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Talk:Phillips Ranch, Pomona, California

finally, Phillips Ranch has a wiki, now i can learn about the place i live. It's cool, it's different then downtown pomona. Cleaner and Phillips Ranch is quiet during the night. - Chris

Should be "Phillips Ranch, Pomona, California"
Yet another community wishing they weren't in the city there in. (See Anaheim Hills). I think the running concensus is to prefix the community name in front of the name of city article. --MarsRover 05:00, 11 September 2006 (UTC)

City Government entry
The paragraph about Steve Lustro is oddly out of place, has no citations, and reads like a campaign advertisement. I don’t think this is up to the standards of a Wikipedia page. 172.251.24.87 (talk) 00:12, 31 January 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Phillips Ranch, Pomona, California


text:
Talk:Owen Garvan

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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Owen Garvan


text:
Tim Moore (writer)

Tim Moore (born 18 May 1964 in Chipping Norton, Oxfordshire ) is a British travel writer and humourist. He was educated at Latymer Upper School in Hammersmith. In addition to his nine published travelogues to date, his writings have appeared in various publications including Esquire, The Sunday Times, The Independent, The Observer and the Evening Standard. He was also briefly a journalist for the Teletext computer games magazine Digitiser, under the pseudonym Mr Hairs, alongside Mr Biffo (aka comedy and sitcom writer Paul Rose.)

His book Frost On My Moustache is an account of a journey in which the author attempts to emulate Lord Dufferin's fearless spirit and enthusiastic adventuring, but comes to identify far more with Dufferin's permanently miserable butler, Wilson, as portrayed in Dufferin's travel book Letters From High Latitudes. The book title refers to a joke Moore retells to his Scandinavian shipmates: "An Eskimo calls out a repair man to check his car. The mechanic checks under the bonnet and then offers a diagnosis: "Looks like you've blown a seal, mate." "No," says the driver, nervously fingering his upper lip, "it's just frost on my moustache.""

In 2004, Moore presented an ITV programme based on his book Do Not Pass Go, a travelogue of his journey around the locations that appear on a British Monopoly board.

In 2014, Moore released his 9th book, ''Gironimo! Riding the Very Terrible 1914 Tour of Italy'', which recounts his 2012 recreation of the difficult 1914 Giro d'Italia. For the recreation he used a period bicycle and wore a reproduction period costume. The book was featured as Book of the Week on BBC Radio 4 in May 2014.

Personal life
Moore lives in Chiswick, West London with his Icelandic partner Birna Helgadóttir and their three children. He is also a brother-in-law of Agnar Helgason and Asgeir Helgason, and son-in-law of Helgi Valdimarsson.

title: Tim Moore (writer)


text: User talk:194.158.222.26

title: User talk:194.158.222.26


text: User talk:158.103.0.1

title: User talk:158.103.0.1


text:
Talk:Id (Xenogears)

This info really should only be in the Supporting Characters (Xenogears) page or a comprehensive page about Fei Fong Wong (that would include Fei, Abel, Lacan, Kim, Grahf, and Id). -ArcTheLad 18:07, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Id (Xenogears)


text:
Tweaker (band)

Tweaker is an American alternative rock collaboration project band founded by Chris Vrenna in the late 1990s. Tweaker's musical style incorporates synthpop, progressive rock, modern jazz and electronica genres, and is characterized by a generally melancholy and somber sound with matching artwork.

History
The album The Attraction to All Things Uncertain was Vrenna's "solo" debut and it was not until the follow-up album, 2 a.m. Wakeup Call, that Clint Walsh was announced as a permanent fixture to the band. While Vrenna and Walsh supply most instruments and electronics, many other musicians contributed to Tweaker's performances and recordings, including Robert Smith, David Sylvian, Burton C. Bell, Craig Wedren, Will Oldham, Hamilton Leithauser, Buzz Osborne, Jonathan Bates and Johnny Marr. The subsequent albums followed a preset central theme.

Tweaker wrote and performed the theme music to Doom 3, of which the theme song was released via the band's website. The rest of the soundtrack is accessible from the game's files. Tweaker also composed the theme music for the animated television show Xiaolin Showdown. Unlike the band's usual synthpop, shoegaze, modern jazz, Dark Ambient and industrial sound, the Doom 3 theme was mainly heavy metal.

In 2004, Tweaker opened for Skinny Puppy on select dates with a full live band, consisting of Chris Vrenna (drums, percussion and keyboard), Clint Walsh (guitar and keyboard), William Faith (bass guitar) and Nick Young (vocals). They performed everything live (i.e., no pre-recorded tape), although they did have to alter some of their songs to fit the live format — the most extreme case being a completely revamped rock version of "Microsize Boy". The final performance on the tour was at QuakeCon 2005 in Dallas, TX.

Official members

 * Chris Vrenna
 * Clint Walsh

Studio albums

 * The Attraction to All Things Uncertain (September 18, 2001)
 * 2 a.m. Wakeup Call (April 20, 2004)
 * Call the Time Eternity (October 23, 2012)

Remix albums

 * And Then There's Nothing (November 26, 2013)

EPs

 * Linoleum (August 21, 2001)

Singles

 * Linoleum (2001)
 * Xiaolin Showdown (2003)
 * The Steel Box (2019)

title: Tweaker (band)


text:
AIM-152 AAAM

The AIM-152 Advanced Air-to-Air Missile (AAAM) was a long-range air-to-air missile developed by the United States. The AIM-152 was intended to serve as the successor to the AIM-54 Phoenix. The program went through a protracted development stage but was never adopted by the United States Navy, due to the ending of the Cold War and the reduction in threat of its perceived primary target, Soviet supersonic bombers. Development was cancelled in 1992.

Overview
The AIM-152 originated in a U.S. Navy requirement for an advanced air-to-air missile to replace the AIM-54 Phoenix. By the mid-1980s, the Phoenix was seen to be no longer cutting edge, and the Navy wanted a long-range missile to counter the Soviet Tu-22M Backfire and Tu-160 Blackjack long-range supersonic bombers. The goal was to produce a smaller and lighter weapon than the Phoenix, with equal or better range and a flight speed of Mach 3 or more. The missile would be mounted on the F-14 Tomcat as well as its planned successor from the Navy Advanced Tactical Fighter (NATF) program.

Some of the systems considered for the missile had already been evaluated by the China Lake Naval Weapons Center in the early 1980s as part of the Advanced Common Intercept Missile Demonstration (ACIMD) program. ACIMD missiles had been built, but none had flown by the time the project was canceled. In 1987, Hughes/Raytheon and General Dynamics/Westinghouse were selected to produce competing designs for the AIM-152.

The Hughes/Raytheon design was largely based on the ACIMD missile, with a hybrid ramjet/solid rocket engine, which offered high speeds. The missile would use an inertial guidance system with terminal guidance provided by active radar homing—a mode of flight that would later be employed in the AIM-120 AMRAAM. An infrared terminal homing seeker was also planned, which would allow the missile to engage without actively emitting and alerting the target.

The GD/Westinghouse design was smaller, with a multiple-pulse pure solid rocket motor. It also had an inertial guidance system, but midcourse updating was provided via a dual-band semi-active radar. Terminal guidance was via an electro-optical sensor, with a backup infrared seeker also included. One flaw of semi-active radar homing is that the launch aircraft must illuminate the target with its radar during flight, meaning that it must fly towards the enemy and so expose itself to greater danger. GD/Westinghouse planned to avoid this by equipping the launching aircraft with a radar pod that could illuminate the target from both forward and aft, allowing it to turn and escape while still providing a target for the missile.

With the fall of the Soviet Union, the threat from Russian bombers effectively ended, and since no other nation could match the previous threat, the AAAM was left without an enemy to defend against. The project was canceled in 1992, shortly after the YAIM-152A designation had been given to the two prototypes.

With the phasing out of the Phoenix missile, the US Navy lost its long-range AAM capability, instead adopting the AIM-120 Advanced Medium Range Air-to-Air Missile (AMRAAM). While early variants of the AMRAAM had a range of only 20-30 mi (32-48 km), the loss of the AIM-54 Phoenix’s range would eventually be offset with later AMRAAM variants, with the AIM-120D capable of 100-112 mi (161-180 km) launches.

Specifications
(Note that the YAIM-152A missiles were never built, and as a result any specifications are speculative.)

Hughes/Raytheon :
 * Length: 3.66 m (12 ft)
 * Diameter: 231 mm (9 in)
 * Weight: < 300 kg (660 lb)
 * Speed: > Mach 3
 * Range: > 185 km (115 miles) (100 nm)
 * Propulsion: Rocket/ramjet engine
 * Warhead: 14 to 23 kg (30 to 50 lb) blast-fragmentation

GD/Westinghouse :
 * Length: 3.66 m (12 ft)
 * Diameter: 140 mm (5.5 in)
 * Weight: 172 kg (380 lb)
 * Speed: > Mach 3
 * Range: > 185 km (100 nm) (115 miles)
 * Propulsion: Multiple-pulse solid-propellant rocket
 * Warhead: 14 to 23 kg (30 to 50 lb) blast-fragmentation

title: AIM-152 AAAM


text:
British Rail Class 74

The British Rail Class 74 was an electro-diesel locomotive that operated on the Southern Region of British Railways, rebuilt from redundant Class 71 locomotives in the late 1960s. An electro-diesel locomotive is one that can operate either from an electrical supply, such as overhead catenary or (in this case) an energised third rail, or from an onboard diesel engine. All were withdrawn between June 1976 and December 1977, and scrapped between 1977 and 1981.

History
Twenty-four British Rail Class 71 (pre-TOPS type HA) locomotives were built in 1958 at the British Rail works in Doncaster. Ten of these were deemed surplus to requirements and placed in storage in 1964. The work to convert these to electro-diesels was originally to have taken place at the Southern Region works at Eastleigh, but their involvement in new build EMUs for the Bournemouth electrification meant that Crewe Works was chosen for the rebuilds. The redundant HA locomotives were moved in groups to Crewe where they were rebuilt into type HB/Class 74 electro-diesels; the first rebuilt example working under its own power from Crewe to Stewarts Lane depot on 10 November 1967. Buckeye couplers and high-level, or 'bagpipe', control & brake jumpers were fitted to facilitate working with other EP stock - especially TC units in push-pull mode. Also, two-tone "raspberry" air horns were mounted on the cab roof, replacing the original air whistle of Class 71 locomotives.

