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Direct debit

A direct debit or direct withdrawal is a financial transaction in which one organisation withdraws funds from a payer's bank account. Formally, the organisation that calls for the funds ("the payee") instructs their bank to collect (i.e., debit) an amount directly from another's ("the payer's") bank account designated by the payer and pay those funds into a bank account designated by the payee. Before the payer's banker will allow the transaction to take place, the payer must have advised the bank that they have authorized the payee to directly draw the funds. It is also called pre-authorized debit (PAD) or pre-authorized payment (PAP). After the authorities are set up, the direct debit transactions are usually processed electronically.

Direct debits are typically used for recurring payments, such as credit card and utility bills, where the payment amounts vary from one payment to another. However, when the authorization is in place, the circumstances in which the funds are drawn as well as the dates and amounts are a matter of agreement between the payee and payer, with which the bankers are not concerned.

In countries where setting up authorization is easy enough, direct debits can also be used for irregular payments, such as for mail order transactions or at a point of sale. The payer can cancel the authorization for a direct debit at any time, and the banker can decline to carry out a debit if the transaction would breach the terms of the bank account out of which payment is to be made, for example if it were to cause the account to overdraw. (Banking law does not authorize a bank to alter the payment amount.)

A direct debit instruction differs from a direct deposit and standing order instruction, which are initiated by the payer. A standing order involves fixed payment amounts paid periodically, while a direct debit can be of any amount and can be casual or periodic. They also should not be confused with a continuous payment authority, where the payee collects money whenever it feels it is owed.

Direct debits are available in a number of countries, including the United Kingdom, Brazil, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, South Africa, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland. Direct debits are made under each country's rules, and are usually restricted to domestic transactions in those countries. An exception in this respect is the Single Euro Payments Area (SEPA) which allows for Euro-denominated cross-border (and domestic) direct debits since November 2010. In the United States, direct debits are processed through the Automated Clearing House network.

Origins
Alastair Hanton, a British banker and maths graduate, found that traditional banking methods of paying in cheques were incredibly costly. His answer was to gain permission from customers to take payment directly from their bank account. After six years of campaigning, the high-street banks finally agreed in 1964. By the end of the decade, the savings made using this method meant that direct debit had come into general use in the UK.

Authorization
A direct debit instruction must in all cases be supported by some sort of authorization for the payee to collect funds from the payer's account. There are generally two methods to set up the authorization:

One method involves only the payer and the payee, with the payer authorizing the payee to collect amounts due on his or her account. However, the payer can instruct his or her bank to return any direct debit note without giving a reason. In that event, the payee has to pay all fees for the transaction and may eventually lose his or her ability to initiate direct debits if this occurs too often. However, it still requires all the account holders (not merely the payer) to watch statements and request returns if necessary, unless they have instructed their bank to block all direct debits.

The other method requires the payer to instruct his or her bank to honour direct debit notes from the payee. The payee is then notified that he or she is now authorised to initiate direct debit transfers from the payer. While this is more secure in theory, it can also mean for the payer that it is harder to return debit notes in the case of an error or dispute.

Fees
In all countries, fees for direct debits are much lower than for credit cards. Credit cards charge a percentage of the transaction (2.5% to 3%) and sometimes a per-transaction fee (about $0.25). In contrast, direct debit fees are $0.15 to $0.20 per transaction on the U.S.’s Automated Clearing House (ACH) network, and £0.20 to £0.40 per transaction on the U.K.’s New Payment System Operator (NPSO) network. Fees vary between providers. Some offer flat rates while others have additional charges and monthly or yearly fees.

Europe
In Europe, the SEPA Direct Debit (SDD) and SEPA Credit Transfer payment schemes are available in each SEPA country for payments within the Eurozone.

SEPA Direct Debit initially worked alongside national direct debit schemes until 1 August 2014. From that date, only SEPA Direct Debit was permitted for collecting euro-denominated payments in the EU. In October 2016, SDD and IBAN became the mandatory methods for euro transfers in all of the EU and EEA, but not mandatory for transfers in other currencies.

United Kingdom
Direct Debit is a payment method for recurring payments in the UK. It is the third most popular payment method in the UK, after cash and debit card, according to Payments UK. Bacs Payment Schemes Limited is the organisation with responsibility for the Direct Debit scheme.

Direct Debit was invented by Alastair Hanton while he was working at Unilever as a way of collecting payments more efficiently. It commenced operation, as a paper-based system, in 1964.

Direct Debit accounts for the payment of 73% of household bills and almost nine out of ten British adults have at least one Direct Debit commitment. In 2015 nearly 3.9 billion Direct Debits were processed, representing a year-on-year increase of 239 million which surpasses the previous record for annual growth of 161 million, set in 2004. 4.07 billion Direct Debits were processed in 2016, an increase of 4.9% from 2015. Payments UK predicted the figure is expected to rise to 4.4 billion by 2026.

Authorisation
To set up payments by Direct Debit, the payer must complete a Direct Debit Instruction to the merchant. This instruction contains bank-approved wording that makes it clear the payer is setting up an ongoing authority for the merchant to debit their account. The interface for completing the Direct Debit Instruction is controlled by the merchant, who then sends the data from the form to the customer's bank, via Bacs.

The UK Direct Debit scheme rules allow for Direct Debit Instructions to be completed in several ways:
 * paper-based forms, which require a signature
 * over the telephone using a formal script to collect all the required information
 * online, using an online application form which has been approved by a bank
 * through other interactive services, where the interface has been approved by a bank

Guarantee
All UK payments collected by Direct Debit are covered by the Direct Debit Guarantee, which is provided by the UK's banks and building societies.

Under the guarantee a payer is entitled to a full and immediate refund in the event of an error in the payment of a Direct Debit from their account. Where an error has occurred, refunds are paid immediately by the payer's bank, who will then attempt to recover the money from the merchant's bank, who in turn will attempt to recover the money charged back from the merchant.

Under the Direct Debit scheme rules, merchants have very few grounds to challenge a charge-back generated under the Direct Debit Guarantee. Instead, they can pursue any payments which they believe have been incorrectly refunded to the payer directly through the small claims court.

Access
Before a company or organisation can collect payment by Direct Debit they need to be approved by a bank, or use a commercial bureau to collect direct debit payments on their behalf. This approval process ensures the company will be able to operate within the direct debit scheme rules and maintain the integrity of the scheme.

If a large number of customers complain about direct debits set up by a particular service user then the service user may lose its ability to set up direct debits.

Dormancy
Any direct debit instruction that has not been used to collect funds for over 13 months is automatically cancelled by the customer's bank (this is known as a "dormancy period"). This can cause problems when the mandate is used infrequently, for instance, taking a payment to settle the bill for a seldom-used credit card. If the credit card company has not collected a payment using the Direct Debit mandate for over 13 months the mandate may have been cancelled as dormant without the customer's knowledge, and the direct debit claim will fail.

Fraud
The problem of direct debit fraud is extensive according to research by Liverpool Victoria Insurance which reveals that over 97,000 Britons have fallen victim to criminals setting up fraudulent direct debits from their accounts. An average of £540 goes missing before the customer notices. Direct debit payment fraud in 2010 accounted for around 10.6% of all identity fraud cases. The extent of direct debit scamming is set to grow to 41,000 cases a year by 2013, equating to a 57% rise.

However, the problem is exacerbated by some of the banks themselves for failing to implement any controls which prevent companies or fraudsters taking money from business and consumer accounts. The problem of cancelled and obsolete direct debits being wrongfully revived or re-implemented is estimated to cost UK consumers £385 million in 2010. For those customers who find out, it takes them on average four months to notice. Although no specific figures were collected it appears a substantial number of people lose considerable amounts of money annually because the obsolete direct debit is neither noticed nor recovered.

On 7 January 2008, Jeremy Clarkson found himself the subject of direct debit fraud after publishing his bank account and sort code details in his column in The Sun to make the point that public concern over the 2007 UK child benefit data scandal was unnecessary. He wrote, "All you'll be able to do with them is put money into my account. Not take it out. Honestly, I've never known such a palaver about nothing". Someone then used these details to set up a £500 direct debit to the charity Diabetes UK. In his next Sunday Times column, Clarkson wrote, "I was wrong and I have been punished for my mistake."

Training
Businesses and organisations collecting payments through Direct Debit are instructed by Bacs to take mandatory training. Whether businesses are collecting independently or through a bureau, their relevant staff need to understand the fundamentals of the payment method. Courses are available through Bacs or through accredited external training. There are only four recognised companies in the UK providing Bacs accredited training: Accountis (D+H), Bottomline Technologies, Clear Direct Debit and allpay.

Canada
In Canada, direct debit payments are often referred to as Pre-Authorized Debits (PADs). PADs work over a computerized network through Payment Canada's federally-secured Automated Clearing Settlement System (ACSS). This network connects all of Canada's financial institutions.

Germany
In Germany, banks generally have been providing direct debit (elektronisches Lastschriftverfahren (ELV), "Lastschrift", Bankeinzug) using both methods since the advent of so-called Giro accounts in the 1950s.

The Einzugsermächtigung ("direct debit authorisation") just requires the customer to authorize the payee to make the collection. This can happen in written form, orally, by e-mail or through a web interface set up by the payee. Although organisations are generally required not to instruct their banks to make unauthorised collections, this is usually not verified by the banks involved. Customers can instruct their bank to return the debit note within at least six weeks.

