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List of people from St. Louis

This is a list of notable people from St. Louis or St. Louis County in the U.S. state of Missouri. The dates in parentheses represent lifespan, not necessarily dates of actual residence in the city.

A

 * Janet Adair (c. 1892–1938), vaudeville and musical comedy performer
 * Brooke Adams (born 1984), professional wrestler, best known as Brooke Tessmacher
 * Akon (born 1973), real name Aliaune Damala Badara Akon Thiam, musician
 * Matt Alber (born 1975), singer-songwriter, musician
 * Wilhelm Albers (1840–1904), Wisconsin State Assemblyman
 * Devon Alexander (born 1987), professional boxer, IBF welterweight world champion
 * Raleigh DeGeer Amyx (1938–2019), collector of Olympic and Presidential memorabilia
 * Maya Angelou (1928–2014), poet, playwright, memoirist (I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings)
 * Eberhard Anheuser (1805–1880), businessman, owner of company that would become Anheuser-Busch
 * Donald K. Anton (born 1960), Chair of International Law at Griffith University
 * Henry Armstrong (1912–1988), professional boxer, welterweight champion 1938–1940
 * Dick Ault (1925–2007), track and field athlete

B

 * Josephine Baker (1906–1975), dancer, singer, actress, Légion d'Honneur appointee, civil rights activist
 * Scott Bakula (born 1954), actor (Quantum Leap, Star Trek: Enterprise)
 * James F. Ballard (1851–1931), pharmaceutical entrepreneur, and art collector
 * Thomas P. Barnett (1870–1929), architect and impressionist painter
 * Tom Barlow (1995), who was a professional player for MLS NYRB.
 * Fontella Bass (1940–2012), soul and R&B singer ("Rescue Me")
 * Bradley Beal (born 1993), guard for the Phoenix Suns of the National Basketball Association
 * Cool Papa Bell (1903–1991), Negro league baseball player, Hall of Fame member
 * Katherine Bernhardt (born 1975), Contemporary artist, painter
 * Robert Benecke (1835–1903), early photographer
 * Graham Bensinger (born 1986), sports journalist for ESPN Radio
 * Sally Benson (1897–1972), author whose short stories became the book, then movie, Meet Me in St. Louis
 * Yogi Berra (1925–2015), Major League Baseball player (New York Yankees 1946–1963), manager, coach, Hall of Famer
 * Chuck Berry (1926–2017), Rock and Roll Hall of Fame musician and composer ("Johnny B. Goode")
 * Fred Berry (1951–2003), actor (What's Happening!!)
 * Joe Besser (1907–1988), actor, comedian, member of The Three Stooges
 * Alan Best (1906–1953), Illinois state representative
 * Jud Birza (born 1989), model, winner of Survivor: Nicaragua
 * Linda Blair (born 1959), actress (The Exorcist)
 * Fred Blassie (1918–2003), professional wrestler
 * Sean Blakemore (born 1967), actor, Shawn Butler on ABC's General Hospital
 * Henry Blossom (1866–1919), novelist and playwright, opera librettist, and lyricist for Broadway musicals.
 * Susan Blow (1843–1916), educator, opened first successful public kindergarten in the U.S.
 * Jason Bolden (born 1982), celebrity fashion stylist and television personality
 * Michele Boldrin (born 1956), Italian-American politician, economist, academic
 * Kit Bond (born 1939), U.S. Senator from Missouri
 * Metro Boomin (born 1993), record producer
 * Daniel Boone (1734–1820), explorer, hunter, soldier, businessman, politician
 * Evan Bourne (born 1983), WWE professional wrestler
 * Dylan Brady (born 1993), musician
 * Martin Stanislaus Brennan (1845–1927), Catholic priest and scientist
 * Christine Brewer (born 1955), Grammy Award winner, soprano
 * Lottie Briscoe (1883–1950), stage and silent film actress
 * Lou Brock (1939–2020), Major League Baseball player (St. Louis Cardinals 1964–1979), Hall of Famer
 * Shirley Brown (born 1947), soul/R&B singer ("Woman to Woman")
 * Sterling K. Brown (born 1976), actor
 * Steve Brown (born 1962), darts player
 * Butch Buchholz (born 1940), Hall of Fame tennis player
 * Jack Buck (1924–2002), Hall of Fame sportscaster, St. Louis Cardinals' announcer 1969–2002
 * Joe Buck (born 1969), sportscaster, football and baseball announcer for Fox, son of Jack Buck
 * Mark Buehrle (born 1979), Major League Baseball pitcher (Chicago White Sox, Toronto Blue Jays)
 * Grace Bumbry (born 1937), opera singer
 * Nelle G. Burger (1869–1957), president, Missouri State Woman's Christian Temperance Union
 * T-Bone Burnett (born 1948), rock and country performer, composer, and producer
 * William S. Burroughs (1914–1997), novelist, social critic, spoken-word performer; grandson of inventor William Seward Burroughs I
 * William Seward Burroughs I (1855–1898), inventor of the adding machine, founder of Burroughs Corporation; grandfather of novelist William S. Burroughs
 * Adolphus Busch (1839–1913), co-founder of Anheuser-Busch with father-in-law Eberhard Anheuser
 * Adolphus Busch III (1891–1946), president and CEO of Anheuser-Busch; son of August Anheuser Busch, Sr.
 * August Anheuser Busch, Sr. (1865–1934), president and CEO of Anheuser-Busch; son of Adolphus Busch
 * Gussie Busch (August Anheuser Busch, Jr.) (1899–1989), president and CEO of Anheuser-Busch, civic leader, philanthropist
 * August Busch III (born 1937), president and CEO of Anheuser-Busch, civic leader
 * August Busch IV (born 1964), president and CEO of Anheuser-Busch, civic leader
 * Cori Bush (born 1976), U.S. Representative from Missouri
 * Champ Butler (1926–1992), singer
 * Norbert Leo Butz (born 1967), Tony Award-winning actor
 * Jim Byrnes (born 1948), actor and musician (Wiseguy, Highlander: The Series)
 * Joaquin Buckley (born 1994) Mixed martial arts fighter

C

 * Caroline Thomas Rumbold, (1877–1949), botanist
 * Thomas Cahill (1864–1951), athlete, coach, businessman; a founding father of American soccer
 * Haydee Campbell (d. 1921), kindergarten pioneer in St. Louis
 * Kate Capshaw (born 1953), actress (Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom), wife of Steven Spielberg
 * Chip Caray (born 1965), sportscaster for Chicago Cubs, Atlanta Braves and Fox
 * Harry Caray (1914–1998), sportscaster, lead announcer for the St. Louis Cardinals (1945–1969) and Chicago Cubs (1981–1997)
 * Skip Caray (1939–2008), sportscaster, announcer for the Atlanta Braves (1976–2008)
 * Nell Carter (1948–2003), Tony Award-winning singer and actress (Ain't Misbehavin')
 * Lucille Cavanagh (1895–1983), vaudeville dancer, later columnist for the Los Angeles Times
 * Louis Cella (1866–1918), capitalist, real estate mogul, turfman, and political financier
 * Lori Chalupny (born 1984), U.S. women's national soccer team member
 * Cedric the Entertainer (born 1964), actor and comedian
 * Jean Baptiste Charbonneau (1805–1866), explorer, guide, fur trader, military scout, mayor, and gold prospector, born to Sacagawea during the Lewis and Clark Expedition and raised in St. Louis by William Clark
 * John Cheatham (1855–1918), American firefighter
 * C. J. Cherryh (born 1942), science-fiction novelist
 * Chingy (born 1980), real name Howard Bailey, Jr., hip-hop recording artist and actor
 * Kate Chopin (1851–1904), novelist (The Awakening)
 * Auguste Chouteau (1740–1829), co-founder of St. Louis, urban planner, businessman, civic leader
 * David Clarenbach (born 1953), member of Wisconsin State Assembly
 * William Clark (1770–1838), explorer, government administrator
 * Sarah Clarke (born 1972), actress (24)
 * Mac Cody (born 1972), football player in NFL, CFL, AFL
 * Cynthia Coffman (born 1962), American murderer
 * Andy Cohen (born 1968), television executive and personality at Bravo network, one of the first openly gay talk-show hosts
 * Barry Commoner (1917–2012), biologist, college professor, eco-socialist, and presidential candidate
 * Arthur Compton (1892–1962), physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics 1927
 * Jimmy Connors (born 1952), professional tennis player, 5-time U.S. Open winner in men's singles
 * Bert Convy (1933–1991), actor and game-show host
 * Sam Coonrod (born 1992), major league pitcher
 * Carl Ferdinand Cori (1896–1984); Gerty Cori (1896–1957), biochemists, joint Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1947
 * Zlatko Ćosić (born 1972), artist and filmmaker
 * Bob Costas (born 1952), sportscaster, talk-show host
 * Bryan Cox (born 1968), NFL linebacker 1991–2002
 * Jim Cox (1920–2014), professional football player
 * Lavell Crawford (born 1968), stand-up comedian, actor
 * Anton Crihan (1893–1993), Romanian politician, professor at University of Paris (Sorbonne)
 * James Cuno (born 1951), art historian and museum director

D

 * Paul Dana (1975–2006), IndyCar Series driver
 * John Danforth (born 1936), statesman, diplomat, attorney, civic leader, U.S. Senator 1977–1995
 * William H. Danforth (1870–1956), founder of Ralston Purina Company; grandfather of John Danforth and William H. "Bill" Danforth
 * William H. "Bill" Danforth (1926–2020), physician, professor of medicine, and chancellor of Washington University in St. Louis 1971–1995
 * Billy Davis Jr. (born 1938), R&B and soul singer, member of The 5th Dimension
 * Brad Davis (born 1981), professional soccer player
 * Dwight F. Davis (1879–1945), athlete, government administrator
 * Miles Davis (1926–1991), jazz composer and musician, winner of Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award
 * April Daye (born 1937), burlesque dancer, fine arts painter, recording artist and jazz singer
 * Dizzy Dean (1910–1974), baseball pitcher, broadcaster
 * Dan Dierdorf (born 1949), football player, broadcaster
 * Phyllis Diller (1917–2012), comedian
 * John Doerr (born 1951), venture capitalist
 * Domino (born 1972), real name Shawn Antoine Ivy, rapper, born in St. Louis
 * Colin Donnell (born 1982), actor, Arrow
 * Thom Donovan (born 1974), musician (Lapush)
 * Don Doran (born 1954), retired professional soccer player
 * Jack Dorsey (born 1976), software architect and businessperson, creator of Twitter and Square
 * Bob Dotson (born 1946), broadcast journalist, NBC correspondent
 * Tyler Downs (born 2003), U.S. Olympic diver
 * Dora Doxey (1879–1921), accused of murder in 1909; found not guilty
 * Katherine Dunham (1909–2006), dancer
 * Tim Dunigan (born 1955), actor
 * Mary Alice Dwyer-Dobbin (fl. 1972), television producer

