text:
Talk:Morpholino

Jon
Good day, Wikipedians and Morpholino users;

This is a stub to invite discussion of the Morpholino article.

The Morpholino-RNA heteroduplex image was generated by me at Gene Tools LLC, may be freely copied, and is licensed by the owner under the terms of the Wikipedia copyright.

Regards,

- Jon Jon D. Moulton, Ph.D.     GENE TOOLS, LLC jmoulton (at) gene-tools.com www.gene-tools.com

30 Aug 05
Nice editing, Daycd, the flow of the article has improved. However, I removed your assertion that Morpholinos are in Phase III clinical trials. While the AVI website may give that impression, there are currently no ongoing phase III trials. Jon

 * Hi Jon, I'm glad you approve. I got the phase three from the web site but obviously you should know better. David D. (Talk) 22:00, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

23 Jan 06
I removed a long parenthetical description defining "oligo" from the first sentence of the article. As the work "oligo" is already linked, the definition within this page was not needed. Jon

20 July 06
I removed the tag from external links since all of the promises made in the text associated with that link are false: Morpholinos are not available from the listed suppliers, the MSDSs are not available from that page, there is no spectroscopic data available there, etc. As Morpholinos are custom-synthesized compounds the spectroscopic data are only available from the manufacturer (Gene Tools or AVI Biopharma) and vary with the sequence of the oligo. —Preceding unsigned comment added by JonMoulton (talk • contribs) (and added nowiki by Dirk Beetstra T C 15:56, 20 July 2006 (UTC))
 * I saw the edit, I think it is right to delete the ChemicalSources template here, though now the only link there is one to a company that you are working for. I would call that a commercial link.  Could you please think that over?  Maybe the complete external links section should go, or you should put your link into the Chemical sources page (and reinstate the chemicalsources template) to avoid any commercial bias on the page.  --Dirk Beetstra T  C 15:56, 20 July 2006 (UTC)

Fair enough, I'll remove the external links section. As Gene Tools is the only commercial source of Morpholinos it seemed convenient to provide the link, but a search engine can find the company quickly enough. JonMoulton 19:06, 21 July 2006 (UTC)

19 Sept 06
A lead sentance had been added saying "In biochemistry, a morpholino is a kind of molecule used for genetic engineering. " Because Morpholinos do not modify DNA, I do not think it is appropriate to say they are used for genetic engineering, which is a field generally involving artificial genetic recombination. Further, as Morpholinos have their direct effect at the gene expression level instead of the metabolic level, they are more closely related to molecular biology than to biochemistry. I have changed the first sentance to: "In molecular biology, a Morpholino is a kind of molecule used to modify gene expression. "  Overall, I think that the addition of an introductory sentance is an improvement in the article and that the general form of the sentance was very good. These changes fine-tune the focus to the actual uses of Morpholino oligos. JonMoulton 15:28, 19 September 2006 (UTC)

19 Oct 06
A statement that "Claim for absence of non-specific effects has been contested" has been added to the top of the Morpholino page. As far as I can tell the page does not claim that Morpholinos have no non-specific effects. Certainly the sequence-specificity of Morpholinos is not perfect, and targets with several mismatched bases can be knocked down. However, the sequence specificity is better than available from other antisense types, such as phosphorothioate oligo or siRNA, due to the longer complementarity required for Morpholino activity. I would be happy to discuss this further. NPOV has also been challenged; I would welcome the input of experienced Morpholino users in editing this page. I have tried to maintain NPOV but I think it would be better to have strong editorial input from independent Morpholino users. JonMoulton 16:47, 19 October 2006 (UTC)

 * The user who attached the NPOV tag is not registered, but I have requested clarification on the IP address' talk page. Shultzc 09:49, 26 October 2006 (UTC)

I noticed one phrase which could be interpreted as a strong claim of perfect specificity. This is the claim that Morpholinos do not have "off target effects". A narrower claim is that they do not have non-antisense effects (such as the physiological effects caused by interaction of the phosphorothioate backbone with proteins). I think it is reasonable to narrow that claim; as I point out above, Morpholiinos can interact with targets bearing a few mismatches, which would fall under "off-target effects". Therefore, I am changing that phrase to "non-antisense effects".JonMoulton 16:52, 19 October 2006 (UTC)

As the original user who flagged this as biased, I have now included a referenced paragraph outlining these issues so that concerned readers can access primary research papers backing the basis for the original claim. As a member of the morpholino-user community, I hope that this will encourage discussion about these very important issues that effect the research life of many scientists around the world.

19 Feb 07
I accidentally edited the main page without signing in as JonMoulton: 00:45, 20 February 2007 65.249.23.4 (Talk) (Move Talk Board link to top level)

The last reference pointed to the siRNA vs. Morpholino discussion on the Morpholino talk board. I did not see how this was germane to the comment on intellectual property claims, where the outside talk board was referenced within the Wikipedia article text. I modified the link to point at the top level of the Morpholino talk board, so that a user can scan through the upper-level catagories and find a path into the discussion most useful for their needs. JonMoulton 00:50, 20 February 2007 (UTC)

12 April 07
I removed this text from the section on specificity: or the comparison with alternative antisense (for example GripNAs )

The new paper on p53 knockdowns by Steve Ekker showed that gripNA oligos caused the same "Morpholino phenotype" as the Morpholinos, and this phenotype (small head, shortened body axis, specific neurodegeneration) is caused by p53-mediated apoptosis. Therefore it appears that the phenotype comes not from the antisense backbone, but from the knockdown of the targeted gene, implying the apoptotic effect is independant of knockdown technology.

JonMoulton 17:00, 12 April 2007 (UTC)

29 May 07
The article was changed to claim that Morpholinos are in clinical trials as anticancer therapies: They have been used in mammals ranging from mice[11] to humans and some are currently being tested in clinical trials as anticancer therapies.[12]

They are not; current clinical trials include West Nile virus, Hepatitis C, Duchenne's muscular dystrophy and a coronary artery bypass graft anti-stenosis trial. Therefore I removed the claim regarding anticancer therapies.

JonMoulton 15:01, 29 May 2007 (UTC)

Good article nomination on hold
This article's Good Article promotion has been put on hold. During review, some issues were discovered that can be resolved without a major re-write. This is how the article, as of, , compares against the  six good article criteria:

 * 1. Well written?: On the whole, not too bad, but my main critisism of this article would be the excessive use of jargon. For example, the article talks about "U" this and "U" that without ever explaining what "U" is. There are many other scientific items that appear in the same way, that could be linked to help with their explaination. This really needs to be fixed before morpholino can be considered a GA.

 * 2. Factually accurate?: Seems pretty accurate

 * 3. Broad in coverage?: Could benefit from some additional sentences or sections to give the overall picture (i.e. why knockdown genes, how does it relate to the processes of translation) or to explain delivery methods and method of action a little better (a simple diagram would help here). And the Specificity, stability and non-antisense effects section - is this the same as saying the pros and cons??

 * 4. Neutral point of view?: seems neutral

 * 5. Article stability? no edit wars are occuring

 * 6. Images?: as mentioned above, would benefit from a diagram to two to help visualize the activity of morpholinos. Current image meets copyright criteria

Please address these matters soon and then leave a note here showing how they have been resolved. After 48 hours the article should be reviewed again. If these issues are not addressed within 7 days, the article may be failed without further notice. Thank you for your work so far Ciar 18:22, 31 May 2007 (UTC)

Response to Good Article hold
My apologies for the delay -- I have been out of town for a meeting of the RNA society.

1. I have added links to clarify jargon. I can add more links as needed; I am concerned about adding so many links that I obfuscate the useful background links. However, I agree that some terms, such as the U1 and U2 (etc.) snRNPs, were needed for clarity. My familiarity with Morpholinos often blinds me to those gaps in the link structure; your input has been helpful.

3. I have several diagrams that might be useful, one illustrating translation blocking and another illustrating splice blocking. I will add those tomorrow. Specificity, stability and non-antisense effects could be considered as pros and cons, though really each section is a continuum from pro to con. Lousy specificity makes for bad oligos, good specificity makes an oligo more experimentally useful, and similarly for stability (more stable is better) and non-antisense effects (less non-antisense effects is better). I will consider how to compose a section on the overall picture. I can add a section on delivery techniques in the next day or two.

JonMoulton 23:55, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

I have added images cartooning normal gene expression, Morpholino translation blocking and Morpholino splice blocking. I have written a brief description of the steps of normal gene expression to support the interpretation of the images. I have added more links to pages explaining the jargon.

JonMoulton 15:37, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

I have added a section addressing delivery of Morpholinos into cells. I am still in the process of adding the references.

JonMoulton 22:42, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

I have linked and referenced the Delivery section and added more links throughout the article to address the problem of unexplained jargon.

JonMoulton 17:40, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

 * This is much better Jon. You're going a great job! A couple of paragraphs look a little awkward (or hard for me ;-)) - the section on structure, and the last paragraph in Specificity, stability and non-antisense effects.  Ciar 18:05, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

The Structure section is tough. I've written many variants of that description and they are never easy going. I removed a reference to chimeric oligos (in order to link a description, I would have to add a new page for chimeric oligos) and I added a suggestion to look at the first figure. I would be delighted by recommendations. The difference in structure between Morpholinos and nucleic acids should be defined (simply writing "see figure for structure" seems a cop-out) but precisely describing the difference in prose involves some difficult language.

Regarding the Specificity, stability and non-antisense effects section:
 * The first paragraph (on specificity) is suffering from a lack of direct published data so I have had to construct the somewhat lengthy argument. A paper has been submitted using human splice arrays to test the specificity of a splice-blocking Morpholino (I saw the data at a meeting late last week).  When the paper is published I can simplify that section.

 * The second paragraph, describing stability, innate immune responses and DNA-level effects, is admittedly fairly information dense. Unfortunately, the statements on innate immune responses are based on unpublished data, so I cannot reference the literature.  If someone versed in the field were referring to this article, that paragraph would provide important information so I am loathe to cut it out, though that might improve the overall clarity for the lay reader.

 * The third paragraph grew out of comments posted by another editor whom I am unfamiliar with (edited from an IP rather than a Wikkipedia account). I have been hesitant to cut away the important and legitimate point of view presented there (that is, his argument for "off target" effects of Morpholinos).  The discovery that these effects are mostly due to p53 activity is very new and I added a description of the discovery and a reference.  However, I am hesitant to completely rearrange this section because I want to maintain NPOV and accept input from other editors.  This is a case where I have felt constrained from rearranging this section further in order to give the other editor a voice.

