text:
Talk:M72 LAW

Progression from the Bazooka?
If the LAW is a single use weapon, isn't this a disadvantage as compared to the original Bazooka (granted it does not leave a smoke trail and has no recoil)? I think there should be mention of the reasoning of this change in the article.

I think that would be better put into an article on infantry anti-tank weapons and the change in personal infantry anti-tank weapons from mostly reloadable, to a very high percentage of disposable weapons, and then back again recently. The M72 replaced the M20A1/M20A1B1 "Super-Bazooka" which had itself replaced the M9A1 Bazooka. The M72 was then replaced with another disposable weapon, the M136. However, in the United States military, a return to heavier weapons, such as the Mk 153 Mod 0 SMAW and the Carl Gustav M3 show that perhaps the disposable trend may be in the process of being reversed.

 * Sure, go ahead.
 * Also, why does the title say the weapon is a LAW but in the article it says the weapon is a Light Anti :Armor Weapon (LAAW)? Dilbert 02:30, 27 January 2006 (UTC)

 * According to US Army TM 9-1340-214-10, it is a Light Antitank Weapon (LAW) system, so I changed it, because this is straight from the manual. There is no mention of the LAAW acronym in the manual talking specifically about the M72.  Thatguy96 21:54, 26 January 2006

 * It was known as the LAW (Light Anti-Tank Weapon) when I was at West Point in 1971. Perhaps the Marines had a different name for it. anyoneis 18:50, 7 May 2014 (UTC)

Why is it Disposable?
What's the point of a disposable rocket launcher? Doesn't it cost more money and isn't it more convenient to have a reloadable weapon like an RPG-7?220.101.101.183 08:57, 30 August 2006 (UTC)?
 * I can think of a couple of advantages off the top of my head, easier from a logistics POV to have a disposable unit that you can just treat as a round of ammo, and once you've used up your ammo for a launcher such as the RPG-7, you're left with a 15lb club to carry around. Just playing devil's advocate here, personally I think that reloadable is the way to go for reasons of cost and versatility.  The weight becomes less of an issue if ammo for the launcher is also carried by people other than the grenadier. Riddley 15:43, 30 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Riddley is basically correct IMHO...The LAAW (which I thought was the original abbreviation - Light Anti Armor Weapon, not Anti Tank) was designed as "throw away" weapon. Most likely due to comparisons of what a soldier can actually carry: i.e. a comparison of the weight of a couple of LAAWs vs the weight of a permanent launcher and a bunch of warheads (or whatever their called) distributed amongst a squad. In other words, maybe half the squad members carrying a LAAW or two each works out better than one or two guys carry a launcher and one round apiece, and everyone else humping addit'l rounds... The LAAW is basically a fiberglass tube and the important part is the warhead. For anything re-loadable, the importance shifts to the launcher - you'd have to have a metal launcher, maintain it like your rifle, etc etc... The advent of helicopter warfare (1950s-60s) made resupply of disposable equipment much more viable too....Engr105th 00:00, 10 July 2007 (UTC)

You know that the correct designation is M72 Light Antitank Weapon (LAW). What's with all the LAAWs? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 216.37.220.169 (talk) 19:03, 26 April 2009 (UTC)
 * With regard to the LAAW, this seems to have been a semi-official designation of sorts for the Marine Corps, at least during the Vietnam era.--172.190.14.15 (talk) 20:37, 24 December 2011 (UTC)

from experiences in Afghanistan, soldiers say to bend the tube after firing, as the Taliban will later attach a metal plate with a nail through it to the bottom of the tube and use it as an impromptu mortar piece. should this be added into article?67.220.47.150 (talk) 00:04, 26 May 2009 (UTC)``
 * actually that little rumor goes back to nam, and if thats the case any piece of pipe will do. Brian in denver (talk) 01:53, 18 August 2009 (UTC)

M72 LAW vs RPG-7
Personally, i'm a bit confused with the armour penetration statistics of these 2 weapons. Can someone tell me which is better in armour penetration?chubbychicken 07:20, 31 August 2006 (UTC)
 * The short story is that the any of the anti-armour rounds used in the RPG-7 have more armour penetration than the standard (66mm) round in the M72. Armour penetration from a conical shaped charged is a function of the diameter of the charge.  The warhead on an RPG-7 launched round can be anything up to 105mm or more Riddley 17:10, 31 August 2006 (UTC)
 * ...and the RPG is reusable and cheaper, and you can carry a lot af spare charges instead of a lot of bulky tubes. Sorry, the russkies made it better this time. Randroide 16:19, 2 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Odd then, that the Soviets would copy it. See RPG-18 and RPG-22.--172.190.138.111 (talk) 22:42, 16 March 2010 (UTC)

 * Folks, The RPG-7 and weapons like the M72 are different classes of weapons. The weapon that the Russians had for a long time that did the job of the individual light antitank weapon was the RKG-3 anti-tank grenade.  The RPG-7 is more in the class of the Carl Gustav recoilless rifle or the WW2 Bazooka.  Yes, one man can carry the launcher and reloads, but tactically on the battlefield it operates far better with a gunner and a loader.  What makes everyone think that the RPG-7 was the US equivalent of the M72 was that the Russia (and other) armies had so many at platoon level.  And yes the RPG-7 is cheap, but only because it is produced in such large numbers.  The main disadvantage of the RPG-7 is that the warhead is exposed, which on some battlefields can cause problems.  Also, someone mentioned that the RPG-7 has a penetration of 105mm.  That is only with the latest rounds developed (and they have a drastic reduction in effective range) and not the ones of the Vietnam War or the 1973 Arab-Israeli War.  Finally, the tactical equivalent of the RPG-7 today is the Israeli-USMC B-300/SMAW.  And like the RPG-7 it is designed to be operated by one man, but it reality there is usually two Marines or soldiers.  And today the RPG-29 (similar in concept to the SMAW/B-300 with an enclosed warhead) is the replacement for the RPG-7, and the RPG-18 and RPG-22 replaced the RKG-3 antitank hand grenade. JACK --Jackehammond (talk) 10:12, 17 March 2010 (UTC)

It's not cheaper. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 216.37.220.169 (talk) 19:15, 26 April 2009 (UTC)

We need a caption on that picture
Given the equipment and the rifle, I assume this image is a very early one. Can anyone positively identify the rifle? Maury 13:04, 7 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Its an M1 Garand type. The picture's file name gives the indication that it was taken in 1960 at Ft. Benning, GA.  It would appear to have been a staged promo photograph of a new system.  The Redstone Arsenal has a similar one from the last '50s when the LAW was in development.  -- Thatguy96 15:10, 7 October 2006 (UTC)

the penetration of the M72 law and the British variant L12A1 system is 340 of rolled Homogenous armour or RHA —Preceding unsigned comment added by 94.196.230.141 (talk) 22:57, 11 February 2010 (UTC)

Units
72.159.168.35 changed the Imperial but not metric units. Not sure which is authoritative, but they should at least be commutative, no? MKV 21:24, 28 November 2006 (UTC)

specifications
Isn't there a problem with the following specifications ? I thought 1 in is 2.54 cm, if it is the case, 54.97 in is 1.38 m. Same goes for the weights.

