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Great Crown of Victory

The Great Crown of Victory (พระมหาพิชัยมงกุฎ; ) is one of the regalia of Thailand. Made of gold and enamelled in red and green during the reign of King Rama I in 1782, the crown is 66 centimeters (26 inches) high and weighs 7.3 kg (16 pounds). In the reign of King Rama IV, a set of diamonds was added to the crown. Also added was a large cut diamond from India to decorate the top of the crown, called the Great Diamond (พระมหาวิเชียรมณี Phra Maha Wichian Mani). The crown is of a distinctive Thai design, being a multi-tiered conical diadem, terminating in a tapering spire.

The crown is worn only when a king is crowned. He places the crown on his own head. The shape of the crown represents the concept of divine monarchy. The tall spire signifies divine authority and the right to rule over his subjects.

The Great Crown of Victory is the most important of the five regalia of Thailand, yet at one time the crown was accorded the same importance as the other regalia.

As symbol
The Great Crown of Victory is used as part of symbol in many public organization and educational institutions. The rank insignia of Royal Thai Army and Royal Thai Police field grade officers (Major and above) all depicts the grand crown.

title: Great Crown of Victory


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Richmond Fontaine

Richmond Fontaine was an American four-piece rock and alternative country band, based in Portland, Oregon. They were active between 1994 and 2016 and recorded eleven studio albums, four live albums and two EPs.

Underpinned by lead singer and songwriter Willy Vlautin's lyrics, Richmond Fontaine songs often evoke imagery of Reno, Nevada, Portland, the Western United States, and Mexico, while telling stories in a style that critics have compared to Raymond Carver. The group has cited influences such as Gram Parsons, X, Green on Red and Dave Alvin.

History
Formed in 1994, Richmond Fontaine started touring the Pacific Northwest live circuit to support their first three albums released on Cavity Search Records. Gradually gaining attention in the UK and Europe the band began regularly touring there. Most of the core musicians and producer J. D. Foster have worked together for a decade, and produced several albums. The band is named after an American expat, "a burned out hippy", who helped bassist Dave Harding when his car was stuck in the desert in the Baja California Peninsula.

Richmond Fontaine first gained exposure outside the United States through a song that was included on a Vinyl Junkie Records 'Loose' compilation released in the UK. This was followed by the band's self-released fourth album, Winnemucca. The band signed with Decor Records in Europe during 2003 with their next two releases proving pivotal to the band's success. Both were made "Albums of the Month" in influential magazine, Uncut, which named both their fifth album Post to Wire (2004) and sixth The Fitzgerald (2005) "masterpieces". U.S. critics have been generally complimentary but have also cited the band's musical similarity to Uncle Tupelo.

The band's 2007 album, Thirteen Cities, received positive reviews across Europe. This was followed by We Used to Think the Freeway Sounded Like a River in August 2009, The High Country in September 2011 and You Can't Go Back If There's Nothing To Go Back To in March 2016.

Other projects
Lead singer and songwriter Vlautin is also a novelist, with five books published since his debut, The Motel Life, in 2006. He formed new group The Delines, along with fellow Richmond Fontaine members Freddy Trujillo and Sean Oldham, in 2014.

Members

 * Willy Vlautin: vocals, acoustic and electric guitars
 * Freddy Trujillo: bass, vocals
 * Sean Oldham: drums, percussion, vibes, vocals
 * Dan Eccles: lead guitar
 * Dave Harding: bass, guitars, vocals
 * Paul Brainard: pedal steel guitar, piano, electric guitar, vibes, acoustic guitar, Trumpet, vocals
 * Joe Davis: drums
 * Stuart Gaston: drums
 * Matt Gilley: drums (one live performance in 1997)

Selected discography
Studio albums
 * Safety (1996)
 * Miles From (1997)
 * Lost Son (1999)
 * Winnemucca (2002)
 * Post to Wire (2003)
 * The Fitzgerald (2005)
 * Obliteration by Time (2006)
 * Thirteen Cities (2007)
 * We Used to Think the Freeway Sounded Like a River (2009)
 * The High Country (2011) (UK Albums Chart peak: No. 115)
 * You Can't Go Back If There's Nothing To Go Back To (2016) (UK Albums Chart peak: No. 65) (UK Country Chart peak: No.1)
 * Don't Skip Out On Me (2018) - Instrumental soundtrack to the Willy Vlautin book of the same name. (2018)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Richmond Fontaine


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Wujek Coal Mine

Wujek Coal Mine (Polish: Kopalnia Wujek, full name in Polish: Kopalnia Węgla Kamiennego „Wujek”; ) is a coal mine in Katowice, Poland. It is widely known in Poland as the place of the massacre of striking miners in 1981 (most often referred to by the euphemism 'Pacification'), as well as being the site of a deadly mining accident in 2009.

Mining operations began in the vicinity as early as the 16th century. The present mine, Oheim, was established in 1899 by a merger of six mining operations existing in Silesia (then a part of Germany). The peak Polish production was in 1979 (3.88 million tons that year).

Currently, the Wujek mine produces sub-bituminous coal with a typical energy content of 30000-35000 kJ/kg, volatile content of 30-31%, ash content of less than 5%, and sulfur content of less than 0.6%.

On 1 April 2017, the Wujek mine was taken over by Polska Grupa Górnicza (pl), and in 2021, it was connected to the Murcki-Staszic Coal Mine (pl:Kopalnia Węgla Kamiennego „Murcki-Staszic”) via an underground passageway. Since then, both formerly independent mines are now operated as a single entity called Staszic-Wujek Coal Mine (pl:Kopalnia Węgla Kamiennego „Staszic-Wujek”).

The name "Wujek" means "Uncle" in Polish.

title: Wujek Coal Mine


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Silence Is Golden

Speech is silver, silence is golden is a proverb.

Silence Is Golden may also refer to:

 * "Silence Is Golden" (song), a song recorded by The Four Seasons and The Tremeloes
 * Silence Is Golden (film), a 2006 short film by Chris Shepherd
 * Man About Town (1947 film), originally Le Silence est d'or (Silence is golden), a 1947 film by René Clair and Robert Pirosh
 * Silence Is Golden (EP), an EP by A Thorn For Every Heart
 * "Silence Is Golden", a song by Garbage from the album Beautiful Garbage

title: Silence Is Golden


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David George Hogarth

David George Hogarth (23 May 1862 – 6 November 1927), also known as D. G. Hogarth, was a British archaeologist and scholar associated with T. E. Lawrence and Arthur Evans. He was Keeper of the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford from 1909 to 1927.

Hogarth was commissioned into the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve during the First World War, and served with the Naval Intelligence Division. During 1916, he was the acting director of the Arab Bureau, and was later responsible for delivering the Hogarth message.

Early life and education
D. G. Hogarth was the son of Reverend George Hogarth, Vicar of Barton-upon-Humber, and Jane Elizabeth (Uppleby) Hogarth. He had a sister three years younger, Janet E. Courtney, an author and feminist. In one of his autobiographical works, Hogarth claimed to be an antiquary who was made so, rather than born to it. He said, "nothing disposed me to my trade in early years." Those years included a secondary education, 1876–1880, at Winchester College, which claims to be, and was labelled by Hogarth as, "our oldest Public School."

In October 1881, Hogarth matriculated into Magdalen College, Oxford to study Literae Humaniores. He achieved first class honours in both Mods (1882) and Greats (1885). He graduated with a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree in 1885: as per tradition, his BA was promoted to a Master of Arts (MA Oxon) degree.

Career
In 1886, Hogarth was elected a Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford. Between 1887 and 1907, he travelled to excavations in Cyprus, Crete, Egypt, Syria, Melos, and Ephesus (the Temple of Artemis). On the island of Crete, he excavated Zakros and Psychro Cave. Hogarth was named director of the British School at Athens in 1897 and occupied the position until 1900. He was the keeper of the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford from 1909 until his death in 1927.

In 1915, during the First World War, Hogarth was commissioned with the temporary rank of lieutenant commander in the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve and joined the Geographical Section of the Naval Intelligence Division. Professor Hogarth was appointed the acting director of the Arab Bureau, for a time during 1916 when Sir Mark Sykes went back to London. Kinahan Cornwallis was his deputy. Hogarth was close with T. E. Lawrence and worked with Lawrence to plan the Arab Revolt.

Sykes befriended Hogarth, who had described India Government as believing they had a moral imperative to the British Raj as the best form of government and could not fail in their duty to impose it on a Province of Mesopotamia. The Arabists rejected this proposal vehemently; Sykes taking Hogarth's research as evidence of the uniquely different situation in the protectorate. The archaeologists knew it was clear that the Raj had no understanding of the different conditions, that there needed to be a specific "Arab Policy" for what had become a frontier of empire.

