text:
User talk:Jon Seitz

Welcome to Wikipedia!
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia!

Here are some tips:
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If you feel a change is needed, feel free to make it yourself! Wikipedia is a wiki, so anyone (yourself included) can edit any article by following the  link. Wikipedia convention is to be bold and not be afraid of making mistakes. If you're not sure how editing works, have a look at How to edit a page, or try out the Sandbox to test your editing skills.

If, for some reason, you are unable to fix a problem yourself, feel free to ask someone else to do it. Wikipedia has a vibrant community of contributors who have a wide range of skills and specialties, and many of them would be glad to help. As well as the wiki community pages there are IRC Channels, where you are more than welcome to ask for assistance.

If you have any questions, feel free to ask me on my talk page. Thanks and happy editing, Alphax τεχ 04:27, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

Wikinews
Hi Jon, welcome to Wikipedia. I saw on the new users page that you are studying journalism at BU. I'd like to call your attention to one of Wikipedia's sister projects, Wikinews, in case you're not already aware of it. You may want to contribute to it as well. Good to have you on Wikipedia, and once again, welcome! --DavidConrad 01:46, 4 September 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jon Seitz


text:
User talk:Editdroid

Hello, thanks for visiting.

Editdroid

Bernard Barker talk
Well, fantastic may have been a bit optimistic, but since I'm dealing with people and their egos here, I typically, and perhaps unwisely, often preface criticism with unbridled praise-- guess I just want to be loved too much. I pretty much agree that the Bernard_barker article could stand some under-the-hood time. I will try to make some time for it as well, but I am trying to clean up several other Watergate-related articles. Let me know if you happen across any of my edits, which you think need a closer look. All the best! Ukulele 05:13, 25 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Thanks for your comment. No offense meant by my comment on your comment on the Bernard Barker article. I am the worlds greatest fan of anyone who is contributes to the Watergate culture on Wikipedia. Look forward to crossing paths again. Editdroid 03:31, 6 August 2007 (UTC)

Merger discussion for Rubicon
An article that you have been involved in editing— Rubicon —has been proposed for merging with Crossing the Rubicon. If you are interested, please participate in the merger discussion. Thank you. IgnatiusofLondon (talk) 22:45, 30 January 2024 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Editdroid


text:
User talk:Kawphy

Welcome to Wikipedia!
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia!

Here are some tips:
 * Take a look at the Simplified Ruleset.
 * Read the Tutorial, How to edit a page and the Manual of Style.
 * Find out how to revert, move and merge pages.
 * Sign your posts on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~).
 * Add yourself to the New user log and a regional notice board
 * Ask questions at the Village pump or Help desk.
 * Use the Show preview button
 * Provide an Edit summary
 * Add the correct image copyright tag to any images you upload
 * Create a User page
 * Be bold
 * Ignore all rules

If you feel a change is needed, feel free to make it yourself! Wikipedia is a wiki, so anyone (yourself included) can edit any article by following the  link. Wikipedia convention is to be bold and not be afraid of making mistakes. If you're not sure how editing works, have a look at How to edit a page, or try out the Sandbox to test your editing skills.

If, for some reason, you are unable to fix a problem yourself, feel free to ask someone else to do it. Wikipedia has a vibrant community of contributors who have a wide range of skills and specialties, and many of them would be glad to help. As well as the wiki community pages there are IRC Channels, where you are more than welcome to ask for assistance.

If you have any questions, feel free to ask me on my talk page. Thanks and happy editing, Alphax τεχ 04:27, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Kawphy


text:
Dirty Jobs

Dirty Jobs is an American television series that originally aired on the Discovery Channel in which host Mike Rowe is shown performing difficult, strange, disgusting, or messy occupational duties alongside the job's current employees. The show, produced by Pilgrim Films & Television, premiered with three pilot episodes in November 2003. It returned as a series on July 26, 2005, running for eight seasons until September 12, 2012. The show's setting was refocused in Australia for the final season, called Dirty Jobs Down Under. A spinoff miniseries titled Dirty Jobs: Rowe'd Trip premiered on July 7, 2020. The original series returned on January 2, 2022.

There is also a European edition of the show hosted by former Manchester United and Denmark goalkeeper Peter Schmeichel.

The series was nominated for five Primetime Emmys: 3 for Outstanding Reality Program, which Rowe was nominated for as a producer, and two for Cinematography.

Format
In each episode, a worker or team of workers takes on Rowe as a fully involved assistant for a typical work day, working hard to complete every task as best he can despite discomfort, hazards, or repulsive situations. The Dirty Jobs crew often gets just as dirty as Rowe does.

Rowe engages in frequent self-deprecating humor, making what he calls "dirty jokes", but rarely makes more than the occasional playful jab at the workers, themselves. Nearly every job is even more difficult than he had expected, and this often has him expressing admiration and respect for the workers' skills and their willingness to take on jobs that most people avoid.

History
The show is a spin-off of a segment host Mike Rowe once did on a local San Francisco show called Evening Magazine. The segment was called Somebody's Gotta Do It. After completing a graphic piece on cow artificial insemination, Rowe was inundated with letters expressing "shock, horror, fascination, disbelief, and wonder". Rowe sent the tape to numerous networks, including Comedy Central, who replied saying "At this time, our fall schedule does not allow for a talk show that takes place inside a septic tank." Ultimately Rowe also sent the tape to the Discovery Channel, which commissioned a series based on this format. Dirty Jobs was produced by Craig Piligian (executive producer) of Pilgrim Films & Television. The Discovery Channel executive producer was Gena McCarthy.

