text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Stub sorting/Proposals/Archive1

mining-stub
We may need this new stub class, re digging holes, not re laying landmines. Anthony Appleyard 06:58, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Mocved to the right place on the page. Do we really have 60 stubs on mining? Can this not be covered by industry-stub for now? Grutness...  wha?  07:12, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

fictional-character-stub (created as fict-char-stub)
I just finished weeding the book-stub category, bringing it down to around 3 1/2 pages(650), and I see the dire need for the abovementioned stub-cat, thereby relieving the fantasy, sf- and lit categories; it sounds a bit heavy and unwieldy, though. Some ideas? Lectonar 11:44, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * This one was mooted before a couple of months back, and wasn't done then because of cross-category problems. You'd have to decide whether you also wanted characters from movies, video games, anime, etc listed in there too. Perhaps fictional-bio-stub would be a better name, or maybe book-character-stub if you were trying to limit the scope of the category. Grutness...  wha?  12:32, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I've been doing some work on some RPG listings (notably Hero Games and those connected) and I'd like to see a stub area for fictional characters as well. I think fictional-character-stub would be serviceable, at least until it became obscenely overcrowded. And then again, many characters appear in multiple media.

 * I think some form of this would be a good idea. I'm not sure exatly which version would be best. DES 21:37, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * How does lit-character-stub sound? I was thinking of lit-bio-stub at first, but that would have probably been taken for lithuania-bio-stub Lectonar 06:14, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I would take lit-bio-stub to mean a biography of a literary figure, a writer or perhaps a patron of writers, not of a fictional character. I would favor fict-char-stub (or fictional-character-stub if you hate abbrevs) if one wants a general category. foir a category related to characters from written fiction only I would tend to fict-book-char-stub or book-char-stub. I like having "fict" in the name it matches several other stubs and gets the poitn across quickly, but perhaps fict-book-char-stub has too many parts to the name? DES 17:18, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * It would have the one advantage that, iuf needed, other stub types could be consistently named with it (fict-film-char-stub, fict-cvg-char-stub, etc). Grutness...  wha?  01:16, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm not really happy with this 4-part stub, so I would still opt fict-char-stub, even if it does include other fictional characters from games et al. Lectonar 11:51, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Personally I'm not sure that cutting across films / video games / book is really that big a problem given that there are a good number of sci-fi / fantasy characters that appear in various media. Different aspects of the characters, for example if a movie char is completely diff from the book, can be dealt with within the article. -- Lochaber 12:06, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

bio-book-stub (Created)
In doing some subsorting within Category:Book stubs I have found a number of biographies and autobiographies. Currently the best tag for these is nonfiction-book-stub but that is already a large category on its own. We already have Category:Autobiographies and Category:Biographies so a parallel stub type seems reasonable. People sometimes incorrectly use bio-stub which is of course for articels that are biographies, not for articles about biographies. Whether a separate autobio-book-stub should be created specifically for autobiographies, I'm not sure. Brief searching through Category:Biographies and a google search on biography + Book + stub and one on autobiography + Book + stub and one on autobiographical + stub produced the following list of articles that could wll be taged with this new stub tag. More could easily be found.

Dreams Die Hard Sex and the Single Girl Nervous Conditions Bring On the Girls (when written) Emile Save Me the Waltz The Life of Flavius Josephus The English Teacher Papillon (book) Autobiography of a Yogi Iacocca: An Autobiography Everybody's Autobiography My Autobiography (Mussolini) An Autobiography (Nehru) The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin The Autobiography of Charles Darwin The Autobiography of Malcolm X The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas Mary, Queen of Scots (1969 book) Louis Riel: A Comic-Strip Biography Eminent Victorians Life of Johnson The Agony and the Ecstasy Brief Lives Cheaper by the Dozen Disco Bloodbath Hello, I Must Be Going! (biography) Marquis Who's Who Prithvirajaraso The Real Lincoln The Secret Life Of A Satanist Who's Who (UK) Wild Swans On Famous Women

the above by DESiegel Lectonar
 * Ooops sorry I forgot to sign this. DES 17:26, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

 * As I mentioned above, I've been doing the whole book-stub list, but refrained to sort them into the nonfiction category, so I would go along with with you here; I don't think there is a need for an auto-bio-stub, though. This said, I've haven't the faintest idea how to name it Lectonar 06:20, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The reason I sugested a separate stub type for autobiographies was that I seemed to encounter about as many autobiography stubs as stubs about regular biographies, and we have separate categories for the non-stub articles, as i mentioned above. We could certianly start with bio-book-stub and split if we feel a need later. DES 17:26, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Whatever is decided, note needs to be taken of book-char-stub oir whatever it's to be called, immediately above here. We don't want to get the two mixed up! Grutness...  wha?  01:18, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Absolutely. The two should work together. With luck they will make it possible to clear out book-stub quite a bit. DES 15:44, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Along with this, should there be a stub type for historical novels? I have noticed a fair number of them in book-stub, although i haven't done a count yet. I note that Category:Historical novels does exist. DES 19:52, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I concur with this; Proposal : let's have a go with bio-book-stub and perhaps hist-book-stub (btw, I don't see a problem there to include nonfiction historical books; there aren't that many around anyway) I won't be online for 2 days, though Lectonar 11:43, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

I created the above stub type since there seems no objectiosn, and went through the above list of articles. More will no doubt be added to this type shortly. Now what do people think about hist-book-stub?

The above by DES Lectonar 12:12, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm not entirely convinced about having historical fiction and history texts in the same category... is there any way of avoiding that? Grutness...  wha?  00:35, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

units-stub
How about a stub which will deal contain various units articles, like batman (mass measure), Picolitre, Oka (measure), which are now number stubs? This category would then be a subcategory of Category:Number stubs.

My motivation would be that units are not exactly numbers. Opinions? Oleg Alexandrov 22:34, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * This already exists as standard-stub - not the best name, but it covers things like units of measurement, ISO codes, and test specifications. Grutness...  wha?  02:34, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, that would not apply to old units of weight and such. I think a units-stub would be more appropriate. Oleg Alexandrov 06:31, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Actually, it does apply - just because they're not current standards doesn't mean they weren't once - if you have a look in the category you'll find lots of units in there (Acre foot, Butt (unit), Carat (mass), Carat (purity), Cumec, Cusec, Dol... and about a dozen or so others). I';m not sure there's enough for a separate category, although Category:Standards stubs could do with re-naming (to Category:Measurement stubs, perhaps?) Grutness...  wha?  06:57, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Update: I've sent Standard-stub and its category across to sfd for possible renaming to measurement-stub, which should more unambiguously cover units. Grutness...  wha?  08:45, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

google-stub

 * moved to the correct place - this was up at the top of the July section Grutness...  wha?

There are so many google articles, most stubs. They need a Category special for themselves --Nathan8225 01:48, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * There are? What is a google stub - a stub relating to Google? Can there possibly be more than a handful of these? I don't think I've ever seen any... Grutness...  wha?  05:38, 16 July 2005 (UTC)

accounting-stub
I created this before I even knew we were supposed to ask first - sorry. Giving everyone a heads-up about it here so it can be properly discussed. Basically, I wanted to know more about double-entry book-keeping, but a lot of the articles for the specialized terms (like Normal balance and Expense) seemed pretty stubby and opaque. However, there wasn't an accounting-related stub already, so I created one, because it's something pretty much only accountants or accounting scholars would know a lot about. There are at least a few articles that are in the Accounting category but that have an econ-stub on them. Plenty of people probably don't think of themselves as experts on economics or finance, but know a lot about accounting (which is distinct from both); they should be given a chance to find these accounting-specific articles and improve them. --Skoosh 02:08, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

Comment: Here are some candidates, all drawn from Category:Accounting, and which either I have judged to be stubs or have already been marked as econ-stubs. --Skoosh 02:49, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Account
 * Accounting information system
 * Accounts payable
 * Accounts receivable
 * Annual report
 * Appreciation
 * Association of Chartered Certified Accountants
 * Assurance services
 * Audit Bureau of Circulations
 * Audit committee
 * Audit regime
 * Bad debt
 * Balance sheet
 * Big Four auditors
 * Bill (payment)
 * Cash flow
 * Cash flow statement
 * Certified Management Accountant
 * Certified general accountant
 * Chinese accounting standards
 * Controller (accounting)
 * Corporate action
 * Cost accrual ratio
 * Cost centre
 * Cost of goods sold (currently proposed for merger with Cost of sales)
 * Credit Memo
 * Creditor
 * Cultural references to accountants
 * Current asset
 * Current liability
 * And that looks like just A-C. If the rest of the alphabet have that many, I don't see any problem. Anyone else? Grutness...  wha?  09:53, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

 * This was added to the stub types list today by User:Renata3 but for some strange reason they renamed it to acc-stub. I have left a note on their taslk page, asking why. --TheParanoidOne 20:26, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

compu-lang-stub
I changed the main category of this stub from Category:Computer science to Category:Programming languages. --R.Koot 21:11, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Seems like a reasonable move - although I don't suppose there's any reason why it can't feed into both... Grutness...  wha?  01:03, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Which is probably why you have an MSc. in psychology instead of computer science ;) --R.Koot 01:46, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Point taken :) Grutness...  wha?  05:17, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

UK-constituency-stub
I noticed that Category:British politics stubs is completely overloaded with parliamentary constituency articles (there are 643 constituencies and most of the articles are stubs) - it makes it extremely difficult to browse through that category for those not interested in constituencies, and there are so many they deserve their own stub in my opinion. The related wikiproject for these articles is WikiProject UK Parliament constituencies. -- Joolz 00:23, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm rather keen to get started on this, are there any objections to me doing so? -- Joolz 20:13, 29 July 2005 (UTC)
 * There haven't been any since you rased the idea, so it seems fairly safe to say "go for it!" Grutness...  wha?
 * I'm glad you said that, since I'd already started by the time you said that I think ;) There were 595 (updated, I'd missed some! -- Joolz 20:05, 31 July 2005 (UTC)) constituency stubs and there are now 58 articles left over with UK-poli-stub :) -- Joolz 18:12, 31 July 2005 (UTC)

Wisconsin stubs
In line with current stub architecture, I propose creating   as a subcategory of the existing   . This will also act as a subcategory for so that stubs on Wisconsin geographical features will not have to have both tags. The newly-formed WikiProject Wisconsin will help destubify both of these stubs. I volunteer to mark all necessary articles with this tag. More than 50 articles will initial populate this stub category, with more stubs being formed as a result of the new wikiproject. --BaronLarf 00:04, July 25, 2005 (UTC)

 * Sounds reasonable. --TheParanoidOne 05:24, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment - last count showed just 39 Wisconsin-geo-stubs in the US midwest category, but there is a WP. Grutness...  wha?  06:00, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Update - since that tally was done a month ago the number has risen to a much healthier 67 in the Midwest geo-stub category. Grutness...  wha?  13:31, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

