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Henry Vane, 1st Earl of Darlington

Henry Vane, 1st Earl of Darlington, PC (c. 1705 – 6 March 1758), known as Lord Barnard between 1753 and 1754, was a British politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1726 to 1753 when he succeeded to a peerage as Baron Barnard.

Life
Vane was the eldest son of Gilbert Vane, 2nd Baron Barnard of Raby Castle, Staindrop, county Durham, and his wife, Mary Randyll, daughter of Morgan Randyll of Chilworth, Surrey. His sister Anne Vane was a mistress to Frederick, Prince of Wales. He was educated privately. He married Lady Grace Fitzroy, daughter of Charles FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Cleveland on 2 September 1725.

Career
Vane contested County Durham as a Whig on his family's interest at the 1722 British general election, but was unsuccessful. He was brought in by the ministry as Member of Parliament for Launceston at a by-election on 31 May 1726. At the 1727 British general election he planned to stand for county Durham, but stood down to avoid splitting the Whig vote, and the ministry found him another seat at St Mawes where he was returned as MP unopposed. He went into opposition, and attached himself to his wife's first cousin William Pulteney. He never spoke in the House, which was said to be because of 'a monstrous tongue which lolled out of his mouth'. He was returned again in a contest for St Mawes at the 1734 British general election, on the Boscawen interest, and, at the 1741 British general election, was returned unopposed as MP for Ripon on the Aislabie interest.

After Walpole's fall in 1742, Pulteney procured for Vane a lucrative sinecure as Vice-Treasurer and Paymaster General of Ireland and he also became a Privy Counsellor (Ireland) in 1742. Vane lost his Irish post when Pulteney and his adherents were turned out in December 1744. He was finally returned for county Durham at the 1747 British general election as a government supporter. He became a follower of his kinsman, the Duke of Newcastle, cultivating him so assiduously that in 1749 he was appointed a Lord of the Treasury which he retained to 1755. On 27 April 1753 he succeeded to the peerage as 3rd Baron Barnard on the death of his father and became Lord Lieutenant of Durham from 1753 to 1758. He was rewarded by Newcastle with an earldom, as 1st Earl of Darlington and 1st Viscount Barnard on 3 April 1754 and held the post of Joint Paymaster of the Forces between 1755 and 1756.

Death and legacy
Vane died on 6 March 1758. He was succeeded in his titles by his son Henry. With his wife Grace, he had seven children
 * 1) Lady Mary Vane
 * 2) Henry Vane, 2nd Earl of Darlington, (1726 – 8 Sep 1792)
 * 3) Lady Anne Vane, a botanist (25 June 1726 – 18 February 1776)
 * 4) Hon. Frederick Vane, b. 26 June 1732
 * 5) Hon. Charles Vane
 * 6) Hon. Raby Vane (2 January 1736 – 23 October 1769)
 * 7) Lady Harriet Vane (27 January 1739 – January 1759)

title: Henry Vane, 1st Earl of Darlington


text:
File:Unity Larry Young.jpg

Summary
Cover artwork for Larry Young's Unity LP.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: File:Unity Larry Young.jpg


text: User talk:80.41.186.101

title: User talk:80.41.186.101


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/John F. Long Pool (2nd nomination)

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was speedily deleted CSD A6. FCYTravis 08:16, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

John F. Long Pool
completing VfD for discussion. No vote. WCFrancis 01:35, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment John F. Long seems worthy of an article. Johntex 01:56, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Scratch that - they're not the same guy. Delete the pool article as non-notable.  Johntex 02:01, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Speedy Delete under A6 — the page consists almost entirely of highly insulting remarks about various individuals. --DavidConrad 03:08, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy Delete under A6. Capitalistroadster 05:24, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Token delete of the day. —RaD Man (talk)  08:02, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Brian Baker (tennis)

Brian Richard Baker (born April 30, 1985) is an American retired professional tennis player from Nashville, Tennessee.

Junior career
As a junior player, Baker won the 2002 Orange Bowl. In 2003, he reached the boys' singles final of the French Open after beating Marcos Baghdatis in the quarterfinals and Jo-Wilfried Tsonga in the semifinals. In the final, he lost to Stan Wawrinka. Baker reached No. 2 in singles and No. 5 in doubles in the junior world rankings.

Early career
Baker's biggest win of his fledgling career occurred in August 2005, when he scored an upset victory over ninth-seeded Gastón Gaudio in the 2005 US Open. The victory was Baker's first Grand Slam win. Baker originally played on the tour for only a short time, from 2002 through 2005, as well as participating in three autumn Challenger events in 2007. He won one Challenger event in singles (and three in doubles) during this time and reached a career-best singles ranking of world No. 172 on November 15, 2004. He was coached by Ricardo Acuña.

In 2007, he was sidelined for nearly six years after five surgeries—three on his hip, one on his elbow, and one sports hernia—and did not play on the tour again until 2011.

Return to professional tennis
While coaching tennis at Belmont University, Baker began to feel his body gradually improving and decided to try again to make it as a professional tennis player in the summer of 2011. He subsequently entered an ITF Futures tournament in Pittsburgh in July 2011 as an unranked qualifier, qualified, and won the tournament, all without dropping a set. In September, he entered the Canadian Futures 7 and reached the semifinals, again without dropping a set. He lost in a walkover to Jesse Levine. Two months later, in November 2011, Baker entered the 2011 Knoxville Challenger, and qualified for the tournament after straight-set victories over Jordan Cox, Tim Smyczek and Michael McClune. He went on to win his next four matches, before losing to Jesse Levine in the final.

2012
Baker won three Futures and Challenger tournaments early in 2012 before returning to the ATP Tour: USA F3 and F8, and Sarasota.

After winning the Savannah Challenger, beating Augustin Gensse in the final in April 2012, he was awarded a wild card for the 2012 French Open. In response to this, Baker's good friend Amer Delić noted an inconvenient truth about the situation by tweeting, "Brian Baker... Same guy that USTA refused to give a WC for qualies of the clay court Future last summer..." The statement was in reference to the USA F17 tournament that Baker went on to win.

Shortly before the French Open, he qualified for the 2012 Open de Nice Côte d'Azur in May, beating Ilija Bozoljac, David Guez, and Alejandro González in the qualification rounds, all in straight sets. Baker then faced Sergey Stakhovsky in the first round, losing the first set before recovering to win the match. A straight sets victory against Gaël Monfils meant that Baker progressed to the quarterfinals of the tournament. Hard-fought wins over Mikhail Kukushkin and Nikolay Davydenko took Baker to his first ATP final on a 15-match winning streak going into the match. He ultimately lost to Nicolás Almagro, the repeat champion, in the final. After his surprising performance, he reached his highest singles ranking at No. 141.

Just two days after the final in Nice, Baker headed to Paris for the French Open. He beat Xavier Malisse in straight sets in the first round, before losing to Gilles Simon in the second round in five sets. Despite the defeat, Baker's appearance in the tournament was described as "one of the most remarkable comebacks of modern times."

Two weeks after the French Open, Baker qualified for the 2012 Wimbledon Championships after beating Radu Albot, Denis Gremelmayr, and Maxime Teixeira in the qualification rounds. He secured a straight-set victory over Rui Machado in his first-round match before dismissing Jarkko Nieminen, also in straight sets, to progress to the third round. In his third-round match, he beat Frenchman Benoît Paire in four sets. Baker bowed out of the competition in the fourth round, losing in straight sets to Philipp Kohlschreiber. On his performance at Wimbledon, Baker stated - "It's been an unbelievable run. I don't know if I put an expectation like I need to get to this round or not. But I don't know if starting first round qualifiers I would have thought I would have got to the fourth round of Wimbledon".

After starting the North American hard-court season with a string of four first-round losses to lower-ranked players, Baker pulled off another remarkable upset, gaining revenge by beating world No. 17 (and recent Wimbledon quarterfinalist) Philipp Kohlschreiber in the first round of the Cincinnati Masters. He subsequently lost to Australian Bernard Tomic in the second round. At the 2012 US Open, he matched his best US Open and Grand Slam performance from before his injuries, reaching the second round. He defeated Jan Hájek before falling to eighth seed Janko Tipsarević.

During the indoor hard-court season, Baker qualified (as the top qualifying seed) for the ATP 500 tournament Beijing, losing in the first round to Kevin Anderson. He then qualified for the Shanghai Masters, losing to 11th seed Richard Gasquet in the opening round. After these consecutive first-round losses, Baker pulled off a remarkable comeback by winning against Radek Štěpánek in Basel, after being a set and a double-break down. Baker lost in the second round to eventual champion Juan Martín del Potro.

He ended 2012 ranked world No. 61, after reaching a career-high ranking of world No. 52 in October.

2013
In the Heineken Open in Auckland, Baker upset fifth seed (and recent Paris Masters finalist) Jerzy Janowicz in the first round. He converted 2 out of 17 break points and finally won on his eighth match point.

In the second round of the Australian Open, Baker led 20th seed Sam Querrey 7–6(2), 1–1 before a knee injury forced him to retire. This was later diagnosed as a torn meniscus, which put Baker off the tour for about four months.

Baker made his return in Aptos. losing to Guido Pella. He then lost to Grigor Dimitrov in the second round of the Cincinnati Masters. At the U.S Open. he was defeated by Lleyton Hewitt in the first round.

He ended 2013 ranked world No. 359.

2014
Baker withdrew from the 2014 Australian Open, citing a knee injury.

2015–2017
He was granted a wild card into the main draw of the 2016 Australian Open after a nearly three-year injury layoff.

In August 2016, he lost in the Round of 16 of the Tennis at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's doubles partnering with Rajeev Ram. They faced off against the Austrian team of Oliver Marach and Alexander Peya. In February 2017, he won his maiden ATP Tour title at the Memphis Open in doubles partnering Nikola Mektić. They faced off against compatriots Ryan Harrison and Steve Johnson in the final. He won his second doubles title in Budapest in April, again partnering with Mektić.

