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Jayne Cortez

Jayne Cortez (May 10, 1934 – December 28, 2012) was an African-American poet, activist, small press publisher and spoken-word performance artist. Her writing is part of the canon of the Black Arts Movement. She was married to jazz saxophonist Ornette Coleman from 1954 to 1964, and their son is jazz drummer Denardo Coleman. In 1975, Cortez married painter, sculptor, and printmaker Melvin Edwards, and they lived in Dakar, Senegal, and New York City.

Biography
Jayne Cortez was born Sallie Jayne Richardson on the Army base at Fort Huachuca, Arizona, on May 10, 1934. Her father was a career soldier who served in both world wars; her mother was a secretary. Cortez was the second-born of three children, with an older sister and a younger brother.

At the age of seven, she moved to Los Angeles, where she grew up in the Watts district. Young Jayne Richardson reveled in the jazz and Latin recordings that her parents collected. She studied art, music and drama in high school. Later she attended Compton Community College, but dropped out of her course work due to financial difficulties.[11] She took the surname Cortez, the maiden name of her Filipino maternal grandmother, early in her artistic career.

In 1954, Cortez married jazz saxophonist Ornette Coleman when she was 18 years old. Their son Denardo, born in 1956, began drumming with his father while still a child and devoted his adult life to collaborating with both parents in their respective careers. In 1964, Cortez divorced Coleman and founded the Watts Repertory Theater Company, of which she served as artistic director until 1970.

Active in the struggle for civil rights, she collaborated with famous civil rights activist Fannie Lou Hamer and strongly advocated using art as a vehicle to push political causes, with her work being used to register black voters in Mississippi in the early 1960s. When reflecting on this time in a 1990 interview with D. H. Melhem, Cortez spoke of its influences on her work, saying: "Being unemployed and without food can make you very sad. But you weren't the problem. The problem existed before you knew there was a problem. The problem is the system, and you can organize, unify, and do something about the system. That's what I learned." She traveled throughout Europe and Africa, and moved to New York City in 1967.

In 1969, her first poetry collection, titled Pissstained Stairs and the Monkey Man's Wares, was published and Cortez went on to become the author of 11 other books of poems, and performed her poetry with music on nine recordings. Most of her work was issued under the auspices of Bola Press, a publishing company she founded in 1971. From 1977 to 1983, Cortez was an English teacher for Rutgers University.[3] She presented her work and ideas at universities, museums, and festivals in Africa, Asia, Europe, South America, the Caribbean and the United States. Her poems have been translated into 28 languages and widely published in anthologies, journals and magazines, including Mother Jones, Postmodern American Poetry (1994), Daughters of Africa (1992), Poems for the Millennium, and The Jazz Poetry Anthology.

In 1975, she married sculptor and printmaker Melvin Edwards, and they lived in Dakar, Senegal, and New York City. His work appeared in her publications as well as on some of her album covers. Cortez and Edwards maintained two residences, one in New York City and one in Dakar, Senegal, which Cortez said "really feels like home".

Cortez died of heart failure in Manhattan, New York, on December 28, 2012, aged 78.

Poetry and performance
The musicians with whom Cortez aligned herself reflected the sociopolitical and cultural elements to which she attached the greatest importance. Born in Fort Huachuca, Arizona, in 1934, she grew up near Los Angeles under the spell of her parents' jazz and blues record collection, which also included examples of Latin American dance bands and field recordings of indigenous American music. Raised in a musically artistic household, in "some of her poems about musicians, Cortez addresses the dark side of a life in music, exploring the addiction and loneliness that many believe are inherently linked to a life in the performing arts."[3] Early exposure to the recordings of Bessie Smith instilled in Cortez a deeply etched sense of female identity, which, combined with a strong will, shaped her into an uncommonly outspoken individual. She became transformed by the sounds of Duke Ellington, Sarah Vaughan, Charlie Parker, Dizzy Gillespie, and no-nonsense vocalist Dinah Washington, whose visceral approach to self-expression clearly encouraged the poet not to pull any punches.

Cortez, who respected the memory of independent performing artist Josephine Baker, preferred to name inspirations rather than influences, especially when discussing writers. Those with whom she identified included Langston Hughes, Aimé Césaire, Léon Damas, Christopher Okigbo, Henry Dumas, Amiri Baraka, and Richard Wright. Parallels with the ugly/beautiful poetics of Federico García Lorca also suggest themselves. Her words were usually written, chanted, and spoken in rhythmic repetition that resembled the intricate, tactile language of African and Caribbean drumming.

Most of her work from the early 1970s onwards was issued by Bola Press, the publishing company she founded. One of these early works, Festivals and Funerals (1971), while not as well known as Pissstained stairs and the Monkey Man's Wares, is considered significant for how much it derives from Cortez's personal experiences, as well as featuring "the voices of ordinary working people confronting social issues and weighing their role in fighting for change."[3] She cut her first album, Celebrations and Solitudes, at White Plains, New York, in 1974. A set of duets with bassist Richard Davis, it was released on the Strata-East label. The first Bola Press recording, taped in October 1979, was called Unsubmissive Blues and included a piece "For the Brave Young Students in Soweto." Cortez delivered her poetry backed by an electro-funk modern jazz group called the Firespitters, built around a core of guitarist Bern Nix, bassist Al McDowell, and drummer Denardo Coleman. For years, the Firespitters and Ornette Coleman's Prime Time coexisted, with Denardo as the axis, and various players participated in both units.

During the summer of 1982, Cortez delivered There It Is, an earthshaking album containing several pieces that truly define her artistry. These include: "I See Chano Pozo," a joyously evocative salute to Dizzy Gillespie's legendary Cuban percussionist (whom she saw at a concert in Wrigley Field, Los Angeles, when she was 14); a searing indictment of patriarchal violence called "If the Drum Is a Woman", and "US/Nigerian Relations", which consists of the sentence "They want the oil/but they don't want the people" chanted dervish-like over an escalating, electrified free jazz blowout. Recorded in 1986, her next album, Maintain Control, is especially memorable for Ornette Coleman's profoundly emotive saxophone on "No Simple Explanations", the unsettling "Deadly Radiation Blues", and the harshly gyrating "Economic Love Song", which is another of her tantrum-like repetition rituals, this time built around the words "Military spending, huge profits and death." Among several subsequent albums Cheerful & Optimistic (1994) stands out for the use of an African kora player and poignant currents of wistfulness during "Sacred Trees" and "I Wonder Who". Additionally, this album contains a convincing ode to anti-militarism in "War Devoted to War" and the close-to-the-marrow mini-manifestos "Samba Is Power" and "Find Your Own Voice". In 1996, her album Taking the Blues Back Home was released on Harmolodic/Verve; Borders of Disorderly Time, which appeared in 2002, featured guest artists Bobby Bradford, Ron Carter, and James Blood Ulmer.

Cortez appeared on screen in the films Women in Jazz and Poetry in Motion by Ron Mann.

Her impact upon the development of spoken-word performance art during the late 20th century has yet to be intelligently recognized. In some ways her confrontational political outspokenness and dead-serious cathartic performance technique place Cortez in league with Judith Malina and The Living Theater. According to the online African-American Registry, "her ability to push the acceptable limits of expression to address issues of race, sex and homophobia place her in a category that few other women occupy."

Organization of Women Writers of Africa
In 1991, along with Ghanaian writer Ama Ata Aidoo, Cortez co-founded the Organization of Women Writers of Africa (OWWA), and served as its president for many years thereafter, with board members including J. e. Franklin, Cheryll Y. Greene, Rashidah Ismaili, and Louise Meriwether, Maya Angelou, Rosamond S. King, Margaret Busby, Gabrielle Civil, Alexis De Veaux, LaTasha N. Diggs, Zetta Elliott, Donette Francis, Paula Giddings, Renée Larrier, Tess Onwueme, Coumba Touré, Maryse Condé, Nancy Morejón, and Sapphire.

In 1997, OWAA organized at New York University "the first major international conference devoted to the evaluation and celebration of literature from around the world by women of African descent". Cortez directed Yari Yari: Black Women Writers and the Future (1999), which documented panels, readings and performances held during that conference. She was also organizer of Slave Routes: The Long Memory (2000) and Yari Yari Pamberi: Black Women Writers Dissecting Globalization (2004), both international conferences held at New York University.

Until shortly before her death, Cortez had been planning an OWAA international symposium of women writers to be held in Accra, Ghana. Yari Yari Ntoaso: Continuing the Dialogue took place as scheduled, in her honour, May 16–19, 2013.

Tributes
A memorial celebration of her life, organised by her family on February 6, 2013, at the Cooper Union Foundation Building, included tributes by Amiri Baraka, Danny Glover, Robin Kelley, Genna Rae McNeil, Quincy Troupe, Steve Dalachinsky, George Campbell Jr., Eugene Redmond, Rashidah Ismaili, and Manthia Diawara, as well as musical contributions by Randy Weston, T. K. Blue and The Firespitters.

The Spring 2013 issue of The Black Scholar (Vol. 43, No. 1/2) was dedicated to Cortez's memory and work.

In London, England, on July 19, 2013, a tribute event was held, with featured artists including John Agard, Jean "Binta" Breeze, Denardo Coleman, Zena Edwards, Linton Kwesi Johnson, Grace Nichols, Deirdre Pascall, Keith Waithe, Margaret Busby, and others.

Selected awards

 * 1970, Rockefeller Foundation grant
 * 1980, American Book Award for Mouth on Paper
 * 1987, National Endowment for the Arts
 * 1994, Fannie Lou Hamer Award
 * 1996, Arts International Award
 * International African Festival Award
 * 2001, Langston Hughes Medal
 * New York Foundation for the Arts

Poetry books

 * 52 pp.
 * 44pp.
 * 64pp.
 * 63pp.
 * 47pp.
 * With Ted Joans, Merveilleux Coup de Foudre [1982], in French, translated by Ms. Ila Errus and M. Sila Errus, Paris: Handshake Editions.
 * 112pp. UK: Pluto, 1985, ISBN 978-0-7453-0078-8
 * 64pp.
 * 32pp.
 * 122pp.
 * 115pp.
 * 104pp.
 * 131pp.