Somebody's Gotta Do It
On May 6, 2013, Rowe posted on Facebook that he was open to creating a new show that is similar to Dirty Jobs using Somebody's Gotta Do It, the title of the original segment that had inspired Dirty Jobs. Rowe said that if half the people on his Facebook fan page said "Hey, Mike, here's 10 bucks for jet fuel and basic production costs," he'd "put the band back together and start shooting Somebody's Gotta Do It tomorrow." On April 10, 2014, Rowe announced on his Facebook page that CNN had decided to air the show.

Revival and Rowe'd Trip
On August 12, 2018, Rowe posted on Facebook that "the idea is being floated around" to reboot Dirty Jobs on the Discovery Channel. On November 3, 2019, Rowe wrote that "there's been a lot of chatter about a reboot, and I’m open to it. So too, is (producer Dave) Barsky. Stay tuned…"

On June 23, 2020, it was announced that a spin-off titled Dirty Jobs: Rowe'd Trip had finished filming and would premiere on July 7, 2020. Rowe mentioned that the spin-off happened because the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted plans to film episodes in the original Dirty Jobs format.

On November 15, 2021, Discovery, Inc. announced that Dirty Jobs would return, again with Rowe as host. The premiere of the revived series aired on Discovery and Discovery+ on January 2, 2022.

Episodes
In July 2006, the show aired two special episodes to kick off and wrap up Discovery's annual Shark Week, of which Rowe was the host. The episodes featured him in a number of jobs related to the animals, some as outlandish as shark repellent tester and shark suit tester, both of which necessitated his jumping into a shark feeding frenzy. As a pun on Discovery Channel's "Shark Week" theme, the two episodes were named "Jobs That Bite" and "Jobs That Bite... Harder" for the opening and closing hours respectively.

In late August 2006, the show reached a milestone with Rowe's 100th dirty job. This was commemorated with a special two-hour episode which mainly showed Rowe's day with the U.S. Army's 187th Ordnance Battalion at Fort Jackson, and included bloopers plus an "about me" segment of Rowe's crew. At the end of the episode, Rowe and Dave Barsky had a guitar/banjo duet and performed a song about the 100 dirty jobs. A 2-hour 150th job special aired in early December 2007, which combined footage of Rowe's 150th job (working on a yak and bison farm in Montana) with footage of a party held at a San Francisco garbage dump where people featured in past Dirty Jobs segments were reunited with Rowe. In 2009, the show returned for a fifth season, with Rowe commenting in promotional spots, "After 200 dirty jobs, I'm back for more."

It was renewed for a seventh season, which Rowe described as including "a broader geographical palate."

An eighth season, marketed as Dirty Jobs Down Under, premiered on August 22, 2012. There were only four episodes filmed for season eight.

As a result of being featured in the season 1 episode "Vexcon", exterminator Billy Bretherton later starred in his own series on A&E, Billy the Exterminator.

Submissions
Each episode ends with a segment, usually shot at a previous dirty job, where Rowe tells the viewers that the show's continued existence depends on viewer submissions of suggestions for additional dirty jobs, and instructs them to go to the show's website for details on how to submit ideas (this segment is, however, usually edited out of the Canadian broadcasts of the series on Discovery Channel Canada). Rowe has often noted on-screen and off-screen that without viewer contributions, the show would be lost; Rowe originally concocted a list of a dozen jobs that could be featured in the three episodes that served as the show's pilot, and within days after the first episode aired, viewers flooded Discovery Channel with e-mail and video featuring their own dirty jobs, a tradition that has kept the show going ever since. As Rowe explained to Craig Ferguson on an episode of The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson in July 2007 about his original cache of jobs for the pilots, "I haven't had an original idea since then".

Unaired segments
According to roadkill taxidermy artist Stephen Paternite, Dirty Jobs filmed a segment featuring him in 2003, which was ultimately cut by the Discovery Channel as "too gross". The segment follows Rowe and Paternite as they gather and skin dead raccoons, which Paternite will eventually turn into art pieces. The segment is available to view on Paternite's website, and on YouTube, under the name "Too Gross for Discovery". In an interview on The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson, Rowe also mentioned that there were several segments which they have chosen not to air because they were too disturbing, including a "body farm" for the study of decomposition. Even aired segments can be heavily edited, such as the "skull cleaner" segment, the final aired version of which Rowe has likened to "The Sound of Music with the songs edited out" because parts of it were deemed too graphic for television.

There is also an episode produced in 2006 where in Rowe visited his doctor while producers Piligian and Eddie Barbini try two dirty jobs themselves. The episode, entitled "Mike's Day Off", was never aired in the United States for that season; it was only available as a DVD-exclusive episode (bundled with the episode "Skull Cleaner") and a downloadable episode in iTunes. The episode has been aired in some local Discovery Channel feeds such as those of Southeast Asia and Australia, as well as on Discovery Channel Canada before finally being aired in the United States on March 3, 2009. Various episodes air in certain countries with different scenes.

