text:
Talk:John Tavener

Tudor?
Am I right in thinking JT is a direct descendant of the Tudor JT? If so the article should say so. Ben Finn 20:43, 1 May 2006 (UTC)

 * The only times I've ever heard it discussed, it was stated that the 2 are not related. --Centauri 22:34, 1 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Way back, in our early teens at Highgate School, Tavener told me he was descended from the Tudor JT, adding that the latter's name had an extra "r" in it (I then proceed to look Taverner up in The Oxford Companion to Music and suggested he should be ashamed of an ancestor that had gone pillaging monasteries - I wouldn't suggest any such thing now!). John of Wood Green (talk) 23:41, 26 June 2013 (UTC)
 * There is now at least 1 reference for this (and there are other articles that mention him stating this) but the WP article states he "claimed" to be descended from the Tudor JT.  Shouldn't a more neutral wording be to say that "he stated during his life that was a direct descendant of..." rather than "claim" ?  Using the word "claim" makes it sound as if his  statement of his belief or personal knowledge may have been proven wrong somewhere.  If his repeated and documented statement has been challenged and proven to be incorrect, that fact should be noted.  Given that he has so recently passed away and that he was knighted, I feel the most NPOV wording might be what I suggested above or something similar.  All that wording is asserting as fact, is that modern JT states that he was a direct descendant of Tudor JT; it doesn't suggest that it is a proven fact.  it's simply a kinder and more accurate way to give the information.  He didn't "claim" this.  Rather,  he made statements he either assumed to be true or knew were true.  We try to save words like "claim" and "purportedly" for obviously suspect assertions of fact.  it's just a suggestion.  Please discuss or think about it and make the change if you feel it is correct.  I will leave article as is since his genealogy isn't something I know much about. LiPollis (talk) 08:03, 14 November 2013 (UTC)

Orthodox church
A friend told me that it is not true that John Tavener has left the Orthodox church. Are you sure he has? What is the source? --12.75.232.116 20:26, 29 July 2006 (UTC)

I have the same question. As far as I know he is still Orthodox, and I couldn't find anything useful by Googling. The most recent New Grove article says nothing about him leaving the church. Could someone please provide a source for this statement? Antandrus (talk) 22:18, 29 January 2007 (UTC)

I found a few articles and websites that comment on the matter.
 * Tavener's comment on his 2003 | Ikon of Eros suggests a positive attitude toward Islam: "Islam says God is beautiful and he loves beauty…and the only reason to write music at all is to reach that beauty…which is unreachable by the way."
 * His Lament for Jerusalem combines Jewish, Christian, and Islamic texts, suggesting his attitude has been not so much a "break" as an "opening."
 * 2004 article on rift with Orthodox spiritual adviser, | here or | here. Quotes from Tavener:
 * "I love the Koran and I wanted to write something that was an affirmation of Islam rather than these terrible negations that one sees everywhere."
 * "I like going to church less and less. It strikes me now that all religions are as senile as one another. But I do pray within my heart all the time."
 * | 2005 project using Islamic material
 * Account of a June 2006 performance of | The Veil of the Temple

I'm a newcomer to Tavener's music, so am hesitant to weigh in on this issue (yet). But I'll close with this link to Tavener's | program note to The Hidden Face, which perhaps says as much as all the links above about his stance toward Orthodoxy, Islam, and God. -- Rob C (Alarob) 04:06, 4 February 2007 (UTC)

British or English?
The introductory paragraph has been amended to state that John Tavener is a "British composer", not an "English composer". I'm just curious as to what was wrong with "English composer". The editor said that this was "as per Michael Nyman", but I don't understand what is meant by this. Cheers, Jacklee 02:41, 13 April 2007 (UTC)

Having thought about the matter, I agree that it's better to indicate that Tavener is a "British" rather than an "English" composer, since he has British nationality. Cheers, Jacklee 16:27, 23 May 2007 (UTC)

Work list
Any chance of a more comprehensive list of works? Chubbles 01:31, 6 August 2007 (UTC) Go to www.chesternovello.com —Preceding unsigned comment added by 143.117.23.221 (talk) 15:38, 24 November 2007 (UTC)
 * I have a bio that I could source a list to. The article is surprisingly lacking, in general. Ceoil 01:34, 6 August 2007 (UTC)

 * I just ran across this Columbia Encyclopedia article whilst looking for something else.  Perhaps it would be of interest to this article. I noticed, for instance that it mentions several major works that the article has not included.  Hope this helps! Godofbiscuits (talk) 14:17, 28 February 2008 (UTC)

Why doesn't Thunder Entered Into Her rate a mention? http://www.allmusic.com/composition/thunder-entered-her-for-chorus-organ-mens-chorus-handbells-mc0002418274 David Hill's performance and recording of this with Winchester Cathedral Choir was amazing and surely it has to be one of Tavener's most moving works? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 173.195.4.76 (talk) 16:31, 18 June 2014 (UTC)
 * Do add something about it if you wish. Alfietucker (talk) 17:37, 18 June 2014 (UTC)

