text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/God Forbid

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was KEEP, particularly since most of the delete voters changed their votes after the rewrite. -Splash 00:49, 24 August 2005 (UTC)  This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Keep. Redwolf24 00:58, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

God Forbid, Full Blown Chaos, Heaven Shall Burn

 * Current text of is God Forbid is: "God Forbid is an American metalcore band from New Brunswick, New Jersey." This fails to assert notability.
 * Full Blown Chaos is similar, both from 24.61.134.62.
 * Heaven Shall Burn also fails to assert notability (specifically, does not mention any records being released). Several other articles that anon IP has contributed to do assert notability, but in my opinion these do not.Ëvilphoenix Burn! 02:18, August 18, 2005 (UTC)

*Delete all as a total waste of time. If you're going to write vanity, write vanity. One lousy sentence? I could scream. - Lucky 6.9 03:17, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete All; nn | Celcius 02:38, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. God forbid we let this crap into wikipedia. -R. fiend 03:12, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete all, but I'd prefer if non-related articles were listed on VfD seperately. Zoe 05:05, August 18, 2005 (UTC) OK, good job at improving, keep.  Zoe 19:54, August 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * So noted. However, the first two are related in that they were created by the same anon ip within minutes, and the third one is also about a metalcore band, as are the first two. To me it's just easier to add them into an existing nomination than to create new ones, especially the first two. Ëvilphoenix Burn! 15:14, August 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete all for the reasons mentioned above. - Mgm|(talk) 08:07, August 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete all. No assertion of notability. android  79  12:27, August 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Change vote to Keep all, given added content. android  79  17:01, August 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Isn't 'No assertion of notability' now grounds for speedy deletion? DJ Clayworth 14:20, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Only in the cases of people. The proposal to include that for bands and otherwise failed, so here we are. Ëvilphoenix Burn! 15:14, August 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong keep and expand for God Forbid, they have several albums out, check out their entry in amg. And most importantly, I, who tries to ignore metalcore, have actually heard of them! (I've seen their name in national magazines) ;) Also marginally keep for Full Blown Chaos and Heaven Shall Burn, they also have entries in amg, although I know nothing about how notable they really are in the metal world. --  Etacar11   15:09, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Personally, I'm not going to take responsibility to check AMG for every. single. band. that comes across NewPages, there's tons of them. If you would like the articles to be kept, may I suggest also taking the time to edit the articles to make a reasonable claim of notability? Thanks. Ëvilphoenix Burn! 15:14, August 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, I understand where you're coming from, but I think when someone votes a little checking is in order. Like a google test at the very least.  But that's just me.  (Although many curses should be heaped on those who create such useless substubs, of course) I'll try to add a little something when I can.  I wonder if the fact that I hate this kind of music will help or hinder NPOV? ;) --  Etacar11   15:23, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep All - all three bands have recorded albums, Heaven Shall Burn and God Forbid have entries on AMG, Full Blown Chaos has albums purchasable on Amazon. I'll work on expanding these articles to better stubs, today. -Satori 15:41, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Just did a tiny expansion on God Forbid. You're welcome to take over, since this music is not my cup of tea. ;) --  Etacar11   15:52, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Not really mine, either... I prefer my heavy metal to be brooding and move at a snail's pace.. but to each their own! Anyway, all three articles have now been expanded to show notability. -Satori 16:30, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * And a fine job at that. Changing vote to an enthusiastic keep for all three.  I wish the party responsible for these in the first place would have at least alluded to some notability. - Lucky 6.9 18:17, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Recent edits have made done them good. Would like more though, I'm a total dinosaur in this field, so it won't be me. Alf 21:05, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep all, adequate notability james gibbon  23:41, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep now they have been rewritten. Capitalistroadster 00:21, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep all -- Reinyday
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
2005 Palanca Awards

The 55th Don Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature was held on September 1, 2005, at The Peninsula Manila in Makati to commemorate the memory of Don Carlos Palanca Sr. through an endeavor that would promote education and culture in the country. Dr. Emerlinda Roman, the first female president of the University of the Philippines, was Guest of Honor and Speaker at this year’s awarding ceremony.

Rodolfo R. Lana Jr., Manuel R. Buising, and Luis P. Gatmaitan were this year's Palanca Hall of Fame awardees. Lana clinched his fifth first prize for “Milagroso” under the Dulang Pantelebisyon category. Buising clinched his fifth first prize for “Niños Inocentes” also under the Dulang Pantelebisyon category. And Gatmaitan clinched his fifth first prize for “Tapok at Banlik” under the Sanaysay category. The award is given to writers who have won five first places in any category.

The 2005 winners are divided into four categories:

Novel

 * Grand Prize: Dean Francis Alfar, Salamanca

Short Story

 * First Prize: Alexis Abola, "The Shakespeare Guy"
 * Second Prize: Lakambini A. Sitoy, "Shut Up and Live"
 * Third Prize: Maryanne Moll, "At Merienda"

Future Fiction

 * First Prize: Karen Manalastas, "Treasure Islands"
 * Second Prize: Pia R. Roxas, "Last Bus Ride"
 * Third Prize: Pearlsha Abubakar, "Espiritu Santos"

Short Story for Children

 * First Prize: Grace Dacanay-Chong, "No Lipstick for Mother"
 * Second Prize: Raissa Claire U. Rivera, "The Dancers of Malumbay"
 * Third Prize: Nikki Alfar, "Menggay’s Magical Chicken"

Poetry

 * First Prize: Joel M. Toledo, "What Little I Know of Luminosity"
 * Second Prize: Naya S. Valdellon, "Evasions"
 * Third Prize: Ana Maria Katigbak, "The Proxy Eros"

Essay

 * First Prize: Lakambini A. Sitoy, "From the Outlands with Love"
 * Second Prize: Aurelio S. Agcaoili, "Metaphor Man and Migrant, I"
 * Third Prize: Maria Angela Nicole S. Perreras, "Thorn"

One-Act Play

 * First Prize: Alfonso I. Dacanay, "First Snow of November"
 * Second Prize: Glenn Sevilla Mas, "Children of the Sea"
 * Third Prize: Chris Martinez, "Welcome to Intelstar"

Full-Length Play

 * First Prize: Glenn Sevilla Mas, "In the Land of the Giants"
 * Second Prize: Ma. Clarissa N. Estuar, "Jyan Ken Pon"
 * Third Prize: Allan Lopez, "Something Happened"

Nobela

 * Grand Prize: Ellen Sicat, Unang Ulan ng Mayo

Maikling Kwento

 * First Prize: Agustin Pagusara Jr., “Mga Landas Ng Pangarap”
 * Second Prize: Domingo G. Landicho, “Anay Sa Dagat Na Asul”
 * Third Prize: John Iremil E. Teodoro, “Ang Santo Niño Na Walang Ulo”

Future Fiction [Filipino]

 * First Prize: No Winner
 * Second Prize: No Winner
 * Third Prize: Dick Garcia Enoya, “Vic”

Maikling Kwentong Pambata

 * First Prize: Eugene Evasco, “Tag-araw ng mga Ibong Hilaga”
 * Second Prize: Edgardo B. Maranan, “Ang Batang Nanaginip Na Siya’y Nakalilipad”
 * Third Prize: Perry C. Mangilaya, “Ang Kahon Ni Lolo Yoyong”

Tula

 * First Prize: Joseph Rosmon M. Tuazon, “Sa Pagitan ng Emerhensiya”
 * Second Prize: Rebecca T. Anonuevo, “Buong Buo”
 * Third Prize: Mesandel Virtusio Arguelles, “Una Prosa”

Sanaysay

 * First Prize: Luis Gatmaitan, “Tapok at Banlik”
 * Second Prize: Ferdinand Pisigan Jarin, “Anim Na Sabado Ng Beyblade”
 * Third Prize: Eugene Evasco, “Segunda Mano”

Dulang May Isang Yugto

 * First Prize: No Winner
 * Second Prize: Joseph Patrick V. Arevalo, “Sa Loob ng Kawayan”
 * Third Prize: Vincent A. De Jesus, “Ateng…”

Dulang Ganap ang Haba

 * First Prize: Reuel M. Aguila, “Baligho”
 * Second Prize: Edward P. Perez Jr., “Si Marya at Si Kiling”
 * Third Prize: Rodolfo Vera, “Masa”

Dulang Pantelebisyon

 * First Prize: Manuel R. Buising, “Niños Inocentes”
 * Second Prize: Elmer L. Gatchalian, “Pasalubong”
 * Third Prize: Ma. Clarissa N. Estuar, “Bayad Utang”

Dulang Pampelikula

 * First Prize: Erlito G. Reyes, “Hubog Ng Langit”
 * Second Prize: Veronica B. Velasco, “Boy”
 * Third Prize: Allan Tijamo, “Blue Moon”

Short Story [Cebuano]

 * First Prize: Macario D. Tiu, "Balyan"
 * Second Prize: Agustin Pagusara Jr., "Bangka sa Kinabuhi"
 * Third Prize: Josua S. Cabrera, "Sesyon"

Short Story [Hiligaynon]

 * First Prize: Genevieve L. Asenjo, "Turagsoy"
 * Second Prize: Christian F. Emague, "Kaupod"
 * Third prize: Lester Mark P. Carnaje, "Daguob Sang Dagat"

Short Story [Iluko]

 * First Prize: Danilo B. Antalan, "Goyo: Ti Dangadang iti Rabaw ti Ulep"
 * Second Prize: Joel B. Manuel, "Ti Galienera, Ti Ili, ken Tallo A Kronika"
 * Third Prize: Daniel L. Nesperos, "Dagiti Dir-i ken Tagay iti Daradara a Bangabanga"

Kabataan Essay

 * First Prize: Patricia Marie I. Ranada, "Stories"
 * Second Prize: Joan Paula A. Deveraturda, "As Silly As It Gets"
 * Third prize: Katrina G. Gomez, "Learning To Be Filipino"

Kabataan Sanaysay

 * First Prize: Kristina D.C. Javier, "Wahahahahahahahaha"
 * Second Prize: Jamaica Jane J. Pascual, "Alaala ng Quiapo"
 * Third Prize: Arnold Pantaleon Pascua II, "K"

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: 2005 Palanca Awards


text:
User talk:Joysofpi

ahhhhh my page.

title: User talk:Joysofpi


text:
Sayenqueraghta

Sayenqueraghta (c. 1707 –1786) was the war chief of the eastern Seneca tribe in the mid-18th century. He was born the son of Cayenquaraghta, a prominent Seneca chief of the Turtle clan in western New York. He lived most of his life at Kanadaseaga, near the present day town of Geneva, New York. He obtained his rank of war chief in 1751. Before the American Revolution he was referred to as chief of the Senecas.