Launcher

* Length: o Extended: less than 1 m (54.97 in). o Closed: 0.67 m (24.8 in). * Weight: o Complete M72A2: 2.3 kg (8.1 lb). o Complete M72A3: 2.5 kg (8.5 lb).

Svartkell 14:07, 9 December 2006 (UTC)

Reusing the launcher?
Can an M72 laucher be repacked by the factories after being fired? I've heard that they can be, but that doing so is overly expensive and unreliable for it to be a common practice.74.36.192.6 10:03, 24 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Hmmm...it probably can be re-packed...but as you said, doing that would likely cost more than just buying more off the factory line. It might be viable in training practice where you can recover the tube, but in real combat the soldier is going to throw down this "one shot" weapon after he uses it and move on. I doubt recovering these to send back to the rear would be much of a priority...Engr105th 00:07, 10 July 2007 (UTC)
 * The launchers can be reloaded at the factory, yes, but I don't know if all factories producing LAWs offer such services. I do know that Finland sends it's LAWs to Norway for reloading, but don't ask me to dig up a reference for that. :) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 91.152.164.46 (talk) 01:00, 21 May 2008 (UTC)

M72 in Australian service
"The Australian Army also utilizes the M72 LAW as a secondary anti-armour weapon but they primarily use the FGM-149 Javelin Missile. M72 LAW's are stored in reserves and only withdrawn when the Australian Defence Force uses it."

This is wrong. All Australian infantry are trained on the M72A6 during their rifleman's course, and they are carried operationally by Australian troops in Iraq and Afghanistan for use in the anti-fortification role. It also makes no reference to the 84mm Carl Gustaf which was the primary anti-armour weapon in the Australian Army until the recent introduction of the Javelin. Simon9 14:16, 23 July 2007 (UTC)

Development?
Nothing on the development or adoption of the LAW. Why was it developed when was it tested etc?

Range
why is range so low on this article? I'm in the Canadian army, they tell us range 700m stationary, 300m moving target 67.220.47.150 (talk) 23:59, 25 May 2009 (UTC)

FSA
http://www.liveleak.com/view?i=943_1372083063

Should we add FSA to the list of users? Edit: Actually, it looks like that's the Syrian Islamic Liberation Front using it. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.82.64.153 (talk) 00:29, 25 June 2013 (UTC)

Destroyed
"Once fired in combat, the launcher is required to be destroyed to prevent its use by the enemy as a booby-trap; the enemy could collapse the launcher to its original configuration, fill it with explosives and shrapnel, and rig it to explode if moved by a soldier believing it to be unused" - this is unsourced, and something about it feels fishy. It seems superficially plausible but fabricated. How was it destroyed? The official training manual - which appears to be the only citable source for its use - simply mentions handing empties to the range authorities for disposal. I have a vision of GIs bashing their fired LAWs with rocks while the Viet Cong shoot at them, which seems absurd. Is there a source for this? A citable source? -Ashley Pomeroy (talk) 18:08, 17 June 2014 (UTC)

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M72 during sino Vietnamese war
Did Chinese Army captured a amount of m72 laws during sino Vietnam War? Scout MLG (talk) 12:03, 4 April 2019 (UTC)
 * : You need to provide a reliable source about the M72. Your edit is vandalism and you may be blocked.--Le Petit Chat (talk) 12:19, 4 April 2019 (UTC)

mentions in media
Is it worth adding an "in other media" section? For one, the LAW was a pivotal plot device in the third Dirty Harry movie, The Enforcer. Nsayer (talk) 22:27, 25 August 2021 (UTC)

ukraine
finland sent some to ukraine today. it can probably be added as a user. https://www.reuters.com/markets/europe/norway-send-weapons-ukraine-change-policy-2022-02-28/ — Preceding unsigned comment added by 198.49.6.225 (talk) 06:44, 1 March 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:M72 LAW


text:
User talk:Tittentei

Titten Tei is a Norwegian children's character. His whole, real name is actually Titten Tei Andre von Drei, which indicates his aristocratic origin from central Europe.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Tittentei


text:
Hadley Richardson

Elizabeth Hadley Richardson (November 9, 1891 – January 22, 1979) was the first wife of American author Ernest Hemingway. The two married in 1921 after a courtship of less than a year, and moved to Paris within months of being married. In Paris, Hemingway pursued a writing career, and through him Richardson met other expatriate American and British writers.

In 1926, Richardson learned of Hemingway's affair with Pauline Pfeiffer. Pfeiffer had been Richardson's best friend and had lived and traveled with the Hemingways. Richardson divorced Hemingway in 1927. In 1933, Richardson married a second time, to journalist Paul Mowrer, whom she met in Paris.

Early life
Elizabeth Hadley Richardson was born on November 9, 1891, in St. Louis, Missouri, the youngest of five children. Richardson's mother, Florence Wyman Richardson (née Hadley), was an accomplished musician and singer, and her father, James Richardson Jr., worked for a family-owned pharmaceutical company. As a child, Hadley fell out of a second-story window and consequently was bed-ridden for a year. After the accident, her mother became overly protective, not allowing Hadley to learn how to swim or engage in other physical activities. Hadley's father was less protective, but in 1903 he died by suicide in response to financial difficulties.

As a teenager, Richardson became painfully shy and reclusive. She attended Mary Institute in St. Louis, and then attended college at Bryn Mawr. However, when her mother decided Richardson was "too delicate, both physically and emotionally," she left college. The death of her sister Dorothea in an apartment fire earlier that year may have contributed to Richardson's decision to leave college. Hemingway scholar Jamie Barlowe believes Richardson represented a "True Woman" as opposed to a "New Woman" of the early 20th century. The "True Woman" was "emotional, dependent, gentle—a true follower."