E

 * James Eads (1820–1887), engineer
 * Thomas Eagleton (1929–2007), statesman, attorney, civic leader
 * Charles Eames (1907–1978), designer, filmmaker
 * Oliver Eckhardt (1873-1952), actor
 * William C. Edenborn (1848–1926), industrialist and inventor
 * Jonathan Edwards (born 1944), singer member of The Spinners (American group)
 * T. S. Eliot (1888–1965), poet (Nobel Prize, Presidential Medal of Freedom), critic
 * William Greenleaf Eliot (1811–1887), educator, medical reformer, civil rights activist; grandfather of T. S. Eliot
 * Ezekiel Elliott (born 1995), Professional Football player Dallas Cowboys
 * Stanley Elkin (1930–1995), author
 * Mary Engelbreit (born 1952), artist
 * Glennon Engleman (1927–1999), hitman
 * Walker Evans (1903–1975), photographer
 * Steve Ewing (fl. 1987), singer/actor, The Urge

F

 * Max Factor (1904–1996), cosmetics maker
 * Lee Falk (1911–1999), comic strip creator
 * Eugene Field (1850–1895), author
 * Shandi Finnessey (born 1978), Miss USA 2004
 * Jenna Fischer (born 1974), actress
 * Jamar Fletcher (born 1979), professional football player
 * Jason Fletcher (born 1975), sports agent
 * Ellen Foley (born 1951), singer, actress
 * Mike Ford (born 1995), professional football player
 * Richard Fortus (born 1966), musician, Guns N' Roses
 * Redd Foxx (1922–1991), comedian, actor
 * Malcolm Frager (1935–1991), concert pianist
 * James Franciscus (1934–1991), actor (Mr. Novak, Longstreet)
 * Clint Frank (1915–1992), college football halfback, Heisman Trophy winner in 1937
 * Mary Frann (1943–1998), actress (Newhart)
 * Jonathan Franzen (born 1959), author
 * Trent Frederic (born 1998), ice hockey player
 * David Freese (born 1983), baseball player
 * Jaime French (born 1989), comedian, YouTuber, make-up artist
 * Tom Friedman (born 1965), artist

G

 * Bob Gale (born 1951), screenwriter, film producer
 * Alberta Gallatin (1861–1948), stage and screen actress, raised in St. Louis
 * Charles Henry Galloway (1871–1931), St. Louis organist, choral conductor, educator, and composer
 * Pud Galvin (1856–1902), Major League Baseball player
 * Joe Garagiola (1926–2016), baseball player, sportscaster, television personality, author
 * Jan Garavaglia (born 1956), Chief Medical Examiner of the District 9 Morgue in Orlando, Florida; television personality
 * Dave Garroway (1913–1982), television personality, first host of NBC's Today Show
 * William H. Gass (1924–2017), author, critic
 * Martha Gellhorn (1908–1998), author and journalist; third wife of Ernest Hemingway
 * Richard Gephardt (born 1941), politician
 * Steve Gerber (1947–2008), comic-book writer, co-creator of Howard the Duck
 * Frances Ginsberg (1955–2010), opera singer
 * David Giuntoli (born 1981), actor
 * Nikki Glaser (born 1984), comedian
 * Martin Goldsmith (born 1952), music writer and radio personality
 * Sam Gomez (born 2002), soccer player who play for St. Louis City 2.
 * John Goodman (born 1952), actor
 * Harry Goz (1932–2003), actor, Sealab 2021
 * Betty Grable (1916–1973), actress
 * Grant Green (1935–1979), jazz guitarist
 * Trent Green (born 1970), football player
 * Frank S. Greene (1938–2009), Semiconductor researcher and technologist
 * Dick Gregory (1932–2017), author, comedian, civil rights
 * Eric Greitens (born 1974), 56th Governor of Missouri
 * Kim Gruenenfelder (fl. 1992), author
 * Charles Guenther (1920–2008), poet, translator, newspaper critic
 * Robert Guillaume (1927–2017), Grammy and Emmy Award-winning actor
 * James Gunn (born 1966), screenwriter, director
 * Sean Gunn (born 1974), actor
 * Moses Gunn (1929–1993), actor
 * Virginia Gibson (1925–2013), dancer, singer, actress

H

 * Emily Hahn (1905–1997), journalist, author
 * Laurell K. Hamilton (born 1963), author
 * Jon Hamm (born 1971), Golden Globe Award and Primetime Emmy Award award-winning actor, Mad Men
 * Henry Hampton (1940–1998), film producer, Eyes on the Prize: America's Civil Rights Years (1954–1965) and Eyes on the Prize II: America at the Racial Crossroads (1965–1980s)
 * Sally Hampton (born 1958), writer, producer
 * Harry Hanebrink (1927–1996) Major League Baseball player. Milwaukee Braves (1953, 1957–1958)
 * Chuck T. Harmon (born 1979), aka Chuck Harmony, music producer for Mary J. Blige, Celine Dion, Fantasia, Rihanna
 * Doris Hart (1925–2015), Hall of Fame tennis player, two-time U.S. Open champion
 * John Hartford (1937–2001), musician, Grammy Award winner
 * Culver Hastedt (1883–1966), runner, gold medal winner at 1904 Summer Olympics
 * Donny Hathaway (1945–1979), Grammy-winning singer, songwriter, producer, composer
 * Pat Healy (born 1983), mixed martial arts fighter
 * Bob Heil (born 1940), sound and radio engineer
 * Julius Hemphill (1938–1995), jazz saxophonist, composer
 * George E. Hibbard (1924–1991), art collector, advocate for Tibetan Independence
 * George Hickenlooper (1963–2010), filmmaker
 * Paul John Hilbert (1949–2001), member of the Texas House of Representatives
 * Malcolm Hill (born 1995), American player in the Israel Basketball Premier League
 * Al Hirschfeld (1903–2003), artist and cartoonist
 * Bobby Hofman (1925–1994), Major League Baseball player
 * Solly Hofman (1882–1956), Major League Baseball player
 * Erin Marie Hogan (born 1985), actress and activist
 * Robert A. Holekamp (1848–1922), businessman and apiarist
 * Jessie Housley Holliman (1905–1984), educator, public muralist, artist
 * William H. Holloman III (1924–2010), U.S. Army Air Force officer and combat fighter pilot with the Tuskegee Airmen; U.S. Air Force’s first African American helicopter pilot.
 * August Holtz (1871–1938), United States Navy sailor, Medal of honor recipient
 * Ken Holtzman (born 1945), baseball pitcher
 * A. E. Hotchner (1917–2020), author, editor, philanthropist
 * Elston Howard (1929–1980), baseball player, first black player for New York Yankees
 * Ryan Howard (born 1979), baseball player, 2005 NL Rookie of the Year, 2006 National League MVP and All-Star first baseman, Philadelphia Phillies
 * Huey (1987–2020), real name Lawrence Franks, Jr., rapper
 * Larry Hughes (born 1979), basketball player, Chicago Bulls
 * Eugenia Williamson Hume (1865–1899), elocutionist and educator

I–J

 * Vedad Ibišević (born 1984), Bosnian soccer player
 * Eliza Buckley Ingalls (1848–1918), American temperance activist
 * William Inge (1913–1973), Pulitzer Prize-winning playwright
 * Palestina "Tina" Isa (1972–1989), honor killing victim
 * Ernie Isley (born 1952), songwriter, guitarist of soul and R&B group The Isley Brothers
 * Ronald Isley (born 1941), lead singer of The Isley Brothers; co-owns St. Louis-based Notifi Records
 * Halsey Ives (1847–1911), museum and school founder, director of two world-fair art exhibitions (Louisiana Purchase Exposition and World's Columbian Exposition)
 * Oliver Lee Jackson (born 1935), painter, sculptor, draftsman, and printmaker
 * Sean James (born 1978), athlete
 * Cam Janssen (born 1984), ice hockey player
 * Ella Jenkins (born 1924), musician
 * Jibbs (born 1990), real name Jovan Campbell, rapper
 * J-Kwon (born 1986), real name Jerrell Jones, rapper
 * Jeremiah Johnson (born 1972), blues musician
 * Johnnie Johnson (1924–2005), musician
 * Scott Joplin (1867/1868–1917), songwriter (Pulitzer Prize), musician, "King of Ragtime"
 * Jackie Joyner-Kersee (born 1962), Olympic gold-medalist track & field athlete; educator; sister of Olympic athlete Al Joyner; sister-in-law of Florence "Flo Jo" Griffith-Joyner
 * Judith McNaught (born 1944), novelist

K

 * Kane (born 1967), real name Glenn Jacobs, professional wrestler
 * Stan Kann (1924–2008), musician, entertainer
 * Terry Karl (born 1947), professor of Latin American Studies at Stanford University
 * Bruce Karsh (born 1955), lawyer and investor
 * Ben Kasica (born 1984), musician
 * Karen Katen (born 1948), pharmaceutical executive
 * Andreas Katsulas (1946–2006), actor (Babylon 5)
 * David Kaufman (born 1961), character actor and voice actor (Danny Phantom)
 * Jim Kekeris (1923–1997), NFL player
 * Ellie Kemper (born 1980), actress
 * Dorothea Kent (1916–1990), film actress
 * Dickie Kerr (1893–1963), baseball pitcher
 * Al Kerth (1952–2002), public relations professional
 * Imrat Khan (1935–2018), Indian classical musician
 * Albert King (1923–1992), musician
 * Silver King (1868–1938), Major League Baseball player
 * Audrey Kissel (1926–2017), All-American Girls Professional Baseball League player
 * Kevin Kline (born 1947), Academy Award-winning actor
 * Karlie Kloss (born 1992), model
 * Marquise Knox (born 1991), blues rock musician
 * Chris Koster (born 1964), Attorney General of Missouri
 * Kyle O'Reilly (born 1987), real name Kyle Greenwood, professional wrestler
 * Karyn Kusama (born 1968), filmmaker

L

 * Pierre Laclede (1729–1778), urban planner; co-founder of St. Louis; government administrator; civic leader
 * Pokey Lafarge (born 1983), musician and singer
 * Pat LaFontaine (born 1965), NHL hockey player
 * Elizabeth Laime (born 1979), podcaster, writer
 * Oliver Lake (born 1942), jazz saxophonist, composer
 * Christopher Largen (1969–2012), author, filmmaker, journalist, activist
 * Jeannie Leavitt (born c. 1967), the United States Air Force's first female fighter pilot
 * Bob Lee (1979–2023), software engineer and technology entrepreneur
 * David Lee (born 1983), NBA basketball player
 * Jim Lee, comic-book artist, writer, editor, publisher; President and Chief Creative Officer of DC Comics; founder of Wildstorm Productions and founding member of Image Comics
 * Murphy Lee (1979), rapper
 * Tod Leiweke (born 1960), sports executive
 * Maggie LePique (born 1964), jazz radio host
 * Laura Les (born 1994), musician
 * Stacey Levine, fiction writer, journalist
 * Jenifer Lewis (born 1957), actress
 * Charles Lindbergh (1902–1974), adventurer, pilot, soldier, author
 * Linda Lingle (born 1953), former Governor of Hawaii
 * Theodore Link (1850–1923), architect
 * Sonny Liston (1932–1970), heavyweight champion boxer
 * John Long (born 1950), blues musician
 * Taylor Louderman (born 1990), Broadway actress
 * Carl Lutz (1895–1975), Swiss diplomat responsible for saving over 62,000 Jews during World War II
 * Jack Lynn (born 2000), soccer player

