text:
Surviving Picasso

Surviving Picasso is a 1996 American biographical drama film directed by James Ivory and starring Anthony Hopkins as the famous painter Pablo Picasso. It was produced by Ismail Merchant and David L. Wolper. Ruth Prawer Jhabvala's screenplay was loosely based on the 1988 biography Picasso: Creator and Destroyer by Arianna Stassinopoulos Huffington. It was a box-office bomb, grossing $2 million at the box office against a budget of $16 million.

Plot
The young Françoise Gilot meets Picasso in Nazi-occupied Paris, where Picasso is complaining that people broke into his house and stole his linen, rather than his paintings. It shows Françoise being beaten by her father after telling him she wants to be a painter, rather than a lawyer. Picasso is shown as often not caring about other people's feelings, firing his driver after a long period of service, and as a womanizer, saying that he can sleep with whomever he wants.

In addition to Françoise, the film depicts several of the women who were important in Picasso's life, such as Olga Khokhlova, Dora Maar, Marie-Thérèse Walter, and Jacqueline Roque.

Cast

 * Anthony Hopkins as Pablo Picasso
 * Natascha McElhone as Françoise Gilot
 * Julianne Moore as Dora Maar
 * Joss Ackland as Henri Matisse
 * Dennis Boutsikaris as Kootz
 * Peter Eyre as Sabartes
 * Peter Gerety as Marcel
 * Susannah Harker as Marie-Thérèse Walter
 * Jane Lapotaire as Olga Khokhlova
 * Joseph Maher as Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler
 * Bob Peck as Françoise's Father
 * Joan Plowright as Françoise's Grandmother
 * Diane Venora as Jacqueline Roque
 * Dominic West as Paulo Picasso
 * Laura Aikman as Maya Widmaier-Picasso

Production
The film was shot in Paris and southern France.

Box office
In the United States and Canada, Picasso grossed $2 million at the box office, against a budget of $16 million.

title: Surviving Picasso


text:
Talk:Vlorë District

Nationality map of east central and Southeast Europe 1989-1992

Untitled
It shows the concentration of Greeks were in Gjirokaster and Sarande, but none in Vlore. 24.90.102.133 00:20, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Vlorë District


text:
Talk:Sailing ship

(First comment)
Any takers for a History entry here? Was doing some research for the technology page and no joy. . . When did we learn to sail?

Rossfi 00:24, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

Bad pictures
In the current article, the first picture shows a sailing boat, the second shows a ship, but it's under auxillary power (not anchored, check the bow wake). Both of these should be replaced with ships under sail.--J Clear 17:21, 30 July 2006 (UTC)

Oy. Both photos are not ships. They are yachts. The bottom one is a ketch. We need a picture of an actual ship, as in a ship as opposed to a yacht, a ship as opposed to a sloop of war, a ship as opposed to a schooner, a ship of the line. There are various definitions of "ship." I think we should get an unambiguous ship picture. I have a photo I took of the Lady Washington drifting in a calm, but it is a pretty minimal "ship" and it would be nice to get a ship actually sailing. Something like that painting of the Cutty Sark with all its stunsails out. I'm worried about the tackling drawing. I saw it a few weeks ago in a book, and I can't swear it was out of copyright. I also found this here picture, but the sails are droopy. Mrees1997 19:04, 9 January 2007 (UTC)

Okay, I cut the two yachts out and put in this picture:. Mrees1997 19:12, 9 January 2007 (UTC)

Merge tag
I have added a mergeto tag to Sailboat pointing to here. Actually I'm not terribly bothered which way it moves, just my POV that it should go this direction. At least this article is part of a template. The two articles are quite different but I don't think we need both. Its very similar territory and there is no great differentiation between the 2 concepts. Opinions and suggestions please ? Frelke 07:58, 22 December 2006 (UTC)
 * No merge. In my opinion, the distinction between the two is useful and should be preserved. I tend to regard articles from the perspective of being a link target; if I want to link to sailing ship from, let's say, a "history of trading in the Carribean", I'm not terribly interested in the sporting dinghys on sailboat. And the other way around when I'm doing an article on Olympic sail winners. --Alvestrand 10:48, 22 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Can you explain what you see as the intended difference between the 2 articles? Are you suggesting that sailboat should only cover sail-powered leisure craft of a certain size? And that sailing ship covers something else? Frelke 13:30, 22 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Yes, that's what I think. Sailing ships can be used for something useful; sailboats are for fun. --Alvestrand 21:11, 9 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Merge and provide the following distinction: The term "boat" generally refers to smaller craft (sloops) and submarines, while "ship" refers to larger craft, such as a clipper.  Change the title to "Sailing vessels."  The term "sailing ship" is almost never used, while "sailing vessels" is the industry-standard term. - Mugs 15:08, 6 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Google "sailing ship": 972.000. Google "sailing vessel": 584.000. Guess the world hasn't caught up with industry. --Alvestrand 21:11, 9 January 2007 (UTC)
 * No merge I also don't think this article should be merged with sailboat. The Sailing Ship article referrs mostly to historical marine vessels used for war and commerce. Sailboats are primarily contempary (within the past 100 years) marine vessels used for recreation and sport. The uses are different, the time frame is different, the construction methods are different, materials are (typically) different, the owners are different. I would say that the only similarity between the two is their method of propulsion and they are both used on water. Finally, one is not a logical subset of the other. A sailboat is not a type of sailing ship, and a sailing ship is certainly not a type of sailboat. If they were to be merged, both articles should be removed and an umbrella article with at title of something like "Wind Powered Vessels" (or, in fact, "sailing vessel") should be created. I don't see that this is necessary, however, and it might make searches for either sailboat or sailing ship more problematic for a user. I would agree that there should remain links between the two articles. Zander42 16:43, 14 February 2007 (UTC)

 * No Merge Fully agree with Zander42 above Boatman 17:33, 14 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Merge Fully agree with Mugs. The difference between a boat and a ship is for a great deal defined by whether you own it or not ;) Note the three-mast schooner in the sailboat-article. And what to do with historical fishing vessels, like the botter, cutter or logger? Are they too small for a ship, or does the commercial use qualify it as a ship? I don't expect regular users to understand the fine details of the difference between boats and ships. (they don't come over here because they know it all). It's definitely confusing to have two articles. Waltertje 17:12, 27 February 2007 (UTC)

 * No Merge, mostly agree with Zander42. However if someone felt there was enough overlap, then perhaps each needs more focus on those topic (i.e. some ... trimming). The common bits might belong more in Sailing or refer there. --J Clear 02:26, 28 February 2007 (UTC)

No Merge, These articles could be edited better in conjunction to separate out the various points which should be in either place. Though the definitions can get a touch muddy, there are generally accepted differences between boats and ships. Crocadillion 19:42, 10 July 2007 (UTC)

Sailing re-organization effort
Take a minute to read the comments at Talk:Sailing#Re-write effort -- non how-to et seq. Some of us are working on re-organizing the sailing-related articles. See if you agree with our approach and give us some help. Mrees1997 20:41, 29 December 2006 (UTC)

Diagram request
This appears to be the master article for this template:

It would benefit from a diagram showing the various parts listed in the template. Image:Tackling.png has on the order of a hundred elements listed, but has no legend. -- Beland 02:40, 29 August 2007 (UTC)
 * I came to this discussion page to make the exact same diagram request. It's a shame this request has gone on so long unanswered. I don't have the skills to make an image.  But if I can find something generic yet detailed enough; I can modify it and label it. -Verdatum (talk) 20:35, 13 June 2009 (UTC)
 * The Art of Rigging has many similar images to the tackling.png mentioned above complete with legend. One issue is that both such sources contain information specific to the ropework of the ship. I'd prefer a diagram (or more likely, diagrams) that described all parts of a sailing ship. -Verdatum (talk) 16:49, 15 June 2009 (UTC)
 * Aha, image:Warship_diagram_orig.jpg is also very nice, and probably worth adding to this article. However, I'd still prefer a friendlier, svg type diagram. -Verdatum (talk) 18:38, 15 June 2009 (UTC)
 * My search continues. File:Sailingboat-lightning-num.png This is still closer to what I would like to see.  It doesn't appear to be linked to any overview type sailing articles on the en Wikipedia.  Only issue is that it's a bit more sailboat-like than I would like to see for a ship article...not that I really understand the difference.  I'm a total outsider trying to learn here. -Verdatum (talk) 23:42, 15 June 2009 (UTC)

Needs a rename
Is there any reason not to give this article a more appropriate name? "Sailing vessel," perhaps? Sure, "sailing ship" has more Google hits, but as soon as you get into serious discussion of sailing vessels and rigs, calling things ships which are not ships is just confusing. I would indeed suggest that sailing ship redirect to this article, and not to full rigged ship, because most people searching that term are probably looking for this information. But that's no reason to assail them with muddy terminology.

I don't like the title "Sailing vessel" either, since we'd be arbitrarily excluding small boats, pleasure craft, ice boats, etc. But I can't think of a better name, perhaps because I don't actually know what this article is about. Large sailing vessels? Traditional sailing vessels? Merchant/military/working sailing vessels? The history of non-recreational sailing? Western sailing vessels of the Age of Sail and their replicas? Yes, I'm nitpicking, but I do think we should spell out the exact purpose of this article, both to figure out a possible new title and to more clearly differentiate it from sailboat. --Fullobeans (talk) 20:10, 9 September 2008 (UTC)

 * Yes, the article needs a rename because elsewhere it expressly states the ship is three-masted, everything else is a vessel.Koakhtzvigad (talk) 11:02, 26 December 2011 (UTC)

Info needed on "lug-sail"
JUNK is defined as a lug-rigged sailing vessel.

LUGGER is defined as a vessel with at least two masts carrying lug-sails.

