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Larung Gar

Larung Gar (,, luoruoxiang) in the Larung Valley is a community in Sêrtar County of Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, in Sichuan, China, known as Kham. Larung Gar is the local name for the community of mostly Tibetan and Han Chinese students which grew around the Serta Larung Five Science Buddhist Academy, founded in 1980 by Kyabje Khenchen Jigme Phuntsok. The residents are monks, nuns, vow holders and lay people. Larung Gar was considered the largest Buddhist monastic center until demolitions by the Chinese government recommenced in July 2016.

Larung Gar began with less than a dozen students building their residences near Khenchen Jigme Phuntsok's retreat residence, then grew as more Tibetan Buddhist monastic and lay students from the Tibetan plateau arrived. As the Serta Larung Five Science Buddhist Academy grew in reputation and size, more Chinese and international students arrived and built residences to receive teachings from Nyingma Terton Khenchen Jigme Phuntsok. The site is considered sacred and the Academy fulfilled an ancient prophecy by the first Dodrupchen Rinpoche.

The community is composed of residences and retreat meditation huts, built with mud bricks or with wood. As the community grew, nuns built guest houses, and foot paths connected the neighborhoods to the Academy. A few restaurants are located near the main square adjacent to the Gompa.

By 1999, reports state Chinese authorities began harassing Larung Gar. An earlier round of demolitions commenced in June 2001, after Khenchen Jigme Phuntsok refused orders to reduce the number of students, a decision for which he was detained incommunicado for a year according to several sources and to the 2017 joint report by Tibet Watch and Free Tibet.

Monks and nuns continued to move to Larung Gar to study, and the international population from Tibet, China, Mongolia, and from other Asian countries was said to officially be 10,000 people. By June 2016, Chinese authorities ordered a cut in the number residents by half to 5000, with no more than 3,500 nuns and 1,500 monks, as the huge influx of people living in DIY housing was becoming a safety and fire hazard.

The director of Free Tibet stated, "The demolition at Larung Gar is clearly nothing to do with overcrowding – it is just another tactic in China's attempt to subvert the influence of Buddhism in Tibet."

Condemnation of China's demolitions at Larung Gar has been made by the European Parliament in 2016, and by United Nations human rights experts in 2017. By 2018, concern with the ongoing destruction of Larung Gar and Yarchen Gar was expressed by the United States Department of State. In October 2020, a joint statement by 39 countries was read at the United Nations general assembly on human rights, which compares human rights abuses in Tibet to those in Xinjiang.

Serta Larung Five Science Buddhist Academy
The Sertar Buddhist Institute is also a common name used for the monastic institute at Larung Gar, formally named the Serta Larung Five Science Buddhist Academy.

It was officially founded in 1980 in the uninhabited valley by Nyingma lama Khyabje Khenchen Jigme Phuntsok, while it evolved from his mountain retreat previously established there during the Cultural Revolution. That mountain retreat is also said to have connections to a mountain hermitage built in 1880 by Dudjom Dorje.

The community grew around Larung Gar's Academy, where monks, nuns, and vow-holding lay people of both Tibetan and Chinese origins study under one of four major spiritual institutions at the Academy:
 * Ngarig Nangten Lobling – a monastery for approximately 4,000 monks
 * Pema Khandro Duling Nunnery – a nunnery for approximately 5,000 nuns
 * Lektso Charbeb Ling – a spiritual center for approximately 1,000 lay vow-holding practitioners
 * International Religious Committee – a spiritual center for international students

Demolitions and forced evictions
As Larung Gar grew, more than 1,000 new homes were constructed every year by both professional crews and by monks and nuns themselves with the help of their families and friends. By 1986, the resident population of monks and nuns numbered 6,000. And by 1998, 4,500 nuns, 4,000 monks, and nearly 1,000 Chinese students together lived, studied, and meditated at Larung Gar, according to the report from International Campaign for Tibet.

Chinese authorities repeatedly harassed Larung Gar. In 1999 and in 2001, Chinese authorities searched the premises, and began a "patriotic re-education" of resident monks and nuns in April 2000.

Also in 2001, mass demolitions and forced evictions of monks, nuns and lay people began after Sichuan authorities wanted signed documents denouncing the Dalai Lama, actions during which Khenchen Jigme Phuntsok was detained for a year. An early report states the Sichuan Religious Affairs Bureau, of the Chinese government, confirmed to Reuters that students were being required to leave the Academy, "because of concerns about social stability and at the order of central authorities." Simultaneously, a limit on the monastic population was set at 1,400 residents.

As demolitions continued past June, approximately 4,000 buildings were reported as demolished and 8,000 residents were expelled in 2001, before Chinese authorities returned in 2002 and demolished more buildings, according to the joint 2017 report by Tibet Watch and Free Tibet. An eyewitness visiting Larung Gar at the time stated, "Apparently the officials were torturing nuns and monks that were resisting being expelled. While we were getting this news a group of nuns came walking thru town. One nun was being carried because she could not walk. She had been tortured also. We left shortly afterward."

Additional demolitions by Chinese authorities continued in 2002 after Khenchen Jigme Phuntsok was released from detainment at a military hospital in Barkham County, and just before his death. More demolitions occurred in 2013, and in 2015, according to a 2017 Tibet Watch report. Between the demolition orders and on January 9, 2014, a vast blaze destroyed around 100 wood houses in Larung Gar, according to the Buddhist Channel, while a state-run media outlet said 10 buildings were destroyed.

In June 2016, a mass demolition and forced eviction order at Larung Gar was announced by Chinese authorities, an order to cut the number of Larung Gar residents by half to 5,000, and to offer a reward to ethnic dwellers if they move.

On July 22, 2016, the BBC reported evidence from the campaign group Free Tibet that a government work team, accompanied by Chinese police and plainclothes members of the armed forces, had begun to demolish more buildings at Larung Gar in response to an order made the previous month by local authorities. Their objective was the demolition of 1,500 dwellings and the forced eviction of 4,600 residents.

The mass demolition drive by the People's Republic of China was a huge violation of human rights of ethnic Tibetans. The authorities also cancelled the annual Larung Gar festival of Tibetans.

On July 22, the Los Angeles Times reported that the demolition was being carried out after "two major government meetings during which the Chinese Communist Party general secretary Xi Jinping stressed 'national unity' and the necessity for religious groups to support the Communist Party and 'merge their religious doctrines with Chinese culture'." Also quoted was Robert Barnett, a Tibet scholar at Columbia University. He said this was indicative of the social unrest in Tibet, "We’ve had – what is it? – five years of self-immolations, massive protests in 2008 and so on. The language of resistance is rife throughout China and Tibet."

By November 2016, about 3000 monks and nuns had been forcibly evicted, and around 1000 residences had been destroyed by bulldozers. At least 900 evicted nuns and monks were transported directly to political re-education centers or were detained in a "re-education" camp. Another 300 evicted nuns and monks were required to report to the prefectures in their hometowns for political re-education. Reports also state the evicted monks and nuns are prohibited from joining their local monasteries and nunneries.

On December 6, 2016, the Tibetan government-in-exile's Central Tibetan Administration urged the United Nations to intervene on the issue.

On December 8, 2016, the European Parliament adopted an urgency resolution condemning the dismantling of Larung Gar and the forced evictions of the residents, the forced enrollment in "patriotic education" exercises, and the resulting suicides by evicted nuns.

Another demolition order from the Chinese government was publicized on March 12, 2017, for 3,225 residences, according to a March 23 statement from a Larung Gar senior khenpo speaking with Human Rights Watch. The Khenpo also stated 4,500 residents had been forced to leave. A report from March 2017 states the dismantling was reported as part of a rebuilding project that the local government was carrying out in order to make the academy fire- and earthquake-safe. A report in August 2017 found that the demolitions were still being continued, not due to overpopulation – the area is expansive – but because of a government program to turn the sacred site into a 'tourist attraction'. Thousands of Tibetans had already been displaced, while a Han Chinese migration program to the area continued. The report also found that the Tibetans whose houses were destroyed were forced to sign documents that legally bound them to renounce their land rights in Larung Gar. Afterward, they were sent away via buses without notice on where they will be relocated.

International condemnation of China's demolitions and evictions at Larung Gar and Yarchen Gar continued in 2017 by six United Nations human rights experts, during an unusual collaboration.

Political re-education
The Chinese "patriotic re-education" programs began at Larung Gar for resident monks and nuns in April 2001.

The Tibetan Review, a Delhi, India based journal, reports that according to a local resident, 100 nuns and monks studying at Larung Gar Buddhist Academy and residing in Larung Gar were bused to government facilities at Nyingchi after their residences were demolished in 2016 when China began carrying out a forced downsizing of the monastic center earlier that year, leading to their subsequent forced evictions. The Tibetan Review notes that most have returned home after two months, but some were reportedly under continued political re-education.

Another 500 nuns were reported as taken from the region and sent to a patriotic re-education camp, where a video was made while the nuns were forced to chant hymns of loyalty to communism.

In a related report by Human Rights Watch (HRW), in November 2016, the authorities forced at least one group of monks and nuns from Larung Gar or the nearby religious community at Yarchen Gar to undergo political re-education and "apparent public humiliation" in Nyingchi. The report also refers to a video in which 12 Tibetan nuns, dressed in religious robes, are dancing on a stage in front of ostensibly an audience of officials. HRW says that the timing and circumstances of the video indicate that the women are Tibetan nuns expelled in 2016 from Larung Gar or Yarchen Gar.

Free Tibet, the organization which released the video, says that since nuns and monks are not allowed to dance or sing in their robes for entertainment in accordance with Tibetan Buddhist teachings, the video seems to indicate that they were most likely forced to participate in the performance. By early December, a nearby re-education camp in Sertar, Karze prefecture for more than 800 nuns from Larung Gar was reported as ready for detained nuns. The report is further supported by satellite images from Apollo Mapping, a company in Boulder, Colorado, which provided images for the 2017 joint Tibet Watch and Free Tibet report.

The joint report also states another 2,000 nuns were offered residences in unspecified "other institutions in Sertar County" and other counties, on September 23, if they left voluntarily within five days.

