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Southwest Preparatory Conference

The Southwest Preparatory Conference (SPC) is an athletic conference for large, elite private high schools in Texas. It is composed of the following schools:

 * The Awty International School in Houston, Texas
 * Cistercian Preparatory School in Irving, Texas
 * Duchesne Academy of the Sacred Heart in Houston, Texas
 * Episcopal High School in Bellaire, Texas
 * Episcopal School of Dallas in Dallas, Texas
 * Fort Worth Country Day School in Fort Worth, Texas
 * Greenhill School in Addison, Texas
 * Hockaday School in Dallas, Texas
 * Houston Christian High School in Houston, Texas
 * The John Cooper School in The Woodlands, Texas
 * Kinkaid School in Houston, Texas
 * The Oakridge School in Arlington, Texas
 * St. Andrew's Episcopal School in Austin, Texas
 * St. John's School in Houston, Texas
 * St. Mark's School of Texas in Dallas, Texas
 * St. Stephen's Episcopal School in Austin, Texas
 * Trinity Valley School in Fort Worth, Texas

title: Southwest Preparatory Conference


text:
Menachem Mazuz

Menachem "Meni" Mazuz (מְנַחֵם "מֶנִי" מָזוּז; born April 30, 1955) is an Israeli jurist and Supreme Court justice, who served as the Israeli Attorney General in the years 2004–2010.

Childhood and studies
Mazuz was born in Djerba, Tunisia, the fifth in a family of nine children of the rabbi of one of the island's Jewish communities. His family immigrated to Israel a year after his birth, settling in Netivot.

Mazuz served his compulsory military service in the IDF Armor Corps, and then studied law at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, earning his law degree in 1980 specializing in public and administrative law. During his studies, he interned for one year in the Supreme Court with judges Shlomo Asher and Hadassa Ben-Itto and for a year in the State Attorney's Office High Court of Justice Department with attorneys Michal Shaked and Shlomo Tzur.

Government career
After graduating and receiving his law license in 1981, Mazuz immediately joined the State Attorney's Office as a lawyer, working in the Criminal, Civil, and High Court of Justice Departments until 1994. During this time he was also teaching public and administrative law at the Hebrew University. From 1991 to 1995, he served as a legal adviser of the Ministry of Justice for Israel's negotiations with Jordan and the Palestinian Authority. He was appointed Deputy Attorney General in 1994, serving for ten years.

In January 2004, Mazuz was appointed Attorney General, and took office in February. At the time of the appointment, he was seen as a career civil servant with little political or criminal-law experience. However, the circumstances of his appointment drew considerable interest because Prime Minister Ariel Sharon and his sons were under investigation by the Attorney General's Office for campaign-finance irregularities relating to his 1999 campaign for leadership of the Likud party.

When Mazuz's predecessor Elyakim Rubinstein resigned to accept appointment to the Supreme Court, Mazuz was chosen by Justice Minister Yosef Lapid; his selection and confirmation were carried out without the involvement of Sharon or vice-premier Ehud Olmert (also a target of the campaign-finance investigation) who both abstained in order to avoid a conflict of interest.

Upon taking office, Mazuz said he would vigorously pursue the case against Sharon, earning him contrasts in the media with Rubinstein, who had been accused of moving too slowly on the matter. In the summer of 2005, he secured the indictment of Ariel Sharon's son Omri on corruption charges, but decided not to charge Ariel Sharon himself and his other son, Gilad.

Mazuz adopted a hardline legal approach towards demonstrators opposing the evacuation of Israeli settlements in the Gaza Strip during the Israeli disengagement from Gaza. While stating that measures will be taken against violent demonstrators, and that detained protestors would not be given a collective pardon, he also forbade a demonstration in the town of Sderot. After the successful and relatively peaceful completion of the disengagement, Mazuz said that it was freedom of demonstration which prevented the operation from escalating into a violent one.

Mazuz faced harsh criticism following his decision, given in January 2005, according to which Israeli Arabs are allowed to buy lands owned by the Jewish National Fund. Some have accused Mazuz of incompliance with Israel's image as a Jewish state.

Mazuz has come under criticism from settler groups for allowing Israeli police to employ violence against demonstrators in the evacuation of the settlement of Amona.

Supreme Court justice
On November 10, 2014, Mazuz was sworn in as a justice on Israel's Supreme Court.

On December 7, 2020, Mazuz decided to resign as a justice on Israel's Supreme Court effective April 2021, citing personal reasons. Mazuz was not expected to retire until 2025.

Personal
A resident of Jerusalem, Mazuz is married and has two children.

Menachem Mazuz's cousin Meir Mazuz is a prominent rabbi.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Menachem Mazuz


text:
José Mendes (physicist)

José Fernando F. Mendes (born in Porto) is a Portuguese physicist (statistical physics) and professor of physics, best known for his work and contributions to the field of network theory.Graduated from University of Porto in 1987. He earned a PhD in March 1995 from the same University under the direction of Eduardo Lage, the title of the thesis was "Dynamics of spins systems".

Mendes was head of the Physics Department from December 2004 to February 2010 at University of Aveiro. From October 2009 to February 2010 he was director of the Associated Laboratory of the Institute of Nanostructures, Nanomodelling and Nanofabrication (I3N).

From February 2010 to February 2018 served as vice-rector for Research and Doctoral Studies at the University of Aveiro. Was the representative of the Portuguese universities in the Instituto do Petroleo e Gás (Galp) until 2018.

He is currently the President of the Complex Systems Society (2021 - ...) and Director of the i3N-Aveiro since September 2023.

Academic career
In 1983 he entered the University of Porto and graduated in physics in 1987. He gained his master's diploma in 1990. In 1987 he was an assistant in the Department of Physics, University of Porto. As a graduate student he visited as several universities as a researcher, including Oxford University, Geneva University, the City University of New York, and São Paulo. After finishing his Ph.D., he became an assistant professor in the same department. In 1996 he did a one year postdoctoral fellowship in Boston University under the supervision of Sid Redner. In 2002 did his "habilitation". In 2002, he became an associate professor at University of Aveiro and in 2005 professor. He was invited as professor by Henri Poincaré University (Nancy), Universidade Federal Minas Gerais (UFMG) and Visiting Researcher at Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (Pisa), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL-Lausanne) and ETH Zurich (Zurich).

Research
Mendes is known for his research on complex networks, and in particular for work on random graph theory, phase transitions, multiplex networks, percolation theory, and network epidemiology. He proposed with collaborators the idea of aging on networks, generalization of preferential attachment, pseudo-fractal networks, hybrid phase transitions, explosive phase transition nature, spectral analysis, k-core, and random walks on networks.

Awards
Prize Gulbenkian Ciência Gulbenkian Prize (2004).

Inducted member of Academia Europaea in 2012.

Member of American Physical Society (APS) (2017).

Member of Sociedade Portuguesa de Fisica.

Member of The Complex Systems Society.

Fellow of the Network Science Society (2019): "For profound contributions to network science that includes elucidating the consequences of preferential attachment, node aging, eigenvalue spectra, and critical phenomena in complex networks."

Fellow of the American Physical Society in 2020.

Litoral Awards Prize "Research" (2020)

Senior Prize, Complex Systems Society (2020): "for his seminal contributions and the many further developments of the theory of Complex Networks."

"Hero of Physics", Prize from Physics Department, elected by students (2021)

Books

 * S.N. Dorogovtsev and J.F.F. Mendes, "The Nature of Complex Networks", Oxford University Press (2022) ISBN 9780199695119
 * G.J. Baxter, R.A. da Costa, S.N. Dorogovtsev, J.F.F. Mendes, "Weak Multiplex Percolation", Cambridge University Press (2021) ISBN 9781108865777
 * Dorogovtsev, SN and Mendes JFF, Evolution of Networks: From Biological Nets to the Internet and WWW, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2003, 2014; ISBN 9780198515906 (hardcover)

Articles

 * R. A. da Costa, S. N. Dorogovtsev, A. V. Goltsev, J. F. F. Mendes, "Explosive Percolation" Transition is Actually Continuous, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 255701 (2010);
 * R. A. da Costa, S. N. Dorogovtsev, A. V. Goltsev, J. F. F. Mendes, "Explosive Percolation" Transition is Actually Continuous, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 255701 (2010);
 * R. A. da Costa, S. N. Dorogovtsev, A. V. Goltsev, J. F. F. Mendes, "Explosive Percolation" Transition is Actually Continuous, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 255701 (2010);

title: José Mendes (physicist)


text:
Ella at Duke's Place

Ella at Duke's Place is a 1965 studio album by Ella Fitzgerald and Duke Ellington, accompanied by his Orchestra. While it was the second (and last) studio album made by Fitzgerald and Ellington, following the 1957 song book recording, a live double album Ella and Duke at the Cote D'Azur was recorded in 1966. Ella at Duke’s Place was nominated for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance at the 1967 Grammy Awards.

Track listing
For the 1965 Verve LP album, Verve V6-4070; re-issued by PolyGram-Verve on CD in 1996: Verve-PolyGram 529 700-2.

Side One: Side Two:
 * 1) "Something to Live For" (Duke Ellington, Billy Strayhorn) – 3:35
 * 2) "A Flower Is a Lovesome Thing" (a.k.a. "Passion") (Strayhorn) – 5:00
 * 3) "Passion Flower" (Strayhorn) – 4:39
 * 4) "I Like the Sunrise" – 3:26
 * 5) "Azure" (Irving Mills) – 6:48
 * 1) "Imagine My Frustration" (Strayhorn, Gerald Stanley Wilson) – 4:49
 * 2) "Duke's Place" (a.k.a. "C Jam Blues") (Bill Katz, Ruth Roberts, Bob Thiele) – 4:13
 * 3) "Brown-skin Gal (in the Calico Gown)" (Paul Francis Webster) – 5:05
 * 4) "What Am I Here For?" (Frankie Laine)  – 5:35
 * 5) "Cotton Tail" – 3:41

 * All songs composed by Duke Ellington, with the exception of "A Flower Is a Lovesome Thing" and "Passion Flower". Lyricists indicated.
 * Recorded October 18,19,20 1965 at United Recorders, Hollywood, Los Angeles:

Personnel
Tracks 1-10

 * Ella Fitzgerald – Vocals
 * Duke Ellington – Conductor, composer, lyricist, arranger, piano
 * Jimmy Jones – Arranger, piano
 * Cat Anderson – Trumpet
 * Mercer Ellington – Trumpet
 * Herb Jones – Trumpet
 * Cootie Williams – Trumpet
 * Lawrence Brown – Trombone
 * Buster Cooper – Trombone
 * Chuck Connors – Bass trombone
 * Johnny Hodges – Alto saxophone
 * Russell Procope – Alto saxophone
 * Paul Gonsalves – Tenor saxophone
 * Jimmy Hamilton – Tenor saxophone, clarinet
 * Harry Carney – Baritone saxophone, bass clarinet
 * John Lamb – Bass
 * Louis Bellson – Drums

Album produced by Norman Granz

Engineering by Val Valentin

title: Ella at Duke's Place


text:
Steven Robertson

Steven Robertson (born 1 January 1977) is a Scottish actor who stars as Detective Sandy Wilson in the BBC One adaptation of Ann Cleeves's Shetland, filmed near where Robertson was born and brought up. He portrayed Michael Connelly, a young man with cerebral palsy, in Inside I'm Dancing, and played Dominic Rook in the popular BBC Three comedy-drama series Being Human. He has had roles in numerous television programs including Luther and The Bletchley Circle.