Hogarth returned to Oxford and the Ashmolean Museum in June 1919. From 1925 to 1927 he was President of the Royal Geographical Society.

Personal life
On 7 November 1894, Hogarth married Laura Violet Uppleby, daughter of George Charles Uppleby. His wife and mother shared a common great-great-grandfather, one John Uppleby of Wootton, Lincolnshire. Laura Violet was 26 at the time; David George, 32. They had one son, William David Hogarth (1901–1965). A granddaughter, Caroline Barron, is a historian of later medieval England.

In 1926, Hogarth's health began rapidly deteriorating due to a heart condition, and he was granted leave from Oxford in October 1927. He died on 6 November 1927 at his home in Oxford (20 St Giles' Street). He was aged 65.

Honours
In 1896, Hogarth was elected a Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society (FRGS). In 1905, he was elected a Fellow of the British Academy (FBA), the United Kingdom's national academy for the humanities and social sciences. In 1917, he was made a Commander of the Order of the Nile by the Sultan of Egypt, and awarded the Founder's Medal of the Royal Geographical Society. In the 1918 New Year Honours, he was appointed a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) for his efforts during the First World War. In 1919, he was awarded the Order of Nahda (Hejaz) 2nd class by Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca.

By Hogarth

 * Hogarth, D. G.; James, M. R.; Smith, R. Elsey; Gardner, E. A. (1888). 'Excavations in Cyprus, 1887-88. Paphos, Leontari, Amargetti'. The Journal of Hellenic Studies. 9: 147–271. doi:10.2307/623675. ISSN 0075-4269.
 * Grenfell, Bernard Pyne, Hunt, Arthur Surridge, and Hogarth, David George (1900). Fayûm Towns and Their Papyri, London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner/Quaritch/Frowde.
 * The Archaic Artemisia of Ephesus (1908)
 * The Ancient East (1914)
 * Hogarth, D. G. and Benson, E. F. (n.d.) Report on prospects of Research in Alexandria. London: Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies,
 * Arabia (1922) (also as A History of Arabia)
 * Kings of the Hittites (1926) (Schweich Lectures for 1924)
 * The Life of Charles M. Doughty (1928)
 * The Ancient East (1914)
 * Hogarth, D. G. and Benson, E. F. (n.d.) Report on prospects of Research in Alexandria. London: Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies,
 * Arabia (1922) (also as A History of Arabia)
 * Kings of the Hittites (1926) (Schweich Lectures for 1924)
 * The Life of Charles M. Doughty (1928)
 * Arabia (1922) (also as A History of Arabia)
 * Kings of the Hittites (1926) (Schweich Lectures for 1924)
 * The Life of Charles M. Doughty (1928)
 * The Life of Charles M. Doughty (1928)

With Hogarth as editor

 * Authority and Archaeology – Sacred and Profane – Essays on the relation of monuments to Biblical and Classical Literature (1899 2nd Edition)

title: David George Hogarth


text:
Chaka (novel)

Chaka is the third and final novel by Lesotho writer Thomas Mofolo. Written in Sesotho, it is a mythic fictional retelling of the story of the rise and fall of the Zulu emperor-king Shaka. Following its first publication in 1925, it was published in English translation in 1931.

Publication history
Chaka was written in three years, from 1907 to 1910. To gather material for his novel, Thomas Mofolo made several trips to the South African province of Natal, including one in 1909 where he visited the grave of Shaka. The original Sotho manuscript was first submitted in 1910 to the Morija Sesuto Book Depot supported by the Paris Evangelical Missionary Society (PEMS), but was only published in 1925. The delay in publication was due to the publishers' being "disturbed by Mofolo's failure to condemn pagan tribal customs"; this led to a disheartened Mofolo's retirement from writing. According to translator Daniel P. Kunene, who translated Chaka from Sesotho to English, at least two chapters revolving around the traditions and history of the Zulu people were omitted from the published version of the novel.

The first English translation of Chaka was published in 1931, while the earliest French and German translations were published in 1940 and 1953 respectively; an Afrikaans translation was published in 1974.

Reception
The novel received a polarised reception initially, with some readers accusing the author of being anti-Christian, in contrast to others who felt that Chaka was "deeply Christian in inspiration and intent". Nonetheless, Chaka became a local and international bestseller.

Moreover, especially since the publication of Daniel P. Kunene's English translation of Chaka, the novel has become increasingly appreciated for its literary value. In a review for English in Africa, Neil Lazarus described Chaka as an "extraordinary and enigmatic work of literature ... demanding the close attention of all scholars of African literature." In February 2002, Chaka was named one of the twelve best works of African literature of the 20th century by a panel organised by Ali Mazrui as part of the Zimbabwe International Book Fair.

English translations

 * Chaka: An Historical Romance, trans. F. H. Dutton (International African Institute, 1931). Shortened and simplified as Chaka the Zulu, with illustrations by Eleanor Watkins (Oxford, 1949)
 * Chaka, trans. Daniel P. Kunene (Heinemann, 1981)

title: Chaka (novel)


text:
Talk:Hairworm

Created as part of the WikiProject Missing articles/Encarta_Encyclopedia_topics Paul 15:50, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hairworm


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Top universities in Central Europe

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was to delete the article.

Top universities in Central Europe
American-influenced rankingcruft, and an inherently subjective list and title. These are all good universities, as far as I know, but so are several others which could be included, depending on exactly how Central Europe is to be defined. We could include the University of Vienna and several other Austrian universities, if Austria is included, and a couple of dozen German and Swiss universities, if we chose to include those countries. Uppland 15:49, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Unless sources are included this is original research, which doesn't belong here. 129.215.195.81 Pilatus 17:14, 27 August 2005 (UTC).
 * The source appears to be found in the "References" section of the article. Christopher Parham (talk) 18:15, 2005 August 27 (UTC)
 * Abstain. One sees that source often quoted. Pilatus 18:22, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to College and university rankings. I wouldn't oppose an article on the whole study that generated this list. But this is pure source material, broken away from its context. Christopher Parham (talk) 18:24, 2005 August 27 (UTC)
 * Redirect, as per Christopher Parham. This type of information is best presented in context. Sliggy 19:26, August 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I agree with Uppland. Do not redirect. I don't see the point of the lemma at all; it makes as much sense as Top universities in mediterranean countries, Top universities in slavic countries, or largest cities east of the Mississippi. -- Austrian 20:34, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unless less you want articles named Moderately-Priced Private Daycares in Western Oregon.  Paul Klenk 21:54, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * delete pure POV. --TimPope 19:13, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Like this, the page is useless. It should be enough to have a link to the Jiao Tong ranking at College and university rankings, or maybe a page on that ranking. But it makes no sense to select just a few universities from it. Martg76 22:50, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, POV listcruft, schoolcruft, and waste of spacecruft.Gateman1997 17:29, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. There is no need to redirect this to College and university rankings. Visitors who want to know about rankings will find that page anyway. BTW, in my opinion the often-quoted source list is complete bogus. --Netvor 07:46, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I like reading all of the pointless lists that people generate instead of writing useful stuff.  Plus,  All of these universities return results from Google which is the primary delete/keep test. 212.101.64.4 07:47, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Inherently POV. Cmadler 13:27, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Bill Ainashe

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Jitse Niesen (talk) 21:57, 4 September 2005 (UTC)

Bill Ainashe
weak delete; nn vanity. 51 hits on Google (not 139 as first reported) seem to be a bit low for a political commentator Groeck 15:51, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - seems vanity to me and fails to establish notability -Halo 16:16, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete -- talking about politics and holding a job are not notable.  Paul Klenk 22:31, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - not a web directory --WCFrancis 22:37, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User talk:Ted Jones

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! . You can add the whois info yourself. Cheers, SqueakBox 15:51, August 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Ted Jones


text: User talk:217.15.96.18

title: User talk:217.15.96.18


text:
Talk:Haldane, John Burdon Sanderson

Created as part of the WikiProject Missing articles/Encarta_Encyclopedia_topics Paul 15:51, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Haldane, John Burdon Sanderson


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Slade Hall

Slade Hall is a small Elizabethan manor house on Slade Lane in Longsight, Manchester, England. An inscription above the porch dates the building to 1585.

The mansion is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building, first listed on 25 February 1952.

History
Slade, known anciently as Milkwall Slade, was an estate made up of 24 acre in Rusholme and 20 acre in Gorton, both in Manchester, England. From about the mid-13th century until the reign of Elizabeth I, it was held by a family who adopted Slade as their surname. They sold the estate to the Siddall family, who in 1583 began construction of Slade Hall. Work was completed by 1585, as evidenced by an inscription on a beam over the porch, which also has the initials of the builder, E. S., for Edward Siddall. The Siddals and their descendants occupied the house for the next 300 years.