This method is very popular within Germany as it allows quick and easy payments, and it is suited even for one-time payments. A customer might just give the authorisation at the same time she or he orders goods or services from an organisation. Compared to payments by credit cards, which allow similar usage, bank fees for successful collections are much lower. Often retailers such as supermarkets will process Girocards as direct debit (ELV) transactions after performing a real-time risk analysis when the card is swiped. This is possible because the bank account number and routing code of the giro account form part of every Girocard's card number (PAN), similar to early 1990s 19 digit Switch card numbers. The customer agrees to the direct debit by signing the back of the receipt, which normally contains a long contractual text that also allows the retailer to contact the customer's bank and get their address in the case the debit is returned ("Rücklastschrift"). Direct debits are practically free for the retailer, allowing them to save the Girocard interchange fees (approx. 0.3%) that would be associated with PIN based transactions, but incur a higher risk as the payment can be returned for any reason for up to 45 days. Therefore, they are used usually for returning customers that have already had successful Girocard (PIN-verified) transactions at the same store or are purchasing low-risk or small-ticket items.

To prevent abuse, account holders must watch their bank statements and ask their bank to return unauthorised (or wrong) debit notes. As fraudulent direct debit instructions are easily traced, abuse is rare. However, there can be issues when the amount billed and collected is incorrect or unexpectedly large. There have also been cases of fraudulent direct debit where the defrauders tried to collect very small individual sums from large numbers of accounts, in the hope that most account holders would be slow to raise an issue about such small sums, giving the defrauders enough time to withdraw the collected money and disappear.

The Abbuchungsauftrag ("posting off") requires the customer to instruct his or her bank to honour debit notes from the organisation. Direct debits made with this method are verified by the customer's bank and therefore can not be returned. As it is less convenient, it is rarely used, usually only in business-to-business relationships.

Netherlands
In the Netherlands, as in Germany, an account holder can authorize a company to collect direct debit payments, without notifying the bank. This process is very common, with as many as 45% of all banking transactions conducted via direct debit.

A transaction can be ongoing, or one time only. For both types collecting organizations must enter into a direct debit (automatische incasso) contract with their bank. For each transaction the name and account number of the account holder must be provided. The collecting organisation can then collect from any account, provided there is enough money in the account and no block is set against direct debit from the collecting organisation.

Transactions can be contested, depending on the type of transaction, time since the transaction and the basis of dispute. Authorized transactions of the ongoing type can be recalled directly via the bank of the account holder within the 56 days (8 weeks) since the transaction, with the exception of transactions relating to games of chance and perishables. Authorized one-time only transactions can be recalled via the bank within 5 days. Unauthorized transactions can be contested via the bank within a limited time period after the transaction.

Another security measure is a "selective block" whereby the customer can instruct the bank to disallow direct debits to a specified account number. Blanket blocks are also available.

Poland
In Poland, direct debit is operated by KIR (Krajowa Izba Rozliczeniowa) and participating banks as one of the functionalities of the Elixir clearing system. The payer has to authorize the payee by filling, signing and submitting a standardized paper form in two copies. One copy, after filling in payee details and a customer identification number, is sent by the payee to the payer's bank, which verifies the signature. From now on, the payee may debit the payer's account. Since 24 Oct 2012 it is also possible to submit such authorization through the payer's bank, often also online.

The payer can:
 * Cancel any direct debit transaction:
 * within 56 calendar days - individuals,
 * within 5 working days - businesses and other organizations.
 * Suspend authorization so future direct debit transactions are blocked.
 * Revoke authorization at any time either online or by submitting a paper form to the bank.

In case of cancelling a transaction, funds are immediately returned to the payer's account. Interest is also adjusted as if the transaction never happened.

Collecting fees through direct debit is supported mostly by companies such as telecom, insurance and utility companies and banks themselves but it is not widely used by consumers because of the bureaucracy involved in setting direct debits up.

Ireland
The direct debit system in Ireland was previously operated by the Irish Payment Services Organisation (IPSO) until its integration with the Irish Banking Federation (IBF) in 2014, forming the Banking and Payments Federation Ireland (BFPI). Direct debit instructions can be given in writing, by telephone or online. There are protections for the holder of the account being debited in the event of a dispute. The Irish payment system was replaced by the SEPA Direct Debit Core Scheme (SDD) following the conversion of all legacy credit transfer and direct debit systems to the Eurozone-wide SEPA system on 1 February 2014.

Denmark
Direct debit is preferred payment method for recurring household payments in Denmark. The service, launched back in the early seventies, is called "Betalingsservice" and is used by about 96% of the Danish households.

Japan
Direct debit is a very common payment option in Japan. When signing up for a service, such as telephone, a customer is usually asked to enter their bank details on the service submission form, to set up for automatic payments, and the company they are signing up to will take care of the rest. Sometimes, but not always, the customer is offered the possibility to enter credit card details instead of bank account details, to have the money directly debited from credit card instead of bank account. Direct debit is also an option for paying utility bills, alongside bank transfers and credit card payments.

Malaysia
In Malaysia, the direct debit system is available via the product known as FPX – Financial Process Exchange. FPX supports online direct debit as well as batch direct debit.

Supported by Bank Negara Malaysia and the local financial institutions, FPX is operated by FPX Payment Gateway Sdn Bhd, a subsidiary company of Malaysian Electronic Payment System (1997) Sdn Bhd (MEPS).

Australia
In Australia, direct debit is performed through the direct entry system also known as BECS (Bulk Electronic Clearing System) or CS2, managed by the Australian Payments Network Limited. An account holder can authorise a company to collect direct debit payments, without notifying the bank, but direct debit is not available on all financial accounts.

A common example of direct debit is authorising a credit card company to debit a bank account for the monthly balance.

Many smaller companies do not have direct debit facilities themselves, and a third-party payment service must be used to interface between the biller and the customer's bank. For this a small charge (typically $1–2 per transaction, incorporated into the bill amount) is made by the payment service.

Direct credit and debit instructions are only available to institutional customers. Direct credit instructions are used for payrolls and other large scale regular payments. Direct debit instructions are used by insurance companies, utilities and other large organisations which receive regular payments. Although governed by APCA rules, the actual exchanges of instructions occur through bilateral exchanges. There is no central "clearinghouse" for bulk direct entry payment instructions.

United States
In the United States, direct debit usually means an Automated Clearing House (ACH) transfer from a bank account to a biller, initiated by the biller.

South Africa
In South Africa direct debits, also known as debit orders, are performed through the ACB (Automated Clearing Bureau). An account holder can authorise a company to collect direct debit payments. The client signs a debit mandate form giving the requesting company permission to debit their account with a fixed or variable monthly value. This value can be recurring or once-off. This is an effective, safe and more cost effective alternative to receiving money in cash, by cheque or EFT (Electronic Funds Transfer).

There are three types of commonly used debit orders in South Africa: EFT (Electronic Funds Transfer), NAEDO (Non-authenticated Early Debit Order) and AEDO (Authenticated Early Debit Order).

A new payment stream introduced by the South African Reserve Bank in 2017, called AC or Authenticated Collections replaced the previous NAEDO payment stream with the purpose to reduce customer disputes and abuse of the debit order system. The AC payment stream is known to consumers as DebiCheck.

Sweden
In Sweden, direct debit is available, called Autogiro. The amount is withdrawn from the payer's account on the payee's request without specification. The approval is done once without time limit for each payer/payee combination, but can be withdrawn at any time. The request is normally sent through a form from the payer to the payee, but in the internet bank it is also possible to request it. Autogiro should not be confused with the electronic billing system E-faktura although some banks let the payer instruct the bank to automatically pay received electronic bills on their due date without the customer having to log in to the internet bank and authorize the payment.

Switzerland
Switzerland has a form of direct debit called Lastschriftverfahren (LSV) der Banken.

The setup of a direct debit is by signed authority to the bank. Depending on the proposition of the bank, the direct debit is claimed and may or may not require authorisation. Some banks allow a limit to be put in place for automatic approval.

Turkey
In Turkey, direct debits are widely used, for utility and credit card payments, as well as commercial transactions. However, whereas in other countries the payee instructs his/her bank to make a collection, in Turkey the payer needs to authorise his/her bank directly. The usage differs from standing orders, as payment amounts are not fixed and payments need not be periodical (i.e. payments can be of any amount and can be casual or periodic).

Brazil
Authorized Direct Debit (DDA) is a system in Brazil created by Febraban (Brazilian Federation of Banks) and associated Brazilian banks that replaces the issuance of printed payment slips with the electronic collection of obligations. It was implemented on October 10, 2009.

title: Direct debit


text:
Ghost Master

Ghost Master (released as Ghost Master: The Gravenville Chronicles on the Xbox and PlayStation 2) is a puzzle strategy game developed by British studio Sick Puppies for Windows. The game was later published on Mac OS X by Feral Interactive. The player assumes the role of a Ghost Master, a bureaucratic spirit tasked to perform certain duties. While the bulk of a Ghost Master's duties consist of hauntings, a Ghost Master may also be "called in" to increase belief in the supernatural, avenge deaths, and conscript renegade ghosts. Because a Ghost Master cannot directly interfere in the world of mortals, the Ghost Master is given a team of subordinate ghosts to do so. When not haunting, the Ghost Master is responsible for the training of the ghosts under their command.

Gameplay
The game consists of 15 levels. In most levels, the primary goal is to scare all the mortals (humans) and cause them to flee the area in fear or succumb to madness.

