text:
Isotopes of samarium

Naturally occurring samarium (62Sm) is composed of five stable isotopes, 144Sm, 149Sm, 150Sm, 152Sm and 154Sm, and two extremely long-lived radioisotopes, 147Sm (half life: 1.06 y) and 148Sm (6.3 y), with 152Sm being the most abundant (26.75% natural abundance). 146Sm is also fairly long-lived, but is not long-lived enough to have survived in significant quantities from the formation of the Solar System on Earth, although it remains useful in radiometric dating in the Solar System as an extinct radionuclide. A 2012 paper revising the estimated half-life of 146Sm from 10.3(5)×107 y to 6.8(7)×107 y was retracted in 2023. It is the longest-lived nuclide that has not yet been confirmed to be primordial.

Other than the naturally occurring isotopes, the longest-lived radioisotopes are 151Sm, which has a half-life of 94.6 years, and 145Sm, which has a half-life of 340 days. All of the remaining radioisotopes, which range from 129Sm to 168Sm, have half-lives that are less than two days, and the majority of these have half-lives that are less than 48 seconds. This element also has twelve known isomers with the most stable being 141mSm (t1/2 22.6 minutes), 143m1Sm (t1/2 66 seconds) and 139mSm (t1/2 10.7 seconds).

The long lived isotopes, 146Sm, 147Sm, and 148Sm, primarily decay by alpha decay to isotopes of neodymium. Lighter unstable isotopes of samarium primarily decay by electron capture to isotopes of promethium, while heavier ones decay by beta decay to isotopes of europium.

Isotopes of samarium are used in samarium–neodymium dating for determining the age relationships of rocks and meteorites.

151Sm is a medium-lived fission product and acts as a neutron poison in the nuclear fuel cycle. The stable fission product 149Sm is also a neutron poison.

Samarium is theoretically the lightest element with even atomic number with no stable isotopes (all isotopes of it can theoretically go either alpha decay or beta decay or double beta decay), other such elements are those with atomic numbers > 66 (dysprosium, which is the heaviest theoretically stable nuclide).

List of isotopes

 * 129Sm
 * style="text-align:right" | 62
 * style="text-align:right" | 67
 * 128.95464(54)#
 * 550(100) ms
 * 5/2+#
 * 130Sm
 * style="text-align:right" | 62
 * style="text-align:right" | 68
 * 129.94892(43)#
 * 1# s
 * β+
 * 130Pm
 * 0+
 * rowspan=2|131Sm
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 62
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 69
 * rowspan=2|130.94611(32)#
 * rowspan=2|1.2(2) s
 * β+
 * 131Pm
 * rowspan=2|5/2+#
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β+, p (rare)
 * 130Nd
 * rowspan=2|132Sm
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 62
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 70
 * rowspan=2|131.94069(32)#
 * rowspan=2|4.0(3) s
 * β+
 * 132Pm
 * rowspan=2|0+
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β+, p
 * 131Nd
 * rowspan=2|133Sm
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 62
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 71
 * rowspan=2|132.93867(21)#
 * rowspan=2|2.90(17) s
 * β+
 * 133Pm
 * rowspan=2|(5/2+)
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β+, p
 * 132Nd
 * 134Sm
 * style="text-align:right" | 62
 * style="text-align:right" | 72
 * 133.93397(21)#
 * 10(1) s
 * β+
 * 134Pm
 * 0+
 * rowspan=2|135Sm
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 62
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 73
 * rowspan=2|134.93252(17)
 * rowspan=2|10.3(5) s
 * β+ (99.98%)
 * 135Pm
 * rowspan=2|(7/2+)
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β+, p (.02%)
 * 134Nd
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 135mSm
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 0(300)# keV
 * 2.4(9) s
 * β+
 * 135Pm
 * (3/2+, 5/2+)
 * 136Sm
 * style="text-align:right" | 62
 * style="text-align:right" | 74
 * 135.928276(13)
 * 47(2) s
 * β+
 * 136Pm
 * 0+
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 136mSm
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2264.7(11) keV
 * 15(1) μs
 * (8−)
 * 137Sm
 * style="text-align:right" | 62
 * style="text-align:right" | 75
 * 136.92697(5)
 * 45(1) s
 * β+
 * 137Pm
 * (9/2−)
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 137mSm
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 180(50)# keV
 * 20# s
 * β+
 * 137Pm
 * 1/2+#
 * 138Sm
 * style="text-align:right" | 62
 * style="text-align:right" | 76
 * 137.923244(13)
 * 3.1(2) min
 * β+
 * 138Pm
 * 0+
 * 139Sm
 * style="text-align:right" | 62
 * style="text-align:right" | 77
 * 138.922297(12)
 * 2.57(10) min
 * β+
 * 139Pm
 * 1/2+
 * rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 139mSm
 * rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 457.40(22) keV
 * rowspan=2|10.7(6) s
 * IT (93.7%)
 * 139Sm
 * rowspan=2|11/2−
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β+ (6.3%)
 * 139Pm
 * 140Sm
 * style="text-align:right" | 62
 * style="text-align:right" | 78
 * 139.918995(13)
 * 14.82(12) min
 * β+
 * 140Pm
 * 0+
 * 141Sm
 * style="text-align:right" | 62
 * style="text-align:right" | 79
 * 140.918476(9)
 * 10.2(2) min
 * β+
 * 141Pm
 * 1/2+
 * rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 141mSm
 * rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 176.0(3) keV
 * rowspan=2|22.6(2) min
 * β+ (99.69%)
 * 141Pm
 * rowspan=2|11/2−
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * IT (.31%)
 * 141Sm
 * 142Sm
 * style="text-align:right" | 62
 * style="text-align:right" | 80
 * 141.915198(6)
 * 72.49(5) min
 * β+
 * 142Pm
 * 0+
 * 143Sm
 * style="text-align:right" | 62
 * style="text-align:right" | 81
 * 142.914628(4)
 * 8.75(8) min
 * β+
 * 143Pm
 * 3/2+
 * rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 143m1Sm
 * rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 753.99(16) keV
 * rowspan=2|66(2) s
 * IT (99.76%)
 * 143Sm
 * rowspan=2|11/2−
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β+ (.24%)
 * 143Pm
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 143m2Sm
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2793.8(13) keV
 * 30(3) ms
 * 23/2(−)
 * 144Sm
 * style="text-align:right" | 62
 * style="text-align:right" | 82
 * 143.911999(3)
 * colspan=3 align=center|Observationally stable
 * 0+
 * 0.0307(7)
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 144mSm
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2323.60(8) keV
 * 880(25) ns
 * 6+
 * 145Sm
 * style="text-align:right" | 62
 * style="text-align:right" | 83
 * 144.913410(3)
 * 340(3) d
 * EC
 * 145Pm
 * 7/2−
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 145mSm
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 8786.2(7) keV
 * 990(170) ns [0.96(+19−15) μs]
 * (49/2+)
 * 146Sm
 * style="text-align:right" | 62
 * style="text-align:right" | 84
 * 145.913041(4)
 * 1.03(5)×108 y
 * α
 * 142Nd
 * 0+
 * Trace
 * 147Sm
 * style="text-align:right" | 62
 * style="text-align:right" | 85
 * 146.9148979(26)
 * α
 * 143Nd
 * 7/2−
 * 0.1499(18)
 * 148Sm
 * style="text-align:right" | 62
 * style="text-align:right" | 86
 * 147.9148227(26)
 * α
 * 144Nd
 * 0+
 * 0.1124(10)
 * 149Sm
 * style="text-align:right" | 62
 * style="text-align:right" | 87
 * 148.9171847(26)
 * colspan=3 align=center|Observationally stable
 * 7/2−
 * 0.1382(7)
 * 150Sm
 * style="text-align:right" | 62
 * style="text-align:right" | 88
 * 149.9172755(26)
 * colspan=3 align=center|Observationally stable
 * 0+
 * 0.0738(1)
 * 151Sm
 * style="text-align:right" | 62
 * style="text-align:right" | 89
 * 150.9199324(26)
 * β−
 * 151Eu
 * 5/2−
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 151mSm
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 261.13(4) keV
 * 1.4(1) μs
 * (11/2)−
 * 152Sm
 * style="text-align:right" | 62
 * style="text-align:right" | 90
 * 151.9197324(27)
 * colspan=3 align=center|Observationally stable
 * 0+
 * 0.2675(16)
 * 153Sm
 * style="text-align:right" | 62
 * style="text-align:right" | 91
 * 152.9220974(27)
 * β−
 * 153Eu
 * 3/2+
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 153mSm
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 98.37(10) keV
 * 10.6(3) ms
 * IT
 * 153Sm
 * 11/2−
 * 154Sm
 * style="text-align:right" | 62
 * style="text-align:right" | 92
 * 153.9222093(27)
 * colspan=3 align=center|Observationally stable
 * 0+
 * 0.2275(29)
 * 155Sm
 * style="text-align:right" | 62
 * style="text-align:right" | 93
 * 154.9246402(28)
 * 22.3(2) min
 * β−
 * 155Eu
 * 3/2−
 * 156Sm
 * style="text-align:right" | 62
 * style="text-align:right" | 94
 * 155.925528(10)
 * 9.4(2) h
 * β−
 * 156Eu
 * 0+
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 156mSm
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1397.55(9) keV
 * 185(7) ns
 * 5−
 * 157Sm
 * style="text-align:right" | 62
 * style="text-align:right" | 95
 * 156.92836(5)
 * 8.03(7) min
 * β−
 * 157Eu
 * (3/2−)
 * 158Sm
 * style="text-align:right" | 62
 * style="text-align:right" | 96
 * 157.92999(8)
 * 5.30(3) min
 * β−
 * 158Eu
 * 0+
 * 159Sm
 * style="text-align:right" | 62
 * style="text-align:right" | 97
 * 158.93321(11)
 * 11.37(15) s
 * β−
 * 159Eu
 * 5/2−
 * 160Sm
 * style="text-align:right" | 62
 * style="text-align:right" | 98
 * 159.93514(21)#
 * 9.6(3) s
 * β−
 * 160Eu
 * 0+
 * 161Sm
 * style="text-align:right" | 62
 * style="text-align:right" | 99
 * 160.93883(32)#
 * β−
 * 161Eu
 * 7/2+#
 * 162Sm
 * style="text-align:right" | 62
 * style="text-align:right" | 100
 * 161.94122(54)#
 * β−
 * 162Eu
 * 0+
 * 163Sm
 * style="text-align:right" | 62
 * style="text-align:right" | 101
 * 162.94536(75)#
 * β−
 * 163Eu
 * 1/2−#
 * 164Sm
 * style="text-align:right" | 62
 * style="text-align:right" | 102
 * 163.94828(86)#
 * β−
 * 164Eu
 * 0+
 * rowspan=2|165Sm
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 62
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 103
 * rowspan=2|164.95298(97)#
 * rowspan=2|$1.066 y$
 * β− (98.64%)
 * 165Eu
 * rowspan=2|5/2−#
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β−, n (1.36%)
 * 164Eu
 * rowspan=2|166Sm
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 62
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 104
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|$6.3 y$
 * β− (95.62%)
 * 166Eu
 * rowspan=2|0+
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β−, n (4.38%)
 * 165Eu
 * rowspan=2|167Sm
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 62
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 105
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|$2 years$
 * β−
 * 167Eu
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β−, n
 * 166Eu
 * rowspan=2|168Sm
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 62
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 106
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|$94.6 y$
 * β−
 * 168Eu
 * rowspan=2|0+
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β−, n
 * 167Eu
 * 9.4(2) h
 * β−
 * 156Eu
 * 0+
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 156mSm
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1397.55(9) keV
 * 185(7) ns
 * 5−
 * 157Sm
 * style="text-align:right" | 62
 * style="text-align:right" | 95
 * 156.92836(5)
 * 8.03(7) min
 * β−
 * 157Eu
 * (3/2−)
 * 158Sm
 * style="text-align:right" | 62
 * style="text-align:right" | 96
 * 157.92999(8)
 * 5.30(3) min
 * β−
 * 158Eu
 * 0+
 * 159Sm
 * style="text-align:right" | 62
 * style="text-align:right" | 97
 * 158.93321(11)
 * 11.37(15) s
 * β−
 * 159Eu
 * 5/2−
 * 160Sm
 * style="text-align:right" | 62
 * style="text-align:right" | 98
 * 159.93514(21)#
 * 9.6(3) s
 * β−
 * 160Eu
 * 0+
 * 161Sm
 * style="text-align:right" | 62
 * style="text-align:right" | 99
 * 160.93883(32)#
 * β−
 * 161Eu
 * 7/2+#
 * 162Sm
 * style="text-align:right" | 62
 * style="text-align:right" | 100
 * 161.94122(54)#
 * β−
 * 162Eu
 * 0+
 * 163Sm
 * style="text-align:right" | 62
 * style="text-align:right" | 101
 * 162.94536(75)#
 * β−
 * 163Eu
 * 1/2−#
 * 164Sm
 * style="text-align:right" | 62
 * style="text-align:right" | 102
 * 163.94828(86)#
 * β−
 * 164Eu
 * 0+
 * rowspan=2|165Sm
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 62
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 103
 * rowspan=2|164.95298(97)#
 * rowspan=2|$46.285 h$
 * β− (98.64%)
 * 165Eu
 * rowspan=2|5/2−#
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β−, n (1.36%)
 * 164Eu
 * rowspan=2|166Sm
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 62
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 104
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|$2.3 years$
 * β− (95.62%)
 * 166Eu
 * rowspan=2|0+
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β−, n (4.38%)
 * 165Eu
 * rowspan=2|167Sm
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 62
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 105
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|$4.349 s$
 * β−
 * 167Eu
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β−, n
 * 166Eu
 * rowspan=2|168Sm
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 62
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 106
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|$3.369 s$
 * β−
 * 168Eu
 * rowspan=2|0+
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β−, n
 * 167Eu
 * 164Eu
 * rowspan=2|166Sm
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 62
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 104
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|$1.744 s$
 * β− (95.62%)
 * 166Eu
 * rowspan=2|0+
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β−, n (4.38%)
 * 165Eu
 * rowspan=2|167Sm
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 62
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 105
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|$1.422 s$
 * β−
 * 167Eu
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β−, n
 * 166Eu
 * rowspan=2|168Sm
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 62
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 106
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|$592 ms$
 * β−
 * 168Eu
 * rowspan=2|0+
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β−, n
 * 167Eu
 * rowspan=2|0+
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β−, n
 * 167Eu
 * 167Eu