Personal life
Robertson grew up in the small village of Vidlin in the Shetland Islands of Scotland, with his two sisters. In his childhood, Robertson battled and overcame severe dyslexia. Before pursuing an acting career, he worked as an odd-job man in his village. Growing up, he was close to the Shetland poet Rhoda Bulter. He stated that she was the trigger for him pursuing a career in performing by telling him old Shetland tales. Robertson attended the Guildhall School of Music and Drama. While there he met his wife, actress Charlotte Allam. He is also a member of Aya Theatre and has starred in their adaptation of George Orwell's Burmese Days as Flory. He currently lives in Hertfordshire with his wife and daughter.

Career
Robertson's first major film role came in 2004 when he starred alongside fellow Scottish actor James McAvoy in Inside I'm Dancing.

He then went on to play a small part in the 2005 film Kingdom of Heaven as an Angelic Priest. Following this, he had a big role in the 2005 French war film Joyeux Noël in which he played Jonathan, a young man whose brother was shot dead during WW1. Robertson then went on to play characters in numerous TV dramas, including Luther, where he played both of the Millberry twins, a murderous duo who decided their victim's fate on the roll of a dice.

Robertson then played Dominic Rook, a government leader whose department protects the world from supernaturals in series 5 of the British supernatural drama Being Human.

He later worked on series 2 of Utopia, a British conspiracy thriller for Channel 4 where he played the role of Terrence.

Shetland
Robertson returned to his home in Shetland to film the TV series of the same name, where he starred as Constable Sandy Wilson in the BBC One adaptation of the popular Ann Cleeves book series. The show was criticised for its lack of Shetland accents, with Robertson being the only main cast member born and brought up on the islands. However, the series attracted over 6 million viewers and a second series was commissioned featuring, alongside Douglas Henshall and Robertson, actors Brian Cox, Julie Graham and Alex Norton, with Robertson's character now a detective. Robertson stated to Digital Spy that his portrayal of Wilson was a "nice break from playing killers and creeps". A third series, telling a single story, aired in 2016.

Robertson returned as DC Wilson for the fourth series which was broadcast in early 2018, the fifth series which was broadcast in early 2019, the sixth in 2021 and the seventh in 2022.

Film

 * Inside I'm Dancing (2004) (also released under the title Rory O'Shea Was Here) as Michael Connolly
 * Kingdom of Heaven (2005) as the Angelic Priest
 * Joyeux Noël (2005) as Jonathan
 * True North (2006) as The Cook
 * Elizabeth: The Golden Age (2007) as Francis Throckmorton
 * Neds (2010) as Mr Bonetti
 * The Tourist (2010) as Junior Technician Pinnock
 * 5 Days of War (2011) as Davit Kezerashvili
 * The Somnambulists (2012) as Man 12
 * T2 Trainspotting (2017) as Francis Begbie's lawyer
 * Tell It to the Bees (2018) as Jim

TV

 * E=mc² (2005) as Michael Faraday
 * He Kills Coppers (2008) as Tony Meehan
 * Tess of the d'Urbervilles (2008) as Cuthbert Clare
 * Shameless (2009) as Padraig Maguire, deceased father of Paddy Maguire seen in a nightmare
 * Red Riding (2009) as Sergeant Bob Fraser
 * Hustle (2009)
 * Ashes to Ashes (2010) as Paul Thordy
 * Luther (2011) as Robert/Nicholas Millberry
 * Parade's End as Colonel Bill Williams, CO (2012)
 * Being Human (2012-Guest, 2013-Regular) as Dominic Rook
 * The Bletchley Circle (2012) as Malcolm Crowley
 * Shetland (2013–present) as Detective Constable Sandy Wilson
 * New Tricks (2013) as Tim Belgrade
 * Utopia (2014) as Terrence
 * In the Flesh (2014) as John Weston
 * Doctor Who (2015) as Richard Pritchard
 * Harlots (2017) as Robert Oswald
 * Vera (2018) as Tom Naresby
 * The Bay (2021) as Mark Bradwell

Stage

 * King Lear (2002) as Kent (Royal Shakespeare Company Academy)
 * The Seagull (2003) as Konstantin Gavrilovich Treplyov (Royal Exchange, Manchester)
 * Antony and Cleopatra as Octavian (Royal Exchange, Manchester)
 * The Tempest (2007) as Ariel (Royal Exchange, Manchester)
 * Ghosts (2009) as Oswald Alving (Citizens Theatre)

title: Steven Robertson


text:
Gnaeus Egnatius

Gnaeus Egnatius (fl. second century BC) was a Roman senator who gave his name to the Via Egnatia.

Biography
Gnaeus Egnatius, the son of Gaius Egnatius, was a plebeian and a member of the tribe Stellatina. A member of the Roman Senate, he first turns up in the historical record around the year 149 BC, where he appeared as the senior witness to a Senatus consultum sent to Corcyra. Egnatius was elected Praetor sometime prior to 146 BC, and following this he was assigned the newly created province of Macedonia as its Proconsular governor, replacing Quintus Caecilius Metellus Macedonicus who had just finished pacifying the new province.

During his tenure as governor of Macedonia, Gnaeus Egnatius began the construction of the eponymous Via Egnatia which was begun in 146 BC and completed in 120 BC. His portion of the Roman road began at the Adriatic Sea, crossed the Pindus mountains and travelled eastward into central Macedonia, ending at Thessalonica. Nothing further is known of his tenure as governor of Macedonia, or of his subsequent career.

title: Gnaeus Egnatius


text:
Gary Rhodes

Gary Rhodes (22 April 1960 – 26 November 2019) was an English restaurateur and television chef, known for his love of English cuisine and ingredients and for his distinctive spiked hair style. He fronted shows such as MasterChef, MasterChef USA, Hell's Kitchen, and his own series, Rhodes Around Britain. As well as owning several restaurants, Rhodes also had his own line of cookware and bread mixes. Rhodes went on to feature in the ITV1 programme Saturday Cooks, as well as the UKTV Food show Local Food Hero before his sudden death at age 59.

Early years
Rhodes was born in Camberwell, South London, in 1960, to Gordon and Jean (née Ferris) Rhodes. He moved with his family to Gillingham, Kent, where he went to The Howard School in Rainham. He then attended catering college in Thanet where he met his wife Jennie.

Career
Rhodes' first job was at the Amsterdam Hilton Hotel. He was hit by a transit van in Amsterdam leaving him with serious injuries. He then toured Europe in various jobs before becoming sous chef at the Reform Club in Pall Mall, and then on to the Michelin-starred Capital Hotel in Knightsbridge where he worked under Brian Turner. Rhodes became the head chef at the Castle Hotel, Taunton, in Somerset. He retained the hotel's Michelin star at the age of 26. As part of his programme Floyd on Britain & Ireland, Keith Floyd watched Gary make roast oxtail.

In 1990, Rhodes returned to London with his family to become head chef at The Greenhouse restaurant in Mayfair. The menu became known for reviving British classics, including faggots, fishcakes, braised oxtails and bread and butter pudding. He was awarded a Michelin star for The Greenhouse in January 1996. In 1997 he opened his first restaurant, City Rhodes, and in 1998 Rhodes in the Square, both in London with global contract catering company Sodexo. This partnership expanded into the brasseries Rhodes & Co in Manchester, Edinburgh and Crawley.

In 2003, following the closure of the restaurants City Rhodes and Rhodes in the Square, he opened Rhodes Twenty Four in one of London's tallest buildings, Tower 42. Rhodes described his hopes for the restaurant on its launch: "If we never get a Michelin star here, I will be very disappointed, but what I really want is customers." It won a Michelin star in 2005, which it retained as one of Rhodes' two Michelin-starred restaurants in London until its closure in 2014.

Rhodes also owned Arcadian Rhodes on the P&O superliner MS Arcadia, Rhodes W1 at The Cumberland Hotel in London, and Rhodes Calabash at The Calabash Hotel in Grenada. He was also a contributor to the BBC Good Food magazine.

His first TV appearance was at the age of 27, courtesy of TV chef Glynn Christian on Hot Chefs. This led to the BBC series Rhodes Around Britain in 1994 and Gary's Rhodes' Perfect Christmas in 1998. In 1999, Rhodes presented a BBC TV series Gary Rhodes' New British Classics, reintroducing classic British cuisine, and published a book of the same name. For two seasons, in 2000 and 2001, Rhodes hosted the original MasterChef USA on PBS.

Rhodes starred in the television series Rhodes Across India, with apprentices Bushra Akram, Scott Davis and Kalwant Sahota, and, in 2008, Rhodes Across China, which explored Chinese cuisine, with sous chefs Melissa Syers and Teresa Tsang.

Rhodes appeared in a commercial tie-in with Tate & Lyle in the late 1990s, and his recipes endorsed sugar and treacle products accordingly; his name was printed on every Tate & Lyle sugar sachet across the country. Rhodes was associated with a Cooking in Schools campaign with Flora UK and appeared in television adverts for Flora margarine, some of which featured him "driving a van topped with a giant styrofoam crumpet" which were banned.

He was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) on 17 June 2006. In the same year he competed, representing the South of England, in the BBC's Great British Menu, but lost to Atul Kochhar.

