text:
WXJM

WXJM (88.7 FM) is an American non-commercial educational radio station licensed to serve Harrisonburg, Virginia, United States. The station, established in 1990, is owned and operated by James Madison University. The station's broadcast license is held by the James Madison University Board of Visitors.

WXJM station management reports to the JMU Media Board, which is under the jurisdiction of the University Board of Visitors. WXJM also receives guidance and technical support from WMRA.

Coverage
WXJM broadcasts a variety music format to the greater Harrisonburg metropolitan area. WXJM's tower and antenna sits atop Burruss Hall on the JMU campus. The station operates with an effective radiated power (ERP) of 390 watts. Although the local-grade (60 dBu) contour of the station is about 6 mi, it can be heard with a good radio in Staunton, which is approximately 20 mi southwest of the station.

History
The forerunner of WXJM was the audio stream played over a few James Madison University campus buildings' public address systems to give interested students some practice with broadcasting. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the "Dining Hall DJ's" advocated for airborne-broadcast capability. Early planners sought a callsign of WJMR for (W) James Madison Radio but were dismayed to learn that the letters were already taken by an existing station in Wisconsin, WJMR-FM.

The Board of Visitors of James Madison University filed an application with the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to construct a new FM radio station in March 1988. This station would broadcast with 260 watts of effective radiated power from an antenna 14.5 m in height above average terrain (HAAT). The FCC granted the original construction permit for this new station on September 1, 1989, with a scheduled expiration date of March 1, 1991.

The station was assigned the callsign "WZJM" by the FCC on October 31, 1989. Just a few weeks later, on November 17, 1989, this was changed to the current "WXJM" callsign. FM radios could pick up the signal, but reception off-campus was seldom possible.

In March 1990, the station sought an upgrade to an ERP of 390 watts and an antenna HAAT of 20 m. The FCC authorized these changes in July 1990. In October 1990, the station was nearing completion and asked the FCC to allow it to lower its antenna slightly to 19 m in HAAT.

On October 10, 1990, WXJM applied for its license to cover. After the authorized modifications to the antenna were completed, the FCC granted the station its broadcast license on August 6, 1991.

Some of the early student radio announcers banded together in a club called the "Freak Possie". The radio Freaks turned media arts class performance-art projects into pickets and absurdist attention-getting events to get publicity and to advocate for a stronger off-campus broadcast capability. Events included mass weddings to bananas and speeches by fursuit-wearing performers including a Three-Eyed Antlered Pig who mocked the university's official mascot, the Duke Dog.

In 2003, WXJM was levied a $3,000 forfeiture by the FCC due to public file documents which were "either filed late or are missing". The FCC declared the matter resolved with a notice of apparent liability in February 2008.

WXJM web-streaming started circa 2005. WXJM's original slogan, "Music Your Mother Won't Like", changed circa 2006 to "Electrifying Wilson Hall".

In May 2011, WXJM enhanced its overnight broadcast automation capability so that when live announcers are not present, listeners hear Bluegrass music provided by Possum Music Service instead of dead air.

MACRoCk
Every spring since 1997, WXJM helps support the Mid-Atlantic College Radio Conference (MACRoCk) at various venues in and around Harrisonburg. Some MACRoCks have drawn over 100 bands and over 4,000 concertgoers.

title: WXJM


text:
Talk:Union Pearson Express

Stub
This article looks to be beyond the stub stage. Thoughts? David Henderson 02:34, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Agreed. I'll remove it. Mindmatrix 18:05, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

$22
The Express bus, from the Royal York hotel, used to (still?) costs about $20. I wonder if the 22 in its title could be a clue as to what a trip on this new route will cost? Lol. -- Geo Swan 17:29, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

17%
Has anyone done any research on this 17% stat (the alleged percentage of people who use Pearson who travel downtown)? It might be completely accurate, but I have always been a little suspicious of the way it is used -- no one ever seems to look behind the stat, or consider its relevance. For example:
 * How is "downtown" defined?
 * I assume that the % is based on people whose trips start and end at Pearson, and is not based on all those who happen to pass through the facility (i.e does not include those switching planes). I wouldn't mind having that assumption confirmed, however, because otherwise the # is meaningless.
 * What are comparable statistics for existing airport rail links? What % of people using Heathrow or Gatwick, for example, head to central London?  Given that people all over England drive to those airports, I'd be curious to know those figures.  Any North American stats (off the top of my head, I am having trouble thinking of a NA airport with a direct-to-downtown rail link)? The 17% is really only relevant in context.  Skeezix1000 18:52, 4 January 2006 (UTC)

 * There are a number of NA examples. BART in San Francisco, California, SEPTA in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, The T in Boston, Massachusetts, MARTA in Atlanta, Georgia, The L in Chicago, Illinois, and the Washington Metro in Washington, DC come to mind. This link places airport rail ride share for these systems in the range of around 4-15%. (Ride share is defined by the % of passengers who get to the airport by rail.) Washington has the highest ride share (at 15%). One caveat: these numbers are fairly old (dating back to 1992). Darkcore 06:36, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

 * There is a rail link from the NY city subway to one of the New York airports -- JFK if I am not mistaken. I remember being struck by the difference in cost between that link and the Blue22 proposal.  IIRC it cost $9 billion USD.  FWIW it was a separate fee.  FWIW it uses Bombardier rolling stock.  IIRC there is a rail link to the Newark airport, which, although it is in NJ is also used by NYC air passengers.  Geo Swan (talk) 19:19, 4 October 2009 (UTC)

Doesn't it travel every 7 minutes, not 15? --64.231.54.184 16:01, 3 July 2006 (UTC)

Four Budd cars? Or just three?
The article currently says the system will use four old Budd cars. I am sure I read it was going to use just three.

Ottawa Transit's experiment with light rail is initially using new German diesel cars on an existing rail line. My understanding is that if the experiment is seen to be a success then it will be replaced with a wider net of electrified rail vehicles on a separate right of way. That might make the German vehicles available. They are much newer than the 50 year old Budds, and would make the service more attractive.

Cheers! Geo Swan (talk) 03:35, 27 February 2008 (UTC)

Stops at Bloor and Lawrence? Or stops at Bloor and Eglinton?
It would make more sense to have an intermediate stop at the new Weston Road LRT station. I visited the site of the new station, in April, the day the first Tunnel Boring Machine was slated to start. I took a couple of dozen pictures. There is no GO station there now, but the plan is that the LRT station will include 15 bus bays and a GO station.

