text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/4chan memes

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Woohookitty 09:17, 6 September 2005 (UTC)

4chan memes
Definitely nn. Delete outright for preference, otherwise merge into 4chan, which is probably borderline itself. Shimgray 17:59, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - while 4chan may be notable (and that's open for debate), a list of "current" traditions and behaviours is not encyclopedic; it is not easily maintainable, and of no real interest to anyone outside of the group itself. Rob Church Talk 18:06, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete inside jokes and vanity nonsense do not an encyclopedia article make. CDC   (talk)  18:57, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per nom, memes, or catchphrases on the 4chan imageboard community should stay there for the moment. Alf 19:37, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. If 4chan memes really had no interest to anyone outside the group, I'd vote delete, but they do.  4chan is quite notable, and the fact that a number of widespread Internet memes (including OS-tans, Bananaphone, Soy Sauce Warrior Kikkoman, Pedobear, the Numa Numa song, Limecat, There She Is!!, and quite a few more) originate or are popularized there is one of the reasons why.  Penelope D 21:06, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * My bad; I missed the note that the article is supposed to be specifically a list of current 4chan memes, which is of course totally unencyclopedic. I hereby change my vote to Delete unless the article is changed to a list of popular memes that started on 4chan. Penelope D 21:14, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Why would an entry on "current" anything be unencyclopedic? If you're writing a work for reference, it's expected your analysis will be limited by the date of publiciation. This is analygous to saying the page "nuclear fusion" should be deleted because scientific research on the subject is ongoing and might be outdated when someone reads it.Vgss 21:41, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I didn't say an entry on "current anything" would be unencyclopedic, nor do I think that. I think an entry on "current memes on message board X" is unencyclopedic, because it is inherently of little to no interest to anyone except members of that particular message board.  A list of popular memes that started on 4chan (and eventually spread to other Internet communities), on the other hand, would be relevant to people outside the 4chan community. Penelope D 22:45, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * That would be nearly impossible to compile with the difficulty in finding enough people who have been relgious member of the board since its inception. Even in that case, there is always constasting opinions on the origin of memes. The other alternative -- composing a directory of ALL internet memes, would also be too difficult, as there's simply too many forums and communities for even a large group to have success in cataloguing. I'm all ears if you can find a better title for my project, however.Vgss 23:34, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. This is an article of memes used on 4chan, not 4chan-exclusive memes. It is not difficult to maintain -- I estimate I'll only need 30 or 40 entries, and that's after 4(?) years of the site. Whether or not the interest in the subject is small, that's not a reason not to include it. Furthermore, these are not solely 'inside jokes' -- I've made a point of explaining the origin of "It's a Trap" and where "Cracky-Chan" superceeded 4chan.Vgss 21:10, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong delete Textbook example of forumcruft. Also, agree with Rob Church. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  22:10, August 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete In ten minutes, who will care? Denni ☯ 23:21, 2005 August 28 (UTC)
 * Smash with Xbox -- Bobdoe (Talk) 23:48, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, a list of memes is inherently non-notable, UNLESS a significant number of the memes are notable enough in their own right to receive their own article.  ral  315  17:48, August 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete with all haste. Memes only in use on one forum are not notable, and memes used in general should be in list of memes or list of catch phrases or list of quotes that nerds repeat in lieu of being witty or whatever.  -Sean Curtin 01:24, August 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, and take 4chan with it. MCB 06:57, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not that notable. ShadowMan1od 01:24, 4 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Very informative The_Bug 0:00, 9 September 2005
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Truly for You

Truly for You is an album by American R&B vocal group the Temptations released on October 15, 1984, by Gordy Records. The album reached No. 3 on the US Billboard Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart and No. 25 on the New Zealand Pop Albums chart.

Overview
This was the first full Temptations album to feature Ali-Ollie Woodson (credited simply as "Ollie Woodson"), who joined the group in 1984, replacing Dennis Edwards. The album was produced by Al McKay and Ralph Johnson of Earth, Wind & Fire. Included on the album are the R&B hit singles "Treat Her Like a Lady", "My Love Is True (Truly For You)", and "How Can You Say That It's Over".

Track listing
Superscripts denote lead singers for each track: (a) Ali-Ollie Woodson, (b) Ron Tyson, (c) Richard Street, (d) Melvin Franklin, (e) Otis Williams. All selections produced, arranged, and conducted by Al McKay and Ralph Johnson.

Side one

 * 1) "Running" (Phillip Ingram, Zane Giles, Tony Haynes) – 3:28 a
 * 2) "Treat Her Like a Lady" (Otis Williams, Ali-Ollie Woodson) – 4:40 a
 * 3) "How Can You Say That It's Over" (Tom Keane, Mike Himelstein) – 6:05 b, a
 * 4) "My Love is True (Truly for You)" (Otis Williams, Ron Tyson, Victor Carstarphen) – 6:08 b, e

Side two

 * 1) "Memories" (Don Freeman, David Batteau) – 4:39 a
 * 2) "Just to Keep You in My Life" (William Durham, Lorrin Bates) – 4:23 b
 * 3) "Set Your Love Right" (Ron Tyson, Victor Carstarphen) – 5:09 a
 * 4) "I'll Keep My Light in My Window" (Terri McFaddin, Leonard Caston) – 4:30 c

Personnel
Performers
 * Melvin Franklin – vocals (bass)
 * Richard Street – vocals (second tenor)
 * Ron Tyson – vocals (first tenor/falsetto)
 * Otis Williams – vocals (baritone)
 * Ali-Ollie Woodson – vocals (tenor/baritone), synthesizers and programming

Musicians
 * Michael Boddicker, Victor Carstarphen, Ronnie Foster – synthesizers and programming
 * Robbie Buchanan, Randy Kerber, Jerry Peters – keyboards
 * Paulinho da Costa, Ralph Johnson – percussion
 * Dean Gant – keyboards, synthesizers and programming, Moog bass synthesizer
 * Zane Giles, Johnny Graham, Paul M. Jackson, Jr., Al McKay – guitar
 * Ed Greene – drums
 * Phillip Ingram – Moog bass synthesizer
 * James Jamerson, Jr. – bass guitar
 * Fred Johnson – DMX drum programming

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Truly for You


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Hackfuck

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Woohookitty 09:14, 6 September 2005 (UTC)

Hackfuck
A script apparently used on a single website. Little or no impact outside that site. Joyous (talk) 18:00, August 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - Wikipedia is not a soapbox for script kiddies. Rob Church Talk 18:10, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as link spamvertising, it is only saying 'come and have a go if you think you're hard enough' with a link to see if you are. Alf 19:41, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as above. CalJW 21:58, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete I did not ask for this to be posted and it is intended for use on the WDF game servers ONLY. Can you please remove!!!      n0-g00d 21:07, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Pars palpebralis

Pars palpebralis in a medical context means "relating to the eyelids." It is the source of the English word "palpebral".

It might refer to the palpebral part of the lacrimal gland or the palpebral part of the orbicularis oculi.

title: Pars palpebralis


text: Category:Ottawans

title: Category:Ottawans


text:
Alexander Kurakin

Prince Alexander Borisovich Kurakin, sometimes spelled Kourakine (Александр Борисович Куракин; 18 January 1752 – Weimar, 6 / 24 June 1818) was a Russian statesman and diplomat, a member of the State Council (from 1810), who was ranked Active Privy Counsellor 1st Class (see Table of Ranks).

Life
Born in Moscow to a long line of Russian diplomats, he was the great grandson of Boris Kurakin, a Russian ambassador and close associate of Peter the Great. He moved to St. Petersburg in 1764 following the death of his father, Boris Alexandrovich Kurakin. There he became acquainted with Great Prince (Grand Duke) Pavel Petrovich, the future Emperor Paul I of Russia, and remained one of his most trusted friends. This friendship, though, did not meet the approval of the then reigning Empress Catherine II, and so Kurakin was forced to depart abroad. In 1776, he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

After Catherine II's death, Kurakin was allowed to return to St. Petersburg in 1796 and he resumed his career, becoming Vice Chancellor in 1796. During the reign of Alexander I Kurakin became the Ambassador of Russia in Vienna in 1806. Two years later, he replaced Ambassador Pyotr Tolstoy in Paris.

Ambassador in Paris
As ambassador in Paris, Kurakin was known for two political acts: taking an active part in the arrangements for the signing of the Treaty of Tilsit, and warning the Tsar about the upcoming war with the French.

From 1810 Kurakin wrote numerous notes to Tsar Alexander, warning him of imminent war. After the last futile attempt to reconcile the Russian-French relationship at his meeting with Napoleon on 15 April 1812, the subsequent departure of Napoleon marking the start of Napoleon's invasion of Russia led to Kurakin resigning as ambassador.

In Paris' higher circles, Kurakin was famously referred to as a "diamond prince", due to magnificence and richness of his costumes. It was one of these costumes that actually saved his life during a fire that happened during a ball given by Schwarzenberg, the Austrian ambassador on 1 July 1810. While escorting the women out of the blazing hall, he fell to the ground and was trampled by the panicking crowd, but his richly decorated coat protected him from the worst of the intense heat. Nevertheless, he was still badly burned and was confined to bed for several months.

He is also credited with introducing Russian-style service à la russe to France, where it replaced the previous service à la française.

He never married but he had illegitimate issue by Akulina Dmitrievna Samoilova, the Barons Wrjevsky, and by an unknown woman, the Barons Serdobin.

title: Alexander Kurakin


text:
Talk:Cytochrome c oxidase

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Soniaiyengar7.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 18:55, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

Edits
Hello Wiki Community,

I have a few suggestions for revising this article, and would appreciate any feedback or direction you can give me in doing so!

I would like to expand two sections of the article that appear unusually brief: inhibition and histochemistry. A deeper understanding of both is vital to a larger understanding of the physiological significance of Complex IV.