Slade Hall was offered for sale at auction in 2002, and was bought by property developer Mel Evans for £527,000. The hall was purchased as already restored and divided into shared accommodation for 14 residents. It was, in the early 1990s, the registered office of the Partington Housing Association.

Description
Slade Hall is an Elizabethan timber-framed house on a stone base, built to a hall and cross-wing plan. There are some brick extensions to the rear, a slate roof, and a 19th-century wing added to the right of the original. It is of two storeys, the upper one jettied.

The stud-and-rail timber frame has zig-zag herringbone bracing between the constructional timbers. A porch in the angle between the main gable and the southern wing has painted lozenges resembling quatrefoils. The main hall has two first-floor four-light wooden mullioned casements; the range to the left has a restored fourteen-light mullion and transom window, with a three-light window immediately to its right. The range of the cross-wing on the right has ten-light mullion and transom windows at the ground floor and twelve-lights at the first floor.

The interior has some exposed timberwork showing the house's original construction. Plaster friezes are still visible in the first-floor chamber above the hall, described by architectural historian Norman Redhead as "crude 16th-century stuff". They depict mainly heraldic motifs, including the Elizabethan coat of arms and the Siddall family's crest, but also an "entertaining" hunting scene.

title: Slade Hall


text:
Talk:Haldane, John Scott

Created as part of the WikiProject Missing articles/Encarta_Encyclopedia_topics Paul 15:52, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Haldane, John Scott


text:
Sam Mitchell (basketball)

Samuel E. Mitchell Jr. (born September 2, 1963) is an American former professional basketball player and coach. Playing at small forward, Mitchell's 18-year professional basketball career spanned three decades, and was most notable for his ten seasons with the NBA's Minnesota Timberwolves, whom he also coached as an interim for the 2015–16 season. Mitchell coached for the Toronto Raptors from 2004 to 2008 as well, winning Coach of the Year Award in 2007.

Mitchell has since worked as an analyst for TSN, NBA TV, and works as a talk show co-host/analyst on SiriusXM NBA Radio.

Early years
Mitchell graduated from Columbus High School in 1981. He spent the next four years playing college basketball at Mercer University (1981–85), and scored nearly 2,000 points, becoming the leading scorer in Bears history. He led the team to both the regular-season and postseason Trans American Atlantic Conference championships in 1985. Averaging 25 points and 8.2 rebounds per game as a senior, Mitchell led the Bears to just their second NCAA tournament in team history in 1985; they would not return for nearly 30 years, until the 2014 tournament.

Mitchell had enlisted in the Army during his junior year, and at the conclusion of the 1985 NCAA tournament he went to boot camp at Fort Bragg, North Carolina. He left one month later when he was drafted by the Houston Rockets with the 7th pick of the 3rd round (54th overall) in the 1985 NBA draft. However, he was cut during final cuts and joined the Wisconsin Flyers of the Continental Basketball Association (CBA).

Unhappy in the CBA, Mitchell quit the team midway through the season to return home to Georgia, where a former professor hired him a special education teacher for the remainder of the school year. With his summer off, he tried out for the U.S. Basketball League, and joined the Tampa Bay Flash, who he helped lead to the league title. He rejoined the Rockets for training camp afterwards, but was once again cut and joined the CBA, splitting the season between the Wisconsin Flyers and Rapid City Thrillers. He then joined the French LNB Pro A team of Montpellier Basket (coached by Pierre Galle) for the end of the 1987–88 and the whole 1988–89 season.

Success overseas led to a renewed interest from the NBA, and Mitchell earned a contract with the newly formed Minnesota Timberwolves. He spent three years in Minnesota, before being traded to the Indiana Pacers. While having a smaller role with the Pacers than he did with the Timberwolves, Mitchell did help Indiana reach the Eastern Conference Finals in 1994–95. Following that season, he returned to Minnesota. Future All-Star Kevin Garnett was drafted by the Timberwolves out of high school that year, and Mitchell has been credited with helping Garnett's development. Mitchell retired from the league following the 2001–02 season.

Coaching career
Mitchell returned to the NBA almost immediately after his retirement as an assistant coach with the Milwaukee Bucks for two seasons until 2004. He then briefly became a part of the expansion Charlotte Bobcats as their top assistant coach, until moving on to the Toronto Raptors when he was named as the sixth head coach in Raptors history after incumbent Kevin O'Neill was fired.

Mitchell was named the coach of the month in January 2007 for his effort bringing the Toronto Raptors back to .500 and leading the Atlantic Division. On March 30, 2007, Mitchell got his 100th win as NBA coach when the Raptors defeated the Washington Wizards at the Verizon Center.

Mitchell, who witnessed his team struggle with rebuilding in his first years as coach, also led the Toronto Raptors to their first division title in franchise history as the team won the Atlantic Division in the NBA's Eastern Conference in the 2006–07 season. On April 24, 2007, he was named 2006–07 NBA Coach of the Year. On May 22, 2007 after leading the Raptors to their first playoffs appearance since 2002, and after much speculation, Mitchell was signed to a four-year contract with the Raptors.

On November 25, 2007 Mitchell surpassed Lenny Wilkens for the most wins in team history. Mitchell was the longest reigning head coach of the Toronto Raptors.

On December 3, 2008, after leading the Raptors to a disappointing 8–9 start to the 2008–09 season, Mitchell was relieved of his duties as the team's head coach. Assistant coach Jay Triano took over the position of interim head coach of the Raptors, which later made him the first foreign-born player to coach a team in the NBA. The firing was ridiculed by the TNT Overtime crew because the Raptors were only one game under .500 at the time of the firing. Chris Webber predicted that they would not be "as good under another coach." In fact, the Raptors went 25–40 the rest of the season.

Mitchell was hired as an assistant coach by the New Jersey Nets on July 19, 2010. On December 6, 2011, Nets hired P.J. Carlesimo and Mario Elie as new assistant coaches and Mitchell was reassigned to a scouting position.

On 2012, Sam Mitchell named head coach of USA select to 2012 William Jones Cup in Taiwan and his team finished bronze medal.

On June 16, 2014, Mitchell was hired as an assistant coach by the Minnesota Timberwolves.

On September 11, 2015, Mitchell became the Timberwolves' interim head coach after Flip Saunders had to take a leave of absence to receive treatment after being diagnosed with Hodgkin lymphoma. On October 25, 2015, Saunders died at age 60. For the rest of the season, Mitchell became the official head coach, although he would still be treated as an interim coach. During his sole season coaching the Timberwolves, he would coach them to the fifth-worst record in the league with a 29–53 record.

On April 13, 2016, Mitchell was relieved of his interim head coaching duties as the coach of the Timberwolves after the last game of the season, allowing them to look for a permanent coach. He would then be replaced by former Chicago Bulls head coach Tom Thibodeau.

On June 13, 2018, Mitchell was hired by the University of Memphis as assistant coach under Penny Hardaway.

After one year as one of Memphis's assistant coaches, Sam Mitchell is no longer with the program.

Personal life
Mitchell lives in Atlanta, Georgia with his wife, Dawn Session-Mitchell. Mitchell has four children from a previous marriage.

title: Sam Mitchell (basketball)


text:
Talk:Fecal Matter (band)

Organized Confusion
i've heard that kurt cobain was also in a band called organized confusion before he was in nirvana.