Mind you the LRT isn't scheduled to be finished until 2020. Geo Swan (talk) 20:38, 8 September 2013 (UTC)
 * There is a planned GO station at Eglinton, but nothing concrete. This article is only reflecting the facts in front of us. -- Natural  R X 03:05, 9 September 2013 (UTC)

Load at the Skywalk?
The article currently says the loading platform at Union will be near the Skywalk. Jeez louise, that doesn't make sense. Passengers transferring from the TTC or from a GO train or GO bus will have a long walk to the platform -- about a third of a kilometer.

Why isn't platform 1 of the existing GO terminal turned over to the Pearson Express? Geo Swan (talk) 20:38, 8 September 2013 (UTC)
 * Please be aware that Wikipedia talk pages are not general discussion pages about the subject of the article. I would suggest checking out the Canadian Public Transit Discussion Board or something similar instead. Thank you. -- Natural  R X 03:12, 9 September 2013 (UTC)

 * Woah there!

 * The claim that the express will load at the Skywalk is completely unreferenced. I suggest this makes it relevant to discuss here.  I've added a cn.  If no one adds a reference I sugges this claim be removed altogether.  Geo Swan (talk) 03:04, 10 September 2013 (UTC)

 * I know that you know that the first platform is numbered 3. You've taken photographs there. The "departure lounge" in the Skywalk, or whatever they think they are creating, will be at the west end of that platform, and will segretate the high-flyers from the plebeian GO Train commuters. Look at the construction hoarding for the location. The trains will still use Union Station. Secondarywaltz (talk) 03:48, 10 September 2013 (UTC)

 * I'll check, next time I am here, if I remember. If asked, I would have said that platform is the one that bridge Bay Street, and connects the GO trains with the GO Bus station.  Geo Swan (talk) 06:25, 10 September 2013 (UTC)
 * That's it. Same one. You can enter at the bus station, cross Bay Steet, walk west along the platform, cross York Street, and exit at the Skywalk. Secondarywaltz (talk) 14:14, 10 September 2013 (UTC)

Well, now we know it's correct. The UP platforms are west of York St., off the Skywalk, and they are an awfully long walk from the subway platforms if you're in a hurry or have luggage. --70.49.171.136 (talk) 03:10, 1 July 2015 (UTC)

Route map
The map in the infobox was created with lighter shades on the then-proposed parts of the route. Now that the line is up and running, these should be fully coloured, but I don't know enough about the templates to figure this out. Could someone who knows their way around these things please make an update? Radagast (talk) 18:55, 12 June 2015 (UTC)
 * OK - Done. Secondarywaltz (talk) 19:43, 12 June 2015 (UTC)

The map showing GO and TTC connections is missing the Yonge-University subway line! Also it should say TTC "rapid transit" or "subway" connections, as buses and streetcars are not shown (and in my opinion should not be). --70.49.171.136 (talk) 03:12, 1 July 2015 (UTC)

Qualification
"It is the first dedicated airport rail link service in North America (compared to urban rail transit or commuter rail connections used elsewhere)."

 * Can someone explain to me the qualification in this sentence? It seems awfully specific.  I guess I can see how the service may not be the former, since it's not part of the TTC or GO, though, I'm not sure why that would much matter as I'd think the capacity, speed, etc...of such a service would be very similar regardless of the operator.  But, it's also not a part of some national system like Via, either, and would almost seem closer to the concept of a commuter service, in which case the only difference is that it's not operate by GO.  I guess what I'm saying is that it seems like an awfully specific - maybe overly so - qualification.  Can someone explain to me why this service is unique to North American in a way that justifies the kind of superlative used to describe it? --Criticalthinker (talk) 09:49, 23 August 2015 (UTC)

Operating Speed
Someone has changed the operating speed item in the info box to "90 km/h". This is blatantly false since trains routinely operate at upwards of 125 km/h. I have reverted the value to the previous 145 km/h (which may not be correct either, but is at least documented and theoretically possible).

When I recorded the train speed on-board with GPS, I found it to be cruising at around 128 km/h (80 mph) for much of the line, and my trackside measurements yielded similar results. Of course, primary research is not a valid source on Wikipedia so I can't cite that. I seem to recall that during the opening speech the top speed was cited as 130 km/h, but I can't find a source for that. If anyone could find a more recent source for the maximum operating speed, it would be greatly appreciated.Reaperexpress (talk) 03:28, 27 November 2015 (UTC)

 * Most subs (and probably Weston) have speed limits of 90 mph = 145 km/h. Someone must be mistaken. I wouldn't know where a reliable source is, it's just common knowledge for me. -- Natural  R X 19:39, 27 November 2015 (UTC)

Fare information section
Why is there such a large table of fares in this article? Some editors would argue, and I would tend to agree, that such a detailed fare table should not be included in the article because Wikipedia is not a travel guide.WP:NOTTRAVEL I also wonder whether the inclusion of so much fare detail furthers the opinion of some that the fares are to high. I would suggest that the table be removed and instead only basic fare information be provided in the article - which seems to be the norm for similar North American transit articles.FFM784 (talk) 18:16, 19 January 2016 (UTC)
 * I agree. See also Wikipedia:Too much detail. Be bold and get rid of it! Secondarywaltz (talk) 18:20, 19 January 2016 (UTC)
 * Also agreed. I made the original table, which was simplified still from the convoluted thing UP originally released. Seems felt it was necessary to add to it. If you can simplify further, I join Secondarywaltz's call for you to be bold! -- Natural   R X 18:39, 19 January 2016 (UTC)
 * Well that is the problem. The information will keep changing so it is not encyclopedic except for a comparison of the fare from the airport to downtown Toronto with other air-rail links. A link to the Fares section of the Website will always give the current fare. Chop the table out completely! Secondarywaltz (talk) 19:08, 19 January 2016 (UTC)
 * I am happy for it to be removed - I only updated it because the information was out of date (wasn't setting out to expand it, but they added elements to the fare structure)DiligentDavidG (talk) 21:22, 19 January 2016 (UTC)
 * Done.FFM784 (talk) 22:48, 19 January 2016 (UTC)

Underground sections?
How many km of this is underground?

Could that info be put in the article. And hopefully update the map to show the tunnel portals like the High Speed 2 in England. 116.240.138.221 (talk) 09:52, 27 January 2016 (UTC)

 * I have made a significant revision to the route diagram template to show multiple features and connections that were missing. -- Natural  R X 17:15, 27 January 2016 (UTC)
 * Fair enough, but stop adding details of lines that have no hard planning. You only became aware of a proposed extension of the Eglinton Crosstown a couple of days ago. Nothing to say that it will not change again before it's final implementation decades from now. Secondarywaltz (talk)

"Alternatives" section
Would anyone be opposed if I cut down the "Alternatives" section greatly and put in a link to Toronto Pearson International Airport instead? I get what it's trying to do, but that belongs on wikitravel or some other tourism or city guide site, not in an encyclopedia, and Pearson's Ground Transportation section should be doing the comparisons if any.