Discography

 * Celebrations & Solitudes: The Poetry of Jayne Cortez & Richard Davis, Bassist (Strata-East, 1974)
 * Unsubmissive Blues (Bola Press, 1979)
 * Poets Read their Contemporary Poetry: Before Columbus Foundation (Smithsonian Folkways, 1980)
 * Life is a Killer (compilation on Giorno Poetry Systems, 1982)
 * There It Is (Bola Press, 1982)
 * Maintain Control (Bola Press, 1986)
 * Everywhere Drums (Bola Press, 1990)
 * Poetry & Music: Women in (E)Motion Festival (Tradition & Moderne Musikproducktion, Germany, 1992)
 * Cheerful & Optimistic (Bola Press, 1994)
 * Taking the Blues Back Home (Harmolodic/Verve, 1996)
 * Borders of Disorderly Time (Bola Press, 2002)
 * Find Your Own Voice: Poetry and Music, 1982–2003 (Bola Press, 2004)
 * As If You Knew (Bola Press, 2011)

Videos

 * Tribeca TV Series (David J. Burke, 1993)
 * I'm Gonna Shake (Sanctuary TV, 2010)
 * She Got He Got (Sanctuary TV, 2010)
 * Find Your Own Voice (Sanctuary TV, 2010)

Filmography

 * Poetry in Motion (1982)
 * Ornette: Made in America (1985)
 * Yari Yari: Black Women Writers and the Future (1999)
 * Femmes du Jazz/Women in Jazz (2000)

Critical reviews, interviews, and scholarly references

 * Anderson III, T. J. Notes to Make the Sound Come Right: Four Innovators of Jazz Poetry. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press, 2004.
 * Benston, Kimberly W. "Renovating blackness: Remembrance and revolution in the Coltrane Poem". Performing Blackness: Enactments of African-American Modernism. London: Routledge, 2000.
 * Bolden, Tony. Afro-blue: Improvisations in African American Poetry and Culture. Urbana: Illinois University Press, 2004.
 * Boyd, Herb. "Everywhere Drums", The Black Scholar. 21.4 (1991): 41.
 * Brown, Kimberly N. "Return to the Flesh: The Revolutionary Ideology behind the Poetry of Jayne Cortez". Writing the Black Revolutionary Diva: Women's Subjectivity and the Decolonizing Text. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2010.
 * Clarke, Cheryl. "After Mecca": Women Poets and the Black Arts Movement. New Brunswick, N.J: Rutgers University Press, 2005.
 * Feinstein, Sascha. Ask Me Now: Conversations on Jazz & Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2007.
 * Feinstein, Sascha. Jazz Poetry: From the 1920s to the Present. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1997.
 * Ford, Karen. "On Cortez's Poetry". Modern American Poetry.
 * Iannapollo, Robert. "Jayne Cortez/Firespitters, Cheerful & Optimistic, Bola 9401", Cadence. 21.2 (1995): 96–97.
 * Jones, Meta D. E. The Muse Is Music: Jazz Poetry from the Harlem Renaissance to Spoken Word. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2011.
 * Kingan, Renee M. Taking It Out!': Jayne Cortez's Collaborations with the Firespitters", in Thompson, Gordon. Black Music, Black Poetry: Blues and Jazz's Impact on African American Versification. London: Ashgate, 2014.
 * Lavazzi, Tom. "Echoes of DuBois: The Crisis Writings and Jayne Cortez’s Earlier Poetry". Blevins, Jacob. Dialogism and Lyric Self-Fashioning: Bakhtin and the Voices of a Genre. Selinsgrove, Pa: Susquehanna University Press, 2008.
 * McCarthy, Albert J. "Jazz and Poetry", Jazz Monthly. 3.10 (December 1957): 9–10.
 * Melhem, D. H. "A MELUS Profile and Interview: Jayne Cortez", MELUS. 21.1 (1996): 71–79.
 * Meehan, Kevin. "Red Pepper Poetry: Jayne Cortez and Cross-Cultural Saturation", People Get Ready: African American and Caribbean Cultural Exchange. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2009.
 * Melhem, D. H. Heroism in the New Black Poetry: Introductions and Interviews. Lexington: Kentucky University Press, 1990.
 * Nielsen, Aldon Lynn. Integral Music: Languages of African American Innovation. Tuscaloosa: Alabama University Press, 2004.
 * Pareles, Jon. "Setting Agitprop Poetry To the Beat of Current Jazz", The New York Times March 25, 1991: C14.
 * Rambsy, Howard. The Black Arts Enterprise and the Production of African American Poetry. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2011.
 * Richmond, Norman. "Jayne Cortez: 'It's What We've Been Doing All Our Lives, Fuse. 6.1–2 (1982): 73–76.
 * Ruffin, Kimberly N. "Dispatch from a Diaspora's Daughter: an Interview with Jayne Cortez", Abafazi. 13.1 (2005): 13–16.
 * Ruffin, Kimberly N. Freedom of Expression' Meet Jayne Cortez", Footsteps. 7.2 (2005): 27.
 * Ryan, Jennifer D. "Talk to Me: Ecofeminist Disruptions in the Jazz Poetry of Jayne Cortez", Post-Jazz Poetics: A Social History. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.
 * Sakolsky, Ron. "Firespitter: Jayne Cortez and the Poetics of Diasporic Resistance", LiP Magazine, November 5, 2004.
 * Wilmer, Val. "Jayne Cortez: the Unsubmissive Blues", CODA. 230 (1990): 16–19.
 * Wilson, John S. "Music: Poetry and Jazz", The New York Times. June 9, 1970: 36.
 * Woessner, Warren. "Unsubmissive Blues", Small Press Review. 15.3 (1981).
 * Woods, Luke. "Cortez McAndless Distinguished Professor Poet to grace EMU with her Lyrical Stylings", Echo Online.

title: Jayne Cortez


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Talk:József Mindszenty

USA Embassy Exile
I dont understand, where he lived during period 1956-1971; in US. Embassy in Budapest?? Could somebody clear this up? User:Jugoslaven 27.VIII. 20005. 14:09 CET
 * Yes, this is true. I fixed some other errors using http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3zsef_Mindszenty. -- Hreid 16:49, 27 September 2005 (UTC)

A controversial person? Why?

Mindszenty went to the U.S. Embassy as a place of refuge, and the U.S. Government offered him sanctuary. Had Mindszenty actually left the embassy at any time, he would have been arrested by Hungary's Communist government. It was only in 1971, when the Hungarian government agreed to allow Mindszenty to leave the country, that he left the embassy.

The United States Embassy in Budapest has moved since the time Mindszenty was exiled there! The photo on this page is of the current United States Embassy. But I understand Mindszenty was exiled here in this building: http://goo.gl/maps/2Ecr1 ,close to the current French Embassy and across the street from a large plaza - "Hosok tere".

Initially he was in refuge at the U.S. Legation in Hungary. The legation was upgraded to an embassy in 1966. — Preceding unsigned comment added by RobertFritzius (talk • contribs) 15:04, 14 November 2018 (UTC)

Expanded.
Added info on controversy, structured, a little bit expanded. Mindszenty was much like Ratzinger is. 195.70.32.136 15:41, 11 May 2006 (UTC)

Fawning POV
This entire page is moving towards a fawning POV regarding Mindszenty. There is too much rewriuting of the criticism to red-bait critics and soften the controversy, expecially regarding his tolerance of antisemitic attacks.--Cberlet 02:11, 24 March 2007 (UTC)
 * It is pretty strange, isn't it? Nothing at all about his trial, confession, or the brainwashing allegations?  Mindszenty confessed that he had orchestrated the theft of Hungary's crown jewels (including the Crown of Saint Stephen) with the explicit purpose of crowning Otto Von Hapsburg emporer of Eastern Europe.  He admitted that he had schemed to remove the Communist government; that he had planned a Third World War, and that, once this war was won by the Americans, he himself would assume political power in Hungary.  Why isn't this information in the article?  It's really weird.  I have added  as such.  74.140.211.161 16:11, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

Is "Brainwash: The Secret History of Mind Control" a good enough source to claim that the cardinal was trying to orchestrate a brand new world war? I'd recommended softening the modality of the language unless there's a primary document from him confessing as such, or even something as another source. 71.7.219.16 (talk) 02:49, 1 February 2011 (UTC)

 * Prior to his "confession" a smuggled letter from him purported to say that the prosecutors could get him, using "mind drugs" and other means of persuasion, "to say anything." The arrest was clearly political. The crown jewel theft probably a bunch of obvious poppycock. But things tended to "disappear" at the end of a war. Remember all the stuff that disappeared from Iraq museums? It's likely that "someone" might have taken charge of certain valuables. Crowning an unpopular Hapsburg seems a bit much. But remember, that most people are entitled to political opinions, even unpopular ones, outside of totalitarian regimes. The problem for anti-Communists was to come up with might seem like a viable alternative to Communist rule, however silly it seems to us today.

 * No doubt the anti-Communists wanted the war to continue into Eastern Europe, but Americans and English had had a bellyful and it wasn't in the cards. The Eastern Europeans most likely couldn't understand this. Student7 (talk) 14:25, 3 February 2011 (UTC)
 * As a Hungarian patriot Cardinal Mindszenty would never have crowned an "Emperor of Eastern Europe" or even of Austria. Emperor, in this context, is an Austrian title! If anything, he would have crowned an Apostolic King of Hungary with precisely this title. --93.134.218.225 (talk) 17:36, 29 March 2012 (UTC)

Under Church leader and opposition to communism it labels George Seldes as Marxist. Wikipedia's bio of Seldes doesn't so label him, and it seems to me that doing so here is a matter of justifying the hagiography of Mindszenty. Seldes is not known for having distorted truth to accord with whatever political views he had, but what would I know. The problem is that in so clearly being biased and fawning a biography will be rejected as a reference by any scholar who may stop reading and will look elsewhere. Andygx (talk) 16:56, 19 July 2015 (UTC)

 * rm one label on Seldes, which seemed unnecessary to the sentence. Labeled him a communist sympathizer, though his bio suggests that he was pro-Stalinist, and a lot worse, IMO. Hardly npov, that's for sure. Student7 (talk) 22:52, 28 July 2015 (UTC)

I checked the sources: some failed verification. I confirm it to be fawning POV in places. I further removed the "communist sympathizer" laber and wikified it so that readers can check for themselves. Zezen (talk) 12:35, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Native name?
In article is written:

 * It is not exactly: His native name was József (or Josef) Pehm. (See:Hungarian Wikipedia too)--Stebunik (talk) 18:48, 14 October 2013 (UTC)

De: Der spätere Kardinal-Primas und „letzter großer Märtyrer des Kreuzzuges gegen den Kommunismus und Atheismus” wurde als József Pehm geboren. Als er 1941 als Protest seinen deutschen Familiennamen ablegte, nannte er sich nach seinem Geburtsort – Mindszenty.

 * En:Later Cardinal-Primas and "the last great martyr of the crusade against communism and atheism" was born as József Pehm. When he took off in 1941 as a protest to (German nazism) his German family name, he called himself after his birthplace - Mindszenty

correct pronunciation of the name?
hungarian-speaking linguists, please add in IPA pronunciation of his name. is it /juzef mindsentj/ or smth similar? BirgittaMTh (talk) 09:51, 26 September 2015 (UTC)
 * I am neither, but it is /jo:ʒɛf mindsɛnti/ (not /mindsɛnc/). --Gwafton (talk) 23:58, 27 September 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on József Mindszenty. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20060509102242/http://www.freeweb.hu:80/eszmelet/34/baloghs34.html to http://www.freeweb.hu/eszmelet/34/baloghs34.html

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Cheers. —cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 02:09, 19 October 2015 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 20:46, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

Hungarian Parliament labelled as "puppet parliament" in 1946
"He continued to use the traditional title of prince-primate (hercegprímás) even after the use of noble and royal titles was outlawed by the puppet parliament of 1946." This characterization of the Parliament as a puppet is inaccurate, as during this time, the Független Kisgazdapárt (FkGP) held power with a 50% majority in Parliament. Although the government itself had Communist influence, the Parliament was not controlled by the Communists, as they only took over a year later in 1947. Trigoloki44 (talk) 00:54, 29 March 2024 (UTC)

Antisemitism
Mindszenty was an antisemite that backed efforts that culminated in the Hungarian Holocaust. The article implies this isn’t the case, that only a lone reporter claimed it. Please see https://www.yadvashem.org/articles/academic/the-christian-churches-of-hungary-and-the-holocaust.html Philip.e.kahn (talk) 15:23, 16 May 2024 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:József Mindszenty


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List of Chinese flags

This is a list of flags of entities named or related to "China".