Rhodes appeared on the BBC Two spoof game show Shooting Stars, during which hosts Vic Reeves and Bob Mortimer asked him to "represent fire through the medium of dance". He also competed, with professional partner Karen Hardy, in the sixth series of Strictly Come Dancing which began on 20 September 2008, and finished in 14th place.

In 2011, Rhodes moved to Dubai, United Arab Emirates. He headed Rhodes Mezzanine, later Rhodes W1 Dubai, at the Grosvenor House Hotel, and another restaurant Rhodes Twenty10 at Le Royal Méridien Beach Resort & Spa. In 2013 he opened his first restaurant in Abu Dhabi, Rhodes 44 at The St. Regis Hotel. Rhodes was a supporter of Manchester United.

Death
Rhodes died in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, on 26 November 2019; he was aged 59. Rock Oyster Media and Goldfinch TV said in a statement to the PA news agency that Rhodes had become unwell, while filming, and died shortly thereafter. It was later confirmed by Rhodes' family that his death was a result of a subdural haematoma, normally associated with a head injury.

Restaurants

 * Rhodes W1 (formerly Rhodes Mezzanine) – Grosvenor House Hotel, Dubai.
 * Rhodes Calabash – The Calabash Hotel, Grenada.
 * Rhodes Twenty10 – Le Royal Méridien Beach Resort & Spa, Dubai.
 * Rhodes Twenty Four ( Michelin star) – Tower 42, London (closed in 2014).
 * Rhodes 44 – The St. Regis Hotel, Abu Dhabi (closed in 2014).
 * Rhodes W1 ( Michelin star) – The Cumberland Hotel, London (closed in 2012).
 * Rhodes W1 Brasserie – The Cumberland Hotel, London (closed in 2012).
 * Arcadian Rhodes – aboard the P&O liner MS Arcadia (replaced in 2011).
 * Oriana Rhodes – aboard the P&O liner MS Oriana (replaced in 2011).
 * Rhodes South – Christchurch Harbour Hotel, Christchurch (closed in 2010).
 * Kings Rhodes – Kings Arms Hotel, Christchurch (closed in 2009).
 * Rhodes D7 – Dublin (closed in 2009).
 * Rhodes in the Square ( Michelin star) – London (closed in 2003).
 * City Rhodes ( Michelin star) – London (closed in 2003).
 * Rhodes & Co – Golden Tulip Hotel, Manchester (closed in 2003).
 * Rhodes & Co – Jenners Department Store, Edinburgh (closed in 2002).
 * Rhodes & Co – Arora Hotel Gatwick, Crawley (closed in 2002 or 2003).
 * Rhodes @ the Dome – Plymouth Hoe, Plymouth (involvement ended in 2016).

title: Gary Rhodes


text:
Ludovic Lindsay, 16th Earl of Crawford

Ludovic Lindsay, 16th Earl of Crawford (1600–1652), was a Scottish landowner and Royalist. He was the son of Henry Lindsay, 13th Earl of Crawford and Helen Chisholm.

In 1633-1634 Lindsay served the Polish king and commanded a unit composed partially of Scotsmen during the Muscovite campaigns. In 1636-1638 he led the same unit in service of Felipe IV against the French in Flanders. Lindsay took part in the strange plot of 1641 called The Incident. Having joined King Charles I at Nottingham in 1642, he fought at the Battle of Edgehill, at the Battle of Newbury and elsewhere during the English Civil War; in 1644, just after the Battle of Marston Moor, the Scots Parliament declared he had forfeited his earldom, and, following the lines laid down when this was regranted in 1642, it was given to John Lindsay, 1st Earl of Lindsay. Ludovic was taken prisoner at Newcastle-on-Tyne in 1644, following the seven-month Siege of Newcastle, and was condemned to death, but the sentence was not carried out, and in 1645 he was released by Montrose, under whom he served until the surrender of the King at Newark-on-Trent. Later he was in Ireland and in Spain and he died, probably in France, in 1652.

At the death of Ludovic Lindsay, the title Earl of Crawford was passed, despite senior heirs, to his cousin, John Lindsay, who had already been created Earl of Lindsay. The earldoms of Crawford and Lindsay continued to be united until George Lindsay-Crawford, 22nd Earl of Crawford, (6th Earl of Lindsay) died unmarried in January 1808.

title: Ludovic Lindsay, 16th Earl of Crawford


text: User talk:205.229.151.150

title: User talk:205.229.151.150


text:
Talk:Johnny Vegas

Regular panellist?
In the matrix of Johnny's television appearances, is there a reason that it says Regular Panelist instead of something more accurate, like Frequent Panelist? From my perspective, Alan Davies is a Regular Panelist on QI, and Jon Richardson is a Regular Panelist on 8 Out of 10 Cats. I realize one might define them as Permanent Panelists, but I still think the term Regular Panelist implies someone is a fixture, and not just a frequent guest. There have been multiple seasons consecutively where Johnny wasn't even on 8 Out of 10 Cats. It'd be like calling Jo Brand a Regular Panelist on QI, when there are even some series she was only in two episodes. CleverTitania (talk) 04:09, 27 May 2015 (UTC)

 * @CleverTitania I totally disagree.
 * Do you regularly visit your local or shop or are you permanently there?
 * Makes quite a difference doesn't it! 146.199.238.127 (talk) 08:35, 17 March 2024 (UTC)
 * No, how often someone I do something in my life doesn't remotely compare to how a performer's role displays in the credits of a show. There is standard terminology used, based on contracts and frequency of appearances within a season/series. When I wrote this comment, 9 years ago, I was less familiar with how that terminology works in the UK. Now that I am more familiar, I know that the terminology "Regular Panelist" is used for someone who is contracted to be on all (or very nearly all) the episodes in that season. It is not just a term for being on a show often. And unless Johnny was contracted to be in most of the episodes of at least one season/series of a show, he is not a "Regular Panelist" on that show. CleverTitania (talk) 15:45, 18 March 2024 (UTC)
 * @CleverTitania you are still confusing permanent with regular.
 * a permanent panelist is a star of the show, with a contract in place for the whole series (Jon Richardson, Paul Merton, Alan Davies etc.)
 * A regular panelist is someone who appears often but has no fixed contract in place beyond a single episode. 87.114.59.64 (talk) 06:55, 6 April 2024 (UTC)
 * No, you are mistakenly thinking that there are more terms in place than actually exist. I will not claim there is a set way that this is done across the board, but there is not a consistent use of any special term for a recurring panelist that appears more often than once but isn't a permanent fixture on the show - i.e. Johnny's appearances on QI. There is no reason for their to be a special term for that behavior, because it's not noteworthy enough to be on Wikipedia filmography charts. There are dozens of people who have been in multiple episodes of QI, and several of those people have been in multiple episodes over multiple series. It is trivial information to put a special notation on their individual Wiki filmographies, saying they are a recurring panelist on a specific show - entering the number of their appearances or what season's they appeared, is for the Notes section of the table.
 * But I you'll rarely, if ever, see the term "permanent panelist" used in UK TV industry writings and industry press. The term that is used, for what you're calling permanent, is "Regular Panelist." That's what the press calls them, that's what studios and production companies tend to call them. And they get that term based on being contracted regulars. That is a noteworthy and not trivial information.
 * What language we use for TV show performers is about industry standards and contracts - which is a common way it's done across Wikipedia - not what we individually think the word "regular" means. CleverTitania (talk) 04:32, 7 April 2024 (UTC)
 * @CleverTitania It is still you who is wrong. It's amusing how your own argument is proving this to be so! 87.114.59.64 (talk) 06:26, 7 April 2024 (UTC)
 * Then I suggest you demonstrate exactly what points about industry terminology or Wikipedia guidelines are inaccurate or incomplete in my response, because attempts to be snarky do not qualify as elements of discussion or debate. And they certainly do not qualify as civil discourse between editors, per said guidelines. CleverTitania (talk) 20:50, 15 April 2024 (UTC)

External links modified
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I have just added archive links to 2 one external links on Johnny Vegas. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20050428075625/http://www.bbc.co.uk:80/pressoffice/biographies/biogs/tventertainment/johnnyvegas.shtml to http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/biographies/biogs/tventertainment/johnnyvegas.shtml
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20111006130255/http://www.ghanamma.com/2011/03/31/comedian-johnny-vegas-marries-girlfriend-maia-dunphy-in-spain/ to http://www.ghanamma.com/2011/03/31/comedian-johnny-vegas-marries-girlfriend-maia-dunphy-in-spain/

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Interview with Richard Herring
There's a huge amount of information in his interview on Richard Herring's Leicester Square Theatre Podcast that both confirms some of the unverified detail and adds to the information contained here. Anyone willing to update this page based on that interview can view it at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pJpVOfUg9N8.

There's also the all stuff about him being part of the Last Leg Paralympics episodes at the Rio games in 2016 that could be included.

watching this at the moment, & the big take-away from it is that MP is trying to establish JV as a stage character, a separate & distinct personality. this calls into question, imo, the use of 'Johnny Vegas' instead of his real name, when describing his non-stand-up activities. any thoughts?

duncanrmi (talk) 21:51, 17 March 2019 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20170317145956/http://m.vam.ac.uk/collections/item/O35096/teapot-vegas-johnny/ to http://m.vam.ac.uk/collections/item/O35096/teapot-vegas-johnny

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Lives in St Helens
Hi Wikipedians, I just edited to add Gogglebox and a citation that he lives in St Helens as he had requested Channel 4 to amend to this recently. I wondered if maybe a previous reference to Richmond, citing Twitter, referred to a second home but could not find something specific about this yet (perhaps it is there and I missed it, so apologies if so). Thanks Faktoj gravas (talk) 16:19, 4 July 2020 (UTC)

Divorce
We said he was divorced from his wife Maia in 2017, however the source included only said they split at that time and the other sources around this point speak of separation. As it cannot be verified at this time, I have removed the divorce from the personal life heading and the infobox. Solipsism 101 (talk) 03:49, 1 May 2022 (UTC)

Please add link to video
Please add:

to the external links section. I have a CoI because I am working for the university, but I think this is a useful indication of the subject's speaking style and views. Andy Mabbett ( Pigsonthewing ); Talk to Andy; Andy's edits 16:26, 26 January 2024 (UTC)

— Urro[ talk ] [ edits ] 17:11, 26 January 2024 (UTC)

Known for... chunky appearance
Citation needed surely?! Unless someone can persuade me this is part of his shtick, it just feels like a baseless personal attack ElectronicsForDogs (talk) 20:38, 23 February 2024 (UTC)

 * A Google search for Johnny Vegas "chunky" brings up no direct uses apart from Wikipedia and the exact same article sentence copied onto other sites.
 * Press sources are, to the contrary, focusing on how proud he is of his weight loss.
 * For this reason, I'm going to go ahead and remove it from the article. ElectronicsForDogs (talk) 21:02, 23 February 2024 (UTC)

known for..... angry comedic rants
whilst this definitely was part of his comedic style in the early part of his career, it hasn't really been his MO for many years. 146.199.238.127 (talk) 07:26, 16 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Johnny Vegas


text:
User:Texture/Sandbox/IraqConst

Following the Iraq War, the occupying forces and the Iraqi Government have proposed a constitution, whereby the people of Iraq will be given more of what they want.

