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Talk:Schmaltz

Merge articles on schmaltz & lard?
What is the difference, if any, between lard and schmaltz? It seems that both terms refer to rendered animal fat. Should't these two articles be merged? – Kpalion (talk) 00:41, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I believe, Schmaltz is the one style(form, cuisine) of the food culture of German and Jewish, that originated from lard. (.v.) --Sheynhertzגעשׁ״ך 04:32, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't think I understand, Sheynhertz-Unbayg. Schmaltz is a style? Could you clarify that please? – Kpalion (talk) 21:50, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Excuse me. I think Schmaltz is a processed food that originated from lard, and is not pure "lard"(cf. peanut butter is not peanut, wine is not vine). OK?(confused English) (.;) --Sheynhertzגעשׁ״ך 11:46, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I get you now, but according to the article on lard, it is also processed foodstuff, and it's the same thing as schmaltz (in other words, both lard and schmaltz are to animal fat what peanut butter is to peanuts). Or is there some kind of subtelty I didn't catch? – Kpalion (talk) 12:32, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Lard for German language is Schlachtfett or Schweineschmalz(swine's schmaltz). (:-)) --Sheynhertzגעשׁ״ך 13:41, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * It doesn't matter. This is supposed to be an English encyclopedia, not a German-English dictionary (Wikipedia is not a dictionary). – Kpalion (talk) 16:20, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * For one thing, lard typically comes from pigs, which aren't kosher. I, for one, wouldn't want schmaltz to refer largely to a pork product.
 * I agree. In fact, I think the the link to the German Wikipedia article for "schmalz" should be removed. While they are related, they are distinct.--BillFlis 23:57, 9 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Indeed, my Jewish aunt prepares mostly duck lard, which is entirely kosher. So I suppose we could leave a note here that the schmaltz is a kosher version of lard and merge the rest to where it belongs... Halibutt 13:37, 15 September 2005 (UTC)

 * So, please correct me if I get it wrong: schmaltz is an English word for kosher lard which came to English from German via Yiddish. That would be logical wouldn't it? – Kpalion (talk) 17:34, 15 September 2005 (UTC)

 * In the interests of strengthening Wikipedia's Project Judaism, I vote for two separate articles: Schmaltz and Lard. The main difference is that one is kosher and the other is not. Each article could have a "See also" reference to the other one—in the same way that cholent and chamin, which are basically the same type of slow-cooked stew, have different entries in deference to their respective Ashkenazi and Sephardi origins. Yoninah 15:07, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Schmaltz is not kosher lard, for the same reason that shortening is not merely vegetable lard. True, they are both rendered animal fats, but the characteristics of beast (mammalian) fat are different from those of the fat of fowls.  Ducks and geese use fat to keep them afloat, and like chickens need it to regulate their body temperature; mammals need less of this.  The fat of fowls is oilier and heavier than the fat of pork.  So for the same reason that I would not use shortening in a recipe that calls for lard (the result will be dry and dusty), I probably would not substitute lard for schmaltz. (anon)
 * It should not be merged. Schmaltz is not typically used in the English language except in some urban areas in the USA.  I don't think this should even be an issue.  Schmaltz is typically poultry related, lard is typically pork, suet is beef, etc. (anon)

 * I think, english (American, Yiddish, Jewish, and Halibutt's Polish) Schmaltz and German Schmalz is different type. Jewish shmaltz is from chicken. --Sheynhertzגעשׁ״ך 08:50, 2 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I feel a merger would be inappropriate. Schmaltz, both merely as a processed food, and as a foodstuff particularly emblematic of a specific culture, merits an article on its own apart from lard.  It is appropriate for the article to distinguish the German schmaltz which means lard in general from the Yiddish usage of schmaltz or shmalz specific to chicken fat.  (I have never heard it applied to other poultry fats as well, such as goose or turkey, but I'll bow to any Yiddish or kashrut authority on that point.)  Clarifying the distinction doesn't turn the article into a dictionary entry.  Furthermore, including other definitions of the word schmaltz still doesn't turn this into a dictionary entry, it just provides readers with some guidance short of creating a disambig page.  (I think a disambig page would be unmerited and might approach being a dictionary-style listing of alternate definitions, rather than an index to substantive articles.)

 * German schmaltz is spelled Schmalz, and it's made of pigs or ducks. Sth. sold simply als Schmalz is definetely Schweineschmalz or pig schmaltz, schmaltz from goose is sold explicitely as Gänseschmalz. To clear the etymology, Schmalz is German, not Jiddisch. It is derived from schmelzen, which is common in all Germanic Languages eg. as smelt in English or smelten in old dutch. Other words with the same radical are Schmelze (smeltery) or Schmelz (enamel). Deutsches Wörterbuch von Jacob Grimm und Wilhelm Grimm says: mhd. ahd. smalz, mnd. nnd. smalt, smolt, mndl. nndl. smout, zu schmelzen gehörig. Schmalz was very common in the last centuries, before margarine was invented and when butter was very expensive, so most people used Schmalz as fat. I guess other countries and cuisines share that practice too. From there the word and the practice have found there way into Jiddisch and English.

 * The schmaltz article could use substantive enhancement about the role of schmaltz in cooking, as a cultural touchstone, as a preservative, and as a staple food so important that German soldiers were issued schmaltz tins to take into the field with them (I don't have a cites handy or I'd add some of this today). When the article progresses that far, the explanations of the etymology and the brief excursion into other usages will be much less prominent.

 * Finally, schmaltz is an English word, having migrated from German, so the question of becoming a German-English dictionary is not pertinent. Schmaltz is sold as such in Anglophone venues, just as kielbasa is; and like kielbasa, both are included in the American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, accessible at dictionary.com.  Schmaltz is my family surname, and I've spent a lifetime hearing about it, hence all the trivia in this comment. As Wiki's mayonnaise is not subsumed in oil, schmaltz ought not be subsumed in lard.  -- Lisasmall 02:43, 17 July 2006 (UTC)

I've removed the reference to pig and bacon again. The word as its used in American English refers exclusively to poultry. I'm curious if its the same in England. Perhaps there could be a separate section that discussed that other Eastern European cultures include pig fat in the definition, but that in America specifically it refers exclusively to poultry? Maybe just a little on the etymology. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Mujeresliebres (talk • contribs) 06:49, 24 December 2009 (UTC)

If this article is not merged...

 * If this article isn't merged then it should be written in paragraph form, rather than as a list of bullet points. ike9898 01:05, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I vote for a merger on the pretence that Smalec means lard in polish so to say that it means only bird fat is not true.(anon)
 * Where did you get Polish? The word, now part of American English, arrived from the Yiddish, which in turn had taken it (long ago) from German. The word in English has acquired another, figurative meaning of excessively sentimental music or art. No need for original research, just look it up!--BillFlis 11:32, 10 January 2007 (UTC)

To clarify what Schmaltz is in Germany: it is the rendered fat or drippings from any roasted animal. So, you can have pork schmaltz, goose schmaltz, bacon schmaltz, chicken schmaltz, etc. — Preceding unsigned comment added by KristenHannum (talk • contribs) 19:41, 15 August 2012 (UTC)

Schmaltz as Music
My own interpretation of the popular meaning Schmaltz as music is a reference specifically to the music of the 40s and 50s, exemplified by such performers as Frank Sinatra and Dean Martin, predating the emergence of Rock (as a white art form with performers such as Elvis Presley). I've never heard the term used to refer to other periods and types of music, despite its sentimentality level, except in reference to the above mentioned musical period. (anon)
 * Schmaltz as a descriptor of music can cover the genre you describe, but it's also applied to the polkas and waltzes popularized in the mid-20th century. The Lawrence Welk Show would be a good example of this; Liberace and Paul Anka have also been called schmaltzy, and, more recently, Barry Manilow. I am not contradicting your view, just suggesting the term is used so much by critics that it's hard to designate one particular time as the classic or definitive Era of Schmaltz.  -- Lisasmall 02:43, 17 July 2006 (UTC)
 * I think you're confusing "schmaltzy" with "square". I've looked in three dictionaries, including this one and this one, and they all agree on the sentimental meaning. Moreover, they tell no story of any servant of any queen being the source of the word, but give its etymology merely as the Yiddish meaning of rendered fat. The Dictionary of American Slang dates it to 1951. Also, this reference says that the term is not slang.--BillFlis 13:15, 8 January 2007 (UTC)

Schmaltz in Common-Speak

 * Great article. I use schmaltz all the time in speech to refer to something excessively cheezy (in the non-literal sense) or sentimental, so that definition seemed bang on to me :D Must be a North American term (I'm from Western Canada and it is used here often enough :) Isn't linguistics interesting? :D DasHip 05:16, 8 February 2007 (UTC) DasHip

 * As I understand the meaning my father gave me, Smaltz was a slang word used in Minnesota and later migrated to the East. He told me it was used in his high school (around 1936-1939) to discribe White music.  He said it was made up from Swing Music and Waltz - commonly attributed to 'White' music.