What is that? Nowhere is LUG-SAIL defined or described. Lug rigging is not in the sail-plan diagrams either, though those were very informative. A link to the description in another article might be the way to go. 98.200.150.6 (talk) 14:33, 1 August 2013 (UTC)

Confusing Wording in Introduction - "ship-rigged"
I happened upon this page and was reading through it when I came upon a very confusing phrase at the end of the introduction: "Large sailing vessels that are not ship rigged may be more appropriately called boats." I am not familiar with the subject, but the phrase "ship rigged" cause me a great deal of confusion. I went back over the introduction again and found no reference, implication, or definition that would aid in interpreting the author's meaning. Possibly it is a typo, in which case it needs correction. It could be a true statement in which case their needs to be an explanation of what it means, either earlier in the text or right at that point. In either case my knowledge of the subject is inadequate and someone else who is better informed should make the changes. Thank you to anyone who corrects this. Sonzaisuru (talk) 22:14, 15 June 2014 (UTC)
 * Fair comment; I've added a link by way of explanation. Moonraker12 (talk) 16:09, 5 June 2017 (UTC)

List
(This discussion is transcluded at: Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Sailing and Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Ships User:HopsonRoad 10:02, 23 June 2017 (UTC))

I added caïque here yesterday, which was reverted as the "article says it is a boat, not a ship". That's fair enough, but the list also has entries for Longship, Lugger, Luzzu, Tjotter, Koch (boat), Yacht and a Polynesian outrigger canoe. They are all about the same size, they all have sail plans, and they are all described interchangeably as boats, ships, or simply vessels. So, are we in need of some criteria for inclusion here? The term “ship” is notoriously imprecise; what should be in, and what out? Moonraker12 (talk) 16:20, 5 June 2017 (UTC)
 * I appreciate your understanding, Moonraker12, and your appropriate question, here. Perhaps the answer is to make a new stand-alone list article, titled Types of sailing vessels, which would include vessels large and small. In this scenario, the imbedded list would disappear from this article and become a "See also".

 * A word of caution, there is a List of large sailing vessels, a List of large sailing yachts, and a Comparison of large sloops, each of which names vessels individually, not by type.

 * I thought about having it be Types of sailing craft, which would include iceboats and land yachts, but decided that they didn't contribute very much to the taxonomy, but would merit a "See also". Cheers, User:HopsonRoad 17:19, 5 June 2017 (UTC)

 * This is tricky: A separate "Types of sailing vessels" list would certainly solve the problem here: OTOH we already have (in addition to the ones you mentioned)
 * The list at Sail plan
 * Another at Sailboat
 * A list of historical ship types
 * The types of sailing vessels and rigs template
 * A list of sailing boat types (which seems to list every kind of keelboat, yacht, dinghy, and multihull on the water)
 * And a list of boat types (which just looks like a category page)
 * We can have too much of a good thing, I feel.
 * Another possibility maybe is to incorporate some of the text from the Ship article (esp. from Ship to here and limit the entries to the ones mentioned; it would be useful to have them listed with definitions (I can never remember the difference between a barque and a barquentine, or a brig and a brigantine)
 * Anyway, it's up to you (though if you want a hand with the latter suggestion, just give a shout). Regards, Moonraker12 (talk) 14:14, 22 June 2017 (UTC)

 * Thank you for these observations, Moonraker12. It seems that Sail plan#Types is properly about named sail plans, whereas Sailboat#Types is properly about generic categories of sailboats. List of sailing boat types should properly be named List of sailboat classes—it is divided by sailboat types into classes.
 * To follow your suggestion, one could define "ship" sufficiently broadly to encompass its changing historical meaning and then prune those entries that don't conform. One method would be to go to the link and, if it says "boat" eliminate it. One could next identify which of the "historical ship types" are sailing vessels and check to see if they are really boats, as well. Finally, one could then see what's left and come up with a definition like, "Here is a list of sailing vessels that were considered ships in their time, being used for commerce or war and carrying a substantial complement of crew". Let me know what you think. Cheers, User:HopsonRoad 17:17, 22 June 2017 (UTC)
 * I was sort of thinking of things the other way round; to put in some text (we could do with a History section, or something dealing with the Evolution of the Sailing Ship) and list the vessels mentioned in that. I've knocked a rough draft together here, if you'd like to have a look. In practice, I suspect the list would look much the same either way: I've done a rough draft of both here. Regards, Moonraker12 (talk) 22:53, 30 June 2017 (UTC)
 * Thank you for all the enterprising work that you did at your sandbox sections. I encourage you to be bold and implement what you have started. The "evolution" bit seems to hinge on one source. It would be good to make that clear up front, e.g. "Lavery lays out 5,000 years of sailing ship history, as follows:" BTW, sorry for the delayed response. I was on a sailing cruise in Maine. Cheers, User:HopsonRoad 19:55, 7 July 2017 (UTC)

Bring substance of "Windjammer" article here
I propose to bring the substance of Windjammer here, because "Windjammer" is a colloquialism, not a class of ship, as is discussed at Talk:Windjammer. I further feel that it would improve this fairly sketchy article. HopsonRoad (talk) 13:47, 26 May 2019 (UTC)
 * I propose leaving the content of Windjammer at that page. It's bad enough to have this article Sailing ship that doesn't seem to know what it is about; it really doesn't need even more rubbish thrown in before it's restructured. Mysha (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 12:59, 3 June 2019 (UTC)

 * Thank you for your comment, Mysha. I share your concern about rubbish and lack of structure. My plan is to mockup the revised article in a sandbox before bringing it here. You are welcome to check out my work, for instance, by comparing Superyacht with an earlier version or Snow with an earlier state of the article. You can also look at User:HopsonRoad for other examples of my work. Cheers, HopsonRoad (talk) 13:21, 3 June 2019 (UTC)
 * Oh I'm fine with a direct improvement, as I've seen too many sandboxes that never got implemented. But I'd prefer it if you first restructured the article as is, moving or splitting off what doesn't belong here and importing or linking what is necessary here. Once we have an article that knows what it's about, we can move in stuff that's misplaced elsewhere. (I wonder why our sailing pages are so destructured. Is this caused by the topic or by the editors?) Mysha (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 12:50, 5 June 2019 (UTC)
 * Thanks for your reply, Mysha. I concur about restructuring. I've used my sandbox to improve many articles. I also concur that sailing-related articles are among the poorest in Wikipedia. I've worked to improve Sails, Sail components, and Forces on sails, as well. If you'd like to propose a structure for this article, I'd be interested to see it. (Please remember to sign your posts with " ~ " to provide an automated date.) Cheers, HopsonRoad (talk) 13:14, 5 June 2019 (UTC)
 * The discussion at "Windjammer" led to re-casting the article as one about iron-hulled sailing ships. As such, the material can stay there and be summarized here. There is an editor there who was not happy with the re-casting of the article and discussed it at Talk:Iron-hulled sailing ship; if other editors have similar concerns, they should be discussed there. Sincerely, HopsonRoad (talk) 17:08, 10 June 2019 (UTC)
 * I'm still beside myself on this matter. An Iron Hulled Sailing Ship is more of a diffused title than any you mention and criticise here or elsewhere, What your talking about are Iron Hulled Bulk Carrier sailing ships. Iron Hulled Sailing Ships could be 1, 2, 3 masts. Windjammers to my mind were at least 4 masts and wide hulled, and of a specific era, a short one too, never to be repeated. Why did you not improve on Windjammer, refining it as an article and create a new one for your pet project the very much larger iron hulled sailing etc. You have made it clear that you think Wikipedia ships is a mess, actually its not too bad, nothing like the unattended car crash over at Commons, a place where your energy would be better expended.Broichmore (talk) 17:41, 15 June 2019 (UTC)

I can see your level of disappointment, Broichmore, and I am prepared to mitigate any problems that I may have created, subject to input from other editors. I don't have an axe to grind, regarding the title. However, other editors pointed out (here and here) that the term, "windjammer", applies to just about any kind of sailing ship. In the US state of Maine, windjammers are commonly thought of as schooners. The term came about, not as a way to distinguish a type of ship, but as a perjorative term, like "jalopy", applicable to the ships that still were under sail in the age of steam and extended to those who were consigned to sail them. Therefore, it seemed that the material describing windjammers was best provided at "sailing ship".

The ships described in the Windjammer article were, as far as I could see, iron (and steel) hulled. In looking at the literature for ships of the size described here, I didn't find any examples of wooden or composite ships, just a preponderance of iron ships; that's how I came to conclude that material in this article could stand on its own.

Regarding the state of Project Ships, I agree that it's in relatively good shape. It's actually articles having to do with sailing that have many warning templates about references and are poorly written. You can see from my user page that I have rewritten some of them.

As to a resolution, we should follow up on your concern that I was editing against consensus (although I believe that I was editing, consistent with consensus) by leaving an invitation at the Talk pages of editors that have shown an interest in this and related topics, inviting them to the conversation. (You were the only one to respond from my posting at Project Ships.) I plan to do that for our discussion at Talk:Sailing ship, which I'll leave an example of at your Talk page. Perhaps you could undertake the same, regarding the article in question (now Iron-hulled sailing ship). If the consensus results in a different outcome, I'm happy to help implement it. I hope that we can leave you satisfied with the outcome, even if it doesn't conform to one or the other of our thought processes. Cheers, HopsonRoad (talk) 12:30, 16 June 2019 (UTC)

Update: I have provided a place to reconsider the title change in question at: Talk:Iron-hulled sailing ship for you to direct further discussion to. Cheers, HopsonRoad (talk) 15:02, 16 June 2019 (UTC)

Scope?
Another issue is scope. Is this article primarily about western sailing ships? To what extent should it include junks and dhows? Are they large enough to be considered "ships"? Clearly, at one point they were among the larger vessels sailing in their regions. They should have at least brief mention, here. Cheers, HopsonRoad (talk) 13:17, 5 June 2019 (UTC)

Outline
Here's a possible outline:

Sincerely, HopsonRoad (talk) 02:00, 7 June 2019 (UTC)
 * Lead
 * A sailing ship is a large watercraft that uses sails to harness the power of wind. Sailing ships are categorized by their sail plans. A "ship-rigged" sailing ship carries three or more masts with square sails on each. Historical ships with other rigs include junks and dhows.
 * 1) History
 * 2) Before 1700
 * 3) Mediterranean
 * 4) Asia
 * 5) Africa
 * 6) 1700-1850
 * 7) Clippers
 * 8) Warships
 * 9) After 1850
 * 10) Iron hulls
 * 11) Steam power
 * 12) Types
 * 13) Square-rigged
 * 14) Fore-and-aft rigged
 * 15) Other
 * 16) Features
 * 17) Hull
 * 18) Masts
 * 19) Sails
 * 20) Rigging
 * 21) Crew
 * 22) See also
 * 23) References

