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Bolivar Trask

Bolivar Trask is a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. He is a military scientist whose company Trask Industries is well known as the creator of the Sentinels. He is also the father of Larry Trask and Madame Sanctity.

Bolivar Trask appears in the 2014 film X-Men: Days of Future Past, portrayed by Peter Dinklage.

Publication history
Bolivar Trask was created by writer Stan Lee and artist/co-writer Jack Kirby, and first appeared in The X-Men #14 (November 1965).

Fictional character biography
Bolivar Trask was an anthropologist who saw the rise of mutants as a threat to humanity. Bolivar was the father of Larry Trask, ironically revealed to be a mutant precognitive. Bolivar had realized this, and gave his son a medallion which suppresses his power. Bolivar is also the father of Tanya, a mutant whose ability to travel through time causes her to vanish but is rescued by Rachel Summers in a far future and become a part of the Askani under the alias Madame Sanctity. Tanya's travels through time would result in property damage to Trask's land. This mysterious situation would only further cement his attitudes.

Bolivar decides that humanity has to fight back against the mutants and develops robotic guardians for humanity, known as the Sentinels. Larry was shielded from the Sentinels' ability to detect mutants due to the medallion Bolivar had given his son. Bolivar publishes articles on the threat of mutants. One of these articles showed an illustration of mutant overlords keeping humans as slaves. This illustration would become a symbol for human/mutant relations and several years later Quentin Quire and his Omega Gang would base their appearance on this picture.

Professor Charles Xavier invites Trask for a public debate on human/mutant relations. Xavier argues that mutants are just like humans and not evil, but that does not convince Trask revealing the Sentinels. But Trask and his scientists had apparently created a too adaptive, open-ended tactical/strategic programming, and as a result the Sentinels turn against him, claiming that they were superior to humans. The Sentinels left with Trask and brought him to his first creation, the Master Mold, who orders him to construct more Sentinels.

To stop the Sentinels, Xavier summons the X-Men. The X-Men fight the Sentinels, but Beast is captured. To reveal the X-Men's secrets, the Sentinels tell Trask to use a device to read Beast's mind. Trask discovers that the X-Men were mutants protecting humanity and realizes that he had been wrong. He helps the X-Men defeat the Sentinels by sacrificing himself to destroy the Sentinel's base.

Recently in X-Force, Bastion having been reactivated by the Purifiers has apparently resurrected Bolivar Trask through use of a Technarch to be part of a team of the world's foremost mutant killers. He was apparently given credit for the deaths of all mutants and, being the inventor of the Sentinels, had the highest record of mutant kills: 16,521,618. Consistent with the remorse he had displayed at the time of his death, Trask killed himself after escaping Bastion's mental control.

Legacy
Bolivar Trask's death would not be the end of the Sentinels:

 * Master Mold would return and Bolivar's son Larry Trask, still unaware of his own mutant status (who had prophetic dreams), would follow in his father's footsteps and create new Sentinels to avenge his father.
 * Later, Bolivar's nephew Donald Trask III would be recruited by the villain Cassandra Nova to gain control of a group of Sentinels in Ecuador. The machines, now varying in size, will not harm Trask DNA. They obey Donald's orders. However, once Nova is done copying all of Donald's DNA, Nova kills Donald and takes over the robots.
 * Bolivar Trask has a brother named Simon Trask, the founder of Humanity's Last Stand.

Age of Apocalypse
In the 1995 storyline Age of Apocalypse, Bolivar Trask married Moira Kinross and together they designed heavily armed Sentinels to fight Apocalypse. These Sentinels were better programmed and even capable of reasoning with mutants if they protected humans (their primary objective). Bolivar participates in a plan to bomb North American Apocalypse forces, though this would mean extensive civilian deaths. He returns in the 2012 launched Age of Apocalypse ongoing series, as one of the leaders of the remaining human resistance. His daughter Francesca is a main operative in the X-Terminators (code-named "Fiend") alongside Prophet, Good Night, Horror Show, and Zora Risman aka DeadEye though she and Bolivar have a rocky relationship.

Civil War: House of M
In the 2008 miniseries Civil War: House of M, Bolivar Trask is sworn in as the Vice-President of the US and creates Sentinels to fight against Magneto in his rise to power. Magneto confronts him on board the Helicarrier. Trask summons Sentinels in self-defense, but they go into non-lethal mode as the ship is staffed with humans. Trask over-rides this, causing the death of many SHIELD agents. Magneto then throws Trask into a Sentinel beam, causing his disintegration.

X-Men Noir
In the 2009-2010 miniseries X-Men Noir, Bolivar Trask is a multitalented doctor of anthropology, and sociology, who is also a pulp sci-fi writer, and a public proponent of eugenics, though not a racist, as his leading characters possess the "finest" qualities of different ethnic groups. He is the writer of the pulp sci-fi series, "The Sentinels", about a race of genetically superior beings in the year 2013 who protect humanity from the grisly deformed "Mutants". His characters include Stephen Lang, creator of the Sentinels; Callisto, leader of inadequates/muties; sentinel commander Bastion, perfect sentinels Nimrod and Rachel as well as the mad Egyptian En Sabah Nur.

Ultimate Marvel
The Ultimate Marvel incarnation of Bolivar Trask is featured in Ultimate X-Men as the architect for the US Government 'Sentinel Initiative', a response to Magneto's terrorist attacks on Capitol Hill. Initially, the Sentinels patrolled Los Angeles and then New York City, destroying any human containing mutant genes. However, these attacks ceased after the X-Men rescued the President's daughter from the Brotherhood of Mutants. He discovered the Savage Land's location, and dispatched to destroy Magneto's paradise by order from the President of the United States. This proved to be a foolish move when Magneto easily reprogrammed the chromium-built machines to destroy humankind. After a subsequent Sentinel attack on Washington, D.C., the Sentinel Initiative was shut down. He has recently appeared in the Sentinels story arc of Ultimate X-Men, revealed as being employed by the Fenris twins to build the new Sentinels currently attacking mutants. This would suggest that the government no longer employs him, perhaps due to the failure of the Sentinel Initiative. Feeling horrified by all that he has done, he allows himself, during Angel's attempted saving, to drop into the heart of an explosion and is killed.

Another iteration of the character is featured in Ultimate Spider-Man. He is shown to be the CEO of Trask Industries and a former employer of Edward Brock Sr. and Richard Parker while they worked on the Venom symbiote as a cure for cancer. However, he later tricked the two to sign a contract that made the symbiote his full property and then he was deliberately responsible for a plane crash that killed Edward, Richard and Mary Parker, by manipulating Edward to steal a piece of the unstable Venom symbiote and try it on board, so that the suit would remain in his possession, despite it being incomplete and very dangerous. Years later, Eddie Brock Jr. ends up stealing the organism for himself as Venom. Later, after his researcher Adrian Toomes witnesses Venom fighting Peter Parker, Trask hires Silver Sable and the Wild Pack to find and capture Venom to deliver Venom to Trask. He and Toomes begin to experiment on Venom, but they are suddenly interrupted by the Beetle which allows Venom to escape.

Television

 * Bolivar Trask appears in X-Men: The Animated Series, voiced by Brett Halsey. This version collaborated with Henry Peter Gyrich and Cameron Hodge to create the Sentinels. After Master Mold endangers Robert Kelly's life in the first season finale, Trask intends to sacrifice himself to destroy his creation but survives.
 * Trask appears in X-Men '97, voiced by Gavin Hammon.
 * Bolivar Trask appears in X-Men: Evolution, voiced by John Novak. This version is a colonel, former member of S.H.I.E.L.D. who was a noted anthropologist and cyberneticist who studies genetic mutation. Concluding that mutants will replace humans as the dominant species on Earth if left unchecked and seeking to avert this, he designed the Sentinels to apprehend mutants. In the episode "Day of Reckoning" Pt. 1, he kidnaps Wolverine as a test subject for his Sentinel prototype, but Magneto hijacks it to fight the X-Men and publicly reveal mutants' existence before the Sentinel is destroyed by the X-Men. Afterwards, Trask is arrested and incarcerated. In the episode "Uprising", Trask was released from prison and continue his Sentinel project under Nick Fury's supervision to prepare Earth for Apocalypse's threat. Trask creates three upgraded Sentinels, which successfully bring down the force fields protecting Apocalypse's bases before they're destroyed by the Horsemen of Apocalypse.
 * Bolivar Trask appears in Wolverine and the X-Men, voiced by Phil LaMarr. This version is a middle-aged African-American scientist working for Senator Robert Kelly alongside Dr. Sybil Zane. While developing the Sentinel program, Trask uses Wolverine's biology to create upgraded Sentinels that would go on to inspire the Sentinel Prowlers in a possible dystopian future.

Film

Bolivar Trask appears in X-Men: Days of Future Past (2014), portrayed by Peter Dinklage. This version was primarily active in the 1970s, learned of mutants' existence from Charles Xavier's dissertation from Oxford University, and sought to harness mutant powers to create the Sentinel program and bring about world peace by uniting humanity against a common enemy. Due to his inhumane and fatal experiments on mutants, Mystique assassinated him in 1973. However, this made him a martyr for the Anti-Mutant Movement and convinced the government to fund his Sentinel program, eventually leading to the Sentinels driving humanity and mutants to the verge of extinction by 2023. The surviving X-Men send Logan's mind back in time to 1973 in the hopes of convincing Xavier and Erik Lehnsherr's past selves to stop Mystique from assassinating Trask and prevent the Sentinels from being created. Eventually, Xavier convinces Mystique to spare Trask, averting the dystopian future and prompting the government to shut down the Sentinel program while Trask himself is arrested for selling military secrets to foreign nations.

