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Talk:Perth (disambiguation)

Merge proposal (February 2012)
It is proposed that Perth, Western Australia (disambiguation) is merged to Perth. This is because Perth, Western Australia (disambiguation) is an incomplete dab. We don't create incomplete dabs, because it leads to duplication, and articles are easily missed. A redirect to the relevant section in the dab, in this case the section of the Perth dab which lists places in Australia, is recommended. This aids navigation, and helps editors to avoid creating new articles under the ambiguous title by accident. (MOS:DAB) This only has one more entry than the incomplete disambiguation page, and so entries are not lost within a huge list - there doesn't seem anything to lose, and therefore no reason for WP:IAR. Boleyn (talk) 19:19, 4 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Since no one bothered to comment previously, I've gone ahead and merged Perth, Western Australia (disambiguation) into Perth per the above.  I ♦  A  09:32, 26 May 2012 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress. (May 2012)
There is a move discussion in progress which affects this page. Please participate at Talk:Perth, Western Australia - Requested move and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RM bot 18:19, 25 May 2012 (UTC)
 * Please ignore, this was the previous move discussion. The current move discussion is below. — P.T. Aufrette (talk) 05:42, 26 June 2012 (UTC)

Request for Comments
What is the best title for this article? It has already been listed in WP:RM, but due to the tremendous controversy associated with a previous requested move a few weeks ago (including multiple moves and reverts and an arbitration case), it is desirable to gather as many participants as possible to the discussion, to try to get a definitive resolution. — P.T. Aufrette (talk) 05:20, 26 June 2012 (UTC)

The requested move discussion is in the next section below.

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: not moved. There is a clear consensus that the city in Western Australia is the primary topic for the name Perth. Bundling the renaming of the Scottish city with the first issue was unfortunate, but the conclusion is that it too failed to get support. Favonian (talk) 05:48, 3 July 2012 (UTC)

– As per rather a lot of the above, and some very hasty recent closures. I'm called John, you're called John, who's the biggest Johnny etc.? Brendandh (talk) 01:46, 26 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Perth (disambiguation) → Perth
 * Perth → Perth, Western Australia
 * Perth, Scotland → Perth, Perthshire

 * Comment Shouldn't you do the "Perth, Perthshire" proposal separately? Some might oppose it even if they support the other. — P.T. Aufrette (talk) 01:58, 26 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Background There was a previous requested-move survey which ran from late May to mid June. There was some controversy surrounding the closure and subsequent events, which involved a number of reverts and re-reverts which are the subject of an ongoing arbitration case.  There was a move review process, which was closed with a finding that the original requested-move closure was endorsed; however, the move review process is relatively new and might not be universally accepted. — P.T. Aufrette (talk) 02:11, 26 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Comment I have suggested already at Wikipedia talk:Move review that any new requested-move survey should be publicized as widely as possible, including at WikiProjects for other countries and regions (other than Scotland and Australia) and elsewhere, in order to get as wide a range of opinions as possible, due to the exceptional circumstances and need for some kind of definitive resolution. — P.T. Aufrette (talk) 02:04, 26 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Comment on Perth, Scotland move - surely if a regional disambiguator was to be included, would the new title be Perth, Perth and Kinross? Hack (talk) 02:14, 26 June 2012 (UTC)
 * There was some strong opposition by one prominent contributor to Scottish topics to the "Perth and Kinross" title back in 2008. — P.T. Aufrette (talk) 02:38, 26 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Oppose The Australian city of Perth is arguably the WP:PRIMARYTOPIC for international name recognition outside of Australia or Scotland. Page-visit statistics show that the Australian Perth page in English Wikipedia gets at least seven times more visits than the Scottish Perth page., which is indicative (compare, say, London, England to London, Ontario where the ratio is about 13 to 1; but London is probably one of the world's top ten cities). Although mere size is not a conclusive indicator, the population of the Australian city is about 1.7 million; the population of the Scottish city is about 45,000. The Scottish city is the namesake of the Australian city and other cities such as Perth, Ontario, but that does not make it a primary topic: Boston in Massachusetts was named for Boston, Lincolnshire, yet the American city is indisputably the primary topic.  Perth, Scotland has a rich tradition, but it is not what most people think of today when they hear the world "Perth", and page statistics indicate that is not what most people are looking for when they visit Wikipedia.  It is readily accessible, however, by clicking on the hatnote at the top of the Perth page, which ought to remain a page about the Australian city. — P.T. Aufrette (talk) 02:30, 26 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Oppose per above. The [higher] notability of Perth (Australia) is undisputable, a hatnote is sufficient. The current state is the best.--Z oupan 03:22, 26 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Oppose - move of Perth to Perth, Western Australia. Using usage criteria at WP:PRIMARYTOPIC, Perth, Western Australia is overwhelmingly the primary topic for people accessing Wikipedia.
 * Incoming wikilinks - Prior to the page name change the split of incoming wikilinks from mainspace was Perth, Western Australia 7822 vs Perth, Scotland 1550.
 * Article traffic stats - Between January 2011 and June 2012 a combined total of 1,828,561 hits were received for Perth, Western Australia and Perth, Scotland, with a 1,607,679 to 220,882 split - a ratio of approximately 7.2:1 (88% of hits in that period)Source.
 * Google search - (with personal search options deactivated) - search for "Perth -Scotland" 383m results vs "Perth -Australia" 188m results.
 * I don't think the google results count for much but the internal stats are quite clearly in favour of Perth, Western Australia being the primary topic for users of Wikipedia. Hack (talk) 03:53, 26 June 2012 (UTC)

 * Comment This is currently requested on three pages and is going to become confusing as editors comment at different ones (this has already happened here). I am going to assume this is the best place for it (it currently has the most comments) and remove the requests from the other page. I will move the IPs comment to this page. AIR corn  (talk) 04:04, 26 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Think it is sorted now. AIR corn (talk) 04:19, 26 June 2012 (UTC)

 * Oppose "Perth → Perth, Western Australia" -- the Australian city seems to be the primary topic ; while Perth, Ontario seems to compete with Perth, Perthshire for prominence next to the most prominent Perth, Australia. -- 70.49.127.65 (talk) 03:35, 26 June 2012 (UTC) This comment was moved from the Talk:Perth page. It was added by the IP with this edit. AIR corn (talk) 04:07, 26 June 2012 (UTC)
 * The Wikipedia page-visit stats show about one-sixth the number of visits to Perth, Ontario compared to Perth, Scotland. So the relative prominence of Perth, Scotland compared to Perth, Ontario is roughly the same as the relative prominence of Perth, Western Australia compared to Perth, Scotland. — P.T. Aufrette (talk) 04:26, 26 June 2012 (UTC)

 * oppose Perth, Australia is clearly the main topic; page views confirm this. A side question- why not Perth, Scotland? --KarlB (talk) 04:24, 26 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Indifferent Both topics have a claim as WP:PRIMARYTOPIC, but whatever the outcome, please remember that the most important thing is providing the readers with high quality content, not fewer mouse clicks - Evad37 (talk) 04:25, 26 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Oppose per WP:PRIMARYTOPIC. Perth, Western Australia is far better known that Perth, Scotland.  -Zanhe (talk) 05:20, 26 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Oppose "Perth → Perth, Western Australia" -- per WP:PRIMARYTOPIC. Was sold on this after the last move closed. Metao (talk) 05:29, 26 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Comment on "Perth, Scotland → Perth, Perthshire" -- the latter seems to be more correct. We do label pages with first-level administration districts, don't we? See Perth, Western Australia, Boston, Massachusetts, or Tongue,_Highland for a Scottish example. Would be inclined to approve this move, I think? Metao (talk) 05:29, 26 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Resolved per htonl's comment, below. Thank you! Definitely an Oppose. Metao (talk) 02:56, 27 June 2012 (UTC)

 * Support. Both Perth in Scotland and Perth in Australia are very well known for different reasons. Perth, Scotland, is far more historical, the capital of Perthshire and the origin of the name for Perth, WA. The latter is now far larger and the capital of Western Australia. --Bermicourt (talk) 06:27, 26 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Oppose: two completely separate actions are being proposed here: (a) the proposal to declare the Australian city not to be the primary topic, and associated move of dab page: I see no evidence that it is not the primary topic (much as I would personally prefer to see the Scottish city accorded equal prominence), and (b) the proposal to rename Perth, Scotland to a name which would be much less immediately identifiable (there could well be a "Perthshire" elsewhere than UK), which seems unhelpful: IAR if need be to keep it at its current article title. (Aargh, have just found that there exists Perthshire, Mississippi which is not linked from [{Perthshire]] ... will see to that.) Pam  D  07:34, 26 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Comment: "Perth, Scotland" is specifically mentioned on WP:UKPLACE as an exception to the general rule of "Placename, Council area". - htonl (talk) 07:40, 26 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Support. I hope I've voted for the dab to stay (this motion is in itself confusing). Bermicourt has hit on something important. History is often the reason people search in an encyclopedia. The sheer size of a town doesn't necessarily give it greater importance. Perth in Australia is a very young town, whereas the history of Perth in Scotland is long, rich and varied - at one time it was considered the capital of Scotland. Perth, WA, on the other hand, is just big. What would happen if Paris Texas grew to be bigger than Paris, France? Could it ever match its history, or splendour? History doesn't need size - it shouldn't be cast down into second place because of concrete office blocks and housing estates. Could I also mention, with regards to importance, that the place that a reader is looking for is the most important to that person. It must be annoying when searching for the Perth in Scotland to be confronted by a page about Western Australia, with the Scottish one as a hatnote, if that's not what you were looking for. At least with a disambiguation page you can choose. Francis Hannaway (talk) Francis Hannaway 07:41, 26 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Perth is no Paris. ErikHaugen (talk | contribs) 16:43, 26 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Boston in Massachusetts is bigger than Boston in Lincolnshire, and the US one is also the primary topic, despite the UK one having some "history". 70.49.127.65 (talk) 21:27, 26 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Perth, Perthshire is useless to anyone except the tiny monority who already know that Perthshire is part of Scotland. Perth, Western Australia does identify the country but it's claim to WP:Primary is strong. So my !vote is to keep Perth, Scotland (because hardly anyone outside of Scotland itself have ever heard of Perthshire) and allow Perth, Western Australia to go to Perth. A hatnote on Perth linking to Perth, Scotland puts it only one click away. Roger (talk) 07:43, 26 June 2012 (UTC)

 * Speedy Close as per WP:CANVASS which is done with the intention of influencing the outcome of a discussion towards one side of a debate — is considered inappropriate the statment left by PT Aufrette at multiple Wikiprojects including isnt neutral it say that a decision has been made at move review specifically which was closed with a finding that the original requested-move closure was endorsed; . While factual this has salted the request for discussion as its told potential participants the desired outcome. Gnangarra 09:02, 26 June 2012 (UTC)
 * I don't anything P.T. Aufrette posted could be considered canvassing. The note posted to other noticeboards was, as you noted, factual. Indeed, WP:CANVASS states "In general, it is perfectly acceptable to notify other editors of ongoing discussions, provided that it is done with the intent to improve the quality of the discussion by broadening participation to more fully achieve consensus."  I ♦  A  09:13, 26 June 2012 (UTC)

 * The notices I posted didn't actually mention that the original requested move was in the opposite direction. So the aside about the move review outcome might actually have created the exact opposite impression from what you fear.  In giving background details, I mostly just wanted to explain to people at the other regional WikiProjects why I was posting to their boards with an unrelated topic. — P.T. Aufrette (talk) 09:30, 26 June 2012 (UTC)
 * You could easily have said posting here to request addition insight not mentioned anything else. When someone comes here to read the discussion you repeat the comment and add the move review process is relatively new and might not be universally accepted that is asking for comment to support the review decision. As I said you have factually reported but you have also lead the people commenting to a desired conclusion of endorsing the prior RM and the move review. Gnangarra 09:46, 26 June 2012 (UTC)
 * I don't see any bias in the posts on various WikiProjects (I came here as a result of the post on WikiProject South Africa). In fact even after reading this entire page I still don't know if P.T. Aufrette supports or opposes the proposal. Roger (talk) 12:46, 26 June 2012 (UTC)
 * I don't see any canvassing; I think the note is ok. ErikHaugen (talk | contribs) 16:30, 26 June 2012 (UTC)