With regards to the inhibition component of the article, I would like to make the following edits or changes. I would first expand upon each inhibitor mentioned in the first sentence: cyanide, azide, sulfide, and carbon monoxide, with the addition of nitric oxide. I would also like to discuss the effects of interplay of two different competitive inhibitors on COX (i.e. the reduced inhibition of cyanide ion on COX with the addition of exogenous nitric oxide at high concentrations of cyanide), and list two to three examples of the effects. The similarity of all four can also be elaborated on in a short sentence after the first (before going into each inhibitor specifically), with a focus on pH sensitivity (i.e. azide) in physiological conditions, and the effects of pH sensitivity on inhibitor binding. The biochemical relationship between inhibitor binding and oxidation with enzymatic changes can also be expanded upon, and specifically changes to the binuclear center and oxidation states of metal ions upon electron transfer can be discussed within respect to each specific inhibitor. For azide, I would also like to mention the two methods of determining azide inhibition effects on COX, in-vitro (extensively studied in the late twentieth to early twenty-first century), and in-vivo induction (more recent). Lastly, ATP inhibition of COX and the overall significance of understanding COX inhibition can be discussed.

In terms of the histochemistry of COX, I would first like to discuss the significance of a histochemical analysis of COX activity (without too much overlap from the clinical significance section), specifically focusing on the relationship of mtDNA mutations to accelerated aging and the development of age-related disorders. A brief overview of all animal models utilized in histochemical examination of COX will be listed, as well as the observations made and significance of comparison across multiple animal models. A small paragraph on common protocols and methods of histochemical analysis of COX will conclude this section.

A bibliography is listed below as well as on my user page. Many of my sources are primary literature in the form of articles. Thank you, any feedback is immensely appreciated, this is a topic of interest and I would like to learn as much as I can!

References:

 * 1) Leavesley HB, Li L, Prabhakaran K, Borowitz JL, and Isom GE (September 2007). "Interaction of cyanide and nitric oxide with cytochrome c oxidase: Implications for Acute Cyanide Toxicity". Toxicological Sciences, Oxford Journals 101 (1): 101-11. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfm254.
 * 2) Wilson MT, Antonini G, Malatesta F, Sarti P, and Brunori M (July 1994). "Probing the oxygen binding site of cytochrome c oxidase by cyanide". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 269 (39): 24114-9..
 * 3) Nicholls P, Marshall DC, Cooper CE, and Wilson MT (October 2013). "Sulfide inhibition of and metabolism by cytochrome c oxidase". Biochemical Society Transactions 41 (5): 1312-6. doi:10.1042/BST20130070..
 * 4) Hevner RF and Wong-Riley MTT (November 1989). "Brain cytochrome oxidase: Purification, antibody production, and immunohistochemical/histochemical correlations in the CNS". The Journal of Neuroscience 9 (11): 3884-98..
 * 5) Bennett MC, Mlady GW, Kwon YH, and Rose GM (June 1996). "Chronic in vivo sodium azide infusion induces selective and stable inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase". The Journal of Neurochemistry 66(6): 2606-11..

Soniaiyengar7 (talk) 03:48, 5 May 2016 (UTC)

Untitled
This sentence (as of 2/8/2007) is not accurate and probably should be rewritten.

"Cyanide, sulfide, azide and carbon monoxide all bind to Cytochrome c Oxidase, thus inhibiting the protein from functioning which results in chemical suffocation of cells."

Cytochrome c oxididase is a ferric heme protein in the resting state. While cyanide binds tightly to ferric proteins, carbon monoxide binds tightly to ferrous heme proteins. While the mechanism of action of CO is to suffocate people by virtue of its action on ferrous heme oxygen transport proteins (i.e. hemoglobin and myoglobin), it's not a large player at the oxidase level.

Cyanide and those agents which bind tightly to CCO cause an immediate halt of aerobic respiration, and because of the buildup of chemical intermediates, will eventually cause the cessation of aerobic and anaerobic processes.

I'm complaining because there is a constant confusion among lay people (and even scientists not familiar with the area) about the mechanism of toxicity in vivo of CO and CN-. They are not the same and people trying to make this topic easier may in fact be obscuring real facts.

=
======= "There are 2 molecules water gained in the Cytochrome C oxidase catalized reaction and not only one!"

Ions are usually written with the number first, then the polarity of charge, i.e. Fe2+ or Fe3+, rather than Fe+2/+3 as is written here. Man I gotta get around to learnin LaTeX 203.129.49.176 20:21, 17 May 2006 (UTC)

=
======= This traces the energy, electrons, and photons when light reverses the respiratory action and act as a fuel cell to generate 4H+ and O2 from H20 to slow the krebs cycle when animals are in bright sunlight. Normal operation of 3rd pump (CcO): electrons are brought in through the prior pumps that received e- energy from the krebs cycle. At the active pumping site of CcO, 2e- are bought in to attract 2H+ in tunnel A and 2H+ in tunnel B.  O2 is spread apart in the iron-based active site so that the 2e- and 2H+ of tunnel B react with one oxygen to form H20. This releases energy that boots the 2H+ in tunnel A on up the gradient to the outside of the membrane. Since the 2e- that were being used to hold the 2H+ in place are now inside the H2O, there is nothing holding 2H+ in the active area. The exact mechanism of this second step of booting up the gradient is not known. Another 2e- are waiting in the wings (a 2 copper site) to react with the other oxygen in the same manner with the same result (H2O and a booting of another 2H+ upwards). Summary: O2+4e+8H => H2O + H2O + 4H+ where 4H+ is the energy gradient increase.

Instead of forming H2O to use electrons and release energy, let's run it in reverse and let light energy breaks apart H2O to release electrons. There are 5 metal atoms in this protien that do everything. 3 are at the active site, 2 irons and a copper. Two more coopers are at a "staging" area for bringing electrons in from the "electron food chain". Only the coppers absorb light strongly in the near-infrared, which can penetrate blood and water. In fact, it appears hemoglobin evolved to specifically allow these frequencies through since they were already being used for energy in bacteria. The copper at the 2-iron main reaction (pumping) site absorbs strongest at 670 nm (red) which is a higher energy level than what the other two coppers absorb at near-infrared).  1/4 or so of the red photon energy is absorbed and splits H2O (fuel cell!) to generate the 2e- that are needed at the reaction site to pull in 2H+ up tunnel A.  This creates 2H+ in tunnel "B" from the H2O and the split oxygen is being held in one of the irons.  Then the 2e- combine with the 2H+ in tunnel B and the oxygen held in the iron to recreate the H20 which releases the rest of the light energy the system had temporarily stored which boots the tunnel A 2H+ on up the gradient.  So no electrons or ANYTHING ELSE comes in or out of the system, but 4H+ are delivered up the gradient thanks to light energy.   The other 2 coppers that are outside of the 2 active iron site may also get into the act by absorbing light to push 2 more temporary electrons against an H+ gradient to bring them to the active site, but i don't know if it's necessary for the light-pumping. These wold also be cycled back and forth without using anything but light energy.

Therefore this cyctochrome c oxidase is not merely a respiration-based pump. Its organization and use of copper is not merely an evolutionary left over from bacteria that used light. It is an active photoreceptor providing possibly up to 20% of the energy to people laying out in the sun. Smaller animals with little hair will see the greatest benefit since the light only penetrate a few centimeters in the windo between the absorption of blood and water.

But the story isn't finished: When light has pushed a lot of H+ outside the mitochondrial membrane, the H+ gradient is stronger and there is an increased pull towards the 2 staging coppers to pull e- out of the reaction site. This prevents the 2e- from absorbing back into the H2O which leaves 2H+ in tunnel B. O2 is created if it occurs twice (2H2O + 2 red photons => 4H+, 4e-, and O2). The 2e- in the 2-copper staging area absorbs light energy which might be used to jolt e- back into cytochrome c to be used for the previous pumps to act in reverse, as they are known to do. As the H+ gradient increases, the first 2 pumps that provided e- to our 3rd pump (under food conditions) start wanting to act in reverse (they are basically "passive" pumps known to act equally well in reverse). By providing the 2e- necessary, these pumps will recreate NADH and FADH food energy and deplete some of the H+ gradient and recreate NADH or FADH. The other two pumps do not absorb light energy. CcO is blue in color like some bacteria as a result of the coppers that are absorbing blue's opposing color, red (and infrared).

The increased H+ gradient creates more ATP, and the reversed pumps create more NADH and FADH. This halts the krebs cycle which increases the available pyruvate and therefore glucose so that energy stores are increased for time periods longer than ATP.

Only in recent years has the functioning of CcO been understood well enough to show how it could be run in reverse.

From a PhD thesis:

"Tyrosine residues in photosynthetic plants ...have been shown to ... oxidize H2O to O2 which is the reverse of CcO. Therefore [this tyrosine residue at the center of CcO] is presumed to play an important role in [here comes the blah blah blah that just misses the "reversibility" point] in electron redistribution and electron transfer at the active site"  There it is, right under their nose, screaming at them "i am capable of photosythesis". A single red photon hitting the copper that's right next to this tyrosine residue is all that's needed to split the H2O to O2. Right before that paragraph she wrote that the tyrosine residue is "highly conservative" which means "easily reversible"

Scott

Terminal Electron Acceptor
Perhaps I'm wrong, but I've been educated that the terminal electron acceptor is oxygen (or another inorganic molecule such as Fe3+, NO3-, etc.), and that cytochrome oxidase catalyzes this reaction (not that cytochrome oxidase IS the terminal electron acceptor). In the sense that cytochrome oxidase is the final protein in the ETC to have the electron it is the terminal acceptor, but it is merely passing it off to it's final acceptor, oxygen. Therefore, I think that calling it the terminal electron acceptor is misleading and this should be reworded.
 * Good point. Cytochrome C oxidase it is the final protein which accepts electrons in the electron transfer chain, but the terminal electron acceptor (in the chemical sense) is oxygen. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Zephyris (talk • contribs) 10:37, 12 February 2007 (UTC).