M

 * Vicki Mabrey (born 1956), broadcast journalist
 * Ed Macauley (1928–2011), Hall of Fame basketball player
 * Jeremy Maclin (born 1988), football wide receiver (Baltimore Ravens)
 * Justin Marks (born 1981), Former NASCAR driver, Co-Owner of Trackhouse Racing
 * Patrick Maroon (born 1988), ice hockey player for the Tampa Bay Lightning
 * James S. Marshall (1819–1892), Mayor of Green Bay, Wisconsin
 * Cuonzo Martin (born 1971), basketball coach for the University of Missouri
 * Peter Martin (born 1970), jazz pianist
 * Marguerite Martyn (1878–1948), journalist and artist
 * Mary Meachum (1801–1869), abolitionist
 * John Berry Meachum (1789–1854), founder of the oldest black church in Missouri.Marguerite Martyn, Kajiwara Photo.jpg, journalist and political cartoonist]]
 * Marsha Mason (born 1942), Golden Globe Award-winning and Oscar-nominated actress
 * William H. Masters (1915–2001) and Virginia E. Johnson (1925–2013), members of a joint research team on human sexual response at Washington University in St. Louis
 * Stan Masters (1922–2005), American realism artist
 * Ron Mathis (born 1958), Major League baseball player
 * Bill Mauldin (1921–2003), cartoonist, Pulitzer Prize winner
 * Morton D. May (1914–1983), philanthropist, community leader, art collector, chairman of May Department Stores
 * Scott Mayfield (born 1992), ice hockey player
 * Virginia Mayo (1920–2005), born Virginia Clara Jones, actress
 * Jimmy McCracklin (1921–2012), pianist, vocalist and songwriter
 * Michael McDonald (born 1952), singer, Grammy Award winner, lead vocalist on The Doobie Brothers
 * Margaret Bischell McFadden (1870–1932), philanthropist and social worker
 * Robert McFerrin, Sr. (1921–2006), classical singer, father of Bobby McFerrin
 * Scott A. McGregor (born 1956), technology executive and philanthropist
 * Robert McHenry (born 1945), encyclopedist and author
 * Jim McKelvey (born 1965), computer science engineer, co-founder of Square, a mobile payments company
 * Mike McKenna (born 1983), NHL player for the Philadelphia Flyers
 * Chuck McKinley (1941–1986), Hall of Fame tennis player, 1963 Wimbledon champion
 * Ben McLemore (born 1993), basketball player
 * George McManus (1884–1954), creator of comic strip Bringing Up Father
 * Larissa Meek (born 1978), Miss Missouri Teen USA 1997, Miss Missouri 2001, creative director at BGT Partners
 * David Merrick (1911–2000), theatrical producer (Tony Awards)
 * Metro Boomin (born 1993), record producer, songwriter and DJ
 * Joyce Meyer (born 1943), religious preacher and speaker
 * Bob Miller (1939–1993), MLB pitcher, StL Cardinals, graduated from Beaumont High School
 * Jay Miller (1943–1991), basketball player
 * Marvin Miller (1913–1985), actor
 * David Miller (born 1961), darts player
 * George A. Mitchell (1824–1878), founder of Cadillac, Michigan
 * Russ Mitchell (born 1960), journalist and television news anchor
 * Marie Moentmann (1900–1974), child survivor of industrial accident, wearer of prosthetic device
 * Taylor Momsen (born 1993), singer-songwriter, model, actress
 * Archie Moore (1916–1998), boxer, world light-heavyweight champion
 * Marianne Moore (1887–1972), poet (Pulitzer Prize), essayist, translator
 * Agnes Moorehead (1900–1974), Emmy Award-winning and Oscar-nominated actress
 * Thomas Morse (born 1968), composer
 * Dorothy Morton (1869–1939), actress and soprano
 * Bill Mueller (born 1971), baseball player and coach, St Louis Cardinals
 * Nick Murphy (born 1979), NFL punter 2002–2005
 * Stan Musial (1920–2013), Hall of Fame baseball player for the St. Louis Cardinals

N–O

 * Nelly (born 1974), real name Cornell Haynes, Jr., rapper, singer and actor
 * Oliver Nelson (1932-1975), jazz saxophonist, clarinetist, arranger, composer, and bandleader
 * Howard Nemerov (1920–1991), poet (Pulitzer Prize, Poet Laureate of the United States), author, critic
 * Eric Nenninger (born 1978), actor
 * Eric P. Newman (1911–2017), numismatist
 * Todd Newton (born 1970), game show host, radio personality
 * Dustin Nguyen (born 1962), Vietnamese American actor
 * Chase Niece (born 1998) soccer players who was free agents, last play for North Texas SC.
 * Rich Niemann (born 1946), athlete
 * Frank Nuderscher (1880–1959), American Impressionist painter
 * Dan O'Bannon (1946–2009), screenwriter, director
 * Gyo Obata (1923–2022), architect
 * Anne-Marie O'Connor(fl. 2012), journalist, author
 * St. Louis Jimmy Oden (1903–1977), real name James Burke Oden, blues musician
 * Franklin W. Olin (1860–1951), industrialist, philanthropist
 * Angel Olsen (born 1987), folk and indie rock musician
 * Walter J. Ong (1912–2003), scholar
 * Howard Orenstein (born 1955), Minnesota state legislator and lawyer
 * *Annie L. Y. Orff (1861-1914), journalist; magazine editor and publisher
 * Barry Orton (1958–2021), professional wrestler
 * "Cowboy" Bob Orton (born 1950), former professional wrestler
 * Randy Orton (born 1980), professional wrestler
 * Josh Outman (born 1984), Major League Baseball player, Oakland Athletics

P–Q

 * David Packouz (born 1982), international arms dealer and subject of 2016 film Arms and the Dudes
 * Ken Page (born 1954), actor, voice actor, cabaret singer
 * Lucia Pamela (1904–2002), musician, mother of Georgia Frontiere
 * James Pankow (born 1947), trombone player, of Chicago
 * John Pankow (born 1954), actor (Beverly Hills Cop, Mad About You)
 * Leslie Parnas (1931–2022), classical cellist
 * King Parsons (born 1949), professional wrestler
 * Ann Peebles (born 1947), soul singer, songwriter
 * D. H. Peligro (born 1959), real name born Darren Henley, drummer for Dead Kennedys and Red Hot Chili Peppers
 * Frank P. Pellegrino (1901–1975), businessman, philanthropist, chief executive officer of International Hat Company
 * Marlin Perkins (1905–1986), zoologist, Emmy Award-winning broadcaster
 * Miguel Perez (born 2005), professional soccer player who is playing for St. Louis City SC in the MLS
 * Evan Peters (born 1987), actor (American Horror Story)
 * Mike Peters (born 1943), Pulitzer Prize-winning editorial cartoonist and comic strip artist, creator of Mother Goose and Grimm
 * Homer G. Phillips (1880-1931), prominent lawyer and civil rights advocate, Homer G. Phillips Hospital named in his honor.
 * Stone Phillips (born 1954), television journalist
 * Julie Piekarski (born 1963), Mouseketeer, actress
 * Bill Porter (1931–2010), audio engineer
 * Otto Porter (born 1993), Small Forward of the Chicago Bulls
 * Louise Post (born 1966), musician (Veruca Salt)
 * Joseph W. Postlewaite (1827–1889), musician
 * Emil Preetorius (1827–1905), journalist
 * Vincent Price (1911–1993), actor (House of Wax, The Ten Commandments, The Fly, Edward Scissorhands)
 * John G. Priest (1822–1900), real estate dealer, philanthropist, first St. Louis Veiled Prophet
 * Victor Proetz (1897–1966), architect, designer, author of poetry and verse
 * Joseph Pulitzer (1847–1911), publisher, philanthropist, creator of the Pulitzer Prize and many U.S. newspapers
 * Kevin Puts (born 1972), composer, 2012 Pulitzer Prize in Music, 2023 Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Classical Composition

R

 * Neil Rackers (born 1976), athlete, placekicker for Arizona Cardinals
 * Harold Ramis (1944–2014), author, director, actor; graduated from Washington University (1966)
 * Judy Rankin (born 1945), professional golfer and TV commentator, World Golf Hall of Famer
 * David Rasche (born 1944), actor
 * Peter H. Raven (born 1936), botanist, academic administrator, civic leader
 * Hank Raymonds (1924–2010), coached Marquette University men's basketball 1977–83; athletic director 1977–87
 * Tim Ream (born 1987), professional soccer player, defender for Fulham FC of Football League Championship and United States men's national soccer team
 * Sexyy Red (born 1998), rapper
 * Wallace Reid (1891–1923), actor, early cinema sex symbol
 * Steven Reigns (born 1975), poet, activist, educator
 * Hadley Richardson (1891–1979), first wife of Ernest Hemingway
 * Branch Rickey (1881–1965), baseball executive
 * Rob Riti (born 1976), football player
 * Doris Roberts (1925–2016), actress (Everybody Loves Raymond)
 * Leonard Roberts (born 1972), actor
 * Lance Robertson (born 1965), musician and host of children's television show Yo Gabba Gabba! (as DJ Lance Rock)
 * Harry Rogers (born 1950), professional basketball player
 * Mike Rodgers (born 1985), track and field sprinter
 * Irma S. Rombauer (1877–1962), author
 * Jean Rouverol (1916–2017), author, actress and screenwriter; blacklisted in the 1950s
 * Jack Rowe (1856–1911), major league baseball player
 * David Ruprecht (born 1948), television stage actor and game show host
 * Charles M. Russell (1864–1926), artist, storyteller

