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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ardzruni

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was KEEP. -Splash 23:12, 10 September 2005 (UTC)

Ardzruni
VfD tag added to article on August 20 by Aranda56, but nothing else apparently done at that time. Came across article while looking through history stubs. No opinion myself as of yet on whether it should be kept or not. Caerwine 20:01, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Oops, sorry, I forgot about that page. There is no hope for the page. It had been tagged for cleanup since Oct 2004 - almost a year - and i searched Google for some of the rulers of Ardzruni and there werent even listed there not counting the wikipedia pages. I have this feeling that this might be nonsense in the rulers side even Ardzuni all its info I found in Google was also from wikipedia pages Heavy Clean Up Or Strong Delete--Aranda56 00:52, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

 * That's okay, it happens to all of us sometimes. Anyway, I did some research of my own, and, although "Ardzruni" does seem to be {,, ) a legitimate name in Armenian history, I'm forced to concur that this page is so incoherent as to be unsalvageable - unless someone wants to rewrite it from scratch, in which case we might as well just delete it anyway and start over with a clean edit history. DS 14:25, 3 September 2005 (UTC) Nice work. Vote changed to keep. DS 17:32, 8 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep. I have cleaned up the English. No justification for deletion. Linking one name to another article has given some corroboration. Charles Matthews 07:54, 5 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Although I can't find a secondary source confirming all the names, there is no doubt from a search of Google and a few hits in articles on JSTOR (search Ardzrouni as an alternative spelling) that this was a significant dynasty of regional rulers in Armenia during a the first millennium. Edit or comment out whatever seems difficult to confirm; there is no reason to delete the entire article. Uppland 09:06, 5 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. After Charles' cleanup, this is an acceptible article. As for verifying the info here with Google, I'm not surprised that a topic like this (i.e., detailed or esoteric) would get short shrift from a search there. (I do wonder about whether we'll be able to keep this article from becoming a target for hoaxes & cranks, though.) -- llywrch 19:19, 5 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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User:Genygeniusjk

Hi, I'm Astrid. I'm 15 years old. I've written one article on Neopets Wiki, the one about Petpets. I like Wikipedia; it's awesome. It has so much information that it's hard to find anywhere else. W00t for Wiki!!

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Genygeniusjk


text:
User talk:Pentasyllabic

Heroes
Thanks for catching the duplicate "Trivia" header... there's enough fuss over even one section, so I imaging I might have been banned from the Internet for introducing *two* in one article... (grin) Cheers. --Ckatz chat spy  23:41, 23 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Hey... you might want to read through this note I left on the Heroes project page. Cheers. --Ckatz chat spy  06:08, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

Midnighter
I re-added the cn tags because the article need the info cited. Just because I may not disagree with the accuracy of the info doesn't mean that others will adopt the same viewpoint, and it is my goal to FA-proof every article I come across. Midnighter is pretty good thus far, but it is bloated to the point of morbid obesity. It needs trimming, and if people know where info needs to be tagged, then that's a great place to start the trim. - Arcayne   (cast a spell)  06:33, 5 October 2007 (UTC)

Articles for deletion/Naruto geography (2nd nomination)
An article that you have been involved in editing, Naruto geography, has been listed for deletion. If you are interested in the deletion discussion, please participate by adding your comments at Articles for deletion/Naruto geography (2nd nomination).

Another editor started it 2 November and I just noticed that the contributors still needed to be notified. -- A. B. (talk) 19:23, 5 November 2007 (UTC)

Batman is rich, Batman is smart
You made an interesting point about the Forbes thing. I had to think about that. I would argue though, that (1) wealth can be measured more objectively than intelligence and (2), more importantly, Forbes is in the business of measuring wealth but Business Week is not does not normally measure intelligence. I would sooner argue to remove the Forbes/wealth sentence than use is to support mentioning the Business Week/intelligence list. Doczilla (talk) 00:27, 10 December 2007 (UTC)

Manga images discussion
Please offer your input in a current debate on the use of manga covers in articles at Talk:List of Hunter × Hunter chapters. Thank you! Shimawa zen (talk) 01:35, 25 February 2008 (UTC)

About World of Naruto
Sorry! I was thinking about discussion. This discussion was about whether it was "Owari no Tani" or "Shumatsu no Tani", but I got them confused. I forgot what they were talking about, and was too lazy to check the archives, and I thought they were discussing whether the "Tani" part was actually "Mori", and thought that Kishimoto put a furigana indicating it being "Mori" instead of "Tani". In short, you were correct, and I got it confused. moo cows  rule 03:51, 13 December 2008 (UTC)

AfD nomination of Blue Sun
An article that you have been involved in editing, Blue Sun, has been listed for deletion. If you are interested in the deletion discussion, please participate by adding your comments at Articles for deletion/. Thank you.Please contact me if you're unsure why you received this message. Robofish (talk) 02:53, 14 April 2009 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:09, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:33, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Pentasyllabic


text:
Talk:Pantaleon

Untitled
Hi PHG!

Bopearachchi does not claim that Pantaleon ruled in Arachosia and Gandhara only. He gives a double-edged arrow between Pantaleon and Agathocles on the table on p453, probably indicating that the two kings ruled the same kingdom of Bactria and India (they share some mintmarks, as you know).

Bopearachchi also credits Pantaleon as the first king to rule in India, based on the fact that Demetrius I never struck Indian coins. This is a numismatician's view and its weaknesses are obvious to me: striking coins and conquering are two different things. Demetrios I well may have conquered India without striking coins there; so did Alexander. The Indian minting crafts were much inferior to the Greek, and to me it's perfectly plausible that Demetrius simply sent metal hoards home to his own state-of-the-art mints in Bactria, to strike unilingual coins to pay his soldiers. Pantaleon on the other hand may have had reasons to appeal to the Indian population if he wanted their support against other Greek kings. His Indian coins do not seem the work of a conqerour but of a governor trying to widen his base of support.

Also, Bopearachchi bases his chronology on a mistake; he believes that Euthydemus I ruled from 230 BCE. This date should rather be c.222 BCE as is shown in The Impact of Seleucid Decline on the Eastern Iranian Plateau: The Foundations of Arsacid Parthia and Graeco-Bactria by Jeffrey D. Lerner. Therefore Bopearachchi's approximative end date for Euthydemus I (200 BCE) - which is probably chosen to fix a reasonable limitation of 30 years to his reign - is challenged. Euthydemus may well have reigned until 195 BCE, which alters the reign of Demetrius I and thus, domino-style, all the later kings until Eucratides, whose reign as you know could be roughly estimated from other sources. Best Regards - as usual I appreciate your suggestions! --Sponsianus 20:02, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pantaleon


text: User talk:71.101.226.46

title: User talk:71.101.226.46


text: User talk:81.156.4.178

title: User talk:81.156.4.178


text:
International Women's Writing Guild

The International Women's Writing Guild (IWWG) was founded in 1976 by Hannelore Hahn. It is a 501(c)(3) non-profit writing organization whose mission is to "empower women writers personally and professionally through writing."

Programs
The IWWG sponsors an annual week-long writing conference for women writers every summer, as well as a variety of regional events throughout the year. The summer conference centers around 30 different workshops, open readings for participants, and an art studio. Regional volunteers time to organize round table discussions in their local areas and offer mentoring to other writers. There are also day long retreats that take place around the country. No portfolio or experience is needed for these retreats.

While IWWG accepts members, writers do not need to be a member in order to attend these conferences and events. The membership does give access to discounts to the events, as well as opportunities to network and sell published work.

The IWWG has been an official Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) with special consultative status at the United Nations Economic and Social Council since 1998.

The IWWG collects an annual membership fee from registered members. It offers workshops in person and online through its Digital Village.

Notable members
2023 Board Directors:

 * Batoul Aljouni
 * Jeri Brown
 * Trish Hopkinson
 * Cristina Juvier
 * Chris Sagona
 * Lisa St. John
 * Laurie White
 * Laurie White

Works

 * Hahn, Hannelore. Remember the Magic: The Story of the International Women's Writing Guild in celebration of Its 25th Anniversary, in Her Own Words (2001) New York: International Women's Writing Guild. ISBN 9780962016509

title: International Women's Writing Guild


text:
User talk:Tompick

Welcome
Hey there, . Welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you enjoy being a Wikipedian and decide to stay! Here are a few good links for newcomers (or "oldcomers" for reference):

By the way, you should sign and date your comments on talk and vote pages using four tildes, like this: ~~~~. Three tildes (~~~) produces just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome!

Great, just what we need around this place... more Toms. :) Cheers. --Lord Voldemort (Dark Mark) 20:03, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

Football players
Hi, I notice that you have made articles about football players. Don't forget to add them to their proper category (for instance: Francis Green belongs in the category "English footballers"), and to add him just insert the following text to the article:

Don't hesitate to ask me if you have questions. Punkmorten 22:10, 8 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Note: I've added him already. Punkmorten 22:10, 8 September 2005 (UTC)

Copyright Violations
I've noticed that your articles are virtually taken verbatum from ESPN Soccernet. In the future, please don't cut and paste articles from other websites onto Wikipedia, as it is illegal to do so. ErikNY 20:26, 22 September 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging for Image:Andyreid.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Andyreid.jpg. The image has been identified as not specifying the source and creator of the image, which is required by Wikipedia's policy on images. If you don't indicate the source and creator of the image on the image's description page, it may be deleted some time in the next seven days. If you have uploaded other images, please verify that you have provided source information for them as well.

For more information on using images, see the following pages:
 * Image use policy
 * Image copyright tags

This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. 13:31, 31 May 2006 (UTC)

Image Tagging for Image:Dudfield.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Dudfield.jpg. The image has been identified as not specifying the source and creator of the image, which is required by Wikipedia's policy on images. If you don't indicate the source and creator of the image on the image's description page, it may be deleted some time in the next seven days. If you have uploaded other images, please verify that you have provided source information for them as well.

For more information on using images, see the following pages:
 * Image use policy
 * Image copyright tags

This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. 10:04, 25 June 2006 (UTC)

Image tagging for Image:Andy_White.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Andy_White.jpg. The image has been identified as not specifying the source and creator of the image, which is required by Wikipedia's policy on images. If you don't indicate the source and creator of the image on the image's description page, it may be deleted some time in the next seven days. If you have uploaded other images, please verify that you have provided source information for them as well.