Horseracing-stub
I'd like to recommend the creation of this stub. Responding to Stub: I was motivated to recommend this stub when I found Rox dene on Special:Newpages. The article is clearly a stub, but I could find no clear stub category to place it in. Rox Dene is not a racing horse, but I found that if she were, there's no stub to add to the article that is truly appropriate. sports-stub is simply too generic. mammal-stub (Assault (horse) and others were placed in this stub-cat), is more related to species definition than anything. Further, looking at Top 100 U.S. thoroughbred champions of the 20th Century, there are 69 horses on that list alone that do not have articles and stand a good chance of being stubs when created. Taking a look at Category:Horse racing tracks in the United States, there are just 13 articles there. There are innummerable tracks in the U.S. alone, much less the world. These may generate 100s of stubs in the future, with little in the way of stub-sorting to help matters. I'm scratching the surface here, as there are quite a number of famed people in this realm as well, including jockeys (ex: Category:American jockeys), trainers (ex: Category:American horse trainers and owners (ex: Bob Baffert) which areas have and will generate many stubs. --Durin 19:17, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) No current stub exists to cover this topic.
 * 2) Horse racing would be a well defined stub area; anything horse racing related (such as tracks, horses, trainers, etc) could qualify.
 * 3) The new category would cover some areas of existing stubs, and create a well-defined stub category area.
 * 4) I expect the stub category to potentially cover hundreds of stubs over the long term. Near term, I found quite a few candidates from Category:Racehorses alone, such as Aristides (racehorse) and Assault (horse).
 * 5) The new stub would not overlap with other stubs; no existing stub does anything like a good job of addressing this stub category.
 * 6) I believe the new stub will significantly reduce sports-stub, and reduce confusion about stub sorting of a variety of article types including horses, tracks, and people related to horse racing.
 * sport-stub may be to generic, but it would be the one to use here; horseracing-stub may be to specific, but would something like equestrian-stub do? Lectonar 10:19, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Perhaps, but I'm thinking that's still too generic. Equestrian sports covers a very, very large area well in excess of the horse racing sub set. There are thousands of farms dedicated to breeding, raising, and training horses for sporting events that do not involve racing. Similarly, there are many events of this type (think Dressage and Rodeo for examples). Horse racing is a sub set of equestrian sporting events that covers a very large area on its own. I thought of the possibility similar to what you suggest, but felt the stub would become just too expansive, much like the sport-stub is now. --Durin 13:45, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

 * We must keep in mind that a stub is an editing aid (Imho), and so is needed only when the amount of stubs pertaining to it reach a certain level (about 60-100), so you can't count the articles that may be created in the future. Btw, the jockeys may go in the sportbio-stub Lectonar 13:59, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * In my response to (4) above, I noted that I found many candidates. I had considered going through all those horses to find stub candidates that would fit the criteria for this stub, and that's just horses. I didn't do that because it was so time consuming an endeavour. Are you suggesting I do that to support creation of this stub template? I can assure you I can find plenty of stubs that would fit within this category. I would hope you're not suggesting I find at least 60 candidates before we can define this stub. --Durin 16:17, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I went ahead and compiled a list of existing candidate articles for this stub. You may view the list at User:Durin/Horseracing-stub. In total, I found 140 articles in my review, which was not comprehensive. --Durin 21:01, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * In response to the suggestion of using sportbio-stub for jockeys: Yes, that's true. I think in the future there will be room for jockeybio-stub, but there's not enough articles to support that at this time. So, the jockey bios should, at a minimum, go into sportbio-stub as you suggest. However, they will be hopelessly lost in the quagmire that is that category, which currently has 1800+ articles. Having this proposed stub would help to direct efforts on these articles. --Durin 21:19, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I would also like to point out Stub item #2, where it says "Remember that using stubs categories is a way to facilitate article expansion." Right now, a person with knowledge of horse racing has no ready tool to help them identify articles related to this large international sport. Who would ever look to mammal-stub to find horse stubs to work on (which itself has 500+ stubs in category)? Some stub sorting could help here, but where do you put horses? Similarly, where do you put racetracks, races, trainers, owners, farms, etc. in any sense that relates to horse racing? It would still be scattershot. By having this stub, we provide a tool whereby someone with knowledge on this sport can find relevant stubs. Without it, there is nothing available that makes sense. In reviewing the status of various articles for the user subpage noted above, I found a stunning (given the fame, money and history of this sport) lack of information, poor organization and number of missing articles. Having this stub would help to cleanup this dirty corner of Wikipedia by directing the efforts of people with knowledge of this sport. --Durin 21:01, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I suppose Newbury Racecourse would qualify for the stub as well? (all the races listed are stubs too) I'd have thought equestrian-stub would be better though, although it would be harder to spell. -- Joolz 01:27, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes, Newbury Racecourse would qualify for the stub. The UK-struct-stub has ~765 stubs in it. That's a bit unwieldy. Adding a horseracing-stub would help gain focus on articles within the UK stub that are horse racing related. I'm concerned about equestrian-stub being far too expansive to be a reasonable stub category. There are millions upon millions of horses in the world. Only a small percentage of those are involved in racing, yet the racing area is large enough in itself to warrant a stub (as observed by the sub page where I noted 140 articles that would qualify for horseracing-stub). I fear creating equestrian-stub without at least creating horseracing-stub would be like creating a notional ballsports-stub and insisting all baseball, basketball, American football, football, rugby, tennis and more stubs be included in it. It would be unfocused. --Durin 02:45, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Something is definitely needed. At the moment, racecourses tend to get geo-stub or struct-stub, and I've even had to resort to giving famous racehorses bio-stub before now. Trouble with the term equestrian is that it brings to mind show-jumping rather than horse racing. For that reason I'd prefer horseracing-stub, with a possible subsidiary horseracingbio-stub which - if cleverly worded - could accommodate both the people and the horses involved. Grutness...  wha?  02:20, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I concur with your statements regarding equestrian vs. horseracing. See my notes above also, where I noted Dressage and Rodeo as other events/horses/people within a notional equestrian-stub template. horseracing-bio-stub seems a bit long though. Stub policy allows for two stub templates max per stub article. I think having a sportsbio-stub and horseracing-stub for jockeys, owners and trainers would cover this base. What do you think? Saying "biography" in relation to a horse seems...strange :) m-w.com counts biography in relation to an animal as acceptable usage though. --Durin 02:45, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

horseracingbio-stub, not horseracing-bio-stub (my fault). But it should still be something shorter. jockey-stub makes sense, but cuts out trainers etc... how about turf-stub and turfbio-stub? Or is that too ambiguous? Grutness...  wha?  10:41, 28 July 2005 (UTC) I've done considerably more work on User:Durin/Horseracing-stub. That page now lists 225 articles as candidates for this stub. Of note; 96 of those articles are currently listed at the over-burdened sport-stub category. If the horseracing-stub were created, it would reduce the load on sport-stub 8.5% (after the stub sorting was done, which I'm willing to do). To any doubters that the proposed stub is too specific; I think we're clearly well beyond that consideration given the presence of at least 225 articles that would qualify. --Durin 18:16, 29 July 2005 (UTC)
 * turf-nnnnnn ...'turf' does seem ambiguous. The term 'turf' is used in other sports as well. For example, AstroTurf and Artificial turf. Looking at WikiProject_Stub_sorting/Stub_types under Sportspeople stubs, your suggestion of horseracingbio-stub fits the pattern, even if it's a bit long. I can't see that there's a way to shorten it though and still have it make sense. Are we settling then on horseracing-stub and horseracingbio-stub both being created? If we create both, do you think we should put horses in the former or the latter? I'm inclined towards the former, and let the bio stub take care of jockeys, trainers, owners and any other human generally associated with the sport. The non-bio stub would then cover horses, tracks, races, farms and anything else not covered by the bio stub. What do you think? --Durin 13:49, 28 July 2005 (UTC)
 * OK - I think we're all convinced :). Grutness...  wha?  01:50, 30 July 2005 (UTC)

chemist-stub *created*
Scientist stubs is 6 pages. I'd guess there's atleast 100 suitable stubs, between that category, and unsorted ones in People stubs. --Mairi 01:14, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I would like to have this, and the one below. Paul J 11:22, 28 July 2005 (UTC)

Created. --Mairi 05:38, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

physicist-stub *created*
Similar reasoning as for chemist stub; I'd guess there's atleast 100 stubs that'd go in here. --Mairi 01:14, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

created --Mairi 05:39, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

Ireland-bio-stub *created*
I would like to propose a biography stub, specifically for the people of Ireland. I've come across a few articles deserving of such a stub, such as John T. Browne and Seán Haughey. Both of them were politicians, so I used that stub instead. Other countries have their own biography stubs. It's only right that the Irish have theirs as well. Thank you for taking the time to read my proposal. If anyone notices other stub articles about residents of Ireland, please add them to this list. --Ryan 01:50, July 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Sounds perfectly reasonable, as long as it can be well populated (which I should think qould be no trouble). Surprised it hasn't already been made, in fact. Grutness...  wha?  02:11, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the support! I found two more candidates: Patrick Lindsay and Seán Moylon. Again, both are politicians, but from Ireland nonetheless. At this rate, perhaps we should add an Irish politician stub. --Ryan 05:18, July 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * I would say: green lights; btw, Seán Haughey is only a stub? Isn't there a new book about him out? Lectonar 06:11, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Sorry, my fault, I was thinking of Charles J. Haughey Lectonar
 * There's another one at Jean Butler Lectonar
 * Thank you so much! Ryan 08:28, July 27, 2005 (UTC)

 * Since there haven't been any objections, can I go ahead and create it? Ryan 07:31, August 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * It's supposed to be a week of debate, but if anyone was going to object chances are they'd have done so by now, so I don't think there'd be much concern with it being done 36 hours early. Use one of the other bio-stub categories and templates as, erm, templates for what to do (one like Norway-bio-stub looks well formed), and remember to add it to the stub type list. Oh, and BTW - Finian Lynch is another one! Grutness...  wha?  08:46, 1 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks. :P Ryan 10:20, August 1, 2005 (UTC)

 * Created. It took an hour for me to figure out what I was doing. :) Ryan 11:05, August 1, 2005 (UTC)


text:
Wikipedia:People by year/Reports/No other categories/1/Da

Dac-Dai

 * Simon Dach (1605-1659)
 * Charlotte Dacre (1782-1842)
 * Dadasaheb Phalke (1870-1994), Indian_people_stubs,
 * James Dadford (born 1769), People_stubs,
 * Thomas Dadford (died 1809)
 * Al-Jazuli Daf'allah (born 1935), Politician_stubs,
 * Douglas Daft (born 1943), People_stubs,
 * Dafydd ab Owain Gwynedd (died 1203)
 * Dagmar (1921-2001), Television_biographical_stubs,
 * Steve Dagora (born 1922)
 * Tessa Dahl (born 1957), Actor_stubs,
 * Mohammed Dahlan (born 1961)
 * Edward Dahlberg (1900-1977), Literature_stubs,
 * Friedrich Christoph Dahlmann (1785-1860)
 * Frederick Dainton, Baron Dainton (1914-1997)

