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South Africa Academy cricket team in Pakistan in 2005–06

The South African Academy team toured Pakistan for cricket matches against the Pakistan Academy in August 2005. The Academy team was made up of players aged around 20, who are all with the South African National Cricket Academy as trainees. Only one - Jean-Paul Duminy - had any international experience from before, having toured Sri Lanka in 2004. The Pakistan Academy, meanwhile, consisted of a similarly young team, with one player having Test experience. There were two four-day matches and three one-day matches scheduled. The four-day matches did not have first class status, nor did the one-day matches have List A status. The Academy teams are not to be confused with A teams, which are second-tier teams, while these seem to have their focus on youth cricket. Pakistan Academy dominated the series, only losing the final match, when the one-day series was already decided. They won the four-day series 1–0 and the one-day series 2–1.

Squads

 * South Africa: Francois du Plessis (captain), Brendon Adams, Ryan Canning, Jandre Coetzee, Jean-Paul Duminy, Ugasen Govender, Morné Morkel, Francis Nkuna, Mario Olivier, Aaron Phangiso, Vernon Philander, Thandi Tshabalala, Kyle Smit, Vaughn van Jaarsveld, Myles Williamson.
 * Pakistan: Hasan Raza (captain), Aamer Sajjad, Agha Sabir, Fahad Masood, Fawad Alam (OD only), Jannisar Khan, Khalid Latif, Khurram Manzoor, Mansoor Amjad, Mohammad Irshad, Najaf Shah, Nasir Jamshed, Rizwan Akbar (OD only), Shahid Yousuf, Tahir Khan, Tariq Mahmood, Yasir Ali, Zulqarnain Haider

First 4-day match, Pakistan Academy v South Africa Academy (11–13 August)
Pakistan Academy won by nine wickets

After the first two days at National Stadium were closely fought, the tourists imploded to hand Pakistan the victory and a 1–0 lead in the 2-match series. It had started well for South Africa, which Myles Williamson - without any first-class experience - making 31, while Thandi Tshabalala and Jean-Paul Duminy made fifties. At 174 for 3, South Africa looked confident, but Pakistan fought back. Yasir Ali ripped through the lower order with six wickets, all caught behind, lbw or bowled, as South Africa were all out for 248, Duminy left stranded on 82 not out. South Africa's fielding effort started well, with Ugasen Govender taking three wickets as Pakistan crawled to 84 for 5, but thanks to 19-year-old Zulqarnain Haider, who made 76, the innings was turned around. South Africa still led by 12 after the first innings, which was completed eight overs into day three, but Yasir continued with his good bowling, and wicket-keeper Zulqarnain held four catches as South Africa crawled to 118 - Vaughn van Jaarsveld the only batsman to pass 20 with his 46. Pakistan were set 131 to win, and did it with ease, Shahid Yousuf scoring 83 not out as they passed the target with nine wickets to spare. Cricketarchive scorecard

Second 4-day match, Pakistan Academy v South Africa Academy (18–21 August)
Match drawn

Despite declaring twice in an attempt to get a result, the South African team was very nearly beaten in this match at Gaddafi Stadium. Having won the toss and chosen to bat, they immediately lost two wickets to their tormentor, Yasir Ali, and at 121 for 5 things looked grim. However, Jean-Paul Duminy played what is possibly his highest innings of his career, flaying the Pakistani bowlers for an incredible 265 not out - well supported by Ryan Canning, who notched up 112 runs before captain Francois du Plessis declared. With the total 470 for 5 - the partnership having added 349 runs together - South Africa managed to dig into the Pakistani batsmen at regular intervals on day three, and despite 85 from Shahid Yousuf they could only post 303. Ugasen Govender and Vernon Philander both got figures of three wickets for 43. In reply, South Africa made hay quickly, scoring 162 for 5 in 34 overs and giving themselves plenty of time to bowl Pakistan out - setting them what was thought to be a challenging target of 330. However, despite four wickets from Morné Morkel, Shahid Yousuf and Hasan Raza made centuries, and when the final over of the day was bowled, the hosts needed 13 runs to complete the whitewash and win the series 2-0. They could only make six - however, they still took the series, with 1-0 in two Tests. Cricketarchive scorecard

First 1-day match, Pakistan Academy v South Africa Academy (24 August)
Pakistan Academy won by 84 runs

Pakistan Academy continued their good run, winning the first of three one-day games. In these games, 12 players could be named, but only 11 could bat, meaning that a team could choose to pick one player to only bowl. Hasan Raza, coming off an unbeaten century in the four-day game, continued to impress, hitting a well-paced 70 as Pakistan Academy made their way to 244 for 8. The South African reply was stopped dead by pacer Mohammad Irshad, who took six for 21 as the South Africans collapsed to 160. Irshad's first two wickets were number two Coetzee and number three Smit, both bowled for 0 and 2 respectively. Cricketarchive scorecard

Second 1-day match, Pakistan Academy v South Africa Academy (26 August)
Pakistan Academy won by 39 runs

Pakistan Academy secured the series with a 39-run win at the Gaddafi Stadium, going up 2–0 in the three-game series. Having been put in to bat by the South African captain, the Pakistani openers Agha Sabir and Khurram Manzoor added 140 for the first wicket. Despite three wickets from Mario Olivier, and two run outs, Pakistan still managed 280 before being bowled out nine balls short of the 50 over limit. South Africa got off to a poor start when Irshad had Williamson bowled for a two-ball duck in the first over, but Francois du Plessis and Ryan Canning put them back on track with a fine fifth-wicket partnership worth 80. When that partnership was broken, however, the tourists collapsed, ending on 241 all out. Cricketarchive scorecard

Third 1-day match, Pakistan Academy v South Africa (28 August)
South Africa Academy won by 4 runs (D/L method)

In a match reduced by rain, the South African Academy came back to record their first victory of the tour in the final game. Winning the toss and opting to bat at the Sheikhupura Stadium in Lahore, they lost Tshabalala early, but Williamson and Smit sent them back on track with a 61-run partnership. The middle and lower order then smacked the bowlers about, van Jaarsveld and Phangiso hitting three sixes between them in quickfire innings, as South Africa closed on 164 for 9. Mansoor Amjad took four wickets for Pakistan, but conceded 57 runs from five overs in the process. Due to rain having interrupted South Africa's innings, Pakistan were set 176 to win, and were in trouble early as Philander and Govender took wickets to peg them back to 12 for 3. Hasan Raza made another big innings, with 67 not out, but could not hit quickly enough as Pakistan fell five runs short of the target, ending on 171 for 5. Cricketarchive scorecard


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HNoMS Fridtjof Nansen (1930)

Fridtjof Nansen was the first ship in the Norwegian armed forces to be built specially to perform coast guard and fishery protection duties in the Arctic. She saw service in the Second World War with the Royal Norwegian Navy until she ran aground on an unmarked shallow at Jan Mayen in November 1940.

Construction
Fridtjof Nansen was constructed with yard number 118 at the Royal Norwegian Naval Yard at Karljohansvern in Horten. She was launched on 5 November 1930, and command was assumed on 29 May 1931 by Commander Ole A. Blom.

1933 sinking
On 21 December 1933 Fridtjof Nansen departed the port of Hammerfest on her way to her patrol areas in eastern Finnmark. While passing through Vestervågen in Måsøy Municipality, she ran aground and sank the next night. She was raised the next year and taken to Horten for repairs.

Norwegian Campaign
At the outbreak of war in Norway with the German invasion on 9 April 1940, Fridtjof Nansen was posted to the Finnmark detachment of the 3rd Naval District covering North Norway. When the German invasion began Fridtjof Nansen was operating from the port of Honningsvåg in Finnmark.

Escape abroad
After surviving several air attacks without damage during the Norwegian Campaign Fridtjof Nansen was one of the thirteen Royal Norwegian Navy vessels that made it to the United Kingdom, as she escaped westwards at the dawn of the 10 June 1940 mainland Norwegian capitulation. On 8 June 1940 she took on board in Tromsø Rear Admiral Henry E. Diesen, foreign minister Halvdan Koht and General Carl Gustav Fleischer, in addition to some other refugees. Among those who escaped on Fridtjof Nansen were some 20-25 anti-Nazi German refugees. One of the Germans fleeing with his family on Fridtjof Nansen, was Dadaist painter Kurt Schwitters.

She arrived at Tórshavn on the Faroe Islands on 13 June and sailed on at 0600 on 16 June to Rosyth in Scotland in the company of six other Norwegian warships. The Norwegian vessels were escorted from Tórshavn by the British destroyer HMS Veteran, the destroyer HMS Kelvin and two trawlers joining the convoy later during the journey. After her arrival at Rosyth on 18 June work began on making Fridtjof Nansen war ready.

In exile
From 29 August 1940 she was posted as a patrol vessel in Iceland to reinforce the British naval forces there. On 8 November she ran aground on an unmarked shallow off the south coast of the Norwegian Arctic island of Jan Mayen and sank. The crew of 67 all survived the shipwreck. After the loss of their ship, the crew reached land at the Eggøya peninsula, and took shelter in the abandoned Norwegian radio station on Jan Mayen. The shipwrecked crew made preparations to send a boat to Iceland to retrieve help. Help arrived before the boat could leave, when the naval trawler HNoMS Honningsvåg came from Iceland four days later, responding to the emergency messages the crew had sent before Fridtjof Nansen had to be abandoned. The crew was brought back to Iceland.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: HNoMS Fridtjof Nansen (1930)


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User talk:Scote

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, you can post to the help desk or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! - UtherSRG (talk) 18:16, August 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Scote


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Talk:Blue & Gold

Boy Scouts
Isn't blue and gold the colors of the American Boy Scouts? I remember having a "Blue and Gold dinner" when I was a Cub scout. --Blackcap | talk 18:16, August 25, 2005 (UTC)

This page stinks of vanity. I propose that it should be deleted. Nr9 07:58, 14 November 2006 (UTC)

Merged
No arguments against the merge proposal for >6 weeks. I've merged the relevant information from this article to Taipei American School. Kafziel Complaint Department 17:04, 6 June 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Blue & Gold


text: Template:American Chopper

title: Template:American Chopper


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Termini Station (film)

Termini Station is a 1989 Canadian drama film directed by Allan King and written by Colleen Murphy.

The film stars Colleen Dewhurst and Megan Follows as Molly and Micheline Dushane, a mother and daughter living in a small Northern Ontario town. Molly is an alcoholic, which creates tension between her and Micheline, while Micheline is a retail clerk and part-time prostitute who dreams of escaping her stifling small-town existence. The film's cast also includes Gordon Clapp and Debra McGrath as Molly's son and daughter-in-law, as well as Gordon Pinsent in flashbacks as Molly's deceased husband and Micheline's father, who unsuccessfully attempted to kill Micheline before committing suicide.

Termini Station was filmed on location in Kirkland Lake, Ontario.

Distribution
The film premiered at the 1989 Toronto International Film Festival in September 1989. Its second screening was at the inaugural Cinéfest Sudbury International Film Festival two weeks later.