 * Opppose Because we on en.wiki are certainly smartest of it.wiki. where is it:Perth (Australia Occidentale). ;-) --Kasper2006 (talk) 12:34, 26 June 2012 (UTC)

 * Comment, Frm a look through all the other language WPs, it is variants on the above proposal which is the norm, and only the English one which is out of kilter (pun intended!) Brendandh (talk) 13:43, 26 June 2012 (UTC)

 * Oppose - To be honest, I was going to support a move of Perth to Perth, Western Australia because I felt that neither Perth, Western Australia or Perth, Scotland were the primary topic but the page view stats show that opinion to be flawed. "Perth, Perthshire" seems unhelpful disambiguation for the reasons previously stated by Roger. --AussieLegend (talk) 15:24, 26 June 2012 (UTC)

 * Oppose (no opinion on whether Perth, Scotland should be moved to Perth, Perthshire; I'm not sure why that was thrown in with the rest of this move, it is unrelated). While I'm sympathetic to the idea that the "original" topic for a term ought to be given a leg-up when determining primacy, discussions about this matter in the past seem to overwhelmingly shoot down that idea, so to use it here might be local consensus. ErikHaugen (talk | contribs) 16:43, 26 June 2012 (UTC)

 * Oppose per several grounds: 1. Least surprise to readers - page stat views show that when readers ask Wiki for Perth, in over 80% of cases they are seeking Perth, Western Australia. 2. International readership - Perth WA is capital city of an Australian state with a mining boom and a significant influx in population which has hosted the 1962 Commonwealth (then Empire) Games, various World Swimming Championships and most recently the CHOGM gathering in October 2011, amongst others. Most of this international readership would never have heard of the Scottish Perth, or any of the other Perths unless they live near one of them. 3. Although some aspects of disambiguation policy with regards to Australian place names are occasionally under dispute, one which has never been under dispute is the notion that capitals should where possible be located at their primary topic - so we have Adelaide, Melbourne (despite Melbourne, Florida), Sydney (despite Sydney, Nova Scotia), Brisbane and Canberra. 4. Academic and news searches are even more adamant than Wiki on the primary topic - in part due to Perth WA being home to five universities. I don't think the Scottish Perth needs to be moved and can't really improve on Roger's reasons for holding that opinion. Orderinchaos 16:46, 26 June 2012 (UTC)
 * comment total hits to all perth articles linked via disambiguation page in Jan 2012 167,260 only 64% were to Perth WA if your going to quote stats be accurate. as for capitals Perth, Scotland was the capital from 900 AD until King James I was killed there in 1437, the capture of Perth and the throne resulted in Scottish civil war Cromwell built fortifications in english civil war, focal point for Robert the Bruce, been sacked presbertians, occupied by Jacobites 3 times, its been a garrison town since 1200's a major rail hub since 1848, significant port since 14th century. Its been at the centre of Socttish politics for 1200 years, he who hold perth holds the scottish throne with the Coronation stone just 2 miles from the city. Gnangarra 23:59, 26 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Not sure where you're getting your numbers from - I went to grok.se and got the stats for all of the places called Perth, and get a long-term average of 81.28% (st dev 2.75%), with a January 2012 average of 81.14% - and that's including two places, Perth Amboy and Perth-Andover, which are differently named; and further, is counting hits to "Perth, Australia" *outside* the WA total. Including things which aren't places doesn't really work as the primary topic identification is place-based. Otherwise, good points. Orderinchaos 07:47, 27 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Support Perth -> Perth, Australia, Perth (disambiguation) -> Perth; oppose Perth, Scotland -> Perth, Perthshire. That the latest move sequence has generated so much controversy is itself the best reason not to apply WP:primary topic, and make Perth a disambiguation page. "Perth, Perthshire" is an unhelpful page title because it provides no useful information to the uninitiated reader. Deryck C. 22:35, 26 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Comment I can wear my stupid American hat and say "Perth"? There's more than one? But seriously, Frankfurt provides a perfectly sensible answer:
 * Frankfurt
 * This article is about the city in Hesse. For the town in Brandenburg, see Frankfurt (Oder).  For other uses, see Frankfurt (disambiguation).
 * So... Perth, this is about the city in Australia. For the city in Scotland, see Perth, Scotland. For other uses, see Perth (disambuguation)
 * There is no useful purpose to using ", Pertheshire" unless obfuscation and confusion are our goal. So, upon consideration:
 * Oppose Perth (disambiguation) → Perth
 * Oppose Perth → Perth, Western Australia
 * Oppose Perth, Scotland → Perth, Perthshire VєсrumЬа ►TALK 16:04, 27 June 2012 (UTC)

 * Support Perth -> Perth, Australia, Perth (disambiguation) -> Perth; Oppose Perth, Scotland -> Perth, Perthshire, per Deryck C's reasons. Bjenks (talk) 04:08, 27 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Support Perth -> Perth, Australia, Perth (disambiguation) -> Perth; Both are important cities for different reasons - one is modern and the other is historic. Neither are WP:PRIMARYTOPICs as defined. Oppose Perth, Scotland -> Perth, Perthshire which would only confuse. Moondyne (talk) 05:35, 27 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Oppose' - Perth -> Perth, Australia & Perth, Scotland -> Perth, Perthshire as per my previous comments on this issue. Dan arndt (talk) 06:49, 27 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Support Perth -> Perth, Australia, Perth (disambiguation) -> Perth; This is a case where one article (Perth, WA) describes a city that is larger and better known outside Scotland than the city it is named after, but the very fact of the lengthy and tendentious discussions is a clear indication that the former does not have "substantially greater enduring notability and educational value than any other topic associated with that term" per WP:PRIMARY TOPIC. Oppose Perth, Scotland -> Perth, Perthshire which is both inaccurate (Perthshire is no longer a council area, the disambiguator suggested by WP:UKPLACE) and does not resemble any usage I have ever seen elsewhere.  Ben   Mac  Dui  07:50, 27 June 2012 (UTC)
 * We really should only consider evidence that is from sources external to Wikipedia. ErikHaugen (talk | contribs) 17:26, 27 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Oppose Perth -> Perth, Western Australia (or even Perth, Australia), current article naming is consistent with WP:PRIMARYTOPIC, Strongly Oppose Perth, Scotland -> Perth, Perthshire, as it does not follow any current disambiguation norms. --Education does not equal common sense. 我不在乎  12:09, 27 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Oppose; the primacy of the Australian city has been established in a prior move request, and the finding of that establishment has been verified at move review. We have discussed it to death, and consensus is clear; it's time to just let it go for a while.  Powers T 14:36, 27 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Oppose. The Australian city is the contemporary PRIMARYTOPIC. This is the expected landing page for most readers who search for "Perth" (judging by other people's comments, this is the target for anywhere from 2/3 to 4/5 of all readers, with all other uses of "Perth" making up the remaining 1/5 to 1/3 of the readers). Page titles should reflect the concept in question from a global perspective, not a regional one. Mind  matrix  15:04, 27 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Comment. The requested move of Perth, Scotland to Perth, Perthshire is odd, as Perthshire appears to be a defunct county (it was abolished in 1930, and counties were abolished in 1975). A proper disambiguating term should use modern geopolitical administrative subdivisions, so a more appropriate target would be Perth, Perth and Kinross (yes, it's somewhat quirky, but it's accurate). Perth, Perthshire is anachronistic, and if such an article were to exist, it should be about a place that no longer exists (per se), similar to the article about Upper Canada vis-a-vis Ontario. A redirect from Perth, Perthshire to the final destination of Perth, Scotland (as is currently done) is certainly acceptable, though. Mind  matrix  15:04, 27 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Oppose all. WP:PRIMARYTOPIC only has two conditions, usage and long-term significance. The evidence supporting usage for Perth in Australia has been well established, both in the previous RM and in this one. On long-term significance, both cities have been around for what Wikipedia typically considers 'long-term', which puts them on equal footing on that condition. This places Perth in Australia ahead across both conditions. Lastly, moving Perth, Scotland to Perth, Perthshire seems to also be incorrect based on indications by editors above that the county has been defunct for decades. – NULL  ‹talk› ‹edits›  05:11, 28 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Support Perth, Western Australia -> Perth, disambiguation. I don't think Perth, WA meets the primary topic perfectly, and am more in favour of disambiguation because of the long term significance and educational value of Perth, Scotland. Oppose Perth, Scotland -> Perth, Perthshire. It's fine as is, and more valuable to the reader. OohBunnies!   (talk)  11:10, 28 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Oppose all. Usage clearly supports Aussie Perth as the primary topic. The Perthshire move is an unnecessary tangent and should have proposed separately if it has any merit. older ≠ wiser 11:29, 28 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Support the move of Perth (disambiguation) to Perth (if you have to argue about whether something is a primary topic, it means there isn't one). Support the move of Perth to Perth, West Australia (there are two places called Perth in Australia, so disambiguating by state is the best choice). Oppose the move of Perth, Scotland to Perth, Perthshire (everyone knows what Scotland is; hardly anyone knows about "Perthshire" or where it is supposed to be).—Ëzhiki (Igels Hérissonovich Ïzhakoff-Amursky) • (yo?); June 28, 2012; 13:07 (UTC)
 * Oppose Perth Australia should be the main article with a hatnote to the other city because it is much more trafficked.  Blue Rasberry    (talk)   14:55, 28 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Oppose The Perth of nearly 2 million inhabitants should not need any qualification, nor should not be equated with the Scottish Perth few have heard of. DMC (talk) 15:37, 28 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Perth Scotland is far more helpful to readers internationally. أبو خالد إبن المهندس (talk) 20:44, 28 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Oppose per P.T. Aufrette. Khazar2 (talk) 05:35, 2 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Oppose, as this is really getting silly. The proposal to move Perth, Scotland to Perth, Perthshire is likely to be especially confusing to the casual reader.  Lankiveil (speak to me) 12:06, 2 July 2012 (UTC).
 * Oppose' The Australian city is both the primary topic and the subject with long-term significance.  As for the related suggestion, the proposal to move Perth, Scotland to Perth, Perthshire would require (assuming the move is found to be desirable on its merits, which appears to be an open question) a concurrent minor revision to Naming conventions (geographic names), as Perth, Scotland is explicitly mentioned in the naming convention.  As such, I have put a notice of this discussion on the talk page for the naming convention.  --Skeezix1000 (talk) 13:18, 2 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Oppose Perth, Australia is clearly primary here.  bd2412  T 18:02, 2 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Oppose the Perthshire part, but Support the idea that it is inappropriate to claim a primarytopic for such an ambiguous name. Dicklyon (talk) 18:08, 2 July 2012 (UTC)

Long-term significance
As per WP:PRIMARYTOPIC: "In a few cases, there is some conflict between a topic of primary usage and one of primary long-term significance. In such a case, consensus determines which article, if either, is the primary topic". If there is no consensus "then the long-standing article title is kept" (ie Perth, Western Australia and Perth, Scotland), as the "article title[s have] been stable for a long time". Also remember that Wikipedia is not a democracy nor any other political system. We won't come to any consensus if we just give our supporting or opposing reasons (based on policy and guidlines of course) - though please feel free to continue above - we need to start conversations. Therefore, I'm opening this new subsection below to discuss long-term significance - the key sticking point. As always, refrain from personal attacks - focus on the arguments, and perhaps some people may change their minds. - Evad37 (talk) 03:24, 29 June 2012 (UTC) Now what WP:PRIMARYTOPIC actually says is: There is no single criterion for defining a primary topic. However, there are two major aspects that are commonly discussed in connection with primary topics: Frankly, neither of them have stronger claims to long-term significance. Both were only known by the name 'Perth' in the mid 19th century (Perth, Scotland because it was known as St. Johnstone before then; Perth, Australia because it was founded then), both of them have extensive records of prior settlement (Perth, Scotland by tribes, the English and Scots; Perth, Australia by a number of Aboriginal tribes in the Whadjuk group), both were the site of historical battles and bloodshed (Perth, Scotland involved in warring between the English and Scots; Perth, Australia involved in warring between the English and Noongar Aborigines). Perth, Scotland peaked in importance centuries before it was even known as Perth, with few events of enduring note since the late 18th century; Perth, Australia is arguably still at its peak importance (which continues to grow), driven by its drastic growth in population and wealth and its position as central hub for mining and primary resource industry throughout most of the western regions of Australia. Perth, Australia has also a significant port for the arrival of migrant ships since the 1940s, similar to the way New York was used as an arrival point for migrants in the United States.
 * A topic is primary for a term, with respect to usage, if it is highly likely—much more likely than any other topic, and more likely than all the other topics combined—to be the topic sought when a reader searches for that term.
 * A topic is primary for a term, with respect to long-term significance, if it has substantially greater enduring notability and educational value than any other topic associated with that term.
 * Discussion:

