text: User talk:81.148.47.181

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:81.148.47.181


text:
Pengwern Boat Club

Pengwern Boat Club is the community rowing club in Shrewsbury, UK. It was founded in 1871.

The club is affiliated to British Rowing, and its home water is on the River Severn around Shrewsbury, with rowing taking place from the English Bridge in Shrewsbury up to Berwick House, upstream of the town.

The stretch of the River Severn it occupies is shared with Royal Shrewsbury School Boat Club (RSSBC).

History
The name "Pengwern" (recalling the lost early seat of the kings of Powys) was chosen because a "Shrewsbury Rowing Club" was already in existence by 1871, when the club was founded; the latter club was found to be so socially and culturally elitist - strictly applying an 'armature ethic' - that a more cosmopolitan club was required to promote an inclusive community for boating enthusiasts in Shrewsbury. Over time, this more diverse club was so successful in attracting and keeping members that the former club was totally supplanted by the turn of the twentieth century.

Over the course of its history the club has maintained close links with the boat club of the RSSBC, which Wigglesworth has noted as being important in recruitment to the club.

The club had been men-only from its foundation. However, the constitution was changed in the early 1970s to enable women to join.

Shrewsbury Regatta
In early May every year the club hosts the Shrewsbury Regatta, attended by thousands of spectators and visitors, which is one of the oldest events in the rowing calendar, having first been held in 1871.

Head of the Severn
In 1936 of the "Head of the Severn", one of the earliest head of the river events, was instigated by the club; it was subsequently discontinued in the 1990s because of frequent floods and other practicalities.The History of Pengwern BC – And the Friendship Between Two Rowing Historians

Club House
The first boathouse was jointly rented with Shrewsbury School on the current site.

The current club house of brick and timber was built in 1881. It is now a Grade II listed building.

The club house was expanded around 2013.

Squads
The club operates rowing squads for:
 * juniors,
 * seniors, and
 * masters.

It also provides for adaptive rowing for those with physical disability, sensory, or learning impairment.

In addition, at times agreed with the committee the runs Pengwern some of the lobby clubs (see below) have squads they run semi-autonomously.

Other events
The club hosts an annual pubs and clubs regatta as well as coracle racing from time to time.

Lobby clubs

Since 2014, Pengwern has hosted the water facilities for the Harper Adams University Rowing Club, which is a UK rowing university separately affiliated to British Rowing.

The club also hosts the rowing activities of Shrewsbury High School and other local schools.

title: Pengwern Boat Club


text:
Dembow beat

The dembow beat or dembow riddim is a musical rhythm best known for its use as the core percussion element in reggaeton music, having taken its name from the 1990 dancehall song "Dem Bow" by Shabba Ranks. The rhythm, first developed by Jamaican and Panamanian producers in the early 1990s as reggaeton was beginning to form, employs the tresillo pattern that is common in Latin American music.

Characteristics
The dembow rhythm is usually employed as a loop, in line with reggaeton's mainly electronic production. Described as having a "bounce", it has a 3+3+2 (tresillo) cross-rhythm with a slight syncopation on every other half-beat.

While dembow is the main building block of the reggaeton genre, similar modern rhythms can be found in Africa with the genres of afrobeats, on account of their common ancestry. There are also connections with Arabic music, credited to "cross-pollination" between Spain, the Arab world, and sub-Saharan Africa.

History
At the beginning of the 1990s, there existed several closely related Jamaican-origin dancehall riddims revolving around a "boom-ch-boom-chick" sound such as the "Bam Bam riddim" or the "Fever Pitch riddim". Added to this group was the beat of Shabba Ranks' song "Dem Bow", which became known as the "Dem Bow riddim". The song's popularity resulted in the adoption of the "dem bow" name to describe the entire nascent genre that would eventually come to be known as reggaeton.

The term "dembow" today commonly refers simply to the drum beat of reggaeton, which, while retaining its core "boom-ch-boom-chick" sound, has stylistic variations.

title: Dembow beat


text:
Talk:The Razor's Edge

Untitled
I understand that Larry is based on Michael Patrick Leahy who was Somerset Maugham's friend and psychiatrist in Mayfair and then Harley Street. Leahy treated his patients by suggestion. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 146.198.178.113 (talk) 09:36, 13 October 2020 (UTC)

Whether or not Guy Hague is the real Larry in the Razor's Edge is an interesting question. Nevertheless there are other characters that could be pursued, for example the French woman painter Suzanne Rouviet from the book might well be Suzanne Valadon in real life. http://members.tripod.com/cathreese/DefiantWomen/artists/valadon.html If she and her child really did spend time with him, maybe her son knows who is the real Larry.

It has been suggested that Eliot Templeton is based on Henry Channon and that the younger American snob is based on Ashley Chanler. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 96.252.109.36 (talk) 22:51, 31 May 2009 (UTC)

-the razors edge is also what Zen is known as

Plot
the plot summary is rather interesting, as I'd have given more thought to the adventures of larry, including Kosti and Suzanne. The only time the novel hints at the narrator being Mr Maugham is when he is referred to as "Mr. M," right? Anooneemiss 08:54, 29 May 2007 (UTC)
 * I agree that the plot section is puzzling in its selection, especially the undue weight placed on Sophie's role in the story. Also, Maugham starts the book off in the first person speaking as the author, so it is assumed throughout that the narrator is Maugham himself. But yes, he is first mentioned as Mr M, though later in the book he is called by his full last name. Anyway, the plot section would need some serious work to extract all the Sophie references and still flow well, but if anyone's up to it, the article would be better for it. — Bility (talk) 22:35, 13 October 2009 (UTC)

Book cover image
My understanding is the general rule of thumb is to use as early a book cover as possible (preferably a 1st edition). I don't have a 1st edition, but I do have a rare 1946 edition with a cover tying in with the first film. The image currently in use is a more recent reprint (which appears to lack fair use licensing information). If no one has any objections I'm willing to replace the current image with one of the older hardcover. Thoughts? 23skidoo 07:23, 23 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Sounds good. Go for it. The bellman 01:23, 25 September 2006 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:RazorsEdgeNew.jpg
Image:RazorsEdgeNew.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 03:50, 24 January 2008 (UTC)

Why were these references removed?

 * http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0087980/locations IMDb
 * http://www.sriramanamaharshi.org/ramanasramam.html
 * http://the-wanderling.com/hague.html

by Special:Contributions/99.192.58.201

99.190.80.182 (talk) 08:42, 6 January 2012 (UTC)

 * It's explained in the edit summaries. One is not a credible source for anything. One was being used to source a claim that it does not actually source. And one was just an external link connected to an OR claim, and not being used as a source at all. Read the edit summaries and they do explain all this. 99.192.68.204 (talk) 18:43, 6 January 2012 (UTC) (=99.192.58.201)

Influences
The mention of the 1950s Beats is naïve. Schopenhauer, in 1819, explained the essence of Hinduism and Buddhism for the benefit of Western readers. Maugham knew Schopenhauer's philosophy and, as a result, was impressed by Hinduism and Buddhism. The Beats tried to act in accordance with Zen Buddhism but, instead, degenerated into dependence on drugs and alcohol.Lestrade (talk) 00:30, 8 October 2012 (UTC)Lestrade

 * and jazz. 76.218.248.127 (talk) 17:15, 6 February 2014 (UTC)

 * and least we forget, during the time this book/movie takes place, there was a entire movement in the West re: strong interest in Eastern philosophy; e.g. Ouspensky, Rudhyar, Gurdjieff, Huxley, Bailey, Marc E. Jones, Jung, etc. 76.218.248.127 (talk) 17:15, 6 February 2014 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 08:21, 30 April 2016 (UTC)

Ambiguous
Who is "he"- Maugham or Maharshi  ? "Maugham himself visited Sri Ramana Ashram, where he had a direct interaction with Ramana Maharshi in Tamil Nadu, India in 1938.[3][4] Maugham's suggestion that he "invented nothing" was a source of annoyance for Christopher Isherwood, " — Preceding unsigned comment added by 64.53.191.77 (talk) 06:11, 18 August 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on The Razor's Edge. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090207183955/http://www.celextel.org/108upanishads/katha.html to http://www.celextel.org/108upanishads/katha.html

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title: Talk:The Razor's Edge


text:
Yang Xiuqing

Yang Xiuqing (died September 2/3, 1856), was an organizer and commander-in-chief of the Taiping Rebellion.

Early life
Yang Xiuqing's family were farmers from Xincun near Jintian, Guangxi, but he lost his parents at a young age. According to imperial reports, Yang was a charcoal burner with some education who later organized a convoy system used to protect merchandise that was being transported through the area from bandits. His brother Yang Fuqing also later became a Taiping military commander.

Society of God-Worshippers
In April 1848, while Feng Yunshan and Hong Xiuquan were in a neighboring province, Yang assumed a leadership role in the God-Worshipping Society. Yang claimed to have been stricken deaf and mute only to have regained his hearing and speech at a meeting of the God Worshippers. He began to claim that he could enter trances in which he would be possessed by the Holy Spirit, allowing God the Father to speak through him. It does not appear that Yang truly believed that this was occurring, but that he instead acted as such in service of his own ambitions, as while speaking as God Feng necessarily possessed greater authority than even Hong Xiuquan. Upon Hong and Feng's return in the summer of 1849, they investigated Yang's claims and recognized them as genuine. From May to November 1850, Yang once again claimed to be deaf and mute. Once he recovered, Yang alleged that God was angered that Hong Xiuquan was not being allowed to establish the kingdom of God on Earth and sought to punish mankind with disease. According to this tale, only by suffering his illness was Yang able to redeem others. In 1850, perhaps in service of his political ambitions, he began to claim that he could miraculously heal true believers.

Taiping Rebellion
He was an early participant in the rebellion and rose quickly to prominence; in 1851, when Hong Xiuquan took the title of Heavenly King for himself, he made Yang, in spite of having no military knowledge or experience, commander-in-chief of the army. Yang was further named "East King" as one of the five kings. In 1851, Yang announced a vision in which it was revealed that there were traitors in the highest levels of the movement, and two years later that words of the Eastern King, that is, Yang himself, were divine. He devised an extensive network of spies to root out the intrigues of loyalists in the kingdom. Shrewd, ruthless, and ambitious, Yang ultimately proved himself to be a brilliant strategist and organizer, as well as the administrative mastermind of the Taiping Movement. By the 1850s, Yang had become the most powerful leader of the Taiping Rebellion.