I'd normally be bold but my anon edit to change Uber from "Ride-sharing" to "Ride-hailing" (matching the first sentence of Uber (company) got reverted so I presume this might be controversial. --user:Qviri 20:40, 11 February 2016 (UTC)

 * I would agree. Most of these details have nothing directly related to UPE. You correctly categorize the information as being about Pearson Airport ground transportation. I say that you should go ahead. Secondarywaltz (talk) 20:52, 11 February 2016 (UTC)

 * C'mon man! You can't just eradicated the background history that includes the Airport Express bus, which was the only direct transit service from downtown Toronto for many years. Secondarywaltz (talk) 21:09, 11 February 2016 (UTC)

 * The section was named "Alternatives", not "Background history of transit service from downtown Toronto" nor "Comparison between then and now". I also merged the most important bit of it into Toronto Pearson International Airport. I would still say that paragraph does not belong in this article at all. Maybe we should add "Past transit service to the airport" section, but then the question is going to be why is it in the UPX article and not the Pearson article? I would say this article should be about a specific train to the airport, not all of service history. --user:Qviri 16:19, 15 February 2016 (UTC)
 * It should be mentioned somewhere that an Express Bus preceded the current Express Train service. That is relevant. Where do we stick it? I don't know. 16:50, 15 February 2016 (UTC)

Family Day Weekend 2016
The article should mention Family Day Weekend 2016, when it became free. Johnny Au (talk/contributions) 13:47, 16 February 2016 (UTC)
 * Here is a reference to start things off: http://www.thestar.com/news/gta/transportation/2016/02/15/more-than-28000-take-advantage-of-free-upx-rides-this-weekend.html Johnny Au  (talk/contributions) 02:41, 17 February 2016 (UTC)
 * ✅ Johnny Au  (talk/contributions) 02:52, 19 March 2016 (UTC)

UPX Fares
Here https://news.ontario.ca/mto/en/2016/02/ontario-lowering-fares-for-union-pearson-express-riders.html is the Ministry of Transportation announcement. Secondarywaltz (talk) 20:47, 23 February 2016 (UTC)
 * That has already been added. It would be good to mention the Family Day weekend, when it was free.   Johnny Au  (talk/contributions) 03:00, 6 March 2016 (UTC)
 * No! The fares have not been fully updated and referenced, due to a teeny tiny edit war. Secondarywaltz (talk) 15:30, 6 March 2016 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the clarification. Johnny Au  (talk/contributions) 17:25, 6 March 2016 (UTC)

GO Merger
I see you were bold in your changes, but we have two news stories reporting on plans for a merger, but nothing official to confirm it has actually occurred or is occuring. I'm kind of concerned you guys moved too fast on this one, and that as written, fails WP:CITE. Could you consider revisions to reflect what the cited sources actually say? -- Natural  R X 18:42, 10 May 2016 (UTC)
 * For what it's worth. I had initially integrated s-rail supporting templates for color, lines and stations with the GO Transit system, since I did not think it was worth creating single use templates for UPE. All the stations are the same except at the airport. I brought them back. The redundant Navbox was not used in any of the trivial articles mentions - only the stations. What's your problem with that? Secondarywaltz (talk) 19:08, 10 May 2016 (UTC)
 * I guess my issue isn't with that, just the writing in the article. I thought you had a bigger part in it, my bad. -- Natural  R X 19:13, 10 May 2016 (UTC)
 * I happen to know that the merger is occurring, so I suppose I was a bit liberal with the sources. But you are entirely correct, the sources do not announce the change with certainty, so I should not have made the change yet.  I will modify the text based on the uncertainty until we can find a source that confirms that the merger has occurred. Reaperexpress (talk) 23:18, 11 May 2016 (UTC)
 * Me, I would wait until UPX's merger with GO Transit is confirmed. Johnny Au  (talk/contributions) 02:06, 14 May 2016 (UTC)

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EPA
"UP Express uses diesel multiple unit (DMU) trains that meet United States Environmental Protection Agency Tier 4 emission standards."

Is there a reason that this is listed as a fact for a rail service in Canada? What does the EPA have to do with a project in Toronto? --Criticalthinker (talk) 17:53, 24 October 2016 (UTC)
 * Canada aligns with EPA emission standards for all off-road diesel engines or machines; there are no Canadian standalone equivalents to date. -- Natural  R X 19:49, 24 October 2016 (UTC)
 * Wow, didn't know that. Thanks for this information.  --Criticalthinker (talk) 08:39, 25 October 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Union Pearson Express


text:
User talk:KenoSarawa

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

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Week of Aug 15
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After contributing to a number of wikipedia entries, I have finally decided to create my own account. Today, I created a page for Hogwarts First Year list of supplies, a piece of information from the Harry Potter series of novels I felt was sorely missing.

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Ori battlecrusier
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title: User talk:KenoSarawa


text:
Abhurite

Abhurite is a mineral of tin, oxygen, hydrogen, and chlorine with the formula Sn21O6(OH)14Cl16 or Sn3O(OH)2Cl2. It is named after its type locality, a shipwreck with tin ingots at Sharm Abhur, a cove near Jeddah in the Red Sea. Abhurite forms alongside other tin minerals like romarchite and cassiterite.

Locality and formation
Abhurite is attributed for forming on tin materials when in contact with sea water. The mineral was described in 1977 from a shipwreck near Hidra Island, Norway, where it occurred on pewter plates. However, that report was not recognized by the International Mineralogical Association. Along with Sharm Abhur and the shipwreck near Hidra Island, abhurite was found on tin ingots in the Uluburun shipwreck. On the ingots, it was found with other tin minerals like cassiterite and romarchite, and calcium carbonate minerals like calcite and aragonite.

title: Abhurite


text: User talk:68.62.239.0

title: User talk:68.62.239.0


text:
Eastern deer mouse

Peromyscus maniculatus is a rodent native to eastern North America. It is most commonly called the eastern deer mouse; when formerly grouped with the western deer mouse (P. sonoriensis), it was referred to as the North American deermouse and is fairly widespread across most of North America east of the Mississippi River, with the major exception being the lowland southeastern United States.

Like other Peromyscus species, it can be a vector and carrier of emerging infectious diseases such as hantaviruses and Lyme disease.

