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Wikipedia talk:Reference desk/Archive 3

Removal of Old Q&A
I hadn't seen the above talk, thought that the policy was to archive removed questions & answers, and created Reference Desk archive January 2004-2. But since it is felt that a deletion log is enough, I've created an entry in Reference_desk_archive about the last major deletion. All deletions could be similarly logged in that page instead of archiving all the questions & answers. -- Paddu 19:58, 20 Mar 2004 (UTC)

IMHO a message must be added to the page asking those who are removing old questions & answers to note it in the deletion log at Reference_desk_archive (probably it could be moved to Reference_desk_deletion_log, or a separate page created for the log). -- Paddu 20:04, 20 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * Someone has again archived some questions & answers at Reference Desk archive March 2004. IMHO we should have a single policy to be followed while cleaning old stuff from the Reference desk. Either archive all deletions (of old stuff), or note the deletions in a Changelog, or do nothing about any such deletions. As of now each deletion has been treated differently. -- Paddu 12:56, 13 Apr 2004 (UTC)

One line non-questions
Several people have asked why we appear to get quite a few, one liner, title only, none questions on the Reference desk. My guess is that it must imply there is something less than perfect with the instructions at the head of the Reference desk, or on the question editing page. I imagine most of the questions come from users who have never editted on Wikipedia before. If you click on the 'Add a new question by clicking here' link, you go to a standard page editing box. Not only can you no longer see the instructions on the Reference desk page, the form labeling is confusing.

I don't know whether it would be feasible to change the wording just for editing the reference desk. If it were I would suggest
 * Title -> 'Adding a new question'
 * Subject/headline -> 'Give your question a short title here'
 * Above the main text box -> 'Ask your question here. When you are finnished click the show preview button, and if you are happy with how your question looks, click the submit question button'
 * Save page button -> 'Submit question'
 * At the bottom -> any other instructions ... you can use wiki markup like link .... etc.

-- Solipsist 17:37, 9 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * I agree that the labeling is completely opaque. I might skip instructions about "show preview" to make it really simple, e.g., "Ask your question here; click Submit Question when you are done."  However, it looks like many of these headings are of the form that people would use when doing a site search, so it might behoove us to make it clear that this is not an automated search but rather a question for actual people to respond to.  e.g., "Ask your question here. This is not a search; it is a question that actual people will read and respond to.  Click Submit Question when you are done."  Elf | Talk 19:08, 10 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Yeah, I've been making light of the way questions are submitted and it seems that people are assuming they can only ask the question in the title bit and they may be assuming the larger edit box is for people's answers ;o) So, it would be nice if some more guidance could be given -- bodnotbod  »  .....TALK Q uietly )  16:16, Aug 11, 2004 (UTC)

 * How about having the 4 tildes automatically placed in lower right corner of the text box ... the poster can remove if adding to earlier text by same person. This would help a lot with newbies who not know about that AlMac|(talk) 01:16, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

Could we use an inputbox? That way the instructions remain visible, and we can control the default text. Bovlb 05:57:06, 2005-07-22 (UTC)

You will always get dodgy non-questions/headings-only because sometimes people just don't feel like reading instructions. --Ballchef 14:46, 16 August 2005 (UTC)

Time for cleanup
The TOC is now one page long :(. 'd do it myself, but it's like 1 AM here...and I'm off to bed. 'll do it tomorrow if nobody has yet. like not using the word 'I' :D —  Ilγαηερ  (Tαlκ)  06:02, 16 Aug 2004

 * It's better than VfD! Seriously, though, all the entries on the page are less than a month old.  Turnaround time seems to be up to three weeks in some cases.  What should the policy be?  Should questions be removed two weeks after the last reply?  --Eequor 12:10, 16 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Sounds good to me... —  Ilγαηερ  (Tαlκ)  15:26, 16 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Instruction bloat
The current count is one italicised section at the top; nine bulleted guidelines for questioners; three for responders; and four more pointers to other places. There's a lot of bold text about. These guidelines, on the other hand, are not being followed - presumably because people aren't reading them. For example, there have been lots of unclear subject-only questions, some all-caps, and from the lack of followups I imagine that plenty of questioners are expecting emailed replies.

I think that the instructions need to be rewritten and shortened to make them easier for people to follow. My suggestion is to replace the bulleted lists with "How to ask a question" and "How to answer a question", featuring example screenshots (say one each, showing filled-in edit boxes). Stuff like the child-safe warning can be split off into a different section, as it applies to everyone. I think that having example edit boxes to look at will help people understand what the process actually is.

Quick sketch: (not a fully-formed proposal)
 * How to ask a question
 * (Image of the perfect question being composed.)
 * [Follow this link to ask a question.] Write your question in the large box, and give it a brief, descriptive title. When you press "Save page" the question will appear at the bottom of this page. Other readers will try to answer it by adding to this page - you will not receive replies by email.

 * How to answer a question
 * (Image of the perfect answer to the perfect question.)
 * If you can help answer a question, select the "edit" link to the right of the question title. Add your answer to the text already there, and press "Save page" to make your reply appear.

 * Useful tips
 * You can sign your posts by writing ~ in the edit box, but you need to [get an account] if you want to appear as a name, not a number.
 * Please link to any relevant Wikipedia articles. You can do this by putting and  around the article title in your message.
 * Remember that readers of all ages visit this page.

Comments welcome, as always. --AlexG 21:31, 11 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Three cheers! Instruction creep is a terrible thing, and this page's instructions definitely need a haircut. Let's use Template talk:RD header to work on the new slim-and-trim version? • Benc • 21:51, 11 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * This discussion continues at Template_talk:RD header. AlexG 19:05, 12 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Hee. The complaint used to be that there weren't enough instructions, or that they were unclear somehow. It's only been one month since I created Template:RD header! The instructions aren't creeping, really; nobody's touched them in weeks, and I have nothing more to add to them.

Should the last two guidelines for questioners be removed? Users seem to mostly ignore the request against all-caps, and the other may just be wishful thinking. --η [ υωρ] 00:20, 13 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Automatic archiving using templates for discussions?
This is a question aimed at RD maintainers.

User:Kate has recently implemented some code that allows the [edit] links to work for subsections of included templates. See this discussion of VfD talk for a full explanation of how this feature works on VfD. This feature has other applications, too. It's already in use at Village pump, and I've used it here for the "Squirrelled" discussion. The actual discussion resides at Talk:List of the longest English words with one syllable/Squirrelled, but it's included (and editable via the [edit] link) here on WP:RD. In a nutshell (heh): this new feature allows for a more seamless integration of subpages into other pages.

My question is this: is what I did for the "Squirrelled" discussion acceptable to apply to some of the other questions? I was think that this could make archiving answered questions a lot easier, since they'd already be part of the relevant article talk page. All maintainers have to do is remove the from RD.

WikiJanitors like myself could summarily move discussions (even if they were in progress; this is a background change) to article talk subpages. This would only be done for questions that are relevant to a particular article and can't be answered with a simple "go read our article on X".

This would result in far fewer edits to the RD itself, and as an added bonus, the answered question would be listed on the relevant article's talk page, resulting in more input from knowledgeable editors with the article on their watchlists. New users would, of course, be encouraged to post new questions using the standard old way. Finding a relevant talk page and moving the discussion is a job for WikiJanitors or experienced question askers.

Good idea? Bad idea? • Benc • 06:18, 25 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Kate's tremendous feature has been used cunningly on VP; couldn't we do something like that? We make RD redirect to reference desk October 2004, and Transclude in Reference desk September etc. When the month ends, the transclusions are moved to a new page (reference desk November 2004), dropping the last one adding the latest month. Does this work in practice? ✏ Sverdrup 17:40, 25 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Quick demo at User:Sverdrup/Reference desk, October 2004 ✏ Sverdrup 17:46, 25 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * I had envisioned transcluding individual questions from article talk subpages onto the RD. What you said could work too, though. • Benc • 19:36, 25 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Medical Questions
I notice that every week or so we get a question regarding some sort of medical condition or something of that nature. Most Wikipedians are usually pretty good about telling the askers to seek the advice of a doctor before taking any advice that they may be given here, but it always makes me nervous to see questions like that. I don't like the idea of turning away people with genuine questions, but I also don't like the idea of people getting medical advice here. Any suggestions, or am I being overly paranoid? --Cvaneg 00:13, 19 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Every page has a link to General disclaimer, which itself links to Medical disclaimer. -- ALoan (Talk) 11:31, 19 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Cvaneg, I can't respond to your query as to whether you are paranoid without giving you medical advice. alteripse 13:12, 19 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Ah, I had missed that. Thank you. Alteripse, now that I have read the disclaimer, feel free to diagnose and treat me to your heart's content. --Cvaneg 17:32, 19 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Summarized disclaimer for this discussion: Wikipedia makes no guarantee to the accuracy of our diagnosis of your paranoia. The content of our advice may include profanity, objectionable images, and misleading info, or may cause post-tramatic stress disorder.  Take our advice at your own risk: it may serve to only increase your paranoia.  However, we can not be held responsible for your said paranoia because we are not legally bound to give you good advice.  Nor are we able to convey this legality of our advice because we are not licensed legal professionals.
 * :) Mike 01:08, Nov 20, 2004 (UTC)

Basically, advice here is worth what we charge for it. After you, doctor. alteripse 01:50, 20 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Is this a serious discussion, or can we move this to BJAODN? :) --HappyCamper 14:29, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Why the Duplication?
How did this page wind up with the contents repeated multiple times so that there are nominally 700 questions? Have I come across someone archiving it? PedanticallySpeaking 21:06, Mar 14, 2005 (UTC)

 * I think this has to do with browser glitches and the submission not going through the first time. It happens periodically and it's a royal pain to fix. -Aranel (" Sarah ") 22:37, 14 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * This seems to be a bug in the Mediawiki software. ‣ᓛᖁ  [[Image:Venus symbol (blue).gif|♀]] [ ᑐ ] 18:20, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Problem
This page experiences a lot of edits. Which means that if someone posted a question they may easily miss the answer.

Example: David asks how to handle a sling. Solomon replies, but then Rehoboam asks a new question about taxation. Now David's watchlist doesn't show Solomon's reply.

