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Oral sex

Oral sex, sometimes referred to as oral intercourse, is sexual activity involving the stimulation of the genitalia of a person by another person using the mouth (including the lips, tongue, or teeth). Cunnilingus is oral sex performed on the vulva while fellatio is oral sex performed on the penis. Anilingus, another form of oral sex, is oral stimulation of the anus.

Oral sex may be performed as foreplay to incite sexual arousal before other sexual activities (such as vaginal or anal intercourse), or as an erotic and physically intimate act in its own right. Like most forms of sexual activity, oral sex can pose a risk for contracting sexually transmitted infections (STIs). However, the transmission risk for oral sex, especially HIV transmission, is significantly lower than for vaginal or anal sex.

Oral sex is often regarded as taboo, but most countries do not have laws which ban the practice. Commonly, people do not think of oral sex as affecting the virginity of either partner, though opinions on the matter vary. People may also have negative feelings or sexual inhibitions about giving or receiving oral sex, or may flatly refuse to engage in the practice.

Practice
Oral sex may be practiced by people of any sexual orientation.

Forms
Oral sex is sexual stimulation of another person's genitals by using the mouth, and may take various forms. During facesitting, the receiver sits on the giver's face and pushes into it with their genitals. Oral sex can also be performed by both partners at the same time in the so-called "sixty-nine" position. Irrumatio is a forced form of fellatio where one actively forces their penis into the partner's mouth. In regards to masturbation, there is autofellatio, a possible but rare variant, and autocunnilingus, which may be possible for women with extremely flexible spines.

An act of group sex restricted to one woman giving oral sex to several men is referred to as a gangsuck, blowbang or lineup, all derivatives of the slang term gang bang for group sex. Bukkake and gokkun may also involve oral sex.

Preserving virginity
Oral sex may be practised to preserve virginity, especially among heterosexual pairings; this is sometimes termed technical virginity (which may include anal sex, manual sex, and other non-penetrative sex acts, but excludes penile-vaginal sex). The concept of "technical virginity" or sexual abstinence through oral sex is popular among teenagers.

Gay men who regard oral sex as a way of maintaining their virginities view penile-anal penetration as resulting in virginity loss, while other gay males may define oral sex as their main form of sexual activity. By contrast, lesbian pairings commonly view oral sex or fingering as resulting in virginity loss, though definitions of virginity loss vary among lesbians as well.

Contraception and safe sex
Oral sex alone does not result in pregnancy and heterosexual couples may engage in oral sex for contraception reasons. For conception to take place, sperm from the penis must enter the uterus and fallopian tubes and fertilize the female's egg. In humans, there is no connection between the gastrointestinal system and the reproductive system, and sperm ingested by the woman would be killed and broken down by acids in her stomach and proteins in the small intestine. The breakdown products are then absorbed as a negligible quantity of nutrients. However, there is a potential risk of pregnancy if semen comes in contact with the vaginal area in some way, such as semen in the ejaculate finding its way onto fingers, hands, or other body parts, which then comes in contact with the vaginal area.

Oral sex is not necessarily an effective method of preventing sexually transmitted infections (STIs), although some forms of STIs are believed to be less commonly spread in this way, and oral sex has been recommended as a form of safe sex. In the United States, no barrier methods for use during oral sex have been evaluated as effective by the Food and Drug Administration. However, a barrier protection like a condom for fellatio or dental dam for cunnilingus can offer some protection from contact when practicing oral sex.

Oral sex should be limited to the protected areas. A makeshift dental dam can be made out of a condom or a latex or nitrile glove, but using a real dental dam is seen as preferable; this is because real dental dams cover a larger area, avoid accidents caused by "slipping" outside the covered area, and avoid the risk that makeshift versions may be accidentally damaged or poked with the scissors during the cutting procedure. Plastic wrap may also be used as a barrier during oral sex, but there exists no conclusive scientific research regarding how effective it may or may not be at preventing disease transmission. Certain kinds of plastic wrap are manufactured to be microwaveable and are designed to have pores that open when heated, but there also exists no scientific research on what effect, if any, this has on disease transmission when used during oral sex. Some people complain that the thickness of the plastic dulls sensation.

Prevalence
A report issued by the National Center for Health Statistics in 2005 was the basis of an article in the 26 September 2005 issue of Time magazine. The report comes from the results of a computer-administered survey of over 12,000 Americans between the ages of 15 and 44, and states that over half the teenagers questioned have had oral sex. While some headlines have interpreted this as evidence that oral sex among teenagers is "on the rise", this was the first comprehensive study of its kind to examine the matter. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) stated in 2009: "Studies indicate that oral sex is commonly practiced by sexually active male-female and same-gender couples of various ages, including adolescents." Research also indicates that "males are more likely than females to have received oral sex, whereas equal proportions of men and women have given oral sex."

In a Canadian study, 89% of heterosexual and bisexual men had practiced cunnilingus. 94% of them enjoyed it. Of the latter, 76% practiced it often or very often. Reasons for not practicing cunnilingus included lack of opportunity (73%) and disgust (13%). This suggests that much more than 89% of men would practice cunnilingus if they had a chance.

Sexually transmitted infections
Some sexually transmitted infections (STIs), such as Chlamydia and human papillomavirus (HPV), can be transmitted through oral sex. Any sexual exchange of bodily fluids with a person infected with HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, poses a risk of infection. Risk of STI infection, however, is generally considered significantly lower for oral sex than for vaginal or anal sex, with HIV transmission considered the lowest risk with regard to oral sex.

There is an increased risk of STI transmission if the receiving partner has wounds on their genitals, or if the giving partner has wounds or open sores on or in their mouth, or bleeding gums. Brushing the teeth, flossing, undergoing dental work soon before or after performing oral sex can also increase the risk of transmission, because all of these activities can cause small scratches in the lining of the mouth. These wounds, even when they are microscopic, increase the chances of contracting STIs that can be transmitted orally under these conditions. Such contact can also lead to more mundane infections from common bacteria and viruses found in, around and secreted from the genital regions. Because of the aforementioned factors, medical sources advise the use of condoms or other effective barrier methods when performing or receiving oral sex with a partner whose STI status is unknown.

HPV and oral cancer link
Links have been reported between oral sex and oral cancer with human papillomavirus (HPV)-infected people. In 2005, a research study at Malmö University's Faculty of Odontology suggested that performing unprotected oral sex on a person infected with HPV might increase the risk of oral cancer. The study found that 36 percent of the cancer patients had HPV compared to only 1 percent of the healthy control group.

Another study in The New England Journal of Medicine suggests a correlation between oral sex and throat cancer. It is believed that this is due to the transmission of HPV, a virus that has been implicated in the majority of cervical cancers and which has been detected in throat cancer tissue in numerous studies. The study concludes that people who had one to five oral sex partners in their lifetime had approximately a doubled risk of throat cancer compared with those who never engaged in this activity and those with more than five oral sex partners had a 250 percent increased risk.

Miscarriage reduction
Fellatio may reduce the risk of miscarriages by inducing immunological tolerance in the woman by exposure to the proteins in her partner's semen, a process known as paternal tolerance. While any exposure to a partner's semen appears to decrease a woman's chances for the various immunological disorders that can occur during pregnancy, immunological tolerance could be most quickly established through the oral introduction and gastrointestinal absorption of semen. Recognizing that some of the studies potentially included the presence of confounding factors, such as the possibility that women who regularly perform fellatio and swallow semen also engage in more frequent intercourse, the researchers also noted that, either way, "the data still overwhelmingly supports the main theory" behind all their studies—that repeated exposure to semen establishes the maternal immunological tolerance necessary for a safe and successful pregnancy.

Cultural views

Cultural views on oral sex range from aversion to high regard. It, especially fellatio, has been deemed taboo, or at least discouraged, in many cultures and parts of the world. Laws of some jurisdictions consider oral sex to be penetrative sex for the purposes of sexual offenses with regard to the act, but most countries do not have laws which ban the practice itself, in contrast to anal sex or extramarital sex.

In Ancient Rome, fellatio was considered profoundly taboo. Sexual acts were generally seen through the prism of submission and control. This is apparent in the two Latin words for the act: irrumare (to penetrate orally), and fellare (to be penetrated orally). Under this system, it was considered to be abhorrent for a male to perform fellatio, since that would mean that he was penetrated (controlled), whereas receiving fellatio from a woman or another man of lower social status (such as a slave or debtor) was not humiliating. The Romans thought of oral sex as being far more shameful than, for example, anal sex – known practitioners were supposed to have foul breath and were often unwelcome as guests at a dinner table. This was highlighted in Roman attitudes towards irrumatio, in which it was strictly considered a form of oral rape, and any man who irrumated another person was considered to be extremely virile. Irrumatio was so degrading in Roman society in fact that it was often used as a method of punishment.

In contrast to historical views on fellatio, cunnilingus is revered as a spiritually fulfilling practice in Chinese Taoism, which regards it as having the ability to enhance longevity. In modern Western culture, oral sex is widely practiced among adolescents and adults.

People give various reasons for their dislike of oral sex. Some state that since it does not result in reproduction, it is therefore unnatural. Others find it less intimate because it is not a face-to-face practice, or believe that it is a humiliating or unclean practice; that it is humiliating or unclean are opinions that are, at least in some cases, connected with the symbolism attached to different parts of the body. Opposite these views, people also believe that oral sex "is one of the most intimate behaviors that a couple can engage in because it requires total trust and vulnerability."

