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Mathilda (novella)

Mathilda, or Matilda, is the second long work of fiction of Mary Shelley, written between August 1819 and February 1820 and first published posthumously in 1959. It deals with the common Romantic themes of incest and suicide.

The narrative deals with a father's incestuous love for his daughter. It has been perceived as an autobiographical novel and as a roman à clef, where the fictitious names in the novel represent real people. In this reading, Mathilda represents Mary Shelley herself, Mathilda's father represents William Godwin (Mary's father), and the poet Woodville represents Percy Shelley (Mary's husband). However, the storyline itself may not be based on facts. It has been argued that it is using the techniques of confessional and unreliable narrations, which Godwin had used in his own works.

Background
The act of writing this novella distracted Mary Shelley from her grief after the deaths of her one-year-old daughter Clara at Venice in September 1818 and her three-year-old son William in June 1819 in Rome. These losses plunged Mary Shelley into a depression that distanced her emotionally and sexually from Percy Shelley and left her, as he put it, "on the hearth of pale despair".

Plot
Narrating from her deathbed, Mathilda, a young woman barely in her twenties, writes her story as a way of explaining her actions to her friend, Woodville. Her narration follows her lonely upbringing and climaxes at a point when her unnamed father confesses his incestuous love for her. This is then followed by his suicide by drowning and her ultimate demise; her relationship with the gifted young poet, Woodville, fails to reverse Matilda's emotional withdrawal or prevent her lonely death.

The novella begins with readers becoming aware that this story is being narrated in the first person, by Mathilda, and that this narration is meant for a specific audience in answer to a question asked prior to the novella's beginning: "You have often asked me the cause of my solitary life; my tears; and above all of my impenetrable and unkind silence." Readers quickly learn that Mathilda is on her deathbed and this is the only reason she is exposing what seems to be a dark secret.

Mathilda's narrative first explores the relationship between her mother and father, and how they knew each other growing up. Mathilda's mother, Diana, and her father were childhood friends; Mathilda's father found solace in Diana after the death of his own mother and the two married not long after. Mathilda, as narrator, notes that Diana changed Mathilda's father making him more tender and less fickle. However, Mathilda was born a little more than a year after their marriage and Diana died a few days after her birth, causing her father to sink into a deep depression. His sister, Mathilda's aunt, came to England to stay with them and help care for Mathilda, but Mathilda's father, unable to even look at his daughter, left about a month after his wife's death and Mathilda was raised by her aunt.

Mathilda tells Woodville that her upbringing, while cold on the part of her aunt, was never neglectful; she learned to occupy her time with books and jaunts around her aunt's estate in Loch Lomond, Scotland. On Mathilda's sixteenth birthday her aunt received a letter from Mathilda's father expressing his desire to see his daughter. Mathilda describes their first three months in each other's company as being blissful, but this ended first when Mathilda's aunt dies and then, after the two return to London, upon Mathilda's father's expression of his love for her.

Leading up to the moment of revelation, Mathilda was courted by suitors which, she noticed, drew dark moods from her father. This darkness ensued causing Mathilda to plot a way of bringing back the father she once knew. She asked him to accompany her on a walk through the woods that surrounded them and, on this walk, she expressed her concerns and her wishes to restore their relationship. Her father accused her of being "presumptuous and very rash." However, this did not stop her and he eventually confessed his incestuous desire regarding her. Mathilda's father fainted and she retreated back to their home. Her father left her a note the next morning explaining that he would leave her and she understood that his actual intent was to commit suicide. Mathilda followed him, but was too late to stop him from drowning himself.

For some time after his death, Mathilda returned to society as she became sick in her attempts to stop her father. She realized, though, that she could not remain in this society and she faked her own death to ensure that no one would come looking for her. Mathilda re-established herself in a solitary house in the heath. She has a maid who came to care for the house every few days, but other than that she had no human interaction until Woodville also established residence in the heath about two years after she chose to reside there.

Woodville was mourning the loss of his betrothed, Elinor, and a poet. He and Mathilda struck a friendship; Woodville often asked Mathilda why she never smiled but she would not go into much detail regarding this. One day, Mathilda suggested to Woodville that they end their mutual sorrows together and commit suicide. Woodville talked Mathilda out of this decision, but soon after had to leave the heath to care for his ailing mother. Mathilda contemplates her future after his departure, and while walking through the heath, gets lost and ends up sleeping outside for a night. It rains while she sleeps outside and, after she makes her way back to her home, she becomes extremely sick.

It is in this state that Mathilda decides to write out her story to Woodville as a way of explaining to him her darker countenance, even though she recognizes that she does not have much longer to live.

Criticism
Commentators have often read the text as autobiographical, with the three central characters standing for Mary Shelley, William Godwin (her father), and Percy Shelley (her husband). There is no firm evidence, however, that the storyline itself is autobiographical. Analysis of Mathilda's first draft, titled "The Fields of Fancy", reveals that Mary Shelley took as her starting point Mary Wollstonecraft's unfinished "The Cave of Fancy", in which a small girl's mother dies in a shipwreck. Like Mary Shelley herself, Mathilda idealises her lost mother. According to editor Janet Todd, the absence of the mother from the last pages of the novella suggests that Mathilda's death renders her one with her mother, enabling a union with the dead father. Critic Pamela Clemit resists a purely autobiographical reading and argues that Mathilda is an artfully crafted novella, deploying confessional and unreliable narrations in the style of her father, as well as the device of the pursuit used by Godwin in his Caleb Williams and by Mary Shelley in Frankenstein. The novella's 1959 editor, Elizabeth Nitchie, noted its faults of "verbosity, loose plotting, somewhat stereotyped and extravagant characterization" but praised a "feeling for character and situation and phrasing that is often vigorous and precise".

The story may be seen as a metaphor for what happens when a woman, ignorant of all consequences, follows her own heart while dependent on her male benefactor.

Mathilda has also been seen as an example of redefining female Gothic narratives. An important characteristic of this redefined genre often includes female narrators having more control over the story than was common at the time. According to Kathleen A. Miller, "Although Shelley's novella appears to relate a conventional female gothic narrative of a young woman victimized by her father's incestuous desire, it leaves open the possibility that, in fact, it is Mathilda, rather than her father, who wields control over the novel's gothic script." This potentially allows for Mathilda to be viewed as a positive role model in nineteenth-century literature as she overcomes paternal authority and refuses to conform to commonly accepted practices regarding female characters in literature of the time. This redefinition occurs in various ways: Mathilda's refusal to name her father, her voice being the primary source of information provided to readers, and a lack of the novella ending in marriage which was the typical motif for female gothic literature.

Publication
Mary Shelley sent the finished Mathilda to her father in England, to submit for publication. However, though Godwin admired aspects of the novella, he found the incest theme "disgusting and detestable" and failed to return the manuscript despite his daughter's repeated requests. In the light of Percy Shelley's later death by drowning, Mary Shelley came to regard the novella as ominous; she wrote of herself and Jane Williams "driving (like Mathilda) towards the sea to learn if we were to be for ever doomed to misery". The novella was published for the first time in 1959, edited by Elizabeth Nitchie from dispersed papers. It has become possibly Mary Shelley's best-known work after Frankenstein.

title: Mathilda (novella)


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Hadrian's Wall Path

Hadrian's Wall Path is a long-distance footpath in the north of England, which became the 15th National Trail in 2003. It runs for 84 mile, from Wallsend on the east coast of England to Bowness-on-Solway on the west coast. For most of its length it is close to the remains of Hadrian's Wall, the defensive wall built by the Romans on the northern border of their empire. This is now recognised as part of the "Frontiers of the Roman Empire" World Heritage Site.

Path description
Though muddy in places, the walking is relatively easy, as the highest point on the path is only 345 m (1130 ft) high and for much of its length the path is more or less flat. Most of the Wall runs through remote countryside but there are sections that pass through the cities and suburbs of Newcastle and Carlisle. The path is well signposted. For most of the walk there are many signs of human activity, and many other walkers in summer. Though there are villages and farms near to the path, there are not many places to buy food and drink, especially in the middle sections. The section between Chollerford and Walton is the highest and wildest part of the path; it is also where the Wall is most visible, and includes several important Roman forts.

This itinerary breaks the 84-mile (135 km) walk into six reasonable stages, and is presented from east to west (against the prevailing wind).

Wallsend to Heddon-on-the-Wall
15 mi

The path starts at the Roman fort and Museum of Segedunum which sets the historical context for the Wall. Segedunum is also the first / last of the National Trail's Walkers' Passport stamping stations. Most of this section runs through urban areas, including through the centre of Newcastle upon Tyne, and along the banks of the Tyne. Only the last part, leading to Heddon-on-the-Wall, is in open countryside. There are occasional glimpses of the Wall.

Heddon-on-the-Wall to Chollerford
15.5 mi

This section is almost entirely through open countryside, but along a road (the B6318, known as the Military Road). The Wall is occasionally visible, and the adjoining Vallum earthwork is frequently visible on the south side.

Chollerford to Steel Rigg
12 mi

Chesters Roman Fort is close to the start of this section. The path starts to rise now and the countryside becomes moorland, rather than farmland. Much more of the Wall is visible and parts of it run along the edge of crags, giving superb views over the open countryside to the north. The path passes the Roman fort at Vercovicium (Housesteads), which has been extensively consolidated and contains much of interest. For very good conservation reasons, nowhere along the route does the Trail follow the crest of Hadrian's Wall but in the small wood on the Whin Sill escarpment at Housesteads there is a short section of Public Right of Way, approximately 150 metres, which is actually on the Wall. The Trail follows a parallel path in the wood but visitors are allowed, if they choose, to walk on the Wall. The Pennine Way National Trail branches off northwards a little to the west of Milecastle 37.

Steel Rigg to Walton
16.25 mi

This is another section across open countryside with the Wall occasionally visible. The Roman fort at Birdoswald has a museum. The Pennine Way long-distance path joins the Hadrian's Wall Path near the village of Greenhead. As the path approaches Walton, Lanercost Priory is a short walk to the south. Much of the Priory was built with stones taken from the Wall.

Walton to Carlisle
11 mi

In this section the path returns to farmland and crosses the M6 motorway. Part of the path is alongside the River Eden, passing through a pleasant park and over a large footbridge.

