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Scott Shenker

Scott J. Shenker (born January 24, 1956) is an American computer scientist, and professor of computer science at the University of California, Berkeley. He is also the leader of the Extensible Internet Group at the International Computer Science Institute in Berkeley, California.

Over his career, Shenker has made research contributions in the areas of energy-efficient processor scheduling, resource sharing, and software-defined networking. In 2002, he received the SIGCOMM Award in recognition of his "contributions to Internet design and architecture, to fostering research collaboration, and as a role model for commitment and intellectual rigor in networking research".

Shenker is an ISI Highly Cited researcher. According to Google Scholar he is one of the five highest-ranked American computer scientists, with total citations exceeding 100,000.

Biography
Shenker received his Sc.B. in physics from Brown University in 1978, and his PhD in physics from University of Chicago in 1983. In 2007, he received an honorary doctorate from the same university.

After working as a postdoctoral associate at Cornell University, he joined the research staff at Xerox PARC. He left PARC in 1998 to help found the AT&T Center for Internet Research, which was later renamed the ICSI Center for Internet Research (ICIR).

In 1995, Shenker contributed to the field of energy-efficient processor scheduling, co-authoring a paper on deadline-based scheduling with Frances Yao and Alan Demers. From 1995 to 2001, while working at Xerox PARC and later ICSI, he was an adjunct associate professor at the University of Southern California.

In 2002, Shenker joined the Berkeley faculty and received the SIGCOMM Award in recognition of his "contributions to Internet design and architecture, to fostering research collaboration, and as a role model for commitment and intellectual rigor in networking research".

In 2006, he received the IEEE Internet Award for "contributions towards an understanding of resource sharing on the Internet."

He is a Fellow of the ACM and IEEE and a member of the National Academy of Engineering. In 2016 he became a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He is the brother of string theorist Stephen Shenker.

Shenker is a leader in the movement toward software-defined networking (SDN). He is the co-founder of the Open Networking Foundation and of Nicira Networks.

In June 2021, Berkeley announced that Shenker had donated $25 million toward the university's computing and data science initiatives, making him and colleague Ion Stoica two of Berkeley's top benefactors.

He is one of the inventors of Dominant resource fairness.

Publications (selection)

 * H. Li, A. Ghodsi, M. Zaharia, S. Shenker, and I. Stoica, "Tachyon: Reliable, Memory Speed Storage for Cluster Computing Frameworks," in ACM Symposium on Cloud Computing, 2014.
 * M. Zaharia, T. Das, H. Li, T. Hunter, S. Shenker, and I. Stoica, "Discretized Streams: Fault-Tolerant Streaming Computation at Scale," in ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles, 2013.
 * R. S. Xin, J. Rosen, M. Zaharia, M. Franklin, S. Shenker, and I. Stoica, "Shark: SQL and Rich Analytics at Scale," EECS Department, University of California, Berkeley, Tech. Rep. UCB/EECS-2012-214, Nov. 2012.
 * J. Feigenbaum and S. Shenker, "Distributed algorithmic mechanism design: Recent results and future directions," in Proc. 6th Intl. Workshop on Discrete Algorithms and Methods for Mobile Computing and Communications, New York, NY: ACM Press, 2002, pp. 1–13.
 * S. Ratnasamy, P. Francis, M. Handley, R. M. Karp, and S. Shenker, "A scalable content-addressable network," in Proc. ACM SIGCOMM 2001 Conf.: Applications, Technologies, Architectures, and Protocols for Computer Communications, New York, NY: The Association for Computing Machinery, Inc., 2001, pp. 161–172.
 * R. Braden, D. Clark, and S. Shenker, "Integrated Services in the Internet Architecture: An Overview," Internet Engineering Task Force, Tech. Rep. RFC 1633, June 1994.
 * A. Demers, S. Keshav, and S. Shenker, "Analysis and simulation of a fair queueing algorithm," in Proc. SIGCOMM '89 Symp. on Communications Architectures and Protocols, New York, NY: ACM Press, 1989, pp. 1–12.
 * A. Demers, D. Greene, C. Hauser, W. Irish, J. Larson, S. Shenker, H. Sturgis, D. Swinehart, and D. Terry, "Epidemic algorithms for replicated database maintenance," in Proc. 6th Annual ACM Symp. on Principles of Distributed Computing, F. B. Schneider, Ed., New York, NY: ACM Press, 1987, pp. 1–12.

title: Scott Shenker


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Category:Polycyclic nonaromatic hydrocarbons

This category contains polycyclic nonaromatic hydrocarbons that contain multiple fused ring systems

Compare:

 * Category:Aromatic compounds
 * Category:Antiaromatic compounds

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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User talk:Incrediculous

Welcome to Wikipedia!
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If you have any questions, feel free to ask me on my talk page. Thanks and happy editing, Alf 16:47, 28 August 2005 (UTC).

title: User talk:Incrediculous


text:
Premier Reserve League

The Premier Reserve League (officially known as The Barclays Premier Reserve League for sponsorship reasons) was the reserve team league for the top English football teams in the Premier League. The league was split into a northern and a southern division.

The league started out in 1999, replacing The Central League in the north and The Football Combination in the south as the top level of reserve-team football, although those competitions continued for lower-level teams and from 2004 to 2005, the regional champions would play-off for the title.

From the 2006–07 edition until its disbandment, the league was only open to sides whose senior teams were one of the 20 members of the Premier League. As a result, a senior team's relegation from the Premier League would mean relegation for the reserve team from the Premier Reserve League and replacement by the reserve team of the promoted team from the Championship.

Tottenham Hotspur decided against entering a side for the 2009–10 Premier Reserve League season and other teams followed suit in the 2 following seasons. The final season was the 2011–12 season. At the end of that season, it was replaced by an Under-21 competition, called the Professional Development League 1.

Winners
From 2004-05 the League instigated a play-off between the champions of the two sections. In that first season Northern Champions Manchester United Reserves beat Southern Champions Charlton Athletic Reserves 4–2 at The Valley. In the 2005–06 play-off, held at Old Trafford, Manchester United Reserves beat Tottenham Hotspur Reserves 2–0. The 2007 final, held at the Madejski Stadium, Reading beat Bolton 2–0. Liverpool Reserves beat Aston Villa Reserves 3–0 in the 2008 final at Anfield. Aston Villa reached the final again next season and beat Sunderland 3–1 at Villa Park. In the 2009–10 play-off match, held again at Old Trafford, Manchester United beat Aston Villa 3–2 in a penalty shoot-out after the game ended 3–3. In the 2010–11 playoff match, Chelsea defeated Blackburn 5–4 in a penalty shoot-out, after the game ended 1–1 at Stamford Bridge. In the 2011–12 season finale held at Old Trafford, Manchester United Reserves beat Aston Villa Reserves 3–1 on penalties after the game ended 0–0 in normal time.

title: Premier Reserve League


text:
Talk:List of graphic adventure games

New Larrys
What about the new Leisure Suit Larry games that were launched in the 2000s decade and 2010s decade ? They are not in the list. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 189.36.231.16 (talk) 21:49, 22 May 2020 (UTC)

7th guest / 11th hour
What exactly disqualifies these games from the list?145.100.125.133 (talk) 06:39, 24 November 2011 (UTC)

 * As of 2022, The 7th Guest and The 11th Hour are included in the list. Sapientia Obscura (talk) 21:44, 5 August 2022 (UTC)

Legend Entertainment games
Added the 6 games that were missing from the list. But some (the first 7) games are illustrated IF, not graphic adventures. Check here. I think they should be removed (they better fit in a list of text adventures/IF). Any thoughts? --Pikazis (talk) 12:25, 22 August 2012 (UTC)

 * Tough call; They are more traditional text-parser games, but it says you can interact with them by clicking on the image in many cases, which I'd say makes them graphical. I'd say we should err on the side of completeness, since the defining trait listed at Graphic adventure game is the fact you can see the situation, instead of relying solely on a description. "graphic adventures revolutionized gameplay by making use of visual human perception.", which would seem to include the Legend games, if only just. --Canageek (talk) 19:14, 21 September 2012 (UTC)