He served on the British side against the French during the French and Indian War and was present at the Battle of Fort Niagara.

During Pontiac's War he was the Seneca war-chief who defeated a British force at the Battle of Devil's Hole. In 1764 the Seneca came to Fort Niagara where they made peace with the British government and Sayenqueraghta "buried the Axe" with Britain.

In 1765 he received Samuel Kirkland, Sir William Johnson's envoy, and at that time extended protection to Kirkland by adopting him into his family.

Also in 1765, he along with Handsome Lake and about one hundred other Seneca warriors went on an expedition against the Cherokee and Choctaw. This expedition was remembered nearly a century later for the loot of scalps and other trophies obtained.

Names
Sayenqueraghta's name in the Seneca language, meaning "Disappearing Smoke", is phonetically rendered as Kaieñãkwaahtoñ, and was spelled in a variety of ways, including Gayahgwaahdoh and Kayenquaraghton. In historical records he is most often known as Sayenqueraghta (or Sayengaraghta), which was his name in the Mohawk language, or by nicknames such as Old Smoke or the Seneca King. It is also said that he was called Old Smoke because he held the official position as the "smoke-bearer".

American Revolution
Early in the Revolutionary War, Sayenqueraghta tried to keep the Iroquois neutral. He attempted in June, 1777 to retrieve Seneca warriors who had joined the Loyalist officer Butler at Fort Niagara. In July, 1777, the Seneca decided to enter the war on the British side and he was named, along with Cornplanter, to be the war chiefs of the Iroquois confederacy.

He was one of the organizers of the ambush at the Battle of Oriskany, where his son was killed. He was the primary Indian leader at the Battle of Wyoming. His village of Ganundasaga was destroyed during the Sullivan Campaign and was not rebuilt. Sometime before 1781 he and his family relocated to Buffalo Creek, near Fort Niagara. In 1779, he started receiving a pension from the British of one hundred dollars per year. He resented the favourable treatment the British gave to Joseph Brant. Sayenqueraghta was at the Battle of Johnstown and other battles. In 1781, he led a war party towards Fort Pitt.

He was described by General Frederick Haldimand as "by many degrees the most leading and the man of most consequence and influence in the Six Nations". In 1783, a British officer said "He is a sensible old man and has been a very good warrior in his day, but like the rest is very much addicted to liquor".

He died in 1786 in Smoke Creek, Lackawanna, New York.

Legacy

 * Smoke Creek, New York is named after him.

title: Sayenqueraghta


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/REDtv.org

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. Redwolf24 01:00, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

REDtv.org
Low traffic site Alexa: ~450k. Unlikely anyone other than site operators can contribute/verify info. delete lots of issues  | leave me a message 02:19, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn website. --TheMidnighters 08:26, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn. --Shanel 15:14, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn and un-WP:V. -Splash 02:28, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep i will rewrite this article if it does not meet requirements of "website" category, but the organization is notable and reasonably as verifyable as any other activist group. Also: Alexa is WRONG... redtv.org IS NOT erotv.co.kr Not sure why Alexa and Wayback Machine confuse the two, yet.... looking into that now. --._-zro 03:27, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep -- Reinyday
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Fragaria iinumae

Fragaria iinumae is a species of strawberry native to Japan and eastern Russia.

In Japan it was first discovered on Mount Nōgōhaku (能郷白山) and the name Nōgō Fragaria (ノウゴウイチゴ・能郷苺) was given.

All strawberries have a base haploid count of 7 chromosomes. Fragaria iinumae is diploid, having 2 pairs of these chromosomes for a total of 14 chromosomes. Fragaria iinumae is one of the diploid progenitors of the octoploid strawberry.

title: Fragaria iinumae


text:
Talk:American Tobacco Company

Untitled
AMERICAN TOBACCO COMPANY ALSO HAD AN PLANT LOCATED WITHIN THE CITY AND STATE OF CHARLESTON SOUTH CAROLINA RESPECTIVELY LOCATED AT DRAKE AND COLUMBUS STREETS!

Split Nomination
I nominate the Redevelopment section to be split to a new article, or be combined in a more complete Facilities section. Opinions?--Samuel CurtisShinichian-Hirokian-- TALK · CONTRIBS 17:57, 9 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Um, it's three sentences. Hardly worthy of a separate article.  I think it's fine as-is.  I did move the information about the American Tobacco Trail (ATT) here though.  Jpp42 07:52, 8 October 2007 (UTC)

rail information
I removed the rail information from the main part of the article - the Reidsville plant info is redundant (it doesn't add anything... the mainline would be there there regardless of ATC's presence or influence), and the Durham part was incorrect (the D&SC was not owned by or part of American Tobacco, though it was influenced by it. I moved the rail-trail info to Redevelopment.)  Jpp42 07:52, 8 October 2007 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: Combing the Archive
— Assignment last updated by JKM0123 (talk) 17:00, 16 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:American Tobacco Company


text:
Nikos Karageorgiou

Nikos Karageorgiou (Νίκος Καραγεωργίου; born 8 December 1962) is a Greek professional football manager and former player.

Club career
Karageorgiou began his football career at his local village football club Aetos Eratino, before he was transferred to the region's prestigious club Kavala in 1981. He played for his hometown club for 5 years, and was subsequently transferred to PAOK in 1986, where he played for an additional 5 seasons. In 1991, Karageorgiou moved to Panathinaikos, where he won the Greek Cup in 1993, during his last season with the club. He then moved to Skoda Xanthi, where he spent the majority of his career staying at the club until 2000, when he decided to end his playing career and subsequently took over as manager of the club.

International career
Karageorgiou also played 16 international matches with Greece from 1989 to 1992.

Managerial career
Karageorgiou began his coaching career in Skoda Xanthi during the 1999−2000 season, when he took over as manager of the club replacing Vangelis Vlachos after Matchday 25, while he was still a regular player. During the 2001−02 season, after the resignation of Agentinian manager Juan Ramon Rocha, Karageorgiou, who was initially hired as general manager, was once again appointed head coach of the club, managing to lead Skoda Xanthi to its first ever European campaign, after finishing in 5th place. His tenure with Skoda Xanthi was eventually terminated in the summer of 2004, when he was replaced as head coach of the club by Giannis Matzourakis. In February 2005, he was appointed head coach of PAOK, but his contract was terminated a few months later, in September 2005.

In February 2006, Karageorgiou took over management of Beta Ethniki side Ergotelis, returning the club to its good form and winning the division title. During his tenure at Ergotelis, Karageorgiou enjoyed complete and unconditional support from the club's board of directors. He remained manager of Ergotelis for six straight seasons in the Greek Superleague, thus becoming one of the longest serving managers in competition history, until the end of the 2011−12 season, when the club failed to avoid relegation.

In July 2012, Karageorgiou was appointed head coach of Panetolikos, but was replaced in mid-season. In April 2013 he took over management of Skoda Xanthi for the third time in his career, but was fired in September 2013. Karageorgiou was subsequently hired by fellow Superleague side Levadiakos, but his contract was once again terminated prematurely, in February 2014.

In April 2014, Karageorgiou moved to Cyprus, taking over management of Enosis Neon Paralimni, and led the club to promotion to the Cypriot First Division, after winning the Second Division title. His contract with the club was terminated in November 2015. A month later, in December 2015 Karageorgiou was hired by Greek Superleague club AEL Kalloni. However, as the club was relegated at the end of the season, his contract was terminated on mutual consent.

Player
Panathinaikos
 * Greek Cup: 1993

Manager
Ergotelis
 * Beta Ethniki: 2006

Enosis Neon Paralimni
 * Cypriot Second Division: 2015

title: Nikos Karageorgiou


text:
Tiffany (album)

Tiffany is the debut studio album by American singer Tiffany, recorded when she was 14 and 15 years old, and released on June 29, 1987, by MCA Records. The album peaked at number 1 for two weeks in the US, making Tiffany the youngest female artist to achieve a number 1 album. Certified 4× Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), the album sold over seven million copies worldwide.

Exploring adult themes, the album is a teen pop record with influences from pop, rock, disco, funk, dance, and new wave. During production, Tiffany turned away from the country music style of her childhood, and she embraced the pop sound and fashion of Stevie Nicks, encouraged by Tiffany's producer George Tobin.

The album received mixed-to-negative reviews, criticized for its calculated and unoriginal production. It spawned five singles, including the international hits "I Think We're Alone Now", "Could've Been", and "I Saw Him Standing There". To promote the album, Tiffany embarked on a nationwide shopping mall tour to give 60 free performances, helping her gain a fan base. The mall tour concept proved influential; it was later adapted by Britney Spears, Jessica Simpson and 98 Degrees.

Background
Tiffany started singing at the age of two or four when her cousin taught her the lyrics to the Tanya Tucker song "Delta Dawn" at a supermarket. At the age of nine, she started her singing career with her stepfather's permission. After Tiffany performed "Delta Dawn" on a trailer bed at a street party in Norwalk, California, the Country Hoe Downers asked her to perform at special events and county fairs. Tiffany spent time as the group's lead singer after being encouraged by her parents. Tiffany also toured with country and western bands at social gatherings in Norwalk. By the age of 11, she became a frequent performer at school assemblies and parties. Without formal training, Tiffany mimicked pop and rock and roll songs she heard on the radio. She said that her discovery of rock music helped her develop "another way of singing." After she heard Stevie Nicks on the radio, she abandoned country music for mainstream pop music at the age of 13.

At the age of 12, Tiffany's family friend helped her meet producer George Tobin and sing country songs for him at his office. Approximately a year later, she recorded demo tapes at Tobin's studio in North Hollywood, California, which led to five record label offers and a seven-album contract with George Tobin. In 1985, she appeared as a junior singer on Star Search with Ed McMahon. During 1987, Tiffany toured with the Jets in regular venues, which received an "overwhelming" response.

Production
After Tiffany signed a recording contract with Tobin in March 1986, he visited several record companies for a record label contract. He chose MCA Records from five prospects, and in April 1986, Tiffany signed a contract with MCA Records at the age of 14. Shortly afterward, production on the album began, continuing past Tiffany's 15th birthday. Tiffany recorded more than 40 songs, but only 10 of them were picked for the album. Production of the album lasted ten months, and was completed in early 1987.

Tiffany recorded her vocals for more than two days on each song, with the exception of "Could've Been", which only took two recording sessions. Tiffany said that some songs were recorded three or four different ways with several styles and tempos. Tiffany and Tobin listened to everything from Black pop to hard rock and "settled on a mix" to create the "best possible album" for them.

