text:
George L. Sheldon

George Lawson Sheldon (May 31, 1870 – April 4, 1960) was an American politician and 14th governor of Nebraska with service from 1907 until 1909. He was the first native of his state to become its governor. He was a Republican from the progressive wing of that party, which was identified nationally with Theodore Roosevelt of New York.

Early life
Born in Nehawka in Cass County in southeastern Nebraska, Sheldon received a bachelor's degree in 1892 from the University of Nebraska–Lincoln. As a cadet at Nebraska he commanded Company A of the university's Military Department headed by Lieutenant John J. Pershing. He led Company A to win the Maiden Prize of $1,500 at the National Competitive Drills in Omaha on June 13, 1892. Sheldon was also a founding member of the Varsity Rifles, which became Pershing Rifles. He then attended Harvard University for one year, receiving a second bachelor's degree cum laude in 1893. He married Rose Higgins in 1895, and they had four children.

Career
During the Spanish–American War, Sheldon served as a captain in the 3rd Nebraska Volunteer Infantry, commanded by Colonel William Jennings Bryan of Nebraska, who had just lost to William McKinley of Ohio in the race for president two years before. En route to Cuba, the regiment traveled through Mississippi, and Sheldon liked what he saw there.

After the war, Sheldon returned to Nebraska. In 1902, he purchased a plantation of 1,700 acres near Greenville, Mississippi. That same year, at the age of 32, he successfully ran for state senate in Nebraska, and was re-elected in 1904.

The railroads had been central to the creation of Nebraska territory through the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854, but public perception among white Nebraskans had changed. When the Union Pacific and Burlington railroads were "opening up" the land to settlement (and the dispossession of the Native American inhabitants), towns were eager to court the railroads. However, anger at apparent railroad domination of Nebraska politics had been growing for decades.

On June 16, 1906, Sheldon and fellow progressive Norris Brown, who was then attorney general, announced that they were seeking the Republican nominations for governor and U.S. Senator, respectively. Sheldon was on record as favoring regulation of the railroads, having said, "You can trust the representatives of the people to deal fairly with the railroads, but you cannot trust the railroads to deal fairly with the people."

Sheldon defeated the Democratic nominee, Ashton C. Shallenberger, who was viewed as "being under railroad influence," 97,858 (53.5 percent) to 84,885 (46.5 percent). Sheldon became the first Nebraska governor born in the state and one of its youngest ever.

With huge majorities in both chambers of the legislature (Nebraska's legislature would not become unicameral for another twenty years), Sheldon moved quickly to redeem his campaign promises. Accordingly, the 1907 legislative session has been characterized by historians James C. Olson and Ronald C. Naugle as creating "more important and more permanent changes in the political structure of the state than those of any other." These included prohibitions on the free train passes that railroads had previously distributed generously to influence politicians, a restriction on train passenger fares to no more than two cents, and the establishment of a state railway commission. That year Sheldon also signed a child labor law, an anti-discrimination law, a law forbidding brewers from owning any part of a saloon, and legislation creating a state board of pardons and a bureau charged with investigating agricultural pests and plant diseases.

The 1907 legislature also enacted a statewide direct primary law, but that would continue to be a hot political issue for many years and be frequently revised.

Sheldon ran into two political hurdles to his re-election. First, bank deposits had seemed especially at risk during the financial panic of 1907, when many banks failed. However, although Sheldon personally favored a state law guaranteeing bank deposits similar to the one in Oklahoma territory, the Republican convention overwhelmingly voted it down. Second, he fought hard for an option for individual counties to prohibit liquor, losing many "wet" votes that he might otherwise have picked up.

Ashton Shallenberger secured the Democratic nomination and campaigned hard for a state bank guarantee law. He skillfully allowed "dries" to think he was for prohibition and "wets" to think he was against it. Shallenberger decisively beat Sheldon, 132,960 to 125,976, and the Democrats gained majority control of both houses of the legislature.

Mississippi
After his defeat, Sheldon moved to his plantation in Mississippi, and became active in state politics there.

He was elected to the Mississippi House of Representatives. While Sheldon was publicly a staunch Republican, he was elected in the 1918 Democratic primary. He registered as a Republican while in the Mississippi House of Representatives. He retired after a single term due to financial conditions on his plantation. In 1927, he organized the moribund state Republican Party. After the election, Herbert Hoover appointed Sheldon the Mississippi state head of the Internal Revenue Service. He ran unsuccessfully for governor in 1947, having polled only 2.5 percent of the ballots cast.

Death
Sheldon died in Greenville, Mississippi, on April 4, 1960. He is interred at Greenville Cemetery.

title: George L. Sheldon


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Rocketboard

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. - Mailer Diablo 05:30, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

Rocketboard
Take it from an old homemade-explosive expert, this is a load of hoo-ha. Potassium nitrate plus sugar gives an impressive pile of smoke but not serious thrust. The "physics" comments about diameter of truck wheels vs. terminal velocity are sheerly comedic in their seriousness. This is flat out foolish. Denni ☯ 02:37, 2005 August 22 (UTC)
 * Delete; neologism | Celcius 02:50, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete; Seems like a vanity page for "Joseph Kaile" if you look at the External Links — Linnwood 05:35, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete I have no problem with the concept of rocket powered skateboards as such, but this is just silly. --Apyule 05:48, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Absurd. Spaltavian 06:00, August 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, advertising. Same website mentioned twice in the same section. Also for reasons as pointed out by Denni. - Mgm|(talk) 08:40, August 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment page appears to have been created by a new user who hasn't as yet received a welcome message, can we check this when thinking of VfD and greet the user, explain what the issue is and see if they are co-operative, please. I'm going to greet the user and point them here. Alf 10:40, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Transwiki - to somewhere. Way too much entertainment value to offhandedly delete! -PlainSight 02:58, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Transportation-related deletions.  -- Visviva 12:16, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ben Tuthill

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. - Mailer Diablo 05:30, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

Ben Tuthill
Delete Non-notable? Google search turns up nothing PhilipO 02:37, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete hoax. Dottore So 02:50, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete NN/Hoax --Camw 03:24, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. -- DS1953 04:51, August 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete; per nominator — Linnwood 05:29, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, If he indeed operates the blog under the name of "Jack of Hearts" it would mean he's real and not a hoax, but if Google turns up nothing on his real name, he's not a notable author. - Mgm|(talk) 08:38, August 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User talk:Acer

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:08, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:33, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Quantum systems

The article Quantum systems has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Fails WP:NCORP, sources fail WP:CORPDEPTH as mostly press releases"

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. shoy (reactions) 18:15, 27 October 2017 (UTC)

 * Hi shoy - You're templating the wrong guy I'm afraid. I created this page over a year ago as a redirect and have no relation to its current content, which was all added yesterday by Skyscrab, who is evidently the one you should've notified. In any case, if the current content is not acceptable, the article should be reverted back into a redirect, not deleted. Acer (talk) 11:48, 28 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Twinkle automatically notifies the original article creator. I'll make sure to notify Skyscrab. Thanks, shoy (reactions) 12:43, 30 October 2017 (UTC)

Ar-15 listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has asked for a discussion to address the redirect Ar-15. Since you had some involvement with the Ar-15 redirect, you might want to participate in the redirect discussion if you have not already done so. Steel1943 (talk) 22:04, 24 February 2018 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Dicellopyge

The article Dicellopyge has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "This article is a one-sentence stub, with one source, that is an orphan and whose notability is in doubt. It has not been edited in over a year."

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Proposed deletion of NaFIRS

The article NaFIRS has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "The coverage (references, external links, etc.) does not seem sufficient to justify this article passing General notability guideline and the more detailed Notability (software) requirement. If you disagree and deprod this, please explain how it meets them on the talk page here in the form of 'This article meets criteria A and B because...' and ping me back through WP:ECHO or by leaving a note at User talk:Piotrus. Thank you."

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 10:21, 22 October 2018 (UTC)

Pseudocoremia berylia listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has asked for a discussion to address the redirect Pseudocoremia berylia. Since you had some involvement with the Pseudocoremia berylia redirect, you might want to participate in the redirect discussion if you have not already done so. SchreiberBike | ⌨  03:19, 8 February 2019 (UTC)
 * I'm doing the same for:

and
 * Pseudocoremia campbelli
 * Pseudocoremia colpogramma
 * Pseudocoremia fascialata
 * Pseudocoremia flava
 * Pseudocoremia insignita
 * Pseudocoremia lactiflua
 * Pseudocoremia lupinata
 * Pseudocoremia modica
 * Pseudocoremia monacha
 * Pseudocoremia ombrodes
 * Pseudocoremia productata
 * Pseudocoremia terrena
 * Pseudocoremia rudisata ampla
 * Pseudocoremia rudisata rudisata

 * Thanks, SchreiberBike | ⌨   03:54, 8 February 2019 (UTC)

Nomination of NaFIRS for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article NaFIRS is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/NaFIRS until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 11:09, 10 May 2019 (UTC)

"Rose Tyler (Doctor Who Charecter)" listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has asked for a discussion to address the redirect Rose Tyler (Doctor Who Charecter). Since you had some involvement with the Rose Tyler (Doctor Who Charecter) redirect, you might want to participate in the redirect discussion if you wish to do so. 1234qwer1234qwer4 (talk) 13:06, 5 April 2020 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Visit to the nursery

A tag has been placed on Visit to the nursery requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section R2 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because it is a redirect from the article namespace to a different namespace except the Category, Template, Wikipedia, Help, or Portal namespaces.