Solution 1: Replace text with link to subpage
I would therefore propose that we keep this page as an overview only. When David clicks on the link to enter his question, it will
 * 1) create a new subpage Reference_desk/how_to_use_a_sling for his question
 * 2) insert a link to that subpage at the bottom of the main page (maybe with David's name and date)
 * 3) add the subpage to David's watchlist (and tell him about it, if this isn't his default setting)

Advantages

 * David is made aware of Solomon's reply
 * the page itself will be much smaller, which itself has several advantages:
 * It is easier to navigate
 * We won't have to archive so often
 * the location of the question itself doesn't change — people will always be able to find their questions.
 * it would allow sorting the Reference_desk page by topic;
 * it would allow defining categories for questions (if that works for subpages), so that other users interested in a topic are more likely to find the question. (We could even add a dropdown for categories in the question dialog so David could select a category already.)

Comments
Please let me know what you think. — Sebastian (talk) 05:21, 2005 May 10 (UTC)
 * An excellent idea for all the reasons that Sebastian gives. In fact, I can see no significant down side. --Theo (Talk) 13:23, 10 May 2005 (UTC)
 * I think such minute subpaging will create an extreme amount of housekeeping work for at best limited results. Remember that
 * many Reference desk questions are submitted by anons who we cannot assume have any idea how to format their text,
 * many questions receive only one or two replies,
 * creating subpages and listing them is more work even for those knowledgeable about how to do it, and
 * an interested user would have to subpage every question; the actual reference desk page would then contain almost no activity, making it more difficult for users to observe replies outside of pages they go to the trouble to watch. 119 16:15, 10 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I don't like the idea, either - it would greatly reduce the scannability of the WP:RD page. I suspect most people answer alot of queries by looking quickly over the page, and finding questions that have not recieved a great many answers, etc. With subpages, it would be harder to assess the state of what needs to be done. The best solution to this problem is to allow users to put sections, not articles on watchlists, or to use some sort of template based embedding scheme.--Fangz 16:28, 10 May 2005 (UTC)

Reply to Fangz
 * allow users to put sections [...] on watchlists : This is a good idea - see "Solution 4" below.
 * template based embedding scheme : Another good idea - see "Solution 2" below.
 * it would greatly reduce the scannability of the WP:RD page : Granted. It is desirable that some people perform the scanning you describe. We could fix this elegantly by combining (my) Solution 1 and (your) Solution 2 – into Solution 3 (below).

AlMac|(talk) question, regarding With subpages, it would be harder to assess the state of what needs to be done, can a sub-page be coded so that on the main page there is one line of statistics: Date of original post, date of last edit (if different), number of edits overall, number of people who have edited there. This way, someone scanning the main page would see those with only one person and one date, and how long ago that question has gone with no response. Perhaps there could then be a sort based on those with lowest response. AlMac|(talk) 01:08, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

Reply to 119 Sebastian (talk) 03:48, 2005 May 14 (UTC)
 * many Reference desk questions are submitted by anons who we cannot assume have any idea how to format their text : I don't see how this relates to the proposed solution.
 *  many questions receive only one or two replies,  : I assume you want to point out that this will create some short pages. What's the problem with that?
 * creating subpages and listing them is [a lot of] work. : No, it isn't. As proposed, this would be automatic — for the user it remains a simple click on a button.
 * an interested user would have to subpage every question : Not sure what you mean by "to subpage".
 * the actual reference desk page would [...] contain almost no activity : It would contain less activity, which is good. But "almost no" is a gross exaggeration. On average we have 15 questions and 21 replies per day (see below). Every question will create activity on the reference desk page. Even if we assume that none of the replies edits the reference desk page the activity will drop from 36 to 15 per day. Certainly not "almost no activity".
 * [less activity on the reference desk page] mak[es] it more difficult for users to observe replies outside of pages they go to the trouble to watch  : I don't know about you, but information overkill is way more trouble for me than clicking "watch" on an article i'm interested in. The proposed solution allows you to choose exactly the information you desire. But to make it easier, we can add a special link next to each entry to add it to the watchlist (as I've done on Templates for deletion).

Solution 2: template based embedding scheme
(Proposed by Fangz, who is encouraged to edit it)

This is a great idea. For advanced users it even can be implemented without any programmatic change. I am trying it out on Templates for deletion/history (I hope people there know how to deal with templates ;-) — Sebastian (talk) 03:48, 2005 May 14 (UTC)

Solution 3: Combine Solution 1 and 2
(Proposed by SebastianHelm; anyone is encouraged to edit it)

Users can choose "skins". The concise skin will show only the links to questions and maybe a reply count, as proposed in Solution 1. The verbose skin, will display the whole text, as in Solution 2.

Are "skins" supposed to be understandable to newbies, who may be here in greater numbers than old hands. AlMac|(talk) 01:02, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

Solution 4: allow users to put sections on watchlists
(Proposed by Fangz, who is encouraged to edit it)

Benefit:
 * It could also be applied to other pages, such as long talk pages or the vandalism page.

 * People would then need option of putting 100% of an article, its talk page, main sections, on a watch list, or individual sections. Then someone might want all the primary links, or just some of them, that way.  AlMac|(talk) 01:00, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

Appendix: Statistics
This page currently has 107 questions, added in 14 days. This is 15 questions/day. From May 4 (at about this time of day) till May 10 it experienced 215 edits. If we assume all were full contributions (whole questions or whole replies) then we have 36 contributions / day or 1.4 replies / question. This seems a bit low; maybe i made an error. But i don't think it is much above 2.

Page has been doubled
The content on the page has been doubled. I don't have time to look through it all to find out when it happened, but it was a while ago apparently. CryptoDerk 21:47, May 27, 2005 (UTC)

 * Is there a recommended way for fixing page duplications? --HappyCamper 17:07, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

 * There isn't a simple way afaik, what I do is either
 * revert to the last good version then add in anythign from the last doubled version that isn't in the version reverted to (using diffs and making use of tabbed browsing to have more than one copy of the article open.
 * delete the duplicated sections. Normally on pages like this any subsequent edits will have been made to the section nearest the bottom of the page so I tend to delete the one(s) nearest the top.
 * both methods are labour intensive and there is a high chance of mistakes being made and contributions missed. Thryduulf 17:15, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I tried the first method today (see the history), and I found it to be rather difficult. I was hoping for a better method, but I guess it would suffice! Maybe more practising would be better. I might try writing a little Perl script just to weed out duplications. --HappyCamper 18:38, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Better yet, help code up a Mediawiki solution. The problem arises when a new section is created by one editor and another editor edits the old version and saves the edit. I don't know if there is a good solution, but that's part of why I'm not a developer. - Taxman Talk 19:21, July 20, 2005 (UTC)

 * Beware of Unicode problems. Whenever I have tried to use technology to assist in removing duplicate sections, I usually end up corrupting non-ASCII characters, and going back to doing it by hand. Bovlb 19:20:56, 2005-07-20 (UTC)

 * Is the code for MediaWiki in the public domain? Where can you go to read the code in MediaWiki? --HappyCamper 21:48, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

 * You didn't know the code that Wikipedia runs is GPL'd? Anyway, follow the link grasshoppa. - Taxman Talk 22:34, July 20, 2005 (UTC)

 * It's GPL-licensed. The stable version is here. There are instructions for obtaining the development version here. The developers seem to hang out here. —Ghakko 22:32, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

Technical Computing Questions
I've noticed there has been an increase recently in the number of questions basicly 'how do I do this on my computer'. Do we think these are appropriate? DJ Clayworth 13:54, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm new to it, but I think they are. If that's what people need information on, and there are people willing to answer them, then why not? I guess if it got out of hand we may want a Computer reference desk to separate them from others, but it doesn't seem too bad yet! !!!!

Create different "reference desks" for every topic
I don't know if this had been suggested before, but an anonymous user has posted this idea into the Village Pump:

Speaking of reference, I think there should be more "reference desks", each one for a different topic. That way we would create division of labor, and the answers of the "reference desks" would get answered more easily. 2004-12-29T22:45Z July 9, 2005 17:51 (UTC)

I found this idea great because dividing the reference desk by topic has a lot of advantages:
 * It directs the user who wants to offer help to his area of expertise
 * It decreases the page size and diminish the load time
 * It let questions to be kept a longer time displayed and thus it gets more answers

I'm open for suggestions.500LL 12:51, July 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * people can't manage to put their requests into the reference desk to begin with. Do you expect people to correctly categorize their question? I find this unlikely. This link is Broken 12:56, 10 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Indeed. WP:HD and WP:RD aren't clearly distinguished now, much less RD #1 through #5 (or whatever). It'd just lead to confusion. As it stands, scanning all new questions is fairly trivial, there's rarely that many of them... Shimgray 13:28, 10 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I think this would actually mostly just be a hassle for people that cruise RD to help. ¦ Reisio 13:39, 2005 July 10 (UTC)

I agree with 2004 and 500, it would also make it much easier for people on dial-up. — Jeandré, 13:46, 10 July 2005 (UTC)

 * What qualifies as a "topic" (as in, "for every topic")? -- Essjay ·  Talk 14:03, July 10, 2005 (UTC)

I like reading the variety of questions and answers and I answer questions in lots of categories. The ref desk is better than the random article function as a way to waste time, and if we can't get people to understand the difference between the Help dek and the Ref desk, few of them will categorize their own questions. These are off the top of my head, so as we divide up the questions we might modify the list. My major message: please keep the new, active questions together at a single Ref desk. Thanks. alteripse 14:31, 10 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) What might be worth doing is sorting them into "current ref desk questions" by topic a week after answers stop (or after 2 weeks of no answer), and then archiving in those categories as the 40k limit is exceeded in each category. #The person to do the initial categorization and move could be one of the answering editors for each question. In other words, if you answer a question, and the discussion stops for a week, you should move the whole thing to a category article, like Recent medical/psychology/body questions. It would make searching for past questions easier and would reduce the size of the current page.
 * 2) Those of us who ordinarily do janitorial and organizational tasks could occasionally archive the category articles as they exceeded some limit. The archive would be Past medical/psychology/body questions.
 * 3) As for what qualifies as a topic, I would keep it to no more than 10 large categories. Maybe
 * Recent questions on current events and politics
 * Recent questions on history and genealogy
 * Recent questions on current and recent popular culture
 * Recent questions on art, literature, humanities, English language
 * Recent questions on medicine, psychology, body function
 * Recent questions on biology, natural science, math, statistics
 * Recent questions on law and crime
 * Recent questions on computers, electronic equipment, technical how-to, engineering
 * Recent questions on music
 * Recent questions on translations and questions involving other languagess
 * Recent questions miscellaneous topics