With this presumed divine guidance, Taiping troops captured the city of Nanjing (Nanking), which became the capital of the Heavenly Kingdom in 1853. Yang took control of the city. He disciplined the troops after an initial period of violence and slaughter by declaring that he would execute any officer who entered a private home. City residents were ordered to return to work. Men and women were required to live separately, and were prohibited from walking together or even speaking to each other (there continued to be male and female military units). As Hong, the Heavenly King, became less interested in politics and more interested in his harem, he named Yang as prime minister of the Heavenly Kingdom. Many of the basic laws and regulations were issued during this period of Yang's control.

In August 1856, Yang defeated the government troops besieging Nanking. He first led them to divide their forces by forcing them to send relief forces to other cities, then sent all his own troops against them in a massed attack. Arrogance over victory, however, led to his downfall. Yang clashed with Hong over the rebellion's policies and views toward Confucianism and iconoclasm; Yang believed that Confucian morality was essentially positive, and that its basic tenets were compatible with the rebellion's interpretation of Christianity. He believed that images of dragons were not sacrilegious. Hong, however, rejected this notion and believed that Confucianism ought to be eradicated (considering the belief system to be the work of the devil), and that dragons represent the devil.

Fall
Yang plotted to take the throne. Shortly before seeking a title equivalent to Hong Xiuquan's, Yang dispatched Wei Changhui, Shi Dakai, and Qin Rigang to separate provinces. Hong, viewing Yang's request as treasonous, alerted the three generals to return at once. Meanwhile, Yang demanded to be called Wansui (Ten Thousand Years), a title reserved for the emperor (Hong had assumed it in 1852). Wei returned to Nanjing with three thousand troops on September 1, 1856, and found that Qin Rigang had already arrived. In consultation with Hong Xiuquan and his allies, the two generals decided not to wait for Shi Dakai's arrival. Instead, they and their troops immediately stormed Yang's palace and slew him before he could escape. They then slaughtered his family and followers within the palace, despite having agreed with Hong that only Yang was to die. At this point, six thousand of Yang's followers remained in Nanjing. Yang's remaining followers in the capital were all systemically slaughtered over the next three months. Within a few years, the fortunes of the Taiping Rebellion declined as the rebellion's leaders became involved in the ensuing conspiracies and intrigues.

title: Yang Xiuqing


text:
File:Natasha Bedingfield Unwritten.jpg

Summary
The international cover artwork for Natasha Bedingfield's debut album Unwritten (2005). The copyright of the album and the cover artwork is owned by Sony BMG.

Rationale of fair use for Unwritten

 * 1) No free or public domain images have been located for this album.
 * 2) The image is of lower resolution than the original cover.
 * 3) The image does not limit the copyright owners' rights to distribute the album in any way.
 * 4) For an article about an album and discography, the cover artwork is very important and adds significantly to the article.
 * 5) This image is used on various websites, so its use on Wikipedia does not make it significantly more accessible than it already is.
 * 6) The cover is being used for informational purposes only.

title: File:Natasha Bedingfield Unwritten.jpg


text:
Talk:History of Tuscany

hello,

How could Leopold become a duke in 1745 if he was born in 1747? Or is it some other Leopold? But other wiki pages (those referring to Francis Stephen and to Leopold) say that Leopold was ruling in Tuscany in years 1765 (death of Francis Stephen) - 1790 and to me that makes sense. Or is it otherwise? Can someone explain it or should the page be edited?

regards

vinthund

title: Talk:History of Tuscany


text:
User:Surdas

Surdas the gardener

title: User:Surdas


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Jake Russell

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Rossami (talk) 02:26, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

Jake Russell
Suspected vanity or advertising page. The anon creator of this page first added link to website on The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, then created this page, then added a comment on the discussion page that the subject is notable because his website is listed on Wikipedia's H2G2 page. In any case I think the community should be asked for consensus on his notability. RobertG ♬ talk 12:03, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not notable. At best, the website deserves an external link in The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, without reference to its creator, which is already there. android  79  12:42, August 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep as notable dog breed... wait, sorry, that's Jack Russell. Delete webmaster and replace with hyperspace bypass. DS 13:01, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity. Roodog2k 13:41, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete and feed to the ravenous bugblatter beast of Traal. Fernando Rizo T/C 16:52, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as blatant vanity. Hall Monitor 17:53, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per above. I think even the ravenous bugblatter beast of Traal draws the line at webmasters. Dottore So 19:26, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity. *drew 00:45, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. (I'm the original author) -- The entry has been accused of vanity, which may seem the case. (I'll be the first to admit that I'm a little vain.) In any event, each of the sites mentioned are, in fact, the "largest on the web in their particular genre". While other editors of this fine site may not personally be aware of these particular sites, this does not change the fact that when I say "the largest", I do so based on unbiased numbers. I did not claim that they were the best (etc.), as this would be mere opinion, but "largest" is a term used to define a measurable statistic, which in these cases, refer to sheer volume of information. At any rate, the Jake Russell article has been signifigantly modified to better "fit in" with the encyclopedic nature of this site. One other issue that I should mention, as it concerns editors involved with the original article re: The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy. I don't mind that my entries are moved, as this is the very nature of Wikipedia, but the reasons given is that the link to HHGTTGOnline.com is "suspected vanity". This is not the case. I reordered the sites in a legitimately fair order. HHGTTGOnline.com is the largest fan site. DouglasAdams.se is the largest fan-forum. ZZ9 (while a worthwhile group) is a fan appreciation society, and not as relevant to the majority of surfers simply looking for information, pictures, merchandise, etc.
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Abbey Park, Nottinghamshire

Abbey Park in West Bridgford is a housing estate that was constructed in the mid–to–late–70s by Costain Homes on land that were previously uncultivated fields and allotments. It is mainly geared people who are aged 55 and older. The Willow Tree pub was constructed at the same time. All the roads are named after famous abbeys and are laid out in a tight, twisty manner that precludes fast driving.

The estate is divided in two, with the majority of homes being constructed for private purchase, while a smaller number were constructed for council tenants.

There is a mix of three-, four- and five-bedroom homes on the private‐owned estate in townhouse, semi-detached, link detached, and detached configurations, with a small number of bungalows. This part of Abbey Park consists of Bisham Drive, Dale Close, Newstead Drive, Mountsorrel Drive, Fountains Close, Waltham Close, and Nearsby Drive. The houses are all arranged in cul-de-sacs. The two through-roads on the estate are Rufford Way and Buckfast Way.

The council-funded area consists of Tewkesbury Close, Hexham Close, Bolton Close, and Furness Close, and includes some warden-aided accommodation for the elderly.

Abbey Park is regarded as a pleasant and quiet area of West Bridgford, and house prices are generally at the lower end of the scale for this area. Adjacent Abbey Circus houses a small green band notable for its WW2 air raid shelter, which is still in existence today. Earmarked for demolition in 1979 as the Cold War drew to a close, the 67 ft shelter (B34TYB) was mothballed, but recently added to a list of possible shelters to be re-commissioned in light of recent global unrest.

title: Abbey Park, Nottinghamshire


text:
User:FriendOfPanda

Pandas and Koalas are my favourite animals. My hobbies include Soccer, Hiking and Asian Politics.

I like reading Australian Aboriginal stories. In other times, I study for a Masters degree in Asian Politics. Occassionally, I visit the outback and meet with some of the characters I have read about.

title: User:FriendOfPanda


text:
The Pawnshop

The Pawnshop was Charlie Chaplin's sixth film for Mutual Film Corporation. Released on October 2, 1916, it stars Chaplin in the role of assistant to the pawnshop owner, played by Henry Bergman. Edna Purviance plays the owner's daughter, while Albert Austin appears as an alarm clock owner who watches Chaplin in dismay as he dismantles the clock; the massive Eric Campbell's character attempts to rob the shop.

This was one of Chaplin's more popular movies for Mutual, mainly for the slapstick comedy he was famous for at the time.

Synopsis
Chaplin plays an assistant in a pawnshop run by Henry Bergman. He goes about his job in the usual comic Chaplin manner: insulting various eccentric customers and dusting an electric fan while it is running. Quarreling over a ladder, Chaplin engages in a slapstick battles with his fellow pawnshop assistant and is fired. The pawnbroker gives Charlie a second chance because of his "eleven children"—a fiction which Charlie has hastily invented for the occasion. In the kitchen Charlie flirts with the pawnbroker's attractive daughter, helping her dry dishes by passing them through a clothes wringer. When a customer brings in an alarm clock to be pawned, Chaplin engages in one of his most famous solo sustained comedy bits: He thoroughly examines the clock as if he were a physician and a jeweler. He disassembles the clock piece by piece, damaging it beyond repair, and carefully puts the pieces into the man's hat. He then sorrowfully informs him that the clock can not be accepted.

A crook enters the store and pretends he wants to buy diamonds. Charlie, who has hidden in a trunk after another raucous dispute with his co-worker, spots the man trying to open the pawnshop's vault. Charlie emerges from the trunk, knocks the armed thief out. Charlie is congratulated by the pawnbroker and embraced by his daughter for his bravery and good deed.

The role of the pawnshop proprietor was Henry Bergman's first major appearance in a Chaplin film. (He had played a minor, uncredited role as an old man in The Floorwalker earlier in 1916.) Bergman would work closely with Chaplin until his death in 1946.

