text:
User talk:Dontbegreat

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If you have any questions, feel free to ask me on my talk page. Thanks and happy editing, Alf 14:45, 30 August 2005 (UTC).

title: User talk:Dontbegreat


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Abstract state machine

In computer science, an abstract state machine (ASM) is a state machine operating on states that are arbitrary data structures (structure in the sense of mathematical logic, that is a nonempty set together with a number of functions (operations) and relations over the set).

Overview
The ASM Method is a practical and scientifically well-founded systems engineering method that bridges the gap between the two ends of system development:

 * the human understanding and formulation of real-world problems (requirements capture by accurate high-level modeling at the level of abstraction determined by the given application domain)
 * the deployment of their algorithmic solutions by code-executing machines on changing platforms (definition of design decisions, system and implementation details).

The method builds upon three basic concepts:
 * ASM: a precise form of pseudo-code, generalizing Finite State Machines to operate over arbitrary data structures
 * ground model: a rigorous form of blueprints, serving as an authoritative reference model for the design
 * refinement: a most general scheme for stepwise instantiations of model abstractions to concrete system elements, providing controllable links between the more and more detailed descriptions at the successive stages of system development.

In the original conception of ASMs, a single agent executes a program in a sequence of steps, possibly interacting with its environment. This notion was extended to capture distributed computations, in which multiple agents execute their programs concurrently.

Since ASMs model algorithms at arbitrary levels of abstraction, they can provide high-level, low-level and mid-level views of a hardware or software design. ASM specifications often consist of a series of ASM models, starting with an abstract ground model and proceeding to greater levels of detail in successive refinements or coarsenings.

Due to the algorithmic and mathematical nature of these three concepts, ASM models and their properties of interest can be analyzed using any rigorous form of verification (by reasoning) or validation (by experimentation, testing model executions).

History
The concept of ASMs is due to Yuri Gurevich, who first proposed it in the mid-1980s as a way of improving on Turing's thesis that every algorithm is simulated by an appropriate Turing machine. He formulated the ASM Thesis: every algorithm, no matter how abstract, is step-for-step emulated by an appropriate ASM. In 2000, Gurevich axiomatized the notion of sequential algorithms, and proved the ASM thesis for them. Roughly stated, the axioms are as follows: The axiomatization and characterization of sequential algorithms have been extended to parallel and interactive algorithms.
 * states are structures,
 * the state transition involves only a bounded part of the state, and
 * everything is invariant under isomorphisms of structures. (Structures can be viewed as algebras, which explains the original name evolving algebras for ASMs.)

In the 1990s, through a community effort, the ASM method was developed, using ASMs for the formal specification and analysis (verification and validation) of computer hardware and software. Comprehensive ASM specifications of programming languages (including Prolog, C, and Java) and design languages (UML and SDL) have been developed.

A detailed historical account can be found elsewhere.

A number of software tools for ASM execution and analysis are available.

Books

 * AsmBook: Egon Börger, Robert Stärk. Abstract State Machines: A Method for High-Level System Design and Analysis
 * JBook: R.Stärk, J.Schmid, E.Börger. Java and the Java Virtual Machine: Definition, Verification, Validation
 * Proceedings/Journal Issues (since 2000)
 * 2008: Springer LNCS 5238 Abstract State Machines, B and Z
 * 2007: J.UCS Special Issue with Selected Papers from ASM'07
 * 2006: Springer LNCS 5115 Rigorous Methods for Software Construction and Analysis, ASM and B Dagstuhl Seminar
 * 2005: Fundamenta Informatica Special Issue with Selected Papers from ASM'05 (electronic proceedings)
 * 2004: Springer LNCS 3052 Abstract State Machines 2004
 * 2003: Springer LNCS 2589 Abstract State Machines 2003: Advances in Theory and Practice
 * 2003: TCS special Issue with Selected Papers from ASM'03
 * 2002: Dagstuhl Seminar Report Theory and Applications of Abstract State Machines
 * 2001: J.UCS 7.11 Special Issue with Selected Papers from ASM'01
 * 2000: Springer LNCS 1912 Abstract State Machines: Theory and Applications
 * Comparative case studies with ASM contributions
 * Steam-Boiler Control: Specification Case Study, Springer LNCS 1165
 * Production Cell: Software Development Case Study, ASM model
 * Railcrossing: Formal Methods for Real-Time Computing, ASM model
 * Light Control: Requirements Engineering Case Study, Dagstuhl Seminar
 * Invoicing: Requirements Capture Case Study

Behavioral models for industrial standards

 * OMG for BPMN (version 2006): Springer LNCS 5316
 * OASIS for BPEL: IJBPMI 1.4 (2006)
 * ECMA for C#: "A high-level modular definition of the semantics of C♯"
 * ITU-T for SDL-2000: formal semantics of SDL-2000 and Formal Definition of SDL-2000 - Compiling and Running SDL Specifications as ASM Models
 * IEEE for VHDL93: E.Boerger, U.Glaesser, W.Mueller. Formal Definition of an Abstract VHDL'93 Simulator by EA-Machines. In: Carlos Delgado Kloos and Peter T.~Breuer (Eds.), Formal Semantics for VHDL, pp. 107–139, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1995
 * ISO for Prolog: "A mathematical definition of full Prolog"

Tools
(in historical order since 2000)
 * The ASM Workbench
 * ASMETA, the Abstract State Machine Metamodel and its tool set
 * AsmL
 * CoreASM, available at CoreASM, an extensible ASM execution engine
 * AsmGofer on Archive.org
 * The XASM open source project on SourceForge

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Abstract state machine


text:
La Matanza de Acentejo

La Matanza de Acentejo is a town near the north coast of Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain. It is located 10 km east of Puerto de la Cruz, and about 20 km west of the island's capital, Santa Cruz de Tenerife. Its name means "the Slaughter of Acentejo" in Spanish, and refers to the 1494 First Battle of Acentejo, lost by the Spanish.

The population is 8,944 (2013) and the area is 14.11 km2. The elevation is 425 m. The TF-5 motorway passes through the municipality. The municipality contains the following settlements:
 * La Matanza de Acentejo
 * Guia
 * Las Breñas
 * El Caleton
 * Acentejo
 * San Antonio
 * San Cristobal

History
In historic times before the arrival of the Spaniards, Acentejo was part of the menceyato (kingdom) of Taoro. The first and the second battles of Acentejo took place in 1494. The Spanish under Alonso Fernández de Lugo suffered a terrible defeat at this first battle, at the place now called La Matanza ("The Slaughter"). It occurred in present-day Barranco de San Antonio, which the Guanches called Farfan. The second battle resulted in a victory for the Spaniards, in which the town of La Victoria de Acentejo was founded.

Currently under construction is a scale replica of the interior of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem (the place where according to Christian tradition, was taken the body of Jesus Christ after his crucifixion), the replica will be located in the plaza of El Salvador's municipality. In this room is to also place a replica of the Shroud of Turin (Italy).