If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. DannyS712 (talk) 09:24, 21 June 2020 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Mobile Defense

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''' This bot DID NOT nominate any of your contributions for deletion; please refer to the history of each individual page for details. ''' Thanks, FastilyBot (talk) 10:01, 15 March 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Acer


text:
Buninyong

Buninyong is a town 11 km from Ballarat in Victoria, Australia. The town is on the Midland Highway, south of Ballarat on the road to Geelong.

Buninyong was proclaimed a town on 27 June 1851 on the same day as Winchelsea, Portarlington, Longwood, Avenel, Cavendish, Euroa and Gisborne. All were preceded by Benalla and Wangaratta that were proclaimed on 7 and 11 April 1849 respectively.

Gold was reported "within a mile or two of the township of Buninyong" on 12 August 1851. Gold had been reported earlier at Clunes on 25 July 1851, The major gold rush to the Ballarat region had begun.

The population at the was 3,797.

The name originates from an Aboriginal word also recorded as 'Buninyouang', said to mean 'man lying on his back with his knees raised', which is in reference to the shape of Mount Buninyong. European settlers named it Bunnenyong and the name later simplified to its current form.

History
Buninyong has an important place in history as one of the principal inland communities of pre-gold rush Victoria. It was explored in January 1838 by a party including Thomas and Somerville Learmonth, and then occupied by the Learmonths in February 1838 as a sheep station.

A Post Office opened on 1 January 1845 to serve the needs of the settlers and was known as Bunnenyong until 1859.

Although gold was being found in the area from about 1840 the 'official' finding of gold was when it was found 3 kilometres west of the town in 1851 by Thomas Hiscock, the local Buninyong blacksmith, at an area still known as Hiscock's. Evidence is slowly emerging that the early pastoralists were finding gold, but not making their good fortune known because of the fear the Colonial Government would confiscate their finds because the whole area was Crown Land. By 1871 there were 2281 people and 20 hotels at Buninyong.

A significant figure in Buninyong's gold rush era was Henry Joseph Desoza. Desoza was a wealthy philanthropist who made his fortune by both speculation and the leasing of both land and machinery to gold mining companies. One such enterprise was named the Desoza Freehold, from which Desoza received royalties. Desoza himself never held shares in The Desoza Freehold or any other mine he helped finance relying instead on the royalty system. In a peculiar ceremony in 1883 he was crowned with a circlet of gold mined from The Desoza Freehold. Thereafter Desoza was known as The Gold King of Buninyong. The Gold King title was celebrated in the township with a Gold King Festival held in February each year from 1975 to 2009.

The town's wide streets were planned in expectation of further growth, however prosperity ended with the gold rush and the town reverted to a small pastoral settlement.

A railway from Ballarat was opened in 1889 with the passenger station completed in 1890, although it is no longer used. The line ran from the Ballarat station stopping at Ballarat East Station, Eureka Station, Levy Siding, Canadian Station, Mount Clear Station, Reid Siding, Mt Helen Siding terminating at the Buninyong Station. Popularly named 'The Bunny' the line ceased to carry passengers in the late 1930s, and freight in 1947 when the line was closed.

Buninyong's landmarks include Mount Buninyong (volcanic mountain), gardens and the many historic buildings, including the Town Hall, Crown Hotel, Holy Trinity Church among others.

The Buninyong Botanic Gardens at Buninyong are among the oldest Botanic Gardens in the State of Victoria.

Today
There are several grand "boom style" homes in and around the town.

The town has an Australian Rules football team competing in the Central Highlands Football League.

Golfers play at the Buninyong Golf Club on Learmonth Street.

Buninyong Bowling Club is one of the oldest bowling clubs in Australia (est. 1872) and is located in the beautiful township of Buninyong, which lies at the foot of Mt Buninyong, 11k south of Ballarat in Victoria. Address 708 Inglis St, Buninyong VIC 3357

Buninyong has hosted segments of the Australian National Road Race Championships for cycling, held in January each year, since 2007.

Notable residents

 * John Alexander Gunn (1860 - 1910), Australian pioneer scientist and politician.
 * Emmeline Pye (1861-1949), educationalist, teacher and lecturer, was born here.

title: Buninyong


text: User talk:63.19.135.2

title: User talk:63.19.135.2


text: User talk:210.15.208.38

title: User talk:210.15.208.38


text:
Tamaraikulam

Tamaraikulam is a village in India near Kanyakumari. On the advent of Ayyavazhi and the Swamithoppepathi, the administrative unit was divided and part of it north to Swamithope is called North Tamaraikulam and south as South Tamaraikulam.

Thamaraiyur is the alternative name given for the village and the source for Ayyavazhi mythology.

title: Tamaraikulam


text:
Netzarim

Netzarim (נְצָרִים) was an Israeli settlement in the Gaza Strip about 5 kilometers southwest of Gaza City. It was established in 1972. In August 2005, the inhabitants of Netzarim were evicted by the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) as part of Israel's unilateral disengagement plan.

History
It began as a secular Nahal (Young Pioneer) outpost of the Hashomer Hatzair movement; in 1984 it became an orthodox kibbutz. A few years later, the residents decided to change from a kibbutz to a village. It was often referred to in the media as a stronghold for Religious Zionism. Its activities included a mango plantation and vineyard, hothouse cultivated yams and cherry tomatoes, and a prestigious etrog plantation.

The settlement had day care centers, kindergartens, a primary school, a kollel, a Yeshiva, and the Jews of Gaza Heritage Institute, which documented Jewish settlement in Gaza over the generations. The development of educational institutions independent from the Gush Katif bloc was due to its isolated location and intensifying Palestinian attacks on traffic using the only route in during the al-Aqsa Intifada. During the last several years of its existence, transportation to and from Netzarim was permitted only with armed military escorts.

Eviction
The residents of Netzarim were the last Israelis to be evicted on August 22, 2005, by the IDF during Israel's unilateral disengagement plan from the Gaza Strip ordered by the government of Ariel Sharon. Their eviction marked the end of the Israeli presence in the Gaza Strip since the end of the 1967 Six-Day War. The strong religiosity of its residents was exhibited by seedlings being planted in the greenhouses, cement being laid for a new home that very morning, and a large prayer session in the main synagogue that was later destroyed by Palestinians, after the Israeli army abandoned the village on in September 2005.

After the eviction, the residents, who had prided themselves in not cooperating with any government agency involved in the eviction, were welcomed in the dormitories of the College of Judea and Samaria by the school administration, students, volunteers and residents of Ariel and the surrounding West Bank settlements. Before the beginning of the academic year, the former residents of Netzarim decided to split up into two groups. One group moved to the temporary government refugee camp of Yevul near the Egyptian border. The other group decided to stay in Ariel.

After Israeli troops left Netzarim on 12 September 2005, crowds of Palestinians pushed past police cordons, scavenging door frames and toilets. Some in the crowd tied the flags of Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad around their necks as capes. Celebrating crowds set fire to the synagogue in Netzarim, similar to what was reported in Morag.

Operation Cast Lead
The IDF took possession of Netzarim again during Operation Cast Lead and entered with 150 Merkava and other military vehicles on January 4, 2009. The reoccupation of Netzarim effectively separated Gaza City from southern Gaza Strip, weakening Hamas' control of the region. On the early morning of January 12, troops stationed at Netzarim began their northward push into Gaza City's Sheikh Ijlin neighborhood. When a ceasefire was declared by Israel on January 17, the IDF gradually evacuated the site.

Operation Swords of Iron
The site of Netzarim was captured by the IDF following the invasion of its ground forces into the Gaza Strip on October 27, 2023. Their entry into Netzarim was part of a southern pincer move to surround Gaza City, located to the north of Netzarim.

In early 2024, the IDF established a military road running across the Gaza Strip, intended to serve as a buffer zone separating Gaza City from the rest of the territory. It was named Netzarim Corridor as it includes the site of the former settlement.

title: Netzarim


text: User talk:Mustafarox

title: User talk:Mustafarox


text:
John Rawdon, 1st Earl of Moira

John Rawdon, 1st Earl of Moira (17 March 1720 – 20 June 1793), known as Sir John Rawdon, Bt, between 1724 and 1750 and as The Lord Rawdon between 1750 and 1762, was an Irish peer.

Background
Rawdon was the only son of Sir John Rawdon, 3rd Baronet and Dorothy (daughter of Sir Richard Levinge, 1st Baronet, Chief  Justice  of the Irish Common Pleas and his first wife, Mary Corbin).