According to the de facto law in Iraq, the Law of Administration for the State of Iraq for the Transitional Period should be replaced by a new constitution, which will be presented to the Iraqi people for approval in a general referendum to be held no later than October 15 2005. With this in mind, and the fact that more popularity concerning the Iraq War is needed, the coalition and government decided to put it forward.

After the deadline for its conclusion was extended on four occasions, the text of the proposed constitution was read to the National Assembly on Sunday, 28 August 2005. It describes the state as a "democratic, federal, representative republic" (art. 1) (however, the division of powers is to be deferred until the first parliament convenes), and a "multiethnic, multi-religious and multi-sect country" (art. 3). Article 2 defines Islam as the "the official religion of the state" and "a basic source of legislation".

Only three of the 15 Sunni members of the drafting committee attended the signing ceremony, and none of them signed it. Sunni leaders are generally urging the electorate to reject the constitution in the 15 October referendum. A two-thirds rejection vote in three of the country's 18 provinces (of which four are thought to comprise Sunni majorities) will require the dissolution of the Assembly, fresh elections, and the recommencement of the entire drafting process.

Sections and Articles

 * Preamble
 * In the name of God, the Compassionate, the Merciful

 * "Verily we have honored the children of Adam" (Quran 17:70)

 * We the sons of Mesopotamia, land of the prophets, resting place of the holy imams, the leaders of civilization and the creators of the alphabet, the cradle of arithmetic: on our land, the first law put in place by mankind was written; in our nation, the most noble era of justice in the politics of nations was laid down; on our soil, the followers of the prophet and the saints prayed, the philosophers and the scientists theorized and the writers and poets created.

 * Recognizing God's right upon us; obeying the call of our nation and our citizens; responding to the call of our religious and national leaders and the insistence of our great religious authorities and our leaders and our reformers, we went by the millions for the first time in our history to the ballot box, men and women, young and old, on Jan. 30, 2005, remembering the pains of the despotic band's sectarian oppression of the majority; inspired by the suffering of Iraq's martyrs — Sunni and Shiite, Arab, Kurd and Turkomen, and the remaining brethren in all communities — inspired by the injustice against the holy cities in the popular uprising and against the marshes and other places; recalling the agonies of the national oppression in the massacres of Halabja, Barzan, Anfal and against the Faili Kurds; inspired by the tragedies of the Turkomen in Bashir and the suffering of the people of the western region, whom the terrorists and their allies sought to take hostage and prevent from participating in the elections and the establishment of a society of peace and brotherhood and cooperation so we can create a new Iraq, Iraq of the future, without sectarianism, racial strife, regionalism, discrimination or isolation.

 * Terrorism and "takfir" (declaring someone an infidel) did not divert us from moving forward to build a nation of law. Sectarianism and racism did not stop us from marching together to strengthen our national unity, set ways to peacefully transfer power, adopt a manner to fairly distribute wealth and give equal opportunity to all.

 * We the people of Iraq, newly arisen from our disasters and looking with confidence to the future through a democratic, federal, republican system, are determined — men and women, old and young — to respect the rule of law, reject the policy of aggression, pay attention to women and their rights, the elderly and their cares, the children and their affairs, spread the culture of diversity and defuse terrorism.

 * We are the people of Iraq, who in all our forms and groupings undertake to establish our union freely and by choice, to learn yesterday's lessons for tomorrow, and to write down this permanent constitution from the high values and ideals of the heavenly messages and the developments of science and human civilization, and to adhere to this constitution, which shall preserve for Iraq its free union of people, land and sovereignty.

 * (From the Associated Press english language translation.)

 * Chapter One: Basic Principles (articles 1 - 13)
 * Establishes Iraq as an independent nation

 * Chapter Two: Rights and Freedoms (articles 14 - 45)
 * Part One: Rights (articles 14 - 34)
 * First: Civil and political rights (articles 14 - 21)
 * Second: Economic, social and cultural rights (articles 22 - 34)
 * Part Two: Freedoms (articles 35 - 45)
 * Chapter Three: The Federal Authorities (articles 47 - 106)
 * Part One: The Legislative Authority (articles 47 - 63)
 * FIRST: The Council of Representatives (Parliament) (articles 48 - 62)
 * Second: The Council of Union (article 63)
 * Part Two: The Executive Authority (articles 64 - 84)
 * First, The President (articles 65 - 73)
 * Second, The Cabinet (articles 74 - 84)
 * Part Three: The Judiciary (articles 85 - 99)
 * First: The Supreme Judiciary Council (articles 88 - 89)
 * Second: The Supreme Federal Court (articles 90 - 92)
 * Third: General Provisions (articles 93 - 99)
 * Part Four: Independent Associations (articles 100 - 106)
 * Chapter Four: Powers of the Federal Authorities (articles 107 - 112)
 * Chapter Five: Authorities of the Regions (articles 113 - 116)
 * Part One: Legislative Authorities of the Regions (articles 117 - 119)
 * Part Two: Executive Authorities of the Regions (articles 120 - 129)
 * First: The President of the Region (articles 122 - 124)
 * Second: The Cabinet of the region (articles 125 - 129)
 * Part Three: Judicial Authorities of the Regions (articles 130 - 131)
 * Part Four: Provinces not organized into a Region (articles 132 - 133)
 * Part Five: The Capitol (article 134)
 * Part Six: Local Administrations (article 135)
 * Chapter Six: Final and Transitional Guidelines (articles 136 - 153)
 * First: Final Guidelines (articles 136 - 141)
 * Second: Transitional Guidelines (articles 142 - 153)

title: User:Texture/Sandbox/IraqConst


text:
Talk:Pharmacognosy

In
In today's revision I deleted two paragraphs and felt that I should explain why I took this action. The pre-deletion second paragraph was an attempt to cover the history and scope of pharmacognosy (I think), but went wide of the mark. The external link here bears me out. The other deleted paragraph was so poorly worded that I'm not really sure what the author waa trying to say. Merenta 22:13, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

I am substantially expanding the article, but there are a number of sections that require expansion and sourcing. I will get to them.Ksvaughan2 18:58, 20 April 2007 (UTC)

Factual accuracy, Request for peer review
Active constituents: this section refers to the concept of "constituent synergy". It claims that "Plants with high levels of assumed active constituents like ginsenosides or hypericin may not correlate with the strength of the herbs." and suggests that a drug's effects are irreducible to their active ingredients. Such claims are in strong need of a reliable source (read: empirical study) or else this section will have to be changed to something like "Herbalists believe that phytopharmaceuticals rely upon constituent synergy."

From a previous revision, currently remains in some form with citation needed tag: "The US Food and Drug Administration "FDA" does not draw upon most foreign language publications or international assessments of drug safety in its determinations of drug safety. As a result one erroneously hears that herbal medicine is unstudied." For this to be accurate two things must be established: 1) That the FDA does not use relevant foreign language publications. 2) That these foreign language publications actually contain randomized, double blind, placebo controlled studies on herbs. I say randomized, double blind, placebo controlled because I believe that these are the sort of requirements that must be met to reach the standards of drug testing for FDA approval and thus the inferred meaning of the word "studied" in this sentence. If studies on all these herbs exist but they are not double blind, randomized and controlled it should be explicitly stated that these studies do not meach such requirements. As you can probably gather this will be very hard to verify in keeping with wikipedia's foreign lanugage policies so I think that these lines should just be removed outright.

The other problem is I actually don't think I would say that all herbs are unstudied. I've actually read several English language papers on the studies on herbs. For example NCCAM conducts many studies. They have also found a lot of negative results ie finding no significant drug effect. This also needs to be represented in the paragraph. The previous revision, especially implied that there have not been any studies on herbs that find negative results and that all the foreign language papers also showed that herbs work.

Indexing Issues and Megastudies Firstly I don't think "megastudies" is the best word (what is a megastudy and how does it differ from a normal study. Do they mean meta-analysis). Secondly it reads as more of a criticism of medline from one person's (Jonathan Treasure) than anything else. His opinion has been elevated far too highly as well; "He demonstrates". The POV nature of his article, which forms the basis of much of this section can be demonstrated through quotes such as "The legacy of political suppresion of herbal medicine in America..." and "A persistent strategy of the mainstream is to hold herbs and herbal medicine accountable to the tribunal of medical "science"". He provides an argument, not a study so his opinion must be presented as his opinion and given the POV nature of his opinion, must be balanced with those of oposing viewpoints.

In this article the ginseng fiasco is also presented as representative of all medline accounts of hrebal medicine, as if all evidence on medline should be discounted because of this one case. This is extremely misleading. Some meta-analyses will always be better than others and detailing one instance in detail casts doubt all all, including better, meta-analyses. My reading of this section and the introduction (and the Ethnopharmacology section) suggeted that there is systematic bias against all herbal medicines and that is the only reason that they have not been scientifically validated. The fact of the matter is that some herbal medicines just don't work (as evidence by double blind, placebo controlled trials on some medicines) and I'll be attempting to modify this article to represent this properly ut I would like some assistance in doing this. JamesStewart7 04:47, 27 September 2007 (UTC)

Removal of misleading sections
This section: "The costs of testing drugs are sizable, and without the patent protection available to synthetic drugs, companies are reluctant to test herbal medicines ." has been removed as it is misleading. Large controlled trials have been done on several popular herbal remedies eg St John's Wort, http://www.nih.gov/news/pr/apr2002/nccam-09.htm. Now, it wasn't a drug company that did that study, it was the National Insitute of Health, however, the preceeding statement implies that large controlled trials have not been done on any promising herbal remedies. Looking at the history of asprin, where a derivative of salicylic acid, found in willow bark, was eventually patented, I'm not entirely sure any section of the statement is reliable. It is my opinion that this statement should not be reincluded unless extensive mention has been given to the large, controlled trials of herbal remedies that have been done. Furthermore, I do not think the addendum of "most herbal medicines have not undergone controlled trials due to patenent issues and costs" is sufficient either. Patent issues may hold back the trials of some medications eg lithium as a treatment for bipolar disorder (my understanding is there has been some trials but some larger ones are desirable) but there may be a lack of scientific support future trails of other medications. The article needs to differentiate between these cases, so not to erroneously imply that all herbal remedies are efficacious.