Notable people

 * Antonio de Benavides, governor of Spanish Florida

title: La Matanza de Acentejo


text:
Pseudolachnostylis

Pseudolachnostylis is a genus of plants in the family Phyllanthaceae first described as a genus in 1899. It contains only one known species, Pseudolachnostylis maprouneifolia native to central and southern Africa. Its common name is kudu berry, though the term also applies for Cassine aethiopica. In Zimbabwe it is called mutsonzowa (Shona) or Umqobampunzi (Ndebele).

four varieties are recognized
 * varieties
 * 1) Pseudolachnostylis maprouneifolia var. dekindtii (Pax) Radcl.-Sm. - Katanga, Tanzania, Angola, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Namibia, Limpopo, Mpumalanga
 * 2) Pseudolachnostylis maprouneifolia var. glabra (Pax) Brenan - Burundi, Zaire, Tanzania, Angola, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Namibia, Limpopo, Mpumalanga
 * 3) Pseudolachnostylis maprouneifolia var. maprouneifolia - Katanga, Burundi, Tanzania, Angola, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Caprivi Strip
 * 4) Pseudolachnostylis maprouneifolia var. polygyna (Pax & K.Hoffm.) Radcl.-Sm. - Tanzania, Zambia, Malawi

title: Pseudolachnostylis


text:
Talk:Old New Synagogue

Hitler's museum
I had heard that, during World War II, Hitler planned to make this synagogue into a museum describing the history of Jews in Europe (which he of course intended to put an end to). Does anyone else know anything about this? --Jfruh 14:47, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

 * This synagogue would have been too small to hold much of a museum by itself. There is an interesting discussion at which says that  there already was a Jewish Museum in Prague before the war, and that a member of the Jewish community proposed that the museum house Jewish ritual object confiscated by the Nazis and that Hitler liked the idea as a museum to an "extinct race." The present Jewish Museum in Prague is housed in several former synagogues and has a very large collection of ritual objects. They both beautiful and very sad, when you realized the collection amounts to a census of destroyed communities. One exhibit burned into my memory is a large WW-II-era crate filled with tefilin.  --agr 19:01, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

According to the Lonely Planet guidebook for Czech & Slovak Republics (2007 Ed.), the entire Jewish neighborhood was meant to be a "Museum of an Extinct Race" --thus they spared the neighborhood and its historic buildings. --Bobak 19:49, 20 July 2007 (UTC)

verifiable source for LEGEND? of Golem
how exactelly you find " verifiable source " for legend? Just read article about Golem of Prague. 71.99.122.149 (talk) 05:41, 29 January 2008 (UTC)

The Jews certainly did a good job of giving the legend more credibility by removing the stairs which led to the attic. That just encourages more weirdos to try to get in. 13:48, 10 November 2008 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Worldruler20 (talk • contribs)

I came across this legend in an old book "On the Kabbalah and its symbolism" (page 203)By G. G. Scholem. It is clearly a "true" legend, if that means anything 165.134.190.41 (talk) 23:14, 13 January 2009 (UTC)

Women's Synagogue
I had read that the Altneushul had a room where women worshiped separately, led by a female cantor. Can anyone expand on this? Josh-Levin@ieee.org (talk) 03:23, 18 March 2009 (UTC)
 * There is actually aron hakodesh in the room for women (called "weibershil" in Yidish). Although it could be used by women, I think this is unlikely. My explanation is, this part of the synagogue was used in winter, because it was easier to heat it up. AsiBakshish 03:01, 30 August 2010 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by AsiBakshish (talk • contribs)

Altneuschul-Old New Synagogue
I am a student of Jewish History and in the scholarly literature on the topic it is usually referred to as the Altneuschul. I was wondering if it would be okay to add the name Altneuschul to the page title? --Nbsiegel22 (talk) 19:11, 22 July 2015 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Old New Synagogue


text:
Talk:Glaive

§==Pop Culture List==
 * Carnildo wrote: Trivia/pop culture lists are evil, and tend to grow until they overwhelm the article

I do not beleive either of these statements are true. Pop culture lists are not evil, and I have never seen one overwhelm an article. I will admit they are sometimes unneccesary, and frequently too long, but I think you are exagerating.

Furthermore, it seems to me that a pop-culture section could be valuable in this particular article, because this whirling throwing-blade definition of "glaive" seems not to be limited to one movie. It occurs both in Krull, and the Blade series. Yes, these things are not "glaives" by any proper definition, but most people in our culture do not train for mêlée combat, and learn everything they know about weapons through movies. Shouldn't we at least acknowledge this definition of glaive, even if only to trash it?

Speaking of which, I seem to recall reading that there were at least three weapons which were actually historically called glaives. We probably should mention this too. --Iustinus 14:47, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

 * In regards to your first point, please see the second half of railgun. In regards to your second point, please see the second half of railgun. --Carnildo 19:12, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I believe pop culture lists are entirely unnecessary, however I have neither seen one overwhelm an article nor swear an oath to Satan and begin practising arcane rituals late at night. I believe in this case simply stating what a glaive is qualifies as sufficient explanation, and there is no need to say "Despite what some believe, a glaive is not this that or the other". — Nicholas 07:24, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

OK, OK, allow me to change tack slightly. According to the OED, the word "glaive" has been used to describe basically three weapons throughout history: Etymologically, "glaive" is usually assumed to come from Latin gladius and/or Celtic *cladivos, both of which mean "sword," yet in the earliest occurences of this word in French it is used in definition #1. Definition #2, the OED claims, is found only in English. Definition #3, I think, is the only one in Modern French (though I will happily take corrections on that). This was the "third point" in my original comment. I think we should definitely work this in somewhere in the article.
 * 1) A lance or spear (examples cited from 1297-1592)
 * 2) A polearm similar to a "bill" or "halbert" (examples cited from 1450-1678)
 * 3) A sword (poetic, examples cited from 1470-1887)

Now, as for the whirling blades, I did some more searching last night and I found further examples of this:. From a purely descriptivist point of view, I think we have enough examples of this usage that we should at least mention it. And actually, as there are a number of sources we don't really have to mention any movies by name. --Iustinus 16:51, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

--

user:69.255.46.172 added the following:
 * In the RTS Warcraft 3 by Blizzard entertainment, it is a 3-sided large shuriken used by Night elves with huntresses throwing them, and Glave throwers (ballistas)
 * in another RTS, Starcraft, also by Blizzard, Zerg mutalisks spit "glave wurms" that bounce off targets and also look like 3-sided shurikens.

I have removed it per the compromise with Carnildo: we are mentioning the shuriken-boomerang use of the word "glaive" but not enumerating occurences. it is good to know of another such occurence, but we don't want to turn this article into a list, which could get very long (we already five), and afterall is dealing with a very specialized use of the term, to say the least. --Iustinus 00:06, 23 January 2006 (UTC)

Seeing as there's a debate on having a pop culture list I'll discuss first. I'd like to add a mention of Sailor Saturn who is probably the most well-known example of a using an actual glaive in popular fiction. Her weapon is known as the "Silence Glaive" and there's an image here Leoroc 18:17, 6 November 2006 (UTC)

-I'd like to comment in pop culture that the Award winning adventure game Okami made by capcom uses this word requently in place of the word "sword" to add vocabular veriety. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.246.137.199 (talk) 00:54, 30 December 2009 (UTC)

According too Weapons a 2006 guide by DK a glaive is a polearm with a blade like a butterknife at the end. It is also similar to the japanese naginata.--Jesgreenleaf 13:25, 8 March 2007 (UTC)

Why was the popular culture list removed? It's gone from 'here's a list of occurrences of a weapon which happens to share it's name with a Glaive', to 'A Glaive is actually a circular object which returns to it's owners hand after thrown like a boomerang.'. Before, it's accurate and reasonable, now it's completely changed the meaning of the term. You could even do two articles if you wanted to given that the objects being referred to are completely different and in no way should be meshed together to suit a "I have a larger phallus so lets do this to the article" argument. Not on the same level as calling a Naginata and a Glaive the same thing, but getting there. Chrissd21 (talk) 12:01, 3 May 2011 (UTC)

