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Remsenburg, New York

Remsenburg is a hamlet located in the Town of Southampton, Suffolk County, Long Island, New York, United States.

There are no stoplights and very few commercial businesses.

History
As early as 1712, meadows in Speonk were leased to cattle-owners from Southampton. Most of the early settlers of Speonk came west from Southampton and Bridgehampton in the 1740s to clear the forests and build farms. During the 1880s, duck farms thrived in Speonk, but few survived past the turn of the century.

The name Speonk was inspired by a Native American word meaning high place. An 1897 Long Island Rail Road catalog listed Speonk, noting that that name "certainly sounds like the call of a frog." Some residents pressed to change the name to Remsenburg, to honor a prominent resident, Charles Remsen, who had donated a new Presbyterian Church. Today, both names remain in use, each covering different areas of the community. The area close to the bay is called Remsenburg, and the more bucolic inland area is still called Speonk.

During the twentieth century, its most famous resident was the English writer P.G. Wodehouse. He wrote many of the escapades of Bertie Wooster and his manservant, Jeeves, from a home on Basket Neck Lane in Remsenburg. Other residents of note include the songwriter Frank Loesser, who wrote for Broadway shows including Guys and Dolls; the playwright Guy Bolton, who collaborated with Wodehouse on Anything Goes; Marvel Comics editor Stan Lee; Sandy Becker, a New York children's television host, Dave Garroway, the original host of NBC's Today Show when it first aired in January 1952, and Leo-Arthur Kelmenson, advertising executive known for his association with Lee Iacocca and his advertising campaign for Chrysler. Remsenburg is an exclusive area, and many well known actress/actors/playwrights/directors live in this hamlet of Southampton.

Geography
Remsenburg is located at geographic coordinates 40° 48' 28" North, 72° 42' 32" West (40.807709, -72.708923). As Remsenberg is located within the Town of Southampton, County of Suffolk, and is in on the Atlantic Ocean and bay, it is considered to be geographically, historically, and culturally part of the Hamptons.

title: Remsenburg, New York


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Chenchu language

Chenchu language is a Dravidian language which belongs to the Telugu branch of its South-Central family. This language is spoken mostly in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana states in India by about 280,764 people (1981 census) of the Chenchu Aboriginal forests hunter-gatherer tribe. It is also called Chenchukulam, Chenchwar, Chenswar or Choncharu.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Chenchu language


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User talk:Importancenn

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title: User talk:Importancenn


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Leningrad Zoo

The Leningrad Zoo (Ленингра́дский зоопа́рк), sometimes called the Saint Petersburg Zoo or Sankt-Peterburgskiy Zoopark (Санкт-Петербу́ргский зоопа́рк), in Saint Petersburg (formerly Leningrad), Russia, is located in Alexander Park in the Petrogradskaya Storona. It was founded by Sofia Gerhardt and Julius Gerhardt in 1865. It has about 2,000 animals from 410 species, including polar bears. It is one of the oldest zoos in Russia, as well as the most northernly.

The zoo was renamed from "Zoological Garden" to "Leningrad Zoo" in 1952. In 1991 the name was retained, even after the city resumed its former name of Saint Petersburg, in commemoration of the zoo workers' deed of saving the animals during the Leningrad Blockade.

History
Saint Petersburg Zoological gardens, today called Leningrad Zoo, was one of the first zoos in Russia, and was opened in Alexander Park.

The first owners of Saint Petersburg zoo were Sofia and Julius Gebhardt. The zoological gardens fell into decline and closed in 1909. In 1910, S. H. Novinkov became the new owner of the zoo.

The zoo was nationalised in 1918.

World War II started. The zoo suffered greatly during the war, but did not stop its work even during the most difficult times of the Leningrad Blockade. The workers were able to save part of the collection of animals. In memory of the heroic actions of the workers who saved the zoo during the Leningrad Blockade, the zoo, disregarding the city's renaming to Saint Petersburg, remained named as Leningrad Zoo.

The zoo was opened permanently in the spring of 1944, and since development in the new area was not possible, restoration work began on the old site. The most intensive construction was carried out in 1951.

At this time, the majority of buildings and facilities were in unsatisfactory condition. Therefore, the decision was made to carry out complete renovation work, which started in 1967. Since the renovation was planned to last 3 to 5 years, the plan was to construct new buildings on site of the old ones. The fact that the work took such a long time was one of the main reasons for the decline of such an excellent collection of animals, and the majority of difficulties in the further acquisition of animals. The zoo lost both its elephant and hippo enclosures. The hippopotamuses were moved to Kiev, the rhinoceros was moved to Belarus, and the African elephant to Tashkent. By 1988 only 8 buildings had been built as part of the renovations. In 1996, construction of a Terrarium begun, but this was stopped due to lack of funding. This building was only opened for visitors in 2007, renamed as ‘Exotarium’, which houses fish, snakes, lizards, turtles, crocodiles and other animals. In 2005 the government developed a strategy to develop Leningrad Zoo at its historical site, where it is currently located.

Animal Exhibits

The zoo's current collection of animals consists of around 600 types of animals. Priority has been given to the smaller species which don't require a lot of space, as the zoo has limited area.

 * Predator's House is home to big cats such as jaguars, African lions, pumas and snow leopards. Inside the exhibit, there are open air winter cages for the lions and jaguars.
 * Primate's House houses a variety of primates, and includes lemurs, armadillos, and a few other that live in warm environments.
 * Exotarium covers two floors. The aquarium is located on the first floor, and is home to different types of coral, marine and freshwater fish and other aquatic life. The second floor houses reptiles and amphibians and insects, as well as a winter enclosure for birds, and other small predators.
 * Small Predator's House is open year round. This exhibit houses wolverines, martens, Pallas's cats, and other small predators.
 * European Forest Exhibit houses typical animals of the European forest, such as squirrels, hares, lynx, and beavers.
 * Tropical House houses porcupines, peccaries, parrots, squirrel monkeys and other species that require a warm environment.
 * Deer Circle has reindeer, Pere David's deer and elk.
 * Kangaroo and Emu Enclosure is a complex of enclosures, which house Bennett's tree-kangaroos and emus.
 * Educational Animals House is where the animals used in the zoo's lectures and educational programmes are housed, including lynx, steppe marmot, owls, foxes, amongst others.
 * Children's Zoo has domestic animals such as different breeds of chickens, geese, cows, rabbits, and turkeys.
 * House of Birds houses owls (hawk owl, Arctic owl, long-tailed and great grey owl and the eagle owl) as well as magpies, crows, peregrine falcon, western capercaillie, kestrel and other animals.
 * Birds of Prey Enclosure has a variety of different species, such as the white-tailed eagle, Steller's sea eagle, black vulture, raven, tawny eagle, saker falcon, and Andean condor.
 * Bird Pond is a large, round pond, which houses greylag and bar-headed geese, Canadian and barnacle geese, and whooper swans.
 * Camel Enclosure houses Bactrian camels, llamas and alpacas.

title: Leningrad Zoo


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Ranger (yacht)

Ranger was a J-class racing yacht that successfully defended the 1937 America's Cup, defeating the British challenger Endeavour II 4–0 at Newport, Rhode Island. It was the last time J-class yachts would race for the America's Cup.

Design
Harold Stirling Vanderbilt funded construction of Ranger, and she was launched on May 11, 1937. She was designed by Starling Burgess and Olin Stephens, and constructed by Bath Iron Works. Stephens would credit Burgess with actually designing Ranger, but the radical departure from the heavy displacement sailing yachts was attributal to Stephens himself who had first used the design in Dorade, winner of the 1931 Trans-Atlantic Race. Geerd Hendel, Burgess's chief draftsman, also had a hand in drawing many of the plans.

The hull was all-steel welded by a shielded arc process with a weight-saving aluminum, arc-welded, mast counterbalanced with a 110-ton lead keel supported by an arc-welded steel keel plate.

Ranger was constructed according to the Universal Rule that constrained the various dimensions of racing yachts, such as sail area and length. Often referred to as the "super J", Ranger received a rating of 76, the maximum allowed while still adhering to the Universal Rule.

Career
Ranger raced Endeavour II in the 1937 America's Cup, winning 4–0.

Ranger was scrapped between either 1941 or 1946 – sources differ.

Replica
Construction of a replica of Ranger was started at Danish Yacht Boatyard (by Royal Denship) in early 2002 and was completed in late December 2003. The original designs were used as the basis for the new boat but were updated to conform to the latest safety regulations and the requirement of the owner to cross oceans in comfort.

title: Ranger (yacht)


text:
User talk:Bish.dk

A welcome from Sango123
Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions; I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We're glad to have you in our community! Here are a few good links for newcomers:

 * If you haven't already, drop by the New user log and tell others a bit about yourself.
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 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
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Happy Wiki-ing!

-- Sango  123  17:12, August 22, 2005 (UTC)

P.S. Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you need help with anything or simply wish to say hello. :)

title: User talk:Bish.dk


text:
Trudoviks

The Trudoviks (Трудова́я гру́ппа) were a democratic socialist political party of Russia in the early 20th century.

History
The Trudoviks were a breakaway of the Socialist Revolutionary Party faction as they defied the party's stance by standing in the First Duma. They were founded and led by Aleksei Aladin, a Russian soldier. He was elected to the First Duma in 1906 but spent his later years in exile in the United Kingdom. Aladin was born in Simbirsk in 1873 to a peasant family and attended the same gymnasium as Lenin and Alexander Kerensky.

This agrarian socialist party was one of hundreds of small workers' circles that sprang up around Russia in the aftermath of the 1905 Revolution. While the revolution did not remove the Tsar, it certainly curtailed his power—but not to the extent of the democratic, liberal society that the revolutionaries had hoped for—and as result the party remained small, though it survived.

The Trudoviks are best known for winning seats in the State Duma, a national assembly created by Tsar Nicholas II in the aftermath of the 1905 Revolution. The seats they won were mainly in the 1st and 2nd assemblies in 1906 and 1907, when they gained over 100 seats. Alexander Kerensky, later Prime Minister of Russia under the Provisional Government in 1917, was elected to the Fourth Duma as a Trudovik in 1912.