Carlisle to Bowness-on-Solway
14.75 mi

The first part of this section is rather bare but the walking improves once the path gets beyond the outskirts of Carlisle. Most of the path runs alongside either the River Eden or the Solway Firth. There is nothing of the Wall to be seen but the walking is open and pleasant. The path ends in the village of Bowness-on-Solway, at the end of the wall.

Access
Both Newcastle and Carlisle are on the UK national railway network. The start of the walk at Wallsend can be easily reached by taking a local train from Newcastle to Wallsend Metro Station, which is the only station in the world with bilingual notices in English and Latin. From the station walk in the opposite direction to the shops along Station Road towards the tall observation tower of Segedunum Roman Fort and Museum. The Tyne Valley railway line runs between Newcastle and Carlisle, with stops at Wylam, Prudhoe, Corbridge, Hexham, Haydon Bridge, Bardon Mill, Haltwhistle, Brampton (1 mile from the town of Brampton) and Wetheral. For most of its length, the line is not within easy walking distance of the Wall. Northumberland National Park operates paying car parks at Brocolitia, Housesteads, Steel Rigg, the Sill National Landscape Discovery Centre, Cawfields quarry and Walltown quarry. Bowness-on-Solway does not have a car park and anyone thinking of leaving their car in Wallsend while they walk the Trail are advised to consider leaving their car in the long-stay car park at Newcastle airport.

There is a Hadrian's Wall bus (service AD122)  (note 'Roman' numbering) which runs close to the central section of the Wall during the summer. The bus runs between Hexham, Chesters, Housesteads, Once Brewed, Vindolanda, Walton and Haltwhistle approximately once an hour 0900 1700. The service runs daily from Easter until September.

Bowness-on-Solway transport options

 * There is no off-street parking in Bowness-on-Solway, and the streets are very narrow.
 * There is one public transport option, the 93 Stagecoach Bus from Carlisle which stops in Bowness 2–3 times a weekday
 * Other options include paid taxis from Carlisle or free shuttles which are available from some local establishments.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Hadrian's Wall Path


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Lilyan Chauvin

Lilyan Chauvin (Zemoz; 6 August 1925 – 26 June 2008) was a French-American actress, television host, director, writer, and acting teacher. A native of Paris, Chauvin began her career performing on French radio and onstage in England. She relocated to the United States in 1952 to pursue an acting career, and was initially cast in minor television parts before making her film debut in 1957.

Chauvin's career in American films spanned over 60 years, and largely consisted of supporting roles. Some of her credits include The Other Side of Midnight (1977), Private Benjamin (1980), the slasher film Silent Night, Deadly Night (1984), Predator 2 (1990), and Steven Spielberg's Catch Me If You Can (2002). She also had a prolific career in television, and guest-starred in such television series as The X-Files, Murder, She Wrote, Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, Friends, Magnum, P.I., Alias, Malcolm in the Middle, Baa Baa Black Sheep. The Man from U.N.C.L.E., McCloud, Perry Mason, and Ugly Betty.

In her later life, Chauvin taught acting and directing at the University of California, Los Angeles and the University of Southern California. She also served as the Vice President of Women in Film council. She died in Los Angeles in 2008 of complications resulting from congestive heart failure and breast cancer, the latter of which she battled for four decades.

Early life
Chauvin was born in Paris, Île-de-France, France, to a French mother, Emilia Speltiens, and an Italian father, Pantion Pierre Zemoz.

Chauvin began her career working in broadcasting in France. While under contract to a French radio station she had her heart set on becoming a lawyer; however her earnings soon exceeded that of her parents' and she gave serious consideration to making show business her way of life. She studied in Paris at the School of Cinema, and at the Jean-Louis Barrault School, also in Paris.

Early career and stage
Chauvin moved to New York City in 1952 and became a naturalized American citizen. She studied with Uta Hagen and at the Actors Studio in New York. Chauvin also attended the Berlitz school of Languages and took in American movies every day to improve her English. Already proficient in Spanish, German, Italian, and Russian, she soon became one of the school's top teachers and they sent her out to coach actors in the accents they needed for various roles.

Chauvin's European stage and Actors Equity theatre credits include Macbeth, Medea, Silk Stockings, Camille, and Three for Today. She began landing roles in New York television productions including TV's prestigious Studio One. Soon after she traveled to Los Angeles and found work in film and television.

Transition to film
Chauvin made her film acting debut in Letter from Cairo (1953), an episode of the long-running series Studio One. The following year she guest-starred in Crusader. Chauvin made her first motion picture appearance in Lost, Lonely and Vicious (1958) and later starred in Walk Like a Dragon (1960) and Bloodlust! (1961). She also appeared in the Elvis Presley films King Creole (1958) and Tickle Me (1965) and the Barbra Streisand film Funny Lady (1975). Other film credits include Yours, Mine and Ours (1968), The Mephisto Waltz (1971), The Other Side of Midnight (1977), Beyond Reason (1977), Private Benjamin (1980), Silent Night, Deadly Night (1984, as the sadistic Mother Superior), Born in East L.A. (1987), Bad Influence (1990), Predator 2 (1990), Angel Town (1990), Universal Soldier (1992), The Warlord: Battle for the Galaxy (1998), Five Aces (1999), The Man Who Wasn't There (2001) and Catch Me If You Can (2002).

Chauvin was a series regular on Days of Our Lives, Mission Impossible, General Hospital and Falcon Crest. Other television credits include “Jim Bowie’’ Adventures of Superman, Combat!, Baa Baa Black Sheep, Friends, ER, Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, Tyson, Malcolm in the Middle, Alias, CSI, Ugly Betty, The X-Files, and Murder She Wrote.

Directing
In the industry, Chauvin's talents are respected equally as a director and actress. Her DGA directing credits include The Young and the Restless, But She Can Type, Celebration 75 and Windows of Heaven. Chauvin directed productions of Last Summer at Bluefish Cove, Effigies, Seacliffe California, In My Minds Eye, The Happy Time and The Deepest Hunger.

Teaching
In her later life, Chauvin became a prominent acting and directing coach in Los Angeles, teaching at the University of California, Los Angeles and the University of Southern California. Many of her techniques have become instrumental teaching tools within the industry and have provided inspiration to many other successful educators. As an author and educator she taught internationally at seminars as a keynote speaker, lecturer and adviser.

As the creator and show runner she co-produced and hosted the television series Hollywood Structured, a comprehensive guide to show business careers, Chauvin explored new facets of the industry each week through interviews with top professionals. The 64 episodes covered acting, directing, make up, documentary filmmaking, producing, music, comedy, cinematography, stunt coordinating, modeling, publicity, writing, dancing, sports announcing, production design, entertainment law, agency, casting, union, special effects and more.

Chauvin wrote Hollywood Scams & Survival Tactics, in which she shared many of her own experiences and survival tactics.

She taught acting, multi-cam cinematography and directing for over 10 years at USC and taught acting/directing at UCLA for two years. Some of Chauvin's acting students were Raquel Welch, Suzanne Somers, Margie Haber, Carly Schroeder, Kin and Wil Shriner, Jennifer Runyon, Kevin Nealon and Rex Steven Sikes. She was a technical advisor and dialogue coach at MGM and worked as a dialogue supervisor/drama coach at Warner Brothers. For many years she ran the Women in Film Director's Workshop which drew large numbers of people from the various aspects of filmmaking.

Still photography
Chauvin's work with stationary images included taking a photograph of author William Faulkner that was published in The Atlantic Monthly magazine and was to be used on dust jackets of Faulkner books.

Accolades
Twice nominated for Emmy Awards (for The Young and the Restless and Baa Baa Black Sheep), Chauvin won the 1991 Angel Award for Hollywood Structured, which was co-produced by Chauvin, Julie Johnson and Irene Lamothe. Chauvin appeared weekly as the host on this cable program with, among others, Jacqueline Bisset, Linda Gray, Morey Amsterdam, Danny Glover, Henry Mancini, Anne Francis, Carmen Zapata and others.

Affiliations
Chauvin was on the Women's Steering Committee of the Directors Guild of America and had over 35 credits as a DGA Director since 1979. She was a member of Screen Actors Guild, the Writers Guild of America, the American Federation of Television and Radio Artist and Equity. Committed to furthering women's causes, especially in the industry, Chauvin was a 39-year member of Women in Film. She served on the organization's Board five times, twice as the Board's vice president.

Personal life
Chauvin was married to Bernard Chauvin, whom she divorced in Florida in 1953. She retained his surname for the remainder of her career. In the 1960s, Chauvin was diagnosed with breast cancer, which she would battle intermittently for the following four decades.

Death
Chauvin died at her Studio City, Los Angeles home on 26 June 2008, aged 82. Her death was attributed to complications from breast cancer and congestive heart disease.

title: Lilyan Chauvin


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Vir Chakra

The Vir Chakra (pronunciation: ʋiːɾa tʃakɾa, lit. 'wheel of bravery') is an Indian wartime military bravery award presented for acts of gallantry on the battlefield, on land or in the air or at sea.

It is third in precedence in wartime gallantry awards and comes after the Param Vir Chakra and Maha Vir Chakra.

Origin
It was established by the President of India on 26 January 1950 (with effect from 15 August 1947). The statutes were amended on 12 January 1952 to readjust the order of wearing as new decorations were established.

It replaced the British Distinguished Service Cross (DSC), Military Cross (MC) and Distinguished Flying Cross (DFC). Award of the decoration carries with it the right to use Vr.C. as a postnominal abbreviation [note the care to distinguish this abbreviation from that for the Victoria Cross (V.C.)

Appearance
The medal is $1 3/8$inch circular silver medal. A five pointed star, with the chakra in the centre, and, on this, the domed gilded state emblem. The decoration is named on the rim and suspended from a swiveling straight-bar suspender. The decoration is almost always named and dated on the edge. Around a plain centre, two legends are separated by lotus flowers; with Vir Chakra in Hindi above and in English below. The ribbon is 32 mm, half dark blue and half orange-saffron; dark blue 16 mm, saffron 16 mm.

The award carries with it a cash allowance and, in some cases, a lump sum cash award. This has been a rather controversial issue throughout the life of the decoration. From 1 February 1999, the central government set a monthly stipend of Rs. 850 for recipients of the award. In addition, many states have established individual pension rewards for the recipients of the decoration.

