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Østfold Line

The Østfold Line (Østfoldbanen) is a 170 km railway line which runs from Oslo through the western parts of Follo and Østfold to Kornsjø in Norway. It continues through Sweden as the Norway/Vänern Line. The northern half is double track and the entire line is electrified. It serves a combination of commuter, regional and freight trains and is the main rail corridor in the south of Norway. The Follo Line runs parallel to the Østfold Line in tunnel. The Eastern Østfold Line branches off at Ski Station and runs 79 km before rejoining at Sarpsborg Station.

The line opened as the Smaalenene Line (Smaalenenebanen) on 2 January 1879. Stations were designed by Peter Andreas Blix. It was the first railway in Norway to predominantly build bridges and viaducts with iron. The line underwent upgrades from 1910 through 1940 in which the section from Oslo to Ski received double track, the permitted weight and speeds were increased and the line was electrified. From 1989 to 1996 the section from Ski to Sandbukta received double track and the maximum permitted speed increased to 160 km/h. Work since 2015 been under way to upgrade most of the line to high-speed, with the new tracks at least as far as Halden by 2030.

Route
The Østfold Line runs from Oslo Central Station through the counties of Oslo, Akershus and Østfold to the Norway–Sweden border at Kornsjø, covering a distance of 170.1 km. The line generally follows the west shore of the Oslofjord until Halden, where it passes through major towns of Ski, Ås, Vestby, Moss, Fredrikstad, Sarpsborg. The line is standard gauge and electrified at. It is double track from Oslo to Sandbukta north of Moss, a distance of 57 km, as well as 7 km past Rygge Station. There are three railway stations and three freight terminals along the line. At Kornsjø the line continues through Sweden as the Norway/Vänern Line.

The term Østfold Line is most commonly used to describe the section from Oslo via Moss to Kornsjø. This is sometimes also referred to as the Western Line. Both uses exclude the section from Ski via Askim to Sarpsborg, known as the Eastern Line. At other times Østfold Line is used to refer to the entire network, both via Moss and Askim. Sometimes Western Line is used to only describe the section from Ski via Moss to Sarpsborg. Although the eastern and western branches were initially planned as equals, the western has become dominant due to it always having had a higher standard and serving all through trains.

At Loenga in Oslo the line branches, the main part heading to the Central Station and the Loenga–Alnabru Line branching off to Alnabru Freight Terminal. This section is only used by freight trains. The Eastern Østfold Line is 78.9 km and runs from Ski to Sarpsborg via the municipalities of Tomter, Hobøl, Eidsberg, Mysen and Rakkestad. Normally only serving commuter trains, it can be used as a bypass when needed.

Oslo−Halden via Moss
Østfold Line turns southward right after Oslo Central Station and runs alongside Bunnefjorden`s shoreline until Ljan, where the route takes a more eastern inland corridor to Moss. This means following flat valleys in north-south direction, passing Kolbotn, Ski and Vestby. In Moss Østfold Line again reaches Oslofjord shore but soon deviates eastward and, for the second time, crosses over in the coastal hinterland, this time to Fredrikstad. From there on, heading northeast, the line uses the Glomma valley to Sarpsborg, bridges the river, turns southward and reaches Halden after running through mostly flat terrain in southern Viken (county).

Planning
The lack of early interest in a railway in Østfold was caused by the ice-free Oslofjord and the perceived non-necessity of build a line where a suitable waterway already existed. Proposals for a railway through the county then known as Smaalenene were first launched with two independent letters to the editor in 1866. They exemplified the debate which would follow, with one proposing a route along the coast through the larger coastal towns, while the other proposed an inner route via Askim and Rakkestad. Preliminary surveys were carried out the following year, which also investigated two routes to the Swedish border, one via Tistedalen and one along Iddefjord. The government was at first less enthusiastic, in part because they were concerned that no line would be built on the Swedish side.

By 1872 the disagreement over an interior or coastal route was raging and a compromise was proposed in which the line would be built with two branches. The government recommended a twin-armed line on 5 April 1873 and was approved in Parliament on 5 June. Detailed surveying was led by Carl Abraham Pihl and concluded on 31 March 1874. The route was still controversial, especially relating to how Fredrikstad should be served. The main line could be shortened by 11 km if the town was served with a branch line. With increasing cost estimates, Parliament decided to reduce the standard on the Eastern Line. There was also a controversy if that line should bypass Mysen.

In Halden there was a significant opposition to the line, as there was worry that it would capture lumber traffic which would otherwise run to Halden. Traders and politicians there were more concerned with being connected with the Swedish province of Dalsland, from which a large part of the town's lumber export originated. To secure the Swedish part of the link, the Dalsland Line was built as a private railway with eighty percent Norwegian capital and its head office in Halden.

Construction
Construction commenced in 1874, initially only on the section from Oslo to Halden. Work was subdivided into eleven sections on the Western Line and four on the Eastern Line. The former received a rail weight of 30 kilograms per meter (60 lb/ft). Work on the Eastern Line did not start until 1877. It received a track weight of only 25 kilograms per meter (50 lb/ft). A recession hit in 1877 and the government stopped all construction for a period, initially only continuing it on the Western Line. Most of the workforce were Swedish immigrants. Groundwork was conducted directly by the railway based on accords, with the track was laid by contractors.

The Østfold Line was the first railway in Norway were all bridges were built with iron. This allowed for the construction of viaducts at some places, which changed the mass balance allowing the line to follow a better gradient. Two of the most prominent were the Ljan Viaduct and the Hølen Viaduct. The latter was the first in the world to use the pendulum pillar principal. The bridges and viaducts were all designed by Axel Jacob Petersson.

The Western Line from Oslo to Halden was taken into revenue service on 2 January 1879. However, the official opening did not take place until 18 July. By then the rail connection onward to Gothenburg had been completed. Construction of the Eastern Line was delayed and was opened in stages between 18 July and 24 November 1882.

Early operations
The first rolling stock consisted of eight NSB Class 9 steam locomotives for passenger train, three NSB Class 10 units for freight trains and two NSB Class 14 locos. Passenger cars were at first 60-compartment coaches. A commuter train service was introduced from Oslo to Ljan Station from 1883, allowing the areas of Nordstrand to open up to large-scale housing. The railway allowed for faster postal services and the trains carried markers with the weather forecast, which was announced at the stations. A direct international train service was not introduced until 1 July 1886, when a direct service to Gothenburg and Hamburg was introduced. Travel time to Copenhagen was at that time twenty and a half hours. The following year sleeper cares were introduced.

The commuter traffic increased and in 1893 a new commuter station was opened at Kolbotn. Two branch lines were built from Sarpsborg. A branch to Borregaard opened in 1891 and the Hafslund Line opened eight years later. To avail the problem in Oslo with human manure, depots were built at Drømtorp, Ås and Vestby to give farmers access to the resource. Manure trains ran until 1929. Construction of interlocking systems started on some of the busiest stations in 1897, although fail-safe functionality was not available until the 1920s. A faster inter-Scandinavian service was introduced in 1900, cutting travel time to Copenhagen to 16 hours and 20 minutes. The higher demands caused the railway to order nine new NSB Class 27 locomotives, delivered between 1910 and 1916, which allowed the maximum speed on the line to increase from 70 to 75 km/h. NSB introduced Ea 1, an accumulator electric locomotive, on local services between Fredrikstand and Skjeberg in 1916, where it remained in use until 1920.

Line upgrades
As the main international railway out of Norway, the Østfold Line had some of the highest demands for speed and axle loads. In an effort to increase train weights and speeds, the Norwegian State Railways approved an upgrade plan in 1910 which was initially to be completed by 1919. All bridges and track was to be upgraded to tolerate a higher train weight. The break-out of the First World War led to material and funding shortages, and the upgrades were not completed until a new Sarp Bridge was finished in 1930.

The line was originally named the Smaalenene Line (Smaalenenebanene), with the spelling changing to Smålenene (Smålenenebanen) in 1921. During this period it was also commonly known as the South Line (Sydbanen), although this was never official. As the line was named for the county, it changed its name after the county changed its name from Smålenene to Østfold.

Parliament approved double track from Oslo to Ljan in 1916. Construction took its time and opened in two stages, from Bekkelaget to Ljan on 1 June 1924 and from Oslo Ø to Bekkelaget on 15 May 1929. South of Ljan the line crossed the Ljan Viaduct, which could not be upgraded to the new standards. A new double-tracked line had to be built around, which opened on 15 February 1925. By the 1930s the railway was meeting increased competition from buses and trucks. Although slower, they offered more pick-up locations than the train. NSB therefore decided that the Østfold Line, and especially the section closest to Oslo, needed to receive increased capacity, electric traction and more stations. Double tracking continued southwards, opening to Kolbotn on 15 December 1936 and to Ski on 14 May 1939. Meanwhile, NSB introduced gasoline railcars which stopped at the new flag stops.

Electrification was carried out in several smaller steps, with the first part from Oslo Ø to Ljan completed on 9 December 1936 and the last section from Sarpsborg to Halden, on 11 November 1940. NSB Class 66 was introduced as an express service on the Østfold Line, running a round trip from Oslo to Halden each day, bringing travel time down to two hours. This lasted until 1956, when they were replaced with the slower NSB Class 65. The international trains were from 1948 served with the Swedish State Railways' SJ X5 units, able to run from Oslo to Copenhagen in less than ten hours. The fast service was named Skandiapilen. A landslide in 1953 washed away part of the track past Bekkelaget, resulting in the Bekkelaget Tunnel opening there five years later. The regional traffic received the new NSB Class 68 multiple units from the mid 1950s. A regular train with pyrite started running in 1966, hauling up to 600,000 tonnes per year from Hjerkinn on the Dovre Line to Borregaard. They remained until the 1990s.

