text:
Censorship in Taiwan

Censorship in Taiwan was greatly relaxed when the state moved away from authoritarianism in 1987. Since then, the media has generally been allowed to broadcast political opposition. Today, the focus of censorship is slander and libel, cross-Strait relations, and national security.

Japanese period
In 1936 the Japanese authorities prohibited Lee Shih-chiao from exhibiting his painting Reclining Nude (橫臥裸婦) at the Taiyang Art Exhibition on the basis of indecency. This instigated widespread protest from the Taiwanese art community as comparable works by western artists were held by Japanese and Taiwanese museums.

Republic of China period
In 1941, during the Second Sino-Japanese War, the second volume of the book "Inside Asia", by John Gunther, was prohibited and censored by the Chinese government.

After Taiwan was handed over the Kuomintang-led Republic of China (ROC) from Japan in 1945 and the start of the 38 year martial law period, the ROC, as an authoritarian state, exercised strict control of the media. Parties other than the Kuomintang, such as the Chinese Youth Party and China Democratic Socialist Party, were banned and media advocating either democracy or Taiwan independence was banned. Li Ao, a famous political activist in Taiwan, nationalist, and intellectual, had over 96 books banned from sale. Writer Bo Yang was jailed for eight years for his translation of the cartoon Popeye because the translation was interpreted as a criticism of leader Chiang Kai-shek. Taiwanese-language media was also banned, and children who spoke Taiwanese in school were physically punished. The revision of Criminal Acts against seditious speech in 1992 ended the persecution of political opponents.

Musician Wen Hsia became known as the "king of banned songs" due to having more than 100 songs banned by the KMT authorities.

Post-democratization
Censorship laws remain in place as applicable to the Taiwan Area, but are not enforced with the former rigour. The main areas of censorship, or alleged censorship, occur in the realms of politics, cross-Strait relations, and national security. The principal organs of censorship are the National Communications Commission (NCC) and former Government Information Office (GIO). The formerly murky lines of control exercised by the government over the media through party-ownership of media assets during the Kuomintang era have now been resolved by the progressive divestiture of such assets by the Kuomintang under sustained pressure from the Democratic Progressive Party.

Political censorship in Taiwan
Laws governing elections and politics restrict the publication and broadcasting of political material. For example, in the local elections of 2005, CDs with videos ridiculing candidates were confiscated in accordance to the Election and Recall Act. Laws prohibiting the promotion of Communism has already abolished in 2011. For example, Taiwan Communist Party obtaining registration as a political party in 2008, and become the 141st registered party in Taiwan.

More covert moves have also been made by the government to censor unfavorable media. In 2006 under Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) administration, the independent National Communications Commission (NCC) refused to renew the broadcasting licenses of certain television channels suggesting that the broadcasters were not in compliance with broadcasting standards.

Publication censorship in Taiwan
During the martial law period the KMT, the only paper to feature occasional moderate criticisms of the government (along with some of the best news reporting) was the Independence Evening Post. The publication was the first to send journalists to China four months after the lifting of martial law, despite government opposition. The authorities continually refused to allow it to publish for the more lucrative morning market until 1988.

Cross Strait relations
The use of overt and covert censorship in relation to mainland China and the People's Republic of China is an active area of controversy. For example, satellite channels perceived to adopt a pro-PRC or pro-unification editorial stance, such as Phoenix TV, were refused landing rights in Taiwan by the DPP-controlled government. Similarly, correspondent offices representing the PRC government-controlled Xinhua News Agency and the People's Daily were closed by the DPP-controlled government. These policies were reversed after the election of the Kuomintang in 2008.

Internet censorship in Taiwan
According to a survey conducted by Taiwan's Institute for Information Industry, an NGO, 81.8% of households had access to the Internet at the end of 2011.

The constitution provides for freedom of speech and press, and the authorities generally respect these rights in practice. An independent press, an effective judiciary, and a functioning democratic political system combine to protect freedom of speech and press. There are no official restrictions on access to the Internet or credible reports that the authorities monitor e-mail or Internet chat rooms without judicial oversight.

In 2016 when the Taiwanese government proposed amendments to the Copyright Act that sparked concerns about online freedom of speech and expression. The proposed changes aimed to combat online piracy but were criticized for potentially infringing on individuals’ rights to freedom of speech

Future of censorship in Taiwan
The authority for censorship in Taiwan since 2006 is the National Communications Commission (NCC). On 26 June 2006 news reports said that a review by the Council of Grand Justices of the ROC found that part of the National Communications Commission Organization Act (e.g. Article 4) is unconstitutional, and that after 31 December 2008 the law provision is invalid.

title: Censorship in Taiwan


text: User talk:70.171.8.8

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:70.171.8.8


text:
Talk:My Heart Will Go On

Release date problems
, I would like to figure out where things went so wrong with the release dates. Your removal of the notional Australia and Germany dates got me thinking. I'm assuming you looked through the Glatzer book hosted at archive.org and found nothing about these dates, in which case I applaud your work. I looked through the Google Books version of Glatzer and saw the song discussed on pages 72 and 77. Nothing in the book talked about the single's release dates, as far as I could tell. So where did those dates come from?

15+ years ago, changed the release date from February 3, 1998, to December 22, 1997, without citing a reference. The next month, again without reference, Max24 changed it to be December 8 in Australia and Germany. Max24, where did you get that information? Why the changes? Why specify two countries? A year later, Max24 added the Glatzer book without a page number, to bolster the unreferenced date. To me, this looks like a fake citation, as Glatzer only talks about the choosing of the song and its recording.

So let's work on the single release date, and decide what we will tell the reader. The December 6, 1997, edition of Billboard says on page 85 that "My Heart Will Go On" is a new pop single from 550 Music and Epic, mentioning a cassette single format. The writer Larry Flick (we cite the PDF) says the single will benefit "every station it graces", implying radio stations and a radio-only release. (The standard retail single release in 1997 was on CD single format, not cassette.) Supporting such a finding is the text from the January 24, 1998, issue of Billboard which says on page 92: "In addition to its tremendous run at theaters, the film has been bolstered by the Dion single 'My Heart Will Go On', from her album Let's Talk About Love, which was released to radio in December. The song was written by Horner with lyrics by Will Jennings and will be released to retail Feb. 10." So we have a December radio release followed by a February 10 retail release. Does that make this a 1997 single or a 1998 single? Binksternet (talk) 00:26, 24 April 2022 (UTC)
 * I went through the entire book on archive.org a few months ago and found no release dates for any of her songs. The reason why I was so frustrated in the edit summary is because this book is cited for release dates in virtually every 1990s Dion song article, which means a lot of corrections/removals are necessary. However, I did find a new source supporting a 1997 release. According to this November 22, 1997, Music & Media article, "My Heart Will Go On" was scheduled for a November 24, 1997, release in G/S/A (Germany, Switzerland, Austria) (German-speaking areas). The quote is "To take maximum advantage of the promotion campaign for Titanic, the G/S/A countries will be the only European territories to release My Heart Will Go On as the second single from the album on November 24." I believe November 24 is the date that should be given to readers, as it is the earliest known and from a reliable source. Heartfox (talk) 01:33, 24 April 2022 (UTC)
 * Aha, good sleuthing on your part! Nov 24 it is. I hope the removal of Glatzer for release dates is nearly finished. Binksternet (talk) 03:05, 24 April 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:My Heart Will Go On


text:
A4 autostrada (Poland)

The A4 autostrada in Poland is a 669 km long east–west motorway that runs through southern Poland, along the north side the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains, from the Polish-German border at Zgorzelec-Görlitz (connecting to the A4 autobahn), through Wrocław, Opole, Gliwice, Katowice, Kraków, Tarnów and Rzeszów, to the Polish-Ukrainian border at Korczowa-Krakovets (connecting to the M10). It is a part of European route E40.

The motorway between Wrocław and Kraków (270 km) was constructed between 1976 and 2005. The part from Mysłowice to Kraków is tolled (see Tolls for details).

The section from the German border to Wrocław (151 km, not tolled) was constructed between 2002 and 2009, in large part as repavement of the old concrete motorway constructed from 1933 to 1937 (then the territory of Nazi Germany). The repaved parts are substandard due to lack of emergency lanes and the speed limit is decreased to 110 km/h.

The motorway from Kraków to the Ukrainian border (251 km, not tolled) was constructed between 2010 and 2016, making A4 the first Polish complete border-to-border highway connection.