 * In the AC/DC rock band's song 'Let there be Rock' there is a reference sung by Bon Scott:

 * "The white man had the smaltz, the black man had the blues"...
 * @DasHip - I suspect it's more of a US vs Commonwealth issue. Outside British Jews (I imagine?), only the sentimental version is known in the UK. Partly that's just because Jewish culture has far less influence on British culture than in the Eastern US, and partly because to British eyes/ears - so much of US culture is overly sentimental. We like some bittersweet in there. So a lot of Hollywood films and film music is schmaltzy to the British. The "authentic" meaning may have been applied to specific styles of music in the 1950s originally, but certainly on this side of the pond it's become much more generalised in the same way that "rock n roll" can apply both to specific music of the 1950s and similar music from subsequent decades. It wouldn't hurt to make the sentimental definition more prominent, to make more sense to a more global audience. 92.20.149.175 (talk) 20:46, 3 September 2015 (UTC)

I have never heard it used except in the "excessively cheesy" sense. I think the sentence " English usage tends to follow Yiddish, where it means poultry fat" is misleading as in context it implies that the choice is between chicken fat and any fat, as opposed to "fat" and "cheesy". I suggest that sentence be changed to "English usage tends to use the metaphorical meaning of 'cheesy'."Richardson mcphillips (talk) 15:48, 20 May 2018 (UTC)

Duck fat?
Is duck fat a form of schmaltz? Many high-end markets sell rendered duck fat and I know its important in Hungarian cuisine. Should uses of duck fat be part of the shmaltz article or should that be in its own article? Peter G Werner 22:19, 12 February 2007 (UTC)

Schmalz = lard
It is true that some kinds of Schmalz taste strongly and have all that funny stuff (Grieben) in them, however the vanilla pure pork fat, nearly taste- and odorless, used for frying, is also called Schmalz. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 145.253.2.236 (talk) 20:21, 2 November 2007 (UTC)

NOpe. schmalz is the the Americn English word for the type of fat also denoted by the British English word "dripping." Dripping is not lard. Lard typically refers to wet rendered lard - which is almost flavourless. Dripping is referred to as dry rendered lard in the article on lard, but then the rest of the article focuses on wet rendered lard. If anything, this article on Schmalz should be merged with the article on dripping. Toroboro (talk) 18:01, 16 March 2008 (UTC)

Lard it on!
How else to overcome friction and get readers to swallow the topic? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Johnshoemaker (talk • contribs) 09:50, 19 March 2008 (UTC)

Vegetarian schmaltz
After all the great discussion on how important it is that schmaltz be from chicken and not pigs, it seems strange that there is a section on 'vegetarian schmaltz'. Shouldn't that be 'vegetarian imitation schmatlz'? We don't call margarine 'vegan butter', after all.... --Macrakis (talk) 02:00, 5 May 2008 (UTC)

Road Sign??
I find no relevant hits on google for schmaltz "road sign". Is this vandalism or a joke? Gigs (talk) 16:53, 13 June 2008 (UTC)

Duck?
Can it also consist of duck fat? Badagnani (talk) 02:53, 20 June 2008 (UTC)

Art etc
When applied to "excessively sentimental" art and music, it is hard to see a link. However, the artist Herbert Schmalz (without the "t") who lived from the 1860s to 1935 produced some of the most excessively maudlin and sentimental paintings that have ever been created. I would like to suggest here that when applied to art, it is his name that is being remembered, not fatness or wealth. See Sir Galahad They are all pretty tacky, but this one is possibly the worst! Amandajm (talk) 15:51, 18 July 2009 (UTC)

 * This may well be true, but you'll need to find a reliable source for it. The OED and Eric Partridge give the 'grease' etymology.  A problem with the Herbert Schmalz theory is that starting with the earliest known quotations (OED 1935), 'schmaltz' referred to a style of music, not visual art. --macrakis (talk) 23:00, 18 July 2009 (UTC)
 * That's interesting. Poor Herbert Schmalz seems to have faded into oblivion.... his work is truly smaltz, but is very well represented in the storage basements of a great number of art galleries, and was turned into prints for the walls of cottages across several nations.
 * I can't help thinking that the OED has got it wrong. Short memories and an added "t". If the OED contradicts it, however, it would be very hard to prove. It would be hard to find supporting evidence. Amandajm (talk) 01:43, 19 July 2009 (UTC)

 * This isn't of course definitive, but a Google search (including Books and News) for ["herbert schmalz" +schmaltzy] finds only 1 usenet post.  So if there is supporting evidence, it is pretty well hidden.... --Macrakis (talk) 14:19, 10 September 2010 (UTC)

 * Oh, it's easy to see the link. Think of overly rich food made that way by the use of shmaltz in the recipe.  Or its use as a butter substitute on bread for meat meals in a kosher household.  A full, sweet taste to some, over-the-top to others.  Just like sentiment.  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 216.200.161.146 (talk) 01:02, 12 June 2012 (UTC)

Schmalz as last name
Schmaltz and Schmalz are also common last names amongst Ashkenazi Jewish people of German and Austrian descent[1] as it is meant to imply that the bearer has enough wealth to regularly purchase schmaltz.[citation needed]

That sounds dubious to me. The name seems to me more likely to mean 'chandler'. And why is this in the first section? (unsigned contribution by User:Jive Dadson on 2010-09-10T01:25:53)

Schmalz/Schmaltz
Well, I was looking for this article due to the AC/DC song (Let There be Rock). Is the common English spelling "Schmaltz" or is it - like in German - Schmalz?--PeterTrompeter (talk) 12:58, 2 January 2011 (UTC)

the lard pot
The article mentions the expression falling into the schmaltz pot, meaning to be lucky. Would it be fitting to add that, incidentally, the similar German saying stepping into the lard pot means just the opposite, namely to make a faux-pas? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Andersenman (talk • contribs) 17:07, 10 August 2011 (UTC)

Refocus article?
What does everyone think of this: limit this article to just the use of "schmaltz" in Jewish cuisine, i.e. rendered goose, duck, or chicken fat, leaving all mention of pork schmaltz--i.e. lard--to the article on lard, perhaps creating a new "Lard by country" section and have the text taken from this article be the Germany/Austria section or something. Furthermore, the principles that underlie WP:UE and WP:UCN would suggest a similar change--when I, a native speaker of English, talk about "schmaltz" in English, I'm almost never talking about lard. Were I in Germany, I might say "schmaltz" while speaking English in reference to lard if it were something like griebenschmaltz that doesn't have a native name in English, but then it would be a foreign term. However, when I say "schmaltz" in America, I don't mean lard. I mean either poultry fat or sappy sentimentality--usually the latter, since only Jews and Judaeophile foodies like me know what the former is. In these Yiddish-derived senses, the word is fully naturalized into American English, and on that grounds I would suggest that we focus on the word as it is used in American English--poultry fat, sentiment, and colorful Yinglish idioms. Lockesdonkey (talk) 21:27, 18 March 2012 (UTC)

Refocus is a sad idea
Realistically the word Schmaltz was brought into the English Language trough German and Yiddish. We are now arguing for a total dominance of the one influence over the other and this way to justify a narrow view on the term. I don’t believe that the question “What is Schmaltz” would be clearly answered by English speakers throughout the world as “Animal Fat NOT from pigs”. Besides other’s, I lived in South Africa, UAE and the UK. In neither place I had a problem to buy Schmaltz from pig fat. From conversations, with locals (non-Germans), I would clearly take the impression away that they understand Schmaltz as fat of different origins, including pigs. — Preceding unsigned comment added by OliverBischoff (talk • contribs) 10:06, 6 February 2013 (UTC)

Poor Quality
While focussing on keeping this article narrow to one cultural aspect of subject, the content seems to be reduced to little informative points and more anecdotal story telling.

Examples in Vegetarian schmaltz - Only Advertisement?

 * I cannot find much about Debra's Schmaltz… It seems to not be listed on the Heartfoundation’s Web site http://www.heartfoundation.co.za/products

 * The reference to astray.com seems to have little substance “As far as I can tell the first commercially made vegetarian "schmaltz" was made …”

For the sake of the English speaking world, get over the ideology and add some content (That was partially there before). If I want to know something about Schmalz, this is currently not the place to go. — Preceding unsigned comment added by OliverBischoff (talk • contribs) 10:58, 6 February 2013 (UTC)

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In German we don´t call tallow schmalz we call it "Talg" https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talg ""The English term "schmaltz" is derived from Yiddish, and is cognate with the German term Schmalz, meaning "rendered animal fat", regardless of source: both tallow and lard are considered forms of Schmalz in German"" this is wrong — Preceding unsigned comment added by 93.212.74.143 (talk) 18:48, 9 November 2016 (UTC)

Smalec
I was looking for an article on the Polish food Smalec and the term redirected here. Smalec is a Polish spread made from rendered pig fat, so it doesn't seem appropriate that it should redirect to an article on kosher cuisine.

This recipe seems fairly typical of many that are available online- all of which are based on rendered pork fat.

https://polishhousewife.com/smalec-recipe/

Maybe 'Smalec' should redirect to the article on lard rather than to this article- at least until such time as there's enough information provided by someone who knows about the subject for it to have its own article.

Irish Pete  18:13, 21 May 2020 (UTC)

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Ed Fallon

Ed Fallon is an American activist, former politician, talk show host, author and urban farmer from the State of Iowa. He was previously a Democratic candidate for Governor of Iowa and the U.S. Congress, and served as a member of the Iowa General Assembly from 1993 to 2006.

Early life
The son of a member of the U.S. military, Fallon was born in Santa Monica, California in 1958, but spent the majority of his formative years living in Saugus, Massachusetts. After two years at Marlboro College in Vermont, he spent several years traveling around Europe, Canada, and the Middle East. At one point, having exhausted his financial resources, he was homeless for a time before returning to the United States. During his travels, he acquired some fluency in Spanish and French.

Upon returning to the U.S., he moved to Iowa, where he attended Drake University between 1985 and 1987, earning a bachelor's degree in religious studies. Fallon also worked as a field canvasser for Iowa Citizen Action Network during this period. After graduating from Drake, he became a community organizer in the inner city of Des Moines, the result of his opposition to the then-dominant policies of President Ronald Reagan and other conservative Republicans. After organizing the Iowa portion of the Great Peace March for Global Nuclear Disarmament in 1986, Fallon founded the Des Moines Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, which ultimately became Clarion Alliance, a non-profit focusing on peace and conflict resolution issues.

State legislature
In 1992, he decided to enter electoral politics, challenging Democratic State Representative Gary Sherzan, a ten-year incumbent, for re-nomination. Although Sherzan outspent him by almost a two-to-one margin, Fallon won the primary with 63% of the vote and went on to an easy victory in the general election.