While commonly believed that lesbian sexual practices involve cunnilingus for all women who have sex with women (WSW), some have an aversion to cunnilingus due to not liking the experience or psychological or social factors, such as finding it unclean. Other WSW believe that it is a necessity or largely defines lesbian sexual activity. Lesbian couples are more likely to consider a woman's dislike of cunnilingus as a problem than heterosexual couples are, and it is common for them to seek therapy to overcome inhibitions regarding it.

Terminology and slang
There are many words which refer to oral sex, including euphemisms and sexual slang. Like all aspects of sexuality, there exists a large number of variations on a theme, a few common ones being:

 * Giving head – A common American slang term for giving oral sex to either a man or woman is giving head, from the term head job (in contrast to hand job, manual stimulation). A play on the slang term head resulted in the slang term brains, or brain salad surgery, domes or getting domes.
 * Plate – A once common British rhyming slang for fellate that arose in the gay slang language of Polari that spread in the 1960s. The term is less common today.
 * Cunnilingus is also sometimes referred to as muff diving, eating out or poon-job, a slang term and a cunnilingus variant of blow job, where poon is short for poontang or punani.
 * Additionally, in lesbian culture, several common slang terms used are carpet munching, giving lip, lip service or tipping the velvet (a pseudo-Victorian expression invented by novelist Sarah Waters).

Other slang terms for oral sex include going down on (male or female), licking out and muff diving (female), blow job (male), dome (male or female), sucking off (male), playing the skin flute (male recipient), rolling cigars (male recipient), lolly-gagging (gay male-on-male), gaining knowledge (male recipient) and bust down (male). Forced fellatio is often called Egyptian rape or simply Egyptian; this goes back to the time of the Crusades when Mamluks were alleged to force their Christian captives to do this.

Other animals
Oral sex has been observed in the animal kingdom among many species. It has been suggested that there is an evolutionary advantage due to the tendency of primates, non-primates and humans to have oral sex. Fellatio occurs with the fruit bat (Cynopterus sphinx); it has been observed when the bats are mating. These bat pairs spend more time copulating if the female licks the male than if she does not.

Unlike many other animals, fish from the genus Corydoras reproduce orally. The male faces perpendicularly to the female so that she may be able to attach to his reproductive apparatus. He then releases sperm into the mouth of the female, crossing her digestive system and fertilising her eggs.

title: Oral sex


text: Category:Will Oldham albums

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Will Oldham albums


text:
User talk:BuhSah

 * Welcome to my userpage. Do me.

you suck
i h8 u nerd --BuhSah 07:06, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Why you no be kind? --BuhSah 07:07, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

Vandalism
This is your last warning. The next time you vandalize a page, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia. Zoe 07:32, August 18, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:BuhSah


text:
User:CensorshipOfCensorship

WikiProject Wikipedians for Decency

Template:DecencyWikiProject

Take a look at the above, then vote at Votes for deletion/WikiProject Wikipedians for Decency

CensorshipOfCensorship 07:06, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User:CensorshipOfCensorship


text:
User talk:CensorshipOfCensorship

WikiProject Wikipedians for Decency

Template:DecencyWikiProject

Take a look at the above, then vote at Votes for deletion/WikiProject Wikipedians for Decency

CensorshipOfCensorship 07:06, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

The template should not be placed on article pages
Hi,CensorshipOfCensorship. Please stop putting the template on article pages, it's inappropriate there. It should be placed on talk pages only (if that, but that's another question). Please see WikiProject Wikipedians for Decency, which says so. Best wishes, Bishonen | talk 11:12, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:CensorshipOfCensorship


text:
Royal Hobart Show

The Royal Hobart Show is an annual event held in October at the Royal Showgrounds in Glenorchy, Tasmania, Australia. It is the largest of the Royal Shows held in cities and towns around the state by the Royal Agricultural Society of Tasmania. The event focuses on the rural exploits of Tasmanians with events such as livestock judging and wood chopping. Also popular at the event are show bags and rides.

The show runs for four days, Wednesday through to Saturday, ending on the fourth Saturday in October. The Thursday is a public holiday in the south of the Tasmania, known as Hobart Show Day. The Friday night traditionally has fireworks. The Saturday is known as family day and usually involves many discounts and savings on showbags and rides from the other days.

In many ways it can be considered similar (although smaller) to the Sydney Royal Easter Show.

History
The first edition of the show was in 1822, and it was held near Salamanca Place.

The Great War cancelled the show from 1915 to 1918, and also 1940 to 1944 due to World War II. At the 1968 show, stuntman Adrian Labans fell 50 ft to his death from a high wire act.

In June 2020 that years show was cancelled due to restrictions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia.

title: Royal Hobart Show


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Fragaria daltoniana

Fragaria daltoniana is a species of flowering plant in the family Rosaceae. It is a strawberry native to the Himalayas. Its fruit has a poor flavor, and is of no commercial value.

All strawberries have a base haploid count of 7 chromosomes. Fragaria daltoniana is diploid, having 2 pairs of these chromosomes for a total of 14 chromosomes. Fragaria daltoniana is one of the two Fragaria species containing a genome that is cold-resistant that can improve the growth and yielding of garden strawberry crops from abiotic stress.

title: Fragaria daltoniana


text:
User:Jeremygbyrne/Alchemy (film)

Alchemy (2012) is a movie by a director credited as "S. Thompson" (but almost certainly not Suzanna Thompson as has been suggested), based on the novels Augury and Alchemy by Sylvia Roslyn La Some and shown simultaneously to an estimated 110 million viewers from 10.30-12.00 GMT (plus a 15-minute follow-up in some countries) 22 December 2012.

The movie was created using a game engine (speculatively identified as HugeWorld v1.5) and found objects, in the form of publicly available high-quality avatars of certain actors. This process is known as machinimation, and Alchemy is an early example of "broadcast-quality" products in this medium.

Cast
All cast-members of this film were simulated using computer-generated avatars. There is some evidence the actors whose images were used in this way had been approached by individuals purporting to represent a filmmaking venture during the years preceding the release of the movie, but at least one settlement has been recorded against the production company.

 * Whoopi Goldberg — Marilyn Monroe
 * Ayana Cahrr — Maddie
 * Jeff Goldblum — Wulf Kagan
 * Jeri Ryan — Seven
 * William H. Macy — Samuel McGann
 * Gene Hackman — Fuller R. Thomas
 * William V of United Kingdom — Himself

Opening sequence

 * Rough screenplay for opening credits sequence.

Notes and Scenes
Material in this section is incomplete and particularly subject to change.

 * Maddie's background with Krumping; later exposure to Capoeira (see below)
 * Burning Man
 * Bohemian Grove
 * Meeting at silent rave with DJ Null (formerly of The Spike)
 * Noble dialogue from Wulf re. the Documentary hypothesis corrupting a purist, down-to-earth Jahwist text with Elohist mysticism as a compromise and then additional codes of law for in support of various kings for "reformist" ends; leads into Revelation hoax material
 * Prince Georg Friedrich of Prussia, pretender to the Imperial crown of Prussia, becomes one of William's paladins, an informal group of princelings who support and assist him in his mission; denounced as "The Apostles of the Antichrist" in the US media
 * Georg Friedrich has a connection to the Russian cosmists, early singularitarians who influenced the development of the datapool

 * Fuller Thomas's final speech is an obvious hommage to the Oscar-nominated Arthur Jensen "There is no America, There is no Democracy" rant from Network, although at an unwieldy six minutes it has more often been compared to the interminable Architect monologue in The Matrix Reloaded
 * A "terrorist incident" involving the re-shaping of the bust of Abraham Lincoln on Mount Rushmore to resemble Osama bin Laden using carefully placed explosive charges is later revealed to have been a Confederate Century signal

Taglines

 * Everything You Know is Wrong
 * It's All About Gold

Intellectual Property Issues
In October 2012 the producers of the film agreed to include a "Based on Ideas By" microtip box on all Cycle-related websites, on the basis of an "informal storyline patent" registration by the publisher of Bette Noir.

Fanac
Several major in-game remakes of the film were produced in the late twenteens.

Dedication
The film is dedicated (in its closing credits) to "The Work and Wisdom of Sylvia La Some". This connection is credited with a significant upsurge in interest in what was until then a relatively obscure cult.