Primary cast

 * Charlie Chaplin: Pawnbroker's assistant
 * Henry Bergman: Pawnbroker
 * Edna Purviance: His daughter
 * John Rand: Pawnbroker's assistant
 * Albert Austin: Client with clock
 * Wesley Ruggles: Client with ring
 * Eric Campbell: Thief
 * James T. Kelley: Old bum
 * Charlotte Mineau: Client with aquarium
 * Frank J. Coleman: Policeman

Sound version
In 1932, Amedee J. Van Beuren of Van Beuren Studios, purchased Chaplin's Mutual comedies for $10,000 each, added music by Gene Rodemich and Winston Sharples and sound effects, and re-released them through RKO Radio Pictures. Chaplin had no legal recourse to stop the RKO release.

title: The Pawnshop


text: User talk:64.53.254.56

title: User talk:64.53.254.56


text:
Euroboy

Euroboy may refer to:

 * Euroboy, the stage name of Knut Schreiner, a Norwegian musician
 * Euroboys, a Norwegian band
 * "Euroboy" (song), a song by the Pet Shop Boys
 * Euroboy (magazine), a former gay pornographic magazine published by Millivres Prowler Group (MPG)

title: Euroboy


text:
Rolong tribe

Barolong is a tribe of Tswana people from Botswana and South Africa. Their King, Tau was the descendant of King Morolong who is the founder of Barolong tribe. He reigned around 1240 and adopted Tholo (the Kudu) as the Barolong totem. King Tau was a warrior king who reigned around 1660. He fought many battles and consolidated the Barolong tribe to become a very strong kingdom. He had many wives and begot many sons and daughters. The prominent four sons are Ratlou, Tshidi, Seleka and Rapulana. The Barolong tribe later used the names of the warrior King Tau's sons as their clan names. The Barolong tribe spread across the regions covering Botswana (erstwhile Bechuanaland), through to Transvaal, Northern Cape and Free State. Its important to note that King Tau’s heir to the throne was Ratlou. After the death of King Tau in Taung, a village in the North West province of South Africa which was named after Kgosi Tau, Barolong left Taung under Nthua, the younger brother of Tau. They settled in Dithakwaneng, and later, Dithakong, where Nthua died and was buried. Ratlou and the tribe left Dithakong for Mamusa, and later settled in their former capital i.e. Setlagole. This is the place where the kingship of Barolong disintegrated into a number of clans, after Tau's sons. This is after the death of Ratlou. Ratlou had four sons i.e. Mariba, Seitshiro, Mokalake and Moirwagale. Two of these sons fought for the throne, with Mokalake supporting Mariba while Moirwagale supported Seitshiro. Moirwagale became the Regent for Seitshiro while Mokalake became one for Mariba. Finally Barolong disintegrated into four clans, and later five. Their final settlements are as follows; Ratlou; Mariba (Ganyesa); Seitshiro (Khunwana); Tshidi and Makgetla-Mahikeng; Seleka-Thaba nchu; Rapulana-Bodibe.

The fierce battle between Mariba and Seitshiro ended up splitting Ratlou further into two sub-clans. The clan under Mariba resolved to reside in Bothithong, later Morokweng and finally established their capital in Ganyesa. They reigned over vast area in Vryburg and surrounding areas through kgosikgolo (paramount chiefs) Mariba, Moamogwa, Kegakilwe, Nchelang, Letlhogile and Thibogang. The Seitshiro clan was ruled by Seitshiro, Moshewa, Matlakoe, Gontse, Moshwete ..., in that order.

The second son Tshidi resided in Mahikeng (the Barolong boo rra Tshidi) with their chiefs being Thutlwa, KING Tawana, Montshiwa, Kebalepile and W. Montshiwa ..., in that order. The other clan (Barolong ba ga Seleka) resided in Thaba Nchu and their chiefs were Seleka, Koikoi/Mpolokang, Modimogale-a-Mpolokang, Moroka (Regent), Sefunelo (Regent), Moroka (Regent had issue with Phutiagae) Samuel (with Issue vs Tshipinare), Molekana ..., in that order.

It is important to note that Moroka was not the son of Koikoi/Mpolokang but his younger brother and therefore actual Regent for a much younger, Modimogale-a-Mpolokang. This is noted by Dr Silas Molema ‘Chief Moroka, The Life and Times’.

It is important to note that Samuel Moroka was banished to British Bechuanaland after the death/murder of co-claimant to the throne Tshipinare (1884).

Samuel Moroka and his followers eventually settled in Matsiloje, British Bechuanaland, where currently his descendants are settled with their leader Moipolai.

The followers and descendants of Tshipinare remain in Thaba Nchu and reside with their leader a descendant of Tshipinare, Kgosi Moroka.

The other clan (Barolong ba ga Rapulana), resided in Lotlhakane and Bodibe. Their chiefs were Rapulana, Molekana, Makhowe, Matlaba, Shuduntlhe, Ramolekane in that order.

The Barolong chiefs, Moroka (James Moroka) and Dr Silas Molema (Molema's are the uncles of the Barolong boo rra Tshidi), played a key role in formation of the liberation movement (African National Congress).

The first Morolong chief was Morolong, who lived many years ago around 1240, from whom the tribe derives its name and as he was laid to rest many of his sons never reconciled. Seleka is the first son of King Tau Morolong wa Thibela.

Rulers of the Rolong tribe: In Botswana the Rolong tribe is found in the Southern part of Botswana in Goodhope and villages surrounding it.
 * 1240 Morolong
 * 1270 Noto
 * 1300 Morara
 * 1330 Mabe
 * 1360 mabudi
 * 1390 Moloto
 * 1420 Mabeo
 * 1450 Modiboa
 * 1480 Tshesebe
 * 1510 Monnyane
 * 1540 Setlhare
 * 1570 Masepa
 * 1600 Mokgopha
 * 1630 Thibela
 * 1660 King Tau
 * 1690 Ratlou, Tshidi, Seleka, Rapulana
 * 1720 Seitshiro, Thutlwa, Koikoi, Molekane
 * 1750 Moshewa, KING Tawana, Moroka, Makhowe
 * 1780 Matlakoe, Montshioa Tawana, Sehunelo, Matlaba
 * 1810 Gontsi, Kebalepile, Moroka, Shuduntlhe
 * 1840 Moshwete, W. Montshioa, Samuele, Ramolekana
 * 1870 Molekana

title: Rolong tribe


text:
User:Mannaseejah

I am interested in biochemistry entheogens, religions, languages, computer science, LISP programming/AI, Server programming, and Cybernetic systems.

That sums me up in one sentance.

title: User:Mannaseejah


text:
Chorus (audio effect)

Chorus (or chorusing, choruser or chorused effect) is an audio effect that occurs when individual sounds with approximately the same time, and very similar pitches, converge. While similar sounds coming from multiple sources can occur naturally, as in the case of a choir or string orchestra, it can also be simulated using an electronic effects unit or signal processing device.

When the effect is produced successfully, none of the constituent sounds are perceived as being out of tune. It is characteristic of sounds with a rich, shimmering quality that would be absent if the sound came from a single source. The shimmer occurs because of beating. The effect is more apparent when listening to sounds that sustain for longer periods of time.

The chorus effect is especially easy to hear when listening to a choir or string ensemble. A choir has multiple people singing each part (alto, tenor, etc.). A string ensemble has multiple violinists and possibly multiples of other stringed instruments.

Acoustically created
Although most acoustic instruments cannot produce a chorus effect by themselves, some instruments (particularly, chordophones with multiple courses of strings) can produce it as part of their own design. The effect can make these acoustic instruments sound fuller and louder than by using a single tone generator (b.e.: a single vibrating string or a reed). Some examples:

 * Piano – Each of the hammers strikes a course of multiple strings tuned to nearly the same pitch (for all notes except the bass notes). Professional piano tuners carefully control the mistuning of each string to add movement without losing clarity. However, in some poorly-cared instruments (like the honky-tonk pianos), the effect is more prominent.
 * Santur (and similar coursed-hammered dulcimers) – As well as on the piano, the player can strike (by using a pair of manual hammers instead) a course of multiple strings tuned to nearly the same pitch. As the instrument is frequently tuned by the musicians themselves (rather than by professional tuners), the chorus effect is more easily heard than on the piano.
 * 12-string guitar, bajo sexto and Greek bouzouki – Courses with pairs of strings, tuned in octaves and unisons, create a distinctive complex shimmer. In the 12-string guitar, this effect is often accentuated by the use of open and modal tunings, such as open-G and DADGAD.
 * Colombian tiple, guitarrón chileno and tricordia – Courses of 3 (or more) strings, tuned in octaves and unisons, create a more complex shimmer and a fuller effect.
 * Mandolin, lute and oud – Courses with pairs of identically-tuned strings, as opposed to octaves and unisons on the 12-string guitar.
 * Accordion – two or three reed blocks tuned to nearly the same pitch, but with one a bit sharp, produce a unique and distinctive "musette" sound exclusive to the accordion, colloquially called a "wet" sound.
 * Pipe organ – The voix céleste [Fr.] (heavenly voice) is an organ stop consisting of either one or two ranks of pipes slightly out of tune. The term celeste refers to a rank of pipes detuned slightly so as to produce a beating effect when combined with a normally tuned rank. It is also used to refer to a compound stop of two or more ranks in which at the ranks are detuned relative to each other.

However, while the open strings of a standard-tuned guitar (or any single-stringed instrument like ukuleles, banjos, etc.) can't produce any chorus effect, it can also be obtained by the use of alternative tunings (such as the unisons-and-octaves-only "ostrich tuning" by Lou Reed); by playing chords or fingerings with "redundant" notes (like playing the open high E string and the same "E" note on the 5th fret of the B string); and/or by using extended techniques like bending while playing a note (like playing the 5th fret on the 2nd string and, simultaneously, playing a full-tone bending in the 7th fret on the 3rd string).

Ensembles of instruments and voices can produce a natural chorus effect, such as with a string orchestra or choir.

Electronic effect

The chorus effect can be simulated by a range of electronic and digital effects units and signal processing equipment, including software effects. The signal processor may be software running on a computer, software running in a digital effect processor, or an analog effect processor. If the processor is hardware-based, it may be packaged as a pedal, a rack-mount module, a table-top device, built into an instrument amplifier (often an acoustic guitar amplifier or an electric guitar amplifier), or even built into some electronic instruments, such as synthesizers, electronic pianos and Hammond organs.

The effect is achieved by taking an audio signal and mixing it with one or more delayed copies of itself. The pitch of the added voices is typically modulated by an LFO, which is implemented similarly to a flanger, except with longer delays and without feedback. In the case of the synthesizer, the effect can be achieved by using multiple, slightly detuned oscillators for each note, or by passing all the notes played through a separate electronic chorus circuit.

