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Talk:List of highest towns by country

name change
How come there are two "world's highest cities"??? Can we Change the name... I think it sounds grammatically painful...

That whole article looks like it was slapped together haphazardly. Why would you list the world's highest mines in a list of the world's highest cities? And it's got like 4 highest cities in the world... Peru, Tibet, Bolivia, the city in Nepal is higher than the one in Bolivia... I hope somebody re-writes the whole thing.

This list is towns right? Well in that case Denali in Alaska is the highest point in the US, but it is in fact not a town.

Leadville, Colorado is the highest incorporated city in the United States at 10,152ft(3,094m), Climax, Colorado is the highest settlement in the United States at 11,360ft.

Also, Lake Louise (which is officially a hamlet, not even a town) is marked as the highest on the continent, despite many being higher in Colorado. Not to mention the comment about "Many ski towns and villages are higher" is quite confusing. Finally, the elevation of LL doesn't even match their official elevation on the wikipedia page for them. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 207.216.211.183 (talk) 17:59, 11 December 2013 (UTC)

 * I've given this a pretty severe trime; removing all but the highest claim for each country and rewording the intro to stress that any permanent settlement is accepted. Citations are needed for the heights and for the claims to be the highest place in the nation. Warofdreams talk 23:30, 29 August 2006 (UTC)

Alma
I've moved Alma up in the rankings because the original link went to information that is outdated (and maybe inaccurate). Alma is still the highest city in the US, but the new source puts it a few feet higher, which is all it needs to go from #21 to #17 and the source seems more legitimate than the old one. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.165.192.163 (talk) 20:56, 24 March 2014 (UTC)

Highest populated place in Europe?
It is claimed here that Juf (Switzerland) is the highest populated place in Europe (2126 m) This is probably not correct. There should be places in the Caucasus mountains higher than this, for example Kurush (Dagestan, Russian Federation) which also appears in this page (2480 m). The part of Caucasus that belongs to the Russian Federation is actually a part of Europe, and the highest peak of Europe is Elbruz in this area. Antipoeten 21:33, 30 August 2007 (UTC)

Quito, Ecuador is not the highest capital of the world; La Paz, Bolivia is widely known as it. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 200.105.222.22 (talk) 04:07, 24 October 2007 (UTC)

Listing Quito as the highest capital may have merit, as La Paz is not strictly (or not the only) capital of Bolivia. La Paz is the administrative capital, but the Judicial capital is Sucre (roughly 2700m if I remember right.) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 190.129.26.84 (talk) 17:10, 17 May 2008 (UTC)

Majdal Shams
Although controlled by Israel, according to public international law this place is still part of Syria. --81.62.68.243 (talk) 00:41, 1 February 2008 (UTC)
 * You are right. I have corrected it. --Supreme Deliciousness (talk) 13:32, 1 November 2021 (UTC)

Altitude of La Paz is inaccurate
The altitude claimed here for the city of La Paz, Bolivia is way too high. I was unable to find the correct authoritative value(s) so I leave that to someone else. Take care to use the average value not the highest point, on this city in particular. Also take care to use numbers for the actual city, not entire La Paz Department.

This page currently says: Bolivia El Alto Departamento de La Paz 4100 (13488 ft)[citation needed] [4] Citation [4] is a dead link to http://www.elalto.gob.bo/ (and should be fixed or replaced)

whereas: The page for La_Paz,_Bolivia says Elevation 3,640 m (11,942 ft)

and a casual websearch shows a range of numbers cited between ~3100-3820m, with 3510m and ">3600m" being commonly cited. According to a couple of sources the airport is at 3900-4100m (higher than the city). Another source claims the lowest point is 3100m and highest is 4060m, but that sounds like La Paz Department. Smcinerney (talk) 12:15, 4 November 2008 (UTC)

=== I know La Paz well, I can tell you El Alto is not related (attached to the city itself) it's a different village. La Paz is not flat, it 's all in a slope, the bus station lies at 3670m, i can tell you that because it's written on a sign. From the bus station you can walk down about 100m what it's the "core" of La Paz and its cathedral, which is about 3550m. Than, there are lower quarters at elevations as low as 3200-3300m.