Critical response
The film received mixed reviews from critics. Rick Groen of The Globe and Mail praised how King's background in documentary filmmaking had influenced the film's depiction of the "permanently half-finished look of the mid-North", but criticized the screenplay as melodramatic, while Peter Goddard of the Toronto Star called the cast talented but wasted, and concluded that "Canadiana any more Gothic than this and you could put an Elmira stove in it and sell it in Harrowsmith."

Marke Andrews of the Vancouver Sun wrote that the film's only redeeming quality was that it liberated Follows from her wholesome Anne of Green Gables image, while Wendy Dudley of the Calgary Herald suggested that King's choice to cast Dewhurst and Follows together as a mother and daughter, so soon after the Anne of Green Gables films, was one of the film's biggest problems, concluding that "it's hard to accept Marilla as a drunk and Anne as a whore."

The Los Angeles Times, conversely, acknowledged that the film "is stuck in the usual kitchen-sink realism that makes the Anglo-Canadian--as opposed to the often exciting Quebecois--cinema so often dull", but praised the cast, and Dewhurst in particular, for their performances.

Awards
The film was nominated for six awards at the 11th Genie Awards: Best Picture, Best Actress (Dewhurst, Follows), Best Original Screenplay (Murphy), Best Overall Sound (Sal Grimaldi, Joe Grimaldi, Dino Pigat and Peter Shewchuk), and Best Sound Editing (Terry Burke, David Templeton, Ralph Brunjes, and Brian Ravok).

title: Termini Station (film)


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Cornell Dairy

Cornell University Dairy Cattle Teaching and Research Center or Cornell Dairy is about a 25-minute drive from Cornell University's Ithaca, New York campus and is home to over 900 milk-producing cows. The milk is used to make various signature products, including ice cream, cheese, and yogurt, which are sold on campus. The products are also served in Cornell Dining facilities for students and faculty consumption. The dairy is used as a training facility for students in both the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences and the College of Veterinary Medicine.

The Cornell Dairy Bar is located near the Agriculture Quad and sells ice cream designed by undergraduate students. Flavors include the common strawberry, vanilla, and chocolate, and the more esoteric Dean's Berry Swirl, Clocktower Pumpkin and Banana Berry Skorton. The Dairy Bar temporarily closed on June 18, 2010 to undergo renovations as part of a larger remodeling project of Stocking Hall. A newly remodeled Bar reopened Fall 2013. In May 2017, to celebrate Cornell University's commencement speaker, former Vice President Joe Biden, the Dairy Bar created and sold the flavor "Big Red, White, and Biden."

The Cornell University Department of Food Science operates the Cornell Dairy, which manufactures such items as ice cream, milk, and yogurt. These products are provided to the network of Dining Units throughout campus and also are sold in Stocking Hall on the main campus, at the Dairy Bar. The 800+ cows that are the source of the milk for the Cornell Dairy, are located some 20 minutes away. The Cornell University Department of Animal Science operates the farm.

title: Cornell Dairy


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Geoff Agnew

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Speedy delete. HappyCamper 06:42, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

Geoff Agnew
Non-notable, possibly a hoax. Tonywalton | Talk 18:18, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy under A7, appearing on the Weakest Link is not an assertion of notability. - ulayiti (talk)  18:22, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * It was the "death by simultaneous bolts of lightning" bit that I was taking as an assertion of notability, to be honest. It's getting more notable not to have been on Weakest Link. No hits at all on the lightning, though - I do wonder if it's a hoax due to Geoff Agnew of Larne's contribution to a BBC web-based debate on stem cell research here, but the dates don't make sense as that debate closed in December last year. I'd be happy to see it speedied, though. Tonywalton | Talk 18:56, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Comment. I must admit, still scratching my head here, I find a Larne rugby playing Geoff Agnew here. I look at the first post to this and think it's too unlikely to be a hoax. Alf 20:10, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The hoax part is the thing that says he was struck by lightning. The rest is just vanity. - ulayiti (talk)  21:08, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not a clear speedy, but definitely deletable. Fernando Rizo T/C 23:17, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Unverifiable. "Geoff Agnew" +lightning gets no hits on Google. Angela. 00:24, August 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Even if it were so, being struck by lightning does not make one notable. And hell, I've been on "Weakest Link". Denni ☯ 01:02, 2005 August 26 (UTC)
 * Pah. I've been on 15~1. And I'm still not notable. Tonywalton  | Talk

 * Delete. - Mailer Diablo 16:17, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Seskinore

Seskinore or Seskanore  is a small village and townland in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. It is 4 km northeast of Fintona and 9 km southeast of Omagh. The village had a population of 162 in the 2001 Census.

Geography
The name Seskinore is derived from the Irish Seisceann Mhór, which means "big marsh/bog", and the area to the north on the way to Omagh is characterised by lowland raised bog. Pike's Province of Ulster (1909) described the area thus: "The country is undulating with bogs in parts which make hunting difficult".

Seskinore Forest, 1 mi north of the village, is a mixed broadleaf and coniferous woodland which dates from at least 1833.

History
Little is known about the origins of the village but there is proof that it existed in the early part of the 17th century when at least two of its inhabitants were listed as paying Hearth Tax.

Following the marriage of Mary Perry to Alexander McClintock in 1781, the village became the family seat of the McClintock family, who had settled in Ulster in 1597 from Argyll, Scotland. The McClintock family were enthusiastic huntsmen and in 1860 they established the "Tyrone Hunt", which was renamed the "Seskinore Hunt" in 1886.

Schools
The village has one primary school, McClintock Primary School, which is at the south end of the Main Street on land donated by Lt. Col. John Knox McClintock. Building of the school began in 1900 and it opened in 1902. It was originally known as Seskinore No.2 National School as there was also at one time a Chapel School.

Churches
Even though it is a small village, Seskinore has three churches: Previously a school house on the McClintock Estate, situated at the junction of the Beragh and Omagh Roads, served as a place of worship for members of the Church of Ireland in the Seskinore area for the greater part of the 19th Century. In 1890 the McClintock family build the present Chapel of Ease. The church has a fine picturesque woodland setting and was built as a Chapel of Ease to the Parish Church at Clogherny. The church holds the distinction of being the oldest religious edifice in the village having been built c. 1827. The congregation here was called Newtownparry after the original name of the village. The General Assembly in 1898 granted a request that the name be changed to Seskinore Presbyterian Church. The Catholic Church in the village was originally a dwelling house which was purchased, in 1839, by the Catholic Community and was enlarged and fitted out as a place of worship. Extensive repairs were carried out c.1906 and it has remained substantially unchanged since.
 * Seskinore Parish Church (Church of Ireland) also known as the Chapel of Ease
 * Seskinore Presbyterian Church
 * St. Malachy's Church (Catholic)

Notable people

 * Rose Kavanagh from Killadroy - Editor, writer, poet; Uncle Remus in The Irish Fireside Club (Freeman's Journal); part of the Gaelic Revival and the Irish Literary Revival

title: Seskinore


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Blokus

Blokus is an abstract strategy board game for two to four players, where players try to score points by occupying most of the board with pieces of their colour. The board is a square regular grid and the pieces are polyominoes. It was designed by French mathematician Bernard Tavitian and first released in 2000 by Sekkoïa, a French company. It has won several awards, including the Mensa Select award and the 2004 Teacher's Choice Award. In 2009, the game was sold to Mattel.

Gameplay
The game is played on a square board divided into 20 rows and 20 columns, for a total of 400 squares. There are a total of 89 game tiles, organized into 21 shapes in each of the four colors: blue, yellow, red, and green. The 21 shapes are based on free polyominoes of one to five squares (one monomino, one domino, two trominoes/triominoes, five tetrominoes, and 12 pentominoes). These shapes are the first in the A000105 sequence.

The standard rules of play for all variations of the game are as follows: Once the game ends, each player counts every square on the piece(s) that they did not place on the board, each counting as a negative (−1) point (e.g., an unplayed tetromino is worth −4 points). A player who played all of their pieces is awarded a 15-point bonus. If the last piece played was a monomino, provided that all pieces of own color have been played, the player is awarded a 20-point bonus instead. The player with the highest score wins.
 * Order of play is based on the color of pieces: blue, yellow, red, green.
 * The first piece played of each color is placed in one of the board's four corners. Each new piece played must be placed so that it touches at least one piece of the same color by corner, i.e. only corner-to-corner contact is allowed between pieces of the same color. On the other hand, there is no restriction on how pieces of different colors touch each other.
 * When a player cannot place a piece, they pass, and play continues as normal. The game ends when no one can place any more pieces.

Two- and three-player variations
Blokus rules also allow for two and three player games. In two-player games, each player takes two colors. In three-player games, either one of the players takes two colors or else "the pieces of the fourth color are placed on the board in a non-strategic way".

Variations and spinoffs
Sekkoïa and its distributors manufacture four additional variants of the game.

Blokus Duo
Blokus Duo is for two players only, and uses a smaller board (14 × 14); the pieces are opaque with black and white colors (originally translucent with purple and orange colors). The two starting squares are placed, not in the corner (as in the original Blokus game), but nearer to the centre. This makes a crucial difference in the flavour of the game, because players' pieces may (and usually do) touch after the first move. Even more than with the original game, Blokus Duo is an offense-centered game; it is also a much purer strategy game than the four-player game, since one is not in danger of getting ganged up on by three other players (as sometimes happens with the four-player version).

Blokus Trigon
Blokus Trigon uses pieces made up of triangles rather than squares (polyiamonds) and is played on a hexagonal board. This particular variant is optimized for three players but can be played with 2 to 4 players. The same rules apply, meaning that pieces of the same color are still not allowed to touch each other's edges; however, as it is isometric, a corner touching an edge is allowed.

Blokus Giant/XL
Blokus Giant is a larger version, with the game board being about 570 mm square. It was later released by Mattel as Blokus XL.

Blokus Junior
Blokus Junior is targeted at younger children. Like Blokus Duo, it is played by two players on a 14×14 board, but it uses only a subset of the pieces that have simpler shapes. There are 12 unique pieces. Each player gets two of each kind, 24 in total. The game also comes with a set of single-player puzzle sheets, each containing a preset piece position on the board and a set of pieces to place into the board following standard Blokus rules.

Travel Blokus/Blokus To Go!
Travel Blokus was released as the smaller version of Blokus Duo, then re-released as Blokus To Go! with pieces that could be snapped into the board for storage. Travel Blokus was later re-released as the smaller version of the original Blokus game, rather than Blokus Duo.

Blokus 3D
Blokus 3D, originally marketed in a Mayan theme as Rumis, uses pieces made up of unit cubes, in every permutation of three and four cubes in three dimensions. Stefan Kögl created Rumis independently from Bernard Tavitian, and is thus not related. However, Rumis was rebranded into Blokus 3D since the Blokus brand proved stronger than Rumis. There is also a major rule change; instead of being required to place pieces so they touch corner-to-corner, a piece must be placed such that it touches a face of another piece of the same color. Also, a player placing a piece cannot do so if it would create any empty space underneath any part of the piece. The objective is to build one of four different structures, each with its own placement limitations: the Tower, Wall, Steps, and Pyramid. Players attempt to place their blocks to make sure they have as many squares of their color on top of the structure as possible. At the end of the game, the player with the most squares from the top view wins.