2018
Baker underwent his 14th major surgery on December 21, 2018 (back), delaying his comeback.

Personal life
Baker was as an assistant coach for the Belmont University men's tennis program for four years. He studied toward business and finance degrees at the university.

title: Brian Baker (tennis)


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Georgia State Route 9

State Route 9 (SR 9), (known locally as Highway 9) is an 86.4 mi north–south state highway in the northern part of the U.S. state of Georgia. It travels from Atlanta to Turners Corner, north-northeast of Dahlonega. It is concurrent with U.S. Route 19 (US 19) from its southern terminus, in northwest Atlanta, to Roswell Road at Interstate 285 (I-285), in Sandy Springs. It is also concurrent with US 19 from Dahlonega to its northern terminus at US 129/SR 11.

SR 9 parallels US 19/SR 400 for much its length. Because of its proximity to US 19/SR 400, it is a viable alternate to the congested "Alpharetta Autobahn". Along its length, SR 9 travels through the cities of Atlanta, Sandy Springs, Roswell, Alpharetta, Cumming, Dawsonville, and Dahlonega.

Route description

At its furthest southern point, SR 9 begins at the intersection of US 19 (14th Street N.W.) and US 41/SR 3 (Northside Drive) in Atlanta. It travels to the east to an intersection with West Peachtree Street N.W., and turns north here, shortly after crossing over I-75. SR 9 is signed as Peachtree Street N.W. from just south of I-85, and crosses under I-85 just north of the I-75/I-85 (Downtown Connector) interchange north of Downtown Atlanta. Just south of Piedmont Hospital, SR 9 changes names from Peachtree Street N.W. to Peachtree Road N.W.

From its intersection with SR 141, which begins here, SR 9 is signed as Roswell Road N.W. The highway continues to travel generally north, crossing I-285 at exit 25. From its southern terminus to this point, SR 9 also travels concurrent with US 19, but continues north on its own from this point to Dahlonega. It also largely parallels SR 400 from here, travelling through Sandy Springs and crossing the Chattahoochee River into Roswell and has reversible lanes up to its intersection with SR 120. The two highways are concurrent from here to its intersection with Old Milton Parkway. SR 9 is interchangeably signed as Atlanta Street or Alpharetta Street on this stretch, and as Alpharetta Highway from downtown Roswell and crosses SR 92 and SR 140 and passes North Fulton Regional Hospital. From downtown Alpharetta, it is interchangeably signed as Cumming Highway, Atlanta Highway, or Atlanta Road. Near exit 14 of SR 400, SR 9 starts to travel concurrent with SR 20, until they split again in downtown Cumming.

From here, SR 9 is signed as Dahlonega Highway, and travels concurrent with SR 306 to Keith Bridge Road. It continues to travel north on its own through Dawsonville, and then travels concurrent with SR 52 from their intersection to just north of Dahlonega. From here, it is again concurrent with US 19/SR 60, until SR 60 splits off in Porter Springs. SR 9 continues alongside US 19 until its terminus at the intersection with US 129/SR 11 at Turners Corner.

The following portions of SR 9 are part of the National Highway System, a system of routes determined to be the most important for the nation's economy, mobility, and defense:
 * From its southern terminus to the northern end of the SR 120 concurrency in Alpharetta
 * The entire length of the US 19 concurrency, from Dahlonega to its northern terminus

1920s and 1930s
SR 9 was established at least as early as 1919 along its current route. In 1921, it was extended to Blairsville, concurrent with SR 11. By the end of 1926, it had a "completed hard surface" from Atlanta to the northern part of Sandy Springs, a "sand clay or top soil" surface from the northern part of Sandy Springs to just southwest of Dahlonega, a "completed semi-hard surface" from just southwest of Dahlonega to that city. The extension to Blairsville was decommissioned. By the end of 1930, it had a completed hard surface from just southwest of Dahlonega to that city. By 1932, it had a completed semi-hard surface from the northern part of Sandy Springs to the Forsyth–Dawson county line, a sand clay or top soil surface from the county line to just southwest of Dahlonega, and a "completed grading, no surface course" from just northeast of Dahlonega to its northern terminus. At this time, US 19 was designated along the entire length of SR 9. The next month, the highway had a completed semi-hard surface from the Forsyth–Dawson county line to just north of it and from just northeast of Dahlonega to its northern terminus. In September of that year, it had a completed semi-hard surface from just north of the Forsyth–Dawson county line to Dawsonville and a sand clay or top soil surface from Dawsonville to just southwest of Dahlonega. The next month, it had a completed semi-hard surface from Dawsonville to about halfway between there and Dahlonega. In November, it had a completed semi-hard surface from about halfway between Dawsonville and Dahlonega to just southwest of Dahlonega. By the middle of 1933, SR 9 was under construction from the northern part of Sandy Springs to the Fulton–Forsyth county line. By the end of the year, it had a completed hard surface from the northern part of Sandy Springs to the Fulton–Forsyth county line. A few months later, it was under construction from the Fulton–Forsyth county line to Cumming and from Dawsonville to just southwest of Dahlonega. Near the end of that year, it was indicated to be "completed grading, not surfaced" from the Fulton–Forsyth county line to Cumming, a completed hard surface from Cumming to just south of the Forsyth–Dawson county line, a completed semi-hard surface from just south of the Forsyth–Dawson county line to Dawsonville, a completed hard surface from Dawsonville to just northeast of that city, and under construction from just northeast of Dawsonville to just southwest of Dahlonega. Just before 1935, the highway had a completed hard surface form Dawsonville to just northeast of Dahlonega and a completed semi-hard surface from just northeast of Dahlonega to its northern terminus. A few months later, it had a completed hard surface from just south of the Forsyth–Dawson county line to that county line. By July of that year, it was under construction from the Forsyth–Dawson county line to Dawsonville. One year later, it had a completed hard surface from the Forsyth–Dawson county line to Dawsonville. A few months later, SR 9 was under construction from just northeast of Dahlonega to a point about halfway between that city and its northern terminus. Another year later, and the highway had a completed hard surface from just northeast of Dahlonega to just northeast of the halfway point between Dahlonega and its northern terminus. By the end of the year, it was indicated to be completed, but not surfaced from just northeast of the halfway point between Dahlonega and its northern terminus to its northern terminus. Later that year, it had a completed hard surface from just northeast of the halfway point between Dahlonega and its northern terminus to its northern terminus.

1940s
By 1941, US 19 was moved off of SR 9 south of Dawsonville. US 19 traveled on a more easterly routing, northeast to SR 53, and then followed that highway northwest to Dawsonville. About six months later, US 19 was moved back onto SR 9. The former routing of US 19 was redesignated as SR 9E.

1960s
By 1967, SR 400 was proposed from central Atlanta to SR 9E's intersection with SR 53. Its path was planned to be just slightly to the east of both the route of US 19/SR 9 and SR 9E. Later that year, the I-285/SR 400 interchange was built, and SR 400 was under construction from I-285 to a point southeast of Roswell. The next year, SR 400 was under construction from southeast of Roswell to the Fulton–Forsyth county line.

1970s
By 1971, SR 400 was open from I-285 to SR 120 in Alpharetta. The next year, it was under construction from SR 120 to SR 20 near Cumming. By 1975, it was open from SR 120 to SR 20 near Cumming and under construction from SR 20 to SR 306 near Coal Mountain. About two years later, SR 400 was open from SR 20 to SR 306 near Coal Mountain. Approximately three years later, it was under construction from the SR 9E/SR 53 intersection southeast of Dawsonville to SR 60 near Dahlonega. By 1982, US 19 was moved off SR 9 between I-285 in Sandy Springs and Dahlonega. It was moved onto SR 400 from I-285 to SR 369 southeast of Coal Mountain. Also, US 19 was routed north-northeast from this point, to travel on the route of SR 9E, which had been decommissioned, to SR 60 near Dahlonega. It traveled on SR 60 to that city.

Due to the transport of moonshine from the mountains of North Georgia to Atlanta, SR 9 was called Thunder Highway or Thunder Road for its use by moonshiners heading to Atlanta.

Roswell connector route
State Route 9 Connector (SR 9 Conn.) was a connector route for SR 9 that existed in Roswell. In 1970, it was established from SR 400 northwest to US 19/SR 9. In 1977, the eastern terminus of SR 140 in Roswell was shifted slightly to the northeast to end at US 19/SR 9's intersection with SR 9 Conn. In 1981, SR 140 was extended along the entire path of SR 9 Conn., replacing it.

title: Georgia State Route 9


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Okanagan Mountain Provincial Park

Okanagan Mountain Provincial Park is a provincial park within the Okanagan-Similkameen Regional District of British Columbia, Canada, focused on the mountain of the same name and located on the east side of Okanagan Lake, opposite Peachland and immediately south of the City of Kelowna. The park is one of the largest in the area, covering 110.38 km2. Most of the park is only accessible by foot, horseback, bicycle, or boat as motor vehicle access is restricted to BC Parks staff and technicians servicing the three telecommunications towers in the park.

The park comprises several trails, campsites (including six marine camp areas), lakes, and large areas of wilderness. Popular activities include hiking, camping, boating, mountain biking, and hunting (which is permitted).

Between 1975 and 1993, around 84.5 ha of land now incorporated into Okanagan Mountain Provincial Park was donated by Dr. David Carruthers Murdoch through the Nature Trust of British Columbia.

Wildlife
The rugged rocky terrain is habitat for mountain goats, white-tailed deer, moose, elk, lynx, and marten. Coyote are also found in the park. Small but very important species are the blue listed western harvest mouse, Nuttall's cottontail (the furthest northerly occurrence) and spotted bat.

The northern alligator lizard and western skink can be found under rocks or bark in open wooded areas while the yellow-bellied racer prefers grasslands and open fields. Other reptile species found in the park include western painted turtle, rubber boa, gopher snake, western blue racer and western rattlesnake.

The park protects habitat for bird species including the western grebe and white-headed woodpecker.