Career
Rawdon succeeded his father in the baronetcy in February 1724, aged three. His mother remarried Charles Cobbe, Archbishop of Dublin, and died in childbirth in 1733.

In 1750 he was elevated to the Peerage of Ireland as Baron Rawdon, of Moira in the County of Down. In 1761 he was further honoured when he was made Earl of Moira in the Irish peerage.

Family
Lord Moira married, firstly, Helena Perceval (1718-1746), daughter of John Perceval, 1st Earl of Egmont and Lady Catherine Parker, on 10 November 1741. They had three children:

 * Lady Helena Rawdon, married Stephen Moore, 1st Earl Mountcashell and had issue.
 * Lady Catherine Rawdon (b. 27 May 1744 ), married Joseph Henry.
 * Lady Dorothea Rawdon (b. 17 October 1745)

Helena "died at the Hotwell, near Bristol, of the consumption" in June 1746. Lord Moira married, secondly, Anne Hill, daughter of Trevor Hill, 1st Viscount Hillsborough and Mary Rowe, on 23 December 1746. They had no children. After her death in August 1751, he married, thirdly, Elizabeth Hastings, 16th Baroness Botreaux, daughter of Theophilus Hastings, 9th Earl of Huntingdon and Lady Selina Shirley, on 26 February 1752. They were cousins, her grandmother Mary Levinge being his aunt. They had five children:

 * Lady Selina Frances Rawdon (d. 1827), married George Forbes, 6th Earl of Granard and had issue.
 * Lady Charlotte Adelaide Constantia Rawdon (d. 1834), married Hamilton Fitzgerald. In 1800, the royal House of Bourbon being in exile from France, Lady Charlotte's hand was sought in marriage by one of that dynasty's cadet princes, Antoine Philippe d'Orléans, Duc de Montpensier, but he was refused authorisation by Louis, Count of Provence (the future King Louis XVIII), and the marriage did not occur.
 * Lady Anne Elizabeth Rawdon (1753–1813), married Thomas Brudenell-Bruce, 1st Earl of Ailesbury without issue.
 * Francis Rawdon-Hastings, 1st Marquess of Hastings (1754–1826)
 * Hon. John Theophilus Rawdon (1756–1808), father of Elizabeth, Lady William Russell

Lord Moira died in June 1793, aged 73, and was succeeded by his eldest son by his third marriage, Francis, who had already been created Baron Rawdon in his own right in 1783 and was created Marquess of Hastings in 1816. The Countess of Moira died in April 1808.

title: John Rawdon, 1st Earl of Moira


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Trains/Todo/Disambig

 * ''This page is rarely updated.

There is a very large number of editors who add links to common railroad and rail transport related subjects that are actually links to disambiguation pages. Periodically, we need to go through the "What links here" list on these disambig pages to fix the links therein. This page will list the disambig links and the most recent date of their repairs.

Please feel free to add to the list. If you've gone through the links and fixed them, please note the date so others will know when they were last checked (you don't need to sign it, just put the date that you finished the task). In the first column, the left-pointing arrow provides a direct link to the appropriate "What links here" page.

Disambiguation link fixes
Common names can often have more than one meaning, even within the rail transport industry (such as "Southern Railway"). These pages are all disambiguation pages or pages about subjects other than the rail transport related subject of the same name. For these links, the articles that link to them need to be updated to link to the correct destination page.

Redirect link fixes
These are redirects for common misspellings. There are way too many redirects of standard and alternate (but still correct) spellings and word substitutions, so only those that are actual misspellings will be listed here. The idea is that if something links to a misspelling, then it's probably misspelled in the article text.


text:
Belisario Boeto Province

Belisario Boeto is a province in the Bolivian department of Chuquisaca.

Subdivision
The province consists of only one municipality, Villa Serrano Municipality, which is identical to the province. Belisario Boeto Province is further subdivided into three cantons. The cantons with their seats are:

The people
The people are predominantly not indigenous, 36.0% are of Quechuan descent.

Ref.: obd.descentralizacion.gov.bo

Languages
The languages spoken in the province are mainly Spanish and Quechua.

Ref.: obd.descentralizacion.gov.bo

title: Belisario Boeto Province


text:
Hernando Siles (disambiguation)

Hernando Siles may refer to:

 * Hernando Siles Reyes (1882–1942), Bolivian politician
 * Hernando Siles Province, Bolivia
 * Estadio Hernando Siles, Bolivian sports stadium

title: Hernando Siles (disambiguation)


text:
Jaime Zudáñez Province

Jaime Zudáñez is a province in the Bolivian department of Chuquisaca. It was named after Jaime de Zudáñez, emancipation leader born in Chuquisaca in 1772.

Geography
Some of the highest mountains of the province are listed below:

• Awila Mayu

• Chullunkhäni

• Jatun Q'asa

• Llawi Q'asa

• Llusk'a Qaqa

• Muruq'uyuq

• Puka Punta

• Puka Qaqa

• Puka Urqu

• P'isaqayuq

• Qallu Urqu

• Quchayuq

• Q'illu Qisqa

• Sankha Q'asa

• Surama T'uqu

• T'ula Kimray

• Uspha T'uqu

• Wallqayuq Urqu

• Wisk'achayuq

• Yana Qaqa

• Yana Urqu

Subdivision
The province is divided into four municipalities which are further subdivided into cantons.

Places of interest

 * El Palmar Integrated Management Natural Area

title: Jaime Zudáñez Province


text:
Luis Calvo

Luis Calvo is a province in the Bolivian department of Chuquisaca. It has a population of 20,842.

Subdivision
The province is divided into three municipalities which are further subdivided into cantons. The municipalities with their seats are:

title: Luis Calvo


text:
Nor Cinti Province

Nor Cinti is a province in the Bolivian department of Chuquisaca. Its capital is Camargo.

Geography
One of the highest mountains of the province is Kunturiri at 4604 m. Other mountains are listed below:

• Allqamari

• Chawpi Qullu

• Ch'ankha Punta

• Ch'illka

• Inka Kancha

• Jatun Q'asa

• Jatun Urqu

• Kimsa Qucha

• Lara Punta

• Layqa Qucha

• Llaqta Pampa

• Muruq'u

• Puka Urqu

• Qallu Urqu

• Qillqata

• Q'illu Apachita

• Sirka Punta

• Tarujani

• Tarujiri

• Turu Wañusqa

• Wayllaw Q'asa

• Wisk'achani

Subdivision
The province is divided into four municipalities  which are further subdivided into cantons.

title: Nor Cinti Province


text:
Oropeza Province

Oropeza is a province in the Chuquisaca Department, Bolivia. Its seat is Sucre which is also the constitutional capital of Bolivia and the capital of the Chuquisaca Department.

Geography
Some of the highest mountains of the province are listed below:

• Alisu Punta

• Asna Kancha

• Chawayasqa

• Chullpa Urqu

• Chullpani

• Ch'aki Mayu

• Ch'usiqani

• Illimani

• Inti Rumi

• Jatun Pampa

• Jatun Q'asa

• Jatun Urqu

• Juch'uy Satari

• Katariri

• Kimsa Muqu

• Kimsa Ñuñu

• Kimsa T'ipa

• Misk'a Urqu

• Mulli Punta

• Mulli Urqu

• Parya Punta

• Pukara

• P'aqla Urqu

• Quchayuq

• Satari

• Tawayuq

• Tuqtu Q'asa

• Wallpa Q'asa

• Wayra Pata

• Wayrani Wayu

• Wichhu Qullu

• Wiru Wiru

Subdivision
The province is divided into three municipalities which are further subdivided into cantons.

The people
The people are predominantly indigenous citizens of Quechuan descent.

Ref.: obd.descentralizacion.gov.bo

Languages
The languages spoken in the province are mainly Spanish and Quechua.

Ref.: obd.descentralizacion.gov.bo

Places of interest
The archaeological sites of Inka Mach'ay and Puma Mach'ay are situated within the province. Inka Mach'ay was declared a National Monument in 1958.

title: Oropeza Province


text:
Sud Cinti Province

Sud Cinti (also Sur Cinti) is a province in the Bolivian department of Chuquisaca.

Subdivision
The province is divided into three municipalities which are further subdivided into cantons. The municipalities with their seats are:

title: Sud Cinti Province


text:
Kevin Tighe

Kevin Tighe (born Jon Kevin Fishburn; August 13, 1944) is an American actor who has worked in television, film, and theatre since the late 1960s. He is best known for his character, firefighter-paramedic Roy DeSoto, on the 1972-77 NBC series Emergency!

Tighe was cast in his first major film as an extra in 1967's The Graduate. After being under contract with Paramount and Universal, Tighe's career took a turn from bit parts and extra work when he was cast as Roy DeSoto on Emergency!. Following Emergency!, Tighe went on to make numerous guest television appearances in shows such as Ellery Queen, Cos, The Hardy Boys/Nancy Drew Mysteries, and The Six Million Dollar Man.