After her return from college, Richardson lived a restricted life—her sister and her mother continued to worry about her health—with little opportunity for physical activity or much of a social life. Her mother did allow Richardson to visit her former Bryn Mawr roommate Edna Rapallo in Vermont one summer. While visiting her friend, she enjoyed playing tennis, and she met Maxfield Parrish, but when her mother became worried over her well-being, she was forced to return home. While her mother became reclusive and immersed herself in spiritualism, Richardson spent some years attempting to attain a career as a pianist, until she abandoned music, believing she lacked talent. She later did perform weekly in a church. When her mother developed Bright's Disease, Richardson nursed her until her death.

Ernest Hemingway
Shortly after her mother's death, in December 1920, Richardson visited her old roommate Kate Smith (who later married John Dos Passos) in Chicago, and through her met Hemingway, who was living with Smith's brother and was employed as an associate editor of the monthly journal Cooperative Commonwealth. When Richardson returned to St. Louis, Hemingway, who became infatuated with her, wrote "I knew she was the girl I was going to marry." Richardson, eight years older than Hemingway, was red-haired, with a "nurturing instinct." Bernice Kert, author of The Hemingway Women, claims Richardson was "evocative" of the woman whom Hemingway met and fell in love with during his recuperation from injuries during World War I, Agnes von Kurowsky, but in Richardson, Hemingway saw a childishness Agnes lacked.

During the winter of 1921, Richardson took up her music again and indulged in outdoor activities. She and Hemingway corresponded during the winter. When she expressed misgivings about their age difference, he "protested that it made no difference at all." Hemingway visited her in St. Louis in March 1921, and two weeks later she visited him in Chicago. Then, they did not see each other for two months until he returned to St. Louis in May. In their correspondence, she promised to buy him a Corona typewriter for his birthday. In June, she announced her engagement despite objections to the marriage from his friends and her sister. Richardson believed she knew what she was doing, and more importantly, she had an inheritance with which to support herself and a husband. She believed in Hemingway's talent and believed "she was right for him."

They were married on September 3, 1921, in Bay Township, Michigan and spent their honeymoon at the Hemingway family summer cottage on Walloon Lake. The weather was miserable, and both Richardson and Hemingway came down with fever, sore throat, and cough. The couple returned to Chicago after their honeymoon, where they lived in a small apartment on North Dearborn Street.

The death of a hated uncle gave Richardson another inheritance and additional financial independence for the couple. Initially, they intended to visit Rome, but Sherwood Anderson convinced them to visit Paris instead. Anderson's advice to live in Paris interested her, and when two months later Hemingway was hired as foreign correspondent for the Toronto Star, the couple left for Paris. Of Hemingway's marriage to Richardson, Hemingway biographer Jeffrey Meyers claims: "With Richardson, Hemingway achieved everything he had hoped for with Agnes: the love of a beautiful woman, a comfortable income, a life in Europe."

Paris
In Paris, Richardson and Hemingway lived in a small apartment at 74, rue du Cardinal Lemoine in the Latin Quarter. In the winter of 1921, he discovered the Shakespeare and Company bookshop, which also functioned as a lending library, and was run by American expatriate Sylvia Beach. Richardson went there to buy James Joyce's works, which she liked, because Beach had published Joyce's Ulysses. The Hemingways first met Joyce at the book shop in March 1922.

Through Anderson's letters of introduction, Hemingway met Ezra Pound, who invited the couple for tea, and they were invited to Gertrude Stein's salon. Stein in turn visited the young couple in their apartment. Hemingway's and Stein's relationship turned hostile after Hemingway gained fame (see Hemingway's Boat, Paul Hendrickson, 2011, and Hemingway, Kenneth Lynn, 1987). That spring, Richardson and Hemingway traveled to Italy and, in the summer, to Germany. Richardson went alone to Geneva in December 1922 to meet Hemingway who was covering a peace conference. It was during this trip, while waiting for a train at the Gare de Lyon, that Richardson misplaced and lost a suitcase filled with Hemingway's manuscripts. Devastated and angry at the loss of his work, he blamed her.

A few months later, when they learned Richardson was pregnant, the couple decided to move to Toronto for the child's birth. Before they left, the couple went for the first time to watch the bullfighting and the running of the bulls at the Festival of San Fermín in Pamplona. Their son John Hadley Nicanor Hemingway was born on October 10, 1923, in Toronto. He was named for his mother Hadley and for the young Spanish matador Nicanor Villalta, who had impressed Hemingway the previous summer. The baby was healthy, and the birth quick; Hemingway missed it, as he had been sent to New York on assignment, and was returning on a train when his wife went into labor. Richardson nicknamed the infant Bumby.

In Toronto, the family lived in a small apartment on Bathurst Street with "wall space enough to hang their collection of paintings." Richardson called the assignments given to her husband at the Toronto Star "absurd." Hemingway considered Toronto boring and wanted to return to Paris to the life of a writer rather than live the life of a Toronto journalist. When Bumby was only a few months old, they returned to Paris, and in January 1924 moved into a new apartment on Rue Notre Dame des Champs. Richardson hired a woman to help with housework and with Bumby, and borrowed a pram to take the baby on walks in the Luxembourg Gardens. Bumby's christening was held at St. Luke's Episcopal Church in March with "Chink" Dorman-Smith and Gertrude Stein as godparents. A few months later, mismanagement of her funds left Richardson with a financial loss, and at the same time, Hemingway started work as an editor for Ezra Pound and Ford Madox Ford's small modernist magazine the Transatlantic Review. In June, Richardson and Hemingway went again to Pamplona, leaving Bumby in Paris, and that winter, they went for the first time to Austria to vacation in Schruns.

Sometime after their return to Paris from Canada, Hemingway met the Pfeiffer sisters. When in June 1925 Hemingway and Richardson left Paris for their annual visit to Pamplona—the third year they had done so—they were accompanied by a group of American and British expatriates, including Pauline Pfeiffer. The trip inspired Hemingway's first novel The Sun Also Rises, which he began to write immediately after the fiesta, finishing it in September. In November, as a birthday present for Richardson, Hemingway bought Joan Miró's painting The Farm.