Discussion

 * Quite the contrary, this article should really be slightly pruned to short and sweet, with the great bulk of it comprising, Paragraph: Types of sailing ships, which it already does. There you find links to Dhows and junks; which is appropriate. Broichmore (talk) 12:18, 15 June 2019 (UTC)
 * Thank you for commenting here, Broichmore. Would it not be unusual for an article on a broad topic, like this, to not have a History section? Also, shouldn't the article convey the breadth of different types without having to follow various links to articles for ship types that are unfamiliar to the uninitiated? I invite you to look in on User:HopsonRoad/sandbox. Cheers, HopsonRoad (talk) 13:51, 15 June 2019 (UTC)

 * I would support the version you have in your sandbox as an improvement for what is really an "overview" article. - Ahunt (talk) 13:07, 16 June 2019 (UTC)
 * Apologies for being late to the party, but I fully support the addition of a History section in a general article such as this. I notice it was first suggested in 2005, and was touched on again 2 years ago (as were the reasons against reducing it to a Types of sailing ships list) so it's certainly timely. Good work! Moonraker12 (talk) 22:09, 22 June 2019 (UTC)

 * I don't type all that well while regularly emptying my stomach, and now that I'm able to keep my food in again my reaction may be too late, but:

 * This exactly hits the problem: "A sailing ship is ... A ship-rigged ...". As we already have Full-rigged ship and Square rig, I expect that this particular page will not be particularly about ship-rigged vessel, but rather about every vessel that uses sails and is (relatively or absolutely?) large. Is there a consensus on what "large" is, here? Different terms could either have a subsection, if included, or could be mentioned with link as excluded. Mysha (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 10:44, 24 June 2019 (UTC)
 * A "sailing ship" is a broad category, Mysha, which is why the lead section now reads:
 * "A sailing ship is a large watercraft that uses sails, mounted on two or more masts, to harness the power of wind and propel the vessel. There is a variety of sail plans that propel sailing ships, employing square-rigged or fore-and-aft sails. Some ships carry square sails on each mast—the brig and full-rigged ship, said to be "ship-rigged" when there are three or more masts. Others carry only fore-and-aft sails on each mast—schooners. Still others employ a combination of square and fore-and aft sails, including the barque, barkentine, and brigantine. Sailing ships developed differently in Asia, which produced the junk and dhow—vessels that incorporated innovations absent in European ships of the time."
 * Consider the outline, above, to be overcome by actual editing; I think that you'll see that the article, as being developed, follows your suggestion about linking; there is a question of what to do with the "Types of sailing ship" section at the end. As to "large" there can be no consensus, because it has been a moving target over the course of time, based on the technology of the culture to make a watercraft.
 * Further discussion should apply to edits in the article, which are largely following the proposed outline. (And also please sign your comments with ~ to create an automatic signature.) Cheers, HopsonRoad (talk) 11:26, 24 June 2019 (UTC)

 * Might I suggest that the history could include pre-1700 European craft such as those of the Vikings, e.g., the 9th-century Gokstad ship and possibly the large naval craft used by Alfred the Great to defeat the Vikings at sea? Bjenks (talk) 16:04, 9 July 2019 (UTC)
 * I concur that it should, Bjenks. However, when I look at the articles that are linked to from Viking ships, most have inadequate references. Furthermore, this is an article about sailing ships, not sail-assisted rowing ships; so, we have to be careful about what we include here. Certainly, there should be mention of the role of such craft during the Viking Age. I'll see what I can do. So can you! Cheers, HopsonRoad (talk) 20:14, 9 July 2019 (UTC)

translation needed
Does anybody know how the Gleitschienenrack and Tonnenrack a called in english... Greetings--Mr.Lovecraft (talk) 16:05, 3 December 2021 (UTC)

 * "Slide rail rack" and "barrel rack". - Ahunt (talk) 16:38, 3 December 2021 (UTC)

Gender
Where did we get the information on a ship gender identity and how do we know it’s not male? Seems like a lot of sexism here with all these female ships. 50.76.14.241 (talk) 23:56, 25 March 2022 (UTC)
 * See Ship. - Ahunt (talk) 00:00, 26 March 2022 (UTC)

Problems
This is an aide-mémoire for some of the problems with this article, but is also here so that others can comment.

(1) The History section dives straight in to talking about the Age of Discovery without making clear that this is within the European tradition of maritime technology.

(2) History, subsection Before 1700: "Initially sails provided supplementary power to ships with oars, because the sails were not designed to sail to windward." Beyond being unreferenced, this is utter nonsense. Sail has been a prime method of propulsion of ships and boats since about 3000 BC. There is clear archaeological and written evidence of this. Even galleys (which are a special case) would use sail whenever possible. As for the "sails not designed to go to windward" – to be fair to the editor who wrote this, many academics have made this assumption, without any evidence to support it – but more recently this is pretty much refuted by research such as Julian Whitewright (2011) The Potential Performance of Ancient Mediterranean Sailing Rigs, International Journal of Nautical Archaeology, 40:1, 2-17, DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-9270.2010.00276.x In short, ancient square rigged vessels that traded n the Mediterranean in classical times could sail to windward – poor windward performance was more to do with hull shape and these varied in efficiency at any point in time in that period (and, incidentally, in more modern times).

(3) Mediterranean and Baltic sub-section (incidentally, very odd grouping of two regions with very different histories) "Fore-and-aft sails started appearing on sailing vessels in the Mediterranean ca.1200 AD" This is more utter nonsense. Can someone with access to the cited source (A Short History of the Sailing Ship by Romola Anderson and R. C. Anderson) check whether it actually is in the reference given – if so, that source is highly questionable. The spritsail (i.e. the quadrilateral fore and aft sail supported by a diagonal sprit that went from low down on the mast to the peak of the sail) was present in classical Roman times. Casson is a good source for this, but you will find it in other sources.

(4) Features section:Hull "Starting in the mid-19th century, iron was used first for the hull structure and later for its watertight sheathing" What is the intent of the last part of that sentence? I strongly suspect that an editor has written something they do not intend, as I have read the cited source and am pretty sure it says nothing of the kind. We do, of course, have steel framed hulls which were planked with wood (composite construction). We also have copper sheathing. Not sure how the quoted part of the article relates to that.

There is probably a lot more to add to this. ThoughtIdRetired (talk) 20:04, 3 August 2022 (UTC)

Reference to support early Egyptian content
The source added by User:GwydionM in does not solve the problem. The cited source does not mention paddling, nor is there anything on the bipod mast. ThoughtIdRetired (talk) 12:15, 17 August 2022 (UTC)

 * It confirms that they used sails, rather than rowing or letting rafts drift. That was my point of concern, and was needed.  Anyone interested in the rest can do the work themselves.--GwydionM (talk) 09:15, 18 August 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sailing ship


text:
William T. Glassell

William Thornton Glassell (January 15, 1831 – January 28, 1876) was an officer in the Confederate States Navy during the American Civil War. He laid out the city of Orange, California.

Early life and career
Glassell was born in Culpeper County, Virginia, was appointed a midshipman in the United States Navy from the state of Alabama (March 15, 1848). When he was still a midshipman, his ship, the St. Laurence was sent to The Great Exhibition (1851 ) in London. Lady Byron (Anne Isabella Byron, Baroness Byron), widow of the famous Lord Byron, visited the ship and invited only Glassell to dine with her the next evening. He accepted and "had a very pleasant interview."

Civil War
Promoted to lieutenant in 1855, he was aboard USS Hartford (1858) off China when the Civil War broke out. When Hartford reached Philadelphia, Glassell declined to swear an additional oath of allegiance prescribed for Southerners, and was consequently imprisoned at Fort Warren and dropped from the U.S. service (December 6, 1861). Confederate authorities issued him a lieutenant's commission, arranged his exchange, and assigned him to CSS Chicora in the Charleston Squadron. Glassell commanded his ship's forward division during the squadron's attack on the Union blockade (January 31, 1863). Intrigued by the army's experiments with torpedoes and mines, he requested and received assignment to a special command training to attack the blockading fleet's monitors.

On the night of October 5, 1863, Glassell and a crew of three in the diminutive torpedo boat David attacked the most powerful ship in the United States Navy, New Ironsides. The Confederates rammed a spar torpedo against the ironclad six feet beneath the waterline. The explosion threw a geyser of water over David, extinguishing its fires and leaving it immobile in a hail of small-arms fire. Most of the Confederates abandoned ship. The pilot stayed on board and the fireman soon reboarded the drifting boat, relit the fire, and reached the safety of Charleston Harbor. Glassell, and the other crewman were however captured and returned to Fort Warren. New Ironsides lost one dead and two wounded. Initially thought undamaged, it was leaking so badly that repairs kept it out of action until the last months of 1864.

Glassell, while in prison, was promoted to commander for his attack on New Ironsides. Exchanged in the last six months of the war, he returned to Charleston, South Carolina. On the evacuation of that city he was transferred to Richmond, Virginia and assigned to command the ironclad Fredericksburg in the James River Squadron. With Richmond's evacuation, the squadron's personnel were reorganized as artillery and infantry, and Glassell commanded a regiment. He was paroled at Greensboro, North Carolina, on April 28, 1865.

Orange, California
Captain Glassell's health had been broken as a result of his experiences while in the Confederate Army, both by his hazardous undertaking, and subsequent capture and eighteen months in a northern military prison. He came to visit his elder brother Andrew Glassell in Los Angeles, and stayed to help in developing the Richland Tract in the capacity of surveyor. The city of Orange was founded by attorneys Andrew Glassell and Alfred Chapman, who had participated in the partition of Rancho Santiago de Santa Ana and were active in similar land lawsuits.

Captain Glassell surveyed the 600 acre tract of land for his brother and Chapman in 1871. In 1872 the Richland subdivision was placed on the market. In 1873, when a post office was sought it was discovered that there was a town in Sacramento County by the name of Richland. As an alternative, Orange was chosen, possibly after Orange County, Virginia, where the Glassell family's 'Richland' plantation was located.