Samarium-149
Samarium-149 (149Sm) is an observationally stable isotope of samarium (predicted to decay, but no decays have ever been observed, giving it a half-life at least several orders of magnitude longer than the age of the universe), and a product of the decay chain from the fission product 149Nd (yield 1.0888%). 149Sm is a neutron-absorbing nuclear poison with significant effect on nuclear reactor operation, second only to 135Xe. Its neutron cross section is 40140 barns for thermal neutrons.

The equilibrium concentration (and thus the poisoning effect) builds to an equilibrium value in about 500 hours (about 20 days) of reactor operation, and since 149Sm is stable, the concentration remains essentially constant during further reactor operation. This contrasts with xenon-135, which accumulates from the beta decay of iodine-135 (a short lived fission product) and has a high neutron cross section, but itself decays with a half-life of 9.2 hours (so does not remain in constant concentration long after the reactor shutdown), causing the so-called xenon pit.

Samarium-151
Samarium-151 (151Sm) has a half-life of 88.8 years, undergoing low-energy beta decay, and has a fission product yield of 0.4203% for thermal neutrons and 235U, about 39% of 149Sm's yield. The yield is somewhat higher for 239Pu.

Its neutron absorption cross section for thermal neutrons is high at 15200 barns, about 38% of 149Sm's absorption cross section, or about 20 times that of 235U. Since the ratios between the production and absorption rates of 151Sm and 149Sm are almost equal, the two isotopes should reach similar equilibrium concentrations. Since 149Sm reaches equilibrium in about 500 hours (20 days), 151Sm should reach equilibrium in about 50 days.

Since nuclear fuel is used for several years (burnup) in a nuclear power plant, the final amount of 151Sm in the spent nuclear fuel at discharge is only a small fraction of the total 151Sm produced during the use of the fuel. According to one study, the mass fraction of 151Sm in spent fuel is about 0.0025 for heavy loading of MOX fuel and about half that for uranium fuel, which is roughly two orders of magnitude less than the mass fraction of about 0.15 for the medium-lived fission product 137Cs. The decay energy of 151Sm is also about an order of magnitude less than that of 137Cs. The low yield, low survival rate, and low decay energy mean that 151Sm has insignificant nuclear waste impact compared to the two main medium-lived fission products 137Cs and 90Sr.
 * ANL factsheet

Samarium-153
Samarium-153 (153Sm) has a half-life of 46.3 hours, undergoing β− decay into 153Eu. As a component of samarium lexidronam, it is used in palliation of bone cancer. It is treated by the body in a similar manner to calcium, and it localizes selectively to bone.

title: Isotopes of samarium


text:
Isotopes of promethium

Promethium (61Pm) is an artificial element, except in trace quantities as a product of spontaneous fission of 238U and 235U and alpha decay of 151Eu, and thus a standard atomic weight cannot be given. Like all artificial elements, it has no stable isotopes. It was first synthesized in 1945.

Forty-one radioisotopes have been characterized, with the most stable being 145Pm with a half-life of 17.7 years, 146Pm with a half-life of 5.53 years, and 147Pm with a half-life of 2.6234 years. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives that are less than 365 days, and the majority of these have half-lives that are less than 30 seconds. This element also has 18 meta states with the most stable being 148mPm (t1/2 41.29 days), 152m2Pm (t1/2 13.8 minutes) and 152mPm (t1/2 7.52 minutes).

The isotopes of promethium range in mass number from 126 to 166. The primary decay mode for 146Pm and lighter isotopes is electron capture, and the primary mode for heavier isotopes is beta decay. The primary decay products before 146Pm are isotopes of neodymium, and the primary products after are isotopes of samarium.