Trivia

 * Originally intended release date (as announced on website): 18 December 2005

title: User:Jeremygbyrne/Alchemy (film)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Jive.exe

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Keep. Redwolf24 01:48, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

Jive.exe
Non-notable piece of software. Speedy deleted already, restored by Tony Sidaway, I am now listing it here. Zoe 07:13, August 18, 2005 (UTC) * Delete, if already speedied, tag it to make it stand. -- < drini | ∂drini > 07:14, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep as the new version is much better. -- < drini | ∂drini > 16:35, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete in my opinion "Jive.exe is a DOS program that converts plain english to jive." does not provide enough context. it doesn't tell what jive is alhtough I'm assuming it's some non-notable conlang. Might change my mind if someone provided sources. - Mgm|(talk) 08:38, August 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Write an article about Jive speak and merge this there. - Mgm|(talk) 12:14, August 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Jive is jive talk, like in Airplane! Zoe 08:54, August 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Firstly it's not a speedy deletion candidate (User:JYolkowski also made a comment to this effect in an edit summary which is in the history), and secondly it correctly describes the subject matter.  I'll expand. --Tony Sidaway Talk  08:59, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. Done. It's quite difficult to find original sources on this because the idea is a simple one and it's been duplicated many times.  The phenomenon is quite well known, however, so I provided some external links--including quite a number from Swedish Chef.  I'll have to work on the categorization--if we have a cat for novelty software I haven't yet found it. There was apparently no existing cat for novelty software so I created one. --Tony Sidaway Talk  09:29, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, nn. Radiant_ >|< 10:45, August 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, nn. Query whether a category for 'novelty software' is necessary also. Proto t c 12:03, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. - EurekaLott 12:16, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, this is one of those fun things people distribute by email. It's bad enough we have conlangs let along search-and-replace-style language-altering tools. GarrettTalk 13:36, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment'. It's been the occasion of some interesting legal questions.  Borkified and Jived documents were submitted as evidence in the case Scientology versus Panoussis, 1998 in Stockholm, as reported by freelance journalist Karin Spaink.  The defendants claimed that this was legitimate parody; the plaintiffs, violation of copyright. I've started a small section on this and will complete it when I found out whether the issue of parody through automatic filters was ever decided. This alone would make the software notable, in my opinion. --Tony Sidaway Talk  15:25, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as not notable. - brenneman (t) (c)  13:38, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * No vote on keep vs deletion but Rename to "Jive (computer software)" if we keep it. It's multiplatform.  I've added some information to the article about the earliest implementations of this that I know of, which were distributed for Unix in the late '80s. Nandesuka 16:17, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm with Nandesuka on this. It should have a decent name.  If someone wanted my opinion, I'd suggest that dialect filter might be most suitable, but I'd accept any other name that doesn't contain parentheses or punctuation--words should be enough and are more likely to be correctly remembered.  But it's not that important to me.  If this article survives VfD then is the time to talk about a move. --Tony Sidaway Talk  22:24, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn. GregAsche 16:38, August 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, this spawned a whole genre of programs. Kappa 17:08, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - interesting footnote to software history. Trollderella 18:17, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Needs better name though. Alf 22:07, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. It be some very notable honky code. ElBenevolente 02:21, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Agree with Nandesuka. Not sure why this was speedied and I'd support Tony's action in rescuing this article, and commend him highly for his work in improving it. Clair de Lune 08:19, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. whether notable or not doesn't matter. Rename if it is not only about a exe. Tobias Conradi (Talk) 14:09, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Well written, this is the sort of thing that gives Wikipedia depth and its breadth. Well formatted and complete it does no harm and sets Wikipedia apart from other encyclopedias. Rx StrangeLove 00:11, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep as per Rx StrangeLove -PlainSight 02:18, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Original speedy was valid. So is this article (though it definitely needs a move). No contradiction here. JRM · Talk 13:51, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Not to appear too argumentative (as if!) but what CSD would you have put the original under? --Tony Sidaway Talk 14:10, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * First one: "very short articles providing little or no context". Mind you, I'm not disputing the context could be extended based on what was in the article and/or personal knowledge (you obviously did so). Further disagreements are tantamount to asking what context is needed before it moves away from "little or no context". A useful question, but one the CSD policy does not answer, and is left to personal opinion (with common sense applied, of course). JRM · Talk 15:42, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes, while I understand your reasoning, well I don't think there should be anything special in a stub. If my son said "what's jive.exe" and I replied "it's one of those programs that translate ordinary speech into a weird dialect", he'd probably have learned pretty much what the program was about.  If that can happen in speech I don't see that it needs any more in the way of words to convey the same idea in a stub article. I think we should be permissive of stubs like this that obviously make sense. I've no idea what extra context would be required than the correct juxtaposition of the concept: program, conversion and jive, which were all there: "Jive.exe is a DOS program that converts plain english to jive." User:JYolkowski had earlier removed a speedy tag because, he said, he didn't think it lacked context. --Tony Sidaway Talk  23:38, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I note that at the time jive contained nothing useful, and JYolkowski only removed the speedy tag without a clarification beyond "I think the context is sufficient" (making it a he-said-she-said-but-I-think case for any admin clearing it out). But I'm not arguing the point here: we agree that a reasonable difference of opinion is possible in this case, even if we may disagree on the most productive course of action, and we also obviously agree on the outcome of this VfD. JRM · Talk 00:27, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: User talk:81.132.24.12

title: User talk:81.132.24.12


text:
Talk:Robert Trivers

Why is this short
I don't have time right now to write more about this guy but more needs to be done.2601:0:AC01:8200:4568:B0FF:70E3:B6E4 (talk) 22:42, 30 December 2014 (UTC)
 * I agree, I'm rather shocked at how brief this is given what an immense contribution Trivers made to the biology of behavior. I'm going to have some time later this week and I plan to do some editing here and also on The Folly of Fools which is also very sparse. --MadScientistX11 (talk) 01:36, 10 February 2015 (UTC)

Huey Newton's title
Huey Newton is named here as chairman of the Black Panthers but in the main article on Huey Newton, he is referred to as Minister of Defence. Which is correct?

Does Dr. Trivers have a Jamaican connection? I thought he did, because at some point he lived there, I think?? Can anyone confirm? 66.161.120.11 16:21, 29 January 2007 (UTC)

 * See references for articles detailing Trivers' connection to Jamaica. Rolando 05:42, 10 April 2007 (UTC)

Pronunciation
"Triv" or "try", i.e. a short /i/ or the dyphthong /ai/ in the first syllable? While perhaps obvious to the native speakers of English, it is far from that to those speaking English as a second language. Needless to say, the same goes for a great number of other names. Ariosto 04:12, 17 March 2007 (UTC)

 * It rhymes with "shivers." I will request an IPA pronunciation. Rolando 05:42, 10 April 2007 (UTC)
 * ✅ - Zeibura (Talk) 08:55, 21 June 2007 (UTC)

Bachelor's Degree
He did get a BA in history, didn't he? I suppose that the parenthetical just refers to him not having gotten a BA in biology. Is that right? If so, it's a bit confusing. JrFace 21:44, 19 June 2007 (UTC)

 * No, he didn't. He suffered a breakdown and dropped out of Yale.  He claims in Natural Selection and Social Theory (2002) to have never received a bachelor's degree. 65.95.162.144 00:34, 19 September 2007 (UTC)

Time 100
There is no indication that he was named to the Time 100. Edge (http://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/bios/trivers.html) claims he was, but where did they get that information? The link on this page goes to a commentary article on Time, and Trivers does not appear in the Time 100 list for any year. 65.95.162.144 00:36, 19 September 2007 (UTC)

some geneticists say there is no such thing as race...
Reading this article I realized that, while it is common in wikipedia to mention that somebody is Jewish or African American, etc., articles don't generally mention "white" or "caucasian". It says in this article that Trivers joined the Black Panther Party, which of course was a black political movement. I had to google his photo to draw my own conclusions about the significance of Trivers's friendship with Huey Newton and membership in the Black Panthers. I'm not saying anything, I'm just saying: it's a weird policy; probably, it's been discussed somewhere else before.
 * I think an easy fix would be to add Robert's charming mug to the infobox. I'll see if there is an image in the commons. --MadScientistX11 (talk) 01:40, 10 February 2015 (UTC)
 * No luck there. I hate working with images so avoid it as much as possible, does anyone have any suggestions where I might find a public domain photo of Trivers? Or is it possible to make a fair use exception? --MadScientistX11 (talk) 01:43, 10 February 2015 (UTC)
 * I reached out to the web master at Trivers personal site. He replied very quickly and said he would see what he can do :-) --MadScientistX11 (talk) 19:23, 10 February 2015 (UTC)
 * I haven't heard back from the web master yet but my guess is that Trivers has other things on his mind right now. He is involved in a controversy at Rutgers, they suspended him for refusing to teach: http://www.nj.com/education/2014/02/rutgers_suspends_top_anthropology_professor_for_allegedly_refusing_to_teach_report_says.html I plan to work this into the article and after another week or so I'll ping the web master again. If anyone has any suggestions for other sources for copyleft pictures of Trivers please let me know. --MadScientistX11 (talk) 02:51, 15 February 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Robert Trivers


text:
Ship of State

The Ship of State is an ancient and oft-cited metaphor, famously expounded by Plato in the Republic (Book 6, 488a–489d), which likens the governance of a city-state to the command of a vessel. Plato expands the established metaphor and ultimately argues that the only people fit to be captain of the ship (ναῦς) are philosopher kings, benevolent men with absolute power who have access to the Form of the Good. The origins of the metaphor can be traced back to the lyric poet Alcaeus (fragments 6, 208, 249), and it is also found in Aeschylus' Seven Against Thebes, Sophocles' Antigone and Aristophanes' Wasps before Plato. During the Renaissance Sebastian Brant amplified and reworked Plato's text in a satirical book The Ship of Fools (Das Narrenschiff,1494) which was translated soon in Latin, French and English

Plato's use of the metaphor
Plato establishes the comparison by saying that Zeus was one of the best models of describing the steering of a ship as just like any other "craft" or profession—in particular, that of a statesman. He then runs the metaphor in reference to a particular type of government: democracy. Plato's democracy is not the modern notion of a mix of democracy and republicanism, but rather direct democracy by way of pure majority rule.