Family life
William T. Glassell died at the age of 48 in Los Angeles. His great-nephew was George Smith Patton.

title: William T. Glassell


text:
Spaceways

Spaceways is a 1953 science fiction drama film directed by Terence Fisher and starring Howard Duff, Eva Bartok and Alan Wheatley. It was produced by Michael Carreras for Hammer Film Productions Ltd. and Lippert Productions Inc., with Robert L. Lippert as uncredited co-producer. The screenplay was written by Paul Tabori and Richard Landau, based on a radio play by Charles Eric Maine. The film was distributed in the UK by Exclusive Films Ltd. and in the United States by Lippert Pictures.

Plot
Engineer Dr Stephen Mitchell is part of a British space programme that plans to launch a satellite that will permanently orbit Earth. At a cocktail party, it is announced to the programme's staff that the satellite project has been approved by the defence council. Mitchell's wife Vanessa is not enthusiastic about the new project, nor with having to live at its high security base. She sneaks away with Dr Philip Crenshaw, with whom she is having an affair. Dr Mitchell leaves the party with Lisa Frank, a mathematician on the project, who is in love with him. When Mitchell returns home, he has an argument with Vanessa; he has been made aware of her having passionately kissed Crenshaw after she left with him.

The satellite rocket soon launches, but it does not reach its maximum altitude. Afterwards, it is discovered that Crenshaw and Vanessa have disappeared. Dr Smith secretly investigates their disappearance and comes to the conclusion that not only were the two murdered, but that they were murdered by Dr Mitchell, after which he hid their bodies in the spacecraft's fuel tanks. Smith approaches Mitchell with the accusation, while also telling him about Crenshaw being a spy, who had concealed having a degree from a German university.

Mitchell decides to go into space on the second rocket being launched, in order to try to prove his innocence. Smith discovers that there was a new team member added just prior to the disappearance, and that a security guard had died in an accident a week earlier. Soon after, Smith and the police discover that Crenshaw and Vanessa are actually at a seaside cottage. Crenshaw has been planning to head to the east instead of going to America, as he previously had said. During a violent scuffle between Crenshaw and Smith, Vanessa is accidentally killed.

After the rocket ship launches into space, Mitchell is surprised to see that Lisa is on board; she had previously convinced Toby to let her go on the flight instead of him. Despite the revelation that the bodies of Crenshaw and Vanessa are not on board, Mitchell and Frank attempt to jettison the spaceship's second stage, resulting in an explosion, causing their spacecraft to go out of control. Mitchell, however, releases the fail-safe, saving them from destruction and allowing the spaceship to return safely to Earth.

Cast

 * Howard Duff as Dr Stephen Mitchell
 * Eva Bartok as Dr Lisa Frank
 * Alan Wheatley as Dr Smith
 * Philip Leaver as Professor Koepler
 * Michael Medwin as Dr Toby Andrews
 * Andrew Osborn as Dr Philip Crenshaw
 * Cecile Chevreau as Vanessa Mitchell
 * Anthony Ireland as General Hayes
 * Hugh Moxey as Colonel Alfred Daniels
 * David Horne as Minister

Production
Principal photography took place at Ray Studios, Windsor, England from mid-November 1952 to early January 1953. Some of the scenes of the spaceship taking off were special effects shots taken from the Lippert film, Rocketship X-M (1950) Some filming also occurred at Bray Studios in Berkshire.

Critical reception
Monthly Film Bulletin said: "The first British science-fiction picture is a dull and shoddy affair. Too much footage is wasted on a kind of poor man's version of The Net, and the gadgetry and adventures when they do come are ludicrous and unexciting. Eva Bartok's mathematician may please the connoisseurs."

Kine Weekly said: "Interplanetary melodrama, artfully coloured by pseudo-scientific jargon and detail. ... There is not a great deal of action during the first half, but the shrewd deployment of interesting and widely assorted types rivets the attention until the space-ship finally comes into its own. ... One of many, but better than most '"aerial extravaganzas," it'll entertain youngsters of all ages."

Variety wrote: "Terence Fisher's direction is extremely methodical, as is the playing, and script constantly betrays its radio play origin by running to long sides of static dialog. Very little excitement is whipped up, although the finale rocket flight and danger to the hero and heroine, has a fair amount of suspense. ... Picture needs considerable editorial tightening."

Boxoffice said: "The offering is believably plotted and capably enacted, while from the production standpoint the values of the piece are considerably bolstered by the injection of what appear to be authentic clips of rocket takeoff and flight. ...To appeal to feminine audiences, a logical romantic thread has been woven into the story."

In British Sound Films: The Studio Years 1928–1959 David Quinlan rated the film as “mediocre” and wrote: "Pretty lame British entry into science-fiction."

The Radio Times Guide to Films gave the film 1/5 stars, writing: "Why did anybody who read the radio play on which this is based think it was worth doing anything with it other than hurl it across the room? The plot has leads Howard Duff and Eva Bartok blasting off in pursuit of a satellite to prove Duff's innocence following an accusation of double murder. Terence Fisher's funereal pace kills this cheaply-made picture stone dead long before the dénouement."

Glenn Erickson, writing in DVD Savant, noted: "The disappointment of Spaceways is finding out that it is really a lukewarm murder mystery in a science fiction setting".

title: Spaceways


text:
KSHB-TV

KSHB-TV (channel 41) is a television station in Kansas City, Missouri, United States, affiliated with NBC. It is owned by the E. W. Scripps Company alongside Lawrence, Kansas–licensed independent station KMCI-TV (channel 38). The two stations share studios on Oak Street in southern Kansas City, Missouri; KSHB-TV's transmitter is located at the Blue River Greenway in the city's Hillcrest section.

Channel 41 in Kansas City began broadcasting after years of delays as KBMA-TV on September 28, 1970. Owned by and named for the Business Men's Assurance Company, it was the second independent station for Kansas City to sign on the air within twelve months. However, it outlasted competitor KCIT-TV thanks to its superior financial backing and was the primary independent in the market in the 1970s and 1980s, airing syndicated reruns, movies, and local sports with occasional forays into local news programming. Scripps acquired majority control of the station in 1977 and renamed the station KSHB-TV four years later upon its relocation into its present studio facilities. It joined the Fox network at its inception in 1986 and debuted its first full-length news program in 1993.

An affiliation switch in 1994 converted KSHB-TV into the market's NBC affiliate as WDAF-TV (channel 4) became the new Fox affiliate. The station quadrupled its news staff, expanded its facilities, and modified its news format as a result of the change. However, it took years for the station to have much traction in the local news ratings, and it experienced turnover in personnel, management, and strategy.

KBMA-TV: Early years
In 1964 and 1965, the Federal Communications Commission received a series of applications proposing new television stations on channel 25 in Kansas City, a channel that had lay fallow since the 1954 closure of KCTY. The first came from Hawthorn Television of Chicago, which was soon joined by Westport Television—led by William D. Grant, the president of the Business Men's Assurance Company (BMA)—as well as Midway Television of Rockford, Illinois, a subsidiary of Massachusetts-based Springfield Television, and another local group, Allied Television.

The rapidly shifting field was also affected by two national overhauls of the UHF table of allocations in the span of a year. The channel 25 field was essentially split to two new channel assignments, 30 and 36. In October 1965, Westport got the construction permit for channel 30. It was revised again in early 1966 to specify channel 41. KBMA-TV, named for Business Men's Assurance, continued to exist only on paper for another four and a half years after being assigned to channel 41. By the time Allied's station—which was reassigned channel 50 and began as KCIT-TV in October 1969—began broadcasting and gave Kansas City its first independent station, the station was still unbuilt and needed yet more time due to a local construction strike. It had not been able to find land for a studio site in Kansas City, Missouri, and had tentatively agreed to construct facilities in Fairway, Kansas, requiring FCC approval.

The picture finally came into focus in 1970. The transmitter facility was built on WDAF-TV's tower, while station offices were located on the 18th floor of the BMA Tower. The station was automated, an innovation for that period, with a computer preparing station logs and switching video inputs. The first telecast was made on the afternoon of September 28, 1970: after a welcome message from general manager Bob Wormington, the first program was the live cartoon show 41 Treehouse Lane, featuring host Ed Muscare. Within a year, Kansas City had gone from being the largest U.S. market without an independent station to having two of them run by twin brothers. It almost did not turn out this way. In late 1969 and early 1970, negotiations had taken place between Allied and Westport Television. Shortly before KCIT began broadcasting, Grant proposed to buy a controlling stake in KCIT-TV, donate the studio equipment purchased for KBMA-TV and the channel 50 physical plant to local public television station KCSD-TV to become a two-channel operation, and move KCIT-TV to channel 41. He then later proposed merging the two stations on channel 50 and donating channel 41 to the University of Missouri. Stockholders in KCIT-TV rebuffed both overtures. Within a year, however, KCIT-TV was out of business. It left the air on July 8, 1971, citing a poor economy as its reason to shut down. The move bolstered channel 41, now the only independent in the market, which moved to pick up the preempted network programs channel 50 had carried in the Kansas City area and some of its syndicated programming inventory.

Benno C. Schmidt of New York acquired controlling interest in the station in 1971, with BMA remaining a major creditor. The insurer then repurchased a minority stake in Westport Television in 1975. The station continued to be a technical innovator. In 1974, it engaged in a plan to feed Kansas City Royals home telecasts to cable systems in 12 states. This business grew into a separate company, known as Target Network Television, by 1975. In 1976, it filed the first application by any TV station for a satellite earth station, becoming the second station in the United States to use one.

During the 1970s, channel 41 offered a wide variety of programming. When the Royals brought their television and radio operation in-house in 1972, KBMA-TV was selected as the originating station for the television network. By 1975, it was the broadcast home of Royals baseball, Kansas City Kings basketball, and Kansas City Scouts hockey; the Royals remained on channel 41 through 1979, moving to WDAF-TV. Muscare continued as a host of horror and daytime movies before leaving in 1977.

Schmidt and BMA sold Westport Television in 1977 to Scripps-Howard Broadcasting, the radio and television division of the E. W. Scripps Company, for $7.5 million. Its first order of business was to construct a proper studio facility; KBMA-TV had been producing programs in facilities located near the BMA Tower, which only contained its offices. In May 1978, the company obtained approval to construct studios at Brush Creek and Oak on a site of land where neighbors had previously rejected a proposed post office; Scripps-Howard had considered and rejected sites at Crown Center and in Overland Park, Kansas.