List of isotopes

 * 126Pm
 * style="text-align:right" | 61
 * style="text-align:right" | 65
 * 125.95752(54)#
 * 0.5# s
 * 127Pm
 * style="text-align:right" | 61
 * style="text-align:right" | 66
 * 126.95163(64)#
 * 1# s
 * 5/2+#
 * rowspan=2|128Pm
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 61
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 67
 * rowspan=2|127.94842(43)#
 * rowspan=2|1.0(3) s
 * β+
 * 128Nd
 * rowspan=2|6+#
 * rowspan=2|
 * p
 * 127Nd
 * 129Pm
 * style="text-align:right" | 61
 * style="text-align:right" | 68
 * 128.94316(43)#
 * 3# s [>200 ns]
 * β+
 * 129Nd
 * 5/2+#
 * rowspan=2|130Pm
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 61
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 69
 * rowspan=2|129.94045(32)#
 * rowspan=2|2.6(2) s
 * β+
 * 130Nd
 * rowspan=2|(5+, 6+, 4+)
 * rowspan=2|
 * β+, p (rare)
 * 129Pr
 * rowspan=2|131Pm
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 61
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 70
 * rowspan=2|130.93587(21)#
 * rowspan=2|6.3(8) s
 * β+, p
 * 130Pr
 * rowspan=2|5/2+#
 * rowspan=2|
 * β+
 * 131Nd
 * rowspan=2|132Pm
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 61
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 71
 * rowspan=2|131.93375(21)#
 * rowspan=2|6.2(6) s
 * β+
 * 132Nd
 * rowspan=2|(3+)
 * rowspan=2|
 * β+, p (5×10−5%)
 * 131Pr
 * 133Pm
 * style="text-align:right" | 61
 * style="text-align:right" | 72
 * 132.92978(5)
 * 15(3) s
 * β+
 * 133Nd
 * (3/2+)
 * rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 133mPm
 * rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 130.4(10) keV
 * rowspan=2|10# s
 * β+
 * 133Nd
 * rowspan=2|(11/2−)
 * rowspan=2|
 * IT
 * 133Pm
 * 134Pm
 * style="text-align:right" | 61
 * style="text-align:right" | 73
 * 133.92835(6)
 * 22(1) s
 * β+
 * 134Nd
 * (5+)
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 134mPm
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 0(100)# keV
 * ~5 s
 * IT
 * 134Pm
 * (2+)
 * 135Pm
 * style="text-align:right" | 61
 * style="text-align:right" | 74
 * 134.92488(6)
 * 49(3) s
 * β+
 * 135Nd
 * (5/2+, 3/2+)
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 135mPm
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 50(100)# keV
 * 40(3) s
 * β+
 * 135Nd
 * (11/2−)
 * 136Pm
 * style="text-align:right" | 61
 * style="text-align:right" | 75
 * 135.92357(8)
 * 107(6) s
 * β+
 * 136Nd
 * (5−)
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 136mPm
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 130(120) keV
 * 47(2) s
 * β+
 * 136Nd
 * (2+)
 * 137Pm
 * style="text-align:right" | 61
 * style="text-align:right" | 76
 * 136.920479(14)
 * 2# min
 * β+
 * 137Nd
 * 5/2+#
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 137mPm
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 150(50) keV
 * 2.4(1) min
 * β+
 * 137Nd
 * 11/2−
 * 138Pm
 * style="text-align:right" | 61
 * style="text-align:right" | 77
 * 137.919548(30)
 * 10(2) s
 * β+
 * 138Nd
 * 1+#
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 138mPm
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 30(30) keV
 * 3.24(5) min
 * β+
 * 138Nd
 * 5−#
 * 139Pm
 * style="text-align:right" | 61
 * style="text-align:right" | 78
 * 138.916804(14)
 * 4.15(5) min
 * β+
 * 139Nd
 * (5/2)+
 * rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 139mPm
 * rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 188.7(3) keV
 * rowspan=2|180(20) ms
 * IT (99.83%)
 * 139Pm
 * rowspan=2|(11/2)−
 * rowspan=2|
 * β+ (0.17%)
 * 139Nd
 * 140Pm
 * style="text-align:right" | 61
 * style="text-align:right" | 79
 * 139.91604(4)
 * 9.2(2) s
 * β+
 * 140Nd
 * 1+
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 140mPm
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 420(40) keV
 * 5.95(5) min
 * β+
 * 140Nd
 * 8−
 * 141Pm
 * style="text-align:right" | 61
 * style="text-align:right" | 80
 * 140.913555(15)
 * 20.90(5) min
 * β+
 * 141Nd
 * 5/2+
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 141m1Pm
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 628.40(10) keV
 * 630(20) ns
 * 11/2−
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 141m2Pm
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2530.9(5) keV
 * >2 μs
 * 142Pm
 * style="text-align:right" | 61
 * style="text-align:right" | 81
 * 141.912874(27)
 * 40.5(5) s
 * β+
 * 142Nd
 * 1+
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 142mPm
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 883.17(16) keV
 * 2.0(2) ms
 * IT
 * 142Pm
 * (8)−
 * rowspan=2|143Pm
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 61
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 82
 * rowspan=2 | 142.910933(4)
 * rowspan=2 | 265(7) d
 * EC
 * rowspan=2 | 143Nd
 * rowspan=2 | 5/2+
 * rowspan=2 |
 * β+ (<5.7×10−6%)
 * rowspan=2|144Pm
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 61
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 83
 * rowspan=2 | 143.912591(3)
 * rowspan=2 | 363(14) d
 * EC
 * rowspan=2 | 144Nd
 * rowspan=2 | 5−
 * rowspan=2 |
 * β+ (<8×10−5%)
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 144m1Pm
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 840.90(5) keV
 * 780(200) ns
 * (9)+
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 144m2Pm
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 8595.8(22) keV
 * ~2.7 μs
 * (27+)
 * rowspan=2|145Pm
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 61
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 84
 * rowspan=2|144.912749(3)
 * rowspan=2|17.7(4) y
 * EC
 * 145Nd
 * rowspan=2|5/2+
 * rowspan=2|
 * α (2.8×10−7%)
 * 141Pr
 * rowspan=2|146Pm
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 61
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 85
 * rowspan=2|145.914696(5)
 * rowspan=2|5.53(5) y
 * EC (66%)
 * 146Nd
 * rowspan=2|3−
 * rowspan=2|
 * β− (34%)
 * 146Sm
 * 147Pm
 * style="text-align:right" | 61
 * style="text-align:right" | 86
 * 146.9151385(26)
 * 2.6234(2) y
 * β−
 * 147Sm
 * 7/2+
 * Trace
 * 148Pm
 * style="text-align:right" | 61
 * style="text-align:right" | 87
 * 147.917475(7)
 * 5.368(2) d
 * β−
 * 148Sm
 * 1−
 * rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 148mPm
 * rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 137.9(3) keV
 * rowspan=2|41.29(11) d
 * β− (95%)
 * 148Sm
 * rowspan=2|5−, 6−
 * rowspan=2|
 * IT (5%)
 * 148Pm
 * 149Pm
 * style="text-align:right" | 61
 * style="text-align:right" | 88
 * 148.918334(4)
 * 53.08(5) h
 * β−
 * 149Sm
 * 7/2+
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 149mPm
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 240.214(7) keV
 * 35(3) μs
 * 11/2−
 * 150Pm
 * style="text-align:right" | 61
 * style="text-align:right" | 89
 * 149.920984(22)
 * 2.68(2) h
 * β−
 * 150Sm
 * (1−)
 * 151Pm
 * style="text-align:right" | 61
 * style="text-align:right" | 90
 * 150.921207(6)
 * 28.40(4) h
 * β−
 * 151Sm
 * 5/2+
 * 152Pm
 * style="text-align:right" | 61
 * style="text-align:right" | 91
 * 151.923497(28)
 * 4.12(8) min
 * β−
 * 152Sm
 * 1+
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 152m1Pm
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 140(90) keV
 * 7.52(8) min
 * 4−
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 152m2Pm
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 250(150)# keV
 * 13.8(2) min
 * (8)
 * 153Pm
 * style="text-align:right" | 61
 * style="text-align:right" | 92
 * 152.924117(12)
 * 5.25(2) min
 * β−
 * 153Sm
 * 5/2−
 * 154Pm
 * style="text-align:right" | 61
 * style="text-align:right" | 93
 * 153.92646(5)
 * 1.73(10) min
 * β−
 * 154Sm
 * (0, 1)
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 154mPm
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 120(120) keV
 * 2.68(7) min
 * β−
 * 154Sm
 * (3, 4)
 * 155Pm
 * style="text-align:right" | 61
 * style="text-align:right" | 94
 * 154.92810(3)
 * 41.5(2) s
 * β−
 * 155Sm
 * (5/2−)
 * 156Pm
 * style="text-align:right" | 61
 * style="text-align:right" | 95
 * 155.93106(4)
 * 26.70(10) s
 * β−
 * 156Sm
 * 4−
 * 157Pm
 * style="text-align:right" | 61
 * style="text-align:right" | 96
 * 156.93304(12)
 * 10.56(10) s
 * β−
 * 157Sm
 * (5/2−)
 * 158Pm
 * style="text-align:right" | 61
 * style="text-align:right" | 97
 * 157.93656(14)
 * 4.8(5) s
 * β−
 * 158Sm
 * 159Pm
 * style="text-align:right" | 61
 * style="text-align:right" | 98
 * 158.93897(21)#
 * β−
 * 159Sm
 * 5/2−#
 * 160Pm
 * style="text-align:right" | 61
 * style="text-align:right" | 99
 * 159.94299(32)#
 * β−
 * 160Sm
 * rowspan=2|161Pm
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 61
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 100
 * rowspan=2|160.94586(54)#
 * rowspan=2|$1.648 s$
 * β− (98.91%)
 * 161Sm
 * rowspan=2|5/2−#
 * rowspan=2|
 * β−, n (1.09%)
 * 160Sm
 * rowspan=2|162Pm
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 61
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 101
 * rowspan=2|161.95029(75)#
 * rowspan=2|$874 ms$
 * β− (98.21%)
 * 162Sm
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β−, n (1.79%)
 * 161Sm
 * rowspan=2|163Pm
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 61
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 102
 * rowspan=2|162.95368(86)#
 * rowspan=2|$724 ms$
 * β− (95%)
 * 163Sm
 * rowspan=2|5/2−#
 * rowspan=2|
 * β−, n (1.79%)
 * 162Sm
 * rowspan=2|164Pm
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 61
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 103
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|$467 ms$
 * β− (93.82%)
 * 164Sm
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β−, n (6.18%)
 * 163Sm
 * rowspan=2|165Pm
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 61
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 104
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|$362 ms$
 * β− (86.74%)
 * 165Sm
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β−, n (13.26%)
 * 164Sm
 * rowspan=2|166Pm
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 61
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 105
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|$280 ms$
 * β−
 * 166Sm
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β−, n
 * 165Sm
 * 154Sm
 * (3, 4)
 * 155Pm
 * style="text-align:right" | 61
 * style="text-align:right" | 94
 * 154.92810(3)
 * 41.5(2) s
 * β−
 * 155Sm
 * (5/2−)
 * 156Pm
 * style="text-align:right" | 61
 * style="text-align:right" | 95
 * 155.93106(4)
 * 26.70(10) s
 * β−
 * 156Sm
 * 4−
 * 157Pm
 * style="text-align:right" | 61
 * style="text-align:right" | 96
 * 156.93304(12)
 * 10.56(10) s
 * β−
 * 157Sm
 * (5/2−)
 * 158Pm
 * style="text-align:right" | 61
 * style="text-align:right" | 97
 * 157.93656(14)
 * 4.8(5) s
 * β−
 * 158Sm
 * 159Pm
 * style="text-align:right" | 61
 * style="text-align:right" | 98
 * 158.93897(21)#
 * β−
 * 159Sm
 * 5/2−#
 * 160Pm
 * style="text-align:right" | 61
 * style="text-align:right" | 99
 * 159.94299(32)#
 * β−
 * 160Sm
 * rowspan=2|161Pm
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 61
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 100
 * rowspan=2|160.94586(54)#
 * rowspan=2|$297 ms$
 * β− (98.91%)
 * 161Sm
 * rowspan=2|5/2−#
 * rowspan=2|
 * β−, n (1.09%)
 * 160Sm
 * rowspan=2|162Pm
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 61
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 101
 * rowspan=2|161.95029(75)#
 * rowspan=2|$228 ms$
 * β− (98.21%)
 * 162Sm
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β−, n (1.79%)
 * 161Sm
 * rowspan=2|163Pm
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 61
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 102
 * rowspan=2|162.95368(86)#
 * rowspan=2|⇭⇭⇭
 * β− (95%)
 * 163Sm
 * rowspan=2|5/2−#
 * rowspan=2|
 * β−, n (1.79%)
 * 162Sm
 * rowspan=2|164Pm
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 61
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 103
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|⇭⇭⇭
 * β− (93.82%)
 * 164Sm
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β−, n (6.18%)
 * 163Sm
 * rowspan=2|165Pm
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 61
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 104
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|⇭⇭⇭
 * β− (86.74%)
 * 165Sm
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β−, n (13.26%)
 * 164Sm
 * rowspan=2|166Pm
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 61
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 105
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|⇭⇭⇭
 * β−
 * 166Sm
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β−, n
 * 165Sm
 * β−, n (6.18%)
 * 163Sm
 * rowspan=2|165Pm
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 61
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 104
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|⇭⇭⇭
 * β− (86.74%)
 * 165Sm
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β−, n (13.26%)
 * 164Sm
 * rowspan=2|166Pm
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 61
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 105
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|⇭⇭⇭
 * β−
 * 166Sm
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β−, n
 * 165Sm
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β−, n
 * 165Sm
 * 165Sm

Stability of promethium isotopes
Promethium is one of the two elements of the first 82 elements that has no stable isotopes. This is a rarely occurring effect of the liquid drop model. Namely, promethium does not have any beta-stable isotopes, as for any mass number, it is energetically favorable for a promethium isotope to undergo positron emission or beta decay, respectively forming a neodymium or samarium isotope which has a higher binding energy per nucleon. The other element for which this happens is technetium (Z = 43).

Promethium-147
Promethium-147 has a half-life of 2.62 years, and is a fission product produced in nuclear reactors via beta decay from neodymium-147. The isotopes 142Nd, 143Nd, 144Nd, 145Nd, 146Nd, 148Nd, and 150Nd are either stable or nearly so, so the isotopes of promethium with those masses cannot be produced by beta decay and therefore are not fission products in significant quantities. 149Pm and 151Pm have half-lives of only 53.08 and 28.40 hours, so are not found in spent nuclear fuel that has been cooled for months or years. It is found naturally mostly from the spontaneous fission of uranium-238 and less often from the alpha decay of europium-151.

Promethium-147 is used as a beta particle source and a radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG) fuel; its power density is about 2 watts per gram. Mixed with a phosphor, it was used to illuminate Apollo Lunar Module electrical switch tips and painted on control panels of the Lunar Roving Vehicle.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Isotopes of promethium


text:
Isotopes of neodymium

Naturally occurring neodymium (60Nd) is composed of 5 stable isotopes, 142Nd, 143Nd, 145Nd, 146Nd and 148Nd, with 142Nd being the most abundant (27.2% natural abundance), and 2 long-lived radioisotopes, 144Nd and 150Nd. In all, 33 radioisotopes of neodymium have been characterized up to now, with the most stable being naturally occurring isotopes 144Nd (alpha decay, a half-life (t1/2) of 2.29×1015 years) and 150Nd (double beta decay, t1/2 of 7×1018 years), and for practical purposes they can be considered to be stable as well. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives that are less than 12 days, and the majority of these have half-lives that are less than 70 seconds; the most stable artificial isotope is 147Nd with a half-life of 10.98 days. This element also has 13 known meta states with the most stable being 139mNd (t1/2 5.5 hours), 135mNd (t1/2 5.5 minutes) and 133m1Nd (t1/2 ~70 seconds).

The primary decay modes before the most abundant stable isotope (also the only theoretically stable isotope), 142Nd, are electron capture and positron decay, and the primary mode after is beta decay. The primary decay products before 142Nd are praseodymium isotopes and the primary products after are promethium isotopes.

Neodymium isotopes as fission products
Neodymium is one of the more common fission products that results from the splitting of uranium-233, uranium-235, plutonium-239 and plutonium-241. The distribution of resulting neodymium isotopes is distinctly different than those found in crustal rock formation on Earth. One of the methods used to verify that the Oklo Fossil Reactors in Gabon had produced a natural nuclear fission reactor some two billion years before present was to compare the relative abundances of neodymium isotopes found at the reactor site with those found elsewhere on Earth.

