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John McCaffrey (fundraiser)

John McCaffrey (born Apr 1968) is a fundraising professional. He is currently (2024) President of the Galileo Foundation. , an organisation he founded in 2016 to support the work of the Pontifical Academies of Sciences and Social Sciences and Pope Francis' leadership in the areas of modern slavery and human trafficking, climate change and poverty.

He was briefly (July 2012 - Dec 2013) the Commercial Director of Labour Party's with a remit to increase party fundraising.

Career
McCaffrey was born in 1968 in Northern Ireland, and is a graduate of Saint MacNissi's College, Garron Tower in County Antrim and Selwyn College, Cambridge (1986–90) where he read Law and History.

He has worked for the Victoria and Albert Museum as Director of Development from 2002–2005, as a consultant to the Royal National Institute for Deaf People from 2005-6, and the National Museums of Scotland. He also established the University of Ulster's first Development Office in Belfast in 1993 and has worked for Guinness plc (now Diageo) as PR and as a director in Belfast of ABSA (now Arts and Business). His client list has included the Catholic Bishops' Conference of England and Wales, Edinburgh College of Art, the Vatican Museums (of which he is a UK trustee), The Rosslyn Chapel, Worth Abbey and the World Monuments Fund (GB) amongst others. The Irish Episcopal Conference retained McCaffrey as their fundraising advisor for the International Eucharistic Congress which took place in Dublin in 2012. In 2010, he was the principal fundraising advisor for the Papal visit to the United Kingdom in September 2010. £6.5 million was raised towards the cost of the Papal Visit in 7 months.

While working for Cambridge University, he played a major part in securing the UK's largest ever charitable gift, $230M given by the Gates Foundation to Cambridge University in 1999. He claims to have been involved in the first visit to Northern Ireland by President Bill Clinton and subsequent visits by Hillary Rodham Clinton, and helped to organise the second Millennium Lecture in the White House by Professor Stephen Hawking, hosted by the Clintons.

In January 2014 he was appointed as Global Development Director of the Sydney-based George Institute for Global Health. In February 2015 he was appointed as fundraiser to the Pontifical Academy of Sciences in the Vatican.

Honours
In May 2006, Pope Benedict XVI recognised his service to the Roman Catholic Church by bestowing the Order of St. Gregory the Great on McCaffrey, with the title Knight Commander. He first met the then Cardinal Ratzinger while a student at Cambridge in 1988, interviewing the future Pope for the student paper 'Varsity'. The interview also appeared in The Irish Times and The Universe. In 2005, McCaffrey was a commentator for Sky during the period spanning the death and funeral of Pope John Paul II and the election of Pope Benedict XVI. In May 2019 Pope Francis bestowed a promotion on McCaffrey to Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Saint Gregory, the highest rank given to a layperson, carrying with it the title 'Excellency'. He is a writer and photographer as well as a donor to various charitable causes, including the work of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem, The Terrence Higgins Trust and Bethlehem University.

title: John McCaffrey (fundraiser)


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Homecoming (Stargate SG-1)

"Homecoming" is the 2nd episode of the seventh season of adventure military science fiction television series Stargate SG-1. The second part of a two-part episode, it was first broadcast on June 13, 2003, on the Sci-Fi Channel, directly after the part 1, "Fallen". Writing duo Paul Mullie and Joseph Mallozzi wrote the episode, with Martin Wood directing. The episode is the 134th overall.

In this episode, having learnt that Jonas Quinn's (Corin Nemec) homeworld of Langara is rich with a powerful mineral called naquadria, Anubis lays siege to the planet in order to harness the mineral in order to once again power his superweapon. Meanwhile, Daniel Jackson (Michael Shanks) attempts to locate Jonas, who has been imprisoned, whilst himself evading capture onboard Anubis' mothership. Jack O'Neill & Samantha Carter come to the aid of the Langaran people and Teal'c (Christopher Judge) pleads with Oshu (Kevan Ohtsji) to release him and help destroy Anubis.

The episode marks the departure of character Jonas Quinn (Corin Nemec), who became a member of the SG-1 team in season 6 following the departure of Michael Shanks. "Fallen" & "Homecoming" set a new record as both the most watched broadcast ever for the Sci-Fi Channel and most watched episode of the show so far.

Plot
Continuing from the previous episode, the Goa'uld Anubis is holding Jonas Quinn (Corin Nemec) captive onboard his mothership and after probing his mind has discovered that his world is rich in a powerful mineral called naquadria. Hoping to obtain and exploit the naquadria, Anubis travels to Quinn's homeworld of Langara and descends in his mothership on the State of Kelowna. Commander Hale (Doug Abrahams) and Ambassador Dreylock (Gillian Barber) of Kelowna use the Stargate to contact Stargate Command and plea for General George Hammond (Don S. Davis) to send help. Hammond hesitantly agrees to send Colonel Jack O'Neill (Richard Dean Anderson) and Major Samantha Carter (Amanda Tapping) to assist the Langarans, as Anubis' forces begin rounding up all of the Kelownan scientists involved in their naqahdriah project.

On the ship of Goa'uld System Lord Yu, his First Prime Oshu (Kevan Ohtsji) visits an imprisoned Teal'c (Christopher Judge) in his cell. Teal'c urges Oshu to assume command of his senile master's fleet and destroy Anubis, to which Oshu finally agrees, and releases Teal'c. Believing their force alone will not be enough, the pair contact the rival System Lord Ba'al (Cliff Simon) and persuade him to support them in crushing their common enemy, Anubis. Meanwhile, Anubis' forces onboard his mothership prepare to test the destructive power of the naqahdriah with the ships weapons, whilst Daniel Jackson (Michael Shanks) eludes capture. As Jackson manages to locate the imprisoned Jonas, he cornered by Anubis' Jaffa. The naqahdriah test begins, but soon overloads, resulting in explosions throughout the mothership which blindside the Jaffa allow Jackson to take action, defeating them and liberating Jonas.

Carter and O'Neill, with the help of a recently returned Teal'c, deduce that Anubis is looking for a data crystal that the Kelownans are storing. The crystal may contain ancient Goa'uld knowledge about naqahdriah's instability and secrets to its control. The three of them along with Ambassador Dreylock journey to the warehouse where the crystal is stored, but after acquiring the crystal are surrounded by Anubis' Jaffa. On Anubis' mothership, although they don't know where it will end-up taking them, Jonas and Daniel use a ring platform to escape capture. The rings take them into the warehouse where O'Neill, Carter, Teal'c and Ambassador Dreylock are being held by Anubis' forces, who Jackson and Jonas are able to overpower.

As SG-1 and company return to the bunker, they discover that Commander Hale has betrayed them by summoning Anubis' Jaffa who once again demand the data crystal. Hale hands it to Anubis' First Prime, Her'ak (Michael Adamthwaite), who proceeds to murder him and declares that all present will be executed in public. Ba'al's fleet swiftly arrives in orbit and begins raining down fire upon Anubis' ship which still hovering above the city. As the bunker quakes from the bombardment above, O'Neill and Teal'c spring into action and a firefight with Anubis' forces ensues. As Sam grapples Her'ak for the crystal, Jonas saves Daniel from being shot but in doing so is struck by the blast. Her'ak manages to escapes through the Stargate, but without the crystal and Anubis' ship is destroyed as it attempts to flee; however Anubis escapes in another ship. Back on Earth at Stargate Command, Ambassador Dreylock tells the recovering Jonas Quinn that he is needed amongst his people, and with the return of Daniel Jackson he decides to return home to Kelowna.

Development and writing

With Michael Shanks having returned as Dr. Daniel Jackson, it was decided that the character of Jonas Quinn, portrayed by Corin Nemec would be reduced to a reoccurring cast member. The decision to reduce Nemec's role was attributed to a number of different reasons by the shows creative team. Believing that season 7 would be the shows last, writer and co-executive producer Joseph Mallozzi commented "it came down to the decision to let Michael Shanks finish what he had started and close out the show with the original team", further reasoning that whilst the personalities of Daniel and Jonas were different, they made "very similar contributions to the team". Executive producer Robert C. Cooper felt that a five-person team would be "too crowded" and mean that not all of the characters would be properly serviced, with Mallozzi also pointing out that the show had already established that SG teams consist of four members and "it would seem odd" to deviate. Furthermore, Cooper also highlighted that the cost made it prohibitive to keep increase the cast size. Corin Nemec expressed his disappointment in the decision, although understood the reasoning behind it. Nemec did however feel as though he had "committed to the series based upon promises that were made and sadly, for a variety of reasons, things promised did not materialise", with it originally having been suggested that he would appear in the planned SG-1 feature film and then "be spun-off into the next series, into Stargate: Atlantis". Ultimately, a deal was then reached where Nemec would return for three episodes of season seven.

Co-executive producers and writing duo Joseph Mallozzi and Paul Mullie were assigned to write the episode, which would be the second-part of a two-part story, following on from Robert C. Cooper's season opener "Fallen". In writing the departure of the Jonas Quinn character, Mallozzi and Mullie "more than anything wanted to leave the door open for a possible revisit" and were entirely against either killing the character off or turning him into a villain. A fundamental intention of their writing was also bringing the Quinn character "full circle" and give him a complete arc. The duo therefore set their story on Quinn's home planet of Langara, where they drew on events of season five's episode "Meridian" and season six's "Shadow Play" by having Quinn's earlier warning to his people about the threat of the Goa'uld ring true, with Anubis invading Langara. Cooper explained that Jonas had "left his planet branded a traitor but believed he was doing the right thing by getting to know the galaxy", with the character having spent the last year as a member of SG-1 they had him "take that knowledge and experience back home" to help his people, ending up in what Mullie described as "a position of both respect and authority on his world".

Mallozzi felt that it "fit the story" to have Jonas and Daniel run the operation onboard Anubis' ship together, explaining "If anyone was to be on that ship, it would be the two of them with their knowledge of the Goa’uld language and mothership schematics", although did further admit that "the opportunity to team them was something to which we really looked forward to". In Mullie and Mallozzi's original screenplay, the final scene of the episode between Jack O'Neill (Richard Dean Anderson) and Daniel "was different in the first draft but subsequently changed — but not by Rob [Cooper]" Mallozzi revealed, also noting that he had O'Neill call Jackson "space monkey", a callback to season two's "The Serpent's Lair", but the idea was nixed.

Cast, filming and post-production
Cliff Simon reprises his role as the Goa'uld system lord Ba'al, making his only appearance in season 7. To minimise costs, it was originally written that Ba'al would not be shown onscreen, as Simon would have to be flown in from Los Angeles to film his scenes. As production liked the actor and character, Ba'al's scenes were expanded and Cliff was flown in. David Palffy returns as Anubis, with Kevan Ohtsji and Michael Adamthwaite also returning as Oshu, First Prime of Yu and Her'ak, First Prime of Anubis. Adrian Hough portrays an unnamed Goa'uld scientist, one of Anubis' lieutenants. Hough would later go on to portray the character Pranos in the Stargate Atlantis episode "The Brotherhood". Gillian Barber and Doug Abrahams return as the Kelownan characters of Ambassador Dreylock and Commander Hale, having first been introduced in the episode "Shadow Play". Additionally Glynis Davies and Jan Bos portray Kelownan ambassadors Noor and Sevarin. Multiple stunt performers were hired for the roles of the Jaffa soldiers, including Daniel Cudmore, Aaron Thompson and Fraser Aitcheson.