Is the highest town in Japan really Matsumoto at 590m? According to Google Earth, Fujikawaguchiko lies at 875m altitude and, having 23,097 inhabitants (2003), it seems likely that there may be smaller settlements at higher elevation in Japan. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Stiivyn (talk • contribs) 09:48, 4 September 2010 (UTC)

Highest town in Bolivia
When I saw this list I thought it was highly doubtful that a city of 1 million inhabitants was also the highest city in Bolivia. However, the bolivian government does not list official elevations for the 300+ municipalities on record. I've been scouring through geonames.org to look for populations in La Paz, Potosi and Oruro. The highest I found that was also listed in the Instituto Nacional de Estadisticas (http://www.ine.gob.bo/indice/atlasmunicipal.aspx) was Colquechaca, Chayanta, Potosi. There are various other localities in geonames that are higher but I have no other confirmation that they are permanent populations. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Djescalera (talk • contribs) 19:53, 12 October 2010 (UTC)

Re: Highest town in Bolivia
El Alto - has more than 1.000.000 habitants, 4.150 meters above sea level.

La Paz - around 900.000 habitants, 3.640 meters above sea level at the center of the city.

They used to be consider one city, but El Alto became a separated city in 1985.

Towns or villages?
You put together cities, towns, villages and hamlets!. Usually a city or town is defined by a minimum amount of inhabitants. You should write two different articles: " list of highest settlements" and "list of highest cities and towns". The way the did with northest settlements. Lele giannoni (talk) 13:10, 27 January 2011 (UTC) Flash, Staffordshire, England, is a village not a town. Derekjc (talk) 22:10, 17 March 2013 (UTC)

Re:Towns or villages?
I agree. This list should only contain only towns with at least 10.000 habitants. Otherwise, any small settlement could be included.

Besides - this lists losses a lot of accuracy below the 2.000 m mark, since the list is obviously incomplete. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Izelpii (talk • contribs) 00:28, 17 March 2011 (UTC)

Population column
This article needs a population column. Some settlements are too small to be on this list (some even less than 100 people). — Preceding unsigned comment added by Izelpii (talk • contribs) 00:33, 17 March 2011 (UTC)

 * Agree Darwwin (talk) 06:53, 13 April 2018 (UTC)

Top-50/Top-100
Cities at 300m are obviously very nice, but do not make any sense whatsoever. I mean there are like a dozen villages in the Alps around 1500+ meters. Therefore I think that this list should become a list of the highest 100 towns/cities in the world and then one could maybe make a separate list of the 5 highest villages/towns of each country, but the current list does not seem to make much sense, except if you want to have all villages above sea level on your, then extremely immense, list. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Mythicism (talk • contribs) 23:53, 6 April 2011 (UTC)

====SAN MARINO CAPITAL IS MUCH HIGHER THAN ACQUAVIVA !This list is full of terrible mistakes and missing. Somebody who knows something about geography, please do something !!

It's a work in progress, but needs help by virtue of constant updates from us!
The list is obviously being built over time, and there are many glaring omissions. For instance, Denver, Colorado was not on the list (I've since added Denver and Leadville). I think we need to constantly move the list around since it was obviously user-generated and no single user could be expected to know all of the world's highest cities.

Constructive suggestion: we don't need 80+ places listed, especially when the bottom entries are well under a half-mile high. The "highest towns" moniker should be saved for truly high altitude towns/cities, of which there are plenty in the world. Also, the list should not be longer than 50 in my opinion. — Preceding unsigned comment added by ABTsportsline (talk • contribs) 19:57, 11 August 2011 (UTC)

Nepal towns
I disagree with places like Gorak Shep, Dingoboche, etc. as not being inhabited year round. In the past, this was true, but not anymore. Gorak Shep may be too small to be a town though. This is not true of Dingboche though. It's probably the 2nd largest town in the Khumbu, after Namche Bazaar, though I'm not 100% sure on this. For sure it is large enough to be considered a town. It is cultivated.

Chukkhung is probably large enough too. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 216.82.251.229 (talk) 16:31, 24 July 2013 (UTC)

Dominica
Laudat (pronounced as rhymes with "Yoda") is the highest town in Dominica. It is about 600-620 meters in elevation.

Davos is missing, should be "highest city in Europe"
Davos — Preceding unsigned comment added by Dragentsheets (talk • contribs) 23:20, 4 October 2013 (UTC)

Dependencies
Northern Ireland is part of the UK ('United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland'), not a dependency. There are many permanent settlements in Antarctica - research stations - do these not count? Pgdave (talk) 10:37, 15 November 2013 (UTC)

Nenthead, Cumbria vs Flash Staffordshire
Uk's highest village appears to be in dispute, these links [|The telegraph] [|Peak district info] [|the independent] [|Macclesfield Express] all claim Flash as the highest. [|Visit Cumbria], [|The Independent] and [|English Heritage] claim Nenthead as the highest. The independent, you'll notice goes both ways, within a couple of days with one report claiming Nenthead and on claiming Nenthead artificially increased its elevation. I would say that so far the sources make me lean towards Flash as having the more verifiable claim but would love the views of other editors For a little more on this conversation I was discussing it with (Asheshouse (talk)) on my talk page. I'll refrain from editing either way for the next week. SPACKlick (talk) 10:46, 24 January 2014 (UTC)