For more information on using images, see the following pages:
 * Image use policy
 * Image copyright tags

This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. 09:22, 27 July 2006 (UTC)

Notability of Chibuzor Chilaka
A tag has been placed on Chibuzor Chilaka requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done because the article appears to be about a real person, organization (band, club, company, etc.), or web content, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is notable: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, articles that do not indicate the subject's importance or significance may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable. If this is the first page that you have created, then you should read the guide to writing your first article.

If you think that you can assert the notability of the subject, you may contest the deletion by adding  to the top of the page (just below the existing speedy deletion or "db" tag), coupled with adding a note on the article's talk page explaining your position, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the article meets the criterion it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the article that would confirm the subject's notability under Wikipedia guidelines.

For guidelines on specific types of articles, you may want to check out our criteria for biographies, for web sites, for bands, or for companies. Feel free to leave a note on my talk page if you have any questions about this. JPINFV (talk) 15:35, 16 April 2008 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Chibuzor Chilaka
A proposed deletion template has been added to the article Chibuzor Chilaka, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process  because of the following concern:
 * As far as we can tell, he has not played in a fully professional league match - played a cup match with Notts County, played Non-League, and a trial with Hull.

All contributions are appreciated, but this article may not satisfy Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and the deletion notice should explain why (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised because, even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, the article may still be deleted if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria or it can be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. Mosmof (talk) 16:29, 7 May 2009 (UTC)

Unreferenced BLPs
Hello Tompick! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot alerting you that 2 of the articles that you created  are tagged as Unreferenced Biographies of Living Persons. Please note that all biographies of living persons must be sourced. If you were to add reliable, secondary sources to these articles, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the articles are adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the list:

Thanks!--DASHBot (talk) 23:43, 2 January 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) Brian O'Callaghan -
 * 2) Stef Frost -

Nomination of Kevin Pilkington for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Kevin Pilkington is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Kevin Pilkington until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on good quality evidence, and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion template from the top of the article. Night of the Big Wind talk  10:38, 30 January 2012 (UTC)

title: User talk:Tompick


text:
User:JesseW/List of Image doc pages

Issues of image copyright info on en.wikipedia
We have a horrible problem with untagged, insufficiently referenced images on en.wikipedia. There seem to be multiple, interconnected problems.
 * A major lack of sources for images
 * Images without tags, that allow them to be easily grouped by license
 * Users who upload images without sources or license info
 * Difficulty blocking Users who do this

The policies requiring that all images have a source and a acceptable license are a mess - they are spread over many pages, inconsistent, and confusing. Users often claim they can't understand what needs to be done, and this may well be true.

Due to the confused docs in regards to sourcing images, and the fact that people are lazy, there are many images without source information uploaded every hour.

The policy on harassing, reminding, demanding and blocking people who upload images without sources is also in disarray. There is a sentence in Wikipedia:Copyrights that claims "In extreme cases" people can be blocked for uploading copyvios, but that's not very clear, nor applicable to images simply missing info, rather than being known copyright violations.

The main reason to become more hard-nosed about images without sources is that we have lots of people happy to upload images - we are not suffering from too few uploads. Rather we are suffering from massive legal uncertainty over unknown images, and lots of obviously unacceptable images. Making it harder to upload images with insufficient information, and making the penalties higher, is an important step.

written by JesseW, the juggling janitor 20:34, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Image use policy
 * Uploading images
 * Image description page
 * Preparing images for upload
 * Copyrights

 * Requested copyright examinations - not much docs here, but important, nevertheless
 * WP:IFD
 * WP:CP
 * WP:PUI

If you know of more, please include them. JesseW, the juggling janitor 20:03, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

title: User:JesseW/List of Image doc pages


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User talk:Cozycoach~enwiki

Welcome
Hey there, . Welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you enjoy being a Wikipedian and decide to stay! Here are a few good links for newcomers (or "oldcomers" for reference):

By the way, you should sign and date your comments on talk and vote pages using four tildes, like this: ~~~~. Three tildes (~~~) produces just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome!

Great, just what we need around this place... more cozy couches... I mean coaches. :) Cheers. --Lord Voldemort (Dark Mark) 20:04, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Cozycoach. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Cozycoach~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:14, 19 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 11:46, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Cozycoach~enwiki


text: User talk:67.111.232.36

title: User talk:67.111.232.36


text:
File:PAinsignia.jpg

Comedic yap tau (go lo)

title: File:PAinsignia.jpg


text:
Zob Ahan Esfahan F.C.

Zob Ahan Esfahan Football Club (, Bâšgâhé Futbâlé Zobâhané Esfahân) is an Iranian football club based in Fuladshahr, Iran. It competes in the Persian Gulf Pro League. The team is sponsored by the Isfahan Steel Company, which also goes by the name Zob Ahan. The club's main rival is fellow Isfahani team Sepahan, which is sponsored by the rival steel mill Mobarakeh Steel Company.

Zob Ahan club also has a basketball team, sponsored by the same Isfahan Steel Company, which is one of the teams in the Iranian Super League.

In the 2010 AFC Champions League. Zob Ahan finished as runners-up losing 3–1 to South Korean club Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma in the final.

Zob Ahan has won the Hazfi Cup on four occasions (2002–03, 2008–09, 2014–15 and 2015–16) and have finished as runners-up one time (2000–01). The club has also finished as League runners-up three times (2004–05, 2008–09 and 2009–10) and has won the Iranian Super Cup once (2016).

Early years (1969–1980)
Mohammad Ali Taghizadeh Farahmand established the club in 1969. They entered the Takht Jamshid Cup in 1973 and end season in the 10th place. They promoted to the quarterfinals of the Hazfi Cup in 1976. Their best results in Takht Jamshid Cup was earned in 1977–78 in the 8th place.

Azadegan League (1980–2001)
The team has participated in the highest division of the Iranian league system since 1973, except for the 1995 season when they played in the 2nd division. After Iranian Revolution in 1979, Takht Jamshid Cup was suspended due to Iran–Iraq War. After the end of the war, league began again in the title of Azadegan League. They were once again promoted to the 1st division the year after.

PGPL (2001–present)
Zob Ahan currently play in the IPL starting from 2001. The club's first honor, remains the winning of the Hazfi Cup in 2003, after defeating the Shiraz-based team Moghavemat Sepasi in the finals. This feat was repeated in the 2008–09 Hazfi Cup, when the club beat Rah Ahan to re-claim the title after 6 years. The club made its first appearance in the AFC Champions League in 2004, as the winners of the 2003 Hazfi Cup, but were eliminated in the group stages.

Having missed out on winning their first-ever domestic league title in the 2008–09 season, Zobahan were one of the title contenders once again in the 2009–10 season. However, at the end, they had to settle for second place once again after finishing six points behind their city rivals Sepahan. They also lost their grip on the Hazfi Cup after a shock 0–2 loss to a second-division side Gostaresh Foulad in the semi-finals.

2010 AFC Champion League
In the 2010 AFC Champions League Zob Ahan finished first on the group stage that included FC Bunyodkor, Al-Wahda and Al-Ittihad. By finishing first they qualified for the first time for the Knockout stages. On the Round of 16 they draw country neighbours Mes Kerman winning 1–0. The club then qualified to the quarter-finals and were drawn with title holders Pohang Steelers, Zob Ahan won 2–1 at home and draw 1–1 on Korea, knocking-out the title holders. Zob Ahan played against Saudi powerhouse Al Hilal which they won 1–0 at home, and won 1–0 on Saudi Arabia leading the club to an Asian Champions League final where they face Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma. On 13 November, in the final Zob Ahan lost 1–3 to Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma. Zob Ahan couldn't be the champions on their 2nd Asian Champions League participation always being under-dogs. The following year the club made it to the quarter-finals but lost to Korean club Suwon Samsung Bluewings.

Dark years
After the 2011 Champions League, a 6th place league finish in 2012 meant that the club failed to retain its spot in the Champions League. The following year, the club finished 14th in the league, narrowly avoiding relegation through a play-off. Fan attendance started to dip and Zob Ahan had another sub par year in the 2013–14 Iran Pro League season, finishing 13th, changing three managers during the course of the season and again narrowly avoiding relegation.

Resurrection under Golmohammadi and Hosseini
In summer of 2014 Zob Ahan announced Yahya Golmohammadi as the club's new manager. After a poor start to the season, Zob Ahan when on a six match unbeaten run which placed them 6th in week 23. On 5 December 2015 Zob Ahan defeated Persepolis 2–1 in the Hazfi Cup semi-final to advance to the final for the fourth time in club history. On 15 May 2015 after a 0–0 draw against Padideh, Zob Ahan finished fourth and returned to the AFC Champions League after five years. Zob Ahan also won their third Hazfi Cup title after defeating Naft Tehran 3–1 in the final.

On 23 February 2016 Zob Ahan won its first match AFC Champions League since 2011, defeating Lekhwiya of Qatar 1–0. Zob Ahan qualified for the Round of 16 of the AFC Champions League on 20 April 2016 after defeating Saudi club Al Nassr 3–0 in match day 5. However, Zob Ahan were defeated 3–1 on aggregate by Emirati club Al Ain in the Round of 16. Zob Ahan once again qualified for the final of the 2016 Hazfi Cup to defend their crown against Esteghlal. Zob Ahan defeated Esteghlal in penalties and won the Hazfi Cup for the fourth time in the club's history. Zob Ahan won the Iranian Super Cup after beating Esteghlal Khuzestan 4–2 in extra time. This was the first trophy that Zob Ahan won in Foolad Shahr Stadium.

In the beginning of the 2016–17, after poor results, Golmohammadi was fired as manager of the team and was replaced by Assistant coach Mojtaba Hosseini. Hosseini led Zob Ahan to the semi-finals of the Hazfi Cup, where they lost to Tractor.

Colours and crest
One of Zob Ahan's nicknames is Sabzpoushan ("The Greens", ), stemming from their traditional kit, which is predominantly green. From the foundation of the club, the common home kit includes a green shirt, black or white shorts, and white or yellow socks. White and black colours are also seen in the kit. The away kit of the club is commonly with a white background.

Stadium and facilities
The home stadium of the club is Foolad Shahr Stadium located in Fooladshahr, Isfahan. The stadium had 20,000 capacity but was renovated to hold about 30,000 people in 2011. The stadium was built in 1998.