Ephedra The ephedra indicates that ephedra activates the sympathetic nervous system through its effects on adrenergic receptors. I really see no mechanism through which any of the components of ephedra would decrease the heart rate. Due to the absence of any evidence for this statement, all references to ephedra have been removed.

"Although the effect of a constitutde may be isolated it does not follow that its actions represent the whole herb." This is basically the topic sentnece of the section on constitutents. The whole section is hinting at this idea that herbs cannot be studied through reductive science. I am not going to make any suggestion as to whether this was the intention of the paragraph or not but it is definately my reading of it. While I accept the idea that drugs may have interactions, I think the implication that herbs cannot be studied through reductive science due to such interactions is unwarranted. The drug synergism wikipedia page gives the example of several known drug interactions, the effects of which have presumably been discovered through the use of data concerning observations in medical practice or through controlled studies. It is not difficult to envision a study in which an interaction may be tested for (just give the pateints two drugs and see what happens). Certain statistical tests eg ANOVA may even be used to explicitly test for interactions. As such, this section has been rewritten to reflect the fact that drug interactions may be scientifically tested.JamesStewart7 05:32, 25 October 2007 (UTC)

POV edits and POV tag
I have completed a series of edits relating to POV related changes to this article. I have added teh POV tag because I feel more changes are still necessary. I feel the article as a whole suggests that crude drugs do not necessarily need to be subjected to proper scientific analysis and is disparaging of science in general. For example, the issues section suggests really needs to acknowlege that many crude drugs do not have sufficient emprical support. The following is a list of changes that have been attended to. Please read this before amending any of my recent edits.

Terms like allopathy have no place in this article, as such they have been removed. Furthermore, poorly defined terms such as synergy (which has since been changed to drug synergism) and potentiation, which was used in a similar context as it is used in homeopathy must be adequately defined or removed.

"Although herbs and drugs have been combined for centuries in Asia and Europe, and worldwide most drugs are herbal, the disrupted relationship between traditional herbal medicine and pharmaceutical medicine in the United States has created a climate whereby herbs are considered dangerous to combine with pharmaceuticals and information developed in other countries is not readily available." This implies all herbs are safe and safe to combine with other medications. In fact the whole section this was taken from implies this. Ephedrine, for example, has some pretty strong contraindications against its use with drugs like SNRIs making this statement and the associated section somewhat misleading.

Indexing Issues Controlled Studies section (previously megastudies - changed because megastudies has no meaning) This section is highly POV. The title would suggest that the section would be about the efficacy of some popular crude drugs. Since Pharmacognosy has been defined as the scientific stuy of such drugs, this section should also make reference to the mechanism of action, the active constitutents and the treatments that have developed from these studies. Asprin is a famous case. This section should also be balanced with a brief overview of studies reporting that several crude drugs do not work. Instead, what is present is a criticism, from one person's POV about the nature of scientific analyses, indexing and misinformation. So why has an article on the scientific study of crude drugs devoted so much space to criticising science? Scientific errors must be noted of course but it is also necessary to note that these controlled studies are essentially the only reliable way to test the therepuetic effects of crude drugs.

Antioxidants and Sloan Kettering Memorial Cancer Center The shot the article takes at this group is highly unfair. I managed to collect what I presume is the original Sloan Kettering page the article refers to: http://www.mskcc.org/mskcc/html/69270.cfm. That article is about the ineffectiveness of this "Juice Plus" drink in preventing or treating cancer. The article is for the most part accurate. This is thier reference to antioxidants in cancer treatment "You are undergoing chemotherapy or radiation therapy (High doses of antioxidants are not recommended during chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Because radiation therapy and certain chemotherapy drugs rely on the generation of free radicals to kill cancer cells, high doses of antioxidants might neutralize these free radicals and dampen the therapy's effect)." They did use the word might. It is clearly a speculative statement and they seem to be advising against the use of antioxidants due to what they presented as the unstudied potential for an effect, as per the precuationary principle.

It seems they were wrong about the danger of antioxidant treatment but one of the conclusions of the 2006 article "ANTIOXIDANTS AND OTHER NUTRIENTS DO NOT INTERFERE WITH CHEMOTHERAPY OR RADIATION THERAPY AND CAN INCREASE KILL AND INCREASE SURVIVAL" may be questioned on scientific grounds. All of the studies on antioxidants that that review mentions, except one are observational studies. The one controlled trial that they do references offers this conclusion "The small number of patients in the study precludes a definitive statement. The preliminary results, however, suggest efficient cardioprotection by this cheap and safe antioxidant combination, so that larger studies are warranted for confirmation." It appears to me that the suggestion that antioxidants are helpful and not just not harmful is premature. Article has been modified to reflect this.

Herbological references Herbological appears to be a POV who fails to reference a lot of their claims with empirical evidence. Any reference from the should be presented as opinion. In the event that this that an article from this cite does support its claims with scientific evidence it would be preferable to reference the original source instead.

"Treasures states that this occurs due to what he calls the "cascading effect" of Medline." This paragraph really needs to be balanced. The article suggests that this falso effect is amplified each time it is referred to. In the preceeding example, however, all that happened was a few people repeated the same falsehood that was derived from an improperly reported case study. To call this the "cascading effect of Medline" is to suggest this is a widespread occurance and that scientific studies finding a drug to be harmful cannot be trusted. So the problem is not that the case is mentioned in the article. It is that it is presented as representative of medical practice in general.

Seahorses The article implies that seahorses are medicinal, surrounding reference to seahorses by the term "medicinal species". Medicinal implies efficacy. Since there is no efficacy reference, the term "medicinal species" has been substituted for "plant or animal species which are used for medicinal purposes".

Education section This section continually asserts that pharmacognosy education is readed yet it concedes that there was a "closing of US pharmacognosy classes at the university level". If pharmacognosy is needed and we are really in a "post antibiotic age" (quote removed due to lack of verifiability) this raises the question as to why these classes were closed. One may speculate that this is because of a lack of differention from a standard pharmaceutical course or more likely, the fact that the scientific view on TCM is actually that many of the herbal treatments lack evidence for their efficacy and may be based on questionable logic, "Some doubts about the efficacy of many TCM treatments are based on their apparent basis in inductive reasoning — for example, that plants with heart-shaped leaves will help the heart, or that ground bones of the tiger can function as a stimulant because tigers are energetic animals." Traditional Chinese medicine. This would mean that these courses were closed due to a lack of scientific reason to believe that the majority of unstudied crude drugs are effective, which leaves little room for a univerisity science course. The article must be modified to reflect this, and of course references for the whole education section (particularly the pre 1950 bit) are needed. JamesStewart7 07:23, 25 October 2007 (UTC)

=University of Maryland Medical Center "Websites like that of the University of Maryland Medical Center, which purport to show information on herbal safety show cases that may lack the appropriate pharmacokinetics to produce the adverse results inferred." A quote like this which discredits an organisation is in dire need of a reference. Since appropriate support was lacking, the quote was removedJamesStewart7 08:29, 25 October 2007 (UTC)

Fringe theory and loss of biodiversity section
I'm no expert in this area but a brief "Google" serach reveals that David Theodoropoulos' arguements are of questionable scientific status : http://aob.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/94/1/196. As this is not an article about Invasive species there is no reason to embark on such discussion. Give the status of David Theodoropoulos' the assertion that the truth lies somewhere in between is likely also unwarranted and has similarly been cut. Similarly the implication that the science surrounding invasive species has also been removed. JamesStewart7 07:52, 25 October 2007 (UTC)

Removal of claims of clincial effectivness that are not based on scientific evidence
Case in point: rhinocerous horn... has been shown to have fever reducing properties. A Chinese Herbal Medicine reference is not sufficient to support this claim. It needs a reference from an empirical study. Also previous revision of this section is rather POV "less confrontational Chinese, who ear their medicine denigrated as unscientific often view conservationists as rude and arrogant". While the word "view" was used here this quote still gives a rather unflattering view of Westerners.JamesStewart7 07:52, 25 October 2007 (UTC)

Herb and Drug Interactions
"Ginkgo biloba may have anti-platelet effects, although the results are not clear as it also contains flavanoids that improve blood function." The assertion that flavanoids imporve blood function is questionable and has such been removed and the anti-platlet effect is unsuported. As such this quote has been removed - see wikipedia page on Ginkgo biloba. I also modified the implication that the constitutents of garlic, peppermint and milk thistle may not have an effect in vivo due to synergy, ammending it to the more accurate "it is not clear whether these constitutents will have the same effect in vivo (humans)". The previous implication was based on a synergy concept, which seems to diverge from scientifical knowledge about drug interactions.JamesStewart7 08:29, 25 October 2007 (UTC)

Merge with or cross-reference to articles on phytotherapy and herbalism
It has been suggested that this article be merged with that on phytotherapy. There is also an article on herbalism. If these articles are not merged, they should refer to one another and be clearly disambiguated. Thomas.Hedden (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 19:31, 12 March 2009 (UTC).