Work in the Second Duma
From January 1907, the labor group vigorously set about election campaigning. Almost everywhere, it sought to unite all the left elements, sometimes together with the Cadets, against the Right and Octobrists, sometimes without the Cadets, against them and the Rights. In St. Petersburg, the bloc of all the leftists with the Cadets failed, but a block of leftists took place without the Cadets, and without social-dem. "Mensheviks". In St. Petersburg, this bloc was defeated, but collected 27% of all the votes cast and held electors in one of the 12 parts of the city of St. Petersburg (Vyborg). In the first days of the second Duma 55 active members were registered in the labor group, except for 14 members of the peasant union who joined it, and 19 deputies who declared themselves "sympathetic to the labor group." February 15–17, 1907 in Terioki the second congress of the labor group was held, attended by 52 delegates from various departments.

At this congress it was decided that the working group would merge with the peasant union and be called the "labor group and peasant union", representing a unified parliamentary faction, with a single committee. The draft platform of the group was considered, but it was not finally approved and was recognized as acting temporarily, until the revision at the III Congress. The Central Committee of the group remained the same, from the labor group, and was conducted to the Presidium of the Duma, Comrade Chairman, M.E. Berezin. Among the visitors of the labor group meetings was another comrade of the chairman, HH Poznansky (but after he was elected to the chairman's comrades).

In the first days of the State, the Duma's working group introduced a draft amnesty for political criminals, which was somewhat modified by the previous year's edition. The Duma group also introduced a draft of land reform, for which the group also took advantage of the previous year's project. Speakers of the labor group of the second Duma – Berezin, Karavaev, Bulota, Tikhvinsky, Kartashev, and others – stood out.

Almost always the labor group acted in the Duma together with the social-revolutionaries and socialists. It sought to create a permanent bloc of these three Duma factions and even merge them into one Duma faction, without destroying the party independence of each of them outside the Duma.

Subsequent Duma
The labor group continued to exist only as a parliamentary faction. In the elections to the Third and Fourth Duma, the Trudoviks spoke out from a bloc of Narodnik organizations and left-wing forces that stood on the basis of radical democratic reforms. In the Third State Duma Trudoviks received 14 seats, in the 4th - 10 seats.

Decay
After the June coup d'état in 1907, the work of the Trudoviks in the provinces ceased. By the time of the February Revolution of 1917, they united with the popular socialists and formed the Labor People's Socialist Party at the Sixth Congress of the Trudoviks [June 17–23 (June 30-July 6)) 1917]. The party supported the Provisional Government, and after the October Revolution of 1917 took an anti-Bolshevik position and soon disintegrated.

title: Trudoviks


text:
User talk:Sergeant zeno

A welcome from Sango123
Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions; I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We're glad to have you in our community! Here are a few good links for newcomers:

 * If you haven't already, drop by the New user log and tell others a bit about yourself.
 * Always sign your posts on talk pages! That way, others will know who left which comments.
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * Simplified Ruleset
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Wikipedia Glossary
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also the Topical index.

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Though we all make goofy mistakes, here is what Wikipedia is not. If you have any questions or concerns, don't hesitate to see the help pages or add a question to the village pump. The Community Portal can also be very useful.

Happy Wiki-ing!

-- Sango  123  17:13, August 22, 2005 (UTC)

P.S. Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you need help with anything or simply wish to say hello. :)

Wikipedia needs you
Hi,. You have helped with a number of articles in the past, but you haven't edited any articles in a while. Could you make some new contributions soon to help make Wikipedia better? I hope you decide to become a more active contributor again. Feel free to drop me a line on my talk page. -- ForteTuba 03:24, 25 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Check out the Community Portal to help you find articles that need work.

title: User talk:Sergeant zeno


text:
Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Pokémon/Style

MfD Result Notice
This page was the subject of an MfD discussion closed on 20 October 2007. The result was keep, but mark as historical. Xoloz 14:19, 20 October 2007 (UTC)

Name origin and TOC
Can we reach a consesus on wherther we want the name origin in the introduction or a separate section and subsequently, how we want to align our Table of Contents? Some users are doing it one way, some the other, can we decide 1 distict way please? --Celestianpower hab 17:13, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Personally, I'm not too fussed about the name origin but the looks highly out of place and unecessary. --Celestianpower hab 17:13, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I've been consolidating Name Origin because two-sentence headers look ugly. Personally, I like TOCleft but I wasn't going to put it in the Style Guide; it's a personal style thing (that I don't mind if you revert if you don't like it), not something all the articles need. - A Man In Black (Talk | Contribs) 22:47, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

In the video games/anime/manga/TCG
The "In the" comment is pointless, and would actually provide to lessen information; in the video games would imply content that's found inside of the video game itself, and not information referencing one of the Pokémon found in the game. - A Link to the Past (talk) 23:18, September 8, 2005 (UTC)

 * The header is phrased that way to make it clear that the section is in reference to the particular Pokémon's role in the video games/anime/manga/whatever, as opposed to the article being about a video game/anime/manga/whatever named, say, Charizard or Clefable. - A Man In Black (Talk | Contribs) 23:47, 8 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't think there is any confusion on that. In the video games doesn't reference information that isn't in the video games. - A Link to the Past (talk) 00:08, September 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Nevertheless, the headers are "In the (whatever)" because they are referring to the subject's role in the (whatever), rather than (whatever) of the same name as the subject. - A Man In Black (Talk | Contribs) 00:16, 9 September 2005 (UTC)
 * It could create a dispute over if content can be added. I doubt anyone will have a problem if it's referred to as "Video games". I think this is an unnecessary precaution. - A Link to the Past (talk) 00:22, September 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * How could it possible create a dispute over whether content could be added? - A Man In Black (Talk | Contribs) 00:35, 9 September 2005 (UTC)
 * In regard to content about the anime that's not in the anime, someone could argue that the title disallows the inclusion of content about something from the anime.
 * On a related note, do you think all of these variations of the list of Pokémon should be moved to Wikibooks? - A Link to the Past (talk) 00:38, September 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * In the extremely unlikely event that that happens, the person making that argument can easily be refuted by pointing out the fact that these sections are about the subject's role in the anime rather than simply collections of info from the anime.
 * As for the lists, yeah, I think it's Wikibooks material. If you want to get started transwiking them, I won't protest, but others might. You might want to bring it up at WP:PAC and/or WP:PCP instead of just being bold and doing it. - A Man In Black (Talk | Contribs) 00:55, 9 September 2005 (UTC)

Italics for TCG name?
Should "Pokémon Trading Card Game" be italized when mentioned in the "In other media" section? I.e.: Pokémon Trading Card Game. In the Style guide, it is not italized. Should it be? I have been italizing it in articles. -WindFish 08:04, 19 January 2006 (UTC)

Trivia

 * Bulleted lists look awful.
 * They encourage random addition of information, with no flow.
 * They encourage crufty, unencyclopedic trivia ("Beedrill appears in the background of episode #451.")
 * Anything that could go into a Trivia section could go into a pre-existing or new section, or doesn't belong in the article at all.

That's why. And a FA with a "Trivia" section is totally inappropriate, since it's one of the most common objections on WP:FAC. - A Man In Bl♟ck (conspire | past ops) 03:21, 8 April 2006 (UTC)
 * I agree to a certain extent but where do we put the name origin and nomes in other languages otherwise? We could do like they do here possibly? I'm not enamoured with a trivia section myself either but I couldn't think of a better way of doing it. --Cel es tianpower háblame 07:53, 8 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Absolutely nowhere. That table there is pure cruft, and isn't a mistake we should be making in Pokémon articles. - A Man In Bl♟ck (conspire | past ops) 14:52, 8 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Just to say something about the "Other Languages", I really don't think they should be around. I say this because mainly we're an English encyclopedia, and if you wanted the other language details, it'd be good to make interwiki links. The Japanese names are significant enough as Japan's the origin. I only followed the idea when it was illustrated in the Bulbasaur article merely because it was the article we were basing off. Some of the text put in there in the Marshtomp article though would be better suited to the introductory paragraph and relevant games, other media, manga and movie sections. --Tetsuya-san (talk : contribs) 02:11, 9 April 2006 (UTC)

"The" issue
Recently there has been an issue of editors repeatedly deleting "The (insert Pokemon name here)" from the start of each Pokemon creature article (see edit history of Dorapion for an example). I am trying to insert a policy voiding/defending "The" in hopes that it will tone down the issue, and am hoping that a discussion will take place concerning this. All thoughts appreciated. Erik the Appreciator 19:22, 16 July 2006 (UTC)
 * I feel that it looks far more professional and consistent if the sentence starts "Donphan are" not "The Donphan is". The policy is to refer to the Pokémon as plural most of the way through, so why should this be any different at the beginning? Thanks! —Cel es tianpower háblame 17:39, 17 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Apparently it's now as good to use "Cherimu" in the plural sense as "The Cherimu" in the species sense, as seen here:

 * Cherimu (チェリム) are one of the 493 fictional species of Pokémon creatures from the multi-billion-dollar Pokémon media franchise – a collection of video games, anime, manga, books, trading cards and other media, created by Satoshi Tajiri. The Cherimu is famous for being one of the Pokémon revealed before the Japanese release of Pokémon Diamond and Pearl, alongside the Pachirisu and the Dorapion. The purpose of the Cherimu in the games, anime and manga, as with all other Pokémon, is to battle both wild Pokémon, untamed creatures encountered while the player passes through various environments, and tamed Pokémon owned by Pokémon trainers.