Dal-Dam

 * Karl Theodor Anton Maria von Dalberg (1744-1817), 1911_Britannica,
 * Stephen Daldry (born 1961), People_stubs,
 * Robert William Dale (1829-1895)
 * George Dalgarno (1626-1687), British_people_stubs,
 * Angelo Dalli (born 1978)
 * Roque Dalton (1935-1975)
 * Edward (Ned) Daly (1891-1916)
 * John Lawrence Daly (1943-2004), People_stubs,
 * Marcus Daly (1841-1900), Business_bio_stubs,
 * Archibald Dalzel (1740-1811), People_stubs,
 * Joseph Damer (1718-1798)
 * Jean Philibert Damiron (1794-1862)
 * Cathryn Damon (1930-1987), People_stubs,
 * Frank Damrosch (born 1859)

Dan-Dao

 * Dana A. Dorsey (1872-1940)
 * Bill Dana (born 1924), Comedian_stubs,
 * Herbert Danby (1899-1953)
 * Florent Carton Dancourt (1661-1725), 1911_Britannica,
 * Serge Daney (1944-1992)
 * Thomas Dangerfield (1650-1685), 1911_Britannica,
 * Annette Daniels (1961-2004)
 * Joe Daniels (born 1970)
 * John Dennis Daniels (1957-2003)
 * Jonathan Myrick Daniels (1939-1965)
 * Lennox Danielson (1904-1996)
 * Yuri III Danilovich (1281-1325), Russian_people_stubs,
 * Jean Daninos (1906-2001)
 * Piet Dankert (1934-2003)
 * Monika Dannemann (1946-1996), People_stubs,
 * Funny van Dannen (born 1958)
 * Danny Nalliah (born 1964)
 * Count Dante (1939-1975)
 * Tamara Danz (1952-1996)
 * Allen Danzinger (born 1957), American_actor_stubs,
 * Daoji (1130-1209), Religious_biography_stubs,

Dar-Dau

 * Jean Dara (1862-1944)
 * Henry Darcy (1803-1858)
 * Sabine Dardenne (born 1983)
 * Sergey Mikhaylovich Darkin (born 1963)
 * Devaughn Darling (1982-2001)
 * Grace Darling (1815-1842)
 * Sidney Darlington (1906-1997)
 * Richard Darman (born 1943), People_stubs,
 * Peter Darrell (1929-1987)
 * Augustin Alexandre Darthé (1769-1797)
 * Pierre Antoine Noël Bruno, comte Daru (1767-1829), 1911_Britannica,
 * Elizabeth Darwin (1847-1926), People_stubs,
 * Bhagavan Das (born 1945)
 * Jean Dasté (1904-1994)
 * Ernest Daudet (1837-1921), People_stubs,
 * Louis, the Grand Dauphin (1661-1711), European_nobility_stubs,
 * Antoine Dauvergne (1713-1797), Composers_stubs,

Dave

 * John Davenport (clergyman) (1597-1670)
 * Mike Davenport (born 1968), Musician_stubs,
 * Wallace Davenport (1925-2004)

David-Davie

 * David Crighton (1942-2000), Mathematician_stubs, Section_stubs,
 * David Dundas (musician) (born 1945), People_stubs,
 * David Greene (born 1982), American_football_biography_stubs,
 * Craig David (born 1981)
 * Joanna David (born 1947)
 * Mack David (1912-1993)
 * Mike Davis (born 1946), American_people_stubs,
 * Thayer David (1927-1978)
 * Karl Davidov (1838-1889), Musician_stubs,
 * Neil Davidson (born 1950)
 * John Davies of Hereford (1565-1618), A_Short_Biographical_Dictionary_of_English_Literature,
 * Brenda Davies (born 1917), Canadian_people_stubs,
 * Clara Novello Davies (1861-1943)
 * David Davies (industrialist) (1818-1890)
 * Ian Davies (born 1963), People_stubs,
 * John Davies (publisher) (1814-1872), People_stubs,
 * John Henry Davies (died 1927)
 * Nicola Davies (born 1973)
 * Paul Davies (born 1946), Scientist_stubs,
 * R.E.G. Davies (born 1932)

Davis

 * Alice Brown Davis (1852-1935), People_stubs,
 * Ann B. Davis (born 1926)
 * Betty Davis (born 1945)
 * Brad Davis (actor) (1949-1991)
 * David J. Davis (1870-1942), American_politician_stubs,
 * Doug Davis (born 1975)
 * George Davis (armed robber) (born 1941)
 * Jack Davis (athlete) (born 1930), Sportspeople_stubs,
 * Joe W. Davis (1918-1992), American_politician_stubs,
 * John Wesley Davis (1799-1859), American_politician_stubs,
 * Jonathan Davis (born 1971)
 * Lucy Davis (born 1973), British_actor_stubs,
 * Mark E. Davis (born 1968)
 * Mildred Davis (1900-1969)
 * Monnett Bain Davis (1893-1953)
 * Oliver Davis (born 1993)
 * Paige Davis (born 1969), American_actor_stubs,
 * Peter Davis (born 1941)
 * Roger Davis (television actor) (born 1939)
 * Roger Davis (film actor) (1884-1980), Actor_stubs,
 * Sammy Davis, Sr. (1900-1988)
 * Sid Davis (born 1916)
 * Warren R. Davis (1793-1835)
 * Ananias Davisson (1780-1857)
 * Richard Davisson (1922-2004)

Davr-Davy

 * Bobby Davro (born 1959), Comedian_stubs,
 * George Davys (died 1864), British_people_stubs,

Daw-Day

 * Peter Dawson (1882-1961)
 * Benjamin Day (1838-1916)
 * Edmund Ezra Day (1883-1951), University_stubs,
 * William L. Dayton (1807-1864), People_stubs,

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Khersones (ship)

The Khersones or Chersones is a Crimean three-mast tall ship, a full-rigged ship. It was built in 1989 in Gdańsk Shipyard, Poland, in a series of six sister ships (among which also the Mir), after the designs of Polish naval architect Zygmunt Choreń. The ship is named after the city of Chersonesus an ancient city and archaeological site near Sevastopol.

She partakes in many windjammer regattas. In 1997, it became the first Ukrainian ship to sail around Cape Horn by only using her sails.

From 1991 to 2006 Khersones was a training ship for the Admiral Ushakov Maritime State University in Kerch, Crimea. At the same time, it was rented to the tourism company Inmaris Maritime Service GmbH as a cruise ship. This agreement was terminated in 2006 as Inmaris accused the Ukrainian side of refusing to pay for repairs that Inmaris had ordered, and to avoid an arrest on the vessel, it was then moved permanently to the docks in the Port of Kerch.

After the Russian occupation of Crimea in 2014, the ship was seized by Russian authorities. A dispute over control of the ship began between the Federal Agency for Fishery of Russia and the Ministry of Transport, with the Ministry gaining the upper hand with its subsidiary FGUP Rosmorport. In 2015 the ship traveled to the Sevastopol Shipyard for repairs, and later made its home port in the city due to the construction of the Crimean Bridge near Kerch. Khersones took part in "SCF Black Sea Tall Ships Regatta – 2016".

title: Khersones (ship)


text:
Leo Burt

Leo Frederick Burt (born April 18, 1948) is an American man indicted in connection with the August 24, 1970 Sterling Hall bombing at the University of Wisconsin–Madison campus, a protest against the Vietnam War. The bombing killed physics researcher Robert Fassnacht and injured several others. Burt was reportedly involved in making and planting the bomb. He has been a fugitive from justice since 1970 and his status and whereabouts are unknown.

Early life and education
Born in Darby, Pennsylvania, Burt grew up in a Catholic family in Havertown, Pennsylvania. He attended St. Denis Parochial School and Monsignor Bonner High School, an all-boys school, where he was an athlete. He enrolled at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, where he was involved in varsity crew. After being cut from the team, he became more active in journalism and student politics, working at the campus newspaper, The Daily Cardinal, with future fellow bomber David Fine.

Burt became radicalized after being beaten by a policeman while covering a protest against the Kent State shootings.

Sterling Hall bombing
The bombing of Sterling Hall on the campus of the University of Wisconsin on August 24, 1970, killed Robert Fassnacht, a postdoctoral physics researcher, and injured three others. It also caused $2.1 million in damage. Burt was reportedly involved in making and planting the bomb and also introduced his fellow bombers David Fine and Karl Armstrong to one another in July 1970.

Life as fugitive and indictment
Burt and his associates fled to Canada where they were tracked by the FBI. One of the last times he was heard from was August 30, 1970, when he and David Fine escaped from their apartment building in Peterborough, Ontario, Canada, as the police closed in on them. Burt left behind a wallet with a fake ID using an alias of Eugene Donald Fieldston. Burt was indicted by the federal government on September 2, 1970, for sabotage, destruction of government property, and conspiracy. Despite having been on the FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives list for six years (September 4, 1970, to April 7, 1976), Burt has not been captured and is still at large, with an FBI reward of $150,000 outstanding for information leading to his arrest. In addition to the federal charges, there are state charges still pending against Burt.

In 2010, near the fortieth anniversary of the bombing, several tips on Burt's possible location were received by the FBI, including a sighting at a Denver homeless shelter. Some have speculated that he could be in the St. Catharines area of Ontario, an area he had visited during summers in his youth.

In media
The 1979 documentary film The War at Home  focused on the anti-war movement in Madison, including the Sterling Hall bombing.

On September 29, 2007, Burt was featured on the Fox television series America's Most Wanted as the "Ghost of Wisconsin".

An episode of the Travel Channel's Mysteries at the Museum, first aired on May 29, 2012, examined the Sterling Hall bombing and highlighted that Burt remained at large.

title: Leo Burt


text:
User:Doktorbuk

* *

/notepad/pp

Who I Am
I am a 44 years old office monkey. I travel, but not far. You'll find me in the kitchen at parties.

Wikipedia and I
I have been editing, creating pages, amending articles and the like since August 2004. I embarked on bringing the category as up to date as I can, but my general interests have also meant I have been amending national flags, band articles and Olympic information.

Whilst I don't think I can count the number of UK railway station articles created back when almost every line was missing, I worked on almost all northern branch lines to at least an acceptable stub level. Although this part of Wikipedia is not at the forefront of my attention, I continue to monitor them for updates and tinkering.

One of my proudest moment is getting Sark general election, 2008 created and then put on the In The News (and the front page!). Since then, I appear to have become part of the fixtures and fittings of the In The News section and its connected purposes.