It could be reasonably argued that Perth, Scotland's long-term significance has fallen over the last few centuries, while Perth, Australia's long-term significance has grown. In either case, the difference between the two, solely with respect to long-term significance, is insufficient to make a clean declaration for or against either one. – NULL  ‹talk› ‹edits›  04:47, 29 June 2012 (UTC)
 * This, I believe, is what was used as the rationale for the close of the previous move. Long-term significance doesn't mean "significant for a long time". It refers to notability and educational value. Scotland has a thousand years of history, but as a state capital with ~200 years of history, Australia has equal international long-term significance. Usage, however, is Australia by a large margin. This was precisely what sold me on the current status, despite my voting against the move initially. Metao (talk) 08:50, 29 June 2012 (UTC)

 * Discussing the relative intrinsic importance of things that are both quite important is useless. Primary topic should be only applied as a criterion when it is clear and unambiguous and worldwide at least for those who know English. Rome is a good example. Living in NYS, I'm quite aware of the city in upstate NY also when I here the name, but in a general context I know that is almost always not what is intended. Anything less clear than that should go to a disam page. The definition of "less clear" is that a plausible argument can be made."   I consider even Ithaca as a borderline example: to me, the default meaning if there is no context at all is the city where Cornell University is located,   I doubt most people worldwide would think so, but most people much involved with US colleges would.  (Perth to me means the city in Scotland unless I know the context is Australian. But certainly it should not directly go there, because Australians are a sufficiently large group who would almost always use it otherwise.  DGG ( talk ) 17:09, 1 July 2012 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

title: Talk:Perth (disambiguation)


text:
Mattole

The Mattole, including the Bear River Indians, are a group of Native Americans in California. Their traditional lands are along the Mattole and Bear Rivers near Cape Mendocino in Humboldt County, California. A notable difference between the Mattole and other indigenous peoples of California is that the men traditionally had facial tattoos (on the forehead), while other local groups traditionally restricted facial tattooing to women.

Name
The Wailaki name was Tul'bush ("foreigners"), the Cahto name was Diideeʾ-kiiyaahaangn ("The North Tribe"). The Bear River Indians called themselves and the Mattole Ni'ekeni'.

Language
The Mattole spoke the Mattole language, an Athabaskan language that may have been closely related to that of their Eel River neighbors to the east. According to linguist Victor Golla, the last surviving person who could speak the Mattole language died in the 1950s.

Territory
Historically, the Mattole lived along the Mattole River in the valley of Humboldt County, northwestern California. The Mattole lived in the area for a few centuries, but carbon dating revealed that many native tribes have inhabited the land for over 6000 years. Earliest accounts say that the Mattole have been in the region of the Bear River tribe since the 16th century. From the mid-16th to the 19th centuries, the Mattole resided at the coast near the mouth of the river.

The Mattole were only permanent residents of a particular area through the winter months. For the most part, however, the Mattole people traveled in single family bands, traveling as necessary according to food abundance and better climate conditions —an easy feat with California's many microclimates.

Aboriginal Bear River villages included Tcalko', Chilsheck, Chilenche, Selsche'ech, Tlanko, Estakana, and Sehtla.

Way of life
The Mattole’s main food source has always been salmon. Salmon was a main food source because the Mattole were located along the Mattole river, which was abundant with Salmon. This also meant that the Mattole did not travel far from the river because that would mean abandoning their food source.

From the beginning of the tribe’s 16th-century arrival in what is now Humboldt County, Mattole villages were essentially collective groups of families settling in close proximity over winter months. For the most part however, the Mattole people would travel in single family bands where necessary according to food abundance and better climate conditions, an easy feat with California’s many microclimates. As warmer seasons set in the Mattole Valley, the Mattole would separate into their primary familial groups, becoming gatherers of vegetation more so than hunters as they would in colder months. As James Roscoe observed, "the simple family was by far the single most important social unit in Mattole society."

Tribes dealt with politics by electing tribesmen according to wealth and problem-solving skills rather than through bloodlines; These “chiefs,” as they were later named, weren’t complete rulers, but leaders of a democracy who made suggestions that would be taken into account by the rest of the tribe and decided upon through popular vote.

Among the Mattole, conduct toward waves is prescribed: That water watches you and has a definite attitude, favorable or otherwise towards you. Do not speak just before a wave breaks. Do not speak to passing rough water in a stream. Do not look at water very long for any one time, unless you have been to this spot ten times or more. Then the water there is used to you and does not mind if you're looking at it. Older men can talk in the presence of the water because they have been about so long that the water knows them. Until the water at any spot does know you, however, it becomes very rough if you talk in its presence or look at it too long.

Post-contact history
In the mid- to late-19th century, tensions rose between white settlers and the Native Americans. In 1856 the Mendocino reservation was established for the Indian tribes. It ranged from Mendocino county to Bear River. When the white settlers began establishing their homes in the Mattole valley in 1857, there was much conflict among the Indian tribes. The white settlers argued that the reservation was claiming lands that it should not be. The Mattole felt threatened because the white settlers were moving into their area and taking their women. The white settlers and Indian tribes—including the Mattole, were ruthlessly killing each other. Prison camps housed many Mattole and other Native Americans. On September 4, 1858, amidst the constant fighting, the Mattole Valley Treaty of Peace was established.

Although the treaty seemed to be keeping the peace among both groups, it eventually became useless in 1859 when the reservation was no longer considered a reservation and more white settlers were coming in.

Population
Estimates for the pre-contact populations of most native groups in California have varied substantially. (See Population of Native California.) Alfred L. Kroeber put the 1770 population of the Mattole at 500. Sherburne F. Cook estimated the combined populations of the Mattole, Whilkut, Nongatl, Sinkyone, Lassik, and Kato at 4,700, at least 50% higher than Kroeber's figure for the same groups. Martin A. Baumhoff estimated the aboriginal Mattole-Bear River population as 2,476.

The Mattole federal reservation, the Rohnerville Rancheria, located south of Eureka, reported a population of 29 in the 2000 census.

The most recent US Census Bureau tabulation in 2010 reported that there were 14 members.

Tribe today

The Bear River Band of the Rohnerville Rancheria (Mattole River, Eel River (Wailaki), Bear River and Wiyot People) is now organized as a federally recognized tribe. It is located Humboldt County, California. The Bear River Band of Rohnerville Rancheria currently has 525 Enrolled Tribal Citizens, and enrollment into the Bear River Band is based on lineal descent and residency of the rancheria. The Bear River Band is governed by a Tribal Council, composed of seven members elected to four year terms. The current Chairwoman is Josefina Cortez and the current Vice Chairman is Edwin Smith. The tribe publishes the Bear River Bulletin newspaper for its members and also provides various services for the wellbeing of its members such as, social services, housing, economic development, and even daycare. The tribe operates the Bear River Casino, also in Loleta.

The Bear River Band is continuously trying to protect their cultural resources and ancestral territory. The Tribal Historic Officer (THPO) is in charge of the Tribal Historic Preservation Plans, which “emphasize the importance of the oral tradition, as well as consulting Tribal elders and spiritual leaders with special knowledge of the Tribe's traditions. They also have given emphasis to the importance of protecting 'traditional cultural properties,' places that are eligible for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places because of their association with cultural practices and beliefs that are: (1) rooted in the history of the community; and, (2) are important to maintaining the continuity of that community's traditional beliefs and practices”.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Mattole


text:
Mississippi kite

The Mississippi kite (Ictinia mississippiensis) is a small bird of prey in the family Accipitridae. Mississippi kites have narrow, pointed wings and are graceful in flight, often appearing to float in the air. It is common to see several circling in the same area.

Taxonomy
The Mississippi kite was first named and described by the Scottish ornithologist Alexander Wilson in 1811, in the third volume of his American Ornithology. Wilson gave the kite the Latin binomial name of Falco mississippiensis: Falco means "falcon", while mississippiensis means from the Mississippi River in the United States. The current genus of Ictinia originated with Louis Pierre Vieillot's 1816 Analyse d'une nouvelle Ornithologie Elémentaire. The genus name derives from the Greek iktinos, for "kite". Wilson also gave the Mississippi kite its English-language common name. He had first observed the species in the Mississippi Territory, while the bird's long pointed wings and forked tail suggested that it was a type of kite. It is currently classified in the subfamily Buteoninae, tribe Buteonini.

Description
Adults are gray with darker gray on their tail feathers and outer wings and lighter gray on their heads and inner wings. Kites of all ages have red eyes and red to yellow legs. Males and females look alike, but the males are slightly paler on the head and neck. Young kites have banded tails and streaked bodies. The bird is 12 to 15 inches (30–37 cm) beak to tail and has a wingspan averaging 3 feet (91 cm). Weight is from 214 to 388 grams (7.6–13.7 oz). The call is a high-pitched squeak, sounding similar to the noise made by a squeaky toy.

Range and migration
The summer breeding territory of the Mississippi kite is in the central and southern United States; the southern Great Plains is considered a stronghold for the species. Breeding territory has expanded in recent years and Mississippi kites have been regularly recorded in the southern New England states; a pair has successfully raised young as far north as Newmarket, New Hampshire. Another pair was observed breeding in Ohio in 2007. As well, the territory has expanded westwards due to shelterbelts being planted in grassland habitats.

This species migrate to southern subtropical South America in the winter, mostly to Argentina and Brazil. Migration normally occurs in groups of 20 to 30 birds. However, there are exceptions; mixed flocks may occur in migration, being recorded with up to 10,000 birds in one instance at Fuerte Esperanza, Argentina.

Behavior and ecology
Mississippi kites are social birds, gathering in roosts in late summer. They do not maintain territories.

Food and feeding
The diet of the Mississippi kite consists mostly of insects which they capture in flight. They eat cicada, grasshoppers, and other crop-damaging insects, making them economically important. They have also been known to eat small vertebrates, including birds, amphibians, reptiles, and small mammals. They will usually hunt from a low perch before chasing after prey, eating it in flight. They will fly around cattle and horses to catch insects stirred up from the grass.

Breeding
Mississippi kites are monogamous, forming breeding pairs before or soon after arriving at breeding sites. Courtship displays are rare, however individuals have been seen guarding their mate from competitors.

Mississippi kites usually lay two white eggs (rarely one or three) in twig nests that rest in a variety of deciduous trees, most commonly in elm, eastern cottonwood, hackberry, oak, and mesquite. Except in elm and cottonwood, most nests are fewer than 20 feet (6 m) above the ground, and are usually near water. Eggs are white to pale-bluish in color, and are usually about 1.5 inches (3.8 cm) long. In the past 75 years, the species has undergone changes in nesting habitat from use of forest and savanna to include shelterbelts and is now a common nester in urban area in the western south-central states. Mississippi kites nest in colonies. Both parents incubate the eggs and care for the young. They have one clutch a year, which takes 30 to 32 days to hatch. The young birds leave the nest another 30 to 34 days after hatching. Only about half of broods succeed. Clutches fall victim to storms and predators such as raccoons and great horned owls. Because there are fewer predators in urban areas, Mississippi kites produce more offspring in urban areas than rural. They have an average lifespan of 8 years.

Conservation
The species was in decline in the mid-1900s, but now has an increasing population and expanding range. While the Mississippi kite is not an endangered species, it is protected under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918, which protects the birds, their eggs, and their nests (occupied or empty) from being moved or tampered with without the proper permits. This can make the bird a nuisance when it chooses to roost in populated urban spots such as golf courses or schools. The birds protect their nests by diving at perceived threats, including humans; however, this occurs in less than 20% of nests. Staying at least 50 yards from nests is the best way to avoid conflict with the birds. If this is not possible, wearing a hat or waving hands in the air should prevent the bird from making contact but will not prevent the diving behavior.