Video games
There have been video games based on Blokus. Irem was the first to develop such a kind of video game, in the form of what is known as Blokus Club with Bumpy Trot. Released in Japan in 2005 for the PlayStation 2, and one year later for the PlayStation Portable, the game features characters from Steambot Chronicles (Bumpy Trot in Japan) playing the Classic, Travel, and Duo versions of the game. The game received an international release in 2008, under the name Blokus Portable: Steambot Championship.

Funkitron developed a PC casual game version of Blokus called Blokus World Tour. Released in December 2007, Blokus World Tour was similar to the board game version of Blokus but also featured 16 AI opponents, music and sound effects, and multiple game modes, including a tour mode, quick play, and a challenge series.

For some time, there was an official online version of Blokus where players all over the world could play the four official variations of Blokus. Mattel discontinued the online game on May 18, 2012, stating it did not meet its playability standards.

Gameloft developed and released an official Blokus video game for iPhone, iPod Touch, and iPad in April 2010, featuring the Classic and Duo versions of the game, local and online multiplayer gameplay, and single player tournament mode. The Gameloft version was also released as a digital download game for the PlayStation 3 in December 2010. All editions of the Gameloft Blokus game were discontinued in January 2014.

The most recent officially licensed Blokus app was developed by Magmic, and was available for iPhone, iPod Touch, and iPad. This version included solo play and multiplayer options, integrating the users' Facebook and Game Center friends and allowing them to compete on a tournament leaderboard. The Magmic Blokus game was delisted from the App Store in December 2018.

Clone video games
There are also video games based on Blokus, but not officially licensed. For example, a mobile game app named Quadrus, available since January 2014. Websites such as Pentolla.com and LeFun.fun also include a game based on Blokus, the latter referred to as Bloco.

Open-source derivatives based on the same concept of polyominoes as Blokus also exist, such as: Blokish, Blockem, or Pentobi. Of note, Freebloks 3D is a free desktop version whose online multiplayer is cross-compatible with Freebloks for Android smartphones.

Lastly, one free, closed-source implementation is Blokee, playable immediately on the Web with other players and/or AI, and requiring no software download nor account setup to play.

Reviews

 * Family Games: The 100 Best

title: Blokus


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Talk:Secaucus Junction

Restored service to Secaucus on the Raritan Valley Line
As of November 2019, one-seat off-peak service to NY Penn is back on for the RVL, meaning that the "service suspended" note on the Services sidebar is invalid. New Timetable from NJTransit's website

title: Talk:Secaucus Junction


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Photon: The Ultimate Game on Planet Earth

Photon was the name of the first commercial lasertag arenas. The company also came out with a home lasertag game, and there were various media tie-ins: a TV show also called Photon and a series of novels by Peter David.

History
George Carter III came up with the idea for Photon while watching Star Wars when it premiered in 1977. In 1982, research and development started in earnest, and the first Photon center in the Dallas suburb of Garland, Texas, opened in March 1984. The original architect for Photon was J.C. Collins and his prototype was installed in the center at Garland, Texas in early 1984. The system was redesigned to facilitate production and improve performance after prototyping by a formal engineering team led by Kirk Gay, Dan Sellari and Roger Hunter of Dallas, Texas. The first franchisee opened in Toronto in June 1985.

The home units were introduced in 1986 as an Entertech product, at the same time as the Lazer Tag brand units of competitor Worlds of Wonder. Both companies were very successful in the Christmas shopping season of 1986.

By 1987, 70 franchise licenses had been sold and 45 arenas were operating.

In 1989, lack of financing and loss of franchise revenue forced the corporation to sell off its assets and cease operations.

In 2007, a new Photon center was constructed in Broken Arrow, Oklahoma. It opened on July 1, 2008, but on September 9, 2008, after less than 9 weeks, lack of business revenue forced the center to cease operations.

In 2014, a former Photon operator has begun an IndieGoGo campaign to bring Photon back for a reunion party.

In 2019, the same former Photon operator continued to hold a once a year "Phocon" event where the original Photon equipment would be used throughout the weekend.

In 2020, principal photography began on a documentary titled Let There Be Light: Photon, and the Birth, Life, and Legacy of Laser Tag, which is set to chronicle the creation of Photon and the impact it had on laser tag, through interviews with former players, staff members, and George Carter III. Let There Be Light on IMDb

Technology and gameplay
While primitive compared to technology today, entailing wearing 15 pounds of battery packs and equipment, Photon was one of the first video game-like experiences that one could play in the real world. The arenas featured multiple levels, catwalks, mazes, and an observation deck where people not participating could cheer on their friends in the game, or get target practice by shooting players from special token-operated emplacements. (Shots from observation deck guns did not affect the game in any way at most arenas.) This contrasted sharply with competing laser-tag centers, whose fields were small, single-level, composed of clusters of free-standing painted cardboard barriers, and typically contained no observation area of any sort. Also, in Photon, players were allowed to roam at will through the entire playing field rather than be restricted to team-specific zones.

Photon players joined either a red or green team (solo games were also an option, called “free-for-alls”), and played in an arena. Dramatic music by Ken Caillat, strobe effects, and smoke machines were used in the arena during games to enhance play. Players gained points for shooting other players and for shooting the enemy team's base. Players lost points for being shot ("zapped" in game terminology) or by shooting teammates. (A player "zapping" a teammate would lose a massive amount of score and be automatically "zapped" himself.) One feature of the game was that no player could be "zapped" more than three consecutive times by the same player. This forced players to vary, or "clear", their targets before being able to score points on the same player again. When "zapped", a player's weapon would be inert for five seconds and then reactivate automatically, with no need to "charge up" at a base as was required in the games of competitors. At some locations, the amount of time a player's weapon would be inert would vary based on score. A player with a high score would have an inert weapon for up to 10 seconds. For safety reasons, referees would try to enforce a rule that you must be at least 5 feet away from an opponent that you are shooting. Photon used an infrared gun and receiver system, which did not actually fire visible lasers. As technology improved and more arenas opened, IR guns using a visible laser and a built in gun site began to appear in gameplay.

Customers joined by purchasing a photo ID badge (ranging in price at different areas from $10–35), and then paid a per-game fee (or a blanket fee on special nights that allowed unlimited play). Games lasted six minutes, with cues from the soundtrack that regular players could utilize for more strategic games. During game play, monitors on the observation deck and in the waiting areas showed scoring, with players listed under self-chosen handles. Most players referred to each other by their handles, which became its own identity, instead of their real names. League players in retail games would often tag their handles with their team names, like multiplayers do today, to distinguish themselves from the "noobs" or new players.

In many franchises, Photon leagues were formed, and tournament games were held regularly. Tactics and strategy were a big part of league competition and rules governing the covering of IR sensors were often implemented for players that would obscure their ability to get hit by pressing against walls or wearing their helmet high on the head to avoid being zapped by straight on shots. This included "cocking", which was described as cocking your head back to obscure the helmet, holding your gun slightly down between shooting to avoid direct gun shots, while covering your breastplate with your hand.


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Talk:Early East Midlands Railway Schemes

I doubt if Newcastle "Central" station had been thought of then. Chevin 18:19, 25 August 2005 (UTC)


text: Category:Club de Gimnasia y Esgrima La Plata footballers


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Mary Elphinstone, Lady Elphinstone

Mary Frances Elphinstone, Lady Elphinstone GCVO (née Bowes-Lyon; 30 August 1883 – 8 February 1961), was a British aristocrat. She was an elder sister of Queen Elizabeth of the United Kingdom later The Queen Mother, and a maternal aunt and godmother of Queen Elizabeth II.

Early life
Lady Elphinstone was born The Honourable Mary Frances Bowes-Lyon on 30 August 1883 in Angus, Scotland, to Claude Bowes-Lyon, 14th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne and Cecilia Cavendish-Bentinck. She was an elder sister of Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon known as Queen Elizabeth of the United Kingdom (later The Queen Mother).

Personal life
Lady Mary married Sidney Elphinstone, 16th Lord Elphinstone (1869–1955) on 24 July 1910 in Westminster. Lord Elphinstone inherited extensive estates, some of which had been in the family since the reign of King David II of Scotland. He served as a governor of the Bank of Scotland, Lord Clerk Register of Scotland and Keeper of the Signet and Lord High Commissioner of the Church of Scotland. The couple had five children:
 * The Hon. Mary Elizabeth Elphinstone (2 July 1911 – 16 May 1980), who was a bridesmaid at the wedding of Prince Albert, Duke of York, and Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon in 1923.
 * John Elphinstone, 17th Lord Elphinstone (22 March 1914 – 15 November 1975)
 * The Hon. Jean Constance Elphinstone (3 April 1915 – 29 November 1999), who married Captain John Lycett Wills (29 May 1910 – 1 October 1999). Their daughter Marilyn was a god-daughter of Princess Margaret and a bridesmaid at her 1960 wedding.
 * The Rev. The Hon. Andrew Charles Victor Elphinstone (10 November 1918 – 19 March 1975), who married Jean Frances Hambro (22 February 1923 – 7 December 2017) and had issue. His wife was a Lady-in-Waiting to Queen Elizabeth II.
 * The Hon. Margaret Elphinstone (9 June 1925 – 25 November 2016), who married Denys Rhodes (9 July 1919 – 30 October 1981) and had issue. She was a bridesmaid at the 1947 wedding of the then Princess Elizabeth and Prince Philip.

In 1937, Lady Elphinstone attended her sister and brother-in-law's coronation whereby she sat behind her niece Princess Elizabeth, who would be the future queen, in the royal box. She was one of the leading guests in the wedding of Princess Elizabeth and Philip Mountbatten in 1947.

Lord Elphinstone died at their home Carberry Tower, Musselburgh, on 28 November 1955. Lady Elphinstone, who served as president of the Midlothian branch of the British Red Cross, died on 8 February 1961, aged 77, also at Carberry Tower in Inveresk, Scotland.

title: Mary Elphinstone, Lady Elphinstone


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PL/Perl

PL/Perl (Procedural Language/Perl) is a procedural language supported by the PostgreSQL RDBMS.

PL/Perl, as an imperative programming language, allows more control than the relational algebra of SQL. Programs created in the PL/Perl language are called functions and can use most of the features that the Perl programming language provides, including common flow control structures and syntax that has incorporated regular expressions directly. These functions can be evaluated as part of a SQL statement, or in response to a trigger or rule.

The design goals of PL/Perl were to create a loadable procedural language that:

 * can be used to create functions and trigger procedures,
 * adds control structures to the SQL language,
 * can perform complex computations,
 * can be defined to be either trusted or untrusted by the server,
 * is easy to use.