It is closely related to Peromyscus leucopus, the white-footed mouse.

Overview
The species in its former broad sense had 61 subspecies, but some of these now belong to P. sonoriensis. They are all tiny mammals that are plentiful in number. The deer mouse is a small rodent that lives in eastern North America and is closely related to the white-footed mouse, Peromyscus leucopus. Because the two species are extremely similar in appearance, they are best distinguished through red blood cell agglutination tests or karyotype techniques. The deer mouse can also be distinguished physically by its long and multicolored tail. Deer mice are very often used for laboratory experimentation due to their self cleanliness and easy care.

Physical description
The eastern deer mouse is small in size, only 3 to 4 in long, not including the tail. They have large beady eyes and large ears giving them good sight and hearing. Peromyscus maniculatus has soft fur which varies in color, from gray to brown, but all deer mice have a distinguishable white underside and white feet. Deer mice tails are covered with fine hairs, with the same dark/light split as the fur on the rest of its body. P. maniculatus has distinct subspecies. Of those most common in North America, the woodland form has longer hind legs, a longer tail, and larger ears than the prairie form.

Behavior
Eastern deer mice are nocturnal creatures who spend the day time in areas such as trees or burrows where they have nests made of plant material. The pups within litters of deer mice are kept by the mother within an individual home range. Deer mice typically live in a home range of 242 to 3000 square meters. Although deer mice live in individual home ranges, these ranges do tend to overlap. When overlapping occurs, it is more likely to be with opposite sexes rather than with the same sex, as male deer mice have a much greater home range than the much more territorial females. Deer mice that live within overlapping home ranges tend to recognize one another and interact a lot.

The woodland variety of P. maniculatus is an adept climber, and prefers tree cover meters above the ground, while the prairie form prefers to move from burrow to burrow in open areas, avoiding floral cover.

High-elevation adaptations
Some deer mice are found at high elevations where there are low levels of oxygen and ambient temperatures. They encounter year-round hypoxia and cold, and undergo their entire reproductive cycles under these harsh conditions. Chronic hypoxia can limit the growth of these high-elevation deer mice during gestation, which can affect development and maternal physiology. However, high-elevation deer mice do appear to have several physiological adaptations that allow them to survive in these environments. High-elevation mice have a greater capacity for carbohydrate and lipid oxidation compared to low-elevation mice. Mouse populations living at different elevations show allelic variation among gene duplicates that encode the α-chain subunits of adult hemoglobin. Modifications in the α and β globin genes may also indicate an increase in hemoglobin-oxygen affinity and oxygen transport in these high-elevation populations.

Procreation
Peromyscus maniculatus are polygynous, meaning one male will mate with multiple females. They exhibit behaviors associated with polygyny, as males have much larger territory than females, live with multiple females, and are known to commit infanticide if they catch young unattended. Though they usually live alone, during winter the single male-multiple female cohort may live in a shared nest.

Breeding season
Deer mice can reproduce throughout the year, though in most parts of their range, they breed from March to October. Deer mouse breeding tends to be determined more by food availability rather than by season. In Virginia, breeding peaks occur from April to June and from September to October.

Nesting
Female deer mice construct nests using a variety of materials including grasses, roots, mosses, wool, thistledown, and various artificial fibers. The male deer mice are allowed by the female to help nest the litter and keep them together and warm for survival.

In a study, less than half of both male and female deer mice left their original home range to reproduce. This means that there is intrafamilial mating and that the gene flow among deer mice as a whole is limited.

There have been recent studies that reveal deer mice also have OCD-like behaviors from altered gut microbiota. This phenomenon is typically shown in their abnormally large nest sizes and the behavior is present within 8 weeks of birth. Large nest building is considered to be a maladaptation as these mice are unnecessarily investing extra energy and effort in building larger nests in a laboratory where conditions are stable.

Gestation, litter size and productivity
Deer mice reproduce profusely and are highest in numbers among their species compared to other local mammals. Peromyscus species' gestation periods range from 22 to 26 days. Typical litters are composed of three to five young; litter size ranges from one to nine young. Most female deer mice have more than one litter per year. Three or four litters per year is probably typical; captive deer mice have borne as many as 14 litters in one year. Males usually live with the family and help care for the young.

Development of young
Deer mice pups are altricial, i.e. born blind, naked and helpless; development is rapid. Young deer mice have full coats by the end of the second week; their eyes open between 13 and 19 days and they are fully furred and independent in only a few weeks. Females lactate for 27 to 34 days after giving birth; most young are weaned at about 18 to 24 days. The young reach adult size at about 6 weeks and continue to gain weight slowly thereafter.

Age of first estrus averages about 48 days; the earliest recorded was 23 days. The youngest wild female to produce a litter was 55 days old; it was estimated that conception had occurred when she was about 32 days old.

Dispersal
Deer mouse pups usually disperse after weaning and before the birth of the next litter, when they are reaching sexual maturity. Occasionally juveniles remain in the natal area, particularly when breeding space is limited. Most deer mice travel less than 152 m from the natal area to establish their own home range.

Longevity and mortality
In the lab their maximum life span is 96 months, and mean life expectancy is 45.5 months for females and 47.5 for males. In many areas deer mice live less than 1 year. One captive male deer mouse lived 32 months, and there is a report of a forest deer mouse that lived 8 years in captivity (another mouse was fertile until almost 6 years of age).

Habitat
Peromyscus maniculatus are found in all throughout eastern North America. The majority of deer mice nest high up, in large hollow trees. The deer mouse nests alone for the most part but during the winter will nest in groups of 10 or more. Deer mice, specifically the prairie form, are also abundant in the farmland of the midwestern United States. Deer mice can be found active on top of snow or beneath logs during the winter seasons. In northern New England deer mice are present in both coniferous and deciduous forests. Deer mice are often the only Peromyscus species in northern boreal forest. Subspecies differ in their use of plant communities and vegetation structures. There are two main groups of deer mouse: the prairie deer mouse and the woodland or forest deer mouse group.

Cover requirements
Deer mice are often active in open habitat; most subspecies do not develop hidden runways the way many voles (Microtus and Clethrionomys spp.) do. In open habitat within forests deer mice have a tendency to visit the nearest timber. In central Ontario deer mice used downed wood for runways.

Deer mice nest in burrows dug in the ground or construct nests in raised areas such as brush piles, logs, rocks, stumps, under bark, and in hollows in trees. Nests are also constructed in various structures and artifacts including old boards and abandoned vehicles. Nests have been found up to 24 m above the ground in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) trees.