S

 * John S. Samuel (1913–2002), U.S. Air Force Major General
 * Claire Saffitz (born 1986), Chef and personality on Bon Appétit magazine's YouTube channel
 * David Sanborn (1945-2024), musician, Grammy Award winner
 * Drew Sarich (born 1975), singer, songwriter, actor
 * Becky Sauerbrunn (born 1985), soccer player
 * Edward Saxon (born 1956), film producer (The Silence of the Lambs)
 * Max Scherzer (born 1984), MLB pitcher
 * Phyllis Schlafly (1924–2016), socially conservative Republican author, broadcaster, and political organizer
 * Zander Schloss (born 1961), bassist for the Circle Jerks and The Weirdos; actor
 * Red Schoendienst (1923–2018), Hall of Fame second baseman, coach, manager for St. Louis Cardinals
 * Chris Schuler (born 1987), professional soccer player for Real Salt Lake
 * Dred Scott (1799–1858) and Harriet Scott (1815–1860), civil rights activists
 * Robert J. Sexton (fl. 1997), music video and virtual reality director, and former musician
 * Art Shamsky (born 1941), Major League Baseball outfielder and Israel Baseball League manager
 * Mike Shannon (1939-2023), affiliated with St. Louis Cardinals for over 50 years, as a player (1962–1970), in front office, and, since 1972, radio and TV announcer
 * Scott Shannon (born 1947), a radio disk jockey hosting WCBS-FM in New York City.
 * Augustus Shapleigh (1810–1902), president of Shapleigh Hardware Company and early pioneer of St. Louis
 * Henry Shaw (1800–1889), botanist, philanthropist, businessman, author
 * Rick Shaw (1938–2017), disc jockey, radio and television personality (WQAM, WAXY, WMXJ, WLBW), born in East St. Louis
 * William Tecumseh Sherman (1820–1891), soldier; commander of United States Army
 * Roberta Sherwood (1913–1999), singer and actress
 * Sherman Silber (fl. 1966), physician and infertility specialist
 * Frank Simek (born 1984), soccer player with Sheffield Wednesday, also USA International
 * Kimora Lee Simmons (born 1975), model and mogul
 * Leonard Slatkin (born 1944), conductor, Grammy Award winner
 * Slayyyter (born 1996), pop musician
 * Jane Smiley (born 1949), Pulitzer Prize-winning novelist
 * Nikko Smith (born 1982), singer, American Idol contestant; son of Ozzie Smith
 * Ozzie Smith (born 1954), Hall of Fame shortstop for St. Louis Cardinals
 * Phyllis Smith (born 1952), actress on NBC's The Office and Disney's movie Inside Out
 * Willie Mae Ford Smith (1904–1994), singer
 * Cory Spinks (born 1978), world champion boxer
 * Leon Spinks (1953–2021), world champion boxer
 * Michael Spinks (born 1956), world champion boxer
 * Max C. Starkloff (1858–1942), St. Louis Health Commissioner who introduced social distancing during the 1918 flu pandemic
 * Paul Stastny (born 1985), hockey player for St. Louis Blues
 * Yan Stastny (born 1982), hockey player for St. Louis Blues
 * Harry Steinfeldt (1877–1914), Major League Baseball player
 * Edward Steinhardt (born 1961), poet and author
 * Chuck Stone (1924–2014), journalist, educator and civil rights activist
 * Stevie Stone (born 1981), rapper, born in Columbia, raised in St. Louis, signed to Kansas City-based Strange Music
 * Willie Sudhoff (1874–1917), Major League Baseball player
 * Roosevelt Sykes (1906–1983), blues musician
 * James W. Symington (born 1927), U.S. Representative, statesman, attorney
 * SZA (born 1989), real name Solana Rowe, singer-songwriter, TDE (Top Dawg Entertainment) record label
 * Smino (born 1991), real name Christopher Smith Jr, rapper, singer, songwriter, Zero Fatigue record label
 * Sexyy Red (born April 15, 1998), real name Janae Nierah Wherry, rapper, singer, songwriter, Gamma record label

T

 * Jim Talent (born 1956), politician
 * Jayson Tatum (born 1998), forward for the Boston Celtics of the National Basketball Association
 * Sara Teasdale (1884–1933), poet (Pulitzer Prize)
 * Clark Terry (1920–2015), jazz musician
 * George Thampy (born 1987), 2000 Scripps National Spelling Bee champion
 * Lou Thesz (1916–2002), professional wrestler
 * David Thirdkill (born 1960), NBA basketball player; 1993 Israeli Basketball Premier League MVP
 * Todd Thomas (born 1961), fashion designer
 * Kay Thompson (1909–1998), singer, songwriter, author of Eloise books
 * John L. Tiernon, (1841–1910), U.S. Army brigadier general
 * Conrad Tillard (born 1964), politician, Baptist minister, radio host, author, and activist
 * Cap Tilles (1865–1951), race track magnate, philanthropist, founder of Tilles Park
 * Gina Tognoni (born 1973), actress
 * Guy Torry (born 1969), actor and comedian
 * Joe Torry (born 1965), actor and comedian
 * Scott Touzinsky (born 1982), volleyball player and coach
 * Henry Townsend (1909–2006), musician
 * Toya (born 1983), real name LaToya Rodriguez, R&B singer
 * Maury Travis (1965–2002), murderer and suspected serial killer
 * Helen Traubel (1899–1972), classical and popular singer
 * Julie Tristan (fl. 2012), American television personality
 * Quincy Troupe (born 1939), poet, editor, journalist
 * Ernest Trova (1927–2009), artist
 * Ross H. Trower (1922–2014), Chief of Chaplains, U.S. Navy
 * Harry S. Truman (1884–1972), 33rd U.S. President
 * Truth Hurts (born 1971), real name Shari Watson, R&B singer
 * Orrin Tucker (1911–2011), bandleader
 * Debbye Turner (born 1965), Miss America 1990, TV journalist
 * Ike Turner (1931–2007), singer, musician, agent and production administrator
 * Jessie Franklin Turner (1881–1956), fashion designer
 * Tina Turner (1939-2023), real name Anna Mae Bullock, Grammy Award-winning singer, actress, pop-culture icon
 * Taylor Twellman (born 1980), professional soccer player
 * Alex Tyus (born 1988), American-Israeli professional basketball player, also plays for Israeli national basketball team

U–V

 * David King Udall (1851–1938), politician
 * Mark Valenti (fl. 1985), screenwriter and novelist
 * Courtney Van Buren (born 1980), National Football League player
 * Mona Van Duyn (1921–2004), poet (Pulitzer Prize, Poet Laureate of the United States), editor
 * George Van Haltren (1866–1945), Major League Baseball player
 * Maria Rosa Villalpando (1738-1830), Hispanic woman, former captive of the Comanche and Pawnee
 * Marilyn vos Savant (born 1946), columnist, known for having the world's highest IQ

W

 * Jack Wagner (born 1959), actor
 * Caroline Holme Walker (1863–1955), composer
 * Rosa Kershaw Walker (1840s-1909), author, journalist, editor
 * Kenny Wallace (born 1963), NASCAR driver
 * Mike Wallace (born 1959), NASCAR driver
 * Rusty Wallace (born 1956), NASCAR champion driver
 * Steve Wallace (born 1987), NASCAR driver
 * Trey Waltke (born 1955), tennis player, won ATP title in 1980
 * Maxine Waters (born 1938), politician
 * Leroy H. Watson (1893–1975), U.S. Army major general
 * Earl Weaver (1930–2013), Hall of Fame baseball manager
 * Dick Weber (1929–2005), professional bowler
 * Harry Weber (born 1942), sculptor
 * William H. Webster (born 1924), former director of the FBI and CIA, Chairman of the Homeland Security Advisory Council
 * Dave Weckl (born 1960), musician, drummer
 * Annie Wersching (1977-2023), actress, played Renee Walker on TV series 24
 * Jo Jo White (1946–2018), basketball player
 * Joseph T. White (1961–1985), United States Army soldier who defected to North Korea on August 28, 1982
 * Verner Moore White (1863–1923), artist
 * Marissa Whitley (born 1983), Miss Teen USA 2001
 * Mary Wickes (1910–1995), actress
 * Chris Wideman (born 1990), NHL player
 * Bill Wilkerson (1945–2017), sports announcer and radio personality (KMOX)
 * Violet Wilkey (1903–1976), actress
 * Jameson Williams (born 2001), NFL player
 * Melvin Williams (born 1979), NFL player
 * Tennessee Williams (1911–1983), real name Thomas Lanier, Pulitzer Prize-winning playwright
 * Mykelti Williamson (born 1957), actor, played Bubba Blue in 1994 film Forrest Gump
 * Ike Willis (born c. 1957), musician
 * Angela Winbush (born 1955), R&B/soul singer, songwriter
 * Devon Windsor (born 1994), model
 * Trey Wingo (born 1955), sports journalist (KSDK-TV, ESPN)
 * Kellen Winslow (born 1957), NFL football player, Hall of Famer
 * Shelley Winters (1920–2006), Academy Award-winning actress
 * Edwin E. Woodman (1838–1912), Wisconsin State Senator
 * Harriett Woods (1927–2007), politician; two-time Democratic nominee for the U.S. Senate from Missouri; former Lieutenant Governor
 * Dan Wool (fl. 1986), musician, composer with group Pray for Rain

X–Z

 * Clyde X (1931–2009), leader in the Nation of Islam

title: List of people from St. Louis


text:
User:Joojoo/Sandbox

The Underground barbecue (BBQ-U) is a social activity whose concept's creation belongs to seven young men from Longueuil, Canada.

Taking the form of a special event, the nature of the Underground barbecue has yet to be completely defined. Essentially, it consists in a gathering of people who eat rare meat or special meals cooked on the grill and served in an unconventional way. During the Barbecue, the people organize and participate in activities, who are generally favorizing creativity. Those can be, but are not limited to, dances and music of all styles, speeches, alcohol or drugs-related activities, prayers, writing of poems, drawings and other form of visual arts or debates.

Generally, the Barbecue Underground must happen in a dark environment, favourable to the production of alternative moods and ideas. As of 2005, the concept is still in its experimental stages and the definition can be refined following experience gaining and the progressive organisation of a larger number of Underground barbecues.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Joojoo/Sandbox


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Cocaine use in Brasil

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. - Mailer Diablo 05:54, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

Cocaine use in Brasil
Unexpandable stub consisting of one datum and a bunch of unsourced speculation. --jpgordon∇∆∇∆ 04:28, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

Keep. Sources on the talk page did you check themWiki brah 04:53, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete; Specifying topics like this is not practical and would on a larger scale make searches in the database difficult. Merge with Cocaine or Brazil - or make an article about the drug use in various countries - not just Brazil. | Celcius 05:14, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - May account for the rampant anal sex there. Note to self:  Visit Brazil. -PlainSight 05:28, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, opens the door to too many subarticles on the use of every drug in every country in the world. Zoe 05:36, August 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Vote changed to Keep. I'm not worried about these articles on every drug in the world if there is something factual and verifiable to say about it, there might well be, but this article doesn't contain it as it stands. Trollderella 06:46, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Like i said before i have two sources on the article talk page one is from the O.A.S. and one is from the Washington Post what more do you want thank you
 * Actually, this may well develop into an interesting article - cocaine use in Brazil is obviously rampant. I would suggest renaming it to Cocaine in Brazil, or perhaps something broader on illicit drug trade and use in Brazil, but with a bit more referencing, and some cleanup, this could be a good article. Trollderella 07:46, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Merge into Brazil or Cocaine until such time there's enough material for a seperate entry. This is too granular for such a seperate entry at the present time. (BTW, if an article is as short as this, you need to wikify Brazil only once.) - Mgm|(talk) 09:40, August 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete and give author a crash course in logic and proofs : More unverifiable or unproven hypotheses. I am however inspired by this article to write more like Causes of low usage of Dildos in Indian households. Manik Raina 12:02, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * An article on Causes of low usage of dildos in Texas households might actually have some content, since dildos are illegal there. Note: NOT an invitation to create the article. --Calton | Talk 12:47, August 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * I had a crack at it anyway, since I think it's a legitimate topic. Let me know what you think. Trollderella 15:53, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