In October 2020, a joint statement by 39 countries was read at the United Nations general assembly on human rights, which compare human rights abuses in Tibet to those in Xinjiang. The Associated Press states the countries "criticized China's treatment of minority groups, especially in Xinjiang and Tibet" and that "The predominantly Western statement said its 39 signatories shared the concerns expressed by 50 independent U.N. human rights experts in an 'extraordinary letter' in June in which they urged the international community to 'take all appropriate measures' to monitor China and 'act collectively and decisively' to ensure its government respects human rights."A report in Foreign Policy by Kelsang Dolma states that Tibet was the laboratory for human rights violations which Chen Quanguo imported to Xinjiang, while Cultural Anthropologist Carole McGranahan authenticated a Tibetan torture journal which also corresponds to Chinese torture tactics used on Uyghurs at Xinjiang.

title: Larung Gar


text:
National Extremism Tactical Co-ordination Unit

The National Extremism Tactical Co-ordination Unit (NETCU) was a British police organisation funded by, and reporting to, the Association of Chief Police Officers (ACPO) that coordinated police action against groups in the United Kingdom it described as extremist.

Structure
As of April 2007, it was headed by Superintendent Steve Pearl. Because the ACPO was not a public body but rather a private limited company, NETCU was exempt from freedom of information laws and other kinds of public accountability, even though they were funded by the Home Office and deployed police officers from regional forces.

Background
"NETCU provides tactical advice and guidance on policing single-issue domestic extremism. The unit also supports companies and other organisations that are the targets of domestic extremism campaigns. NETCU reports through the National Coordinator for Domestic Extremism (NCDE) to the Association of Chief Police Officers Terrorism and Allied Matters - ACPO(TAM) committee."

NETCU answered to the Association of Chief Police Officers' (ACPO) Terrorism and Allied Matters Committee, and in particular to ACPO's National Coordinator for Domestic Extremism, Detective Chief Superintendent Adrian Tudway. It worked with the Home Office, and the National Public Order Intelligence Unit.

The unit was created in or around May 2004 to coordinate police action in relation to animal rights campaigns. It was based in Huntingdon, Cambridgeshire, which had been a focal point for animal rights activism as a result of the Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty campaign.

Apart from animal rights groups, it also investigated the UK Life League, a direct action anti-abortion group that protests outside abortion clinics.

Takeover by the Metropolitan Police
In November 2010 it was announced that the three ACPO units commanded by the National Domestic Extremism and Disorder Intelligence Unit would be rebranded as the National Domestic Extremism Unit and brought under the control of the Metropolitan Police by Summer 2011.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Talk:KDE Software Compilation 4/Archive 1

KDE on Windows and Mac OS X
Some people seem to believe that KDE 4 will be officially supported for Microsoft Windows (by KDE.org and not a separate project). Is there any truth to this?

 * I believe that KDE requires a POSIX environment, which would require that users of Microsoft Windows use a POSIX "emulator", such as Cygwin. This has been done for KDE in the past. The "supported KDE on Windows rumor," if it is a rumor, may have stemmed from the fact that Qt4 is finally available as Qt/Windows under a GPL license (it had previously been only available under a proprietary license). While this does mean that the widget toolkit used for KDE is now readily available on Windows (thus making the build process for KDE apps for Windows trivial), it doesn't necessarily mean that the desktop environment as a whole (konqueror/kicker/kdesktop/kcontrol/KDM) can be as easily ported. --Philipacamaniac 10:09, 31 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Windows is fully POSIX-compliant. -- mms 00:18, 21 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Windows is not POSIX complaint . Cygwin and MinGW can be installed on Windows to provide POSIX complaint API .Melnakeeb (talk) 04:01, 24 August 2010 (UTC)

 * Yes it's true. :)

 * The plan is to support KDE on both Windows and Mac OS X (at least kdelibs, and preferably as many applications as possible). The things related to a "desktop environment" (ie, X11-specific) have been moved to a separate space in kdebase SVN and nearly everything builds on Mac OS X out-of-the-box now, and kdelibs mostly builds, last I heard.  The windows folks have done a decent amount of work writing library support for the POSIXy things that kdelibs does, and a lot of the X11-specific code has been factored out in the moved to Qt4.  --RangerRick 19:32, 22 September 2006 (UTC)

 * You can run KDE4 Shell on Windows these days. KDE4 fully supports Windows and the Operating System part of the topic summary needs to be updated. The full desktop environment can run on Windows. I personally have done this on Windows XP, but I need to confirm it can be done on Vista/Win 7. I don't run Windows so this may take a while. Reference to official KDE resource confirming KDE Shell runs on Windows. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Thatkid 2002 (talk • contribs) 05:36, 22 March 2010 (UTC)

Release Date
This article and the main KDE article have inconsistent KDE4 release dates. Likewise, from reading the official word: http://developer.kde.org/development-versions/kde-4.0-release-plan.html, the only factual information available is the technical preview in Oct 2006. That might result in a Fall 2006 release date (unlikely) or an early 2007 release date (more likely), but this is all pure speculation. I think some rewriting is due for both articles, to read something like: "KDE 4 is the next major release of the K Desktop Environment software. Although a release date has not been determined, a technical preview will be available in October 2006." This feels like an important change to this relatively short article, so I'm looking for opinions before making the change. --Philipacamaniac 09:50, 31 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Sounds like a good change. I imagine that the discrepancies on the release timeline might be due to inclusion of the sort of vague estimates thrown about in various semi-official places (such discussions on IRC, the dot, developer blogs, etc.)  For now, using the information from the official release plan is probably the best option here.  If more recent release information becomes available from a different (but reliable) source, we can always put that in later.  The important thing is that we make sure it's citable and not speculation.  — Jeff | (talk) | 01:19, 1 June 2006 (UTC)

 * I just changed it to inlude information from an interview with one of the developers about the release date. I cited it as well, but probably should have asked if there were any objections here first. Are there any? — reldruH | 21:23, 10 October 2006 (UTC)

Considering that it's now Nov. 1st (according to UTC time) I'm going to change the part about a technical preview being released in october. — reldruH | 00:40, 1 November 2006 (UTC)

Aaron, there was a technical preview released in September (3.80.1) and another one was released today (3.80.2), if anything this article should be updated with this information 205.132.170.97 02:20, 3 November 2006 (UTC)

yeah so shouldn't the "OS 	Unix-like" be changed? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 91.84.38.65 (talk) 10:38, 4 January 2008 (UTC)

Dashboard Widgets
It's claimed in the article that KDE 4 will support Apple's Dashboard widgets. It is not my understanding that a widget written for Dashboard will run unaltered on KDE 4. Can someone confirm this? Maybe cite a reference? Rljacobson 03:42, 12 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Since no one has confirmed this, I have changed the wording of the article. Rljacobson 21:02, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Hope this works as a reference: http://www.kdedevelopers.org/node/1715
 * Just FYI, Zack Rusin has already started implemenation of the Dashboard widget api. http://zrusin.blogspot.com/search/label/dashboard –Sish 21:42, 22 July 2007 (UTC)

Added planned updates section
I've added the section as you can see, mainly just the same stuff that's on the main KDE article. Feel free to change it around and add to it, I haven't used KDE4 yet (and won't until it's official release) so i don't want to put in too much information about it, and would rather not chase around places to cite just to add some more stuff I don't even know about yet so hopefully someone who has used KDE4 can add to this soon.

I've also replaced the current status section with what I think is a tidier looking one, though feel free to revert if you disagree.

And I made the release schedule into a table instead of a list

Is there a wikiproject for KDE? Seems like a big project and many of the articles about KDE-related technology are stubs and could use some organised clean-up.

Happysmileman 20:51, 26 July 2007 (UTC)

Merge
There are no other software articles having a separate article for a specific version (except for operating systems), and I don't see the reason KDE should, either. - Sikon 03:34, 18 September 2007 (UTC)

 * I can't think of any other piece of software making as large a change from one version to the next as KDE 4, you say that OSes are the only software articles with their own article, but considering the change from KDE3.5 to KDE4 is at least comparable to any new release of an OS/distribution it would make sense that it has it's own article. Keeping it in the KDE article would probably confuse people and bloat the KDE article Happysmileman 23:45, 18 September 2007 (UTC)

 * I agree, KDE3 to KDE4 is a huge change. I propose that after the release the KDE4 it should be merged into the main KDE article since it changed from a future release to a current release. But this shouldn't happen the day of the release, more of a gradual process. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 208.102.145.1 (talk) 00:45, 19 September 2007 (UTC)

 * I agree as well. You have seperate articles for certain Windows versions where the underlying core hasn't changed so much, whereas the GUI has (compare Linux and KDE). In KDE4, the underlying core (speaking of kdelibs, not the linux kernel, which hasn't got anything to do with KDE anyways) AND the GUI has changed _a lot_, so it definitely should get its own article. 84.152.61.29 14:07, 22 September 2007 (UTC)

 * I'd also suggest a gradual merge following the 4.0 release. The main article will have to be rewritten by then anyway, i.e. to have its lists reflect the features and structure of the new stable version. - Cyrus XIII 00:40, 23 September 2007 (UTC)

 * I agree with a gradual merge. After the release of KDE 4, we will probably want to change the focus of 'KDE' to be more about KDE 4 and less about KDE 3, and that will be a good time for moving content across. guiltyspark 10:05, 25 September 2007 (UTC)

 * It's only gradual if we let it be, it should have it's own article until it's release for about a week or two, then we can start to move everything over, after that the release schedule and the Beta and Alpha higlights will not be needed, we just need to copy the new features, and the final release date, and some other small stuff, most of it cna easily be appended to current sections in KDE or put in new "KDE 4" section. Happysmileman 17:47, 26 September 2007 (UTC)

 * I agree with the gradual merge since after its release and its adoption everyone that says KDE will call it KDE and not KDE 4 all the time. At first they will, hence the gradual merge.  I'd say about July next year (08) when most distro's have it down and nicely supported should the article itself be fully transferred.--WhereAmI 23:09, 27 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Yes, we should not move over the day it comes out. KDE 4.0 won't be adopted by very many distros by default, a good date would be around the release of Kubuntu 8.04. Kubuntu is a major KDE distro and by then most other distros will have adopted KDE4 by default. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 208.102.145.1 (talk) 20:29, 30 September 2007 (UTC)

So is it the consensus that the merge tag should be removed? - Pingveno  (  talk  |  contrib  ) 16:11, 2 October 2007 (UTC)