The episode was directed by Martin Wood, with cinematography by Jim Menard. Filming began in the last week of February, 2003. The bunker set from the television series Jeremiah, a show that Wood had frequently directed on and which was also filmed at The Bridge Studios was redressed to serve as the Kelownan's new Stargate facility. As Jeremiah was not in production at the time, the crew took over the set for around a week, assembling the portable Stargate prop and bringing in various set pieces from previous episodes set on the world of Langara. The scene involving Oshu (Kevan Ohtsji) visiting Teal'c (Christopher Judge) in his prison cell was originally more confrontational, however Wood felt it would be better that Teal'c be more understanding of Oshu's situation and therefore asked Judge to play the scene without any anger.

Image Engine produced the episodes visual effects. The effect of Anubis' mothership descending over the Langaran city of Kelowna was an homage to Independence Day (1996), whilst the Kelownan cityscape effects feature the North Shore Mountains of Vancouver in the background plate. During editing, Robert C. Cooper noticed that the Goa'uld scientist, portrayed by Adrian Hough, had been given a staff weapon. Cooper felt that this incorrectly implied that the Goa'uld character was in fact a Jaffa and decided that the scene would have to be entirely reshot.

Broadcast and ratings
"Homecoming" premiered on June 13, 2003, on the Sci-Fi Channel, directly after previous episode, "Fallen". The episodes were preceded by a behind the scenes look at the making of the seventh season of the show, "Stargate: The Lowdown". The two-part season opening set a new record as the most watched broadcast ever for the Sci-Fi Channel, with a 1.9 Nielsen rating, equating to approximately 2.43 million viewers. This made it the most watched episode of Stargate SG-1 to-date and also the number 1 basic-cable television broadcast that day. In the UK, "Homecoming" was first shown on Sky One on October 6, 2003, and was the channel's 7th most watched show that week with 760,000 viewers. In Canada, the episode was first aired on September 16, 2004, on Space.

Reception
A number of publications commented on Jonas' exit from the series, including TV Zone which commented “after doing such a fine job in Season Six, it’s a shame that Corin Nemec’s character was not allowed to remain as a series regular”. Reviews featured on fansite Gateworld particularly enjoyed the dynamic between Jonas Quinn and Daniel Jackson that ran across this and the previous episode, believing that Jonas' personality had only begun to come "to the fore" in these episodes. Vincent-Rudzki also complemented the Jonas-Daniel pairing and hoped that it would be featured again in future episodes. Jayne Dearsley for SFX echoed this, writing "They really do have great chemistry in their scenes, with Jonas's sparky personality perfectly complementing Daniel's laid-back (if forgetful) vibe". Darren Rea for Sci-fi Online felt "slightly disappointed" by the handling of Jonas Quinn's exit in the episode's conclusion. Julia Houston at About.com asked fans to write to her with their thoughts on the return of Jackson and Quinn's exit, concluding "it's been a while since people have written so passionately about a series".

In her review for SFX, Jayne Dearsley awarded the episode 5 stars, writing "There's a hell of a lot going on in this episode, and most of it is throughly entertaining". Dearsley highlighted the scenes between Teal'c (Christopher Judge) and Oshu (Kevan Ohtsji) as being "acted magnificently", as well as directing her praise at the "astonishing" visual effects. Chloe Richards for Dreamwatch praised the "warm interplay" between the show's main characters and the "spectacular" special effects in both "Fallen" & "Homecoming", calling them a "suitably epic - if wholly unsurprising - start" to the season. IGN awarded the episode 3.5 out of 5, applauded the continued refining of the shows "rich mythology". Jan Vincent-Rudzki for TV Zone praised the episode and continued growth of the series as a whole, writing "this series is such a joy to watch - you never can tell what might happen next". New York Daily News highlighted the return of Michael Shanks.

Home media
"Homecoming" was first released as part of the "Volume 32" region 2 DVD on February 2, 2004, along with previous episode "Fallen", "Fragile Balance" and "Orpheus" which topped the UK TV On Video Chart the following week. It was then released as part of the complete Season 7 boxsets on October 19, 2004, in region 1 and February 28, 2005, in region 2. The episode, along with the rest of season 7 were first made available digitally in January 2008 through iTunes and Amazon Unbox. The episode, along with every other episode of the series, were made available to stream for the first time through Netflix in the USA on August 15, 2010. Michael Shanks, director Martin Wood and cinematographer Jim Menard provide the audio commentary for the episode. The episode, along with the rest of the series has been upscaled for releases on various streaming platforms as well as the 2020 Blu-ray release.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Homecoming (Stargate SG-1)


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Talk:Sunni view of the Sahaba

Tagging
Added tag... this article needs to be formatted a little better. The way the information is laid out would be rather confusing to someone who doesn't have any knowledge of the topic.--Isotope23 18:55, 27 June 2006 (UTC)

 * I've removed the copyedit tag as the copyedit has been completed (at least for now). I've also removed the "disputed neutrality" tag. The tagger didn't explain what was disputed and nothing immediately leaps out in the current version, so I assume whatever the problem was back in December 2007 has been resolved in the interim. I have also added a rference tag as the article doesn't have any.

 * Other points of view re tags are welcome. Euryalus (talk) 02:24, 6 June 2008 (UTC)

Those quotes from islamicweb.com
Firstly, the first one works as a support for their argument, but why also include the second one about Abu Bakr, when that one only really talks about Abu Bakr and not the Sahaba in general? Secondly, the page linked to is fairly rabid in its hate for both Shi'a and non-Muslims... but I guess that's really neither here nor there, since the article here only contains the Qur'an quote they use to support their case. -Paul Willocx 17:01, 27 July 2006 (UTC)

Resources
--Striver 20:55, 8 November 2006 (UTC)

Doctrines
These are extreme Sunni views that not all Sunnis hold. The article is written from a controversial point of view using ambiguous language and very vague citations. It needs major cleanup and scholarly attention. Aslamt 21:32, 14 January 2007 (UTC)

deleting shia view of the sunni view
I think this is pretty repetitive, and I already asked for a Sunni view of the Shia view, but got no response. I also think it's quite silly, and can only get worse: "Sunni view of the Shia view of the Sunni view". I will delete this section in a few days, unless there are any objections.Unflavoured 07:55, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

Merger proposal
The article Uprightness of all Sahaba was recently proposed for deletion as a fork of Sahaba. While respecting the point of view behind this proposal I think a discussion of particular doctrines held by some but not all believers has some merit as a standalone article, separate from the main Sahaba page. I agree that there need not be multiple articles where a few will do, as a smaller number is of greater assistance to the reader than having to wander all across Wikipedia.

Instead of deleting the "Uprightness" page I propose it be merged with this one, which gives a broad overview of several doctrines and already mentions Uprightness, allowing easy inclusion of the material from the other page.

Any other views and comments welcome. Euryalus (talk) 22:49, 10 June 2008 (UTC)
 * I will merge. Sole Soul (talk) 04:45, 8 October 2009 (UTC)

Removal of Mohammed Ibn Abi Bakr
Due to Mohammed Ibn Abi Bakr being involved in the assassination of Uthman Ibn Affan and him joining al-khawarej afterwards, it is not prudent to be using him as an example of "The younger companions who saw Muhammad as children." ranking because he became no longer representative of the righteousness of Sahaba. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 218.111.19.172 (talk) 15:04, 14 June 2009 (UTC)

Sahaba in the Qur'an
please i am trying to show quran verses but people keep deleting them. but these are all mentioned in the books that i hav shown. so please dont just delete them. maybe they are a lot and a bit too big. but please help me improve them and not just deleting them quickly.Suenahrme (talk) 04:00, 27 September 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sunni view of the Sahaba


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Fallen (Stargate SG-1)

"Fallen" is the 1st episode of the seventh season of science fiction television series Stargate SG-1. The episode was first broadcast on June 13, 2003, on the Sci-Fi Channel and was immediately followed by the 2nd episode and conclusion to the two-part story, "Homecoming". A behind the scenes documentary and look ahead at the upcoming seventh season called "Stargate: The Lowdown" preceded the episode. Executive producer Robert C. Cooper wrote the episode, with Martin Wood directing. The episode is the 133rd overall.

In the episode, continuing their search for the Lost City of the Ancients, Stargate Command discovers Daniel Jackson (Michael Shanks) living on an alien planet with no memory of who he is or how he got there. As SG-1 try to help Jackson remember who he is, they hatch a plan to lure the Goa'uld Anubis into a trap.

The episode set a new record as both the most watched broadcast ever for the Sci-Fi Channel and most watched episode of the show so far. Also notably, "Fallen" marks the return of Michael Shanks' character Daniel Jackson as a main cast member after leaving the main cast at the end of season five.

Plot
On a planet of ancient ruins, four nomads walking in the forest come across the body of a naked man lying among the dirt and leaves: It is Dr. Daniel Jackson (Michael Shanks). Back at Stargate Command, Jonas Quinn (Corin Nemec), who has been studying an ancient tablet discovers that the "lost city" that they have been searching for is a mistranslation; it is actually the "city of the lost". Furthermore, he believes that it would be the last on the list of Stargate addresses that Jack entered in the database when he had the repository of Ancient downloaded into his brain. SG-1 go to planet, referred to as Vis Uban, in hopes of finding the elusive city. SG-1 locates the ancient ruins and makes contact with the nomad tribe who inhabit it. Much to everyone's surprise, Daniel Jackson has been living amongst them. Known to the nomads as "Arrom", Jackson has no memory of his life before arriving on the planet, but in time Jack O'Neill (Richard Dean Anderson) and Samantha Carter (Amanda Tapping) convince him to return with them to Earth. Back on Earth, Daniel slowly begins to remember fragments of who he was and soon makes the assessment that Jonas' translation of the tablet is incorrect and that the Ancients deliberately hid their city, erasing it from historical documents and making the assessment that it isn't on Vis Uban. The team see an opportunity to lure Anubis, who is also searching for the Ancient lost city, to Vis Uban in order to destroy his super-weapon and cripple his mothership.

With help from the Tok'ra, Stargate Command gain incomplete specifications for Anubis' ship and set about planting a plant a fake tablet for Anubis to find, luring him to Vis Uban. Knowing they will need to goad Anubis into powering the super-weapon in order to destroy it, Teal'c (Christopher Judge) then journeys through the Stargate to Lord Yu's stronghold to make an alliance, with Yu agreeing to send his fleet. As Anubis arrive in orbit above Vis Uban, Jonas and Daniel use rings to transport onboard his ship in order to locate the target. O'Neill and Carter then launch their attack from space in an F-302 fighter against Anubis' mothership and its death gliders, eventually using a hyperspace-burst to penetrate the ships shields and destroy the reactor. Unfortunately, the senile Yu becomes confused and orders his fleet of ships to journey elsewhere, and Teal'c is taken to a holding cell. Daniel and Jonas meanwhile become cornered by Anubis' Jaffa soldiers and manage to capture Jonas, who is then interrogated by Anubis.