Divorce
Their marriage disintegrated as Hemingway was writing and revising The Sun Also Rises, although he dedicated the novel to "Hadley and ...John Hadley Nicanor." For the second year, they went to Schruns for Christmas, but that year they were joined by Pauline Pfeiffer. Hemingway returned with Pfeiffer to Paris, leaving Richardson with Bumby in Austria. While Richardson was in Austria, Hemingway sailed to New York then returned to Paris in March, at which time he may have begun his affair with Pauline. In the spring of 1926, Richardson became aware of the affair, although she endured Pauline's presence in Pamplona that July. On their return to Paris, Richardson and Hemingway decided to separate, and Richardson formally requested a divorce in the fall. By November they had split their possessions, and Richardson accepted Hemingway's offer of the royalties from The Sun Also Rises. The couple divorced in January 1927, and Hemingway married Pauline Pfeiffer in May the same year.

Paul Mowrer
Richardson stayed in France until 1934. Among her many friends in Paris was Paul Mowrer, foreign correspondent for the Chicago Daily News, whom she had met in the spring of 1927, not long after her divorce was finalized. A journalist and political writer, in 1929 Mowrer won the Pulitzer Prize. On July 3, 1933, after a five-year courtship, Richardson and Paul Mowrer were married in London. Richardson was especially grateful for Mowrer's warm relationship with Bumby. Not long after the two married, they moved back to the U.S. to Lake Bluff, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago, where they lived during World War II. She continued to receive royalties from The Sun Also Rises, which included the royalties for the 1957 film.

A Moveable Feast
Hemingway's memoir A Moveable Feast, not published until 1964, three years after Hemingway's death, captures Hemingway's marriage to Richardson and their life together in Paris during the early to mid-1920s.

Later years and death
When Richardson left her marriage to Hemingway, she left the limelight. She reportedly saw Hemingway only twice after their divorce. In July 1939, she and Mowrer ran into him while vacationing in Wyoming, and, according to A. E. Hotchner, the last time Hemingway reported seeing Richardson was after a brief and spontaneous meeting in Paris.

Richardson died on January 22, 1979, in Lakeland, Florida, at the age of 87. She is buried in New Hampshire at Chocorua Cemetery in Tamworth.

In 1992, Hadley by Gioia Diliberto, a biography of Hadley Richardson, was published. The book, which is based on extensive research, including the author's exclusive access to a series of taped conversations with Richardson, was reissued in 2011 as Paris Without End: The True Story of Hemingway's First Wife.

In 2011, a book titled The Paris Wife: A Novel by Paula McLain was published, telling the entire story of Hadley Richardson's relationship with Hemingway in "her voice." Although a work of fiction, its narrative is faithful to the known facts.

title: Hadley Richardson


text:
Lubberts effect

The Lubberts effect is the non-uniform response of an imaging system to X-rays that are absorbed at different depths within the input phosphor. It indicates an input phosphor depth-dependent response of the imaging system. It is named for G. Lubberts, who published a report of it in 1968 while working at Kodak. The Lubberts effect is related to the Swank effect, which relates the signal-to-noise ratio of a scintillator-based imaging system to the amount of random variation in the strength of the emitted photons.

title: Lubberts effect


text:
Talk:Trashigang District

Is the correct term "gewography" and not "geography"? ArrowmanCoder 18:54, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

Gewog in Bhutan is like a county in USA. The compartmentalisation of the geography allows the stakeholders; policy makers, researchers and local people to tackle the need assessment of the space. Such denominator processes the scare resources at an optimal level, but not necessarily at Pareto optimum.

title: Talk:Trashigang District


text:
Rosanna DeSoto

Rosanna DeSoto (born September 2, 1950) is an American actress who has performed in films and television. She is best known for her roles in Stand and Deliver, for which she won an Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Female, and in Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country as Azetbur, the daughter of Klingon Chancellor Gorkon.

Her other film roles include La Bamba (1987) as Ritchie Valens' mother Connie Valenzuela; and Family Business (1989) as the wife of Vito McMullen (Dustin Hoffman).

DeSoto's first television role was in the series A.E.S. Hudson Street (1978) as Nurse Rosa Santiago. She starred in the short-lived series The Redd Foxx Show (1986). She has made guest appearances on many television series, including Cannon, Kung Fu, Barnaby Jones, Barney Miller, Melrose Place, Murder, She Wrote, The Bold and the Beautiful and Law & Order.

Early life and education
DeSoto was born in San Jose, California on September 2, 1950. Both of her parents were Mexican immigrants from Michoacán. DeSoto had four brothers and four sisters, making her one of nine siblings. She spent her early years handpicking fruit, particularly apples.

DeSoto graduated from San Jose State University, double majoring in Spanish literature and drama. During her tenure at SJSU, DeSoto rehearsed and performed with the Light Opera Company.

Career
DeSoto made her film debut in 1979 with The In-Laws. She appeared opposite Nick Nolte and Debra Winger in Cannery Row (1982). DeSoto won the Golden Eagle Award for Best Actress for her performance in The Ballad of Gregorio Cortez (1982). In 1986, she appeared opposite Rob Lowe and Demi Moore in About Last Night, playing Mrs. Lyons. That same year, she portrayed waitress Diana Olmos in the short-lived sitcom The Redd Foxx Show.

In 1987, DeSoto appeared in the biographic film La Bamba. In that film, she portrayed Connie Valenzuela, the mother of Ritchie Valens, played by Lou Diamond Phillips. The next year, DeSoto collaborated with Phillips again in the 1988 biopic Stand and Deliver, where she portrayed Fabiola Escalante, the wife of Jaime Escalante (Edward James Olmos). Her performance garnered her an Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Female.

In 1989, she played the wife of Dustin Hoffman's character in Family Business. That same year, she landed the principal role in Face of the Enemy. She also played Azetbur in Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country (1991). DeSoto portrayed Linda in The 24 Hour Woman (1999). She has also acted in the soap opera, The Bold and the Beautiful.

DeSoto wrote and appeared in “A Woman in Progress/Canto de Oro, Cuento de Mujer” that was produced by the Intar Theater group in New York in 2005.

Personal life
From 1974 to 1978, DeSoto was married to Jonathan Taplin. They have one daughter, Daniela (born June 1976).

DeSoto has been married to David S. Ward since September 20, 1980. They have a daughter, Sylvana Ward Durrett (born 1981).