Hasn't worked since 2007
Towards Silence was recently premiered, so he is still working. 212.84.96.11 (talk) 19:14, 6 October 2009 (UTC)

 * You're mistaken. The premiere was delayed as Paul Robertson was also seriously ill. See --Peter cohen (talk) 19:29, 6 October 2009 (UTC)

Improving the article
Would it be advantageous to split out of the biography the detailed discussion of his musical style and its evolution? I'd love to add some comments from obituaries but there's no framework to hang them on. Also, I think we should remove the unreferenced Career highlights section, integrating premieres that are not otherwise mentioned into the main Biography section. Espresso Addict (talk) 01:49, 13 November 2013 (UTC)
 * Good suggestions. I've separated out paragraphs into a new "Music" subsection - hope that helps. Unfortunately RL commitments mean I haven't time to integrate the "Career highlights" section into the main article, or to continue citation hunting for now. Please feel free to continue. Alfietucker (talk) 11:00, 13 November 2013 (UTC)

As I read the Project_composers page, there isn't supposed to be an info box until there's consensus on the talk page. Anyone object to adding an info box? Ndovu (talk) 17:46, 29 November 2013 (UTC)

The Veil of the Temple
I created an article for this piece, as it's John Tavener's single biggest work. Any contributions would be welcome Tom pw (talk) 22:36, 13 November 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:John Tavener


text:
Scolopendra gigantea

Scolopendra gigantea, also known as the Peruvian giant yellow-leg centipede or Amazonian giant centipede, is a centipede in the genus Scolopendra. It is the largest centipede species in the world, with a length exceeding 30 cm. Specimens may have 21 or 23 segments. It is found in various places throughout South America and the extreme south Caribbean, where it preys on a wide variety of animals, including other sizable arthropods, amphibians, mammals and reptiles.

Distribution and habitat
It is naturally found in northern South America. Countries from which verified museum specimens have been collected include Aruba, Brazil, Curaçao, Colombia, Venezuela (including Margarita Island) and Trinidad. Records from Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands, Hispaniola (both Haiti and the Dominican Republic), Mexico, Puerto Rico and Honduras are assumed to be accidental introductions or labelling errors.

Scolopendra gigantea can be found in tropical or sub-tropical rainforest and tropical dry forest, in dark, moist places such as in leaf litter or under rocks.

Behavior and diet
It is a carnivore that feeds on any other animal it can overpower and kill. It is capable of overpowering not only other invertebrates such as large insects, worms, snails, spiders, millipedes, scorpions, and even tarantulas, but also small vertebrates including small lizards, frogs (up to 95 mm long), snakes (up to 25 cm long), sparrow-sized birds, mice, and bats. Large individuals of S. gigantea have been known to employ unique strategies to catch bats with muscular strength. They climb cave ceilings and hold or manipulate their heavier prey with only a few legs attached to the ceiling. Natural predators to the giant centipedes include large birds, spiders, and arthropod-hunting mammals, including coati, kinkajou, and opossum.

Venom
At least one human death has been attributed to the venom of S. gigantea. In 2014, a four-year-old child in Venezuela died after being bitten by a giant centipede which was hidden inside an open soda can. Researchers at Universidad de Oriente later confirmed the specimen to be S. gigantea.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Scolopendra gigantea


text:
Sylvania Waters, New South Wales

Sylvania Waters is a suburb in southern Sydney located in the state of New South Wales, Australia, 21 km south of the Sydney central business district in the local government area of Sutherland Shire.

History
Politician Thomas Holt (1811–1888) owned the land that stretched from Sutherland to Cronulla. Holt had built Sutherland House on the foreshore of Gwawley Bay in 1818, on the eastern side of Sylvania, which took its name from the original wooded vegetation. The word "Sylvania" comes from the Latin word sylvan or sylva which means "forest land".

He established the Sutherland Estate Company in 1881 and a village grew there, with a post office opening in 1883. The school opened in 1884 but closed in 1891 and was not reopened until 1925. Sylvania Heights Public School opened in 1955.

Sylvania Waters Estate was developed by LJ Hooker in the 1960s, with much of the land reclaimed from the bay, effectively destroying the mangrove ecosystem to provide water frontages with boating facilities. James Goyen won the tender to design the estate, construct the houses, and promote the new suburb. Streets of the development were named after Australian rivers – such as Shoalhaven, Tweed, Murrumbidgee, Hawkesbury and Barwon – to emphasize the association with water.

Commercial area
Sylvania Waters is mostly residential, with three small shopping strips located on Belgrave Esplanade: Sylvania Shopping Village near Box Road, Sylvania Shopping Centre near Murrumbidgee Avenue, and the Richmond Centre near Richmond Avenue. Doltone House is a function centre close to Sylvania Shopping Village.

Sport
Sylvania Waters is home to the Sylvania Waters Athletics Track, a state-of-the-art facility which holds many local and state events. Next to this is the Sylvania Waters Tennis Court Complex and the home ground of the Southern Districts Rugby Club.