Double track almost to Moss
By the 1960s it was becoming evident that the infrastructure was outdated. A particular problem were the many level crossings which were a safety hazard, causing reduced speed, especially between Ski and Moss. Capacity was also used up and the section was the busiest section of single track in the country. Already during the 1950s NSB proposed building double track, but this was dismissed by Parliament. To avail the situation NSB introduced its InterCity Express services in 1983. This involved limiting stops to Rygge, Råde, Fredrikstad, Sarpsborg and Halden south of Moss, causing a large number of stations to be closed.

Upgrade plans between Ski and Moss were revitalized during the 1980s. Especially at Vestby Station had reliability issues and there was a need for new passing loop at Tveter Station and Kjenn Station. However, this would not be sufficient to meet future needs, and in 1985 Parliament passed the construction of a double track from Tveter via Vestby to Kjenn. These plans were initially proposed as merely doubling the track to increase capacity, but NSB soon started looking at also raising the speed and standard. From Rustad to Smørbekk the route was planned and placed parallel to European route E6. As the planning progressed, NSB gradually increased the dimensioning, so that the last planned section was capable of 200 km/h.

The first part of the double track, from Tveter to Vestby, was opened on 30 November 1989. The whole section cost 1.6 billion kroner and was opened for service on 22 October 1996. It was the first railway line to permit such high speeds in Norway. Due to disagreements with the Moss City Council on the route through the city, the double track stopped short at Sandbukta, 1.5 km north of Moss. NSB Class 70 trains were introduced on the InterCity Express services in 1994, replaced by NSB Class 73 from 2003.

On 28 June 2000, a new 7 km section of double track was opened past Rygge Station. Including a full upgrade of the station, 21 road crossings were removed. The 500-million-kroner project reduced travel time between Moss and Fredrikstad by seven minutes. Since 2007, Rygge Station has also served as an airport rail link via a shuttle bus to the nearby Moss Airport, Rygge.

Services
Passenger train services are provided by Vy. The L2 service calls at all stations between Oslo S and Ski. The R21 and R22 services use the Follo Line between Oslo and Ski, then R21 continues onward on the Western Line calling at Ås, Vestby, Sonsveien and Kambo before terminating at Moss. R22 runs along the Eastern Line, calling at six stations before Mysen. RE20 only stops at Ski before Moss, then serves Rygge, Råde, Fredrikstad, Sarpsborg and Halden. In regular hours L2 operates with two hourly services, while the others operate with one hourly services. There are additional rush-hour trains. As of December 2023, seven RE20-services continue onward to Gothenburg Central Station on Mondays to Fridays, six on Saturdays and six on Sundays.

Architecture
Peter Andreas Blix was hired as the national railway architect in 1873 and awarded the task of designing the stations on the Østfold Line. His designs drew inspiration from Medieval architecture, Gothic architecture and contemporary English villa styles. He let the interior plans dominate the outer shape and avoided symmetry. Most of the station buildings were in wood and standardized designs. Stations which were expected to have larger traffic received a separate goods sheds. The four main towns received brick stations. Halden Station was the most prominent, with an exterior which drew elements from a Medieval fortresses inspired from Fredriksten Fortress and the town's role as a border town. Moss, Fredrikstad and Sarpsborg received the same design with three gables on each facade.

Future
The Østfold Line is part of the InterCity Triangle and one of four prioritized lines in Norway being upgraded to high-speed rail. The entire section from Oslo to Halden is scheduled to be upgraded by 2034. The first step was construction of the Follo Line, a 22 km new line which runs in a tunnel almost the entire length from Oslo to Ski. It allows all passenger trains heading south of Ski to save 11 minutes, and free up capacity on the old double track for more commuter and freight trains. Construction started in 2015 and the Follo Line was opened in 2022. It may also include a new connection to Kråkstad. Once completed, the old double track from Oslo to Ski will receive an overhaul.

Upgrades southwards are split into four phases. By 2026 the missing double-track link from Sandbukta via a new Moss Station to Haug is scheduled for completion. The line from Haug to Seut north of Fredrikstad is planned to be finished within 2029, two years before the double track to Sarpsborg. The final stage to Halden is scheduled for completion in 2034. The National Rail Administration is working on possibilities of expanding the double track further south and in conjunction with Swedish authorities complete a high-speed link between Oslo and Gothenburg. On the Swedish side the final 78 km to Öxnered is already finished.

The Østfold Line has the largest potential for an increase in freight traffic, with an estimated eleven trains in each direction per day. These include freight trains to Götaland in Sweden, including a shuttle service to the Port of Gothenburg. Services could also run to Denmark and further south. Norway imports a lot of food and other goods but most of it enters Norway on road. The Østfold Line has a 11% share of the freight between the Oslo area and Swedish west coast. Two steep hills, Brynsbakken on the Loenga–Alnabru Line and Tistedalsbakken southeast of Halden are currently major obstacles, which limit train size and set locomotive requirements. Proposals have been made to build new lines to bypass these hills. One alternative to the south would be to build a new railway from around Berg to Skee on the Bohus Line in Sweden. The traffic on the Western Line will be so dense, especially during rush hour north of Moss, that it is possible that all freight trains may be routed via the Eastern Line. This will probably also mean that the existing railway between Sarpsborg and Halden will be kept, although it will probably be demolished north of Sarpsborg.

The signaling system is scheduled to be renewed and replaced with the European Train Control System, with planned completion in 2030.

title: Østfold Line


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User talk:Saizai

If you want to know about me, I'd recommend looking at my website.

--Sai ¿? ✍ 19:44, 15 April 2011 (UTC)

A welcome from Kaleissin
Hi, Saizai, nice seeing you on wikipedia. There's lots of other places than just conlangs where you can contribute so dive in, be bold and remember that all must be verifiable.

Here's some useful links:
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * Simplified Ruleset
 * What Wikipedia is not

--Kaleissin 14:45:28, 2005-08-29 (UTC) (PS: voting on conlangs has started)

Constructed language
I'm writing regarding your addition to Constructed language, unfortunatly I had to remove it, as this is consider spam, and does not belong in an encyclopidic article. Your are free though to place this info at the Talk:Constructed language. Thanks. Eivindspeak! 04:25, 16 March 2006 (UTC)

This American Life: Background Music
A tag has been placed on This American Life: Background Music, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under the criteria for speedy deletion, because it is a very short article providing little or no context to the reader. Please see Wikipedia:Stub for our minimum information standards for short articles. If you plan to add more material to the article, I advise you to do so immediately. Also please note that articles must be on notable subjects and should provide references to reliable sources which verify their content. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself. To contest the tagging and request that administrators wait a while for you to add contextual material, please affix the template  to the page and state your intention on the article's talk page. Feel free to leave a note on my talk page if you have any questions about this.--Fuhghettaboutit 13:14, 20 January 2007 (UTC)

About Phone evangelism...
I've been trying to improve the Approaches to evangelism article for awhile now, and I was wondering, you wouldn't happen to know of any other sources besides the WOTM radio broadcasts for phone fishing? It's just that as it stands, I don't think the WOTM radio broadcasts are notable enough on their own to exibit this approach to evangelism, and i'll have to go look for more stuff on my own later if you don't perhaps know of anything. Homestarmy 15:39, 8 March 2007 (UTC)

No, I don't know of any others, but WOTM is pretty notable IMO. I'm an agnostic and I'm familiar with what they do. O.o Perhaps it should be bundled into some more general 'fishing' subheading? --Sai Emrys 04:36, 9 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Well, until I did a google search on the topic, I didn't know very much about it, but this particular kind of evangelism seems to just have to do with phones and phone-like communication devices. However, it does seem to be much more widely practiced that I thought before... Homestarmy 23:54, 28 March 2007 (UTC)

AfD nomination of Language Creation Conference
I've nominated Language Creation Conference, an article you created, for deletion. We appreciate your contributions, but in this particular case I do not feel that Language Creation Conference satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion; I have explained why in the nomination space (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and the Wikipedia deletion policy). Your opinions on the matter are welcome; please participate in the discussion by adding your comments at Articles for deletion/Language Creation Conference and please be sure to sign your comments with four tildes ( ~ ). You are free to edit the content of Language Creation Conference during the discussion but should not remove the articles for deletion template from the top of the article; such removal will not end the deletion discussion. Thank you. --Miskwito 04:44, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

Regarding edits to Autocoitus
Thank you for contributing to Wikipedia, Saizai! However, your edit here was reverted by an automated bot that attempts to remove spam from Wikipedia. If you were trying to insert a good link, please accept my creator's apologies, but note that the link you added, matching rule pornotube\.com, is on my list of links to remove and probably shouldn't be included in Wikipedia. Please read Wikipedia's external links policy for more information. If the link was to an image, please read Wikipedia's image tutorial on how to use a more appropriate method to insert the image into an article. If your link was intended to promote a site you own, are affiliated with, or will make money from inclusion in Wikipedia, please note that inserting spam into Wikipedia is against policy. For more information about me, see my FAQ page. Thanks! Shadowbot 19:25, 26 March 2007 (UTC)