KSHB-TV: The independent and Fox years
On September 28, 1981, coinciding with the station's move into the completed Oak Street facility, the station's call letters were changed from KBMA-TV to KSHB-TV, representing owner Scripps-Howard Broadcasting. The call sign change coincided with a more aggressive programming attitude led by Wormington, which included increased local programming not possible without the larger facilities, which included two studios. One of these new local programs was All Night Live, wraparound segments around films and classic reruns in the overnight hours; Muscare returned to the station as host. A similar program in the late morning hours, A.M. Live, debuted in September 1982. By this time, the station had grown with the spread of cable television in mid-America; it was seen in 600,000 cable households from Iowa to Arkansas.

The 1980s saw increased competition. For the first time since 1971, the market had two independent stations after the December 1983 launch of KEKR-TV on channel 62. However, that station initially failed to spend adequately on programming and did not attract much attention in the market. KSHB-TV local programs included the Kings, who remained on the station even though they failed to attract significant advertising revenue; they departed KSHB-TV after 10 years for KEKR-TV in the 1984–85 season. At the same time, the station's regional cable coverage was waning. At the end of 1985, the cable systems in Wichita, Kansas, and Lincoln, Nebraska, removed channel 41 from their lineups, citing program duplication to other services; the loss of the Royals, the original reason for their addition in Wichita; copyright fees the systems paid to broadcast the distant station; and poor reception of KSHB-TV by microwave.

KSHB became a charter affiliate of the Fox Broadcasting Company when that network launched on October 9, 1986. The station had stronger programming with more first-run shows as a result of the Fox affiliation and a changing syndication market. Wormington retired at the end of 1992, capping a 22-year run at channel 41 in which he had started and led the station, helped found the National Association of Independent Television Stations, and risen to vice chairman of the Fox affiliate board of governors.

Wormington's replacement was Charlotte Moore English, the first woman and first Black person to be a general manager in Kansas City broadcast history. English oversaw the rollout of a full-length local newscast, which debuted on August 1, 1993.

As an NBC affiliate
On May 23, 1994, as a result of Fox outbidding CBS for the rights to partial rights to the National Football League, New World Communications reached an agreement with Fox parent News Corporation in which the latter company purchased a 20 percent equity interest and reached a multi-year affiliation agreement with New World. Under the terms of the deal, New World would affiliate most of the twelve television stations that the company had either owned outright or was in the process of acquiring—specifically those affiliated with one of the "Big Three" networks—with the Fox network, once individual affiliation contracts with each of the stations' existing network partners expired. The only NBC affiliate among the twelve stations was WDAF-TV. Earlier in the month, New World had announced the purchase of WDAF-TV from Great American Communications alongside three other major-market stations.

The result was that NBC needed a new affiliate in the Kansas City market and KSHB-TV was left without a network affiliation. Scripps owned three Fox affiliates, all of which lost the network in the New World switches. The other two local stations—CBS affiliate KCTV, owned by Meredith Corporation, and Hearst-owned and ABC-affiliated KMBC-TV—each resigned with their respective networks. In the case of the former, Meredith stood ready to flip KCTV to NBC if CBS bypassed its Phoenix TV station, KPHO-TV, in a market where CBS was the displaced network.

In late July, Scripps signed an affiliation agreement with NBC. The switch was set for September 12, 1994, kickstarting a frantic month of changes in programming and personnel at KSHB-TV and WDAF-TV. A newsroom that had 18 employees had to grow to more than 70 in order to begin the production of early evening newscasts by the end of 1994. Plans were also floated to construct an addition to the Oak Street studio, which was approved in 1996. Dozens of syndicated programs were displaced in the market, particularly at KSHB-TV, which had to make room for NBC's larger program schedule; Fox Kids programs were not picked up by WDAF-TV and instead went to KSMO-TV. A.M. Live also ended its twelve-year run on the air. On the first day of the switch, Willard Scott broadcast the weather for The Today Show from the front lawn of the studios; later that week, Tom Brokaw anchored the NBC Nightly News from Kansas City.

In April 1996, Scripps-Howard Broadcasting took over the operations of KMCI (channel 38) in Lawrence, Kansas, under a local marketing agreement with then-owner Miller Television; that August, the station dropped its home shopping programming and relaunched as "38 Family Greats", in part utilizing programming to which channel 41 had held the rights but had not been able to air since the 1994 affiliation switch. Exercising an option from the 1996 pact with Miller, Scripps bought KMCI outright for $14.6 million in 2000, forming a legal duopoly with KSHB. In July 2003, KSHB and KMCI relocated their transmitter facilities to an 1,164 ft tower at the Blue River Greenway in the Hillcrest section of southern Kansas City. KSHB-TV was the primary NBC affiliate for St. Joseph—within range of its transmitter but defined as a separate media market—from 1994 until 2016, when KNPG-LD (channel 21) was relaunched as an NBC affiliate and displaced KSHB-TV from local satellite TV packages. Suddenlink Communications, the primary cable provider in St. Joseph, then removed KSHB-TV from its lineup in 2017.

A jury found in 2019 that KSHB-TV retaliated against former reporter Lisa Benson Cooper, who is Black; she was fired in 2018 after suing Scripps two years prior, alleging she had been passed over for job opportunities because of her race. Scripps alleged that she had not applied for the positions and cited other reasons, including social media posts, for her suspension and termination. Though the jury awarded damages on the retaliation claim stemming from her firing, it found against her claim of racial discrimination. A second discrimination suit was filed by Demetrice "Dee" Jackson, who alleged that he had been passed over twice in favor of White men after applying to be sports director; this was settled out of court in February 2020, after the station released Jackson in late 2019.

Pre-1993 news
Beginning at the start of the 1980s, channel 41 dabbled in producing local news programming. In 1980, when Independent Network News debuted, the station began producing five-minute news briefs to air at the beginning and end of the program. After moving into the Oak Street studios, KSHB-TV continually made noise about starting a full-length nightly newscast of its own, beginning with the 1982 hiring of a news director. However, it took quite some time for any newscast to eventuate.

41 Express began airing on June 2, 1985. The 15-minute 10 p.m. newscast had no traditional anchors—stories were read by a rotation of existing reporters and two announcers already heard on local radio—and prompted the station to expand its news staff from six to twelve people. Despite the shorter length, the newscast—which used zippy graphics and segment titles—gave almost as much time to news coverage as the full-length newscasts on the local network affiliates (though with a heavier focus on national stories), with abbreviated weather and sports reports. There were, however, drawbacks: news staffers were quick to bolt for openings at the established stations, where reporters were seen on camera and news approaches were more traditional. The format was tweaked by May 1986, with more sightings of on-camera news anchors and reporters and an increased share of local news stories. Ratings were also low, and they failed to improve after 41 Express was moved to 11 p.m., after The Late Show, in late 1986; as a result, the newscast was canceled in January 1987 and replaced with more traditional news breaks.

A return to news
By early 1993, KSHB-TV's news presence consisted of four prime time news briefs. However, Scripps began planning to launch a nightly 9 p.m. newscast for the station. Mark Olinger was hired as news director; he had last worked at KSTW, an independent station in the Seattle market that produced local newscasts. There, he had come under fire and ultimately quit in the middle of a ratings period, having orchestrated the layoffs or demotions of several veteran on-air personalities. Olinger formulated a conversational style of news writing, with phrases like "cop" instead of "police officer", and derided the appearance of news sets at his network competitors as sterile "airline counters".

On August 1, 1993, Fox 41 News at 9:00 debuted. The original Sunday–Thursday anchors were Pam Davis, a former soap opera actress and reporter in Sacramento, California, and Jim Condelles, who had last worked in Indianapolis. While the newscast made heavy use of video, the format also de-emphasized weather, presented in a forecast running about 40 seconds each night, and lacked sports completely. The anchors signed off each night by telling the viewer, "See ya!"

NBC expansion
Concomitant with becoming an NBC affiliate in September 1994, the station moved its 9 p.m. newscast to 10 p.m. and immediately began the process of expanding its newsroom to eventually produce a full suite of local newscasts. This required adding 54 people to an existing staff of 18. It initially did little to change the young-skewing format adopted as a Fox affiliate, though the set was lightened to better match the NBC Nightly News.

The news expansion took place over a period of nearly two years. The first new program to debut, in October 1994, was a half-hour early-evening newscast at 5 p.m., which was conceived as primarily containing feature reports geared toward women with segments like "Just for Women" and health feature "Howdaya Feel". On March 13, 1995, a 6 p.m. newscast followed, emphasizing local and breaking news stories. By this time, the newscast was adopting a more mainstream format, and Olinger and executive producer Jeff Burnside departed in December. The news expansions were completed in June 1996 with the addition of a 90-minute weekday morning newscast at 5:30 a.m.

Though the newsroom had successfully grown to the size and output expected of an NBC affiliate, the station's news ratings remained low. Barry Garron of The Kansas City Star cited the profusion of out-of-town news reporters and the general lack of stability; Condelles was demoted to weekends, a decision Garron panned as "a new shipment of razor blades" to an operation he characterized as sabotaging itself. Lynn Heider became news director after Olinger; while she was credited by Aaron Barnhart of The Star with hiring Kansas City-area native Elizabeth Alex—who remained with the station until 2013 —and with setting up an investigative reporting unit, the station continued to be stuck in fourth place in the market, even if it was doing slightly better than before at 10 p.m. in retaining NBC prime time viewers who were switching to other stations for local news.

In 1997, the station attempted a radical shakeup of its early evening news programming. It scrapped its separate 5 and 6 p.m. newscasts in favor of a single half-hour newscast at 6:30 p.m., where there was no local news offering in the market at the time and where stations rarely programmed their own newscasts. The move was not a ratings or business success, and in March 1999, the station reverted to airing 5 and 6 p.m. newscasts. It also extended its morning news to two hours at the request of NBC, which was launching Early Today and wanted stations to program a full two hours of news between that program and The Today Show.

Since acquiring KMCI-TV, at various points, channel 38 has aired newscasts from the KSHB-TV newsroom. The first local newscast at channel 38, at 9 p.m., debuted in 2000; it was scrapped in 2003, a victim of low ratings. News returned to channel 38 in 2015, when a 7 a.m. morning news extension was added.