Regardless of the outcome of the "good article" application, I am pleased by the improvement to this article as a consequence of going though this review process. Thanks to all who have been contributing!

JonMoulton 21:57, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

I tackled the specificity section, splitting off the description of the mRNA rescue experiment and expanding it; I'm afraid the concise description only made sense if the reader already knew how the experiment is supposed to work.

JonMoulton 14:03, 7 June 2007 (UTC)

I overcame my reticence and tackled the section on off-target effects. I hope it has become clearer without obscuring the point of view of the editor who originally contributed that section.

JonMoulton 14:21, 7 June 2007 (UTC)

Introduction
The following recent addition seems to have a few flaws:
 * Knocking down gene expression is a powerful method for learning about the function of a particular protein; similarly, causing a specific exon to be spliced out of a protein can help to determine the function of the protein domain encoded by that exon.

While it is possible that an exon MAY contain a domain this is not always the case. I think this might be a bit misleading. David D. (Talk) 18:16, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

Good point. I have changed "domain" to "moiety".

JonMoulton 21:30, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

Successful good article nomination
I am glad to say that this article which was nominated for good article status has succeeded. This is how the article, as of June 8, 2007, compares against the six good article criteria:

 * 1. Well written?: The quality of writing is pretty good, and has improved a lot since initial review. This can still be made better though, so keep up the good work!
 * 2. Factually accurate?: To my knowledge, the information seems highly accurate.
 * 3. Broad in coverage?: Aspects of morpholino's are covered from structure, to function, to delivery - what else could there be?
 * 4. Neutral point of view?: This is a neutral article
 * 5. Article stability? No edit wars are occurring - it's very stable.
 * 6. Images?: Now several images are in place, instead of just one, that helps explain the activity of these little molecules. Much better!

If you feel that this review is in error, feel free to take it to a GA review. Thank you to all of the editors who worked hard to bring it to this status. Ciar 05:36, 8 June 2007 (UTC)

Argument to revert to capitalized "Morpholino"
Morpholino is used as a trade name to describe morpholino phosphorodiamidate oligomers. Therefore it is appropriate to capitalize Morpholino, as you would capitalize Kleenex or Aspirin (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade_name). The word "morpholino" is also used to describe chemical structures having morpholine rings as substituants; therefore the use of the uncapitalized "morpholino" to describe the morpholino phosphorodiamidate oligomers can be confusing. As the capitalization is appropriate for a trade name and the uncapitalized usage can be confusing, I strongly urge reversion to the capitalized usage.

JonMoulton (talk) 16:00, 23 May 2008 (UTC)

removal of dead link "Phosphorothioate"
The word "phosphorothioate" had been make into a link, but no phosphorothioate page exists at this time. I have removed the link.

JonMoulton (talk) 18:23, 30 November 2009 (UTC)

GA Reassessment

 * This discussion is transcluded from Talk:Morpholino/GA1. The edit link for this section can be used to add comments to the reassessment.

GA Sweeps: On hold
As part of the WikiProject Good Articles, we're doing Sweeps to determine if the article should remain a Good article. I believe the article currently meets the majority of the criteria and should remain listed as a GA. However, in reviewing the article, I have found there are several issues that need to be addressed.

I went through the article and made some changes, please look them over. I will leave the article on hold for seven days, but if progress is being made and an extension is needed, one may be given. If no progress is made, the article may be delisted, which can then later be renominated at WP:GAN. I'll contact all of the main contributors and related WikiProjects so the workload can be shared. If you have any questions, let me know on my talk page and I'll get back to you as soon as I can. --Happy editing! Nehrams2020 (talk • contrib) 03:54, 7 February 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) The "Normal gene expression in eukaryotes", "Specificity, stability and non-antisense effects", and "Intellectual property" sections could use additional sourcing.
 * "Normal gene expression in eukaryotes" looks like just a summary of the relevant details of material covered in depth with cites elsewhere. I added a for it. Does it still need a ref here? Could copy over some of the genetics textbooks from Introduction to genetics, but not sure how much/what is appropriate for this type of summary-article-like section. DMacks (talk) 22:48, 14 February 2010 (UTC)
 * That should be fine. If you want to improve it further, pulling over a few sources from the other article would be better as it would probably keep the reader here instead of branching off to another article. --Happy editing! Nehrams2020 (talk • contrib) 00:11, 15 February 2010 (UTC)
 * The "Normal gene expression in eukaryotes" section was really intended as a caption for the first gene expression figure; the caption and the figure are there as comparisons with the figures showing changes induced by translaton-blocking or splice-blocking Morpholinos. I think it is entirely appropriate to rely on the other article if a reader wants sources.  This section is just setting the stage for the descriptions of Morpholino activity. JonMoulton (talk) 20:30, 18 February 2010 (UTC)
 * "Specificity, stability and non-antisense effects" first paragraph does need cite help. I suspect refs 1 and 2 would be good here. Much of this section seems to be similar to gene knockdown, so refs/material from there could be synced. DMacks (talk) 22:48, 14 February 2010 (UTC)
 * If the cites cover the material, feel free to include them here. --Happy editing! Nehrams2020 (talk • contrib) 00:11, 15 February 2010 (UTC)
 * I've added a few recent citations to this section. JonMoulton (talk) 21:05, 18 February 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) Although it is not required by GA criteria (so it will not be a requirement for the review), it would be beneficial to add alt text to the images. See WP:ALT for assistance.
 * 2) In the "Intellectual property" section, it only consists of a single sentence. This should either be expanded on or incorporated into another paragraph elsewhere.
 * The patents on the Morpholino structural type expire Feb. 2010. I have removed the intellectual property section. --JonMoulton (talk) 16:39, 18 February 2010 (UTC)

GA Sweeps: Kept
Good work addressing the issues. I went through and made some minor changes, please review my edits. I believe the article currently meets the criteria and should remain listed as a Good Article. Continue to improve the article making sure all new information is properly sourced and neutral. If you have any questions, let me know on my talk page and I'll get back to you as soon as I can. I have updated the article history to reflect this review. --Happy editing! Nehrams2020 (talk • contrib) 03:05, 22 February 2010 (UTC)

Reverted revision
On 21 August 2012, user NickCT reworded the opening paragraph. In doing so he identified Morpholino oligos as a form of small interfering RNA (siRNA). Morpholinos are not RNA and, unlike small interfering RNA, they do not operate within the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). Because their mechanism of action, structure, and targeting procedures are all different from siRNA, I reverted the lead paragraph to its original form. Nick, feel free to edit again to bring the tradename link forward etc.

JonMoulton (talk) 20:31, 29 August 2012 (UTC)

Some reverted revisions
On 29 January 2014, user Inferior Olive changed the case of "Morpholino" to "morpholino" at the start of paragraph 2. This usage is inconsistant with the rest of the article and contradicts the message of the rest of paragraph 2, so I changed the case back to its original "Morpholino". The case was similarly changed in one instance in paragraph 1, though it was left in the upper-case form in other instances in paragraph 1; likewise, I changed that back to the original usage "Morpholino". In paragraph 1, the term "nucleic acids" was added to "antisense" to describe Morpholino oligos. Since Morpholinos are not nucleic acids (they do not occur naturally in the nucleus and they are not acidic), I removed that term; to address Inferior Olive's concern about using "antisense" as a noun, I altered the text to "a class of antisense". In paragraph 1, the link nucleic acid was changed to nucleic acids; the Wikipedia page both links refer to is named "nucleic acid" and so I changed the link back to the direct form "nucleic acid"instead of the redirected "nucleic acids" JonMoulton (talk) 17:04, 3 February 2014 (UTC)

reverted revision 14 Feb 2014
The first sentence of the article had been: In molecular biology, Morpholino describes a molecule ...

User jmh649 altered the lead sentence to read:

Morpholino describes a molecule ...

The clause "In molecular biology," serves a specific purpose in the lead sentence. The word "Morpholino" is used in organic chemistry to describe a specific chemical moiety (a morpholine ring covalently attached to another structure). The usage of "Morpholino" to describe a structural family of antisense molecules is a usage specific to biologists, especially molecular and developmental biologists. By removing the clause "In molecular biology," the lead sentence implies that "Morpholino" refers exclusively to that class of antisense molecules, but this incorrectly excludes the widespread use of the term in organic chemistry. To avoid that implication, I am reverting the lead sentence to its previous form which restricts this definition to the field of molecular biology. JonMoulton (talk) 16:04, 14 February 2014 (UTC)
 * Sure, switched ordering though. Doc James  (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 16:06, 14 February 2014 (UTC)

Revisions in lead paragraph September/October 2015
A set of revisions by FeatherPluma on 21 Sept 2015 created the sentances: "The molecular structure has a phosphorodiamidate molecular backbone, which blocks access of other molecules to specific sequences within antisense nucleic acid sequences. Morpholinos block small (~25 base) regions of the base-pairing surfaces of ribonucleic acid (RNA)."

The structure has a backbone comprised of both the methylenemorpholine moeity and a phosphorodiamidate linkage. It is not the backbone which blocks access to RNA, it is the entire Morpholino with its bases; the bases are in closest contact with the pairing surface of RNA. Morpholinos generally do not block antisense nucleic acid; most commonly they target sense nucleic acid. I have modified the sentances thus: "The molecular structure has a backbone of methylenemorpholine rings and phosphorodiamidate linkages. Morpholinos block access of other molecules to small (~25 base) specific sequences of the base-pairing surfaces of ribonucleic acid (RNA)."

In revisions by FeatherPluma on 21 Sept 2015, the sentence "Most Morpholinos are used as research tools for reverse genetics by knocking down gene function" was changed to read "PMOs are used as research tools for reverse genetics by knocking down gene function. They are being studied for application in medicine."

Because most researchers do not use the PMO designation (primarily used by drug developers) but instead call the oligos "Morpholinos", I am altering the sentences to "Morpholinos are used as research tools for reverse genetics by knocking down gene function. They are being studied for application in medicine."