Predators
Deer mice are important prey for snakes (Viperidae), owls (Strigidae), American minks (Neogale vison), American martens (Martes americana) and other mustelids, as well as skunks (Mephitis and Spilogale sp.), bobcats (Lynx rufus), domestic cats (Felis catus), coyotes (Canis latrans), and foxes (Vulpes vulpes and Urocyon cinereoargenteus). Deer mice are also parasitized by Cuterebra fontinella.

Diet
Deer mice are omnivorous; the main dietary items usually include seeds, fruits, arthropods, leaves, and fungi; fungi have the least amount of intake. Throughout the year, the deer mouse will change its eating habits to reflect on what is available to eat during that season. During winter months, the arthropods compose of one-fifth of the deer mouse's food. These include spiders, caterpillars, and heteropterans. During the spring months, seeds become available to eat, along with insects, which are consumed in large quantities. Leaves are also found in the stomachs of deer mice in the spring seasons. During summer months, the mouse consumes seeds and fruits. During the fall season, the deer mouse will slowly change its eating habits to resemble the winter's diet.

title: Eastern deer mouse


text:
User talk:Draughn fan

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. Meelar (talk) 02:39, August 18, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Draughn fan


text:
Universe (1983 video game)

Universe (sometimes called Omnitrend's Universe) is a science fiction space trading and combat game by Omnitrend Software. It was created by William G M Leslie and Thomas R Carbone. The first version was programmed in valFORTH on an Atari 800, based on a board game created by Leslie. It was Omnitrend's first game.

Gameplay
The game starts off on the planet Axia within the Local Group, a settlement that took place centuries ago thanks to the discovery of an alien hyperspace booster. This technology allowed the Local Group to be settled with supplies being sent from Earth using the booster. However, the supplies have stopped arriving and the player must now search for a second hyperspace booster that was reported in the area.

The game begins with a loan from the bank to finance a spaceship. Several models are available and offer different capabilities and cargo space. Once the ship is purchased and outfitted, the player then travels to different planets and engages in trading, mining, or piracy.

Universe is a very involving game, like requiring the player to calculate hyperjump coordinates for the navigation computer and calculate minimum orbits for planets in order to launch shuttles. The speed of the game tended to bog down when graphics were involved and when the game performed calculations involving orbital mechanics. On the Atari, having only one disk drive resulted in numerous disk swaps.

Release
The game came on four disks and included in the US$89.95 cost was two free hours a month on the Universe BBS. Upon mailing in the included warranty card, users were also mailed subsequent versions of the game on replacement disks, based on suggestions from the BBS. Computer Gaming World praised this dedication to customer service.

Reception
St.Game in 1984 criticized Universe for the Atari's slow performance, stating that "a lethargic running speed and endless disk swaps make it very, very slow going ... slow graphics routines tediously draw pictures that have no bearing on the game". The magazine concluded that "The concept, imagination, and detail behind Universe are superb. Were it not for the slow speed, it would be a perfect game", but the slow speed made it unplayable. Computer Gaming World in 1984 published two reviews of Universe. One reviewer found it to be "an absorbing game, at least for another six months" given how easy it was to be lose sight of the original objective by either trading or piracy. He also praised the detailed documentation and backstory, and concluded that "this is a 'must have' game for those of you who are interested in complex simulations and role playing. The graphics are excellent, the game play is realistic, and the basic premise makes sense". The other reviewer similarly praised the game, concluding that it was "an excellent interactive space adventure with 3D graphics that will give you months of enjoyment and headaches". In a 1992 survey of science fiction games the magazine gave the title three of five stars, writing that it was "Still one of the early classics". A 1994 survey of strategic space games set in the year 2000 and later gave the game three-plus stars out of five. Jerry Pournelle in BYTE called Universe "the most complicated game I ever did see ... a lot of good planning in this game, and I'm impressed", but criticized the incomplete documentation and user interface.

Legacy
The game spawned two sequels on the Atari ST and other platforms, Universe II (1986) which was broadly similar and took place 20 years after the events in the first game, and Universe III (1989) which used the original games backstory but was an adventure game.

title: Universe (1983 video game)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Militaryphotos.net

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was No Consensus. Redwolf24 01:02, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

Militaryphotos.net

 * Moderate traffic site ~50,000 Alexa. Devoted to minor details, this entry can only be verified and edited by forum members.  For example: "There were a few controversies which plagued the Militaryphotos.net forums, one of which involved the use of extravagant and incredibly large signatures..."  delete lots of issues  | leave me a message 02:41, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

 * If this article is a valid description of a real web site, keep. Anthony Appleyard 06:26, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * "message bord was in clinical death state for whole 16 minutes." - such earth shattering events are surely encyclopedic! Seriously though, delete as forumcruft, and how did it survive since July 2004? the wub  "?/!"  08:37, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete An Alexa ranking down there is too low to look notable to me, especially if the site has no other major claims to notability. I shudder to think of some of the other sites in that range we'd have to consider notable if that was a criteria. --Icelight 19:13, August 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Low alexa rank. 11,000 members/39 currently online, well below my notability threshold of 50,000/300.  Article full of trivia. --Carnildo 21:18, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep As the original author of the article, I have some insight into why the article should be kept.
 * For one thing, although the site has low ranking in Alexa from total site visits, the photo albums, video content, and original forum posts are linked from other sites directly, or replicated altogether on other military sites.

 * Militaryphotos.net is a major primary source for military information from retired military, active duty army/navy/air force, and private military contractors currently in action in Iraq.

 * The History Channel has used footage which was originally submitted to militaryphotos/militaryvideos.net in its television documentaries.

 * Militaryphotos.net was the originator of the Finnish military abuse scandal, rivalling the Abu Ghraib scandal in the US in its media coverage and impact on military policy.

 * Militaryphotos.net was the originator of the images discovered by a Militaryphotos.net member of a secret Soviet space-based laser battle station. This is a major discovery made at Militaryphotos.net and this is highly noteworthy.

 * It it the purpose of Wikipedia to present articles on noteworthy topics. For the four points listed above, I would argue that Militaryphotos.net is a very noteworthy website.  I expect those who voted to reconsider their vote.  I apologize for the crap that was also added to the article.  I removed that stuff to make the article more wikiworthy.  Carnildo, it's unfortunate that you checked the forum usage at such a time.  The forum averages 300 members online.    --G3pro 15:58, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Weak Keep --Agamemnon2 14:57, 21 August 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:Cashew chicken

Believe this is also an authentic chinese dish
Having lived in Hong Kong for five years, I encountered this dish in many settings. My parents tell me that they also encountered this dish in mainland china. I have never heard or tasted an oyster sauce version however, more often it is a penut black sauce. Ambidextros 11:12, 23 May 2006 (UTC)

I have eaten Cashew Chicken in Springfield Missouri at Leong's Tea House and since then at other restaurants. It is very good, however the most recent local versions use breaded deep fried chicken with oyster sauce. Somewhat like calling food "Tex-Mex" we might term this food "Ozark-Oriental".