 * When considering different sources the authority of the source needs to be carefully considered. In this respect the English Heritage report carries considerable clout. Another important source which should not be ignored is Ordnance Survey Mapping which supports the Nenthead claim. The claim by Flash is supported by work commissioned by the BBC in 2007, but at this time Nenthead was not even considered, which might be considered a major omission. The greatest difficulty in considering the Nenthead claim is in deciding the limits of the village. Within the area there are a number of residential properties at considerable elevation however many of these are outside of the village. Current Nenthead claims are based on properties on the main road and within the village limits as defined by the highway authority, which gives a highest property at 482m. Reasonably similar to the figure of 475m provided by English Heritage.
 * The English Heritage Report No 054-2010 The Parish of Alston Moor - Historic Assessment. The report may be downloaded here: http://services.english-heritage.org.uk/ResearchReportsPdfs/064_2010WEB.pdf
 * I quote from the introduction, page 1 and 2;

Alston and Nenthead are both sited on a considerable gradient, Alston lies at between 265 and 330 metres above sea level,allowing it to claim to be the highest market town in England (an assertion disputed by Buxton, Derbyshire), Garrigill is at about 345 metres and Nenthead at between 430 and 475 metres, giving Nenthead the accolade of being the highest village in England and having the highest parish church.

 * Another link supporting the Nenthead claim. http://www.hexhamcourant.co.uk/news/high-hopes-for-nenthead-1.1060444 (Asheshouse (talk) 11:07, 24 January 2014 (UTC)).

 * The last link doesn't support Nenthead's claim. It says that the people of Nenthead think they have a chance. The OS map you have quoted several times is also not a source because it doesn't state one or other is highest, the reader has to do WP:OR to make the determination. I think the Guiness Records (referred in your second link), The fact that the OS and the BBC came to the conclusion that Flash was the highest village leaves little doubt that it has more sources, with more "clout" in its favour.
 * On a purely WP:OR level Having looked at both Flash and Nenthead's claims, Flash's buildings are all within one settlement. The building Nenthead is using to claim highest status is about a quarter of a mile outside the villages continuous settlement. So there is definitely room to dispute whether it counts in terms of this statistic. If you only look at buildings within the continuous settlement area of the village Nenthead is 20 metres or so lower than Flash SPACKlick (talk) 11:45, 24 January 2014 (UTC)

 * The fact that BBC and/or OS never even considered the possibility of Nenthead having a claim seriously undermines their authority. The programme was made purely for entertainment. Ordnance Survey were not directly involved, the survey work being done by an external contractor Starnet Geomatics. The details of their work have not been audited or published. I know this having spoken to the company.

 * The BBC programme was made in 2007. The report by English Heritage (EH) is unequivocal in its comments. EH is a national body, experts in conservation of buildings and landscapes. Their report, published in 2010, is more up to date than the BBC activity. Their opinion can only be countered by a source of equal academic and professional standing. None of the sources you quote above fall in this category.

 * The building referred to in Nentheads claim is part of the village settlement as defined by the highway authority. Your interpretation of a "continuous settlement area" is, as you have said, WP:OR. The highway authority signage, including 30mph limits, village signs and other visual markers are a definitive indicator. Not all villages have 30mph limits. The imposition of such a limit by a statutory body is a clear indicator of the village boundary.

Refer here https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Built-up_area_%28Highway_Code%29 and here https://www.gov.uk/speed-limits (Asheshouse (talk) 13:21, 24 January 2014 (UTC)).

 * To Answer your points in turn, You do not know the BBC and OS didn't consider Nenthead, only that it was not a contender by the time of the final edit. The English Heritage report repeats the claim but doesn't make any claim to having determined the claim. You are the one making the claim that the highways entering village marker determines the size of the village which does constitute WP:OR. Nothing in any of the provided links says the area within the speed limit, or the area within the village marker necessarily constitutes a village. Village markers are often out of place to match change in speed limits or to take account visibility caused by gradients or bends in the road. As I said in my paragraph above, My discussion of continuous settlement was WP:OR although the concept of Continuous Settlement for determining the area of settlements is used in various fields (including my own), I was simply using my OR to indicate that there is a legitimate real world dispute here, not simply a dispute on WP.