They were intended especially for use on the boat trains to Southampton and Weymouth, as both routes included sections of non-electrified track and tramway along the public thoroughfare. The elimination of the locomotive change (at either Eastleigh (for Southampton) or Bournemouth) was envisaged and their dual power capability would greatly accelerate timings and reduce operational complexity.

Originally, plans had been to number them E7001–E7010, but once rebuilt they were numbered E6101–E6110 instead. Later they were given TOPS numbers 74001–74010.

Power supply
In common with the first SR DC electric locomotives (Class 70), Class 74 utilised a booster set (a motor-generator and flywheel combination) to overcome the problem of gapping. Booster set 836/2D had been designed by English Electric for use in Class 71 and this was retained in the rebuild, although weight considerations meant that the flywheel assembly, separate auxiliary generator and traction motor blowers were removed (the latter leading to the decision to downrate the traction motors). The compact size of the booster permitted a small diesel engine and generator inside the body shell (only a single booster was used in Classes 71 & 74 unlike the two of Class 70). Thus, these locomotives could operate either from a third rail supply at 650 V DC (Eastern & Central sections), 750 V DC (Western section) or from their Paxman 6YJXL 'Ventura' diesel engine, downrated to 650 hp in order to extend service intervals. BR already had 77 locomotives using this model of engine; 57 Class 14s and a further 20 Class 29s. The Class 71's pantograph for overhead current collection was not retained.

Complications with rebuild
The bodies of Class 71 locomotives were not designed to be structural components capable of carrying any weight, following the principle of earlier designs in that the underframe was the main structural member of the locomotive while the body served primarily as weatherproofing. In August 1966, after initial strip-down and examination of E5016, engineers were forced to re-assess the build when it became apparent that the planned equipment changes could not be accommodated. Although at one point it was mooted that the body would have to be divided and lengthened, the problem was eventually resolved by rebuilding the bodies with a Warren truss framework and outriggers to support the curved body skin. Translucent roof panels were fitted to increase daytime illumination in the engine room. Modifications were also made to the locations of the cooler groups, water tanks, and exhaust silencer.

Electronic traction control
Obtaining a DC supply controlled by rectifiers requires an AC power source. Consequently, the existing auxiliary generator was converted to a three-phase alternator with automatic voltage regulator. This arrangement gives improved control of traction current over conventional rheostatic systems and permits fine control when starting a train. The system also functioned as form of wheel slip protection by regulating traction current voltage and supply across all the locomotive's traction motors at once. Normally a driver has to maintain tractive effort well below the rail adhesion limit to give themselves time to respond to wheel slip. The constant current systems of Class 74 were designed to allow the driver to apply power very near the limit of adhesion and the booster output is regulated in such a way that the maximum current of any traction motor group does not exceed the selected value. Thus, even when one axle starts slipping, the voltage across the whole group of motors cannot rise because current in the non-slipping motors is fixed. As one motor begins to slip, its current consumption drops (electric motors use greatest current when stalled and least while free-running) which provides more current for the non-slipping motor. The voltage drops proportionately and the slipping motor – now partly deprived of power – begins to slow, which stops the slipping and returns the traction system to the state it was in before slip set in; thus torque can be maintained at a point just below friction break-away.

The power controller, though capable of infinite variability, was notched so that Class 74 locomotives could work with Class 73/1s and any electro-pneumatically controlled ('Blue Star' coupling code) Type 2, 3, or 4 diesel locomotive. Two constant voltage notches were provided for slow-speed control of shunting and coupling-up. Three further notches spaced out over the power range corresponded to the 'Series, Parallel, Weak-Field' (2, 3 & 4) progression used on power controllers for multiple-unit stock.

Control equipment was designed on the 'Line Replaceable Unit' (LRU) ethos and consisted of 'trays' of circuit boards and equipment arranged in two cabinets. The first contained the usual circuit breakers, relays, reversers, and so forth. The second also housed standard equipment but additionally included the complex electronic control circuits that ultimately were the un-doing of the class. The equipment trays were equipped with test connectors and could be slid into and out of the relevant cabinet with ease when the locomotive was shut down. Maintenance staff were provided with testing units that would connect to the trays and compare the electrical signals and stimuli on the test socket with the design values. If any anomaly was detected, the whole tray was replaced and the locomotive could – in theory – be returned to service with minimal disruption. The theory, however, did not fully account for the fact that faults in one tray might only present themselves in combination with faults on other trays, which sometimes lead to locomotives being kept out of service for long periods of time while in-depth investigations were undertaken.

Nevertheless, advances in power control technology – particularly solid-state electronics – allowed similar arrangements to be adopted reliably by other manufacturers and operators within ten years' time.

Operations
The Paxman engine of Class 74 was marginally more powerful than Class 73's English Electric engine, but significantly less reliable. The Paxman was also noisy (due to the silencer being mounted in the roof very near the cab) and difficult to start on occasion, which reduced flexibility. Until four additional 4-REP units were built in 1973 and 1974, Class 74 locomotives operated regular daytime passenger turns including Waterloo–Weymouth services as far as Bournemouth. Subsequently, their only regular non-freight workings were on night mail and newspaper trains to and from Bournemouth, the Weymouth boat trains, and Southampton 'Ocean Liner Specials'. These trains ran to/from both Southampton Western and Eastern Docks.

In practice, Class 74s were a rare visitor to Weymouth because failures while running on diesel were common and disruptive, and they were usually replaced on Weymouth trains at Bournemouth by Class 33 diesels for the final leg of the journey. This continuing unreliability bred mistrust of the class within BR, negating the point of acquiring them as higher-power diesels. They did remain in frequent use on services to Southampton Ocean terminal, but as this required only a few miles of diesel-powered running – and on a branch line rather than a main – the potential for disruption to other services was reduced. These problems were compounded by the difficulties faced in maintaining the locomotives' control systems, which were both more complicated and less reliable than those fitted to the Class 73 fleet, and Class 74s came to be unpopular with crew and fitters alike.

When in good order they were judged to be sprightly performers, and the electronic traction control meant that acceleration was equally solid on both diesel and electric power sources. When running on the diesel engine, however, available power was pretty much exhausted by the time 60 or was reached even when hauling 'normal' loads – as after losses and auxiliary loads were considered the engine's continuous at-rail power output topped out at only 315 hp.

They were regular visitors to the London area, often running on London Midland Region and Western Region tracks. In the early half of the 1970s, milk trains for the Southern Region were a staple for the class as far as Acton Yard, requiring diesel power from Clapham Junction through Kensington and onto the Western Region mainline.

Although their multiple-working abilities allowed them to work with other locomotives of Classes 73 and 74, EP multiple unit stock, and any Blue Star fitted mainline diesel locomotive, multiple operations were exceptionally rare other than on the frequent balancing runs between their home depot of Eastleigh and their day-time out-stations of either Clapham Junction yard or Stewarts Lane depot, in readiness for night-time postal and newspaper trains from London Waterloo. These were nearly always pairs running light-engine or occasionally combined with empty coaching stock (ECS) moves.

The entire class was allocated to Eastleigh depot for their operational life. In common with Class 73, Class 74 locomotives were sent to Crewe Electric TMD for heavy maintenance up until 1972, after which Eastleigh took over all works for both classes.

Withdrawal
In 1976, the first example was withdrawn: 74006 (originally E6106) was damaged by fire and judged to be beyond economical repair.

By the mid-1970s, electronics technology had advanced sufficiently that the fleet's unreliable electronic systems could potentially have been upgraded or even replaced entirely; something that British Rail had recently demonstrated a willingness to do with the AC electric locomotives of Classes 82, 83, and 84. However, while the AC locomotives were needed to cover services on newly-electrified sections of the West Coast Main Line, the work for which the Class 74 fleet had been built was drying up. Boat trains were greatly reduced in number, and many of those that remained had switched to being worked by multiple units. Freight and parcels demand on the Southern Region was also contracting. In July 1977, 74002 was withdrawn following a collision, and the following month BR decided not to repair 74009 after it suffered a failure. The remaining seven members of the class were withdrawn en masse on 31 December 1977, whereupon they languished at Eastleigh depot for a period of many months before being sent for scrap. The final extant locomotive, 74005, was broken-up at Fratton Traincare Depot near Portsmouth in January 1981.

Locomotive 74010 was given a brief reprieve so that it could be for evaluated for departmental use by the Railway Technical Centre in Derby. It was given a light overhaul at Eastleigh before being towed to Derby, where it was eventually deemed to be unsuitable and subsequently scrapped at Doncaster Works in 1979.

Models
Worsley Works manufacture a nickel-silver body kit (as an aid to scratch-building) in a variety of scales from 2 mm to 4 mm.

Silver Fox Models manufactures a 4 mm resin body kit to mount on a donor chassis, with the option to purchase a ready-to-run version.

title: British Rail Class 74


text:
User:Ebuzzmaster

Ebuzzmaster

Areas of expertise are online marketing, search engine optimization, search marketing, Internet technology and market research.

And to pre-empt the obvious question, the user name comes from:

e= E-commerce

buzz = to create a marketing buzz

master = self-explanatory

title: User:Ebuzzmaster


text:
Martin Pring

Martin Pring (1580–1626) was an English explorer from Bristol, England who in 1603 at the age of 23 was captain of an expedition to North America to assess commercial potential; he explored areas of present-day Maine, New Hampshire, and Cape Cod in Massachusetts. In the process, he named what is now Plymouth Harbor 'Whitson Bay' and a nearby hill 'Mount Aldworth' after the two Bristol merchants who provided him with ships and supplies. The harbour was later renamed by the Pilgrim fathers.

Pring and his crew were the first known Europeans to ascend the Piscataqua River. It is thought that Italian explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano explored this part of the New England coast in 1524-25 looking for a route to the Far East, but he did not make landfall until he reached the St. Lawrence River further north.

In 1606 Pring returned to America and mapped the Maine coast. Later he became a ship's master, sailing for the East India Company (EIC) and exploring in East Asia. He also prevented other nations from trading in the area. By 1619 he commanded all the Company's naval forces.