Ghost Master plays similarly to a real-time strategy game. The player first chooses the ghosts to field in the level. The player cannot field every ghost in every place. Each ghost has one or two types of objects (or "fetters") it can be bound to. For example, a ghost who died during a robbery could only be bound to a "Murder Fetter," whereas a water spirit can only be bound to a bath, sink, or a simple puddle of water.

Another limiting factor is "Plasm". This numerical resource dictates which abilities a ghost can use. When a human becomes frightened, Plasm is generated. With more Plasm, stronger abilities (and more ghosts) can be fielded at any one time.

Once the objective(s) for a level has been completed, the game rates the player's performance. Many factors are considered, including time, amount of impact on the mortals, and how many mortals fled. If the player is able to complete the mission fairly quickly, there is a multiplier added to the final score. This score determines the amount of "Gold Plasm" given to the player, which is used to add more spells to ghosts' arsenals.

The game ends with a cliffhanger, with the Ghostbreakers bringing in a bomb that would completely erase supernatural presence in the city where the game takes place. Because of the lack of a sequel, a bonus level was released for fans, which provided some closure. However, the bonus level is only available for the UK version of the game and was not released for the retail US version.

Bonus content
The bonus level is included in the Steam and Good Old Games release of the game. The bonus level "Class of Spook'em high" is the only downloadable content released for the game. In the level, the Ghostbreakers attack the HQ of ghost master, an old, abandoned mansion where the player has to defeat the Ghostbreakers in order to win the game. The bonus content was released in place of a sequel.

Restless spirits
Each level also has "Restless Spirits," haunters bound to a certain location in some levels; usually, there is a backstory as to why they are there. The player can use the haunters on their team as well as the bound spirit to free them using a certain move or combination of moves. For example, in the first level the restless spirit Weatherwitch is bound to a vacuum cleaner that the player must destroy in order to free her.

Mortal defenses and abilities
All mortals have a belief level, which partially determines the effectiveness of a ghost's powers upon them. The belief bar is raised slightly with every scare, and particular powers are able to raise belief better than others. Every mortal also has conscious and subconscious fears which are linked to certain ghost's powers. Scaring a mortal with a power that targets their individual fear is particularly effective. These are usually unknown at the beginning of each level, but some ghosts have the ability to expose these fears.

Mortals also have a terror level and a madness level, with certain limits to each. When a human's terror bar is raised to a certain level, they flee; this is the objective of most of the in-game levels. The madness bar is filled only by the use of certain powers. When a mortal's madness bar reaches a certain point, they go insane, which is visible in that they now just roam the area of the scenario in a frenzy and are unable to be scared or maddened any more. The fear bar reduces as time progresses in the game, but the belief and madness bars do not.

Somewhere between average humans and ghosts are priests, witches, and mediums. These humans have the ability to banish ghosts that are fielded. Banished ghosts are no longer usable during that level, but are returned after the mission is complete. Also, a large score penalty is levied on players who allow ghosts to be banished.

Ghostbreakers are the most dangerous mortals, from a supernatural perspective. They are able to detect and banish ghosts at a much faster speed than the other "special" mortals mentioned previously. They are also able to field special wards, which prevent the player from fielding, or benching, ghosts trapped underneath them. Only if the electrical generators are destroyed do the wards fail.

Reception
The PC and PlayStation 2 versions received "generally favorable reviews", while the Xbox version received "mixed" reviews, according to the review aggregation website Metacritic.

GameSpot named Ghost Master the best computer game of August 2003. The staff of X-Play nominated Ghost Master for their 2003 "Best Strategy Game" award, which ultimately went to Rise of Nations.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Ghost Master


text:
User:Nekura

Hello, I live in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.

I am currently making corrections to articles that I'm reading, including typo's, formatting, grammar, and adding more links. I am also doing a lot of work on the WebComics Wikipedia Project. I've also created a bunch of articles for albums by Loreena McKennitt, Rawlins Cross, and updated the ones for Great Big Sea, and want to do more for other artists.

Useful Links

 * Stub List
 * Category List

Ships
Currently cleaning up Shipindex pages to match Guidelines, and apply template

Progress:
 * Category:Royal Navy ship names Done: A
 * Category:Royal Australian Navy ship names
 * Category:Royal Canadian Navy ship names

Category:Ship names

Whaling ships
I'm also working on articles about whaling ships of the late 1800's primarily inspired by my work on the Old Polina article.

Done:
 * Aurora (ship)
 * Diana (ship)

To Do:
 * Tay (ship)
 * Polyina (ship)
 * Balaena (ship)
 * Pole Star (ship)

Others:
 * James (~1804)
 * Resource (~1804)

 * plus many more.

title: User:Nekura


text:
Highway (Free album)

Highway is the fourth studio album by the English rock band Free. It was recorded extremely quickly in September 1970 following the band's success at the Isle of Wight Festival but with an attitude of relaxation, the band having achieved worldwide success with their previous album Fire and Water (26 June 1970) and the single "All Right Now". It is a low-key and introspective album compared with its predecessors.

Recording
From a writing point of view Highway continued in the same vein as previous albums, with vocalist Paul Rodgers and bassist Andy Fraser collaborating on seven of the nine songs. For the most part it was the easiest of their albums to record as they had achieved their desire to have a hit single and returned to the studio with renewed confidence. Guitarist Paul Kossoff however found sudden fame more difficult to deal with, and remembered the aftermath of "All Right Now" as being "a great increase in pressure from every angle" (quoted in Phil Sutcliffe's liner notes). He preferred the more serious, weighty songs on the album such as "Be My Friend", which he saw as an antidote to the "frivolity" of "All Right Now".

It was their last album to be recorded in a position of success and security, as its failure contributed to the emotionally insecure Kossoff's growing drug addiction and the band's temporary split, from which it never truly recovered. Some, including drummer Simon Kirke, also cite the death of Kossoff's idol Jimi Hendrix (which occurred during the sessions for this album on 18 September 1970), as an important factor in his eventual breakdown.

Reception
Much to the band's disappointment, the album reached only No. 41 in the UK Albums Chart (the previous album Fire and Water had reached No. 2) and reached No. 190 in the US. The single release "The Stealer" failed in the UK also, but reached No. 49 in the US. Record World said of "The Stealer" that "The crucial follow-up to 'All Right Now' will most likely determine whether Free is for real or a flash in the pan. They sure sound for real—heavy number will most likely get up there." (Rodgers and Kirke re-recorded "The Stealer" with Bad Company in 1975 during the sessions for band's third album Run with the Pack (1976), but the track was not included on the album). Rod Stewart and The Faces also featured it regularly in their live set.

The album received a lukewarm critical reaction. The single release "The Stealer" had not been Island Records boss Chris Blackwell's first choice: he had wanted to release "Ride on a Pony", but this was changed at the band's insistence. Some, such as engineer Andy Johns, blamed the album cover which was aesthetically flat compared to previous releases and did not prominently display the band's name. It was believed that some fans who otherwise would have bought the album failed to notice it because of this. One UK newspaper even reported the album as being recorded by "The Highway group" stating "it's a good album for a party or discotheque, with a touch of the Rolling Stones' influence."

They returned to the studio in early 1971 and managed to record four tracks before they eventually split, after fulfilling contracted tour dates. These 'limbo' tracks included the UK No. 4 hit single "My Brother Jake"; the other three have surfaced on various other albums over the years. A notable cover version in 1971 is "Be My Friend" by Sylvia McNeill, produced by Tony Hall, on RCA 2058 (UK 45 rpm). "Be My Friend" was also covered in 1993 by Baby Animals featuring vocalist Suze DeMarchi.

Track listing
All tracks written by Andy Fraser and Paul Rodgers unless otherwise stated.

 * Side one

 * Side two

Free

 * Paul Rodgers – vocals
 * Paul Kossoff – lead guitar, rhythm guitar
 * Andy Fraser – bass guitar, acoustic guitar, piano
 * Simon Kirke – drums, percussion
 * Andy Johns – engineer

title: Highway (Free album)


text: User talk:211.250.30.254

title: User talk:211.250.30.254


text:
Jiangyan High School

Jiangsu Jiangyan High School, also known as Jiangyan High or Jiangzhong, is a high school located at Jiangyan City, Taizhou Prefecture, Jiangsu. The school was founded by Gao Hama in 1939. In 1980, it was named a Key Middle School (重点中学) by the government of Jiangsu province. In 1996 it was designated as a Provincial Run School (省立中学) and it passed the National Model School Qualification (国家级示范性高中验收) in 1999.

Description
In the 1950s Jiangyan Middle School became a public school. The scale of the school expanded, and when the number of students increased, the school facilities became deficient. New classrooms and offices were built, and a new auditorium at the same time. In 1952, on the former site of the South Day Temple, the school built the auditorium, named the May Fourth Movement Hall. The hall has an area of 500 m2, with a stage, a film projection booth, and other amenities. The auditorium is heavily used as a meeting room, a restaurant for students, a factory workshop, and a dorm room. There are three interconnected buildings in the school, one for each grade. There is a reading room in which students can read books, do homework, or discuss problems. The main administration building has a Roman style.

Staff
The school has more than 260 teaching and administrative staff. Cooperation with a high school in Australia in 1999 led to several teacher exchanges between the schools. Since the reform and opening up of China, Jiangyan Middle School has attracted many young students from beyond Jiangsu province. Many students have achieved good scores in the national college entrance exam. The Jianyan Computer Science Olympia team placed first in the Jiangsu tournament, and over 30 students have won provincial or higher awards. The secretary general of the school was named to the National Advanced Party Branch (全国先进基层党组织).