In the metaphor, found at 488a–489d, Plato's Socrates compares the population at large to a strong but near-sighted ship's master. The quarreling sailors are demagogues and politicians, and the ship's navigator is a philosopher. The sailors flatter themselves with claims to knowledge of sailing, despite knowing nothing of navigation, and are constantly vying with one another for the approval of the master, offering wine and gifts. In truth, the sailors care little for the master's wellbeing, and desire only to gain captaincy of the ship and access to its valuable food stores. The navigator is dismissed as a useless stargazer yet is the only one with the knowledge to direct the ship's course safely.

Metaphor
The metaphor of the ship of state: "Imagine then a fleet or a ship in which there is a captain who is taller and stronger than any of the crew, but he is a little deaf and has a similar infirmity in sight, and his knowledge of navigation is not much better. The sailors are quarrelling with one another about the steering—everyone is of opinion that he has a right to steer, though he has never learned the art of navigation and cannot tell who taught him or when he learned, and will further assert that it cannot be taught, and they are ready to cut in pieces anyone who says the contrary. They throng about the captain, begging and praying him to commit the helm to them; and if at any time they do not prevail, but others are preferred to them, they kill the others or throw them overboard, and having first chained up the noble captain’s senses with drink or some narcotic drug, they mutiny and take possession of the ship and make free with the stores; thus, eating and drinking, they proceed on their voyage in such manner as might be expected of them. Him who is their partisan and cleverly aids them in their plot for getting the ship out of the captain’s hands into their own whether by force or persuasion, they compliment with the name of sailor, pilot, able seaman, and abuse the other sort of man, whom they call a good-for-nothing; but that the true pilot must pay attention to the year and seasons and sky and stars and winds, and whatever else belongs to his art, if he intends to be really qualified for the command of a ship, and that he must and will be the steerer, whether other people like or not the possibility of this union of authority with the steerer’s art has never seriously entered into their thoughts or been made part of their calling. Now in vessels which are in a state of mutiny and by sailors who are mutineers, how will the true pilot be regarded? Will he not be called by them a prater, a star-gazer, a good-for-nothing?"

- Plato

The Ship of State since Plato
Reference to it has been made routinely throughout Western culture ever since its inception; two notable literary examples are Horace's ode 1.14 and "O Ship of State" by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. Roger Williams, the founder of Rhode Island, used the metaphor in his "Letter to the Town of Providence" (1656). The Jacobins of the French Revolution frequently used this reference for the new French Republic as it defended itself from several European monarchies.

It was also used by the biographer Asser in his Life of King Alfred, with the King "struggling like an excellent pilot to guide his ship laden with much wealth to the desired and safe haven of his homeland.

Thomas Carlyle used it to inveigh against the democratic movements of his time. More recently, it has become a staple of American political discussion, where it is viewed simply as its image of the state as a ship, in need of a government as officers to command it—and conspicuously absent of its anti-democratic, pro-absolutist original meaning.

The term has entered popular culture as well. Leonard Cohen's song "Democracy" contains the line "Sail on. Sail on, o mighty ship of state. To the shores of need, past the reefs of greed, through the squalls of hate." Also, in his second novel Beautiful Losers (1966), Cohen writes "Sail on, sail on, O Ship of State, auto accidents, births, Berlin, cures for cancer!" (p. 12). In the British TV series Yes Minister, Sir Humphrey Appleby pointed out that "the Ship of State is the only ship that leaks from the top".

title: Ship of State


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User talk:Musicdude622

Hi, let's not try to break the Three-revert_rule. Go to the talk page to defend your additions beforehand Talk:King_Rising_Levitation. Thanks.--Muchosucko 07:14, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Musicdude622


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Talk:Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Clown College

Wrong Mel Miller
The Mel Miller cited as an instructor here is not correct. Mel Miller the South African Comedian had no connection to Clown College. The correct Mel Miller is Mel (Melvin C. Miller,jr) Miller 1926-1981. I don't believe he has a page right now, I will try to figure out how to do it sometime soon. I am his daughter.. Mostlyok (talk) 07:56, 10 April 2014 (UTC)

"Clown college" listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has asked for a discussion to address the redirect Clown college. Please participate in the redirect discussion if you wish to do so. Smartyllama (talk) 00:53, 26 November 2019 (UTC)


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Robot Rock (song)

"Robot Rock" is the lead single from Daft Punk's third studio album Human After All. The single was released initially on 11 April 2005 with a music video, directed by and featuring the duo, preceding the single's release. While the single reached a moderately high chart position, many critics found the song overly repetitive when compared to songs from their other studio albums at the time. It features a sample of "Release the Beast" performed by Breakwater.

Composition
Musically, "Robot Rock" has been described as electronic rock and dance-rock. It contains a sample of the Breakwater song "Release the Beast". The sample features a synthesizer riff with an oscillator sync timbre, as well as percussion and power chords on an electric guitar. Daft Punk incorporated a vocoder into the production, repeating the title phrase of "Robot Rock". Aside from the sampling, Thomas Bangalter noted that the duo used a Moog synthesizer with guitar pedals for the song.

The Breakwater sample is credited on the single's sleeve and on the liner notes of the parent Human After All album. Bangalter explained that on his Roulé label, "we've been doing records that are 9 minutes with only [a single] one second loop, with even less foundation than there is on 'Robot Rock'. It's always been a way to reinterpret things—sometimes it's using [an] element from the past, or sometimes recreating them and fooling the eyes or the ears, which is just a fun thing to do." He elaborated that the song "is a tribute to the power of heavy rock chords. In a way I think we were exploring if you can take the essence of rock—that power—and mix it with dance. But to take a riff and loop it is to explore the core of rock."

The Breakwater synthesizer riff is absent from the "Maximum Overdrive" remix of "Robot Rock", which consists of the song's other elements for a duration of nearly six minutes. A music video for this remix has been shot and included on the Daft Punk Musique Vol. 1 1993–2005 compilation CD and DVD.

Music video
The music video for "Robot Rock" consists of Thomas Bangalter and Guy-Manuel de Homem-Christo of Daft Punk performing the song on a stage decorated with several televisions and lights, and filmed on VHS, to achieve an aged look. This is the first video to feature the duo as themselves exclusively. This pattern continues for the rest of the Human After All videos except for "The Prime Time of Your Life", where they only make a cameo appearance. Bangalter plays the Gibson EDS-1275 double neck guitar shown on the "Robot Rock" single cover while de Homem-Christo performs on a drum set.

Critical reception
Though it reached moderate positions in UK and U.S. dance charts, the single encountered criticism for its general structure. A review in Stylus Magazine expressed that the track "does nothing, means nothing and goes nowhere for an unconscionably long time." References to earlier Daft Punk singles were also mentioned, as Rolling Stone declared "nothing builds to achieve the prior glories of 'Da Funk' or 'One More Time'" and Pitchfork Media noted that the single "is a poor man's 'Aerodynamic'." However, a Sputnikmusic review noted that "although annoying in nature, [it] is also very rewarding to listen to."

Personnel

 * Daft Punk – vocals, electric guitar, drum machine, synthesizer, bass guitar, vocoder, Moog synthesizer, guitar pedals, programming, production

title: Robot Rock (song)


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Arytenoid cartilage

The arytenoid cartilages are a pair of small three-sided pyramids which form part of the larynx. They are the site of attachment of the vocal cords. Each is pyramidal or ladle-shaped and has three surfaces, a base, and an apex. The arytenoid cartilages allow for movement of the vocal cords by articulating with the cricoid cartilage. They may be affected by arthritis, dislocations, or sclerosis.

Structure
The arytenoid cartilages are part of the posterior part of the larynx.

Surfaces
The posterior surface is triangular, smooth, concave, and gives attachment to the arytenoid muscle and transversus.

The antero-lateral surface is somewhat convex and rough. On it, near the apex of the cartilage, is a rounded elevation (colliculus) from which a ridge (crista arcuata) curves at first backward and then downward and forward to the vocal process. The lower part of this crest intervenes between two depressions or foveæ, an upper, triangular, and a lower oblong in shape; the latter gives attachment to the thyroarytenoid muscle (vocal muscle).

The medial surface is narrow, smooth, and flattened, covered by mucous membrane. It forms the lateral boundary of the intercartilaginous part of the rima glottidis.

Base and apex
The base of each cartilage is broad, and on it is a concave smooth surface, for articulation with the cricoid cartilage.

 * Its lateral angle is called the muscular process.
 * Its anterior angle is called the vocal process.

The apex of each cartilage is pointed, curved backward and medialward, and surmounted by a small conical, cartilaginous nodule, the corniculate cartilage. It articulates with the cricoid lamina with a ball-and-socket joint.

Function
The arytenoid cartilages allow the vocal folds to be tensed, relaxed, or approximated. They articulate with the supero-lateral parts of the cricoid cartilage lamina, forming the cricoarytenoid joints at which they can come together, move apart, tilt anteriorly or posteriorly, and rotate.

Arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis can affect the cricoarytenoid joint. This can cause airway obstruction, which may be life-threatening.