Development and writing
Stargate SG-1 was officially renewed by the Sci-Fi Channel for a seventh season on November 7, 2002, with the network confirming that Richard Dean Anderson would return as Jack O'Neill. The following day the network made the announcement that actor Michael Shanks would return as Daniel Jackson, once again as part of the main cast, having left at the end of season five. The following week it was further announced that Don S. Davis would return as George Hammond, Amanda Tapping as Samantha Carter and Christopher Judge as Teal'c, whilst Corin Nemec's Jonas Quinn would now be reduced to a reoccurring character. It was Robert C. Cooper and Brad Wright's intention after Michael Shanks exit in season five's "Meridian" to allow the possibility for Daniel Jackson to return by having the character "ascend to a higher plain of existence", instead of killing the character off. This led to a number of guest appearances across season six, culminating in the season's final episode, "Full Circle", which after completing, Shanks expressed his desire to Cooper to rejoin the show.

Shanks, who had previously been unsatisfied with his characters development spoke at length with Cooper about the direction Daniel Jackson should head in. The pair agreed that the character needed to have evolved and developed, with Shanks commenting that "it can't be that Daniel comes back and everything goes back to the way it was before he left, because that would mean the show wasted a year evolving in a different direction without him". Shanks felt that Daniel's time amongst the ascended Ancients and being prevented by Oma Desala from preventing Anubis from destroying Abydos in "Full Circle" would have made the character suspicious of the Ancients, stating "he would be less inclined to smooth things over and would stop putting his faith in the hope that things will turn out all right". He also wanted Daniel to be "more intense, more restive and less satisfied" upon his return and felt that his character should "be less inclined to smooth things over and would stop putting his faith in the hope that things will turn out all right". Writer and producer Joseph Mallozzi pitched to Cooper that following "Full Circle", Daniel Jackson should retake human form, but in doing so he loses his memories, likening his return to "an angel cast down from heaven, stripped of his memories and left to start a new life on Earth". Shanks and Cooper felt that given the "philosophical difference" between Daniel and the ascended Ancient beings, the character would make the decision to return as flesh and blood, given the rules imposed upon him during his time ascended, with Shanks commenting "he's not actually going to accomplish much by staying on the path he's currently on".

Beyond the return of Daniel Jackson, the attack against Anubis' mothership was one of the other most significant plot points. Being a big fan of Star Wars, Robert C. Cooper based many of the sequences on both the original 1977 film and Return of the Jedi, even having O'Neill directly reference "red leader". The production team spent two days storyboarding what would become a complicated visual effects sequence to ensure that the live action photography and visual effects would match. Director Martin Wood also consulted a fighter pilot to make the dialog that would be used by Jack O'Neill and Samantha Carter more accurate.

Some scenes caused debate amongst both the production team and the cast members. Mallozzi recalled that there was debate amongst the writers as to whether Jack O'Neill's "no, but he plays one on TV" response to another character pointing out Teal'c for being Jaffa broke the fourth wall, with it ultimately being kept in. During development of the episode, director Martin Wood felt that the reintroduction of Daniel Jackson and Jonas returning to his home world needed to be a four episode arc, however it was decided that this would take up too much of the season and not service enough of the other characters.

George Touliatos portrays Shamda, the leader of the nomad people who inhabit the ancient city on Vis Uban, with Raahul Singh playing one of his people, Khordib. Touliatos previously portrayed the character of Pyrus in the episode "Need". The episode introduced the reoccurring character of Oshu, Yu's First Prime, portrayed by Kevan Ohtsji. Martin Wood specifically wanted to cast someone in the position of Yu's first prime who wasn't as tall and physically imposing as some of the previous First Prime's, particularly in contrast to Christopher Judge who he would share the majority of his scenes with. Johannah Newmarch returns as the Tok'ra operative Sina, whilst David Palffy, Michael Adamthwaite and Vince Crestejo return as Goa'uld reoccurring characters Anubis, Her'ak and Yu. Teryl Rothery, Gary Jones, Dan Shea and Eric Breker return as Dr. Janet Fraiser, Sgt. Walter Harriman, Sgt. Siler and Colonel Reynolds whilst director Martin Wood makes a cameo as a Stargate Command technician.

Filming
The episode was directed by Martin Wood, with Jim Menard as director of photography. Filming took place in February and March 2003. One of the episodes primary locations was an alien planet referred to as Vis Uban. Exterior scenes that would take place on the planet, such as Daniel Jackson descending were filmed at Tynehead Regional Park in Surrey, British Columbia. Production designer Bridget McQuire's team designed the city, with McQuire explaining "the idea behind this set was that the ancient colonnade is part of a city that's been abandoned for centuries. The new inhabitants were nomads", with the set being constructed at Norco Studio in Burnaby. Many of the regular sets at both Norco and The Bridge Studios were used, with the Goa'uld corridors being redressed to serve as both Yu and Anubis' ship interiors, with the Goa'uld cargo ship set redressed to serve as Anubis' bridge. Wood used wide angle lens' to make the re-dressed cargo ship look like a far larger space. In order to best capture the scenes involving Daniel crawling through the air-vent's onboard Anubis' ship, Menard had to construct his own makeshift camera dolly come crane that could pull in and out of the highly confined space. The F302 space fighter set from the previous season was also used. In order to simulate the space battle, Wood & Menard used lightning strikers, as well as blasting propane to create flames impacting the cockpit and used a device that physically shakes the camera to further simulate movement and impacts on the craft. Visual effects supervisor James Tichenor later directed a second unit of photography in March, for some of the pick-up shots in the interior of the F302.

As with previous seasons, Wood and Menard looked for new and interesting ways to shoot within the shows most prominently featured set, Stargate Command. This included a long take at the start of the episode that followed Corin Nemec's character Jonas Quinn throughout the set without any cuts. Wood also commented that he started splitting the briefing room table in half during scenes in "Fallen", something he would go on to do more and more in season seven.

For the reveal of Daniel Jackson descending, Martin Wood proposed that the shot be a much more cinematic wide shot from a crane extremely high in the sky; however this was reduced to a far closer crane shot than Wood wanted, with the director commenting that "people felt it was giving away too much, like Oma had just deposited him [Daniel] there". Amanda Tapping and Michael Shanks debated with Wood and Cooper over Daniel Jackson and Samantha Carter's reunion scene. The script sees an amnestic Daniel Jackson question if there was ever a romantic relationship between him and Sam, something Shanks and Tapping felt was out of place given the characters purely platonic friendship. Cooper justified its inclusion as signifying just how close friends Sam and Daniel were, to the point where an outsider observer might mistake their friendship for something more; with Shanks ultimately feeling that it really helped justify why Daniel decides to leave the nomads and return with SG-1 to Earth. Discussing performing Daniel Jackson's memory loss, Shanks commented that it proved far more challenging than he had foreseen; "everything you do with your character is a part of who he is. If you erase all that and then ask hi, 'who are you now?' naturally he hasn't a clue". Shanks worked to convey a sense of frustration in the character at his "inability to remember things and having to reestablish ties with friends".

Post-production
Wood was frustrated with many of the resulting scenes from "Fallen", remarking "I just didn't go a good job of it". Wood's particular dissatisfaction came from the pacing of the episode, noting that there was just too much to fit in two episodes and that it was "way too big". The first cut of "Fallen" was 11 minutes too long and had to be drastically cut down, with some scene being entirely cut out, with Wood noting that this mostly affected character moments. One of the earliest scenes between Jonas, General Hammond and Carter discussing the location of the Lost City was almost halved in length. Scenes expanding Daniel's (then known as "Arrom") relationship with the nomad people were also largely removed, including early scenes where Daniel expresses his frustration at being unable to remember anything to Shamda (George Touliatos), whilst O'Neill's discussion with Shamda before Daniel's arrival were trimmed down as was SG-1 and Daniel's exchange with Hammond in the gate room after returning to Earth. Following O'Neill leaving Daniel in his room at Stargate Command, there was originally a montage sequence involving Daniel studying his belongings, trying to remember the name of his deceased wife, Sha're, who he has a photo of. This would have then lead into the following scene where he tells Teal'c he's managed to remembered, with Wood feeling that it made it more of a victory for the character. One of the late scenes involving Jonas being interrogated by Anubis was also originally far longer.

Image Engine created the majority of the episodes visual effects, whilst Rainmaker and Krista Mclean also contributed with achieve effects created by GVFX also featuring. Former in-house matte painter Kent Matheson returned to the series to produce the matte paintings for the episode, for what would be his final contribution to the show. The included set extensions and scenery shots of the Ancient city on the planet referred to as Vis Uban. As scenes in Cooper's story had such unmistakable influence from Star Wars, Wood encouraged visual effects supervisor James Tichenor to really embrace and accentuate this influence in the visual effects sequences involving O'Neill and Carter's F302 attach against Anubis' mothership, borrowing elements from the Rebel Alliance's Death Star trench run from the 1977 film, and the reactor bombing run in Return of the Jedi. During the live action photography of the sequence, actors Richard Dean Anderson and Amanda Tapping wore masks that obscured their characters faces. Wood had the pair dub their entire performance, as they were laughing so much during the scenes.

Release and reception
The plot for "Fallen" was revealed before filming commenced in January 2003.

Broadcast
"Fallen" premiered on June 13, 2003, on the Sci-Fi Channel and was immediately followed by the second part of the episode "Homecoming". The episode was preceded by a behind the scenes look at the making of the seventh season of the show, "Stargate: The Lowdown". The episode set a new record as the most watched broadcast ever for the Sci-Fi Channel, with a 1.9 Nielsen rating, equating to approximately 2.43 million viewers. This made it the most watched episode of Stargate SG-1 to-date and also the number 1 basic-cable television broadcast that day. In the UK, "Fallen" was first shown on Sky One on September 29, 2003. The episode had approximately 790,000 viewers, making it the channel's 4th most popular show that week.

Reception
IGN positively received the episode, awarding it 4 stars out of 5, commenting "SG-1 has maintained a certain level of comfort, like a favorite pair of blue jeans". The reviewer attested that whilst many shows struggle to keep their audience entertained, or become "too pretentious for their own good", Stargate SG-1 was showing "little sign of running out of gas". The reviewer appreciated the references throughout the episode to Star Wars, highlighting the quality of CGI effects sequence of the attack on Anubis' mothership. DVD Talk positively received the episode, commenting that the opening "gives a lot of fans what they have been clamouring for; the return of Daniel Jackson". Sci-fi Online awarded the episode 8 out of 10 stars, commenting on the humor, Star Wars references and that it "gets season seven off on the right foot".