Proposed national flags of the People's Republic of China
In July 1949, a contest was announced for a national flag for the newly founded People's Republic of China (PRC). From a total of about 3,000 proposed designs, 38 finalists were chosen. In September, the current flag, submitted by Zeng Liansong, was officially adopted, with the hammer and sickle removed.

City and county flags
As of 18 November 1997, the Chinese Government banned localities from making and using local flags and emblems. Despite the ban, some cities have adopted their own flag that often includes their local emblem as shown below. The ROC-controlled areas continues to use the respective flags.

Provinces
The PRC-controlled mainland does not have provincial flags, but the ROC-controlled area has a flag for one of its two provinces.

Misattributed flags
This is a list of incorrect or fictitious flags which have been reported on as being factual and/or historical flags by contemporary or otherwise reputable sources or popularized on the Internet.

In 2012, Vietnam mistakenly used the 6-star flag for China (1 big and 5 small stars) during the visit of the President of China.

title: List of Chinese flags


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Soccer in South Australia

Soccer in South Australia is a popular participation and spectator sport. It is primarily organised by Football South Australia, a member of Football Australia.

National representation
Since 2003, South Australia has been solely represented by Adelaide United. Initially debuting in the final season of the National Soccer League, Adelaide United became one of the founding members of the A-League, now A-League Men. Prior to their foundation, Adelaide City and West Adelaide represented South Australia in the National Soccer League. Adelaide City withdrew from the league in 2003, which made way for Adelaide United to take its place. West Adelaide ran into financial in the 90s, causing it to drop in and out of the national league, before folding.

Outside of the national league representatives, 16 other clubs have also represented the state in the national Australia Cup (1962–1968), NSL Cup, National Premier Leagues and the current Australia Cup competitions; Adelaide Blue Eagles, Adelaide Comets, Adelaide Croatia Raiders, Adelaide Olympic, Campbelltown City, Croydon FC, Cumberland United, FK Beograd, Modbury Jets, Noarlunga United, North Eastern MetroStars, Para Hills Knights, Salisbury United, West Torrens Birkalla and the now defunct teams; Enfield City, and Seacliffe Austria.

State competitions
The first tier of South Australian football is the National Premier Leagues South Australia. Founded in 1903 under the South Australian British Football Association, the competition has been played every year since, outside of 1916–18 for World War I and 1942 for World War II. Known as the First Division from its inception up until 1993, it settled to between 8 and 12 teams in its later years, as well as having a finals competition. In 1994, eight teams took part in the inaugural Premier League. With the South Australian Soccer Federation becoming the Football Federation South Australia, the FFSA Super League became the premier competition in the state. In 2013 with the national curriculum being implemented by Football Federation Australia, the first division would become the National Premier Leagues South Australia. Initially contested by 14 teams, 12 teams currently compete. Below the National Premier Leagues is State League One and State League Two, both currently contested by 12 teams.

The Women's National Premier Leagues South Australia is the first division of women's soccer in the state. It is currently contested by ten teams, with a five team finals series. Below it is the Women's State League, also contested by 10 teams, it is the only South Australian competition without a finals series, instead having a promotion/relegation playoff between the second placed team and the ninth placed team from the WNPL.

Cup competitions
The main knockout tournament in South Australia is the Federation Cup. Founded in 1907 as the Webb-Harris Cup, the competition has been contested every year, outside of the hiatuses of World War I and II, 1948–49 and 2020. All teams from the National Premier Leagues South Australia, State League One and State League Two must participate. Teams from the South Australian Amateur Soccer League and South Australian Regional Leagues can nominate to enter. Since 2014, the competition has served as the preliminary rounds to the Australia Cup.

Prior to 2013, many secondary cup competitions took place, including the Night Series, founded in 1953, its most notable stint was as the Ampol Cup from 1960 until 1994. The Top Four Cup, known as the Coca-Cola Cup, which was contested by the top four teams from the first division season. It first took place in 1970, and was later replaced by an official finals series in 1994.

Between 1934 and 1961, with a break for the war, the Pozza Cup was contested by teams from the first division. The lower divisions had their own editions, with the second division cup being called the Pozza Cup for its first edition in 1936, later becoming the Jaxen Cup in 1961, and the John Martins Cup from 1971, until its final edition in 1979. The third division's cup was known as the Gregory Cup from 1949 until 1959, when it was replaced with the Rowley Cup from 1956 until its demise after 1979.

Venues
In 1938, the association became the first sporting body in the Commonwealth to purchase outright, sufficient land as its own recreational ground, when they purchased Rowley Park. The purchase of the 10 acre area left the association in massive debt, as it cost a reported £76/10/6, approximately $7,700 in 2022, accounting for inflation. In the same minutes where this was reported, they also took out a £1000 loan from The Football Association, to help pay off their debt and to improve the facilities. After the redevelopments, Rowley Park could hold up to 20,000 spectators. However, the purchase of Rowley Park caused the association to lose their lease on Hindmarsh Oval. The surface of Rowley Park was unsuitable for soccer, however, and it was later leased out to be used as a speedway.

In the 1960s, Kensington Oval was redeveloped, and became the home of Adelaide Juventus. It would host soccer games until Adelaide City moved to Hindmarsh Stadium in 1986. Since then, it has been used exclusively for cricket.

In 1977, West Adelaide became one of the two clubs to represent South Australia in the National Soccer League, playing their home games at Hindmarsh Stadium. Throughout the latter part of the decade, the stadium would be upgraded from one grandstand to four, currently having a capacity of 16,000. From 1986, Adelaide City also played their home games at Hindmarsh Stadium. Both teams remained at the ground until their eventual withdrawals from the national league, where Adelaide United became the sole tenant of the stadium. The stadium also hosted Federation Cup and National Premier Leagues SA grand finals, before the completion of the State Centre for Football in 2022.

In 2021, construction began for the State Centre for Football, a facility owned by Football South Australia. It was completed in mid-2022, and hosted games in the National Premier Leagues SA, Federation Cup, Australia Cup, as well as grand finals from State League One and State League Two. The Federation holds a 99-year lease on the venue and has plans to expand the complex.

title: Soccer in South Australia


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Lawrence W. Johnston

Major Lawrence Waterbury Johnston (12 October 1871–27 April 1958) was a British garden designer and plantsman. He was the owner and designer of two influential gardens – Hidcote Manor Garden in Britain and Jardin Serre de la Madone in France.

Biography
Lawrence Waterbury Johnston was born on 12 October 1871 in Paris, France, into a family of wealthy American East Coast stockbrokers from Baltimore. He was educated at home, and from 1893 in Britain at the University of Cambridge (Trinity College).

In January 1900, not long after his graduation, he became a naturalised British subject, and he immediately joined the Imperial Yeomanry. In February he was posted to South Africa, where he fought in the Second Boer War. He was commissioned in 1901. It was at this time that he developed his interest in South African flora. The Royal Horticultural Society elected him as a fellow in 1904.

In 1907 Johnston's mother (now Mrs. Winthrop) bought Hidcote Manor, an estate of some 300 acres, near Hidcote Bartram, in Britain; and Johnston began a programme of 40 years' work on its gardens. Here he combined a feeling for structure (creating a surprising series of discrete spaces) with a love of plants and a willingness to experiment with novel plant combinations. An enthusiastic plant collector, he sponsored or undertook several expeditions in Europe, Asia, Africa and South America to bring back rare specimens. In 1922 he went plant-hunting in the alps with Edward Augustus Bowles; and in 1923 sponsored W. T. Goethe on a plant-hunting expedition to the Andes.

He was a close friend of socialite garden designer Norah Lindsay, whose home was nearby in Sutton Courtenay Manor, Oxfordshire.

In 1924 Johnston bought Serre de la Madone, near Menton, on the Mediterranean coast of France; and from then on would spend most of the year at Menton and a few summer months at Hidcote. At Serre de la Madone he turned terraces of vines and olives into a garden bright with drifts of agapanthus and strelitzia.

From 1945 Johnston spent more time at Serre de la Madone, and in 1948 the National Trust acquired Hidcote.

Johnston died on 27 April 1958. He is buried next to his mother in the churchyard at Mickleton, near Hidcote. He left his garden at Serre de la Madone to Nancy Lindsay, the daughter of Norah Lindsay.

title: Lawrence W. Johnston


text: Category:Algerian poets

title: Category:Algerian poets


text:
Jean Amrouche

Jean el Mouhouv Amrouche (7 February 1906 in Ighil Ali, Algeria – 16 April 1962 in Paris, France) was an Algerian francophone writer, poet and journalist.

Biography
Jean el Mouhouv Amrouche was born February 7, 1906, in Ighil Ali, in the valley of Soumman, in petite Kabylie to a Kabyle Roman Catholic family. Amrouche emigrated with his family to Tunisia while still young. Jean had his secondary education at Alaoui college and then left for the Ecole Normale Superieure de Saint-Cloud. He intends to become a teacher. The poet Armand Guibert made him known in Tunisia by publishing his two collections of poems, Cendres (poems 1928–1934) in 1934 and Étoile secrète in 1937. He wrote at that time (poems, literary criticism) in Tunisian journals and gave lectures at the Cercle de l'Essor in Tunis. For several years with his friend Armand Guibert, he visited many countries in Europe. In 1943, he joined the Ministry of Information in Algiers, then the Radiodiffusion Française.

He was the older brother of fellow writer Taos Amrouche. Both were the children of Fadhma Aït Mansour, author of History of My Life. He was Catholic.

He died on 16 April 1962 at his home in Paris; he is buried in Sargé-sur-Braye in Loir-et-Cher.

Selected works

 * Chants Berbères de Kabylie, 1939
 * Etoile Secrète, 1937
 * Cendres : poèmes, 1928–1934, 1934

title: Jean Amrouche


text: Template:User tvl-1

title: Template:User tvl-1


text:
Joseph Hunter (antiquarian)

Joseph Hunter (6 February 1783 – 9 May 1861) was a Unitarian Minister, antiquarian, and deputy keeper of public records now best known for his publications ''Hallamshire. The History and Topography of the Parish of Sheffield in the County of York, the two-volume South Yorkshire (a history of the Deanery of Doncaster)'', still considered among the best works written on the history of Sheffield and South Yorkshire, and his 1852 pamphlet on Robin Hood in which he argued that a servant of this name at the court of Edward II was identical with the famous outlaw. His name was adopted by the Hunter Archaeological Society.