List of Vir Chakra recipients
A total of 1327 personnel received Vir Chakra. Some of the notable Vir Chakra awardees include:

title: Vir Chakra


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Ebba the Movie

Ebba the Movie is a documentary film of Swedish punk band Ebba Grön from 1982, by director and writer Johan Donner.

The film includes a lot of live music and interviews with the band's members. It starts in Rågsved, a working class suburb of Stockholm, and follows Ebba Grön on tour around Sweden until the band returns to Rågsved.

The Swedish reggaeband Dag Vag also participates in a part of the movie when Ebba is on tour.

There are two versions of the film. When released in 1982, the movie was originally 78 minutes long. Johan Donner later cut down the film to a 52 minutes version which he called the Hardcore version. Both versions are included in the DVD-release.

The title of the film is a reference to the 1977 documentary film ABBA: The Movie, featuring fellow Swedes ABBA. The reference is intended to be ironic, since Ebba Grön's style is very different from that of ABBA.

title: Ebba the Movie


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Talk:Anthocharini

Orange tips or Orangetips
The anthocharini seem to be spelled Orange tip in Europe and Asia and Orangetip in the Americas. So there doesn't seem to be a way to standardize the spellings. I suppose depending whether Wikipedia is English or American slanted one could call anthocharini Orange whatevers in the title. Williamb 14:00, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Anthocharini


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West Virginia's 1st congressional district

West Virginia's 1st congressional district is currently located in the southern half of the state.

Responding to the census results, the state legislature adopted a new map for the 2022 elections and the following 10 years. It abandoned the practice used since the formation of the state of starting the numbering in the north, and rather divided the state in a northern and southern district, with the 1st being the more southerly one. The new 1st district contains the counties of Boone, Braxton, Cabell, Calhoun, Clay, Fayette, Gilmer, Greenbrier, Jackson, Kanawha, Lincoln, Logan, Mason, McDowell, Mercer, Mingo, Monroe, Nicholas, Pendleton, Pocahontas, Putnam, Raleigh, Roane, Summers, Wayne, Webster, Wirt, and Wyoming. For all intents and purposes, it was the successor to the 3rd district, and its congresswoman, Carol Miller, became the de facto incumbent in this new district. The state's other congressmen, Republicans David McKinley and Alex Mooney, were both drawn into the new 2nd district. All three ran for re-election. Miller was easily nominated in the Republican primary held May 10, 2022, while former 1st district congressman David McKinley was soundly defeated by 2nd district congressman Alex Mooney. Both Republicans were easily elected in November.

In its previous incarnation, the 1st covered the northern part of the state, and was historically the most regularly drawn district in the state. From 1953 to 2023, it was represented by only four men: Bob Mollohan (D) (1953–1957), former Governor Arch Moore, Jr. (R) (1957–1969), Bob Mollohan again (1969–1983), Alan Mollohan (1983–2011) and McKinley (2011-2023).

Despite the lack of turnover in the congressional seat, historically the 1st was not safe for either party. The cities are ancestrally Democratic strongholds, while the rural areas were much more conservative and had a tendency to swing Republican more often. As late as 2014, state legislators were roughly split between both parties.

For most of the 20th century, the Democratic vote in the cities was enough to keep the district in Democratic hands. However, West Virginia Democrats tend to be somewhat more socially conservative than their counterparts in the rest of the nation, and the district has been swept up in the growing Republican trend in the state at the national level. No Democrat since Bill Clinton (who did so by a plurality in a three-way race) has carried the 1st district in presidential elections. George W. Bush carried the district both times in 2000 with 54% of the vote and 2004 with 58% of the vote. John McCain carried the district in 2008 with 56.77% of the vote while Barack Obama received 41.51%.

History
Prior to the 2020 redistricting, the first district had always been anchored in Wheeling, and as such had always included Hancock, Brooke, Ohio, Marshall, and Wetzel counties –the five counties usually reckoned as the Northern Panhandle. The original 1863 districting included also Tyler, Pleasants, Doddridge, Harrison, Ritchie, Wood, Wirt, Gilmer, Calhoun and Lewis counties. It was essentially the successor of Virginia's 11th congressional district.

In 1882, the counties of Tyler, Doddridge, Harrison, Gilmer, Lewis and Braxton were added to the core counties. In 1902, the core counties were joined by Marion, Harrison, and Lewis counties. In the 1916 redistricting it included only the five core counties and Marion and Taylor. The district was unchanged in the 1934 and 1954 redistrictings. In 1962, Braxton, Calhoun, Doddridge, Gilmer, Harrison, Lewis, Marion and Taylor joined the five core counties. The 1972 redistricting added Tyler, Pleasants, and Woods and deleted Taylor. The 1982 redistricting added Taylor back to the district.

For 1992 the district consisted of Barbour, Brooke, Doddridge, Grant, Hancock, Harrison, Marion, Marshall, Mineral, Monongalia, Ohio, Pleasants, Preston, Ritchie, Taylor, Tucker, Tyler, Wetzel and Wood counties. In 2002 Gilmer was added. For the election cycle that began in 2012 the district was unchanged.

For the 2020 census, the legislature abandoned the practice of numbering the districts from north to south and the first district was now the more southerly one, consisting of Boone, Braxton, Cabell, Calhoun, Clay, Fayette, Gilmer, Greenbrier, Jackson, Kanawha, Lincoln, Logan, Mason, McDowell, Mercer, Mingo, Monroe, Nicholas, Pendleton, Pocahontas, Putnam, Raleigh, Roane, Summers, Wayne, Webster, Wirt, and Wyoming counties.


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Kirti Chakra

The Kirti Chakra (lit. 'Wheel of Glory') is an Indian military decoration awarded for valour, courageous action or self-sacrifice away from the field of battle. It may be awarded to civilians as well as military personnel, including posthumous awards. It is the peacetime equivalent of the Maha Vir Chakra. It is second in order of precedence of peacetime gallantry awards, comes after Ashoka Chakra and before Shaurya Chakra. Before 1967, the award was known as the Ashoka Chakra, Class II.

History
Established as the "Ashoka Chakra, Class II" by the President of India, 4 January 1952 (with effect from 15 August 1947). The statutes were revised and the decoration renamed on 27 January 1967.

To understand the award better, a sample recipient would be No. 18161 Naik Mukhtiar Singh, 4 J. & K. Infantry (to date from 19 March 1956). "'On the night of 18/19 March 1956, the position occupied by our troops on the Bela at Hussainiwala Headworks, near Ferozepore on the Indo-Pakistani Border was attacked. Approximately one platoon of attackers managed to secure a foothold on the Bela from the left flank. On being ordered by his platoon commander to take his section to the threatened flank and stem the advance, No. 18161 Naik Mukhtiar Singh personally led his section through heavy automatic fire. He inflicted two casualties on the attackers, captured their rifles and led his section up to the right Guide Bund and secured his objective. Whilst his section was securing the objective on the Bund, a hand grenade landed near him in the midst of his section. To save his section, he lifted the grenade with his left hand and tried to throw it back on the attackers. The grenade exploded in the meantime and his left elbow was blown off. Though seriously wounded he continued to exhort his men to fight on and refused to be evacuated. No. 18161 Naik Mukhtiar Singh by his high example of personal leadership, courage and complete disregard for his personal safety averted a disaster to his section and to the Bela Position.'"

Design

 * Medal: It is circular in shape and is made of standard silver, one and three eight inches in diameter.
 * Obverse: On the obverse of the medal shall be embossed a replica of Ashoka Chakra in the centre, surrounded by a lotus wreath.
 * Reverse:On its reverse shall be embossed the words KIRTI CHAKRA both in Hindi and in English the versions being separated by two lotus flowers.For pre-1967 awards, the medal is blank in the centre, with "Ashoka Chakra" in Hindi along the upper edge on the medal and the same name in English along the lower rim, "ASHOKA CHAKRA". On either side is a lotus design. The centre is blank, perhaps with the intent that details of the award be engraved there. There is no indication of the class on the pre-1967 awards. For the post-1967 awards, the, names are changed to "Kirti Chakra" in Hindi above and "KIRTI CHAKRA" below.
 * Ribbon: 30 mm, dark green with two 2 mm saffron stripes. Dark green 8.5 mm, saffron 2 mm, dark green 9 mm, saffron 2 mm, dark green 8.5 mm.
 * Bar:If a recipient of the Chakra again performs such an act of gallantry as would have made him or her eligible to receive the Chakra, such further act of bravery shall be recognised by a Bar to be attached to the riband by which the Chakra is suspended. For every Bar awarded, a replica of the Chakra in miniature shall be added to the riband when worn alone.

Eligibility
Personnel Eligible: The following categories of personnel shall be eligible for the Chakra :-
 * Officers, men and women of all ranks of the Army, the Navy and the Air Force, of any of the Reserve Forces, of the Territorial Army, Militia and of any other lawfully constituted Armed Forces.
 * Members of the Nursing Services of the Armed Forces.
 * Civilian citizens of either sex in all walks of life and members of Police Forces including Central Para-Military Forces and Railway Protection Force.

Conditions of Eligibility: The medal is awarded for conspicuous gallantry otherwise than in the face of the enemy. The decoration may be awarded posthumously. Monetary Allowance. Rs. 1050/- pm and each bar to the decoration will carry the same amount of monetary allowance as admissible to the original award with effect from 01.02.1999.

Trivia

 * Captain (later Lieutenant General) Joginder Singh Gharaya and other 11 persons were first recipients of the Kirti Chakra.
 * B.B.L. Datt was the first civilian recipient of the Kirti Chakra.
 * Gloria Eva Berry, flight attendant of the ill-fated Air India's Kashmir Princess was the first woman to be awarded the Kirti Chakra (then, Ashok Chakra Class II).
 * Wing Commander Ravish Malhotra is the first astronaut to be awarded with the Kirti Chakra.
 * Only one Soldier, Colonel Neelakantan Jayachandran Nair has been awarded both the Kirti Chakra and the Ashok Chakra, making him the most decorated soldier (for bravery) in India.

Outline:
 * Ashoka Chakra, Class II (1952–67)
 * Kirti Chakra (1967--)

title: Kirti Chakra


text:
Whittington, Shropshire

Whittington is a village and civil parish in north west Shropshire, England, lying east and north-east of Oswestry. The parish had a population of 2,592 at the 2011 census. The village of Whittington is in the centre of the parish, and three smaller villages, Park Hall to its west, Hindford to the north-east and Babbinswood to the south, are also within the parish.