JonMoulton (talk) 20:14, 12 October 2015 (UTC)

Can we start a section listing the ones in clinical use or trials
One at least has reached late stage clinical trials : Eteplirsen. (drisapersen is similiar but not a Morpholino ?) ? - Rod57 (talk) 17:03, 23 April 2016 (UTC)

This is discussed on the eteplirsen page and the Sarepta Therapeutics page. Adding links would be OK. Yes, eteplirsen is a Morpholino but drisaperson is not, it is a 2'-O-Methyl phosphorothioate oligo. JonMoulton (talk) 22:59, 26 April 2016 (UTC) OK, I did a bit of shuffling and added a link to eteplirsen and another for the Phase III trial info on clinicaltrials.gov.JonMoulton (talk) 23:07, 26 April 2016 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 00:27, 30 April 2016 (UTC)

Request for someone to add drug approval
Another Morpholino drug has been approved by the US FDA, golodirsen. I have declared COI and should not add the link myself. https://investorrelations.sarepta.com/news-releases/news-release-details/sarepta-therapeutics-announces-fda-approval-vyondys-53tm https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-grants-accelerated-approval-first-targeted-treatment-rare-duchenne-muscular-dystrophy-mutation JonMoulton (talk) 21:04, 13 December 2019 (UTC)
 * ✅. — kashmīrī  TALK  02:27, 14 December 2019 (UTC)

Link to Antisense Therapy page would be useful.
It would be useful to add a link to the Antisense_therapy page in the first paragraph, which already contains the (unlinked) term "antisense therapies". This would provide context, showing where Morpholinos fit into the broader field of antisense therapeutics. I have been asked not to modify this page myself due to conflict of interest. JonMoulton (talk) 15:43, 11 March 2020 (UTC)

Revision was ungrammatical - please change back
A recent change to the Morpholino page ruined the meaning of a sentence and should be changed back. I have been asked not to make changes in the page due to a conflict of interest, so I must request that someone else helps out.

On 12 May 2020, Timegg113 modified the Morpholino page, changing a "to" to a "too" in the following sentence.

Original: Morpholinos block access of other molecules to small (~25 base) specific sequences of the base-pairing surfaces of ribonucleic acid (RNA). (note: this is two revisions back)

Modified: Morpholinos block access of other molecules too small (~25 base) specific sequences of the base-pairing surfaces of ribonucleic acid (RNA).

The Morpholinos are not, however, "too small" (overly tiny). Instead, the Morpholino is blocking access of a molecule "to" a specific sequence. The modification (to->too) broke the grammar of the sentence and should be changed back.

Thanks in advance,

JonMoulton (talk) 19:14, 12 May 2020 (UTC)
 * This is an unambigous grammatical error. In this case, and for all minor edits, you may make your requested changes. 's talk page! 19:27, 12 May 2020 (UTC)

Thank you - it is done. JonMoulton (talk) 14:56, 13 May 2020 (UTC)

1 Mar 2021
On the Morpholino page, in the first paragraph, the word "modify" was changed by TheBartgry on 02 Jan 2021 to "specifically suppress". However, suppression of gene expression is only one of the applications of Morpholinos, which can be used to upregulate gene expression (e.g. by blocking a miRNA target) or to target transcripts with frameshift mutations to restore the reading frame and cause gain-of-function (the basis for the four Morpholino drugs approved by the FDA). Therefore, the term "specifically suppress" is inappropriate to describe the range of applications of Morpholino antisense oligos. I reverted the text. JonMoulton (talk) — Preceding undated comment added 16:20, 1 March 2021 (UTC)
 * Thank you for correcting me. I was misinformed by one of my sources. --TheBartgry (talk) 16:32, 1 March 2021 (UTC)

23 Aug 22
The Journal of Visualized Experiments (JoVE) has published a Science Education video for Morpholinos. That would probably be a useful link for the Morpholino page. As I am categorized as a conflict-of-interest person, I should not add it myself.

Gene Silencing with Morpholinos. JoVE, Cambridge, MA, (2022). JoVE Science Education Database. https://www.jove.com/v/5326/gene-silencing-with-morpholinos
 * — Preceding unsigned comment added by JonMoulton (talk • contribs) 19:41, 23 August 2022 (UTC)

01 Apr 2024
I am no longer an employee of Gene Tools LLC, and so I no longer have a commercial conflict of interest with the topic of this page (Morpholino). JonMoulton (talk) 20:33, 1 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Morpholino


text:
Singapore Prestige Brand Award

The Singapore Prestige Brand Award is an annual award which recognizes outstanding efforts within the Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SME) sector.

History
In 2002, the Association of Small and Medium Enterprises (ASME) collaborated with Singapore's Chinese daily newspaper, Lianhe Zaobao, to create a new award, Singapore Promising Brand Award. A new Heritage Brand Award category was established for its 2005 edition.

In 2007, the award was rebranded as Singapore Prestige Brand Award.

Judging criteria
A point system is used to access entries over five broad criteria, broken down as follows:

 * Brand strategy / identity
 * Brand culture
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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Singapore Prestige Brand Award


text:
Category talk:Defunct companies of Australia

earlier unsigned comment
Isn't Ansett Australia now defunct?

 * "Flights operated by the Ansett Australia Group ceased from midnight on Monday 4 March, 2002. This site now provides information regarding the Ansett Australia Group administration."

http://www.ansett.com.au/


text:
Tejomayananda

Swami Tejomayananda Saraswati (born 30 June 1950), also known as Pujya Guruji and born Sudhakar Kaitwade, is an Indian spiritual leader. He was head of Chinmaya Mission from 1994 to 2017, until he was succeeded by Swami Swaroopananda in 2017.

Initiation and disciplehood
In 1970, Sudhakar Kaitwade was a physics student at Bhopal, when he was about to complete his master's degree in physics. After attending couple of talks of Swami Chinmayananda on Bhagavad Gita, Sudhakar Kaitwade was inspired to join Chinmaya Mission's residential Vedanta course at Sandeepany Sadhanalaya in Mumbai. Upon completing the course in 1975, he was initiated as Brahmachari Vivek Chaitanya and also studied under Swami Dayananda Saraswati (Arsha Vidya) who was conducting the long-term resident course.

On 21 October 1983, Swami Chinmayananda initiated him into sannyasa, bestowing upon him the name Swami Tejomayananda.

Missionary work
As the Head of Chinmaya Mission Worldwide, Swami Tejomayananda – known in the Mission as Pujya Guruji – has been involved in several projects, including the Chinmaya International Residential School in Coimbatore, the Chinmaya Centre of World Understanding in New Delhi, the Chinmaya International Foundation near Cochin, the Chinmaya Heritage Centre in Chennai, the expansion of the Chinmaya Mission Hospital in Bangalore and the Chinmaya Vibhooti Vision Centre near Pune.

He has travelled internationally extensively. Throughout his travels, he conducts jnana yajnas (3-7 day Vedanta lecture series) in different cities and various countries every week.

Roles
Swami Tejomayananda has served several roles in Chinmaya Mission, including
 * Acharya of the Sandeepany Sadhanalaya ashram in Mumbai, India (1983–1989)
 * Acharya of Chinmaya Mission's center at San Jose, California, USA (1989–1993)
 * Head of Chinmaya Mission Worldwide (1993–2017)

Awards

 * Swami Tejomayananda was awarded the Padma Bhushan, the third highest civilian award in the Republic of India, in 2016.

Works
Swami Tejomayananda has published more than 100 books on Vedanta. He is also a prolific composer and poet, amidst his fluency in four languages - English, Hindi, Marathi, and Sanskrit. His poetry describing Vedantic concepts are also renowned.

title: Tejomayananda


text:
Kevin Rapley

Kevin Rapley (born 21 September 1977) is an English footballer. After playing for several Football League and non-league clubs, Rapley is now playing for Witton Albion.

Career
The striker began his career with Brentford as an apprentice, going on to make 51 Football League appearances for them. He later played in the league for Southend United (loan), Notts County, Exeter City (loan), Scunthorpe United and Colchester United, before joining Football Conference side Chester City in July 2003. His first season at the club ended with Chester winning the title and promotion back to the League, where he played for one more season (but part of it was spent on loan at Forest Green Rovers). Unfortunately, he struggled to land a regular place in the Chester side throughout his time at the club and had a relatively poor scoring record, meaning it came as no surprise when he was released by the club in 2005.

Rapley's 2005–06 season started well but petered out through the season, which ended with Droylsden losing to Stafford Rangers in the Conference North play-off final on penalties. In February 2007, he signed for Leigh RMI, where he helped them avoid relegation from the Conference North at the end of 2006–07.

In October 2007, after 12 goals from 32 appearances at Leigh, Rapley moved to Barrow, who were also struggling in the Conference North. The fans at Barrow reacted positively to the move, believing Rapley's wealth of experience would lift them up the table and he enhanced his reputation by scoring in a 1–1 draw with Football League One side AFC Bournemouth in the FA Cup First Round in November 2007.

On 3 January 2008, Rapley joined Vauxhall Motors on loan to gain match practice. The following month he joined Witton Albion on a permanent basis.

Club

 * Brentford
 * Football League Division Three Winner (1): 1998–99

 * Chester City
 * Football Conference Winner (1): 2003–04

title: Kevin Rapley


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Siege of Nuremberg

The siege of Nuremberg was a campaign that took place in 1632 about the Imperial City of Nuremberg during the Thirty Years' War.

In July 1632, rather than face the numerically superior combined Imperial and Catholic League army under the command of Albrecht von Wallenstein and Bavarian Elector Maximilian I, Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden ordered a tactical retreat into the city of Nuremberg. Wallenstein's army immediately started to invest Nuremberg and laid siege to the city, waiting for hunger and epidemics to cripple the Swedish force.

It proved difficult for the besiegers to maintain the siege because the city was large and needed a large force to man the circumvallation. In Wallenstein's camp, there were 50,000 soldiers, 15,000 horses and 25,000 camp followers. Foraging to supply such a large static besieging force proved to be extremely difficult. Gustavus' army grew through reinforcements from 18,500 to 45,000 men with 175 field guns, the largest army he ever led in person.

With poor sanitation and inadequate supplies, both sides suffered from hunger, typhus and scurvy. To try to break the deadlock, 25,000 men under Gustavus attacked the Imperial entrenchments in the Battle of the Alte Veste on 3 September but failed to break through, having lost 2,500 men compared to 900 Imperials. Eventually, the siege ended after eleven weeks when the Swedes and their allies withdrew. Disease killed 10,000 Swedish and allied troops, with an additional 11,000 deserters. Gustavus was so weakened by the struggle that he sent peace proposals to Wallenstein, who dismissed them.

title: Siege of Nuremberg


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Daveyton

Daveyton is a township in the Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality of Gauteng in South Africa. It borders Etwatwa to the north-east, Springs to the south and Benoni to the south-west. The nearest town is Benoni, which is approximately 18 kilometres away. Daveyton was established in 1952, and named after William Albert Davey, the Mayor of Benoni from 1951 to 1953. Daveyton achieved municipal status in 1983.