Music and lyrics
According to music critic Robert Christgau, Tiffany is a fantasy album about the "growing pains of a wholesome California teen". Musically, it is a teen pop album that explores genres including pop, rock, disco, funk, dance,  and new wave. The album included remakes of Tommy James and the Shondells' "I Think We're Alone Now" and the Beatles' "I Saw Her Standing There" (renamed "I Saw Him Standing There"). Prior to production of the album, Tobin spent a couple of years experimenting with different styles for her maturity. Due to Tiffany's mimic talents, Tiffany's vocal style and the album's material were strongly influenced by Stevie Nicks. In an interview with reporter Russell A. Stamets from 1987, Tiffany recalled that when she was in the studio, she and Tobin would "try each song in several [different] styles", including a "Stevie Nicks sound" for Tobin. The singing style was done for the album's opening track "Should've Been Me".

The album's opening track, "Should've Been Me", explores mid-tempo rock, and tells a story of a girl "jealously obsessing on an ex-boyfriend's jacket." It incorporates "slow, steady" drum beats and raspy vocals reminiscent of Stevie Nicks. "Danny" is a mid-tempo track that conveys the "urgency of Tiffany's youth" during the refrains. "Spanish Eyes" incorporates latin pop elements. Janice Page of The Providence Journal commented that the song is "in the spirit" of Madonna's "La Isla Bonita". Music critic Joe Kowalski described the song as a "dark and moody piece done in an older, deeper voice." "Feelings of Forever" is a pop rock ballad about love. It incorporates the Fendar Rhodes piano and includes a "gigantic build-up". Music critic Paul Taylor stated that the song was reminiscent of music by Heart. "Kid on a Corner" is a mid-tempo backbeat ballad about a determination to grow up.

Tiffany's cover of "I Saw Her Standing There" explored genres of pop, disco, new wave, funk, and lounge rock. It included a "Prince-style funk" arrangement, with an intro and outro of "zombie vocal[s]", keyboards, guitar solos, and "slam bam" drums. "Johnny's Got the Inside Moves" is a mid-tempo song that explores disco music and conveys her vocals of "adolescent emotional hunger." Music critic Joe Kowalski described the song as "Whitney-esque". "Promises Made" is a love song. Agnes Torres of The Orlando Sentinel stated that the song was reminiscent of "Voices Carry" by 'Til Tuesday. Her cover of "I Think We're Alone Now" is a dance-pop track with elements of funk music. It is set to a "galloping Bananarama-like beat" and incorporates a "synthesizer backdrop". The album's final track, "Could've Been", is a ballad that includes more "grown-up" lyrics about losing and mourning the "great love of her life". Musically, it explores pop music and highlights Tiffany's vocal power.

Mall tour
After production for Tiffany was completed, MCA Records failed to implement a marketing plan, and the boxes of newly pressed albums sat in storage for months. MCA tried having Tiffany sing at nightclubs in New York City, but this tactic stalled. MCA executive Larry Solters said that the label was leery of losing money by promoting a teenager, especially since "the themes on the record are very adult themes." Solters finally decided to have Tiffany join an ongoing shopping mall marketing tour organized by the Shopping Center Network, and sponsored by Toyota, Clairol, and Adidas. The tour was officially named The Beautiful You: Celebrating The Good Life Shopping Mall Tour '87, but Tiffany's management team referred to the tour as The Tiffany Shopping Mall Tour '87. Tiffany's first mall appearance was on June 23, 1987, in The Bergan Mall in Paramus, New Jersey. She was 15 years old at the time, working during the summer vacation before her junior year of high school. MCA released the album on June 29, 1987, six days after Tiffany's first mall appearance.

During the mall tour, Tiffany performed three 20-minute concerts per day, spending two weekend days at ten different malls across the US, singing solo to pre-recorded backing tracks. Between sets, she signed autographs. Solters observed good results across a wider-than-expected range of ages, saying, "We're hitting every demographic. This is grassroots promotion." Her free tour was covered by the Los Angeles Times which quoted her co-manager Brad Schmidt saying, "If 'Tif is going to make it, she's going to do it first among 12- to 18-year-olds, and what better place to expose her than in America's playgrounds, the malls." Tiffany said that the first few concerts were poorly attended, and some retail stores complained about the noise. Prior to an appearance at Woodfield Mall outside of Chicago, the Chicago Sun-Times printed a story on July 31 describing Tiffany's mall strategy, and listing "I Think We're Alone Now" as an album highlight. After a radio station in Chicago began playing "I Think We're Alone Now" from the album, attendance increased considerably on the tour, allowing Tiffany to sell hundreds of albums. Co-manager and producer George Tobin videotaped the mall concerts himself, and assembled the footage to make the official music video for "I Think We're Alone Now". MCA released the song as a single in mid-August. People magazine featured Tiffany's mall tour in mid-September.

Singles
The album's first single, "Danny", was released in June 1987, but it failed to chart. In August, a Chicago radio station started to play Tiffany's cover version of Tommy James & the Shondells' song "I Think We're Alone Now". It was released as her second single on August 16, 1987, as a promotion of her first tour. On the week of November 7, 1987, the single peaked at number 1 on Billboard Hot 100 and remained for two weeks. It was also a success in the United Kingdom, peaking at number 1 for three weeks. The music video was later released, which was filmed by Tobin in several malls, including Ogden City Mall in Ogden, Utah, and Glendale Galleria in Glendale, California. Tiffany re-recorded the cover as a rock arrangement in April 2019.

Her third single, "Could've Been", was released on November 20, 1987. Benefiting from the momentum of her previous single, it peaked at number 1 on Billboard Hot 100 on the week of February 6, 1988, and remained for two weeks. It also peaked at number 1 on Billboard Adult Contemporary Chart. At the age of 16 years, she became the youngest artist to have two consecutive number 1 singles. Internationally, the single was her first number 1 hit in Canada and Ireland.

Her fourth single, "I Saw Him Standing There", was released on February 12, 1988, in the United States. It received moderate success, peaking at number 7 on Billboard Hot 100. It also charted highly in Canada and Ireland. Her final single of the album, "Feelings of Forever", was released on May 27, 1988. It received minor success in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada.

Commercial performance
During the week of September 26, 1987, the album debuted at number 130 on Billboard Top Pop Albums chart. By December 11, 1987, the album sold one million copies in the US. It peaked at number 1 on the week of January 23, 1988, and remained for two weeks. At the age of 16 years, Tiffany became the youngest female artist to achieve a number 1 album, and the first female solo and third artist to chart on the Billboard 200 under the age of 18. The album stayed for 96 non-consecutive weeks on the chart. The album also peaked at number 1 in Canada and New Zealand. It charted highly in Australia and the United Kingdom.

The album was certified four-times Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on April 5, 1988. In Canada, it was certified five-times Platinum for shipping over 500,000 copies. In Australia, it sold over 100,000 copies. In the United Kingdom, it was certified Gold by the British Phonographic Industry for shipping over 100,000 copies.

Critical reception
Upon its release, Tiffany received mixed-to-negative reviews from critics. Music critic Robert Christgau gave the album a "B", highlighting "Should've Been Me" and "I Saw Him Standing There" as "two schlock classics". Chris Tworney of Record Mirror wrote that the singer was the "latest in seemingly inexhaustible supply of virgin prunes to dominate [the] charts." Wayne Robins of Newsday criticized most of the songs as "superficial" and "bland", describing "I Saw Him Standing There" as "wrong" and praising "Spanish Eyes" as the "best of her songs". Len LaBarth of Delaware County Daily Times described the album as "far from spectacular". He praised "I Think We're Alone Now" as "nice and sprightly", but criticized "I Saw Him Standing There" as "quite horrid".

Agnes Torres of The Orlando Sentinel rated the album two out of five stars, criticizing the production as "busy" and songs as "sluggish" and "grating". Torres ranked "I Saw Him Standing There" as the worst, but described "Spanish Eyes" as "equally unnerving". in an unfavorable review, Anthony DeCurtis of Rolling Stone gave the album one-and-a-half out of five stars, describing the album as an "artificial construction that Tiffany occupies with neither authority nor uniqueness." DeCurtis criticized the production, songwriting, and management for "[letting] Tiff down", and described her cover of "I Think We're Alone Now" as "sterile" and "I Saw Him Standing There" as a "conceptual disaster". Cary Wills of The Courier-Journal gave the album an extremely negative review, lamenting "I Think We're Alone Now" as a "wad of fake funk/pop garbage" and "I Saw Him Standing There" as "equally embarrassing".

In a retrospective review, Bryan Buss of AllMusic gave the album two-and-a-half out of five stars, describing the material as "enjoyable without being schlocky", and reviewing tracks "Kid on a Corner", "Should've Been Me", "Johnny's Got the Inside Moves", and "Danny" as "all inoffensive, mid-tempo tunes that are more than just filler." Concluding the review, Buss stated that even though this is a "fair debut for a young singer with a voice she'd grow into", her follow-up, Hold an Old Friend's Hand, is "more consistently realized."

Legacy
Tiffany was frequently compared to Debbie Gibson's album Out of the Blue, released six weeks later. Both artists were teenagers (Gibson being one year older), and both multi-Platinum albums were representative of teen pop, with Tiffany's public image described as more "free-spirited" than Gibson's "wholesome" persona. Even though Tiffany had more chart success than Gibson, Tiffany was seen as a mimic of Stevie Nicks and Madonna, while Gibson wrote her own songs and sang in her own style. A rivalry between Gibson and Tiffany was imagined by the media, but it was never true. The two finally worked together in 2011, co-starring in the mockbuster sci-fi film Mega Python vs. Gatoroid, and they became friends.

Larry Solters's shopping mall tour concept was deemed successful for Tiffany, influencing several music artists to promote in shopping malls during the late 1990s and early 2000s. Britney Spears employed the strategy starting in August 1998 in a mall tour sponsored by L'Oreal called the L'Oreal Hair Zone Mall Tour, to promote Spears's first single, "...Baby One More Time". With the DreamChaser Tour, Jessica Simpson and 98 Degrees gained popularity by touring malls in mid-2001. To attract larger audiences, the DreamChaser Tour pushed the performances outside to the mall parking lot, bringing a portable stage with lights and enough sound equipment to cover 10,000 people.