A tag has been placed on Autocoitus, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done because the article appears to be a repost of material that was previously deleted following a. If you can indicate how Autocoitus is different from the previously posted material, or if you can indicate why this article should not be deleted, I advise you to place the template hangon underneath the other template on the article, and also put a note on Talk:Autocoitus saying why this article should stay. An admin should check for such edits before deleting the article. Feel free to leave a note on my talk page if you have any questions about this. Please read our criteria for speedy deletion, particularly item 4 under General criteria. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself. We welcome your help in trying to improve Wikipedia, and we request you to follow these instructions. Resurgent insurgent 06:26, 29 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Comment. I've tried my usual sources and not found this. I will try some older ones eventually, and I'll let you know if I find anything. What is needed is a good index to printed pornography. (smile)DGG 20:11, 30 March 2007 (UTC)

WikiProject Deaf
I saw you know American Sign Language. Please take a look at WikiProject Deaf. If you are interested, then you may also add User WikiProject Deaf, which also adds a userbox to your page, or [[:Category:WikiProject Deaf participants]] to your userpage. If you do, it will list you in Category:WikiProject Deaf participants. Thank you. Taric25 16:50, 3 April 2007 (UTC)

Wikiproject Constructed Languages tagging
I find it problematic that you are tagging a number of general linguistic articles with the wikiproject constructed languages banner - firstly wpcl is a daughter project of Wikiproject Languages, secondly the articles only have marginal relevance for the wpcl whereas they are fully relevant for inclusion in WPLanguages. It seems to me that since any aspect of language has some kind of relevance for constructed languages all language related articles will end up tagged with both the wpcl tag and the wpl tag - this is inefficient. There must be a better way to do it. A constructed languages parameter could be included in the wp-languageges banner which could simply be added as yes or no. Or better yet you could just include all articles tagged for wikiproject languages and WPlinguistics in the wpcl category without tagging for it specifically. It seems overkill to tag every linguistics related article several times for wikiproject languages, wikiproject linguistics and wikiproject constructed languages. ·Maunus· · ƛ · 22:22, 20 October 2007 (UTC)

 * I'd agree with you wrt the general linguistics articles - please feel free to implement any of your suggested modifications. But I would say that conlang specific articles (e.g. ones on conlangs, conlang typology, conlangers, etc) should get the specific tag. Does that work? Sai Emrys   ¿?   ✍  22:25, 20 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Another option - use this style format:
 * Sai Emrys  ¿?   ✍  23:17, 20 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Sai Emrys  ¿?   ✍  23:17, 20 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Conlang specific articles should have the tag of course. If you can convince the members of project languages to add such a nested option you could do that as well.·Maunus· · ƛ · 07:52, 21 October 2007 (UTC)

 * It seems that you were only complaining that it would over-bulk the discussion page header. I just checked - the only (I think?) general-linguistics pages I modified were those on basic typologies. And they're not tagged as WP:Lang. So, basically, I don't understand the reason for your objection. Please reexplain / rephrase? Sai Emrys   ¿?   ✍  07:54, 21 October 2007 (UTC)
 * I noticed you tagging Polysynthetic languages, Whistled languages and Agglutinative languages which I don't think fall under Project Constructed languages first and foremost - but rather under WP languages or WP linguistics. It is true that they are not currently carrying banners from these wp's but it seems to me to be weird to include them in wpcl instead of one of these two other projects since they have much more relevenace to either of them than to wpcl AND since wpcl is a daughter project of wpl.·Maunus· · ƛ · 10:14, 21 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Then don't have it *instead*, have it *in addition*. :) I agree that WP:Lang is more relevant, but your argument is basically that it's tagged WP:CL and not WP:Lang therefore WP:CL seems pragmatically more relevant... the solution is to tag it with WP:Lang too. Why double-tag? a) WP:CL and WP:Lang have different editors. b) They also have different priorities. This seems like both a simpler and more compatible solution, that still addresses your underlying concern. If you agree, please tag 'em WP:Lang; if not, please explain. Thanks! Sai Emrys   ¿?   ✍  10:18, 21 October 2007 (UTC)
 * My main concern is the general overusage of WP banners by all kinds of small wp's. Some article - not those tagged by you at the moment are tagged by up to six different projects. This is annoying when trying to acces a talk page. My concern is to minimize the number of wp:banner taggings per page. this can be done by only tagging for the higher level projects or by nesting banners and having yes/no options whenever it is a possibility. It can also be done by some projects simply not using banners but by using a category instead which is less intrusive on the talk page (that is what we do in WP:ENLANG). if you don't share my concern about preventing overcluttering of talk pages then that is fine. I was only asking you to consider other possibilities.·Maunus· · ƛ · 10:33, 21 October 2007 (UTC)

 * I can understand the annoyance. What I do when I find a talk page that has more than one other project tag (sometimes even so) is to use the WikiProjectBannerShell. It's about the same size as a project tag, and fits all of 'em. I think it's a fairly reasonable compromise between unclutteredness and tagging. Basically, I believe that tags should be added where applicable, and that display-cruft is a separate matter - of *display* - that should be dealt with using collapsing forms, wrappers, smaller text, and the like. As it doesn't seem that you have any problem with the tagging per se so much as the clutter induced by a bunch of project boxes, I *think* this addresses the issue at hand. I'd suggest the same for WP:ENLANG. Hopefully I am understanding you correctly & directly addressing your concern? Sai Emrys   ¿?   ✍  10:47, 21 October 2007 (UTC)
 * using the nested option is good. Our reasoning in Wp:Enlang however is that we don't really need a banner. ·Maunus· · ƛ · 12:29, 21 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Who knows, maybe it'll help raise awareness? I hope that you guys at least have some sort of article-page template to flag endangered languages...? Sai Emrys   ¿?   ✍  12:51, 21 October 2007 (UTC)

Damin
Hi Saizai,

Just to let you know, Damin is not an international conlang, as you'd tagged it, and the Lardil would insist it's not a conlang at all, though linguists suspect it is (conlang, that is, not international). kwami 05:09, 21 October 2007 (UTC)

 * I was going from Portal:Constructed languages - see the sidebar list of IALs. I am not familiar with Damin myself, so can't offer any opinion on its categorization. I'd suggest simply that you raise this issue on the Portal talk page and recategorize it as you feel is appropriate; just try to make sure that it's consistently categorized across the portal, WP:CL categories, lists of conlangs, and conlang-typology pages. Sai Emrys   ¿?   ✍  07:16, 21 October 2007 (UTC)

Hi Saizai.
Just saying hi. --Qang (talk) 02:24, 12 December 2007 (UTC)

I'm sorry for troubling you
I want to apologize for undoing your hard work. When I first started the Esperanto task force (ETF) a few weeks ago, I noticed that the infobox for WikiProject Constructed languages displayed only "class" and not "importance." Although I included the "importance" element when I did the majority of my tagging of Esperanto-related articles, I became suspicious that it was the reason the ETF tag was functioning improperly. In the last few days, as I have been trying to resolve the problem (which, specifically, is that articles tagged with the ETF tag are not automatically filed in the categories that I have created for the task force), I removed the "importance" element of about five articles to see if that was the problem (it didn't seem to be). In response to your message, I have reverted all of the changes that I made. I apologize again for inconveniencing you. However, maybe you can help me with the problem I have been trying to resolve. I believe that it is being caused by bad coding in Template:WP conlangs. If you know how to make the ETF tag automatically categorize the already-tagged articles into the proper category (Category:Esperanto task force articles), your help would be greatly appreciated. Thank you for your time and patience. I hope that continued communication will enhance both of our projects. Again, I'm very sorry for getting in your way. Please forgive me. TFCforever (talk) 22:55, 16 December 2007 (UTC)

 * *laugh* No need to be quite so contrite; we're working together here.
 * I'll take a look at the ETF tag and see if I can fix it, though I have to confess that WP template coding is not one of my strengths (else I wouldn't have messed up WP conlangs sandbox in trying to add importance handling). FWIW, you can add whatever extra variables you want to a template; if they're not used, nothing will happen. At present, importance isn't used, so nothing that depends on it will happen. It doesn't hurt though, just sits there unused.
 * I've tried getting some help from WP:Template requests but without success. Perhaps you could try finding someone who's coded a template that has similar features - e.g. the one for WP Sexuality - and see if they can help us out?
 * Thanks, Sai Emrys   ¿?   ✍  01:26, 17 December 2007 (UTC)

 * ✅ :) Sai Emrys   ¿?   ✍  01:42, 17 December 2007 (UTC)

Thank you so much!
Thank you so much for all your help on the Conlangs template! I had been trying to figure out the problem for a couple of weeks, and I really wasn't sure what to do. Without your help, I may never have solved it. I just can't explain how much you helped me on this problem! Thank you so much! TFCforever (talk) 04:30, 18 December 2007 (UTC)

 * Actually, thank you. I tried doing this earlier and failed. The way I solved it this time was by working off of the code that you added - which let me figure out how the template code works and thus how I could add the Importance variable by hand, rather than the kludgy splicing I'd tried earlier. In any case, whee it's done.
 * If you're interested, WP:CL could use help - see its todo list. For starters, many of the articles linked from P:CL - and other articles, categories, etc that ought to be within our domain - are still not tagged with both conlang#REDIRECT, Infobox language (where relevant), and WP conlangs, and thus likely to get missed by the project. Sai Emrys   ¿?   ✍  04:46, 18 December 2007 (UTC)

Speedy deletion of Wikipedia:WikiProject Constructed languages/Userbox
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If you think that this notice was placed here in error, you may contest the deletion by adding  to the top of the page (just below the existing speedy deletion or "db" tag), coupled with adding a note on |the article's talk page explaining your position, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the article meets the criterion it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the article that would would render it more in conformance with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. Sai Emrys  ¿?   ✍  00:14, 25 January 2008 (UTC)

Out-of-control deletion
Hi, Saizai.