History
Whittington appears to have inhabited since prehistoric times and may have been a Dark Age fortress of some eminence, with an extensive settlement recorded in the Domesday Book. Whittington has been identified with Trefwen (white-town), the famous stronghold of Cynddylan king of Pengwern.

Whittington was granted to William Peverel probably in the summer of 1114 when King Henry I of England invaded Powys. William probably founded Whittington Castle which was taken from his descendants by the Welsh under Madog ap Maredudd of Powys and later granted to Roger Powys by King Henry II. It remained in the Powys family until King John granted it to the FitzWarin family, namely Fulk III FitzWarin(d.1258) whose life is recorded in a medieval romance.

In 1221, Henry III gave grudging permission for the castle to be re-built in stone after it had fallen to Llywelyn the Great. It was recaptured by Llywelyn in 1223 but was handed back the same year. It remained in the hands of the FitzWarins until 1420.

The castle ruins still exist today and were recently renovated. They are open to the public.

A small silver decorative brooch dating back to between 1115 and 1400 AD was discovered in a field outside Whittington in 2019.

Governance
Whittington Parish Council is the first tier of local government, while most administrative functions are carried out by Shropshire Council, a unitary authority. Elections to both bodies are ordinarily held on the same day, every four years.

An electoral ward and an electoral division of the same name exists. The ward stretches south to West Felton with a total population taken at the 2011 census of 4,067. The electoral division includes both Whittington parish and West Felton parish.

Railways
Two railway stations once served Whittington. The Shrewsbury to Chester Line (via Wrexham), of the former Great Western Railway, is still an operating route, but Whittington Low Level station on this line closed on 12 September 1960 although there have been numerous campaigns over the years to have it reopened. Whittington High Level station was on the main line of the Cambrian Railways. However, the section from Whitchurch to Welshpool (Buttington Junction), via Ellesmere, Whittington, Oswestry and Llanymynech, closed on 18 January 1965 in favour of the more viable alternative route via Shrewsbury, although Whittington (High Level) station itself had closed earlier, on 4 January 1960.

Present day
Whittington parish includes Park Hall. This was previously an army training camp, but now is residential and farming land.

There is a small amount of light industry based mainly on the Whittington Business Park on the road to Oswestry. A further group of businesses operate from premises off North Drive, Park Hall. Industry and warehousing is also located at the edge of the parish, close to the main A5 road.

The largest employer within the parish is BT (previously British Telecom) which has its National Network Management Centre on the Whittington Road, home of the UK's Speaking Clock.

Notable people

 * Robert Powell (died 1683), later Archdeacon of Salop, was Rector of Whittington 1666-1681.
 * Robert Montgomery (1807-1855), poet, was parish curate at Whittington 1835-1836.
 * Walsham How (1823–1897), later first Bishop of Wakefield and hymn writer, was Rector of Whittington 1851–1879.

title: Whittington, Shropshire


text:
Talk:Hacker (card game)

Untitled
I do not understand why this page directly redirects to Illuminati instead of providing a basic introduction and THAN direct the reader to Illuminati. Muzzle 14:06, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hacker (card game)


text:
Corban

Corban may refer to:

People

 * Corban of Cluana (died c. 732), Irish saint
 * Corban Baxter (born 1994), Australian rugby league player
 * Corban Collins (born 1994), American basketball player
 * Corban Joseph (born 1988), American baseball player
 * Corban Knight (born 1990), Canadian ice hockey player
 * Corban Wroe (born 1992), Australian basketball player
 * Alexandru Corban (born 1998), Romanian footballer
 * Assid Abraham Corban (1864–1941), New Zealand winemaker, founder of Corbans, a winery
 * Sofia Corban (born 1956), Romanian retired rower
 * Teodor Corban (1957–2023), Romanian actor

Other uses

 * Corban, Switzerland, a municipality
 * Corban University, a private Christian college in Oregon, United States
 * Korban, also spelled corban, any of a variety of ancient Hebrew sacrifices or offerings to God
 * Corban Yaxley, a character in the Harry Potter fictional universe

title: Corban


text:
Jack Crapp

John Frederick Crapp (14 October 1912 – 13 February 1981), was an English cricketer, who played first-class cricket for Gloucestershire between 1936 and 1956, and played for England on tour in the winter of 1948–49.

Cricket writer, Colin Bateman, noted that Crapp was a "sound rather than spectacular batsman who scored 1,000 runs in all but one of his fifteen seasons – that was 1954, when he struggled with the Gloucestershire captaincy". Crapp went on to become an umpire for twenty two seasons, including standing in four Test matches.

Life and career
Crapp was born in St Columb Major, Cornwall, and began his career with Stapleton Cricket Club in Bristol, scoring a 'duck' for the third team on his debut. However, he soon moved up to the first XI following some spectacular performances, and was spotted by Wally Hammond who invited him for trials with Gloucestershire. In 1936, he made his debut for Gloucestershire and was a fixture in their team for the next twenty seasons, eventually becoming their captain.

Crapp was a dependable left-hand batsman and a fine slip fielder, who early in his career was thought of as a potential Test batsman. However, World War II intervened and it was not until 1948 that he became the first-ever Cornishman to play for England. Unfortunately for him, he came up against the Australian cricket team known as "The Invincibles". He was chosen on the strength of the Gloucestershire match against Australia, when Crapp scored 100, one of the few players to register a century against the Australians in 1948. Like many of the England players that summer, his performances did not do his talent justice.

He toured South Africa with the England team in 1948–49, but did not play spectacularly well in the Tests, although in the final Test he guided England home to victory with Allan Watkins, with only three balls to spare.

Crapp was dropped from the Test side in 1949. He continued to perform well for Gloucestershire, becoming their first professional captain in 1953. In 1955 he handed over the role to George Emmett. In his later years, a debilitating skin condition affected his hands and this eventually led to his retirement.

After retiring Crapp became a first-class umpire and stood in four Tests, notably the match in which Fred Trueman took his 300th Test wicket. For many years, Trueman would show people the ball he used to take the wicket. But shortly before his death, Crapp revealed to journalist, Frank Keating, that he had swapped balls preventing Trueman from keeping the historic one.

There is a story about a time he was sharing a room on tour with one of the Bedser twins. Returning to the hotel late one night, probably slightly worse for wear he approached reception to ask for his key. Now the touring England team were reported widely in the newspapers, and were recognisable to many people, and so he was not entirely surprised that before he could say anything the receptionist, asked "Bed, sir?" Jack replied, "No, Crapp", only for the receptionist to point him to the bathroom.

His England blazer is in the possession of St Columb Old Cornwall Society. There is also a plaque in the garden of house at Bridge, St Columb Major where he was born.

Jack Crapp died in Knowle, Bristol, at the age of 68.

title: Jack Crapp


text:
Batman (comic strip)

The Batman comic strip began on October 25, 1943, a few years after the creation of the comic book Batman. At first titled Batman and Robin, a later incarnation was shortened to Batman. The comic strip had three major and two minor runs in American newspapers.

Batman and Robin (1943–1946)
The first series was written by Bob Kane and others. It was published as both a daily strip and a Sunday strip. This series has been reprinted by DC Comics and Kitchen Sink Press in one paperback volume of Sunday strips and three paperback volumes of daily strips. It was distributed by the McClure Syndicate. The strip ended on November 2, 1946.

From Joe Desris's introduction to the first book of daily reprints: "...this newspaper strip, Batman and Robin,...has important historical significance: It is the last large body of work that Batman creator Bob Kane penciled completely solo...and it contains stories by all of the significant writers from the first five, formative years of the feature’s history: Don Cameron, Bill Finger, Jack Schiff and Alvin Schwartz.”

Batman and Robin (1953)
The second series was written by Walter B. Gibson and was published on Sunday only, in September 1953. This short-lived attempt to revive the Batman comic strip ran only in Arrow, the Family Comic Weekly, which was edited by Gibson. A few of these very rare strips are reprinted in the book Batman: The Sunday Classics 1943–46.

Batman with Robin the Boy Wonder (1966–1973)
Although it was credited to "Bob Kane", this series was actually ghostwritten, as noted below. The strip ran on Sunday from May 29, 1966, to July 13, 1969, and daily from May 30, 1966, to 1973. At first, this series was a campy revival drawing on the popularity of the Batman TV show, as exemplified by the guest appearance of celebrities like Jack Benny and public figures like Conrad Hilton. Later, it told more serious Batman stories and featured guest appearances by Batgirl, Superman and Aquaman. A 1970 sequence featuring the Green Arrow and the Man-Bat was reprinted in Amazing World of DC Comics #4-5 (1975). It was syndicated by the Ledger Syndicate.

Episode guide
The Sunday strips ended July 13, 1969. The daily strips continued and were drawn by Plastino through Jan. 1, 1972, with Nick Cardy assisting on the art toward the end. They were written by Ellsworth until July 1970 and then by E. Nelson Bridwell. E. M. Stout took over the strip on January 3, 1972. Batman and Robin continued to appear in the strip, but were now teamed up with a new hero called Galexo until it ended in 1973.

This series was reprinted by The Library of American Comics in a three-volume collection which began in 2014 and was titled Batman - Silver Age Newspaper Comics.

The World's Greatest Superheroes (1978–1985)
From April 3, 1978, to February 10, 1985, Batman appeared in a strip variously titled The World's Greatest Superheroes, The World's Greatest Superheroes Present Superman, and The Superman Sunday Special. It was syndicated by the Chicago Tribune/New York News Syndicate. For information on writers and artists, see Batman: the Sunday Classics 1943–46.

Batman (1989–1991)
The most recent revival of the strip, titled simply Batman, ran Sunday and daily from November 6, 1989, to August 3, 1991. The first story was written by Max Allan Collins and drawn by Marshall Rogers. All of the other stories were written by William Messner-Loebs and drawn by Carmine Infantino and John Nyberg. It was syndicated by Creators Syndicate. All of these strips were reprinted in Comics Revue.