TV Zone editor Jan Vincent Rudzki positively received the episode, awarding it 8/10. The reviewer was particularly praising of teaming Daniel Jackson (Shanks) and Jonas Quinn (Nemec) together, commenting that it "gives credence to Jonas' exit", whilst expressing that "the only downside is that the two worked so well together; it's a shame this new 'partnership' couldn't have continued". Brian Ford Sullivan for The Futon Critic awarded the two-parter the 39th position in his "The 50 Best Episodes of 2003" list, writing "You'd be hard pressed to find a better execution of your typical 'changing of the guard' episode(s)", praising the way the series continued to handle ongoing continuity and character arcs.

Although usually ignored by the mainstream press, being a season premiere various outlets covered the episode. Mark Sachs of Los Angeles Times applauded the two-parter as one of the "delights of its genre", whilst Zap2it also positively received the episode, with it leading their recommended shows for that day. The New York Daily News highlighted the return of Michael Shanks, as did The Boston Herald's John Ruch, although he denounced the two-parter as an "aging sci-fi series, which at this point looks pretty boring itself", claiming that "the most exciting thing Stargate SG-1 has to offer is the return of a cast member who was so bored with his character that he left the show".

The featured reviews on fansite Gateworld were mixed-average, with Alli Snow awarding 2.5 out of 5 stars and another featured review by Lex giving 3.5 out of 5. Snow enjoyed the interplay between Daniel Jackson (Michael Shanks) and Jonas Quinn (Corin Nemec), but was critical of what they believed to be contrived story. Reviewer Lex felt that the choice to pay homage to Star Wars was well executed, but had hoped for a more original sequence and was also critical of the portrayal of the "cliche" villain Anubis. The reviewer noted that the "most poignant moment" of the episode was the scene where Dr. Jackson (Michael Shanks) telling Teal'c (Christopher Judge) he's remembered the name of his wife.

Home media
"Fallen" was first released as part of the "Volume 32" region 2 DVD on February 2, 2004, along with subsequence episodes "Homecoming", "Fragile Balance" and "Orpheus". It was then released as part of the complete Season 7 boxsets on October 19, 2004, in region 1 and February 28, 2005, in region 2. The episode, along with the rest of season 7 were first made available digitally in January 2008 through iTunes and Amazon Unbox. The episode, along with every other episode of the series, were made available to stream for the first time through Netflix in the USA on August 15, 2010.

Two deleted scenes were made available on the Sci-Fi Channel's Stargate website in July 2003. The deleted scene involving Daniel receiving advice was later made available in May 2006 on Sci-Fi Channel Pulse video platform, along with other deleted scenes from season 7 and 8.

title: Fallen (Stargate SG-1)


text: User talk:86.42.33.50

title: User talk:86.42.33.50


text:
Talk:Whitney embedding theorem

[First topic]
I assume that there are at least two versions, with different conditions, yielding 2n and 2n+1 as the dimension. Can anyone authoratively clarify this? --Pjacobi 01:46, August 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * 2n is stronger, but often it is proved only for 2n+1 sinse it is much easier. Tosha 01:04, 23 September 2005 (UTC)

Are the hyperbolic plane and hyperbolic n-space smooth and second countable? In other words, are such manifolds (the hyperbolic plane being a surface, or 2-manifold) covered by this theorem? Kevin Lamoreau 04:20, 7 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Technically, yes. But the smooth structure of hyperbolic n-space is identical to that of Euclidean n-space, so the Whitney theorem is unnecessary; you can already smoothly embed Hn in Rn, let alone R2n. This embedding is going to screw up the curvature, but curvature isn't a property of smooth manifolds, so we're not worried about that here. Melchoir 06:14, 24 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Thanks for your reply, Melchoir. What I am actually interested in is knowing what dimensions of Euclidean space hyberbolic n-spaces of various n (particularly hyperbolic 1-, 2- and 3-space) are "naturally" contained in.  In other words, if I were to take the hyperboloid model of the hyperbolic plane or the equivilent model for hyperbolic 1- or 3-space and converted the graph from the Minkowski space R1,n (n being the dimension of the hyperbolic space in question) to the infinate-dimensional Euclidean space R∞, first, could I make such a conversion without altering the graph beyond the fact that I'm graphing it in a different space, second, would the resulting graph lie entirely within a "hyperplane" (although with an infinite codimension) of Euclidean m-space of finite m and third, could anyone tell me what m would be for n (the dimension of the hyperbolic space) = 1, 2 and 3.  I thought at first that saying a manifold could be embedded in a cetain space was equivalent to saying that it could be graphed in that space and be as much "itself," if you know what I mean, as a sphere is in Euclidean 3-space or as any n-sphere is in Euclidean (n + 1)-space.  Perhaps that is the case for an isometric embedding (not merely a smooth embedding), but perhaps not.  If that's not the case is there any term for (or always equivilent to) a manifold being able to be so contained in a certain space.  In any case that's what I'm really interested in.  I know it may not matter much in terms of any mathematical application, but I just want to know what dimension of Euclidean space hyperbolic 1-, 2- and 3-space can be "naturally" contained in. Kevin Lamoreau 05:16, 1 May 2006 (UTC) - edited by myself, Kevin Lamoreau 20:17, 1 May 2006 (UTC)

 * It does sound like you're asking about isometric embeddings. Well, 1-dimensional flat and hyperbolic space are geometrically and in every way the same. But at 2 dimensions and greater, my intuition says that it's impossible to isometrically embed H^n in Euclidean space of any dimension; it would be hard to keep the image from circling around and hitting itself. I'm sure there are theorems to this effect; you may get a more enlightened response at Reference desk/Mathematics. Melchoir 20:26, 4 June 2006 (UTC)

The 2-dimensional hyperbolic plane admits an isometric embedding into 6-dimensional Euclidean space. See: Blanusa (Monatshefte Math. 59 (1955) 217-229)  More generally, any compact Riemann manifold admits *some* isometric embedding into some (very high dimensional) Euclidean space. This is called the Nash Embedding Theorem and it is a "big deal". Anyhow, for the embedding of the 2-dimensional hyperbolic plane in R^6, here is an explicit formula from a sci.math.research post of Dave Rusin's:

-- Now I will describe the embedding of R^2  into  R^6. This is not exactly what one would call an "obvious" construction, but there are certain patterns to it which suggest how Blanusa might have been led to it. We will send the point (u,v) to a point with six coordinates (x1, ..., x6) which are functions of u  and  v  of the special forms

x1 = x1(u)

x2 = f1(u) sin( v psi1(u) )

x3 = f1(u) cos( v psi1(u) )

x4 = f2(u) sin( v psi2(u) )

x5 = f2(u) cos( v psi2(u) )

x6 = v

I will describe the functions x1, f1, f2, psi1, psi2 (of one variable each) in stages.

Let [x] denote the integer part of x.

The functions psi1  and  psi2  are periodic functions of |u| (period = 2) which on [0,2]  are exponentials of linear maps: psi1(u) = exp( 2*[ (|u|+1)/2 ] + 5 ) psi2(u) = exp( 2*[ ( |u| )/2 ] + 6 ) There are discontinuities in the psi_i  at certain integers but other parts of the construction will keep the x_i  smooth.

Define two functions phi_i  via certain normalized antiderivatives: writing F(x) = sin( pi x )/exp( sin^{-2}(pi x) ) we have phi1(u) = { (1/A) integral( F(x), x=0 to x= u+1 ) }^(1/2) phi2(u) = { (1/A) integral( F(x), x=0 to x= u  ) }^(1/2) where A = integral( F(x), x=0 to x=1 ) = 0.141327... These functions phi_i  are non-negative, periodic, and satisfy phi1^2 + phi2^2 = 1 and phi1(u) = phi2(u+1). You can think of the phi_i as being very smooth versions of |sin(pi u)|  and  |cos(pi u)|.

Now set   f_i(u) = sinh(u) phi_i(u)/psi_i(u)   for  i=1,2  and define x1  to be an antiderivative of  1-(f1')^2-(f2')^2  having  x1(0)=0.

Loosely speaking the mapping x1  sends lines in  R^2  far enough away, and the the coordinates x2, x3, x4, x5 allow the points in these line to spin around in four perpendicular directions, with enough spinning to account for the fact that the images of lines are supposed to grow very long. The last coordinate x6  merely adds a motion in another perpendicular direction to separate points so that these curves don't self-intersect.

The metric which R^2  inherits from this embedding into  R^6  comes out to ds^2 = du^2 + cosh(u)^2 dv^2, from which one finds the curvature to be constant and negative, making  R^2  into the hyperbolic plane.

dave --

 * Note: I placed lines above to clearly demarcate the writing of Dave Rusin (i.e., more than just formulas).

 * Incidentally, the Nash embedding theorem states that any Riemannian n-manifold -- including the noncompact ones -- has an isometric embedding into some Euclidean space, and it gives an upper bound on the required dimension as a function of n. (This bound has been improved somewhat over the years.)  For a large number of specific cases, the least possible embedding dimension is not known.

 * Also, it's worth mentioning that the Nash-Kuiper C^1 embedding theorem implies that if one requires that the isometric embedding be only once continuously differentiable, then the hyperbolic plane embeds isometrically in 3-space.Daqu (talk) 09:05, 31 January 2009 (UTC)

Assumptions
This article, and Whitney immersion theorem, assumes a "second-countable... manifold". As explained at Topological_manifold, the word "manifold" implies second-countable. I'll remove the second-countable bit. Melchoir 06:04, 24 February 2006 (UTC)
 * It is "usually required" but not always required!, it is better to revert it Tosha 21:38, 4 March 2006 (UTC)
 * I think that by "usually required," the author of that section meant that most mathematicians have being Hausdorff and second-countable as a criteria for a topological space to be considered a topological manifold. If every manifold is (at least) a topological manifold, than most mathematicians may indeed believe that the word manifold implies second-countability.  But I'm not sure that are not any non-topological manifolds (differential manifolds are topological, but people may sometimes speak of topological manifolds as those which are not differential), though.  I just thought I'd add what I just did to try to acheive greater clarity. Kevin Lamoreau 19:05, 22 April 2006 (UTC)
 * On sentence of the Manifold, reads, "It is customary to require that the space be Hausdorff and second countable [to be deemed a topological manifold]." Also, the section Manifold begins by saying, "In topology, an n-manifold is a second countable Hausdorff space in which every point has a neighborhood homeomorphic to an open Euclidean n-ball, :$$\mathbf{B}^n = \{ (x_1, x_2, ..., x_n) | x_1^2 + x_2^2 + ... + x_n^2 < 1 \}.$$"  So it seems pretty clear that the general consensus of mathemeticians is that all manifolds are second-countable.  I hope that information helps. Kevin Lamoreau 19:21, 22 April 2006 (UTC)

That is all true but it is also ok to leave it in the formulation (just in case), we could put it in "".--Tosha 22:02, 22 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Second-countable is very commonly assumed for manifolds. The digression in the intro was distracting from the real content so I removed most of it. - Gauge 04:06, 28 June 2006 (UTC)

 * The above statements are misleading. Yes, most topologists studying manifolds are interested in studying manifolds that are assumed to be second countable and Hausdorff.  But in careful mathematical writing, these assumptions are mentioned explicitly, not tacitly presumed by the mere use of the word manifold.