Awards
In 2007 Jiangyan Middle School became one of the first five-star high schools in Jiangsu province; it is the only five-star high school in Taizhou. The students consistently excel in the university entrance exams and win provincial prizes each year. Recently three students have won gold prizes and one student won the international gold prize. Each year, approximately ten students are admitted Tsinghua University and Beijing University.

Previous presidents

 * Qian Yiwu (钱一武)
 * Lian Wanneng (连万能)
 * Liu Chongxun (刘崇训)
 * Xu Xinxiang (徐星祥)

title: Jiangyan High School


text:
User:Pocket Pups

That's Puck Pets Op to you.

Born cut, I sit on.

 * Comedic yap tau
 * A dec golfing Shiloh oh or xor

Pa tin, snort milk!

 * A nacho cost oil voss

title: User:Pocket Pups


text:
Space (Prince song)

"Space" is a song by American musician Prince from his fifteenth album, Come (1994). The B-side of the single is actually the album track. The A-side is the Universal Love Radio Remix of "Space", with completely new lyrics.

In the album version of "Space" Prince sings about being obsessed with a lover and wanting to take their love higher comparing to the likes of space whereas the Universal Love Remix features a rap from Prince at the end which is lyrically similar to his smash hit "When Doves Cry" with a new bridge saying "All the pain that a human has to go through, in a planet that's so bitter and cold / Universal love awaits you, baby all you got to say is that you really, really, really wanna go / And we're outta here".

Critical reception
Larry Flick from Billboard wrote that the song follows the "cozy funk/pop" of the previous "Letitgo". He added, "Unlike his past releases, this track reflects current trends rather than dictating them. Of the five mixes included on the CD pressing, the strumming "Acoustic" remix works the best, giving the salacious, sex-happy lyrics some much-needed warmth." Chuck Campbell from Knoxville News Sentinel felt "the ensuing smooth cadence of "Space" elevates the album a bit (though there's not much going on here, either)."

Chart performance
While "Space" did not chart on any airplay charts, it did reach #71 on the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart due to single sales. In Australia, "Space" peaked at #91 on the ARIA singles chart.

Track listing

 * 7" single
 * 1) "Space" (Universal Love Remix) – 6:10
 * 2) "Space" (album version) – 4:30

 * 12" / maxi single
 * 1) "Space" (Universal Love Remix) – 6:10
 * 2) "Space" (Funky Stuff Remix) – 5:42
 * 3) "Space" (Funky Stuff Dub) – 4:47
 * 4) "Space" (Acoustic Remix) – 4:40
 * 5) "Space" (album version) – 4:30
 * 6) "Space" (Universal Love Radio Remix) [Japan bonus track]

title: Space (Prince song)


text:
George Frederick James Temple

Dom George Frederick James Temple FRS OSB (born 2 September 1901, London; died 30 January 1992, Isle of Wight) was an English mathematician, recipient of the Sylvester Medal in 1969. He was President of the London Mathematical Society in the years 1951–1953.

Temple took his first degree as an evening student at Birkbeck College, London, between 1918 and 1922, and also worked there as a research assistant. In 1924 he moved to Imperial College as a demonstrator, where he worked under the direction of Sydney Chapman. After a period spent with Eddington at Cambridge, he returned to Imperial as reader in mathematics. He was appointed professor of mathematics at King's College London in 1932, where he returned after war service with the Royal Aircraft Establishment at Farnborough. In 1953 he was appointed Sedleian Professor of Natural Philosophy at the University of Oxford, a chair which he held until 1968, and in which he succeeded Chapman. He was also an honorary Fellow of Queen's College, Oxford.

After the death of his wife in 1980, Temple, a devout Christian, took monastic vows in the Benedictine order and entered Quarr Abbey on the Isle of Wight, where he remained until his death.

title: George Frederick James Temple


text:
Peterson Institute for International Economics

The Peterson Institute for International Economics (PIIE), known until 2006 as the Institute for International Economics (IIE), is an American think tank based in Washington, D.C. It was founded by C. Fred Bergsten in 1981 and has been led by Adam S. Posen since 2013. PIIE conducts research, provides policy recommendations, and publishes books and articles on a wide range of topics related to the US economy and international economics.

According to the 2015 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report (Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program, University of Pennsylvania), PIIE ranked number 20 (of 150) in the "Top Think Tanks Worldwide" and number 13 (of 60) in the "Top Think Tanks in the United States".

History
PIIE's origin can be traced back to an urgent request sent to the German Marshall Fund from C. Fred Bergsten, then assistant secretary at the Treasury Department during the Carter administration, in 1980. It was initially met with some hesitation from GMF board members due to the long-term commitment and large amount of funding proposed, but with strong support and recommendation from then GMF president Frank Loy, a center "devoted to helping provide the needed thinking on international economic issues," as Bergsten wrote at the time, was founded.

During the 1970s, President Richard Nixon ended the link to the gold standard, the first oil shock occurred in 1973, and the first G5 summit convened. As a result, the new IIE sought to conduct policy-oriented research on international economic issues by bringing together experts, academics, and policymakers.

The GMF committed an initial $4 million to the institute. The IIE's founding chairman was Peter G. Peterson, who had served on Nixon's Council on International Economic Policy and as Secretary of Commerce. Anthony M. Solomon (the Undersecretary of the Treasury for Monetary Affairs and President of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York) and Richard N. Cooper (a consultant to the U.S. National Security Council) also joined the IIE in the early 1980s.

Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, the IIE expanded to become one of the most internationally recognized think tanks in Washington D.C. The Ford Foundation was also a significant supporter of the IIE, having provided a major grant in 1991. In the 1990s, the IIE created a number of endowed chairs for its members: one in honor of Reginald Jones, the former CEO of General Electric, and another for Dennis Weatherstone, the former CEO of JP Morgan.

It moved from 11 Dupont Circle to its current building on Massachusetts Avenue in 2001.

In 2006, a capital campaign led to the creation of a sizable endowment in order to celebrate the institute's 25th anniversary. Previously known as the Institute of International Economics, it changed its name that same year in recognition of Peter G. Peterson's role in the capital campaign and for his longstanding support of the institute since the early 1980s. At its conference in New York, NY, a number of major economic figures attended: Alan Greenspan, former Federal Reserve Board Chairman; Robert Rubin, former Secretary of the Treasury; Jean-Claude Trichet, Governor of the European Central Bank, among others.

Adam S. Posen succeeded Bergsten as president on January 1, 2013. Michael A. Peterson succeeded his father Peter G. Peterson as chairman in the spring of 2018.

In 2019, PIIE's annual budget was about $12–13 million. It is financially supported by foundations, private corporations, and individuals, as well as earnings from its publications and capital fund.

Notable scholars
Senior scholars at the Peterson Institute include (as of September 2021):
 * Adam S. Posen, President
 * C. Fred Bergsten, Nonresident Senior Fellow and Director Emeritus
 * Olivier Blanchard, C. Fred Bergsten Senior Fellow
 * Markus Brunnermeier, Nonresident Senior Fellow
 * William R. Cline, Senior Fellow Emeritus
 * José de Gregorio, Nonresident Senior Fellow
 * Karen Dynan, Nonresident Senior Fellow
 * Jason Furman, Nonresident Senior Fellow
 * Anna Gelpern, Nonresident Senior Fellow
 * Pinelopi Koujianou Goldberg, Nonresident Senior Fellow
 * Anabel González, Nonresident Senior Fellow
 * Patrick Honohan, Nonresident Senior Fellow
 * Douglas Irwin, Nonresident Senior Fellow
 * Robert Z. Lawrence, Nonresident Senior Fellow
 * Mary E. Lovely, Senior Fellow
 * Maurice Obstfeld, Nonresident Senior Fellow
 * Jean Pisani-Ferry, Nonresident Senior Fellow
 * Arvind Subramanian, Nonresident Senior Fellow
 * Nicolas Véron, Senior Fellow
 * Justin Wolfers, Nonresident Senior Fellow

Former scholars include Michael Mussa, Carmen Reinhart, Dani Rodrik, Edwin M. Truman, and John Williamson. The latter coined the term "Washington Consensus" while working at the institute.

Areas of research

 * "Debt and Development" – Corruption and Governance, Debt Relief, Foreign Aid/Technical Assistance, Technology and Developing Countries, Transition Economies, World Bank and Regional Development Banks.
 * "Globalization" – Politics of Globalization, Globalization and Labor, Globalization and Environment, Migration, Issues and Impact.
 * "International Finance/Macroeconomics" – Exchange Rate Regimes/Monetary Policy, Finance, Investment, and Debt, Global Financial Crises, International Monetary Fund, New Economy and Productivity, World Economy.
 * "International Trade and Investment" – Agriculture, Competition Policy, Corporate Governance/Transparency, E-commerce and Technology, Economic Sanctions, Energy, Foreign Direct Investment, Intellectual Property Rights, Regional Trading Blocs, Services, Tax Policy, WTO and Other Global Institutions.
 * "US Economic Policy" – Economic Sanctions, Foreign Aid/Technical Assistance, Trade Disputes, Trade Promotion Authority, US Monetary/Fiscal Policy, US Trade Policy.

2017 tax reform debate
The Peterson Institute has been at the forefront of research on the proposals by the Trump Administration of reforming the tax code. Comparative analyses in advanced economies show the tax proposal will increase the budget deficit, unless coupled with a reduction of tax loopholes.