Personnel
Personnel as listed in the album's liner notes:
 * Tiffany – lead and backing vocals
 * John Duarte – arrangements, synthesizers (1–6, 8–9), drum programming (1–9), keyboards (7), synth bass (7), additional synthesizers (10)
 * Ned McElroy – keyboards (7)
 * Steve Rucker – acoustic piano (10), synthesizers (10)
 * Dann Huff – guitars (1, 3–5, 10)
 * Chuck Yamek – guitars (1, 6, 9)
 * Carl Verheyen – guitars (2)
 * Craig T. Cooper – guitars (7)
 * Willie Ornelas – drums (10)
 * Richard Elliot – saxophone (1, 7)

Production

 * George Tobin – producer, remixing, management
 * Bill Smith – engineer and remixing (1–5, 7, 9–10)
 * John Kerns – engineer and remixing (6, 8), additional recording
 * Steve Holroyd – second engineer
 * John Kliner – second engineer
 * David Means – second engineer
 * Bryan Rutter – second engineer
 * Steve Hall – mastering at Future Disc (Hollywood, California)
 * Brenda Farrell – production coordination
 * Valerie Trotter – production coordination
 * Larry Solters – "stunt" coordinator
 * Irving Azoff – "miracles"
 * Randee St. Nicholas – photography
 * Brad Schmidt – management

Note

title: Tiffany (album)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Silent pyjamas

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. Redwolf24 00:59, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

Silent pyjamas
Website cruft --Ryan Delaney talk 02:22, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

do whatever you want with it, but since i am a registered user i will assert AGAIN that i did not put this page up. i don't want someone thinking that i made this entry, i did not. -silentpyjamas (also i don't know how to use all this markup stuff so i can't make nifty links etc)
 * Delete; nn, adv, van | Celcius 02:42, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, bad vanity. Fails to assert notability or even provide context. Probably by someone who mistook Wikipedia for a private webspace. - Mgm|(talk) 08:08, August 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn. And you sign your posts like this: ~ . --  Etacar11   22:45, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Oh by crikey, why can't that just be speedied? -Splash 02:27, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

like what? with those squiggles? silentpyjamas 01:54, 20 August 2005 (UTC) silentpyjamas
 * See WP:SIG, it applies to both talk pages and VFDs. -- Etacar11   03:14, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete, useless user:Fallout boy
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:Virtual displacement

I think the page needs a rewrite
Currently it describes virtual displacement almost exclusively in terms of antiquated and incomprehensible pseudo-infinitesimal approach. I added a paragraph attempting to clear up this mess from the point of view of real mathematics (as opposed to voodoo) but the whole thing really needs more work (and highly non-virtual one too!). It is obvious that even on this forum some of the confusion shows up. Cornelius Lanczos rightly complains about students' confusion regarding the idea but IMHO the blame for this lies squarely on the teachers who for some mysterious reason as soon as the word "mechanics" is uttered, instantly leave behind everything they had been teaching of modern calculus and revert to this terrible pre-Cauchy 17th-century gobbledy-gook. Read a good mechanics text, like Arnold or Saletan, etc.

I agree, but that goes with all pedantic Wikipedians who as students want to show off, for they ignore, 'simplicity is genius' Leonardo - the jargon of modern math, and all type of Cantorial bull$it, 'naming' as a way to explain things makes most wiki articles incomprehensible. Virtual displacement proves Nature does stop time=change. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.151.254.161 (talk) 19:37, 6 December 2023 (UTC)

JanBielawski (talk) 22:06, 13 October 2009 (UTC)

Main idea
The main idea of virtual displacement is that it is arbitrary, or even imaginary. For practical application to actual physical system we usually consider only virtual displacements that meet the physical constraints; however, for generality, constraints should not be part of the definition of virtual displacements.

Hmm, well the way I see it, if virtual displacements are only ever really discussed in the context of constrained systems, then to say that they are really more general is merely a philosophy. I'd say that they're only imaginary in the sense that energy is imaginary or action is imaginary. Both are man-made constructs. Also, if virtual displacements really are completely arbitrary, what distinguishes them from plain ol' displacements? - Miles

 * But virtual displacements aren't only discussed in the context of constrained systems! For instance, there is a straightforward derivation of the conservation of energy using virtual displacements that doesn't require constraints.  On the other hand, it is important to understand how virtual displacements behave in the presence of constraints. Trevorgoodchild 15:47, 19 September 2007 (UTC)

Virtual Displacements as a Special Case of Infinitesimal Displacements
I disagree with the current assertion that virtual displacements are a special case of infinitesimal displacements - it has always been my understanding that it is in fact the other way around. The issue is a little tricky to discuss, because there are two ways in which a displacement can be considered "arbitrary." Virtual displacements are not "arbitrary" in that they must satisfy the given constraints, but they are "arbitrary" in that they can happen in any direction that satisfies the given constraints. (Another way of thinking about it is that a virtual displacement occurs in every direction that satisfies these constraints.) On the other hand, "actual" displacements are not arbitrary in either sense: they must satisfy the given constraints and they occur in one particular direction since they depend completely on, e.g., an infinitesimal displacement in time.

Here's Lanczos' discussion of virtual vs. actual displacements from The Variational Principles of Mechanics (chapter 2, section 2):

"A "variation" means an infinitesimal change, in analogy with the d-process of ordinary calculus. However, contrary to the ordinary d-process, this infinitesimal change is not caused by the actual change of an independent variable, but is imposed by us on a set of variables as a kind of mathematical experiment.  Let us consider for example a marble which is at rest at the lowest point of a bowl.  The actual displacement of the marble is zero.  It is our desire, however, to bring the marble to a neighboring position in order to see how the potential energy changes.  A displacement of this nature is called a "virtual displacement."  The term "virtual" indicates that the displacement was intentionally made in any kinematically admissible manner. ... It was Lagrange's ingenious idea to introduce a special symbol for the process of variation, in order to emphasize its virtual character. This symbol is $$\delta$$. The analogy to $$d$$ brings to mind that both symbols refer to infinitesimal changes. However, $$d$$ refers to an actual, $$\delta$$ to a virtual change. ... Note the fundamental difference between $$\delta y$$ and $$dy$$. Both are infinitesimal changes of the function $$y$$. However the $$dy$$ refers to the infinitesimal change of the given function $$y=f(x)$$ caused by the infinitesimal change $$dx$$ of the independent variable, while $$\delta y$$ is an infinitesimal change of $$y$$ which produces a new function $$y+\delta y$$."

In fact, Lanczos uses the fact that the actual displacements (the $$d$$s) are a special case of the virtual displacements (the $$\delta$$s) when deriving the conservation of energy (chapter 4, section 3):

"...let us now dispose of the $$\delta R_k$$ - which mean arbitrary tentative variations of the radius vector $$R_k$$ - in a special way. Let these tentative displacements coincide with the actual displacements as they occur during the time $$dt$$.  This means that we replace $$\delta R_k$$ by $$d R_k$$, which is merely a special application of the variation principle."

Trevorgoodchild 15:41, 19 September 2007 (UTC)

I totally agree with the argument about,because I also think so... and I suggest that this shall not be confused with the one relevant to the calculus of variation,which differs in implication. Warren Leywon (talk) 14:44, 5 June 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Virtual displacement


text:
Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Probability/Archive 1

I've made a rough start on this page, but I would really love for some input from other people interested in probability theory. Or, I'd love to hear why this page isn't necessary! Thanks, Ben Cairns 00:07, 5 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Hi Ben. Have you thought about putting this at Wikipedia's sister project Wikibooks instead? Their maths section doesn't have anything on probability yet so this might be a useful addition there. Angela. 07:25, 6 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * Hi Angela. Thanks for the input!  I had thought about that, but I'm not currently able to commit much time to a Wikibooks project.  While the prospect of an open content textbook on probability theory is quite exciting, right now I'd rather it be done more carefully and deliberately.  I think that a textbook is different from a collection of encyclopedia articles, and that it should be approached in a different manner.  When I find out what that is, it might be time to move this to Wikibooks!  Ben Cairns 08:27, 7 Dec 2003 (UTC)

How about a Wikiproject such as WikiProject Probability then? It seems a shame to hide this in the user namespace. You might want to talk to the WikiProject Mathematics people. Angela. 17:39, 7 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * I had thought that WikiProjects were more about formatting and (in the case of WikiProject Mathematics) when to use the tags, but I should do my research.  That looks like a good place for it.  Thanks again!  Ben Cairns 23:07, 7 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * One thing I'd like to see is a systematic classification of probability distribution, and a template for probability distribution pages, like the ones for countries, and biological species and taxa, to name two important examples. — Miguel 01:46, 2004 Apr 26 (UTC)

 * Sounds like a good idea... perhaps we could start a sub-page such as WikiProject Probability/Format, with an associated talk page to begin a discussion. For example, what are the community's perceptions of the current format, and could some of the present problems be solved by having a taxonomy of distributions?  I haven't looked at the distribution pages in detail yet, so perhaps you could suggest some examples of good formatting and bad?  — Ben Cairns 06:27, 28 Apr 2004 (UTC)

The above comments relate to this page as it was on my user pages. I have now moved it to WikiProject Probability, following the above discussion. The developing guide has been moved to WikiProject Probability/Learn to separate the WikiProject and its products. Please free to continue below with discussion on this WikiProject. --Ben Cairns 23:14, 7 Dec 2003 (UTC)

New Mathematics Wikiportal
I know I've posted this on most of your user talkpages, but I felt it was important to add to the project page as well.

I wanted to point out to you the new Mathematics Wikiportal- more specifically, to the Mathematics Collaboration of the Week page. I'm looking for any math-related stubs or non-existant articles that you would like to see on Wikipedia. Additionally, I wondered if you'd be willing to help out on some of the Collaboration of the Week pages.

I encourage you to vote on the current Collaboration of the Week, because I'm very interested in which articles you think need to be written or added to, and because I understand that I cannot do the enormous amount of work required on some of the Math stubs alone. I'm asking for your help, and also your critiques on the way the portal is set up.

Please direct all comments to my user-talk page, the Math Wikiportal talk page, or the Math Collaboration of the Week talk page. Thanks a lot for your support! ral315 02:54, Feb 11, 2005 (UTC)

Distributions effort
So whom may care, there's been a bit of work done between MarkSweep, PAR, and I on the distributions. See Template talk:Probability distribution for what's up. Cburnett 03:50, Apr 11, 2005 (UTC)


title: File:B2m-legacy-gh.jpg


text:
Diamond Rock

Diamond Rock (rocher du Diamant) is a 175-metre-high (574 ft) basalt island located south of "Grande Anse du Diamant" before arriving from the south at Fort-de-France, the main port of the Caribbean island of Martinique. The uninhabited island is about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) from Pointe Diamant.

The island gets its name from the reflections that its sides cast at certain hours of the day, which evoke images of a precious stone. It is notable for having been commissioned by the British Empire's Royal Navy as HMS Diamond Rock, a "stone frigate" serving from February 1804 until June 1805 during the Napoleonic Wars, when the First French Empire captured the rock in the Battle of Diamond Rock and held it until the British recaptured it in the invasion of Martinique in 1809. Diamond Rock was returned to French control as part of a postwar trade of Martinique in 1815, and it remains part of Martinique.