 * If this is what's decided, that's fine. Once we have decided on something final, we should focus on implementing it into the style page so that we know how it should be done and that we have a page that we can redirect noobs to whenever they complain. Erik the Appreciator 23:17, 18 July 2006 (UTC)
 * No, no, no. We have to be consistent. It's "Cherimu are" in the first line, so it should be "Cherimu are" throughout, except of course when it's a single Chreimu. —Cel es tianpower háblame 10:28, 19 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Alright then, Cherimu are throughout the article. But does that mean that it applies to all the sections? It might mean that video game sections have to be written along the lines of "Cherimu are good at using Solarbeam because their appearance and power increase under Sunny Day" and anime sections are written as "A Cherimu appears in episode #460 under the ownership of (insert girl's name here)." Erik the Appreciator 19:19, 19 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Your example seems good to me. —Cel es tianpower háblame 19:43, 19 July 2006 (UTC)
 * That's how I wrote Torchic, and formatted Bulbasaur to follow. H ig hway Batman! 19:54, 19 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Okay, it's decided. Let's make sure that's reflected in the style page (if it isn't already) and write all the articles in that style, and the next time someone writes "Cherimu is", we just redirect them here. Erik the Appreciator 20:35, 19 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Assuming that the above decision is still in effect, the sample introduction needs to be fixed: it uses the singular instead of the plural throughout, and also uses the unnecessary "the" in a few places. I also think it's worth mentioning here that a number of individual Pokémon articles use the singular instead of the plural. Does this decision still stand, or has a new consensus been reached?~e.o.t.d~ 18:17, 13 November 2006 (UTC)
 * The singular has its advantages; for example, some species are described in the fiction as unique. Peter O. (Talk) 00:08, 20 November 2006 (UTC)
 * And everywhere in the text of those articles besides the introduction, they are referred to with the singular. The introduction, however, refers to the species in general (even if there is only one member of the species), and should be in plural.
 * Also, consider that legendaries are one-of-a-kind within each save file, but are certainly nothing of the sort in the world at large (our world), since everyone seems to catch the legendaries. Describing them in the singular (and, therefore, as the only member of their respective species) in the introduction is could technically be considered an in-world POV - a definite no-no. ~e.o.t.d~ 19:26, 20 November 2006 (UTC)


text:
User:Vashti/DreamGuy

Have I really only been editing here for eight months? It seems like forever.

 * March 21 2005, 12:11: I edit the psychological terminology used in Otherkin.

 * May 3 2005, 00:33: I edit a medical sentence in Otherkin, on the grounds that "claim" implies slight disbelief.  I then follow this up with a comment on Talk:Otherkin.

 * May 3 2005, 01:07: I expand the section on schizotypal personality disorder in Otherkin considerably, breaking WP:NOR in the process.  Again I comment on the talk page. .  I also add a link to DSM cautionary statement.
 * May 3 2005, 05:53: DreamGuy points out that the new section breaks NOR (using facts to make a case). While I don't accept this, given the claims that were then advanced elsewhere in the article, I make essentially the same responding arguments that are being used right now, including that there are no medical sources for linking otherkin with any form of mental illness.   I then rewrite the section to try and improve its neutrality. .  I leave a comment on the talk page, describing some research I've done and questioning some weasel wording used in the article.
 * May 3 2005, 16:19: DreamGuy removes a large section of my edit, claiming POV.  He then claims on the talk page that the edit was original research and soapboxing.  While he is correct that it violated NOR, this ignores that the entirety of the section also did so.   I respond with sources and citations to back up my claim.   DreamGuy then disappears  and is not seem on Otherkin or Talk:Otherkin again until July 27th.

---

 * Hipocrite attempts an edit on a controversial theme, which is not factually correct.
 * I attempt a rewrite for NPOV.

 * DreamGuy leaves a comment that violates WP:AGF, at the very least.
 * I respond.

---

Occasions when I have cited sources to back up my position:

 * I give a list of published sources with material on otherkin.

Trying to get DreamGuy to cite his sources:

 * 22:15, July 30: DreamGuy suggests that the claims made by otherkin should come under WP:NPOV.
 * 22:52, July 30: I suggest that perhaps WP:NPOV is more applicable than WP:NPOV. This comment is ignored.

 * 22:46, July 30: DreamGuy states that in many cases, otherkin beliefs are "directly the same as a psychological disorder".
 * 23:05, July 30: I ask DreamGuy to provide references for this claim.
 * 05:26, July 31: DreamGuy says that he's been trying to introduce neutral material, not to introduce claims of mental illness. He also insists that there are many "reputable sources", but neglects to provide any.
 * 10:24, July 31: I point out that all the material has been removed, and that the article now makes no claims of any kind.
 * 01:07, August 1: DreamGuy counters, accusing me of "quite substantially misinterpreting the situation here for your own POV purposes." The version of the article that I first edited is here; while I agree that I misremembered the thrust of the paragraph, DreamGuy has immediately assumed bad faith.
 * 01:13, August 1: I reply that DreamGuy has not cited his sources.
 * 09:44, August 1: DreamGuy states his position that clinical lycanthropy is a perfect match for otherkin, and that the only people who disagree are "otherkin believers trying to justify themselves". He cites no sources.
 * 11:43, August 1: I ask DreamGuy if he can provide any links to the full texts of the medical sources he's cited.

Medical perspectives section cut:

 * 09:35, August 1: DreamGuy notices that the medical section has been cut from the article.
 * 11:47, August 1: I state that I've archived the section as deleted, in case it needs to go back.
 * 11:53, August 1: User:SlimVirgin explains why she thought the section was original research.
 * 12:06, August 1: I state that there is no literature which has linked otherkin and clinical lycanthropy.
 * 12:16, August 1: SlimVirgin states that she's read the section and considers the whole thing to be pure original research.
 * 12:35, August 1: I state that there is no research on otherkin at all, and that what we have here is a conflict between two personal opinions.
 * 03:54, August 2: DreamGuy states his opinion again, saying that it is "not original research, that's just the facts", and that "Denying it is a highly POV act".
 * 04:12, August 2: User:Friday asks whether it's possible that clinical lycanthropy contains the only documented sources on otherkin.
 * 06:58, August 2: I paste this comment in, in case people have missed it (it hadn't been responded to).
 * 07:05, August 2: SlimVirgin asks DreamGuy to stop implying that people who disagree with him have an agenda, and to cite his sources so that an acceptable section can be developed.
 * 09:13, August 3: GabrielSimon says that the consensus appears to be to leave the section out.
 * 10:35, August 3: DreamGuy says that "there is a well documented mental disorder covering exactly this topic", and cites Clinical lycanthropy as his source. He states his opinion that therianthropes and otherkin clearly overlap with clinical lycanthropy.  Finally, he tells GabrielSimon that "his POV is already well established" and that he "isn't really reading the conversation".
 * 10:38, August 3: GabrielSimon asks DreamGuy to observe WP:CIVIL and to cite his sources.
 * 10:47, August 3: I repeat my request for links or copies of the medical sources, and disagree with DreamGuy's opinion.
 * 11:16, August 3: DreamGuy tells me to read the clinical lycanthropy article.
 * 11:22, August 3: GabrielSimon says that the issues are entirely unrelated.
 * 11:29, August 3: DreamGuy calls GabrielSimon "hugely biased".
 * 11:34, August 3: GabrielSimon again asks DreamGuy to be civil.
 * 11:45, August 3: DreamGuy says that the opinion that otherkin beliefs are a spiritual issue is "only the view of the true believers in it", and that another side is psychology.
 * 11:49, August 3: I disagree with DreamGuy about the relevance of the clinical lycanthropy article, and ask him if he's read the papers that he's citing.
 * 11:58, August 3: DreamGuy tells me I haven't read the article properly, ignoring my point about psychosis being part of clinical lycanthropy and my question about whether he's read the papers.
 * 12:10, August 3: I state that DreamGuy's opinion is not enough evidence of a connection, and my own opinion that clinical lycanthropy and otherkin beliefs are qualitatively different. <-- got to here

Merging the therianthropy section:

 * 04:19, August 2: Friday suggests merging the subculture section of Therianthropy to Otherkin.
 * 04:20, August 2: ... and asks what the difference is between the two subcultures.
 * 04:54, August 2: ... and then suggests that perhaps Otherkin should merge to Therianthropy.
 * 06:15, August 2: ... and then suggests definitions for each subculture.
 * 07:02, August 2: I agree with Friday's definitions, and propose merging all the pages under a neutral heading.
 * 09:39, August 2: User:Todfox supports merging all the pages under a neutral heading.
 * 14:38, August 2: Friday supports merging all the pages under a neutral heading.
 * 15:40, August 2: ...and states that it's a chance to rewrite all the articles from scratch for increased Wiki-soundness.
 * 16:27, August 2: Todfox creates a new section to discuss this, and asks whether we'd be coining a neologism with this plan.
 * 16:32, August 2: Friday suggests that "otherkin" and subcultural use of "therianthropy" are already neologisms.
 * 16:44, August 2: User:ContiE says that he likes the idea of creating a merged page as an overview, but thinks that the individual subcultures should retain their own detailed pages.
 * 16:54, August 2: Friday states his problems with the existing pages (WP:NOR, WP:CITE).
 * 17:07, August 2: I provide Google counts and print references to support the terms under question, and suggest that "non-human identity subcultures" is a page heading, not a neologism.
 * 17:29, August 2: ContiE suggests that this is an obscure topic which is hard to find good references for, but that that shouldn't necessarily lead to the excision of information.
 * 21:25, August 2: DreamGuy makes his first comment in this discussion. He says that he has "seen no consensus at all for the idea of merging all these articles into one" (,,  demonstrate at least an emerging consensus), and describes the idea of merging under a neologism as "absolutely ridiculous", describes the removal of the medical section as "nonsense" and the claims of original research regarding that section as "rather bizarre".  He then accuses Friday and myself of "an obvious calculated runaround of WP:NOR and WP:V".
 * 21:55, August 2: Friday says that anything would be better than the pages the article currently cites as sources.
 * 02:08, August 3: Todfox suggests that I should publish my own research on a website because it's not appropriate for Wikipedia.
 * 04:02, August 3: User:Gabrielsimon says that he doesn't like the idea of merging all the pages.
 * 04:41, August 3: SlimVirgin comments on appropriate use of sources.

Archival:

 * 07:57, August 3: I ask how much of the talk people people think we can reasonably archive.
 * 08:56, August 3: GabrielSimon says that the RFC is quiet.