List of isotopes

 * 124Nd
 * style="text-align:right" | 60
 * style="text-align:right" | 64
 * 123.95223(64)#
 * 500# ms
 * 0+
 * 125Nd
 * style="text-align:right" | 60
 * style="text-align:right" | 65
 * 124.94888(43)#
 * 600(150) ms
 * 5/2(+#)
 * 126Nd
 * style="text-align:right" | 60
 * style="text-align:right" | 66
 * 125.94322(43)#
 * 1# s [>200 ns]
 * β+
 * 126Pr
 * 0+
 * rowspan=2|127Nd
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 60
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 67
 * rowspan=2|126.94050(43)#
 * rowspan=2|1.8(4) s
 * β+
 * 127Pr
 * rowspan=2|5/2+#
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β+, p (rare)
 * 126Ce
 * rowspan=2|128Nd
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 60
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 68
 * rowspan=2|127.93539(21)#
 * rowspan=2|5# s
 * β+
 * 128Pr
 * rowspan=2|0+
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β+, p (rare)
 * 127Ce
 * rowspan=2|129Nd
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 60
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 69
 * rowspan=2|128.93319(22)#
 * rowspan=2|4.9(2) s
 * β+
 * 129Pr
 * rowspan=2|5/2+#
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β+, p (rare)
 * 128Ce
 * 130Nd
 * style="text-align:right" | 60
 * style="text-align:right" | 70
 * 129.92851(3)
 * 21(3) s
 * β+
 * 130Pr
 * 0+
 * rowspan=2|131Nd
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 60
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 71
 * rowspan=2|130.92725(3)
 * rowspan=2|33(3) s
 * β+
 * 131Pr
 * rowspan=2|(5/2)(+#)
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β+, p (rare)
 * 130Ce
 * 132Nd
 * style="text-align:right" | 60
 * style="text-align:right" | 72
 * 131.923321(26)
 * 1.56(10) min
 * β+
 * 132Pr
 * 0+
 * 133Nd
 * style="text-align:right" | 60
 * style="text-align:right" | 73
 * 132.92235(5)
 * 70(10) s
 * β+
 * 133Pr
 * (7/2+)
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 133m1Nd
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 127.97(11) keV
 * ~70 s
 * β+
 * 133Pr
 * (1/2)+
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 133m2Nd
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 176.10(10) keV
 * ~300 ns
 * (9/2–)
 * 134Nd
 * style="text-align:right" | 60
 * style="text-align:right" | 74
 * 133.918790(13)
 * 8.5(15) min
 * β+
 * 134Pr
 * 0+
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 134mNd
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2293.1(4) keV
 * 410(30) μs
 * (8)–
 * 135Nd
 * style="text-align:right" | 60
 * style="text-align:right" | 75
 * 134.918181(21)
 * 12.4(6) min
 * β+
 * 135Pr
 * 9/2(–)
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 135mNd
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 65.0(2) keV
 * 5.5(5) min
 * β+
 * 135Pr
 * (1/2+)
 * 136Nd
 * style="text-align:right" | 60
 * style="text-align:right" | 76
 * 135.914976(13)
 * 50.65(33) min
 * β+
 * 136Pr
 * 0+
 * 137Nd
 * style="text-align:right" | 60
 * style="text-align:right" | 77
 * 136.914567(12)
 * 38.5(15) min
 * β+
 * 137Pr
 * 1/2+
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 137mNd
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 519.43(17) keV
 * 1.60(15) s
 * IT
 * 137Nd
 * (11/2–)
 * 138Nd
 * style="text-align:right" | 60
 * style="text-align:right" | 78
 * 137.911950(13)
 * 5.04(9) h
 * β+
 * 138Pr
 * 0+
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 138mNd
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 3174.9(4) keV
 * 410(50) ns
 * (10+)
 * 139Nd
 * style="text-align:right" | 60
 * style="text-align:right" | 79
 * 138.911978(28)
 * 29.7(5) min
 * β+
 * 139Pr
 * 3/2+
 * rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 139m1Nd
 * rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 231.15(5) keV
 * rowspan=2|5.50(20) h
 * β+ (88.2%)
 * 139Pr
 * rowspan=2|11/2–
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * IT (11.8%)
 * 139Nd
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 139m2Nd
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2570.9+X keV
 * ≥141 ns
 * 140Nd
 * style="text-align:right" | 60
 * style="text-align:right" | 80
 * 139.90955(3)
 * 3.37(2) d
 * EC
 * 140Pr
 * 0+
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 140mNd
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2221.4(1) keV
 * 600(50) μs
 * 7–
 * 141Nd
 * style="text-align:right" | 60
 * style="text-align:right" | 81
 * 140.909610(4)
 * 2.49(3) h
 * β+
 * 141Pr
 * 3/2+
 * rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 141mNd
 * rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 756.51(5) keV
 * rowspan=2|62.0(8) s
 * IT (99.95%)
 * 141Nd
 * rowspan=2|11/2–
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β+ (.05%)
 * 141Pr
 * 142Nd
 * style="text-align:right" | 60
 * style="text-align:right" | 82
 * 141.9077233(25)
 * colspan=3 align=center|Stable
 * 0+
 * 0.272(5)
 * 0.2680–0.2730
 * 143Nd
 * style="text-align:right" | 60
 * style="text-align:right" | 83
 * 142.9098143(25)
 * colspan=3 align=center|Observationally Stable
 * 7/2−
 * 0.122(2)
 * 0.1212–0.1232
 * 144Nd
 * style="text-align:right" | 60
 * style="text-align:right" | 84
 * 143.9100873(25)
 * 2.29(16)×1015 y
 * α
 * 140Ce
 * 0+
 * 0.238(3)
 * 0.2379–0.2397
 * 145Nd
 * style="text-align:right" | 60
 * style="text-align:right" | 85
 * 144.9125736(25)
 * colspan=3 align=center|Observationally Stable
 * 7/2−
 * 0.083(1)
 * 0.0823–0.0835
 * 146Nd
 * style="text-align:right" | 60
 * style="text-align:right" | 86
 * 145.9131169(25)
 * colspan=3 align=center|Observationally Stable
 * 0+
 * 0.172(3)
 * 0.1706–0.1735
 * 147Nd
 * style="text-align:right" | 60
 * style="text-align:right" | 87
 * 146.9161004(25)
 * 10.98(1) d
 * β−
 * 147Pm
 * 5/2−
 * 148Nd
 * style="text-align:right" | 60
 * style="text-align:right" | 88
 * 147.916893(3)
 * colspan=3 align=center|Observationally Stable
 * 0+
 * 0.057(1)
 * 0.0566–0.0578
 * 149Nd
 * style="text-align:right" | 60
 * style="text-align:right" | 89
 * 148.920149(3)
 * 1.728(1) h
 * β−
 * 149Pm
 * 5/2−
 * 150Nd
 * style="text-align:right" | 60
 * style="text-align:right" | 90
 * 149.920891(3)
 * 9.3(7)×1018 y
 * β−β−
 * 150Sm
 * 0+
 * 0.056(2)
 * 0.0553–0.0569
 * 151Nd
 * style="text-align:right" | 60
 * style="text-align:right" | 91
 * 150.923829(3)
 * 12.44(7) min
 * β−
 * 151Pm
 * 3/2+
 * 152Nd
 * style="text-align:right" | 60
 * style="text-align:right" | 92
 * 151.924682(26)
 * 11.4(2) min
 * β−
 * 152Pm
 * 0+
 * 153Nd
 * style="text-align:right" | 60
 * style="text-align:right" | 93
 * 152.927698(29)
 * 31.6(10) s
 * β−
 * 153Pm
 * (3/2)−
 * 154Nd
 * style="text-align:right" | 60
 * style="text-align:right" | 94
 * 153.92948(12)
 * 25.9(2) s
 * β−
 * 154Pm
 * 0+
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 154m1Nd
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 480(150)# keV
 * 1.3(5) μs
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 154m2Nd
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1349(10) keV
 * >1 μs
 * (5−)
 * 155Nd
 * style="text-align:right" | 60
 * style="text-align:right" | 95
 * 154.93293(16)#
 * 8.9(2) s
 * β−
 * 155Pm
 * 3/2−#
 * 156Nd
 * style="text-align:right" | 60
 * style="text-align:right" | 96
 * 155.93502(22)
 * 5.49(7) s
 * β−
 * 156Pm
 * 0+
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 156mNd
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1432(5) keV
 * 135 ns
 * 5−
 * 157Nd
 * style="text-align:right" | 60
 * style="text-align:right" | 97
 * 156.93903(21)#
 * 1.17(4) s
 * β−
 * 157Pm
 * 5/2−#
 * 158Nd
 * style="text-align:right" | 60
 * style="text-align:right" | 98
 * 157.94160(43)#
 * 700# ms [>300 ns]
 * β−
 * 158Pm
 * 0+
 * 159Nd
 * style="text-align:right" | 60
 * style="text-align:right" | 99
 * 158.94609(54)#
 * 500# ms
 * β−
 * 159Pm
 * 7/2+#
 * 160Nd
 * style="text-align:right" | 60
 * style="text-align:right" | 100
 * 159.94909(64)#
 * 300# ms
 * β−
 * 160Pm
 * 0+
 * 161Nd
 * style="text-align:right" | 60
 * style="text-align:right" | 101
 * 160.95388(75)#
 * 200# ms
 * β−
 * 161Pm
 * 1/2−#
 * 149.920891(3)
 * 9.3(7)×1018 y
 * β−β−
 * 150Sm
 * 0+
 * 0.056(2)
 * 0.0553–0.0569
 * 151Nd
 * style="text-align:right" | 60
 * style="text-align:right" | 91
 * 150.923829(3)
 * 12.44(7) min
 * β−
 * 151Pm
 * 3/2+
 * 152Nd
 * style="text-align:right" | 60
 * style="text-align:right" | 92
 * 151.924682(26)
 * 11.4(2) min
 * β−
 * 152Pm
 * 0+
 * 153Nd
 * style="text-align:right" | 60
 * style="text-align:right" | 93
 * 152.927698(29)
 * 31.6(10) s
 * β−
 * 153Pm
 * (3/2)−
 * 154Nd
 * style="text-align:right" | 60
 * style="text-align:right" | 94
 * 153.92948(12)
 * 25.9(2) s
 * β−
 * 154Pm
 * 0+
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 154m1Nd
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 480(150)# keV
 * 1.3(5) μs
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 154m2Nd
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1349(10) keV
 * >1 μs
 * (5−)
 * 155Nd
 * style="text-align:right" | 60
 * style="text-align:right" | 95
 * 154.93293(16)#
 * 8.9(2) s
 * β−
 * 155Pm
 * 3/2−#
 * 156Nd
 * style="text-align:right" | 60
 * style="text-align:right" | 96
 * 155.93502(22)
 * 5.49(7) s
 * β−
 * 156Pm
 * 0+
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 156mNd
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1432(5) keV
 * 135 ns
 * 5−
 * 157Nd
 * style="text-align:right" | 60
 * style="text-align:right" | 97
 * 156.93903(21)#
 * 1.17(4) s
 * β−
 * 157Pm
 * 5/2−#
 * 158Nd
 * style="text-align:right" | 60
 * style="text-align:right" | 98
 * 157.94160(43)#
 * 700# ms [>300 ns]
 * β−
 * 158Pm
 * 0+
 * 159Nd
 * style="text-align:right" | 60
 * style="text-align:right" | 99
 * 158.94609(54)#
 * 500# ms
 * β−
 * 159Pm
 * 7/2+#
 * 160Nd
 * style="text-align:right" | 60
 * style="text-align:right" | 100
 * 159.94909(64)#
 * 300# ms
 * β−
 * 160Pm
 * 0+
 * 161Nd
 * style="text-align:right" | 60
 * style="text-align:right" | 101
 * 160.95388(75)#
 * 200# ms
 * β−
 * 161Pm
 * 1/2−#
 * β−
 * 157Pm
 * 5/2−#
 * 158Nd
 * style="text-align:right" | 60
 * style="text-align:right" | 98
 * 157.94160(43)#
 * 700# ms [>300 ns]
 * β−
 * 158Pm
 * 0+
 * 159Nd
 * style="text-align:right" | 60
 * style="text-align:right" | 99
 * 158.94609(54)#
 * 500# ms
 * β−
 * 159Pm
 * 7/2+#
 * 160Nd
 * style="text-align:right" | 60
 * style="text-align:right" | 100
 * 159.94909(64)#
 * 300# ms
 * β−
 * 160Pm
 * 0+
 * 161Nd
 * style="text-align:right" | 60
 * style="text-align:right" | 101
 * 160.95388(75)#
 * 200# ms
 * β−
 * 161Pm
 * 1/2−#
 * 0+
 * 161Nd
 * style="text-align:right" | 60
 * style="text-align:right" | 101
 * 160.95388(75)#
 * 200# ms
 * β−
 * 161Pm
 * 1/2−#
 * β−
 * 161Pm
 * 1/2−#

title: Isotopes of neodymium


text:
Isotopes of praseodymium

Naturally occurring praseodymium (59Pr) is composed of one stable isotope, 141Pr. Thirty-eight radioisotopes have been characterized with the most stable being 143Pr, with a half-life of 13.57 days and 142Pr, with a half-life of 19.12 hours. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives that are less than 5.985 hours and the majority of these have half-lives that are less than 33 seconds. This element also has 15 meta states with the most stable being 138mPr (t1/2 2.12 hours), 142mPr (t1/2 14.6 minutes) and 134mPr (t1/2 11 minutes).