PL/Perl is one of many "PL" languages available for PostgreSQL PL/pgSQL PL/Java, plPHP, PL/Python, PL/R, PL/Ruby, PL/sh, and PL/Tcl.

title: PL/Perl


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Hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis

The hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis (HPG axis, also known as the hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian/testicular axis) refers to the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and gonadal glands as if these individual endocrine glands were a single entity. Because these glands often act in concert, physiologists and endocrinologists find it convenient and descriptive to speak of them as a single system.

The HPG axis plays a critical part in the development and regulation of a number of the body's systems, such as the reproductive and immune systems. Fluctuations in this axis cause changes in the hormones produced by each gland and have various local and systemic effects on the body.

The axis controls development, reproduction, and aging in animals. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is secreted from the hypothalamus by GnRH-expressing neurons. The anterior portion of the pituitary gland produces luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and the gonads produce estrogen and testosterone.

In oviparous organisms (e.g. fish, reptiles, amphibians, birds), the HPG axis is commonly referred to as the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal-liver axis (HPGL-axis) in females. Many egg-yolk and chorionic proteins are synthesized heterologously in the liver, which are necessary for ovocyte growth and development. Examples of such necessary liver proteins are vitellogenin and choriogenin.

The HPA, HPG, and HPT axes are three pathways in which the hypothalamus and pituitary direct neuroendocrine function.

Location and regulation
The hypothalamus is located in the brain and secretes GnRH. GnRH travels down the anterior portion of the pituitary via the hypophyseal portal system and binds to receptors on the secretory cells of the adenohypophysis. In response to GnRH stimulation these cells produce LH and FSH, which travel into the blood stream.

These two hormones play an important role in communicating to the gonads. In females FSH and LH act primarily to activate the ovaries to produce estrogen and inhibin and to regulate the menstrual cycle and ovarian cycle. Estrogen forms a negative feedback loop by inhibiting the production of GnRH in the hypothalamus. Inhibin acts to inhibit activin, which is a peripherally produced hormone that positively stimulates GnRH-producing cells. Follistatin, which is also produced in all body tissue, inhibits activin and gives the rest of the body more control over the axis. In males LH stimulates the interstitial cells located in the testicles to produce testosterone, and FSH plays a role in spermatogenesis. Only small amounts of estrogen are secreted in males. Recent research has shown that a neurosteroid axis exists, which helps the cortex to regulate the hypothalamus's production of GnRH.

In addition, leptin and insulin have stimulatory effects and ghrelin has inhibitory effects on gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion from the hypothalamus. Kisspeptin also influences GnRH secretion.

Reproduction
One of the most important functions of the HPG axis is to regulate reproduction by controlling the uterine and ovarian cycles. In females, the positive feedback loop between estrogen and luteinizing hormone help to prepare the follicle in the ovary and the uterus for ovulation and implantation. When the egg is released, the empty follicle sac begins to produce progesterone to inhibit the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary thus stopping the estrogen-LH positive feedback loop. If conception occurs, the placenta will take over the secretion of progesterone; therefore the mother cannot ovulate again. If conception does not occur, decreasing excretion of progesterone will allow the hypothalamus to restart secretion of GnRH. These hormone levels also control the uterine (menstrual) cycle causing the proliferation phase in preparation for ovulation, the secretory phase after ovulation, and menstruation when conception does not occur. The activation of the HPG axis in both males and females during puberty also causes individuals to acquire secondary sex characteristics.

In males, the production of GnRH, LH, and FSH are similar, but the effects of these hormones are different. FSH stimulates sustentacular cells to release androgen-binding protein, which promotes testosterone binding. LH binds to the interstitial cells, causing them to secrete testosterone. Testosterone is required for normal spermatogenesis and inhibits the hypothalamus. Inhibin is produced by the spermatogenic cells, which, also through inactivating activin, inhibits the hypothalamus. After puberty these hormones levels remain relatively constant.

Life cycle
The activation and deactivation of the HPG axis also helps to regulate life cycles. At birth FSH and LH levels are elevated, and females also have a lifetime supply of primary oocytes. These levels decrease and remain low through childhood. During puberty the HPG axis is activated by the secretions of estrogen from the ovaries or testosterone from the testes. This activation of estrogen and testosterone causes physiological and psychological changes. Once activated, the HPG axis continues to function in men for the rest of their life but becomes deregulated in women, leading to menopause. This deregulation is caused mainly by the lack of oocytes that normally produce estrogen to create the positive feedback loop. Over several years, the activity the HPG axis decreases and women are no longer fertile.

Although males remain fertile until death, the activity of the HPG axis decreases. As males age, the testes begin to produce less testosterone, leading to a condition known as post-pubertal hypogonadism. The cause of the decreased testosterone is unclear and a current topic of research. Post-pubertal hypogonadism results in progressive muscle mass decrease, increase in visceral fat mass, loss of libido, impotence, decreased attention, increased risk of fractures, and abnormal sperm production.

Sexual dimorphism and behavior
Sex steroids also affect behavior, because sex steroids affect the brains structure and functioning. During development, hormones help determine how neurons synapse and migrate to result in sexual dimorphisms. These physical differences lead to differences in behavior. While GnRH has not been shown to have any direct influence on regulating brain structure and function, gonadotropins, sex steroids, and activin have been shown to have such effects. It is thought that FSH may have an important role in brain development and differentiation.

Testosterone levels have been shown to relate to prosocial behavior. This helps create synaptogenesis by promoting neurite development and migration. Activin promotes neural plasticity throughout the lifespan and regulates the neurotransmitters of peripheral neurons. Environment can also affect hormones and behavior interaction.

Disorders
Disorders of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis are classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as:
 * WHO group I of ovulation disorders: Hypothalamic–pituitary failure
 * WHO group II of ovulation disorders: Hypothalamic–pituitary dysfunction. WHO group II is the most common cause of ovulation disorders, and the most common causative member is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Gene mutations
Genetic mutations and chromosomal abnormalities are two sources of HPG axis alteration. Single mutations usually lead to changes in binding ability of the hormone and receptor leading to inactivation or over activation. These mutations can occur in the genes coding for GnRH, LH, and FSH or their receptors. Depending on which hormone and receptor are unable to bind different effects occur but all alter the HPG axis.

For example, the male mutation of the GnRH coding gene could result in hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. A mutation that cause a gain of function for LH receptor can result in a condition known as testotoxicosis, which cause puberty to occur between ages 2–3 years. Loss of function of LH receptors can cause male pseudohermaphroditism. In females mutations would have analogous effects. Hormone replacement can be used to initiate puberty and continue if the gene mutation occurs in the gene coding for the hormone. Chromosomal mutations tend to affect the androgen production rather than the HPG axis.

Suppression
The HPG axis can be suppressed by hormonal birth control administration. Although often described as preventing pregnancy by mimicking the pregnancy state, hormonal birth control is effective because it works on the HPG axis to mimic the luteal phase of a woman's cycle. The primary active ingredients are synthetic progestins, which mimic biologically derived progesterone. The synthetic progestin prevents the hypothalamus from releasing GnRH and the pituitary from releasing LH and FSH; therefore it prevents the ovarian cycle from entering the menstrual phase and prevents follicle development and ovulation. Also as a result, many of the side effects are similar to the symptoms of pregnancy. Alzheimer's has been shown to have a hormonal component, which could possibly be used as a method to prevent the disease. Male contraceptives utilizing sex hormones approach the problem in a similar way.

The HPG axis can also be suppressed by GnRH antagonists or continuous administration of GnRH agonist, such as in the following applications
 * Ovarian suppression as breast cancer management, to prevent the body's formation of estrogen which may stimulate breast cancer cells. This is generally done by continuous administration of GnRH agonist.
 * Ovulation suppression as part of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation in in vitro fertilization, in order to prevent the spontaneous ovulation of ovarian follicles before they can be harvested.

Stimulation
Ovulation induction is usually initially performed by giving an antiestrogen such as clomifene citrate or letrozole in order to decrease negative feedback on the pituitary gland, resulting in an increase in FSH with the aim of increasing folliculogenesis. It is the main initial medical treatment for anovulation.

Environment factors
Environment can have large impact on the HPG axis. For example, women with eating disorders tend to have oligomenorrhea and secondary amenorrhea. Starvation from anorexia nervosa or bulimia causes the HPG axis to deactivate causing women's ovarian and uterine cycles to stop. Stress, physical exercise, and weight loss have been correlated with oligomenorrhea and secondary amenorrhea. Similarly environmental factors can also affect men such as stress causing impotence. Prenatal exposure to alcohol can affect the hormones regulating fetal development resulting in foetal alcohol spectrum disorder.

Comparative anatomy
The HPG axis is highly conserved in the animal kingdom. While reproductive patterns may vary, the physical components and control mechanisms remain the same. The same hormones are used with some minor evolutionary modifications. Much of the research is done on animal models, because they mimic so well the control mechanism of humans. It is important to remember humans are the only species to hide their fertile period, but this effect is a difference in the effect of the hormones rather than a difference in the HPG axis.

title: Hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis


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Santa Teresa Gallura

Santa Teresa Gallura (Gallurese: Lungoni, Lungone) is a town on the northern tip of Sardinia, on the Strait of Bonifacio, in the province of Sassari, Italy. The southern coast of French island Corsica can be seen from the beach. The city is one of several possible locations for the ancient city of Tibula.

It has a permanent population of about 5,000, increasing to 10,000 to 15,000 with summer tourism. The main town square has various tourist shops and restaurants; many of these close in the off-season. Immediately to the north of the town is Rena Bianca, Santa Teresa's beach.

title: Santa Teresa Gallura


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Jamame

Jamame (Jamaame, جمامة, Giamama formerly Villaggio Regina Margherita), also spelled Giamame, is a town in the southern Lower Juba (Jubbada Hoose) region of Somalia. There are many farms located near Jamame. The equator passes over the town.

Overview
Jamame is situated between the Somali Sea in the east, the agricultural land along the Jubba River in the west, and the port city of Kismayo in the south. It is the center of the Jamame District.

Since 2014, the Al-Shabaab Al-Mujahideen has controlled Jamaame. In June 2018, American Special Forces and Al-Shabaab fighters engaged in a firefight near Jamame, which killed one American soldier.

Demographics
In 2005, Jamame had a population of around 129,149 inhabitants according to the UNDP.

title: Jamame


text: User talk:63.18.170.33

title: User talk:63.18.170.33


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Aire Point to Carrick Du SSSI

Aire Point to Carrick Du SSSI is a Site of Special Scientific Interest on the Penwith Peninsula, Cornwall, England. It is 5.98 square kilometres in extent, stretching from to. The site is designated both for its biological and its geological interest.

The site includes a Nature Conservation Review site and eight Geological Conservation Review sites. The whole of the site is included in the Cornwall Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty and is within the Penwith Heritage Coast. Part of the site is within the West Penwith Environmentally Sensitive Area and some of the coast is owned and managed by the National Trust. The South West Coast Path, which follows the coast of south-west England from Somerset to Dorset passes through the SSSI.