Gringo300 15:53, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Afaik,Organised Confusion is not a band, is the title of a demo Cobain recorded solo at his Aunt's place during December 1982. See: http://www.livenirvana.com/sessions/home/xmass-1982.php . noctrun 16:56, 22 September 2005 (UTC)

Historical importance
I think that more should written on this page about the importance of the fecal matter demo--afterall, if it wasn't for this tape/demo, Nirvana may never have been formed. I can add what I know, and I probably will but just putting in a request. In fact, maybe the Fecal Matter demo tape and the Fecal Matter band should have 2 seperate pagesFlyerhell 00:09, 26 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Make sure the article on the demo is Illiteracy Will Prevail as that is the title of the demo. See the cover on the first page of the With the Lights Out booklet. noctrun 20:53, 27 October 2005 (UTC)

Cleanup
I tried to edit this article, but I realized that I need to check my on-hand sources first. In the meantime, I referred this article for cleanup. The historical significance of one of Kurt Cobain's first bands requires a more detailed piece.--Pinko1977 23:50, 25 December 2005 (UTC)

Any downloads?
So, the Fecal Matter tape is leaked? Is there a place to download the songs? I do have found four YouTube video's: The uploader claims to have recorded these "from open mic to computer". -- Face 20:37, 16 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Sounds of Dentage (posted April 17, 2006)
 * Made not Born (posted April 17, 2006)
 * Vaseline (posted April 17, 2006)
 * Bambi Slaughter / Accusations / Anorexorcist (posted June 24, 2006)
 * I'm naturally not 100% sure of this, but it ought to be quite obvious that a demo as significant as this one will not be leaked to YouTube. With an accompanying video as well? As far as "canon" goes, Mike Ziegler has one complete copy (which he refuses to peddle) and the NIRVANA camp -- Grohl, Novoselic and Love -- has one. No other copies are known to exist.--Tirolion 13:12, 22 December 2006 (UTC)

You fool. It was leaked AGES ago by I think Kurts cousin. He made a fake tape ages ago..forgot his name. But anyway, he made a fake tape ages ago and actually released the whole tape as a open mic thing to nirvana2.com forums. It's terrible quality but yeah. Fecal Matter was leaked. But in terrible shit bad quality.--NegativeCreep
 * So, you are both saying that above recordings are fake? I don't think they are. The person who sings it sounds a lot like Cobain. - Face 13:46, 27 January 2007 (UTC)

The "Fecal Matter"/"Illiteracy Will Prevail" tape is/has not been leaked in its' entirety, ever. The above statement by NegativeCreep is self-contradictory, as well. The above statement says that the Fecal Matter tape has been leaked, and then goes on to state that it's a fake. Apparently, there seems to be a misunderstanding what "leaked" means. A "leaked" FM/IWP tape does not mean shoddy MP3's made by someone with an electric guitar and a pirated copy of Sound Forge. It means the real thing, the entire FM demo, warts and all, by Kurt Cobain et al, not a faked version by some unnamed "Kurt's cousin". As a recap; while it might seem mighty strange (what with the FM demo apparently being peddled and circulated around Washington in the late 80's by Kurt himself) the Fecal Matter demo is not available. As I've stated before, as of writing the two known copies of the entire FM demo are in the hands of Mike Ziegler and the Kurt Cobain Estate. Period. --Tirolion 12:48, 3 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Mike Ziegler DOES NOT have a copy. --75.80.67.89 02:02, 10 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Okay, if you say so. Have you heard this from mr Ziegler, or? As far as I've been able to gather, Ziegler made a copy of Dale Crover's original copy. I've read somewhere that Ziegler has since destroyed his version. Allow me to quietly wonder why anyone would do such a thing. Is all of this false, then?--Tirolion 08:58, 13 March 2007 (UTC)

Even more Fecal Matter songs posted on YouTube by user kurtcobainwww here. - Face 08:15, 27 June 2007 (UTC)
 * I don't think this is a fake, it sounds a lot like Cobain's voice. And even if only 3 persons in the world had a tape (which I highly doubt, there's no reason why Cobain would have make only 3 or 4 tapes of something he was very proud of, and as it's stated in the article : "Cobain began passing the demo tape around to friends and peers in hopes of starting a new band."), well, I said, even only 3 of 4 persons had the tape, it takes only one person leaking it on the internet to make it worldwide. And I'm sure Novoselic or Grohl could have done it. Me think it should be added in the article.

Definitive Track Listing
i have seen numerous track listings for the demo all over the internet, and have found as many as 17 separate songs with rather cryptic titles... does anyone know what was Really on this tape? Gordonjay 16:12, 2 July 2006 (UTC)
 * I wish I knew... -- Face 20:37, 16 July 2006 (UTC)

I guess only Ziegler and Nirvana, LLC knows for sure. --Tirolion 13:12, 22 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Setlist, according to Ziegler. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 208.255.229.66 (talk • contribs) at 14:52, 11 May 2007 (UTC)
 * By the way, 'Buffy's Pregnant' and 'Class of 86' are the same song but are both on the track listing in the article. That should probably be cleared up.

An odd way to disband--
"Fecal Matter disbanded in 1986 with Buzz Osborne on bass and Mike Dillard on drums." This is very oddly put-- does it mean "In 1986, Fecal Matter added Buzz Osborne on bass and Mike Dillard on drums, but disbanded shortly thereafter"? -- Mwanner | Talk 01:08, 21 November 2007 (UTC)

Article protection?
I think it's about time we gave this article some sort of protection from vandalism. All it takes is a quick look at the article history and you'll see that most of the edits are simply vandalism. I suggest we prevent unregistered users from editing the article, at the very least. I also plan on removing this article's disambiguation link on feces. Thoughts?  ~Asarlaí  15:06, 21 December 2008 (UTC)

What's up with the Time Line?
1986- 12?, 2005-11?, 2007-12? Mistake or future plans.......It's all a bunch of Fecal Matter.Kfcfm (talk) 04:39, 10 June 2009 (UTC)

Track listing
Where are the track listing and times from? There's no source, and it definitely doesn't match what's actually written on the cassete. Seltaeb Eht (talk) 01:21, 22 November 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Fecal Matter (band)


text:
Piece by Piece

Piece by Piece may refer to:
 * Piece by Piece (book), an autobiography by Tori Amos
 * Piece by Piece (2005 film), a documentary film
 * Piece by Piece (2024 film), an animated biographical film

Music

 * Piece by Piece (Kelly Clarkson album), 2015
 * "Piece by Piece" (song), title track from the above album
 * Piece by Piece Remixed, a companion remix album
 * Piece by Piece (Katie Melua album)
 * Piece by Piece (John Martyn album)
 * "Piece by Piece", a 2001 song by Feeder, from the album Echo Park
 * "Piece by Piece", a 1985 song by The Tubes, from the album Love Bomb
 * "Piece by Piece", a 1986 song by Slayer, from the album Reign in Blood

title: Piece by Piece


text:
Talk:Church of the Holy Donut

How is this a Christian denomination? There are plenty of groups that use church but are not Christian... Homagetocatalonia 16:54, August 27 2005

its an example of a parody religon, this is used to somewhat ridicule organized religon, FYI, and is a valid article IMO :). also consider the fact that not all religons are Christian denomination.

title: Talk:Church of the Holy Donut


text:
User:The Singularity

Just a smartalec attempting to right the wrongs, replace war with peace, hate with love and have another cup of coffee.

And live forever.

So far, so good.

title: User:The Singularity


text:
Talk:Haeckel, Ernst Heinrich

Created as part of the WikiProject Missing articles/Encarta_Encyclopedia_topics Paul 15:54, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Haeckel, Ernst Heinrich


text:
The Bakken

The Bakken Museum is situated in Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States. Established in 1975 by Earl Bakken, the co-founder of Medtronic, it serves as a science museum. The museum boasts interactive displays covering various topics within science, technology, and the humanities. Notably, it includes a substantial exhibit dedicated to Mary Shelley's classic novel Frankenstein.

Collections and exhibits
The museum houses approximately 11,000 written works and around 2,000 scientific instruments, with a particular focus on electrophysiology and electrotherapeutics. Notable holdings include works authored by Jean Antoine Nollet, Benjamin Franklin, Giovanni Battista Beccaria, Luigi Galvani, Giovanni Aldini, Alessandro Volta, Guillame Benjamin Amand Duchenne, and Emil Heinrich Du Bois-Reymond. Additionally, the museum holds journals such as Annalen der Physik, the Philosophical Transactions, Proceedings of the Royal Society, and Zeitschrift für Physik. Within the museum, there exists an exhibit dedicated to Frankenstein, which explores the intersection of electricity and medicine depicted in Mary Shelley's novel. This portrayal, as well as the subsequent 1931 film adaptation featuring Boris Karloff, directly influenced Bakken's pursuit of invention. Bakken's endeavors culminated in his invention of the pacemaker and the establishment of Medtronic.

The museum's permanent exhibits are

 *  Spark is the Bakken Museum's latest exhibit, delving into the iterative processes of innovation and creativity.
 * Frankenstein’s Laboratory is an object theater featuring Frankenstein’s monster.
 * Deep Roots: Plants as Medicine discusses modern preconceptions about the relationship between plants and wellness.
 * Ben Franklin’s Electricity Party allows visitors to try out electric party tricks similar to those conducted by Ben Franklin and other scientists during electricity parties in the 1700s.
 * Mary and Her Monster See Mary Shelley’s magic bookcase filled with artifacts and books from The Bakken collection, solve the puzzle of Frankenstein’s story illustrated by artist Zak Sally, and meet a living portrait of Mary that allows visitors to hear about the people, science, art and culture that inspired her.
 * The Florence Bakken Medicinal Garden, along with a statue of Hermes (or Mercury), the messenger god of Ancient Greece and Rome, serve as prominent features of the museum's grounds.