Returning to England in 1621, Pring was made a member of the Virginia Company and granted land in the Chesapeake Bay area. After leaving the EIC in 1623, Pring served as a privateer for England, capturing several French and Spanish ships as prizes.

Early life and education
Martin Pring was born and raised in Feniton, Devonshire. The parish registers record his baptism in the church on 23 Apr 1580, son of John PRINGE of Thorne, (b. 1540bfr. – bur. 6 Feb 1630 Feniton) who married (30 Jun 1561 Feniton) Mary Clarke. Historians have not discovered details about his early life, but he apparently learned early about sailing out of Bristol. He started working on ships.

1603 North America Voyage
In 1603, under patronage of the mayor, aldermen and merchants of Bristol, including Richard Hakluyt, Pring at the age of 23 was appointed as captain to command a ship and bark to explore the northern parts of the territory known as Virginia in North America and assess its commercial potential, financing it against a return cargo of sassafras. His flagship, the Speedwell, was of 60 tons and 30 men. (A different Speedwell was one of those used by members of the Plymouth Colony 17 years later for their 1620 trip to America.) It was escorted by a barque, the Explorer (also known as Discoverer ), of 26 tons and 13 men. The expedition was licensed by Sir Walter Raleigh and departed 10 April 1603.

The two ships first made landfall about two months later at the entrance of Penobscot Bay in what is now the state of Maine. Heading west, they visited the mouths of the Saco, Kennebunk and York rivers, all of which Pring found "to pierce not far into the land." In June, they arrived at the Piscataqua River, a tidal estuary, which he described as the westernmost and best river. Pring explored 10–12 miles into the interior by means of the Piscataqua, the center of which now forms part of the border between Maine and New Hampshire. He and his crew are the first Europeans known to have done so.

Anchoring the Speedwell at the lower harbour, Pring boarded the smaller Explorer and, aided by oarsmen, ascended the Piscataqua. They sounded its depth, which they found impressive, and explored its banks. Pring admired the area's "goodly groves and woods." They encountered the native Abenaki people. Pring's description of them provides significant details of pre-colonial Native American life. At that time of year, the Abenaki would likely have been upriver at the Piscataqua's tributaries, where fish and game were plentiful around the numerous falls. Pring must have been anticipating hostile (or unwanted) Native activity because his party brought with them on the Piscataqua "two excellent Mastives [sic]", one of which "would carrie a halfe-Pike in his mouth". Of the use of these dogs Pring wrote: "when we would be rid of the Savages company wee would let loose the Mastives, and suddenly without cry they would flee away."

The Explorer sailed into Great Bay, where the crew sought the sassafras (or "ague tree"), then considered an elixir of life with great medicinal value in treating fevers. Finding none, they returned to meet the Speedwell, together continuing down the coast.

They found sassafras in sufficient quantity in a bay, and immediately built a barricade for defense against the Native inhabitants.

Pring insisted that they were constantly visited by groups of Natives as large as "one hundred and twentie at once". He does not explain, however, how relations with the locals deteriorated from harmony to the day when the settlers fired their cannon and set the mastiffs on 140 of them. Salisbury suggests that it likely had to do with the abrupt conduct of the English, insensitivity to local customs (which they used only when convenient), and their brutal use of the dogs against the indigenous peoples.

The expedition spent two months ashore at the mouth of the Pamet River on Cape Cod, in what is now Truro, Massachusetts. The explorers erected a small stockade below Cornhill, which would be noted by the Pilgrims on their subsequent journey to the New World. Subsisting on a variety of fish and game, Captain Pring's men harvested sassafras trees for export to England.

The Explorer departed first with a load of sassafras. Pring's ship Speedwell was attacked by a large force of Wampanoag, but the ship's two mastiffs had woken the guard and held off the warriors. As the ship departed, warriors burned the woods on shore and more than 200 shouted at the sailors. The natives had earlier fled the area where the expedition camped. Pring's men had found one of their birch bark canoes, which he carried on board his ship to England. He departed 8 or 9 August, and reached England on 2 October.

Guiana and Second North America Voyages
Pring sailed as master of the ship Phoenix in 1604 in the Leigh expedition. Pring escaped the poor fate of Leigh's party by abandoning the venture by catching an Amsterdam ship back home.

Lord Chief Justice John Popham (judge) appointed Pring to make a second voyage to North America and assess the Maine coast in 1605. His mapping work under direction of Sir Ferdinando Gorges helped influence the selection of a site for a new colony.

Later career
Pring continued to participate in commercial expeditions that created important trade networks and laid the base for colonization. He started to work for the East India Company, where by 1613 he served as ship's master. He helped exclude the Spanish and Portuguese from East Indies markets. By 1619, he commanded all of the naval forces for the Company.

In 1618; sailing with the 1000-tonne flagship Royal James' (launched 1617) and the fleet of the Royal Anne, the Gift, and the Bull and the Bee''; Pring travelled to Sumatra for the EIC. He reached Jakarta in September 1618 to confront the Dutch, after they had attacked English merchants in the Moluccas. Pring was joined by Thomas Dale with another fleet of six English ships to fight the Dutch in Banten Bay. Pring captured a wealthy Dutch merchant ship having left Japan, then sailing to Coromandel Coast for repairs.

Pring took over command of the fleet in August 1619 when Dale died in Machilipatnam. In the Sunda Strait near to the Sumatra coastline, he met three more English ships of another fleet, which had been pursued by the Dutch from Java after having set anchor there. Pring decided to send 3 ships north and to proceed to Japan himself to gain needed repair and provisions for the fleet. With another 2 English ships, the Elizabeth and the Bull, he sailed to Japan on 23 July 1620, docking at Hirado Island, the only trading access allowed to foreigners. He made contact with the factor Richard Cocks and departed Japan carrying the will of the recently bereaved EIC employee, William Adams on 26 December 1620.

In 1621 Pring returned to England, where he was made a freeman of the Virginia Company. He was granted 200 acres. Although he resigned from the Dutch East Indies Company in 1623, he soon returned to sea, serving as a privateer for England. He took many prizes in French and Spanish trading ships.

Pring's short account of his first expedition to America was published in 1625 and is included in the fourth volume of Samuel Purchas's Pilgrimes. It provides valuable material about the lives of the pre-colonial Abenaki and Wampanoag, as well as Pring's descriptions of geography, plants and animals. The explorer died in 1626 at the age of 46 and was buried in Bristol.

Legacy

 * His tomb survives in St Stephen's Church, Bristol.

title: Martin Pring


text:
Leo Sidran

Leo Sidran is an American Latin Grammy-winning musician, composer, performer, and producer whose credits include co-producing the Oscar-winning song "Al Otro Lado Del Rio" for the soundtrack to the movie The Motorcycle Diaries.

Sidran began his career in music early. Having learned to play the drums from funk-jazz percussionist Clyde Stubblefield, he wrote songs as a teenager for Steve Miller.

Early life and education
Sidran grew up in Madison, Wisconsin. His father, Ben Sidran, is a jazz musician, producer and historian. His mother is a weaver. Leo attended the University of Wisconsin, graduating in 1999 with a degree in history and integrated liberal studies. While still in high school, he developed a fascination with Spain and the Spanish language, and moved to Seville for a year in college. He relocated from Madison to Brooklyn in 2005 and has lived there since.

Early music career
Sidran began playing and writing music at a young age. He wrote his first song, "Pushing and Shoving", when he was six years old, and recorded a demo of the song with his father. The vocal from that demo was later used on the Sidrans' father-son children's music album El Elefante.

His first instrument was the drums, and his first teacher was Clyde Stubblefield. Sidran later produced Stubblefield's solo record The Original. As a drummer, Sidran has recorded on many of his father's records, including Nick's Bump, Don't Cry For No Hipster, and the Grammy-nominated Concert for Garcia Lorca.

The Steve Miller Band recorded Sidran's songs before he had graduated from high school. Miller, a longtime friend and collaborator with his father, taught Sidran to play the guitar.

Also while still in high school, Sidran began performing regularly as a jazz drummer with his father. His earliest performances included shows with bassist Richard Davis, saxophonists Frank Morgan and Richie Cole, and guitarist Phil Upchurch.

Solo recordings
Sidran released his first solo record, Leo and the Depleting Moral Legacy, while he was in college. The album was a collection of songs he had written mostly in high school, including two songs that had already been recorded by Steve Miller. He played many of the instruments and mixed the record; Paul Peterson, Ricky Peterson, and Steve Marker also contributed.

After returning from Spain, Sidran recorded two bilingual solo albums. In 1998 he recorded L. Sid in Minneapolis with a studio band including Anthony Cox, Gordy Knudtson and Bob Malach. In 2003 he released Bohemia, an album recorded in Madison and Madrid, and featuring appearances by Spanish artists including Jorge Drexler, Ana Laan, and Tino di Geraldo, and American collaborators including Freedy Johnston, Holly Brook, and Howard Levy.

Sidran's fourth solo record, Mucho Leo, was released in October 2014 and featured the song "Speak To Me In Spanish". It was followed in 2018 by a tribute to Michael Franks called Cool School (The Music Of Michael Franks) which was recorded in New York and Paris and featured a duet performed between Sidran and Franks.

Productions
During the process of recording Bohemia, Sidran became friendly with Jorge Drexler and Ana Laan, and eventually went on to produce and perform regularly with both. He co-produced Laan's Oregano and Chocolate and Roses albums, as well as Drexler's Oscar-winning song, "Al Otro Lado Del Rio".

In 2003 Sidran started Nardis Records with his father. The name "Nardis" comes from a Miles Davis composition, but is also Sidran's name spelled backwards. The label was set up as a vehicle to release projects by both father and son, and both have released their recent solo projects as well as other artist productions on the label.

A chance encounter at a jam session in Madison with singer-songwriter Joy Dragland would ultimately lead to the creation of Joy and the Boy; primarily a studio project, the duo released three albums. Their cover of Marvin Gaye's "Let's Get It On" debuted in the Top 40 pop radio charts in Spain.

After moving to New York in 2005, Sidran developed his career as a composer for film and television commercials. He has scored over 100 national television commercials, and six feature-length documentaries including At The Death House Door and No Crossover: The Trial of Allen Iverson, directed by Steve James.