Rivalries
Zob Ahan is part of the Esfahan derby or Naghsh-e-Jahan derby. The Esfahan derby goes back to the 1970s, when Zob Ahan and Sepahan faced each other in Takht Jamshid Cup seasons (1974/75, 1975/76, 1976/77, 1977/78). Their rivalry resumed in the 1990s when they faced each other in Azadegan League seasons (1993/94, 1996/97, 1997/98) and from then on the two met each other twice a year.

First-team squad

 * U21 = Under 21 Player
 * U23 = Under 23 Player
 * U25 = Under 25 Player

For recent transfers, see List of Iranian football transfers summer 2022.

Retired numbers
On 18 June 2018, the club decided to retire the squad number 30 in memory of Mehdi Rajabzadeh.

Notable players
''This list of former players includes those who received international caps while playing for the team, made significant contributions to the team in terms of appearances or goals while playing for the team, or who made significant contributions to the sport either before they played for the team, or after they left. It is clearly not yet complete and all inclusive, and additions and refinements will continue to be made over time.''

Famous Players
For notable players see List of Zob Ahan F.C. players.

For details on former players see Category:Zob Ahan Esfahan F.C. players.

IPL managers
Only IPL matches are counted.

Last updated 10 August 2021.

Current coaching staff
Source:

Season-by-season
For details on seasons, see List of Zob Ahan F.C. seasons

The table below chronicles the achievements of Zob Ahan since 1973.

 * {|class="wikitable"

!Season ! League ! Position !Hazfi Cup !ACL ! Notes
 * -bgcolor="#efefef"
 * align=center|1973–74
 * rowspan="6" align="center" |Takht Jamshid Cup
 * align=center|10th
 * align=center rowspan=2|Not held
 * rowspan=17|did not qualify
 * rowspan=5|
 * align=center|1974–75
 * align=center|11th
 * align=center|1975–76
 * align=center|9th
 * align=center|1/8 Final
 * align=center|1976–77
 * align=center|15th
 * align=center|1/16 Final
 * align=center|1977–78
 * align=center|8th
 * align=center rowspan=5|Not held
 * align=center|1978–79
 * align=center|N/A
 * align=center|did not finish
 * align=center|1981–82
 * align=center|Isfahan's 2nd Division
 * style="text-align:center; background:#dfd;"|1st
 * align=center|Promoted
 * align=center|1983–84
 * rowspan="3" align="center" |Isfahan League
 * align=center|3rd
 * rowspan=4|
 * align=center|1984–85
 * align=center|2nd
 * align=center|1991–92
 * align=center|5th
 * align=center|
 * align=center|1993–94
 * rowspan="2" align="center" |Azadegan League
 * align=center|4th
 * align=center|1/8 Final
 * align=center|1994–95
 * style="text-align:center; background:#fcc;" |8th
 * align=center|1/16 Final
 * align=center|Relegated
 * align=center|1995–96
 * align=center|2nd Division
 * style="text-align:center; background:#dfd;"|2nd
 * align=center|1/8 Final
 * align=center|Promoted
 * align=center|1996–97
 * rowspan="5" align="center" |Azadegan League
 * align=center|10th
 * align=center|1/8 Final
 * rowspan=19|
 * align=center|1997–98
 * align=center bgcolor=bronze|3rd
 * align=center|Not held
 * align=center|1998–99
 * align=center|12th
 * align=center|Third Round
 * align=center|1999–00
 * align=center|5th
 * align=center|First Round
 * align=center|2000–01
 * align=center|4th
 * align=center bgcolor=silver|Final
 * align=center|2001–02
 * rowspan="21" align="center" |Iran Pro League
 * align=center|6th
 * align=center|Quarterfinal
 * align=center|2002–03
 * align=center|8th
 * align=center bgcolor=gold|Cup
 * align=center|2003–04
 * align=center|4th
 * align=center|Semi-Final
 * align=center|First Round
 * align=center|2004–05
 * align=center bgcolor=silver|2nd
 * align=center|1/8 Final
 * rowspan=5|did not qualify
 * align=center|2005–06
 * align=center|6th
 * align=center|1/8 Final
 * align=center|2006–07
 * align=center|8th
 * align=center|1/16 Final
 * align=center|2007–08
 * align=center|6th
 * align=center|1/8 Final
 * align=center|2008–09
 * align=center bgcolor=silver|2nd
 * align=center bgcolor=gold|Cup
 * align=center|2009–10
 * align=center bgcolor=silver|2nd
 * align=center|Semi-Final
 * align=center bgcolor=silver|Runner-up
 * align=center|2010–11
 * align=center bgcolor=bronze|3rd
 * align=center|1/16 Final
 * align=center|1/4 Final
 * align=center|2011–12
 * align=center|6th
 * align=center|1/8 Final
 * align=center|Play-off
 * align=center|2012–13
 * align=center|14th
 * align=center|1/4 Final
 * rowspan="3"|did not qualify
 * align=center|2013–14
 * align=center|13th
 * align=center|1/4 Final
 * align=center|2014–15
 * align=center|4th
 * align=center bgcolor=gold|Cup
 * align=center|2015–16
 * align=center|6th
 * align=center bgcolor=gold|Cup
 * align=center|1/8 Final
 * align=center bgcolor=gold|Super Cup
 * align=center|2016–17
 * align=center|4th
 * align=center|Semi-Final
 * align=center|First Round
 * rowspan="6" |
 * align=center|2017–18
 * align=center bgcolor=silver|2nd
 * align=center|1/16 Final
 * align=center| 1/8 Final
 * align=center|2018–19
 * align=center|6th
 * align=center|1/16 Final
 * align=center| 1/8 Final
 * align=center|2019–20
 * align=center|12th
 * align=center|1/16 Final
 * did not qualify
 * align=center|2020–21
 * align=center|14th
 * align=center|1/16 Final
 * did not qualify
 * align=center|2021–22
 * align=center|7th
 * align=center|1/16 Final
 * did not qualify
 * }
 * align=center bgcolor=gold|Cup
 * align=center|2015–16
 * align=center|6th
 * align=center bgcolor=gold|Cup
 * align=center|1/8 Final
 * align=center bgcolor=gold|Super Cup
 * align=center|2016–17
 * align=center|4th
 * align=center|Semi-Final
 * align=center|First Round
 * rowspan="6" |
 * align=center|2017–18
 * align=center bgcolor=silver|2nd
 * align=center|1/16 Final
 * align=center| 1/8 Final
 * align=center|2018–19
 * align=center|6th
 * align=center|1/16 Final
 * align=center| 1/8 Final
 * align=center|2019–20
 * align=center|12th
 * align=center|1/16 Final
 * did not qualify
 * align=center|2020–21
 * align=center|14th
 * align=center|1/16 Final
 * did not qualify
 * align=center|2021–22
 * align=center|7th
 * align=center|1/16 Final
 * did not qualify
 * }
 * did not qualify
 * align=center|2021–22
 * align=center|7th
 * align=center|1/16 Final
 * did not qualify
 * }
 * }
 * }

Individual records
Lists of the players with the most caps and top goalscorers for the club, (players in bold signifies current Zob Ahan player). This list includes goals from Iran Premier League.

Domestic

 * 1st Division/Persian Gulf Pro League
 * Runners-up (4): 2004–05, 2008–09, 2009–10, 2017–18
 * Hazfi Cup
 * Winners (4): 2002–03, 2008–09, 2014–15, 2015–16
 * Runners-up (1): 2000–01
 * Super Cup
 * Winners (1): 2016

Continental

 *  AFC Champions League
 * Runners-up (1): 2010

Ownership
The owner of the Zob Ahan FC is Isfahan Steel Company. Company is the first Iranian steel maker opened in late 1960, based close to the cities of Fooladshahr and Zarrinshahr, Isfahan Province.

Zob Ahan-e Esfahan and Iran's first car manufacturer, Iran National (renamed Iran Khodro after the Iranian revolution) were parts of a move from mainly agriculture-based economy toward industrialization by the pre-revolutionary government of Amir Abbas Hoveida.

title: Zob Ahan Esfahan F.C.


text: User talk:82.47.218.65

title: User talk:82.47.218.65


text:
User:No Luck

Welcome
Hey there, . Welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you enjoy being a Wikipedian and decide to stay! Here are a few good links for newcomers (or "oldcomers" for reference):

By the way, you should sign and date your comments on talk and vote pages using four tildes, like this: ~~~~. Three tildes (~~~) produces just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump. -- NatsukiGirl \talk 20:06, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

title: User:No Luck


text:
Talk:Polygamy/Re-write

Definition of polygamy (article header)
I am not expecting these subsections to appear in the article header, but rather because this is such a thorny issue, I want to be able to distinguish the types of definitions that people are drawing from. I believe that once we have some citations in each area, we can discuss the overall definition that we'll actually put on the article page. Dunkelza 17:52 August 27, 2005 (EDT)

Anthropological Definitions
Restricted to uses in the context of the science of Anthropology/Sociology/Etc.
 * The terms "polygamy" and "polygamous" will used through this work in their recognized technical sense as referring to any form of plural marriage.

 * A polygamous family consists of two or more nuclear families affiliated by plural marriages, i.e., by having one married parent in common.

Life Sciences Definitions
Restricted to uses in the context of the science of Zoology/Biology/Etc.
 * Polygamy in the broad sense covers any form of multiple mating. ... In the narrower sense preferred by zoologists, polygamy also implies the formation of at least a temporary pair bond. Otherwise, multiple matings are commonly defined as promiscuous.

 * Monogamy is the condition in which one male and one female join to rear at least a single brood.

Vernacular Defintions
To explain confusion between common uses and "actual" definitions.

We ought to note how "polygamy" is often used as shorthand for "polygyny," for example Polygamous Mormon fundamentalists, and how the few cases of polyandry are named as such. Kewp 06:53, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

Other Formal Definitions
General Dictionaries, Philosophy, etc. Elizabeth Emens discusses the legal aspects of polygamy, mostly in the United States, and includes a gender-neutral definition of polygamy:
 * To avoid this confusion, the article uses the term "polygamy" to mean several spouses, regardless of sex.