Biography
Hunter was born in Sheffield on 6 February 1783 to cutler Michael Hunter (1759–1831) and Elizabeth Girdler (1761–1787) in a house on the north side of New Church Street (a site now occupied by the Town Hall). Following the death of his mother in 1787 he was placed under the guardianship of Joseph Evans, a minister at Upper Chapel. He went to school in Attercliffe and subsequently served an apprenticeship as a cutler, obtaining his freedom of the Cutler's Company in September 1804. However, in 1805 he left Sheffield to study theology at Manchester College in York.

In 1809 he moved to Bath to take up a post as a Unitarian Minister at Trim Street Chapel, there he met and married Mary Hayward, with whom he would have six children, one of whom, Sylvester Joseph Hunter, converted to Catholicism and became a Jesuit priest. In 1833 he moved to London to work at the Record Commission as Assistant Keeper of Public Records. In 1843, he was granted a coat of arms and chose as his motto Vita si Cervina (avoid me if you are a deer). He was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1856. He died in 1861 and is buried at Ecclesfield Parish Church in Sheffield.

From his schooldays onwards, he had been an enthusiastic collector of memorial inscriptions and similar genealogical gleanings. At the time of his death, much of his research remained unpublished. His papers were deposited in the British Museum (now the British Library). Between 1894 and 1896, the Harleian Society published four volumes of his collection of pedigrees under the title Familiae Minorum Gentium.

Hunter Archaeological Society
The Hunter Archaeological Society, which was formed in 1912 "to study and report on the archaeology, history and architecture of South Yorkshire and North Derbyshire", was named in his honour.

List of publications (excluding articles and papers)

 * The Ameliorated Condition of the Poor one Benefit derived to the World from Christianity (1811)
 * A Tribute to the Memory of the Rev. John Simpson (1813)
 * Who Wrote Cavendish's Life of Wolsey? (1815)
 * Scripture the Delight and Guide of the Unitarian Christian (1817)
 * The Deist, the Christian, and the Unitarian (1819)
 * Hallamshire: the History and Topography of the Parish of Sheffield in the County of York (1819)
 * Golden Sentences: a Manual that may be used by all who desire to be Moral and Religious (1826)
 * South Yorkshire: the History and Topography of the Deanery of Doncaster, in the Diocese and County of York. 2 vols. (1828–31)
 * The Life of Sir Thomas More, by his Great-Grandson Cresacre More (1828) (ed. J. Hunter)
 * The Hallamshire Glossary (1829) (compiled by J. Hunter)
 * The Diary of Ralph Thoresby, F.R.S. 2 vols. (1830) (ed. J. Hunter)
 * Letters of Eminent Men addressed to Ralph Thoresby, F.R.S. 2 vols. (1832) (ed. J. Hunter)
 * English Monastic Libraries (1831) (compiled by J. Hunter)
 * Magnum Rotulum Scaccarii, vel Magnum Rotulum Pipæ [etc.] (1833) (ed. J. Hunter)
 * Rotuli Selecti ad res Anglicas et Hibernicas (1834) (ed. J. Hunter)
 * The Attorney-General versus Shore (1834)
 * Fines sive Pedes Finium [etc.] 2 vols. (1835–42) (ed. J. Hunter)
 * A Letter to Patrick Frazer Tytler, Esq., etc. (1837)
 * Three Catalogues describing the Contents of the Red Book of the Exchequer [etc.] (1838) (compiled by J. Hunter)
 * A Disquisition on the Scene, Origin, Date, etc. of Shakespeare's "Tempest" (1839)
 * A Few Words in Reply to the Animadversions of the Rev. Mr. Dyce on Mr. Hunter's "Disquisitions on The Tempest" [etc.] (1853)
 * Ecclesiastical Documents (1840) (ed. J. Hunter)
 * A True Account of the Alienation and Recovery of the Estates of the Offleys of Norton, in 1754 (1841)
 * The Rise of the Old Dissent exemplified by the Life of Oliver Heywood, 1630–1702 (1842)
 * The Diary of Dr. Thomas Cartwright, Bishop of Chester (1843) (ed. J. Hunter)
 * Gens Sylvestrina: Memorials of some of my good and Religious Ancestors (1846)
 * Notes of an English Traveller during a Two Days' Sojourn at Ober-Wesel, on the Rhine (1847)
 * Collections Concerning the Early History of the Founders of New Plymouth, the first Colonists of New England (1849)
 * Agincourt: a Contribution towards an Authentic List of the Commanders of the English Host [etc.] (1850)
 * Milton: a Sheaf of Gleanings after his Biographers and Annotators (1850)
 * Antiquarian Notices of Lupset, the Heath, Sharlston, and Ackton (1851)
 * The Great Hero of the Ancient Minstrelsy of England, Robin Hood; his Period, real Character, etc., investigated and perhaps ascertained (1852)
 * The Connection of Bath with the Literature and Science of England (1853)
 * Collections Concerning the Church or Congregation of Protestant Separatists formed at Scrooby, the Founders of New Plymouth [etc.] (1854)
 * New Illustrations of the Life, Studies, and Writings of Shakespeare. 2 vols. (1854)
 * Pope: his Descent and Family Connections (1857)

title: Joseph Hunter (antiquarian)


text:
Canterbury of New Zealand

Canterbury of New Zealand (commonly referred to simply as Canterbury) is a New Zealand sports equipment manufacturing company focused on rugby. The company originated from the Canterbury region in New Zealand.

Canterbury of New Zealand was established in 1904, producing garments in Canterbury, New Zealand. The company made military uniforms during the First World War, before producing kit for the All Blacks. The brand's tagline is "Committed To The Game". Its logo is the silhouettes of three kiwi birds creating the letters CCC; the initials of the Canterbury Clothing Company and representing the three people who founded the company.

The head office is in Avondale, Auckland, New Zealand; the global headquarters are located in Stockport, UK; and satellite offices in Sydney and Brisbane, Australia.

Rugby products manufactured by Canterbury include jersey uniforms, protection (head protectors and mouthguards), boots, and balls. The company also produces casual wear clothing (shorts, t-shirts, polo shirts, pants, jackets, hoodies, socks), and accessories (bags, backpacks, hats, scarves)

History
Canterbury of New Zealand was established in 1904 by three English immigrants, John Lane, Pringle Walker and Alfred Rudkin. The company began producing garments in Canterbury, New Zealand. Canterbury then began making uniforms for the New Zealand and Australian armies during the First World War. Later, the brand was approached to make rugby attire for the All Blacks.

In 2006, Canterbury sold its South African operations to investment group House of Monatic, which set up Canterbury South Africa to run these operations under licence.

The European arm, Canterbury Europe Ltd, based in Stockport, was purchased by JD Sports in 2009, then sold on in 2012 to sports and fashion retail group Pentland Group for £22.7m.

National teams

 * 🇳🇿 new zealand (until 2024, then switching to Castore

Club teams

 * 🏴 Durham

Club teams

 * 🏴 Buxton

National teams

 * British and Irish Lions

Club teams

 * 🇦🇷 Alumni
 * 🇦🇷 Champagnat
 * 🇦🇷 Ateneo Cultural y Deportivo Don Bosco
 * 🇦🇷 Hindú Club
 * 🇦🇷 Dogos XV
 * 🇦🇷 Pampas XV
 * 🇦🇷 Buenos Aires Cricket & Rugby Club
 * 🇦🇷 Club Newman
 * 🇦🇷 Club Pucará
 * 🇦🇷 San Isidro Club
 * 🇦🇺 Brothers Sunshine Coast
 * 🇦🇺 Noosa Dolphins
 * 🇦🇺 Queensland Reds
 * 🇧🇷 SPAC
 * 🏴 Cambridge R.U.F.C.
 * 🏴 Richmond F.C.
 * 🏴 London Scottish F.C.
 * 🇩🇪 Berlin Irish RFC
 * 🇮🇹 Mogliano
 * 🇮🇹 Parma (From 2023 -2024 season)
 * 🇮🇹 Petrarca Rugby
 * 🇮🇹 Udine
 * 🇯🇵 Sunwolves
 * 🇯🇵 Toshiba Brave Lupus
 * 🇰🇷 Samsung Heavy Industries
 * 🇰🇷 Seoul Survivors
 * 🇳🇿 Taranaki
 * Rotterdamse Studenten
 * Leidsch Studenten Rugby Gezelschap
 * 🇱🇰 Ceylonese RFC
 * 🇱🇰 Kandy
 * 🇿🇦 Falcons
 * 🇿🇦 Griffons
 * 🇿🇦 Golden Lions
 * 🇺🇸 Washington Irish

Associations

 * 🇬🇧 Royal Navy RU
 * 🇬🇧 Royal Air Force RU
 * 🇳🇿 Auckland RU

National teams

 * 🇦🇺 Australia

Former sponsorships

 * 🇳🇿 New Zealand All Blacks
 * 🇳🇿 Blues
 * 🇳🇿 Chiefs
 * 🇳🇿 Crusaders
 * 🇳🇿 Highlanders
 * 🇳🇿 Hurricanes
 * 🇳🇿 Auckland Rugby Football Union
 * 🇳🇿 Manawatu Rugby
 * 🇳🇿 Waikato Rugby
 * 🇳🇿 Otago rugby
 * 🇳🇿 North Harbour Rugby
 * 🇳🇿 Counties Manukau Rugby
 * 🇳🇿 New Zealand Warriors (NRL team)
 * 🏴 Scotland
 * 🏴 Glasgow Warriors
 * 🇿🇦 South Africa
 * 🇿🇦 Lions
 * 🇿🇦 Sharks
 * 🇿🇦 Cheetahs
 * 🇿🇦 Southern Kings
 * 🏴 England
 * 🏴 Bath Rugby
 * 🏴 Oxford University Rugby
 * 🇷🇺 Russia
 * Leinster Rugby
 * Munster Rugby
 * Ulster Rugby
 * 🏴 Cardiff Blues
 * 🏴 Ospreys
 * 🏴 Leicester Tigers
 * 🇯🇵 Suntory Sungoliath
 * 🇦🇺 Australia
 * 🇦🇺 Canberra Raiders
 * 🇦🇺 Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs
 * 🇦🇺 Melbourne Storm
 * 🇦🇺 Newcastle Knights
 * 🇦🇺 North Queensland Cowboys
 * 🇦🇺 Parramatta Eels
 * 🇦🇺 St George Dragons
 * 🇦🇺 St George Illawarra Dragons
 * 🇦🇺 Melbourne Football Club
 * 🇦🇺 North Melbourne Kangaroos
 * 🇦🇺 Western Bulldogs
 * 🇦🇺 Brumbies
 * 🇦🇺 Waratahs
 * 🇫🇷 Lille OSC
 * 🏴 Portsmouth
 * 🇪🇸 Deportivo de La Coruña
 * AZ Alkmaar
 * 🇳🇿 Football Kingz
 * 🇱🇰 Sri Lanka Navy Sports Club
 * 🇱🇰 Trinity College, Kandy
 * 🇱🇰 Royal College Colombo Sri Lanka
 * 🏴 Portsmouth
 * 🇪🇸 Deportivo de La Coruña
 * AZ Alkmaar
 * 🇳🇿 Football Kingz
 * 🇱🇰 Sri Lanka Navy Sports Club
 * 🇱🇰 Trinity College, Kandy
 * 🇱🇰 Royal College Colombo Sri Lanka

title: Canterbury of New Zealand


text:
Marisabina Russo

Marisabina Russo (née Stark; born 1 May 1950) is a children's book author and illustrator. She has written and illustrated over twenty books for children and young adults. Her most notable books include The Line Up Book (winner of the IRA Children’s Book Award) and Always Remember Me (an ALA Notable Book).