Music
The show's theme song was originally Faith No More's "We Care A Lot" which features the lyric "Oh, it's a dirty job but someone's gotta do it". At some point in every episode, a screen with the Dirty Jobs logo pops up before a commercial then a part of the song "Get On Out In Here" by Matt Koskenmaki plays. In the first half of 2007, "We Care A Lot" was replaced with "Pop Rock Theme" by Matt Koskenmaki (who also did the other music cues for the show), due to rights issues; older episodes aired at the time had their introductions reedited. Rowe has said "Bottom line, the rights to 'We Care a Lot' were either not renewed on time, or not properly acquired in the first place". Although the network has not issued any statement clarifying the situation, "We Care A Lot" returned as the show's theme song beginning with the June 26, 2007 episode and has been retained on subsequent DVD releases of earlier episodes.

Season 2 commercials for the show feature the song "Dirty White Boy" by Foreigner. Season 3 commercials feature Rowe sharing the stage with a pig positioned on a rounded white pedestal, with nondescript formal-sounding light instrumental music in the background.

Rowe often sings on-camera during the segments as part of a sardonic hat-tip to his days as an opera singer. During the candy making segment in episode 34 ("Fuel Tank Cleaner"), Rowe discovers that one of the candy makers makes a confection called "opera fudge" and ask if she sings opera during the making of opera fudge, then belts out a segment of "Vecchia zimarra" from Puccini's La Bohéme. During the cow pots segment of episode 47 ("Poo Pot Maker"), Rowe imitates the singing gondoliers of Venice while paddling around the liquid holding lagoon on the Freund farm: "'O Sole Mio/Don't know the words/I've paddled for hours/In ponds of turds..." In a 2007 episode set at Prince George's Stadium with Rowe spending the day doing the "dirty jobs" associated with groundskeeping and dugout maintenance for the Bowie Baysox minor league baseball team in Bowie, Maryland, Rowe ended the segment singing the National Anthem prior to the game and throwing out the first pitch.

When Rowe reads the last piece of viewer mail in the viewer's choice episode, he was asked if he could sing the Dirty Jobs Theme Song because his online bio says that he used to be an opera singer. So he explained that one night, as they sat on "Foley" Creek (actually "Folly" Creek, but he has a tendency to pronounce it incorrectly), after a night of oysters and drinking (likely during the Oyster Harvester segment of the shrimper episode), he, Juke Joint Johnny and Sam (likely Silky Sam) jotted down some lyrics and the "official, unofficial Dirty Jobs Theme Song" was born. This shortest version of the song clocked in at just under a minute in length, and it varies a bit from later versions, but it is fun in that it was less planned than the later ones.

At the end of the pipe organ specialist segment of the geoduck farmer episode, Rowe sang what he called the Dirty Jobs Anthem. Rowe reprised this moment in the "Leather Tanner" episode from the third season on an antique piano at the tannery.

At the conclusion of a two-hour special edition commemorating Rowe's 100th dirty job, he and field producer Dave Barsky faked a guitar/banjo duet, featuring an extended version of this anthem which ran a little over two minutes in length (Rowe actually sang all the parts while Rowe's friend Matt played all the instruments). The extended song differs slightly from the shorter versions which aired previously, and even the words that are similar vary somewhat. Rowe performed the song again with slightly different lyrics on the 150th Job Extravaganza with the Burning Embers.

Promotion
Discovery Channel issued the following statement in its publicity of the program:
 * Host and everyman Mike Rowe gets the grimy scoop on downright nasty, but vital, occupations in DIRTY JOBS. Rowe could be processing smelly seafood in a fish factory, collecting bat guano for prized fertilizer or cleaning septic tanks to maintain a fresh-smelling environment. His apprenticeship never ends as he learns from those who keep our world running smoothly.

DVD releases
Discovery Channel has released over 130 episodes on DVD and on iTunes.

title: Dirty Jobs


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Final Exit

Final Exit: The Practicalities of Self-Deliverance and Assisted Suicide for the Dying, often shortened to just Final Exit, is a 1991 book written by Derek Humphry, a British-born American journalist, author, and assisted suicide advocate who co-founded the now-defunct Hemlock Society in 1980 and co-founded the Final Exit Network in 2004. The book was first published in 1991 by the Hemlock Society US in hardback. The following year, its 2nd edition was published by Dell in trade paperback. The current updated edition was published in 2010.

The book, often described as a "suicide manual", describes the means that the terminally ill may use to end their lives. The book further outlines relevant laws, techniques, and living wills. Final Exit was perceived as controversial, and the book drove debate regarding the right to die. Another concern was that people who were mentally ill could use the information found in the book to end their lives. Despite the controversy, Final Exit reached #1 on The New York Times Best Seller list in August 1991.

Final Exit Network claims that approximately 750,000 copies have been sold in the United States and Canada and approximately 500,000 elsewhere. The book is banned in France. Final Exit is Derek Humphry's third book on the subject of self-euthanasia; it was preceded by Jean's Way (1978) and The Right to Die: Understanding Euthanasia (1986).

Success of the book
In 1991, Final Exit spent 18 weeks on The New York Times non-fiction Best Seller list, it reached #1 in August and was selected by USA Today in 2007 as one of the 25 most influential books of the quarter century.

It has been translated into 12 languages. The original English language version is in its third edition.

In 2000, Derek Humphry recorded a VHS video version of the information in the book; a DVD version and a Kindle version were released in 2006 and 2011, respectively. A 4th edition, 'Final Exit 2020' has been released as an Ebook.

The ethicist Peter Singer included it on a list of his top ten books in The Guardian.