Anthropological Definitions
Newer definitions would be nice. These will hold the place until then. From Murdock:
 * Theoretically, polygamy can assume any one of three possible forms: polygyny or the marriage of one man to two or more wives at a time, polyandry or the coexistent union of one woman with two or more men, and group marriage or a marital union embracing at once several men and several women. Of these, only the first is common.

 * polygyny:the marriage of one man to two or more wives at a time.

 * polyandry:the coexistent union of one woman with two or more men

 * group marriage:a marital union embracing at one several men and several union.

 * Of these, only the first is common.

Life Sciences Definitions

 * Details under polygyny, polyandry, group marriage?

We should wait on this until we resolve the definition section. Dunkelza 17:55 August 27, 2005 (EDT)
 * Originally, I thought waiting would be good. However, in looking up the sociobiology definition of polygamy, I found the related terms.  It was easier adding them all immediately, rather than finding them again later. Nereocystis 02:59, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Simultaneous polygamy:"the matings take place at more or less the same time"

 * Polygyny:"A single male mates with more than one female."

 * Harem polygyny:"simultaneous polygyny is sometimes referred to as harem polygyny"

 * Polyandry:"mating of one female with more than one male."

Other
Emens refers to one definition of polyandry which refers to multiple men without women.

 * It is through the heterosexual assumption of marriage as including at least one man and one woman that the term "polyandry" (many men) could come to mean a group including any women at all; in other contexts, the term has been employed more literally to mean simply multiple men. See ALAN HOLLINGHURST, THE SWIMMING-POOL LIBRARY 16 (1988) ("This naked mingling, which formed a ritualistic heart to the life of the club, produced its own improper incitements to ideal liaisons, and polyandrous happenings which could not survive into the world of jackets and ties, cycle-clips and duffel-coats."). A parallel point could of course be made about "polygyny."

Related terms

 * Details under polygamy

Polygamy worldwide
- prevalence of polygamy geographically
 * Details under polygyny, polyandry, group marriage

Polygamy and religion
- history and current status within different religions
 * Details under polygyny, polyandry, group marriage

Current status of civil polygamous marriage
(formerly Legal situation) - legal status of polygamy in various locals
 * Details under polygamy

United States
Polygamous marriage is not recognized in any state in the United States. In 1878, Reynolds v. United States, a Supreme Court of the United States case, upheld laws against bigamy in United States territories.

Utah
In 2001, the state of Utah convicted Tom Green of criminal non-support and four counts of bigamy for having 5 serially monogamous marriages, while living with previous legally divorced wives. His cohabitation was considered evidence of a common-law marriage to the wives he had divorced while still living with them. That premise was subsequently affirmed by the Utah Supreme Court in State v. Green.. Green was also convicted of child rape and criminal non-support. In 2005, the state attorneys-general of Utah and Arizona issued a primer on helping victims of domestic violence and child abuse in polygamous communities. These states are emphasizing enforcement of crimes of child abuse, domestic violence, and fraud over the enforcement of the crime of bigamy. The priorities of local prosecutors are not covered by this statement.

Proponents and Opponents
- notable organizations/individuals fighting for or against polygamy
 * Details under polygamy

Polygamy in fiction
- notable works of fiction that mention polygamy
 * Details under polygamy

title: Talk:Polygamy/Re-write


text:
Talk:Panarchy (political philosophy)

2006 discussions
I tried. :) Hope this helps.--Cuomo111 01:39, 21 June 2006 (UTC)

==

This page clarifies very little. It would be nice to see it reworked.

==

I posted the following on the main page because I wanted to make sure that the average person who might visit it wouldn't get the impression that this topic is some sort of static, canonical concept. I suspect the discussion of these questions is likely to go on here though.

"This article seems to be almost entirely and solely taken from it's parent website, whose link is below. Some information, description or criticism that goes beyond e-advertising would be of significant help and contribution.  For instance, what is the difference between "Panarchy" and "Heterarchy", observing the significantly and poignantly different prefixes?  It could be argued that there seems to be an almost metaphysical bent to the descriptions of Panarchy here.  Furthermore, what would the proponents of this page argue is the difference between "Panarchy" and "Holarchy", other than the thematic or disciplinary scale?"

For my part, I see significant similarities in the organizational concepts of "Panarchy", "Holarchy", and "Heterarchy", with the significant difference seeming to be that both panarchies and holarchies rely on ever-increasing scales as their main organizational drive, while heterarchy seems more finite (for better or worse). In the case of Panarchy, could it be applied to systems other than Human governance? Both Holarchy and Heterarchy have natural or even physical corrolaries that don't require conscious constituents to contribute to the organizational system. That last question is less of a criticism than it is a somewhat semantic point of clarification.

Panarchist Sabotage?
What is with the panarchists constantly redirecting this page over to "panarchism." Clearly they are not even the same topic.

Improving the Disambiguation
I tried breaking up the page into separate panarchy pages but got slammed by the admins.

Reasons to leave both concepts in the same article
1 - It avoids causing linking problems. Links to panarchy of either type from other articles will go straight to appropiate info.

2 - The article isn't really long enough to split.

3 - Naming the two variants seems very problematic. exolon 12:07, 28 August 2006 (UTC)

What the hell is panarchy?
I have read and reread and rereread this article and I'm none the wiser. - ∅  ( ∅ ), 22:39, 28 January 2007 (UTC)

Improving this article
The above poster is quite correct. The article also is self-contradictory. This is how I intend to change it soon:

 * Make it clear that P. E. de Puydt originated a concept of free choice of governance/governments competing for members in the same geographical territory. See his very clear article http://www.panarchy.org/depuydt/1860.eng.html  (I'll delete confusing verbiage.)
 * Make it clear that some people have adopted this as an ISM - panarchism.
 * Make it clear that other people, not being aware of de Puydt and "panarchism," then started using it as a means of describing whole systems theories.

There does not have to be a conflict between the two ideas, just an accurate, Non-POV description on how use of the word developed. Carol Moore 21:19, 17 August 2007 (UTC)User:Carolmooredc User talk:Carolmooredc

Keep Panarchy and Panarchism Separate
Carol Moore 22:19, 10 October 2007 (UTC)User:Carolmooredc User talk:Carolmooredc
 * It is obvious there is a philosophical difference between different groups that use the phrase panarchy and that some use panarchISM as an actual philosophy. Looking at talk above we can see they had some editing wars and may again.
 * Anarchy and anarchism are separated, even though there is a big overlap there, so that's a precedent.
 * Panocracy should not be merged into either article. Frankly, considering that panocracy has NO references, for all we know this is original research by a couple of writers, something which is not supposed to be done on wikipedia. So unless you can prove that it really is a philosophy known about in wider political circles, I agree it SHOULD be deleted.  And I don't think it should be referred to in either article if it's just one or two people's bright idea.  When and if it gets more popularity, sure.

Resolving the differences between Panarchy and Panarchism
Sorry I intruded on the panarchy and panarchism discussion, it seems to be a sore subject. I thought about it for a bit, and I think that there are too many embedded explanations and pointers between each. I disagree that it is obvious that there are differences between the two groups... if you could explain that here, maybe you could explain that in the article. While I understand that Anarchy and Anarchism are separated, I don't think that there is enough material here to make the distinction between a word's definition (wikipedia is not a dictionary) and a political philosophy. It comes to mind that Anarchy might be one of those articles where too many philosophers hang out and they tend to demand specific things. Interesting how their anarchy (or anarchism) works out.

On a number of other items:
 * I think Pantarchy should be included as an alternate word for Panarchy, and have the Pantarchy article redirect. As it is, it says the same thing, doesn't it?
 * Maybe you could rewrite the definition to read: "Panarchy", or "Pantarchy", is a specific form of governance (“archy”) that would encompass (“pan”) all others.[1] Not to be confused with the political philosophy "Panarchism", "Panarchy" is a conceptual term which has taken several definitions since it was first coined by the Belgian political economist Paul Emile de Puydt in 1860. In the twentieth century, the term was re-coined separately (bearing some consistency with the original definition) by systems theorists to describe non-hierarchal organizing theories. However, scholars in international relations then used it to describe the notion of global governance, but this definition may be better more closely related to "Pantocracy".
 * Because "De Puydt’s definition of panarchy was expanded into a political philosophy of panarchism" maybe you could clearly resolve the differences this way:
 * Make an article called "Panarchy (systems theory)" which takes that portion of the article
 * Make an article called "Panarchy (international relations)" which takes that portion of the article
 * Take the De Puydt portion and integrate it into the Panarchism article
 * Make the Panarchy article into a redirect to Panarchism

As far as Pantocracy or Panocracy go, I have come to agree that neither are fitting for Panarchy or Panarchism except as far as International relations go. I find them related instead to Direct democracy (pure democracy), sociocracy, and Collectivist anarchism. I did find scholars talking about Pantocracy instead of Panocracy, and that is my reason for changing the verbage. Jwiley80 23:23, 10 October 2007 (UTC)

POV Changes from NON-sourced article must be changed
It looks like both Pantocracy and Panocracy will be deleted. All you changes are imposing a POV from a NON-sourced page (evidently original research) on FACTS on a Sourced page. I have a big problem with that and intend to undo your changes, unless you or someone else can convince me these changes are NOT against the WIKI spirit. Also note that time wise the international relations coining came BEFORE the systems theory coining as far as the references went. If you can find sources saying it's in opposite order, do tell.

