * "He's the Greatest Dancer" - Sister Sledge
 * "Baby Come Back" - Player

title: Roll Bounce


text:
Mount Pleasant, Western Australia

Mount Pleasant is a suburb of Perth, Western Australia, located within Wajuk country, and the City of Melville, on the Canning River. It is bounded by Canning Highway to the north, the Canning River to the east, Cranford Avenue, Moolyeen Road and Canning Avenue to the south, and Rogerson Road, Coomoora Road, Henley Road and Ardross Street to the west.

Mount Pleasant Primary School is located entirely within the boundaries of Mount Pleasant, and Brentwood Primary School abuts Mount Pleasant in the south west of Mount Pleasant just south of Blue Gum Park.

Bus

 * 111 WACA Ground to Fremantle Station – serves Canning Highway
 * 114 Elizabeth Quay Bus Station to Lake Coogee – serves Canning Highway
 * 115 Elizabeth Quay Bus Station to Hamilton Hill Memorial Hall – serves Canning Highway
 * 160 WACA Ground to Fremantle Station – serves Canning Highway, Reynolds Road and Coomoora Road
 * 500 Booragoon Bus Station to Bull Creek Station – serves Canning Avenue and Bateman Road
 * 910 Perth Busport to Fremantle Station (high frequency) – serves Canning Highway

title: Mount Pleasant, Western Australia


text: File:Nine months.jpg

title: File:Nine months.jpg


text:
Confit

Confit (from the French word confire, literally "to preserve")  is any type of food that is cooked slowly over a long period as a method of preservation.

Confit, as a cooking term, describes when food is cooked in grease or oil at a lower temperature, as opposed to deep frying. While deep frying typically takes place at temperatures of 325 - 450 F, confit preparations are done at a much lower temperature, such as an oil temperature of around 200 F, or sometimes even cooler. The term is usually used in modern cuisine to mean long, slow cooking in oil or fat at low temperatures, many having no element of preservation, such as in dishes like confit potatoes.

For meat, this method requires the meat to be salted as part of the preservation process. After salting and cooking in fat, confit can last for several months or years when sealed and stored in a cool, dark place. Confit is a specialty of southwestern France.

Etymology
The word comes from the French verb confire (to preserve), which in turn comes from the Latin word (conficere), meaning "to do, to produce, to make, to prepare." The French verb was first applied in medieval times to fruits cooked and preserved in sugar.

Fruit confit
Fruit confit is candied fruit (whole fruit, or pieces thereof) preserved in sugar. The fruit must be fully infused with sugar to its core; larger fruit takes considerably longer than smaller ones to candy. Thus, while small fruit such as cherries are confits whole, it is quite rare to see whole large fruit, such as melon confits since the time and energy involved in producing large fruit confits makes them quite expensive.

Meat confit
Confit of goose (confit d'oie) or duck (confit de canard) is usually prepared from the legs of the bird. The meat is salted and seasoned with herbs and slowly cooked submerged in its own rendered fat (never to exceed 85 C), in which it is then preserved by allowing it to cool and storing it in the fat. Turkey and pork may be treated in the same manner. Meat confit is a specialty of the southwest of France (Toulouse, Dordogne, etc.) and is used in dishes such as cassoulet. Confit preparations originated as a means of preserving meat without refrigeration.

In a restaurant context, confit is usually served after further preparation. Whole confit leg is baked to crisp the skin or added to a casserole-type dish. Confit duck leg is used to make rillettes.

History
The traditional meat for confit includes waterfowl such as goose and duck, and pork. Duck gizzards are also commonly cooked in the confit method. Varying forms of this delicacy thrive throughout southern France.

"Confit country" is the area of Occitan France, where goose fat is used for cooking, as opposed to olive oil, which is used in Provence, where olives were plentiful and thus cheap.

Confit country is divided roughly into regions where one type of meat predominates the confit preparations. Goose confit is associated with the Béarn and Basque regions with their classic specialties of cassoulet and garbure, hearty and earthy dishes of confit and beans. Saintonge and Brantôme feature duck confit, often with potatoes and truffles.

Non-waterfowl meats are frequently treated to the confit process but are not classically considered true confits. The French refer only to duck and goose confits as true confits; other meats poached in duck or goose fat are considered en confit ("in confit"). For example, chicken cooked in goose fat is called poulet en confit. Pork is often confit and shredded to create rillettes.

Condiment confit
Italian cooking uses several "condiment confits," such as onion confit, chili confit, and garlic confit.

title: Confit


text:
Talk:Confit

I think that for round fruits, the time needed for confit is in r2 where r is the radius of the fruit. I'd like confirmation of this. David.Monniaux 13:03, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

What is tomato confit? Is that preserved in sugar?

Bon Anniversaire, "Confit" article!Mateo LeFou 15:13, 1 September 2006 (UTC)

Inadequate definition!
I've been a qualified chef for 18 years & have worked all around the world for chefs such as Tetsuya Wakuda, Marco Piere White & Thommas Keller. I have issues with definition of fruit confit. As far as I'm aware confit in ALL regards MUST be cookin in some kind of fat or oil; generaly for fruit & vegetables, it's a neutral flavoured oil such as canola or grapeseed oil. That definition of fruit confit is using the definition very loosely. cooking it in a sugar syrup to me isn't confit. He's calling it confit because it's cooked until it's soft The definition decribed on the page is closer to a macerate rather then a confit

confit Larousse Gastronomique macerate Larousse Gastronomique —Preceding unsigned comment added by Trymybeef (talk • contribs) 04:41, 21 January 2008 (UTC)

