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Charlie Brown's All Stars!

Charlie Brown's All Stars! is the second prime-time animated television special based upon the comic strip Peanuts, by Charles M. Schulz. It was the second such TV special (following A Charlie Brown Christmas) to be produced by Lee Mendelson and Bill Melendez (who also directed), and originally aired on CBS on June 8, 1966, with annual re-airings on CBS through 1971.

Plot summary
The special begins with a chase of Charlie Brown trying to catch a long-shot ball which he fails to get and his team shouting at him: "YOU BLOCKHEAD, CHARLIE BROWN!"

After Charlie Brown's baseball team loses their first game of the season, his players quit. Linus meets Charlie Brown with good news: Mr. Hennessey, the operator of the local hardware store, is offering to sponsor Charlie Brown's baseball team, place them in an organized league, and even buy them new uniforms.

The excitement gets the better of Charlie Brown, and he eagerly tells the team the good news. Lucy then states that if Charlie Brown can get the team uniforms, they will give him another chance and return to the team. But however, later at home, Charlie Brown receives a phone call from Mr. Hennessey and is told that the league doesn’t allow girls or dogs to play baseball. Charlie Brown tries to reason with him, but Mr. Hennessey replies that they are the league's rules, not his. If Charlie Brown and his team join the league, Mr. Hennessey says, the girls and Snoopy cannot participate. Unwilling to sacrifice his friends, Charlie Brown has no choice but to decline Mr. Hennessey's offer.

Moments later, Charlie Brown relays the bad news to Linus, who tells him that Lucy and the team will most likely be angry with his decision. However, Charlie Brown has an idea: He will not tell them until after the next game, figuring their lifted spirits will drive them to a great win. Linus says that this may not be a good idea, but Charlie Brown feels it will work. The game starts off slowly, but as it picks up, the team begins to play spectacularly. Although Snoopy successfully steals second, third, and home, Charlie Brown attempts to tie the game by doing the same, only to be thrown out at the plate, ending the game with yet another loss.

Lucy and several others tell Charlie Brown that if they had their uniforms, they would have won the game. Charlie Brown then tells the team (without revealing the reasons why) that he told Mr. Hennessey that the deal was off. This causes the team to yell in anger and storm off. As the girls complain about their misfortune, Linus angrily reveals to them the reason why Charlie Brown declined the offer. Schroeder furiously berates the girls for their selfishness and outrageous behavior, pointing out that the uniforms meant to Charlie Brown as much as they did to them, probably even more, causing them to finally admit defeat and feel ashamed. Lucy comes up with an idea to make up for the insults by making a special baseball uniform for Charlie Brown. Linus insists they have no material available. However, Lucy responds (grinning evilly) that they do and she, the other girls, and Snoopy use Linus's blanket (the only material available) to create the baseball uniform, forcing Linus to give up his habits.

The team presents the newly made uniform shirt to Charlie Brown. He is determined that his team will win the next day's baseball game, but it rains, so the game is canceled. Charlie Brown is standing in the rain on the pitcher's mound, where Linus finds him and tells him that nobody will be coming to the field. When Linus stares at Charlie Brown, Charlie Brown questions why he is looking at him like that. Linus wails bitterly and tells him that his uniform was made out of his blanket. Charlie Brown finally realizes what the girls did and offers him the tail of his uniform (which he accepts and sucks his thumb as he normally does) and they stand on the mound together in the pouring rain during the closing credits.

Cast
This is the first Peanuts special to not feature Tracy Stratford as Lucy van Pelt; she was replaced with Sally Dryer, who voiced Violet in the previous special. This is also the first special where Karen Mendelson voices Violet.
 * Peter Robbins as Charlie Brown
 * Christopher Shea as Linus van Pelt
 * Sally Dryer as Lucy van Pelt
 * Cathy Steinberg as Sally Brown
 * Bill Melendez as Snoopy
 * Ann Altieri as Frieda
 * Glenn Mendelson as Schroeder
 * Geoffrey Ornstein as Pig-Pen
 * Lynn Vanderlip as Patty
 * Kip DeFaria as Shermy
 * Karen Mendelson as Violet

Soundtrack
The soundtrack for Charlie Brown's All Stars! was composed and conducted by Vince Guaraldi and performed by the Vince Guaraldi Sextet.

 * 1) "Charlie's Run"
 * 2) "Charlie Brown and His All-Stars"
 * 3) "Baseball Theme"
 * 4) "Baseball Theme" (brass version)
 * 5) "Baseball Theme" (guitar version)
 * 6) "All-Stars Theme" (variation of "Oh, Good Grief")
 * 7) "All-Stars Theme" (reprise)
 * 8) "Air Music" (aka "Surfin' Snoopy")
 * 9) "Pebble Beach" (brass version)
 * 10) "All-Stars Theme" (second reprise)
 * 11) "Baseball Theme" (reprise)
 * 12) "Air Music"
 * 13) "Baseball Theme" (reprise, brass version)
 * 14) "Trumpet Fanfare"
 * 15) "All-Stars Theme" (third reprise)
 * 16) "Air Music"
 * 17) "Baseball Theme" (second reprise, brass version)
 * 18) "Rain, Rain, Go Away"
 * 19) "All-Stars Theme" (fourth reprise, end credit)

No official soundtrack for Charlie Brown's All Stars! was released, although select music cues have been made available on several compilation albums:
 * "Air Music" appeared on Charlie Brown's Holiday Hits (1998), as "Surfin' Snoopy". The song was used in A Charlie Brown Christmas for later broadcasts when Snoopy expeditiously decorates his doghouse for Christmas.
 * A variation of "Rain, Rain, Go Away" appeared on Oh Good Grief! (1968).

Credits

 * Created and Written by: Charles M. Schulz
 * Original Score Composed and Conducted by: Vince Guaraldi
 * Graphic Blandishment by:
 * Ed Levitt,
 * Bernard Gruver,
 * Ruth Kissane,
 * Dean Spille,
 * Frank Smith,
 * Bob Carlson       John Walker
 * Rudy Zamora       Ed Love
 * Herman Cohen      Beverly Robbins
 * Reuben Timmons    Eleanor Warren
 * Russ Von Neida    Faith Kovaleski
 * Editing: Robert T. Gillis
 * Assisted by: Steven Melendez
 * Sound by: Producers' Sound Service
 * Camera: Nick Vasu
 * Executive Producer: Lee Mendelson
 * Produced and Directed by: Bill Melendez

Book vs. television special
A book about the television special was published shortly after it initially aired. In the book, Charlie Brown tells his teammates "we don't need them," then turns and walks away as they verbally abuse him until Linus defends him, in this instance without giving a reason. In the book, Schroeder is not shown berating the girls and Snoopy along with Linus, although he does in the television show: "Those uniforms meant just as much to Charlie Brown as they did to you. Probably more!" At the end, Linus just comes up to Charlie wearing the new uniform on the pitchers mound and Charlie wordlessly lets him use his shirt tail to hold up against his cheek.

Home media
The special was first released on RCA's SelectaVision CED format in 1983 as part of the "A Charlie Brown Festival Vol. IV" compilation. It was also released on VHS and Betamax by Media Home Entertainment in 1984, along with It's Magic, Charlie Brown. It would be released again by its kids subdivision Hi-Tops Video in 1988. Paramount Home Media Distribution released it on VHS on January 9, 1996, along with It's Spring Training, Charlie Brown. Charlie Brown's All Stars! was released in DVD format on March 2, 2004, grouped with the similarly themed It's Spring Training, Charlie Brown (1992) and Lucy Must Be Traded, Charlie Brown (2003). On July 7, 2009, it was released in remastered form as part of the DVD box set, Peanuts 1960's Collection. It was again released as part of the 4K edition of It's the Great Pumpkin, Charlie Brown in 2017.

Cancelled video game adaption
A cancelled video game titled Charlie Brown's All Stars for the PlayStation 2 and PlayStation Portable was likely going to be an adaption of the special. It was developed simultaneously with Snoopy vs. the Red Baron by FarSight Studios and was going to be published by Namco Bandai Games. It was going to release in the spring of 2007; however, it was cancelled due to an excessive amount of projects by the studio and lack of staff.