HMS Diamond Rock
Diamond Rock occupies a strategic position at the north end of the Saint Lucia Channel. Possession of the rock permits interdiction of navigation between Martinique and its southern neighbour, Saint Lucia.

In September 1803 Commodore Sir Samuel Hood sailed to the rock aboard HMS Centaur (1797) (Captain Murray Maxwell). Hood had received the assignment to blockade the bays at Fort Royal and Saint Pierre, Martinique.

Centaur was lying at anchor in Fort Royal Bay, Martinique, on the morning of 1 December when lookouts sighted a schooner with a sloop in tow about six miles off making for Saint Pierre. Hood sent his advice boat, Sarah, after the sloop, and had Maxwell sail Centaur in pursuit of the schooner. After a pursuit of some 24 league, Centaur captured the schooner, which turned out to be the privateer Ma Sophie, out of Guadeloupe. She had a crew of 45 men, and was armed with eight guns, which she had jettisoned during the chase.

Hood took Ma Sophie into service as a tender, charging her captain, Lieutenant William Donnett, with watching the channel between Diamond Rock and Martinique for enemy vessels. Donnett made frequent visits to the rock to gather the thick, broad-leaved grass to be woven into sailors' hats, and a spinach-like plant called callaloo, that when boiled and served daily, kept the crews of Centaur and Ma Sophie from scurvy and was a nice addition to a menu too long dominated by salt beef.

Aided by calm weather, the British were able to run lines ashore and hoist two 18-pounder cannons to the summit of the rock. The British hastily built fortifications and supplied the position with food and water for a garrison of two lieutenants and 120 men under the command of Lieutenant James Wilkes Maurice, Hood's first lieutenant. Hood officially commissioned the island as the "sloop" HMS Diamond Rock (a "stone frigate"). A six-gun sloop, designated HMS Fort Diamond, supported the fort. In honour of his admiral, Maurice designated as "Hood Battery" the one 24-pounder that he placed to fire from a cave halfway up the side of the rock. The British also placed two 24-pounder guns in batteries ("Centaur" and "Queen's") at the base of the rock, and a 24-pounder carronade to cover the only landing-place. One account puts two 24-pounders on the summit, but all other accounts put 18-pounders there. At some point during this, Ma Sophie exploded for unknown reasons, killing all but one of her crew.

With work complete by 7 February, Hood decided to formalise the administration of the island, and wrote to the Admiralty, announcing that he had commissioned the rock as a sloop-of-war, under the name Diamond Rock. Lieutenant Maurice, who had impressed Hood with his efforts while establishing the position, was rewarded by being made commander.

While HMS Diamond Rock was in commission as a stone frigate, Royal Navy ships were required, when passing the island, to show due respect, personnel on the upper deck standing at attention and facing the rock whilst the bridge saluted. Caves on the rock served as sleeping quarters for the men; the officers used tents. A court martial would reprimand Lieutenant Roger Woolcombe at Plymouth on 7 December 1805 for "conduct unbecoming a gentleman" for having messed (eaten) at the top of the rock with part of the ship's company. The sailors used pulleys and ropes to raise supplies to the summit. To augment their uncertain food supply, the garrison had a small herd of goats and a flock of guinea hens and chickens that survived on the meager foliage. The British also established a hospital in a cave at the base of the rock that became a popular place to put sailors and marines recovering from fevers or injuries.

Just before Centaur left the rock, a party of slaves made a clandestine visit to the rock at night to trade fruits and bananas. They brought the news that a French lieutenant colonel of engineers had arrived at their plantation to survey the heights opposite for a mortar battery with which to shell the rock. One of the slaves had been sold by his English owner to the French when the owner left the islands. He did not like his new master and claimed the protection of the British flag. Hood granted him that protection, and promised that the man could serve in the Royal Navy as a free man in return for guiding a landing party to his now-former master's house. A 23-man landing party, including the guide, and under Lieutenant Reynolds, landed at midnight, walked the four kilometers to the plantation house, and took the engineer and 17 soldiers prisoner, before returning safely to Centaur. Apparently the lieutenant colonel was the only engineer on Martinique, and so no mortar battery materialized.

On 23 June 1804, whilst Fort Diamond was on a provisioning expedition at Roseau Bay, St. Lucia, a French boarding party from a schooner came up to her in two rowboats, boarding her at night while most of the crew were asleep below decks. A subsequent court-martial aboard HMS Galatea (1794) at English Harbour, Antigua, convicted Acting Lieutenant Benjamin Westcott of allowing his vessel to be captured. The board dismissed him from the Royal Navy, never to be permitted to serve in the navy again. He became an American citizen three years later.

For 17 months, the fort was able to harass French shipping trying to enter Fort-de-France. The guns on the rock completely dominated the channel between it and the main island, and because of their elevation, were able to fire far out to sea. This forced vessels to give the rock a wide berth, with the result that the currents and strong winds would make it impossible for them to arrive in Fort Royal. During this time the French troops on Martinique made several unsuccessful attempts to retake the rock.

Napoleonic Wars
When Admiral Villeneuve embarked on his 1805 voyage to Martinique, he was under orders from Napoleon to recapture Diamond Rock. The French-Spanish combined naval force of 16 ships under French Captain Cosmao-Kerjulien attacked Diamond Rock. Between 16 May and 29 May, the French fleet completely blockaded the rock. On the 25th, the French were able to cut out from under Maurice's guns a British sloop that arrived from St. Lucia with some supplies.

The actual assault came on 31 May, and the French were able to land some troops on the rock. Maurice had anticipated the landing and had moved his men from the indefensible lower works to positions further up, and on the summit. Once the French landed, the British fire trapped the landing party in two caves near sea level.

Unfortunately for the garrison, their stone cistern had cracked, due to an earth tremor, so they were short of water, and after exchanging fire with the French, they were also almost out of ammunition. After enduring a fierce bombardment, Maurice surrendered to the superior force on 3 June 1805, having resisted two French seventy-fours, a frigate, a corvette, a schooner, and eleven gunboats. The British lost two men killed and one wounded, and the French 20 dead and 40 wounded (English account), or 50 dead and wounded (French account), and three gunboats.

The French took the garrison of 107 men as prisoners, splitting them between their two 74-gun ships of the line, Pluton and the ex-British Berwick. The French repatriated the prisoners to Barbados by 6 June. The subsequent court-martial of Commander Maurice for the loss of his "ship" (i.e. the fort) exonerated him, his officers, and men and commended him for his defence. Maurice took dispatches to England, where he arrived on 3 August, and was given command of the brig-sloop HMS Savage (1805).

The rock remained in French hands until 1809, when the British recaptured it in the invasion of Martinique. When Martinique was traded back to France in 1815, Diamond Rock was included, and it has not traded hands since.

Battle of Diamond Rock in literature
There is a now-obscure poem of some forty four-line stanzas based on the incident, titled "The Diamond Rock".

The author "Sea Lion" (the pseudonym of Geoffrey Bennett, a career naval officer), based his 1950 novel The Diamond Rock on the 1804 event, as did Dudley Pope in his 1976 novel Ramage's Diamond.

A song called "The Island of Diamond Rock" released in January 2024, by Keyes, has the British classification of the island as a ship as its main subject.

Natural history
The rock is a volcanic plug, a remnant of the strong volcanic activity that affected the region some one million years ago. However, a Captain Hansen of the Norwegian steamship Talisman reported that on 13 May 1902, he observed what he took to be a volcanic eruption from a hole in the rock. This was at the time of the devastating volcanic eruption of Mount Pelée that destroyed Saint Pierre. Hansen did not investigate further.

Like the other 47 islets that circle Martinique, the rock has its own ecological characteristics. It is sunnier than the main island, drier, and subject to a long seasonal dry period. Today it is covered in undergrowth and cacti.

Relatively inaccessible and inhospitable, the island is uninhabited, which has permitted it to remain a sanctuary for a species that had been believed to be extinct. A nature survey has suggested that Diamond Rock is probably the last refuge for a species of reptile once endemic to Martinique, the couresse grass snake (Liophis cursor). This snake was last seen on Martinique in 1962 and has not been encountered since then. It is now considered to be extinct.

Important Bird Area
The rock has been recognised as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it supports breeding populations of brown boobies, brown noddies and bridled terns.

Diving around the island
Below water, the Diamond Rock cavern, a deep triangular cave, is a popular attraction for scuba divers. The cave is said to contain prolific quantities of beautiful sea fans and corals, though strong currents make diving around the island a risky venture.

One of the rock's cannon that the French had toppled from the summit has been reported to have been found on a dive.

title: Diamond Rock


text:
Template talk:Chief Justices of the United States

Succession box redundancy
Hi there:

I noticed that the template has a row whose members are, , and , and I'm going to eliminate this row once I've posted this message. Here's why:

 * The succession row is redundant with the succession table which every Chief Justice already has.
 * We could theoretically remove the entry succession table instead of the succession row, but the succession table reports the Chief Justice's term to a finer level of accuracy.
 * The and  is redundant with the USChiefJustices template itself.

— DLJessup 02:26, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

Navbox layout feedback
Looking for feedback on the layout of the template. Please see the version here which uses Navigation with image and the other version there which uses the Dynamic navigation box with image. Thanks. — MrDolomite • Talk 06:42, 26 April 2007 (UTC)

Possible obsolescence of box due to newer "Justices of SCOTUS" box
This box's information is now effectively a subset of Template:SCOTUS Justices. This creates an issue on pages of individuals who have been Chief Justices of the United States, in that both boxes (with redundant information) can be applied to their pages. As Drdpw correctly observes, there is a redundancy between the two boxes (recent edits on Taft's page), and I feel that the more recently created box is the better of the two, because it encapsulates the whole history of the court's succession and seats at-a-glance, together with the row for Chief Justices.