Culture
Sylvania Waters was a 1992 reality television program which followed the lives of the Donaher family living at Macintyre Crescent. The suburb became infamous when the series screened across Australia and then internationally.

One of the artificial islands in Sylvania Waters (James Cook Island) was used in the filming of the movie Superman Returns (2006) as the location of Lois Lane's house.

Demographics
In the, Sylvania Waters had a population of 3,125 people. The median age of residents was 41 years, slightly older than the national median of 37. Children aged under 15 years made up 18.3% of the population, and people aged 65 years and over made up 16.9% of the population. Almost one-third (32.3%) were born overseas, similar to the national average of 30.2%. The top countries of overseas birth were China 4.5%, England 2.2%, Hong Kong 2.0%, New Zealand 1.9%, and Egypt 1.8%. 62.7% of people spoke only English at home; the next-most-common languages spoken at home were Greek, 8.0%, Cantonese 5.4%, Mandarin 3.8%, Arabic 3.8%, and Italian 2.7%. The most-common responses regarding religious affiliation were Roman Catholic 29.7%, Anglican 16.7%, Eastern Orthodox 16.3%, no religion 13.8%, and Buddhism 3.3%. The great majority (78.9%) of households in Sylvania Waters are separate houses, 8.8% were semi-detached, row or terrace houses, townhouses etc., and 12.3% were flats, units, or apartments. The average household size was 2.9 people.

title: Sylvania Waters, New South Wales


text:
Talk:John Taverner

"Other composers came to write instrumental works modelled on this"
I was under the impression that instrumental works "In Nomine" by various composers were not modelled on this section - they had in practice a number of different parts, resulting in In Nomines à 4, à 5, à 3, etc. ... but rather quoted a (specific) memorable melody from the Taverner work. Though it is true that their texture, with this melody tending to occupy a plainchant-like place, was similar (if sometimes in the bass, sometimes alto, etc.) - again so far as I know, which is not all that far?...

Also, re Taverner the opera being based on the life of ... I think that's rather like saying Palestrina the opera is based on the life of Palestrina. Something like: A highly mythified version of a portion of the life of is better than "based", sometimes, and much more accurate. Schissel | Sound the Note! 12:26, 3 June 2009 (UTC)

"one of the most important English composers of his era"?
Surely, given his nationality (i.e. English, not German, Italian, etc) he is one of the most important English composers of all time? Was he much known outside England in his day, by the way? 188.141.10.11 (talk) 17:57, 5 September 2015 (UTC)

Picture
the imageattop right is described as a 'possible likness'. isn't it more of a caricature? one hopes the poor bugger didn't actually look like that.Toyokuni3 (talk) 20:09, 6 August 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:John Taverner


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Cumann na mBan

Cumann na mBan (literally "The Women's Council" but in English termed The Irishwomen's Council), abbreviated C na mB, is an Irish republican women's paramilitary organisation formed in Dublin on 2 April 1914, merging with and dissolving Inghinidhe na hÉireann, and in 1916, it became an auxiliary of the Irish Volunteers. Although it was otherwise an independent organisation, its executive was subordinate to that of the Irish Volunteers, and later, the Irish Republican Army.

Cumann na mBan was active in the War of Independence and took the anti-Treaty side in the Civil War. Cumann na mBan was declared an illegal organisation by the government of the Irish Free State in 1923. This was reversed when Fianna Fáil came to power in 1932.

During the splits in the republican movement of the later part of the 20th century, Fianna Éireann and Cumann na mBan supported Provisional Sinn Féin in 1969 and Republican Sinn Féin in 1986.

Foundation
In 1913, a number of women decided to hold a meeting in Wynn's Hotel, Dublin, for the purpose of discussing the possibility of forming an organisation for women who would work in conjunction with the recently formed Irish Volunteers. A meeting led by Kathleen Lane-O'Kelly (née Shanahan) on 2 April 1914 marked the foundation of Cumann na mBan. Branches, which pledged to the Constitution of the organisation, were formed throughout the country and were directed by the Provisional Committee. The first branch was named the Ard Chraobh, which held their meetings in Brunswick Street before and after the 1916 Easter Rising.

Aims
The constitution of Cumann na mBan contained explicit references to the use of force by arms if necessary. At the time the Government of Ireland Bill 1914 was being debated and might have had to be enforced in Ulster. The primary aims of the organisation as stated in its constitution were to "advance the cause of Irish liberty and to organize Irishwomen in the furtherance of this object", to "assist in arming and equipping a body of Irish men for the defence of Ireland" and to "form a fund for these purposes, to be called 'The Defence of Ireland Fund'".

Membership
In addition to their local subscriptions (i.e. involvement in other nationalist associations or organisations), members of Cumann na mBan were expected to support the Defence of Ireland Fund, through subscription or otherwise. Its recruits were from diverse backgrounds, mainly white-collar workers and professional women, but with a significant proportion also from the working class. In September 1914, the Irish Volunteers split over John Redmond's appeal for its members to enlist in the British Army. The majority of Cumann na mBan members supported the rump of between 10,000 and 14,000 volunteers who rejected this call and who retained the original name, the Irish Volunteers. A few Cumann na mBan branches affiliated directly to Redmond's National Volunteers; other ex-members joined short-lived Redmondite associations, like the Volunteer Aid Association, or the "Women's National Council" formed by Bridget Dudley Edwards in 1915.