Production notes

 * The scene where Snoopy is surfing is later reanimated in Snoopy Come Home, which in turn was later re-used in You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown, and Snoopy's Reunion.
 * Like A Charlie Brown Christmas and It's the Great Pumpkin, Charlie Brown before it, this special also had sponsoring from Coca-Cola (and Dolly Madison on a repeat after 1966), which was later edited out from later broadcasts and video/DVD releases.
 * The original music cue "Surfin' Snoopy" was later used in a re-broadcast of "A Charlie Brown Christmas".
 * This is the first non-holiday-oriented Peanuts special.
 * Even though Linus knows why Charlie Brown didn't get the uniforms, he can be seen getting mad and yelling at Charlie Brown with the others. He then explains to them why Charlie Brown turned down the offer.
 * This special was originally announced as Good Grief, Charlie Brown and was advertised as such in The New York Times.

Reception
The special was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Children's Program in 1967, along with It's the Great Pumpkin, Charlie Brown. It lost to Hanna-Barbera's Jack and the Beanstalk, starring Gene Kelly.

title: Charlie Brown's All Stars!


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Sonoco

Sonoco Products Company is an American provider of diversified consumer packaging, industrial products, protective packaging, and packaging supply chain services and the world's largest producer of composite cans, tubes, and cores. The company was founded in 1889 as Southern Novelty Company with annualized net sales of approximately $7.3 billion. Sonoco has 19,900 employees in more than 335 operations in 33 countries, serving more than 85 nations. The company is headquartered in Hartsville, South Carolina, and is South Carolina's largest corporation in terms of sales.

Sonoco is a member of the New York Stock Exchange Century Index and the S&P 400.

Operations
Sonoco is the world's largest producer of tubes, cores, and fiber concrete columns under the brand name Sonotube concrete forms and a leading manufacturer of blow-molded plastic containers, consumer and industrial thermoformed plastic packaging, engineered molded and extruded plastic products, rigid paperboard containers, and convenience closures.

Sonoco's operations consist of its consumer packaging businesses, including Global Rigid Paper and Closures, Global Flexibles, and Global Plastics; its Global Services division, which provides high-impact retail displays and packaging supply chain management; its Industrial Converted Products businesses, which manufacture tubes and cores and reels for the wire and cable industry, produces uncoated recycled paperboard globally for Sonoco's fiber-based packaging divisions and external converters, and includes Sonoco Recycling, one of the world's largest recyclers; and its Protective Packaging division, which produces highly engineered, custom-designed protective, temperature-assurance, and retail security packaging.

In September 2023, it was announced Sonoco has completed the acquisition of the US packaging company RTS Packaging from its holding company, WestRock for $330 million.

Sustainability
Sonoco was named the top global packaging company for sustainability and corporate responsibility in the 2011 and 2012 the Dow Jones Sustainability World Index. The firm also received Sustainable Asset Management (SAM) Gold Class Awards in SAM's Sustainability Yearbook in 2011, 2012, and 2013, was named one of the Top 100 Corporate Citizens by Corporate Responsibility Magazine in 2011 and 2012, and has been listed among the United States's 500 largest publicly traded companies in Newsweek magazine's "Green Rankings" for three consecutive years.

Sonoco Recycling annually collects approximately 3 million tons of old corrugated containers, various grades of paper, metals and plastics. The company also provides recycling programs for many large consumer product companies in the U.S..

Administration employees

 * Major James Lide Coker founded the Southern Novelty Company in 1899, which became Sonoco in 1923.
 * Charles W. Coker, President 1970–1990, CEO 1970–1998, and chairman 1976–2005.
 * Harris E. DeLoach Jr., Executive Chairman of the board, and former CEO previous to M. Jack Sanders.
 * M. Jack Sanders, President and chief executive officer 2013–2018.
 * Rob C. Tiede, President and chief executive officer; 2018–2020.
 * R. Howard Coker, President and chief executive officer; Elected 2020.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Sonoco


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Black level

Video black level is defined as the level of brightness at the darkest (black) part of a visual image or the level of brightness at which no light is emitted from a screen, resulting in a pure black screen.

Video displays generally need to be calibrated so that the displayed black is true to the black information in the video signal. If the black level is not correctly adjusted, visual information in a video signal could be displayed as black, or black information could be displayed as above black information (gray).

The voltage of the black level varies across different television standards. PAL sets the black level the same as the blanking level, while NTSC sets the black level approximately 54 mV above the blanking level.

User misadjustment of black level on monitors is common. It results in darker colors having their hue changed, it affects contrast, and in many cases causes some of the image detail to be lost.

Black level is set by displaying a testcard image and adjusting display controls. With CRT displays:
 * "brightness" adjusts black level
 * "contrast" adjusts white level
 * CRTs tend to have some interdependence of controls, so a control sometimes needs adjustment more than once.

In digital video black level usually means the range of RGB values in video signal, which can be either [0..255] (or "normal"; typical of a computer output) or [16..235] (or "low"; standard for video).

title: Black level


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J. Frank Allee

James Frank Allee (December 2, 1857 – October 12, 1938) was an American merchant and politician from Dover, in Kent County, Delaware. He was a member of the Republican Party who served in the Delaware General Assembly and as U.S. Senator from Delaware. He was known by his middle name.

Early life and family
Allee was born in Dover, Delaware to Martha Jane Day and James Francis Allee. He is descended from French Huguenots from Artois (original surname spelled d'Ailly) who moved to New Jersey in the 1680s, then Delaware. The Allee House on Bombay Hook, Kent, Delaware still stands. Following his education he learned the trade of jeweler and watchmaker from his father, whom he succeeded in business. He worked in the jewelry business throughout his life, as well as engaging in the fruit and vegetable canning industry. He married January 18, 1882 to Lizzie Stevens and they were members of the Christ Episcopal Church in Dover.

Party Chairman
Allee was chairman of the Republican Party State committee from 1886 until 1896 and was a State Senator for three sessions from the 1899/1900 session through the 1903/04 session.

Elections at this time were often decided by which candidate was best able to assist certain voters in the payment of their poll tax. This was especially true in 1894, as the country was in the midst of an economic depression, the effects of which were particularly bad in Delaware, and comparable to the Great Depression of the 1930s. As chairman of the Republican Party State committee, Allee sought funding to support Republican candidates. He naturally went for help to the only statewide Republican officeholder, U.S. Senator Anthony Higgins. Higgins had the kind of ties to the wealthy New Castle County Republican establishment that could have found the cash necessary. Unfortunately, as New Castle Republicans were prone to do, Higgins dismissed the request in such a manner that Allee, and his downstate associates, never forgot, and promptly sought assistance elsewhere.

The help was at hand in the person of J. Edward Addicks. Addicks was a wealthy gas company industrialist from Philadelphia, who had established a residence in northern Delaware. He had contributed some money to both parties over the years, but now worked out an arrangement with Allee that sent massive amounts of cash to the downstate Republicans in return for their support for Addicks' candidacy for the U.S. Senate seat of Anthony Higgins. This arrangement continued for a decade and was enormously beneficial in the rebuilding of the Republican Party in Kent and Sussex County, as a progressive alternative to the established political order.

There was a negative side to the arrangement, however. Higgins and the New Castle Republicans despised Allee, and the "carpetbagger" Addicks, and refused to support them in any way. While the 1894 elections brought a Republican majority to the General Assembly, only six were aligned with Allee and Addicks. Six was enough to prevent Higgins from gaining a majority, but not enough to elect Addicks. The General Assembly was deadlocked, and the U.S. Senate seat remained vacant for nearly two years, until the Democrats regained the majority two years later.

In the meantime Allee and Addicks’ efforts continued to bear fruit to the extent that their supporters became a majority at the 1896 Republican State Convention. This development triggered a walkout by the New Castle Republicans, who promptly labeled themselves the "Regular Republicans" or "Regulars." The Allee and Addicks faction became known as "Union Republicans." The split continued as long as Addicks pursued his dream of a seat in the U.S. Senate.

United States Senate
By 1899, the Republicans were back in the majority in the General Assembly and another U.S. Senate seat came vacant. In 1901, the second one became vacant as well. Now Delaware had two seats vacant and still the General Assembly could not elect anyone. The situation was drawing national attention, and ridicule. Finally, the "Regular Republicans" issued an ultimatum to Allee, saying they would cooperate with the Democrats unless Addicks would relent. Under much pressure, Addicks did finally compromise by allowing his lieutenant, Allee, to be elected to one of the U.S. Senate seats on March 2, 1903. By the time Allee's term ended, Addicks had lost his fortune and left Delaware politics. T. Coleman du Pont became the effective Republican leader and managed to bring the two competing factions together. Without his mentor, Allee was politically stranded, and therefore, was not a candidate for reelection when his term ended.