History of construction
Some western stretches of this motorway were initially built as a Reichsautobahn by Nazi Germany in the 1930s under her interwar borders. After the Second World War and the takeover of Poland by the communist regime, with her new borders, the existing roads received minimal maintenance and upgrades and became notorious for their poor quality, a phenomenon similar to that observed in East Germany. In effect, the original road served in a virtually unchanged state throughout the whole communist period and the first years afterwards. Reconstruction between 2002 and 2006 removed the old concrete road surface (earlier, a short fragment of A18 was reconstructed between 1993 and 1995, of which 10 km (6.2 mi) are now part of A4), but some aspects of the 1930s standards of construction remain on the stretch from Krzyżowa to Wrocław; for example, the aforementioned section does not have emergency lanes, a feature that is to be added in the future.

The section between Katowice and Kraków was built from 1976 to 1996, and the section between Wrocław and Katowice from 1996 to 2005. Between 2006 and 2009, the section from the German border to the junction with A18 motorway was constructed, which completed a continuous connection from Germany to Kraków.

Also completed in 2009 was the first portion of the motorway east of Kraków (20 km). The original plan was to finish the rest of the motorway by about 2013, but because of the UEFA decision to host the 2012 UEFA European Football Championship in Poland and Ukraine and the resulting need to improve the road infrastructure connecting the two countries, the date for opening the motorway to traffic was moved up to June 2012. This ambitious target was not attained after multiple delays, some caused by the floods of 2010. In July 2016, the last missing section of 41 km between Rzeszów and Jarosław was completed. This meant the entire length of the A4 from the German border to the Ukrainian border was completed, making the A4 the first complete major motorway in Poland (second overall, behind the very short A8) and the first completed continuous border-to-border highway connection.

title: A4 autostrada (Poland)


text: User talk:24.26.61.0

title: User talk:24.26.61.0


text:
User talk:JimmyTheOne

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay.

Here are some tips to help you get started:
 * Try our tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * Keep the Five Pillars of Wikipedia in mind, and remember to write from a neutral point of view.
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 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

If you have any questions, see the help pages, ask a question at the village pump or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome, and good luck!

-- Kirill Lokshin 18:37, August 21, 2005 (UTC)

French ship Océan
Greetings, and thank you for your fine additions to French ship Océan (1790) ! Information about individual French ships of this era is not always easy to collect, so your contributions are appreciated ! Cheers ! Rama 04:44, 14 September 2005 (UTC)

Battle of Dogger Bank
Please stop making cut-and-paste moves. It is insulting to the people who contributed to the article and whose contributions you have now appropriated for yourself. If you wish to move an article to a more appropriate name, use the "move" tab. However, because both Battle of Dogger Bank and Battle of Dogger Bank (1915) have multiple edits it requires an administrator to make the move so you will have to submit a request to Requested moves. Until such time, I suggest you make your edits to the original article, whether you approve of its current name or not. Geoff/Gsl 21:39, 30 October 2005 (UTC)

I should explain my thinking. I changed the Battle of Dogger Bank page into a disambiguation page for several reasons:

 * The use of the Battle of Dogger Bank page for the 1915 battle was causing confusion for people seeking the 1781 battle. (See some of the talk pages leading to it, for examples, or check some of the old links).
 * Using the ambiguous name as the disambiguation page seems to be the convention in naval history articles on Wikipedia. Several other battles, such as the Battle of Cape St. Vincent, Battle of Lepanto, Battle of Cape Finisterre and Battle of Ushant are set up in this way, as are most ships (with HMS Victory as a good example of an exception to the rule).
 * The two battles of Dogger Bank are of similar historical significance. Both involved squadrons detached from the main British fleet, were of little consequence in themselves but contained important tactical lessons. So neither battle is obviously more important or the most common meaning of the term.
 * I was aware that the 1915 battle would lose its edit history, but I hoped that the fact that the history would still be available on the Battle of Dogger Bank page for anyone who really wanted it and that I had more than doubled the length of the article from 500 words to 1,200 by adding more details of the battle and the aftermath, as well as the order of battle and sources and making a couple of corrections, would compensate for that loss of convenience.
 * I wasn't aware of the move option, which I now realize was my main error.

I copied the entire text of the article to the new page (and added a battlebox). I carefully corrected many of the links pointing to either Dogger Bank or Battle of Dogger Bank to point to the right battle, or the Dogger Bank incident.

So this was no unthinking edit. When you first changed it back, I couldn't understand your reasons for undoing what I had done (if I had replaced the 1915 battle with the 1781 battle, for instance, I would have understood).

I'm completely appalled by your suggestion that I was trying to pretend that other people's work was my own. I can't believe any Wikipedians do that. I was simply trying to clarify an ambiguity and share my love of naval history. My notes say moved, not wrote, so it should have been clear that I wasn't appropriating authorship or intending to insult anyone.

My lesson is that I should have used the move function, for which I can only apologize to you and others I have inadvertently insulted. I hope, in return, that you will make your reasons for reverting things clearer as it has taken me some time to understand the basis of your objection -- which is why I reverted you back resulting in a silly edit war.

I have taken your suggestion of submitting a request to the administrators. JimmyTheOne 21:04, 5 November 2005 (UTC)

 * I was not suggesting that your intention was to claim other peoples' work, just pointing out that that was the effect of your edits. I apologize in turn for any insult on my part.  You still need to merge your changes to Battle of Dogger Bank (1915) into the original (so that the edits are, and will always be, attributed to you) and revert it to a redirect so that the Requested Move process can take its course.  If it fails, your changes will need to be merged anyway. Geoff/Gsl 22:57, 5 November 2005 (UTC)

WikiProject Military history: Coordinator elections
--Loopy e 04:49, 23 January 2006 (UTC)

Thank you!
I would like to thank you for your support for my candidacy for the Military history WikiProject coordinator position. I am now the Lead Coordinator, and I intend to do my best to continue improving the project. If you ever have any questions or concerns regarding my actions, or simply new ideas for the project, be sure to let me know! —Kirill Lok s hin 00:10, 6 February 2006 (UTC)

Cheers
I don't wanna overdo it or anything, so here's just a brief note thanking you for supporting me in the WikiProject Military history coordinator elections. Cheers, and I hope I can please as Assistant Coordinator! --Loopy e 01:26, 6 February 2006 (UTC)

Merge issues
Kevin Myers posted the speedy delete template as part of a merge. Feel free to talk to him about this and if you need me to help sort it out, I'll be glad to help.Gator (talk) 21:28, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

Military history WikiProject Newsletter, Issue I
delivered by Loopy e 04:59, 30 March 2006 (UTC)

Bismarck chase
I concur that it is reasonable to use a subarticle to give more details of the actions. I have restored the article from a redirect and done some edit myself, though i have not yet linked it again from the Bismarck page. I recommend leaving it until suitably polished. GraemeLeggett 11:46, 21 April 2006 (UTC)

British military history task force
I see that you are working on British naval history. Do you focus any particular period? I have begun work on RN minesweepers 1939-45. Please see my user page for details of articles I am tracking. Davidbober 16:24, 26 April 2006 (UTC)

Military history WikiProject Newsletter - Issue II
The April 2006 issue of the project newsletter is now out. You may read this issue or change the format in which future issues will be delivered to you by following the link. Thanks. Kirill Lok s h in 18:43, 30 April 2006 (UTC)

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Maritime military history task force
I just wanted to let you know that a Maritime warfare task force has been established. Hope to see you there:)Inge 13:50, 27 June 2006 (UTC)

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Funnel Bands
My source for funnel bands is H. T. Lenton, British and Empire Warships of the Second World War. Emoscopes Talk 20:59, 16 November 2006 (UTC)

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Milhist coordinators election has started

 * The February 2008 Military history WikiProject coordinator election has begun. We will be selecting nine coordinators to serve for the next six months from a pool of fifteen candidates.  Please vote here by February 28. -- R OGER D AVIES   talk 23:31, 16 February 2008 (UTC)

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ArbCom elections are now open!
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User group for Military Historians
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"Military history" is one of the most important subjects when speak of sum of all human knowledge. To support contributors interested in the area over various language Wikipedias, we intend to form a user group. It also provides a platform to share the best practices between military historians, and various military related projects on Wikipedias. An initial discussion was has been done between the coordinators and members of WikiProject Military History on English Wikipedia. Now this discussion has been taken to Meta-Wiki. Contributors intrested in the area of military history are requested to share their feedback and give suggestions at Talk:Discussion to incubate a user group for Wikipedia Military Historians.