 * There are, by the way, some extremely interesting surfaces that are not second countable, in particular the Pruefer surface. Unlike the "long line" or surfaces built by using the long line, the Pruefer surface does not depend on the Axiom of Choice.Daqu (talk) 09:05, 31 January 2009 (UTC)

What type of embedding does the Whitney embedding theorem apply to?
Inspired by a realisation that there is more than one type of embedding (with definitions that are not equivilant, although satisfaction of some of those definitions imply satisfaction of others, i.e. all isometric embeddings are smooth), I thought I'd ask which type of embedding, as defined in the article of that name in Wikipedia, the Whitney embedding theorem applies to. In other words, in what way does the Whitney embedding theorem state that any smooth, second-countable (if that's not redundant) m-dimensional manifold can be embedded in Euclidean $$2m$$-space? That information ought to be added to the first sentence of this article, as well as the defining sentences of all articles on embedding theorems in Wikipedia. It would only take the addition of one adverb for this article, although if the answer is that the Whitney Embedding Theorem only guarantees the existance of a smooth embedding (as opposed to an isometric embedding) of a smooth, second-countable m-dimensional manifold in Euclidean $$2m$$-space, that probably ought to be specified somewhere in the article. I'd be happy to do make these editions myself, as I consider myself pretty good at coming up with encyclopidia-appropriate language when I know what I want to be (I don't care that much when I'm asking for information in discussion pages), but if someone else wants to go ahead and do that him/herself that's fin with me. Kevin Lamoreau 20:41, 1 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Smoothly. (done) Melchoir 20:21, 4 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Thanks. Kevin Lamoreau 19:21, 5 June 2006 (UTC)

 * It's not true that "all isometric embeddings are smooth", since smooth means infinitely diffferentiable. For example, a square curve, of side equal to π/2, parametrized by arclength in the plane is an isometric embedding of the unit circle, and this isometric embedding is not even once-differentiable.Daqu (talk) 16:47, 27 February 2009 (UTC)

 * What are you responding to? It looks like you maybe put your comment in the wrong place?  There's no isometric anything in the comment above yours.  This article is about the Whitney embedding theorem, which makes no comment about metrics. Rybu (talk) 03:00, 2 March 2009 (UTC)

 * The first sentence of this section includes the clause "i.e., all isometric embeddings are smooth."Daqu (talk) 02:49, 31 March 2009 (UTC)

Technically, the strong Whitney embedding theorem (SWET) only applies to connected 2nd countable Hausdorff manifolds. If you allow disconnected manifolds, then consider the two point space (as a 0-dimensional manifold) and find an embedding into R^0.

The proof of the SWET is done in several steps. You need the weak embedding theorem (embeds in 2n+1), then you consider n-dimensional manifolds with n>2, because this gives 2n>4 and so you can approximate a map from a 2-disc to R^{2n} by an embedding (by the weak embedding theorem). But just having the disc is not enough. You can not remove a single double point! Whitney went to a lot of trouble in his paper to show how you have to artifically introduce extra "local" double points so that you can use it to cancel with the "natural" ones. You handle 0, 1 and 2-dimensional manifolds seperately.

Anyhow, this article needs a lot of cleaning up.

connected (?)
Q: Any reason for the connected hypothesis??

A: Consider the case where the manifold is 0-dimensional. A 2-point set does not embed in a 1-point set.

some recent edits
Hi Nbarth, one of your recent edits had a mistake in it. The mobius band isn't the only non-orientable manifold that embeds in R^3, for example. All compact connected non-orientable manifolds with non-empty boundary embed in R^3. I also brought back the comment that the strong Whitney embedding theorem is best-possible in dimensions that are a power of 2. Maybe it doesn't deserve to be in the front matter of the article but it should be somewhere. Your revision had it deleted and replace with some redundant info on the weak immersion theorem. Redundant as in the sense that it was already mentioned elsewhere in the article. Anyhow the spirit of your revisions seem okay to me modulo execution and one mistake. Rybu (talk) 16:02, 6 May 2009 (UTC)

Can the theorem be extended to infinite dimensional Banach manifolds?
That is, is it true that an infinite dimensional Banach manifold is embeddable in its corresponding Banach space? Are there known counterexamples? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 193.188.47.46 (talk) 07:59, 23 October 2017 (UTC)

Errors
The introduction to the article contains this passage:

"*The weak Whitney embedding theorem states that any continuous function from an $n$-dimensional manifold to an $m$-dimensional manifold may be approximated by a smooth embedding provided $m > 2n$. Whitney similarly proved that such a map could be approximated by an immersion provided $m > 2n − 1$. This last result is sometimes called the Whitney immersion theorem."

This has the inequalities exactly backwards. It is the dimension of the larger manifold (into which the embedding or immersion occurs) that must be on the higher side of the inequality (not the dimension of the manifold that is being embedded or immersed).

I hope someone knowledgeable about this subject will fix these serious errors. 2601:200:C082:2EA0:6D35:62ED:104D:48D0 (talk) 04:45, 4 March 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Whitney embedding theorem


text:
Talk:Sea anenomes

Untitled
Note there were 10 people who voted Redirect and one who voted Delete -- No one wante the article kept as it then existed. I think the redir must be regarded as supported by a clear consensus. DES (talk) 03:41, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

 * A redirect vote is a vote to keep. I no longer purport to decide on disposition of a kept article as this is far better dealt with by discussion or being bold after the VfD, and it's unrealistic to attempt to enforce disposition. It's fine if such a consensus arises as a result of the deletion discussion but that is not the primary aim of a deletion discussion. --Tony Sidaway Talk 05:47, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Actually, a redirect vote is a vote to delete. People who vote 'redirect' think the article's content is discardable. Whether the article is actually deleted or simply replaced with a redir is irrelevant; it's content does not remain visible to the average user. Radiant_ >|< 09:12, August 28, 2005 (UTC)

That is simply incorrect. A redirect keeps everything about the article, every single part of it. Absolutely no deletion occurs. The average user can see the entire history, so I have no idea what you mean by saying that the content does not remain visible to him. --Tony Sidaway Talk 09:23, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * You can argue semantics all day but that doesn't make you any less wrong. The average user doesn't use the history button, nor the "redirected from " indicator. WP:NOT a bureaucracy, so stop trying to make it one. Radiant_ >|< 09:38, August 28, 2005 (UTC)

I'm not arguing semantics, I've explained to you fully and completely that redirection is in no manner any kind of deletion. Nothing is deleted. One revert is all that is required to expose an earlier version; ia redirected article differs in no sense at all, semantic or otherwise, from one that has not been redirected, and it bears absolutely no resemblance, semantic or otherwise, to a deleted article. I notice that you've actually taken to editing the Guide to VfD in order to make it support your point of view. That is utterly beneath contempt. --Tony Sidaway Talk 10:08, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sea anenomes


text: File:Stargate Cameron Mitchell.jpg

title: File:Stargate Cameron Mitchell.jpg


text:
Full Circle (Stargate SG-1)

"Full Circle" is the season finale for season six of the Canadian-American military science fiction television series Stargate SG-1. It was originally intended to be the last episode of Stargate SG-1. The episode was written by executive producer Robert C. Cooper and directed by Martin Wood. The episodes received an average Nielsen household rating and a low syndication rating compared to other season six episodes. The episode got strong reviews from major media publishers worldwide.

"Full Circle" follows the Ascended Daniel Jackson contacting Jack O'Neill and tells him that Anubis has located The Eye of Ra, an enormously powerful weapon that can defeat the combined forces of the Goa'uld System Lords. SG-1 then travels to Abydos to create a defensive position against the Goa'uld Army, Anubis then appears over the planet and threatens to destroy it if they don't give him The Eye of Ra.

Plot
On Abydos, Skaara speaks with the Abydonian elders about Anubis, who will attack soon. In the middle of their council, Daniel appears, telling them that they will not fight alone. At the SGC, Col. O'Neill steps on an elevator, which malfunctions in the middle of the ride. Just as he tries to use the emergency phone, Daniel appears behind him and updates him on the situation with Anubis, who plans to get the "Eye of Ra" from Abydos, a key (along with five others) to using a super weapon. Jack demands to know why Daniel, with all the powers of the Ascended, can't stop Anubis himself, and Daniel tries to explain again what he is and is not allowed to do.

Jack relays Daniel's intel to General Hammond and SG-1. When they ask where he got that kind of information, he reluctantly admits to seeing Daniel, and that it isn't the first time. No one seems terribly surprised to hear it, and Teal'c mentions that he, too, has seen Daniel. Hammond approves the mission, and SG-1 goes to Abydos where they meet up with Ska'ara, who brings them into an underground chamber, where they hope to find the Eye. While Sam and Jonas explore the chamber, Jack asks Ska'ara if he's seeing anyone, and Ska'ara tells him that he's betrothed. In the meantime, Anubis' mothership appears out of hyperspace and several ships fly to the pyramid, which is defended by Teal'c and a number of Abydonians. When the ships and ground troops attack, Teal'c radios Jack, who, irked by Daniel's absence, starts yelling for Daniel. Daniel appears and tries to say he still can't help, but Jack pushes him. Giving in, Daniel agrees to help Sam and Jonas figure out how to find the chamber while Jack and Ska'ara go above to assist Teal'c. Daniel, Major Carter, and Jonas open the chamber, full of artifacts, but not the Eye. In the pyramid, Ska'ara is mortally wounded while Jack and Teal'c fight valiantly to hold their ground. They are finally forced retreat to the underground chamber where Daniel concludes that the other ascended beings are Ancients. They discover a tablet, written in the language of the Ancients, which reveals information about a lost city of the Ancients. Daniel instructs Jonas to guard it with his life, then departs.

Carter and Jonas find another secret chamber, which Sam shoots open, revealing the Eye. Jack and Teal'c, with Ska'ara, appear, bedraggled from the Jaffa onslaught. Their leader, Herak, confronts SG-1, demanding the Eye. Jack simply threatens to destroy the Eye. Herak returns to the ship and informs Anubis. As Herak departs, Daniel confronts Anubis, who reveals what he truly is, a partially ascended being. In space, a fleet of Ha'tak vessels appears and Yu contacts Anubis, threatening to destroy him. Daniel, on the other hand, offers Anubis a deal: he will bring him the Eye if Anubis promises to leave Abydos unharmed forever. The Goa'uld agrees. Daniel goes to SG-1, where he hears to his surprise that Ska'ara has died and ascended, realizing that Oma must be present. He advises the team of Anubis' partially ascended state: stuck between the mortal world and the ascended one. Anubis was thought dead but actually ascended. The Ancients, only accepting pure of heart among their ranks, de-ascended him but not completely. The shimmering energy that hides his true face keeps his form intact. He also informs them about his deal with Anubis because he wants SG-1 to find the lost city of the Ancients before Anubis can.