Historical material

 * "Falco Mississippiensis, Mississippi Kite"; in American Ornithology 2nd edition, volume 1 (1828) by Alexander Wilson and George Ord. Colour plate from 1st edition by A. Wilson.
 * John James Audubon. "The Mississippi Kite", Ornithological Biography volume 2 (1834).  Illustration from Birds of America octavo edition, 1840.
 * "Mississippi Kite", Thomas Nuttall, A manual of the ornithology of the United States and of Canada; volume 1, The Land Birds (1832).

title: Mississippi kite


text:
User:PaulJones

For all your hard work.

title: User:PaulJones


text:
1994 FIFA World Cup qualification (AFC)

Listed below are the dates and results for the 1994 FIFA World Cup qualification rounds for the Asian zone (AFC). For an overview of the qualification rounds, see the article 1994 FIFA World Cup qualification.

A total of 29 teams entered the competition. The Asian zone was allocated 2 places (out of 24) in the final tournament.

Format
There were two rounds of play:
 * First Round: The teams were divided into 6 groups of 4 or 5 teams each, although Myanmar and Nepal withdrew after playing no matches. The teams would play against each other twice. The group winners would advance to the Final Round.
 * Final Round: The 6 teams would play against each other once in Qatar. The group winner and runner-up would qualify.

Group A
Iraq advanced to the Final Round.

Group B
Iran advanced to the Final Round.

Group C
North Korea advanced to the Final Round.

Group D
South Korea advanced to the Final Round.

Group E
Saudi Arabia advanced to the Final Round.

Group F
Japan advanced to the final round.

Final round
With Iran, North Korea, and Iraq qualifying for the final round fears were expressed in the United States of those countries potentially turning up at their tournament, since the three nations at the time were under economic sanctions by the United States.

Saudi Arabia and South Korea qualified.

See 1993 Japan v Iraq football match

To date, this was the last time Japan failed to qualify for a World Cup.

Qualified teams
The following two teams from AFC qualified for the final tournament.

 * 1 Bold indicates champions for that year. Italic indicates hosts for that year.

Goalscorers

 * 13 goals

 * 🇯🇵 Kazuyoshi Miura

 * 8 goals

 * 🇮🇶 Alaa Kadhim
 * 🇰🇷 Ha Seok-Ju
 * 🇹🇭 Piyapong Pue-On

 * 7 goals

 * 🇮🇷 Ali Daei
 * 🇯🇵 Takuya Takagi
 * 🇶🇦 Khalil Al-Malki
 * Saeed Al-Owairan

 * 6 goals

 * 🇨🇳 Gao Hongbo
 * 🇮🇶 Laith Hussein
 * 🇮🇶 Saad Qais
 * 🇮🇶 Ahmed Radhi
 * Ali Marwi
 * Azman Adnan
 * 🇰🇵 Ryu Song-Gun
 * Adnan Al Talyani
 * Abdulrazaq Ibrahim Balooshi

 * 5 goals

 * 🇮🇷 Ali Asghar Modir Roosta
 * Jasem Al Huwaidi
 * 🇰🇵 Choe Yong-Son

 * 4 goals

 * 🇨🇳 Cai Sheng
 * 🇯🇵 Masashi Nakayama
 * 🇰🇵 Choe Won-Nam
 * 🇶🇦 Mahmoud Soufi
 * Khaled Al-Muwallid
 * Hamzah Idris Falatah
 * Fandi Ahmad
 * Varadaraju Sundramoorthy

 * 3 goals

 * 🇧🇭 Khamis Eid Rafe Thani
 * Hossain Joarder
 * 🇮🇳 Bhupinder Thakur
 * 🇮🇷 Hamid Derakhshan
 * 🇯🇵 Masahiro Fukuda
 * 🇯🇴 Subhi Al-Gnimaz
 * 🇯🇴 Mohammad Muharam
 * Hamed Al-Saleh
 * Azizol Abu Haniffah
 * Abdul Mubin Mokhtar
 * 🇶🇦 Fahad Al Kuwari
 * 🇶🇦 Mubarak Mustafa
 * Majed Abdullah
 * Fahad Al-Mehallel
 * 🇰🇷 Choi Moon-Sik
 * 🇰🇷 Lee Ki-Beom
 * 🇸🇾 Mohammad Afash
 * 🇸🇾 Abdul Latif Helou
 * 🇸🇾 Mohamad Moustafa Kadir

 * 2 goals

 * 🇧🇭 Khamis Mubarak
 * Karim Mohammed Rumi Rizvi
 * 🇨🇳 Hao Haidong
 * 🇨🇳 Li Bing
 * 🇨🇳 Xu Hong
 * 🇭🇰 Au Wai Lun
 * 🇭🇰 Cheung Kam Wa
 * 🇭🇰 Lee Kin Wo
 * 🇮🇳 Sathyan Vatta Barambath
 * 🇮🇳 Inivalappil Mani Vijayan
 * 🇮🇩 Sudirman
 * 🇮🇷 Hamid Estili
 * 🇮🇷 Mehdi Fonounizadeh
 * 🇮🇶 Naeem Saddam
 * 🇮🇶 Munthir Khalaf
 * 🇮🇶 Radhi Shenaishil
 * 🇯🇵 Tetsuji Hashiratani
 * 🇯🇵 Masami Ihara
 * 🇯🇴 Jeris Tadrus
 * Fayez Al-Felaij
 * Wail Al Habashi
 * Hamoud Al-Shemmari
 * Abdullah Wabran
 * Rafi Joulfagi
 * Paramasivan Ravindran
 * 🇰🇵 Cho In-Chol
 * 🇰🇵 Kim Kwang-min
 * 🇰🇵 Kim Kyong-il
 * Yousuf Saleh Al-Alawi
 * Rashid Al-Wahaibi
 * Mohammed Abdul Noor
 * 🇶🇦 Zamel Al Kuwari
 * Sami Al-Jaber
 * Ahmed Jamil Madani
 * Mohd Rafi Ali
 * 🇰🇷 Hong Myung-Bo
 * 🇰🇷 Kim Tae-Young
 * 🇰🇷 Ko Jeong-Woon
 * 🇰🇷 Park Jung-Bae
 * 🇸🇾 Nizar Mahrous
 * 🇹🇭 Songserm Maperm
 * 🇹🇭 Kiatisuk Senamuang
 * Khamees Saad Mubarak
 * 🇾🇪 Mohamed Hassan Abdullah
 * 🇾🇪 Ahmed Abdul Karim Al-Brid
 * 🇾🇪 Omar Mubarak
 * 🇾🇪 Wagdan Mahmoud Shadli

 * 1 goal

 * 🇧🇭 Adel Abdulrahman Marzouq
 * 🇧🇭 Juma Marzouq
 * 🇧🇭 Samir Mubarak
 * 🇧🇭 Ali Saad
 * Kaiser Hamid
 * Sayed Rumman Sabbir
 * 🇨🇳 Wu Qunli
 * 🇨🇳 Zhao Faqing
 * Chen Fu-Yuan
 * Chen Jiunn-Ming
 * Yeh Ching-Tueng
 * 🇭🇰 Loh Wai Chi
 * 🇭🇰 Tam Siu Wai
 * 🇭🇰 Wong Chi Keung
 * 🇮🇳 Tajinder Kumar
 * 🇮🇩 Rahmad Darmawan
 * 🇮🇩 Singgih Pitono
 * 🇮🇩 Alexander Saununu
 * 🇮🇩 Putut Widjanarko
 * 🇮🇷 Mehdi Abtahi
 * 🇮🇷 Reza Hassanzadeh
 * 🇮🇷 Javad Manafi
 * 🇮🇷 Majid Namjoo-Motlagh
 * 🇮🇶 Mahdi Kadhim
 * 🇮🇶 Habib Jafar
 * 🇮🇶 Ahmed Daham
 * 🇮🇶 Jaffar Omran
 * 🇮🇶 Akram Emmanuel
 * 🇯🇵 Takumi Horiike
 * 🇯🇵 Ruy Ramos
 * 🇯🇵 Masaaki Sawanobori
 * 🇯🇵 Mitsunori Yoshida
 * 🇯🇴 Jamal Abu Abed
 * 🇯🇴 Ahmad Al-Bashir
 * 🇯🇴 Hisham Abed Al-Minem
 * 🇯🇴 Aref Al-Shewaier
 * Ayman Al Husaini
 * Basel Abdul Rahim
 * Fadi Alloush
 * Hassan Ayoub
 * Youssef Farhat
 * Babkin Melikian
 * Wael Nazha
 * Jamal Taha
 * 🇲🇴 Daniel Pinto
 * A. Elangovan
 * Zainal Abidin Hassan
 * 🇰🇵 Pang Gwang-Chol
 * 🇰🇵 Yong Jin-Li
 * 🇰🇵 Yun Jong-Su
 * Hamdan Abdulla Al-Moamari
 * Mattar Al-Mukhaini
 * Yunis Aman Al-Naseeb
 * Nabil Al-Siyabi
 * 🇵🇰 Tahir Agha
 * 🇵🇰 Abdul Farooq
 * 🇶🇦 Rayed Al-Boloushi
 * 🇶🇦 Sultan Bakhit Al-Kuwari
 * 🇶🇦 Yousef Khalaf
 * Abdullah Al-Dosari
 * Mansour Al-Mousa
 * Mansour Al-Muainea
 * Razali Saad
 * Steven Tan
 * 🇰🇷 Gu Sang-Bum
 * 🇰🇷 Hwangbo Kwan
 * 🇰🇷 Hwang Seon-Hong
 * 🇰🇷 Jung Jae-Kwon
 * 🇰🇷 Kang Chul
 * 🇰🇷 Kim Pan-Keun
 * 🇰🇷 Noh Jung-Yoon
 * 🇰🇷 Park Nam-Yeol
 * 🇰🇷 Seo Jung-Won
 * 🇰🇷 Shin Hong-Ki
 * 🇸🇾 Ali Cheikh Dib
 * 🇸🇾 Jamal Kazem
 * 🇸🇾 Munaf Ramadan
 * 🇹🇭 Pongthorn Thiubthong
 * Mohamed Ahmed
 * Ali Thani Jumaa
 * Ismail Rashid Ismail
 * Fahad Khamees Mubarak
 * Nasir Khamees Mubarak
 * Hà Vương Ngầu Nại
 * Lư Đình Tuấn
 * Nguyễn Hồng Sơn
 * Phan Thanh Hùng
 * 🇾🇪 Ahmed Bareed
 * 🇾🇪 Saleh Rabiah Ben
 * 🇾🇪 Asam Duraiban
 * 🇾🇪 Sharaf Mahfood

 * 1 own goal

 * 🇮🇩 Robby Darwis (playing against North Korea)

Awards
On 28 October 1993, the experts of FIFA and AFC selected the best players of the competition.

Most Outstanding Player
 * 🇮🇷 Ali Daei

Asian All Stars

title: 1994 FIFA World Cup qualification (AFC)


text:
Inside Recordings

Inside Recordings is a Los Angeles, California based independent record label founded by singer-songwriter Jackson Browne in 1999. Browne has stated that the mission of the label is to "create a haven for music that might not find a home in the mainstream." In 2005, Inside Recordings signed a nationwide direct distribution deal with independent music distributor Alternative Distribution Alliance. The label's inaugural release under the agreement was Browne's own Solo Acoustic, Vol. 1, which was released in the U.S. on October 11, 2005. It was nominated for a Grammy Award soon afterward, just as Solo Acoustic, Vol. 2 was released. Artists with works previously released on the label include the Joel Rafael Band and Native American activist and spoken word artist John Trudell.

In 2008, Browne released his first studio recording in six years, Time the Conqueror, on Inside Recordings.

title: Inside Recordings


text:
George Thomas Armstrong

George Thomas Armstrong (February 19, 1881 – September 9, 1941 ) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1915 to 1920, as a member of the Liberal Party.

Biography
Armstrong was born in Huntley Township, Carleton County, Ontario, the son of Hugh Armstrong, and was educated at Manitoba public schools. He received a Bachelor of Laws degree from the University of Manitoba. He was called to the Manitoba bar in 1905 and practised law in Manitou. Armstrong was also a prominent freemason, and a member of the Church of England. In 1907, he married Margaret E. McTavish. He was named a King's Counsel in 1920.