Wildfire

In 2003, a wildfire started in the park near Rattlesnake Island and spread quickly, eventually burning most of the park. The burned trees and other fire-related hazards posed an extreme danger and the park was closed. In 2005, the park was reopened after much cleanup work, though many burned trees still are a significant danger.

title: Okanagan Mountain Provincial Park


text: User talk:202.93.165.129

title: User talk:202.93.165.129


text:
Charles Edward Broadhurst

Charles Edward Broadhurst (1826 – 26 April 1905) was a pioneer pastoralist and pearler in colonial Western Australia. He was a member of the Western Australian Legislative Council in 1874 and 1875. In 2009, he was recognised as one of Western Australia's 100 most influential citizens.

Early life in Britain and Victoria
Born in Manchester, England in 1826, Broadhurst was born into the Tootal, Broadhurst and Lee textile empire, but in being a younger son, emigrated to Victoria in 1843 where he joined his elder brother Robert Henson Broadhurst on his sheep station. Until 1860, he was a pastoralist at Swinton in partnership with his brother. On 22 June 1860, Broadhurst married Eliza Howes, a talented teacher, singer and musician with whom he would have seven children. He then commenced operating on his own at Wallan exporting horses to India.

Denison Plains Company
In 1864, Broadhurst became involved in the Denison Plains Company's plans to transport and establish Victorian settlers to the fabled Denison Plains, near present-day Halls Creek via the new settlement at Camden Harbour, Western Australia. Appointed manager, he sailed with settlers and stock on the Warrior in May 1865. On hearing in Fremantle of the failure at Camden Harbour, they decided to sail for the settlement at Roebuck Bay instead, but after failing to enter the bay due to adverse winds, the settlers were disembarked at Tien Tsin, later to be called Cossack the chief port and landing at Nickol Bay. The company suffered heavy financial losses when news of the difficulties being experienced in the north-west eventually filtered back to Melbourne and was eventually bankrupted. The settlers who had landed with him blamed Broadhurst for the failure, and criticised him for refusing to share out the stock until the company's affairs were settled. This was to be the first of many controversies that dogged his life and career from that time on.

His role in the development of Roebourne
In June 1866, Broadhurst was a member of an exploring party under Trevarton Sholl, son of the Government Resident Robert Sholl, which searched for good pasture and a good harbour in Exmouth Gulf. The expedition was absent for 49 days, and covered 1,000 miles of terrain, but found nothing of value. Partly as a result it was decided to establish a townsite at Roebourne and make this the administrative base for what was then called the 'North District'. This occurred in August 1866. Later Broadhurst was Acting Government Resident when Sholl took leave of absence.

Eliza Broadhurst
Eliza Broadhurst and the children, (the two boys Charles Jr., Florance and a newly-born daughter Sarah)  left the north soon after the disappearance of the schooner Emma, a  tragedy which claimed the lives of  Trevarton Sholl, W.F. Tays, the then leading pearler in the district and a third of the entire European population of the North District in 1867. In her husband's absence, she established a day and boarding school in Perth and taught English, maths, music and languages in order to make ends meet. Her home also became a focal point for young society women, though she was never able to take her rightful place in society due to the scandals surrounding her husband.

Career and roles
Charles Broadhurst remained in the north west of Western Australia for many years  maintaining pastoral runs on what was to become the Karratha Station  on the Maitland River on the Ashburton River. From 1866, he was also involved in the pearling industry at Nickol Bay where 'naked diving' (that is, without any aids including goggles) became the norm. In 1868, in partnership with Dempster, Barker and Gull, he introduced the 'hard hat' to the pearling industry a full twenty years ahead of its time, only to fail. When the demands on the native divers became untenable, he was also one of the first settlers to import what were then generally, but incorrectly, called Malay pearl divers. In 1871, Broadhurst travelled to England, where he bought the SS Xantho for use as a transport for shell and labourers and as a mother boat  in the pearl industry. It was also to be the first steamship to trade on the coast of Western Australia, carrying over 140 Malays to the coast and taking goods, passengers and shell to the Straits Settlements. The loss of the Xantho after only a few voyages caused Broadhurst substantial financial difficulties. Unable to continue as a pearler in the north west, he  took his men to Shark Bay, there joining Francis Cadell as the two leaders in the industry. Initially very successful, being lauded as a "man in 10,000" due to his great successes, on 6 July 1874, Broadhurst was nominated to the Western Australian Legislative Council. He then moved to Perth leaving his nephew Daniel Broadhurst in charge. A severe downturn in the industry saw reports that the Malays employed by Broadhurst and Cadell were unpaid, unable to return home and some had starved to death. In 1875 magistrate Robert Fairbairn was sent to investigate pearling conditions at Shark Bay. Fairbairn held that Broadhurst had not paid 18 Malays a total of £183. 4s. 2d. recovering £11. 12s. 5d. from the sale of Broadhurst's property at Shark Bay. Cadell was also found to have underpaid 10 Malays £198. 14s. 4d. from which they recovered just £16. 16s. Broadhurst resigned from the Legislative Council on 24 November 1875. He then sought a writ of certiorari and the judgement was set aside by the Supreme Court in January 1876 on the technicality that the notice had been given to his nephew Daniel and not to Broadhurst personally. Broadhurst experimented with the sale of Shark Bay shell in London 1878, but failed. He pioneered fish-canning at Mandurah with considerable success, but soon sold the enterprise. By 1884, he had established the guano industry at the Houtman Abrolhos; though he worked energetically in the industry until 1890 he did not prove a success. In that year, he retired in favour of his son, Florance Broadhurst, who with his mercantile education proved enormously successful. In excavating the Gun Island guano deposits, F.C. Broadhurst's men unearthed relics from the Dutch East India Company ship  Zeewijk. He catalogued these finds and presented them to the State of Western Australia. Initially thinking the relics were from the Batavia, Broadhurst arranged for the purchase and translation of an original account of its loss. This led to its eventual discovery after Henrietta Drake-Brockman, a playmate of his children, became interested in the story and as an adult conducted her own research into the tragedy.

Retirement in England
After Florance Broadhurst took over the guano industry, Charles and Eliza Broadhurst returned to England and they purchased a home in Bournemouth they called Karrakatta. One daughter, Katherine Elime Broadhurst, followed her mother's interests (as evidenced by entries in Eliza's scrapbook since donated to the Western Australian Museum) in the 19th century feminist movement. She subsequently became a suffragist. On her return to Western Australia 'Kitty' Broadhurst was one of the 12 women who formed the St George Reading Circle, which became the Karrakatta Club. It became a leading force in making Western Australian the second state in Australia to grant women the vote. Predeceased by Eliza, Charles Broadhurst died on 26 April 1905 at Bournemouth.

title: Charles Edward Broadhurst


text:
Unity (Larry Young album)

Unity is an album by jazz organist Larry Young, released on the Blue Note label in August, 1966. The album features trumpeter Woody Shaw, tenor saxophonist Joe Henderson and drummer Elvin Jones. While not free jazz, the album features experimentation that was innovative for the time. Young chose the title because, "although everybody on the date was very much an individualist, they were all in the same frame of mood. It was evident from the start that everything was fitting together." The album was Young's second for Blue Note, and is widely considered a "post-bop" classic.

Music
Three of the six tracks were composed by Woody Shaw. The first, "Zoltan", starts with part of a march from the Háry János suite of Zoltán Kodály and continues in the Lydian mode. The fourth, "The Moontrane", is dedicated to John Coltrane, "as can be heard in the harmonic cycles in it", explained Shaw. The last, "Beyond All Limits", has a difficult harmonic progression, but, in Shaw's words, "once the inherent difficulties of the tune are solved, there are no limits as to where you can go with it". "If" is a 12-bar Joe Henderson composition; "Monk's Dream" (played mainly by Young and drummer Elvin Jones) is by Thelonious Monk; and "Softly, as in a Morning Sunrise" is a Hammerstein and Romberg composition.

Elvin Jones played "a standard 4-piece drum kit with two cymbals and hi-hat".

Reception
Scott Yanow states that Unity "is considered Larry Young's finest recording". Billboard Magazine called the album "a sureshot for jazz fans". The Penguin Guide to Jazz included the album in its suggested “core collection”, and awarded it a rare crown and four-star rating, describing it as "Quite simply a masterpiece." Also, saxophonist Michael Brecker referred to the album as a favourite of his.

The album's cover art, by Reid Miles, has also become well known. In 2008, graphic designer Mike Dempsey picked it as one of his favorite album covers, stating that it shows "Ultimate simplicity [...] Put in an album rack today it would still raise an eyebrow as it looks remarkably fresh".

Musicians

 * Larry Young – Hammond B-3 organ
 * Woody Shaw – trumpet
 * Joe Henderson – tenor saxophone
 * Elvin Jones – drums

Production

 * Alfred Lion – production
 * Rudy Van Gelder – recording engineering; CD remastering (1998)
 * Michael Cuscuna – reissue production
 * Reid Miles – cover design
 * Francis Wolff – photography
 * Nat Hentoff – liner notes
 * Bob Blumenthal – CD reissue liner notes (1999)

title: Unity (Larry Young album)


text:
Georges Claude

Georges Claude (24 September 1870 – 23 May 1960) was a French engineer and inventor. He is noted for his early work on the industrial liquefaction of air, for the invention and commercialization of neon lighting, and for a large experiment on generating energy by pumping cold seawater up from the depths. He has been considered by some to be "the Edison of France". Claude was an active collaborator with the German occupiers of France during the Second World War, for which he was imprisoned in 1945 and stripped of his honors.

Early life and career
Georges Claude was born on 24 September 1870 in Paris, France, during the city's siege by German forces.

Georges Claude studied at the École supérieure de physique et de chimie industrielles de la ville de Paris (ESPCI). He then held several positions. He was an electrical inspector in a cable factory and the laboratory manager in an electric works. He founded and edited a magazine, L'Étincelle Électrique (The Electric Spark); his important friendship with Jacques-Arsène d'Arsonval apparently dates from this time. About 1896, Claude learned of the explosion risk for bottled acetylene, which was used at the time for lighting. Acetylene is explosive when stored under pressure. Claude showed that acetylene dissolved well in acetone, equivalent to storing it under 25 atmospheres of pressure, reduced the risk in handling the gas.