Stereo chorus effect processors produce the same effect, but it is varied between the left and right channels by offsetting the delay or phase of the LFO. The effect is thereby enhanced because sounds are produced from multiple locations in the stereo field. Used on instruments like "clean" (undistorted) electric guitar and keyboards, it can yield very dreamy or ambient sounds. Commercial chorus effect devices often include controls that enable them to be used to also produce delay, reverberation, or other related effects that use similar hardware, rather than exclusively as chorus effects.

In spite of the name, most electronic chorus effects do not accurately emulate the acoustic ensemble effect. Instead, they create a constantly moving electronic shimmer. Some pitch shift pedals create a slightly detuned unison effect which is more similar to the acoustic chorus sound.

Notable electronic chorus devices
Although the electronic chorus effect can be obtained by the multiple ways mentioned above, some devices have acquired a high status among musicians, especially in the "effect pedal" form.
 * Boss CE-1 – Released in 1976, it was one of the first chorus effect pedals commercially available, based on the same circuit from the Roland Jazz Chorus amplifier. It was originally conceived for keyboard and synthesizer players, but guitarists have utilized it as well, like John Frusciante (Red Hot Chili Peppers).
 * Boss CE-2 – A smaller pedal (in the standard Boss enclosure) than the CE-1, and a popular choice for guitarists during the 1980s.
 * Electro-Harmonix Small Clone – Used by Kurt Cobain (Nirvana).
 * TC Electronic Stereo Chorus.

Examples
Some examples of the use of "obviously chorused guitar tracks" include Red Hot Chili Peppers' "Soul to Squeeze" (0:00), Fripp & Eno's "Evensong" (0:37), Guns N’ Roses “ Paradise City” (0:00), Nirvana's "Come As You Are" (0:00, clearest at 0:48), Mike Stern's "Swunk" (0:00), and Satellite Party's "Mr. Sunshine" (0:19, right channel). The chorus effect was also a prominent hallmark of guitarist Andy Summers ("The Police"; Tracks: "Don't Stand so Close to Me", "Walking on The Moon", "Every Breath You Take").

title: Chorus (audio effect)


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Macchiato

Macchiato is an Italian word meaning 'marked' or 'stained', and may refer to:

 * Caffè macchiato, a.k.a. espresso macchiato, espresso coffee with a little milk
 * Latte macchiato, steamed milk with a little espresso coffee

Other uses

 * Wey Macchiato, a subcompact luxury crossover SUV

title: Macchiato


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Talk:Operation Return

I completely rewrote this article. It is now more detailed, including a better description of the events leading up to the battle as well as more details of the battle itself. It may still need fixes, in particular links, which for some reason I never think to add, but it should be a significant improvement over what was here before. Toroca 12:09, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

Exactly where did the name "Battle of Bajor" come from? I've seen it refered to as "Operation Return," and to my knowledge the Defiant was the only ship to make it to the Bajor system (before Starfleet broke through and the Prophets removed the Dominion ships in the wormhole). I could be wrong though, it's been a while since i've actually seen this episode.

Cardassian Status
I changed it from Dominion plus Cardassian Union to just the Dominion, as the Cardassians were part of the Dominion. It would be like listing Vulcan or Andor from the Federation. I will also change this for the other battles.

title: Talk:Operation Return


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User:Uniting Nations

Hello.

title: User:Uniting Nations


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Talk:Postal history

Adding Wiki' links
Two Wiki' links were added to the Postal History page here (Pony Express and Postage stamps and postal history of the United States), pages which are directly involved with Postal history, but were removed for this reason: -- Ww2censor: "why only one country specific link - all or none - the project is already linked on the talk page not here - keep the topics significant to the article" -- The link was not added with the idea that this is 'the only one', but was added as a contribution to the page with the hopes that other such links would be added by those who know of other such links. Are not those pages specific to Postal History?

It was my understanding that pages are supposed to be built a little at a time by multiple users. If we are to apply the 'all or none' rule to all pages it seems this would prohibit users from making related contributions of all sorts and it seems that Wikipedia would implode if links were roundly removed in such a fashion. Can no one add material about American postal history to this page until they are ready to include postal history material from all other countries? GWillHickers (talk) 14:51, 17 June 2010 (UTC)

 * Strongly agree. The remedy for coverage that is too nation-centric has to be supplementation for other nations, not rampant deletion. Otherwise we "throw the baby out with the bathwater". LADave (talk) 18:54, 16 November 2012 (UTC)

The defining of the terms Postal History and Covers by philatelists
I question the inclusion of "the study of postage stamps" in the definition in the first sentence. Normally, the study of postage stamps is considered "traditional philately", which excludes postal history.

The term "covers" should be defined, such as "pre-stamp folded letters, stamp franked letter envelopes, and franked post cards, that passed through the mails", and could be expanded to include postal receipts. Postal system rate and route publications and maps are also considered collectible postal history artifacts.

Similarly, in the "Subject based studies" section, Postal Stationery is not considered a study area of Postal History, but if used through the mails, postal stationery covers are just additional varieties of franked cover. A postal history exhibit of just postal stationery covers (not unused postal stationery) would be possible, but arbitrarily limited in scope.

Part of the usual description of postal history is "the study of rates, routes, and markings"; some add also "means" meaning means of transport. The study of rates is intimately connected with the postal services provided. Drbillellis 02:25, 15 June 2013 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Drbillellis (talk • contribs)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 8 one external links on Postal history. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20070422120850/http://www.linns.com:80/howto/refresher/airmails_20001030/refreshercourse.asp?uID= to http://www.linns.com/howto/refresher/airmails_20001030/refreshercourse.asp?uID=
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20041208201616/http://www.linns.com:80/howto/refresher/paquebot_20041213/refreshercourse.asp?uID= to http://www.linns.com/howto/refresher/paquebot_20041213/refreshercourse.asp?uID=
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20071014021638/http://www.linns.com/howto/refresher/railway_103006/refreshercourse.asp?uID= to http://www.linns.com/howto/refresher/railway_103006/refreshercourse.asp?uID=
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20070501102849/http://www.linns.com:80/howto/refresher/militaryPH_20021014/refreshercourse.asp?uID= to http://www.linns.com/howto/refresher/militaryPH_20021014/refreshercourse.asp?uID=
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20070422122152/http://www.linns.com:80/howto/refresher/rates_20010716/refreshercourse.asp?uID= to http://www.linns.com/howto/refresher/rates_20010716/refreshercourse.asp?uID=
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20070420155051/http://www.linns.com:80/howto/refresher/postalstationery_20020114/refreshercourse.asp?uID= to http://www.linns.com/howto/refresher/postalstationery_20020114/refreshercourse.asp?uID=
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20070422115214/http://www.linns.com:80/howto/refresher/postalhistory_19980803/refreshercourse.asp?uID= to http://www.linns.com/howto/refresher/postalhistory_19980803/refreshercourse.asp?uID=
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20071004212355/http://www.linns.com/howto/refresher/human_090505/refreshercourse.asp?uID= to http://www.linns.com/howto/refresher/human_090505/refreshercourse.asp?uID=

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 23:14, 18 March 2016 (UTC)

information accuracy
" For instance, a stamp apparently used before any other stamp of its type could be proved a forgery if it was postmarked at a location known not to have received any stamps until a later date."

In fact, authentic uses of stamps used from locations that did not receive supplies are common. These could have been brought to the post office by private individuals, or a post office employee could have brought them in from another post office. For many examples, see Alexander's 1847 cover census. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2600:1010:B163:B77E:7006:EF50:9E8F:7239 (talk) 01:19, 1 August 2016 (UTC)

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User talk:Uniting Nations

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Talk:Voltage multiplier

Thanks
Thanks Atlant....

 * You're welcome. As the Wiki FAQ says, be bold, because there's always someone who can help out!

 * By the way, you can easily "sign" your talk posts by ending them with four tildes ( ~ ). When you press (Save page), these will be replaced by your username (or IP address) in a handy Wikilinked format. This will also contain a timestamp for your posting.

 * Atlant 12:58, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

It works, Thanks, You are the man Scott 16:27:59, 2005-08-26 (UTC)

An error?
Correct me if I'm wrong, but I thought that the term voltage multiplier was primarly used to describe an AC-to-DC converter (constructed with capacitors and rectifiers). You can obviously transform it into DC-to-DC converter by means of an oscillator converting input DC to AC. Am I wrong? --filu 11:21, 28 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes you are absolutely right. Does need changing Scott 11:23, 28 October 2005 (UTC)

I also suggest not to merge as this is AC to DC converte when the charge pump is normally the DC to DC converter. Audriusa 19:16, 1 March 2006 (UTC)

 * See my comment here. -- Femmina 21:42, 2 April 2006 (UTC)

Other circuit topologies
I have done my best to interpret the very unclear text in the "Alternative diagrams" section (now renamed as above) and convert it into understandable circuit diagrams. Please let me know if I have anything wrong here and I will amend the drawings. I know the first one is actually used because it appears in the Cockcroft-Walton generator article, but the others I have not come across so I could have made some errors here.  Sp in ni ng  Spark  14:52, 2 January 2009 (UTC)

Capacitor size
How does one calculate the best size of capacitor for a particular circuit? Am I right that the capacitor size should be halved at each stage because the voltage is doubled? Biscuittin (talk) 19:38, 25 July 2009 (UTC)

 * No, the capacitor values should remain constant throughout the circuit. In series with many stages, capacitors lower on the cascade may have slightly higher values to reduce reactance. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.101.131.135 (talk) 23:54, 22 May 2010 (UTC)

Another Error?
I believe this circuit suggests the voltage is doubled by each stage but I believe this circuit simply adds the input voltage to each stage so Vout = Vin x no of stages. Not Vin x 2^(no of stages). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.117.53.189 (talk) 19:51, 30 June 2010 (UTC)

 * There is no such error in the article as far as I can see. If you can see one then fix it yourself.  Sp in ni  ng  Spark  07:42, 2 July 2010 (UTC)

Suggest merge
Suggest merging the contents of Voltage doubler and Voltage tripler to provode context and reduce redundancy. --Wtshymanski (talk) 17:30, 15 November 2011 (UTC)