The Third Story
In 2014, Leo Sidran started a podcast called The Third Story, in which he interviews musicians, artists, and writers. His first guest was Will Lee, and subsequent interviews included scientist Daniel Levitin, pianist Jon Batiste, singer Madeleine Peyroux, arranger/producer Rob Mounsey record producer Tommy LiPuma, and hundreds more. In 2022 The Third Story joined WBGO Studios.

Discography

 * Depleting Moral Legacy (1999)
 * L Sid (2000)
 * Bohemia (2004)
 * Mucho Leo (2014)
 * Entre Chien Et Loup (2015)
 * Cool School (The Music of Michael Franks) (2018)
 * The Art of Conversation (2021)
 * What's Trending (2023)

With Joy and The Boy

 * Paradise (2004)
 * Soaking Wet (2007)
 * Secret Place (2009)

With Ben Sidran

 * The Concert for García Lorca (Go Jazz, 1999)
 * El Elefante (2001)
 * Nick's Bump (Nardis, 2003)
 * Cien Noches (Nardis, 2008)
 * Dylan Different (Bonsai, 2009)
 * Don't Cry For No Hipster (Nardis, 2013)
 * Blue Camus (Bonsai, 2014)
 * Picture Him Happy (Nardis, 2017)

title: Leo Sidran


text:
Disaggregated sovereignty

Disaggregated sovereignty refers to the need for broad strategic cooperation on critical issues requiring the ceding of sovereignty from several sovereign entities to new institutions without creating a centralized authority or "government." Some people argue that this is the de facto situation of global governance and actually more desirable than the creation of a single world government.

The idea was first invoked in 2004 by the political theorist Anne-Marie Slaughter in her 2004 book, A New World Order, which discussed the numerous, interwoven networks of national officials working together across borders on a variety of issues and threats, such as the coalition of nations that came together after the September 11 terrorist attacks, the G8 and G20, and the environmental agencies of the US, Canada, and Mexico working within the NAFTA framework to create an environmental enforcement network. Slaughter provides other examples such as judges of one nation citing decisions from other countries in areas such as free speech, privacy rights, and bankruptcy.

A common and imperfect analogy is often made to the European Union as an example of how states can cede sovereignty to create regional governance. Traditional concepts of sovereignty emphasize separation into territorially independent groups. Disaggregated sovereignty focuses on the mutual obligation and positive capacity to participate collectively through multiple institutions to address global and regional problems. Criticisms of the idea of disaggregated sovereignty note that an international legal patchwork creates a larger area for states to manipulate the balances of freedoms and responsibilities, particularly in regards to mass surveillance. The expansion of international law, instead, challenges the rule of law by creating so many overlapping laws that responsibilities can be shifted and disavowed.

title: Disaggregated sovereignty


text:
MV-algebra

In abstract algebra, a branch of pure mathematics, an MV-algebra is an algebraic structure with a binary operation $$\oplus$$, a unary operation $$\neg$$, and the constant $$0$$, satisfying certain axioms. MV-algebras are the algebraic semantics of Łukasiewicz logic; the letters MV refer to the many-valued logic of Łukasiewicz. MV-algebras coincide with the class of bounded commutative BCK algebras.

Definitions
An MV-algebra is an algebraic structure $$\langle A, \oplus, \lnot, 0\rangle,$$ consisting of which satisfies the following identities:
 * a non-empty set $$A,$$
 * a binary operation $$\oplus$$ on $$A,$$
 * a unary operation $$\lnot$$ on $$A,$$ and
 * a constant $$0$$ denoting a fixed element of $$A,$$
 * $$ (x \oplus y) \oplus z = x \oplus (y \oplus z),$$
 * $$ x \oplus 0 = x,$$
 * $$ x \oplus y = y \oplus x,$$
 * $$ \lnot \lnot x = x,$$
 * $$ x \oplus \lnot 0 = \lnot 0,$$ and
 * $$ \lnot ( \lnot x \oplus y)\oplus y = \lnot ( \lnot y \oplus x) \oplus x.$$

By virtue of the first three axioms, $$\langle A, \oplus, 0 \rangle$$ is a commutative monoid. Being defined by identities, MV-algebras form a variety of algebras. The variety of MV-algebras is a subvariety of the variety of BL-algebras and contains all Boolean algebras.

An MV-algebra can equivalently be defined (Hájek 1998) as a prelinear commutative bounded integral residuated lattice $$\langle L, \wedge, \vee, \otimes, \rightarrow, 0, 1 \rangle $$ satisfying the additional identity $$x \vee y = (x \rightarrow y) \rightarrow y.$$

Examples of MV-algebras
A simple numerical example is $$A=[0,1],$$ with operations $$x \oplus y = \min(x + y, 1)$$ and $$\lnot x = 1 - x.$$ In mathematical fuzzy logic, this MV-algebra is called the standard MV-algebra, as it forms the standard real-valued semantics of Łukasiewicz logic.

The trivial MV-algebra has the only element 0 and the operations defined in the only possible way, $$0\oplus0=0$$ and $$\lnot0=0.$$

The two-element MV-algebra is actually the two-element Boolean algebra $$\{0,1\},$$ with $$\oplus$$ coinciding with Boolean disjunction and $$\lnot$$ with Boolean negation. In fact adding the axiom $$x \oplus x = x$$ to the axioms defining an MV-algebra results in an axiomatization of Boolean algebras.

If instead the axiom added is $$x \oplus x \oplus x = x \oplus x$$, then the axioms define the MV3 algebra corresponding to the three-valued Łukasiewicz logic Ł3. Other finite linearly ordered MV-algebras are obtained by restricting the universe and operations of the standard MV-algebra to the set of $$n$$ equidistant real numbers between 0 and 1 (both included), that is, the set $$\{0,1/(n-1),2/(n-1),\dots,1\},$$ which is closed under the operations $$\oplus$$ and $$\lnot$$ of the standard MV-algebra; these algebras are usually denoted MVn.

Another important example is Chang's MV-algebra, consisting just of infinitesimals (with the order type ω) and their co-infinitesimals.

Chang also constructed an MV-algebra from an arbitrary totally ordered abelian group G by fixing a positive element u and defining the segment [0, u] as { x ∈ G | 0 ≤ x ≤ u }, which becomes an MV-algebra with x ⊕ y = min(u, x + y) and ¬x = u − x. Furthermore, Chang showed that every linearly ordered MV-algebra is isomorphic to an MV-algebra constructed from a group in this way.

Daniele Mundici extended the above construction to abelian lattice-ordered groups. If G is such a group with strong (order) unit u, then the "unit interval" { x ∈ G | 0 ≤ x ≤ u } can be equipped with ¬x = u − x, x ⊕ y = u ∧G (x + y), and x ⊗ y = 0 ∨G (x + y − u). This construction establishes a categorical equivalence between lattice-ordered abelian groups with strong unit and MV-algebras.

An effect algebra that is lattice-ordered and has the Riesz decomposition property is an MV-algebra. Conversely, any MV-algebra is a lattice-ordered effect algebra with the Riesz decomposition property.

Relation to Łukasiewicz logic
C. C. Chang devised MV-algebras to study many-valued logics, introduced by Jan Łukasiewicz in 1920. In particular, MV-algebras form the algebraic semantics of Łukasiewicz logic, as described below.

Given an MV-algebra A, an A-valuation is a homomorphism from the algebra of propositional formulas (in the language consisting of $$\oplus,\lnot,$$ and 0) into A. Formulas mapped to 1 (that is, to $$\lnot$$0) for all A-valuations are called A-tautologies. If the standard MV-algebra over [0,1] is employed, the set of all [0,1]-tautologies determines so-called infinite-valued Łukasiewicz logic.

Chang's (1958, 1959) completeness theorem states that any MV-algebra equation holding in the standard MV-algebra over the interval [0,1] will hold in every MV-algebra. Algebraically, this means that the standard MV-algebra generates the variety of all MV-algebras. Equivalently, Chang's completeness theorem says that MV-algebras characterize infinite-valued Łukasiewicz logic, defined as the set of [0,1]-tautologies.

The way the [0,1] MV-algebra characterizes all possible MV-algebras parallels the well-known fact that identities holding in the two-element Boolean algebra hold in all possible Boolean algebras. Moreover, MV-algebras characterize infinite-valued Łukasiewicz logic in a manner analogous to the way that Boolean algebras characterize classical bivalent logic (see Lindenbaum–Tarski algebra).

In 1984, Font, Rodriguez and Torrens introduced the Wajsberg algebra as an alternative model for the infinite-valued Łukasiewicz logic. Wajsberg algebras and MV-algebras are term-equivalent.

MVn-algebras
In the 1940s, Grigore Moisil introduced his Łukasiewicz–Moisil algebras (LMn-algebras) in the hope of giving algebraic semantics for the (finitely) n-valued Łukasiewicz logic. However, in 1956, Alan Rose discovered that for n ≥ 5, the Łukasiewicz–Moisil algebra does not model the Łukasiewicz n-valued logic. Although C. C. Chang published his MV-algebra in 1958, it is a faithful model only for the ℵ0-valued (infinitely-many-valued) Łukasiewicz–Tarski logic. For the axiomatically more complicated (finitely) n-valued Łukasiewicz logics, suitable algebras were published in 1977 by Revaz Grigolia and called MVn-algebras. MVn-algebras are a subclass of LMn-algebras; the inclusion is strict for n ≥ 5.

The MVn-algebras are MV-algebras that satisfy some additional axioms, just like the n-valued Łukasiewicz logics have additional axioms added to the ℵ0-valued logic.

In 1982, Roberto Cignoli published some additional constraints that added to LMn-algebras yield proper models for n-valued Łukasiewicz logic; Cignoli called his discovery proper n-valued Łukasiewicz algebras. The LMn-algebras that are also MVn-algebras are precisely Cignoli's proper n-valued Łukasiewicz algebras.