During the 2000 presidential election, he made headlines across the state when he endorsed the candidacy of Green Party nominee Ralph Nader over that of Democrat Al Gore because of Gore's choice of Joe Lieberman as a running mate. Fallon admitted in 2001 that, while people's frustration with the Democratic Party was legitimate, his decision to back Nader was a mistake.

The leaders of the Iowa Democratic Party, angered at Fallon's actions, stripped him of his place as ranking member of the House Local Government Committee. He was voted off the Polk County Democratic Central Committee and, when the state was redistricted in 2001, 70% of his former constituents were moved to another district (which was done through a non-partisan process). Facing a three-way primary in what was for all intents and purposes a new district, Fallon was not expected to survive. Instead, he won 68% of the vote in the primary and won re-election to a sixth term.

2006 gubernatorial race
In October 2002, after progressive Minnesota Senator Paul Wellstone died in a plane crash, Fallon decided that he wanted to emulate Wellstone's impact on his state's politics by running for Governor. After spending almost two and a half years testing the waters and preparing for his run, he announced his candidacy on April 9, 2005, at a rally at the Iowa State Capitol, becoming the first candidate to officially declare.

During the course of the race, in which he faced Secretary of State Chet Culver and former state economic development director and Congressman Mike Blouin, Fallon positioned himself as a candidate focused on populist concerns. The main focal point of his campaign was a pledge to enact voluntary public financing of elections, a pledge that he reinforced with his refusal to accept donations from political action committees and lobbyists and his self-imposed limitation of $2400 in contributions per person. He was also in favor of creating a locally owned renewable fuels industry, universal health care, reforming the Departments of Human Services and Corrections, ending government handouts to big business, and increased funding for public education. He opposed urban sprawl, legalized gambling, factory farms, and the Iowa Values Fund, a multimillion-dollar corporate incentive package that he dubbed "corporate welfare."

In January and March 2006, more delegates pledged to him were selected to attend the state party convention than those of any other candidate. If no candidate had won 35% of the vote in the primary, convention delegates would have awarded the nomination. In late May, he received the endorsement of the Iowa Sierra Club and the Iowa City Press-Citizen, becoming the first candidate to receive support from a major newspaper.

In the primary on June 6, 2006, the winner was Chet Culver with 57,976 votes (39.09%) and Fallon ran third out of a field of four, receiving 38,160 votes (25.73%). Although this result was not the win that Fallon and his supporters had hoped for, it was considerably in excess of the 5 to 10% that pundits had speculated he might receive at the beginning of the race.

Hiatus from politics
On November 10, 2006, three days after the midterm elections, during which candidates that Fallon had campaigned for were elected Governor, Secretary of State, and to the state legislature and the United States Congress, he announced in an e-mail to supporters that he would take a hiatus from electoral politics, during which he would form a new political activist organization, dedicated to social justice, clean elections, and encouraging local and state action to address global warming.

On December 28, 2006, Fallon appeared in Des Moines at the first official presidential campaign event of former North Carolina Senator John Edwards, taking tickets and passing out Edwards campaign literature. Edwards, who was the Democratic nominee for Vice President in 2004, has taken positions similar to Fallon's on campaign finance reform and universal health care, and has called for an end to poverty and an immediate withdrawal from the Iraq War.

On January 11, 2007, Fallon announced in an e-mail to supporters that he had co-founded a private business called "Independence Movement for Iowa," or I'M for Iowa. According to Fallon, the organization will seek "independence" for Iowa from "special interest campaign contributions"; "poverty, injustice and discrimination"; "fossil fuels and foreign oil"; "government subsidies for big business"; and "government officials who operate without the public's interest in mind, often behind closed doors, and with a lack of integrity and accountability.". Questions were raised about I'M for Iowa in March 2007 about whether the organization was following campaign finance laws and behaving in an ethical manner."

2008 Congressional run
On January 8, 2008, Fallon formally filed paperwork with the Federal Election Commission to run for Congress. He formally announced his candidacy in a press conference in Des Moines on January 16, 2008.

Media reports noted that Fallon carried the 3rd District in the 2006 gubernatorial primary, and examination of the caucus results shows that John Edwards, whom Fallon endorsed, did much better in the district than did Senator Hillary Clinton, whom Boswell endorsed. Edwards carried six counties in the district, while Clinton carried none. Fallon was defeated by Boswell in the Democratic primary on June 3, 2008, by a 61 to 39 percent margin.

Occupy movement
Fallon was arrested with a number of others on October 8, 2011, on the Iowa Capitol grounds when police broke up the Occupy Des Moines encampment, part of the Occupy Movement. Fallon was found not guilty of trespassing by a jury on March 9, 2012.

Climate advocacy
On March 1, 2013, Fallon announced the start of a campaign aimed at inspiring society to take action on climate change. Fallon assembled a team and launched the non-profit, Great March for Climate Action. His plan to inspire hundreds of individuals to march across the nation, from Los Angeles, CA to Washington, DC, helped motivate both the general public and elected officials to address climate change.

On March 2, 2015, Fallon began a 400-mile hike along the then-proposed Dakota Access pipeline in Keokuk, to protest and rally support for farmers, landowners, and Indigenous people affected by the plan. On May 18, 2015, Capitol Police were called for a disturbance in the Governor's Office. Fallon was found refusing to leave as he protested the Dakota Access pipeline. He was escorted off the premises and charged with criminal trespassing. He posted bond that evening.

From late 2015 to early 2016, Fallon worked with The Climate Mobilization to approach presidential candidates campaigning for the Iowa caucuses urging a more realistic and ambitious approach to the climate crisis, an economic mobilization on the scale of the American effort during World War II for 100% clean energy and net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2025. In January 2016, Fallon hosted a "Climate Emergency Caucus" in Des Moines before the Iowa caucuses, which simulated the state's 2016 Democratic presidential primary caucus. Bernie Sanders won the vote with 67% of attendees. Fallon endorsed Sanders for president, and spoke publicly in his favor in advance of the Iowa caucuses.

Since its formation in 2016, Fallon has served as the director of Bold Iowa. Bold Iowa's mission is to build rural-urban coalitions to address climate change and prevent the abuse of eminent domain to build pipelines.

Fallon wrote his first book, Marcher, Walker, Pilgrim, published in 2018.

Urban farming
Currently, in addition to hosting The Fallon Forum talk show, and directing Bold Iowa and Climate March, Ed Fallon and his wife manage Birds & Bees Urban Farm, a Des Moines educational non-profit urban farm.

title: Ed Fallon


text:
User:HastyPud

Wikipedia does not yet have a User page called HastyPud.

title: User:HastyPud


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Belgium at the Olympics

Belgium has competed at most editions of the Olympic Games after making its first appearance at the 1900 Games. The nation was host to the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp.

The National Olympic Committee for Belgium was created and recognized in 1906.

Hosted Games
Belgium has hosted the Games on one occasion.

Summer Olympics

 * Russian team's gold medals were stripped due to anti-doping rules violation by Yulia Chermoshanskaya.

Swimming
Belgium's Olympic debut included one swimmer, who entered the men's 4000 metre freestyle and did not finish the first round (semifinals).

Archery
Archery was one of the sports in which Belgium competed in the nation's first appearance in 1900. The Belgian archers took the gold medal in 3 of the 7 events in Paris, finishing with 7 medals total.

Cycling
Belgium's debut in 1900 included one cyclist.

Equestrian
Belgium competed at the first equestrian events in 1900, winning gold medals in three of the five events.

Fencing
Belgium's Olympic debut in 1900 included five fencers, one of whom reached the final pool but who won no medals.

Field hockey
Belgium's Olympic debut was in 1920 as the host nation. They won the bronze medal. Their best result was the gold medal in 2020.

Football
Belgium's Olympic debut in 1900 included a men's football team, which is currently recognized as bronze medalists. The team's next appearance was as the host of the 1920 Games, at which the Belgian men won gold. Belgium competed again at the next two Games (1924 and 1928), but then did not appear again until 2008. That year, Belgium reached the semifinals but then lost twice to finish fourth.

Belgium has not appeared at the Olympics in women's soccer.

Gymnastics
Belgium's Olympic debut in 1900 included two gymnasts who competed in the men's individual all-around.

Rowing
Belgium competed at the first Olympic rowing regatta in 1900; the Royal Club Nautique de Gand men's eight took silver.

Shooting
Belgium debuted in shooting in 1900.

title: Belgium at the Olympics


text:
Clara Shortridge Foltz

Clara Shortridge Foltz (July 16, 1849 – September 2, 1934) was an American lawyer, the first female lawyer on the West Coast, and the pioneer of the idea of the public defender. The Criminal Courts Building in downtown Los Angeles was renamed after her in 2002, and is now known as the Clara Shortridge Foltz Criminal Justice Center.

Early life and legal education
Foltz was born Clarissa Shortridge in Milton, Indiana, to Talitha and Elias Willetts Shortridge (a lawyer and preacher). Prior to the Civil War, the family moved to Mount Pleasant, Iowa, where Foltz attended a co-educational school (rare at the time). In December 1864, at age 15, she eloped with a farmer and Civil War veteran named Jeremiah D. Foltz, and they began having children. However, he had difficulty supporting his family. The Foltzes moved several times, first to Portland, Oregon and finally to San Jose, California in 1872. During these times, she contributed articles to the New Northwest and the San Jose Mercury.

Around 1876, her husband abandoned her and their five children. She began studying law in the office of a local judge, in part through the support of local suffragette Sarah Knox-Goodrich. She also supported herself by giving public lectures, starting in 1877, on suffrage.

Joining the California bar
Foltz wanted to take the bar examination but California law at the time allowed only white males to become members of the bar. Foltz authored a state bill, known as the "Woman Lawyer Bill," which replaced "white male" with "person," and in September 1878 she passed the examination and was the first woman admitted to the California bar, and the first female lawyer on the entire west coast of the United States. Having little formal education, she wished to study at the first law school in California to improve her skills. Alongside her ally Laura de Force Gordon, Foltz applied to Hastings College of the Law but was denied admission because of her sex. Foltz and Gordon sued, but recognized that they faced strong opposition.