Occasions when I have come around to DreamGuy's position, or proposed other concessions or compromises:

 * 22:46, July 31: I list some changes I've made in an attempt for improved neutrality.
 * 23:51, July 31: DreamGuy disagrees.
 * 00:30, August 1: I disagree back.
 * 01:13, August 1: DreamGuy still doesn't think the phrasing works.
 * 01:18, August 1: I still don't buy it.
 * 13:02, August 1: I take another look, agree with DreamGuy and change the article accordingly.

title: User:Vashti/DreamGuy


text:
The Neanderthal Parallax

The Neanderthal Parallax is a trilogy of novels written by Robert J. Sawyer and published by Tor. It depicts the effects of the opening of a connection between two versions of Earth in different parallel universes: the world familiar to the reader, and another where Neanderthals became the dominant intelligent hominid. The societal, spiritual, and technological differences between the two worlds form the focus of the story.

The trilogy's volumes are Hominids (published 2002), Humans (2003), and Hybrids (2003). Hominids first appeared as a serial in Analog Science Fiction, won the 2003 Hugo Award for Best Novel, and was nominated for the John W. Campbell Award the same year; Humans was a 2004 Hugo Award finalist. In 2017, the full trilogy was presented the Aurora Award for Best of the Decade.

The initial contact between the two worlds takes place at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory in Sudbury, Ontario, which is also the location of a scientific research facility in the Neanderthal world.

Terminology
As the books unfold, the term human is used to refer to both species; both species agree to use the Neanderthal terms—gliksin for members of Homo sapiens and barast for members of Homo neanderthalensis—to distinguish between them.

Plot
In Sudbury, Ontario, the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory is conducting a physics experiment. This is interrupted by the mysterious arrival of a strange man, who is believed by the people who meet him to be a Neanderthal. Geneticist Mary Vaughn, a professor at Toronto's York University, is called in to determine if the man really is a Neanderthal.

Mary is reeling from being recently raped by a masked man on the University campus, and finds this a welcome distraction along with the scientific opportunity of a lifetime. She works with her friend physicist Louise Benoit, who'd initially encountered the man. The two, plus physician Ruben Montego, learn that he is a Neanderthal from a parallel universe.

His name is Ponter Boddit, a quantum physicist who somehow passed into our universe as the result of an experiment gone wrong. Mary and Ruben are fascinated by the fact of his existence, and explore the many differences that distinguish his people from theirs. Meanwhile, Ponter's spouse and scientific partner, Adikor Huld, is distraught at his sudden disappearance, then doubly so after he's been accused of murdering Ponter due to his vanishing.

Long-term contact is eventually created between the two worlds, along with formal diplomatic relations. However, issues of distrust and misunderstanding plague the characters. Ponter and Mary forge a relationship as they strive for both their people's mutual benefit even as they struggle to work through profoundly different beliefs as a potential crisis looms for our Earth.

Barast society
The Barasts (Neanderthals) are dedicated hunter-gatherers, and have no developed concept of agriculture. Despite this, they are still technologically advanced, possessing quantum computers, helicopters, communications, and biological recording instruments. They live in harmony with their environment, using clean energy and keeping a constant population. They measure long periods of time in lunar months, not years. The total barast population is much lower, numbering only 185 million worldwide compared to the gliksins' (humans') more 6 billion.

Family life
Due to their advanced senses of smell, barasts are very sensitive to pheromones. Accordingly, women and men live in separate communities for 25 out of every 29 days. The four days when they do come together — known as two becoming one — are the cause of a monthly celebration and holiday. All barast women have synchronized menstrual cycles, and the meeting-times are set so that conception is unlikely — except every 10 years, when another generation is purposely conceived. Generations thus grow in synchronized, ten-year cycles; no barast needs to give his age, as simply stating his generation (if this is not simply inferred from his appearance) will give the needed information.

All children live with their mothers until they reach the age of ten; boys then go to live with their fathers. Children remain with their appropriate parent until the approximate age of 18. Despite this separation of sexes, the barast find the idea of considering either sex better than the other for any reason to be completely foreign (female barast do not suffer any large-scale physical incapacity due to pregnancy). The separation is a voluntary and cultural thing, and people of both sexes are free to go where the other lives at all times, but find it physically and socially discomfiting to do so when two are not one. However, facilities and living styles are fully and truly 'separate but equal' in barast society, and in the rare event that it is too difficult or resource intensive to do so (for example, large scale scientific facilities), this separation is ignored without incident.

While opposite-sex couples form long-term bonds similar to marriage, the same is true of life during the rest of the month. All barasts would consider themselves bisexual by the gliksin definition; they form same-sex bonds while two are not one. Thus each adult who so chooses, no matter their gender, has a man-mate and a woman-mate; one for procreation and the genetic family basis, the other for companionship and a family unit base when their opposite-sex partner is not present. The larger, intertwined family networks that result add cohesion to barast society.

Government and justice
The barast world has a single government hierarchy: each region of the globe is governed by a local Gray Council; these in turn answer to the High Gray Council, the world government.

About eight decades before the time of the novels, companion implants were perfected and issued to all barasts. These are comprehensive recording and transmission devices, mounted in the forearm of each person. Their entire life is constantly monitored and sent to their alibi archive, a repository of recordings that are only accessible by their owner, or by the proper authorities when investigating an infraction, and in the latter case only in circumstances relevant to the investigation. Recordings are maintained after death; it is not made clear what the reasoning is for this and under what circumstances and or by whom a deceased person's archive can be accessed.

Any serious crime has a single punishment: the castration of the offender and all others who share at least half his genes (parents, siblings, and children). This eugenic practice serves to keep any undesirable elements out of the gene pool without severely punishing an offender, beyond his loss of genetic heritage. Ponter explains that it also has the desirable secondary effect of eliminating an offender's violent impulses due to their lacking testosterone, and so they don't commit further crimes (how female offenders are punished isn't discussed).

As a result (coupled with the alibi archives making it nearly impossible for a person to get away with a crime or the innocent convicted), serious crimes of almost any sort are virtually unknown in the barast world. The exception is crimes committed by a partner. Because the punishment for such crimes, such as spousal abuse, would include the castration of the complainant's own children, these crimes are unreported. While divorce for barast is generally a simple matter of deciding and declaring not to be with another person, those in such relationships find themselves trapped, as freeing their partner to seek a new mate opens the possibility that the new mate will report the violent activity.

Because barast physical strength is much higher than that of a gliksin, any physical violence between them is almost certain to result in death or serious injury. They thus lack any direct physical confrontation sports and martial arts (the second is lacking additionally because barasts do not have many conflicts; they have had only one war in their recent history, with the loss of 83 people being considered a horrendous tragedy). Past political assassinations did not even require weapons, given their physical strength, since a barast could simply murder their target using their bare hands.

Any physical violence, if reported, results in immediate imposition of castration. However, because the punishment is so severe, these incidents are not always reported officially, and if the injured party is willing to forgive, and the aggressor undertakes counseling for anger management, an incident may go unpunished. Such incident is admissible in a future legal hearing as evidence of a prior disposition to violence, however. Legally, if an accusation is not formally made, there can be no trial.

Humans told of this practice are usually disturbed, given Earth's history of eugenics. Though the main purpose is to purge genes that could lead to criminality, it was once mentioned they had also sterilized people with low IQ in the past too, and raised theirs a standard deviation as a result.

Environment
Lower population levels and the absence of large-scale agriculture mean that many species exist which are extinct on the gliksin version of Earth. These include not only birds such as the passenger pigeon, but also megafauna such as the woolly mammoth. Also, forests and jungles are much more extensive because there was no need to cut them down on a large scale. Barasts have domesticated wolves as companions, but have not bred them into the many varieties of the domestic dog. A gliksin may become fearful upon seeing a barast dog, thinking it a wild wolf. A barast, seeing a gliksin's dog such as a dachshund, may wonder if the creature really is a dog.

It is heavily implied that the barasts did not spread to large areas of their world until after they had achieved a high level of civilization. One scene has a gliksin and a barast ancestor looking across the Mediterranean; the gliksin ancestor eagerly sets off to explore the new, strange place, while the barast ancestor notes its existence and goes home. This is consistent with their hunter-gatherer lifestyle which favors high levels of knowledge concerning the land and low migration, including a general avoidance of danger. Also, it is mentioned that barast are naturally of higher intelligence than gliksin, with average IQ being 10% higher before a several-generation eugenic campaign, during which the least intelligent 10% were voluntarily sterilized to increase the species intelligence (no data is given on the post-campaign IQ comparison). It is theorized that this difference is an additional reason for the lower occurrence of extinction events: because of their higher intelligence, the barast were able to recognize far earlier in their civilization that over-hunting would deplete a species.

The climate in the barast world is also somewhat cooler, because of the lack of greenhouse gases compared to the gliksins' Earth. Barasts are not as heat-tolerant as gliksins, probably because they evolved on a cooler Earth and also due to their greater muscle mass. As a result, tropical regions of their Earth are just as underpopulated as the polar regions on the gliksins' Earth. A significant story feature is the state of the Earth's magnetic field. In the barast world a reversal of polarity happened shortly before the story starts and caused no noticeable harm to the barasts. As to why the pole reversals are off by several years, it is ascribed to random small differences over the intervening 40,000 years. In the gliksin world it is happening as the stories take place; this has an effect on the minds of gliksins, whose brain structures are different from the barasts.

Language
With the use of computer-aided communication devices, readers get to see only a glimpse of barast language. A dooslarm basadlarm refers to something like a judicial preliminary hearing with a literal translation of "asking small before asking large." The phrase Dusble korbul to kalbtadu is translated as "In a quantum-computing facility." Barast language is rendered as English when the action takes place in the barast world. One aspect of the language which can be discerned through the use of words like "gristle!" and "marrowless bone" for curses is that this register of speech is derived directly from real-world items. The customary barast greeting is "Healthy day." Barast swear words do not invoke religion or sex (given they lack the former and do not have taboos on the latter) but food decay, such as "gristle" or "green meat".

Economy
The barasts do not have a monetary economy. Each person is given what they need when they need it, and in turn is expected to work at providing a meaningful 'contribution' to society. No barast would ever dream of attempting to take more than they need from society, and because of their stable population, there are no issues with scarcity (the population level was stabilized at the point it was in order to prevent such issues from even developing).