Glaive as a Sword
This is mentioned above several times, but there are quite a few occurences of the word glaive referring to a type of sword, namely the type of gladius wielded by infantry of the Roman Legion. Quite a few serious sources mention this, and in fact, the American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language sets this as the only description of the term "Glaive". I recognize that the etymology of the term is a bit tricky but the link with gladius seems intuitively right. This article is too assertive in denying this, and does not cite sources for its assertions. I believe references to use of the term "Glaive" as meaning "a type of sword" should be inserted into the article. Edward Grefenstette 16:31, 13 March 2006 (UTC)
 * I assume that you are specifically talking about etymology, rather than semantics. But the article denies neither that glaive can sometimes mean sword, nor that it is probably from a Latin or Celtic word for sword. The point is simply that the earliest attestations of the word refer to spears rather than swords. As for sources, that section is based mostly on the OED (see the above discussion). I suppose I should annotate that.
 * It is interesting that the AHD defines glaive as "Archaic A sword, especially a broadsword." but note that it doesn't specify a Roman sword. Can you give me some sources on that? In English, I mean, because in Modern French glaive = Roman sword seems to be fairly common. --Iustinus 20:34, 13 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Indeed, I'm arguing the etymology. My edition of the OED gives the definition as "ORIGIN Middle English (denoting a lance or halberd): from Old French, apparently from Latin gladius ‘sword.’" I'd argue that this indicates shakey etymology, and both possibilities for the definition of Glaive should be included, based on the AHD's definition, and the correlation with the definition in other languages. After all, if it comes from a french word meaning 'sword', which comes from the latin word for 'sword', then it certainly deserves mention.
 * As for the AHD defintion, that was only my assumption based on the term Gladius. Edward Grefenstette 00:41, 14 March 2006 (UTC)
 * actually glaive in french means a sturdy short sword, made for thrust and slash, as the roman infantry used. It seems strange that the only reference to a sword is as a poetic word for sword even in modern french. and that is quite false. . saying that the ethymology from gladius to glaive is tricky seems bizarre at leaast. glaive comes from a latin word transfered into english. the transfert from gladius to glaive doesn't seems so strange. going from boeuf to beef doesn't move anyone...

Dumdedum
Just sticking this link here for future reference, some of these polearm articles need cleaning up —porg es (talk) 02:27, 29 August 2006 (UTC)

svärdstav
Not sure if the mention of Svärdstav is appropriate here.

According to the Swedish Royal Academy's Dictionary (http://g3.spraakdata.gu.se/saob/), Svärdstav has two meanings:

Loosely translated: 1) Under copper and early bronze age weapon with a dagger / sword shaped blade, mounted at a right angle on a staff about 1.5 meters long.

2) hollow cane containing a hidden sword.

The first definition could possibly be a Glaive, but the sentence looks romanticized and the description in the Dictionary does not match the design of a Glaive. The second definition is the one that i think most people would relate to as a svärdstav, and is absolutely not a Glaive.

I'm sure Glaives have been designed all over the world as some form of staff-mounted blade, but I don't understand why the Swedish version (if it indeed could be call a svärdstav) would deserve a special mention.

I'm going to take out the entry about the Swedish weapon, If someone has a compelling argument against this, go ahead and put it back in and state your case.

Popoi 02:00, 26 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Might make an interesting addition to Dagger-axe, the time period and description of the the first definition would be spot on, geography is another matter. KTo288 (talk) 10:11, 22 August 2008 (UTC)

Plagiarism
This article, possibly in its entirety, appears to be copy-pasted from Tools of War: History of Weapons in Medieval Times by Syed Ramsey

https://books.google.com/books?id=tko5DAAAQBAJ&pg=PT85&lpg=PT85&dq=Champagne+saucer+glaive&source=bl&ots=q6cnlri1Ko&sig=gvmUxssuxa7F_Gw_dke8weCkO2k&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwih59yNl_3QAhVBNSYKHdg_AmYQ6AEIPDAI#v=onepage&q=Champagne%20saucer%20glaive&f=false

Leehach (talk) 07:19, 18 December 2016 (UTC)

In fiction
It would be good to expand upon than.

They fall into group of folding throwers that consists of two (fictional) classes (another class is folding shuriken). Premiered in the movie Krull, what originally meant a sword and became a polearm sometimes later, it represents a throwing blade that can be utilized as both a melee weapon and as a thrown weapon. It is a multi-bladed throwing implement whose blades could be folded into itself in order to give it a smaller form factor, presumably for easier transportation. They also seem to have a boomerang-like ability to come back to their wielder. Then it appeared in games, the first one being the video game adaptation of the movie itself, also titled Krull, launched in 1983 on the Atari 2600 platform. sharp frisbee. " In Old French, where the word glaive referred to most any kind of shafted weapon, the word carried a second meaning: it was used figuratively to describe the kind of destruction such a weapon imparts, specifically violent death. "  Most knowns examples are glaives from movies The Beastmaster (called caber or sth like that), Blade, Predator/Alien franchise. Setenzatsu (talk) 11:20, 16 June 2019 (UTC)

Connection to Baphomet
I came here from the wikipedia article on baphomet, which mentions that at least one historical image of baphomet shows him with a "glaive". I wondered what a glaive was, and came here. Noticed that the connection to Baphomet was missing, so I'm posting this on the chance that someone else thinks it should be included.2605:6000:6FC0:25:70F7:DBF:A3F2:E86D (talk) 04:20, 20 June 2020 (UTC)

Hollywood “glaive”
It deserves a section (at least to clear up possible confusion). "It is a multi-bladed throwing implement whose blades could be folded into itself in order to give it a smaller form factor, presumably for easier transportation. They also seem to have a boomerang-like ability to come back to their wielder. " It is featured in at least 3 movies: The Beastmaster, Krull, Blade. In the Beastaster movie, the protagonist uses a throwing weapon called a "caber". Blade uses 2: Shredder and Cyclone. 31.217.23.106 (talk) 21:16, 6 September 2020 (UTC)

First drawing
The first drawing's text claims it illustrates several glaives. It. does. not. What it does illustrate is the blades (head) of some glaives. An analogy would be a drawing of the heads of six people with text claiming it illustrates people. Although it's worse in the case of glaives since the reader may not understand that their poles are not shown while I doubt anyone would believe that a head is a full person.174.130.71.156 (talk) 09:41, 11 January 2023 (UTC)

Where Roman Glaive short swords the first Glave pole arms?
When considering the mass and shape of a Roman Gladius/Glaive short sword it is quite possible that this sword was reforged into the Glave Polearm. In particular, a French Glave bears striking similarities. Has there been studies on the metallurgy of these Glave polearms? 204.144.215.204 (talk) 01:03, 22 October 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Glaive


text:
Firestarter

Firestarter may refer to:

Fire making

 * Fire making devices, including:
 * Fire drill (tool), a device to start a fire by friction
 * Firelighter, a small solid fuel tablet for kindling a fire
 * Fire striker, a piece of carbon steel from which sparks are struck by a suitable rock
 * Ferrocerium, a modern alternative inaccurately called "flint"
 * Magnesium alloy fire starter, a device used by hikers
 * Fire piston, a.k.a. slam rod fire starter
 * Charcoal starting devices or substances:
 * Chimney starter, a metal tube used with kindling
 * Electric charcoal starter, using a heating element
 * Charcoal lighter fluid, a flammable fluid
 * A person who starts fires:
 * Arsonist, a criminal who deliberately sets fire to property
 * Pyromaniac, a mentally ill person who sets fires
 * Pyrokinetic, a person having the psychic ability to create and control fire

Books

 * Firestarter (novel), a 1980 novel by Stephen King

Film and television

 * Firestarter, a 1984 film based on the novel by Stephen King
 * Firestarter: Rekindled, a 2002 television miniseries sequel to the film
 * Firestarter, a 2022 film remake based on the novel by Stephen King
 * Firestarter – The Story of Bangarra, 2020 Australian documentary film
 * "Firestarter" (FLCL), an episode of FLCL
 * "Firestarter" (Third Watch), an episode of Third Watch

Music

 * "Firestarter" (The Prodigy song) (1996)
 * "Firestarter" (Samantha Jade song) (2013)
 * Firestarter (EP), an EP by Jimmy Eat World
 * Quest for Fire: Firestarter, Vol. 1, an album by Kardinal Offishall
 * "Firestarter", a song from Special Forces (38 Special album)
 * "Fire Starter", a song from Elevation (Black Eyed Peas album)
 * "Fire Starter", a song from Demi Lovato's album, Demi
 * "Firestarter", a song by Ran-d & E-life (2015)