Liquefaction of air
In 1902 Claude devised what is now known as the Claude system for liquifying air. The system enabled the production of industrial quantities of liquid nitrogen, oxygen, and argon; Claude's approach competed successfully with the earlier system of Carl von Linde (1895). Claude and businessman Paul Delorme founded Air Liquide (L'Air Liquide), which is presently a large multinational corporation headquartered in Paris, France.

Neon lighting
Inspired by Geissler tubes and by Daniel McFarlan Moore's invention of a nitrogen-based light (the "Moore tube"), Claude developed neon tube lighting to exploit the neon that was produced as a byproduct of his air liquefaction business. These were all "glow discharge" tubes that generate light when an electric current is passed through the rarefied gas within the tube. Claude's first public demonstration of a large neon light was at the Paris Motor Show (Salon de l'Automobile et du Cycle), 3–18 December 1910. Claude's first patent filing for his technologies in France was on 7 March 1910. Claude himself wrote in 1913 that, in addition to a source of neon gas, there were two principal inventions that made neon lighting practicable. First were his methods for purifying the neon (or other inert gases such as argon). Claude developed techniques for purifying the inert gases within a completely sealed glass tube, which distinguished neon tube lighting from the Moore tubes; the latter had a device for replenishing the nitrogen or carbon dioxide gases within the tube. The second invention was ultimately crucial for the development of the Claude lighting business; it was a design for minimizing the degradation (by "sputtering") of the electrodes that transfer electric current from the external power supply to the glowing gases within the sign.

The terms "neon light" and "neon sign" are now often applied to electrical lighting incorporating sealed glass tubes filled with argon, mercury vapor, or other gases, in addition to neon. In 1915 a U.S. patent was issued to Claude covering the design of the electrodes for neon lights; this patent became the strongest basis for the monopoly held in the U.S. by his company, Claude Neon Lights, through the early 1930s.

Georges Claude and the French company he founded have long been said to have introduced neon signs to the United States by selling two to Earle C. Anthony, the owner of Packard car dealerships in San Francisco and Los Angeles (in 1923) but no conclusive evidence of this has ever been uncovered. Instead, photographs from 1923 to 1925 reveal a neon sign in Los Angeles, but not until 1925. A photograph of Anthony's San Francisco dealership may show a neon Packard sign in 1924 but is not conclusive. However, by 1924 Claude's company (Claude Neon) had opened subsidiaries or licensed patents to affiliated companies across the US (like Electrical Products, Company on the US West Coast) and, though neon signage caught on only slowly, by the 1930s it was common across the US, eventually becoming, for a few decades, the country's dominant form of lit signage.

Ocean thermal energy conversion
Claude's mentor and friend was Jacques-Arsène d'Arsonval, the inventor of the "Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion" (OTEC) concept. Claude was also the first person to build prototype plants of that technology. Claude built his plant in Cuba in 1930. The system produced 22 kilowatts of electricity with a low-pressure turbine.

In 1935, Claude constructed another plant, this time aboard a 10,000-ton cargo vessel moored off the coast of Brazil. Weather and waves destroyed both plants before they could become net power generators. (Net power is the amount of power generated after subtracting power needed to run the system.)

Wartime collaboration and post-war imprisonment
Even as a young engineer, Claude was unsympathetic to democratic rule. In 1933 he joined the Action Française, which favored restoration of a monarchy in France. He was a close friend of the monarchist leader Charles Maurras. Following the 1940 defeat of France by Germany at the beginning of the Second World War, the subsequent German occupation of northern France and establishment of the Vichy regime in the south, Claude publicly supported French collaboration with Germany. Among his other activities, he published several tracts supporting collaboration. He was a member of a Distinguished Committee of the Groupe Collaboration, which had been founded in September 1940. He was nominated by the Vichy regime as a member of the Conseil National Consultatif in 1941.

Following the Allied liberation of France in 1944, Claude was taken into custody on 2 December 1944 because of his collaboration with the Axis powers. He was removed from the French Academy of Sciences. In 1945 he was tried and convicted of propaganda work favoring collaboration, but was cleared of another charge that he helped design the V-1 flying bomb. He was condemned to life imprisonment, and was imprisoned. In 1950 he was released from prison, with acknowledgment of his research on ocean thermal energy conversion.

Selected bibliography
Claude wrote several semi-popular descriptions of his research, in addition to his wartime tracts and a memoir.
 * Claude's first book, Electricity Made Accessible to Everyone, was a very popular exposition. It won the Prix Hébert de l’Académie des Sciences, and was translated into German. Christine Blondel writes of it, "In fact the success of the book was enormous. More than 60,000 copies were sold, nearly double the number of Jean Perrin's famous book, Les atomes."
 * Liquid Air: Its production, its properties, and its applications, published shortly after the founding of Air Liquide.
 * Translated by Henry E. P. Cottrell from
 * . Bulletin, No. 486. On the Utilization of the Thermal Energy of the Seas.
 * My Battle Against the High Cost of Living. La vie chère literally refers to "dear life" (expensive living). It was an obsession of interwar France (1919–1939).
 * My Life and My Inventions, Claude's autobiography, published a few years before his death in 1960.

title: Georges Claude


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File:Girl kitty.JPG

Some feral cats can be resocialized, although it is more difficult to do if they're not kittens. In this photo a feral cat sits with her owner. Some ferals like this one are missing a piece of their ear which helps TNR volunteers identify whether or not they've been fixed.

title: File:Girl kitty.JPG


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Flicker-free

Flicker-free is a term given to video displays, primarily cathode ray tubes, operating at a high refresh rate to reduce or eliminate the perception of screen flicker. For televisions, this involves operating at a 100 Hz or 120 Hz hertz field rate to eliminate flicker, compared to standard televisions that operate at 50 Hz (PAL, SÉCAM systems) or 60 Hz (NTSC), most simply done by displaying each field twice, rather than once. For computer displays, this is usually a refresh rate of 70–90 Hz, sometimes 100 Hz or higher. This should not be confused with motion interpolation, though they may be combined – see implementation, below.

Televisions operating at these frequencies are often labelled as being 100 or 120 Hz without using the words flicker-free in the description.

Prevalence
The term is primarily used for CRTs, especially televisions in 50 Hz countries (PAL or SECAM) and computer monitors from the 1990s and early 2000s – the 50 Hz rate of PAL/SECAM video (compared with 60 Hz NTSC video) and the relatively large computer monitors close to the viewer's peripheral vision make flicker most noticeable on these devices.

Contrary to popular belief, modern LCD monitors are not flicker free, since most of them use pulse-width modulation (PWM) for brightness control. As the brightness setting is lowered, the flicker becomes more noticeable, since the period when the backlight is active in each PWM duty cycle shortens. The problem is much more pronounced on modern LED backlit monitors, because LED backlights reacts faster to changes in current.

Implementation
The goal is to display images sufficiently frequently to exceed the human flicker fusion threshold, and hence create the impression of a constant (non-flickering) source.

In computer displays this consists of changing the frame rate of the produced signal in the video card (and in sync with this, the displayed image on the display). This is limited by the clock speed of the video adapter and frame rate required of the program – for a given pixel clock speed, higher refresh rates require lower resolution or color depth, and higher frame rates require that the program producing the video recalculate the screen more frequently. For these reasons, refresh rates above 90–100 Hz to reduce flicker are uncommon on computers – these rates are sufficient to eliminate flicker.

On television, this is more involved, as the source material has a fixed frame rate (and is also traditionally interlaced video, in which one-half of the scan lines of each frame are broadcast at a time). Most simply, the frame rate can be doubled by simply displaying the same broadcast image twice in rapid succession, as is done with movie projectors (which display each frame of 24 fps film two or more times) – either displaying each field twice or alternating fields.

Alternatively, this can involve motion interpolation, where rather than displaying the original fields twice, creates interpolated images between the original frames. This may be combined with deinterlacing, converting the image to progressive scan (attempting to create a full picture from the two half images).

Higher refresh rates, while they reduce flicker, may cause other problems. Simply redisplaying the fields may cause judder if not a full number multiplication of the frame rate (e.g. 24 fps × 2 = 48), particularly on fast moving images, as the image is displayed repeatedly in the same location, rather than moving smoothly. Conversely, interpolation (which avoids judder and may create more fluid motion than in the original video) can instead cause blurring, particularly visible on fast scrolling text. See Three-two pull down and motion interpolation for further discussion.

title: Flicker-free


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Talk:WEBN

Editor bias
The following is an editorial opinion of the current stations management by the contributor and does not have any bearing on the chronological time as being the longest running aor program format in radio EXCERPT "The station plays a rock format, and pioneered the concept of "album-oriented rock" or AOR. WEBN would be, were it not for a pronounced decline since being acquired by a firm in San Antonio, the longest running album oriented rock formatted station in the United States, first airing this format in 1967." Jimtampafla (talk) 23:39, 16 January 2009 (UTC) jimtampafla

Untitled
I'm putting the Radio Stations Project template on this now, but I'm a bit premature in doing so. This article needs some attention, as far as length and NPOV go. Hopefully, I'll be able to clear that up in just a few minutes. -- SwissCelt 01:42, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

Editor bias
Under "Launch of WEBN", the last paragraph reads "Her (Robin Wood's) sultry voice delivering irreverent thinking persons humor is sorely missed relative to the standard morning adolescent 'booger humor' that is a fixture in many stations today."