Is there anything that can be done about the activities of over-acting deletors? Amir E. Aharoni seems to be on a crusade - Britheneg, for example, is one of the best conlangs ever invented - a wonderfully sophisticated conception of what a British romance language might look like. Regarding Slovio (also highly respected in the auxlang community), he seems to be trying to get it off every other language's wikis! Schaeffer seems to be his lapdog - even though his speciality is articles on "professional" wrestling!

I would also mention Kotava, which is a respected conlang in France, which was eliminated by others. It is one of the few conlangs to get an ISO tag.

The fight to save Lingua Franca Nova's mention in wikipedia really upset me. To have years of work denigrated by a couple of young punks who just don't like other people's interests is pretty disheartening. Very much against what I thought wikipedia was all about.

The other day, in a moment of boredom, I looked up who was born on my birthday. Once you get into the 20th century, it's mostly minor sports figures and - wait for it - porn stars. Thank God for Martin Luther King Jr! And the conlangers are the ones attacked? Come on. Cgboeree (talk) 13:26, 3 February 2008 (UTC)

 * I agree that it's a problem. I don't know re Schaeffer (and would say that describing anyone as a lapdog or criticizing their other interests is rarely helpful). Keeping WikiProject Constructed languages/Edit wars and deletions updated will help some. My own opinions are at Conlangs/Sai%27s_two_cents.
 * I suggest you take a look at / participate in the couple discussions I've started on CONLANG-L (e.g. this); there are relatively few ways to address this. Let me know what you think of what I proposed there. May also help to start similar discussions elsewhere; don't know what fora you frequent.
 * Hope that helps, and that we can beat this one way or another. Sai Emrys   ¿?   ✍  00:07, 5 February 2008 (UTC)

about the Artificial intelligence -> stupidity, ignorance, and laziness
Hy there. Can you tell me few things because I cant understand exactly what you mean.

How those methods of solving problems are limitations to AI. You are trying to say that humans cant implement in AI those methods and are specific only to humans? Raffethefirst (talk) 14:49, 8 February 2008 (UTC)

 * They are not "limitations" exactly (that was poor phrasing on my part), so much as complications that make it harder to solve a problem. I don't know where you got the idea of this being different for humans vs AI; humans have the same issues in problem solving (dealing with lack of knowledge, time, or ability to do something). Look up "intelligent agents" and "uncertainty" in any AI textbook for a version of the same, if not in those words. Sai Emrys   ¿?   ✍  01:29, 10 February 2008 (UTC)

3RR
3RR is about using common sense and discussion. It is not about bureaucracy.

And if you do want to use it as a bureaucratic rule, then you are wrong, too, as it says "three reverts within a 24-hour period", which is clearly not the case, but it is really not important. --Amir E. Aharoni (talk) 22:04, 4 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Pot, kettle, black? Sai Emrys   ¿?   ✍  04:22, 5 March 2008 (UTC)

 * 3RR is needed to promote stability, discussion and consensus and to prevent bloody revert wars. By its nature it is very technical and arbitrary. That's why i say that it's not important: at the end of the day content guidelines, even though they are called "guidelines" and not "policies" are more important than arbitrary rules, which are, indeed, good for administrators who act as cops - a thing which i do my best to avoid.

 * I saw what you wrote on the CONLANG-L mailing list. It actually makes a lot of sense. I acknowledge that there is a discrepancy between Wikipedia's guidelines about notability and verifiability, which try -very roughly- to follow established academic traditions which strive to cite peer-reviewed printed journals or at least popular newspapers and the nature of the publications in the conlanging community, which mostly live on personal websites and open mailing lists.

 * You propose three ways to deal with this - a. leave Wikipedia entirely, b. change Wikipedia's rules, c. make the publications of the conlanging community more notable. All three have some validity. Let me concentrate on b.: Changing Wikipedia's rules is not impossible! In fact, they change all the time!

 * Rewriting Conlangs and promoting it to an unofficial guideline will be good progress. Bringing WP:N and WP:V and WP:NOR closer to your vision of Wikipedia will be even better, but harder, but if you want progress there, you'll have to reach consensus on their respective talk pages and maybe the village pump. It won't be easy - there are much stricter deletionists than myself (and i don't even call myself a deletionist in the first place.) Yet you should try it, but remember that starting by saying that notability is bullshit won't get you far. --Amir E. Aharoni (talk) 11:51, 5 March 2008 (UTC)

CfD nomination of Category:Cringe-inducing foods
Category:Cringe-inducing foods, which you created, has been nominated for deletion, merging, or renaming. If you would like to participate in the discussion, you are invited to add your comments at the category's entry on the Categories for discussion page. Thank you. Good Ol’factory (talk) 10:21, 23 January 2009 (UTC)

No content in Category:Cat-Class constructed language articles
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Speedy deletion of File:Xkcd-self-reference.jpg
A tag has been placed on File:Xkcd-self-reference.jpg, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done for the following reason:

Incorrect license section. Xkcd comic states non-commercial use at bottom, and also says this in uploader's comment. And image not being used.

Under the criteria for speedy deletion, articles that do not meet basic Wikipedia criteria may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as an appropriate article, and if you can indicate why the subject of this article is appropriate, you may contest the tagging. To do this, add  on the top of the page and leave a note on  explaining your position. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the article that would confirm its subject's notability under the guidelines.

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list of paraphilias talk page
Hello...

Your edit here deleted a few paragraphs from the talk page, was that intentional or just an editing glitch?

Also, re your edit summary: "rv unexplained project link deletion - not my project, but there's no harm in it being here" - the reason I removed the PAW project is that it got added by mistake in my prior edit when I added a different project and that one got included by a copy/paste. If you look at the earlier history, you'll see that the PAW project was not previously there. You can keep it there if you want, it doesn't bother me, but I wanted to point out how it got there. --Jack-A-Roe (talk) 22:04, 9 February 2009 (UTC)

 * It was a mistake, as the edit log should show. (Occasionally - especially with large pages - some parts of the original are removed for some reason. I suspect one of my userscripts, but not sure which.) I immediately reverted it, though it took a few tries. If you diff my last edit to the one before it, you should see that the total is just an add.
 * I didn't know re the PAW project; given what you say, I'll undo my revert. Thanks for the explanation. Sai Emrys   ¿?   ✍  22:48, 9 February 2009 (UTC)
 * No problem, that's what I guessed, I just figured asking would be better than reverting... --Jack-A-Roe (talk) 02:45, 10 February 2009 (UTC)

*waves back*
Nice to see you around! Hope things are great! --Joe Decker (talk) 04:48, 15 February 2009 (UTC)

How to link to categories without displaying the category
I don't know if you figured this out on your own or if someone else helped you, but in case not, here's the answer:

When you want to place a page into a category, you surround the category name with two brackets, like this:
 * Category:Science fiction writers

But if you only want to link to the category, you can "disable" the image by inserting a colon after the first pair of brackets:
 * Category:Science fiction writers

This little trick works for images as well. Normally, if you want to include an image in a page, you just simply type a wikilink to that image. But if you want to link to the image itself, you must add a colon before the first letter of the link.'

I'm just bringing up this suggestion because I came across your Sally Caves subpage and thought that it might look better with that style of formatting. Nothing wrong with the way you're doing it now though.

 * Best wishes, Soap Talk/Contributions 00:08, 10 May 2009 (UTC)

 * I think I did know that at some point, but indeed had totally forgotten about it. Thanks for the tip! Sai Emrys   ¿?   ✍  00:43, 20 May 2009 (UTC)

Talkback notice
--ThaddeusB (talk) 20:36, 30 October 2009 (UTC)

Nomination of Legality of drugs for deletion
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Category:Language creators
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Nomination of List of courts which publish audio or video of arguments for deletion
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ArbCom elections are now open!
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MfD nomination of User:Saizai/Ill Bethisad
User:Saizai/Ill Bethisad, a page which you created or substantially contributed to, has been nominated for deletion. Your opinions on the matter are welcome; you may participate in the discussion by adding your comments at Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/User:Saizai/Ill Bethisad and please be sure to sign your comments with four tildes ( ~ ). You are free to edit the content of User:Saizai/Ill Bethisad during the discussion but should not remove the miscellany for deletion template from the top of the page; such a removal will not end the deletion discussion. Thank you. Ricky81682 (talk) 02:06, 2 February 2016 (UTC)

Nomination of Language Creation Society for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Language Creation Society is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

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MfD nomination of User:Saizai/LCC
User:Saizai/LCC, a page which you created or substantially contributed to, has been nominated for deletion. Your opinions on the matter are welcome; you may participate in the discussion by adding your comments at Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/User:Saizai/LCC and please be sure to sign your comments with four tildes ( ~ ). You are free to edit the content of User:Saizai/LCC during the discussion but should not remove the miscellany for deletion template from the top of the page; such a removal will not end the deletion discussion. Thank you. —/M endaliv /2¢/Δ's/ 18:58, 27 February 2016 (UTC)

MfD nomination of multiple pages
User:Saizai/Verb, User:Saizai/Lingua Franca Nova, User:Saizai/David Salo, User:Saizai/Kēlen, User:Saizai/Ithkuil, and User:Saizai/Sally Caves, pages which you created or substantially contributed to, have been nominated for deletion. Your opinions on the matter are welcome; you may participate in the discussion by adding your comments at Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/User:Saizai userspace copies and please be sure to sign your comments with four tildes ( ~ ). You are free to edit the content of these pages during the discussion but should not remove the miscellany for deletion template from the top of the page; such a removal will not end the deletion discussion. Thank you. —/M endaliv /2¢/Δ's/ 02:06, 28 February 2016 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image File:Language Creation Society seal.png
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Your draft article, Draft:Language Creation Society

Hello, Saizai. It has been over six months since you last edited your Articles for Creation draft article submission, "Language Creation Society".