Relation to functional analysis
MV-algebras were related by Daniele Mundici to approximately finite-dimensional C*-algebras by establishing a bijective correspondence between all isomorphism classes of approximately finite-dimensional C*-algebras with lattice-ordered dimension group and all isomorphism classes of countable MV algebras. Some instances of this correspondence include:

In software
There are multiple frameworks implementing fuzzy logic (type II), and most of them implement what has been called a multi-adjoint logic. This is no more than the implementation of an MV-algebra.

title: MV-algebra


text:
Joi (singer)

Joi Elaine Gilliam (born January 25, 1971), better known mononymously as Joi, is an American singer, songwriter, and record producer associated with the Dungeon Family collective based in Atlanta, Georgia, and as such often performs with OutKast, Organized Noize, and Goodie Mob (her ex-husband, Big Gipp, is a member of the latter group). Her signature songs include "Sunshine & the Rain", "Lick", and "Freedom".

Biography
Joi is the daughter of NFL Pittsburgh Steelers quarterback Joe Gilliam and granddaughter of Tennessee State Tigers football coach Joe Gilliam, Sr.

The Pendulum Vibe (1994)
In 1994, Joi released her debut album, The Pendulum Vibe, on EMI with Dallas Austin as the executive producer. While the lead single "Sunshine & the Rain" received heavy airplay on video outlets such as VH1 and MTV, the single failed to become a hit and album sales were disappointing, selling only 76,000 copies in the U.S. Even though album sales were low, Joi received widespread praise from critics, some calling her the new "Madonna". Madonna herself was so impressed with Pendulum Vibe that she changed the direction of her 1994 album Bedtime Stories. Madonna was also responsible for assisting Joi in becoming the first black model in a major Calvin Klein print ad campaign. While Joi was receiving heavy media attention she released two more singles: "I Found My Niche" and "Freedom". During this time, Joi's personal and musical style was the first to be dubbed as "neo soul".

The track "Freedom" from Pendulum Vibe was later used for the Mario Van Peebles film Panther in a re-record featuring Aaliyah, Mary J. Blige, En Vogue, Me'shell Ndegeocello, TLC, Queen Latifah, Vanessa Williams, SWV, Brownstone and many more.

Amoeba Cleansing Syndrome (1997)
In 1997, Joi prepared for the release of her second album, Amoeba Cleansing Syndrome on Dallas Austin's FreeWorld label. Joi and creative partner Austin brought in the assistance of Fishbone to be her backing band. The song "I Believe" was originally picked to be the first single, a video, which featured a then pregnant Joi was shot, but weeks before its release EMI wanted more "Radio Friendly" tracks for the album, and the video's release was canceled and the album's release was put on hold. Before returning to the studio, Joi gave birth to a healthy baby girl Keypsiia "Blue-Daydreamer" Gipp and took a short hiatus. After almost a year delay, Joi returned with a new single "Ghetto Superstar" which featured her then husband rapper Big Gipp, the song, written for her father Joe Gilliam, coined the term "Ghetto Superstar". A video was shot and released, it featured both Big Gipp and their 1-year-old daughter Keypsiia. Yet, despite its MTV buzz status, when her label Rowdy/EMI folded, so did the release of the album. Even though the album never saw the light of day commercially, months after its cancellation, the album began circulating due to heavy boot-legging, several media outlets were able to obtain copies of the album, giving the project 4 to 5 Star Reviews, calling it "Ahead of its time". But in spite of the positive feedback received for the album, Joi was disappointed about its cancellation and decided to take a hiatus to take care of her family.

Lucy Pearl (2000)
In 2000, Joi joined Raphael Saadiq's group, Lucy Pearl, replacing Dawn Robinson (of En Vogue). the group made their first public appearance with Joi on January 25, 2001, on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno performing "You" which was also featured on the Save the Last Dance soundtrack. Even though Joi performed and shot two videos with the group, they never released a follow-up studio album together and the group later disbanded.

Star Kitty's Revenge (2002)
In 2002. Joi released her third album Star Kitty's Revenge, on Universal Records. The lead single "Missing You" was produced by Dallas Austin with whom she had not worked since doing background vocals on TLC's "Silly Ho". While the first single failed to become a hit, the second single "Lick" which featured fellow Dungeon Family member Sleepy Brown was included in the film XXX received a large amount of attention from Andrew Soeder courtesy of the film's soundtrack, with no video and little airplay from radio stations across the country, sales for the single soared becoming Joi's most successful single to date, the song would later be sampled by fellow ATL recording artist Gucci Mane on his 2007 hit "Freaky Gurl". The following year, she was released from Universal after the sales of Star Kitty's Revenge failed to impress label executives. In spite of the widespread attention received from "Lick," the album sold only 101,217 copies in the U.S. according to Nielsen SoundScan.

Tennessee Slim Is The Bomb (2006)
After leaving Universal, she signed with Raphael Saadiq's Pookie Entertainment label preparing for the release of her fourth album, but due to distribution issues with the boutique label, the album's release was canceled. To avoid having another project shelved, Joi decided to release the project independently.

In late 2004, Joi developed her own independent label "Joilicious Records" and put finishing touches to her album. The album was set to be released in 2005, but was eventually released on March 28, 2006, as her fourth album under the title Tennessee Slim Is the Bomb. The first single, "I'm So Famous", was released commercially in late 2006. A second single "Dance With Yesterday" received a limited release.

Collaborations
Throughout the years, as a member of Atlanta's famous Dungeon Family, Joi has been featured on tracks by many different artists such as Outkast, Goodie Mob, TLC, Robbie Williams, Big Tymers, George Clinton, Curtis Mayfield, Queen Latifah, Too Short, Fishbone, Jim Crow, Shaquille O'Neal, Joss Stone, Run The Jewels and the D.O.C.

Studio albums

 * The Pendulum Vibe (1994)
 * Amoeba Cleansing Syndrome (1997)
 * Star Kitty's Revenge (2002)
 * Tennessee Slim Is the Bomb (2006)
 * S.I.R. Rebekkah HolyLove (2018)
 * Tine Wolf Rebellion Vol. 1(2024)

Guest appearances

 * "Down" (with Run The Jewels) on Run the Jewels 3 (2016)
 * "Miss Georgia Fornia" (with Big K.R.I.T.) on 4eva Is a Mighty Long Time (2017)
 * "Kush" (with Organized Noize and 2 Chainz) on The Art of Organized Noize (2018)

Singles

 * "Sunshine & the Rain" (1994)
 * "Freedom" (1994)
 * "I Found My Niche" (1995)
 * "I Believe" (1996)
 * "Ghetto Superstar" (1997)
 * "Missing You" (2001)
 * "Lick" (2002)
 * "It's Your Life" (2002)
 * "I'm So Famous" (2005)
 * "Dance With Yesterday" (2006)
 * "Another Rocket" (2007)
 * "Kush" (2017)
 * "Stare At Me" (2018)
 * "No Grey Matter" (2018)
 * "It Is Best" (2018)
 * "Run" (2024)

Filmography

 * (2010) Smiles & Cries
 * (2018) Luke Cage season 2 episode "Soul Brother #1"

title: Joi (singer)


text: Category:Canadian biologists

title: Category:Canadian biologists


text:
Frank Kramer

Frank Kramer may refer to:

 * Frank Louis Kramer (1880–1958), American cyclist
 * Frank Kramer (artist) (1905–1993), American artist and illustrator
 * Frank Kramer (footballer, born 1947) (1949–2020), Dutch footballer and television presenter for SC Telstar
 * Frank Kramer (footballer, born 1972), German football player and coach
 * Gianfranco Parolini or Frank Kramer (1925–2018), Italian film director

title: Frank Kramer


text:
Wikipedia:Experimental Deletion/XD1

=XD1=

eXperimental Deletion method XD1 applies the KISS principle.

Instructions

 * 1) blank the page, replacing content with:
 * (This page intentionally blank)
 * This page has been blanked as per Experimental_Deletion/XD1, see there for more information
 * 1) Normal editing rules apply. People who disagree with you can revert your blanking, and the WP:3RR applies. (though, as usual, try to apply WP:1RR or even better WP:HEC)
 * 2) For this experiment only: if the page remains on the XD1 message for a couple of days, people can come along and nominate the page for CSD or VFD, if they like.
 * 1) For this experiment only: if the page remains on the XD1 message for a couple of days, people can come along and nominate the page for CSD or VFD, if they like.

Variations

 * Add a note with a link to the last revision from page history, that way people can verify whether you blanked the page correctly with a single click

Pro&Con

 * Example page
 * Pages removed in this fashion do not become redlinked.
 * Further Pro&Con Not known yet. Please apply the method and report your results on the talk page!
 * You can find pages marked with XD1, because they link back here, what links here?

Discussion
Isn't this basically a glorified speedy tag? N (t/c) 01:38, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * No, the speedy tag asks an admin to come along and hard-delete the page, this doesn't. --zippedmartin 10:27, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * So what's this mean? "I think maybe this should be deleted but not enough to VfD it"? N (t/c) 16:13, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * XD1 does not assume that VFD exists, and does not assume you are capable of using the mediawiki delete button. (and in fact, on nl.wikinews, where I tested a variant once, I have no ops, and there is indeed no VFD.) It's just a way to hide or remove content. Kim Bruning 17:03, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Isn't it a bit hasty to have a two or three day wait between XD notice and AfD? How about six months or so? Also the XD process could make the page less generally accessible unless you keep the See also section, the cats and the interwiki links, so these should be left in the article. --Tony Sidaway Talk  16:42, 19 September 2005 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia:Experimental Deletion/XD1


text:
John C. Whitcomb

John Clement Whitcomb Jr. (June 22, 1924 – February 5, 2020) was an American theologian and young Earth creationist. Along with Henry M. Morris, he wrote The Genesis Flood, which influenced many conservative American Christians to adopt flood geology.