 * There are no other software articles having a separate article for a specific version (except for operating systems), and I don't see the reason KDE should, either. - Sikon 03:34, 18 September 2007 (UTC)
 * So Microsoft Office 2007 is an operating system? Aside from the name do KDE3 and KDE4 have almost nothing in common. Besides: Windows 1.0, Windows 2.0, Windows 3.0, and Windows 3.1x also have their own articles, even though they are just graphical environments for DOS and neither of them is as feature-rich as KDE.
 * IMHO there should be an article called KDE that gives an overview about the KDE project, the project’s culture and the most important milestones in its history. This article should be concise. At this time, KDE already is nine pages long. Do you want to kill readers with a huge amount of text? I don’t see why more shorter articles with better focused content for each major release shouln’t be better. --KAMiKAZOW 15:16, 1 November 2007 (UTC)

I disagree with merge. KDE articles needs more organisation. My option is that KDE talks about history, symbols, organisation, sponsors, most known apps and include table of releases; generations will have own article KDE1, KDE2, KDE3 and KDE4. Under KDE article under section Releases will be sub sections with describing mayor features of release. See sl:KDE for example. --Smihael (talk) 08:23, 15 December 2007 (UTC)

Its been more than a month to the last reply, I will remove the merge tags since I too desagree with the merge of KDE4 to the rest for the reasons above mentioned by many people.--QuicksilverPhoenix (talk) 20:09, 24 January 2008 (UTC)

Grave bugs?
What exactly are "grave bugs" as mentioned on the release schedule? I can't find the term "grave bug" on Wikipedia, Wictionary, or Urban Dictionary. --Explodicle 21:43, 3 December 2007 (UTC)

 * Eh... bugs that are grave, perhaps? I'd hardly consider it an uncommon word. 193.190.253.144 23:40, 3 December 2007 (UTC)
 * Oh ok. I thought it was a special term or something. --Explodicle 15:25, 4 December 2007 (UTC)

Rewrote major updates
It was sorely lacking in information, and saying everything in bullets would get a write this in prose tag in 10 seconds flat. Any objections? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Skeith (talk • contribs) 15:08, 15 December 2007 (UTC)

Where's the history?
This article only mentions KDE since 4.0. Yet, the DE existes for over a decade. Where is the history? --Mecanismo | Talk 19:51, 30 December 2007 (UTC)

 * In the KDE article. Gareth Aus (talk) 06:59, 31 December 2007 (UTC)

Merge (again)
Since KDE 4 is now out, I think this article should be merged with KDE. - Sikon (talk) 04:55, 12 January 2008 (UTC)
 * I've since thought about it, and I think we should reorganize the main KDE article akin to the GNOME and Xfce (I was promoting splitting the articles up, but that doesn't seem like the best solution now). Right now its a bit of a mess. I think mimicking the xfce article would be a good start, with the history and popular applications. We should also mention that KDE 4 is uses many more of the freedesktop.org standards.Skeith (talk) 15:34, 12 January 2008 (UTC)

 * I'm still against merging. I sated my reasons above. --KAMiKAZOW (talk) 07:21, 14 January 2008 (UTC)

I am against merging also; KDE 4 is a MAJOR upgrade akin to say going from Windows XP to Vista; both of which have their own articles.... --16:29, 28 January 2008 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 213.202.156.154 (talk)
 * In this case, we also need articles for KDE 1, KDE 2 and KDE 3, and a major cleanup of the main KDE article. - Sikon (talk) 08:30, 29 January 2008 (UTC)
 * I agree with both having articles for each KDE version and a cleanup of the main article.Alecsescu (talk) 10:56, 30 January 2008 (UTC)
 * KDE 1,2,3 articles should only be created if there is the content for them, as there is enough content to warent a kde4 article then this article should be kept. my $0.02 —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.35.192.193 (talk) 11:35, 7 June 2008 (UTC)

Link to the OS X website
The link to the website hosting the KDE 4 packages for OS X, listed under external links as 'KDE 4 for Mac OS X' seems to be down. It's been down for at least a day, possibly more.

1) Does anyone know why? 2) Has the website moved or been closed? 3) What should be done with this link? Jackster (talk) 16:27, 12 January 2008 (UTC)

 * It works again. --KAMiKAZOW (talk) 10:56, 13 January 2008 (UTC)

First two Screenshots
Seriously, those first two screenshots look like ***. Would it be ok if I took two more classy looking ones to replace them? KDE c a n look very nice, but everytime I see that "official" shot, I have to cringe. And the rotating penguin widget with the psychedelic purple background ... that was supposed to be a joke, right? On top of that, by clicking on the image you get a horrible quality. What would possibly be one's first impression of KDE, seeing that? 137.250.126.47 (talk) 12:45, 15 July 2008 (UTC)

KDE 4.2 section
The new KDE 4.2 section is basically an ad. I don't feel comfortable editing this text because I'm an expert on KDE nor Wikipedia. Instead of being bold, I'm going to have to be italic, please change the KDE 4.2 section, thanks. - 145.93.224.44 (talk) 09:39, 16 February 2009 (UTC)
 * Better? --KAMiKAZOW (talk) 17:47, 16 February 2009 (UTC)

KMail 2.0
I think KMail 2.0 was postponed to KDE SC 4.6, so it shouldn't appear in the KDE SC 4.5 section. --Aliuken (talk) 12:53, 11 August 2010 (UTC)


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Larung Gar Buddhist Academy

In 1980, Kyabje Khenchen Jigme Phuntsok founded Larung Gar, which was officially named by the 10th Panchen Lama in 1987 as Serta Larung Five Science Buddhist Academy, also known of in, , located in the Larung Valley (喇荣沟) near the township of Larung in Sêrtar County, Garzê Prefecture, Sichuan Province, known of as Kham. The Serta Larung Five Science Buddhist Academy grew from Khenchen Jigme Phuntsok's mountain retreat. The purpose of Larung Gar's Academy is to provide an ecumenical training in Tibetan Buddhism and to meet the need for renewal of meditation, ethics, and scholarship all over Tibet in the wake of China's Cultural Revolution of 1966-76.

Despite the remote location, an ancient prophecy by the first Dodrupchen Rinpoche named its founder and described its location, and the site is considered sacred. Larung Gar's Academy grew from less than a dozen students gathering around Khenchen Jigme Phuntsok's home, to a community of more than a hundred students living in mud huts by 1981, as reported by International Campaign for Tibet.

According to several Tibetan advocacy organizations, the Academy continued growing as monks, nuns, and lay students relocated and built residences, to become one of the largest and most influential ecumenical centers for the study of Tibetan Buddhism in the world.

By 2001, the Academy grew to number 8,500 monks and nuns, with an additional 1,000 Chinese students, and more lay persons. By 2016, the number of official residents had grown to 10,000, while the unofficial estimated number was between 20,000 to 40,000 people, according to a joint 2017 report by Tibet Watch and Free Tibet.

Demographics
The Academy's principles of teaching and training are: "Unity and Harmony"; "Pure Precepts"; "Listening, Reflecting and Meditating"; and "Spreading the Dharma to Benefit Sentient Beings".

The student body of Larung Gar Five Science Buddhist Academy is composed of monks, nuns, lay "vow-holders" and tantric practitioners, of mostly Tibetan and Chinese origins, while Mongolians and students from other Asian countries also figure prominently.

Students are associated with one of the four institutions at the Academy: the Ngarig Nangten Lobling monastery, the Pema Khandro Duling Nunnery, the Lektso Charbeb Ling center, and the International Religious Committee.

Ngarig Nangten Lobling is the monastery for monks, while approximately 4,000 monks were in residence in 2001. It offers a Khenpo degree, and hundreds of khenpos have graduated from Larung Gar's Academy since 1980.

Pema Khandro Duling Nunnery is the nuns center, while approximately 4,500 nuns were in residence in 2001, coming from all regions of Tibet. The majority of residents at the Academy are women, and the curriculum allows nuns to achieve a coveted Khenmo degree for the first time in Tibetan history. Entry into the relatively small number of nunneries that exist in other areas of Tibet has been limited, but the Academy is open to virtually anyone who genuinely seeks to become a student of Khenpo Jigme Phuntsok's ecumenical vision. Khenpo's niece, Jetsunma Muntso, was recognized by the 14th Dalai Lama as a tulku, and heads the nunnery.

Lektso Charbeb Ling is the lay practitioner center, and has trained over 1,000 lay "vow-holders" and tantric practitioners from Sêrtar and other regions of Tibet and China.

The International Religious Committee oversees 1,000 students from regions of the People's Republic of China and students from other Asian countries. Roughly ten percent of the nearly 10,000 students attending the Academy are ethnic Han people. They attend separate classes taught in Standard Chinese while larger classes are taught in Amdo Tibetan.

The teaching halls are located in the center of the valley, together with a golden statue of the Garuda.

History
A mountain hermitage was previously established near the location in 1880 by Dudjom Lingpa, and earlier incarnation of Dudjom Rinpoche. Yogis resided there, such as Khenchen Jigme Phuntsok's previous incarnation Terton Lerab Lingpa's student Chatrel Choying Rangdrul, and great realizations were gained in the sacred area.

After escaping the Cultural Revolution to reside in the near area with a group of loyal monks, Khenchen Jigme Phuntsok officially took over the mountain hermitage in the summer of 1980 and founded Larung Gar, based on the tradition of Buddhist encampments (chos sgar).

Larung Gar's Academy, also known as the Sertar Buddhist Institute, opened and operated privately and independently, with a standing executive committee of seven learned khenpos, or lamas, but major decisions were confirmed and implemented only after consultation with Khenchen Jigme Phuntsok.

In 1987, the 10th Panchen Lama bestowed the name of Sertar Larung Ngarig Nangten Lobling, with the ambition to create a "spiritual oasis" and the largest center for Tibetan Buddhist studies.

As Antonio Terrone writes, Khenchen Jigme Phuntsok's "dedication to rigorous monastic learning, the Vinaya code of conduct, and a commitment to an ecumenical system of teaching" welcomed students "from all traditions of Tibetan Buddhism."

The Academy has graduated more than 500 khenpos and khenmos — male and female holders of Doctoral degrees in Buddhism — and is widely renowned for the high quality of both its spiritual and secular education. English, Chinese, and Tibetan languages and modern computer studies have been taught alongside a traditional non-sectarian Buddhist curriculum.

The khenpos and khenmos then are authorized to establish Buddhist centers and monasteries, which further propagates Tibetan Buddhism and intertwines with Tibetan culture. As Terrone also writes, "Larung Gar is a landmark of his commitment to disseminate Buddhism in an ecumenical fashion, to strengthen monasticism and Buddhist ethics, and to heighten religious education and Tibetan traditional culture."

