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Alexander Gogel

Isaac Jan Alexander Gogel (10 December 1765 – 13 June 1821) was a Dutch politician, who was the first minister of finance of the Batavian Republic and the Kingdom of Holland. He married Catharina van Hasselt in 1800, and had three children.

Career
Gogel was born in Vught, the son of Johan Martin Gogel, a German officer in the service of the army of the Dutch Republic, and of Alexandrina Crul. He had only a limited formal education and went to Amsterdam to apprentice for a career as a merchant at age 16, at the merchant house of Godart Kappel en Zoon. He started his own firm (Gogel, Pluvinot en Gildemeester) in 1791.

Gogel was a typical "self-made man", a product of the petty-broking and merchandising world of Amsterdam. Though later one of the most prominent pioneering Dutch economists, he did not receive a formal education in this field. As a typical self-taught man he tended to borrow his ideas from all the great texts from the day, from Adam Smith to the Physiocrats. He became an adherent of the Patriot party in these years, because of the corruption he saw in the government of Stadtholder William V, and the steep decline of the country, especially in economic terms, that he held that government responsible for. This caused a lifelong enmity toward the rivals of the Patriot party, the Orangists.

Even before the Batavian revolution of 1795 and the proclamation of the Batavian Republic he became involved in revolutionary politics, on a local and later national, level. After the January 22, 1798, coup d'état by general Herman Willem Daendels, he was appointed agent for finance and foreign affairs (pro tem) under the new Uitvoerend Bewind. However, the contraventions of the new, democratic, constitution of 1798 by the Vreede regime disaffected him, and he conspired with the other agents and again general Daendels to overthrow that regime in June, 1798. He then became a member of the Uitvoerend Bewind himself for a short while, till elections had been held for a new Representative Assembly.

He was again appointed Agent, this time for Finance, by the new Uitvoerend Bewind. He now started on the reform of the Dutch system of public finance that was long overdue. He attempted to reorganize the tax system, but because this entailed abolition of the old, federal arrangements, he met strong resistance. He tried to attain three main objectives with his imposing General Tax Plan: construction of a system of regularly levied taxes, instead of the hodge-podge of ad hoc taxes and forced loans that the Republic had to rely on to make ends meet; a shift away from regressive, indirect taxes toward direct income taxes; and an equalization of the tax burden between different parts of the country. Besides, he proposed to form a new, national organisation to collect the taxes. His General-Taxation-Plan legislation was first proposed in 1799, but only enacted on March 25, 1801.

Nationale Konst-Gallery
Gogel was working on adopting many parts of the new revolutionary infrastructure that had recently been put into place in Paris, and one of these was the Louvre. Modelled on that concept, he envisioned a National art gallery for art-lovers and artists alike, that would promote the country's art heritage. His motivation was partially developed out of the worries shared by many art lovers in the Netherlands at that time that the French saviors of freedom would take more than just one collection with them to Paris, as in 1795 the entire contents of Willem V's gallery had been installed in the Louvre. He decided on a place and two major types of art, and these were the Huis ten Bosch location with its magnificent Oranjezaal and the concepts "historieele" and "moderne" art. Oddly the Rijksmuseum which was later founded with this collection at its core, still contains a split between "historical" and "modern" art. In fact most Catholic or Orangist art galleries had either hidden their collections or taken them away, such as the art collection of Villa Welgelegen in Haarlem. Gogel saw that under the new government, he was able to appropriate pieces from distributed Royal collections (such as the Oranjezaal itself) and felt that if he did this in a systematic way with the intention to found a national collection, he would thus "save" the art from the French "saviors". For his national inventory in 1799 he appointed an inspector for this job: Cornelis Sebille Roos. As a patriot, Gogel was mostly interested in what he saw as "patriotic" art that promoted the country and taught a moral lesson, which indicates that probably it was Roos who put the moralistic text on The Threatened Swan" in order to sell the painting to Gogel. Gogel was a member of the Hollandsche Maatschappij der Wetenschappen in Haarlem, which was closely allied with the Teylers Museum, a similar museum initiative. The museum was a bit far from the center of town however, and though it received enough visitors that Roos had to hire the assistant Jan Gerard Waldorp, the museum was moved in 1808 when Lodewijk Napoleon opened the Koninklijk Museum in the former city hall of Amsterdam.

New Regime
By 1805 the political winds had changed again. The unitarian Constitution of 1798, on whose tenets the plan was based, was being undermined by the Uitvoerend Bewind itself. The new Constitution of 1801, that came into force after another coup in the Fall of that year, entailed a re-federalization of the state. Gogel courageously fulminated against the financial chapters of that Constitution before the referendum that was set up to approve it. Soon afterward he lost his job, because the central Agencies were abolished, together with the Uitvoerend Bewind. In May, 1802, another of his reform plans, the founding of a National Bank, was discarded by the new regime (to be revived only in 1814).

Gogel now became a private citizen again, forming a new commercial firm Gogel en d'Arripe. During his years in the wilderness he remained in touch with politics, however. In the Spring of 1804 he approached the then commander-in-chief of the French army of occupation Marmont, a confidant of Napoleon's, with information critical of the Staatsbewind of the Batavian Republic, and a project for a new constitution. At the same time, Marmont happened to be fishing around for information of other discontented Dutch politicians, on the orders of Napoleon. Soon a coalition was formed around the Batavian envoy to Paris, Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck that openly worked to drive out the Staatsbewind-regime. Gogel played an important role in this coalition, even though he (as a convinced unitarist) and Schimmelpenninck (as the leader of the federalists) did not see eye to eye on many things. However, Napoleon made clear that he preferred the unitarist vision of Gogel, and his opinion of course prevailed, when the Staatsbewind was replaced by the regime of Grand Pensionary Schimmelpenninck in May, 1805.

Gogel now was appointed Secretary of State for Finance. Now he was able to push through his old General Taxation Plan, in slightly modified form. This was made easier by the fact that under the new constitution of 1805 the often-obstructionist Wetgevend Lichaam (Legislative Corps) had been made toothless. Though Gogel was a lifelong democrat, never making concessions on his belief that the franchise should be universal (unlike other Patriot politicians, who in the course of events changed their views in a more authoritarian direction), as a technocrat he saw the advantage of being able to make his views prevail. His tax reforms were enacted in June, 1805, and put into operation on January 11, 1802.

However, the final days of the Batavian Republic were passing rapidly. Gogel was a member of the Groot Besogne (Grand Commission) that helped to negotiate the transition to the Kingdom of Holland under king Louis Napoleon, however reluctantly. In 1806 this title was changed to Minister under the new kingdom. As such he had to deal with attempts of the old elites to water down his new system of taxation that had been implemented only a few months before over much opposition. However, at first he gained the support of the new king, who had been impressed by his warnings about the dire state of the Dutch economy at the time. Revenues under the new system were falling short of expectations, and the kingdom therefore had to rely even more than before on deficit financing. The credit of the Dutch state had now suffered so much, that it was no longer possible to float bond loans without the assistance of the Amsterdam merchant bankers that had previously only served foreign governments, like that of the United States, as intermediaries. Fortunately, the Dutch system for financing sovereign debt, foreign or domestic, was still unparalleled at the time. A few years later, however, the first benefits of the new system (enhanced revenues, reduced administrative costs, formation of a national fiscal bureaucracy) had finally been realized.

Some of those reforms were of lasting importance. As the verponding (land tax) was an important new element of the system a kadaster had to be implemented. This had important beneficial effects in the sphere of Dutch civil law, also. Other persisting reforms: in 1807 he was able to enact a law to reform the Dutch coinage. He also was instrumental in the abolition of the guilds and other economic reforms, like the abolition of internal tariffs and other obstructions to trade. He was the first director of the predecessor of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences under the Kingdom of Holland.

Like king Louis, Gogel had a difficult character. This led increasingly to personal conflicts. He resigned in 1809 because of a conflict with the king over a commission for further tax reform.

After the annexation of the Netherlands in 1810, Gogel took up the duties of finance minister again, but now as intendant des finances in the part of the imperial government that was devoted to the Dutch departments of the French Empire. He did this in the illusion that he might be able to shield his compatriots from the worst excesses of the imperial administration. Legion were his attempts to persuade the government in Paris that certain allowances had to be made for special Dutch circumstances. But, these proved mostly in vain. When the French lost their grip on the Netherlands in 1813, after the accession of William I of the Netherlands, Gogel fled to France.

He was allowed to return to the Kingdom of the Netherlands in 1814, but he refused to take office under the new regime, which he viewed as a restoration of the pre-1795 Orangist clique that he despised (though he relented shortly before his death to become a member of the new Raad van State). He returned to private life, and started a small factory. He died soon after in 1821 in Overveen.

Political functions

 * April 7 – October 2, 1798: Agent for Foreign Affairs, pro tem
 * June 12 – August 14, 1798: Member Uitvoerend Bewind, pro tem
 * January 22, 1798 – October 2, 1801: Agent for Finance
 * June 19 – July 4, 1801: Agent for the Interior, pro tem
 * May 1, 1805 – June 5, 1806: Secretary of State for Finance;
 * June 5, 1806 – May 27, 1809: Minister of Finance
 * July 22 – October 29, 1810: Member, Council for Dutch Affairs in Paris
 * October 30, 1810 – November 16, 1813: Intendant des Finances et du Trésor Public (administration des Finances des départements des Pays-Bas)

Titles and decorations

 * Grootkruis Orde van de Unie, Februari 17, 1807
 * Grootkruis Orde van de Reünie, Februari 22, 1812
 * Commandeur in de Orde van de Nederlandse Leeuw
 * Commandeur de la Légion d'honneur, June 30, 1811
 * Chévalier de l'Empire, 1811

Publications

 * "Over de nadeelen der buitenlandsche geldlichtingen", in: De Democraten, Aug. 17, 1796.
 * "Memoriën en correspondentiën betrekkelijk den staat van 's rijk's geldmiddelen in den jaren 1820" (posthumously; edited by his son, J.M. Gogel, 1844)

title: Alexander Gogel


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Antidesmateae

Antidesmateae is a tribe of the plant family Phyllanthaceae. It comprises 5 subtribes and 9 genera.