He was first elected to the Manitoba legislature in the 1915 provincial election, defeating Conservative W.H. Sharpe by 84 votes in the constituency of Manitou. The Liberals won a landslide majority in this election, and Armstrong served as a backbench supporter of Tobias Norris's government for the next five years.

He ran for re-election in the 1920 campaign but finished third against Conservative John Ridley, losing by 284 votes.

In 1929, Armstrong was named county court judge for the southern judicial district of Manitoba.

He died in Morden after an extended illness at the age of 60.

title: George Thomas Armstrong


text:
Menshutkin reaction

In organic chemistry, the Menshutkin reaction converts a tertiary amine into a quaternary ammonium salt by reaction with an alkyl halide. Similar reactions occur when tertiary phosphines are treated with alkyl halides.

The reaction is the method of choice for the preparation of quaternary ammonium salts. Some phase transfer catalysts (PTC) can be prepared according to the Menshutkin reaction, for instance the synthesis of triethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (TEBA) from triethylamine and benzyl chloride:

Scope
Reactions are typically conducted in polar solvents such as alcohols. Alkyl iodides are superior alkylating agents relative to the bromides, which in turn are superior to chlorides. As is typical for an SN2 process, benzylic, allylic, and α-carbonylated alkyl halides are excellent reactants. Even though alkyl chlorides are poor alkylating agents (gem-dichlorides especially so), amines should not be handled in chlorinated solvents such as dichloromethane and dichloroethane, especially at high temperatures, due to the possibility of a Menshutkin reaction. (Sometimes, kinetically facile reactions like acylations are sometimes conducted in chlorinated solvents nonetheless.) Highly nucleophilic tertiary amines like DABCO will react with dichloromethane at room temperature overnight and at reflux (39-40 °C) over several hours to give the quaternized product (see the article on Selectfluor). Due to steric hindrance and unfavorable electronic properties, chloroform reacts very slowly with tertiary amines over a period of several weeks to months. Even pyridines, which are considerably less nucleophilic than typical tertiary amines, react with dichloromethane at room temperature over a period of several days to weeks to give bis(pyridinium)methane salts.

In addition to solvent and alkylating agent, other factors strongly influence the reaction. In one particular macrocycle system the reaction rate is not only accelerated (150000 fold compared to quinuclidine) but the halide order is also changed

History
The reaction is named after its discoverer, Nikolai Menshutkin, who described the procedure in 1890. Depending on the source, his name (and the reaction named after him) is spelled as Menšutkin, Menshutkin, or Menschutkin.

title: Menshutkin reaction


text:
GPK

GPK may refer to:

 * Kaaba Youth Movement (Gerakan Pemuda Kabah), youth wing of United Development Party
 * East Glacier Park station, in Montana, United States
 * Garbage Pail Kids, an animated television series and film
 * Government Polytechnic, Karwar, in Karnataka, India
 * Grange Park railway station, in London
 * Grenzplankostenrechnung, a cost-accounting methodology
 * GPK, Australian musician; founder of the band GPKism

title: GPK


text:
User talk:Mattp3d

 * I've added a reply to your "cult of personality" discussion at Talk:Newegg. --Nothlit 21:04, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mattp3d


text:
Talk:Flag of the United States Marine Corps

Re: Moving & Merge
I agree with SEWilco that Flag of United States Marine Corps should be merged with this already existing article. — Linnwood 21:05, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

Which flag image
There presently are two flag images, with different size ratios. Which is correct? Image:USMC flag.png or Image:Marine corps flag.gif. Also note List of U.S. military flags. (SEWilco 18:00, 21 August 2005 (UTC))
 * I've changed the page to show Image:Marine_corps_flag.gif as it is a better quality image of the flag. Also it is the flag imaged used on the page for the United States Marine Corps, so we will be consistent. — Linnwood 20:57, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * AFAIK, both flags are correct. The PNG appears to be an older version of the flag and the GIF is the newer version. I'm unsure when the change was made. - Thanks, Hoshie | 01:28, 1 December 2005 (UTC)

Another source
A possible source is the Marines' flag manual. http://www.usmc.mil/directiv.nsf/0/aca390d7d0db6adb85256926005ff32b?OpenDocument&Highlight=0,Flag (SEWilco 04:18, 4 July 2007 (UTC))

WP:INFOBOXFLAG
Can someone please review this article to see if it looks better before or after the edit/reverts being made by 50.121.48.234 (talk)
 * And ask him/her to respect the discussion on this page prior to reverting and without making accusations of vandalism. 50.121.48.234 (talk) 21:58, 6 February 2014 (UTC)
 * "Better" is a subjective opinion. Since this article is about a flag, a Flag-related infobox is wholly called for. Blatantly removing content without an explanation is considered vandalism by Wikipedia protocols. Also, I don't see what "WP:INFOBOXFLAG" has anything to do with this article, considering there is not a single flagicon to be found on it. Illegitimate Barrister (talk) 22:01, 6 February 2014 (UTC)

 * ""Better" is a subjective opinion", precisley the reason I have asked for help, so that we have an independent opinion as to whether your edit improved the article.

 * As you are well aware WP:INFOBOXFLAG relates to all the other reverts you are performing which I have also asked advice regarding. 50.121.48.234 (talk) 22:08, 6 February 2014 (UTC)

This is not the place to discuss those edits. If you want to discuss those edits, go to those pages. No sense discussing nuclear physics on an article about Estonian cuisine. Illegitimate Barrister (talk) 22:23, 6 February 2014 (UTC)

 * Illegitimate Barrister, your conduct throughout this has been appalling. You have been nothing but rude and uncivil to this user from the very beginning. I think you enjoy issuing those warnings. Yet, here is a case where someone followed the rules, and you conveniently claimed to be part of a group which formed a consensus allowing you to ignore the rules. Just what is the point of having rules if people like you can disregard them at your convenience? 67.43.136.166 (talk) 23:06, 6 February 2014 (UTC)
 * No administrative action is required here - this is a content dispute, and thus needs some form of dispute resolution. I would recommend that you request a third opinion as the first step. Please can I remind both parties that civility and the assumption of good faith are required here; both of you believe that you are improving the encyclopedia, so you need to work together and come to an agreement as to what course of action will best achieve that aim. Yunshui 雲  水  15:14, 7 February 2014 (UTC)

I'd also like to remind the I.P. to read WP:SOCK, particularly the section about: "Creating an illusion of support: Alternative accounts must not be used to give the impression of more support for a position than actually exists." Illegitimate Barrister (talk) 01:46, 14 April 2014 (UTC)

USMC Flag Color
The infobox says the flag is red. The design section says scarlet and gold the Corps' colors, which I believe is correct. Any objection to changing the infobox from red to scarlet 2x? user:JMOprof ©¿©¬ 17:17, 1 September 2014 (UTC)
 * No objection here. Be bold and just do what you think is best. No permission is needed as no article is owned by any one user. Regards, Illegitimate Barrister 23:12, 31 December 2014 (UTC)

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I have just modified 2 external links on Flag of the United States Marine Corps. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080313153102/http://www.mbw.usmc.mil/color_guarddefault.asp to http://www.mbw.usmc.mil/color_guarddefault.asp
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110629182035/http://www.marines.mil/unit/barracks/Pages/ColorGuard.aspx to http://www.marines.mil/unit/barracks/Pages/ColorGuard.aspx

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text:
User:Thefraj

I was born in 1981 in England.

title: User:Thefraj


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/KVH Industries

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was KEEP. -Splash 01:27, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

KVH_Industries
This and linked pages seem to be advertising material, in many cases with wholly inappropriate titles (e.g. RV page consisting only of a list of KVH aerial products with marketing description). Another editor's Cleanup tag was removed by page author without any discussion. Redgrittybrick 22:03, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. The article definitely needs some cleanup but this is a valid NASDAQ-listed company and most of the information is factual, not "advertising".  The listing of products is perhaps over done, but it is an editing job, not a reason to delete. -- DS1953 22:45, August 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, this is pure advertisement. It may be a real company with many facts in the article, but we delete adverts here.  Nuking the article so that someone can start over is a totally acceptable option.  The removal of the cleanup tag points even further toward a delete.  Tempshill 00:45, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. The nasdq listing kind of says it all.  The article needs a good rewrite/cleanup.  Cleanup tag is back in.  If someone removes it without doing the needed cleanup, maybe they need to be blocked?  Vegaswikian 06:02, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. The page has been significantly revised since I inserted the VfD. Whilst it could probably do with more work (POV), I now don't feel it needs to be deleted. Redgrittybrick 13:15, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: User talk:24.60.227.123

title: User talk:24.60.227.123


text:
User:JoWiki

Hi!

title: User:JoWiki


text:
User:IainC

Hello!
It appears that this is my user page. Smashing!

title: User:IainC


text:
User talk:JoWiki

discuss things here....

Moving pages
Hi there - I noticed in your edit history that you have been moving user pages to irrationally named pages. Please refrain from doing this in the future, as it is quite disruptive and is considered a form of vandalism. Thanks for your understanding. --HappyCamper 02:31, 4 September 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:JoWiki


text:
Pete Dexter

Pete Dexter (born July 22, 1943) is an American novelist. He won the U.S. National Book Award in 1988 for his novel Paris Trout.

Early life and education
Dexter was born in Pontiac, Michigan. His father died when Dexter was four and he and his mother moved to Milledgeville, Georgia, where she married a college physics professor. He earned his undergraduate degree in 1969 from the University of South Dakota, which awarded him an honorary Doctor of Letters and Literature in 2010.

Career
He worked for what is now The Palm Beach Post in West Palm Beach, Florida, but quit in 1972 because the paper's owners forced the editorial page editor to endorse Richard Nixon over George McGovern. He was a columnist for the Philadelphia Daily News, from 1974 to 1986, The Sacramento Bee, and syndicated to many newspapers such as the Seattle Post-Intelligencer.

Dexter began writing fiction after a life-changing 1981 incident in the Devil's Pocket, neighborhood in South Philadelphia, in which a mob of locals armed with baseball bats beat him severely. The perpetrators were upset by Dexter's recent column about a murder involving a drug deal-gone-wrong, published on December 9, 1981, in the Philadelphia Daily News, A couple of weeks ago, a kid named Buddy Lego was found dead in Cobbs Creek," wrote Dexter. "It was a Sunday afternoon. He was from the neighborhood, a good athlete, a nice kid. Stoned all the time. The kind of kid you think you could have saved.

The kid's mother called Dexter, nearly hysterical. How, she cried, could he write that her dead son was a drug user? Lego's brother, Tommy, the night bartender at Dougherty's, was also on the phone, screaming at the then-38-year-old columnist, demanding a retraction.

Dexter went to Dougherty's bar to talk to Tommy Lego, having told Lego he would not be publishing a retraction. In the bar, Dexter was blindsided by two blows to the jaw, splintering and breaking teeth. Later, Dexter returned with a friend, heavyweight prizefighter Randall "Tex" Cobb. In the ensuing fight outside the bar in the street, Cobb's arm was broken and Dexter was hospitalized with several injuries, including a broken back, pelvis, brain damage and dental devastation. Cobb's injuries cost him a shot at WBA heavyweight champion Mike Weaver. The assault and its aftermath are mirrored by events that occur in Dexter's 2009 novel, Spooner.

Paper Trails, published in 2007, is a compilation of columns he wrote for the Philadelphia Daily News and The Sacramento Bee from the 1970s to the 1990s.

Personal life
For many years, Dexter lived and wrote on Whidbey Island in Puget Sound. Dexter holds a position as Writer in Residence in the creative writing program at the University of South Dakota. He lives in Vermillion, South Dakota, near the university.

Novels

 * God's Pocket (1983) – adapted as the 2014 film God's Pocket
 * Deadwood (1986) – influenced the 1995 film Wild Bill
 * Paris Trout (1988) — winner of the National Book Award for Fiction
 * Brotherly Love (1991)
 * The Paperboy (1995) — 1996 Literary Award, PEN Center USA
 * Train (2003)
 * Spooner (2009)

Nonfiction

 * Paper Trails (2007)

Screenplays

 * Paris Trout (1991)
 * Rush (1991)
 * Michael (1996)
 * Mulholland Falls (1996)
 * The Paperboy (2012)

title: Pete Dexter


text:
File:DavidBonior.jpg

Ed Rowe speaking at a war protest in the Central United Methodist Church in downtown Detroit, Michigan, March 18, 2005. A few months later, I incorrectly identified the man in this picture as David Bonior, to whom he bears some similarity.