 * I agree with Trymybeef above. This article has problems.  The lead paragraph weasels around but never says that a 'confit' preparation is cooking.  If it's not, show an example.  If it is, SAY SO.  Here's yet another reference to help you define confit:  - "... To the pastry chef, confit refers to candied fruit--fruit cooked slowly in sugar syrup until tender." Dmforcier (talk) 18:59, 22 April 2010 (UTC)

confusion
On the one hand, this article says that confit should be made and stored submerged in fat, on the other hand (at least "in a restaurant context") it should have crispy skin. These seem to me mutually exclusive. Can someone with the knowledge explain this in more detail?--69.172.145.182 (talk) 16:05, 27 March 2014 (UTC)

curiosity
Is pork really a waterfowl? I would never have guessed. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 147.188.245.167 (talk) 17:47, 20 January 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Confit


text:
Sábalo

Sábalo or sabalo are Spanish common names of many fish species, most of them from South America, but also a few found elsewhere:

 * Alosa alosa (Spain)
 * Arius heudelotii (Mauritania), a species of Arius
 * Brycon spp. (northern South America, especially Ecuador) — B. alburbus, B. atrocaudatus, B. behreae, B. cephalus, B. coyexi, B. dentex, B. falcatus, B. melanopterus, B. oligolepis, B. pesu, B. stolzmanni, B. striatulus, B. whitei
 * Chanos chanos (Southeast Asia and Mexico), a.k.a. "milkfish"
 * Elops saurus (Dominican Republic), a.k.a. "ladyfish" or "ten-pounder"
 * Megalops atlanticus (Puerto Rico, Cuba, Venezuela, United States, etc.), a.k.a. "tarpon"
 * Prochilodus lineatus (Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay)
 * Salminus hilarii (Peru), a species of Salminus

title: Sábalo


text: User talk:217.173.110.58

title: User talk:217.173.110.58


text:
Murdoch, Western Australia

Murdoch is a suburb of Perth, Western Australia, located within the City of Melville. Murdoch University, St John of God Hospital Murdoch and Fiona Stanley Hospital are located in Murdoch. The suburb is named after Sir Walter Murdoch.

Location
Murdoch is located next to Winthrop, Bateman, Kardinya and North Lake. Boundaries with these suburbs are delineated by Somerville Drive, Murdoch Drive, Prescott Drive and Farrington Road respectively.

Land use
Murdoch's residential area is primarily on the northern side of South Street; the area on the southern side is primarily for commercial usage. While hospitals and educational institutions dominate the suburb's land usage, the area also includes a police station, a fire station, and the minimum-security Wandoo Rehabilitation Prison.

Hospitals
There are two major hospital complexes within Murdoch: the privately owned St John of God Hospital and the Government-operated Fiona Stanley Hospital that opened in October 2014.

Education
Tertiary education institutions Murdoch University and a campus of the South Metropolitan TAFE are located in Murdoch. Kennedy Baptist College caters for students from year 7 to 12. There are no primary schools within the suburb.

Transport
Train & Bus Interchange Murdoch railway station

Bus
 * 998 Fremantle railway station to Fremantle Station (limited stops) – CircleRoute Clockwise, serves - Barry Marshall Pde, Murdoch University & South Street
 * 999 Fremantle railway station to Fremantle railway station (limited stops) – CircleRoute Anti-Clockwise serves - Barry Marshall Pde, Murdoch University & South Street
 * 204 Maddington railway station to Murdoch University - serves Barry Marshall Pde & Murdoch railway station
 * 205 Maddington railway station to Murdoch University - serves Barry Marshall Pde & Murdoch railway station
 * 206 Cannington railway station to Murdoch University - serves Barry Marshall Pde & Murdoch railway station
 * 207 Cannington railway station to Murdoch University - serves Barry Marshall Pde & Murdoch railway station
 * 503 Bull Creek railway station to Murdoch railway station serves - South St & Murdoch University
 * 504 Bull Creek railway station to Murdoch railway station serves - South St & Murdoch University
 * 505 Bull Creek railway station to Murdoch railway station serves - South St & Murdoch Drive
 * 511 Fremantle railway station to Murdoch Station serves - Barry Marshall Pde, Murdoch Drive & South St
 * 512 Fremantle railway station to Murdoch railway station serves - Barry Marshall Pde, Murdoch Drive & Farrington Rd
 * 513 Fremantle railway station to Murdoch railway station serves - South St & Murdoch University
 * 514 Murdoch railway station to Cockburn Central railway station serves - Barry Marshall Pde & Murdoch Drive
 * 517 Thornlie railway station to Murdoch TAFE serves - Jennalup St, Fiona Wood Rd & Barry Marshall Pde
 * 518 Cockburn Central railway station to Murdoch TAFE serves - Jennalup St, Fiona Wood Rd & Barry Marshall Pde
 * 519 Armadale railway station to Murdoch TAFE serves - Jennalup St, Fiona Wood Rd & Barry Marshall Pde

Churches
There are several churches based in the suburb of Murdoch, including Evangel Christian Fellowship; an evangelical church based in Murdoch University since 1991.

title: Murdoch, Western Australia


text:
Myaree, Western Australia

Myaree is a suburb of Perth, Western Australia, located within the City of Melville. Myaree gets its name from an Aboriginal word meaning foliage.

Myaree is a predominantly light industrial area. When it was developed, roads were named after soldiers killed in World War I and early settlers in the area.

title: Myaree, Western Australia


text:
Kaiserkeller

Kaiserkeller is a music club in the St. Pauli quarter of Hamburg, Germany, near the Reeperbahn. It was opened by Bruno Koschmider on 14 October 1959. The Beatles had a contract with Kaiserkeller to play there in 1960.

History
A Caribbean steel band that had played at Allan Williams' The Jacaranda club in Liverpool took an offer to play in Hamburg. After receiving letters enthusing about Hamburg's club scene, Williams made contact with Koschmider, offering to act as a booking agent, to which Koschmider agreed. Koschmider had previously booked Derry and the Seniors after seeing them perform in London, and as they were successful in Hamburg, he asked Williams to look for additional groups. Rory Storm and The Hurricanes were Williams' first choice, but as they were committed to a season at a Butlins holiday camp, they turned his offer down, as did Gerry & The Pacemakers, so Williams sent The Beatles to Hamburg instead. They were required to play six or seven hours a night, seven nights a week. The Beatles first played at Koschmider's Indra club, sleeping in small, "dirty" rooms in the Bambi Kino, and then moved (after the closure of the Indra) to the larger Kaiserkeller.