Demolitions and forced evictions
As Larung Gar grew, more than 1,000 new homes were constructed every year by both professional crews and by monks and nuns themselves with the help of their families and friends. In the mid-1980's, the resident population of monks and nuns numbered 6,000. And by 1998, 4,500 nuns, 4,000 monks, and nearly 1,000 Chinese students together lived, studied, and meditated at Larung Gar, according to the report from International Campaign for Tibet.

Widely reported and internationally condemned mass demolitions of residences and forced evictions of monks, nuns, and international students impacted the Serta Larung Five Science Buddhist Academy and the community of Larung Gar. Monks and nuns were subject to political re-education programs beginning in April 2000.

The demolitions of monastic residences began in 2001, after pressure was applied from Sertar authorities to Khenchen Jigme Phuntsok and others to denounce the Tibetan spiritual leader, the 14th Dalai Lama. Approximately 8,000 students and residents were evicted as 4,000 buildings were demolished. Afterwards, additional demolitions and forced evictions of monks and nuns also occurred in 2002, and in 2013 when monks and nuns were evicted and some were arrested and sentenced to prison from one to six years, according to a joint Tibet Watch and Free Tibet report. In 2015, another 1,000 people were forcibly evicted including elderly nuns and monks.

Mass demolitions recommenced in July 2016 and continued to 2018, to which the European Parliament responded with condemnation in December 2016. The demolition order set a limit to the population of monks and nuns at 5,000 - 3,500 nuns and 1,500 monks - and specified the demolitions of "old age homes and nuns' hostels". A count of 3,729 people had been evicted by December 2016, and the vast majority of demolitions were of nuns' residences.

Additionally, at least 4,820 monks and nuns were forcibly evicted during 2017-2018. Reports beginning in July 2016 state monks and nuns were bussed to either political re-education centers, or to political re-education camps, or to their home towns and to local political re-education efforts through their prefectures.

As at Yarchen Gar, whose demolitions and forced evictions are similar to those at Larung Gar, evicted nuns and monks are not permitted to re-enroll at their home monasteries, or to relocate.

The demolitions also impacted the open organization of the original encampment, and its atmosphere of quiet spiritual contemplation and study. Some of the demolitions in Larung Gar widened footpaths into roadways, which introduced vehicles into semi-private areas previously closed to traffic, as described by a joint Tibet Watch and Free Tibet report. The mix of students in residential areas was changed to separate the students into areas designated for nuns, for monks and for lay students surrounded by walls. The report also indicates other demolitions were undertaken adjacent to the main Gompa, where a hotel was being constructed by 2017.

Reports do not indicate that the Academy's buildings were subject to physical demolitions, which include the monastery, the nunnery, the lay practitioner's center, and the foreign student center.

But in August 2017, it was announced that a Chinese Communist Party (CCP) committee of six was taking over control of Larung Gar's Academy, a move observers said was for greater control and surveillance. The deputy police chief of Garze would be appointed as the Institute's CCP secretary and as its director, a move which would remove Khenchen Jigme Phuntsok's niece, recognized tulku Ani Mumsto from the position.

Tibetan author Tsering Woeser stated, "Sending party secretaries to run a Tibetan Buddhist institute is just ridiculous," and, "The party does not regard Larung Gar as a Buddhist academy, but attempts to manage it as a unit of the state or party apparatus."

Horxi Samyang Lonpê Buddhist Institute
The Larung Horxi Samyang Lonpê Buddhist Institute is a Buddhist institute 20 kilometers from the Serta Larung Five Science Buddhist Academy at Larung Gar, 40 kilometers from the central town of Sêrtar County. While not located in the Larung Valley, it was named by Cüchim Lozhö, Känbo of the Ngarig Buddhist Academy.

Tourism and media
Larung Gar and the Larung Valley are outside the main tourist routes and few foreigners find their way there. Larung Gar has been closed to foreign visitors since June 2016. There is one hotel on the Northern ridgeline, which is most easily reached via the new construction access road from the north, avoiding the congestion on the narrow streets of the institute. There are also a simple guesthouse and a few restaurants on the main square next to the main Gompa. A new "Temple of Death" has been built at the sky burial site about one kilometer north of the institute.

In February 2016, a photograph of Larung Gar by Hungarian photographer Attila Balogh was shortlisted for that year's Sony World Photography Awards.

title: Larung Gar Buddhist Academy


text:
Talk:KDE4/to do

 * Tenor is missing
 * description of Plasma
 * collection of interviews about KDE4 features
 * information about the APPEAL project

title: Talk:KDE4/to do


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Castelo, Erik Joseph de Guzman

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Sjakkalle (Check!)  08:52, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

Castelo, Erik Joseph de Guzman
Despite many claims of notability, it seems that this young man's notability is mostly in his own mind. Vanity. Zoe 06:23, August 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Zoe, can't this be A7'd?. Dottore So 06:48, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I wish, but if I did, there would be an uproar because of all his claims. Zoe 07:01, August 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * A7'd? What's that? --Blackcap | talk 07:42, August 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * WP:CSD. Original author requests deletion.  The original author blanked the page after I put the vfd header on it, and I reverted it, the noted Dottore is suggesting that that qualifies as a request for speedy deletion, but I'd rather be safe than sorry.  If another admin disagrees, then by all means, go ahead and delete.  Zoe 07:48, August 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-notable. --Blackcap | talk 06:51, August 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, being the editor for a school newspaper and the vice president of a student council are not by any stretch notable. - Mgm|(talk) 08:06, August 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I would even have sppedied it as nn-bio. --DrTorstenHenning 11:46, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete with no objection to the author having same/similar on their user page. Alf 13:11, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * What? Non-Notable?  But he has "actively participated in various extra-curricular activities of the school"... If this could be moved to his userpage, I'd suggest that.  Otherwise Delete...--Isotope23 14:15, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - not notable - Tεx  τ  urε  16:25, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: Category:Buildings and structures in Indonesia


text:
Talk:Count Felix of Monpezat

Untitled
For a August 2005 deletion debate see Votes for deletion/Prince Felix of Denmark — Preceding unsigned comment added by NSR (talk • contribs) 06:24, 24 August 2005

New picture
I am updateing the picture because he is 13 — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:40:C001:8713:8876:8F3B:AC90:E57B (talk) 23:07, 15 August 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
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A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 10:22, 16 February 2020 (UTC)
 * Prins Felix til Danmark.jpg

title
Why does the article not say "Count of Monpezat" after his name at the beginning like it does for his brothers and first cousins? 2600:1700:BC01:9B0:2404:B60D:957B:F643 (talk) 21:21, 6 November 2021 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Nikolai, Count of Monpezat which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 00:00, 2 January 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Count Felix of Monpezat


text:
Noel Prefontaine

Noel Michael Prefontaine (born December 23, 1973) is a former professional Canadian football punter and placekicker in the Canadian Football League (CFL).

Early years
Prefontaine was born to a French Canadian father and a Vietnamese mother at the Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton in California. His father was born and raised in Verdun, Quebec and Noel lived with his grandmother in Verdun as a child, which enables him to be considered a non-import for CFL purposes. He returned to the United States and attended El Camino High School in San Diego County, California.

Prefontaine played baseball, soccer, and played offensive tackle in American football as a child and continually trained himself to improve as an athlete and at high school, he played quarterback as well as punting and placekicking. He was named San Diego Tribune Athlete of the Year for North County as a senior and led El Camino High School to a 22–2 record and a CIF Championship as their starting quarterback.

Prefontaine hoped to play quarterback in college football but could only obtain a scholarship as a punter at California State University, Fullerton. His punting average his first year led the state but the football program folded at the end of the season. Prefontaine received offers to play for multiple college football teams including Michigan, Michigan State, Georgia, LSU, and Texas but chose to go to Arizona State University because it was close to his family and friends. He was unhappy there, however, and left to go to San Diego State University. After a required redshirt year because of his transfer, he was named All-Conference as a punter in his junior year and first-team All-American as a punter in his senior year.

XFL
In 2001, Prefontaine also played in the XFL with the Los Angeles Xtreme as their punter. He was officially listed as the team's third-string quarterback (behind Tommy Maddox and Scott Milanovich, the latter of whom would eventually become Prefontaine's coach in Toronto) in order to collect a higher salary and because the XFL did not reserve separate roster spots for punters (on the other XFL teams, placekickers doubled as punters). He went on to play in the one and only XFL championship game on April 21, 2001, with the Xtreme, with his team ultimately winning the championship.

CFL
Prefontaine began his CFL career in 1998 with the Toronto Argonauts and spent the next ten seasons with them before getting traded to the Edmonton Eskimos on May 31, 2008, for a first round pick in the 2009 CFL Draft and a conditional draft pick in 2010. On October 12, 2010, Prefontaine was traded back to the Argonauts in exchange for defensive tackle Étienne Légaré and the negotiation rights to defensive back Damaso Munoz. On February 12, 2014, Prefontaine was released by the Argonauts. In his CFL career Prefontaine won the Grey Cup twice, both with the Argonauts, in 2004 and 2012. On August 14, 2014, Prefontaine announced that he will sign a 1-day contract with the Toronto Argonauts on August 17, with the purpose of retiring as an Argonaut. The decision to retire as an Argonaut came despite initial remarks he made in 2008 shortly following his trade to the Eskimos team that he had no desire to retire as an Argonaut, citing bitterness he had toward the organization concerning the trade.

title: Noel Prefontaine


text:
WOBN

WOBN is an American college radio station owned and operated on 97.5 MHz FM by Otterbein University in Westerville, Ohio. The station's studio is located at 33 Collegeview Road and tower is located at Cowan Hall on the campus of Otterbein College.

The station began operations in 1948 as a carrier current AM station with the callsign of WOBC. In 1958, the station's programming moved to the FM band on 91.5 FM. In 1977 the station started stereo broadcasts. In 1983, the station changed frequencies to 105.7 MHz - a frequency located within the current commercial portion of the FM band. In 1989, the FCC required that Otterbein relinquish the commercial frequency to make room for a new commercial station in Marysville (now licensed to Hilliard as WXZX). In 1990, WOBN-FM moved to the frequency of 101.5 MHz. In November 2008 WOBN moved once again to the present frequency of 97.5.

Programming
Because WOBN is a student-run college radio station, its lineup and content change frequently as new students enter and experienced students graduate. In addition to WOBN's formatted music programming, the station's mission statement includes supporting local athletes and early airplay of major and independent label new releases.