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April 2021 WikiProject Military History Reviewing Drive
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title: User talk:JimmyTheOne


text:
Jason DeRose

Jason DeRose is the religion correspondent for National Public Radio News, based at NPR West in Culver City, California. He reports on the ways belief shapes American public life and the ways American life shapes religious expression. His reports are heard on Morning Edition, All Things Considered, and Weekend Edition.

Prior to this position, he served as NPR's Western Bureau Chief for more than a dozen years. Earlier, he was a Supervising Editor on the Business Desk and was an editor on the former NPR program Day to Day until that program ended in March 2009.

Recurrent themes in his reporting include: religious liberty and religious freedom, Islam in America; discrimination against Muslims since the September 11, 2001 attacks; sexuality as a defining issue for Christian denominations; LGBTQ+ clergy; and the impact on religious communities of land use policy, zoning, and eminent domain.

Prior to his current posting at NPR West, DeRose worked at WBEZ in Chicago, Illinois. He did stints at NPR member stations in Seattle, Washington, Minneapolis, Minnesota, and Tampa, Florida.

DeRose has served on the board of directors of the Religion Newswriters Association and as a mentor and trainer for NPR's Next Generation Radio Project — a program that teaches aspiring high school and college students public radio's unique reporting style.

DeRose has worked at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum as an oral history interviewer and the International Center for Journalists as a trainer. He has also taught in the Religious Studies Department at DePaul University in Chicago and at Northwestern University's Medill School of Journalism.

DeRose graduated magna cum laude, Phi Beta Kappa from St. Olaf College in Northfield, Minnesota with majors in religion and English. He also holds a master's degree from the University of Chicago Divinity School and studied religion reporting at Northwestern University's Medill School of Journalism.

Sources and external links

 * Jason DeRose — National Public Radio website
 * Jason DeRose — Knight Digital Media Center website
 * RNA Board of Directors — Religion Newswriters Association website
 * International Center for Journalists

title: Jason DeRose


text:
User talk:Kvan

Nice edits on Cuisine of Denmark! Keep up the good revisions on the article. It needs a fresh perspective! Sfdan 18:39, 21 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Kvan


text:
French ship Bretagne (1766)

Bretagne was a large 110-gun three-decker French ship of the line, built at Brest, which became famous as the flagship of the Brest Fleet during the American War of Independence. She was funded by a don des vaisseaux grant by the Estates of Brittany. She was active in the European theatres of the Anglo-French War and of the French Revolutionary Wars, notably taking an important role in the Glorious First of June. Later, she took part in the Croisière du Grand Hiver and was broken up.

Context
The Seven Years' War had left the French Navy severely depleted, and the Crown did not have funds to replace the ships lost during the conflict. In late 1761 Étienne François, duc de Choiseul took the direction of the Navy and proposed that the great institutions of France make voluntary donations, a scheme named don des vaisseaux. On 1 September 1762, the Estates of Brittany gathered at the Couvent des Cordeliers in Rennes and decided to raise one million Livres tournois in order to offer a 100-gun Three-decker. Lieutenant Jean-Claude Louis de Quelen rode to Choisy-le-Roi to inform Louis XV, arriving on 5 and returning on 9 with acceptance letters from the King and from the Duke de Choiseul. Administrative dispositions for the loan started on 2 November, and were completed by 17. Budget would eventually reach 1,010,000 Livres tournois.

The donation had political connotations, both in terms of rivalry between the various donating institutions, and for the status of Bretagne within France. Therefore, the Estates of Brittany attached their gift to a number of requests: that the ship be named Bretagne rather than États de Bretagne, that the crew be composed of Bretons exclusively, and that the ship be a three-decker. Furthermore, rather than donate funds that the Crown would invest in construction, the Estates demanded to supervise construction themselves at the shipyards of the French East India Company in Lorient.

Construction
On 2 November 1761, the Commission of the Estates of Brittany in charge of construction mandated Antoine Groignard as chief engineer, with Gaubry as deputy and Damel as an advisor. Groignard worked both for the French Royal Navy and for the French East India Company; he had recently directed the construction of the 80-gun Orient, the 74-gun Robuste, the 64-gun Vengeur and Solitaire, and was supervising ongoing construction of the 74-gun Diligent and Six Corps, the 56-gun Bordelois in Lorient, that of the 56-gun Utile, Ferme and Flamand in Bordeaux, and four frigates in Nantes.

On 17 November 1761, Groignard sent of proposal for a budget between 919,000 and 1,115,000 pounds. The shipyards in Lorient received their first orders in early December. Choiseul wrote the Groignard to congratulate him for his appointment, and to argue in favour of building an 80-gun two-decker, with 36-pounders on the lower battery and 24-pounders on the upper, although he conceded that political considerations mandated a three-decker. He also reminded of the shortcomings of Royal Louis, an unsuccessful 100-gun of the time.

Groignard hoped to complete construction by 1763, but delay in complete the 1-million load and difficulties in stocking construction wood soon set the schedule back. On 28 March 1763, Groignard sent completed plans to the construction commission, which failed to forward them to Choiseul. On 6 May, Choiseul wrote directly to Groignard to enquire, and setting further requirements that the artillery be set on the three batteries (limiting armament of the castles), and that autonomy be sufficient to feed 1,000 men for six months, with water for two. By July, construction was expected to be completed in 1765, and there were several exchanges of letters and budget estimations between various administrations and rival naval engineers, second-guessing Groignard and arguing about the furniture and spare parts needed for the ship.

By 3 January 1764, the commission was requesting revised versions of the plans as to reduce the dimensions of Bretagne. On 23, Groignard submitted his new plans, along with a memorandum underlining that this version would not allow the ship to hold six month worth of food and was compromising her stability, speed and maneuverability; furthermore, he warned that the lower headspace of the gundecks in the smaller project would hinder evacuation of smoke from the guns in combat conditions. On 19 February, Choiseul declined to approve the revised plans and requested a third version; Groignard quickly completed the new plans and went directly to Paris himself to submit them, short-circuiting the construction Commission of the Estates of Brittany and talking Choiseul out of the notion that the lower battery could be armed with 24-pounders instead of 36-pounders to reduce the cost. On 7 May, Choiseul informed the Commission that his plans had met with approval and that the construction could begin.

The Commission then started procuring the raw materials needed for the construction, notably wood, fabric for the sails, iron and cables. Lacking experience in the matter, it requested advice from Roth, director of the East India Company in Lorient, who replied on 1 April with a long memorandum. Besides explaining how to assess the quality of the materials, how to transport it on land and how to store it, the memorandum observed that a number of parts would need to be obtained from outside of Bretagne, and sometimes even abroard, notably from the Netherlands. Providers would span from Newcastle to Saint Petersburg and Riga.

In August 1764, Groignard started laying down parts in Lorient shipyard, hoping to take advantage of the summer weather and of a moment of low activity by the East India Company. However, the fluyts needed to transport construction wood were damaged and a lack of wood and nails soon slowed down the work. In December, the Estates and the Company signed an understanding that Groignard would have access to the parts and materials stocked in the Company stores, and that the Estates would replenish them within three months. On 12 December, the keel was laid down, the bow had been assembled, and the frames were made and ready to be installed.

However, on 12 January 1765, the Commission ordered that the construction be halted, and summoned Groignard to Nantes. Realising its lack of competence, the commission had decided to cease procuring material directly and to delegate that task to the harbour mandated for the construction, which would be either Lorient or Brest. By March, Brest had won the contract;the ship was dismantled and her parts were brought to Brest in May 1765. Groignard remained in charge of the work, while the commission was little involved from then on.

On 5 July 1765, the keel was laid down in Brest in the upper dry dock of Pontaniou. By mid-July, the framing was completed. By mid-September, the hull was caulked. In late February 1766, carpenters had completed the orlop deck and were preparing construction of the first battery. In April, the sides were completed up to the lower battery, and the decks of the lower and middle batteries were installed. On 24 May 1766, Bretagne was launched.

Completion of the ship remained slow: although Bretagne was declared completed on 30 September 1767 and officially commissioned in 1768, work remained to be done to make her sea worthy in June 1770, and she spent the whole year of 1770 fitting out. On 30 November 1771, she was declared in need of an extensive refit.

Career
In 1773, Bretagne was listed as serving in the Brest Brigade of the Ponant Division of the Navy. However, her state was deteriorating, and harbour director Count de Breugnon sent her to a dry dock, where she entered on 9 August. In 1775, Orvilliers took command of the Brest squadron and, finding her timbers rotten, petitionned Sartine for an extensive refit; reconstruction started on 1 September 1776, taking  480,000 pounds, and Bretagne was launched on 7 April 1777. She took two more months for fitting out.