In accordance with our policy that Articles for Creation is not for the indefinite hosting of material deemed unsuitable for the encyclopedia mainspace, the draft has been nominated for deletion. If you plan on working on it further, or editing it to address the issues raised if it was declined, simply and remove the  or  code.

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Thanks for your submission to Wikipedia, and happy editing. 1989 (talk) 05:11, 2 January 2017 (UTC)

Draft:Language Creation Society concern
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Your draft article, Draft:Language Creation Society

Hello, Saizai. It has been over six months since you last edited your Articles for Creation draft article submission, "Language Creation Society".

In accordance with our policy that Articles for Creation is not for the indefinite hosting of material deemed unsuitable for the encyclopedia mainspace, the draft has been nominated for deletion. If you plan on working on it further, or editing it to address the issues raised if it was declined, simply and remove the  or  code.

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Thanks for your submission to Wikipedia, and happy editing. JMHamo (talk) 19:38, 14 August 2017 (UTC)

COI
Do not edit articles on subjects in which you have a vested interest or you may be blocked from editing. Guy (Help!) 20:16, 27 December 2017 (UTC)

 * You reverted edits which mostly just tidied it up. Was there anything problematic about the content of those edits? Sai ¿? ✍ 20:32, 27 December 2017 (UTC)
 * Feel free to propose updates on the talk page, but do not edit the article directly. Guy (Help!) 20:40, 27 December 2017 (UTC)
 * Even for technical changes, purely neutral facts, typos, flow or the like? Those are not, AFAICT, prohibited by WP:COI, and I believe most if not all of what you reverted is of that form. Are you saying that if I make even changes that I believe to comply with policy, you will make me blocked? Sai ¿? ✍ 15:22, 29 December 2017 (UTC)
 * Please don't edit the article directly, even if you think the changes are small, technical, or satisfy NPOV. As one of the founders of LCS, you have a conflict of interest when it comes to editing that article. The COI makes it very difficult to determine when your edits are ok or not from a Wikipedia point of view, even if you mean well and even if you believe that you're doing the right thing. Proposing edits on the Talk page is the way Wikipedia guides editors with COIs. Ca2james (talk) 17:54, 29 December 2017 (UTC)

You can’t fix a ping
start a new post instead. Doug Weller talk 06:45, 29 December 2017 (UTC)

 * Why is that? FWIW the correction was that 7&6=thirteen's username breaks the template because of the =, so it requires   rather than   . Should I have deleted the ping with one edit and re-added it with a second, rather than editing it to add the  1= ?
 * Where/how does the ping actually get triggered? (I never understood that part of it; it's weird for a template to cause an effect outside the page affected [or categories etc].) Sai ¿? ✍ 15:20, 29 December 2017 (UTC)
 * See Notifications and Help:Fixing failed pings. Doug Weller  talk 17:05, 29 December 2017 (UTC)

Judge Levin Campbell
Hi and thank you for all your recent edits.

I saw that you recently removed Judge Levin H. Campbell from the list of senior judges currently serving on the First Circuit, because he is no longer listed on the court's webpage. While this is an understandable change for you to have made, I'm not sure it is consistent with how we treat other federal judges who, like Campbell, have taken senior status but after awhile have stopped having chambers in the courthouse and no longer hear cases.

Although Judge Campbell has not heard any cases for several years, he is still listed as a senior judge of the First Circuit on the Federal Judicial Center's list of judges of that court, as well as in his entry in the official Biographical Directory of Federal Judges. This reflects that he is still officially designated as a "senior status" judge rather than a fully "retired" judge. It is possible that Judge Campbell, who is now 92 years old, has been certified as disabled and unable to continue to hear cases, pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 371(e)(1)(E), although I have not been able to verify this. It is also possible he has just voluntarily agreed to stop hearing cases (and to stop receiving his salary), but not to formally retire.

In any event, Judge Campbell has not officially retired from service, which would have been announced in the FJC newsletter and would be reflected in the Biographical Directory. Since the retirement of a senior judge does not create a vacancy that needs to be filled (that happens when the judge moves from active to senior status), there is no pressure on the judges to formally retire, even when they decide (or are forced) to stop hearing cases. As some point it will be determined that they no longer want or need the other accoutrements of the judgeship, such as chambers and law clerks and a listing on the court's website, but that is not the same as their officially having retired.

From a practical point of view, it is almost a metaphysical question: if a person has the title "judge" but no longer performs any judicial duties or hears any cases, at what point is he or she no longer a "judge"? But we need to be careful in reclassifying judges who are inactive as no longer being judges. An example is the case of Judge Michael Boudin, also of the First Circuit, who stopped hearing cases several years ago. (My assumption is that he suffered from some sort of illness or disability, although I have not been able to verify it.) He continued to have the status of "senior circuit judge" (and unlike Campbell, continued to be listed on the court's website), but literally years went by without his participating in the court's work. But last year, to my surprise, he resumed some judicial activity including authoring or joining in several First Circuit opinions (although I don't believe he's participated in oral arguments). I'm also under the impression that Judge Campbell is just one of many circuit and district judges who are inactive, but still remain in senior status and have not retired, and I don't think there's a precedent for moving them from the senior judge to former judge categories.

This post is longer than I intended, but writing it has helped me clarify my thoughts, and I hope it will be of interest to you. I'd appreciate your thoughts on this. I'm also pinging Safiel and BD2412, who are two of our most active editors on the judges' biographical articles, in case they have input. Best regards, Newyorkbrad (talk) 20:44, 28 August 2019 (UTC)

 * I would concur with the above sentiments. The easiest way of checking is to check FJC Bio, https://www.fjc.gov/history/judges/campbell-levin-hicks . As you can see at the link, there is no termination date given for his service. As a comparison, lets use Faith S. Hochberg of the District of New Jersey, who did outright retire, her link being https://www.fjc.gov/history/judges/hochberg-faith-s . Note that her entry concludes with "Service terminated on March 6, 2015, due to retirement." If the Judge's FJC Bio entry does not indicate them being retired, they should remain on the senior judge lists, even if they are no longer performing duties. Safiel (talk) 01:04, 29 August 2019 (UTC)
 * Per the above, a judge is a judge until the termination of their service, which is a legally recorded event. bd2412  T 01:11, 29 August 2019 (UTC)
 * Campbell was replaced by Michael Boudin. See April 1992 judicial vacancies list. The FJC bios are not canonical; the court's own webpage listing its judges, and the vacancies list, are. Sai ¿? ✍ 13:56, 30 August 2019 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the response, but the fact that Campbell was succeeded by Boudin in 1992 does not mean that Campbell stopped being a judge at that time. When a federal judge moves from "active" to senior status, a successor is appointed to the judgeship (so the judge is "replaced" in that sense), but the judge can stay on the court and continue hearing cases, sometimes for decades, as Campbell did. In fact, here is a link to one of the many cases in which Campbell and Boudin served together on the same panel, so it cannot be the case that Campbell stopped being a judge when Boudin took office. (Also, the FJC's historical information is considered fairly authoritative; it is part of the administration of the federal judicial system, and would have prepared the 1982 vacancies list that you link to.) Regards, Newyorkbrad (talk) 14:11, 30 August 2019 (UTC)
 * How do you explain the fact that CA1 itself does not list him on its judges page - though it does list the other 4 senior judges? And archive.org has that page, w/ Campbell still not on it, back to ~2013. Surely the court is authoritative about its own composition. FWIW, I've emailed FJC about this to ask that they update their records (or explain); I believe this simply has gotten missed. I also emailed a clerk on CA1, who said the only info they could give me is that judges page. I grant that it isn't currently clear exactly why or when Campbell left, but I think it's very clear that he's not currently on the court, whereas the 10 judges listed (4 of whom are senior) are. Sai ¿? ✍ 14:28, 30 August 2019 (UTC)

Category:Anti-LGBT politicians who were outed at CfD
Hey there. I listed Category:Anti-LGBT politicians who were outed, which you created, at Categories for discussion/Log/2020 December 2. --George Ho (talk) 18:38, 2 December 2020 (UTC)

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ArbCom standard DS notice
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Mononymous people
This is inappropriate. Not only is it factually wrong (I said nothing about Canadian law so how I am "incorrect as a matter of law" is beyond me, maybe you can explain), but it is inappropriate in terms of insinuation. Comparing a disagreement about whether sources actually say (see: WP:OR, in my original reply) Quinn is legally mononymous to transphobic demands of "proof" of gender change -- and going beyond comparison by saying it is just as disrespectful as those demands -- is inappropriate. You know what you're doing. Urve (talk) 03:48, 12 August 2021 (UTC)

I respectfully disagree that stating that something is disrespectful is "inappropriate". I didn't "insinuate" anything; I said exactly what I meant as clearly as I could. Please don't try to look for some ulterior meaning or the like; that simply isn't how I communicate. Sai ¿? ✍ 22:22, 25 August 2021 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Immaculate Conception (churches)
Hello, Saizai,

Welcome to Wikipedia! I edit here too, under the username John B123, and I thank you for your contributions.