It seems to me that phytotherapy and herbalism are very closely related subjects. Perhaps they could be merged. Maybe herbalism has a broader definition. However, I do think pharmacognosy deserves its own article. As I understand it, pharmacognosy is the scientific study of plant constituents and their physiological properties. It is not a clinically oriented discipline like phytotherapy. Perhaps herbalism encompasses both; I don't know for sure. I am very new to Wiki and I don't yet know how the disambiguation process takes place. --Little Flower Eagle (talk) 23:33, 12 March 2009 (UTC)

Marilyn Barrett (Ph.D. in pharmacognosy) has a definition of pharmacognosy here: http://pharmacognosy.com/about.htm She says it includes botany, chemistry and pharmacology As I said on the phytotherapy page, I vote for keeping pharmacognosy separate, and refining and organizing the content of the three articles, so the right information is in the right article. --Little Flower Eagle (talk) 23:54, 12 March 2009 (UTC)

Pharmacognosy should definitely not be merged with either phytotherapy or herbalism. Pharmacognosy is a genuine science, with aspects of chemistry and pharmacology, and a major component of pharmaceutical development and research. Phytotherapy and herbalism are decidedly less scientifically rigorous. — Scientizzle 20:51, 20 November 2009 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Pharmacognosy. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20060622112853/http://seahorse.fisheries.ubc.ca:80/pdfs/parryjones_and_vincent1998_newscientist.html to http://seahorse.fisheries.ubc.ca/pdfs/parryjones_and_vincent1998_newscientist.html

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Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 05:22, 7 January 2016 (UTC)

Removal of sentence for improved readability:
I'm removing the first sentence, regarding Imhotep's supposed plant extractions from the Introduction section, as it is irrelevant and doesn't serve to introduce the topic, much less so preceding the etymology in the rest of the paragraph. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Lumpy Berserk (talk • contribs) 03:41, 25 March 2018 (UTC)

The topic of this journal needs to be created.....
https://www.google.com/search?safe=active&ei=k5qEW6qeJIiGoASN07mICg&q=pharmacognosy+journal&oq=pharmacognosy+journal&gs_l=psy-ab.3..0i67k1j0l9.217677.220101.0.221501.10.9.0.0.0.0.812.1476.5-1j1.2.0....0...1c.1.64.psy-ab..9.1.811....0.xzkRMkkHyco — Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.38.105.161 (talk) 00:49, 28 August 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pharmacognosy


text:
Arthropathy

An arthropathy is a disease of a joint.

Types
Arthritis is a form of arthropathy that involves inflammation of one or more joints, while the term arthropathy may be used regardless of whether there is inflammation or not.

Joint diseases can be classified as follows:
 * Arthritis
 * Infectious arthritis
 * Septic arthritis (infectious)
 * Tuberculosis arthritis
 * Reactive arthritis (indirectly)
 * Noninfectious arthritis
 * Seronegative spondyloarthropathy:
 * Psoriatic arthritis
 * Ankylosing spondylitis
 * Rheumatoid arthritis:''
 * Felty's syndrome
 * Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
 * Adult-onset Still's disease
 * Crystal arthropathy
 * Gout
 * Chondrocalcinosis
 * Osteoarthritis

 * Hemarthrosis (joint bleeding)
 * Synovitis is the medical term for inflammation of the synovial membrane.
 * Joint dislocation

With arthropathy in the name

 * Reactive arthropathy (M02-M03) is caused by an infection, but not a direct infection of the synovial space. (See also Reactive arthritis)
 * Enteropathic arthropathy (M07) is caused by colitis and related conditions.
 * Crystal arthropathy (also known as crystal arthritis) (M10-M11) involves the deposition of crystals in the joint.
 * In gout, the crystal is uric acid.
 * In pseudogout/chondrocalcinosis/calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease, the crystal is calcium pyrophosphate.
 * Diabetic arthropathy (M14.2, E10-E14) is caused by diabetes.
 * Neuropathic arthropathy (M14.6) is associated with a loss of sensation.

Spondylarthropathy is any form of arthropathy of the vertebral column.

Signs and symptoms
Joint pain is a common but non-specific sign of joint disease. Signs will depend on the specific disease, and may even then vary. Common signs may include:
 * Decreased range of motion
 * Stiffness
 * Effusion
 * Pneumarthrosis, air in a joint (which is also a common normal finding).
 * Bone erosion
 * Systemic signs of arthritis such as fatigue

Diagnosis
Diagnosis may be a combination of medical history, physical examination, blood tests and medical imaging (generally X-ray initially).

title: Arthropathy


text:
Yahoo (disambiguation)

Yahoo is a web services provider.

Yahoo may also refer to:

Arts and entertainment

 * Yahoo (Gulliver's Travels), creatures found in the book Gulliver's Travels by Jonathan Swift
 * Yahoo, the name of the fictitious country which is the setting for Bertolt Brecht's 1936 play Round Heads and Pointed Heads
 * Yahoo (band), a Brazilian rock band
 * Yahoo! (song), a song from the 1988 album The Innocents by Erasure
 * Yahoo (album), an Afghan album by Farhad Darya
 * "Yahoo" or "Chahe Koi Mujhe Junglee Kahe", a song by Shankar-Jaikishan and Muhammad Rafi from the 1959 Indian film Junglee
 * Yahoo Serious (born Greg Pead 1953), Australian filmmaker

Animals

 * Yahoo (bird), a popular name for the grey-crowned babbler
 * Yahoo (horse), a successful National Hunt racehorse

Companies

 * Yahoo Software, an American company unrelated to the internet content provider
 * Altaba, the remainder and direct legal successor of the original iteration of "Yahoo! Inc." company after selling off their Internet business and brand
 * Yahoo! Japan

Yahoo! Inc.

 * Yahoo! Inc. (1995–2017), the owner of Yahoo! until 2017 and the original incarnation of Yahoo! Inc.
 * Yahoo! Inc. (2017–present), American technology company, parent company of the Yahoo! portal, and the current incarnation of Yahoo! Inc.

Other uses

 * Yahoo Falls, Kentucky, a historic waterfall
 * Yahoo boy, a nickname for a Nigerian 419 scammer
 * A Ku Klux Klan term used in its tribunal organisations
 * A monster in Aboriginal Australian mythology, possibly the basis for the cryptid Yowie

title: Yahoo (disambiguation)


text:
Charles Zwolsman Jr.

Charles Zwolsman Jr. (born June 15, 1979, in Lelystad, Netherlands) is a race car driver who formerly competed in the Champ Car World Series. He is the son of former sports car racing driver Charles Zwolsman Sr., who competed in the late 1980s and early 1990s.

Zwolsman started racing go karts before competing in Formula Ford, Formula Renault and Formula 3 in Europe. He finished 16th and 17th during his two seasons in the Formula 3 Euro Series before moving his career to the United States.

In 2005 Zwolsman made his debut in the Toyota Atlantic series with Condor Motorsports. The unknown driver made an impression quickly; he was fastest in qualifying in the first race at Long Beach. However, his car failed the technical inspection and he was forced to start last. During the race, he moved up steadily to finish third. Zwolsman went on to win three races that season and clinch the championship over rivals Tõnis Kasemets and Katherine Legge. The newly crowned Atlantic champion made his Champ Car debut in the season finale in Mexico City for Team Australia.

In 2006 he competed in a full season of the Champ Car series with Mi-Jack Conquest Racing, finishing 13th in the season standings with two seventh-place finishes as his best results. He did not return in 2007, and has not competed in American open wheel racing since. In 2009 Zwolsman is driving for the Kolles LMP1 team in the Le Mans Series where he is currently placed 9th in the LMP1 driver standings. The team also ran the 2009 24 Hours of Le Mans, where they placed 7th overall despite team driver Narain Karthikeyan not being able to compete due to a non-racing related injury just prior to the start.

In 2011, Zwolsman Jr. was charged in the Netherlands with involvement in money laundering. According to the prosecutors, Zwolsman jr. has financed his racing career with the proceeds of the criminal activities of his father. The prosecution has asked for a 240-hour community service sentence, a 15-month suspended prison sentence and a 20,000 euro fine. Zwolsman jr. has denied all charges.

Zwolsman jr. proceeded to fight these allegations and after some major investors/sponsors where acquitted in 2013 Zwolsman himself was also cleared of all charges in 2016

Complete Formula 3 Euro Series results
(key)

American open–wheel racing results
(key)

title: Charles Zwolsman Jr.


text: User talk:65.68.238.154

title: User talk:65.68.238.154


text:
Loretto Chapel

The Loretto Chapel is a former Roman Catholic church in Santa Fe, New Mexico, United States, that is now used as a museum and a wedding chapel.

It is known for its unusual helix-shaped spiral staircase (the "Miraculous Stair"). It has been the subject of legend, and the circumstances surrounding its construction and its builder were considered miraculous by the Sisters of Loretto, who credited St. Joseph with its construction.

History
The chapel was commissioned by the Sisters of Loretto for their girls' school, Loretto Academy, in 1873. Archbishop Jean-Baptiste Lamy had brought in two French architects, Antoine Mouly and his son Projectus, to work on the St. Francis Cathedral project, and suggested that the Sisters could make use of their services on the side to build a much-needed chapel for the academy. Projectus ended up being the main architect for the project, basing his Gothic Revival design—complete with spires, buttresses, and stained glass windows imported from France via the Santa Fe Trail—on the famous Sainte-Chapelle in Paris. The chapel was built from locally quarried sandstone and took five years to complete, being officially consecrated in 1878.

Loretto Chapel was used on a daily basis by the students and nuns of Loretto Academy until the school closed in 1968. Afterwards, it became a privately owned museum and wedding venue, while the rest of the Academy campus was demolished.

Description
Loretto Chapel is best known for its helix-shaped staircase (nicknamed "Miraculous Stair"), which rises 20 ft to the choir loft while making two full turns, all without the support of a newel or central pole. The staircase is built mostly out of wood and is held together by wooden pegs, with no glue, nails or other hardware used. The inner stringer consists of seven wooden segments joined together with pegs, while the longer outer stringer has nine segments. The exact wood used to build the staircase has been confirmed to be a type of spruce which is not native to New Mexico and scientifically not identified anywhere else in the world.

There are 33 stairs, which has been noted to be the age of Christ at the time of his death.

The handrails were added later, in 1887, and an iron bracket was later attached to a column to add additional support. The staircase is supported by an inner wood stringer.

Apart from any claims of its miraculous nature, the staircase has been described as a remarkable feat of woodworking. According to a Washington Post column by Tim Carter: "'It's a magnificent work of art that humbles me as a master carpenter. To create a staircase like this using modern tools would be a feat. It's mind-boggling to think about constructing such a marvel with crude hand tools, no electricity and minimal resources.'"

According to another professional carpenter, who was interviewed by Ben Radford for his book Mysterious New Mexico: "'The execution is just incredible. The theory of how to do it, to bend it around in a two-turn spiral, that's some difficult arithmetic there.'"

History
The staircase was built sometime between 1877 and 1881. By this point the chapel was substantially complete but still lacking access to the choir loft, possibly due to the unexpected death of the architect, Projectus Mouly, in 1879.