Allee filled the vacancy in the term commencing March 4, 1901. During this term, he served with the Republican majority in the 58th and 59th Congress. In the 58th Congress he was Chairman of the Committee on Indian Depredations until December 14, 1904, when he left the committee to become chairman of the Committee on the Organization, Conduct, and Expenditures of the Executive Departments. During the 59th Congress, he chaired the Committee on Railroads. In all, he served from March 2, 1903, until March 4, 1907, during the administration of U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt.

Years later, Allee became involved with yet another Republican intra-party squabble. This grew out of the bitter competition between Alfred I. du Pont and Pierre S. du Pont. Allee gave his support to Alfred I. du Pont.

Death and legacy
Allee died at Dover and is buried there in the Christ Episcopal Church Cemetery.

Almanac
Elections are held the first Tuesday after November 1. Members of the Delaware General Assembly take office the second Tuesday of January. The State Senate has a term of four years. The General Assembly chose the U.S. Senators, who took office March 4 for a six-year term.

{|class=wikitable style="width: 94%" style="text-align: center;" align="center" !colspan=7 style="background: #ccccff;" |Public Offices ! Office ! Type ! Location ! Began office ! Ended office ! notes
 * -bgcolor=#cccccc
 * State Senator
 * Legislature
 * Dover
 * January 10, 1899
 * January 13, 1903
 * State Senator
 * Legislature
 * Dover
 * January 13, 1903
 * March 2, 1903
 * U.S. Senator
 * Legislature
 * Washington
 * March 2, 1903
 * March 3, 1907
 * U.S. Senator
 * Legislature
 * Washington
 * March 2, 1903
 * March 3, 1907

{|class=wikitable style="width: 94%" style="text-align: center;" align="center" !colspan=7 style="background: #ccccff;" |United States Congressional service ! Dates ! Congress ! Chamber ! Majority ! President ! Committees ! Class/District Executive Departments
 * -bgcolor=#cccccc
 * 1903–1905
 * 58th
 * Senate
 * Republican
 * Theodore Roosevelt
 * Indian Depredations
 * Indian Depredations
 * class 2
 * 1905–1907
 * 59th
 * Senate
 * Republican
 * Theodore Roosevelt
 * Railroads
 * class 2
 * class 2

Images

 * Hall of Governors Portrait Gallery; Portrait courtesy of Historical and Cultural Affairs, Dover.

title: J. Frank Allee


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User talk:Joelbryan.juliano

Welcome
Hello, Kumusta ka? Your article Paglipas Ng Lipad is about to be deleted.

Ako si Jondel.

welcome to Wikipedia.

Please don't copy and paste from the web as these are violations of wikipedia and journalism. You may rewrite though. Also this is an English Wikipedia. There is a Tagalog wikipedia.

You might find these links helpful in creating new pages or helping with the above tasks: How to edit a page, How to write a great article, Naming conventions, Manual of Style. You should read our policies at some point too.

If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. If you made any edits before you got an account, you might be interested in assigning those to your username. I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian!

 * If you made any edits before you got an account, you might be interested in assigning those to your username.

 * You can sign your name using three tildes, like this: . If you use four, you can add a datestamp too.

 * If you ever think a page or image should be deleted, please list it at the votes for deletion page. There is also a votes for undeletion page if you want to retrieve something that you think should not have been deleted.

Again, welcome! --Jondel 05:32, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Joelbryan.juliano


text:
MiniBooNE

MiniBooNE is a Cherenkov detector experiment at Fermilab designed to observe neutrino oscillations (BooNE is an acronym for the Booster Neutrino Experiment). A neutrino beam consisting primarily of muon neutrinos is directed at a detector filled with 800 tons of mineral oil (ultrarefined methylene compounds) and lined with 1,280 photomultiplier tubes. An excess of electron neutrino events in the detector would support the neutrino oscillation interpretation of the LSND (Liquid Scintillator Neutrino Detector) result.

MiniBooNE started collecting data in 2002 and was still running in 2017. In May 2018, physicists of the MiniBooNE experiment reported a possible signal indicating the existence of sterile neutrinos.

History and motivation
Experimental observation of solar neutrinos and atmospheric neutrinos provided evidence for neutrino oscillations, implying that neutrinos have masses. Data from the LSND experiment at Los Alamos National Laboratory are controversial since they are not compatible with the oscillation parameters measured by other neutrino experiments in the framework of the Standard Model. Either there must be an extension to the Standard Model, or one of the experimental results must have a different explanation. Moreover, the KARMEN experiment in Karlsruhe examined a [low energy] region similar to the LSND experiment, but saw no indications of neutrino oscillations. This experiment was less sensitive than LSND, and both could be right.

Cosmological data can provide an indirect but rather model-dependent bound to the mass of sterile neutrinos, such as the ms < $0.26 eV$ ($0.44 eV$) at 95% (99.9%) confidence limit given by Dodelson et al. However, cosmological data can be accommodated within models with different assumptions, such as that by Gelmini et al.

MiniBooNE was designed to unambiguously verify or refute the LSND controversial result in a controlled environment.

2007

 * After the beam was turned on in 2002, the first results came in late March 2007, and showed no evidence for muon neutrino to electron neutrino oscillations in the LSND [low energy] region, refuting a simple 2-neutrino oscillation interpretation of the LSND results. More advanced analyses of their data are currently being undertaken by the MiniBooNE collaboration; early indications are pointing towards the existence of the sterile neutrino, an effect interpreted by some physicists to be hinting of the existence of the bulk or Lorentz violation.

2008

 * A collaboration of MiniBooNE with other scientists a new experiment, called MicroBooNE, was designed to further investigate sterile neutrinos.

2018

 * With a study published on arXiv, the collaboration announced that the finding of neutrino oscillations at MiniBooNE are confirmed at a 4.8 sigma level and, when combined with data at LSND, at a 6.1 sigma level. This hints at the detection of sterile neutrinos and a significant deviation from known physics. The implication of the paper is that some of the muon neutrinos are flipping to sterile neutrinos before switching identity again to electron neutrinos.

title: MiniBooNE


text: User talk:199.126.39.224

title: User talk:199.126.39.224


text:
Anne Hamilton, 3rd Duchess of Hamilton

Anne Hamilton, 3rd Duchess of Hamilton (6 January 1632 – 17 October 1716) was a Scottish peeress.

The daughter of James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Hamilton and 3rd Marquess of Hamilton, Scottish General and premier peer of the realm, and Lady Mary Feilding, daughter of William Feilding, 1st Earl of Denbigh, and his wife, the former Lady Susan Villiers, a sister of George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham.

She was born at the Palace of Whitehall in London, where her mother was a Lady of the Bedchamber to Henrietta Maria of France, wife of King Charles I.

Her name is found as a shareholder in "A List of the Names of the Adventurers in the Bank of Scotland, February 4, 1697". Holding shares worth £8000 Scots, she was entitled to be elected as Governor.

Accession
Following the 1st Duke's execution for his part in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms in 1649, his brother, William, Earl of Lanark, inherited the titles and lands. William died from wounds received at the Battle of Worcester in 1651, whilst leading his regiment into some of the thickest of the fighting. In his will made at The Hague in 1650, he stipulated that the Lady Anne was his heir, over and above his own children, (all daughters, his only son having died in childhood).

Lady Anne became the Duchess of Hamilton, with the subsidiary titles Marchioness of Clydesdale, Countess of Arran, Lanark and Cambridge, the Lady Aven, Innerdale, Machanshire and Polmont. She succeeded to the dukedom of Hamilton thanks to a remainder that stipulated, the dukedom should devolve upon his brother and male heirs, and that the eldest daughter of the 1st Duke should succeed to the dukedom only if her uncle died leaving no sons.

Through paternal descent, Anne had a claim to the throne of Scotland, although this was dependent upon the failure of the House of Stuart. She was descended from James II through the marriage of the 1st Lord Hamilton to James's daughter Mary. Her great-great-grandfather, the 2nd Earl of Arran, had been heir presumptive from the death of Regent Albany until the birth of James VI, and had served as regent of Scotland during the childhood and absence in France of Mary, Queen of Scots.