Reception
Final Exit has been a frequent target of censors; the novel appears on the American Library Association list of the 100 Most Frequently Challenged Books of 1990–1999 at number 29.

title: Final Exit


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Talk:Websites Critical of the Watchtower Society

How is it honest and consistent with NPOV to redirect from "Websites Critical of the Watchtower Society" (a title which suggest opposing views) to "Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania" (an article which contains proposing views)?

This appears deceptive. Please remove the redirect. If the original title "Websites Critical of The Watchotwer Society" is not permissible, then it should redirect elsewhere, not from opposing to proposing, which amounts to bait and switch. Thank you. - —Preceding unsigned comment added by AndrewXJW (talk • contribs) 14:29, 24 July, 2006

 * Please assume good faith. The vote for deletion for this page resulted in it being changed to a redirect by an admin who does not identify as a JW.  If you think something should be corrected, be bold and make the change, and wait for fair challenges after the fact; unless of course it's highly controversial. - CobaltBlueTony 19:40, 24 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Thank you again CobaltBlueTony! I discovered how to change redirects after leaving the post above, made the change, and documented it. In retrospect, I guess it's easier to make such minor changes than requesting someone do so or explaining why someone should do so. The user interface is simple enough, but the rules are extensive and formidable. I can see why they're necessary though!

 * I try to avoid "controversial" edits by sticking to my area of expertise, and selecting very specifically which pages to participate in, yet find there are many unfair challenges by others who do attempt to control the flow of information and do not stick to their own area of expertise. For example, my main page of interest "Controversies regarding Jehovah's Witnesses" has a strong pro-Witness slant, and the other pages have an even stronger pro-Witness slant. If you have any advice on how to "assume good faith" when the evidence is greatly contrary, I'd love to hear it! In the meantime, I will take initiative where appropriate and try to be concise with edit summaries, and vigilant when others conduct edit wars against me in my own areas of expertise. Thank you. AndrewXJW 20:00, 24 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Great care has been taken to keep articles encyclopedic. Efforts from many different editors with varied backgrounds were pressed into articles that are accurate and well-documented.  If one challenges the presentation of some fact, one is expected, moreso here than in any other series of articles, to find supporting research, preferrably from more than one source.  Even at this level of scrutiny, it is not Wikipedia's policy to come to a conclusion, but only to present the facts.  If one senses some some sort of "conspiracy" regarding the faithfulness of the aticles, one should take this notion up with non-Witness editors, or admins.  Editing based one's own perception of bad faith ironically places one in a bad faith editing position.  It is wise, therefore, to scrutinize the content, not on similarity to one's own perceptions or opinions, but on the factual accuracy and academic weight therein. - CobaltBlueTony 20:13, 24 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Thanks very much for this disclosure about the values and ideals of Wikipedia. It is helpful, and will help me be a more effective contributor. I understand that conclusions are not sought, but rather disclosure of all sides, including the reasons why parties hold certain views, so that the reader can decide for himself. That process, allowing people to draw their own conclusions is one I am very familiar with. We share it as a common value. With a little practice and guidance from you "old pros" I will find the voice that you describe. In the meantime, the views and facts I present are still necessary in order for readers to have a rounded picture of the topic of the page.

 * Also please note I was not editing with an assumption of bad faith, but rather correcting a redirect. I have not edited the work of others at all, but only added to it. Quite contrarily to your warning, it is my work that has been edited with an assumption of bad faith. Nevertheless, I am confident that by adhering to your clear and helpful guidelines, a more balanced view will emerge. Best wishes, AndrewXJW 23:11, 24 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Comment on your talk page. - CobaltBlueTony 16:33, 25 July 2006 (UTC)


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Tim Brunero

Tim Brunero (born 1976) is known to the Australian television-viewing public as the runner-up of Big Brother Australia 2005.

Brunero visited East Timor in November 2005 for APHEDA, also known as Union Aid Abroad. He was also involved with the ACTU's Your Rights at Work campaign as a high-profile spokesman, delivering speeches at rallies such as the Australian industrial relations legislation national day of protest, 2005.

Brunero formerly wrote for The Chaser. He also writes articles on the Church of Scientology for many online websites. Most recently he joined John Singleton's 2GB-plus, the digital radio service from the Australian radio station 2GB, as a presenter.

In 2009, Tim Brunero returned to the small screen in Sydney in a new series of the community television show Dare I Ask?, produced by Metro Screen and broadcast on TVS.

Brunero is also a regular politics and entertainment reporter, and an opinion writer, for LIVENEWS.com.au - the Macquarie National News online news service.

Tim Brunero went to Carlingford High School, is a graduate of the University of Sydney and was a director of the University of Sydney Union.

He has formerly worked at Sydney community radio station 2SER 107.3FM hosting the Wednesday breakfast program, where his insightful comments have endeared him to listeners as the station's own Hunter S. Thompson.