DeSoto is also the aunt of Ken Ramoz, who appeared in such films as Gettysburg (1993) and Getting Even with Dad (1994).

title: Rosanna DeSoto


text:
User:ScrapIronIV/IFBB Mr. America

IFBB Mr. America was a bodybuilding contest organised by the International Federation of BodyBuilders (IFBB). It was first held in 1949 and in direct competition with the AAU Mr. America. After the one-off contest in 1949 it permanently returned in 1959.

It ran until 1977 when the competition was handed over to the National Physique Committee (NPC) and the contest renamed to the NPC National Bodybuilding Championships. The NPC Nationals began in 1982 and is still running today.

title: User:ScrapIronIV/IFBB Mr. America


text:
User talk:BATMAN-DA-NA-DA-NA

Please refrain from undoing other people's edits repeatedly. If you continue, you may be blocked from editing Wikipedia under the three-revert rule, which states that nobody may revert an article to a previous version more than three times in 24 hours. (Note: this also means editing the page to reinsert an old edit. If the effect of your actions is to revert back, it qualifies as a revert.) Thank you. Gamaliel 18:54, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

You have been blocked for 6 hours for violating the 3RR. Please adhere to Wikipedia policies in the future. Gamaliel 19:00, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

 * templates substituted by a bot as per Template substitution Pegasusbot 21:39, 25 March 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:BATMAN-DA-NA-DA-NA


text: List of places in Georgia (U.S. state)

title: List of places in Georgia (U.S. state)


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James Bradley Thayer

James Bradley Thayer (January 15, 1831 – February 14, 1902) was an American legal theorist and educator known for articulating the concept of rational basis review.

Life
Born at Haverhill, Massachusetts, he graduated from Harvard College in 1852, where he established the overcoat fund for needy undergraduates. In 1856 he graduated from Harvard Law School, was admitted to the bar of Suffolk County and began to practice law in Boston. From 1873 to 1883 he was Royall professor of law at Harvard. In 1883 he was transferred to the professorship which after 1893 was known as the Weld professorship and which he held until his death on February 14, 1902. He took a special interest in the historical evolution of law.

He wrote The Origin and Scope of the American Doctrine of Constitutional Law (1893); Cases on Evidence (1892); Cases on Constitutional Law (1895); The Development of Trial by Jury (1896); A Preliminary Treatise on Evidence at the Common Law (1898), and a short life of John Marshall (1901); and edited the twelfth edition of Kent's Commentaries and the Letters of Chauncey Wright (1877), and A Westward Journey with Mr. Emerson (1884).

Rational basis review
The concept of rational basis review can be traced to his influential 1893 article, "The Origin and Scope of American Constitutional Law." Thayer argued that statutes should be invalidated only if their unconstitutionality is "so clear that it is not open to rational question."

Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr., a student of Thayer, articulated a version of what would become rational basis review in his canonical dissent in Lochner v. New York and argued that "the word 'liberty' in the Fourteenth Amendment is perverted when it is held to prevent the natural outcome of a dominant opinion, unless it can be said that a rational and fair man necessarily would admit that the statute proposed would infringe fundamental principles as they have been understood by the traditions of our people and our law."

title: James Bradley Thayer


text:
Frank Augustyn

Frank Joseph Augustyn, (born January 27, 1953) is a Canadian ballet dancer and artistic director. He was principal dancer of the National Ballet of Canada and the Berlin Opera Ballet.

Background
Frank Augustyn was born in Hamilton, Ontario. As a boy, Augustyn's interests were in gymnastics and acrobatics; he once appeared on the variety series Tiny Talent Time as a gymnast. During a summer course at Canada's National Ballet School (often called The National) intended to help improve movement and his control for his gymnastic acrobatic training, his abilities for ballet were recognized by Betty Oliphant, founder and director of the school. Although Augustyn's parents were reluctant to have their son pursue ballet as a career, Augustyn continued in the school until at seventeen he joined the professional company National Ballet of Canada.

Professional career
Augustyn joined the National Ballet of Canada in 1970. He was the National Ballet's principal dancer from 1972 to 1989. From 1980 to 1981, he was principal dancer at the Berlin Opera Ballet. From 1985 to 1986, he was the principal guest artist at the Boston Ballet. From 1989 to 1994, he was the artistic director of the Ottawa Ballet. He was a founding member of Ballet Revue (dancing his own piece, Personal Essay) and has appeared frequently on international television. Television viewers are familiar with Mr. Augustyn's series on ballet, Footnotes, seen on Bravo U.S. and Bravo Canada. In this series, which he co-wrote, co-produced and hosted, Mr. Augustyn outlines the history and techniques of classical ballet. He published Footnotes--Dancing the World's Best Loved Ballets, which was based on the television production, as well as his memoir, Dancing from the Heart.

Augustyn often danced with Karen Kain. They won the award for best pas de deux at the 1973 Moscow International Ballet Competition, dancing the extremely difficult Blue Bird pas de deux from Sleeping Beauty. Director of the dance program at Adelphi University since 2000, Augustyn was appointed Program Chair in 2007, stepping down in 2019 appointing Orion Duckstein to chair. He is currently an assistant full time professor at Adelphi, and co-owner of Classical Ballet School of Long Island.

Awards
In 1979, Augustyn was made an Officer of the Order of Canada.

title: Frank Augustyn


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Overrated

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result was delete. --Core desat 04:53, 6 November 2007 (UTC)

Overrated

 * – (View AfD) (View log)