It's fun being an anarchist and creating you own reality, but not on wikipedia!! Carol Moore 02:00, 11 October 2007 (UTC)User:Carolmooredc User talk:Carolmooredc

Pantarchy
"Pantarchy," as used by Stephen Pearl Andrews, was a very different thing than "panarchy." De Puydt envisioned a kind of free market in government, while Andrews envisioned a natural, voluntary hierarchy. Andrews' Constitution or Organic Base of the Pantarchy makes this quite clear, to the point of proposing a kind of "anarchist inquisition." Pantarchy is itself probably worthy of an article, as it was an important element in the projects of Andrews, Victoria Woodhull, and Section 12 of the IWA, and had impacts in other radical, anarchist, labor, and spiritualist circles. But it is not panarchy. Libertatia 13:16, 11 October 2007 (UTC)

 * First there IS an article on pantarchy so consider beefing it up. Second, obviously those who want "government by all" are trying to insert their ideas in this article in POV fashion. A new SOURCED section that refers to more than just wiki articles that are NOT sourced might be appropriate, if it is explained why it is inserted in some way that adds to the article, doesn't just promote a position that some words are better used than others.
 * Carol Moore 17:08, 11 October 2007 (UTC)User:Carolmooredc User talk:Carolmooredc

The charge that my revision of an existing sentence about confusions seems meant to promote pantarchy is at best humorous. "Assume good faith" and all that, eh? I'll see if I can't do something with the pantarchy entry, which is so stubby a stub that I actually mistook it for just a disambiguation or redirect page. Libertatia 18:53, 12 October 2007 (UTC)

 * The problem right now is people are trying to delete panocracy and pantocracy for the good reason they are not sourced at all. Therefore people who evidently don't want to do the work of beefing up the article with real information and sources are trying to merge their unsourced opinions into this article.
 * Pantarchy actually does seem from it's wiki links to have at least a bit more weight to it, but frankly I don't think there are too many people even in left or right anarchist circles who know both words and are likely to get confused, not to mention in the wider world who might chance upon either word/article. So it LOOKs like promoting pantachry, just like if I went to pantarchy and anarchy, etc saying "don't confuse it with panarchy" it might look like promotion. Unless, of course, you can find some article where these have been compared or contrasted, then it's sourced and not just an opinion.  Also, OK to include in the See Also section.
 * Carol Moore 22:15, 12 October 2007 (UTC)User:Carolmooredc User talk:Carolmooredc

Panarchy Etymology
I added the Panarchy Etymology for multiple reasons:

1. It clarifies and reinforces the idea of multiple but similar lines of thinking about panarchy.

2. It uses quotes from academic material which (for some) upgrades the status of the conversation.

The actual quotes could be improved with citations. —Preceding unsigned comment added by PaulBHartzog (talk • contribs) 19:36, 23 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Also the second and third uses were just the ones that others had put up there, not necessarily the most important or most use ones besides the original. Without reading or studying them, do you think that perhaps those two sections should be merged into yours listing and shortened? And/or any other important uses lengthened.  Once get your opinion will look at more closely. Carol Moore 20:50, 23 January 2008 (UTC)Carolmooredc {talk}

The Gunderson and Holling usage is the most prevalent. Merging is fine if it better matches wikipedia guidelines. I DO think the quotations add value. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 141.213.222.119 (talk) 19:28, 28 January 2008 (UTC)

I'm not sure if User:141.213.222.119 is Mr. Hartzog, but looking over this I see a number of problems. The first being that you can't quote yourself, as does Mr. Hartzog from a master's thesis. See Original_Research (Even a famous academic would not be allowed to do that here.) I'm going to get advice on what to do about the etymology issue. So will be making some changes within wikipedia guidelines soon.Carol Moore 23:51, 28 January 2008 (UTC)Carolmooredc {talk}

this isn't correct. You are free to cite yourself in exactly the same way as you are free to cite others: the problem is not with the editor's identity, but with the source cited being a master's thesis which may fail WP:RS. dab (𒁳) 08:21, 5 February 2008 (UTC)

ok, I see the problem. This is all rather dodgy. If pan- evokes the god Pan to the people who coined the term, all they do is disqualify themselves as sources to be taken seriously. dab (𒁳) 08:34, 5 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Great job! Will check out WP:V of your note soon. Carol Moore 16:35, 5 February 2008 (UTC)Carolmooredc {talk}

Deleted questionable See Alsos
I saw some problems with Heterarchy which just noted on web page. Collaborative innovation network and ISO and The Cathedral and the Bazaar didn't even mention panarchy. Please feel free to fix up first article to wiki standards and specify in other two articles their relevance to panarchy. Carol Moore 15:32, 28 November 2008 (UTC)

Other Languages
The links to other languages are in the redirection and not in the main article. Can someone change this in WikiData? https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Panarchism&redirect=no I don't know how. --Belandra (talk) 17:14, 15 November 2018 (UTC)

Shouldn't we split this into two articles?
I find the current article a bit confusing. On the one hand, there is panarchy in the sense of Holling and Gunderson, i.e., a social-ecological theory to describe how systems change across levels and scales. On the other hand, there is panarchism in the sense of Puydt, i.e., a political philosophy. Besides the name, both ideas have not much in common. My suggestion would be to use "panarchy" for the former and "panarchism" for the latter. That would mean we would need to create two separate articles. 194.62.169.86 (talk) 16:01, 30 January 2021 (UTC)

Paul-Emile de Puydt has never used the term Panarchism. His article is titled "Panarchy" and panarchy is a method not an ideology. And he has used the term Panarchy long before anybody else. So, we should stop confusing people with the term panarchism applied to de Puydt. (GPdB, May 2021)

 * Get it, but probably we should then use a disambiguity page, move this on to Panarchy (de Puydt) and make room for Panarchy (social ecology). Both terms emerged independently and have different meanings. 194.62.169.86 (talk) 15:02, 14 August 2021 (UTC)

Scope
This talk page documents years of confusion about the scope of this article. Based on the sourcing, we don't appear to have more to say about this than a dictionary definition. Does anyone have additional sources to propose to build out an article, or should it be split/redirected along the lines of what was discussed above? czar 04:05, 2 February 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Panarchy (political philosophy)


text:
User:DrCore

I am just a user.

title: User:DrCore


text:
Nancy Graves

Nancy Graves (December 23, 1939 – October 21, 1995) was an American sculptor, painter, printmaker, and sometime filmmaker known for her focus on natural phenomena like camels or maps of the Moon. Her works are included in many public collections, including those of the National Gallery of Art (Washington, D.C.), the Brooklyn Museum of Art, the Smithsonian American Art Museum, the National Gallery of Australia (Canberra), the Des Moines Art Center, Walker Art Center (Minneapolis), and the Museum of Fine Arts (St. Petersburg, FL). When Graves was just 29, she was given a solo exhibition at the Whitney Museum of American Art. At the time she was the youngest artist, and fifth woman to achieve this honor.

Early life and studies
Graves was born in Pittsfield, Massachusetts. Her interest in art, nature, and anthropology was fostered by her father, an accountant at the Berkshire Museum. After graduating from Vassar College in English Literature, Graves attended Yale University, where she received her bachelor's and master's degrees. Fellow Yale Art and Architecture alumni of the 1960s include the painters, photographers, and sculptors Brice Marden, Richard Serra, Chuck Close, Janet Fish, Gary Hudson, Rackstraw Downes, and Sylvia and Robert Mangold.

After her graduation in 1964, she received a Fulbright Scholarship and studied painting in Paris. Continuing her international travels, she then moved on to Florence. During the rest of her life, she would also travel to Morocco, Germany, Canada, India, Nepal, Kashmir, Egypt, Peru, China, Australia. She was married to Richard Serra from 1965 to 1970.

Work
A prolific artist who worked in painting, sculpture, printmaking and film, Graves first made her presence felt on the New York art scene in the late 1960s and 70's, with life-size sculptures of camels that seemed as accurate as a natural history display. Like-minded artists included Eva Hesse, Close, Bruce Nauman, Keith Sonnier, and Serra, to whom Graves was married from 1965 to 1970. Her work has strong ties to the Alexander Calder's stabiles and to the sculptures of David Smith, with their welded parts and found objects; she collected works by both artists.

Her most famous sculpture, Camels, was first displayed in the Whitney Museum of American Art. The sculpture features three separate camels, each made of many materials, among them burlap, wax, fiberglass, and animal skin. Each camel is also painted with acrylics and oil colors to appear realistic. The camels are now stored in the National Gallery of Canada, and two later "siblings" reside in the Ludwig Forum für Internationale Kunst in Aachen, Germany. Working in Fiberglas, latex, marble dust and other unorthodox materials, Graves later moved on to camel skeletons and bones, which she dispersed about the floor or hung from ceilings. In Variability of Similar Forms (1970), from drawings that Graves made of Pleistocene camel skeletons, she sculpted 36 individual leg bones in various positions, each nearly the height of a man, and arranged them upright in an irregular pattern on a wooden base. In the early 1970s, she made five films. Two of them, Goulimine, 1970 and Izy Boukir, recorded the movement of camels in Morocco, reflecting the influence of Eadweard Muybridge's motion-study photography. In 1976, German art collector Peter Ludwig commissioned a wax variation of a 1969 sculpture of camel bones.

Graves began showing open-form polychrome sculptures in 1980, one prime example being Trace, a very large tree whose trunk was made from ribbons of bronze with foliage of steel mesh. Also in the early 1980s, she began to produce the works for which she became most widely known: the colorfully painted, playfully disjunctive assemblages of found objects cast in bronze, including plants, mechanical parts, tools, architectural elements, food products and much more.

Graves also created a distinctive body of aerial landscapes, mostly based on maps of the Moon and similar sources. Below is a link to an example (VI Maskeyne Da Region of the Moon). Author Margret Dreikausen (1985) writes extensively of Graves's aerial works as part of a broader discussion of the aerial view and its importance in modern and contemporary art.

Graves also began using the lost wax technique in her later work. She would cast delicate objects in bronze. Then use them to create arrangements. Her color scheme changed over time to bright colors in the 1980s and then shifted to more "subtle" colors in the 1990s.

Some of Graves's other works include:
 * Goulimine (film, 1970)
 * Izy Boukir (film, 1971)
 * VI Maskeyne Da Region of the Moon (lithograph, 1972)
 * Fragment (painting, 1977)
 * Wheelabout (sculpture, 1985)
 * Hindsight (sculpture, 1986)
 * Immovable Iconography (sculpture, 1990)
 * Footscray (oil on canvas, paint, and sculpture)
 * Metaphore & Melanomy, (cast bronze, 1995)
 * Camels, VI, VII, VIII (wood, steel, burlap, polyurethane, wax, oil paint, 1969)
 * Fossils (Plaster, dust, marble dust, acrylic and steel, 1970)
 * Calipers (Hot-rolled steel, 1970)
 * Shaman (Latex on muslin, wax, steel, copper, aluminum wire, gauze, oil paint, marble dust, and acrylic, 1970)
 * Variability and Repetition of Similar Forms II (Bronze and COR-TEN steel, 1979)
 * Trambulate (Bronze and carbon steel with polyurethane paint and baked enamel, 1984)

At the end of her life, Graves was incorporating handblown glass into her sculptures and experimenting with poly-optics, a glasslike material that can be cast.