O'Neill surrenders the Eye to Herak and the Jaffa leave. On the ship, Herak gives Anubis the Eye, and Anubis powers up a large weapon. It fires on Yu's ships and destroys many of them. The few left retreat, unable to penetrate Anubis' shields, with Lord Yu, also still alive. Anubis plans to destroy Abydos but Daniel appears and demands that Anubis stop. Anubis refuses, and goads Daniel into attacking him. Daniel attempts to use his ascended powers to destroy him. However, his attack is cut short, and he is spirited away by Oma Desala. Anubis, rid of his last obstacle, fires the superweapon at the pyramid on Abydos, where Jack is, and Jack slips through the event horizon of the Abydos Stargate and back to the SGC just in time. The planet Abydos is then destroyed.

Back at SGC, SGC personnel attempt to dial back to Abydos, but they are unable to connect, and fear that Abydos has been obliterated by Anubis's superweapon. SG-1 continue to brief General Hammond about the situation and everything that transpired on Abydos. Carter and Walter continue dialing Abydos, as Carter refuses to believe that the planet is gone. Suddenly, after dozens of attempts, the Stargate establishes a wormhole to Abydos. Hammond allows SG-1 to return to Abydos to find out what has happened. SG-1 goes through the gate and discovers Ska'ara and his people. Astonished and yet relieved, SG-1 ask Ska'ara what happened. Ska'ara tells them that Oma helped all the Abydonian people around the planet ascend and that the people and the Stargate are only an illusion. Ska'ara sadly informs them that he has not heard anything about Daniel's fate. Suddenly, all the people disappear. Relieved that the Abydonians had not perished during Anubis's attack, SG-1 then returns to Earth.

Production
"Full Circle" was written with the intention of being the last Stargate SG-1 television episode, since the producers were already planning to release a Stargate film. When creating the Jaffa underlings for Anubis, the producers wanted to have something different. So, according to Joseph Mallozzi, they created "Ninja"-like Jaffa.

"Full Circle" was originally intended to be the last episode of Stargate SG-1. It is also the last episode to feature Corin Nemec (who portrayed Jonas Quinn) as a main cast member. It is also the last episode where Alexis Cruz (who portrayed Skaara) appears. Nemec was open to continue playing Jonas Quinn after season 6 or in a feature film or a spin-off series, but a new contract was reached with Michael Shanks for Daniel to return in season 7. The role of Jonas was therefore reduced to recurring status in season 7. Nemec welcomed the producers' openness for story pitches and offered several story ideas. He wrote the mid-season-7 episode "Fallout" and considered pitching more stories afterwards, but he became busy with other projects. Jonas is seldom mentioned in the series after this point but after Season 10's "Counterstrike" stated that the Ori conquered Jonas's homeworld, Stargate producer Joseph Mallozzi said in his blog that "in [his] mind, Jonas went underground and is still alive somewhere, resisting the Ori army."

Broadcast and reception
"Full Circle" and previous episode "Prophecy" were first broadcast as a double-bill on February 19, 2003 on Sky One in the United Kingdom. "Prophecy" was watched by 92 thousand households and was the third most watched program on Sky One that week, whilst "Full Circle" achieved 1.01 million viewers and was the second most watched program on the channel that week, with The Simpsons in first position. The episode was then broadcast on the Sci-Fi Channel in the United States on March 21, 2003. The episode earned a 1.8 household rating, up 0.1 on the previous week.

TV Guide included the episode amongst their top picks of the day on March 21, 2003. Reviewing for TV Zone, Jan Vincent-Rudzki awarded the episode 7 out of 10, calling it an "unfulfilling" end to the season, believing the episode "just needing someone to muse on the future, rather than have SG-1 go to a Stargate as if it was just another day". Vincent-Rudzki believed that locating the Eye of Ra was an "episode-spanning idea condensed into too short a time".

title: Full Circle (Stargate SG-1)


text:
Scatterville, Arkansas

Scatterville is a former unincorporated community in Clay County, Arkansas, United States, approximately 2 mi (3 km) northwest of Rector. All that is left of the community today is a cemetery. The community occupied a strategic location along Crowley's Ridge and was often referred to in the reports of Union and Confederate forces vying for control of Northeast Arkansas during the American Civil War.

History
Scatterville was one of the first Clay County communities, defined by having five or six families settled in a five-mile (8 km) area. Scatterville received its name because: ". . . one man put a store at the foot of a hill, another put one at the peak, still another put one at the foot on the other side. The few stores and cabins were scattered about over the hills in a careless way."

The first families to locate in the Scatterville community were the McNiels, Allens, Copelands, Mobleys, Snowdens, Waddells, Nortens, Mitchells, Golbys, Whites, Bradshaws, Deans, Rayburns, Whitakers, and Simmons. They were mainly subsistence farmers; however, the Allen, Knight, Simmon, Bradshaw, McNiel, and Mobley families brought a few slaves with them when they emigrated from Kentucky and Tennessee. Cotton was grown during the antebellum period, but it was only used to make clothing for personal use. A gin in Scatterville eased this task somewhat by removing the seeds from the boll. After the war, cotton was raised as a cash crop. In 1855, the first horse-powered sawmill was brought to Scatterville, and a frame school building was erected in 1859. In that same year the town welcomed Major Rayburn's new steam-powered sawmill. Other industries in Scatterville included a tanyard for shoe making and a hand-powered sorghum mill.

Civil War
During the American Civil War, both Union and Confederate forces operated in the area.

On March 23, 1862, Union Col. John McNiel reported that "There are about 1,000 men at Gainesville and Scatterville, on Crowleys Ridge. They are badly armed and scattered, in order to subsist."

On March 24, 1863, Union Col. John McNiel reported that "From 400 to 700 of Jeffers and Clarks men are scattered along from Chalk Bluff to Scatterville and Gainesville."

On March 28, 1863, a detachment of the 1st Wisconison Cavalry Regiment passed through Scatterville in pursuit of a Confederate force under Col Preston, said to be in the area with 400 men.

On July 21, 1863, Confederate Colonel S. G. Kitchens of the 10th Missouri Cavalry reported that a Union force of 350 was camped three miles south of Scatterville.

On July 22, 1863, Confederate Colonel S. G. Kittchens again reported that the enemy (Union) had appeared in force in the neighborhood of Scatterville.

On January 6, 1864, Union Colonel J. B. Rogers, reported that "Williams Guerillas" were operating near Scatterville.

On May 21, 1864, Captain H. J. Huiskamp of the Sixth Missouri Cavalry, (Union) reported, "On our return, and while in camp near Scatterville, Ark., Captain Johns was shot by guerrillas, a ball passing through and shattering his left arm. He was also wounded in the hip." .

On March 5, 1864, Union Captain T. W. Leeper reported that Confederate Col S. G. Kitchens was at Scatterville and "has returned from General Price and ordered all these scattered bands to report to him, and that they have gone."

In June 1864, Union Brigadier General Ewing reported that Confederate Col Kitchens was at Scatterville with 300 men and that he was still recruiting.

Union Col. John T. Burris reported a skirmish at Scatterville on July 7, 1864, with Bolin's Band and Kitchen's men. Burris reported the casualties as 4 Confederate dead and 1 Union wounded.

Union Col John T Burris, of the 10th Kansas Volunteer Cavalry reported that a skirmish occurred at Scatterville which resulted in the burning of houses in Scatterville. Burris had under his command a battalion of the Second Cavalry, Missouri Militia, a detachment of the 1st Missouri Volunteer Cavalry and a detachment of the First Cavalry Missouri Volunteers. Burris indicates that his command reached Scatterville on July 28, 1864, and "There we routed a rebel recruiting party, under Colonel Clark, and had a skirmish with Bolins guerrillas. We killed 1 rebel lieutenant, took Captain Lineback prisoner, captured some arms and horses, and burned the houses, under cover of which the guerrillas had fired on my command. No casualties on our side, except the wounding of E. T. Jenkins, chief scout"

Scatterville Cemetery
As there are no known structures surviving from that period in the Scatterville vicinity, the Scatterville Cemetery is locally significant as the best surviving link to this important early Clay County settlement which faded from view in the post-railroad era. The Scatterville Cemetery comprises roughly two acres and is set in an impressive stand of largely oak and hickory trees. The cemetery is surrounded on three sides by a barbed-wire fence of indeterminate age, and is further designated by a large cast-iron marker erected at the entrance by the Arkansas History Commission in 1973.

Most of the markers are small, narrow marble slabs, many of which have fallen and/or possibly moved. The inscriptions on many gravestones have been obscured by age and the elements while others were never inscribed. There are a few styled markers, including two four-sided family monuments with obelisks belonging to the Allen and McNiel families. Both were damaged by vandals; the Allen monument has been repaired, while the McNiel obelisk is lying in two parts beside its base. Nearby, the largest gravestone in the cemetery, the square-based, shaft and capital monument to Nancy McNiel, is in worse condition with its shaft lying on the ground and its capital broken into several pieces. There is also a multiple gravestone for three members of the Cook family. It is a tall rectangular monument with an upper-sloped face featuring a sculpted open Bible. Other interesting stones include H. W. Granade's 1870 horizontal cylindrical marker and Captain W. T. Morris's 1902 rectangular monument on base with an open Bible and a knotted stole draped down one side.

Although there is an unsubstantiated story regarding a grave in the southeast corner in which twenty Civil War soldiers are buried, there is no mention of slaves being buried here. It is known that some are buried at the nearby Mobley family cemetery.

The only non-historic component of the cemetery is a dedication marker of pink granite atop a concrete base that is inscribed: "The privilege of caring for this forest shrine was accepted by the Methodist Youth Fellowship of Rector in 1963. We bequeath its perpetual care to our successors."

title: Scatterville, Arkansas


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Milky Way (mythology)

There are many myths and legends about the origin of the Milky Way, the crowd of stars that makes a distinctive bright streak across the night sky.

Armenian
Ancient Armenian mythology called the Milky Way the "Straw Thief's Way". According to legend, the god Vahagn stole some straw from the Assyrian king Barsham and brought it to Armenia during a cold winter. When he fled across the heavens, he spilled some of the straw along the way. Similarly, in Assyrian Aramaic (Syriac), the Milky Way is called the ܫܒܝܠ ܬܒܢܐ shvil tivna, meaning the way of straw, or ܐܘܪܚܐ ܕܓܢܒ̈ܐ urẖa d’gannave, meaning the path of thieves.

Australian Aboriginal
Aboriginal Australian people had a well-developed astronomy, with much of their mythology and cultural practices relating to the stars, planets and their motion through the sky, as well as using the stars to navigate the Australian continent.