Numerous civic and youth organizations operated in the township since 1980, such as the East Rand Peoples Organisation, the Daveyton Students Congress Peoples Party, the Sinaba Party, Daveyton Peoples Party and the Daveyton Youth Council. The East Rand Peoples Party and Daveyton Students Congress were affiliates of the United Democratic Front. Chris Hani led his last March from Daveyton to Modderbee Prison.

The University of South Africa operates a regional campus in Daveyton offering all courses within all Unisa departments. Additionally, PRASA (Metrorail) provides train services to the township. These educational and transportation facilities contribute to the development and growth of the community in Daveyton.

Culture and lifestyle
Daveyton is home to multiple musicians, radio DJs, actors and event brands. Including the likes of Lerato "Lira" Molapo, Lebo Mathosa, Victor Ndlazilwane (Jazz Ministers),Rhoo Hlatshwayo, Percy Mtwa, Jst Sako, Young Stunna and Gauteng Music Academy.

Soccer is the most popular sporting code in the township. Therefore, multiple tournaments are held during the festive season. Namely, the Ibhola Lethu tournament at Mabuya ground, organised by the community, and the Pollen Festive Games, organised by South African soccer legend Pollen Ndlanya. It is also the birthplace of some of the country's professional soccer players, like Jabu Pule, Sbusiso Mahlangu, Junior Khanye and Clement Mazibuko, Katlego Mashego, Musa Nyatama, Xolani Mdaki, Sbusiso Mxoyana and Sbusiso Masina .

Daveyton has a golf course that has been operating for more than 19 years, funded by the world-renowned golfer, Ernie Els. Other notable establishments in the area are the Ekurhuleni Metro Police Department (EMPD) offices, the Ekurhuleni Customer Care Centre, the Daveyton and Mokoka libraries, as well as the Ekurhuleni East College, Daveyton Campus (formerly known as Isidingo College). It also boast one of the biggest arts centre in Ekurhuleni, the old brewery which was converted into an art centre.

With the approval of the Provincial Government in the 1970s, Daveyton began using vintage Chevrolet Kommando and Constantia vehicles as modes of public transportation. They are commonly called amaPhela ('cockroaches') because they were so common in the streets of Daveyton. Hence, Daveyton was dubbed the "Chevrolet Township of South Africa". Though the use of these vehicles has been superseded by the modern, fuel efficient Toyota Avanza, there are still a few classic cars in Daveyton.

It is also recognized as the home of KOTA, South Africa’s distinctive genre of street sandwiches in which a hollowed-out loaf serves as a portable, edible container for everything and anything polony, slaptjips, Russian sausages, archaar and fried eggs .

In the media

 * Bopha! is a 1986 play by Percy Mtwa which was later adapted to film. The African-American filmmaker and actor Morgan Freeman directed the film, which also starred Danny Glover. The film was shot in Daveyton.
 * Yizo Yizo, an uncompromising television drama series, was set in Daveyton with Davey Secondary being the fictitious Supatsela High School. The show achieved record-breaking audience ratings and cult status amongst South Africa's youth. It was directed by Teboho Mahlatsi and Angus Gibson and produced by Desiree Markgraaff.

title: Daveyton


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Grandville (Senate division)

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was REDIRECT. Homey 18:32, 5 September 2005 (UTC)

Grandville (Senate division)
This article was the beginning of a project to create articles for all 24 Quebec Senate divisions. After a lengthy discussion, it was decided to incorporate all of the information on all 24 divisions in to List of Quebec senators. The Grandville (Senate division) article is now redundant because all of the information is in the List article. Ground Zero | t 14:01, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete - redundant. Homey 17:35, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom. Mindmatrix 13:55, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * When information is merged in this way, you can just redirect without a VfD vote. (Actually, you have to redirect; per GFDL, you can't just delete the old article if you're retaining its former content in a new one. See Guide to deletion.) Bearcat 16:16, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Ah, thanks. Redirect done. Ground Zero | t 16:24, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page..


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Demetrius of Rostov

Demetrius of Rostov (Димитрий Ростовский,, secular name Daniil Savvich Tuptalo, Даниил Саввич Туптало, or Tuptalenko, Тупталенко, according to some sources; 11 December 1651 – 28 October 1709) was a leading opponent of the Caesaropapist reform of the Russian Orthodox church promoted by Theophan Prokopovich. He is representative of the strong Cossack Baroque influence upon the Russian Orthodox Church at the turn of the 17th and 18th centuries.

Demetrius is sometimes credited as composer or compiler of the first Russian opera, the lengthy Rostov Mysteries of 1705, though the exact nature of this work, as well as its place in history, is open to debate.

He is the author of several written works, out of which the most famous is The Lives of Saints (Четьи-Минеи). He was also involved in the creation of the forged document Synodic act on the heretic of Armenia, the monk Martin.

Life
He was born into a Cossack family in 1651. Soon thereafter his family moved to Kiev, and he entered the Kievo-Mohyla Academy at the age of 11. On 9 July 1668 he took his religious vows at St. Cyril's Monastery in Kiev and was given the monastic name of Demetrius (after Saint Demetrius of Thessalonika). After a brief period in Chernigov, Demetrius went to venerate the Byzantine Slavic Christian shrines of Belarus (at the time property of the Byzantine Rite Belarusian and Ukrainian Catholic metropolitans of the Uniate churches), still located in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth at that time. In 1678 he returned from Vilno to Baturyn and settled at the court of the hetman Ivan Samoylovych.

During the 1680s, Demetrius lived mostly at the Kiev Pechersk Lavra, while his sermons against hard drinking and lax morals made his name known all over Russia. He was appointed hegumen (superior) of several major monasteries of Ukraine, but concentrated his attention upon the ambitious project of integrating all the lives of Russian saints into a single work, which he published as Monthly Readings (Четьи-минеи) or Menologion in 1684-1705. He also found time to study ecclesiastical history of the Russian Orthodox Church.

In 1701 Demetrius was appointed Metropolitan of Siberia but, pleading ill health, preferred to stay in Moscow until he was invested with the archbishopric of Rostov. During his life in Russia, Demetrius opposed both the Old Believers' and Peter the Great's ecclesiastical policies, gradually drifting towards the party of Eudoxia Lopukhina and Tsarevich Alexis. Shortly before his death he forged a document to undermine the Old Believers by portraying them as adherents of heresy. He also made invaluable contributions to the Russian education, opening a school and a small theatre in Rostov, where his own plays could be staged.

Work as composer
Demetrius was also active as a composer, although his musical education is undocumented aside from the standard music curriculum established by Feofan Prokopovich at the Kyiv-Mohyla Academy. Many of his Penitential Psalms achieved wide circulation, not only in the Ukraine but in the Balkans too, and many have become an integral part of Ukrainian folk-song tradition through the kobzari, itinerant blind singers.

Demetrius is credited as composer or compiler of the first Russian opera, the six-hour-long Rostov Mysteries of 1705. Though this has been staged, notably by Boris Pokrovsky's Moscow Chamber Musical Theatre, in Moscow and at the Brighton Festival (1993), it may best be judged an oratorio on the lives of Russian saints. Its basis is the "Cheti-Minei" (Четьи-Минеи), published in four volumes in 1689, 1690, 1700 and 1705 — the same source that inspired Pushkin in 1825 to write Boris Godunov.

Death
Upon Demetrius' death, on 28 October 1709, his relics were placed at St. Jacob's Monastery, which his followers would rebuild as Demetrius' shrine. A fortress on the Don River was named after him; today it is known as Rostov-on-the-Don.

title: Demetrius of Rostov


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Category:World Heritage Sites in South Africa

This category is for UNESCO-recognized World Heritage Sites in South Africa. For South Africa recognized Heritage Sites, go to Category:South African heritage sites. For any historic site in South Africa, go to Category:Historic sites in South Africa


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Match report

In metadata, a match report is a report that compares two distinct data dictionaries and creates a list of the data elements that have been identified as semantically equivalent.

Use of match reports
Match reports are critical for systems that wish to automatically exchange data, such as intelligent software agents. If one computer system is requesting a report from a remote system that uses a distinct data dictionary and all of the data elements on the report manifest are included in the match report the report request can be executed.

Match reports are useful if data dictionaries use a metadata tagging system such as the UDEF.

title: Match report


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Field gun competition

The Royal Navy's command field gun competition was a contest between teams from three Royal Navy commands, in which teams of sailors compete to transport a field gun and its equipment over and through a series of obstacles in the shortest time. The competition evolved during the early years of the 20th century. The "Command" format, negotiating walls and a chasm, was held annually at the Royal Tournament in London solely as a public display and as recruitment purposes from 1907 until 1999, apart from the periods during the World Wars. The "Inter-Port" or "Command" Competition was contested by teams from the Royal Navy annually, and was a popular item at the Royal Tournament until finishing in 1999.

A similar "Command" Field Gun, is still being run by civilians as Wellington College (cadet-size) and Portsmouth Action Field Gun (full-size). A second team, Eastbourne Youth Field Gun, established 2017 and also a cadet-size formation, is the newest field gun formation in the "Command" format.

The "Brickwoods" Field Gun competition also started in 1907 after the Brickwoods Brewery donated a magnificent Trophy to the Royal Navy. This competition involving no obstacles and run on a flat track continues to be competed for on an annual basis at HMS Collingwood as part of the HMS Collingwood Open day.

The Birmingham Tattoo, held yearly in the city of Birmingham, also hosts an inter-service field gun challenge as part of their programme. The format of the competition and drill, based on the Brickwoods competition, changes slightly due to the fact that the crews run on polished concrete surfaces. The track length is also fractionally shorter due to the size of the arena.

A spin-off, the Junior Leaders Field Gun Competition, using the Brickwoods format, was held for the 1st time in 2007 and is still held today.

Origins
The origins of the field gun competition lie in the Second Boer War in South Africa. The legendary story tells of the siege of the British garrison in Ladysmith in 1899. In support of the British Army, the Royal Navy landed guns from HMS Terrible and Powerful to help in the relief of the siege. The Naval Brigade transported guns over difficult terrain and brought them into action against the Boers.

The Royal Navy landed two 4.7 in guns and four 12-pounder naval guns creating improvised field guns using makeshift gun carriages. The guns were transported inland by rail and then drawn on makeshift carriages by oxen. For the final part of the journey, sailors from the Naval Brigade manhandled the guns over very difficult terrain. One story tells of sailors carrying one of the 12-pounder guns for 2 mi after one of the wheels collapsed.