To advance their cause, Gordon and Foltz wrote an amendment to the California state constitution that read "No person shall, on account of sex, be disqualified from entering upon or pursuing any lawful business, vocation, or profession." Drawing upon both the Woman Lawyer Bill and the soon-to-be-ratified equal opportunity in employment statement in the constitution, Foltz and Gordon were able to argue that if women could serve as lawyers they must certainly be allowed to attend law school at the coeducational University of California. Chief Justice of California Robert F. Morrison agreed, and in Foltz v. Hoge ruled that Foltz and Gordon should be admitted to Hastings. The ruling was appealed, and Foltz studied for and passed the California State Supreme Court bar exam in order to argue her case, which she ultimately won. Although Foltz successfully obtained admission for all qualified women to Hastings, the work to win the case left Foltz impoverished and she returned to her legal career instead of pursuing her dream of attending law school.

Later career
Foltz practiced in San Francisco, San Diego, and from 1896 to 1899 in New York, where she attempted to create a career as a corporate attorney.

Public speaking
In an era when public speaking could be a lucrative career, Foltz spoke for the Republicans during the campaigns of 1880, 1882, and 1884. In 1886 she became a Democrat, and in the winter of that year lectured in Wisconsin, Illinois, and Iowa.

Suffrage
Foltz became a leader in the woman’s voting rights movement. During a career that spanned 56 years, Foltz almost single-handedly pushed a great deal of progressive legislation for women’s rights in the voting and legal fields.

Public defense
At the Chicago World’s Fair in 1893, during a "congress" of the Board of Lady Managers, Foltz made her first highly public presentation of her idea of the public defender. Foltz's then-radical concept of providing assistance to indigent criminal defendants would be used today throughout the United States.

Other accomplishments
Foltz was notable for many "firsts": first female clerk for the State Assembly's Judiciary Committee (1880); the first woman appointed to the State Board of Corrections; the first female licensed Notary Public; the first woman named director of a major bank; and, in 1930, the first woman to run for Governor of California, at the age of 81.

In 1910, she was appointed to the Los Angeles District Attorney's Office, becoming the first female deputy district attorney in the United States. She was active in the suffrage movement, authoring the Women's Vote Amendment for California in 1911. Foltz also raised five children, mostly as a single mother, and encouraged women not to overlook their traditional domestic roles.

Foltz also founded and published the San Diego Daily Bee, and New American Woman Magazine, for which she wrote a monthly column until her death.

Family
Foltz's brother, Samuel M. Shortridge, was elected to the United States Senate from California in 1920 and served two terms. Foltz supported his campaigns, though earlier she had disagreed with him on key issues such as tariffs.

Their brother Charles M. Shortridge (1858–1918) was the owner of the San Jose newspaper Daily Mercury and purchased The San Francisco Call in 1895.

Death
Foltz died at the age of 85 of heart failure at her home in Los Angeles on September 2, 1934. The pallbearers for her funeral included Governor Frank Merriam and several prominent federal and state judges. She was cremated and interred at Inglewood Park Cemetery in Los Angeles County.

Posthumous recognition
At the insistence of its female students, Hastings College of the Law granted Foltz a posthumous degree of Doctor of Laws in 1991. Additionally, the primary social space inside UC Hastings's McAllister Tower student housing complex was christened the Clara S. Foltz Lounge. In 2002, the Criminal Courts Building in downtown Los Angeles was renamed the Clara Shortridge Foltz Criminal Justice Center.

title: Clara Shortridge Foltz


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User talk:KLSnow

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Questions, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Johntex 00:46, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
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title: User talk:KLSnow


text: User talk:83.131.70.29

title: User talk:83.131.70.29


text:
P convention

The "-P Convention" or "P Question" refers to the act of making a statement into a question by appending "P." When spoken aloud, the "P" is literally pronounced as a separate syllable "Pee."

This practice originated among users of the Lisp programming language, in which there is the convention of appending the letter "P" on elements to denote a predicate (a yes or no question). It is most commonly used at MIT and the University of California, Berkeley, or among computer scientists working in Artificial intelligence (which frequently uses Lisp).

This usage was immortalized in the Jargon File and from there the use spread to some younger users seeking to be part of the classical Internet community.

The typical example of use is: Q: "Foodp?" (Do you want food?) A: "T!" (Literally, True: yes) A: "Nil." (Also Null; no, I don't want food).

title: P convention


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User:Dpbsmith/Ames

Ames Shovel Works (1901: Ames Shovel and Tool Company; 1999: Ames True Temper) was an industrial giant of the nineteenth century and early twentieth century.

It is traditionally said to have been founded by Captain John Ames in West Bridgewater in 1774. Ames was the first producer of metal-bladed shovels in America/

The company's real history began in 1803 John Ames' son Oliver Ames settled in Easton, Massachusetts, which was both an important iron producer and in a location with potential for water power, and started the Ames Shovel Company. The enterprise became extremely successful. During the War of 1812 the Embargo Act gave Ames a monopoly on the sale of shovels. The construction of the Erie Canal created a huge demand for shovels, as did the 1849 California Gold Rush, by which time the Ames company was already a million-dollar company

By the turn of the century the Ames Shovel Company was manufacturing three-fifths of the world's shovels, and the Ames family was one of the wealthiest and most prominent families in Massachusetts.

An 1891 letter refers to an individual as being "as well known to the hardware trade as an Ames shovel."

A 1901 New York Times story reported:
 * the latest combination to be announced on Wall Street is the Shovel Trust, which was formally announced yesterday.... The name adopted is the Ames Shovel and Tool Company The legal work... was engineereed byt he law department of the Union Pacific. The combination is made up of five companies... the Ames Shovel Works of Massachusetts, the Rowland Shovel Works of Philadelphia, the Wright & Alford Shovel Works of Terre Haute, the St. Louis Shovel Works, and the H. M. Meyers Shovel Works of Beaver Falls, Penn.... The reason for the consolidation is said to be the better protection of [their] patents... [but] the relative size of the constituent companies makes it probable that the combination must aim at controlling the bulk of American output.

title: User:Dpbsmith/Ames


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User talk:68.71.32.225

Your link for OnLine GameBoy doesn't work. Do you have a new one?

title: User talk:68.71.32.225


text:
Nepal at the 1972 Summer Olympics

Nepal competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany.

Athletics
Men's Marathon:
 * Jit Bahadur — 2:57:58.8 (→ 60th place)
 * Bhakta Bahadur — did not finish (→ no ranking)

title: Nepal at the 1972 Summer Olympics


text:
Talk:Quimbanda

Untitled
This would be a stronger article with a larger variety of citation authors.

This article states "Umbanda represented the more Europeanized traits of the religion, while Quimbanda emphasized black magic." but does not cite these statements. Please add citations for this statement.

If this religion is practiced in Brazil, then... how could it be an "Afro-American" religion? That doesn't make any sense, and it sounds like a racist categorization. [unsigned edit by anonymous user 24.58.35.49]

 * Brazil is part of the Americas, and these religions (at least in part) originate in Africa. Perhaps you could suggest an alternate term for such religions? ntennis 08:20, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

 * So why don't just call it African religion? If it is originated in Africa and it is practiced in Brazil, why say that it is "Afro-American"? In Brazil we say "Afro-Brazilian" (afro-brasileira). Ultranol 18:03, 15 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Afro-Brazilian is a common term when speaking about religion that has African origins and is practiced in Brazil. Afro-American is probaly a extension to encompass the other related religions established in the new world (Santeria, Voudou, Obleah, etc). Quimbanda is Afro-Brazilian (I don't think it is practices anywhere else). Calling it Afro-American just broadens the view, I suppose. Calling it just african would be misleading, as this would not reflect the fact that the african roots have been deeply altered.. --Qyd 19:12, 15 August 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Quimbanda


text: Template:NHL arenas

title: Template:NHL arenas


text: Talk:Phthalic acids

title: Talk:Phthalic acids


text: User:Zorigt

title: User:Zorigt


text:
Oliver Everett

Oliver William Everett, (28 February 1943 – 22 December 2023) was a British diplomat and sportsman, who served as a private secretary to Prince Charles and then Princess Diana. He was then the Royal Librarian from 1985 to 2002.

Life and career
Everett was educated at St Aubyn's School in Woodford Green Essex having been Captain of the 1st XV Felsted, the Western Reserve Academy in Hudson, Ohio and at Christ's College, Cambridge, and he had a master's degree in international relations from The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, and did post-graduate work in international relations at the London School of Economics.

Everett joined the Foreign and Commonwealth Office in 1967 and was 1st Secretary in New Delhi 1969 to 1973. Subsequent service in the Diplomatic Service included a posting as Head of Chancery in Madrid 1980 to 1981.

He was a lifelong sportsman and was especially interested and active in baseball and polo. He founded the Windsor Bears Baseball Club and was co-founder of the World Elephant Polo Association.

From 1978 to 1980 he was seconded as Assistant Private Secretary to the Prince of Wales. After leaving the Diplomatic Service in 1981 he served as Private Secretary to the Princess of Wales 1981 to 1983, and as Librarian, Royal Library, 1985–2002 (he was deputy librarian 1984–1985). He was a NADFAS lecturer, and Librarian Emeritus, Windsor Castle.

Everett died on 22 December 2023, at the age of 80.

title: Oliver Everett


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John W. Barlow

John Whitney Barlow (June 26, 1838 – February 27, 1914) was a career officer in the United States Army. During and after the American Civil War, he was noted for his engineering talents.