A newspaper reporter once said the venue "seems a throwback to another time when skilled craftsmen shaped stone, wood and glass into places with lasting appeal".

History
The Bakken Museum was established by inventor Earl Bakken, who also founded the medical technology company Medtronic in 1949. Bakken harbored a lifelong fascination with electricity and innovation. During his childhood, he, self-identified as a "nerd," conceived a basic electroshock device at school as a means of repelling bullies.

At Bakken's proposal in 1969, Dennis Stillings, then employed in Medtronic's library, initiated the acquisition of books and devices. By 1974, the collection had garnered recognition within antiquarian circles and was presented with two assortments of early electrical devices. Initially housed at the Medtronic headquarters in Saint Anthony Village, Minnesota, the collection expanded to occupy a floor in the Medtronic branch office in Brooklyn Center, Minnesota by 1975. In 1976, the relocation process to its current site commenced.

Previously sponsored by the museum, the Bakken Quartet showcased chamber music performances onsite. Presently, the ensemble operates under the name Bakken Trio and continues to deliver musical performances in Saint Paul, Minnesota.

Facility
Architect Carl A. Gage constructed the building between 1928 and 1930 as the residence of William Goodfellow, who had sold his dry goods store in 1904 to George Dayton, the founder of what is now Target Corporation. Reflecting a blend of 16th-century English architectural styles, including Tudor and Gothic Revival, the home was christened "West Winds" and boasted features such as dark wood interior paneling, open-beamed ceilings, grouped and arched windows, and stained glass. Originally comprising fifteen rooms and eleven bathrooms, the property was bequeathed to the Girl Scouts upon Goodfellow's passing in 1944. Subsequently, the Cornelius family occupied the residence from 1953 to 1976, after which it transitioned into the Bakken Museum.

In 1999, the museum underwent an expansion project, effectively doubling its size from 13,000 square feet (1,208 square meters) to 25,000 square feet (2,323 square meters). An underground vault measuring 1,200 square feet (111 square meters), constructed in 1981, safeguards the collection by maintaining a consistent temperature of 65°F (18°C) and a relative humidity of 55 percent.

title: The Bakken


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Billquick

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was to delete the article. --Canderson7 17:17, September 5, 2005 (UTC)

Billquick
vanity, product advertising Groeck 15:56, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Deletequick, now that would be a great product.   Paul Klenk 21:52, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete ad. --WCFrancis 22:53, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Capricieuse

Capricieuse is an old English patience played using two packs of playing cards. Some authors call it Capricious.

History
The rules of La Capricieue were first published in 1892 in England by Professor Hoffmann, but did not appear in the US until 1939. Morehead & Mott-Smith adapted the name to Capricious, but David Parlett and Alphonse Moyse retain the original French name.

Rules
The entire pack must be dealt into twelve piles of cards. Any arrangement will do, but for convenience, two rows of six piles each will be formed. During dealing, one ace and one king of each suit is removed, all of which will form the foundations. The aces are built up while the kings are built down, all by suit.

During the process of dealing the twelve piles, cards that can be built on a foundation must be built. Also, none of the twelve piles should be left out, i.e. when a card is immediately built on a foundation, the next card is dealt on the pile the previous card left.

No building is done during the process of dealing until all cards are dealt. Afterwards, the top cards of each pile are built on the foundations or on each other's piles. The cards on the piles are built on each other either up or down by suit. Building can go in both directions, but a king cannot be placed over an ace and vice versa. Only one card can be moved at a time, and any empty pile can be filled with any card.

After the player has made all the moves he can make, the piles are collected in the reverse order the piles are dealt and the process is repeated. This redeal can be done twice in the game.

The game is out when all cards end up in the foundations.

Russian Patience
A possible ancestor of Capricieuse, Russian Patience, is first recorded by H.E. Heather in 1876. It is a twin-pack game in which cards are dealt to 8 successive overlapping rows of 12 cards each. After dealing the first row, any Kings or Aces are taken as foundation cards, along with any cards that may be built onto them, the Kings being built down in suit sequence and the Aces up likewises. Any spaces created are filled from the stock. In dealing to the succeeding rows only the outside cards are available as long as they are not yet covered. Outside cards are those in the top row and those in the perpendicular columns on the far left and right of the tableau. However, the top row is automatically blocked by the presence of a 13th card at the left hand end of the second row. Once the whole pack has been dealt out, the bottom cards of each column are available. Tableau cards may be packed in ascending or descending suit sequence and moved between columns as sequences. Vacancies may be filled with any available card. If the game chockers, the tableau cards are gathered up, shuffled and redealt as before. Two redeals are permitted.

title: Capricieuse


text:
Ragatz

Ragatz, also known as "Old Baths Pfäfers" or "Old Baths of Pfäfersin" in the 19th century and earlier, was a famous watering-place in the Swiss village of Bad Ragaz, situated on the left bank of the Rhine, and by rail 22 km north of Coire or 98 km S.E. of Zürich. It stood at a height of 509 m, at the entrance to the magnificent gorge of the Tamina, about 5 km up which by carriage road were the extraordinarily placed Baths of Pfafers (674 m). Since 1840 the hot mineral waters of Pfäfers were conducted in pipes to Ragatz, which is in a more pleasant position. Consequently, Ragatz much increased in importance since that date. In the churchyard is the grave of the philosopher Friedrich Schelling (d. here in 1854).

About 3 km by road above Ragatz are the 17th-century buildings of the great Benedictine monastery, Pfäfers Abbey, to which all this region belonged until 1798; midway between them and Ragatz are the ruins of the 14th-century castle of Wartenstein.

The monastery and baths were, after 1969, converted into museums and are open to the public.

Johanna Spyri's classic book Heidi is briefly set in Ragatz.

title: Ragatz


text: User:Yanb

title: User:Yanb


text:
Talk:Nancy Drew/Archive 1

Dana Girls question
How (and than what) is The Dana Girls series "more accurate"? --Calieber 22:12, Oct 27, 2003 (UTC)

 * I edited that bit. Left a note on your page. Thanks! -- Sitearm | Talk 21:39, 2005 August 23 (UTC)

Concur with removal of external link
Per Wikipedia external links guideline, I concur with removal of the external link The Unofficial Nancy Drew Home Page as constituting advertising. Please do not add this link back! -- Sitearm | Talk 17:26, 2005 August 23 (UTC)

 * I disagree. I visited the site in question and found it informative and concise. Please leave that link alone in the future.--Flonga 20:10, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I disagree. The site has no value and the web page owner IS a link spammer. 152.163.101.9 15:38, 2005 August 23
 * NOTE: User:152.163.101.9 is an IP address used by an unknown person to leave comments. -- Sitearm | Talk 00:15, 2005 August 25 (UTC)

 * May I recommend you create an account to log in for discussions? Anonymous contributions and discussions are OK but a registered username avoids confusion of your input with that of other users coming in on that IP address. -- SitearmTalk 21:36, 2005 August 23 (UTC)
 * The "advertising" on the site in coincidental to the wealth of information provided therein. If you wish to continue discussing this issue you should really register as a user. As it stands now you just seem like an anonymous crank with a personal axe to grind.--Flonga 23:03, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Flonga has less than 20 edits - all concurring with interests of FWDixon--PhilipO 02:02, August 24, 2005 (UTC)

Flonga is a FWDixon/Bob Finnan sockpuppet. See [] for discussion about User FWDixon/Bob Finnan's link spamming and plagiarism. User:64.12.117.9 11:36, 2005 August 24
 * NOTE: User:64.12.117.9 is an IP address used by an unknown person to leave comments. -- Sitearm | Talk 00:12, 2005 August 25 (UTC)

This user Finnan is a link spammer who has more than 100 links from the Hardy Boys and all of the different Hardy Boys series and titles, Tom Swift, Stratemeyer Syndicate, Grosset & Dunlap, X Bar X Boys, Radio Boys, Edward Stratemeyer, Harriet Stratemeyer, Nancy Drew, and on and on. This should not be allowed. 205.188.117.68 13:06, 2005 August
 * NOTE: User:205.188.117.68 is an IP address used by an unknown person to leave comments. -- Sitearm | Talk 00:12, 2005 August 25 (UTC)

For this article the link removed is not an essential contribution. For your other concerns may I recommend you create an account to log in for discussions? Anonymous contributions and discussions are OK but a registered username avoids confusion of your input with that of other users coming in on that IP address. Thanks! -- Sitearm | Talk 18:21, 2005 August 23 (UTC)

I consider the link in question advertisment and it should be removed. --PhilipO 02:02, August 24, 2005 (UTC)

 * Why then, one might ask, would you leave the link to the Simon & Schuster site? A site which is purely commercial and exists for the sole purpose to sell their books! Aren't you being just a tad hypocritical?--FWDixon 22:07, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Unless Simon & Schuster are the publishers, remove that link too, that's what I say. --PhilipO 22:28, August 25, 2005 (UTC)

Consistent Nancy Drew categorizations
I noticed two categorizations being used on the book articles: Category:Nancy Drew and Category:Nancy Drew books. I think the second category is too detailed for this specialized topic of interest. The first category covers what's needed for now. -- Sitearm | Talk 03:19, 2005 August 25 (UTC)

Page history check

 * The Simon and Schuster link was added by User:Bevo 12:32, 2005 January 11 with the link label Nancy Drew titles with current edition cover art. The article text said: in the early 1990s, a new series of books were created for Simon & Schuster, under the new epithet The Nancy Drew Files. I checked Bevo's user page and as far as I can tell Bevo does not work for Simon & Schuster. So a reasonable assumption is that Bevo added the link as a verifiable citation for a fact stated in the article text.