Video games

 * The Ultimate Marvel incarnation of Bolivar Trask appears in Ultimate Spider-Man, voiced by John Billingsley. In an attempt to recreate the Venom suit, Trask hires Silver Sable and the Wild Pack to capture Eddie Brock and Spider-Man. However, the pair break free, Brock merges with Venom, and Sable sells out Trask once her contract with him expires. Brock and Venom seek revenge on Trask, but Spider-Man defeats them. Before he is arrested, Trask gives Spider-Man files that reveal the truth about the latter and Brock's fathers' deaths. While in prison, Trask is confronted by Brock and Venom, who kill him off-screen.
 * Bolivar Trask appears in X-Men Origins: Wolverine, voiced by Bumper Robinson. This version is an African-American scientist who researches the mutant gene on behalf of Sebastian Shaw's Systemized Cybernetics Lab (SCL). Additionally, work logs reveal Trask initially took part in creating the Sentinel program for its scientific value until he witnessed a violent incident involving a mutant test subject, came to believe that all mutants are freaks of nature, and sought to exterminate them to protect humanity. After losing a hand to Wolverine, Trask eventually replaces it with a cybernetic prosthetic as of a flash-forward to a post-apocalyptic future.

Miscellaneous
Bolivar Trask's hatred of mutants is discussed in the non-fiction book From Krakow to Krypton: Jews and Comic Books.

title: Bolivar Trask


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Leucine zipper

A leucine zipper (or leucine scissors ) is a common three-dimensional structural motif in proteins. They were first described by Landschulz and collaborators in 1988 when they found that an enhancer binding protein had a very characteristic 30-amino acid segment and the display of these amino acid sequences on an idealized alpha helix revealed a periodic repetition of leucine residues at every seventh position over a distance covering eight helical turns. The polypeptide segments containing these periodic arrays of leucine residues were proposed to exist in an alpha-helical conformation and the leucine side chains from one alpha helix interdigitate with those from the alpha helix of a second polypeptide, facilitating dimerization.

Leucine zippers are a dimerization motif of the bZIP (Basic-region leucine zipper) class of eukaryotic transcription factors. The bZIP domain is 60 to 80 amino acids in length with a highly conserved DNA binding basic region and a more diversified leucine zipper dimerization region. The localization of the leucines are critical for the DNA binding to the proteins. Leucine zippers are present in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic regulatory proteins, but are mainly a feature of eukaryotes. They can also be annotated simply as ZIPs, and ZIP-like motifs have been found in proteins other than transcription factors and are thought to be one of the general protein modules for protein–protein interactions.

Sequence and structure
Leucine zipper is created by the dimerization of two specific alpha helix monomers bound to DNA. The leucine zipper is formed by amphipathic interaction between two ZIP domains. The ZIP domain is found in the alpha-helix of each monomer, and contains leucines, or leucine-like amino acids. These amino acids are spaced out in each region's polypeptide sequence in such a way that when the sequence is coiled in a 3D alpha-helix, the leucine residues line up on the same side of the helix. This region of the alpha-helix- containing the leucines which line up- is called a ZIP domain, and leucines from each ZIP domain can weakly interact with leucines from other ZIP domains, reversibly holding their alpha-helices together (dimerization). When these alpha helices dimerize, the zipper is formed. The hydrophobic side of the helix forms a dimer with itself or another similar helix, burying the non-polar amino acids away from the solvent. The hydrophilic side of the helix interacts with the water in the solvent. Leucine zipper motifs are considered a subtype of coiled coils, which are built by two or more alpha helices that are wound around each other to form a supercoil. Coiled coils contain 3- and 4-residue repeats whose hydrophobicity pattern and residue composition is compatible with the structure of amphipathic alpha-helices. The alternating three- and four-residue sequence elements constitute heptad repeats in which the amino acids are designated from a’ to g’. While residues in positions a and d are generally hydrophobic and form a zigzag pattern of knobs and holes that interlock with a similar pattern on another strand to form a tight-fitting hydrophobic core, residues in positions e and g are charged residues contributing to the electrostatic interaction.

In the case of leucine zippers, leucines are predominant at the d position of the heptad repeat. These residues pack against each other every second turn of the alpha-helices, and the hydrophobic region between two helices is completed by residues at the a positions, which are also frequently hydrophobic. They are referred to as coiled coils unless they are proven to be important for protein function. If that is the case, then they are annotated in the “domain” subsection, which would be the bZIP domain.

Two different types of such a-helices can pair up to form a heterodimeric leucine zipper. With apolar amino acid residues at either the e or g position, a heterotetramer consisting of 2 different leucine zippers can be generated in-vitro, which implies that the overall hydrophobicity of the interaction surface and van der Waals interaction may alter the organization of coiled coils and play a role in the formation of leucine zipper heterodimer.

Specific binding between bZIP proteins and DNA
The bZIP interacts with the DNA via basic, amine residues (see basic amino acids in (provided table (sort by pH)) of certain amino acids in the "basic" domain, such as lysines and arginines. These basic residues interact in the major groove of the DNA, forming sequence-specific interactions. The mechanism of transcriptional regulation by bZIP proteins has been studied in detail. Most bZIP proteins show high binding affinity for the ACGT motifs, which include CACGTG (G box), GACGTC (C box), TACGTA (A box), AACGTT (T box), and a GCN4 motif, namely TGA(G/C)TCA. The bZIP heterodimers exist in a variety of eukaryotes and are more common in organisms with higher evolution complexity. Heterodimeric bZIP proteins differ from homodimeric bZIP and from each other in protein-protein interaction affinity. These heterodimers exhibit complex DNA binding specificity. When combined with a different partner, most of the bZIP pairs bind to DNA sequences that each individual partner prefers. In some cases, dimerization of different bZIP partners can change the DNA sequence that the pair targets in a manner that could not have been predicted based on the preferences of each partner alone. This suggests that, as heterodimers, bZIP transcription factors are able to change their preferences for which location they target in the DNA. The ability of bZIP domain forming dimers with different partners greatly expands the locations on the genome to which bZIP transcription factors can bind and from which they can regulate gene expression.

A small number of bZIP factors such as OsOBF1 can also recognize palindromic sequences. However, the others, including LIP19, OsZIP-2a, and OsZIP-2b, do not bind to DNA sequences. Instead, these bZIP proteins form heterodimers with other bZIPs to regulate transcriptional activities.

Biology
Leucine zipper regulatory proteins include c-fos and c-jun (the AP1 transcription factor), important regulators of normal development, as well as myc family members including myc, max, and mxd1. If they are overproduced or mutated in a vital area, they may cause cancer.

BZIP containing transcription factors regulate various biological processes
The bZIP-containing Nuclear factor interleukin 3 regulated protein (NFIL3) is a transcription repressor which play multiple roles in regulating various biological processes. The NFIL3 protein has 462 amino acids including a b-ZIP domain. The N-terminal portion of the domain contains the basic motif, which directly binds to DNA. The C-terminal portion of the b-ZIP domain contains an amphipathic leucine zipper region, which mediates homo- and hetero- dimerization.

The expression of the Nfil3 gene changes along with the circadian cycle and the NFIL3, as a repression factor, regulates circadian rhythm. NFIL3 competes with the transcription activator D site albumin promoter binding protein (DBP) in binding with the D box elements in the DNA, which is one of the circadian transcription factor consensus sites. DBP is another bZIP protein and shows an opposite portfolio of expression level to that of NFIL3. When NFIL3 level is high, genes under control of the D box elements will be repressed. Overexpression of Nfil3 shortens the circadian cycle.

NFIL3 influences cell survival and involves in oncogenesis. NFIL3 is shown to be a survival factor that hinders apoptotic cell death in numerous cell types and leads to oncogenesis. High expression level of NFIL3 is shown associate with breast cancer. In cancer cells, NFIL3 associates with Histone deacetylase2 (HDAC2) and represses pro-apoptotic genes such as Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 10 (TRAIL) and TNF receptor superfamily member 6 (FAS) to prevent apoptosis. NFIL3 can also hinder apoptosis in cancer cells by binding to DNA and block the access of transcription factor Forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) to cell death genes, which undermines cell cycle and promotes oncogenesis. In colon cancer, NFIL3 may also block the recruitment of another type of transcription factors, Proline Acid Rich (PAR) proteins.

NFIL3 functions as a repressor to neuron regeneration associated genes. Nfil3 is expressed in neuron cells with regeneration potential to keep cell growth under control. Expression of Nfil3 is induced by phosphorylated cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB), and the NFIL3 protein in turn competes for binding sites shared with CREB and CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein (CEBP), which downregulates target genes of CREB and CEBP to counteract the effect of cAMP signaling. Meanwhile, NFIL3 binds to its own promoter to repress its own expression, creating a negative feedback regulation of neuron regeneration.

NFIL3 is also found to be important in immunology. It is required for natural killer cells and vital for the development and function of other immune cells, including but not limited to anti-inflammatory response in helper T cells, production of IgE from B cells, maturation of CD8a dendritic cells and priming of CD8+ T cells.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Leucine zipper


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Explosive ordnance disposal (United States Navy)

United States Navy Explosive Ordnance Disposal technicians render safe all types of ordnance, including improvised, chemical, biological, and nuclear. They perform land and underwater location, identification, render-safe, and recovery (or disposal) of foreign and domestic ordnance. They conduct demolition of hazardous munitions, pyrotechnics, and retrograde explosives using detonation and burning techniques. They forward deploy and fully integrate with the various Combatant Commanders, Special Operations Forces (SOF), and various warfare units within the Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force and Army. They are also called upon to support military and civilian law enforcement agencies, as well as the Secret Service.

EOD Technicians' missions take them to all environments, and every climate, in every part of the world. They have many assets available to arrive to their mission, from open- and closed-circuit scuba and surface supplied diving rigs, to parachute insertion from fixed-wing aircraft and fast-rope, abseil, and Special Patrol Insertion/Extraction (SPIE) from rotary aircraft, to small boats and tracked vehicles.