Biography
Whitcomb was born in Washington, D.C., the son of Salome Josephine (Fuller) and John Clement Whitcomb, an army officer. He lived in northern China between the ages of 3 and 6, and later attended The McCallie School in Chattanooga, Tennessee. His education at Princeton University was interrupted in 1943 when he was drafted into the United States Army and served in Europe during World War II. While at Princeton, he converted to evangelical Christianity through the ministry of Donald B. Fullerton and the Princeton Christian Fellowship. He studied historical geology and paleontology for a year and graduated in 1948 with honors in ancient and European history. Thereafter he enrolled at Grace Theological Seminary in Winona Lake, Indiana, where he earned a B.D. degree in 1951, and remained at the seminary, teaching Old Testament and Hebrew, along with Young Earth creationism. In 1953, the American Scientific Affiliation (ASA) held its annual conference at Grace. Whitcomb was especially impressed by Henry M. Morris' presentation defending Flood geology against day-age, ruin-restoration and pictorial-day views. The two found that they shared a belief in a literal six-day creation and a global Flood. Bernard Ramm's book The Christian View of Science and Scripture, which was published in 1954 and led to ASA rejection of Flood geology, impelled Whitcomb to devote his doctoral dissertation to rebutting Ramm and defending a literal interpretation of Genesis 6–9. Whitcomb polled Old Testament, archeology and apologetics scholars at evangelical schools, but although he found a wide range of viewpoints, he found little support for Flood geology. Whitcomb completed his dissertation on 'The Genesis Flood' in 1957 and successfully defended it at Grace Theological Seminary.

Whitcomb set about preparing his dissertation for publication, and sought somebody with a PhD in science to check or write the chapters on the scientific aspects of the Flood, but found himself unable to find any "Ph.D.s in geology today who take Genesis 6–9 seriously." His work was viewed with disfavour even by Douglas A. Block, reputedly the only scientist at Wheaton College who held to the idea of a global Flood, who stated:

"It would seem that somewhere along the line there would have been a genuinely well-trained geologist who would have seen the implications of flood-geology and, if tenable, would have worked them into a reasonable system that was positive rather than negative in character."

Whitcomb accepted this criticism, being already aware that his inability to deal effectively with objections raised to Flood geology by ASA scientists was his "greatest weakness". He agreed to put off publication of the book to allow Morris to co-author chapters on scientific issues (including radioactivity, stratification and uniformitarianism).

The Genesis Flood, published by Whitcomb and Morris in 1961, "became a best-seller in the Fundamentalist world and polarized Evangelical opinion", though it was ignored by all university scientists and liberal Christians. It was followed by the launch of the Creation Research Society in 1963 and of Morris' Institute for Creation Research in 1972. Ken Ham, the founder of Answers in Genesis and the Creation Museum near Cincinnati, credited The Genesis Flood for "really launch[ing] the modern creationist movement around the world."

Whitcomb taught at Grace Theological Seminary's Old Testament and Christian Theology departments from 1951 to 1990. He was dismissed amid several theological controversies. Whitcomb attributes his dismissal to Dave Plaster prohibiting him attending a meeting of Conservative Grace Brethren Association (of which Whitcomb was a member) in Orrville, Ohio, in January 1990. Whitcomb went and upon his return was fired. He had shared concerns about theological drifts within the Seminary, especially in regards to Genesis 1.

In 1992, he was part of a split from the Fellowship of Grace Brethren Churches, the denominational home both of himself and Grace Seminary, forming the Conservative Grace Brethren Churches, International. This occurred after the Conservative Grace Brethren Association (CGBA) had been denied a request to be a recognized as a Cooperating Agency with the FGBC at National Conference. Whitcomb held no official title within the organization.

Whitcomb and his wife Norma resided in Indianapolis. He served as President Emeritus of Whitcomb Ministries, Inc., and as a speaker for Answers in Genesis. Whitcomb died at his home on February 5, 2020.

title: John C. Whitcomb


text:
Randall Robinson

Randall Robinson (July 6, 1941 – March 24, 2023) was an American lawyer, author and activist, noted as the founder of TransAfrica. He was known particularly for his impassioned opposition to apartheid, and for his advocacy on behalf of Haitian immigrants and Haitian president Jean-Bertrand Aristide. Due to his frustration with American society, Robinson emigrated to Saint Kitts in 2001.

Early life and education
Robinson was born in Richmond, Virginia, on July 6, 1941, to Maxie Cleveland Robinson and Doris Robinson Griffin, both teachers. The late ABC News anchorman, Max Robinson, was his elder brother. Randall Robinson graduated from Virginia Union University, and earned a J.D. degree at Harvard Law School. He also had an older sister, actress Jewel Robinson, and a younger sister, Pastor Jean Robinson. Both sisters live and work in the Washington, D.C. area.

Career
Robinson was a civil rights attorney in Boston (1971–75) before he worked for U.S. Congressman Bill Clay (1975) and as administrative assistant to Congressman Charles Diggs (1976). Robinson was a Ford fellow.

Robinson founded the TransAfrica Forum in 1977, which according to its mission statement serves as a "major research, educational and organizing institution for the African-American community, offering constructive analysis concerning U.S. policy as it affects Africa and the African Diaspora in the Caribbean and Latin America." He served in the capacity as TransAfrica's president until 2001.

During that period he gained visibility for his political activism, organizing sit-ins at the South African embassy in order to protest the Afrikaner government's racial policy of discrimination against black South Africans, beginning a personal hunger strike aimed at pressuring the United States government into restoring Jean-Bertrand Aristide to power after the short-lived coup by General Raoul Cédras, and dumping crates filled with bananas onto the steps of the United States Office of the Trade Representative in order to protest what he viewed as discriminatory trade policies aimed at Caribbean nations, such as protective tariffs and import quotas.

In 2001, he authored the book The Debt: What America Owes To Blacks, which presented an in-depth outline regarding his belief that wide-scale reparations should be offered to African Americans as a means to redress centuries of de jure and de facto discrimination and oppression directed at the group. The book argues for the enactment of lineage-based reparation programs as restitution for the continued social and economic issues in the African-American community, such as a high proportion of incarcerated black citizens and the differential in cumulative wealth between white and black Americans.

In 2003, Robinson turned down an honorary degree from Georgetown University Law Center.

Robinson began teaching at the Dickinson School of Law at Penn State University in the fall of 2008.

Emigration
In 2001, Robinson quit his position as head of TransAfrica and emigrated to St. Kitts, where his wife, who is a member of a prominent Kittitian family, was born. This decision was chronicled in his book Quitting America: The Departure of a Black Man from his Native Land.

Robinson's decision to emigrate was caused by what he described as his antipathy towards America's domestic policies and foreign policy, both of which he believed exploit minorities and the poor.

Personal life and death
Randall Robinson and Hazel Ross-Robinson, his wife of 37 years at the time of his death, had one daughter, Khalea Ross Robinson. He had a daughter Anike Robinson, and a son, Jabari Robinson, from a previous marriage.

Robinson died on March 24, 2023, in St. Kitts, the birthplace of his wife, where the couple had lived for twenty-two years. The cause of death was aspiration pneumonia. He was 81 years old.

Publications

 * An Unbroken Agony: Haiti, From Revolution to the Kidnapping of a President, Perseus Books Group, 2007. ISBN 0465070507
 * Quitting America: The Departure of a Black Man From His Native Land, Plume Books (Reprint), 2004. ISBN 0452286301
 * The Reckoning: What Blacks Owe to Each Other, Plume (reprint), 2002. ISBN 0452283140
 * The Debt: What America Owes to Blacks, Plume, 2001. ISBN 0452282101
 * Defending the Spirit, Plume (1999). ISBN 0452279682
 * The Debt: What America Owes to Blacks, Plume, 2001. ISBN 0452282101
 * Defending the Spirit, Plume (1999). ISBN 0452279682

title: Randall Robinson


text:
John Whitcomb

John Whitcomb may refer to:

 * John C. Whitcomb, American theologian and young Earth creationist
 * John Whitcomb (general), state representative and American Revolutionary War militia general

title: John Whitcomb


text:
Talk:AIM-152 AAAM

Somebody put a request for improvement on this... come on, it's not that bad! Could do with some pics I suppose... Bob the Pirate 18:13, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

restarting this program or succesor ?
any chance for this ? since ruskies are now having missiles with range up to 400 km, which is doubling max range of best us aa missiles. 2A00:1028:9198:E50E:C10E:EB1D:3F47:DC58 (talk) 10:22, 10 August 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:AIM-152 AAAM


text: File:Dora and Boots.jpg

title: File:Dora and Boots.jpg


text:
Ferenc Bene

Ferenc Bene (17 December 1944 – 27 February 2006) was a Hungarian footballer who played as a striker for Újpesti Dózsa and Hungary.

He was a member of the team that won the gold medal at the 1964 Summer Olympics, in which he was the top scorer of the tournament with 12 goals in just 5 matches. He is the sixth most prolific goalscorer in total matches in recorded history according to RSSSF with over 1425 goals scored in over 1480 matches, which results in a goal-per-match ratio of almost one. Bene was a successful striker for Újpesti Dózsa (303 goals in 418 matches) and the Hungary national team (36 goals in 76 matches). He was named Hungarian player of the year twice, in 1964 and in 1969.

Early career
Ferenc Bene was born on 17 December 1944 in Balatonújlak. He began to play football in 1958 in the youth ranks of MEDOSZ Marcali. Bene made his senior league debut for Dózsa in a fixture against Somogyszob in June 1959 at the tender age of only 14,5 years, scoring once. Just two months later, on August 1959, at the age of 14 years and 8 months, he scored a hat-trick in a league game against Siofok.

In September 1959, Bene scored the only goal for Somogy regional team in a youth tournament match against Baranya. After protests from opponents, the result was annulled on the basis that the then 14-year-old Bene was too young to play for a U-16 selection U16. He was later allowed to play for the county's junior team, but banned from playing for the senior club until his 16th birthday. For this reason, he played only for youth teams for the next 12 months, from September 1959 to September 1960.

Bene was then recruited by Kaposvár Kinizsi, a team from the third division, where he scored 16 goals in 16 matches, including 4 against Mazai Banyasz (4–0) and 6 against Szekszardi Petöfi (7–1).

Újpesti Dózsa
In 1961 the 17-year-old Bene was discovered by former Hungarian international István Avar, who recommended him to Újpest Dózsa. He then played with Újpest Dózsa for the next 17 years, from 1861 until 1978. In total, he scored 303 goals in 418 matches, thus being one of the main architects behind the team's dominance in the 1970s, as Dózsa won 8 Nemzeti Bajnokság I between 1969 and 1977-78, and also three Magyar Kupa in 1969, 1970, and 1974-75.