 * I could see the point of having archives if people actually took the time to look through them before asking their questions, but experience of on-line help forums is that people rarely take the time to find out if their question has been answered, even if the site has an easy way of searching through past questions. I think people would be even less likely to search through the archives if it meant going by hand through ten or twelve pages or archives. Unless we were to develop a dedicated search button for the reference desk (which isn't a bad idea), I'm not sure what the point of the categorization and archives would be. — Asbestos | Talk 16:30, 10 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Point of having archives. I have searched old archived questions for 3 reasons. First, some of the questions are repetitive, and we can dig out and paste a past answer. Second, some of the questions suggest we need an article and I have on one or two occasions written an article based on ref desk question and answer (e.g., look at my answer to the question today about assessing the hypothalamus-- is that the kernel of an article?). Third, sometimes people post useful links that I didn't save and later when I need it I have a vague memory of the question. For all three purposes it would be easier to search archives by topic than by date. As long as the system is kept simple, like I suggested above, it would me easy to maintain and use. Believe me, I have no illusion that our question posters would ever search an archive for an answer, but I think I may not be the only editor who ever looked back to find an answer again. alteripse 16:37, 10 July 2005 (UTC)

Won't work worth a damn. People will post their questions in random locations just as they always do. -- Cyrius|✎ 00:17, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

Why bother to post if you don't bother to read? All of us agree with you and have each said the same thing. I was proposing that the answerers (us) move them to a category article a few days after the questions have been answered and discussed. alteripse 00:25, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm just reiterating the point. As far as sorting the answers, ideally they should be made part of relevant articles, no? -- Cyrius|✎ 05:04, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I was thinking about how I would go about looking for a past question, and I think it would be easier to look for it in a general topical file of questions than wondering what article it went to. More importantly, filing in articles would be a whole lotta more work than just deciding between a the ten or so bins above. That's the gap between ideally and really.  alteripse 11:15, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

Instant problem: I've just asked a question about Monopoly (as in the boardgame), where's that gonna go? Maybe add a "misc" or "other" to that list? Other than that, by-subject instead of by-date archiving sounds very good. Plus makes old answers much easier to find. GarrettTalk 07:30, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I would immediately think popular culture for Monopoly, but you are right, some questions would need a misc. alteripse 11:10, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I think its better to have one page. It saves our users the trouble of figuring out which category their question goes into and the possibility it will be overlooked if sent to the wrong section.  And I prefer one page that everyone looks at and taps everyone's expertise.  It's like with scientific journals.  A geologist will take a number of specialized works, say the Journal of Clay Mineralogy, but he and scientists everywhere will look at Science and Nature.  The RD should be Science, aiming for everyone, not Clay Mineralogy.  PedanticallySpeaking 17:04, July 13, 2005 (UTC)

I think the sub-desks suggestion makes sense. Perhaps we could even put them on the main village pump page, like so:

—Ghakko 09:14, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

Alternative: Move each question in its subpage
Basically, this works already in WP:CfD (with days as units). Since these question are often by new users, it would have to be easier to use, so I'm thinking of one functionality change: When the user clicks on "Ask a new question by clicking here", it creates the subpage automatically and inserts a transclusion into WP:CfD. Then we can go from there: Link or transclude at our hearts content from or into other topical pages. The burden of sorting would shift from first time users to those of us who don't mind a bit of categorization. — Sebastian (talk) 05:54, July 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * I have mixed feelings on this ... I know when I go to an off-line public library, the sections are clearly marked, so that I can navigate myself to where the reference materials are relevant to what I am interested in. But I also have been involved in Computer "Help Desk."  A person with a problem often does not have the right terminology to describe the symptoms of what the problem is.  Further, they have a partial theory what is going on, which could be totally off base, but they often couch their call for help, within the context of their theory of what is going on.
 * Using sub-pages which are linked to the main reference page might accomplish several goals:

 * Those topics that get excellent responses, are now in a form that could be moved to a new stub article.
 * When the sub-page is started, the editor setup with the watch this topic box checked, to help whoever posted the question find it again after many others have been added to the collection.
 * People who look at the table of contents can still see all the sub-page topics that are out there, and connect to those that interest them, but this might be more cumbersome, and thus less get answered quickly. AlMac|(talk) 00:51, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * There's one obvious problem here. VfD and the like tend to, by their nature, have unique titles - articles which go up for VfD tend to only do so once. However, a lot of RD and HD queries tend to have repeated titles - at the moment, for example, we have thirteen or so one-word topic titles. A lot of these are liable to be repeated - "Reference", for example, or "Quote". This sounds like it might well cause problems... Shimgray 00:58, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

Rate of question growth on Reference Desk increasing...
I have been doing most of the archiving of the reference desk during the last month. The heuristic I was using was as follows:

 * 1) Archive threads that are about 6 days old since the last response;
 * 2) Archive threads which have not been answered for "a long time" near the top;
 * 3) Archive whenever the reference desk exceeds 100 questions;

This heuristic seems a bit inadequate for the rate at which the questions are being asked. It has steadily increased over time, and I think sooner or later questions will need to be archived much earlier just to keep the page smaller and more organized. Does anyone have a better heuristic to use? --HappyCamper 08:10, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Perhaps it's a good idea to suggest in the "How to ask a question" section that people who check back leave a little note if their question is answered to their satisfaction. Then the discussion can be archived quickly, after keeping it 2 days or so for others who might be interested. I don't know if such a suggestion would have any effect, but it could be worth a try. David Sneek 17:17, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

Reference desk archiving
Why not try this?

 * 1) Archive the questions just like we've been doing.
 * 2) Supplementary to this, simply make another set of archives based on the existing archives which have questions sorted by topic?

These next set of archives can be updated whenever a Wikipedian comes along and feels like "question sorting", much like "stub sorting" I suppose.

I think one good page to make is an "identify this XYZ" page. Such queries come on the reference desk every now and then, and make it quite interesting. It would be worthwhile to collect all of these requests together and archive them I think. --HappyCamper 08:17, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

Categories and interwiki links
I moved all categories and interwiki links (now in Unicode) to Template:RD header in the hope people will be less likely to duplicate this section by mistake in the future. Is it OK? Will it cause any confusion to the software? -- Toytoy 10:06, July 12, 2005 (UTC)

Splitting the reference desk into departments
What do people think of this? As it turns out, it's quite difficult for those of us who have expertise in a particular area to see relevant questions that we might be able to answer. - Ta bu shi da yu 04:17, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Dunno..I just browse around and like the VP it's hard to keep track of 5 or more different pages at once on the same topic. But it does need major splitting and removal of old [answered] topics. — Ilγαηερ   (Tαlκ) '' 05:30, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Aren't we already discussing this like four headings up? -- Cyrius|✎ 05:42, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I think its better to have one page. It saves our users the trouble of figuring out which category their question goes into and the possibility it will be overlooked if sent to the wrong section.  And I prefer one page that everyone looks at and taps everyone's expertise.  It's like with scientific journals.  A geologist will take a number of specialized works, say the Journal of Clay Mineralogy, but he and scientists everywhere will look at Science and Nature.  The RD should be Science, aiming for everyone, not Clay Mineralogy.  PedanticallySpeaking 17:04, July 13, 2005 (UTC)

 * Let's keep it on one page. You never really know who's going to have an answer to some random very specific query anyway.--Pharos 18:28, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

 * It works. Don't fix it. --jpgordon∇∆∇∆ 18:33, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

 * "it's quite difficult for those of us who have expertise in a particular area to see relevant questions that we might be able to answer" - Yes, looking at the TOC can be really difficult. Seriously, most questions here can be answered just by someone with access to Wikipedia's search or Google's (and often just someone that completed the 5th grade); multiple sections would mean more work for both the askers and the answerers. ¦ Reisio 11:55, 2005 July 27 (UTC)

We've discussed this issue above. But why everybody is having a problem with it? Isn't every forum on the net divided into topics? Cedar-Guardian 06:32, July 27, 2005 (UTC)

 * Your first question is basically what Ta bu has asked, but in response to your second - Every forum on the net is not Wikipedia:Reference_desk. ¦ Reisio 11:55, 2005 July 27 (UTC)

29th July archival
As far as I could tell, the threads which were archived were inactive; please feel free to restore them back to the reference desk if necessary. (About 100 questions were removed!) --HappyCamper 01:33, 30 July 2005 (UTC)

Questions in ALL CAPS
Could we add a note that you should not ask your question in ALL CAPS? In all my life, I have not understood what makes people write in ALL CAPS. As it takes more effort than writing in all lowercase (and possibly a bit more effort than writing in mixed case), it must be a conscious decision. "Hey, I'm going to ignore lowercase letters altogether, even though every single language written with the Latin alphabet not only allows, but recommends their use!" Is this a throwback to days before the 1960s, when all people had were telegraphs? Or a misguided way of sounding more "urgent" or "important"? — J I P | Talk 06:03, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

 * The friendly reminder is already at the top of the page. I usually just change all the caps to lowercase myself when I feel like it. Sometimes, it's just simpler for people to place their question at the bottom by editing the last question (say after pressing Ctrl-End) without reading the header. --HappyCamper 06:41, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Also, I have found that some computer users tend to use all caps because it avoids having to think about capitalization. Not everybody's first language is English. --HappyCamper 06:43, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Granted, not everyone's first language is English but then why wouldn't they just put everything in lower case? Dismas 07:29, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Because it would be impossible to spell the name of the Deity correctly? =)   — J I P | Talk 07:30, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

 * IMHO, on the Internet, writing all-lower-case makes you look sleek and wannabe-postmodern, while writing ALLCAPS makes you look like a lumberjack or a 12-year-old. I prefer all-lower-case when lazy, but of course if you want to make a good impression, especially an encyclopedic impression, it is of course recommendable to use coRRECt capitalization. However, I am grateful already if ppl forgo the plz, u, r, 4 etc. AOLese.... dab (ᛏ) 07:37, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

 * IMHO, using all lowercase (especially with cutesy abbreviations) makes you look like a spotty-faced 12-year-old who can spend hours arguing about the statistics of an obscure RPG character. Using ALL CAPS, OTOH, makes you look like a corporate worker who thinks that the more your message stands out, the more people will read it and answer it, and that his question is naturally far more important than anyone else's.   — <font color="#CC0000">J <font color="#00CC00">I <font color="#0000CC">P | Talk 07:49, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Actually, I've known more than a handful of professional programmers that, unless they really consciously think about it, use all lowercase and not one of them is 12 years old with an RPG fetish. :)  They've just gotten used to typing in lowercase unless they need a special character like + or #.  Dismas 10:07, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Seen on IRC:
 * <tt> why do i type in lowercase? because when the revolution comes, the capitalists will be up against the wall!!!! </tt>
 * -- Nailbiter 11:07, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