Building
In 2001 the Peterson Institute moved into a building it commissioned and built at 1750 Massachusetts Avenue ("Embassy Row"), NW, Washington, D.C. It is located across from the main Brookings Institution building, diagonally across from Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, and next to the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies.

The building was designed by James von Klemperer from the architectural firm Kohn Pedersen Fox. Its state-of-the-art conference center is named in honor of the institute's founder, C. Fred Bergsten. The sculpture garden is named in honor of Institute benefactor Anthony M. Solomon. The building houses several pieces of art donated by Stephan Schmidheiny, a former director of the institute, including a sculpture by Joan Miró and a painting by Elizabeth Murray. It also houses collections of Chinese and African art donated by William M. Keck II, Ambassador John M. Yates, and Anthony M. Solomon.

The building was granted the Best Architecture for 2001 award by the Washington Business Journal and won a Best Design award from the American Institute of Architects in 2003. Former U.S. Deputy Secretary of the Treasury and Under Secretary of State Stuart Eizenstat opined that the Peterson Institute building "is to international economics what the House that Ruth Built Yankee Stadium was to baseball". A contemporary review by Washington Post architectural critic Benjamin Forgey observed that "this is a very pretty building, lovely to look at on its own," finding its proportions "satisfying" and its workmanship "superb".

Criticism
In an opinion piece for The New York Times published in 2016, Steven Rattner called the new building of the Peterson Institute "the locker room of the Team Globalization and Free Trade cheering squad." We should not close our borders or retreat from the world, said Rattner, but free trade has winners and losers, and "we need to be more sensitive to the losers and try to help," for example by redistribution of income through the tax system, which, he said, we haven't been doing. He goes on to state that Ross Perot was right when he said that the North American Free Trade Agreement would transfer American jobs to Mexico, particularly in manufacturing. From 2009 to 2013, employment in the American auto manufacturing sector rose by 23%, from 560,000 to 690,000. But employment in the Mexican auto sector rose from 368,000 to 589,000, or 60%. "I’m happy that 221,000 more Mexicans got jobs," he writes, "but let’s be honest: Absent open borders, many of those jobs would have been in America." He concludes by pointing out that wages in American auto manufacturing are down by 12.7%. Furthermore, American auto manufacturing compensation was $35.67 an hour; in Mexico, it was $6.36 an hour. Adam Posen, then the Peterson Institute's director, responded that “fetishization” of any industry was “immoral.”


text: User talk:24.248.250.170

title: User talk:24.248.250.170


text:
Electrologica X1

The Electrologica X1 was a digital computer designed and manufactured in the Netherlands from 1958 to 1965. About thirty were produced and sold in the Netherlands and abroad.

The X1 was designed by the Mathematical Centre in Amsterdam, an academic organization that had been involved in computer design since 1947, and manufactured by Electrologica NV, a company formed expressly for the purpose of producing the machine.

The X1 was a solid-state binary computer ("completely transistorized" ) with magnetic core memory. Word-length was 27 bits and peripherals included punched and magnetic tape. It was one of the first European computers to have an interrupt facility.

The X1 was the subject of Edsger Dijkstra's Ph.D. dissertation, and the target of the first complete working ALGOL 60 compiler, completed by Dijkstra and Jaap Zonneveld. In 1965, the X1 was superseded by the X8. Electrologica was taken over by Philips a few years later.

Instruction set
The X1 allowed conditional execution of every instruction, not just branches as is the case in most computers. A similar capability existed in the Zuse Z22 and the ZEBRA, and much later in the ARM architecture. The approach used in the X1 is more flexible than these others: it makes execution conditional on the current state of the condition flag that is set by a previous instruction if it includes a modifier for that purpose, but untouched otherwise. As a result, conditional execution can be based on tests made some number of lines earlier, rather than being conditional only based on the result of the most recent arithmetic operation. This allowed for compact expression of programs. The following example demonstrates the loading of the value of memory at n into the accumulator A, calling a subroutine (which presumably uses that value in A), and finally setting A to be the absolute value of the number read:

2A n P  // copy [n] to A, set condition flag to "yes" if positive 6T fn 0 // call the function at fn, which will return with the condition flag preserved N 5P AA   // if condition flag is "no", copy -A to A

The X1 arithmetic operators used binary ones' complement arithmetic.

Assembler
The X1 included a simple assembler in its read-only memory. It has rather basic features: symbolic addresses may be defined, but symbols are only two letters long. Instructions are named by a combination of a digit representing the operation, and a letter designating the register to be operated on, or one or two letters indicating an operation class. For example, "0A" means "add memory content to accumulator A", and "5P" means "set an accumulator to the negative of another accumulator". The normal use of symbolic addresses is to name "paragraphs", i.e., related blocks of code or data. The symbolic addresses would be modified by a "line number" (a numeric offset) and a "page number" (a number in the range 0 to 31). For example, "3 FE 6" is line number 3, page number 6, representing an offset of 195 (6 * 32 + 3) from the start of paragraph FE. This address notation is a peculiarity of the assembler; the hardware addressing simply uses 15 bit addresses.

title: Electrologica X1


text:
User talk:Pocket Pups

So inquest? Cent moms?

Fair use rationale for Image:ORHS och los go lo.jpg
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title: User talk:Pocket Pups


text:
Talk:Astrid Park

Stadium
More than name-dropping. Astrid was the Belgian Queen when she died in 1935. It is not unusual to name a stadion after a park, or inverse. In my memory, The Astid Park is a staduim. No problem. I suggest the article describes: differeces time and subject: DeMeir,- Astid, Park - Stadium, Andrelecht - others. Believe me. I'll read it. -DePiep 19:44, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Eh, second thought, should the current stadium of Anderlecht not be mentioned: (VandenStock)? And (!) is that not the stadium, formerly known as ... Astrid Pask.Se also: Dutch wiki. -DePiep 19:47, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

I don't think the stadium was ever called parc astrid!!! Prior to Constant Vanden Stock Stadium (i.e. before 1983), it was called Stade Emile Versé... Anyway, I removed the wrongly called part. Julien Tuerlinckx 08:35, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Astrid Park


text:
Toddy

Toddy may refer to:

Places

 * Toddy Bridge, a pedestrian bridge in Singapore
 * Toddy Pond, a pond in Antarctica
 * Todmorden, a town in Yorkshire, England, informally called Toddy

People

 * Ralph "Toddy" Giannini (1917–1996), American basketball player
 * Toddy Kehoe (1918–2024), Canadian politician, philanthropist and disabilities activist
 * Toddy Orlygsson (born 1966), Icelandic football player and manager
 * Toddy O'Sullivan (1934–2021), Irish politician
 * Toddy Puller (born 1945), American politician
 * Master Toddy (born 1953), Thai-American martial artist and trainer
 * Svetoslav Todorov (born 1978), Bulgarian footballer
 * Toddy Walters (born 1969), actress and singer/songwriter

Drinks

 * Toddy (PepsiCo), a powdered milk drink now marketed mainly in South America
 * Egg toddy, another name for eggnog
 * Hot toddy, a mixed drink served hot
 * Palm toddy or palm wine, an alcoholic beverage
 * Toddy palm, several species of palms used to produce palm toddy
 * Toddy shop, a drinking establishment where palm toddy is served
 * Toddy coffee, a cold water coffee brewing system

Other uses

 * Toddy, a nickname for a toddler
 * Toddy cat, an Asian palm civet

title: Toddy


text: Category:Prejudice and discrimination

title: Category:Prejudice and discrimination


text:
Talk:Hurricane preparedness in New Orleans

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Kneyra.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 00:05, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

article cleanup
The article was cleaned up and reorganized a bit. The references were checked and non-existant URLs were deleted. Dr. Cash 21:39, 2 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Again, good job. However, the lead section is too long... I'll try to get around to fix that sooner or later. Tito xd (?!? - help us) 21:35, 3 April 2006 (UTC)

Global warming
At least one user seems to have problems with the following section which I inserted:

"In planning flood defences the effect of global warming seems not to have been taken into account. Estimates after the fact that Katrina was "a one in 500 year event" did not include the possibility of increased frequency of extreme storms due to warming. There is evidence that the geographical distribution of extreme weather events is changing and the severity increasing. Insurance companies are taking these eventualities into account.

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency point out to the insurance industry that potential future impacts of global warming such as increased storm activity and severity could prove far more costly than hitherto, quoting recent statistics on number of disasters and insurance pay-outs[1]."

Is there a consensus that this is irrelevant? I don't think it is; ignoring the effect of global warming on frequency of severe events is certainly relevant to Hurricane preparedness. I'm sure that the text can be improved (this is always true), but it's not so bad as to require deleting, rather than improving.