The Kaurna people of the Adelaide Plains in South Australia see the band of the Milky Way as a river in the sky world. They called it Wodliparri (wodli = hut, house, parri = river) and believe that positioned along the river are a number of campfires. In addition, the dark patches mark the dwelling place of a dangerous creature known as a yura; the Kaurna call these patches Yurakauwe, which literally means "monster water".

A group of Yolngu people from the Ramingining area in central Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory have a Dreaming story known as "Milky Way Dreaming". In this story, which relates to the land, two spirit beings in the form of female quolls attacked their husband. The husband becomes a glider possum, gathers his warriors, and returns to kill them with spears. The spirits of the quolls transform into a type of freshwater fish, but they are caught in the creek nearby by the husband's tribesmen and eaten. Their bones are collected by their brother, Wäk, aka the crow man, and put into a hollow log coffin. The Badurru Ceremony is performed and the coffin carried into the sky by the crow and his kin. The bones are then dispersed and form the Milky Way.

Aboriginal groups from the Cape York region of Queensland see the band of light as termites that had been blown into the sky by the ancestral hero Burbuk Boon.

Further south, the band of stars that comprise the Milky Way are seen as thousands of flying foxes carrying away a dancer known as Purupriggie.

The Aranda or Arrernte people, who come from Central Australia, see the band of the Milky Way as a river or creek in the sky world. This stellar river separates the two great camps of the Aranda and Luritja people. The stars to the east of this river represent the camps of the Aranda and the stars to the west represent Luritja encampments and some stars closer to the band represent a mixture of both.

In the Kimberley region of Western Australia, the Aboriginal people called the Milky Way "Iowara" and see in it the presence of a giant emu elongated.

Cherokee
A Cherokee folktale tells of a dog who stole some cornmeal and was chased away. He ran away to the north, spilling the cornmeal along the way. The Milky Way is thus called ᎩᎵ ᎤᎵᏒᏍᏓᏅᏱ (Gili Ulisvsdanvyi) "Where the dog ran".

Eastern Asia
In Eastern Asian and Chinese mythology, the hazy band of stars of the Milky Way was referred to as the "River of Heaven" (, eunha, ngân hà, and ginga) or the "Silvery River". The Silvery River of Heaven is part of a romantic Chinese folk tale, The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl, of the romance between Zhinü, the weaver girl, symbolizing the star Vega, and Niulang, the cowherd, symbolizing the star Altair). Their love was not allowed, and they were banished to opposite sides of the heavenly river. Once a year, on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, a flock of crows and magpies would form a bridge over the heavenly river to reunite the lovers for a single day. That day is celebrated as Qi Xi, the Seventh Night (, chilseok, thất tịch, and tanabata).

Egyptian
In Egyptian mythology, the Milky Way was considered a pool of cow's milk. The Milky Way was deified as a fertility cow-goddess by the name of Bat (later on syncretized with the sky goddess Hathor).

The astronomer Or Graur has suggested that the Egyptians may have seen the Milky Way as a celestial depiction of the sky goddess Nut.

Finno-Ugric
Among the Finns, Estonians and related peoples, the Milky Way was and is called "The Pathway of the Birds" (Linnunrata, Linnutee). The Finns observed that migratory birds used the galaxy as a guideline to travel south, where they believed Lintukoto (bird home) was.

In Estonian folklore it is believed that the birds are led by a white bird with the head of a maiden who chases birds of prey away. The maiden, the goddess Lindu, was the Queen of the Birds and the daughter of Ukko, the King of the Sky. After refusing the suits of the Sun and Moon for being too predictable in their routes and the Pole Star for being fixed, she fell in love with the Light of North for its beauty. They became engaged, but the inconstant Light of North left her soon afterward. The tears of the broken-hearted Lindu fell on her wedding veil, which became the Milky Way when her father brought her to heaven so she could reign by his side and guide the migrating birds, who followed the trail of stars in her veil. Only later did scientists indeed confirm this observation; the migratory birds use the Milky Way as a guide to travel to warmer, southern lands during the winter.

The name in the Indo-European Baltic languages has the same meaning (Paukščių Takas, Putnu Ceļš).

Greek and Roman
The Greek name for the Milky Way (Γαλαξίας Galaxias) is derived from the Greek word for milk (γάλα, gala). One legend explains how the Milky Way was created by Heracles (Roman Hercules) when he was a baby. His father, Zeus, was fond of his son, who was born of the mortal woman Alcmene. He decided to let the infant Heracles suckle on his divine wife Hera's milk when she was asleep, an act which would endow the baby with godlike qualities. When Hera woke and realized that she was breastfeeding an unknown infant, she pushed him away and the spurting milk became the Milky Way.

Another version of the myth is that Heracles was abandoned in the woods by his mortal parents, Amphitryon and Alcmene. Heracles, son of Zeus and Alcmene, was naturally favored by his father, who sent Athena, Greek goddess of wisdom, to retrieve him. Athena, not being so motherly, decided to take him to Hera to suckle. Hera agreed to suckle Heracles. As Heracles drinks the milk, he bites down, and Hera pushes him away in pain. The milk that squirts out forms the Milky Way.

A story told by the Roman Hyginus in the Poeticon astronomicon (ultimately based on Greek myth) says that the milk came from the goddess Ops (Greek Rhea), the wife of Saturn (Greek Cronus). Saturn swallowed his children to ensure his position as head of the Pantheon and sky god, and so Ops conceived a plan to save her newborn son Jupiter (Greek Zeus): She wrapped a stone in infant's clothes and gave it to Saturn to swallow. Saturn asked her to nurse the child once more before he swallowed it, and the milk that spurted when she pressed her nipple against the rock eventually became the Milky Way.

Hungarian
In Hungarian mythology, Csaba, the mythical son of Attila the Hun and ancestor of the Hungarians, is supposed to ride down the Milky Way when the Székelys (ethnic Hungarians living in Transylvania) are threatened. Thus the Milky Way is called "The Road of the Warriors" (lit. "Road of Armies") Hadak Útja. The stars are sparks from their horseshoes.

Indian and Hindu
In the Hindu collection of stories called Bhagavata Purana, all the visible stars and planets moving through space are likened to a dolphin that swims through the water, and the heavens are called śiśumãra cakra, the dolphin disc. The Milky Way forms the abdomen of the dolphin and is called Akasaganga which means "The Ganges River of the Sky".

According to Hindu mythology, Vishnu lies meditating on Shesha with his consort Lakshmi, in the Kshira Sagara (Sea of Milk), which is a representation of Milky Way.

This "Sea of Milk" is also the (cosmic) ocean referenced in the Samudra Manthana episode of Vishnu Purana, a major text in Indian mythology. The Samudra Manthana explains the origin of the elixir of eternal life, amrita.

Irish
In Irish mythology, the main name of the Milky Way was Bealach na Bó Finne — Way of the White Cow. It was regarded as a heavenly reflection of the sacred River Boyne, which is described as "the Great Silver Yoke" and the "White Marrow of Fedlimid," names which could equally apply to the Milky Way. (Mór-Chuing Argait, Smir Find Fedlimthi).

Other names include:
 * Ceann Síne—"chief chain"
 * Síog na Spéire—"stripe of the sky"
 * Earball na Lárach Báine—the White Mare's Tail. The Láir Bhán (white mare) is believed to a relic of a sovereignty goddess, and processions featuring a white hobby horse formerly took place in County Kerry around Samhain (Hallowe'en).
 * Claí Mór na Réaltaí—"Great Ditch/Fence of the Stars"
 * Sgríob Chlann Uisnich—"Track of the children of Uisneach." This name derives from a legend: after the sons of Uisneach fell in battle, Deirdre threw herself into their grave. Angered, the king Conchobar mac Nessa exhumed the bodies and buried them separately, but a tree grew from each grave and the branches entwined. Again he had them dug up and buried on opposite sides of a lake; but then the great cluster of stars appeared across the sky, connecting the two graves.

Māori
To the Māori the Milky Way is the waka (canoe) of Tama-rereti. The front and back of the canoe are Orion and Scorpius, while the Southern Cross and the Pointers are the anchor and rope. According to legend, when Tama-rereti took his canoe out onto a lake, he found himself far from home as night was falling. There were no stars at this time and in the darkness the Taniwha would attack and eat people. So Tama-rereti sailed his canoe along the river that emptied into the heavens (to cause rain) and scattered shiny pebbles from the lakeshore into the sky. The sky god, Ranginui, was pleased by this action and placed the canoe into the sky as well as a reminder of how the stars were made.

Mesopotamian
In the Babylonian epic poem Enûma Eliš, the Milky Way is created from the severed tail of the primeval salt water dragoness Tiamat, set in the sky by Marduk, the Babylonian national god, after slaying her. This story was once thought to have been based on an older Sumerian version in which Tiamat is instead slain by Enlil of Nippur, but is now thought to be purely an invention of Babylonian propagandists with the intention to show Marduk as superior to the Sumerian deities. Another myth about Labbu is similarly interpreted.

San
The San people in southern Africa say that long ago there were no stars and the night was pitch black. A girl of the ancient race, !Xwe-/na-ssho-!ke, who was lonely and wanted to visit other people, threw the embers from a fire into the sky and created the Milky Way.

Welsh
Welsh mythology and cosmology derives from the ancient oral traditions of the Celtic Britons, which were maintained by druids and bards until the time of their recording in medieval Welsh literature. Many features of the night sky are named for the "children of Dôn" the ancient mother goddess and sky goddess, with the Milky Way being associated with Gwydion ab Dôn (the son of Dôn), and named Caer Gwydion ("The fortress/city of Gwydion") or Llwybr Caer Gwydion ("the path to the Castle of Gwydion").

title: Milky Way (mythology)


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Talk:Milky Way (mythology)

Split and merge
This page has been split from Milky Way Galaxy. I also suggest we merge Silvery River into it. --zandperl 15:44, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

Agree with Milky Way pages being linked... but everything is not equal to everything. Why merge Silvery River into Milky Way? Both are poetic... but not equivalent merely because they describe the same thing. Brodo 07:08, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

Names
I don't mind you splitting mythology off from the main article and expanding on it here, though I do think the galaxy article needs to keep at least one summary paragraph on the topic. What I do really mind is the name. I cannot believe that most people thinking about the "Milky Way" are looking for a page on it's mythology. I would suggest that this be moved to "Milky Way (mythology)" and that "Milky Way Galaxy" be here instead. Dragons flight 16:03, August 27, 2005 (UTC)

I argee that it should be at "Milky Way (mythology)" --Ctachme 18:13, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I went ahead and made these moves and updated the relevant links. Dragons flight 19:00, August 27, 2005 (UTC)

 * Milky Way should be a dab page, with
 * Mythology
 * night sky appearance
 * galaxy
 * being separate articles. 132.205.45.148 18:40, 10 November 2005 (UTC)

Questions after merge
I merged "Silvery River" here, but had some questions that I hope someone can answer: Tocharianne 05:47, 30 December 2006 (UTC)
 * 1) someone had inserted comments in the text claiming that the story of Rhea was from Hyginus so I put it in a "Roman mythology" section. If this isn't right please fix it.
 * 2) what are the Chinese/Korean/Japanese names for Silver River and Seventh night? If someone knows the characters and pronunciations please add them.
 * 3) the single line about Amerindian mythology needs some expanding. Hopefully someone knowledgable can fill that in.