Marriage and issue
She was wed in 1656, at the kirk of Corstorphine near Edinburgh, to William Douglas, 1st Earl of Selkirk, a younger son of William Douglas, 1st Marquess of Douglas. Selkirk was created Duke of Hamilton for his lifetime, included the subsidiary titles pertaining to the Dukedom jure uxoris, and in 1660 he assumed the surname Hamilton. Between 1657 and 1673, the couple produced 13 children:
 * Lady Mary Hamilton (1657–1666)
 * James Hamilton, 4th Duke of Hamilton (1658–1712), until 1698 he was styled as Earl of Arran
 * Lord William Hamilton (1659–1681)
 * Lady Anna Hamilton (1661–1663)
 * Lady Catherine Hamilton (1662–1707), married John Murray, 1st Duke of Atholl
 * Lord Charles Hamilton (1664–1739), later 2nd Earl of Selkirk
 * Lord John Hamilton (1665–1744), later 1st Earl of Ruglen and 3rd Earl of Selkirk
 * Field Marshal Lord George Hamilton (1666–1737), later 1st Earl of Orkney
 * Lady Susan Hamilton, married firstly John Cochrane, 2nd Earl of Dundonald; married secondly John Hay, 3rd Marquess of Tweeddale
 * Lady Margaret Hamilton (1668–1731), married James Maule, 4th Earl of Panmure
 * Lady Anna Hamilton (b. 1669), died in infancy
 * Lord Basil Hamilton (1671–1701)
 * Lord Archibald Hamilton (1673–1754)

James, Earl of Arran's father died in 1694, and in July 1698 his mother resigned all her titles into the hand of King William, who regranted them to Arran a month later in a charter signed at Het Loo, Netherlands. He was conferred with the titles: Duke of Hamilton, Marquess of Clydesdale, Earl of Arran, Earl of Lanark, Earl of Cambridge, Lord Aven, Polmont, Machansyre, and Innerdale. This regrant of title was presumably because of the loyalty of Arran's parents to the King, as his own affection to the House of Orange was questionable due to his suspected Jacobitism. The Duchess died at Hamilton on 17 October 1716, and is buried there, in the Bent Cemetery.

Building works
After her marriage, the Duchess and her husband set about laying the foundations for what would be, under later Dukes, the largest private residence in the western hemisphere, Hamilton Palace.

This was constructed on the site of what was commonly called either the 'Palace' or 'The Orchard', a courtyard style building in the Low Parks of Hamilton. The Hamiltons had lived in the Low Parks, the more formal area of their estate in the Clyde valley, since the fourteenth century.

In 1684 she commissioned the architect, James Smith to remodel the existing buildings, removing the southern part of the previous courtyard building on the site and increasing the scale of the edifice to form a U-shaped mansion house.

Today, the palace is no more, and the Low Parks now form part of Strathclyde Park, having been given to the nation in lieu of death duties upon the passing of the 14th Duke in 1973.

Another of the Duchess's works was the building of a new school building to house the Grammar School of Hamilton (in 1848 renamed the Hamilton Academy) which had originally been endowed in 1588 by her great-grandfather John Hamilton, 1st Marquess of Hamilton and sited near the churchyard adjoining Hamilton Palace. In 1714 the Duchess presented this new school building on the newly named Grammar School Square to the Town Council of Hamilton. The building remained in the school's use until 1848 when, as now the Hamilton Academy, the school relocated to a further purpose-built building. Duchess Anne's building of 1714 was demolished in 1932; a plaque commemorating the site was subsequently erected by Hamilton Civic Society, the Hamilton family continuing as benefactors of the school (see article Hamilton Academy).

title: Anne Hamilton, 3rd Duchess of Hamilton


text:
Talk:Mick Manning

Possible reference
Mick Manning's book How Did I Begin? is referenced in this article which could be useful for anyone wishing to improve this article.--CharlieDelta (talk) 07:39, 10 March 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Mick Manning


text:
Chaos game

In mathematics, the term chaos game originally referred to a method of creating a fractal, using a polygon and an initial point selected at random inside it. The fractal is created by iteratively creating a sequence of points, starting with the initial random point, in which each point in the sequence is a given fraction of the distance between the previous point and one of the vertices of the polygon; the vertex is chosen at random in each iteration. Repeating this iterative process a large number of times, selecting the vertex at random on each iteration, and throwing out the first few points in the sequence, will often (but not always) produce a fractal shape. Using a regular triangle and the factor 1/2 will result in the Sierpinski triangle, while creating the proper arrangement with four points and a factor 1/2 will create a display of a "Sierpinski Tetrahedron", the three-dimensional analogue of the Sierpinski triangle. As the number of points is increased to a number N, the arrangement forms a corresponding (N-1)-dimensional Sierpinski Simplex.

The term has been generalized to refer to a method of generating the attractor, or the fixed point, of any iterated function system (IFS). Starting with any point x0, successive iterations are formed as xk+1 = fr(xk), where fr is a member of the given IFS randomly selected for each iteration. The iterations converge to the fixed point of the IFS. Whenever x0 belongs to the attractor of the IFS, all iterations xk stay inside the attractor and, with probability 1, form a dense set in the latter.

The "chaos game" method plots points in random order all over the attractor. This is in contrast to other methods of drawing fractals, which test each pixel on the screen to see whether it belongs to the fractal. The general shape of a fractal can be plotted quickly with the "chaos game" method, but it may be difficult to plot some areas of the fractal in detail.

With the aid of the "chaos game" a new fractal can be made and while making the new fractal some parameters can be obtained. These parameters are useful for applications of fractal theory such as classification and identification. The new fractal is self-similar to the original in some important features such as fractal dimension.

Optimal value of r for every regular polygon
At each iteration of the chaos game, the point xk+1 can be placed anywhere along the line connecting the point xk and the vertex of choice, v. Defining r as the ratio between the two distances d(xk,xk+1) and d(xk,v), it is possible to find the optimal value of r, i.e., ropt, for every N-sided regular polygon, that produces a fractal with optimal packing, i.e., the subscale polygons are in contact but do not overlap.

The value of ropt can be calculated as the ratio between the length of the side of the first subscale polygon and the side of the original polygon. This ratio can be calculated geometrically:

$$r_{opt}=\frac{(1+2a)}{(2+2a)}$$

In which a is calculated as:

$$a=\sum_{i=1}^n\cos[i(\pi-\theta)]$$

Where θ is the internal angle of the polygon and n is the index of the most protruding vertex, counted starting from the base, i.e. $$n=\lfloor\frac{N}{4}\rfloor$$ where $$\lfloor\rfloor$$ represents the integral part of the fraction.

The optimal ratio $$r_{opt}$$ has also been called the kissing ratio $$K_n$$. Abdulaziz & Said showed that $$K_n$$ is

$$\frac{1}{1+\tan \frac{\pi}{n}} \qquad \text{if} \quad n \equiv 0 \bmod 4$$

$$\frac{1}{1+2\sin \frac{\pi}{2n}} \quad \text{if} \quad n \equiv 1,3 \bmod 4$$

$$\frac{1}{1+\sin \frac{\pi}{n}} \qquad \text{if} \quad n \equiv 2 \bmod 4$$

Expansion of the chaos game for values of r greater than 1
While an optimally packed fractal appears only for a defined value of r, i.e., ropt, it is possible to play the chaos game using other values as well. If r>1 (the point xk+1 jumps at a greater distance than the distance between the point xk and the vertex v), the generated figure extends outside the initial polygon. When r=2, the algorithm enters in a meta-stable state and generates quasi-symmetric figures. For values of r>2, the points are placed further and further from the center of the initial polygon at each iteration, the algorithm becomes unstable and no figure is generated.

Restricted chaos game

If the chaos game is run with a square, no fractal appears and the interior of the square fills evenly with points. However, if restrictions are placed on the choice of vertices, fractals will appear in the square. For example, if the current vertex cannot be chosen in the next iteration, this fractal appears:

If the current vertex cannot be one place away (anti-clockwise) from the previously chosen vertex, this fractal appears:

If the point is prevented from landing on a particular region of the square, the shape of that region will be reproduced as a fractal in other and apparently unrestricted parts of the square.