This clearly carries a bias slant to the editor's taste in humor. I remember Robin Wood, but whether she is missed or not is also a matter of opinion...and that the current audience even remembers who she is. Yobbo14 15:10, 15 September 2007 (UTC)

Robin Wood
I attended University of Cincinnati from 1978 to 1984, and WEBN was my fraternity's radio station of choice. After college, I moved far enough away to not be able to pick up WEBN. After all of these years, I still remember Robin Wood. I think the removal of the sentence regarding Robin's sultry voice due to "Editor's bias" should be reconsidered, possible rewritten to reflect that it is the opinion of some. It certainly is also my opinion.Mainone (talk) 23:30, 9 March 2008 (UTC)

Station Slogan
The station slogan "Shut up and Rock" was retired a number of years ago. The current and long running slogan is still "The Lunatic Fringe of American FM". The Wikipedia page already lists this in the Early Advertising paragraph. That is accurate, the other slogan is not. Just to be transparent about any conflict of interest, I am the Program Director of WEBN-FM. Usernamechris (talk) 18:05, 30 July 2013 (UTC)

 * Thank you for sharing this. Is there anything on either the station's official website or its social network sites that can verify WEBN's current slogan?   Levdr1 lp  /  talk  02:41, 31 July 2013 (UTC)

 * I've found a CincinnatiMagazine.com story which verifies the current slogan. I'll add it now.  Thanks for the heads up.   Levdr1 lp  /  talk  02:44, 31 July 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on WEBN. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20121007103919/http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/search/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1000632220 to http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/search/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1000632220

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 00:53, 14 February 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:WEBN


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Current–voltage characteristic

A current–voltage characteristic or I–V curve (current–voltage curve) is a relationship, typically represented as a chart or graph, between the electric current through a circuit, device, or material,  and the corresponding voltage, or potential difference, across it.

In electronics

In electronics, the relationship between the direct current (DC)  through an electronic device and the DC voltage across its terminals is called a current–voltage characteristic of the device. Electronic engineers use these charts to determine basic parameters of a device and to model its behavior in an electrical circuit. These characteristics are also known as I–V curves, referring to the standard symbols for current and voltage.

In electronic components with more than two terminals, such as vacuum tubes and transistors, the current–voltage relationship at one pair of terminals may depend on the current or voltage on a third terminal. This is usually displayed on a more complex current–voltage graph with multiple curves, each one representing the current–voltage relationship at a different value of current or voltage on the third terminal.

For example the diagram at right shows a family of I–V curves for a MOSFET as a function of drain voltage with overvoltage (VGS − Vth) as a parameter.

The simplest I–V curve is that of a resistor, which according to Ohm's law exhibits a linear relationship between the applied voltage and the resulting electric current; the current is proportional to the voltage, so the I–V curve is a straight line through the origin with positive slope. The reciprocal of the slope is equal to the resistance.

The I–V curve of an electrical component can be measured with an instrument called a curve tracer. The transconductance and Early voltage of a transistor are examples of parameters traditionally measured from the device's I–V curve.

Types of I–V curves
The shape of an electrical component's characteristic curve reveals much about its operating properties. I–V curves of different devices can be grouped into categories:
 * Active vs passive: Devices which have I–V curves which are limited to the first and third quadrants of the I–V plane, passing through the origin, are passive components (loads), that consume electric power from the circuit. Examples are resistors and electric motors. Conventional current always flows through these devices in the direction of the electric field, from the positive voltage terminal to the negative, so the charges lose potential energy in the device, which is converted to heat or some other form of energy.

 * In contrast, devices with I–V curves which pass through the second or fourth quadrants are active components, power sources, which can produce electric power. Examples are batteries and generators.  When it is operating in the second or fourth quadrant, current is forced to flow through the device from the negative to the positive voltage terminal, against the opposing force of the electric field, so the electric charges are gaining potential energy.  Thus the device is converting some other form of energy into electric energy.

 * Linear vs nonlinear: A straight line through the origin represents a linear circuit element, while a curved line represents a nonlinear element. For example, resistors, capacitors, and inductors are linear, while diodes and transistors are nonlinear.  An I–V curve which is a straight line through the origin with positive slope represents a linear or ohmic resistor, the most common type of resistance encountered in circuits. It obeys Ohm's law; the current is proportional to the applied voltage over a wide range.  Its resistance, equal to the reciprocal of the slope of the line, is constant.  A curved I–V line represents a nonlinear resistance, such as a diode.  In this type the resistance varies with the applied voltage or current.
 * Negative resistance vs positive resistance: If the I–V curve has a positive slope (increasing to the right) throughout, it represents a positive resistance. An I–V curve that is nonmonotonic (having peaks and valleys) represents a device which has negative resistance.  Regions of the curve which have a negative slope (declining to the right) represent operating regions where the device has negative differential resistance, while regions of positive slope represent positive differential resistance.  Negative resistance devices can be used to make amplifiers and oscillators. Tunnel diodes and Gunn diodes are examples of components that have negative resistance.
 * Hysteresis vs single-valued: Devices which have hysteresis; that is, in which the current–voltage relation depends not only on the present applied input but also on the past history of inputs, have I–V curves consisting of families of closed loops. Each branch of the loop is marked with a direction represented by an arrow.  Examples of devices with hysteresis include iron-core inductors and transformers, thyristors such as SCRs and DIACs, and gas-discharge tubes such as neon lights.

In electrophysiology

While I–V curves are applicable to any electrical system, they find wide use in the field of biological electricity, particularly in the sub-field of electrophysiology. In this case, the voltage refers to the voltage across a biological membrane, a membrane potential, and the current is the flow of charged ions through channels in this membrane. The current is determined by the conductances of these channels.

In the case of ionic current across biological membranes, currents are measured from inside to outside. That is, positive currents, known as "outward current", corresponding to positively charged ions crossing a cell membrane from the inside to the outside, or a negatively charged ion crossing from the outside to the inside. Similarly, currents with a negative value are referred to as "inward current", corresponding to positively charged ions crossing a cell membrane from the outside to the inside, or a negatively charged ion crossing from inside to outside.

The figure to the right shows an I–V curve that is more relevant to the currents in excitable biological membranes (such as a neuronal axon). The blue line shows the I–V relationship for the potassium ion. It is linear, indicating no voltage-dependent gating of the potassium ion channel. The yellow line shows the I–V relationship for the sodium ion. It is not linear, indicating that the sodium ion channel is voltage-dependent. The green line indicates the I–V relationship derived from summing the sodium and potassium currents. This approximates the actual membrane potential and current relationship of a cell containing both types of channel.

title: Current–voltage characteristic


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Raurin

Raurin
Completing VfD links. WCFrancis 01:43, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Raurin


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William J. Luti

William J. Luti served as Special Assistant to the President and Senior Director for Defense Policy and Strategy for the National Security Council in the administration of President George W. Bush.

Previously, Luti served as the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs. Prior to joining the Defense Department, Dr. Luti served as a Special Advisor for National Security Affairs to Vice President Cheney. He is a retired Captain in the U.S. Navy, having previously served for 26 years as a naval officer and naval aviator in a wide variety of operational and policy positions, including command of an aviation squadron, an amphibious assault ship, and an amphibious readiness group.

Luti received his bachelor's degree from The Citadel, a master's degree from the U.S. Naval War College, and a masters in law and diplomacy and a PhD in international relations from Tufts University's Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy.

William J. Luti participated in all four conferences of the Bilderberg Group between 2004 and 2007.

He is Vice President for Strategic Implementation of the Hudson Institute, one of the leading conservative think tanks in the USA.

title: William J. Luti


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New Canaan Branch

The New Canaan Branch is an 8.2-mile (13 km) long branch line of the Metro-North Railroad New Haven Line that begins from a junction east of downtown Stamford, Connecticut, north to New Canaan. It opened in 1868 as the New Canaan Railroad.

History
The New Canaan Railroad was chartered in May 1866 as a short branch of the New York & New Haven Railroad. It opened July 4, 1868 when a train ran from Stamford to New Canaan. Within a year of the opening of operations a branch from the NY&NH main line south in Stamford to the pier at the Pine Island Steamboat Landing was opened to allow passengers and freight to switch to steamboats running on Long Island Sound. Despite such attempts to increase revenue on January 1, 1879, the company went bankrupt, and it was taken over in foreclosure in 1883 by the Stamford and New Canaan Railroad, which incorporated in 1882. The New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad leased the line on October 1, 1884, and on October 1, 1890, it was merged into the NYNH&H.

On August 7, 1898, the line was electrified using 500V DC overhead catenary. On November 1, 1907, the use of 500-volt DC overhead catenary was discontinued, and in 1908, it was replaced with 11,000 volt AC operation. Costs were reduced by supplying the line from the Cos Cob station instead of by independent power.

The NYNH&H was merged into Penn Central in 1969. On January 1, 1971, the State of Connecticut leased operation of passenger service along the New Canaan Branch to Penn Central for $100,000 per year. On July 17, 1972, the stations at Woodway and Springdale Cemetery were both closed. On April 10, 1972, Penn Central briefly suspended off-peak service on the branch to install high-level platforms at stations. In 1983, the Metro-North Commuter Railroad took over the operation of trains on the branch.

Current operation
Like the New Haven mainline from Mt. Vernon, New York, to New Haven, Connecticut, the entire branch is electrified with overhead catenary, although it is currently the only entirely electrified branch of the New Haven Line. Beginning in March 2011, the newly delivered Kawasaki M8 railcars started running in revenue service along the branch, and eventually took over operation from the older Budd M2 railcars. In contrast with the main New Haven Line, the branch is entirely single-tracked except for the storage tracks at New Canaan, and there are frequent grade crossings along the branch.

Improvements
As of July 2007, a Stamford East Side station is under consideration for the line or just past it on the New Haven Line.

In 2011, the three tracks at the terminus – the 10-car main track, a middle track, and what was a short 4-car "Bulk" track – were improved. The "Bulk" track was extended absorbing a row of parking to meet the length of the middle and main track allowing for 3 full trains to 'stack' at the end of the line during the morning and evening rush hours. Electronic switching was added in the years following this improvement. This was recommended in the 2010 Branch Study.

PTC (Positive Train Control) was installed on the branch in 2019.

In 2019, the Stamford Atlantic Bridge replacement project incorporated a new "Track 7" for the New Canaan Branch operation. A new Platform, canopy, and catenary lines were installed to support this new capacity at the Stamford Station. The platform construction was halted during 2022 and remains unfinished as of 2023.

Improvements are planned on the line to make service more frequent. A siding and second platform will be built at Springdale. Construction was expected to cost $15 million and begin in 2020.