Action News
In January 2003, the station rebranded as "NBC Action News", removing references to the channel number; it also extended its morning newscast even further out to 4 a.m. The brand was tweaked to "41 Action News" in 2012, with station management noting that people still called the station "channel 41" despite not having used the channel number in on-air promotion in nearly a decade. Despite the brand having gone mostly unchanged, there had been significant turnover in management: between 1999 and 2014, KSHB-TV had four general managers and five news directors.

For the first time in its history, KSHB-TV experienced ratings momentum in the late 2000s and early 2010s. It had stanched the bleeding of viewers: where 10 p.m. news viewership once represented a 40 percent decline from NBC's prime time lead-ins, by the time general manager Jim Swinehart retired in 2006, the station was actually gaining viewers for its late news compared to the preceding programming. In November 2013, it registered a time slot win at 6 p.m., the first time in station history it had the number-one newscast at that time slot and culminating a steady rise dating back five years; it also eked out its first monthly win in late news during the February 2014 sweeps period, through the strength of having NBC's broadcast of the 2014 Winter Olympics as its lead-in, which helped increase its news ratings in the period by 46 percent. However, the station was still third in early morning news and at 10 p.m. outside of the Olympics. The early 2010s also saw the station expand its morning newscast back to a 4:30 a.m. start, add a 4:30 p.m. newscast in 2011 and expand it to a full hour at 4 in 2013, and win the Alfred I. duPont-Columbia University Award for breaking news for its coverage of the natural gas explosion that leveled JJ's Restaurant in downtown Kansas City.

The Action News brand was dropped in 2021 in favor of "KSHB 41 News" under general manager Kathleen Choal.

Sports programming
Under a six-year agreement, KSHB and KMCI replaced KCTV as the official broadcast partners of the Kansas City Chiefs in 2019, giving the stations exclusive rights to team programming, including preseason contests beginning in 2020, plus marketing opportunities.

On November 6, 2013, Scripps announced a broadcasting agreement between KSHB/KMCI and Sporting Kansas City, which gave KMCI the local broadcast television rights to the Major League Soccer (MLS) club's regular season matches and its pre-game and post-game shows beginning with the team's 2014 season. The deal also allowed both stations the rights to carry team-focused specials during the regular season. The relationship between the Scripps stations and Sporting Kansas City continued through 2022, after which Apple assumed the rights, local and national, to all MLS teams.

Non-news
In September 2005, KSHB debuted a locally produced mid-morning talk show titled Kansas City Live. This show aired until January 2008 and was the first such program on the station since Kansas City Today, which aired between 1998 and 1999; despite making money, it was a casualty of the introduction of Later Today by NBC. The introduction of a fourth hour of Today in 2007 and a desire to add more newscast hours were reasons for the cancellation.

From 2015 to 2018, the station aired Nichols at Night, a locally produced late-night talk show hosted by former KMBC-TV weather anchor Joel Nichols; he had joined the station a year before to present a revived Kansas City Live.

Notable former on-air staff

 * Chris Hernandez – reporter (2004–2012)
 * Russ Ptacek – investigative reporter (2006–2012)

Subchannels
The station's signal is multiplexed: {{legend|#DFEBF6|Broadcast on behalf of another station}}

KSHB-TV transmits two subchannels of KMCI-TV, one of Kansas City's two ATSC 3.0 (NextGen TV) stations; channel 38 began broadcasting a ATSC 3.0 signal in August 2021.

Analog-to-digital transition
KSHB-TV shut down its analog signal, over UHF channel 41, on June 12, 2009, the official date on which full-power television stations in the United States transitioned from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate. The station's digital signal continued to broadcast on its pre-transition UHF channel 42, using virtual channel 41. As part of the FCC's repack, KSHB-TV moved to channel 36 on February 11, 2019.

title: KSHB-TV


text:
Mafraq Governorate

Mafraq (محافظة المفرق Muhāfaẓat al-Mafraq, local dialects Mafrag or Mafra' ) is one of the governorates of Jordan, located to the north-east of Amman, capital of Jordan. It has a population of 637,000 (2021 estimate) making up 5.8% of Jordan's population. Its capital is Mafraq, which is known for its military bases.

History
Many Roman and Byzantine sites have been found throughout the governorate, most notably churches dating to the third century AD; believed to be two of the oldest purpose built churches in Christianity: and Roman water dams in Jawa, Ruwaished, and the city of Mafraq. The Jawa Dam is the oldest known dam in the world, dating back to 3000 B.C. Mafraq city also contains a Roman fort.

During the British mandate period, Mafraq housed military facilities which are still in use today. The fifth division of the Jordanian Army is stationed in Mafraq.

Geography
The province is located in the eastern part of the kingdom of Jordan. It is the only governorate in Jordan that has borders with three countries: Iraq to the east, Syria to the north, and Saudi Arabia to the south. It is bordered by Irbid and Jerash governorates to the west, and by Zarqa governorate to the south.

Mafraq governorate covers the second largest area in the kingdom, but yet the second smallest population density (after Ma'an). The climate is dry most of the year. The western region of the province is part of the fertile Houran plateaus, that extend through southern Syria, the Golan heights and northern Jordan. The eastern region is part of the barren Syrian Desert. At the eastern edge of the region is the 940m high (or 'Unayzah), at the border tripoint between Jordan, Iraq and Saudi Arabia. The Governorate is connected to Iraq through the Karameh Border Crossing, and to Syria through the Jabir Border Crossing.

Demographics
The population of Mafraq Governorate according to the census of 2004 was 244,188 of whom 30% is considered urban and 70% is rural. Jordanian citizens made up about 94% of the population. The Jordanian Department of Statistics population estimate for the year 2010 is 287,300 with a female to male ratio of 48.17 to 51.83 and a population density of 10.8 persons per km2. In 2011 and 2012, the civil war in Syria resulted in the immigration of more than 180,000 Syrian refugees to Jordan, mostly settled in Mafraq and Irbid Governorates. In July 2012, the Zaatari refugee camp was opened in Mafraq Governorate for Syrian refugees. The World Bank 2018 estimate records the population now at 593,900 people.

The population of districts according to census results:

Administrative divisions
Mafraq Governorate is divided into four districts (liwa) and fourteen sub-districts (qda):

Economy
Agriculture forms a central element of the economy for Mafraq Governorate, especially in the Houran Plateau in the western part of the province. The total area of fruit farms in the province in 2008 was 48.676 km2, with a total production of 101874 tons of fruits mainly apples and peaches, according to the ministry of Agriculture. The total area of vegetable farms in the province for 2008 was 8.295 km2 with a total production of 15540 tons, with cabbage, onions, garlic, and lettuce being the main products.

There is one natural gas production field at Al-Reeshah, it is run by the Jordanian National Petroleum Company. In 2008, British Petroleum purchased the rights to produce natural gas in the field, and is expected to increase its capacity from 21 cuft to 300 million cubic feet per day in the next five years. The natural gas produced at Al-Reeshah is used entirely for producing electricity at a nearby electricity generating station with a capacity of 120 Megawatts, covering 12% of the total needs of the kingdom for the year 2008.

The city of Mafraq hosts Al al-Bayt University, which is the only university in the governorate.

title: Mafraq Governorate


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Vince Grella

Vincenzo Grella (born 5 October 1979) is an Australian former footballer who played as a midfielder. Born in Dandenong to Italian immigrants, Antonio and Maria, Grella began his senior career in Australia before moving to Italy, where he spent over ten years, playing for Empoli, Ternana, Parma and Torino. He moved to Blackburn Rovers of the Premier League in 2008 where he spent four seasons, before returning to Australia in 2012 to play for Melbourne Heart.

He retired from professional football in January 2013, after a long-standing struggle with injuries. Grella represented the Australian national team on 46 occasions, and played at the 2006 and 2010 World Cups. His 2010 FIFA World Cup profile describes him as a possessing the "ability to mop up loose balls and halt opposition counter-attacks."

Italy
He had a ten-year stint in Italy's professional leagues after beginning his career in the NSL. He has been a regular for Australia since 2003, playing in his customary defensive midfield position, and was involved in both the 2006 World Cup and the 2007 Asian Cup. Grella's friendship with Australian teammate Mark Bresciano is well known. Grella has described Bresciano as "even more than a brother"; they played together at the AIS, Carlton and Empoli, and were reunited in 2004 when Grella joined Parma, before Bresciano moved on to Palermo in 2006. Aged 19, Grella made his debut in Serie A with Empoli, in a match against Juventus at the Stadio Delle Alpi, where his first job was to mark Zinedine Zidane. (Empoli held Juventus to a 0–0 draw). Grella built up his reputation in Italy during his time with Empoli, to overcome initial doubts about his suitability to Serie A and earn the respect of the Italian media, coaches and fellow players. Grella was widely linked with a move to A.C. Milan in 2003, although the proposed transfer never eventuated, and he moved to Parma a year later. While at Parma, both Grella and Bresciano were excused from the 2005 Confederations Cup by the then-Australian manager Frank Farina to allow the pair to take part in a relegation playoff between Parma and Bologna–which Parma won, to avoid relegation.

Grella was named as captain of Parma for the 2006–07 season, and played a key role helping the team avoid relegation from Serie A for a second consecutive season. On 20 June 2007, Grella signed a three-year contract with Torino, one of several new signings made by The Bull. The move to Torino was a free transfer due to the expiry of his contract with Parma. During his one season in Turin, he was a regular member of the side, although his season was interrupted by injury on several occasions. He scored one league goal for Torino, a powerful volley from the edge of the penalty area, which cannoned in off the far post to draw level with Fiorentina. The goal was a candidate for goal of the month for January in Serie A. It was only the sixth league-goal of his career. From July 2022 he assumes the position of vice president and CEO of the Catania SSD owned by Ross Pelligra Australian of Sicilian origins

Blackburn Rovers
On 26 August 2008, Grella joined English then Premier League outfit Blackburn Rovers on a four-year deal, for an undisclosed fee, rumoured to be around £4m (with the initial fee later revealed as €4.2m), having previously been linked to fellow Premiership club Fulham. He joined fellow Australian Brett Emerton at the club. He made his first appearance for the club in a 4–1 loss to West Ham United at Upton Park, where he played the first 45 minutes, picking up a yellow card and providing an assist with a header for the only Blackburn goal, before being substituted at half-time for Keith Andrews. A calf injury kept him out of the side for a month following his debut, and he returned to the side in a 1–1 draw with Middlesbrough at Ewood Park, playing the full game in the centre of midfield. This was his home debut, and he was later named man-of-the-match for his performance.