She was born in New York City and graduated from Mount Holyoke College with BA in Studio Art in 1971. She began her career as a freelance illustrator. Her work appeared frequently in The New Yorker and included several covers. She then went on to illustrate a book of poetry for children, Vacation Time by Nikki Giovanni. She started publishing her own stories with Greenwillow Books in 1986. Russo’s books come from her own childhood memories and her experiences as a mother. Her illustrations, painted in gouache, are colorful and two-dimensional, reminiscent of folk art. More recently, Ms. Russo has written young adult novels.

Her books have also been translated into Korean and Japanese. She has published with Greenwillow Books, Simon & Schuster, Random House, Roaring Brook Press and Harcourt, Brace. Her graphic memoir ''Why Is Everybody Yelling? Growing Up in My Immigrant Family'' was published by Macmillan Publishers in 2021.

title: Marisabina Russo


text:
Soccer in Western Australia

Soccer in Western Australia is the most participated code of football, though it is a distant second in overall interest behind Australian rules football in Western Australia. It is governed by Football West. Football West runs the National Premier Leagues Western Australia (the states premier competition), State Leagues, Sunday League and Metropolitan League. There are also numerous casual and school competitions, as well as futsal and indoor soccer in competitive and social games.

The sport's origin in Western Australia dates back to the later days of the colony, when in 1896, the first governing body was formed. The state has one professional team, Perth Glory FC which competes in both the A-League Men and A-League Women.

Perth hosted a number of 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup matches.

The State has provided a number of well known global Football stars, with Sam Kerr being one of the best known to date.

History
Football was officially established in May 1896 by Sir Septimus Burt, Western Australia's first Attorney General. The Western Australia state soccer team first played in 1902 against the touring English cricket team. In subsequent years, the State team has played various matches against other nations, other states, and professional clubs in exhibition and practice matches. The first live television broadcast of a football game in Western Australia was in 1960, when the ABC showed part of a match between Swan Valley and Windmills at Bayswater Oval. To commemorate the 100th anniversary of the game's foundation in Western Australia, a Hall of Fame for distinguished players was established.

The first recorded women's football match in Western Australia was played in 1946. Two country ladies sides played in an exhibition match in Margaret River.

National representation
In 1994, a group of businessmen led by Joe Claudio formed the Perth Kangaroos IFC. The club competed in the 1994 Singapore Professional Soccer League. The Kangaroos finished the league season undefeated and easily won the Singapore league title. However, with dwindling support and resources, the experiment proved to be a financial disaster and Perth Kangaroos IFC soon folded.

Perth Glory FC are the only West Australian team to compete in the current national A-League and also participated in the now defunct National Soccer League since 1996. Perth Glory men's side were one of the most successful teams of the NSL era, as premiers of 1999/2000, 2001/02 and 2003/04, and champions in 2003 and 2004. The club has had relatively less success since the beginning of the A-League, and as of 2018, have been A-League runner up once in 2012, and FFA Cup runner up twice in 2014 and 2015.

Perth Glory also have a women's side which was established in 2008 and competes in Australia's national W-League. Perth Glory's women's team has had notable success since its inception, achieving a premiership in 2014, and finishing as playoff runner up in 2014 and 2017.

Leagues
The NPL WA is the highest league in WA, one step below the national A-League, and is a division within the National Premier Leagues structure. The League Champion (top of the table) at the end of the season enters a national play-off series against the NPL champions of other states to determine the overall NPL Champion.

Below the NPL, the Football West competition includes the State leagues (broadly at a semi-professional level), Amateur leagues, and Metropolitan leagues (often referred to as 'social' league).

Knockout Cups
The premier male knockout cup competition is the Football West State Cup, run by Football West. Since 2014 the two State Cup finalists also qualify for the national FFA Cup competition.

Other Cup competitions include the Amateur Cup for the Men's Amateur Divisions, the Metropolitan Cup for the Men's Metropolitan Divisions, the Women's State Cup, and the Women's Metropolitan Cup for the Women's Metropolitan Divisions.

International matches
Australia's international men's and women's teams, the Socceroos and Matildas, occasionally play matches in Perth. Men's games have included a friendly against Indonesia in March 2005, and an Asian confederation World Cup qualifying match against Bangladesh in September 2015. The Matildas played their first ever match in Perth in March 2018, a friendly against Thailand as a warm up for the 2018 AFC Women's Asian Cup.

Futsal and indoor soccer
Futsal and indoor soccer have become popular sports in Western Australia since the 1990s, with games occurring between men, women, mixed teams and juniors. In Perth, weeknight and weekend competitions run at a number of sports centres such as Lords Subiaco, Loftus and Shenton Park. Top level competition is run by the WA State Futsal League.

title: Soccer in Western Australia


text:
Elfriede Lohse-Wächtler

Elfriede Lohse-Wächtler (born Anna Frieda Wächtler; 4 December 1899 – 31 July 1940) was a German painter of the avant-garde whose works were banned as "degenerate art", and in some cases destroyed, in Nazi Germany. She became mentally ill and was murdered in a former psychiatric institution at Sonnenstein castle in Pirna under Action T4, a forced euthanasia program of Nazi Germany. Since 2000, a memorial center for the T4 program in the house commemorates her life and work in a permanent exhibition.

Life
Elfriede Lohse-Wächtler grew up in a middle-class family, but left at the age of 16 to study at the Royal Arts School Dresden from 1915 to 1918 (fashion, then applied graphics). From 1916 to 1919, she also attended drawing and painting courses at the Dresden Art Academy. She came into contact with the Dresden Secession Group 1919 and became part of the circle of friends around Otto Dix, Otto Griebel, and Conrad Felixmüller. Renting part of the studio of the latter near the Dresden city center she made a living with batiks, postcards and illustrations.

In June 1921, she married the painter and opera singer, following him to Görlitz in 1922 and in 1925 to Hamburg. The marriage was a difficult one and the couple separated several times in the following years. In 1926, Elfriede Lohse-Wächtler joined the Federation of female Hamburgian artists and art lovers; in 1928. she was able to participate in some exhibitions of the New Objectivity.

In 1929, she had a nervous breakdown because of financial and partnership difficulties and was committed to a psychiatric institution in Hamburg-Friedrichsberg. During the two months' stay she painted the Friedrichsberg heads, a piece of work consisting of about 60 drawings and pastels, mainly portraits of fellow patients. After her recovery and a final separation from Kurt Lohse (in 1926), she had a very creative phase. She painted numerous paintings of Hamburg's harbor, scenes from the life of workers and prostitutes, and pitiless self-portraits. But despite some exhibitions, sales, and smaller grants, she lived in grinding poverty.

Due to financial problems and increasing social isolation, she returned to her parents' home in Dresden by midyear 1931. When her mental state worsened her father admitted her to the state mental home at Arnsdorf in 1932. There she was diagnosed with schizophrenia. From 1932 to 1935 she was still creatively active, drawing portraits and creating arts and crafts. After Kurt Lohse divorced her in May 1935 she was incapacitated due to "incurable insanity".

After refusing to consent to a sterilisation, she was denied the permission to go out of the hospital any more. In December 1935, she underwent a forced surgical sterilisation in the Dresden-Friedrichstadt women's hospital on the grounds of Nazi eugenicist policies. After this traumatic event she never painted again. In 1940 she was deported to the former psychiatric institution at Pirna-Sonnenstein (located in the Sonnenstein castle in Pirna), where, on 31 July, she was murdered along with the majority of the other residents as part of the Nazi "euthanasia" program, Action T4. The official cause of death was "pneumonia with myocardial insufficiency". In the years of 1940 and 1941, a total of 13,720 mainly mentally ill or disabled people were gassed by Nazis in this institution formerly well known for its humanistic traditions.

Works
Her most creative period falls within the time of her stay in Hamburg. From 1927 to 1931, she painted some of her major works. The portraits of mentally ill people she drew in Hamburg-Friedrichsberg (1929) and Arnsdorf (1932–1935) have attracted much interest. As part of the "degenerate art" campaign by the Nazis, nine of her works from the art museum Hamburger Kunsthalle and the Altonaer Museum were confiscated and destroyed in 1937, including paintings entitled Strassen-Musik, In der Kneipe, Aus St Pauli, Café, and Cabarett, as well as a large part of her paintings from Arnsdorf.

Commemoration and legacy
Renewed interest in Lohse-Wächtler started with a presentation of some of her paintings in Reinbek near Hamburg. In 1994, an association for the promotion of the works of Elfriede Lohse-Wächtler was founded (Förderkreis Elfriede Lohse-Wächtler). 1996 saw the publication of the first monograph on her works, written by Georg Reinhardt. This and the exhibitions in Dresden, Hamburg-Altona and Aschaffenburg marked the beginning of a broader reception of the artist's work and fate.

In 1999, there was a stele erected in memory of her at the Saxon Hospital in Arnsdorf and a ward house named after her. In Pirna-Sonnenstein, a street was dedicated to her in 2005, and since 2008, a street in Arnsdorf also carries her name. At the former hospital site in Friedrichsberg (Hamburg-Barmbek-Süd), a rose garden with a commemorative plaque was designed for her in 2004. In the development area close by, another street was also given her name.

Exhibitions
These were some of the most important expositions on the work of Elfriede Lohse-Wächtler:
 * 1991 Castle Reinbek bei Hamburg
 * 1997 Art Gallery Finckenstein, Dresden
 * 1999 Municipal museum of Dresden, Altonaer Museum in Hamburg and Municipal Gallery of the City of Aschaffenburg
 * 2002 Gallery Kunsthandel & Edition Fischer, Berlin
 * 2003 Municipal museum of Pirna 2003
 * 2004 Prinzhorn Collection, Heidelberg
 * 2005 Representation of the Free State of Saxony to the Federation, Berlin
 * 2006 During the exhibition Female Artists of the Avant-garde (II) in Hamburg from 1890 to 1933 (2006) in the art museum Hamburger Kunsthalle there were also several works by Elfriede Lohse-Wächtler. Amongst them one of her most famous paintings, the "Lissy" from 1931 was on display.
 * 2008/09 Zeppelin Museum, Friedrichshafen, Lake Constance and Paula Modersohn-Becker Museum, Bremen: comprehensive exhibition on the life and work of the painter: Elfriede Lohse-Wächtler. 1899-1940 with about one hundred of their works from all phases (with extensive catalog of the same title)
 * 2010 Käthe-Kollwitz-house, Moritzburg (near Dresden): watercolors and drawings

title: Elfriede Lohse-Wächtler


text:
Talk:Hyperkalemia

Possible confusion in Mechanism section
In reference to the sentence in that section: "Increased extracellular potassium levels result in depolarization of the membrane potentials of cells due to the increase in the equilibrium potential of potassium."