Anglo-French War (1778–1783)
She took part in most of the engagements of the European theatre of the Anglo-French War, notably the Battle of Ushant in 1778, where she served as Orvilliers' flagship, with Parscau du Plessix as flag captain. She took part in the Armada of 1779, but an epidemic aboard forced her to return to Brest in September. In 1779, her armament was reinforced by adding 10 further 6-pounders to her quarterdeck, turning her into a 110-gun. On 2 September 1780, Bretagne left Brest for Cadiz, where she took part in the Great Siege of Gibraltar.

Although she had good nautical qualities, Bretagne had a tendency to leak and hog, and from February to April 1781, she underwent a refit in Brest and notably received a copper sheathing. Bretagne then undertook an expedition under Captain Soulange in Guichen's squadron in the Mediterranean and the Atlantic from 22 June to early September.

After spending three months in Brest, she sailed again on 12 December 1781. She sustained damage in foul weather, notably in a hurricane on 25 and 26 December. At her return to Brest, Bretagne was in need of serious repairs, and Guichen, to his chagrin, had to transfer his flag to Terrible. In 1782, her keel had hogged by 1'7" pied du roi. Bretagne was refitted in Brest from 2 March to July 1782, undergoing extensive repairs of her hull but losing her copper sheathing in the process.

On 8 July 1782, Bretagne departed Brest under Captain Charles Picot de Dampierre to join the Franco-Spanish combined fleet still besieging Gibraltar, arriving on 11 along with Invincible, Robuste, Protecteur, Actif, Zodiaque, Bien Aimé and Guerrier. Her cutter rescued men from the crew of the Spanish floating battery Talla Piedra on 13 September. Bretagne, under Dampierre, blockaded Gibraltar until 10 October, when a gale damaged her rigging, killing a helmsman and ripping anchors from the ship. On 13 October 1782, the fleet moved to intercept a British squadron, resulting in the Battle of Cape Spartel on 20 where Bretagne sustained 5 men wounded. Bretagne then returned to Cadiz harbour in preparation for an expedition to America under Admiral d'Estaing, but by then the Peace of Paris had been concluded and Bretagne returned to Brest.

Bretagne was refitted in Brest in 1788 until the end of the year. The poop deck was removed to improve stability.

French Revolutionary Wars
Bretagne was refitted in Brest from 1792 to June 1793, 6 obusiers de vaisseau being added that year. Under Captain Joseph de Richery, she became the flagship of Admiral Jean-Amable Lelarge. In September 1793, her crew was involved in the Quibéron mutinies; in reaction Jeanbon Saint-André had Lelarge destitued and Richery arrested, and Bretagne renamed to Révolutionnaire.

Captain Daniel Vandongen took command of Révolutionnaire and put her in good order. By 19 June 1794, she was coppered and fully armed.

On 16 May 1794, the fleet departed Brest. On 28, the British and French squadrons met, leading to the skirmishes that would culminate into the so-called Glorious First of June. The French line of battle was set in reverse order, and Révolutionnaire found herself at the rear, last ship in the line. She came in action against five or six 74-gun ships, notably HMS Russell, Bellerophon, Audacious and Leviathan, sustaining heavy damage and casualties. At 0930, a shot killed Captain Vandongen; as the first lieutenant was severely wounded and the second lieutenant has already been killed, third Lieutenant Renaudeau assumed command, but he too was incapacitated almost immediately, and Fourth Lieutenant Dorré had to take over. Révolutionnaire was isolated and defenceless, and avoided captured mostly thanks to Admiral Howe's order to his ships to regroup. In the night, Révolutionnaire lost her mizen and her mainmast. The next day, she met Audacieux and Unité, of Nielly's squadron; Audacieux took Révolutionnaire in tow and brought her to Île-d'Aix, where she arrived on 8 June with 160 crewmembers killed or wounded.

Révolutionnaire was fully repaired and rigged anew at Île-d'Aix, which entailed the construction of a workshop specially for that purpose, as well as bringing all parts from Rochefort. She was ready again on 7 August 1794, and rejoined Brest on 27 of the same month.

On 29 December 1794, under Captain Louis-Marie Le Gouardun, Révolutionnaire departed from Brest for the Croisière du Grand Hiver, where she sustained severe structural damage from the foul weather. She limped back to Brest on 2 February 1795, her hull leaking heavily.

Too damaged in the Croisière du Grand Hiver to be repaired, she was struck on 28 January 1796 and broken up between January and May 1796.

Legacy
A scale model of the Bretagne is on display at Brest naval museum (MnM 13 MG 4). Admiral François-Edmond Pâris states that it was built by of under supervision from Forfait around 1780. The model depicts Bretagne in her 1777 state (no coppering yet, but already 16 guns on the castles, 10 on the quarterdeck and 6 on the forecastle). The ornaments are not quite realistic: the aft is overly decorated compared to the drawings to master sculptor Lubet, and the figurehead is a woman carrying the arms of Bretagne, reflecting a project that was never realised in reality. The actual figurehead featured a lion carrying the arms of Bretagne.

Bretagne is depicted on the painting Vue du port de Brest en 1793 by Jean-François Hue.

Claude Forrer published a plan of Bretagne by master sculptor Lubet in Neptunia 202 in June 1996.

title: French ship Bretagne (1766)


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Bronx Community Board 2

Bronx Community Board 2 is a local government unit of the city of New York, encompassing the neighborhoods of Hunts Point and Longwood in the borough of the Bronx. It is delimited by the Bronx River on the east, Westchester Avenue, East 167th Street, and East 169th Street on the north, Prospect Avenue and East 149th Street to the west, and the East River on the south.

Community board staff and membership
The current chairperson of the Bronx Community board 2 is Robert Crespo. Its District Manager is Ralph Acevedo. Both are long-time Community Board 2 residents.

The City Council members representing the community district are non-voting, ex officio board members. The council members and their council districts are:
 * 8th NYC Council District - Diana Ayala
 * 17th NYC Council District - Rafael Salamanca

Demographics
As of the United States 2000 Census, the Community Board has a population of 46,824, up from 39,433 in 1990 and 34,397 in 1980. Of them, 35,507 (75.8%) are of Hispanic origin, 10,021 (21.4%) are Black, non-Hispanic, 582 (1.2%) are White, non-Hispanic, 207 (0.4%) are Asian or Pacific Islander, 101 (0.2%) American Indian or Alaska Native, 90 (0.2%) are some other race (non-Hispanic), and 316 (0.7%) of two or more races (non-Hispanic).

title: Bronx Community Board 2


text: User talk:203.110.246.21

title: User talk:203.110.246.21


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User talk:Xakor

Please stop adding nonsense to Wikipedia. It is considered vandalism. If you were just trying to experiment, then use the sandbox instead. Thank you.

title: User talk:Xakor


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Absolute Radio 80s

Absolute Radio 80s (known on-air as Absolute 80s) is a national digital radio station, owned and operated by Bauer as part of the Absolute Radio Network.

History
Absolute Radio 80s launched at 7.00pm on 4 December 2009, replacing Absolute Xtreme.

The marketing plan for Absolute 80s started with targeted sampling at 80s events such as Madness, Pet Shop Boys and Depeche Mode at the O2 Arena, Erasure at the NEC Birmingham and Simple Minds at the Wembley Arena. The first track to play on the station was "(You Gotta) Fight for Your Right (To Party!)" by the Beastie Boys.

On 14 May 2010, Absolute 80s began broadcasting in mono at 64 kbps on Digital One national DAB digital radio.

On 29 February 2016, the station switched to the newly launched Sound Digital multiplex (an "upgrade" to 80 kbps in mono) although it continued to broadcast on Digital One until the end of April 2016.

On 16 October 2023, Absolute 80s switched to DAB+ broadcasting in stereo.

On 12 December 2023, Absolute Radio 80s was removed from Freesat, followed by Sky and Virgin Media on 13 December, along with every other radio station owned by Bauer Media on either of the three TV platforms.