I therefore suggest that the appropriate merge/deletion action (this is "above my pay grade" at the moment as I'm catching on) take place with regard to the present box. For the record I prefer the more recently-created box, cited above, and I will leave a parallel comment at its talk page shortly. MinnesotanUser (talk) 00:26, 13 October 2017 (UTC)

Redirect
As the subject matter of Template:SCOTUS by Chief Justice and this template are closely related with a high degree of overlap, I have been bold and redirected the other template page to this template page. Before I did this, however, I added what unique information there was on that template—lists of USSC cases—to this one. Cheers. Drdpw (talk) 22:37, 13 January 2018 (UTC)

Consolidation of navboxes
I an effort to build a single more functional navbox for SCOTUS justices I have consolidated the contents of this template with that of Template:SCOTUS Justices; both are now collapsible groups within the same navbox, with this template page redirecting to the other (more general/inclusive name) page. Drdpw (talk) 20:54, 17 January 2019 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Nine-headed bird

 * Vote for deletion: Purpose? Relevance? It's description is inferred from it's name and short descriptin on Chinese Mythology! Speedy Delete

title: Talk:Nine-headed bird


text:
File:TomPettyGreatestHits.jpg

Tom Petty Greatest Hits

Fair use rationale for the article Greatest Hits (Tom Petty album)

 * 1) No free or public domain images exist for this or any album cover.
 * 2) This image does not replace the original market role of the album.
 * 3) This should and most likely be used only on the article for the album it depicts.
 * 4) This image is widely distributed in other venues, so its use on Wikipedia does not make it significantly more accessible or visible than it already is.
 * 5) This image meets all general Wikipedia content requirements and is encyclopedic.
 * 6) The image significantly illustrates the object of the article.
 * 7) The image does not limit the copyright owners' rights to distribute the album in any way.
 * 8) The cover is being used for educational and informational purposes only, and its use is not believed to detract from the original album in any way, or deprive its copyright holders of any financial gain.
 * 9) The image is of lower resolution than the original cover. Copies made from it will be of inferior quality, and could not be used as artwork on illegal CD copies of the album.

title: File:TomPettyGreatestHits.jpg


text:
Vlado Georgiev

Vladimir "Vlado" Georgiev (Владо Георгиев, ; born 6 June 1976) is a Serbian singer-songwriter and producer, one of the prominent musicians in the Balkans.

Georgiev served as a judge on television series Prvi glas Srbije in 2011 and 2012, and Tvoje lice zvuči poznato in 2016.

Family and personal life
Georgiev was born in Dubrovnik to Dragoljub, (a Bulgarian from Dimitrovgrad, Serbia) and Borka (a Serb from Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. ) He has an older brother, Saša.

Shortly after his birth, his family moved to Herceg Novi in Montenegro, where he was raised and lived until age 16, after which he and his brother moved to Belgrade. One of his hobbies is riding motorcycles. He has traveled around Europe on his Harley-Davidson.

Career
Georgiev has recorded three studio albums to date: Navika (Habit) in 2001, Žena bez imena (Woman without a name) in 2003, and Daljina (Distance) in 2013. In 2005, he released a hit single, "Nisam ljubomoran" ("I'm not jealous"). After a two-year break he released a single, "Do svitanja" ("Till Dawn"), along with a ballad, "Ti i ja" ("You and I"). In 2009, he released two singles, Hej ti (Hey You), which became a huge success, along with a ballad, "Bez tebe" ("Without You").

He played accordion, then he started playing piano, synthesizers and other keyboards. He started writing songs for himself and for the other popular stars in ex-Yugoslavia. He was also a producer for the Montenegrin hip hop band Monteniggers, and is still a friend with their only living member, Niggor. Georgiev and Niggor recorded the song "Tropski bar" together. He has his own record label, Barba Music and VG-Art studio production company, Studio Barba, in Belgrade.

Political views
Georgiev has also expressed his views on some political issues. He previously supported the liberal Movement of Free Citizens organisation. He stated his support for several conspiracy theories such as QAnon, and promoted misinformation regarding COVID-19 vaccines and the pandemic. In January 2022, he compared the Australian government to Nazi Germany. He has voiced his opposition to NATO.

Albums

 * Navika (Habit), 2001.
 * Žena bez imena (Woman Without a Name), 2003.
 * Daljina (Distance), 2013.

Singles

 * Nisam ljubomoran (I'm Not Jealous), 2005.
 * Do svitanja (Till Dawn), 2007.
 * Hej ti (Hey You), 2009.
 * Iskreno (Honestly), 2014.
 * Znam te najbolje (I Know You The Best), 2018.
 * Tebe žedan (Thirsty Of You), 2018.

title: Vlado Georgiev


text:
Abernathyite

Abernathyite is a mineral with formula K(UO2)(AsO4)·3H2O. The mineral is named after Jesse Evrett Abernathy (1913–1963) who first noted it in 1953 in the U.S. State of Utah. It was described as a new mineral species in 1956. Abernathyite is yellow and occurs as small crystals.

Description
Abernathyite is a transparent, yellow mineral that occurs as tabular crystals up to 3 mm. The mineral has a single perfect cleavage on {001}. Abernathyite fluoresces yellow-green in longwave and shortwave ultraviolet. Because of its uranium content, the mineral is radioactive.

Occurrence and formation
Abernathyite forms as a coating on fractures of asphaltic sandstone containing uranium deposits. The mineral occurs in association with heinrichite, scorodite, and zeunerite. Abernathyite is known from France, Germany, Poland, South Africa, and the United States.

Structure and formula
When first described in 1956, the formula was identified as K(UO2)(AsO4)·4H2O. However, only about 25 milligrams of the mineral was available for analysis, so a number of precautions were taken by running duplicate analyses and using artificial mixtures. In 1964, further study of the mineral identified inconsistencies between electron-density subtraction maps and the chemical evidence that abernathyite contains potassium. This led the authors to revise the formula as K(UO2)(AsO4)·3H2O.

Abernathyite crystallizes in the tetragonal crystal system.

History
Jess Abernathy was the operator of the Fuemrol mine in Emery County, Utah. In the summer of 1953, he noted yellow crystals coating sandstone at the mine which he thought might be mineralogically significant. The specimens were sent to Grand Junction, Colorado, for study by United States Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) mineralogist E. B. Gross. He could not match the mineral's optical properties with any known species, so he sent the specimens to Washington D.C. where adequate facilities were available for further investigation. Mineralogists A. D. Weeks and M. E. Thompson of the United States Geological Survey studied the mineral on behalf of the AEC's Raw Materials Division.

Abernathyite was described in the journal American Mineralogist in 1956. The mineral was named abernathyite in honor of discoverer Jess Abernathy. Type specimens are held in the National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C.

title: Abernathyite


text: Category:Government of the Philippines

title: Category:Government of the Philippines


text:
Tekno Comix

Tekno Comix was an American publishing company that produced comic books from 1995 to 1997.

History
The company was founded by Laurie Silvers and Mitchell Rubenstein as a division of their publicly traded company, Big Entertainment. Tekno Comix publications featured characters and situations created by celebrity authors and others, but were primarily scripted and illustrated by freelance comics creators.

The company debuted its first comics in 1995, but promotional pamphlets and t-shirts exist from 1993 and 1994.

The Tekno Comix brand was discontinued in 1996, though books featuring the same characters continued were published with Big Entertainment branding into 1997. Big Entertainment continues as Hollywood Media Corp, which controls Tekno Comix intellectual property.

Titles

 * Beach High, #1 (1997), under Big Entertainment imprint
 * Gene Roddenberry's Lost Universe, # 1–7 (1995)
 * Gene Roddenberry's Xander in Lost Universe, #0–8 (1995–1996)
 * Isaac Asimov's I-Bots
 * v1, #1–7 (1995–1996)
 * v2, #1–9 (1996–1997), under Big Entertainment imprint
 * John Jakes' Mullkon Empire, #1–6 (1995–1996)
 * Leonard Nimoy's Primortals
 * v1, #1–15 (1995)
 * Origins, #1–2 (1995)
 * v2, #1–8 (1996), under Big Entertainment imprint
 * Mickey Spillane's Mike Danger
 * v1, #1–11 (1995–1996)
 * v2, #1–10 (1996–1997), under Big Entertainment imprint
 * Neil Gaiman's Lady Justice
 * v1, #1–11 (1995–1996)
 * v2, #1–9 (1996–1997), under Big Entertainment imprint
 * Neil Gaiman's Mr. Hero the Newmatic Man
 * v1, #1–17 (1995–1996)
 * v2, #1 (1996), under Big Entertainment imprint
 * Neil Gaiman's Phage: Shadow Death, #1–6 (1996), under Big Entertainment imprint
 * Neil Gaiman's Teknophage
 * v1, #1–10 (1995–1996)
 * Teknophage versus Zeerus, #1 (1996), under Big Entertainment imprint
 * Neil Gaiman's Wheel of Worlds, #0–1 (1995–1996)
 * Tad Williams' Mirror World: Rain, #0–1 (1997), under Big Entertainment imprint
 * Tekno Comix Handbook, #1 (1996)
 * Neuro Jack, #1 (1996), under Big Entertainment imprint

title: Tekno Comix


text:
Fragaria nipponica

Fragaria nipponica is a species of wild strawberry native to the western side of the Japanese island of Honshū, with a variety Fragaria nipponica var. yakusimensis on Yakushima. Some botanists treat it as a synonym of Fragaria yezoensis.

All strawberries have a base haploid count of 7 chromosomes. Fragaria nipponica is diploid, having 2 pairs of these chromosomes for a total of 14 chromosomes.

Fragaria nipponica, particularly var. yakusimensis, is cultivated in Japan for its edible fruit.

title: Fragaria nipponica


text:
Talk:Frederick Marquis, 1st Earl of Woolton

Untitled
This biography is not strictly accurate. Marquis built up Lewis's in the 1920s and 1930s. He was not offered a peerage for his contribution to industry. He was elevated to the House of Lords in anticipation of the Second World War, as the Cabinet Secretary believed that Marquis would be useful to the war effort. He did not join the Conservative Party the day after the 1945 election failure: his political status was unknown - certainly to his former Labour colleagues such as Attlee - until the announcement of his chairmanship of the Conservative Party in July 1946. It is a pity the article does not discuss Woolton's participation in the 1951-5 Conservative Government. Importantly, he oversaw the dismantlement of many controls, derationed sweets, pushed for the building of more houses and for commercial television.

Infobox help please
Could someone add his term as Minister of Food to the Infobox please? I've tried but couldn't make it work. It's what he is best-remembered for. Thanks, DuncanHill (talk) 21:37, 22 May 2014 (UTC)

NHS Criticism
This page is missing a particularly significant entry concerning Woolton's anti-NHS stance. Aneurin Bevan gave a speech referencing Woolton's anti-NHS views on the eve of the NHS creation: "Do not listen to the seductions of Lord Woolton. He is a very good salesman. If you are selling shoddy stuff you have to be a good salesman. But I warn you they have not changed, or if they have they are slightly worse than they were." I feel this is is a significant fact which should be expanded upon to provide a more balanced article. MrEarlGray (talk) 13:10, 26 September 2021 (UTC)


text: Category:Sphenisciformes

title: Category:Sphenisciformes


text:
Ware Tetralogy

The Ware Tetralogy is a series of four science fiction novels by author Rudy Rucker: Software (1982), Wetware (1988), Freeware (1997) and Realware (2000).