The K+ equilibrium potential (EK) becomes LESS negative with hyperkalemia (as can be calculated with the Nernst equation). The phrasing "increase in" can be confusing when dealing with negative numbers: it could be interpreted as 'increase' to a higher number (say from -90 to -100 where 100 is higher than 90) or as an 'increase' to a less negative number (say from -90 to -80). I think better wording would be to rewrite this sentence as: "Increased extracellular potassium levels result in depolarization of the membrane potentials of cells due to the equilibrium potential of potassium becoming less negative."

Thoughts?

What about calculating TTKG to aid in the differential diagnosis?
What about calculating TTKG to aid in the differential diagnosis? Cybergoth 12:18, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Put it in. alteripse 21:34, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

Yes, that would be useful. Here is an online calculator. JFW | T@lk  23:08, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I made a TTKG stub. Cybergoth 04:09, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

Deleted "Liddles Syndrome" & "Pseudohyperaldosteronism" from the Differential Diagnosis, since those are associated with HYPOkalemia. 129.22.127.147 02:51, 10 March 2006
 * Good pick up. Andrew73 13:19, 10 March 2006 (UTC)

I like that "lethal injection" is listed under "causes include:" :-) Mbarbier 17:48, 8 November 2007 (UTC)
 * I agree that its very wierd (and funny) to have "lethal injection" there. But really, its probably the best place for it, rather than creating a separate section for it. :-)  Dan Levy 19:40, 8 November 2007 (UTC)

hyperkalemia wrong information in article
Increased extracellular potassium will cause hyperpolarization and not depolarization of the cell membrane. dont you agree?

Disagree: Imagine a typical cell which has a membrane voltage determined predominately by conductance through potassium channels. The point of equilibrium (where the membrane potential will equilibrate) is the Nernst potential for K, which equals -60mV*Log([K]i/[K]o). As [K]o rises, the membrane will equilibrate at a less negative potential. Hence, the cell will be depolarized in the setting of hyperkalemia. DanLevy 04:53, 10 June 2006 (UTC)

+
Will delete comment by user 85.167.25.246 regarding Hyperkalemia causing acidosis. True that cardiac arrest, or weakness of diaphragmatic muscles could lead to hypoxia/ischemia that would cause acidosis, but I think that these would be extreme examples, and the statement is otherwise misleading. Dan Levy 03:26, 12 December 2006 (UTC)

Jan 11th, 2007

Changed the phrase: Potassium is the most important intracellular cation and participates in many cellular processes to Potassium is an important intracellular cation and participates in many cellular processes.

I don't think you can establish that K+ is the most important intracellular cation, considering the important of Na+ and Ca2+.

 * ......JFW has reverted the sentence, but I agree with the above author....Is the heart or the brain the most important organ? Without intracellular calcium, none of our cells would work either.  Abundance is irrelevant.  How about we settle on "a critically important cation."Dan Levy 02:52, 12 January 2007 (UTC)

Pseudohyperkalemia
I deleted the phrase: "It can be avoided by using plasma from anticoagulated blood samples, as this will reduce the destruction of cells and platelets during the clotting process." because I think that it was misleading. It was located right after mentioning the familial pseudohyperkalemias. In fact, in ref 3 (Blood, 1999) the heparinized blood that incubates for a few hrs shows increased serum [K] over time. But I think that the statement might apply for thrombocytosis and perhaps it should simply be moved to a different position in the paragraph? I assume that the best strategy for any suspected case of pseudohyperkalemia would be to spin anticoagulated blood immediately and measure the K from the plasma. I know that plasma K is always a bit lower than serum K, but would user 205.160.195.36 be able to offer a reference that anticoagulation would specifically be helpful when pseudohyperkalemia is suspected? Dan Levy 22:59, 19 June 2007 (UTC)
 * I think you are correct to have removed it, but would defer to an explicit reference. alteripse 00:04, 20 June 2007 (UTC)

Execution
Since the death penalty is contrary to international law and human rights as generally understood, I find it inappropriate to mention its methodology in the context of an article on a medical subject. I would urge the deletion of the relevant paragraph.83.65.178.206 (talk) 10:37, 30 October 2008 (UTC)
 * Interesting point. Is it really against international law?  Lethal injection is the primary method of execution performed in the USA, which was evidently performed 42 times in the US in 2007.  I wouldn't want to defend my nation's moral/legal system, but I would point out that the mechanism of death from this technique is the same as death from any other cause of hyperkalemia.  So even though physicians are not involved in executions, the section is related to the physiological/pathophysiological condition of hyperkalemia.  Would it be more palatable if the other details of execution were removed, perhaps by deleting thie latter half of the sentence? ("after sodium thiopental has rendered the subject unconscious, then pancuronium bromide has been added to cause paralysis.") Dan Levy (talk) 22:05, 30 October 2008 (UTC)

 * Since the death penalty is still quite real in many countries, including germane information that raises its salience as an issue can lead to a better-informed debate, the foundation for policy re-considerations in those countries where it is still practiced. Knowledge and daylight better foster changes in the marketplace of ideas than ignorance. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.167.61.132 (talk) 22:43, 16 April 2009 (UTC)

Acute Treatment versus Prevention
I agree with user user:Mikael Häggström that it makes more sense to split the TREATMENT section into acute mgmt and prevention. But I'm not sure what should be done with Kayexalate. In some patients, it is used chronically to reduce the risk of a hyperkalemic episode, but it also used to remove K from the body in a patient with a mild-to-mod hyperkalemia, such as in the 5.5-6.2 mEq/L range, in a patient who might not otherwise need dialysis. So wouldn't this *also* be acute treatment? Suggestions, anyone? Dan Levy (talk) 14:59, 6 January 2009 (UTC).

Tomato paste as a source
Tomato paste is the most-concentrated dietary source of potassium. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.167.61.132 (talk) 22:39, 16 April 2009 (UTC)

How much exactly?
What would be "massive doses of oral KCl supplements", also in terms of tomato paste (twice concentrated)? --Ayacop (talk) 18:10, 1 June 2009 (UTC)
 * Exactly. I came to this article to find out how much potassium is too much, and went away unsatisfied.  Correctrix (talk) 03:19, 12 August 2015 (UTC)
 * We do not give med doses here typically. Doc James  (talk · contribs · email) 06:51, 12 August 2015 (UTC)

Review
Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 20:51, 28 November 2010 (UTC)

 * seems very practical. JFW | T@lk  21:07, 17 May 2011 (UTC)

 * 10.1097/CCM.0b013e31818f222b is good, and gives NNT for many treatments (e.g. NNT for salbutamol is 3!) JFW | T@lk  22:20, 22 October 2011 (UTC)

More sources
10.1002/14651858.CD003235.pub2 - Cochrane review of emergency treatment.

10.1136/bmj.b4114 - BMJ review 2009. JFW | T@lk  14:38, 21 September 2012 (UTC)

 * Am J Med 2015: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2015.05.040 JFW | T@lk  20:07, 21 November 2015 (UTC)

Resources
The following resources may be useful in enriching this article:  D ip ta ns hu Talk 14:09, 24 June 2013 (UTC)
 * Hyponatremia and hyperkalemia By Norbert Lameire
 * Emergency lectures - Hyponatremia hyperkalemia
 * Hyponatremia and hyperkalemia By Norbert Lameire
 * Emergency lectures - Hyponatremia hyperkalemia

 * None of those are great WP:MEDRS sources.... JFW | T@lk  11:48, 19 January 2014 (UTC)

 * "Hyponatremia and hyperkalemia By Norbert Lameire" has been moved to http://www.theisn.org/education-by-topic/fluids-ahyponatremia-and-hyperkalemia-dp2. 220  of  Borg 03:48, 2 March 2014 (UTC)

Priorities for updating
WP:MEDRS-compatible sources are available (I've posted a few above over the last few months) but we're not using them... JFW | T@lk  11:51, 19 January 2014 (UTC)

 * 10.1016/j.kint.2015 seems nice. JFW | T@lk  11:23, 22 February 2016 (UTC)

what's the connection?
I don't see the connection of this sentence to Hyperkalemia. Assuming that there is one, perhaps someone could make it more obvious?

"The combination of abdominal pain, hypoglycemia, and hyperpigmentation—often in the context of other autoimmune disorders—may indicate Addison's disease,[12] which is a medical emergency."

Rick.Wicks (talk) 10:21, 4 October 2016 (UTC)

 * Addison's disease can cause mineralocorticoid deficiency (insufficient aldosterone) which can definitely cause hyperkalaemia. Still, the symptoms can be different from listed here. JFW | T@lk  20:18, 5 October 2016 (UTC)

Popular untested cures.
Social media has been promoting cream of tartar, a cooking ingredient with the chemical name potassium bitartrate as a cure for several things including Migraines, losing weight etc. "Ingesting extremely high quantities of the chemical is not advisable as it can result in life-threatening cases of hyperkalemia, which is the abnormally high concentration of potassium in the blood."

To keep his brief I just quote Snopes - probably not good enough reference for here - but it mentions the current obsession. I leave to others to consider... https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/cream-of-tartar-migraine-headaches/ 60.242.247.177 (talk) 21:11, 19 December 2018 (UTC)

 * I have only found a single case report: 10.1007/s13181-012-0255-x. Probably not heavy enough for inclusion. People with healthy guts and kidneys can handle pretty large amounts of potassium. JFW | T@lk  20:24, 22 December 2018 (UTC)

Fast acting insulin and glucose
I understand fast acting insulin (Novorapid to be precise) is used to treat acute hyperkalemia. Especially in a clinical setting where the cause is due to surgery or other treatment. The patient is given an IV solution of Novorapid with glucose (the avoid hypoglycemia due to the extra insulin). This is done mainly where blood- or other fluid losses- are the cause of the hyperkalemia, not when there is a systemic problem. Should these two things be included in the article? Fast acting insulin as a treatment and blood cq fluid loss as a cause?

Korporaal1 (talk) 17:35, 10 January 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hyperkalemia


text:
Jean Ango

Jean Ango (an Italianized form of Jehan Angot) (1480–1551) was a Norman shipowner who provided ships to Francis I, King of France, for exploration of the globe. A native of Dieppe, Ango took over his father's import-export business and ventured into the spice trade with Africa and India. He was one of the first French traders to challenge the monopoly of Spain and Portugal, in addition to trading with the eastern Mediterranean, the British Isles, and the Low Countries. He also helped to finance the voyages of Giovanni da Verrazzano and Jacques Cartier.