The article is not encyclopedic, it is in fact a vanity page done as an homage to a former guild from World of Warcraft. The guild was banned for exploiting a bug, and a few articles were written about the exploit. Those articles are being used as a justification for the existence of this page even though the articles have little or nothing to say about the guild itself. The only information that might be arguably notable (if you consider the few sources for it) would be the exploit itself, but that would exist in a different article about the exploit specifically. --  Atama sama  17:32, 1 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Note, Atamasama has been WP:CANVASsing:  —Preceding unsigned comment added by Mckaysalisbury (talk • contribs) 05:51, 4 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Comment Please explain how this is WP:CANVASsing. undefinedFangz the Wolf 22:59, 5 November 2007 (UTC)
 * (from WP:CANVAS "but messages that are written to influence the outcome rather than to improve the quality of a discussion compromise the consensus building process and are generally considered disruptive" (opening section) under "types of canvassing" it "says" that if a message is biased, it is considered disruptive canvassing. Atama's message implied that he needed a force of people to fight against the "fanboys" who will vote to keep it. So he was requesting people to come for a "delete" vote. McKay 00:07, 6 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Ironically, he didn't purpose the article to be deleted, he just signed it up to be AFD. I purposed it. undefinedFangz the Wolf 00:37, 6 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Mckay, by what you posted "canvassing" is composed of multiple postings trying to get people to influence the outcome. I posted one request in the WoW main article where a deletion for this page was discussed to let people know that this article was being put up for AfD. Why did I mention fanboys? Because I was informed that the polite request I'd put in to have this article reviewed by an admin was deleted by a former guildmember, and so I expected to have a biased response against the AfD. The irony is that the only multiple postings I've put about this article were on talk pages of people who have worked on this article to give them a chance to defend it out of courtesy. Including your talk page. --  Atama  sama  00:51, 6 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Delete Non notable group, no real assertions of notbility at ALL. --Jayron32| talk | contribs  17:40, 1 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Delete No substantial coverage in reliable secondary sources. Somewhat ironic that something named "overrated" is being removed for, well, just that. Subdolous 17:49, 1 November 2007 (UTC)
 * What would you call this or this or this? McKay 23:02, 2 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Keep - [see below] I'm sure this has been up before. In any case, I am not a WoW player, I hate WoW for stealing all my friends, but this is notable. The guild recieved online coverage for their cheating, and sources are linked at the bottom, as well as copied out on the talk page in case the link goes dead. In accordance with WP:NOTNEWS, a case could be made for renaming this article to Overrated cheating controversy or something, but the article should certainly be kept. J Milburn 18:38, 1 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Rename or Merge. As clear from the provided references, the exploit is what is notable - not the guild or group of players that carried it out. The article should either be renamed to reflect the exploit or merged into an appropriate article. -- Sesame ball Talk 19:15, 1 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Delete There is nothing notable here. Its essentially a vanity page.The guild isn't notable, the exploit is not notable, the members are not notable, nor even the fact that some were banned. Wow members are banned everyday for a variety of reasons including exploiting. Even the exploit itself certainly is not notable even within the specialized realm of exploits, let alone a general encylopedia. If wiki were to have an article about every minor computer exploit, it would resemble a technical journal more so than an encylopedia.  I don't even think this is worth a few sentences on the general World of Warcraft page. Dman727 20:37, 1 November 2007 (UTC)
 * There are sources. What are your notability criteria? J Milburn 20:57, 1 November 2007 (UTC)
 * WP:N is the notability criteria.Dman727 00:31, 2 November 2007 (UTC)
 * And it passes WP:N. If you think it doesn't maybe you should try explaining why you think it doesn't. McKay 23:02, 2 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Maybe it will help if I point out what part of WP:N would apply here. It states that Wikipedia is concerned with long-term notability. Something that seems notable on a short-term basis is suited better for Wikinews than Wikipedia. This is the criteria for an independent article. In other words, even if you only consider the exploit and not the guild it still lacks enough long-term notability to have its own page, but you might perhaps add the exploit information to a page about online game cheating. --  Atama  sama  23:04, 2 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Delete I've still yet to see a notable, encyclopedic article on an online-game guild... and this isn't one either. Andrew Lenahan -  St ar bli nd  20:58, 1 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Keep It's interesting how the deleters assume anything about a videogame can't be notable. "Let's delete Fragdolls too!" The topic clearly passes WP:N because it passes WP:N. It 's got several independent articles about it. Sure, maybe they're all about one event. If you want, feel free to Rename the article to the event covering the banning. Maybe the article isn't written very well, maybe it needs some cleanup, removing vanity, sure. But there's nothing wrong with the presence of some of this content in Wikipedia. McKay 22:32, 1 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Comment The article passes WP:N because it passes WP:N?? That is not a valid reasoning. Chris!  c t 22:59, 1 November 2007 (UTC)
 * I corrected Typo McKay 23:02, 2 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Comment The Fragdolls aren't a WoW guild whose 5 seconds of fame were from getting banned and ending up with a brief mention on 3 gaming news sites. Please, assume good faith, don't start accusing the editors of trying to purge videogame information from Wikipedia when most of us are regular contributors to game pages (World of Warcraft in particular). --  Atama  sama  23:44, 1 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Delete Not sutiable for Wikipedia, seems unimportant. undefinedFangz the Wolf 02:01, 2 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Delete, the Overrated banning scandal was barely 15 minutes of fame even in the World of Warcraft, it's certainly not real-world notability suitable for an encyclopedia article. --Stormie 04:45, 2 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Delete, fails WP:N, mostly a unreferenced vanity page. This does not belong in wikipedia. --Fogeltje 12:53, 2 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Delete per WP:N. Doctorfluffy 05:46, 3 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Comment People keep saying things like "Delete per WP:N" and while such arguments should generally be avoided WP:VAGUEWAVE, there are people who have specifically mentioned that it does pass WP:N. I guess it needs to be explained in more detail. From WP:N:
 * "A topic is presumed to be notable if it has received significant coverage in reliable sources that are independent of the subject"
 * "Presumed": It doesn't fail WP:NOT. No problems with that there. Maybe people are meaning something like this, but then, it wouldn't be a problem with WP:N, it would be a problem with some other guideline (like WP:NOT).
 * "Significant Coverage": Gamespot, softpedia, and WoW insider (aka joystiq) all give significant coverage to the event. Yes, it may just be the event that's notable. I'm admitting that. In such a case a Rename would be necessary.
 * "Reliable" Gamespot and Joystiq are considered excellently-reliable sources in the video game world. WoW insider, even more so in the WoW world. Admittedly, I haven't heard of softpedia, but I think the case is strong without it.
 * "Sources" There are multiple, secondary, high-quality sources
 * "independent" they are all objective, indepdendent sources, with no leaps of analysis.
 * Basically, what I'm saying is that if someone says, "Delete, fails WP:N" they'd better have a good reason, because it seems very clear to me that it passes WP:N. McKay 06:05, 4 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Comment You completely ignored my explanation above, Mckay. I suggest you read it. Essentially, an article must have long-term notability to justify its existence, all cited news sources for this article were published within 2 days of each other. Allow me to quote from WP:N:
 * "A short burst of present news coverage about a topic does not necessarily constitute objective evidence of long-term notability. Conversely, if long-term coverage has been sufficiently demonstrated, there is no need to show continual coverage or interest. Topics that did not meet the notability guidelines at one point in time may meet the notability guidelines as time passes. However, articles should not be written based on speculation that the topic may receive additional coverage in the future."
 * -- Atama  sama  07:06, 5 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Yes, Atama, I understand your perspective, but you must understand that the policy says that such events could be notable or not. There's nothing in WP:N that states that the topic isn't notable, but merely that it's possible it isn't notable. You can vote, state an opinion clearly that you think that because it was a short burst, it wasn't notable. Your opinion is valid, Stating "fails WP:N" is not entirely correct. McKay 17:56, 5 November 2007 (UTC)