WOBN-FM is the voice for all Otterbein football, basketball, and baseball teams, as well as many of Westerville's other local sports.

title: WOBN


text:
Chernyaev

Chernyaev (Черняев) is a Russian masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Chernyaeva. It may refer to
 * Anatoly Chernyaev (1921–2017), Russian historian and writer
 * Irina Cherniaeva (born 1955), Russian pair skater
 * Mikhail Chernyayev (1828–1898), Russian military leader

title: Chernyaev


text:
Talk:Prince Sigismund of Prussia (1864–1866)

Untitled
For a August 2005 deletion debate see Votes for deletion/Prince Sigismund of Prussia

This article ought to be moved to Prince Sigismund of Prussia (1864-1866). This little fellow's nephew, the son of Prince Heinrich, who actually lived to adulthood, is probably more significant. john k 13:27, 1 June 2006 (UTC)

Until the other Prince Sigismund has an article, I don't think that it is an issue. But this article could always be moved to Prince Franz Friedrich Sigismund of Prussia, yes a long title, but that was his full name. Prsgodd e ss187 13:48, 1 June 2006 (UTC)

Yes, but he isn't called Franz Friedrich Sigismund. He was just called Sigismund. That would be a bad title, because it would be misleading, like having Victoria at "Alexandrina Victoria". The dates is a much better way to go. At any rate, this page ought to at least be a disambiguation page, because as it is now a) it implies that this is the only Prince Sigismund; and, more importantly b) any links intended to go to the other Prince Sigismund will go here. john k 22:02, 1 June 2006 (UTC)

This was very confusing when I first read this. I do Royalty genealogy and it confused the heck out of me having 2 people with the same name on the same page. I think it would be easier to understand if we were to split the articles or make more of a seperation or something. I'm still a little confused as to which person was which. Prince Stephen 17:38, 1 January 2007 (UTC)

I fail to see the relevance in the fact that Sigismund was the first of Queen Victoria's grandchildren who died. /Robert Warholm — Preceding unsigned comment added by 217.209.42.235 (talk) 07:46, 15 February 2012 (UTC)


text:
Double Exposure Blackjack

Double Exposure Blackjack (also known as Zweikartenspiel "Two card game") is a variant of the casino game blackjack in which the dealer receives two cards face-up in part of the initial deal. Knowing the dealer's hand provides significant information to the player. To maintain the house edge, the payout when the player receives a natural blackjack is reduced to even money from 3:2, and players lose their bets when their hand is tied with the dealer. In addition, with both dealers' cards exposed at the outset, players cannot buy insurance or surrender their hand.

Other rules changes also exist to the detriment of players. Certain tables restrict doubling down and splitting, and do not allow doubles after splits.

The game was proposed by Richard A. Epstein in 1977, and first appeared at Vegas World in 1979 with rule changes that favored the house.

The basic strategy for this game is different, both because the player can see dealer cards 11 to 20 and because the player loses all ties except blackjacks. For examples, two ten-value cards are split whenever the dealer has 13 through 16, and a hard 19 must be hit if the dealer has a 20.

title: Double Exposure Blackjack


text:
Talk:Count Nikolai of Monpezat

Untitled
For a August 2005 deletion debate see Votes for deletion/Prince Nikolai of Denmark — Preceding unsigned comment added by NSR (talk • contribs) 06:27, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

 * No, this article should not be deleted at all. Prince Nikolai happens to be the first grandchild of Queen Margrethe II and her husband, Prince Henrik. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.208.59.220 (talk • contribs) 07:05, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

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Picture
I think this article should use a more recent photo, such as one of those released by the court for HH's 18th birthday last summer. But I don't know how to do that. Can someone else change the picture? These are the photos one of which I would like to see used: http://kongehuset.dk/foto-video/hh-prins-nikolai-18-aar

Royalcello (talk) 16:50, 10 February 2018 (UTC)royalcello

I agree H.K.H45 (talk) 15:43, 13 January 2023 (UTC)

Joint Custody
I found quite a few Danish articles stating that the parents have joint custody, but I think the most important source is the one I added from the Danish Royal court website. It clearly states the fact. I think this now resolves the issue of citations on the page and perhaps the notice at the top can be removed. I will leave that to others to decide. Geekyroyalaficionado (talk) 12:08, 28 May 2018 (UTC)

Pictures
Some more recent pictures of Prince Nikolai here: https://www.instagram.com/p/B1seyiWgMu_/. Would these be usable in the article? 2angelgoats (talk) 17:10, 5 September 2019 (UTC)

How can you add a picture of the Count can you help. H.K.H45 (talk) 15:28, 13 January 2023 (UTC)

Looking to add up to date photo of His Highness
Can someone tell me how to add a photo H.K.H45 (talk) 13:15, 26 December 2022 (UTC)

Requested move 1 January 2023

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: moved. Clear consensus for the move. (closed by non-admin page mover) echidnaLives  -  talk  -  edits  01:34, 9 January 2023 (UTC)

– See arguments below. Elme12 (talk) 23:36, 1 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Nikolai, Count of Monpezat → Count Nikolai of Monpezat
 * Felix, Count of Monpezat → Count Felix of Monpezat
 * Henrik, Count of Monpezat → Count Henrik of Monpezat
 * Athena, Countess of Monpezat → Countess Athena of Monpezat

It seems reasonable to assume, looking at the cited source, i.e. the Danish Royal Court's announcement, that the name format for this article, and the three articles of his brothers and sister should be the same as what we're using for his grandmother's cousin Count Ingolf of Rosenborg. That name format leaves others free to call him either Count Rosenborg (formally correct for a count of nobility, i.e. a non-royal count) or Count Ingolf (less correct but flattering). Thoughts? --SergeWoodzing (talk) 19:26, 1 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Strong support I am absolutely in favor of moving to “Count Nikolai of Monpezat”, that is in accordance with other counts of European royal families (see Countess Eloise of Orange-Nassau, Count Claus-Casimir of Orange-Nassau and Countess Leonore of Orange-Nassau) and it also seems to be the official format followed by the Danish royal house. Furthermore the current format suggests that they hold a substantive title, which is not the case. When a title is unique and not shared, the style is usually “X, Count of Y”, whilst “Count X of Y”, indicates that it is a non-substantive title that is shared, which is the case here. I have requested the move of the 4 articles. Elme12 (talk) 23:24, 1 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Support as typically the X, Title of Y is used for peers or nobles who hold substantive titles, whereas Nikolai and his siblings hold the title by courtesy. As already mentioned, the move would put them in line with the children of Dutch royals who hold comital titles, and with their own kin who are Counts of Rosenborg. Piratesswoop (talk) 02:23, 2 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Support. These are courtesy titles held by cadets not substantive titles. DrKay (talk) 08:28, 2 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Support. I agree. It seems reasonable. Sirslayercort (talk) 09:17, 2 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Support. As stated above, they do not hold a substantive title (in which there would be only one "The Count of Monpezat" and the format “X, Count of Y” is applicable), but this is instead a nobility title held by all who are entitled to it. In this case, the format "Count X of Y" is the appropriate one. Mr. D. E. Mophon (talk) 12:14, 2 January 2023 (UTC)
 * I am neutral in this discussion, as far as Count Nikolai's Wikipedia entry is concerned.
 * However, I'd point out that the concept of a "substantive title" is an arbitrary term, with no actual dictionary definition. It would likely violate Wikipedia's principle of 'no original research' for Wikipedia itself to erect a definition for 'substantive title'.
 * According to the Wikipedia Talk Page for the entry 'Substantive Title', one possible definition seems to a be a title that is unique, and held by only one individual at a time, as opposed to multiple holders at the same time. According to that definition, 'Count of Monpezat' is a non-substantive title, since it is held by multiple members of the family. But another possible definition of 'substantive title' states that it is a title with a basis in the law ( as opposed to a 'courtesy title', which is defined as one with a basis in traditional or customnary usage, rather than law). Under that definition, 'Count of Monpezat' could be a substantive title, as it was conferred by the Queen of Denmark as an hereditary title for her descendants, and is apparently recognised as such in Danish law. Windemere2 (talk) 10:43, 3 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Whether the definition of “substantive title” is well established or not, there is a difference in Wikipedia page titles between individual titles and shared titles as shown by the mentioned precedents. Leonor, Princess of Asturias holds a substantive (or unique) title, whilst Prince Joachim of Denmark doesn’t (he would otherwise be styled as “Joachim, Prince of Denmark”). I could find no exception to that unwritten convention on Wikipedia. That’s also the rule that seems to be followed by the Almanach de Gotha. Elme12 (talk) 11:31, 3 January 2023 (UTC)
 * 'Leonor, Princess of Asturias' is a unique title for herself alone, and is evidently recognised as so in Spanish law as well. So she can be considered to hold a substantive title.
 * Kongehuset.dk, the official website of the Danish royal family, uses both 'Prince Joachim' (under his photo) and 'Joachim, Prince of Denmark, Count of Monpezat' (in his narrative biography). The website also refers to 'Count Nikolai' under his (Nikolai's) photo, but 'Nikolai.....Count of Monpezat' in his (Nikolai's) narrative biography. It would seem, therefore, that a case could also be made that these are substantive titles, though that might be questionable. It depends upon interpretation of the term 'substantive title'.
 * There doesn't seem to be a clear definition of what constitutes a 'substantive title', and so it might be best to refrain from using that term. However, it might be reasonable to change Nikolai's entry on Wikipedia to 'Count Nikolai of Monpezat' based upon it's being a shared title rather than an individual title, and use 'unique (individual) title' compared to 'shared title' as the Wikipedia standard for such entries. Windemere2 (talk) 16:18, 3 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Comment I agree with most of the arguments made here, but I think I should also point out how the children have been referred to on the official website. For example, the entry for Nikolai reads HE Nikolai William Alexander Frederik Count of Monpezat, is the son of HRH Prince Joachim and HE Alexandra Countess of Frederiksborg. This is similar to the entries on Felix, Henrik, and Athena, where the title follows the name. The same format appears to have been used for the Danish versions as well (1, 2, 3, 4). While this may not necessarily be the correct form of address, it is how the royal household has chosen to refer to them, and on Wikipedia we tend to follow what the sources, even if they occasionally go against the convention (The most recent example being the debate about using either Camilla, Queen Consort or Queen Camilla as a page title). If there are secondary sources that follow the format Count/ess X of Y when referring to these children or if there are instances in which the suggested format has been used on the official website as well, then there would be a strong case for this move. Keivan.f  Talk 21:14, 3 January 2023 (UTC)