How to address the tag: "needs additional citations"
Hi all. I wanted to start a discussion here so that we can come to a consensus on what kind of referencing would best work for this article, and in doing so, address the weaknesses raised by the "needs additional citations" tag. One possible approach is to add an additional column to the list, labelled "References", within which to add inline citations for each of items included in the list. Any thoughts? (talk) user:Al83tito 19:15, 30 June 2018 (UTC)
 * The sheer existence of a game is a trivial information and thus does not need citation. A list of things doesn't generally need citation. In some cases the classification of a game as "graphic adventure" may be doubtable for the reader and thus needs sources (game mags etc.) that classify the game as such. In some cases a game may be so rare or obscure that the reader may question its existence, in that case a citation can help. On a side note, the "notes" column is superfluous as it contains information that belongs into the game article, not into this list. Kind regards, Grueslayer 09:00, 1 July 2018 (UTC)
 * Hi User:Grueslayer. In response to your remark: "The sheer existence of a game is a trivial information and thus does not need citation. A list of things doesn't generally need citation." I'm not sure this is correct, assuming I'm not misreading MOS:LIST. The MOS says: "The items on these lists might include links to specific articles or other information, and must be supported with references like any article. [...] Lists, whether they are stand-alone lists (also called list articles) or embedded lists, are encyclopedic content just as paragraph-only articles or sections are. Therefore, all individual items on the list must follow Wikipedia's content policies: the core content policies of Verifiability (through good sources in the item's one or more references), [...] Reaching consensus on the talk page before editing the list itself not only saves time in the long run, but also helps make sure that each item on the list is well referenced and [...] When an item meets the requirements of the Verifiability policy, readers of the list can check an item's reference to see that the information comes from a reliable source. [...] Even if you're sure that an item is relevant to the list's topic, you must find a good source that verifies this knowledge before you add it to the list (although you can suggest it on the talk page), and add that source in a reference next to the item." --2001:1C06:19CA:D600:7015:D73C:A515:90B5 (talk) 15:48, 15 August 2023 (UTC)

Inclusion criteria
An IP removed some indie games from the list because There is merit to that: the AGS website alone details over 2600 games (100 per page). More importantly, there's also WP:NOTCATALOG to consider - listing every adventure game in existence would go against WP's purposes. Some objective criteria of relevance appears necessary, such as being described by reliable sources as an adventure game (there is already a tag demanding more citations) or having an article (which usually indicates it has established notability). -- Laukku  TheGreit (Talk•Contribs) 18:00, 6 August 2022 (UTC)
 * I guess games that have articles are safe shots. For the rest common sense says that notability must seem at least likely. So the notability guidelines that apply to articles on video games apply to list entries here as well. Maybe a bit less strict. As a reader I would want to find somewhat less notable entries here as well, but not non-commercial games (unless notable for whatever the reason). Regarding games from, say, the 90's, "commercial release" could be a valid criterion, but today every Tom, Dick and Harry can release their home-made game on Steam, so that's no longer applicable. I have no solution at hand. But there's more lists on WP than this one, some with awards, so there should be applicable rules out there. Kind regards, Grueslayer 19:38, 6 August 2022 (UTC)
 * I'm wondering why there even is a list for this, when we use a category for Category:Point-and-click adventure games... This list currently has 800+ entries, and could easily be expanded to include 2000+, even with relatively strict criteria discussed above. Is that really something we want? --2001:1C06:19CA:D600:7015:D73C:A515:90B5 (talk) 16:00, 15 August 2023 (UTC)

Adventure games
This list includes entries of games that are adventure games but not graphic adventure games. Probably with the best intentions, editors have added games such as Stray, which is an "adventure game" and a game that uses "graphics", but is not a "graphic adventure game". Allowing additions without references might exacerbate the problem. One problem with the article is that there is no lead section. A lead could explain to readers what exactly are graphic adventure games. There are several links to graphic adventure game, but likely that's insufficient. Because that's a vague 'lead' for several subsections that include many types of games, from walking simulators to escape the room games. It's actually kind of funny that there's no List of point-and-click adventure games, even though that subset of adventure games is far more distinct. There is a category for these games though. Hm. --2001:1C06:19CA:D600:7015:D73C:A515:90B5 (talk) 16:16, 15 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Or is every game that has graphics and an adventure a "graphic adventure game"? Because if it is, then it includes such an insane amount of (commercial) games that we should never even have tried to create this list. --2001:1C06:19CA:D600:7015:D73C:A515:90B5 (talk) 16:37, 15 August 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of graphic adventure games


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Brisbane City Hall

Brisbane City Hall, in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, is the seat of the Brisbane City Council. It is located adjacent to King George Square, where the rectangular City Hall has its main entrance. The City Hall also has frontages and entrances in both Ann Street and Adelaide Street. The building design is based on a combination of the Roman Pantheon, and St Mark's Campanile in Venice and is considered one of Brisbane's finest buildings. It was listed on the Register of the National Estate in 1978 and on the Queensland Heritage Register in 1992. It is also iconic for its Westminster chimes which sound on the quarter-hour.

The building has been used for royal receptions, pageants, orchestral concerts, the Lord Mayor's Seniors Christmas Concerts, civic greetings, flower shows, school graduations and political meetings. In 2008, it was discovered that the building had severe structural problems. After a three-year restoration, it re-opened on 6 April 2013.

History
The City Hall was once the tallest building in Brisbane (see external links below for image from 1958). The building was designed by the firm Hall and Prentice, in association with four young New South Wales Architects: Bruce Dellit, Peter Kaad, Emil Sodersten and Noel Wilson.

Choosing a site
Although there was a strong desire to construct a new city hall, there were many years of debating the best location for it. Charles Moffatt Jenkinson, the mayor of Brisbane in 1914, is credited with having finalised the decision to construct the city hall at Albert Square (now known as King George Square), by selling the alternative site in Fortitude Valley to the Catholic Church who proposed to construct the Holy Name Cathedral on that site.

Laying the foundations
The first foundation stone was laid on Saturday 3 February 1917 by Queensland Governor (Major Sir Hamilton J. Goold-Adams) in advance of the building's construction. The stone was placed facing Albert Square (now King George Square). At the time there were no plans for the new building. The stone was hollowed to allow a time capsule to be placed within it. The time capsule was a zinc cylinder; it contained:

 * copies of the Brisbane daily newspapers
 * copy of the Proclamation of the Incorporation of the City
 * a copy of the minutes of the first meeting of the City Council
 * a copy of the minutes of the meeting at which the council resolved to lay this foundation stone
 * one of each of the current coins of the realm
 * a message of good wishes from the Governor

However, it was later found to be out of alignment, and it was removed. In 1935, it was claimed that the stone was in a Brisbane City Council depot in Macrossan Street. However, in 1954, it was claimed that the original foundation stone was lost as it was believed to have been used as part of a building's foundations.

Brisbane Jackson family firm Synchronome Electrical Company designed and built the clock.

The second (and current) foundation stone was laid on 29 July 1920 by Edward, Prince of Wales (later King Edward VIII / Duke of Windsor), with an opal encrusted 18ct gold and trowel, designed by Peter Kaad.

The site was swampy and contained a creek. Pumping was needed to keep the site dry. Construction operations began in 1920. One man died as he was inspecting the construction site.

Opening
Although not complete, the building was occupied from 3 January 1928. The lord mayor William Jolly presented a cheque, paying for his electricity bill, as the first official transaction in the new building.

Brisbane City Hall was opened in 1930 by Queensland Governor (Sir John Goodwin). The building was officially opened on 8 April 1930 by Lord Mayor of Brisbane William Jolly. However it had been partially occupied since 1927. In 1969 the council commenced the acquisition of the properties to the south of the City Hall, and in 1975 opened the Brisbane Administration Centre (or BAC), a 20-floor tower and surrounding plaza. Most of the council's offices then moved from the City hall to the BAC. The Council Chambers (located on second floor of the Adelaide Street side of the building) and the Lord Mayor's and Deputy Lord Mayor's offices remain however in City Hall.

Organ
The 4,391 pipes organ was built in 1891 by Henry Willis & Sons Organ Builders in Liverpool, UK, for the Brisbane Exhibition Building at Bowen Park. It remained in the Exhibition Concert Hall until it was moved to the Brisbane City Hall in 1927. The City Hall's first organ recital was held in 1929. The organ concert held on 14 November 2009 celebrated the 80th anniversary of the organ installation in the Brisbane City Hall and was the last organ recital before building restoration commenced. When City Hall closed on 31 December 2009, the organ was totally dismantled and removed from the building for storage. It was planned that the organs would return to the hall three years later.