History
Navy Explosive Ordnance Disposal teams trace their history back to the first group of volunteers selected to work with the famed British UXO teams, following the initial German Blitzkrieg attacks in early 1940. In June 1941, these veterans returned to form the first class in what was originally named the Mine Recovery School. Officers and enlisted personnel entered the eleven-week school, qualifying as Mine Recovery Personnel/Second Class Divers. Between June 1941 and October 1945, nineteen classes graduated and deployed throughout the Pacific and Mediterranean theaters. Divided into Mobile Explosive Investigative Units (MEIU) they were instrumental in the clearance of explosive hazards both on land and at sea. The Korean War saw a return to action on various minesweepers ensuring the continual clearance of shipping hazards. Additionally, the now renamed Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) Units took part in inland intelligence operations and interacted with ground-based units in Inchon, Wonson and throughout the United Nations Theater of operations.

The Vietnam War saw an increase in overall participation by EOD units. Units from EOD Group Pacific, Pearl Harbor, Hawaii deployed throughout the region. EODGRUPAC was composed of Mobile Unit, Shipboard Unit and Training and Evaluation Unit personnel. Deployed teams on board ships at sea were composed of one officer and two enlisted men. Teams in-country were larger and were based from the Mekong Delta (RIVFLOT 1) to DaNang. With an overall emphasis in sea and riverine mine clearance operations, these teams ensured the continued safety for shipping and maritime operations.

Since the close of the Vietnam War, the changing world situation and increased operational tasking have prompted the expansion of EOD units in number, size and capabilities. Their record in recent history includes the Gulf War where EOD Technicians cleared in excess of 500 naval mines. EOD was the critical element in eliminating unexploded ordnance from the USS Stark (FFG-31) after two Exocet anti-ship missiles fired from an Iraqi aircraft hit her. EOD developed render safe procedures on-site to prevent a catastrophe. During joint operations in Somalia, Haiti, Bosnia, and Kosovo, EOD provided safety and operational continuity by eliminating booby traps, weapons caches, and performing mine clearance operations. EOD units are presently serving in Afghanistan and Iraq where they are supporting the global war against terrorism, destroying tons of post war ordnance and reducing the threat imposed by Improvised Explosive Devices (IED) that have plagued both countries. Forward deployed and fully integrated within the various Special Operations units within the U.S. Navy and Army, the present day EOD technician has changed greatly from that first Mine Recovery class of 1941. But one thing that has never changed is the level of professionalism and dedication that has been the cornerstone of the program.

Training
The EOD training pipeline starts with three weeks of preparatory training at Naval Station Great Lakes, Illinois. The candidate will work on swim stroke development, long range swims and physical conditioning. EOD candidates will then attend an additional 51 weeks of rigorous training. Their training starts with nine weeks of dive school held at the Naval Diving and Salvage Training Center (NDSTC) in Panama City, Florida. Besides learning how to dive, candidates learn about the various kinds of equipment and dive physics. After successful completion of dive school, candidates transfer to Naval Explosive Ordnance Disposal School at Eglin Air Force Base in Fort Walton Beach, Florida. This training is broken down into specific types of ordnance:

 * Demolition Division
 * Includes how to set up various explosive firing trains

 * Tools & Methods Division
 * Teaches you the various tools and methods of EOD work

 * Core Division
 * Teaches fundamentals of EOD work

 * Ground Ordnance Division
 * Focuses on projected munitions and grenades

 * Air Ordnance Division
 * Focuses on bombs and missiles

 * Improvised Explosive Device
 * Includes "homemade bombs”

 * Bio/Chem Division
 * Includes lessons on various biological and chemical agents

 * Nuclear Ordnance Division
 * Covers basic nuclear physics and radiation monitoring and decontamination procedures

 * Underwater Ordnance Division
 * Emphasizes torpedoes and other underwater explosives as well as underwater search techniques

Every section teaches how to render-safe or defuse ordnance.

Upon completion of basic EOD training, all graduates will attend the three-week Basic Airborne Course at Fort Benning, Georgia where candidates qualify as a basic parachutist.

After Jump School, training continues at Gulfport, Mississippi, for an additional four weeks, consisting of weapons training in the use of the 9mm handgun and the M4 carbine as well as combat first aid.

The final phase of EOD training is three weeks of EOD Tactical Training at the Naval Amphibious Base in San Diego. This will consist of helicopter insertion (fast-rope, rappel, cast and SPIE), small arms/weapons training, small unit tactics (weapons, self-defense, land navigation, and patrolling), and tactical communications (satellite and high frequency). Upon completion of the EOD training, graduates are assigned to EOD Mobile Units where they gain advanced on-the-job training and experience as members of Combat Expeditionary Support (CES) platoons/companies, Carrier and Expeditionary Strike Group platoons, SOF Companies, and Marine Mammal Companies.

Officer training
Officer training for the EOD career field (119x / 114x) differs slightly. Their pipeline is as follows:
 * EOD Junior Officer Course (7 days, Naval Diving and Salvage Training Center) – This course trains junior officers in EOD group, mobile unit, and detachment/small unit organization to include organizational relationships with detachments/small units, small group dynamics, CPO/OIC relationships, ethics, and EOD case studies.
 * Diver Training (60 days, Naval Diving and Salvage Training Center) – Designed to provide qualified non-diving personnel with the basic training necessary to safely and effectively perform as a dive team member/diver in SCUBA and MK-16 UBA in accordance with the U.S. Navy Diving Manual.
 * EOD School (320 days, Naval School Explosive Ordnance Disposal) (see enlisted training)
 * Basic Airborne (23 days, Fort Benning) (see enlisted training)
 * Expeditionary Combat Skills (27 days, Center for Security Forces)
 * EOD Tactical Training (21 days, EOD Training and Evaluation Unit ONE, San Diego) (See enlisted training)
 * EOD Platoon Leader Course (12 days)

Advanced training opportunities include foreign language, Advanced Improvised Explosive Device Disposal, and Department of Energy training.

Advanced equipment
EOD employs a variety of tools, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) to accomplish the mission. Robots are used to perform remote procedures on unexploded ordnance and improvised explosive devices. Efforts to maintain the latest technology are accomplished with the assistance and the DoE and various civilian organizations. Johns Hopkins University maintains the Advanced Explosive Ordnance Disposal Robotic System (AEODRS) program. The primary goal of AEODRS is to develop a common architecture for a family of unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) systems to enable unprecedented levels of interoperability. AEODRS is a Joint Service Explosive Ordnance Disposal (JSEOD) program, executed through the Naval Explosive Ordnance Disposal Technology Division (NAVEODTECHDIV) via the Navy Program Management Office for Explosive Ordnance Disposal/Counter Remote Controlled Improvised Explosive Device Electronic Warfare (PMS-408).

Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) Group One
Naval Amphibious Base Coronado, California
 * EOD Mobile Unit ONE, Naval Base Point Loma, California
 * EOD Mobile Unit THREE, Naval Amphibious Base Coronado, California
 * EOD Mobile Unit FIVE, Naval Base Guam
 * EOD Mobile Unit ELEVEN, Imperial Beach, California
 * EOD Training and Evaluation Unit (TEU) ONE, Naval Base Point Loma, California
 * Mobile Diving and Salvage Unit (MDSU) ONE, Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
 * EOD Expeditionary Support Unit One, Naval Amphibious Base Coronado, California
 * EOD Operational Support Unit SEVEN, Naval Amphibious Base Coronado, California (decommissioned)

Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) Group Two
Naval Amphibious Base Little Creek, Virginia
 * EOD Mobile Unit TWO, Naval Amphibious Base Little Creek, Virginia
 * EOD Mobile Unit SIX, Naval Amphibious Base Little Creek, Virginia
 * EOD Mobile Unit EIGHT, Naval Station Rota Spain, Spain
 * EOD Mobile Unit TWELVE, Naval Amphibious Base Little Creek, Virginia
 * EOD Expeditionary Support Unit TWO, Naval Amphibious Base Little Creek, Virginia
 * EOD Training and Evaluation Unit (TEU) TWO, Joint Expeditionary Base East, Virginia
 * Mobile Diving and Salvage Unit (MDSU) TWO, Naval Amphibious Base Little Creek, Virginia


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User talk:K1unit

Welcome, from Journalist
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title: User talk:K1unit


text: User talk:200.75.134.106

title: User talk:200.75.134.106


text:
Talk:Varroville, New South Wales

Page move
This page was moved from "Varroville" to "Varroville, New South Wales" as per the naming convention set out at Wikipedia:Naming conventions (places) -- Ianblair23 04:22, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

PhDs
I removed the claim about the most PhDs which was based on this Sydney Morning Herald article. I initially thought the claim was bogus because Varroville has such a small population (about 150), even 1 PhD would skew it. Or, to put it another way, it might be mathematically correct but to infer it is one of the "brainest burbs" as the SMH article says is just a misuse of statistics. I also wondered where they got the number of PhDs from as I was not sure what data source holds that information. According to the SMH, they used the 2006 Census data. So I went and had a look at the Community Profile for Varroville in the 2006 census, which is available here (download it, unzip it, open it in Excel and then look at table B39 NON-SCHOOL QUALIFICATION: LEVEL OF EDUCATION). Now the problem I have is that this table doesn't count PhDs at all. It seems the census counts "Postgraduate Degrees" which covers a lot more than PhDs, it includes Masters, Postgraduate Diplomas, Postgraduate Certificates, etc. So I don't see how anything can be inferred about PhDs from this. But even if we say "well, any postgraduate qualification makes you brainy", when you look at the 2006 data in the table, there were 0 postgraduate qualifications in Varroville, there was nothing above a bachelors degree. So I cannot fathom how the SMH makes the claim they did based on the 2006 census. Maybe it's in some other table than B39 but nothing in B39 supports the claim that I can see. Happy for someone to find some supporting evidence and reinstate the claim (although I think making any claim in such a small population suburb is a bit bogus). Kerry (talk) 06:26, 9 August 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Varroville, New South Wales


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Patellar tendinitis

Patellar tendinitis, also known as jumper's knee, is an overuse injury of the tendon that straightens the knee. Symptoms include pain in the front of the knee. Typically the pain and tenderness is at the lower part of the kneecap, though the upper part may also be affected. Generally there is no pain when the person is at rest. Complications may include patellar tendon rupture.