 * The local council don't include the property used for this height reading in their plans of the village [| in this settlement report], There are several sources claiming to have determined Flash as the highest village, showing their working etc. On the basis of this It still seems like Flash has the more verifiable claim.SPACKlick (talk) 13:41, 24 January 2014 (UTC)

 * As I stated previously, Ordnance Survey were not involved. Nor was BBC directly involved. The technical work was done by Starnet who were commissioned by Kingfisher TV. Starnet advised me that they had only been requested to do work at Flash and Wanlockhead.

 * There is no WP:OR involved in my arguments about the village limits. See reference to government speed limits above. 30mph limit only applies in "built up areas".
 * The eden district council plan you link above is stated to be a plan showing specific development sites within the village, not the entire village, so not a useful source.

 * You state that English Heritage are simply repeating claims. What is your basis for that statement. EH are no fools and would not include such a statement in an official report unless they were satisfied that it was true. They are a national body with impeccable, technical, professional and academic skills, as a pose to one with local/regional interests to serve. Their opinion cannot be simply ignored.

 * This paragraph from EH outlines some of the methodology used in preparing their report.

 * This core research area will be surveyed on the ground by the Landscape Investigation team using methodologies which combine traditional observation and analysis with new and innovative recording techniques, involving real-time use in the field of Ordnance Survey (OS) digital mapping, mapping-grade GPS, GIS database collection, specially-commissioned aerial imagery (including digital orthophotography, LIDAR and hyperspectral datasets). Historic Area Assessments by English Heritage’s Architectural Investigation team will provide finer resolution analyses of the principal town of the area, Alston, and two other major mining settlements, Nenthead and Garrigill, while Characterisation of the farmsteads over a wider area will provide a starting point for the management of this locally distinctive building stock.

 * In other words a pretty comprehensive study including studies of existing and acquisition of new mapping data.

 * You state "There are several sources claiming to have determined Flash as the highest village, showing their working etc." -- but none of the sources you link show working etc, so what are you referring to here?

 * Briefly reviewing the sources in the opening remarks which are said to support the Flash claim. The Telegraph report is a review of a property for sale in the village and simply quotes the height shown on the village sign. The District Report is tourism promotional material. The Independent again simply quotes the height given on the village sign and presumably made no independent assessment of their own. In fact they have the highest town in Wales wrong. Brynmawr is considerably higher (around 390m). The Express is simply reporting the 2007 BBC programme so provides nothing new. Only BBC and English Heritage have reported professional assessments and of these the BBC appears to have only considered Wanlockhead and Flash.

(Asheshouse (talk) 14:30, 24 January 2014 (UTC)).

=
===MOROCCO

Moroccoan highest village is Tacchedirt at over 2400m. It has even electricity since 4-5 years. It should be listed instead Ifrane.

Towns?
This list is a nice mixture of highest settlements (for example: Italy and Switzerland) and highest towns (or communes) - it should be standardized! --PatrickBrauns (talk) 13:20, 21 September 2014 (UTC)

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Irregularities/Original Research
Most of these highest towns are unreferenced. Also by looking at a topography map, I was able to spot towns/villages higher than those listed here. YousefAbdollah (talk) 18:31, 30 January 2020 (UTC)

Israel is not a fully recognized country
It is currently in the "Sovereign, fully recognized countries" list, but it is not a "fully recognized country", there are several countries and organizations that does not recognize it. --Supreme Deliciousness (talk) 13:29, 1 November 2021 (UTC)

Highest village in Liechtenstein
Hello, as far as I know the highest village in Liechtenstein is Malbun at an elevation of 1600m above sea level.--Hogü-456 (talk) 21:36, 9 April 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of highest towns by country


text: User talk:24.73.99.21

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Talk:Emmer

Merge from emmer wheat
The duplicate shorter article emmer wheat has been merged into this one. I've tried to organize the merge coherently, but it's far from perfect. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Lady Macbeth (talk • contribs) 19:18, 22 August 2005 (UTC) Edit -- looking at the history, I realize that an anonymous user wanted it redirected the other way, but since then this article has changed into a far longer one. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Lady Macbeth (talk • contribs) 19:21, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

31st October 2005 Found a useful resource site at: http://newcrop.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/proceedings1996/V3-156.html#EMMER which, hopefully, will help with the technicalities... — Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.12.237.67 (talk) 22:15, 31 October 2005 (UTC)

Cleanup progress
The new reference confirms some of the genetics; I notice there's a deal of overlap with the main wheat article. The Emmer in Agriculture section here looks iffy Tearlach 04:06, 9 September 2005 (UTC)

Disputed material
To me, this looks like an attempt to sell emmer despite its major shortcoming: low gluten, so it produces a bread that can't support the fluffy structure of modern bread: tastes nice, but comes out like a doorstop. I've struck out dubious statements in the first paragraph. The second paragraph: Cite sources. I've searched Science News, and can find no reference to caramelized emmer grains being anti- anything.