I wanted to let you know, however, that I have tagged Immaculate Conception (churches) for deletion, because it doesn't appear to contain any encyclopedic content. You may find our guide for writing quality articles to be extremely informative. Also, you may want to consider working on future articles in draft space first, where they cannot be deleted for lacking content.

If you feel that the article shouldn't be deleted and want more time to work on it, you can [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=&action=edit&section=new&preload=Template:Hangon_preload&preloadtitle=This+page+should+not+be+speedy+deleted+because...+ contest this deletion] but please don't remove the speedy deletion tag from the top. If the page is already deleted by the time you come across this message and you wish to retrieve the deleted material, please contact the.

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John B123 (talk) 14:21, 22 August 2021 (UTC)

I followed the instructions for how to propose a merge. The target page didn't exist, and none of the current ones was suitable, so I made it. It can be deleted if the merge is rejected, but it does no harm to leave it be as a placeholder to hold that discussion. Sai ¿? ✍ 22:19, 25 August 2021 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Immaculate Conception (churches)

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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Saizai


text:
New Brunswick Railway Museum

The New Brunswick Railway Museum, owned and operated by the Canadian Railroad Historical Association, New Brunswick Division, is a museum located in Hillsborough, New Brunswick consisting of the railway's line last remaining steam engine. It was formerly known as the Salem and Hillsborough Railroad (S&H) before the rails were superseded by Highway 114.

The Salem and Hillsborough Railroad was formed in 1982 by a group of volunteer railroad enthusiasts and retired railroad employees. They took possession of a section of former Canadian National branch line trackage which ran from CN's Moncton-Saint John mainline at Salisbury east to just beyond the village of Hillsborough, approximately 20 mi away. CN had operated this subdivision to service a gypsum quarry until the late 1970s when the quarry was closed, resulting in the company applying for abandonment. The first trial trains operated in 1983, and the line opened to the public in 1984.

The S&H initially operated historic CN and Canadian Pacific steam locomotives Numbers 29 and 1009, which had been used in New Brunswick until the early 1960s when both railways completely dieselized. A third steam locomotive, Sydney and Louisburg 42, was used briefly in the early-mid 1980s, but it was quickly removed from service to undergo boiler work. No. 42 was later returned to its owner, the Nova Scotia Museum of Industry. The S&H operated regular coach and dinner tourist trains between Hillsborough and a location halfway between Hillsborough and Salisbury, named Salem, from 1984 until 2004.

On 16 September 1994, a fire occurred which destroyed the engine-house and several engines and carriages within, as well as offices and historical records.

Since 2005 the site became a static museum as the New Brunswick Railway Museum, using the former excursion train as a center-point.

title: New Brunswick Railway Museum


text:
Palma Cathedral

The Cathedral of Santa Maria of Palma (Cathedral of St. Mary of Palma), more commonly referred to as La Seu (a title also used by many other churches), is a Gothic Roman Catholic cathedral located in Palma, Mallorca, Spain. It is next to the sea over the roman and Renaissance walls that protected the city, being the only gothic cathedral that shows this peculiarity. It also is the headquarters of the diocese of Mallorca.

Description
Built by the Crown of Aragón on the site of a Moorish-era mosque, the cathedral is 121 metres long, 40 metres wide and its nave is 44 metres tall. By way of comparison, the height of the central nave reaches 33m in Notre Dame de Paris, 38m in Reims, 42m in Notre-Dame d'Amiens and 48m in Saint-Pierre de Beauvais, the highest of all Gothic cathedrals.

Designed in the Catalan Gothic style but with Northern European influences, it was begun by King James I of Aragon in 1229 but only finished in 1601. It sits within the old city of Palma atop the former citadel of the Roman city, between the Royal Palace of La Almudaina and the episcopal palace. It also overlooks the Parc de la Mar and the Mediterranean Sea.

In 1901, fifty years after a restoration of the cathedral had started, Antoni Gaudí was invited to take over the project. While some of his ideas were adopted – moving the choir stalls from the middle nave to be closer to the altar, as well as a large canopy – Gaudí abandoned his work in 1914 after an argument with the contractor. The planned changes were essentially cosmetic rather than structural, and the project was cancelled soon after.

title: Palma Cathedral


text:
Talk:U3 (software)

Reverted page move
I reverted an editor's recent page move (it had been moved from U3 to U3 Software) due to the guideline at WP:COMMONNAME: U3 is by far the best-known name for this company and design specification. There was no need to add the word "Software" to the article name; besides, U3 Software now redirects here. Bry9000 (talk) 23:34, 29 January 2008 (UTC)

Self-Contradictory
This article contradicts itself rather badly. At one point it states:

"The software itself can be removed by reformatting the drive to FAT32 by any Windows 2000/XP, Linux or OSX system."

While later the article claims:

"Users of non-Microsoft OSes that don't have access to a Windows PC are unable to remove U3 from their "smart drives."

I don't own one of these devices, so I can't test which claim is correct, but they are mutually exclusive. If reformatting the drive erases the U3 stuff, the latter statement is incorrect. If it doesn't, then the previous statement is incorrect.

Oregonerik (talk) 00:50, 4 February 2008 (UTC)

 * You're right - I've just noticed that after tidying up the latter comment.

 * Can anyone with a U3 device try reformatting it and make an authoriative edit? Raftermast (talk) 19:09, 7 February 2008 (UTC)

No. The U3 garbage CANNOT be removed by reformatting. Or in any way, except by running proprietary software. If this were not the case, U3 would not be so controversial.

It is not just an ordinary matter of "removing software", which you can do from Linux etc. It is embedded deeper than that. -68.236.103.195 (talk) 20:50, 16 February 2008 (UTC)

 * There is an interesting article in the most recent (or very recent) 2600 Magazine about getting around this or at least modifying its purpose. If someone out there has a copy, please consider putting a blurb on the U3 page to enlighten us all! -- geekyßroad . meow?'' 01:28, 6 March 2008 (UTC)

 * software on the normal (USB mass storage device) drive area: removed by reformat, or even normal file deletion
 * software on the weird (fake CD-ROM) drive area: removed by a hack documented in 2600 Magazine
 * the weird (fake CD-ROM) drive area itself: removed by a special tool, assuming Windows doesn't crash

Compatibility
There are some issues remaining with Vista compatibility. I have edited the relevant section to reflect this, and cited sources. I do own one of these devices, and was surprised to find that vista was giving me a headache over a usb key. After about 3 hours of research, I was lucky enough to stumble upon the solution, i.e. KB940199. Toastysoul (talk) 05:19, 4 February 2008 (UTC)

Neutrality
I don't think the "benefits" section has any neutrality problems. In fact, I was very impressed with the way that the Wiki writers were willing to include the benefits section to provide balance to a product that is so widely hated. I recommend that we remove the neutrality tag. If anything, that section MAKES the page neutral. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 199.125.45.10 (talk) 14:00, 17 April 2008 (UTC)

 * I agree, and removed the tag. Not sure why it was added to begin with Raftermast (talk) 18:46, 18 April 2008 (UTC)

 * It reads like a sales pitch to me. I'm inclined to remove most of the stuff in the section and restore the neutrality tag to the rest. 75.62.6.87 (talk) 08:55, 16 March 2009 (UTC)

 * Agreed on sales pitch. It would surprise me greatly if it wasn't written by an employee of U3. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 130.242.24.193 (talk) 15:15, 23 July 2010 (UTC)

 * Maybe renaming the "Benefit"-Section would be an option. What about "Features"?--Hjsalchow (talk) 11:01, 25 May 2011 (UTC)

Leaves traces on host PC
Given the current explanation as to that "U3" leaves behind on the user's PC (i.e. files under C:\WINDOWS\Prefetch) I've removed this particular criticism.

U3 doesn't write to this area; those files "left behind" are actually created by the OS part of normal MS Windows operation - the prefetch system is part of Window's functionality to improve performance, and has nothing to do with U3 Raftermast (talk) 18:44, 18 April 2008 (UTC)

U3 uninstallation directions?
Do we really need those instructions on the page? 24.58.143.68 (talk) 21:32, 6 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Definitely. It's probably the main reason people read this article. 72.40.45.79 (talk) 06:13, 10 September 2008 (UTC)

 * Definitely not! Wikipedia is not a "how to" WWW site - see WP:NOTHOWTO. This sort of information should be added to the wikiHow WWW site, if anywere - but not here! ++Martin++ (talk) 22:34, 24 September 2008 (UTC)

 * Somebody should really change the NP:NOTHOWTO page, it's stupid. Unfortunately it has somehow become locked. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.227.28.231 (talk) 21:52, 31 October 2008 (UTC)

While I understand Wikipedia is not a how to I think it is a very valid point to talk about in some way the removal process. Perhaps under criticisms it could be mentioned how they install software with out your permission. Jsholm (talk) 23:41, 26 October 2009 (UTC)jsholm

Removed a bit.
Not updated software: Some software available on the u3.com website are not updated. The version offered by u3.com is 2.0.10.0, but the current version is 2.4.(ref)u3.com(/ref)

Removed that from the criticisms, didn't offer a hyperlink pointing towards the software specified, and appeared to be talking about multiple pieces of software, then using one example. Wolvenmoon (talk) 22:40, 9 September 2008 (UTC)

Google Chrome illegal?
How exactly is a U3 port of Google Chrome illegal? The EULA says you can't do jack without a license, yes. However, the Chromium project, of which Google Chrome is the official release, is under the Berkeley Software Development (BSD) license, which essentially states that you can do whatever you want with the project code. If I'm wrong, please refute me.