Dislocation
Rarely, the arytenoid cartilage may be dislocated. This is most often caused by tracheal intubation, major trauma to the larynx, or more rarely a laryngeal mask airway. This may cause symptoms with problems breathing, such as "breathiness" when breathing. Electromyography and CT scans of the larynx may be used to assess a dislocation in detail. Dislocations may be reduced using an endoscope.

Laryngeal cancer
Some cases of laryngeal cancer cause the arytenoid cartilage to appear sclerotic. This may be observed, and is highly predictive of laryngeal cancer.

Etymology
The term "arytenoid" comes from Ancient Greek ἀρύταινα arytaina meaning "ladle" and εἶδος eidos, meaning "form". They are also often described as "pyramid" shaped. The word "arytenoid" is pronounced.

Other animals
The arytenoid cartilages are in the larynxes of many animals, including horses.

title: Arytenoid cartilage


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User:Swalker20659

Swalker20659

title: User:Swalker20659


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Talk:Tibetan art

[Untitled]
User::Buddhawelt, thank you for your contribution to the Tibetan art article. I see that the text you added is directly copied from another source at www.qhnews.com. Unless their writing is in the public domain we cannot use it on Wikipedia. Perhaps you can do some independent research on Regong Art and write your own version to add to this article? The contribution does seem worthwhile. In the meantime I'm removing the text which we cannot use. technopilgrim 07:18, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

Greek influence
I would like to question the relevance of the first paragraph: it sounds a bit absurd to me (and a sign of western tunnel-vision) to start an article on Tibetan Buddhist art with a paragraph on Greek influence. Although this is posed by some scholars, I am not aware that this Greek influence is either large or even proven with any certainty. It would be like starting a age on European culture with art in China because there might have been an influence via the Silk Road or something... rudy 11:55, 11 March 2007 (UTC)

 * I agree with your concerns. This reference early on in the article, seems a bit like saying, never mind the natives, a confused Columbus discovered America! Maybe this heading could be moved to a side bar with the preface, "Some scholars believe..."--Tibetanmuseum 21:37, 11 March 2007 (UTC)

 * The Greek influence on Buddhist art is almost universally accepted by scholars. Greek influences of Alexander the Great directly contributed to the beginnings of actual portrait pieces of the Buddha beginning in the Indian region of Gandhara around the 1st-5th centuries AD. The Buddha figures from this region at this time bear a striking resemblance to more traditional Greek sculpture, and many Greek artisans were known to have lived in India at the time, so there really isn't much dispute among art historians. That being said, this really had no influence on Tibetan art directly, other than being the event that started the tradition of Buddhist sculpture as we now conceive of it. Chinese, Nepalese, and Tibetan Bon influences had a much greater impact on Tibetan Buddhist art. Maybe just a sentence about this would be fine, but saying it had a huge bearing on specifically Tibetan Buddhist art isn't really correct. Chiwara 15:34, 6 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Sorry, misread your comment.rudy 15:47, 6 May 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tibetan art


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User talk:Bivinatorman

Ancient Greene
Don't post nonsense. Zoe 07:18, August 18, 2005 (UTC)

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks.

Welcome to Wikipedia. We invite everyone to contribute constructively to our encyclopedia. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing. However, unconstructive edits are considered vandalism, and if you continue in this manner you may be blocked from editing without further warning. Please stop, and consider improving rather than damaging the work of others. Thank you. --Brat32 23:23, 17 August 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Bivinatorman


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Football Victoria

Football Victoria is the state governing body for soccer in Victoria, Australia. It is affiliated with Football Australia, the sport's national governing body.

History
Football Victoria began operation in 1884 under the name Anglo Australian Football Association of Victoria and is one of the oldest sporting associations in Victoria. It has had several name changes over the years, but has survived as the governing body of soccer in Victoria since this time.

In 2009, player registrations for soccer in Victoria passed 50,000, the highest number in the federation's history.

In 2018, the federation was renamed from "Football Federation Victoria" to "Football Victoria".

Formation
Football Federation Victoria oversees all aspects of the sport within the state, however there are twelve regional associations that manage local leagues and competitions in their areas.

 * Albury Wodonga Football Association
 * Ballarat & District Soccer Association
 * Bendigo Amateur Soccer League
 * Cobram Junior Soccer Association
 * Football Federation Victoria Geelong Region
 * Gippsland Soccer League
 * Latrobe Valley Soccer League
 * Moama-Echuca Soccer Association
 * Shepparton Junior Soccer Association
 * Football Federation Victoria Sunraysia
 * Swan Hill Soccer League
 * South West Victorian Football Association

Soccer pyramid in Victoria
For the full soccer pyramid in Australia, see Australian soccer league system.

The soccer pyramid in Victoria comprises the seven levels of soccer in Victoria below the A-League. It has a hierarchical format that features promotion and relegation between all levels (aside from the A-League and regional leagues). All clubs in the system are eligible for entry to the FFA Cup, and are seeded in accordance to tier standing.

For the 2013 season, Football Federation Victoria announced a restructure of the league. Tiers 5, 6 and 7, which were previously known as Provisional League 1, 2 and 3 respectively were removed, as was the Metropolitan League (tier 8). They were replaced by State League 4 and 5, divided geographically into North, East, South and West divisions, thus making State League 5 the lowest division in which are club can theoretically be promoted into the VPL. The Victorian Premier League and State League 1 to 3 remained the same.

2013 will also see the inaugural State League Champions series take place in Victoria. The champion of each league from State League 1 and below will play a finals series against the champions of other regions in their division as follows:
 * State League 1 North-West v South-East
 * State League 2 North-West vs South-East
 * State League 3 North-West vs South-East
 * State League 4 North vs West & South vs East, with winners meeting in a final
 * State League 5 North vs West & South vs East, with winners meeting in a final

Various regional leagues that are affiliated with the FFV, although they are not connected to the Victorian soccer pyramid and thus there is no promotion or relegation between them. These leagues include Bayside FA Premier, Gippsland Soccer League, North Eastern Soccer League, Bendigo Amateur Soccer League, Ballarat & District Soccer Association, Geelong Regional Football Association and South West Victorian Football Association, as well as various junior leagues.

title: Football Victoria


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Clipsal

Clipsal is an Australian brand of electrical accessories. Their primary factory, once located at Bowden, moved to Gepps Cross, South Australia. Smaller factories in South Australia at Nuriootpa, Strathalbyn, Wingfield, Bayswater and in Victoria have closed and production has moved to Gepps Cross and to offshore locations. From 2000 to 2017, Clipsal was the naming rights sponsor for the Adelaide 500 Supercars race.

Since 2004 Clipsal Australia has been a subsidiary of Schneider Electric.

History
Clipsal was established by A. E. Gerard in Adelaide, Australia in 1920. Clipsal began by selling a range of adjustable sheet metal fittings which joined the various imported conduits of differing diameters found in Australia at the time. These products helped give the company its name, the phrase "clips all" being abridged to Clipsal. Alfred's son Geoff took over the company and spearheaded several manufacturing breakthroughs, including the invention of the first all-Australian switch in 1930. The company also performed early R&D on thermoplastics in the 1950s.

Clipsal Integrated Systems, a division of Clipsal, was responsible for the creation of the C-Bus product range and accompanying protocol used in home automation.

Clipsal entered into a collaboration agreement with "The Smart Company" in 1995, and later entered into a Heads of Agreement in 1996. These agreements led to the development of the Clipsal Home Minder, which was sold until 2004.

In 2004, Clipsal Australia became majority-owned by Schneider Electric.

Litigation
From 2004 to 2011, Clipsal Integrated Systems, Clipsal Technologies Australia and Clipsal Australia were in litigation with The Smart Company Pty Ltd regarding the Clipsal Home Minder and other Smart products.

The litigation was for apparent unpaid royalties to The Smart Company pursuant to the Heads of Agreement.

The Smart Company went into liquidation on 28 May 2010. Liquidators of The Smart Company went to the Supreme Court to gain control of the Clipsal case. Prior to liquidation, director Dorothea Tomazos transferred the benefit of the case to herself for $1. In August 2010, liquidators gained control of the Clipsal case to continue the action against Clipsal (and effectively Schneider Electric) for up to 4 billion Australian dollars. Enterprise Global Resources, (controlled by Dorothea Tomazos) intervened as the shareholder of The Smart Company to take control of the Federal Court action, allegedly thereby delaying the case. In February 2011, Enterprise Global Resources was refused permission to maintain the proceedings.

The case was dismissed on 29 April 2011, due to The Smart Company failing to comply with the orders from November 2009 to prepare for the 12-week trial. Although the trial was scheduled to start on 31 May 2010, liquidators were unable to progress during late 2010 and early 2011 due to lacking access to documents possessed by The Smart Company relating to the action.

The liquidators filed a Notice of Appeal against the dismissal on 20 May 2011. In June 2011, the Yamaha Pitman founders attempted to resurrect the case against Clipsal Australia, filing the $3 million Deed Of Company Arrangement. The liquidators were in talks with a litigation funder, a third party, about the purchase of the Clipsal case. The liquidators discontinued the Appeal on 8 July 2011 and were ordered to pay the costs.

title: Clipsal


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Central neurogenic hyperventilation

Central neurogenic hyperventilation (CNH) is an abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by deep and rapid breaths at a rate of at least 25 breaths per minute. Increasing irregularity of this respiratory rate generally is a sign that the patient will enter into coma. CNH is unrelated to other forms of hyperventilation, like Kussmaul's respirations. CNH is the human body's response to reduced carbon dioxide levels in the blood. This reduction in carbon dioxide is caused by contraction of cranial arteries from damage caused by lesions in the brain stem. However, the mechanism by which CNH arises as a result from these lesions is still very poorly understood. Current research has yet to provide an effective means of treatment for the rare number of patients who are diagnosed with this condition.