The siege of Ladysmith lasted for 120 days until February 1900. On their return home, the sailors from the Naval Brigade paraded their guns through London and appeared at the Royal Naval and Military Tournament at the Agricultural Hall, Islington. Displays of field gun drill continued in subsequent years.

A precursor to the competition lay in the presentation of Field Gun 'Evolutions' including one performed by Miss Weston's Naval Boy's Brigade from Portsmouth at the Royal Albert Hall on 21 October 1905 as part of the Centenary Commemoration of the Battle of Trafalgar. A film clip of this evolution survives from the period which was filmed by Alfred J West for his popular 'Our Navy' film presentations in the early 1900s.

The Interport ("Command") Field Gun competition was established in 1907 and was a highlight of the Royal Tournament until the Last Run in 1999.

Information on the period 1908 to 1922 is scanty, but it seems that apart from the periods of war the Brickwood Trophy was competed for each year. There have been many changes to the competition. The 1907 challenge involved a team of 17 scaling a 5 ft obstacle on a 75 yd course and returning. In 1947 the course consisted of seven "very stiff obstacles" over a distance of 440 yd each way. Today 18 strong teams compete over an 85 yd flat track, a total run of 170 yd.

The "Brickwoods" trophy itself is a reproduction in silver of a 12-pounder field gun and a gun crew of seven sailors. The names of the winners of the trophy are engraved on small shields up to and including 1961 and plates for winners since 1962. Originally mounted on a black ebony stand, this was replaced in 1961 by the current polished wooden base. At this time the winners' shields transferred to the new mounting, although not in the same order as they had appeared on the previous stand.

The original stipulation by Brickwood that the trophy was only open to teams from within Portsmouth continued until 1975 when the competition was widened to include bases from around the country. The trophy left Portsmouth Command for the first time in 1978 as a result of HMS Fisgard's win. HMS Gannet's win in 1997 took the trophy to Scotland for the first time.

Before the First World War the competition was moved from the RN Barracks to Whale Island, where it continued until 1973; the following year it transferred to HMS Collingwood, its famously large parade ground reputed to have once held as many as 8,000 ratings is the perfect setting for the event.

HMS Collingwood itself has had a good record in the competition, having won the Brickwood Trophy 16 times between 1957 and 2006. Records for completing the course have continued to be broken. The Royal Marines set a new record in 1924 of 1 minute 24.40 seconds. This was exceeded in seven subsequent years and eventually in 1938 HMS Excellent achieved 1 minute 13.40 seconds.

After the war, with a different course and drill, Victoria Barracks achieved 1 minute 27.40 seconds in 1954. HMS Collingwood cut that to 1 minute 26.80 seconds in 1962. The record was lowered to 1 minute 19.40 seconds by HMS Daedalus in 1988. HMS Collingwood beat this by running a time of 1 minute 18.80 seconds in 2001. In 2011 HM Naval Base Portsmouth set a new record of 1 min 17.78 seconds.

Brickwood maintained a close interest in the competition over the years. In 1969 Sir Rupert Brickwood Bart presented the trophy and tankards and a firkin of Brickwood's beer to the winning team. In 1971 Brickwood's business was acquired by London-based brewers Whitbread & Co Ltd. The Royal Navy Royal Marines Charity (RNRMC) have taken over as the main event sponsor but the Brickwood's trophy remains.

After a century this spectacle of toughness, courage, discipline and teamwork is still going strong.

Command Field Gun
The Royal Navy Field Gun competition was contested by teams from the Royal Naval commands of Portsmouth, Devonport and the Fleet Air Arm (although teams from Chatham and the Royal Marines have also competed). At each performance of the Royal Tournament, two crews competed to transport a 12 pounder field gun and limber over a series of obstacles.

From the start line in front of the Royal Box, the crews pulled the guns and limbers to the end of the arena where they turned and carried themselves and the equipment over a 5 ft wall. The guns and limbers were then dismantled and carried to the top of a ramp on the "home side" of a 28 ft "chasm". The crew set up a wire and traveller so all 18 members of the crew and their equipment could cross the chasm. The team and equipment then passed through a hole in the "enemy wall" at the end of the arena. Each crew then fired three rounds to end the "Run Out". The average time for the "Run Out" was 85 seconds.

The second part of the competition (the "Run Back") involved the crews taking all their equipment back over the 5 ft enemy wall and then back across the chasm. Once all the crew and equipment were back on the home side of the chasm, the wire and traveller were dismantled and three more rounds were fired in a rear guard action. The average time for the "Run Back" was 60 seconds.

In the final stage, the "Run Home", men, guns and limbers passed back through the hole in the home wall and then the teams "hook up and pull for home". The clock was stopped as the teams crossed back over the start line. The average time for the "Run Home" was 21 seconds.

The record for the fastest run at the Royal Tournament was set by Devonport in 1999, the competition's final year, with 80.86 seconds for the "Run Out", 58.65 seconds for the "Run Back" and 20.92 seconds for the "Run Home", an aggregate of 2 minutes, 40.43 seconds.

Three Commands, Devonport, Fleet Air Arm and Portsmouth currently have associations made up of past members of their Command Field Gun Crews, since its demise in 1999 and a heritage centre and museum at Crownhill Fort, Plymouth is maintained and run by Devonport Field Gun Association.

Brickwood's Field Gun
The competition simulates the drill which would have been undertaken to bring a naval field gun into action during the march to Ladysmith.

 * 1st Advance, 1st Wheel Change: The limber is lifted, its wheels and drag ropes are shipped and it is run forward. The gun wheels are exchanged with the limber wheels. The gun is brought to the back of the limber and connected, then both are run forward.

 * 2nd Advance, 1st Action: The gun is unhooked and the limber is run to the 70-yard line, where it is turned or spun to face the start; its wheels are removed, and it is dropped to the ground. The gun is run to the end of the track, turned and stopped. The gun is fired three times, each shell being run to the gun from the limber by the fastest man in the crew.

 * 1st Retire, 2nd Wheel Change: The limber wheels are shipped, and it is run back and hooked to the gun. Both are then run towards the start, stopped and lifted together to exchange wheels. This is the heaviest lift of all, and life gets very difficult if the gear is dropped.

 * 2nd Retire, 2nd Action: Gun and limber are run towards the start line, separated and stopped. The gun is fired three times as quickly as possible.

 * 3rd Retire and Finish: The limber is run back and hooked to the gun, then every member of the crew strains to accelerate the gear over the finish line. This is not the best time to fall in front of the gear, because it is very heavy and cannot be stopped.

Time penalties are added to the running time for each contravention of the rules, which are published each year under the title "Royal Navy Field Gun Instructions (RNFGI)". There are 38 possible contraventions defined that carry a time penalty ranging from 1 to 6 seconds. These are applied as appropriate to each team upon completion of the drill by the event's Chief Judge.
 * Result:

The track is 85 yd long, which means a total run of 170 yd.

Previous winners of the Brickwood Trophy

 * 1985 HMS Osprey
 * 1986 HMS Daedalus
 * 1987 HMS Defiance
 * 1988 HMS Daedalus
 * 1989 HMS Daedalus
 * 1990 HMS Nelson
 * 1991 HMS Sultan
 * 1992 HMS Dolphin
 * 1993 HMS Seahawk
 * 1994 HMS Thunderer
 * 1995 HMS Sultan
 * 1996 HMS Collingwood
 * 1997 HMS Gannet
 * 1998 HMS Collingwood
 * 1999 HMS Neptune
 * 2000 HMS Heron
 * 2001 HMS Collingwood
 * 2002 HMS Heron
 * 2003 HMS Collingwood
 * 2004 HM Naval Base Portsmouth
 * 2005 7 Air Assault Battalion REME
 * 2006 HMS Collingwood
 * 2007 HM Naval Base Portsmouth (100th Anniversary)
 * 2008 HMS Sultan
 * 2009 HM Naval Base Portsmouth
 * 2010 HM Naval Base Portsmouth
 * 2011 HMS Heron (HM Naval Base Portsmouth set a new record of 1 min 17.78 secs)
 * 2012 HM Naval Base Portsmouth (1.19.88)
 * 2013 HMS Heron
 * 2014 7 Air Assault Battalion REME (1.20.03)
 * 2015 HMS Heron (With a new record of 1 min 17.69)
 * 2016 7th Air Assault Battalion REME
 * 2017 7th Air Assault Battalion REME (New record set of 1.16.19)
 * 2018 RNAS Yeovilton (HMS Heron)(1.19.74)
 * 2022 RNAS Culdrose (HMS Seahawk)(1.18.81)

Plate 1 Winners:

 * 2012 REME (1.22.90)
 * 2014 RAF Cosford (1.23.16)
 * 2015 HMS Raleigh
 * 2016 HMS Queen Elizabeth
 * 2017 MOD Corsham (1.24.00)
 * 2018 Royal Engineers (1.24.31)
 * 2022 RAF Cosford
 * 2023 British Forces Cyprus (1.26.70)

Plate 2 Winners
 * 2001 HMS Nelson
 * 2012 Collingwood B (1.32.59)
 * 2013 MOD Abbey Wood
 * 2014 Naples (1.30.22)
 * 2016 MOD Corsham
 * 2017 HMS Collingwood B (1.27.12)
 * 2018 British Forces Cyprus (1.29.30)
 * 2022 British Forces Cyprus
 * 2023 NATO JWC

Plate 3 Winners:

 * 2012 DMSTG (1.28.53)
 * 2014 HMS Heron B (1.27.88)
 * 2016 JFC Naples (1.32.47)
 * 2017 HMS Ocean (1.34.75)
 * 2018 Maritime Reserves (1.31.28)

Least Penalty Points Trophy:
 * 2000 JSU Gibraltar
 * 2002 HMS Sultan B Crew (0 Penalties Points)
 * 2007 HMS Portsmouth
 * 2008 HMS Nelson
 * 2014 MOD Abbey Wood (0 penalties)
 * 2016 HMS Seahawk & HMS Queen Elizabeth
 * 2017 7th Air Assault Battalion REME
 * 2023 NATO JWC (0 Penalties)

Fastest Run
 * 2017 7th Air Assault Battalion REME (1.16.19)

Notes & References

 * Field Gun - A Century of History
 * Online Information Bank (National Museum of the Royal Navy, Information Sheet No. 28)
 * www.royaltournament.org
 * The Birmingham Military Tattoo
 * (BFI Curated film of early Field Gun Evolution at Whale Island filmed by Alfred J West)

title: Field gun competition


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Bartonian

The Bartonian is, in the International Commission on Stratigraphy's (ICS) geologic time scale, a stage or age in the middle of the Eocene Epoch or Series. The Bartonian Age spans the time between. It is preceded by the Lutetian and is followed by the Priabonian Age.