NiveusLuna (talk) 01:57, 9 November 2008 (UTC)

One sentence too long. Two types of hosts.
Under the heading of "Benefits", sub heading "Portability" the second sentence is too long and not clear. Maybe it is just a matter of changing the comma after the word "options" to be a period.

We could add that there are two types of host computers: the initializing host where you need admin privs, and the anywhere host which is all other computers thereafter (that have the correct Windows OS). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.228.209.238 (talk) 21:44, 3 May 2009 (UTC)

Security issue with U3
With third party tools it's possible to replace the embedded ISO. It is possible to place malware onto this ISO and take advantage of the autoplay to silently install a trojan immediately upon insertion of the device. Early versions of windows will simply automatically run the program directed in the autorun.inf with no prompting at all. One notable U3 Hacker program comes with a nasty piece of malware on it, described over here.

http://www.hak5.org/usb-switchblade

71.193.11.72 (talk) 15:58, 1 March 2010 (UTC)

U3 drives contain an autorun.inf that immediately runs the LaunchU3.exe application upon insertion of the USB stick. This is counter to basic PC security (and akin to having an email program that automatically launches attachments for any emails received), and inherently dangerous since an infected .exe would be automatically attempted to run. This problem would be compounded if the USB drive is listed as a root-level shared drive. In recognition of this, some antivirus/pc security software, upon installation, ask the user if they want to add a registry entry to prevent USB autorun.

THE ABOVE SECTIONS NEED TO BE MASSAGED AND ADDED TO THE CRITICISMS SECTION 173.19.142.10 (talk) 21:51, 26 March 2010 (UTC)

Major criticisms of U3
Hi, I have seen for myself what a stupid idea U3 is! You insert a U3 USB device to store some files, then you get something automatically run and also things appear in the system tray. Isn't a USB storage device just that - a STORAGE device! Why do the U3 developers insist on making it complicated - a simple thing like a USB drive is made needlessly complicated and prone to problems that wouldn't otherwise exist!?

 * That's your opinion. You could give exactly the same argument against CD/DVDs with autorun.inf - despite the simple fact that Microsoft's inclusion of this functionality did cause a drop in support calls from clueless users who didn't know how to start an executable from a CD/DVD.
 * U3 is a tool for a job, and one which a lot of users find U3 extremely useful, and something which simplifies using their USB device. Clearly you don't share this view - which is fair enough! (FWIW, you can get rid of it if you want to)
 * Just because you prefer using a claw hammer, doesn't mean that all ball pein hammers should be discontinued! 20:57, 3 June 2010 (UTC)

The criticism section on the page needs more added to it and ref links, such as this one: http://it.toolbox.com/blogs/paytonbyrd/this-crap-sucks-u3-16328 TurboForce (talk) 00:10, 3 June 2010 (UTC)

 * Sorry, not a WP:RS; besides. The guy who wrote it clearly doesn't read Wikipedia, which includes the gold nugget of information he (and you) probably wanted to get hold of - information on how to remove U3. Raftermast (talk) 20:57, 3 June 2010 (UTC)

 * Don't be so ridiculous! Comparing a STORAGE device to a software installation CD/DVD that is READ ONLY is a lame example.  So a person without great computer skills buys a USB storage device from a shop so he or she can STORE files on it.

 * You may not be aware of it, but CDs and DVDs are used for storage - not just for "software installation"!
 * With respect to autorun.inf, perhaps you've not aware that you can run software directly from a U3 device (and any other USB storage device)? Many users do this in order to carry their applications around with their data files - a process which U3 does simplify.

 * I appreciate that (as you put it), you don't have great computer skills, but (and this is the point you may have missed) you can still store files on a U3 device! You may not have realised it, instead focussing on the U3 software you effectivly got for free, but yes - it's true! Raftermast (talk) 15:37, 6 June 2010 (UTC)

 * They get home and plug it into the USB port and then gets a load of junk appear on the screen they didn't expect or want. What a stupid invention from U3 that probably increases the price of the USB device in the first place!

 * Ah ha! So that's the problem you have! Not to worry - just turn it off by selecting the "please don't run this software" option - you can even remove U3 it from your device if you feel that bad about it. As I said above, please read the Wiki article; you'll find it quite informative. Raftermast (talk) 15:37, 6 June 2010 (UTC)

 * Raftermast, will you please stop using abbreviations like "WP:RS" and "FWIW" - I don't understand them.

 * Try clicking on the link to find out what WP:RS is. I know some people find it complex, but give it a go!

 * If you don't understand standard internet acronyms, try looking them up! There's plenty of places on the internet which list standard web acronyms! Raftermast (talk) 15:37, 6 June 2010 (UTC)

 * I see people get frustrated by computers all the time, this U3 invention is another stupid idea that frustrates people who don't want it. If I find ref links, I will add them.  I may be coming across as angry, but if like me you see "everyday" computer users get bad tempered by things they don't understand and by things that are made needlessly complicated, then you will see why the computer industry needs to wake up, smell the coffee and live in the real world where not everyone using computers are experts. TurboForce (talk) 23:47, 3 June 2010 (UTC)

 * If you didn't expect the U3 software to be included in the device you bought, you should probably have read the packaging before making your purchase. All of the device manufacturers make it quite clear which products have U3 - it's one of the selling points!

 * The only seemingly bad tempered and upset user seems to be yourself - I would suggest that you don't buy devices with U3 in future if they cause you so much distress (or StartKey, when it's released). There's plenty of "vanilla" devices around which you can buy! The Wikipedia really isn't the right place to vent your spleen - you may find it more constructive to either contact SanDisk to complain, or go back to the store you bought your U3 enabled device from, and ask for your money back. Raftermast (talk) 15:37, 6 June 2010 (UTC)

 * I **do** have good computer skills and I've edited many pages about computer topics on Wikipedia. What frustrates me is the technology constantly changing, and I mean CONSTANTLY changing.  You learn one set of standards, then they introduce another set!  I did buy a U3 storage device, but the packaging didn't say what it was, except with a link to the U3 website (that doesn't work, see next section below).  When there are valid criticisms, I believe they should be included.  A perfectly valid one in the case of U3, as mentioned on the main page, is the problem of having TWO drive letters for ONE storage device.  I would also like to include the fact that the U3 device not only has 2 drive letters, but what could also be confusing to some people as it 'becomes' a "CD Drive" too, with the CD icon!

 * I hate to think what havoc "StartKey" will cause amongst the ordinary Joe-public who don't understand the technical side of computers! TurboForce (talk) 21:00, 8 June 2010 (UTC)

This seems like a Terrible idea
and the article should really cite some authroative sources speaking about the downsides of this. Every now and then I forget and let a non-technical guest stick an ordinary USB stick into one of our Windows computers at the office and then we have to spend the next day wiping it clean because the virus scanner came up positive. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.126.238.69 (talk) 04:53, 12 February 2011 (UTC)

U3 Websites are no longer functioning.
When attempting to open a U3 web site, the following appears:

Failure To Connect To Web Server Failure To Connect To Web Server

Pinging U3 results in the following:

Pinging U3.com [174.129.233.110] with 32 bytes of data:

Request timed out. Request timed out. Request timed out. Request timed out.

Ping statistics for 174.129.233.110: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 0, Lost = 4 (100% loss),

The only way to load official U3 software to your Cruzer is via the Cruzer Program Wizard. The number of applications available is very minimal.