I am a deletionist. I have managed, or supported, the deletion of non-notable political party articles over many years, and in 2020 managed to get deleted through AfD a handful of political party articles which had no justification or reason to be on here. I have received some opposition to my view that political party articles often fail GNG and ORG policies. However, the increasing number of successful AfDs proves me correct and my opponents wrong. Wikipedia is NOT a gazetteer of political parties. I have successfully enabled the deletion of political party articles which fail WP:GNG, including the Patriotic Socialist Party, Friends Party, Radical Party, Christian Democratic Party, Independent Green Voice, Miss Great Britain Party, Freedom Alliance, and Free Scotland Party, amongst others. It's far too easy to register with the Electoral Commission and far too easy to create an article. I will always keep an eye out for articles that don't meet notability standards.

I'm an unsuccessful ArbCom and Admin nominee. I nominated myself for a role on the Arbitration panel for 2006, but had no confidence at all in success. This seems to be one of the reasons why the Support/Object ratio was something like 8:94 =) You win some...and you lose big time on the whole!

The biggest project I attempted - Constituencies in the next United Kingdom general election was a pleasure and a pain. Having created many of the new constituency articles for the House of Commons, I have endeavoured to do the same for the Scottish Parliament election, 2011. I spend much of my time on political and constituency articles - the 2021 Hartlepool by-election is the taking most of my current attention. You'll see much of my work at Sixth Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, 2021 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies and related pages, particularly constituency articles for UK general elections.

In total, I have created and amended a whole host of articles. My love of trivia brought me here, but some of the more technical elements - such as templates and tables - are leaving me a bit confused. I still live in hope I can get help in this regard.

In so many regards, I am a Pisces. For the avoidance of doubt, I'm not a health industry shill. For further reassurance, I have not been a member of a political party for over a decade.

Proposed deletion of 2025 PDC World Darts Championship

The article 2025 PDC World Darts Championship has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Not mentioned yet"

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. ArtiK-99 (talk) 15:02, 4 May 2024 (UTC)

title: User:Doktorbuk


text:
Talk:Arch Pafford

Untitled
my source - the right fight, bernard lord and the conservative dillema. a book by jaques poitras

title: Talk:Arch Pafford


text:
Tambellup, Western Australia

The townsite of Tambellup is located in the Great Southern region of Western Australia, 317 km south-east of Perth on the Great Southern Highway where it crosses the Gordon River. It is 23 km south of Broomehill.

The area around Tambellup was first settled by pastoralists in the late 1840s, and in 1849 the Surveyor General, John Septimus Roe, when passing through the area, referred to Morrison's south west station at "Tambul-yillup". The area was later settled by the Norrish family, and the spelling commonly used for the place then was "Tambellelup". When the Great Southern Railway was opened in 1889 a station was established at Tambellup, and it appears that the shortened version of the name was created by the railway, as the timetable in 1889 uses the "Tambellup" spelling. Tambellup was gazetted a townsite in 1899. The meaning of this Aboriginal name is not known, although one source gives it as "place of thunder" (from Toombellanup). Another explanation is that Tambellup means "the place of many Tammars", Tammar being the Noongar word for a small marsupial that used to frequent the area.

Tambellup's main street is Norrish Street, named after its first European settler, Josiah Norrish (1841-1884), who in 1872 was attracted to the area by its large stands of Santalum spicatum (commonly known as sandalwood). Today, the main industry in Tambellup is sheep farming, while sandalwood continues as a distant second. Much of the sandalwood is exported, and used in the manufacture of joss sticks.

The Gordon River has flooded several times since Tambellup was established. The first recorded flood was in 1913, then again in 1937, then a major flood in 1955 when the river rose 6 m resulting in some parts of the town being 1 m underwater.

In January 1982, a decaying tropical cyclone passed over the catchment area feeding the Gordon River causing it to flood the town. Much of the town, including the main street, was covered to a depth of about 1 m.

The surrounding areas produce wheat and other cereal crops. The town is a receival site for Cooperative Bulk Handling.

title: Tambellup, Western Australia


text:
Worldloppet Ski Federation

The Worldloppet Ski Federation is an international federation of long distance cross-country skiing events whose aim is to promote cross-country skiing through ski races. The federation was founded on 10 June 1978 in Uppsala, Sweden.

Locations
Only one and the best race from a country can be a member of Worldloppet. There are (written 2015) 20 races, spread amongst Europe, America, Asia and Australia:

Racing distances
Actual racing distances may vary from year to year according to the local snow conditions, but usually, there are different categories: full distance (at least 42 km, the length of a non-skiing marathon (26 miles)) and shorter ones for children and less experienced skiers. For Vasaloppet, the oldest of the races, the full distance is about 90 km. Some races are freestyle (both skating and classic are allowed), but others only permit classic style.

Worldloppet Master
Those who complete Worldloppet races in 10 different countries, at least one of which is from a continent other than Europe, qualify as a Worldloppet Master. They qualify for Worldloppet Gold Master if they have completed 10 main races, or a Silver Master if they have competed 10 races where some or all of them are short races. As of October 2019, more than 5,000 master titles have been issued.

title: Worldloppet Ski Federation


text:
Talk:HMS Guardian (1932)

Is there anybody around that served on this ship? Please leave message. My father served towards the end of the war. I have a few photographs taken at the time. lee.hotson@ntlworld.com

copyright issues
This article was flagged as having similar wording to this page. I checked with that website, who confirmed that the Wikipedia content predated theirs. They are taking steps to attribute the material on their site. SPhilbrick (Talk)  19:45, 9 July 2012 (UTC)

Gunnery photography
There is no indication in article what "gunnery photography" was or when during her life she was engaged in it. Described on the HMS Guardian dab page as a "photographic ship", whatever that means. Davidships (talk) 21:19, 16 March 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:HMS Guardian (1932)


text: User talk:Chyteenya

title: User talk:Chyteenya


text:
Wikipedia:People by year/Reports/No other categories/1/Di-Do

Di

 * Joe DiMaggio, Jr (1941-1999)
 * Joey DiPaolo (born 1979)

Dia-Did

 * Gregg Diamond (1949-1999), People_stubs,
 * Jim Diamond (born 1953)
 * Lou Diamond (1890-1951)
 * Maria Berenice Dias (born 1948)
 * Joe Diaz (born 1938)
 * Yamila Diaz (born 1976), People_stubs,
 * Lincoln Diaz-Balart (born 1954)
 * Mario Diaz-Balart (born 1961)
 * Yamila Diaz-Rahi (born 1977)
 * Thomas John Dibdin (1771-1841)
 * Anna Elizabeth Dickenson (1842-1932)
 * George H. Dickey (1858-1923), People_stubs,
 * Daniel S. Dickinson (1800-1866)
 * Jimmy Dickinson (1925-1982)
 * Dickran Palulian (born 1938), Artist_stubs,
 * Anne Dickson (born 1928), British_politician_stubs,
 * Ernst Didring (1868-1931)

Die-Dio

 * Diego Clemencín (1765-1834), 1911_Britannica,
 * Paul Diel (1893-1972)
 * Carl Diem (1882-1962)
 * Johnann Heinrich Diemer (1904-1948)
 * Jean Erdman, Baron Dieskau (1701-1767), People_stubs,
 * Dietrich of Nieheim (1345-1418)
 * Howard Dietz (1896-1983)
 * Thomas Dietz (born 1982)
 * Joseph Dietzgen (1828-1888), People_stubs,
 * Everard Digby (1578-1606), British_people_stubs,
 * Charles Wentworth Dilke (Dilke the Elder) (1789-1875), A_Short_Biographical_Dictionary_of_English_Literature, Writer_stubs,
 * Dilley sextuplets (born 1993), People_stubs,
 * Costa Dillon (born 1953), Actor_stubs,
 * Thomas Dilworth (died 1780)
 * Bojan Dimitrijevic (born 1963)
 * Anthony Dimond (1881-1953)
 * Richard Dindo (born 1944), People_stubs,
 * Herbert Dingle (1890-1978)
 * Ulisse Dini (1845-1918), Mathematician_stubs,
 * Xhemil Dino (born 1894), Politician_stubs,
 * Madison & Brooke Dinsmore (born 1998)
 * Kara DioGuardi (born 1970)

Dip-Diz

 * Kenneth Diplock, Baron Diplock (1907-1985), Law_stubs, People_stubs,
 * Johann Conrad Dippel (1673-1734), Religious_biography_stubs,
 * Roman Dirge (born 1972)
 * Oskar Dirlewanger (1895-1945)
 * Xu Dishan (1893-1941), Chinese_people_stubs,
 * Mike Disney (born 1937), Astronomer_stubs,
 * Hamilton Disston (1844-1896), People_stubs,
 * Ron Dittemore (born 1952)
 * Bill Dixon (born 1925), Musician_stubs,
 * Jeane Dixon (1918-1997)
 * Thomas Dixon (1864-1946)
 * William Hepworth Dixon (1821-1879), A_Short_Biographical_Dictionary_of_English_Literature,
 * Peter Dizozza (born 1958)

Dj

 * Hadhari Djaffar (born 1978), Olympic_stubs,
 * Dragan Djordjevic (born 1970), People_stubs,

Doa-Dol

 * George Washington Doane (1799-1859), 1911_Britannica,
 * Paula Dobriansky (born 1955)
 * Christopher Dock (1698-1771), People_stubs,
 * Mary Docter (born 1961), American_people_stubs,
 * Thomas Docwra (1458-1527)
 * Solomon Dodashvili (1805-1836)
 * Mary Abigail Dodge (1833-1896), American_people_stubs,
 * Marcus Dods (1834-1909)
 * Betty Dodson (born 1929), People_stubs,
 * John Doe (musician) (born 1954), People_stubs,
 * Dokumamushi Sandayu (born 1936), People_stubs,
 * Amos Dolbear (1837-1910), Scientist_stubs,
 * John Dolben (politician) (1662-1710), British_politician_stubs,
 * Ray Dolby (born 1933), People_stubs,
 * Thomas Dolby (born 1958)
 * Carlo Dolci (1616-1686)
 * Micky Dolenz (born 1945)
 * Vasily Lukich Dolgorukov (1670-1739), People_stubs,

Dom-Doo

 * Jean Domat (1625-1696), 1911_Britannica,
 * Peter Dombrovskis (1945-1996), People_stubs,
 * Leonardo Domenici (born 1955)
 * Floyd Dominy (born 1909), American_people_stubs,
 * Ghislaine Marie Françoise Dommanget (1900-1991)
 * Don Costa (1925-1983)
 * Gertrude Walton Donahey (1908-2004), People_stubs,
 * William S. Donaldson (1945-2001)
 * Kengo Wa Dondo (born 1935), Politician_stubs,
 * Kristijonas Donelaitis (1714-1780), People_stubs,
 * Jules Doinel (1842-1903), People_stubs,
 * Alexander William Doniphan (1808-1887)
 * Carl von Donop (died 1777), Military_biographical_stubs,
 * Tate Donovan (born 1963), American_actor_stubs,
 * Brian Dooley (born 1971), People_stubs,