I took this picture with a Canon EOS Digital Rebel, f/5.6 at 1/60 sec., with Speedlite 420EX flash. Reduced to 100dpi in Adobe Photoshop. I release this image to be used under the terms of the GDFL.

title: File:DavidBonior.jpg


text:
Jagarana

Jagarana (जागरण), also rendered Jagran, Jagarata (जगराता), and Jaga is a Hindu ritual, mainly practised in North India. It comprises the performance of all-night vigils, as well as puja, songs, and dances for the veneration of a deity. A jagarana is generally performed for the veneration of Hindu goddesses, major deities such as Shiva and Krishna, as well as various folk deities like Khandoba and Devnarayan. Devotees worship the deity throughout the night by singing bhajans, performing arati, and listening to legends of the deity.

title: Jagarana


text: User talk:162.27.9.20

title: User talk:162.27.9.20


text:
1994 FIFA World Cup qualification (CAF)

Listed below are the dates and results for the 1994 FIFA World Cup qualification rounds for the African zone (CAF). For an overview of the qualification rounds, see the article 1994 FIFA World Cup qualification.

A total of 40 CAF teams entered the competition. However, Burkina Faso, Malawi, São Tomé and Príncipe and Sierra Leone all withdrew before the draw was made. Later, Libya withdrew due to UN sanctions, and Liberia withdrew during qualification due to financial hardship during a civil war.

The African Zone was allocated three places (out of 24) in the final tournament, which went to Nigeria, Morocco, and Cameroon.

Format
There would be two rounds of play:
 * First Round: The 36 teams were divided into 9 groups of 4 teams each. The teams would play against each other on a home-and-away basis. The group winners would advance to the Second Round.
 * Second Round: The 9 teams were divided into 3 groups of 3 teams each. The teams would play against each other on a home-and-away basis. The group winners would qualify.

Group A
Algeria advanced to the Second Round.

Group B
Cameroon advanced to the Second Round. Liberia withdrew after playing one match, its result was annulled

Group C
Zimbabwe advanced to the Second Round.

Group D
Nigeria advanced to the Second Round.

Group E
Ivory Coast advanced to the Second Round.

Group F
Morocco advanced to the Second Round.

Group G
Senegal advanced to the Second Round.

Group H
Zambia advanced to the Second Round.

Group I
Guinea advanced to the Second Round.

Group A
Nigeria qualified for the World Cup.

Group B
Morocco qualified for the World Cup.

Group C
Cameroon qualified for the World Cup.

Qualified teams
The following three teams from CAF qualified for the final tournament.

 * 1 Bold indicates champions for that year. Italic indicates hosts for that year.

Goalscorers

 * 8 goals

 * 🇳🇬 Rashidi Yekini

 * 6 goals

 * Agent Sawu

 * 5 goals

 * Abdelhafid Tasfaout
 * 🇨🇮 Abdoulaye Traoré
 * 🇲🇦 Mohammed Chaouch

 * 4 goals

 * 🇨🇲 Alphonse Tchami
 * 🇪🇬 Hossam Hassan
 * 🇬🇦 Guy Roger Nzamba
 * 🇸🇳 Souleyman Sané
 * Kalusha Bwalya

 * 3 goals

 * 🇨🇮 Joël Tiéhi
 * Titi Camara
 * 🇲🇦 Abdelmajid Bouyboud
 * 🇲🇦 Youssef Fertout
 * 🇹🇳 Ayedi Hamrouni
 * Kelvin Mutale

 * 2 goals

 * Mourad Meziane
 * 🇨🇲 François Omam-Biyik
 * 🇨🇮 Omar Ben Salah
 * 🇪🇬 Ahmed El-Kass
 * Fodé Camara
 * Jean-Paul
 * Harry Elyse Randrianaivo
 * 🇲🇦 Rachid Daoudi
 * Moussa Yahaya
 * 🇳🇬 Daniel Amokachi
 * 🇳🇬 Finidi George
 * 🇸🇳 Moussa Badiane
 * 🇸🇳 Alagame Seck
 * 🇹🇳 Taoufik Herichi
 * 🇹🇳 Mohamed Ali Mahjoubi
 * 🇹🇳 Faouzi Rouissi
 * 🇹🇳 Lotfi Rouissi
 * Moses Chikwalakwala
 * Adam Ndlovu
 * Peter Ndlovu

 * 1 goal

 * Mohamed Brahimi
 * Antonio Neto
 * José Neves
 * Paulão
 * 🇧🇯 Youssouf Arouna
 * 🇧🇯 Euloge Sacramento
 * 🇧🇯 Comlan Lambert Sossa
 * Itumeleng Duiker
 * 🇧🇮 Amani Habimana
 * 🇧🇮 Albert Niyonkuru
 * 🇨🇲 Olivier Djappa
 * 🇨🇲 Ernest Ebongué
 * 🇨🇲 David Embé
 * 🇨🇲 Jacob Ewane
 * 🇨🇲 Jean-Pierre Fiala
 * 🇨🇲 Emmanuel Maboang
 * 🇨🇲 Joseph Mbarga
 * 🇨🇲 Emmanuel Tiki
 * 🇨🇮 Lucien Kassi-Kouadio
 * 🇨🇮 Ahmed Ouattara
 * 🇪🇬 Yasser Ezzat
 * 🇪🇬 Ayman Mansour
 * 🇪🇬 Hany Ramzy
 * 🇪🇹 Milyon Beguashaw
 * 🇪🇹 Mengitsu Hussein
 * 🇪🇹 Asnake Tenker
 * 🇬🇦 François Amégasse
 * 🇬🇦 Pierre Aubameyang
 * 🇬🇦 Valery Ondo
 * 🇬🇭 Charles Akonnor
 * 🇬🇭 Kwame Ayew
 * 🇬🇭 Abedi Pele
 * 🇬🇭 Tony Yeboah
 * Sékou Dramé
 * Souleymane Oularé
 * Mohamed Sylla
 * 🇰🇪 Henry Motego
 * 🇰🇪 Patrick Nachok
 * Etienne Rado Rasoanaivo
 * Fidy Rasoanaivo
 * Frederic Remi
 * 🇲🇦 Lahcen Abrami
 * 🇲🇦 Tahar El Khalej
 * 🇲🇦 Abdeslam Laghrissi
 * 🇲🇦 Mohammed Lashaf
 * 🇲🇦 Abdelkabir Mezziane
 * 🇲🇦 Mohamed Samadi
 * 🇲🇿 Arnaldo Owanga
 * 🇲🇿 Antonio Sardina
 * 🇲🇿 Henrique Tembe
 * Soumaila Yattaga
 * 🇳🇬 Edema Fuludu
 * 🇳🇬 Jay-Jay Okocha
 * 🇳🇬 Thomson Oliha
 * 🇳🇬 Richard Daddy Owubokiri
 * 🇳🇬 Samson Siasia
 * 🇸🇳 Mamadou Diarra
 * 🇸🇳 Mamadou Diallo
 * 🇸🇳 Papa Yakhya Lette
 * Harold Legodi
 * Phil Masinga
 * 🇸🇿 Turbie Terblanche
 * Salissou Ali
 * Tadjou Salou
 * 🇹🇳 Jameleddine Limam
 * 🇹🇳 Adel Sellimi
 * 🇹🇳 Ziad Tlemçani
 * Okita Katschi
 * Johnson Bwalya
 * Wisdom Mumba Chansa
 * Elijah Litana
 * Kenneth Malitoli
 * Gibby Mbasela
 * Charly Musonda
 * Timothy Mwitwa
 * Kenan Simambe
 * Henry McKop

title: 1994 FIFA World Cup qualification (CAF)


text:
File talk:Urbana illinois trash.jpg

From WP:IFD:

 * Image:Urbana_illinois_trash.jpg OR, UE; Image uploaded to needlessly vandalize the page Urbana, Illinois. Agriculture 16:01, 8 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Object. It's a free photo of trash.  Should be put on the Commons, in Commons:Category:Garbage.  dbenbenn | talk 15:30, 17 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong Delete, photo was used for vandalism, you want a photo of trash? I'll go take another one for you. Agriculture 17:05, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * If it's used for vandalism, we need to keep it to tell the vandals that they aren't stronger than Wikipedia. I agree with Dbenbenn. keep. --Berserk798 17:24, August 18, 2005 (UTC)

Not deleted. dbenbenn | talk 21:12, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

title: File talk:Urbana illinois trash.jpg


text:
Clara Dickson Hall

Clara Dickson Hall is a residence hall located on the North Campus of Cornell University. For many years it was the largest dormitory on North Campus, housing over 460 students, until construction of Ginsburg Hall (504 beds) and Ganędagǫ Hall (577 beds) in 2022. Clara Dickson is also home to the Multicultural Living Learning Unit, or "McLLU".

History
Clara Dickson Hall was constructed in 1946 in the Colonial style. The hall was named after Clara Dickson, the mother of Cornell's first president Andrew Dickson White. Dickson Hall was originally built as a women-only dorm, as were the other North Campus residences at the time.

Future Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg '54 lived in Dickson during her freshman year at Cornell.

Facilities
Dickson Hall has an idiosyncratic numbering system for rooms. Room numbers start with the floor the room is on, followed by a number indicating which side of the building they are on; rooms in the southwest are said to be on the "5" side and rooms in the northeast half are said to be on the "6" side. Furthermore, the basement (which is the building's ground floor at the back side due to its being on a hill) is labeled as the first floor. So, for example, a room on the first floor, on the far left side of the building (when looking at it from the front) would be said to be in "2-5". All room numbers are 4 digits, with the last two increasing as one moves toward the center of Dickson. For example, 2692 is the closest room to the middle on the 6 side. The far end of 2-6 has housed McLLU since 1999, and the last hall at the far end of 2-5 is commonly referred to as D-20 (though there is no real structural or administrative difference between it and the rest of the building).

The majority of rooms in Dickson Hall are singles. This is with the exception of the 32 odd corner rooms, which are triple; there are very few doubles. Each side of each floor has at least one large bathroom for each sex on each side of the building, which has several stalls and showers. Each floor also has its own lounge at the center of the floor, dividing the 5 and 6 sides. The exception to this is the 1st floor (floor 2), which has the building's main lobby at its center, and as such, has two lounges: one about halfway down the 5 side and one about halfway down the 6 side. All lounges have TVs without cable, and the quality, size, and reliability of the TVs varies greatly with floor. Dickson houses both freshmen and upperlevel students, and became a popular choice for rising sophomores in the 2024-25 academic year who had later timeslots, but still wanted a single.

title: Clara Dickson Hall


text:
Template talk:Currentdate

System Templates
I have questions: Is there a list of System Templates, such as the one that makes up this template? Is there a Staticdate, such as the one used in the default signature?

An example of what I mean by "System Templates" is the title of an article, in this case "Currentdate" something like

— < T A L K JNDRLINE T A L K >

 * Figured it out two days later. Wikimedia Meta Help Magic Words in case anyone else has the same problem.

 * Thinking about creating a Category.