History
The site or areas within it have previously been known by the following names:
 * Botallack Head to Cape Cornwall SSSI
 * Gurnard's Head and Porthmeor Cove, and Trevega and Trowan Cliffs SSSI
 * Cape Cornwall to Clodgy Point SSSI

The site (under its current boundaries) was notified on 26 May 1995, having first been notified in 1972. However the Botallack Head to Cape Cornwall SSSI was first scheduled in 1967, and the Gurnard's Head and Porthmeor Cove, and Trevega and Trowan Cliffs SSSI was first scheduled in 1951.

Description
Aire Point to Carrick Du is located on the west and north coast of the Penwith peninsula, extending from a point approximately 3 km north east of Land's End to St Ives. The site is dominated by vertical sea cliffs formed by the Land's End granite mass. The cliffs are topped by steep slopes punctuated by sheer castellated granite cams. Associated Devonian slates and basaltic rocks, altered by the intrusion of the granite, display fine examples of the effects of contact metamorphism. The soils, which are often thin, are generally acidic, well drained with a gritty, loamy texture and a humic surface horizon. Iron panning has impeded drainage locally and peaty soils have developed where wet flushes occur. Exposure to salt spray and the prevailing south westerly winds have resulted in a dwarfed vegetation.

Biological interest
The site supports populations of Red Data Book and nationally scarce plants and animals.

Plant communities present on the site
The vegetation of the cliffs exhibits a complex of maritime and sub-maritime communities. The cliff slopes and tops are characterised by maritime grassland, heath and scrub communities with frequent species rich flushes, particularly on the north coast. The cliff faces support a maritime rock-crevice community with thrift Armeria maritima, rock samphire Crithmum maritimum, sea aster Aster tripolium and sea spleenwort Asplenium marinum as common components. On the shallow soils of rock ledges and outcrops, a maritime therophyte community occurs where typical species include: English stonecrop Sedum anglicum, thrift, buck's-horn plantain Plantago coronopus and kidney vetch Anthyllis vulneraria. The grassland communities of the cliff slopes are dominated by red fescue Festuca rubra which often forms a matressy sward, and Yorkshire-fog Holcus lanatus. Thrift, wild carrot Daucus carota, sea campion Silene maritima, sea plantain Plantago maritima and ox-eye daisy Leucanthemum vulgare are common. Where trampling occurs, or on thin soils, the grassland is characterised by buck's-horn plantain, ribwort plantain Plantago lanceolata, kidney vetch and spring squill Scilla verna. bluebell Hyacinthoides non-scripta is found in more sheltered areas and on upper slopes where it is typically associated with coarse grasses, mainly cock's-foot Dactylis glomerata and scrub communities.

Extensive areas of heath occur generally higher up the cliff profile and on the cliff tops. These are dominated by heather Calluna vulgaris, bell heather Erica cinerea and western gorse Ulex gallii and often display the waved structure characteristic of exposure to saltladen winds. Spring squill, common bird's-foot trefoil Lotus corniculatus, sheep's-bit Jasione montana and wild thyme Thymus drucei are abundant. The maritime communities support two Red Data Book species - the eyebright species Euphrasia vigursii and early meadow-grass Poa infirma. Nationally scarce plant plants found here include lanceolate spleenwort Asplenium billotti, hairy bird's-foot trefoil Lotus subbiflorus and pale dog-violet Viola lactea.

Between Boscaswell Cliffs and Clodgy Point the site is characterised by a number of wet flushes and an extensive area of mire at Boswednack. The flushes are dominated by purple moor-grass Molinia caerulea and typical species occurring here include cross-leaved heath Erica tetralix, tormentil Potentilla erecta, sharp-flowered rush Juncus acutiflorus and royal fern Osmunda regalis. Other species of note associated with the wet flushes include bog asphodel Narthecium ossifragum, the cottongrass Eriophorum angustifolium and pale butterwort Pinguicula lusitanica. The nationally scarce plants Cornish moneywort Sibthorpia europaea and yellow bartsia Parentucellia viscosa are found at Boswednack.

Scrub communities, including pure stands of bracken Pteridium aquilinum occur on the cliff slopes and tops and particularly in the valleys. European gorse Ulex europaeus, bramble Rubus fruticosus agg. and blackthorn Prunus spinosa are frequent, associated with cock's-foot, bluebell and, locally, honeysuckle Lonicera periclymenum and ivy Hedera helix.

The site supports a typical Cornish cliff bryophyte flora and includes a number of rarities, most notably the Red Data Book moss Tortula solmsii.

The west facing section of the coast between Aire Point and Kenidjack Castle displays examples of fully exposed rocky shore communities. The plants and animals are typical of a wave beaten coast with the lower shore characterised by the brown seaweeds "dabberlocks" Alaria esculenta and "tangle" Laminaria digitalis and pools containing coralline algae Corallina officinalis and pink encrusting Lithothamnion spp.

Invertebrates
The range of land habitats, many of which are floristically rich, support a diverse and abundant invertebrate fauna, including the following Red Data Book species: the mud snail Lymnaea glabra, the bug Heterogaster artimisae and the hoverfly Microdon mutabilis. Nationally scarce butterflies including the pearl-bordered fritillary Boloria euphrosyne and silver-studded blue Plebejus argus, and the nationally scarce jewel beetle Trachys troglodytes also occur.

Limpets, Patella aspera are abundant and barnacles, mainly Chthamalus stellatus, are plentiful on the upper shore.

Birds
Cliff ledges provide nesting sites for seabirds including fulmar, shag, black-legged kittiwakes and gulls. Peregrine falcon, chough and raven nest on secluded cliff slopes and carns. Areas of scrub on the cliff tops and in the valleys provide nesting sites for European stonechat, whitethroat and sedge warbler. Grasshopper warblers breed in the scrub associated with the mires at Boswednack, which also provides suitable conditions for wintering water rail, Eurasian woodcock and Eurasian curlew.

The location of this site at the southern-western tip of the British mainland makes it an important resting and feeding area for migratory birds, the more sheltered valleys being of particular importance.

Mammals
Grey seals are known to breed on this stretch of coast. Offshore islands, notably The Brisons and The Carracks, provide haul out sites for this species.

The disused mines provide roosting sites for bats, including the greater horseshoe bat and Daubenton's bat.

title: Aire Point to Carrick Du SSSI


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Dersu Uzala (book)

Dersu Uzala (Дерсу Узала; alternate U.S. titles: With Dersu the Hunter and Dersu the Trapper) is a 1923 memoir by the Russian explorer Vladimir Arsenyev, concerning his travels in the Russian Far East with the Goldi hunter Dersu Uzala.

The story was made into a 1975 film Dersu Uzala, directed by Akira Kurosawa.

Plot
Arsenyev tells of his travels in the Ussuri basin in the Russian Far East. Dersu Uzala (c. 1849–1908) was a Goldi hunter who acted as a guide for Arsenyev's surveying crew mapping the taiga from 1902 to 1907 and saved them from starvation and cold. Arsenyev portrays him as a simple yet great man, an animist who sees animals and plants as equal to man. From 1907, Arsenyev invited Dersu to live in his house in Khabarovsk as Dersu's failing sight hampered his ability to live as a hunter. In the spring of 1908, Dersu bade farewell to Arsenyev and walked back toward his home in the woods of the Primorsky Krai; he was killed before he could reach them, near the town of Korfovskiy, evidently for the highly valuable latest model Russian military rifle given to him by Arsenyev as a parting gift to replace his old, worn, Berdianka. He was buried in a hastily dug grave, unmarked but for Dersu's walking stick, stuck in the earth beside it by a heartsick Arsenyev.

Editions in Russian

 * Дерсу Узала. Сквозь тайгу Издательство: Терра - Книжный клуб (1997) Н. Е. Кабанова (ed.) ISBN 9785300010973 (English: Dersu Uzala. Taiga Publishing House: Terra Book Club) (1997) N. ya. Kabanov (ed.) ISBN 9785300010973)

English translations

 * With Dersu the Hunter: Adventures in the Taiga adapted by Anne Terry White
 * Pub: George Braziller 1965, A Venture Book, New York. ISBN 0-8076-0325-2
 * Dersu the Trapper translated by Malcolm Burr
 * Pub: Secker & Warburg, London 1939. First English edition.
 * Pub: E. P. Dutton & Co., Inc. New York: 1941. ISBN 0-929701-49-6 First American edition.
 * Pub: McPherson and others, 1996, 2001. ISBN 0-929701-49-6. Mass market paperback.
 * Dersu Uzala translated by Victor Shneerson
 * Pub: Foreign Languages Publishing House, Moscow, ca 1950
 * Pub: Raduga Publishers, Moscow 1990, ISBN 5-05-002822-1
 * Pub: University Press of the Pacific 2004 ISBN 1-4102-1347-1

Film adaptations

 * 1961 - Dersu Uzala (Дерсу Узала) Soviet Union, director Agasi Babayan [Агаси Бабаян]
 * 1975 - Dersu Uzala (Дерсу Узала) Soviet Union/Japan, director Akira Kurosawa

title: Dersu Uzala (book)


text:
Ideal chain

An ideal chain (or freely-jointed chain) is the simplest model in polymer chemistry to describe polymers, such as nucleic acids and proteins. It assumes that the monomers in a polymer are located at the steps of a hypothetical random walker that does not remember its previous steps. By neglecting interactions among monomers, this model assumes that two (or more) monomers can occupy the same location. Although it is simple, its generality gives insight about the physics of polymers.

In this model, monomers are rigid rods of a fixed length $l$, and their orientation is completely independent of the orientations and positions of neighbouring monomers. In some cases, the monomer has a physical interpretation, such as an amino acid in a polypeptide. In other cases, a monomer is simply a segment of the polymer that can be modeled as behaving as a discrete, freely jointed unit. If so, $l$ is the Kuhn length. For example, chromatin is modeled as a polymer in which each monomer is a segment approximately $14 kbp$ in length.

Model
N mers form the polymer, whose total unfolded length is: $$L = N \, l,$$ where N is the number of mers.

In this very simple approach where no interactions between mers are considered, the energy of the polymer is taken to be independent of its shape, which means that at thermodynamic equilibrium, all of its shape configurations are equally likely to occur as the polymer fluctuates in time, according to the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution.

Let us call $$\vec R$$ the total end to end vector of an ideal chain and $$\vec r_1,\ldots ,\vec r_N$$ the vectors corresponding to individual mers. Those random vectors have components in the three directions of space. Most of the expressions given in this article assume that the number of mers N is large, so that the central limit theorem applies. The figure below shows a sketch of a (short) ideal chain.

The two ends of the chain are not coincident, but they fluctuate around each other, so that of course: $$\left\langle \vec{R} \right\rangle = \sum_{i=1}^N \left\langle \vec r_i \right\rangle = \vec 0~$$

Throughout the article the $$\langle \rangle$$ brackets will be used to denote the mean (of values taken over time) of a random variable or a random vector, as above.