Aside from The Graduate, some of Tighe's film credits include Road House, City of Hope, What's Eating Gilbert Grape, and Jade. Tighe won a 1994 Genie Award for Best Supporting Actor in I Love a Man in Uniform. In the 2000s he played Anthony Cooper on the ABC television series Lost, as well as Giles Corey in the premiere episode of the original WGN America series Salem.

Tighe has also been seen in a number of stage productions including A Reckoning, Mourning Becomes Electra, Anna Christie, Other Desert Cities, and Curse of the Starving Class.

Early life and education
Tighe was born on August 13, 1944, as Jon Kevin Fishburn in Los Angeles, California, of Czech-Bohemian and Irish descent, the son of an actor.

When he was five, Tighe moved with his family from Los Angeles to nearby Pasadena, where he began acting at an early age, auditioning for juvenile leads at the Pasadena Playhouse. He graduated from Pasadena High School in 1962, and went on to attend Pasadena City College and CSULA where he was a member of Beta Chi fraternity, before receiving a Bachelor's degree from USC and then an MFA for acting in 1967. After USC, Tighe was drafted into the United States Army. Due to an injury to his finger, he was stationed for two years at Fort Knox rather than being sent to Vietnam.

1960s
Tighe's first film appearance was in 1967 as a fraternity brother in The Graduate (only the back of his head is seen, while taking a shower), after which he appeared in three other films: Truman Capote’s 1967 In Cold Blood, in which Tighe played Herb Clutter, Narcotics: Pit of Despair and Yours, Mine and Ours. After being discharged from the Army, Tighe appeared at the Taper Theater in Los Angeles in The Trial of the Catonsville Nine and in Noël Coward's Design for Living at the Ahmanson Theatre, also in Los Angeles. After this, he went on to perform in Design for Living with the National Theatre of Great Britain. During this period Tighe worked with a number of well-known actors including Lorne Greene, Maggie Smith, and Michael Landon before signing a contract with Universal Studios. During Tighe's tenure at Paramount, he appeared on NBC's Bonanza in the episode, "The Weary Willies".

Emergency! (1970s)
Tighe auditioned for a new Jack Webb television series, Emergency! in 1972 and landed the role of firefighter-paramedic Roy DeSoto, alongside Randolph Mantooth as his partner, John Gage. DeSoto and his team would respond to vehicle crashes, medical emergencies, and other rescues in a fire department rescue squad. After receiving advice and treatment orders from a local hospital via radiotelephone, the medics performed advanced life support techniques to stabilize patients needing aid before having them transported to a medical facility.

In order to better portray his character, Tighe, along with other actors on the show, sat in on paramedic classes and participated in "ride-alongs" with the LA County Fire Department. When the show premiered, there were only 12 fire departments or ambulance services in North America fielding paramedics; the show is credited with introducing its audience to the concept of pre-hospital care, fire prevention, and CPR. In a 2006 Seattle radio interview, Tighe stated that Emergency! "...resonated with working people and I was always very proud of that fact. It promoted the paramedic program."

The show ran six seasons (129 episodes) with seven two-hour television movie specials including a pilot film, The Wedsworth-Townsend Act and averaged 30 million viewers each week. Tighe directed four episodes of Emergency!: "Gossip" (1974), "Inventions" (1974), "Equipment" (1975), and "Fair Fight" (1977). and wrote one episode for the show, "Up all Night" (1977). Tighe and Mantooth did many of their own stunts in the early years of the show. Mantooth has been quoted as saying, "If you could see our faces, it was us doing the stunts, if you couldn't, it was our stunt double."

While on Emergency!, Tighe appeared as Roy DeSoto in episodes of two other shows created by Robert A. Cinader, Sierra  which had its backdoor pilot as an Emergency! episode, and Adam-12 (the episode "Lost and Found"). Tighe voiced Roy DeSoto on the animated spin-off Emergency +4. and narrated an episode about the work of paramedics in LA County with Mantooth on NBC's Go!

During the series' run and after it was cancelled, Tighe became and remained friends with Mantooth as well as co-stars Julie London and Bobby Troup. Tighe served as a best man at Mantooth's second wedding in 2002. Through his friendship with Troup and London, who were married to each other as well as recording artists prior to being cast on the show, Tighe had the opportunity to meet well known jazz musicians and artists.

Both Tighe and Mantooth appear in the video presentation The Pioneers of Paramedicine Story, a project done in conjunction with the Los Angeles County Fire Museum. Originally filmed in 2001 with additional scenes filmed in 2013, the video is a documentation of the history of pre-hospital medicine.

Tighe was an honorary committee member on Project 51 and its efforts to honor Emergency!'s legacy. Tighe conducted interviews and compiled a brief history of American EMS for the project. Roy DeSoto's uniform, along with some of the medical equipment used on the show was inducted into the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of American History in the Public Services division in May 2000.

Along with Mantooth, Tighe was presented in 2012 with a traditional white leather firefighter helmet by the Los Angeles County Fire Department as Honorary Fire Chief. The honor was bestowed for contributions to the fire service and emergency medicine through educating and inspiring others to work in firefighting and EMS.

After Emergency! (1980s)
After the cancellation of Emergency!, Tighe continued to work in episodic television, appearing on Ellery Queen, Cos, The Hardy Boys/Nancy Drew Mysteries, The Six Million Dollar Man, and The Love Boat. He also appeared on the CBS Library production of "Orphans, Waifs, and Wards" and as Thomas Jefferson in an adaptation of the John Jakes novel The Rebels in 1979.

During the 80s, Tighe taught drama at USC. To keep his acting skills honed, he once again studied acting, this time with Robert Lewis and Stella Adler in New York City. He worked in summer stock as part of a company directed by Alfred Christie at the Hampton Playhouse in 1980, and performed in Come Blow Your Horn. In 1983, Tighe was cast in Two for the Seesaw at William Putch's Totem Pole Playhouse in Caledonia, Pennsylvania.

Tighe made his Broadway debut at the Music Box Theatre in the play, Open Admissions; the show closed after two weeks. He then acted in Night of the Iguana with McCarter Theatre Company, in Princeton, NJ; Mark Weller's The Ballad of Soapy Smith in 1983 at the Seattle Repertory Theatre in Seattle; and the New York Shakespeare Festival at the Public Theatre in New York City. In 1989, he received an NEA fellowship at the Seattle Repertory Theatre. Tighe also wrote and directed Homegirl for the Seattle Repertory Theatre in 1986.

After returning to Los Angeles in 1986, Tighe began working again in television and movies. His late 1980s movie appearances were in Matewan, Eight Men Out, K-9, and as club-owner Frank Tilghman in 1989's Road House with Patrick Swayze. During a 2006 interview, Tighe stated, "I've gotten more comments on that movie than any other film I've ever done." Saying he is amazed by the film's broad audience appeal, he further said, "Working class people like it, (college kids), white people, black people. I think a lot of that is due to the music ... the movie had great music."

1990s
Tighe's work in the 1990s included work on episodic television crime, drama, and science-fiction programs. Tighe appeared on episodes of Murder, She Wrote, Tales from the Crypt, Under Suspicion, Chicago Hope, The Single Guy, ER, The Outer Limits. For six episodes, he portrayed police detective David Blalock on the crime and legal drama, Murder One. He was a special guest star on Star Trek: Voyager as Henry Janeway, an ancestor of Captain Kathryn Janeway, in the episode "11:59".

Besides episodic work, Tighe appeared in a number of television movies during the 90s, including Perry Mason: The Case of the Defiant Daughter, the remake of Escape to Witch Mountain, and slain Kansas father and farmer Herb Clutter in the 1996 miniseries adaptation of Truman Capote's book In Cold Blood. Tighe also portrayed newspaper legend William Randolph Hearst in Winchell.

Tighe's roles in feature films included lawyers, law enforcement officers, and military figures including the part of Blake Wilson in the Eddie Murphy and Nick Nolte vehicle Another 48 Hrs. Other film roles during this period were in Bright Angel, City of Hope, Newsies, School Ties, and Mumford. Tighe portrayed Ken Carver in What's Eating Gilbert Grape and Brigadier General Nelson Miles Geronimo: An American Legend. In 1994, he won a Genie Award for Best Supporting Actor in the role of "Frank" in I Love a Man in Uniform.

Tighe continued to work in theater and appeared in three different roles: Hilton Lasker, Swifty, and Lord Kitterson in The End of the Day: An Entertainment at the Seattle Repertory Theatre, in 1989 and 1990. Tighe continued to do plays in the 1990s at the Seattle Repertory Theatre including Hedda Gabler in 1992.

2000s
Tighe continued to do episodic work on both cable and network television and appeared on Freaks and Geeks, Family Law, The West Wing portraying Governor of Indiana Jack Buckland, Strange World, Everwood, Law & Order: Criminal Intent, The 4400, and Law & Order: Special Victims Unit. Tighe appeared numerous times on ABC show, Lost, as Anthony Cooper, father of John Locke. His work included episodes of Numb3rs, Leverage, and Lie to Me.