On May 30, 2023, and continuing through August 2023, the New Canaan Branch was shut down for track rehabilitation work, with all service being replaced by shuttle buses. The work entails replacing 8,000 rail ties, 1600 ft of rails, and insulating rail joints. Repairs will also be made to mud spots, drainage and rail anchors, along with replacing bridge timbers on the Noroton River Bridge and resurfacing the entire line. Upon completion, a stretch of the branch within the Stamford region will have its speed limit increased, from 30 mph to 50 mph.

Incidents
On August 20, 1969 at about 8:20 p.m., a northbound commuter train with a 3-man crew and about 60 to 80 passengers hit an empty southbound train carrying only 5 employees, killing 4 and injuring 40 just north of the Hoyt Street crossing in Darien. The lead cars of each train were almost completely destroyed. The National Transportation Safety Board report concluded that the cause was the northbound train's failure to stop at a meeting point as stated on train orders.

On July 13, 1976, two trains collided, killing two and injuring 29. In October 1976, the CDOT released their report which only blamed the engineer of the northbound train (Number 1994) for excessive speed. The engineer's union contended that there was a problem with the train brakes, that there was an automatic track lubricator which had been putting down excessive oil for two weeks before the incident and an insufficient signal system. The National Transportation Safety Board released their final report on the incident on May 19, 1977 as Report Number RAR-77-04. That report concluded that the cause was "the failure of the engineer of train No. 1994 to perceive the train ahead and to apply the brakes at the earliest possible time". It also cited problems with the design of the signal system, design of the M2's exit doors and interior design of the trains.

The New Canaan Branch was severely impacted by Hurricane Sandy on October 29–30, 2012. The line was blocked by fallen trees in 37 different locations; many of these trees also brought down the overhead catenary wires. Shuttle buses replaced all trains. The railroad announced that regular service resumed on November 13. This resumption was marred by slippery rails caused by rain and fallen leaves, to the extent that service had to be shut down again that afternoon to deploy Metro-North's rail-washing train. Train service resumed in time for the evening commute.

On February 14, 2023 at approximately 7:30 a.m., an out of service train being moved to enter passenger service overran the New Canaan station, running through the bumper block and crashing through the station fencing before coming to a stop. The engineer and conductor onboard were injured, but not seriously. While this incident caused a suspension of service on the branch throughout the morning rush and midday hours; following repairs, service was restored with the 4:39 p.m. train from Stamford.

Stations
The following connecting services are available to Amtrak, Metro-North Railroad, and CT Transit.

title: New Canaan Branch


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File:Point of Departure.jpg

Summary
Cover artwork for Andrew Hill's Point of Departure LP.

title: File:Point of Departure.jpg


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SR-25

The SR-25 (Stoner Rifle-25) is a designated marksman rifle and semi-automatic sniper rifle designed by Eugene Stoner and manufactured by Knight's Armament Company.

The SR-25 uses a rotating bolt and a direct impingement gas system. It is loosely based on Stoner's AR-10, rebuilt in its original 7.62×51mm NATO caliber. Up to 60% of parts of the SR-25 are interchangeable with the AR-15 and M16—everything but the upper and lower receivers, the hammer, the barrel assembly and the bolt carrier group. SR-25 barrels were originally manufactured by Remington Arms with its 5R (five grooves, right twist) rifling, with twist 1:11.25. The heavy 24 in barrel is free-floating, so handguards are attached to the front of the receiver and do not touch the barrel.

History
In the late 1950s, Eugene Stoner designed the AR-10 battle rifle to equip U.S. troops. It was accurate for an auto-loading rifle, but it lost the competition to the M14 rifle. The patent rights for the AR-10 and the AR-15 were sold to Colt's Manufacturing Company. Colt focused on the AR-15, giving others the ability to capitalize on the AR-10 system.

In the early 1990s, Stoner joined Knight's Armament Company. He continued his AR-10 design work. The result was the SR-25 (adding together the numbers of the AR-10 and AR-15) which improved the AR-10 design with M16A2 advancements and parts commonality. The original SR-25 was released in the early 1990s and had a heavy free-floating 24 in match grade barrel with a fiberglass handguard. It had a flat top upper receiver with a Mil-Std 1913 rail for mounting optics and a 2-stage match grade trigger. The bolt carrier was similar to the AR-10's, being chrome plated and having a captive firing pin retainer pin. The SR-25 was designed specifically to fire 168 gr open-tip match cartridges. Accuracy was guaranteed at or under 1 minute of angle. At first, AR-10 type 20-round magazines were used, but they were later replaced by steel 20-round magazines resembling those used by the M16.

United States Special Operations Command took interest in the SR-25, particularly its high magazine capacity and faster engagement time compared to bolt-action rifles. After some modifications, SOCOM adopted the SR-25 as the Mk 11 MOD 0 in May 2000. Changes included a shorter 20 in barrel that could fire M118 and M118LR 7.62×51mm NATO rounds and had a quick detachable sound suppressor mount. An 11.35 in free-floating handguard rail system allowed mounting accessories. Flip-up front sights and adjustable back-up iron sights were added, and an M16A2 stock and pistol grip were used.

Beginning in mid-2011, SOCOM began divesting the Mk 11 MOD 0 from their inventory and replacing it with the SSR Mk 20, the sniper variant of the FN SCAR. The Mk 11 was completely replaced by 2017.

Design
The SR-25 enhanced match rifle utilizes the newer URX II Picatinny-Weaver rail system, rather than the older Mk 11 free-floating RAS, on the top of the receiver to accept different scope mounts or a carrying handle with iron sights (front sight mounted on the rail located on the forward end of the non-modular handguard). The match version is designed to shoot at a precision of 0.5 minutes of angle, which corresponds to 0.5 in groups at 100 yd.

The Mk 11 MOD 0 system is chambered for 7.62×51mm NATO, and is designed for match-grade ammunition. The Mk 11 system includes the rifle, 20 round box magazines, QD (Quick Detachable) scope rings, Leupold Mark 4 Mil-dot riflescope, Harris swivel-base bipod on a Knight's mount, and QD sound suppressor, which is also manufactured by Knight's Armament Co. Flip-up BUIS (Back up iron sights) are attached to the modified gas block and upper receiver.

The Mk 11 MOD 0 utilizes an Obermeyer 20 in match target barrel, along with a RAS (Rail Accessory System) fore-end made by KAC, consisting of an 11.35 in long match fore-end. The RAS allows for quick attachment/detachment of MIL-STD-1913 components. The aluminum fore-end makes no contact with the barrel forward of the receiver, allowing for improved accuracy. The Mk 11 MOD 0 has an empty weight of 15.3 lb, and an overall length of 45.4 in. The civilian version, using the longer 24 in match barrel, is guaranteed to produce groupings of less than 1 in at 100 yd, or 0.3 angular mil, using factory match loads.

During the Iraq War, the United States Marine Corps ordered 180 Mk 11 MOD 1 rifles which were Mk 11s equipped with the upper receiver of the M110 Semi-Automatic Sniper System. The M110 upper gave the Mk 11 MOD 1 a URX modular rail system and a flash suppressor on the barrel. These saw limited use before they were phased out when the Marines chose to purchase the Mk 11 MOD 2, which was simply the USSOCOM and U.S. Navy designation for the complete M110 rifle.

The SR-25 Enhanced Match (E.M.) Carbine is very similar to the KAC M110 Semi-Automatic Sniper System, though the M110 utilizes the newer URX Rail system, a length-adjustable fixed buttstock, and an integrated flash suppressor. Starting in late 2011, USMC snipers began to replace Mk 11 MOD 0 rifles with the M110 on a one-for-one basis.

Users

 * 🇦🇺 Australia: Australian Army, Royal Australian Air Force Airfield Defence Guards and Police Tactical Groups.
 * 🇧🇩 Bangladesh: Special Warfare Diving and Salvage (SWADS) of Bangladesh Navy.
 * 🇮🇱 Israel: IDF special forces.
 * 🇵🇭 Philippines: Philippine National Police Special Action Force, Philippine Army Light Reaction Regiment
 * 🇵🇱 Poland: GROM.
 * 🇰🇷 South Korea: Republic of Korea Navy Special Warfare Flotilla
 * 🇹🇭 Thailand: Royal Thai Army.
 * 🇹🇷 Turkey: Gendarmerie General Command
 * 🇺🇸 United States: United States Military

title: SR-25


text:
David Lee (art critic)

David Lee (born 1953) is an outspoken English contemporary art critic—condemning conceptual art in general and the Turner Prize in particular. He publishes and edits The Jackdaw magazine, critical of the contemporary art world.

Career
David Lee was editor of Art Review magazine, but left to found his own satirical, opinionated, often vitriolic, magazine The Jackdaw to continue his campaign at what he sees as unacceptable standards in the art world. The Jackdaw was founded in 2000, and is published six times a year.

Lee took with him from Art Review a section titled "Artbollocks", where Lee reprints what he considers to be nonsensical and pretentious use of language by critics, galleries and artists, when describing art.

He has been linked with the Stuckists art movement because of their similar response to the Young British Artists, the Turner Prize and conceptual art. However, he is equally opposed to their art and, when the Stuckists offered a donation of work to the Tate Gallery, he declared: "If the Tate accepts these ridiculous daubs The Jackdaw will dance naked – except for his favourite swastika armband – down Whitehall singing Mamma Mia."

He called the Charles Saatchi's New Blood exhibition in 2004, "an assortment of tricks and stunts that was promoted with desperation and hitherto unsuspected tastelessness ... He promoted a rotten, talentless painter called Stella Vine to public notoriety".

Lee acted as "an independent art critic" for a task in the British 'Big Brother' TV show, broadcast 2 July 2009, where he judged three pieces, two of which were done by housemates and the third by a six-year-old child. Though Lee was told all three were by housemates, he still judged the six-year-old's the worst.