 * lowercase is one thing, 'the crude truncation of the lower classes' are another. I find 'imho', 'afaik', 'afaics', 'fwiiw' and the like useful, because they expand to good english and save you quite some typing. I even use *lol* occasionally. but u, r, 4, plz and the like just make me shudder. I mean, 'afaics' saves me about four seconds, but 'u' hardly saves any time at all, and you will indeed just look like a 12 year old (I have noted that, here on WP, such abbreviations are often used by young non-native speakers, wishing to emphasize their casual familiarity with English slang). Also, I have noted that ALLCAPS is frequently used by non-internet-savvy females for some reason. Also in text messaging, where capitalization is apita (I just made that one up) -- if people have to choose between all-lowercase and allcaps, I note that novices to textmessaging often use allcaps, while habitués prefer lowercase. Again, I noted that it is not rare for females to use allcaps (I'm in Europe). I take this to be still reflect that a larger portion of the female population has little experience with chatrooms and what not, where an inhibition to SHOUTING is typically acquired rather quickly dab (ᛏ) 11:51, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

 * On Usenet, I have also seen many foreigners (particularly people from Asia, such as India) use u, r, 4, plz and so on, even so much that they use them more than native English speakers. I tend to agree with you that it is a sign of desperately trying to sound "casual" to give a better impression of English skills. However, what they might not realise is that it is backfiring horribly. Rather than giving a "casual" impression, use of u, r, 4, plz and so on makes one stand out as a foreigner concerned about his image.   — <font color="#CC0000">J <font color="#00CC00">I <font color="#0000CC">P | Talk 15:03, 3 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes, I've seen examples from India, on WP, and recently, Greece. As I sidenote, apita above was generated spontaneously, but I note that pita is the current form, with some 13,000 google hits. dab (ᛏ) 16:42, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

Page Title
Does anyone else think the title of the page(i.e. "Reference Desk") might be contributing to our woe of people constantly asking for help citing Wikipedia? I just had the thought that they might be going to the page thinking it will tell them how to list Wikipedia as a reference. Obviously, that still means they're not reading anything at the top, but so be it. What do people think about moving the page to a name that makes it extremely explicit what the page is about?

Examples:

Wikipedia: Answer Desk

Wikpiedia: Question and Answer

Wikipedia: Expert Assistance(don't like it much myself)

...

open for suggestions

Superm401 | Talk 23:31, August 5, 2005 (UTC)

 * I do think that the difference between "help desk" and "reference desk" isn't clear enough to new users (clearly not, as so many of them post in the wrong place). Answer Desk and Q&A are no clearer, I think, and EA isn't much different either (is that wikipedia-expert or subject-expert). I can't think of anything better, however. There may be nothhing better ;( -- Finlay McWalter |  Talk 23:41, August 5, 2005 (UTC)

 * What about Wikipedia:Information desk? Hermione1980 23:47, 5 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, like with "Answer" or "Expert", "information" could be either Wikipedia-information or factual-information - probably part of the problem is that people not used to namespaces see "Wikipedia:Reference" + "desk" rather than "Wikipedia" + "Reference desk". Which rambling has prompted me to make my own suggestion, probably to be shot down in turn, of "Wikipedia:Fact desk" or "Wikipedia:Fact finders" or something else with "Fact" in it - on the grounds that you wouldn't really think about "Wikipedia facts". Hm, or would you... - IMSoP 23:59, 5 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Althernatively we could abandon the distinction and just have "question desk" which does both. -- Finlay McWalter | Talk 00:08, August 6, 2005 (UTC)

 * No way, that page would be worse than VfD used to be. I like "fact desk", myself. Hermione1980 00:20, 6 August 2005 (UTC)
 * It's not a fact desk though. It's a desk for people to ask questions, but not always about simple facts.  Sometimes valid questions concern opinions and seeking people's advice. Superm401 | Talk 00:31, August 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * How about a Question Desk fork (disambig) page. We often do this to point a user in the right direction where there may be confusion. I don't think that merging both desks will serve us well. hydnjo talk 00:23, 6 August 2005 (UTC)
 * That would work especially well if we discourage people from linking directly to WP:RD or WP:HD but instead ask that they link to Question desk. When people get to WP:QD, they will be able to choose the one they want, and are less likely to ask at the wrong one just because they wandered there.  Do people understand what I'm saying? Superm401 | Talk 02:27, August 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * Sort of like a disambiguation page for the two "desks"? Sounds good.  "This way for questions about how Wikipedia works... This way for questions about factual material which doesn't necessarily include Wikipedia" or some such.  Dismas 03:06, 6 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I like the idea too. --HappyCamper 03:20, 6 August 2005 (UTC)

I'll leave this up for about a week. If I don't get a significant number of objections, I'll phase it in. Superm401 | Talk 04:01, August 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * Hmm. I just discovered that Wikipedia help desk redirects to Reference desk.  Surely that explains some of the Wikipedia questions.  Well, that page is about to be fixed. Superm401 | Talk 04:05, August 6, 2005 (UTC)

 * I wonder if it might be better to move the "reference desk" to the new "question desk", and use the "reference desk" page as the "disambiguation page" for the "question desk" and the "help desk"? A lot of welcoming messages to new Wikipedians link to the "reference desk" at the moment it seems. But I guess this might cause a lot of confusion...Just an idea. --HappyCamper 05:28, 6 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I'd rather not change the role of existing pages. It seems to me that would worsen the problem.  I undertand your idea, but don't think it's the best way to go. Superm401 | Talk 06:10, August 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, I'm curious then, how are you planning to phase in the changes? Can I help out? --HappyCamper 06:19, 6 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Simple. Create Question desk with a brilliant disambiguation that sparkles with clarity(I might need some help with the sparkling).  Go through the links to WP:RD and WP:HD using the "What links here" tool.  For any links that are not clearly referencing one of the pages uniquely, change it to a link to Question desk.  I.E. If someone says the people at Reference Desk are very good at answering electronics questions, I'll leave it.  If it says, Reference Desk can respond to all sorts of inquiries you might have, I'll change it to a link to the question desk.  Obviously, not all will be that simple, but there's the rule.  Some help going through the links would be welcome.  There are 500-1000 links to WP:RD and over 10000 to WP:HD.  Hence, a bot would probably be necessary for the latter.  It could be set to do only the ones on User_talk namespace, which should all be converted to WP:QD.  Superm401 | Talk 07:41, August 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * Not all instances on User talk: should be changed, e.g. after the first question I asked here was answered, I left a thank you note on the page of the person who answered it. It is quite possible that I phrased it as "thank you for answering my question at the reference desk". Thryduulf 13:56, 6 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Whoa! Why re-link anything to WP:QD (a disambig page)? Most likely those links to WP:RD and WP:HD (most of them anyway) are just fine. I looked at several to verify. While creating WP:QD we should be concentrating on helping future users navigate to the right place with their questions. If there are some erronious links, lets worry about that later. Right now think "brilliant". hydnjo talk 15:30, 6 August 2005 (UTC)

Another subject: If the disambig page is adopted I think there should be a link to the Question Desk (disambig page) on the Main Page hydnjo talk 14:39, 6 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Good plan. I'll create the Question desk.  We should edit it a bit before publicizing. Superm401 | Talk 20:27, August 6, 2005 (UTC)

Why is it seen as a problem that people come here to ask about citing Wikipedia articles? It's an easy, one-line answer. We refer them to Cite sources. Creating yet another help page seems utterly out of proportion to such a trivial matter. -- Jmabel | Talk 17:36, August 7, 2005 (UTC)

 * Why does it seem so often that when an incremental change is proposed, there is always a general sentiment of opposition? Why not just give the new page a chance? Say, just one week. Or even one day. If it doesn't work out, it can just be speedily deleted. What ever happened to being "bold", and "trying out new things"? We'd never know if it succeeds or fails if we never try. But I digress; the presence of this comment is enough to scare me away from even trying this out myself. I'm myself now back to editing more articles instead! :) --HappyCamper 19:20, 7 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I've probably already yammered enough about the help desk name. I really like the idea of the question desk, although, of course,you will be getting a lot more questions about the Wikipedia maze with this title.  But then, again, I still think the Wikipedia help desk needs to be renamed.  Argh.  I'm probably not winning points here on either side.  Let's see - Question Desk, and Wikipedia Problem Desk.  ?  --Mothperson cocoon 20:56, 7 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Question desk has become Ask a question, out of a desire to distinguish the new page from the existing ones. "Ask a question" implies the page will help the user to ask a question, which is accurate. However, it does not claim to be a place that answers questions, which is inaccurate.  Therefore, please link to Ask a question or WP:AQ. Superm401 | Talk 23:44, August 14, 2005 (UTC)

 * Many people go to FAQ when in fact they are looking for IFAQ (Infrequently) AlMac|(talk) 16:35, 16 August 2005 (UTC)

The point of this page?
A lot of the questions asked here are quite interesting, but many are answered within the pages of Wikipedia. For example, a couple of sections above mine is a question on the next season of 24. Typing '24' in the search box, clicking on 24 (television) and then clicking on Future seasons in the contents menu gives the answer. Ideally, questions easily answered like these should be summarised with just a link to the article/section with the relevant info - maybe remove the body of the section and add the link at the end of the heading?