Biography
Barlow was born at Perry, Wyoming County, New York to Nehemiah and Orinda Barlow, who later moved their family to Wisconsin. He was appointed to the United States Military Academy and graduated in May 1861. Barlow was first commissioned into the artillery and served with the famed U.S. Horse Artillery Brigade during the Peninsula Campaign, but transferred to the Topographical Engineers in July 1862. He served with the Battalion of Engineers at Gettysburg and as engineer of an army corps in the siege of Atlanta. He supervised the defenses of Nashville and was brevetted as a lieutenant colonel for his gallant service there in December 1864.

Between Civil War campaigns, Barlow was detailed to the Military Academy as an assistant professor. He taught mathematics from September 1862 to March 1863, geography, history and ethics from March to June 1863 and mathematics again from February to June 1864.

From 1870 until 1874 he was General Sheridan's Chief Engineer in the Military Division of the Missouri. During this period he made scientific explorations of the headwaters of the Missouri and Yellowstone rivers. In 1872, his expedition party was attacked by about 1000 warriors led by Sitting Bull, but they were defeated by the 400 cavalry troopers assigned to guard the explorers. His detailed reports became guides for settlers. Barlow improved the harbors and defenses of Long Island Sound from 1875 to 1883, executed harbor improvements in northern Wisconsin and Michigan, and worked on the construction of a canal around Muscle Shoals on the Tennessee River.

He was the senior American member of the international commission that re-marked the disputed boundary with Mexico in 1892–96. He was subsequently Northwest Division Engineer for four years. On May 2, 1901, he was commissioned as a brigadier general and appointed Chief of Engineers. The next day, May 3, 1901, he retired from the Army after 40 years of service.

Personal
Barlow married Hessie McNaughten Birnie (December 15, 1843 – December 8, 1898) on December 26, 1861, in Washington, D.C. They had two daughters and a son. While he was serving as Northwest Division Engineer based in New York City, his wife died of bronchial pneumonia at their residence in The Albany, Broadway and 51st Street, Manhattan.

After retirement, he moved to New London, Connecticut where he married Alice Stanton Turner on September 17, 1902.

Barlow died on February 27, 1914, in Jerusalem, Israel, at the age of 75. His body was shipped back to the United States and was interred at Arlington National Cemetery beside his first wife.

Legacy
Battery Barlow–Saxton at Fort MacArthur was named in his honor.

Barlow Peak in Yellowstone National Park is named for John W. Barlow.

title: John W. Barlow


text: User talk:86.132.233.51

title: User talk:86.132.233.51


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User talk:Heartdreamer

Insert Title Here
Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Karmafist 00:56, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Tara Gilesbie
Welcome to Wikipedia! We could really use your help to create new content, but your recent additions do not assert the notability of their subjects and have been reverted or removed. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. --W.marsh 01:34, 11 May 2006 (UTC)

Fan fiction help
Hey. Noticed you contributed to and commented on stuff related to fan fiction. I was wondering, as a result, if you could possibly help with Fan History, a fandom wiki dedicated to preserving the history of fandom. Fan History has a problem at times with being to focused on fandom on LiveJourna. And yeah. Help would be very much appreciated. :) One of the nice/random things about this wiki is that no fandom fact is considered to obscure to be included on the wiki because all those little random facts help build a big picture. :) --PurplePopple (talk) 00:15, 27 December 2007 (UTC)

Unreferenced BLPs
Hello Heartdreamer! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot alerting you that 1 of the articles that you created  is tagged as an Unreferenced Biography of a Living Person. The biographies of living persons policy requires that all personal or potentially controversial information be sourced. In addition, to ensure verifiability, all biographies should be based on reliable sources. If you were to bring this article up to standards, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the article is adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the article:

Thanks!--DASHBot (talk) 05:03, 15 January 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) Anne Mazer -

title: User talk:Heartdreamer


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Peel River (Canada)

The Peel River (Teetł'it Gwinjik in Gwich’in) is a tributary of the Mackenzie River in Yukon and the Northwest Territories in Canada. Its source is in the Ogilvie Mountains in central Yukon at the confluence of the Ogilvie River and Blackstone River. Its main tributaries are:
 * Ogilvie River
 * Blackstone River
 * Hart River
 * Wind River (Yukon)
 * Bonnet Plume River
 * Snake River (Yukon)

The Peel River joins the Mackenzie in the Mackenzie Delta. However, a distributary of the Peel is the headwater for a channel that later collects distributaries of the Mackenzie. This means that a channel can be followed for a longer distance downriver until it, itself, disseminates into the shared delta. This arguably adds a greater length to the Peel River.

The Dempster Highway crosses it at Fort McPherson, via a ferry during the summer months and an ice bridge during the winter. The Peel River is a wilderness river and Fort McPherson is the only community along its banks. The Yukon part of the Peel Watershed is undergoing land use planning.

Steven Kokelj, a specialist in permafrost, has documented significant changes in the balance of dissolved ions in the river's water as the region's permafrost starts to melt. Ions of elements like calcium and sulphur dissolve easily when the permafrost thaws.

title: Peel River (Canada)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/DarkWolf

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Sjakkalle (Check!)  09:10, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

DarkWolf
Nn neologism. --fvw *  00:58, August 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Notability is not a deletion criteria, but this is not a verifiable or factual article. Trollderella 01:28, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete neologism. Jaxl | talk 01:49, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per nom. Alf 03:19, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as neologism. This word is not in wide use and should therefore not be listed here. - Mgm|(talk) 08:15, August 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, nneologism. the wub  "?/!"  09:18, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Is this some kind of furry crap? -HX
 * Delete neologism. Lomedae 00:25, August 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete EdwinHJ | Talk 03:09, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Piriápolis

Piriápolis is a city in the Maldonado Department of Uruguay. It is an important summer resort in the country, predating the larger and better known resort town of Punta del Este. Because it is mainly used as a resort, it has a relatively small permanent population for a city of its size.

Piriápolis is also the name of the municipality to which the city belongs. It includes the following zones: Piriápolis, Playa Grande, Playa Hermosa, Playa Verde, Punta Colorada, San Francisco, Punta Negra, Sauce de Portezuelo, Ocean Park, Barra de Portezuelo, La Capuera, Puntas de la Sierra, La Falda, Miramar, Colonia V. Suárez, Sierras del Tirol.

Geography
It is located on the coast of Río de la Plata, on Route 10 and its intersection with Route 37. It is about 100 km east of the national capital, Montevideo (via Ruta Interbalnearia and Route 37).

History
Piriápolis was founded on 5 November 1890 as El Balneario del Porvenir (the Resort of the Future). In 1890, businessman Francisco Piria had bought a very big stretch of land, including the hills Cerro Pan de Azúcar, Cerro del Inglés and Cerro del Toro, all the way south to the beach. In 1897 he finished the construction of his personal residence, Piria´s Castle, in 1905 the construction of "Hotel Piriápolis", today known as "Colonia Escolar de Vacaciones", in 1910 he constructed the coastal avenue Rambla de los Argentinos finished in 1916. From 1920 to 1930 he constructed the Argentino Hotel, one of the biggest hotels of South America of the times. When Piria died in 1933, his natural and legal children started fighting each other over the inheritance.

On 10 September 1937, the status of the populated centre was elevated to "Pueblo" (village) by the Act of Ley Nº 9.687. On 21 June 1960 its status was further elevated to "Ciudad" (city) by the Act of Ley Nº 12.736.

Population
In 2011 Piriápolis had a population of 8,830 permanent inhabitants and 8,489 dwellings. According to the Intendencia Departamental de Maldonado, the municipality of Piriápolis has a population of 14,000. Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística de Uruguay

Places of interest
The city is centered on the Rambla de los Argentinos, a waterfront promenade. With a tourism-centered economy, Piriápolis has opulent hotels, large casinos, an active nightlife scene, and public parks. The Templo de San Antonio, situated atop one of the hills surrounding the city, can be reached by chair lift and offers a panoramic view of the coast. For more adventurous travelers, Uruguay's third-highest point, the Cerro Pan de Azúcar, can be found 10 km outside of town. The peak presents a challenging climb as well as a nature reserve. Boat tours and saltwater fishing are available at the Piriápolis port.

The Castle of Piria, near Piriápolis, is open to the public. The poet Julio Herrera y Reissig resided at the Castle for a period.

Places of worship

 * Parish Church of the Immaculate Conception and St. John Vianney (Roman Catholic)

In fiction

 * The Uruguayan film Whisky is partly set in Piriápolis.
 * Juan Grompone's mystery novel Asesinato en el hotel de baños is set in Piriápolis.

title: Piriápolis


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Helter Skelter (The D.O.C. album)

Helter Skelter is the second studio album by The D.O.C.; released on January 23, 1996. This album was an attempt at making a comeback following the car crash which severely damaged his vocal cords. The album was widely ignored, and has even been discredited by D.O.C himself. The name of the album is a reference to Charles Manson's idea of The Beatles' "Helter Skelter" prophesying the end of the world.

The title and concept behind this album were originally developed by Dr. Dre as a collaborative effort between him and Ice Cube, titled Heltah Skeltah. At that time however, The D.O.C. had become disillusioned with Death Row Records and Dre, having received no payment for his work ghostwriting at Death Row. So in late 1994, D.O.C. decided to leave Death Row and headed to Atlanta, Georgia. Taking lyrics he had already written for Heltah Skeltah, he recorded Helter Skelter, keeping the name to spite Dre. His lyrics were inspired by the writings of Milton William Cooper.

It was his last album recorded for Warner Music Group, the only major music company for which he worked, this time it was recorded for Giant Records imprint of Warner Bros. Records label.

Track listing
All tracks produced by Erotic D, except where noted.