Since $$\vec r_1,\ldots ,\vec r_N$$ are independent, it follows from the central limit theorem that $$\vec R$$ is distributed according to a normal distribution (or gaussian distribution): precisely, in 3D, $$R_x, R_y,$$ and $$R_z$$ are distributed according to a normal distribution of mean 0 and of variance: $$ \sigma ^2 = \langle R_x^2 \rangle - \langle R_x \rangle ^2 =\langle R_x^2 \rangle -0 $$ $$\left\langle R_x^2 \right\rangle = \left\langle R_y^2 \right\rangle = \left\langle R_z^2 \right\rangle = N \, \frac{l^2}{3}$$

So that $$ \langle {R^2} \rangle = N\, l^2 = L \, l~$$. The end to end vector of the chain is distributed according to the following probability density function: $$P(\vec R) = \left ( \frac{3}{2 \pi N l^2} \right )^{3/2}e^{-\frac{3 \left|\vec R\right|^2}{2 N l^2}}$$

The average end-to-end distance of the polymer is: $$\sqrt{\left\langle {R^2} \right\rangle} = \sqrt N \, l = \sqrt{L \, l}~$$

A quantity frequently used in polymer physics is the radius of gyration: $$\langle\mathit{R}_G\rangle = \frac{ \sqrt N\, l }{ \sqrt 6\ } $$

It is worth noting that the above average end-to-end distance, which in the case of this simple model is also the typical amplitude of the system's fluctuations, becomes negligible compared to the total unfolded length of the polymer $$N\,l$$ at the thermodynamic limit. This result is a general property of statistical systems.

Mathematical remark: the rigorous demonstration of the expression of the density of probability $$P(\vec R)$$ is not as direct as it appears above: from the application of the usual (1D) central limit theorem one can deduce that $$R_x$$, $$R_y$$ and $$R_z$$ are distributed according to a centered normal distribution of variance $$N\, l^2/3$$. Then, the expression given above for $$P(\vec R)$$ is not the only one that is compatible with such distribution for $$R_x$$, $$R_y$$ and $$R_z$$. However, since the components of the vectors $$\vec r_1,\ldots ,\vec r_N$$ are uncorrelated for the random walk we are considering, it follows that $$R_x$$, $$R_y$$ and $$R_z$$ are also uncorrelated. This additional condition can only be fulfilled if $$\vec R$$ is distributed according to $$P(\vec R)$$. Alternatively, this result can also be demonstrated by applying a multidimensional generalization of the central limit theorem, or through symmetry arguments.

Generality of the model
While the elementary model described above is totally unadapted to the description of real-world polymers at the microscopic scale, it does show some relevance at the macroscopic scale in the case of a polymer in solution whose monomers form an ideal mix with the solvent (in which case, the interactions between monomer and monomer, solvent molecule and solvent molecule, and between monomer and solvent are identical, and the system's energy can be considered constant, validating the hypotheses of the model).

The relevancy of the model is, however, limited, even at the macroscopic scale, by the fact that it does not consider any excluded volume for monomers (or, to speak in chemical terms, that it neglects steric effects). Since the N mers are of a rigid, fixed length, the model also does not consider bond stretching, though it can be extended to do so.

Other fluctuating polymer models that consider no interaction between monomers and no excluded volume, like the worm-like chain model, are all asymptotically convergent toward this model at the thermodynamic limit. For purpose of this analogy a Kuhn segment is introduced, corresponding to the equivalent monomer length to be considered in the analogous ideal chain. The number of Kuhn segments to be considered in the analogous ideal chain is equal to the total unfolded length of the polymer divided by the length of a Kuhn segment.

Entropic elasticity of an ideal chain
If the two free ends of an ideal chain are pulled apart by some sort of device, then the device experiences a force exerted by the polymer. As the ideal chain is stretched, its energy remains constant, and its time-average, or internal energy, also remains constant, which means that this force necessarily stems from a purely entropic effect.

This entropic force is very similar to the pressure experienced by the walls of a box containing an ideal gas. The internal energy of an ideal gas depends only on its temperature, and not on the volume of its containing box, so it is not an energy effect that tends to increase the volume of the box like gas pressure does. This implies that the pressure of an ideal gas has a purely entropic origin.

What is the microscopic origin of such an entropic force or pressure? The most general answer is that the effect of thermal fluctuations tends to bring a thermodynamic system toward a macroscopic state that corresponds to a maximum in the number of microscopic states (or micro-states) that are compatible with this macroscopic state. In other words, thermal fluctuations tend to bring a system toward its macroscopic state of maximum entropy.

What does this mean in the case of the ideal chain? First, for our ideal chain, a microscopic state is characterized by the superposition of the states $$\vec r_i$$ of each individual monomer (with i varying from 1 to N). In its solvent, the ideal chain is constantly subject to shocks from moving solvent molecules, and each of these shocks sends the system from its current microscopic state to another, very similar microscopic state. For an ideal polymer, as will be shown below, there are more microscopic states compatible with a short end-to-end distance than there are microscopic states compatible with a large end-to-end distance. Thus, for an ideal chain, maximizing its entropy means reducing the distance between its two free ends. Consequently, a force that tends to collapse the chain is exerted by the ideal chain between its two free ends.

In this section, the mean of this force will be derived. The generality of the expression obtained at the thermodynamic limit will then be discussed.

Ideal chain under length constraint
The case of an ideal chain whose two ends are attached to fixed points will be considered in this sub-section. The vector $$\vec R$$ joining these two points characterizes the macroscopic state (or macro-state) of the ideal chain. Each macro-state corresponds a certain number of micro-states, that we will call $$\Omega(\vec R)$$ (micro-states are defined in the introduction to this section). Since the ideal chain's energy is constant, each of these micro-states is equally likely to occur. The entropy associated to a macro-state is thus equal to: $$S(\vec R) = k_\text{B} \log (\Omega(\vec R)),$$ where $$k_\text{B}$$ is the Boltzmann constant

The above expression gives the absolute (quantum) entropy of the system. A precise determination of $$\Omega(\vec R)$$ would require a quantum model for the ideal chain, which is beyond the scope of this article. However, we have already calculated the probability density $$P(\vec R)$$ associated with the end-to-end vector of the unconstrained ideal chain, above. Since all micro-states of the ideal chain are equally likely to occur, $$P(\vec R)$$ is proportional to $$\Omega(\vec R)$$. This leads to the following expression for the classical (relative) entropy of the ideal chain: $$S(\vec R) = k_\text{B} \log (P(\vec R)) + C_{st},$$ where $$C_{st}$$ is a fixed constant. Let us call $$\vec F$$ the force exerted by the chain on the point to which its end is attached. From the above expression of the entropy, we can deduce an expression of this force. Suppose that, instead of being fixed, the positions of the two ends of the ideal chain are now controlled by an operator. The operator controls the evolution of the end to end vector $$\vec R$$. If the operator changes $$\vec R$$ by a tiny amount $$d\vec{R}$$, then the variation of internal energy of the chain is zero, since the energy of the chain is constant. This condition can be written as: $$0 = dU = \delta W + \delta Q~$$

$$\delta W$$ is defined as the elementary amount of mechanical work transferred by the operator to the ideal chain, and $$\delta Q$$ is defined as the elementary amount of heat transferred by the solvent to the ideal chain. Now, if we assume that the transformation imposed by the operator on the system is quasistatic (i.e., infinitely slow), then the system's transformation will be time-reversible, and we can assume that during its passage from macro-state $$\vec R$$ to macro-state $$\vec R + d\vec{R}$$, the system passes through a series of thermodynamic equilibrium macro-states. This has two consequences:
 * 1) first, the amount of heat received by the system during the transformation can be tied to the variation of its entropy: $$\delta Q = T \, dS,$$ where $T$ is the temperature of the chain.
 * 2) second, in order for the transformation to remain infinitely slow, the mean force exerted by the operator on the end points of the chain must balance the mean force exerted by the chain on its end points. Calling $$\vec f_\text{op}$$ the force exerted by the operator and $$\vec f$$ the force exerted by the chain, we have: $$\delta W = \langle \vec f_\text{op} \rangle \cdot d\vec{R} = - \langle \vec f \rangle \cdot d \vec {R}$$

We are thus led to: $$\langle \vec f \rangle = T \frac{dS}{d\vec {R}} = \frac{k_\text{B} T}{P( \vec R)}\frac{dP( \vec R)}{d\vec {R}}$$ $$\langle \vec f \rangle = - k_\text{B} T \frac{3 \vec R}{N l^2}$$

The above equation is the equation of state of the ideal chain. Since the expression depends on the central limit theorem, it is only exact in the limit of polymers containing a large number of monomers (that is, the thermodynamic limit). It is also only valid for small end-to-end distances, relative to the overall polymer contour length, where the behavior is like a hookean spring. Behavior over larger force ranges can be modeled using a canonical ensemble treatment identical to magnetization of paramagnetic spins. For the arbitrary forces the extension-force dependence will be given by Langevin function $$\mathcal{L} $$: $$ \frac{R}{Nl} = \coth\left(\frac{fl}{k_\text{B}T}\right) - \frac{k_\text{B}T}{fl} = \mathcal{L}\left(\frac{fl}{k_\text{B}T}\right),$$ where the extension is $$R=|\vec{R}|$$.

For the arbitrary extensions the force-extension dependence can be approximated by: $$ \frac {fl}{k_\text{B}T} = \mathcal{L}^{-1}{\left(\frac {R}{Nl} \right)} \approx 3\frac {R}{Nl} + \frac{1}{5} \left(\frac {R}{Nl}\right)^{2}\sin \left(\frac{7R}{2Nl}\right) + \frac{\left(\frac {R}{Nl}\right)^{3}}{1-\frac {R}{Nl}},$$ where $$\mathcal{L}^{-1} $$ is the inverse Langevin function, $N$ is the number of bonds in the molecule (therefore if the molecule has $N$ bonds it has $N + 1$ monomers making up the molecule.).

Finally, the model can be extended to even larger force ranges by inclusion of a stretch modulus along the polymer contour length. That is, by allowing the length of each unit of the chain to respond elastically to the applied force.

Ideal polymer exchanging length with a reservoir
Throughout this sub-section, as in the previous one, the two ends of the polymer are attached to a micro-manipulation device. This time, however, the device does not maintain the two ends of the ideal chain in a fixed position, but rather it maintains a constant pulling force $$\vec f_\text{op}$$ on the ideal chain. In this case the two ends of the polymer fluctuate around a mean position $$\langle \vec R \rangle$$. The ideal chain reacts with a constant opposite force $$\vec f = -\vec f_\text{op}$$.

For an ideal chain exchanging length with a reservoir, a macro-state of the system is characterized by the vector $$\vec f$$.

The change between an ideal chain of fixed length and an ideal chain in contact with a length reservoir is very much akin to the change between the micro-canonical ensemble and the canonical ensemble (see the Statistical mechanics article about this). The change is from a state where a fixed value is imposed on a certain parameter, to a state where the system is left free to exchange this parameter with the outside. The parameter in question is energy for the microcanonical and canonical descriptions, whereas in the case of the ideal chain the parameter is the length of the ideal chain.