His father (also named Jean Ango) sent two ships to Newfoundland in an early colonization attempt, including Jehan Denis and Thomas Aubert as captain of the Pensée. Their arrival in 1508 is the second recorded voyage of a French ship to the Grand Banks after the expedition of John Cabot. After his father's death (probably in the final years of the reign of King Louis XII), the younger Jean Ango stopped any personal participation in trading voyages and settled in Dieppe with his inherited fortune.

He eventually controlled a fleet, partially or alone, of 70 ships, including merchant ships and fishing vessels. Although he funded expeditions for trade and exploration, and used his ships (legally) for wartime raids, "he also sponsored voyages whose only purpose was piracy".

Ango was an intimate friend of King Francis I. In 1521 he was styled Viscount of Dieppe, and in 1533, after the king had visited him in his mansion in Normandy, captain of Dieppe. When John III of Portugal confiscated one of his ships which carried plunder from captured vessels, Ango received the French king's permission to respond. Acting under a letter of marque issued on 26 July 1530, he harassed the Portuguese fleet in the Atlantic, and even threatened to block the port of Lisbon.

He lost popularity under King Henry II. He was imprisoned after 1549 for failing to pay taxes on his profits from privateering. In his book La chanson des pilotes, he was the first to describe in writing the use of tobacco.

title: Jean Ango


text:
Jean Bernabé

Jean Bernabé (1942 in Le Lorrain, Martinique – 12 April 2017 in Fort-De-France, Martinique) was a writer and linguist.

Bernabé was a professor of language and culture at the Université des Antilles et de la Guyane. He was an important figure in the créolité movement, having co-authored the seminal 1989 essay on the subject, Eloge de la créolité (In Praise of Creoleness), with Patrick Chamoiseau and Raphaël Confiant.

Although Bernabé's work lauds the Créole language, on which he has written seminal works, his literary creation is exclusively in the French language, to make it more accessible to international readers. However, he also had an influence on the emergence of modern literature in Créole.

Biography
Bernabé studied Classics at the Sorbonne and in 1982, he defended his thesis in Linguistics on Antillean Créole titled Fondal Natal : Grammaire basilecticale approchée des Créoles guadeloupéen et martiniquais, which was published by Harmattan in 1983. From 1973, Bernabé worked at the Centre Universitaire des Antilles in Guadeloupe until it was moved to Martinique in 1982, at which point he returned to Martinique as well. In 1975, while still writing his thesis, he founded the Groupe d'Etudes et de Recherches en Espaces créolophones (GEREC) in Guadeloupe. This later became GEREC-F, the F added to acknowledge the enduring francophone presence in antillean society and the coexistence of the two languages. In 1976, he founded the journal Espace Créole.

Bernabé began writing fiction near the end of his University career, publishing his first novel, Le bailleur d'étincelle in 2002. Though written in French, his novels aim to promote and preserve Martinican oral tradition.

Bernabé was one of the founders of French creolistics and created the first modern phonemic orthography for Martinican and Guadeloupean Créole languages, as well as a lexicon compiling all French-based Créole languages. His research focused not only on linguistics but also on Créole identity. In 1989, along with Patrick Chamoiseau and Raphaël Confiant, he wrote Éloge de la créolité, presenting their vision of Créole identity and founding the créolité movement. Bernabé played an active role in the recognition of Créole in policy and education and advocated for the introduction of a Certificate of aptitude for secondary school teachers (CAPES) in Créole, for which he wrote school books on Créole spelling, grammar and literature.

Bernabé became more engaged in political matters, writing critiques online on issues such as departmentalization, migration, violence and cultural identity. He was critical of the French administration of its Overseas departments and regions, viewing it as a continuation of colonial rule, and advocating for independence. Some of his positions, including his opposition to Négritude have been controversial among his peers.

title: Jean Bernabé


text:
Jean-Antoine Villemin

Jean-Antoine Villemin (January 28, 1827 – October 6, 1892) was a French physician born in Prey, Vosges. In 1865 he demonstrated that tuberculosis was an infectious disease.

Biography
Villemin was born in the department of Vosges, and studied medicine at the military medical school at Strasbourg, qualifying as an army doctor in 1853. Afterwards he practiced medicine at the military hospital of Val-de-Grâce in Paris. In 1874 he became a member of the French Académie Nationale de Médecine, and was its vice-president in 1891.

In 1865 Villemin proved that tuberculosis was an infectious disease by inoculating laboratory rabbits with material from infected humans and cattle. He published his results in the treatise Études sur la Tuberculose (Studies on Tuberculosis). Here he describes the transmission of tuberculosis from humans to rabbits, from cattle to rabbits, and from rabbits to rabbits. However, his findings were ignored by the scientific community at the time, and Villemin's contributions wouldn't be realized until years later when they were corroborated by other scientists. The Prix Leconte was posthumously awarded to Villemin (and its ₣50,000 presented to his heirs) in 1892 in recognition of his work.

title: Jean-Antoine Villemin


text:
Talk:Turnstone

Untitled
It will be easier for non-native English users (such as me) if you create links from the Latin terms. I did that now for Arenaria interpres. --Fred-Chess 12:22, August 27, 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Turnstone


text:
Heikki Hela

Heikki Hela (born 19 July 1964 in Aitolahti) is a Finnish entertainer, actor and musician, best remembered for his role in the early 1990s hit show Kummeli and his hit song "Uneton Yö", featured on his debut album, Kaikista Kaikkein. Since then, he has recorded three more albums (Kaksi Maailmaa, Lauantain Toivotut Levyt and se tulee läpi), along with playing numerous roles in Kummeli spinoff films and other titles such as the comedy film Kahlekuningas (Handcuff King).

He has had two singles, "Uneton Yo" was number four in 1994 and "Naisen Hymy was number seven in 1999, and one album, Heikki Hela was number three in 1994, in the Finnish top ten.

He has been married to Mari Posti since 1996 and they have two children.

Filmography

 * Kummeli (1991–2004)
 * Kummeli Stories (1995)
 * Lihaksia ja Luoteja (1996)
 * Kummeli: Kultakuume (1997)
 * Johtaja Uuno Turhapuro - pisnismies (1998)
 * Lääkärit Tulessa (1998)
 * The Tough Ones (1999)
 * Ihana Mies (1999)
 * Minä, Joki ja Metsä (2000)
 * Mankeli (2000)
 * Jurismia! (2002)
 * Liekki (2002)
 * Handcuff King (2002)
 * Beatlehem (2003)
 * Kummelin Jackpot (2006)

title: Heikki Hela


text: Template:User oc-1

title: Template:User oc-1


text:
The Plastic Age (film)

The Plastic Age is a 1925 American black-and-white silent romantic comedy film directed by Wesley Ruggles and starring Clara Bow, Donald Keith, and Gilbert Roland. The film was based on a best-selling novel from 1924 of the same name, written by Percy Marks, a Brown University English instructor who chronicled the life of the fast-set of that university and used the fictitious Sanford College as a backdrop. The Plastic Age is known to most silent film fans as the very first hit of Clara Bow's career, and helped jumpstart her fast rise to stardom. Frederica Sagor Maas and Eve Unsell adapted the book for the screen.

Plot
Hugh Carver (Donald Keith) is an athletic star and a freshman at Prescott College. During a hazing initiation by his fraternity brothers, he meets Cynthia Day (Clara Bow), a popular girl who loves to party and have a good time. She introduces him to the pleasures of illicit drinking, dancing at illegal roadhouses, and making out in the back seats of cars. A love-triangle develops between Day, Carver, and Carver's roommate, Carl Peters (Gilbert Roland), who also likes Day. Eventually, Peters gives up his crush on Day and reconciles his friendship with Carver.

Carver's grades, athletic performance and moral character begin to suffer as a result of his late nights and wild partying, and on a visit home, his strict father tosses him out of the house and tells him not to come back until he's 'made good'. After almost being arrested at a roadhouse raid, Day and Carver escape in her automobile, and Day realizes that her lifestyle is bad for Carver, so the two stop seeing each other.

Carver's school performance then improves greatly, and he leads his teammates to victory at the big football game at the end of the year. Peters tells Carver that Day still loves him, and that she has changed, becoming less wild and more mature. Day and Carver are reunited at the end.

Production
The Plastic Age was based on the 1924 novel of the same name, which was written by Brown University professor Percy Marks, a popular novelist at the time. Marks' novels were based on his students, the 'flaming youth in rebellion' of the twenties, who danced to wild jazz, drank from silver flasks, and had petting parties. Benjamin Percival Schulberg, the CEO of Preferred Pictures (a film studio and film distributor, as well as an actors agency), outbid all the major and minor studios for the rights to The Plastic Age; Schulberg paid $35,000 for the copyrights to the novel. The Plastic Age was filmed in the summer of 1925, at both Pomona College, located in Claremont, California, and in Hollywood, at the FBO Studios, the production company owned and operated by Joseph P. Kennedy, the wealthy Boston, Massachusetts banker/stockbroker patriarch of the Kennedy family.

The film became a major hit in late 1925, and was Bow's first hit film. She became a star as a result of its success, which led her to being signed by a major studio and becoming a major star with the 1927 release of It. After seeing The Plastic Age soon after its release, Adolph Zukor, the founder and CEO of Paramount Pictures, contacted Schulberg, who had started his career as a publicist with Paramount before leaving the studio in 1918 to form Preferred Pictures. According to Clara Bow biographer David Stenn, Zukor proposed to Schulberg that he wanted to merge Preferred Pictures with Paramount, so that he could get Bow and make a star out of her, due to what Zukor saw as the great potential that she had as an actress. Schulberg agreed, but wanted Zukor to allow him to produce and control the product that Paramount assigned to him for Bow, which included script, casting, production crew, and wardrobe control. He also wanted to be made an associate producer at Paramount. The deal was made in early November 1925.

Controversy
Even though the film was a wide spread success, the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) showed concerns for the film's portrayal of alcohol consumption as acceptable, regardless of the restrictions that prohibition brought in. They also voiced their opinion on the swingers' dance style and jazz music as "behaviour which is desperately in need of purification by the cleansing powers of Holy water."

Home media
The Plastic Age was released on DVD, through Image Entertainment, in a double-feature format, which includes the Louise Brooks film, The Show Off (1926). David Shepard preserved the film through his company, Film Preservation Associates. Composer Eric Beheim scored the music for The Plastic Age. Kino On Video released the film in August 1999, as part of a 4 video set featuring Clara's work, which includes It (1927).

title: The Plastic Age (film)


text:
Soccer in Queensland

Soccer was first played in Queensland on a regular basis in Brisbane, in 1884. The game in Queensland is administered by the peak body, Football Queensland, together with several subordinate zone councils, each representing regions of Queensland.

History
The Brisbane Football Club (Queensland's first football club) formed in 1866 under Australian Rules football rules but dabbled in both soccer and rugby football for much of its history, but appears to have been involved in many of the early soccer matches in Brisbane from 1867 to 1870.

The earliest mention of matches under London Association rules is a July 1867 match Between Brisbane FC and the Volunteer Artillery World eleven. Volunteer Aritllery later switched to Australian rules.