DJs
The station's DJs include Leona Graham, Sarah Champion, Richie Firth and Chris Martin. Claire Sturgess hosts a live 80s show every Friday on sister station Absolute Radio that is also simulcast live on Absolute 80s called Friday Night 80s. The Dave Berry Breakfast Show is also simulcast live on Absolute 80s. Tony Hadley, the former lead singer of Spandau Ballet, used to host the two-hour 80s Party on Saturdays from 6pm, that ended in December 2019. Sarah Champion looks back on the chart hits of the decade on the 80s Chart Show on a Sunday from 4pm, with Chris Martin looking back on the albums of the decade from 7pm. Matthew Rudd hosts a Sunday night show, Forgotten 80s, featuring lesser-played hits of the decade from 9pm. From 23 September 2019, Absolute Radio's Hometime with Bush and Richie is simulcast on weekdays, with the same "split playlist" system as used at breakfast allowing relevant music to be played on each station.

title: Absolute Radio 80s


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Goosi Softworks

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. HappyCamper 13:32, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

Goosi Softworks
Vanity page Nemonoman 18:42, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per Nemonoman. -- Kjkolb 04:54, August 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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User talk:Ma'am~enwiki

Notice to Correspondents
Time constraints and the volume of correspondence I receive elsewhere make it unlikely that I shall see any message very soon after you post here. But thank you for writing and be assured that a cross section of correspondence to me is presented to me regularly.

Welcome!
Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!  Thorpe  talk 18:53, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
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Ah, person pretending to be Elizabeth II. Very amusing. john k 03:39, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

Complaint
On the assumption that you are not, in reality, Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom (of whom, as a British citizen, I am a subject), then I find your impersonation, and mocking comments, highly offensive. It is also a contravention of Wikipedia policy. From WP:USERNAME: ''Wikipedia does not allow certain types of usernames, including the following...Names of well-known living or recently deceased people, such as Chuck Norris or Ken Lay, unless you are that living person. If you are, please note this on your user page.'' If, of course, you are genuinely the Queen, then I sincerely apologise for my impertinence. Walton monarchist89 19:41, 22 January 2007 (UTC)

Complaint 2
I'm sure many Scottish subjects of the Queen would object to your comment about "making sense of the Ghillies' thick accents. How do they understand each other?". Also I would remove the 'gotten' from your userpage... Her Majesty would not make such an embarassing grammatical mistake! --Cameron (t|p|c) 19:23, 30 April 2008 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure if you noticed or not but this account hasn't been used since August 2005, so they probably won't be responding. Given the account is abandoned and was being used to impersonate a living person, I've blanked the userpage. Sarah 04:18, 1 May 2008 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Ma'am. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Ma'am~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 01:15, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 15:45, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ma'am~enwiki


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Lake Traverse

Lake Traverse is an 11200 acre lake along the border between the U.S. states of Minnesota and South Dakota, and is the southernmost body of water in the Hudson Bay watershed of North America. Lake Traverse is drained at its north end by the northward-flowing Bois de Sioux River, a tributary of the Red River of the North. A U.S. Army Corps of Engineers dam at the outflow regulates the lake's level. The Mustinka River flows into the lake just above the dam.

Lake Traverse Indian Reservation of the Santee Dakota lies on the west shore of the lake.

The Traverse Gap, a low continental divide and part of the Laurentian Divide, separates the south end of Lake Traverse from Big Stone Lake. Big Stone Lake is the headwaters of the south-flowing Minnesota River, part of the Mississippi River System. Prehistorically, the south end of Lake Traverse was the southern outlet of glacial Lake Agassiz across the Traverse Gap into Glacial River Warren; that river carved the valley now occupied by the present-day Minnesota River. The town of Browns Valley, Minnesota lies within the gap between the two lakes.

The Browns Valley Dike was constructed in 1941 at the south end of Lake Traverse to prevent flooding south into Big Stone Lake and the Mississippi watershed. However, the Little Minnesota River, which flows into Big Stone Lake, passes within 2000 ft of Lake Traverse. In case of flooding of the Little Minnesota River, its waters can pass through culverts within the dike, and across the divide into Lake Traverse. This prevents flooding of homes in the Browns Valley area.

Lake Traverse is an Anglicization of Lac Traverse, a French name meaning "across the lake".

title: Lake Traverse


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Category:Electrical safety

Safety issues related to electricity.

title: Category:Electrical safety


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Araneus quadratus

Araneus quadratus, the four-spot orb-weaver, is a common orb-weaver spider found in Europe and Central Asia, and as far as the Kamchatka Peninsula and Japan.

Description
Females can reach 17 mm in length, especially when gravid, with males around half that. They are quite variable in appearance, ranging from brown to bright orange or green, but they always have the characteristic four white spots on the abdomen. The darker color morphs are easier to identify, due to the contrast between the white spots and the rest of the body. The legs are sometimes brightly striped.

Habitat
The spider lives in gardens, wooded areas, or wherever there is vegetation to string an orb web across. This species builds its web close to the ground to catch jumping insects such as small grasshoppers. The female builds the more elaborate web, complete with a funnel-shaped retreat off to the side where she goes during inclement weather. The web is smaller and closer to the ground than those of other species of orb-weavers.

Adaptation
Adult females can actively change their color. About three days are needed to take on colors that accurately match their resting surfaces.

Subspecies

 * A. q. minimus (Gétaz, 1889) (Switzerland, France)
 * A. q.s subviridis (Franganillo, 1913) (Spain)

title: Araneus quadratus


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Panzhihua

Panzhihua, formerly Dukou , is a prefecture-level city located in the far south of Sichuan province, China, at the confluence of the Jinsha and Yalong Rivers. It has an administrative area of 7423.42 km2, and a population at the 2020 census of 1,212,203. 806,395 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of 3 urban districts.

Its economy relies almost entirely on its giant mine, one of the country's largest. The economy in Panzhihua is mainly centered on natural resource development and heavy-industry. The city grew into a major city for steel production during the Third Front construction. The urban center was built on top of mountainous terrains. In 2005, Panzhihua won the "China Excellent Tourist City" title, in 2008 it won the "National Health City" and the "China Vanadium, Titanium" titles.

History
The construction of Panzhihua occurred during China's Third Front construction, a Mao Zedong-era campaign to develop basic and national defense industry in China's rugged interior in the event of foreign invasion. Mao viewed the building of the city as so important that he repeatedly told other party leadership that until it was built he would "not sleep well a single day." Speaking figuratively, he routinely emphasized the importance of developing Panzhihua by stating that if party leaders would not develop the city, he would "ride a donkey and hold a meeting" to build it himself.

Southwest Third Front Commission Vice Director Cheng Zihua was among the first to investigate the Panzhihua site, traveling there in mid-1964 when only eight households lived in Panzhihua. In his memoirs, Cheng highlights Panzhihua's suitability for a strategic industrial rear because its "lofty mountains and steep hills" would make it difficult for enemy infantry to access or for enemy airplanes to bomb.

Meeting with Panzhihua leaders in October 1964, Bo Yibo emphasized that while it was critical to increase production in the area, doing so had to avoid the mistakes of the Great Leap Forward, a time when the emphasis on industrial production resulted in many people lacking "grain to eat."

In an effort to avoid what Chinese policymakers viewed as a mistake of Soviet-style industrialization, the builders of Panzhihua were tasked with constructing in an austere style consistent with the success of the Daqing oil field -- service areas, multistory buildings, and cultural areas should be avoided in order to ensure maximum resources for heavy industry. Consistent with this mandate, Director of the Planning Commission Li Fuchun directed that at Panzhihua, workers should "dig a hole for a toilet" and only canvas tents should be necessary for housing. According to academic Hou Li, the resulting style of construction is best characterized as "industrialization without urbanization."

Panzhihua Steel was built during the Third Front campaign. Because planners chose locations based on military defense considerations, Panzhihua Steel was built on the side of a mountain, unlike most steel factories which are built on flat land. To ensure that the facility had the level foundation necessary for steel production, workers built the factory on massive steps carved out of the slope. Instead of the internal track system common to steel factories, technicians used a cable system to connect different parts of the facility to better adapt to the local terrain.

Consistent with the Third Front construction's emphasis on secrecy due to national security concerns, the completion of the Panzhihua facility was not promoted at the time. Today, the city government of Panzhihua promotes it as a model of Chinese technological ingenuity.

Panzhihua city government built a hospital in 1965 to provide health care for Third Front workers and their families, with Panzhihua Steel itself also establishing a hospital in 1970. In 1966, two power stations were built in Panzhihua as was a water processing plant. Due to Panzhihua's focus on industrialization, factories and mines had priority access to these utilities, with general access to filtered water and power coming over time.

During the period of the Third Front campaign, almost every work unit in Panzhihua was a state-owned enterprise. The social services provided by these units meant that Panzhihua residents generally had a much greater welfare net than rural residents generally.