Yankee Transplanted in the Ozarks and Thriving

two recepies
Someone didn't like the recepie this article provides and added text saying it was wrong. If it truly is, we should be remove the old text. As it stands, the "above recepie", which is just an ingredients list, stands alone. Do the cooking instructions under the link and text apply to the linked information, or the original information from the article? It doesn't read well, and needs to be sorted out. -- Mikeblas 05:28, 30 December 2005 (UTC)

Citations needed
The thing about Leong's tea house is all very well, but citations are needed. I have added  -- Dominus 18:28, 25 December 2006 (UTC)

Cashew Chicken not Chinese-American
This article is incorrect. Cashew Chicken is not a Chinese-American invention but actually a southern Chinese dish. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 64.175.73.232 (talk) 06:50, 10 February 2007 (UTC).

 * I agree---this article seems to be about a specific variation of the dish that one restaurant owner made to tailor a traditional Chinese dish to an American regional preference. That may be what the locals there consider Cashew Chicken, but I find it very hard to believe that it's the origin of the real dish "Cashew Chicken" when there are so many other variations that are more traditionally Chinese in nature. I think having this one variation as the definition of Cashew Chicken is misleading, and inappropriate for an encyclopedic article. Bluela 02:17, 28 October 2007 (UTC)

The photo is not accurate
The photo shown is not an accurate depiction of Springfield-style Cashew Chicken. Cashew chicken is a somewhat plain dish with no vegetables. It features a bed of rice with chunks of breaded, deep fried chicken smothered in oyster sauce with cashews and green onions sprinkled on top. The photo looks more like an authentic Chinese dish that has both chicken and cashews in it.

I'm from the Springfield area and I've had cashew chicken from many restaurants, as well as my mom's homemade version. There is little variation in recipe between restaurants except for the sauce. None of them look even remotely like the photo shown. Emily65746 (talk) 15:09, 30 March 2008 (UTC)

As a Springfield resident I agree: This is a picture of chicken stir-fry. Every Chinese restaurant in this area, and there is a lot, make it exactly like Emily describes above--most importantly with the breaded chicken. --Mechphisto (talk) 21:03, 25 August 2008 (UTC)

 * This is probably, then, cashew chicken from another part of North America. It says it was taken in Ottawa, Canada. If you guys are from there and eat this dish, why don't you take a photo of it or ask a friend to do so if you don't own cameras? Badagnani (talk) 21:22, 25 August 2008 (UTC)

Cashew chicken is not a Springfield, MO invention
As someone who is from Springfield, MO (and resident there for 25 years) who now lives elsewhere, I can tell you that Cashew Chicken is not originally from Springfield, MO. Springfield-style Cashew Chicken is from Springfield, MO. Everywhere else that I have ordered Cashew Chicken (Kansas City, New York, etc.) has looked much like the picture shown. There are places outside of Springfield, MO that you can actually specifically order "Springfield-style Cashew Chicken" by name (I've had it in Kansas City, and read reports of it appearing in Chicago, Seattle, and Las Vegas)--but it was just modified from regular cashew chicken to appeal to the tastes of the region. Honestly, there should be a "cashew chicken" page, and a "Springfield-style cashew chicken" page--since it is a unique dish that is enormously popular in the region and has spread somewhat. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.81.49.192 (talk) 22:52, 27 May 2008 (UTC)

Chicken cashew is very good but, a little bit salty. I like my foo wit no satyness. I would use pork instead of chicken. I am a vary bad spellur sorrwy fore my mistake(s). I lika cheiz too —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.168.8.195 (talk) 02:49, 17 July 2008 (UTC)

March 2009 revisions
The March 11, 2009 New York Times article on Springfield-style cashew chicken presented an opportunity to try and clean up this article a bit, and make clear that Springfield-style is different. As noted by others, the existing picture is clearly not Springfield-style; the article would greatly benefit from a picture more like the one in the NYT, if someone in Springfield could take one! Unless others disagree, I would think the "POV" tag could now be deleted from the article, although certainly another sentence or two about the Chinese/Chinese-American provenance of the stir-fried variety would be a fine addition to the article, if someone can find an appropriate source. --Arxiloxos (talk) 23:44, 11 March 2009 (UTC)

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title: Category:Roads in the Philippines


text:
Peter Rindisbacher

Peter Rindisbacher (12 April 1806 – 12 or 13 August 1834) was a Swiss artist. He specialized in watercolors and illustrations dealing with First Nation tribes of mid-Western Canada and the United States, mostly depictions of the Anishinaabe, Cree, and Sioux, usually in group action or genre scenes. He seldom did individual portraits; however, he painted himself into a few interior tipi scenes, usually smoking a pipe. He commonly referred to the tipis as tents, such as in the title, Inside a Skin Tent.

Biography
Rindisbacher was born on 12 April 1806 in Emmental, Switzerland. He emigrated from Switzerland to western Canada with his family when he was fifteen. The family was recruited by an agent of Red River Colony, established by the Earl of Selkirk, to settle the area located near present-day Winnipeg, Manitoba. Lord Selkirk's land grant, called Assiniboia, was administered by a governor and council but, as all the colony's officials had connections with the Hudson's Bay Company, the colony was effectively an arm of Hudson's Bay's operations. The colony faced difficulties due to a disastrous flood of the Red River, on the eastern boundary of North Dakota north to Lake Winnipeg, which led to damaged crops and starvation. The Rindisbacher family relocated to Wisconsin in 1826, and then settled permanently in St. Louis, Missouri, in 1829.

Career
From the age of fifteen until his death, possibly of cholera, at age 28, Rindisbacher was a producing artist. He began working with charcoal as a young boy, with the encouragement of his father, and received one year of formal training with artist Jakob Samuel Weibel in Switzerland. He executed sketches and watercolors of his family's journey from Europe to western Canada, life and company officials in the Red River Colony, and Indians and animals in west-central Canada and the midwestern United States, including the Chippewa and Metis people living along the Red River Trails. At age twenty-three, upon moving to St. Louis, Rindisbacher established an artist's studio, where he also produced illustrations for magazines and book covers, and contributed to the History of the Indian Tribes of North America collection.