Not really in favour of merging voltage doubler. Several circuits are specifically voltage doublers and cannot be extended to a general multiplier. There is also some history information that is specifically related to voltage doubler. A further objection is that voltage doubler is GA status: the target article should be brought up to the same standard before even considering a merge. Not such a strong case for voltage tripler though.  Spinning Spark  18:53, 15 November 2011 (UTC)

 * Oppose in part. I'd leave doubler alone; it has plenty of material. Tripler says little (do we care about dampness?) and could be merged into here. Glrx (talk) 17:16, 16 November 2011 (UTC)

Caption of Figure "Other circuit topologies"
In Fig. “Other circuit topologies”, what does this mean, “and upon any collapse from arcing capacitive energy can cancel”? That’s not a complete concept. Should it say something like this instead, replacing “and” with a period, “. If a capacitor breaks down, all the energy will be suddenly released in an electrical arc.”Michael McGinnis (talk) 07:00, 7 June 2012 (UTC)

Dickson charge pump - "break before make"
The driving waveforms for the Dickson pump are described as "...non-overlapping so that the switching behaviour is break-before-make" (edit by Spinningspark, 25 September 2011). This analogy with a switch is misleading. While there is no advantage in overlap, there is no need for "break before make". No larger current will flow during any overlap: the circuit will simply become less effective as the overlap increases. Indeed, the waveforms shown do not comply with "break before make" if you regard "make" as "negative drive". Maximum output is achieved when the driving signals are 50% square waves in exact antiphase. I can find no reference to "break before make" in connection with Dickson multipliers (except in the numerous copies of this article). I have removed the reference to "break before make".Mike Shepherd (talk) 09:28, 7 June 2012 (UTC)

Questions and comments
1. Why should the first image say "Villard cascade voltage multiplier" if the circuit was actually invented by Greinacher/Cockcroft–Walton? Shouldn't the caption use "Greinacher/Cockcroft–Walton cascade voltage multiplier" instead? The section on the Greinacher circuit of the voltage doubler clearly states "Villard" is a misnomer (Voltage_doubler).

2. I have a few questions about the images for the topologies. First image: where is the multiplication if the output is +V? Second image: why does the lower branch has only +V. Third image: text says "Stacking the two cascades provides an output of twice the voltage" so why does the image use +V and -V instead of +2V and -2V?

3. The use of VT could actually be misleading because VT is also the thermal voltage. I think VD is safer and avoids confusion.

4. It's not clear to me the purpose of having the image with caption "TV cascade (green) and flyback transformer (blue)."

ICE77 (talk) 19:03, 6 August 2015 (UTC)

 * Q2. The voltages are merely relative to the voltage from one stack of unspecified multiplication. For instance, the third image has a potential difference between the two stacks of +V--V = 2V, ie, twice the voltage of one stack.
 * Q3. VD would be even more misleading, as it is commonly used to mean the drain voltage. VT is clearly defined, so there should be no confusion, and is actually used by some textbook authors (eg ) whereas I have never seen anyone use VD.
 * Q4. "TV cascade" is a voltage multiplier and driving a multiplier from the flyback transformer was a common way of producing the HT supply in old CRT television sets. SpinningSpark 23:03, 19 August 2015 (UTC)

Spinningspark, thanks for the feedback.

1. Should the image continue to use "Villard" which appears to be wrong?

2. I see the difference in potential for the third circuit. I do not see the other two circuits.

3. All the links you posted point to VT as used in fact typically for a MOSFET for threshold voltage and not for a diode for forward voltage. The use of VD for diode voltage is not at all uncommon and in my opinion it's not misleading. Wikipedia itself uses it: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode#Shockley_diode_equation. The book entitled Microelectronic circuits by Adel Sedra in section 3.3.1 clearly shows VD in equations 3.6, 3.7 and Figure 3.10. Since VT is used twice before the image of the MOSFET implementation of the Dickson charge pump I assume it still refers to diodes.

4. If "TV cascade" is a type of voltage multiplier it would help to clearly state it in the article. I am myself not familiar with that naming.

ICE77 (talk) 01:52, 20 August 2015 (UTC)

 * 1. It's not wrong if that is what it's commonly called.

 * 2. The output of the first one is between the end of the cascade and the reference at the centre tap; so the potential difference is +V-0V = +V. The output of the second one is between the end of the top cascade and the reference at the bottom of the first cascade; +V++V=+2V and the potential difference is +2V-0V=+2V.

 * 3. Yes, but the switching device is not necessarily a diode, making VD inappropriate. In fact, the switching device in IC circuits is very commonly a MOSFET so VT is appropriate both for that specific case and for the general case.

 * 4. The article already repeatedly uses the term cascade. A TV cascade merely means a cascade used in a TV set and is not a special type.

 * SpinningSpark 16:00, 20 August 2015 (UTC)

1. Just because a food is commonly and erroneously called lasagna it does not mean that we should legitimate its spelling when the proper name is lasagne. That's the way I see it and the fact the section on the Greinacher circuit of the voltage doubler clearly states "Villard" is a misnomer is the indication that even if Villard is popular, it's not proper and it should not be called like that (Voltage_doubler). Maybe the article should have a note regarding this.

ICE77 (talk) 06:18, 27 August 2015 (UTC)

 * So would you rename the Morse code and Wheatstone bridge articles on that basis? I don't think you would get very far unless you first got the WP:COMMONNAME policy changed. It might be unfair that the original inventor is not honoured with an eponymous name, but Wikipedia is not the place for Righting Great Wrongs and in any case, the name is a long way from actually making the claim that Villard invented the circuit. SpinningSpark 15:19, 27 August 2015 (UTC)

 * I second Spinningspark. Glrx (talk) 03:24, 31 August 2015 (UTC)

A much clearer and more complete possible presentation
In voltage multipliers, the diodes are always set in series, but it is possible to arrange differently the capacitors on both side (the ones crossed by AC currents and the ones charged with DC voltages),see for instance: http://www.voltagemultipliers.com/pdf/Multiplier%20Design%20Guideline.pdf The capacitors can be set in series or parallel (see Half-wave Parallel Multiplier and Full-wave Serial Multiplier in the preceding document), leading to four implementations of the same idea. Unfortunately in the present page only the serial-serial configuration is presented. The modified Dickson charge pump is a possible introduction of the parallel-parallel configuration (although presented in a different manner that prevents to see the point discussed here), but the two serial-parallel and parallel-serial implementations are totally missing. Unfortunately I have not enough time to do the cleaning job now but the idea is very easy to grasp and to implement and will lead to a well constructed page instead of a patchwork of old ideas, any volunteer ?.--Henri BONDAR (talk) 13:22, 24 March 2016 (UTC)
 * "diodes are always set in series" may be an oversimplification, and I would like to see a better source than a manufacturers data sheet giving this classification. In any case, I don't think that source actually says diodes are always in series and all multipliers can be classified as series or parallel capacitors, it only lists the ones VMI make without making any such global statements.  How, for instance, would you classify a Delon voltage doubler under this scheme? SpinningSpark 14:32, 24 March 2016 (UTC)
 * Diodes in series is an empirical fact linked to the stacked voltage idea. I think that this point could be demonstrated (probably done somewhere). The Delon doubler (formely Latour doubler in France), is a single step full wave doubler. As such it implies a single capacitor for each alternation and then can be seen as a serial or a parallel case. The Greinacher doubler (formely Schenckel doubler in France) is also a degenerated case as it involves a single capacitor crossed by alternative current and a single capacitor charged with a constant voltage. So it will be classified either as serial-serial and parallel-parallel half-brige doubler. More generaly this classification does not apply to doublers (degenerated cases) but to higher order multipliers. In practice the serial-serial arrangements, if well tuned, imply to use capacitors able to sustain the same voltage but with capacitance values that decrease upwards, whereas the parallel-parallel arrangements, if well tuned, imply to use capacitors with equal capacitance but able to sustain higher voltages upwards. However it must be noticed that for large voltage ratios, mixed configurations are possible, as some capacitors can be grouped in series and other in paralell, albeight without clear practical interest.
 * I agree that other references are necessary to sustain this general classification. The background idea is to start the page with a modern description without removing the historical side that will remains in subsections. For the moment this page looks like a century old one to me. --Henri BONDAR (talk) 07:33, 25 March 2016 (UTC)

Breakdown voltage error
Presently this section says, "the individual components do not need to be rated to withstand the entire voltage range. Each component only needs to be concerned with the relative voltage differences directly across its own terminals and of the components immediately adjacent to it." This is not correct: Once the circuit is fully charged, each capacitor has a potential equal to the voltage at its stage. E.g., the last capacitor in a cascade generating xV needs to be rated to xV. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Dbooksta (talk • contribs) 13:38, 25 May 2016 (UTC)
 * Since the capacitors are essentially in series in a ladder circuit, it cannot possibly be true that they all carry the full voltage. However, what you say may be true of a charge pump design. SpinningSpark 14:59, 7 June 2016 (UTC)

Dickson charge pump using diode-wired MOSFETs

I was looking at the circuit on the right. The drain of the FETs is on the left and the source is on the right. I tried to simulate the circuit and when I do it like that I get a negative output voltage which doesn't make sense. I flipped the FETs so that source is on the left and drain is on the right. I get a positive voltage. What's the right polarity?