 * Three fan site links were removed by User:Djsasso on 00:47, 2005 June 15 and 00:49, 2005 June 15 with no Edit Summary. User:Djsasso's contributions show lots of edits on lots of different articles.

 * The first addition of the Bob Finnan fan site link was by User:4.236.54.116 on 06:18, 2005 June 19. Checking contributions for User:4.236.54.116 shows that the Bob Finnan fan site link was added to a total of 72 Wikipedia article pages. A reasonable assumption is that this was a deliberate act of link spamming.

More on the link spamming and commercial advertising. Example http://hardyboys.bobfinnan.com/hbpb.htm is just a list of titles that all have links to Amazon. All of the books summaries were copied from Amazon. Every HB Digest title, Casefiles title, Clues Brothers title, Supermysteries title, Ultra Thriller title and so on has a link to Amazon and all summaries were copied from Amazon. Does that tell anyone something?
 * Yep, tells us you're lying! Here's a link to Amazon's Ultra Thriller page (http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0671756613/ref=nosim) and not a summary to be seen. Ditto for everything else. BTW, thanks for all the links to my site, I'm sure it will increase readership! :)--FWDixon 14:21, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

Retention of external link

 * A consensus has been reached to retain on Nancy Drew one external link to the Unofficial Nancy Drew Home Page. Discussions are archived here and here.
 * -- Sitearm | Talk 16:04, 2005 August 27 (UTC)

Finnan's ND pages are all commercial. Every single title for the series and spin off series has a Buy It Now link. There is almost no content and what little he put there was copied from a book called Farrah's Guide. Was this really looked at?
 * NOTE: The above comment was posted by registered user Swiftfan 16:25, 2005 August 27

RESPONSE: Yes, extensively, including discussion about your comments. Do look at the archive links above, that's what they're there for. P.S. Please sign your posts using ~. Thanks! -- Sitearm | Talk 23:00, 2005 August 27(UTC)

The authors info on Finnan's ND site original series was copied from www.keeline.com/Nancy_Drew.pdf Everything else is just Buy It Now links to 80 or so book titles. Pages for the spin off series have no content either. This is obviously link spamming for commercial gain. 69.205.1.91 11:48, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

RESPONSE:If I understand you correctly, you assert that an external web site has copied another external web site's material. May I recommend that you take this up with the webmasters of the sites concerned, not here? If you think an actual article on Wikipedia contains unpermitted copied material, may I recommend you follow the Wikipedia procedure detailed here. But a caveat, the Wikipedia procedure is only for content on Wikipedia article pages, not for content on external web sites. -- Sitearm | Talk 16:08, 2005 August 28 (UTC)coolio!

Hi Sitearm. This makes sense but what about the link spamming and commercial nature of the web site. The complaint is that there is almost no information or content on the page and what there is was plagiarized from another source. That aside the web page is mainly just a title list set up buy links to Amazon. There is a history of link spamming for commercial purposes with this user. Thank you for your response. 69.205.1.91 18:03, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

Instead of another edit war I recommend the description following the link to The Unofficial Nancy Drew Page be changed to: commercial site with little information on the series. Reason is above. Compare to other links and judge for yourself. 69.205.1.91 21:26, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

The "little information" part is PoV in my opinion. This is why I was reverting your edits. I wouldn't have done it if you had just sad "commercial site". Anyway. I'll leave it as as at the moment pending further discussion. --GraemeL (talk) 21:30, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

Fair enough. Thanks. 69.205.1.91 21:37, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

I changed the word "fan" to "commericial". -- Sitearm | Talk 14:23, 2005 August 31 (UTC)

Archive
Previous discussions on this page have been archived
 * Talk:Nancy Drew/Archive_1
 * -- Sitearm | Talk 16:04, 2005 August 27 (UTC)

Too many Internet Book List external links
I have reduced the six Internet Book List external links to one. Six was way too many. The article is about Nancy Drew, not the Internet Book List. -- Sitearm | Talk 01:41, 26 September 2005 (UTC)

Melanie Rehak book
For anyone who is seriously working on this article:

 * Melanie Rehak, Girl Sleuth: Nancy Drew and the Women Who Created Her. Harcourt, 2005. Reviewed by Brenda Wineapple: Nancy Has Two Mommies, The Nation, posted November 30, 2005 (December 19, 2005 issue).

Jmabel | Talk 10:41, 8 January 2006 (UTC)

"For girls"
Not only does it seem quite sexist to me (I have read a Nancy Drew book), it seems to mean that it restricts the male part of the world form reading the books. It is aimed at girls, of course, but does not necessarily mean that member of the opposite sex are restricted from reading it; that's why I removed both words.  K ilo-Lima|(talk) 19:37, 26 April 2006 (UTC)

I used to read Nancy Drew - it was much more interesting then the male version 'The Hardy Boys'. And I am male. 68.43.91.73

Links to Books and Games
I think combining the links to the books and computer games is necessary. It's mostly duplicates with small alterations. Morhange 00:00, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

Similarities in text to another website
This article is at times word-for-word with an Angelfire site written in the same colloquial style. I don't know who copied whom, but I suggest we work on rewording the text here and wikifying the article to emulate Wikipedia style. Cheers, --Marysunshine 22:15, 25 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Also...there's almost no mention of the history behind the post-hardcover books! What about the Nancy Drew Files? Does anyone have informaion about those?--Marysunshine 23:05, 25 May 2006 (UTC)

Nancy's wealth
It says that earlier, Nancy was clearly affluent, but less so later on. Can this be further explained? Also, does it say anywhere in the series how Nancy managed to solve the crimes without getting paid for them and without getting a job in between ... jobs? :P SKS2K6 06:30, 6 November 2006 (UTC)

nancy drew?
what is NANCY DREW- secret in the stars about? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 142.161.42.216 (talk) 22:56, 5 March 2007 (UTC).

This really isn't supposed to be a discussion about the series, but the back of the book says:

'''Nancy and George are thrilled when Bob "Dr. Stars" Steller, a cool astronomer with a popular radio program, comes to River Heights for the Perseid meteor shower. Bess goes into orbit when she learns that a Hollywood heartthrob and his girlfriend are also in town secretly.

'''But when Nancy finds Steller's van deserted and runs into a hostile rival of the astronomer, she senses a dangerous black hole in the event. Then Dr. Steller finally appears -- or is he an optical illusion? As Nancy uncovers more evidence, her suspicions lead her into a sinister scheme moving faster than the speed of light!

24.183.40.221 00:46, 27 April 2007 (UTC)

Series
This article is clearly about the character. Is there an article about the series? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.72.21.221 (talk • contribs) 06:37, 18 March 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:NancyDrew5.jpg
Image:NancyDrew5.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 04:31, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:NancyDrew4.jpg
Image:NancyDrew4.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 04:31, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:NancyDrew2.jpg
Image:NancyDrew2.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 04:31, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:NancyDrew.jpg
Image:NancyDrew.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 04:31, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

Spoiler
I just deleted a part that said "Culprits: DO NOT READ IF YOU DON'T WANT TO KNOW, COMMON SENSE PEOPLE!!" --Krista — Preceding unsigned comment added by 195.72.234.172 (talk • contribs) 00:44, 8 June 2007 (UTC)

Type of Detective
What type of detective is Nancy Drew (I've never read any)? The article just states that she's a detective, but as she's often portrayed as a teenager, I presume she's not a police officer. Would it not be more accurate to describe her as a private detective or an amateur sleuth? Blaise Joshua 09:42, 19 June 2007 (UTC)

Hannah Gruen
Hannah must approve menus and special duties with Nancy, although it is difficult to imagine that as a child Nancy gave orders to a maid. I disagree with this. There is precedence for teenage girls being technically mistress of their households as early as 13 in Jane Austen. Specifically, Emma Woodhouse in Emma and Elizabeth Elliott in Persuasion. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.243.146.81 (talk • contribs) 15:59, 19 June 2007 (UTC)

"Woopties"
I'm not an expert on Nancy Drew, but I had to do something about the description of Nancy's earliest friend Helen that placed her in the "woopties". I have no idea what that means, and suspect it's vandalism. If by chance I've introduced an error (I looked up the separate entry for Helen, which is how I found out about her marriage) by all means correct it, but don't put back "woopties" unless you can substantiate it, thanks. Accounting4Taste 21:13, 8 July 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:10LarkspurLanePopUp.jpg
Image:10LarkspurLanePopUp.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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BetacommandBot 04:22, 27 October 2007 (UTC)

Lily Tesquort 4 the Food
You Rock!Whats up.