Jumps other than 1/2
When the length of the jump towards a vertex or another point is not 1/2, the chaos game generates other fractals, some of them very well-known. For example, when the jump is 2/3 and the point can also jump towards the center of the square, the chaos game generates the Vicsek fractal:

When the jump is 2/3 and the point can also jump towards the midpoints of the four sides, the chaos game generates the Sierpinski carpet:

Chaos game used to represent sequences
With minor modifications to the game rules, it is possible to use the chaos game algorithm to represent any well-defined sequence, i.e., a sequence composed by the repetition of a limited number of distinct elements. In fact, for a sequence with a number N of distinct elements, it is possible to play the chaos game on an N-sided polygon, assigning each element to a vertex and playing the game choosing the vertices following the progression of the sequence (instead of choosing a random vertex). In this version of the game, the generated image is a unique representation of the sequence. This method was applied to the representation of genes (N=4, r=0.5) and proteins (N=20, r=0.863). Additionally, the representations of protein sequences was used to instruct ML models to predict protein features. The expansion of the chaos game using r=2 can be useful to magnify small mutations in the comparison between two (or more) sequences.

title: Chaos game


text:
James Russell Wiggins

James Russell Wiggins (December 4, 1903 – November 19, 2000) was an American managing editor of The Washington Post and United States Ambassador to the United Nations.

In Minnesota
Wiggins' first job in journalism was as reporter for the Rock County Star in Luverne, Minnesota immediately out of high school. In 1925, at the age of 22, he borrowed $10,000 and bought the newspaper. In 1930, he moved to St. Paul to become an editorial writer for the St. Paul Pioneer Press and later served as Washington correspondent before becoming managing editor in 1938.

Washington Post years
During World War II, Wiggins served in Army Air Corps intelligence. While serving in the army, he met Philip Graham who would later become publisher of The Washington Post.

Graham made Wiggins managing editor of The Post in 1947 and promoted him to executive editor in 1955. During 1960 to 1968, he worked as editor and executive vice president.

One of his first acts as editor was to end racial identification in news articles. In 1954 Wiggins Received the Elijah Parish Lovejoy Award as well as an honorary Doctor of Laws degree from Colby College. He was president of the American Society of Newspaper Editors in 1959-60. Wiggins took over the Post's editorial page in 1961.

U.N. ambassador
President Lyndon Johnson appointed Wiggins U.S. ambassador to the United Nations in 1968 to 1969 during the Lyndon Johnson presidency. In 1969 Wiggins received an LL.D. from Bates College.

Later years
After his tenure as ambassador, Wiggins moved to Brooklin, Maine where he became editor and publisher of The Ellsworth American of Ellsworth, Maine. He received the Eugene Cervi Award from the International Society of Weekly Newspaper Editors in 1987.

Wiggins was married to his high school sweetheart, Mabel Preston, and their marriage lasted 67 years until her death in 1990.

title: James Russell Wiggins


text:
Richard R. Kenney

Richard Rolland Kenney (September 9, 1856 – August 14, 1931) was an American lawyer and politician from Dover, in Kent County, Delaware. He was a member of the Democratic Party who was a U.S. Senator from Delaware.

Early life and family
Kenney was born in Laurel, Delaware. He attended public schools and Laurel Academy, and graduated in 1878 from Hobart College in Geneva, New York. Subsequently, he studied the law, was admitted to the bar in 1881, and began a practice in Dover, Delaware.

Professional and political career
Kenney was the State Librarian from 1879 until 1881. He was also Captain in the National Guard from 1880 until 1889, and Adjutant General of the state from 1887 until 1891. In 1896 he became a member of the Democratic National Committee.

He was elected to the U.S. Senate on January 19, 1897. He filled the vacancy in the term commencing March 4, 1895, caused by the ongoing Addicks controversy. During this term, he served with the Democratic minority in the 54th, 55th, and 56th Congress. The Democrats were unable to secure his reelection in 1901, and the seat became vacant again. In all, he served from January 19, 1897, until March 4, 1901, during the administration of U.S. President William McKinley.

Following his term, Kenney resumed the practice of law in Dover. Later, during the World War I, he served in the Judge Advocate General's Department. In 1921 he was elected counsel to the Delaware House of Representatives, elected prosecuting attorney by the levy court of Kent County, and appointed a member of the State board of supplies. He was also member and secretary of the State public lands commission from 1913 until 1929.

Death and legacy
Kenney died at Dover and is buried there in the Christ Episcopal Church Cemetery.

Almanac
The General Assembly chose the U.S. Senators, who took office March 4th for a six-year term.

Images

 * Biographical Directory of the United States

title: Richard R. Kenney


text:
Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Game theory

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Request for comment on Biographies of living people
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Articles for deletion/Blackmailer Paradox
All opinions welcome. walk victor falktalk 00:29, 17 July 2010 (UTC)

Multicomponent Attrition Game
I am thinking of begining the page for the Multicomponent Attrition Game. I had added it to the list of suggestions some time back, as I found it to be an interesting game which no one had started yet. If anyone has any info, references, ect, which would be useful on this article feel free to suggest them here or on my talk page. Keep in mind that I am a bit of a wikiogre, so once the interesting bits are done, there will probably still need to be some amount of cleanup, additional citations, and detail work, but the idea for me at least is to get the page started in the right direction.(I say this in the interest of honesty, not condescention)-- S c or pio n4 5 1 rant 18:16, 30 July 2010 (UTC)

I have created a draft of this article, and would welcome any and all comments and suggestions.-- S c or pio n4 5 1 rant 17:13, 6 August 2010 (UTC)

Game theory articles have been selected for the Wikipedia 0.8 release
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For the Wikipedia 1.0 editorial team, SelectionBot 23:04, 19 September 2010 (UTC)

Some original research
on using game theory to analyze Wikipedia itself:. Comments are very much welcome.radek (talk) 22:44, 20 September 2010 (UTC)

Shapley–Folkman lemma
Often used in mathematical economics and game theory, the Shapley–Folkman lemma concerns the approximate convexity of Minkowski sums of non-convex sets.

The article has received a substantial (Wikipedia) peer-review. The additional suggestions (including article assessment) of (mathematical) game-theorists would be especially helpful now.

Thanks! Best regards, Kiefer.Wolfowitz (talk) 19:32, 11 November 2010 (UTC)

Mathematical economics: Shapley-Folkman, Chichilnisky, & Mas-Colell, and Guesnerie
Re: Updates

This week User:David Eppstein created articles on the mathematical economists Andreu Mas-Colell and Graciela Chichilnisky (yesterday).

Chichilnisky iher work on international trade, development, and environmental economics has received international attention; she is known for her development of continuous social choice theory. Further, she has received national attention in the USA because of a (now settled) sex-discrimination law-suit.

I translated part of the article from French WP on Roger Guesnerie last week.

Also, another economics article started by David, the Shapley-Folkman lemma, received "Good Article" status yesterday, thanks to the reviewing of User:Jakob.scholbach, who guided the needed revisions. Further editing, especially copy-editing, would be appreciated.

Best regards,

Citation templates now support more identifiers
Recent changes were made to citations templates (such as citation, cite journal, cite web...). In addition to what was previously supported (bibcode, doi, jstor, isbn, ...), templates now support arXiv, ASIN, JFM, LCCN, MR, OL, OSTI, RFC, SSRN and Zbl. Before, you needed to place id (or worse http://arxiv.org/abs/0123.4567), now you can simply use 0123.4567, likewise for id and http://www.jstor.org/stable/0123456789 → 0123456789.

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Obviously not all citations needs all parameters, but this streamlines the most popular ones and gives both better metadata and better appearances when printed. Headbomb {talk / contribs / physics / books} 02:51, 8 March 2011 (UTC)

ArbCom decision on Monty Hall Problem: Decision theory
The arbitration on the Monty Hall problem is of interest to game theorists and decision theorists.

The proposed decision contains wording about "complex Bayesian solution", I note.

Also, it may be useful to be aware of the language regarding original research versus exposition using secondary sources, which is also discussed on the WikiProject Mathematics's talk page. Sincerely, Kiefer.Wolfowitz  (Discussion) 12:21, 14 March 2011 (UTC)

Request for input in discussion forum
Given the closely linked subjects of the various religion, mythology, and philosophy groups, it seems to me that we might benefit from having some sort of regular topical discussion forum to discuss the relevant content. I have put together the beginnings of an outline for such discussion at WikiProject Religion/2011 meeting, and would very much appreciate the input of any interested editors. I am thinking that it might run over two months, the first of which would be to bring forward and discuss the current state of the content, and the second for perhaps some more focused discussion on what, if any, specific efforts might be taken in the near future. Any and all input is more than welcome. John Carter (talk)

Automated message by Project Messenger Bot from John Carter at 15:44, 5 April 2011

MHP FAR
nominated Monty Hall problem for a featured article review here. Please join the discussion on whether this article meets featured article criteria. Articles are typically reviewed for two weeks. If substantial concerns are not addressed during the review period, the article will be moved to the Featured Article Removal Candidates list for a further period, where editors may declare "Keep" or "Delist" the article's featured status. The instructions for the review process are here. Tijfo098 (talk) 22:59, 7 April 2011 (UTC)

Partnership game
There are zero links to this one-paragraph article and no discussion except the project banner. If the concept is important there should be some in-links from other game theory articles.