Currently he is presenting the Drive program on 783 ABC Alice Springs.

title: Tim Brunero


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Asperger Adults of Greater Washington

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Sjakkalle (Check!)  08:40, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

Asperger Adults of Greater Washington
Only one editor (besides a minor by me), who I'm guessing is the founder. Site in question is a yahoo group. Most likely original research, vanity, etc. etc.. Also same editor keeps putting in (and occasionally reverting) bits about International Asperger's Year (a term coined by this "group") into ANY Asperger's related article. -- Ryan Norton T 04:32, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - as per nom -Awyllie 04:52, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete—Nice folks, I'm sure, but just an online support group. If this gets kept, I'm adding an article for my Enormous Penis Syndrome support group (our members are growing!). --Tysto 06:15, 2005 August 24 (UTC)
 * Delete - as per nom. Dottore So 06:44, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per nominator.--nixie 06:45, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per nominator. the wub  "?/!"  13:24, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non-notable group. Optichan 20:53, August 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Do not delete The AAGW is a legitimate organization, with frequent activities and regular meetings. The AAGW listserv was listed because its Web site was not yet ready.  By the way, the  Aspies for Freedom is a Web site with a chat group but has no meetings; it qualifies for an entry.  Surely there ought to be some consistency in how the AFF and the AAGW are considered.  :-) 29:38, August 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment if you have a problem with the AFF page, by all means put it up for votes for deletion and let the community decide Ryan Norton T 18:50, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * merge into other Aspie articles as a external link or something... Roodog2k 17:24, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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User talk:Lovebelzer1

hello ok i am a huge SVU Fan who has finally found a way to chat about one of my favourite characters ie: MUNCHIE love munch because he's funny and him and fin crack me up also would love to see belz come down to australia and do some stand up PLEASE RICHARD dee melbourne australia xo

title: User talk:Lovebelzer1


text:
Yadkin College

Yadkin College was a college founded in 1857 by the Methodist Protestant Church. It was located in rural Davidson County, North Carolina and named for the nearby Yadkin River. High Point University serves as the successor to Yadkin College.

The founders hoped the rural setting would prevent the "sinfulness" often displayed by college students. The location proved the college's undoing, however – in 1883 the college became an academy, or prep school and operated in that capacity until sometime in the 1890s when for a few years it achieved junior college status. In 1898 it again became a high school, renamed the Yadkin Collegiate Institute. The rise of public high schools after the turn of the 20th century led to the closing of the Institute in 1924.

The unincorporated village of Yadkin College still exists near the ruins of the institution. Its former buildings are included in the Yadkin College Historic District, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.

title: Yadkin College


text:
User talk:Mcathers

Welcome, from Journalist
Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!
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Image Tagging Image:Floating bridge2.gif
Thanks for uploading Image:Floating bridge2.gif. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the media also doesn't have a copyright tag then you must also add one. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then you can use GFDL-self to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media qualifies as fair use, please read fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other media, please check that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Shyam ( T / C ) 09:21, 12 March 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mcathers


text:
User:Jiminy~enwiki

I am an Australian who loves cricket and lives in Canberra. Jiminy Cricket is a well known character and I borrowed his first name for my userName.

My real name is Ted, but I am happy to be called Jiminy :-)

2005-08-24. Canberra the Bush Capital of Australia.

title: User:Jiminy~enwiki


text: User talk:69.246.91.71

title: User talk:69.246.91.71


text:
Sandhoff disease

Sandhoff disease is a lysosomal genetic, lipid storage disorder caused by the inherited deficiency to create functional beta-hexosaminidases A and B. These catabolic enzymes are needed to degrade the neuronal membrane components, ganglioside GM2, its derivative GA2, the glycolipid globoside in visceral tissues, and some oligosaccharides. Accumulation of these metabolites leads to a progressive destruction of the central nervous system and eventually to death. The rare autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder is clinically almost indistinguishable from Tay–Sachs disease, another genetic disorder that disrupts beta-hexosaminidases A and S. There are three subsets of Sandhoff disease based on when first symptoms appear: classic infantile, juvenile and adult late onset.

Symptoms and signs
Sandhoff disease symptoms are clinically indeterminable from Tay–Sachs disease. The classic infantile form of the disease has the most severe symptoms and is incredibly hard to diagnose at this early age. The first signs of symptoms begin before 6 months of age and the parents’ notice when the child begins regressing in their development. If the children had the ability to sit up by themselves or crawl they will lose this ability. This is caused by a slow deterioration of the muscles in the child's body from the buildup of GM2 gangliosides. Since the body is unable to create the enzymes it needs within the central nervous system, it is unable to attach to these gangliosides to break them apart and make them non-toxic. With this buildup there are several symptoms that begin to appear such as muscle/motor weakness, sharp reaction to loud noises, blindness, deafness, inability to react to stimulants, respiratory problems and infections, mental retardation, seizures, cherry red spots in the retina, enlarged liver and spleen (hepatosplenomegaly), pneumonia, or bronchopneumonia.

The other two forms of Sandhoff disease have similar symptoms but to a lesser extent. Adult and juvenile forms of Sandhoff disease are more rare than the infantile form. In these cases victims suffer cognitive impairment (retardation) and a loss of muscle coordination that impairs and eventually destroys their ability to walk; the characteristic red spots in the retina also develop. The adult form of the disease, however, is sometimes milder, and may only lead to muscle weakness that impairs walking or the ability to get out of bed.

Causes
Two parents carrying a mutated gene and passing it on to their offspring cause the disease. Even with both parents carrying the disease in their genome, there is only a 25% chance that they will have a child containing the genetic coding for the disease (see figure right).

Each form of the disease is caused by the differences in the various mutations of the genome, in particular the codons on the 14 exons in the HEX B gene located within chromosome 5 (see figure bottom), leading to the differences in severities of the symptoms. The difference in the codons has the consequence of inhibiting two enzymes located in the lysosomes of the neurons of the central nervous system. Lysosomes contain various enzymes to break down byproducts and toxins to ensure they do not accumulate enough to interfere with the function of the central nervous system.