Your Homie G.Lily TesQuort —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.153.119.144 (talk) 19:49, 23 January 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:NancyDrew.jpg
Image:NancyDrew.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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BetacommandBot (talk) 16:29, 8 March 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:NancyDrew2.jpg
Image:NancyDrew2.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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Fair use rationale for Image:NancyDrew3.jpg
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Fair use rationale for Image:NancyDrew4.jpg
Image:NancyDrew4.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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Fair use rationale for Image:NancyDrew5.jpg
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BetacommandBot (talk) 16:32, 8 March 2008 (UTC)

Werewolf in a Winter Wonderland
Werewolf in a Winter Wonderland needs some major cleaning up and editing. If you have some time, give it a go. Cheers, Kingturtle (talk) 14:12, 18 March 2008 (UTC)

Removing some repetitive info
Unless someone objects, I think I'll soon be bold and remove the lists of Files, etc., as the lists are also available on the primary pages for those series. Ricardiana (talk) 08:06, 10 March 2009 (UTC)

Neutral point of view; original research
The more I think about it, the more I think that this article, especially the "Character evolution" section, violates Wikipedia's policies on neutral point of view and especially on original research. I think that that whole section, including maybe the bit I added about 80s, 90s, and 2000s Nancy, may have to be completely re-written in order to incorporate citations. --Another problem with the section is that it's really only about the Nancy Drew Mystery Stories, as it stands, so it needs either to be moved to the Nancy Drew Mystery Stories page, or to incorporate some discussion of another incarnation of Nancy, most obviously Girl Detective. Files Nancy would be good as well. Ricardiana (talk) 17:02, 11 March 2009 (UTC)

 * I'm working on an overview of Nancy's evolution that incorporates a lot of sources - Rehak, Plunkett-Powell, Kismaric & Heiferman, etc. I was also thinking of adding a new section to discuss Nancy's visual evolution - a lot of the current "Character evolution" section is about Nancy's portrayal, and I think that might work better in its own section. Maybe we can add more pictures, too....Ricardiana (talk) 21:25, 11 March 2009 (UTC)

Nominated for Good Article status
Here's hoping!

Also, fyi: some of the images have a dispute tag on them. For more info about that and what I've done to handle the initial flag on those images, please see User talk:Ricardiana and the media questions page. Thanks. Ricardiana (talk) 19:38, 15 March 2009 (UTC)

Reason why Nancy does not go to school
The article says "Nancy does not go to school (for reasons that are never explained)", but the article itself suggests just three paragraphs earlier that the reason is that she is out for the summer ("[Nancy lives] in an endless summer"). I'm not familiar enough with the subject or the sources to make an edit on this point, but I think it should be resolved. —Christian Campbell 06:31, 25 April 2009 (UTC)

 * The reason for the discrepancy is that the source is wrong, or not so much wrong as faux-poetic. The books take place sometimes in winter, but the source wants to convey the fact that time never really seems to pass, and so uses the metaphor of an endless summer. In any case, I'll add something to clarify the quotation. Best, Ricardiana (talk) 13:39, 25 April 2009 (UTC)

 * Again, I am not familiar enough with the subject, so this is intended as general third-party meddling helpfulness, but if winter is the only other time of setting, that is still congruent with being on school break. Is there specific evidence that Nancy's relationship to school was unlike her readers'? —Christian Campbell 17:36, 25 April 2009 (UTC)

 * She never goes to school. It's as simple as that. It's also never explained why. I will find a source if possible that spells this out, but as someone who has read 200+ ND titles and all of the criticism on Drew, take it from me that this statement is a truism. Ricardiana (talk) 20:32, 25 April 2009 (UTC)

 * I've added a source to address this issue. I might also add that part of what makes it clear that Nancy doesn't go to school is the fact that her boyfriend, Ned Nickerson, attends "Emerson University," and classes are sometimes in session for him when Nancy has no such obligations. But this last part is not in a source, so I'm not sure it belongs in the article. Ricardiana (talk) 05:10, 30 April 2009 (UTC)

Article nominated for FA status
Comments are welcome. The link to the comments page is at the top of this page. Ricardiana (talk) 05:03, 30 April 2009 (UTC)

More books?
Some other books are coming out in graphic novel. I know that these books are old and not many people come to this site but we really should care and write the new books. 99.243.196.86 (talk) 16:31, 19 May 2009 (UTC)

 * The graphic novels are mentioned here: Girl Detective. I will try to find a reliable source to add a quick mention of them to the main article as well. In addition, I would note that the article does talk about new books, and many people do come to this site. Ricardiana (talk) 16:42, 19 May 2009 (UTC)

 * Added a mention. Ricardiana (talk) 18:23, 19 May 2009 (UTC)

Recent changes
NDPhD, you have been making a number of changes to the article. We obviously disagree on some points, so let's discuss them.

 * 1) You can't add a mention of the archives re: the fifth movie. That's original research. Do you have a published source?
 * 2) Why do you keep changing the page to say that "most" of the Nancy Drew books were written by ghostwriters? All the books were written under the name Carolyn Keene; there is no Carolyn Keene. Therefore, they've all been written by ghostwriters, under the name Carolyn Keene. What part of this do you disagree with?
 * 3) I kept some of your changes, only adding a reference with a page number to Rehak instead of the one you had to Farah, with no page number. Yet you reverted this - why?

Ricardiana (talk) 18:49, 6 June 2009 (UTC)

Did I miss this?
Does the article mention the fact that at least in the first, blue-bound series, Nancy almost always succeeds by understanding that the sinister-looking, ill-mannered people rumored to have had money problems in the past, really are the bad guys, when others interested in the case had unwisely refrained from judging by appearence and hearsay? How about the racist/ethnic stereotypes, which prompted the publisher who reprinted the origninal THE HIDDEN STAIRCASE to preface the book with an acknowledgement and explanation that it was for historical fidelity? Actually I can post that in the article because the edition itself is the source! SingingZombie (talk) 11:09, 17 December 2009 (UTC)
 * The sections on ND 1930-1959 and 1959-1979 discuss these matters. Adding the bit from the Applewood books is OK as long as you don't violate WP:OR (drawing conclusions from primary sources is not allowed), but not really necessary as there's plenty of discussion of racial and class stereotypes in the sections abovementioned. Ricardiana (talk) 01:24, 18 December 2009 (UTC)

Nancy Drew Notebooks
There seems to be no mention of the series 'Nancy Drew Notebooks' which depict Nancy as a young girl? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.194.205.37 (talk) 05:05, 6 January 2010 (UTC)

Step-brother?
I read most of the Nancy Drew books as a child. In one there is mention of a step-brother that had just been adopted by her father. But there is no mention of him here. Shouldn't there be? Kiltpin (talk) 20:23, 18 September 2011 (UTC)

Excessive block quotes
Don't you think there are too many block quotes especially in the Evolution of Character section? Some of them even in the middle of a sentence. It looks weird.--  Krystaleen  16:51, 13 July 2012 (UTC)

Evolution of Character vague statements
There are some vague statements in the lede and under the above heading, mainly things like "many scholars agree", "most commentators agree", that sort of thing. These are a bit too vague for a FA and should be revised to be more specific. Who are these commentators and scholars? Where were these opinions published? I see the sentences are sourced, but the sentences should name who or what is making the statement and not require that readers look up sources to find who is making these statements. The Garbage Skow (talk) 14:18, 30 September 2012 (UTC)

Nancy's Age
There's some confusion in the article which says that, from 1930–1959, "Nancy Drew is depicted as an independent-minded 18-year-old" and that, in 1959, "Nancy's age was raised from 16 to 18". It seems likely that the former is a typographical error based on its reference to sixteen as the minimum age of high school graduation at the time, but I hesitate to change it without confirmation and citation. Czrisher (talk) 20:42, 1 January 2013 (UTC)

changing six films to five
I'm changing the reference to "six" feature films. The text only mentions five - four with Bonita Granville plus the Emma Roberts one - plus rumors of a possible fifth Granville film. Rumors are not fact, and unless there is confirmation of another film, the total stands at five. Elsquared (talk) 06:13, 21 July 2013 (UTC)

Drew residence
Does anyone know what architectural style Nancy's house was built in? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.181.160.137 (talk) 00:22, 20 August 2013 (UTC)

Biased article
This entire article has a bizarre fixation on the supposed "transformation" of Drew from strong and capable to something less than that over the years.