There are partnership games in another sense, played by four or more people in pairs: whist, doubles tennis, best ball golf, and so on.--P64 (talk) 20:03, 8 April 2011 (UTC)

 * Adding link for easier examination: partnership game C RETOG 8(t/c) 20:50, 8 April 2011 (UTC)
 * That article needs more context before it's worth linking to. My quick search just now for partnership game stuff makes it look like it refers to something like a symmetric principal-agent problem, where there are partners who jointly benefit from an enterprise, but each has incentive to shirk. Two links:, . C RETOG 8(t/c) 20:56, 8 April 2011 (UTC)
 * That is worth an article, even if limited to two partners which seems unnecessary. The current stub makes it seem trivial to me, specifying identical payoffs pairs ^P P^ for all strategy pairs ^S1 S2^, I think it means.
 * Perhaps the others may be called "pairs game" or "doubles game". At the moment I would write that article only about five times longer than this one ;-) which content that would not justify getting started, certainly not worth disambiguation! --P64 (talk) 17:05, 9 April 2011 (UTC)
 * I've asked for feedback from the original creator of the article. It's possible they can provide more context. C RETOG 8(t/c) 17:57, 9 April 2011 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure if they invented the term, but I first encountered it in Josef Hofbauer and Karl Sigmund's Evolutionary games and population dynamics. On page 82 they define it in terms of symmetry of payoff matrices.  A game is a partnership game if the payoff to all players is the same for a given strategy profile.  For H&S, partnership games are pure coordination games.
 * A quick google search reveals some inconsistency in usage.  use it to define a class of games that includes prisoner's dilemma like games.  It looks like H&S use is common in biology, while partnership games have more than one different meaning in the economics.  --best, kevin [kzollman][talk] 17:21, 19 April 2011 (UTC)

Economics sidebar: Game theory and Mathematical methods
Outside thoughts are requested for the economics sidebar. One question is whether the term the JEL's Mathematical and Quantitative Methods should be called "Technical Methods", following the old New Palgrave (but not the current NP, which follows the JEL). Another question is whether game theory should be classified among the mathematical/quantitative methods (following the JEL) or among the economic subfields, alongside information economics and industrial organization (not following the JEL). Thanks, Kiefer.Wolfowitz  (Discussion) 08:56, 11 April 2011 (UTC)

Typology and toplogy of 2x2 games
We have a semi-haphazard collection of articles on 2x2 (matrix) games, and some typologies there of, e.g. coordination game. Besides that well-known class, there are bunch of ad-hoc typologies that vary between authors, e.g. some define anti-coordination game, others define discoordination games. More recently 2x2 games have been classified using topology with some elements of graph and group theory by "alikeness" in, e.g. symmetric games. If someone has broad knowledge in this area an overview article would be nice; call it 2x2 games perhaps? Tijfo098 (talk) 06:39, 9 May 2011 (UTC)
 * I see we have symmetric game, so that's a good start (even though not citing that book yet). Tijfo098 (talk) 07:09, 9 May 2011 (UTC)
 * 2x2 isn't the best way to categorize these. Coordination games and symmetric games aren't only 2x2. I'm not sure about the others. That said, 2x2 games are used a lot in illustrations, so a list-article like List of 2x2 games might be worthwhile. C RETOG 8(t/c) 15:43, 9 May 2011 (UTC)
 * I know that symmetric and coordination games generalize to more than 2x2 (even though the coordination game article doesn't seem to give the general def ). There is is however substantial literature on the taxonomy of 2x2 games (see links above), which justifies an article. It is probably better to create 2x2 games than to cram the taxonomy at Coordination game as it's currently done. Tijfo098 (talk) 16:05, 9 May 2011 (UTC)

Monty Hall Problem
Progress on the article on Monty Hall Problem continues to be mired in fruitless debate: not on the question of whether you should switch or stay, but on the question whether the problem is a wonderful brain-teaser whose surprising solution can be understood by anyone, or whether it is a probability paradox which has to be solved using probability calculus and Bayes' theorem. There are indeed different literatures on the problem: popular; elementary probability; elementary game theoretic ... and hence readers with very different needs.

The reason I draw attention to the topic here is that just recently, A.V. Gnedin (in several preprints on arXiv.org) has discovered that the game theoretic notion of domination can be used to splendid effect, leading to a powerful argument for switching which does not need any probability input at all!

So 1) I hope that this will entertain all lovers of game theory on wikipedia, and 2) I hope it will motivate some people here to join in the editing of the article on Monty Hall problem. What that article badly needs, in my opinion, is fresh editors who have enough mathematical background that they can appreciate different solutions from different points of view and with talent for explaining mathematical ideas to ordinary people. Richard Gill (talk) 09:52, 11 June 2011 (UTC)

 * From a purely expositional point of view, I guess I must disappoint you. Neither the matrix form (as used in the article by Gnedin), nor the game tree form is particularly easy to understand for casual readers. Moreover, in analysing this as a game, one has to make assumptions about the utility of the game host, which, while interesting, further complicate the picture. I doubt that this will help anyone without a good knowledge of gametheory to understand the problem. --Xeeron (talk) 10:27, 16 June 2011 (UTC)

Shapley–Folkman lemma: FA copy-editing
Today mathematician Lloyd Shapley won the Nobel Prize in Economics (finally), and so Nobel Week would be a good time for a related featured-article.

The featured-article nomination for Shapley–Folkman lemma was stalled because of concerns about the professional-prose criterion. Help with copy-editing would be great.

In my dreams, I could imagine an animated illustration ... :)

Kiefer .Wolfowitz  17:26, 15 October 2012 (UTC)

Hobbesian trap
Hobbesian trap: help appreciated :) --Tobias1984 (talk) 10:27, 3 April 2013 (UTC)

Bankruptcy problem is up for deletion
Note that the Bankruptcy problem is up for deletion at Articles for deletion/Bankruptcy problem. Comments welcome. --Mark viking (talk) 20:31, 1 March 2014 (UTC)

Leaflet for Wikiproject Game Theory at Wikimania 2014
Hi all,

My name is Adi Khajuria and I am helping out with Wikimania 2014 in London.

One of our initiatives is to create leaflets to increase the discoverability of various wikimedia projects, and showcase the breadth of activity within wikimedia. Any kind of project can have a physical paper leaflet designed - for free - as a tool to help recruit new contributors. These leaflets will be printed at Wikimania 2014, and the designs can be re-used in the future at other events and locations.

This is particularly aimed at highlighting less discoverable but successful projects, e.g:

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Comment on the WikiProject X proposal
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WikiProject X is live!

Hello everyone!

You may have received a message from me earlier asking you to comment on my WikiProject X proposal. The good news is that WikiProject X is now live! In our first phase, we are focusing on research. At this time, we are looking for people to share their experiences with WikiProjects: good, bad, or neutral. We are also looking for WikiProjects that may be interested in trying out new tools and layouts that will make participating easier and projects easier to maintain. If you or your WikiProject are interested, check us out! Note that this is an opt-in program; no WikiProject will be required to change anything against its wishes. Please let me know if you have any questions. Thank you!

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Harej (talk) 16:57, 14 January 2015 (UTC)

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WikiJournal of Science promotion
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Since the reboot, the Portals WikiProject has been busy building tools and components to upgrade portals.

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Nucleolus
Why is nucleolus included in the list of articles to create? - Astrophobe (talk) 22:08, 12 September 2019 (UTC)

 * Nucleolus, the cell biology topic, is created. But nucleolus (game theory) has not. We do have Cooperative_game_theory. Expanding that section and then splitting out if it gets too big, may be the way to go. -- 22:34, 12 September 2019 (UTC)

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However, if your project has decided to "opt out" and follow a non-standard quality assessment approach, all you have to do is modify your wikiproject banner template to pass WPBannerMeta a new custom parameter. If this is done, changes to the general quality assessment will be ignored, and your project-level assessment will be displayed and used to create categories, as at present. Aymatth2 (talk) 14:03, 11 April 2023 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Game theory


text:
Euphrosyne Doukaina Kamatera

Euphrosyne Doukaina Kamaterina or better Kamatera (Εὐφροσύνη Δούκαινα Καματερίνα ἢ Καματηρά, c. 1155 – 1211) was a Byzantine Empress by marriage to the Byzantine Emperor Alexios III Angelos.