Dor-Dos

 * John Doran (1807-1878), A_Short_Biographical_Dictionary_of_English_Literature,
 * Claude Joseph Dorat (1734-1780)
 * Thomas Aloysius Dorgan (1877-1929), Comics_creator_stubs,
 * Roland Dorgeles (1885-1973), Writer_stubs,
 * August Dorner (born 1846)
 * Isaak August Dorner (1809-1884)
 * Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg (1511-1571), People_stubs,
 * Arthur Calbraith Dorrance (1893-1946), Business_bio_stubs,
 * John Thompson Dorrance (1873-1930), People_stubs,
 * Charles William Dorsett (1850-1936), American_politician_stubs,
 * Martha Angle Dorsett (1851-1918)
 * Randy Dorton (died 2004), Sports_stubs,
 * Martin Dossett (born 1978)
 * Dosso Dossi (1490-1542), Artist_stubs,

Dou-Doz

 * Nelson Doubleday (1889-1949), People_stubs,
 * Francis Douce (1757-1834), A_Short_Biographical_Dictionary_of_English_Literature, People_stubs,
 * Dennis Joseph Dougherty (1865-1951), People_stubs,
 * Louise Doughty (born 1965), Writer_stubs,
 * Douglas Byng (1893-1988)
 * C. H. Douglas (1879-1952), People_stubs,
 * Eric Douglas (1958-2004), Actor_stubs,
 * Keith Douglas (1920-1944)
 * Gary Dourdan (born 1966), American_actor_stubs,
 * H. Louis Dousman (1848-1886)
 * Hercules L. Dousman (1800-1868)
 * Kenneth Dover (born 1920)
 * Lorenzo Dow (1777-1834), 1911_Britannica, Appleton's_Cyclopedia,
 * John Alexander Dowie (1847-1907), People_stubs,
 * Olin Downes (1886-1955)
 * Brian Downey (born 1951), Musician_stubs,
 * Konstantinos Apostolos Doxiadis (1913-1975), People_stubs,
 * John Doyle (lawyer) (born 1945), People_stubs,
 * Michael Doyle (born 1948)
 * Jean-Jacquez Dozy (born 1909), People_stubs,


text:
ADM-20 Quail

The McDonnell ADM-20 Quail was a subsonic, jet powered, air-launched decoy cruise missile built by McDonnell Aircraft Corporation. The Quail was designed to be launched by the Boeing B-52 Stratofortress strategic bomber and its original United States Air Force designation was GAM-72 (GAM standing for Guided Aircraft Missile).

Quail contained electronics and radar reflectors intended to make it indistinguishable from a B-52 approaching at low altitude. This would force Soviet defenses to divide their missiles and interceptors between multiple targets, reducing the chance that a bomber would be targeted.

Design of an improved version of Quail began in January 1968, with the system being termed the Subsonic Cruise Aircraft Decoy. This program incorporated several significant changes to the starting design before the AGM-86 ALCM was created.

Development
In 1955 the USAF started a major effort to construct decoy missiles. The goal of this effort was to improve the ability of strategic bombers to penetrate air-defense systems. The projects initiated under this effort included the MX-2223, which produced the XSM-73 Goose, a long range ground-launched jet-powered, decoy cruise missile; and MX-2224, which produced the XGAM-71 Buck Duck, an air-launched rocket powered decoy missile to equip the Convair B-36.

The USAF was at the same time developing the XQ-4 as a supersonic target drone to support the Bomarc Missile Program. A requirement was established by the USAF Power Plant Laboratory at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base to support follow-on production of the XQ-4. This requirement called for a small jet engine in the 2,000 lbf (8.9 kN) thrust class with a high thrust-to-weight ratio of 10:1. On November 28, 1954 General Electric was awarded a USAF development contract to construct the XJ-85-GE-1. The USAF designated the XJ85 project MX-2273.

During April 1955, the USAF began a program to develop a short range air-launched decoy missile to simulate the radar cross section of a bomber. On January 18, 1956, the USAF released General Operational Requirement (GOR) 139.

Design
McDonnell Aircraft Corporation submitted a design which included a cropped-delta-wing decoy constructed largely of fiberglass and carried internally within a B-52. The following month on February 1, 1956, the McDonnell Aircraft Corporation was awarded a contract to develop Weapon System 122A which included the GAM-72 Green Quail missile. In June 1956 General Electric was selected as the engine contractor for the GAM-72. Guidance components were built by Summers Gyroscope and the countermeasures equipment by Ramo-Wooldridge Corporation.

The GAM-72 was designed with a high-mounted delta wing and no horizontal stabilizer. A slab-sided fuselage and two sets of vertical stabilizers contributed to the GAM-72s ability to simulate the radar cross section of a bomber. Initially the GAM-72 was powered by a YJ85-GE-1. This jet engine produced 1,900-2,100 lbf (8.5-9.3 kN) of thrust with a thrust-to-weight ratio goal of (4.6:1) to (5:1).

The GAM-72s guidance system could be pre-programmed on the ground to execute two turns and one speed change during a flight time of 45 to 55 minutes. Flight duration depended on altitude. The GAM-72 was designed to operate at altitudes between 35,000 ft (10,668 m) to 50,000 ft (15,240 m) at speeds between Mach 0.75 to Mach 0.9. Range varied between 357 nm and 445 nm (661 to 716 km), also depending on altitude.

Two GAM-72s with folded wings and stabilizers were packaged together for mounting in the bomber weapons bay. Before launch the bomber's radar navigator lowered the GAM-72 using a retractable arm from the airplane's weapons bay into the slipstream below the aircraft. The wings and stabilizers of the GAM-72 were unfolded, the jet engine was started, and the missile was launched.

Flight testing of the XGAM-72 began in July 1957 at Holloman Air Force Base and the adjacent White Sands Missile Range. Initially testing involved the XGAM-72 being captively carried by a B-52. The first glide flight of the XGAM-72 occurred in November 1957. Three test launches were completed in 1957. The first successful powered flight of the XGAM-72 occurred in August 1958. This flight lasted 14 minutes and covered 103 nautical miles (191 km). A total of ten test flights occurred in 1958, seventeen flights in 1959, with the final four flights being completed in 1960. Operational testing then moved to Eglin Air Force Base, Florida, United States where the 4135th Strategic Wing launched a GAM-72 on June 8, 1960.

McDonnell Aircraft received a production contract for the GAM-72A on December 31, 1958. Reliability problems encountered during testing resulted in McDonnell replacing the J85-GE-3 with the J85-GE-7 engine in the production GAM-72A. The GAM-72A was also about 200 lb (90 kg) heavier than the GAM-72. This increase in weight when combined with a slightly smaller wing area reduced the maximum range of the GAM-72A to 402 statute miles (647 km). The first production GAM-72A flight was in March 1960. The final GAM-72A was delivered by McDonnell Aircraft on May 28, 1962. A total of 585 GAM-72A missiles were produced by McDonnell Aircraft. The inventory of GAM-72As in the USAF peaked at 492 in 1963.

During 1963 all remaining GAM-72A missiles were modified to the GAM-72B configuration.

In 1963 the GAM-72 was re-designated the ADM-20

Operational history

Although originally planned for deployment with the B-47 and the B-52, the GAM-72A was only deployed with the B-52.

The first production GAM-72A was delivered to the 4135th Strategic Wing, at Eglin Air Force Base, Florida, on September 13, 1960. Initial operational capability was reached on February 1, 1961, when the first squadron of the 4135th Strategic Wing was equipped with the GAM-72A. On January 1, 1962 B-52 aircraft carried the GAM-72A decoy on airborne alert for the first time. Full operational capability was reached when the GAM-72A was deployed with the fourteenth and final B-52 squadron on April 15, 1962.

The operational version of the GAM-72 carried internal radar reflectors facing forward and to each side of the aircraft. Up to 100 lb (45 kg) of payload could be accommodated internally by the GAM-72. This internal space could be used to house a radar repeater or a chaff dispenser. An infrared burner in the tail could produce intense heat to simulate the heat signature of a bomber. The GAM-72 was not armed.

Eight GAM-72A decoys could be accommodated in the B-52's weapons bay but the normal decoy load was two.

Ground radar continued to improve, and the effectiveness of the GAM-72B, redesignated in 1963 as the ADM-20C, decreased over time. The AGM-69 Short Range Attack Missile (SRAM) allowed bombers to attack air-defense systems from a distance. By 1971, the USAF no longer considered the ADM-20C a credible decoy. The commander of the Strategic Air Command wrote the Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force "that the Quail was only slightly better than nothing." The last ADM-20C operational test was flown at Eglin Air Force Base on July 13, 1972. On June 30, 1978, the last ADM-20C came off alert status. The last ADM-20C was removed from the United States Air Force inventory on December 15, 1978.

Variants

 * GAM-72 – 24 test missiles produced
 * GAM-72A – 592 missiles produced.
 * GAM-72B – Upgrade to remaining GAM-72A missiles
 * ADM-20A – GAM-72 re-designated in June 1963
 * ADM-20B – GAM-72A re-designated in June 1963
 * ADM-20C – GAM-72B re-designated in June 1963

Operator

 * United States Air Force
 * United States Air Force

The number of GAM-72As in service, by year:

Survivors

 * ADM-20B S/N 60–700 located in the National Museum of the United States Air Force, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio, United States.
 * ADM-20 S/N 61-347 located in the Eighth Air Force Museum, Barksdale Air Force Base, Bossier City, Louisiana, United States.
 * ADM-20 S/N 60-593 located in the Eighth Air Force Museum, Barksdale Air Force Base.
 * ADM-20 located in the Aerospace Museum of California, former McClellan Air Force Base, Sacramento, California, United States.
 * ADM-20 S/N 59-2249 located at the Air Force Space & Missile Museum, Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida, United States.
 * ADM-20 located at the Strategic Air Command & Aerospace Museum, Ashland, Nebraska, United States.
 * ADM-20 S/N 60-505 located at the South Dakota Air and Space Museum, Ellsworth Air Force Base, Rapid City, South Dakota, United States.
 * ADM-20 S/N 59-2245 located in the Armed Forces and Aerospace Museum, Spokane, Washington, United States.
 * ADM-20C S/N 61-633 located in the Hill Aerospace Museum, Hill Air Force Base, Ogden, Utah, United States.
 * ADM-20C located in the Historic Aviation Memorial Museum, Tyler, Texas, United States.
 * ADM-20C S/N 61-414 located at the K. I. Sawyer Heritage Air Museum in Gwinn, Michigan, United States.
 * ADM-20C located at the Pima Air & Space Museum adjacent to Davis-Monthan Air Force Base, Tucson, Arizona, United States.
 * ADM-20C S/N 60-374 located in the Oakland Aviation Museum, Oakland, California, United States.
 * ADM-20C S/N 60-755 located in the Southern Museum of Flight, Birmingham, Alabama, United States.
 * ADM-20C S/N 61-455 located in the Lone Star Flight Museum, Galveston, Texas, United States.
 * ADM-20 S/N 64-2573 located in the Museum of Aviation, Robins Air Force Base, Warner Robins, Georgia, United States.

title: ADM-20 Quail


text:
Boyanup, Western Australia

Boyanup is a town on the South Western Highway in the South West agricultural region, 195 km south of Perth and 18 km south-east of Bunbury, Western Australia. The town is located on the Preston River.