Graves worked and lived in Soho and in Beacon, New York, where she maintained a studio.

Exhibitions
Graves, whose first New York exhibition was at the Graham Gallery in 1968, has been represented by M. Knoedler & Company since 1980. She exhibited extensively in galleries in the United States and Europe and is represented in museums around the world. A comprehensive museum retrospective, organized by the Modern Art Museum of Fort Worth, later traveled to the Brooklyn Museum in 1987. When the restored Rainbow Room reopened in Manhattan's Rockefeller Center in 1987, a Graves sculpture was installed at the entrance. A solo exhibition, "Nancy Graves: Mapping" was held at Mitchell-Innes & Nash in 2019. Mitchell-Innes & Nash has represented the Estate of Nancy Graves since 2014. The exhibition was accompanied by a fully illustrated catalogue with an essay by Robert Storr.

Awards

 * Skowhegan Medal for Drawing/Graphics (1980)
 * New York Dance and Performance Bessie Award (1986)
 * Honorary Degree, Skidmore College (1989)
 * Elected into the National Academy of Design (1992)

In others' art
Mary Beth Edelson's Some Living American Women Artists / Last Supper (1972) appropriated Leonardo da Vinci’s The Last Supper, with the heads of notable women artists collaged over the heads of Christ and his apostles. John the Baptist's head was replaced with Nancy Graves, and Christ's with Georgia O'Keeffe. This image, addressing the role of religious and art historical iconography in the subordination of women, became "one of the most iconic images of the feminist art movement."

Death
Nancy Graves made her last works in April 1995 at the Walla Walla Foundry with Saff Tech Arts in Washington state. In May, less than a month later, she was diagnosed with ovarian cancer and died the following October, aged 55.

title: Nancy Graves


text:
Bedford Vehicles

Bedford Vehicles, usually shortened to just Bedford, was a brand of vehicle manufactured by Vauxhall Motors, then a subsidiary of multinational corporation General Motors. Established in April 1931, Bedford Vehicles was set up to build commercial vehicles. The company was a leading international lorry brand, with substantial export sales of light, medium, and heavy lorries throughout the world.

Bedford's core heavy trucks business was divested by General Motors (GM) as AWD Trucks in 1987, whilst the Bedford brand continued to be used on light commercial vehicles and car-derived vans based on Vauxhall/Opel, Isuzu and Suzuki designs. The brand was retired in 1991.

The van manufacturing plant of Bedford, now called Vauxhall Luton, is now owned and operated by Stellantis, following Vauxhall's acquisition by PSA Group in 2017.

History
Until 1925, General Motors assembled trucks in Britain from parts manufactured at its Canadian works. This enabled them to import vehicles into Britain under Imperial Preference, which favoured products from the British Empire as far as import duties were concerned. Such trucks were marketed as "British Chevrolet".

In November 1925, GM purchased Vauxhall Motors with production transferred from Hendon to Luton, Vauxhall's headquarters, production commencing there in 1929.

1930s
The AC and LQ models were produced at Luton from 1929 to 1931, and styled as the "Chevrolet Bedford", taking the name from the county town of Bedfordshire, in which Luton is located. The AC was bodied as a light van (12 cwt), and the LQ in a wide variety of roles, including a lorry, ambulance, van and bus versions. The name "Chevrolet" was dropped, and the first Bedford was produced in April 1931. This vehicle, a 2-ton lorry, was virtually indistinguishable from its LQ Chevrolet predecessor, apart from detail styling of the radiator, and was available as the WHG with a 10 ft wheelbase, or as the WLG with a longer wheelbase of 13 ft. However, the Chevrolet LQ and AC continued in production alongside the new product for a further year. In August 1931, a bus chassis was added to the range, and was designated WHB and WLB.

A large part of Bedford's original success in breaking into the UK and British Empire markets lay in the overhead-valve (OHV) six-cylinder Chevrolet engine, now known as Chevrolet Stovebolt engine – well ahead of its time, this smooth running inline six-cylinder engine formed the basis of Bedford and Vauxhall petrol engines almost until the marque ceased building trucks and buses.

In April 1932, a 30 cwt lorry was introduced, together with a 12 cwt light delivery van, designated as the WS and VYC models respectively. Bedford continued to develop its share of the light transport market, with the introduction of the 8 cwt ASYC and ASXC vans, a close derivative of the Vauxhall Light Six car. The AS series of vans continued in production until 1939.

Bedford introduced the 3 ton WT series in November 1933. Again, a short wheelbase WHT (9 ft), or long wheelbase WLG (13 ft) version was offered. A change in design of the WLG produced the WTL, with its cab, internal combustion engine and radiator moved forward to allow a 14 ft bodylength. In 1935, the WTB bus version appeared, and the WS and VYC models were updated – the latter being redesignated BYC as it was fitted with the engine and synchromesh gearbox of the Big Six Vauxhall cars. The 5–6 cwt HC light van was introduced in 1938, based on the Vauxhall Ten car, and the WT and WS acquired a newly styled grill.

Mid -1939 saw a complete revamp of Bedfords, with only the HC van continuing in production. The new range consisted of the K (30–40 cwt), MS and ML (2–3 ton), OS and OL (3–4 ton), OS/40 and OL/40 (5 ton) series, and the OB bus. Also on offer was a new 10–12 cwt van, the JC, derived from the new J Model Vauxhall car. Many of the trucks sold by Bedford between June and September 1939 were requisitioned for military use on the outbreak of World War II; many were abandoned after the retreat from Dunkirk, rendered useless to the enemy by removing the engine oil drain plug and running the engine. Because the German armed forces in 1940 were, contrary to their popular image, desperately short of motor transport, many of these captured Bedfords were repaired and pressed into service alongside Opel Blitz (also part of GM) trucks by the German armed forces – although the Bedfords mainly filled second-line roles, including civil defence.

Production of the new range ceased, apart from a few examples made for essential civilian duties, when Bedford went onto a war footing. Production resumed in 1945.

World War II
In 1935, Bedford began the development of a 15 cwt truck for the British War Office. This entered service as the MW in 1939, and 65,995 examples had been built by the end of the war in 1945. The MW appeared in a wide range of roles, as a water tanker, general duties truck, personnel carrier, petrol tanker, wireless truck and anti-aircraft gun tractor – among others.

The War Office designated 15 cwt vehicles, such as the MW, as trucks, and larger vehicles as lorries.

The 1939 K-, M-, and O-series lorries were quickly redesigned for military use. This was largely a matter of styling, involving a sloping bonnet with a flat front with headlights incorporated and a crash bar to protect the radiator in a minor collision. The military versions were designated OX and OY series, and again were put to a wide range of tasks, including mobile canteens, tankers, general purpose lorries, and a version with a Tasker semi-trailer used by the Royal Air Force to transport dismantled or damaged aircraft. This variant was popularly known as the Queen Mary. A number of Bedford OXD 1.5 ton chassis were converted to make the Bedford OXA armoured vehicle. A total of 72,385 OY and 24,429 OX lorries were built. The Armadillo was an OY fitted for airfield defence with Lewis guns and an ex-aircraft COW 37 mm gun.

Bedford supplied numerous trucks and tanks to the Soviet Union during World War II.

A radical departure from Bedford's design norms came in October 1939, with the development of a four-wheel drive, forward control lorry, which entered service in March 1941 as the QL, quickly nicknamed the "Queen Lizzie". As with the MW and OY / OX models, the QL went on to serve in a large number of roles, such as artillery tractor, gun porter, command vehicle, wireless lorry and petrol tanker, as well as the troop-carrying QLD, the most common variant. An experimental version used the track unit of a Bren gun carrier (or Universal Carrier), as an answer to the German half-track vehicles, which had superior cross-country capability. Production ran at around 12,000 units per year between 1942 and 1944. Many QLs and other Bedford World War II military vehicles served with the British Army, and other forces into the 1960s, and many others were purchased for civilian use after the war.

After the Dunkirk evacuation in June 1940, the British Army had around 100 tanks, most of which were obsolete and inferior to the German tanks of the day. Vauxhall Motors was given one year to design and produce a suitable heavy tank. In May 1941, the Churchill tank derived from work on the A22 tank with Harland & Wolff went into production at Luton, some 5,640 units and 2,000 spare engines being produced at Luton, and other sites under contract to Vauxhall. The resultant need to continue truck production brought about the development of the new Bedford Dunstable plant, which came online in 1942.

For wartime production the OB was temporarily replaced by the "utility" OWB, with which Bedford became the only British manufacturer authorised to build single-deck buses during hostilities.

Apart from vehicle manufacture during World War II, Vauxhall Motors produced steel helmets, RP-3 rocket bodies, and components for Frank Whittle's top-secret jet engine.

1950s
The HC 5–6 cwt van continued briefly after the war, and the JC 10–12 cwt was fitted with the column gear change; and engine from the Vauxhall L Model Wyvern in late 1948; and became the PC. 1952 saw the launch of the Bedford CA light commercial, signifying the end of the road for the outmoded HC and JC models. The CA was a range of vans and pick-ups similar in concept and size to (although pre-dating) the Ford Transit of 1965. These were semi-forward control, having a short bonnet with the rear of the engine protruding into the cab. Engines were the Vauxhall-based 1508 cc OHV in-line four petrol engine, with the option of a Perkins 4/99 or 4/108 diesel engine later on. Performance was adequate for the time, a maximum speed of 60 mi/h being attainable with the petrol engine, and offering fuel economy of 25 mpgimp. The van initially featured a three-speed column gearchange, changing later on to a four-speed column change.

The CA was a huge seller both at home and in various overseas markets. The standard panel van was available in short- and long-wheelbase forms, and was also sold as chassis cab / chassis cowl, and became a popular basis for ice-cream vans, ambulances and camper vans. Known affectionately as "the Tilley", the CA enjoyed a very long production span, with only minor tweaks throughout its life, including the replacement of the two piece windscreen of earlier models with a single sheet. Production ended in 1969.

The CA was replaced by the CF, a highly redesigned vehicle, albeit architecturally similar, but rather larger, using new overhead camshaft (OHC) engines, which was to have a much harder time proving itself thanks to the Ford Transit.