 * From the editor who brought you Template:Hot Jewish Actress-stub and Template:Scarface-stub. Delete. --Calton | Talk 12:47, August 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, stupid. Proto t c 14:20, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, per above. Dottore So 18:39, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, per above. DEng 19:54, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, per above Groeck 06:36, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, for above reasons. --Bhadani 15:56, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per above. Nandesuka 22:41, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as speculative and probably not uniquely notable. ESkog 23:00, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. *drew 23:00, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. -- DS1953 01:08, August 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. MWOT. Andrewa 00:38, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Lyons & Lyons, Solicitors

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. - Mailer Diablo 05:55, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

Lyons & Lyons, Solicitors
Advertisement for non-notable law firm Cnwb 04:30, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Australia-related deletions.   -- Cyberjunkie | Talk 05:16, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete; nn | Celcius 05:18, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per submitter. --GraemeL (talk) 10:17, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nominator. -- DS1953 14:39, August 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Advertising. *drew 23:01, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Changed - Content has now been changed - 09:24, 29 August 2005
 * Comment - The article still doesn't establish notability for this law firm. Its founder, John Lyon, might just scrape in, but the article isn't about him, it's about Lyons & Lyons. Cnwb 23:46, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete: I think the only particularly notable Australian legal firm would be Slaters & Gordon. This is just some suburban firm. NN.--Cyberjunkie | Talk 05:16, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Juan R. Francisco

Juan R. Francisco is a Filipino Indologist who discovered the Maranao version of the Ramayana, that is native to the Philippines. He then translated it into English. He is also a professor at the University of the Philippines in Manila. For several years he served as the Executive Director of the Philippine-American Educational Foundation (PAEF), administering the Fulbright Program in the Philippines.

Education
He has a Ph.D. in Sanskrit from the University of Madras, and he studied under Indologist Raghavan from Chennai. Francisco himself taught another Filipino Indologist, Josephine Acosta Pasricha.

Works

 * Indian Influences in the Philippines (1964)
 * Maharadia Lawana (1969)
 * Sanskrit in Philippine Language and Literature (1973)
 * From Ayodhya to Pulu Agamaniog: Rama's Journey to the Philippines (1994)

title: Juan R. Francisco


text:
User:Nergal~enwiki

Hello!

This page shall be updated in due time....

title: User:Nergal~enwiki


text:
Equidistribution theorem

In mathematics, the equidistribution theorem is the statement that the sequence

 * a, 2a, 3a, ... mod 1

is uniformly distributed on the circle $$\mathbb{R}/\mathbb{Z}$$, when a is an irrational number. It is a special case of the ergodic theorem where one takes the normalized angle measure $$\mu=\frac{d\theta}{2\pi}$$.

History
While this theorem was proved in 1909 and 1910 separately by Hermann Weyl, Wacław Sierpiński and Piers Bohl, variants of this theorem continue to be studied to this day.

In 1916, Weyl proved that the sequence a, 22a, 32a, ... mod 1 is uniformly distributed on the unit interval. In 1937, Ivan Vinogradov proved that the sequence pn a mod 1 is uniformly distributed, where pn is the nth prime. Vinogradov's proof was a byproduct of the odd Goldbach conjecture, that every sufficiently large odd number is the sum of three primes.

George Birkhoff, in 1931, and Aleksandr Khinchin, in 1933, proved that the generalization x + na, for almost all x, is equidistributed on any Lebesgue measurable subset of the unit interval. The corresponding generalizations for the Weyl and Vinogradov results were proven by Jean Bourgain in 1988.

Specifically, Khinchin showed that the identity

 * $$\lim_{n\to\infty} \frac{1}{n} \sum_{k=1}^n

f( (x+ka) \bmod 1 ) = \int_0^1 f(y)\,dy $$

holds for almost all x and any Lebesgue integrable function ƒ. In modern formulations, it is asked under what conditions the identity

 * $$\lim_{n\to\infty} \frac{1}{n} \sum_{k=1}^n

f( (x+b_ka) \bmod 1 ) = \int_0^1 f(y)\,dy $$

might hold, given some general sequence bk.

One noteworthy result is that the sequence 2ka mod 1 is uniformly distributed for almost all, but not all, irrational a. Similarly, for the sequence bk = 2ka, for every irrational a, and almost all x, there exists a function ƒ for which the sum diverges. In this sense, this sequence is considered to be a universally bad averaging sequence, as opposed to bk = k, which is termed a universally good averaging sequence, because it does not have the latter shortcoming.

A powerful general result is Weyl's criterion, which shows that equidistribution is equivalent to having a non-trivial estimate for the exponential sums formed with the sequence as exponents. For the case of multiples of a, Weyl's criterion reduces the problem to summing finite geometric series.

Historical references

 * P. Bohl, (1909) Über ein in der Theorie der säkularen Störungen vorkommendes Problem, J. reine angew. Math. 135, pp. 189–283.
 * W. Sierpinski, (1910) Sur la valeur asymptotique d'une certaine somme, Bull Intl. Acad. Polonaise des Sci. et des Lettres (Cracovie) series A, pp. 9–11.
 * W. Sierpinski, (1910) Sur la valeur asymptotique d'une certaine somme, Bull Intl. Acad. Polonaise des Sci. et des Lettres (Cracovie) series A, pp. 9–11.

Modern references

 * Joseph M. Rosenblatt and Máté Weirdl, Pointwise ergodic theorems via harmonic analysis, (1993) appearing in Ergodic Theory and its Connections with Harmonic Analysis, Proceedings of the 1993 Alexandria Conference, (1995) Karl E. Petersen and Ibrahim A. Salama, eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, ISBN 0-521-45999-0. (An extensive survey of the ergodic properties of generalizations of the equidistribution theorem of shift maps on the unit interval. Focuses on methods developed by Bourgain.)
 * Elias M. Stein and Rami Shakarchi, Fourier Analysis. An Introduction, (2003) Princeton University Press, pp 105–113 (Proof of the Weyl's theorem based on Fourier Analysis)

title: Equidistribution theorem


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Hellsatan

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Woohookitty 07:43, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

Hellsatan
Not a notable individual; apparently a vanity page. 24.34.190.187 04:32, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment; Seems like vanity - are any of the sites specified notable? | Celcius 05:16, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - not notable. Grayum 17:25, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Vanity Denni ☯ 23:48, 2005 August 26 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-notable. *drew 22:58, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: File:Santa Fe County nm seal.jpg

title: File:Santa Fe County nm seal.jpg


text: User talk:222.122.4.207

title: User talk:222.122.4.207


text:
Talk:Margaret Drummond (mistress)

Untitled

 * the Union of the Crowns would not have taken place and Scotland would have remained an independent country

Is it ok if I re-word this? Scotland did remain an independent country after the Union of the Crowns, remaining one until 1707 when both England and Scotland stopped being separate independent countries.

 * The idea that James had to be pressurised to marry Margaret Tudor is dubious, as Scotland was the less important country it is more likely that he pressurised Henry VII to give him his daughter.

I would also like to re-word or possibly remove this, Henry VII had just fought a war and installed a new dynasty on the throne of England and went out of his way to make friends (as mentioned in the Wikipedia article Henry VII of England) - with Spain (marrying his son to Spanish royalty), Scotland (marrying his daughter to Scottish royalty), and Maximilian I of the Holy Roman Empire.

— Preceding unsigned comment added by Benson85 (talk • contribs) 04:34, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

 * You can certainly re-word passages if you want, but I advise against removing anything much, and I don't think much needs to be changed. With the Union of the Crowns, what you are saying is correct, but the Union of the Crowns opened up a strong dynamic towards the Union of the Parliaments, with e.g. the Cromwellian military occupation.  We are dealing with how this might appear to some romantic historical novelists, not a rigorous analysis of the 1603-1707 period, which is outside the scope of this article. PatGallacher 08:56, 2005 August 26 (UTC)

Fictional portrayals section
I feel cautious about including a fictional portrayals section, since from what I have seen of them she figures as an important character in most fictional accounts of James IV, which have tended to repeat the legend about her death. PatGallacher (talk) 19:10, 6 February 2021 (UTC)

 * Forgive me if this comes across as flippant, but you don't think this article should have such a section because it might become overly populated? AlistairMcMillan (talk) 00:12, 10 February 2021 (UTC)
 * No, that's not the issue, but it could turn into a straight copy of the fictional portrayals of James IV, or pretty close to it. PatGallacher (talk) 02:00, 10 February 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Margaret Drummond (mistress)


text:
Brian St. Clair

Brian St. Clair (born May 24, 1968) is an American drummer, best known as a member of the rock duo Local H, from July 1999 until October 2013.

Raised in Fullerton, California, Brian's family moved to the town of Glen Ellyn, Illinois in 1980.

He has played drums for a few Chicago area bands (in order): Eye's On Troy, Political Justice?, Denied Remarks (as a second drummer), God's Acre, My Life With The Thrill Kill Kult, Rights Of The Accused (also known as: ROTA, the entire band sang back up vocals on a 1000 Homo Djs record), and Triple Fast Action. Brian moved to NYC in 1998 after Triple Fast Action broke up.

After Political Justice? broke up St. Clair played with a few bands before landing the role of drummer in one of Chicago's most famous punk bands Rights Of The Accused. In 1988 ROTA were taken on tour with Ministry (band) and became close friends with Al Jourgensen who took them into the studio to sing back up vocals on the 1000 Homo DJs record and put the band in his video for the song Stigmata from the album The Land of Rape and Honey where St. Clair played drums, Herb played bass, Wes played guitar, and Mike jumped around and yelled. However it is very hard to see anyone other than Mike due to all of the fog produced by the fog machine on the set. Also while in ROTA Brian was cast by Cynthia Plaster Caster, one of the Plaster Casters Of Chicago.

Kidd and St. Clair formed Triple Fast Action who released several singles on indie labels and a full CD on Capitol Records and one on Deep Elm records before Brian left the band to pursue other interests. In 1999 St. Clair joined Local H with Scott Lucas.

Just prior to Local H he was the drum tech for Bun E. Carlos of Cheap Trick, and was credited on Cheap Trick's Silver DVD. Brian has been the tour manager for Liz Phair, Brazilian Girls, Micki Free, Triple Fast Action, and Local H. He has also been dubbed one of the "hardest working drummers" in rock history.

St. Clair's hobbies include birdwatching, in which he has seen 550 of the some 810 species in The USA. He was featured in a famous birdwatching book called "Red-Tails in Love" (Random House, 1998) by Marie Winn. In 1998 Brian St. Clair auditioned for the world famous "Blue Man Group" and was told to start taking acting classes so he could join in the future, he took three months of classes at T. Schriber acting school then got too busy with Cheap Trick to continue.

Aside from Local H, St. Clair works for three other bands: Cheap Trick, Brazilian Girls, and Micki Free, where he works behind the scenes in Tour Management and production.

In December 2011 St. Clair signed a drum endorsement deal with Taye Drums.

On August 21, 2013 he announced that he would be departing from Local H after a farewell tour to focus on his tour management company.