Other

 * Firestarter (firewall), a tool to configure a firewall for Linux
 * Firestarter, a youth empowerment curriculum published by the Freechild Project
 * FireStarter (video game), a video game by GSC Game World

title: Firestarter


text:
Khyentse Norbu

Dzongsar Jamyang Khyentse Rinpoche (, born June 18, 1961), also known as Khyentse Norbu, is a Tibetan/Bhutanese lama, filmmaker, and writer. His five major films are The Cup (1999), Travellers and Magicians (2003), Vara: A Blessing (2013), Hema Hema: Sing Me a Song While I Wait (2017), and Looking for a Lady with Fangs and a Moustache (2019). He is the author of several published books such as What Makes You Not a Buddhist  (2007), Not For Happiness: A Guide to the So-Called Preliminary Practices (2012), The Guru Drinks Bourbon? (2016), Living is Dying (2020), and several non-fiction works on Tibetan Buddhism for free distribution such as Introduction to the Middle Way: Chandrakirti’s Madhyamaka with Commentary (2003) and Buddha Nature: Mahayana-Uttaratantra-Shastra with Commentary (2007). He has also written an autobiography in process entitled Mugwort Born. Many of his teachings are available on the Siddhartha’s Intent YouTube channel.

He is the eldest son of Thinley Norbu, and therefore the grandson of Dudjom Jigdral Yeshe Dorje. Rinpoche has teachers from all four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism and is a follower and champion of the Rimé (non-sectarian) movement. He considers Dilgo Khyentse as his main guru. He is also the primary custodian of the teachings of Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo.

Lineage
Dzongsar Jamyang Khyentse Rinpoche was born in eastern Bhutan in 1961 at a place called Khenpajong. At the age of seven he was recognized, by Sakya Trizin, as the third incarnation of the founder of Khyentse lineage of Tibetan Buddhism.

The first incarnation was Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo (1820–1892), who helped found the Rimé movement alongside Jamgon Kongtrul Lodro Thaye and others, with a non-sectarian approach to Tibetan Buddhism, centred in Dzongsar Monastery in Sichuan. Followers of this non-sectarian movement sought to identify and make use of the best methods from the various long-competing and isolated schools of Tibetan Buddhism. This approach led to a blossoming of scholarship and writing from the 1880s onwards.

The second incarnation was the renowned lama Dzongsar Khyentse Chökyi Lodrö (1893–1959), who figured prominently in the export of Tantric Buddhism to the West as the root-teacher of a generation of influential and forward-thinking lamas.

A biographical portrait of Dzongsar Khyentse Rinpoche exists in documentary feature film form. The film came out in 2003, and is called Words of My Perfect Teacher, after the English rendering of a famed work by Patrul Rinpoche. It is a portrait of the Vajrayana Buddhist student-teacher relationship.

Education
Until the age of twelve, Khyentse Norbu studied at the Palace Monastery of the King of Sikkim. Reflecting the unusual non-sectarian tradition of the Khyentse lineage, he counts as his root-masters teachers from all four main schools of Tibetan Buddhism (cf. Sakya, Gelug, Nyingma, Kagyu). He has studied with several influential contemporary masters, particularly Dilgo Khyentse. After leaving Sikkim he studied at Sakya College in Rajpur, and later attended SOAS, University of London.

From a young age, he has been active in the preservation of the Buddhist teaching, establishing centres of learning, supporting practitioners, publishing books and teaching all over the world. Dzongsar Khyentse Rinpoche supervises his traditional seat of Dzongsar Monastery and its retreat centers in eastern Tibet, as well as his new colleges in India (in Bir and Chauntra (Himachal Pradesh) and Bhutan. He has also established centres in Australia, North America and the Far East.

He established Deer Park Institute as a center for “the study of classical Indian wisdom traditions” in March 2006 under Siddhartha’s Intent Society, India, with the vision to “re-create the spirit of Nalanda, the great university of ancient India in which all traditions of Buddhism were studied and practiced, alongside other schools of classical Indian philosophy, arts and sciences.”

In 1989, Dzongsar Khyentse Rinpoche founded Siddhartha's Intent, an international Buddhist association of non-profit centres, most of which are nationally registered societies and charities, with the principal intention of preserving the Buddhist teachings, as well as increasing an awareness and understanding of the many aspects of the Buddhist teaching beyond the limits of cultures and traditions.

While working with Tibetan refugees in northern India, Khyentse Norbu was struck by the absence of media attention to the abject suffering of thousands of children. In 1993, he founded the secular White Lotus Charitable Trust, dedicated to serving the most neglected and forgotten children through education.

Volunteering his own time and resources to establish the initial infrastructure, Khyentse Norbu inspired others around the world, regardless of spiritual traditions, to help White Lotus become a global volunteer network of like-minded humanists. International followers of his work and his vision founded their own networks the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, Germany, France, Hong Kong and Taiwan with a view to supporting LO programs in India and Cambodia.

In 2002, Lotus Outreach was incorporated as a non-profit 501(c)(3) organization in southern California to create an American center of infrastructure, dedicated to ensuring the education, health and safety of at-risk and exploited women and children in India and Cambodia. Its all-volunteer International board of directors continues to raise funds and increase awareness in their home countries on issues surrounding poverty and exploitation in Asia.

In 2001 Khyentse Foundation was founded by Dzongsar Khyentse. It is a non-profit organization with the stated goal "to act as a system of patronage for institutions and individuals engaged in the practice and study of Buddha's wisdom and compassion." The foundation is self-described as “[w]orking toward a harmonious, joyful, and awakened world by supporting people and projects that preserve and promote Buddha’s wisdom.”

Filmmaking
Khyentse Norbu appeared in and, as a consultant "supervised every ritual and gesture performed by Tibetan monks," in Bernardo Bertolucci's 1993 film Little Buddha.

Khyentse Norbu wrote and directed four award-winning films, The Cup (1999), for which The New York Times called him "a born filmmaker;" Travellers and Magicians (2003), the first feature film to be produced in Bhutan; Vara: A Blessing (2013), and Hema Hema: Sing Me A Song While I Wait (2016).

He appears in the 2009 documentary Tulku, where he discusses Buddhism and his views on the tulku phenomenon.

Vara: The Blessing (2013) opened South Korea's famed Busan International Film Festival. It was the first time that the South Korean festival has not opened with either a local Korean or a Chinese film.

Hema Hema: Sing Me a Song While I Wait, premiered at the Locarno Festival in 2016, and received an honourable mention from the Platform Prize jury at the 2016 Toronto International Film Festival. The movie depicts a mysterious ritual in the forest where all participants are masked, was praised by critics for "its portrayal of complex Buddhist themes like transgression, by juxtaposing them on to modern topics like anonymity on the Internet.''

Looking for a Lady With Fangs and a Moustache (2019), tells the story of a skeptical entrepreneur seeking spiritual advice from an eccentric Buddhist monk who predicts the man's imminent death, unless he can locate an elusive lady with fangs.

His latest film, Pig in the Crossing (2024), follows Dolom, a 29-year-old YouTube creator and new teacher in Bhutan. After a one-night stand with a married woman, Deki, 32, leads to an unexpected pregnancy, Dolom devises a plan to save his reputation. However, a motorcycle accident on his way to meet Deki propels him into a chaotic, otherworldly realm. Realizing he is dead, Dolom, with the help of a mysterious guide, must confront his past and the consequences of his actions. He faces a choice: correct his wrongs and move on, or remain trapped in a timeless, dream-like state.