Subtribes and genera
, the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) accepted the following subtribes and genera:
 * Subtribe Antidesmatinae
 * Antidesma
 * Thecacoris

 * Subtribe Hieronyminae:
 * Hieronyma

 * Subtribe Hymenocardiinae:
 * Didymocistus
 * Hymenocardia

 * Subtribe Leptonematinae:
 * Leptonema

 * Subtribe Martretiinae:
 * Apodiscus
 * Martretia

 * Unplaced:
 * Chonocentrum

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Antidesmateae


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Melverley

Melverley is a village in Shropshire, England, situated on the River Severn and the River Vyrnwy, near the Powys hills and the border with Wales. The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 156. The village, and the large rural area that surrounds it, was years ago famous for flooding from the nearby rivers but since the extensive defences being installed in Shrewsbury and improvements to the flood defences in and around the Melverley area flooding causes no problems for the majority of residents. It is a controlled flood area, meaning that water is allowed to flow across the open fields and held for a few hours until the river levels fall. Melverley Green is a small village to the north of Melverley.

St Peter's Church
The notable building in Melverley is the black and white timber-framed St Peter's Church which stands on the banks of the River Vyrnwy; it is one of only three such churches to be found in Shropshire and one of 27 in England and the oldest of its kind. The church was rebuilt in 1406 after Owain Glyndŵr burnt it to the ground. The church has a Jacobean pulpit and a chained bible (also known as a "Great Bible"). The stained glass in the chancel window, installed 1925–28, is all by the C & Kempe workshops. One of its lights is a memorial to parish men who died in World War I. It is thought that the design of St Peter's may have inspired the architecture of St Andrew's Episcopalian church in Newcastle, Maine.

Melverley and the "Potts Line"
Melverley was situated on the Potts Railway Line designed to link Shrewsbury with the small village of Llanymynech, near Oswestry. Unlike many stops on the line, the station at Melverley had a brick shed for waiting passengers (many stations had wooden facilities and timber platforms). A viaduct was built at Melverley in order for the line to cross the Severn but this crashed into the river in 1902. The viaduct was rebuilt to enable the re-opening of the line on April 13, 1911. It was subsequently declared unsafe on several occasions and was a contributory factor to the demise of the Potts Line.

Today, little evidence of the railway remains at Melverley save for some bricks marking the platform edge. However, a road has been built along the course of part of this branch line to Criggion utilizing the old railway bridge over the Severn and making a convenient connection to the main road at Crew Green. This is a single-track road with passing places but is unusually direct and level compared to other country lanes in the area.

title: Melverley


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Brian Culbertson

Brian Culbertson (born January 12, 1973) is an American smooth jazz/R&B/funk musician and producer. His instruments include the synthesizer, piano and trombone.

Early life and career
Culbertson was born in Decatur, Illinois. As a child, he was musically skilled, having started playing piano at age eight, drums at nine, trombone at ten, bass in seventh grade, and euphonium in high school.

Growing up, he listened to Sting, The Yellowjackets, George Duke, David Foster, Marcus Miller, David Sanborn, Chicago, and Earth, Wind and Fire. He attended and graduated MacArthur High School, where his father was a music teacher. He then moved to Chicago where he attended DePaul University. It was in college that he actually started working on a CD, gathering a group of musicians, recording a demo tape and sending it to the only person he knew in Los Angeles, Bud Harner, who would get him his first record deal.

He is married to Michelle Culbertson, also known by her stage name Micaela Haley, and they live in Chicago. In an interview, Culbertson revealed that he met his wife in college through his first bass player Sharay Reed who had met Michelle at the World of Music Festival in Nashville, Tennessee where they both won awards at the age of 16. Michelle, originally a violinist, won for Best Concert Master and Sharay Reed for Best Soloist. They both were reintroduced to one another at DePaul University two years later. At the end of their Freshman year together Sharay introduced Michelle to Brian telling them that they would make a good match. His wife contributed background vocals on his earlier albums and a feature vocal on his Christmas CD, A Soulful Christmas.

Culbertson plays Mason & Hamlin pianos and Roland keyboards and has appeared at the NAMM Show.

In 2013, he announced on his blog that he was working on his fourteenth album, the album Another Long Night Out was released on February 25, 2014, and was going to revisit his earlier roots in contemporary jazz. In 2015, he released a second live album "20th Anniversary Tour" while performing at jazz club Yoshi's and, subsequently, he also released a solo piano album for yoga and meditation.

His latest album, released on April 10, 2020, is aptly titled XX (Roman numeral for 20) because it is his 20th solo record. Featuring many guests including Mr. Talkbox, Bootsy Collins, Avery*Sunshine, Marcus Anderson, Everette Harp, Noel Gourdin, Patches Stewart, Ray Parker Jr., Paul Jackson Jr., Jubu Smith, Nicholas Cole, and more, the XX album is genre-bending ride through tracks reminiscent of all of Brian's albums: Smooth Jazz, Funk, Gospel, Pop, R&B, and more.

Napa Valley Jazz Getaway
In late 2011, Culbertson announced he would be hosting the first annual Brian Culbertson Napa Valley Jazz Getaway at the Napa Valley Opera House on June 7–10, 2012. Brian along with his wife, Michelle Culbertson (Micaela Haley) began working on the Napa Valley Jazz Getaway together after having spent their 10th wedding anniversary in the region. The 4-day concert event would include live performances by comedian Sinbad, vocalists Oleta Adams and Kenny Lattimore, as well as artists Eric Marienthal, Eric Darius, and David Benoit. In addition to performances, Culbertson curated the weekend's events to include food and wine events at his favorite Napa establishments including: Cindy Pawlcyn's Brassica restaurant, Miner Family Vineyards, Silver Oak Cellars, Caldwell-Snyder Art Gallery, and Silo's Napa.

The inaugural event was a commercial and critical success, selling out within a week of the public announcement of ticket sales. At the 2012 event, Culbertson announced that the event would return for a second year, held June 5–9, 2013. The expanded 5-day 2013 event was held at the Napa Valley Opera House and the Lincoln Theater in addition to several wineries and featured Norman Brown, Kirk Whalum, Rick Braun, Larry Graham & Graham Central Station, Take 6, Ray Parker Jr., Eric Darius, Nick Colionne, Michael Lington, DW3, Cecil Ramirez and returning special guest comedian Sinbad.

Awards
Culbertson has received numerous awards including a 2012 NAACP Image Award nomination for Best Jazz Album; 2012 Soul Train Award nomination for Best Contemporary Jazz Artist; Winning Six (6) 2011 Oasis Smooth Jazz Awards for Best Entertainer, Best Album "XII", Best Song "That's Life", Best Keyboardist, Best Male Artist and Best Collaboration "w/Earl Klugh"; 2010 Canadian Smooth Jazz Award for Best International Artist; 2010 American Smooth Jazz Award for Best Keyboardist; 2005 ASYM All That Jazz Award; 2001 National Smooth Jazz Award for Best Keyboardist.

Personal life
Culbertson has been married since 1997.

title: Brian Culbertson


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Riitta Uosukainen

Riitta Maria Uosukainen (née Vainikka; 18 June 1942, Jääski, Viipuri Province, Finland (now Svetogorsk, Leningrad Oblast, Russia)) is a Finnish politician and former Member of Parliament. She is one of the eight people to gain the highest honorary title, Counselor of State, given by the President.

Uosukainen worked as editor of the Kustannus Oy Tammi publishing house 1965–1966, before beginning university studies. She graduated with a Licentiate in Philosophy in 1970. She also worked as a teacher from 1969, becoming a Senior Teacher in 1971. She continued her career in education by becoming a Lecturer in Finnish language didactics at the University of Joensuu in 1976. She also served as Regional Teacher Educator in Finnish from 1976 to 1983.

She began her political career in 1977 when she was elected to Imatra Town Council, retaining that post until 1992, before being elected to the Finnish Parliament in 1983 for the National Coalition Party. She remained as a member of parliament until 2003.

Uosukainen was Minister of Education (1991–1994), National Coalition Party presidential candidate in 2000, and Speaker of the Finnish Parliament almost continuously from 1994 to 2003.

title: Riitta Uosukainen


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Mark Ella

Mark Gordon Ella, AM (born 5 June 1959) is an indigenous Australian former rugby union footballer. Ella played at flyhalf/five-eighth and was capped by the Wallabies 25 times, captaining Australia on 10 occasions.

Ella made his debut tour with the Wallabies on the 1979 Australia rugby union tour of Argentina. He would later make his Test debut for Australia during the 1980 Bledisloe Cup Test series, in which the Wallabies defeated the All Blacks two games to one – the first three-Test series victory Australia against New Zealand since 1949, the first series victory over the All Blacks on Australian soil since 1934, and the first occasion the Wallabies]] successfully retained the Bledisloe Cup. In 1982, Ella was made captain of the Australia national rugby union team and he would go on to captain the Wallabies on 10 occasions from 1982 to 1983. He was the first indigenous Australian to captain a national sports team. Ella captained a depleted Australian team on the 1982 Australia rugby union tour of New Zealand, which the Wallabies would lose one game to two against the All Blacks. However, Australia scored 316 points in 14 matches on tour, including 47 tries. Ella is perhaps most famous for his performances on the 1984 Australia rugby union tour of Britain and Ireland, during which Australia achieved rugby union's Grand Slam by defeating the Home Nations in four consecutive Tests, with Ella scoring one try in each Test.

He and his brothers Glen (his twin) and Gary were educated at Matraville High School, where they learned to play rugby. All three went on to play for the Australia national team. Mark also played for Randwick and New South Wales domestically.

The five-eighth
Bob Dwyer, former coach of the Wallabies, in his first autobiography The Winning Way, claimed Ella to be one of the five most accomplished Australian players he had ever seen. Dwyer hailed Ella as number one "for mastery of the game's structure". This is perhaps due to Dwyer's perspective on the five-eighth's role: "A five-eighth's primary function is to draw defence and so open up space for the runners outside him." This conveys how Ella approached playing the five-eighth position.

Ella's approach to playing the five-eighth position was unique and different from that of any other five-eighth of his era, and involved many obvious characteristics different from those of his five-eighth contemporaries. Gareth Edwards writes in 100 Great Rugby Players that: "Firstly, he stands closer to his scrum-half than most other stand-off halves I have played with or against, so that he pulls back row forwards on him at an angle which makes it hard for them to change direction, once he has released possession, to harass the midfield". Ella describes the distance from which he stood from the scrum-half in his book Running Rugby, "Generally, I stood about 5 metres from the halfback and about 4 metres behind him. According to the old formula for the right-angled triangle, this means I was no more than 3 metres wide of him".