After the summer season ended in early October 1960, Rory Storm and The Hurricanes were free to travel to Hamburg, replacing Derry and The Seniors at the Kaiserkeller. They arrived in Hamburg on 1 October 1960, having negotiated to be paid more than The Seniors or the Beatles. They played five or six 90-minute sets every day, alternating with the Beatles. Rory Storm and The Hurricanes were later presented with a special certificate by Koschmider for their performances.

The St. Pauli quarter was well known as being an area where prostitutes were to be found, and was dangerous for anyone that looked different from the usual clientele. The stage of the Kaiserkeller was made of planks of wood balanced on the top of beer crates, so the two groups made a bet to see to who would be the first to break it. After punishing the stage for days, a slight crack appeared, and when Storm jumped off the top of the upright piano, it finally broke. Storm's guitarist, Johnny 'Guitar' Byrne, remembered that as Storm hit the stage, it cracked loudly and formed a V-shape around Storm. He disappeared into it, and all the amplifiers and drummer Ringo Starr's cymbals slid into the hole. Koschmider was furious, and had to replace the live music with a juke box. Both groups went across the road to Harold's cafe for breakfast, but were followed by Koschmider's doormen with coshes, who beat the musicians as punishment. Horst Fascher was Koschmider's nightclub bouncer, whose career as a boxer had been cut short (he had unintentionally killed a sailor in a street fight) although he later became a friend of the Beatles, and protected them.

Klaus Voormann once watched performances by The Hurricanes and the Beatles in the club, and invited photographer Astrid Kirchherr and friend Jürgen Vollmer to watch the performances the next day. The Beatles bass player, Stuart Sutcliffe, met Kirchherr between sets, and began dating Kirchherr shortly thereafter. Voormann was in a relationship with Kirchherr at the time, although after other visits to the Kaiserkeller their relationship became purely platonic, although she always remained close friends with Voormann.

In October 1960, The Beatles left Koschmider's club and worked at the Top Ten Club, which was run by Peter Eckhorn. When McCartney and drummer Pete Best went back to the Bambi Kino to get their belongings they found it in almost total darkness. As a snub to Koschmider, they found a condom, attached it to a nail on the concrete wall of their room, and set fire to it. There was no real damage, but Koschmider reported them for attempted arson. McCartney and Best spent three hours in a local jail and were deported, as was Harrison, for working under the legal age limit. Lennon's work permit was revoked a few days later and he went home by train, but Sutcliffe had a cold and stayed in Hamburg, and then flew home.

Later years
Today the Kaiserkeller is an alternative Rock Club that belongs to the "Große Freiheit 36".

title: Kaiserkeller


text:
Talk:Golden birthday

Untitled
I'd never heard of it either, but Google seems to give enough independent references. Golden Birthday also seems to be used for a 50th Notinasnaid 13:05, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Agreed, but shouldn't this live on Wiktionary? This is a dicdef. Tonywalton [[Image:Pentacle_1.svg|15px]] | Talk 14:01, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

Being bold
Merging this scrap into birthday because quite a few people agreed with this in the AfD. --Tony Sidaway Talk 10:28, 11 September 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Golden birthday


text:
Device mapper

The device mapper is a framework provided by the Linux kernel for mapping physical block devices onto higher-level virtual block devices. It forms the foundation of the logical volume manager (LVM), software RAIDs and dm-crypt disk encryption, and offers additional features such as file system snapshots.

Device mapper works by passing data from a virtual block device, which is provided by the device mapper itself, to another block device. Data can be also modified in transition, which is performed, for example, in the case of device mapper providing disk encryption or simulation of unreliable hardware behavior.

This article focuses on the device mapper implementation in the Linux kernel, but the device mapper functionality is also available in both NetBSD and DragonFly BSD.

Usage
Applications (like LVM2 and Enterprise Volume Management System (EVMS)) that need to create new mapped devices talk to the device mapper via the  shared library, which in turn issues ioctls to the   device node. Configuration of the device mapper can be also examined and configured interactively—or from shell scripts—by using the utility.

Both of these two userspace components have their source code maintained alongside the LVM2 source.

Features

Functions provided by the device mapper include linear, striped and error mappings, as well as crypt and multipath targets. For example, two disks may be concatenated into one logical volume with a pair of linear mappings, one for each disk. As another example, crypt target encrypts the data passing through the specified device, by using the Linux kernel's Crypto API.

, the following mapping targets are available:

 * cache – allows creation of hybrid volumes, by using solid-state drives (SSDs) as caches for hard disk drives (HDDs)
 * clone – will permit usage before a transfer is complete.
 * crypt – provides data encryption, by using the Linux kernel's Crypto API
 * delay – delays reads and/or writes to different devices (used for testing)
 * era – behaves in a way similar to the linear target, while it keeps track of blocks that were written to within a user-defined period of time
 * error – simulates I/O errors for all mapped blocks (used for testing)
 * flakey – simulates periodic unreliable behaviour (used for testing)
 * linear – maps a continuous range of blocks onto another block device
 * mirror – maps a mirrored logical device, while providing data redundancy
 * multipath – supports the mapping of multipathed devices, through usage of their path groups
 * raid – offers an interface to the Linux kernel's software RAID driver (md)
 * snapshot and snapshot-origin – used for creation of LVM snapshots, as part of the underlying copy-on-write scheme
 * striped – stripes the data across physical devices, with the number of stripes and the striping chunk size as parameters
 * thin –  allows creation of devices larger than the underlying physical device, physical space is allocated only when written to
 * zero – an equivalent of , all reads return blocks of zeros, and writes are discarded