Role in the 1916 Easter Rising
On 23 April 1916, when the Military Council of the Irish Republican Brotherhood finalised arrangements for the Easter Rising, it integrated Cumann na mBan, along with the Irish Volunteers and Irish Citizen Army, into the 'Army of the Irish Republic'. Patrick Pearse was appointed Commandant-General and James Connolly Commandant-General of the Dublin Division.

On the day of the Rising, Cumann na mBan members, including Winifred Carney, who arrived armed with both a Webley revolver and a typewriter, entered the General Post Office on O'Connell Street in Dublin with their male counterparts. By nightfall, women insurgents were established in all the major rebel strongholds throughout the city except Boland's Mill and the South Dublin Union held by Éamon de Valera and Eamonn Ceannt.

The majority of the women worked as Red Cross workers, couriers or procured rations for the men. Members also gathered intelligence on scouting expeditions, carried despatches and transferred arms from dumps across the city to insurgent strongholds.

Some members of Cumann na mBan were also members of the Citizen Army and as such were combatants in the Rising. Constance Markievicz is said to have shot and killed a policeman at St Stephen's Green during the opening phase of the hostilities. She carried out sniper attacks on British troops and with Mary Hyland and Lily Kempson, was among a small force under Frank Robbins which occupied the College of Surgeons opposite the Green and failed to retrieve rifles that were believed to be held there by the college's Officer Training Corps. Helena Molony was among the Citizen Army company which attacked Dublin Castle and subsequently occupied the adjacent City Hall, where she and other women sniped.

At the Four Courts the women of Cumann na mBan helped to organise the evacuation of buildings at the time of surrender and to destroy incriminating papers. More typical was the General Post Office (GPO), where Pearse insisted that most of them (excluding Carney, who refused to leave the injured James Connolly) leave at noon on Friday, 28 April. The building was then coming under shell- and machine-gun fire and many casualties were anticipated. The following day the leaders at the GPO decided to negotiate surrender. Pearse asked Cumann na mBan member Elizabeth O'Farrell (a mid-wife at the National Maternity Hospital) to act as a go-between. Under British military supervision she brought Pearse's surrender order to the rebel units still fighting in Dublin. Over 70 women, including many of the leading figures in Cumann na mBan, were arrested after the insurrection and many of the women who had been captured fighting were imprisoned in Kilmainham; all but twelve had been released by 8 May 1916.

After the Rising
Revitalized after the Rising and led by Countess Markievicz, Cumann na mBan took a leading role in popularising the memory of the 1916 leaders, organising prisoner relief agencies and later in opposing conscription and internment. They took a lead role in organising the Lá na mBan mass anti-conscription protest on 9 June 1918.

Cumann na mBan members canvassed for Sinn Féin in the 1918 general election, in which Countess Markievicz was elected Teachta Dála. Jailed at the time, she became the Minister for Labour of the Irish Republic from 1919 to 1922. During the Anglo-Irish War, its members were active. They hid arms and provided safe houses for volunteers, helped run the Dáil Courts and local authorities, and in the production of the Irish Bulletin, official newspaper of the Irish Republic. In the Irish elections of May 1921, Markievicz was joined by fellow Cumann na mBan members Mary MacSwiney, Ada English and Kathleen Clarke as Teachtaí Dála.

The Treaty
On 7 January 1922 the Anglo-Irish Treaty was approved by the Second Dáil by a close vote of 64–57. On 5 February a convention was held to discuss this, and 419 Cumann na mBan members voted against as opposed to 63 in favour. In the ensuing Civil War, its members largely supported the anti-Treaty Republican forces. Over 400 of its members were imprisoned by the forces of the Provisional government which became in December 1922 the Irish Free State. Some of those who supported the Treaty changed the name of their branches to Cumann na Saoirse, while others retained their name but gave allegiance to the Free State Government.

After the Treaty
Cumann na mBan continued to exist after the Treaty, forming (alongside Sinn Féin, the Irish Republican Army, Fianna Éireann and other groups) part of the Irish republican milieu. The government of the Irish Free State banned the organisation in January 1923 and opened up Kilmainham Jail as a detention prison for suspect women.

In February 1923, 23 women members of Cumann na mBan went on hunger strike for 34 days over the arrest and imprisonment without trial of Irish republican prisoners (see 1923 Irish Hunger Strikes). That strike resulted in the release of the women hunger-strikers. In March 1923, 97 women went on hunger strike in Kilmainham Gaol after all of their privileges had been denied without explanation (that hunger strike ended later in the month with the restoration of privileges).

Its membership strength was adversely affected by the many splits in Irish republicanism, with sections of the membership resigning to join Fianna Fáil, Clann na Poblachta and other parties. Máire Comerford, a lifelong member from 1914, reflected in later years that it became a 'greatly weakened organisation' that 'gathered speed downhill' from the founding of Fianna Fáil in 1926.