ICE77 (talk) 04:59, 15 March 2019 (UTC)

 * No, that doesn't make any sense – you don't have a source of negative voltage. Of the sources in the article, Liu gives the polarity shown (iirc, that's what the diagram is based on), and Yuan gives a diagram but does not show polarity.  This book also agrees with Liu and our article. SpinningSpark 14:18, 15 March 2019 (UTC)

 * The accompanying text specifically says "MOSFETs wired to behave as diodes". I simulated that aspect in isolation in the falstad circuit simulator (unfortunately, a direct link to the simulation is blocked by wikimedia, but it's easy enough to set up). Clearly, the N-channel MOSFET behaves as a diode when connecting G and S, not G and D. 2.244.168.131 (talk) 09:32, 4 November 2023 (UTC)
 * The picture is nominally correct. As wired, Vgs=Vds,  A positive Vds would turn the mosfet on.  However, this is a terrible way to do it, due the value of the Vgs threshold voltage.  The threshold voltage is high and variable compared to a Vbe of an NPN transistor with B wired to C.  I think this picture originally had NPN transistors that were switched out for Mosfets without actually analyzing the resulting design.  Iside an IC using mosfets, the gates of the arious transistors would be actively driven by a dedicated circuit, that is not shown.
 * Here is a more complete equivalent circuit of a mosfet: MISFET mit Inversdiode (Schaltzeichen).svg
 * When you wire G to D, you essentially turn-off the mosfet, leaving only the body diode shown here as a Zener diode. That is what is generating voltage in your simulation. Constant314 (talk) 14:17, 4 November 2023 (UTC)

Spinningspark, thanks for the comments. I see the links you provided (Liu and Ma/Bondade) are consistent with the image in this thread. I went back to simulate and the results do not make sense. If source must be on the left, if I have Vin=2V, what should be the amplitude of the phases and the polarity of the output?

ICE77 (talk) 07:40, 30 March 2019 (UTC)

 * I don't know how much more I can help, I really don't know any more than is in the sources. Yuan says you should get about 4V from a 4-stage circuit with 1.5V input.  That would be a positive polarity.  The amplitude of the clock phases depends, of course, on how they are generated, which isn't shown, but if I had to guess I would say they are swinging between $$V_\text {DD} - V_\text {T}$$ and $$V_\text {T}$$. SpinningSpark 08:26, 30 March 2019 (UTC)
 * There is indeed a weakness in the description of the Dickson cascade: "D1 is then turned off and D2 turned on and C2 begins to charge to 2Vin. " Well, not quite.
 * If C1 and C2 are the same size (implicit assumption) then that makes a capacitive voltage divider and the voltage goes up only to 1.5Vin.
 * This is what a simulation and also what real life shows. Cost me a redesign ... 31.193.165.228 (talk) 15:28, 25 October 2022 (UTC)

Incorrect caption of Cockcroft-Walton multiplier
I think the caption of the picture of the Cockcroft-Walton multiplier is wrong. The caption says it's a doubler, but the circuit show in a a 4x multiplier. (the picture itself is from the separate page https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cockcroft%E2%80%93Walton_generator where the caption simply calls it a multiplier, and the accompanying text clear describes the 4x operation. — Preceding unsigned comment added by WestfW (talk • contribs) 23:09, 6 September 2019 (UTC)
 * I agree. The caption also (correctly) states that this is twice the pk-pk voltage of the supply.  But peak voltage is the conventional reference, not pk-pk. SpinningSpark 11:52, 7 September 2019 (UTC)
 * I corrected the caption. Addition: It's totally the SAME circuit as the first image (Villard multiplier). Just drawn slightly differently. So do we need the same circuit twice? Also, in the first image "Us" is not widely understood I think - we usually indicate RMS voltage next to AC sources, while here the output is 4x the peak (if unloaded). It could also be mentioned that not only the output ripple but output peak depends strongly on Rload and C values. Hoemaco (talk) 08:46, 22 April 2021 (UTC)
 * Okay so I don't understand Spinningspark - you said peak is the conventional reference, not pk-to-pk, yet you reversed my edit in the image caption, which said 4x peak (which is of course same as 2x peak to peak). Also, you reverted to the misleading name of voltage doubler - it doubles the peak to peak, but as mentioned, most people use peak only and as such it is a quadrupler circuit. And there's still the problem I said that the first circuit in the article is totally the same, but with a different name and with an output formula written as 4 Us. Which in itself contradicts this other image. Hoemaco (talk) 20:36, 26 July 2021 (UTC)
 * My mistake, I thought I was reverting something else. I've self reverted. SpinningSpark 10:32, 8 August 2021 (UTC)

Okay so the first image (Villard) and third image (Cockroft-Walton) are still the same circuit. Which one should be deleted? Which name is more appropriate? Hoemaco (talk) 19:35, 22 June 2022 (UTC)
 * Why do you want to delete either of them? The lead needs an image, and it doesn't really matter if that is the same/similar circuit shown later in the article.  SpinningSpark 14:01, 23 June 2022 (UTC)

 * By the way, I am not at all sure that it is correct to label this circuit a Villard circuit. Villard's orginal paper gives only a single diode device (see Voltage doubler) without a smoothing stage.  This book shows two different topologies for multiple stage Cockcroft-Walton and Villard multipliers, although I am pretty sure the diagram annotation has "c" and "d" the wrong way round since "d" (as marked) is definitely the Cockroft-Walton. SpinningSpark 14:14, 24 June 2022 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Voltage multiplier


text:
The Floorwalker

The Floorwalker is a 1916 American silent comedy film, Charlie Chaplin's first Mutual Film Corporation film. The film stars Chaplin, in his traditional Tramp persona, as a customer who creates chaos in a department store and becomes inadvertently entangled in the nefarious scheme of the store manager, played by Eric Campbell, and the store's floorwalker, played by Lloyd Bacon, to embezzle money from the establishment. The film is noted for the first "running staircase" used in films which is used for a series of slapstick that climaxes with a frantic chase down an upward escalator and finding they are remaining in the same position on the steps no matter how fast they move. Edna Purviance plays a minor role as a secretary to the store manager.

Plot
The store manager and the floorwalker are conspiring to rob the store's safe.

Charlie enters the department store and annoys the staff with his antics, primarily taking a shave on the shaving product table. He has a fight with the floor manager. The store detective keeps a close eye on him.

When the store manager and floorwalker finish putting the safe's contents into a bag, the floorwalker knocks out the manager and flees with the money. Just as the floorwalker is about to exit, he encounters Charlie who looks very much like him. He persuades Charlie to act as his substitute. Nevertheless, the floorwalker is arrested, but Charlie ends up holding the bag. The manager thinks Charlie is the floorwalker who stole the money and throttles him. Charlie does not understand why he attacks him. Charlie waters the hats with flowers on then goes to the shoe department to help a girl.

The manager finds his female secretary with the bag and takes it. Trying to slip out he puts it down in the suitcase department and Charlie sells it to a customer. Back in the office he carries Charlie by the throat then they fight.

He then sees Charlie with the bag and begins to chase him around the store. At one point the two men are running down an upward escalator without getting anywhere.

Police become involved in the chase and the manager ends up with his head stuck in an elevator—while Charlie helps to keep it there.

Cast

 * Charlie Chaplin as the New Floorwalker (Tramp)
 * Eric Campbell as Store manager
 * Edna Purviance as Manager's secretary
 * Lloyd Bacon as Assistant manager
 * Albert Austin as Shop assistant
 * Charlotte Mineau as Beautiful store detective
 * Leo White as A Customer
 * Henry Bergman as Old Man (uncredited)
 * Frank J. Coleman as Janitor (uncredited)
 * Bud Jamison (Small Role, uncredited)
 * James T. Kelley as Lift Boy (uncredited)
 * Tom Nelson as Detective (uncredited)
 * John Rand as Policeman (uncredited)
 * Wesley Ruggles as Policeman (uncredited)
 * Tiny Sandford (Small Role, uncredited)

Production
The Floorwalker was the first film Chaplin made for the Mutual Company. It also marked the first Chaplin comedy in which Eric Campbell played the huge, menacing villain. This film also marked Henry Bergman's first of numerous appearances in Chaplin films. Bergman would typically play an authority figure or an upper-crust society gentleman—the perfect comic foil for Charlie's Tramp character. Bergman would work closely with Chaplin until his death from a heart attack in 1946.

Mirror sequence
Roughly seven minutes from the start of the film, Chaplin and the store's floorwalker, Lloyd Bacon, stumble into opposite doors of an office and are intrigued by their likeness to each other. They mirror each other's movements to deft comic effect in a way that is believed to have inspired the "mirror scene" in Max Linder's Seven Years Bad Luck (1921). In that comedy film, Max's servants accidentally break a mirror and try to hide their mistake by having one of them dress just like their employer. Then, when Max looks into the non-existent glass, the disguised servant mimics his every action. Another possibility is that Chaplin was inspired by Linder, since Linder performed a similar mirror routine in his 1913 short Le duel de Max.

Max Linder's movie in turn inspired many similar scenes, most famously in the Marx Brothers film Duck Soup. Later renditions can be found in the Bugs Bunny cartoon Hare Tonic, the Mickey Mouse cartoon Lonesome Ghosts, the Tom and Jerry cartoon Cat and Dupli-cat and in the TV series Family Guy and The X-Files. A scene in The Pink Panther, with David Niven and Robert Wagner wearing identical gorilla costumes, mimics the mirror scene. Harpo Marx did a reprise of this scene, dressed in his usual costume, with Lucille Ball also donning the fright wig and trench coat, in an episode of I Love Lucy. Additionally, an early episode of The Patty Duke Show contains a mirror scene in which the characters Patty and Cathy Lane (both played by Patty Duke) act out a version similar to the one found in the film Duck Soup.

Review
Maxson F. Judell glowingly wrote of The Floorwalker in the Madison (WI) State Journal, "Performing in inimitable style on an escalator, or in common parlance, a moving stairway, injecting new 'business' such as he has not given the public in previous comedies, producing the film carefully with adequate settings and excellent photography, supported by a well-chosen cast, Charles Chaplin proves conclusively that he is without question of doubt the world's greatest comedian. Chaplin possesses that indefinable something which makes you laugh heartily and without restraint at what in others would be called commonplace actions."

Sound version
In 1932, Amedee Van Beuren of Van Beuren Studios, purchased Chaplin's Mutual comedies for $10,000 each, added music by Gene Rodemich and Winston Sharples and sound effects, and re-released them through RKO Radio Pictures.

title: The Floorwalker


text:
Upper Demerara-Berbice

Upper Demerara-Berbice (Region 10) is a region of Guyana, bordering the regions of Essequibo Islands-West Demerara, Demerara-Mahaica and Mahaica-Berbice to the north, the region of East Berbice-Corentyne to the east, and the regions of Potaro-Siparuni and Cuyuni-Mazaruni to the west.

It contains Guyana's second largest city, Linden, with notable villages including Ituni, Kwakwani, Kurupukari, Rockstone and Takama.