Perhaps the major event of the 1950s was the transfer of all non-car based commercial vehicle manufacture to the former Vauxhall shadow factory at Boscombe Road, Dunstable. Bedford Dunstable plant, dating originally from 1942, was extensively rebuilt and extended between 1955 and 1957, when all production lines were said to be over a mile long. Subsequently, all commercial vehicle manufacture would be concentrated there, with only vans and car-based commercials remaining at the Luton plant. Production of the Bedford commercial vehicle range remained there until production ceased in the 1980s.

The 1950s also saw the launch of the popular S type trucks, the so-called Big Bedfords, which brought Bedford into the 7-ton range. The S series was immortalised in RL form – a four-wheel drive, high ground clearance version, as the Green Goddess emergency fire tender, used by the Auxiliary Fire Service until 1968, then until 2004 over 1,000 were held in reserve by the Home Office for use in the event of fire-service industrial action or other serious emergencies. They were disposed of by the Home Office in 2005. Several have found new homes in African countries that lack a developed fire-fighting service, such as Kenya. The C series of 1957 was a forward-control derivative of the S series, and outwardly very similar to it.

These vehicles were available in rigid and tractor units, with either petrol or diesel engines. The UK military were a huge customer for Bedford RLs using a 4.9-litre straight six petrol engine. Many RLs found their way into the armed forces of Commonwealth countries and later into civilian use.

Alongside the S series trucks, the SB bus was released in 1950, and immediately became a big seller in India, Pakistan, Australia, New Zealand and Africa, as well as in the UK. The SB chassis was also used as a basis for specialised vehicles, such as mobile libraries, fire engines, and civil defence control units. The largest fleet of SB buses in the world belonged to New Zealand Railways Road Services, with 1,280 SB buses built between 1954 and 1981.

The Bedford TK range replaced the S type in 1959, but the RL continued in production until 1969, when it was replaced by the M type, which used the basic cab of the TK and the mechanicals of the RL with minimal changes.

The pre-war K, M and O types continued in production alongside the heavier S types until 1953. Vauxhall had already gone for a transatlantic styling with its E Model Wyvern and Velox saloons, and Bedford followed suit with its mid-range of trucks in 1953. Designated as the TA series, the new range were mechanically very similar to their predecessors, but featured a new Chevrolet-inspired cab. The 'T' designation meant "truck", so the range is generally referred to as the A series. Numbers 2, 3, 4 and 5; as in A2, etc., identified the weight rating. A factory-fitted Perkins diesel engine was an option. The TA (A) series was updated in 1957, and became the TJ, or J series.

The Bedford TJ normal control light truck was introduced in 1958, available with either petrol or diesel engines. Although never a big seller in the home market (with the exception of Post Office Telephones), it was a big export earner in developing countries, due to its basic layout and specification, and remained in production (for export markets only) until production of Bedford vehicles ceased.

1960s and 1970s
The Bedford TK range was produced in large numbers since 1959, and served as the basis for a variety of derivatives including fire engines, military vehicles, horse-boxes, tippers, flat-bed trucks, and other specialist utility vehicles. A Post Office Telephones version used for installing telegraph poles was known as the Pole Erection Unit. The British Armed Forces still use four-wheel drive Bedford MKs – a variant of the TK.

Available with four and six-cylinder petrol and diesel engines, the TK was the quintessential light truck in the UK through most of the 1960s and 1970s, competing with the similar Ford D series. It was available in rigid form, and also as a light tractor unit, normally using the Scammell coupling form of trailer attachment.

The Bedford KM was a similar vehicle, using the same cab, but with a slightly restyled front end, and was marketed for heavier-duty applications than the TK, i.e. 16 tons and over. Many developing countries still use ageing Bedfords every day, their robust nature and simple engineering endearing them as highly useful vehicles in demanding terrain.

From 1961 to 1968, General Motors Argentina manufactured Bedford trucks and buses (based on a truck) in a plant at San Martín, Buenos Aires.

In 1967, a Bedford SB3 chassis with Plaxton's Panorama cab was used in the construction of seven custom mobile cinema units that toured British factories for the Ministry of Technology to "raise standards". The body was custom fabricated from extruded aluminium by Coventry Steel Caravans. One of these restored units is used as a vintage mobile cinema. The vehicle dubbed The Reel History Bus was used in the BBC Two television series, Reel History of Britain showing little known or totally unseen archive film of historical events, to the surviving participants and their families on board. They showed their reaction and interviewed audience members about their often newly jogged memories of events. The Vintage Mobile Cinema has appeared on The One Show and George Clarke's Small Spaces, and continues to appear around the UK.

The smaller Bedford CF was less successful, competing directly with the market-dominating Ford Transit, although used by many of Britain's major utility companies, including British Telecom and British Gas plc. However, the CF was much less popular with fleet operators than the Transit, which was more popular with its drivers and seen as cheaper to operate and maintain. Part of the reason for the CF's relative unpopularity was the use of the slant 4 SOHC petrol engine from the FD and FE Vauxhall Victor – which was notoriously rough running, had high fuel consumption, and was susceptible to cam belt breakage. However, the CF became very popular as a base of special-bodied ice cream vans and mobile shops. The later CF2 used the more reliable Opel Ascona engine.

In Australia, the GM subsidiary of Holden began assembling the CF series with in-line six-cylinder engines borrowed from their passenger car range, in competition against Ford Australia's version of the Transit van which had been re-engineered to accommodate in-line six-cylinder engines from the local Ford Falcon.

Bedford's smallest products, car-derived vans, were the Bedford HA van, which substantially outlived the Vauxhall Viva HA on which it was based, and the Bedford Chevanne, a short-lived variant of the Vauxhall Chevette. An estate conversion of the HA van by Martin Walter was marketed as the Bedford Beagle. This was further developed into a camper van, the Roma, again by Martin Walter.

The company also made a number of bus chassis, its low price catering for the cheaper end of the coach market.

During the 1970s, the Bedford HA derived BTV (Basic Transport Vehicle) was produced in many countries and sold under different names such as "Compadre" (Honduras), "Chato" (Guatemala), "Cherito" (El Salvador), "Amigo" (Costa Rica), and "Pinolero" (Nicaragua).

1980s
The TK/KM/MK range remained the mainstay of production throughout the 1960s and 1970s, but with little serious product investment the range became increasingly outdated. In 1982, the TL range was introduced almost completely replacing the TK, although its military equivalents continued in production for the UK Ministry of Defence. In reality a long overdue update of the TK, the TL was never as popular as the model range it succeeded. This was largely due to more modern products offered by other companies (increasingly from the likes of Volvo, MAN and Mercedes-Benz).

The Bedford TM was the largest of all the modern Bedfords, with payloads available up to 42 tonnes GTW permissible. The TM was available with either GM or Detroit Diesel engines and enjoyed a small but loyal customer base, but could never compete with the volume producers, primarily Volvo and Scania, even in its home market. Turkey's Genoto assembled Bedfords under license.

A major blow came when Bedford failed to win a UK Ministry of Defence contract to produce the standard 4–ton 4x4 GS (general service) truck for the British forces – although in extensive tests the Bedford candidate had been the equal of the Leyland (later Leyland DAF) candidate, and the British Army expressed a preference to continue the trusted relationship with Bedford trucks. The reasons for this decision were seen by many as political, as the Army 4–tonner contract was seen by the Thatcher government as essential for the long-term survival of Leyland, and for the formation of Leyland DAF. The implications of the decision were also noted by GM in Detroit, who had already been refused permission to buy the Land Rover division of British Leyland, which they had intended to operate in tandem with the Bedford Truck division as a major force in the military and civilian off-roader market.

In addition to this setback, by the middle of the decade, the more technologically advanced competition from other truck manufacturers was eating heavily into sales. In reality, the Bedford truck range, still largely based on the 1960 TK range, had become increasingly outdated when compared with the opposition, leading to a deep decline in non-military sales. It was therefore announced by GM that Bedford would stop production of all commercial vehicles, and the Dunstable plant would close in 1986.

From there on in, the Bedford name continued as badge engineering on smaller light commercials only. The HA compact van finally ceased production in 1983, having been kept in production largely due to continuing large orders from British utility companies such as British Rail and the GPO. It was replaced by the Vauxhall Astra-based "Astravan" and the later high-roof "Astramax" variant which were later rebranded as Vauxhalls. The CF van was facelifted in 1982 and was given Opel engines and continued until 1986. In 1985, the IBC Vehicles venture was founded which spawned the Suzuki Carry based Bedford Rascal microvan and Isuzu Fargo based Bedford Midi van range – later to be called the Vauxhall Midi.

Isuzu and IBC
Bedford's first partnership with Isuzu came in 1976 when it marketed a rebadged version of the Isuzu Faster pickup truck as the Bedford KB. The vehicle was never a strong seller in Britain, (subsequent generations were badged as the Bedford/Vauxhall Brava), but it did pave the way for further collaboration – culminating in the IBC venture.

In 1986, the Bedford van factory in Luton was reorganised as a joint venture with Isuzu. The resulting company, IBC Vehicles, produced a locally built version of the Isuzu Fargo in 1985 (badged as the Bedford Midi).

In 1991, this was followed by a European version of the Isuzu MU Wizard called the Frontera, and a rebadged Renault Trafic van called the Arena, sold under the Vauxhall and Opel brand names. The Bedford name was dropped completely, as were all of its preceding range apart from the Midi, which was sold for a few years as the Bedford Seta (in Portugal).

In 1998, GM bought Isuzu out of the IBC partnership. The plant now operates as GMM Luton, and at first built the Renault Trafic which was badge engineered as a Vivaro under the Vauxhall and Opel marques, currently it builds a licensed version of the Citroën Jumpy.

David John Bowes Brown and AWD
The Bedford trucks site in Dunstable and business was sold in 1987 to AWD Trucks, a company owned by David John Bowes Brown. The AWD name was used as GM would only allow the use of the Bedford name for military trucks. David John Bowes Brown was the designer in 1973 of the then DJB D250 Articulated Dump Truck, built in Peterlee, England, by DJB Engineering. DJB was renamed Artix in 1985 when the trucks were rebadged as Caterpillar. Artix itself was sold to Caterpillar in 1996.