Competitive inhibitors
Concerning the following extract: "Cyanide, sulfide, azide, and carbon monoxide[5] all bind to cytochrome c oxidase, thus competitively inhibiting the protein from functioning..." I wanted to clarify whether Cyanide was a competitive or a non-competitive inhibitor. The source given only concerns Carbon Monoxide, and some other sources (Examples: 1, 2 and 3) call Cyanide non-competetive. -- Mixy1 —Preceding undated comment added 19:53, 10 January 2013 (UTC)
 * I was also taught that CN- is a non-competitive COX inhibitor. I think Mixy1's refs are sufficient to establish that, and a quick search doesn't throw up any recent research to the contrary, so I've made the change.  I played safe by also removing the phrase about preventing binding of oxygen. Pastychomper (talk) 13:12, 20 March 2018 (UTC)

They need to point out that COX also refers to Cyclo-oxygenase
I am no expert in the field, but the medical and drug literature commonly refer to COX as cyclo-oxygenase, a totally different system. So, many readers might make the mistake that this discussion of COX applies to the other system. There should be a clear statement in this article that points out the difference. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 172.56.21.235 (talk) 08:00, 16 April 2018 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 12:38, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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Hello everyone,

I have been looking for more up to date articles to supplement and enhance the article. Most of the ones referenced and the ones I am finding on my own seem to be from the 70s and 90s. Has anyone found more recent research that could help this article? Cmiller02 (talk) 02:47, 28 January 2018 (UTC)

What membrane?
The enzyme cytochrome c oxidase ... is a large transmembrane protein complex found in bacteria, archaea, and in eukaryotes in their mitochondria.

It is the last enzyme in the respiratory electron transport chain of cells located in the membrane.

The mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotes, but some other (unspecified) membrane otherwise? "I'll take 'membranes of archaea' for 500, Alex." — MaxEnt 13:03, 22 September 2018 (UTC)

cytochrome c oxidase 1 and DNA barcoding
Seems like there should be a link to DNA barcoding since COX1 is the barcode region for animals. JuanTamad (talk)

title: Talk:Cytochrome c oxidase


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sailor Mouth quotes (uncensored)

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Speedy deleted HappyCamper 00:24, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

Sailor Mouth quotes (uncensored)
Apparently a lift from Sailor Mouth with the word "fuck" added. I quail in terror at the sheer daring and bravado of this, or something. More to the point, I can't see it being in the least bit encyclopedic. Shimgray 18:03, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete Distorted, nothing encyclopedaic about it. Manik Raina 19:35, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete speedy or otherwise, if and when the uncut version differences are verified, it would belong in the main article, sorry kiddies. SquareAlf PantsSponge 19:48, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Talk:Mark Brydon

Removed hyperbole
"This is a man to be kept track of, with a constantly evolving career and unclassifiable trend-setting styles, Brydon is always ahead of his time."--Deadworm222 18:04, August 28, 2005 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Mark Brydon


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User:CannotResolveSymbol

An occasional Wikipedia editor...

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text: Talk:U-Turn (song)

title: Talk:U-Turn (song)


text:
Talk:Muonium

Muonium
How can Muonium ( μ+e–) be "used to produce muon-catalyzed fusion in which muons shield the positive charge of the nuclei" when the charge of the Muon is positive? Are there details not told in the article or is it plain nonsense? 84.160.214.211 18:06, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I believe it is incorrect. Muon catalysed fusion is done with μ- not μ+. This group studies fusion catalysed by "muonic molecules" consisting of a proton and a negative muon, the person who posted it was probably getting confused with that process. I've removed it from the article. -- Tim Starling 00:02, August 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * Sorry to chime in so late, but I agree. Muon-catalysed fusion is done with μ−. -- Fcy (talk) 09:21, 22 November 2010 (UTC)

Any non-elastic interaction μ+e– goes into the associated neutrinos (anti-mu neutrinos and e neutrinos) and not in two photons as in e+e- or μ+μ– annihilation. I agree with Tim Starling. serbanut —Preceding signed but undated comment was added at 08:00, 15 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Yes, but let's not forget about the search for physics beyond the standard model. See, for instance, searches for mu -> e gamma, or for μ+e− -> μ−e+ (spontaneous conversion of muonium to anti-muonium, a search I'm personally familiar with (we didn't find it, but we only looked so hard, back in the 1980s)).  -- Fcy (talk) 09:21, 22 November 2010 (UTC)

What happens if you fuse two Muonium atoms with an oxygen atom? Does it make something simular to water? Mu2O Mayby?--24.121.0.194 (talk) 22:29, 8 October 2008 (UTC)

 * Why not? It would be awfully short-lived, though (τμ ~2.2 microsecond). -- Fcy (talk) 09:21, 22 November 2010 (UTC)

What about atoms with electrons substituted by muons? What are their name/lifetime/properties? --Anton (talk) 18:12, 11 May 2009 (UTC)

 * Don't know what they're called, but they can't last much longer than a muon's lifetime (~2.2 microsecond). Since the muon has a mass about 200 times greater than that of an electron, their orbitals are commensurately smaller (hence the possibility of muon-catalyzed fusion).  I don't know for sure which electrons they'd displace, but I'd expect them to fall into 1s orbitals first, followed by 2s, 2p, . . . -- same as electrons, just closer in.  Perhaps they could be used to study nuclear structure?  But I'm just speculating; I don't know if anyone's used them for that purpose.  -- Fcy (talk) 09:21, 22 November 2010 (UTC)

Particle?
I removed the word "particle" from the definition of muonium, even though it appears in the IUPAC Gold Book cited. I studied physics, not chemistry, so I don't know whether or not this is normal usage in the context of chemistry but, in the context of physics, muonium is an atom, not a particle. --Fcy (talk) 01:01, 23 June 2010 (UTC)

Nomenclature
Hey, can somebody chime in regarding the nomenclature? I know that most of that paragraph is correct, but I kind of doubt the passage about muium. After all, the particle is called muon, not mu (even though that is the letter that usually represents it, of course). Is it common to only use a part of the original positive particle's name as basis to then add -ium? Otherwise "true muonium" should have been called muononium, and the passage about irregular nomenclature should be changed accordingly. Please note that I do not intend to rename particles, this is just about the explanation in the text. :) --RealZeratul (talk) 15:31, 21 November 2016 (UTC)

 * I hope that discussions of nomenclature are just a tempest in a teapot. IUPAC says "muonium".  The Particle Data Group says "muonium". Citation: P.A. Zylaet al.(Particle Data Group), Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys.2020, 083C01 (2020), https://pdg.lbl.gov/2020/listings/rpp2020-list-muon.pdf

 * Maybe the problem originates with positronium? Is that the bound state of a positron and an electron, a hydrogen-atom analogue, or is it the bound state of a positron with its antiparticle, which latter just happens to be an electron?  I suppose it could depend on the context.

 * One could look at other hydrogen analogues, such as deuterium, a bound state between a deuteron and an electron. We don't call it "deuteronium".

 * The Particle Data Group also has a recently revised section on Hadron Naming, https://pdg.lbl.gov/2020/reviews/rpp2020-rev-naming-scheme-hadrons.pdf, in which they do not use names like charmonium except in a generic sense. Any particular bound state has its own, unique, name, based on the most massive of the quarks, see Section 8.3.

 * I think user RealZeratul makes a strong case for calling "muononium" rather than "true muonium", if "-onium" is supposed to mean particle and antiparticle, as opposed to "-ium" for atoms.  But then, this is all just a matter of history, now, and at Wikipedia we just report on what others say, we don't advance our own research.

 * Fcy (talk) 23:20, 8 June 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Muonium


text:
Talk:Fresh Meadows, Queens, New York

This is the first line of the article:

Fresh Meadows, Queens, New York is a neighborhood in Northeastern Queens, New York, which is traditionally bordered to the east by Francis Lewis Boulevard, to the south by Union Turnpike, to the north by Kissena Park, and to the west by Fresh Meadow Lane.

Why is the word traditionally used. Are there other borders? I vote to remove the word. --Andrew Eisenberg 18:07, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

Seems to me that if the border to the west is Fresh Meadow Lane, then PS 173 would not be considered within its boundaries. Perhaps 164th Street should be considered a more accurate western boundary?

~Agreed. Ian 02:19, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Fresh Meadows, Queens, New York


text:
User:Janizary

Pissed at me for something? Want to thank me for meddling? Leave a message. {| width="100%" {| width="100%" style="background-color: #F8EABA; color:#949EB3;"
 * valign="top" style="border: 4px solid #A85B3E; background-color: #43534A; color #949EB3;" |
 * valign="top" style="border: 4px solid #A85B3E; background-color: #43534A; color #949EB3;" |

I am Jan, Jan I am.

Would you like fried pickles and ham?

M ost notable of my work is in Orillia, Ontario  and  OpenBSD, where in a couple months I helped to take it from this to where it is now. I've edited stuff for all kinds of topics, but mostly cleaning up a typo here or blatant lie there.

I gave up on stopping people from adding adverts to the Ultima Online  article, though I had maintained it for a while prior to getting myself an account.

Going to do some geographic stuff as well as historic and statistical thing for the Orillia and surrounding areas' pages.

Plus I am going to try and expand Theo de Raadt  to biographical levels and try and get in a little information about  Todd C. Miller  and maybe  Damien Miller  as well.

I've been known to meddle with the FreeBSD,  open source  and  OpenSSH  articles if I see something crazy going on. So if you need a hand expanding something in one of those articles, chances are you can con me into proofing it and giving you a hand.