As in the micro-canonical and canonical ensembles, the two descriptions of the ideal chain differ only in the way they treat the system's fluctuations. They are thus equivalent at the thermodynamic limit. The equation of state of the ideal chain remains the same, except that $$\vec R$$ is now subject to fluctuations: $$ \vec f = - k_\text{B} T \frac{3 \langle \vec R \rangle}{N l^2}~.$$

Ideal chain under a constant force constraint – calculation
Consider a freely jointed chain of $$N$$ bonds of length $$l$$ subject to a constant elongational force $$f$$ applied to its ends along the $$z$$ axis and an environment temperature $$T$$. An example could be a chain with two opposite charges $$+q$$ and $$-q$$ at its ends in a constant electric field $$\vec{E}$$ applied along the $$z$$ axis as sketched in the figure on the right. If the direct Coulomb interaction between the charges is ignored, then there is a constant force $$\vec{f}$$ at the two ends.

Different chain conformations are not equally likely, because they correspond to different energy of the chain in the external electric field. $$U = -q\vec{E}\cdot \vec{R}= - \vec{f}\cdot \vec{R} = -f R_z$$

Thus, different chain conformation have different statistical Boltzmann factors $$\exp(-U/k_\text{B}T)$$.

The partition function is: $$Z = \sum_{\text{states}}\exp(-U/k_\text{B}T) = \sum_{\text{states}}\exp \left(\frac{f R_z}{k_\text{B} T}\right)$$

Every monomer connection in the chain is characterized by a vector $$\vec{r}_i$$ of length $$l$$ and angles $$\theta_i, \varphi_i$$ in the spherical coordinate system. The end-to-end vector can be represented as: $R_z = \sum_{i=1}^N l \cos\theta_i$. Therefore:

$$\begin{align} Z &=\int \exp\left(\frac{fl}{k_\text{B}T}\sum_{i=1}^N \cos\theta_i\right)\prod_{i=1}^N\sin\theta_i \, d\theta_i \, d\varphi_i \\ &=\left[\int_{0}^{\pi} 2\pi \text{ } \sin\theta_i \text{ } \exp \left(\frac{fl}{k_\text{B}T}\cos\theta_i \right) \, d\theta_i\right]^N\\ &=\left[\frac{2\pi}{fl/(k_\text{B} T)} \left(\exp \left({fl \over k_\text{B} T} \right) - \exp \left(-\frac{fl}{k_\text{B} T} \right) \right) \right]^N\\ &=\left[{4\pi \sinh(fl/(k_\text{B} T)) \over fl/(k_\text{B} T)}\right]^N \end{align}$$

The Gibbs free energy G can be directly calculated from the partition function: $$G(T,f,N) = - k_\text{B} T \, \ln Z(T,f,N)=-N k_\text{B} T \left[\ln\left(4\pi \sinh\left(\frac{fl}{k_\text{B} T}\right)\right)-\ln\left(\frac{fl}{k_\text{B} T}\right)\right]$$

The Gibbs free energy is used here because the ensemble of chains corresponds to constant temperature $$T$$ and constant force $$f$$ (analogous to the isothermal–isobaric ensemble, which has constant temperature and pressure).

The average end-to-end distance corresponding to a given force can be obtained as the derivative of the free energy: $$\langle R \rangle = - \frac{\partial G}{\partial f} = N l\left[\coth\left(\frac{fl}{k_\text{B} T}\right) - \frac{k_\text{B} T}{fl}\right]$$

This expression is the Langevin function $$\mathcal{L}$$, also mentioned in previous paragraphs: $$\mathcal{L}(\alpha) = \coth(\alpha)-{1 \over \alpha}$$ where $$\alpha = \frac{fl}{k_\text{B} T}$$.

For small relative elongations ($$\langle R \rangle \ll R_\text{max} = lN$$) the dependence is approximately linear, $$\mathcal{L}(\alpha)\cong \frac{\alpha}{3} \qquad \text{ for } \alpha \ll 1 $$ and follows Hooke's law as shown in previous paragraphs: $$\vec{f} = k_\text{B} T \frac{3 \langle \vec{R} \rangle}{Nl^2}$$

title: Ideal chain


text: Category:Towns in Somalia

title: Category:Towns in Somalia


text:
Solly Hemus

Solomon Joseph Hemus (April 17, 1923 – October 2, 2017) was an American professional baseball infielder, manager, and coach, who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the St. Louis Cardinals and Philadelphia Phillies. Hemus is one of a select group of big league players to have held a dual role as a player-manager.

Hemus was born in Phoenix, Arizona, and raised in San Diego, where he graduated from Saint Augustine High School. He served in the United States Navy during World War II, and began his professional playing career in the Cardinals' farm system as a 23-year-old in 1946.

Player
Hemus batted left-handed and threw right-handed; he stood 5 ft tall, weighing 165 lb. During his 11-year MLB playing career (1949–), Hemus was primarily a shortstop (472 games and 3,745 innings played), although he also saw significant time as a second baseman (211 games, 1,635 $2⁄3$ innings). Hemus compiled a lifetime batting average of .273 in 961 games and collected 736 hits, with 137 doubles, 41 triples, 51 home runs and 263 RBI. He led National League batters in being hit by pitched balls three times.

Manager and coach
Hemus was a hard-nosed player and manager known for battling with opponents and umpires; he was ejected 30 times between 1952 and. When he was traded to the Phillies in May 1956, Hemus wrote a letter to Cardinals owner Gussie Busch, expressing his pride in being a Cardinal and his gratitude to the baseball club. Nearing the end of his playing career, he was reacquired by the Cardinals on September 29, 1958 — one day after the regular season ended — and named St. Louis' player-manager by Busch, who admired Hemus' fiery personality and remembered his letter from $2 1/2$ years before. Hemus took over the Cardinals in time to lead them on an October 1958 "good will" tour of Hawaii and Japan.

As a player in 1959, Hemus appeared in 24 games — mostly as a pinch-hitter — before concentrating on his managerial responsibilities. His Cardinals were inconsistent. Hemus' first club lost 15 of its first 20 games and stumbled to a seventh place (71–83) finish in 1959. That was followed by a 15-game improvement (86–68) and a leap to third place in his second season (1960). The Redbirds followed with a mediocre start in 1961 and were mired in sixth place on July 5 (at 33–41), when Hemus was replaced by one of his coaches, Johnny Keane. His career managing record was 190–192 (.497). He was thrown out of 11 of the 382 games he managed, comprising over one-third of his career MLB ejections.

Hemus then served as a coach with the New York Mets (1962–1963) and Cleveland Indians (1964–1965). He was on manager Casey Stengel's coaching staff when the 1962 Mets expansion team ended up with a record of 40–120, still the most losses by a Major League team in a single season since the nineteenth century. He managed the Mets' top farm club, the Jacksonville Suns of the Triple-A International League, in 1966, before leaving baseball and entering the oil business in his adopted home city of Houston, Texas.

During his tenure in Philadelphia, Hemus made history when he was removed for pinch runner John Kennedy at Roosevelt Stadium in Jersey City, New Jersey, during a league game against the Brooklyn Dodgers on April 22, 1957. It marked the Major League debut of Kennedy, the first African-American player in the Phillies' history. In 2011, Hall-of-Famer Bob Gibson indicated that racial prejudice on Hemus' part had intruded on his later role as the Cards' manager when Hemus disparaged both Gibson and teammate Curt Flood by telling them they were not good enough to make it as Major Leaguers and should try something else. Hemus' replacement, Keane, was a Gibson supporter who had managed the pitcher in the minor leagues.

Death
Hemus died at 94 following a long illness in Houston, on October 3, 2017.

title: Solly Hemus


text:
Forever and Ever (Franz Winkler and Malia Rosa song)

"Forever and Ever" is a popular song, from a German song, "Fliege mit mir in die Heimat" written by the Austrian songwriter Franz Winkler. It was adopted by the German Luftwaffe as their song during World War II. The English lyrics were written by Malia Rosa in 1948. It was originally recorded by Gracie Fields with Robert Farnon's Orchestra on 23 October 1948 and released on Decca F9031. Her version was subsequently released in the USA on London 362 and it charted briefly in 1949.

1949 recordings
There were a number of popular recordings in 1949:
 * The song was also recorded by Russ Morgan with vocals by The Skylarks on January 20, 1949, for Decca Records and the song reached the top of the Billboard charts.
 * It was recorded by Perry Como on January 13, 1949, and released as a single that year by RCA Victor Records. The 78rpm version was released with catalog number 20-3347-A, the 45rpm version was released with catalog number 47-2892-A. The flip side was "I Don't See Me in Your Eyes Anymore." The record first hit the Billboard chart on March 19, 1949, and it reached position #2, staying there for 4 weeks. In the United Kingdom, it was released by HMV as a 78rpm version with catalog number BD-1250 in June 1949. The flip side was "A - You're Adorable."
 * Other charted versions in 1949 were by Margaret Whiting (recorded on January 27, 1949, Capitol 15386), and by Dinah Shore with Harry Zimmerman's Orchestra (Columbia 38410) on January 13, 1949.
 * Bob and Alf Pearson recorded it in 1949.

Simon et les Modanais version
In 1987, "Forever and Ever" was covered in French-language by Simon et les Modanais, under the title "Ėtoile des neiges". It was released in January 1988 as the first single from their debut album Il était une fois en Savoie. It achieved a great success in Belgium (Wallonia) and France where it was respectively a top one and two hit.

Background and release
Bernard Simon, railway worker in Modane and amateur singer in a small group covering Johnny Hallyday's songs and rehearsing in a disused chapel, performed one evening in a ball a cover of "Étoile des neiges" in a rock-musette style, which quickly became popular. Friend Jacques Vise went to Paris to propose the song and, in six months, they managed to get an old studio to record a model; presented to the BMG label, the song was accepted by the producers, but they asked the band to convey an image of a "terroir" group, with Louis Testardi as drummer, Jacques Vise as keyboards player and Véronique Vise as bassist. The often deemed kitsch music video, which begins with bells sounds, displays Simon dressed with a perfecto and a bow tie trying to seduce shepherdess Véronique. As the song was successful, the Modane town hall elected the members of the group honorary citizens of the town.

Chart performance
In France, "Étoile des neiges" debuted at number 46 on the chart edition of 30 January 1988, entered the top ten four weeks later where it stayed for 12 weeks, peaked at number two for a sole week in its eighth week, being blocked from the number one slot by Glenn Medeiros' hit "Nothing's Gonna Change My Love for You", and fell off the top 50 after 22 weeks of presence. It earned a gold disc awarded by the Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique. In the Walloon region of Belgium, it was a number one hit for consecutive three weeks from 9 to 23 April 1988, and cumulated six weeks in the top three. On the Music & Media's European Hot 100 Singles chart, it debuted at number 78 on 27 February 1988 and reached a peak of number 6 for six weeks, and left the chart after 19 weeks.