In recent years, Panzhihua has experienced major population outflows. As a result, its government now offers subsidies to those who move to Panzhihua and have two or three children.

Geography and climate
The area has a monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa), with short, mild, dry winters and long, hot, and humid summers. Highs drop to 21 °C in December and January, quickly rebounding during the dry springs, and peak in May and June, unlike much of the rest of the province. Much of the annual rainfall occurs from June to September. Panzhihua is one of unique places in the world without any seasonal lag. For instance, the hottest time in this city is exactly in the summer soltice, and the same happens with winter. The 24 solar terms of China exactly define the beginning and end of each season by both solar radiation and temperature here.

Hydrology
Panzhihua lies in the Yangtze River basin, holding more than 95 waterways. They feed the Jinsha and Yandalong Rivers, which in turn feed the Yangtze. Annual runoff volume is 110.2 billion cubic meters. The potential hydropower capacity is 700 million kilowatts. The installed capacity is 3.474 million kilowatts.

Geology
Panzhihua is close to the Xigeda-Yuanmou fracture in the Sichuan-Yunnan border. Its Renhe District was the epicenter of the 2008 Panzhihua earthquake.

Archaeology
Bronze Age cultural remains are representative of various types of bronze artifacts. Under the jurisdiction of Panzhihua City in Yanbian, Miyi and Renhe District, archeologists have collected nearly 20 bronze artifacts. Most of the dig sites were tomb sites excavated specifically for funerary objects. Practical objects were found that can be divided into three categories. Weapons such as bronze swords, bronze spears, and bronze Ge, tools such as copper axes, copper knives and copper hoes, and decorative objects like copper bracelets were found.

The objects were similar to those of western Yunnan province, reflecting ethnic group similarities. The relics date from the Warring States ~ Western Han period.

Tourism resources
The landscape is dominated by natural areas. Attractions include a red cell spa, the Cave Stone Forest, the Jinsha River and Hai lake. In recent years, the Panzhihua government has been working on the development of the Sunshine Recreation Project to attract more tourists to Panzhihua for their winter vacations.

Cycas forest
Cycas first appeared some 280 million years ago in the Permian period. They consist of some 110 species. In 1971, Sichuan Agricultural Science and the original forest vegetation Panzhihua aerial survey, found more than 100,000 specimens. It is the highest altitude Cycas forest, hosting the largest number and size of specimens. This forest consists of an endemic species, Cycas panzhihuaensis.

Ertan Hydropower Station
The Ertan Dam is an arch dam on the Yalong River, a tributary of the Yangtze River in Sichuan.

The dam has six hydroelectric generators, each with a generating capacity of 550 MW. The total generating capacity of the facility is 3,300 MW, one of the largest in China. Annual production averages 17 TWh, and through December 5, 2006, it produced over 100 TWh of electricity. Construction of the dam started in September 1991 and was completed on December 26, 1999. A total of 12638000 m3 of material was excavated during construction.

Economy
Panzhihua is a highly industrialized area dominated by gigantic mining operations. Most of the land not in use for mining is taken up by subsistence farming.

Mineral Resources
Panzhihua has abundant natural resources, but remained undeveloped until 1960. It was founded on a remote headwater of the Yangtze River in 1966 as a steel production center. It grew rapidly as it remained relatively prosperous while the rest of the country suffered under the Cultural Revolution. The city is home to the Panzhihua Iron and Steel (Group) Co, called "Pangang 攀钢", the leading steel company in southwest China.

Proven iron ore (mainly vanadium-titanium magnetite) reserves are 73.8 million tons, 72.3% of the provincial total. At the end of 2007, the city's reserves of vanadium-titanium magnetite were 6.694 billion tons, of which: titanium reserves were 425 million tons, 93% of the national total, the world's largest; vanadium reserves were 10.38 million tons, 63% in the nation, third in the world. Cobalt reserves were 746 million tons. Other minerals were chromium, gallium, scandium, nickel, copper, lead, zinc, manganese, platinum and other rare metals.

Transport
Panzhihua is served by the Chengdu–Kunming Railway and the Panzhihua Bao'anying Airport. The city has over 10 bridges over the Jinsha River.

Education

 * Panzhihua University
 * The city's top high schools are the No.3 Panzhihua high school (located downtown) and the no.7 high school (located in the western district (Qingxiangping))

title: Panzhihua


text:
Fat Choi Spirit

Fat Choi Spirit is a 2002 Hong Kong comedy film produced and directed by Johnnie To and Wai Ka-fai, and starring Andy Lau, Lau Ching-wan, Louis Koo, Gigi Leung and Cherrie In.

The film is a comedy, falling into the peculiar Hong Kong genre of mahjong films, and was released during the Lunar New Year of 2002.

Plot
Andy is an extremely compulsive mahjong player. Thrown out of the house by his mother and ignored by his more academically gifted and successful younger brother, Louis, he has a hard time running away from debt collectors. One day he meets a woman named Gigi after a run-in with some of the debt collectors' men. Gigi starts out as a thief, but because she falls for him and gives him immense luck, Andy has extreme good luck in mahjong games and becames very rich.

However, he refuses to marry Gigi because she, though a nice woman when with him, is a sore loser who throws temper tantrums when on the verge of losing mahjong games. She cannot understand that he cannot stand the way she behaves. As Andy says, her behaviour is revealed by just playing a game of mahjong where when she loses, she would throw the tables. He promises to marry her if she can play a game of mahjong without such a bad temper. She cannot and so he does not marry her, though he loves her.

In the meantime, Andy finds his mother, who is now suffering from Alzheimer's disease. His brother faces bankruptcy and moves in with Andy, who lives in a bungalow. Not wanting to lose out on finding a job, Louis who has excellent luck in mahjong but zero skill, gets conned out of all his money and even his clothes by a skilled, devious mahjong player, Sean. A kind-hearted simpleton, a woman on the con team, Cherrie, falls for him and decides to mend her ways.

Gigi, who is very disappointed with Andy's refusal to marry her, falls in with a bad crowd: the mahjong con men led by Sean. Andy, who is cursed by Gigi, loses his winning streak and instead works as a taxi driver and moves into public housing. Being ever optimistic, he does not complain. However, not wanting Gigi to fall into the con men's trap, he plays a game of mahjong with Sean and loses badly. Gigi is touched by his actions and goes back to him, promising she will return a better woman. Before she leaves, she gives Andy a blessing and, from there on, Andy's winning streak returns.

Louis, who had created a mahjong computer game with his new girlfriend (Cherrie), receives word that there will be a mahjong tournament sponsored by his game. The ever optimistic Andy enters the contest and competes against Sean. Before the tournament begins, he discovers that Gigi has returned to her old job as a flight attendant and sends him lucky items from around the world. During the tournament, Andy is able to secure a seat in the final match, which includes Sean, Sean's father, and a henchman. Andy easily wins the match but is confronted by Sean, who wants a rematch. Andy agrees. Before the match ends, Andy gives the prize to Sean. Sean, surprised, looks at Andy's hand, which is a major breakthrough set. Sean realizes all his mistakes and decides to learn from Andy. Andy regains all his money and starts a mahjong school by the sea. He eventually marries Gigi.

Cast

 * Andy Lau as Andy
 * Gigi Leung as Gigi
 * Sean Lau as Ching-wan (Sean)
 * Louis Koo as Louis
 * Cherrie Ying as Cherrie
 * Wong Tin-lam as Ching-wan's Father
 * Bonnie Wong Man-wai as Andy and Louis's Mother
 * Angela Tong as Mahjong Player
 * Wong Wah-wo as Mahjong Player
 * Lung Tin-sang as Fat Uncle's Man
 * Hung Wai-leung as Fat Uncle's Man
 * Yuen Ling-to as Fat Uncle's Man
 * Four Tse Liu-shut
 * Matt Chow

title: Fat Choi Spirit


text:
Wally Dallenbach Jr.

Wallace Paul Dallenbach (born May 23, 1963) is an American former racing driver. He competed in the NASCAR Cup Series, and is known for his prowess as a road racer. In addition to NASCAR, Dallenbach has raced in SCCA Trans-Am, IMSA Camel GT, CART, and the Pikes Peak International Hill Climb.

Dallenbach is the son of Indy car driver and official Wallace Jacob Dallenbach. After the younger Dallenbach began a professional racing career during the middle 1980s, he came to be known by the retronym Dallenbach Jr.