 * This is not just my opinion. Take a look at WP:NOT for further discussion:
 * "Wikipedia considers the historical notability of persons and events, while keeping in mind the harm our work might cause. Someone or something that has been in the news for a brief period is not necessarily a suitable subject for an article in their own right. While Wikipedia strives to be comprehensive, the policies on biographies of living persons and neutral point of view should lead us to contextualize events appropriately, which may preclude a biography about someone who is not an encyclopedic subject, despite a brief appearance in the news. Routine news coverage and matters lacking encyclopedic substance, such as announcements, sports, gossip, and tabloid journalism, are not sufficient basis for an article. News outlets are reliable secondary sources when they practice competent journalistic reporting, however, and topics in the news may also be encyclopedic subjects when the sources are substantial. Timely news subjects not suitable for Wikipedia may be suitable for Wikinews."
 * There has to be something really special about this subject for it to be worth having its own article despite a lack of long-term notability. Nobody has demonstrated anything but the opposite in this discussion. --  Atama  sama  00:36, 6 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Change my 'vote' to delete. I'm convinced- there is no lasting notability, as far as I can see. Unless someone can find a mention of the guild from either before or a fair while after the banning, then this should go as having no lasting notability. J Milburn 18:58, 5 November 2007 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:Josh Joplin Group

Untitled
If he sounds "identical to Michael Stipe" then how is it a "trademark sound"?

I heard that he was Janis Joplin's son... am I totally off and crazy on this one? Maybe he's a cousin or something?

Sounds like Stipe?
I think the idea that he sounds "exactly" like Michael Stipe is nuts. FWIW, he sounds similar but is easily distinguished from M.S.—Fred 05:48, 13 January 2007 (UTC)

No. Not related to Janis Joplin.

Redirect?
Now that Josh is a solo artist, doesn't he deserve his own page instead of having his name redirect to this page? 221.134.201.160 13:19, 21 May 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Joshjoplinpublicityphoto.jpg
Image:Joshjoplinpublicityphoto.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 06:17, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

Sources?
This article reads as unsourced, original research, promotion. I propose gutting this article of all but verifiable information in hopes that an editor will take interest in writing it properly. Rklawton (talk) 18:31, 7 March 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Josh Joplin Group


text:
Sea Fighter (FSF-1)

Sea Fighter (FSF-1) is an experimental littoral combat ship in service with the United States Navy. Its hull is of a small-waterplane-area twin-hull (SWATH) design, provides exceptional stability, even on rough seas. The ship can operate in both blue and littoral waters. For power, it can use either its dual gas-turbine engines for speed or its dual diesel engines for efficient cruising. It can be easily reconfigured through the use of interchangeable mission modules. Helicopters can land and launch on its deck. Smaller water craft can be carried and launched from its stern. The vessel is being developed under the program title Littoral Surface Craft-Experimental (LSC(X)) with a hull type designation Fast Sea Frame. The first vessel has been assigned the hull classification symbol FSF 1 and also has been referred to as the X-Craft. The vessel was designed by British company BMT Nigel Gee who continue with a role in the development of the vessel.

Description
Sea Fighter's hull is a small-waterplane-area twin hull (SWATH) design, constructed out of aluminum.

With twin gas turbine engines, quad water jets, and streamlined hulls, Sea Fighter is capable of speeds of 50 kn and greater. It is designed to be a sea frame that can carry interchangeable mission modules resembling shipping containers. These modules allow it to be easily reconfigured to meet a variety of mission requirements, including mine warfare, anti-submarine operations, amphibious assault support, surface warfare, transport and logistical missions, cruise-missile launch, and special-forces interdiction operations. The mission modules are easily loaded and stored on Sea Fighter's inner deck.

The vessel has the capability of launching small craft up to 11 m in length from the stern, including assault craft and submersibles by means of a custom dual-purpose ramp that also enables RORO operations for HMMWV and other vehicles. The vessel also has a twin-pad helicopter deck capable of operating aircraft up to the size of an H-60 type, including unmanned aerial vehicles, and landing helicopters while travelling at speeds of up to 50 kn. A special deck-lighting system has been developed for Sea Fighter using low-intensity green lighting around the vessel's edges and helipads. This lighting is particularly effective when using night-vision goggles, making landings on the vessel easier than on conventional warships, even at the higher speeds in which Sea Fighter operates.

The basic design has a displacement of 1,100 tons while measuring 79.9 m long at waterline and 22 m broad. Power is provided by a CODOG arrangement comprising two MTU 595 diesel engines and two LM2500 gas turbines. Diesel power is used for cruising while the turbines provide high-power output for high-speed operation. The two gas turbines power the vessel's four water jets, drawing water from the bottom stern of each hull and powering it through large water turbines, which are responsible for the vessel's high operating speed. Each water jet has thrust vectoring and thrust reversers making it possible to move sideways while docking, or even travelling in astern. Thrust vectoring also makes it possible for Sea Fighter to make evasive maneuvers while travelling at high speed. This would prevent the craft from being forced to shore or into the path of enemy vessels.

Sea Fighter's forward superstructure consists of a bridge on the lower deck, and a flight operations station on top. The bridge is relatively small, and generally manned by a crew of three. The bridge control stations incorporate glass displays using the modern navigational aids to assist Sea Fighter in patrolling coastal areas while operating at high speed. Above the bridge is a small flight-operations station with room for only one operator. This glass-enclosed station provides an unobstructed view of the entire flight deck and allows the operator to coordinate the approach and landing of helicopters, and loading of the vessel's mission containers, as well as providing visual aid for navigation.

The ship has a computer system to control its systems and for navigation. Steering and throttle control are done by wire rather than mechanical linkage.

The first vessel of the type (FSF 1) was constructed at the Nichols Bros. Boat Builders shipyard at Freeland, Washington, under contract to Titan Corporation, a subsidiary of L-3 Communications. Nichols Shipyard was selected because of their previous experience in the construction of aluminium-hulled high-speed ferries.