2013 - Present: St. Clair has been Cheap Trick's Production Manager. Since 2021 St. Clair added drum tech to his job title with Cheap Trick.

In May 2014 he was diagnosed with prostate cancer. As of April 2015, St. Clair is on indefinite hormonal therapy.

title: Brian St. Clair


text:
Talk:Kaffir Boy

I am getting ready to read this book in my advanced english class and I just was wondering about it. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 70.245.163.191 (talk • contribs).
 * I read it and thought it was a very good book. ( A rundhati Bakshi (talk • contribs)) 21:11, 25 February 2006 (UTC)

..........................................

User:Macdonja|macdonja]] (talk) 23:33, 30 December 2007 (UTC)

More Info Needed
There is little info I feel for such a long, important book. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Thriller95 (talk • contribs) 04:21, 16 April 2010 (UTC)

External links modified
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I have just modified one external link on Kaffir Boy. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20101125065635/http://www.mathabane.com/mark_mathabane_books.html to http://mathabane.com/mark_mathabane_books.html

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Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 01:30, 5 December 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Kaffir Boy


text:
Pullman–Moscow Regional Airport

Pullman–Moscow Regional Airport is a public airport in the northwest United States, located in Whitman County, Washington, 2 mi east of Pullman, Washington and 4 mi west of Moscow, Idaho. The airport is near State Route 270, and has a single 7101 ft runway, headed northeast–southwest (5/23), which entered service in October 2019. The former runway (6/24) was 6730 ft and aligned with Moscow Mountain (4983 ft) 12 mi to the northeast, the highest summit in the area.

The rural airport in the Palouse region is the primary air link for its two land-grant universities, Washington State University in Pullman and the University of Idaho in Moscow. In addition to scheduled service from Alaska Airlines (through its Horizon Air subsidiary), both universities use the airport for jet charters for their intercollegiate athletic teams.

Seattle air traffic control, 250 mi west, manages commercial traffic for the airport. The nearest major airport is Spokane International, approximately 90 mi to the north, and Lewiston is about 25 mi south.

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2017–2021 categorized the airport as a non-hub primary commercial service facility.

History
Aviation at the site began in the 1920s as a grass strip, which was later improved by the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) and Works Progress Administration (WPA); the runway was first paved in 1946.

Horizon Air (marketed and sold as Alaska Airlines) is the sole commercial airline serving the airport, flying Embraer 175 jet aircraft. Limited service to Pullman–Moscow began in December 1981 with Fairchild F-27 aircraft (Friday & Sunday), and daily service (along with Lewiston) in March 1983, on F-27 and Metroliner aircraft. Service to Portland, Spokane, and Boise was ended in 1997.

Horizon (later folded into the Alaska brand) now offers four to five daily scheduled flights to Seattle–Tacoma. Historically, flight schedules had sometimes included a stop at Lewiston, but currently all scheduled flights to Seattle are non-stop. Flights to Boise returned August 2021 with service five times a week; it was suspended in May 2024 and is scheduled to return in August due to a lack of demand outside of the school year. Alaska moved to all-jet service to Pullman–Moscow in November 2022, replacing Q400 turboprops with Embraer 175 jets.

Prior to Horizon, Cascade Airways (1969–1986) was the main carrier at the airport, starting Palouse service in late 1971, and had over 16,500 boardings at Pullman–Moscow in 1977. United Express operated at the airport for over two years, from May 1988 to September 1990.

Facilities and aircraft
Pullman–Moscow Regional Airport covers an area of 467 acre at an elevation of 2567 ft above sea level. It has one asphalt paved runway designated 5/23, which opened in October 2019 and measures 7101 x.

The airport was annexed by the City of Pullman in August 1988, and ground was broken in April 1989 to replace the small, outdated passenger terminal of 1957. Constructed in under ten months, the present 8000 sqft terminal opened in February 1990 at a cost of $2.7 million, with a formal dedication and airshow in May.

The former commercial terminal was a single large room, divided between pre- and post-security areas by a single security checkpoint and glass walls. The waiting area occupied all space beyond the checkpoint but was not commonly used for waiting, as most passengers passed through the security checkpoint immediately before boarding. Both passenger gates were ground-level doors to the tarmac; passengers boarded via the fold-down aircraft-door stairs, or airstairs (for larger charter aircraft). Gate 1 on the east side of the terminal is was used by Horizon Air. A vending machine in the terminal's pre-security area sold canned local Cougar Gold cheese made by the nearby Washington State University.

A new and significantly larger terminal opened to the west of the old terminal on May 22, 2024, at a cost of $92 million to construct. The terminal building is 47,000 sqft and includes three jet bridges, a new baggage carousel, new restaurant and outdoor spaces, as well as a separate space for university charters. It was developed alongside runway adjustments that had taken seven years to plan; an expansion with an additional 5,000 sqft is scheduled to open by August 2024. Construction of the new terminal began in August 2022 and was completed in December 2023. The security area has a larger queueing area, a TSA PreCheck entrance, and additional screening equipment.

The public airport shares the runway with a fixed-base operator, Interstate Aviation, which conducts chartered air service and flight school. Local engineering firm Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories owns and operates private hangars at the airport.

For the 12-month period ending January 1, 2014, the airport had 29,350 aircraft operations, an average of 80 per day: 85% general aviation, 14% scheduled commercial, 1% air taxi, and <1% military. Occasionally, the airport has accepted Boeing 737 aircraft on Alaska Airlines charter flights. In January 2018, there were 71 aircraft based at this airport: 60 single-engine, 7 multi-engine, 3 jet, and 1 glider.

Accidents and incidents

 * On December 28, 1981, a twin-engine Cessna 402 crashed 1.5 mi north of the airport during a morning snowstorm, killing its pilot, the sole occupant. A cargo flight from Spokane to Lewiston, it had diverted to Pullman due to a weather closure at Lewiston.

title: Pullman–Moscow Regional Airport


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Jack Weisgerber

John Sylvester Weisgerber (June 12, 1940 – June 3, 2022) was a Canadian politician and businessman. He was a member of the Legislative Assembly in British Columbia. During his political career he was briefly the leader of the British Columbia Social Credit Party and the Reform Party of British Columbia. After leaving politics, he was appointed to the board of BC Hydro in 2001 and served as a member of the British Columbia Treaty Commission.

Political career
Weisgerber was first elected to the British Columbia legislature in 1986 as a Social Credit Party of British Columbia candidate for Peace River South. He served in the Social Credit government in several posts including Minister of State for the Northeast and Nechako, Minister of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources, and as British Columbia's first Minister of Native Affairs.

When Social Credit was soundly defeated in the 1991 election, Weisgerber was one of only seven Socred candidates to win re-election. Weisgerber became interim leader of the party.

In 1994, after failed attempts to revive the party, Weisgerber became one of four Social Credit members of the legislature to switch allegiances, joining the fledgling Reform Party of British Columbia. BC Reform, as it was known, espoused similar policies to the Reform Party of Canada, but was a separate entity.

Weisgerber ran for the BC Reform leadership and was elected party leader in late 1994. Through 1995 and in the months before the 1996 election, Weisgerber faced challenges by some members of his party from southern Vancouver Island.

In the May 1996 election, the BC Reform Party won nine percent of the popular vote and two seats in the legislature, one of which was Weisgerber's in Peace River South. However, the party failed to win the four seats required for official party status in the British Columbia legislature. A split in the centre-right vote between Weisgerber's BC Reform Party and Gordon Campbell's Liberals is cited as a factor for the New Democratic Party winning the 1996 BC election.

Weisgerber resigned as BC Reform's leader in late 1996, and was replaced by Wilf Hanni in September 1997. Following a bruising round of party in-fighting, Weisgerber left Reform to sit as an independent member of the BC legislature. Weisgerber served out his third and final term in the BC legislature ending in 2001. He was the last surviving member of what proved to be the last Socred government.

Shortly before the 2001 election, Weisgerber endorsed the British Columbia Liberal Party and its leader, Gordon Campbell. After winning the election, Campbell appointed Weisgerber as a director of BC Hydro, beginning on September 25, 2001. He served in that position until July 19, 2017, when the BC Liberals lost power.

He was a Commissioner of the British Columbia Treaty Commission.

Personal life
Jack was married to Judith Weisgerber (born Janke) to which they had two daughters; Joanne Wooldridge (born Weisgerber) and Pamela Haglof (born Weisgerber); and three grandsons Josh, Luke, and Cole and one granddaughter Jemma. He resided in Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada. Weisgerber died on June 3, 2022, at the age of 81.

title: Jack Weisgerber


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Red Rock West

Red Rock West is a 1993 American post-Western neo-noir thriller film directed by John Dahl and starring Nicolas Cage, Lara Flynn Boyle, J. T. Walsh, and Dennis Hopper. It was written by Dahl and his brother Rick, and shot in Montana, Willcox, Arizona, Sonoita, Arizona and Elgin, Arizona.

Plot
Michael Williams is a drifter living out of his car after being discharged from the Marine Corps. After a job on a Wyoming oilfield falls through due to his unwillingness to conceal a war injury on his job application, Michael wanders into the rural town of Red Rock looking for other work. A local bar owner named Wayne mistakes him for a hitman, "Lyle from Dallas", whom Wayne has hired to kill his wife. Wayne offers him a stack of cash—"half now, half later"—and Michael plays along by taking the money.

Michael visits Wayne's wife, Suzanne, but instead of killing her, warns her that her life is in danger. She offers him more money to kill Wayne. Michael tries to leave town with her cash, but runs into a man by the side of the road and turns back to bring him to the hospital. It turns out that the hurt man had been shot shortly before Michael ran into him, and the hospital calls in the local sheriff, who turns out to be Wayne. Michael escapes but runs into the real Lyle from Dallas. Lyle and Wayne quickly figure out what has transpired, while Michael desperately tries to warn Suzanne before Lyle finds her.

The next morning, when Lyle comes to get money from Wayne, he kidnaps both Suzanne and Michael, who are trying to retrieve cash from a safe in Wayne's office. Wayne and Suzanne are revealed to be wanted for embezzlement, and Wayne is arrested by his own deputies. Lyle returns with Michael and Suzanne hostage and gets Wayne out of jail to retrieve their stash of money. The dig up the cash from a remote graveyard where Wayne had buried it, and a melee ensues, with Lyle being killed, Wayne gravely injured, and Michael hurt as well.

Michael and Suzanne board a nearby train, but when Suzanne tries to betray Michael, he throws the money out of the speeding train and then pushes Suzanne off to be arrested by the police. He remarks finally, "Adios, Red Rock". Michael notices and keeps a small packet of bills that hadn't blown out of the box car, and keeps riding the train.