Episode guide

 * "Catwoman"
 * "The Penguin"
 * "The Joker"
 * "Two-Face"
 * "Robin"
 * "The Riddler"
 * "The Mad Hatter"

title: Batman (comic strip)


text:
Ani Lorak

Karolina Myroslavivna Kuiek (born 27 September 1978), better known as Ani Lorak, is a Ukrainian singer and former UN Goodwill Ambassador. Having received Ukraine's most prestigious and honorary title, the People's Artist of Ukraine, Lorak has been cited as one of the most powerful and influential women in her country, as well as ranked one of the most beautiful women from Eastern Europe. Ani Lorak reported the highest income of all singers in Ukraine in 2014.

Lorak became known outside of the former Soviet Union after she represented Ukraine at the Eurovision Song Contest 2008 with the song "Shady Lady", coming in second place behind Dima Bilan from Russia.

Early life
Ani Lorak had a notably tough childhood, which she later claimed shaped her personality. Lorak was born in the provincial city of Kitsman, Chernivtsi Oblast in Western Ukraine. She lived in the same house as Hero of Ukraine, singer and composer Volodymyr Ivasyuk spent his childhood as Lorak's maternal grandfather had bought it from the Ivasyuks after they had decided to move away from Kitsman. Prior to her birth, her parents – a journalist and an announcer – had separated, however, her mother chose to still give Lorak her father's surname upon her birth.

Lorak developed the desire to become a singer as early as the age of four. She often performed at various school vocal competitions. As a child, she listened a lot to Russian singers such as Alla Pugacheva and Larisa Dolina, which were popular at the time she was young.

Speaking Ukrainian as her native language, Lorak was raised by a single mother. After having lived in Kitsman for several years, the family moved to Chernivtsi, where they lived in bitter poverty. From the age of six until seventh class, she and her brothers were placed in a foster home in Chernivtsi as her mother was unable to provide for her children full-time. When she was nine, her eldest brother Serhii died while in combat during the Soviet–Afghan War. Lorak's eldest brother had gone there to receive money to take Lorak and her two brothers out of the foster home. Serhii had also been the first one to recognise her musical potential. When the family was given an apartment in Chernivtsi after all, Lorak was subject to severe bullying in her new school due to her poor background.

1992–1998: Early career in Ukraine and first albums
In 1992, at the age of 13, she took part in the Chernivtsi singing competition Pervotsvit, which she won. There, she met Yuriy Falyosa, who became her first producer. As a result, at the age of 15, she signed her first professional contract for the duration of ten years. In that timeframe, as part of her contract duties, she was not allowed to marry or give birth.

Kuiek became known as Ani Lorak from March 1995 onwards after she took part in the popular children's music television programme Morning Star on Channel One Russia. Intending to perform there mononymously as Karolina, she was told that that was undesirable as there was another famous singer at the time in Russia who performed under that pseudonym. As a result, the stage name "Ani Lorak" was invented, which was the name "Karolina" read backwards.

After participating in "Morning Star", Lorak's star started to rise in Ukraine. In the summer of 1995, Lorak was one of the laureates of the Chervona Ruta festival, that year held in Sevastopol and Simferopol, which led to her definite breakthrough in the Ukrainian show business. Ani Lorak moved to Kyiv later that year to start recording her first album. She was named "Discovery of the Year" at the popular Ukrainian festival Tavria Games in 1996. The same year she released her first Russian-language album, "Khochu letat" (I Want to Fly).

Lorak continued recording new songs in 1997. Her two videos, "Manekenschitsa" and "Bozhe moy," were filmed and the latter became a soundtrack to the movie "The Right to Choose". In the spring of 1998, her new video, "Ya vernus," was shot and in December Lorak's second Russian-language album "Ya vernus" was released. The mastering of this album took place in New York. Simultaneously, her two music videos "O moya lyubov" and "Dozhdlivy gorod" were filmed to accompany her new album.

1999–2005: Honoured Artist of Ukraine, Ukrainian albums and first Eurovision attempt
At the outset of 1999, Lorak started her first extensive and international touring, performing in the United States, France, Germany, Hungary, and in every major city of Ukraine. In 1999, she earned the title of the Honoured Artist of Ukraine. That same year, she got acquainted with Igor Krutoy, who wrote the composition "Zerkala" for her, which brought her more initial fame in Russia.

In 2000, she released her third album with Falyosa as the main producer, titled "www.anilorak.com," containing Russian, Ukrainian, and English compositions. She returned to singing completely in Ukrainian again a year later, releasing her fourth album, "Tam, de ty ye...". This was followed by a second album in Ukrainian, titled "Ani Lorak" in 2004, which mostly had the same songs as her 2000 album. In 2004-2005 Ani Lorak was a UN GoodWill Ambassador in Ukraine for HIV/AIDS.

In 2005, Ani Lorak made her first attempt to perform at the Eurovision Song Contest and was virtually certain to sing the home country's entry in Kyiv, but ultimately failed to be selected. Her narrow defeat in the 2005 national pre-selection competition was particularly controversial, given that the winners – GreenJolly – were only added later and did not have to qualify for the final by winning one of the fifteen preliminary heats, unlike all other finalists. However, their song "Razom nas bahato", had a larger societal impact at the time, following the Orange Revolution. Lorak finished in second place in the Ukrainian national final with the song "A Little Shot Of Love". Afterwards, she released her first and only English-language album Smile.

2006–2012: Changes of producer, Eurovision 2008 and Solntse
In 2006, this was followed by "Rozkazhi," her ninth album, again fully in Ukrainian. Shortly after the album's release, Lorak ended her contract with Falyosa and started to work with producer Konstantin Meladze. That same year, Lorak released a duet with Meladze's brother Valery Meladze, which became Lorak's first radio hit in Russia. In 2007, she celebrated the fifteenth anniversary of her artistry with the album 15, fully in Russian bar one song in English. However, the collaboration with Meladze quickly fell through, leaving Lorak without a producer.

In 2007, Lorak's friend and colleague Philipp Kirkorov successfully produced Belarus' Eurovision 2007 effort and opted to bring Lorak to Eurovision in Belgrade in 2008. In late 2007, it was announced that Ukrainian public broadcaster NTU had internally selected Lorak to represent the country at Eurovision in Belgrade, and that the public and a jury would choose the song. It was the third and last internal selection the country had before internally selecting Go_A in 2021. On 23 February 2008, Lorak performed five potential entries in a special show. The song "Shady Lady", written by Karen Kavaleryan and Philipp Kirkorov won the show with a landslide victory.

Shortly after, she recorded a Russian version of her Eurovision song "Shady Lady" with the title "S neba v nebo." Lorak, similar to Dmitry Koldun a year prior, held an extensive promo campaign and visited other countries to present her song, including Malta, Russia, Bulgaria, Spain and Germany. At the 2008 Eurovision Song Contest in Belgrade, she sang the song "Shady Lady" in the second semi-final on 23 May 2008, winning a place in the final. She took second place in the final after Dima Bilan, giving Ukraine its second runner-up position in a row and its third-best score of all-time. Italian designer Roberto Cavalli designed the ornate dress for Lorak's performance at the contest, which was made with Swarovski Diamonds. Greek choreographer Fokas Evangelinos designed her stage show, involving four dancers. Prior to performing in the final, Lorak had won the Artistic Award, voted the most popular entry among the former winners of the contest.

After her second-place finish at Eurovision, Lorak returned to Ukraine in newfound stardom. For her result, she and Philipp Kirkorov were given the title People's Artist of Ukraine. In Chernivtsi, where her career had taken off in 1992, she received a star on the Star Alley in the centre of the city.

In 2009, she released her tenth album, Solntse, which was produced by Yuliia Kyryliuk, who had previously produced her Eurovision effort. The album became her most successful effort until that moment. In October 2009, Lorak was ranked 41st in a top 100 of "most influential women in Ukraine" compiled by experts for the Ukrainian magazine Focus.

In 2010, Lorak released a compilation album titled "The Best". At the time, she continued releasing, almost exclusively in Russian and performed in countries in the Russian-speaking world.

2013–2017: Criticism for performing in Russia, Razve ty lyubil... and tour show Karolina
In 2013, Lorak returned to Greece to produce her fourteenth "Zazhigay serdtse" together with Kontopoulos. Diana Golde and Ruslan Kvinta also wrote several songs for the album. From March to June 2014, Lorak was a coach on the fourth season "Holos Krainy". During this season, she coached singer Mykyta Aliekieiev, whom she also helped to start his career.

In the wake of the annexation of Crimea and the war in the Donbas, Lorak continued performing in Russia. This led to severe criticism from several politicians and parts of the Ukrainian society. During several of her concerts in Odesa and Kyiv in 2014, protesters gathered in front of the concert venues. In November 2014, activists gathered to protest against her concert in the Palace of Ukraine. A concert in Odesa was subsequently cancelled as a result.

Lorak's appearance in the New Year's programme on the television channel Inter was subject to severe criticism on social media. Her star on the Star Alley of Chernivtsi was first vandalised with the text "PTN GFY" and on the night of 29 to 30 January 2015, stolen. In May 2015, the Chernivtsi City Council decided to not reinstate a new star for Lorak.

Meanwhile, Lorak scored large commercial success in Russia, performing several duets alongside singer Grigory Leps, which included "Ukhodi po-angliyski" and "Zerkala," which both fared well in the Russian radio charts. At the end of 2016, she released her next Russian-language album Razve ty lyubil?.... In 2017, she toured the region with the tour "Karolina."

2018–present: tour shows DIVA and The BEST
At the start of 2018, Lorak started her next tour, titled DIVA, which received positive reviews from music critics. A live album and recording of the tour were released in 2020. In Autumn 2018, Lorak became a coach at the seventh series of The Voice of Russia.

In August 2019, she debuted her jubileum concert tour THE BEST. In late 2019, Lorak released her twelfth studio album Za mechtoy, for which she wrote the majority of the songs herself.

In 2021, she starred in an episode of the Russia-1 television show Sud’ba cheloveka, in which she gave a rare account into her personal life and career history.

In 2022, she opposed the Russian invasion of Ukraine, but was heavily criticised for her lukewarm and late response and continuation to sing in Russia.

Business ventures
In 2005, Ani Lorak and her fiancé Murat opened the Angel Lounge, a restaurant that specializes in Mediterranean cuisine in the center of Kyiv. In 2009, they opened a Ukrainian travel agency called "Holiday Travel", which is a sub-division of "Turtess Travel", a company Murat works for. In 2010, Lorak became an Oriflame advert. She participated in several catalogues and developed a new fragrance called Chiffon by Ani Lorak.