Stratigraphic definition
The Bartonian Stage was introduced by Swiss stratigrapher Karl Mayer-Eymar in 1857. The name derives from the Barton Group, a lithostratigraphic unit from the south English Hampshire Basin, which in turn derived its name from the local coastal village Barton-on-Sea (part of New Milton) in southern England. The distinction between group and stage was made in the second part of the 20th century, when stratigraphers saw the need to distinguish between litho- and chronostratigraphy.

The base of the Bartonian is at the first appearance of the calcareous nanoplankton species Reticulofenestra reticulata. In 2009, an official reference profile (GSSP) for the base of the Bartonian had not yet been established.

The top of the Bartonian Stage (the base of the Priabonian) is at the first appearance of calcareous nanoplankton species Chiasmolithus oamaruensis (which forms the base of nanoplankton biozone NP18).

The Bartonian Stage overlaps part of the upper Robiacian European Land Mammal Mega Zone (it spans the Mammal Paleogene zone 16 ), the upper Uintan and Duchesnean North American Land Mammal Ages, part of the Divisaderan South American Land Mammal Age and is coeval with the Sharamururian Asian Land Mammal Age.

The Auversian regional stage of France is coeval with the Bartonian and is therefore no longer used.

Literature

 * 🇦🇹; 2004: A Geologic Time Scale 2004, Cambridge University Press.
 * 🇦🇹; 1857: Tableau synchronique des formations tertiaires d'Europe, 3rd ed., Zürich.

title: Bartonian


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Flash and the Pan

Flash and the Pan were an Australian new wave musical group (essentially a studio project). Also described as "a kind of post-disco, pre-house percussive dance music". It was formed in 1976 by Harry Vanda and George Young, both former members of the Easybeats, who formed a production and songwriting team known as Vanda & Young. The group's first chart success was their 1976 debut single, "Hey, St. Peter", which reached number five in the Australian Kent Music Report Singles Chart. The next single, "Down Among the Dead Men", peaked at number four in Australia in 1978. For international release, it was re-titled "And the Band Played On".

The eponymous debut album followed in December 1978, featuring the track "Walking in the Rain", originally the B-side to "Hey St. Peter". The song was later covered by Grace Jones, and released as the last single from her 1981 album Nightclubbing. Her version was most successful in New Zealand, reaching number 34. Flash and the Pan's second album, Lights in the Night, released in early 1980, peaked at No. 1 on the Swedish Albums Chart. "Waiting for a Train", the lead single from their third album, Headlines, reached number seven on the UK Singles Chart in 1983.

History

Flash and the Pan was formed by Harry Vanda and George Young in mid-1976 in Sydney, Australia. It was initially a studio-only pop rock band, with both members on guitar, keyboards and vocals. The duo had been the key creative members of the Easybeats, and subsequently worked, both in Australia and in the United Kingdom (UK), as the songwriting and producing team, Vanda & Young. From mid-1973, they were A&R agents for Albert Productions, and its in-house producers at Albert Studios in Sydney.

It all began with an unfinished Easybeats London demo. Ted Albert was keen for them to use it but it did not suit any of the artists they were working with, namely Stevie Wright, John Paul Young or William Shakespeare. So they ended up doing it themselves. The name came from an off-the-cuff remark of Harry's that this would just be a flash in the pan thing.

Flash and the Pan's debut single, "Hey, St. Peter", which they had co-written and co-produced, was issued in September 1976 on Albert Productions "as an engaging diversion from the real job of record production for other artists." It peaked at No.5 on the Kent Music Report Singles Chart in February 1977. Australian musicologist Ian McFarlane felt "[t]he music was based around an accessible, yet inventive synthesiser-based pop rock sound with an emphasis on George's spoken-word vocals and shouted chorus."

John Paul Young (no relation), speaking to Kathy McCabe of News Corp Australia, remembered the story of the song: "George was in New York chatting to the hotel doorman about the weather and the African American guy says 'Oh well, man, when my time comes, I am going to say to St Peter "You can't send me to hell, I have done my time in hell in New York!'" George just picked up things you and I would say and turn them into songs." John Paul Young had hit singles written and produced by Vanda & Young, including "Yesterday's Hero" (1975) and "Love Is in the Air" (1977).

"Hey, St. Peter" was released in July 1977 on Mercury Records for continental Europe, where it reached No.6 on the Belgian Ultratop 50 Singles chart and No.7 on the Netherlands' Dutch Top 40. In the United Kingdom, it appeared on the Ensign Records label, and for the North American market it was issued in July 1979 on Epic Records, peaking at No.76 on the Billboard Hot 100 in August of that year. Their second single, "Down Among the Dead Men", was issued in Australia in July 1978, and peaked at No.4 on the Kent Music Report. On the UK Singles Chart, re-titled "And the Band Played On", it reached No.54. In November, they followed with their third single, "The African Shuffle".

The group's debut album, Flash and the Pan, was issued in Australia on Albert Productions in December 1978, and internationally in the following year on Mercury, Ensign and Epic. It was recorded at Albert Studios in Sydney, co-produced by the duo, who co-wrote nine of its ten tracks. The only song not written by them was "California" credited to M. James. Songwriters would often register songs under false names due to contractual issues. Vanda confirms that the author of this song was actually George's brother Alex Young, "I really liked Alex. He was very much his own man. He wrote 'California' and I thought that song was perfect for Flash and the Pan."

Aside from Vanda and Young, the studio musicians included Ray Arnott on drums, Les Karski on bass guitar and Warren Morgan on piano. Vanda & Young signed Arnott to Alberts with a recording contract and Karski produced Arnott's solo debut album, Rude Dudes in 1979, as well as providing bass guitar. The Ray Arnott Band, which included both Karski and Morgan, toured to support the album.

Although Flash and the Pan appeared on various national charts, including reaching No.14 on Sweden's Swedish Albums Chart and No.80 on the US Billboard 200, the duo did not support its release with a tour. As McFarlane said: "[they] preferred the sanctity of their 24-track Albert Studio enclave". AllMusic's Steven McDonald rated the album as four-and-a-half stars out of five and explained that it had "some seriously deranged songwriting, with quirky but attention-grabbing music peppered with pointy, strange lyrics. A soundtrack for the dark side of the moon that's well worth searching out."

For the group's second studio album, Lights in the Night (early 1980), Vanda and Young again used Arnott, Karski and Morgan. All eight tracks were co-written by Vanda and Young, who also co-produced the album. The album reached the top100 in Australia, and peaked at No.1 on the Swedish Albums Chart in June. It provided two singles, "Welcome to the Universe" (July 1980) and "Media Man" (December 1980).

In October 1981, UK-based artist Grace Jones released her cover version of "Walking in the Rain", the B-side of "Hey, St. Peter", as a single, which peaked at No.34 in New Zealand. Dmetri Kakmi provided Stereo Stories with his recollection of first hearing it: "I was transported. Vanda and Young's lyrics and Jones's detached delivery captured the restlessness, alienation and pent-up emotions of a stifled adolescence... By the end of the track I was liberated, lifted out of a traditional Greek upbringing and pointed toward a future filled with wide horizons."

Headlines, their third studio album, appeared in August 1982. The liner notes on the first pressing of the album suggest that the members of Flash and the Pan are: Stevie Wright, Harry Vanda, George Young, Les Karski (bass) and Ian Miller (guitar). Additional players on the album are listed as: Ray Arnott (drums); Johnny Dick (drums), Alan Sandow (drums); Lyndsay Hammond (backing vocals on loan from Cheetah); Ralph White (brass instruments and keyboards). The shots of the band on the album cover show Stevie Wright at the mic and George Young on drums. The truth of the matter is that there was a plan to put together some sort of band headed by Wright to tour as Flash and the Pan so that Harry and George could stay at home. However due to Wright's addiction issues, it never eventuated. Nor did Wright perform on the album. Later pressings removed Wright's name from the credits.

McFarlane felt that Headlines "featured a more basic rock approach, but with no loss of power or originality." Headlines reached No.13 on the Swedish Albums Chart.

Hammond's group, Cheetah, was signed to Alberts in 1978 by Vanda & Young. Arnott, Karski and Miller were all members of Cheetah during 1982, alongside Hammond and her sister, Chrissie. Wright was the duo's bandmate from the Easybeats, and they had written and produced material for his solo career, including his number one hit "Evie" (April 1974).

"Waiting for a Train" reached the top100 in Australia, but had greater chart success in Europe when issued there in April 1983:   it peaked at No.7 in the UK, No.15 in Belgium and No.26 in the Netherlands. According to Duncan Kimball of MilesAgo, it is "a song with definite drug overtones that could well have been written about Stevie's predicament."

Late in 1984, they issued their fourth studio album, Early Morning Wake Up Call which, according to Neil Lade of The Canberra Times, showed that the duo were "content to rest on their laurels... they have lapsed into the world of 'gimmick' songs... [and] an exercise of the bland and boring... Trite lyrics are made even more limp by droning vocal work." The single "Midnight Man" became a cult underground dance hit in Ibiza. It was mixed by renowned DJs and producers Francois Kevorkian and Ron St Germain. Swedish rock band The Hives have been known to regularly perform the title track.

Their next studio album, Nights in France, appeared in October 1987 via Epic Records. It provided two singles, "Ayla", in September, and "Money Don't Lie" in April 1988. "Ayla" features in a party scene of the 2005 French movie Combien Tu M'Aimes featuring Monica Belluci and Gerard Depardieu. Their final studio album, Burning up the Night, was issued in October 1992, with two further singles, "Burning up the Night" (October) and "Living on Dreams" (March 1993). Thereafter, the duo concentrated on their songwriting and production work for other artists.

The most extraordinary thing is that Vanda & Young created six successful studio albums, many singles and several film clips as Flash and the Pan but never played live let alone tour. Harry Vanda explained, "It was entirely our own fault. We put in no promotion whatsoever. They tried to get us to get a band together and go to the states promoting it - things we would advise any band to do... but we had no time to do that, nor did we have the inclination, so therefore as a result, it is quite amazing that it did take off so nicely.