Using restriction enzymes, it was discovered that a mutation on chromosome 5 particularly within the C1214T allele caused the adult onset form of Sandhoff Disease. For the patient showing symptoms of the infantile or juvenile form they have a mutation on exon I207V from their father, and a 16 base pair deletion from their mother which can be located on as many as five exons, exons 1–5.

Mutations and polymorphism
Articles regarding Sandhoff disease frequencies among distinct groups of people contain discrepancies from one another. More than 25 mutations have been reported other than novel mutations.

One article says that Sandhoff disease is found commonly in individuals with a non-Jewish descent.

Others say that it is more commonly in:
 * the Creole population of northern Argentina
 * the indigenous Métis in Saskatchewan
 * Christian Maronite communities from Cyprus

Discovery of several mutations in Ashkenazi Jews may reflect ascertainment bias rather than a high population frequency, because Ashkenazi Jews were the targeted population in a mass screening program for Tay-Sachs disease. Several rare SD mutations were discovered as researchers resolved cases of enzyme deficiency among suspected TSD carriers, but no cases of the disease itself have been reported.

However, since it is an autosomal recessive disease, it is likely found in any ethnic group passing from generation to generation through carriers without being expressed in their offspring. Even though the family may not have a history of Sandhoff disease, it is possible for two individuals to have a child with the disease. Since Sandhoff disease was only discovered in 1968, there are years the disease has gone undetected because of misdiagnoses.

Pathophysiology
Biallelic pathogenic variants in the HEXB gene cause Sandhoff disease. The gene provides instructions for making a protein crucial to the enzymes beta-hexosaminidase A and beta-hexosaminidase B, which function in nerve cells to break down fatty substances, complex sugars, and molecules that are linked to sugars. In particular, beta-hexosaminidase A breaks down a fatty compound called GM2 ganglioside. Mutations in the HEXB gene disrupt the activity of these enzymes, preventing the breakdown of GM2 ganglioside and other molecules.

As a result, progressive damage caused by the resulting buildup of GM2 ganglioside leads to the destruction of nerve cells, causing the signs and symptoms associated with Sandhoff disease.

Diagnosis
Sandhoff disease can be detected through the following procedures (before it is apparent through physical examination): a biopsy removing a sample of tissue from the liver, genetic testing, molecular analysis of cells and tissues (to determine the presence of a genetic metabolic disorder), enzyme assay, and occasionally a urinalysis to determine if the above-noted compounds are abnormally stored within the body. For a child to suffer from this disease, both parents must be carriers, and both must transmit the mutation to the child. Thus, even in the case where both parents have the mutation, there is only a 25 percent chance their child will inherit the condition. Frequently, parents are given the opportunity to have a DNA screening if they are at high risk, to determine their carrier status before they have children. However, it is also highly recommended to undergo testing even for those parents who do not have a family history of Sandhoff disease. Over 95% of the families that have children with Sandhoff disease had no known prior family history of the condition, as the mutation in the HEXB gene does not cause clinical symptoms when only one copy is present, and often passed undetected from one generation to the next Naturally, if an individual carries the mutation, he or she has a risk of transmitting it to the unborn child. Genetic counseling is recommended for those who have the mutation.

It is possible for parents who are about to have a child or had a child with Sandhoff Disease can have a PGD or PEGD. PEGD is pre-embryonic genetic diagnosis for the parents that would not benefit from a pre-implantation genetic diagnosis because of their religion or negative attitude for the discarding of embryos. PEGD sequences the genome of the embryo to be produced by two parents if they were to conceive a child. If the family has a history of Sandhoff disease it is recommended they have their genome sequenced to ensure they are not carriers or to sequence the genome of their child.

Types
There are three types of Sandhoff disease: classic infantile, juvenile, and adult late onset. Each form is classified by the severity of the symptoms as well as the age at which the patient shows these symptoms.
 * Classic infantile form of the disease is classified by the development of symptoms anywhere from 2 months to 9 months of age. It is the most common and most severe of all of the forms and will lead to death before the patient reaches the age of three. Infants with this disorder typically appear normal until the age of 3 to 6 months, when development slows and muscles used for movement weaken. Affected infants lose motor skills such as turning over, sitting, and crawling. As the disease progresses, infants develop seizures, vision and hearing loss, dementia, and paralysis. An eye abnormality called a cherry-red spot, which can be identified with an eye examination, is characteristic of this disorder. Some infants with Sandhoff disease may have enlarged organs (organomegaly) or bone abnormalities. Children with the severe form of this disorder usually live only into early childhood.
 * The juvenile form of the disease shows symptoms starting at age 3 ranging to age 10 and, although the child usually dies by the time they are 15, it is possible for them to live longer if they are under constant care. Symptoms include autism, ataxia, motor skills regression, spacticity, and learning disorders.
 * Adult onset form of the disease is classified by its occurrence in older individuals and has an effect on the motor function of these individuals. It is not yet known if Sandhoff disease will cause these individuals to have a decrease in their life span.

Juvenile and adult onset forms of Sandhoff disease are very rare. Signs and symptoms can begin in childhood, adolescence, or adulthood and are usually milder than those seen with the infantile form of Sandhoff disease. As in the infantile form, mental abilities and coordination are affected. Characteristic features include muscle weakness, loss of muscle coordination (ataxia) and other problems with movement, speech problems, and mental illness. These signs and symptoms vary widely among people with late-onset forms of Sandhoff disease.