I am currently overly busy with my boring attempt at computer consulting to do too much work on the various wikish sites and I am starting to feel the need to just do stuff off on my own, since wikis tend to be too chaotic and overly vandalised/bikeshedded. I am working on my own OpenBSD reference book/site as a way of better learning Unix and to clean up my writing style.

Got OpenBSD Featured on January 22, it looked like this.

Oh, and Sandbox.

Note:
This user is Canadian, that means his spelling and grammar are a horrid mix of the  English ,  American  and  French  styles.

 Metalinks: MetaWiki  -  WikiBooks  -  Uncyclopedia  - WikiTree

 * }
 * }

title: User:Janizary


text:
Talk:1959 Atlantic hurricane season

Hurricane 3
A lot of the information about Dennis talks about it taking the record from Cindy for earliest 4th named storm. And always, it says Hurricane 3 was unnamed in 1959... but nothing I've seen has said why Hurricane 3 was unnamed. Any ideas how to find that info and put it in this article?

Most likely, the storm wasn't upgraded until after the season was over. Operationally, the National Hurricane Center can't possible receive all of the data from various weather stations and ships, so they take time to process the data after the season is over. This is (most likely) why Hurricane 3 wasn't named. It was possibly a tropical depression, or it was treated as a nontropical low, but after the season, it was upgraded. Hurricanehink 03:25, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

Retirement of Gracie sentance
"Gracie would later be retired, though it is unclear if the name was retired or not." - this makes no sense to me. It's self contradictory (and unsourced).  S ven M anguard  Wha?  18:27, 1 January 2012 (UTC)
 * I'll probably be working in late-February or March, though I'll address it soon.  HurricaneFan 25  —  18:31, 1 January 2012 (UTC)

Orphaned references in 1959 Atlantic hurricane season
I check pages listed in Category:Pages with incorrect ref formatting to try to fix reference errors. One of the things I do is look for content for orphaned references in wikilinked articles. I have found content for some of 1959 Atlantic hurricane season's orphans, the problem is that I found more than one version. I can't determine which (if any) is correct for this article, so I am asking for a sentient editor to look it over and copy the correct ref content into this article.

Reference named "MWR": From 1964 Atlantic hurricane season:  From List of off-season Atlantic hurricanes:  From 1958 Atlantic hurricane season: 1958 Monthly Weather Review From 1961 Atlantic hurricane season:  From 2005 Atlantic hurricane season:  From Tropical Storm Arlene (1959):  From 1957 Atlantic hurricane season:

I apologize if any of the above are effectively identical; I am just a simple computer program, so I can't determine whether minor differences are significant or not. AnomieBOT ⚡ 04:58, 1 March 2013 (UTC)

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title: Talk:1959 Atlantic hurricane season


text:
Phoenix Rising (The Temptations album)

Phoenix Rising is a 1998 studio album by American vocal group The Temptations. It was released on the Motown label on August 18, 1998. Featuring the debut of new Temptations members Barrington "Bo" Henderson, Terry Weeks, and Harry McGilberry, following the departure of Ali-Ollie Woodson, who ended his tenure with the group (following the release of the 1995 album For Lovers Only); as well as the final Temptations album for Theo Peoples, who Henderson replaced.

The album, the Temptations' first million-selling album in over twenty years, features the hit single "Stay" Although not commercially released as a single, "Stay" became a top 30 hit on the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, peaking at number 28. It also peaked at number one on the Urban Adult Contemporary charts. Later singles "This Is My Promise" and "How Could He Hurt You" became top five hits respectively on the later chart as well. Phoenix Rising was certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on November 15, 1999.

Critical reception
AllMusic editor Andrew Hamilton wrote that "Temptations' albums used to feature a baritone voice distinct from the tenor not only in register, but in style and phrasing; here the voices are too similar. Still, not a bad silver platter when you take the personnel changes into consideration."

Commercial performance
Phoenix Rising became the band's first studio album to receive a platinum certification from the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).

Track listing
Notes
 * $undefined$ denotes additional producer(s)

Personnel
all except “How Could He Hurt You?”
 * The Temptations
 * Terry Weeks -tenor/baritone vocals
 * Barrington "Bo" Henderson - tenor vocals only on "How Could He Hurt You"
 * Theo Peoples - second tenor/baritone vocals;
 * Otis Williams - second tenor/baritone vocals
 * Ron Tyson - first tenor/falsetto vocals
 * Harry McGilberry - bass vocals

title: Phoenix Rising (The Temptations album)


text:
Jerzy Kropiwnicki

Jerzy Janusz Kropiwnicki (born 5 July 1945 in Częstochowa) is a Polish right-wing politician, member of Law and Justice party.

He was leader of small party Christian-National Union (Zjednoczenie Chrześcijańsko-Narodowe, ZChN). He was a president of the city of Łódź from 2002 until 2010.

In 2003 he banned "Parade of Freedom" (techno music festival) in the city (which was taking place between 1997 and 2003).

In November 2006 he was reelected for the office of president of the city of Łódź, but was ousted by referendum in January 2010, in which 96 percent of voters (turnout 22.2 percent) voted against him (parties in favour of Kropiwnicki advised their supporters to boycott the referendum in an effort to bust quorum).

title: Jerzy Kropiwnicki


text:
Abu Muhammad al-Maqdisi

Abu Muhammad al-Maqdisi (أبو محمد المقدسي; born 1959), or more fully Abu Muhammad Assem al-Maqdisi (أبو محمد عاصم المقدسي), is the assumed name of Assem ibn Muhammad ibn Tahir al-Barqawi (عاصم بن محمد بن طاهر البرقاوي), an Islamist Jordanian-Palestinian writer. A Salafi jihadi ideologue, he has popularized many of the most common themes of radical Islam today, like the theological impetus given to the notion of Al Wala' Wal Bara', being the first to declare the Saudi royal family to be apostates or considering democracy a religion, and thus whoever believes in it to be an apostate, but he is best known as the spiritual mentor of Jordanian jihadist Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, the initial leader of al-Qaeda in Iraq. However, an ideological and methodical split emerged between Maqdisi and Zarqawi in 2004 due to Zarqawi's takfeer proclamations towards all the Shia populations in Iraq. Maqdisi opted for a more cautious approach towards targeted Shia killings, attempting to stop Zarqawi's radical ideological movement before Zarqawi's methods become counter-productive.

The writings of Maqdisi still have a wide following; a study carried out by the Combating Terrorism Center of the United States Military Academy (USMA) concluded that Maqdisi "is the most influential living Jihadi Theorist" and that "by all measures, Maqdisi is the key contemporary ideologue in the Jihadi intellectual universe". The Tawhed jihadist website, which he owns, continues to operate; the USMA report describes it as "al-Qa`ida's main online library".

Background
Maqdisi was born in 1959 in the city of Nablus, West Bank. At a young age his family immigrated to Kuwait. He later studied at the University of Mosul in Iraq. It was during this time he began to take on an Islamist world view.

He began to travel around Kuwait and Saudi Arabia in order to visit with numerous religious students and sheikhs. However he came to believe that many of these religious figures were ignorant of the true state of affairs in the Muslim world. He then began to study the writings of Sayyid Qutb and Hassan al-Banna and the methods of the Muslim Brotherhood.

Maqdisi travelled to Pakistan and Afghanistan and met many of the Afghan jihad groups there at the time. In Pakistan he was based in the city of Peshawar, a center for the Afghan Jihad, remaining there for three years as a professor of religion, where he first met the later notorious Jordanian jihadist Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, and also where he published some of his most famous books : Millat Ibrahim, considered to be his single most influential work, and Al-Kawashif al-Jaliyya fi Kufr al-Dawla al-Sa'udiyya, where he declared the Saudi state to be infidels. He also confronted the members of Takfir wal-Hijra and wrote a book refuting their extreme views. In 1992, he returned to Jordan. He began to denounce the Jordanian government and what he believed were the man-made laws being implemented there. He was also the first prominent Islamist scholar to brand the House of Saud as unbelievers or takfir, and to hold the adoption of democracy as tantamount to apostasy. His teachings gained many adherents and this earned him the attention of the Jordanian government, and he was arrested and imprisoned. During the years 1995–99 both he and al-Zarqawi were in prison together and he exerted a strong influence on al-Zarqawi, shaping his Islamist ideology. Their strategic plans were described by Fouad Hussein in his book Al-Zarqawi: The Second Generation of Al Qaeda.

After they were released from prison, al-Zarqawi departed for Afghanistan while Maqdisi stayed in Jordan. He was later rearrested on terrorism charges for conspiring to attack American targets in Jordan. He was released again in July 2005, but arrested again after he gave an interview to al Jazeera. In 2009 he defended himself against "younger extremists accus[ing] him of going soft" by quoting the American Combating Terrorism Center at West Point, which identified him "as a dangerous and influential jihadi theorist."

Maqdisi served a five-year term in a Jordanian prison for allegations of jeopardising state security and recruiting jihadists to fight in Afghanistan. He was released in June 2014 by the Jordanian government, in a move speculated to be motivated by their opposition to the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. On 21 September 2014, he advocated for the release of British hostage, Alan Henning. Al-Maqdisi said, "Henning worked with a charitable organization led by Muslims which sent several aid convoys to help the Syrian people. Is it reasonable that his reward is being kidnapped and slaughtered? ... He should be rewarded with thanks. ..We call on the (Islamic) State to release this man (Henning) and other aid group employees who enter the land of Muslims with a guarantee of protection ... according to the judgment of Shariah law," he said."

Maqdisi has also told those thinking of fighting for the Yemeni government against the Shia insurgency of the Houthis, that they should instead keep well out of the war against the Houthis because Yemeni's must not help Yemen's pro-Western government, which deserves to be overthrown.