The isotopes of praseodymium range in atomic weight from 120.955 u (121Pr) to 158.955 u (159Pr). The primary decay mode before the stable isotope, 141Pr, is electron capture and the mode after is beta decay. The primary decay products before 141Pr are element 58 (cerium) isotopes and the primary products after are element 60 (neodymium) isotopes.

List of isotopes

 * rowspan=3|121Pr
 * rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 59
 * rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 62
 * rowspan=3|120.95536(75)#
 * rowspan=3|600(300) ms
 * p
 * 120Ce
 * rowspan=3|(3/2−)
 * rowspan=3|
 * β+ (rare)
 * 121Ce
 * β+, p (rare)
 * 120La
 * 122Pr
 * style="text-align:right" | 59
 * style="text-align:right" | 63
 * 121.95181(54)#
 * 500# ms
 * β+
 * 122Ce
 * 123Pr
 * style="text-align:right" | 59
 * style="text-align:right" | 64
 * 122.94596(64)#
 * 800# ms
 * β+
 * 123Ce
 * 3/2+#
 * rowspan=2|124Pr
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 59
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 65
 * rowspan=2|123.94296(64)#
 * rowspan=2|1.2(2) s
 * β+
 * 124Ce
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β+, p (rare)
 * 123La
 * rowspan=2|125Pr
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 59
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 66
 * rowspan=2|124.93783(43)#
 * rowspan=2|3.3(7) s
 * β+
 * 125Ce
 * rowspan=2|3/2+#
 * rowspan=2|
 * β+, p (rare)
 * 124La
 * rowspan=2|126Pr
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 59
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 67
 * rowspan=2|125.93531(21)#
 * rowspan=2|3.12(18) s
 * β+
 * 126Ce
 * rowspan=2|(4, 5, 6)
 * rowspan=2|
 * β+, p (rare)
 * 125La
 * 127Pr
 * style="text-align:right" | 59
 * style="text-align:right" | 68
 * 126.93083(21)#
 * 4.2(3) s
 * β+
 * 127Ce
 * 3/2+#
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 127mPr
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 600(200)# keV
 * 50# ms
 * 11/2−
 * rowspan=2|128Pr
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 59
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 69
 * rowspan=2|127.92879(3)
 * rowspan=2|2.84(9) s
 * β+
 * 128Ce
 * rowspan=2|(3+)
 * rowspan=2|
 * β+, p (rare)
 * 127La
 * 129Pr
 * style="text-align:right" | 59
 * style="text-align:right" | 70
 * 128.92510(3)
 * 32(3) s
 * β+
 * 129Ce
 * (11/2−)
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 129mPr
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 382.7(5) keV
 * 1# ms
 * β+
 * 129Ce
 * (11/2−)
 * 130Pr
 * style="text-align:right" | 59
 * style="text-align:right" | 71
 * 129.92359(7)
 * 40.0(4) s
 * β+
 * 130Ce
 * (6, 7)(+#)
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 130mPr
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 100(100)# keV
 * 10# s
 * 2+#
 * 131Pr
 * style="text-align:right" | 59
 * style="text-align:right" | 72
 * 130.92026(6)
 * 1.50(3) min
 * β+
 * 131Ce
 * (3/2+)
 * rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 131mPr
 * rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 152.4(2) keV
 * rowspan=2|5.7(2) s
 * IT (96.4%)
 * 131Pr
 * rowspan=2|(11/2−)
 * rowspan=2|
 * β+ (3.59%)
 * 131Ce
 * 132Pr
 * style="text-align:right" | 59
 * style="text-align:right" | 73
 * 131.91926(6)
 * 1.49(11) min
 * β+
 * 132Ce
 * (2+)
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 132mPr
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 0(100)# keV
 * 20# s
 * β+
 * 132Ce
 * (5+)
 * 133Pr
 * style="text-align:right" | 59
 * style="text-align:right" | 74
 * 132.916331(13)
 * 6.5(3) min
 * β+
 * 133Ce
 * (3/2+)
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 133mPr
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 192.05(14) keV
 * 1.1(2) μs
 * (11/2−)
 * 134Pr
 * style="text-align:right" | 59
 * style="text-align:right" | 75
 * 133.91571(4)
 * 17(2) min
 * β+
 * 134Ce
 * (5−)
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 134mPr
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 0(100)# keV
 * ~11 min
 * β+
 * 134Ce
 * 2−
 * 135Pr
 * style="text-align:right" | 59
 * style="text-align:right" | 76
 * 134.913112(13)
 * 24(2) min
 * β+
 * 135Ce
 * 3/2(+)
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 135mPr
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 358.06(6) keV
 * 105(10) μs
 * (11/2−)
 * 136Pr
 * style="text-align:right" | 59
 * style="text-align:right" | 77
 * 135.912692(13)
 * 13.1(1) min
 * β+
 * 136Ce
 * 2+
 * 137Pr
 * style="text-align:right" | 59
 * style="text-align:right" | 78
 * 136.910705(13)
 * 1.28(3) h
 * β+
 * 137Ce
 * 5/2+
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 137mPr
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 561.22(23) keV
 * 2.66(7) μs
 * 11/2−
 * 138Pr
 * style="text-align:right" | 59
 * style="text-align:right" | 79
 * 137.910755(15)
 * 1.45(5) min
 * β+
 * 138Ce
 * 1+
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 138mPr
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 348(23) keV
 * 2.12(4) h
 * β+
 * 138Ce
 * 7−
 * 139Pr
 * style="text-align:right" | 59
 * style="text-align:right" | 80
 * 138.908938(8)
 * 4.41(4) h
 * β+
 * 139Ce
 * 5/2+
 * rowspan=2|140Pr
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 59
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 81
 * rowspan=2|139.909076(7)
 * rowspan=2|3.39(1) min
 * EC (51.3(22)%)
 * rowspan=2|140Ce
 * rowspan=2|1+
 * rowspan=2|
 * β+ (48.7(22)%)
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 140m1Pr
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 127.5(3) keV
 * 0.35(2) μs
 * 5+
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 140m2Pr
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 763.3(7) keV
 * 3.05(20) μs
 * (8)−
 * 141Pr
 * style="text-align:right" | 59
 * style="text-align:right" | 82
 * 140.9076528(26)
 * colspan=3 align=center|Stable
 * 5/2+
 * 1.0000
 * rowspan=2|142Pr
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 59
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 83
 * rowspan=2|141.9100448(26)
 * rowspan=2|19.12(4) h
 * β− (99.98%)
 * 142Nd
 * rowspan=2|2−
 * rowspan=2|
 * EC (.0164%)
 * 142Ce
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 142mPr
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 3.694(3) keV
 * 14.6(5) min
 * IT
 * 142Pr
 * 5−
 * 143Pr
 * style="text-align:right" | 59
 * style="text-align:right" | 84
 * 142.9108169(28)
 * 13.57(2) d
 * β−
 * 143Nd
 * 7/2+
 * 144Pr
 * style="text-align:right" | 59
 * style="text-align:right" | 85
 * 143.913305(4)
 * 17.28(5) min
 * β−
 * 144Nd
 * 0−
 * rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 144mPr
 * rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 59.03(3) keV
 * rowspan=2|7.2(3) min
 * IT (99.93%)
 * 144Pr
 * rowspan=2|3−
 * rowspan=2|
 * β− (.07%)
 * 144Nd
 * 145Pr
 * style="text-align:right" | 59
 * style="text-align:right" | 86
 * 144.914512(8)
 * 5.984(10) h
 * β−
 * 145Nd
 * 7/2+
 * 146Pr
 * style="text-align:right" | 59
 * style="text-align:right" | 87
 * 145.91764(7)
 * 24.15(18) min
 * β−
 * 146Nd
 * (2)−
 * 147Pr
 * style="text-align:right" | 59
 * style="text-align:right" | 88
 * 146.918996(25)
 * 13.4(4) min
 * β−
 * 147Nd
 * (3/2+)
 * 148Pr
 * style="text-align:right" | 59
 * style="text-align:right" | 89
 * 147.922135(28)
 * 2.29(2) min
 * β−
 * 148Nd
 * 1−
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 148mPr
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 50(30)# keV
 * 2.01(7) min
 * β−
 * 148Nd
 * (4)
 * 149Pr
 * style="text-align:right" | 59
 * style="text-align:right" | 90
 * 148.92372(9)
 * 2.26(7) min
 * β−
 * 149Nd
 * (5/2+)
 * 150Pr
 * style="text-align:right" | 59
 * style="text-align:right" | 91
 * 149.926673(28)
 * 6.19(16) s
 * β−
 * 150Nd
 * (1)−
 * 151Pr
 * style="text-align:right" | 59
 * style="text-align:right" | 92
 * 150.928319(25)
 * 18.90(7) s
 * β−
 * 151Nd
 * (3/2)(−#)
 * 152Pr
 * style="text-align:right" | 59
 * style="text-align:right" | 93
 * 151.93150(13)
 * 3.63(12) s
 * β−
 * 152Nd
 * 4+
 * 153Pr
 * style="text-align:right" | 59
 * style="text-align:right" | 94
 * 152.93384(11)
 * 4.28(11) s
 * β−
 * 153Nd
 * 5/2−#
 * 154Pr
 * style="text-align:right" | 59
 * style="text-align:right" | 95
 * 153.93752(16)
 * 2.3(1) s
 * β−
 * 154Nd
 * (3+, 2+)
 * 155Pr
 * style="text-align:right" | 59
 * style="text-align:right" | 96
 * 154.94012(32)#
 * 1# s [>300 ns]
 * β−
 * 155Nd
 * 5/2−#
 * 156Pr
 * style="text-align:right" | 59
 * style="text-align:right" | 97
 * 155.94427(43)#
 * 500# ms [>300 ns]
 * β−
 * 156Nd
 * 157Pr
 * style="text-align:right" | 59
 * style="text-align:right" | 98
 * 156.94743(43)#
 * 300# ms
 * β−
 * 157Nd
 * 5/2−#
 * 158Pr
 * style="text-align:right" | 59
 * style="text-align:right" | 99
 * 157.95198(64)#
 * 200# ms
 * β−
 * 158Nd
 * 159Pr
 * style="text-align:right" | 59
 * style="text-align:right" | 100
 * 158.95550(75)#
 * 100# ms
 * β−
 * 159Nd
 * 5/2−#
 * style="text-align:right" | 89
 * 147.922135(28)
 * 2.29(2) min
 * β−
 * 148Nd
 * 1−
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 148mPr
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 50(30)# keV
 * 2.01(7) min
 * β−
 * 148Nd
 * (4)
 * 149Pr
 * style="text-align:right" | 59
 * style="text-align:right" | 90
 * 148.92372(9)
 * 2.26(7) min
 * β−
 * 149Nd
 * (5/2+)
 * 150Pr
 * style="text-align:right" | 59
 * style="text-align:right" | 91
 * 149.926673(28)
 * 6.19(16) s
 * β−
 * 150Nd
 * (1)−
 * 151Pr
 * style="text-align:right" | 59
 * style="text-align:right" | 92
 * 150.928319(25)
 * 18.90(7) s
 * β−
 * 151Nd
 * (3/2)(−#)
 * 152Pr
 * style="text-align:right" | 59
 * style="text-align:right" | 93
 * 151.93150(13)
 * 3.63(12) s
 * β−
 * 152Nd
 * 4+
 * 153Pr
 * style="text-align:right" | 59
 * style="text-align:right" | 94
 * 152.93384(11)
 * 4.28(11) s
 * β−
 * 153Nd
 * 5/2−#
 * 154Pr
 * style="text-align:right" | 59
 * style="text-align:right" | 95
 * 153.93752(16)
 * 2.3(1) s
 * β−
 * 154Nd
 * (3+, 2+)
 * 155Pr
 * style="text-align:right" | 59
 * style="text-align:right" | 96
 * 154.94012(32)#
 * 1# s [>300 ns]
 * β−
 * 155Nd
 * 5/2−#
 * 156Pr
 * style="text-align:right" | 59
 * style="text-align:right" | 97
 * 155.94427(43)#
 * 500# ms [>300 ns]
 * β−
 * 156Nd
 * 157Pr
 * style="text-align:right" | 59
 * style="text-align:right" | 98
 * 156.94743(43)#
 * 300# ms
 * β−
 * 157Nd
 * 5/2−#
 * 158Pr
 * style="text-align:right" | 59
 * style="text-align:right" | 99
 * 157.95198(64)#
 * 200# ms
 * β−
 * 158Nd
 * 159Pr
 * style="text-align:right" | 59
 * style="text-align:right" | 100
 * 158.95550(75)#
 * 100# ms
 * β−
 * 159Nd
 * 5/2−#
 * style="text-align:right" | 98
 * 156.94743(43)#
 * 300# ms
 * β−
 * 157Nd
 * 5/2−#
 * 158Pr
 * style="text-align:right" | 59
 * style="text-align:right" | 99
 * 157.95198(64)#
 * 200# ms
 * β−
 * 158Nd
 * 159Pr
 * style="text-align:right" | 59
 * style="text-align:right" | 100
 * 158.95550(75)#
 * 100# ms
 * β−
 * 159Nd
 * 5/2−#
 * 158.95550(75)#
 * 100# ms
 * β−
 * 159Nd
 * 5/2−#