The following 3 years he spent at the club were a frustrating time for Grella, and Blackburn Rovers fans, with injuries disrupting his stay at Rovers. A succession of knee, groin and calf problems would ultimately rule him out for vast majority of his contract. After the 2010–11 season, Blackburn Rovers revealed their desire to transfer Grella. However, with his history of injuries, no offers were made, and he left Blackburn Rovers upon the expiry of his contract at the end of the 2011/12 Barclays Premier League season, a season in which he only made 2 appearances. Over the last 2 years of his contract, Grella was only able to make a total of 9 appearances due to injuries.

Melbourne City
On 16 October 2012, he signed with Australian A-League club Melbourne City on a one-year deal. Previously, Grella stated he announced his intention to return to Italy next season, rather go back to his home country. But in the unexpected event, Grella says former national teammate and now manager of Melbourne City, John Aloisi convinced Grella to play football in Australia. Two months after the move, continuously having injuries, Aloisi revealed he's making a comeback from injury and just returned to training.

Vince Grella made his A-League debut for the Melbourne City on Australia Day, 26 January 2013 against the Western Sydney Wanderers at the Parramatta Stadium as a 68th minute replacement for Jonatan Germano. He officially announced his retirement two days later due to a torn calf that he picked up in his one match for Melbourne City. In an interview with the Australian FourFourTwo Magazine, Grella spoke out his retirement and said:

It was a crushing blow, but I'd done everything in my power to give me the best possible chance to be successful, When I realised that I couldn't be successful anymore, I made the decision not to play on. Ending in this way and not ending because of a lack of passion or a lack of enjoyment in playing football, but because of a physical problem that doesn't allow you to compete anymore - that's what leaves a bitter taste in my mouth. I work really hard, and not just this time, but all the previous times that I've made comebacks I've always been confident, tried and left no stone unturned. It's been frustrating because I'm a competitor and I've always tried to compete at the top level as often as possible. But to enjoy those really good times, you've got to be able to accept the really bad times. For me now, it's just about getting back to the family and having a couple of months off to refresh the mind.

International career
Grella was a regular member of the Socceroos; he represented the Australian Under-23s at the 2000 Summer Olympics and received his first senior cap when he came on as a second-half substitute in the international friendly against England in 2003, which Australia won 3–1 at West Ham's Upton Park stadium. In November 2005, Grella played in both legs of the World Cup play-off against Uruguay, where Australia qualified for the 2006 World Cup for the first time in 32 years. At the World Cup, Grella's displays in the heart of Australia's midfield saw him named in a preliminary squad for FIFA's team of the tournament, the only Australian to make this list.

On 13 November 2006, Grella was selected as captain for an international friendly in London against Ghana, making him the 51st player to captain the Australia football team. On 21 July 2007 in Hanoi, Vietnam, Grella was sent off in the 76th minute of Australia's 2007 Asian Cup quarter-final against Japan. Leaping for a header, Grella's forearm connected with Naohiro Takahara's head, who had come from behind Grella, sending the latter to the ground. The game was 1–1 at the time and remained that way until the end of extra time, with Japan eliminating Australia from the tournament in a penalty shoot-out. He has currently amassed 46 caps for Australia since making his debut back in February 2003.

Post-playing career
In July 2022, Grella moved back to Italy, after being named vice-president and CEO of Sicilian Serie D club Catania following the club's rebirth under an Australian ownership with Pelligra Group.

In February 2024, it was announced that Pelligra Group had purchased Australian club Perth Glory. Grella was a key figure in the sale and will play a role in running the club.

International

 * Source:

Personal life
Grella and his wife, Barbara, have twin daughters, Victoria and Sophia, born in 2002. Grella first met Barbara while she was working in a shoe store in Empoli, Italy, which Grella frequently visited to buy shoes following their first meeting. He is fluent in Italian.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DLjicdLytqA

title: Vince Grella


text:
Weeping Wall (Montana)

Weeping Wall is a geological formation found along Going-to-the-Sun Road in Glacier National Park, in the U.S. state of Montana. It is a natural waterfall that seeps out from the side of Haystack Butte and the Garden Wall, and is fed by runoff from snowmelt.

title: Weeping Wall (Montana)


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Green Mountain, New Brunswick

Green Mountain is a rural community in York County, New Brunswick, Canada.

Green Mountain is known for its scenic views of the surrounding area of northwestern New Brunswick and adjacent northeastern Maine, including Mount Katahdin (Maine's highest mountain) and East Grand Lake which is bisected by the International Boundary.

History
Green Mountain has its roots in the farming and forestry industries, with much of the mountain being cleared in the early-to-mid-19th century to allow for such industry to expand and grow. The community had a school, post office, and church to serve the needs of the population.

As time wore on, the population dwindled and farming became less attractive with the rocky and clay soil conditions. Today, forestry and construction are the only means of employment for the community's small population. Many of the residents commute to locations as far away as Fredericton and Woodstock to work. Home construction boomed in the mid and late 1990s as several new cottages were constructed on the shores of East Grand Lake.

Today, few people reside in the small border community, with the number of summer cottage owners likely surpassing the number of full-time residents.

The following is how Inez (Foster) Lounder described the community as recorded in her notes December 20, 1910:

Green Mountain is situated on the Eastern bank of the Grand Chipineticook Lake, Grand Lake being one of the lakes that form part of the boundary line between the Province of New Brunswick and the State of Maine. The place is about 22 miles from Lakeland Ridges and about 18 miles from Danforth and Forest Station; the latter two stations being situated on the line of the Maine Central Railroad Company in the State of Maine.

The first settler that came to this place was Elias Foster in the year of 1853. When he first came here he lived in a log house on the farm occupied now by W.B. Foster. He lived there about a year and then moved up to the farm occupied now by J.L. Foster. He and his wife and two children lived there for two years with no settlers any nearer than Foster’s Corner -- now called Fosterville, with the exception of two young men who lived here in the summer seasons on the farms occupied now by H.H. Veysey and George McMinn. The next settler that came was William Rollins who lived on the farm occupied now by Whiteford Peck.

About three years after the first settler came, other settlers began to come in quite quickly.

In the year 1863, Henry Pray and George Robinson came here and moved to what is called the Balm of Gilead Point. They lived there for a while when they sold out and other settlers began to come in.

When the first settlers came here there were no roads, only sled roads from here to Fosterville. From here to Canterbury there were no roads only a spotted line. After a few years roads were made between here and Canterbury Station.

The mail came in once a week and it was carried part way by a team and the rest of the way on foot by Samuel Cropley. The North Lake Post Office was located at that time what is now called Fosterville and it was kept by William Foster. About the year 1876 it was transferred to Green Mountain and kept by J.R. Foster for about 10 years. It was then transferred to H.H. Veysey where it is kept at the present.

An article in The Daily Gleaner, the daily newspaper from Fredericton, author unknown, described Green Mountain as a scenic community with a blacksmith shop and a couple of stores. Lumbering and farming were the main industries. Although the land was extremely rocky, farmers were gradually clearing the land by using dynamite on the rocks and stumps. Obviously, farming was not the main attraction that drew settlers to Green Mountain.

title: Green Mountain, New Brunswick


text:
Talk:Beer-sheva

From WP:RfD:

 * Beer-sheva → Beersheba -- Beer-sheva is now listed as the redirect page for Beersheba. Beer-sheva should be deleted because the proper, official and most popular (according to Google) spelling of the name of the city in Israel is Beer-Sheva and NOT Beer-sheva (not capitalized s) and also NOT Beersheba (no hyphen and second b instead of v). The article's current name (Beersheba) cannot be edited to the correct spelling (ie Beer-Sheva) without deleting Beer-sheva (which is the the badly spelt redirect) this is because of the identical spellings of Beer-sheva and Beer-Sheva. As I understand it the only solution is to delete Beer-sheva and then do the redirect. Ben Qish 05:55, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * You should put this on requested moves, see the instructions there. --fvw *  05:50, August 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * You don’t have to delete a redirect just because you want to create one with a different capitalisation. Susvolans (pigs can fly) 07:38, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Plus to which, it's much better known as "Beersheba" in English anyway, so the article ought to stay at Beersheba. (And I simply don't understand the comment about name cannot be edited without deleting this bad, misspelt redirect, which is not correct. Noel (talk) 21:57, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * It's not the most popular spelling in English. I got the following results, for pages in English:
 * about 626,000 for "Beersheba"
 * about 419,000 for "Beer-sheva"
 * about 420,000 for "Beer-sheva"
 * So I repeat my previous assertion that it's "Beersheba" in English. Noel (talk) 00:27, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Beer-sheva


text: Template:Edgar class cruiser

title: Template:Edgar class cruiser


text:
Bari Bari Densetsu

Bari Bari Densetsu (バリバリ伝説) is a Japanese motorbike racing-themed manga series written and illustrated by Shuichi Shigeno. It was serialized in Kodansha's shōnen manga magazine Weekly Shōnen Magazine from 1983 to 1991, with its chapters collected in 38 tankōbon volumes.

Earlier parts of the story focus both on high school life as well as street racing. At first the characters are illegal street racers (Japanese: hashiriya) that race on public roads, particularly on the winding mountain roads known as tōge. Those kind of racers were called "rolling-zoku", a type of bōsōzoku, and were seen as a social problem in Japan. Later parts of the story revolve around professional motorcycle racing events held on road circuits like the All Japan Road Race Championship.

Characters

 * Gun Koma (巨摩 郡)
 * A motorcycle racer. He rides a Honda CB750 as well as a Suzuki GSX-R.
 * A motorcycle racer. He rides a Honda CB750 as well as a Suzuki GSX-R.

 * Ai Itou (伊藤 歩惟)
 * Gun's girlfriend.
 * Gun's girlfriend.

 * Hideyoshi Hijiri (聖 秀吉)
 * Gun's friendly rival. He rides a Suzuki Katana.
 * Gun's friendly rival. He rides a Suzuki Katana.

 * Hiro Okita (沖田 比呂)
 * Gun's best friend. He rides a Kawasaki Z400GP.
 * Gun's best friend. He rides a Kawasaki Z400GP.