Euphrosyne was the daughter of Andronikos Kamateros, a high-ranking official who held the titles of megas droungarios and pansebastos and his wife, an unknown Kantakouzene. She was related to the Emperor Constantine X and Irene Doukaina, empress of Alexios I Komnenos. Both of her brothers had rebelled against Andronikos I Komnenos; one was imprisoned and the other was blinded.

Life
Euphrosyne married Alexios Angelos, the older brother of the future Emperor Isaac II Angelos in c. 1169 CE. Although Isaac II bestowed many titles and honors upon his brother, Alexios seized the throne on April 8, 1195, deposing Isaac and proclaiming himself emperor. In this he was assisted by Euphrosyne, who had organized a party of aristocratic supporters. Euphrosyne took control of the palace and quelled the opposition herself, securing the accession of her husband to the throne by wholesale bribery.

Euphrosyne was recognised as the true power behind the throne. Intelligent, determined, skilled in communication and organization, she had a talent for politics, and virtually ruled the Empire in the name of Alexios III, who had a reputation for being concerned primarily with pleasure and idle pursuits. She issued commands herself and even altered Alexios' decrees when it suited her, and secured the recall of the capable minister Constantine Mesopotamites.

Euphrosyne and Alexios were criticized for their love of finery and the enrichment of their relatives at state expense. Her own brother, Basil Kamateros, and her son-in-law, Andronikos Kontostephanos, possibly driven by anger at her apparent curtailing of overall familial power, accused Euphrosyne of adultery with one of her ministers, a nobleman named Vatatzes. Alexios III believed the allegations and had Vatatzes executed. Euphrosyne was stripped of her imperial robes and banished to a convent at Nematarea in October 1196. However, her relatives convinced Alexios to reinstate her, and she was recalled six months later in spring 1197.

In 1203, faced with the Fourth Crusade and the return of his nephew, Alexios IV Angelos, Alexios III fled Constantinople with a magnificent treasure and some female relatives, including his daughter Irene. Euphrosyne was left behind and was immediately imprisoned by the new regime. Alexios IV was soon strangled by Alexios Doukas Mourtzouphlos, the lover of Euphrosyne's daughter Eudokia, who then proclaimed himself emperor as Alexios V. In April 1204 Euphrosyne fled the city along with her daughter and Alexios V, and they made their way to Mosynopolis, where Euphrosyne's husband Alexios III had taken refuge. Alexios III had Alexios V blinded and abandoned to the crusaders, who had him executed.

Euphrosyne and Alexios III fled across Greece to Thessalonica and Corinth, but were finally captured by Boniface of Montferrat and imprisoned. In 1209 or 1210 they were ransomed by their cousin Michael I of Epirus, and Euphrosyne spent the remainder of her life in Arta. She died in 1210 or 1211.

Family
By her husband, Alexios III Angelos, Euphrosyne had three daughters:
 * 1) Eirene Angelina, who married (1) Andronikos Kontostephanos; (2) Alexios Palaiologos, by whom she was the grandmother of Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos.
 * 2) Anna Angelina, who married (1) the sebastokratōr Isaac Komnenos, great-nephew of Emperor Manuel I Komnenos; (2) Emperor Theodore I Laskaris of Nicaea.
 * 3) Eudokia Angelina, who married (1) King Stefan I Prvovenčani of Serbia; (2) Emperor Alexios V Doukas; (3) Leo Sgouros, ruler of Corinth.

title: Euphrosyne Doukaina Kamatera


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He's Your Dog, Charlie Brown

He's Your Dog, Charlie Brown is the fifth prime-time animated TV special based upon the comic strip Peanuts, by Charles M. Schulz. It was originally broadcast on the CBS network on February 14, 1968.

Plot
Snoopy's persistent mischief is angering the other kids in the neighborhood, and they all demand that Charlie Brown do something about it, as Snoopy is his dog. To appease them, Charlie Brown decides to send a reluctant Snoopy back to his birthplace, the Daisy Hill Puppy Farm, for obedience training. As it is a two-day trip, Charlie Brown calls Peppermint Patty and asks to let Snoopy stay there for one night en route; Peppermint Patty agrees, but a scheming Snoopy decides to stay on and has her waiting on him hand and foot, which confuses her.

A week later, the Puppy Farm calls Charlie Brown to inform him that Snoopy never arrived. Realizing Snoopy is still at Peppermint Patty's house, Charlie Brown goes over to her house with a leash to take Snoopy home, but the dog escapes and runs back. Peppermint Patty lets Snoopy stay, but instead of returning to the easy life he enjoyed before, she puts him to work doing menial chores, much to his dismay.

As the other children start to miss Snoopy, Charlie Brown tries again to bring him home, but Snoopy breaks the leash and sends Charlie Brown away. Devastated by Snoopy’s refusal to return home, Charlie Brown and the kids call out for him to come home. That night, while doing dishes, Snoopy, having had enough, becomes infuriated and starts breaking dishes, and Peppermint Patty puts him in the garage as punishment. While there, Snoopy realizes that he had a better life at home and starts to howl incessantly. When Peppermint Patty comes out to check on him, he knocks her down, dashes out the garage, gathers all his belongings from inside the house and runs back home to an overjoyed Charlie Brown, with whom he compromises on promising to behave if his master does not send him away. The next day, after taking Linus on a wild blanket ride and picking a fight with Lucy, the other children are also glad that Snoopy is back. Contented, Snoopy goes to nap on his dog house.

Cast

 * Peter Robbins as Charlie Brown
 * Bill Melendez as Snoopy
 * Sally Dryer as Lucy van Pelt (Dryer’s last performance as Lucy)
 * Chris Shea as Linus van Pelt (Shea’s last performance as Linus)
 * Gai DeFaria as Peppermint Patty (DeFaria’s last performance as Peppermint Patty)
 * Glenn Mendelson as Schroeder (Mendelson’s last performance as Schroeder)
 * Ann Altieri as Violet
 * Lisa DeFaria as Patty
 * Matthew Liftin as 5 (Liftin’s only performance as 5)

Roy appears but does not have a speaking role.

Credits

 * Created and Written by: Charles M. Schulz
 * Produced and Directed by: Bill Melendez
 * Executive Producer: Lee Mendelson
 * Original Score Composed and Performed by: Vince Guaraldi
 * Arranged and Conducted by: John Scott Trotter
 * Graphic Blandishment by: Ruth Kissane, Frank Smith, Dean Spille, Beverly Robbins, Bob Carlson, Ed Levitt, Frank Braxton, Bernard Gruver, Dick Thompson, Bill Littlejohn, Phil Roman, Bob Matz, Eleanor Warren, Faith Kovaleski, Manuel Perez, Jan Green, Alan Zaslove, Gwenn Dotzler
 * Editing: Robert T. Gillis
 * Assisted by: Steven Melendez
 * Sound by: Producers' Sound Service
 * Camera: Nick Vasu

Production notes
He's Your Dog, Charlie Brown was the last Peanuts special featuring the majority of the original voice cast from the first Peanuts special, A Charlie Brown Christmas. It was also the first special to credit Bill Melendez as the voice of Snoopy.

Both He's Your Dog, Charlie Brown and You're in Love, Charlie Brown were nominated for an Emmy award for Outstanding Achievement in Children's Programming in 1968.

Stock footage from It's the Great Pumpkin, Charlie Brown (1966) is used when Snoopy flies on his doghouse.

The ending segment where Snoopy and Lucy quarrel was inspired by a comic strip storyline that originally ran May 24–29, 1965. It was later adapted for The Charlie Brown and Snoopy Show (1983) episode "Snoopy: Man's Best Friend" and the French television series Peanuts (2014) episode "L'amour du risque".

Music score
The music score for  was composed by Vince Guaraldi (except where noted) and conducted and arranged by John Scott Trotter. The score was recorded by the Vince Guaraldi Quintet on January 11, 1968, at United Western Recorders, featuring John Gray (guitar), Frank Strozier (alto saxophone, flute), Ralph Peña (bass), and Colin Bailey (drums).