Barasts always consider their work in terms of how it contributes to society, and any work which does not contribute sufficiently is stopped. This leads to a lack of knowledge in certain areas, such as astrophysics, as such pursuits are stopped once they ceased to produce meaningful improvements in ordinary life. This also leads to some over-specialization, as driving is considered a specialized contribution and how to do so is known only to public conveyors whose sole contribution is to taxi people from point to point or to drive public buses.

Occasionally, a Barast may voluntarily remove themselves from society in order to continue work that has been deemed not meaningful or to protest when work is purposefully stopped as dangerous. This individual would move away from the community to an isolated area, and would thereafter support themselves. They would not be able to generally ask for assistance from the greater community, and would also in some cases remove their Alibi Archive implant as protest (so their life after leaving the community would not be recorded) or have it removed involuntarily (to prevent any further recording regarding dangerous work). This isolation is voluntary, and they can have visitors or opt to return to the community at any time, although returning requires that they resume providing a meaningful contribution (and cease any dangerous work, if that was the reason for leaving).

Medicine
Barast medicine has become largely automated, and most doctors, aside from first aid (excepting researchers), simply operate and maintain this technology. This technology is highly robust and is able to be adapted to Gliksin physiology fairly quickly after contact.

A notable difference in medical practice is a result of the lack of squeamishness displayed by the Barast. Rather than using anesthesia for surgery, this technology uses direct neural blocks to cut off signals from any body part being operated on while the operation is performed in full view of the doctor and the patient being operated on. The Barast do not find this disturbing in the least, which one Gliksin theorizes is because, as they are still a civilization completely composed of active hunters, they have been exposed to such scenes since childhood.

Additionally, given their strong sense of smell, barast surgeons do not wear face masks while performing surgery so they can use pick up any relevant olfactory factors to aid their work. One human undergoing surgery with them finds this unsettling as a possible hygiene risk.

Religion
The barasts have no religion and no concept of religion. This is not due to a simple disbelief or worldwide atheism. The barasts never had a religion and are not physically capable of believing in a god or gods or having religious experiences due to the structure of their brains. Prior to contact between the gliksins and the barasts, the barasts had no concept of a creator; an afterlife or souls never occurred to them. The barasts do not understand how the gliksins can possibly believe in the stories their religions tell, and are sometimes frustrated with the gliksins' insistence of the truth of their beliefs. Nevertheless, the barasts do accept religion as a part of who the gliksins are. The barasts also do not believe that the universe had a beginning and disbelieve in the theory Big Bang. Instead, they believe the universe has always existed, and can point to scientific evidence and verified theory to back up this belief. They believe that the gliksin theories concerning an origin of the universe exist because of the gliksin need to believe in a creator, and thus a beginning, which biases gliksin science so they misinterpreted the evidence. The story ends before any large-scale intermingling and rationalization of the two races' science can begin, so the ultimate outcome of detailed comparison between these viewpoints is unknown, though a magnetic pole reversal occurring on Earth causes a similar lack of religious/mystical belief to occur (following a surge) as human brains worldwide are affected (one result mentioned is peace in the Middle East as religious conflicts die out).

title: The Neanderthal Parallax


text:
Cyborg (film)

Cyborg is a 1989 American martial-arts cyberpunk film directed by Albert Pyun. Jean-Claude van Damme stars as Gibson Rickenbacker, a mercenary who battles a group of murderous marauders led by Fender Tremolo (Vincent Klyn) along the East coast of the United States in a post-apocalyptic future. It was followed by the sequels Cyborg 2 (1993) and Cyborg 3: The Recycler (1994).

Plot
A plague known as the living death cripples civilization. A small group of surviving scientists and doctors — located in Atlanta, home of the CDC — work on a cure to save what remains of humanity. To complete their work they need information stored on a computer system in New York City. Pearl Prophet volunteers for the dangerous courier mission and is made into a cyborg through surgical augmentation.

Pearl, accompanied by bodyguard Marshall Strat, retrieves the data in New York but is pursued by the vicious Fender Tremolo and his gang of pirates. Fender wants the cure so he can have a monopoly on its production. Strat, badly injured while fighting the pirates, tells Pearl to leave him and find a mercenary, known as a "slinger", who can escort her to safety. She gets cornered but is saved by a slinger named Gibson Rickenbacker. After she explains her situation, they are overrun by Fender's gang, and Gibson is knocked out by falling debris. Fender demands that she accompany him to Atlanta or die.

Fender's gang slaughters a family and steals their boat. They head south for Atlanta via the Intracoastal Waterway with the captive Pearl. Gibson, who had been tracking the pirates, arrives at the scene of slaughter later that night. A shadowy figure attacks him, but he disables her. She turns out to be Nady Simmons, a young woman who mistook him as a pirate. Nady, whose family was wiped out by the plague, joins Gibson. Gibson is less concerned with a cure for the plague than with killing Fender. Gibson and Nady trek southward through the wastelands, where bandits ambush them. Concerned for Nady, Gibson unsuccessfully attempts to convince her to stay away. After declining sex with Nady, Gibson reveals that all he cares about is revenge against Fender, who killed his lover and destroyed his chance to have a normal life and family.

Intercepting Fender and his crew near Charleston, South Carolina, Gibson defeats most of his men, but Fender shoots him with an air rifle. Now nursing a gunshot wound, Gibson realizes Haley (his dead lover's younger sister whom Fender kidnapped) is now a loyal member of Fender's crew. He flees the pirates and ends up alone with Pearl and Nady. Pearl refuses to go with him — she calculates that Gibson is not strong enough to defeat Fender and will be unable to get her to Atlanta safely. She says she will go along with Fender and lure him to his death in Atlanta, where she has resources at her disposal.

Tired, wounded and badly outnumbered, Gibson flees with Nady through the sewer into a salt marsh, where they are pursued by the rest of the pirates and eventually separated from each other. Gibson is thoroughly beaten by Fender and crucified high on the mast of a beached, derelict ship. Haley lingers at the scene but still leaves with Fender. Gibson spends the night on the cross. In the morning, near death, he kicks the mast repeatedly with his dangling foot in a last fit of rage. The mast snaps, sending him crashing to the ground, his arms still tied and nailed to the cross. Finally, Nady appears out of the marsh to free him.

Gibson and Nady intercept Fender once again in Atlanta, this time better prepared. Fender's gang is taken down one by one until he and Gibson face off. During their fight, Nady rushes Fender with a knife, but he stabs and kills her. Gibson in turn stabs Fender in the chest. Thinking him dead, Gibson embraces Haley, who, during the battle turned decisively against Fender. However, Fender gets back up, and they continue to battle in a nearby shed, where Gibson finally kills Fender by impaling him on a meat hook. Gibson and Haley escort Pearl to her final destination before heading back off.

Cast

 * Jean-Claude van Damme as Gibson Rickenbacker
 * Deborah Richter as Nady Simmons
 * Vincent Klyn as Fender Tremolo
 * Dayle Haddon as Pearl Prophet
 * Alex Daniels as Marshall Strat
 * Blaise Loong as Furman Vux / Pirate / Bandit
 * Ralf Möller as Brick Bardo (credited as Rolf Muller)
 * Haley Peterson as Haley
 * Terrie Batson as Mary
 * Jackson 'Rock' Pinckney as Tytus / Pirate

Production
Cannon Films initially intended to make a sequel to the 1987 He-Man film Masters of the Universe and a live-action Spider-Man film. Both projects were planned to be shot simultaneously by Albert Pyun. Cannon, however, was in financial trouble and had to cancel deals with both Mattel and Marvel Entertainment Group, the owners of He-Man and Spider-Man, respectively. Cannon had already spent $2 million on costumes and sets for both films and decided to start a new project in order to recoup that money. Pyun wrote the storyline for Cyborg in one weekend. Pyun had Chuck Norris in mind for the lead, but co-producer Menahem Golan cast Jean-Claude van Damme. The film was shot for less than $500,000 and was filmed in 23 days. The film was shot entirely in Wilmington, North Carolina.

Several of the characters' names are references to well-known manufacturers and models of guitars and other musical instruments:
 * Gibson Rickenbacker: Gibson, Rickenbacker
 * Fender Tremolo: Fender, Tremolo arm
 * Marshall Strat: Marshall Amplifiers, Fender Stratocaster
 * Les: Gibson Les Paul
 * Pearl Prophet: Pearl drums, Prophet 5 synthesizer
 * Nady Simmons: Nady Systems, Inc. and Simmons electric drums

After the success of Bloodsport, Cannon films offered Jean-Claude van Damme the lead in Delta Force 2, American Ninja 3 or Cyborg. He chose the latter although he later admitted that he did not like that film so much.

Jackson "Rock" Pinckney, who played one of Fender's pirates, lost an eye during filming when Jean-Claude van Damme accidentally struck his eye with a prop knife. Pinckney sued Van Damme in a North Carolina court and was awarded $485,000.

Violent scenes were heavily cut to gain an R rating rather than an X, including a throat-slitting and some blood and gore during the village massacre. Also excised was the death of a man Van Damme was fighting, which caused an inconsistency that made him look like he suddenly disappeared.

Release
Cyborg was released in the United States on April 7, 1989. In the Philippines, the film was rereleased as First Hero on August 16, 1995, with "Re Issue" written in small print within the credits of the poster.

Comic book
To coincide with the film's home video release, Cannon published a one-shot comic book. Narration largely follows the action of the film, although the final fight ends on a cliffhanger. Credited to author Noah Sirk and artists Mike Van Cleave and Pete Von Sholly, it also features behind-the-scenes articles and interviews. The comic was reprinted for limited editions of the film published by French company ESC and Austrian-German company Plaion.

Critical response
Cyborg received a generally negative reception from critics despite the box office success. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports a 22% positive score based on 18 reviews and an average rating of 3.5/10. On Metacritic the film has a weighted average score of 24 out of 100, based on 8 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews". The film debuted at number four at the American box office and went on to gross $10,166,459.

Sequels
Cyborg 2, starring Elias Koteas and Angelina Jolie, was released in 1993. Cyborg 3: The Recycler, a direct-to-video release, followed in 1995. Both films bear little to no relation to the first film and were heavily panned by critics, even more than the original.