His work on television included two movies and mini-series. Tighe appeared in The Sight, and Nancy Drew. He has also continued to work heavily in film and has appeared in The Deal, Today You Die, and My Bloody Valentine. Tighe portrayed William Gottschalk in three of the Tulse Luper films: The Tulse Luper Suitcases, Part 1: The Moab Story, The Tulse Luper Suitcases: Antwerp, and A Life in Suitcases.

Tighe worked in regional and repertory theater, with the bulk of his stage work in Seattle. Tighe played Mick Dowd, a gravedigger, in Martin McDonagh's A Skull in Connemara at ACT Theatre in Seattle in 2000. Six months later, the production moved to New York, where it played at the Roundabout Theatre Company and Gramercy Theatre.

He played Brigadier General Ezra Mannon in Mourning Becomes Electra and the play was initially performed at the ACT Theatre with Jane Alexander in 2001. The play was staged later in 2001 at the Long Wharf Theatre in New Haven, Connecticut with Tighe and Alexander in the cast. Tighe worked with his daughter, Jennifer, in A Reckoning at the Magic Theater in San Francisco. Tighe played Matt in Anna Christie, along with Sam Shepard's Buried Child, and Yuri Lubymov's production of Crime And Punishment on The Arena Stage at the Kreeger Theatre in Washington, D.C.

Tighe played Salter in A Number, exploring the human consequences of cloning, at the ACT Theatre in Seattle. His character examines parent-child relationships in five concentrated scenes through his three cloned sons and the nature of human bonds.

2010 to present
Tighe played Captain Channing on Trauma. His recent episodic television work includes Common Law, Complications, and Salem. His most recent film appearance is I Am I, released in June 2014.

Tighe narrated the documentary, The Mountain Runners, examining the mountain marathon runners at Mount Baker in the early 1900s. Tighe was interviewed for America on Stage examining the development of new plays funded by the National Endowment for the Arts. Tighe appeared on a documentary that was aired on the PBS program, Independent Lens. The documentary examined the development and staging of a new play in "Playwright: From Page to Stage".

Tighe played the title role in Rajiv Joseph's Pulitzer Prize-nominated drama Bengal Tiger at the Baghdad Zoo, about the lives of American soldiers who guard a philosophical tiger (Tighe) while on duty in the Iraq War. Tighe played the role in both the New York and at the Mark Taper Forum in Los Angeles productions, replacing Robin Williams, He won positive reviews for his performance of the Tiger. He won a 2010 Garland Award for best Performance in a Play. Tighe played Fredrik in Anatomy of Pain on the Mirror Stage at the Ethnic Cultural Theatre in Seattle in 2012. In Sam Shepard's Curse of the Starving Class, Tighe played Weston in 2013 at the Long Wharf Theatre in New Haven with Judith Ivey. He had the following thoughts in his approach to doing Shepard's play,"You have to beware of naturalism, which is the place actors tend to go into. You have to leave the ground for awhile and then hope you land." Later in 2013, Tighe played Lyman Wyeth in Other Desert Cities with Pamela Reed at ACT Theatre in Seattle.

Personal life
Since 1985, Tighe has resided in Skagit County, Washington with his wife, the artist Rebecca Fletcher.

From Skagit County, he travels to Los Angeles and New York City for work. Tighe has a daughter from his first marriage (to Mary Lou Seaman), Jennifer Tighe, an actress with whom he appeared in the stage production of A Reckoning.

TV movies

 * The Wedsworth-Townsend Act (1972; pilot for Emergency!)
 * Plus six 2-hour television movies:
 * The Steel Inferno (January 7, 1978)
 * Survival on Charter #220 (March 28, 1978)
 * Most Deadly Passage (April 4, 1978)
 * Greatest Rescues of Emergency (December 31, 1978)
 * What's a Nice Girl Like You Doing (June 26, 1979)
 * The Convention (July 3, 1979)
 * The Rebels (1979)
 * Perry Mason: The Case of the Defiant Daughter (1990)
 * Face of a Stranger (1991)
 * Yesterday Today (1992)
 * Better Off Dead (1993)
 * Caught in the Act (1993)
 * Betrayal of Trust (1994)
 * Escape to Witch Mountain (1995)
 * The Avenging Angel (1995)
 * In Cold Blood (1996)
 * The 119 (1997)
 * Winchell (1998)
 * Darwin Conspiracy (1999)
 * The Sight (2000)
 * Rose Red (mini series; 2002)

Documentaries

 * The Mountain Runners narrator (2012)
 * America on Stage himself (2013)
 * Independent Lens presents "Playwright: From page to stage" (2013)

title: Kevin Tighe


text:
Tomina Province

Tomina is a province in the Chuquisaca Department in Bolivia. Its seat is Padilla.

Geography
Some of the highest mountains of the province are listed below:

• Atuq Waqana

• Ch'utu Muqu

• Jatun Punta

• Kancha Q'asa

• Liwqiyuq Punta

• Mayu Tinku

• Palta Urqu

• Qallu Urqu

• Saqra Kimray

• Sirkani Punta

• Supay Q'asa

• Wayra Urqu

• Wisk'achayuq

• Yana Qaqa Punta

• Yana Yana

Subdivisions

Tomina Province is divided into five municipalities which are partly further subdivided into cantons.

The people
The people are predominantly indigenous citizens of Quechuan descent.

Ref.: obd.descentralizacion.gov.bo

Languages
The languages spoken in the province are mainly Spanish and Quechua.

Tourist attractions
Padilla Municipality is situated within the Iñao National Park and Integrated Management Natural Area.

title: Tomina Province


text:
Yamparáez Province

Yamparáez is a province in the Bolivian department of Chuquisaca. It is divided in two sections: first section with head in the town of Tarabuco, and the second section with its head in Yamparáez.

Subdivision
The province is divided into two municipalities which are further subdivided into cantons.

The people
The people are predominantly indigenous citizens of Quechuan descent.

Ref.: obd.descentralizacion.gov.bo

Languages
The languages spoken in the province are mainly Quechua and Spanish.

Ref.: obd.descentralizacion.gov.bo

title: Yamparáez Province


text:
José Gaspar

José Gaspar, also known by his nickname Gasparilla (supposedly lived c. 1756 – 1821), is a fictional Spanish pirate who terrorized the Gulf of Mexico from his base in southwest Florida during Florida's second Spanish period (1783 to 1821). Though details about his early life, motivations, and piratical exploits differ in various tellings, they agree that the 'Last of the Buccaneers" was a remarkably active pirate who amassed a huge fortune by taking many prizes and ransoming many hostages during his long career and that he died by leaping from his ship rather than face capture by the U.S. Navy, leaving behind his still-hidden treasure.

While Gaspar is a popular figure in Florida folklore, there is no evidence that he existed. No contemporary mention of his life or exploits has been found in Spanish or American ship logs, court records, newspapers, or other archives, and no physical artifacts linked to Gaspar have been discovered in the area where he supposedly established his "pirate kingdom." The earliest known written mention of José Gaspar was a short biography included in an early 1900s promotional brochure for the Gasparilla Inn on Gasparilla Island at Charlotte Harbor, the author of which freely admitted that the dramatic tale was a work of fiction "without a true fact in it". Subsequent retellings of the Gaspar legend are based upon this fanciful account, including the accidental inclusion of José Gaspar in a 1923 book on real pirates that has caused ongoing confusion about his historical authenticity.

José Gaspar's legend is celebrated in Tampa, Florida during the annual Gasparilla Pirate Festival, which was first held in 1904.

Legend
The story of José Gaspar's life and career vary in different tellings, especially regarding his origin. Most agree that Gaspar was born in Spain about 1756, served in the Spanish Navy until turning to piracy about 1783, and met his end in southwest Florida during a battle against the United States Navy in late 1821. However, the retellings differ greatly in the details.

Early years
In some versions of the story, Gaspar began life as a poverty-stricken Spanish youth who kidnapped a young girl for ransom. Captured and given a choice between prison and joining the navy, he chose to go to sea, where he served with distinction for several years before leading a mutiny against a tyrannical captain and fleeing to Florida with a stolen ship.

Other versions of the story state that Gaspar was a nobleman who achieved a high rank in the Spanish Royal Navy and became a councilor to King Charles III of Spain. He was popular in the court, but when he spurned one lover for another, the jilted lady levied false charges against him, often said to involve the theft of the crown jewels. Unjustly facing arrest, he commandeered a ship and fled, vowing to exact revenge on his country.

In still other versions, Gaspar was a brilliant Spanish admiral of questionable character who succeeded in stealing the crown jewels. When his theft was discovered, he seized the "prize vessel of the Spanish fleet" with a group of loyal followers and abandoned his wife and children to flee across the Atlantic Ocean.