Risk factors include being involved in athletics and being overweight. It is particularly common in athletes who are involved in jumping sports such as basketball and volleyball. Other risk factors include sex, age, occupation, and physical activity level. It is increasingly more likely to be developed with increasing age. The underlying mechanism involves small tears in the tendon connecting the kneecap with the shinbone. Diagnosis is generally based on symptoms and examination. Other conditions that can appear similar include infrapatellar bursitis, chondromalacia patella and patellofemoral syndrome.

Treatment often involves resting the knee and physical therapy. Evidence for treatments, including rest, however is poor. Recovery can take months and persist over years. It is relatively common with about 14% of athletes currently affected; however research reflects that more than half of athletes with this injury end their careers as a result. Males are more commonly affected than females. The term "jumper's knee" was coined in 1973.

Signs and symptoms
People report anterior knee pain, often with an aching quality. The symptom onset is insidious. Rarely is a discrete injury described. Usually, the problem is below the kneecap but it may also be above. Jumper's knee can be classified into 1 of 4 stages, as follows:

Stage 1: Pain only after activity, without functional impairment

Stage 2: Pain during and after activity, although the person is still able to perform satisfactorily in his or her sport

Stage 3: Prolonged pain during and after activity, with increasing difficulty in performing at a satisfactory level

Stage 4: Complete tendon tear requiring surgical repair

It begins as inflammation in the patellar tendon where it attaches to the patella and may progress by tearing or degenerating the tendon. People present with an ache over the patella tendon. Magnetic resonance imaging can reveal edema (increased T2 signal intensity) in the proximal aspect of the patellar tendon.

Causes
It is an overuse injury from repetitive overloading of the extensor mechanism of the knee. The microtears exceed the body's healing mechanism unless the activity is stopped.

Among the risk factors for patellar tendonitis are low ankle dorsiflexion, weak gluteal muscles, and muscle tightness, particularly in the calves, quadriceps muscle, and hamstrings.

It may be associated with stiff ankle movement and ankle sprains.

Diagnosis
Diagnosis is generally based on symptoms and a physical examination. Ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging may help clarify how severe the problem is.

Having a clinical diagnosis is the preferred way to diagnose patellar tendonitis, due to ultrasonographic abnormality.

Treatment
Evidence for treatment is poor. In the early stages rest, ice, compression, and elevation may be tried. Tentative evidence supports exercises involving eccentric muscle contractions of the quadriceps on a decline board. Specific exercises and stretches to strengthen the muscles and tendons may be recommended, e.g. cycling or swimming. Use of a strap for jumper's knee and suspension inlays for shoes may also reduce the problems. Corticosteroid injections and NSAIDs are generally recommended.

Procedures
Dry needling, sclerosing injections, platelet-rich plasma, extracorporeal shock wave treatment (ESWT), and heat therapy have been tried.

According to a study comparing ESWT to conservative treatment, it was found with low certainty that ESWT has a large treatment effect to reduce short term pain.

Surgery
Surgery may be tried if other measures fail. This may involve removal of myxoid degeneration in the tendon. This is reserved for people with severe pain for 6–12 months despite conservative measures. Novel treatment modalities targeting the abnormal blood vessel growth which occurs in the condition are currently being investigated. Knee operations in most cases have no better effects than exercise programs.

Epidemiology
It is relatively common with about 14% of athletes currently affected. Males are more commonly affected than females.

title: Patellar tendinitis


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User:Kostil

Hello, I will post more info later

title: User:Kostil


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Duncan Matthews

Duncan Matthews may refer to:
 * Duncan Matthews (rugby union) (born 1994), South African rugby union player
 * Duncan Matthews, a character in the animated television series X-Men: Evolution

title: Duncan Matthews


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Warren Boland

Warren James Boland (born 11 February 1955, in Sydney) is a former science teacher and professional footballer (rugby league) with the Western Suburbs Magpies & Balmain Tigers. He presented weekend radio shows called "Weekends with Warren" on ABC Local Radio stations across Queensland, Australia, broadcasting from the studios of 612 ABC Brisbane. Boland's radio broadcasts could be heard from 9am–midday (10am–midday outside Brisbane) on Saturdays and from 10am–midday on Sundays. Warren's contract at 612ABC was not renewed at the end of 2013 and he was replaced in the lineup.

Rugby league career
A halfback in high school, Boland recalled being rejected due to his small stature. "After I had gone to try out for the school side in Year 11, I was told to go away and grow some more," he said.

Boland won an under-23s premiership with St George before travelling overseas in 1975. Upon his return to Australia, he signed for the Balmain Tigers and was a member of the Tigers' Amco Cup-winning side in 1976. From 1979, he played five seasons with the Western Suburbs Magpies. He often captained the side from his position of, including in the 1980 semi-final campaign.

A broken leg suffered in the 1981 pre-season saw some questioning whether his career was over, but he returned to first grade in late July. He was again captaining the side in the 1982 semi-finals appearance, before retiring in 1983 at the relatively young age of 28. He was later named as winger and captain of Western Suburbs Magpies Team of the Eighties.

Warren Boland was considered an anomaly in the tough Western Suburbs teams of his time which had a strong reputation as being working class "battlers" and included such players as Tommy Raudonikis, Les Boyd and John "Dallas" Donnelly. He was described as, "well-educated, articulate, ambitious, and deeply concerned with social issues." An arts graduate of Macquarie University, Boland hosted a "social issues" radio show on 2SM during his time as a player.

Media
During the late 1980s and early 1990s, Warren Boland commentated on the ABC-TV's Saturday afternoon New South Wales Rugby League / Australian Rugby League matches, generally alongside co-caller David Morrow until becoming chief caller in 1990 with Morrow's move to Channel 10. He also commentated with fellow ex-players David Wright, John Peard and Arthur Beetson, as well as Debbie Spillane. Boland also covered the 1990 Kangaroo Tour of Great Britain and France for the ABC, calling the two tests the Australian Kangaroos played against France on the French leg of the tour.

Following this, he worked for Fox Sports in 1997–98. During the football season these days, he co-hosts the ABC-TV coverage of Queensland Cup rugby league matches. These telecasts are broadcast within Queensland on ABC-TV and across Australia on both Fox Sports and digital channel ABC2 (free-to-air channel 21, pay TV channel 126). In addition to rugby league, Boland has also commentated on a range of other sports, including cricket, golf, and numerous Olympic Games, Asian Games and Commonwealth Games events for the ABC and the Asia-Pacific Broadcasting Union[ABU]. On 29 April 2010, Warren was named the inaugural 612 ABC Brisbane Employee of the Week.

Well known for his intelligent sense of humour, Boland played "Pete the French Polisher" on the ABC-TV show Club Buggery in the mid-1990s. Boland is also famous for his trademark moustache.

title: Warren Boland


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User talk:Powermonger~enwiki

Welcome, from Journalist
Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!  Journalist   C. Holla @ me!
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Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Powermonger. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Powermonger~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

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Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 17:44, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Powermonger~enwiki


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Undercliffe

Undercliffe may be a reference to:

 * Places
 * Australia
 * Undercliffe, New South Wales, a neighbourhood of the Sydney suburb of Earlwood
 * England, United Kingdom
 * Undercliffe, West Yorkshire, an area of Bradford, England

title: Undercliffe


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User talk:Butch Einstein

Welcome, from Journalist
Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!  Journalist   C. Holla @ me!
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
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title: User talk:Butch Einstein


text:
University of California, Irvine Medical Center

The University of California, Irvine Medical Center (UCIMC or UCI Medical Center) is a major research hospital located in Orange, California. It is the teaching hospital for the University of California, Irvine School of Medicine.

History
Plans had been in place since the founding of the school for a medical center, and space was set aside on campus. This would model the hospital campuses at the University of California, Los Angeles and the University of California, San Diego. Political divisions between the American Medical Association and Californian osteopaths brought the medical school to UCI early.

The California College of Medicine was the oldest continuously operating medical college in the Southwest United States. Starting in 1896 as the Pacific College of Osteopathy, it was renamed the College of Osteopathic Physicians and Surgeons. Due to pressure by the AMA, it was renamed to the California College of Medicine and was merged with the UC system in 1965.

Dean of Medicine Stanley van den Noort supported there being a teaching hospital on campus, placing him in political opposition to Governor Jerry Brown. Brown blocked the release of funds for the hospital's construction and diverted them to founding the UCSF's dental school. He also vetoed a compromise for UCI to take care of Orange County Medical Center's patients in exchange for a 200-bed hospital. Under pressure from Brown, the UC purchased the OCMC in 1976 from the county. This acquisition effectively halted the push for an on-campus hospital.

The medical center is home to the Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, a National Cancer Institute-designated center for cancer treatment and research. Other onsite buildings include the Neuropsychiatric Center, the UCI Health Sciences Laboratories building, and clinical outpatient pavilions on the medical center site, as well as community family health centers in Irvine, Santa Ana, Westminster, and Anaheim.

In 2016, two UC Irvine Health specialties were included among the top 50 nationally: 40th for orthopedics and 41st for ear, nose, and throat. It has the county's only Level I trauma center and its sole multiple-organ transplant center, and is the only hospital in the area offering a number of specialized surgeries. The medical center has been home to a number of firsts—including the first heart transplant in Orange County, the first implant on the West Coast of an insulin pump in a patient with diabetes, and a number of research breakthroughs involving therapy for cancer and other diseases.

The UC Irvine Medical Center was in the news in October of 2021 when former President Bill Clinton was hospitalized there with early-stage sepsis due to a non-COVID-related urinary tract infection; he was expected to fully recover, and his illness raised awareness of the center and of the serious condition.