I disagree with the move the page as it is now fits with what the royal house of denmark has on there offical page about HE and his siblings H.K.H45 (talk) 11:04, 6 January 2023 (UTC)

The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

Legal base of removal of title and change of identity
Can anyone add to this article a (legal) source underpinning the decision of H.M. the Queen to take away original names and titles of count Nikolai and siblings? Nowhere I could find such a source. I have serious doubt if the Queen had the right to unilaterally take away from her (adult) grandchildren name and identity that they had borne since their birth. There certainly is no ground in the Constitution of Denmark. The right to name and identity is protected by international law. There must be a specific and binding law that has been applied. The Court has claimed that similar changes of name and identity happened in other monarchies, notably the United Kingdom and the Netherlands. In the UK not even princess Diana (after the divorce) and prince Andrew (prince since his birth) were stripped of their princely titles. In the Netherlands not one member of the royal family has ever been stripped of a name and title given by birth. Stating the contrary is untrue. I would very much appreciate a reference to a legal source which justities the Queen’s action. Best regards, Guust Guust van Bisselt (talk) 07:20, 8 January 2023 (UTC)

 * You are right they are still legal prince and princess to denmark as they are in line to the throne they have been asked not to use them that is want prince Nikolai meant when he said in his statement that he will be proud of the years he was ALLOWED to use the title they still retain them H.K.H45 (talk) 11:52, 8 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Titles are given by the Danish monarch without government involvement or any legal basis. Thus the monarch can remove or change them. It is very clear in Queen Margrethe's statement that he is no longer a prince of Denmark. --SergeWoodzing (talk) 00:42, 12 January 2023 (UTC)

The royal act of denmark states that those in line to the throne are prince or princess to danmark they got their titles at birth the ones giving in 2008 were by gift of the queen if you read one of HM statements after she asked for the titles to laspe she said she hoped her wish would be respected H.K.H45 (talk) 12:10, 12 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Do you mean the act of 1953? I can find nothing about titles in it. DrKay (talk) 17:50, 12 January 2023 (UTC)

 * Sorry i was talking about denmarks Grundlov H.K.H45 (talk) 18:35, 12 January 2023 (UTC)
 * There is nothing in the Danish Constitution Grundloven about titles. Queen Margrethe clearly proclaimed last year that these grandchildren are to be styled as Excellency not Royal Highness and that their titles from 2023 are not to be princely. --SergeWoodzing (talk) 19:52, 12 January 2023 (UTC)

 * You don't need a title, at least not according to the law, to be in line for the Danish throne. What is important is your connection to Christian X. Oleryhlolsson (talk) 00:05, 14 January 2023 (UTC)

He never had the style royal highness only Highness H.K.H45 (talk) 22:03, 12 January 2023 (UTC)
 * What to believe about that is not clear and also obsolete now. The fact is that he is longer a prince, thus no longer royal. --SergeWoodzing (talk) 23:35, 13 January 2023 (UTC)

The legal base might be Lex Regia from 1665. Depending on interpretation of the law the article in question could perhaps be Article 25? Oleryhlolsson (talk) 00:11, 14 January 2023 (UTC)

First name or dynastic name?
This article and the articles for his sister and 2 brothers should not now use only the subject's first name in article text as if thery were royalty. It is customary to write encyclopedically about someone in such a position as this by using the dynasty or geographic name at the end of the full name, i.e. Monpezat in this case. I have tried to update the articles a few times accordingly, since their name forms were changed by the sovereign as of January 1, but have been reverted each time. We are now back with an article where the names are given in text as if these children are still royal, which they are not. I will correct this again very soon, unless someone writes something convincing here as to why that should not be done. --SergeWoodzing (talk) 23:46, 13 January 2023 (UTC)
 * PS The Danish royal court is now calling him just "Count Nikolai" in text. Far be it from me to object to that, then, but just "Nikolai" alone will not due in Wikipedia's article text now after after January unless to differentiate him from other family members. "Monpezat" or just "he" would be our best choice. --SergeWoodzing (talk) 00:00, 14 January 2023 (UTC)

 * So far, we have No sources simply refering to him as Monpezat so to adress him like that in the article would be highly unencyclopedic. In Denmark, at least for this generation, I don't expect that "Greve af Monpezat" or simply "af Monpezat" in general would be regarded as 'just' a family name but it would rather be seen as a title. Therefore he will most often be refered to either as "Grev Nikolai" (Count Nikolai) or as "Nikolai, greve af Monpezat" (Nikolai, count of Monpezat). He will most certainly never be adressed as "Hr. af Monpezat" (Mister of Monpezat) or "Hr. Monpezat" (Mister Monpezat). If(?) he follows the example of the daughters of Count Christian he will only use the name Grev Nikolai on his Danish yellow card or his credit cards just as the afromentioned daughters used Komtesse Camilla or Komtesse Josephine on their yellow cards and credit cards (before they got maried). I see the way he is adressed in this article as merely Nikolai throughout most of the text not as an attempt to indicate that he is still royal or a prince, but merely as a way of adressing that he had another status prior to 1 January 2023 that was different from his present status. Therefore when the article comes to descripe him and his life after 1 January 2023 it would be most proper to adress him as "Count Nikolai" which I now have done a single time in the article accordingly. Oleryhlolsson (talk) 00:58, 14 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Technically speaking though, according to the Danish law of names, he has now "af Monpezat" as a name (not merely "Monpezat") and he can pass this name on to any future spouses or children of his and even an unmaried partner, if they have lived together for more than two years or have a common child that also bears this name. The title "Greve" on the other hand can only be passed on to his sons from a legitimate mariage. Oleryhlolsson (talk) 01:09, 14 January 2023 (UTC)

I agree to refer to him as "Count Nikolai" going forward. Also i will not be making anymore edits to H.E page due to a conflict of interest.H.K.H45 (talk) 15:35, 14 January 2023 (UTC)

Earl of Wessex
Shouldn't this be changed now that James is Earl of Wessex and not Prince Edward. 2A00:23C6:4A6:9201:F968:4F26:FB72:7D33 (talk) 03:03, 1 May 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Count Nikolai of Monpezat


text:
John Kelsey

John Kelsey may refer to:

 * John Kelsey (American football), see 1974 NFL draft
 * John Kelsey (artist), American art critic, writer and dealer
 * John Kelsey (cricketer) (1867-1945), English cricketer
 * John Kelsey (cryptanalyst), an American cryptanalyst

title: John Kelsey


text:
User talk:Mar toof!!!

A legendary sacred object created by the ancient civilisation called the Atflegits (a high-tech powerful race of humans that died mysteriously GALLANT UR GAY

title: User talk:Mar toof!!!


text:
Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/Cyclone Catarina seen from the ISS

Cyclone Catarina seen from the ISS

Image of Cyclone Catarina taken by the Astronauts aboard the International Space Station. Previously, a hurricane image was rejected as an FP because it was an image created by a computer, but this is the real deal. Simply put: beautiful. Just look at the amazing detail, such as the shadows of the clouds cast onto the ocean.

 * Nominate and support. - tomf688  06:30, August 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. I'm lost for words! Thelb4 10:46, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Support - Previous candidate with the space station in the foreground was distracting, this one is good. -- Chris 73 Talk 12:11, August 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support - great picture - Adrian Pingstone 20:38, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose.. Maybe if the eye were more centered and the entire storm was in the field of view. --ScottyBoy900Q ∞  03:27, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Support: spectacular. Raven4x4x 09:54, August 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose-- It just doesn't do a good job of showing the storm as a whole. I still like the other one better, despite the fact that a part of the space station was in the photo. TomStar81 02:46, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: I'm not really sure what you mean by the storm not being shown "as a whole". Check this satellite image which seems to have been taken at around the same time; unless you want the clouds that continue for hundreds of miles, I'm not sure how much better it could be. -- tomf688  03:14, August 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * The satellite picture is more of what I look for in a hurricane, it looks more authentic to me, and in my opinion it does a much better job of illistrating Hurricane. TomStar81 01:32, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

TomStar81 04:43, 8 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Support - Great cloud coverage. -- ZeWrestler  Talk 03:39, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Support, we'll probably never have another chance to get a picture of a hurricane in the Southern Atlantic again. At least not from this perspective anytime soon. Tito xd 07:06, 5 September 2005 (UTC)


text: File:Cyclone Catarina from the ISS on March 26 2004.JPG


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Johnny Burns

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Woohookitty 09:49, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

Johnny Burns
Not notable. Article is largely conjecture. Dlyons493 06:33, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom. Dottore So 06:49, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect into Deadwood, South Dakota or, failing that delete. If "Not much is known about him" then there's not enough material to write an article about the guy. - Mgm|(talk) 08:08, August 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * '''Delete as per nominator. --PhilipO 20:01, August 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep or redirect, needs rewrite too! Trollderella 21:17, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, nn Proto t c 08:29, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, non-notable. Nandesuka 13:05, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * merge Roodog2k 17:36, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - not notable - Tεx  τ  urε  16:26, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:Ampakine

Untitled
HT-0712 is not an AMPAkine. It belongs to another drug class called phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors (PDE-4 inhibitor), such as the failed prototypical antidepressant of the late 1980's 'Rolipram'. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.84.76.38 (talk) 06:34, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

I have a question - why there is a brand name added to Modafinil? It sounds a bit like an advertisement. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 85.219.130.242 (talk) 21:59, 28 April 2007 (UTC)

Do Ampakines help against ADHD?
Does it? --134.155.99.42 16:15, 8 May 2007 (UTC)

14-Aug-2012: There are promising tests for ADHD on several compounds but money seems to have run out so don't get your hopes up. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 194.78.152.196 (talk) 09:05, 14 August 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ampakine


text:
M. K. Asante

M. K. Asante (born November 3, 1982) is an American author, filmmaker, recording artist, and professor. He is the author of the 2013 best-selling memoir Buck: A Memoir and the 2024 memoir Nephew: A Memoir in Four-Part Harmony.

Early life and education
Asante was born in Harare, Zimbabwe, and raised in Philadelphia. He is the son of scholar Molefi Kete Asante and choreographer Kariamu Welsh.

Asante is a graduate of The Crefeld School in the Chestnut Hill section of Philadelphia.