In 2011, Lorak was announced the fifth richest singer in Ukraine, with her team's revenues amounting to $2.35 million that year. Her typical fee is $25,000-$40,000 per concert.

Personal life
Lorak used to be married to Murat Nalçacıoğlu, a Turkish hotel manager and travel agent, from 2009 to 2019. On 9 June 2011, Lorak gave birth to a daughter, Sophia.

Sanctions
On October 19, 2022, Ani Lorak was added to Ukraine's sanctions list.

Charity
Lorak spends a lot of time on charitable activities. Since 2004-2005 Lorak has been a UN Goodwill Ambassador on HIV/AIDS in Ukraine. UNICEF and UN in Ukraine have awarded a commendation to Lorak for assistance and help to HIV-positive citizens of Ukraine. In 2005, Lorak was conferred with the St. Stanislav Order of the 4th degree and the Officer's Cross "for strengthening the international authority of Ukraine, for the high professionalism, great creative achievements, charity and adherence to the ideals of chivalry."

1992

 * Second prize of the Prevotsvit festival in Ukraine (Chernivtsi).

1994

 * First prize of the international festival Veselad (Kyiv).
 * First prize of the international festival Dolia (Chernivtsi).

1995

 * Winner of the "Morning Star" television contest (Moscow).
 * Second prize of the all-Ukrainian festival "Chervona Ruta" (Sevastopol).

1996

 * Winner of the Super Final of the "Morning Star" television contest (Moscow).
 * Winner in the "Finding of 1995" nomination of the "Tavriyski Igry" festival.
 * Grand-Prix winner of the global competition of young performers "Big Apple Music-96" (New York).

1997

 * Prize-winner of the "Song-97" festival (Moscow, Kyiv).
 * Winner of the Grand-Prix of the President of Ukraine following the results of the all-Ukrainian festival "Song Vernissage-97".

1998

 * Award winner in the "Singer of the Year" and "Pop Music of the Year" nominations of the "Tavriyski Ihry-98" festival.

1999

 * Award winner in the "Singer of the Year" nomination of the "Tavriyski Ihry-99" festival.

2000

 * The song "Zerkala" [Mirrors] was recognized as the best club release of 2000.

2001

 * Award winner in the nomination "Singer of the Year" of the "Tavriyski Igry-2001" festival.
 * "Ani Lorak Nazavzhdy" [Ani Lorak Forever] recognized as the best Ukrainian musical film of 2000.

2002

 * The CD 'Tam de ty ye...' becomes Gold.
 * Ani enters the Top 100 list of the sexiest women of the world.
 * Ani Lorak recognized as "The Best Singer of the Year" on the "Tavriyski Igry-2002" festival.

2003

 * Winner in the "Singer of the Year" nomination of the "Tavriyski Igry-2003" festival (Ukraine).
 * Recognized as the "Singer of the Year 2002" by the ELLE magazine.

2004

 * "Singer of the Year 2003", UBN Awards, UK.
 * "Singer of the Year 2003" according to the ELLE magazine.
 * Gold Disc for the "Ani Lorak" album.

2005

 * Ani Lorak's composition "Мriy pro mene" [Dream about me] was recognized as the best song of 2004 at the "Zolotoy Gramofon" [Golden Gramophone] contest.
 * The composition of Ani Lorak "Try zvychnykh slova" [Three usual words] recognized as the best song of 2004 - at the "Zolota Zharptytsia" [Golden Firebird] competition.
 * Ani Lorak recognized as the best singer of 2004. Audience Choice Award "Zolota Zharptytsia".

2006

 * Ani Lorak wins the international music award "Zolota Sharmanka" [Gold Sharmanka] for the song "Rozkazhy" [Tell me].
 * Ani Lorak was recognized as the most beautiful woman of Ukraine by the readers of the VIVA magazine.
 * The "Rozkazhy..." album becomes Gold according to sales results.

2008

 * In May 2008, Ani Lorak became the silver prize winner of the Eurovision Song Contest 2008.
 * Received the "Artistic Award Eurovision Song Contest," which is awarded to the best artist of the contest.
 * According to the magazine "Focus," Ani Lorak is the No. 1 artist in the public interest.
 * According to the magazine "Focus" Ani Lorak entered the top 100 most influential women in Ukraine.

2009

 * According to Eurovision Song Contest Radio Ani Lorak with the song "Shady lady" became "Best singer of 2008".
 * In March 2009, Ani Lorak was awarded the "Person of the Year" award in the nomination "Idol of Ukrainians."

2010

 * At the presentation of the annual WORLD FASHION AWARDS 2010 award, the International TV channel on World Fashion WORLD FASHION CHANNEL recognized Ani Lorak as a Fashion singer.
 * In December, Ani Lorak received the Golden Gramophone for the song "For You" and was awarded the "Song of the Year" diploma as the author of music and the co-author of the words.

2011

 * In March, at the awarding of the "Personality of the Year" award, Ani Lorak received the award in the "Star Solo" nomination.

2012

 * In December Ani gets "Gold Gramophone" award for the song "Obnimi menya krepche" ("Hug Me Tight"), and the song "Obnimi Menya" ("Hug Me") awarded "Song of the Year."
 * According to "Seven Days" magazine Ani Lorak is the most beautiful woman in Russia.

2013

 * In March Ani Lorak became "the most beautiful woman" according to the Viva! magazine.
 * At the ceremony "Persons of the Year, 2012" Ani Lorak got the Personality of Ukrainian Culture award.
 * Ani Lorak got "Choreography of the Year" from RU.TV channel at the Russian Music Awards ceremony, which took place on May, 25.
 * This summer at the Muz-TV 2013 Award in Moscow Ani Lorak was named as "The Best Performer of the Year" and got the long-awaited plate.

2014

 * In May, Ani Lorak received awards from the music channel RU.TV in two categories: "Best duet" for a song with Grigory Leps "Mirrors" and "Karolina" show had won in the nomination "The best concert show of the year".
 * In June, Ani Lorak became the owner of a special award from the recording company «Panik Records» for the sale of her English-language single, «I'm Alive» in the iTunes Store in Greece.
 * On September 20 Ani Lorak took part in the annual ceremony EMA. Eurasian Music Award held at the Central Stadium in Almaty. The singer became the owner of the prestigious award in the category "Best Artist of Eurasia."
 * In December, Ani Lorak received the "Golden Gramophone" award for song with Grigory Leps "Mirrors."
 * And the singer became the winner of the "Song of the Year - 2014" award for the song "Slow" on "Inter" TV channel.

2015

 * Ani Lorak won the nomination "Singer of the Year" and received the coveted samovar at the RU.TV Awards.
 * In June, Ani Lorak became the "Singer of the Year" at MUZ-TV Awards, which took place in Astana.
 * At the annual awards ceremony Fashion People Awards Ani Lorak received award in the nomination "Fashion singer of the year."
 * In November, Ani Lorak received her fifth "Golden Gramophone" for the lyrical song "Ships".

2016

 * Ani Lorak awarded as the most stylish singer by Fashion People Awards.

2017

 * At the end of May, Ani Lorak and Mot win the nomination "Best duet of the year" with the song "Soprano" at the RU.TV Awards.
 * In June, Ani Lorak and Emin win the "Fashion duet" award for their song "I can't tell" at the annual "Fashion People Awards" award ceremony.
 * Later in June Ani Lorak received the award in the nomination "The Best Album of the Year" for the album "Didn't You Love Me?" at the MUZ-TV Awards.
 * In September, Ani Lorak becomes the winner of the special nomination "High Plank" of the MUSICBOX Award.
 * Ani Lorak became the leader of the popular vote of the First Channel and Odnoklassniki.
 * Ani Lorak received her 9th statuette "Golden Gramophone" for a duet song with Moto "Soprano."
 * At the ceremony of awarding the music award "Major League" from "New Radio" Ani Lorak and Moth became owners of the Golden Siren for the song "Soprano."
 * In December, Ani Lorak received the diploma of the festival "Song of the Year" for the song "You Still Love."
 * Ani Lorak and Mot got VK Music Award for the song "Soprano".

2018

 * "The Best Female Singer of the Year," ZARA Music Awards.
 * "Show of the Year," BraVo international music premia (DIVA).
 * At the end of May, Ani Lorak's show DIVA gets the award as the best show of the year at RU.TV's 8th Russian Music Award of RU.TV.
 * In the beginning of June, Ani Lorak's show DIVA is recognized as the best concert show of the year at the Fashion People Awards 2018 in Moscow.
 * At the MUZ-TV Award 2018 Ani Lorak and Mot get the cherished award for the song "Soprano" - the best duet of the year.

title: Ani Lorak


text:
User talk:Brianloftus

Welcome to Wikipedia!
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia!

Here are some tips:
 * Take a look at the Simplified Ruleset.
 * Read the Tutorial, How to edit a page and the Manual of Style.
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If you have any questions, feel free to ask me on my talk page. Thanks and happy editing, Alf 14:12, 28 August 2005 (UTC).

title: User talk:Brianloftus


text:
Icecap (disambiguation)

An ice cap or icecap is a geographical feature.

Icecap may also refer to

 * Icecap Peak, a mountain in British Columbia
 * Raleigh IceCaps, a defunct ECHL Hockey Team
 * St. John's IceCaps, a team in the American Hockey League
 * IceCap Zone, a level from the 1994 video game Sonic the Hedgehog 3
 * Hypothermia cap, medical device to cool the human scalp

title: Icecap (disambiguation)


text:
E. Nelson Bridwell

Edward Nelson Bridwell (September 22, 1931 – January 23, 1987) was an American writer for Mad magazine (writing the now-famous catchphrase, "What you mean...we?" in a 1958 parody of The Lone Ranger) and various comic books published by DC Comics. One of the writers for the Batman comic strip and Super Friends, he also wrote The Inferior Five, among other comics. He has been called "DC's self-appointed continuity cop."

Career
Bridwell's early childhood interest in mythology and folklore stayed with him throughout his professional life and permeated much of his work. He credited his fame to his third grade teacher, Ryan Samuel, for interesting him in comics. Bridwell "was one of the first 'comics fans' hired in the industry after the long, bleak 1950s". Although his first published work consisted of a text page in Adventures into the Unknown #9 (Feb–March 1950) published by the American Comics Group, he had since he "was still a kid" created various characters who would later evolve into those used in comics such as The Inferior Five.