Applications
Linux kernel features and projects built on top of the device mapper include the following:

 * cryptsetup – utility used to conveniently setup disk encryption based on dm-crypt
 * dm-crypt/LUKS – mapping target that provides volume encryption
 * dm-cache – mapping target that allows creation of hybrid volumes
 * dm-integrity – mapping target that provides data integrity, either using checksumming or cryptographic verification,  also used with LUKS
 * dm-log-writes – mapping target that uses two devices, passing through the first device and logging the write operations performed to it on the second device
 * dm-verity – validates the data blocks contained in a file system against a list of cryptographic hash values, developed as part of the ChromiumOS project
 * – provides access to "fake" RAID configurations via the device mapper
 * DM Multipath – provides I/O failover and load-balancing of block devices within the Linux kernel
 * Docker – uses device mapper to create copy-on-write storage for software containers
 * DRBD (Distributed Replicated Block Device)
 * EVMS (deprecated)
 * – utility called from hotplug upon device maps creation and deletion
 * LVM2 – logical volume manager for the Linux kernel
 * VeraCrypt - Linux version of TrueCrypt
 * VDO - Virtual Data Optimizer

title: Device mapper


text:
Rhys Wakefield

Rhys Wakefield is an Australian actor and director, known for his roles in Australian TV series Home and Away, the feature film The Black Balloon (2008) and in season 3 of HBO's True Detective in 2019.

Wakefield's debut feature film as director, Berserk, was released in American cinemas on 5 April 2019. He is also the director and co-creator of sci-fi podcast series, From Now, which is being developed into a TV Series with Amazon Studios.

Early life and education
Wakefield was born in Cairns, Queensland, to a medical standards officer mother and a father who serves in the navy. Before appearing as Lucas in Home and Away, Wakefield had been acting for more than six years. He attended classes at McDonald College of Performing Arts where he won the acting scholarship in 2003, during which time he performed in numerous Shakespeare festivals, working with both Opera Australia and the Australian Ballet. Wakefield graduated in 2006.

Career
His first professional acting role was on the Australian TV series Don't Blame Me, where he appeared in two episodes.

In August 2005, Wakefield was cast as Lucas Holden in the long-running Australian soap opera Home and Away. His character was the youngest child of the Holden family until his father Tony and stepmother Rachel had his baby brother Harry. His performance on the series led to a Logie nomination for 'Best New Talent' in 2006. During his time on the show he was involved in a controversial storyline which led the Australian broadcasting regulator (ACMA) to conclude that scenes had breached the Australian broadcasting code, a finding which was responsible for the series being re-classified as PG.

Wakefield played his first leading role in a feature film in The Black Balloon as Thomas Mollison which led to a nomination for Best Actor by the Australian Film Institute and the Australian Film Critics Circle. The film opened on 6 March 2008 in Australia after premiering at the Berlin International Film Festival in Germany, where it received the Crystal Bear as the best feature-length film in the Generation 14plus category.

Wakefield has played the lead in Sanctum, the Polite Leader in The Purge franchise, and as Dick Cheney in The First Lady.

As a filmmaker, Wakefield co-wrote and directed the short film A Man Walks Into a Bar which was a finalist at the 2013 Tropfest International Short Film Festival in Sydney. His screenplay, entitled Please Close the Gate was a feature finalist at the 2016 Cinequest Film Festival Screenwriting competition and was officially selected for the Beverly Hills Film festival that same year.

Wakefield plays Freddy Burns in season 3 of HBO's True Detective.

Wakefield's first directed feature film, Berserk, was released in American cinemas on 5 April 2019. It stars Nick Cannon, James Roday, Nora Arnezeder, Erin Moriarty and Jack Falahee and was executive produced by Brian Kavanaugh-Jones. The film was partially based on someone trying to break into Wakefield's home. Wakefield also co-wrote and produced the film with William Day Frank.

Wakefield was listed by TVLine as one of their 'Breakout Stars to Watch' for his leading performance as Matty in Reprisal on Hulu.

In 2021, it was announced that Amazon Studios won rights to adapt QCode sci-fi podcast series, From Now, as a TV series. Golden Globe winners Richard Madden (Game of Thrones) and Brian Cox (Succession) will serve as executive producers. The podcast series, which stars Cox and Madden, debuted in late December 2020 and peaked at number two overall in the Apple Podcast global charts. The podcast was created by Wakefield and William Day Frank. The duo will adapt the series for TV. In an interview with the Wall Street Journal, Wakefield said that from the beginning they had planned for the podcast "to come to the screen eventually".

Accolades
Wakefield was nominated for Best Actor in a Feature Film by the Australian Film Institute and the Film Critics Circle of Australia for his performance in The Black Balloon. His AFI nomination for Best Actor in The Black Balloon is Australia's equivalent of the Academy Awards. Wakefield was nominated against Guy Pearce, William McInnes and David Roberts. The Australian Film Institute is now known as the Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts (AACTA) Awards.

title: Rhys Wakefield


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/ZGMF-X901S Fortune Gundam

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. — J I P | Talk 14:56, 10 September 2005 (UTC)

ZGMF-X901S Fortune Gundam
Article has no basis in fact, the whole article is unsubstantiated rumors FearTheReaper 13:08, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep What part of the Gundam universe is based on fact? DV8 2XL 13:32, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. Non-canon Gundamcruft.  Although DV8's answer is funny.  Proto t c 14:07, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete with a vengeance. Fake message board rumors with no basis in anything but the imaginations of the people that post them are not in any way notable or encyclopedic. Wikipedia doesn't have a directory of fanart or fanfic, so why should fan-created Gundams be any different? Redxiv 16:51, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. Fanfic/hoax by its own admission. - A Man In Black (Talk | Contribs) 19:36, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete non-canon fanfic per WP:FICT. -Splash 23:55, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete no proof. - Plau 10:22, 1 September 2005
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
City of Liverpool (New South Wales)

The City of Liverpool is a local government area, administered by Liverpool City Council, located in the south-west of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. The area encompasses 305.5 km2 and its administrative centre is located in the suburb of Liverpool.