After a question here (not already answered in Wikipedia) is answered, the answer should be copied to the relevant articles, if appropriate. (Maybe this is already done?) -- Chuq 03:21, 9 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Many of the questions here are asked by new users. Thus, this page gives us a good opportunity to show our spirit of helpfulness. I'm not promoting a condescending approach to answering questions but rather a genuine spirit of helping out and promoting our agenda of providing the best information possible. hydnjo talk 03:43, 9 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I agree, many of these questions can be answered just by providing a link. But sometimes, it's really nice to get an answer with a human quality to it. For me, Wikipedia is in some sense alive, and that's one reason why it's such a rewarding project to work on! --HappyCamper 03:52, 9 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I also agree. Every once in a while I read Please do not bite the newcomers rembembering how I felt back then. For some, jumping in is no big deal, but for others it can be intimidating. That's why we should give the benefit of doubt here (unless of course, it is a blatantly contrived bait) and show our best congeniality. I was there once and am fortunate to have gotten some sympathetic response which provided encouragement rather than discouragement. hydnjo talk 04:16, 9 August 2005 (UTC)

(Discussion moved from project page by James 05:15, August 9, 2005 (UTC))

 * I see the point of many of the above answers, specifically about a human answer - but people wrote the articles here too, and spent quite a bit of time doing so in order to help others. Although, there are many good examples of questions which can not be answered in an encyclopedia.  Not biting the newcomers is a good point, though I wonder how many post a question here, leave, and never return to read the answer, and how much effort in answering questions is wasted.
 * I also don't understand how someone, googling (or otherwise searching) for the answer to a question, manages to find Wikipedia's Reference desk page while completely missing the Wikipedia article on the exact subject!
 * I guess most of this is just me dribbling - but the most important part is that answers get transferred to the relevant article(s) when the RD page is archived! -- Chuq 07:37, 10 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Yeah, I know what you mean. In an ideal world, every single fact dug up for the RD would be immediately transferred to the appropriate articles. Instead, they are being archived. I think the reason is that it takes a fair bit of effort to translate the answers into a suitable form for an article. The other day, wouldn't it be really neat if the RD produced a featured article every month or so? However, I guess hydnjo is right about this too. The RD functions more as a welcoming front end for Wikipedia, rather than a place where articles are being generated. So, a lot of focus is placed on well thought out, welcoming answers. I've met maybe 10 to 20 new Wikipedians through the RD, and many of them decided to join the project after having received a good answer here. --HappyCamper 14:49, 10 August 2005 (UTC)

Archiving questions far too quickly
Yesterday I posed several questions to the page and today when I checked to see if they had been answered found some had already been removed to the archive--in under twenty-four hours. This is far too fast, even if the replies actually answered the questions, which they did not. Yes, this page does get long but removing material in under twenty-four hours is overzealous. I have reposted the two questions. PedanticallySpeaking 15:31, August 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Usually the questions are there for more than that. I asked questions and they were still there after a day. — Ilγαηερ   (Tαlκ) '' 15:39, 9 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I've been doing the archiving for the last two months or so, and recently a new Wikipedian is just trying to learn the ropes and get a feel for the archiving. Just give the user a chance. I'll restore more of the archived questions today. --HappyCamper 16:02, 9 August 2005 (UTC)

Archiving tips for next time
I did the most recent archiving, and User talk:Jamesmusik was nice to point out that I should try and minimize the number of edits to the page while doing so to avoid cluttering up the page history. I think I'll add this little tip to the reference desk archive page. --HappyCamper 10:08, 17 August 2005 (UTC)

On another note, the number of questions is growing very, very rapidly. Archiving week-old questions is not enough to keep up with the pace at the moment. I'm archiving 3-4 day old questions as well, trying to keep the number of questions to around 100. --HappyCamper 10:08, 17 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia talk:Reference desk/Archive 3


text:
Women in Revolt

Women in Revolt is a 1971 American satirical film produced by Andy Warhol and directed by Paul Morrissey. It was initially released as Andy Warhol's Women. The film stars Jackie Curtis, Candy Darling, and Holly Woodlawn, three trans women and superstars of Warhol's Factory scene. It also features soundtrack music by John Cale.

Plot
The film satirizes the Women's Liberation Movement, and alludes to Valerie Solanas and the SCUM Manifesto. Holly and Jackie form a small group of "women's libbers." They convince Candy, a wealthy socialite who has an incestuous relationship with her brother, to join them at their meetings. The group needs Candy's membership to bring money and "glamour" to their cause.

Production
Working titles for the film were P.I.G.S. (for "Politically Involved GirlS") and Sex, which could have been an homage to actress Mae West who was arrested for her play Sex in 1926.

Bob Colacello, former editor of Warhol's Interview magazine, stated, "Although Paul didn't come out and say it, and Andy certainly would have denied it, Women in Revolt is essentially Andy's revenge on Valerie Solanas. PIGs was his answer to SCUM."

Shooting began for Women in Revolt in the spring of 1970. During production from 1970 to 1971, Jackie Curtis insisted that Warhol shoot the film, or she threatened to leave the project.

Release
The film premiered as Sex at Grauman's Chinese Theatre as part of the first Los Angeles International Film Exposition (Filmex) in Hollywood on November 6, 1971.

The film was retitled Andy Warhol's Women when it opened at the Cinema Theater in Los Angeles on December 17, 1971. It was renamed Women in Revolt by the time it opened at the Cine Malibu in New York City on February 16, 1972.

Reception
The film received mostly favorable reviews.

Chuck Emerson wrote for the University of Redlands student publication, The Bulldog: "Sex is technically better than Warhol's previous epics … Everything is a joke, a put-on, there's no malice or cynicism in Warhol's intent. Sex, like most of Warhol's stuff, has a curious innocence in its blatant crudeness."

Kevin Thomas wrote for the Los Angeles Times that Warhol fans would find the film "uproarious" and likened it to a spoof of a "'Valley of the Dolls'-type plot."

Vincent Canby of The New York Times wrote, "'Women in Revolt' … is not as consistently funny (and awful) as 'Trash,' but a lot of it is as hilarious as it is dirty. The film carries no screenplay credit, so I have no idea who is responsible for the dialogue, which often is foolish and occasionally inspired in the way that good parodies must be."

Jeanne Miller of the San Francisco Examiner called it a "trashy little stag film," and added Warhol's "performers are so grotesque, his technical skills so non-existent and his sensibilities' so vulgar that not an iota of amusement merges from this sordid farce."

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Women in Revolt


text:
Connected dominating set

In graph theory, a connected dominating set and a maximum leaf spanning tree are two closely related structures defined on an undirected graph.

Definitions
A connected dominating set of a graph G is a set D of vertices with two properties: A minimum connected dominating set of a graph G is a connected dominating set with the smallest possible cardinality among all connected dominating sets of G. The connected domination number of G is the number of vertices in the minimum connected dominating set.
 * 1) Any node in D can reach any other node in D by a path that stays entirely within D. That is, D induces a connected subgraph of G.
 * 2) Every vertex in G either belongs to D or is adjacent to a vertex in D. That is, D is a dominating set of G.

Any spanning tree T of a graph G has at least two leaves, vertices that have only one edge of T incident to them. A maximum leaf spanning tree is a spanning tree that has the largest possible number of leaves among all spanning trees of G. The max leaf number of G is the number of leaves in the maximum leaf spanning tree.

Complementarity
If d is the connected domination number of an n-vertex graph G, where n > 2, and l is its max leaf number, then the three quantities d, l, and n obey the simple equation
 * $$\displaystyle n = d + l.$$

If D is a connected dominating set, then there exists a spanning tree in G whose leaves include all vertices that are not in D: form a spanning tree of the subgraph induced by D, together with edges connecting each remaining vertex v that is not in D to a neighbor of v in D. This shows that l ≥ n − d.

In the other direction, if T is any spanning tree in G, then the vertices of T that are not leaves form a connected dominating set of G. This shows that n − l ≥ d. Putting these two inequalities together proves the equality n = d + l.

Therefore, in any graph, the sum of the connected domination number and the max leaf number equals the total number of vertices. Computationally, this implies that determining the connected domination number is equally difficult as finding the max leaf number.

Algorithms
It is NP-complete to test whether there exists a connected dominating set with size less than a given threshold, or equivalently to test whether there exists a spanning tree with at least a given number of leaves. Therefore, it is believed that the minimum connected dominating set problem and the maximum leaf spanning tree problem cannot be solved in polynomial time.

When viewed in terms of approximation algorithms, connected domination and maximum leaf spanning trees are not the same: approximating one to within a given approximation ratio is not the same as approximating the other to the same ratio. There exists an approximation for the minimum connected dominating set that achieves a factor of 2 ln Δ + O(1), where Δ is the maximum degree of a vertex in G. The maximum leaf spanning tree problem is MAX-SNP hard, implying that no polynomial time approximation scheme is likely. However, it can be approximated to within a factor of 2 in polynomial time.

Both problems may be solved, on $n$-vertex graphs, in time $O(1.9^{n})$. The maximum leaf problem is fixed-parameter tractable, meaning that it can be solved in time exponential in the number of leaves but only polynomial in the input graph size. The klam value of these algorithms (intuitively, a number of leaves up to which the problem can be solved within a reasonable amount of time) has gradually increased, as algorithms for the problem have improved, to approximately 37, and it has been suggested that at least 50 should be achievable.

In graphs of maximum degree three, the connected dominating set and its complementary maximum leaf spanning tree problem can be solved in polynomial time, by transforming them into an instance of the matroid parity problem for linear matroids.

Applications
Connected dominating sets are useful in the computation of routing for mobile ad hoc networks. In this application, a small connected dominating set is used as a backbone for communications, and nodes that are not in this set communicate by passing messages through neighbors that are in the set.

The max leaf number has been employed in the development of fixed-parameter tractable algorithms: several NP-hard optimization problems may be solved in polynomial time for graphs of bounded max leaf number.

title: Connected dominating set


text:
Éliane Radigue

Éliane Radigue (born January 24, 1932 ) is a French electronic music composer. She began working in the 1950s and her first compositions were presented in the late 1960s. Until 2000 her work was almost exclusively created with the ARP 2500 modular synthesizer and tape. Since 2001 she has composed mainly for acoustic instruments.

Biography
Radigue was born in a modest family of merchants and raised in Paris at Les Halles. She later married the French-born American artist Arman with whom she lived in Nice while raising their three children, before returning to Paris in 1967. She had studied piano and was already composing before hearing a broadcast by the founder of musique concrète Pierre Schaeffer. She soon met him, and in the early '50s became his student, working periodically at the Studio d'Essai during visits to Paris. In the early 1960s, she was assistant to Pierre Henry, creating some of the sounds which appeared in his works. As her own work matured, Schaeffer and Henry felt that her use of microphone feedback and long tape loops (as heard in Vice-Versa and Feedback Works 1969-1970) was moving away from their ideals, though her practice was still related to their methods.

1955–1957: Apprenticeship in musique concrète
Radigue's initial education on electroacoustic music was from composer Pierre Schaeffer, to whom she was introduced via radio broadcasts of his music. After meeting him in person through a mutual friend, Radigue started her music education under Schaeffer and Pierre Henry at Studio d'Essai de la Radiodiffusion Nationale in Paris on 1955. At the institution, Radigue was trained on tape music techniques as a part of her education in musique concrète. Radigue described the experience of working in the Groupe de Recherche de Musique Concrète as eye-opening, as it introduced her to the idea that any sounds were able to be considered musical. However, she also described her early music to be paralleled from the practice as both of her educators disfavored electronic music over musique concrète principles.

1960s: Tape feedback
Radigue left Studio d'Essai due to the need to support her children's education. As she lost access to studios and equipment, she pursued music education on classical composition, harp, and piano. In 1967, Radigue reconnected with Pierre Henry and started to work as his assistant at Studio Apsome. During this time, she developed a particular interest in tape feedback technique, as it fit her sonic vision of minuscule developments over an extended time. After a year, Radigue resigned and started her professional music career, primarily working within the tape editing medium.