Relatively straight running was a distinguishable trait associated with Ella's game. This was intended to draw defenders towards him at a certain angle and help unleash his teammates into gaps. Ella wrote:

 * By standing close, the five-eighth ensures that he draws the open-side flanker. Any five-eighth standing close will look like a sitting duck to the flanker, who is therefore keyed up to flatten him. This is just what the five-eighth wants. Provided he runs fairly straight, the flanker will not be able to resist coming at him, and at the appropriate moment, having drawn the flanker, the five-eighth passes to the inside-centre. The moment this happens the flanker is out of the game, for he now has to turn around and chase. On the other hand, if the five-eighth stands wide or if he does not run fairly straight, the flanker can approach him at an angle. If the five-eighth then unloads, the flanker can continue on the same angle and nail the inside centre.

Standing flat demands exceptional ball handling skills, which were a hallmark of Ella's game. Ella's dependable hands were lauded by former Scottish rugby international Norman Mair in The Scotsman: "Ella has hands so adhesive that when he fumbled a ball against Scotland (in 1984) you would not have been surprised to see those Australians of the appropriate religious persuasion cross themselves."

Concerning the manner in which Ella regularly received the ball from his scrum-half; Ella gave no quarter to the speed at which the ball was delivered to him, regardless of how close he stood, trusting in his ability to safely hold the ball. Ella writes: "Once you have positioned yourself, the next thing is to demand a fast pass from the halfback. The quicker the ball reaches you the better, for every fraction of a second is important to the five-eighth, given that the opposition can be on top of him in less than two seconds. I used to insist on having the ball passed to me like a rocket."

Ella possessed a distinguishing trait of instantaneously igniting a backline movement. His vision and ability to 'read the play' is evidenced by his much-vaunted passing game. Gareth Edwards notes, "Next, he wastes no strides holding the ball he does not want to use, and flips it instantly on its way towards the wide open space down the touchline where danger-men like David Campese prowl..." Continuing his appraisal of Ella in The Scotsman, Mair wrote: "In his deft handling, the ball is often on in a fraction of a second". The London Observer described Ella as "the detonator which explodes the brilliance of the Australian backs at critical moments."

This, however, does not entail Ella passing the ball as fast as possible. The execution of Ella's backline ploys were expertly controlled by the timing and speed of his passes. Ella writes: "Quick passes are often a sign that the five-eighth is not reading the play. He (the five-eighth) is throwing a quick pass automatically, believing this is what he ought to be doing, without making an assessment of the play and of the opportunities that might exist at that moment. By doing so, he is handing the initiative back to the opposition".

Mair concluded his appraisal of Ella's form in the famous 1984 Grand Slam tour in The Scotsman, stating: "Nothing about the football of the likable Ella excels his backing up. His ability to materialise in a given spot is of the spirit world". The extent to which Ella supported his teammates has been gauged by Gareth Edwards who wrote that, "In rugby the word 'link-man' is almost a cliché, yet it is the term I must choose to sum up Mark's gifts." Edwards continues writing that:

 * Thirdly, it has to be said that there are plenty of stand-off halves in the modern game – some of them internationals – who are content to give their centres possession and let back row forwards do the main support job. Mark Ella could not bear to lose involvement in an attack like that. Having delivered his pass, he invariably, it seems to me, keeps moving, getting himself between centre and wing on an extended loop– or even outside his wing! Such off-the-ball running is a true sign of greatness ...

Throughout his career, Ella's ability to 'keep the ball alive' resulted in many remarkable tries. Such "faultless positional play in support", resulted in a continuity of play which was regarded by many to have tremendous entertainment value. In 100 Great Rugby Players, Gareth Edwards concludes his writings on Ella by stating: "In this book, we are mainly concerned with players' outstanding ability to play the game, but it is worth adding here that Mark Ella provided tremendous entertainment to spectators, as well as demonstrating his skills".

International career
Ella came into contention for national selection during the 1979 Ireland rugby union tour of Australia that included two Tests. On 26 May 1979, Ella played for New South Wales in Ireland's third tour game which NSW lost 12–16. Ella also played for Sydney in Ireland's seventh tour game, which Sydney won 16–12. Irish captain and flanker Fergus Slattery stated, following the tour, that Mark Ella was the Australian five-eighth who troubled Ireland the most.

Ella was again overlooked for national selection for Australia's one-off Bledisloe Cup Test in 1979 against New Zealand, which Australia won 12–6 in a tryless Test.

Following Australia's 1979 Bledisloe Cup victory, Bob Templeton replaced Dave Brockhoff as coach of the Australia national rugby union team. With Australia scoring one try in their past three Tests, Templeton selected Ella for the 1979 Australia rugby union tour of Argentina. Ella made his debut for the Wallabies during their second touring match against Interior on 16 October 1979, scoring a try in a 47–12 win. Ella played in Australia's fourth touring match against Rosario, which Australia won 21–13.

Ella almost achieved national selection for the first Test following injuries to Paul McLean and Roger Gould. The possibility arose that the Australian selectors might move incumbent five-eighth Tony Melrose to fullback, allowing Ella to fill the five-eighth role. However, McLean played fullback with a broken wrist in plaster, denying Ella the possibility of playing his first Test for Australia. Between the first and second Australian Tests against Argentina, Ella played in Australia's last provincial match against Cuyo, won 43–4.

In 1980 Australia's incumbent five-eighth, Tony Melrose, turned professional to play rugby league. Following this, Ella was selected for the 1980 Australia rugby union tour of Fiji. Ella was a surprise omission at five-eighth for Australia's one-off Test against Fiji in 1980, after Queensland five-eighth Paul McLean was selected at fullback against Fiji. However, Sydney University's five-eighth Michael Hawker was chosen ahead of Ella for the five-eighth position.

1980 Bledisloe Cup Test Series
In 1980 the Wallabies retained the Bledisloe Cup with a 2–1 series victory over the All Blacks. The 1980 Bledisloe Cup Test series victory was the Wallabies' first three-Test series victory over the All Blacks since 1949, and their first three-Test series victory against the All Blacks on Australian soil since 1934.

Ella played against the All Blacks in their first touring match against Sydney that was drawn 13-13, in which Ella received the man of the match award. Prior to Australia's first Test against New Zealand in 1980, incumbent Australian outside center Andrew Slack withdrew from the Australian side due to injury. The selectors picked three former players from the 1977/78 Australian Schoolboys to comprise Australia's mid-field – Mark Ella at five-eighth, Michael Hawker at inside centre, and Michael O'Connor at outside centre. O'Connor was originally slated to play on the wing outside of Slack.

Making his debut for the Wallabies, Ella "opened the scoring with a dropped goal" on his non-preferred right boot. With the scores tied at 9-9, Ella set-up a try for Australian winger Mick Martin by looping Michael Hawker. Australia went on to win the first Test 13–9.

Australia lost the second Test 9–12.

Prior to Australia's third Test against New Zealand in 1980, Queensland five-eighth Paul McLean played in a historic Queensland victory over New Zealand (9–3), thus challenging Ella for Test selection. However, Ella was retained for the third Test against New Zealand with McLean selected on the bench.

The third Test against New Zealand in 1980 contained one of the most famous moments of Mark Ella's rugby career – his "around-the-body-pass." Ella's biographer Bret Harris documents that:

 * "With a sound platform, the backs performed feats of magic. Mark's wayward genius was evident in Australia's second try. The backs charged down the narrow side of the field in a passing rush, but the movement was halted by the cover defence. The backline quickly realigned towards the right hand side of the field with a golden opportunity to attack from the ensuing maul. But Mark incorrectly called 'left' and found himself in no man's land, surrounded by three All Black forwards. With Andy Haden almost smothering him like a grizzly bear, Mark pirouetted and curved the ball behind the giant All Black's back to Hawker, who sent O'Connor dashing for the tryline. It was one of the most extraordinary pieces of rugby seen in a Test match in a long while."

Four minutes following Ella's "around-the-body-pass" he kicked his second drop-goal in international rugby, once again on his non-preferred right foot. The final score of 26-10 marked what was Australia's then largest victory over New Zealand.

Australia v France (1981)
Following Australia's famous victory over New Zealand in 1980, Ella was dropped from the Australian side for Queensland five-eighth Paul McLean following Queensland's dominance over New South Wales in their interstate contests during 1981.

Australian coach Bob Templeton is reported later explaining Ella's omission saying that, "The French were a far more volatile team than the All Blacks and we had to change our approach accordingly. Any loose ball or mistakes could be dynamite. So we were probably a little more conservative."

Australia narrowly won the first Test 17-15 without Ella. Paul McLean kicked one goal from seven attempts.

Following the first Test against Queensland, Roger Gould was selected to play fullback for the second Test, replacing Geoff Richards. However, Gould had to withdraw from the second Test due to injury. Forced to re-organise the Australian side, Wallabies coach Bob Templeton selected incumbent five-eighth Paul McLean at fullback for the second Test against France, and reinstated Mark Ella at the five-eighth position.

In the 57th minute of the Test, Ella created a try for Australian outside centre Michael O'Connor by looping his inside centre Michael Hawker.

McLean kicked four penalty goals and two conversions.

...

In 1984 questions were asked of Mark's suitability to lead the Wallabies and so the Queenslander Andrew Slack was given the captaincy instead. After a narrow defeat against the All Blacks the Wallabies toured the UK and achieved victory in all 4 tests. Mark achieved a "Grand Slam" by scoring a try in every test match of the series, something that he had also accomplished on the 1977/78 Australian Schoolboys tour. At age 25, Ella stunned the rugby world by announcing his retirement, turning down many big money offers in the process.

After rugby
Ella is now a director of the Sports and Entertainment Group. In 2005 he was honoured as one of the inaugural five inductees into the Australian Rugby Union Hall of Fame. In 1997 he was inducted into the International Rugby Hall of Fame.

In 2007 he published his eponymous autobiography, co-written with journalist Bret Harris.

In January 2010 Ella commenced work with the Port Macquarie-Hastings Council as sports and events manager. He left the role to return to a coaching role with the Wallabies in October of the same year.