1980s restoration
In the 1980s, work commenced on a full-scale restoration of the building, opening up the side entrance vestibules and restoring a number of the reception rooms to their original design. These reception rooms are named for former local government areas subsumed into Greater Brisbane in 1925, such as the Sherwood Room, and the Ithaca Room. From 2003 the Museum of Brisbane replaced administration offices and had galleries positioned on both sides of the building's entrance from King George Square.

2010–2013 restoration
Serious problems were identified with the building, including subsidence, concrete cancer, a lack of reinforcing in the concrete and old wiring. The Brisbane City Council set up a taskforce to address the issues, raise awareness, co-ordinate restoration and raise funds. The Brisbane City Hall closed on 31 December 2009, for the three-year restoration project.

To undergo large scale restoration works, Brisbane City Hall was closed until April 2013. The restoration works involved replacement of all building services (electrical, mechanical, fire, hydraulic systems etc.), structural works to building interiors, dome and auditorium and conservation of the original heritage surfaces and building façade. The grand organs were removed from the building for the duration of the building works. The Museum of Brisbane was combined into a single venue on the 3rd floor.

The Brisbane City Hall was officially reopened to the public on Saturday, 6 April 2013 following a re-dedication ceremony and celebrations. The renovation cost $215 million.

Design and construction
The building was designed according to the Italian Renaissance style, symmetrical and formal. It has three floors and a partial basement. The total cost of the project including furniture, fit-out and furnishing was approximately. Chariot statues included in the original plans were discarded to save costs.

The columns supporting the tympanum are of the Corinthian order while the columns extending on either side are of the Ionic order. Lions heads are found above these columns. Above the main entrance is a bronze awning and the doors are also made of bronze.

Clock tower
Brisbane City Hall has a 64 m clock tower (rising 87.47 m above ground level), based on the design of the St Mark's Campanile in Venice, Italy. When it was built, the four clock faces on each side of the tower were the largest in Australia. Each clock face is 4.8 m in diameter, the hour hands are 1.7 m, and the minute hands are 3.0 m long. The clock has Westminster Chimes, which sound on the quarter-hour, and can be heard from the Queen St Mall and, at times, in the surrounding suburbs. The time keeping is controlled by a master clock imported from England. The dials, hands and slave mechanisms were designed and built in Brisbane by Synchonome. Above the clocks is an observation platform, accessible by lift, which can is open to the public year round. For many years this afforded extensive views of Brisbane, but since the relaxation of height limits for surrounding buildings in the late 1960s, the view is now somewhat restricted.

Auditorium
The centre of City Hall features an auditorium, based on the Pantheon, Rome, and several smaller reception rooms. The auditorium is a large circular hall that can seat up to 1,600 people and is covered by the largest copper dome in the southern hemisphere. Beneath this dome there are 8,500 LED lights that display a light show. When originally built it was intended that the building would house most of the council's administrative offices, Aldermen's (councillors') offices, the Council Chamber, a public library and several reception rooms, in addition to the auditorium. As the role of local government increased in the 1950s and 1960s, the reception rooms, hallways and side entrance vestibules (in Adelaide and Ann Streets) were converted to office space. Additional offices were constructed on the roof and in the basement.

Construction material
The building is constructed of concrete, brick and steel, with a base of granite extracted by the first builder, Arthur Midson, from his quarry at Camp Mountain near Samford. This deposit was worked just for the City Hall project. Above Midson's granite base courses, the east, north and west sides are clad in Helidon freestone, a type of sandstone extracted from Wright's Quarry at Helidon. The sandstone cladding was constructed (together with the rest of the building) by builder Douglas Dunn Carrick. The clock tower has a steel framework, and is clad in the same sandstone. The interior includes four marble columns, two of which support an arch above a ground marble staircase. Granite for the ground floor and basement was sourced from Enoggera.

Tympanum
The sculptured tympanum within the pediment above the portico and entrance, was carved by Brisbane sculptor Daphne Mayo during construction of the Hall and depicts the settlement of Queensland. The gown-clad female figure in the centre depicts "progress" or "enlightenment", while settlers with their cattle and explorers with their horses, move out from under her protecting arms to claim the land from the indigenous people and native animals, who are represented by two aboriginal males crouching in the left hand corner, and a fleeing kangaroo. To the right corner one can see a young European male and female, adjoined by a sheep and a row of books and an artist's palette representing the new European nation, agriculture and civilisation. According to a souvenir of the official opening, the central figure represents the state protecting its citizens, while the left hand side depicts "native life dying out at the approach of the white man" and the right hand side depicts "explorers discovering the new possibilities of the land in its industries". The tympanum measures 16.5 m long with a height of 3 m at its centre. The sculpture was unveiled eight months after the building was officially opened.

Since at least 1953, the sculptures have been the subject of controversy with the sculptor Daphne Mayo confirming at that time that the piece depicts the superiority of white colonial civilisation over Indigenous Australians. Pigeons nested in the statues at the time, leading a Methodist minister when criticising the figures to argue that 'birds should allowed to continue their work of covering the figures'. However, in 2022 Council stated it had no plans to remove or changes the statues in the face of calls to do so by Indigenous activists due to their inability to be removed because of their heritage listing.

King George V and lions
The bronze lion sculptures and statue of King George V, in front of the King George Square façade of Brisbane City Hall, were initially part of the King George V memorial, which was unveiled in 1938 as a tribute to the King from the citizens of Brisbane. The statue initially faced towards city hall, however this was changed in 1975 following a visit by Queen Elizabeth II, who remarked, 'why is grandpapa retreating?' upon seeing the statue. In 2007, the lions, modelled on the bronze lions of Trafalgar Square, and the statue were removed for renovations to the Square. They were re-incorporated into the newly redeveloped King George Square in 2009.

The Petrie family
An accompanying bronze work to complement the King George V pediment sculpture, based on the life of the pioneering Brisbane family, the Petrie's (famously of Brisbane's first mayor John Petrie), known as the Petrie Tableau.

King George Square
The City Hall faces King George Square, named in honour of King George V. Originally this area, between Ann and Adelaide Streets, was much narrower than at present and was called Albert Square. In the late 1960s premises on the square opposite the City Hall were acquired by the City Council, demolished and the area levelled to form a larger square. The creation of the enlarged square was criticised in some quarters as it resulted in the removal of the original imposing flight of stone stairs in front of the building, when the ground level in front of the City Hall was raised to the level of the main entrance. When Albert Square was redeveloped into King George Square, the existing fountain at Albert Square was relocated to Wynnum.

King George Square is a common place for public gatherings, rallies and protest marches. As part of the Inner-Northern Busway project, King George Square has been remodelled.

Forme del Mito
Forme del Mito, a collection of large bronze thematic sculptured works by Italian artist Arnaldo Pomodoro, one of the more prominent works of art collected for and displayed at Brisbane's Expo '88, previously took pride of place in King George Square. In 2007, they were removed for renovation to take place. They are now situated at the foot of Jacob's Ladder, at the entrance to Wickham Terrace.

2008/2009 developments
Redevelopment of King George Square, in front of the Brisbane City Hall, included a new re-modelled public plaza, restaurants, gift shops and a stage. It was completed in October 2009, for the 150th Anniversary of Brisbane as State Capital of Queensland,

It is also the site of the new underground King George Square busway station, linking the Queen Street bus station with the Roma Street Station and the northern suburbs.

Current use
Following the 2010–2013 redevelopment, City Hall's role is primarily to support public gatherings, although it was the major Brisbane venue for classical concerts and arts events for decades, hosting such singers as Richard Tauber and Peter Dawson. In addition to the main auditorium, reception rooms that had been converted to administration spaces over the years have been restored to their original purpose. An industrial kitchen installed in the basement during the renovations provides catering support for events; previously external caterers had to be used, however now City Hall is managed on behalf of Brisbane City Council by EPICURE. Functions, concerts and events can still be hosted by contacting EPICURE.

The Museum of Brisbane is now relocated into a purpose-built facility on the rooftop. In addition to a changing program of exhibitions, the museum also operates tours of the building and tours of the clock tower.

There are two privately operated cafes in City Hall, the Red Cross Cafe and the Shingle Inn. The Shingle Inn cafe was originally not part of City Hall but was located in Edward Street and was demolished as part of the Queen's Plaza development. However, the iconic interior fittings of the Shingle Inn Cafe were removed and put into storage, allowing it to be reconstructed within the City Hall.