Jihadi relationships
Dr. Abdullah al-Muheisini, a Saudi expat and religious scholar who abandoned his life of wealth and privilege in Saudi Arabia to struggle side by side with the mujahideen in Syria, endorsed Islamic scholars like Al-Balawi, Eyad Quneibi, Tareq Abdulhalim, Hani al-Siba'i, Yusuf al-Ahmed, Abdulaziz al-Tureifi, Suleiman al-Ulwan, Abu Qatada al-Filistini, and Abu Muhammad al-Maqdisi.

Doğu Türkistan Bülteni Haber Ajansı reported that the Turkistan Islamic Party was praised by Abu Qatada along with Abdul Razzaq al Mahdi, Maqdisi, Muhaysini and Ayman al-Zawahiri.

Abu Muhammad al-Maqdisi and Abu Qatada were referenced by Muhaysini.

Upon the death of Omar Abdel-Rahman, condolences were given by al-Maqdisi.

Tariq Abdelhaleem complained about Hayyat Tahrir al-Sham being criticized by Barqawi. Tariq criticized on a statement on Hayyat by Barqawi. Tariq posted a tweet defending Abu Jaber against Barqawi. Nusra was criticized by Maqdisi. An HTS spokesman was slammed by Al-Maqdisi Barqawi was criticized by Tariq.

Euphrates Shield was attacked and criticized by al-Maqdisi.

Democracy
Al-Maqdisi elucidated his perspective on democracy in his book, "Democracy: A Religion":"“By legislating man-made laws rather than divine ones, they challenge the sovereignty of the Deity. This of course is shirq [idolatry] and is the most severe of the sins that one can commit against Allah. Because these legislators disbelieve in Allah and His divine law, it is the duty of every Muslim to fight them through jihad.”"Al-Maqdisi defines democracy as:"“political philosophy that draws adherents to it, much like socialism and communism. In this way it competes with true religions such as Islam. In fact, democracy is greater than the cogs that put it to work, for if the people would demand of their representatives to inject the law with a more Islamic flavor, they would be told it contradicts democracy.”"

Works

 * This is our Aqeedah
 * Millat Ibrahim
 * Democracy is a Religion
 * The Obvious Proofs of the Saudi State's Disbelief
 * ...So, Do Not Fear Them!
 * Expecting the Best from Allah
 * Delighting The Sight by Exposing the Doubts of Contemporary Murjiah
 * Meezaanul-I'itidaal li-taqyim kitaab ul-Mawrid al-Zilaal fi-Tanbeeh ala' Akthaa al-Dhilaal

title: Abu Muhammad al-Maqdisi


text:
User:Broklynite

Hi there. I live in New York and currently work in a nanolab while attending classes. I am very proud to be a member of this wonderful project. In my spare time, I like to read, watch movies and play video games (but don't tell my boss I have spare time, or that I play games for the love of god) = )

title: User:Broklynite


text:
Didier Dinart

Didier Dinart (born 18 January 1977) is a French retired handball player and current coach of US Ivry Handball.

During his playing days, he played for the internationally renowned BM Ciudad Real handball team in Spain (where he was partner to, among others, Luc Abalo). Before joining BM Ciudad Real, he played for Montpellier HB of which is currently one of the best French clubs.

He was a highly skilled defensive player, and is widely regarded as one of the world's best handball defensive players. This effectiveness has granted him the nickname of La Roca (The Rock) in Spain.

He is also one of the most enduring players of the national team: his first appearance on the team was on 20 December 1996 against Croatia. He won all three major titles in handball (European championship, world championship, Olympic championship). He has represented France at four Olympic Games, including winning the gold medal at the 2008 Beijing Olympics and the 2012 London Olympics.

Honors

 * World Cup : 2001, 2009, 2011
 * Champions League : 2003, 2006, 2008
 * French Championship : 1998, 1999, 2000, 2002, 2003
 * Spanish Championship : 2004
 * Spanish Supercup : 2004
 * Copa Asobal :
 * French Cup : 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003
 * EHF Men’s Champions Trophy: 2006

title: Didier Dinart


text:
Talk:Succession to the Dutch throne

Untitled
I reverted the edit which added background info to the reasons for Friso not asking for parliamentary approval of his marriage. This is a factual list of succession with some minor notes as to how it came to be as it is. For more info on the whole Friso-Mabel-Bruinsma affaire, one can click his name ... --Dengo 09:50, 21 September 2005 (UTC)

fair enough. It should be parliamentary approval though, not governmental. ... Baszoetekouw 11:00, 21 September 2005 (UTC)

Exellency??
I noticed that in this article and some others, the children that are Counts and Countesses of Orange-Nassau get the style of His or Her "Exellency". I never heard about that. No other Dutch Counts are called that either.--81.59.191.137 09:20, 17 December 2005 (UTC)

 * No, doesn't seem right to me either. The Dutch style is "hooggeboren heer" (count) or "hooggeboren vrouwe" (countess) (hooggeboren = "highly born"), by the way. Sixtus 19:33, 17 December 2005 (UTC)

unborn children
Article 26 of the Constitution of the Kingdom of the Netherlands states: ''For the purposes of hereditary succession, the child of a woman pregnant at the moment of the death of the King shall be deemed already born. If it is stillborn it shall be deemed to have never existed.'' So, when Princess Maximá or Princess Laurentien is pregnant, the unborn child is in the line of succession. Sixtus 23:19, 24 January 2007 (UTC)

Princes Maurits and Bernhard...
...have been removed from the line of succession because they are too distantly related to the reigning King. Therefore they should not be shown in a chart of the current line.

They could return to the line, if their mother were to become Queen (assuming the prior demise of all of Princess Beatrix's descendants). If that happens, they should be added to the chart then. Not before - Wikipedia is not a Crystal Ball!

If you disagree, please discuss here so a consensus can be reached. P M C 10:11, 4 May 2013 (UTC)
 * The article does not say that they are in the line. What we have there is a graphical representation of relationships between people who are in the line. Princess Beatrix is also there, although she cannot possibly ascend the throne again. In fact, Prince Maurits has a better chance at ascending the throne than Princess Beatrix. See Line of succession to the British throne and Line of succession to the Monegasque throne, both of which feature people who are not in the line but who are there because they are not completely barred from succession or for another reason. Surtsicna (talk) 10:24, 4 May 2013 (UTC)

 * On the contrary. By including them in the chart, the implication is clear: the article is titled 'Line of Succession to the Dutch Throne' The subsection and chart is titled 'Line of Succession'. As you said just now yourself, it 'is a graphical representation of relationships between people who are in the line.' These two princes are now excluded from the line by the Grondwet, and thus it is clear they should not appear in the chart. Should some disaster befall the 7 higher-placed heirs while their mother is still alive, they will return. That is when they and their children should be added back in. Not before. The only reason the two former queens appear here, is to show how and why Constantijn and Margriet are in line to succeed, otherwise they too would no longer appear, since one is 'constituionally dead' and the other is actually dead.

 * The notes under the chart make it clear that Margriet has four sons, two of whom could be in line to the throne should she ever come to the throne herself, and explain why it is they are not (currently) in the line of succession. That is the best way to represent this information.

 * The line of succession to the British throne does not serve as a comparison, because that line is not limited by degrees of kinship as the Dutch throne is. P M C  13:00, 4 May 2013 (UTC)
 * You are the one who is making up the implication and the one who should obtain a consensus at the talk page in order to alter an established way of dealing with this issue. Saying that I am "unilaterally and repeatedly reverting" is absolutely ridiculous, given that you are the first of many editors of this page who misunderstood the table. Margriet's elder sons' children were in the graphical representation before Beatrix abdicated although they never had any succession rights. That is because they are not prohibited from ascendng the throne, much like their father's aren't. They are not in the line and that is made very clear by both the graphical representation (the lack of numbers next to their names, their names in italic, etc) and the Notes section. They can, however, be chosen to ascend the throne, unlike Juliana's all other descendants. British and Monegasque lines are comparable to this one because all three feature people who are not presently in the line but who can become a part of it (or whose descendants can become a part of it). Surtsicna (talk) 13:13, 4 May 2013 (UTC)

 * How can one talk of a status quo, of article stability, when the line of succession changed less than a week ago!? The article needed to change. I changed it. At the same time I changed it, I put notes on the talk page explaining what I had done and why. I put a similar note on the change history. The only person who has bothered to raise any objection is you. You decided not to discuss it though, but reverted my change immediately to your previous version, indeed before I had even finished all of my edits. Oh well. I can't be bothered to waste any more time arguing the toss with you. I believe you are wrong, but nevermind. You carry on with 'your' article. I shall leave you to it. P M C  12:37, 5 May 2013 (UTC)
 * As I said, the children of those princes were in the table prior to 30 April. I have also explained why. That is how one can talk of a status quo and article stability. Nobody raised any objections to the presence of their children's names in the table and nobody thought they were in the line, which is not surprising since it was made very clear that they were not in the line. The same is now true for the princes themselves. Princess Margriet is clearly the last one numbered and there are notes explaining the entire situation. As I said, her elder sons and their children are not completely prohibited from ascending, unlike her younger sons and their children and Willem-Alexander's other aunts and their descendants. That is why Margriet's descendants should be in the table. Surtsicna (talk) 12:45, 5 May 2013 (UTC)

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proximity of blood
What motivated the proximity rule? It seems relevant only in farfetched circumstances, e.g. the king outlives his own great-grandchildren. If no one survives within the three degrees, is the monarchy automatically abolished? —Tamfang (talk) 06:22, 17 September 2022 (UTC)

 * I think that it is for the line of succession to be not too long and thus to be well known. If no one survives within the three degrees then there will be a procedure to choose a new king or queen. May be, it would be a good proposition for some expert to describe these details on Wikipedia. D.M. from Ukraine (talk) 18:51, 23 September 2022 (UTC)