According to the version of events passed down by the Sisters of Loretto, multiple builders were consulted but were not able to find a workable solution due to the confined quarters. In response, the nuns prayed for nine straight days to St. Joseph, the patron saint of carpenters. On the last day of the novena, a mysterious stranger appeared and offered to build the staircase. He worked alone using only a few simple hand tools and disappeared afterwards without collecting his pay or the Sisters learning his identity. More fantastical versions of the story have the work taking place overnight, while according to others it took six to eight months.

The finished staircase was an impressive work of carpentry, seeming to defy physics as it ascended 20 ft without any obvious means of support. The Sisters of Loretto viewed its construction as a miracle and believed that the mysterious builder must have been St. Joseph himself. As the story spread, the staircase became one of Santa Fe's most famous tourist attractions.

The staircase as originally built lacked handrails and was reportedly so frightening to descend that some of the nuns and students did so on their hands and knees. Eventually, railings were added in 1887 by another craftsman, Phillip August Hesch. The stairs have been mostly closed to the public since the chapel became a privately-run museum in the 1960s.

Physical aspects

The staircase lacks the newel or central pole usually used to support and stabilize a spiral staircase, and therefore the means of supporting the weight is not obvious. However, the staircase is supported by its stringers just like a conventional (straight) staircase, although in this case each stringer is twisted into a helix. Observers have also noted that the inside stringer has such a tight radius that it is able to function similarly to a straight center support. According to an analysis by a professional carpenter in Mysterious New Mexico, the assembly of the stringers from overlapping segments joined by wood glue creates a laminate that is actually stronger than the wood alone. Additionally, the use of wooden pegs rather than nails prevents degradation of the joints due to compression set as the wood swells against the nails due to changes in humidity or temperature.

Although the staircase as built lacked any external bracing, an iron support bracket was added in 1887 at the same time as the railings. This may have been intended to limit the degree of vertical travel arising from the helical shape, which effectively makes the staircase behave as a giant coil spring and is part of the reason spiral staircases usually have a central support. Even after this modification, users of the staircase reported "a certain amount of springiness". Nevertheless, it was able to hold a significant amount of weight, as attested by a photo taken around 1959 of at least 12 choir members posing on the steps.

Identity of the builder
In the early 2000s, amateur historian Mary Jean Cook theorized the probable builder of the staircase as François-Jean "Frank" or "Frenchy" Rochas (1843–1894), a reclusive rancher and occasional carpenter who came to New Mexico from France around the 1870s. A key piece of evidence was a short article in the Santa Fe New Mexican in 1895 describing his death by murder, which noted: "'He was a Frenchman, and was favorably known in Santa Fe as an expert worker in wood. He build [sic] the handsome stair-case in the Loretto chapel and at St. Vincent sanitarium.'"

Cook also found an entry in the Sisters' logbook stating that Rochas had been paid US$150 for "wood" in 1881, confirming that he had done some type of carpentry work for them. At the time of his death, Rochas reportedly owned an extensive set of carpentry tools including: "'five saws, a saw clamp and set, nine planes, nineteen moulding planes, two squares, five gauges, six chisels, two gouges, a draw knife, a brace, three augers, ten auger bits, a reamer, two clamps, and a pair of trammel points (for drawing large circles)'"

Others have disputed Cook's theory. Writer John Clark stated that the memo in the logbook read "Paid for wood — Mr. Rochas for N. School" and contends this refers to a nearby school the sisters hired him to build, and that the logbook makes no mention of a staircase.

Similar stairs
Although the design of the Loretto stairs is highly unusual, other spiral staircases without center supports are known to exist. One example can be found at the Old Washoe Club in Virginia City, Nevada, which also dates to the 1870s. This staircase was described by Ripley's Believe It or Not! as "the longest of its kind without a supporting pole", although it has fewer turns than the Loretto staircase.

Further afield, another staircase is in the Gdańsk Town Hall in Poland, which was reported to the New Mexican in 1944 by a government official named Bonnie Foster. The paper wrote: "'It is tall, spiral, and without steel nails, but the wood is different. It is in the town hall, of the 14th to the 16th century. How it was constructed, and whether there is a miracle story back of it, Mrs. Foster could not say. But she declared it is strikingly like St. Joseph's in design.'"

Loretto Academy
Loretto Academy was founded in 1853 and continued to operate until 1968. Afterward, the previously all-male St. Michael's High School turned co-ed in order to accommodate the Academy's female students.

In popular culture
The story was the subject of the 1998 television film The Staircase, starring Barbara Hershey and William Petersen.

The case was investigated and subsequently re-enacted in the Unsolved Mysteries episode "Miracle Staircase.”

Young-adult author Ann Rinaldi based her book The Staircase on the Loretto Chapel.

Television show The UnXplained Investigated the spiral staircase in episode "Mysterious Structures".

title: Loretto Chapel


text:
Ranks of the People's Liberation Army Navy

The ranks in the Chinese People's Liberation Army Navy are similar to those of the People's Liberation Army Ground Force, except that those of the PLA Navy are prefixed by 海军 (Hai Jun) meaning Naval Force or Navy. See Ranks of the People's Liberation Army or the article on an individual rank for details on the evolution of rank and insignia in the PLAN. This article primarily covers the existing ranks and insignia.

From 1956 to 1965, similar insignia were used following the Soviet model, but unlike the Ground and Air Forces, PLAN ratings used shoulder boards for rank insignia. Line corps officers wore gold and blue shoulder boards on the dress uniform, staff corps officers white and blue. The duty uniform boards were a reverse of the dress uniform boards.

Officer ranks
The current system of officer ranks and insignia dates from 1988 and is a revision of the ranks and insignia used from 1955 to 1965. The rank of Hai Jun Yi Ji Shang Jiang (First Class Admiral) was never held and was abolished in 1994. With the official introduction of the Type 07 uniforms all officer insignia are on either shoulders or sleeves depending on the type of uniform used.

Enlisted and non-commissioned rates
The current system of enlisted ratings and their corresponding insignia dates from 2009.

Unlike NATO countries, new recruits of the People's Liberation Army have no military ranks before the boot camp is completed, and they will be awarded the rank of Private/Seaman Apprentice/Airman (All collectively called "Private" or "Lie Bing" in the Chinese Language) after they have graduated from the boot camp. According to Article 16 of Chapter 3 of the "Regulations on the Service of Active Soldiers of the Chinese People's Liberation Army", "The lowest enlisted rank is Private".


text:
John Cramer

John Cramer may refer to:

 * John Cramer (announcer) (born 1955), American television announcer
 * John Cramer (representative) (1779–1870), US Representative from New York
 * John Cramer (priest) (1793–1848), English classical scholar and geographer
 * John G. Cramer (born 1934), professor of physics at the University of Washington in Seattle, SF author
 * John Cramer (Australian politician) (1896–1994), member of the Australian House of Representatives, 1949–1974

title: John Cramer


text:
Wolmar Anton von Schlippenbach

Wolmar Anton von Schlippenbach (23 February 1653 – 27 March 1721) was Governor General of Swedish Estonia from 1704 to 1706.

Born in Livonia into the Schlippenbach noble family, he participated as a captain in the Swedish army during the Scanian War under Charles XI and later served as a major in Swedish Pomerania and Prussia. In 1688, he was promoted to lieutenant colonel in governor Soop's regiment in Riga; in 1693, he was transferred to young prince Charles's Life Guards regiment in Stockholm.

When the Great Northern War broke out after the prince was crowned as Charles XII, Schlippenbach raised a regiment of dragoons in Livonia, of which he became the colonel. When Charles broke winter camp at Dorpat (present-day Tartu) and headed towards Riga in early 1701, Schlippenbach was left behind to defend the Livonian border. He won the battle of Rauge on 5 September 1701 and was subsequently promoted to major general, but was then defeated by a large Russian force under Boris Sheremetev at Erastfer on 30 December the same year and at Sagnitz and Hummelshof on 19 July 1702. In 1703, he had to transfer a good part of his forces to reinforce Lewenhaupt's in Kurland. This left him powerless to prevent Narva and Dorpat from falling into Russian hands in 1704, the same year he was named Governor General in Reval (present-day Tallinn).

When Lewenhaupt marched into Russia in 1708, Schlippenbach followed as colonel of his dragoon regiment. At the battle of Poltava, he led a reconnaissance cavalry squad on the right wing and was captured. He was released from the Russian captivity in 1712, began serving Russia in the rank of general-major in 1712, was promoted to the rank of general-lieutenant in 1714 and died in 1721.

title: Wolmar Anton von Schlippenbach


text:
User talk:69.142.236.109

Proposed deletion of Live in Chicago (EP)

The article Live in Chicago (EP) has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Fails WP:NALBUM"

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Donald D23  talk to me  02:13, 22 April 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:69.142.236.109


text:
User talk:Corypark

Reply
All right, all right, I belive you. :) And with a second look, you were adding good content, no problem. :)DARTH SIDIOUS 2 (Contact) 12:26, 30 August 2010 (UTC)

Reply
All right, I am sorry if I reverted and warned you mistakenly. Perhaps you were right, on the other hand. Pardon me, but I think it was a case like that I looked at your edit quickly and it looked like vandalism, althought it wasn't. Sorry for the mess. DARTH SIDIOUS 2 (Contact) 12:21, 2 September 2010 (UTC)

 * Heh, no problem. :) And still once my apologies. DARTH SIDIOUS 2 (Contact) 12:35, 2 September 2010 (UTC)

The Libertine
Hi. I know you worked hard on the plot section of The Libertine (2004 film), but it was way too long. I cut it down considerably, then it was flagged by someone else as still too long, so it's been edited more. This may make you unhappy when you see it; I didn't want you to go to the page and be surprised or distressed, so I'm letting you know here. I, too, love this film, so I sympathise with your desire to have so much detail on the page, but it just had to be shorter. My notes from the history are expanded on the talk page. --TEHodson 07:37, 14 October 2010 (UTC)

 * After I edited The Libertine's plot down, I left a message on the talk page of the editor who had flagged it as too long. This is what he answered me (this has been cut and pasted from my talk page, where you are welcome to view it yourself--you can also go to Yworo's talk page to see what I wrote there): "To answer your question, here's the WikiProject Films plot guidelines, which gives 400 to 700 words as the suggested length. They are supposed to be summaries that don't go too deep into detail. IIRC, when I tagged it it was still around 1100 words. It's now 798 words, not so long that I'd tag it. Your work trimming plot summaries is appreciated. Yworo (talk) 09:40, 15 October 2010 (UTC)"