Pol098 17:58, 11 April 2006 (UTC)

 * It is not entirely relevant. However the biggest problem I would have with it is that it is too vague and has no sources.  "There is evidence" - where?  "Insurance companies are taking these eventualities into account" - which ones, and how?  "The EPA point out" - when, who said it, in what press release? — jdorje (talk) 22:05, 11 April 2006 (UTC)

 * I am the one that keeps reverting this addition to Hurricane preparedness for New Orleans because (a) the information that you're adding regarding global warming has nothing to do with the 'hurricane preparedness' for New Orleans. And (b) you cite absolutely no references whatsoever, so you provide no basis or evidence for why you're doing this. Even with references, it still does not go into this article. Dr. Cash 17:48, 13 April 2006 (UTC)

 * (a) The relevance of global warming to hurricane preparedness: if global warming increases the incidence and severity of extreme events, then the level of preparedness needs to be higher. "Preparedness" which gets caught out by a "once in 500 year" event has serious defects if these events are actually becoming more frequent. (b) The EPA document I quoted acknowledges that there are more severe events, but without quoting specific research. I'll try to clarify and to document better. How about ? Pol098 00:01, 14 April 2006 (UTC)

 * |[3] does have some interesting information in it, but it doesn't even mention anything about increasing preparations for hurricanes due to global warming. You should read the Alternative theories regarding Hurricane Katrina article, as there is already a quite extensive section dealing with global warming there. You might consider adding your material there, but I still don't think it goes in an article dealing with preparedness for New Orleans specifically. Dr. Cash 02:21, 14 April 2006 (UTC)

 * A short blurb about how global warming might affect future hurricane preparations for the city is relevant to the article; however, I would think rising sea levels would be more of an issue here than greater frequency of intense hurricanes. In any case, any concrete claims need to be neutral and sourced. — jdorje (talk) 02:55, 14 April 2006 (UTC)

Article needs MAJOR work and expansion
While good work has been done on certain points, the general coverage of the actual subject of the article is very poor at present. Some points vitally important to any serious discussion of the subject which so far are largely or completely lacking: 1)The experience of New Orleans with hurricanes before Katrina 2)The infastructre of levees and drainage, and how it was modified due to hurricane experince and anticipation of repeats of similar conditions 3) Pre-Katrina hurricane evacuations 4) Use of the Superdome and other shelters in hurricanes before Katrina. -- Infrogmation 14:11, 12 May 2006 (UTC)

 * It's fine if you think the article needs major work and expansion. But please do not add empty section headers. If you're going to add a new section, PUT SOME TEXT IN IT! If you think a new section needs to be added, then please USE THE TALK PAGE to discuss it first. I will continue to revert this if you keep adding sections with blank information there. You also seem to have deleted major parts of the text. Dr. Cash 20:44, 25 May 2006 (UTC)

 * After looking at the changes that were made in a bit more details (yes, this required some time because the changes that were made were of very poor quality with lots of spelling mistakes; and the overuse of major section headers almost made my head asplode), it appears that someone was attempting to add some listing of historical hurricanes that have struck the city New Orleans in the past. Putting all of these different time categories into different main section headers is very confusing, and doesn't help the article at all. They should AT LEAST all be grouped as subsections under a common main section. Some of this could be relevant to be included in some way, but I don't think that adding this directly to this article is the best place for it. A listing of historical hurricanes would be best done as a separate article with a link in the 'see also' section. Dr. Cash 01:58, 26 May 2006 (UTC)
 * 1) The history is comprised of Hurricane Camille and Hurricane Betsy on the most notable category, and other hurricanes outside of that, which I can't remember off the top of my head.
 * 2) A lot of that information should go to Levee failures in Greater New Orleans, 2005 instead of here.
 * 3) That is already on Effect of Hurricane Katrina on New Orleans.
 * 4) That is already on Effect of Hurricane Katrina on New Orleans as well.
 * Tito xd (?!? - help us) 02:23, 26 May 2006 (UTC)

 * IMO having stub sections on important issues gives a better view of the subject and the current state of our coverage than does the removal of them. -- Infrogmation 22:39, 25 August 2006 (UTC)

Use of $ links
Is it necessary to link every $ on the page to United States Dollar? The links do not provide very much value, since very many people know about the USD and probably won't click through these links. I personally find it to be very distracting to read monetary figures with a blue unit of currency and black number. Does anyone else have any opinions about this? I apologize if wikipedia already has a policy on this and I'm just not aware of it. Cintrom 07:24, 2 June 2006 (UTC)

Useful link?
Is useful or not? Tito xd (?!?) 23:13, 25 February 2007 (UTC)

Poor Quality
This article contains misquoted links, and as a whole needs further cleanup. It contains unverified political rhetoric...and large sections of unverifiable statements. This is not a "B" class article. I am re-grading this article back to "start" class. — HRS IAM 02:42, 12 August 2007 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
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Requested move 9 April 2019

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: Moved to Hurricane preparedness in New Orleans. King of ♥   ♦   ♣  ♠ 02:50, 28 April 2019 (UTC)

Hurricane preparedness for New Orleans → ? – The current name is somewhat unfortunate. Although obviously meant in the sense of "as for New Orleans, hurricane preparedness", in haste I always see it as "preparedness of a hurricane for New Orleans" (rather than the other way around). I'm not sure whether to go with Hurricane preparedness in New Orleans or Hurricane preparedness of New Orleans. The "of" version is more logical to me since we're talking about preparations by the city and it's governing bodies, but the article already uses "in" in prose and I'm not a native English speaker.  Daß    Wölf  21:37, 9 April 2019 (UTC) --Relisting. B dash (talk) 03:32, 19 April 2019 (UTC)
 * Hurricane preparedness in New Orleans would be more correct in my opinon.Jason Rees (talk) 00:35, 16 April 2019 (UTC)

 * I think ' alternative is slightly better than the current title, however most of the pre-20th century content is unsourced and the post-20th century content largely focuses on government and administrative policy as opposed to general hurricane preparedness, so I would also support a move reflecting that. Something along the lines of New Orleans hurricane preparedness policy or Hurricane preparedness policy of New Orleans.  There aren't any other articles starting "Hurricane preparedness for", so consistency shouldn't be an issue.    SITH   (talk)   10:26, 17 April 2019 (UTC)
 * Looking over the article, I notice that it was developed in 2005 in response to Hurricane Katrina and that it hasn't really developed since. It is full of unsourced information that is only marginally related to Hurricane preparedness for New Orleans. As a result, I wonder if this article wouldn't be better split or deleted.Jason Rees (talk) 11:14, 17 April 2019 (UTC)
 * Support Hurricane preparedness in New Orleans per above; just look at the first sentence of the article. --Comment by  Selfie City  ( talk about my  contributions ) 13:29, 20 April 2019 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.


text:
Idiocracy

Idiocracy is a 2006 American science fiction comedy film directed by Mike Judge from a screenplay written by Judge and Etan Cohen. The plot follows United States Army librarian Joe Bauers and prostitute Rita, who undergo a government hibernation experiment. Joe and Rita awake five hundred years later in a dystopian anti-intellectual society. The cast includes Luke Wilson, Maya Rudolph, Dax Shepard, Terry Crews, David Herman, Justin Long, Andrew Wilson, and Brad Jordan.

The concept of Idiocracy dates back to a concept Judge envisioned in 1996. Judge finished a script with the working title 3001 in 2001, rewriting the film a year later. Filming took place throughout 2004 at Austin Studios and other cities in Texas. Idiocracy serves as a social satire that touches on issues including anti-intellectualism, commercialism, consumerism, dysgenics, voluntary childlessness, and overpopulation. 20th Century Fox was hesitant to promote the film, refusing to grant it a wide release, and did not screen the film for critics. The decision not to market Idiocracy was seen as unexpected, following the success of Office Space (1999), and led to speculation. According to Crews, the film's satirical depiction of corporations made the film financially unviable, while Judge attributed 20th Century Fox's decision to negative test screenings; Judge stated that 20th Century Fox believed that the film would develop a cult following through its DVD release, similar to Office Space.

The film was released in the United States on September 1, 2006. It was not screened for critics, and the distributor, 20th Century Fox, was accused of abandoning it. Despite its lack of a major theatrical release, which resulted in a mere $495,000 gross at the box office, the film received positive reviews from critics and has since become a cult film.

Plot
In 2005, United States Army librarian Joe Bauers is selected for a government suspended animation experiment as the most average individual in the armed forces. Lacking a suitable female candidate, the military hires a prostitute, Rita, by paying off her pimp, Upgrayedd, and dismissing charges against her. A scandal involving the officer overseeing the initiative and Upgrayedd forces the closure of the military base under which Joe and Rita were placed in hibernation, suspending the project indefinitely. Over the next five hundred years, average intelligence decreases due to societal expectations, discouraging well-educated individuals from having children as the less-educated reproduce indiscriminately; genetic engineering is forgone in favor of hair loss and erectile dysfunction treatments. As a result, infrastructure deteriorates, low comedy and explicitness defines culture, and consumerism is left unfettered.

Five hundred years later, a garbage avalanche disturbs Joe and Rita's hibernation chambers. Joe awakens in Frito Pendejo's apartment in previously-occupied Washington, D.C. Seeking assistance, Joe's higher register conflicts with average anti-intellectualism. He enters a hospital, believing the army administered hallucinogenic drugs to him. Joe realizes the year upon reading a magazine and his hospital bill, but he is arrested at a Carl's Jr. for not having a bar code tattoo and being unable to pay his bill. Joe is sent to trial; Frito represents Joe but alleges he destroyed his apartment. The judge perceives Joe to have an effeminate voice and homosexual demeanor, finding him guilty and sentencing him to prison. Rita resumes her job as a prostitute.

Joe is sent to a correctional facility, where a faulty identification machine registers his name as "Not Sure", and takes a simplified aptitude test. He escapes from prison after deceiving a guard by saying he had served his sentence and was scheduled for release. Joe visits Frito, who agrees to guide him to a time machine—located within a large Costco Wholesale store—after Joe promises to create a savings account in Frito's name, earning him billions in compound interest. With Rita, Joe and Frito enter the store, but Joe is arrested after his bar code is scanned. Joe is taken to the White House and appointed secretary of the interior by president Dwayne Elizondo Mountain Dew Herbert Camacho due to extraordinary performance on the aptitude test. In an address, Camacho states that Joe will resolve unfruitful crop yields, dust storms, and a stagnant economy, among other issues, within a week or face imprisonment.