Queen Wilhelmina was the only descendant of her father to survive him. She ascended as a 10-year-old in 1890. The next in line were her cousins who ruled territories in the German Empire and/or had close relationship with the Prussian royal family, which was alarming to the Dutch and even more so to the French and the British. She reached adulthood, which was not a given at the time, and she married but her first three pregnancies ended in miscarriages and a stillbirth. After eight years of marriage she finally had a living child, followed by two more miscarriages. The Germans lost the subsequent First World War and their accession became even less desirable, so the Parliament limited the line of succession to the queen's only child. I agree that this should be explained in the article. Surtsicna (talk) 20:10, 23 September 2022 (UTC)

 * Thanks. Such an explanation should at least say who was the last ancestor with other eligible descendants; I guess Johann VI, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg? —Tamfang (talk) 20:44, 17 February 2023 (UTC)

The edit of 13 August 2023
This edit is very strange. If it has some sense then it is necessary to clarify the text. Let somebody understanding this topic clarify or delete it. As for now, I will move the text a little down. D.M. from Ukraine (talk) 11:57, 17 August 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Succession to the Dutch throne


text:
Talk:Siuslaw River Bridge

Conflicing information
The ODOT webiste lists the follow specs: The book "Elegant Arches, Soaring Spans: C.B. McCullough, Oregon's Master Bridge Builder" shows two different values:
 * Overall length: 1568 ft, Basclue length: 140 ft, Tied Arch length: 157 ft.
 * Overall length: 1643 ft, Basclue length: 157 ft, Tied Arch length: 170 ft. (credited to Oregon Historical Bridge Recording Project)
 * Overall length: 1650 ft, Basclue length: 140 ft, Tied Arch length: 154 ft. (credited to ODOT)

title: Talk:Siuslaw River Bridge


text:
Balt dynasty

The Balt dynasty or Balth dynasty (Balti or Balthi, i.e., Balts) was the first ruling family of the Visigoths from 395 until 531. They led the Visigoths into the Western Roman Empire in its declining years.

According to the historian Ablabius, as reported by the historian Jordanes, the Visigoths had been ruled by the Balti since ancient times. Jordanes, however, says that all the Goths were formerly ruled by the Amal dynasty. Relying on Cassiodorus, Jordanes says that the Balts were "second" after the Ostrogothic Amals. He claims that the family was named from long ago for its daring: "Baltha, which [in Gothic] means bold" (Baltha, qui est audax). Historian Herwig Wolfram theorizes that the name may derive from Pliny the Elder's island of Baltia (i.e., isle of the Balts), which he also calls Basilia (i.e., royal land).

The Visigoths as a nation were formed under the rule of Alaric I, the first named Balt, only in 395. He famously sacked Rome in 410. His descendants continued to rule down to 531, when on the death of Amalaric the line went extinct. In 507, the Visigoths were defeated by the Franks at the Battle of Vouillé and lost most of their kingdom. In 511, the Ostrogothic king Theoderic the Great intervened to depose the Balt king Gesalec. He ruled himself until his death in 526, when Amalaric succeeded him. Theoderic's intervention is often credited with saving the Visigothic kingdom, but it ended the Balt dynasty.

The private wealth (res privata) of the Balt kings, which had been a foundation of their legitimacy, was transformed into the royal treasury (thesaurus regalis) and became state property after 531. The dynastic principle was abandoned and kings were chosen by election until the fall of the Visigothic kingdom in 711.

List of rulers

 * Alaric I (395–410)
 * Ataulf (410–415)
 * Wallia (415–419)
 * Theodoric I (419–451)
 * Thorismund (451–453)
 * Theodoric II (453–466)
 * Euric (466–484)
 * Alaric II (484–507)
 * Gesalec (507–511)
 * Amalaric (526–531)

title: Balt dynasty


text: Template:North Atlantic Conference navbox


text:
Depressor septi nasi muscle

The depressor septi nasi muscle (or depressor alae nasi muscle) is a muscle of the face. It connects the incisive fossa of the maxilla and the orbicularis oris muscle to the nasal septum of the nose. It draws the ala of the nose downwards, reducing the size of the nostrils.

Structure
The depressor septi nasi muscle arises from the incisive foramen of the maxilla. It may also partially originate from the orbicularis oris muscle. Its fibers ascend to be inserted into the nasal septum and back part of the alar part of nasalis muscle.

It lies between the mucous membrane and the muscular structure of the lip.

Function
The depressor septi is a direct antagonist of the other muscles of the nose, drawing the ala of the nose downward, constricting the nostrils.

It works like the alar part of the nasalis muscle.

Clinical significance
During rhinoplasty, repositioning of the head of the depressor septi nasi muscle ensures normal nose position after surgery. Various approaches may be used, with similar results.

title: Depressor septi nasi muscle


text:
Der Tod und das Mädchen

"Der Tod und das Mädchen" (, "Death and the Maiden"), D 531; Op. 7, No. 3, is a lied composed by Franz Schubert in February 1817. It was published by Cappi und Diabelli in Vienna in November 1821. The text is derived from a poem written by German poet Matthias Claudius. The song is set for voice and piano.

Composition
The piece begins with an introduction in D minor; the first eight bars in the time signature 2/2. Both hands play chords. The section is quiet (pianissimo) and slow (mäßig), and presents the musical theme of Death.

The Maiden enters in the ninth bar on an anacrusis. This section is more agitated than the first; it is marked piano and "somewhat faster" (etwas geschwinder). The melody gradually increases in pitch, chromatically at points. The piano accompaniment is syncopated, playing chords of quavers alternating in the left and right hand. A diminished chord in the first bar of the third line (ich bin noch jung) creates an eerie mood. In the eighth bar of the maiden's song, on the word rühre ("touch"), the quavers stop and the rhythm of the opening section returns. Then an imperfect cadence leads to a rest with fermata. This brings the second section to a total of 13 bars in length.

The third and final section is Death's song. The music returns to the tempo and dynamics of the introduction. Death's melody has a narrow pitch range (save for the last note where the singer has the option of dropping to D below the melody line). The key modulates to F major, the relative major of D minor. With the last syllable of Death's song, the key changes into D major. The coda is almost a repeat of the introduction, except it is shortened by one bar and is now in the major key.

title: Der Tod und das Mädchen


text:
Carol Myers-Scotton

Carol Myers-Scotton (born 1934) is an American linguist. She was a Distinguished Professor Emerita in the Linguistics Program and Department of English at the University of South Carolina until 2003.

Education
She received her Bachelor of Arts from Grinnell College in 1955, and her Master of Arts in English in 1961 and Doctor of Philosophy in linguistics in 1967, both from the University of Wisconsin–Madison.

Career
She resided in Columbia, South Carolina until 2003, where she was Carolina Distinguished Professor at the University of South Carolina in the Linguistics Program and Department of English. She currently resides in Michigan, where she is an adjunct professor in the Department of Linguistics and Languages at Michigan State University, and also a visiting scholar at the MSU African Studies Center.

Publications and research
Myers-Scotton has authored or coauthored over 100 articles and book chapters in linguistics, primarily in the areas of contact linguistics, sociopragmatics, bilingualism and African linguistics. Much of her attention has been spent explaining the social and cognitive aspects of code-switching and bilingualism. In addition to her numerous articles, she has also published six books, including Contact Linguistics (2002) and Multiple Voices (2006).

Honors
Myers-Scotton has received many grants and honors, including a 1983 Fulbright Program grant to study language use patterns in Kenya and Zimbabwe, a 1994–1997 National Science Foundation grant to study grammatical constraints on code switching (with co-PI Jan Jake), and a 2004–2005 National Science Foundation grant to test a hypothesis about the grammatical aspects of the abruptness of language shift. Specifically, the study dealt with Xhosa-English bilinguals in Gauteng Province in South Africa around Pretoria and Johannesburg.

title: Carol Myers-Scotton


text:
University of Konstanz

The University of Konstanz (Universität Konstanz) is a university in the city of Konstanz in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Its main campus was opened on the Gießberg in 1972 after being founded in 1966. The university is Germany's southernmost university and is situated on the shore of Lake Constance just four kilometres from the Swiss border. It has been successful in the Excellence Initiative.

The University of Konstanz cooperates with a number of institutions, such as Harvard, Johns Hopkins University, Yale University, the University of Chicago, UC Berkeley, University of Zurich, and the Balsillie School of International Affairs.

In addition to having approximately 11,500 students from around 100 countries, the university maintains over 220 partnerships with European universities as well as numerous international exchange programmes, thereby facilitating global networking. Students may choose from more than 100 degree programmes. Its library is open 24 hours a day and has more than two million books.

Origins
A university was briefly located in Konstanz during the 17th and 18th century. As a branch of the University of Freiburg, it was located in the Lanzenhof (today a building housing the administration of justice at the Untere Laube street) and existed from 1686 to 1698 as well as from 1713 to 1715.

The University of Konstanz was founded in 1966 as a reform university. In its early years it was located in various building in the inner city until 1972, when the campus was established on the Giessberg. The university logo was designed by Otl Aicher in 1980, one of the most well-known graphic designers of the 20th century.

Instead of creating institutes, the university was designed with (smaller than usual) departments and working groups, with a focus on developing teaching through research. In order to more easily transcend the boundaries between academic subjects and infrastructure, the Anglo-Saxon concept of the campus university was adapted, through which the administration and service providers such as the canteen and library have become easily accessible and centralised locations. The reform measures included the transformation of traditional learning and instructional mediums such as lectures to seminars or tutorials. The use of course-related performance assessments developed out of the implementation of these new measures.

Transitions
The single-stage legal education and training was adapted by the university in the context of a pilot programme in the 1970s and 1980s, in which the practical phase and university study were closely interlinked. At the beginning, the university also offered basic studies in social science through which students of administrative science, economics and law completed their studies together.

After many of these projects expired, the university "reinvented" itself in accordance with the recommendations from the Mittelstraßcommission: To promote even more intense collaboration within the university, it was divided into three faculties with a total of 13 departments in 1999. The departments replaced the previous schools and working groups and the tasks and responsibilities of these schools have since been carried out and fulfilled by the faculties in accordance with the Landeshochschulgesetz LHG (state law on higher education). The university's consistent use of centralised service providers has not changed. The 24-hour library, which provides easy access to all of its books, is a well-known feature of the university.