Signs and symptoms
Symptoms of CNH have been observed to vary according to the progression of CNH. The initial symptoms of CNH include a low arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide, a high or normal arterial partial pressure of oxygen, high arterial pH, and tachypnea. The partial pressure of carbon dioxide has been noted by Yushi et al. to drop as low as 6.7 mmHg, while oxygen saturation remains at 99-100%. Respiratory alkalosis is induced in people affected by CNH, which stimulates the hyperpnea to attempt to compensate the rise of the blood's pH. Some of the reported cases of CNH claim alkaline cerebral spinal fluid (CSF). However, not all of the cases experience this effect and other cases of CNH have a local increase in the pH surrounding the tumor that causes the condition. The hyperventilation of CNH patients persists during sleep. Those affected have been observed to not be able to voluntarily control their breathing in order to slow it down and the hyperventilation is predominantly controlled by the diaphragm.

CNH has been found to affect people of all ages, ranging from children at the age of seven to adults at the age of eighty-seven. It has affected people while they have been both conscious and unconscious. After Plum and Swanson's initial discovery of CNH it was thought that CNH was rare in conscious patients. More cases of CNH have been observed in conscious patients since then. Additional symptoms of conscious CNH include loss of appetite, difficulty concentrating, poor memory, difficulties in eating or talking, cachexia, vomiting, disorientation, and a generalized confused state that varies from patient to patient. It is generally seen, however, that the mood changes, anxiety, and difficulty concentrating progress as the tumor increases in severity and, in effect, CNH persists. All of these symptoms are not present in each reported case of CNH, and symptoms seem to vary on a case to case basis. Other symptoms that have been associated with CNH are transient epileptic episodes with a temporary loss of consciousness. This condition is thought to result from severe hypocapnia that induces blood vessels in the brain to constrict, leading to brain ischemia. Other symptoms caused by CNH are electrolyte dysequilibrium and mood changes that primarily include anxiety due to the hyperventilation.

Once CNH is diagnosed, the condition generally progresses until the patient becomes unconscious or lapses into a coma. Most patients are seen to enter this state two to three months after the onset of CNH. Lange et al. cited a patient that experienced pulmonary edema, bronchitis, and pneumonia prior to death, though all reported cases of CNH describe various progressions of the condition until it worsens to the point of death.

Associations with Body Systems
CNH is most commonly associated with the central nervous system, and the majority of CNH cases have been associated with infiltrative tumors in the pons. Some cases involve the medulla and other regions of the brain. Primarily, researchers believe that the tumors infiltrate the pontine respiratory centers and central chemoreceptors. CNH has not been found to be associated with any other of the body's systems. Cardiac, pulmonary, and metabolic disorders have been ruled out as causes of the hyperventilation. Tests such as electrocardiograms, echocardiograms, torso computed tomographic scans, and chest radiographs have revealed that the pulmonary and cardiac systems of CNH are normal. Liver and kidney functions are also normal. Lymph node and thyroid enlargement also have not been detected. Association with the cardiovascular system is seen when the brain tumors reach the medullary cardiovascular centers, at which point the patient usually succumbs to death.

Causes
Determining the exact cause of CNH has proven to be difficult, specifically because only 21 additional cases have been reported since Plum and Swanson's initial report of the condition in 1959. These subsequent reports deal only with conscious patients presenting with CNH, though the varied pathophysiologies present in each individual patient makes it nearly impossible to implicate either a particular structural lesion or the destruction of a specific locus as the sole cause of CNH. Compilations of the reports, however, have led to generalized conclusions about the primary role of structural lesions in the initiation of both juvenile and adult cases of CNH.

Tumor-Induced CNH in Adults
The majority of adult patients experiencing CNH have clinical histories of infiltrative, expanding tumors of the cortex, primarily involving the brainstem. Over three-quarters of the cases reported since the discovery of CNH by Plum and Swanson had tumors clearly involving the pons, with specific consideration given to pathology of the pontine tegmentum. CNH was also reported in patients with tumors affecting the medulla oblongata.

Though a diagnosis of CNH is rarely considered without evidence of brainstem infiltration, there have been other reported cases of CNH not directly involving the pons or medulla. CNH was also reported in cases involving a frontal lobe tumor, an invasive laryngeal carcinoma compressing the midbrain, an extension of tumors of the head and neck into the base of the brain, and thalamic hemorrhage. The manifestation of CNH in patients with these non-brainstem related disorders leads to greater debate about the pathophysiology of CNH and the role of other parts of the brain in the regulation of respiration. At this time, there have been no reported cases of CNH associated with stroke.

In each case, the nature of the tumor varied, though the two main categories of tumor were classified as either cerebral lymphomas or solid tumors, such as pontine gliomas, anaplastic medulloblastoma, or astrocytomas.

Particular attention is given to the high incidence of cerebral lymphomas associated with adult CNH. Intracerebral B-cell lymphoma represents less than 1% of all primary malignant tumors of the central nervous system. Infiltration of lymphoma cells into the pons and medulla is the most frequently reported cause of CNH, accounting for half of all CNH-inducing brain tumors, despite its considerable rarity. It has been suggested that these lymphomas are capable of diffusely penetrating the midbrain, without significantly destructing the overall structures.

Tumor-Induced CNH in Children
CNH in children is considerably less common, and only five of the twenty one cases have been documented in children aged 11 and younger. The primary difference between juvenile and adult cases of CNH is the structural identity of the tumors leading to CNH symptoms. Four of the five cases of CNH involving children were associated with solid infiltrative gliomas on the brainstem, while only one case was associated with an apparent lymphoma referred to as microgliomatosis.

Non-tumor Induced CNH
There have been only a few reported cases of non-tumor induced CNH, most of which have been successfully treated. Recently, the anticonvulsant drug Topiramate induced temporary CNH in patients, which abated after drug use was terminated. Additionally, there has been one reported case of CNH in a patient who has multiple sclerosis with brainstem lesions. The CNH was considered reversible and was successfully treated with high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone and plasma exchange.

Pathophysiology
Although CNH is typically characterized by the presence of lesions in the brainstem region, the mechanism by which these lesions create uninhibited stimulation of the expiratory and inhalatory centers is still poorly understood. These lesions typically arise after cancerous cells from another location of the body metastasize and move to the brain. The mechanism by which CNH was originally thought to occur involved the separation of the pontine and medullary respiratory centers by infiltrative tumors. Animal models mimicking this separation, however, do not exhibit CNH. A secondary postulated mechanism by which CNH may function is that the lesions produce lactate which consequently serves as a stimulator for the chemoreceptors of the medullary region of the brainstem. Previous studies of CNH patients have verified the presence of lactic acid in cerebral spinal fluid.

Diagnosis
For the clinical diagnosis of CNH, it is essential that the symptoms, particularly respiratory alkalosis, persist while the patient is both awake and asleep. The presence of hyperventilation during sleep excludes any possible emotional or psychogenic causes for the sustained hyperventilation. There must also be no evidence of drug or metabolic causes, including cardiac or pulmonary disease, or recent or current use of respiration-stimulating drugs. While a positive diagnosis of CNH in adult cases should be reserved only until all other possible causes of tachypnea have been eliminated, CNH should be suspected in any alert child presenting with unexplained hyperventilation and hypocarbia leading to respiratory alkalosis. Once CNH is determined to be a possible cause of hyperventilation, lesions and their location in the brain are verified using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Treatment
There is no accepted current course of treatment for CNH. Patients are usually supported by mechanical ventilation and managed with paralytic agents to control breathing rate until a more specific treatment plan can be developed. Morphine is used as the most common treatment, specifically for its ability to depress respiratory rate by reducing tidal volume to added carbon dioxide. However, morphine has only been found to be effective in reducing CNH in select cases. Successful documentation of CNH treatment typically involves the surgical removal of the lesions, or the use of brain irradiation or chemotherapy with corticosteroids to reduce the size of lesions in the affected area of the brain. In cases where CNH presents in children, whose conditions are typically characterized by more solid tumors, aggressive surgical and chemotherapeutic methods are highly recommended.

If treatment of the lesions is ineffective, studies have shown that intravenous fentanyl, a slow-acting narcotic, or a fentanyl patch can be used to slow respiration. In patch form, fentanyl is a good alternative to morphine therapy for its high lipid solubility and ability to be worn on the body. Narcotic treatment is largely temporary and high morbidity rates in adults and children are typically cited where lesions are not effectively treated or removed.

Prognosis
The onset of CNH in all patients regardless of age can be a precursor to ensuing deterioration in patients with infiltrative tumors of the brainstem and medulla. These patients experience prolonged series of CNH before succumbing to the associated deterioration of medullary cardiovascular center, which ultimately results in death. In addition to clinical consequences of a positive CNH diagnosis, sustained hyperventilation also has a marked effect on daily life activities, and may significantly impede a patient's ability to eat or talk. The persistent hypocarbia, alkalotic pH, and resultant electrolyte disequilibrium may also alter a patient's mood or mental state. Patients presenting with CNH are often described as inattentive and anxious.