Piratical career
In all versions, the renegade settled along the virtually uninhabited southwest coast of Spanish Florida around 1783 and turned to piracy aboard his ship, the Floriblanca. Gaspar established a base on Gasparilla Island and was soon the feared scourge of the Gulf of Mexico and the Spanish Main, taking many ships as prizes and amassing a huge treasure cache in the period coinciding with the second Spanish rule of Florida. Most male prisoners would be forced to join his crew or be put to death, while women would be taken to a nearby isle (called Captiva Island for this reason) to be held for ransom or serve as wives or concubines for the pirates.

Different versions of Gaspar's legend relate to various episodes in his piratical career. One of the most famous involves a Spanish princess (or Mexican, depending on the version) named Useppa, who was a passenger on a captured ship. The noblewoman rejected the pirate's advances until he threatened to behead her if she would not submit to his lust. Still, she refused, and he killed her in a rage (or alternately, because his crew demanded her death). Gaspar instantly regretted the deed and took her body to a nearby island, which he named Useppa in her honor, and buried her himself. Some versions identify the lady with Josefa de Mayorga, daughter of Martín de Mayorga, viceroy of New Spain from 1779 to 1782, and contend that the island's name evolved. However, no evidence has been found to support this claim.

Similarly, Sanibel Island is said to have been named by Gaspar's first mate, Rodrigo Lopez, after his lover whom he had left back in Spain. Empathizing with his friend's plight, Gaspar eventually allowed Lopez to return home. Some versions of the legend claim that Gaspar entrusted Lopez with his log or diary, which have been cited as sources for information about the pirate, although they have yet to be produced.

Gaspar has been associated with various other pirates, both historical and not. Some versions of Gaspar's story claim that he often partnered with the real pirate Pierre Lafitte and that Lafitte barely escaped the battle in which Gaspar was killed. This is unlikely, as there is no record of Lafitte spending time on the southwest Florida coast, and he died in Mexico before Gaspar's supposed demise. Gaspar has also been associated with Henri Caesar and "Old King John", other semi-legendary pirates for whom there is little to no historical evidence.

Demise
Most versions of the legend agree that José Gaspar met his end in late 1821, soon after Spain transferred control of the Florida Territory to the United States. Gaspar had decided to retire after almost four decades of pirating, and he and his crew gathered on Gasparilla Island to split the enormous treasure cache he'd collected over his long career.

During the distribution process, a lookout spotted what appeared to be a vulnerable British merchant ship sailing nearby. Gaspar could not resist taking one last prize, so he led his crew aboard the Floriblanca to pursue their prey; however, when the pirates fired a warning shot, their intended victim raised an American flag to reveal that it was no merchant vessel, but the United States Navy pirate hunting schooner USS Enterprise in disguise. A fierce battle ensued in which the Floriblanca was hulled several times below the waterline and began to sink. Rather than surrender, Gaspar wrapped an anchor chain around his waist. He leaped from the bow, dramatically shouting, "Gasparilla dies by his own hand, not the enemy's!" before plunging into the waters of the Gulf of Mexico within sight of the shore. Most of his surviving crew were captured and hanged, but a few escaped or were imprisoned. Some versions of the story claim that one of the escapees was John Gómez, who would tell the tale to subsequent generations.

Historical context
Though his story has been retold in many forms since its first appearance around 1900, there is no evidence that the pirate José Gaspar existed. The period in which he was supposedly active was well after the "Golden Age of Piracy" (c. 1650 - 1725), when accurate historical figures such as Bartholomew Roberts, Blackbeard, and William Kidd operated in and around the Caribbean Sea and Atlantic basin. European nations began to make a concerted effort to suppress piracy in the early 1700s, and by 1730, every major pirate of the "golden age" era had been killed.

While scattered seaborne attacks by privateers and pirates were a continuing nuisance when Gaspar supposedly arrived at Charlotte Harbor in the 1780s, the navies of Britain, France, Spain, and the newly independent United States were actively patrolling nearby waters, making it improbable that any pirate could successfully harass shipping for decades at the enormous scale claimed by most accounts of Jose Gaspar. The original published Gasparilla story and many subsequent tales claim that the pirate had amassed about $30 million in stolen booty by the time of his death in 1821. To put that figure in context, Spain transferred the entire Florida territory to the United States for $5 million that same year.

There is little evidence that pirates of any era based their operations in southwest Florida. The vast majority of loot taken by real-life pirates consisted not of Aztec gold or Inca silver plundered from massive Spanish galleons but of easily liquidated trade goods such as food, tobacco, and lumber taken from small merchant vessels. Since there were no towns along Florida's west coast where stolen cargo could be sold until well after piracy had been stamped out in the Gulf of Mexico, the area was sometimes a refuge for those hiding from the authorities. Still, it was never a convenient staging ground for active buccaneers.

Archival evidence
Several historians and other interested parties have attempted to find records proving Gaspar's existence but have failed. However, the original version of the story claims that he stole the "crown jewels" of Spain and then fled with the "prized vessel" of the Spanish fleet; research in Spanish archives has turned up no mention of Gaspar's presence in the royal court, his career in the Spanish navy, or his spectacular crimes. Despite claims that he was the most feared pirate in the Gulf of Mexico for several decades, searches of contemporaneous American newspapers have found no mention of the name "Gaspar" or "Gasparilla" or of a pirate ship called Floriblanca, and searches of U.S. Navy archives have found no mention of Gaspar in ships' logs or official court records of the many well-documented piracy trials of the era. While the USS Enterprise was assigned to the West Indies Squadron tasked with suppressing piracy in the Caribbean, it is documented to have been in Cuba in December 1821, not in Charlotte Harbor, where all versions of Gaspar's story claim that his last battle took place.

Local place names
There is no evidence to support the claim that several local place names in southwest Florida originated with Gaspar, as many appeared on maps drawn long before his supposed arrival in the 1780s. "Gasparilla Island" appears on Spanish and English maps made in the early 1700s, and contemporary documents suggest that the barrier island was named for Friar Gaspar, a Spanish missionary who visited the native Calusa in the 1600s. While several purported biographies of the pirate state that the nickname "Gasparilla" means "Gaspar, the outlaw" in Spanish, it is a feminine diminutive meaning "little Gaspar" or "gentle Gaspar", a moniker more likely to be attached to a pacifist priest than a bloodthirsty buccaneer.

Physical evidence
Gasparilla Island is a narrow barrier island on the northern side of the mouth of Charlotte Harbor that is about 7 mi long and less than 1 mi across at its widest point. The various versions of the Gaspar legend claim that he constructed a "regal" home base there, with the initially written account claiming that his hideout consisted of over a dozen buildings plus a tall watchtower perched atop an "ancient Indian mound filled with gold and the bleached bones of his victims". However, no physical evidence has ever been found to support these claims.

Gasparilla Island became an active shipping point soon after phosphate was found nearby in the late 1800s, and modern port facilities, along with a railway and the first bridge to the mainland, were constructed at that time. Excellent sport fishing waters nearby helped the area transition to less industrial uses with the opening of the Gasparilla Inn & Club at the end of the railroad line and the establishment of the resort town of Boca Grande in the early 1900s. Hundreds of homes along with a golf course and Gasparilla Island State Park were constructed over the 20th century, and though virtually all of Gasparilla Island above the high tide line has now been developed, no trace of Gaspar's "pirate kingdom" has ever been uncovered.

Over the years, the persistent belief that Gaspar was real has led to unsubstantiated rumors about mysterious maps and caches of gold coins, prompting professional and amateur treasure hunters to search for his lost loot across southwest Florida. But while there has been no documented recovery of any part of his treasure or the remains of his many alleged victims, unauthorized gold seekers have repeatedly disrupted archeological sites, often in violation of Florida law. As explained by the Boca Grande Historical Society, Calusa and other Native American sites in the Charlotte Harbor region have suffered "unimaginable damage" at the hands of "looters in search of a non-pirate's non-treasure."

Sources of the legend
The origin of the Gaspar legend is still being determined. Local folklore about an earlier age featuring the native Calusa people, Spanish explorers, and pirates developed in southwest Florida in the late 1880s as small settlements in the area grew into towns. At the time, the undeveloped Ten Thousand Islands to the south were a refuge for isolated pioneers and real-life outlaws, though these were land-based criminals in hiding, not sea-going buccaneers.

Local folklore was spread informally, and little written documentation of these stories survives. In the early decades of the 20th century, some pirate tales coalesced into the legend of Jose Gaspar, who was obscure even in the Charlotte Harbor area but who would soon become much better known further north along Florida's Gulf coast.

John Gómez
John Gómez (also known as Juan Gómez and Panther John) was a real person who became entangled with the legend of José Gaspar. In the late 1800s, Gómez lived in a shack with his wife on otherwise uninhabited Panther Key, a small spit of land near Marco Island in the Ten Thousand Islands region of Southwest Florida. He was well known along Florida's Gulf coast as an expert hunting and fishing guide, boat pilot, and an eccentric teller of tall tales, mostly about himself. His self-reported age and birthplace varied, even on official documents. In the 1870 United States Census, he was born in 1828. However, during the 1880 US census, Gómez claimed to have been born in France in 1785. In 1885, he told state census takers that he had been born in Corsica, and reported to the 1900 US Census that he was born in Portugal in 1776. Meanwhile, various contemporary letters and news articles report that Gómez claimed at different times to have been born in 1778, 1781 or 1795 in Honduras, Portugal, or Mauritius. Most of his supposed birth years would have made him one of the oldest people in the world in 1900, when he died in a boating accident.