Selected publications

 * Poison is Medicine (2021)
 * Living Is Dying: How to Prepare for Death, Dying and Beyond (2020)
 * Best Foot Forward: A Pilgrim's Guide to the Sacred Sites of the Buddha (2018)
 * The Guru Drinks Bourbon? (2016)
 * Not for Happiness: A Guide to the So-Called Preliminary Practices (2012)
 * Teachings on Ngöndro
 * What Makes You Not a Buddhist (2008)
 * What to do at India's Buddhist Holy Sites
 * Buddha Nature
 * Introduction to the Middle Way

title: Khyentse Norbu


text: Category:World Heritage Sites in the Democratic Republic of the Congo


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Regional Council (Hong Kong)

The Regional Council (RegCo; ) was a municipal council in Hong Kong responsible for municipal services in the New Territories (excluding New Kowloon). Its services were provided by the Regional Services Department, the executive arm of the Regional Council. Its headquarters were located near Sha Tin station.

History
Technically, only Hong Kong Island, Kowloon, and New Kowloon were within the purview of the Urban Council. But the Urban Services Department, the executive arm of the Urban Council, began servicing the New Territories with its establishment in 1953.

Following public consultation, a Provisional Regional Council was established on 1 April 1985 under the auspices of the colonial Hong Kong Government, to provide for the New Territories what the Urban Council did for Hong Kong Island, New Kowloon and Kowloon. Like the Urban Council, the Regional Council was created in 1986 as an elected body comprising representatives from constituencies and district boards.

In 1986, planning began for the council's headquarters building. Until permanent premises were built, departments of the Regional Council were scattered around various buildings in Tsim Sha Tsui. A site was selected near Sha Tin Town Centre and construction began in April 1989. It was opened on 27 September 1991 by governor David Wilson and Lady Wilson. The building consisted of a low block, housing the council chambers, alongside a 20-storey tower home to the various units of the Regional Services Department. The building was designed by Peter Keeping, a senior architect of the Architectural Services Department, and cost $200 million. The entrance is guarded by two marble lions made in Beijing. Today the building is the headquarters of the Leisure and Cultural Services Department.

Elections to the Regional Council were held since 1986 with first-past-the-post voting. The composition of the Regional Council is as follows:

Function and structure
The Regional Council structure comprised the full Regional Council, functional select committees, district committees, and sub-committees.

Initially, three functional select committees were planned: the Ways and Means Select Committee, the Environmental Hygiene Select Committee, and the Recreation and Culture Select Committee. They were joined by the Liquor Licensing Board at the founding of the council in 1986, and in 1987 the Ways and Means Select Committee was split into two committees: the Capital Works Select Committee and the Finance and Administration Select Committee. From 4 July 1997, the Recreation and Culture Select Committee was separated into the Culture and Arts Select Committee and the Recreation and Sports Committee, forming an eventual six select committees by the time the council was dissolved.

The nine district committees were as follows: Islands; Kwai Chung and Tsing Yi; North District; Sai Kung; Sha Tin; Tai Po; Tsuen Wan; Tuen Mun; and Yuen Long District Committee.

Demise
After the transfer of sovereignty in 1997, the name was once again changed to Provisional Regional Council, consisting of members of the pre-handover RegCo, and new members appointed by the Chief Executive. The council was dissolved on 31 December 1999 together with the Provisional Urban Council under the then-Chief Executive Tung Chee Hwa's plan to streamline and centralise municipal services as part of his government policy reforms. The Regional Council and Urban Council had, since 1998, jointly objected to this plan, putting forward an alternative merger proposal entitled "One Council, One Department", which was not accepted by the government. The final chairman commented:

""Subsequent to [the Council's] establishment, marked improvements had been made to the cultural, recreational, and entertainment services and facilities of the region, and they were highly regarded and cherished by the local community in the New Territories. It is therefore a great pity to see the dissolution of the council in such haste and by such a murky decision based on unconvincing arguments. Although it was clear to all of us that, with experiences acquired from serving the council for more than a decade, we could do more and better for the people of Hong Kong.""

- Lau Wong-fat, Regional Council member from 1986–1999

The functions of the councils were replaced by two newly established government departments, the Food and Environmental Hygiene Department and the Leisure and Cultural Services Department. The former Regional Council Headquarters is now home to the Leisure and Cultural Services Department. The archives of the two municipal councils are held by the Hong Kong Public Libraries, and are available online in digitised form.

Lists of Chairmen

 * Cheung Yan-lung (1986–1995)
 * Lam Wai-keung (1995–1997)
 * Lau Wong-fat (1997–1999)

title: Regional Council (Hong Kong)


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Summary
Selene. Paul Smith, Art

title: File:SELENEx.png


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Dzogchen Ponlop Rinpoche

The 7th Dzogchen Ponlop (Karma Sungrap Ngedön Tenpa Gyaltsen, born 1965) is an abbot of Dzogchen Monastery, founder and spiritual director of Nalandabodhi, founder of Nītārtha Institute for Higher Buddhist Studies, a leading Tibetan Buddhist scholar, and a meditation master. He is one of the highest tülkus in the Nyingma lineage and an accomplished Karma Kagyu lineage holder.

Biography
Dzogchen Ponlop Rinpoche was born in 1965 at Rumtek Monastery (Dharma Chakra Center) in Sikkim, India. His birth was prophesied by the supreme head of the Kagyu lineage, Rangjung Rigpe Dorje, 16th Karmapa, to Ponlop Rinpoche's parents, Dhamchö Yongdu, the General Secretary of the Sixteenth Gyalwang Karmapa, and his wife, Lekshey Drolma. Upon his birth, he was recognized by the 16th Gyalwang Karmapa as the seventh in the line of Dzogchen Ponlop incarnations and was formally enthroned as the Seventh Dzogchen Ponlop at Rumtek Monastery in 1968.

After receiving Buddhist refuge and bodhisattva vows from the 16th Gyalwang Karmapa, Dzogchen Ponlop was ordained as a novice monk in 1974. He subsequently received full ordination and became a bhikṣu, although he later returned his vows and is now a lay teacher.

Rinpoche received teachings and empowerments from the 16th Gyalwang Karmapa, Dilgo Khyentse, Kalu Rinpoche, Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche, Khenchen Thrangu Rinpoche (chief Abbot of the Kagyu lineage), Alak Zenkar Rinpoche, and Khenpo Tsultrim Gyamtso Rinpoche, his root guru.

Rinpoche began studying Buddhist philosophy at the primary school in Rumtek at age 12. In 1979 (when Rinpoche was fourteen), the 16th Karmapa proclaimed Ponlop Rinpoche to be a heart son of the Gyalwang Karmapa and a holder of his Karma Kagyu lineage. In 1980 on his first trip to the West, he accompanied the Sixteenth Gyalwang Karmapa to Europe, United States, Canada, and Southeast Asia. While serving as the Karmapa's attendant, he also gave dharma teachings and assisted in ceremonial roles during these travels.

In 1981, he entered the monastic college at Rumtek, Karma Shri Nalanda Institute for Higher Buddhist Studies where he studied the fields of Buddhist philosophy, psychology, logic, and debate. During his time at Rumtek, Dzogchen Ponlop Rinpoche worked for the Students' Welfare Union, served as head librarian, and was the chief-editor of the Nalandakirti Journal, an annual publication which brings together Eastern and Western views on Buddhism. Rinpoche graduated in 1990 as Ka-rabjampa from Karma Shri Nalanda Institute for Higher Buddhist Studies in Rumtek Monastery. (Ka-rabjampa means "one with unobstructed knowledge of scriptures", the Kagyu equivalent of the Sakya and Gelug's geshe degree.) He simultaneously earned the degree of Acharya, or Master of Buddhist Philosophy, from Sampurnanand Sanskrit University. Dzogchen Ponlop has also completed studies in English and comparative religion at Columbia University in New York City.