Compilations

 * Pan-orama (July 1983) Easy Beat (EASLP 100) – UK No. 69.
 * Flash Hits (1988) Cha Cha (001-1)
 * Collection (1990)
 * The Flash and the Pan Hits Collection (1996) Albert Productions / Epic Records (477106 2 / EPC 466950 2)
 * Ayla The Best of Flash and the Pan (2005) Repertoire Records

title: Flash and the Pan


text:
Dabo

Dabo may refer to:

 * Dabo (Star Trek), game of chance shown in Star Trek
 * Dabo, Indonesia, a port in Indonesia
 * Dabo Airport, an airport in Dabo, Indonesia
 * Dabo, Mali, a commune in Mali
 * Dabo, Moselle, a commune of the Moselle département, France
 * Dabo (mountain) (647 m), a mountain in the Vosges, France

People

 * Ibrahim Dabo (19th century), ruler of Kano and founder of the Dabo dynasty
 * Baciro Dabó (1958–2009), Guinea-Bissauan politician
 * Dabo Swinney (born 1969), American football coach
 * Dabo (rapper) (born 1975), Japanese hip-hop artist
 * Ousmane Dabo (born 1977), French footballer
 * Mouhamadou Dabo (born 1986), French footballer
 * Fankaty Dabo (born 1995), English footballer

title: Dabo


text:
File:Flash And The Pan - Early Morning Wake Up Call LP album cover.jpg

Summary
Flash And The Pan - Early Morning Wake Up Call. Original UK LP album cover.

Licensing
Original UK release album cover - album covers are fair use. Picture scanned by me Ian Dunster from original UK LP album.


text:
Burswood, Western Australia

Burswood is an inner southeastern suburb of Perth, Western Australia, located immediately across the Swan River from Perth's central business district (CBD). Its local government area is the Town of Victoria Park. Burswood is the location of the State Tennis Centre, Perth Stadium, Belmont Park Racecourse, and the Crown Perth casino and hotel complex.

History
Burswood developed as two separate entities – Burswood Island, and a southernmost part within the suburb of Victoria Park until the 1990s.

Henry Camfield, who emigrated from England to the Swan River Colony in 1829, with two indentured servants and their families, was granted 1000 acre of land opposite Claisebrook. Camfield named the estate after his father's farm, Burrswood, near Groombridge in Kent.

The area was a low-lying peninsula leading to a ridge and steep, sandy hill with scrubland beyond. The peninsula became Burrswood Island in 1841 when Burswood canal was cut to offer a more direct route to Guildford, which had previously been encumbered by mud flats. By this time, the land was earning income and Camfield let it to tenants until he sold it in 1871 when he was living at Camfield House. A statue of Henry Camfield is located in Burswood Park surrounding the entertainment complex today.

During the 1890s, the Bunbury Bridge and the Perth to Armadale railway line were built in the area. The current spelling of Burswood was a result of a misspelling on the station signage. Western Australia's first golf course (9-hole) was built at Burswood Island in 1895 – the clubhouse was a mud hut –  and in 1899 a racecourse was also built. This was built by Albert Edmund Cockram and in 1902 it became the Belmont Park Racecourse. In 1906 Goodwood railway station, later renamed Belmont Park, opened.

From 1900 until 1943, there were two racecourses, Goodwood and Belmont Park. These were owned by Albert Edmund Cockram as was Burswood Island. He developed the racecourses and became the largest importer of thoroughbreds into Australia. The Western Australian Turf Club took over both in 1945 purchasing it from the estate of Albert Edmund Cockram and closed Goodwood.

Efforts were made to establish a residential district at "Riversdale Estate", but the use of Burswood Island as part of a sewerage filtration system (1906–1934) and the existence of various light industries from the 1910s onward worked against development. Residents in the area requested a change of name and in 1921, the name Rivervale was adopted.

In 1985, the development of the Burswood Island Resort, including a casino, rehabilitated the name and the suburb was gazetted as Burswood in 1993, also including the residential area of Victoria Park south of Burswood Road.

Population
In the 2021 Census, there were 2,779 people in Burswood. 47.0% of people were born in Australia. The next most common country of birth was England at 6.1%. 63.0% of people spoke only English at home. Other languages spoken at home included Mandarin at 6.2%. The most common responses for religion were No Religion 41.2% and Catholic 18.8%.

Notably 8.8% of Burswood's population has Chinese ancestry, well above the state or national averages.

Geography

Burswood is bounded by the Swan River to the west, north and north-east; Graham Farmer Freeway, Great Eastern Highway and the Armadale railway to the east, and Shepperton Road and Harper Street to the south.

Facilities
Burswood includes Belmont Park Racecourse, Perth's winter thoroughbred racing track; Perth Stadium, a 60,000 seat multi-purpose venue for all football codes, cricket and entertainment events; the State Tennis Centre; and Crown Perth (formerly the Burswood Entertainment Complex), with three hotels, a casino, a convention and function centre, a theatre and many restaurants and bars.

Burswood was the site of Western Australia's first golf course established in 1895. The site was found to be unsuitable and the course was closed and the site abandoned. The golf club relocated to Belmont in 1901 and eventually became (after relocating again to South Perth), Royal Perth Golf Club. A new 18 hole course was opened in 1987 and closed in 2013 amid controversy, to make way for construction of Perth Stadium and a new hotel. The Burswood Superdome, a 13,600 seat multipurpose indoor arena used for sports and entertainment, operated from 1987 to 2012. It was demolished in 2013, to be replaced by a casino carpark.

Transport
The Perth-Armadale rail line runs through the area and is serviced by Burswood railway station. Buses from the Victoria Park transfer station along Great Eastern Highway and Craig Street service the area. Perth Stadium is serviced on event days by the Perth Stadium bus station and the Perth Stadium railway station, with some train services stopping on weekends. All services are operated by the Public Transport Authority. apart from the privately owned Little Ferry Co.

Bus Stations

 * Causeway Bus Station
 * Perth Stadium Bus Station (special events only)

Bus Routes

 * 38 Perth Busport to Cloverdale – serves Causeway Bus Station and Shepperton Road
 * 39 Elizabeth Quay Bus Station to Redcliffe Station – serves Causeway Bus Station, Craig Street and Great Eastern Highway
 * 270 Elizabeth Quay Bus Station to High Wycombe Station – serves Causeway Bus Station, Craig Street and Great Eastern Highway
 * 282 and 283 Elizabeth Quay Bus Station to Kalamunda Bus Station – serve Causeway Bus Station and Shepperton Road
 * 930 Elizabeth Quay Bus Station to Thornlie Station (high frequency) – serves Causeway Bus Station and Shepperton Road
 * 935 Kings Park to Redcliffe Station (high frequency) – serves Causeway Bus Station, Craig Street and Great Eastern Highway
 * 940 Elizabeth Quay Bus Station to Redcliffe Station (high frequency) – serves Causeway Bus Station, Craig Street and Great Eastern Highway

Bus routes serving Causeway Bus Station:
 * 32 Elizabeth Quay Bus Station to Como
 * 33 Elizabeth Quay Bus Station to Curtin Central Bus Station
 * 72 and 177 Elizabeth Quay Bus Station to Cannington Station
 * 75 Elizabeth Quay Bus Station to Canning Vale
 * 178 and 179 Elizabeth Quay Bus Station to Bull Creek Station
 * 220 Perth Busport to Armadale Station
 * 221 Perth Busport to Armadale Station (limited stops)
 * 230 Perth Busport to Thornlie Station (limited stops)
 * 907 Perth Busport to Armadale Station (high frequency / limited stops)
 * 910 Perth Busport to Fremantle Station (high frequency)
 * 960 Mirrabooka Bus Station to Curtin University Bus Station (high frequency)

Rail

 * Armadale/Thornlie Line
 * Perth Stadium Station
 * Burswood Station

Ferry

 * The Little Ferry Co. Burswood jetty to Elizabeth Quay via On The Point. Departs every Thurs, fri, sat, sun at 10:45am 12:45pm and 2:45pm

Politics
The nearest polling booth, Homestead Seniors Centre in Victoria Park, is marginal at federal level, and supports the Australian Labor Party at state elections.

title: Burswood, Western Australia


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Chorisandrachne

Chorisandrachne is a genus of plants in the family Phyllanthaceae first described as a genus in 1969. It contains only one known species, Chorisandrachne diplosperma, native to southern Thailand.

title: Chorisandrachne


text:
What Is Literature?

What Is Literature? (Qu'est-ce que la littérature?), also published as Literature and Existentialism, is an essay by French philosopher and novelist Jean-Paul Sartre, published by Gallimard in 1948. Initially published in freestanding essays across French literary journals Les Temps modernes, Situations I and Situations II, essays "What Is Writing?" and "Why Write?" were translated into English and published by the Paris-based literary journal Transition 1948. The English translation by Bernard Frechtman was published in 1950.

Summary
Sartre attempts to devise an understanding of the effect literature has on those who are subjected to it. In the foreword Sartre addresses his critics who condemn him for supposing literature can be political rather than relegated to purely art. Using the term "committed writing" in relation to the writer who is politically active, Sartre begins his query into the art of writing. The book is divided into four chapters:

 * 1) What is Writing?
 * 2) Why Write?
 * 3) For Whom Does One Write?
 * 4) Situation of the Writer in 1947

Sartre makes a significant distinction between prose and poetry; arguing that prose is committed writing, and that only poetry fits into his critics' conception of literature as an object (such as a painting or a sculpture). Sartre maintains that the prose writer utilizes language with deliberation, and in keeping with his early existentialist philosophy that man is ultimately free, Sartre argues that committed writing communicates the ideal of a free society.

What is writing?
Sartre distinguishes the art of writing prose from other forms of art such as poetry, painting, or a musical composition. In the latter group, the viewer subjects the piece of art to the viewer's own interpretation, and the work becomes an object. Meanwhile, prose remains attached to the social, political and historical contexts of the writer, and prose becomes a signifier rather than an object.

Sartre describes the poet as "outside of language." The poet refuses to utilize language, and instead manipulates and disassociates words from the structure of language in an expression to change his internal economy of the world.