Kimbia is the first training center to house the Guyana National Service. The Pioneer Corps was started in 1974, with the establishment of Kimbia Center on the Berbice River.

Population
The Government of Guyana has administered three official censuses since the 1980 administrative reforms, in 1980, 1991 and 2002. In 2012, the population of Upper Demerara-Berbice was recorded at 39,452 people. Official census records for the population of the Upper Demerara-Berbice region are as follows:

 * 2012 : 39,452
 * 2002 : 41,112
 * 1991 : 39,608
 * 1980 : 38,641

Communities
(including name variants):

 * Christianburg (part of Linden)
 * Cockatara Village
 * Hururu
 * Ituni (Ituni Townsite, Itoni Township)
 * Kumaka (Coomacka)
 * Kurupukari
 * Kwakwani
 * Linden
 * Mackenzie (McKenzie) (part of Linden)
 * Noitgedacht
 * Rockstone
 * Takama (Tacama)
 * Watooka (Watuka Village)
 * Wismar (Wisemar) (part of Linden)

title: Upper Demerara-Berbice


text:
Aleksey Batalov

Aleksey Vladimirovich Batalov (Алексе́й Влади́мирович Бата́лов; 20 November 1928 – 15 June 2017 ) was a Soviet and Russian stage and film actor, film director, screenwriter, and pedagogue acclaimed for his portrayal of noble and positive characters. He was named a People's Artist of the USSR in 1976 and a Hero of Socialist Labour in 1989.

Life and career
Batalov was born on 20 November 1928 in Vladimir, into a family associated with the theatre. His uncle Nikolai Batalov starred in Vsevolod Pudovkin's classic Mother (1926). The Modernist poet Anna Akhmatova was a family friend, and he painted a well-known portrait of her in 1952. Batalov joined the Moscow Art Theatre in 1953 but left three years later to concentrate on his career in film. During the Khrushchev Thaw he was one of the most recognizable actors in the Soviet Union. The Cranes Are Flying (1957) is his best-regarded film of the period, and the one which won the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival. He also starred in Mikhail Romm's Nine Days of One Year (1962). In 1967 he was a member of the jury of the 5th Moscow International Film Festival. In 1973 he was a member of the jury at the 8th Moscow International Film Festival.

During the 1960s and 1970s, Batalov became known for his fastidious approach towards choosing roles for himself. He appeared mostly in film adaptations of Russian classics, including Anton Chekhov's The Lady with the Dog (1960) and Bulgakov's The Flight (1970). He also directed screen versions of Gogol's The Overcoat (1960) and Yuri Olesha's Three Fat Men (1966). In the 1970s he concentrated on a professorship at the Gerasimov Institute of Cinematography.

In 1979, Batalov was invited to play Gosha, a mill machinist, in the melodrama Moscow Does Not Believe in Tears. After much hesitation, Batalov agreed to play his part in the movie, for which he won the USSR State Prize. The role was central to the film's Soviet message. As one character says in the picnic scene: "Seventy percent of my doctorate was due to Gosha's mechanical genius". After that, he effectively retired from acting and devoted his time to coaching new generations of film actors. Boris Yeltsin presented the Lifetime Achievement Nika Award to him in 2002. Batalov was awarded the State Prize of the Russian Federation (2005).

In 2007, he received a Lifetime Achievement Award at the 29th Moscow International Film Festival.

In March 2014, he signed a letter in support of the position of the President of Russia Vladimir Putin on Russia's military intervention in Ukraine.

Batalov died on 15 June 2017 in Moscow from complications of a fall, which resulted in a hip fracture, at the age of 88.

Honours and awards

 * Awards of Russia and the USSR:
 * Hero of Socialist Labour (1989)
 * Order "For Merit to the Fatherland":
 * 2nd class (20 November 2008) – for outstanding contribution to the development of national culture, for his many years of creative and educational activities
 * 3rd class (10 November 1998) – for outstanding contributions to the development of national cinematography
 * Vasilyev Brothers State Prize of the RSFSR (1966) – for his role in the movie Nine Days in One Year
 * Two Orders of Lenin (1967, 1989)
 * Lenin Komsomol Prize (1967)
 * Honored Artist of the RSFSR (1964)
 * People's Artist of the RSFSR (1969)
 * People's Artist of the USSR (1976)
 * USSR State Prize (1981) – for his role in the movie Moscow Does Not Believe in Tears
 * State Prize of the Russian Federation (2005)
 * Russian Presidential Prize in Literature and Art in 1999 (17 February 2000)

 * Foreign awards:
 * Order of St. Cyril and Methodius (Bulgaria)

 * Community Awards:
 * Order of Peter the Great (Academy of Security, Defence and Law Enforcement, 2003)
 * Juno Award (1997)
 * Idol Award (2002) – For high service to art
 * Commemorative Medal for the 150th anniversary of Anton Chekhov, by the Moscow Art Theatre (2005)

Actor

 * Zoya (Зоя, 1944) as Alyosha Batalov, Zoya's classmate (uncredited)
 * A Big Family (1954) as Aleksey Ilich Zhurbin
 * Mikhaylo Lomonosov (1955) as Muzhik
 * Mother (1955) as Pavel Vlasov
 * The Rumyantsev Case (Дело Румянцева, 1956) as Sasha Rumyantsev
 * The Cranes Are Flying (1957) as Boris
 * Dorogoy moy chelovek (1958)
 * Shinel (1959) (uncredited)
 * The Lady with the Dog (1960) as Dmitri Dmitrievich Gurov
 * Nine Days of One Year (Девять дней одного года, 1962) as Dmitri Gusev
 * A Day of Happiness (1963) as Alexander Nikolaevich Beryozkin
 * Svet dalyokoy zvezdy (1965) as Lukashov
 * Three Fat Men (1966) as Tibul
 * V gorode S. (1967) as Shergov
 * The Seventh Companion (Седьмой спутник, 1968) as commissar
 * The Living Corpse (Живой труп, 1968) as Fyodor Protasov
 * Vnimanie, cherepakha! (1970)
 * The Flight (Бег, 1971) as Sergei Pavlovich Golubkov
 * Vozvrata net (1974) as Aleksey Vladimirovich Yegorov
 * A Very English Murder (1974) as Dr. Botwink
 * Nezabytaya pesnya (1975) as Mikola
 * The Captivating Star of Happiness (Звезда пленительного счастья, 1975) as Sergei Petrovich Trubetskoy
 * Rikki-Tikki-Tavi (1979)
 * Moscow Does Not Believe in Tears (Москва слезам не верит, 1980) as Georgy Ivanovich "Gosha"
 * Speed (Скорость, 1983) as Igor Vladimirovich Lagutin
 * O lyudyakh atomakh (1983)
 * Time for rest from Saturday to Monday (Время отдыха с субботы до понедельника, 1984) as Pavel
 * Dose cheloveka v 'Mersedese' (1986)
 * Zontik dlya novobrachnykh (1987) as Dmitriy Pavlovich Kraskov
 * Stalin's Funeral (Похороны Сталина, 1990) as Eugene's father
 * Poltergeyst-90 (1991)
 * ...Pervaya lyubov (1995) (voice)
 * Rokovye yaytsa (1996)
 * Malenkaya printsessa (1997)
 * Karnavalnaya noch 2, ili 50 let spustya (2007) (final film role)

Director

 * The Overcoat (1959)
 * Three Fat Men (1966)
 * The Gambler (1972)

Voice

 * Hedgehog in the Fog (1975) as Narrator
 * The Adventures of Lolo the Penguin (1988) as Narrator

title: Aleksey Batalov


text:
Apliu Street

Apliu Street is a street in the Sham Shui Po area of Kowloon, Hong Kong.

Location
Apliu Street runs parallel to Cheung Sha Wan Road between Yen Chow Street and Nam Cheong Street. An easy way to reach it is to get off at the MTR Sham Shui Po station. Use the A2 or C2 exit and you will be ascending directly into Apliu Street.

Name
The Cantonese name "apliu" (鴨寮) comes from a village which was formerly located nearby but has long since been buried underneath the urbanization of Sham Shui Po.

Retail
Apliu Street is home to a bustling street market selling electronics, electrical components, and related items. A shopper can find both new and used merchandise in the area. Apliu Street is well known for geek shopping, and at one time it had an unsavoury reputation as a "thieves' market".

While Apliu Street is famous for electronic parts, the Golden Shopping Arcade on the opposite side of Cheung Sha Wan Road is famous for computer hardware, video games, and related items.

Trivia
The shop Kong Wah Telecom (HK) Limited (near the junction of Kweilin Street) was a site of the Detour in the eleventh leg of the reality TV show The Amazing Race 27.

title: Apliu Street


text:
Ellerslie Park

Ellerslie Park is an exclusive residential development in the northwestern corner of Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago. The development is in the shape of an oval with a single entrance. No two homes are the same, a result of each home being built to the specifications of its original owner. Apart from private homes, Ellerslie Park is also the location of official residencies belonging to senior government officials and foreign diplomats. It is located within walking distance of the Queen's Park Savannah and various hotels and shopping facilities.

Status
It is the smallest administrative unit in Trinidad and Tobago, as compared to the German location. This community covers a few streets in urban areas, but also large areas in rural areas. Trinidad and Tobago is administratively divided into 612 communities, Ellerslie Park being one of them. The term "district" has only an informal meaning in Trinidad and Tobago.

Position
Ellerslie Park is located to the north west of the Port of Spain, on the border between the large boroughs of Saint James and Maraval. Ellerslie Park is bounded on the east by Saddle Road and on the north by Long Circular Road. It borders the Long Circular community to the west and Federation Park to the south. Formally, Ellerslie Park is in the territory of three administrative regions of Trinidad, namely the autonomous city of Port of Spain and the regions of Diego Martin and San Juan-Laventille. However, the community is managed exclusively by the Port of Spain.

Story
The area of what is now Ellerslie Park belonged to the Swiss Zurcher family in the late 19th century, who had migrated to Trinidad around 1850, and who named their mansion and its surrounding areas the Blarneys. Around 1900 the property was bought and renamed "Ellerslie" by the English-born Rapsey family, who owned food processing plants and plantations in Trinidad. The name "Ellerslie" comes from Old English and means "field of elder trees" or "field of elder bushes". The reason the Rapsey family gave the area that name is unknown. Elderberry does not grow in Trinidad, but it does in the family's English homeland.