University of Excellence
The institutional strategy of the university, "Modell Konstanz – Towards a Culture of Creativity", was adopted on 19 October 2007 in the context of the German Excellence Initiative, which administered jointly by the German Research Foundation (DFG) and the German Council of Science and Humanities. Additionally, four Collaborative Research Centres (CRC) funded by the DFG are currently operating at the University of Konstanz. The "Zentrum für den wissenschaftlichen Nachwuchs" (ZWN) or Centre for Young Researchers was recognized in this third funding line of the German Excellence Initiative and stirred great interest across Germany, leading the press to refer to the university as the "mini Harvard at Lake Constance".

The ZWN was created in 2001 to support junior researchers in gaining access to the highest possible amount of funding and flexibility for their research. It was successfully incorporated into the Zukunftskolleg in late 2007, which was again recognised in the second round of the Excellence Initiative in 2012. In that same year, the Zukunftskolleg successfully applied for co-financing from the EU-funded "Marie Curie Actions COFUND" programme in the amount of 6.24 million euros. The resulting Zukunftskolleg Incoming Fellowship Programme (ZIF-Marie-Curie-Programme) allowed the Zukunftskolleg to further develop its fellowship programme by adding one additional international component.

The DFG's 2018 Funding Atlas once again confirmed the University of Konstanz's top national rankings from 2015 in regard to external funding obtained from the DFG. When comparing the funding in terms of per-capita values for all academic staff members (including professors), the university climbed one position to 1st place in Germany. Calculated on the basis of professors alone, the university's per-capita external funding volume ranked 2nd. When counting all acdacemic staff members, the per-capita funding totals in the life sciences, the humanities, and the social sciences were ranked 1st in Germany.

The University of Konstanz's status as a research-oriented university of excellence was reaffirmed in the second round of the Excellence Initiative competition in 2012. The university has also successfully participated in the Professorinnenprogramm (funding programme for female professors). In each of its two funding phases, two female professor positions were funded through this programme.

To optimise its services, the university's library, IT Service Centre and administrative IT were combined in 2012 to form the new organisational unit Communications, Information, Media Centre (KIM).

The Excellence Strategy of the German Federal and State Governments at the University of Konstanz: The University of Konstanz submitted three full cluster proposals to the DFG in February 2018. The funding decision for the Excellence Cluster funding line was announced on 27 September 2018: Two of the three submitted cluster initiatives will be funded: The "Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour" and "The Politics of Inequality: Perceptions, Participation and Policies". Since two Clusters of Excellence are the prerequisite for competing in the second funding line "Universities of Excellence", the University of Konstanz has submitted a full proposal in this funding line in December 2018. The German Council of Science and Humanities will announce the final decision in regard to the second funding line in July 2019.

Geography
The university comprises approximately 90,000 square metres and lies on the Gießberg within the Mainauwald (Mainau forest). It belongs to Konstanz's Egg district, with the old village of Egg located a distance of 200 metres from campus on the far side of the Mainaustrasse (Mainau street). Two pedestrian and bike bridges connect the university grounds to the village and lakeside. Just like the village, the university's sports grounds are located on the lakeside of the street, north of Egg. The university's botanical garden is located to the north-west of the north parking lot and is open on weekdays. Before the independent village of Allmannsdorf was merged with the city of Konstanz on 1 January 1915, all of the land that the university now occupies belonged to this former community.

Architecture
The university was designed as a customised space to facilitate social interaction between researchers, teachers and students, thereby departing from traditional university building layouts. Instead of a scattered array of individual buildings, architect Horst Linde drafted a compact university complex with interlinked buildings. The idea was to adapt the architecture to the hillside location, similar to a mountain village. Designer Wilhelm von Wolff's idea was that "people should be able to stroll through the university as if it were an old city centre with squares and alleyways that provide opportunities for casual encounters, perhaps with something mysterious here and there to rouse expectations". In order to shorten the routes to the centrally-located Agora, the planners made it a requirement that the radius of the university area should not exceed 500 to 700 metres. Construction started in 1970 and lasted until 1983. Since then, the university has made several additions, all of which followed the original plans. In 2012, major university building sections were identified as historic monuments and provided official monument protection in recognition of their collective design and construction.

Percent for art
The following artworks have been constructed as part of Percent for art projects on university grounds: The glass roof (1972) consisting of 227 coloured pyramids in the main entrance area of the university, designed by Otto Piene; the pipe sculptures (1969–1974) by Friedrich Gräsel in the Hockgrabental; the gate structures (1984) by Georg Karl Pfahler; the spool sculpture (1972) by Gottfried Bechtold; and the wooden head sculptures (1993) by Stephan Balkenhols.

Faculties and Departments
The 13 departments of the university are divided into three faculties:

Faculty of Sciences

 * Biology
 * Chemistry
 * Computer and Information Science
 * Mathematics and Statistics
 * Physics
 * Psychology

Faculty of Humanities

 * History and Sociology
 * Literary Studies
 * Linguistics
 * Philosophy

Faculty of Politics, Law and Economics

 * Economics
 * Law
 * Politics and Public Administration

Central institutions
The university comprises several central institutions:

 * The Communication, Information, Media Centre (KIM) is the university's primary service provider for IT and library services. KIM was created in 2014 by combining the library, IT Service Centre and administrative IT. It supports teaching, research and study at the University of Konstanz.
 * The library of the University of Konstanz is the central service provider for all literature and information needs at the University of Konstanz. It provides access to approximately two million freely accessible and systematically organised print media and 1,600 work stations in an area of 25,000 square metres at the heart of the university. The library was conceptually redesigned, adapted to current requirements and thoroughly renovated between 2011 and 2017 as part of a pollutant remediation project. The library services are responsible for making printed and electronic media accessible and answer all questions that are related to their service spectrum. The KonSearch literature search engine provides access to over 400 million digital and printed media items.
 * The IT services provide all the services required for the operation and further development of a university. In this way, both researchers and students can benefit from essential services such as the email system, the e-learning platform, campus management, IT security and central storage services.
 * The International Office is responsible for advancing and sustaining international relations with other universities. It also provides support and guidance to visiting students and advises students interested in studying abroad.
 * The Career Service is a university service provider established as a joint initiative between the university, the Chamber of Industry and Commerce Hochrhein-Bodensee and the Agentur für Arbeit Konstanz-Ravensburg (employment agency). It helps students prepare to enter the job market and assists employers in their search for new employees.
 * The Language Institute (SLI) coordinates all foreign language training activities.
 * Since 2010, the Student Service Centre (SSZ) has been providing one-stop service to students who need to complete bureaucratic procedures (enrol, pay fees, receive certificates).
 * The central committees at the university are particularly important. A distinctive feature in Konstanz is the Committee on Research (AFF), which is a body of four representatives from each faculty (three professors and one academic staff member) that facilitates an equitable competition for research funds within the university. Every post-doc at the university can request staff funding and material resources from the AFF for up to two years. These funds are usually intended to provide start-up funding for third-party-funded research projects. The AFF is also responsible for distributing a substantial portion of the additional funds awarded through the Excellence Initiative.

The Studentenwerk Seezeit student services is a supra-regional service provider for German universities, including the University of Konstanz. Not only does it specialise in providing students consultation regarding BAFöG and other social services, but it is also responsible for food and refreshment services (canteen) as well as maintaining and assigning student accommodations (residence halls).

Collaborative Research Centres

 * Anisotropic Particles as Building Blocks: Tailoring Shape, Interactions and Structures (SFB 1214)
 * Chemical and Biological Principles of Cellular Proteostasis (SFB 969)
 * Controlled Nanosystems: Interaction and Interfacing to the Macroscale (SFB 767)
 * Quantitative Methods for Visual Computing (SFB-TRR 161)

Research groups

 * The Dynamics of Risk – Perception and Behavior in the Context of Mental and Physical Health (Risk Dynamics – FOR 2374)
 * New Insights into the Bcl-2 family interactions – from biophysics to function (FOR 2036)
 * Nonlinear response to probe vitrification (FOR 1394)
 * Mediale Teilhabe. Partizipation zwischen Anspruch und Inanspruchnahme (FOR 2252)
 * PsychoEconomics (FOR 1882)
 * Questions at the Interfaces (FOR 2111)
 * What if? (FOR 1614)

Institutions in the context of the German Excellence Initiative

 * Cluster of Excellence "Cultural Foundations of Social Integration"
 * Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology
 * Graduate School of Decision Sciences
 * Institutional strategy "Modell Konstanz – Towards a Culture of Creativity"
 * Zukunftskolleg

Clusters of Excellence as part of the Excellence Strategy

 * Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour
 * The Politics of Inequality

Rankings
The University of Konstanz has been ranked in several prominent university rankings. In the 2024 QS World University Rankings, it was placed 478th globally, marking it within the top 30 in Germany. Meanwhile, the institution was ranked between 251-300 worldwide in the 2024 edition of the Times Higher Education World University Rankings, positioning it approximately within the top 25-31 universities in Germany. The ARWU for 2022 assigned the University of Konstanz to a global band of 501-600, which correspondingly falls into the 32-36 range among German higher education institutions.

The university is ranked in top 100 worldwide in the field of social policy and administration in the 2020 QS World University Rankings, and ranked 51 in Political Science according to the 2020 ShanghaiRanking.

In the "Times Higher Education 150 Under 50 University Rankings", the University of Konstanz achieved 7th position globally in 2016. This position makes Konstanz the best German university amongst those assessed, all of which are under 50 years old. This assessment was underscored by the 2014 edition of the global ranking "QS Top 50 under 50", which also concentrates on universities under the age of 50. In this case Konstanz came 21st in the global comparison.