 * Miyuki Ichinose (一ノ瀬 美由紀)
 * The daughter of the Ichinose Racing Team president. She is in love with Hiro. Miyuki rides a Honda VT250F.
 * The daughter of the Ichinose Racing Team president. She is in love with Hiro. Miyuki rides a Honda VT250F.

 * Tomoyo Hijiri (聖 知代)
 * Hideyoshi's sister. She lost her parents in car accident.
 * Hideyoshi's sister. She lost her parents in car accident.

Manga
Written and illustrated by Shuichi Shigeno, Bari Bari Densetsu was serialized in Kodansha's Weekly Shōnen Magazine from March 9, 1983, to July 17, 1991. Kodansha collected its chapters in thirty-eight tankōbon volumes, released from October 14, 1983, to August 6, 1991.

OVA
A two-episode original video animation (OVA) adaptation produced by Pierrot, Part I: Tsukuba and Part II: Suzuka, was released in 1986. The episodes were later re-edited and released in theaters in August 1987 by Nippon Herald (now part of Kadokawa Pictures).

A Blu-Ray version was released in Japan on July 21, 2023.

Video games
Two video games were released:
 * Bari Bari Densetsu - FM-7 (1985)
 * Bari Bari Densetsu - TurboGrafx-16 (1989)

Gun Koma also appears as a guest character in Namco's MotoGP (2000) video game, based on the 1999 season.

Reception
In 1985, it won the ninth Kodansha Manga Award for the shōnen category. As of April 2018, collected tankōbon volumes of the Bari Bari Densetsu manga series had over 26 million copies in circulation.

title: Bari Bari Densetsu


text:
User:Arnin

Well, this page is mine... it'll be better, I'll add stuff, you know, make it fancy, etc.

title: User:Arnin


text:
Matt Craven

Matthew John Crnkovich (born November 10, 1956), known as Matt Craven, is a Canadian character actor. He has appeared in over 40 films including Happy Birthday to Me, Jacob's Ladder, K2, A Few Good Men, The Juror, Assault on Precinct 13, Disturbia, Tempting Fate and X-Men: First Class.

Craven has also made several television appearances, most notably as Clayton Jarvis on the CBS series, NCIS, Officer Lenny Gayer on High Incident, Dr. Tim Lonner on L.A. Doctors, and Sheriff Fred Langston on the series Resurrection.

Early life
Craven, a Canadian, spent his early life in Ontario. His father died six weeks after his birth and Craven ultimately dropped out of high school to work a variety of odd jobs to help support his mother and sister. He was about 20 when he discovered his love for acting - auditioning for, and starring in, a local production of Dracula as Jonathan Harker.

Career
Matt Craven is best known as a character actor working in TV and film. His films include the Academy Award nominated Crimson Tide, A Few Good Men, the SAG nominated X-Men: First Class, Public Enemies, Disturbia, Déjà Vu, The Life of David Gale, Tin Men and K2. Craven's first film Meatballs opposite Bill Murray was a huge hit and launched Craven's career in film and comedy. Craven's second feature, the live action short Bravery in the Field was nominated for an Academy Award.

The next few years saw Craven starring in several comedy pilots. His first major dramatic film was the drama/horror/mystery cult favorite Jacob's Ladder which follows a haunted Vietnam vet as he attempts to discover his past while suffering from a severe case of dissociation. Craven starred as Michael, a chemist in the Army's chemical warfare division where he worked on a drug that was secretly given to the veteran's unit.

On television, Craven has worked with Steven Spielberg as a series regular on High Incident, on TNT's Nuremberg and Kingfish: A Story of Huey P. Long, opposite Jeff Goldblum on Raines, several seasons on the international hit NCIS, and extensively with producer/writer Graham Yost on Justified, From the Earth to the Moon, The Pacific and Boomtown. Most recently, Craven starred on the ABC series Resurrection.

Craven had two features for 2015 - Roland Emmerich's Stonewall and Unless in which he stars opposite Catherine Keener.

Personal life
Craven has been married for the past 25 years to Sally Sutton, the makeup artist whom he met on the set of K2. They have two children, Nicholas and Josephine.

Craven is a strong supporter of One Heart Source an organisation designed to empower at risk children through education in Africa. He is an avid golfer. In his spare time, he enjoys gardening, cooking and woodworking. He worked as a doorman for the nightclub the Bitter End and is a lifelong fan of the Toronto Maple Leafs.

title: Matt Craven


text:
KGLA (AM)

KGLA (830 kHz) is a commercial AM radio station licensed to Norco, Louisiana, and serving the New Orleans metropolitan area. The station is owned by Crocodile Broadcasting and airs a Spanish-language tropical radio format, known as "Tropical 105.7." The studios and offices are on the Interstate 10 Service Road in Metairie, Louisiana. The transmitter is on Lower Guide Levee Road in Laplace, off Interstate 10.

KGLA has a power of 5,000 watts in the daytime. Because 830 AM is a clear channel frequency reserved for Class A WCCO in Minneapolis, KGLA must reduce power at night to 750 watts to avoid interference. Programming is carried on two FM translators, 94.7 W234DH in Baton Rouge and 105.7 K289AM in Timberlane.

History
On December 11, 1987, the station signed on as WADU with an Adult Contemporary format targeting the western suburbs of New Orleans. It became a Spanish Contemporary outlet with the WFNO call letters on March 25, 1996.

For much of WFNO's existence under the moniker "La Fabulosa 830," programming was very general and centered on Regional Mexican and Tropical Music formats along with a variety of drive time programs that included local and international news updates. Other programming included sports talk programs airing in the afternoons, religious programming, public affairs programs, and radio news magazines that included news and reporting from CNN en Español.

Near WFNO's largest format change on July 1, 2011 to a strictly Regional Mexican station under the moniker "La Raza 830am" along with the consequent changes to sister station KXMG to a Spanish Contemporary Hit Radio formatted station, WFNO played a music format more closely aligned to Spanish Contemporary Hit Radio format with announcements in Spanish between songs that included "...the best is yet to come," possibly alluding to the soon-to-come KXMG "La Mega 107.5" on the FM dial. Also during this transitional time, a short-lived Rock en Español formatted program aired on weekday afternoons called "Órbita 830", but was subsequently canceled after WFNO and KXMG switched formats.

Programming on formerly WFNO's La Fabulosa, included shows such as "El Vacilón de la Mañana," which later aired on sister station KXMG "La Mega 107.5" with radio personalities Nasty and Potris. El Vacilón on KXMG, as it was known on WFNO, is still a morning drive time show. However, when the program aired on WFNO, it included local news updates and international news bulletins from CNN en Español Radio. Other previous programs on WFNO included a midday music show hosted by José Hidalgo followed by a sports talk program with Emilio Peralta and Marco Antonio García. In the evenings, drive time shows included sports talk programs like "Fútbol de Primera con Andrés Cantor". Thursday evenings would air "Estudio Abierto" with Carolina Rossell, a community affairs program with interviews. Weekend shows included the award-winning "Suplemento, la revista informativa y cultural de fin de semana", hosted, produced and directed by professional broadcasters Rafael Shabetai and Claudia Losua-Vivianco.

Due to programming changes in 2012 by the new management and after 10 years on the air on WFNO, Suplemento the cultural radio magazine hosted by broadcasting veterans Rafael Shabetai and Claudia Losúa-Vivanco decided to end its show on WFNO and moved to another local station, KGLA Tropical 1540AM-105.7FM, on its original air time of Saturday mornings. In 2012 management decided to move the show from its original airtime on Saturday morning to Sunday mornings. The show lost all its advertisers and most of its audience, due to the fact the vast majority of the Hispanic audience was attending church services in the time slot that was allowed to them. The last show broadcast on WFNO aired on 12/29/2013. It can be heard now on KGLA.

On March 11, 2013, WFNO changed moniker from "La Raza 830am" to "La Caliente 830am." The morning drive time show changed from "Las Hijas de la Mañana" to "El Despertador de la Mañana" with new on-air talent.

In May 2015, WFNO returned to its original moniker "La Fabulosa 830am" when it was acquired by Crocodile Broadcasting. It departed from the non profitable regional Mexican format, that did not suit the southern Louisiana audience, and is now programming Latin salsa, bachata, merengues and other rhythms. New owners are in the process of overhauling the station programming and content. The sale to Crocodile Broadcast was consummated on September 9, 2015, at a price of $825,000.

On August 1, 2019, WFNO swapped call signs and formats with sister station 1540 KGLA.

Programming
Programming consists of a continuous Latin music, Sports, Local & International News format.

title: KGLA (AM)


text:
Mick Manning

Mick Manning (born 1959) is a British artist and creator of children's books.

Biography
Manning was raised in Haworth, near Keighley, Yorkshire, England. He first attended Bradford College, then studied graphic design at the University of Northumbria and later Natural History Illustration at the Royal College of Art, where his tutors included John Norris Wood, Quentin Blake, and Sheila Robinson. In 1990 he devised and ran the BA honours Illustration option at the Glasgow School of Art as Course Leader. As an artist Manning is represented by Godfrey & Watt, and St Judes. Manning is a Fellow of the English Association. and in 2015, was awarded an Honorary Fellowship by Bradford College.

Children's books
Manning is best known for his long-term collaboration as a writer and co-illustrator with his partner the illustrator and painter Brita Granström. In 1998, The Scotsman newspaper wrote, "Mick Manning and Brita Granström's approach to non-fiction for younger children has revolutionised our bookshelves."

Awards and recognition
Manning and illustrator Brita Granström began making children's books together in 1993. Their first combined effort (The World Is Full of Babies) won the Smarties Silver Prize (years 0-5) in 1996.

Later recognitions include the Times Education Supplement Award; five Royal Society Junior Science Book prizes; and The English Association Non-Fiction Award (2000, 2005, 2008, 2011, 2014).

Topics
The 2014 Royal Society Junior Science Book prizewinner book, Charlie's War Illustrated addressed some of the World War I experiences of Manning's grandfather. His book Tail End Charlie also addressed wartime adventures, this time featuring Manning's father.

The duo's book How Did I Begin was part of a controversy in 2011 when some segments of English society objected to literature aimed at pre-school children which included explicit explanations of how human conception occurs.

title: Mick Manning