Boyanup is a Noongar name, said to mean "a place of quartz" as "Boya" means "rock" or "stone".

The first European in the area was Lieutenant Henry William Bunbury, who in December 1836 explored the route from Pinjarra to Busselton and thought it to be ideal for farming.

In 1845 Dublin solicitor James Bessonnet took up Location 54 in the Wellington District, consisting of 385 acres through which the Preston River flowed and the new road from Bunbury to the Blackwood had just been completed. The land also had a natural spring, sometimes known as Bessonnet Springs, and a permanent billabong. Bessonnet named his farm Boyanup. Bessonnet left the colony in 1849 aboard Despatch. Location 54 proved to be "too far from anywhere to be workable and eventually the bush took it back".

A road survey in 1869 shows the town name as "Boyinup". In 1894 the South Western Railway was completed from Perth to Bunbury. The Bunbury to Boyanup section was completed on 30 November 1887. The townsite was gazetted in 1894. A railway line extension between Boyanup and Bridgetown opened on 1 November 1898.

The population of the town was 198 (103 males and 95 females) in 1898.

The Yoganup North Mine site, located 5.1 km north-west of the town and closed in 1997, is owned by Iluka Resources and where mineral sands were mined and separated.

title: Boyanup, Western Australia


text:
Wentworth Falls, New South Wales

Wentworth Falls (postcode: 2782) is a town in the Blue Mountains region of New South Wales, situated approximately 100 km west of the Sydney central business district, and about 8 km east of Katoomba, Australia on the Great Western Highway, with a Wentworth Falls railway station on the Main Western line. The town is at an elevation of 867 m. At the, Wentworth Falls had a population of 6,076.

Wentworth Falls hosts several festivals and events, including the Wentworth Falls Autumn Festival in April, the Wentworth Falls Public School Art and Craft Show in October and the Task Force 72 Annual Regatta in either November or December. Wentworth Falls is home to WFCC or Wentworth Falls Cricket Club. Established in 1892 it is one of the Blue Mountains' longest serving cricket clubs.

History
Kings Tableland, a plateau located at the south-east corner of Wentworth Falls, contains areas of major archaeological importance, including the Kings Tableland Aboriginal Site. This area is highly significant to the Gandangara, Darug and Wiradjuri people. Used as a gathering place for at least 22,000 years, the area contains a variety of cultural features, including engravings, axe-grinding grooves, modified rock pools and an occupation shelter.

Originally called The Weatherboard after the ‘Weatherboard Inn’ built in 1814, a year later the town was named Jamison’s Valley by Governor Lachlan Macquarie in honour of the colony's leading private citizen, Sir John Jamison. In July 1867, the first railway journey to the Blue Mountains left Penrith and traveled through to Weatherboard Station, where the train terminated. In 1879, the village took its name from a nearby system of waterfalls, which in turn were named for William Charles Wentworth, one of the men that headed the exploration to cross the mountains in 1813 and a friend of John Jamison.

On the north side of the town is Pitt Park. The Bathurst Traveller, later renamed Weatherboard Inn, was built here in 1826. Charles Darwin was reported to have stayed there in 1836, walking from the inn along Jamison Creek to the cliff's edge, about which he wrote ‘an immense gulf unexpectedly opens through the trees, with a depth of perhaps 1,500 feet’. The route he took was formally opened as the Charles Darwin Walk in 1986 and leads from Wilson Park opposite the School of Arts building to the northern escarpment of the Jamison Valley.

The Kings Tableland area also once hosted a deer park that closed down in the late 1980s, with the site subsequently falling into private ownership. Several deer were sighted around the area for some time until they were culled by National Parks rangers. This area is also home to the site of the former Queen Victoria Sanitorium, once a major facility for the treatment of tuberculosis. Ownership of the site has shifted between Government and various private interests over the decades since it was closed in the 1980s. Sporadic development proposals for the former hospital have been the source of some local concern.

Transport
Blue Mountains Transit operates two bus routes through the suburb of Wentworth Falls:

 * 695: Katoomba to South Leura
 * 690K: Katoomba to Springwood via Leura, Lawson, Hazelbrook and Faulconbridge

Heritage listings
Wentworth Falls has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:
 * Blue Mountains National Park: Blue Mountains walking tracks
 * 63-67 Falls Road: Davisville, Wentworth Falls
 * 1-15 Matcham Avenue: Weatherboard Inn archaeological site
 * 'La Vista', 65 Blaxland Road, Wentworth Falls.

Library School of Arts
The Literary Institute at 217 Great Western Highway, Wentworth Falls, was designed in 1915 by architect Herbert Dennis and is now known as the Library and School of Arts.

Population
According to the 2016 census of Population, there were 6,076 people in Wentworth Falls.
 * Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people made up 2.0% of the population.
 * 74.9% of people were born in Australia. The next most common countries of birth were England 6.5% and New Zealand 1.7%.
 * 88.2% of people spoke only English at home.
 * The most common responses for religion were No Religion 38.5%, Catholic 18.4% and Anglican 17.1%.

Tourism
Ingar Camp Ground, one of the most scenic picnic grounds in the Blue Mountains, is eight kilometres further east along Murphys Fire Trail. Further south along Kings Tableland are Sunset Lookout and McMahon's Lookout, both of which provide long views over Lake Burragorang. These roads went into the Burragorang Valley prior to the valley's flooding by Warragamba Dam.

Other points of interest and local institutions include the historic Grand View Hotel, the Wentworth Falls School of Arts, Falls Gallery, located on Falls Road close to the Falls themselves, showing some of the major contemporary Australian artists. The Kedumba Gallery (found within the grounds of the Blue Mountains Grammar School) and Wentworth Falls Lake, an artificial lake created early in the 20th century to provide water for steam locomotives. This is now a reserve and recreation area. The School of Arts is a popular venue for local community events and theatre productions and also houses the local library. Another landmark is Yester Grange, a heritage-listed home in Yester Street. A sprawling timber bungalow with extensive verandas, Yester Grange had a number of owners over the years but eventually became a function centre.

There are many natural lookouts in the area including Lincoln's Rock, Breakfast Point Lookout, Princes Rock Lookout, Wentworth Falls Lookout and Rocket Point Lookout. A track through the Valley of the Waters leads to Empress Falls, Sylvia Falls, Lodore Falls, Flat Rock Falls and, near the junction of Jamison and Valley of the Waters Creeks, the sheltered Vera Falls. Empress Falls is one of the most popular beginner commercial canyoning trips in the Blue Mountains, and canyoners can be seen abseiling Empress Falls from the tourist track

One of the most popular walks in the area, the National Pass, skirts the top edge of the Valley of the Waters, along a narrow clay stone ledge perched halfway down the cliff, and then ascends the ridge via a series of sandstone steps built by Peter Mulheran and a group known as "The Irish Brigade" in 1908. The Conservation Hut is an information centre and restaurant in Wentworth Falls leased from the NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service, and serves as a starting point for several of these walks.

Notable residents

 * Reg Livermore - noted actor and playwright

title: Wentworth Falls, New South Wales


text:
John Hutchinson

John Hutchinson may refer to:

Arts

 * John Hutchinson (writer) (1674–1737), English theologian and natural philosopher
 * John Hutchinson, board operator for American radio program The David Lee Roth Show
 * John Hutchinson, member of American singing group Hutchinson Family Singers
 * Johnny Hutchinson (born 1940), British drummer
 * John 'Hutch' Hutchinson (1944-2021), British guitarist with David Bowie bands, between 1966 and 1973

Sciences

 * John Hutchinson (botanist) (1884–1972), English botanist
 * John Hutchinson (surgeon) (1811–1861), surgeon and inventor of spirometer
 * John Irwin Hutchinson (1867–1935), American mathematician
 * John W. Hutchinson (born 1939), American professor of engineering at Harvard University

Sports

 * John Hutchinson (footballer, born 1979), Australian-Maltese footballer
 * John Hutchinson (Australian rules footballer) (born 1936), Australian rules footballer
 * John Hutchinson (rugby union) (born 1969), Canadian rugby union player

Politics

 * John Hutchinson (secretary), territorial secretary, namesake of Hutchinson County, South Dakota
 * John Dyson Hutchinson (1822–1882), British Member of Parliament for Halifax, 1877–1882
 * John G. Hutchinson (1935–2024), U.S. Representative from West Virginia, 1980–1981
 * John Hely-Hutchinson, 2nd Earl of Donoughmore (1757–1832), Anglo-Irish politician, peer and soldier

Other

 * John Hutchinson (Roundhead) (1615–1664), leader in the 17th-century Puritan revolt in Britain
 * John Hutchinson (industrialist) (1825–1865), established the first chemical factory in Widnes, England
 * John Hutchinson (academic) (born 1949), British academic in the Department of Government at the London School of Economics
 * John Hutchinson (bishop) (1837–1897), Roman Catholic priest in Queensland, Australia

title: John Hutchinson


text:
Alan Ruscoe

Alan Ruscoe (born 14 April 1972) is a British actor who is best known for his work as various aliens, monsters and androids in the Star Wars films and the television series Doctor Who.

Career
On television, he has played Baraquel, Sariel and Araquiel in Sky One's Hex season 2, as well as a number of characters in the 2005 series of Doctor Who: Blon Fel-Fotch Passameer-Day Slitheen in "Aliens of London" and "World War Three" (and briefly in "Boom Town"), lead Auton in "Rose", the Anne Droid in "Bad Wolf" and "The Parting of the Ways", Trine-E in "Bad Wolf", and Lute of the Forest of Cheem in "The End of the World". Ruscoe has also appeared in the Doctor Who audio dramas The Veiled Leopard, The Settling, Gallifrey: Annihilation and Bernice Summerfield: Paradise Frost for Big Finish Productions. He also played Andrew Stone, a Mars colonist later taken over by an alien lifeform in the November 2009 Doctor Who special "The Waters of Mars", He also played Marcus in the ITV Soap Emmerdale in 2013.