title: Isotopes of praseodymium


text:
Isotopes of cerium

Naturally occurring cerium (58Ce) is composed of 4 stable isotopes: 136Ce, 138Ce, 140Ce, and 142Ce, with 140Ce being the most abundant (88.48% natural abundance) and the only one theoretically stable; 136Ce, 138Ce, and 142Ce are predicted to undergo double beta decay but this process has never been observed. There are 35 radioisotopes that have been characterized, with the most stable being 144Ce, with a half-life of 284.893 days; 139Ce, with a half-life of 137.640 days and 141Ce, with a half-life of 32.501 days. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives that are less than 4 days and the majority of these have half-lives that are less than 10 minutes. This element also has 10 meta states.

The isotopes of cerium range in atomic weight from 119 u (119Ce) to 157 u (157Ce).

List of isotopes

 * 119Ce
 * style="text-align:right" | 58
 * style="text-align:right" | 61
 * 118.95276(64)#
 * 200# ms
 * β+
 * 119La
 * 5/2+#
 * 120Ce
 * style="text-align:right" | 58
 * style="text-align:right" | 62
 * 119.94664(75)#
 * 250# ms
 * β+
 * 120La
 * 0+
 * 121Ce
 * style="text-align:right" | 58
 * style="text-align:right" | 63
 * 120.94342(54)#
 * 1.1(1) s
 * β+
 * 121La
 * (5/2)(+#)
 * rowspan=2|122Ce
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 58
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 64
 * rowspan=2|121.93791(43)#
 * rowspan=2|2# s
 * β+
 * 122La
 * rowspan=2|0+
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β+, p
 * 121Ba
 * rowspan=2|123Ce
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 58
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 65
 * rowspan=2|122.93540(32)#
 * rowspan=2|3.8(2) s
 * β+
 * 123La
 * rowspan=2|(5/2)(+#)
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β+, p
 * 122Ba
 * 124Ce
 * style="text-align:right" | 58
 * style="text-align:right" | 66
 * 123.93041(32)#
 * 9.1(12) s
 * β+
 * 124La
 * 0+
 * rowspan=2|125Ce
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 58
 * rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 67
 * rowspan=2|124.92844(21)#
 * rowspan=2|9.3(3) s
 * β+
 * 125La
 * rowspan=2|(7/2−)
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β+, p
 * 124Ba
 * 126Ce
 * style="text-align:right" | 58
 * style="text-align:right" | 68
 * 125.92397(3)
 * 51.0(3) s
 * β+
 * 126La
 * 0+
 * 127Ce
 * style="text-align:right" | 58
 * style="text-align:right" | 69
 * 126.92273(6)
 * 29(2) s
 * β+
 * 127La
 * 5/2+#
 * 128Ce
 * style="text-align:right" | 58
 * style="text-align:right" | 70
 * 127.91891(3)
 * 3.93(2) min
 * β+
 * 128La
 * 0+
 * 129Ce
 * style="text-align:right" | 58
 * style="text-align:right" | 71
 * 128.91810(3)
 * 3.5(3) min
 * β+
 * 129La
 * (5/2+)
 * 130Ce
 * style="text-align:right" | 58
 * style="text-align:right" | 72
 * 129.91474(3)
 * 22.9(5) min
 * β+
 * 130La
 * 0+
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 130mCe
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2453.6(3) keV
 * 100(8) ns
 * (7−)
 * 131Ce
 * style="text-align:right" | 58
 * style="text-align:right" | 73
 * 130.91442(4)
 * 10.2(3) min
 * β+
 * 131La
 * (7/2+)
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 131mCe
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 61.8(1) keV
 * 5.0(10) min
 * β+
 * 131La
 * (1/2+)
 * 132Ce
 * style="text-align:right" | 58
 * style="text-align:right" | 74
 * 131.911460(22)
 * 3.51(11) h
 * β+
 * 132La
 * 0+
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 132mCe
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2340.8(5) keV
 * 9.4(3) ms
 * IT
 * 132Ce
 * (8−)
 * 133Ce
 * style="text-align:right" | 58
 * style="text-align:right" | 75
 * 132.911515(18)
 * 97(4) min
 * β+
 * 133La
 * 1/2+
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 133mCe
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 37.1(8) keV
 * 4.9(4) d
 * β+
 * 133La
 * 9/2−
 * 134Ce
 * style="text-align:right" | 58
 * style="text-align:right" | 76
 * 133.908925(22)
 * 3.16(4) d
 * EC
 * 134La
 * 0+
 * 135Ce
 * style="text-align:right" | 58
 * style="text-align:right" | 77
 * 134.909151(12)
 * 17.7(3) h
 * β+
 * 135La
 * 1/2(+)
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 135mCe
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 445.8(2) keV
 * 20(1) s
 * IT
 * 135Ce
 * (11/2−)
 * 136Ce
 * style="text-align:right" | 58
 * style="text-align:right" | 78
 * 135.907172(14)
 * colspan=3 align=center|Observationally Stable
 * 0+
 * 0.00185(2)
 * 0.00185–0.00186
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 136mCe
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 3095.5(4) keV
 * 2.2(2) μs
 * 10+
 * 137Ce
 * style="text-align:right" | 58
 * style="text-align:right" | 79
 * 136.907806(14)
 * 9.0(3) h
 * β+
 * 137La
 * 3/2+
 * rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 137mCe
 * rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 254.29(5) keV
 * rowspan=2|34.4(3) h
 * IT (99.22%)
 * 137Ce
 * rowspan=2|11/2−
 * rowspan=2|
 * rowspan=2|
 * β+ (.779%)
 * 137La
 * 138Ce
 * style="text-align:right" | 58
 * style="text-align:right" | 80
 * 137.905991(11)
 * colspan=3 align=center|Observationally Stable
 * 0+
 * 0.00251(2)
 * 0.00251–0.00254
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 138mCe
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2129.17(12) keV
 * 8.65(20) ms
 * IT
 * 138Ce
 * 7-
 * 139Ce
 * style="text-align:right" | 58
 * style="text-align:right" | 81
 * 138.906653(8)
 * 137.641(20) d
 * EC
 * 139La
 * 3/2+
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 139mCe
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 754.24(8) keV
 * 56.54(13) s
 * IT
 * 139Ce
 * 11/2−
 * 140Ce
 * style="text-align:right" | 58
 * style="text-align:right" | 82
 * 139.9054387(26)
 * colspan=3 align=center|Stable
 * 0+
 * 0.88450(51)
 * 0.88446–0.88449
 * style="text-indent:1em" | 140mCe
 * colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2107.85(3) keV
 * 7.3(15) μs
 * 6+
 * 141Ce
 * style="text-align:right" | 58
 * style="text-align:right" | 83
 * 140.9082763(26)
 * 32.508(13) d
 * β−
 * 141Pr
 * 7/2−
 * 142Ce
 * style="text-align:right" | 58
 * style="text-align:right" | 84
 * 141.909244(3)
 * colspan=3 align=center|Observationally Stable
 * 0+
 * 0.11114(51)
 * 0.11114–0.11114
 * 143Ce
 * style="text-align:right" | 58
 * style="text-align:right" | 85
 * 142.912386(3)
 * 33.039(6) h
 * β−
 * 143Pr
 * 3/2−
 * 144Ce
 * style="text-align:right" | 58
 * style="text-align:right" | 86
 * 143.913647(4)
 * 284.91(5) d
 * β−
 * 144mPr
 * 0+
 * 145Ce
 * style="text-align:right" | 58
 * style="text-align:right" | 87
 * 144.91723(4)
 * 3.01(6) min
 * β−
 * 145Pr
 * (3/2−)
 * 146Ce
 * style="text-align:right" | 58
 * style="text-align:right" | 88
 * 145.91876(7)
 * 13.52(13) min
 * β−
 * 146Pr
 * 0+
 * 147Ce
 * style="text-align:right" | 58
 * style="text-align:right" | 89
 * 146.92267(3)
 * 56.4(10) s
 * β−
 * 147Pr
 * (5/2−)
 * 148Ce
 * style="text-align:right" | 58
 * style="text-align:right" | 90
 * 147.92443(3)
 * 56(1) s
 * β−
 * 148Pr
 * 0+
 * 149Ce
 * style="text-align:right" | 58
 * style="text-align:right" | 91
 * 148.9284(1)
 * 5.3(2) s
 * β−
 * 149Pr
 * (3/2−)#
 * 150Ce
 * style="text-align:right" | 58
 * style="text-align:right" | 92
 * 149.93041(5)
 * 4.0(6) s
 * β−
 * 150Pr
 * 0+
 * 151Ce
 * style="text-align:right" | 58
 * style="text-align:right" | 93
 * 150.93398(11)
 * 1.02(6) s
 * β−
 * 151Pr
 * 3/2−#
 * 152Ce
 * style="text-align:right" | 58
 * style="text-align:right" | 94
 * 151.93654(21)#
 * 1.4(2) s
 * β−
 * 152Pr
 * 0+
 * 153Ce
 * style="text-align:right" | 58
 * style="text-align:right" | 95
 * 152.94058(43)#
 * 500# ms [>300 ns]
 * β−
 * 153Pr
 * 3/2−#
 * 154Ce
 * style="text-align:right" | 58
 * style="text-align:right" | 96
 * 153.94342(54)#
 * 300# ms [>300 ns]
 * β−
 * 154Pr
 * 0+
 * 155Ce
 * style="text-align:right" | 58
 * style="text-align:right" | 97
 * 154.94804(64)#
 * 200# ms [>300 ns]
 * β−
 * 155Pr
 * 5/2−#
 * 156Ce
 * style="text-align:right" | 58
 * style="text-align:right" | 98
 * 155.95126(64)#
 * 150# ms
 * β−
 * 156Pr
 * 0+
 * 157Ce
 * style="text-align:right" | 58
 * style="text-align:right" | 99
 * 156.95634(75)#
 * 50# ms
 * β−
 * 157Pr
 * 7/2+#
 * style="text-align:right" | 58
 * style="text-align:right" | 87
 * 144.91723(4)
 * 3.01(6) min
 * β−
 * 145Pr
 * (3/2−)
 * 146Ce
 * style="text-align:right" | 58
 * style="text-align:right" | 88
 * 145.91876(7)
 * 13.52(13) min
 * β−
 * 146Pr
 * 0+
 * 147Ce
 * style="text-align:right" | 58
 * style="text-align:right" | 89
 * 146.92267(3)
 * 56.4(10) s
 * β−
 * 147Pr
 * (5/2−)
 * 148Ce
 * style="text-align:right" | 58
 * style="text-align:right" | 90
 * 147.92443(3)
 * 56(1) s
 * β−
 * 148Pr
 * 0+
 * 149Ce
 * style="text-align:right" | 58
 * style="text-align:right" | 91
 * 148.9284(1)
 * 5.3(2) s
 * β−
 * 149Pr
 * (3/2−)#
 * 150Ce
 * style="text-align:right" | 58
 * style="text-align:right" | 92
 * 149.93041(5)
 * 4.0(6) s
 * β−
 * 150Pr
 * 0+
 * 151Ce
 * style="text-align:right" | 58
 * style="text-align:right" | 93
 * 150.93398(11)
 * 1.02(6) s
 * β−
 * 151Pr
 * 3/2−#
 * 152Ce
 * style="text-align:right" | 58
 * style="text-align:right" | 94
 * 151.93654(21)#
 * 1.4(2) s
 * β−
 * 152Pr
 * 0+
 * 153Ce
 * style="text-align:right" | 58
 * style="text-align:right" | 95
 * 152.94058(43)#
 * 500# ms [>300 ns]
 * β−
 * 153Pr
 * 3/2−#
 * 154Ce
 * style="text-align:right" | 58
 * style="text-align:right" | 96
 * 153.94342(54)#
 * 300# ms [>300 ns]
 * β−
 * 154Pr
 * 0+
 * 155Ce
 * style="text-align:right" | 58
 * style="text-align:right" | 97
 * 154.94804(64)#
 * 200# ms [>300 ns]
 * β−
 * 155Pr
 * 5/2−#
 * 156Ce
 * style="text-align:right" | 58
 * style="text-align:right" | 98
 * 155.95126(64)#
 * 150# ms
 * β−
 * 156Pr
 * 0+
 * 157Ce
 * style="text-align:right" | 58
 * style="text-align:right" | 99
 * 156.95634(75)#
 * 50# ms
 * β−
 * 157Pr
 * 7/2+#
 * β−
 * 154Pr
 * 0+
 * 155Ce
 * style="text-align:right" | 58
 * style="text-align:right" | 97
 * 154.94804(64)#
 * 200# ms [>300 ns]
 * β−
 * 155Pr
 * 5/2−#
 * 156Ce
 * style="text-align:right" | 58
 * style="text-align:right" | 98
 * 155.95126(64)#
 * 150# ms
 * β−
 * 156Pr
 * 0+
 * 157Ce
 * style="text-align:right" | 58
 * style="text-align:right" | 99
 * 156.95634(75)#
 * 50# ms
 * β−
 * 157Pr
 * 7/2+#
 * 157Ce
 * style="text-align:right" | 58
 * style="text-align:right" | 99
 * 156.95634(75)#
 * 50# ms
 * β−
 * 157Pr
 * 7/2+#
 * 7/2+#