Alternate cut
In 2011, director Albert Pyun's Curnan Pictures got hold of the missing tapes of the original cut of Cyborg through Pyun's original choice for score artist, Tony Riparetti. This director's cut of the film features Pyun's editing and previously unreleased scenes. It is commercially available through the director himself. Pyun's director's cut was released in 2014 in Germany with the film's original title "Slinger".

In popular culture
American rapper Method Man sampled most of Fender's opening words as the opening lyrics in the song "Judgement Day" from his 1998 album Tical 2000: Judgement Day. The lyrics are slightly modified. The intro is also in the opening of the song "World Damnation" by the death metal band Mortician. The intro of Fender talking about death and starvation is thought as the official opening of metal band Chimairas' song "Resurrection". It is often played at live shows as an intro. The same intro is also played the beginning of a song by Australian, Christian, gore-grindcore band Vomitorial Corpulence.

title: Cyborg (film)


text: Category:Venezuelan sculptors

title: Category:Venezuelan sculptors


text:
User:Langohio

langohio is principal editor of the "Hanns Eisler" article on Wikipedia and also a contributor to other pages related to German history and politics with particular reference to the former German Democratic Republic (East Germany). His blog is at http://langohio.blogspot.com.

title: User:Langohio


text: User talk:141.154.249.110

title: User talk:141.154.249.110


text:
Liga ASOBAL

Liga Asobal is the premier professional handball league in Spain. It was founded in 1958 with the name of División de Honor, changing its name to the current name in 1990. The Liga ASOBAL, which is played under EHF rules, currently consists of 16 teams, including famous ones like FC Barcelona, Ademar León, Bidasoa and Granollers.

Famous handball players who have played in the league include Jackson Richardson, Talant Dujshebaev, Staffan Olsson, Mikhail Yakimovich, Ólafur Stefánsson, Oleg Kisselev, Alberto Urdiales, Mateo Garralda, Enric Masip, Iñaki Urdangarin, David Barrufet, Kristian Kjelling, Mikkel Hansen, Petar Metličić, Ivano Balić, Juanín García, Mats Olsson, David Davis, László Nagy, Raúl Entrerríos, Alberto Entrerríos, and many others.

History

 * The "División de Honor" Handball championship was created in 1958 and was managed by the Spanish Handball Federation (FEBM) until 1990. ASOBAL (Handball Clubs Association) was formed in 1984. In 1990, ASOBAL took control of the División de Honor and renamed it Liga ASOBAL.
 * FC Barcelona have won every championship since 2011, in part due to the disbandment of previous top clubs Ciudad Real and Portland San Antonio.
 * The 13-time champions Granollers have not won the title since the 1973–74 season.

Championship rules
Each team of every division has to play with all the other teams of its division twice, once at home and the other at the opponent's stadium. This means that in Liga ASOBAL the league ends after every team plays 30 matches.

Like many other leagues in continental Europe, the Liga ASOBAL takes a winter break once each team has played half its schedule. One unusual feature of the league is that the two halves of the season are played in the same order—that is, the order of each team's first-half fixtures is repeated in the second half of the season, with the only difference being the stadiums used.

Each victory adds 2 points to the team in the league ranking. Each drawn adds 1 point.head-to-head. At the end of the league, the winner is:
 * 1) The team that has most points in the ranking.
 * 2) If two or more teams are level on points, the winner is the team that has the best results
 * 3) If there is no winner after applying the second rule, then the team with the best overall goal difference wins.

All-time Liga ASOBAL table

 * Updated at completion of 2017–18 season.

League or status at 2018–19 season:

EHF coefficients
The following data indicates Spanish coefficient rankings between European handball leagues.

EHF League Ranking for 2021/22 season:
 * Country ranking:

 * 1. (1) 🇩🇪 Handball-Bundesliga (133.67)
 * 2. (4) 🇫🇷 LNH Division 1 (132.83)
 * 3. (3) 🇪🇸 Liga ASOBAL (95.83)
 * 4. (4) 🇭🇺 Nemzeti Bajnokság I (94.83)
 * 5. (5)  Macedonian Handball Super League (93.00)

EHF Club Ranking as of 3 March 2019:
 * Club ranking:

 * 1. Barcelona (1002)
 * 25. Ademar León (346)
 * 28. La Rioja (317)
 * 32. Granollers (295)
 * 52. Anaitasuna (165)

title: Liga ASOBAL


text:
Arnaldus de Villa Nova

Arnaldus de Villa Nova (also called Arnau de Vilanova in Catalan, his language, Arnaldus Villanovanus, Arnaud de Ville-Neuve or Arnaldo de Villanueva, c. 1240–1311) was a physician and a religious reformer.

He is credited with translating a number of medical texts from Arabic, including works by Ibn Sina Avicenna, Abu-l-Salt, and Galen.

Biography

Arnaldus' place and date of birth are debated: some historians believe he was born in Villeneuve-lès-Maguelone, a village near Montpellier; others are doubtful, because there are also towns of the same name in Aragon such as Villanueva de Jiloca, in the Kingdom of Valencia (now in Spain), in Catalonia, in Languedoc, or in the Provence. Regardless, he is known in Catalonia, Valencia, and Balearic Islands by the name "Arnau de Vilanova," and it is certain that he wrote most of his works in Catalan (Confessió de Barcelona, Raonament d'Avinyó). Whatever the reality, Arnaldus had a great reputation as a doctor, theologian and alchemist.

He studied medicine in Montpellier until 1260. He traveled through France, Catalonia, and Italy, as part doctor, part ambassador. He lived at the court of Aragon and was the personal doctor of the King of Aragon from 1281. At the death of Peter III of Aragon in 1285, he left Barcelona for Montpellier where he taught at the School of Medicine.

He was the master of the school of medicine of Paris between 1291 and 1299. His fame as a doctor was immense: among his patients were three popes and three kings. He was the first physician that used alcohol as an antiseptic.

Influenced by Joachim of Fiore, he claimed that in 1378 the world would end and the Antichrist would come (De adventu Antichristi, 1288). He was condemned by the University of Paris in 1299, accused of heresy, and imprisoned for his ideas of church reform. He was saved through the intervention of Boniface VIII, whom Arnaldus had cured of a painful illness. He was once again imprisoned in Paris around 1304, under pope Benedict XI. The Sorbonne ordered his philosophical works to be burned.

He became an ambassador for James II, king of Aragon and Sicily. He sought refuge from the Inquisition at the court of Frederick III in Sicily, and was later called to Avignon as a doctor for pope Clement V. He is certainly behind the papal bull of 8 September 1309, which required of medical students knowledge of some fifteen Greco-Arabic treatises, including ones by Galen and Avicenna.

In 1311 he was summoned to Avignon by Pope Clement V, but he died on the voyage off the coast of Genoa. The inquisitor of Tarragona condemned him, and fifteen of his propositions were censured. Arnaldus also bequeathed several of his books to the Carthusian monastery of Scala Dei to which he had already dedicated one of his books.

Writings
Arnaldus was also thought to be an alchemist: the door to his house in Montpellier, France, had carved depictions of a roaring lion and dragon biting its own tail (an Ouroboros), both alchemical symbols, and several renowned alchemists recognized him as an adept. He was also known as an astrologer.

Many alchemical writings, including Rosarius Philosophorum, Novum Lumen, or Flos Florum, are also ascribed to him, but they are not authentic. Collected editions of them were published at Lyon in 1504 and 1532 (with a biography by Symphorianus Campegius), at Basel in 1585, and at Lyon in 1686. He is also the reputed author of important medical works, such as Speculum medicinae and Regimen sanitatis ad regem Aragonum, but many others, such as Breviarium Practicae, were falsely attributed to him. In addition, he wrote many theological works for the reformation of Christianity in Latin and in Catalan, some of them including apocalyptical prophecies.

A list of writings is given by J. Ferguson in his Bibliotheca Chemica (1906). See also U. Chevalier, Repertoire des sources hist., &c., Bio-bibliographie (Paris, 1903).

title: Arnaldus de Villa Nova


text: User talk:167.196.94.7

title: User talk:167.196.94.7


text:
Sugar Creek, Indiana

Sugar Creek is an unincorporated community in Moral Township, Shelby County, in the U.S. state of Indiana.

The community took its name from Sugar Creek, which flows southward in the area just west of the community.

Geography
Sugar Creek is located at 39.64056°N, -85.91306°W.

Climate
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Sugar Creek has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

title: Sugar Creek, Indiana


text:
Wildberg, Baden-Württemberg

Wildberg is a town in the district of Calw in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

History
Wildberg was founded by County of Hohenberg around 1281 at the foot of a castle built around 1200 by the County Palatine of Tübingen. Over the course of the 14th century, Wildberg became a possession of the Electoral Palatinate, who sold it and the towns of Schönbronn, Sulz am Eck, and Gültlingen to the County of Württemberg in 1440. The latter town would not be fully controlled by Württemberg until 1445, when it purchased the properties of other local nobles. These towns would exist in their own district until 1807, when the government of the Kingdom of Württemberg assigned them to Oberamt Nagold, which was dissolved in 1938 and replaced by Landkreis Calw. After World War II, Effringen, Gültlingen and Sulz am Eck established new residential areas but it was not until the 1970s that Wildberg also began growing. In 1971, Schönbronn merged into Wildberg and was followed four years later by Effringen, Gültlingen and Sulz am Eck. Growth slows in Gültlingen, Schönbronn, and Sulz am Eck, but continued in Wildberg into the 1990s.

Geography
The township (Stadt) of Wildberg is situated on the eastern edge of the district of Calw, in the German state of Baden-Württemberg, and lies along the border with the district of Böblingen to the east. Wildberg is physically located in the valley of the Nagold, between the Northern Black Forest to the west and the Upper Gäu to the east. Elevation above sea level in the municipal area ranges from a high of 638 m Normalnull (NN) to a low of 356 m NN.

Portions of the Federally protected Gebersack, Gültlinger und Holzbronner Heiden, and Hülbe bei Sulz nature reserves are located in Wildberg's municipal area.