1970s–1990s: Experiments with synthesizers
Around 1970, Radigue created her first synthesizer-based music in a studio she shared with Laurie Spiegel on a Buchla synthesizer installed by Morton Subotnick at NYU. (Chry-ptus dates from this time.) Her goal at this point was to create a slow, purposeful "unfolding" of sound through the use of analogue synthesizers and magnetic tape, with results she felt to be closer to the minimal composers of New York at the time than to the French musique concrète composers who had been her previous allies. She experimented with Buchla and Moog synthesizers before finding in the ARP 2500 synthesizer the vehicle she would use exclusively for the next 25 years in forging her characteristic sound, beginning with Adnos I (1974). After that work's premiere at Mills College at the invitation of Robert Ashley, a group of visiting French music students spoke to her about Tibetan Buddhism, a subject she found fascinating and began investigating upon her return to Paris.

Buddhist influence
After investigating Tibetan Buddhism, she quickly converted and spent the next three years devoted to its practice under her guru Tsuglak Mawe Wangchuk (the tenth incarnation of Pawo Rinpoche), who subsequently sent her back to her musical work. She returned to composition, picking up where she left off, using the same working methods and goals as before, finishing Adnos II in 1979 and Adnos III in 1980. Then came a series of works dedicated to Milarepa, the great Tibetan yogi, known for his Hundred Thousand Songs representing the basis of his teaching. First she composed the Songs of Milarepa, followed by Jetsun Mila, an evocation of the life of this great master; the creation of these works was sponsored by the French government.

In the late 1980s and early 1990s, she devoted herself to a singular three-hour work. Considered to be her masterpiece, the Trilogie de la Mort was released in 1998; the first part kyema Intermediate states follows the path of the continuum of the six states of consciousness. The work was influenced as much by the Bardo Thodol (aka Tibetan Book of the Dead) and her meditation practice, as by the deaths of Tsuglak Mawe Wangchuk and of her son Yves Arman. The first third of the Trilogie, "Kyema", was her first recording to be released on Phill Niblock's XI label. In his AllMusic review, "Blue" Gene Tyranny described Trilogie de la Mort as a "profound work of electronic music".

2000s–present: Acoustic works
In 2000, she made her last electronic work in Paris, L'Ile Re-sonante, for which she received the Golden Nica Award at the festival Ars Electronica in 2006.

In 2001, on request from electric bassist and composer Kasper T. Toeplitz, she created her first instrumental work, Elemental II, which she took up again with The Lappetites, a laptop improvisation group comprising Antye Greie/AGF, Kaffe Matthews and Ryoko Akama. She participated in their first album Before the Libretto on the Quecksilber label in 2005.

Since 2004 she has dedicated herself to works for acoustic instruments. First with the American cellist Charles Curtis, the first part of Naldjorlak was premiered in December 2005 in New York and later played in 25 concerts across the U.S. and Europe. The second part of Naldjorlak for the two basset horn players Carol Robinson and Bruno Martinez, was created in September 2007 at the Aarau Festival (Switzerland). The three musicians completed the third part of Naldjorlak with Radigue and premiered the complete work, "Naldjorlak I,II,III", in Bordeaux on January 24, 2009. In June 2011 her composition for solo harp Occam I, written for the harpist Rhodri Davies, was premiered in London. Numerous solos and ensemble pieces in the OCCAM cycle have followed.

Selected works
The last three works constitute the three parts of the Trilogie de la Mort.
 * Jouet électronique, archival, 1967
 * Elemental I, archival, 1968
 * Usral, Grand Palais, Paris, 1969
 * Omnht, Rive Droite Gallery, Paris, 1970
 * Stress Osaka, Osaka International Fair, Osaka, 1970
 * Vice-Versa, etc..., Lara Vincy Gallery, Paris, 1970
 * Opus 17, Centre Artistique de Verderonne, Verderonne, France, 1970
 * Chry-ptus, New York Cultural Art Center, 1971
 * 7th Birth, New York, 1972
 * Geelriandre, Théatre de la Musique, Paris, 1972
 * Ψ 847, The Kitchen, New York, 1973
 * Arthesis, Theater Vanguard, Los Angeles, 1973
 * Biogenesis and Transamorem Transmortem, The Kitchen, New York, 6 March 1974
 * Adnos, Festival d'Automne, Paris, 1974
 * 7 petites pièeces pour un Labyrinthe Sonore, GERM, Paris, 1975
 * Triptych, Dancehall/Theatre of Nancy, 1978
 * Adnos II, Mills College, Oakland, 1980
 * Adnos III, Prélude à Milarepa, Experimental Intermedia Foundation, New York, 1982
 * 5 Songs of Milarepa, San Francisco Art Institute, 1984
 * Jetsun Mila, Vie de Milarepa, GERM, Paris, 1986
 * Kyema, New Langton Arts, San Francisco, 1988
 * Kailasha, Experimental Intermedia Foundation, New York, 1991
 * Koumé, Mamac, Festival MANCA, Nice, 1993

 * Elemental II, Festival Cités soniques, CCmix, January 2004
 * Naldjorlak, Tenri Cultural Institute, New York, December 2005
 * Naldjorlak I II III, CACP, Bordeaux, January 2009

Occam Series

 * Occam I for harp Premiered by Rhodri Davies in London (Sound and Music Festival, June 14, 2011)

 * Occam II for violin Premiered by Silvia Tarozzi in Bologna (Angelica Festival, May 3, 2012)

 * Occam III for birbynė Premiered by Carol Robinson in Bologna (Angelica Festival, May 3, 2012) 20’

 * Occam IV for viola Premiered by Julia Eckhardt in Bologna (Angelica Festival, May 3, 2012)

 * Occam V for cello Premiere by Charles Curtis in New York (Issue Project Room, September 20, 2013)

 * Occam VI for EMS synthesizer Premiere by Thomas Lehn in Berlin (faithful!/Berghain Festival, October 12, 2012)

 * Occam VII for voice and electronics Antye Greie-Ripatti

 * Occam VIII for cello Premiere by Deborah Walker in Metz (FRAC Lorraine, December 5, 2013)

 * Occam IX for “digital spring spyre” Premiere by Laetitia Sonami in San Francisco (Brava Theater SFEMF2013, September 13, 2013)

 * Occam X for trumpet Premiere by Nate Wooley in New York (Issue Project Room, October 24, 2014)

 * Occam XI for tuba Premiere by Robin Hayward in Brussels (Q-O2, December 5, 2014)

 * Occam XII for viola Premiered by Catherine Lamb in Frankfurt (Cresc… Biennale für Moderne Musik, November 25, 2017)

 * Occam XIII for bassoon Premiere by Dafne Vicente-Sandoval in Glasgow (Tectonics Festival, May 2, 2015)

 * Occam XIV for harp Premiered by Hélène Bréchand  in Paris (Collège des Bernardins, April 26, 2017)

 * Occam XV for clarinet in C Premiered by Bruno Martinez

 * Occam XVI for bass clarinet Premiered by Carol Robinson in Dundalk (Oriel Centre, June 20, 2014) 23’

 * Occam XVII for double base Premiered by Dominic Lash in London (South Bank Centre, Harmonic Series, February 3, 2016)

 * Occam XVIII for sub-base recorder Premiered by Pia Palme (Huddersfield, Beyond Pythagoras Symposium, March 21, 2014)

 * Occam XIX for five string double bass Premiered by Louis-Michel Marion in Clermont-Ferrand (Festival des Musiques Démesurées, November 15, 2014) 30’

 * Occam XX for EMS synthesizer Premiered by Ryoko Akama in Huddersfield (Huddersfield Contemporary Music Festival, November 22, 2014)

 * Occam XXI for violin Premiered by Angharad Davies in Mexico (El Nicho festival, May 17, 2015)

 * Occam XXII for voice Premiered by Yannick Guédon in San Sebastian (Tabakalera, June 29, 2018)

 * Occam XXIII for alto saxophone Premiered by Bertrand Gauguet in Paris (Festival d’Automne, Palais de Tokyo, December 14, 2018) 20’

 * Occam XXIV for bass and alto flute Premiered by Cat Hope in Eveleigh New South Wales (Carriageworks, June 28, 2018)

 * Occam XXV for organ Premiered by Frédéric Blondy in London (Organ Reframed Festival, October 13, 2018) 40’

 * Occam XXVI for percussion (cymbal) Premiered by Enrico Malatesta in Berlin (Barggain/CTM festival, November 16, 2018)

 * Occam XXVII for bagpipes Premiered by Erwan Keravec in Montreal (Le Gesù, Amphitheatre, September 11, 2019)

 * Occam River I for birbynė and viola Premiered by Carol Robinson, Julia Eckhardt in Bolzano (Muserole Festival, May 5, 2012) 25’

 * Occam River II for violin and cello Premiered by Silvia Tarozzi, Deborah Walker in Metz (FRAC Lorraine, December 5, 2013)

 * Occam River III for birbynė and trumpet Premiered by Carol Robinson, Nate Wooley in New York (Issue Project Room, October 24, 2014) 22’

 * Occam River IV for tuba and cello Premiered by Robin Hayward, Charles Curtis in Brussels (Q-O2, December 5, 2014)

 * Occam River V for viola and cello Premiered by Catherine Lamb, Deborah Walker in Brussels (Festival Ars Musica, November 14, 2014)

 * Occam River VI for sub-bass recorder and harp Premiered by Pia Palme, Rhodri Davies in Huddersfield (Beyond Pythagoras Symposium, March 21, 2014)

 * Occam River VII for bassoon and cello Dafne Vicente-Sandoval, Deborah Walker

 * Occam River VIII for bass clarinet and five string double base Premiered by Carol Robinson, Louis-Michel Marion in Claremont-Ferrand (Festival des Musiques Démesurées, November 15, 2014) 26’

 * Occam River IX for two violas Premiered by Julia Eckhardt, Catherine Lamb in Brussels (Festival Ars Musica, November 14, 2014)

 * Occam River X for bassoon and tuba Premiered by Dafne Vicente-Sandoval, Robin Hayward in Glasgow (Techtonics Festival, May 2, 2015)

 * Occam River XI for bassoon and cello Premiered by Dafne Vicente-Sandova, Charles Curtis in Glasgow (Techtonics Festival, May 2, 2015)

 * Occam River XII for cello and harp Premiered by Charles Curtis, Rhodri Davies in Glasgow (Techtonics Festival, May 2, 2015)

 * Occam River XIII for bassoon and harp Premiered by Dafne Vincente Sandoval and Rhodri Davies in Oslo (Ultima oslo contemporary music festival, September 9, 2017)