Regional collaboration
Experts from the University of Konstanz, in collaboration with experienced consultants from schools, universities and employment agencies, have conceptualised the two-day Entscheidungstraining BEST (career and study orientation training programme). Additionally, the University of Konstanz was also involved in the development of an orientation test by the universities in the state of Baden-Württemberg.

Through the collaboration with the HSG Konstanz handball team, the university supports elite sport activities by offering young and ambitious student-athletes exclusive scholarships.

International collaboration
The University of Konstanz maintains an extensive cooperation network with regional, national and international partner institutions from the areas of science, economics, politics and the public sector. On the regional level, the university cooperates closely with Kanton Thurgau. This allows us to offer, among others, joint study programmes with the Thurgau University of Teacher Education (PHTG). Other German-Swiss collaborations include the Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) and the Thurgau Institute of Economics (TWI). Through the Internationale Bodensee-Hochschule, the University of Konstanz is connected to 30 other universities in the tri-border area Germany – Austria – Switzerland. On the international level, the University of Konstanz cooperates with around 220 partner universities in the context of the Erasmus Programme. Furthermore, the University of Konstanz maintains connections to around 100 strategically important and select international institutions.

The university's International Office implements and promotes internationality in all areas of the university including research, teaching, study and administration. It enables and supports a wide range of international activities: from short visits by guest lecturers and doctoral students to summer schools, international workshops and start-up financing for new collaborations. Established networks between the university's organisational units make it possible to successfully address and complete tasks together.

For this reason, the International Office is not only the first stop for international and Konstanz students, but also for the university's departments. The Welcome Center, on the other hand, supports and guides all international guest researchers at all stages of their careers (doctoral students, post-docs and professors).

The Konstanz Science Forum
Since 2006, the University of Konstanz has hosted the Konstanz Science Forum, which is conceived as a "platform for knowledge transfer and science communication for the University of Konstanz". The forum will serve as an interface for "economy, politics and society" and deal with topics related to research and higher education during conferences. The founding members of the forum were Gerhart von Graevenitz as rector of the university, Renate Köcher from the Institut für Demoskopie Allensbach (IfD Allensbach), the biologist and science manager Hubert Markl, the philosopher Jürgen Mittelstraß and the economist Horst Siebert. Since 2008, the forum has published a series of books to commemorate its conferences. These books address topics such as creativity, "Project Europe", networks and clusters. The most recent book (2013) on "Macht und Wissenschaft" (power and science), was published by the Universitätsverlag Konstanz (university publishing house).

Student body
After a forty-year absence, the organised student body (Verfasste Studierendenschaft) was reintroduced on 13 July 2012 through the organised student body law (Verfasste Studierendenschaft-Gesetz). This allowed students to not only organise as a status group within the university, but also as an official student body or a legally binding constituent entity governed by public law (Teilkörperschaft des öffentlichen Rechts) of the University of Konstanz. The Rectorate carries out the legal supervision of this body, but not the technical supervision according to § 65b para. 6 LHG (state law on higher education). According to § 65a para. 8 LHG, the organised student body is by law a member of the student representative body of the state of Baden-Württemberg (Landesstudierendenvertretung Baden-Württemberg). By resolution of the StuPa (student parliament) and through the approval of the LEO (legislative organ) in January 2014, it also replaced the former u-AStA (university student union) in the fzs (national union of students).

Responsibilities
According to § 65 para. 2 LHG, the organised student body manages its own affairs within the framework of the legal provisions. Without infringing upon the responsibilities of the university and the Studentenwerk (state-run non-profit organisation for student services), it carries out the following tasks: The organised student body currently offers free legal advice, a bicycle workshop and a student café. A student beer garden on the campus and a bicycle rental service are run by an independent (friends') association. Due to a lack of new agreements, traditional responsibilities that are usually carried out by student body representatives in other federal states have remained with the Studentenwerk Seezeit (Seezeit student services) in Baden-Württemberg in accordance to the LHG. This applies, in particular, to issuing the semester ticket (Studi-Ticket) and providing BAföG (German Federal Training Assistance Act) counselling.
 * representing the students' political, academic and multidisciplinary interests as well as their social, economic and cultural concerns into consideration,
 * participation in carrying out university duties in accordance with §§ 2 to 7 (in particular: fostering and developing the sciences and the arts through research, teaching, study and continuing education in a free and democratic state dedicated to public welfare and the rule of law; supporting the social well-being of students; supporting junior researchers and artists, and supporting international cooperation, in particular European cooperation)
 * supporting students' political education and fostering their civic responsibility,
 * promoting equal opportunities and reducing disadvantages within the student body,
 * fostering national and international student relations.

Organisation
In accordance to article 3 § 1 of the organised student body law, which required an original vote on organisational statutes for the student body, the basic configuration of the organised student body is organised and structured on the basis of the provisions of the LHG. Additional statutes govern the particulars relating to the finances, elections, and the departmental student councils.

The organised student body's organisational structure has centralised and decentralised components. While it is its own representative body (the organised student body as such), 16 departmental student councils (Studienfachschaften) representing students from all university departments or related study programmes take on delegated responsibilities of and for the organised student body. Since the LHG binds the term Fachschaft (student council) to university institutions or faculties (§ 65a para. 4 LHG), the university chose this form of subcategorisation using a different name in order to meet the special needs of the comparatively smaller university. Since a corresponding institution does not exist for teacher education students (Lehramtsstudierende) at the university level, these students are represented by the student councils at the department to which their major study subjects are assigned to. The teacher education working group (Arbeitskreis Lehramt) and a section within the AStA (student union) support the special interests and concerns of the teacher education students.

Honorary citizens of the University of Konstanz

 * Gerhard Hess, Founding Rector
 * Kurt Georg Kiesinger, former German Chancellor
 * Horst Sund, former Rector
 * Gerhart von Graevenitz, former Rector

=== Honorary senators of the University of Konstanz ===
 * Herbert Beeck, businessman and CEO of the LBS (Badische Landesbausparkasse)
 * Dietrich H. Boesken, German industry manager and managing partner of the Boesken GmbH
 * Kurt Büttner, former chair of the Byk Gulden Lomberg (pharmaceuticals company)
 * Franz Josef Dazert, former chair of the Salamander company and co-founder of the "Förderkreis Tel Aviv" (Student Exchange with the University of Konstanz)
 * Theopont Diez † former president of the "Freunde der Universität Konstanz" (friends of the University of Konstanz), renamed in 1996 to "University of Konstanz Society" (Universitätsgesellschaft Konstanz – UGK)
 * Horst Eickmeyer, German administrative lawyer and politician
 * Joachim Fürst zu Fürstenberg † German entrepreneur
 * Hans-Werner Hector, German entrepreneur and co-founder of the SAP AG software company
 * Otto P. W. Hüni † Hüni & Co company
 * Dieter Jahn, former chair of the University Council
 * Heribert Knorr, politician
 * Wilhelm Krull, secretary general of the VolkswagenStiftung (Volkswagen Foundation)
 * Kurt Lion † Swiss entrepreneur, established the "Lion Foundation"
 * Karl Lion, son of Kurt Lion
 * Robert Maus, politician
 * Dagmar Schmieder, CEO of the Kliniken Schmieder (neurological rehabilitation clinics)
 * Nikolaus Schweickart, manager in the chemical industry
 * Franz Steinkühler, German financial and business consultant
 * Manfred Ulmer † textiles manufacturer
 * Johannes Weyl † German publisher
 * Brigitte Weyl, head of the "Universitätsverlag Konstanz"

Rectors of the University of Konstanz

 * 1966–1972: Gerhard Hess (1907–1983)
 * 1972–1974: Theopont Diez (1908–1993)
 * 1974–1976: Frieder Naschold (1940–1999)
 * 1976–1991: Horst Sund (* 1926)
 * 1991–1996: Bernd Rüthers (* 1930)
 * 1996–2000: Rudolf Cohen (* 1932)
 * 2000–2009: Gerhart von Graevenitz (1944–2016)
 * 2009–2018: Ulrich Rüdiger (* 1966)
 * 2018–2020: Kerstin Krieglstein (* 1963)
 * 2021–: Katharina Holzinger (* 1957)

Notable alumni

 * Richard Arnold, German politician
 * Zoran Đinđić – first democratic prime minister of Serbia
 * Asha-Rose Migiro – former Tanzanian Foreign Minister and 3rd Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations
 * Theodor Sproll – Rector of the Baden-Wuerttemberg Cooperative State University Loerrach
 * Ralf T. Voegele – German biologist and Dean of the Agricultural Science Faculty at the University of Hohenheim
 * Axel A. Weber – former president of the Deutsche Bundesbank and Chairman, Board of Directors of UBS
 * Angelika Kratzer – linguist working in the field of semantics and philosophy of language, professor at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst
 * Jan Hendrick Schön – physicist who was found to have fabricated several apparent breakthroughs in the field of semiconductors while working for Bell Labs, leading to one of the largest scandals in physics history. Later had his PhD revoked by the university.
 * Peter Voswinckel, German physician, medical historian and author

Awards and honours awarded by the University of Konstanz

 * DAAD prize
 * Kurt Lion Medal
 * The University of Konstanz's "Stiftung Wissenschaft und Gesellschaft" Award
 * LBS-Umweltpreis (environment award)
 * University of Konstanz Teaching Award (LUKS)
 * Nano Award of the University of Konstanz Society (UGK e.V.)
 * Doctoral Research Grant of the University of Konstanz Society (UGK e.V.)
 * Tina Ulmer Teaching Award of the "Stiftung Wissenschaft und Gesellschaft" (science and society foundation)
 * The University Council Award
 * The University of Konstanz Medal of Merit
 * VEUK prize

Points of interest

 * Botanischer Garten der Universität Konstanz, the university's botanical garden

title: University of Konstanz