Ella works at NITV, Australia's free-to-air Indigenous television station. In 2011 he became Executive Producer and Head of NITV Sport, where "highlighting Indigenous sporting achievement has been a driving force behind the ... Barefoot Sports program."

In July 2021, Ella agreed to donate his collection of five jerseys from the famous 1984 Wallabies grand slam tour to the Australian Rugby Museum, which is currently in development.

Recognition
In On a Wing and a Prayer former Australian winger David Campese called Ella "the best rugby player I have ever known or seen." This was a contention he reiterated in My Game Your Game by calling Ella, "The greatest player I have ever seen, or had the pleasure of playing alongside."

In 1984 Australian fullback Roger Gould rated Ella "with Brendan Moon as the best Australian player I’ve seen." Michael Hawker, who played with Ella at inside centre said that "Mark Ella was one of the greatest players– or probably the greatest player– I’ve ever seen." He also contended that Ella changed precepts on how the game could be played. Simon Poidevin wrote in For Love Not Money that, "Mark Ella remains the most talented rugby player I have ever seen."

Rugby league player Wally Lewis, who played rugby union with Ella in the 1977/78 Australian Rugby Union Schoolboys side, called Ella the best player he's seen in rugby union or rugby league]]. Dual international Michael O’Connor, who played with Ella at inside centre, outside centre and wing for Australia, considers Ella the best player he ever played with – in rugby league or rugby union. In The Best of Both Worlds O'Connor is quoted saying that: 'Mark Ella was a genius. He was the best player I played with or against in both codes. He could sum up a situation instinctively... If I said to Mark "Okay let's run it", no problem– the next moment you'd have the ball in your hands... I don't think I’ve ever called for the ball from Mark and not received it.' In Ella: The Definitive Biography, O'Connor further added that: 'I still think he is the best player I played outside of. I enjoyed playing outside him. Such good service. Good, quick ball. You knew playing outside Mark something was on every time. Have a crack. You won't die wondering.'

In 2002 former Welsh eightman Eddie Butler, who played against Ella in 1984, ranked Ella at number one in his list of the 10 best fly-halves in the history of rugby union. In 2003 Butler called Ella "My all-time favourite player' and asserted he was '... by a long way the most influential player of his generation. Just took the passing game and the support game and the reading game and just stretched, stretched them into new areas.'" In 2020, former England flyhalf Stuart Barnes ranked Ella the third greatest five-eighth of all time, behind All Black Dan Carter and Wales' Phil Bennett.

He was made a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) in the 1984 Australia Day Honours for services to rugby, and was inducted into the Sport Australia Hall of Fame in 1987. He received a Centenary Medal and an Australian Sports Medal in 2001. In 2013, Ella was inducted into the IRB Hall of Fame.

In 2013 Australian sports magazine Inside Rugby named its four Australian Invincibles – a rugby union equivalent of rugby leagues Immortals. Mark Ella was named alongside Col Windon, Ken Catchpole and David Campese as the first Invincibles of Australian rugby.

title: Mark Ella


text:
Talk:Awilda

Date?
What's the basis for the fifth century date? The story comes from Saxo Grammaticus, but his chronology is all over the place. I've seen some reckonings that place Alfhild as late as the eighth or even the ninth century. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.135.40.178 (talk) 17:07, 9 June 2011 (UTC)

Questionable statement
", her story is still considered fact by Scandinavians."

Considered fact by whom? Scandinavian researchers? Scandinavian common people? Scandinavian School-system? I think this above is a huge generalisation.

primary source?
Does anyone know the primary source of this story? Is it written anywhere or has it been passed down orally? Geraanne 21:13, 2 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Saxo Grammaticus. 66.61.141.157 (talk) 06:12, 20 March 2009 (UTC)

This article is copied from the Norwegian Wikipedia
Somebody translated part -- and only part! -- of the Awilda article from the Norwegian WIkipedia and glued it in to Wikipedia here. The reference is . Now, before somone angrily tells me that Wikipedia isn't considered a "reliable" source, I know that -- but that didn't stop someone from copying the Norwegian article and putting part of it here. The Norwegian article has a bunch of references (which the copier left out, but I included below) and you can look them up if you want to.

Here's an additional reference, in Japanese, that the Norwegians didn't add:

"Moe Moe War Maidens Encyclopedia" 萌え萌え戦乙女事典. 2008. Eagle Publishing. ISBN 978-4-86146-139-2. pages 20-21. You can find this book on amazon.co.jp if you search their website using the ISBN 4861461391.

Timothy Perper (talk) 00:26, 11 May 2010 (UTC)
 * Here are the references from the Norwegian Wikipedia. I don't vouch for their accuracy, just their existence.

 * Legenden om den kvinnelige sjørøveren Alwilda, og varianter av dette navnet synes å ha sin eldste opprinnelse hos den danske krønikeskribenten Saxo Grammaticus (død 1220). Ingen av de navnene som Saxo oppgir kan stedfestes til historiske figurer. Alwildas far oppgis å ha vært en «Synardus», en konge på Gotland (REF) The Project Gutenberg eBook, The Pirates Own Book (end REF), og navnet Alf har ingen likhet med noen mytiske danske konger. Han ble også kalt «Siger» i en kilde (REF) The Percy Anecdotes (end REF)

 * Dateringen blir tidvis plassert til rundt 500-tallet, noe som synes usannsynlig, skjønt en kilde forsøker seg med 1100-tallet, antagelig for å knytte fortellingen nærmere til Saxos levetid (REF) Daring Pirate Women av Anne Wallace Sharp (2002) (end REF).

 * Middelalderens skribenter skilte ikke like skarpt mellom mytiske og faktiske figurer, og Saxo har særlig utmerket seg med fantasifulle skildringer. På begynnelsen av 1800-tallet kom det flere fargefulle og melodramatiske bøker med illustrasjoner i tresnitt som beskrev piratenes spennende liv, eksempelvis Charles Ellms’ The Pirates Own Book: Authentic Narratives of the Most Celebrated Sea Robbers (Piratenes egen bok: Autentiske fortellinger av de mest beryktete sjørøvere, 1837) (REF) Rob Ossian's Pirate Cave! (end REF) (REF) Google bøker: The Pirates Own Book (end REF). Fortellingen om Alwilda dukket gjerne opp innledningsvis, og har blitt gjentatt siden, eksempelvis i moderne populærhistorisk litteratur som Daring Pirate Women av Anne Wallace Sharp (2002) (end REF) (REF)Google bøker: Daring Pirate Women (end REF).

 * Andre nordiske kvinner som det også etter sigende skal ha vært pirater er navn som Sela og Rusla og søstrene Russila og Stikla, etter sigende skal samtlige av disse ha kommet fra Norge (REF) Norse who went plundering, av Cindy Vallar. (end REF)

 * Timothy Perper (talk) 00:58, 11 May 2010 (UTC)

 * You already have an article with references about Awilda/Alfhild here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alf_and_Alfhild

Leos Friend (talk) 13:19, 11 May 2010 (UTC)

There's a brief article, yes, but the references are not what I think we need for documenting the history and tales of Awilda. Timothy Perper (talk) 19:21, 11 May 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Awilda


text:
Lamit Company

Lamit Company is an independent satellite operator company in Europe, operating worldwide. The company provides satellite internet and telephony to primary schools and high schools, universities, government institutions etc. Areas of the world covered by the company are: Africa (whole), Europe (whole), Middle East (whole), Russia (major parts), Australia (northern part), Americas, India, Indonesia, etc.

Maritime Satellite services and coverage
The company manages and operates different capacities on multiple satellites and provides fully mobile maritime connection solutions.

Lamit Company also provides services for yachts which are also applicable to small vessels, ferry boats or fishing vessels.

The fleet can be constantly connected to the desired terrestrial network or to other vessels, allowing the development and centralization of on board applications. The VSAT maritime solution allows the crew and passengers to use Internet, exchange e-mails, phone with VoIP system, Fax, use mobile or standard phones and other evolved applications as well as be connected no matter what the distance or the weather conditions are.

Highly Mobile Satellite Internet System

- The mobile equipment contains : external devices (satellite antenna and mounts) powered by three independent motors, fix support (mount) internal equipment (satellite VSAT terminal and accessories) completely automatic, for the connection with the satellite.

- Antennas used: 0.75 m, 0.98 m, 1.2 m, 1.8 m and for special connections, 2.4 m or even more.

- The connection with the satellite is made automatically, in 3–5 minutes from the command issuing.

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The military personnel deployed in the region, the government agencies, the contractors, the universities, the Internet Caffes, and the local Iraqi/Afghan businesses companies are among the many subscribers who use this service in order to be in permanent contact with the rest of the world.

A VSAT communications network provides permanent broadband communication. The bidirectional satellite access provides speeds comparable to DSL.

The bidirectional internet service via satellite allows the troops, marines and civilian staff from the Military Bases, temporarily located in Middle East, to communicate without restrictions. They exchange e-mails, instant messages, they can surf the web and they are also able to communicate using the popular VoIP (Voice over IP) and share photos/videos in real time.

Lamit 2 Pro servers - Acceleration, Network Management and VoIP Optimization for Satellite Internet Connections
The new generation of the professional Lamit 2 Pro Servers are created for the improvement and better administration of the satellite and terrestrial connections, and have new allocated bandwidth optimization functions and, in the same time, a management and a total control of the internal network. The servers are created on many endowment levels regardless the networks type and dimension. Also, there has been put a big accent on the VoIP calls prioritization function, being taken into consideration the loss that might appear because of the internet satellite connection, together with a possible wireless connection and finally because of the VoIP ( Voice Over Internet Protocol ) connection latency.

title: Lamit Company


text:
User talk:Mani.682001

به نام خدا

خوب این اولین مقاله من اینجاست امید وارم مورد استفادتون قرار بگیره اگر هم اشکالی داشت خوشحال می شم بگید.