In 1962, while still residing in Oklahoma City, Bridwell submitted to the Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction his first idea for a Feghoot adventure, a specific type of shaggy dog story that ends in a humorous and unexpected play on words. His story was promptly accepted by the feature's pseudonymous author, Grendel Briarton (Reginald Bretnor), and shortly followed by yet another submission from Bridwell which was also accepted ("Dr. Jacqueline Missed Her Hide" and "Nude Rally Tea Pact", respectively.) Besides F&SF, both stories would appear in the various Feghoot anthologies to follow.

After writing a few stories for Mad and for Katy Keene, Bridwell began working for DC Comics in 1965 as an assistant to editor Mort Weisinger, "on the Superman titles, eventually becoming an editor himself (Lois Lane, and later The Superman Family)." Jim Shooter (who also worked with Weisinger) recalls that Weisinger did not always treat his assistant well, saying that his "assistant was Nelson Bridwell and boy, he tortured Nelson. He just was awful to Nelson." Bridwell, however, recalled in 1980 an important lesson learned from Weisinger, that:

 * "You've got to keep in mind that while there are a lot of people who've read about the characters before, there are always new people coming along, and you've got to realize that you can't count on them to know the whole legend of the character."

This lesson set him in good stead both when he helped DC produce three 1970s anthologies — Superman from the Thirties to the Seventies (1971), Batman from the Thirties to the Seventies (1971), and Shazam from the Forties to the Seventies (1977) — and when he wrote for the comic book series based on "one of the best rated TV shows on Saturday morning", Super Friends.

Concurrent with his duties for DC, Bridwell "was submitting material as a freelancer to Mad", some of which was illustrated by Joe Orlando, who would later be suggested by Bridwell as artist for The Inferior Five.

Continuity
Recalling an early interest in comic book continuity, Bridwell "remembered getting a bit perturbed at times when I was a kid by having things that didn't fit", particularly over the wide range of Martian races in evidence in the adventures of DC's Atom, Wonder Woman, and Superman characters. Bridwell was also an early advocate of the theory that the Marvel and DC characters "exist in the same universe", citing early inter-company crossovers such as Superman vs. The Amazing Spider-Man and a cross-company interlocking storyline, with real-world crossover characters, between Justice League of America #103, Thor #207 and Amazing Adventures #16.

Bridwell's love and knowledge of old comics led to his becoming editor on numerous reprint books, including digests, giant-size comics, and hardcover anthologies. He also worked as assistant editor to Julius Schwartz, keeping track of continuity between the numerous Superman titles published. Part of his job was to manage the letter columns for all the Superman titles, and in response to constant reader questions, Bridwell standardized the Kryptonian language and alphabet. Dubbed "Kryptonese", Bridwell established the 118-character alphabet, which was used by DC until John Byrne's 1986 "reboot" of the Superman universe.

The Inferior Five
Bridwell and Joe Orlando created the Inferior Five in Showcase #62 (June 1966). Talking about the humorous super-hero series, Bridwell recalls that:

 * "Jack Miller came up with the idea of a group of incompetent heroes, and at first he came up with the title The Inferior Four. When I created five heroes, he changed it to The Inferior Five. I completely created the heroes as a clown set, and Joe Orlando created the costumes."

Other comics
Bridwell wrote for several other DC titles, including Action Comics, Adventure Comics, Shazam!, Superman, The Superman Family, World's Finest Comics and The Legion of Super-Heroes.

Bridwell and artist Frank Springer co-created the Secret Six in the first issue of the team's eponymous series in May 1968. The first use of the Super Friends name on a DC Comics publication was in Limited Collectors' Edition #C–41 (December 1975–January 1976) which reprinted stories from Justice League of America #36 and 61 and featured a new framing sequence by Bridwell and artist Alex Toth. In 1976, Bridwell and Ric Estrada launched an ongoing  Super Friends comic book series.

Bridwell edited DC Comics' first comic book limited series, The World of Krypton (July–September 1979). He co-wrote Secrets of the Legion of Super-Heroes with Paul Kupperberg and followed it with The Krypton Chronicles.

He co-created the Justice League members Fire and Ice in the Super Friends series and introduced the Global Guardians in DC Comics Presents #46 (June 1982).

He wrote Captain Carrot and his Amazing Zoo Crew, The Oz/Wonderland War trilogy, as well as occasional stories for the black-and-white horror comics Creepy and Eerie, published by Warren Publishing. His last freelance writing work was for Cracked magazine.

As an editor, Bridwell compiled a number of issues of DC 100 Page Super Spectacular, collecting out-of-print stories from the DC archive, often under new covers featuring a Bridwell-created character key.

Papers
Following his death from lung cancer on January 23, 1987, his papers were acquired by the McFarlin Library at the University of Tulsa in 1989.

Homages

 * In Watchmen, Captain Metropolis was named "Nelson Gardner" as a tribute to Bridwell and to Gardner Fox.
 * Astro City #5 introduced "Mr. Bridwell" (alias), a shape-shifting extraterrestrial and undercover advance scout for the invading "Enelsians", compiling, much like his (and their) namesake, an encyclopedic database of Earth's superheroes.

Awards and honors
In 2005, Bridwell was posthumously inducted into the Oklahoma Cartoonists Hall of Fame in Pauls Valley, Oklahoma, located in the Toy and Action Figure Museum. In 2019, Bridwell was posthumously recognized with the Bill Finger Award.

DC Comics

 * Action Comics (Legion of Super-Heroes): #379, 383, 385–387, 390–391 (1969–1970); (Private Life of Clark Kent): #459, 464; (Krypto): #462; (Superman): #561, 563, 576, 580 (1976–1984)
 * Adventure Comics (Legion of Super-Heroes): #350, 351, 356, 403; (Supergirl): #383, 387, 393–394, 409 (1966–1971); (Dial H for Hero): #489–490; (Shazam!): #491–492, 498 (1982–1983)
 * Amazing World of Superman Metropolis Edition (1973)
 * Batman #208, 213 (1969)
 * Captain Carrot and His Amazing Zoo Crew! #10–11 (1982–1983)
 * DC Comics Presents #44, 46, 71, Annual #1 (1982–1984)
 * Detective Comics (Hawkman): #428, 434, 446, 452, 454–455; (Elongated Man): #430 (1972–1976)
 * The Flash #175 (1967)
 * House of Mystery #178–179, 184, 205, 209, 217, 229, 253, 257 (1969–1978)
 * Inferior Five #1–7 (1967–1968)
 * Krypton Chronicles miniseries #1–3 (1981)
 * The New Adventures of Superboy  #9, 12, 23–24; (Dial H for Hero): #28–49 (1980–1984)
 * Secrets of Haunted House #8 (1977)
 * Secrets of Sinister House #8, 12, 14 (1972–1973)
 * Shazam! #10–12, 16, 18, 25, 27–28, 30–35 (1974–1978)
 * Showcase (Inferior Five): #62–63, 65; (Maniaks): #68–69, 71 (1966–1967)
 * Strange Adventures #186 (1966)
 * Superboy #123, 131, 137, 142–143, 146–147; (Legion of Super-Heroes): #172, 176, (1965–1971)
 * Super Friends #1–19, 21, 23, 25–40, 42–47, Special #1 (1976–1981)
 * Superman #170, 187, 203, 233–234, 287, 289 (1964–1975); 408 (1985)
 * Superman's Girl Friend, Lois Lane #66, 79 (1966–1967)
 * Superman's Pal Jimmy Olsen #118, 120, 123–124, 128–129, 150, 152 (1969–1972)
 * Weird War Tales #17 (1971-1983)
 * World's Finest Comics (Shazam!) #253–270, 272–282 (1978–1982)

EC Comics

 * Mad #27, 34, 38–40, 44, 53, 137, 158 (1956–1975)
 * Mad Special #27, 30, 36 (1978–1981)
 * More Trash From Mad #2 (1959)
 * Worst From Mad #1 (1958)

Warren Publishing

 * Creepy #142 (1982)
 * Eerie #2, 16, 24 (1966–1969)
 * Eerie Yearbook 1970 (1969)

title: E. Nelson Bridwell


text:
File:Targ.png

Fair use rationale: Non-commercial use, minimal portion of copyrighted work used, used to illustrate the main subject of the topic in question, reduced quality, not replaceable by a free image.

title: File:Targ.png


text: Talk:Video game boss

title: Talk:Video game boss


text:
Devín

Devín (, Dévény, Theben) is a borough of Bratislava, the capital of Slovakia, located in the Bratislava IV district. Originally a separate village at the confluence of the Danube and Morava rivers, Devín maintained its rural character and today, it is one of the smallest boroughs of Bratislava by population. It is an important archaeological site, featuring the ruins of Devín Castle.

Geographically, Devín lies on the foothills of Devínska Kobyla next to the Devín Gate, a narrow stretch on the river Danube, which was viewed as the western gateway to the Kingdom of Hungary. It lies near the border between Slovakia and Austria which runs down the middle of the Morava and Danube rivers, and which previously formed part of the Iron Curtain between the Eastern and the Western Bloc.

The word Devín stems from the Slovak word deva, which signifies "a lass".

Location
Devín is bordered by Austria from the south and from the west, the borough of Devínska Nová Ves from the north, the borough of Dúbravka from the east and the borough of Karlova Ves from the south-east.

Transport

 * Buses
 * Line
 * Night buses
 * Line

History
Thanks to its strategic location at the confluence of the rivers Danube and Morava, the nearby cliff was an ideal place for a fort. The site has been settled since the Neolithic and both the Celts and Romans built forts here.

Devín was first mentioned in a document from 1237 under the name Villa Thebyn. Originally, it was a small village, belonging to the Devín Castle, but quickly attained the status of a small town in the 15th century. In 1568, Devín became separated from its former owner. Croats fleeing from the approaching Ottomans in the south settled here in the 16th century. The castle above the village was burned down by Napoleon's troops in 1809. Due to its mainly German population the village was ceded to Germany as part of the Munich agreement in 1938. From October 1938 to April 1945, Devín was part of the German Third Reich, being part of Lower Austria. In 1946, Devín was returned to Czechoslovakia and became part of Bratislava. The German inhabitants were expelled.