Selected paintings

 * The Buffalo Hunt – c. 1822-1824
 * Inside of a Skin Tent – 1824, one of the earliest studies of a tipi by a non-Indian. Library and Archives Canada Collection.
 * Indian hunters pursuing buffalo in the early spring – 1822, painted when the artist was age sixteen.
 * A Halfcast and his Two Wives based on a sketch from about 1825.
 * Hunting the Buffalo – 1836, frontispiece for Volume 1 of the History of the Indian Tribes of North America by Thomas L. McKenney and James Hall, 1836.
 * War dance of the Sauks and Foxes – 1834, frontispiece for Volume 2 of the History of the Indian Tribes of North America by Thomas L. McKenney and James Hall, 1838.
 *  Chippewa mode of traveling in spring and summer – 1825, West Point Museum Collection.

Legacy
Having spent fifteen years painting the native people of central North America, Rindisbacher died on 13 August 1834, several days after attending a militia meeting in St. Louis. At the time, George Catlin, who is often given credit for being the first professional painter to depict the American Indians of the Great Plains, was only four years through his six years of western expeditions in 1830-1836. As a professional painter, Rindisbacher preceded Catlin in the west by at least ten years, and is considered the first resident professional artist west of the Great Lakes. Rindisbacher is known to have produced more than 124 paintings during his career. Forty of his artworks are currently held by the Library and Archives of Canada, Ottawa. Other large concentrations of his paintings are located in the collections of the West Point Museum of the United States Military Academy and the Gilcrease Museum in Tulsa, Oklahoma.

title: Peter Rindisbacher


text:
Talk:Osteichthyes

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 1 September 2021 and 18 December 2021. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): M4TT262.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 05:53, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Taxobox?
I suggest we don't give t to avoid using paraphyletic groups, what difference does it make that there is a

Largest
If we are going to refer to the largest bony fish, it looks like the ocean sunfish takes the prize. It is more massive than any marlin or sturgeon, according to its entry, which says: "Specimens of ocean sunfish have been observed up to 3.33 m (11 ft) in length and weighing up to 2,300 kg (5070 lbs)." If "largest" meant "longest", we'd refer to oarfish, but I take it to mean "most massive". In any event, marlins and sturgeons are not the largest bony fish in either sense.

Metamagician3000 11:36, 23 December 2005

Cross-references
Should ostracoderm be listed as the (only) cross-reference? Ostracoderms are jawless fish, not bony fish. Homo sapiens 04:39, 19 May 2006 (UTC)

Class rank- Osteichthyes vs. Sarcopterygii & Actinopterygii
Sarcopterygii and Actinopterygii are listed as subclasses of Osteichthyes here, but are described as classes on their own pages. Which is right? Jerkov 17:50, 11 June 2006 (UTC)
 * I think Osteichthyes should be a superclass and it's right that Sarcopterygii and Actinopterygii are listed as classes. I'd like to change the taxobox in this article (and any other relevant places). But I should check that I'm right first.HappyVR 16:57, 2 July 2006 (UTC)

I've gone ahead and done this, altering the taxobox.

I've also changed the wording of the introduction, (perhaps dumbing it down a bit), making it easier to read and clearer. (At least that's what I tried to do.)HappyVR 18:51, 2 July 2006 (UTC)

Citation
I've tagged this as needing a reference: "The Osteichthyes are paraphyletic with land vertebrates." which may seem a little odd as the article doesn't cite a single source. However a general source that can used to at least verify the infomation can easily be found - I'll try to do this (as time allows).

However I think the statement above is a little debateable - I wouldn't easily accept it as 100% certain, I don't know what other people's view is. It seem to at least need a reference. So a reference would be excellent.HappyVR 02:12, 3 July 2006 (UTC)

 * It's been generally accepted for a while. For instance a quick web search finds this, this, this, and this as some random pages that mention their paraphyly.  The accepted phylogeny is here, which shows that Osteichthyes are a monophyletic group only if they are expanded to include terrestrial vertebrates.  I don't think we should be using it as a superclass; as far as I can tell this only appears in ITIS and a few related sources. Josh
 * ok - this means that the (extinct) ancestor of the tetrapods would be classified in osteichthyses (and probably lobe-finned fish)?
 * The page Osteichthyes categorises it quite early on as a taxonomic class. Clearly at the moment taxonomic classification and phylogenetic classification are not entirely compatible in certain areas. I can't find much guidance on this - clearly the taxobox represents the taxonomic scheme - I don't know if we should have a separate 'evo-box' or what - I can't think of a really sensible way of doing this. The phylogeny would be easy to deal with if there was a standard proceedure laid down for it, WikiProject Tree of Life only covers taxonomy at present. Would appreciate it if anyone can find guidlines for issues surrounding taxonmy/phylogeny confusion.HappyVR 19:06, 5 July 2006 (UTC)
 * There should be a source, but the claim is simply that tetrapods diverged from other fish, and thus all tetrapods, including mammals like us or secondary aquatic animals, such as whales. I'll explain this more when I have time, but a source to start with is Phylogenetic tree 174.2.69.60 (talk) 05:26, 24 March 2022 (UTC)

Paraphyly (again)
I was hoping that someone could supply a link that explains why the Osteichthyes are considered paraphyletic. User:Josh (above) has shown that the info. is verifiable but I was thinking more in terms of the reasoning behind this fact. Perhaps with reference to the fossil record, or by reasoning that tetrapods have evolved from something simialr to a lungfish and that lungfish and other ray finned fish have a common ancestor?HappyVR 15:08, 6 July 2006 (UTC)

Please delete the statement about dogs.

swim bladders
The Ocean Sunfish is a bony fish and does not have a swim bladder. This articles says "They also have swim bladders which help them to create a neutral balance between sinking and floating." -Ravedave 04:31, 24 June 2007 (UTC)

 * It seems like a lot of the info provided in this article does only apply to a number of bony fishes. Sentences such as "unlike most fishes, bony fishes can see colors" are just plain confusing, as most fish are bony fishes. I will look into this article further later.--Gunnar Mikalsen Kvifte 18:10, 28 September 2007 (UTC)

Please see this link
The link below lists prehistoric orders of Osteichthyes. Unfortunately, when I tried to add them to the taxobox, I was not successful. Bob (talk) 02:01, 4 April 2008 (UTC) http://paleodb.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?action=checkTaxonInfo&taxon_no=101119&is_real_user=1

New Edit
Hello! I just wanted to let you know that I added a hyperlink for Amphiprion ocellaris into your article. I am a part of a Behavioral Ecology Class (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_Program:Washington_University_in_St._Louis/Behavioral_Ecology_%28Fall_2013%29) Washington University and our assignment was to create hyperlinks from our articles to other articles as examples. Best of luck with your article!! — Preceding unsigned comment added by Gseehra123 (talk • contribs) 22:14, 14 November 2013 (UTC)

Cladogram
For the cladogram, given that we have articles on subsidiary clades like the Teleostei with their own cladograms, why don't we just stop at the teleosts? It would make the picture more readable, without really losing anything. Chiswick Chap (talk) 19:33, 21 March 2016 (UTC)

 * Hi Chiswick Chap, I intended to continue the Osteichthyes cladogram as a second tree starting with Acanthomorpha, so having two trees might have extended the page too much so I opted to hide it. However I did not get time to start the second tree, so that's why it looked like it was unnecessary to hide the cladogram. Sorry for the inconvenience.