Bene was also crucial in helping Dózsa reach the semi-finals of the 1973–74 European Cup, which they lost to Gerd Müller's Bayern Munich. In the following year, in the round of 16 of the 1974–75 European Cup against Benfica, he scored a sensational goal: He kicked the ball out of the goalkeeper's hand and then held the ball in front of him for a long time before flicking to an open net with brilliant situational awareness. This was chosen as the most beautiful goal of the Cup round in Western Europe at the time.

For his efforts at Dózsa, Bene was named Hungarian Footballer of the Year in 1964 and 1969.

Later years
Leaving the club after the 1978 season, he continued to play for smaller Hungarian teams such as Volán SC (1978–79 and 1983–84) and he even enjoyed a brief spell in Finland playing for Sepsi-78 in 1981–82. He then played for Soroksári VOSE in 1983–84, at the age of 40, scoring 5 goals in 12 matches, and finally ended his career with Kecskeméti SC at the end of the 1984–85 season, having scored only 1 goal in 15 matches.

International career
Bene made his debut for the Hungary national team against Yugoslavia on 14 October 1962, at the age of 17 years 9 months 27 days. He scored his first international goal two caps later, on 19 October 1963, which was the opening goal of a 2–1 victory over East Germany in the round of 16 of the 1964 European Nations' Cup qualifying. He also scored in the quarter-finals against France, and in the tournament, Bene scored in the semi-finals against Spain, which was not enough to prevent a 1–2 defeat. However, Bene scored one more goal at the tournament in the third place play-off against Denmark, thus finishing as the tournament's joint-top scorer alongside fellow teammate Dezső Novák and Chus Pereda of Spain.

In 1963 and 1964, Bene played with both the Hungarian main team and the Hungarian Olympic team simultaneously, overlapping between the two sides and scoring at a prolific rate for both of them. In fact, he scored a brace in each of his first three appearances with the Olympic side, two in friendlies and the other in a 4–0 win over Sweden in the first leg of the 1964 Olympic semifinal round of qualifying, thus helping his side reach the final round of qualifying against Spain in which he scored a brace in both legs  as Hungary qualified for the 1964 Olympics. In the Olympic tournament, Bene played a crucial role in helping Hungary winning the gold medal, scoring twelve goals in five matches, including all six in the 6–0 thrashing of Morocco in the group stage, a four goal haul against United Arab Republic in the semifinals, and the winner against Czechoslovakia in the final. He is one of only four players who have scored two hat-tricks in Olympic football matches, the others being Vilhelm Wolfhagen, Antonín Janda, and Domingo Tarasconi.

He was a versatile attacking player, who played as a center forward in Dózsa. In the national team, however, he held the position of right winger because of Albert Flórián. He was a player with a strong, muscular build, fast starting speed, and a great goal-scoring instinct.

In the 1966 World Cup, Bene scored one goal in each of Hungary's three group stage matches against Portugal, Brazil, and Bulgaria, and then also scored in the quarterfinals, which Hungary lost 1–2 to the Soviet Union. With four goals, Bene was Hungary's top scorer in the World Cup.

On 1 May 1972, he was invited to play a match for a Europe XI against Hamburger SV, organized as a farewell game for Uwe Seeler, and Bene scored once in a 7–3 win.

Bene played his last international match against Czechoslovakia on 12 September 1979. In total, he obtained 76 caps and scored 36 goals.

Death
He died on 27 February 2006 in Budapest, after a lengthy treatment following a fall at the end of 2005. His son Ferenc Bene jr. is also a former player, currently working as a manager.

The football academy of Kaposvári Rákóczi FC bears his name. He also received A Magyar Érdemrend tisztikeresztje in 1994.

Goals for Hungary Olympic team

 * Hungary score listed first, score column indicates score after each Bene goal.

Goals for Hungary main team

 * Hungary score listed first, score column indicates score after each Bene goal.

Honours

 * Újpest
 * Nemzeti Bajnokság I (8): 1969, 1970, 1970-71, 1971-72, 1972-73, 1973-74, 1974-75, 1977-78
 * Magyar Kupa: 1969, 1970, 1974-75
 * Hungary
 * Olympic Games: 1964

 * Individual
 * UEFA European Championship Team of the Tournament: 1964

 * Hungarian Footballer of the Year: 1964 and 1969

 * World XI: 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969

 * FUWO European Team of the Season: 1966

 * ADN Eastern European Footballer of the Season: 1966

title: Ferenc Bene


text: Category:Mage Knight

title: Category:Mage Knight


text:
File:Osman Hussain.jpg

Fair use rationale for Hamdi Adus Isaac

 * It is believed that the use of this image on the English-language Wikipedia to illustrate a section of the article on the person depicted falls under the "Non-profit educational" clause of the Fair Use doctrine currently upheld by United States law. (17 U.S.C. § 107)
 * It is unlikely that a freely-licensed image suitable for illustrating the section of the article describing the subject's arrest and incarceration will be found, owing to the nature of the section (unlikely that there are any freely-licensed images taken during this period). As such, the photograph can be reasonably described as "irreplaceable".
 * Owing to the limited web-resolution of the image, only a small portion of a copyrighted work is used.
 * For the same reasons, the portion of the copyrighted work used is of inherently lower quality than the original, reducing the risk of competitiveness and therefore the effects of this copy on the market for or value of versions held by the owner of the copyright.

title: File:Osman Hussain.jpg


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Jimeno Garcés

Jimeno Garcés, sometimes Jimeno II (died 932/3), was the King of Pamplona from 925 until his death. He was the brother of King Sancho I Garcés and son of García Jiménez by his second wife, Dadildis of Pallars. When his brother died, Sancho's only son, García Sánchez, was still a child and Jimeno succeeded his brother, becoming the second ruler of the Jiménez dynasty.

Reign
In 927, Jimeno took an army south to support Muhammad ibn Lubb ibn Muhammad of the Banu Qasi against the Córdoba-allied Banu Tujib, and Jimeno's presence there forced Abd-ar-Rahman III, Emir of Córdoba to retreat without offering battle. By 928 at the latest Jimeno's nephew García was "formally associated ... as joint ruler". A document in the archives of the monastery of San Juan de la Peña confirming a boundary settlement reached under King Fortún Garcés was issued when "[the aforementioned King] Jimeno Garcés was ruling with his ward the Lord García in Pamplona and in [ Deyo ] ." Upon his death in 932 or 933 his nephew, now García Sánchez I of Pamplona, ruled alone under the tutelage of his mother Toda, who was doubly Jimeno's sister-in-law.

Marriage and children
Jimeno married Sancha Aznárez, daughter of Aznar Sánchez of Larraun and granddaughter of king Fortún Garcés, and thus a sister of Sancho's queen, Toda Aznárez. As such, she was a close kinswoman of Abd-ar-Rahman III. Sancha and Jimeno had three children: García, who went with his mother to Gascony; Sancho, who married Quissilo, daughter of García, count in Bailo; and Dadildis, wife of Muza Aznar, son of the wali of Huesca, al-Tawil, and grandson of Aznar Galíndez II of Aragon. By a mistress Jimeno had another son, also named García, who died at Córdoba.

title: Jimeno Garcés


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Talk:U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School

Untitled
This reads less like an informative article than a pamphlet touting the school. Something a little drier is in order.
 * You're right, it's a bit overblown and not terribly encyclopedic in places. Feel free to be bold, but not reckless and make changes you think will improve the article! · Katefan0(scribble) 18:24, August 18, 2005 (UTC)

Most of the text appears to have been plagiarized from http://www.edwards.af.mil/library/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=6586.

 * This needs a good overhaul its very close to being cut and paste from http://www.edwards.af.mil/library/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=6586

Jim Sweeney (talk) 12:34, 25 June 2008 (UTC)
 * I'm working on an overhaul, but its still in the sandbox stage: User:Skeet_Shooter/Sandbox/TPS Skeet Shooter (talk) 13:25, 25 June 2008 (UTC)

 * Shooter, your sandbox is already WAY better than what's here. Why don't you go ahead and publish? ComputerGeezer (talk) 02:42, 17 July 2008 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the compliments, Geezer. I'm still missing a lot of info then got sidetracked breaking off a list of notable grads into a separate article. I did publish that at List of USAF Test Pilot School alumni but would like to take a little more time to fix the major gaps in my sandbox TPS article. I'll try to get it done soon, but until my big Lotto win comes in, time is hard to come by! Skeet Shooter (talk) 03:30, 17 July 2008 (UTC)

Update of July 25, 2009
I noticed this article was updated today by another user who appears to have taken the content from my sandbox. I realize that anything on Wiki is under GFDL, but I think it would have been polite to a) ask my permission before copying my sandbox content; and b) mention where the content came from. I was still working on this update in my sandbox and planned to post it once I felt it was ready. Skeet Shooter (talk) 23:41, 25 July 2009 (UTC)

Notable Commanders
I removed Al Boyd and Gus Grissom from the notable commanders section of the info box. Al Boyd commanded the Air Force Flight Test Center (AFFTC) of which TPS is only a part. Gus Grissom was a graduate of the school but did not command TPS. See Commandants of the USAF Test Pilot School for a complete list of TPS commanders. Skeet Shooter (talk) 01:57, 19 November 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School


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The Horrible Dr. Hichcock

The Horrible Dr. Hichcock (Italian title: L'orribile segreto del Dr. Hichcock, lit. "The horrible secret of Dr. Hichcock") is a 1962 Italian horror film, directed by Riccardo Freda and written by Ernesto Gastaldi. The film stars Barbara Steele and Robert Flemyng.

Plot
The story is set in 1885 and concerns Dr. Bernard Hichcock (Robert Flemyng), a necrophiliac whose "horrible secret" of the title involves drugging his wife, Margaretha (Maria Teresa Vianello), for sexual funeral games. One day he accidentally administers an overdose of a new drug which slows the heart rate and thinks he has killed her. After burying her in a crypt, he leaves London.

Twelve years later, he remarries and returns to his old home. His new wife, Cynthia (Barbara Steele), starts to believe that she sees Margaretha around the house. After Cynthia falls victim to Dr. Hichcock's old parlour games, she suspects he is trying to kill her, but she finds that the truth is much worse. Having realised that Margaretha is still alive but looking haggard from her ordeal, Dr. Hichcock plans to kill Cynthia and use her blood to restore Margaretha's beauty.