title: Isotopes of cerium


text:
User talk:Silversmith

Response
If you write to me here, it may take a long time to get a response.

I may be back, but for now I'm just too busy.

Archive 1 Archive 2 Archive 3

Not seen you around much
Haven't seen much of you around the Wiki - hope all's well Brookie :) - a will o' the wisp ! (Talk!) 09:43, 13 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Yep, I'm fine! Silversmith  Hewwo 09:09, 7 July 2006 (UTC)

glorious photos!
I really greatly enjoy your photos. Thank you for taking and sharing them. +sj + 07:25, 9 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Thanks! Any faves?   Silversmith  Hewwo 09:09, 7 July 2006 (UTC)

Image:始皇帝 (篆文).svg
Hi, thanks for your message on my talk page. I had a look at Image:始皇帝 (篆文).svg which you created in replacement of Image:ShiHuangDi1.jpg. The new image is for the most part a good copy of my image (which is a photograph of original characters engraved 2200 years ago), but there is one problem with the second character (皇). Here, the lower part (王) is not correct. Compare it with my image file. The two upper horizontal strokes should be close to each other and neatly separated from the bottom horizontal stroke. In other words, there shouldn't be an equal space between these three horizontal strokes. For more guidance, you can have a look at the photograph on the right, showing an original engraving from 2200 years ago. I indicated where you can see the character 皇. Look at how the horizontal strokes are grouped.

Apart from this, which really needs to be corrected, the rest is a bit more detail:
 * for the first character (始), if you look at the upper left part, compare it with my image file, you'll notice that the sort of oval/circle crossed by a vertical stroke is a bit more angular on my image. In particular, the upper right corner of that sort of oval is a bit more angular than on your image, with a little stroke sticking out towards the right. It would be great to try and reproduce it as close to the original as possible. Sorry, it's hard to describe in words. If my explanation makes no sense, I'll try to make an image file showing which zone of the character I'm talking about.
 * I think you should use black color instead of the current redish color. Black is the usual color for Chinese characters. Red carries hidden meanings ("marriage", "happiness").
 * finally, you should leave a white margin around the characters like I did in my image file, otherwhise when the image file is reduced to a more normal size, the legend becomes extremely elongated. Look on the right to see what I mean.

Hope this helps. Hardouin 02:09, 7 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Hi Hardouin! Thanks!  I made it dark red because it's pretty!  Haha, and also because we thought imperial seals were red.  Anyway, it doesn't matter.  We've made it black now.  The changes you suggested have been made.  You can easily make more changes if you like.  Just install a vector image editor such as Inkscape and you can easily drag the lines to new positions.

 * By the way, where did you get the original image from, exactly? Silversmith  Hewwo 09:09, 7 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Oh, right, I see what you mean. Yes, indeed the imperial seals were red (actually vermilion (cinnabar) to be accurate), but then, let's leave that color to the imperial seals, and use the more regular black for Wikipedia.

 * The image I found on the same website that you're using. Lol. Hardouin 15:57, 8 July 2006 (UTC)

Ok, I made a small correction to the image, and I added white margins. Unfortunately, I don't seem to have a software able to handle svg format, so all I could do was to upload the image as a png file (Image:始皇帝 (篆文).PNG). Feel free to convert it back to svg if you want and upload it to the Commons. Hardouin 17:30, 8 July 2006 (UTC)
 * OK, thanks. As far as I could see, all you did was increase the margins and move the characters closer together.  I've performed those changes on the SVG version and uploaded it to Commons.

 * To edit SVGs, you can use CorelDRAW, OpenOffice.org Draw, Adobe Illustrator, etc. The simplest program is the one most Wiki people use: Inkscape .  Download it for free.  It is very easy to learn.  You can then make your changes directly and I won't have to go round deleting the bitmap images you create!  LOL.

 * Also make sure that you upload to the Commons, not Wikipedia.  Silversmith  Hewwo 01:56, 9 July 2006 (UTC)

Hi
Hey, I was looking through Facebook, and I have to admit, your face stood out. Dessydes 21:55, 8 August 2006 (UTC)

Portuguese Wikipedia Account
Hello Erin,

This account on the Portuguese Wikipedia is yours?

Thank you,

JP Watrin 03:34, 19 August 2006 (UTC)

Bot
I don't own a bot. Where'd yopu get that idea?-- §hanel  00:28, 3 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Someone is masquerading as you on Commons.  Silversmith  Hewwo 00:33, 3 September 2006 (UTC)

Your photo
I don't wanna sound like a complete wierdo, but your picture on your Erin user page is really beautiful. I bet you've done modelling... Anyway, this was just a random user talk postage. Thanks, bye! Spawn Man 01:11, 22 September 2006 (UTC)

Welcome back!(?)
Welcome back!(?) El_C 14:04, 13 March 2008 (UTC)

Thank you! :) I'll be popping in and out. -- Silversmith Hewwo 10:45, 20 March 2008 (UTC)

Tibet during the Ming Dynasty
I left this message for you over at your Wikicommons account:

Over at Wikipedia, I've recently put the article Tibet during the Ming Dynasty up for Featured Article Status. However, there are some problems with image licensing.

Someone on the FA candidates page had this to say about an image you uploaded, Image:16th Century Tibet repousse.jpg:

needs a verifiable source per WP:IUP. Who is Conan Lang and how can we confirm he has rights to release as GFDL?

I was wondering if you could disclose who Conan Lang is and clear this issue up. Thank you.--PericlesofAthens 16:27, 30 April 2008 (UTC)

 * I've responded on my commons page. Cheers. -- Silversmith Hewwo 00:30, 3 June 2008 (UTC)

Graphic designer needed
I'm looking for a skilled graphic designer.

I need an image for a non-barnstar Wikipedia award with the theme "World Traveler".

I was thinking perhaps the following image, without the barnstar, and with the globe (or another one) superimposed over the Wikipedia globe (or the Wikipedia globe superimposed over it) - I'd like to see the world's countries and the puzzle pieces (with the continents more prominent).

The image also needs a passport laying on the surface beneath the globe stand (where its shadow is, but the shadow should be retained as well). The image's background must be transparent (not white like the background of the image below).

Is this something you can do?

If so, please contact me on my talk page.

I look forward to your reply. The Transhumanist 04:18, 17 May 2008 (UTC)

Here's what I've got so far
Was able to isolate the globe stand, and give it a transparent background:

I'd really like to get a copy of the globe from the original without the stand or the barnstar. Then I can process it before placing it back into the stand.

You wouldn't happen to be able to provide an image of the globe itself, would you?

That would really help a lot, because none of the other globes I've found are as good as that one.

The Transhumanist 02:25, 18 May 2008 (UTC)

 * That's a very complicated image you are after! I can have a go... I found the globe on the internet somewhere and I don't have a copy of it any more so would have to do a search for it.-- Silversmith Hewwo 00:30, 3 June 2008 (UTC)

 * I went ahead and found a different globe and inserted it. Then I overlayed Wikipedia's puzzle pattern over that. It turned out pretty good. So far, it looks like this:

 * Now it needs a passport added (I just sent a passport to Master of Puppets to work on here.

 * When the passport is ready, it will need to be shrunk down and inserted into the above pic, laying at an attractive angle on the surface under the stand and partially under the shadow.  Of course, thickness will need to be added to the passport since it will be at an angle. Then the shadow will need to be adjusted to look right on the passport and on whatever background is chosen for the award.

 * There's been one attempt so far to place the passport, but it didn't turn out quite right:

 * It wasn't layered right, but I also noticed that the fonts need adjustment so that they will be easily readable.

 * By the way, what graphics programs do you use?

 * The Transhumanist 02:23, 3 June 2008 (UTC)

I like the version you sent:, especially the way you kept the texture of the puzzle piece grooves. But I prefer the positioning of the continents in NASA's Blue Marble better. And the effect of putting the Earth in there, rather than just a model of it is also a nice effect I'd like to keep.

I messed around with making the puzzle globe partially transparent, but it kept drowning out the Earth. So I finally wound up converting this:

to black lines on a transparent background, and reduced their opacity. I'd much rather have the grooves of the puzzle globe on a transparent background, with the "inside" of the puzzleglobe removed, and the missing puzzle pieces drawn in (I started to complete the puzzle in the version I posted above).

The Transhumanist 03:04, 3 June 2008 (UTC)

I have a version with all the layer information. Can you make use of xcf format?