During the Cold War Devín was just inside the Iron Curtain and the northern banks of the Danube and Morava rivers were heavily fortified. The border fortifications were dismantled after the Velvet Revolution of 1989, and there is now free access to the riverbank.

Characteristics
Devín is part of Bratislava, yet differs from the rest of the city due to its rural character. As a popular recreation center, it offers an ancient castle located on a spectacular cliff, hiking trails in the hilly areas around the village, large gardens and vineyards, as well as opportunities for quiet walks along the Danube. Good bus connections with the center of Bratislava are a part of the municipal public transportation system. Most of the people commute to work elsewhere in Bratislava.

Devín is quite commonly flooded by the Morava and Danube rivers, with the strongest flood in recent history being in August 2002. To fight the floods the use of a Wide Net has been cast. Results still pending to determine efficacy.

The borough hosts the oldest organized running event in Slovakia, the National Run Devín-Bratislava, which is almost 12 kilometres long and takes place each year after Easter.

title: Devín


text:
Claudia Jordan

Claudia Angela Jordan (born April 12, 1973), is an American talk show host, actress, model, businesswoman, and reality television and radio personality. She is known for appearing as a model on the U.S. version of Deal or No Deal and The Price Is Right, and for competing on seasons 2 and 6 of The Celebrity Apprentice. Jordan appeared on the Bravo reality television series The Real Housewives of Atlanta for its seventh season.

Career
Jordan appeared on the second season of The Celebrity Apprentice. In the series, celebrities raise money for a charity of their choice; Jordan selected the NAPSAC Foundation as her charity. She was later asked to return to compete on the All-Star version of The Celebrity Apprentice. She was then hired by Apprentice host Donald Trump to co-host the Miss Universe 2009 pageant from the Bahamas alongside Billy Bush. Jordan's first hosting job was for Fox Sports West as a red-carpet correspondent for 54321 and also appeared on The Best Damn Sports Show Period. She then went on E! and The Style Network as the co-host of The Modern Girl's Guide to Life for two seasons. After that, she was asked to join BET's late night sports talk show Ballers with John Salley, Guy Torry and Hugh Douglas. Jordan was also a standout on the satellite radio show The Foxxhole alongside Jamie Foxx, who then gave her, her own weekly show on Sirius/XM Radio on The Foxxhole, called "The Claudia Jordan Show". Jordan also co-hosted on "Reach Around Radio". Jordan was a co-host on Tameka Cottle's talk show Tiny's Tonight alongside Tamar Braxton and rapper Trina. The television pilot aired in December 2012 on VH1. Jordan also hosted a travel show for AT&T called The Summer of Adventure. In October 2014, it was announced that Jordan would be joining the cast of The Real Housewives of Atlanta as a main housewife for its seventh season while simultaneously working as a co-host on the nationally syndicated Rickey Smiley Morning Show. Jordan also often appears as a contributor on CNN and HLN. She went on to star in TV One's The Next 15 and lead her own morning show in Dallas, The Morning Rush, which was the top-rated R&B Morning show in Dallas. She currently hosts two talk shows on Fox Soul: Cocktails with Queens (co-starring Vivica A. Fox, Syleena Johnson, and LisaRaye McCoy) and Tea G-I-F (with Al Reynolds and Funky Dineva).

title: Claudia Jordan


text:
Greenbrier Military School

The Greenbrier Military School was a boys-only, private, military, boarding high school and Junior College, located in Lewisburg, West Virginia. The school was founded in 1812 and closed in 1972, when the campus was converted into the West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine. The sister school was Greenbrier College.

Present Day Impact
In the early 2000s, alumni of The Greenbrier Military School created a program called The Greenbrier Cadet Program where they partnered with Fork Union Military Academy. The program honors one cadet each year that exemplifies the values held by The Greenbrier Military School and the cadet wears an honor cord which is presented at the spring parades, where Greenbrier Military School alumni are the guests of honor.

The school's alumni fund a scholarship at the WVSOM osteopathic college that occupies the former military school plant and campus.

The Greenbrier Military School Alumni Association (GMSAA) directs and funds the Greenbrier Military School Leadership Scholarship, that grants scholarships to at least one graduating senior from both Greenbrier East High School and Greenbrier West High School.

Notable alumni

 * Sheriff Blake, Major League Baseball pitcher
 * William H. "Bill" Compton, Jr., mental health advocate, Class of 1963
 * Bob Evans, restaurateur, Class of 1937
 * Homer A. Holt, 20th Governor of West Virginia
 * Jim Justice, 36th Governor of West Virginia
 * Alan Mollohan, former U.S. Representative for West Virginia's 1st congressional district
 * Joe Palumbo, All-American football player at the University of Virginia
 * José Armando Bermúdez Pippa (Don Poppy), former CEO of J. Armando Bermúdez & Co., S.A.
 * Roger Price, humorist and creator of Droodles and Mad Libs
 * Winston L. Shelton, engineer and inventor
 * Don Panoz, businessman, auto racing patron and founder, Elan Pharmaceuticals

title: Greenbrier Military School


text:
Talk:Michael Minovitch

Untitled
Bold textMichael Minovitch comes from a long line of famous people including Newton Minow, Eve Mandel, Harold Milovsky and Sherwood Bassin.

BBC mention
"The maths that made Voyager possible" "In 1961, mathematics graduate Michael Minovitch decided to take on the hardest problem in celestial mechanics - the "three body problem"." With extensive mention of how this made Voyager missions possible. Shenme (talk) 22:10, 23 October 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Michael Minovitch


text:
User talk:NABCEP

Welcome to Wikipedia!
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia!

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If you have any questions, feel free to ask me on my talk page. Thanks and happy editing, Alf 14:18, 28 August 2005 (UTC).

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title: User talk:NABCEP


text:
Lucía Etxebarría

Lucía Etxebarria de Asteinza (7 December 1966 in Valencia) is a Spanish writer, winner of Premio Nadal in 1998 and Premio Planeta de Novela in 2004.

Career
Lucía Etxebarria de Asteinza was born in Valencia in 1966, daughter of José Ignacio Echevarría Gorroño and Lucía de Asteinza Stocke, of Basque parents as their names suggests, the youngest of seven children. The Basque surname Etxebarria has no diacritics, although its Spanish version Echevarría has. Etxebarría was a typo that she liked and adopted as a nom de plume, though it is not used in all her books.

Her first book was Kurt Cobain and Courtney Love's biography: La historia de Kurt y Courtney: aguanta esto (1996). Her first novel, Amor, curiosidad, prozac y dudas (1997) received Ana María Matute's support, and situated her in the Generacion Kronen scope. The following year her second novel, Beatriz y los cuerpos celestes, won the Nadal Prize.

With De todo lo visible y lo invisible (2001) she won the Primavera Prize. With Un milagro en equilibrio, she obtained the 53rd Planeta Prize in 2004. In addition to these books and many other titles she has published poetry; her collection Actos de placer y amor won the Barcarola Poetry Prize in 2004. She has published two collections of feminist essays, and has also worked as a scriptwriter.

In 2011, Etxebarria said she would stop writing, claiming that digital redistribution of her books had made writing not worth the effort because of piracy.

She was a member of Mensa.

title: Lucía Etxebarría


text:
Kojonup, Western Australia

Kojonup is a town 256 km south-east of Perth, Western Australia along Albany Highway in the Great Southern region. The name Kojonup refers to the "Kodja" or stone axe made by Aboriginal Australians, from the local stone.

History
The Noongar people are the traditional owners and inhabitants of Kojonup. Specifically, the Noongar people of Kojonup today are descendants of the Kaneang language group and their neighbours, such as the Koreng, Pinjareb and Menang. Historically the Noongar people drank from the local freshwater spring and hunted game with the traditional Noongar "kodj" or "kodja", or stone axe. Both Kojonup and The Kodja Place are named after the historically significant implement.

The first European in the area was surveyor Alfred Hillman who arrived in 1837 and had been guided to freshwater spring by the Noongar people. The site was an important staging place on the road to Albany, and in 1837 a military post was established there for the protection of travellers and the mail. By 1845 this outpost had grown to support a military barracks, built on the site of the freshwater spring. Today, the barracks still stands on its original site and houses the Kojonup Historical Society Pioneer Museum. The barracks is one of the oldest buildings in Western Australia. The first farms in Kojonup were set up by soldiers with settlement grants. The appointment in 1865 of a mounted police constable marked the phasing out of the military presence at Kojonup. By the late 1860s the military had left and the barracks became a focus for community gatherings, much as it is today. The town's first police station was built in 1869 and the first hotel licence was granted in 1868.

In early 1898 the population of the town was 67, 32 men and 35 women.

In 1926 the Kojonup Memorial Hall was built at a cost of £5,000; it was officially opened by Major General Sir Talbot Hobbs.

Kojonup has been the home to many important Australian rules football players, including several players of Indigenous Australian descent.

Economy
The early economy of the town was initially dependent on cutting and transporting sandalwood and kangaroo hunting but by the mid-19th century the wool industry began to boom and by 1906 the shire had 10,500 sheep. By 1989 the shire had seen over 1 million sheep being shorn.

To celebrate the importance of the wool industry the town built a one and a half scale model of a wool wagon; the project was officially opened on Australia Day in 2001.

The surrounding areas produce wheat and other cereal crops including organic, conventional and genetically modified.

The Kojonup region has hosted some of Australia's earliest biodynamic and organic agriculture endeavours. The Marsh v Baxter case has put Kojonup at the epicentre of the battle in Australia of organic versus genetically modified agriculture. The town is a receival site for Cooperative Bulk Handling.

Recreation
Sporting facilities include a golf club with 18 holes, a tennis club, a skate park, a 50 m outdoor swimming pool, football oval, netball courts, and hockey ovals. Other attractions are The Kodja Place, Kojonup Youth Centre and rose maze. Town elder, Billy Riley, gives tours at The Kodja Place, recognising the Noongar history of Kojonup. The name of the Jack Cox courtyard commemorates the life of the first Noongar guide at Kodja Place.

Notable current and past residents

 * Peter Bell, Australian rules football player, member of the Australian Football Hall of Fame
 * Shannon Cox, Australian rules football player
 * Stephen Michael, Australian rules football player, member of the Australian Football Hall of Fame
 * Brigadier Arnold William Potts DSO, OBE, MC, MID), Australian grazier who served in both World Wars

title: Kojonup, Western Australia