Mostly retired from full-time driving, Dallenbach was a race commentator for NBC Sports and Turner Sports. His primary responsibilities are for TNT's NASCAR coverage, a position he had held since 2001, and NBC Sports Network's IndyCar Series coverage, which he has been a part of since NBC was bought by Comcast in 2010 until 2014. Dallenbach worked with Adam Alexander and Kyle Petty on TNT and with Leigh Diffey and Jon Beekhuis on NBC Sports Network. In 2015 Dallenbach joined Fox NASCAR on NASCAR Race Hub.

Early career
Dallenbach was born in Basalt, Colorado. He grew up in Denver with his father Wally Dallenbach Sr. and mother. After graduating high school, Dallenbach left Colorado for North Carolina to start a racing career. He began his pro racing career in the SCCA Trans-Am Series. Immediately he won the Rookie-of-the Year title in 1984, and followed that up with two Trans-Am championships. The first one in 1985 driving for Jack Roush in a Mercury Capri. This made Dallenbach the youngest Trans-Am champion at the age of just 22 years. The following year Dallenbach joined the Protofab team and drove their Camaros to another championship. The success garnered him an invitation to race in the International Race of Champions in 1987. Dallenbach followed up those accomplishments by winning the 24 Hours of Daytona four times and the 12 Hours of Sebring three times. He later drove in the GTO class of the IMSA GT championship, finishing runner-up in the standings in 1988 (driving for Jack Roush) and 1989.

IndyCar
Initially, Dallenbach followed the steps of his father by pursuing an open-wheel career, taking part the inaugural round of the American Racing Series in 1986, on which he raced four more times over the following two seasons, finishing 3rd at Phoenix in 1988. One year before, he had made his CART Indy Car debut at Road America subbing for driver-owner Dick Simon, who had undergone an arm surgery after a fall off his motorbike. After qualifying 17th, Dallenbach went off the track late in the race and retired, though he was classified in the 12th and final points paying place. Three years later, in 1990, he took part in three road course races at the end of the season for the Leader Cards team, in place of the departing Pancho Carter, with an 11th place finish at Denver followed by engine failures at Mid-Ohio and Laguna Seca.

NASCAR
By 1991, Dallenbach was ready made the jump to the world of NASCAR, racing in the Winston Cup Series. He made eleven starts that year driving one of Junie Donlavey's Fords. In 1992, former boss Jack Roush called Dallenbach up to have him drive as a teammate to Mark Martin in the No. 16 Ford. He drove for Roush during the 1992 and 1993 seasons, finishing second at Watkins Glen 1993, fifth at the 1991 Watkins Glen race, seventh at 1996 Sonoma, and tenth at the 1993 Daytona 500 and 1993 Talladega 500.

In 1994, Richard Petty put Dallenbach in the famous No. 43 Pontiac. He was the second driver other than Petty to drive the No. 43. Dallenbach finished fourth at Sonoma, eighth at Talladega and tenth at Dover, but was released part way through the season. 1995 was an up-and-down year for Dallenbach, as he did not have a full-time ride. However, a one race deal with Bill Davis in the No. 22 Pontiac almost got Dallenbach his first Cup win at Watkins Glen, but he fell in the closing laps to finish in second.

The following years saw Dallenbach jumping around to different rides. He was considered one of the better road course drivers and was often recruited to drive at such tracks as Sonoma and Watkins Glen, as many drivers struggled on these more demanding tracks. In 1996 he drove the No. 15 Ford for Bud Moore Engineering, finishing sixth at the Daytona 500, third at Sonoma and tenth at Watkins Glen. Then he drove the No. 46 First Union-sponsored Chevrolet for Felix Sabates from 1997 through part of 1998, claiming a tenth-place finish at the 1997 Watkins Glen race.

Later in 1998, Dallenbach stepped in to sub for Ricky Craven in the No. 50 Chevrolet for Hendrick Motorsports. The combination worked out well, earning three top 10s, and Dallenbach signed on to drive the No. 25 Chevrolet for 1999. It resulted in his best position in the standings of eighteenth with six top tens.

In 2000, Dallenbach joined the new Galaxy Motorsports and drove the No. 75 Ford. It was a difficult season, with a best result of ninth at Watkins Glen. In addition, promised sponsor opportunities fell through, leaving Dallenbach without a ride right before the 2001 season was to begin. In fact, Dallenbach was listed in several season preview media sources, despite never attempting a single race that season. Dallenbach would also sub for Joe Nemechek in the Pocono event in 2001.

2021
Dallenbach made his return to racing in 2021 in the Trans-Am TAH subcategory of the TA class.

Broadcasting career
Without a ride, Dallenbach took up TV commentating in 2001, covering the NASCAR races for NBC and TNT alongside Allen Bestwick (later Bill Weber, then Adam Alexander) and Benny Parsons (later Kyle Petty). In doing so, he became known for his pre-race "Wally's World" segment, where he takes celebrities for a ride around the track. The commentating also allowed Dallenbach to drive in a few Busch Series races and do some live commentary from the car. Dallenbach and Weber also teamed up to commentate several Championship Off-Road Racing events, with Dallenbach pre-running the track in a Pro-4 truck. With the NBC and TNT partnership splitting at the end of the 2006 season, Dallenbach stayed with TNT's new six-race package, and also reunited with Weber during NBC Champ Car broadcasts.

He has since run Daytona Prototypes with his brother Paul at the 24 Hours of Daytona and in 2006, won the open wheel division at the Pikes Peak International Hillclimb with Paul finishing right behind in 2nd. On September 22, 2014, Dallenbach announced he would return to Trans-Am for the season finale at Daytona in the TA2 class, stating the "broadcasting phase of my life is over".

Personal life
Dallenbach is married to Robin Dallenbach, who is the daughter of drag racing driver, engine builder, and team owner Bob McCall. Their daughter Kate Dallenbach was a member of Richard Childress Racing's driver development program.

Awards and honors

 * Pikes Peak Hill Climb Museum Hall of Fame (2022)

American open–wheel results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position)

NASCAR
(key) ( Bold – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. Italics – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. * – Most laps led. )

title: Wally Dallenbach Jr.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Elections in Russia subects

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. R e  dwolf24  (talk) 22:47, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

Elections in Russia subects
What is this? Why does it make no sense to me whatsoever? Francs2000 | Talk 18:46, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Preliminary abstain. It looks like a list of local election results, which would be encyclopedic. I added the cleanup-context template. Martg76 19:03, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Maybe someone who reads Russion could enlighten us as to what it is, after having a look at the Russian version of this page. Martg76 00:23, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete the elections may be encyclopedic, but this is not even close to being an article. --TheMidnighters 19:25, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep if they are election results. We have lists of election results. This needs confirming, parties linked to, and other work. Secretlondon 19:36, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. What's this? What's the article name? Where are references? This is just useless dump of numbers. Pavel Vozenilek 19:38, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not election results. Bad title and meaningless content. Niteowlneils 21:30, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * These are indeed some results for regional elections. I can't grok some of the abbreviations but UR is United Russia, KPRF are Kommies, SPS is Union of Right Forces and so on...  Grue   18:47, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: an automatic translation of the russian page introduction. Notice The maintenance, to clean on the bottom.
 * Elections under party lists in regions Russian Federations
 * Material from Википедии — the free encyclopedia
 * Elections under party lists in regions Russian Federations
 * Elections are spent to a regional legislature of the Russian Federation by the mixed principle: half of deputies is selected under party lists, and half — in one-mandatory constituencies with a different through passage level. Thus the information presented below, concerns only half of deputy case in each separate region. Some parties are united in selective blocks. Participation партсписков since July 2003 is obligatory.
 * The maintenance
 * [To clean]
 * -- Zanaq 00:29, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I have added the info - and some more - to the page.  Zanaq 02:24, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: User talk:70.98.146.185

title: User talk:70.98.146.185


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Abandonia

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. R e  dwolf24  (talk) 22:50, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

Abandonia
Its a good site but its still spam, spam/vanity. Nifboy 18:47, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom. --TheMidnighters 19:25, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as above. Dottore So 19:28, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. A site that I happen to visit fairly regularly, but alas- not notable. Fernando Rizo T/C 02:20, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep if Home of the Underdogs has an article, why not this one?  Grue   18:48, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * keep*This site is completly notable. its the second best to underdogs and this site is updated every day. By Punch999
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Notre Dame de Paris/archive1