History
Central neurogenic hyperventilation (CNH) is an extremely rare neurological disorder that was initially reported by Fred Plum, MD and August G. Swanson, MD, in 1959. Plum and Swanson described the symptoms of nine comatose patients, defining CNH as a syndrome consisting primarily of elevated arterial oxygen tension, decreased arterial carbon dioxide tension, and progressive tachypnea.

Postmortem examination of the nine patients' brains reported by Plum and Swanson, revealed necrosis of the central pons in five of the nine patients, and indirect compression of the pons in one additional patient. Their initial findings suggested that lesions in the medial pontine tegmentum leads to a disruption of cortical inhibitory effects of medullar respiratory center. Plum and Swanson suggested that failure to inhibit the activity of this particular region of the brain results in continuous stimulation of the respiratory center by the lateral pontile reticular formulation and laterally located descending neural pathway. The destruction of this required negative feedback mechanism causes the uncontrollable hyperventilation associated with CNH.

Additional Findings
Subsequent findings revealed CNH can also occur in conscious patients. Patients with tumor-induced CNH remain conscious because the reticular activating system of the brain is not affected by the tumor in the early stages of the condition. The condition is considered extremely uncommon, and only 21 additional cases of tumor-inducing CNH were reported up until 2005. Only five of these cases were reported in children. The causes associated with conscious CNH are more varied than originally predicted by Plum and Swanson's study of comatose patients, although the most commonly reported causes of CNH involve infiltrative gliomas and lymphomas of the brainstem and pons.

Although the majority of CNH-inducing tumors are located in close proximity to other medullary homeostatic centers, the physiological changes associated with CNH are restricted to alterations in the control of breathing. Most patients present with normal readings for heart rate and blood pressure, even in the case of severe alkalosis caused by CNH, which indicates that the respiratory center affected by CNH is more sensitive to compression than other areas of the brain.

Research
Current mechanisms by which CNH functions still remain poorly developed. In addition, a standard form of treatment has not been established to treat CNH. These characteristics make CNH an important condition that still needs to be investigated in adults and children, though the extreme rarity of the condition makes it difficult for research to successfully examine clinical cases.

title: Central neurogenic hyperventilation


text:
Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/Autofellatio

Autofellatio
Image:Autofellatio 2.jpg

I don't want to hear anybody claim this nomination is in bad faith, a joke, or to prove a point. You may not like it, but I sincerely believe this photo represents the very best this project has to offer. I stand by that comment in total seriousness, and would say so anywhere -- the Pump, ArbCom, public square, or the sidewalk in front of my home.

I won't attempt to summarize the tremendous outpouring of support this photo has gathered; I refer interested parties to the many testaments given each time the narrow-minded nominate it for deletion. (See: here, here, and here.)

This photo is linked from Autofellatio, and was produced by Hornyboy.com / RudeBox Media, Inc.

Please note that all copyright issues have been resolved; this photo is licensed on a basis even less restrictive than GFDL. It is definitely not a copyvio or fair use.

Wikipedia is not a gay porno site, but then, this is not gay porno; and Wikipedia may be the only place where a person seriously interested in the topic might ever get this education outside of a gay porno site or a smelly corner of the "other" kind of bookstore. We are here to educate and inform, and our ability to do this without fear or bigotry is our finest quality. Perhaps no other photo we have is as deserving of the honor of FP.

 * Nominate and support. — Xiong 熊 talk * 07:21, 2005 August 18 (UTC)
 * Support. Excellent image, clearly illustrates the article.  Zoe 07:36, August 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support --SPUI (talk) 14:58, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose -- I found the black lines of the chair somewhat distracting in the composition; had to look several times to determine that they weren't attached to the person. Smerdis of Tlön 15:34, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree with you, and I'm glad someone shares my opinion. Ask, and it shall be done. — Xiong 熊 talk * 06:30, 2005 August 23 (UTC)

 * Oppose. This photo is gay porn, and while it's informative and encyclopedic, that doesn't make it not prurient. Wikipedia is not censored, but that doesn't mean Wikipedia lacks propriety and decorum. Making this image a featured picture will display it to many people who would choose not to view it—it's simply a matter of common courtesy not to flaunt this picture by prominently displaying it. Furthermore, despite the poster's claims to the contrary, this nomination is transparently a bad faith nomination—the user who nominated it and those who support it should be ashamed of themselves for the ignominy that they would bring upon Wikipedia. Nohat 17:40, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: While this image is probably pornographic, I'd have to disagree about it being called gay. Homosexuality is the sexual attraction of someone to people of their own gender, to which the act of autofellatio has absolutely no bearing. - Mgm|(talk) 10:02, August 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * This comment is so ridiculous that it's hardly worth responding. But I respond anyway because I want to be clear that I think it's a stupid comment, lest anyone think I tacitly acknowledge the claim made here. Nohat 05:38, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Image cannot be displayed inline; thus there is no point adding it to the FP gallery. —Cryptic (talk) 18:05, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * What do you mean, Can't be displayed inline? It certainly can, if the censors wouldn't keep deleting it.  Zoe 19:43, August 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * It's on the bad image list.  shows up as . —Cryptic (talk) 20:12, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, that page seems to be Tim Starling's personal opinion, it certainly isn't policy. Zoe 20:34, August 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Images that have been subject to several VFDs and cause division and anger in the community, and which are specifically prevented from being directly shown are clearly not suitable for becoming featured. In my opinion, any reasonable person would understand that nominating this image for featured would be controversial and divisive, so either the nominator is not a reasonable person, or specifically intends to cause controversy and division. Worldtraveller 21:40, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose - i'd rather vote for the girls whose breasts were posted the other month. -- ZeWrestler  Talk 23:51, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Support - that's a really great photo. It clearly demonstrates what's to be demonstrated, without being any more obscene that necessary, and it's probably the only free-as-in-speech photograph of autofellatio. It is not a pornography of any kind. Taw 02:28, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * If you want to get technical, the image is pornography. HornyBoy.com, the source of the image, is a porn site.  You might claim that pornography is defined by intention and setting, and I would agree with you that as used on Wikipedia it is not porn.  But the photo itself is porn, at least in its native setting. LizardWizard 04:26, August 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. In bad faith, a joke, WP:POINT, and I don't like it. -- Curps 03:12, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Did you intentionally call it everything that Xiong said it wasn't? Please, either assume good faith or accept good faith when it is openly declared.  Furthermore, jokes and WP:POINT are not very compatible - please explain how this nomination both is a joke and disrupts Wikipedia to make a point, or withdraw one of those objections. LizardWizard 04:26, August 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes I intentionally called it everything Xiong said not to call it. -- Curps 04:44, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. One of Wikipedia's greatest assets is that it isn't censored.  Where else can a curious person turn for information and images of autofellatio?  It's easy to find a picture of The Blue Marble or Lake Tanganyika, and harder than you'd think to find such a clear informative shot of autofellatio.  We should show off what makes Wikipedia special, not what makes it exactly equal to National Geographic. LizardWizard 04:26, August 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. This nomination is making a WP:POINT; it's a point I don't really disagree with, but it's disruptive to make that point in this way nonetheless.--Pharos 04:38, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose, might as well put it now since no one else is abiding by the "wait two days guideline", and with good reason, of course. Phoenix2 04:55, August 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't see what the problem is here. Wikipedians don't seem to be worried about having an article on autofellatio. The image adds significantly to the article by clearly illustrating the act. Isn't that the main criteria by which featured pictures are supposed to be judged? It doesn't seem that way here, because many of the votes above seem to be based on nothing more but the voter's personal distaste for the image. Also, what happened to the mandatory two day wait before voting? These premature votes will probably have to be disregarded. (Donovan|Geocachernemesis|Interact) 05:26, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. A fake. Clearly Photoshopped and the chair arm doesn't line up properly. Oh, and grossly offensive to many of our readers. Clair de Lune 07:54, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Can I ask how you're so certain it's fake? The chair arm looks fine to me. LizardWizard
 * It's clearly been photoshopped. Blow it up and you'll see that there's no gradient where the guy is bent over. His right arm throws a shadow but his chest doesn't, and the join is light but no shadows the other way. The chair arm at top slopes slightly upward or to the left (because it's a 2D image you can't say for sure which) but the bottom art of the arm slopes both to the right and downward. Look closely at his left arm. It should be almost in the same scale as his leg (just as his right arm is). But if it is, he must only lift weights with his right arm, because the left is very thin in comparison. I have my doubts it could meet his shoulders too. Among other things, I find these suspicious. Clair de Lune 05:54, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Oppose. There's nothing beautiful or striking about it, and it's only marginally informative. Despite Xiong's disclaimer, I can't see this as anything other than disruption. — Dan | Talk 16:22, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose like it or not, if it can't be displayed inline it's useless for FP. Also the image isn't particularly well lighted IMHO (although some phtososhopping could fix that. What is the black part on the upper left?). This link is Broken 12:57, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. I'm quite happy with its inclusion in the project, but that doesn't mean I think it's a shining example of our image collection, which it really isn't. Oh and I think there might be some WP:POINT pushing for this conveniently-timed nomination too. ;) GarrettTalk 14:21, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Support, illustrates autofellatio well, and by my reading of the definition that should be sufficient. Damn. I was planning to do this next April Fools' Day, if the image is still around then. N (t/c) 14:35, 20 August 2005 (UTC) Oppose as per Phoenix2.  N (t/c) 13:16, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. No, no, definitely not. It clearly illustrates the article, but isn't Wikipedia meant to have a certain amount of decorum as said above by Nohat--May the Force be with you! Shreshth91  ($ |-| r 3 $ |-| t |-|)  17:05, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. It's informative and accurate. Good enough for me! There are equally "pornographic" images stored on Wikipedia without contest. --Jacj 20:45, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * That, actually, has nothing to do with why people, including me, are voting oppose. As is clearly evident, not too many folks are complaining about pornographic content being on Wikipedia, since it has already been established that Wikipedia isn't censored, and rightfully so.