Lee has been one of the three judges on the BBC2 art series, Show Me the Monet.

title: David Lee (art critic)


text:
Blue Rose (role-playing game)

Blue Rose is a fantasy role-playing game published by Green Ronin Publishing in 2005. The game is in the romantic fantasy genre—it is inspired by fantasy fiction such as that of Mercedes Lackey and Diane Duane as opposed to Robert E. Howard–style of swords and sorcery. In romantic fantasy the emphasis is on role-playing and character interaction more than on combat. The game uses a derivative of the D20 system, called True20. Green Ronin subsequently released True20 as a separate system without a setting and genre neutral.

In early 2015 Green Ronin President Chris Pramas announced the company would Kickstart a new edition of the game using the Adventure Game Engine, the same ruleset used in the Dragon Age tabletop RPG. This new edition was published in May 2017.

Setting
Blue Rose is set in a world called Aldea, and most campaigns center around the Kingdom of Aldis. Aldis is a monarchy whose ruler is chosen by divine intervention rather than inheritance. The current ruler is Queen Jaellin, who earned the throne when "the Golden Hart", a being symbolizing rightful rulership, chose her over rival contenders. Populations of sentient telepathic animals are prevalent in Aldis (talking animals are a common theme in fantasy literature, but far less so in role-playing) and are considered equal citizens on par with humans.

Aldis endures tense relations with Jarzon, a neighboring realm of religious zealots. Both nations are threatened by Kern, an evil kingdom of necromancers, and have occasionally operated as uneasy allies against the common aggressor.

Reception
Upon initial release, Blue Rose was met with general approval and even some acclaim by the gaming hobby. The greatest attention was directed at the rules system, which was praised as a skillful slimming down of the comparatively more cumbersome d20 rules. Two supplemental books were published (in addition to the original core rulebook): Blue Rose Companion and World of Aldea.

Green Ronin later released True20 as a separate game, without any default setting. The company now treats Blue Rose as one setting for True20 - for example, the Blue Rose forum was abandoned and replaced with a section in the True20 forum.

Blue Rose won the Gen Con ENWorld Roleplaying Silver Medal for Best Cover Art, Best Rules, and Best d20 Game in 2005.

Reviews

 * Pyramid

title: Blue Rose (role-playing game)


text:
GoldenEye: Source

GoldenEye: Source is a total conversion mod developed using Valve's Source engine. GoldenEye: Source is a multiplayer remake of the 1997 Nintendo 64 video game GoldenEye 007, itself based on the James Bond film GoldenEye. The mod's development began in 2005, and remains in active development as of 2019.

Gameplay
GoldenEye: Source is an online multiplayer arena first-person shooter that aims to provide a faithful and also expanded re-creation of GoldenEye 007s multiplayer including additional game modes, re-creations of single-player levels that were not originally accessible in GoldenEye 007s multiplayer modes, and weapons which were only accessible using cheats.

Classic GoldenEye multiplayer maps like Complex, Library, and Facility are joined by modernized single-player levels such as Silo, Aztec, Dam, Runway, Depot, Cradle, and Control, with the level design of each tweaked substantially for multiplayer while staying as true as possible to the single-player missions that inspired them. Several maps – including Archives, Complex, Basement, Facility, Temple, and Bunker –  have been made in both their "classic" original and reimagined form, while other maps from the original game only exist in their reimagined form in GoldenEye: Source, including Egyptian, Caverns, and Caves. The game also features special maps like Casino – based on the 2006 Bond film Casino Royale –  and Facility Backzone, which itself is a reimagined version of the second half of the original Nintendo 64 mission's layout.

Matches take place on individual levels which are divided into several rounds, each round lasts a number of minutes and typically whichever player or team with the highest score at the end of the round will win that round. However the player or team with the most cumulative score at the end of the match will ultimately win once the map time expires.

Each player has a radar display on their screen which shows in real-time the relative position of other players in the match. In game modes which have objectives or special pick-ups such as the Golden Gun players are identified on the radar with a corresponding color. The radar is also typically off for certain gamemodes where it presents a competitive disadvantages, such as in License to Kill mode.

Server administrators also have the option to turn on or off classic features like paintball mode, or disable jumping, which was not part of the original game.

Weapon selection
Unlike many arena first-person shooters, GoldenEye: Source does not have set weapons on each level. Instead a different weapon set will populate the many weapon spawns and corresponding ammunition pick-ups around the map on each round. Weapon spawns have a value of 1 to 8, to which weapon sets of 8 preset weapons will be assigned. There are numerous weapon sets available in the game as well as the capability for players and server hosts to create their own. Some game modes will prompt the automatic generation of weaponsets designed to best accommodate that mode.

Game modes

 * Arsenal: A free-for-all mode where players start with the most powerful weapon in the game and for each single kill they are forced to use progressively weaker weapons until the final weapon, the hunting knife. Whoever kills with the final weapon wins the round. Melee kills will deduct a point from opponents and set them back one weapon.
 * Capture the Flag: A traditional take on capture the flag. Each team is assigned an area of the map to be their base, in which they must defend their flag from the enemy team whilst attempting to retrieve the other team's flag and return it to their base with the caveat that a flag cannot be captured whilst the other team possesses the opponent's flag. The team with the most captures when the time limit is reached wins, and a tie results in a sudden-death round where players who die are eliminated and unable to respawn.
 * Deathmatch: Classic free-for-all combat where the winner is whoever has the most kills when the time runs out, typically set to four or five minutes, although longer for tournament play.
 * License to Kill: Similar to Deathmatch with the exception that every weapon will kill an opponent in a single hit. Typically the radar is disabled during this game mode.
 * Living Daylights: A certain number of flags are spawned around the map, when a player picks one up they start to accumulate points, get a slight speed boost, and can no longer use any weapon except for the flag as a melee weapon. Hitting and killing other players with the flag allows for point stealing. Picking up weapons, ammunition and armor allows for quicker point scoring. The goal is to have the most points at the end of the road.
 * Man with the Golden Gun: Similar to Deathmatch except one of the weapons on the map is replaced by the Golden Gun, a single shot pistol which kills enemies in a single hit. Anybody who picks up the Golden Gun is marked on the radar, themselves receiving a reduced radar range, and are limited to a single armor pick-up as penalties. Each round the location of the Golden Gun is changed. Possession of the Golden Gun is not required for victory as the goal is to have the most kills when the time runs out.
 * You Only Live Twice: Similar to Deathmatch except that during each round every player is limited to two respawns after being killed.
 * Other Modes: Additional game modes include Dr. No Health, where the player spawns with zero health and full body armor, and can only replenish armor after earning a kill, and Dr. No Armor, where body armor is disabled entirely. Several other unique modes are actively being beta tested by the game's developers, or exist presently in the game as fan-made additions to the mod.

Many of the game modes are compatible with teamplay, which is usually enabled on the following round after a certain threshold of players in a server is passed. It can likewise be manually turned on and off by the server administrator.

Development
Development of GoldenEye: Source began in 2005, led by founder Nicholas "Nickster" Bishop. The alpha version of the game was released on December 26, 2005. After years in beta the first official version was released on December 10, 2010. The team continued to work on the mod to this day in dedication of Bishop's memory (Bishop died in 2006), with version 5.0 being released on August 12, 2016.

The 2016 version 5.0 went viral on social media shortly after launch, prompting several thousand new players to actively play the mod for several months. While activity in the game's servers died down over time, several hundred players who discovered the game from the 2016 release significantly expanded the previously existing community to maintain a consistently active playerbase that continues to persist as of 2019. According to the mod's developers, version 5.1 is currently in active development, which will feature tweaks to level design, sound and graphics improvements, and improved skins for some weapons, such as the AR33 assault rifle.

Level design
There are two fundamental types of level in GoldenEye: Source; "Classic" and "Neo". Classic maps are faithful re-creations of maps which existed in GoldenEye 007's multiplayer, which aim to be both to-scale as well as visually reminiscent of the simple level geometry the Nintendo 64 was capable of rendering, whilst using high resolution textures. Neo maps are re-imagined levels from GoldenEye 007 which often take visual inspiration from the film, as well as other James Bond films such as a map based on Casino Royale, from the film of the same name, recreating both multiplayer and a select number of viable singleplayer maps with layout changes that would otherwise be unsuitable for multiplayer gameplay. Most server administrators also include a selection of fan-made, GoldenEye-inspired maps, as well as maps ported from other first person shooter games, although the game's core official maps are by far the most commonly played. Maps based on the 2000 Nintendo 64 game Perfect Dark are also commonly played, although none are considered official.

Soundtrack
GoldenEye: Source features an extensive soundtrack by multiple contributing artists, of varying styles, and consisting of remixes of GoldenEye 007's soundtrack as well as original compositions. Primarily the soundtrack is composed by Trent "Basstronix" Robertson, Greg "Sole Signal" Michalec, Lynden "Tweaklab" Woodiwiss, all of whom create electronic and dance tracks, and Yannick "GoldenZen" Zenhäusern whose music mimics the orchestral and modern avant garde style of Éric Serra, the composer of GoldenEye's film score.

With each release of the mod, the soundtrack is released for free. Each level within the game has its own selection of songs which players can customize or add their own music to using .txt file scripts, including adding music from the original Nintendo 64 game to appear on specific maps.

Awards
The mod received two awards in the 2006 Moddb awards, a win in Editor's Choice for the Reinvention category, and was player-voted 3rd place in the overall category Mod of the year, rising from their fourth-placed finish in the unreleased category of the 2005 awards.

In 2014 GoldenEye: Source was named by PC Gamer among the "Ten top fan remade classics you can play for free right now".

title: GoldenEye: Source


text:
Parliament House, Brisbane

Parliament House in Brisbane is the meeting place of the Parliament of Queensland, housing its only chamber, the Legislative Assembly. It is located on the corner of George Street and Alice Street at Gardens Point in the CBD, and is next to the Queensland University of Technology and City Botanic Gardens. It was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

Planning
The Parliament of Queensland first met on 22 May 1860 in the former convict barracks on Queen Street. The building was not considered a suitable meeting place for Parliament in the long-term, but the government was preoccupied with the construction of Government House, and plans for a new legislative facility were not made until after its completion. In November 1863 a commission chose the site for the new parliamentary building on the corner of Alice and George Street. The commission soon opened an Australia-wide competition for the new building's design, and offered a 200 guinea prize for the winning submission. In April 1864, a design by Benjamin Backhouse was selected, but was later rejected after it was estimated that it would require to construct, exceeding the maximum cost of  specified in the competition. In October 1864, a design by William Henry Ellerker was recommended by the Parliamentary Commissioners. However in November 1865, the commissioners withdrew their recommendation and resigned, following criticism by James Cowlishaw who claimed none of the submissions was satisfactory. In December 1864, Ellerker wrote a public complaint about the process, but ultimately plans by Charles Tiffin, the Queensland Colonial Architect, were selected. Amid controversy and allegations of undue influence on the outcome of the competition, Tiffin donated his prize money for the design to the Ipswich Grammar School.