Works
As a witty, humorous and sensitive speaker, he is warmly greeted worldwide; as a teacher and prolific author Dzogchen Ponlop Rinpoche is well known for his teaching contributions to Bodhi Magazine, Lion's Roar, Buddhadharma, and elsewhere. He has also penned a number of books and articles:

 * 2003: "Brief Histories of the Sixteen Karmapas". in
 * 2003: "Brief Histories of the Sixteen Karmapas". in
 * 2003: "Brief Histories of the Sixteen Karmapas". in
 * 2003: "Brief Histories of the Sixteen Karmapas". in
 * 2003: "Brief Histories of the Sixteen Karmapas". in
 * 2003: "Brief Histories of the Sixteen Karmapas". in

Nalandabodhi
Dzogchen Ponlop Rinpoche is the founder and spiritual director of Nalandabodhi, an international Buddhist community with centers in multiple countries around the world. Nalandabodhi provides paths of study, meditation, and mindful activity rooted in the Kagyu and Nyingma schools of Vajrayana Buddhism.

Nitartha International
Nitartha International was founded by Dzogchen Ponlop Rinpoche in 1994. It is the parent organization for several different projects devoted to preserving traditional Buddhist texts, arts, and educational systems. Activities under the umbrella of Nitartha International include Nitartha Institute, the Nitartha Translation Network, Nitartha International Publications, Nitartha Tibetan-English Dictionary Tools, the Nitartha Digital Library, and the development of Tibetan language fonts and software.

Nitartha Institute
The Nitartha Institute for Higher Buddhist Studies was founded by Dzogchen Ponlop Rinpoche in 1996 under the guidance of Khenchen Thrangu Rinpoche and Khenpo Tsultrim Gyamtso Rinpoche. Taught by Tibetan and Western teachers, Nitartha courses are modeled on the Tibetan monastic college system (shedra). Nitartha courses are held online and at various locations around the world. In addition, an intensive annual Summer Institute is held in the US Pacific Northwest that also provides deeper training in meditation, and classes in traditional Buddhist arts and healing.

Bodhi Seeds
Bodhi Seeds is a humanitarian organization founded by Dzogchen Ponlop Rinpoche to help with the many needs of monastic and lay communities in the Himalayan regions of India, Nepal, Bhutan, and Tibet. Bodhi Seeds is currently supporting medical clinics in Rumtek, India, and Legon, Tibet.

Dzogchen Ponlop lineage

 * 1) Namkha Ösal ནམ་མཁའ་འོད་གསལ། (?–1726)
 * 2) Pema Sangngak Tenzin པདྨ་གསང་སྔགས་བསྟན་འཛིན། (1731–1805)
 * 3) Namkha Chökyi Gyatso ནམ་མཁའ་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱ་མཚོ། (1806–1821?)
 * 4) Jigme Chöying Ösel འཇིགས་མེད་ཆོས་དབྱིངས་འོད་གསལ། (?)
 * 5) Kunchok Tenpe Nyima དཀོན་མཆོག་བསྟན་པའི་ཉི་མ། (?)
 * 6) Jigtral Tsewang Dorje འཇིགས་བྲལ་ཚེ་དབང་རྡོ་རྗེ། (1925–62)
 * 7) Karma Sungrap Ngedön Tenpa Gyaltsen ཀརྨ་གསུང་རབ་ངེས་དོན་བསྟན་པའི་རྒྱལ་མཚན། (1965–present)

title: Dzogchen Ponlop Rinpoche


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Missouri First Steps

Missouri First Steps is a program offered by the Missouri Department of Elementary and Secondary Education (DESE) that offers coordinated services and assistance to children from birth to age 3 who have delayed development or diagnosed conditions that are associated with developmental disabilities.

First Steps started in 1989, under the requirements of the federal Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). It was generally a non-controversial program, popular with recipient families who sought any help they could get to make sure their children could develop their own potential as much as possible.

In early 2005, Governor Matt Blunt proposed eliminating the program in an attempt to cut spending on social services and health care, and balance the state budget. The proposal was widely disliked, by parents and service providers across the state and from all political perspectives. Later, the governor backtracked on his proposal, instead recommending changes to the operation of the program and higher co-pays for services for parents with relatively high incomes.

title: Missouri First Steps


text: Category:National parks of the Democratic Republic of the Congo


text:
User:Stevenzcutie69

'''Cutie is my nickname. I'm in college. Yeah go figure, the big college of the University of Tennessee. I'm majoring in business, not sure what area of business yet. But hey I'm working on it!'''

title: User:Stevenzcutie69


text: Category:World Heritage Sites in Yemen

title: Category:World Heritage Sites in Yemen


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Houghton Mill

Houghton Mill is a water mill located on the Great Ouse in the village of Houghton, Cambridgeshire, England. It is a National Trust property and a Grade II* listed building.

History
Mills have been recorded here since 974. The mill was owned by the nearby Ramsey Abbey from its foundation. The abbey's tenants were under an obligation to have their wheat ground in the mill and part of the flour was withheld as payment by the miller. When in 1500 the Abbot diverted the river water in order to supply the mill with sufficient power, the neighbouring village was flooded. The villagers rose up in protest, and fifteen years later they were granted permission to change the course of the water in case of an emergency.

At the Dissolution of the Monasteries, ownership of the mill reverted to the Crown. The present mill replaces one burnt down in the 17th century.

The best-known miller was the nonconformist Potto Brown  (1797–1871), a wealthy man who was so pious that he carried his ledgers to family prayer meetings in order to discuss with his Maker debts owed him. After his death, a bronze bust of him was erected in Houghton.

The present building
Although there has been a mill on this site for most of Houghton's history, the original mill site (certainly in the time of the Domesday book) was approximately 0.4 miles along the river towards Huntingdon. The original mill pond is still there but now appears to be a natural backwater.

The present building was probably built in the 17th century, and extended in the 19th century. It consists of three storeys and attics. the building is part brick, part timber-framed and weather-boarded.

In the 1930s, the mill was decommissioned. Local residents bought the building and it was given to the National Trust. From 1935 to 1983, the mill was in use as a youth hostel, and was one of the few YHA establishments where smoking was forbidden because of fire hazard.

In 1999, the National Trust put in new millstones. Flour is still being milled, and the building is now a tourist attraction, with a camping site nearby.

title: Houghton Mill


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Duration calculus

Duration calculus (DC) is an interval logic for real-time systems. It was originally developed by Zhou Chaochen with the help of Anders P. Ravn and C. A. R. Hoare on the European ESPRIT Basic Research Action (BRA) ProCoS project on Provably Correct Systems.

Duration calculus is mainly useful at the requirements level of the software development process for real-time systems. Some tools are available (e.g., DCVALID, IDLVALID, etc.). Subsets of duration calculus have been studied (e.g., using discrete time rather than continuous time). Duration calculus is especially espoused by UNU-IIST in Macau and the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research in Mumbai, which are major centres of excellence for the approach.

title: Duration calculus


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El Sauzal

El Sauzal is a town and a municipality in the northeastern part of the island of Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain. It is located on the north coast, 12 km west of San Cristóbal de La Laguna, 13 km northeast of La Orotava and 18 km west of the island's capital, Santa Cruz de Tenerife. The TF-5 motorway passes through the municipality. The population is 9,076 (2013) and the area is 18.31 km2.

People

 * Mary of Jesus de León y Delgado (23 March 1643 – 15 February 1731), nun and mystic, whose body remains incorrupt.
 * Paulino Rivero Baute (1952 –), politician and president of the Government of Canary Islands in the 2007-2010 and 2011-2015 legislatures.

title: El Sauzal


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Alfred Cellier

Alfred Cellier (1 December 1844 – 28 December 1891) was an English composer, orchestrator and conductor.

In addition to conducting and music directing the original productions of several of the most famous Gilbert and Sullivan works and writing the overtures to some of them, Cellier conducted at many theatres in London, New York and on tour in Britain, America and Australia. He composed over a dozen operas and other works for the theatre, as well as for orchestra, but his 1886 comic opera, Dorothy, was by far his most successful work. It became the longest-running piece of musical theatre in the nineteenth century.