Politics
Wildberg has five boroughs (Ortsteile) – Effringen, Gültlingen, Schönbronn, Sulz am Eck, and Wildberg – and nine villages: Haselstaller Höfe, Käpfleshöfe, Kengelhöfe, Lerchenberg, Obere Papiermühle, Reuthin, Trölleshof, Untere Papiermühle, and Untere Sägmühle. Also located in the municipal area are the minor administrative area of Ziegelhütte and the abandoned villages of Berfeldingen, Gaisburg, and Weiler.

Coat of arms
The municipal coat of arms of Wildberg is divided party per fess into an upper, white half containing a black Hirschstange, and a lower, red half containing a white "W". The fields and the overall red-white tincture are taken from the arms of the Counts of Hohenberg and first began appearing in town seals in 1297. The "W" became a local motif some time before 1660, first appearing in local seals in 1593. The stag antler is also a long-lived local motif and was first used around 1612. The municipal coat of arms was approved on 26 January 1976 by the Federal Ministry of the Interior and a municipal flag issued to Wildberg.

Transportation
Wildberg is connected to Germany's network of roadways by Bundesstraße 463 and its system of railways by Nagold Valley Railway. Local public transportation is provided by the Verkehrsgesellschaft Bäderkreis Calw, which provides connections to the Stuttgart S-Bahn at Gärtringen and Herrenberg and to the Ammer Valley Railway at Tübingen.

title: Wildberg, Baden-Württemberg


text:
Tamil Nadu Agricultural University

Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU) is the state agricultural university of Tamil Nadu in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.

Academics
The university offers 13 undergraduate programs, 40 graduate programs and 27 doctoral programs. As the university switched over to the e-learning from the academic year 2007, it was made compulsory for first-year students to procure personal laptops.

Rankings
Internationally, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University was ranked 301–350 in Asia by the QS World University Rankings of 2023. It was ranked 1501+ in the world by the Times Higher Education World University Rankings of 2023, 501+ in Asia in 2022 and the same among emerging economies.

Constituent colleges
The university has 15 constituent colleges:

Timeline

 * 1868: Agricultural School was started at Saidapet, Chennai (Madras).
 * 1906: The Saidapet Agricultural School was shifted to Coimbatore and foundation stone laid for Madras Agricultural College.
 * 1908: Students were admitted to education program leading to Licentiate in Agriculture (L. Ag.)
 * 1909: Opening of Agricultural College and Research Institute (AC & RI) by Sir Arthur Lawley.
 * 1920: The AC & RI was affiliated to Madras University. A new course of study leading to a three-year degree in Agriculture -B.Sc. (Ag.) was started.
 * 1945: Second Agricultural College was started at Bapatla (Now in Andhra Pradesh).
 * 1958: Regional Post-Graduate Centre was established to offer programs leading to master's degree in Agriculture & Horticulture. In Annamalai university, Agriculture teaching started leading to award of M.Sc.(Ag)in Horticulture first of its kind in India.
 * 1960: Integrated system with four year B.Sc. (Ag) degree program after pre-university education was introduced and subsequently doctoral programme in Agriculture was started.
 * 1965: Third Agricultural College was started at Madurai, Tamil Nadu and the Masters program at Madurai was introduced during 1969.
 * 1971: The Tamil Nadu Agricultural University came into existence with Coimbatore as its headquarters. The first vice chancellor Dr.G.Rengasamy was from ANNAMALAI UNIVERSITY which was having Faculty of Agriculture from 1958 onwards teaching agriculture and horticulture.
 * 1972: A separate Faculty of Horticulture was established and a degree program in Horticulture - B.Sc. (Hort.) was introduced. The College of Agricultural Engineering was established at Coimbatore and a bachelor's degree program in Agricultural Engineering - B.E.(Ag) was introduced.
 * 1973: Doctoral program was introduced in Horticultural College and Research Institute, Coimbatore.
 * 1975: Faculty of Post Graduate Education was established in TNAU, Coimbatore and master's and doctoral (1978) programs were started in Environmental Sciences and Biotechnology.
 * 1976: The Madras Veterinary College became constituent unit of TNAU and B.V.Sc. degree program was suitably restructured*.
 * 1977: Bachelor's degree (B.F.Sc.) program in Fisheries Science at Thoothukudi was started*.
 * Masters and doctoral program in Agricultural Engineering was introduced.
 * 1980: Bachelor's degree (B.Sc. (H.Sc.)) in Home Science was launched in Madurai Campus.
 * 1981: Master's program was introduced in Home Science College & Research Institute, Madurai and doctoral program in 1988.
 * 1989: Doctoral program in Agriculture was introduced in Agricultural college & Research Institute, Madurai; Masters program introduced in Forest College & Research Institute, Mettupalayam and Horticultural College & Research Institute, Periyakulam.
 * 1990: Master's program in Agriculture was introduced in Agricultural College & Research Institute, Killikulam, Thoothukudi district, Tamil Nadu and Doctoral program in Forest College & Research Institute, Mettupalayam.
 * 1998: B.Tech. (Food Process Engineering) introduced as self-supporting program.
 * 2002: B.Tech. (Horticulture) and B.Tech. (Agriculture Biotechnology) introduced as self-supporting programs.
 * 2004: B.Tech. (Energy and Environmental Engineering) introduced as a self-supporting program.
 * 2005: Centennial celebrations of AC&RI, Coimbatore.
 * 2006: B.Tech. (Bioinformatics) introduced as a self-supporting program.
 * 2007: B.Tech. (Agricultural Information Technology) and B.S.(Agribusiness Management) introduced as a self-supporting programs. Nanotechnology introduced in undergraduate curriculum.
 * 2008: Dual Degree Masters Program with Cornell University, Ithaca, USA introduced. Dual degree option with Dalhousie University, Canada established for undergraduate program in B.Tech.(Environmental Landscape Horticulture)
 * 2011: B.Sc. (Sericulture) introduced. M.Tech. (Ag.) in Nanotechnology introduced and M.Tech. in Environmental Engineering introduced.
 * 2012: Masters program introduced in Plant Genetic Resource and Remote Sensing.
 * 2017: Ph.D. (Agri) in Nano Science and Technology introduced.

Notable alumni

 * M. S. Swaminathan, Father of Green revolution in India
 * C. Sylendra Babu IPS, DGP and former Head of Police Force, Tamil Nadu Police
 * K. Ramasamy
 * Thenkachi Ko. Swaminathan
 * K. C. Palanisamy
 * M. Mahadevappa
 * G. Dhinakar Raj
 * V. K. Pandian IAS (in constituent college at Madurai)

In popular culture
The college premises and campus in the movie Sillunu Oru Kaadhal is the agricultural university in Coimbatore.

title: Tamil Nadu Agricultural University


text:
Farlow, Shropshire

Farlow is a small village and civil parish in Shropshire, England. The population at the 2011 census was 445.

The chapelry of Farlow was an exclave of Herefordshire, part of the hundred of Wolphy. It is now part of Shropshire, after being transferred by the Counties (Detached Parts) Act 1844.

Nearby is the small town of Cleobury Mortimer. The village of Oreton lies in the parish.

title: Farlow, Shropshire


text:
Phoenix Zoo

The Phoenix Zoo opened in 1962 and is the largest privately owned nonprofit zoo in the United States. Located in Phoenix, Arizona, the zoo was founded by Robert Maytag, a member of the Maytag family, and operates on 125 acre of land in the Papago Park area of Phoenix. It has been designated as a Phoenix Point of Pride.

The zoo has over 1,400 animals on display and contains 2.5 mi of walking trails. It is divided into four main themed areas or trails: The Arizona Trail (American Southwest flora and fauna), the Africa Trail (animals from Africa), the Tropics Trail (residents of the rain forests), and the Children's Trail, which includes a petting zoo.

The zoo has been conservation minded from its inception. Soon after it opened, it hosted what was thought to be the last few Arabian oryx, which formed the basis of the world herd created for Operation Oryx and eventually allowed the reintroduction of the species into the wild. It now includes a sanctuary to care for animals that are endangered or unwanted.

History
The Phoenix Zoo began as a personal project of Robert Maytag, who formed the Arizona Zoological Society (now the Arizona Center for Nature Conservation) with the intention of opening a zoo in Phoenix; before this time, there were a few modest proposals to establish a zoo in the fast-growing city, but none moved past the discussion stage.

Although Maytag died unexpectedly a few months before its opening, the zoo opened on schedule on November 21, 1962. It was originally named the "Maytag Zoo", but was renamed the following year to "Phoenix Zoo" to identify it more closely with the community. The zoo was established on the site of a fish hatchery operation built as a Works Progress Administration project in the 1930s, and operated by the Arizona Game and Fish Department until 1959. The zoo has always been a privately owned, non-profit venture.

Although the zoo had some financial struggles in the early 1960s, it grew substantially during the 1970s as it added numerous new exhibits, landscaping features, and visitor amenities. The 1980s saw continued growth, with the addition of African Savanna habitat areas, a children's zoo, a new entrance complex, and other exhibits. During this time, the zoo also underwent a renovation project to divide it into four themed zones (called "trails"), featuring different types of exhibits.

The zoo expanded again in 1998 with the opening of Harmony Farms, home to a petting zoo and many domestic farm animals. In 2000, the zoo opened Desert Lives, and in 2004 it added a new primate walk-through exhibit called Monkey Village. In November 2006, aquatic species were added to the zoo with the opening of Stingray Bay. In November 2009, two Komodo dragons were brought to the zoo as a part of the zoo's capital campaign. In April 2011, as a part of the zoo's capital campaign, Orang-Hutan: People of the Forest, the new orangutan exhibit opened to the public.

Areas and attractions
The Phoenix Zoo has four major themed areas, or "trails", where visitors can experience exhibits representing different areas of the world and their native wildlife: the Arizona Trail, the Africa Trail, the Tropics Trail, and the Discovery/Children's Trail.

Arizona Trail
The Arizona Trail is designed to emulate the wildlife and plant life of the state of Arizona. It features several plants native to the Sonoran Desert including the saguaro cactus, and animals such as the turtle, coyote, collared peccary (more commonly known as the javelina), cougar, golden eagle, bobcat, snowy egret, raven, horned lizard, rattlesnake, black-tailed prairie dog, ringtail, turkey vulture, California condor, thick billed parrot, Sonoran pronghorn, and the Mexican wolf.