Joe and Rita visit a crop field. Frito gives him an incomprehensible map to the time machine. Joe discovers that the country's crops are being watered with Brawndo, a sports drink whose parent company owns the Food and Drug Administration, the Department of Health and Human Services, and the Federal Communications Commission; the concentration of electrolytes in Brawndo has destroyed natural topsoil, causing dust storms. Despite opposition to his plan in the form of circular reasoning from the Cabinet, Joe convinced Camacho to use water instead of Brawndo in irrigation. Consequently, Brawndo—who employs half of the population—files for bankruptcy, inciting riots as immediate improvement to the crops did not materialize.

At the Extreme Court, Joe is sentenced to be publicly executed in a monster truck demolition derby against undefeated rehabilitation officer Beef Supreme. Rita and Frito discover that Joe's reintroduction of water to the soil allowed crops to grow. Rita pays a cameraman to broadcast the crops on the stadium's Jumbotron, prompting Camacho to grant Joe a presidential pardon. Joe discovers the time machine was an amusement ride, a detail Frito was aware of. Joe becomes president and marries Rita, with whom he has three children. Frito becomes vice president and has 32 children, all stated to be "the dumbest kids ever to walk the earth" in contrast to Joe and Rita's children, who are "the three smartest kids in the world."

Cast
Other cast members include David Herman as the secretary of state, Justin Long as doctor Lexus, Stephen Root as Judge Hector, Anthony "Citric" Campos as the Secretary of Defense, Thomas Haden Church as Brawndo's chief executive, and Sara Rue as the attorney general in an uncredited role.
 * Luke Wilson as Joe Bauers / Not Sure: A former librarian in the United States Army and eventually the president of the United States.
 * Maya Rudolph as Rita: A prostitute and eventually the first lady of the United States.
 * Dax Shepard as Frito Pendejo: A lawyer and eventually the vice president of the United States.
 * Terry Crews as Dwayne Elizondo Mountain Dew Herbert Camacho: The president of the United States.
 * Andrew Wilson as Beef Supreme: A rehabilitation officer
 * Brad Jordan as Upgrayedd: A pimp

Themes
The idea of a dystopian society based on dysgenics can be traced back to the work of eugenicist Sir Francis Galton. H. G. Wells' 1895 novel The Time Machine postulates a society of humans which has devolved due to lack of challenges, while the "Epsilon-minus Semi-Morons" of Aldous Huxley's 1932 novel Brave New World have been intentionally bred to provide a low-grade workforce; perhaps the best parallel is provided by the 1951 short story "The Marching Morons" by Cyril M. Kornbluth.

Production
Early working titles included The United States of Uhh-merica and 3001. Filming took place in 2004 on several stages at Austin Studios and in the Texas cities of Austin, San Marcos, Pflugerville, and Round Rock. Test screenings around March 2005 produced unofficial reports of poor audience reactions. After some re-shooting in the summer of 2005, a UK test screening in August produced a report of a positive impression.

Release
Idiocracy's original release date was August 5, 2005, according to Mike Judge. In April 2006, a release date was set for September 1, 2006. In August, numerous articles revealed that release was to be put on hold indefinitely. Idiocracy was released as scheduled but only in seven cities (Los Angeles, Atlanta, Toronto, Chicago, Dallas, Houston, and Mike Judge's hometown, Austin, Texas), and expanded to only 130 theaters, not the usual wide release of 600 or more theaters. According to the Austin American-Statesman, 20th Century Fox, the film's distributor, was entirely absent in promoting the feature; while posters were released to theaters, "no movie trailers, no ads, and only two stills", and no press kits were released.

The film was not screened for critics. Lack of concrete information from Fox led to speculation that the distributor may have actively tried to keep the film from being seen by a large audience, while fulfilling a contractual obligation for theatrical release ahead of a DVD release, according to Ryan Pearson of the AP. That speculation was followed by open criticism of the studio's lack of support from Ain't It Cool News, Time, and Esquire. Time's Joel Stein wrote "the film's ads and trailers tested atrociously", but, "still, abandoning Idiocracy seems particularly unjust, since Judge has made a lot of money for Fox."

In The New York Times, Dan Mitchell argued that Fox might be shying away from the cautionary tale about low-intelligence dysgenics because the company did not want to offend either its viewers or potential advertisers portrayed negatively in the film. This theory has been given extra weight by Terry Crews, who stars in the movie as President Camacho. In a 2018 interview with GQ Magazine, he talked of advertisers being unhappy at the way they were portrayed, which affected the studio's efforts to promote the movie. He said, "The rumor was, because we used real corporations in our comedy (I mean, Starbucks was giving hand jobs) these companies gave us their name thinking they were gonna get 'pumped up', and then we're like, 'Welcome to Costco, we love you' [delivered in monotone]. All these real corporations were like, 'Wait a minute, wait a minute' ... there were a lot of people trying to back out, but it was too late. And so Fox, who owned the movie, decided, 'We're going to release this in as few theaters as legally possible'. So it got a release in, probably, three theaters over one weekend and it was sucked out, into the vortex".

In 2017, Judge told The New York Times that the film's lack of marketing and wide release was the result of negative test screenings. He added that Fox subsequently decided to not give the film a strong marketing push because the distributor believed it would develop a cult following through word-of-mouth and recoup its budget through home video sales, as Judge's previous film Office Space had.

Reception
Although it was not screened in advance for critics, Idiocracy received positive reviews. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a score of 71%, with an average rating of 6.4/10, based on 52 reviews. The website's "Critics Consensus" for the film reads, "Frustratingly uneven yet enjoyable overall, Idiocracy skewers society's devolution with an amiably goofy yet deceptively barbed wit." On Metacritic, the film has a score of 66 out of 100, based on reviews from 12 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".

Los Angeles Times reviewer Carina Chocano described it as "spot on" satire and a "pitch-black, bleakly hilarious vision of an American future", although the "plot, naturally, is silly and not exactly bound by logic. But it's Judge's gimlet-eyed knack for nightmarish extrapolation that makes Idiocracy a cathartic delight." In an Entertainment Weekly review, Joshua Rich gave the film an "EW Grade" of "D", stating that "Mike Judge implores us to reflect on a future in which Britney and K-Fed are like the new Adam and Eve." The A.V. Club's Nathan Rabin found Luke Wilson "perfectly cast ... as a quintessential everyman"; and wrote of the film "Like so much superior science fiction, Idiocracy uses a fantastical future to comment on a present. ... There's a good chance that Judge's smartly lowbrow Idiocracy will be mistaken for what it's satirizing." Gerald Casale, a founding member of the new wave band Devo, said Idiocracy is "the movie Devo should have made."

The film was also well received in other countries. John Patterson, critic for The Guardian, wrote, "Idiocracy isn't a masterpiece—Fox seems to have stiffed Judge on money at every stage—but it's endlessly funny", and of the film's popularity, described seeing the film "in a half-empty house. Two days later, same place, same show—packed-out." Brazilian news magazine Veja called the film "politically incorrect", recommending that readers see the DVD and wrote "the film went flying through [American] theaters and did not open in Brazil. Proof that the future contemplated by Judge is not that far away."

Critic Alexandre Koball of the Brazilian website CinePlayers.com gave the movie a score of 5 out of 5. Another staff reviewer wrote, "Idiocracy is not exactly ... funny nor ... innovative but it's a movie to make you think, even if for five minutes. And for that it manages to stay one level above the terrible average of comedy movies released in the last years in the United States."

Home media
Idiocracy was released on DVD on January 9, 2007. It has earned $9 million on DVD rentals, over 20 times its gross domestic box office revenue of under $450,000. In the UK, uncut versions of the film were shown on satellite channel Sky Comedy on February 26, 2009, with the Freeview premiere shown on Film4 on April 26, 2009.

Spin-offs
In August 2012, Crews said he was in talks with director Judge and Fox over a possible Idiocracy spin-off featuring his President Camacho character, initially conceived as a web series. A week before the 2012 elections, he reprised the character in a series of short sketches for Funny or Die. Before the 2016 presidential election, Rolling Stone published an article stating that Judge and Cohen would produce Idiocracy-themed campaign ads opposing Donald Trump's presidential campaign if given permission from Fox to do so. Crews later told Business Insider that the ads would not go forward as planned, but that they would have featured Camacho wrestling in a cage match against the other candidates.

Legacy
During the 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries, the film's co-writer Etan Cohen and others expressed opinions that the film's predictions were converging on accuracy,   a sentiment repeated by director Judge during the elections that year. At the time, Judge also compared Republican presidential nominee Donald Trump—who was later elected president—to the film's pro wrestler-turned-president Camacho. When asked about predicting the future, he quipped, "I'm no prophet, I was off by 490 years."

Comparisons have been made between the film and Trump's presidency. An article for Collider pointed out the ways in which Trump's positions echoed the political decisions of the characters in the film in areas such as science, business, entertainment, environment, healthcare, law enforcement, and politics. Internet memes have spawned comparisons to Trump and characters in the film.

title: Idiocracy


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User:RennyBA

Hello Wikipedia friends! I'm new to this and really want to experience and explore the power of the Net by using this great offer in CyberSpace. Mybe one day I dare to post and article or two as well. We'll see! See you! --RennyBA 19:46, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

title: User:RennyBA


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N82 road

The N82 road was a national secondary road in Ireland, and was located entirely in Dublin. The route was designated along the Citywest Road, which runs through the Citywest Business Campus between the N81 west of Tallaght and the Citywest Interchange of the N7 (Junction 3).