Biography
Cellier was born in South Hackney, London, the second child and eldest son of Arsène Cellier, a language teacher from France, and his wife Mary Ann Peterine, formerly Peacock, née Thomsett. He was educated at the grammar school in Hackney. From 1855 to 1860, he was a chorister at the Chapel Royal, St. James's, under the Rev. Thomas Helmore, where Arthur Sullivan was one of his schoolmates. Cellier later married Harriet Emily. Cellier's brother, François, also became a conductor.

Early career
Cellier's first appointments were as organist at All Saints' Church, Blackheath and as conductor of the Belfast Philharmonic Society (both in 1862). In 1866 he succeeded Dr. Chipp as organist and director of the Ulster Hall concerts, Belfast, at the same time acting as conductor of the Belfast Philharmonic Society. In 1868 he returned to London as organist of St Alban's Church, Holborn. In January 1871, Cellier became the first conductor and music director at the Royal Court Theatre in London. From 1871 to 1875 he was conductor and musical director at the Prince's Theatre in Manchester.

During this period he composed many comic operas and operettas, the first of which was Charity Begins at Home (1872 at the Gallery of Illustration), with the librettist B. C. Stephenson. The piece was a success and played more than 200 times. A reviewer in the London and Provincial Entr'Acte wrote that the music "is unexpectedly apropos and pretty ... and we have no hesitation in saying that Mr. Alfred Cellier's melodies will live even after the long life [of the production] shall have come to an end." He achieved a favourable outcome with The Sultan of Mocha, produced at Prince's Theatre, Manchester, in 1874 and revived in London in 1876 and 1887 (with a new libretto) and in New York in 1880, among others. Most of his early works for the theatre, including Dora's Dream (1873), Topsyturveydom (1874, with a libretto by W. S. Gilbert), The Tower of London (1875, Manchester), Nell Gwynne (1876), Two Foster Brothers (1877, St. George's Hall, with a libretto by Gilbert Arthur à Beckett), and Bella Donna (1878), had only modest success. Cellier also wrote numerous separate songs and composed for orchestra (including his Suite Symphonique (1978)) and the piano; his Danse pompadour achieved particular popularity.

D'Oyly Carte years
In December 1877 Cellier joined the D'Oyly Carte company as musical director at the Opera Comique in London. There he conducted The Sorcerer (1877), H.M.S. Pinafore (1878, for which he wrote the overture, based on themes from the opera), Trial by Jury (1878), George Grossmith's Cups and Saucers (1878–79), and three of his own one-act works: Dora's Dream (1877–78 revival), The Spectre Knight (1878), and After All! (1878–79). Cellier was conducting the performance of Pinafore during which the partners of The Comedy Opera Company attempted to repossess the set, and he was noted for his attempts to calm the audience during the fracas. His brother, François, succeeded him as musical director at the Opera Comique in 1879. Alfred Cellier was a conductor of a series of promenade concerts at the Queen's Theatre, Long Acre and, in 1878–1879 he was joint conductor, with Sullivan, of the Covent Garden Promenade Concerts.

In 1879, he travelled with Gilbert, Sullivan, and Carte to America, where he acted as conductor for Pinafore and The Pirates of Penzance, with Carte's first American touring company. Cellier prepared the overture to Pirates using Sullivan's music from the rest of the score. Back in London in July 1880, he directed the music at the Opera Comique for Pirates and another of his own pieces with Desprez, In the Sulks. In April 1881, he left the D'Oyly Carte company, ceding the baton to his brother. Cellier composed a three-act grand opera, Pandora, a version of Longfellow's The Masque of Pandora (with a libretto by B. C. Stephenson) that was presented in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1881. Reviews of the premiere were mixed, praising the "gracefulness" of the music, but finding the opera lacking in dramatic intensity; it closed after two weeks. Cellier remained in America to conduct the Comly-Barton Opera Company on tour in the American West. Later that year he was music director of D'Oyly Carte's New York and touring productions of Billee Taylor (1882), Les Manteaux Noirs and Rip Van Winkle (both in the fall of 1882), and Iolanthe (1882–83), for the latter of which he prepared the New York overture.

In 1883, Cellier's setting of Gray's Elegy, in the form of a cantata, was produced at the Leeds music festival. In 1883, Cellier left the D'Oyly Carte company, but he was back for brief periods as music director with D'Oyly Carte's touring companies for Princess Ida (1884) and The Mikado (1885). In 1885, also, Cellier composed incidental music for a production of As You Like It. He composed two more companion pieces that had Savoy Theatre premieres, both with libretti by Desprez: The Carp (performed with The Mikado and Ruddigore in 1886–87), and Mrs. Jarramie's Genie (composed together with his brother François, which played together with several different operas at the Savoy between 1887 and 1889.

While in London, Cellier conducted at several London theatres, including the Criterion, the St James's, and the Savoy. Later, as a result of ill health, he resided mostly in America, where he was at times a representative for the D'Oyly Carte company, and Australia, where he conducted for the J. C. Williamson organization.

Dorothy and later pieces
In 1885, Cellier composed a song, "There once was a time, my darling", for a piece produced by George Edwardes, Little Jack Sheppard (1885). Meanwhile he had composed what would become his greatest success, the comic opera Dorothy, with a libretto by B. C. Stephenson. To create the score, Cellier repurposed some of his music from his 1876 failure, Nell Gwynne, which had, nevertheless, received praise for its music. Dorothy had been announced for production at the Royalty Theatre in 1884, but ultimately Edwardes mounted it at his Gaiety Theatre on 25 September 1886. Cellier was in Australia from February 1886 to February 1887, conducting The Mikado and other Gilbert and Sullivan operas for J. C. Williamson and was absent from London during the productions of The Carp, at the Savoy, and Dorothy. Neither the music nor the libretto of Dorothy initially attracted critical praise. The Times wrote, "Gentility reigns supreme, and with it unfortunately also a good deal of the refined feebleness and the ineptitude which are the defects of that quality." Stephenson rewrote the lyrics of one of Cellier's old songs, "Old Dreams" as "Queen of My Heart"; this helped the work to find success after it transferred in December to the Prince of Wales Theatre. The following year H. J. Leslie took over the production from Edwardes and introduced new stars, including Marie Tempest and Ben Davies, who made Dorothy an even greater success at the box office. It transferred in December 1888 to the Lyric Theatre, built using the profits from the production, where it ran into 1889. Its initial run of a total of 931 performances was the longest of any piece of musical theatre up to that time, considerably longer than even The Mikado, a fact that caused consternation to Cellier's friend Arthur Sullivan. Some critics reconsidered their earlier condemnation, the work became regarded as a classic Victorian piece, and the initially despised plot was traced seriously back to the Restoration playwrights David Garrick and Aphra Behn, and to Oliver Goldsmith and even Shakespeare. Its success led to revivals of some of Cellier's earlier works.

Cellier returned to Australia in 1888 to conduct Dorothy and a revival of his earlier work, Charity Begins at Home, and made a final brief visit there for health reasons in early 1891, together with Stephenson. His last comic operas, Doris (1889, with Stephenson) and The Mountebanks (with Gilbert, produced in January 1892, a few days after the composer's death), were both modestly successful. Also after Cellier's death, Rutland Barrington used some of his music in his 1902 adaptation of Water Babies. Often in ill health throughout his life, Cellier was unable to finish The Mountebanks, and Ivan Caryll completed the score. A reviewer of the 2018 recording of The Mountebanks commented: "There is a free-flowing style to Cellier’s compositions, with fine lyrical detail and sumptuous orchestration with which he provides a wide variety of musical effects."

Cellier owed much to the influence of Sullivan. He was a fertile melodist, and his writing exhibited elegance and refinement, although he was not able to infuse his music with humour in the way that Sullivan did.

Cellier died at his home in Bloomsbury, London, at the age of 47. He was buried in West Norwood Cemetery.

Operatic

 * Source: Grove.