 * Occam River XIV for harp and five string double bass Premiered by Hélène Breschand and Louis-Michel Marion (Collège des Bernardins, April 26, 2017)

 * Occam River XV for violin and double bass Premiered by Angharad Davies and Dominic Lash in Matlock Bath, Derbyshire (Great Masson Cavern, September 17, 2017)

 * Occam River XVI for birbynė and harp Premiered by Carol Robinson and Rhodri Davies in Brooklyn (Moving Sounds Festival, October 20, 2017) 54’

 * Occam River XVII for violin and harp Angharad Davies and Rhodri Davies

 * Occam River XVIII for double bass and harp Dominic Lash and Rhodri Davies

 * Occam River XIX for viola and baritone Premiered by Julia Eckhardt and Yannick Guédon in San Sebastian (Tabakalera, June 29, 2018)

 * Occam River XX for harp duo Helene Breschand and Rhodri Davies

 * Occam River XXI for tuba and harp Robin Hayward and Rhodri Davies

 * Occam River XXII for bass clarinet and saxophone (co-signed with Carol Robinson) Premiered by Carol Robinson and Bertrand Gauguet in Paris (Palais de Tokyo, December 14, 2018) 28’

 * Occam River XXIII

 * Occam River XXIV

 * Occam River XXV

 * Occam River XXVI

 * Occam River XXVII for bass clarinet and harp Premiered by Carol Robinson and Helene Breschand in Paris (Centre Georges Pompidou, September 13, 2020) 20’

 * Occam River XXVIII for birbynė and viola de gamba (2021) 27’

 * Occam Delta I for birbynė, violin, viola and harp Premiere by Carol Robinson, Silvia Tarozzi, Julia Eckhardt, Rhodri Davies in Bologna (Angelica Festival, May 3, 2012)

 * Occam Delta II for bass clarinet, viola and harp Premiered by Carol Robinson, Julia Eckhardt, Rhodri Davies in Huddersfield (Huddersfield Contemporary Music Festival, November 19, 2012) 30’

 * Occam Delta III for violin, viola and cello premiere - Silvia Tarozzi, Julia Eckhardt, Deborah Walker in Metz (FRAC Lorraine, December 5, 2013)

 * Occam Delta IV for tuba, cello and harp Premiered by Robin Hayward, Charles Curtis, Rhodri Davies in Paris (Festival d’Automne, November 22, 2013)

 * Occam Delta V for bass clarinet, tuba, cello and harp Premiered by Carol Robinson, Robin Hayward, Charles Curtis, Rhodri Davies in Paris (Festival d’Automne, November 22, 2013) 20’

 * Occam Delta VI pour bassoon, two violas and cello Dafne Vicente-Sandoval, Julia Eckhardt, Catherine Lamb, Deborah Walker

 * Occam Delta VII for two violas and cello Premiered by Julia Eckhardt, Catherine Lamb, Deborah Walker in Brussels (Festival Ars Musica, November 14, 2014)

 * Occam Delta VIII for bassoon, tuba, cello and harp Premiered by Charles Curtis, Rhodri Davies, Robin Hayward, Dafne Vicente-Sandoval in Glasgow (Techtonics Festival, May 2, 2015)

 * Occam Delta IX for bassoon, tuba, and cello Premiered by Dafne Vicente-Sandoval, Robin Hayward, Charles Curtis in Mexico (Festival El Nicho, May 17, 2015)

 * Occam Delta X for trombone, horn, tuba Premiered by Hillary Jeffrey, Elena Kanakaliagou, Robin Howard in Milan (Pirelli Hangar Bicocca, December 18, 2018)

 * Occam Delta XI for violin, viola and bassoon Premiered by Silvia Tarozzi, Julia Eckhardt, Dafne Vicente-Sandoval in Paris (Cartier Foundation, July 4, 2016)

 * Occam Delta XII for bass fute, bass clarinet and cello Premiered by Erik Drescher, Volker Hemken, Robert Engelbrecht in Hamburg (Club Katarakt, January 20, 2017)

 * Occam Delta XIII for base clarinet, harp and 5-string double bass Premiered by Carol Robinson, Hélène Breschand, Louis-Michel Marion in Metz (Église Saint-Maximin, Fragment, January 18, 2019) 35’

 * Occam Delta XIV for harp, violin and double bass Premiered by Angharad Davies, Dominic Lash, Rhodri Davies in London (Café Oto, March 10, 2019)

 * Occam Delta XV for string quartet Premiered by Isabelle Bozzini, Alissa Cheung, Stéphanie Bozzini, Clemens Merkel in Montreal (Fonderie Darling, Suoni per il Popolo Festival, June 9, 2018)

 * Occam Delta XVI for bassoon, tuba and harp Premiered by Dafne Vicente-Sandoval, Robin Hayward, Rhodri Davies in Darmstadt (Darmstadt Summer Course, July 17, 2018)

 * Occam Delta XVII for bassoon, violoncello and harp Premiered by Dafne Vicente-Sandoval, Charles Curtis, Rhodri Davies in Glasgow (Festival Techtonics, May 2, 2015)

 * Occam Delta XVIII for saxophone, viola, baritone, bass clarinet Premiered by Bertrand Gauguet, Julia Eckhardt, Yannick Guedon, Carol Robinson in Paris (Palais de Tokyo, December 14, 2018) 30’

 * Occam Delta XIX for alto saxophone, birbynė, voice+viola de gamba Premiered by Carol Robinson, Bertrand Gauguet, Yannick Guedon (2019) 25’

 * Occam Hexa I for bass clarinet, tuba, viola, cello and harp Premiered by Carol Robinson, Robin Hayward, Julia Eckhardt, Charles Curtis, Rhodri Davies in Paris (Festival d’Automne, November 22, 2013) 24’

 * Occam Hexa II for fute, clarinet, viola, cello and percussion (co-signed with Carol Robinson) Premiered by Decibel (Cat Hope, Linsay Vickery, Aaron Wyatt, Tristen Parr, Stuart James) in Perth (PICA, October 30, 2015)

 * Occam Hexa III for trumpet, bassoon, bass clarinet, violin, viola and 5-string double bass – Nate Wooley, Dafné Vicente-Sandoval, Carol Robinson, Silvia Tarozzi, Julia Eckhardt, Louis-Michel Marion (Foundation Cartier, July 4, 2016) 27’

 * Occam Hexa IV for 2 violins, viola, cello and double bass Premiered by Silvia Tarozzi, Angharad Davies, Julia Eckhardt and Dominic Lash in Huddersfield (Huddersfield Contemporary Music Festival, November 21, 2016)

 * Occam Hexa V for 2 saxophone, trombone, electric guitar, piano and percussion

 * Occam Hepta I for Ensemble Dedalus (guitar, viola, trombone, trompet, violin, bassoon, and cello) Premiered in Salzburg (University Mozarteum, Festival Crossroads, December 6, 2018)

 * Occam Océan I for large ensemble Premiere by ONCEIM, conductor Fréderic Blondy in Paris (Église Saint Merri, CRACK Festival, September 26, 2015) 55’

Discography

 * Vice - Versa, Etc... (single disc) (Self-released, 1970)
 * Songs of Milarepa (single disc) (Lovely Music, 1983)
 * Jetsun Mila (Lovely Music, 1987)
 * Mila's Journey Inspired by a Dream (Lovely Music, 1987)
 * Kyema, Intermediate States (Experimental Intermedia, 1990)
 * Biogenesis (Metamkine, 1996)
 * Trilogie de la mort (Experimental Intermedia, 1998)
 * Songs of Milarepa (two discs) (Lovely Music, 1998)
 * Σ = a = b = a + b (2 x 7" limited edition) (Galerie Yvon Lambert, 1969, taken up by Povertech Industries, 2000)
 * Adnos I–III (Table of the Elements, 2002)
 * Geelriandre / Arthesis (Fringes Archive, 2003)
 * Elemental II (Records of Sleaze Art, 2004)
 * L'île re-sonante (Shiiin, 2005)
 * Chry-ptus (Schoolmap, 2007)
 * Naldjorlak for Charles Curtis, (Shiiin, 2008)
 * Triptych (Important, 2009)
 * Vice Versa, etc. (Important, 2009)
 * Jouet electronique / Elemental I (Alma Marghen, 2010)
 * Transamorem / Transmortem (Important, 2011)
 * Feedback Works 1969–1970 (Alga Marghen, 2012)
 * "Ψ 847" (Oral, 2013)
 * Naldjorlak I II III (shiiin, 2013)
 * Occam XXV (Organ Reframed, 2022)

The triple-CD recording Trilogie de la mort includes Kyema, Kailasha and Koume. The two-disc recording Songs of Milarepa includes Mila's Journey Inspired by a Dream.

With The Lappetites

 * Before the Libretto (Quecksilber, 2005)

title: Éliane Radigue


text:
Talk:Junya Nakano

Works
Who added all those extra works, and where did you find this info? Also, would you be able to designate which system each game corresponds to? --Kaleb.G 02:22, August 20, 2005 (UTC)

Style Comments
I added a section talking about Nakano's style, but I'm not really an educated musician. I put up what I thought best described his style, and what album and even song exemplifies it best, but I'd love it if someone could comment more intelligently on the matter. Klondike 13:47, 25 April 2006 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Junya Nakano


text:
Talk:Richard Steven Horvitz

Go Meat, Or No Meat?
I was watching this advertisement on television and had to wonder if the guy with the curly hair was Richard Horvitz...

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HETAnq5s58g

This guy doesn't resemble the pictures on Richard's web site, but the voice is unmistakably his. Did they disguise Richard with a wig, dub in his voice, or is this all some crazy coincidence? --M.Neko 06:14, 12 June 2007 (UTC)

Can someone provide pictures of Richard? --User:Angie Y.

It still needs work though. It's only temporary. InfallibleRoxi 23:58, 13 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I'd love to, but I have no clue on how to upload pictures on Wikipedia. I DID, however, just a couple of minutes ago, completely re-write the article. I'm so proud of myself.

Privacy
InfallibleRoxi 14:46, 15 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Look, I don't think it's that big of a deal, since the information on his kids is basically what was put on his Bio page and isn't any real information. It just says he has 3 kids. I think InShaneee is right about this. Just leave it be, I'm sure Mr. Horvitz won't mind. --

Richard told me that he does not want ANY info about his family on Wikipedia. Now he'll think I submitted that info! --User:Angie Y.