The nearby Belgard Road also connects the N7 and N81, as does the M50, but these are further in towards Dublin city along the busy and congested N7 road.

History
Prior to 2006, the N82 route was designated as following the Mill Road through Saggart, between the N81 west of Tallaght and the N7 near Rathcoole.

The Citywest Route however was signposted as the N82 prior to the updating of the statutes in 2006 (and was marked on maps as such). Such circumstances are not unusual in Ireland; generally as soon as new road schemes are completed along national roads, the route designation is applied along the new road with new signage. To add to the confusion; in addition to the lack of statute updates (2006 being the first major update since 1994), old signage is often not removed from the original route (e.g. N7 national primary road (white on green) signage along the R445).

The old N82 route was signed as the N82 as well as the former route until late 2007.

The N82 road was redesignated as the L2011 local road in 2012.

Trivia
The route was urban over its entire length, which, at just over 2 km made the N82 by far the shortest national secondary road. Despite being recently built it had no hard shoulders, bus lanes or cycle tracks; it was single carriageway narrow two-lane road and had 6 roundabouts in those 2 kilometres.

The road was constructed in phases by the private developer of Citywest Business Campus to serve the development and handed over on completion of the final link between the N7 and the N81 to South Dublin County Council.

title: N82 road


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Graham Higman

Graham Higman FRS (19 January 1917 – 8 April 2008) was a prominent English mathematician known for his contributions to group theory.

Biography
Higman was born in Louth, Lincolnshire, and attended Sutton High School, Plymouth, winning a scholarship to Balliol College, Oxford. In 1939 he co-founded The Invariant Society, the student mathematics society, and earned his DPhil from the University of Oxford in 1941. His thesis, The units of group-rings, was written under the direction of J. H. C. Whitehead. From 1960 to 1984 he was the Waynflete Professor of Pure Mathematics at Magdalen College, Oxford.

Higman was awarded the Senior Berwick Prize in 1962 and the De Morgan Medal of the London Mathematical Society in 1974. He was the founder of the Journal of Algebra and its editor from 1964 to 1984. Higman had 51 D.Phil. students, including Jonathan Lazare Alperin, Rosemary A. Bailey, Marston Conder, John Mackintosh Howie, and Peter M. Neumann.

He was also a local preacher in the Oxford Circuit of the Methodist Church. During the Second World War he was a conscientious objector, working at the Meteorological Office in Northern Ireland and Gibraltar.

He died in Oxford.

Publications

 * Graham Higman (1966) Odd characterisations of finite simple groups, U. of Michigan Press
 * Graham Higman and Elizabeth Scott (1988), Existentially closed groups, LMS Monographs, Clarendon Press, Oxford
 * Graham Higman (1966) Odd characterisations of finite simple groups, U. of Michigan Press
 * Graham Higman and Elizabeth Scott (1988), Existentially closed groups, LMS Monographs, Clarendon Press, Oxford
 * Graham Higman and Elizabeth Scott (1988), Existentially closed groups, LMS Monographs, Clarendon Press, Oxford

title: Graham Higman


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Richard P. Binzel

Richard "Rick" P. Binzel (born 1958) is an American astronomer and professor of planetary sciences at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). He is a discoverer of minor planets, photometrist and the inventor of the Torino Scale, a method for categorizing the impact hazard associated with near-Earth objects such as asteroids and comets. He is also a frequent trip leader for the MIT Alumni Association.

Biography and honors
Binzel was awarded the H. C. Urey Prize by the American Astronomical Society in 1991. He also was awarded a "MacVicar Faculty Fellowship" for teaching excellence at MIT in 1994. He is a co-investigator on the OSIRIS-REx mission.

Binzel was on the "Planet Definition Committee" that developed the proposal to the International Astronomical Union's meeting in Prague in 2006 on whether Pluto should be considered a planet. Their proposal was revised during the meeting and Pluto is now considered a dwarf planet. However, Richard Binzel has strong feelings contrary to this collective decision and would prefer for Pluto to still be classified as having full planet status.

Binzel is an editor of the books Seventy-five years of Hirayama asteroid families : the role of collisions in the Solar System history ISBN 0-937707-82-1 and Asteroids II ISBN 0-8165-1123-3. He is General Editor of the University of Arizona Space Science Series.

Richard Binzel assists his family in raising guide dog puppies for Guiding Eyes for the Blind. His favorite dog was their fourth, Skyler. He is also a frequent leader with the MIT Alumni Association.

The main-belt asteroid 2873 Binzel, discovered by Edward Bowell at Anderson Mesa Station, was named in his honor.

title: Richard P. Binzel


text: User talk:68.83.248.109

title: User talk:68.83.248.109


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American Public School Endowments

The American Public School Endowments, or APSE, is a national outgrowth of The Acadiana Educational Endowment, based in Lafayette, Louisiana.

APSE distributes funds generated from its nonprofit bookstore booksXYZ.com, writes grants, and seeks to build collaboration with news and Internet media, and other nonprofit organizations, to improve education across the United States. One of its current foci is bringing Open Source technologies into schools.

Related links

 * The Acadiana Educational Endowment
 * The American Public School Endowments
 * booksXYZ.com

title: American Public School Endowments


text: User:Xiong/Pix

title: User:Xiong/Pix


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Philip Andrewes

Philip W. Andrewes (September 6, 1941) is a former politician in Ontario, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1981 to 1987, and was a cabinet minister in the governments of Bill Davis and Frank Miller. Andrewes was a member of the Progressive Conservative Party.

Early life
Andrewes was born in Beamsville, Ontario, and received a Bachelor of Science degree from the Ontario Agricultural College at the University of Guelph. He worked as a fruit grower before entering political life.

Political career
He was elected to the Ontario legislature in the 1981 provincial election, defeating Liberal incumbent Ross Hall by 394 votes in the Lincoln constituency. He was appointed to Davis's cabinet on July 6, 1983 as Minister of Energy. Andrewes supported Frank Miller to succeed Davis in the Progressive Conservative Party's January 1985 leadership convention, and was appointed Minister of Agriculture and Food when Miller became Premier of Ontario on February 8, 1985.

Andrewes was re-elected in the 1985 election with an increased plurality, although the Progressive Conservatives were reduced to a fragile minority government in the legislature. He was promoted to Minister of Health on May 17, 1985, but accomplished little in the department before the Conservatives were defeated in the legislature a month later. In opposition, Andrewes served as his party's critic for Health and Energy.

He lost the Lincoln constituency by 1,036 votes to Liberal Harry Pelissero by in the 1987 election, amid a Liberal sweep of the province.

After politics
After leaving politics, he served for many years as chair of the board of directors for Agricorp, an Ontario crown corporation. He stepped down in 2005.

title: Philip Andrewes


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Santillana del Mar

Santillana del Mar is a historic town situated in Cantabria, Spain. Its many historic buildings attract thousands of visitors every year.

There is an old saying that Santillana del Mar is The Town of Three Lies, since it is neither a Saint (Santo), nor flat (llana), nor is it by the sea (Mar) as implied by its name. However, the name actually derives from Santa Juliana (or Santa Illana) whose remains are kept in the Colegiata, a Romanesque church and former Benedictine monastery. The UNESCO World Heritage Site Cave of Altamira is nearby.

Localities
The 3,983 inhabitants (INE, 2006) are distributed as follows:
 * Arroyo, 43 pop.
 * Camplengo, 201 pop.
 * Herrán, 204 pop.
 * Mijares, 124 pop.
 * Queveda, 586 pop.
 * Santillana del Mar (capital), 1.108 pop.
 * Ubiarco, 246 pop.
 * Vispieres, 337 hab.
 * Viveda, 1.069 pop.
 * Yuso, 65 pop.

Wi-Fi hotspot
The municipality of Santillana del Mar has launched the creation of free internet access in the village for both residents and tourists, and has promised broadband connection for the entire municipality.

Notable people
Santillana (born 1952), footballer

In literature
The protagonist of the novel Gil Blas was born in Santillana.

In his philosophical novel La Nausée, Jean-Paul Sartre described Santillana as the prettiest village in Spain ("le plus joli village d'Espagne").

title: Santillana del Mar


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Than Van Truong

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was to delete the article. --Canderson7 14:28, 25 September 2005 (UTC)

Than Van Truong
delete information from a non neutral point of view site 205.188.117.71
 * Huh? Did you mean to vote keep?---CH  (talk) 08:11, 12 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete not much information to build on. Abstrakt
 * Delete Unverifiable, and while tragic if true, Wikipedia is not a propaganda machine. Author should write good and NPOV articles on political prisoners, religous prisoners, etc., and oganizations around the world which help them, etc., rather than incoherent pleas to help one person whose case is not even adequately or verifiably described.  Only very rarely would a single prisoner deserve an individual article, I think.  Someone like Nelson Mandela, yes.  Aung San Suu Kyi, yes.  But very few individual political/religious prisoners have real notability.---CH  (talk) 08:11, 12 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Being a prisoner is not necessarily notable. 78 unique Google hits but most seem to be from non-mainstream religious blogs and such ("END-TIMES NEWS!!") all of which have plenty of outrage but very little actual info, and nothing from neutral or mainstream news sites as far as I can tell.  I wouldn't consider this verifiable or notable. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  16:50, 16 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Having been prisoner of the month of the International Society for Human Rights results in notability.

Sarcelles 21:11, 16 September 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.