Cast

 * Nicolas Cage as Michael Williams
 * Dennis Hopper as Lyle, From Dallas
 * Lara Flynn Boyle as Ann McCord / Suzanne Brown
 * J.T. Walsh as Kevin McCord / Sheriff Wayne Brown
 * Dwight Yoakam as Truck Driver
 * Timothy Carhart as Deputy Matt Greytack
 * Dan Shor as Deputy Bowman
 * Robert Apel as Howard
 * Craig Reay as Jim
 * Dale Gibson as Kurt
 * Shawn Michael Ryan as Ted
 * Barbara Glover as Jane
 * Vance Johnson as Mr. Johnson
 * Robert Beecher as Caretaker
 * Jody Carter as Caretaker's Wife
 * Emmet Walsh as Gas Station Owner

Production
Red Rock West was filmed in 1992 in Arizona on a budget of $7 million. The domestic rights were sold to Columbia TriStar Home Video for $2.5 million and the foreign rights to Manifesto Films, a subsidiary of PolyGram Filmed Entertainment.

Release
Test screenings for the film were not strong and Peter Graves, an independent consultant who headed the marketing department at Polygram said, "The film doesn't fall neatly into any marketable category. A western film noir isn't something people can immediately spark to". One of the producers suggested early on that the film be submitted to the Sundance Film Festival and was told by the studio that it wasn't a festival film.

The film opened successfully in theaters in Germany, Paris, and London in the summer of 1993. Piers Handling, director of the Toronto International Film Festival, saw the film in Paris and decided to show it at the festival in September 1993. Bill Banning, who owned the Roxie Cinema and Roxie Releasing in San Francisco, saw Red Rock West in Toronto and thought that there might be an American theatrical audience for the film. It took him until January 1994 to find out who owned the rights. The film had already played on HBO in the fall of 1993 and was due to come out on video in February 1994. Banning started showing Red Rock West at the Roxie Cinema on January 28, 1994, where it broke box office records before expanding to eight theaters in the city. It then opened in Los Angeles and New York City.

Reception
In his review for The Washington Post, Richard Harrington praised it as "a treasure waiting to be discovered". Writing in The New York Times, Caryn James called it "a terrifically enjoyable, smartly acted, over-the-top thriller". Roger Ebert praised it as "a diabolical movie that exists sneakily between a western and a thriller, between a film noir and a black comedy," and gave the film three-and-a-half stars out of four.

Year-end lists

 * 4th – Michael MacCambridge, Austin American-Statesman
 * 7th – Peter Travers, Rolling Stone
 * 9th – Gene Siskel, The Chicago Tribune
 * 10th – Peter Rainer, Los Angeles Times
 * Honorable mention – William Arnold, Seattle Post-Intelligencer
 * Honorable mention – David Elliott, The San Diego Union-Tribune

Music
The soundtrack for the film features a number of country music performers, including Johnny Cash, Shania Twain, Toby Keith, The Kentucky Headhunters, and Sammy Kershaw. Dwight Yoakam wrote the film's closing credits song "A Thousand Miles From Nowhere" when the film was being made and while the musician made his acting debut in the film. The song went on to become a Top 10 country hit.

title: Red Rock West


text:
Edgar Jadwin

Edgar Jadwin, C.E. (August 7, 1865 – March 2, 1931) was a U.S. Army officer who fought in the Spanish–American War and World War I, before serving as Chief of Engineers from 1926 to 1929.

Early life
Jadwin was born in Honesdale, Pennsylvania on August 7, 1865 as the son of Cornelius Comegys Jadwin, and graduated first in the United States Military Academy class of 1890. He was commissioned in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. His classmates included Colden Ruggles, Fred W. Sladen, Frank M. Caldwell, Clint C. Hearn, Daniel W. Ketcham, Herbert Deakyne, Francis Marshall, Harry H. Bandholtz, Henry D. Todd Jr., William C. Davis, George G. Gatley, William S. McNair and William J. Snow. All of these men would, like Jadwin himself, attain the rank of general officer.

His son, Olympic equestrian Cornelius Comegys Jadwin II, was born in 1896.

Military career
After commissioning, Jadwin served with various engineer units between 1891 and 1895. He then fought during the Spanish–American War.

After serving as district engineer at the expanding ports of Los Angeles and Galveston, he was selected by Brigadier General George W. Goethals as an assistant in the construction of the Panama Canal, on which he worked from 1907 to 1911. Jadwin served in 1911–1916 in the Office of the Chief of Engineers focusing on bridge and road matters. He was promoted to lieutenant colonel on October 12, 1913.

He was promoted to colonel in the National Army on July 6, 1917, exactly three months after the American entry into World War I. He received a brevet to brigadier general on December 17, 1917. Upon the country's entry into World War I, he recruited the 15th Engineers, a railway construction regiment, and led it to France to join the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF). He directed American construction and forestry work there for a year and received the Army Distinguished Service Medal, the citation for which reads:

"The President of the United States of America, authorized by Act of Congress, July 9, 1918, takes pleasure in presenting the Army Distinguished Service Medal to Brigadier General Edgar Jadwin, United States Army, for exceptionally meritorious and distinguished services to the Government of the United States, in a duty of great responsibility during World War I. As Commanding Officer of the 15th Engineers, General Jadwin inaugurated the important project at Gievres. Later, in charge of the Division of Construction and Forestry, he brought to this important task a splendidly trained mind and exceptionally high skill. His breadth of vision and sound judgment influenced greatly the successful completion of many vast construction projects undertaken by the American Expeditionary Forces."

At the conclusion of the war, President Woodrow Wilson appointed Jadwin to investigate conditions in Poland in 1919. This assignment was followed by an observer assignment in the Ukraine. From 1922 to 1924, Jadwin headed the Corps' Charleston District and Southeast Division. He then served two years as Assistant Chief of Engineers. As Chief of Engineers he sponsored the plan for Mississippi River flood control that was adopted by the United States Congress in May 1928. Jadwin retired as a lieutenant general on August 7, 1929.

Dredge Jadwin
The Vicksburg, Mississippi district of the Army Corps Of Engineers operates a large inland river dredge named after Edgar Jadwin. The dredge Jadwin is used mainly in the deep draft ship crossings of the Lower Mississippi River between Baton Rouge and New Orleans to keep a federally mandated channel depth of no less than 48 feet and width of 500 feet. The Jadwin also operates on the Lower Mississippi River above Baton Rouge to maintain the shallow draft channel of 9 feet deep by 300 feet wide. The dredge is one of 3 Corps owned dredges classified as a "dustpan" dredge, due to the shape of the suction/cutting head which resembles a dustpan.

Dates of rank

Source:

Awards and honors
Jadwin received the Army Distinguished Service Medal, the Companion Order of the Bath from Great Britain, and the Commander in the Legion of Honour from France.

Death and legacy
He died in Gorgas Hospital in the Panama Canal Zone on March 2, 1931, and was buried at Arlington National Cemetery, in Arlington, Virginia.

title: Edgar Jadwin


text:
Category talk:Hudson River

Untitled
I think the bridges and tunnels really belong in a separate subcategory ... Hudson River crossings, perhaps? Daniel Case 04:36, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Hudson River


text:
Jasper Wilson (politician)

Jasper Wilson (October 30, 1819 – June 12, 1896), was a Baptist preacher and a representative from Bulloch County in the Georgia Legislature from 1881–1885.

Jasper was married to Mary Lee and they had seven children. Jasper was a circuit rider and preached in various churches, often walking on foot to some of them. Jasper owned a large plantation near Statesboro, Georgia, and many slaves. During the Civil War, General Sherman's army went through his plantation.

title: Jasper Wilson (politician)


text:
Wes Kidd

Wes Kidd was a founding member of Political Justice?, Rights of the Accused and Triple Fast Action, the latter signing to Capitol Records and Deep Elm Records. He grew up in Glen Ellyn, Illinois, and attended Glenbard West High School. After Triple Fast Action disbanded in 1998, he went on to produce several albums including Jimmy Eat World and The Damnwells as well as tour with Local H as lead guitarist. He became a manager and worked with Cheap Trick, Suffrajett, Brazilian Girls (Grammy Nominated), Los Amigos Invisibles (Latin Grammy Winner), Balkan Beatbox, Evan Dando, Jim Breuer, Joey Ramone's Estate, the Damnwells, Old 97s, Rhett Miller, JD McPherson, Local H, The Yawpers, The Cactus Blossoms, All Them Witches and many others at Red Light Management.

title: Wes Kidd


text:
Haig Colliery Mining Museum

Haig Colliery Mining Museum was a visitor attraction in Kells, on the site of Cumbria's last deep coal mine on the cliffs above Whitehaven in Cumbria, England. It closed in January 2016 due to insolvency.

History
The museum was an independent, volunteer-led project to provide a permanent archive of the local mining history and community resource within the remaining winding engine house, which became a scheduled monument in 1998. One of the two massive steam winding engines had been returned to working order, and many artifacts were on permanent display to help describe the life of the local miners and the social history of the area.

Coal mining in Whitehaven dates back to the 13th century when the monks from St Bees Priory supervised the opening of coal mines at Arrowthwaite. This long history ended abruptly in March 1986, when Haig Colliery, Cumbria's last deep coal mine, finally closed.

During this time, the gassy nature of the mines caused numerous violent explosions. Over 1700 men, women, and children were killed in the Whitehaven pits while mining coal, in tunnel workings up to four miles out beneath the sea bed in the Solway Firth. Haig itself had a terrible record of methane explosions in the 1920s. Fourteen miners are still entombed in the workings to this day.

Building
The mine was a large building that dominated the Kells Industrial Estate, with tall chimneys, working lifts and conveyor belts to transport the coal.

Transportation of coal
The footpath behind the building is called 'The Wagon Road' because in the 1800s, when the coal industry was at its peak in the North West of England, the coal wagons used to go down the wagon road to get to the train track to then transport the coal into the town centre where it would be distributed to the train or to the Whitehaven harbour, one of Britain's main ports at the time.

Closure
The museum closed for repairs in 2014, and after a 2.4 million refurbishment, reopened to the public in February 2015. Even though the museum attracted in excess of its anticipated 15,000 visitor numbers, financial problems meant that by January 2016 the museum had closed. Some of the buildings are being used by West Cumbria Mining as its main operating base whilst it test drills for coal off the Cumbrian coast.

title: Haig Colliery Mining Museum


text:
Open-source governance

Open-source governance (also known as open governance and open politics) is a political philosophy which advocates the application of the philosophies of the open-source and open-content movements to democratic principles to enable any interested citizen to add to the creation of policy, as with a wiki document. Legislation is democratically opened to the general citizenry, employing their collective wisdom to benefit the decision-making process and improve democracy.

Theories on how to constrain, limit or enable this participation vary. Accordingly, there is no one dominant theory of how to go about authoring legislation with this approach. There are a wide array of projects and movements which are working on building open-source governance systems.

Many left-libertarian and radical centrist organizations around the globe have begun advocating open-source governance and its related political ideas as a reformist alternative to current governance systems. Often, these groups have their origins in decentralized structures such as the Internet and place particular importance on the need for anonymity to protect an individual's right to free speech in democratic systems. Opinions vary, however, not least because the principles behind open-source government are still very loosely defined.