The only administrative functions remaining in the city hall are the Council Chambers (located on second floor of the Adelaide Street side of the building) and the Lord Mayor's and Deputy Lord Mayor's offices.

Awards
In 2009, as part of the Q150 celebrations, the Brisbane City Hall was announced as one of the Q150 Icons of Queensland for its role as a "structure and engineering feat".

title: Brisbane City Hall


text:
User talk:DmitriyV

Welcome to Wikipedia!
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia!

Here are some tips:
 * Take a look at the Simplified Ruleset.
 * Read the Tutorial, How to edit a page and the Manual of Style.
 * Find out how to revert, move and merge pages.
 * Sign your posts on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~).
 * Add yourself to the New user log and a regional notice board
 * Ask questions at the Village pump or Help desk.
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 * Take a look at Consensus of standards
 * Create a User page
 * Be bold
 * Ignore all rules

If you feel a change is needed, feel free to make it yourself! Wikipedia is a wiki, so anyone (yourself included) can edit any article by following the  link. Wikipedia convention is to be bold and not be afraid of making mistakes. If you're not sure how editing works, have a look at How to edit a page, or try out the Sandbox to test your editing skills.

If, for some reason, you are unable to fix a problem yourself, feel free to ask someone else to do it. Wikipedia has a vibrant community of contributors who have a wide range of skills and specialties, and many of them would be glad to help. As well as the wiki community pages there are IRC Channels, where you are more than welcome to ask for assistance.

If you have any questions, feel free to ask me on my talk page. Thanks and happy editing, Alf 16:48, 28 August 2005 (UTC).

Codecs Implementations
I don't see the purpose of this template? It's a random collection of unrelated things (e.g video compression formats and archiving software?) —Ruud 01:37, 14 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Main idea - to simplify navigation throw archiving programs. Maybe it's resonable remove non-popular to make template more useful.DmitriyV 08:42, 14 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Template has been moved to Compression Software Implementations Q  T C 11:14, 30 June 2007 (UTC)

WikiProject Free Software
Greetings,, I notice that you're interested in open-source/free software. Please consider joining WikiProject Free Software. We're just starting out, and we could really use some more members. Thanks! Geekman314(contact me) 17:01, 17 February 2007 (UTC)

Courtesy messages
Please do not add inappropriate external links to Wikipedia. Wikipedia is not a mere directory of links, nor should it be used for advertising or promotion. Inappropriate links include (but are not limited to) links to personal web sites, links to web sites with which you are affiliated, and links that attract visitors to a web site or promote a product. See the external links guideline and spam policy for further explanations. Since Wikipedia uses nofollow tags, external links do not alter search engine rankings. If you feel the link should be added to the article, then please discuss it on the article's talk page before reinserting it. (Requestion 16:56, 30 May 2007 (UTC))

Fractal Compression
Hi Dmitry, we are having a dispute on the Fractal Compression page. Your input would be most appreciated. Best, Spot (talk) 22:54, 29 February 2008 (UTC)

RfD nomination of Сonstant bit rate
I have nominated for discussion. Your opinions on the matter are welcome; please participate in the discussion by adding your comments at the discussion page. Thank you. — the Man in Question (in question)  08:08, 6 January 2010 (UTC)

IEEE technical societies
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title: User talk:DmitriyV


text:
Talk:Fuse (TV channel)

Critisism Section Disappearance?
A brief look at this page indicate to me a strong bias, not in opposition to FUSE, on the contrary, it sounds like it's try to make FUSE out to be a diverse and eclectic music station, something it isn't and hasn't been for a long time. It's well worth mentioning that FUSE used to play music videos ranging from punk to metal to alternative, as the times changed modern rock and emo became the staple, now it plays Top 40 Pop & Hip-Hop; Truth be told, it's actually become progressively less "diverse" and now caters to IMO the lowest denominator. When MTV went in a more commercial direction, FUSE kept the old charm that MTV orginally had, playing videos by unknown artists and devoteing special programs to genres like Heavy Metal, Hardcore, Grunge i.e. not radio-friendly. Now that MTV has moved on to Reality Shows (as did VH1... ugh), FUSE again decided to take the marketing niche that MTV left behind, even though people who watched FUSE enjoyed it precisely because it DIDN'T play the popular stuff and gave something different and at times challanging to the music-listening public.

I've repeatedly watched FUSE lately in an attempt to see if some of that what made then admired was still there... I watched count-down after count-down which consisted solely of Nicki Minaj, Lil Wayne, Eminem, and Lady Gaga. To my knowledge, the only time they play anything that isnt by one of these "artists" it during or around the time of Vans Warp Tour. Even then, they only play songs by bands like Gyn Class Heros i.e. musicians who had already "gotten their foot in the door" so to speak by cracking the Top-40 at one point or another; they wouldn't dare play music like The Casulaties, simply because "nobody knows them".

In any case, I think I've made my point. Unless anyone objects, I will reinstate the criticism section outlining some of the things I just mentioned. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.140.104.120 (talk) 05:43, 30 July 2011 (UTC)

Opinions in Encyclopedias
Encyclopedias should contain facts,not opinions. "Fuse, as of late, has become a shadow of its former self. It sucks, in other words. Honestly, even MTV2's better. When an MTV network is better than you, well, you're pretty pathetic. Sorry, Fuse, but you suck," should be removed, for it sounds as if a teenager wrote it.

Disambiguation
This doesn't show up on the disabiguation page for the word "Fuse", I personally would never have thought to look under "Fuse channel", it’s never referred to as that. I only found it via Google.

 * Currently, the "Fuse" disambiguation page lists "Fuse (television)" which redirects here. --SWalkerTTU 22:42, 1 January 2006 (UTC)

Clean-up
Does this still need more clean-up? —SWalkerTTU 22:43, 1 January 2006 (UTC)

Jumped the Shark
I have removed the term "Jump the Shark," as it refers to a television program, not a station or network.

VJ Taiwan Brown
Who is Brown? Hardcore fan or new vj?

His myspace His Domain ... when you find out if is a vj please remove the 'no black vjs' remark!

--72.79.84.62 22:35, 8 June 2006 (UTC)

this guy works for fuse too?

Fuse and Emo Music
A criticism has been written that Fuse has been very emo based lately. However, I would venture to say that Fuse is just rock/alternative/punk based in general compared to MTV which is more hip-hop/rap based. In rock music right now, emo is what is popular. Even more so, emo is hard to define itself, its more of a catch all term that refers to the current wave of post-punk, hardcore, and punk music with major scenes being in Chicago, Ohio, Jersey, and elsewhere.

I wouldnt say that fuse being emo focused is a bad thing. Maybe this should be included under format.

Also, somebody did write "emo sucks". Somebody should probably take that out.

Spelling of "fuse"
I just got a fuse newsletter today, in which every mention of the channel's name is shown as "fuse". Shouldn't we change this on the article page?

its is "fuse"

When used in print (i.e., articles, press releases, etc.), the network is properly spelled as "Fuse". Therefore, all references within Wikipedia should also use a capital "F".

Channel X
The footnote for the Channel X fact simply links to Myspace, which takes you to the login screen.

Fuse also seems to have somewhat of an unofficial partenership with Chicago based Victory Records, and gives special attention/air-time to emerging acts from the Chicago emo scene.

THERE IS NO EMO SCENE It's called Pop-Rock-_-

List of shows..
This article needs a list of show & list of show that got canceled(like video IQ)

Pants Off Dance Off
I don't think PODO should be considered anexample of a non music realted show, considering all the dancing is done to music videos.