 * Concerning this pretentious image, allow me to momentarily refer to the criteria for featured pictures: the picture must add significantly to its article. Yes, it can be argued that this picture indeed does so, but if this is the only criterion considered, then there are many more featured pictures on this Wiki than have been presented on this page, or ever will be.  One must also taken into consideration if the image is striking, beautiful, serene, or whatever it may be. Ignoring the fact that this image, no matter how good the photography, may never be beautiful, serene, or heartwarming, It is simply not featured material when compared to images like Chestnuts, or any other featured picture for that matter that do actually look nice.

 * Consider for a moment that this man was just sitting in the chair doing nothing. We would not then say that  the picture significantly added to Chair, there would merely be a lot of comments stating that the photo is nothing special.  Just because it is pornography, It shouldn't be judged differently than the pictures below, and by that I mean people should not basically disregard the fact that the image actually has to be good. All I'm saying is that the topic of the image should not affect the balance of how you vote on a photo: both criteria should be looked at equally, and that is obviously not the case here. Phoenix2 00:05, August 21, 2005 (UTC)

 * Support - Weakly, because there is potentially some WP:POINT, it's on its third VfD. But, I think that it's a mistake to support only those images that are beautiful, serene, or heartwarming, otherwise, we will only ever feature pictures of animals.;) Wikimedia Commons already exists for images like that. I was under the impression that for pictures to be featured here, they also had to add significantly to the article that they appeared in. So, in that way, I think the picture has merit, even if not technically perfect. Perhaps we shouldn't get so hung up on the technicalities, and consider more images if its type. I think that arguing that the current image can't be displayed inline is a a bit of a red herring, because that can easily be changed. (Donovan|Geocachernemesis|Interact) 02:35, 21 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Oppose. Weakly. You make a good point Pharos, this particular image probably wouldn't be one of Wikipedia's finest, but I still don't accept that this kind of image should be excluded from being a FP. Modesty and discretion are so culturally loaded and POV. (Donovan|Geocachernemesis|Interact) 06:52, 21 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Please look over WP:FP. There is a huge line between "it's crazy to censor this image on Wikipedia" and "this is one of Wikipedia's absolute finest pictures".  There is hardly any requirement that FPs be "heartwarming", but they should be visually exceptional; I should hope Image:1936NurembergRally.jpg wasn't selected for its "heartwarmingness".--Pharos 02:59, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Pharos has done well, but be advised that I don't think that an image has to be heartwarming to be featured, I just said that it might be taken into consideration, or in other words, it helps an iamge if it is actually visually appealing. Also, if one looks at the current featured pictures, you will see that a majority are not of animals. The whole point of my post was that "A picture should add significantly to its article" is not the only criterion for photos, as stated above. Phoenix2 05:26, August 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose I voted to keep the photo on Wikipedia, but IMHO, it's not worthy of being a Featured Picture. --Barista | a/k/a マイケル | T/C 04:31, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. I really don't like it. On a more objective measure, it's of little informative value and doesn't quite make anyone looking at it to find out more about the subject. Enochlau 06:07, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. If it is real, it is a vanishingly rare ability at best. Most humans don't bend that way (pardon the pun). Modesty and discretion aren't necessarily equivalent to fear or bigotry. Fire Star 06:19, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. The bend in the subjects torso makes it impossible to determine with certainty that it is not two individuals. Hipocrite 22:49, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose, like featured articles, featured images should be uncontroversial. If this ever gets featured status, it should not be used as pic of the day, as many users, including myself, would not want it included on their userpage like the other featured images even if they approve of its existence in Wikipedia. - Mgm|(talk) 10:02, August 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * I can't let that statement stand. FA and FP should indeed sometimes be controversial. If Wikipedia is the Free Encyclopedia of Uncontrovery Only, I'm outta here -- and taking a good fraction of the Community with me, too. — Xiong 熊 talk * 04:04, 2005 August 23 (UTC)
 * Wikipedia certainly needs fewer people who actively try to stir up controversy, so goodbye then. Don't let the door hit you in the ass on the way out. Nohat 05:41, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * You do me too much honor, Sir. I cannot possibly take credit, unearned, for the resolution of the community in support of the subject against the forces that would reduce us to some miserable grade-school primer. I am only too proud to have defined my position, but this controversy is simply not mine alone. — Xiong 熊 talk * 06:14, 2005 August 23 (UTC)

Support - 7 Oppose - 26 thus far. Phoenix2 04:23, August 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose, only in fear that it might actually end up on the frontpage. Had a good laugh with the nomination, though.  -- tomf688  03:53, August 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * oppose because somebody's going to get inspired and try it and end up with thousands of dollars of chiropracter bills and sue wikipedia. Gzuckier 16:19, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. due to front page. --  user:zanimum
 * FPs don't have to be POTDs, do they? N (t/c) 01:57, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Are you sure is not a fake ? IMO it's a gay 69... Ericd 22:33, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * We've been over this before: Talk:Autofellatio N (t/c) 01:15, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I thought it would be a picture of a guy sucking a car's exhaust pipe. Gzuckier 01:50, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Did you see how you were framing back there? Subject matter or no, the arrangement of this photo makes it informative, but not beautiful.  The lighting is also particularly un-striking, or whatever the antonym for striking is.  --  Elfer
 * Oppose. Sorry, but this is a joke, and a violation of WP:POINT. Isn't it ironic that this image is also on WP:VFD? Andrew pmk 03:50, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Would make a wonderful addition to the FP gallery.   —RaD Man (talk) 07:46, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * [[Image:Symbol oppose vote.svg|15px]] Oppose I haven't even looked at the photo as the subject is so repulsive. There is no way such an image can be one of the best wikipedia has to offer. It's unthinkable what it would do to wikipedia's reputation if it ever made it to the main page. --Fir0002 08:06, August 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * It never would. FPs don't have to be POTDs. But it's just not FP-worthy anyway. N (t/c) 13:28, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Nick is right. Although I believe that pictures with such content should be eligible for FP, I don't really think that this picture exhibits a high enough degree of skill in photography or other elements which would make it a decent FP candidate.  It seems the person who nominated it only nominated it to prove the point that wikipedia is an uncensored source of information.  Unfortunately, he didn't select a picture which was actually good enough to become an FP.  Anyway, what I was going to say was that although you would probably oppose the picture if you took an objective analysis of the photo itself, you still shouldn't vote on a photo you haven't even seen.
 * Oppose. I agree totally with the other objections above. While I appreciate the openness of Wikipedia, there are some standards we need to maintain. --ScottyBoy900Q ∞  14:17, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose As far as I can see, the only reason this is being considered is its controversy. The image just doesn't have any of the technical and aesthetic excellence I look for in a FP. ~ Veledan • Talk + new 11:46, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Support for two reasons: It shows that it is possible to suck your own dick, and Wikipedia is not censored for the protection of minors.
 * Why are we even having this vote? Oppose. Linuxbeak | Talk | Desk 17:10, August 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose Many people who support this say it "illustrates the article" -- yes, it does, but that's not necessary, what can possibly be ambiguous about "the act of oral stimulation of one's own penis"? Would a photo of someone eating fecies be necessary to illustrate coprophagia, by the same logic? I don't think it's necessary, and, as long as people are allowed to have opinions, I will say I personally find it offending. It's just another opinion, equal to the one stating that it's not offending, or that it's beautiful, or whatever else -- feel free call me narrow-minded if you need to call me something for speaking my mind. --Gutza 19:01, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * ( − ) ( − ) Strong Oppose. Any picture that is divisive enough to cause three IFDs, a 224 KB long VfD, several WikiFactions to form, and to put it simply, a total fragmentation of the Wikipedia community should never be a FP. Even though I'm assuming good faith, I move for speedy delisting of this nomination, as it is incredibly disruptive. --Tito xd 23:03, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose 'nuff said. --Janke | Talk 06:05:12, 2005-08-31 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Any nomination which starts by denying that it is in bad faith, a joke, or to prove a point has a high chance of being so.  This one is. --Audiovideo 21:46, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

Jtkiefer T - 03:07, September 2, 2005 (UTC)


text:
User:Buddhawelt

Thanks for your contribution to the Tibetan art article. Unfortunately it looks like you've used some copyrighted material without re-writing the content in your own words. See my comments on the Talk:Tibetan art page. Thank you for adding the new information, I think it adds a lot, but it needs to be re-written in your own words. technopilgrim 07:23, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User:Buddhawelt