AWD continued with the TL and TM range, and was still producing the TJ series for export. The AWD Bedford TK (a rebadged and modernised version of the Bedford TK / MK range) was also produced and supplied to the British military. Due to cheaper competition and the virtual collapse of the UK market in which AWD competed in 1989/90, the company went into receivership in 1992 and was bought by dealer network Marshall of Cambridge. The name was finally retired in 1998, becoming Marshall Special Vehicles, producer of various military vehicles.

Logo
Bedford used the Griffin logo of Vauxhall Motors, derived from the heraldic crest of Falkes de Breauté, who was granted the Manor of Luton by King John. By marriage, he acquired property in London, known as Fulk's Hall, which over time, came to be the locality of Vauxhall, the original home of Vauxhall Motors. The griffin returned to Luton in 1903 when Vauxhall Motors moved there. The Bedford version of the logo differed from the Vauxhall version in that the Griffin did not hold a flag – although later versions of the logo showed the Griffin holding a flag carrying a letter "B" (for Bedford) instead of a "V".

Products
List of products produced at Bedford / IBC Vehicles Luton:

Bedford models
Very approximately in size order

 * Rascal
 * HA
 * Beagle
 * Chevanne
 * Astra
 * Astramax
 * Midi
 * Brava
 * CA
 * CF
 * Dormobile
 * MW
 * W series
 * K series
 * M series
 * O series
 * A series
 * D series
 * QL
 * S series
 * ML
 * OB
 * JJL
 * SB
 * VAS
 * RL
 * TK
 * TJ
 * TL
 * RK
 * MK
 * MJ
 * KM
 * VAL
 * VAM
 * Y series
 * Eight metres
 * YMP/S
 * Ten metres
 * YRQ
 * YLQ
 * YMQ
 * YMP
 * Eleven metres
 * YRT
 * YMT
 * YNT
 * Twelve metres
 * YNV Venturer
 * TM
 * TM 4x4

Vauxhall models
(some also sold as Opels and other GM brands)
 * Vauxhall Midi (a rebadged Isuzu Fargo)
 * Vauxhall Astramax (a rebadged Opel Combo)
 * Vauxhall Brava (a rebadged Isuzu Faster)
 * Vauxhall Rascal (a rebadged Suzuki Carry)
 * Vauxhall Frontera (a rebadged Isuzu MU 4x4 SUV)
 * Vauxhall Vivaro (a rebadged Renault Trafic)

Renault models

 * Renault Trafic (platform-sharing version of Nissan Primastar, Opel Vivaro and Vauxhall Vivaro)

Bedford bus sales totals 1931–1966

 * The SB, VAS, VAL and VAM sales figures are to June 1965. Later production is not included in these figures.

title: Bedford Vehicles


text:
User:Lecartia

I am not very generous when it comes to personal data in the Internet. Those who know me, will recognize me by my user name or at least with the help of the hint that I am a student of International Media and Computer Science at FHTW Berlin. But there is something I can give away: Born in 1985 and female – but with no great store by the German in-ending, which is spreading around due to overdone political correctness.

My biggest passion is the reading and editing of articles about interesting persons - it is unbelievable exciting and instructive.

de:Benutzer:Lecartia

title: User:Lecartia


text:
Erik Pevernagie

Erik Pevernagie (born 1939) is a Belgian painter and writer, living in Uccle (Brussels), who has held exhibitions in Paris, New York City, Berlin, Düsseldorf, Amsterdam, London, Brussels and Antwerp.

Life
Pevernagie has his background in Brussels, a bilingual city where Latin and Germanic cultures mix. He is the son and pupil of the expressionist painter Louis Pevernagie (1904–1970). From the start, he was interested in the Anglo-Saxon and Germanic cultural heritage and became a Master in Germanic Philology at the Free University of Brussels (1961). He took a postgraduate degree at Cambridge University (UK) and became a Professor at Erasmus University. A Master's degree Leisure Agogics (1971) motivated him to create a social & cultural non-profit located on two boats in the Port of Brussels: "Ric's River Boat" and "Ric's Art Boat", which allowed him to meet remarkable characters in the art world. He became an associated academician of Accademia Internazionale del Verbano di Lettere, Arti, Scienze.

Work

The artist seems to get his inspiration from several aspects of the social fabric. Communication and in-communication are recurring central themes in his work. Topics like alienation, seclusion, unrest, and insecurity appear to be starting points for visual productions. Viewing a painting becomes a semiotic experience, and words, titles, sentences, and graffiti should be extensions and elucidations of a visual effect. Creating work is, at the same time, plastic and literary.

If "details" add to the structure of the work, the small items of life seem to be the cornerstones through which the viewer can comprehend the world. While particular events from the collective memory are translated into the canvas, the artistic approach consists of hiding the subject in a singular environment.

The whole work is practically unclassifiable, as various currents seem to culminate in it. While the characters are integrated into their environment through geometric lines and compositional planes, figuration and abstractionism are forced to a compromise, visibly with a view to generating a range of emotions and reflections.

As the material on the canvas and the color process play an essential role, sand and metal filings are used to give a distinctive texture. The artist obviously has a dialectical approach towards "presence" and "absence" and towards the "painted" and "non-painted" matter in art, which seems to create a kind of tension, visually and mentally.

Quotes

 * "Erik Pevernagie is primarily known for combining both figurative and abstract elements in his works. Starting with a simple geometric sketch or "graffiti", he builds the surface with materials such as ashes, sand or metal chips." (Doyle New York)
 * "'Man' stands in the heart of his work: man integrated into his natural environment, sometimes even absorbed by it. On the other hand, he seems to deny it, as Pevernagie introduces graffiti in his paintings. So doing, he gives evidence of the solitude of the human being, his alienation in the urban texture." (Benezit Dictionary of Artists, Paris)
 * "Bridging the gaps between generations, social strata, and nationalities is a tricky business. However, Erik Pevernagie may have hit upon a workable formula to ease the alienation. " (International Herald Tribune)
 * "By denying any physical presence of the character and leaving simply dress evidence, the artist gives us a reproduction of the ground zero of the mind. His anti-hero has decided to make tabula rasa and get rid of all acquired alleged qualities." (Christie's, New York, Catalogue)
 * "His message, like a light beam across the fog of the human condition, calls our attention to the fragment to help us to explore the universe. The detail is chosen as the starting point of the possible knowledge, deepening our perception and conscience. Pevernagie offers us the first pieces of a puzzle we have to assemble. He freezes the moment as a password to disclose eternity. His philosophical approach to the "essence" is further materialized by a choice of technical parameters: the flatness of the perspective, the geometrical shapes, the narrow chromatic range, the use of material elements such as sand and metal files...somehow recalling the Egyptian art, an art based on the language of icons and symbols, to explore and explain the mystery." (R.Puvia, London)
 * "Belgian artist who adds geometrical color surfaces in his work to characters or architectural spaces. In addition, he uses material on his canvasses such as sand and metal chips, which grant to his pictures their special surface texture and which seem to submerge the separate entities into a refined moderate colouredness through the reflection of the light." (Ketterer, Hamburg)
 * "The human being who is present in all his work is reduced to a congruent portion. Some pale traits and bodies blend into the canvas, leaving space for accessories, highlighted by the artist in a more figurative manner. The material is omnipresent in Erik Pevernagie's paintings and gives to his work all the intensity of the messages he tries to transmit. Metal, aluminum, sand. The ruggedness of his canvasses is perfectly in tune with the long vanishing lines and the sharp angles of his paintings." (M. Ladaveze)
 * "Typical exponent of the contemporary artist who combines abstract and figurative elements in his work. He starts with an idea and expresses that idea in a plastic way. Thus he depicts a world which has become confused and insecure and asks questions which can be interpreted by the spectator." (Paul Piron, Brussels)
 * "Mixes figuration and abstraction with a poetic and philosophical key. Important are the framing, the intersections, and the balance of the surfaces. Introduces extraneous substances (ashes, sand, grit, etc.) which give an aspect of strangeness and ruggedness as if he leaves traces of the past." (Arto)
 * "Always listening to the world around him, Erik Pevernagie grants to our fellow man a dominating place in his paintings. The individual is replaced in his environment, which is sometimes evoked by graffiti, and seems to be absorbed and dissolved by the elements surrounding him. The subtle touches of color, the half-abstract, half-figurative shapes, and the specific framing lead to the dissolution of the individual whose life seems to be but superficiality. Pevernagie invites us to go beyond the superficial barriers in order to discover the mystery behind his characters who are in perpetual tension as if they were waiting for something else, for another life." (LeVif/l'Express)
 * "Always starting from an event of the collective memory, Pevernagie paints a very insecure world in his very particular way. Half figurative, half abstract, he mixes elements of earth, sand, and metal cuttings on his canvas in sober beige, grey, and velvet red tones. He starts with simple graffiti, a sketch of a person, or a detail from daily life. These are used as a pretext for a network of pure and well-structured geometrical lines covering the whole surface of the canvas in order to bring about emotion. The titles are like twinklings in the eye.They are to be interpreted as one feels them. In the first degree or in the second degree. Astonishing in this work is the message that is brought to life. The artist asks questions. Life is seen by Pevernagie in different ways, and painting is a way to express them. The paintbrush is a means of evasion and the color a gate to reflection." (Rey-Berthot)
 * "The figures of Erik Pevernagie are absorbed, integrated into their environment by the color, the lines, and by the" idea", which is most important in his work. He starts with an idea, and then he paints it. With him, we find the problems which keep him busy, which haunt us, and which he depicts. He paints the alienation, the loneliness, the unrest, the uncertainty. Erik Pevernagie paints for a generation. Our world has been decomposed, fallen into pieces, and become uncertain and unseizable. But art and poetry are ultimate recourses. Erik Pevernagie's work is thrilling. With him, we enter a totally different universe than the recognizable and readable reality. It's a universe we can interpret.In his art, questions are put. He has a vision of man and the world. This artist is captivated by his topics and by the way he is painting them. He brings about a change in our way of looking at the world. " (Professor W. Toebosch)
 * "For me, it's even more, the shape that one perceives than the idea of the painter, which astonishes and alienates me. The painter obviously starts from a situation in everyday life. The shape and the structure impose themselves and create some disturbance. The canvas is almost empty. No cumbersome details. No technical tricks. I understand that it's the " details ", the small objects of life that surround us and which form the framework through which we perceive the world, which stimulates and encourage the thought. These objects often replace the interior world with many people." (L. Krasnova)

title: Erik Pevernagie