Gómez's uncertain birth was said to be just the beginning of an exceedingly long and adventure-filled life. He claimed to have seen Napoleon as a youth in France (or was drafted into Napoleon's army), sailed the world as a cabin boy on a merchant ship, served as a scout for the U.S. Army during the Seminole Wars, served as a coastal pilot for the U.S. Navy during the Civil War, was involved in filibustering (and perhaps pirating) in Central America and the Caribbean, and escaped a Cuban prison just before his scheduled execution, among other remarkable exploits spread out over the entirety of the 19th century. While none of these stories can be verified, researchers have found records indicating that Gómez lived in several locations around southwest Florida from about 1870 until his death, including the Florida Everglades, Key West, Tampa, Pass-a-Grille, and the Ten Thousand Islands.

Between his propensity for telling entertaining stories and his real skills as a boat pilot and outdoorsman, Gómez became a popular fishing and hunting guide along Florida's west coast, leading to his being mentioned in several issues of Forest and Stream, an early conservationist magazine. His tall tales were usually shared in very informal settings during fishing trips and hunting expeditions and are only documented in a few personal accounts in newspapers and magazines and his obituary. However, though many versions of the Gasparilla legend claim that Gómez was the last surviving member of the pirate's crew, no contemporary account of Gómez's life or tall tales mention José Gaspar. The connection was first made soon after he died in 1900 when a promotional pamphlet for a Charlotte Harbor resort hotel (see below) claimed that the late John Gómez was the primary source of its tale of the pirate Gasparilla.

Since then, many elaborate and often conflicting stories have been told regarding Gómez's alleged exploits alongside José Gaspar. Some claim that Gómez was the pirate's cabin boy, others that he was Gaspar's brother-in-law and first mate, and still others that Gómez was Gaspar's first mate. At the same time, his son was a cabin boy. Some even suggest that Gómez was the extraordinarily long-lived José Gaspar himself living under a false name. Most versions of the legend also claim that Gómez knew the whereabouts of Gaspar's vast treasure cache, which seems unlikely given that he petitioned the Lee County Commission for a $8 per month stipend due to destitution.

Gasparilla Inn Brochure
The first known written account of José Gaspar comes from an early 1900s brochure for the Gasparilla Inn Resort in the recently established tourist and phosphate mining town of Boca Grande, Florida on Gasparilla Island in Charlotte Harbor. Publicist Pat Lemoyne authored it for the Charlotte Harbor and Northern Railway Company, which had just opened the resort. The brochure consisted of two parts: a telling of the legend of José Gaspar followed by a promotional section touting the Gasparilla Inn and the Charlotte Harbor area in general. It was freely distributed to guests at the Inn and northern markets to draw attention to the recently opened tourist destination.

The cover of the brochure featured a blood-dripping color illustration of Gaspar, and the introduction claimed that the tale of the pirate contained therein was gleaned from stories told by the recently deceased John Gómez, who was described as the longest-lived member of the crew. Several episodes in Gaspar's career first mentioned in the brochure have been repeated and expanded upon in later retellings, including the tale of the "little Spanish princess" and the details of his dramatic demise. It also sought to connect Gaspar to Charlotte Harbor by claiming that his sprawling home base had encompassed several islands. Captiva Island was said to be where his captives were held, Sanibel Island was named after Gaspar's love interest, and his home was on Gasparilla Island - "Taking the best of everything when a capture was made, he chose the best of the islands in Charlotte Harbor for his own secret haunts," it declared. Finally, it claimed that a burial mound "forty feet high and four hundred feet in circumference" near Gasparilla Island had been found to contain "ornaments of gold and silver" along with "hundreds of human skeletons", but that the bulk of the buccaneer's vast cache of buried treasure "still lies unmoved" nearby, in the vicinity of the Gasparilla Inn.

Though the brochure presents its "romantic" history of Gaspar as a well-established truth, it is entirely fictional. Local place names mentioned were established long before the pirate's supposed arrival, and despite lurid tales regarding the uncovering of gold and human remains, no such artifacts or any other physical evidence of Gaspar's "regal" home base, victims, or treasure has ever been found on Gasparilla Island or anywhere else in the Charlotte Harbor area.

In 1949, a retired Pat Lemoyne gave a history lecture at a Fort Myers Chamber of Commerce function in which he cheerfully admitted that his biography of José Gaspar was a "cockeyed lie without a true fact in it" and that he had written the brochure in a dramatic style that "tourists like to hear". He explained that the story had been inspired by John Gómez's tall tales, which Lemoyne had heard second-hand. Lemoyne described Gómez as a "colorful" eccentric who claimed to have been a pirate to sell fake treasure maps to "the gullible" for a "fancy figure".

Piracy in the West Indies and Its Suppression
In 1923, Boston historian Francis B. C. Bradlee received a copy of the Gasparilla Inn brochure from Robert Bradley, then president of the Charlotte Harbor and Northern Railway Company. Assuming that Gasparilla's story was authentic, Bradlee included many details in his book Piracy In The West Indies And Its Suppression without attempting to verify the information. His book repeated claims that a "burying ground" containing the "bleached bones" of Gaspar's many victims had recently been discovered on Gasparilla Island, that a tall "burial mound" built by a "prehistoric race" had been excavated and found to be full of gold and silver artifacts along with "hundreds of human skeletons", and that a dying John Gómez had confessed to witnessing the murder of the "Little Spanish princess" and sketched a map that led searchers to her body. However, none of these claims were true, as no treasure, murder victims, or other physical trace of Gaspar's exploits has ever been found in the area, and John Gómez drowned while fishing alone, making a deathbed confession impossible.

Despite his obvious lack of fact-checking, Bradlee's book was used as a source for later works such as Philip Gosse's Pirates' Who's Who and Frederick W. Dau's Florida Old and New, the authors of which also took Gaspar's authenticity for granted. Over the next few decades, several more books about pirates or Florida history erroneously included José Gaspar / Gasparilla as a real historical figure, leading to continuing confusion about his historical authenticity and repeated attempts to find his lost treasure.

Ye Mystic Krewe of Gasparilla (YMKG)
In 1904, officials in Tampa decided to enliven the city's May Day festival by adding a pirate "invasion" inspired by the still-obscure legend of Jose Gaspar with added elements from Mardi Gras in New Orleans. The event proved popular, and leading citizens established "Ye Mystic Krewe of Gasparilla" (a club based on the krewes of Mardi Gras) to organize future editions of what became known as the Gasparilla Pirate Festival. In 1936, YMKG commissioned Tampa Tribune editor Edwin D. Lambright to write an authorized history of the organization. Along with a factual history of the krewe and the Gasparilla festival up to that point, the volume included a version of the legend of José Gaspar in which he was depicted as a "respectable" and "courtly" pirate who only resorted to violence when necessary. Lambright claimed that his biography of Gaspar was supported by "unquestionable records", including a diary written by the pirate himself and taken to Spain by a member of his crew, perhaps Juan Gómez. However, the diary was said to have been lost, and no other evidence was disclosed.

In 2004, YMKG published a new centennial history of the organization. This document recounts the Gasparilla legend first published in 1936 but adds a coda that concedes that scholarly research conducted in both Spanish and American archives has yet to uncover any evidence of Gaspar's existence. The history concludes with this statement:

"Whether Gasparilla, the pirate, actually existed or not is a moot point. The legend exists, and that's what matters. The story of Gasparilla and his pirates has lent a certain flair of mystery and adventure to Florida's West Coast since the late 1800s. And on that legend, Ye Mystic Krewe of Gasparilla was founded 100 years ago."

"The Gasparilla Story"
In 1949, Fort Myers author Jack Beater published a mass-market paperback version of the Gaspar legend called The Gasparilla Story. Though written in the style of a light adventure novel, the narrator claimed that it was a true tale gleaned from a "mouse-eaten Cuban manuscript" supposedly written by José Gaspar's cousin Leon and corroborated with an old map found at a used bookstore, neither of which were made public. The book also included advertisements for hotels and real estate firms in the Fort Myers and Charlotte Harbor area and invited readers to "Make [their] conquest of Sanibel and Captiva Islands . . . in the manner of the buccaneers!"

Beater published several additional books about southwest Florida; some marketed as fiction, some as non-fiction, and some as guidebooks for tourists, all including tongue-in-cheek dramatic tales about Gaspar and other pirates. His works and the writings of other local authors with similar themes expanded the story of Gaspar further while also sowing confusion about the integrity of the legend.