This page needs a lot of work especially the criticism section, I've fixed up as much as I knew how. DevelopmentArrested 00:05, 3 February 2007 (UTC)

Rap City Non-Sequitur
Can someone clarify the section about MuchMusic USA/Rap City/"the last Canadian show" to be aired? Was there a reason for this? Did it perform poorly, was it complained about? It seems like a really weird segway. DaveWF 04:51, 28 March 2007 (UTC)
 * It was just the last MuchMusic show to air on MuchUSA, by fall 2002 the only Much shows that were left were 90 minutes of Videoflow weekday afternoons at 3pm and Rap City at 11pm, Videoflow was dropped in December, Rap City continued airing for the next month or so.Kyl416 (talk) 06:21, 10 June 2010 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Fuse (television).PNG
Image:Fuse (television).PNG is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 11:09, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

Taiwan Brown
i wanted to help out on this site, and i seen that someone needed info on this guy... i been looking on google and can kinda confirm that he was a vj (or was almost one) i seen post on the fuse fourms and also on the archive.org versions of his site stated fuse vj with one screen grab of him on fuse..

http://a92.ac-images.myspacecdn.com/00074/19/01/74721091_l.jpg

can anyone help me out?

also, who is k.k. holiday? maybe they hosted together? DellPCfan 14:36, 28 June 2007 (UTC)

Technical issues
I deleted most of the technical lissues section becuase it is mostly irrelevent. I moved some of it into the citicism secction. However I have also noticed the sound compression problems to be true, one example would be Linkin Park's What I've Done video, which sounds terrible on fuse. However this all needs a source. DevelopmentArrested 05:18, 3 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Well someone reverted it right back, any reason? It's a really terrible sectionDevelopmentArrested 05:21, 3 September 2007 (UTC)

Music Stock Program
Fuse TV had a TV show that worked like a stock exchange only with artists and songs. It aired in 2003 and probably into 2004. I never participated in it, but I believe fans could win prizes with a certain number of points by acquiring popular artists and songs via the Internet. They would raise and lower in "value" much like stocks. This was a significant program on Fuse and quite unique, but I don't see information on it here. I can't remember the name of the show but probably would if I saw it. Cale (talk) 20:57, 30 March 2008 (UTC)
 * I believe it was IMX. I think I'll add some more info on this show. Cale (talk) 20:59, 30 March 2008 (UTC)

MTVX dissolved since 2002
Folks, since May 1, 2002, MTVX has been dissolved and got replaced by the channel MTV Jams, so we don't need MTVX anymore because Fuse TV has now played Rock, Metal, Alternative, Hardcore, Punk, Emo, Indie and much, much more... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.90.178.88 (talk) 02:35, 20 July 2008 (UTC) Carlye is so cool and she is really cool —Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.162.243.252 (talk) 20:50, 22 November 2008 (UTC)

Are Fuse and FM one station now?
and if they are shouldn't this article be changed to the past-tense and/or the articles including the history merged into one article i.e. to the FM article as was done with MuchMusic USA when it became Fuse. YborCityJohn (talk) 22:03, 20 October 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Fuse (TV channel)


text:
User talk:Noamse~enwiki

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title: User talk:Noamse~enwiki


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User talk:E. Crang

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title: User talk:E. Crang


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User talk:Mulp

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If you have any questions, feel free to ask me on my talk page. Thanks and happy editing, Alf 16:49, 28 August 2005 (UTC).

April 2011
Hello, and thank you for your contributions to Wikipedia! I noticed that you recently added commentary to an article, Rural Post "Good" Roads Act of 1916. While Wikipedia welcomes editors' opinions on an article and how it could be changed, these comments are more appropriate for the article's accompanying talk page. If you post your comments there, other editors working on the same article will notice and respond to them and your comments will not disrupt the flow of the article. However, keep in mind that even on the talk page of an article, you should limit your discussion to improving the article. Article talk pages are not the place to discuss opinions of the subject of articles nor are such pages a forum. Thank you. CutOffTies (talk) 16:27, 25 April 2011 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Mulp


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User talk:Real decimic

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Robert Duncan (actor)

Robert Duncan (born 27 July 1952) is an English actor. He is best known for his television role as Gus Hedges, the jargon-speaking manager, from Drop the Dead Donkey. He also appeared in Casualty as Peter Hayes between 1995 and 1996 and as Lazarus in the 2000 film The Miracle Maker.

Biography
Duncan was born Robert Welch in St Austell, Cornwall. He took the first name of his brother Duncan as his stage surname. In 2008, he briefly taught History at Icknield High School, a comprehensive school in Luton, Bedfordshire.

Radio
On radio, he appears in Old Harry's Game (also written by Drop the Dead Donkey writer Andy Hamilton) as Satan's sycophantic assistant Scumspawn. He was Mike in 'Life, Death and Sex with Mike and Sue' for Radio 4 which ran for three series.

He also played Gordon Way in Dirk Maggs' interpretation of Douglas Adams' book Dirk Gently's Holistic Detective Agency for BBC Radio Four in 2007.

Theatre
He starred in Oscar Wilde's play An Ideal Husband from August to November 2008 with Kate O'Mara and Fenella Fielding. In 2010 he toured in a production of Agatha Christie's Witness for the Prosecution. He also toured Agatha Christie's Go Back for Murder in 2013.

Robert Duncan was in the cast of three of The Small Hand by Susan Hill and produced by Bill Kenwright Productions, co-starring Andrew Lancel and Diane Keen.

In 2016, Duncan toured in Kenwright's production of Rehearsal for Murder.

title: Robert Duncan (actor)


text:
Half-Life 2: Lost Coast

Half-Life 2: Lost Coast is an additional level for the 2004 first-person shooter game Half-Life 2. Developed by Valve, it was released on October 27, 2005, through the Steam content delivery service as a free download to owners of the Windows version of Half-Life 2. Players control the Half-Life protagonist Gordon Freeman as he travels up a coastal cliff to destroy a Combine weapon in a monastery.

Lost Coast is a technology demonstration showcasing the high-dynamic-range rendering implemented in the Source engine. It was designed with environments to emphasize these effects. Lost Coast was the first Valve game with a commentary mode, in which the developers explain elements of design as the player progresses through the level.

The Lost Coast level was created for Half-Life 2, but was removed from the game. It was originally going to be a level in "Highway 17" where Gordon ends up in a strange place meeting a Fisherman. As a result, it has several minor story details that were not included in Half-Life 2. It received a generally positive reception, and there was consensus among reviewers that the new features included in Lost Coast should be integrated into future games released by Valve.

Gameplay
Lost Coast uses the same first-person shooter gameplay as Half-Life 2. The player is equipped with weapons from Half-Life 2, including the object-manipulating gravity gun. Like Half-Life 2, the player controls Gordon Freeman. Freeman must enter a monastery that enemy Combine are using to launch heavy artillery shells into a seaside town. The player encounters Combine soldiers and a few headcrabs before disabling the artillery launcher, and destroying an attack helicopter with RPGs. As the level ends, a fisherman congratulates Gordon on his victory, then exclaims that Gordon is "getting all fuzzy 'round the edges" as he is teleported away.

Level design
Lost Coast was conceived as a part of the Highway 17 chapter in Half-Life 2 (Highway 17's development name was "Coast", hence the name "Lost Coast"), but was discarded during development. It features minor storyline details that were removed from Half-Life 2, such as the headcrab artillery launchers.

Each area of the level was designed with a specific purpose. An Eastern Orthodox architectural style was deliberately chosen for the monastery, as buildings of this type "are very colorful and have a large variety of materials" and are "often lit naturally, with extremes of darkness and brightness," providing an ideal showcase for the HDR lighting effects. Valve also thought a monastery would help provide a starker contrast between old human architecture and futuristic Combine technology inside it.

The cliffside that leads to the monastery had a gameplay-oriented purpose, and was meant to emulate a similar cliffside combat scene in the original Half-Life (1998). The cliffside also forces the player to be observant of threats from above and below, breaking from normal horizontal combat. The monastery's courtyard was designed as an area where the player recovers from the cliffside combat, while also presenting a contained combat arena later in the level in which the player must hold their ground while they are attacked from multiple directions.

High-dynamic-range rendering

The goal of Lost Coast was to demonstrate the new high-dynamic-range rendering implemented into the Source game engine. Valve first attempted to implement high-dynamic-range rendering in Source in late 2003. The first method stored textures in RGBA color space, allowing for multisample anti-aliasing and pixel shaders to be used, but this prevented alpha mapping and fog effects from working correctly, as well as making textures appear sharp and jagged. The second method involved saving two versions of a texture: one with regular data, and the other with overbrightening data. However, this technique did not allow for multisample anti-aliasing and consumed twice as much video card memory, making it infeasible. The third method, shown at the E3 convention in 2005, used floating-point data to define the RGB color space, allowing for reasonably efficient storage of the high-dynamic-range data. However, this method also did not allow for multisample anti-aliasing, and was only compatible with Nvidia video cards, leaving ATI cards unable to run high dynamic range. The fourth and final method compromised between the second and third methods, using overbrightening textures sparingly and allowing ATI cards to render HDR in a different way to the Nvidia ones while nearly producing the same result.