— < T A L K JNDRLINE T A L K >

Avoiding redirect
Change UTC to UTC -- HamedogTalk|@ 14:30, 18 October 2006 (UTC)

Declined, please see WP:DON"TFIXREDIRECTSTHATAREN"TBROKEN. — freak([ talk]) 00:37, Oct. 19, 2006 (UTC)

Category rename
Could the category Category:Date computing template based on current time be changed to Category:Date-computing templates based on current time as part of a speedy category rename (see here). Thanks.--Rudjek 19:00, 27 January 2007 (UTC)
 * ✅ Cbrown1023 14:34, 28 January 2007 (UTC)

Sort key
Please change the sort key to  or add. Mike Dillon 01:30, 27 March 2007 (UTC)
 * ✅ Done - Harryboyles 04:12, 27 March 2007 (UTC)

Hi
Can someone de-link the dates in this template per WP:MOSNUM? Thanks and cheers,  -talk- the_ed1  7  -contribs-  18:27, 22 September 2008 (UTC)
 * Done - Trevor MacInnis (Contribs) 21:55, 22 September 2008 (UTC)

Bad format
Why is there no comma between the day-of-month and the year? --Gerry Ashton (talk) 17:06, 6 December 2008 (UTC)
 * Please add a comma between  and  .  Math  Cool  10  Sign here! 20:26, 2 January 2009 (UTC)
 * ✅ Ruslik (talk) 16:01, 3 January 2009 (UTC)

Please add a comma between  and.  Math Cool  10  Sign here! 18:20, 12 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done for now:. I'm not convinced a comma is necessary or correct where you are proposing it. What do other people think? — Martin (MSGJ · talk) 23:09, 12 April 2009 (UTC)

name reads 'DATE' but template dispays time as well
Is it normal for a template named "currentDATE" to display current TIME as well? I expect it to display just date, as the name states. If i wished to display both date and time, i would consider typing something like CURRENTDATETIME or NOW. — Vano 19:49, 2 October 2009 (UTC)

 * I agree with Vano. As a temporary workaround, I suggest 29 July 2024 to produce the current date in American English (29 July 2024), or July 29, 2024 to produce the current date in British English (July 29, 2024). Adrian J. Hunter(talk•contribs) 09:08, 6 January 2010 (UTC)

Nomination for merging of Template:TIMESTAMP
Template:TIMESTAMP has been nominated for merging with Template:Currentdate. You are invited to comment on the discussion at the template's entry on the Templates for discussion page. Thank you.  Set Sail For The Seven Seas   267° 56' 45" NET   17:51, 3 August 2010 (UTC)

 * Merged. Hyacinth (talk) 21:49, 1 November 2012 (UTC)

Is there any way to get this template to use DMY dates?
Most of the world's population uses DMY dates, not MDY dates, so is there any way of getting this template to take this into account?

 * I fully agree. A yes option would be useful.  Best wishes.  RobbieIanMorrison (talk) 09:01, 30 September 2016 (UTC)

Is there no short-format YYYY-MM-DD template?
The MediaWiki version of this,, returns the current date in YYYY-MM-DD format, making it extremely useful for passing into anything that expects unambiguous dates. But not only does this template not do that, here, I can't seem to find any template that does it.

(Yes, obviously I can just use   instead, and in fact that's the entire source of . But half the point of templates  is convenient reuse. ...The other half is customizability.)

I can create a new template, but first I wanted to check: Am I missing something? FeRDNYC (talk) 08:46, 13 November 2022 (UTC)

title: Template talk:Currentdate


text:
Talk:HMS E15

My Grandfather William Thomas George WILLIAMS Stoker P/233214 was a crew member on E15, he was taken prisoner and died in captivity 4th. February 1917. My name is Derek WILLIAMS (E-Mail) derek.williams36@btinternet.com

My grandfather William Alfred Drake served as stoker aboard the picket boat from HMS Triumph that was despatched to destroy E15. Awarded the DSM, he joined the submarine service after HMS Triumph was sunk, and was sole survivor of G9, sunk in error by HMS Pasley on 16th September 1917. andrew.brookes@port.ac.uk

title: Talk:HMS E15


text: User talk:71.102.166.14

title: User talk:71.102.166.14


text: Category:Wham! albums

title: Category:Wham! albums


text: User talk:82.39.36.179

title: User talk:82.39.36.179


text:
File:FibonacciTiling.gif

Construction of (1,1) Sturmian tiling S(W) where W is a line with slope the reciprocal of the golden ratio by the oblique tiling method. Aka Fibonacci tiling or one-dimensional Penrose tiling.

title: File:FibonacciTiling.gif


text:
1994 FIFA World Cup qualification (UEFA)

A total of 39 UEFA teams entered qualification for the 1994 FIFA World Cup. However, Liechtenstein withdrew before the draw was made. The CIS, then Russia took the Soviet Union's spot after the Soviet Union dissolved while FIFA suspended Yugoslavia due to United Nations sanctions stemming from the Yugoslav wars. The European zone was allocated 13 from 24 places in the final tournament. Germany, the defending champions, qualified automatically, leaving 12 spots open for competition between 37 teams.

The 37 teams were divided into six groups, five of six teams each and one of seven teams (though Group 5 ended up with just five teams following Yugoslavia's suspension). The teams would play against each other on a home-and-away basis with the group winners and runners-up qualifying for the final tournament.

San Marino and Faroe Islands competed in World Cup qualifiers for the first time, and Israel moved to UEFA after competing in Oceanian zone for 1986 and 1990 qualification, while Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia competed separately after playing as a part of the Soviet Union from 1958 to 1990.

Seedings
The draw was made on 8 December 1991.

Summary
{{legend|#ccffcc|Winner and runner-up of each group qualified directly for the 1994 FIFA World Cup}} {{legend|#ffcccc|Other teams were eliminated}} {{legend|#bbbbbb|Suspended due to UN Sanctions}}

Qualified teams
The following 13 teams from UEFA qualified for the final tournament.

 * 1 Bold indicates champions for that year. Italic indicates hosts for that year.
 * 2 Competed as West Germany. A separate team for East Germany also participated in qualifications during this time, having only competed in 1974.
 * 3 Competed as Soviet Union.

Goalscorers

 * 9 goals

 * 🇷🇴 Florin Răducioiu

 * 8 goals

 * 🏴 Ian Rush

 * 7 goals

 * 🏴 David Platt
 * 🇪🇸 Julio Salinas
 * 🇸🇪 Martin Dahlin

 * 6 goals

 * Peter Dubovský
 * 🇫🇷 Eric Cantona
 * 🇮🇪 John Aldridge
 * Peter van Vossen
 * Stéphane Chapuisat

 * 5 goals

 * 🇦🇹 Andreas Herzog
 * 🇧🇪 Marc Wilmots
 * 🇧🇬 Hristo Stoichkov
 * 🏴 Ian Wright
 * 🇮🇹 Roberto Baggio
 * Dennis Bergkamp
 * 🇳🇴 Kjetil Rekdal
 * 🇷🇴 Gheorghe Hagi
 * Adrian Knup

 * 4 goals

 * 🇧🇪 Enzo Scifo
 * 🇧🇬 Emil Kostadinov
 * 🇨🇾 Andreas Sotiriou
 * Frank Pingel
 * 🏴 Paul Gascoigne
 * 🇫🇷 Jean-Pierre Papin
 * 🇷🇴 Ilie Dumitrescu
 * 🇷🇴 Gavril Balint
 * 🇷🇺 Sergei Kiriakov
 * Georges Bregy
 * 🏴 Dean Saunders

 * 3 goals

 * 🇧🇬 Lyuboslav Penev
 * Pavel Kuka
 * Kim Vilfort
 * 🏴 Les Ferdinand
 * 🇫🇷 Laurent Blanc
 * 🇭🇺 Kálmán Kovács
 * 🇮🇪 Steve Staunton
 * 🇮🇱 Ronen Harazi
 * 🇮🇹 Dino Baggio
 * 🇮🇹 Roberto Mancini
 * 🇮🇹 Giuseppe Signori
 * 🇱🇻 Ainārs Linards
 * John Bosman
 * Ronald de Boer
 * Kevin Wilson
 * 🇳🇴 Jostein Flo
 * 🇳🇴 Gunnar Halle
 * 🇳🇴 Gøran Sørloth
 * 🇵🇱 Marek Leśniak
 * Jorge Cadete
 * 🇷🇴 Ioan Lupescu
 * 🇷🇺 Sergei Yuran
 * Ally McCoist
 * Pat Nevin
 * 🇪🇸 Txiki Begiristain
 * 🇪🇸 Fernando Hierro
 * 🇸🇪 Tomas Brolin
 * Christophe Ohrel
 * 🇹🇷 Feyyaz Uçar
 * 🇹🇷 Hakan Şükür

 * 2 goals

 * 🇦🇱 Sokol Kushta
 * 🇦🇹 Dietmar Kühbauer
 * 🇦🇹 Heimo Pfeifenberger
 * 🇦🇹 Anton Polster
 * 🇧🇪 Philippe Albert
 * 🇧🇬 Krasimir Balakov
 * 🇧🇬 Nasko Sirakov
 * Radoslav Látal
 * Václav Němeček
 * Marek Poštulka
 * Brian Laudrup
 * 🏴 Paul Ince
 * 🏴 Stuart Pearce
 * 🇫🇮 Ari Hjelm
 * 🇫🇮 Aki Hyryläinen
 * 🇫🇷 Franck Sauzée
 * Stratos Apostolakis
 * Nikos Machlas
 * Tasos Mitropoulos
 * 🇭🇺 Lajos Détári
 * 🇮🇸 Arnór Guðjohnsen
 * 🇮🇸 Eyjólfur Sverrisson
 * 🇮🇪 Paul McGrath
 * 🇮🇪 Niall Quinn
 * 🇮🇱 Ronny Rosenthal
 * 🇮🇱 Itzik Zohar
 * 🇮🇹 Pierluigi Casiraghi
 * 🇮🇹 Stefano Eranio
 * 🇱🇹 Robertas Fridrikas
 * John de Wolf
 * Wim Jonk
 * Ronald Koeman
 * Rob Witschge
 * Jim Magilton
 * Jimmy Quinn
 * Gerry Taggart
 * 🇳🇴 Lars Bohinen
 * 🇳🇴 Jan Åge Fjørtoft
 * 🇳🇴 Mini Jakobsen
 * 🇳🇴 Roger Nilsen
 * 🇵🇱 Wojciech Kowalczyk
 * Rui Águas
 * Rui Barros
 * Rui Costa
 * Paulo Futre
 * João Domingos Pinto
 * John Collins
 * Kevin Gallacher
 * 🇪🇸 José Mari Bakero
 * 🇪🇸 José Luis Caminero
 * 🇪🇸 Julen Guerrero
 * 🇪🇸 Míchel
 * 🇸🇪 Klas Ingesson
 * Ciriaco Sforza
 * 🇹🇷 Ertuğrul Sağlam
 * 🏴 Ryan Giggs
 * 🏴 Mark Hughes