 * Emmer in agriculture
 * Emmer is tolerant of vast differences in climate, and will produce a yield in conditions where other grains won't even germinate. Emmer is referred to in many historical records (including documentation of the Salem Witch Trials) as the primary cereal grain in the United States; Forage and grain varieties are currently being grown there for the first time in more than a century. It can absorb a complete profile of nutrients and micro nutrients in a soil and has enough room in its structure to store them.  When a grain in this family can't absorb nutrients it forms gluten ; Emmer has almost no gluten.  Einkorn and emmer are gelatinous grains.  Gelatins are the most nutritious and nutritionally accessible proteins in the world.

 * Emmer is the grain that created the first yeasted bread.  The milled grains were mixed with the spent grain used in the brewing process, which added natural yeast. Placed on a hot stone and covered with hot ashes, the exterior grains of the loaf caramelized, forming a barrier which prevented heat penetration, allowing the inside to stay enzymatically active. The gelatinous structure of emmer stabilized the bread, allowing it to continue to breathe and ferment, creating a hard, indestructible loaf that could survive almost any environment and never mold. The caramelized grains have natural antibiotic, antibacterial, antifungal and, according to recent research (Science News, 2002), anticarcinogenic properties.

Any further thoughts? Tearlach 11:52, 9 September 2005 (UTC)

Personally it looks like someone copied much of that stuff from a "natural food" cereal box. It would be nice if more stuff could be added now as the article looks greatly reduced... of course accurate, neutral material please. --BerserkerBen 15:50, 9 September 2005 (UTC)
 * You have to admit it as PR in making "a hard, indestructible loaf that could survive almost any environment" as a plus point. There are quite a few academic accounts that have a historical intro. I'll have a skim of Google. Tearlach 16:20, 9 September 2005 (UTC)

Major re-write
I have had a go at rewriting this article in accurate and neutral style. The dates and the geography of the earlier article had major errors so it semed best to start from scratch. there's more to add on evidence from genetics for the area of domestication, and on morphology. Mark Nesbitt 11:34, 4 January 2006 (UTC)

WikiProject Food and drink Tagging
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Taxonomic disagreement
In case anyone else is inspired to try to insert a citation for the taxonomy, as of August 2012 there is no agreement among the major databases: USDA GRIN, IPNI/Tropicos/The Plant List, and USDA PLANTS have mutually incompatible data, so it would be a waste of time. Sminthopsis84 (talk) 12:33, 1 September 2012 (UTC)

This is disputed by several sources
The oldest evidence of domesticated emmer wheat has found at Tell Aswad, near Damascus, Syria dating from 7,650 to 8,200 years BC. The dryness of the site, requiring irrigation for agriculture, suggests that the emmer was introduced as an already domesticated plant from elsewhere outside the Damascus Basin. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Fraenir (talk • contribs) 14:43, 2016 November 20 (UTC)
 * per Alexander Weide (2015) "On the Identification of Domesticated Emmer Wheat, Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccum (Poaceae), in the Aceramic Neolithic of the Fertile Crescent" - "the emmer remains of the early PPNB levels at Aswad have been attributed to the wild species."

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Turkish name
Why not add the Turkish name of this grain, which is kavılca buğdayı? 173.88.246.138 (talk) 23:26, 1 February 2022 (UTC)

Armenian Name??
Please consider adding the Armenian name for this grain which is Hachar / / Hajar / Հաճար

References: https://buyarmenian.com/product/gga-hulled-or-emmer-wheat-%d5%b0%d5%a1%d5%b3%d5%a1%d6%80-niacin-vitamin-b3-magnesium-iron-health-health/

https://www.ecokayan.com/armenia/travel/tip/tips-for-vegetarians-traveling-in-armenia

Though one reference I've found claims it's a different genome (Adjar / Triticum timopheevii), so I wonder if Emmer is considered a more readily available close substitute?

https://www.clovegarden.com/ingred/gr_wheat.html#adjar Tabland (talk) 05:24, 15 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Emmer


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Ian Pattison

Ian Pattison is a Scottish writer who lives in Glasgow, best known for writing the 10 series of the sitcom Rab C Nesbitt. He also wrote the 1995 to 1996 sitcom Atletico Partick; the six-episode series Breeze Block starring Tim Healy which aired on BBC Choice in 2002, and he created and co-wrote the sitcom The Crouches, which aired on BBC One from 2003 to 2005. He has written three novels Sweet and Tender Hooligan, Looking at the Stars and A Stranger Here Myself, the latter being Rab C Nesbitt's 'autobiography.'

title: Ian Pattison


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Category:Comics single panels

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The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

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title: User talk:Studzinski~enwiki


text:
Saint Mark (Donatello)

Donatello's Saint Mark (1411–1413) is a marble statue that stands approximately 7ft 9in high and is displayed in the museum of the Orsanmichele church, Florence. It originally was displayed in an exterior niche of the church, where a copy now stands. It depicts Mark the Evangelist.