In films, Ruscoe has played Daultay Dofine, Bib Fortuna and Plo Koon in Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace, and the Mangalore Kino in The Fifth Element. He also played "the Poulterer" in a 2004 television adaptation of A Christmas Carol. He appears alongside Terence Stamp, Vanessa Redgrave and Gemma Arterton in "Song For Marion" released this year.

In theatre, he has played Deputy and Snake Preacher in Whistle Down the Wind, Riff Raff in The Rocky Horror Show in the English Theatre Frankfurt, Bob Cratchit in the 2004 touring version of Scrooge and Gussie Fink-Nottle in the 2007 UK tour of By Jeeves. In Germany, he played "Bob" the pizza-boy-eating alien for the T-Online television and poster campaign.

title: Alan Ruscoe


text:
Foundation for the Preservation of the Mahayana Tradition

The Foundation for the Preservation of the Mahayana Tradition (FPMT) was founded in 1975 by Gelugpa Lamas Thubten Yeshe and Thubten Zopa Rinpoche, who began teaching Tibetan Buddhism to Western students in Nepal. The FPMT has grown to encompass over 138 dharma centers, projects, and services in 34 countries. Lama Yeshe led the organization until his death in 1984, followed by Lama Zopa until his death in 2023. The FPMT is now without a spiritual director; meetings on the organization's structure and future are planned.

Location
The FPMT's international headquarters are in Portland, Oregon, United States. The central office has previously been located at:

 * 2000-2005 Taos, New Mexico
 * 1989-2000 Soquel, California (Land of Medicine Buddha)
 * 1984-1989 Pomaia, Italy (Istituto Lama Tzong Khapa)
 * 1975-1984 Kathmandu, Nepal (Kopan Monastery)

As of 2023, the FPMT has 138 centers, projects, and services in 34 countries worldwide, of which about 85 are dharma centers (monasteries and retreat centers often have a public-teaching function, which would raise the count), some 18 are unincorporated "study groups," and the rest a mix of other projects, such as hospices or dharma presses.

History
The name and structure of the FPMT date to 1975, in the wake of an international teaching tour by Lamas Yeshe and Zopa. However, the two had been teaching Western travelers since at least 1965, when they met Zina Rachevsky, their student and patron, in Darjeeling. In 1969, the three of them founded the Nepal Mahayana Gompa Centre (now Kopan Monastery). Rachevsky died shortly afterwards during a Buddhist retreat.

Lama Yeshe resisted Rachevsky's appeals to teach a "meditation course", on the grounds that in the Sera Monastery tradition in which he was educated, "meditation" would be attempted only after intensive, multi-year study of the Five Topics. However, he gave Lama Zopa permission to lead what became the first of Kopan's meditation courses (then semiannual, now annual) in 1971. Lama Zopa led these courses at least through 1975, and sporadically thereafter.

During the early 1970s, hundreds of Westerners attended teachings at Kopan. Historical descriptions and recollections routinely characterize early Western participants as backpackers on the hippie trail (extended overland tours of Asia), to whom Lama Yeshe's style of discourse especially appealed.

Geoffrey Samuel finds it significant that Lamas Yeshe and Zopa had not yet attracted followings among the Tibetan or Himalayan peoples (Zopa's status as a minor tulku notwithstanding), and that their activities took place independently of any support or direction from the Central Tibetan Administration in Dharamsala. On his reading, their willingness to reach out to Westerners was in large measure the result of a lack of other sources of support. Nevertheless, Samuel sees their cultivation of an international network as having ample precedent in Tibet.

In December 1973, Lama Yeshe ordained fourteen Western monks and nuns under the name of the International Mahayana Institute. Around this time, Lama Yeshe's students began returning to their own countries. The result was the founding of an ever-increasing number of dharma centers in those countries. In his description of the FPMT, Jeffrey Paine emphasizes the charisma, intuition, drive, and organizational ability of Lama Yeshe. Paine asks us to consider how a refugee with neither financial resources nor language skills could manage to create an international network with more than a hundred centers and study groups. David N. Kay makes the following observation:

"Lama Yeshe's project of defining and implementing an efficient organizational and administrative structure within the FPMT created the potential for friction at a local level. The organization's affiliated centers had initially been largely autonomous and self-regulating, but towards the late-1970s were increasingly subject to central management and control."

As a result, says Kay (and Samuel's analysis concurs), at the same time that the FPMT was consolidating its structure and practices, several local groups and teachers defected, founding independent networks. Geshe Loden of Australia's Chenrezig Institute left the FPMT in 1979, in order to focus on his own network of centers. More consequentially, Kelsang Gyatso and his students caused the Manjushri Institute, the FPMT's flagship center in England, to sever its FPMT ties. At issue was whether the centers and their students ought to identify primarily with Lama Yeshe, local teachers, the Gelugpa tradition, or Tibetan Buddhism as a whole. The FPMT now asks its lamas to sign a "Geshe Agreement" which makes explicit the organization's expectations. The latter rift widened in the wake of unrelated, post-1996 controversy over Dorje Shugden. Following the policy of the 14th Dalai Lama, the FPMT bans the worship of this deity from its centers.

Lama Yeshe's death in 1984 led to his succession as spiritual director by Lama Zopa. In 1986, a Spanish boy named Tenzin Ösel Hita (a.k.a. Tenzin Ösel Rinpoche, or "Lama Ösel") was identified as the tulku of Lama Yeshe. As he came of age, Hita gave up his robes for a secular life, attending university in Spain, and became relatively inactive in the FPMT. In 2009, Hita was quoted in several media sources as renouncing his role as a tulku—remarks which he later disavowed.

On 3 May 2019, Sera lama and FPMT teacher Dagri Rinpoche was arrested for groping a woman aboard an domestic Indian flight. A few days later, a group of nuns drew attention to additional complaints of groping, sexual harassment, and sexual assault by Dagri Rinpoche over a ten-year period, and called for the FPMT to arrange an independent, third-party investigation. A petition to this effect attracted more than 4000 signatures. The FPMT International Office responded by suspending Dagri Rinpoche from its list of teachers, and commissioning FaithTrust Institute to conduct the requested investigation. Its 19 Sept. 2020 report found the allegations credible. Five (out of eight) FPMT board members resigned amidst controversy over whether to release the report. A “draft” summary report was eventually published—so labeled by the FPMT in anticipation of revisions, but the FaithTrust Institute considered its work complete. Besides abuse, the summary also noted a pattern of "coercive or retaliatory behaviors" aimed at silencing complainants; criticized the FPMT for its lack of any clear mechanism to handle such complaints (pp. 38-39); and criticized statements by Lama Zopa which tended to "undermine" the investigation (pp. 11-13). (Zopa had characterized Dagri Rinpoche as “a very positive, holy being—definitely not an ordinary person," and advised Dagri's students to see only his pure qualities.) The FPMT objected that the FPMT centers where the abuse took place were legally independent; and that the report's criticism of Lama Zopa failed to take into account the core principle of guru devotion. FPMT center leaders and registered teachers (but not Tibetan teachers) are now required to take a "Protection from Abuse" online training course.

On the 2023 death of Lama Zopa, the FPMT board indicated that he would have no direct successor, and that the board would collectively assume his responsibilities, subject to the advice of the Dalai Lama. An "advisory council of teachers" is planned.

Bei, Voulgarakis, and Nault use the FPMT to illustrate Arjun Appadurai's understanding of globalization in terms of (in Appadurai's words) "(a) ethnoscapes, (b) mediascapes, (c) technoscapes, (d) finanscapes, and (e) ideoscapes." The authors accordingly describe the FPMT as "an international network of Gelugpa dharma centers headquartered in Portland, Oregon, but founded by Tibetan and Sherpa monks in India and Nepal (one of whom has apparently reincarnated as a Spaniard), and whose funding comes disproportionately from ethnic Chinese communities in East / Southeast Asia."

Structure
The FPMT is headed by a board of directors, with its spiritual director (presently vacant) an ex officio member. The FPMT International Office represents the board's executive function. The president / CEO of the FPMT is currently (2023) Ven. Roger Kunsang, in that office since 2005.

As of 2023, there are 138 FPMT dharma centres, projects, services and study groups in 34 countries. Each affiliated center, project or service is separately incorporated and locally financed. There is no such thing as FPMT "membership" for individuals; rather, membership is held only by organizations (although several of these offer their own, local membership to individuals). In addition to its local board and officers, each FPMT center also has a spiritual program coordinator and in many cases, a resident geshe or teacher (and perhaps other Sangha as well).

The center directors and spiritual program coordinators from various countries meet every few years as the Council for the Preservation for the Mahayana Tradition (CPMT), in order to share experience and deliberate points of mutual concern.

The 14th Dalai Lama is credited with the honorary role of "inspiration and guide".

Programs
Students often first encounter the FPMT via short courses and retreats held at the various centers. The prototype of these is Kopan Monastery's annual month-long meditation course, offered since 1971. Many FPMT centers have adopted standardized curricula, whose modules may also be studied online. They range from short introductory courses like "Buddhist Meditation 101," to

 * Discovering Buddhism, a two-year, fourteen-module lamrim course.
 * Living in the Path, a (so far) twenty-module course on practice, drawn from Lama Zopa's talks
 * Exploring Buddhism, a (so far) seven-module course designed to prepare students for the Basic Program (vide infra)

Students desiring more advanced study have a number of options including:

 * The FPMT Basic Program (five years, nine modules).
 * The FPMT Masters Program (since 1998) -- 7 years traditional study using compressed version of the Geshe curriculum. Designed to produce credentialed FPMT teachers. Its courses are mainly—but not exclusively—hosted by the Istituto Lama Tzong Khapa in Pomaia, Italy, and Nalanda Monastery (France), and are also offered online.
 * Maitripa College in Portland, Oregon (founded 2005, formal program began in 2006) -- 3-year MA (in Buddhist Studies) and M.Div. programs. The school intends to apply for regional accreditation.
 * Lotsawa Rinchen Zangpo Translator Program (since 1996) -- 2 years intensive Tibetan language study in Dharamsala, followed by 2 years interpretation residency. Designed to train FPMT interpreters.

Students who complete any of the seven programs listed above may apply to become FPMT registered teachers.

Projects
FPMT maintains a number of charitable projects, including funds to build holy objects; translate Tibetan texts; support monks and nuns (both Tibetan and non-Tibetan); offer medical care, food and other assistance in impoverished regions of Asia; re-establish Tibetan Buddhism in Mongolia; and protect animals.

Perhaps the highest-profile FPMT project to date is the Maitreya Project. Originally a planned colossal statue of Maitreya to be built in Bodhgaya and/or Kushinagar (India), the project has been reconceived in the face of fund-raising difficulties and controversy over land acquisition, and now intends to construct a number of relatively modest statues. Jessica Marie Falcone's Battling the Buddha of Love: A Cultural Biography of the Greatest Statue Never Built (Cornell University Press, 2018; based on her Ph.D. dissertation in cultural anthropology for Cornell) is about the controversy, and the meaning of the proposed statue to FPMT participants and Kushinagari protesters.