The mayor of the City is Cr. Ned Mannoun, a member of the Liberal Party.

Suburbs and localities in the local government area
The following suburbs and localities are located within the City of Liverpool: • Ashcroft

• Austral

• Badgerys Creek

• Bradfield

• Bringelly (shared with Camden)

• Busby

• Carnes Hill

• Cartwright

• Casula

• Cecil Hills

• Cecil Park (shared with Fairfield)

• Chipping Norton

• Denham Court (shared with Campbelltown)

• Edmondson Park

• Green Valley

• Greendale

• Hammondville

• Heckenberg

• Hinchinbrook

• Holsworthy

• Horningsea Park

• Hoxton Park

• Kemps Creek (shared with Penrith)

• Leppington (shared with Camden)

• Liverpool

• Luddenham (shared with Penrith)

• Lurnea

• Middleton Grange

• Miller

• Moorebank

• Mount Pritchard (shared with Fairfield)

• Pleasure Point

• Prestons

• Rossmore (shared with Camden)

• Sadleir

• Voyager Point

• Wallacia (shared with Penrith)

• Warwick Farm

• Wattle Grove

• West Hoxton

Demographics
At the there were 204,326 people in the Liverpool local government area, of these 49.6 per cent were male and 50.4 per cent were female. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people made up 1.5 per cent of the population; significantly below the NSW and Australian averages of 2.9 and 2.8 per cent respectively. The median age of people in the City of Liverpool was 33 years; significantly lower than the national median of 38 years. Children aged 0 – 14 years made up 22.7 per cent of the population and people aged 65 years and over made up 10.4 per cent of the population. Of people in the area aged 15 years and over, 51.8 per cent were married and 11.0 per cent were either divorced or separated.

Population growth in the City of Liverpool between the and the  was 7.14 per cent and in the subsequent five years to the, population growth was 9.44 per cent. At the 2016 census, the population in the City increased by 13.24 per cent. When compared with total population growth of Australia for the same period, being 8.8 per cent, population growth in the Liverpool local government area was significantly higher than the national average. The median weekly income for residents within the City of Liverpool was lower than the national average.

At the 2016 census, the area was linguistically diverse, with a significantly higher than average proportion (57.2 per cent) where two or more languages are spoken (national average was 22.2 per cent); and a significantly lower proportion (41.4 per cent) where English only was spoken at home (national average was 72.7 per cent). The proportion of residents who stated a religious affiliation with Islam was in excess of four times the national average; and the proportion of residents with no religion slightly less than one–third the national average.

Current composition and election method
Liverpool City Council is composed of eleven councillors, including the mayor, for a fixed four-year term of office. The mayor is directly elected while the ten other Councillors are elected proportionally as two separate wards, each electing five councillors. The most recent election was held on 4 December 2021, and the makeup of the council, including the mayor, is as follows:

The current Council, elected in 2021, in order of election by ward, is:

History
It is one of the oldest urban settlements in Australia, founded in 1810 as an agricultural centre by Governor Lachlan Macquarie. He named it after Robert Banks Jenkinson, Earl of Liverpool, who was then the secretary of state for the Colonies and the British city of Liverpool upon which some of the city's architecture is based.

Municipal history
On 19 September 1843, the Liverpool District Council was established by charter, with Captain Samuel Moore as its first magistrate and warden, and Thomas Valentine Blomfield, Thomas Harper, David Johnston, Joshua John Moore, Richard Sadlier and Edward Weston as councillors. Its area also included most of Sutherland Shire. The new form of government was not popular and fizzled out by 1850.

After 148 local residents lodged a petition with the governor on 4 September 1871, the Municipality of Liverpool was proclaimed on 27 June 1872. At its first election on 27 August 1872, Richard Sadleir was elected Mayor.

On 1 January 1949, the Municipality absorbed Riding B of the abolished Nepean Shire.

On 9 December 1960, the Municipality was proclaimed by Governor Eric Woodward as the City of Liverpool.

Regional history
Liverpool is at the head of navigation of the Georges River and combined with the Great Southern Railway from Sydney to Melbourne reaching Liverpool in the late 1850s, Liverpool became a major agricultural and transportation centre as the land in the district was very productive. A large army base was established in Liverpool during World War I, and exists to this day as the Holsworthy Barracks. There are a number of other military establishments in neighbouring Moorebank.

Until the 1950s, Liverpool was still a satellite town with an agricultural economy based on poultry farming and market gardening. However the tidal surge of urban sprawl which engulfed the rich flatlands west of Sydney known as the Cumberland Plain soon reached Liverpool, and it became an outer suburb of metropolitan Sydney with a strong working-class presence and manufacturing facilities. Liverpool also became renowned for its vast Housing Commission estates housing thousands of low-income families after the slum clearance and urban renewal programs in inner-city Sydney in the 1960s.

The City of Liverpool is home to one of the largest municipal libraries in Sydney.

title: City of Liverpool (New South Wales)


text:
Ariarathes VI of Cappadocia

Ariarathes VI Epiphanes Philopator (Ἀριαράθης Ἐπιφανής Φιλοπάτωρ), was the Ariarathid king of Cappadocia from 130 BC to 116 BC. He was the youngest son of Ariarathes V of Cappadocia and Nysa of Cappadocia.

Name
"Ariarathes" is the Hellenized form of an Old Iranian name, perhaps *Arya-wratha ("having Aryan joy"). The name is attested in Aramaic as Ariorath or Ariourat, and in later Latin sources as Ariaratus.