Donatello was commissioned by the linen weavers' guild to complete three pieces for the project. St. Mark was the first of his contributions. The niche itself was not of Donatello's hand, but created most probably by two stone carvers named Perfetto di Giovanni and Albizzo di Pietro.

Sculpture
Donatello's sculpture is notable for its detailed realism, evidence of the artist's skills. Even the veins of St. Mark's left hand are visible as he holds a text upon his hip. Contrapposto or natural pose, is used with Donatello's St. Mark. The saint has more weight on his right leg, his left knee is bent, and his torso is slightly twisted. The style is much more naturalistic than the symmetry and unrealistic nature of art from the Dark Ages. Also Donatello's sculpture differs from medieval works in the way that drapery is used, specifically in that St. Mark's figure is revealed by a realistic draping of linen.

According to Renaissance scholar Gene A. Brucker, Donatello's statue of St. Mark "is generally recognized as the first Renaissance monument." (Renaissance Florence, 244)

Proportions
According to Vasari's text The Lives of the Artists, written 140 years after the completion of St. Mark, the linen workers' guild originally rejected the sculpture because it appeared unnatural when set at street level. This was due to proportion adjustments made for its final resting place in the niche, well above street level. The head and torso were made larger as they would be further away from the viewer.

Donatello promised to make adjustments, so he covered the statue with a cloth, set the statue in the niche above the street, and without touching the statue for 15 days, once again revealed it to the guild. With its location above the viewer, the proportions looked perfect and the linen weaver's guild accepted the statue.

title: Saint Mark (Donatello)


text:
User talk:Femtotech

Welcome
Hello, , and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. If you are stuck, and looking for help, please come to the Wikipedia Boot Camp, where experienced Wikipedians can answer any queries you have! Or, you can just type   on your user page, and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! --Lord Voldemort (Dark Mark) 19:21, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
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title: User talk:Femtotech


text:
Wiikwemkoong First Nation

The Wiikwemkong First Nation is a First Nation on Manitoulin Island in Northern Ontario. The Wiikwemkong Unceded Territory (nicknamed Wiky, previously named Wikwemikong) is the First Nation reserve in the northeast of Manitoulin Island in Manitoulin District, Ontario, Canada. Wiikwemkong is an unceded Indigenous reserve in Canada, which means that it has not "relinquished title to its land to the government by treaty or otherwise."

The local Ojibwe placename is wiikwemkong (Manitoulin dialect; notice the vowel dropping) with the locative -ong ('at') form of wiikwemik 'bay with a gently sloping bottom'. The spelling Wikwemikong is from dialects spoken elsewhere (or in earlier times) that retain the i. The initial element wiikwe- occurs in other forms as 'bay'; the final element -mik cannot be for amik 'beaver' (its local form is mik), a folk etymology that violates the rules for Algonquian stem formation. It can be identified as a variant of the medial element aamik-, which appears, for example, in Southwestern Ojibwe minaamikaa 'there are breakers, shoals, banks (of sand or rocks)', which has initial min- 'islandlike'. The presence or absence of aa- is found in several medial elements in Ojibwe and other Algonquian languages.

The reserve's former name was Manitoulin Unceded Indian Reserve. The Wiikwemkong Band changed it on August 20, 1968, to Wikwemikong Unceded Indian Reserve.

The reserve is occupied by Ojibwa, Odawa, and Potawatomi peoples under the Council of Three Fires.

Geography
Wiikwemkong occupies a large peninsula on the eastern end of Manitoulin Island, which is connected to the rest of the island by an isthmus separating South Bay from Manitowaning Bay. The reserve's primary access is via Wiikwemkong Way, which continues off the reserve as Cardwell Street and connects to Highway 6 at Manitowaning. The reserve has a land area of 412.97 km2 and is the fifth-largest Indian reserve in Canada by area. It is bordered on its west by Assiginack township, by which the peninsula is connected to the rest of Manitoulin Island. The vast majority of the reserve's border is, however, a water boundary with Northeastern Manitoulin and the Islands, by which it is nearly surrounded except for its border with Assiginack.