He studied film and literature at SOAS University of London. He earned a BA in Africana Studies and English from Lafayette College in Easton, Pennsylvania, and a MFA in screenwriting from UCLA School of Theater Film and Television.

Books
Asante is the author of five books, most notably Buck: A Memoir, a 2013 memoir about his turbulent youth in Philadelphia.

Buck was selected as a Barnes & Noble Discover Great New Writers selection was named to The Washington Post's bestseller list in 2014 and 2015. It was included on the In the Margins Book List in 2014. Poet Maya Angelou, who mentored Asante, described Buck as "a story of surviving and thriving with passion, compassion, wit, and style."

Publishers Weekly announced that Asante's second memoir, Nephew: A Memoir in Four-Part Harmony, would be published by HarperCollins / Amistad Press with an on-sale date of May 21, 2024. Reviewing Nephew, Kirkus Reviews wrote: “This innovative memoir offers provocative commentary on how Black Americans have sung—and might yet sing—their paths to freedom. Passionate, moving, spirited reflections on art’s therapeutic potency.” Library Journal gave Nephew a starred review, stating: "'This poignant memoir about overcoming devastating odds is a treasure and likely to become a classic. Essential reading for deepening understanding of society, the world, familial relationships, and the meaning of art and life.'"

Films
Asante is a Sundance Institute Feature Film Fellow for the movie adaptation of his memoir Buck.

Asante wrote and produced the 2005 documentary 500 Years Later, a documentary about slavery which received the Breaking the Chains Award from UNESCO.

Asante directed and produced The Black Candle (2012), a documentary about Kwanzaa, co-written and narrated by Maya Angelou.

Asante co-wrote the broadcast opening short films for the 2021 NBA Finals on ABC directed by Spike Lee.

Lectures and essays
Asante has delivered Distinguished Lectures at Yale University, Vanderbilt University, and Southern Methodist University. He has delivered commencement addresses at UCLA, University of Wisconsin, Arizona State University, Vassar College, and Harvard University.

Asante is featured in Changing America: 1968 and Beyond, a permanent exhibit at the Smithsonian's National Museum of African American History and Culture.

Asante has written essays on art, Hip Hop, technology, and culture for USA Today, The Huffington Post, San Francisco Chronicle, and The New York Times.

Music
Asante is featured on the song "Bangers", along with Halo, from the album Indie 500 by Talib Kweli and 9th Wonder. In their review of the album, Pitchfork noted that "Asante captures the vibe nicely."

Asante is the founder of Wonderful Sound Studios.

As a songwriter, Asante wrote the lyrics for the 2023-2024 official Monday Night Football anthem, "In the Air Tonight", a cover of song of the same name by Phil Collins, performed by Snoop Dogg, Chris Stapleton, and Cindy Blackman Santana.

Academia
At age 23, Asante joined the faculty of Morgan State University. He received tenure three years later, at age 26. He is currently an associate professor of creative writing and film in the Department of English and Language Arts. In 2017, he was appointed to Distinguished Professor-in-Residence at the MICA (Institute of Strategic Marketing and Communication) in India.

He is the recipient of the 2021 Morgan State University Distinguished Achievement Award.

TV shows
Asante is the host and co-executive producer of While Black with MK Asante, a docuseries produced by Snapchat. While Black with MK Asante takes the stories of America's black youth and gives them a platform in the smartphones of millions of America's teens. While Black with MK Asante has nearly 17 million viewers.

TV performances
On November 30, 2020, he performed and debuted "We the Eagles" on ESPN's Monday Night Football for a live audience of 11.4 million viewers.

On May 29, 2021, he performed and debuted "Skate or D.I.E." at the 2021 Dew Tour Skateboarding Olympic qualifier on NBC.

On October 11, 2021, he co-wrote, co-produced, and starred in the introduction to ESPN's Monday Night Football Week 5 game featuring the Indianapolis Colts vs. the Baltimore Ravens. In the introduction, Asante is backed by the Morgan State University Marching Band; the introduction was viewed by 11.4 million people.

Awards and honors

 * 2002: Jean Corrie Poetry Prize – Academy of American Poets
 * 2005: Best Documentary (500 Years Later) – Pan African Film Festival
 * 2006: Best Int'l Documentary (500 Years Later) – Harlem Int'l Film Festival
 * 2006: Best Documentary (500 Years Later) – Bridgetown Film Festival
 * 2007: Breaking the Chains Award (500 Years Later) – United Nations' UNESCO
 * 2008: Best Documentary (The Black Candle) – Africa World Documentary Film Festival
 * 2009: Langston Hughes Award from the Langston Hughes Society
 * 2009: The Key to the City of Dallas, Texas
 * 2010: Board of director's Best Documentary (Motherland) – Pan African Film Festival
 * 2011: Best Documentary (Motherland) – Zanzibar International Film Festival
 * 2012: Best Director (The Black Candle) – Arkansas Black Film Festival
 * 2012: Outstanding Young Writer – Middle Atlantic Writers Association
 * 2013: Discover Great New Writers (Buck: A Memoir) – Barnes & Noble
 * 2013: Best Book of 2013 (Buck: A Memoir) – Baltimore Magazine
 * 2013: Inspirational Memoir finalist (Buck: A Memoir) – Books for a Better Life Award
 * 2014: Washington Post Bestseller List – Paperback Nonfiction #6 (Buck: A Memoir)
 * 2014: Alex Award finalist (Buck: A Memoir) – American Library Association
 * 2014: TheGrio 100 List – MSNBC The Grio
 * 2014: Feature Film Program Fellow – Sundance Institute
 * 2014: Outstanding Literary Work – Autobiography finalist (Buck: A Memoir) – NAACP Image Awards
 * 2014: In the Margins Book Award (Buck: A Memoir)
 * 2015: Washington Post Bestseller List – Paperback Nonfiction #3 (Buck: A Memoir)
 * 2016: Chancellor's Medallion – Fayetteville State University
 * 2017: Distinguished Professor-in-Residence – MICA (Institute of Strategic Marketing and Communication)
 * 2018: Great Stories Club – American Library Association (Buck: A Memoir)
 * 2019: Lifetime Achievement Award – Muslim-Christian Alliance of Philadelphia
 * 2020: Best in Social Activism (Finalist) – Shorty Awards (While Black with MK Asante)
 * 2020: Short Form Series (Nomination) Critics' Choice Real TV Awards (While Black with MK Asante)
 * 2021: Presidential Citation – MSU Distinguished Achievement Award – Morgan State University
 * 2024: Sports EMMY for Outstanding Opening/Tease – "In the Air" Monday Night Football – Sports Emmy Awards - National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences

Books

 * Like Water Running Off My Back (Africa World Press, 2002)
 * Beautiful. And Ugly Too (Africa World Press, 2005)
 * It's Bigger Than Hip Hop (St. Martin's Press, 2008)
 * Buck: A Memoir (Spiegel & Grau / Penguin Random House, 2013)
 * Nephew: A Memoir in Four-Part Harmony (Amistad / HarperCollins, 2024)

Films

 * 500 Years Later (2005)
 * The Black Candle (2008)
 * Buck (in development)

TV shows

 * While Black with MK Asante (2019–)
 * Free Tuition with MK Asante (2020–)

Songwriter

 * 2023: "In the Air Tonight" – Snoop Dogg, Chris Stapleton, Cindy Blackman Santana (Produced by Dave Cobb) (Written by Phil Collins and MK Asante)

Albums

 * 2015: Buck: Original Book Soundtrack by MK Asante

Singles

 * 2013: "The Color Grey" – Bishop Lamont ft. Mykisha Thomas and MK Asante (produced by Chris Noxx)
 * 2014: "My Victory" – MK Asante ft. Maya Angelou (produced by J Dilla)
 * 2014: "The Bulletin" – MK Asante ft. Uzi (produced by Faze Miyake)
 * 2015: "Young Bucks" – MK Asante ft. Mez (Produced by J-Mac and Commissioner Gordon)
 * 2020: "We the Eagles" – MK Asante (Produced by Mez)
 * 2021: "Skate or D.I.E." – MK Asante (Produced by The Brightness)

Features

 * 2013: "Godz N The Hood" – Ras Kass ft. Bishop Lamont, MK Asante and Talib Kweli (produced by Chris Noxx)
 * 2015: "Rap Psalms" – MK Asante ft. Narcy (Produced by Thanks Joey)
 * 2015: "Bangers" – MK Asante and Halo (Produced by Nottz)
 * 2016: "Runnin" – Ace Clark ft. MK Asante (Produced by Scarecrow Beats)

title: M. K. Asante


text:
Scarface (Push It to the Limit)

"Scarface (Push It to the Limit)" is a song written by Giorgio Moroder and Pete Bellotte and performed by American singer Paul Engemann. It appeared on the soundtrack for the 1983 motion picture Scarface. The song appears in the film in the montage sequence that demonstrates Tony Montana's rise in wealth and position after he kills Frank Lopez (Robert Loggia) and takes over as the head cocaine trafficker in Miami. In the film, the song appeared in a slightly longer version, featuring a guitar solo during the instrumental break. This version was eventually released on a 12-inch single LP with the guitar solo included.

Composition
The song is composed with a tempo of 156 beats per minute, and is structured in the key of C minor. The drums are made with a LinnDrum drum machine.