The final version of Valve's high-dynamic-range technology adds a significant number of lighting effects to the engine, aimed at making the game appear more realistic. Bloom shading was introduced, blurring bright edges in the game world and emulating a camera's overexposure to light. This is combined with exposure control to tailor the effect to represent the human eye. For example, as the player exits a dark area into a light area, the new area is initially glaringly bright, but quickly darkens, representing the adjustment of the player character's eyes to the light. New cube mapping techniques allow the reflection cast by an object to correspond with the brightness of the light source, and lightmaps enable light bouncing and global illumination to be taken into account in the rendering. Refraction effects were added to make light account for the physical attributes of an object and to emulate the way light is reflected by water. The Lost Coast level is specifically designed to showcase these effects. It uses the sea and beach as opportunities to demonstrate water-based effects, the monastery to demonstrate bloom from its whitewash walls, and the sanctuary to provide the means to show refraction through stained glass windows and cube maps on golden urns and candlesticks.

As a technology showcase, Valve considered Lost Coast to have very demanding system requirements. The game runs on computers with specifications lower than what is recommended, albeit without some key features such as high dynamic range. If a non-high-dynamic-range-capable card is used, the developer commentary is changed slightly to reflect this. For example, Valve president Gabe Newell would describe the effects that are seen differently.

Commentary system
In addition to a showcase for visual improvements, Lost Coast acted as a testbed for Valve's commentary system. When the feature is enabled, speech bubbles appear in the game that can be interacted with to play audio commentary. Each audio piece ranges from ten seconds to a minute of commentary. Players hear the developers talk about what the player is seeing, what is happening, why they made certain decisions, and what kinds of challenges they faced. Commentary tracks are represented by floating speech bubbles called commentary nodes. Valve intended for players to first play the level with commentary disabled, and after completing the level, play it again with commentary enabled, learning about each new stage as they progress. The company has since made the commentary system standard in all its later video games.

Release and reception
Lost Coast was released on October 27, 2005, as a free download from Valve's Steam content delivery service to anyone who purchased Half-Life 2. People who received Half-Life 2 as a gift from Valve's online store were not eligible to download the level. Valve announced on May 30, 2007, that Lost Coast, along with Half-Life 2: Deathmatch, would be made available for free to owners of ATI Radeon cards. It was later released without charge to Nvidia graphics card owners along with Half-Life 2: Deathmatch, Peggle Extreme, and the first eleven levels of Portal.

Lost Coast was generally well-received by video game critics. 1UP.com enjoyed the amount of detail, including the graphics, puzzles, and intelligent enemies, saying, "Valve just packed more atmosphere into a tiny snippet than most shooters muster, period." The review also praised the level's commentary system, calling it an informative addition, and enjoyed the interesting and insightful comments made by some of its creators. The level satisfied UGO because "it would be harder not to enjoy this level in all its beautifully rendered glory—even after you've broken all the windows and spattered the walls with Combine blood," and GameSpot commented that "the textures in Lost Coast are noticeably more detailed and numerous than in the retail game." The review concluded hoping that the features introduced in Lost Coast would be included in Valve's future releases.

Negative reaction to the game focused on its length and gameplay. 1UP.com and UGO both considered it short; Shawn Elliott of 1UP.com described it as "a lickety-split run through postcard-pretty tide pools, up cliffs, and into a church turned Combine outpost". UGO's Nigel Grammer stated that Lost Coast's gameplay seemed to be secondary to the level's graphics. Lost Coast's gameplay disappointed Brad Shoemaker of GameSpot, who compared it to that of Half-Life 2 and considered them to be very similar, saying that it "isn't going to set the world on fire".

title: Half-Life 2: Lost Coast


text:
Charles Carroll Everett

Charles Carroll Everett (June 19, 1829 – October 16, 1900) was an American divine and philosopher.

Early life and education
Charles was born on June 19, 1829, in Brunswick, Maine, to Ebenezer Everett and Joanna Batchedler Prince. His father was a prominent citizen of Brunswick, a Harvard educated lawyer, banker, and long-time trustee of Bowdoin College. During the 1840s he was also elected to represent Brunswick in the Maine Legislature. The Everetts were an old, notable, and well connected New England family. Among his father's first cousins were Massachusetts Senator and Secretary of State Edward Everett and Ambassador Alexander Hill Everett. His first cousin, Mary Susan Everett, was married to General Henry Larcom Abbot.

In 1846 Charles entered Bowdoin College and graduated in 1850. Following his graduation he began studying medicine at the Bowdoin Medical College, but in 1851 he opted to go to Europe and entered as a student at the University of Berlin. In 1853 he returned to the United States and Bowdoin as a tutor and professor of modern languages, as well as the office of university librarian. In 1858 he entered the Harvard Divinity School in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and graduated the following year with a Doctorate of Divinity.

Ministry and academic career
In 1859, the same year as his graduation from Harvard, he became the pastor of the Independent Congregational (Unitarian) church at Bangor, Maine, a position he held until 1869.

In 1869, he resigned from the pulpit to take the Bussey professorship of theology at Harvard University. In 1878 he was elevated to dean of the faculty of theology. During his time at Harvard he wrote numerous books and articles, particularly on the philosophy of religion. Toward the end of his career, he unsuccessfully attempted to see the school publish a non-denominational theological journal. This would, however, ultimately be fulfilled several years after his death at the bequest of his daughter's will in 1908 with the printing of the first issue of the Harvard Theological Review. In 1893 he was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1893, although he subsequently resigned.

He died at Cambridge on October 16, 1900.

Selected writings

 * The Science of Thought (1869)
 * Fichte's Science of Knowledge (1884)
 * Poetry, Comedy and Duty (1888)
 * Religions before Christianity (1883)
 * Ethics for Young People (1891)
 * The Gospel of Paul (1892)

title: Charles Carroll Everett


text:
User talk:Pulaki~enwiki

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Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Pulaki. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Pulaki~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 02:32, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 17:47, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Pulaki~enwiki


text:
User:Earthengine

It's wellcome to send mail to me!

title: User:Earthengine


text:
File:The town of Eygalieres in the Alpilles.jpg

The town of Eygalieres in the Alpilles, photographed 2004 by Jeremy J. Shapiro.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/History of writing instuments

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was speedy deleted. Joyous (talk) 16:54, August 28, 2005 (UTC)

History of writing instuments
Article seems to have been created by error? Contains no information, only some javascript code. 84.48.101.235 16:52, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: User talk:JAFM

title: User talk:JAFM


text:
Date Tsunamune

Date Tsunamune (伊達 綱宗) was an early Edo period Japanese samurai, and the 3rd daimyō of Sendai Domain in northern Japan from 1658 to 1660, and the 19th hereditary chieftain of the Date clan. Tsunamune's succession and rule was soon opposed by a number of his kinsmen and vassals. This dispute eventually led to the Date Sōdō or "Date Disturbance" of 1671, which has been retold in theatre, and has become one of the more well-known tales of unrest and disunity among the daimyō of the Edo period.

Biography
Tsunamune was the sixth son of Date Tadamune by a concubine (Kai-hime, the maternal aunt of Emperor Go-Sai, which thus made him cousin with the Emperor). His courtesy title was Sakonoe-gon-shōshō (General of the Left Guards), and his Court rank was Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade. On the death of his father, he became daimyō and Mutsu-no-kami at the age of 18.

Due to his inexperience and his love of sake and women, rumours soon spread that he was unfit to govern. The center of opposition was his uncle, Date Munekatsu, daimyō of Ichinoseki Domain (and Date Masamune's 10th son), who suborned many of Tsunamune's retainers. In 1660, this clique of vassals and kinsman made a successful appeal to the rōjū to have Tsunemune removed from office and placed under house arrest in Edo under the charges of public drunkenness and debauchery while he was visiting the capital on sankin-kōtai and to supervise corvée labor on a canal. He was replaced in Sendai by his infant son, Date Tsunamura, then only age one. The actual government of Sendai Domain was turned over to Date Munekatsu and to another uncle, Tamura Muneyoshi, as guardians.

This event was the start of the Date Sōdō, which became a favorite theme of popular fiction, including bunraku and kabuki.