Track listings

 * 7" single
 * 1) "Étoile des neiges" – 3:50
 * 2) "Au bar de l'edelweiss" – 3:00

 * 12" maxi
 * 1) "Étoile des neiges" (Modane mix) – 5:11
 * 2) "Au bar de l'edelweiss" – 3:00
 * 3) "Étoile des neiges" (instrumental) – 3:50

Other recordings

 * Bing Crosby recorded the song in 1962 for his album On the Happy Side.


text: User talk:213.202.136.122

title: User talk:213.202.136.122


text:
Kitty Swink

Kathryn Swink (born October 22, 1954) is an American film, stage, and television actress.

Career
Swink made her film debut in a minor role in the 1987 comedy Like Father Like Son, followed by a supporting part in Paul Schrader's biopic Patty Hearst (1988). She has worked primarily in television, including guest appearances on Star Trek: Deep Space Nine (1999), Judging Amy (2005), and Without a Trace (2006).

In addition to film and television, Swink has appeared in theater, including productions of Ladyhouse Blues in 2013 for the Andak Stage Company in Los Angeles, California.

Personal life
Swink married actor Armin Shimerman in May 1981.

title: Kitty Swink


text:
Battle Hymns (The Suicide Machines album)

Battle Hymns is the second album by the Detroit, Michigan punk rock band The Suicide Machines, released in 1998 by Hollywood Records. It was the band's last album with drummer Derek Grant, who left the group the following year. The album's musical direction continued the band's style of ska punk but moved in more of a hardcore direction, with most songs lasting under two minutes in and consisting of fast, aggressive musicianship and vocals. A music video was filmed for the single "Give" and the song was featured in the Disney Channel motion picture Brink! The album peaked at No. 127 on the Billboard 200.

Background
The album's fast aggressive nature was due to the band wanting to record the album as fast as possible in order to pocket the leftover money from the budget they were given, which was $280,000, the same budget as their previous album. Another thing that got in their way was the fact they were touring extensively and accepting big deals to play with large bands so they had a very tight schedule for writing a new album. The album was written within 2 weeks and the songs were recorded in the span of a few days with Navarro blowing out his voice for a bit. The result was an album that was completely unmarketable for a major label album except the song "Give" which became a single. "Give" was banned from being played on alternative station KROQ due to an incident involving a free show played outside of Tower Records, where the band played their set at grindcore speed and told everyone to go into Tower Records and steal anything they wanted.

"Independence Parade" was written by Derek Grant and is about his exit from the band and why he left, which was because he had lots of social anxiety and he didn't want to be famous, as he typically refused to be in photos or videos.

Track listing
All songs written by The Suicide Machines
 * 1) "Someone" – 1:34
 * 2) "Hating Hate" – 1:04
 * 3) "Give" – 2:19
 * 4) "Hope" – 1:26
 * 5) "Black & White World" – 1:52
 * 6) "Numbers" – 0:53
 * 7) "High Society" – 1:57
 * 8) "Pins and Needles" – 0:50
 * 9) "Confused" – 2:07
 * 10) "DDT" – 1:05
 * 11) "Punck" – 0:04
 * 12) "Step One" – 1:12
 * 13) "In the End" – 2:04
 * 14) "Face Another Day" – 1:47
 * 15) "What You Say" – 1:00
 * 16) "Speak No Evil" – 1:52
 * 17) "Empty Room" – 2:12
 * 18) "Independence Parade" – 1:52
 * 19) "Sympathy" – 1:48
 * 20) "Strike" – 1:17
 * 21) "Sides" – 1:18
 * 22) "Jah" – 0:05

Personnel

 * Jason Navarro – vocals
 * Dan Lukacinsky – guitar, backing vocals
 * Royce Nunley – bass, backing vocals
 * Derek Grant – drums

'Additional
 * Julian Raymond – producer
 * The Suicide Machines – producers
 * Phil Kaffel – engineer
 * John Srebalus – assistant engineer
 * Chris Lord-Alge – mixing
 * Mike Dy – mixing
 * Mastered by Bryan Gardener – mastering
 * Design by Shepard Fairey – design
 * Enny Joo – design
 * Dave Snow – design, creative director
 * Sandra Navarro – photography
 * Dave Snow


text:
Gopal Ballav Pattanaik

Gopal Ballav Pattanaik (born 19 December 1937) is an Indian lawyer and later a jurist who served over a period of 19 years in the bench of the Odisha High Court as a permanent judge, as chief justice of the Patna High Court, Judge of the Supreme Court of India and as the 32nd Chief Justice of India.

Pattanaik grew up in Cuttack, Odisha, where he later studied at the  Ravenshaw College and  then  graduated  in science from Ewing Christian College, Allahabad University. He then went on to earn his degree in Law from Madhusudan Law College at Cuttack affiliated to the Utkal University in Odisha.

In 2002, Pattanaik was appointed Chief Justice of India by the President Shri A. P. J. Abdul Kalam.

Early life and education
He was born on 19 December 1937 in the city of Cuttack, now in Odisha, India.

He studied at the Ravenshaw College in Cuttack and graduated in Science from the Ewing Christian College, Allahabad University and earned his degree in Law from Madhusudan Law College, Utkal University in Odisha.

Career
In 1962, he enrolled as an advocate in the Orissa High Court, where he practiced in civil, criminal, constitutional and corporate cases. He also appeared before the Supreme Court of India. As a first generation of lawyer, his legal career started in the chambers of late lawyer Bimal Pal, Barrister Birendra Mohan Patnaik and Justice Souri Prasad Mahapatra were instrumental in encouraging him to take up the legal profession.

In 1971, he was appointed the Standing Counsel for the state Government of Orissa. In 1974 he became an Additional Government Advocate and subsequently the Govt. Advocate of the state. In 1983, he was elevated to the bench of the Orissa High Court as a permanent judge. In 1995, he was appointed the Chief Justice of Patna High Court. After a short stint in the Patna High Court, he was elevated as a Judge of the Supreme Court of India. He went on to occupy the highest judicial post in the country as the 32nd Chief Justice of India on 8 November 2002.

When Patnaik took over as the Chief Justice of India, it appeared that he would not be able to achieve much in the administration of the judiciary, in view of his short tenure. However, he began a momentous chapter in the history of Indian judiciary by putting into practice the 'in-house procedure' evolved in 1997 to deal with allegations of misconduct against members of the higher judiciary.

Some of the far reaching and well published judgements of Patnaik include:-
 * the Narmada Dam Project.
 * Denying the central government of India the ability to grant permission to Hindu organisations to perform ceremonies at the disputed Babri masjid site in Ayodhya.
 * Contempt of court case against Booker Prize winner Arundhati Roy.
 * Acquittal of several persons belonging to the minority community in cases relating to the Bombay riots.
 * The constitutional reference on the minority educational institutions.
 * In a landmark judgement in the Daniel Latifi v. Union of India, 2001 (7) SCC 740, heading the Constitutional Bench of the Supreme Court in this case, Patnaik held that liability of Muslim husband to his divorced wife arising under Section 3(1) (a) of the Act to pay maintenance is not confined to iddat period. This judgement was a landmark one uplifting the rights of Muslim women in India to maintenance from their divorced husband.

Pattanaik was a member of the Indo British and Indo-U.S. judicial exchange programme. He visited UK and the United States and participated in joint workshops and seminars with the judges of the House of Lords in Britain and the U.S. Supreme Court, respectively. His contemporaries in the US Supreme Court with whom he participated in the joint workshop were Chief Justice William Rehnquist and Justice Sandra Day O’Connor (the first woman judge of the US Supreme Court).

Pattnaik is a former Chairperson of the National Judicial Academy of India, Executive Chairman of the National Legal Services Authority of India (NALSA) and Former President of the Association of Retired Judges of Supreme Court and High Courts of India.

For several years he was the Chairman of the selection committee for the prestigious literary award of Indian literature, the “Saraswati Samman”.

Awards and honours
He was conferred with an honorary doctorate in law LLD by the Utkal University. In 2021 Pattanaik was the recipient of the prestigious Utkal Ratna award for his lifetime achievement in the field of Law and Justice.

title: Gopal Ballav Pattanaik


text:
Alan Cameron (classicist)

Alan Douglas Edward Cameron, (13 March 1938 – 31 July 2017) was a British classicist and academic. He was Charles Anthon Professor Emeritus of the Latin Language and Literature at Columbia University, New York. He was one of the leading scholars of the literature and history of the later Roman world and at the same time a wide-ranging classical philologist whose work encompassed above all the Greek and Latin poetic tradition from Hellenistic to Byzantine times but also aspects of late antique art.

Life
He was educated at St. Paul's School, London (1951–56). He went on to New College, Oxford, earning a first class in Honour Moderations (1959) and Literae Humaniores (1961). He was married, from 1962 to 1980, to Dame Averil Cameron, with whom he has a son and a daughter. In 1998 he married Carla Asher, who survives him.

Cameron began his academic career as a lecturer at the University of Glasgow (1961). He then became a Lecturer and then a Reader in Latin at Bedford College, London (1964-1972). From 1972 to 1977 he held the Chair of Latin at King's College London. He went to Columbia University as Charles Anthon Professor in 1977.

Cameron was elected a Fellow of the British Academy (FBA) in 1975. He became a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1978 and a Fellow of the American Philosophical Society in 1992. In March 1997 he was awarded the American Philological Association's Goodwin Award. In 2005, he received Columbia University's Lionel Trilling Award.

In 2013, he was awarded the Kenyon Medal for Classical Studies and Archaeology of the British Academy. The award dedication read as follows: "Alan Cameron has produced a major series of books on various aspects of the later Graeco-Roman world, from early Hellenistic times to the late Empire. He has a remarkable flair for synthesising literary with social and political history, at the same time clarifying the nature and relationships of the sources, and he regularly subjects long-accepted doctrines to examination and challenge. For students of Hellenistic poetry his Callimachus and His Critics (1995) has become a central point of reference, while his work on the Palatine Anthology, The Greek Anthology: From Meleager to Planudes (1993) threw much new light on the transmission of that great composite collection of epigrams. Other major works have included Claudian: Poetry and Propaganda at the Court of Honorius (1970), Greek Mythography in the Roman World (2004), and most recently The Last Pagans of Rome (2011)."

Cameron also published about 200 scholarly articles on a wide range of subjects related to the ancient world.

He died on 31 July 2017 in New York.

Selected works
Cameron's books include:
 * Claudian: Poetry and Propaganda at the Court of Honorius (1970)
 * Porphyrius the Charioteer (1973)
 * Circus Factions: Blues and Greens at Rome and Byzantium (1976)
 * Barbarians and Politics at the Court of Arcadius (May 1992) (with Jacqueline Long and Lee Sherry)
 * The Greek Anthology: From Meleager to Planudes (1993)
 * Callimachus and his Critics (1995)
 * Greek Mythography in the Roman World (2004) (reviewed by T P Wiseman in the Times Literary Supplement,  13 May 2005 page 29)
 * The Last Pagans of Rome (2011) (reviewed by Peter Brown in the New York Review of Books, 7 April 2011)
 * Wandering Poets and Other Essays in Late Antique Poetry and Philosophy (2015).

title: Alan Cameron (classicist)