Reign
He was a child at his succession, and for this reason the power was kept by his mother, who acted as his regent. At some point his mother seems to have poisoned all of Ariarathes’ five brothers; but the infant king was saved by people loyal to the dynasty and had Nysa killed. Using this as a pretext, his maternal uncle, King Mithridates V Euergetes of Pontus (150 BC–120 BC), tried to assert control over the country by marrying Ariarathes to Mithridates' first daughter, Laodice of Cappadocia, who was also Ariarathes' maternal cousin. Laodice bore Ariarathes one daughter and two sons: Nysa who married King Nicomedes III Euergetes of Bithynia; Ariarathes VII Philometor and Ariarathes VIII Epiphanes.

Since this wasn't deemed enough to transform Cappadocia in a satellite of Pontus, Mithridates V Euergetes' son, Mithridates VI, murdered Ariarathes using Gordius, a Cappadocian nobleman. On his death the kingdom was briefly ruled by Ariarathes' widow and then seized by King Nicomedes III of Bithynia, who married Laodice, the king's widow. Nicomedes III was soon expelled by Mithridates VI, who placed upon the throne Ariarathes VII.

Coinage and Imperial ideology
While most Cappadocian kings preferred to portray themselves with a Hellenistic diadem, Ariarathes VI combined the diadem with a rare tiara, thus portraying himself in a royal Iranian manner. However, he still continued to mint coins of himself wearing a diadem only, while coins of him wearing a tiara was mainly used on his tetradrachms, which implies that it was probably done with the purpose for the grandees and kings of Armenia, Commagene, Pontus, and possibly Parthia, to see it. The modern historian Matthew Canepa (2017) suggested that Ariarathes VI minted these two different types of images "to promote both cultural backgrounds in the numismatic medium intended for the army, court and foreign circulation."

title: Ariarathes VI of Cappadocia


text:
Palmyra, Western Australia

Palmyra is a suburb of Perth, Western Australia, located within the City of Melville.

The suburb east of Fremantle appears to have been first established as the Palmyra Estate in 1903. The north-eastern corner of Palmyra is some 14 km from the Perth G.P.O.

The W.A. State Primary School the corner of what was then McKimmie Street (now McKimmie Road) between Zenobia and Aurelian Streets, was established in 1913. Its first Centenary was celebrated enthusiastically by students, residents and past pupils on Saturday 9 November 2013. There is also a School associated with the Catholic Our Lady of Fatima Church at 8 Foss Street. The St Peter and St Mark Anglican Church is a 2 Hammad Road. The Uniting Church is at the corner of Carrington Street and the Canning Highway. The Seventh Day Adventist Church meets on Saturdays at 10 Cleopatra Street.

Palmyra includes the Fremantle Cemetery at its south-eastern suburb boundary, south of High Street/Leach Highway. Starting from its northern boundary, clockwise, Palmyra is bounded by the Canning Highway; by Stock Road on its East; by Sainsbury Road on its South; and in a dog-leg, by Carrington Street on its West, and Marmion Street on its South, and Petra Street on its West.

The Melville History Society meets at the Miller Bakehouse, corner of Elvira and Baal Streets, Palmyra.

There are a number of parks in Palmyra;

 * King Victor's Green, between Hammad, Baal and Elvira Streets, where the Miller Bakehouse Museum is situated
 * Emily Main Park, south of Palin Street,
 * Geo Thompson Park on McKimmie Road diagonally opposite Palmyra Primary School
 * Woolshed Park, bounded by McGregor Road, from Goy Close to Baal Street
 * Dark Park on the corner of Carrington Street and McGregor Road
 * Dinosaur Park on the corner of Carrington and Aurelian Streets
 * Three Bears Park on the corner of Adrian and Tamar Streets
 * Public open space on the corner of Justinian and Solomon Streets
 * Reddings Reserve, interrupting the course of Baal Street between Cleopatra and Solomon Streets
 * Oz Park on the corner of Aurelian and Justinian Streets
 * John O'Sullivan Park on the corner of Marmion and Baal Streets
 * Bill Sheehy Park between Justinian Street, McGregor Road and Leach Highway,
 * Lou Stonham Park bordering Stock Road, between McGregor Road and Forrest Street and the turn off from Leach Highway.

title: Palmyra, Western Australia


text:
Willagee, Western Australia

Willagee is a suburb of Perth, Western Australia 15 km south-southwest of the Perth central business district. It is within the local government area of City of Melville, and the electoral district of Willagee, which takes its name from the suburb.

History
Willagee is named after Willagee Swamp, the Noongar name of a now-reclaimed feature in the area. The suburb originally comprised a housing estate known as "Willagee Park", created by the State Housing Commission. Willagee was brought into existence "primarily to provide accommodation for employees in the new industrial area being developed by the Fremantle City Council." Surveying and clearing of the land had commenced in December 1950, with a number of "first-class roads" constructed by the Melville Roads Board in 1951. A number of dwellings were prefabricated homes imported from Austria. The suburb is now characterised by demountable, wooden cottages with stilts(spears), although it is in the midst of a sweeping redevelopment plan, which is supposed to improve the quality of the housing.

Geography
The suburb is bounded by Leach Highway to the north, Garling Street to the south, Stock Road to the west and North Lake Road to the east. Willagee borders Melville and Myaree to the north and north-east, Winthrop to the east, Kardinya to the south-east and south, O'Connor to the south and south-west, and Palmyra to the west and north-west.

Parks and reserves
There are ten parks and reserves located in Willagee: Arthur Kay Reserve, Harmony Park, Harry Bailey Park, Joan Williams Park, Roy Neal Reserve, Tony Zevela Park, Walter West Reserve, Webber Reserve, William Reynolds Reserve and Winnacott Reserve. The largest of these are Webber Reserve and Winnacott Reserve, which are both used by local sporting clubs, including the Willagee Bears Rugby League Football Club and the Winnacott Kats Junior Football Club.

Facilities
Much of the suburb's facilities are centred along two main thoroughfares: Winnacott Street, running north–south, and Archibald Street, running east–west. A large precinct, consisting of a library, community centre, an IGA, post office and various other stores, is located at the junction of these two roads. A smaller shopping centre, Willagee Supermarket, is located at the intersection of Leach Highway and Stock Road, in the north-west corner of the suburb.