Samples

 * "Return of Da Livin' Dead" - Contains a sample of "It's Funky Enough" by The D.O.C.
 * "From Ruthless 2 Death Row (Do We All Part)" - Contains a sample of "Children's Story" by Slick Rick and a sample of For The Love Of You by The Isley Brothers
 * "Secret Plan" contains a sample of "Black Sabbath" by Black Sabbath
 * "4 My Doggz" - Contains a sample of "The Chronic (Intro)" by Dr. Dre and a sample of "It's Funky Enough" by The D.O.C.
 * "Bitchez"- Contains a sample of Body Heat by Quincy Jones
 * "Brand New Formula" - Contains a sample of Inner City Blues (Makes Me Wanna Holler) by Marvin Gaye

title: Helter Skelter (The D.O.C. album)


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User talk:Freddofrog

Please stop. If you continue to vandalize pages, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia.--nixie 00:59, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Freddofrog


text:
User:Channels

Yes.

title: User:Channels


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User talk:Isonade

Hi. If you'd like to add these mythological creature articles and they have a basis to them, may I first welcome you and refer you to the Manual of style to learn more? Also, you can click on my user name and leave word on my talk page. - Lucky 6.9 01:00, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Isonade


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User:Dragonoffish

yo im dragonoffish and im obsessed with dragons!

title: User:Dragonoffish


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User:ImageEditor

I'm an Image Editor, not an administrator. I also watch for things that don't seem quite correct.

title: User:ImageEditor


text:
Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Deletion sorting/Authors

 * 1) REDIRECTWikipedia talk:WikiProject Deletion sorting


text: Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Deletion sorting/Sportspeople


text: Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Deletion sorting/Arts


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Talk:Michael Cusack (Gaelic Athletic Association)

NPOV tag
Hi Rms125a, You are rapidly running out Assume good faith with your sectarian abuse of other editors and your constant insertion of thinly-disguised (or not disguised at all  ) POV into articles. You appear to view WP:NPOV as some sort of technicality which you can trick your way around just by including the magic word "apparently" in front of your POV -- that is not the case. Demiurge 01:03, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

Ulysses
There is no "Cusack" character in Ulysses - the character is only known as "The Citizen". The quote being used appears to be from an earlier draft of Ulysses. It is true that "Citizen Cusack" inspired the character, but using this quote as a source for claims that Cusack was motivated by "sectarian atavism" and would not have allowed Parnell to be a patron is weak, to say the least.

I don't doubt there's much to write on the topic of Cusack's character and politics, but the current attempt definitely does not fall within NPOV --Ryano 09:15, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

the cusack stand
i would just like to piont out that the cusack stand in fact was actually after my great grandfather william cusack who was all irelands national runner that no one has ever beat if time.this i no to be true as he was my mothers grandfather and my uncle has his medals i believe the late cyril cusack was my grandfathers cousin their fathers were brothers im to believe cyril father went to south afric in the police force.my grandfather and cyril would spend many hours playing together as boys in ireland but as they grew up my grandfather went into the english army cyril went into acting they fell out of what we dont know i think my grandfather thought that cyril to should of jioned the army.as they were very close i think they went their own ways.my grandfather wrote to cyril on many occasions on his achievments in the army of his visits to buckingham palace on few occassions to be awarded elite medals and various other special occassions telling him about meeting lord mount batim to recieve a medal,during the war my grandad was in what they called the forgotton army as my nan was back home in bletchly working with my great grandmother at bletchly park where my great grandfather was based captain walter bates,my grandfather would write to cyril telling him secrets that my nan had told him that she had over heared in the confrence room with all the head people discussing the war whilst she served tea to churchill and the american president,who had taken a shine to my nan.my nan would tell many stories of the cusack family in ireland about great grandad william and his brothers and wife who passed away whilst my grandad was a baby so i just thought i would like to tell you some real history on the cusack stand and whats related as i know my greatgrandad would like the truth to be told the family of cyril iv never meet i think they tried to deny any knowlege of my grandfather whos name is james why who knows that sure lies with them but the truth is im a cusack and proud of my great grandfather and what he achieved for ireland and when im able to i shall visit the stand with a secret smile as acusack knows the truth.regards nicola —Preceding unsigned comment added by Ncusack (talk • contribs) 23:35, 6 June 2006 (UTC)

Info
http://www.galwayindependent.com/news/11755.html has some interesting reading on the man himself--McNoddy 08:23, 17 May 2007 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090620220253/http://www.michaelcusacks.co.uk/ to http://www.michaelcusacks.co.uk/

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 11:44, 31 December 2017 (UTC)

Requested move 27 January 2022

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: moved. rough consensus that there isn't a primary topic at this point, though recentism concerns would certainly preclude the animator from being considered the primary topic (closed by non-admin page mover) Elli (talk | contribs) 03:07, 11 February 2022 (UTC)

– No WP:PTOPIC. This page gets about 38 views a day. Many of these views are misdirected hits for the animator. For example, a |Michael_Cusack_(cyclist)|Michael_Cusack_(rugby_union)|Michael_Cusack_(animator) sudden spike to 947 the day after one of his episodes aired on Adult Swim. I created Michael Cusack (animator) yesterday, which received over 1200 views in one day. |Michael_Cusack_(cyclist)|Michael_Cusack_(rugby_union)|Michael_Cusack_(animator) Page views for all four Michael Cusacks. Schierbecker (talk) 07:15, 27 January 2022 (UTC) — Relisting. Adumbrativus (talk) 07:15, 7 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Michael Cusack → Michael Cusack (Gaelic Athletic Association)
 * Michael Cusack (disambiguation) → Michael Cusack

 * Object Clearly the primary topic as founder of the Gaelic Athletic Association with many GAA-clubs and roads named after him. The Banner  talk 10:35, 27 January 2022 (UTC)

The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.
 * Support per nomination. Among the five men listed at the Michael Cusack (disambiguation) page, there is no indication that the renown of the 19th century Irish educator is so persistent throughout the English-speaking world that it surpasses the combined notability of the remaining four men. —Roman Spinner (talk • contribs) 22:35, 27 January 2022 (UTC)
 * Weak support. The GAA founder likely enjoys considerably greater long-term significance, and in 100 years will probably the the PTOPIC again, but for now the popularity of the animator suggests that there is no overall primary topic. — Amakuru (talk) 11:34, 4 February 2022 (UTC)
 * How well will he be known 116 years after his death? This sounds to my like recentism. The Banner  talk 13:50, 4 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Oppose, long-term notability, recentism. 162 etc. (talk) 05:22, 7 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Weak support I think the points on long term notability and recentism are a convincing argument of why another subject would certainly not be a competing primary topic here. However, our bar for a primary topic still does take into account both usage and long term significance. When the usage factor is disparate enough that another page would actually be the primary, we'd look for a super clear discrepancy beyond just two people -- something like Apple vs Apple Inc.. That being said, as this is a super new article I wouldn't be opposed to at least waiting a little bit longer so we have more information to base our decisions off.--Yaksar (let's chat) 19:07, 7 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Support per Amakuru.  Crouch, Swale  ( talk ) 09:32, 8 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Comment - Smiling Friends just picked up a second season. I wouldn't be surprised if the animator became the primary topic. Schierbecker (talk) 21:39, 9 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Indeed, recentism. The Banner  talk 22:48, 9 February 2022 (UTC)


text:
Timbuk2

Timbuk2 is a San Francisco-based bag manufacturer and marketer. The company produces a variety of pre-made and made-to-order bags. Timbuk2 is owned by private equity group TB2 Investors. In 2014, the company was ranked as the 2nd largest manufacturer in San Francisco by the San Francisco Business Times.

History
Timbuk2 was founded in 1989 by bike messenger Rob Honeycutt in a garage in San Francisco's Mission District. Honeycutt was fascinated by "just in time" manufacturing and studied the Toyota manufacturing model which led him to develop a bag pattern that was able to accommodate custom orders from independent bike dealers in San Francisco. The company was originally named Scumbags; Honeycutt changed the name to Timbuk2 Designs in 1990. The name Timbuk2 was inspired in part by the American rock band Timbuk3 and the company's swirl logo was designed by Honeycutt and is meant to mimic the rotation of a bike wheel. While its product line has since expanded beyond custom bags, Timbuk2 has continually designed all its custom products in San Francisco's Mission neighborhood since 1989. Manufacturing is no longer taking place in San Francisco. Non-custom products are manufactured in China, Vietnam, and Indonesia.

The company launched its flagship retail store in Hayes Valley, San Francisco in 2006. In 2011, Timbuk2 launched a bicycle share program in its retail stores. In 2013, the Timbuk2 opened a retail location in Seattle, Washington. That same year, the company incorporated recycled Bike to Work banners into messenger bags and donated a portion of the profits to the San Francisco Bicycle Coalition. Patti Cazzato was appointed to the role of CEO in July 2014. That same year, the company encouraged bag owners to reuse and recycle their bags through its Timbuk2 Life Cycle program.

Timbuk2 also added retail locations in Chicago, Denver, Los Angeles and Toronto in 2014. That same year, Timbuk2 collaborated with Blue Bottle Coffee Company to release a coffee travel kit. In July 2016, the company collaborated with the footwear company New Balance to release specially branded products. The company opened a flagship store in NoHo, Manhattan in October 2016. In June 2017, the company opened an additional location in Brooklyn. As of 2023, the Manhattan and Brooklyn locations are no longer open.

title: Timbuk2


text:
Talk:Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790)

Losses
The page on Gustav III lists Russian losses in the Battle of Svensksund at 7000. This page gives a much higher number. How are the numbers obtained and which one (or either one?) is correct ? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.72.204.188 (talk) 01:04, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I believe this battle was hyped up in Sweden enormously and various casualties are assigned to this battle at random. Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary says the Russians lost 55 ships and up to 600 sailors were taken prisoner. Actually, Prince von Nassau-Siegen was a fool to pursue the Swedes into their own port where his ships were easy prey for coastal batteries. He was fired as a consequence of this incompetence. -- Ghirla -трёп-  16:58, 5 May 2006 (UTC)
 * The list of ships lost by Russians is here. The same online book repeats the claims that Russian casulaties amounted to 7,000. -- Ghirla -трёп-  17:13, 5 May 2006 (UTC)

The sentence "War was far from popular, even less so in the eastern part of Sweden (modern day Finland)." is weird. It leads people to believe that "Finland" is somehow a modern name for these lands. Eastern part of Sweden was called Finland in those days in maps (Finland is a Swedish name for these lands after all). The term is similar to Palestine. Kings also added "Grand duke of Finland" to their list of titles already from 16th century. Maps: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Gerhard_Mercator-Svecia_et_Norvegia_cum_confinys_1595.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Grand_duchy_of_finland_1662.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/Charta_%C3%B6fver_Svea_och_G%C3%B6ta_Riken_med_Finland_och_Norland.jpg

I would either remove "(modern day)" from the sentence for being superfluous, or just replace with "even less so in Finland." — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2001:14BB:440:6D40:252E:295C:1F30:6A4B (talk) 12:15, 29 December 2018 (UTC) And to continue my monologue; it's also factually incorrect as modern day Finland has significantly different borders from Finland of 1790. Significant part of modern day Finland (western parts of Karelia) were controlled by Russia. therefore I will remove the "modern day" from the comment. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2001:14BB:440:6D40:252E:295C:1F30:6A4B (talk) 15:03, 29 December 2018 (UTC)

The Swedo - Russian War
The War was fought against best advice and under outright protest from Swedish Military Command on royal authority unprovoked against Russia.