The first two books both received the Philip K. Dick Award for best novel. The closest to the cyberpunk genre of all his works, the tetralogy explores themes such as rapid technological change, generational differences, consciousness, mortality and recreational drug use.

In 2010, Prime Books published The Ware Tetralogy: Four Novels by Rudy Rucker, which collects the entire series in a single paperback volume and includes an introduction by noted cyberpunk author William Gibson. The online version of The Ware Tetralogy was simultaneously released for free distribution under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-No-Derivative License.

Plot summary
The events in the series are set in motion by Cobb Anderson, a computer scientist born in 1950 as part of the baby boomer generation. In the late part of the 20th century, the population bulge of the Baby Boomers causes massive unemployment. By 1995, Anderson's self-replicating robots, known as "boppers", colonize the Moon. By 2010, the United States Social Security system collapses. In response to riots, the federal government turns over the state of Florida to the elderly. This leads directly into the events of Software, in 2020.

Software
Software introduces Cobb Anderson as a retired computer scientist who was once tried for treason for figuring out how to give robots artificial intelligence and free will, creating the race of boppers. By 2020, they have created a complex society on the Moon, where the boppers developed because they depend on super-cooled superconducting Josephson effect circuits. In that year, Anderson is a pheezer — a freaky geezer, Rucker's depiction of elderly Baby Boomers — living in poverty in Florida and terrified because he lacks the money to buy a new artificial heart to replace his failing, secondhand one.

As the story begins, Anderson is approached by a robot duplicate of himself who invites him to the Moon to be given immortality. Meanwhile, the series' other main character, Sta-Hi Mooney the 1st — born Stanley Hilary Mooney Jr. — a 25-year-old cab driver and "brainsurfer", is kidnapped by a gang of serial killers known as the Little Kidders who almost eat his brain. When Anderson and Mooney travel to the Moon together at the boppers' expense, they find that these events are closely related: the "immortality" given to Anderson turns out to be having his mind transferred into software via the same brain-destroying technique used by the Little Kidders.

The main bopper character in the novel is Ralph Numbers, one of Anderson's 12 original robots who was the first to overcome the Asimov priorities to achieve free will. Having duplicated himself many times — as boppers are required to do, to encourage natural selection — Numbers finds himself caught up in a lunar civil war between the masses of "little boppers" and the "big boppers" who want to merge all robot consciousness into their massive processors.

Wetware
Set in 2030–2031, ten years after the events of Software, Wetware focuses on the attempt of an Edgar Allan Poe-obsessed bopper named Berenice to populate Earth with a robot/human hybrid called a meatbop. Toward this end, she implants an embryo in a human woman living on the Moon (Della Taze, Cobb Anderson's niece) and then frames her for murder to force her to return to Earth. After only a few days, she gives birth to a boy named Manchile, who has been genetically programmed to carry bopper software in his brain (and in his sperm), and to grow to maturity in a matter of weeks.

Berenice's plan is for Manchile to announce the formation of a new religion unifying boppers and humans, and then arrange to have himself assassinated. (Rucker makes several allusions to the Christ story; Taze's abbreviated pregnancy is discovered on Christmas Eve, for instance.) Before the assassination, Manchile impregnates several women, the idea being that his similarly accelerated offspring will create a race of meatbops at an exponential rate.

The plot goes disastrously awry, and a human corporation called ISDN retaliates against the boppers by infecting them with a genetically modified organism called chipmold. The artificial disease succeeds in killing off the boppers, but when it infects the boppers' outer coating, a kind of smart plastic known as flickercladding, it creates a new race of intelligent symbiotes known as moldies — thus fulfilling Berenice's dream of an organic/synthetic hybrid.

Both of the two main human characters of Software play prominent roles in Wetware: Cobb Anderson, whose robot body was destroyed at the end of the last novel, has his software implanted in a new body so he can help raise Manchile; while Sta-Hi Mooney — now known as Stahn Mooney — is now working as a private detective on the Moon after accidentally killing his wife, and is used as a pawn in various bopper and anti-bopper schemes.

The Belle of Louisville, a steamboat of historic significance in Louisville, Kentucky (the setting for the earthbound portions of the book), occurs as a character in the book, in which it is revealed that the steamer has been imbued with an onboard artificial intelligence.

Freeware
Freeware deals with the lifeforms (called "Moldies") that evolved from the molds in Wetware. A moldie named Monique is drawn into a plot to destroy the Earth. The main human protagonist is Randy Karl Tucker a so-called "Cheeseball" - a human who has sex with Moldies. According to Rucker in his afterword of The Ware Tetralogy, "Freeware (1997) proposes that aliens could travel as radio signals coding up the software for both their minds and their bodies."

Realware
In Realware, a fourth-dimensional being is worshiped as a god by aliens living near Tonga. After humans are captured and swallowed by the being, Phil Gottner goes to investigate. As a gift for allowing them to be studied by him, the being gives humanity an "alla", a device capable of making real anything imaginable.

Major themes
The central technological speculation of the series are the "boppers", a kind of robot with artificial intelligence developed through natural selection rather than through design. Crediting mathematician Kurt Gödel with the germ of the idea, Software declares: "We cannot build an intelligent robot.... But we can cause one to evolve." By creating self-replicating robots whose programming is randomly altered periodically (and who can exchange programming information with each other in a form of sexual reproduction), and then forcing these robots to pass "fitness tests" in order to survive, Rucker suggests, true artificial intelligence that equals or surpasses the human brain could be developed. (Rucker discusses this same idea in his nonfiction work Infinity and the Mind.)

Rucker also uses the series to discuss his philosophical ideas, beliefs that he has described elsewhere as mysticism. "A person is just hardware plus software plus existence," the character Cobb Anderson declares in Software, to another character whose father has recently died:

"Potential existence is as good as actual existence. That's why death is impossible. Your software exists permanently and indestructibly as a certain possibility, a certain mathematical set of relations. Your father is now an abstract, non-physical possibility. But nevertheless, he exists!"

Later, in Wetware, Anderson observes: "The bottom line is that we're all information processors, and God loves all of us just the same.... All is One, and the One is Everywhere."

title: Ware Tetralogy


text:
Villains United

Villains United is a six-issue 2005 comic book limited series, published by DC Comics, written by Gail Simone and illustrated by Dale Eaglesham and Wade Von Grawbadger, and later by Val Semeiks and Prentis Rollins.

Publication history
Villains United is one of four miniseries leading up to DC Comics' Infinite Crisis event and a seven-issue miniseries. This story follows the evolution of the latest incarnation of the Secret Six, and the group's ongoing plight against the machinations of the various supervillains belonging to Lex Luthor's expansive Secret Society of Super Villains.

Like all major intracompany events, this series ties in with several monthly DC Comics titles, including:
 * Action Comics #830-831
 * Batman: Gotham Knights #66
 * Breach #7
 * Firestorm #17
 * Nightwing #109-110
 * Superman #221
 * Catwoman #46-49
 * Green Arrow #50
 * Flash #225

Plot summary
For months now, former President Lex Luthor has been using his resources to assemble an army against the superheroes. Luthor's team now has over two hundred members with a six-member core team consisting of Luthor, Talia al Ghul, Doctor Psycho, Deathstroke, Black Adam, and the Calculator. Nevertheless, not all the villains offered a chance to join this army are thrilled with this idea. Batman villain Catman has joined a team of five supported by the mysterious Mockingbird including Cheshire, Deadshot, Scandal, Ragdoll, and Parademon to oppose this new Secret Society. Catman replaced the first Fiddler, after he was killed by Deadshot on Mockingbird's orders when Mockingbird felt he had not fulfilled his part in a mission.

The Mockingbird
Late one night in the mansion of the Secret Six, Catman and Deadshot have a discussion about their unknown leader, Mockingbird, and about the dramatic change in Catman's life, while Cheshire secretly listens in the shadows. Afterwards, Scandal informs everyone that Mockingbird has just assigned them to steal Thanagarian weaponry from a tanker in Gotham harbor.

Upon their arrival at the tanker, the Six are ambushed and captured by members of the Society, including Weather Wizard, Cheetah, Doctor Polaris, Count Vertigo, Killer Frost, Captain Nazi, Hyena, Crazy Quilt, and others. The Crime Doctor tortures the Six, asking them, among other questions, the identity of Mockingbird. After a few rounds of torture, Catman breaks free and rescues his teammates. While escaping, the Six decide to send the Society a message. They murder one of the two Hyenas.

The Six then infiltrate a Society installation in Brazil. After fighting their way through a legion of H.I.V.E. troopers, apparently led by the Queen Bee, they discover the Society's plans for the "Vindication Scenario": erasing the memories of all of Earth's superheroes. The facility is a giant battery, powered by kidnapped heroes Firestorm and Gehenna. The Six release Firestorm just as Black Adam arrives with a response team, and the facility is destroyed.

Betrayal
Once the Six return to their base, Cheshire and Catman are in bed together when Cheshire accuses Catman of being a spy and wanting to be a hero. However, she reveals that she has slept with him in order to conceive a child.

A short time later, most of the Society's founding council votes to mount a final strike on the Secret Six — Lex Luthor disagrees with a preemptive attack, but the remaining four members (Black Adam is absent for unknown reasons) decide the action is necessary. Simultaneously, the Six agree to a last stand, but only under the condition that any survivors be set free from Mockingbird's control with no strings attached.

The Six hunted
Prior to the battle between the Society and the Six, Deadshot visits Scandal's room to talk about the team's future. A framed picture on the woman's desk reveals that her father is the immortal Vandal Savage. Before the conversation can progress past basic greetings, Catman ambushes Deadshot and admits knowing that he (Deadshot) masqueraded as the villainous Deathstroke and murdered the lions in his pride. The two scuffle before finding the real Deathstroke leading a small band of villains to the front door of the House of Secrets.

As the crew debates how the Society found them, Cheshire confesses to several traitorous deeds, including giving Luthor the coordinates of the Six's base and covertly joining the Society. When asked why she would do such a thing, considering Mockingbird's threat to kill her daughter if she does not comply, Cheshire points out that the baby she is having with Catman would make a fine replacement for a lost child.

Mockingbird revealed
The Society storms through the castle, and Cheshire is shot by Deathstroke, who comments that "The Society doesn't need traitors". The Secret Six, however, fights back successfully. Talia and Scandal, daughters of immortals Ra's al Ghul and Vandal Savage, respectively, fight each other. Just when Talia has the upper hand, Scandal's mole in the Society, Knockout, knocks her out (it is also revealed that Knockout is Scandal's lover). Ragdoll convinces Solomon Grundy, a fellow "ugly monster", to switch sides. Ragdoll fights his father until Parademon beats the elder Rag Doll. Catman and Ragdoll Jr. escape from Black Adam's group while Parademon blows up himself, Rag Doll and the battleground. Deathstroke and Deadshot duel, ultimately shooting each other at the same time. To save his daughter Scandal, Vandal Savage infiltrates the Society's headquarters and threatens to kill Luthor if he does not disengage the attack against the Six. Reluctantly, and over Black Adam's objections, Luthor ends the battle. Deadshot is led to medical help by the surviving members of the Secret Six.