According to one of the most popular legends, the scheming Date Munekatsu took the impressionable young Tsunamune to the licensed quarters of Yoshiwara, where he passionately fell in love with a prostitute, Takao. However, Takao was already pledged to marry a rōnin when her time at the brothel had expired and she rejected Tsunamune's offers. Undeterred, he offered to buy her contract in gold equal to her weight. The unscrupulous brothel-keeper added weights to her sleeves, so that he had to pay more than 165 pounds of gold. However, when he came to take her to the Date residence, she tried to throw herself in the river rather than go with him. Furious, Tsunamura pulled her from the river by her hair and stabbed her in the heart. His uncle and the other conspirators seized this opportunity to denounce him to the officials of wanton behavior and force his retirement. This story was the basis of many bunraku and kabuki plays, and attracted an extraordinary number of researchers over the years who have tried to determine if there was any truth in the story. It appears that Tsunamura did visit Yoshiwara and was enamoured by the prostitute named Takao, but she died in 1659 of illness and not by his hand.

While Tsunamune remained under house arrest, the domain suffered greatly under the corrupt rule of Date Munekatsu and Tamura Muneyoshi. After ten years of violence and conflict, Aki Muneshige, a relative from a cadet branch of the Date clan and retainer of Tsunamune managed to register a complaint to the shogunate officials about the mismanagement of the domain. Aki and various domain officials were summoned before the council of rōjū and the Tairō Sakai Tadakiyo to testify. Testimony between Aki and the retainers of Munekatsu and Muneyoshi did not agree, and the testimony of Munekatsu's retainer Harada Munesuke made a particularly poor impression. Harada then murdered Aki before further testimony could be given, before being killed himself by the guards.

The court ruled in favor of Aki. The young Date Tsunamura was allowed to remain daimyō; however, his uncles Date Munekatsu and Tamura Muneyoshi were removed from office.

As for Tsunamune, he lived the next 50 years in loose house arrest at the clan residence in the Ōi area of Edo, devoting his time to the arts, studying painting under Kanō Tan'yū, calligraphy, waka poetry, Maki-e lacquerware and even learning to forge Japanese swords. A number of his works are on display at The Miyagi Museum of Art. He died in Edo in 1711, but his grave was at the Date clan mausoleum of Zuihōden in Sendai. His mortuary temple was destroyed in 1945 during the Bombing of Sendai during World War II, and reconstructed in 1981. His body was so well preserved that an autopsy could be performed, revealing that he had a height of 158 cm and blood type A+, and had died of oral cancer.

Family

 * Father: Date Tadamune
 * Mother: Kii-hime (1624–1642)
 * Concubine: Misawa Hatsuko (1640–1686)
 * 1st son: Date Tsunamura, daimyō of Sendai Domain
 * 2nd son: Date Murayori (1661–1772), adopted by hatamoto Mizusawa-Date clan, later daimyō of Nakatsuyama sub-domain
 * 3rd son: Date Muneyun (1665–1771) adopted by Date Munetoshi, later daimyō of Uwajima Domain
 * Concubine: Seiun'in
 * 1st daughter: Natsuko / Kiyoko, married hatamoto Date Harusane of the Watari-Date clan, remarried to Date Harusada of the Iwaya-Date clan
 * 4th son: Date Muranao (1666–1709), adopted by hatamoto Date Munetomo of the cadet Tome-Date clan
 * 3rd daughter: Sanhime married Nakamura Moriyoshi
 * Concubine: Ohari no Kata
 * 2nd daughter: Ruihime, married hatamoto Date Muramoto of the Watari-Date clan
 * 4th daughter: Senhime, died in infancy
 * 5th daughter: Chiehime, married Tachibana Sadaakira
 * Concubine: Yosei'in
 * 6th daughter: Kirahime, adopted by Date Tsunamura, married Honda Yasunobu, daimyō of Zeze Domain
 * 7th daughter: Narehime, died in infancy
 * 5th son: Date Kikunosuke, died in infancy
 * 8th daughter, Musuhime, died in infancy
 * Concubine: Bo-dono
 * 6th son: Date Kichijuro, died in infancy
 * Concubine: Otome no Kata
 * 9th daughter: Yuhime, died in infancy
 * Concubine: Kayo no Kata
 * Onohime, died in infancy

title: Date Tsunamune


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Carlo Cadona

Carlo Cadona (born 1958 or 1959), also known by his stage name 6025, is an American musician who served as the second guitarist for the American punk rock band Dead Kennedys, from their formation in July 1978 to March 1979.

Dead Kennedys (1978–1979)
Dead Kennedys vocalist Jello Biafra met Cadona, who dubbed himself 6025 from a clothing inspection ticket, at the Mabuhay Gardens, and asked him if he wanted to pose as the band's drummer. 6025 then told Biafra that he could play guitar, and was invited to the group, subsequently joining in July 1978. Although he is sometimes claimed to have been a drummer or singer, frontman Jello Biafra has stated that 6025 was recruited solely as a guitarist. The other members joined after answering an ad placed by East Bay Ray.

Biafra stated, "[A] week before our first gig we got a guitarist who called himself 6025 and he left about six months later". He actually parted with the band roughly eight months later, in March 1979. According to Biafra, he was the best all-around musician in the band; however, his taste for prog rock and idiosyncratic songwriting alienated him from the rest of the band. 6025's final live appearance with Dead Kennedys was on March 3, 1979. The performance was taped and a few tracks appeared on compilation before being officially released in its entirety 25 years later as Live at the Deaf Club.

During his time Cadona wrote many songs for The Dead Kennedys including, "Forward to Death" and "Ill in The Head" which are included on their debut. 6025 makes a rare studio recording appearance on Fresh Fruit for Rotting Vegetables where he plays rhythm guitar on "Ill in The Head". 6025 also wrote the music for "Short Songs", "Gaslight" and "Straight A's" which can be heard on  Give Me Convenience or Give Me Death. Despite not having been in the band for years at that point, The Dead Kennedys included "Religious Vomit", a song 6025 wrote, on their In God We Trust, INC EP.

Later life
In 1993 Cadona, who had returned to the Evangelical Christianity of his upbringing, complained to police about a performance at 924 Gilman Street by Marian Anderson of the Insaints, in which she allegedly performed sexual acts on stage. After a protracted court case Anderson was eventually acquitted.

Carlo Cadona surfaced again in an October 19, 2017 article in The Press Democrat titled “Shelters remain safe havens for Santa Rosans fleeing fires”. The article, which featured Santa Rosa citizens who were fleeing the wildfires, cited Cadona (referred to as Carlo Cadona) as a former member of the Dead Kennedys. In the article it stated he was evacuated from his Mark West Springs Road home of a dozen years as a result of the fires.

Dead Kennedys

 * 1980 – Fresh Fruit for Rotting Vegetables
 * 1987 – Give Me Convenience or Give Me Death
 * 2004 – Live at the Deaf Club

Snakefinger

 * 2010 – Live at the Savoy 1981

title: Carlo Cadona


text:
Acer pensylvanicum

Acer pensylvanicum, known as the striped maple, moosewood, moose maple or goosefoot maple, is a small North American species of maple. The striped maple is a sequential hermaphrodite, meaning that it can change its sex throughout its lifetime.

Description
The striped maple is a small deciduous tree growing to 5 – tall, with a trunk up to 20 cm in diameter. The shape of the tree is broadly columnar, with a short, forked trunk that divides into arching branches which create an uneven, flat-topped crown.

The young bark is striped with green and white, and when a little older, brown.

The leaves are broad and soft, 8 – long and 6 – broad, with three shallow forward-pointing lobes.

The fruit is a samara; the seeds are about 27 mm long and 11 mm broad, with a wing angle of 145° and a conspicuously veined pedicel.

The bloom period for Acer pensylvanicum is around late spring.

The spelling pensylvanicum is the one originally used by Linnaeus.

Small, finger-diameter sections of branches can be used to make whistles due to the ability to lightly bruise the bark, slip it off the wood, carve the whistle hollow and airflow channel into the wood, and slip the tube of bark back on.

Distribution
The natural range of the striped maple extends from Nova Scotia and the Gaspé Peninsula of Quebec, west to southern Ontario, Michigan, and Saskatchewan; south to northeastern Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey, and along the Appalachian Mountains as far south as northern Georgia.

Ecology
Moosewood is an understory tree of cool, moist forests, often preferring slopes. It is among the most shade-tolerant of deciduous trees, capable of germinating and persisting for years as a small understory shrub, then growing rapidly to its full height when a gap opens up. However, it does not grow high enough to become a canopy tree, and once the gap above it closes through succession, it responds by flowering and fruiting profusely, and to some degree spreading by vegetative reproduction.