Videsh Ramsahai (talk) 13:19, 22 March 2016 (UTC)

 * Thanks for letting me know! But I think two medium-sized trees well worth showing in an article of this type. Chiswick Chap (talk) 15:19, 22 March 2016 (UTC)

Um, the trees are now in too much detail, and they cover several subsidiary clade-articles' worth of cladogram (for example, the articles which already have cladograms such as Teleost. Why not stop with Teleost or if you insist Neoteleostei as a leaf, and leave its internal details to that and other articles? I really can't see the value of the overlap. When the trees were of moderate size it was all right, but the overlap is now excessive. Chiswick Chap (talk) 19:06, 12 April 2016 (UTC)

The picture used for stomatiformes is actually a lophiiform. --Draco ignoramus sophomoricus (talk) 15:02, 13 June 2020 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Osteichthyes


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Richard Bushnell

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. Redwolf24 01:04, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

Richard Bushnell
Vanity page for owner of a bunch of low-popularity political websites (150000k max). Delete. Andrew pmk 02:44, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete, per nominator. Ëvilphoenix Burn! 03:04, August 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Non-notable bio. Denni ☯ 03:20, 2005 August 18 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not notable. android  79  03:41, August 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Actually it's copyvio. RasputinAXP   talk  *  contribs  04:06, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Henry Wallis

Henry Wallis (21 February 1830 – 20 December 1916) was a British Pre-Raphaelite painter, writer and collector.

Wallis was born in London on 21 February 1830; his father's name and occupation are unknown. When in 1845 his mother, Mary Anne Thomas, married Andrew Wallis, a prosperous London architect, Henry took his stepfather's surname. His artistic training was thorough and influential. He was admitted as a probationer to the RA and enrolled in the Painting School in March 1848. He also studied in Paris at Charles Gleyre's atelier and at the Academie des Beaux Arts, sometime between 1849 and 1853.

Wallis is best remembered for his first great success, The Death of Chatterton, which he exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1856. The painting depicted the impoverished late 18th-century poet Thomas Chatterton, who poisoned himself in despair at the age of seventeen, and was considered a Romantic hero for many young and struggling artists in Wallis's day. His method and style in Monke Chatterton reveal the importance of his connection to the Pre-Raphaelite movement, seen in the vibrant colours and careful build-up of symbolic detail. He used a bold colour scheme with a contrasting palette and he exploited the fall of the natural light through the window of the garret to implement his much loved style at the time, chiaroscuro. The size of Chatterton's garret was only fractionally larger than the scope of the painting, with room for Wallis and his easel and little else during the preliminary sketches, which were done on-site. The painting is 25x37" and is in the Tate Britain, with other versions in the Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery and the Yale Center for British Art.

There may have been more examples of Chatterton as it was popular and when Wallis had to pay the rent he would paint another version. He once said that dead poets are more saleable than dead labourers (referring to The Stonebreaker, his next major work). The Stonebreaker (1857, exhibited in 1858) consolidated his reputation as a true Pre-Raphaelite. In total, he showed 35 exhibits at the RA, but later in life developed a greater interest in watercolour painting. He was elected a full member of the RWS (Royal Watercolour Society) in 1878 and exhibited over 80 watercolours at the society.

The model for his acclaimed The Death of Chatterton was the young George Meredith, whose first wife Mary Ellen would later run off with Wallis.

Wallis's method of painting, especially in the early years of his career, and in particular on "Death of Chatterton", was to do the initial sketch, saturate it in water, use a grey tint to block in the shade, put on the colour and allow it to dry. When firm, he would use a hair pencil to add in the details, for which he is so renowned. For the light, he would touch the area in question with water and then rub it with a piece of bread. His studio during these years was in Chelsea, a very bohemian and out of the way part of London at the time.

He died, almost blind, at 1 Walpole Road, Croydon, on 20 December 1916.

Selected bibliography

 * Hamlin, Robin: Henry Wallis, in: Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, vol. 57, London 2004, pp. 13–14.
 * van de Put, A., Henry Wallis, 1830–1916, Faenza, v (1917), pp. 33–8.
 * Ramm, John, "The Forgotten Pre-Raphaelite", Antique Dealer & Collectors Guide, March/April 2003, Vol 56, 8 & 9.
 * Treuherz, J. Hard Times: Social Realism in Victorian Art (London, 1987), pp. 36–39.
 * Literary treatment in Peter Ackroyd's novel, Chatterton, first published in 1987.

title: Henry Wallis


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Back Roads

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. Redwolf24 01:03, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

Back Roads
The date is a giveaway that someone's just having a little fun with us. Denni ☯ 02:46, 2005 August 18 (UTC)
 * Delete WP:NOT (crystal ball) Page can be recreated if/when movie is released. --Alan Au 03:57, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, article doesn't contain any actual sentences and Wikipedia is NOT a crystal ball as stated above. If this movie is going to be made in 2009, the makers are nowhere near making casting decisions, so the entire contents are of dubious accuracy. - Mgm|(talk) 08:11, August 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete dubious info, at best. Nothing on IMDB on this supposed planned movie.  There is an old Sally Field movie with this title but I doubt it's worth rewriting it about that. --  Etacar11   22:49, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Novel still being developed, too far off. Rx StrangeLove 23:38, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Abswurmbachite

Abswurmbachite is a copper manganese silicate mineral ((Cu,Mn2+)Mn3+6O8SiO4). It was first described in 1991 and named after Irmgard Abs-Wurmbach (born 1938), a German mineralogist. It crystallizes in the tetragonal system. Its Mohs scale rating is 6.5 and a specific gravity of 4.96. It has a metallic luster and its color is jet black, with light brown streaks.

title: Abswurmbachite


title: File:B2m-fullcircle.jpg