Role
Sea Fighter is destined for employment by the Office of Naval Research as a testbed for technologies related to the Navy's littoral combat ship effort, as well as direct testing of the hull design. Once trials are completed, the Navy will have the option of outfitting the vessel for operational deployment.

Future development
The Navy and Coast Guard are jointly exploring the possibility of further development of Sea Fighter–type vessels for use in patrolling U.S. coastal waters. With an effective range of 4400 nmi unrefueled, the type could also be deployed quickly overseas. Sea Fighter is expected to pave the way for a future line of fast, long-range destroyers capable of travelling fast enough to avoid or outmaneuver most of the current generation of torpedoes. Such vessels would be capable of crossing the Atlantic Ocean unrefueled, and have a very low radar signature, making detection difficult. They would be able to respond quickly to targets located by air or satellite and aggressively attack surface and submerged vessels using their speed to evade torpedo and missile attack.

Concerns
Some concern has been raised with regard to the use of aluminium alloys almost exclusively in the construction of Sea Fighter's hull, as well as future vessels based on the design. While aluminum alloys have a high specific strength, they melt at a lower temperature than steel. Some lay concern has been expressed about aluminum hulls actually burning, but only aluminum dust or powder is considered flammable. Additionally galvanic corrosion may result between the aluminum hull and steel fittings, as happened to the littoral combat ship USS Independence.

title: Sea Fighter (FSF-1)


text:
Talk:Pudu Prison

I have visited Pudu Prison twice in 1986 to see my friend, Kevin Barlow, I cannot begin to describe and sheer horror of the place, the atmosphere on entering those gates, seeing women cry when they saw their menfolk behind bars trying to shout to them, it was a helpless situation. The prison staff I must admit were very kind to me and as a foreigner did everything they could to make my visits comfortable.

I wouldnt wish Pudu prison on any human being, and the memory and horror of the place will stay with me for the rest of my life.

Millie —Preceding unsigned comment added by 195.93.21.104 (talk • contribs)

contradiction
What is it currently used for? RJFJR 17:26, 25 April 2006 (UTC)
 * It is for the construction of Bukit Bintang City Centre. Chongkian (talk) 06:59, 23 May 2022 (UTC)

Aerial Photograph
I have contributed an aerial photograph of Pudu Prison to Wikipedia. Please feel free to use it cropped / resized for this article.

--Joseph Gan 09:31, 5 December 2006 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Pudu Prison


text:
File:Stjohnsbasilicainterior.jpg

Interior of St. John's Basilica

title: File:Stjohnsbasilicainterior.jpg


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Enoround

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. Redwolf24 03:08, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

Enoround
Delte Advert for a little known product. (30 unique google hits). Icelight 18:57, August 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete wikipedia is not a crystal ball either. -- < drini | ∂drini > 19:38, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom. BorgQueen 20:17, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom. Dottore So 20:50, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. And here I was hoping that this was about a section of a quiz devoted to ambient music. Grutness...  wha?  01:33, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Wikipedia talk:Articles for deletion/The rock band Legacy

I accept yours as well. You are too kind.


text:
Nell McCafferty

Nell McCafferty (born 28 March 1944) is an Irish journalist, playwright, civil rights campaigner and feminist. She has written for The Irish Press, The Irish Times, Sunday Tribune, Hot Press and The Village Voice.

Early life
McCafferty was born in Derry, Northern Ireland, to Hugh and Lily McCafferty, and spent her early years in the Bogside area of Derry. She was admitted to Queen's University Belfast (QUB), where she took a degree in Arts. After a brief spell as a substitute English teacher in Northern Ireland and a stint on an Israeli kibbutz, she took up a post with The Irish Times.

Career
McCafferty was a founding member of the Irish Women's Liberation Movement. Her journalistic writing on women and women's rights reflected her beliefs on the status of women in Irish society. In 1970, she wrote that "Women's Liberation is finding it very hard to explain the difference, when you come down to it, except in terms of physical make-up. And men are as different as women, which no-one holds against them. It's the system which divides. Break the system, unite the people."

In 1971, she travelled to Belfast with other members of the Irish Women's Liberation Movement in order to protest the prohibition of the importation and sale of contraceptives in the Republic of Ireland. The incident, which attracted extensive publicity, became known as the Contraceptive Train.

After the disintegration of the Irish Women's Liberation Movement, McCafferty remained active in other women's rights groups, as well as focusing her journalism on women's rights. Her most notable work is her coverage of the Kerry Babies case, which is recorded in her book, A Woman to Blame.

McCafferty contributed the piece "Coping with the womb and the border" to the 1984 anthology Sisterhood Is Global: The International Women's Movement Anthology, edited by Robin Morgan.

In 1990, McCafferty won a Jacob's Award for her reports on the 1990 World Cup for RTÉ Radio 1's The Pat Kenny Show. McCafferty lives in Ranelagh, an area of Dublin. McCafferty published her autobiography, Nell, in 2004. In it, she explores her upbringing in Derry, her relationship with her parents, her fears about being gay, the joy of finding a domestic haven with the love of her life, the Irish writer Nuala O'Faolain, and the pain of losing it.

In 2009, after the publication of the Murphy Report into the abuse of children in the Dublin archdiocese, McCafferty confronted Archbishop Diarmuid Martin asking him why the Catholic Church had not, as a "gesture of redemption", relinquished titles such as "Your Eminence" and "Your Grace."

McCafferty caused a controversy in 2010 with a declaration in a live Newstalk radio interview that the then Minister for Health, Mary Harney, was an alcoholic. This allegation led to a court case in which Harney was awarded €450,000 the following year. McCafferty has very rarely featured on live radio or television in Ireland as a commentator since the incident, despite being ever present in those media from 1990 onwards. However, she has been featured on a number of recorded shows.

The Irish Times wrote that "Nell's distinctive voice, both written and spoken, has a powerful and provocative place in Irish society."

McCafferty received an honorary doctorate of literature from University College Cork on 2 November 2016 for "her unparalleled contribution to Irish public life over many decades and her powerful voice in movements that have had a transformative impact in Irish society, including the feminist movement, campaigns for civil rights and for the marginalised and victims of injustice".

Personal life
McCafferty was in a fifteen-year relationship with the journalist Nuala O'Faolain.

title: Nell McCafferty