The Transhumanist 03:14, 3 June 2008 (UTC)

Possibly unfree Image:Interlingual Barnstar.png
An image that you uploaded or altered, Image:Interlingual Barnstar.png, has been listed at Possibly unfree images because its copyright status is disputed. If the image's copyright status cannot be verified, it may be deleted. You may find more information on the image description page. You are welcome to add comments to its entry at if you are interested in it not being deleted. Thank you. The Transhumanist 21:23, 3 June 2008 (UTC)

Possibly unfree Image:Interlingual Barnstar-small.png
An image that you uploaded or altered, Image:Interlingual Barnstar-small.png, has been listed at Possibly unfree images because its copyright status is disputed. If the image's copyright status cannot be verified, it may be deleted. You may find more information on the image description page. You are welcome to add comments to its entry at if you are interested in it not being deleted. Thank you. The Transhumanist 21:23, 3 June 2008 (UTC)

Possibly unfree Image:Interlingual Barnstar-small2.png
An image that you uploaded or altered, Image:Interlingual Barnstar-small2.png, has been listed at Possibly unfree images because its copyright status is disputed. If the image's copyright status cannot be verified, it may be deleted. You may find more information on the image description page. You are welcome to add comments to its entry at if you are interested in it not being deleted. Thank you. The Transhumanist 21:23, 3 June 2008 (UTC)

Back to the drawing board ...
It appears the globe stand was from a copyrighted image.

This means we're back to square one.

Got any ideas for a "Wikipedia World Traveler" award?

The Transhumanist 23:44, 3 June 2008 (UTC)

 * Well, we have quite a few earth images on commons: perhaps the same sort of idea but without the stand? Also, I use Gimp to edit images. -- Silversmith  Hewwo 00:59, 7 June 2008 (UTC)

Could you create a larger version of this (from scratch, for resolution), without the words under it? The Transhumanist 23:59, 9 June 2008 (UTC)

 * Yes. I'll get onto it asap. -- Silversmith Hewwo 09:17, 16 June 2008 (UTC)

How is this? -- Silversmith Hewwo 10:59, 16 June 2008 (UTC)

Moving forward
We've been working on the images for the awards. It looks like we have the medal done (two of them!). The trophy (Atlas holding up a wikiglobe) is being worked on.

As for the globe-in-globe-stand image, I've got others looking around the internet for a globe stand image we can use.

The link you presented above is a redlink.

I'm sorry I missed it. Why was it deleted?

The Transhumanist 22:40, 30 June 2008 (UTC)

I need your feedback...
Which of the following medals looks better. This one:

Or this one:

Which one do you like better?

Please let me know on my talk page.

Thank you.

The Transhumanist 22:40, 30 June 2008 (UTC)

Unspecified source for Image:Marble-wiki.png
Thanks for uploading Image:Marble-wiki.png. I noticed that the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you did not create this file yourself, then you will need to specify the owner of the copyright. If you obtained it from a website, then a link to the website from which it was taken, together with a restatement of that website's terms of use of its content, is usually sufficient information. However, if the copyright holder is different from the website's publisher, then their copyright should also be acknowledged.

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Unspecified source for Image:Marble-wiki.png
Thanks for uploading Image:Marble-wiki.png. I noticed that the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you did not create this file yourself, then you will need to specify the owner of the copyright. If you obtained it from a website, then a link to the website from which it was taken, together with a restatement of that website's terms of use of its content, is usually sufficient information. However, if the copyright holder is different from the website's publisher, then their copyright should also be acknowledged.

As well as adding the source, please add a proper copyright licensing tag if the file doesn't have one already. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then the GFDL-self tag can be used to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media meets the criteria at Fair use, use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have specified their source and tagged them, too. You can find a list of files you have uploaded by following [ this link]. Unsourced and untagged images may be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If the image is copyrighted under a non-free license (per Fair use) then the image will be deleted 48 hours after 01:10, 20 July 2008 (UTC). If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Do you want to opt out of receiving this notice? --MifterBot (Talk • Contribs • Owner) 01:10, 20 July 2008 (UTC)

Rollback
Hello Silversmith, I have granted rollback rights to your account; the reason for this is that after a review of some of your contributions, I believe I can trust you to use rollback correctly by using it for its intended usage of reverting vandalism, and that you will not abuse it by reverting good-faith edits or to revert-war. For information on rollback, see New admin school/Rollback and Rollback feature. If you do not want rollback, just let me know, and I'll remove it. Good luck and thanks. Acalamari 21:28, 8 August 2008 (UTC)

Commons
Hi there, I left you an urgent notice on commons, and seeing that you are not that active on the commons anymore, I thought I would leave you a note here. The matter is quiet urgent (Otherwise I wouldn't leave you a notice about it here but only on Commons). Here is a link to the section. I apologize for bothering you here on the en, but the matter is quiet urgent. Thanks and All the Best, --Mifter (talk) 23:15, 8 August 2008 (UTC)

Your photos at Celadon
I reverted your insertion of two celadon images to Celadon because there is no indication that the images are in Public domain. According to the file pages, the photos are taken by you, but no mention about the creator of the celadon ware and production date, etc. I traced to find the author by searching "Yume ceramics" in the file name, and found this one, http://yume-ceramics.com/Artists/ An Australian artist named "Erin Nicholls". I'm not sure whether the Erin Nicholls is identical with you, but the page doesn't also indicate the notability of the rather young artist graduated in 2008. The site rather emphasizes on the online store, so if Ms. Nicholls was you, I don't think it is appropriate to promote your art piece via Wikipedia, which is a direct violation of WP:COI. I can not find any single news on either Erin Nicholls, Erin Silversmith but found this BLOG. All images on Celadon are all antique pieces and exhibited at galleries or major museums due to their approved artistic and historical values, and already too many are there. I hope you do not mind my message and the removal. Thanks.--Caspian blue 02:04, 9 November 2009 (UTC)

My images on Celadon

 * Note I moved this response left on my talk page to here in order to gather the discussion on one place.--Caspian blue 05:38, 9 November 2009 (UTC)
 * Yes, I am the potter who created the pieces I then took photos of. I am offended that you would accuse a former Admin on Commons of advertising her own work. In addition, being able to provide images that aren't copyrighted is very difficult, so perhaps you should embrace the opportunity, and thank me for being willing to put my work out there for anyone to copy.
 * 1) I have no idea what that site is you linked to. The other is my site which hasn't even been finished yet, and of the two images I uploaded, one is broken and the other given away and are therefore not for sale.
 * 2) There isn't a policy that images have to be notable. I think it is important to show not only very old examples of a technique, but modern ones as well.  My examples also showed how iron oxide can be used with the glaze.  If you think there are too many images already, perhaps some of them should go and an image of a modern piece added - I don't care if this image is of my work or not, as my aim is to improve the project, not self -promote.-- Silversmith  Hewwo 05:15, 9 November 2009 (UTC)
 * Sorry that you take offense on my message to you. I appreciate you provide the photos of your art works to Wikipedia and did not know that you were once a former admin on Commons at that time I left the first message to you. However, the WP:Conflict of interest is clear, and it is difficult to judge whether the images are released by the artist given the difference of the two surnames. However, if they were not yours, the images would've not fallen under public domain because there is no indication that the author agrees to release his/her images of 2d or 3d art works in the said condition and the modern art piece can not be tagged with PD-art. However, I don't still think it is appropriate to insert some obscure images with no notability or citation on the artist to encyclopedic contents. Besides, the gallery is already crowded with too many images (I've intended to cut out more images since it has lacks of texts in contrast to images), and the removed images of some "adapted celadon ware" do not show how modern potters apply celadon technique to their art piece except the color. It does not also matter whether you're a former admin on Commons, because policies on Commons differ from English Wikipedia, and WP:COI happens all the time regardless of editor's status. Unfortunately, I've seen many WP:COI violations by administators here, and not every administrators/editors are keen at policies, so please do not take too seriously on my linking of the policy. Honestly, I also don't think that the photographs are taken in good quality to improve the article, so well...you need to get consensus on this by opening a discussion on the talk page.--Caspian blue 05:38, 9 November 2009 (UTC)
 * "This page in a nutshell: Do not edit Wikipedia to promote your own interests, or those of other individuals or of organizations, including employers, unless you are certain that a neutral editor would agree that your edits are in the best interest of Wikipedia." --WP:COI I am certain that my edits are in the best interests of Wikipedia and that a neutral editor would agree with me.  I do agree with you that the photos aren't the best quality, but as I mentioned I don't have access to either piece any more, and therefore cannot do better. And I don't have any other celadon pieces. This is pretty bad quality BTW. I would be more than happy to remove the name Yume Ceramics from the file name, even though it isn't even a registered business, if that would help show I have no self promotion interests. I am not a professional potter, I currently work as a dental technician and haven't made pottery in almost a year since my course finished.  I will link to this discussion on the talk page of the Celadon article and it can be taken up there.  As I said though, images of modern celadon pieces don't have to be the two I uploaded, but I think the article needs some.-- Silversmith  Hewwo 06:07, 9 November 2009 (UTC)
 * Actually, nevermind, I've decided to create a page on Commons that will have all the available celadon images on it, which can be linked to from the Celadon article, and you therefore don't have to worry about cluttering the article with images, you can just pick a couple of the best to space throughout, and not have a gallery at all. Here is an example of a page which would have a similar layout. What do you think? The page would need to be checked for images that have incorrectly been categorised as celadon. -- Silversmith  Hewwo 06:23, 9 November 2009 (UTC)
 * Thank you for the kind replies to me. I may be too sensitive about any possible WP:COI due to my observation on several past cases. I found some images of modern celadon pieces (not usual vases or pots) or made by a very famous Japanese and Korean ceramic artist at Flickr, but those are created in early 1980s and 2000s respectively, so I could not upload them regardless of the copyright status of the photos themselves. On the other hand, the very poor image is actually a National Treasure of South Korea, so an editor seemed to insert the image to the article regardless of the photo quality, but I will move it from the gallery. I like the layout of the suggested Commons page, and good luck with the plan.--Caspian blue 06:51, 9 November 2009 (UTC)

Imperial Russian coat of arms
Hi, sorry, it was rude of me not to respond to your message for me sooner. Hopefully you saw my response on the nomination page. Ðiliff   «»  (Talk)  21:37, 30 November 2009 (UTC)

FPC
Hi. I've rethought the issue and included an edit. Thanks. Brand[t] 14:13, 1 December 2009 (UTC)

Featured picture candidates/Review of closure process 2
Because you've contributed to FPC either recently or in the past, I'm letting you know about the above poll on the basis of which we may develop proposals to change our procedures and criteria. Regards, Papa Lima Whiskey  (talk) 01:30, 28 April 2010 (UTC)

File:Escher sphere.jpg listed for deletion
A file that you uploaded or altered, File:Escher sphere.jpg, has been listed at Files for deletion. Please see the to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted. —Bkell (talk) 13:11, 11 August 2010 (UTC)

An old page in your userspace
Hi Erin, I was reading through Bryce Harrington's talk page, and found a discussion about an old article of yours, Towns in Victoria, Australia. I was curious about what happened to it. I discovered that you'd moved the article to User:Silversmith/Towns in Victoria, Australia, but you accidentally moved the talk page to the wrong namespace at Talk:Silversmith/Towns in Victoria, Australia, where it was subsequently deleted as an orphaned talk page. I've just undeleted the page and moved it to User talk:Silversmith/Towns in Victoria, Australia, its intended location. Hope you don't mind. Graham 87 14:19, 11 September 2010 (UTC)

Chun Bottles
Perdón por escribir en Español. Es precioso el esmalte. Gracias.--Kidoma (talk) 17:04, 15 November 2010 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image File:Conrad-schumann.jpg
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Orphaned non-free image File:Conrad-schumann.jpg
 Thanks for uploading File:Conrad-schumann.jpg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described in the criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Stefan2 (talk) 21:04, 3 November 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
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ArbCom elections are now open!
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Proposed deletion of File:WP globe Escher.jpg

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"List of Queens" listed at Redirects for discussion
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title: User talk:Silversmith