 * I've restored the info. This is an encyclopedia, not a message board user profile. If he wishes for the info to be removed, he must PERSONALLY write an email to Jim Wales, as per wikipedia policy. --InShaneee 03:20, 14 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Uh oh! I'm sorry, I had no idea he didn't want any info about his family! Should we delete all mention of it to respect privacy? - InfallibleRoxi 23:11, 19 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Okay, I have taken it into my hands and removed all reference to Mr. Horvitz's family to respect him and his family's privacy by request. Please do not restore the info. My sincere apologies go out to the Horvitz family for the mix-up. - InfallibleRoxi 18:45, 20 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I've restored the info. Since I must not have explained it well enough above, I'll try again. This is an ENCYCLOPEDIA. It carries lots of information that a lot of people don't want here, such as the details of Woody Allen's incestuous, pedophilic love affair. The fact is, if we just removed that info, we'd hardly be able to call ourselves unbiased, or more importantly, complete. Therefore, wikipedia policy states that if a person has a dispute about the information published about them in a wikipedia article, unless the information is blatantly false, they must email Jimbo Wales and discuss the takedown with him. Wikipedians are NOT allowed to simply remove the info because the person, "asked (them) to". --InShaneee 20:19, 20 September 2005 (UTC)

Name
I thought he's usually credited as "Richard Horvitz" (without his middle name in there). Shouldn't the article be renamed to reflect this? There's a similar example with former Mystery Science Theater 3000 star Kevin Murphy (Previously the article was credited by his full name). -TonicBH 20:09, 14 May 2006 (UTC)

Kids Incorporated
It seems he appeared on this show back in (1984)-85 at the age of 18. I'm watching the season he wass on now.

Shaolin Soccer
umm... this article has Richard Horvitz listed as a voice actor for Kung Fu Hustle, and I was wondering if he played the Team Rebellion Captain in Shaolin Soccer, which is another Stephen Chow movie. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.95.117.213 (talk) 03:02, 11 January 2008 (UTC)

voiced on an episode of Johnny Bravo
He voiced on an episode of Johnny Bravo in the episode "Bravo, James Bravo", He played the Evil Nerd. —Preceding unsigned comment added by EpiSonic (talk • contribs) 07:20, 20 November 2010 (UTC)

Russian descent
Before anyone reverts my edit, this interview with Horvitz is proof that he is of Russian ancestry. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-OS32jAJVHs — Preceding unsigned comment added by Doommaster1994 (talk • contribs) 20:41, 14 August 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Richard Steven Horvitz


text:
List of Boston Red Sox team records

The Boston Red Sox are a Major League Baseball (MLB) team based in Boston, Massachusetts. They have competed in the American League (AL) since it was founded in, and in the AL East division since it was formed in. Note that before 1908, the team was known as the Boston Americans. The list below documents players (by careers and seasons) and teams (by seasons) that hold particular club records.

Individual player records
Note that these records reflect statistics only for a player's tenure with the Red Sox. For example, David Ortiz hit a total of 541 home runs during his MLB career; 483 with the Red Sox and 58 with the Minnesota Twins —thus, Ted Williams' 521 home runs, all hit with the Red Sox, is the team record. Similarly, the team record for wins with the Red Sox is 192, accomplished both by Roger Clemens and Cy Young, who had major league career win totals of 354 and 511, respectively.

Note that "rate" categories (such as batting average or earned run average) have thresholds (such as a minimum number of at bats or innings pitched) for eligibility.

The below tables have been updated with records through the season.

Batting
Source:

Additionally, the team record for consecutive games played with at least one hit (hitting streak) is held by Dom DiMaggio at 34 games, set during the 1949 season. His streak began with a single on June 29 and ended when he went 0-for-5 on August 9; during that period, DiMaggio also appeared in a game on July 18 only as a pinch runner, which neither counts for or against the hitting streak.

Pitching
Source:

Fielding
This is a partial list of the team's single-season fielding records.

Team records
Note: games behind (GB) applies to non-first-place seasons, while games ahead (GA) applies to first-place seasons. The 2005 Red Sox, who finished in a tie for first in the American League East and were declared the Wild Card team based on head-to-head records, are not included in either category.

† These categories exclude the 2020 team that played a 60-game season; the team won 24 games and lost 36 games (a .400 winning percentage); scored 292 runs and allowed 351 runs; and played without fans in attendance due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

The 1961 and 1985 teams each had a tie game during their 162-game schedule that was subsequently replayed; the 1978 team played a tie-breaker game at the end of their 162-game schedule.

Source:

title: List of Boston Red Sox team records


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/You don't exist. Go away.

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Woohookitty 09:03, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

You don't exist. Go away.
Non-notable error message. For comparison, we do not have You are not expected to understand this
 * Delete. Gazpacho 02:25, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete; wtf? | Celcius 02:46, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Hamster Sandwich 03:00, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Not even a sentence --Dysepsion 04:14, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Pointless babble! Tekana 18:34, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Stupid User:Inquisitor911 18:36, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. And the explanation is wrong. -- llywrch 01:38, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as above. --Agamemnon2 11:07, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * No vote. I will note the explanation is not so much wrong, as grossly incomplete. It's a fairly common *nix error message indicating that a user is logged in under a UID without an appropriate user entry in /etc/passwd or equivalent. I memorably saw this after one of my housemates attempted a "sudo rm -Rf /" on a Linux install just prior to reformatting, just to see what it really would do. After enough system files were removed to cause the removal process to crash itself, he attempted a directory listing; the error message resulted, to our amusement. We rebooted, got a kernel panic, and wandered off to find more booze and snacks before reinstalling. Abb3w 07:24, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, and FWIW, Abb3w is entirely correct. — J I P | Talk 07:31, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Demon's Crest

Demon's Crest, known in Japan as Demon's Blazon, is a side-scrolling platform video game developed and published by Capcom for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System. It is the third video game starring Firebrand (an enemy character from the Ghosts 'n Goblins series, known as "Red Arremer" in the Japanese version), following Gargoyle's Quest and Gargoyle's Quest II.

Plot
The game's story revolves around the Crests, six magical stones which preside over their respective elements (Fire, Earth, Water, Air, Time and Heaven). When all crests are combined, the Crest of Infinity will appear, allowing its holder infinite power and the ability to conquer all realms with it. The demons of the Demon Realm have long fought each other for possession of the Crests, five of which have since fallen into the hands of a red demon named Firebrand. Seeking infinite power, Firebrand challenges a Demon Dragon for the Crest of Heaven and is victorious, though badly wounded. In his weakness, a rival demon named Phalanx ambushes Firebrand and takes all the Crests except the Fire Crest, which shatters into five shards, one of which Firebrand retains.

As the game begins, Phalanx has already begun using the Crests to become the ruler of the Demon Realm, while Firebrand is imprisoned in an amphitheater and made to fight the zombified Demon Dragon, Somulo. After escaping the amphitheater, Firebrand sets out to regain the Crests and get revenge on Phalanx. Along the way, Firebrand is repeatedly challenged by Phalanx' general, Arma, who grudgingly returns most of the Crests to Firebrand out of respect for his power.

Finally, Firebrand challenges Phalanx in his castle within the Demon Realm. Depending on the player's choices, three different endings are possible in this battle. The worst ending has Firebrand killing Phalanx and leaving the Demon Realm as it falls into complete anarchy, while a more favorable ending has Phalanx sealing himself inside the Crest of Heaven and Firebrand hiding all the Crests. The third ending concludes with Firebrand slaying Phalanx after he summons the Crest of Infinity to transform into a hideous beast, then tossing the crests off a cliff after deciding that he does not seek conquest.

Completing the game with the third ending gives the player a special password that allows Firebrand to continue the game with a new transformation, the Ultimate Gargoyle, and access the hidden fourth ending, in which Firebrand can challenge a secret boss named Dark Demon. Upon winning this battle, the fourth ending plays, in which Firebrand casts away the Crests out of pride for his own power, then leaves to seek another worthy opponent to fight.

Gameplay
The gameplay is a mix of standard platforming, with mild RPG elements. The stages are divided into six main areas and can be played multiple times. The game also has Metroidvania elements, where the player has to revisit a level with new Crests to access areas, items, and bosses that could not be accessed before. There is also a world map players use to navigate.

Firebrand's main abilities are his fire breath, claws for clinging onto walls, and wings to hover in the air (though he cannot gain height early in the game). As he collects Crests, Firebrand can transform and gain new powers that are specialized for combat and exploration: Ground Gargoyle, Aerial Gargoyle, Tidal Gargoyle, Legendary Gargoyle, and Ultimate Gargoyle. Other items to collect include extra hit points, flasks and spell vellums for using consumable magic items, and talismans that can improve Firebrand's abilities.

Release
Demon's Crest was released in Japan on October 21, 1994. It was followed by a release in North America in November 1994.

In 2014, Demon's Crest was re-released on Nintendo's Virtual Console. In 2016, it was released for the 3DS Virtual Console. It is available for the Nintendo Switch with the console's online subscription service.

Reception
GamePro praised the macabre graphics and complexity of the gameplay, particularly the use of the acquired abilities, but criticized the repetitive music and lack of variety in enemy attacks. They summarized that "Demon's Crest brings depth and artistry to the action/adventure genre, making it one of the season's top SNES games". Electronic Gaming Monthly scored it 33 out of 40, with their four reviewers applauding the game's beautiful graphics and complex gameplay. Japanese video game magazine Famitsu gave it a score of 28 out of 40. Next Generation gave it a score of 3 out of 5, noting that the game is very short, and that most secret items are not needed to complete the game.

Joypad gave it a 79% score.

Nintendo Power praised the game, noting "excellent graphics, play control and game balance and sound".

In 2018, Complex listed Demon's Crest 59th on their "The Best Super Nintendo Games of All Time". They commented that Demon's Crest is like Castlevania, but with the abilities to fly and shoot fireballs, and they felt the game was "awesome". In 1995, Total! ranked the game 57th on their Top 100 SNES Games writing: "Almost an RPG but this platformer has more action then you can wave a demonic entity at." IGN rated Demon's Crest 44th in its Top 100 SNES Games.

title: Demon's Crest


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User:Marcog

Articles Edited

 * Ahupua'a - the old land division of Hawai'i shows up in some articles (like the one about Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park without explanation
 * Hamakua Coast - the North-Eastern coast of the Big Island of Hawai'i. A land of cliffs, rain, and slopes as far as the eye can see
 * Poliahu - one of the four snow goddesses of Hawai'i, she used to protect the Hamakua Coast of the Big Island of Hawai'i
 * Pololu Valley - my favorite valley on the island of Hawai`i, a gorgeous gorge, barely used, with a magnificent black sand beach. Unfortunately, it's a bit out of the way.
 * Castiglione della Pescaia - I lived there for years, and my father still lives there. A beautiful little town I have always loved.

title: User:Marcog