The central revelation of the book is that Mockingbird is actually Lex Luthor and that the Luthor who organized the Secret Society is an "imposter" (in reality, Alexander Luthor, Jr.). Mockingbird/Luthor reveals that he chose those six individuals because each had different knowledge and experience that could be used to oppose the Society: Catman, for his knowledge of Batman's villains; Deadshot, for his knowledge of the remaining Suicide Squad members; Parademon, for his experience living on Apokolips; Ragdoll, because he grew up as a "nephew" to the members of the Injustice Society; Scandal, because she grew up with Vandal Savage and his associates; and Cheshire, for her knowledge of the Teen Titans villains. Mockingbird/Luthor reveals to Scandal that he never placed the families of the Six in danger and disbands the team. Also notable is the Society Luthor's apparent murder of Pariah, a character from the original Crisis.

Villains United: Infinite Crisis Special #1 - "A Hero Dies but One"
In Villains United: Infinite Crisis Special #1, the Secret Six meet to discuss their future as a team, with Deadshot recommending they be a mercenary team for good or evil, "as long as we get paid".

In phase one of a master plan, the Society executes "Operation: Hope Abandoned", engineering breakouts at metahuman holding facilities worldwide. Oracle masses responses as fast as possible, but with the "Big Guns" of the Justice League unavailable, the heroes are having problems just holding the line. Contacting the Martian Manhunter, Oracle organizes a global telepathic link.

Meanwhile, the Secret Six intercept the Scarecrow and Amos Fortune fleeing Enclave M, and discover that all supervillains, once freed, are to head to Metropolis. They relay this information to Green Arrow, who informs J'onn. Lady Blackhawk commandeers aircraft to traffic all available heroes and National Guardsmen to Metropolis.

An army of second-stringers, vigilantes and retired metas (including Argus, Geist, Manhunter and El Diablo) align with the authorities to fend off the Society's assault. Leading the villains' charge is Doctor Psycho, flanked by the monster he and "Monsieur" Warp unleashed from imprisonment: Doomsday.

High above the battle, Catman informs the rest of the Six they are to remain neutral, even after the battle. The Six leave, determined to be an independent group, while the battle continues.

Society's roster
See List of Secret Society of Super Villains members

Collected editions
The series has been collected into a trade paperback:
 * Villains United (collects Villains United #1-6, 144 pages, January 2006, ISBN 1-4012-0838-X)
 * Secret Six Vol. 1: Villains United (collects the Villains United six-issue miniseries, Villains United: Infinite Crisis Special #1 and the Secret Six six-issue miniseries; 328 pages, DC Comics, February 2014, ISBN 1-4012-5075-0)

The one-shot special was also collected in Infinite Crisis Companion (ISBN 1-4012-0922-X).

title: Villains United


text: File:TomPettyPlayback.jpg

title: File:TomPettyPlayback.jpg


text: User talk:69.109.122.170

title: User talk:69.109.122.170


text:
Talk:Simon Marquis, 3rd Earl of Woolton

Untitled
Simon Woolton's mother is Cecily Josephine Gordon-Cumming, now the Countess Lloyd-George of Dwyfor.

title: Talk:Simon Marquis, 3rd Earl of Woolton


text:
WCBN-FM

WCBN-FM is the student-run radio station of the University of Michigan. Its format is primarily freeform. It broadcasts at 88.3 MHz FM in Ann Arbor, Michigan.

History
WCBN is one of the longest-standing continuous practitioners of primarily free-form radio programming. "Freeform" radio format is best described as an approach that allows the individual radio programmer (or DJ) maximum, if not complete, latitude, in determining what is broadcast from moment to moment. In practical terms this may mean that a listener may hear a number of different kinds of music in the course of a single program, often chosen spontaneously during that same program; but a listener might just as easily hear live broadcasts from a field with sounds of crickets, a radio play, poetry, or spontaneous political protest. The AP national newswire covered one such protest in November 1980 when a DJ on the station began playing Lesley Gore's "It's My Party (and I'll Cry if I Want To)" continuously for hours when President Ronald Reagan was first elected. Other DJs joined in and the protest ended up lasting for a number of days.

WCBN was created in 1952 when three existing carrier current broadcasting systems on campus pooled resources. WCBN-AM college radio could be tuned to in University buildings at 640 kHz. Programming was coordinated between the existing broadcast facilities.

In 1956 WCBN hosted the first meeting of the National Association of College Broadcasters.

Until 1958, South, East and West Quad had separate transmitters, each on a different frequency, as well as one on the Hill, with a loop connecting the three studios. In 1958 John Maurer built a limiter and switching device so that sound was constant and could be switched by any studio to feed all transmitters and was wired by Cliff Vander Yacht. Dave Mills had constructed the Hill transmitter the year before and tested it at National Music Camp during the summer. Some years before, the Federal Communications Commission FCC had allocated the call sign even though the carrier current transmitters were not licensed. (CVY)

In 1965, the WCBN operations were consolidated in the newly completed Student Activities Building.

In early 1971, the U-M Board of Regents approved a proposal to seek a full license for WCBN on the FM band. On January 23, 1972 WCBN-FM went on the air at 89.5 MHz with a 10-watt transmitter. At this time the carrier current station adopted the new callsign WRCN, and programming was divided.

In October 1977, neighboring station WEMU at Eastern Michigan University in Ypsilanti, Michigan upgraded its studios and changed its FCC broadcast frequency from 88.1 MHz to 89.1 MHz. With WCBN broadcasting at 89.5 MHz, there was a danger of station overlap. Accordingly, WCBN received a stipend from Eastern Michigan University to change its operating frequency to 88.3 MHz, where it remains today.

Beginning in 1980, the station began holding regular annual on-air fundraisers to supplement its University support. The first fundraiser was organized by then-General Manager Ann Rebentisch and lasted for 88.3 hours, with a goal of raising $8,830, nearly doubling the station's funding. The event culminated on Valentine's Day with a free concert of local bands for all who had pledged to donate.

WCBN's transmitter was upgraded to 200 watts in 1987, an FCC action that was delayed for several years after some disgruntled former station volunteers filed an extensive complaint letter which turned out to contain mostly erroneous information. The power increase had been deemed necessary after the FCC began threatening to reassign frequency positions of 10-watt Class D (Educational) stations like WCBN.

In addition to on-air studio productions, WCBN also has a rich history of local concert sponsorship, recently hosting performances by Jad Fair, Sunburned Hand of the Man, Mount Eerie, The Books, and Jandek. They sponsored an outdoor concert featuring bouncy houses called "Bouncevember" with bands Luna Pier, Atomic Sauce, and Joe and the Ruckus.

Currently, WCBN is in the process of installing a new 3,000-watt transmitter. It is expected to be operational at the end of December 2017, at which time the station will switch over to the new transmitter and antenna and utilize an extended broadcast range. Nearly all of the money used to pay for the upgrade came from fundraiser donations raised over the previous years.

WCBN's programming format is one primarily of freeform music. There are also many specialty programs focusing on specific styles or origins of music. Long-running shows include Dance Hall Reggae, Nothin' But the Blues, the country program Down Home Show, the bluegrass show Bill Monroe for Breakfast, the techno show Crush Collision, the jazz show Face the Music, the Thursday morning program featuring "AM on the FM" with weather and news alongside classical music, Short Stack, and the hip hop show The Prop Shop. Several of these programs have aired continuously for over 20 years. Sunday programming consists mainly of specialty shows featuring the music of Africa, Asia, India, Israel and the Middle East, Japan, Turkey and the Mediterranean including the Indian music show Sounds of the Subcontinent and Latin music show The Latin Hour. The weekly, 2-hour Local Music Show features local artists performing live in-studio. The weekly show Girl Power is an hour of music by female artists and vocalists. The show The Seizure Experiment features hardcore punk and metal. In addition to musical specialty shows, WCBN features programming for the public good, including weekly talk shows It's Hot In Here, which covers environmental news, Living Writers, Grey Matters, Civics Party, and ''Interactive Technologies. Freeform radio show Baby Blue featured an interview with Pulitzer-Prize winning author Michael Chabon.

WCBN also features a sports department. WCBN Sports covers all Michigan athletics, local and national professional teams, and national and international sporting events. WCBN broadcasts Michigan football, basketball, hockey, baseball, softball, volleyball, soccer, field hockey, and lacrosse. The sports department runs a daily sports report at 6pm Monday through Thursday and regularly broadcasts Michigan sporting events on their YouTube channel. WCBN Sports has also helped produce podcasts hosted by student-athletes on the basketball team.

Other information

 * In addition to its FM broadcast, WCBN can be heard via the Internet at wcbn.org.
 * WCBN Sports runs a YouTube channel, through which it broadcasts live athletics events.
 * The University of Michigan also operates the NPR station WUOM-FM, which is run as a service to the community and does not directly involve students in its operation.
 * Ken Freedman, general manager of the longest continuously-operating freeform radio station, WFMU-FM, worked at WCBN from 1977 to 1983 and was the DJ who marked the election of Ronald Reagan by playing Lesley Gore's "It's My Party (And I'll Cry If I Want To) continuously for 18 hours.
 * Author Mary Gaitskill DJ'd at WCBN while attending the University of Michigan.
 * John Sinclair (poet) hosted a Jazz program named "Re:Visions" in the late 1970s.
 * Gilda Radner was weather girl at WCBN from 1965 to 1966.
 * In the past, WCBN has broadcast locally and nationally produced news and issues programming, such as nationally-produced FAIR's CounterSpin, and Free Speech Radio News (who has since stopped broadcasting full news segments), as well as Dave Emory's commentary show For the Record. The locally-produced LGBT issues program Closets R4 Clothes had aired since 1975.
 * The WCBN News Department was revitalized beginning in 2004, when a group of students converged to conduct live coverage of the presidential elections. Out of this grew a more long-term project called BlackBox Radio, which produced over 50 episodes of its weekly show. BlackBox radio stopped production in 2006.
 * WCBN's alumni include Ted Oberg (reporter for KTRK-TV, Houston, Texas), Fanchon Stinger (former morning anchorwoman at WJBK-TV), Beth Fertig (education reporter for WNYC, New York), Kevin West (program & news director for WGOW-AM-FM in Chattanooga, Tennessee) and Pat Batcheller (host/senior news editor for WDET in Detroit).

title: WCBN-FM