Caralee Community School was formed in 2005 from a merger of Willagee Primary School and Carawatha Primary School, and is currently attended by approximately 300 students. The school is located in Melville Senior High School's catchment area. The Fremantle Language Development Centre is also located at the site.

Transport
Willagee is served by the 140, 160 and 502 Transperth bus routes from Fremantle. All services are operated by Transdev WA.

title: Willagee, Western Australia


text:
Winthrop, Western Australia

Winthrop is a southern suburb of Perth, Western Australia, located within the City of Melville.

History
Winthrop was originally a pine tree plantation owned by the University of Western Australia. The first blocks were sold in the early 1980s. After the first residents moved in, more blocks were sold off in a number of phases. Shortly after the first residents, a convenience store opened for business, which now includes a post office, IGA store and a florist. Soon the Winthrop Primary school and Winthrop village shopping centre were opened. Blocks were so sought after that many people resorted to sleeping near the sales office for up to a week just to secure a position.

The name is derived from that of the first Chancellor of the University of Western Australia, Sir John Winthrop Hackett. There are very few reminders of Winthrop's past as a pine plantation, with scattered remnants of pine trees being the only indication.

Transport

Road
Winthrop is bordered by 3 major roads: Leach Highway to the north, Murdoch Drive to the east, North Lake Road to the west and Somerville Boulevard to the south, which connects North Lake Road to Murdoch Drive.

The main local neighbourhood distributors are: Winthrop Drive, dividing the east and west of Winthrop, and Jackson Avenue, which passes both Winthrop Primary School and the Winthrop Village Shopping Centre. Winthrop Village Shopping Centre has been labelled Western Australia's 'Best Value Supermarket' by Today Tonight. Other minor tier roads include Hatherley Parade, Aitken Drive and Ten Seldam Circle.

Bus

 * 115 Elizabeth Quay Bus Station to Hamilton Hill Memorial Hall – serves Leach Highway, Winthrop Drive, Jackson Avenue and Somerville Boulevard
 * 160 WACA Ground to Fremantle Station – serves North Lake Road
 * 502 Bull Creek Station to Fremantle Station – serves Leach Highway
 * 503 Bull Creek Station to Murdoch Station – serves Leach Highway, Winthrop Drive and Somerville Boulevard
 * 504 Bull Creek Station to Murdoch Station – serves Leach Highway, Winthrop Drive, Jackson Avenue and Somerville Boulevard
 * 505 Bull Creek Station to Murdoch Station – serves Murdoch Drive
 * 510 Murdoch Station to Booragoon Bus Station – serves Murdoch Drive and Leach Highway
 * 511 Murdoch Station to Fremantle Station – serves Somerville Boulevard
 * 915 Bull Creek Station to Fremantle Station (high frequency) – serves Leach Highway

Train
The closest train stations are Bull Creek and Murdoch, both situated 1.2 km east of Winthrop. Fremantle Train Station is located approximately 9 km to the west.

Education
The primary schools in and around Winthrop are Winthrop Primary School, Booragoon Primary School, Caralee Community School, Kardinya Primary School and Yidarra Primary School. Nearby secondary schools include Applecross Senior High School, Corpus Christi College, Melville Senior High School, Murdoch College, and Kennedy Baptist College which was formed by a merger of Winthrop Baptist College and Somerville Baptist College in 2013. Nearby tertiary institutions include Murdoch University, Murdoch Institute of Technology, and Challenger Tafe.

Nature
Winthrop has many parks, with the central area of the suburb containing Winthrop Park that is bordered by pine trees.

There are few areas left of the original pine plantation, the largest of which is located near Winthrop Park.

Situated in the north-east of Winthrop is the Piney Lakes Reserve. There are a number of trails through it and a guided footpath. The Piney Lakes conservation centre hosts school visits, and aims to maintain the natural ecosystem in the area.

The Piney Lakes Nature Reserve is home to a number of native birds including willie wagtails, warblers and cockatoos. Southern brown bandicoots also inhabit the area.

A natural wetlands houses many native flora and fauna and is open to the public.

title: Winthrop, Western Australia


text:
File:Istanbul Pogrom 1955.jpg

Summary
Turkish mob attacking Greek property during the Istanbul pogrom, 1955.

Source: http://www.greece.org/genocide/quotes

Licensing
This is a unique picture of a historical event. That qualifies for fair use.

title: File:Istanbul Pogrom 1955.jpg


text:
Ted Wainwright

Ted Wainwright (8 April 1865 – 28 October 1919) was an English first-class cricketer, who played in 352 first-class matches for Yorkshire County Cricket Club between 1888 and 1902. An all-rounder, Wainwright helped to establish the county at the top under Lord Hawke's captaincy, during the early years of County Championship cricket. He also appeared in five Test matches for England, although without any real international success.

Life and career
Edward Wainwright was born in Tinsley, Sheffield, Yorkshire, England.

Wainwright will be remembered for gaining the lowest bowling average in the history of the County Championship – 10.17 for 97 wickets in 1894, a summer of many sticky wickets. On these wickets, he would bowl a perfect length and his spin was such that the ball, "popping" from the crust of the turf, would gain pace so that not even the most technically correct batsman could hope to survive. However, Wainwright never had any sting on hard pitches. He did not take a single wicket in his five Test matches against Australia. Wainwright featured in four of the five Tests on Stoddart's 1897/98 tour of Australia, but found, not long into the visit, that his off spin was declining to turn. By the conclusion of the tour, Wainwright became convinced of his having lost the facility. When he arrived back in Yorkshire, Wainwright went straight to the nets and noted that the ball immediately started to spin in the manner to which he had been accustomed.

A better batsman than bowler, Wainwright suffered from inconsistency, but on his day could play brilliant innings characterised by powerful hitting. Among the best was his 116 which won the match against Kent in 1900. In fielding, Wainwright excelled as a close catcher; along with John Tunnicliffe he gave vital support to Yorkshire's powerful bowling attacks, holding forty two catches in 1895.