A bewildered follower. 69.19.14.32 (talk) 12:45, 6 June 2010 (UTC)
 * I've had problems with the Cruzer Program Wizard bugging out and not wanting to run again until you eject and reinsert the drive. Also, if the program listed in the external links section is able to crack the password protection, than how can you call U3 secure?! SharkD   Talk  03:55, 17 July 2010 (UTC)

I think that SanDisk quietly dropped most of the support for U3, though I'm not sure why. The www.u3.com website is no longer functioning and the u3.sandisk.com site contains only minimal information. The number of available applications has shrunk since U3 was launched. I used U3 extensively for several years, but now that the number of applications is down to just a few, I have stopped using it. I'm looking forward to the sucessor. It used to be that you could download software from the SanDisk website and install it to your drive "as well as" installing it from the Cruzer Program Wizard. SanDisk's online store is gone now and the Program Wizard is nearly useless. In my opinion, U3 is dead. --71.159.230.121 (talk) 17:44, 30 December 2010 (UTC)

 * Yes, it's dead, Jim (link taken from the reference for the "SanDisk is phasing it out starting in 2009" statement in the introductory section of the article). Guy Harris (talk) 08:29, 19 November 2013 (UTC)

Thanks
Thanks to the editors of the article. I came across a U3 stick for the first time (to my knowledge) today at work and was somewhat baffled and disconcerted by its weirdnesses. Having read the removal section I have now converted it into a nice straightforward common-or-garden memory stick with which I am much happier. If you contributed to this usefulness please pat yourself on the back. Cheers DBaK (talk) 16:11, 13 September 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:U3 (software)


text:
Category:Streets in Canberra

This category lists streets in Canberra, capital of Australia

title: Category:Streets in Canberra


text:
Wikipedia talk:Missing science topics/NIST Dictionary of Algorithms and Data Structures

Generated from the index on Fri Aug 12 13:59:57 2005. --R.Koot 14:47, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

Considerations for worldwide perspective
The terms listed in the NIST Dictionary of Algorithms and Data Structures can be very limited to only the algorithms as defined in that U.S. document, rather than necessarily representing a global view of algorithm descriptions. Hence, the terms in the list might be inappropriate as notable topics for Wikipedia, where perhaps "Crochemore-Perrin string matching" might fail to get much coverage in mainstream media. Beware dictionaries prepared by the U.S. Federal Government, because at times, a word-tyrant will come to power in a U.S. agency and command a lot of people to start documenting his vocabulary (to keep their jobs), and most people will let it happen because no one really cares enough about "nerd-words" to risk confrontation. Years later, history often reveals that the tyrant's compedium of nerd-words has become some sort of twisted, de facto standard. For example, when the World Wide Web was first created, font sizes were called "1, 2, 3 and 4" rather than "12-point" or "pica" or "elite" fonts. Of course, typsetting experts would want to wretch and puke at the naive, juvenile, and yes, infantile, notion that font-sizes should be called "1/2/3". Also, consider the monumental design flaw to use the 6-character connoction "&nbsp;" to represent a non-breaking space, used thousands of times in webpages. A savvy computer scientist might have selected the symbol "#" to be activated for "words#stick#together" by the technique of setting metacharacters; or even try "&n;" but instead, "&nbsp;" has become the standard for spacing now, violating the rule against "committing perverted acts of gross indecency with a computer language". Similarly, there is little resistance to tyrants naming other stuff "ga-ga" or "goo-goo" or "wah-wah" or "discrete interval encoding tree" because dictionary watchdogs are extremely rare in society, and easily fired or "promoted" out of sight. Bottom line, beware thousands of peculiar nerd-words as article topics. -Wikid77 (talk) 07:27, 3 March 2009 (UTC)

Is this list important?
I came here from WP:Computer science as it was number 3 on the list of things to do to help the project. However looking through the list (and the site in the external lists) it appears that most things on this list seem pointless to create an article about. It seams most of these red links are just general terms or specific cases, which are should be covered in other (already existing) articles, or which simply warrant a dictionary entry... after all isn't Wikipedia not a dictionary?

Isaac Oscar (talk) 15:36, 16 January 2014 (UTC)
 * Yes, it is possible that they should be simple redirects to sections in other articles, to whole articles or just not exist on WP.  They should be thought of as "candidates for articles". All the best, Rich Farmbrough, 18:08, 6 April 2014 (UTC).


text:
Metropolitan Police District

The Metropolitan Police District (MPD) is the police area which is policed by the Metropolitan Police Service in London. It currently consists of the ceremonial county of Greater London, which excludes the City of London. The Metropolitan Police District was created by the Metropolitan Police Act 1829 as an ad hoc area of administration because the built-up area of London spread at the time into many parishes and counties without an established boundary. The district expanded as the built up area grew and stretched some distance into rural land. When county police forces were set up in England, those of Essex, Hertfordshire, Kent and Surrey did not cover the parts of the counties within the MPD, while Middlesex did not have a county force. Similarly, boroughs in the MPD that elsewhere would have been entitled to their own police force did not have them.

The MPD was originally defined in reference to civil parishes and in 1946 was altered to correspond to local government districts. The MPD has been used for other purposes during its existence, such as the boundary for coal tax and as a 'Greater London' statistical unit. When the Greater London Council was established in 1965, the MPD was expanded to include all of its territory, though some areas that did not become part of Greater London continued to be within it. In 2000, when the Greater London Authority was formed, the outer boundary of the MPD was retracted to coincide with Greater London and the neighbouring county forces then became responsible for those areas outside Greater London. The MPD now consists of the 32 boroughs of Greater London (including the City of Westminster), while the City of London is served by the City of London Police.

Creation
The Metropolitan Police District was defined in the schedule of the Metropolitan Police Act 1829 as an approximately circular area within a seven-mile (11-kilometre) radius of Charing Cross, which was divided into four districts and 17 police divisions.

It consisted of parts of:

1840 revision
There have been numerous changes to the boundaries of the MPD, and of the divisions therein. The Metropolitan Police Act 1839 recognised that the "boundary is... very irregular" and made it lawful to add any place in the Central Criminal Court District and also "any part of any parish, township, precinct or place" not more than 15 miles (24 km) from Charing Cross. The enlarged district encompassed the metropolitan area and some parts of Essex, Kent, Hertfordshire and Surrey. The 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica notes that it included "those civil parishes [...] of which any part is within twelve miles (19 km) of, or of which no part is more than fifteen miles (24 km) from, Charing Cross".

The enlargement under the 1839 Act was carried out by Order in Council made on 3 January 1840, which listed the following "parishes, townships, precincts, and places" ... "should be added to, and form part of, the metropolitan police district":

1946 revision
In 1946 the Metropolitan Police District was somewhat redrawn by the Police Act 1946, to match the then local government boundaries. The boroughs of Dartford and Watford, the urban district of Caterham and Warlingham and the parish of St. Peter Rural were wholly excluded from the District; whilst the borough of Epsom and Ewell, the urban districts of Banstead, Cheshunt, Coulsdon and Purley, Crayford, Esher and Orpington were brought wholly within the district. The definition, in the Fourth Schedule is as follows:

1965 revision
In 1965 the administrative boundaries of London were extended. After 1965 the newly created Greater London more closely matched the MPD, and the MPD was defined again by section 76 of the London Government Act 1963. The former area of the Municipal Borough of Romford and Hornchurch Urban District, which had not previously been covered by the MPD but were now in Greater London, were added. The revised MPD included some areas that did not become part of Greater London.

In 1974 it was again restated as:

 * Greater London, excluding the City of London and the Temples
 * Essex: Epping Forest : former Chigwell Urban District and parish of Waltham Holy Cross
 * Hertfordshire: Broxbourne : former Cheshunt Urban District
 * Hertfordshire: Hertsmere
 * Hertfordshire: Welwyn Hatfield: parish of Northaw (renamed Northaw and Cuffley in 1982)
 * Surrey: Elmbridge: former Esher Urban District
 * Surrey: Epsom and Ewell
 * Surrey: Spelthorne
 * Surrey: Reigate and Banstead: former Banstead Urban District

1990s revision
Following the first periodic review of Greater London and the London boroughs by the Local Government Boundary Commission for England, changes were made to the City of London Police and MPD boundary on 1 April 1994, with several exchanges of territory.

2000 revision
In 1998 the Government 'Green Paper' on the Greater London Authority proposed to create a police authority for the Metropolitan Police, who had previously been under the control of the Home Secretary. Initially, the government proposed to retain the areas outside the local government boundary, with a representative appointed to the Metropolitan Police Authority from the councils outside the Greater London Authority boundary.

However the government changed its mind and in the Greater London Authority Act 1999, the boundaries of the Metropolitan Police District were redefined to match Greater London. The excised county areas were reassigned to Essex Police, Hertfordshire Constabulary and Surrey Police.

Use for other purposes
The London Coal and Wine Duties Continuance Act 1861 aligned the coal tax boundary to the MPD and a series of coal-tax posts can be found along the boundary as it existed at that time.

During the 20th century the population of the County of London was in decline and the London population was growing in the outer suburbs within the MPD. During this period the MPD was used as a definition of 'Greater London'. 1901 Census is an example of this.

Exceptions
Not all parts of Greater London, although within the boundaries of the MPD, are policed by the Metropolitan Police. The Greater London Authority Act 1999 defines the Metropolitan Police District as consisting of "Greater London, excluding the City of London, the Inner Temple and the Middle Temple." The City of London has its own police force, the City of London Police, which also covers the Inner and Middle Temples. As constables of both forces are empowered throughout England and Wales, mutual assistance is a routine matter. The City of London has limited policing jurisdiction with parks constabularies within their lands at Hampstead Heath and Epping Forest (constables are attested under the Greater London Parks & Open Spaces Act 1967 and the Epping Forest Act 1878 respectively not under the Police Acts as members of the City of London Police).

The London Underground and the lines and stations of the national railway network within the MPD are primarily policed by the British Transport Police but are not excluded from the jurisdiction of the Metropolitan Police.

The Royal Parks of London used to be policed by the Royal Parks Constabulary (RPC) whose powers derived from the Parks Regulation Act 1872. The Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005 abolished the RPC in England and Wales and provided for the transfer of personnel within Greater London into the Metropolitan Police, leaving the Royal Parks within the general jurisdiction of the Metropolitan Police.

The Ministry of Defence Police is responsible for policing a few Ministry of Defence buildings and property within the MPD. As with the BTP, their jurisdiction is not to the exclusion of the Metropolitan Police who have statutory responsibility for providing policing to the entire MPD.

title: Metropolitan Police District