What is the Session ID>>>>>>

یک سایت که user هاش توش login می کنند رو در نظر بگیرید خوب ممکنه یک پروسس یا هر چیز دیگه طرف Server  باشه که به درخواست های user هاش رسیدگی می کنه حالا در نظر بگیرید که دو تا از user ها که هم زمان به سرور وارد شدن و  یکی از آنها یک درخواست خاص رو برای سرور بفرسته حالا خودتونو جای سرور قرار بدید که یه بسته براتون اومده که مثلا توش نورشته اکانت منو پاک کن شما باشید اکانت کدوم یکی از اون دو تا یوزر رو پاک می کنید؟ خوب اینجاس که Session ID به کار میاد وقتی شما وارد یک همچین سایتی میشید برنامه ای که اون طرف به شما سرویس میده یک شماره ی شناسایی برای شما در نظر می گیره که از این به بعد بهش میگیم Session ID در پیغام های بعدی که  ردو بدل میشه این Session ID هم با پیغام ها ردو بدل میشه  تا برنامه ای که رو سروره بتونه تشخیص بده چه کسی این پیغام رو فرستاده خوب اولین چیزی که به فکر یه هکر میره سه اینه که چه جوری میشه این شماره رو جوری عوض کرد که بشه کسی خودشو جای کسه دیگه ای جا بزنه  پ

<<>>

روش هایی برای ردو بدل شدن این شماره ی تصادفی وجود داره که من سه تاشو معرفی می کنیم روش اول: URL ممکنه تویه سایتی وقتی با یک صفحه ی داینامیک در ارتباط هستید تو URL بالای صفحه Session ID شما رو نوشته باشه و هر موقه که اطلاعاتی رو ارسال میکنید اون شماره رو هم با URL میفرسته برای مثال: html://www.yesiteecharand.com/editpage.asp?si=682001 خوب همینجور که میبینید در اینحا Session ID من برابر با 682001 هست البته هیچ لوزومی نداره که حتما فیلد Session ID  اسمش SI  باشه میتونه هر چیزه دیگه ای باشه که توسط برنامه نویس تعین میشه خوب عوض کردن این شماره کار شختی نیست! ولی همیشه به این اندازه ها هم راحت نیست چون برنامه نویس نمیاد Session ID شما رو همینجوری در اختیارتون قرار بده معمولا این شماره با الگریتم های رمز نگاری رمز میشه برای مثال بخش ایمیل یاهو رو در نظر بگیرید در این بخش برای تبادل Session ID از همین URL استفاده میشه ولی خوب به صورت رمز شده برای همینه که وقتی به وارد ایمیل یاهوتون میشید کلی کاراکتر های اجق وجق تو URL تون هست(البته همه ی اون ها Session ID نیست)

روش دوم: استفاده از فیلد های مخفی در کد صفحه

در این روش اون شماره توی صفحه های وب ارسالی به صورتی مخفی شده. برای اینکه بتونید اونو ببینید باید یه سری به کد HTML صفحه بزنید توی کد دنباله تگ های

البته نام این برچسب هم اختیاری است ( در اینجا Session) در اینجام با تغییر مقدار این تگ میتونید Session ID  رو عوض کنید(البته در این روش هم معمولا از رمز نگاری استفاده میشه)

روش سوم: استفاده از کوکی ها خود این روش به 2 بخش مجزا تقسیم میشه: 1-کوکی های دائم: در خیلی از سایت ها وقتی که وارد شون میشید یک سری کوکی های دائمی روی سیستم شما پیاده میکنن که Session ID شما هم توی اون ذخیره میشه شما میتونید با مراجعه به اون کوکی اون شماره رو پیداش کنید البته روش ذخیره Session ID در این کوکی ها کاملا اختیاری است که توسط برنامه نویس تعیین میشه برای همین یه مقدار کار مشکلتره خصوصا اگر از رمز نگاری استفاده شده باشه 2-کوکی های موقت: تفاوت این نوع کوکی ها با کوکی های دائم  اینه که  تو حافظه ی رم ذخیره میشه نه رو هارد و در این موارد کار یه مقدار سخت میشه برای پیدا کردن Session ID در  این موارد  میتونید از پروکسی استفاده کنید میتونید برای خودتون یه برنامه مثل Achilles نصب کنید  که  همون حالت پروکسی رو داره بعد از اینکه Achilles رو به حالت فعال در اوردید و در سایت مورد نظر شروع به ارسال فرامین کردید  تو صفحه برنامه  Achilles  Session ID رو ببینید که در حال تبادل است برای عوض کردن مقدار این فیلد هم میتونید از خود برنامه Achilles استفاده کنید.

<<>>

خوب حالا رسیدیم به اونجا که بجای Session ID  خودمون باید چه عددی رو جایگزین کنیم که دقیقا اصل کار هم همینه شما می تونید با چند بار لوگین کردن تو اون سایت و نوشتن شماره هاتون یک الگوریتم بین  اون شماره ها پیدا کنید  ولی البته خیلی از سایت ها برای Session ID  خودشون از الگوریتم  استفاده نمیکنن و ممکنه  یه عدد تصادفی رو به عنوان Session ID یوزر هاشون انتخواب می کنن که خوب کار شما  سخت تر میشه  و باید از روش سعی خطا کار کنید.

برنامه Achilles رو از اینجا دریافت کنید: http://www.mavensecurity.com/achilles -- Mani.hekmat@gmail.com Mani Hekmat 05/July/17 مانی حکمت 26/تیر/84

title: User talk:Mani.682001


text:
Withington, Shropshire

Withington is a village and parish in Shropshire, England.

The parish is very small (both in area covered and population – 220 people) and is located on the Shropshire Council/Telford and Wrekin Council boundary.

St. John the Baptist Church
The church in the village today was completely rebuilt in 1874 by G. E. Street, on the site of a much older building. It is built of sandstone with a tiled roof and low stone tower with spire to the west. This tower houses two bells from the 13th and 14th centuries in a frame circa 1800.

Remnants of the furnishings of the earlier church have also survived – the stone reredos depicting the crucifixion, the stone font, stone pulpit, chancel wall and the eagle lectern.

Withington Church is renowned for its 16th century brasses, the oldest has effigies to John Onley, his wife and seven children (1515) The other brass is of Adam Grafton (1530). He was a former vicar of Withington (among many parishes!) and one time chaplain to Edward V and Prince Arthur.

The church contains a wooden war memorial plaque to the two men of the parish who died serving in the First World War and a framed Roll of Honour to those "Belonging to Withington or connected with the parish by ties of family or friendship and who served in His Majesty's Forces" in the same war.

History of the village
The following history of Withington, by Mary Macpherson, was first published in the 2003 Withington Parish Plan and updated for the 2008 Parish Plan.

Withington has sat on the sidelines of national history as important events happened nearby, these included the Battle of Shrewsbury at Battlefield and an important civil war siege at High Ercall. It must have seen changes as the Saxon settlement of Wietone, the village in the willows, became part of the lands of the Norman Roger de Montgomery, William I's cousin: later changes brought in land ownership by Haughmond Abbey, the Haughtons, the Corbet and the Tayleur estates. The earliest reference to a church here is 1160.

Little is known about these early times. In the church are brasses, transferred from the previous church, to the memory of John and Johanna Onley and their children. It is believed he was lord of the manor at the old manor at Hunkington. By the choir is a brass to Adam Grafton who was priest of Upton Magna and of the Battlefield College as well as being vicar of Withington. He died in 1530. In the 1480s he was the tutor to the young king Edward V and his brother in Ludlow Castle.

The population of the village was 91 conforming Anglicans over 16 in 1676. That does not allow for any children or members of other denominations but there would have been few of them. Little remains of these times but scattered around the village are eight half-timbered houses, most now beautifully restored and extended, which would have been in existence then. That they have survived and others have been demolished which were in better condition is one of the accidents of history. The blacksmith's shop opposite the pub, featured on postcards in the early years of the 20th century, was demolished in the 1960s. In 1710 a new manor house was built for Illedge and Mary Maddox; following this all future buildings were built in brick. One of the most attractive is the Old Hall, once the vicarage, and before that a gentleman's residence, built in the days of Queen Anne.

Arrival of the canal

Perhaps the biggest change was the coming of the canal, opened in 1797 and used mainly to carry coal from Ketley to Shrewsbury. Coal for Withington was unloaded at a wharf at the Old Post Office as well as farm foodstuffs, oil etc. It traveled alongside the churchyard wall where there was a big pool in front of Church Farm where the boats could turn. There were swing bridges there and by Canal Cottage and humpback bridges over the lanes to Walcot and Rodington where the lanes crossed the canal. Fishermen, skaters and walkers all used the canal and its towpaths. In 1944 the canal was closed and in the 1960s it was offered for sale to the landowners whose land adjoined it but if they did not want it, to the landowner on the other side, by the towpath.

The population of Withington in 1861 was 232; the village boasted a blacksmith, two wheelwrights, a shopkeeper and the landlord of the Hare and Hounds. The vicar's salary was £107 per annum; fortunately the Rev. Halke was a man of means. The majority worked in farming but a few worked on the railway.

After the Great War

A big change came after the First World War when Shropshire County Council bought 400 acre of the Manor, bringing its smallholdings scheme to Withington. The original manor was then split into two smallholdings and five new white houses were built for small-holders. There were also three cottage holdings owned by the council. This made the County Council the largest landowner in the village. In 1911 the sale of the Tayleur estate led to changes in the Walcot Lees to Rodington area of Withington. Three farmers operating on a larger scale emerged at this time. The population in 1926 was 235. Again there were craftsmen among the farmers -a blacksmith, a carpenter and a boot and shoe repairer. Village children travelled to Upton Magna or Rodington for state schools but from the 1920s to 1940s there was a small private school in the Shrubbery.

After 1945 for all secondary schools children travelled into Shrewsbury and Wellington but with a limited choice of schools. Children going to private or grammar schools took the train from Walcot or Upton Magna stations whilst pupils at the secondary modern at Harlescott were bused into Shrewsbury. This state of affairs changed with the closing of the stations. As a result of a petition the daily bus service from Shrewsbury to Upton Magna was extended to Withington.

The 1960s and modernisation

Withington remained an agricultural community on this scale until the late 1960s when changes began to occur. The population had become rather elderly, children moved away out of agriculture and, as houses came up for sale, they were bought by people who wanted to live in the country and had the means to modernise them. At the same time agricultural changes meant it was more viable to create bigger holdings. The council began consolidating its holdings into bigger units as tenants retired and later began the process of selling them to the tenants if they wished or to the public. Only two holdings remained in 2003 as council holdings but three former council holdings, which were sold, were still farming.