Wainwright first played for Yorkshire in 1888, and immediately established his place in the side, chiefly through an innings of 105 against the Australians. He developed slowly over the next couple of years, but his performance on a sticky wicket at Sheffield in 1891 was the performance that established Wainwright as a deadly soft-wicket bowler. Wainwright showed no advancement as a batsman until 1893, when he got close to doing the double and played his first Test at Lord's without success. Wainwright was Yorkshire's leading wicket-taker in 1892, though they fared only modestly, and in 1893, aided by some bad wickets due to a dry spring, he took 90 wickets for 12.55 each, to help Yorkshire win its first Championship. By this time, he and Bobby Peel were the finest slow bowling partnership in county cricket, and they were often unplayable when the wicket helped them.

In 1894, against Sussex, Wainwright took five wickets in seven deliveries and finished with figures of seven for twenty (thirteen for 38 for the match). Against Middlesex, he took ten for 63, and against Surrey twelve for 108. However, his harmlessness on the best pitch of the season at The Oval made sure that he was not chosen for The Ashes tour that winter. 1895 was disappointing as a batsman and bowler, but his fielding made him a vital member of Yorkshire's eleven. In the dry summer of 1896, he recaptured his ability to exploit the few sticky wickets, and got closer to a thousand runs than ever before.

In 1897, though expensive as a bowler, Wainwright hit five centuries and was named for the 1897/1898 Ashes tour in that capacity. However, he again did not perform well in the Tests. 1899 saw Wainwright again of little use as a bowler once the harder pitches came in June, but he played a career-best 228 at the Oval and scored almost as many runs as in 1897. With Rhodes and Haigh now Yorkshire's destroyers on sticky wickets, Wainwright did little bowling in 1900 and 1901 – his last two seasons – but his batting, though inconsistent, remained highly valuable as a last resort.

Shrewsbury and Cardus
Following his retirement, he went to work as a professional at Shrewsbury School, where he was to replace William Attewell as a young Neville Cardus' colleague. As Cardus recalled in his Autobiography (although he had the date wrong: Wainwright became coach at Shrewsbury in 1914, not 1913), "When I went back to Shrewsbury in 1913, I suffered a loss. I entered the house of Mrs. Rodenhurst and at once asked whether Attewell had arrived yet. 'No,' said Mrs. Rodenhurst; 'No, Mr. Attewell wasn't coming again to Shrewsbury; another gentleman had come instead, a Mr. Wainwright from Sheffield; he was to be the cricket instructor now, with, of course, you, Mr. Neville.' She'd heard that the School had told Mr. Attewell that they were engaging somebody else.

...Wainwright, of Yorkshire and All-England, was of the modern school. 'Pla-ay back; get thi legs reight.' He was at the extreme to Attewell; he belonged to a period that marked a transition in the development of the social life of the English professional cricketer; he was a bridge from the simple and dignified forelock-touching William to the Hammonds and the Sutcliffes, who burnish their hair and go to Savile Row for their clothes.

When Mrs. Rodenhurst told me of the advent to Shrewsbury of Wainwright, I asked her if he was in his room, or where. 'No,' she said, 'he went out about an hour ago. I think you'll find him in the King's Arms.' I went to the King's Arms and made my very first appearance in the bar-parlour of a public-house. The room was empty save for one man, dressed in blue serge, with a shrewd lean face. I recognised him. I had seen him playing for Yorkshire at Old Trafford. I introduced myself. 'I'm the assistant pro.,' I explained. 'Art thou?' he replied, 'well, then 'ave a drink wi' me.' I told him I didn't drink — only ginger ale. 'Christ,' he said, 'tha'rt a reight bloody cricketer.' He was a tall man, who walked as though he didn't care a damn for anybody. There was something sinister about him. Every night he got drunk as a matter of course, quietly and masterfully. One day he backed a winner at a glorious price, and towards eleven o'clock that night he and the drill-sergeant of the school arrived arm-in-arm (supporting one another) in the sitting-room of our lodgings. Very gravely Ted introduced me to the drill-sergeant, whom of course I knew very well. The drill-sergeant as gravely introduced Ted to me, then taking my arm, he whispered rather noisily in my ear, 'I'm 'fraid 'e's a l'il drunk, so I've jus' bror him h-home.' Whereupon Ted dissolved into helpless laughter and said, 'My dear sersergeant, don't be 'diculous. . . . Bror me home? Why, you ole fool, it's me that's bror you 'ome.' Then (aside), 'E's jus' a l'il drunk, so I've bror him home.' The sergeant hooted with glee. 'Bless m' soul,' he said, 'Ted; jus' lis'en t'me. If you'd bror me home, this would be my lodgin's, see? I would be 'ome, not you. See? But this is your lodgin's—so I mus' 'ave bror you 'ome. See?'

The syllogism was too much for Ted. He collapsed and fell on his umbrella which, though the night was hot, he had carried with him for hours neatly rolled up, and he broke it into two equal halves. We then, the sergeant and I, put him to bed, the sergeant all the time solicitously muttering, 'I bror 'im home. Jus' a l'il drunk, tha's all, pore f'ler.' Next morning Ted came down to breakfast fresh as a daisy and saw the broken halves of his umbrella which Mrs. Rodenhurst had carefully laid on the sofa. 'What the 'ell,' said Ted blankly. I told him what had occurred the night before. Ted reflected; 'Ah remember as far as commin' out of t' King's Arms wi' t' sergeant and gettin' as far as t' Royal Oak, An' Ah remembers nowt else.'"

Death
Wainwright died in Sheffield in October 1919, at the age of 54.

title: Ted Wainwright


text: User talk:63.67.102.227

title: User talk:63.67.102.227


text: User talk:86.135.61.65

title: User talk:86.135.61.65