Controversies
In 1995, three doctors at the UCI Center for Reproductive Health were accused of taking eggs from a woman without her consent and transferring them to another woman, who delivered a baby. Investigators later found that these doctors had stolen eggs from 100 women. Although the misuse of eggs was not illegal at the time, the doctors involved were indicted for mail fraud and tax evasion, and the two fled the country.

In 2003, UCI hired Jagat Narula and Mani Vannan as the chief and division chief of cardiology. Neither was board certified in internal medicine nor cardiology, and neither had a California medical license.

In 2003, Dr. Glenn Provost presented a 13-signature petition outlining anesthesia safety problems. He stated that soon after complaining about a supervisor forcing him "to take patients to the operating room without consent, chart, or preoperative check-in by the operating room nurse ... in an attempt to cut costs," he was fired and blackballed. Persons close to the case feel that there was a vendetta against Dr. Provost by Cynthia Anderson, the prior chair.

In 2005, it came to light that 32 patients had died while waiting for liver transplants at UCI. Some livers were available, but, for two years, UCI did not have a full-time surgeon to implant them, in contravention of federal regulations. UCI's designated surgeon was actually on staff at UC San Diego, 70 miles away. A patient at UCI, Elodie Irvine, filed a lawsuit. Ms. Irvine, who had liver and kidney disease, had 95 organs offered for transplant by the United Network for Organ Sharing during her stay at UCI. The hospital allegedly told the patient that they were waiting for organs, when in fact they rejected every organ offered to them. Only one UCI physician advised her to look elsewhere for a transplant.

Over the years, there have been several cases of sexual harassment allegations against the employees of UC Irvine Medical Center. In June 1994, Christina Grudzinski, a second-year resident, accused her attending physician and her chief resident of sexual harassment. She later sued the university after the situation was unresolved and claimed the university faculty retaliated against her by firing her. She lost the court proceedings to the university in 2002 after the trial court and all of the higher courts on appeal ruled her lawsuit was "frivolous" and ordered her to pay $1.1 million back to the university in court fees. Carlin Motley, a fundraiser for the hospital, filed a lawsuit in 2018 claiming she was not protected from a university volunteer who stalked and sexually harassed her for more than one year prior. The lawsuit remains ongoing.

Capabilities
University of California, Irvine Medical Center is the only university hospital in Orange County with more than 400 specialty and primary care physicians. The medical center offers a full scope of acute- and general-care services including cancer care, digestive diseases, heart health neurology, neurosurgery, orthopedic surgery, primary care, surgery, and women's health. It is the only hospital in Orange County recognized in U.S. News & World Report’s annual listing of "America's Best Hospitals" and first to receive Magnet Designation for nursing excellence. The medical center has also been named one of the nation's top hospitals for quality and safety by the Leapfrog Group.

Located in the City of Orange, 13 miles from the UCI campus, UC Irvine Medical Center has 411 licensed beds and is the principal clinical facility for the teaching and research programs of the UC Irvine School of Medicine. The seven-story UC Irvine Douglas Hospital was completed in late 2011. Additionally, there are 45 licensed beds in their Level III Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, 19 high-tech operating rooms including two hybrid cardiac care operating rooms, and eight beds in the Burn Intensive Care Unit.


text:
File:Unitech Matheson Library.JPG

Summary
The Papua New Guinea University of Technology Matheson Library

title: File:Unitech Matheson Library.JPG


text: User talk:216.86.113.202

title: User talk:216.86.113.202


text:
Talk:Undercliffe, New South Wales

Page move
This page was moved from "Undercliffe" to "Undercliffe, New South Wales" as per the naming convention set out at Wikipedia:Naming conventions (places) -- Ianblair23 04:25, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Undercliffe, New South Wales


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User talk:SmokeDetector47

{{unblock|(see below)}.} IP was range blocked by Can't sleep, clown will eat me: -- SmokeDetector47( TALK ) 02:56, 8 May 2006 (UTC)
 * 20:42, 7 May 2006 66.73.0.0/16
 * 20:41, 7 May 2006 66.73.160.0/24

Welcome to Wikipedia!
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia!

Here are some tips:
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If you feel a change is needed, feel free to make it yourself! Wikipedia is a wiki, so anyone (yourself included) can edit any article by following the  link. Wikipedia convention is to be bold and not be afraid of making mistakes. If you're not sure how editing works, have a look at How to edit a page, or try out the Sandbox to test your editing skills.

If, for some reason, you are unable to fix a problem yourself, feel free to ask someone else to do it. Wikipedia has a vibrant community of contributors who have a wide range of skills and specialties, and many of them would be glad to help. As well as the wiki community pages there are IRC Channels, where you are more than welcome to ask for assistance.

If you have any questions, feel free to ask me on my talk page. Thanks and happy editing, Alphax τεχ 04:25, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the welcome, albeit a year late... :) -- SmokeDetector47 04:39, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

Re: Vandal at Memory Alpha
Hi SmokeDetector,

Nope, that guy isn't me. Go right ahead and block him. Linuxbeak | Talk | Desk 13:08, August 25, 2005 (UTC)

Bea Arthur
You're right. I thought the category referred to Star Wars, but I didn't read closely enough. Thanks for fixing it. - Richardcavell 03:39, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

Thanks
Thanks SmokeDetector47 - I hadn't realized there was a Pink Line now, even though I live by downtown. Hmm the world is passin me by :)

Singerboi22 19:02, 10 July 2006 (UTC)

Northwestern Project
In editing Northwestern-related wiki pages, I noticed that you frequently contribute to Northwestern topics. I'm currently in the process of trying to update and enhance Northwestern's Wiki presence, but it is a lot of work. Northwestern needs a huge overhaull and it would be great if we could maybe work together on this. I was thinking about even starting a WikiProject on Northwestern. Please take a look at Duke University, Cornell University, and basically any other peer institution to Northwestern and see how little we have. Let me know what you think. Thanks for your help.Robms927 20:10, 1 August 2006 (UTC)

66.169.14.5
I have spoken with the vandal who vandalized the third article I created yesterday, Duane R. Morrison, who was from St. Louis, Missouri. He/she has been informed that if they continue to make vandalistic changes to any other pages, they will be blocked. I'm just hoping Story of the Year lead vocalist Dan Marsala didn't replace the link suicide with pwn, since given the fact that he was born and raised there. --D.F. "Jun Kazama Master" Williams 12:17, 29 September 2006 (UTC)

Wikimedia Stories Project
Aloha!

My name is Victor Grigas, I’m a storyteller at the Wikimedia Foundation in San Francisco working on collecting unique and interesting stories from Wikipedians that can be used to compel donations for the 2011 fundraiser.

I found your user name on this list: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedians_in_Chicago

If you are interested in participating, and would like to schedule a telephone or Skype interview with me, please send me an email (vgrigas@wikimedia.org) along with any questions or concerns you may have.

Thanks for your time!

Victor, User:Victorgrigas Victor Grigas (talk) 20:31, 4 November 2011 (UTC)

PS If you know of anyone with whom I should speak please let me know :)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:55, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:SmokeDetector47


text:
Associated Collegiate Press

The Associated Collegiate Press (ACP) is the largest and oldest national membership organization for college student media in the United States. The ACP is a division of the National Scholastic Press Association. It awards the newspaper, magazine, and online National Pacemaker Awards, which are considered the highest honors a student publication can receive.

Membership fees are based on enrollment. Membership is also open to student publications outside the U.S.

title: Associated Collegiate Press


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User talk:Chriss P.

Feel Free to ask Q's

You have violated WP:3RR
You have violated the 3 revert rule and on User:Imdaking. Please consider stopping this behavior or you might me blocked from editing. Thank you. ∞ Who ? ¿ ? 05:20, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Chriss P.


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User talk:Kostil

Oversexuality
Oversexuality is the term used for a person who is just too sexy to look at, communicate with, or have any other visual or mental contact. The creator and master of Oversexuality is “The Cougar” A.K.A. Kostil.

Schnauzer
Hi Kostil! I like pic. Roxy is your dog? Regards from perrita Lea & me (from germany) --Der Blaue Klaus (talk) 20:31, 3 December 2010 (UTC)

title: User talk:Kostil


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User talk:Rockell

Welcome! + image dispute
Hi! Welcome to Wikipedia! It looks like you're new here, so I'm sorry to bug you about this, but I just saw that you uploaded untagged images for Wes Anderson and Mr. Green Jeans. I think that they may be copyrighted and unusable (that is, unfree). If they are legitimate, please fill out the image information as needed. The following are the two images in question:
 * Image:Wes.jpg
 * Image:Greenjeans2.jpg

—Tarnas 04:28, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Rockell


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Jarrod Washburn

Jarrod Michael Washburn (born August 13, 1974) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He played for the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim, Seattle Mariners, and Detroit Tigers over the course of a 12–year Major League Baseball (MLB) career.

High school / college
Jarrod Washburn graduated from Webster High School, in Webster, WI in 1992. Washburn attended the University of Wisconsin–Oshkosh; he redshirted his freshman year. In his freshman season, he won the championship game of the 1994 NCAA Division III World Series, against Wesleyan University (Connecticut). Washburn pitched eight strikeouts in a 6-2 complete game victory. That season he had a 6-1 record, a 2.03 earned run average (ERA) before being named to the NCAA Division III All-Midwest Region second team. In his 1995 sophomore season, he compiled a 9-1 record, 1.93 ERA. In 1996 (after leaving UW-O in 1995). In 2010, he was inducted in the college's sports Titan Hall of Fame. Washburn was named to the NCAA Division III All-Midwest Region first team.

Anaheim/Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim
Washburn was drafted by the California Angels in the second round of the 1995 Major League Baseball Draft as the 31st overall pick. Washburn began his professional career pitching for the Low Single-A Boise Hawks and Cedar Rapids Kernels in 1995. In 1996, he began pitching for High Single-A Lake Elsinore, was promoted mid-season to Double-A Midland, and promoted late-season to Triple-A Vancouver. Washburn began 1997 back in Double-A and was playing for Triple-A Vancouver in 1998 when he was called up and made his major league debut on June 2. He finished 6–3 in 11 starts.