Treatment
Currently Sandhoff disease does not have any standard treatment and does not have a cure. However, a person suffering from the disease needs proper nutrition, hydration, and maintenance of clear airways. To reduce some symptoms that may occur with Sandhoff disease, the patient may take anticonvulsants to manage seizures or medications to treat respiratory infections, and consume a precise diet consisting of puree foods due to difficulties swallowing. Infants with the disease usually die by the age of 3 due to respiratory infections. The patient must be under constant surveillance because they can suffer from aspiration or lack the ability to change from the passageway to their lungs versus their stomach and their spit travels to the lungs causing bronchopneumonia. The patient also lacks the ability to cough and therefore must undergo a treatment to shake up their body to remove the mucus from the lining of their lungs. Medication is also given to patients to lessen their symptoms including seizures.

Currently the government is testing several treatments including N-butyl-deoxynojirimycin in mice, as well as stem cell treatment in humans and other medical treatments recruiting test patients. A Sandhoff disease study showing proof of principle for gene therapy in a human model system using CRISPR and virus gene correction gives the chance for clinical trials to cure the disease. The ultra-rare occurrence is a main hurdle to overcome for clinical trials.

History
Sandhoff disease is one of several forms of what was formerly known as amaurotic idiocy. This inherited disease is characterized by the accumulation of lipid-containing cells in the viscera and in the nervous system, mental retardation, and impaired vision or blindness. The chemical and enzymatic analysis of various patients with amaurotic idiocy by Konrad Sandhoff (born 1939), a German biochemist, led to the identification of several biochemically distinct diseases: the first biochemical description of GM1-gangliosidosis in 1963, Sandhoff disease in 1968, Tay-Sachs-Disease, the AB-variant of GM2-Gangliosidosis and the B1-variant of GM2-gangliosidosis.

The molecular defect in Sandhoff disease was discovered when Sandhoff studied the biochemistry of sphingolipids and gangliosides in the laboratory of Prof. Horst Jatzkewitz (1912–2002), a German biochemist (Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry, Munich). In October 1966, he obtained deep-frozen autopsy material from an infantile case with amaurotic idiocy. The glycolipid analysis soon demonstrated differences from all the cases studied before. Besides the neuronal storage of GM2, the storage of GA2 was much more pronounced, and different from all cases of Tay-Sachs disease studied so far, globoside accumulated in the visceral organs and, most importantly, hexosaminidase activity was almost completely absent. The disease causing catabolic enzyme deficiency of hexosaminidases was demonstrated with four different substrates (p–nitrophenyl-β-D-N-acetylglucosaminide, p-nitrophenyl-β-D-N-acetylgalactosaminide, glycolipid [3H]GA2 and [3H]globoside) in four different organs and published in 1968.

title: Sandhoff disease


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Southwest Florida

Southwest Florida is the region along the southwest Gulf coast of the U.S. state of Florida. The area is known for its beaches, subtropical landscape, and winter resort economy.

Definitions of the region vary, though its boundaries are generally considered to put it south of the Tampa Bay area, west of Lake Okeechobee, and mostly north of the Everglades and to include Manatee, Sarasota, Charlotte, Lee, and Collier counties. For some purposes, the inland counties of DeSoto, Glades, and Hendry, and the thinly populated mainland section of Monroe County, south of Collier, are also included.

The region includes four metropolitan areas: the North Port-Bradenton-Sarasota MSA, the Cape Coral-Fort Myers MSA, the Naples-Marco Island MSA, and the Punta Gorda MSA. The most populous county in the region is Lee County (760,822 population), and the region's largest city is Cape Coral with a population of 194,016 as of 2020.

History and Development
Nomadic Paleo-Indians inhabited southwestern Florida during the last ice age around 10,000 BC. The Paleo-Indians gave way to the Calusa, the "shell people." The Calusa thrived on the southwest Florida coast and numbered over 50,000 when the first Spaniards reached the peninsula in the 16th century. The arrival of the Europeans was devastating to the Calusa, as diseases such as smallpox and measles decimated the population. Eventually the Seminole would arrive from points to the north and establish themselves on the peninsula. Southwest Florida was mostly not developed until the Florida land boom of the 1920s. The Seaboard Air Line Railroad (SAL) expanded south from Tampa. There has been a major real estate boom focusing on downtown Fort Myers (high-rise residential condominiums); southern Lee County (commercial development and high-technology); eastern Collier County (residential development); and eastern parts of Bradenton. Numerous efforts in recent years have been made to reduce development and preserve open space and recreational areas.

Inland counties (DeSoto, Hendry and Glades Counties) are notably rural, with the primary economic driver being agriculture. Important products grown in this area include tomatoes, beef, sugarcane, and citrus products including oranges. Agricultural harvesting in Southwest Florida employs approximately 16,000 seasonal workers, 90 percent of which are thought to be migrants.

Government
Each county in the region has its own county government. Within each county, there are also self-governing cities, towns and villages. The remaining majority of land in each county is controlled directly by the county government. It is also very common for incorporated municipalities to contract county services in order to save costs and avoid redundancy. The region is designated as one of Florida's 4 districts for the Committee of Southern Historic Preservation (C-SHP). The district has been represented by Tommy Stolly since 2013.