It's not simply mentioned as a criticism but repeatedly stressed and highlighted over and over all over the article.

There's some serious POV and agenda pushing invloved.

 * I don't know. If you look at the introductory paragraphs under Evolution of Character, the "transformation" is both documented by sources therefore verifying the point of view and put into context, viz., the alternative pov is also given space and explained.Aschuet1 (talk) 03:29, 11 February 2016 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Nancy Drew/Archive 1


text:
User talk:Outsider63

Is Asperger's a Neurobiological Disorder?
The Wikipedia article on Asperger's Syndrome recycles much orthodox thinking within the Anglo-American psychiatric establishment since the early 1990s, namely that a sizable section of humanity can be diagnosed with personality disorders attributable to genetically determined cerebral abnormalities. Given the lack of hard scientific evidence to support this theory, I feel alternative explanations for deviant or noncompliant behaviour should be given greater prominence. The article makes continuous references to and analogies with autism, previously considered a rare neurobiological communication disorder associated in 75% to 80% with a learning disability (P-IQ < 70 on adjusted Leiter scale). Over the last 15 years or so, autism has been redefined and, for want of a better term, actively marketed to a credulous public. I do not for one moment wish to deny that some people have personalities that deviate markedly from the norm or that is possible to group together behavioural traits and ascribe them to subsets of the general population, e.g. if I know that someone regularly reads a certain newspaper I can make an educated guess on her or his likely political perspective, though I may also sometimes be wrong. Likewise if I know someone enjoys nightclubbing, I might guess that they also enjoy indulging in certain recreational drugs or spend considerable time fashion shopping. We might describe such patterns as behavioural systems. This is quite evident in a number of people diagnosed with AS (such as myself). We have obsessive interests and purportedly fail to understand other people's lack of interest or misinterpretation of our preseverations. Indeed even within the AS-diagnosed preseverations vary so considerably that it is often hard for us to find common cause with the like-diagnosed. This apparent lack of awareness of other people's perceptions is now considered to be a form of autism, "living in a world of our own". Yet in very few cases do the AS-diagnosed exhibit any of the early signs of impaired communication and social development common to true autistics. Here we have to contend with three definitions of autism: The theory of mind is something, absent at birth, that develops gradually in all human beings at different rates. Human beings may be social animals, but empathy is an attribute that we learn within given societal restraints, we can only empathise with people in as far as we can conceptualise their predicament. As a result it is usually much easier for us to empathise with people who share the same culture and range of experiences. A billionaire's daughter can read about extreme poverty, but cannot empathise with a homeless inhabitant of Rio de Janeiro unless she has experienced something similar and grew up alongside others in the same condition. While it is true that many AS-diagnosed people have some form of dyspraxia, which is most likely neurobiological in origin, it is unclear whether dyspraxia is merely one of many factors that may induce Asperger's-style behavioural traits or is comorbid with the condition. The latter theory is based on the assumption that AS behavioural traits are fundamentally pathological. IMHO personality and behaviour are extremely plastic or responsive to environmental variables in most people of average to high intelligence. What is clear in the AS-diagnosed is a certain disruption in the development of socialising techniques in childhood and adolescence exacerabted by alienation from mainstream social rituals. If one comes from an intellectual family, has a mild form of dyspraxia (a bit cack-handed) and is interested in geekish subjects, one will spend much time alone excluded from play and teenage friendship circles. As a result by early adulthood such individuals lack social skills, but have enormous strengths in methodical independent analysis. My theory is that AS is just a set of heterogeneous behavioural traits that may emerge in different ways in diffrerent individuals for a variety of reasons. In many cases there may be some underlying neurobiological factors (such as dyspraxia) that contribute to the emergences of aspie traits, but it is largely our society or social environment that is responsible for the way some deviant individuals are alienated and thus left to withdraw increasingly into a world of their own. At times in my childhood, especially following my first car accident, I acted in an extremely withdrawn fashion, but others following new opportunities for socialisation, I have escaped my shell and become quite extrovert. One cannot study phenomena such as AS without looking at the social context and making cross-cultural comparisons. Part of the problem for many AS-diagnosed people is that we feel out of our depth in a world obsessed with social conformity or group-think mentality. Anyway in the true Wikipedian spirit I invite comment on my thoughts.
 * 1) Deficient theory of mind
 * 2) Pervasive neurobiological disorder that causes severe impairment in our ability to develop a theory of mind
 * 3) Broad category of people who psychiatrists observe as exhibiting a lack of social insight and empathy combined with obsessive behavioural patterns.

title: User talk:Outsider63


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Biocheck powder screening test kit

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was move to hazardous powders testing kit (the best I could thing of in accordance with the below suggestions). --Canderson7 23:54, September 5, 2005 (UTC)

Biocheck powder screening test kit
Product advertising Groeck 15:58, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Not an ad - doubt if you could buy one in any case. Denni ☯ 19:10, 2005 August 27 (UTC)
 * Rename to a title based on what type of thing this is.   Paul Klenk 21:50, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Rename - Biocheck is trademarked and inappropriate for article title. As an alternative, the article could be merged/redirected to a number of articles, such as anthrax or hazmat. Other test kits should be researched, as well. One company has a number of items in this category. see here --WCFrancis 22:33, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Jeffrey Bowen

Jeffrey Bowen is an American songwriter and record producer, notable for his work at both Motown Records and Holland-Dozier-Holland's Invictus and Hot Wax labels.

Biography
He is best known for his work with the groups Chairmen of the Board, Commodores, DeBarge and the Temptations, and singers Rick James and Freda Payne. He wrote Marvin Gaye's song You. Bowen was first married to Ruth Copeland in the early 1970s. Bowen produced three albums for the Temptations: In a Mellow Mood (1967), A Song for You (1975), and Wings of Love (1976). In 1976, he requested Temptation Dennis Edwards to leave the Temptations and go solo, but however, Bowen had assigned all the leads to Edwards, and then this would make Bowen's last album with the Temptations.

In 1978, Bowen met and married singer Bonnie Pointer, previously of the Pointer Sisters. He produced her 1978 and 1979 self-titled LPs for Motown (also known as the "red" and "purple" albums, respectively, because of their cover art) as well as her 1984 album If the Price Is Right for Private I Records. In July 2014, Pointer filed for divorce, which was finalized in 2016.

title: Jeffrey Bowen


text:
Assisted Places Scheme

The Assisted Places Scheme was established in the UK by the Conservative government in 1980. Children who were eligible were provided with free or subsidised places to fee-charging independent schools - based on the child's results in the school's entrance examination (the fees contributions charged were based on an annual means test).

The first school to introduce the scheme was Clifton College in Bristol, and the first pupils started in 1981. The numbers of places offered at each school varied considerably, from public schools Charterhouse and Stowe School with under 2% of pupils on roll to Batley Grammar School and the newly independent Wisbech Grammar School (one of the oldest schools in England), with about half of their annual intake as assisted places.

By 1985, the scheme catered for some 6,000 students per year. The scheme, to a degree, replicated the effect of the direct grant grammar schools which had operated between 1945 and 1976. Between 1981 and 1997 an estimated 80,000 children participated in the scheme, costing a total of just over £800 million. In 1981, 4,185 pupils gained assisted places. By 1997 there were some 34,000 pupils and 355 schools in the scheme.

Arguing the practice to be elitist and wasteful of public funds, the Labour government of Tony Blair, upon its election in 1997, abolished the Assisted Places Scheme. The government announced that the funds were instead to be used to reduce class sizes in state nursery schools. However, children already in receipt of an assisted place were allowed to complete the remainder of that phase of their education.

Some argue that the result of abolition has been to reduce the social range of pupils educated at independent schools. Others point out that "fewer than 10 per cent of the selected children had fathers who were manual workers, compared with 50 per cent in service-class occupations such as teaching, and that although children from single-parent families made up the largest category, other disadvantaged groups, notably the unemployed, and black and Asian families, had poor representation."

Legacy
Some independent schools, many of which have charitable status, do allocate significant funding to assist in the placement of pupils from poorer backgrounds through provision of bursaries.

A number of studies have looked at the legacy of the Assisted Places Scheme. These include a Sutton Trust report.

title: Assisted Places Scheme