Brisbane FC also played soccer at Woogaroo (now Goodna), west of Brisbane, in 1875 against the inmates and warders of the Woogaroo Lunatic Asylum."

The following year at a meeting at the Railway Hotel, Petrie Terrace in April 1876, a new club was being formed in Brisbane to play under London Association rules is made with the intention of starting a neighbourhood league.

The Anglo-Queensland Football Association (a predecessor of Football Queensland) began in 1884. The Brisbane Courier reported in early May 1884:

 * A MEETING of those favourable to the "Association" game of football as played in the home countries was held at the Australian Hotel last night ... [I]t was resolved that it was desirable to form an Anglo-Queensland Football Association, and as a beginning the meeting formed the first club, the name selected being "St. Andrew's Football Club." ... It was announced that already from twenty-seven to thirty promises to join the club had been received, and it was resolved to play a practice match tomorrow afternoon, if possible, in the Queen's Park.

The first fixture match was played on 7 June 1884, on the Pineapple Sportsfield (now part of Raymond Park), Kangaroo Point (refer to History of association football in Brisbane, Queensland for more information).

By 1886, the game had spread west to Ipswich and then to other regional centres.

Football Queensland
Football Queensland was preceded by a number of organisations:

 * 1884-1889: Anglo-Queensland Football Association
 * 1890-1919: Queensland British Football Association
 * 1920-1927: Queensland Football Association
 * 1928-1939: Queensland Soccer Council
 * 1940-1961: Queensland Soccer Football Association
 * 1962-2005: Queensland Soccer Federation
 * 2006-Present: Football Queensland

Queensland Zones
The game is administered locally by zone councils:

National Soccer League (NSL) 1977-2004
There were a number of Queensland teams that played in the now defunct National Soccer League.

A-League (2005-present)
The Brisbane Roar, a privately owned football club (originally formed by the Brisbane-based Queensland Lions FC), was the only Queensland team to compete in the inaugural season of the national A-League (2005).

In the 2009-10 Hyundai A-League season, two other clubs joined the Roar, Gold Coast United FC and the North Queensland Fury FC (Townsville). However, the Fury team withdrew from the competition after season 2010-11, citing financial difficulties. Gold Coast United also left the A-league after the 2011-12 season. They have now reformed in August 2017 and currently compete in the National Premier Leagues Queensland.

Queensland statewide competitions
The Queensland State League (QSL) was established in 2008 to provide a second tier competition between the A-League and the Queensland regional competitions. The QSL consisted of a single division, comprising nine teams without provision for promotion or relegation.

In 2013 the QSL was replaced by the National Premier Leagues Queensland (NPL Qld) which forms a division within the National Premier Leagues (NPL). The winner (top of the table after the regular season) enters a national finals series against the winners of the other NPL divisions. In 2018 the NPL Queensland will introduce promotion from and relegation to, a new league the Football Queensland Premier League.

Regional competitions
Below the NPL Qld there are local competitions run in each of the zones.

Women's football
Brisbane Roar have a team in the national W-League that represent Queensland's female footballers.

title: Soccer in Queensland


text:
Claude Balon

Claude Balon (also Ballon, often incorrectly named Jean; 1671–1744) was a French dancer and choreographer. The ballet term ballon is sometimes said to be derived from his name, but Robert Greskovic calls this "dubious". Balon danced under the tutelage of the balletmaster Pierre Beauchamp at the Paris Opera. Marie Sallé is identified as a student of Balon's.

title: Claude Balon


text: Category:French ballet dancers

title: Category:French ballet dancers


text: Category:Ballet dancers by nationality

title: Category:Ballet dancers by nationality


text:
Lion Air Flight 538

Lion Air Flight 538 (JT538/LNI538) was a scheduled domestic passenger flight from Soekarno–Hatta International Airport, Jakarta, to Juanda International Airport in Surabaya, with a stopover at Adi Sumarmo Airport, Surakarta, Indonesia. On 30 November 2004, the McDonnell Douglas MD-82 overran the runway of Adi Sumarmo Airport, and crashed onto a cemetery on landing; 25 people on board were killed in the crash, including the captain. At the time, the accident was Lion Air's only fatal hull loss until 2018. Investigation conducted by the Indonesian National Transportation Safety Committee concluded that the crash was caused by hydroplaning, which was aggravated by wind shear.

Aircraft
The aircraft, a McDonnell Douglas MD-82, with line number 1173 and manufacturer's serial number 49189, made its first flight on 13 November 1984, later delivered on 20 December 1984 and operated by Mexican carrier Aeroméxico as XA-AMP "Aguascalientes" before being acquired by Lion Air in 2002 and registered as PK-LMN. Lion Air had sold the aircraft to another airline for delivery in January 2005.

Accident
Flight 538 took off from Jakarta at around 5:00 pm, carrying a total of 146 passengers and seven crew members. Most of the passengers were members of the Nahdlatul Ulama, who were attending a national meeting held after the victorious result of the 2004 Indonesian Presidential Election. The flight was uneventful until its landing.

The flight arrived at the airport during dusk, around 6:00 pm in heavy rain. A thunderstorm was reportedly present during the landing.

Flight 538 was configured appropriately for landing, touched down "smoothly" according to most passengers, and the thrust reversers were deployed. The aircraft, however, failed to slow adequately, overran the runway, and slammed into an embankment. The impact caused the floor of the front portion of the plane to collapse, reportedly killing many of the passengers. The aircraft split into two sections, coming to rest in the end of the runway, and fuel began to leak. Passengers had difficulty locating emergency exits in the waning light. Some of the passengers self-evacuated through the opening in the fuselage.

Immediate aftermath
The airport was closed and emergency services were notified. Injured passengers were transported by police vehicles and ambulances to numerous hospitals across Solo. At least 14 of the dead were transported to the Pabelan Hospital. Six people, two dead and four injured, were transported to Panti Waluyo Hospital. Others were transported to Oen Kandangsapi, Brayat Minulya, Kasih Ibu, Oen Solo Baru, and PKU Muhammadiyah, as well as facilities in Boyolali and Karanganyar. Survivors with minor injuries were treated inside the airport VIP terminal.

Twenty-five people were killed and 59 others were seriously injured.

Passengers and crew
Most of the passengers were Indonesians, while airport officials confirmed that one Singaporean man was among the injured. The pilots at the control of the flight were Captain Dwi Mawastoro and First Officer Stephen Lesdek. Captain Dwi died in the crash, while First Officer Lesdek survived with serious injuries.

Investigation
The newly elected Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono ordered an immediate investigation onto the cause of the crash of Flight 538 and stated that the investigation should be open to the public to prevent unwanted rumors in the aftermath of the crash. Minister of Transportation Hatta Rajasa stated that the Transportation Department would evaluate the Indonesian airline operations in response to the crash of Flight 538 in addition to two other similar incidents that occurred on the same day.

The black box was subsequently found on December 1, 2004, and was transported to the Adi Sumarmo Emergency Operations Center.

A witness to the crash claimed that lightning struck the plane during its landing phase. According to him, the landing light and the interior lighting were extinguished after the strike.

Lion Air "claimed responsibility" for the crash and stated that they would pay the hospital bills of the survivors. However, they denied that the crash was caused by the airline's misconduct, and stated that weather was the main factor. According to them, Flight 538 experienced a tailwind during its landing, which explained why the plane did not stop. Others claimed that the brakes or the thrust reversers malfunctioned. The pilot did not put the throttle into flight idle, which caused the spoiler to retract, one of the reverse thrusts also was found to be faulty.

The preliminary report was published in 2005. Investigators stated that the plane's braking system was not at its optimum level. This condition was aggravated by weather conditions during the accident. Investigators also identified a faulty thrust reverser as one of the causes of the crash; they subsequently issued several recommendations to Lion Air.

Lion Air continues to use the flight number 538, but only on the Jakarta-Solo route, primarily operated by a Boeing 737-800 or Boeing 737-900ER.

title: Lion Air Flight 538


text:
The Way That I Am

The Way That I Am is the second studio album by American country music singer Martina McBride, released on September 14, 1993, through RCA Nashville. It was certified Platinum on May 15, 1995, by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). This was her breakthrough album, producing her first Top 5 hit in "My Baby Loves Me", which was previously released as a single by Canadian singer Patricia Conroy from her 1992 album Bad Day for Trains. McBride's version was a number 2 hit on the Hot Country Songs. Also released as singles from this album were "Life #9" at number 6, "Independence Day" at number 12, "Heart Trouble" at number 21, and "Where I Used to Have a Heart" at number 49.

Content
Although never released as a single, "Strangers" was reprised on McBride's Greatest Hits album in 2001. In the liner notes of that album, she stated that she included the song because it was a fan favorite, and she felt that it would have been a better follow-up to "Independence Day" than "Heart Trouble" and "Where I Used to Have a Heart" were.

The Compact Cassette version of this album omits the final track, "Ashes".

Personnel
Compiled from liner notes.

 * Musicians

 * Grace Mihi Bahng – cello (3)
 * Brett Beavers – backing vocals (6 & 10)
 * Joe Chemay – bass guitar
 * Ashley Cleveland – backing vocals (4)
 * Deryl Dodd – backing vocals (6 & 10)
 * Dan Dugmore – electric guitar (2)
 * Larry Franklin – fiddle (1, 8 & 10)
 * Paul Franklin – pedal steel guitar (4 & 8)
 * Johnny Garcia – electric guitar (1)
 * Vicki Hampton – backing vocals (4)
 * Dann Huff – electric guitar (2, 6 & 7)
 * Bill Hullett – acoustic guitar (1, 3-5 & 8-10)
 * Mary Ann Kennedy – backing vocals (2, 4 & 7)
 * Martina McBride – lead vocals, backing vocals (2, 4, & 7-9), tambourine (6)
 * Anthony S. Martin – backing vocals (8), keyboards (9)
 * Brent Mason – electric guitar (1, 3-5 & 8-10)
 * Steve Nathan – keyboards (except 9)
 * Mary Kathryn Van Osdale – violin (3)
 * Herb Pedersen – backing vocals (5)
 * Pam Rose – backing vocals (2, 4 & 7)
 * John Wesley Ryles – backing vocals (1, 8 & 9)
 * Biff Watson – acoustic guitar (1 & 5-7)
 * Charlie Whitten – pedal steel guitar (6, 7, 9 & 10)
 * Kris Wilkinson – viola (3)
 * Dennis Wilson – backing vocals (1, 8 & 9)
 * Lonnie Wilson – drums
 * Paul Worley – electric guitar (1, 2, 6 & 7), acoustic guitar

 * Production
 * Don Cobb – digital editor
 * Carlos Grier – digital editor
 * Martina McBride – producer
 * Anthony S. Martin – assistant producer
 * Mike Poole – recording engineer
 * Denny Purcell – mastering engineer
 * Clarke Schleicher – recording engineer
 * Ed Seay – production, recording engineer
 * Paul Worley – producer

title: The Way That I Am


text:
User:Love Virus Beta 4

New & improved algorithm for more Love Virus!

title: User:Love Virus Beta 4