 * If you have left it where it was when this message was left, it'll be fine, but if you go back and lengthen it again, it will get tagged again, and someone else will shorten it again. Personally, I find it best and easiest to do things the "Wiki" way, as if I don't, things just get reverted or argued with and it's a huge pain in the ass that goes on forever. There are web sites dedicated (elswhere) to discussing The Libertine for pages (see the bottom of Wiki's page for links), and if that's what you want to do, maybe doing it there would be more satisfying. I'm a filmmaker and I appreciate your arguments, but this is an encyclopedia, not a film-discussion forum, so there have to be rules otherwise everyone who loves a film would go on for pages about it, without necessarily satisfying the (usually limited) requirements of a person who just wants to check it out briefly. Each one of us loves different bits and, for example, in your 1400 word version of the "plot summary" you didn't once mention Rochester's relationship with his wife. Someone else might want to discuss that in detail, without all the witty quotes you want in there, and it would get ridiculously long as everyone added in there favorite bits. It would take longer to read about the film than to watch it. The idea here is to create a brief snapshot of the movie (album, whatever) for the passing reader's information. This is not the place to discuss the film's subtleties. I hope you can live with it as it is. There is an on-going effort to tighten up all the film plot summaries, by the way, to expect to see this a great deal. Please sign your comments on talk pages, by the way. Thanks. --TEHodson 22:52, 26 October 2010 (UTC)

 * I also wanted to say that I appreciate your not wanting to get into a fight. Such amicability is why I came to your talk page to let you know what had happened (an increasingly rare courtesy on these pages, where we're mostly left to discover that someone has undone all our hard work). I'm not in any way telling you not to lengthen it again, only reminding you that it's likely to be futile. Take care. --TEHodson 23:09, 26 October 2010 (UTC)

Your recent edits
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Notification: changes to "Mark my edits as minor by default" preference
Hello there. This is an automated message to tell you about the gradual phasing out of the preference entitled "Mark all edits minor by default", which you currently have enabled.

On 13 March 2011, this preference was hidden from the user preferences screen as part of efforts to prevent its accidental misuse (consensus discussion). This had the effect of locking users in to their existing preference, which, in your case, was. To complete the process, your preference will automatically be changed to  in the next few days. This does not require any intervention on your part and you will still be able to manually mark your edits as being 'minor'. The only thing that's changed is that you will no longer be able to have them marked as minor by default. For more information on what a minor edit is, see WP:MINOR or feel to get in touch.

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Recent edits to 1812 Overture
Hello, and thank you for your recent contributions. I appreciate the effort you made for our project, but unfortunately I had to undo your edits because I believe the article was better before you made that change. Feel free to contact me directly if you have any questions. Thank you! Tushi Talk To Me  14:33, 2 January 2017 (UTC)

title: User talk:Corypark


text:
Joe Bastardi

Joe Bastardi (born July 18, 1955) is a professional meteorologist and weather forecaster. He is a frequent guest on TV news shows. Bastardi is an outspoken denier of human-induced global warming whose public statements frequently contradict the scientific consensus on climate change.

Biography
Bastardi was born in Providence, Rhode Island. He spent his childhood moving frequently, first to Texas in 1960, then to Somers Point, New Jersey in 1965. He enrolled at Penn State University, where he was a member of the varsity wrestling team. He graduated with a bachelor's degree in meteorology in 1978. In 1992 Bastardi married Jessica Jane Strunck, also a Penn State graduate. They have a son Garrett (born 1996) and a daughter Jessica (born 1998). In his free time, Bastardi enjoys bodybuilding, and has won the NABBA American Bodybuilding Championships.

Bastardi worked for AccuWeather from 1978 until February 2011. He joined WeatherBell Analytics LLC as Chief Forecaster in March 2011.

His work
Bastardi's forecasts were previously offered free to the public on AccuWeather's main site. However, in the early 2000s, AccuWeather launched its "professional site," and his forecasts were made available to paying subscribers only, up until his departure from AccuWeather in 2011. Despite his recent focus on private forecasting, Bastardi occasionally appears on cable news channels, such as CNN and Fox News.

Bastardi produced several weather analysis videos, including "Bastardi's Big Dog" and "Long Ranger". His Long Ranger video features his thoughts on long-range trends. In addition to his videos, Bastardi contributed to official AccuWeather press releases, such as annual winter forecasts. Bastardi wrote a column that summarized his views in the videos. Bastardi sometimes contributed columns several times a day when a storm is approaching. He maintains that he has not taken a day off since 2002, including "Christmas and Easter."

Bastardi is currently a Chief Forecaster at WeatherBELL Analytics LLC. At WeatherBELL Analytics he provides frequently updated blog postings and videos on the weather through WeatherBELL Premium, as well as services for commercial clients. Bastardi prefers to make definitive, rather than probabilistic, predictions.

Stance on global warming
Bastardi is an outspoken denier of human-induced global warming. He has written books describing his views, which are sharply at odds with the scientific consensus on the topic.

Among Bastardi's positions that are at odds with the science: he has asserted that the world was warmer in the 1930s than today, that the human contribution of carbon dioxide is too small to have any effect, and that warming is caused by sunspots and exchange with warmer oceans. He argues in his columns that extreme weather events occur naturally and that there is not enough evidence to state that such events are unusual. In 2011, Bastardi wrote that, as he had predicted three years earlier, global average temperature was falling, and by 2030 would return to levels seen in the late 1970s due to the "triple-crown of cooling" comprising oceanic temperature cycles, solar radiation cycles, and volcanic activity.

Bastardi asserts that the changes due to carbon dioxide are tiny compared to other factors so it cannot cause global warming. He writes "In the entire geological history of the planet, there has been no known linkage between and temperatures." Bastardi also states that carbon dioxide cannot cause global warming because this would violate the first law of thermodynamics. He has further explained: "cannot cause global warming. I'll tell you why. It doesn't mix well with the atmosphere, for one. For two, its specific gravity is 1 1/2 times that of the rest of the atmosphere. It heats and cools much quicker. Its radiative processes are much different. So it cannot -- it literally cannot cause global warming. --- Joe Bastardi, Fox Business, March 9, 2012."

Bastardi is a signatory to the Manhattan Declaration on Climate Change, which asserts "there is no convincing evidence that emissions from modern industrial activity has in the past, is now, or will in the future cause catastrophic climate change."

Physicist Richard A. Muller states that Bastardi's explanation of is "completely wrong" and "even skeptics of global warming, if they know physics, would disagree with him."

Bastardi and science popularizer Bill Nye have clashed over climate change. In 2010 they debated on Fox TV. In 2015–2016 Bastardi and Nye publicly challenged each other with predictions of mean global surface temperature in the near term.

title: Joe Bastardi


text:
Coal River

Coal River may refer to:

 * Rivers
 * Coal River (Canada), in Yukon and British Columbia
 * Coal River (Fiordland), in New Zealand
 * Coal River (Canterbury), in New Zealand
 * Coal River (West Virginia), in the United States
 * Coal River (Tasmania), in Australia

 * Other
 * Coal River (book), a 2008 nonfiction book about mountaintop removal mining in the United States
 * Coal River was the early name for the Australian settlement which became Newcastle, New South Wales

title: Coal River


text:
The Ultimate Collection (The Who album)

The Ultimate Collection is a 2002 two-disc greatest hits set by the Who with both singles and top hits from albums, all of which have been remastered. The compilation was released by Polydor Records internationally and on MCA Records in the U.S. The first 150,000 copies added a third disk with rare tracks and music videos. The album debuted on the Billboard 200 album chart on 29 June 2002, at No. 31 and hit No. 17 on the British charts. It was certified gold by the RIAA on 15 July 2002 and platinum on 13 March 2008.

Track listing
All songs written by Pete Townshend except where noted.

Personnel

 * The Who
 * Roger Daltrey – lead vocals
 * John Entwistle – bass guitar, horn, lead vocals on "Boris the Spider", "My Wife" and "The Quiet One", backing vocals
 * Pete Townshend – guitar, vocals, synthesizer, keyboards
 * Keith Moon – drums, percussion (UK: disc 1 & disc 2 tracks 1-11/US: disc 1 & disc 2 tracks 1–12), backing vocals on "Pictures of Lily"
 * Kenney Jones – drums (UK: disc 2 tracks 12-17/US: disc 2 tracks 13 & 14)

 * Additional musicians
 * The Ivy League - backing vocals on "I Can't Explain"
 * Jimmy Page - rhythm guitar on "I Can't Explain"
 * Nicky Hopkins - piano on "Let's See Action" and "Long Live Rock"
 * Dave Arbus – violin on "Baba O'Riley"
 * Rod Argent – piano on "Who Are You"
 * Andy Fairweather Low – backing vocals on "Who Are You"
 * Chris Stainton – piano on "5:15"

 * Production
 * Jon Astley – mastering
 * Glyn Johns – associate production on "Behind Blue Eyes," "Won't Get Fooled Again" and "Baba O'Riley", production on "Squeeze Box", "Who Are You", "Athena" and "Eminence Front"
 * Matt Kent – liner notes
 * Kit Lambert – production on "I'm a Boy", "Happy Jack", "I Can See for Miles", "Magic Bus", and "See Me Feel Me"
 * Shel Talmy – production on "I Can't Explain", "My Generation", and "The Kids Are Alright"
 * Bill Szymczyk – production on "You Better You Bet", "Don't Let Go The Coat", "The Quiet One" and "Another Tricky Day"
 * The Who – production on "Summertime Blues", "Behind Blue Eyes", "Won't Get Fooled Again", "5:15", and "Love Reign o'er Me"
 * Design & Art Direction by Richard Evans

title: The Ultimate Collection (The Who album)


text: User talk:69.237.181.35

title: User talk:69.237.181.35


text:
Talk:Buffy the vampire slayer monsters

Rename
I would recommend renaming this page to conform to the Wikipedia standards for "List of..." to List of monsters from Buffy the Vampire Slayer. Just a suggestion! ;-)  Roby Wayne  Talk •  Hist 22:26, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

Heck, I think its name should be changed to "List of Monsters from Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Angel", simply to save room. It's the same basic world, afterall... Majin Gojira

Expansion
Further thoughts -- should there be a summary of what the monsters/creatures are? Do they all need a seperate article. one or two line description would suffice, stating a description, basic powers and when/where they appeared. Majin Gojira

title: Talk:Buffy the vampire slayer monsters