After dividing his time between the Angels and Triple-A Edmonton in 1999, going 4–5 with a 5.25 ERA in 16 games, in 2000, Washburn once again split time between Triple A and the Angels, going 7–2 in 14 starts.

Washburn was called up for good in 2001; he started 30 games and went 11–10 with an ERA of 3.77 establishing himself as a major league starter.

Washburn's career year was, when he won 18 games and lost 6 with an excellent ERA of 3.15, finishing 4th in American League Cy Young Award voting, and helped the Angels to a World Series championship. In the American League Division Series against the New York Yankees, he went 1-0 in 2 starts and had an ERA of 3.75. In the American League Championship Series against the Minnesota Twins, Washburn started one game, pitching 7 innings and allowing only 1 earned run; however, he struggled in the World Series against the San Francisco Giants, giving up 10 earned runs in his 2 starts in Games 1 and 5. The Angels would go on to win the 2002 World Series in 7 games, in the first World Series ever in which both teams were wild card teams.

In, Washburn went 10–15 and his ERA climbed to 4.43. was similar with a 4.64 ERA, but with more run support, his record improved to 11-8. In, despite having a record of only 8–8, he had an ERA of 3.20 and became a free agent after the season.

Seattle Mariners
On December 22, 2005, Washburn signed a four-year contract worth $37.5 million with the Seattle Mariners. In 2006, he finished a disappointing 8-14 with a 4.67 ERA; in 2007, he bettered his ERA to 4.32. In 2008, Washburn struggled early in the season, but from June 9 to August 6, he had an ERA of 3.24. Through August 6, Washburn had the lowest run support in the American League, and was also the victim of seven blown saves in 2008, tying for first in the majors.

On July 6, 2009, Washburn threw the first one-hitter in Safeco Field history. The game was also the tenth one-hitter in Mariners team history, and was very nearly their first perfect game, as Washburn did not walk a batter and faced just one over the minimum in the complete game shutout. Washburn started 7-6 in 2009, and had a 2.87 ERA with only 28 walks through July 18, 2009.

As of the end of July 2009, opposing batters were hitting .224 against him, which was the third-lowest batting average in the league; he was just behind Edwin Jackson (.216) and Matt Garza (.222), and was followed by Scott Feldman (.228; .217 as a starter).

Detroit Tigers
On July 31, 2009, Washburn was traded to the Detroit Tigers for pitchers Luke French and Mauricio Robles. Washburn, a playoff-tested veteran in the midst of a great season, was expected to shore up a Tigers rotation that had seen seven different pitchers make a start in the fifth starters' spot. Tigers general manager Dave Dombrowski stated that Washburn was "pitching as well as anyone in the league" at the time of the trade. While he had led the American League in earned run average at the time of the trade, Washburn's tenure with the Tigers was forgettable, as he proceeded to go 1-3 with a 7.33 ERA in 8 starts. Washburn himself noted that while he had "a couple good starts, overall he had not been good." The Tigers, who had been in first place in the American League Central Division since May 8, slowly relinquished their division lead and missed out on the playoffs altogether following a 163rd game tiebreaker with the Minnesota Twins. In addition to French and Robles, the trade also cost the Tigers $3.5 million for Washburn's prorated salary. While the trade was initially highly praised, in hindsight it has been panned by critics and fans.

In 2009, with the Mariners and Tigers, Washburn finished with a combined 9-9 record with a 3.78 ERA in 28 starts.

Retirement
At the end of the 2009 season, Washburn filed for free agency. According to an interview in the May 6, 2010 issue of the University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh newspaper, The Advance-Titan, Washburn said that he is retiring to spend more time with his family. Washburn currently resides at his home in rural Webster, Wisconsin.

In 2013, Washburn became the head baseball coach at his alma mater, Webster High School, but only until his kids graduated, then he left the program with haste.

title: Jarrod Washburn


text:
Talk:Karen Ann Quinlan

Removed
Removed the following broken link. "Karen Ann Quinlan Hospice, History page - for a more personal and extensive history (also accessible via the first link)." -- Morgan Leigh 04:29, August 25, 2005 (UTC)

 * Apparently the target site was redesigned. I've fixed the link location. -- FP 08:24, August 25, 2005 (UTC)

Right to Die?
Is the term right to die a npov? I think that euthanasia should replace it. I'm new to Wikipedia so sorry if this is stupid suggestion. ~Dan

Or Quaaludes (Methaqualone)
Someone needs to verify what drug(s) were in her system. Poor girl. Learner001 (talk) 14:41, 16 November 2016 (UTC)

Requested move 3 October 2016

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: No consensus. Nearly a month of age, there does not appear to be any consensus on the near horizon. Editors may want to pursue other means of improving this article and its title. (non-admin closure)  Paine   u/ c  15:33, 29 October 2016 (UTC)

Karen Ann Quinlan → Karen Ann Quinlan case – Subject did nothing notable. What is notable is the legal case. 172.56.0.29 (talk) 07:09, 3 October 2016 (UTC) --Relisting. Regards, Krishna Chaitanya Velaga (talk • mail) 08:16, 10 October 2016 (UTC)
 * Support. Analogous to Jahi McMath case, Joseph Maraachli case, Sarah Murnaghan lung transplant controversy or Terri Schiavo case. —Roman Spinner (talk)(contribs) 21:26, 4 October 2016 (UTC)
 * Oppose. The title should accurately reflect the subject of the article, and this title currently does exactly that.  This article is about the person in structure and content. If you think we should have an article on just the case, then that's not just a title issue, but primarily an article content issue.  Perhaps the best way to do that is to establish consensus here on the talk page that the article should be changed like that, and change the content and title together.  That said, count me as being in opposition to the idea of transforming this article like that, and also opposed to the general idea that people like Karen Ann Quinlan are not sufficiently notable to have articles about them.  Yes, it's just the case that made her notable, but notable it did make her.  --В²C ☎ 22:45, 16 October 2016 (UTC)
 * Support. WP:BIO1E is the relevant policy here. Quinlan was only notable for the case surrounding her coma and death, so the title change is appropriate.--Cúchullain t/ c 14:00, 17 October 2016 (UTC)
 * Comment: Per the below, the proposed title would be confusing considering the existence of In re Quinlan. It would probably be better to merge both articles into one on the case (preferably with a more recognizable title than "In re Quinlan"). I suggest moving this article to Karen Ann Quinlan case and merging In re Quinlan into it.--Cúchullain t/ c 14:54, 21 October 2016 (UTC)

 * Support per WP:BIO1E. This could never be a balanced biographical article, as too much weight will always be given to the case. Still, much of the content here can be retained if the article is reframed. gobonobo  + c 11:46, 18 October 2016 (UTC)
 * PLEASE NOTE: I found that a separate article for this legal case has existed for many years. I have already created a subsection in this article titled "Appeal" with a main to that article. I also created the redirect Karen Ann Quinlan case to point to the legal case article. Perhaps we should change this from a requested move to a merge.--Judtojud (talk) 12:49, 18 October 2016 (UTC)
 * Oppose - we dont move articles based on overall consensus for articles. we move them on separate basis, clearly this article subject would not benefit from being moved. The proposed title would not reflect the subject.BabbaQ (talk) 21:48, 18 October 2016 (UTC)
 * See Nancy Cruzan case.--172.56.0.210 (talk) 17:00, 20 October 2016 (UTC)

 * Support per WP:BIO1E (and merge In re Quinlan if other agree). —  AjaxSmack   23:59, 18 October 2016 (UTC)
 * Oppose. The "Karen Ann Quinlan case" is In re Quinlan, so the proposed title isn't going to work. I think there could be a good case (pun intended) for a merger, but I feel the best venue to sort that out would be AFD. -- Tavix ( talk ) 16:35, 19 October 2016 (UTC)
 * While your concerns about process are understandable, an AfD might fail over concerns about the loss of page history and attribution requirements.--208.54.64.205 (talk) 16:41, 20 October 2016 (UTC)

 * Oppose As stated, there is already a page about In re Quinlan. Based on BIO1E issues, this article needs to be merged with the case article. Karen Ann Quinlan case has already been created as a redirect to In re Quinlan (the proper legal title of the case), so the only action to consider here is a merge of this article's contents to In re... WikiDan61 ChatMe!ReadMe!! 21:35, 19 October 2016 (UTC)
 * Oppose?!? You support a merge but oppose a move? Are you hairsplitting or did you maybe type in the wrong vote? If we give up on this relisted conrnsus-building effort, I hope we might, in any subsequant AfD, highlight the BIO1E feedback accumulated here and mention that this article is practically an orphan in Article namespace.--208.54.64.194 (talk) 03:46, 20 October 2016 (UTC)
 * I oppose a move to the title Karen Ann Quinlan case, as that is not the correct name of the court case. And since there is already a page named In re Quinlan (which is the proper title for the court case), this page cannot be moved to that title. But the content from this page can be merged to the In re Quinlan article. Is there something unclear about that? WikiDan61 ChatMe!ReadMe!! 12:26, 20 October 2016 (UTC)
 * Your words "the content from this page can be merged" can be interpretted as "it is possible that the content from this page can be merged" which is not a very useful observation because most of us already know that. Would you please indicate in such words whether you support or oppose a merge?--208.54.64.205 (talk) 15:51, 20 October 2016 (UTC)
 * The topic of this discussion is a requested move. I oppose the requested move. I cannot be clearer about that. I support a merge, but as this is not a discussion about a proposed merge, that support is not relevant to this discussion.  WikiDan61 ChatMe!ReadMe!! 16:22, 20 October 2016 (UTC)
 * Thank you.--208.54.64.205 (talk) 16:41, 20 October 2016 (UTC)