What strength the organisation had left after 1926 was sapped again when post-1926 president Eithne Coyle repeatedly tried to resign in the late 1930s during World War II in protest against the Sabotage Campaign being waged by the IRA. Coyle objected to the IRA bombing British industrial targets in Northern Ireland and England due to risks posed to civilians. Her resignation was rejected by Cumann na mBan several times before they eventually conceded in 1941.

Deaths of Cumann na mBan members

 * Josephine "Josie" McGowan, aged 20 died as a result of a beating by a police constable at an anti internment rally in Dublin on 22 September 1918.
 * Margaret Keogh, aged 19, was killed on 10 July 1921 (the night before the Truce came into effect). She was trying to remove arms from her home in Irishtown, Dublin, while Black and Tan raids were being carried out. One of the bullets fell in the fire, exploded, and hit her, fatally wounding her. She was the only Cumann na mBan member to be killed in the War of Independence.
 * Margaret McAnaney was accidentally shot dead by an IRA Volunteer at Burnfoot, County Donegal on 31 May 1922.
 * On that same day Margaret McElduff died of an accidental gunshot wound in County Tyrone.
 * On 4 August 1922 Mary Hartney died as a result of an Irish Free State Army artillery barrage in the town of Adare, County Limerick.
 * On 18 November 1922 Lily Bennett was shot and killed at a Republican Prisoners Defense Committee public rally on O'Connell Street, Dublin.
 * On 8 April 1923 a Free State soldier shot and killed Cumann na mBan member Margaret "Maggie" Dunne (aged 26) in Adrigole, West Cork, in an apparent act of reprisal.
 * Annie Hogan from Cratloe, County Clare died as a result of a hunger strike in Kilmainham jail. She had been released in September 1923 and died a short time later.

Present day

Cumann na mBan supported the Provisional wing in the 1969/70 split in the IRA and Sinn Féin. Sinn Féin vice-president and leading Cumann na mBan member Máire Drumm was shot dead by loyalists in 1976. In Northern Ireland Cumann na mBan was integrated into the mainstream Irish Republican Army during the conflict, although the organisation continued to exist.

In 1986, Cumann na mBan opposed the decision by the IRA and Sinn Féin to drop the policy of abstentionism and aligned itself with Republican Sinn Féin and the Continuity IRA. In 1996, RSF general secretary and Cumann na mBan member Josephine Hayden was jailed for six years on charges relating to the possession of a sawn-off shotgun and a revolver.

In 2014 Cumann na mBan celebrated the Centenary of their foundation in Wynn's Hotel, Dublin, where they were founded in 1914.

Cumann na mBan is a proscribed organisation in the United Kingdom under the Terrorism Act 2000, but it is not listed as a Foreign Terrorist Organization by the United States.

The documentary "Cumann na mBan: The Women's Army" (2019) offers historical and contemporary information on the organization.

Other prominent members
• Elizabeth Bloxham

• Margaret Buckley

• May Caffrey, mother of Ruairí Ó Brádaigh

• Ethna Carbery

• Winifred Carney

• Kathleen Clarke, wife of Tom Clarke

• Mary Colum

• Máire Comerford

• Lil Conlon

• Marcella Cosgrave

• Leslie de Barra, wife of Tom Barry

• Charlotte Despard

• Margaret Dobbs

• Louise Gavan Duffy

• Emily and Eilis Elliott

• Ada English

• Anna Fahy

• May Gibney

• Máire Gill

• Alice Ginnell, wife of Laurence Ginnell

• Julia Grenan

• Nan (Annie) Hogan

• Sheila Humphreys (Sighle Humphreys)

• Nell Humphreys

• Mary Hyland

• Lily Kempson

• Peig King

• Dorothy Macardle

• Sorcha MacMahon

• Rose MacNamara

• Mary McSwiney

• Helena Molony

• Nora Connolly O'Brien

• Anno O'Rahilly, sister of The O'Rahilly

• Nancy O'Rahilly, wife of The O'Rahilly

• Eva O’Flaherty

• Marie Perolz

• Fiona Plunkett

• Mimi Plunkett

• Catherine Rooney

• Min Ryan

• Anne, Lily and Eileen Cooney

• Margaret Skinnider

• Lucy Agnes Smyth

• Estella Solomons

• Brigid Lyons Thornton

• Ella Young

• May Guilfoyle

• Mary Crowe

Regional founder

 * Kathleen Balfe

title: Cumann na mBan


text:
Talk:Final Card Random

This page looks like it is trying to be an entry and a disambiguation page all at once. This needs to be remedied... but I am a relative newbie and don't know how. --Jacqui M Schedler 23:40, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't think we need a page describing an individual card in an individual card game. I will merge the detail into a card section on the Fluxx page, and put this up for deletion - unless you want to change the content to the rock band... NickF 22:57, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Final Card Random


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Sylvania, New South Wales

Sylvania is a suburb in southern Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, 22 km south of the Sydney central business district in the Sutherland Shire. It is well known for its large waterfront properties and restaurants.