Mammals such as moose, deer, beavers, and rabbits eat the bark, particularly during the winter.

title: Acer pensylvanicum


text:
Sajur

Sajur (סָג'וּר; ساجور) is a Druze town (local council) in the Galilee region of northern Israel, with an area of 3,000 dunams (3 km2). It achieved recognition as an independent local council in 1992. In it had a population of.

History
Sajur is identified with Shazur, an ancient village associated with Simeon Shezuri. According to Jewish traditions, Ishmael ben Elisha ha-Kohen, Simeon Shezuri and Simeon ben Eleazar are buried in Sajur.

Excavations in 1951, 1980 and 1993, on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority revealed, respectively, a tomb with 13 loculi that dated to the Roman–Byzantine periods, a tomb with eight or nine loculi dating to the end of the second century CE and a small tomb with a single room dating to the first–second centuries CE. A salvage dig in January 2002, prior to building a car park, revealed a bedrock-hewn cave, devoid of finds, which may have been a tomb, and various unremarkable finds, although the presence of many finds at the bottom of the stratigraphic sequence is evidence of Iron Age occupation at Sajur.

In the Crusader era Sajur was known as Seisor or Saor. In 1249 John Aleman transferred land, including the  casalia of  Beit Jann,  Sajur,  Majd al-Krum and Nahf to the Teutonic Knights.

In 1322 Marino Sanuto the Elder showed Sanur on his map, named Seggori.

Ottoman Empire
Sajur was mentioned as a village in the Ottoman defter for the year 1555-6, located  in the Nahiya of Acre of the Liwa of Safad. The land was  designated as  Sahi land, that is, land belonging to the Sultan.

In 1875, Victor Guérin noted that "It is today a small village, inhabited by Druze; it is located on a hill that was once completely covered with houses. At the bottom, some gardens are planted with fig, olive, pomegranate and mulberry trees."

In 1881, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) described it as: "A village, built of stone, containing about 100 Druzes; in the plain, with olives and arable land; water from cisterns and spring near".

A population list from about 1887 showed that Sejur had 190 inhabitants; all Druze.

British Mandate
In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Sajur had a population of 196; 176 Druze, 17 Muslims and 3 Christians, where the Christians were all Orthodox. The population increased in the 1931 census to 254; 141 Druze, 11 Muslims and 2 Christians, in a total of 53 houses.

In the 1945 statistics, Sajur had 350 inhabitants; 10 Muslims and 340 classified as “others” (=Druze). They owned a total of 8,172 dunams of land, while 64 dunams were public. 4 dunams were used for citrus and bananas, 1,380 for plantations and irrigable land, 1,933 for cereals, while 7 dunams were built-up (urban) land.

Israel
In 1992, Sajur was recognized as a local council.

Demographics
According to Israel Central Bureau of Statistics, the town had a low ranking (3 out of 10) on the country's socioeconomic index (December 2001). The average salary that year was NIS 3,531 per month, whereas the national average was NIS 6,835.

Notable people

 * Angelina Fares, gymnast, 2007 Miss Israel beauty pageant contestant and subject of "Lady Kul El Arab" documentary film

title: Sajur


text:
Talk:Crazy Hits

Fair use rationale for Image:Crazy Frog - Crazy Frog Presents Crazy Hits CD cover.jpg
Image:Crazy Frog - Crazy Frog Presents Crazy Hits CD cover.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 21:04, 2 June 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:562.jpg
Image:562.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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BetacommandBot (talk) 04:10, 12 February 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Crazy Frog - Crazy Frog Presents Crazy Hits CD cover.jpg
Image:Crazy Frog - Crazy Frog Presents Crazy Hits CD cover.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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BetacommandBot (talk) 21:12, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

Proposed move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: Page moved. Ucucha 05:36, 6 February 2010 (UTC)

Crazy Frog Presents Crazy Hits → Crazy Hits — Official name. One reference here. Adabow ( talk )  02:06, 26 January 2010 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090309095604/http://www.rianz.org.nz/rianz/chart.asp to http://www.rianz.org.nz/rianz/chart.asp
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110515165620/http://swisscharts.com/awards.asp?year=2005 to http://swisscharts.com/awards.asp?year=2005
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110927061745/http://www.aria.com.au/pages/aria-charts-end-of-year-charts-top-100-albums-2005.htm to http://www.aria.com.au/pages/aria-charts-end-of-year-charts-top-100-albums-2005.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20081224160435/http://www.ultratop.be:80/fr/annual.asp?year=2005&cat=a to http://www.ultratop.be/fr/annual.asp?year=2005&cat=a
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140709100356/http://hitparade.ch/year.asp?key=2005 to http://hitparade.ch/year.asp?key=2005

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External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20081207014024/http://www.ifop.com/europe/sondages/discannu/albums05.stm to http://www.ifop.com/europe/sondages/DISCANNU/albums05.STM

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External links modified
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 * Added tag to http://fanofmusic.free.fr/Charts_Portugal.php?page=Portugal_A_D
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title: Talk:Crazy Hits


text:
Burton Memorial Tower

The Burton Memorial Tower is a clock tower located on Central Campus at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor at 230 North Ingalls Street. Housing a grand carillon, the tower was built in 1936 as a memorial for University President Marion Leroy Burton (presidency: 1920–1925). This carillon is the world's fourth-heaviest, containing 53 bells and weighing a total of 43 tons.

History
The monument was constructed in 1935 and finished in 1936. It stands at 192 feet, with the floor of the bell chamber at 120 feet from the ground. It is located at the University of Michigan campus, and is used for housing education offices. The high-rise tower was designed in an interesting mixture of Art Deco and art moderne architectural styles, constructed with a reinforced concrete shell faced with limestone over a plan 42 ft square. The design was greatly influenced by Eliel Saarinen, who had submitted an earlier scheme. At the top is the 43-ton, 53-bell Baird Carillon. The tower chimes the Westminster Quarters every quarter hour in the key of E-flat.

While this building houses a memorial carillon, it is primarily a conventional high-rise, contains classrooms for the University of Michigan's school of music, and houses offices for the department of musicology and ethnomusicology and for the University Musical Society.

The Burton Memorial Tower was designed by Albert Kahn, who also designed the William L. Clements Library, Angell Hall, and Hill Auditorium for the University of Michigan. Its carillon was donated by Michigan alumnus Charles A. Baird, a lawyer and the first U-M athletic director, and has been christened the "Charles Baird Carillon". Baird had the bells cast in England and gave them to the university. He also commissioned “Sunday Morning in Deep Waters”, the fountain on Ingalls Mall between Burton Tower and the Michigan League.

After University of Michigan Regent Sarah Goddard Power committed suicide by jumping to her death from the eighth floor of Burton Tower in 1987, slight modifications were made to the structure, such as the addition of stops to prevent windows from opening more than a few inches.

The University of Michigan campus has two of only twenty-three grand carillons in the world, barely two miles apart. The other is housed at the Ann and Robert H. Lurie Tower on the North Campus.

On April 8, 2017, in celebration of the university's bicentennial, the tower was illuminated in maize and blue, the university's colors. The carillon and spire can also be lit in other colors by the LED illumination system installed for the bicentennial.

The tower

 * Building height: 212 ft
 * Tower specification: 41 ft x 7 inches square
 * Floor area: 19848 sqft
 * Designer: Albert Kahn
 * Final cost (1936): $243,664.61
 * Recent renovation cost: $1.8 million
 * Construction date: 1935 to 1936
 * Construction materials: reinforced concrete shell, faced with limestone
 * Dedicated on: December 4, 1936
 * Dedicated to: U-M President Marion Leroy Burton (Presidency 1920–1925)

Charles Baird Carillon

 * Location: Atop the Burton Memorial Tower
 * World position: Tied for fourth heaviest carillon in the world
 * Technical Specification:
 * No. of bells: 53
 * Total weight 43 tons
 * Largest bell: 12 tons; strikes every hour
 * Smallest bell: 16.5 pounds
 * Height of support: Bells hang 120 ft above campus
 * Others: Bells are stationary, and only the clappers move via mechanical linkage
 * Cast by: John Taylor Bellfoundry, in Loughborough, England, in 1936 and 1975
 * Current carillonist: Tiffany Ng

title: Burton Memorial Tower