In other media
"Push It to the Limit" has been employed as a montage song for underdog or dark horse characters, such as in the South Park episode "Up the Down Steroid" (in a techno format remixed by Moroder himself), and in the  It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia episode entitled "Mac's Big Break". A variation of this theme is used in a montage for the American Dad! episode "The Adventures of Twill Ongenbone and His Boy Jabari". Similarly, the 2009-2010 Britvic advert for 'Drench' bottled water features the song while a goldfish remembers its way through a maze. It is also the entrance song for German boxer Ralf Riemer.
 * It appears on the 2001 video game Grand Theft Auto III on one of its available in-game radio stations, Flashback FM (Flashback 95.6), along with four other songs from the Scarface film soundtrack.
 * It is featured in the official Scarface game, Scarface: The World is Yours.
 * It is sampled in the song "Push It" by Rick Ross and remixed by Australian drum and bass artist Phetsta.
 * The chorus was performed by Jamey Jasta in Necro's "Push it to the Limit" from the album The Pre-Fix for Death.
 * It is often used with the Internet meme Safety Not Guaranteed.
 * The song also appeared in the South Park episode "Up the Down Steroid".
 * An homage to the song, called "Break the Rules", written and composed by Simon Viklund, with vocals performed by Phil Bardowell, is used in the game Payday 2, as part of its Scarface DLC Packs.
 * The song appeared in It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia's season 6 episode "Mac's Big Break".
 * It was covered by Finnish heavy metal band Battle Beast on their album Unholy Savior.
 * The song can be heard in the animated sitcom American Dad, in the season 8 episode "The Adventures of Twill Ongenbone and His Boy Jabari", during a montage where Roger prepares to run a marathon.
 * It was parodied in Sonic Boom, when Sonic and his friends chase the "Bike-Chain Bandit" in the episode "Planes, Trains and Dude-Mobiles". An instrumental of the song also appeared in "Sole Power", within a training compilation featuring Sonic and Tails.
 * It was used in the 2nd season, episode 4 of the Netflix series Stranger Things, but has since been removed.
 * In season 1 episode 2 of the animated series El Cartel de los Burritos, midway through the episode a parody version performed by Los Vikingos del Norte which was renamed "Dealer" can be heard with its musical structure rearranged into typical northern Mexican Narcocorrido style.
 * The song is used since the 2022 F1 season by Sky Sport F1 (Italy) during the pause of live coverage of qualifying session between Q2 and Q3, when the commentator Matteo Bobbi describes the track using an onboard fast lap.
 * In the film Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Mutant Mayhem, the song is used during a montage where Splinter trains the turtles as babies. The song is reused during the scene where Splinter rescues the turtles from TCRI.
 * It is featured in The Simpsons on the couch gag.
 * It is featured in Knuckles in episode 5.

title: Scarface (Push It to the Limit)


text:
Fassett

Fassett may refer to:

People

 * Cornelia Adele Strong Fassett (1831–1898), American painter
 * Francis H. Fassett (1823–1908), American architect
 * Jacob Sloat Fassett (1853–1924), American politician and businessman
 * Kaffe Fassett (born 1937), American textile artist
 * Norman Carter Fassett (1900–1954), botanist with author abbreviation Fassett

Places

 * Fassett, Pennsylvania, United States
 * Fassett, Quebec, Canada
 * Fassett Square, in Dalston, London Borough of Hackney, England

title: Fassett


text:
Arno Surminski

Arno Surminski (born 20 August 1934 in Jäglack, East Prussia) is a German writer, living in Hamburg, a father of three and a grandfather of 8.

After growing up in East Prussia, his parents were deported to the Soviet Union, while he was expelled to Schleswig-Holstein. Having finished his school education there, he was apprenticed to a lawyer from 1950 to 1953.

He lived in Canada from 1957 to 1960, but then came back to Germany, where he worked for an insurance company from 1962 until 1972.

Since 1972, apart from writing, he has been working as a journalist, specialising in economy and insurance. His fame is mainly due to his novels, the principal themes of which are his recollections of a happy childhood and the fate of the deportees; he has no interest however in revenge, but only wants to preserve his childhood memories. Several of his books were used for TV productions.

Since 2001, he has been working as an ombudsman in the field of health insurance.

Books by Surminski

 * Jokehnen oder Wie lange fährt man von Ostpreußen nach Deutschland? ISBN 3-550-08328-9
 * Aus dem Nest gefallen
 * Kudenow oder An fremden Wassern weinen
 * Fremdes Land oder Als die Freiheit noch zu haben war
 * Wie Königsberg im Winter
 * Polninken oder Eine deutsche Liebe
 * Grunowen oder das vergangene Leben
 * Gewitter im Januar
 * Malojawind. Eine Liebesgeschichte
 * Aus dem Leben eines Buchhändlers
 * Das dunkle Ende des Regenbogens
 * Damals in Poggenwalde
 * Kein schöner Land
 * Besuch aus Stralsund
 * Sommer 44 oder Wie lange fährt man von Deutschland nach Ostpreußen?
 * Die masurischen Könige
 * Eine gewisse Karriere
 * Die Kinder von Moorhusen
 * Der Winter der Tiere
 * Vaterland ohne Väter
 * Gruschelke und Engelmanke
 * Die Vogelwelt von Auschwitz, ISBN 978-3-7844-3126-0
 * Das alte Ostpreussen

Awards

 * 1978 Andreas Gryphius Prize
 * 1982 Kulturpreis der Landsmannschaft Ostpreußen für Literatur
 * 1993 Hamburger Bürgerpreis
 * 2001 Lessing-Ring zusammen mit dem Kulturpreis der deutschen Freimaurer
 * 2004 Friedrich-Schiedel-Literaturpreis der Stadt Bad Wurzach; Biermann-Ratjen-Medaille der Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg
 * 2008 Hannelore Greve Literature Prize

title: Arno Surminski


text:
Limbeck

Limbeck is an American rock band that formed in Laguna Niguel, California, in 1999. The group featured Robb MacLean on lead vocals and guitar, Patrick Carrie guitar and backing vocals, Justin Entsminger on bass, and Jon Phillip, who replaced Matthew Stephens on drums in 2005. Their sound was a mix of alternative country with pop punk origins.

Their first album, This Chapter Is Called Titles, was released in 2000. Their sound had shifted by the release of Hi, Everything's Great in 2003 to showcase a more country-indebted sound. The group toured heavily, often supporting or touring alongside bands such as Motion City Soundtrack and the All-American Rejects. Their third album, Let Me Come Home saw release in 2005, and the band issued their final, self-titled release in 2007. Though the band largely ceased touring and recording by 2010, they have continued to reunite for several shows and mini-tours.

Background
The band's name comes from the (misspelled) name of a character on the television show Charles in Charge, Buddy Lembeck. The group claimed to be influenced by Fleetwood Mac, Wilco, The Beach Boys, Tom Petty, Ryan Adams, Beck, ELO, Big Star, Queen, The Replacements, The Beatles, Old 97's and The Flying Burrito Brothers.

While classified as indie rock due to their relatively small niche in Southern California, the band's musical style has also been described as alternative country music. Their style has been likened to that of Old 97's, Ryan Adams, and Teenage Fanclub. Their original sound was very power pop and emo inspired, as heard in their early releases, including This Chapter Is Called Titles. Slowly, the band became more and more alt. country influenced and changed their sound almost entirely with their release of Hi, Everything's Great. By the end of their time as a band, Limbeck had all but abandoned their early songs, rarely playing this material live, if ever.

The band titled the 2005 album Let Me Come Home in part as a reaction to critics frequently saying that the previous album, Hi, Everything's Great, was a "road-trip album".

The band has discussed the influence of their lengthy tours upon their music. Limbeck has toured the US several times, including as opening act for The All-American Rejects in 2003. They also opened for the band during their UK tour in 2004 together with Motion City Soundtrack. Geography plays a role in the band's recordings: several songs name interstate highways known to Orange County and San Diego County residents, such as I-8, CA-22, and I-15.

In 2000, the band was featured in an iMac commercial. The commercial featured the iMac video editing software in which the band created a music video under the name Garage Monkeys.

The band never officially broke up, though each of the members have since moved on to other projects: Carrie & MacLean are still in Southern California, where they've started a new group called The Young Dudes; Entsminger is playing bass for Source Victoria in Phoenix, Arizona; and Jon Phillip relocated to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, where he started a record label called Good Land Records, but moved to Nashville, TN in 2015. In 2011, Jonny joined Milwaukee, WI band Trapper Schoepp & The Shades, but left the band in late 2014. JP is currently attending school to become a substance abuse counselor, does studio recording, and plays drums for Josh Berwanger of the Anniversary.

In December 2012, Limbeck reunited for the "Holidaze with Limbeck" tour. The tour included three shows in California and a show in Phoenix, Arizona. Reubens Accomplice and Trapper Schoepp and The Shades opened the shows. On March 4, 2016, Limbeck played Phoenix, AZ at the Rebel Lounge to celebrate 15 years of doing shows with Psyko Steve. In September 2016, Limbeck played 5 shows out west with their past tour buddies Piebald. The tour brought them to San Francisco, Anaheim, Los Angeles, San Diego, and Phoenix.

On Oct 9, 2017, Doghouse Records announced that Limbeck's 2007 album Limbeck, will be reissued by the end of the year, to celebrate its 10-year anniversary. The album will come out on LP and digital format, and will feature updated artwork by Jesse LeDoux, a full remaster, and contain demos and b-sides from that era.

Legacy
Limbeck's pioneering mix of alt-country and emo proved influential on a host of musicians, even if it did not equate to mainstream success. Chris Carrabba of Dashboard Confessional has suggested "Limbeck's legacy can be heard clearly in bands like the Gaslight Anthem, the Menzingers, the Front Bottoms and in garage-fueled anthems from far and wide." Matty Healy of British group the 1975 has remarked that he "loved" Limbeck, mentioning them as an influence on the song "Roadkill" from their 2020 album Notes on a Conditional Form.

Studio albums

 * This Chapter Is Called Titles (2000)
 * Hi, Everything's Great (2003)
 * Let Me Come Home (2005)
 * Limbeck (2007)

EPs

 * The Skiball Champs EP (1999)
 * Connection EP (2000)
 * Tour Support EP (2003)
 * Limbeck/Motion City Soundtrack 7" Split (2004)
 * Tour EP (2006)

Live

 * Hey, Everything's Fine. (2004)
 * The Delicacy of Living Modestly (2008)

Singles

 * "Julia"
 * "People Don't Change"
 * "The State" - iTunes exclusive digital single
 * "Big Drag" (2007), Doghouse - b/w "Home (Is Where the Van Is)", "Let's Talk About the Weather"
 * "Let Me Come Home" (2008)

Compilations

 * A Tribute to Tom Petty: Pacific Ridge Record's Heroes of Classic Rock - "The Apartment Song"
 * Sound Relief Volume One: From CA to NYC - "Why Don't You Just Leave Already? (Dance Remix)"
 * We're Not Generation X (out of print)
 * Sound Relief Volume One: From CA to NYC - "Why Don't You Just Leave Already? (Dance Remix)"
 * Doghouse 100 - "Don't Turn Around, She's Not Worth It"
 * ¡Policia! - A Tribute to the Police - "So Lonely"
 * Paupers, Peasants, Princes & Kings: The Songs of Bob Dylan - "Tonight, I'll Be Staying Here With You"

title: Limbeck


text:
User talk:Ross2004

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title: User talk:Ross2004