Sylvania is mostly residential but also contains areas of native bushland and some commercial developments on the Princes Highway and Port Hacking Road. Sylvania Heights is a locality in the western part of the suburb. Sylvania Waters and Kangaroo Point share the same postcode (2224).

History
The traditional owners of Sylvania are the Dharawal Aboriginal people and their archaeological heritage is evident in a number of registered middens, burial and art sites in rock shelters on the Georges River. After European settlement, this land was acquired by John Connell Laycock as a Crown grant. Thomas Holt (after whom Holt Road is named), a prominent landowner, financier and politician, acquired it a few years later as part of the Holt-Sutherland Estate, some 13000 acre. The name of the suburb relates to its original wooded vegetation. The word "Sylvania" comes from the Latin word sylvan or sylva which means "forest land".

The native vegetation of the suburb is now fast disappearing, as a result of increased development. Thomas Holt built Sutherland House on the foreshore of Gwawley Bay in 1818, on the eastern side of Sylvania. He established the Sutherland Estate Company in 1881 and a village grew here, with a post office opening in 1883. The school opened in 1884 but closed in 1891 and was not reopened until 1925. Sylvania Heights Public School opened in 1955.

'Sutherland House' no longer stands (only its gate posts survive), but there are a number of heritage-listed buildings in the suburb. They include the original St Mark's timber church (now a Sylvania Public School class room) timber residence in Evelyn Street associated with the Holt Estate; 'Glenn Robin', built by William Glenn Wade on land he acquired in 1949 and completed in 1954; and 'Green Gables' built by Sidney and Clarisse Bayer between 1946 and 1952 on Kangaroo Point.*

In 1913, the 3 ha area bounded by Florida Street, Harrow Street, Mowbray Street and Illawarra Road (now the Princes Highway) was known as the Swastika Estate.

Much of the land of Sylvania Waters was 'reclaimed' from Gwawley Bay, effectively destroying the highly integrated mangrove flora of the bay. Sylvania Waters Estate was developed by L.J.Hooker in the 1960s; land offered had water frontages with boating facilities. Streets were named after Australian rivers to emphasise the association with water, such as Shoalhaven, Tweed, Murrumbidgee, Hawkesbury and Barwon. The suburb has been identified as an area that is particularly vulnerable to inundation, should predictions of climate change, global warming and rising sea levels prove correct.

Commercial areas
Southgate Shopping Centre is located on the corner of the Princes Highway and Port Hacking Road. The shopping centre adjoins The Crest Hotel Sylvania and a McDonald's restaurant.

A small group of shops and restaurants is located on Princes Highway near the foot of Tom Uglys Bridge. Another group of shops known as Sylvania Heights Plaza is located further west along the Princes Highway at Sylvania Heights.

Transport
The Princes Highway crosses the Georges River over the Tom Uglys Bridge at Horse Rock Point and links Sylvania north to Blakehurst, in the St George area. The suburb is serviced by buses operated by U-Go Mobility.

Schools

 * Sylvania Heights Public School
 * Sylvania High School
 * Sylvania Public School

Churches

 * Our Lady of the Way Catholic Church
 * St Michael's Orthodox Church
 * Sylvania Anglican Church
 * Sylvania Uniting Church

Demographics
According to the 2016 Australian Bureau of Statistics Census of Population, there were 10,479 people usually resident in Sylvania. 72.1% stated they were Australian-born. 2.8% were born in England, 3.4% in China (excluding Taiwan), 1.4% in New Zealand and 1.6% in Greece. English was stated as the only language spoken at home by 70.2% of residents and the most common other languages spoken were Greek 6.8%, Arabic 2.4% and Cantonese 2.3%. The most common responses for religion were Catholic 26.9%, Anglican 18.5%, No Religion 18.8%, Orthodox 12.9% and Uniting Church 4.1%.

Notable residents

 * Graham Annesley - former politician and rugby league referee
 * Myles Baldwin - horticulturalist
 * Brielle Davis - recording artist
 * Jim Russell, cartoonist
 * Glenn Wheeler - media personality

title: Sylvania, New South Wales


text:
Talk:Glossary of game theory

2007-02-1 Automated pywikipediabot message
--CopyToWiktionaryBot 15:19, 1 February 2007 (UTC)

Need Informal Definitions
Most of the people who would require a glossary for game theory would also need a glossary for this glossary.

Certainly, there are those who would find these formal definitions useful, but the novice would be unlikely to understand the equations and specialized vocabulary used here.

Blcklbl (talk) 00:30, 22 February 2011 (UTC)

Flashcards link
We wanted to learn all these terms in a flashcard format so we built one and made it freely available. Thought it would be helpful for anyone who wanted to learn the content of this glossary in a flashcard format like Anki to also be able to discover that they exist and have access to it from the source.