The Point Grondine Park, located on the mainland near Killarney, also belongs to the Wiikwemkong band. This area, which has been unpopulated since the Point Grondine band moved to Wiikwemkong proper in the 1940s, remained unoccupied and virtually unused by the band until the park was established in 2015.

History
From 1836 to 1862, a considerable portion of Manitoulin Island was set aside as the "Manitoulin Island Indian Reserve" under the Bond Head Treaty. The most important of the pre-confederation treaties were the Robinson Treaties because all subsequent treaties were modeled after these. In 1850, William B. Robinson, a government negotiator and former fur trader, proposed that First Nations reserves be created on the Crown Land acquired through treaties. These Reserves were intended to be the answer to what the immigrant settlers needed for land settlement. First Nation peoples would be set apart on reserves from the new settlers. The Robinson-Huron and Robinson-Superior treaties were signed in September 1850 for large territories north of the two Great Lakes.

According to written records, Lake Huron and Lake Superior area leaders surrendered nearly 15,000,000 hectares of land and the islands in exchange for the establishment of 24 reserves and a payment of approximately $10,000 to be followed by additional annual payment of $2700.

In 1862, most of the islands were again ceded to the government of Canada under the MacDougall Treaty for new settlement by non-natives, resulting in the creation of new reserves at West Bay, Sheguiandah, Sheshegwaning, Pitawankwat Cockburn Island and Sucker Creek. However, two bands which occupied the land that now comprises Wiikwemkong claimed that the bands that signed the Treaty did not represent them, and thus continued to exist as a remnant of the Manitoulin Island Indian Reserve.

In 1968, an amalgamation took place among three bands: Manitoulin Island Unceded Indian Reserve, Point Grondine and South Bay. This amalgamation created the Wikwemikong Unceded Indian Reserve.

The band filed a claim with the Canadian government on the issue of the jurisdiction of the Wikwemikong islands in 1984, but the government denied that the band had any right to these islands in 1997. The two parties restarted negotiations in 2007. As of 2012, the claim is still ongoing.

In 2014 the Constitution – Wiikwemkong G'chi Naaknigewin – was ratified, subsequently changing the name to Wiikwemkong Unceded Territory.

Communities
In addition to the primary settlement at Wiikwemkong, smaller settlements on the reserve include Buzwah, Kaboni, Murray Hill, South Bay, Two O'Clock, Wabozominissing and Wikwemikonsing.

The reserve is served by five churches:
 * Holy Cross Church
 * Buzwah Church (Saint Ignatius)
 * Kaboni Catholic Church (St. Anthony Daniel Parish)
 * South Bay Catholic Church (Our Lady of Grace)
 * The Wikwemikong Fellowship

There are two elementary schools, Wasse Abin Junior School (JK, SK, Grades 1-4) and Wasse Abin Pontiac School (Grades 5-8) and Wasse Abin High School.

Two health clinics provide basic services:
 * Nadmadwin Mental Health Clinic
 * Wiikwemkoong Health Centre

Transportation
Wiikwemkong Way is the key route in the communities and connects with Ontario Highway 6.

The closest airport is Manitowaning/Manitoulin East Municipal Airport in Manitowaning, Ontario. There is no commercial service from this airport.

Ontario Northland operates a twice daily bus that connects to other places on Manitoulin Island as well as the nearest major city, Sudbury, Ontario.

Culture
The reserve is also home to the Wiikwemkong Cultural Festival (Wiikwemkoong Pow-Wow) which is held annually every Civic Holiday weekend (first weekend in August).

This annual event is touted as the largest and oldest pow-wow in Eastern Canada. Considered to be one of the major pow wows in North America, it is attended by many aboriginal dancers who participate in competition of all age ranges, demonstrating traditional, grass, jingle and fancy dancing.

Wiikwemkoong is also home to a professional theatre company, De-ba-jeh-mu-jig Theatre Group, which stages and produces plays about First Nations life and culture, within the mission's ruins next to Holy Cross Church.

Notable people

 * Jeannette Corbiere Lavell, Indigenous women's rights advocate
 * Josephine Mandamin, environmental activist
 * Leonard S. Mandamin, Federal Court of Canada judge
 * Daphne Odjig, Odawa/Potawatomi artist
 * Autumn Peltier, water activist
 * Sladen Peltier, actor
 * Peggy Margaret Pitawanakwat, first woman chief, in 1997
 * Joseph Shawana, chef
 * Crystal Shawanda, country music singer/songwriter
 * Kelly Babstock, PWHL hockey player
 * Chris Simon, NHL hockey player
 * Shayne Corson, NHL hockey player

title: Wiikwemkoong First Nation


text:
Westfall

Westfall may refer to:

 * Anne Westfall, game programmer
 * Bob Westfall, American football player
 * Buzz Westfall, American lawyer and politician
 * Catherine Westfall, American historian of science
 * Ed Westfall, hockey player
 * Gary Westfall, American physicist and textbook author
 * James Westfall, jazz vibraphonist
 * Minter Jackson Westfall, American entomologist
 * Morris Westfall, American politician
 * Richard S. Westfall, American historian of science
 * Stacy Westfall, horse trainer
 * Steve Westfall (born 1955), American politician from West Virginia
 * Thomas D. Westfall, American politician and FBI agent

title: Westfall


text:
Redlynch, Wiltshire

Redlynch is a village and civil parish about 6.5 mi southeast of Salisbury in Wiltshire, England. The parish includes the villages of Morgan's Vale and Woodfalls immediately west and southwest of Redlynch; the village of Lover, 1 mi southeast of Redlynch; and the hamlet of Bohemia, south of Lover. Much of the parish lies within the boundaries of the New Forest National Park.

The River Blackwater rises near Lover and flows east through the parish towards Landford and Hampshire, where it joins the Test.

History
The earliest settlement was at Pensworth, north of Grove Copse and northwest of the present Redlynch, in the 12th or 13th century. This village had declined by the 15th century and in the 20th century the name survived only as Upper Pensworth Farm.

In the 18th century settlement was along roads and the edges of commons. Settlement increased in the 19th century, at Redlynch and at Warminster Green (called Lover since 1876) where the church and school were built.

Redlynch was home to the clockmaker Peter Bower (1715/21 – 1795) who resided close to the site now known as Bowers Hill.

Religious sites
Redlynch parish church of Saint Mary at Lover is a yellow brick building dating from 1837. Originally part of Downton parish, a separate ecclesiastical district was created for the church in 1841. The vicarage was the childhood home of Bernard Walke who served as an Anglican priest in three Cornish parishes.

The Church of St Birinus at Morgan's Vale was built as a chapel of ease to Downton in 1894–96. It is a red brick Gothic Revival building with stone dressings and Perpendicular Gothic style windows. It was designed by the Gothic Revival architect C. E. Ponting of Marlborough in the style of his architectural contemporary W. D. Caroe. The church gained its own parish in 1915. The benefices of the two Redlynch churches were combined in 1968; as of 2016 the incumbent resides at Downton.

Woodfalls Methodist Church was built in 1874 by the Primitive Methodists and joined the Salisbury Methodist Circuit in the 1940s.

Notable buildings
Redlynch House, built by John Bailey (d. pre-1822), was acquired at some time before 1833, with its 25-acre park, by Rev. William Nelson, 1st Earl Nelson (1757–1835) (elder brother and heir of Admiral Horatio Nelson) of nearby Trafalgar Park, Wiltshire, as a residence for his son-in-law Samuel Hood, 2nd Baron Bridport, also of Cricket House, Cricket St Thomas in Somerset.

Newhouse, east of Redlynch on the road towards Whiteparish, was built c. 1619. The house and estate were bought in 1633 by Giles Eyre (father of Sir Giles Eyre, member of Parliament and judge) and continue to be held by his descendants. The house is constructed from English bonded brick with limestone dressings and has a distinctive Y-shaped plan; it was designated as Grade I listed in 1960. There is an early 18th-century granary and two stable blocks, from 1750 and the late 19th. In 2021, the Newhouse Estate was offered for sale with an asking price of £18 million.

Governance
The civil parish elects a parish council. It is in the area of Wiltshire Council unitary authority, which performs most significant local government functions.

Redlynch was formerly part of Downton parish. It became a separate civil parish in 1896, which in 1901 had 310 houses. The parish was enlarged in 1934 to include the former parish of Morgan's Vale and Woodfalls (which had been separated from Downton in 1923, and had a population of 630 in 1931), and Nomansland. A community governance review effective 1 April 2017 transferred the eastern portion of Redlynch parish to Landford; the area transferred included the settlements of Nomansland and Hamptworth.

The parish is part of Redlynch and Landford electoral ward which stretches east from Redlynch to Landford. The population of the ward taken at the 2011 census was 4,719.

Amenities
Morgan's Vale and Woodfalls CE Primary School serves Morgan's Vale, Woodfalls, Lover and Redlynch; it was built as a National School in 1869, next to St Birinus' church.

Redlynch Village Hall is near the church at Lover. Built in 1922 as the church hall, it was modernised in the early 21st century. The parish has two pubs: the Kings Head at Redlynch and the Woodfalls Inn at Woodfalls.

title: Redlynch, Wiltshire