 * Oppose. The proposed new name is already the topic In re Quinlan. This article should either remain here as a biography or it should be deleted because Quinlan is only famous for the case. The decision should be made at AfD. Regarding the suggestion of a merge, the legal case article should of course carry a minimal biography of the person, but it should never be made to carry all the information of a normal biography. So I oppose a merge. Binksternet (talk) 22:59, 20 October 2016 (UTC)
 * Heavily-trafficked / high-interest topics such as Karen Ann Quinlan or Terri Schiavo may have two or more articles forked from the main entry. Terry Schiavo, as a particularly illustrative case in point, has 1) Terri Schiavo timeline, 2) Public opinion and activism in the Terri Schiavo case, 3) Government involvement in the Terri Schiavo case, 4) Schiavo memo and 5) Palm Sunday Compromise in addition to the main article, which was renamed from Terri Schiavo to Terri Schiavo case (Talk:Terri Schiavo case/Archive 52), analogous to the proposal for renaming Karen Ann Quinlan → Karen Ann Quinlan case, which would contain biographical material, media interest and other details, while the other remaining article, In re Quinlan, would contain details about the legal case. —Roman Spinner (talk)(contribs) 19:37, 21 October 2016 (UTC)
 * If you search for "quinlan cruzan schiavo" you will find that some scholars treat these three cases as if they form some sort of set. When you search via Google for each full name separately, you get at the top of page 1 of the results a box of information based on Google Knowledge Graph. At the top of the box is the name and then a subtitle. The subtitle for Cruzan is "Court case" and the subtitle for Schiavo is "Legal case". For Qunlan, the subtitle is left blank. I expect that this is because the first sentence of this article declares her to be a woman and does not declare her occupation. Just like page names matter, first sentences matter. Well maybe this discussion will close soon with "no consensus" or "technical obstacle" or whatever and we can talk about a merge. I do not think an AfD would succeed because of all of the WikiProjects included at the top of this talk page. It would go on all those noticeboards and they would Oppose just to defend their territory.--172.56.1.165 (talk) 01:33, 24 October 2016 (UTC)

NOTE: The choice of where the redirect Karen Ann Quinlan case pointed to was short-sighted. That redirect points back to this page. No technical obstacle exists for the proposed move. If closing afmin opts to do the move, then a proposed merge of In re Quinlan into this page will be the least disruptive pathway.--172.56.33.249 (talk) 02:28, 25 October 2016 (UTC)
 * The technical obstacle is actually that the target has more than 1 revision, so a direct WP:MOR cannot happen for non-admins. — Andy W. ( talk ) 22:07, 25 October 2016 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

KQ Pregnancy
Why is this not mentioned? The debate over the decision to abort her spilled over into a large philosophical debate and led to the creation of hospital ethics committees. I came here to find out whether conception happened before or after her collapse, and whether it was aborted or not. Verdana ♥ Bold 07:36, 26 December 2020 (UTC)
 * I can't find any sources that back up a pregnancy at all. There was a pregnant woman (Rosemarie Maniscalco) who became comatose a couple of years after Quinlan, and her family was represented by the attorney who represented Quinlan's parents, but that's where the connection ends, as far as I can tell. Larry Hockett (Talk) 07:53, 26 December 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Karen Ann Quinlan


text:
List of roller coaster rankings

Roller coasters are amusement rides developed for amusement parks and modern theme parks. Early iterations during the 16th and 17th centuries, which were popular in Russia, were wooden sleds that took riders down large slides made from ice. The first roller coasters that attached a train to a wooden track appeared in France in the early 1800s. Although wooden roller coasters are still being produced, steel roller coasters, introduced in the mid-20th-century, became more common and can be found on every continent except Antarctica.

Amusement parks often compete to build the tallest, fastest, and longest rides to attract thrill seekers and boost overall park attendance. Ranked by height, speed, length, and number of inversions, roller coasters often became the focal point for competing parks. Computer-simulated models led to new innovations that produced more intense thrills while improving quality and durability. The debut of Magnum XL-200 in 1989 at Cedar Point introduced the first complete-circuit roller coaster to exceed 200 ft, marking a pivot point in the industry. The new era, sometimes referred to as the Coaster Wars, saw increasing competition as parks sought to be the latest to break world records, with some only lasting a year or less.

The pace of competition eventually slowed, however. Record holder Kingda Ka, the tallest coaster in the world at 456 ft, has held onto its record since 2005. Other notable coasters include Formula Rossa, the world's fastest, which reaches a top speed of 149 mph, Steel Dragon 2000, the world's longest, measuring 8133 ft, and The Smiler which features fourteen inversions.

Inversion rankings
This listing contains all types of roller coaster inversions.

title: List of roller coaster rankings


text: User talk:67.120.131.170

title: User talk:67.120.131.170


text:
Sloviansk

Sloviansk is a city in Donetsk Oblast, northern part of the Donbas region of eastern Ukraine. The city was known as Tor until 1784. While it did not actually belong to the raion itself, Sloviansk served as the administrative center of the Sloviansk Raion (district) until its abolition on 18 July 2020.

Sloviansk was one of the focal points in the early stages of the war in Donbas, in 2014, as it was one of the first cities to be seized and controlled by Russian-backed rebels (separatists), in mid-April 2014. Ukrainian forces then retook control of the city in July 2014, and since then, Sloviansk has been under Ukrainian control.

The 2001 population of Sloviansk was 141,066. Largely due to the ongoing war in Donbass, by early 2022 this was down to 105,141. Following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the city's population fell markedly, to around 24,000 by July 2022, due to shelling, and ongoing war, according to Ukrainian authorities. In April 2023, The Financial Times estimated the population to have recovered to 40-50,000.

Founding and early history
The history of Sloviansk dates back to 1645 when Russian Tsar Alexei Romanov founded a border fortress named Tor against the Crimean attacks and slave raids on the southern suburbs of modern Ukraine and Russia. In 1664, the first salt plant for the extraction of salt was built, and workers began to settle in the area. In 1676, a fortress named Tor was built at the confluence of the Kazenyy Torets and Sukhyy Torets River, where they form the Torets River, a tributary of Donets River. Shortly thereafter, the town of Tor grew up next to the fortress.

As several salt lakes were located close by, the town soon became a major producer of salt. During the sixteenth century, salt production was the principal local industry. In 1784, the city was renamed Slovenske, and a decade later, Sloviansk (Slavyansk).

In 1827, military doctor A. Yakovlev was the first to use mud treatment and bathing in Lake Ropne to treat sick soldiers. Four years later, a military hospital of 200 beds was opened near the lake, where mud therapy was used. In 1832, the first resort was established on the shores of Lake Ropne. With the construction of a railway line in 1869, the town grew rapidly, from a population of 5,900 in 1847 to 15,700 by 1897.

20th century

In April 1918, troops loyal to the Ukrainian People's Republic briefly took control of Sloviansk. Sloviansk was then, along with the rest of Ukraine, incorporated into the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic.

In World War II, the city was occupied by Nazi Germans on 28 October 1941. In December 1941, the SS Einsatzkommando 4b murdered more than a thousand Jews who lived in Sloviansk. The Red Army temporarily expelled the Nazi occupiers on 17 February 1943. Germans retook it on 1 March 1943. The Red Army finally liberated Sloviansk on 6 September 1943.

Salt extraction in Sloviansk in turn gave rise to salt refining and packaging, soda and other chemical manufacturing. By 1972 there were 18 related enterprises in the city, including plastics and the making of vinyl records. Sloviansk reached its peak population of 143,000 in 1987. Sloviansk would remain as part of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic until its dissolution in 1991, after which the city became part of an independent Ukraine.

Siege of Sloviansk
The 2014 Ukrainian revolution for the most part passed Sloviansk by, with no large-scale gatherings or events in the city, and polls showing people in the east of Ukraine to be largely opposed to the Maidan movement in Kyiv. However, Sloviansk would quickly become the epicentre of events following the fallout of the revolution. On 12 April 2014, in the crisis and chaos which gripped the country following the revolution's installing of the First Yatsenyuk government, a reported 55 armed men, led by Russian military veteran Igor Girkin, known as 'Igor Strelkov' stormed Sloviansk, quickly capturing the executive committee building, the police department, and the SBU office of the city. Ukrainian Interior Minister Arsen Avakov described the gunmen as "terrorists" and vowed to use the Ukrainian special forces to retake the buildings. On 13 April 2014, there were reports of fighting between the gunmen and Ukrainian troops, with casualties reported on both sides. The BBC's David Stern described the pro-Russian forces as carrying Russian weapons and resembling the soldiers that took over Crimean installations at the start of the 2014 Crimean crisis.

Initially, the pro-Russia rebels enjoyed strong support, with the New York Times reporting: "Thousands of residents thronged a large square in front of City Hall to welcome the pro-Russian putsch, chanting “Russia, Russia” and posing for photographs with gunmen they hailed as their saviors from the fascists who had seized power in Kiev with the February ouster of President Victor F. Yanukovych, a Russian-speaker from Donetsk."

Elected mayor of Sloviansk Nelya Shtepa gave a series of contradictory statements on her support for the pro-Russia side, and was then taken captive by the pro-Russia side. Shtepa would be one of several high-profile detainments during rebel control of Sloviansk. On 14 April the pro-Russia side installed their own 'people's mayor' Vyacheslav Ponomarev, to deal with civilian matters, and press, while Strelkov / Girkin took charge of military matters. Throughout April, and May, Ponomarev would hold near daily press conferences in the city's admininstrative building. On 9 May, Victory Day, there was a parade, and large gathering of people in the central Square of Sloviansk. Nelya Shtepa appeared, the first time she had been seen in public since mid-April, and gave a pro-Russian speech on stage, urging people to vote in the referendum scheduled for 11 May. Recently freed rebel leader Pavel Gubarev also appeared on stage. Referendums went ahead across Donbas on 11 May, including Sloviansk, with the pro-Russia side reporting a turnout of near 75%, with over 90% voting for self rule as part of the Donetsk/Luhansk People's Republics. However, the referendums were not monitored, or endorsed, by any international observers, or organisations, and their results almost universally unrecognised in the west. Russia issued a statement saying they 'respected' the results of the referendums, but stopped short of recognising them.