Retitled variations of several songs previously released on Jazz Impressions of A Boy Named Charlie Brown ("Pebble Beach," "Schroeder") were featured in .

 * 1) "Red Baron" (version 1)
 * 2) "Red Baron" (version 2)
 * 3) "" (version 1)
 * 4) "" (version 2)
 * 5) "Peppermint Patty" (version 1)
 * 6) "" (version 3)
 * 7) "Bon Voyage"
 * 8) "Peppermint Patty" (version 2)
 * "Oh, Good Grief" ( Vince Guaraldi, Lee Mendelson )
 * 1) "Happiness Theme"
 * 2) "Charlie Brown and His All-Stars"
 * 3) "Red Baron" (version 3)
 * 4) "Schroeder's Wolfgang" (variation of "Choro," from the Guaraldi/Bola Sete album From All Sides)
 * 5) "Red Baron" (version 4)
 * 6) "Housewife Theme" (flute variation of "Pebble Beach", version 1)
 * 7) "Beethoven Theme" (retitled version of "Schroeder")
 * 8) "Housewife Theme" (flute variation of "Pebble Beach", version 2)
 * 9) "Blue Charlie Brown" (slow version)
 * 10) "The Red Baron" (version 5, minor key)
 * 11) "" (version 4)
 * 12) "Linus and Lucy"
 * 13) "" (version 5, end credits)

No official soundtrack for  was commercially released. However, variations of "Peppermint Patty", "The Red Baron," "Oh, Good Grief," "Linus and Lucy," and the eponymous theme song (mistitled "It's Your Dog, Charlie Brown"), were released on the 1968 album Oh Good Grief!.

Home media
He's Your Dog, Charlie Brown was rebroadcast yearly on CBS between February 1969 and June 1972.

The special was first released on home media in 1982 on RCA's SelectaVision CED format, along with Be My Valentine, Charlie Brown, It's the Easter Beagle, Charlie Brown, and Life Is a Circus, Charlie Brown. It was later released on VHS in 1987 by Hi-Tops Video. Snoopy Double Feature Vol. 2, a VHS release containing He's Your Dog and It's Flashbeagle, Charlie Brown, was released on March 9, 1994 (it would later be re-issued in 1997 after Viacom bought Paramount). The first DVD release came on July 7, 2009, in remastered form as part of the DVD box set Peanuts 1960s Collection. A separate DVD of the special and Life Is a Circus, Charlie Brown was released on September 21, 2010.

title: He's Your Dog, Charlie Brown


text: User talk:69.0.96.21

title: User talk:69.0.96.21


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Knowledge ark

A knowledge ark (also known as a doomsday ark or doomsday vault) is a collection of knowledge preserved in such a way that future generations would have access to said knowledge if all other copies of it were lost.

Scenarios where access to information (such as the Internet) would become otherwise impossible could be described as existential risks or extinction-level events. A knowledge ark could take the form of a traditional library or a modern computer database. It could also be pictorial in nature, including photographs of important information, or diagrams of critical processes.

A knowledge ark would have to be resistant to the effects of natural or man-made disasters in order to be viable. Such an ark should include, but would not be limited to, information or material relevant to the survival and prosperity of human civilization.

Other types of knowledge arks might include genetic material, such as in a DNA bank. With the potential for widespread personal DNA sequencing becoming a reality, an individual might agree to store their genetic code in a digital or analog storage format which would enable later retrieval of that code. If a species was sequenced before extinction, its genome would still remain available for study.

Examples
An example of a DNA bank is the Svalbard Global Seed Vault, a seedbank which is intended to preserve a wide variety of plant seeds (such as important crops) in case of their extinction.

The Memory of Mankind project involves engraving human knowledge on clay tablets and storing it in a salt mine. The engravings are microscopic.

A Lunar ark has been proposed which would store and transmit valuable information to receiver stations on Earth. The success of this would also depend on the availability of compatible receiver equipment on Earth, and adequate knowledge of that equipment's operation.

The Arch Mission Foundation sent the Lunar Library, a 30 million page knowledge ark designed to survive for millions or billions of years in space, to the moon on the Israeli Beresheet spacecraft in 2019. The spacecraft experienced a crash landing. However, the library likely survived intact.

The Phoenix Mars lander, which landed on surface of Mars in 2008, included the "Visions of Mars" DVD, a digital library about Mars designed to last for hundreds or thousands of years.

On February 22, 2024, the Arch Mission successfully landed a Lunar Library on the Moon, on the Intuitive Machines IM-1 mission's Odysseus lander.

In popular culture

 * In 2020 science fiction book Ready Player Two, a spaceship named Vonnegut was launched to Proxima Centauri which also functions as a knowledge ark since it contains backups of humanity’s cultural materials, such as a standalone copy of the virtual universe OASIS which they call ARC@DIA.

title: Knowledge ark


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Theatricum Botanicum

The Will Geer Theatricum Botanicum, named for the English botanist John Parkinson's herbal, Theatrum Botanicum (1640), is an open-air theater founded in Topanga Canyon, near The Getty Villa by Will Geer in 1973.

In the 1950s, Geer was blacklisted for refusing to testify before the House Committee on Un-American Activities. He had to sell his large Santa Monica home and move his family to a small plot in the canyon where they could grow their own produce. Geer's friend Woody Guthrie had a small shack on the property. They unintentionally founded what became an artists' colony. Since its founding in 1973, the Geer family has continued to operate the Will Geer Theatricum Botanicum.

Geer's former wife, Herta Ware, helped develop the outdoor summer theatre and continued to appear in plays there after her husband's death in 1978. The company features Shakespeare, as well as modern and contemporary authors. The theater, set in the natural amphitheater of a mountain canyon, is also used for occasional concerts.

Will Geer combined his acting and botanical careers at the Theatricum, by making sure that every plant mentioned in Shakespeare was grown there. Geer's ashes are at the site along with a bust in his likeness. Ware's ashes are there, as well.

History
The beginnings of the Theatricum Botanicum stretch back to the early 1950s when Will Geer, one of the many actors victimized by the McCarthy era blacklisting, opened a theatre for blacklisted actors and folk singers on his Topanga property. He also cultivated a large garden and, unable to find work in Hollywood, Geer and his family earned a living by selling vegetables, fruit, herbs, and theatre.

With the advent of television's The Waltons and subsequent popularity of his portrayal of Grandpa, in 1973 Geer re-gathered his family (who were now working actors at theatres across the country) and together they formed a non-profit corporation, The Will Geer Theatricum Botanicum. Audiences flocked to free workshop performances of Shakespeare, folk plays, and concerts featuring such well-known artists as Pete Seeger, Arlo Guthrie, Della Reese, and Burl Ives, among others.

At Geer's death in 1978, the family and a small band of players decided to work towards becoming a professional repertory theatre, incorporating educational programs and musical events. The local community and surrounding environs encouraged the theatre's artistic goals and proved their support by donating the labor and materials to begin a campaign which would expand and improve the theatre's facilities.

When the Santa Monica Pier blew down in a storm in 1983, salvaged wooden planks were used to build the main stage. 1983 also marked the first year of realizing the Theatricum's goal of providing its principal performers with an Equity contract; today the 299-seat outdoor amphitheatre is one of the few mid-size union houses in the L.A. area, receiving critical praise and numerous awards including the prestigious Margaret Harford Award for Sustained Excellence from the Los Angeles Drama Critics Circle, and the LA Weekly Career Achievement Award for Artistic Director Ellen Geer.

From 1987 to the present, eight original plays have been included in the theatre's annual Repertory of Classics which revolves around at least one Shakespeare play. Peter Alsop's Kid's Koncerts have become a regular addition to the Repertory Season, along with Theatre for Kids by Creative PlayGround, and each spring and fall the theatre is home to a range of concerts, including numerous benefits.

In past years, the Theatricum has included special entertainment in its seasons such as American Stories, a concert performance series for families, students and educators; Outdoor Cabaret for intimate evenings of words and music under the stars; the Woody Guthrie Show, the popular tribute developed and once performed by Will Geer after Guthrie's death; and pre-show discussions in a Prologue Series.

Renovation of the Theatricum's scenic mainstage amphitheatre was completed in 1997, an architectural re-design and overhaul which maintains the natural aesthetics the theatre has become known for, while enhancing the venue's comfort and accessibility. The renovation was made possible by the generous assistance of the Irvine Foundation, Weingart Foundation, and the Ralph M. Parsons Foundation.

title: Theatricum Botanicum