Africa Trail
The Africa Trail showcases many of the most popular animals in the world, including the African painted dogs, hamadryas baboon, mandrill, ostrich, mhorr gazelle, white rhino, Grévy's zebras, greater flamingo, otters, nyalas, porcupines, Aldabra giant tortoises, Abyssinian ground hornbills, turacos, warthogs, red river hogs, lions, lappet-faced vultures, amur leopards spotted hyenas, fennec fox, cheetahs, reticulated and Masai giraffes. The Desert Lives (pronounced like "life") trail, diverts off of the Africa Trail before and after the lion and hyena exhibits, and features bighorn sheep and Arabian oryx among the natural buttes.

Tropics Trail
The Tropics Trail has two parts. The inner trail following the lake is home to the "Tropical Flights" aviary as well as Bornean orangutans and the common squirrel monkeys of "Monkey Village". The outer tropics trail passes by the Komodo dragons in the "Land of the Dragons" exhibit, Asian elephants, an Indian rhinoceros, a jaguar, sun conures, American alligators, scarlet ibises, Galápagos tortoises, Chacoan peccary, Chilean flamingos, greater rheas, black howler monkeys, maned wolf, iguanas, anteaters, gibbons, lemurs, Sumatran tigers of the "Isle of the Tiger" exhibit, and an assortment of tropical birds such as: hornbills, parrots, Victoria crowned pigeons, pheasants, and green peafowl. It includes the Forest of Uco, a lush rainforest landscape that surrounds visitors along a 1-mile walking trail and includes reproductions of a South American mercado and a scientific expedition and ruins, and highlights several tropical animals including the Andean bear, saki monkey, scarlet macaws tarantulas, toco toucans, green aracaris, boa constrictors and blue-billed curassows.

Children's Trail
The Children's Trail lets children get close to many small animals from around the world, including emus, a red-necked wallaby, a calamian deer, siamang gibbons, reticulated pythons, spectacled owls, goats, cattle, sheep, horses, and golden lion tamarins.

Next to the Wallaby Walkabout is a rectangular display called "Feel the Difference", with three vertebrate charts (reptile, fish, and amphibian), and an invertebrate chart created by Frank Schaffer Publications.

Continuing on the trail will take you through Harmony Farm, featuring many farm animals, a petting zoo, and demonstrations on farming and agriculture oriented toward children.

Hunt Bass Hatchery House ("Ruby's House")
The Hunt Bass Hatchery Caretaker's House was built in 1936 and is located in the Phoenix Zoo grounds. Following the Great Depression, Governor George W. P. Hunt (Arizona's first elected governor) commissioned a bass fish hatchery to be established in Papago Park during 1932. The hatchery was built as a Works Progress Administration (WPA) project. The hatchery, operated by the Arizona Game and Fish Department, was a success, and was in operation until 1959 (as it was considered obsolete by this time); around this time, the state of Arizona ceded the majority of Papago Park to the City of Phoenix.

The City of Phoenix leased the hatchery grounds, including its man-made lakes, to the Arizona Zoological Society in 1962 to establish the Zoo. The hatchery property was listed in the National Register of Historic Places on 23 January 2003, reference: #02001723. The Caretaker's House was renovated in the late 1990s, and is now known as "Ruby's House", as it is dedicated to the memory of Ruby, the famous painting elephant at the zoo (see her biography below). Ruby's House has become a popular venue for weddings, receptions, and other special events.

Other attractions
In addition to the trails, the zoo has several specialty attractions.
 * Stingray Bay was opened in November 2006, and included more than 30 cownose rays and southern stingrays in a 15,000 gallon "touch tank." The "touch tank" lets visitors to touch the rays, whose barbs have been trimmed for safety. The exhibit is now permanent after installation of equipment to adjust water temperatures in the summer. In October 2007, bamboo sharks were added to the exhibit.
 * An endangered species carousel is featured by the Leapin' Lagoon Splash Pad.
 * The Safari Train provides a nonstop guided tour of the zoo.
 * Camel rides.
 * Giraffe Encounter
 * ZooLights – an annual December lighting show, which began in 1991.

Programs
The zoo has a wide array of youth programs and animal encounters, including field trips, Night Camp, an outreach program which includes a zoomobile for outreach to locations outside the city, a summer camp, and a large volunteer program for teenagers 13–17, known as the Zooteen program.

Conservation efforts
Since opening in 1962, the zoo has focused on animal conservation efforts. Programs at the Phoenix Zoo include captive breeding for reintroduction (for instance the Arabian oryx, black-footed ferret, Mexican wolf, Ramsey Canyon leopard frog, and thick-billed parrot, sanctuary for animals that are no longer breeding (for instance the African painted dogs at the zoo), and rescue and rehabilitation (for instance lead poisoning treatments for the California condor).

The Phoenix Zoo participates in the Species Survival Plan (SSP) for 29 species with the Association of Zoos and Aquariums. The goal of the SSP is to engage in animal husbandry and research projects for selected species that are in need of conservation efforts.

Reintroduction
In its first years, the zoo hosted a captive breeding program ("Operation Oryx") with the specific goal of reintroducing the almost extinct Arabian oryx to the wild. By the early 1990s this program was still one of only two programs (the other being the golden lion tamarin) to have gone through the full wilderness-zoo-wilderness sequence. Nine oryx had been caught or donated for the breeding program. However, two pairs were delayed, so the "World Herd" was started in Phoenix in 1963 with only five animals shipped to the zoo and two born quickly after. The two delayed pairs arrived in 1964 to increase the herd to 11 individuals. The program was very successful, and the zoo celebrated its 225th Arabian oryx birth in 2002. The Arabian oryx became extinct in the wild in 1972, and reintroduction efforts were started in 1982 when oryx were released to the wild in the Omani Central Desert and Coastal Hills. Additional captive herds have been discovered and used as the basis for reintroductions, for instance in Saudi Arabia, but there has been some interbreeding even with these herds and most of the Arabian oryx in the wild today have ancestors from the Phoenix Zoo.

Sanctuary
The zoo provides sanctuary to many animals that need a place to live for various reasons. Some (like the Arabian oryx, Bali mynah, rhinoceros hornbill, Mexican gray wolf, and white rhinoceros) participate in captive breeding programs, some (such as the African spotted dogs) have retired from such programs and need a home, some have behavioral problems, and some are being rehabilitated to return to the wild. Animals that are in of sanctuary are treated somewhat differently from other animals by the zoo. While normal exhibits balance the needs of the animals with those of visitors (for example, incorporating large viewing areas), the sanctuary exhibits are almost completely focused on the comfort and well-being of the animals.

After the 1998 death of Ruby, the zoo's famous painting elephant, the zoo abandoned its elephant breeding program and began to focus on elephant behavior. The zoo is currently home to three Asian elephants that have a variety of behavioral issues, the most common being aggressive toward other elephants. One elephant is a former performer at a circus and was subject to mistreatment, while the other two were captured in remote regions where they were never properly socialized.

Rescue and rehabilitation
The zoo provides lead poisoning treatment for California condors from the Grand Canyon area. These birds are one of the most endangered species on the planet, having at one time been reduced to 22 individuals in the wild. In February 2006, they treated a female (#149) who had been released in the 1990s and her son (#304) who survived a very rare birth in the wild. Both birds were captured in the Grand Canyon region and brought back to the zoo to be treated. A California condor (#133) was still being treated for lead poisoning at the zoo as of March 2010.

Ruby the elephant
The Phoenix Zoo garnered worldwide attention for one of its animals, an Asian elephant named Ruby. Ruby came to the zoo in 1973, just months after being born in Thailand. After noticing Ruby doodling in the sand with sticks, her keeper decided to give her a brush and paint. Ruby quickly became known for her paintings, the sales of which raised over US$200,000 for the zoo. Art collectors all over the world joined 18-month waiting lists and paid hundreds of dollars for original prints.

In 1997, Ruby became pregnant. Near the end of her 22-month pregnancy, veterinarians discovered that the calf was dead. Ruby's uterus had ruptured, and the calf had slipped out and into Ruby's abdomen. Due to complications during the surgery to remove the 320-pound fetus, Ruby had to be euthanized.

Fundraising for redesign
A Phoenix municipal bond election in March 2006 provided $2 million to the project, marking the first time the zoo has received public funds in its history. On 8 June 2006, then-zoo director Jeff Williamson announced a major fund-raising drive over the next 10 years to update the zoo's infrastructure and many of its aging exhibits. The zoo needs to raise $70 million to complete the project. In 2009, a shorter term goal is to raise $20 million by 2012 to pay for a number of improvements that are already under way.

Controversies
In 1997, then-zoo director Jeff Williamson merged some departments of the zoo in a business move that was intended to provide a clearer direction for zoo operations. Many of the zoo's approximately 350 volunteers interpreted the merger as an elimination of volunteer training efforts. As a result, more than half of them left the zoo by 1999.

In May 2005, a veterinarian named Kris Nelson filed a series of complaints against the zoo regarding animal care and management. Her complaints were backed by two former zoo employees: a chief veterinarian and an animal nutritionist. The complaints stated that dozens of animals had been harmed or died as a result of poor management, feeding practices, and quarantine procedures. Another veterinarian, 15-year zoo employee Kathy Orr, discounted many of Nelson's claims as being either invalid, or having been corrected already.

The following June, an independent committee of zoological experts from other areas of the country cleared the Phoenix Zoo of the charges. In a published report, the committee outlined some minor flaws in the zoo's operation, but reported no "serious deficiencies".

title: Phoenix Zoo


text:
Category talk:Wuxia

Kill Bill
This is an insult. Who did type Kill Bill into category Wuxia? Just because there are "sword" and "fight", you can't say a story as wuxia. You won't say The Matrix is an example of wuxia. Kunderemp 17:19, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

I have to agree. Jackie Chan made a lot of martial arts films but not all of them can be considered Wuxia. All in favor of removing Kill Bill? --68.123.159.1 07:06, 4 February 2006 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Wuxia