Fighting intensified throughout May, as Ukrainian forces escalated their 'ATO' (Anti-Terror Operation) to retake the city, with a Ukrainian military helicopter shot down at the start of the month, and multiple casualties reported in fighting on both sides. May would also see escalating civilian casualties in Sloviansk, as Ukrainian forces began their assault on the city. On 5 May, 30-year-old Irina Boevets was killed by a stray Ukrainian bullet, as she stepped out on her balcony. The Guardian at the time reported these civilian deaths as "fuelling pro-Russian sentiment". Fighting between sides would wage in May, with increasing intensity. A follow-up referendum to the referendum on 11 May had been planned for 18 May, giving voters the option of joining Russia, however this was abandoned due to the escalation of fighting. On 29 May 2014, a Ukrainian helicopter carrying fourteen Ukrainian special service soldiers, including General Serhiy Kulchytskiy – the head of combat and special training for Ukraine's National Guard, crashed after being shot down by militants near Sloviansk. Ukraine's outgoing President Olexander Turchynov described the downing as a "terrorist attack," and blamed pro-Russian militants.

As June went on, it became clear that the pro-Russia side were losing the battle for Sloviansk, beset by a number of problems, including infighting, with enmity between 'people's mayor' Ponomarev, and Strelkov/Girkin, resulting in Strelkov/Girkin having Ponomarev arrested, and dismissed from his duties, on 12 June. Ukrainian forces further stepped up their shelling of Sloviansk in June. Sloviansk was ultimately held by Russian-backed rebels for nearly three months, from mid-April until 5 July 2014, during which time fighting between the rebels and the Ukrainian army escalated, along with shelling of civilian areas of the city, with both military and civilian casualties. In late June, the Ukrainian army started advancing on Sloviansk, taking strategically significant locationed, including the Karachun Mountains. This, combined with Strelkov's videos decrying a lack of support, made the rebel retreat an inevitability. A 10-day ceasefire, not entirely observed by either side, ended on 30 June, and in early July, faced with a full-on Ukrainian offensive, Strelkov co-ordinated the retreat of his forces from Sloviansk. Initially they had planned to go to nearby Kramatorsk, however when it became clear that the Ukrainian army would also take Kramatorsk, which they duly did, most headed to Donetsk, which would then become their stronghold.

Sloviansk was one of several territories taken by Ukrainian forces at this time, including the nearby cities of Kramatorsk, and Kostiantynivka. Although Sloviansk's capture was a military victory for Ukrainian forces, the successful co-ordinated retreat of the rebel forces, and fall back to a fortified Donetsk, led to accusations, and recriminations, from the Ukrainian side.

General Serhiy Krivonos, Deputy Secretary of the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine, said in 2020 that the Ukrainian Army was aware of the movement of Girkin's columns out of Sloviansk but did not attack the columms:

"Having some information from our sources from Sloviansk and Kramatorsk, we understood that they [the separatists] would come out. This understanding was clearly formed between 2 and 3 July. And already on the 4th it was clear that they would leave that night from 4 to 5 July. We actively conducted reconnaissance and gave coordinates directly on the night movement of the column, and on the daytime location of the enemy in Kramatorsk, and then on the exit of Girkin's columns from Kramatorsk. These coordinates were given. There was no implementation of [an attack on] these coordinates."

A series of incidents, and a difficult ongoing living situation had resulted in support for the pro-Russian rebels eroding in the near three months that Sloviansk was under their control. The New York Times reported that 'many of the same people' who had once supported the pro-Russia rebels 'rushed into the same square to greet Ukrainian military trucks as soldiers handed out free food. Virtually nobody now admits to having supported the separatists.' Konstantin Batozsky, an aide to the Kyiv-appointed governor of the Donetsk region, which included Sloviansk, stated of the people of Sloviansk: “They are happy to welcome whoever gives them food.”

Aftermath of the siege and decommunization
Following Ukraine's recapture of Sloviansk in July 2014, Ukrainian authorities began a 'hunt' for collaborators, setting up a hotline encouraging residents of the city to inform on those who had 'collaborated with pro-Russian rebels'. There were further discoveries of 'mass graves'. The New York Times reported at this time "There is no mood of joyous celebration at what Ukrainian officials trumpet as the city’s “liberation.” Anger and animosity bubbles just below the calm surface. In each workplace, everyone knows who did what during rebel rule, creating poisonous currents of suspicion." The population of Sloviansk had fallen to around 80,000 at this time.

In 2015, as part of Ukraine's process of decommunization, the fate of Sloviansk's statue of Lenin, in the city's central square, became a topic of heated debate at council meetings. Large factions from Ukrainian ultra-national groups Svoboda and the Right Sector attended these meetings, in support of the removal / destruction of the statue. There were also locals in favour of keeping the statue, with a petition of 4,500 signatures supporting the Lenin statue remaining. No consensus had been reached, when in the early hours of June 3, Right Sector militants tore the statue down. Also in 2015, a plaque to the memory of Volodymyr Rybak, a Ukrainian politician killed by pro-Russian rebels in 2014, was placed in the town center.

Although war continued in parts of Donbas, there were no notable incidents in Sloviansk following its recapture by Ukrainian forces in July 2014, until 2022. In 2016, the city was visited by Orlando Bloom in his role as a UNICEF goodwill ambassador. The population of Sloviansk would recover in the years up to 2022, to pre-2014 level.

Russian invasion of Ukraine

Sloviansk has been affected from the start of the 2022 Invasion of Ukraine, without becoming a central theatre of war. Sloviansk has been described as being a "crucial part Moscow’s objective of capturing all of the Donbas region".

The city has several times fallen under shelling, with the loss of civilian life. An April 2023 profile of Sloviansk by the Financial Times described the city as being like a 'ghost town', with mayor Vadym Lyakh having given an order to evacuate. The population of Sloviansk at this time was estimated at 40-50,000, up from 2022's estimate of 24,000, but significantly down from the pre-Russian invasion population of over 100,000. In September 2023, The Guardian reported from a Sloviansk still on a war footing.

Demographics
According to the 2001 Ukrainian Census:

Total 2001 population: 141,066

Geography
Sloviansk is in the valley of the Kazennyi Torets River, a right tributary of the Donets, in the Donbas region.

Karachun Mountains are the highest point of Sloviansk, situated to the south of the city.

Climate
The climate in Sloviansk is a mild to warm summer subtype (Köppen: Dfb) of the humid continental climate.

Economy and Industry

 * Before the war in 2014, Sloviansk was an important industrial and health resort center, providing spa treatments and mud baths using mud from the bottom of salt lakes located nearby, and attracting tourists from across Ukraine and beyond. After sustaining damage in 2014, some of the city's resort facilities were repaired, and operated until active war broke out in Sloviansk again in 2022. As of 2023, none of Sloviansk's spa resorts or tourist facilities are in operation.
 * The Slovvazhmash heavy-machinery production plant, specialised in chemical equipment for coke production.
 * The Betonmash machine-building factory, specialised in concrete mixing plants, spare parts for mining equipment and metal works, parts for coke ovens.
 * The Sloviansk mechanical plant, specialised in coke production as well as overhead cranes and other machinery.

Transport
Sloviansk is a nexus of a number of railways and roads. The city is served by three railway passenger stations: Slovianskyi Resort (in the northeast), ‘Mashchormet’ (at the junction), and 'Sloviansk' (the main station, west of the junction, on the southwest side of the city). Three railway lines leave the city in directions of Lozova, Lyman and Kramatorsk. The local population is served by a trolleybus network consisting of two permanent routes and one summer route. Marshrutkas are widely used.

The M03 goes by the edge of Sloviansk. In early 2015, Ukraine lost control of the section of this from Debaltsevo on, then in early 2023 Ukraine lost control of the section from Soledar to Debaltsevo. H20 leaves from the city toward Mariupol, via Kramatorsk, Kostiantynivka, Donetsk, and Volnovakha. Ukraine lost control of part of this highway, around Donetsk, in 2014. The first part of 2022 saw fierce fighting on or around the highway, and by summer of 2022, Ukraine had lost control of the H20 highway, from around Donetsk onto Mariupol.

Religious organizations
Christian churches:
 * Cathedral of New Martyrs and Confessors of the Russian Orthodox Church
 * Church of the Resurrection of Christ
 * Church of the Andrew the Apostle
 * Church of Oleksandr Nevskyi
 * Church of Seraphim Sarovsky
 * The "Kind New" Christian Center Church
 * Church of Jesus Christ of the Protestant Church of Ukraine

Notable people

 * Yuri Bogatikov (1932-2002), Soviet-Ukrainian singer
 * Viktor Fomin (1929-2007), Soviet-Ukrainian football player
 * Vsevolod Kovalchuk (born 1978), Ukrainian businessman
 * Ivan Maistrenko (1899-1984), Ukrainian revolutionary
 * Maksym Marchenko (born 1983), Ukrainian colonel, former governor of Odesa Oblast (March 2022 to March 2023)
 * Oleksandr Mashchenko (born 1985), Ukrainian paralympic swimmer
 * Dmitri Milyutenko (1899-1966), Soviet-Ukrainian actor
 * Mykhailo Petrenko (1817-1863), Ukrainian poet
 * Nikolai Semeyko (1923-1945), Soviet aviator
 * Viktor Smyrnov (born 1986), Ukrainian paralympic swimmer
 * Mykhaylo Sokolovsky (born 1951), a Soviet-Ukrainian footballer, record holder of the games played for Shakhtar Donetsk

title: Sloviansk


text:
User talk:UMwoodr0

Nelson River Bipole Picture
Thanks for that! We've needed that a long time now. --Wtshymanski 17:14, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:UMwoodr0