"The Hand of Gasparilla"
In the 1930s, construction worker Ernesto Lopez showed his family a mysterious box he claimed to have found while working with a repair crew on the Cass Street Bridge in downtown Tampa. According to family stories, the wooden box contained a pile of Spanish and Portuguese coins, a severed hand wearing a ring engraved with the name "Gaspar", and a "treasure map" indicating that Gaspar's treasure was hidden near the Hillsborough River in Tampa.

In 2015, Lopez's great-grandchildren found a box in their late grandfather's attic containing the items Ernesto Lopez found along with his wedding photo. The family brought the box to the attention of a local reporter, whose TV news report on the strange find was picked up by several national and international news outlets. However, upon examination, experts at the Tampa Bay History Center determined that the box contained several non-precious old coins, souvenirs from early Gasparilla parades, and a plat map from the 1920s with local streets, businesses, and landmarks from that time clearly depicted. The origin of the hand remained a mystery, though the curator of the history center opined that it might be a mummified monkey hand.

Gasparilla Pirate Festival
In 1904, members of the Tampa business elite staged a surprise pirate "invasion" during the city's previously sedate May Day celebration. Under the guise of "Ye Mystic Krewe of Gasparilla" (YMKG), an organization modeled after the New Orleans Mardi Gras krewes, the "invaders" donned pirate costumes and rode through the streets on horseback encouraging residents to follow them to the festivities. The event was a hit, and the following year, the Krewe organized a parade in which all 60 of Tampa's cars rode through downtown. The first seaborne "invasion" came in 1911, and YMKG has organized a theatrical pirate invasion and parade almost every year since.

Tampa now hosts many community events during its "Gasparilla Season" from approximately January to March. The focal point is still an "invasion" by José Gaspar and his crew, which takes place on the last Saturday in January. Members of Ye Mystic Krewe of Gasparilla, accompanied by a flotilla of hundreds of private boats, sail across Tampa Bay to downtown Tampa on the José Gasparilla, a 165' long "pirate" ship which was specially built for this purpose in 1954. The mayor of Tampa then surrenders the key of the city to the "pirate captain", and a "victory parade" ensues down Bayshore Boulevard. Dozens of other Krewes have joined the festivities over the years, becoming one of the United States' largest parades. An average of over 300,000 people attend the event, which contributes over $20 million to the local economy.

Cultural connections

 * Since no one organization controls the names "Gaspar" or "Gasparilla", they are used by many businesses, organizations, and events in the greater Tampa Bay area. Others have names inspired by the mythical pirate, such as the Tampa Bay Buccaneers of the National Football League, who began play in 1976. Another sports-related example is the Gasparilla Bowl, a college football bowl game once played in Tropicana Field as the "St. Petersburg Bowl" that changed its name when it moved to Tampa in 2018.
 * The legend of Gasparilla has been featured in several television shows and publications. Recent examples include September 2019 episodes of the TV series Expedition Unknown on the Discovery Channel and Code of the Wild on the Travel Channel, both of which followed amateur treasure hunters (unsuccessfully) searching for Gaspar's treasure in the Charlotte Harbor area.

title: José Gaspar


text: Talk:Wheeler-Thanhauser Orchid Collection and Species Bank


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User talk:Empion

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User talk:Redux/Protect

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Talk:Kevin Tighe

Discussion
Kevin Tighe needs an article, he's the only major actor on Emergency! without one. I really don't feel qualified to write this article, I don't know a lot about him, so please expand this! -- Rt66lt, August 21, 2005

Kevin's grandparents
Does anyone know if Kevin's grandparents lived in Cedar Rapids, Iowa at one time ?? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.66.197.189 (talk) 20:04, 2 August 2009 (UTC)

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Stage name
There's no info on why "Tighe" is his stage (legal?) name.

I'm pretty sure I'm not the only one who's curious, 2600:8800:784:8F00:C23F:D5FF:FEC4:D51D (talk) 18:08, 29 January 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Kevin Tighe


text:
Workers' Defence Committee

The Workers' Defense Committee (Komitet Obrony Robotników, KOR) was a Polish civil society group that was established to give aid to prisoners and their families after the June 1976 protests and ensuing government crackdown. It was a precursor and inspiration for efforts of the Solidarity trade union a few years later.

It was established in September 1976. A year later it was reorganized into the Committee for Social Self-defence KOR (Komitet Samoobrony Społecznej KOR).

History
The organization was the first major anti-communist civic group in Poland, as well as in Eastern Europe. It was borne of the outrage at the government's crackdown on the June 1976 protests. Its stated purpose was to create "new centers of autonomous activity." It raised money through sales of its underground publications, through fund-raising groups in Paris and London, and grants from Western institutions. KOR sent open letters of protest to the government and organized legal and financial support for the families of political detainees. The leaders of the organization established an activities and coordination center and offered analysis on worker's conditions within Poland. They often collaborated with Western journalists on writing and publishing articles. The group worked with sympathetic lawyers to get better representation for striking workers and obtained medical diagnoses from doctors which they presented as evidence of police brutality in court trials. They smuggled in mimeograph machines to print their underground newsletter, Komunikat, which had a circulation of around 20,000 by 1978.

As a side project of KOR, an underground publishing house called NOWA was founded using mimeograph machines owned by KOR. It printed material critical of the regime and reproduced banned writings from thinkers outside of the Warsaw Pact countries, such as George Orwell. NOWA had its own print shops, storehouses, and distribution network, and financed itself through sales and contributions.

In late 1977, KOR collaborated with Warsaw intellectuals to establish the Flying University, a series of lectures organized by unofficial student groups to discuss ideas about freedom that could not be debated in public. The government harassed KOR members as it did other civil society groups in Poland: beating up and jailing dissidents, infiltrating and interrupting lectures, and conducting searches of dissidents' houses. However, KOR's work eventually led the Polish government to declare an amnesty for jailed strikers in the spring of 1977. In that year, it was renamed the Committee for Social Self-defence KOR (Komitet Samoobrony Społecznej KOR).

KOR went on to publish another underground paper, Robotnik ("The Worker"—the same title as Józef Piłsudski's underground paper)

Founding members

 * Jerzy Andrzejewski
 * Stanisław Barańczak
 * Ludwik Cohn
 * Jacek Kuroń
 * Edward Lipiński
 * Jan Józef Lipski
 * Antoni Macierewicz
 * Piotr Naimski
 * Antoni Pajdak
 * Józef Rybicki
 * Aniela Steinsbergowa
 * Adam Szczypiorski
 * Fr. Jan Zieja
 * Wojciech Ziembiński

title: Workers' Defence Committee


text:
User talk:Jackfrostzzz

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Image Tagging Image:Eric.gif
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Image copyright problem with Image:Maxatm.jpg
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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Nermal

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was speedy merge. Fernando Rizo T/C 03:29, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

Nermal
Delete and redirect The information on the Nermal page is already on much larger Garfield page. Character may not have enough information to add ot make it worth giving it a seperate page. Should be deleted and redirect to Garfield, just like 'Odie' does. Boycottthecaf 02:45, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect. No need to delete first.  CanadianCaesar 02:51, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge; | Celcius 02:51, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy merge and redirect. You definitely had the right idea, Boycottthecaf, but an article can't be redirected once it's deleted. A deletion removes the article space entirely, not just the content. In this case, just perform the merge and make the Nermal page into #REDIRECT Garfield . Fernando Rizo T/C 02:51, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * You can delete and redirect, you can make a redirect out of a red link. But I don't think it's needed here.  CanadianCaesar 02:55, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Potato, potatoh, CC. ;) Went ahead and did it for you. Edit the page for Nermal and you'll see what I did. Fernando Rizo T/C 02:56, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I saw it. The only reason I didn't redirect it myself is because I didn't see it until it went on VfD, and I'm not admin so I don't have authority to speedy redirect.  CanadianCaesar 02:58, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * What They Say Ok, I was confused there. I just thought that it should automatically redirct to Garfield, just as what happens when you type in the term "Odie". Thanks. --Boycottthecaf 03:00, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Nermal


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Talk:Eclipse (Yngwie Malmsteen album)

Fair use rationale for Image:YngwieJMalmsteen-Eclipse.jpg
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User:Keramida

Hi, my name is George and I'm officially a Wikipedian since the welcome of Redwolf24. My contributions are few right now and on diverse subjects. They're mostly related to my tendency to be a pedant but I will hopefully start making more significant content additions to existing Wikipedia articles, or even write a few new articles of my own!

Background
I was born on 7 March of 1976, in Athens. I have since lived in several places around Greece, eventually settling since 1988 in Patras. My family includes a great percentage of elementary school teachers (3 out of 5), but I somehow managed to drag myself into a computer-related profession and work as a computer programmer (software developer).

Open Source and Me
A FreeBSD hacker and long time Open source fan, who currently works a lot with Solaris systems too. I spend most of my spare time catching up with the latest developments in FreeBSD and have since a long time plans for completing the translation of the entire FreeBSD documentation set to Greek.

Contact Information
You can always leave messages to my talk page for anything related to Wikipedia. Email messages are also welcome in English or Greek at:

 * [mailto:keramida@linux.gr keramida@linux.gr]

title: User:Keramida