Incidental music

 * Les Manteaux noirs, 1882
 * Little Jack Sheppard, 1885
 * The Water Babies, 1902 (Cellier's music posthumously adapted)
 * Source: Grove.

Other works

 * Gray's Elegy, cantata for four solo voices and orchestra, Leeds Festival, 1883
 * Suite symphonique for orchestra, Brighton Festival, 1878
 * Barcarolle for flute and piano
 * Songs.
 * Source: Grove.

title: Alfred Cellier


text: Category:World Heritage Sites in Syria

title: Category:World Heritage Sites in Syria


text:
Securinega

Securinega is a genus of plants in the family Phyllanthaceae, first described as a genus in 1789. As presently conceived, the genus is native to Madagascar and the Mascarene Islands in the Indian Ocean. In the past, it was considered to be much more widespread, thus explaining the long list of species formerly included. It is dioecious, with male and female flowers on separate plants.

 * Species
 * 1) Securinega antsingyensis Leandri - W Madagascar
 * 2) Securinega capuronii Leandri - W Madagascar
 * 3) Securinega durissima J.F.Gmel. - Madagascar, Mauritius, Réunion, Rodrigues Island
 * 4) Securinega perrieri Leandri - W Madagascar
 * 5) Securinega seyrigii Leandri - W Madagascar

moved to other genera (Actephila Andrachne Chascotheca Cleistanthus Flueggea Jablonskia Margaritaria Meineckia Neoroepera Savia Tetracoccus ) • # S. abeggii - Andrachne brittonii
 * Formerly included

• # S. abyssinica - Flueggea virosa

• # S. acicularis - Flueggea acicularis

• # S. acidothamnus - Flueggea acidoton

• # S. acidoton - Flueggea acidoton

• # S. acuminatissima - Flueggea flexuosa

• # S. bailloniana - Margaritaria discoidea var. triplosphaera

• # S. buxifolia - Flueggea tinctoria

• # S. capensis - Tetracoccus capensis

• # S. congesta - Jablonskia congesta

• # S. elliptica - Flueggea elliptica

• # S. fasciculata - Tetracoccus fasciculatus

• # S. flexuosa - Flueggea flexuosa

• # S. fluggeoides - Flueggea suffruticosa

• # S. grisea - Flueggea virosa

• # S. guaraiuva - Savia dictyocarpa

• # S. hallii - Tetracoccus fasciculatus var. hallii

• # S. hilariana - Meineckia neogranatensis subsp. hilariana

• # S. hysterantha - Margaritaria anomala

• # S. japonica - Flueggea suffruticosa

• # S. keyensis - Flueggea virosa subsp. melanthesoides

• # S. leucopyrus (Willd.) Müll.Arg. 1866 - Flueggea leucopyrus

• # S. leucopyrus Brandis 1874  - Flueggea virosa

• # S. melanthesoides - Flueggea virosa

• # S. melanthesoides var. aridicola - Flueggea virosa subsp. melanthesoides

• # S. microcarpa - Flueggea virosa

• # S. muelleriana - Neoroepera buxifolia

• # S. multiflora - Flueggea suffruticosa

• # S. neopeltandra - Chascotheca neopeltandra

• # S. nitida W.T.Aiton 1813 not Willd. 1806 - Actephila lindleyi

• # S. obovata - Flueggea virosa

• # S. phyllanthoides - Meineckia phyllanthoides

• # S. ramiflora - Flueggea suffruticosa

• # S. samoana - Flueggea flexuosa

• # S. schlechteri - Cleistanthus schlechteri

• # S. schuechiana - Flueggea schuechiana

• # S. schweinfurthii - Andrachne schweinfurthii

• # S. spirei - Flueggea spirei

• # S. suffruticosa - Flueggea suffruticosa

• # S. tinctoria - Flueggea tinctoria

• # S. trichogynis - Meineckia trichogynis

• # S. verrucosa - Flueggea verrucosa

• # S. virgata - Flueggea tinctoria

• # S. virosa - Flueggea virosa

• # S. virosa var. australiana - Flueggea virosa subsp. melanthesoides

title: Securinega


text:
Fibbin'

"Fibbin'" is a popular song, with music by Michael Merlo and words by Patrick Welch, written in 1958.

In the United States, the most popular version was a recording by Patti Page (Mercury Records catalog number 71355) that was made in 1958, entering the Billboard chart on September 28, 1958, lasting nine weeks, and reaching number 39 on the chart.

Cover versions

 * In the United Kingdom, Petula Clark recorded the song, in 1959.

title: Fibbin'


text:
Talk:Evening Standard Pub of the Year

Definitive List
I am unable to find a definitive list of Pubs of the Year on the Internet. The names in the article are my efforts from Googling! There seems to be some discrepencies, so feel free to change if you find any concrete information --Jamesedmo 14:59, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

Who won in 2000?
I've had an email saying The Cow Saloon Bar and Dining Rooms was the winner in 2000, not The Builder's Arms. Winedine.co.uk suggests The Builder's Arms was in the top 5, not the winner. I can't find any source to support The Cow Saloon Bar winning it but the person who wrote to me says the Cow Saloon is his pub and they have the plaque on the wall to prove it. Not exactly a citable source, but I've added that pub to the listing on this basis. This page really needs some references. Angela. 13:37, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Evening Standard Pub of the Year


text:
Prince Floris of Orange-Nassau, van Vollenhoven

Prince Floris Frederik Martijn of Orange-Nassau, van Vollenhoven (born 10 April 1975) is the fourth and youngest son of Princess Margriet of the Netherlands and Pieter van Vollenhoven.

Prince Floris has three older brothers: Prince Maurits, Prince Bernhard, Prince Pieter-Christiaan

Marriage and children
Prince Floris announced his engagement to Aimée Söhngen, the daughter of Hans Söhngen and Eleonoor Stammeijer, on 25 February 2005. The couple were married in a civil ceremony at the Stadhuis in Naarden on 20 October 2005 and in a religious ceremony on 22 October at the Grote Kerk in Naarden. Prince Floris had been 10th in the line of succession to the Dutch throne but decided not to seek parliamentary approval for his marriage, as would be required in the Netherlands. This means that Prince Floris ceased to be in line to inherit the throne when he married.

Prince Floris and Princess Aimée's first child, Magali Margriet Eleonoor van Vollenhoven, was born at VU University Medical Center in Amsterdam on 9 October 2007. She is named for Aimée's sister, Magali Söhngen, and her mother Eleonoor, as well as Princess Margriet. Their second child, Eliane Sophia Carolina van Vollenhoven was born at VU University Medical Center in Amsterdam on 5 July 2009. Their third child, a son named Willem Jan Johannes Pieter Floris, was born at HMC Bronovo in The Hague on 1 July 2013.

Working life
Floris van Oranje is currently working as a partner at a Dutch investment fund named Strong root capital. He runs the fund together with Jan-Jaap van Donselaar and Patrick Zanders. In 2014 he joined Gimv (Belgian listed PE firm) as head of the Dutch office. Before joining Gimv, he worked at KPMG Corporate Finance where he focused on the oil and gas sector. Previously, he was sectorhead at Deutsche Bank and Relationship Banker in the Telecom, Media and Technology sector at ABN Amro Corporate Clients. In both functions he assisted several (family) businesses. Floris has a master of Dutch Law from the Leiden University, in both business and criminal law. After he graduated, he worked for the Public Prosecution for five years.


text:
User talk:PSnP

File source problem with File:GMB.JPG
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I took the photo myself. But that's ok. There are nicer photos of the GMB now.PSnP (talk) 14:16, 11 November 2014 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:03, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:PSnP


text: User talk:85.64.137.232

title: User talk:85.64.137.232


text:
Blood shift

Blood shift has at least two separate meanings:

 * In medicine, it is synonymous with left shift
 * In diving physiology, it is part of the diving reflex

title: Blood shift