From 1939 to 1943 there was an internment camp for Germans who were imprisoned as opponents of the war between Trinidadian colonial power and Great Britain in the area of today's Ellerslie Park. Ironically, this only affected a few German soldiers (mostly captured U-boat crews) or members of the merchant marine, but primarily the almost 600 Jews of German origin who had fled to Trinidad from the Nazi regime. From 1955 the area was used again for civil purposes when the Office of the British High Commissioner bought the property at 1 Ellerslie Park and had the British Trade Commissioner's home built there.

In the 1960s, Ellerslie Park briefly made national headlines when an Islamic Missionaries Guild (IMG) cultural center was to be built on its western edge - immediately adjacent to the residence of the US Ambassador, who promptly intervened with the Trinidadian government. The latter granted the request and offered IMG an alternative plot of land in the Mucurapo district further south-west. In 1976, the Trinidadian writer Marion Patrick Jones erected a monument to the district whose elegant villas represent the life goal of the lower-middle-class Grant family in her novel J'Ouvert Morning.

Economy and transport
Ellerslie Park is an upper-class neighborhood; many diplomats and senior civil servants live there. In the southeast of the community is Ellerslie Plaza, a large shopping center with restaurants and boutiques. The neighborhood is home to the Trinidadian branch of China Railway Construction, a Chinese state-owned railway company – Trinidad hasn't had a railway since 1968. Ellerslie Park is connected via Saddle Road to the center of Port of Spain with the district of St. Clair and Queen's Park Savannah as well as to the North Coast Road leading to the north coast of Trinidad. All tourist traffic between Port of Spain and the north coast beaches passes through Ellerslie Park. The Saint James district is accessed via the Long Circular Road.

Facilities
The Catholic Church of the Assumption, serving the northern Maraval neighborhood, is in the community area. Designed by Anthony C. Lewis in 1948, the building is considered an example of modern Trinidadian architecture.

Personalities
Former Prime Minister and President of Trinidad A.N.R. Robinson lived in Ellerslie Park until his death.

title: Ellerslie Park


text:
Talk:Godzilla vs. King Ghidorah

Untitled
.Read this;

GODZILLA VS KING GHIDORAH and the HEISEI TIMELINE Author: Keith Aiken, SciFi Japan http://www.scifijapan.com/

Kazuki Omori is a very sloppy writer, but GODZILLA VS KING GHIDORAH does fit within the Heisei timeline without ruining or contradicting the other films. Just saying the movie is not part of continuity or that it erases the events in GODZILLA 1985 and BIOLLANTE may be easy, but it's not accurate according to Toho. Since they make and own these movies it's their call. With a little effort, seeing how the pieces fit together is not too hard.

There are a few things the viewer needs to keep in mind regarding the Heisei films: 1. Toho says the timeline included G54 and G85-to DESTOROYAH. That's it, no adding or cutting of movies. 2. A good explanation should not contradict anything shown in any of those movies. 3. The viewer should add as little guesswork to the story as possible. Any explanation that requires a lot of fan-created events never shown onscreen is junk IMO.

Combining sloppy writing and time travel is just asking for problems, but if you follow the 3 'rules' above the Heisei Godzilla timeline goes like this:

GODZILLA VS KING GHIDORAH picks up with Godzilla still weakened by the ANB virus from GODZILLA VS BIOLLANTE. During the military conference early in GODZILLA VS KING GHIDORAH Miki states that Godzilla is so weak he hasn't moved from his resting place in the Sea of Japan in nearly 3 years.

The Futurians appear in 1992. They have a book written by reporter Kenichiro Terasawa that theorizes that Godzilla was created from a dinosaur that was discovered on Lagos Island during WWII. The Futurians say that their own analysis shows a 90% chance the Terasawa is right. Two things contradict that; Yamane's theory behind G54 in the original GODZILLA (which was conceived by Godzilla’s creators Ishiro Honda and Tomoyuki Tanaka with writer Takeo Murata), and the events in DESTOROYAH (also written by Omori, the writer/director of GODZILLA VS KING GHIDORAH) that prove the 54 and 84-95 Godzillas are two different beasts. If the Lagos dinosaur was G54, then preventing its transformation into Godzilla would have zero effect on G84. The Futurians’ plan is flawed from the start.

The Futurians say that Godzilla will soon revive and attack nuclear power plants, causing fallout that will make Japan uninhabitable for centuries. Emi later tells Terasawa that this is a lie; in her time Godzilla had never recovered from the ANB. For all intents and purposes he was beaten. The Futurians real plan was to take over Japan before it could become the most powerful nation on earth.

The group travels back in time to 1944. Miki senses that the dinosaur is Godzilla, but she has never met the 1954 Godzilla. Of course she recognizes it as the Godzilla she encountered in GODZILLA VS BIOLLANTE.

The wounded dinosaur is teleported to the Bering Sea in 1944. It is NOT transported thru time as many people incorrectly assume.

The group returns to 1992 to find things are exactly the same as when they left, and everyone still remembers Godzilla (you think that would be a tip off). Futurian leader Wilson receives a report from the Japanese Self Defense Force that Godzilla is no longer in the Sea of Japan (you think he'd bother to check for himself, but he doesn't). This is easily explained; Godzilla simply moved. In Omori's GODZILLA VS BIOLLANTE the JSDF cannot track Godzilla when he is moving underwater. This was shown at the mid-point of that film; watch the scene where they expected Godzilla to attack Tokyo and were caught completely off-guard when he surfaced near Osaka instead.

The Futurians betray everyone, and Shindo's nuclear sub heads to the Bering to attempt to recreate Godzilla from the dinosaur.

Miki senses Godzilla (not the dinosaur) moving slowly in the Bering Sea, which further proves Godzilla was not removed from history. This surprises Terasawa, so he does some research and finds a newspaper report on a nuclear submarine that sank in the Bering Sea in the 1970s. This nuclear accident is what mutated the dinosaur into the 84 Godzilla; by moving the dinosaur the Futurians didn't “uncreate” G54, they aided the creation of G84. This is confirmed when Shindo's sub doesn't find the dinosaur, but an ANB-weakened Godzilla instead. Godzilla absorbs the sub's nuclear energy, which burns off the ANB infection and increases Godzilla's size to 100 meters.

Everything else is in the film pretty clear, I think.

The Heisei Series timeline goes like this: 1944: Dinosaur moved to Bering Sea. March 1954: Bikini H Bomb test. 1954: The H Bomb tests mutate an amphibious creature into the first Godzilla (50 meters tall), and destroy its undersea environment. This leads to the events shown in the original GODZILLA; when the first Godzilla attacks Japan and is killed by the Oxygen Destroyer. Late 1970s: Nuclear sub accident in Bering Sea creates 2nd Godzilla (80 meters tall) from dinosaur (proof: newspaper headline in GODZILLA VS KING GHIDORAH) 1984: Events in GODZILLA 1985. 2nd Godzilla attacks Japan and is dumped into volcano at Mt Mihara. 1990: Events in GODZILLA VS BIOLLANTE. Godzilla is infected by ANB. 1992: Events in GODZILLA VS KING GHIDORAH. 1993-1994: GODZILLA AND MOTHRA, GODZILLA VS MECHAGODZILLA II 1995: GODZILLA VS SPACE GODZILLA refers to events in BIOLLANTE, proving that film is still part of the timeline. 1996: GODZILLA VS DESTOROYAH refers to events in the original GODZILLA, and states clearly that the original and Hesiei Godzillas are not the same monster.

This by no means a perfect explanation, but it answers most of the questions and should clear up some of the confusion. User:Dark-Hyena 02:40, 17 March 2007 (UTC)

Not Anti-American??
How can he claim this? The villains in the film were Westerners, and there was the scene where the Godzillasaurus was eating American soldiers! How can the director say it wasn't meant to be anti-American? Scorpionman 17:37, 4 October 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:GXKG Poster.jpg
Image:GXKG Poster.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

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BetacommandBot (talk) 18:05, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

IMDB needs to learn to give credit.
The trivia posted by IMDB and falsely credited to them is in fact taken almost verbatim from The Official Godzilla Compendium, written by J.D. Lees and Marc Cerasini, published by Random House in 1998. It's on the bottom half of page 82. Hypershell (talk) 21:38, 12 January 2008 (UTC)

Why it isn't anti-american
first off, just because the villains are westerners doesn't mean that the film is anti-american. And guess what? American troops and japanese troops really DID fight in the pacific, so thats just a reflection of history. One must understand that in every country and culture soldiers are honored for their sacrifices, even if the cause wasn't just. Also, the reason they didn't depict the japanese troops fighting chinese troops should be obvious, China is right next door, and hasn't yet forgotten the destruction of WWII, they would have been a whole lot angrier than we ever would be. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 137.49.223.168 (talk) 22:32, 23 March 2008 (UTC)

Citations needed
After the film was released in Japan, Toho commissioned a Hong Kong company to dub the film into English. Instead of creating a unique title screen for the movie, as had been done with the previous international versions of Godzilla films, the international title for the film was simply superimposed over the Japanese title.

The complete international English version of Godzilla vs. King Ghidorah (except for the opening Toho logos) was released on video in the United Kingdom by Manga Video on June 5, 1995. Less than a month later, Manga also released an international version of Godzilla vs. Mothra on video. In Italy, Yamato Video dubbed the international version of both movies into Italian using the complete international prints for both films.

The film sold approximately 2,700,000 tickets in Japan, and grossed around $11,000,000 (U.S).

In 1992, the film won the Japan Academy Award for special effects.

Lagos vs. Ragos Island
At 9:51 in the film, a map is shown with the island spelled as Ragos, but the handful of English-language websites I've come across, as well as this article, spells it as Lagos. (I will grant that, at least to my ear, the dubbed dialog sounds like Lagos). Is this somehow the standardized English spelling? If it's going to be spelled Lagos, the article should probably note that the island in the film is fictional and not to be confused with the real Lagos Island in Nigeria. BW95 (talk) 07:08, 25 January 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Godzilla vs. King Ghidorah