 * 1 goal

 * 🇦🇱 Edmond Abazi
 * 🇦🇱 Sulejman Demollari
 * 🇦🇱 Ilir Kepa
 * 🇦🇱 Altin Rraklli
 * 🇦🇹 Andreas Ogris
 * 🇦🇹 Hannes Reinmayr
 * 🇦🇹 Peter Stöger
 * 🇦🇹 Michael Zisser
 * 🇧🇪 Alexandre Czerniatynski
 * 🇧🇪 Marc Degryse
 * 🇧🇪 Rudi Smidts
 * 🇧🇪 Lorenzo Staelens
 * 🇧🇬 Trifon Ivanov
 * 🇧🇬 Yordan Letchkov
 * 🇧🇬 Zlatko Yankov
 * 🇨🇾 Yiannos Ioannou
 * 🇨🇾 Nikos Papavasiliou
 * 🇨🇾 Pambos Pittas
 * 🇨🇾 Panayiotis Xiourouppas
 * Pavel Hapal
 * Ivan Hašek
 * Miroslav Kadlec
 * Ľubomír Moravčík
 * Tomáš Skuhravý
 * Petr Vrabec
 * John Jensen
 * Henrik Larsen
 * Peter Møller
 * Lars Olsen
 * Flemming Povlsen
 * Mark Strudal
 * 🏴 John Barnes
 * 🏴 Carlton Palmer
 * 🏴 Alan Shearer
 * 🇪🇪 Sergei Bragin
 * 🇫🇴 Uni Arge
 * 🇫🇮 Petri Järvinen
 * 🇫🇮 Jari Litmanen
 * 🇫🇮 Mika-Matti Paatelainen
 * 🇫🇮 Marko Rajamäki
 * 🇫🇮 Kim Suominen
 * 🇫🇷 David Ginola
 * 🇫🇷 Alain Roche
 * Vasilis Dimitriadis
 * Dimitris Saravakos
 * Panagiotis Sofianopoulos
 * Panagiotis Tsalouchidis
 * 🇭🇺 László Klausz
 * 🇮🇸 Haraldur Ingólfsson
 * 🇮🇸 Hörður Magnússon
 * 🇮🇸 Þorvaldur Örlygsson
 * 🇮🇪 Tony Cascarino
 * 🇮🇪 Alan Kernaghan
 * 🇮🇪 Alan McLoughlin
 * 🇮🇪 Kevin Sheedy
 * 🇮🇪 John Sheridan
 * 🇮🇪 Andy Townsend
 * 🇮🇱 Reuven Atar
 * 🇮🇱 Tal Banin
 * 🇮🇱 Eyal Berkovic
 * 🇮🇹 Roberto Donadoni
 * 🇮🇹 Paolo Maldini
 * 🇮🇹 Gianluca Vialli
 * 🇮🇹 Pietro Vierchowod
 * 🇱🇻 Oļegs Aleksejenko
 * 🇱🇹 Virginijus Baltušnikas
 * 🇱🇹 Stasys Baranauskas
 * 🇱🇹 Arminas Narbekovas
 * 🇱🇹 Eimantas Poderis
 * 🇱🇹 Viačeslavas Sukristovas
 * 🇱🇹 Andrėjus Tereškinas
 * 🇱🇺 Stefano Fanelli
 * 🇲🇹 Carmel Busuttil
 * 🇲🇹 Martin Gregory
 * 🇲🇹 Kristian Laferla
 * Ruud Gullit
 * Marc Overmars
 * John van den Brom
 * Colin Clarke
 * Mal Donaghy
 * Iain Dowie
 * Phil Gray
 * Alan McDonald
 * 🇳🇴 Ronny Johnsen
 * 🇳🇴 Oyvind Leonhardsen
 * 🇳🇴 Erik Mykland
 * 🇵🇱 Dariusz Adamczuk
 * 🇵🇱 Marek Koźmiński
 * 🇵🇱 Jan Furtok
 * 🇵🇱 Tomasz Wałdoch
 * 🇵🇱 Krzysztof Warzycha
 * Fernando Couto
 * Oceano da Cruz
 * António Folha
 * António Nogueira
 * José Orlando Semedo
 * 🇷🇴 Ovidiu Hanganu
 * 🇷🇴 Marius Lăcătuș
 * 🇷🇴 Constantin Pană
 * 🇷🇴 Gheorghe Popescu
 * 🇷🇺 Aleksandr Borodiuk
 * 🇷🇺 Igor Dobrovolski
 * 🇷🇺 Andrei Kanchelskis
 * 🇷🇺 Igor Kolyvanov
 * 🇷🇺 Vasili Kulkov
 * 🇷🇺 Andrei Piatnitski
 * 🇷🇺 Dmitri Radchenko
 * 🇷🇺 Igor Shalimov
 * 🇸🇲 Davide Gualtieri
 * 🇸🇲 Nicola Bacciocchi
 * Scott Booth
 * Colin Hendry
 * Brian McClair
 * Billy McKinlay
 * 🇪🇸 Adolfo Aldana
 * 🇪🇸 Thomas Christiansen
 * 🇪🇸 Pep Guardiola
 * 🇪🇸 Cristóbal Parralo
 * 🇪🇸 Alfonso Pérez
 * 🇪🇸 Toni
 * 🇸🇪 Jan Eriksson
 * 🇸🇪 Stefan Landberg
 * 🇸🇪 Henrik Larsson
 * 🇸🇪 Anders Limpar
 * 🇸🇪 Håkan Mild
 * 🇸🇪 Stefan Pettersson
 * 🇸🇪 Pär Zetterberg
 * Thomas Bickel
 * Marc Hottiger
 * Kubilay Türkyilmaz
 * 🇹🇷 Bülent Korkmaz
 * 🇹🇷 Hami Mandıralı
 * 🇹🇷 Orhan Çıkırıkçı
 * 🏴 Clayton Blackmore
 * 🏴 Mark Bowen
 * 🏴 Eric Young

 * 1 own goal

 * Jozef Chovanec (playing against Belgium)
 * 🇮🇸 Hlynur Birgisson (playing against Luxembourg)
 * 🇸🇲 Nicola Bacciocchi (playing against the Netherlands)


text:
Forest Park (Queens)

Forest Park is a park in the New York City borough of Queens, spanning 538 acre. It is the tenth-largest park in New York City and the third-largest in Queens. Created on August 9, 1895, it was originally referred to as Brooklyn Forest Park, as the area was part of Brooklyn at the time.

The park contains 165 acre of trees, including the largest continuous oak forest in Queens. Some trees are more than a century and a half old. The park sits on hills left behind by the Wisconsin glacier and is a haven for native plants and wildlife in the midst of the city's sprawl. In addition to the park's large full-time bird population, migratory birds pass through in the spring and fall.

Several trails are available for area residents and urban day hikers. Other facilities include playgrounds, a carousel, a running track, two dog runs, a pond, tennis courts, basketball courts, baseball fields, a skate park, and a golf course. The park is operated and maintained by the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation.

Early development
The Wisconsinian glaciation molded this land between 20,000 and 10,000 years ago and left the Harbor Hill Moraine, a series of small hills known as “knob and kettle” terrain, including Forest Park. The land was inhabited by the Rockaway, Lenape, and Delaware Native Americans when the Dutch West India Company settled the area in 1635.

The site of Forest Park was occupied by various landowners until the late 19th century, when City of Brooklyn officials looked for land for a large public park. In 1892, the New York State Legislature authorized the park search, and the Brooklyn Parks Department purchased the first parcel of this space on August 9, 1895, whereupon the name Brooklyn Forest Park was first used. Because of the numerous private landowners involved, the park had to be assembled in 124 parcels, finishing in 1898. James S. T. Stranahan, the onetime president of the Brooklyn Board of Park Commissioners, originally envisioned one large park extending eastward to Jamaica, Queens and westward to Park Slope, Brooklyn. However, the city's rapid development made this impossible, and today, the largest remnants of this proposed landscape are Forest Park and the 526 acre Prospect Park in Brooklyn.

In 1896, the landscaping firm of Olmsted, Olmsted & Eliot was contracted to provide a plan for the park. Frederick Law Olmsted surveyed the park and designed Forest Park Drive. Existing residential buildings were auctioned and disassembled and removed. A nine-hole golf course opened in 1901. Its club house, which was designed in the Dutch Colonial Revival style by the firm of Helmle, Huberty & Hudswell (who also designed the Williamsburgh Savings Bank Tower), and which now houses the park's Administration Office, first opened in 1905.

Carousels designed by Daniel Muller were added in 1918; one of them was destroyed by fire in 1966, and the other in 1972. Jackson Pond was used for fishing and ice skating, but was filled in for redevelopment.

Recent development
During the park's centennial celebration in 1995, 100 trees were planted as a part of Operation Pine Grove, funded by American Forests and the Texaco Global Re-leaf Program. Parks uses the greenhouse, built in 1910, to grow trees and plants for many other city parks. In addition, the kettle ponds in the forest provide a haven for bird watching. Forest Park Drive between the Bandshell and the entrance to the Jackie Robinson Parkway rides along the top of the glacial moraine. In the winter, when the trees are bare, people who walk or drive along the route can see a panoramic view of Southeast and Southwest Queens, JFK Airport, Southeast Brooklyn, and all the way to Rockaway Beach nearly 10 mi away.

A number of the parks' trees were destroyed in Hurricane Sandy and one fallen tree damaged the structure housing the Forest Park Carousel, but the damage was repaired and the carousel reopened in March 2013. The Forest Park Carousel was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.

Recreation and events
Within Forest Park is "The Overlook", the administration building for Queens Parks, and "Oak Ridge", the former golf-course clubhouse and current administration building for Forest Park. Forest Park also offers a wide array of recreational facilities, the Carousel, playgrounds, a pond, a barbecue area, the George Seuffert Sr. Bandshell, a nature center, and two dog runs. Dogs can run off leash here, and there is a separate area for small dogs. Therapeutic horseback riding for people with special needs is also available in the park.

Annual events such as the Halloween Walk, the Victorian Christmas, Nature Trails Day, orienteering and battle re-enactments draw the participation of the surrounding neighborhoods of Kew Gardens, Woodhaven, Richmond Hill, Forest Hills, and Glendale.

Landscape features
Strack Pond is a glacial kettle pond located inside the park near Woodhaven Boulevard and Forest Park Drive. The pond, named after a local resident killed in the Vietnam War, was buried in 1966 and restored four decades later.

Wildlife and vegetation
Birds common to Forest Park include red-tailed hawks, a variety of woodpeckers, great blue herons, mallards, northern orioles, American kestrels, ruby throated hummingbirds, ring-necked pheasants, northern flickers, eastern wood pewees, tufted titmice, white-breasted nuthatches, wood thrushes, red-eyed vireos, red-winged blackbirds, scarlet tanagers, and several species of sparrow including rufous-sided towhees. A great variety of warblers often pass through in the spring. According to the New York City Parks Department, more than 100 species of migratory birds visit the park each year.

Chipmunks become visibly active in spring, along with the squirrels, raccoons, and skunks that are more often seen year-round. Turtles sun themselves in Strack Pond on warm days. On summer nights, cicada song fills the area and surrounding neighborhoods. Toads also can be heard croaking in the evenings. In mid-summer, hatching butterflies begin to gravitate to the Joe Pye Weed, dogbane, milkweed, thistle, and other native plants. Fall brings spectacular color, as many varieties of trees prepare to drop their leaves. Several species of hawks pass through. Winter is quiet, featuring the occasional tracks of small mammals in snow.

Forest Park's trees include the Northern red oak (Quercus rubra), Scarlet oak (Quercus coccinea), Tulip tree (Liriodendron tulipifera), Shagbark hickory (Carya ovata), White oak (Quercus alba), American beech (Fagus grandifolia), American sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua), and Black cherry (Prunus serotina). Several trees in the park are more than 150 years old, and create a canopy with an under-layer of Dogwood (Cornus), Virginia creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia), Sassafras (Sassafras albidum), and Corktree (Genus Phellodendron). Wildflowers such as white wood aster cover the forest floor in spring, as the azaleas, dogwoods, forsythia, and other flowering plants begin to bloom.

The park was ravaged in 1912 by the chestnut blight, and for a time was used for lumbering; about the same time, greenhouses were set up to grow plants for parks throughout the city. These have since been moved to the Brooklyn Botanic Garden and Bronx Park.

Public transport
Forest Park is accessible by the IND Queens Boulevard Line of the New York City Subway at Kew Gardens–Union Turnpike. The southern part of the park is accessible via the BMT Jamaica Line at 75th Street–Elderts Lane, 85th Street–Forest Parkway, and Woodhaven Boulevard.

The Q56 bus runs just south of the park along Jamaica Avenue and the Q11, Q21, Q52 SBS, and Q53 SBS routes run along Woodhaven Boulevard. The Q37 runs along Park Lane South in Kew Gardens and Richmond Hill, while the Q55 bus is straddled by the park along Myrtle Avenue.

Other
In 1895, Olmsted observed that two lines of the Long Island Rail Road—the Montauk Branch and the Rockaway Beach Branch—had run through the land before Forest Park was acquired. Of these, only the Montauk Branch still sees any train service. Forest Park is also divided by Woodhaven Boulevard and the Jackie Robinson Parkway (formerly Interboro Parkway), which was completed in 1935. Despite these thoroughfares, Forest Park is the third-largest park in Queens, and contains the largest continuous oak forest in Queens and a 110 acre golf course. Forest Park is bounded by Myrtle Avenue, Union Turnpike, Park Lane, Park Lane South and Cypress Hills Cemetery.

The Brooklyn-Queens Greenway bike path also runs through Forest Park, connecting westward to Ridgewood Reservoir and eastward to Kew Gardens.

title: Forest Park (Queens)


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List of places in New York (state)

The following is a series of lists sorted alphabetically of current cities, towns, unincorporated communities, counties, and other recognized places in the U.S. state of New York. They also include information on the number and names of counties in which the places lie and their lower and upper ZIP code bounds, if applicable. Click a letter to find places in New York starting with that letter. For the links to individual pages of places (counties, towns, cities, villages, and census-designated places), please see the Administrative divisions of New York at the bottom.

title: List of places in New York (state)


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