List of names for the Milky Way
I created a new page List of names for the Milky Way to list the names in various languages. This article (Milky Way (mythology)) can be reserved for actual stories about how the Milky Way was created and got its name. Tocharianne 17:47, 6 January 2007 (UTC)

I added the aborigen name Iowara" -- luxorion — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2001:7E8:C982:8E00:7827:1DF0:D68B:1E26 (talk) 15:37, 9 November 2019 (UTC)

Redirect?
Why does Great Sky River redirect here? Please explain in article or remove redirect.

External links modified
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Merge proposal
I propose merging River of Heaven into Milky Way (mythology). I think the content in River of Heaven can easily be explained in the context of Milky Way (mythology), and a merge would not cause any article-size or weighting problems in Milky Way (mythology). Pepper Beast    (talk)  23:29, 22 July 2023 (UTC)
 * As there were no objections, I've completed the merge.  Pepper Beast    (talk)  00:12, 18 August 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Milky Way (mythology)


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Padraic Stevens

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. R e  dwolf24  (talk) 04:17, 5 September 2005 (UTC)

Padraic Stevens
Delete I'm from this part of the world. It's nonsense. --PhilipO 01:50, August 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Hoax. Padraig Stevens is actually a member of the Saw Doctors, per Google.  Edit: redirect per Rob Church. Quicksandish 02:26, August 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Padraig Stevens as a mis-spelling of that person's name. Rob Church Talk 02:41, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Either a hoax or a misspelling, and in the latter case it is wrong. Groeck 04:15, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as anagram of Passive nerd act.   Paul Klenk 10:34, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: I failed to find the relevant facts. Is anyone has any clue? --Bhadani 12:31, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Padraig Stevens as mispelling. Alf 13:09, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I apologise for my bluntness, but, come on! This is not even a convincing hoax. Yes, there is such a person as Padraig Stevens. But this guy is not him. Padraig Stevens is a Saw Doctor. How could a member of the Saw Doctors, a hugely popular band in Ireland (and fairly popular in the ex-patriate community over here) still be playing after apparently committing so many murders? How could this (hoaxed) person who hates the Saw doctors actually be a part of them? I very frequently read the Irish newspapers, and, believe me, if there were a serial killer slaughtering fans of the Saw Doctors, it would be huge news. In any circumstance, a serial killer would be on the front pages for more than a week, specifically if it were such an interesting case such as 'this one.' There would also be huge documentation online of it. Take it from me, there have not been many mass murderers in Ireland; if this guy were amongst them, he would be incredibly notable. But there is no such killer. I don't see why you should redirect this to Padraig Stevens. Sure, there should be a Padraig Stevens page, perhaps, but one about the Saw Doctors member. Making one out of this hoax is utter stupidity. IINAG 18:09, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete hoax. --tranquileye 00:43:30, 2005-08-28 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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User:Shirley Ku

Librarian, Geek, Gamer, Wannabe Martial Artist, Newbie Wikipedian.

I have studied Medieval European History (English and Scottish History), Anthropology (focusing on biological and nutritional anthropology, thesis topic, Chinese-Americans, Diet, and Acculturation), and Library Science (with an emphasis in Young Adult Librarianship). These seems like some pretty different topics but it all boils down to people and how they think and act.

=work in progress=

title: User:Shirley Ku


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Dynkin system

A Dynkin system, named after Eugene Dynkin, is a collection of subsets of another universal set $$\Omega$$ satisfying a set of axioms weaker than those of $\sigma$-algebra. Dynkin systems are sometimes referred to as 𝜆-systems (Dynkin himself used this term) or d-system. These set families have applications in measure theory and probability.

A major application of 𝜆-systems is the $\pi$-𝜆 theorem, see below.

Definition
Let $$\Omega$$ be a nonempty set, and let $$D$$ be a collection of subsets of $$\Omega$$ (that is, $$D$$ is a subset of the power set of $$\Omega$$). Then $$D$$ is a Dynkin system if
 * 1) $$\Omega \in D;$$
 * 2) $$D$$ is closed under complements of subsets in supersets: if $$A, B \in D$$ and $$A \subseteq B,$$ then $$B \setminus A \in D;$$
 * 3) $$D$$ is closed under countable increasing unions: if $$A_1 \subseteq A_2 \subseteq A_3 \subseteq \cdots$$ is an increasing sequence of sets in $$D$$ then $$\bigcup_{n=1}^\infty A_n \in D.$$

It is easy to check that any Dynkin system $$D$$ satisfies: $$\varnothing \in D;$$ $$D$$ is closed under complements in $$\Omega$$: if $A \in D,$ then $$\Omega \setminus A \in D;$$ $$D$$ is closed under countable unions of pairwise disjoint sets: if $$A_1, A_2, A_3, \ldots$$ is a sequence of pairwise disjoint sets in $$D$$ (meaning that $$A_i \cap A_j = \varnothing$$ for all $$i \neq j$$) then $$\bigcup_{n=1}^\infty A_n \in D.$$
 * Taking $$A := \Omega$$ shows that $$\varnothing \in D.$$
 * To be clear, this property also holds for finite sequences $$A_1, \ldots, A_n$$ of pairwise disjoint sets (by letting $$A_i := \varnothing$$ for all $$i > n$$).

Conversely, it is easy to check that a family of sets that satisfy conditions 4-6 is a Dynkin class. For this reason, a small group of authors have adopted conditions 4-6 to define a Dynkin system.

An important fact is that any Dynkin system that is also a π-system (that is, closed under finite intersections) is a 𝜎-algebra. This can be verified by noting that conditions 2 and 3 together with closure under finite intersections imply closure under finite unions, which in turn implies closure under countable unions.

Given any collection $$\mathcal{J}$$ of subsets of $$\Omega,$$ there exists a unique Dynkin system denoted $$D\{\mathcal{J}\}$$ which is minimal with respect to containing $$\mathcal J.$$ That is, if $$\tilde D$$ is any Dynkin system containing $$\mathcal{J},$$ then $$D\{\mathcal{J}\} \subseteq \tilde{D}.$$ $$D\{\mathcal{J}\}$$ is called the For instance, $$D\{\varnothing\} = \{\varnothing, \Omega\}.$$ For another example, let $$\Omega = \{1,2,3,4\}$$ and $$\mathcal{J} = \{1\}$$; then $$D\{\mathcal{J}\} = \{\varnothing, \{1\}, \{2,3,4\}, \Omega\}.$$

Sierpiński–Dynkin's π-λ theorem
Sierpiński-Dynkin's π-𝜆 theorem: If $$P$$ is a π-system and $$D$$ is a Dynkin system with $$P\subseteq D,$$ then $$\sigma\{P\}\subseteq D.$$

In other words, the 𝜎-algebra generated by $$P$$ is contained in $$D.$$ Thus a Dynkin system contains a π-system if and only if it contains the 𝜎-algebra generated by that π-system.

One application of Sierpiński-Dynkin's π-𝜆 theorem is the uniqueness of a measure that evaluates the length of an interval (known as the Lebesgue measure):

Let $$(\Omega, \mathcal{B}, \ell)$$ be the unit interval [0,1] with the Lebesgue measure on Borel sets. Let $$m$$ be another measure on $$\Omega$$ satisfying $$m[(a, b)] = b - a,$$ and let $$D$$ be the family of sets $$S$$ such that $$m[S] = \ell[S].$$ Let $$I := \{ (a, b), [a, b), (a, b], [a, b] : 0 < a \leq b < 1 \},$$ and observe that $$I$$ is closed under finite intersections, that $$I \subseteq D,$$ and that $$\mathcal{B}$$ is the 𝜎-algebra generated by $$I.$$  It may be shown that $$D$$ satisfies the above conditions for a Dynkin-system. From Sierpiński-Dynkin's π-𝜆 Theorem it follows that $$D$$ in fact includes all of $$\mathcal{B}$$, which is equivalent to showing that the Lebesgue measure is unique on $$\mathcal{B}$$.

title: Dynkin system


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NGC 1300

NGC 1300 is a barred spiral galaxy located about 65 million light-years away in the constellation Eridanus. The galaxy is about 110,000 light-years across. It is a member of the Eridanus Cluster, a cluster of 200 galaxies, in a subgroup of 2-4 galaxies in the cluster known as the NGC 1300 Group. It was discovered by John Herschel in 1835.

Nucleus
In the core of the larger spiral structure of NGC 1300, the nucleus shows a "grand-design" spiral structure that is about 3,300 light-years long. Only galaxies with large-scale bars appear to have these grand-design inner disks — a spiral within a spiral. Models suggest that the gas in a bar can be funneled inwards, and then spiral into the center through the grand-design disk, where it can potentially fuel a central supermassive black hole (SMBH). NGC 1300 is not known to have an active nucleus, indicating that its central black hole is not accreting matter. The SMBH has a mass of $73,000,000 solar mass$.

At least one supernova has been observed in NGC 1300: SN 2022acko (type IIP, mag. 15.8).

title: NGC 1300


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Anita C. Hill

Anita Carol Hill (born 1951) is an LGBT American minister in the Lutheran Church. She is one of the first ordained lesbian women in the church and became a pastor before the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) changed its policy on LGBT ministers.

Early life and education
Hill was born in 1951 and was raised in the Roman Catholic faith in Shreveport, Louisiana. As a young adult, she lived in Crystal Springs, Mississippi, and became involved in the United Methodist Church. Hill attended Mississippi State University where she earned a bachelor's degree in science. Hill went on to gain a master's degree in religious studies and a master of divinity degree from United Theological Seminary of the Twin Cities and studied at Luther Seminary in St. Paul, Minnesota.

Career
In the 1980s, Hill started out as a lay minister in the Saint Paul-Reformation Lutheran Church. By the 1990s, her congregation wanted her to be ordained despite rules against lesbian pastors in the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) at the time. The church's head pastor, Paul Tidemann, created the goal for his church that it would have a non-celibate, openly gay minister by 1993. Hill was an open lesbian in a committed relationship. She was ordained on April 28, 2001, within the Extraordinary Lutheran Ministries but was later censured for her ordainment as an LGBT person. On September 18, 2010, she was formally inducted into the ELCA Clergy Roster. She left working at the church in 2012 and went on to fight a state constitutional amendment in her state which banned gay marriage.

In 2012 Hill joined ReconcilingWorks as regional director for the St. Paul area and later became its deputy director.

Hill was the subject of the 2003 documentary This Obedience, by filmmakers Jamie Lee and Dawn Mikkelson; the film chronicled Hill's openly gay status and the controversy it ignited within the church.

Hill's papers are maintained for researchers by the Minnesota Historical Society at the Gale Family Library in St. Paul.

title: Anita C. Hill