Services came to Withington slowly. Electricity was pre-Second World War, water in the late 1950s, sewerage in the early 1970s and gas in the early 1990s. These services were a necessary precursor to development. In the 1970s new building took place in gardens along Caernarvon Lane and Sunnyfields was sold to a builder. This eventually resulted in development along Caernarvon Lane. The Woodlands land was sold in the early 1960s and building commenced in Woodlands Close in 1985. The style of houses built reflected the different lifestyles of the new residents and the advances in our expectations. Three Withington house owners had built swimming pools by 1990.

Withington today

Although Withington is a more affluent community than in the 1960s it still retains its village pattern developed around a green central field; this is clearly seen on aerial photos. From the 1960s onwards there were gains and losses in terms of rural life. On the retirement of the last vicar of Withington the parish was joined to the parish of Upton Magna, then to Uffington and is now part of a team ministry. Although these changes work well, it has meant several adjustments for longer stay residents.

In 1982 the shop and post office closed and there have been problems maintaining a bus service to both Shrewsbury and Telford. However, newer residents continue to give new life to the church and take leading roles in it and the wider community through the Parish Council and local societies. They have helped to keep the school open at Upton Magna. The pub, the church and Parish Room still survive and there are local shopping and post office facilities in neighbouring villages.

A major achievement in 2007 was the Parish Council's acquisition of the land in the center of the village to develop into a village green.

Notable people

 * Samuel Fisher (c.1605-1682), puritan minister and friend of Richard Baxter, remembered by the latter as living at Withington before moving to Shrewsbury in 1642.
 * Rann Kennedy (1772-1851), church minister, schoolteacher and poet, was brought up at Withington following his father's death in 1784.

title: Withington, Shropshire


text:
Bischofia javanica

Bischofia javanica, or bishop wood, is a plant species of the family Phyllanthaceae. It and the related Bischofia polycarpa are the only two members of genus Bischofia and tribe Bischofieae. These species are distributed throughout southern and southeast Asia to Australia and Polynesia also in North America (brought to North America as a decorative plant but now considered to be an invasive species). The tree is commonly used by tigers to scratch-mark territory in the jungles of Assam where it is locally called uriam. They also occur in southwestern, central, eastern, and southern China, and also Taiwan, where the indigenous people consider it a sacred tree.

Uses

 * The dark red, dense wood is used as a building material for items ranging from furniture to bridges; it is durable but is difficult to air-dry. It is also ideal as firewood.
 * The fruits are used in making wine.
 * The seeds, which are edible, contain 30-54% oil, which is used as a lubricant.
 * The bark has a high tannin content and is used as a source of red dye to stain rattan baskets and colour tapa cloth.
 * The roots are used medicinally.
 * The leaves are eaten in Southern Laos dipped into chili sauce.

title: Bischofia javanica


text: Category:Plane crash victims

title: Category:Plane crash victims


text:
Withington (disambiguation)

Withington is a suburban area of Manchester, England

Withington may also refer to:

People with the surname

 * Alfreda Bosworth Withington (1860–1951), American physician and author
 * Dick Withington (1921–1981), English footballer
 * Eliza Withington (1825–1877), American photographer
 * Harry Withington (1868–1947), English footballer
 * John Withington (1865–1944), Australian politician
 * Leonard Withington (1789–1885), American minister and author
 * Lothrop Withington (1856–1915), American genealogist, historian, and book editor
 * Paul Withington (1888–1966), American football player
 * Shane Withington (b. 1958), Australian actor
 * William H. Withington (1835–1903), American Union Army general

England

 * Withington (ward), an electoral ward of Manchester
 * Withington, Gloucestershire
 * Withington, Herefordshire
 * Withington, Staffordshire
 * Withington, Shropshire
 * Lower Withington, Cheshire

United States

 * Withington Estate, listed on the NRHP in Middlesex County, New Jersey
 * Withington Wilderness, New Mexico

Transportation

 * Withington railway station (Gloucestershire), former station in Withington, Gloucestershire, England
 * Withington railway station (Herefordshire), former station in Withington, Herefordshire, England
 * Withington tram stop, Greater Manchester
 * Withington and West Didsbury railway station, former station in Greater Manchester

title: Withington (disambiguation)


text:
Bischofia

Bischofia is a genus of plants in the family Phyllanthaceae first described as a genus in 1827. It is native to southern China, the Indian Subcontinent, Queensland, New Guinea, and various islands of the Pacific. It is the only member of the tribe Bischofieae. They are dioecious, with male and female flowers on separate plants, but may rarely be monoecious.

The genus Bischofia was named after Gottleib Wilhelm T. G. Bischoff, 1797–1854, German botanist, by Karl Blume.
 * species
 * 1) Bischofia javanica Blume - S China, Taiwan, Ryukyu Is, Himalayas, India, Bangladesh, Assam, Andaman & Nicobar, Indochina, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, Papuasia, Queensland, Fiji, Niue, Samoa, Tonga, Vanuatu, Cook Is, Society Is
 * 2) Bischofia polycarpa (H.Lév.) Airy Shaw - China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Yunnan, Zhejiang)

title: Bischofia


text:
McLeod Stewart

McLeod Stewart (1847–1926) was a Canadian lawyer and politician. Stewart was mayor of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada from 1887 to 1888.

Biography
He was born in Ottawa in 1847, the son of William Stewart, who represented Bytown (Ottawa) in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada from 1844 to 1847.

The Stewart family owned some of the land south of Gladstone Avenue, which was then the southern limit for the city of Ottawa. The area was called Stewarton, and the family home was located on the current site of the Canadian Museum of Nature. McLeod Street in Ottawa is named after him.

Stewart studied at the University of Toronto, receiving an M.A. He served as a lieutenant in the Governor General's Foot Guards. In 1874, he married Linnie Emma, the daughter of Colonel Walker Powell. In 1881, with William Hodgson, he built the Molson's Bank building on the Sparks Street Mall. He served as president of the Canada Atlantic Railway and also served on the boards of several companies. Stewart also represented a number of companies as their solicitor in Ottawa. The first Central Canada Exhibition opened on September 25, 1888, during his term as mayor. In 1897, he visited London, seeking financial backers for a canal linking the Ottawa River and Georgian Bay.

In 1910, he authored The first half century of Ottawa.

title: McLeod Stewart


text:
Quabbs

Quabbs is a small, scattered hamlet in the southwest of Shropshire, near the border between England and Wales. The name, which also occurs in Gloucestershire as a field name, is possibly derived from the Old English word cwabba, "marsh".

It is located in the rural civil parish of Bettws-y-Crwyn. The nearest village is Newcastle.

Quabbs lies at 390m above sea level.

title: Quabbs


text:
Stanley DeSantis

Stanley DeSantis (July 6, 1953 – August 9, 2005) was an American actor and businessman.

DeSantis was raised in the Chicago area, and graduated from Thornton Township High School in 1971. He appeared in several motion pictures, including Candyman (1992), Ed Wood (1994), Boogie Nights (1997), Rush Hour (1998), I Am Sam (2001), and The Aviator  (2004). He also made many television appearances.

When not acting, DeSantis owned and managed a clothing-and-memorabilia business,  Passing 4 Sane, and a novelty soap company, Bubbletown, both of which were primarily involved in licensed characters.

According to his death notice in The Advocate, DeSantis was openly gay. He died of cardiac arrest in August 2005, and his death was noted in a dedication for the season two finale of Entourage, in which he guest starred in three episodes. He also played a man dying of cardiac arrest in a Six Feet Under episode entitled "The Silence," which aired 23 days before his actual death.

Selected filmography

 * The Paper Chase (1978–1979, TV series) as Gagarian, a law student
 * Fame (1982, TV series) as The Director
 * Black Moon Rising (1986) as The Mover
 * Just Say Julie (1988-1992) as The Devil and Various
 * Moonlighting (1989, TV series) as Desk Clerk
 * ALF (1990, TV series) as Minister
 * Vital Signs (1990) as Loan Officer
 * Taking Care of Business (1990) as Airport Car Rental Man
 * thirtysomething (1991, TV series) as Ad Person
 * ’’Medusa: Dare To Be Truthful’’ (1991, Movie) as Benny
 * Caged Fear (1991) as Mr. O Daniels
 * Candyman (1992) as Dr. Burke
 * Doppelganger (1993) as Richard Wolf
 * Tales of the City (1993, TV mini-series) as Norman Neal Williams
 * My So-Called Life (1994, 3 episodes: "Pilot", "Guns and Gossip," "The Substitute") as Mr. Demitri / Social Studies Teacher
 * Ed Wood (1994) as Mr. Feldman
 * The Birdcage (1996) as TV Man in Van
 * The Truth About Cats & Dogs (1996) as Mario
 * The Fan (1996) as Stoney
 * Early Edition (1996, TV series) as Howard Phillips
 * Fools Rush In (1997) as Judd Marshall
 * NYPD Blue (1997, TV series) as Dr. Herbert Wentzel
 * Clockwatchers (1997) as Art
 * Boogie Nights (1997) as Buck's Manager
 * After the Game (1997) as Frank Bertini
 * Bulworth (1998) as Manny Liebowitz
 * Rush Hour (1998) as FBI Gate Guard #1
 * Heartwood (1998) as Gerry Talbot
 * Tracey Takes On... (1998–1999, TV series) as Bobby / Albert Pittman
 * Stark Raving Mad (1999, TV series) as Jonathan Dalton
 * Lansky (1999, TV movie) as Arnold Rothstein
 * Head Over Heels (2001) as Alfredo
 * See Jane Run (2001)
 * The Man Who Wasn't There (2001) as New Man's Customer
 * Human Nature (2001) as Doctor
 * I Am Sam (2001) as Robert
 * Die, Mommie, Die! (2003) as Tuchman
 * Curb Your Enthusiasm (2004, TV series) as Stanley
 * The Aviator (2004) as Louis B. Mayer
 * Entourage (2004–2005, TV series) as Scott Wick
 * Six Feet Under (2005, TV series) as Peter Burns
 * Something New (2006) as Jack Pino (final film role)

title: Stanley DeSantis


text:
User talk:EastEnders

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! , SqueakBox 12:00, August 28, 2005 (UTC)
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title: User talk:EastEnders


text:
User talk:Hellohowareyou

katrina is five not four
Have it say this:

Current events has references
 * Hurricane Katrina continues to strengthen reaching Category five status with winds of at least 160 mph. It has the second lowest pressure for a named American hurricane since 1851, with only Hurricane Camille having a lower measurement. Millions of people living in and around the below sea-level Louisiana city of New Orleans are leaving as the eye is expected to collide with the region within 24 hours.
 * --posted on my talk page by User: Hellohowareyou without signing, 11:51, 2005 August 28

What am I ? Your Secretary ? No. Your line is too long. Please add these details to the article. And please sign your posts on talk pages. -- PFHLai 12:01, 2005 August 28 (UTC)

No, you are obviously not my secretary but you are an administrator and I thought it would be helpful to point out that you incorrectly said it was only a cat four storm. :) Hellohowareyou 12:04, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Apparently, we were typing at the same time. -- PFHLai 12:08, 2005 August 28 (UTC)

Hmm, see the Katrina talk page under the heading "this makes no sense"... Evercat 12:18, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

The link says Katrina currently has 153 knot winds "at flight level", not surface - a bit misleading perhaps? Evercat 13:37, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

Images
Thanks for your addition of images to Wikipedia. Since a lot of the images of Hurricane Katrina that you uploaded are public domain, please upload them to the Wikimedia Commons, so they are made available for use automatically on every Wiki in every language. -- tomf688  11:21, August 30, 2005 (UTC)

Hello!
Hello, how are you? :) Winterzimt (talk) 20:24, 6 September 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:Hellohowareyou


text:
Heymann

Heymann is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:
 * Andreas Heymann (born 1966), French biathlete
 * Aribert Heymann (1898–1946), German field hockey player
 * Barak Heymann, Israeli film director and producer
 * Carl Heymann (also: Karl Heymann, 1854–1922), German pianist
 * Carsten Heymann (born 1972), German biathlete
 * Claude Heymann (1907–1994), French screenwriter and film director
 * Danièle Heymann (1933-2019), French journalist and film critic
 * David Heymann (disambiguation), multiple people
 * Delphyne Heymann (born 1966)
 * Erika Heymann (1895–1950), German woman posthumously conferred Righteous Among the Nations
 * Ernst Heymann (1870–1946), German jurist
 * Ezra Heymann (1928–2014), philosopher and university professor
 * Franz Ferdinand Heymann (1924–2005), British physicist
 * Isaac Heymann (1829–1906), Dutch cantor and composer
 * Jimmy Ben Heymann, Ghanaian diplomat
 * Joseph Heymann (1919–1992), footballer
 * Juan Andrade Heymann (born 1945), Ecuadorian writer, novelist, short story writer, poet, and playwright
 * Klaus Heymann (born 1936), German entrepreneur
 * Lida Gustava Heymann (1868–1943), German feminist, pacifist and women's rights activist
 * Lindy Heymann, British director
 * Margarete Heymann (1899–1990), German ceramic artist
 * Mathias Heymann, dancer
 * Philip Heymann (1932–2021), American jurist
 * Robert Heymann (1879–1946), German screenwriter and film director
 * Stephen Heymann, Assistant U.S. Attorney for the District of Massachusetts
 * Tomer Heymann (born 1970), Israeli filmmaker
 * Vania Heymann (born 1986), Israeli artist and film director
 * Werner R. Heymann (1896–1961), German conductor and composer
 * William Heymann (1885–1969), English cricketer

title: Heymann


text:
Bridelieae

Bridelieae is a tribe of the family Phyllanthaceae.

Subtribes and genera
It comprises 5 subtribes:
 * Amanoinae
 * 1) Amanoa
 * Keayodendrinae
 * 1) Keayodendron

Pseudolachnostylidinae

 * 1) Bridelia (also Candelabria, Gentilia, Pentameria, Tzellemtinia)
 * 2) Cleistanthus (also Clistanthus, Godefroya, Kaluhaburunghos, Lebidiera, Lebidieropsis, Leiopyxis, Nanopetalum, Neogoetzia, Paracleisthus, Schistostigma, Stenonia, Stenoniella, Zenkerodendron)
 * 3) Pentabrachion
 * 4) Pseudolachnostylis

Saviinae

 * 1) Croizatia
 * 2) Discocarpus
 * 3) Gonatogyne
 * 4) Savia
 * 5) Tacarcuna

Securineginae

 * 1) Securinega
 * 2) Lachnostylis

title: Bridelieae


text:
Edward Dicey

Edward James Stephen Dicey, CB (15 May 1832 – 7 July 1911) was an English writer, journalist, and editor.

Life
He was born on 15 May 1832 at Claybrook, near Lutterworth, Leicestershire. He was the second son of Thomas Edward Dicey, of an old Leicestershire family, who was senior wrangler in 1811, was a pioneer of the Midland Railway, and owned the Northampton Mercury. His mother Anne Mary, was sister of Sir James Stephen; aunt of Sir James Fitzjames Stephen and Sir Leslie Stephen. His younger brother was Professor Albert Venn Dicey.

He was educated at home and, for about two years, at King's College, London. Edward went up to Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1850, was president of the Cambridge Union, and graduated B.A. in 1854 with a third class in the classical tripos, and as a senior optime in mathematics.

After leaving Cambridge he went for a short time into business without success, and then took to writing, for which he had inherited from his mother and her family a singular facility. He travelled abroad and interested himself in foreign politics. In 1861, he published both Rome in 1860 and Cavour a Memoir,. In 1862, Dicey visited America, and wrote on the American civil war in Macmillan's Magazine and the Spectator. In 1863 Six Months in the Federal States, 'met with a somewhat lukewarm reception,' on account of the northern sympathies of the author.

In 1861, Dicey became connected with The Daily Telegraph, and his style and knowledge of foreign questions led to his being made a permanent member of the staff in 1862. Among his colleagues were Sir Edwin Arnold, an old school friend, Francis Lawley, and George Augustus Sala. He was a leader-writer for the paper, and also acted as special correspondent in the Second Schleswig War, and the Austro-Prussian War.

While in the East in 1869, he accepted an offer of the editorship of the Daily News, and held this post for three months in 1870. On leaving it he at once became editor of the Observer, and filled that office for nineteen years (1870–89), continuing to write for the paper for some time after he ceased to edit it.

Subsequently, he was a constant contributor to the Nineteenth Century, the Empire Review, and other periodicals. His interest in foreign politics remained keen, especially in the affairs of Eastern Europe. He was a frequent visitor to Egypt, and formed at first hand well-defined views of England's position there, at one time advocating the annexation of the country by Great Britain. He was a strong supporter of friendly relations between England and Germany, and closely studied South African matters in later years.

Dicey had entered at Gray's Inn as a student in 1865, and was called to the Bar in 1875, but did not practise. During his later life he made his home in chambers in the Inn, of which he became a bencher in 1896, and treasurer in 1903 and 1904. In 1886, he was made a C.B. He was a familiar figure at the Athenæum and Garrick Clubs. He died at his chambers in Gray's Inn on 7 July 1911, and was buried in Brompton Cemetery, the first part of the funeral service taking place in Gray's Inn Chapel.

Family
He married in 1867 Anne Greene Chapman of Weymouth, Massachusetts; she died in 1878; they had one son.

Works

 * Rome in 1860 (1861)
 * Cavour: A Memoir (1861)
 * Six Months in the Federal States (1863)
 * The Schleswig-Holstein War (1864)
 * The Battle-Fields of 1866 (1866)
 * A Month in Russia during the Marriage of the Czarevitch (1867)
 * The Morning Land, being Sketches of Turkey, the Holy Land, and Egypt (1870)
 * England and Egypt (1881)
 * Victor Emmanuel (1882)
 * The Story of the Khedivate (1902)
 * The Egypt of the Future (1907).
 * The Egypt of the Future (1907).

title: Edward Dicey


text:
Eucharistic miracle

In Christianity, a Eucharistic miracle is any miracle involving the Eucharist. The Roman Catholic, Lutheran, Oriental Orthodox, Eastern Orthodox, Moravian and Anglican Churches believe that Christ is really made manifest in the Eucharist and deem this a Eucharistic miracle; however, this is to be distinguished from other manifestations of God. The Catholic Church distinguishes between divine revelation, such as the Eucharist, and private revelation, such as Eucharistic miracles. In general, reported Eucharistic miracles usually consist of unexplainable phenomena such as consecrated Hosts visibly transforming into myocardium tissue, being preserved for extremely long stretches of time, surviving being thrown into fire, bleeding, or even sustaining people for decades.

Verification of Eucharistic miracles often depends on the religious branch reporting the supposed miracle, but in the case of the Catholic Church, a special task-force or commission investigates supposed Eucharistic miracles before deciding whether they are "worthy of belief." As with other private revelations, such as Marian apparitions, belief in approved miracles is not mandated by the Catholic Church, but often serves to reassure believers of God's presence or as the means to "send a message" to the population at large. Anglican Churches have also reported extraordinary Eucharistic miracles.

Real Presence
Roman Catholic Eucharistic doctrine draws upon a quasi-Aristotelian understanding of reality, in which the core substance or essential reality of a given thing is bound to, but not equivalent with, its sensible realities or accidents. In the celebration of the Eucharist, by means of the consecratory Eucharistic Prayer, the actual substance of the bread and wine are changed into the body and blood of Christ. This change in substance is not, however, the outward appearances of the bread and wine—their accidents—which remain as before. This substantial change is called transubstantiation, a term reserved to describe the change itself. Scholastic philosophical terminology was used but is not a part of the dogma that defined Christ's presence for the Roman Catholic Church at the Council of Trent. In the 13th session of 11 October 1551, it promulgated the following conciliar decree: "'if anyone says that the substance of bread and wine remains in the Holy Sacrament of the Eucharist together with the Body and Blood of our Lord Jesus Christ and denies that wonderful and extraordinary change of the whole substance of the wine into His blood, while only the species of bread and wine remain, a change which the Catholic Church has most fittingly called transubstantiation, let him be anathema.' (Session 13, can.2)'."Protestant views on the fact of Christ's presence in the Eucharist vary significantly from one denomination to another: while many, such as Lutherans, Anglicans, Methodists and the Reformed agree with Roman Catholics that Christ is really present in the Eucharist, they do not accept the definition of transubstantiation to describe it.