Applications of the principles
In practice, several applications have evolved and been used by democratic institutions:
 * Open-government mechanisms including those for public participation and engagement, such as the use of IdeaScale, Google Moderator, Semantic MediaWiki, GitHub, and other software by actual ruling governments – these mechanisms are well-developed, especially in the UK and the US, or by civil society and citizens directly for example, Opengovpioneers in the UK, and the Scottish Nature Finance Pioneers in Scotland.
 * Open-politics forums and wikis, where political issues and arguments can be debated, either within or between political party constraints, taking three distinct forms:
 * Political-party-platform development, in which ideas are solicited from anyone or almost anyone and openly discussed to a point but the ranking and devotion of resources to developing ideas is reserved to party members or supporters. A variant is the non-partisan think-tank or citizen-advocacy group-platform development as has become common in Canada, for example the Dominion Institute policywiki.
 * Citizen journalism forums obeying stricter rules to ensure equal power relationships than is typically the case in blogs, strictly designed to balance libel and free speech laws for a local jurisdiction (following laws strictly is part of the open politics ideal).
 * Open party mechanisms to actually govern and operate formal political parties without the usual insider politics and interest groups that historically have taken over such parties; these experiments have been limited and typically take the form of parties run by referendums or online. An example of this is Italy's Five Star Movement.
 * In the California Assembly, Crowdsourced legislation via a 'wiki bills' website is being initiated via an online wiki, with an introduction deadline of early February, 2015.
 * Hybrid mechanisms which attempt to provide journalistic coverage, political platform development, political transparency, strategic advice, and critique of a ruling government of the same party all at the same time. Dkosopedia is the best known example of this.

Some models are significantly more sophisticated than a plain wiki, incorporating semantic tags, levels of control or scoring to mediate disputes – however this always risks empowering a clique of moderators more than would be the case given their trust position within the democratic entity – a parallel to the common wiki problem of official vandalism by persons entrusted with power by owners or publishers (so-called "sysop vandalism" or "administrative censorship").

Common and simultaneous policy
Some advocates of these approaches, by analogy to software code, argue for a "central codebase" in the form of a set of policies that are maintained in a public registry and that are infinitely reproducible. "Distributions" of this policy-base are released (periodically or dynamically) for use in localities, which can apply "patches" to customize them for their own use. Localities are also able to cease subscribing to the central policy-base and "fork" it or adopt someone else's policy-base. In effect, the government stems from emergent cooperation and self-correction among members of a community. As the policies are put into practice in a number of localities, problems and issues are identified and solved, and where appropriate communicated back to the core.

These goals for instance were cited often during the Green Party of Canada's experiments with open-political-platform development. As one of over a hundred national Green party entities worldwide and the ability to co-ordinate policy among provincial and municipal equivalents within Canada, it was in a good position to maintain just such a central repository of policy, despite being legally separate from those other entities.

Difference from prior initiatives
Open-source governance differs from previous open-government initiatives in its broader emphasis on collaborative processes. After all... ...simply publishing snapshots of government information is not enough to make it open.

History
The "Imagine Halifax" (IH) project was designed to create a citizens' forum for elections in Halifax, Nova Scotia in fall 2004. Founded by Angela Bischoff, the widow of Tooker Gomberg, a notable advocate of combining direct action with open politics methods, IH brought a few dozen activists together to compile a platform (using live meetings and email and seedwiki followup). When it became clear that candidates could not all endorse all elements of the platform, it was then turned into questions for candidates in the election. The best ideas from candidates were combined with the best from activists – the final scores reflected a combination of convergence and originality. In contrast to most such questionnaires, it was easier for candidates to excel by contributing original thought than by simply agreeing. One high scorer, Andrew Younger, had not been involved with the project originally but was elected and appeared on TV with project leader Martin Willison. The project had not only changed its original goal from a partisan platform to a citizen questionnaire, but it had recruited a previously uninvolved candidate to its cause during the election. A key output of this effort was a glossary of about 100 keywords relevant to municipal laws.

The 2004–05 Green Party of Canada Living Platform was a much more planned and designed effort at open politics. As it prepared itself for an electoral breakthrough in the 2004 federal election, the Green Party of Canada began to compile citizen, member and expert opinions in preparation of its platform. During the election, it gathered input even from Internet trolls including supporters of other parties, with no major problems: anonymity was respected and, if they were within the terms of use, comments remained intact. Despite, or perhaps because of, its early success, it was derailed by Jim Harris, the party's leader, when he discovered that it was a threat to his status as a party boss. The Living Platform split off as another service entirely out of GPC control and eventually evolved into OpenPolitics.ca and a service to promote wiki usage among citizens and political groups.

The Liberal Party of Canada also attempted a deep policy renewal effort in conjunction with its leadership race in 2006. While candidates in that race, notably Carolyn Bennett, Stéphane Dion and Michael Ignatieff, all made efforts to facilitate web-threaded policy-driven conversations between supporters, all failed to create lateral relationships and thus also failed to contribute much to the policy renewal effort.

Numerous very different projects related to open-source governance collaborate under the umbrella of the Metagovernment project; Metagovernment uses the term "collaborative governance", most of which are building platforms of open-source governance.
 * Aktivdemokrati is a Direct democratic party, running for the parliament of Sweden Democracylab.org is a Seattle Washington nonprofit (501(c)(3) nonprofit organization, partnered with the Oregon 150 Project, building an online public think tank in which the votes of users determines policy, seeking to connect the values people hold to their positions on issues and the policies they advocate. Votorola is software for building consensus and reaching decisions on local, national and global levels. The White House 2 was a project which crowdsourced the U.S. agenda, "imagining how the White House might work if it was run completely democratically by thousands of people on the internet." Wikicracy has developed a Mediawiki-based platform using most of Open politics criteria These grassroots efforts have been matched by government initiatives that seek similar goals. A more extensive list of these and similar organizations is available externally.

Future Melbourne is a wiki-based collaborative environment for developing Melbourne's 10-year plan. During public consultation periods, it enables the public to edit the plan with the same editing rights as city personnel and councilors.

The New Zealand Police Act Review was a wiki used to solicit public commentary during the public consultation period of the acts review.

At linux.conf.au on January 14, 2015, in Auckland, New Zealand, Australian Audrey Lobo-Pulo presented Evaluating Government Policies Using Open Source Models, agitating for government policy related knowledge, data and analysis to be freely available to everyone to use, modify and distribute without restriction — "a parallel universe where public policy development and analysis is a dynamic, collaborative effort between government and its citizens". Audrey reported that the motivation for her work was personal uncertainty about the nature and accuracy of models, estimates and assumptions used to prepare policies released with the 2014 Australian Federal Government Budget, and whether and to what extent their real world impact is assessed following implementation. A white paper on "Evaluating Government Policies using Open Source Models" was released on September 10, 2015.

Open politics as a distinct theory
The open-politics theory, a narrow application of open-source governance, combines aspects of the free software and open-content movements, promoting decision-making methods claimed to be more open, less antagonistic, and more capable of determining what is in the public interest with respect to public policy issues. It takes special care for instance to deal with equity differences, geographic constraints, defamation versus free political speech, accountability to persons affected by decisions, and the actual standing law and institutions of a jurisdiction. There is also far more focus on compiling actual positions taken by real entities than developing theoretical "best" answers or "solutions". One example, DiscourseDB, simply lists articles pro and con a given position without organizing their argument or evidence in any way.

While some interpret it as an example of "open-source politics", open politics is not a top–down theory but a set of best practices from citizen journalism, participatory democracy and deliberative democracy, informed by e-democracy and netroots experiments, applying argumentation framework for issue-based argument as they evolved in academic and military use through the 1980s to present. Some variants of it draw on the theory of scientific method and market methods, including prediction markets and anticipatory democracy.

Its advocates often engage in legal lobbying and advocacy to directly change laws in the way of the broader application of the technology, e.g. opposing political libel cases in Canada, fighting libel chill generally, and calling for clarification of privacy and human rights law especially as they relate to citizen journalism. They are less focused on tools although the semantic mediawiki and tikiwiki platforms seem to be generally favored above all others.

title: Open-source governance


text:
Daughters of Liberty

The Daughters of Liberty was the formal female association that was formed in 1765 to protest the Stamp Act, and later the Townshend Acts, and was a general term for women who identified themselves as fighting for liberty during the American Revolution.

Activities
The main task of the Daughters of Liberty was to protest the Stamp Act and Townshend Acts through aiding the Sons of Liberty in boycotts and non-importation movements prior to the outbreak of the Revolutionary War. The Daughters of Liberty participated in spinning bees, helping to produce homespun cloth for colonists to wear instead of British textiles. Women were also used as the enforcers of these movements because they were the ones responsible for purchasing goods for their households. They saw it as their duty to make sure that fellow Patriots were staying true to their word about boycotting British goods.

The Daughters of Liberty are also well known for their boycott of British tea after the Tea Act was passed and the British East India Company was given a virtual monopoly on colonial tea. They began drinking what was later known as "liberty tea." Leaves from raspberries or New Jersey tea (Ceanothus americanus) were commonly used as tea substitutes so people could still enjoy tea while refusing to buy goods imported through Britain.

Chapters of the Daughters of Liberty throughout the colonies participated in the war effort by melting down metal for bullets and helping to sew soldiers’ uniforms. The famed leader of the Sons of Liberty, Samuel Adams, is reported as saying, "With ladies on our side, we can make every Tory tremble."

Women associated with the Daughters of Liberty

 * Sarah Bradlee Fulton is most known for her role in the 1773 Boston Tea Party. She is credited with coming up with the idea that Tea Party participants should wear Mohawk disguises to avoid detection from British officials. This suggestion earned her the nickname, "Mother of the Tea Party." She was an active member of the Daughters of Liberty throughout the Revolution, and in later years, she helped to coordinate volunteer nurses to assist with the Battle of Bunker Hill.
 * Sarah Franklin Bache was a Daughter of Liberty and the daughter of diplomat Benjamin Franklin. Other than her parentage, she is most known for helping to outfit American Soldiers in 1780.
 * Martha Washington, wife of George Washington and First Lady of the United States, joined General Washington during long winter encampments where she was instrumental in providing as much as she could for soldiers.
 * Esther de Berdt Reed is best known for creating the Patriot organization, The Ladies of Philadelphia in 1778, which was dedicated to raising money for food and clothing for the Continental Army. Even though she was born in London, she became alienated from Britain by the crown's actions toward the colonies and decided to fully support the Patriot cause. She is also the author of "Sentiments of an American Woman," an essay that intended to rouse colonial women to join the fight against the British. She was able to use her marriage to Joseph Reed to help her gain more influence and resources.
 * Deborah Sampson later emerged as a symbol for female involvement in the Revolutionary War. Rather than supporting the war effort from the outside, she dressed as a man and fought in the war under the name Robert Shurtlieff. She fought in 1781 and her future husband was eventually awarded a pension for her service in the war, albeit after his death.
 * Elizabeth Nichols Dyar mixed and applied paint to the men of the Boston Tea Party. She is buried at the Elizabeth Nichols Dyar Memorial in Phillips, Maine, where she lived with her husband Joseph Dyar.

title: Daughters of Liberty