Contrarily, prose is utilitarian. The speaker interpolates, persuades, insinuates a particular aim. The prose writer recognizes the loaded nature of words, and deliberately works within the framework of language with resolute will. Sartre rails against aesthetic purism, saying that style determines the value of prose, but beauty is not its main intent. Sartre proclaims, "our great writers wanted to destroy, to edify, to demonstrate." Sartre stresses that the underlying purpose of prose is to communicate meaning, despite the fallibility of its cause over time, because great prose is directly linked to the writer's external economy. Sartre considers it a mistake to divorce literature from the author, and accuses his critics of only appreciating literature after its authors are dead; thus supposedly removed from history, their work can be consumed without being considered "committed", or inherently political or philosophical.

Why write?
Sartre believes that prose communicates ideas, and is an appeal by the individual to feel essential from the world. The prose writer reveals or discloses his experience of the world to others. This contrasts with the poet, who performs acts of perceiving rather than disclosing. The art of writing is deeply linked to freedom and thus ventures into the fields of politics and democracy. The poet frees himself by disassociation, and the prose writer fulfills a duty to utilize language for the end of a conceived free society.

title: What Is Literature?


text:
Wikipedia talk:Articles for deletion/Community: A NewOrderOnline Tribute

Why would it be deleted?
Well, actually it's a lot more than that, it's probably the best tribute existing for the band New Order... and to say it's from "a few fans" isn't really what it was.

I was just updating the New Order discography, wanted to add the tribute albums as well.

This is a very serious album actually, sponsored by the band themselves... I think it was worth being included in wikipedia due to the "nature" of the project being very original.

Sure isn't for commercial reasons, this album is out of print. But it's nevertheless one to add for the discography section of New Order
 * Why don't you put this comment on the votes page, and don't forget to sign it with 4 ~s like ~ Kappa 23:38, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

Because I did not know exactly how to reply to this, I wondered if we simply edited the page or not. 207.253.226.195 15:09, 2 September 2005 (UTC)


text:
Silver Star (album)

Silver Star is the fourth studio album by English singer Gary Glitter, released in 1977. The album saw the return of Mike Leander as producer and co-writer, after being absent from Glitter's previous studio album G. G. (1975).

The album contained three hit singles, "You Belong to Me" (released as the single "Bell 1473"), "It Takes All Night Long" (the album version of the song is extended), and "A Little Boogie Woogie in the Back of My Mind" (which was a hit in the British singles charts twice, thanks to a cover version by Shakin' Stevens in 1987).

Other selections include Gary's version of "Rock and Roll (I Gave You the Best Years of My Life)" (a previous hit for its writer, Kevin Johnson), a rock number "Summertime Blues Out", the good time boogie track "Heartbreaking Blue Eyed Boy", a tribute to the world's entertainment capital, "Hooked on Hollywood", as well as the fan favourites "Haven't I Seen You Somewhere Before?" and "Oh What a Fool I Have Been".

The album fused glam rock, rock and roll and disco, and was designed to expand Glitter's fan base, especially in the United States, where he had a top 10 hit with "Rock and Roll" several years previously but a country where he had done a lot worse commercially compared to other countries. Sales of Silver Star were disappointing and it failed to chart inside the all important Top 50 on either side of the Atlantic. Nevertheless, Silver Star went on to become a classic amongst his loyal fan base, and it was even voted the number one album of his career by his fan club in 1996.

The 2006 and 2008 CD reissues of Silver Star contained bonus tracks.

title: Silver Star (album)


text:
British Fantasy Award

The British Fantasy Awards (BFA) are awarded annually by the British Fantasy Society (BFS), first in 1976. Prior to that they were known as The August Derleth Fantasy Awards (see August Derleth Award). First awarded in 1972 (to The Knight of Swords by Michael Moorcock) only for novels, the number of award categories increased and in 1976 the BFS renamed them collectively to the British Fantasy Awards. As of 2023 the award categories are:
 * Best Fantasy Novel (the Robert Holdstock Award)
 * Best Horror Novel (the August Derleth Award)
 * Best Novella
 * Best Short Fiction
 * Best Anthology
 * Best Collection
 * Magazine/Periodical
 * Best Independent Press
 * Best Artist
 * Best Audio
 * Best Non-Fiction
 * Best Newcomer (the Sydney J. Bounds Award)
 * The Karl Edward Wagner Award for "important contribution to the genre or the Society" is given at the discretion of the BFS committee.

The membership of the BFS vote to determine the shortlists of the awards, the winners being decided by juries.

Conventional Fiction Writing
1Previously "Best Short Story", before 2008.

2Was originally presented as a single award known as "Best Novel", the August Derleth Fantasy Award, until split in 2012.

Anthology, Collection, Magazine, and Press
1Provided as "Small Press" until 2015, when that was ended and replace with "Independent"

Multimedia
1Was initially conferred 1973-1980 as "Best Comic"; it was revived in 2009 as "Best Comic / Graphic Novel". The category was removed at the 2022 AGM

2Awarded only to films from 1973 to 1990, this honor was renewed 2009–2011, (though split into two separate categories), and again starting in 2014 as "Best Film / Television Episode", and then "Best Film / Television Production" from 2016 onward. In the two years 2012–2013, the BFS decided to present for extraordinary contributions to screenplay literature to Woody Allen for Midnight in Paris (2012) and co-writers Drew Goddard and Joss Whedon for Cabin in the Woods (2013). The category was again removed following the 2022 AGM.

Award controversy of 2011
In 2011, British writer Sam Stone won the British Fantasy Award but returned it three days later after editor and anthologist Stephen Jones posted a blog entry pointing out that three of the winning entries (and many of the shortlisted works) were published by Telos Publishing, a company owned by David Howe. At the time, Howe was also chair of the British Fantasy Society, British Fantasy Award coordinator, and partner of Stone.

title: British Fantasy Award


text:
Marc Degryse

Marc Gabriel Degryse (born 4 September 1965), nicknamed Le Lutin d'Ardooie ("The Lutin/Imp of Ardooie") and The Little One, is a Belgian retired professional footballer who played as a forward.

In a 19-year professional career he played mainly for Club Brugge and Anderlecht (six seasons apiece), making his senior debuts at 17 and scoring nearly 200 official goals both clubs combined to win a total of ten major titles. He also competed briefly in England for Sheffield Wednesday.

A Belgium international for 12 years, Degryse represented the nation in two World Cups.

Club career
Born in Roeselare, West Flanders, Degryse played with equal success in the Belgian Pro League with giants Club Brugge and Anderlecht, moving to the latter in 1989 for a then-record €2.25 million and proceeding to win five national championships combined, three in a row.

He moved for £1.5 million to Sheffield Wednesday in the 1995 summer, but left after just one season as an important unit in helping the English club's eventual escape from relegation, after a 15th-place finish. During his time in South Yorkshire, he and teammate Orlando Trustfull had a cameo role in Sheffield-based film The Full Monty, but the scenes did not make the final cut.

In the following two campaigns Degryse played in the Netherlands with PSV Eindhoven, where he often struggled with injuries. He retired in 2002 at the age of nearly 37, after spells back in his country with K.A.A. Gent and Germinal Beerschot, having played 540 professional matches and scored 209 goals.

Degryse returned to Club Brugge as a technical director the following year, before he eventually resigned due to bad results in late January 2007, alongside longtime former teammate, coach Franky Van der Elst.

International career
On the international level, Degryse played 63 matches with the Belgium national team and scored 23 goals. He was summoned for the squads at two FIFA World Cups: 1990 and 1994, netting twice in seven games.

Degryse's debut came just one day after his 19th birthday, in a friendly with Argentina.

International

 * Scores and results list Belgium's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Degryse goal.

Honours
Club Brugge
 * Belgian First Division: 1987–88
 * Belgian Cup: 1985–86
 * Belgian Super Cup: 1986
 * Bruges Matins: 1984

Anderlecht
 * Belgian First Division: 1990–91, 1992–93, 1993–94, 1994–95
 * Belgian Cup: 1993–94
 * Belgian Super Cup: 1993
 * European Cup Winners' Cup: runner-up 1989–90

PSV
 * Eredivisie: 1996–97
 * Johan Cruyff Shield: 1996, 1997
 * KNVB Cup: runner-up 1997–98

Individual
 * Man of the Season (Belgian First Division): 1987–88, 2000–01
 * Belgian Golden Shoe: 1991
 * Belgian Professional Footballer of the Year: 1987–88, 1989–90, 1994–95, 1999–2000
 * Sheffield Wednesday Player of the Year: 1995–96
 * Belgian Fair Play Award: 2000–01, 2001–02
 * Goal of the Season: 2000
 * Golden Shoe Lifetime Achievement Award: 2001
 * Platina Eleven (Best Team in 50 Years of Golden Shoe Winners) (2003)

title: Marc Degryse


text:
Category:Fictional bats

See also: Fictional vampires

title: Category:Fictional bats


text: User:ABA

title: User:ABA


text:
Talk:Hepburn (surname)

(I removed the redirect to Talk: Hepburn romanization)

Untitled
I personally think that this article should either be about Hepburn as the family name, with other parts moved to Hepburn (disambiguation), or that this should be left as the disambig page and the information at the top moved to Hepburn (family name) or Hepburn (name). Any thoughts? Either way, the link to Hepburn romanization in the very first line should be moved, it implies there's only one other thing to do with Hepburn, not many. Satan's Rubber Duck 19:33, 11 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I disagree. Hepburn romanization is not only a very common use of the word "Hepburn", but probably the only one where it's common to use the word "Hepburn" alone ("that document is written in Hepburn", "this IME supports Hepburn", etc).  If you look at what links here, you'll see dozens of Japanese articles doing just this. (Of course, they should be linking straight to Hepburn romanization, but this calls for a very visible redirect link, not something buried two pages down in the Hepburn family tree.) Jpatokal 12:03, 12 July 2006 (UTC)

 * OK, Japanese writing is admittedly an area I know absolutely nothing about, I hadn't heard of the term before. How about my first idea then - moving the large paragraphs to Hepburn (family name), replacing it with something like "Hepburn is also a common family name, go here for information on the history of the name". I don't normally mind when disambig pages have extra info on them, but this had enough that I didn't even realise it was a disambig page for a bit (hence my confusion). Satan's Rubber Duck 02:49, 14 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I think that the Hepburn is the most well known as the surname. Also, the changes made on the article were nearly all correct. I think that any person with an account, should be allowed to edit it as they please, as I am aware many Wikipedia administrators do not know about the topic of the surname, and it is mostly right. I also think that before the changes are deleted, the user should be consulted, so he can back up his evidence. 05hepburn4 13:36 10 July 2007 (05hepburn4 12:38, 10 July 2007 (UTC))

title: Talk:Hepburn (surname)