According to Thomas Aquinas, in the case of extraordinary Eucharistic Miracles in which the appearance of the accidents are altered, this further alteration is not considered to be transubstantiation, but is a subsequent miracle that takes place for the building up of faith. Nor does the extraordinary manifestation alter or heighten the presence of Christ in the Eucharist, as the miracle does not manifest the physical presence of Christ: "'in apparitions of this sort ... the proper species [actual flesh and blood] of Christ is not seen, but a species formed miraculously either in the eyes of the viewers, or in the sacramental dimensions themselves.'"Some denominations, especially Lutherans, have similar beliefs regarding the Eucharist and the Real Presence, though they reject the Roman Catholic concept of transubstantiation, preferring instead, the doctrine of the sacramental union, in which "'the body and blood of Christ are so truly united to the bread and wine of the Holy Communion that the two may be identified. They are at the same time body and blood, bread and wine. ...In this sacrament the Lutheran Christian receives the very body and blood of Christ precisely for the strengthening of the union of faith.'"Lutherans hold that the miracle of the Eucharist is effected during the Words of Institution. Both the Eastern Orthodox Churches and the Oriental Orthodox Churches, such as the Coptic Church, insist "on the reality of the change from bread and wine into the body and the blood of Christ at the consecration of the elements," although they have "never attempted to explain the manner of the change," thus rejecting philosophical terms to describe it. The Methodist Church similarly holds that Christ is truly present in the Eucharist "through the elements of bread and wine," but maintains that how He is present is a Holy Mystery. All Anglicans affirm the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist, though Evangelical Anglicans (as with other Reformed Christians) believe that this is a pneumatic presence, while those of an Anglo-Catholic churchmanship believe this is a corporeal presence, but at the same time still rejecting the philosophical explanation of transubstantiation.

Mystical Fasting
Some Catholic saints reportedly survived for years on nothing but the Eucharist. Marthe Robin (Venerable) fasted from all food and drink except the Eucharist from 1930 to her death in 1981.

Brazilian Servant of God Floripes Dornellas de Jesus lived for 60 years feeding with Eucharist only.

Teresa Neumann, the famed Catholic Stigmatic from Bavaria subsisted on no solid food but the Holy Eucharist from 1926 until her death in 1962 some 36 years later. In a biography written about her she stated that numerous times she attempted to eat other things only to have them regurgitate immediately upon attempting to swallow them.

Supernatural Communion
Some saints reportedly received Holy Communion from angels. One example is the visionaries of Our Lady of Fatima receiving the Eucharist from an angel. The angel, "whiter than snow, ... quite transparent, and as brilliant as crystal in the rays of the sun," proffered the Eucharist host and chalice to the Holy Trinity in reparation for the sins committed against Jesus Christ, then administered the Eucharist to the visionaries and instructed them to make acts of reparation. Another example is Saint Faustina receiving the Eucharist from a seraph. At one time, she saw a dazzling seraph dressed in a gold robe, with a transparent surplice and stole, holding a crystal chalice covered in a transparent veil, which he gave Faustina to drink. At another time, when she was doubting, Jesus and a seraph appeared before her. She asked Jesus, but when he did not reply, she asked the seraph if he could hear her confession. The seraph replied, "no spirit in heaven has that power" and administered the Eucharist to her.

Flesh, blood and levitation
The rarest reported types of Eucharistic miracle is where the Eucharist becomes human flesh as in the miracle of Lanciano which some believe occurred at Lanciano, Italy, in the 8th century, or the Eucharist becomes human blood as in the miracle of Santarém which some believe occurred at Santarém, Portugal, in the 13th century. The Catholic Church officially recognized both miracles as authentic. However, a Eucharistic miracle more commonly reported is that of the Bleeding Host, where blood starts to trickle from a consecrated host, the bread consecrated during Mass. Other types of purported miracles include consecrated hosts being preserved for hundreds of years, such as the event of the Miraculous Hosts of Siena. Other miracles include a consecrated host passing through a fire unscathed, stolen consecrated hosts vanishing and turning up in churches, and levitating consecrated hosts.

The Mass at Bolsena, depicted in a famous fresco by Raphael at the Vatican in Rome, was an incident said to have taken place in 1263. A Bohemian priest who doubted the doctrine of transubstantiation celebrated Mass at Bolsena, a town north of Rome. During the Mass the bread of the eucharist began to bleed. The blood from the host fell onto the altar linen in the shape of the face of Jesus as traditionally represented, and the priest came to believe.

In 1264, Pope Urban IV instituted the Feast of Corpus Christi.

There have been numerous other alleged miracles involving consecrated Hosts. Several of these are described below.

A story from Amsterdam, 1345, claims that a priest was called to administer Viaticum to a dying man. He told the family that if the man threw up, they were to take the contents and throw it in the fire. The man threw up, and the family did what the priest had advised them to do. The next morning, one of the women went to rake the fire and noticed the Host sitting on the grate, unscathed and surrounded by a light. It had apparently passed into both the man's digestive system and the fire unscathed. The story is commemorated with an annual silent procession through central Amsterdam.

According to another story, a farmer in Bavaria took a consecrated Host from Mass to his house, believing that it would bring him and his family good fortune. However he was plagued by the feeling that what he had done was very wrong and turned to go back to the church to confess his sin. As he turned, the Host flew from his hand, floated in the air and landed on the ground. He searched for it, but he could not see it. He went back accompanied by many villagers and the priest who bent to pick up the Host, having seen it from some distance off. It again flew up into the air, floated, and fell to the ground and disappeared. The bishop was informed and he came to the site and bent to pick up the Host. Again it flew into the air, remained suspended for an extended time, fell to the ground and disappeared.

An alleged 1370 Brussels miracle involves an allegation of host desecration; someone attempted to stab several Hosts, but they miraculously bled and were otherwise unharmed. The Hosts were venerated in later centuries.

Caesarius of Heisterbach recounts various tales of Eucharistic miracles in his book Dialogue on Miracles; most of the stories he tells are from word of mouth. They include Gotteschalk of Volmarstein who saw an infant in the Eucharist, a priest from Wickindisburg who saw the Host turn into raw flesh, and a man from Hemmenrode who saw an image of a crucified Jesus and blood dripping from the Host. All of these images, however, eventually reverted into the Host. Caesarius also recounts more extraordinary tales, such as bees creating a shrine to Jesus after a piece of the Eucharist was placed in a beehive, a church that was burnt to ashes while the pyx containing the Eucharist was still intact,  and a woman who found the Host transformed into congealed blood after she stored it in a box.

In 2016, in Aalst, a small town in Flanders (Belgium), a 200-year-old eucharistic host in a monstrance, suddenly showed blood red colour. On 7 July at 17:45 this Eucharistic host spontaneously started colouring, in the presence of several witnesses. The phenomenon occurred in the home of Father Eric Jacqmin, a member of the SSPX. Professor Liesbeth Jacxsens has offered to scientifically investigate the host and thinks the colour could be caused by Serratia marcescens, Monilia sitophila or Oidium.

Appearance of image of Jesus
Two eucharistic miracles were reported in the 21st century in Kerala, India. One was at Chirattakonam in Kollam district, and the other was at Vilakkannur in Naduvil. In both cases, an image that resembles Jesus appeared on consecrated host.

Carlo Acutis list
Carlo Acutis was an English-born Italian Catholic youth and website designer, who is best known for documenting Eucharistic miracles around the world and cataloguing them onto a website which he created before his death from leukemia. The following list shows some of these miracles:

title: Eucharistic miracle


text:
Canadian National Basketball League

The Canadian National Basketball League (CNBL) was a professional basketball league based in southern Ontario aiming to attract Canadian players who played overseas to join their league. In November 2002 they announced their inaugural season would be in the spring-summer of 2003. The CNBL made this announcement around the same time the Canadian Baseball League announced their schedule. Their inaugural season was later postponed until the summer of 2004. The league ceased operations sometime in 2004 with only playing a few exhibition games.

Teams
The CNBL had 6 teams, all based in southern Ontario

 * The Brantford Blaze, based in Brantford, Ontario, renamed themselves the Brantford Connexion and joined the Ontario Professional Basketball Association (OPBA) after the league ceased operations.
 * The Durham Dragons, based in Durham Regional Municipality, Ontario, with a possible affiliation to an athletic organization. They currently operate a basketball camp.
 * The London Orion, based in London, Ontario, joined the OPBA after the league ceased operations. They also operate a basketball camp.
 * The Toronto Metro Xpress, based in Toronto, Ontario, currently operate a basketball camp.
 * The Waterloo Wildhawks, based in Waterloo Regional Municipality, Ontario, currently operate a basketball camp.
 * The Windsor Drive, based in Windsor, Ontario, currently operate a basketball camp.

title: Canadian National Basketball League


text:
Centroplacus

Centroplacus is a genus of the family Centroplacaceae. It was formerly classified in the Phyllanthaceae and given its own tribe, the Centroplaceae. It contains a single species, Centroplacus glaucinus.

General information
C. glaucinus is an understorey tree, usually at low elevations, growing up to 20 metres tall; a dioecious species, flowers unisexual (male and female forms).

Range
Centroplacus occurs in West tropical Africa (Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon).

title: Centroplacus


text:
Knowle

Knowle may refer to:

Places in England

 * Knowle, Bristol, a district and council ward of Bristol
 * Knowle West, a neighbourhood in the south of Bristol, adjacent to Knowle
 * Knowle, Devon, a village in Braunton parish
 * Knowle, Budleigh Salterton, a location in Devon
 * Knowle, Copplestone, a location in Devon
 * Knowle, Cullompton, a location in Devon
 * Knowle, Hampshire, a village
 * Knowle Halt railway station
 * Knowle, Shropshire, a village
 * Knowle, West Midlands, a village
 * Knowle F.C., a football club
 * Knowle St Giles, village and parish in Somerset

People with the surname

 * Julian Knowle (born 1974), Austrian tennis player

title: Knowle


text:
User:Truth aspirant

Truth aspirant is as the name shows - wants to stop people from character assassination and from making false accusations. Wikipedia is a great project and must be kept clean and unbiased as much as possible. Information about personalities should be given but it should be information and not allegations and accusations. People willing to do that must go somewhere else and keep wikipedia project what it has been conceived to be.

title: User:Truth aspirant