Was going to suggest it to be added in an external links section like the following but as it is linking to our own site, following the instructions of the Wikipedia guidelines, thought it would be best to leave this in the talk page for other contributors to see if it would be relevant or see if there was a better place/format to put it

Darigov Research (talk) 09:47, 14 March 2021 (UTC)
 * Flashcard version of the Wikipedia Glossary of game theory in an Anki-readable format

title: Talk:Glossary of game theory


text:
Talk:Ferdinando Carulli

Untitled
This page appears to be lifted directly from http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/Plains/2007/carulli.html —Preceding unsigned comment added by 204.112.153.82 (talk) 01:38, 19 October 2007 (UTC)

Books on Carulli?
I've been trying to find books on Carulli to do research for this article but it's proven to be quite difficult. Does anybody know any good books (any books, actually) on Carulli? How about a complete list of works? Any researchers that specialize on Carulli? - Gus (T, C) 2008-06-21 05:57Z 05:57, 21 June 2008 (UTC)

OK, searching for Ferdinando Carulli, as opposed to Fernando Carulli, was more effective. I found a two volume, 890 page, thematic catalog of Carulli's works called Catalogo tematico delle opere di Ferdinando Carulli. Now, if i could only get ahold of it. . . - Gus (T, C) 2008-06-21 06:18Z 06:18, 21 June 2008 (UTC)

Images of Ferdinando Carulli
—Preceding unsigned comment added by Sal;fkjl (talk • contribs) 22:04, 19 March 2009 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Ferdinando Carulli


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Philip Cowley

Philip Cowley is a British political scientist and an academic at Queen Mary University of London in the School of Politics and International Relations. He previously held the same title at the University of Nottingham. Within academia he is particularly notable for his analysis of Parliamentary voting behaviour in the UK House of Commons and House of Lords and secondly his opposition to a lowering of the UK voting age below 18.

Parliamentary Revolts
Cowley is involved in the continuous production of highly detailed and closely analysed briefing papers and reports of divisions in the UK Parliament, with eye-witness accounts of whipping practices in action, counts and comparisons of rebellious voting by Parliamentarians and discussion of how such activity impacts on its political context. He co-ordinates this work through the maintenance of a website produced in a blog format. He is assisted by his colleagues Mark Stuart, also of the University of Nottingham, and Lord Norton of the University of Hull. They are funded by the Economic and Social Research Council and through previous research by their respective universities and the Leverhulme Trust. The project is not affiliated to any political party, nor does it receive funding from any other source.

"Votes for Adults"
He had a website entitled "Votes for Adults" in which he claims to dismiss comprehensively the arguments put forward in support of a reduction of the voting age to 16. This is in opposition to the Votes at 16 campaign, supported by a broad coalition of youth charities and other organisations.

title: Philip Cowley


text:
Chirography

Chirography (from Greek χείρ hand) is the study of penmanship and handwriting in all of its aspects.

History
According to Georges Jean (1992, p. 12), standardised writing 'cannot be said to exist until there is an agreed upon repertoire of formal signs or symbols that can be used to reproduce clearly the thoughts and feelings' that those utilising them hope to put forth.

Ancient writing
Writing emerged around the 4th millennium BC, out of the necessity to keep accurate bureaucratic records. The Sumerians are regarded as the first everyday users (in agricultural applications) of pictographs (of which scholars have catalogued some 15,000 individual symbols).

Contextual handwriting/cuneiform
Contextual handwriting is said to have begun with the development of Cuneiform (from the Latin Cuneus and referring to the styluses used in creating the pictographs of the aforesaid). Cuneiform would be applied in the recording of the Akkadian language and several other languages of Mesopotamia as the usage of Sumerian began to fade as a spoken language.

Convergence in Mesopotamia and Egypt
As both Mesopotamians and Egyptians began to regard writing as an indicator of one's privilege/rank in societal hierarchy, instructors of the times were given rein to develop drilling (reading/identification, and so on) and memorisation techniques still in operation in modern language instruction. This may have also been assisted by the eventual availability of papyrus as well as the evolution of the hieroglyphs into the more comprehensible forms of Hieratic (from the Greek 'hieros' meaning 'sacred' and coined by Herodotus (c. 484-424 BCE)) and Demotic. These would diminish one another in their own swiftness and would be key elements in the deciphering of the Rosetta Stone by Jean-François Champollion.

Initial alphabets
While it is thought that the Phoenician alphabet is the first veritable alphabet, it contained only consonants (an abjad). Upon reaching the shores of Greece via sailing merchants, it is proposed that the Greek alphabet was developed by a combination of the Phoenician form and the Egyptian Demotic. Although it would fall out of common usage in or around 1100 BCE (except for, or almost exclusively in the university/scholarly realm, as well as in its mother country), its presence would be felt in more modern languages such as Latin and later English.

Aramaic and the worth of Biblical texts
As a great number of Biblical texts were transcribed in Aramaic (arising in Aram (modern day Syria) in or near 800 BCE), along with the rising popularity of the Gospels, teachings of both the language and theological aspects therein became more prevalent in society. This would be furthered by the eventual translations of the Aramaic into Hebrew and/or Yiddish which began to flourish in the Arabic peninsula and the surrounding areas along with the established language found in Qur'anic texts. And although there are spotty connections with their Phoenician systems, it is clear that the transcription of the 'scriptures' mentioned into dialects still spoken, to some degree, today allowed for written as well as verbal language to reach a larger portion of the masses.