Highways
Southwest Florida is served by several major highways, including the Tamiami Trail (U.S. 41) and the Interstate 75 freeway, both of which connect the area to Tampa to the north, and Greater Miami–Ft. Lauderdale to the east. Long-term cooperative infrastructure planning is coordinated by the Southwest Florida Regional Planning Council (web site), and in heavily populated Lee County, the Metropolitan Planning Organization.

Greyhound Lines serves several locations in Southwest Florida, including Bradenton, Fort Myers, Naples, Port Charlotte, Punta Gorda and Sarasota.

Airports
Southwest Florida International Airport, located to the south of Fort Myers, is the area's primary airport for commercial traffic, serving 10.3 million passengers in 2021 and becoming one of the 50 busiest airports in the United States. Since 2022, the Lufthansa subsidiary Eurowings Discover operates a direct route between Fort Myers and Frankfurt Airport, the sole nonstop flight to Europe in the region; the airport also facilitates travel between 28 states as well as the Canadian provinces of Quebec and Ontario and Havana.

Sarasota–Bradenton International Airport serves as the secondary airport for the region and the primary airport for American and Canadian travelers hoping to travel to the northern part of Southwest Florida, flying as far west as Denver, as far north as Toronto Pearson and Minneapolis, and as far east as Boston. In 2021, the airport served 3.16 million passengers, a new record for the airport.

General aviation airports sprawl across the region, with the airport in Naples being the twelfth busiest in the nation for private jet traffic. The region also hosts general aviation facilities at namesake airports in various locations including Immokalee, Buckingham, LaBelle, Arcadia, Marco Island, Punta Gorda, and Venice, as well as at Fort Myers' Page Field, Placida's Coral Creek Airport, Everglades Airpark near Everglades City, and the Dade-Collier Training and Transition Airport straddling the line between Southwest Florida and the Miami metropolitan area.

Seaport
SeaPort Manatee provides a full range of port services for commercial, industrial and cruise ship purposes.

Railway
Seminole Gulf Railway provides freight services throughout Southwest Florida. The Atlantic Coast Line, Seaboard Air Line, and the Florida East Coast provide Florida with an intriguing history since most of the South's classic lines are operated here.

Tourism
Tourism is a major economic driver in the area. The warm winter climate draws tourists from across the United States, Canada, and Europe. Small towns as well as cultural centres, sea-captains hangouts and small industrial centres, Southwest Florida has more than 25 major tourist meccas. Southwest Florida is a region with a comfortable mixture of Florida's classic and cosmopolitan, relaxed and fast-paced. A place for everyone.

Major attractions/destinations:
 * Beaches in the following locales:
 * Bonita Beach
 * Cape Romano
 * Fort Myers Beach
 * Longboat Key, offshore from Bradenton and Sarasota
 * Marco Island, offshore from Naples
 * Naples
 * Sarasota
 * Sarasota Jungle Gardens in Sarasota
 * Sanibel and Captiva Islands, offshore from Fort Myers and Cape Coral
 * St. Armands Circle on St. Armands Key
 * Venice

 * Attractions including:
 * Edison and Ford Winter Estates in Fort Myers
 * Lake Okeechobee renowned for fishing and ecotourism.
 * Naples Botanical Garden
 * Naples Zoo at Caribbean Gardens
 * Brighton Seminole Indian Reservation where the Seminole nation operates a sizable casino.
 * Ringling Museum of Art in Sarasota
 * St. Armand's Circle in Sarasota

Education
Florida Gulf Coast University (FGCU) is a public university located just south of the Southwest Florida International Airport in South Fort Myers in Lee County, Florida. The university belongs to the 12-campus State University System of Florida. FGCU competes in the ASUN Conference in NCAA Division I sports. FGCU is accredited by the Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools to award associate's, 51 different types of bachelor's, 29 different master's, and 6 types of doctoral degrees.

Sports
The following table shows the professional teams and major NCAA Division 1 teams that play in Southwest Florida.

Spring training
Florida is the traditional home for Major League Baseball spring training, with teams informally organized into the "Grapefruit League." , Southwest Florida hosts the following major league teams for spring training:

 * Atlanta Braves in North Port
 * Boston Red Sox in Fort Myers
 * Baltimore Orioles in Sarasota
 * Minnesota Twins in South Fort Myers
 * Pittsburgh Pirates in Bradenton
 * Tampa Bay Rays in Port Charlotte

Area codes

 * Area code 239 Collier and Lee counties (Portions of Hendry, Charlotte and Monroe counties)
 * Area code 941 Charlotte, Manatee and Sarasota Counties, and also includes Boca Grande, in Lee County
 * Area code 863 DeSoto, Hendry and Glades counties

Newspapers

 * The Banner
 * The Bradenton Herald
 * Breeze Newspapers
 * Florida Weekly
 * Naples Daily News
 * The News-Press
 * Sarasota Herald-Tribune
 * Southwest Florida Business Today
 * The Sun
 * Cape Coral Breeze
 * Florida's Voice (operates statewide, based in SWFL)

Major incorporated cities

 * Bradenton, Manatee County
 * Bonita Springs, Lee County
 * Cape Coral, Lee County
 * Fort Myers, Lee County
 * Naples, Collier County
 * North Port, Sarasota County
 * Sarasota, Sarasota County
 * Punta Gorda, Charlotte County

Major unincorporated communities
Communities listed have a population greater than 30,000 according to the 2000 census.
 * Lehigh Acres, Lee County
 * North Fort Myers, Lee County
 * Port Charlotte, Charlotte County
 * South Fort Myers, Lee County

title: Southwest Florida