Construction
On 14 July 1865 the foundation stone for the building was laid by Sir George Bowen. It was built by Joshua Jeays who used sandstone from his own quarries. Stained glass windows depicting royalty were imported from Birmingham. The first section was completed in 1867. The George Street frontage was completed in 1868 in French Renaissance Revival style, with some Second Empire-style elements. The archways and colonnades facing George Street were built in 1878, and construction on the Alice Street frontage commenced in 1887. The Alice Street wing was completed in 1889. In 1886 Parliament House was connected to the Government Printing Office via an underground cable which provided it with electricity. The building was the first parliament house in Australia to be electrified.

20th century
Prince Alfred visited Parliament House in 1922 and on 29 February 1922 planted two trees at the entrance.

In March 1939, the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly George Pollock committed suicide at his office in Parliament House by shooting himself with a shotgun.

Led by George Gray, in August 1939 members of the League for Social Justice marched on Parliament House to protest unemployment, "armed with batons, coils of barbed wire and hammers". They interrupted a meeting of the ALP caucus in the old Legislative Council chambers. Gray and 36 others were charged with unlawful assembly, but were acquitted by a sympathetic jury. In 1969 the Government began to investigate the feasibility and cost of an extension to Parliament House. Three years later the State Works Department and Parliamentary Buildings Committee began planning the building, and designed a brutalist extension called the Parliamentary Annexe. Tenders for the Annexe were called in August 1975, and construction began soon after.

The Annexe was completed in March 1979 at a cost of $20,000,000. The building is linked to Parliament House, forming a square like the one in Tiffin's original 1864 plan. The square has become known as Speaker's Green and is used for ceremonial purposes. Alongside parliamentary and government offices, the Annexe also includes accommodation for regional MPs to stay in when in Brisbane.

The Annexe was refurbished in 2000.

Design
The George Street face of Parliament House has a porte-cochère, with a balustraded terrace above. The original zinc roof was replaced in the 1980s with one constructed from Mount Isa copper.

Public use
Art exhibitions and other displays are frequently staged in the spacious ground floor areas of the Annexe.

Free public guided tours of the Parliament are available each week day. Also, a gift shop, selling souvenirs and memorabilia, is located in the main foyer.

Parliament House was also used as one of the filming locations for the 1980s Australian series of Mission: Impossible, the 2022 TV series Joe vs. Carole and the 2024 Disney plus produced series Nautilus.

title: Parliament House, Brisbane


text:
Talk:Mackenzie Bowell

Rt. Hon. ?
I am wondering, why did Bowell not have the title "The Right Honourable"? -- Michael Drew 01:49, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Please see the reply below. -- Blairall (talk) 19:39, 8 July 2015 (UTC)

Why some Canadian PMs are not styled Right Honourable
I also was wondering why some Canadian PMs (Mackenzie, Abbott, and Bowell) were not entitled to the style Right Honourable, so I wrote to the Library of Parliament, and here is the answer I received. Fawcett5 20:20, 12 May 2005 (UTC)

Sir:

We acknowledge receipt of your email dated May 11, 2005 sent to the Information Service of the Library of Parliament.

The Information Service provides information of a general nature on the history, role, and activities of the Senate, House of Commons and the Library of Parliament.

In response to your request, three Canadian Prime Ministers, Alexander Mackenzie, Sir John Abbott and Sir Mackenzie Bowell, did not bear the title Right Honourable.

There is a very restricted group of individuals who carry the title of Right Honourable in Canada. This group consist of the country's leading public figures, such as the prime minister, the chief justice and the governor general, current or former as well as distinguished Canadians who have been honoured for their outstanding and invaluable contribution to national life in Canada. The style of Honourable in Canada is accorded to several categories of federal and provincial officials by the Sovereign under the Table of Titles, either during office or for life. This and other honorific titles arise from the exercise of the royal prerogative to grant honours, and can be changed by the Sovereign at will.

Members of the Canadian Privy Council, consisting for the most part of present and former Canadian cabinet ministers, have since 1867 only been entitled to the designation Honourable. Down to 1968, this included the prime minister of Canada, who usually but not always was sworn into the British Privy Council and by fact, became Right Honourable. The above-named prime ministers were never summoned to the British Privy Council, so they remained simply Honourable, as Canadian Privy Councillors. Sir Alexander Mackenzie refused the offer of knighthood; our records do not indicate the reasons why Messrs. Abbott and Bowell were not summoned to the British Privy Council.

On March 4th, 1968, the Privy Council of Canada recommended and Queen Elizabeth II approved with her initials, that the Table of Titles for Canada should contain by right the designation Right Honourable for the prime minister of Canada for life (as also for the chief justice).

By the same token, from 1867 to 1952 every Canadian governor general was a member of the British Royal family or nobility, entitled to the style Right Honourable. In 1968, Prime Minister Pearson wrote to the Queen requesting that the Table of Titles for Canada be amended so that the governor general be designated as Right Honourable from the moment of assuming office and for life.

Furthermore, please note that information on Canada's Parliament is available on the Parliamentary Internet site at the following address: www.parl.gc.ca

Should you require additional information regarding the Parliament of Canada, please do not hesitate to contact the Information Service of the Library of Parliament.

Sincerely,

C.G. Information Service / Service de renseignements Library of Parliament / Bibliothèque du Parlement

 * Very nice. Would you happen to know Bowell's middle name? Albrecht 19:03, 19 April 2006 (UTC)

I agree. He is properly styled as "The Honourable" and not as "The Right Honourable". This is confirmed on his official Parliament of Canada biography page. -- Blairall (talk) 19:21, 8 July 2015 (UTC)

Born in 1823 or 1824?
I've seen numerous sources, including the Canadian Archives, list Bowell's year of birth as 1823, not 1824. The seeming authouritive biography from DCB, which says "1824" also says this within its text: "At his 90th birthday in 1913 he was still going to his office at the newspaper, still inordinately vain, proud, for example, at people not guessing his age."

I did a quick check at the Mormon genealogy site and while a lot of contributors list his date as "1823," there was no parish record to confirm this date.

And now a check of the 1901 census, which finds Bowell in Hastings, has his birthdate listed as "27 Dec 1823."

http://automatedgenealogy.com/census/ImageArray.jsp?id=54472

I therefore am changing his year of birth to 1823.

Canada Jack 17:49, 18 October 2006 (UTC)

 * I've been in touch with the editors at DCB on this issue and I've been informed that because there is no parish birth/christening record but there is a marriage record for his parents March 1824, they opt for the 1824 date as most probable.

 * This is the current line from DCB: "No archival record of Bowell's birth has been found. The date has generally been given as 27 Dec. 1823; however, the parish registers held by the Suffolk County Council record a marriage in Rickinghall between John Bowell and Elizabeth Marshall, possibly Bowell's parents, on 19 March 1824, which may indicate a birth date of 27 Dec. 1824."

 * Should we revert to 1824 or go with what Bowell himself stated?

 * Canada Jack 15:20, 19 October 2006 (UTC)

I should also add here that nowhere did I see a source list the date AND year as December 27 1824. It seems that the assumption was that the Dec 27 date was correct, but the year was wrong.

Canada Jack 18:24, 30 October 2006 (UTC)

Appointing jurists
While I am sure my recent edit will not be accepted by either G2bambino or Lonewolf BC, can the both of you please discuss that section on the talk page, rather than constantly reverting each other? Adam Bishop 22:26, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Mackenzie Bowell


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Pes

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete (4D to 2non-deletes). R e  dwolf24  (talk) 00:07, 8 September 2005 (UTC)

Pes
Reposting of material already removed in dozens of previous vfds, so Speedy delete under criteria G4 in WP:CSD. See for a list of many vfds already deleting this material. -- (drini|☕) 01:50, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The reason I'm not tagging it it's because it is a controversial entry, so I wanted to go for sure with vfd. -- (drini|☕) 01:50, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Comment I followed the link you gave  I see links to stuff about an edit controversy, but no links to actual VfD votes.  I may be missing it.  Can you provide a more specific link, please?  Johntex 02:08, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * FYI I have collected a list of the VfD for rktects articles -- Egil 04:17, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes, if you look at the edit history on the pages listed as vfd'ed at that place, you'lll see that this is the same info that has already been deleted. But given Rktect's particular style of editing, it becomes a puzzle to reconstruct the info. -- (☺drini♫|☎) 22:19, 6 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete as original research. --Carnildo 04:09, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

Delete as per Drini. -- Egil 04:17, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as original research. --Lomedae 10:56, August 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to PEZ as a common mis-spelling. Grutness...  wha?  04:11, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

Keep I am casting my vote to keep this page in its revised form. Having listened carefuly to your constructive criticism I have edited the page and removed some material. The article continues to focus on the role of the Roman foot in the establishment of the Greek Orders of Architecture and their incorporation of many ancient standards of measure into pleasing canons of proportion. This is not original research but represents research that goes back at least to Palladio and Viruvius. It is not a mispelling of PEZ. It is not a reposting of material covered elsewhere. It is just some stuff you may not have learned yet. Rktect 17:36, September 1, 2005 (UTC) I'm curious why when other encyclopedias have this article, Wikipedia doesn't need it. Rktect 02:28, September 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Pes


text:
Portal:Aviation/Anniversaries/October

ar:بوابة:طيران/أحداث تاريخية/يوليو في الطيران

title: Portal:Aviation/Anniversaries/October