It is, was, and should be called the Swedish - Russian war, since it was all in all a war declared by Sweden and fought solely on Swedish initiative. CS 21:56, 16 April 2023 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by CSjoholm (talk • contribs)

title: Talk:Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790)


text:
George Lewis Gillespie Jr.

George Lewis Gillespie Jr. (October 7, 1841 – September 27, 1913) was an American soldier who received the highest military decoration that the United States bestows to members of the military, the Medal of Honor, for his actions during the American Civil War.

Biography

George Lewis Gillespie Jr. was born October 7, 1841, in Kingston, Tennessee. He graduated second in the Class of 1862 at the United States Military Academy and was commissioned a 2nd lieutenant in the Corps of Engineers on June 17, 1862.

A Southerner who remained loyal to the Union, Gillespie joined the Army of the Potomac in September 1862. He commanded two companies of the engineer battalion which built fortifications and pontoon bridges throughout the Virginia campaigns until General Robert E. Lee's surrender at Appomattox in April 1865.

On October 27, 1897, Gillespie received the Medal of Honor for carrying dispatches through enemy lines under withering fire to Major General Philip Sheridan at the Battle of Cold Harbor, Virginia, on May 31, 1864. He was later Sheridan's Chief Engineer in the Army of the Shenandoah and the Military Division of the Gulf.

At the end of the war, Gillespie held the Regular Army rank of captain and a brevet (temporary promotion) to the rank of lieutenant colonel.

After the Civil War, Gillespie successively supervised the improvement of harbors at Cleveland, Ohio, Chicago, Boston, and New York City. He initiated construction of the canal at the Cascades of the Columbia River and built the famous Tillamook Rock Lighthouse off the Oregon coast. Gillespie also served on the Board of Engineers and for six years as president of the Mississippi River Commission.

He was promoted to major on September 5, 1871, lieutenant colonel on October 12, 1886, and colonel on October 2, 1895.

With the outbreak of the Spanish–American War, Gillespie was promoted to brigadier general of Volunteers on May 27, 1898. He commanded the Army's Department of the East until October 31, 1898, when he was discharged from the Volunteers and reverted to his Regular Army rank of colonel.

Gillespie was appointed as Chief of Engineers on May 3, 1901, and promoted to brigadier general the same day. He was acting U.S. Secretary of War in August 1901. He had charge of ceremonies at President William McKinley's funeral and at the laying of the cornerstone of the Army War College building in 1903.

About 1904 he redesigned the United States Army's version of the Medal of Honor. The new design replaced the original design dating from 1862 which was often erroneously mistaken for the membership badge of the Grand Army of the Republic—an organization for Union veterans of the American Civil War. General Gillespie's design entirely changed the planchet to feature the head of Minerva in the center of a star surrounded by a wreath. The ribbon was changed from red, white and blue stripes to a light blue ribbon with thirteen white stars.

Gillespie's final assignment was as Assistant Chief of Staff of the United States Army from 1904 to 1905 with the rank of major general.

Gillespie was a companion of the District of Columbia Commandery of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States (MOLLUS) and was assigned MOLLUS insignia number 4061. He was also a member of the Society of the Army of the Potomac.

Major General Gillespie retired from the Army on June 15, 1905, having reached the mandatory retirement age of 64. He died on September 27, 1913, in Saratoga Springs, New York. He was buried at West Point Cemetery.

Family
General Gillespie married Rhobie Frances McMaster (1844-1921). By her he had two sons - Robert McMaster Gillespie (1871-1947) and Laurence Lewis Gillespie (1876-1940).

Medal of Honor citation
Rank and organization: First Lieutenant, Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army. Place and date: Near Bethesda Church, Va., 31 May 1864. Entered service at: Chattanooga, Tenn. Birth: Kingston, Tenn. Date of issue: 27 October 1897.

Citation:

"Exposed himself to great danger by voluntarily making his way through the enemy's lines to communicate with Gen. Sheridan. While rendering this service he was captured, but escaped; again came in contact with the enemy, was again ordered to surrender, but escaped by dashing away under fire."

title: George Lewis Gillespie Jr.


text:
Talk:Landau pole

Though these concepts are new to me (I'm still working on finishing my physics BS), there are a couple of spots in this article sporting some "loose" language. For instance, the sentance "Nevertheless, the Landau pole is an awkward theoretical feature of QED, a sufficiently awkward one to make us look for a better theory." near the end of the article is ambiguous. Who is "we"? How are "we" looking for a new theory? What makes the Landau pole so awkward? QED is generally well accepted and these kinds of suggestions should be made much more clearly, and with reference to other articles/materials on the subject, I believe.

Also, I feel that allusions to superstring theory should be made very carefully in all physics articles that are not directly related to superstring theory, as it is still not considered to be a true theory by a majority of the scientific community.

-Andrew Hagler (hags2k@gmail.com)

Can anyone find the actual value of the renormalised charge eR expressed in the unitless way it appears to be in QED? I'm guessing units where h=c=1; is that enough to make charge dimensionless? Anyway it would be interested to see the actual Λ scale numerically.

 * When $$\hbar=c=1$$, the (usual) electron charge is $$e=\sqrt{\alpha}=\sqrt{1/137.\ldots}$$. I cannot find $$e_R$$, as I'm not sure I understand the formula right. 193.125.71.14 (talk) 14:09, 21 August 2009 (UTC)

This article definitely needs some attention, but I don't have time now to do it properly, so I'll make just a brief comment: You can find some of the answers to the previous question under fine-structure constant. The correct version of the previous expression, in the usual units $$\hbar = c = \epsilon_0 = 1$$ is $$e_R^2 = 4\pi\alpha_R$$, where I have included subscripts R to make it clear that both sides are renormalized. The value of $$\alpha_R$$ = 1/137... is the Thomson limit, at zero momentum transfer. In SI units, this value corresponds to $$e_R \approx 1.6\times 10^{-19} C$$. The bare parameter e appearing in the Lagrangian is infinite (not just "somewhat different" from eR). $$\Lambda$$ does not have a universal "value" because it depends on the measurement. The article should avoid questionable or unproven statements, such as the one that string theory is free of Landau poles. The article could use some expansion, and a cleaning-up to either remove or substantiate the "citation-needed" items. Dusty14 (talk) 15:35, 14 May 2010 (UTC)

Update, May 2010
I think this deserves more attention and expansion, but I made a start. The main changes were to add some in-line references, and to reverse the misleading statement suggesting that the Landau pole is a perturbative relic. It is clearly seen in lattice calculations, including three that are now cited. One of these refers to a possible resolution of the pole problem, but this appears to apply only to a particular lattice model, not real QED, so I believe it is beyond the scope of this article. (Anyone who could possibly understand this would be able to read the articles provided.) The unnecessary speculation on string theory is removed, both because it is irrelevant to the topic, and because I am not aware of any proof that string theory is free of Landau poles. (Speculations don't belong here.) I also put in a numerical value, which addresses the above question in the talk page, and tried to remove unnecessarily technical language. I added a new section "Beyond QED" which points out that the existence of a pole at the landau scale is practically irrelevant, since QED is not a complete theory on its own. This section also mentions the Higgs case, which perhaps should be expanded. The Landau pole also appears in applications of field theory outside of particle physics. A section on this should be added as well. Dusty14 (talk) 17:24, 14 May 2010 (UTC)

Question
I feel like the very first sentence in this article is wrong - "In physics, the Landau pole or the Moscow zero is the momentum (or energy) scale at which the coupling constant (interaction strength) of a quantum field theory becomes infinite." By this definition, QCD has a landau pole at $$ \Lambda_{QCD} $$ but this seems incorrect. Shouldn't it be more like 'A Landau pole is an energy scale at which the coupling constant becomes infinite in the UV' ? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 128.84.4.251 (talk) 15:16, 14 June 2012 (UTC)

Ambiguous sentence in introduction
In the third paragraph of the introduction section the second last sentence is "Numerical computations performed in this framework seems to confirm Landau's conclusion". From the preceding sentences I cannot discern what "Landau's conclusion" actually is and so this sentence conveys no information to me. (Bjfar (talk) 02:23, 24 January 2013 (UTC))

 * I was also confused by that sentence. I looked up the papers it was refering to and hopefully changed it to something that's more clear 94.226.42.172 (talk) 11:12, 28 November 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Landau pole


text:
Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Deletion sorting/Academics and educators

Daniel Hasidim page
Hello

Why did you deleted Daniel Hasidim page (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Hasidim)?

Their is no problem with copyright issue with the page of the zionist billionaire forum [8].

Both pages were writen by the same man.

I added the page as a source.