Cast

 * Barbara Steele as Cynthia Hichcock
 * Robert Flemyng as Dr. Bernard Hichcock
 * Silvano Tranquilli (credited as Montgomery Glenn) as Dr. Kurt Lowe
 * Maria Teresa Vianello (credited as Teresa Fitzgerald) as Margaretha Hichcock
 * Harriet Medin (credited as Harriet White) as Martha - The Housekeeper
 * Spencer Williams
 * Al Christianson
 * Evar Simpson (credited as Evar Simpsom)
 * Nat Harley
 * Neil Robinson (uncredited) as Hospital Assistant
 * Howard Nelson Rubien (uncredited) as Laboratory Specialist

Production
Unlike director Riccardo Freda's previous Gothic-styled film I vampiri, The Horrible Dr. Hichcock was made in a climate where there were more Gothic horror films being produced in Italy. The film began when Luigi Carpentieri phoned screenwriter Ernesto Gastaldi to write a giallo story that he liked, titled Spectral. Gastaldi wrote his own treatment under the title Raptus. The original script did not contain the necrophilia that is in the film, which Gastaldi commented that he did not remember why he added it, suggesting that "perhaps one of the associates asked for something harder, more macabre". Freda later claimed that the story was his idea, proclaiming that "It is entirely my idea. I nurtured it for a long time but it is Ernesto Gastaldi, a very good scenarist, who shaped it into form." Gastaldi commented on this, saying that when he met Freda, they did not discuss the film with him and that producer Ermanno Donati gave Freda the script, saying "Let's see if you have the balls to shoot this stuff, it's about corpses!" Gastaldi stated that Freda did not even read the script and replied "As long as I get paid, I'm shooting even the phone book."

The film's co-star Barbara Steele took 10 days off the set of Federico Fellini's 8½ to perform her role in the film. Co-star Robert Flemyng, who was predominantly working in television at the time, took the script, as he wanted to go to Rome. After reading the script, titled Raptus, he only later found the film involved necrophilia and attempted to get out of the film. His agent stated it was too late, as he had signed the contract, so he went forward with making the film. The actress Harriet Medin had been working in Italy since the end of World War II. She received a call from Flemyng before shooting, suggesting that they act so badly that the film would not be released. She is listed in the film credits under her maiden name, Harriet White. The Italian cast and crew hid their names under British-sounding names; this included Freda being credited as Robert Hampton, while set designer Franco Fumagalli became Frank Smokecocks, a literal translation of his last name. Each cast member spoke his or her own language when filming.

The film was shot at Villa Perucchetti in Via Pietro Paolo Rubens 21 in Rome. There are different recollections as to how long the film took to make; the schedule was from April 9 to May 5, 1962 with a 96 million lire budget. Freda stated the film was finished in two weeks, while film historians Alan Upchurch and Tim Lucas state that it was shot in 14 days. Marcello Avallone, who worked on the film with Gastaldi, stated that it took three weeks. Steele recalled that production had long 18-hour days "thanks to the massive doses of Sambuca and coffee. If a dolly collapsed, Freda would just pull the camera on a carpet. Nothing would stop that man." To film everything, Freda sped up proceedings by having three small crews work on the film at once. One of the crews was entrusted to Avallone, who Freda had bonded over through their mutual love of horse racing. Avallone stated that he shot things like close-ups and cutaways to save time. Avallone mentioned that two versions of some sequences were shot: the original Italian, which was more suggestive and chaste, and another for foreign markets that was more risque, as Freda did not want to shoot the more explicit scenes. As of 2017, those versions have not been found. The assistant cameraman, Giuseppe Maccari, played down the second units, stating that multiple cameras were used only on some scenes, such as the climax with the fire in Hichock's villa. The film's make-up artist, Euclide Santoli, recalled the grotesque scenes where Hichcock's face swells and deforms right before the camera. To do the effect, Santoli used a double mask, with the first being thick and identical to the actor's face; it would be applied first, then a second mask that was thin was stuck to the other along the edges with tubes used to blow air through them. Freda later stated that the producers ruined the scenes with this special effect. Freda stated the producers had them split the nightmare scene into several pieces, instead of having it done as one long take.

Release
The Horrible Dr. Hichcock was submitted to the board of censors in June 1962 where it was given the V.M.18 rating, becoming the first horror film to receive this rating after the new rating system was made in April 1962. Despite the directors' and other sources' claims, the board of censors did not demand that there be any cuts to the film. It was released in Italy on 30 June 1962 and was distributed by Warner Bros. The film grossed a total of 142 million Italian lira on its theatrical run. Box office returns in Italy were considered strong enough that, when Ricardo Blasco's Spanish film Autopsy of a Criminal (1963) was released in Italy, it was promoted as a follow-up, titled ''L'assassino del dott. Hitchkok''.

The film was initially retitled Raptus: The Secret of Dr. Hichcock and offered to American International Pictures by Donati and Carpentieri. The company turned it down, as they could not have it toned down for general audiences in the United States. It was released in October 1964 in the United States as The Horrible Dr. Hitchcock, where it was distributed by Sigma III Corporation as a double feature with The Awful Dr. Orloff. The American version was cut to 76 minutes, which re-arranged scenes, added dissolves and was not always faithful to Gastaldi's original script. British audiences saw it the next year, where it was retitled The Terror of Dr. Hichcock. In 2015, a novelization of the film by Michael R. Hudson was published in the United States by Raven Head Press as part of a series of adaptations of several of Gastaldi's scripts, including My Name is Nobody and The Case of the Bloody Iris.

Reception
From a contemporary review, The New York Times reviewed both The Horrible Dr. Hichcock and The Awful Dr. Orloff and stated "For once, the adjectives in the titles were not only descriptive but also accurate." In France, Positif described the film as to "seem a hymn to necrophilia [...] the storms, the excesses, the veneer of a modern chirurgical décor to cover a stylised  rococo background, even the photography dominated by fascinating and artificial flashes of color". The Monthly Film Bulletin declared the film "consistently gripping and enjoyable", despite numerous borrowing from numerous sources, including Vampyr, Jane Eyre, Rebecca and Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde; the "guiding hands of director Riccardo Freda and cameraman Raffaelle Masciocchi are unmistakable" noting the use of colour, light, editing and "visually striking compositions."

Glenn Erickson wrote an essay called "The Horrible Dr. Hichcock: Women on the Verge of a Gothic Breakdown" and stated "The outrageous central concern of The Horrible Dr. Hichcock has never been considered appropriate for any film openly advertised and exhibited to the public, horror or otherwise. That a film about the frustrated passions of a necrophiliac could even be released in 1962 is a censorial mystery in its own right -- or, perhaps, a clear testament to the way horror films were officially ignored on every cultural level back then." Meanwhile, the film has been praised as "a unique Italian gothic" with authentic sets, particularly artful acting by Flemyng and Barbara Steele at her best.

title: The Horrible Dr. Hichcock


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Talk:Lord Volt

I would mark this as a stub, except that the character, and all of Earth-6, only appears in one issue, so I don't know how much bigger it's likely to get. Boojum 18:16, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lord Volt


text:
Talk:STS-1

Flight counts inconsistencies
First of all, to me it is unclear what is meant with the "flight counts". Total number of space flights or total number of shuttle flights? Also, the numbers listed on this page are inconsistent with the number of flights listed on the specific pages for each of the two astronauts taking part in STS-1. Anyone have the correct data here?

Network coverage
Wasn't there comprehensive coverage of the launch and landing by the networks? Shouldn't that be mentioned? Witnessing that was for me what the '69 moon landing was for others. -Amit

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 19:23, 22 October 2021 (UTC)
 * STS-1 Return to KSC.jpg

Number of orbits - inconsistent
Introduction mentions 37 orbits, while info table mentions 36. 2A02:1811:8C27:6B00:F0B9:EEA:A5D0:3AAF (talk) 22:21, 22 December 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:STS-1


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Cross of Merit with Swords (Poland)

The Cross of Merit with Swords (Krzyż Zasługi z Mieczami) is a Polish military award established October 19, 1942, by the Polish Government in Exile.

Criteria
The Cross of Merit with Swords is awarded for deeds of bravery and valor during time of war not connected with direct combat, and for merit demonstrated in perilous circumstances. The cross may be awarded twice in each grade to the same person (since 1992; earlier it has could be awarded four times).

Grades
The Order has three grades:

Recipients

 * Stansilaw Lukaszewicz (Bronze Cross of Merit with Swords), Sargeant 10 Dragoons, 1 Polish Armoured Division, 1 Polish Corps for action at Falaise Gap, France 1944.

 * Bolesław Piwowarczyk (Bronze Cross of Merit with Swords), Sergeant 5th Kresowa Division, 2nd Polish Corps.

 * Paul Jacot (Silver Cross of Merit with Swords), Civilian For the courage and bravery shown within the Polish organisation (resistance) during the battle for independence on French territory in 1943 and 1944**..

 * Mieczyslaw Lezanowski (Silver Cross of Merit with Swords), during service in the Middle East then 2nd Lieutenant with the Polish 2nd Corps at the battle of Monte Cassino

 * Jan Zaleski (Gliwice) (Gold Cross of Merit with Swords), Jan Zaleski, son of Marcin, in the ranks of Bataliny Chlopski was awarded in 1944 with the Gold Merit with Swords.

 * Charles Gossage Grey (Gold Cross of Merit with Swords), "For service rendered the development of the Polish Military Intelligence during world War II. Réseau F-2.from Jan 4 1941 to Dec 31 1942

title: Cross of Merit with Swords (Poland)


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Talk:2004 United States presidential election in the District of Columbia

Black and White liberals and Kerry's triumph in D.C
The article states : ''This illustrates the rejection of George W. Bush by Black voters, who are a majority in the district. NPOV violation? although even most of the White vote in DC are liberal - how else can Democratic candidates get such large margins?''

Maybe we can add to the introduction a sentence such as :

This enormous Democratic vote is the combination of both the importance of the Black vote and of a very liberal White vote in this city, where many people are civil servants.

Does anyone disagree ?--Revas 18:18, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

broken link
The link on the san francisco study is broken. Can anyone fix it ? I can't find the right site ! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 193.48.136.254 (talk) 12:02, 31 October 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
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