Notre Dame de Paris
Partial Self Nomination - Well written and referenced, with plenty of high quality images. Not too long, not too short.--Primalchaos 18:48, 21 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Partial Support - It's very well written, but the paragraphs are kind of brief. It could benefit from longer descriptions, but if other users don't have a problem with this, I will support it. - PRueda29 - 15:48 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Object - Expand the paragrpahs. The article has great potential but its paragraphs are too short. Fix this and I'll support it. - PRueda29 - 17:28 22 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Mild oppose. While this could be a great article, I think it needs to be expanded. As it is now, the sections read more as factoids. Develop and expand the sections.--Alabamaboy 16:43, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Object. It is a good article but it still needs some work. There are a few too many lists. The significant events bullet point should be merged into the prose history sections. Good articles do not have a miscellaneous trivia section, these points need to find a home elsewhere in the article. Something also need to be done with the statistics and in the media lists. There are also several important omissions. For instance there is no coverage of the long controversy over the cathedral in post-revolutionary France, or the campaign led by Victor Hugo that eventually saw it restored. The Lead is also somewhat too short. - SimonP 16:48, August 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comments. The first photo needs to be rotated a little. A good way to expand the article would be to add some close-up photos of the three portals, and discuss their symbolism; from what recall, it was very interesting, and the interpretation was not at all obvious to me as a non-Catholic.--Bcrowell 04:05, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. The article just doesn't read well. Huge amounts of information need to be grouped into larger, better paragraphs instead of the numerous subsections in the current version. The use of Notre Dame in the media is surely a lot greater than two movies and a video game?  Páll  (Die pienk olifant) 16:09, 25 August 2005 (UTC)


text:
Louis Pierre Édouard, Baron Bignon

Louis Pierre Édouard, Baron Bignon (3 January 1771 in La Mailleraye-sur-Seine – 6 January 1841) was a French diplomat and historian.

Biography
Louis de Bignon was born at La Mailleraye-sur-Seine, Seine-Maritime, the son of a dyer. Although he had received a good education, he served throughout the early part of the French Revolutionary Wars without rising above the rank of private. In 1797, however, the attention of Talleyrand, then minister of foreign affairs was called to his exceptional abilities by General Huet, and he was attached to the diplomatic service.

After serving in the legations in Switzerland and the Cisalpine Republic, he was appointed in 1799 attaché to the French legation at Berlin, three years later he became chargé d'affaires. As minister-plenipotentiary at Cassel, between the years 1804 and 1806, he took a prominent share in the formation of the confederation of the Rhine; and after the battle of Jena he returned to Prussia as the administrator of the public domains and finances. He filled a similar function in Austria after the battle of Wagram. At the end of 1810, he became a French resident at Warsaw and was for a couple of years supreme in the affairs of the grand duchy.

The preparation of a constitution for Poland, on which he was engaged, was, however, interrupted by the events of 1812. Bignon, after a short imprisonment at the hands of the allies, returned to France in time to witness the downfall of Napoleon. During the Hundred Days he once more entered Napoleon's service, and, after the Battle of Waterloo, as minister of foreign affairs under the executive commission, it was he who signed the Convention of St. Cloud of 3 July 1815, by which Paris was handed over to the allies.

Bignon did not re-enter public life until 1817 when he was elected to the chamber of deputies, in which he sat until 1830, consistent in his opposition to the reactionary policy of successive governments. His great reputation and his diplomatic experience gave a special weight to the attacks which he published on the policy of the continental allies, two of his works attracting special attention, Du congrès de Troppau ou Examen des prétentions des monarchies absolues à l’égard de la monarchie constitutionnelle de Naples (Paris, 1821), and Les Cabinets et les peuples depuis 1815 jusqu’à la fin de 1822 (Paris, 1822).

The July Revolution, which brought his party into power, only led to a very temporary resumption of office by Bignon. He was for a few weeks minister of foreign affairs in the first government of Louis Philippe, and again for a few weeks minister of public instruction. But the idea of making him responsible for the foreign policy of France could not be realized owing to the necessity under which Louis Philippe lay of courting the goodwill of the powers, whom Bignon had offended by his outspoken writings.

Elected deputy in 1831 and member of the chamber of peers in 1839, he withdrew for the most part from politics to devote himself to his great work, the Histoire de France sous Napoleon (10 vols. 1829–1838, then 4 posthumous vols., 1847–1850). This history, while suffering the limitations of all contemporaneous narratives, contains much that does not exist elsewhere, and is one of the best-known sources for the later histories of Napoleon's reign. In his will, Napoleon had granted Bignon 100,000 francs and charged him "to write the history of French diplomacy from 1792 to 1815," although the money was never delivered

title: Louis Pierre Édouard, Baron Bignon


text: User talk:70.146.69.54

title: User talk:70.146.69.54


text:
User:ArielGold

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title: User:ArielGold


text:
Rice Mansel

Sir Rhys Mansel (c. 1487 – 1559), also Sir Rice Mansel, also Sir Rice Manxell, also Sir Rice Maunsell, Vice-Admiral, was High Sheriff of Glamorgan, a Commissioner of Peace and served as Chamberlain of Chester to King Henry VIII of England. He was High Sheriff of Glamorgan for 1542.

Sir Rice owned estates at Penrice and Oxwich, and at the Dissolution of the Monasteries he purchased Margam Abbey, which remained the property of his descendants until 1941.

He married three times, firstly Eleanor Basset, and secondly, Anne Bridges. Her son, Philip Mansel, married Mary Darrell.

Cecily Dabridgecourt, Lady Mansel
In 1527, he married his third wife, Cecily Dabridgecourt (died 1558), a daughter of William or John Dabridgecourt of Wolston and Solihull and Maria, a daughter of Richard Mynors of Treago, From 1525, she was a lady in waiting to Lady Mary, later Mary I of England, who gave her gifts of jewellery. Lady Mansel rode in Mary's coronation procession. The poet Richard Edwardes wrote of her "Mansell is a merry one". Anne Browne, Lady Petre, was chief mourner at her funeral at St Bartholomew-the-Great in September 1558. Rice Mansel's brother, Philip Mansel of Llandewy married Anne Dabridgecourt.

Children
Rice Mansel's children with his third wife, Cecily Dabridgecourt, included:
 * Sir Edward Mansel (d. 1595), who married Jane Somerset, daughter of the Earl of Worcester, and was the father of Robert Mansell sailor and glass-making entrepreneur.
 * Anthony Mansel (MP), who married Elizabeth Basset, daughter of John Basset of Llantrithryd.
 * Mary Mansel, married Sir Thomas Southwell of Woodrising, Norfolk, and was the mother of Sir Robert Southwell.

title: Rice Mansel


text:
Kaniksu National Forest

The Kaniksu National Forest (pronounced, ) is a U.S. National Forest located in northeastern Washington, the Idaho Panhandle, and northwestern Montana. It is one of three forests that are aggregated into the Idaho Panhandle National Forests, along with the Coeur d'Alene National Forest and St. Joe National Forest. Kaniksu National Forest has a total area of 1627833 acre. About 55.7% is in Idaho, 27.9% in Montana, and 16.4% in Washington.

The name Kaniksu is from a Kalispel Indian word which means "black robe." It was used to refer to the Jesuit missionaries who brought their faith to North Idaho and Eastern Washington.

History
Kaniksu National Forest was established on July 1, 1908, from a portion of Priest River National Forest. On September 30, 1933, a portion of Pend Oreille National Forest was added, and on July 1, 1954, part of Cabinet National Forest was added. Kaniksu was administratively combined with Coeur d'Alene and St. Joe National Forests on July 1, 1973.

The forest headquarters are located in Coeur d'Alene, Idaho. There are local ranger district offices located in Bonners Ferry, Priest Lake, and Sandpoint (all in Idaho).

A portion of the Salmo-Priest Wilderness lies within Kaniksu National Forest; however, most of it lies within neighboring Colville National Forest, to the west. Also, a portion (47%) of the Cabinet Mountains Wilderness lies within Kaniksu, with most of it (53%) lying within Kootenai National Forest to its north.

Counties
In descending order of land area
 * Boundary County, Idaho
 * Sanders County, Montana
 * Bonner County, Idaho
 * Pend Oreille County, Washington
 * Lincoln County, Montana
 * Stevens County, Washington
 * Kootenai County, Idaho

title: Kaniksu National Forest


text:
Wally Dallenbach

Wally Dallenbach may refer to:

 * Wally Dallenbach Sr. (1936–2024), long-time participant in CART as a driver and then as an administrator
 * Wally Dallenbach Jr. (born 1963), his son, a driver in NASCAR and later a commentator for NBC and TNT

title: Wally Dallenbach