Also to note is the Sera Je Food Fund offering 3 meals a day to the 2600 monks who are studying at Sera Je Monastery since 1991.

Publications
Wisdom Publications, now a well-known publisher of Buddhist books, originated at Kopan Monastery, Kathmandu, Nepal, in 1975 under editor Nicholas Ribush. Its first publication was Lama Yeshe's and Lama Zopa's Wisdom Energy. Under Ribush, the publisher began formal operations in London in 1983 (after several years operating out of the Manjushri Institute), with Jeffrey Hopkins' Meditation on Emptiness (1983) as an early perennial. It moved to Boston in 1989, under director Timothy McNeill. The press offers both academic and popular Buddhist literature from all traditions of Buddhism, as well as translations of classic Buddhist literature. Especially noteworthy are its encyclopedia-style project, the 32-volume Library of Tibetan Classics (developed by Thupten Jinpa, English-language translator for the Dalai Lama); and the Teachings of the Buddha series of translations of the Pali Nikāyas.

Diamant Verlag (from 1984) and éditions Mahayana (from 2020) publish Buddhist books in German and French, respectively.

Since 1995, the FPMT has published a glossy magazine called Mandala (now quarterly).

The Lama Yeshe Wisdom Archive, which holds copyright to the speeches and writings of Lama Yeshe and Lama Zopa, is one of the FPMT's member organizations. The LYWA archives and transcribes teachings by these and other lamas, and produces edited books for free distribution and for sale. Its director is Nicholas Ribush.

Notable Followers

 * Nita Ing, Taiwanese CEO of Taiwan High Speed Rail (THSR).

 * Lillian Too, Malaysian-Chinese author of 80 books on feng shui. She recounts the story of her contact with Lama Zopa and the FPMT in The Buddha Book (Element, 2003).

 * Daja Wangchuk Meston, American Tibet activist and author of a memoir, Comes the Peace: My Journey to Forgiveness (Free Press, March 6, 2007). Meston grew up as a (white) boy monk at Kopan monastery--his mother having left him to become a Buddhist nun under Lama Yeshe. He took his own life in 2010.

 * Jan Willis, Professor of Religion at Wesleyan University and author of several Buddhist books including her memoir, Dreaming Me: An African American Woman's Spiritual Journey (Riverhead, 2001). Willis was one of the earliest students of Lama Yeshe, who reportedly encouraged her in her academic career.

 * Gareth Sparham, British-born Tibetologist and translator of several Abhisamayalankara commentaries.

 * Thubten Gyatso (Adrian Feldmann), one of the first Westerners to become a Gelug monk.

 * Nick Ribush, an Australian ordained as a monk by Lama Yeshe, and the founder of several FPMT centers and projects.


text:
List of hundreds of Delaware

Hundreds are unincorporated subdivisions of counties, equivalent to townships in some other states, and were once used as a basis for representation in the Delaware General Assembly. While their names still appear on all real estate transactions, they currently have no meaningful use or purpose except that non-renewable rental agreements for 120 days or less for dwellings located in Broadkill Hundred, Lewes-Rehoboth Hundred, Indian River Hundred and Baltimore Hundred are not subject to the Delaware Landlord-Tenant Code. The divisions, or "hundreds" as they are called, come from the times when Delaware and Maryland were colonial holdings of Great Britain. While Delaware alone retains the use of "hundreds," the origin of most place names in both states can be traced back to the times of British rule.

Kent County

 * St. Jones Hundred was created in 1682, and was renamed Dover Hundred in 1823; Dover Hundred was subsequently divided into East Dover Hundred and West Dover Hundred in 1859.
 * Murderkill Hundred was created in 1682 and was divided into North Murderkill Hundred and South Murderkill Hundred in 1855.

title: List of hundreds of Delaware


text:
Lake Grace, Western Australia

Lake Grace is a town in the eastern Wheatbelt region of Western Australia, 345 km from Perth along State Route 107 between Wagin and Ravensthorpe. It is the main town in the Shire of Lake Grace. At the 2016 census, Lake Grace had a population of 507.

History
The area was first taken up for agriculture around 1911. In 1913 a school was established and named Lake Grace after the nearby lake. In 1914 the government planned to extend the railway network from Kukerin to Lake Grace, and local settlers lobbied for a townsite to be declared at the terminus. The railway was completed on 25 November 1916, and terminated close to the site of the existing school. The townsite of Lake Grace was gazetted later in 1916. The branch railway was extended to the ultimate terminus at Newdegate on 15 February 1926 and a further branch from Lake Grace to Hyden opened on 5 April 1933, making Lake Grace a junction and therefore of some importance for train working operations.

In 1922 the Reverend John Flynn visited the town to assess the suitability for establishing an Australian Inland Mission (AIM) hospital. The Western Australian Government agreed to subsidise the building of the hospital, which was subsequently built by AIM and opened in April 1926 staffed by two nurses, Olive Bennett and Helen Cousin. In July 1934 the Lake Grace Hospital Board repaid the loan from the Australian Inland Mission and took over the ownership of the hospital. The hospital served an area of 26000 km2 including providing maternity ward facilities. The hospital ceased operation in 1952 with the construction and replacement by the Lake Grace Memorial Hospital. The Lake Grace AIM Hospital building was in disrepair by 1983 with the state Government deciding to demolish the building. Protests by former staff and the local community halted the destruction, and the building was restored as a museum with the help of the Lake Grace Shire Council and the local community. The building is one of three remaining Australian Inland Mission hospitals and is listed on local, state and national heritage registers. The lake after which the townsite was named was given the name Lake Grace by Marshall Fox, the District Surveyor, in 1910. It is named after Grace Brockman (née Bussell), the wife of the Surveyor General, Frederick Brockman. Grace had become famous in 1876 when she and the Bussell family's stockman Sam Isaacs rescued many people from the wreck of SS Georgette near the mouth of the Margaret River.

Present day
Lake Grace is located on the "cross roads" with it being halfway between Perth and Esperance as well as acting as a main through point for those travelling between Albany and the Wheatbelt. Many tourists use these alternative routes when travelling to and from the Eastern States.

The surrounding areas produce wheat and other cereal crops. The town is a receival site for Cooperative Bulk Handling. Recently changes have included the development of the "Multi Art Space", the introduction of a visitor centre in the old station master's house and an improved townscape. A range of economic developments are underway including a new residential sub-division and light industrial area. There is also Living Towns Lake Grace where over 130 commercial enterprises are working together to improve the local economy.

Local artists have added a new dimension to the town. The "Multi Art Space" allows local residents to learn and participate in key artistic projects. Many of the artistic works are based on recycled materials such as plastic bags, aluminium cans and plastic bottle tops. A number of local residents have become award-winning artists including Kerrie Argent, who won the Cottesloe Sculpture by the Sea People's Choice Prize in 2010 for evidence – the trail continues.

The Lake Grace Visitor Centre opens five days a week. The Visitor Centre is located in the old station master's house, which was restored by local residents in 2005. On display are local information guides, the history of Lake Grace, locally made products and a native seed bank. Lake Grace is part of a region that contains the most diverse recognised flora in the world.

Locals played a key role in restoring the AIM hospital, now a museum that displays primary health care prior to 1960.

Lake Grace contains a district high school with distance learning available for years 11 and 12. There is a district hospital, a childcare centre and a medical centre with a doctor and other health services.

There are two banks in town: Bankwest and Rabobank that opened in September 2009. The shopping facilities include a local shopping forum with IGA supermarket, a butcher, health and beauty, hair dresser, clothing shop and two cafes. There is also a Retravision, CCL Hardware and resident electrical contractor and plumber. The town has a Community Pharmacy opened in 2014.

There is a range of recreational facilities available including a 50-metre pool, sporting complex including football, cricket, tennis, basketball and hockey. The Sportsman's Club also has a synthetic bowling surface allowing bowls to be played all year round. There is also a golf club and air strip.

Travellers' facilities include the local hotel-motel, roadhouse, the Salt Bush Inn motel and the Lake Grace Caravan Park. There is also a number of B&Bs in the area.

The local shire council is based in Lake Grace and there is a Community Resource Centre (telecentre).

The town is served three days per week by the Transwa Perth to Esperance bus service.

Climate
Lake Grace experiences a steppe climate (Köppen climate classification BSh).

Natural disasters
In late 2005 and early 2006, Lake Grace experienced two natural disasters. The first was a hail storm on 16 October 2005, which destroyed 500 hectares of wheat and barley crop and damaged a further 5,500 hectares, with some farmers reporting fields covered by up to 25 cm of hail and kilometres of road turned white. It was accompanied by about 60 mm of rainfall.

On 13 January 2006, the town was flooded by Cyclone Clare, receiving 230 mm of rainfall. It was declared a disaster zone by the State Government. Just over two weeks later, the town received another 30 mm of rain from Cyclone Emma. Large pumps were brought in to help dry out flooded roads, and the main highway to Perth was reopened six weeks later.

Lake Grace normally receives 353.3 mm of rainfall per annum with 16.3 mm in January.

Notable people

 * Nat Fyfe, AFL 2015/2019 Brownlow Medalist
 * Belinda Smith, AFLW player

title: Lake Grace, Western Australia


text:
Tim Rose (actor)

Timothy D. Rose (born July 17, 1956) is an American actor and puppeteer, best known for playing Admiral Ackbar in the Star Wars series. In addition, he puppeteered for Salacious B. Crumb, the court jester of Jabba the Hutt, in Star Wars: Episode VI – Return of the Jedi.

Early life
Rose was born in Pittsfield, Illinois, on July 17, 1956.

Career
Rose is best known for playing the role of Admiral Ackbar in the third Star Wars film, Return of the Jedi, a role which he played again in Star Wars: The Force Awakens and Star Wars: The Last Jedi. In addition, Rose also puppeteered the characters of Sy Snootles and Salacious Crumb in Return of the Jedi, and has been involved with other Lucasfilm and The Jim Henson Company projects, including The Dark Crystal and Howard the Duck.

He also helped in puppeteering the character of Tik-Tok in Walt Disney Pictures' Return to Oz.

Rose also made the puppets Cosmo and Dibs for the BBC children's series You and Me. They debuted on that show in 1983. He also did assistant puppetry for Barnaby Bear on Becky and Barnaby Bear.

title: Tim Rose (actor)


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Flags and coats of arms of the Austrian states

The flags of the Austrian states show two (or three) stripes in the main colours of the respective arms. These flags are the state flags and are shown with the coats of arms, although it is common for them to be shown without it. Without the coats of arms, some flags are very similar, such as those of Tyrol and Upper Austria (also nearly identical to the flag of Poland). Frequently, the flags are used in vertical variants with or without coat of arms. The coats of arms of the Austrian States are also shown.


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title: User talk:192.42.113.248