What is the problem? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Daniel12121 (talk • contribs) 20:19, 30 July 2016 (UTC)
 * The copying was the issue for the April and May deletions, but not for the latest one. In any case Hasidim should not be writing about himself here; see WP:AUTOBIO. —David Eppstein (talk) 20:40, 30 July 2016 (UTC)

Sasan Adibi
Could someone have a look at Sasan Adibi and share their opinion? The wikipedia article defines him as an "expert in health informatics". He seems to have published a decent amount, but the sum total of his citations is 940. The field is trendy, so is this a lot? His two claims to notability appear to be receiving an award for a best PhD thesis from the IEEE Society (can't seem to locate info about that on ieee.org) and the fact that he's a senior member of the IEEE (this sort of membership is described over there: this requires some achievement in the field, but is something that individuals apply for, it's not granted like an award). – Uanfala (talk) 01:18, 6 February 2018 (UTC)
 * I haven't yet looked at the article, but neither a best thesis award nor senior membership are enough to pass WP:PROF. WP:PROF specifically rules out student awards, and to pass through having a selective membership grade he would need to be fellow, not just senior member. —David Eppstein (talk) 01:53, 6 February 2018 (UTC)

Draft:Sabu Thomas
Hi, I came across this draft in the WP:AFC queue and am unsure of notability. If a member of this project could have a look and advise, that would be great. --K.e.coffman (talk) 02:09, 23 October 2018 (UTC)
 * I would say he passes WP:PROF due to high citation counts and being a Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry. Thsmi002 (talk) 02:34, 23 October 2018 (UTC)
 * Thank you; that was helpful. I accepted the draft. --K.e.coffman (talk) 00:01, 24 October 2018 (UTC)

Response to David Eppstein
Hi David, I did not make that edit, it was done automatically by Twinkle through the AfD I proposed. Best Delta fiver (talk) (UTC) 06:43, 15 February 2022 (UTC)


text:
Bad Boy (Ringo Starr album)

Bad Boy is the seventh studio album by English rock musician Ringo Starr, released in 1978 by Polydor Records. The album was released at a time of diminishing success for Starr, failing to chart in the UK and reaching only No. 129 in the US and No. 98 in Australia, with none of its singles charting in either the UK or US. Prior to its release in the US, it was cross-promoted with the TV special Ringo, which was poorly received, and a planned follow-up special never came to fruition. Bad Boy would ultimately be Starr's final album release for Polydor.

Background and recording
After Starr's previous album, Ringo the 4th (1977), was not well received critically or commercially, Starr and his musical partner, Vini Poncia, decided to move away from that album's dance-oriented sound and in a more streamlined direction. With Poncia taking over production duties, Starr mostly relied on covering other artists' songs. In November 1977, the album was recorded, for tax purposes, at Can-Base Studio in Vancouver, Toronto, and Elite Recording Studio in the Bahamas. It was completed within ten days in November 1977, with the exception of some orchestral overdubs done on 8 March 1978 under the direction of James Newton Howard.

Release and reception
The album's first single in the US, "Lipstick Traces (On a Cigarette)", was released by Portrait on 18 April 1978, backed with "Old Time Relovin'" as the B-side, preceding the album's US release date. A planned release of the single in the UK, for issue in June by Polydor, was shelved.

Bad Boy was released on 21 April 1978 in the UK, while in the US it was released on 16 June. The album only reached number 129 in the US, despite the airing of a prime time TV special entitled Ringo, on 26 April. The special was recorded in 10 days in Hollywood, starting on 11 February, and finished in 53rd place out of 65 network prime-time programs during the week it aired. Starr performed three songs from Bad Boy in the special: "Heart on My Sleeve", "Hard Times" and "A Man Like Me". It would later air in the UK, on 2 January 1983.

A second US single, "Heart on My Sleeve" backed with "Who Needs a Heart", was released on 6 July. Out of the singles released from Bad Boy in the US, neither "Lipstick Traces (On a Cigarette)" nor "Heart on My Sleeve" charted. In the UK, the lone single was "Tonight", backed with "Heart on My Sleeve", on 21 July, which also failed to chart. On the same day, production began on another special to promote the album, directed by Christian Topps, but the special was never completed. "A Man Like Me" is simply Scouse the Mouse's "A Mouse Like Me", with all appearances of the word "Mouse" in the lyrics changed to "Man".

Polydor, after three consecutive non-charters in the UK, promptly dropped Starr, while his new US label, Portrait (who had picked him up after Atlantic had dropped him), would eventually cancel his contract in 1981 during the making of his next album, Stop and Smell the Roses.

The album's inner sleeve featured photographs by Starr's then-fiancée Nancy Andrews. Bad Boy was reissued on CD in the US by Epic on 26 March 1991.

Personnel
Musicians
 * Push-a-Lone – lead guitar
 * Git-tar – rhythm guitar
 * Hamisch Bissonnette – synthesizers
 * Diesel – bass guitar
 * Ringo Starr – lead vocals, drums
 * Featuring Vini Poncia's Peaking Duck Orchestra & Chorus

Technical
 * Vini Poncia – producer
 * Bob Schaper – engineer
 * Richard Starkey – associate producer, back cover photography
 * Tom Scott – horn arrangements
 * Doug Riley – string arrangements, conductor
 * Nancy Lee Andrews – front cover photography
 * Kosh – design

title: Bad Boy (Ringo Starr album)


text:
Linda Schuyler

Linda Schuyler (née Bawcutt; born February 12, 1948) is a Canadian television producer. She is best known for being the co-creator and producer of the Degrassi franchise, which has spanned five series over four decades. She is a co-founder of Playing With Time, Inc. (with Kit Hood), and Epitome Pictures (with Stephen Stohn), the production companies involved with the franchise over its 40-year-long history respectively.

Born in London, Schuyler immigrated to Canada with her family in the 1950s. As a school teacher, she began creating short films, and formed a creative partnership with television commercial editor Kit Hood. In 1979, Schuyler purchased the rights to adapt the Kay Chorao book Ida Makes A Movie into a film, of which ultimately became the genesis of Degrassi. Schuyler also created Instant Star, another commercially successful Epitome production.

Schuyler has received multiple awards and accolades for her work. In 1994, she was made a Member of the Order of Canada, and in 2012, she was made a Member of the Order of Ontario.

Early life
Schuyler was born in London to Jack and Joyce Bawcutt, Schuyler immigrated with her family to Canada in 1957 and was raised in Paris, Ontario. Her father, a Royal Air Force pilot during World War II, had been stationed in Canada during the war and grew to like the country. She attended Paris District High School.

Schuyler won a math scholarship to the University of Waterloo in 1967, but dropped out months later. She decided to travel the world solo shortly after; while back in England, Schuyler was in a car that collided with a double-decker bus, killing the other two occupants of the car and severely injuring Schuyler, who was rendered permanently infertile. When she returned to Canada, she began attending a teacher's college in London, Ontario.

Career
After earning her Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Toronto in 1974, where she studied film courses, Schuyler became a school teacher and taught for four years at Earl Grey Senior Public School in Toronto's east end. As a teacher, Schuyler began creating short films, which eventually became the inspiration for Degrassi. Schuyler's first film was a documentary named Between Two Worlds. She first attracted media attention when the NBC in the United States aired clips of Between Two Worlds out of context to support a news story about race relations in Toronto. In 1976, Schuyler met Kit Hood, an editor of television commercials, when she needed help from an experienced editor to save the "muddled footage" of one of her projects. Hood and Schuyler found a balance; editor Hood was inexperienced in writing, and writer/producer Schuyler was inexperienced in editing, leading to their creative partnership and the formation of Playing With Time, Inc.

In 1979, Schuyler received a copy of the children's book Ida Makes A Movie, written by Kay Chorao, when she requested Earl Grey librarian Bruce Mackey to acquire several books about filmmaking. Mackey was unaware that it was children's fiction about cats, and disregarded it. However, Schuyler became interested in potentially adapting the book into a movie, and planned to fly to New York to meet Chorao. Before leaving, Schuyler sought legal advice from Stephen Stohn, a lawyer who would eventually become her producing partner and husband. Stohn advised her to forego a lawyer and instead propose the deal herself. Schuyler purchased the rights to the film for $200, and repurposed the film to be about a girl who enters a movie about the garbage in her neighborhood into a National Film Board-sponsored competition and wins, despite the film being misinterpreted as an anti-war piece. The resulting short film, Ida Makes a Movie, became the genesis for the anthology series The Kids of Degrassi Street, which became the first series in the Degrassi franchise.

In the early 1990s, Schuyler and Hood separated and Schuyler founded Epitome Pictures (a subsidiary of DHX Media) which came to produce Degrassi: The Next Generation, the franchise's most well-known series, and its direct sequel Degrassi: Next Class, which was released on Netflix. From 2004 to 2008 Schuyler executive produced the teen drama television series Instant Star about a young woman (played by Alexz Johnson) who wins a singer/songwriter contest. In 2011 and 2012 she executive produced, alongside her husband, Stephen Stohn, the television series The L.A. Complex (working title: Highland Gardens) for Bell Media in Canada and The CW in the United States, about young Canadians dreaming of fame and fortune while struggling to survive in an apartment-style hotel in Los Angeles.

In July 2021, it was announced that ECW Press purchased the rights to Degrassi Matriarch, an autobiography/memoir that is said to "chronicle Schuyler's nearly four-decade adventure producing the Degrassi television shows". The memoir, The Mother Of All Degrassi, was released on November 15, 2022.

Personal life
In 1995, she married her producing partner Stephen Stohn. He has a child, Max from a previous marriage.

Awards
In 1994, she was made a Member of the Order of Canada.

In 2010, she received the Academy Achievement Award, at a Gemini Award ceremony. In 2011, Schuyler was presented the Bonham Centre Award from The Mark S. Bonham Centre for Sexual Diversity Studies, University of Toronto, for her contributions to the advancement and education of issues around sexual identification.

In 2012, she was made a member of the Order of Ontario.

title: Linda Schuyler