Chinese language/East-Asian calligraphy/handwriting
The intricate system of characters defined by their radicals (214 in the Chinese system, with an alternative 79 radical system in the later developed Japanese interpretation known as Kanji (漢字)) is believed to have come to use around 2000 BCE. It was furthermore codified about 1500 BCE and finally systemised between 200 BCE-400 CE. It is considered one of the most consistently unchanged systems of writing and is held in high regard in its influence of nearby languages. Its forms, when written, may range from bloc (the most visible form generally not using brushes) to semi- and fully cursive styles which require a certain degree of skill and devotion (through constant practice and memorisation) and remain in wide use.

English/European development of script
In the words of Philip Hofer (1941, p. 2), in the latter portion of the 7th century 'English calligraphy became important and influential on the course of writing styles for the first time' (often credited in part to Alcuin of York). Eventually a form of English handwriting would form to follow the function of the daily business affairs of merchants, clerks and professional scribes for a more masterful and consistent means of correspondence.

During the same period (around the 17th-18th centuries), as English trade came more to the forefront of mainland Europe and the New World, a significant amount of copy books came about which made use of the finery of English script of the time. In some time a more common system of joined/cursive handwriting would be developed for usage in the same vein along with its promotion in the education system.

Some key figures of chirography

 * Herodotus
 * Qin Shi Huang(秦始皇)(260-210 BCE)
 * Alcuin (735-804 CE)
 * Johann Gutenberg (1398-1468 CE)
 * Ludovico Arrighi (1475-1527 CE)
 * Samuel Pepys (1633-1703 CE)
 * Jean-François Champollion (1790-1832 CE)

Modern chirography
Although, to a certain degree, modern widespread and efficient means of printing coupled with computer technology have pushed stylistic and complex handwriting techniques to the backdrop of linguistic aspects, the aforementioned practices remain in use often in the fields of academia for study. Calligraphy remains a commonplace facet of many modern East Asian languages as well as forms of cursive Arabic. However dated they may seem, they are necessary in order to grasp archaic or other older forms of current languages in the field of linguistics, as there are still mysteries to resolve (such as the near indecipherable Indus Script).

title: Chirography


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William Neilson (businessman)

William Neilson (March 16, 1844 – February 10, 1915) was a Canadian businessman and founder of William Neilson Limited.

Early life
Neilson was born in Ramsay Township, Lanark County, Canada West.

His working life began as a farmer in Rochester, New York, then moved on to being a machinist's apprentice in Almonte, Ontario, Canada. In 1873 journeyman Neilson worked in Brockville, Ontario, moving on in 1889 to a retail store. Afterward he sold his store in 1890 and moved to Toronto, Ontario and began a grocery store that eventually failed. Leaving his family behind, he moved to North Dakota to work as a farmer with his brother.

Founding of William Neilson Limited
Returning to Toronto, still in debt, he purchased some cows and began the sale of milk. Neilson then obtained ice cream manufacturing equipment. In 1893 the firm, William Neilson Limited, was started. Ice-cream and mincemeat were the first products, and these fuelled the growth of the company.

Expansion and modernization started in 1904 with a new location and the addition of new equipment. By 1905 production was at two thousand gallons of ice-cream per day and 15 tons of ice. Meanwhile, mincemeat production was discontinued. Neilson constructed the factory in Toronto in 1906. Chocolate was added to the product mix in 1908. Chocolate bars and ice cream became popular treats and prior to the outbreak of the First World War the company was producing more than 560,000 pounds of chocolate annually. This required further expansion and a new building was added, and by 1915 a new site was required and the production moved to Beachville, Ontario.

By 1928, the company employed a thousand people in all departments and production was at one thousand gallons of ice cream per hour, and the company opened branches in South America, South Africa, Japan, China, Australia and New Zealand.

William Neilson Limited, now headquartered in Georgetown, Ontario, was owned by George Weston Limited from 1947 to 2008 and is now owned by Saputo Incorporated.

Marriage and family
Neilson married Mary Eva Kaiser on October 6, 1875, in Brockville, Ontario. They were the parents of five children, of which the sons continued the business after the death of their father in 1915.

Fred Harry Morden Neilson, the family's official churner, ran the business as president until his death in 1947. Charles Edward Neilson was secretary-treasurer and James William Allen Neilson was a vice-president.

The Neilson family are buried at Forest Lawn Mausoleum in north Toronto.

title: William Neilson (businessman)


text:
Talk:Grim trigger

Links to Dr. Strangelove
Is there room in this article for a reference to Dr. Strangelove and the doomsday device? --163.1.136.87 12:13, 30 May 2006 (UTC)

There is room to add a mathematical example, probably using the prisoners dilemma. I might get around to doing this. Tabako (talk) 15:25, 2 September 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Grim trigger


text:
User talk:IceMetalPunk

welcome, from Journalist
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Apjax proposed deletion
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title: User talk:IceMetalPunk